PMID- 3354160
TI  - Elevated plasma glucose concentration in a case of bovine spongiform
      encephalopathy.

PMID- 3354161
TI  - Chronic consequences of incisions.

PMID- 3354162
TI  - Slaughter of poultry.

PMID- 3354163
TI  - Larvicidal properties against Ostertagia ostertagi of the faeces of calves
      treated with a sustained release formulation of morantel tartrate.
AB  - An experiment was carried out to assess the effect of morantel tartrate in the
      faeces of calves treated with a bolus on the survival and development of
      Ostertagia ostertagi eggs. Since the drug delivered from the bolus greatly
      reduces the nematode population in an infected animal and thus the number of eggs
      excreted it was necessary to mix O ostertagi eggs into the faeces of calves to
      which boluses had been administered. In three preliminary experiments it was
      shown that the methods used to extract the nematode eggs from faeces of infected
      cattle and remix them into faeces from uninfected cattle did not appear to affect
      their development into larvae or their even distribution in the faeces into which
      they had been remixed. The concentration of morantel tartrate lethal to O
      ostertagi eggs was in the range 0.0015 to 0.0025 M in vitro. It was demonstrated
      that the presence of the drug in the faeces of dosed calves prevented the
      maturation of approximately 99 per cent of O ostertagi eggs to infective larvae
      between days 7 and 84 after the administration of a bolus and of 75 per cent on
      day 91. These results help to explain the well recognised effect of the bolus in
      cleaning pastures of O ostertagi.

PMID- 3354164
TI  - Ovine abortion associated with Campylobacter coli.

PMID- 3354165
TI  - Prediction of calving times from plasma progesterone concentration.

PMID- 3354166
TI  - Concurrent bovine virus diarrhoea virus and Campylobacter fetus infection in an
      aborted bovine fetus.

PMID- 3354167
TI  - The incidence of rupture of the liver in neonatal lambs of the north country
      Cheviot breed.

PMID- 3354168
TI  - Bilateral renal dysplasia and hypoplasia in a foal with an imperforate anus.

PMID- 3354169
TI  - Lack of effect of selenium treatment on pneumonia in housed calves.

PMID- 3354170
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: possible toxicity link?

PMID- 3354171
TI  - Bull fighting.

PMID- 3354172
TI  - Horse vaccination certificates.

PMID- 3354173
TI  - Antibiotic testing of individual cow's milk.

PMID- 3354174
TI  - Clinical studies on elevation of serum CPK activity in patients with drug
      intoxication.
AB  - Elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), known to occur in only cerebral,
      cardiac and muscular diseases, was encountered in 34 patients with drug
      intoxication. The mechanism of hyper-CPKemia in drug intoxication was examined by
      determining the correlations between CPK variations and underlying factors. Liver
      function, WBC, serum total protein, albumin and blood sugar indicated
      correlations with serum CPK. It seemed that increased blood sugar, decreased
      protein, decreased albumin and increased WBC were associated with hyper-CPKemia
      and reflected severe acute stress to the nervous, endocrine and metabolic systems
      collapsing the systemic physiological homeostasis.

PMID- 3354175
TI  - Paraquat intoxication during pregnancy: a report of 9 cases.
AB  - The details of nine patients who deliberately ingested paraquat (24% solution)
      while pregnant are presented. Two patients refused treatment. Paraquat levels in
      maternal, fetal and cord blood in 1 case shows that paraquat crosses the placenta
      and is concentrated to levels 4-6 times greater than the maternal blood.
      Amnioscopy in another case showed paraquat levels in amniotic fluid nearly twice
      that of maternal blood. All fetuses died, whether or not emergency cesarean
      operation was performed. The condition of the fetus worsened at delivery, or in
      utero if the gestational age was greater than 30 weeks. One of the 2 survivors
      has had a normal pregnancy since, with no evidence of teratogenicity from the
      earlier paraquat intoxication. This patient has shown a gradual return to normal
      spirometry values from the marked reduction that occurred at the time of paraquat
      intoxication.

PMID- 3354176
TI  - Hazardous Substance Center: a poison center's workers right to know program.
AB  - Workers Right To Know (WRTK) legislation has been enacted in several states. It
      is landmark advocacy legislation for employees and communities who may be exposed
      to hazardous chemicals, but it is also a complex and costly problem for business,
      industry, and nonprofit organizations. The Hazardous Substance Center (HSC), a
      division of the Pittsburgh Poison Center, was created to develop and implement
      programs to enable the business community to comply with the requirements of WRTK
      legislation. Specifically, the HSC provides the client with a 24-hour toxicology
      resource which objectively assists employees in the interpretation of the health
      related effects information on material safety data sheets (MSDS) and assists
      them and medical professionals in the management of acute and chronic exposures.
      A variety of online databases and reference materials are utilized to respond to
      these inquiries. Each case is documented using the AAPCC Report Form. Data is
      analyzed to identify trends which can be used to assist the client in complying
      with the educational component. The HSC also provides a labeling program to the
      client to identify and classify hazardous substances. The service is provided for
      an annual contractual fee and creates an additional source of poison center
      revenue.

PMID- 3354177
TI  - CNS depression in an infant after the ingestion of tobacco: a case report.
AB  - An 8-month-old female infant was brought in after ingesting cigarette butts. Upon
      presentation to the ED approximately 2.5 hr post-ingestion, the child was very
      lethargic and respirations were depressed. She was intubated and a NG tube was
      placed. Gastric lavage was performed, after which activated charcoal and sorbitol
      were given. Atropine was administered to treat excessive secretions. The patient
      became progressively more obtunded throughout the emergency department stay. Upon
      admission to the PICU she was minimally responsive. The urine tox screen was
      positive only for nicotine. The patient gradually improved with supportive care
      and was sent home on the third hospital day. Although the effects of Nicotine are
      well documented, few cases have been reported of severe toxicity in pediatric
      patients. We believe this to be the only reported case of severe CNS depression
      secondary to the ingestion of cigarette butts in a pediatric patient.

PMID- 3354178
TI  - Multiple vitamins and vitamins with iron: accidental poisoning in children.
AB  - To insure adequate nutrition, parents and pediatricians often advocate vitamin
      and mineral supplementation in young children. A retrospective review of 275
      pediatric cases (6 mo-6 yr) involving multiple vitamins and vitamins with iron
      was conducted. Six cases with co-ingestants were excluded. The product ingested
      was the child's own dietary supplement in 93% of the cases. Fifty-six percent
      were children's multiple vitamins and 44% were children's multiple vitamins with
      iron. Adult vitamin preparations accounted for 7% of the ingestions. The average
      amount of vitamin A ingested by history was 43,300 IU (1,500-225,000) while the
      mean ingestion of iron was 16.8 mg/kg (0.9-77.5 mg/kg). Fifty ingestions (18.2%)
      involved more than one child. The mean time since ingestion was 15.8 min (0-150
      min). Management data showed 246 (89.5%) being treated in the home setting with
      dilution (83%) or syrup of ipecac induced-emesis (10%). Medical intervention
      including emesis, serum iron/TIBC, and oral complexation was needed in 10.5% of
      the cases. The mean serum iron levels were 204.6 mcg/dl (81-414 mcg/dl). No
      patient needed admission. This review revealed 100% of patients showed no
      significant toxic effects. We conclude that early recognition and prompt
      treatment of pediatric overdoses involving multiple vitamins with and without
      iron significantly reduces morbidity.

PMID- 3354179
TI  - Myonecrosis in carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - Myonecrosis is an unusual sequelae to carbon monoxide poisoning with only 16
      cases having been reported in the English-language literature. At the University
      of Illinois Hospital, we encountered a 25-year-old fire academy student who
      presented to our Emergency Department with a carboxyhemoglobin level of 16%
      following a training exercise in a smoke-filled room. The patient was not wearing
      a self-contained breathing apparatus and his duration of exposure was 7-8 min, by
      which time he had blacked out for about 1 min. Upon arrival, the patient was
      lethargic, with a moderate inhalation burn. The patient was treated with
      hyperbaric oxygen at 2 1/2 ATA. Following 90 min of hyperbaric oxygen, slight
      flexor compartment weakness, along with tenderness of the proximal lower
      extremities was noted. CPK was elevated to 65,998 (100% mm) with urine dipstick
      being positive for blood and only occasional rbc's seen in the urine sediment.
      The patient did well with forced diuresis and alkalinization of the urine. No
      oliguria was noted and the CPK fell to 893 five days later. This is the only case
      in the English-language literature who developed myonecrosis from carbon
      monoxide, despite hyperbaric oxygen treatment. We believe that this case
      demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen cannot prevent the development of myonecrosis
      induced by carbon monoxide.

PMID- 3354180
TI  - Poison control centers and civil liability: unresolved issues with a "certified"
      twist.

PMID- 3354181
TI  - Findings of ten years of clinical drug screening.
AB  - During the years from 1977 to 1986, 21,410 specimens were collected for clinical
      drug screening from 13,589 patients. The specimens included 9,530 blood samples,
      9,184 urine samples and 2,717 samples of gastric contents. One or more drugs/drug
      metabolites were detected in 74% of the specimens. Gastric contents were positive
      most often (85%) followed by urine (79%) and blood (66%). Although the 5 most
      frequently detected drugs did not change (caffeine, ethanol, nicotine,
      salicylates and acetaminophen), the presence of cocaine, phenylpropanolamine,
      diphenhydramine and the group of cyclic antidepressants steadily increased over
      the time period. Over 200 different drugs/drug metabolites were detected in the
      drug screens, contributing a significant amount of information for the
      appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the patients for which the testing was
      requested.

PMID- 3354182
TI  - Microfiche vs. computerized Poisindex: the impact on time management.
AB  - A prospective study was conducted to compare access-to-information times using
      Poisindex on microfiche versus the computerized version. A time study was
      conducted in 2 separate phases in the Pittsburgh Poison Center by professional
      time management engineers who observed certified poison information specialists.
      The microfiche phase was completed as a portion of a more extensive time
      management study, and the phase to evaluate the computerized version was
      completed 9 months after the system had been implemented to insure standardized
      competency. Access time was defined as the length of time required for the
      initial information to appear on either the microfiche viewer or the CRT. The
      average access time for microfiche use was 37.2 sec compared to 18.0 sec for the
      computerized version, an improvement of 106%. Based upon an annual volume of
      approximately 40,000 cases, the 19.2 sec savings in access time results in a time
      savings of 213 hours per year. To generate time savings equivalent to a 0.5 FTE
      position, a reduction of 1.47 min/call in the overall processing time is
      necessary. However, the time savings may improve patient care through easier and
      more extensive access to information and may allow more time for thorough
      documentation.

PMID- 3354183
TI  - Metabolic predictors of carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 54 carbon monoxide (CO) levels greater than 10%, we
      looked for correlations with glucose, electrolytes and anion gap. Electrolytes
      and anion gap were not found to be significant. We did find, however, that 8 out
      of the 12 CO levels greater than 25 had glucose values greater than 110. We,
      therefore, conclude that if a patient presents with the appropriate history or
      signs of vague CNS symptoms and an increased blood glucose, a measurement of CO
      should be considered.

PMID- 3354184
TI  - The use of a scientific survey to direct poison center activities.
AB  - To develop a strategy for the development and implementation of future poison
      center services and prevention education activities, a telephone survey was
      conducted within the greater metropolitan region. The survey consisted of 58
      questions developed to research information in 5 broad categories of consumer
      awareness of: poisoning accidents and their sources; Mr Yuk and the poison
      center; consumer response to poisonings; and education. The questionnaire was
      pretested and then conducted by experienced interviewers. Four hundred interviews
      were conducted over 12 consecutive days between the hours of 9:00 am and 8:00 pm
      to accomodate both working men and women. Respondents with a college education
      had significantly greater awareness of the poison center and Mr Yuk. Sixteen and
      6/10 percent of the respondents had actually used the poison center. Homes with
      parents working outside of the home had a higher incidence of poisoning
      exposures. Respondents under 50 years of age had a significantly higher awareness
      of the poison center than those older than 50 (48% vs 27%). Furthermore, more
      respondents living in households of four or more knew about the poison center
      compared to smaller households (50% vs 36%). Only 5.5% of the respondents used
      the Mr Yuk sticker to obtain the telephone number of the poison center. Awareness
      of the poison center was 89.8%.

PMID- 3354185
TI  - Clinical toxicology literature: where is it?
AB  - Acquiring and continuously updating current literature from medical journals for
      a poison information center's (PIC) reference file is an essential, but difficult
      and expensive, task. Due to budgetary concerns and limited space, it is not
      feasible to purchase and store a large number of periodicals at a PIC. To
      determine, for acquisition purposes, which journals provide the largest number of
      clinical toxicology manuscripts, an extensive review of non-toxicology journals
      specializing in emergency medicine, pediatrics, pharmacology, and general
      medicine was conducted. Twelve issues of each journal were evaluated to identify
      citations pertaining to clinical toxicology (original research, reviews, case
      reports, letters, abstracts, editorials). One hundred seventy-four citations were
      identified. Emergency medicine journals accounted for 63% of the clinical
      toxicology citations, general medicine 18%, pediatrics 12%, pharmacology 5%, and
      miscellaneous 2%. Review articles and case reports comprised the majority of
      citations followed by original research, and letters to the editor. Forty percent
      of the citations were in Annals of Emergency Medicine, 22% in the American
      Journal of Emergency Medicine, and 7% in the American Journal of Medicine. Only a
      limited number of non-toxicology medical journals have a sufficient number of
      clinical toxicology citations in them to justify their purchase for a PIC.

PMID- 3354186
TI  - Analysis of sexual disparity of violent behavior in PCP intoxication.
AB  - We performed a retrospective chart analysis of 33 patients with an Emergency
      Department discharge diagnosis of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. All 33 cases
      presented to the Emergency Department between November 1986 and April 1987.
      Thirty of the 33 patients (91%) were classified as mildly intoxicated (per
      clinical syndrome as described by Aronow and Done) while the remaining 3 patients
      (9%) were moderately intoxicated. Two of the patients (6%) required
      benzodiazepine therapy for agitation while an additional 3 patients (9%) required
      haloperidol for psychotic symptoms. Twenty-three patients (70%) did not require
      any medication. Of particular interest was our finding that 11 of the 27 males
      (41%) required leather restraints for agitation or violent behavior while none of
      the 6 female patients required leather restraints (Fisher's exact test, p =
      0.00078). While nursing perception of physical strength may be a confounder,
      level of agitation and violent behavior is our primary indication for use of
      restraints. We believe that there is a sexual disparity in level of agitation and
      violent behavior induced by PCP. We hypothesize that this may be due to
      pharmacokinetic factors (such as difference in body fat distribution between the
      sexes) or biological differences in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3354187
TI  - Quality assurance: how it can help a poison information center.
AB  - Quality assurance (QA) has become a benchmark program for health care in the
      1980's. We have developed and implemented an innovative poison information center
      (PIC) QA program which includes: a peer review system of the PIC's medical
      records; a detailed routing system of medical records that allows for immediate
      access to cases involving business and industry accounts, on-going research,
      hospitalization, etc; and a standardized list of abbreviations for documentation
      of PIC medical records. The program additionally provides secondary gains of
      improving internal communications between the PIC staff and provides an excellent
      source of professional continuing education relative to poison management. QA is
      an essential program for all PIC's.

PMID- 3354188
TI  - Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with diphenhydramine.
AB  - A case report of a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome is described. Of
      note is the fact that both central and peripheral manifestations of the syndrome
      responded to diphenhydramine and suportive therapy alone. A brief review of
      therapy is also discussed.

PMID- 3354189
TI  - An outbreak of disease due to a spill of cresylic acid, methylene chloride, and
      phenol among scores of postal workers at a mail processing facility at
      Springfield, Oregon.

PMID- 3354190
TI  - The effects of penicillin and cephalosporin ingestions in children less than six
      years of age.
AB  - Oral antibiotic ingestions account for 1-2% of all pediatric exposures reported
      to regional poison information centers. The majority of these pediatric exposures
      involve the ingestion of penicillin or cephalosporin derivatives. How much can be
      ingested before gastric emptying is necessary is a controversial issue in the
      management of these cases. A study was designed to determine if children less
      than 6 years of age could safely ingest a maximum of 250 mg/kg of a penicillin or
      cephalosporin derivative without significant adverse effects. Sixty-one cases
      were prospectively collected. The average antibiotic amount ingested was 113.3
      mg/kg (17.8-250.0 mg/kg). Each patient was evaluated for symptoms at the time of
      the initial call and at 6-12 degrees, 24 degrees, 48 degrees, and 72 degrees.
      Eighty-four percent of the children remained asymptomatic during the evaluation
      period. Eight of 13 symptomatic patients developed 1 or 2 episodes of diarrhea; 2
      developed a rash. Amoxicillin suspension was involved in 70% of the cases,
      followed by cefachlor suspension 11%, and amoxicillin tablets 5%. Liquid
      preparations accounted for 90% of the cases and solid dosage forms, the
      remainder. The data strongly suggests that ingestions of less than 250 mg/kg of
      these products are not associated with significant outcomes and do not require
      gastric emptying.

PMID- 3354191
TI  - Acute intoxications during work.
AB  - Information on acute intoxications during work in the Netherlands has been
      gathered from 4 sources during a 1-year period: 1. The registration of
      occupational accidents of the Directorate-General of Labour, by reviewing reports
      on accidents involving chemicals; 2. The Netherlands Poison Control Centre of the
      National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, by tracing back
      consulting physicians; 3. The Dutch Centre for Health Care Information, by
      searching their data base for hospital admissions with relevant admission
      diagnoses and 4. A large Occupational Health Service, which for this purpose
      recorded incident cases in the population under care. During the period of
      investigation 5 deaths were reported: 1 case of hydrogen cyanide intoxication, 1
      case of carbon dioxide intoxication, and 3 cases of hydrogen sulfide intoxication
      in combination with oxygen deficiency (nearby a liquid manure tank). At least 690
      (supposed) acute intoxications during work occurred, which in 84 cases resulted
      in hospital admission. The total number of hospital admissions for supposed
      unintentional acute intoxications by chemicals, usually encountered in
      workplaces, in the Netherlands in 1984 was at least 477. Substances most often
      involved belonged to the groups of pesticides, lung and/or skin irritant
      liquids/vapors/gases and asphyxiants. The working branches most often involved
      were agriculture and market gardening sectors, (chemical) industries, repair and
      retail trade and some governmental services (police, fire brigade, defense
      personnel). The results show considerable underreporting in official statistics
      on acute intoxications during work.

PMID- 3354192
TI  - Etiological agents of bovine mastitis.
AB  - A total of 137 microbial species, subspecies and serovars have been isolated from
      the bovine mammary gland. Nucleic acid hybridization studies have restructured
      the classification of many mastitis pathogens. Availability of defined species
      descriptions has permitted greater insight into the distribution and
      pathogenicity of many previously unrecognized microorganisms associated with
      bovine mastitis. Precise epidemiological studies are needed to better delineate
      the role of some microorganisms in bovine mastitis and to aid development of
      improved control methods.

PMID- 3354193
TI  - Protective effect of glucan against experimentally induced staphylococcal
      mastitis in ewes.
AB  - Glucan, an immunostimulant, was evaluated for its ability to modify a
      staphylococcal mammary challenge in ewes. Glucan was administered subcutaneously
      to ewes prior to lactation or during lactation, and all ewes, including a control
      group, were subsequently challenged intramammarily with Staphylococcus
      haemolyticus 40 days after the mean lambing date. The glucan treatment was shown
      to modify the staphylococcal mammary infection as the milk bacterial counts from
      all of the glucan-treated groups were significantly reduced compared to controls.
      For the glucan-treated groups, the highest mean somatic cell counts were recorded
      1 day post-challenge, while for the control group, the mean cell count rose more
      gradually to peak by 3 days post-challenge. Glucan did not increase serum
      lysozyme levels or blood neutrophil bactericidal activity. However, there was a
      negative correlation between the bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils
      collected from the glucan-treated ewes prior to challenge and their mean milk
      bacterial counts post-challenge. Glucan was observed to stimulate ovine mammary
      macrophages in vitro, while the addition of zymosan or opsonised killed
      Staphylococcus aureus to macrophage cultures had no effect. These studies
      indicate that, in sheep, glucan can enhance some elements of the immune system
      against staphylococcal infections.

PMID- 3354194
TI  - Colony morphology of Staphylococcus aureus in serum-soft agar following in vivo
      and in vitro growth.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cases of mastitis in ruminants were grown in
      vitro and in vivo and subsequently examined for expression of diffuse colony
      morphology in serum-soft agar. Growth in the bovine mammary gland, but not in the
      ovine mammary gland or ovine peritoneal cavity, resulted in subsequent expression
      of diffuse colony morphology.

PMID- 3354195
TI  - Latent infection with feline syncytial virus of cell cultures prepared from the
      kidneys of new-born kittens.
AB  - Feline syncytial virus infection was detected in 4 out of 30 secondary or
      tertiary cultures of kidney cells from new-born kittens. Such infection was not
      detected in any primary cell culture. The syncytia-forming virus was readily
      transmissible by infected cells. One strain was transmissible to heterologous
      (bovine and canine) secondary cells, but did not infect MDBK and PK-15 cell
      lines. Based on biochemical, untrastructural and serological characteristics, the
      virus was designated a member of the subfamily Spumavirinae of the family
      Retroviridae. As endogenous infection of primary cell cultures may not be
      detectable by cytopathic effect, it is suggested that only well-controlled
      secondary cat cells or cell lines should be used in work with feline viruses.

PMID- 3354196
TI  - Analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in rinderpest virus-infected cells.
AB  - We have identified, by [35S]methionine labeling, eight major induced proteins and
      a number of minor proteins in rinderpest virus-infected bovine kidney cells. The
      polypeptides ranged in molecular weight from 212 to 21.5 kDa. The majority of
      these polypeptides are virus specific, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation
      with rabbit hyperimmune serum against rinderpest. Infected cells radiolabeled
      with glucosamine contained a 75-kDa polypeptide and a broad band migrating at 80
      kDa, both identified as virus specific by immunoprecipitation. Phosphorylated
      virus-specific proteins of 65 kDa and a complex of polypeptides at 92.5 kDa were
      also identified. Monospecific and monoclonal antibodies against measles virus and
      canine distemper virus hemagglutinin, fusion protein, nucleocapsid protein, and
      phosphoproteins confirmed the identity of the corresponding rinderpest virus
      specific polypeptides.

PMID- 3354198
TI  - Cucumber mosaic virus-associated RNA 5. XI. Comparison of 14 CARNA 5 variants
      relates ability to induce tomato necrosis to a conserved nucleotide sequence.
AB  - Seven CARNA 5 (Cucumber mosaic virus-Associated RNA 5) variants were obtained
      from an Indonesian cucumber mosaic virus isolate (designated CMV-In) by serial
      passage of this virus in squash, Chenopodium quinoa, tobacco, and tomato.
      Bioassays of the isolated CARNA 5 variants for their capability to induce lethal
      necrosis in tomato allowed categorization of the CARNA 5 variants as either
      necrogenic or nonnecrogenic. Comparison of the CARNA 5 sequences with sequences
      previously published shows that in general CMV satellites display a high degree
      of nucleotide sequence conservation. Except for two sharply defined domains of
      variability, the sequences of the necrogenic CARNA 5s are essentially conserved,
      whereas those of the nonnecrogenic CARNA 5s possess at least nine additional
      hypervariable domains. In eight positions of the CARNA 5 sequences all necrogenic
      variants differ uniquely from those that are nonnecrogenic. All CMV satellites
      compared in this work possess open reading frames (ORFs), with equivalent
      initiation codons, capable of encoding polypeptides of significant lengths. Two
      equivalent or identical ORFs were found only in the necrogenic CARNA 5s, whereas
      a variable-length ORF was found in the sequences of all the CARNA 5 variants
      compared. These findings constitute a basis for experiments aimed at determining
      the biological significance, if any, of these ORFs.

PMID- 3354197
TI  - Formation of transmembraneous hepatitis B e-antigen by cotranslational in vitro
      processing of the viral precore protein.
AB  - The gene encoding the major core protein P22c of hepatitis B virus is preceded by
      a precore sequence. Expression of the core gene with the precore in Escherichia
      coli results in a membrane protein of HBe antigenicity. Expression in mammalian
      cells generates secreted HBeAg. To study the biosynthetic pathway of HBeAg and
      the function of precore in this process, we translated mRNAs for core proteins
      with and without precore using reticulocyte lysates and microsomal vesicles. The
      precore sequence was cleaved cotranslationally as a signal peptide, probably at
      alanine 19. The processed product P23e was partially translocated to the lumen of
      the microsomes. The arginine-rich carboxy-terminal domain of P23e was however not
      translocated and susceptible to trypsin. Clusters of positive-charged amino acids
      seem to act as a novel type of translocation stop signal. Trypsin generated a
      P16e which no longer had a transmembraneous configuration. The findings may
      explain the biosynthesis and potential function of HBeAg in hepatitis B virus
      infected hepatocytes.

PMID- 3354199
TI  - Site-directed mutagenesis of potential protein-coding regions in expressible
      cloned cDNAs of cucumber mosaic viral satellites.
AB  - Site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter potential protein-coding regions
      (open reading frames or ORFs) within the cloned, expressible cDNAs of two
      satellites of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), S-CARNA 5 and D-CARNA 5. RNA
      transcripts synthesized in vitro from the mutant and wild-type satellite cDNAs
      were tested for biological activity on tomato plants by coinfection with CMV RNAs
      1, 2, and 3, and progeny CARNA 5s generated from such transcripts were isolated
      and sequenced. Two mutants of S-CARNA 5 were constructed in attempts to test
      whether the ORF (ORF IIB, beginning at nucleotide 135) responsible for synthesis
      in vitro of two small proteins (M. J. Avila-Rincon, C. W. Collmer, and J. M.
      Kaper (1986). Virology 152, 455-458) could be eliminated without loss of the
      satellite's biological activity. Biological tests with mutant transcripts that
      either lacked the AUG initiation codon or contained a premature translation
      termination codon were foiled by instability and/or reversion in the progeny.
      With progeny CARNA 5 of the former mutant, one of two altered nucleotides
      reverted, thus restoring the AUG but not the nucleotide immediately preceding it.
      In contrast, a mutation in the necrogenic D-CARNA 5 which altered the initiation
      codon of ORF I (nucleotides 11-94), whose predicted amino acid sequence is
      conserved in all necrogenic CMV satellites sequenced to date, was stable in
      biological testing and did not destroy necrogenicity. This was shown by
      nucleotide sequencing of the progeny CARNA 5 from necrotic test plants and by its
      direct comparison with wild-type D-CARNA 5 progeny in a tomato necrosis dilution
      assay. This experiment provides convincing evidence that a possible protein
      product of ORF I is not involved in the induction of tomato necrosis by D-CARNA
      5.

PMID- 3354200
TI  - Flanders virus replication and protein synthesis.
AB  - The prototype strain of Flanders virus (61-7484) has been adapted to grow in Vero
      cell cultures and a plaque assay has been developed. Electron micrographs of
      infected cells revealed rod-shaped virions budding in clusters from the plasma
      membrane, consistent with the tentative classification of Flanders virus as a
      member of the Rhabdoviridae. Viral proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE and
      immunological techniques using Flanders virus-specific antibodies. Eight virus
      associated proteins were detected. The relative molecular weights obtained by SDS
      PAGE were 180,000, 81,000, 54,000, 43,000, 33,000, 27,000, 23,000, and 19,000.
      Evidence is presented that two of these proteins (43,000 and 23,000 mol wt) are
      in vivo cleavage products. The 81,000 mol wt protein was glycosylated and
      phosphorylated and did not label well with [35S]methionine or 14C-amino acids.
      The 54,000 and 33,000 mol wt proteins were phosphorylated. When 35S-radiolabeled
      virus was purified by pelleting at 90,000 g followed by isopycnic sucrose
      gradient centrifugation, all eight virus proteins were present in the peak
      fractions which contained the radiolabel and infectivity.

PMID- 3354201
TI  - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in two morphologically different white
      clover cryptic viruses.
AB  - RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities were detected in purified particles of
      white clover cryptic viruses 1 and 2. The polymerases of the two viruses had
      different requirements for optimum activity. Enzyme activity was dependent upon
      the presence of virus particles, Mg2+, and the four ribonucleoside triphosphates,
      and was insensitive to actinomycin D, alpha-amanitin, and rifampicin. The labeled
      reaction products were dsRNAs as indicated by CF 11 column chromatography and by
      their ionic-strength-dependent sensitivity to hydrolysis by RNase A and
      resistance to S1 nuclease. The dsRNAs synthesized in vitro had the same
      electrophoretic mobilities as the corresponding viral templates.

PMID- 3354202
TI  - Sequence comparison of wild-type and cold-adapted B/Ann Arbor/1/66 influenza
      virus genes.
AB  - Consensus sequences for both wt and ca B/Ann Arbor/1/66 viral PB2, PB1, PA, NP,
      M, and NS genes were directly determined from vRNA using a combination of
      chemical and chain-termination sequencing methods. There were 105 sites of
      difference between the wt and ca sets of these six RNA genes. The differences
      resulted in 26 amino acid substitutions distributed over the six proteins. The
      sequence changes were compared to the sequences of other known influenza type B
      wt viruses to pinpoint those changes that were unique to the ca B/ann Arbor/1/66
      virus. Of the 26 amino acid differences, only 11 were unique to the cold-adapted
      virus. These unique sites were distributed among five of the six genes. The NS
      protein had no amino acid substitutions. The sequence changes are discussed in
      terms of their probable mode of origin and selection, and in terms of their
      importance to the cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive, and attenuation phenotypes
      of ca B/AA/1/66 virus. The sequence and organization of the PB2 gene and
      predicted protein are also given. The PB2 gene was 2396 nucleotides long, and it
      encoded a predicted protein of 770 amino acids with a molecular weight of 88,035
      Da for the wt virus and 88,072 Da for the ca virus. Both proteins were
      predominantly hydrophilic, and each had an overall charge of +24.5 at pH 7.0.

PMID- 3354203
TI  - A mutation in the PA protein gene of cold-adapted B/Ann Arbor/1/66 influenza
      virus associated with reversion of temperature sensitivity and attenuated
      virulence.
AB  - Reassortant SG3 inherits only the acidic polymerase (PA) protein gene from the
      cold-adapted B/AA/1/66 influenza virus (ca B/AA/1/66) and all remaining genes
      from a virulent, wild-type virus. This reassortant demonstrates attenuated
      virulence in ferrets and expresses a ts phenotype characteristic of the ca
      parent. During virulence evaluation of SG3, a virulent, non-ts revertant virus
      (designated SG3rFL) was isolated from the lungs of one ferret. In order to
      determine whether the reversion of SG3 resulted from mutation of the PA gene
      and/or as the result of extragenic supressor mutations, the revertant PA gene of
      SG3rFL was transferred to a reassortant (SG3r) inheriting only the revertant PA
      gene from SG3rFL and all remaining genes from SG3. Reassortant SG3r was non-ts
      and virulent, indicating that mutation of the PA gene was sufficient for the
      reversion of the ts and attenuation phenotypes expressed by SG3rFL. The
      nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the SG3rFL PA gene were
      determined and compared to those of wt and ca B/AA/1/66. The predicted PA
      proteins of wt and ca B/AA/1/66 are known to differ by six amino acid
      substitutions including a valine to methionine substitution at residue 431. The
      PA proteins of ca B/AA/1/66 and SG3rFL were distinguished by only the single
      amino acid substitution of methionine to isoluecine also occurring at residue
      431. Thus, the methionine residue was implicated in the attenuation of ca
      B/AA/1/66 and its reassortants. The hydropathic properties of valine, isoleucine,
      and methionine suggested that reversion involved the restoration of hydrophobic
      character at this site.

PMID- 3354204
TI  - Cauliflower mosaic virus gene I product detected in a cell-wall-enriched
      fraction.
AB  - Gene I product of cauliflower mosaic virus was immunodetected in a cell-wall
      enriched fraction from infected turnip leaves in addition to its detection in
      viroplasms and replication complexes. The immunoreaction was carried out with an
      antiserum raised against a 15 amino acid long synthetic peptide corresponding to
      the carboxy-terminus of potential gene I protein (P1). The presence of P1 in
      different subcellular fractions was investigated as a function of time during
      viral multiplication. At late infection times, P1 was found only in the cell-wall
      enriched fraction.

PMID- 3354205
TI  - Interference between coinoculated viroids.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to seek evidence of an interaction between two
      viroid RNAs introduced to tomato plants in the same inoculum. At the level of
      symptom expression, the severe isolate of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV)
      dominated the mild isolate. Seventy-five percent of the plants inoculated with a
      100-fold excess of the mild isolate developed unattenuated symptoms of severe
      disease. Other experiments revealed that infectious RNA molecules transcribed
      from cloned DNA templates containing PSTV sequences reduced the level of hop
      stunt viroid (HSV) RNA present in nucleic acid extracts of plants which had been
      inoculated with a mixture of dimeric plus-strand transcripts of these two
      viroids. Plants inoculated with dual transcripts--containing two copies of PSTV
      linked to two copies of HSV--developed characteristic symptoms of severe PSTV.
      Dot hybridization demonstrated that only PSTV replicated to detectable levels in
      these plants. A likely interpretation of these results is that the HSV portion of
      the dual transcripts failed to replicate because of interference from PSTV. These
      results raise questions about how the process of viroid replication is related to
      symptom expression, and lead to suggested models for the effect of viroid-like
      RNAs in cells under both normal and pathogenic circumstances.

PMID- 3354206
TI  - Expression of alfalfa mosaic virus cDNA1 and 2 in transgenic tobacco plants.
AB  - Chimeric genes composed of DNA complementary to alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) RNAs
      1 or 2, the CaMV 35 S promoter, and the nos polyadenylation signal were
      transferred to the genome of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN by means of the
      Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system. Transformants contained intact
      copies of the viral genes and accumulated transcripts of approximately the size
      predicted from the cloning procedure. Using antisera raised against synthetic
      peptides corresponding to the C-terminal parts of AIMV P1 and P2, it was not
      possible to detect viral translation products in the transformants. However,
      transgenic protoplasts containing cDNA1 were able to complement an infection by
      the AIMV nucleoproteins containing RNAs 2 and 3, indicating that biologically
      active P1 accumulates in these protoplasts. Upon inoculation with AIMV strains
      425 or YSMV, the cDNA1- and cDNA2-transformed plants became infected to a level
      similar to that of nontransformed or vector-transformed control plants.

PMID- 3354207
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the M2 gene segment of reovirus type 3 dearing
      and analysis of its protein product mu 1.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the M2 gene segment of the mammalian reovirus
      prototype strain, type 3 Dearing, was determined from a cloned full-length cDNA
      copy of the viral double-stranded RNA segment. The gene comprises 2203
      nucleotides and has a single long open reading frame that spans bases 30 through
      2154 and encodes the 708 amino acid outer capsid protein mu 1. Aminoterminal
      sequence analysis of mu 1C, the proteolytically cleaved form of mu 1 that is
      found in purified reovirions, has identified the site of mu 1 to mu 1C cleavage
      between residues 42 and 43 in the mu 1 sequence. Aminoterminal sequence analysis
      of delta, the proteolytically cleaved product of mu 1C that is found in
      chymotrypsin-generated intermediate subviral particles, has indicated that the mu
      1C to delta cleavage occurs near the carboxyterminus of mu 1C. Lastly,
      stoichiometric determinations using new sequence information have suggested that
      approximately equimolar amounts of mu 1C and the other major outer capsid
      component sigma 3 are present in virions. The data presented in this study should
      be useful for understanding the molecular basis of the functions of the mu 1
      protein in reovirus entry into cells and in pathogenesis in the host animal.

PMID- 3354208
TI  - Evolution of reovirus genes: a comparison of serotype 1, 2, and 3 M2 genome
      segments, which encode the major structural capsid protein mu 1C.
AB  - The sequences of the M2 genome segments of reovirus serotypes 1 and 2 are
      presented and compared with that of the cognate genome segment of reovirus
      serotype 3. Genome segment M2 encodes protein mu 1, a cleavage product of which,
      mu 1C, is the major constituent of reovirus particles. The three M2 genome
      segments exhibit a serotype 1:3 relatedness pattern: the serotype 1 and 3, 1 and
      2, and 2 and 3 genome segment pairs exhibit 15, 23, and 23% nucleotide
      mismatches, respectively. The vast majority of these mismatches (about 87%) occur
      in third base codon positions that do not cause amino acid changes; as a result
      the three mu 1 proteins are very highly related (about 97%). The mu 1 proteins
      are acidic proteins, low in cysteine, histidine, and methionine, and rich in
      proline; and they possess a rather low predicted alpha-helix content of 27%. The
      site where protein mu 1 is cleaved to mu 1C is predicted to be between residues
      42 and 43 in a highly conserved portion of the molecule. The three M2 genome
      segments are related significantly more closely than the three S3 genome
      segments, and much more closely than the three S1 genome segments. We have
      analyzed the evolutionary divergence patterns of these three genome segments. The
      rate of mismatch accumulation in third base codon positions is roughly the same
      for all three genome segments, but the rates of mismatch accumulations in first,
      and particularly in second, base codon positions are quite different. For the S1
      genome segments there is little difference between the rates of mismatch
      accumulations in all three codon positions, which indicates that retention of
      function is compatible with very extensive structural flexibility. By contrast,
      the rates of mismatch accumulations in first and second base codon positions are
      far less for the S3 genome segments, which encode the nonstructural protein sigma
      NS, and much lower still for the M2 genome segments, which suggests the existence
      of very stringent structural constraints for protein mu 1C, which might be
      expected of a protein that is a capsomer component.

PMID- 3354209
TI  - Transient expression and sequence of the matrix (M1) gene of WSN influenza A
      virus in a vaccinia vector.
AB  - A cDNA encoding the entire amino acid sequence of the matrix (M1) protein of
      influenza A/WSN/33 virus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in a vaccinia virus
      system consisting of the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase and a plasmid carrying
      the M1 gene flanked by T7 polymerase promoter and terminator sequences. The
      transiently expressed M1 gene product comigrated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels with
      the endogenous WSN virus M1 protein and was recognized in Western blot analysis
      by three epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies directed to the M1 protein. The
      nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the cloned WSN virus
      M1 coding region was found to be more than 97% homologous to that of the M1 gene
      of influenza virus A/PR/8/34 reported by G. Winter and S. Fields (Nucleic Acids
      Res. 8, 1965-1974, 1980).

PMID- 3354210
TI  - Mapping of the tobacco vein mottling virus VPg cistron.
AB  - The location of the cistron encoding the genome-linked protein (VPg) in the
      potyvirus tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) was investigated. Precipitation of
      125I-labeled VPg with anti-tobacco etch virus 49K nuclear inclusion protein
      antiserum (which reacts with the NIa nuclear inclusion protein of TVMV) indicated
      that the TVMV VPg is immunologically related to NIa. Lysyl residues were found to
      be present at positions 2, 11, and 16 of the amino-terminal region of the VPg. A
      search of the TVMV polyprotein sequence for this distribution of lysyl residues
      revealed a unique location beginning at amino acid residue 1801, the proposed
      amino-terminus of the NIa protein.

PMID- 3354211
TI  - Biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides: effect of point mutation of the
      sequences flanking the 5'-proximal AUG initiator codons of the reovirus S1 and S4
      genes on the efficiency of mRNA translation.
AB  - The effect on translation of site-directed nucleotide substitutions around the 5'
      proximal AUG initiation codon of the reovirus s1 mRNA specifying polypeptide
      sigma 1 and the reovirus s4 mRNA specifying polypeptide sigma 3 was examined. The
      efficiency of synthesis of the S1-encoded sigma 1 polypeptide and the S4-encoded
      sigma 3 polypeptide was analyzed in transfected simian COS cells. Mutant s1 mRNAs
      possessing either GCU AUG G or GCA AUG G sequences surrounding the 5'-proximal
      sigma 1 AUG were translated with an efficiency comparable to that of the wild
      type s1 mRNA which possesses the flanking sequence CCU AUG G. Mutant s4 mRNAs
      possessing either CCU AUG G or CCA AUG G sequences surrounding the 5'-proximal
      sigma 3 AUG were translated with an efficiency comparable to that of wild-type s4
      mRNA which possesses the flanking sequence GCA AUG G. The s4 mRNAs, both wild
      type and mutant, were translated in vivo about five times more efficiently than
      the s1 mRNAs, both wild-type and mutant. These results suggest that nucleotide
      positions other than the -3, -2, -1, and +4 positions relative to the 5'-proximal
      initiator AUG, where the A is +1, play a dominant role in determining the
      efficiency of translation of these two reovirus mRNAs in vivo.

PMID- 3354212
TI  - [Pericardial exudates after heart operations].

PMID- 3354213
TI  - [Recurrent ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarct: characteristics of
      the patients].

PMID- 3354214
TI  - [Combinations of anti-arrhythmia agents and the heart conduction system].

PMID- 3354215
TI  - [Antibodies against thyroglobulin and microsomal antigens in thyropathies].

PMID- 3354216
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin--diagnosis and study of 33 patients].

PMID- 3354217
TI  - [Dimethylsulfoxide in the cryopreservation of blood platelets].

PMID- 3354218
TI  - [Results of chronic hemodialysis treatment in patients with diabetic
      nephropathy].
AB  - In order to evaluate the differences in morbidity and mortality of diabetics on
      haemodialysis (HD), data on 12 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 14 non
      diabetic patients have been analyzed retrospectively since 1982. The groups were
      matched for sex, age and duration of HD. We analyzed the differences in survival
      rate, the number of hospitalization days and the causes of death. Values of BUN,
      creatinine, calcium, phosphate, cholesterol and triglycerides, alkaline
      phosphatase, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin were compared throughout the
      dialysis period. No significant differences occurred between the two groups as
      regards blood chemistry values (except for creatinine) throughout the observation
      period. The number of hospitalization days per month of dialysis was
      significantly different: 1.8 days in diabetic versus 0.9 days in non-diabetic
      patients (p less than 0.005). This difference is due to a higher rate of vascular
      access complications and infections. The 3-year survival rate on HD was 73% in
      type I diabetics (controls 93%), while none of the type II diabetics survived for
      more than 24 months on HD. The most common causes of death in the diabetic
      patients were cardiovascular (44%) and septic (44%) complications, followed by
      cerebrovascular problems (12%). We conclude from our study that the reason for
      the poor prognosis of diabetic patients on HD is not lack of efficiency of the
      procedure, but progression of the multisystemic diabetic condition.

PMID- 3354219
TI  - [Variability of arrhythmias and symptoms--their effect on long-term ECG
      analysis].
AB  - The variability of variables influences conclusions in the measurement of
      biologic variables particularly if the variability of methodological variables
      are unidentified or of unknown range. Therefore prior the interpretation of
      Holter-results the interobserver variability of measured parameters (e. g.
      arrhythmias) and the system-dependent variables (e. g. reproducibility) have to
      be recognized. Measuring biologic variables like arrhythmias or symptoms using
      the Holter method the spontaneous variability of infrequent occurring phenomena
      has to be taken into account and also their relationship to the recording
      duration: Infrequent occurring phenomena demonstrate an enormous variability,
      which could be reduced by lengthening the recording duration beyond 24 hours,
      especially in the evaluation of an antiarrhythmic therapy to avoid a mimicked
      therapeutic effect. In symptomatic patients their symptoms can be related to
      arrhythmias or not if an ECG will be recorded during a typical symptomatic
      period. This depends on the frequency and on the duration of the symptoms, so
      that other methods than Holter-monitoring should be considered like event
      recording, ECG-telephone-telemetry or electrophysiological investigations. In
      summary the variability of phenomena captured by the Holter method (e. g.
      arrhythmias, symptoms) is a major factor, which has to be taken into account to
      avoid unsatisfactorial use of the Holter method.

PMID- 3354220
TI  - [Long-term ECG as a decision aid in indications for a permanent pacemaker].
AB  - Holter-monitoring is an excellent tool for diagnosing temporary rhythm
      disturbances especially as regards brady- and tachycardias which may benefit from
      pacemaker-implantation. In bradycardias AV-blocks of 2nd and 3rd degree which
      occur only temporarily as well as bi- and trifasciculate blocks with occasional
      bradycardias can be analysed by Holter-monitoring. The type of pace-maker can be
      determined more easily by knowing whether there is temporary atrial flutter or
      fibrillation since DDD-pacers are not indicated in such cases. In tachycardias
      Holter-monitoring is also very helpful especially in detecting premonotory
      extrasystoles which occur occasional or in couplets or triplets or with an R- or
      T-phenomenon. Early treatment with antiarrhythmics eventually combined with a
      pacemaker can give good results for the patient. In some cases an external pacer
      combined with antiarrhythmics can be used as a test before permanent implantation
      will be performed. Also the type of antitachycardia-pacers can be determined more
      easily by knowing the results of Holter-monitoring.

PMID- 3354221
TI  - [Monitoring of pacemaker patients by long-term ECG].
AB  - Long-term-ECG is an essential method for detecting transitory pacemaker
      dysfunctions. Control of antitachycardia-pacemakers is possible as well as VVI
      pacemakers and with restrictions DVI-, VDD- and DDD-pacers. Special pacemaker
      control-modules increase the sensitivity for the recognition of dysfunctions.
      Regular check-ups are an important part of guiding the pacemaker-patient.

PMID- 3354222
TI  - [ST segment changes in long-term stored ECG].
AB  - The diagnostic value of ST-changes in the ECG in temporary myocardial ischemia is
      described: the importance of detecting "silent" ischemia is stressed. Methods for
      long-time-ECG-recordings are frequency- as well as amplitude-modulations.

PMID- 3354223
TI  - [Value of indirect 24-hour blood pressure determination and blood pressure self
      control for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension].
AB  - For judgement of hypertension 24-hours-blood pressure readings and self recorded
      blood pressures are new, more sensitive techniques which help us to recognize
      patients with elevated cuff blood pressures who do not need drug-treatment.
      Furthermore these techniques help us to select those patients who are in need of
      treatment as well as to adjust the treatment more adequately to the patients real
      blood pressure. These new tools in judgement and treatment of hypertension help
      us to treat our patients with more safety and less side effects. Therefore we
      should force this new way of hypertension judgement.

PMID- 3354224
TI  - [Value of 24-hour long-term pH monitoring with computer-assisted evaluation in
      gastroesophageal reflux disease].
AB  - There are a variety of diagnostic procedures in use to confirm the diagnosis
      gastroesophageal reflux (reflux-esophagitis, GER). The accuracy of the described
      methods are different. Computerized 24 hours long term pH monitoring has
      established to be a very reliable procedure in the diagnosis of GER. From 1984 to
      1986 134 patients underwent 24 hours pH monitoring besides X-ray, scintiscan, and
      esophageal-manometry. The combination of manometry and 24 hours pH monitoring has
      given the biggest insight into the pathogenesis of GER and seems to be
      undispensable for specific therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 3354225
TI  - Inhibition of nasal and liver cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases by dioxolanes.
AB  - 1. A series of six alkyl-substituted dioxolanes were studied for their inhibitory
      effects on mono-oxygenase activities in vitro with nasal and hepatic microsomes
      from rats and rabbits. 2. Carbon monoxide binding and hexamethylphosphoramide
      (HMPA) N-demethylase activity were most susceptible to inhibition by the test
      compounds. 3. Inhibition of HMPA N-demethylase activity in both nasal and liver
      microsomes increased with lipophilicity of the inhibiting compound. In olfactory
      mucosa, the bulk of the substituent at the 4-position also seemed to have an
      effect on inhibition. 4. Mono-oxygenase activity in the nasal mucosa was
      inhibited more readily than that in the liver.

PMID- 3354226
TI  - The clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the analgesic meptazinol.
AB  - 1. The analgesic drug meptazinol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral,
      intramuscular (i.m.) and rectal dosage. However, the absolute bioavailability of
      the drug following oral dosage is low (4.5-8.7%). Rectal administration leads to
      a higher bioavailability (15.5%) while after i.m. dosage the drug is totally
      systemically available. 2. Meptazinol is widely distributed outside the
      vasculature (Vd*area 5.9 l/kg) partly due to the low degree of binding to plasma
      proteins (27% bound) and also the relatively high lipophilicity of the unionized
      species (log P = 2.7). 3. Elimination of the drug from plasma proceeds rapidly
      (t1/2 2 h) largely as the result of glucuronidation and sulphation of the
      phenolic function in the molecule. The major route of excretion is via the urine,
      greater than 70% of the dose appearing in the 0-24 h urine collection almost
      entirely as conjugated metabolites. 4. After multiple dosing, orally or
      parenterally, there is no accumulation above that predicted from single dose
      kinetics. 5. The pharmacokinetics of the drug are generally unaltered by age
      (neonates to geriatrics) and pregnancy. Renal disease also has no effect in this
      respect, although cirrhotic liver disease results in up to a 4-fold increase in
      oral bioavailability. 6. Only limited data are available on the pharmacokinetics
      of meptazinol when given with other drugs. Alcohol appears to have no effect,
      while general anaesthesia appears to reduce clearance of the drug.

PMID- 3354227
TI  - Substrate specificity for formation of cholesterol ester conjugates from
      fenvalerate analogues and for granuloma formation.
AB  - 1. The substrate specificity of microsomal carboxyesterase(s) responsible for the
      formation of cholesteryl [2R]-2-(4-chlorophenyl) isovalerate from fenvalerate was
      investigated by incubating mouse kidney microsomes with 14C-cholesterol and the
      following substrates: fenvalerate isomers, fenvalerate analogues, other
      pyrethroids, methoprene and cycloprate analogues. Among the four isomers of
      fenvalerate, only the [2R, alpha S]-isomer yielded a cholesterol ester, being
      identical with the result obtained in the in vivo study. Some fenvalerate
      analogues produced cholesterol ester conjugates, but no other pyrethroids nor
      methoprene produced such conjugates. Some cycloprate analogues gave the
      corresponding cholesterol ester, the yields of which were dependent on their
      carbon-chain lengths. 2. Cholesterol ester formation in vitro from these
      fenvalerate analogues was well correlated with granuloma formation observed when
      the analogues were given to mice at 3000 ppm for a month. 3. Steroids other than
      cholesterol were also investigated as acceptors of the acid moiety of the [2R,
      alpha S]-isomer by incubating solubilized carboxyesterase(s) with the [2R, alpha
      S]-isomer in the presence of egg lecithin and several steroids.
      Dehydroisoandrosterone and pregnenolone were found to give the corresponding
      ester conjugates.

PMID- 3354228
TI  - Differences in adipose tissue distribution of basic lipophilic drugs between
      intraperitoneal and other routes of administration.
AB  - 1. Distribution of 14C-methadone in male rats was studied after administration of
      single i.p. doses. Highest concentrations were attained after 30 min in the
      decreasing order of abdominal adipose tissues, liver, lung, other organs.
      Concentrations in abdominal adipose tissues were 20 times higher than in
      subcutaneous adipose tissue. This is in contrast with what occurs with other
      routes of administrations, where only low concentrations are attained in both
      subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissues. 2. The situation in the peritoneal
      cavity after i.p. injection was simulated in vitro by incubation of whole,
      excised abdominal adipose tissues of rats with methadone and other basic drugs
      (dibenzepine, alprenolol, opipramol, propranolol, chlorpheniramine, desipramine,
      imipramine and chlorpromazine) for 6 h at pH 7.4. These drugs were readily taken
      up (25 to 74% at equilibrium). 3. There was a positive correlation between uptake
      and lipophilicity of the drugs as measured by log P (octanol/water). Less
      lipophilic drugs such as amphetamine, morphine and chlorphentermine were not
      appreciably taken up from the incubation medium. The threshold log P-value for
      appreciable adipose tissue uptake is around 2. 4. It is concluded from these data
      and related studies that basic lipophilic drugs are not stored in adipose tissues
      in vivo, except when given via the i.p. route. In the latter case the storage
      appears to result from non-systemic, diffusional uptake from the peritoneal
      cavity.

PMID- 3354229
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, in
      mice, rats, rabbits and dogs.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics of nilvadipine in male and female rats, and in male mice,
      rabbits and dogs were studied after i.v. and oral dosing. 2. After i.v. dosing
      (0.1 mg/kg), the plasma concentrations of nilvadipine declined two- or three
      exponential with terminal half-lives of 0.73 h in mice, 1.2 h in male and female
      rats, 3.7 h in rabbits and 5.0 h in dogs. Sex difference in pharmacokinetics
      after i.v. dosing in rats was not found. The systemic plasma clearance was in the
      order of mice greater than rats greater than rabbits greater than dogs, and
      nearly equalled the hepatic blood flow in each species. The volume of
      distribution at steady-state was high (greater than 4 L/kg) in all species. 3.
      After oral dosing, plasma concentrations of nilvadipine peaked within 1 h in all
      species except for middle and higher doses (4 and 16 mg/kg) in dogs. The area
      under the plasma concentration-time curves in male rats (3.2-100 mg/kg) and dogs
      (1-16 mg/kg) increased in proportion to the dose. Bioavailability was low in male
      rats (3-4%) and rabbits (2%), but in other species was 29-44%. The oral clearance
      in male rats was about 8 times higher than in female rats. 4. The free fraction
      of nilvadipine in plasma was 1.94% in mice, 1.89% in rabbits and 0.85% in dogs,
      with no dependence on plasma concentration over a range of 10-100 ng/ml.

PMID- 3354230
TI  - Stereospecificity in the oxidation of phorate and phorate sulphoxide by purified
      FAD-containing mono-oxygenase and cytochrome P-450 isozymes.
AB  - 1. Both the cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase system and the FAD
      containing mono-oxygenase catalyse the sulphoxidation of thioether-containing
      organophosphate insecticides. Using purified FAD-containing mono-oxygenase and
      purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes isolated from mouse liver microsomes, the
      stereospecificity of the oxidation of phorate to (+)-and (-)-phorate sulphoxide
      and the further oxidations of the (+)-and (-)-phorate sulphoxides to the
      sulphone, the oxon sulphoxide and the oxon sulphone were examined. 2. The FAD
      containing mono-oxygenase catalysed the formation of (-)-phorate sulphoxide,
      while two cytochrome P-450 isozymes (cytochrome P-450-B2, a constitutive form,
      and cytochrome P-450-PB, the principal form induced by phenobarbital) produced
      (+)-phorate sulphoxide. The other three constitutive cytochrome P-450 isozymes
      examined yielded racemic mixtures. 3. The FAD-containing mono-oxygenase had the
      lowest Km for the sulphoxidation reaction, 32 microM, while the Km values for the
      cytochrome P-450 isozymes ranged from 67 microM to 250 microM. No additional
      oxidation of phorate sulphoxide by the FAD-containing monooxygenase was detected
      using either (+)-phorate sulphoxide or (-)-phorate sulphoxide as substrates. 4.
      In contrast, all five cytochrome P-450 isozymes tested formed additional
      oxidation products; the (+)-phorate sulphoxide was the preferred substrate for
      all cytochrome P-450 forms. 5. The final oxidation product, phorate oxon
      sulphone, was derived by desulphuration of phorate sulphone, with the formation
      of the oxon sulphoxide being a terminal pathway.

PMID- 3354231
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of proterguride in rat and cynomolgus monkey.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics of proterguride were studied in rat and cynomolgus monkey
      using 3H- and 14C-labelled drug and a radioimmunoassay for concentration
      measurements of unchanged drug. 2. Proterguride was rapidly and completely
      absorbed at low doses but not completely at higher dose levels, especially in
      rat. 3. Bioavailability was 18% in the monkey (low and high doses) and 79% (low
      doses) and 38% (high dose), respectively, in the rat. 4. Proterguride was able to
      pass the blood-brain barrier achieving concentrations in brain similar to those
      in plasma. 5. Excretion of labelled compounds was mainly in the faeces in rat,
      but in monkey elimination was equal in faeces and urine.

PMID- 3354232
TI  - Metabolism and disposition of (RS)-2-methoxy-3-(octadecylcarbamoyloxy)propyl 2-(3
      thiazolio)ethyl phosphate (MOTP) in rats and dogs.
AB  - 1. Metabolites (RS)-4-[(3-hydroxy-2-methoxy)propoxycarbonylamino]butanoic acid
      (I) and (RS)-2-[(3-hydroxy-2-methoxy)propoxycarbonylamino]acetic acid(II) were
      isolated from urine after i.v. administration of (RS)-2-methoxy-3-(octadecyl
      [14C]carbamoyloxy)propyl 2-(3-thiazolio)ethyl phosphate (14C-MOTP) to rats and
      characterized by t.l.c., g.l.c.-mass spectrometry and p.m.r. spectrometry. 2.
      After i.v. administration of 14C-MOTP, the plasma concentration of the drug
      declined biphasically with half-lives of 0.22 and 3.94 h in rats, and 0.81 and
      8.00 h in dogs. In rats and dogs, unchanged MOTP was the main 14C component in
      the plasma, together with a small amount of I and II. 14C-MOTP was highly bound
      to plasma protein of both animals. 3. Five min after i.v. administration of 14C
      MOTP to rats, 14C was widely distributed in tissues, with the highest conc. in
      the lung and the lowest in the eye. The distribution of 14C was relatively slow
      in some tissues. In most tissues, 14C decreased to low levels at 96 h, except in
      the Harder's gland. 4. Elimination of 14C-MOTP was almost complete within 120 h
      in rats and 144 h in dogs. In both species, the administered 14C was excreted
      largely in the urine as I and II, with the remainder appearing in the faeces and
      the expired air. Biliary excretion and reabsorption of 14C were detected in rats.
      5. During repeated i.v. administration of 14C-MOTP to rats for 7 days, the conc.
      of 14C in plasma and most tissues attained steady state within 5 days, except in
      Harder's gland, where the level rose gradually until the seventh day of dosing.
      Within 6 days after the last dosing, 96% of the injected dose was eliminated from
      the body.

PMID- 3354233
TI  - Metabolism of chlorpromazine and promazine in vitro: isolation and
      characterization of N-oxidation products.
AB  - 1. The syntheses of the secondary hydroxylamines of nor1chlorpromazine and
      nor1promazine via their corresponding primary hydroxylamines and oximes are
      described. 2. The N-oxidation products are unstable to analysis by g.l.c. without
      prior derivatization; the decomposition products and the structures of the
      trimethylsilyl (TMS) and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives were characterized by
      g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 3. Chlorpromazine, promazine and their demethylated
      products were shown to undergo metabolic N- and alpha-C-oxidation, to yield
      hydroxylamines and carboxylic acids, on incubation with fortified 9000 g liver
      homogenates of male New Zealand white rabbits. 4. A condensation product, an
      artifact formed by reaction of the metabolically derived primary hydroxylamines
      with acetaldehyde, an impurity in the extraction solvent, diethyl ether, was
      identified. 5. N-hydroxynor1- and N-hydroxynor2chlorpromazine undergo metabolic
      reduction to the parent amines, and the secondary hydroxylamine undergoes N
      demethylation to yield the corresponding primary hydroxylamine.

PMID- 3354234
TI  - Metabolism profiles and excretion of 14C-aminoglutethimide in several animal
      species and man.
AB  - 1. Following administration of a single oral dose of 14C-aminoglutethimide to
      rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits and man, greater than 89% of the dose was excreted in
      urine and faeces within 72 h; dogs eliminated only 51% in this time. 2. Extensive
      metabolism occurred in all species, with N-acetylaminoglutethimide being the
      major metabolite except for dog and man. In the latter two species unchanged drug
      was the main product excreted. 3. A metabolite, 3-(4-acetamidophenyl)-3-(2
      carboxamidoethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one, not previously found in human urine, was
      identified. 4. Chronic administration of aminoglutethimide to rats produced no
      detectable change in the excretory or metabolite patterns of the drug. However
      chronic administration of phenobarbitone decreased the urinary excretion of 14C
      over a 72 h period. 5. Residual (72 h) tissue levels of 14C were less than 1
      microgram equivalent of 14C-aminoglutethimide/g tissue in the rat, guinea-pig and
      rabbit. Dog tissues retained a considerable quantity of 14C at this time.

PMID- 3354235
TI  - Disposition and bioavailability of 3H-tetracycline in the channel catfish
      (Ictalurus punctatus).
AB  - 1. The tissue disposition and bioavailability of 3H-tetracycline were examined in
      the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravascular (4 mg/kg body
      weight) and per os (4 and 80 mg/kg) dosing. 2. The pharmacokinetics of the
      intravascularly administered drug using a two-compartment open model revealed
      plasma half-lives of 1.3 and 16.5 h for the distribution and elimination phases,
      respectively. 3. The drug was highly concentrated in both hepatobiliary and
      urinary compartments. The concentrations in the edible flesh were the lowest of
      any compartment examined. 4. The apparent bioavailability of the per os
      administered drug was less than 5% and was influenced by the presence of feed
      material and the dosage. 5. The drug was 72% bound to plasma protein at both 4
      and 24 h after intravascular administration.

PMID- 3354236
TI  - [Peculiarities of the transitional process of heart rhythm in the active
      orthostasis test in healthy probands, elderly and of an advanced age].
AB  - To identify the age-related peculiarities of the transient state of the cardiac
      rhythm during the orthostatic test, 155 apparently healthy persons aged from 20
      to 89 years were examined. The method of rhythmography was used to assess the
      amplitude and time characteristics of the transient processes. It was found that
      in aging the form of transient process undergoes a change, the amplitude of
      cardiac rhythm transient state is decreased, and its time characteristics
      duration is increased. The revealed age-associated changes seem to evidence for a
      worsening of the quality of cardiac rhythm regulation during the transient state
      in the orthostatic test.

PMID- 3354237
TI  - [Phenomenology and psychodynamics of suicidal acts by the elderly].
AB  - Worldwide demographic changes will be clearly accompanied by a growing percentage
      in the world population of human beings in advanced age. People above 64 years
      will account for 6.6 per cent in the year 2000 and for 9.3 per cent in 2025.
      Reference is made, in this context, to an expected rise in the incidence of
      psychic disorders. Old-age suicidality was studied against that background.
      Special interviews were made with all patients (n = 141) admitted for abortive
      suicide to the Geropsychiatric Department of Berlin, between 1973 and 1982, with
      the view to clearing up the phenomenology and psychodynamics of their action.
      Eighteen women and ten men attempted suicide in a state of paranoid-hallucinative
      psychosis. Generally known endogenic psychoses were not present. The remaining
      suicidal attempts were made in the wake of depression primarily for exogenic
      causes, such as lack of contact and conflict situations, or physical diseases
      accompanied by severe complaints. Socalled "tough" and "soft" methods had been
      almost equally used by either sex. The analysis provided relevant information
      conductive to an expansion of complex attention to aged citizens. Effective
      action should be taken, in the first place, to cope with their loneliness
      syndromes.

PMID- 3354238
TI  - [Differential etiologic studies of the causal attribution of failures in
      depressive subgroups in the clinical field].

PMID- 3354239
TI  - [Classical conditioning of autonomic reactions: effects of stimulus content and
      context].

PMID- 3354240
TI  - [Effect of head and eye inclination on the resting position of the vergence
      system].

PMID- 3354241
TI  - [Effective use of study procedures using instruments in infarct patients before
      discharge from the clinic].
AB  - 81 males and 23 females after myocardial infarction at the age of 61 +/- 12 and
      69 +/- years, respectively, were examined at the end of the stay in the clinic
      and after one year by means of ergometry and echocardiography. While at the
      discharge from the clinic the females reached maximally only 50 Watt, 34.7% of
      the males transgressed this achievement. Also in the watt pulse and in the
      product of the pressure frequency these patients reached high values, less
      frequently showed pathological ST segments under exercise and echocardiographical
      revealed a smaller left ventricle, a greater shortening fraction as well as more
      insignificant disturbances of the kinetics. This group-typical behaviour remained
      up to the first year. In patients with pathological diastolic pressure of the
      pulmonary artery at rest in 8% the latent left heart insufficiency could clinical
      not be recognized and in those patients with pathological pressure under exercise
      54% finished the ergometry without any other recognizable reasons of
      discontinuation. Finally, the patients who died up to the first year belonged to
      the group with complications in the intensive care unit, with high resting pulse
      rate, pathological diastolic pressure of the pulmonary artery, large left
      ventricle as well as left atrium and low shortening fraction at rest and low watt
      number, when discharged from hospital.

PMID- 3354242
TI  - [Associated thrombotic processes of the superficial, perforating and
      intramuscular venous system in patients with acute phlebothrombosis of the lower
      extremities].
AB  - In a retrospective study 100 phlebograms of the legs of patients with definitive
      acute phlebothrombosis were examined for additional thrombotic processes in the
      superficial venous system, in the perforating and muscular veins. They could be
      confirmed in 77% of the cases, whereby preferredly the superficial venous system
      (long saphenous vein and lateral branches) were affected. A temporary
      coordination of superficial thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis cannot be made.
      At first it is adhered to the approved strategy of diagnosis that an acute
      superficial thrombophlebitis is no indication for phlebography. It is demanded
      the immediate application of invasive and non-invasive examination methods, when
      there is the least clinical suspicion of a deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3354243
TI  - [Fulminant course of streptococcal-meningococcal infection--the OPSI syndrome
      (overwhelming postsplenectomy infection syndrome)].
AB  - On the basis of the foudroyant course of a streptococci-meningococci-sepsis in a
      19-year-old splenectomized patient the importance of the spleen as an organ of
      important defence functions is described and the organ-preserving surgical
      treatment as prophylaxis of the OPSI-syndrome is demanded.

PMID- 3354244
TI  - Serum electrolyte concentrations during two days post-laparotomy infusion of
      saline, glucose or amino acids in rabbit.
AB  - The changes in serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus
      concentrations during 48 hours post-laparotomy infusion of saline, 10 percent
      glucose alone, and in combination with two different amino acid solutions were
      investigated in the rabbit. Most of the changes occur 24-hours after the
      laparotomy. The changes of serum potassium concentration are different from those
      of chloride, sodium, calcium, and phosphorus. The quality of infusion does not
      change the direction of the post-laparotomy change of the serum chloride
      (increase) and calcium (decrease) concentration. The serum potassium
      concentration increases and phosphorus remains constant when saline is infused,
      whereas potassium remains constant and phosphorus decreases when the other
      solutions are given. The responses to the different infusions are most diversed
      in the case of sodium. The serum electrolyte concentrations remain at the level
      of the 24-hours post-laparotomy state also after the 48-hours infusion, with the
      exception the decrease of potassium during saline, increase of sodium during
      glucose and amino acid and increase of calcium during glucose infusion.

PMID- 3354245
TI  - [Resorbate kinetics in the pre- and posthepatic blood compartment in the
      immediate postoperative phase in swine].
AB  - Catheters were implanted in the portal vein by the superior mesenteric vein in
      pigs for valuation of the absorbant kinetics of enterically applied substances in
      the mesenteric veins. The blood level kinetics after applying 10 g D-xylose into
      the jejunum was measured continuously simultaneously in the pre- and posthepatic
      blood compartment 6, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after the operative procedure. An
      enteric resorption of the pentose is provable already 6 hours after the
      operation, with their utter normalization in the next 36 hours. The differences
      between the pre- and the posthepatic concentration-time-graphs admits conclusions
      on the metabolism of the absorbant in the liver.

PMID- 3354246
TI  - [Total mineral analysis of fracture callus in fracture healing--an animal
      experiment study].
AB  - The total mineral contents in the fracture callus was determined quantitatively
      on the fracture model of the closed fracture of the lower leg and the secondary
      bone fracture healing in rabbits with the technique by Cameron and Sorenson
      (1963) on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd, 70th, 128th, and 168th day after the
      fracture. The total mineral contents in the fracture callus corresponds to the
      normal value of the non-traumatised tibia from the 42nd day after the fracture.
      The absorption measuring is a fast practicable and well reproducible method for
      the follow-up of the fracture healing.

PMID- 3354247
TI  - [Dermatomyositis and miliary tuberculosis (case report with fatal outcome )].
AB  - A 50-year old female patient suffering from dermatomyositis, who had undergone
      thymectomy, died of generalized miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3354248
TI  - [Dapsone-induced photodermatitis in a patient with leprosy].
AB  - We report on a 60-year-old man suffering from borderline leprosy. He was treated
      many times with DDS and Clofazimin and underwent the so-called multiple drug
      treatment (MDT). Under this therapy, the patient developed allergic
      photodermatitis. Unfortunately his file was lost and, as nobody was informed
      about his allergic reaction, he was again treated with the preparations mentioned
      above. Consequently, he responded once more with photodermatitis.

PMID- 3354249
TI  - [Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome)].
AB  - We report on a 38-year-old male patient suffering from pachydermoperiostosis
      (Touraine-Solente-Gole Syndrome), who underwent a cosmetic operation without
      success.

PMID- 3354250
TI  - [Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome)].
AB  - 6 own patients including atypical cases of Sweet's syndrome are presented; iodide
      and colchicine were an effective treatment.

PMID- 3354251
TI  - [How does methotrexate work in psoriasis?].

PMID- 3354252
TI  - Stability of oral polio vaccine at different temperatures.
AB  - The stability of five batches of oral polio vaccine stored at -20, 4-8, 22 and 36
      degrees C for 7, 14 and 21 days was studied. The virus titrations were performed
      by the standard macro-method. There was little loss in virus titre when samples
      were kept at -20 and 4-8 degrees C for 21 days, whereas the samples exposed to 36
      degrees C for 21 days showed almost complete loss in virus titre. The average
      loss in virus titre in a year (log TCID50) was 0.47 at -20 degrees C and 0.65 at
      4-8 degrees C when various samples were stored at these temperatures. At 22
      degrees C the average loss in virus titre after 21 days was about 1.50. The
      samples subjected to ten cycles of freezing and thawing did not show any loss in
      virus titre. Likewise there was not much loss in virus titre in three samples
      stored at 4-8 degrees C for a year. Oral polio vaccine stabilized with magnesium
      chloride is quite a stable vaccine and maintenance of a proper cold chain is
      recommended for the delivery of a potent vaccine in countries with high ambient
      temperature.

PMID- 3354253
TI  - Vaccination challenge studies with variants of street rabies virus isolated in
      Nigeria.
AB  - In a preliminary study it was observed that adult ICR mice immunized with serial
      dilutions of an inactivated experimental human rabies vaccine from the Pitman
      Moore (PM) vaccine virus were well protected against challenge with homologous
      virulent PM virus and challenge virus standard (CVS). However only one of five
      variant representatives in five of seven groups of 41 isolates of street rabies
      virus from Nigeria characterized by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies specific for
      the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens of rabies virion was protected for by
      the vaccine. Guinea pigs immunized with a live attenuated low egg passage (LEP,
      Flury strain) vaccine currently used in canine vaccination in Nigeria protected
      against challenge with all five variants. The LEP vaccine protected against the
      variants and CVS quite well even when 1:125 dilution of the vaccine was used.

PMID- 3354255
TI  - Is a vaccine against AIDS possible?
AB  - The need to control the spread of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) is
      unquestioned. Options for interference in the replicative cycle of HIV have been
      reviewed by Mitsuya and Broder. It is possible to propose antiviral agents which
      would be active at each stage of the cycle, but early experience suggests that
      highly selective antiviral agents which are free from side effects will not be
      easy to design and indeed random screening of existing medicinals may prove as
      rewarding. The natural history of HIV infection would suggest that vaccination is
      a strategy which requires urgent and exhaustive investigation.

PMID- 3354254
TI  - Class-specific antibody responses in school children vaccinated with an
      A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1)-like recombinant influenza virus prepared from the
      A/Leningrad/134/57 paediatric cold-adapted donor strain.
AB  - Forty-three school children from 8 to 11 years old were vaccinated intranasally
      with two doses of a paediatric attenuated influenza vaccine developed by
      reassortment between cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/57(H2N2) and an
      A/Brazil/11/78(H1N1)-like strain. Two vaccine doses were administered 1 month
      apart in a randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study. Although the first
      vaccine dose had a low infectivity titre, overall 65% of children who received
      two doses of vaccine showed serological evidence of infection by HI tests. Serum
      IgA antibody responses against the vaccine strain were detected in nearly 50% of
      the vaccines and serum IgG antibody responses were detected in approximately
      equal to 40% by an enzyme immunoassay.

PMID- 3354256
TI  - Effectiveness and tolerance of pre- and postexposure treatment with purified
      inactivated rabies vaccine prepared on Vero cell line.
AB  - The results are reported of a field trial which was designated to demonstrate the
      inocuity and efficacy of the purified inactivated rabies vaccine (PVRV), produced
      on Vero cells by the Institut Merieux, Lyon, France in pre- and postexposure
      treatment in man. Four sex and age matched groups of veterinary students and
      medical personnel received the vaccine. The vaccine was given according to WHO
      recommendations for pre- and postexposure regimens. The 82 volunteers were
      divided into four groups and vaccinated as follows. Group IA consisted of 27
      individuals, receiving injections on days 0, 7 and 21. Group IB consisted of 29
      individuals, injected on days 0, 28 and 56. Group II consisted of 16 individuals,
      receiving a postexposure schedule of vaccinations on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90.
      Group III consisted of 10 subjects, all of whom had been previously immunized
      with various antirabies vaccines and received one single booster inoculation of
      this vaccine. Serum samples were taken on the days of vaccination and 14 days
      later in all groups and in addition on day 70 in group IA. Neutralizing
      antibodies against the rabies virus were determined in the rapid fluorescent
      focus inhibition test (RFFIT). In conclusion it can be stated that, regardless of
      the schedule of prophylactic immunization, three 0.5 ml inoculations of PVRV
      result in very high titres of virus neutralizing antibodies and a single
      vaccination in previously immunized individuals is sufficient to raise the amount
      of antibodies to a high level. Due to the high purity of the product the vaccine
      is very well tolerated by the vaccinees.

PMID- 3354257
TI  - Influenza virus ISCOMs: biochemical characterization.
AB  - Immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) have been prepared from influenza A virus
      envelope glycoproteins, i.e. haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). An ISCOM
      consists of a matrix, which is the micellar form of the glycoside, Quil A, in
      hydrophobic interaction with both the envelope glycoproteins (HA/NA). The Quil A
      bound to the ISCOM amounted to 50 micrograms mg-1 (5%) of ISCOM protein. ISCOMs
      were morphologically identified as symmetrical cage-like structures of
      approximately equal to 40 nm in diameter with hexagonal or pentagonal subunits of
      approximately equal to 12 nm. The sedimentation coefficient was approximately
      equal to 19 S as compared to 30 S for the glycoprotein micelles. The biological
      activities of the HA and NA are preserved in both ISCOMs and micelles.

PMID- 3354258
TI  - Influenza virus ISCOMs: antibody response in animals.
AB  - A monovalent experimental ISCOM vaccine has been prepared with the envelope
      glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the equine virus strain
      A/Solvalla/79 (H3N8). In vaccination trials on BALB/c mice the ISCOM vaccine
      induced more than ten times higher serum antibody titres measured in ELISA than a
      corresponding experimental micelle vaccine. Similarly, in guinea-pigs the ISCOMs
      induced about tenfold higher haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase
      inhibition (NI) titres than a micelle vaccine or a conventional killed influenza
      whole virus vaccine. Horses vaccinated with a divalent experimental ISCOM
      vaccine, containing the equine strains A/Prague/56 (H7N7) and A/Solvalla/79
      (H3N8), responded with ELISA antibody titres against haemagglutinin which were
      higher and lasted considerably longer than those in horses vaccinated with
      conventional whole virus vaccine. ISCOMs induced complete immunoprotection in
      mice vaccinated with a dose of 1 microgram envelope glycoproteins of the mouse
      pathogenic strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1).

PMID- 3354259
TI  - Osteomyelitis of the sternum secondary to steroid injection: case report.

PMID- 3354260
TI  - Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus
      glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal Lassa virus
      infection.
AB  - A cloned cDNA (1.65 kb) containing the complete glycoprotein gene of the Josiah
      strain of Lassa virus was inserted into the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of the New
      York Board of Health (WYETH) strain of vaccinia virus. The Lassa virus
      glycoprotein precursor, GPC, and the posttranslational cleavage products, G1 and
      G2, were shown by Western blot analysis to be properly expressed in cells
      infected with the recombinant virus. Northern blot hybridization of total
      cytoplasmic RNA extracted from recombinant virus infected cells demonstrated the
      presence of RNA transcripts of appropriate size considering the site of
      transcription initiation from the vaccinia P7.5 promoter, the size of the Lassa
      glycoprotein gene, and the presumed location of the transcription terminator in
      the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene. All guinea pigs vaccinated with the
      recombinant virus survived a lethal challenge infection with Lassa virus, whereas
      80% of control animals died. The vaccinated guinea pigs did, however, develop
      transient, low-grade, fevers and detectable viremias following infection with
      Lassa virus, indicating that protection was not complete.

PMID- 3354261
TI  - Estimates on the intake of food additives in Finland.
AB  - An estimation of the intakes of 30 food additives in Finland was conducted
      combining analytical data, food balance sheets, import and export statistics. The
      results indicated that most calculated average food additive intakes were well
      below the ADI values and internationally at an acceptable level. The intakes of
      nitrates, nitrites, saccharin and cyclamates were above or close to the
      respective ADI values. More studies are planned on these substances in order to
      establish possible special risk groups.

PMID- 3354262
TI  - Comparative studies on "acid-stable, heat-stable polypeptides" of ovine, caprine
      and bovine milks.
AB  - "Acid-stable, heat-stable polypeptides" (previously called proteose-peptone) of
      three milk species have been studied. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that all fractions showed similar patterns. Only bands
      with the lowest mobilities showed the presence of carbohydrates when stained with
      Schiff's reagent. These bands had a lower mobility in ewe's and goat's milk than
      in cow's milk. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence
      of fucose, mannose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine in the
      three fractions studied. Acid-stable, heat-stable polypeptides of bovine milk had
      the lowest carbohydrate content (4 mg/100 mg protein), whereas the highest
      content was found in ewe's milk (7.30 mg/100 mg protein) mainly as a result of
      the high galactose, mannose and glucosamine content. The sialic acid content was
      lower in ewe's and goat's milk (2.68 and 2.98 mg/100 mg protein respectively)
      than in bovine milk (2.06 mg/100 mg protein).

PMID- 3354263
TI  - A screening method for the simultaneous determination of putrescine, cadaverine,
      histamine, spermidine and spermine in fish by means of high pressure liquid
      chromatography of their 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl derivatives.
AB  - A simple and rapid method is described for the extraction, derivatization and
      subsequent determination by means of high pressure liquid chromatography of
      putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, spermidine and spermine as their 5
      dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl derivatives. The amines are extracted from
      the fish material by an aqueous trichloroacetic acid solution and derivatized by
      means of 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonylchloride (dansyl chloride). The
      reaction mixture is then injected on a RP-8 column using gradient elution to
      separate the amine derivatives. Use of the method results in a considerable
      saving with respect to both time and costs.

PMID- 3354264
TI  - [A method for the determination of ergot alkaloids in food].
AB  - A suitable method has been developed for the routine analysis of the ergot
      alkaloids ergometrine, ergometrinine, ergosine, ergosinine, ergotamine,
      ergotaminine, ergocornine, ergocorninine, alpha-ergocryptine, alpha
      ergocryptinine, beta-ergocryptine, beta-ergocryptinine, ergocristine and
      ergocristinine in cereal products. The method consists of food extraction,
      cleaning of the crude extract by a modified form of the Extrelut method, and
      identification and quantitative determination of the alkaloids by high pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results are confirmed by thin layer
      chromatography (TLC) and gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Market
      investigations have shown contaminations in ecological as well as in conventional
      products, with rye products mainly being contaminated. Within the EEC, a maximum
      value of 0.05% ergot respectively a total alkaloid content of 1 mg/kg in cereals
      used for food production is prescribed. This value was not exceeded in any of the
      investigated samples.

PMID- 3354265
TI  - [Residue analysis of pyrethroid insecticides in cereal grains, milled fractions
      and bread].
AB  - A procedure is described for the residual analysis of eight pyrethroid
      insecticides at levels of 2-5 micrograms/kg. Residues are extracted from cereal
      grains, flour or bread with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (2 + 1) and are
      partitioned into petroleum ether. Clean-up is performed by gel permeation
      chromatography on Bio-Beads S-X3 and an additional Florisil column. Electron
      capture gas liquid chromatography on a non-polar SE-30 capillary column separates
      the isomers of the compounds. Under the conditions used in the experiments with
      cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin, the compound
      levels in rye and wheat did not decrease significantly. Losses during milling and
      baking were small. Consequently, pyrethroid insecticides remain effective in
      grain stored over a long period of time. However, considerable residues result in
      the milled fractions as well as in different types of bread.

PMID- 3354266
TI  - [Determination of phenolic compounds in alcoholic beverages by HPLC with an
      electrochemical detector].
AB  - A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of phenolic lignin
      degradation products in alcoholic distillates. After diluting the samples with
      the eluent (1:5-1:10, v/v) the phenolic compounds are separated by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography and detected by an electrochemical detector at +1.3 V. To
      identify the compounds the k'-values and the hydrodynamic voltammograms of the
      samples are compared with those of the standard solution. Several distilled
      alcoholic beverages were analysed. The content of phenolic compounds was found to
      vary between 0.15 and 7.7 mg/l. The detection limits were 0.3-0.9 ng.

PMID- 3354267
TI  - [Expert assessment following total and partial loss of the spleen].
AB  - Post-splenectomy sepsis is a possible consequence, following traumatic loss of
      the spleen. An incidence of 1.05 per cent and mortality of 0.5 per cent may be
      assumed. The risk of infection for patients with traumatic loss of the spleen was
      found to be 60 times higher than that facing the general population. Spleen
      preserving operations were found to ensure immune competence only in patients
      with not less than 30 per cent of intact spleen substance and under conditions of
      unimpaired blood supply. Occupational disablement usually occurs to 30 per cent
      of post-splenectomy patients during the first year from operation. Ten per cent
      were disabled for good, provided absence of complications.

PMID- 3354268
TI  - [Decision-making regarding the acute scrotum].
AB  - An account is given of results obtained from aggressive decisions taken to cope
      with acute scrotal pain. Thirteen in 121 patients received surgical treatment,
      although this would have been avoidable, since only epididymitis was eventually
      detected. That rate, however, had to be accepted due to inadequate reliability of
      the diagnostic methods so far available, even more so, when the following results
      are considered: The organ was saved in 39 cases. Pain was removed from 15 cases
      with pedunculated hydatid. Ten haematomas resulting from blunt testicular trauma
      were emptied. The surgical approach may be considered suitable for diagnosis,
      since complications are not to be expected, with the average time of the
      operation being limited to 18 minutes. The following guideline, therefore, should
      be observed in cases of post-traumatic, acute testicular pain: Diagnostic
      exposure is the optional method in cases of even slightest doubt in epididymitis.
      A sceptical attitude seems to be appropriate for all age groups, particularly
      when young patients are involved. Surgical exploration is a no-risk and fast
      approach and the only dependable method to save the organ.

PMID- 3354269
TI  - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis].
AB  - A retrospective investigation was conducted to give an account in this paper of
      clinical diagnoses, intra-operative findings, and therapeutic results obtained
      from 453 patients who had received surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis,
      between 1975 and 1986. The benefits of the approach may be seen from the overall
      lethality which had been as low as 4.2 per cent. Conservative treatment was found
      to be indicated only for high-risk cases.

PMID- 3354270
TI  - [Post-traumatic splenic cyst].

PMID- 3354271
TI  - [Initial experiences with the use of the surgical CO2 laser scalpel].
AB  - Reported in this paper is the surgical applicability, as established from 35
      operations, of the Type TLS 61 laser scalpel of Tungsram Rt, 60 Watt in output.
      Useful experience has been recorded from surgical approaches to thorax cavity as
      well as from general, gastro-enterological, vascular, and dermatological surgery.
      Minimised bleeding and sterile incisions are benefits of laser operations. The
      above model has proved to be applicable to skin, muscles, lung, stomach,
      intestines, bones, and other tissues. Wound healing was absolutely okay. After
      bleeding or other complications did not occur.

PMID- 3354272
TI  - [Patient education as the responsibility of the surgeon].

PMID- 3354273
TI  - [Results of prenatal amniotic fluid diagnosis in suspected hemolytic disease of
      newborn].
AB  - 759 amniotic fluid samples have been examined spectrophotometrically according to
      Liley and chemically for bilirubin from 286 patients with suspicion of morbus
      haemolyticus fetalis. The results obtained, gave the following findings for the
      procedure of Liley: sensitivity 75.0 per cent, specivity 96.5 per cent, accuracy
      85.3 per cent, predictive value of positive test 95.6 per cent and predictive
      value of negative test 79.1 per cent and for the chemical test respectively: 88.2
      per cent, 81.7 per cent, 85.0 per cent, 83.0 per cent and 87.2 per cent. A
      pathological delta E value is suspect of a serious erythroblastosis. But a
      serious morbus haemolyticus fetalis may be excluded with higher likelihood by
      concentration of bilirubin chemically determined below the pathological range
      then by correlated values of delta E. Finally we conclude that two different
      methods for amniotic fluid diagnostic are of higher predictability.

PMID- 3354274
TI  - [Report of experiences in 20 years use of intrauterine fetal transfusion in
      severe Rh-induced hemolytic disease of newborn].
AB  - 136 intrauterine transfusions in 90 fetuses between the 25th and 34th gestational
      week with severe hemolytic disease because of Rh-incompatibility have been
      performed after a prenatal step by step diagnostic in the years 1967 till 1986.
      The reason of the immunization was mistransfusion or omitted immune prophylaxis
      in 25 cases. 25 from 67 live born children died. There were 23 still births. 34
      from 43 fetuses without hydrops survived, but only 8 from 47 fetuses with
      hydrops. The survival rate over all was 46.7 per cent.

PMID- 3354275
TI  - [Differential courses of development in children born with hemolytic disease of
      newborn].
AB  - Repeated psychological investigations were performed in a group of 124 children
      who received exchange transfusions due to morbus haemolyticus neonatorum as
      newborns. Their psychomotoric development was compared with a control group
      without exchange transfusions. In the Mhn-children a lower level of cognitive
      capacity was observed. There was a higher percentage of mental retardation and of
      handicaps. The distribution between female and male children was nearly equal.

PMID- 3354276
TI  - [Phospholipase A2 levels during labor].
AB  - Determinations of phospholipase A2 activity 2 hours after spontaneous start of
      uterine contractions in 14 women showed higher values than immediately post
      partum. The reason of this increase of enzyme activity inducing prostaglandin
      synthesis is not known yet.

PMID- 3354277
TI  - [A heated controversy--already settled today?].
AB  - In the sexuological literature there was a strong argument about the seeming
      inequality of clitorial or vaginal orgasms for a long time. S. Freud
      characterized the clitoral orgasm as immature, infantile and noted that it should
      be transformed into the advanced, truly vaginal orgasm. In contrast,
      feministically-oriented authors proclaimed the clitoral orgasm the actual,
      mentally more advanced one. Using a psychological "orgasm test" both hypotheses
      are verified in a population of 422 orgastically experienced women. The result
      shows that both clitoral and vaginal orgasms are not differently felt by women.
      Differently preferred coitus positions, either, are not supposed to have any
      influence on the orgastic experience of women.

PMID- 3354278
TI  - How does the increasing filling of the vacuum source diminish the suction in
      modern portable drainage systems?
AB  - Nine different brands representing the four main types of modern portable
      drainage systems (expanding suction balls, suction bellows, spring-loaded systems
      and high vacuum systems) were examined with respect to the relationship between
      the degree of filling of the vacuum source and the resulting vacuum. The results
      are presented first graphically and second numerically with five figures
      according to a system suggested by the authors. It is further concluded that the
      vacuum-volume curves, except for the high vacuum systems, presented by the
      manufacturers are not always in full accordance with the findings in this study.
      When a surgeon chooses to use a drain in a certain situation it is of great
      importance, on the one hand, that he has a knowledge of the degree of vacuum
      required for that particular situation and, on the other hand, which drains will
      fulfill these requirements. These problems are discussed in detail. This article
      provides baseline data for the different kinds of portable drains currently
      available and thus gives a background for rational decision making.

PMID- 3354279
TI  - Management of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Some of the pitfalls in the management of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm
      are stressed in the presentation of six illustrative cases. Background data on
      the presumed etiology and common symptoms are provided. The diagnostic value of
      computed tomography for preoperative detection of the fibrosis surrounding these
      aneurysms and the differentiation from other conditions are also discussed.

PMID- 3354280
TI  - Late cerebrovascular accidents after repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - In this follow-up of 1,112 patients operated on for abdominal aortic aneurysm
      (AAA) it was noted that cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) caused significant
      (8.2%) late mortality. Seventy-one patients developed non-fatal or fatal CVAs at
      5.9 +/- 2.9 (mean +/- SD) years after the initial aneurysm repair. The incidence
      of CVA was 4.2% and 9.5% within five and ten years, respectively. In patients
      with preoperative evidence of both hypertension and heart disease, the incidence
      of CVA within five years was 9.1% compared to an incidence less than 4% in
      patients with either or neither of these risk factors (p less than 0.01).
      Multivariate analysis of individual risk factors revealed that only age (p less
      than 0.001), hypertension (p less than 0.001), angina pectoris (p less than 0.02)
      and other heart disease (p less than 0.001) were independently associated with a
      reduced survival free of CVA. Thus, cerebrovascular accidents are responsible for
      significant late morbidity after AAA repair. Patients at high age or with
      evidence of hypertension and heart disease carry a greater risk for this
      complication.

PMID- 3354281
TI  - Methylprednisolone in acute canine hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
AB  - The effect of methylprednisolone on hemodynamics and oxygen transport was
      investigated in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in 13 dogs randomly allocated to a
      fluid treatment group, a methylprednisolone prophylaxis (MPP) group and a
      methylprednisolone therapy (MP) group. Methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) was given as
      a bolus dose, starting 30 min before induction of pancreatitis in the MPP group
      and 30 min after induction in the MP group. Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was
      induced with a mixture of trypsin and sodium taurocholate, and hemodynamics and
      blood gases were monitored for 4.5 hours. MPP improved cardiac output
      significantly and prevented the initial increase in the arteriovenous oxygen
      content difference. In the MP group there were no significant differences from
      the control group in hemodynamics or oxygen transport. Prophylactically
      administered methylprednisolone thus partially attenuated the hemodynamic changes
      caused by acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. It seemed especially to improve cardiac
      performance, assessed from changes in cardiac output.

PMID- 3354282
TI  - Causes of malabsorption after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
AB  - Malabsorption after total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction was studied in
      11 patients. Absorption of fat, xylose and lactose was tested and the orocaecal
      transit time was radiologically determined. Bacterial colonization of the small
      intestine was studied by culturing jejunal juice and indirectly with a hydrogen
      breath test. Ten patients lost weight postoperatively and six had diarrhoea. All
      11 had steatorrhoea with mean faecal fat excretion 289 +/- 55 (SEM) mmol free and
      esterified fatty acids/72 h (upper reference limit 60 mmol/72 h). Low xylose
      absorption was found in only one patient and low lactose absorption in none. The
      median orocaecal transit time was only 110 minutes (less than or equal to 60 min
      in 4 cases). Postoperative weight loss showed significant inverse correlation
      with orocaecal transit time. Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine was
      found in four patients. The cause of malabsorption was assumed to be rapid
      intestinal transit in four patients and bacterial overgrowth in four others,
      leaving three in whom pancreatic understimulation is suggested as the reason for
      steatorrhoea.

PMID- 3354283
TI  - Inflammation parameters in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
AB  - The role of the common parameters of inflammation in the diagnosis of acute
      appendicitis was studied by measuring axillary temperature (Tax), blood leukocyte
      (Leuk) and lymphocyte fraction (Lymph), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and ESR in
      354 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Laparotomy showed
      normal appendix in 97 cases, but deduction of 14 with other surgically
      correctable disorders gave the negative appendectomy rate 83/354 (23.4%). The
      appendix had perforated in 9.9%. Tax, Leuk, Lymph and CRP could significantly
      differentiate acute appendicitis from the other cases, with respective
      sensitivity (and false positive) percentages 88.7 (66.0), 78.5 (24.7), 84.4
      (48.5) and 52.7 (24.7). Although such statistical differences are not
      particularly helpful in preoperative diagnosis of individual cases, none of the
      37 patients with simultaneously normal Leuk, Lymph and CRP had obvious
      appendicitis (2 probably had incipient inflammation). If laparotomy had not been
      performed in these 37 cases, almost half of the unnecessary operations could have
      been avoided, thereby reducing the negative appendectomy rate to 15.2%, with
      11.7% perforation rate.

PMID- 3354284
TI  - Routine double contrast barium enema and fiberoptic colonoscopy in the diagnosis
      of colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - The diagnostic efficacy of routine double-contrast barium enema and fiberoptic
      coloscopy for detection of cancer was retrospectively studied in 303 patients
      consecutively operated for colorectal adenocarcinoma in a 52-month period from
      January 1980. Double-contrast barium enema was performed in 180 patients with 184
      carcinomas, 157 (85%) of which were revealed by this examination. The detection
      rate of carcinoma according to site was 89% between cecum and descending colon,
      92% in sigmoid colon and 71% in rectum. Fiberoptic colonoscopy was done in 176
      patients with 181 carcinomas, 163 (90%) of which were detected by the
      endoscopical examination. The detection rate of carcinoma according to site was
      86% between cecum and descending colon, 90% in sigmoid colon and 95% in rectum.
      The two methods were equally effective in detecting carcinoma of the colon.
      Colonoscopy was superior to barium enema in detection of rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3354285
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of focal liver lesions. Advantages and
      limitations.
AB  - Fine-needle aspiration cytology of focal liver lesions was performed 192 times in
      175 patients over a 5-year period. Ultrasonic guidance was used for 153
      punctures; the others were done peroperatively or on a palpable mass. A correct
      diagnosis of malignancy was obtained in 89/111 cases (80.2%), and of metastases
      (adenocarcinoma) to the liver in 71/84 (84.5%). The total of nonrepresentative
      aspirates was 26 (13.5%). The overall accuracy of cytologic evaluation was 87.5%,
      with 79.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity in malignant disease. The predictive
      values of positive and negative results were, respectively, 100% and 75.8%. There
      were no false positive tests, but 12.5% false negatives. No complications
      following the aspiration procedure were seen. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is
      simple and safe, but the relatively high proportion of nonrepresentative
      aspirates is a problem. Possibly a more aggressive approach with multiple
      punctures may lessen this incidence and enhance the diagnostic accuracy in
      hepatic malignancy.

PMID- 3354286
TI  - Testicular hydrocele: an initial sign of colon carcinoma. Case report.
AB  - Metastasis of carcinoma to the testes is rare. A case of caecal carcinoma
      presenting as testicular hydrocele is reported. The possibility of secondary
      tumour should be considered when a testicular mass or hydrocele arises in a
      patient above the age for primary testes tumour and the clinical picture suggests
      involvement of other organs.

PMID- 3354287
TI  - An unusual cause of sigmoid tumour: primary Hodgkin's disease. Case report.
AB  - Localized primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease is rare, especially in the
      digestive tract. A case is reported in which primary Hodgkin's disease presented
      as an ulcerated tumour of the sigmoid colon. The prognosis and management of such
      localized extranodal Hodgkin's lesions are discussed.

PMID- 3354288
TI  - Neutropenic enterocolitis. Case report.
AB  - Early recognition and adequate treatment of neutropenic enterocolitis, a life
      threatening complication of aggressive chemotherapy for leukemia, lymphoma or
      other malignancy, may offer a favorable outcome. Three cases are presented,
      including the first reported occurrence in a child with osteogenic sarcoma. Two
      patients were treated surgically and the third conservatively.

PMID- 3354289
TI  - Colonic ischemia following abdominal aortic reconstruction for ruptured aneurysm
      in a patient with previous right colectomy. Case report.
AB  - Reconstruction of the abdominal aorta after rupture of aneurysm was followed by
      colonic ischemia in a patient who had undergone right hemicolectomy 6 years
      previously. The mechanism and management of this rare complication are discussed.

PMID- 3354290
TI  - Needle-tract seeding after percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of pancreatic
      carcinoma. Case report.
AB  - Needle-tract seeding is a rare complication following percutaneous fine-needle
      biopsy of intra-abdominal tumours and only a few cases have been reported. Two
      cases of cutaneous implantation of a tumour in the needle-tract after biopsy of
      pancreatic carcinomas are presented. In experimental studies, seeding of
      malignant cells in the needle-tracts is common and the discrepancy between
      experimental and clinical findings is discussed.

PMID- 3354291
TI  - Interposition graft fistulas for hemodialysis.
AB  - When a radiocephalic arteriovenous (AV) fistula is not feasible for vascular
      access in hemodialysis, the second choice is interposition AV fistula using
      synthetic graft. Experience concerning patency and complications of interposition
      graft fistula and need for additional surgery in 49 grafts (41 patients) is
      reviewed. All 40 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nine bovine grafts were
      placed in the forearm--22 straight between the radial artery and an antecubital
      vein and 27 as loops connecting the brachial artery to an antecubital vein. At
      the end of follow-up (mean 13, range 1-46 months), nine grafts were still in use
      and nine had failed, 15 patients had received a renal transplant and 15 were
      dead. One patient was lost to follow-up. Reoperation was necessitated by
      complications in 30 instances and permitted resumption of dialysis in 25.
      Reoperation was more common with straight than with loop graft (p less than
      0.01). Interposition PTFE loop graft fistula is recommended as second choice for
      angioaccess, after radiocephalic fistula.

PMID- 3354292
TI  - Obturator foramen bypass--the alternative route for sepsis in the femoral
      triangle.
AB  - Obturator foramen bypass has successfully been used to replace an infected groin
      graft in eight patients. Early replacement of an infected graft is recommended
      because of the poor results and risks associated with conservative management.

PMID- 3354293
TI  - Treatment of appendiceal abscess.
AB  - Appendiceal abscess occurring in 193 patients during a 14-year period is
      reviewed. Treatment was nonsurgical in 98 patients, with a complication rate of
      3%. In the 95 surgically treated patients the complication rate was 32%. One
      patient died. 'Interval' elective appendectomy was performed in 80 cases and the
      complication rate was 23%. Among the 32 patients without surgery or in whom the
      appendix was not removed at laparotomy, the recurrence rate was 3%. No malignancy
      was found at colonic radiography in 84 conservatively treated patients. Based on
      these findings, the following strategy is recommended for management of
      appendiceal abscess. 1) Initially conservative treatment, with surgical
      intervention if this fails. 2) 'Interval' elective appendectomy not routinely
      undertaken. 3) For patients older than 40, follow-up with colonic radiography,
      possibly colonoscopy and, if necessary, also exploratory laparotomy to exclude
      intraabdominal malignancy.

PMID- 3354294
TI  - Left colon anastomotic healing following colostomy closure. An experimental study
      on rats.
AB  - The impact of colostomy closure on the healing of a left colonic anastomosis
      performed 4 weeks earlier was studied in rats. Colostomy closure could be safely
      accomplished but in 3 of 25 rats was followed by faecal obstruction due to
      narrowing of the primary left colonic anastomosis. After colostomy closure the
      gain in anastomotic strength was slow and did not exceed the outset value until
      after 3 weeks. After colostomy closure, accumulation of collagen in the
      anastomotic region increased earlier than anastomotic strength, indicating delay
      in collagen maturation.

PMID- 3354295
TI  - Thyroglobulin radioimmunoassay and 131I scintigraphy in patients with
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) radioimmunoassay and 131I whole-body scintigraphy were
      performed in 134 patients with previous total thyroidectomy for differentiated
      thyroid carcinoma. Distant spread was found in 46 patients (34%), 42 of whom had
      serum Tg greater than 10 micrograms/l. Accumulation of 131I in metastases was
      seen in 39 patients. Serum Tg in patients with iodine-accumulating metastases was
      significantly higher in follicular than in papillary carcinoma. Scintigraphy
      showed thyroid tissue remnant and no metastases in 60 patients. Serum Tg was
      elevated in 19 of these patients and normal in 41. The respective mean uptake of
      131I in these two groups was 3.8% and 1.15% of the administered dose (p less than
      0.002), indicating that ablation of normal thyroid tissue is important to avoid
      misinterpreting Tg findings. Scintigraphy performed after 131I in therapeutic
      doses of 4.5 GBq gave no information additional to that in scans after only 40
      MBq 131I. The latter dose thus is adequate for depicting iodine-accumulating
      metastases. For diagnostic purposes, therefore, a 131I dose of 40 MBq is
      recommended.

PMID- 3354296
TI  - Anaesthesia in surgery for aneurysm of the descending thoracic or
      thoracoabdominal aorta.
AB  - Aneurysm of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta was repaired in 12
      cases during simple aortic cross-clamping. The regimen for anaesthesia and
      general monitoring is presented. It includes thoracic epidural analgesia with
      intravenous general anaesthesia, use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube,
      continuous registration of ECG, body temperature, urinary output, systemic and
      pulmonary arterial pressures and central venous pressure, and intermittent
      measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac output, blood
      gases and haemoglobin. Mannitol (25-40 g) is infused prior to aortic cross
      clamping, and infusion of sodium nitroprusside and possibly nitroglycerin is
      begun just before clamping to control left ventricular afterload and preload.
      Sodium bicarbonate is given to maintain positive base excess. Before declamping,
      ventilation is increased by 50% and rapid infusion of blood, plasma and
      crystalloids is begun in order to raise PCWP by 3-5 mmHg. The clamp is gradually
      released, and small doses of vasopressor may be required to stabilize the
      circulation. The operation was uncomplicated in 11 cases, but a patient with
      ruptured aneurysm died of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3354297
TI  - Plasmapheresis and haemodialysis in a case of septic cholangitis complicated by
      hepatic and renal failure. Case report.
AB  - Plasmapheresis was used as a complement to conventional therapy in a patient with
      multiorgan failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following
      biliary obstruction and septic cholangitis. The patient's remarkable improvement
      after plasmapheresis suggests a beneficial influence on the pathophysiologic
      mechanisms. Plasmapheresis is concluded to inhibit DIC and eliminate endotoxins.

PMID- 3354298
TI  - Inferior vena caval thrombosis complicating acute pancreatitis. Case report.
AB  - This case report describes a patient with acute pancreatitis who was found to
      have inferior vena caval thrombosis. This was diagnosed by CT scan and confirmed
      by digital subtraction venography. Of the many recognised vascular complications
      of acute pancreatitis, isolated inferior vena caval thrombosis has not been
      previously reported.

PMID- 3354299
TI  - Stab wounds of the liver. An evaluation of 131 consecutive cases.
AB  - The records of 131 consecutive patients treated for liver stab wounds during a 20
      year period were reviewed. All were operated on. Bleeding from the liver injury
      ceased spontaneously before operation in 41% of the cases. The chest, stomach and
      extremities were the most common sites of associated injury. In 36% the liver was
      the only injured organ. The liver injury was managed with simple surgical
      techniques in all but three cases. The mortality rate was 4.6%, and only one of
      the six deaths was directly attributable to the liver injury. Complications,
      mostly involving the lungs and the wound, arose in 27% of the series. Stab wounds
      of the liver are relatively benign and the great majority can be satisfactorily
      treated with simple surgery. Excluding juxtahepatic venous injuries, the
      mortality and morbidity are due mainly to associated injuries.

PMID- 3354300
TI  - The aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and basement membrane
      components in serum during wound healing in man.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate if the serum concentrations of antigens
      related to basement membrane components and to the interstitial type III collagen
      reflect the sequential and transitional synthesis of basement membranes and of
      type III collagen in wound granulation tissue. The aminoterminal propeptide of
      type III collagen, the 7S domain of type IV collagen and the P1 fragment of
      laminin were determined in 11, 10 and 6 patients, respectively, during wound
      healing following intraabdominal surgery. No change was observed in the type III
      propeptide level at the first postoperative day. During further follow-up (mean
      71 days, range 21-155 days), the propeptide levels showed a transitional
      increase, with a maximum at day 10. A sequential pattern was observed in the
      increase of the serum concentrations, as the maximum increase of the basement
      related antigens in serum occurred within the first 7 postoperative days. This is
      in accordance with observations of an early formation of basement membranes in
      blood vessels, preceding deposition of interstitial collagens in granulation
      tissue. The results support the assumption that the serum concentrations of
      connective tissue related antigens may be valuable markers of wound healing in
      man.

PMID- 3354301
TI  - The potentially difficult airway.

PMID- 3354302
TI  - Practice standard in the making: pulse oximeters.

PMID- 3354303
TI  - An in vitro characterization of endotracheal tube cuff performance.

PMID- 3354304
TI  - Anesthetic considerations for the achondroplastic dwarf.

PMID- 3354305
TI  - AANA Journal course: advanced scientific concepts: update for nurse anesthetists-
      the Henderson:Hasselbalch equation in clinical anesthesia decisions.

PMID- 3354306
TI  - Motor neuron disease in Cantabria.
AB  - Sixty-two patients with motor neuron disease (MND), encompassing amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP) and progressive muscular
      atrophy (PMA), were selected from within a defined area (Cantabria) in northern
      Spain, from 1974 to 1985. The annual incidence of MND was 1.01 per 100,000
      inhabitants and the prevalence rate was 3.52 per 100,000. The male to female
      ratio was 1.78:1. Age-specific incidence rates increased with advanced age, with
      a maximum between 60 and 69 years for males and over 70 years for females. The
      median age at onset was 60.5 years. The average interval between the onset
      symptoms and diagnosis was 11 months. Fifty-three per cent of the patients had
      conventional or pseudopolyneuritic ALS, 36% had PBP and 11% had PMA. There were
      three familial cases. Two PMA patients had had acute poliomyelitis. The mean
      duration of the disease was 26.6 months and was significantly longer in males
      aged under 60 years. The survival rates in 50 patients with adequate follow-up
      were 18% after 5 years from onset and 6% after 10 years.

PMID- 3354307
TI  - Risk factors in lacunar syndromes: a case-control study.
AB  - The association between some hypothetical risk factors (previous TIA,
      hypertension, ECG ischemic abnormalities, diabetes, cigarette smoking, atrial
      fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high hematocrit) and
      lacunar syndromes has been evaluated by a matched sample case-control study
      involving 108 consecutive, incident cases with lacunar syndrome and 216 hospital
      control subjects, matched for sex and age. A significant increase of Relative
      Risk (RR) has been shown for: 1. Previous history of TIA; 2. Hypertension; 3.
      Smoking; 4. Diabetes. No relevance was shown for: 1. Atrial fibrillation; 2.
      Hypercholesterolemia; 3. Hypertriglyceridemia; 4. High hematocrit. The analysis
      of the triplets of subjects (1 case + 2 controls) without hypertension showed a
      significant RR increase for: 1. Previous history of TIA; 2. Ischemic cardiac
      abnormalities; 3. Atrial fibrillation. Such findings support the hypothesis that,
      in a minority of cases with lacunar syndrome, the pathogenetic mechanism could be
      different from occlusion of penetrating arteries in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3354308
TI  - Spinal meningiomas: prognosis and recovery factors in 22 cases with severe motor
      deficits.
AB  - The 22 cases of spinal meningioma with severe motor deficit operated on during a
      34-year span are reviewed. The motor deficit is graded according to a modified
      version of the scale proposed by Levy et al. in 1982, their grade IV being split
      into grade IV (toe movements and muscular concentrations) and grade V
      (paraplegia). All 10 grade IV patients were able to walk normally within a year
      of surgical treatment while only 50% of the grade V patients (12 cases)
      recovered, and then not completely. The preoperative duration of the motor
      deficit and age under 60 influenced the speed of recovery in the grade IV
      patients and the possibility of recovery in the grade V cases. We consider that
      the dual mechanism of mechanical and ischemic trauma played an important part in
      the speed and possibility of recovery in the patients reviewed.

PMID- 3354309
TI  - Ocular myasthenia: diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with purely ocular myasthenia were studied. Tensilon test
      was positive in 46 patients (95%); decremental response from limb muscles was
      present in 24 patients (50%); anti-AChR antibodies were detected in 20 patients
      of 44 (45.5%). Twenty-two patients underwent thymectomy, 18 were given
      corticosteroids, 42 received AChE drugs. At the end of the observation period, 8%
      of the patients were in remission, 67% were improved, 25% were unchanged. In our
      experience, the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia relies mainly on clinical data;
      AChE drugs are not very effective in extrinsic ocular muscles; indications for
      thymectomy should be restricted to thymoma cases and, perhaps, to patients in the
      early stages of the disease, within the first year of onset; corticosteroids are
      effective in most cases, but relapses after withdrawal are not uncommon.

PMID- 3354310
TI  - EEG in the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease and vascular
      dementia.
AB  - Demented patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 67), multi-infarct dementia
      (MID) (n = 77) and probable vascular dementia (PVD) (n = 45) were studied with
      electroencephalography (EEG). All patients underwent a routine EEG examination
      and quantitative EEG was recorded from 14 patients with AD, 20 with MID, and 12
      with PVD. The patient groups did not differ in regard to sex, age, education, or
      degree of dementia. Diffuse abnormality of EEG increased in AD, while driving
      response to photic stimulation and the mean frequency of background activity
      decreased in all groups with increasing degree of dementia. In quantitative EEG,
      the percentage of alpha power decreased and those of theta and delta power
      increased relative to the degree of dementia. Focal abnormalities, and irritative
      (spikes and/or sharp waves) and slow wave paroxysms were more common in MID than
      in AD. Patients with different types of dementia did not differ significantly in
      regard to diffuse abnormality, occurrence of driving response, mean background
      frequency, or parameters of quantitative EEG. The mean frequency of background
      activity and the degree of diffuse abnormality correlated with central and
      cortical atrophy, white matter low attenuation seen on computed tomography, and
      with neuropsychological findings.

PMID- 3354311
TI  - Does intravenous nimodipine treatment influence cognition in patients subjected
      to early aneurysm operation?
AB  - Following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) many patients complain of and
      exhibit disturbances of a cognitive nature. The etiology behind this
      encephalopathy is less well understood. Disturbed CSF-hydrodynamics and/or spasm
      in the lentriculostriate and thalamoperforating vessels might be responsible for
      such disturbances. This study comprised 56 patients subjected to early aneurysm
      operation, of whom 21 received intravenous nimodipine during the critical phase
      for SAH-induced vasoconstriction. There was no difference in cognitive
      disturbances measured with a specifically conceived battery of psychometric test
      instruments 2 years or more after SAH and surgery.

PMID- 3354312
TI  - Persistent hyperCKemia: fourteen patients studied in retrospect.
AB  - Fourteen patients with persistently raised serum creatine kinase activity
      (hyperCKemia) were studied in retrospect. Clinical and laboratory findings did
      not point to any established neuromuscular disorder. In 8, manual occupation with
      local muscle strain apparently caused the hyperCKemia despite a low total work
      load. One patient had subclinical hypothyroidism with a normal serum thyroxine
      and and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone level. CK normalized with L
      thyroxine therapy. In 2, including one manual worker, myoadenylate deaminase was
      deficient. The hyperCKemia remained unexplained in 4 patients.

PMID- 3354313
TI  - Myelopathy in AIDS. A clinical and electrophysiological study of 23 Danish
      patients.
AB  - In a cross-sectional population study of Danish patients with AIDS 16 of 23 had
      clinical signs of neurological disease with muscle weakness or ataxia of the
      lower limbs as the dominant manifestation. Tibial and median nerve conduction was
      mildly slowed in a few patients and 15 had widening of cerebral ventricles at CT.
      However, all had prolonged latency of cortical evoked response following tibial
      nerve stimulation mainly due to slowing through the spinal cord. The prolongation
      of the latency of the evoked cortical responses was most pronounced in patients
      with lower limb ataxia and/or paresis. It is concluded that affection of the long
      tracts of the spinal cord are closely associated with the human immunodeficiency
      virus infection.

PMID- 3354314
TI  - Organic brain syndrome treated with oxiracetam.

PMID- 3354315
TI  - Socket location in total hip replacement. Preoperative computed tomography and
      computer simulation.
AB  - For choosing the size and location of the acetabular component, we have developed
      a three-dimensional simulation system based on computerized tomography and a
      microcomputer. In 34 cases of coxarthrosis secondary to congenital dysplasia or
      dislocation, the system provided valuable preoperative information.

PMID- 3354316
TI  - Range of movement poor index of hip function.
AB  - Conventional systems of assessing the hip before and after surgery use the range
      of movement as an indicator of functional results. We found that the range of
      movement, defined as the flexion arc or the total range, is a poor indicator of
      function as measured by ability to reach the feet. A different and more direct
      basis for assessing function is proposed.

PMID- 3354317
TI  - Intraarticular pressure during operation of cervical hip fractures.
AB  - The intraarticular pressure was measured during nailing of femoral neck fractures
      in 21 patients. A three-flanged nail or three screws were used randomly. During
      traction and inward rotation of the leg, the intracapsular pressure increased
      over diastolic values, but as soon as the lateral cortex was penetrated, the
      pressure dropped. The hammering of the nail did not increase the intraarticular
      pressure.

PMID- 3354318
TI  - Bone mass in women with hip fracture.
AB  - The bone mineral density was determined by dual-photon absorptiometry on the
      proximal femur in 32 women with femoral neck fractures, 30 with trochanteric
      fractures, 39 with a fracture elsewhere than the hip, and 16 premenopausal
      healthy women. Single-photon absorptiometry was performed at two sites on the
      radius. The bone mineral density in the neck and intertrochanteric area was
      greater in the women with femoral neck fractures than in those with trochanteric
      fractures. The bone mineral distribution in the proximal femur was essentially
      the same for the femoral neck fracture group as for the reference group of
      healthy women. Neither the Singh index, determined in radiographs, nor the
      measurements on the radius by single photon absorptiometry provided a reliable
      estimate of the bone mineral density in the proximal femur.

PMID- 3354319
TI  - No effect of growth hormone on recovery of load-protected bone. Cortical bone
      mass and strength studied in rabbits.
AB  - The effect of human growth hormone on the recovery of a previously atrophied
      diaphyseal bone, stress-shielded by plating, was studied in 56 adult rabbits
      using the contralateral tibia as a control. At removal of the plates, an initial
      40 per cent reduction of torsional strength was seen. The strength was normalized
      in 3 weeks. A concomitant reduction of bone mineral density was normalized in 1.5
      weeks. No difference in the rate of strength regeneration was found between
      growth hormone-treated rabbits and controls. In the treated rabbits an increase
      in cortical bone area due to subperiosteal new bone formation was seen in
      previously plated bones, as well as in sham-operated bones.

PMID- 3354320
TI  - Osteogenic capacity of cultured human periosteal cells.
AB  - We developed a culture system of cells isolated from juvenile human periosteum.
      The culture consisted of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. Both types of
      cells had intense alkaline phosphatase activity maintained in subculture. When
      these cells, loaded into diffusion chambers, were implanted subcutaneously in
      rats, cartilage tissue was mainly formed and bone was seen scantily. 1 alpha-OH
      D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 increased the alkaline phosphatase activity and proteoglycan
      synthesis in the periosteal cells. Calcitonin also stimulated the proteoglycan
      synthesis, but parathyroid hormone had no effect.

PMID- 3354321
TI  - Function after distal radius fracture.
AB  - Follow-up of 154 patients 3.5 years after a distal radius fracture treated by
      reduction and immobilization in plaster demonstrated that the initial
      displacement influenced their function. The classification of Older et al. (1965)
      was prognostic for the outcome. Residual deformity had the greatest influence on
      the function. The most frequent late problem was instability and tenderness in
      the distal radioulnar joint.

PMID- 3354322
TI  - Uncertain effect of indomethacin on physeal growth injury. Experiments in
      rabbits.
AB  - Growth arrest and shortening remain significant sequelae of growth-plate
      injuries. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, known to inhibit callus and bone
      formation, may be useful to diminish callus-induced growth effects after
      epiphyseal fracture. In this study, we created a longitudinal osteotomy of the
      medial distal femoral condyle in 54 rabbits to model a Type IV epiphyseal
      fracture. We treated half with indomethacin and half with normal saline for 6
      weeks. Nineteen animals of each group developed deformity, with indomethacin
      treated animals averaging only slightly less angulation than the controls.
      However, the mean femoral shortening was less in the indomethacin-treated animals
      as compared with the controls.

PMID- 3354323
TI  - Bone and joint tuberculosis in Denmark.
AB  - Epidemiologic data on 100 patients with bone and joint tuberculosis reported in
      Denmark from 1980 to 1984 are presented. The annual incidence of skeletal
      tuberculosis remained unchanged during the period, although most other forms of
      tuberculosis showed a decreasing trend. Eighteen per cent of all the cases of
      bone and joint tuberculosis were found among young first generation immigrants,
      notably from Asia. In the native Danish population, bone and joint tuberculosis
      was almost exclusively found among the elderly. The lesions were most common in
      the spine and hip. Thirty per cent of the patients had a previous history of
      pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 3354324
TI  - Femoral neck retention in hip arthroplasty. A cadaver study of mechanical
      effects.
AB  - The compression forces on the medial cortex of the femoral neck were measured in
      6 cadaver specimens using pressure-sensitive film. A hip prosthesis was loaded in
      an Instron machine comparing the situation with retained versus resected neck.
      The results indicate that retaining the neck can be mechanically valuable.

PMID- 3354325
TI  - Cervical instability in skeletal dysplasia. Report of 6 surgically fused cases.
AB  - Six patients with skeletal dysplasias complicated by deformity or instability of
      the cervical spine were reviewed. Three patients had congenital
      spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and 1 each suffered from Morquio's syndrome,
      pseudoachondroplasia, and chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita. Four patients
      had myelopathy of varying severity from slight weakness of one leg to
      tetraplegia. At a mean age of 6 (3-11) years, they underwent posterior fusion and
      immobilization in a halo brace. In all the cases the extent of postoperative
      neurologic recovery was, however, limited. Our cases illustrate the need of early
      diagnosis and fusion of cervical instability.

PMID- 3354326
TI  - Syncope as a premonitory sign of fatal pulmonary embolism. Two case reports.
AB  - Two patients suddenly died of massive pulmonary embolism 3 weeks after hip
      surgery. In retrospect, several episodes of syncope starting during the first
      postoperative week were recognized as premonitory signs of the fatal outcome.

PMID- 3354327
TI  - Giant cell tumor in a patient with osteopoikilosis.
AB  - A giant cell tumor developed in the distal femur of a 26-year-old man with
      preexisting osteopoikilosis. The authors are not aware of previous similar
      reports. Both conditions are rare, but a causal relationship between them remains
      unconfirmed.

PMID- 3354328
TI  - Femoral shaft fracture after hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Femoral shaft fractures after hip arthroplasties were treated in 74 noncemented
      hemiarthroplasties and 65 cemented arthroplasties. In loose prostheses the best
      clinical results and the least number of operations were achieved with revision
      arthroplasty with a long-stem prosthesis, combined with simple internal fixation
      methods when applicable. In firmly fixed prostheses the results of revision
      arthroplasty and traction treatment were similar. Cemented revision arthroplasty
      did not interfere with fracture union. Internal fixation with the prosthesis in
      situ cannot be recommended because of a large number of secondary revision
      arthroplasties and nonunions. Removal of the femoral stem prosthesis and internal
      fixation nearly always require a secondary revision and cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3354329
TI  - Postnatal development of renal function in very low birthweight infants.
AB  - The postnatal development of renal function was compared in infants with a
      gestational age of 25-30 weeks, mean 27.8 weeks (GA 28), and in infants with a
      gestational age of 31-34 weeks, mean 32.5 weeks (GA 32). The infants were
      comparable with regard to postnatal course, fluid, caloric and salt intake.
      Observations were made during the 1st, 2nd and 4th-7th (mean 5th) postnatal
      weeks. From the 1st to the 5th postnatal week the creatinine clearance (CCr
      ml/min/1.73 m2), increased from 11 to 20 in GA 28 and from 15 to 30 in GA 32. At
      2 weeks of age CCr was significantly lower in GA 28 than in GA 32. During the
      first week of life diuresis was lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 but thereafter was
      the same in both groups. We interpret this as a sign of dehydration in GA 28.
      Serum arginine vasopressin (S-AVP) concentrations were high in both groups at all
      ages. Mean urine osmolality was low (less than 300) regardless of postnatal age
      and S-AVP. Urinary sodium excretion was high at 1 week of age in both groups and
      decreased with increasing postnatal age. Na excretion was slightly higher in GA
      28 than in GA 32 at 1 but not at 2 and 5 weeks. UK/UNa was below 1 in both groups
      during the first week of life and increased with postnatal age. Urinary
      aldosterone excretion was high in both GA 28 and GA 32 at all ages. Serum sodium
      levels were lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 at all ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3354330
TI  - Serum vitamin A levels in mothers and their breast-fed term infants with or
      without supplemental vitamin A.
AB  - Serum concentrations of vitamin A were measured in term infants (n = 72) and
      their mothers at delivery and after 20 weeks of breast-feeding (n = 48). During
      the 20 weeks the infants received either no supplemental vitamin A (but the
      mothers were given 3,000 IU vitamin A daily) (n = 16) or a daily vitamin A
      supplementation of 600 (n = 17) or 1,500 IU (n = 15). After 20 weeks of breast
      feeding the vitamin A levels in the unsupplemented infants were similar to those
      at birth. The infants supplemented either with 600 or 1,500 IU had higher vitamin
      A serum levels than at birth (p less than 0.01), however, there was no difference
      between the two supplemented groups. During lactation, the serum vitamin A
      concentrations of the mothers increased significantly in all groups with or
      without vitamin A supplementation.

PMID- 3354331
TI  - Plasma fatty acid composition during the first week of life following feeding
      with human milk or formula.
AB  - Plasma fatty acids were studied in 20 full-term newborn infants fed human milk
      and in 17 newborn infants of identical characteristics fed an adapted cow's milk
      formula. Plasma fatty acids were measured in cord blood and at 7-9 days of age.
      No differences were present at birth but, after a period of feeding, infants
      receiving breast milk had higher plasma concentrations of stearic acid, di-homo
      gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, while infants receiving formula had a
      higher plasma concentration of oleic acid. The importance of these findings in
      relation to the lipidic structure of the nervous system remains to be determined.

PMID- 3354332
TI  - A comparison of the mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio and ponderal
      index for the evaluation of newborn infants after abnormal intrauterine growth.
AB  - We studied the accuracy of the ponderal index and the mid-arm circumference/head
      circumference ratio for detecting newborn infants who were likely to be
      symptomatic because of aberrant intrauterine growth. Sixty infants were evaluated
      because of suspected intrauterine growth retardation; both the mean ponderal
      index and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio were significantly lower
      in the group of 30 symptomatic infants than in the group of 30 asymptomatic
      infants (p less than 0.05). However, the mid-arm circumference/head circumference
      ratio identified a significantly higher percentage of the symptomatic infants
      than the ponderal index (80% vs. 47%; p = 0.007). An additional 60 infants were
      evaluated because of suspected abnormal intrauterine growth acceleration. The
      mean mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio, but not the ponderal index,
      was significantly higher in the group of 30 symptomatic infants than in the group
      of 30 asymptomatic infants (p less than 0.005). Again, the mid-arm
      circumference/head circumference ratio identified a significantly higher
      percentage of the symptomatic infants than the ponderal index (79% vs. 33%; p
      less than 0.001). The mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio is more
      accurate than the ponderal index for the evaluation of potentially symptomatic
      newborn infants who suffered abnormal fetal growth. The ponderal index is not
      useful for the detection of symptomatic large-for-dates infants.

PMID- 3354333
TI  - Difficulties in psychological adjustment to a new neonatal screening programme.
AB  - Previous studies have shown the impact of psychological stress in neonatal
      screening where the test result turns out to be false-positive. The families in
      these studies received standardized medical and psychological support in
      connection with the clinical examination of their newborns. It was thus of
      interest to study the effect of making the same neonatal screening procedures-
      i.e., for congenital hypothyroidism--a part of the routine. Eleven families, who
      had been routinely examined at one of the five pediatric clinics in Stockholm
      were investigated. In the present study the same method as in previous studies
      was used, but the interviews were done 1-4 years after the screening. The
      psychological experiences of the parents were assessed with the aid of
      hypothetical models based on psychoanalytical theory. Only two families had a
      satisfactory outcome and nine families had experienced the clinical procedures as
      chaotic. The mother-child relationship and the child's development were
      clinically evaluated. In six families the relationship was affected but only one
      child appeared to be disturbed. In conclusion, the development of routines for
      screening newborns is very important and the psychological needs of parents must
      be considered, even when the test result is false positive.

PMID- 3354334
TI  - Neonatal screening: life-stress scores in families given a false-positive result.
AB  - In a previous study the psychological reactions to a false-positive result of a
      neonatal screening test were studied in 102 families. The present study deals
      with life-stress factors in the same families at the time of screening. The
      number of factors are used to denote a life-stress score and the families have
      been divided into two groups: those with high and those with low scores. The
      children's physical health during the first year and the changes in the families
      during the five years after the screening have also been investigated. There were
      no large differences between the two groups of families; however, the mothers in
      families with high scores more often breastfed their children for less than two
      months, more frequently required medical care during the infants' first year of
      life and were more often separated during the first five years.

PMID- 3354335
TI  - Psychological problems in relation to neonatal screening programmes.

PMID- 3354336
TI  - Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in severely dehydrated children with and
      without convulsions.
AB  - Tetanic convulsions are not uncommon among severely dehydrated children in the
      developing countries. This raises the question whether these children have
      disturbances in the homeostasis of divalent ions. Serum values are reported of
      calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium, as well as blood pH in
      children below 3 years of age with acute watery diarrhoea and with an estimated
      weight loss of about 10%. The study was performed on dehydrated children with
      (DC) or without (D) convulsions. Values were obtained on admission and following
      rehydration therapy (RT). On admission serum calcium was low in both D and DC
      children. Serum phosphorus was likewise elevated in both D and DC children. Serum
      magnesium was slightly elevated in the DC but not in the D group. No patient had
      hypernatremia. During RT, serum calcium increased significantly and serum
      phosphorus decreased significantly in D and DC children. Serum calcium showed a
      significant inverse correlation with serum phosphorus and a significant direct
      correlation with blood pH. Treatment of DC children with i.v. calcium and i.m.
      magnesium had no immediate effect on the convulsions. Our conclusion is that
      severely dehydrated children will develop hypocalcemia. The cause may be a
      redistribution of calcium into the cells, parallelled by a redistribution of
      phosphorus from the intra- to the extracellular space.

PMID- 3354337
TI  - Transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy. Fifteen new cases.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase was assayed as part of the routine examinations performed in
      all children hospitalized for the first time in our ward. Fifteen children had
      transient hyperphosphatasemia of infancy (THI). Their clinical features suggested
      the presence of an infectious agent.

PMID- 3354338
TI  - Childhood mortality in relation to nutritional status and water supply--a
      prospective study from rural Malawi.
AB  - In connection with the introduction of an improved method of water supply in
      rural Malawi, the nutritional status, morbidity, and mortality among 1,178
      children under five were studied during three rainy and three dry seasons. Data
      were collected at fortnightly home interviews. Nutritional assessment was made
      twice a year. One hundred and thirty-seven of the children died during the study
      period, and the probability of dying before the age of five was estimated to 270
      per 1,000 children. The mortality risk was related to weight for height (p less
      than 0.001) and height for age (p less than 0.01) as well as to upper arm
      circumference (p less than 0.001) and triceps skinfold (p less than 0.05).
      Mortality among children living in households using the new, piped-water supply
      tended to be lower than mortality for those using traditional water sources,
      although the difference was not statistically significant (relative risk 0.4, 95%
      confidence interval 0.1-1.3).

PMID- 3354339
TI  - The effect of reduction of maintenance treatment on circadian variation in peak
      expiratory flow rate values in asthmatic children.
AB  - We investigated in well controlled asthmatic children whether it is possible to
      predict by measuring daytime forced expiratory volume in one second, the decline
      in nocturnal peak expiratory flow rate values after withdrawal of maintenance
      medication. Forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate
      were measured in the outpatient clinic, on the last day with medication. Peak
      expiratory flow rates were then measured every four hours on days 4, 5 and 6
      without medication. Seventeen children showed an amplitude in circadian peak
      expiratory flow rate values of more than 20% (group I) and nine children showed
      an amplitude of 20% or less on the three study days (group II). Mean values +/-
      SEM were 34.7 +/- 2.1% and 10.5 +/- 1.5%, respectively. Forced expiratory volume
      in one second values were comparable in both groups. Daytime peak expiratory flow
      rate values before and after withdrawal, remained on the same level in both
      groups. In group I peak expiratory flow rate values of 24.00 and 08.00 hours on
      day 6 were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than on day 4. The results
      indicate that history and daytime pulmonary function measurements alone, are
      insufficient to assess the clinical situation and suggest that a decrease in
      early morning peak expiratory flow rate value (08.00 hours) is an early sign of
      deterioration of the disease state, after reduction of medication.

PMID- 3354340
TI  - Natural killer cell function in atopic dermatitis.
AB  - The natural killer cell activity was studied in 41 children with mild, moderate
      and severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and in 37 controls. The natural killer cell
      function of lymphocytes was reduced in atopic children (mean +/- SD 21.92 +/-
      6.18% vs. 43.87 +/- 5.80%; p less than 0.0001). This decrease was not related to
      the IgE serum level. A negative correlation was found between natural killer cell
      activity and the clinical severity of AD (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001). Natural
      killer cell function was re-evaluated after 9 months in 27 children during a
      quiescent phase of AD; it was still low, but to a lesser degree (27.66 +/- 5.42%,
      in the quiescent phase, vs. 43.87 +/- 5.80, controls; p less than 0.0001). The
      reduced natural killer cell activity seems related to the disease activity.

PMID- 3354341
TI  - Renal function and albumin excretion during exercise in children during remission
      of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Six patients with the minimal change nephrotic syndrome in remission and seven
      healthy controls were investigated with regard to renal haemodynamics and albumin
      excretion before, during and after exercise. The glomerular filtration rate and
      effective renal plasma flow were determined by a standard clearance method,
      employing continuous infusion of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid.
      Microalbuminuria was measured by an immunoturbidimetric method. The work load was
      standardized at 70% of the maximal working capacity and was applied for 20 min.
      During exercise there was a significant fall in the glomerular filtration rate
      and effective renal plasma flow and a significant rise in the filtration
      fraction. The pattern of renal haemodynamic changes did not differ between the
      groups. Nor was there any statistically significant difference in urinary albumin
      excretion, although the exercise-induced increase in albumin excretion of the
      controls did not reach statistical significance. It is concluded that the renal
      haemodynamics and urinary albumin excretion of children having long remissions of
      the minimal change nephrotic syndrome are normal at rest as well as during and
      after a submaximal exercise test.

PMID- 3354342
TI  - Blood pressure and body size in precocious puberty.
AB  - Blood pressure increases with age in normal children. This increase appears to be
      related to body size. To assess the role of body size as a determinant of blood
      pressure in precocious puberty, we compared the blood pressure of 81 children
      with precocious puberty with the blood pressure standards for normal children
      from the NHLBI Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. Children with
      precocious puberty had significantly increased blood pressure for chronologic age
      (p less than 0.05) but generally appropriate blood pressure for height age or
      weight age. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased body
      size causes the increased blood pressure for chronologic age in children with
      precocious puberty. Physicians who evaluate such children should assess whether
      blood pressure is appropriate for height age rather than chronologic age.

PMID- 3354343
TI  - Incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria 1979-1984.
AB  - The mean annual incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria was 7.22
      cases per 100,000 with a year to year variation of 6.09-8.67 per 100,000. A
      seasonal variation of onset, with peaks in autumn and winter and with lower rates
      in summer in children older than 4 years, could be observed. The peak incidence
      in girls occurred at 11-12 years and preceded the highest incidence in boys by 1
      2 years. Both sexes showed a small peak around 6 years of age. The male to female
      ratio was 1.2/1. Compared to epidemiologic studies in north-western Europe the
      incidence of childhood diabetes in Austria is low, however higher than in France
      or Italy.

PMID- 3354344
TI  - Does control affect growth in diabetes mellitus?
AB  - Factors affecting the growth of 67 diabetic children were analysed
      retrospectively. The effects of age, sex, three year average glycosylated
      haemoglobin (HbA1) levels, time since diagnosis and age at diagnosis were
      assessed on the change in the child's height standard deviation score (SDS) over
      three years, as well as the change in height SDS from diagnosis. No correlation
      between these factors was noted over a three year period; however, there was a
      strong correlation (p less than 0.001) in the change in height SDS from diagnosis
      with the age of the child and time from diagnosis. Multiple regression analysis
      revealed that the younger the child at original diagnosis, the less the height
      SDS loss, and also that in younger children the age of the child and not the time
      from diagnosis was the more important variable in deciding the loss in height
      SDS. No correlation existed between HbA1 levels and either the short or long term
      growth of patients in this study.

PMID- 3354345
TI  - Low serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G, A, and M in children on low
      antigenic charge diets.

PMID- 3354346
TI  - Failure to thrive due to subclinical maternal pernicious anemia.

PMID- 3354347
TI  - Anaphylaxis and angioedema due to rubber allergy in children.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity to rubber chemicals is well known but there are an
      increasing number of case reports on an immediate type of hypersensitivity
      inducing contact urticaria and anaphylaxis in adults. We now report on three
      atopic children who developed angioedema, which in two of them progressed to
      anaphylaxis after exposure to natural rubber products. All three patients showed
      positive skin prick tests and one had a positive RAST test to latex from the
      rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). It is clear that sensitized subjects are at
      risk of developing anaphylaxis when exposed to natural rubber products, e.g.
      during medical examination or surgery when rubber gloves are used.

PMID- 3354348
TI  - Relapse of Hodgkin's disease with anaemia and weight loss.
AB  - Two children previously treated for Hodgkin's disease had relapse associated with
      anaemia and weight loss but no other abnormal clinical findings. It was not
      possible to confirm the diagnosis by bone marrow aspirate or trephine and in each
      case laparotomy was required in order to establish a histological diagnosis.

PMID- 3354349
TI  - Arachidonic acid level of non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids in serum
      and heart muscle of patients with fatal myocardial infarction.
AB  - The relationship between non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in serum and heart
      muscle was examined in 15 patients who died of myocardial infarction (MI) and
      seven people who died suddenly in accidents. There was no correlation between
      NEFA levels of serum and non-infarcted cardiac muscle in patients with fatal MI.
      No significant difference was encountered in cardiac NEFA content between
      patients with fatal MI and people who died in accidents. The phospholipid (PL)
      content was significantly lower in patients with fatal MI than observed in people
      who died in accidents. The arachidonic acid (20:4 (n-6)) concentration of serum
      NEFA was significantly lower in patients with fatal MI compared to normal
      subjects. The cardiac NEFA and PL in patients with fatal MI contained
      significantly lower percentage levels of arachidonic acid compared to people who
      died in accidents. The results indicate that the death of the MI patients was not
      accompanied by elevated cardiac NEFA levels.

PMID- 3354350
TI  - The effect of atenolol on the left ventricular performance in patients with
      angina pectoris measured with isotope technique.
AB  - Working capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume and the
      phase of the left ventricular contraction were tested before and after 3 weeks of
      atenolol treatment in 14 patients with angina pectoris and coronary insufficiency
      diagnosed by thallium tomography. Eight patients (group A) increased their EF
      during exercise and six patients (group B) showed a decrease in EF when tested
      with placebo. When treated with atenolol the changes in EF during exercise were
      reversed in the two groups. Group B increased and group A decreased their EF.
      Atenolol caused an increase in working capacity in group B, but not in group A.
      In both groups atenolol caused an increased stroke volume and a decreased phase
      deviation at rest, while no significant volume changes or phase changes occurred
      during exercise. These results indicate that atenolol treatment had the most
      marked effect in patients with the most pronounced disease.

PMID- 3354351
TI  - Diagnosis and management of acute aortic dissection, clinical and radiological
      follow-up.
AB  - A clinical series of acute aortic dissections is presented. Twenty cases were of
      type A and 10 of type B. Acute severe chest pain was common, in type A also blood
      pressure difference between the arms and aortic regurgitation. The diagnosis was
      established by echocardiography, computerized tomography and/or aortography.
      Antihypertensive therapy was instituted immediately after diagnosis and was in
      type A cases followed by acute surgery unless definite contraindications existed.
      Of 14 surgically treated type A patients 13 survived the operation. On follow-up
      1.5-3.5 years later, 12 patients were still alive and doing well, but the false
      channel remained open in all cases where it had not been resected totally. Only
      one of six conservatively treated type A patients survived. Type B dissections
      were operated on only if conservative therapy failed. Four of five conservatively
      and two of five surgically treated type B patients survived.

PMID- 3354352
TI  - Autoimmunity related to IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
      Peripheral neuropathy and connective tissue sensibilization caused by IgM M
      proteins.
AB  - In eight of 10 consecutive cases of IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined
      significance (MGUS), the M-protein had specificity towards various tissues as
      estimated by direct and indirect immunofluorescence studies of skin and/or sural
      nerve biopsies. Five of the cases had neuropathy. In three of them, including two
      siblings with a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, the IgM was bound to the
      myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) of peripheral nerves. One had axonal
      neuropathy with IgM activity against the peri- and endoneurium, while another
      case with post-infectious neuritis had IgM activity against structures in the
      endoneurium but no IgM autoimmunity in the direct fluorescence test. The latter
      improved clinically in parallel with a decrease in the M-protein indicating a
      pathogenetic role of the autoantibody. In three other cases, the IgM was bound to
      connective tissue structures, two of them also had plasma antibodies against the
      peri- and endoneurium in the indirect fluorescence test. Finally, two cases
      showed no reaction of the M-protein against any tissue structures. Since an
      autoimmune pathogenesis is suspected, the HLA types of seven patients are
      reported.

PMID- 3354353
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of chloral hydrate poisoning treated with hemodialysis and
      hemoperfusion.
AB  - In a severe case of chloral hydrate intoxication treated with combined
      hemodialysis and hemoperfusion the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites
      trichloroethanol (TCE), trichloroethanol glucuronide (TCE-Glu) and
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were studied. Indications of delayed absorption and
      some slowing of metabolism were found. At a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min
      clearances by hemodialysis and hemoperfusion, respectively, in ml/min were
      estimated to be 188 and 156 for TCE, 184 and 181 for TCE-Glu, 142 and 91 for TCA.
      Clearance by hemoperfusion declined with time. The half-lives of TCE and TCA were
      3.2 and 4.3 hours during combined hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. After
      termination of treatment the half-life of TCE was 12.8 hours, whereas TCA was
      metabolized so slowly, that no reliable calculation could be performed. We
      conclude that hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are equally and highly efficient in
      the treatment of chloral hydrate poisoning, but hemoperfusion may increase the
      risk of gastric bleeding more than hemodialysis. Hemodialysis may therefore be
      preferable and should be tried in spite of low blood pressure.

PMID- 3354354
TI  - Non-invasive recognition of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
AB  - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia causes ventricular arrhythmias and
      sometimes heart failure. The condition is easily overlooked, but once suspected,
      it may be diagnosed non-invasively. This is illustrated by the case reported. The
      clinical features of this syndrome are discussed, with special emphasis on the
      non-invasive findings.

PMID- 3354355
TI  - A case of multiple extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas.
AB  - A case report of a 37-year-old previously healthy man who contracted hypertension
      and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Urinary catecholamine excretion was
      elevated. A total of nine benign pheochromocytomas with characteristic
      histological appearance were successfully removed. Most of the tumors were
      located extra-adrenally in the upper abdomen and in the pelvis. Two of the tumors
      were found in organ plexuses in the mesocolon sigmoideum and in the anterior wall
      of prostata. Because of asynchronous tumor growth a life-long follow-up is
      recommended.

PMID- 3354356
TI  - Prognosis after acute subdural or epidural haemorrhage.
AB  - In a series of 171 patients suffering acute subdural haemorrhage (SDH) (111
      patients) or epidural haemorrhage (EDH) (60 patients) after closed head injury
      accumulated during the years 1978-1985 at the University Hospital of Graz, the
      mortality rate and the grade of clinical recovery were evaluated. The overall
      mortality in acute SDH was 57%, in acute EDH 25%, the percentages of good
      recoveries--full recovery and minimal neurologic deficit--25 and 58%,
      respectively. Outcome was found to be predominantly influenced by the
      preoperative state of consciousness, associated brain lesions, and, in comatose
      patients, the duration of the time interval between onset of coma and surgical
      decompression. When this interval exceeded two hours, mortality from SDH rose
      from 47 to 80% (good outcomes 32 and 4%, respectively). In acute EDH an interval
      under two hours lead to 17% mortality and 67% of good recoveries compared to 65%
      mortality and 13% of good recoveries after an interval of more than two hours.
      Age and concomitant injuries of other body regions proved to be of secondary
      importance.

PMID- 3354357
TI  - Long-term observations in cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas.
AB  - Twenty-six cases with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas were followed up for
      periods ranging between 4 months and 9 years 8 months. A complete regression of
      symptoms without reappearance for more than 6 months was noted in 19 cases, a
      marked improvement in 2 cases, and a moderate regression in 3 cases. In 2 cases,
      symptoms have continued for 9 years 8 months and for 1 year. The regression of
      symptoms was usually delayed in patients less than 60 years old, in cases in
      which the symptoms developed slowly, and in cases with multiple draining veins.
      According to our observations a regression of symptoms may occur after very
      slight changes of haemodynamics. Compression of the cervical carotid artery for a
      short time or a temporary occlusion of the carotid artery by a balloon catheter
      should be considered as the treatment of choice in the first instance in cases
      with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistulas showing relatively low pressure and
      low flow shunt.

PMID- 3354358
TI  - Intracranial meningiomas in the elderly (over 70 years old). A retrospective
      study of 30 surgical cases.
AB  - The decision to operate on a patient older than 70 years for an intracranial
      meningioma is always difficult. Therefore a series of meningiomas treated
      surgically in 30 cases older than 70 years has been reconsidered and studied
      according to the following parameters: Karnofsky's rating scale, physiological
      status of the patient (A.S.A. criteria), perifocal oedema and mass effect. The
      locations of the meningiomas were: convexity 13, parasagittal 6, falx 2, pterion
      (sphenoid ridge) 5, orbito-cranial 3, jugum sphenoidale 1, tentorium (occipital)
      1. Postoperative survival at day 30 shows a mortality rate of 23% which increases
      to 37% at day 90 including causes like decubitus ulcers and 3 cases of fatal
      pulmonary embolism. In a comparable series of 31 cases from 60 to 70 years,
      mortality rate was only 16% at day 90. Two parameters seem essential for
      quantifying surgical risk: clinical status, oedema and mass effect, evaluated by
      CT scan. The best conditions seem combined when Karnofsky rating scale is higher
      than or equal to 50 with no or only limited perifocal hypodensity and without
      mass effect. Although meningiomas may remain dormant for many years or can be
      kept under control medically for some time, their development is unpredictable.
      We think therefore that a reasonable surgical risk can be taken on patients with
      good physical status and favourable parameters at the time of diagnosis,
      particularly if the meningioma is located at the convexity where the risk of
      recurrence is minimal. On the other hand, patients with unfavourable parameters
      are not recommended for surgery.

PMID- 3354359
TI  - A plea for postero-lateral orbitotomy for microsurgical removal of tumours of the
      orbital apex.
AB  - Lateral orbitotomy including the lateral rim of the orbit allows adequate
      surgical exposure for most intraorbital tumours. However, by dealing with
      intraconal lesions located deep at the orbital apex, the control of the posterior
      aspect of the growth is often less than optimal. The postero-lateral route, with
      bone removal mainly confined to the greater sphenoidal wing, allows a more direct
      approach to the posterior portion of these lesions along a plane tangential to
      the lateral aspect of the temporal pole. A modified surgical technique is
      reported, which in three consecutive cases allowed radical removal of pure apical
      tumours without added neurological deficits.

PMID- 3354360
TI  - Clinical long-term results of anterior discectomy without fusion for treatment of
      cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. A follow-up of 164 cases.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1983, 251 patients underwent surgery for the treatment of
      cervical degenerative disc disease. Anterior microsurgical discectomy at one or
      more cervical segments without interbody fusion was performed in each case. 109
      patients with radiculopathy and 55 patients with myelopathy were followed up
      clinically 1 to 8 years postoperatively. A soft disc lesion was found in 72, a
      hard disc lesion in 92 patients. Of all radicular symptoms and signs, brachialgia
      and motor deficits of the upper extremities showed the highest improvement rates.
      The medullary complaints were improved in 80%, the progression of the disease was
      arrested in 93% of myelopathic cases. An excellent or good long-term result was
      achieved in 82% of patients with radiculopathy and 55% of those with myelopathy.
      The outcome was best in cases with soft disc lesions, with monosegmental disease,
      in individuals under 50 years of age, and in patients with a sudden onset and a
      short duration of symptoms. These results are comparable with those obtained by
      other surgical methods.

PMID- 3354361
TI  - Transcranial Dopplersonography of the vertebro-basilar system.
AB  - This is the first investigation of distances, angles and locations of the
      vascular system in the posterior fossa. The distances from the skin surface of
      the neck, where a Doppler probe is positioned for transforaminal insonation, to
      the brainsystem have been measured in sagittal MRI pictures. The mean distance
      from the insonation point to the beginning of the basilar artery (BA) is 66.6 mm
      in males, 58.8 in females. The distance to the end of the BA is 90.0 and 80.4,
      respectively. These distances are relevant for locating the vertebral and basilar
      arteries. The insonation angles to the VA and BA range from 20 degrees to 30
      degrees. Correlations with Doppler findings are discussed.

PMID- 3354362
TI  - An anatomical and clinical investigation of spinal meningeal nerves.
AB  - Anatomical studies on nerve roots obtained from autopsied subjects indicated that
      meningeal innervations of the dura surrounding spinal nerves are more numerous in
      the lumbar and cervical regions. They are most abundant near the surface of the
      dura, and on the ventral, lateral and ventro-lateral aspects of the spinal nerve
      root dura. A denervation procedure was conceived and carried out on 28 patients,
      8 of which were failed discs. The results indicated that these nerves subserve
      the function of pain and their denervation may ameliorate such pain.

PMID- 3354363
TI  - Effect of intracisternal thromboxane A2 analogue on cerebral artery permeability.
AB  - Thromboxane, a highly vasoactive substance, is found in the cerebrospinal fluid
      of patients and experimental animals following subarachnoid haemorrhage. A stable
      synthetic analogue of thromboxane A2 was administered intracisternally in
      rabbits. This resulted in an increase in endothelial permeability of the major
      cerebral arteries to Evans Blue dye and horseradish peroxidase. Thromboxane may
      be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm and may be related to the
      contrast enhancement of the arteries in the basal cisterns on CT scans of
      patients who are prone to develop arterial narrowing.

PMID- 3354364
TI  - Experimental spinal cord injury: lumbar vertebra resection to shorten the gap
      between spinal cord stumps.
AB  - Experimental spinal cord transection injuries followed by spinal cord destruction
      and gentle resection of the destructed cord tissue necessarily lead to a gap
      between both of the cord stumps. For any attempts to reconstruct the cord or to
      bridge this gap by transplantation it may be useful to narrow or close the gap.
      This can be done by vertebral resection. The technique of upper lumbar vertebra
      resection in cats and rabbits with and without spinal cord lesion is presented.
      The spine is shortened by approximately 20 mm by spondylectomy. This length
      exceeds the 10-14 mm long gap in the spinal cord which is created by a spinal
      cord crush injury using haemostatic forceps and the subsequent destruction zone
      resection which is performed seven days later. The upper lumbar vertebra is
      resected by the posterior approach and the spinal cord is sufficiently exposed to
      perform spinal cord reconstruction experiments.

PMID- 3354365
TI  - Position of the patient during neurosurgical procedures on the posterior fossa.

PMID- 3354366
TI  - Assessment of responsiveness in acute cerebral disorders. A multicentre study on
      the reaction level scale (RLS 85).
AB  - A new scale for assessment of overall responsiveness, the Reaction Level Scale
      (RLS 85), which has been shown to have better reliability than the Glasgow Coma
      Scale (GCS), has been tested in four neurosurgical departments regarding inter
      observer agreement and coverage i.e. the proportion of patients that could be
      assessed by the scale. In a carefully designed study 51 observers pairwise
      performed 164 tests on 88 patients. Reliability was studied by the Kappa method,
      which is defined as inter-observer agreement corrected for agreement by chance.
      The inter-observer agreement measured as overall Kappa was good (K = 0.69 +/-
      0.05) and there were no significant differences between the departments,
      professional categories or aetiologies. Regarding the separate RLS 85 levels the
      Kappa values were above 0.65, except for withdrawing (K = 0.51) and flexor
      responses (K = 0.55). There was good inter-observer agreement on coma (K = 0.71).
      In conclusion, the RLS 85 proved to be easily learnt, it showed full coverage
      without pseudoscoring, and it was used in a consistent way by doctors, nurses and
      assistant nurses of four different neurosurgical departments in two Scandinavian
      countries.

PMID- 3354367
TI  - Acute surgery for intracerebral haematomas caused by rupture of an intracranial
      arterial aneurysm. A prospective randomized study.
AB  - In a randomized prospective study, 15 patients with an intracerebral haematoma
      caused by an intracranial aneurysm were treated concervatively and 15 operated on
      as an emergency. Mortality was 12/15 (80%) in the conservative group and 4/15
      (27%) in the surgical group. The difference is statistically significant. The
      deaths in the conservative group were caused by both the primary haematoma and
      rebleeding. The results suggest that intracerebral haematomas caused by rupture
      of an intracranial aneurysm should be evacuated immediately, and that the
      aneurysm should be clipped at the same operation.

PMID- 3354368
TI  - Bifrontal interhemispheric approach for carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms.
AB  - The authors report their experience with the surgical treatment of carotid
      ophthalmic aneurysms in 29 cases, and describe their surgical technique. The
      technique can be summarized as follows. When dissecting the aneurysm, temporary
      vascular occlusion of the common carotid artery and external carotid artery is
      done in the neck under the administration of cerebral protective substances.
      Through a bifrontal craniotomy, wide dissection of the Sylvian fissures and the
      interhemispheric fissure is performed. When necessary, the anterior clinoid
      process and the roof of the optic canal are removed. This approach allows for
      observation of the neck of the aneurysm from various angles, thus facilitating
      clipping of the neck. There have been no previous reports of direct surgery on
      carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms using an interhemispheric approach, but this
      approach provides a much larger operative field and a better exposure of the
      aneurysm than other surgical approaches.

PMID- 3354370
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide production ex vivo by peritonitis exudate leukocytes of rats
      and influence of dexamethasone and a glucocorticoid antagonist.

PMID- 3354371
TI  - Anti-inflammatory effects of a substance extracted from Epilobium angustifolium.

PMID- 3354369
TI  - Early aneurysm surgery: a 7 year clinical practice report.
AB  - One hundred and fifty patients with intracranial aneurysms, operated on
      consecutively in the early stage in our department, were re-evaluated
      retrospectively. Seven surgeons operated on 159 aneurysms in 150 patients.
      Seventy-nine percent of the patients were in grades I-III (scale of Hunt and
      Hess), 21% in grades IV-V. Seventy-one percent had a severe haemorrhage
      (classification of Fisher et al.), 21% had an intracerebral haematoma.
      Intraoperative CSF drainage was an almost indispensable tool while postoperative
      external drainage did not prove to be helpful in preventing vasospasm and/or
      hydrocephalus. Induced hypotension was abandoned in favour of temporary clipping.
      Thirteen percent of the patients suffered a permanent or fatal immediate
      postoperative deterioration, while 11% developed delayed neurological deficits.
      Five percent were related to vasospasms alone, they were all transient. Five
      percent had vasospasm combined with other complications. One of them had
      permanent and the other one fatal deficits. One percent deteriorated due to
      embolism or occluded vessels. The results improved with the introduction of the
      calcium channel blocker nimodipine, induced hypertension and transcranial Doppler
      sonographic control of the vasospasm. Patients in good preoperative condition had
      a good early outcome in 69%. The result was fair in 21% and poor in 4%, while 6%
      of the patients died. In the poor condition group 22% of the patients made a
      good, 13% a fair, and 59% a poor recovery, 16% of whom died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354372
TI  - Strain-dependence of kappa-carrageenin thrombosis in rats and mice.

PMID- 3354373
TI  - Effect of a new anti-inflammatory compound, CGP 28237, on arachidonate metabolism
      in rat gastrointestinal tissue.

PMID- 3354374
TI  - Possible involvement of noradrenergic descending pain-modulating pathways in the
      mode of antinociceptive action of flupirtine, a novel non-opioid analgesic.
AB  - These experimental studies were conducted to obtain information about the
      antinociceptive action of flupirtine within the central nervous system.
      Flupirtine dose-dependently increased pain threshold in the electrostimulated
      pain test in mice. Its antinociceptive activity was attenuated by simultaneous
      administration of the noradrenergic alpha 1/alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine and
      alpha 2-antagonist idazoxane. By contrast, the analgesia induced by codeine or
      morphine was not influenced by alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists at all. A striking
      resemblance could be observed in the pharmaco-EEG of freely moving rats treated
      with clonidine and flupirtine, respectively. The present results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that the noradrenergic descending pain-modulating system
      might be involved in the antinociceptive mode of action of flupirtine.

PMID- 3354375
TI  - Effects of flupirtine on the pain-related evoked potential and the spontaneous
      EEG.

PMID- 3354376
TI  - A possible mechanism for the absence of neurogenic inflammation in birds:
      inappropriate release of peptides from small afferent nerves.

PMID- 3354377
TI  - Peptidergic afferents might contribute to the regulation of skin blood flow.

PMID- 3354378
TI  - Modifications of the opioid system reactivity in Freund's adjuvant induced
      arthritic and carrageenin-injected rats, models or chronic and acute inflammatory
      pain: behavioural and electrophysiological studies.

PMID- 3354379
TI  - Combined automated writhing/motility test for testing analgesics.

PMID- 3354380
TI  - Morphine dependence modifies macrophage eicosanoid release.

PMID- 3354381
TI  - Synthesis and extracellular assembly of proteoglycans in human articular
      cartilage.

PMID- 3354382
TI  - Biosynthesis of hyaluronate.

PMID- 3354383
TI  - Characterization of proteoglycans produced by human chondrocytes cultivated in
      clusters.

PMID- 3354384
TI  - Cartilage destruction mechanisms: initial changes in the proteoglycan pattern in
      Erysipelas arthritis of pigs in vivo and chondrocyte repair reaction in vitro.

PMID- 3354385
TI  - Determination of collagen in culture supernatants of human chondrocytes.

PMID- 3354386
TI  - Detection of autoimmunoreactive antibodies against cartilage cell surface
      proteins in the blood of rheumatic patients.

PMID- 3354387
TI  - The clinical diagnostic significance of serum antichondrocyte membrane antibodies
      in osteoarthritis.
AB  - In osteoarthritic patients significantly elevated level of antibodies against
      human chondrocyte membrane extract was found by double solid phase ELISA which
      seemed to be more specific for the disease than the antibody level of collagen
      types II, IX and XI. Altogether 86 patients with a mean age of 53.6 years and a
      ratio of 25% men and 75% women suffering from severe hip joint osteoarthritis
      were studied in comparison with 44 control persons with a mean age of 35.8 years
      and identical sex distribution. The specificity of reacting antibodies was proved
      partly by inhibition test and partly by the fact that the ELISA reaction could be
      produced only by proteins of the membrane extract bound to collagen (II) after
      affinity chromatography. The diagnostic importance of the methods is striking, in
      view of the lack of any other objective laboratory tests for the disease.

PMID- 3354388
TI  - The influence of antirheumatic drugs on basal and accelerated breakdown of
      articular proteoglycans.

PMID- 3354389
TI  - Effects of drug-mediated serum sulfate depletion on glycosaminoglycan synthesis.

PMID- 3354390
TI  - Elastase secreted by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes causes chondrocyte
      damage and matrix degradation in intact articular cartilage.

PMID- 3354391
TI  - Cartilage proteoglycans as potential autoantigens in humans and in experimental
      animals.

PMID- 3354392
TI  - Age-related changes in joint damage caused by antigen-induced arthritis in mice.

PMID- 3354393
TI  - 12-o-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate induced articular destruction in rats.

PMID- 3354394
TI  - Effects of drugs on in vitro mitogenic stimulation of peripheral mononuclear
      cells.

PMID- 3354395
TI  - Inflammatory reactions in the respiratory airways of the guinea pig do not
      necessarily induce bronchial hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3354396
TI  - Hypophosphatemia in critically ill pulmonary patients.

PMID- 3354397
TI  - State licensure under fire.

PMID- 3354398
TI  - Questioning the physician's broader responsibilities.

PMID- 3354399
TI  - Rapid enzyme release from acutely infarcted myocardium after early thrombolytic
      therapy: washout or reperfusion damage?
AB  - In a randomized study on early intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in patients
      with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), serial plasma enzyme activities were
      measured to analyze the rate of enzyme appearance in plasma with reference to
      treatment allocation, area at risk, and infarct size. Cumulative activities of
      alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) appearing in plasma in the first 24
      hours (Q24), 48 hours (Q48), and 72 hours (Q72) were calculated to obtain infarct
      size (= Q72) and rate of HBDH appearance in plasma (= Q24/Q72). Analyzed on the
      basis of "intention to treat" in 448 patients with AMI, the mean Q24/Q72 value
      (+/- SEM) was 0.653 +/- 0.011 in 230 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy;
      this value was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that observed in 218
      patients receiving conventional therapy (0.504 +/- 0.012). In the thrombolysis
      group Q24/Q72 was independent of infarct size, whereas in the control group
      Q24/Q72 was negatively correlated with infarct size (r = -0.26; p less than
      0.001). Plotted against the sum of ST segment elevations at admission (sigma ST)
      mean Q24 values were similar in both treatment groups, but mean Q48 and
      especially Q72 values were larger in the control group than in the thrombolysis
      group. We conclude that: (1) in reperfused infarctions the time course for
      development of infarct is accelerated in comparison to unreperfused infarcts; (2)
      this accelerated process of necrosis lasts about 40 to 50 hours, a duration that
      is hardly influenced by infarct size; and (3) the reperfusion-induced
      acceleration of enzyme release resembles the reoxygenation-induced enzyme release
      from anoxic hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354401
TI  - Myocardial risk area and peak gray level measurement by contrast
      echocardiography: effect of microbubble size and concentration, injection rate,
      and coronary vasodilation.
AB  - Contrast agents were injected via the intracoronary route in eight dogs during
      two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging to determine the influence of
      microbubble size and concentration, injection rate, and coronary vasodilation on
      risk area and peak gray level measurement. At an injection rate at 13 cc/sec, the
      average background-subtracted peak gray level intensity of hand-agitated
      diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium was significantly (p less than 0.01)
      higher than that of hand-agitated diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium + 0.9%
      saline, sonicated diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium, and sonicated 70%
      sorbitol. These differences were abolished by the use of 38 cc/sec injection
      rates and intracoronary injection of adenosine. Perfusion area determinations as
      assessed by planimetry were unaffected by the contrast agent used, the injection
      rate, or by intracoronary administration of adenosine. We conclude that risk area
      measurement by the ultrasound contrast technique is not affected by varying
      contrast agents, injection rates, or vasodilation. However, peak gray level
      intensity is variable among contrast agents and may result in variability of time
      activity curve analysis.

PMID- 3354400
TI  - Short-term infarct vessel patency with aspirin and dipyridamole started 24 to 36
      hours after intravenous streptokinase.
AB  - The duration of intravenous heparin therapy required to maintain patency of the
      infarct-related artery after intravenous streptokinase is uncertain. Twenty-eight
      patients were prospectively treated with 1.5 million units of intravenous
      streptokinase within 4 hours of onset of chest pain. Intravenous heparin was
      begun after the streptokinase infusion was complete and was discontinued within
      36 hours. Aspirin, 325 mg daily, and dipyridamole, 75 mg three times a day, was
      begun before the heparin was discontinued. Coronary angiography was performed
      both at 2 hours after completion of the streptokinase infusion and again at a
      mean of 8.7 (+/- 3.2) days after the initial catheterization. One patient died
      after treatment with streptokinase but before early angiography. In 21 of 27
      patients (78%), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial (TIMI) grade 2 or 3
      perfusion in the infarct vessel was observed on initial angiography. Repeat
      angiograms were available in 17 of the 21 patients with initially patent vessels.
      Continued patency (TIMI grade 2 or 3) was found in 15 of the 17 patients (88%).
      Two of the four patients who did not undergo repeat angiography died, and the
      remaining two patients required coronary artery bypass grafting for unstable
      angina. Bleeding complications occurred in 6 of 27 patients (22%), with two (7%)
      requiring surgical evacuation of a groin hematoma. There were no instances of
      intracerebral bleeding and only two patients required transfusions. Thus, the
      combination of aspirin and dipyridamole following 36 hours of systemic
      heparinization after intravenous streptokinase infusion is associated with a
      reocclusion rate comparable to that which has been reported for more prolonged
      systemic anticoagulation with fewer hemorrhagic complications.

PMID- 3354402
TI  - Estimation of the functional and anatomic extent of myocardial infarction using
      magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - This study assesses magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the evaluation of both
      the functional and anatomic extent of damage to the left ventricle (LV) from
      myocardial infarction (MI). This was accomplished by blinded region-of-interest
      analysis of 36 MR examinations (orthogonal-transaxial, electrocardiographically
      gated, multiphasic, single spin-echo) for determination of ejection fraction (EF)
      and relative MI volume (i.e., percent of total LV myocardial volume). Comparison
      of the results was then made with a measure of global residual LV function (i.e.,
      score quotient or SQ) derived from segmental scoring of LV wall motion on a two
      dimensional echocardiogram (Echo) and with an EF value from a left ventriculogram
      (LVG), both performed relatively concurrently with MR. Significant (p less than
      0.01) overall correlations were noted between MR-EF and both Echo-SQ (r = 0.56)
      and LVG-EF (r = 0.78), and these relationships were relatively stronger when MI
      was located in the right coronary artery (RCA) than when it was found in the left
      anterior descending (LAD) distribution (e.g., MR-EF compared with LVG-EF: r =
      0.87, p less than 0.05 for RCA; and r = 0.48, p = NS for LAD). The best
      expression of relative MI volume appeared to be based upon absolute volume of
      regionally-thinned LV wall multiplied by a correction factor for its residual
      contractility and then the addition of a volume correcting for the amount of
      regional wall thinning by necrosis (i.e., "total-Fxn" MI volume).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354403
TI  - Left ventricular dysfunction in excess of the size of infarction: a possible
      management strategy.
AB  - In this report we describe two patients whose left ventricular dysfunction was
      far in excess of infarct size as evidenced by ECG changes and the magnitude of
      creatine kinase release. Both patients demonstrated redistribution in myocardial
      beds remote from the infarct zone on delayed rest thallium 201 images and both
      had multivessel disease evident on coronary angiography. Both patients
      experienced relief of symptoms and improvement in regional and global left
      ventricular function after revascularization surgery. The possible mechanisms of
      left ventricular dysfunction in myocardial beds remote from the zone of
      infarction are discussed.

PMID- 3354404
TI  - Incidence and case fatality rates of acute myocardial infarction (1975-1984): the
      Worcester Heart Attack Study.
AB  - During the calendar years 1975, 1978, 1981, and 1984, a community-wide study in
      the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area has examined time trends in the
      attack and case fatality rates of acute myocardial infarction (MI) as well as the
      occurrence of out-of-hospital coronary heart disease deaths. Between 1975 and
      1981, there was a slight increase in the age-adjusted attack rates of acute MI;
      between 1981 and 1984, however, there was a dramatic decline in the incidence
      rates of acute MI. These temporal trends over the 10-year period examined
      resulted in an overall decrease in both the incidence rates of initial (255 per
      100,000-1975; 186 per 100,000-1984) as well as recurrent (133 per 100,000-1975;
      104 per 100,000-1984) acute MI in the 16 hospitals surveyed. The age-adjusted in
      hospital case fatality rates of acute MI declined consistently over the periods
      studied, from 22.2% in 1975 to 20.3% in 1978, 17.8% in 1981, and to 15.1% in
      1984, for an overall decline of 32% over the 10-year period studied. No
      significant differences, however, were seen in the long-term survival rates of
      patients discharged from the hospital after acute MI in either 1975, 1978, 1981,
      or 1984. A consistent decline was seen in the age-adjusted mortality rates (per
      100,000) of out-of-hospital coronary heart disease between 1975 (265), 1978
      (174), 1981 (170), and 1984 (148).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354405
TI  - Myocarditis presenting as acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Ten patients with acute myocarditis, who were initially seen with clinical signs
      of acute myocardial infarction, will be discussed. All had symptoms and seven had
      laboratory evidence of an acute viral infection. Acute cardiac findings consisted
      of chest pain in nine patients, compatible ECGs and elevated creatine kinase
      levels in 10, positive MB fractions in eight, and regional wall motion
      abnormalities in eight. Acutely, the left ventricular ejection fraction was less
      than 55% in six patients; ventricular ectopy occurred in five patients, bundle
      branch block in four, transient junctional escape rhythm in three, and congestive
      heart failure in three. Among the nine patients followed-up for 1 to 14 months
      there was one death, five patients had normal results of exercise tests, and
      three had normal coronary angiograms. Wall motion abnormalities persisted in four
      patients; ejection fraction improved in five and was less than 55% in three.
      These findings suggest that focal myocardial damage may occur during acute viral
      myocarditis and mimic acute myocardial infarction resulting from atherosclerotic
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3354406
TI  - Angiographic coronary morphology in survivors of cardiac arrest.
AB  - Autopsy studies in victims of sudden coronary death revealed intramyocardial
      platelet aggregates with microscopic myonecrosis downstream from ruptured
      atherosclerotic plaques. Ruptured plaques usually manifest angiographically as
      irregularly bordered (type II) lesions. To investigate the possible pathogenic
      role of ruptured plaques in arrhythmic death, we analyzed clinical, angiographic,
      and electrophysiologic data from 49 survivors of cardiac arrest without acute
      myocardial infarction. All patients had greater than or equal to 50% stenoses of
      greater than or equal to one coronary artery; 16 had type II morphology, and 33
      did not. Type II morphology was more prevalent in patients without inducible
      sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (11 of 22 or 50%) than in those
      with it (five of 27 or 19%), p less than 0.05, and patients without akinetic or
      dyskinetic segments (eight of 14 or 57%) than in those with them (eight of 34 or
      24%), p less than 0.06. Thus type II morphology is more prevalent in patients
      without a demonstrable anatomic and/or electrophysiologic substrate for reentrant
      ventricular tachycardia, indirectly implicating ruptured plaques in the
      pathogenesis of cardiac arrest in this subset of patients.

PMID- 3354407
TI  - Changes in plasma lipids and apoproteins associated with physical training in
      middle-aged sedentary men.
AB  - The effect of endurance training on plasma lipoproteins was investigated in 27
      healthy sedentary men between the ages of 20 and 55 years. During the first 4
      months of the study, 13 of them (group A) participated in a training program (3
      hours/wk), whereas the others served as control subjects (group B). At the end of
      this period the control subjects also underwent a 4-month training program. In
      both groups the training significantly increased physical working capacity at a
      heart rate of 130 bpm (PWC130), whereas it decreased the resting heart rate (p
      less than 0.05). Concomitantly with this improvement in cardiorespiratory
      fitness, a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
      concentration was observed (p less than 0.01); this was due to an increase in
      both HDL2 beta and HDL2 alpha + 3 cholesterol concentrations. The plasma total
      and HDL-apoprotein AI and apoprotein AII concentrations were not significantly
      affected by the training. Significant decreases in plasma triglyceride (p less
      than 0.05), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than 0.05), and low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p less than 0.001) concentrations were
      also observed, but only in group B, which showed a much greater increase in
      PWC130 at the end of the training period than group A; the decrease in the LDL
      cholesterol concentration in this group was accompanied by a slight decrease in
      the LDL-apoprotein B concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354408
TI  - Comparative dosing and efficacy of continuous-release nifedipine versus standard
      nifedipine for angina pectoris: clinical response, exercise performance, and
      plasma nifedipine levels.
AB  - To assess the dosing equivalency and the early and late antianginal efficacy of a
      gastrointestinal therapeutic system for once-daily, continuous-release nifedipine
      (N-GITS), 10 patients with stable angina pectoris, who were previously receiving
      chronic treatment with nifedipine, completed a 12-week trial comparing N-GITS
      with standard nifedipine. All patients (nine men and one woman; mean age 54 +/- 2
      [SEM] years) who were receiving standard nifedipine (mean dose 40 +/- 5 mg/24 hr)
      for more than 2 weeks (mean 8 +/- 2 months, range 2 to 36 months) were switched
      to an equivalent once-daily dose (39 +/- 5 mg/24 hr) of N-GITS. Standard
      nifedipine and N-GITS were compared by symptom-limited exercise treadmill tests
      with a baseline test (A) performed 3 hours after a standard dose of nifedipine.
      Exercise tests were also performed after 2 weeks of treatment with N-GITS 3 hours
      (B) and 24 hours (C) after the drug was given, and after 12 weeks of treatment
      with N-GITS, 24 hours after dosing (D). Results of exercise tests showed no
      significant difference in mean exercise time--(A) 422 +/- 25 vs (B) 426 +/- 36 vs
      (C) 438 +/- 35 vs (D) 487 +/- 37 seconds. Likewise, there was no significant mean
      difference in peak double product, resting heart rate, peak exercise heart rate,
      or resting or maximal systolic blood pressure for any of the exercise test
      points. Furthermore, five patients (50%) reported side effects with standard
      nifedipine (all vasodilator-flushing, dizziness, or both), which resolved after
      treatment with N-GITS (p +/- 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354409
TI  - Abnormal coronary hemodynamics and myocardial energetics in patients with chronic
      heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - Coronary sinus blood flow, transmyocardial oxygen extraction, myocardial oxygen
      consumption, and transmyocardial lactate extraction were determined, along with
      systemic hemodynamics, in 34 patients with chronic stable angina without heart
      failure (group 1), in 66 patients with heart failure associated with coronary
      artery disease (group 2), and in 28 patients with heart failure caused by dilated
      cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease (group 3). Compared with group 1
      patients, in patients with heart failure in groups 2 and 3, resting coronary
      sinus blood flow was 30% and 24% higher, respectively (p less than 0.05),
      myocardial oxygen consumption was 25% higher (p less than 0.01), and coronary
      sinus oxygen content was 33% lower (p less than 0.01). The rate-pressure product
      was not different between the three groups. In eight patients with heart failure
      (five in group 2 and three in group 3), myocardial lactate production was
      observed without angina. Thus in patients with chronic heart failure resulting
      from either chronic coronary artery disease or dilated cardiomyopathy, resting
      coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption tend to increase probably
      because of an increase in myocardial oxygen requirements. Silent myocardial
      ischemia may also occur in both the presence and absence of coronary artery
      disease in patients with chronic heart failure. The abnormal coronary
      hemodynamics and myocardial metabolic function may play a role in causing
      progressive deterioration in cardiac function in dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3354410
TI  - Correlation between the signal-averaged electrocardiogram and electrophysiologic
      study findings in patients with coronary artery disease and sustained ventricular
      tachycardia.
AB  - Ventricular late potentials at the end of the surface QRS, detected on the signal
      averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) have been shown to be markers for spontaneous
      and/or inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with coronary artery
      disease (CAD). We examined the correlations between electrophysiologic study
      (EPS) findings and SAECG indexes in 50 patients with chronic CAD with documented
      spontaneous VT/ventricular fibrillation (VF), who had either syncope (24
      patients) or aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD). The prevalence of late
      potentials was significantly higher in the syncope patients (75%) compared with
      the SCD group (46%) (p less than 0.05). No correlation was found between the
      ventricular refractoriness and the SAECG indexes. There was a significant
      difference in quantitative SAECG indexes comparing the induction mode of the
      sustained VT/VF by single and double versus triple extrastimuli; the types of the
      induced VT (sustained monomorphic, sustained pleomorphic or VF, noninducible);
      and the cycle length of the induced sustained monomorphic VT with the high
      frequency QRS duration (QRSD). In conclusion, differences in prevalence and
      characteristics of ventricular late potentials were found between patients with
      syncope and with SCD. The degree of abnormality of SAECG indexes correlated with
      the type and the mode of induction of sustained VT. The magnitude of QRSD of the
      SAECG correlated with the cycle length of monomorphic VT. The above findings
      suggest that in patients with CAD and sustained VT/VF the SAECG variables are
      related to the area of reentry.

PMID- 3354411
TI  - Intravenous lorcainide for symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias: comparison
      with lidocaine and oral lorcainide.
AB  - Intravenous lorcainide and lidocaine were administered to 25 patients with
      symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a randomized single-blind crossover
      study. Prior to drug therapy, each patient underwent 48 hours of ambulatory
      monitoring and exercise testing on a motorized treadmill. At the completion of
      baseline studies, patients were randomized to receive either lidocaine or
      lorcainide intravenously. The dose of lidocaine was 1.0 mg/kg by bolus followed
      by an infusion of 2 to 3 mg/min. The dose of lorcainide was 2.0 mg/kg followed by
      a constant infusion of 200 to 300 mg over 24 hours. Two patients developed side
      effects on lidocaine and the infusion was discontinued prior to evaluation of
      efficacy. Of the remaining 23 patients, 11 (48%) had their arrhythmia controlled,
      defined as a greater than 90% reduction in repetitive forms (couplets and
      ventricular tachycardia) and a 50% reduction in ventricular premature beats.
      Lorcainide was effective in 8 of the 25 patients (32%). There was no correlation
      between the effect of lidocaine and the response to lorcainide (p = NS). Oral
      lorcainide therapy was administered to 17 patients who were free of side effects
      during the intravenous infusion. The oral drug was effective in nine patients
      (53%), five of whom had responded to the intravenous drug, and was ineffective in
      eight, seven of whom were also unresponsive to intravenous lorcainide. The
      intravenous drug predicted the response to the oral form in 71% of patients, but
      this was not statistically significant. Side effects occurred in 10 patients
      (59%) and were primarily neurologic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354412
TI  - Absence of significant postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmias in patients with
      automatic implantable defibrillators.
AB  - Because postdefibrillation bradycardia or asystole is of clinical concern in
      patients with implanted automatic cardioverter defibrillators, we analyzed the
      cardiac rhythm after 157 intraoperative defibrillations in 50 patients undergoing
      implantation of the device. Factors that could influence the heart rhythm
      immediately after defibrillation were also analyzed. The postdefibrillation heart
      rate and the duration of postdefibrillation asystole did not correlate with age,
      conduction abnormalities, type or duration of arrhythmia before defibrillation,
      delivered energy, lead system, or left ventricular ejection fraction, but they
      did correlate with the resting preoperative heart rate and the concomitant
      performance of coronary artery bypass surgery at the time of defibrillator
      implantation. Temporary pacing (for prolonged asystole) was required in only two
      patients, both of whom had also undergone bypass surgery. Fourteen patients being
      treated with amiodarone had slower resting and postdefibrillation heart rates,
      but the mean duration of posdefibrillation asystole was similar to that seen in
      patients not receiving any antiarrhythmic medication. On follow-up, 25 monitored
      and 178 unmonitored automatic defibrillator discharges occurred in 24 patients,
      without evidence of symptomatic postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmias. Thus
      significant postdefibrillation bradyarrhythmias were uncommon, but when such a
      propensity existed it could not be predicted reliably on clinical grounds alone.

PMID- 3354413
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to isolated increments in heart rate by atrial pacing after
      a Fontan procedure.
AB  - The physiologic role of the right ventricle has long been a subject of interest
      to physiologists. The Fontan operation provides a human model for studying the
      circulation in series devoid of a subpulmonic right ventricle. The hemodynamic
      response to isotonic exercise in this setting has been established, and differs
      appreciably from normal. However, the physiologic response to an increase in
      heart rate (atrial pacing) as an isolated variable has not been examined and
      compared to atrial pacing in hearts with two concordant subarterial ventricles.
      Accordingly, we compared the supine bicycle exercise response to rate-equivalent
      right atrial pacing in nine patients after atriopulmonary anastomoses (the Fontan
      operation) for single ventricle or tricuspid atresia. Cardiac index increased 77%
      with exercise (rest 2.6 L/min/m2; exercise 4.6 L/min/m2) but decreased 12% with
      atrial pacing (rest 2.5 L/min/m2; pacing 2.2 L/min/m2). Pulmonary arterial oxygen
      saturation declined significantly during exercise (rest 68%; exercise 31%) and
      during atrial pacing (control 72%; pacing 64%). The mean increment in pulmonary
      arterial pressure was 1.3 times greater with exercise (rest 14 mm Hg; exercise 20
      mm Hg) than with pacing (control 12 mm Hg; pacing 16 mm Hg). Peak systemic
      arterial systolic pressure increased 14% with exercise but was unchanged by
      pacing. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances fell with exercise but
      changed insignificantly during atrial pacing. Stroke volume rose slightly with
      exercise but fell significantly with pacing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354414
TI  - Clinical significance of the echocardiographic degree of mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - To assess the clinical significance of the echocardiographic degree of mitral
      valve prolapse, we prospectively evaluated with Doppler echocardiography 245
      consecutive patients referred with signs or symptoms consistent with a diagnosis
      of mitral valve prolapse. The echocardiographic degree of mitral valve prolapse
      was measured by a scoring system that incorporates an assessment of mitral
      systolic displacement from the M-mode as well as the two-dimensional long-axis
      and apical four-chamber views (range 0 to 9, 0 = no mitral valve prolapse). A
      structured questionnaire was used to record the frequency and severity of
      symptoms. Pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography were performed to
      document mitral regurgitation and determine the ratio of peak early to atrial
      diastolic filling velocities. Patients were grouped according to the degree of
      mitral valve prolapse; 45 patients had no echocardiographic evidence of mitral
      valve prolapse. There was no statistically significant relationship between the
      mitral valve prolapse score and symptoms or left ventricular systolic or
      diastolic function. There was, however, a strong relationship between the
      echocardiographic degree of mitral valve prolapse and the presence of significant
      mitral regurgitation. Patients without echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve
      prolapse had a 4% incidence of mitral regurgitation, which was not significantly
      different than that of persons with mild degrees of prolapse (6%). However, the
      groups with the most marked degree of prolapse (scores of 6, 7, 8, and 9) had a
      significantly higher incidence of mitral regurgitation (20% and 60% respectively,
      p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354415
TI  - Electrocardiographic ST segment depression in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3354416
TI  - Cardiac failure and sudden death in the Framingham Study.
AB  - Mortality is examined in patients with cardiac failure in the Framingham study of
      5209 subjects. During 30 years of follow-up, the incidence of cardiac failure
      doubled with each decade of age with a male predominance produced by higher rates
      of coronary heart disease. Most cardiac failure was associated with hypertension
      or coronary heart disease. Among 232 men and 229 women in whom cardiac failure
      developed, sudden death occurred at nine times the general age-adjusted
      population rate. Cardiac failure alone increased the risk of sudden death
      fivefold. In those who also had coronary heart disease there was a further
      doubling of risk. The major predisposing factors for cardiac failure included
      hypertension, obesity, glucose intolerance, heavy smoking, cardiac enlargement,
      ECG abnormality, and atrial fibrillation. These were also risk factors for sudden
      death. These shared modifiable risk factors and cardiac impairments did not
      entirely account for the markedly increased risk of sudden death in cardiac
      failure. This suggest that either the damaged myocardium or treatment needed to
      control the cardiac failure may be at fault.

PMID- 3354417
TI  - Treatment of right atrial thrombus with urokinase.

PMID- 3354418
TI  - Detection of aortopulmonary window by pulsed and color Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3354419
TI  - Atrioventricular canal with intact atrial septum.

PMID- 3354420
TI  - Severe tricuspid regurgitation simulating pulmonary atresia in the fetus.

PMID- 3354421
TI  - "Sand-drift" echoes and thrombus formation in the left atrium.

PMID- 3354422
TI  - Familial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3354423
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia and sudden death in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3354424
TI  - Initiation of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia resulting from R wave
      synchronous AICD discharge.

PMID- 3354425
TI  - Spontaneous conversion of atrial flutter to antidromic atrioventricular
      reciprocating tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 3354426
TI  - Spontaneous reversion of ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3354427
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function: evaluation by radionuclide angiography.

PMID- 3354428
TI  - Type A behavior: a frequently misdiagnosed and rarely treated medical disorder.

PMID- 3354429
TI  - Impact of the one-line prescription form on generic drug use.

PMID- 3354430
TI  - Keeping the elderly patient at home through improved pharmaceutical technology.

PMID- 3354431
TI  - Acute effects of felodipine in exertional angina pectoris.
AB  - To investigate the antianginal efficacy, duration of action and tolerability of 2
      doses of the new calcium antagonist felodipine, 15 patients (14 men and 1 woman,
      mean age 62 years) with stable exertional angina pectoris and angiographically
      demonstrated coronary artery disease were randomly given felodipine, 5 and 10 mg,
      and placebo on 3 different days. A bicycle ergometer exercise test was performed
      3 and 10 hours after dosing. In comparison with placebo, felodipine 5 and 10 mg
      significantly increased resting heart rate and decreased resting systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure 3 hours after administration (p less than 0.001). Ten
      hours after administration, only supine systolic blood pressure was still
      significantly lower (p less than 0.001). Anginal (time to mild chest pain) and
      ischemic (time to 1 mm ST depression) thresholds, as well as duration of exercise
      and total work at peak exercise, were higher in comparison with placebo at 3 and
      10 hours (p less than 0.001). In comparison with the lower dose, 10 mg felodipine
      induced a decrease in supine (p less than 0.05) and sitting (p less than 0.01)
      systolic blood pressure at rest and an increase in total work to anginal
      threshold (p less than 0.01), as well as in total work and duration of exercise
      at peak exercise (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that a single
      administration of felodipine, 5 and 10 mg, may improve exercise capacity over a
      10-hour period in patients with stable exercise-induced angina due to
      atherosclerotic heart disease.

PMID- 3354432
TI  - Correlation of minimum coronary lumen diameter with left ventricular functional
      impairment induced by atrial pacing.
AB  - To understand whether quantitative measurement of minimal coronary luminal
      diameter is a better method than percent diameter narrowing for assessing the
      functional impairment of myocardial contractility produced by coronary artery
      stenoses, measurements were made from 37 stenotic segments in 27 patients with
      coronary artery disease and from corresponding segments in 10 subjects without
      coronary artery narrowing. An assessment of the reliability of the 2 types of
      measurements was made by correlating them with the physiologic parameters of both
      segmental wall motion and global ejection fraction response induced by atrial
      pacing. Digitally acquired coronary angiograms were used to facilitate
      quantitative analysis. Measurements by edge detection and videodensitometry
      correlated closely (r = 0.94). Percent diameter narrowing correlated moderately
      with the change in ejection fraction (r = -0.41) or with the change in segmental
      wall motion (r = -0.44). The measurement of minimal lumen diameter correlated
      with the change in global ejection fraction (r = 0.61) and did so even better
      with the change in segmental wall motion (r = 0.78, p less than 0.05). A minimal
      lumen diameter of less than or equal to 1.5 mm identified patients likely to have
      a functional impairment during atrial pacing as assessed by either global
      ejection fraction or segmental wall motion defects. We conclude that minimal
      coronary luminal diameter provides a better method than percent diameter
      narrowing calculations to measure the anatomic severity of coronary artery
      narrowing.

PMID- 3354433
TI  - Evaluation of a QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size. VI:
      Identification of screening criteria for non-acute myocardial infarcts.
AB  - Each of the 54 criteria in the Selvester 32-point QRS scoring system for
      estimation of myocardial infarct (MI) size has attained greater than or equal to
      95% specificity in normal subjects. This study was performed to identify a subset
      of those criteria with cumulative specificity greater than or equal to 95% and
      maximal sensitivity for use in screening for the presence of non-acute MI.
      Coronary angiography and left ventriculography were used to identify 500 normal
      subjects, 60 patients with isolated anterior MI and 62 patients with isolated
      inferior MI. Patients with the QRS confounding factors of ventricular
      hypertrophy, fascicular block or bundle branch block on their electrocardiogram
      were not included. Using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the screening
      criteria identified were: (1) Q greater than or equal to 30 ms in aVF, (2) R less
      than or equal to 10 ms and less than or equal to 0.1 mV in V2 and (3) R greater
      than or equal to 40 ms in V1. Cumulatively, these 3 screening criteria achieved
      84% and 77% sensitivities for inferior and anterior MI groups, respectively.
      Thus, a set of 3 criteria from the Selvester QRS scoring system is capable of
      identifying single non-acute anterior or inferior MI in 80% of patients, and
      falsely indicating presence of MI in only 5% of normal subjects.

PMID- 3354434
TI  - Development and validation of an automated method of the Selvester QRS scoring
      system for myocardial infarct size.
AB  - The Selvester QRS score for estimation of myocardial infarct (MI) size from the
      standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has not yet achieved wide recognition as
      a valuable tool in the routine assessment of the MI patient, primarily because of
      the practical limitations inherent to manual application. This study examined the
      ECGs of 438 patients (105 normal subjects, 161 with "possible" MI and 172 with
      "definite" MI based on data from cardiac catheterization) to develop software for
      an automated method of the Selvester system in attempts to overcome the manual
      constraints. After a comprehensive validation process involving extensive
      interactions between the manual scorer and the software developer, an automated
      method of the Selvester system was generated that had a high correlation with
      manual application (r = 0.94) and was superior regarding time, training, reader
      bias, reproducibility and precision of measurement. These results indicate that
      an automated version of the Selvester QRS scoring system would resolve many of
      the limitations of manual application and would provide a reliable, technically
      accurate estimate of MI size that could be incorporated into ECG diagnostic
      programs and used in standard digital ECG machines.

PMID- 3354435
TI  - Significance of Q-wave regression after transmural acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A total of 313 consecutive patients was studied to assess the prevalence and
      prognostic implications of Q-wave loss after transmural acute myocardial
      infarction. Heart catheterization, including single-plane left ventriculography
      and selective coronary arteriography, was performed before hospital discharge.
      After a mean follow-up of 65 (1 to 100) months, 34 patients (11%) lost their Q
      waves. The time interval from the acute event to the first electrocardiogram
      showing Q-wave disappearance was 14 (1 to 32) months. Peak creatine kinase value
      was significantly higher in patients who retained their Q waves than in those who
      lost them (1,121 +/- 813 vs 779 +/- 464 IU, respectively, p less than 0.05).
      Severity of coronary artery disease, as judged by the number of diseased arteries
      and the number of arteries with total or subtotal occlusion, was similar in both
      groups. However, patients showing Q-wave regression had lower left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressure, higher ejection fraction and fewer abnormally contracting
      segments than their counterparts (12 +/- 6 vs 15 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.05;
      53 +/- 11 vs 44 +/- 14%, p less than 0.001; 1 +/- 1 vs 2 +/- 1 segments, p less
      than 0.001, respectively). In addition, no patient with normalized
      electrocardiogram presented with left ventricular aneurysm. Although differences
      in mortality, nonfatal reinfarction and new onset of angina between the 2 groups
      were not significant, congestive heart failure was prevalent among patients with
      permanent Q waves (23 vs 6%, p less than 0.05). Our findings suggest that Q-wave
      loss after AMI may be related to a smaller infarct size.

PMID- 3354436
TI  - Limitations in the interpretation of rest-exercise ejection fraction changes
      after early thrombolytic therapy during acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The effect of exercise on left ventricular wall motion in the infarct and
      noninfarct regions, and their contribution to the global ejection fraction
      response to exercise was evaluated in 24 patients studied at least 2 weeks
      following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. To achieve this
      goal, a nonstandard protocol was used: contrast ventriculography was performed at
      rest and immediately following 3 minutes of supine bicycle exercise at 50 watts.
      Wall motion in the infarct and noninfarct regions was measured using the
      centerline method. The global ejection fraction response to exercise correlated
      poorly with the exercise response of motion in the infarct region (r = 0.38). In
      15 of the 24 patients, the function of the infarct and noninfarct regions changed
      in opposing directions, and in only 8 (53%) of these did the global ejection
      fraction response follow the exercise response of motion in the infarct region.
      The motion of the noninfarct region was the predominant influence on the ejection
      fraction response in the other 7 patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that the
      global ejection fraction response was more dependent on the response of motion in
      the anterior wall (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) than in the inferior wall (r =
      0.16), regardless of infarct location. The regional wall motion response to
      exercise also better distinguished reperfused from nonreperfused patients than
      did the ejection fraction response. These results indicate that the global
      ejection fraction response to exercise may be an unreliable indicator of the
      functional status of the infarct region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354437
TI  - Use of initial ST-segment deviation for prediction of final electrocardiographic
      size of acute myocardial infarcts.
AB  - The decision to administer thrombolytic therapy for limitation of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI) size must occur when only the history, physical
      examination and 12-lead electrocardiogram of a patient are available. A method
      that could quickly assess the amount of jeopardized myocardium would greatly aid
      the physician. This study developed formulas from 68 anterior and 80 inferior AMI
      patients using the extent of initial ST-segment deviation (ST delta) to predict
      the final AMI size estimated by the Selvester QRS score in a population not
      receiving reperfusion therapy. Inclusion required: initial anterior or inferior
      AMI; admission electrocardiogram less than or equal to 8 hours after the onset of
      symptoms with evidence of epicardial injury; elevated creatine kinase-MB; a
      predischarge electrocardiogram taken greater than or equal to 72 hours after
      admission; and no AMI extension before the predischarge electrocardiogram. The
      extent of epicardial injury was quantified by counting the number of leads with
      greater than or equal to 0.1 mm ST delta, by the sum (sigma) of ST delta in all
      leads and by the sigma ST delta in the lead groups associated with each AMI
      location. These results were compared to the AMI size estimated from the
      predischarge electrocardiogram. Univariable and multivariable analyses generated
      these formulas for AMI size: anterior = 3[1.5 (number leads ST increases) - 0.4];
      inferior = 3[0.6 (sigma ST increases II, III, aVF) + 2.0]. Thus, formulas based
      on quantitative measurements of ST delta on the admission electrocardiogram are
      predictive of final QRS-estimated AMI size, and may be useful in determining the
      efficacy of acute reperfusion therapy.

PMID- 3354438
TI  - Usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes for
      diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and LD isoenzymes in the diagnosis
      of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is controversial. The present study reviewed
      507 consecutive patients in whom creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzymes, LD
      and LD isoenzymes were ordered over a 1-month period. Of these, 249 had an
      insufficient number of serial enzyme determinations to establish a laboratory
      diagnosis of AMI. After excluding an additional 11 patients for other reasons,
      247 patients remained for analysis. Of these, only 2 (0.8%) had myocardial
      infarction by standard clinical criteria with normal creatine kinase and creatine
      kinase-MB but elevated LD and abnormal LD isoenzymes. Seven patients (7 of 247,
      2.8%) had false-positive LD isoenzymes. Thus, the routine use of LD and LD
      isoenzymes was of no use in most patients (96%) and led to the incorrect
      diagnosis of AMI more than 3 times as often as it helped with a correct
      diagnosis. Total 1-month charges for all the LD and LD isoenzymes obtained
      equalled +42,450. Therefore, it appears that LD and LD isoenzymes are not
      routinely useful in the diagnosis of AMI and may result in considerable
      unnecessary expense. It is suggested that LD and LD isoenzymes be ordered only
      under suspicion of late presentation (greater than 48 hours) of AMI.

PMID- 3354439
TI  - Coupling intervals of ventricular extrastimuli causing resetting of sustained
      ventricular tachycardia secondary to coronary artery disease: relation to
      subsequent termination.
AB  - Single and double ventricular extrastimuli (VE) delivered during sustained,
      uniform ventricular tachycardia (VT) are able to reset or terminate the
      tachycardia. The relation between the coupling intervals of single and double VE
      resetting VT and those terminating it was examined in 80 uniform, morphologically
      distinct VT occurring in 52 patients. Of the 80 tachycardias receiving single VE,
      41 were reset and 8 terminated. The corrected coupling interval of single VE
      first causing resetting was 0.81 +/- 0.08 compared with 0.66 +/- 0.06 for
      termination (p less than 0.001). Forty-two tachycardias received double VE with
      33 being reset and 13 terminating. The corrected coupling interval of double VE
      at which resetting was first seen was 0.86 +/- 0.08 compared with 0.73 +/- 0.05
      for termination (p less than 0.001). If the longest corrected coupling interval
      causing resetting was greater than or equal to 0.75, then 7 of 34 tachycardias
      terminated with single VE and 13 of 31 terminated with double VE compared with
      only 1 of 46 terminating with single VE and 0 of 10 with double VE if resetting
      was not observed by a corrected coupling interval of 0.75 (p less than 0.01 and p
      less than 0.02, respectively). If the longest corrected coupling interval at
      which resetting occurred was greater than or equal to 0.75, the predictive value
      for VT termination was 21% with single VE and 42% with double VE compared with
      only 2% with single VE and none with double VE if resetting was not observed by
      this corrected coupling interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354440
TI  - Validation of double-spike electrograms as markers of conduction delay or block
      in atrial flutter.
AB  - Recent mapping studies of atrial flutter have shown that fragmented electrograms
      can be found in most cases from the posterior, posteroseptal and posterolateral
      walls of the right atrium. The fragmentation pattern most often consists of a
      double spike. To further assess double-spike electrograms as a possible marker of
      conduction delay, bipolar electrograms were continuously recorded during atrial
      overdrive pacing of common flutter from the right atrium (7 patients) and from
      the proximal coronary sinus (5). Baseline double-spike separation of 50 to 130 ms
      was unchanged in 1 patient and slightly increased (5 to 25 ms) in 4 by coronary
      sinus pacing. The electrogram sequence was unchanged and the surface morphology
      was similar to that of basal flutter. Right atrial pacing decreased double-spike
      separation by 25 to 85 ms from basal values of 45 to 175 ms (23 to 83%),
      suggesting fusion in the area of fragmented electrograms. These findings suggest
      that double-spike electrograms represent activation on both sides of a conduction
      delay zone. The changes induced in these electrograms by pacing from the anterior
      right atrium and the coronary sinus are consistent with flutter circuits rotating
      counterclockwise (frontal plane) in the posterior right atrial wall in common
      atrial flutter.

PMID- 3354441
TI  - Characteristics of entrainment during autodecremental atrial and ventricular
      stimulation.
AB  - The entrainment characteristics of orthodromic circus movement tachycardias
      occurring during autodecremental atrial and ventricular stimulation were studied
      in 9 patients with manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The phenomenon
      occurred in 34 of 38 episodes of tachycardia during autodecremental atrial
      stimulation. It was not seen in 4 episodes because the first impulse penetrating
      the circuit terminated the arrhythmia. Invariably, the HH and VV intervals were
      not equal to, but longer than, the stimulus-stimulus intervals, thus not
      fulfilling the definition of "classic" (constant cycle length) entrainment
      postulated by Okumura et al. Furthermore, the first 2 of the 3 diagnostic
      criteria were not demonstrated and the third only could be demonstrated in 7
      episodes. Tachycardia termination was achieved in all 38 episodes. Entrainment
      occurred during autodecremental ventricular stimulation in 79 of 80 episodes,
      with the AA and H-H- intervals (when visible) being equal to the corresponding
      paced cycle lengths. Moreover, the intervals between the last paced ventricular
      beat and the first ventricular beat of the resumed tachycardia were invariably
      longer than the last stimulus-stimulus intervals. These characteristics were
      those which Okumura et al attributed to "concealed" entrainment. Tachycardia
      termination was achieved in 77 of 80 episodes. In summary: (1) autodecremental
      atrial pacing produced a specific form of entrainment that did not fulfill the
      "classic" definition of Okumura et al; (2) autodecremental ventricular pacing
      consistently produced "concealed" entrainment; and (3) autodecremental
      stimulation was very effective in terminating 115 of 118 (98%) of episodes of
      circus movement tachycardias.

PMID- 3354442
TI  - Sensitivity of an automatic external defibrillator for ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias in patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies.
AB  - An automatic advisory external defibrillator (AED) was activated during all
      arrhythmias occurring at the time of 77 electrophysiologic studies in 45
      patients. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurred during 55 studies in 31
      patients and nonsustained VT was induced during 10 studies in 9 patients.
      Ventricular fibrillation was induced 5 times in 5 patients and atrial arrhythmias
      with a rapid ventricular response occurred during 7 studies in 4 patients. The
      AED detection algorithm advised "shock" during 36 of 55 (65%) episodes of
      sustained VT and all 5 episodes of ventricular fibrillation. The device correctly
      advised "shock" for all 6 episodes of nonsustained VT that spontaneously
      terminated after analysis was complete. Thus, the sensitivity of the device for
      all ventricular arrhythmias analyzed was 47 of 66 (71%). The device recommended
      "shock" for all 31 episodes of rapid VT and 1 of 2 episodes of atrial
      fibrillation associated with systemic hypotension (32 of 33, 97%). The 19
      episodes of VT for which "no shock" was advised were comparatively slow and were
      hemodynamically well tolerated. The device recommended "no shock" during all 21
      episodes of normal sinus rhythm and all 20 episodes of rapid atrial pacing (cycle
      length 400 ms) analyzed. "No shock" was advised during 4 episodes of sustained
      narrow QRS complex supraventricular tachycardia and 4 brief episodes of
      nonsustained VT that terminated before analysis was complete. Thus, in this study
      the specificity of the AED for wide complex tachycardias was 100%.

PMID- 3354443
TI  - Determinants of survival in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia
      associated with coronary artery disease.
AB  - The long-term survival data in patients with coronary artery disease and a
      history of malignant ventricular arrhythmia, defined as noninfarction ventricular
      fibrillation (VF) or hemodynamically compromising ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      followed for up to 9 years, were analyzed. In this group of 161 patients there
      was a total of 57 deaths, of which 35 (63%) were sudden. Life-table analysis
      demonstrated a 10% sudden death rate for all patients in the first year and a 7%
      annual rate in the subsequent 4 years. In patients managed noninvasively, the
      overall mortality rate was 27% over 9 years, or 3% per year. Suppression of
      ventricular tachycardia on both ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing was
      associated with improved survival. In patients evaluated by electrophysiologic
      testing the sudden death rate was 1.4% per year over an average of 5 years. This
      survival rate was not different compared with the noninvasive group (p = 0.09).
      Measures of left ventricular dysfunction and the frequency of ventricular
      arrhythmia before and after drug therapy were associated with a risk of sudden
      cardiac death by univariate analysis. Multivariate regression analysis identified
      4 variables as independent predictors of sudden cardiac death: rales (p = 0.009),
      the number of runs of VT during exercise testing while receiving antiarrhythmic
      drug therapy (p = 0.0003), a history of congestive heart failure (p = 0.0009) and
      the number of premature beats on Holter monitoring (p = 0.01). These findings
      support the concept that suppression of repetitive arrhythmia on Holter monitor
      and exercise testing is a marker for improved survival among patients with
      malignant ventricular arrhythmia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354445
TI  - Comparative study of primary tissue failure between porcine (Hancock and
      Carpentier-Edwards) and bovine pericardial (Ionescu-Shiley) bioprostheses in the
      aortic position at five- to nine-year follow-up.
AB  - Retrospective follow-up data on 458 consecutive patients who received a Hancock,
      Carpentier-Edwards (C-E) or Ionescu-Shiley (I-S) bioprosthesis in the aortic
      valve position between April 1978 and December 1981 are reviewed. A total of 461
      valves (184 Hancock, 131 C-E and 146 I-S) were available for study of the
      incidence of primary tissue valve failure after 5 to 9 years of follow-up.
      Cumulative follow-up was 1,016 patient-years for patients with Hancock valve, 688
      for the C-E and 767 for the I-S group. Of the 397 prostheses at risk (154
      Hancock, 120 C-E and 123 I-S), 36 instances of primary tissue valve failure
      occurred (12 Hancock, 7 C-E and 17 I-S). On an actuarial basis, the calculated
      probability of freedom from primary tissue valve failure was 88 +/- 4% for the
      Hancock group, 87 +/- 6% for the C-E and 51 +/- 17% for the I-S at 9 years. The
      linear incidence of tissue valve failure was 1.2 failing valves per 100 patient
      years for the Hancock group, 1 for the C-E and 2.2 for the I-S. In a cohort of
      patients older than 40 years of age at the time of valve replacement, the rate of
      freedom from primary failure was 98 +/- 1%, 87 +/- 9% and 44 +/- 22% for the
      Hancock, C-E and I-S groups, respectively, at 9 years. Comparison of actuarial
      curves disclosed a meaningful difference between the pericardial valve and the
      Hancock and C-E porcine bioprostheses at 9-year follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354444
TI  - Effect of behavior state on caffeine's ability to alter blood pressure.
AB  - Caffeine use during exposure to mental stress is an extremely common occurrence.
      Because both have been shown to alter blood pressure (BP) and its underlying
      hemodynamic mechanisms, the potential exists for additive or even synergistic
      effects. Changes in heart rate, BP and noninvasive thoracic impedance measures of
      left ventricular function were examined in young men (ages 20 to 36) at rest and
      during a demanding behavioral task performed 40 minutes after predosing with
      caffeine (3.3 mg/kg, equivalent to 2 to 3 cups of coffee) or placebo in a double
      blind crossover design. All subjects were healthy young men without history of
      cardiovascular disease, regular use of nicotine, recreational or prescription
      drugs or caffeine intolerance. Caffeine abstinence was required for 12 hours
      before each test session. Systolic and diastolic BP were elevated by both
      caffeine and the behavioral task alone (p less than 0.01 for each); when
      combined, caffeine's pressor effects were additive to those of the behavioral
      task. However, caffeine's pressor effect was produced by different mechanisms
      depending on the behavioral state. Caffeine increased systemic vascular
      resistance (p less than 0.01) under resting conditions, but it enhanced cardiac
      output (p less than 0.01) during behavioral arousal associated with the task. The
      combined influence of caffeine and the task increased the number of men in whom
      peak systolic BP reached hypertensive levels, and also synergistically increased
      cardiac minute work (p less than 0.01) and the rate-pressure product estimate of
      myocardial oxygen demand (p less than 0.05). Implications of these findings are
      discussed for long standing theoretical disputes regarding caffeine, its health
      consequences, and for methodologic issues in behavioral and clinical studies.

PMID- 3354446
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon
      mitral valvuloplasty.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis underwent balloon
      dilatation of the mitral valve. Significant increases (p less than 0.001) were
      noted in both catheterization- and Doppler-determined valve area (0.9 +/- 0.3 to
      1.8 +/- 0.8 and 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 cm2). However, catheterization and
      Doppler areas before and after valvuloplasty correlated less well (r = 0.51, p
      less than 0.002 and r = 0.47, p less than 0.005, respectively) than the
      catheterization-Doppler area correlation in a previous study of 59 consecutive
      patients with varying degrees of mitral stenosis (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001).
      Mitral valve area increases were independent of valve thickness estimated using 2
      dimensional echocardiography. Flail mitral leaflet movement was not observed and
      the degree of mitral regurgitation qualitatively assessed using pulsed Doppler
      mapping techniques increased by greater than 1 of 4 grades in only 1 patient. The
      lateral mitral valve orifice diameter increased more than the anteroposterior
      diameter, suggesting commissural splitting as the mechanism of successful
      valvuloplasty. Increases (all p less than 0.0001) were noted in mitral valve EF
      slope (7 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 10 mm/s), excursion (11 +/- 5 to 13 +/- 4 mm), S20S
      interval (0.07 +/- 0.02 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 s) and cardiac output (4.2 +/- 1.3 to
      5.3 +/- 2.0 liters/min). There were significant decreases (all p less than 0.001)
      in left atrial diameter (5.4 +/- 1.0 to 5.1 +/- 1.0 cm), mean catheterization
      gradient (15 +/- 5 to 8 +/- 4 mm Hg) and mean Doppler gradient (10 +/- 4 to 6 +/-
      3 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354447
TI  - Angina pectoris and coronary artery disease in severe aortic regurgitation.
AB  - A consecutive series of 198 patients (148 men and 50 women, mean age 51 years,
      range 18 to 76) with pure, isolated, severe aortic regurgitation was
      retrospectively studied to determine the prevalence of angiographically
      significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and its relation to angina pectoris and
      coronary risk factors. Significant CAD (coronary diameter stenoses greater than
      50%) was found in 28 patients (14%). Typical angina was present in 18% and
      atypical chest pain in 16%. Angina alone had a sensitivity of 57% to detect
      significant CAD. The predictive accuracy of a positive history of angina was 46%
      and that of a negative test 93%. By using multivariate logistic regression, a
      risk score could be calculated that increased the sensitivity to 74% at equal
      specificity. Almost 40% of the total population had a risk score of less than 
      2.9 (only 1 patient in this group had CAD). It is concluded that coronary
      arteriography can safely be omitted in many patients with severe aortic
      regurgitation if they have no symptoms of myocardial ischemia or risk factors
      known to increase its incidence.

PMID- 3354448
TI  - Relation between serum nifedipine concentration and hemodynamic effects in
      nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The relation between nifedipine concentration and hemodynamic effects after
      sublingual administration of 10 or 20 mg was examined in 13 patients with
      nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). Serum nifedipine concentrations
      were determined by gas chromatography and were not related to dose. Peripheral
      vascular resistance decreased as a function of nifedipine concentration (r = 
      0.63, p less than 0.001); this was associated with a concentration-related
      increase in heart rate (r = 0.56, p less than 0.001) and in cardiac index (r =
      0.50, p less than 0.001). However, evidence for a pure vasodilator effect of
      nifedipine was inconsistent, in that the change in stroke volume index with
      nifedipine was not significant. Although stroke volume index increased at
      nifedipine concentrations between 60 and 120 ng/ml (38 +/- 6 to 42 +/- 4 ml/m2, p
      less than 0.01), it decreased at concentrations greater than 120 ng/ml (40 +/- 3
      to 38 +/- 4 ml/m2, p less than 0.01). Moreover, pulmonary artery wedge pressure
      increased at nifedipine concentrations greater than 120 ng/ml (11 +/- 2 to 16 +/-
      4 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), suggesting either depressed left ventricular (LV)
      systolic function or reduced LV filling. To investigate these possible
      mechanisms, LV systolic and diastolic function was studied during catheterization
      with a nonimaging scintillation probe in 6 of the 13 patients. In these subjects,
      heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354449
TI  - Doppler ultrasound evaluation of valvar pulmonary stenosis from multiple
      transducer positions in children requiring pulmonary valvuloplasty.
AB  - The modified Bernoulli equation has been used to determine the peak pressure
      difference across stenotic pulmonary valves. The direction of the poststenotic
      jet may be eccentric in relation to the axis of the pulmonary artery.
      Consequently, the maximal velocity obtained from the parasternal transducer
      position may inaccurately estimate peak pressure difference. Thus, Doppler
      derived estimates of pressure difference from the parasternal, subcostal, apical,
      and suprasternal notch transducer positions were compared with peak-to-peak
      pulmonary artery to right ventricle catheter withdrawal pressure differences in
      24 patients admitted for pulmonary valvuloplasty. Suprasternal, subcostal or
      apical transducer positions produced higher maximal velocities than the
      parasternal transducer position in 12 of 24 patients when the studies were
      performed before cardiac catheterization and in 8 of 12 patients when performed
      during cardiac catheterization. The Doppler-derived estimates using the highest
      maximal velocity predicted catheterization pressure difference accurately when
      the measurements were not performed simultaneously (y = 1.05x - 3.3, r = 0.86,
      standard error of the estimate +/- 18.7 mm Hg) and the correlation was closer
      when the measurements were performed simultaneously (y = 1.09x - 2.7, r = 0.97,
      standard error of the estimate +/- 9.4 mm Hg). The transducer position that
      yielded the highest maximal velocity in an individual patient was the same before
      and after valvuloplasty. In all groups, the correlation with pressure at cardiac
      catheterization was improved by using the highest maximal velocity rather than
      the parasternal maximal velocity.

PMID- 3354450
TI  - Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta: associated
      anomalies and pathogenesis.
AB  - The pathologic anatomic features and associated cardiovascular anomalies of 9
      patients with anomalous origin of 1 pulmonary artery (PA) from the ascending
      aorta seen at the University of Florida and 99 previously reported cases were
      analyzed. Anomalous origin of the right PA was much more common than anomalous
      origin of the left PA. The anomalous right PA usually arose from the posterior
      aspect of the ascending aorta close to the aortic valve. Less commonly, it
      originated from the lateral ascending aorta just proximal to the innominate
      artery. Patent ductus arteriosus and aorticopulmonary septal defect were commonly
      associated with anomalous origin of the right PA; other cardiovascular anomalies
      were rare. In contrast, tetralogy of Fallot and aortic arch anomalies, e.g.,
      right aortic arch and anomalous origin of the subclavian artery, were common in
      anomalous origin of the left PA. An association with DiGeorge syndrome,
      frequently noted with persistent truncus arteriosus, was not seen with anomalous
      origin of a PA from the ascending aorta. The observations indicate that anomalous
      origin of the right PA and anomalous origin of the left PA are pathogenetically
      unrelated to each other and both are unrelated to persistent truncus arteriosus.
      Moreover, anomalous origin of the right PA arising close to the innominate artery
      is thought to be pathogenetically distinct from the type that arises close to the
      aortic valve. These pathogenetic relations should be considered in epidemiologic
      studies of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3354451
TI  - An echocardiographic study of the association of ventricular septal defect and
      right ventricular muscle bundles with a fixed subaortic abnormality.
AB  - Since 1983, 36 patients with the combination of right ventricular muscle bundles
      and a perimembranous ventricular septal defect have been studied in our
      institution to address the incidence of on associated subaortic abnormality. Of
      that total 32 (88%) had echocardiographic evidence of such an abnormality (29 had
      a typical subarotic ridge protruding from the crest of the interventricular
      septum and the remaining 3 had an echodense area in the same location). Surgical
      confirmation of the presence or absence of a subaortic abnormality was available
      in 26. There was correlation between the surgical and echocardiographic findings
      in all patients. A resting Doppler gradient of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg
      was present in only 10. During the study period, 6 patients had Doppler evidence
      of progression of their gradient. The incidence of subaortic abnormalities in
      right ventricular muscle bundles and ventricular septal defects appears to be far
      greater than previously suspected. The exact significance of this finding in the
      absence of a pressure gradient is still unclear.

PMID- 3354452
TI  - Cardiorespiratory exercise testing after venous switch operation in children with
      complete transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - In 14 children who underwent a venous switch operation for complete transposition
      of the great arteries, exercise testing was performed 3 to 15 years (mean 8)
      after the operation. Exercise performance capacity was assessed by the
      determination of the ventilatory threshold during exercise and by the oxygen
      uptake (VO2) reached at a heart rate of 170 beats/min (VO2,170). The ventilatory
      threshold was defined as the highest oxygen uptake (VO2) at which the pulmonary
      ventilation (VE) stops to increase linearly when related to VO2. During exercise
      above this threshold a disproportionate increase in VE relative to VO2 is
      observed. The mean ventilatory threshold was significantly lower (p less than
      0.01) than the normal mean value and averaged 72 +/- 15%, 67 +/- 15% and 70 +/-
      13% of the predicted normal value for children of comparable age, weight and
      height, respectively. The mean value for VO2,170 also was significantly lower (p
      less than 0.05) than the normal mean value for children of comparable age, weight
      and height, and averaged 81 +/- 20%, 81 +/- 18% and 80 +/- 18%, respectively.
      Compared with normal control subjects of the same sex and age, the ventilatory
      threshold was surpassed sooner (p less than 0.001) and reached after 2 +/- 1 min
      instead of the 4 +/- 1 min required by the controls. In nearly half of the
      patients, a lower than normal (i.e. below the 95% confidence limit) heart rate
      response to exercise was observed. Theoretically, this could be interpreted as
      indicating a normal or high physical performance capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354453
TI  - Influence of stenosis severity on coronary collateral development and importance
      of collaterals in maintaining left ventricular function during acute coronary
      occlusion.

PMID- 3354454
TI  - Left axis deviation and left anterior fascicular block.

PMID- 3354455
TI  - The logic of using either two mechanical valves or two bioprosthetic valves for
      replacement of both mitral and aortic valves.

PMID- 3354456
TI  - Echo Doppler assessment of cardiac output and its relation to growth in normal
      infants [correction].

PMID- 3354457
TI  - Linking by collision initiated in the absence of preexisting reentrant
      tachycardia: electrophysiologic demonstration and significance [correction].

PMID- 3354458
TI  - Aging, myocardial compliance and ventricular filling sounds.

PMID- 3354459
TI  - Significance of high CK-MB/CK ratios with normal creatine kinase in acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3354460
TI  - Silent ischemia: an unproven therapeutic concept.

PMID- 3354461
TI  - Doppler evaluation of diastolic flow in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3354462
TI  - Nifedipine-induced parotitis: a hypersensitivity reaction.

PMID- 3354463
TI  - Left ventricular dysfunction after prolonged strenuous exercise in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - To determine whether depressed left ventricular (LV) contractile function can
      occur after prolonged and strenuous exercise, 12 healthy men, 26 +/- 1 years old
      (mean +/- standard error of the mean) were studied. The subjects exercised on a
      treadmill at 69 +/- 1% of maximal O2 uptake until exhaustion (170 +/- 10
      minutes). Hemodynamic variables were measured before and 10 minutes after
      exhausting exercise. Baseline systolic blood pressure decreased from 124 +/- 2 to
      113 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) after exhausting exercise. LV end-diastolic
      diameter, measured by echocardiography, decreased from 51 +/- 1.0 to 47 +/- 1.0
      mm (p less than 0.005) but LV end-systolic diameter did not change (34 +/- 1.0 vs
      34 +/- 1.0 mm). Both LV fractional shortening and the mean velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening decreased (33 +/- 1 vs 28 +/- 1%; p less than
      0.01 and 1.09 +/- 0.4 vs 0.97 +/- 0.05 circ/s; p less than 0.025) despite a lower
      end-systolic wall stress (sigma es = 88 +/- 4 vs 82 +/- 5, X 10(3) dynes/cm2; p
      less than 0.05) after prolonged exhausting exercise. A repeat bout of exercise of
      the same intensity but brief in duration (10 minutes) resulted in increases in LV
      fractional shortening (p less than 0.001) and mean velocity of circumferential
      fiber shortening (p less than 0.001), and a decrease in LV end-diastolic diameter
      (50 +/- 1.0 to 48 +/- 1.0 mm; p less than 0.05) at heart rates comparable to
      those attained after prolonged exhausting exercise. The results suggest that
      prolonged strenuous exercise may result in impaired LV function in healthy young
      subjects.

PMID- 3354464
TI  - Optimal lead subsets for reconstruction of QRS and ST-T in 35-lead precordial
      maps.
AB  - Precordial maps have been used for some 15 years to estimate the extent of
      myocardial injury in patients with acute anterior or lateral wall infarction.
      Estimates have been based on various QRS- and ST-T-derived parameters, including
      amplitude sum of ST elevations. Application of the electrodes, commonly 35, is
      cumbersome and time-consuming with the critically ill. A subset of 5 or 7
      selected leads can be applied instead, and the remaining leads calculated from
      that subset with minimal loss of QRS and ST-T information. Maps were recorded
      from 100 patients within 72 hours of onset of anterior or lateral infarct.
      Optimal lead subsets for QRS and ST-T feature extraction were found by the
      sequential selection method of Lux. Subsets numbering between 2 and 15 leads were
      derived, with their lead-transform coefficients. Measures to estimate goodness of
      fit for reconstructed leads included correlations, error-to-signal ratios and
      root-mean-square errors. These measures were calculated separately over the QRS
      and ST-T complexes. Reconstructions from a 7-lead subset had a mean 0.92
      correlation with ST-T in the original leads and root-mean-square error of only
      0.04 mV. Sum of ST elevation differed by only 2% between original leads and
      reconstructions based on 5 or more leads. To confirm repeatability, lead
      transform coefficients were also calculated from a training population of 50
      patients and applied to the maps of the other 50.

PMID- 3354465
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on out-of-hospital silent myocardial ischemia in
      asymptomatic men with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3354466
TI  - Relation of left ventricular free wall rupture in acute myocardial infarction to
      forced immobilization.

PMID- 3354467
TI  - Propafenone for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3354468
TI  - Ventriculoatrial conduction and atrial activation during ventricular flutter and
      fibrillation.

PMID- 3354469
TI  - Fatal and nonfatal cardiac arrest in patients with an implanted antitachycardia
      device for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3354470
TI  - Analysis of antiarrhythmic drug concentrations determined during
      electrophysiologic drug testing in patients with inducible tachycardias.

PMID- 3354471
TI  - Acute termination of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in children by
      transesophageal atrial pacing.

PMID- 3354472
TI  - Color and pulsed-wave Doppler study of aortic regurgitation in systemic
      hypertension.

PMID- 3354473
TI  - Lipoprotein profiles of elite veteran endurance athletes.

PMID- 3354474
TI  - Idioventricular rates in early and late phases of acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3354475
TI  - Coronary artery spasm, cardiac arrest, transient electrocardiographic Q waves and
      stunned myocardium in cocaine-associated acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3354476
TI  - Sudden death in hemochromatosis after closed-chest catheter ablation of the
      atrioventricular junction.

PMID- 3354477
TI  - Transient entrainment of pacemaker circus movement tachycardia.

PMID- 3354478
TI  - Bioprostheses in tricuspid and mitral valve positions for 100 months with heavier
      calcific deposits on the left-sided valve followed by new bioprostheses in both
      positions for 95 months with heavier calcific deposits on the right-sided valve.

PMID- 3354479
TI  - Left isomerism with left-sided systemic venous return and ventriculoarterial
      concordance: six-year follow-up after a "mirror image" Mustard operation.

PMID- 3354480
TI  - Aortic aneurysms after subclavian angioplasty repair of coarctation of the aorta.

PMID- 3354481
TI  - Reversal of ST depression and low maximal oxygen uptake after verapamil with
      normal coronary arteries and pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3354482
TI  - Fetal Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3354483
TI  - Termination of ventricular tachycardia with transcutaneous cardiac pacing.

PMID- 3354484
TI  - Doppler prediction of transvalvular gradient and stenotic orifice area.

PMID- 3354485
TI  - Cardiac rhythm in atrial isomerism.

PMID- 3354486
TI  - Correct nomenclature for the cardiomyopathies.

PMID- 3354487
TI  - Familial resemblance in energy intake: contribution of genetic and environmental
      factors.
AB  - Total energy intake and intakes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein as well as the
      percentage of energy derived from these nutrients were calculated from a 3-d
      dietary record in 1597 subjects living in 375 families of French descent.
      Familial correlations were computed in pairs of biological relatives and
      relatives by adoption and used in the path-analysis BETA model to determine the
      contribution of genetic and nongenetic factors in the familial resemblance
      observed in energy intake. No significant genetic effect was found for intake of
      any nutrient tested (h2 less than or equal to 11%) and cultural inheritance was
      found to be more important than genetic inheritance. Nontransmitted environmental
      factors, including home environmental effects, were found to account for more
      than 50% of the variation observed in the energy-intake components. These results
      suggest that the average genetic influence on nutrient intake is negligible and
      that nongenetic effects associated mainly with home environmental effects are the
      major affecters of energy intake.

PMID- 3354488
TI  - Vitamin and trace element status in premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - Nutritional and trace element status as measured by plasma concentrations of
      magnesium, zinc, retinol (vitamin A), and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and the
      activities of red cell enzymes dependent on thiamin and pyridoxine (vitamin B-6)
      were determined in 38 women suffering premenstrual syndrome and in 23 control
      subjects. Blood samples were collected in the premenstrual and in midfollicular
      phase. Diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome was based on accepted retrospective
      criteria and on prospective symptom reports collected over three menstrual
      cycles. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that premenstrual
      symptoms are caused by absolute or relative nutritional deficiencies.

PMID- 3354489
TI  - Zinc, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in milk from American and Egyptian
      women throughout the first 6 months of lactation.
AB  - Effects of stage of lactation, nutrient intake, and cultural differences on the
      composition of human milk were examined during the first 6 mo of lactation in
      American and Egyptian women. In both population groups zinc levels in milk
      decreased from 1 to 6 months of lactation. American women supplemented with Zn
      had higher levels of Zn in their milk than did unsupplemented American or
      Egyptian women. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium were not significantly
      different in milk of American and Egyptian women except at month 6 of lactation.
      Ca levels in milk of both population groups increased from 1 to 2-3 mo of
      lactation and then decreased at 6 mo; Mg concentrations increased from 1 to 3 mo
      and then reached a plateau. Similarities in the longitudinal decrease observed in
      Zn levels of milk in Zn supplemented and unsupplemented subjects suggested
      physiological regulation.

PMID- 3354490
TI  - Effect of low- and high-fat intakes on the hormonal milieu of premenopausal
      women.
AB  - To compare the influence of low- and high-fat diets on hormone metabolism, we
      studied six premenopausal women over two complete menstrual cycles. After an
      initial 7-10 d dietary adjustment subjects were randomly assigned to either low-
      (25% of calories) or high-fat (46% of calories) diets. The diets were isocaloric
      and similar in proportions of protein, polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid
      ratio, fiber, and cholesterol. All subjects completed both diets in a crossover
      experimental design. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected every
      other day. No significant differences in plasma luteinizing hormone,
      progesterone, prolactin, estrone (E1), and estradiol-17 beta (E2) or in urinary
      E1, E2, and estriol were observed. Prolactin secretion in response to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone stimulation was also unchanged. Dietary fat may influence
      breast-cancer incidence by modulating the hormonal environment; however, an
      increase in short-term fat intake from 28 to 51 g/1000 kcal did not lead to
      substantial differences in the hormonal milieu.

PMID- 3354491
TI  - Plasma and urine taurine levels in vegans.
AB  - Plasma taurine levels and urinary taurine excretion were measured in 12 strict
      vegetarian (vegan) males who had maintained a vegan diet for 53 +/- 26 mo (SD)
      and in 14 male nonvegetarian control subjects. Plasma taurine levels differed (45
      +/- 7 vs 58 +/- 16 mumol/L, respectively). Urinary taurine excretion was lower
      (266 +/- 279 vs 903 +/- 580 mumol/d), urinary N pi-methylhistidine was barely
      detectable, and urinary N tau-methylhistidine was significantly reduced (296 +/-
      87 vs 427 +/- 19 mumol/d) in the vegans. Analysis of 3-d dietary diaries kept by
      the vegans indicated marginal to adequate intake of protein, carbohydrate,
      vitamin B-6, methionine, and cystine; inadequate intake of zinc; and negligible
      intake of taurine. Prolonged absence of dietary taurine intake causes decreased
      plasma taurine and severely restricted urinary taurine output.

PMID- 3354492
TI  - Prealbumin-retinol-binding-protein-retinol complex in hemodialysis patients.
AB  - In hemodialysis (HD) patients, serum prealbumin (TBPA) is correlated to
      nutritional status and outcome despite usually elevated serum levels. The purpose
      of this work was to study the role of TBPA-retinol-binding-protein (RBP)-retinol
      complex changes in the elevation of serum TBPA in HD patients. Serum TBPA, RBP,
      and retinol were measured in 30 otherwise healthy HD patients (15 men, 15 women)
      and in 30 healthy volunteers (15 men, 15 women). The dependence of TBPA on RBP
      was studied by covariance and regression methods. TBPA (p less than 0.05), RBP (p
      less than 0.01), and retinol (p less than 0.05) were elevated in HD patients.
      Elevated TBPA was associated with a decrease of TBPA free from RBP (p less than
      0.01). The decrease of free TBPA may explain the reduction of TBPA breakdown and
      its elevation in HD patients.

PMID- 3354493
TI  - Energy intake, energy expenditure, and smoking in relation to body fatness: the
      Zutphen Study.
AB  - In 1965 within the Zutphen Study information on several possible determinants of
      body fatness (eg, energy intake, energy expenditure, alcohol intake, coffee
      consumption, tea consumption, and smoking) was collected. Univariate analyses
      showed that for 525 men aged 45-64 y and free from cardiovascular diseases,
      indicators of body fatness were inversely related to the difference between
      energy intake and expenditure, physical activity per kilogram body weight,
      smoking, and coffee consumption. Alcohol intake was directly related to Quetelet
      index, and tea consumption was not related to indicators of body fatness. Inverse
      associations between indicators of body fatness and the difference between energy
      intake and expenditure, physical activity per kilogram body weight, and smoking
      were confirmed in multivariate analyses. The inverse association between body
      fatness and the difference between energy intake and expenditure may be due to
      the underestimation of energy intake by obese subjects. In lean people this
      association may be explained by a thermogenic effect of smoking.

PMID- 3354494
TI  - Metabolic effects of fructose and glucose: implications for food intake.
AB  - Differential effects of fructose and glucose preloads on carbohydrate metabolism
      and later food intake were examined in both lean and obese subjects. In study 1,
      a preload of either 50 g of fructose or glucose was administered in solution, and
      food intake at a buffet lunch presented 2.25 h after preload was assessed.
      Significant differences in caloric intake were observed between load conditions
      with the fructose group consuming fewer calories than the glucose group. Obese
      subjects demonstrated significantly greater insulin responses to the preload
      compared with lean subjects, and insulin levels of obese subjects at 15, 30, and
      45 min after preload were found to correlate significantly with amount consumed.
      Incorporation of fructose or glucose into a mixed meal format in study 2 revealed
      no differences in subsequent caloric intake as a function of either type of
      preload or percent overweight. Differing insulin levels are discussed as a
      possible mechanism for differential food intake.

PMID- 3354495
TI  - Short- and long-term vitamin A treatment in children with cholestasis.
AB  - Newborns have limited reserve supplies of vitamin A. Infants with chronic
      cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional state because of their limited
      ability to build these stores even though the vitamin is present in their diet.
      In this study, we investigated liver concentrations of vitamin A in 30 children
      with extrahepatic biliary atresia. We demonstrate that correction of the
      deficiency occurs after intramuscular administration of a water-miscible solution
      of retinyl palmitate (100,000 IU, or 30 mg retinol equivalent). Furthermore, we
      evaluated the effect of vitamin A injections on liver and blood concentrations in
      nine children with chronic cholestasis over a 1-y period. We conclude this
      treatment is efficient and is well tolerated.

PMID- 3354496
TI  - Calcium absorbability from spinach.
AB  - The absorbability of calcium from spinach was compared with the absorbability of
      Ca from milk in 13 healthy adults in a randomized cross-over design in which the
      test meal of either milk or spinach had 200 mg of Ca labeled with 45Ca.
      Absorption was measured by the standard double-isotope method in which both the
      test food and the miscible Ca pool are labeled with different Ca tracers.
      Measurement of both Ca and oxalate in our test spinach revealed a very slight
      stoichiometric excess of oxalate; hence it is likely that all of the spinach Ca
      was effectively bound. Absorption was higher from milk in every case, with the
      mean absorption from milk averaging 27.6% and from spinach, 5.1%. The mean within
      subject difference between Ca absorption from milk and from spinach was 22.5 +/-
      9.5% (P less than 0.0001). These results conclusively establish that spinach Ca
      is much less readily available than milk Ca.

PMID- 3354497
TI  - Nutritional and medical status of lactating women and their infants in the
      Kathmandu valley of Nepal.
AB  - In six villages in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal, an intensive health and
      nutrition study was conducted on 26 lactating women and their 2--6-month-old
      infants. Analysis of 24-h duplicate diet composites indicated that the mothers
      were consuming approximately 2100 kcal energy/d. The diets contained
      approximately 62 g protein (11.6% of the calories), 392 g carbohydrate (73.3% of
      the calories), and 20.9 g fat (8.6% of the calories) and a mean of 24 g neutral
      detergent fiber. Although anthropometric measurements indicated that the mothers
      had mild protein malnutrition and inadequate energy reserves, their infants
      exhibited low-normal weight and length for age. All the mothers had hepatitis A
      antibodies; 92% had tropical eosinophilia, indicating intestinal parasites; 16%
      had cheilosis and angular stomatitis, indicating a possible B-vitamin deficiency;
      and 8% had elevated urinary nitrite, indicating urinary tract infection. There
      were no unusual physical findings on the infants. Although the children appeared
      healthy, the mothers showed evidence of multiple infections and possible nutrient
      deficiencies.

PMID- 3354498
TI  - Copper, iron, zinc, and selenium dietary intake and status of Nepalese lactating
      women and their breast-fed infants.
AB  - The dietary intake of copper, iron, zinc, and selenium of 26 Nepalese lactating
      mothers was estimated from chemical analysis of 24-h food and beverage
      composites. Fasting blood and milk samples were obtained from the mothers and
      blood samples were obtained from the infants. The Nepalese mothers consumed
      significantly more Cu, significantly less Fe and Se, and similar amounts of Zn as
      compared with American lactating women. Blood Fe status indices and plasma
      concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Se were lower in the Nepalese mothers than in the
      American mothers. These lower values may in part be related to the high neutral
      detergent fiber and phytate content of the Nepalese diet, which could make these
      minerals less available for absorption. The high exposure to infections in Nepal
      may also depress Fe status indices and plasma Zn concentrations. The lower
      dietary Se intake of the Nepalese mothers was reflected in lower milk
      concentrations.

PMID- 3354499
TI  - Calcium and magnesium dietary intakes and plasma and milk concentrations of
      Nepalese lactating women.
AB  - Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes of 26 Nepalese lactating women were
      determined from analysis of 24-h duplicate food and beverage composites. In
      addition, blood, urine, and milk samples were collected. The mean Ca intake of
      these Nepalese mothers, 482 +/- 249 mg/d, was less than half that of American
      lactating women yet the Ca concentration of the milk was similar for the two
      groups of women. The Nepalese mothers appeared to maintain milk Ca concentrations
      by an increase in bone resorption as demonstrated by an elevated excretion of
      hydroxyproline. The Nepalese women had a mean Mg intake of 353 +/- 28 mg/d. Two
      locally available foods considered special for lactating women, jwano and
      gundruk, were examined for nutrient content and found to contain high
      concentrations of Ca and Mg. Increased consumption of these locally grown foods
      could add substantially to the Ca and Mg intakes of these lactating women.

PMID- 3354500
TI  - Lectin binding activity in appendiceal mucocele.
AB  - In order to further clarify the histologic criteria and prognostic measurement of
      appendiceal adenoma and well differentiated adenocarcinoma, lectin binding
      activity in 31 cases of appendiceal mucocele (6 hyperplasias, 16 adenomas and 9
      adenocarcinomas) was studied using an immunoperoxidase staining method. An
      additional 45 cases of colonic lesions (15 adenomas and 30 adenocarcinomas) were
      also examined as the corresponding controls. Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA)
      bound selectively to the neoplastic cells of adenocarcinomas in the appendix and
      colon, but in contrast, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) binding activity was
      observed in both normal mucosa and adenomas, and in appendiceal hyperplasia. The
      fact that one case each of appendiceal adenoma and colonic villous adenoma showed
      a diffuse positive reactivity with PNA, which was comparable with similar binding
      in the adenocarcinoma cases, may suggest development of a malignant behavior
      prior to the histologic expression of malignant transformation in the appendiceal
      mucocele.

PMID- 3354501
TI  - Diagnostic value of cytopathology in Barrett esophagus and associated carcinoma.
AB  - Barrett esophagus, the columnar-lined distal esophagus acquired as a consequence
      of chronic gastroesophageal reflux, is associated with the development of
      columnar epithelial dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma. To determine the
      efficacy of cytopathology in identifying Barrett esophagus and related neoplasia,
      observations were compared on 150 esophageal cytology samples with concurrent
      endoscopic biopsy specimens. Sixty-six specimens that contained benign columnar
      epithelium in either cytologic or biopsy material were identified. Distinctive
      type Barrett mucosa with incomplete intestinalization, considered diagnostic of
      Barrett esophagus, was found in 34 of 66 cases (52%) and was present only in
      cytologic material in 11 cases. Twenty-two specimens contained cardiac-type
      mucosa (present only in cytology in ten cases), a finding of uncertain
      significance due to lack of localization of the sample with respect to the
      gastroesophageal junction. Fundic-type mucosa was not observed in any specimen.
      Two cases of distinctive-type Barrett mucosa with columnar epithelial dysplasia
      were identified in both biopsy and cytology specimens. Among eight Barrett
      associated carcinomas (seven adenocarcinomas and one squamous), cytologic
      material was diagnostic for malignancy in seven and highly suspicious in one. It
      was concluded that cytopathologic studies are a useful adjunct to biopsy
      histopathology in the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus and associated carcinoma.
      The role of cytopathology in the diagnosis of Barrett-related columnar epithelial
      dysplasia requires further study, and at present a cautious approach with biopsy
      confirmation is recommended.

PMID- 3354502
TI  - Detection of urinary tract cancer in urinalysis specimens in an outpatient
      population.
AB  - This investigation was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of detecting
      urinary tract cancer in an outpatient population utilizing the urinalysis
      sediment. A total of 9870 urinalysis wet preparations was examined on patients
      from various clinics serviced by the clinical microscopy laboratories. One
      hundred forty-eight of these examinations were considered to be abnormal (1.5%).
      Follow-up urine specimens from the patients with atypical wet preparations
      examined in the cytology laboratory by the permanent procedure were obtained from
      100 patients (68% return rate). Histopathologic follow-up studies revealed 12 of
      the original abnormal wet preparations had histologic evidence of cancer. Such a
      high pick up rate (1.2 per 1000) suggests that this examination for cancer is a
      valuable additional part of urinalysis.

PMID- 3354503
TI  - The use of red cell distribution width in the detection of iron deficiency in
      chronic hemodialysis patients.
AB  - Forty patients on maintenance hemodialysis were studied to determine the
      usefulness of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in screening these
      patients for iron deficiency. Serum ferritin was used as the indicator of body
      iron stores. The sensitivity of RDW elevation in determining the likelihood of
      iron store depletion was 89%; and the negative predictive value of a normal RDW
      was 93%. The specificity of RDW elevation for iron deficiency was only 45%, and
      the positive predictive value was 32%. This study has confirmed the usefulness of
      the RDW as a screening test for iron deficiency in chronic hemodialysis patients.
      However, the low specificity and positive predictive value of the test also
      suggests the need for further studies when there is an unexplained elevation of
      the RDW.

PMID- 3354504
TI  - Assessment of interference by heparin cofactor II in the DuPont aca antithrombin
      III assay.
AB  - Hereditary deficiency of antithrombin-III (AT-III), the major heparin cofactor in
      human plasma, is a well-established cause of recurrent venous thrombosis. Cross
      reactivity of heparin cofactor II (HC II) in assays of AT-III may, in some cases,
      interfere with the ability to diagnose hereditary deficiency of AT-III. For that
      reason, we have evaluated the interference by HC II in the new DuPont aca
      antithrombin assay. Response of the assay to purified AT-III and HC II was
      compared. Inhibition of the bovine thrombin in the assay was sixfold less per
      molecule of HC II than of AT-III. This level of selectivity should be adequate to
      prevent misdiagnosis of patients. Analysis of patient samples showed close
      correlation (r = 0.91) of values from the automated aca assay with those of a
      manual assay (Coatest antithrombin, Helena Laboratories).

PMID- 3354505
TI  - The use of laboratory intervention to stem the flow of fresh-frozen plasma.
AB  - Four methods of laboratory intervention were tested by the hospital blood bank in
      an effort to modify the use of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP). Over a one-year period,
      a utilization audit was serially initiated with feedback to physicians, a
      recurrent educational program was introduced for housestaff delineating
      guidelines for FFP use, a form was introduced requiring justification for FFP
      orders, and a policy was established requiring pathologist approval of FFP in
      patients with normal or no coagulation studies. Overall, in comparing the period
      following all forms of intervention (February 1986-October 1986) to the baseline
      period prior to any form of intervention (July 1984-March 1985), FFP use dropped
      52% in the face of a 17% increase in red blood cell use. It was concluded that
      blood bankers can dramatically alter the use of this product using established
      methods for modifying physician ordering behavior.

PMID- 3354506
TI  - Stool caproic acid for screening of Clostridium difficile.
AB  - Clostridium difficile is the prime etiologic agent in the production of
      pseudomembranous colitis by its powerful cytotoxin. The most common test for the
      toxin is a tissue culture method with neutralization of cytopathic effect by a C.
      difficile antiserum. This method is expensive and requires a minimum of 72 hours
      before results can be obtained. Attempts to create a rapid method,
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, latex agglutination,
      and fluorescent antibody test are fraught with many problems. This report
      describes a rapid method for the identification of C. difficile, using gas-liquid
      chromatography (GLC) for the demonstration of caproic acid, a product of the
      organisms fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 3354507
TI  - Dipstick evaluation of hematuria in abdominal trauma.
AB  - Urine microscopic evaluation of hematuria has traditionally been used to
      determine the need for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) in individuals with blunt
      abdominal trauma. An IVP is generally advocated in cases where greater than 5-10
      red blood cells per high power field (RBC/HPF) are identified. Various
      laboratories have advocated the use of dipstick examination of these urine
      specimens as a replacement for microscopic examination. Urine specimens from 178
      consecutive patients with blunt abdominal injury were evaluated by dipstick
      (Chemstrip 9, Cat. No. 417190, Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics) and microscopic
      examination. Sensitivity of dipstick testing for microscopic hematuria was 100%
      as compared to microscopic examination (positive greater than or equal to
      5RBC/HPF); specificity was 58.6%. Predictive value of a positive test (PVP) was
      60.8%; predictive value of a negative test (PVN) was 100%. Evaluation of
      proteinuria performed as an additional means of assessing renal integrity was
      found to be less sensitive, but more specific than, dipstick evaluation of
      hematuria. Poor correlation was seen between the degree of positivity by dipstick
      testing and the actual degree of microscopic hematuria. It is concluded that
      specimens which are negative for hematuria by dipstick do not need further
      testing by microscopic examination. All specimens which contain blood by dipstick
      evaluation need to be examined microscopically to predict the need for IVP.

PMID- 3354508
TI  - Pseudoglandular schwannoma.
AB  - The glandular schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma in which the focally
      occurring glands are lined by cells resembling intestinal or respiratory type
      epithelium, or ependyma. The schwannomas harboring these glands are usually
      malignant and usually arise in the setting of von Recklinghausen's disease. The
      case presented in this report is that of a 43-year-old man who had no evidence of
      neurofibromatosis, and developed a benign schwannoma that contained multiple well
      formed gland-like structures. The cells lining the glands, when examined
      ultrastructurally and histochemically, proved to be Schwann cells, a unique
      finding that may provide a clue to the histogenesis of the glandular schwannoma.

PMID- 3354509
TI  - Familial hypercholesterolemia with unusual foamy histiocytes. Report of a case
      with myelophthisic anemia and xanthoma of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - Accumulation of phagocytic histiocytes with a foam cell morphology has been
      described in a number of diseases. Familial hypercholesterolemia, one such
      disease, is characterized by foamy histiocytic accumulation in cutaneous or
      tendinous xanthomas and within atheromatous lesions. This report describes a
      patient with familial hypercholesterolemia who had two unusual manifestations of
      foamy histiocytic accumulation: a maxillary sinus xanthoma, which presented as an
      expansile mass, and diffuse bone marrow replacement with foamy histiocytes, which
      was associated with myelophthisic anemia. The accumulation of foamy cells in both
      locations resembled that seen in many of the storage diseases. The possibility of
      foamy histiocytic accumulation should be considered in the differential diagnosis
      of patients with these disease entities who present with space-occupying lesions.

PMID- 3354510
TI  - Primary carcinoid tumor of the liver.
AB  - A primary hepatic tumor with histologic features suggestive of carcinoid tumor is
      reported, and six previously reported cases reviewed. Tumor cells contained
      electron dense secretory granules with an average diameter 150-200 nm which
      demonstrated positive argyrophilic reactions. On immunohistochemistry,
      chromogranin A was positively stained. No endocrine syndrome was present and an
      alternative primary source of the tumor was not found, despite an intensive
      search.

PMID- 3354511
TI  - Pneumococcal aortitis with rupture of the aorta. Report of a case and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Microbial arteritis, an entity often considered under the category of mycotic
      aneurysms, is an uncommon infectious process which generally results from
      bacteremic seeding of a preexisting aortic lesion. This report describes a fatal
      case of microbial arteritis involving a 51-year-old man who presented as an
      outpatient with diffuse myalgias and abdominal pain of approximately two weeks'
      duration. Necropsy finding revealed an exsanguinating hemorrhage from an infected
      nonaneurysmal abdominal aortic plaque caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
      Documented cases of microbial aortitis due to S. pneumoniae are quite rare in
      present times and were not often observed in the preantibiotic era even in the
      setting of bacterial endocarditis. The pathology, pathogenesis, and incidence of
      aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal aortic infections, with special reference to the
      pneumococcus, are reviewed.

PMID- 3354513
TI  - Error and possibly misleading statements concerning standards for culture media.

PMID- 3354512
TI  - Corynebacterium xerosis septic arthritis.
AB  - A 62-year-old man developed acute septic arthritis due to Corynebacterium
      xerosis. The patient was treated with ampicillin and rapidly recovered. To the
      authors' knowledge this is the only reported case of septic arthritis due to C.
      xerosis. Clinical features of this case and the five previously reported cases of
      diphtheroid arthritis are discussed.

PMID- 3354514
TI  - More about paraproteins in HIV-positive asymptomatic subjects.

PMID- 3354515
TI  - Analytic goals.

PMID- 3354516
TI  - Libel and slander protection for the dead. Another problem for medical examiners.

PMID- 3354517
TI  - Trauma, sport, and malignant cerebral edema.
AB  - Sudden cerebral swelling and death secondary to craniocerebral trauma has been
      noted in children and young adults. This is due to an increase in intracerebral
      blood, either secondary to an increase in cerebral blood volume or a
      redistribution of intracranial blood from the pial to the intraparenchymal
      vessels. Sequential craniocerebral trauma has been associated with the syndrome
      of "malignant cerebral edema"; the possibility of a "compliance compromised
      brain" has been suggested as the cause. The additional possibility of
      asymptomatic encephalitis leading to a compliance compromised brain and malignant
      cerebral edema is discussed.

PMID- 3354518
TI  - Effects of positional restraint on oxygen saturation and heart rate following
      exercise.
AB  - This report assesses the effects on peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate
      that positional restraint induces when a person is prone, handcuffed, and "hog
      tied." Peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored at rest, during
      exercise, and during recovery from exercise for 10 adult subjects. The effects of
      positional restraint produced a mean recovery time that was significantly
      prolonged. Consequently, the physiological effects produced by positional
      restraint should be recognized in deaths where such measures are used.

PMID- 3354519
TI  - The forensic significance of conjunctival petechiae.
AB  - Conjunctival petechiae were mentioned in 227 (4.5%) of 5,000 consecutive autopsy
      reports of the Dade County Medical Examiner Department. They were most frequently
      observed in those who had died natural deaths (particularly due to cardiovascular
      disease), followed by those who had died from asphyxia, head injury, and central
      nervous system disorders. The incidence of conjunctival petechiae in victims of
      homicidal asphyxiation was 78%. These data suggest that conjunctival petechiae
      most often are the result of hypoxia coupled with an acute increase in cephalic
      vascular pressure. The latter factor may be the consequence of mechanical
      vascular obstruction or acute right heart failure.

PMID- 3354520
TI  - Resuscitation and petechiae.
AB  - Petechiae can be important corroborative evidence of asphyxia, but are also seen
      in persons who have died of other means. It is not uncommon to encounter them in
      cases in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation has reestablished blood flow and
      pressure in small vessels already damaged by hypoxia resulting in the formation
      of petechiae. This report documents some representative cases.

PMID- 3354521
TI  - Seat-belt injuries to the left common carotid artery and left internal carotid
      artery.
AB  - Seat-belt injuries to the neck in a traffic accident or any trauma to the neck in
      other situations can cause tearing of the inner surface of the carotid arteries
      and lead to the formation of a fresh thrombus, or can cause partial to complete
      transection of the carotid arteries.

PMID- 3354522
TI  - Histological assessment of gestational age in human embryos and fetuses.
AB  - A light microscopic study performed on 760 human fetuses allows us to define
      several stages in their visceral development and to relate these to gestational
      age. The histological examination of most viscera, such as the central nervous
      system, is useless when the tissue preservation is poor. Nevertheless, three
      organs may still be studied in macerated fetuses: the lungs (where different
      glandular, canalar, and alveolar stages of development are evident), the kidneys
      (where the respective numbers of rows of primitive glomeruli and of generations
      of mature glomeruli vary after week 22), and the adrenal glands (where
      neuroblastic nests are normally found between weeks 7 and 26 of gestation). It is
      important to compare the degree of histological maturation with the clinical,
      macroscopic, and radiologic data in order to define the profile of maturation
      proper to each human fetus.

PMID- 3354523
TI  - Intentional overdosage with propranolol. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of suicide by ingestion of propranolol are reported. The mechanism of
      toxicity and the autopsy and toxicologic findings are presented. Approaches to
      the investigation of such cases are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3354524
TI  - Hypernatremia due to amniotic fluid embolism during a saline-induced abortion.
AB  - A case of fatal amniotic fluid embolism leading to hypernatremia during a
      hypertonic saline-induced abortion is reported. This sequence of events has not,
      to our knowledge, been previously reported. Hypernatremia as a diagnostic aid for
      amniotic fluid embolism is discussed.

PMID- 3354525
TI  - Childhood sudden death secondary to accidental aspiration of black pepper.
AB  - The case history is presented of a 4-year-old boy, with a history of pica, who
      aspirated table pepper with subsequent respiratory arrest, severe anoxia, and
      death. We believe this to be the first case reported in the literature of fatal
      accidental aspiration of pepper.

PMID- 3354526
TI  - Fetal strangulation following uterine rupture.
AB  - A woman who was 30 weeks pregnant was sitting with a three-point seat belt
      fastened in the front passenger seat of an automobile that was involved in a head
      on collision. On admission to hospital, the fetus was found in a breech position
      with the fetal head situated just beneath the mother's liver. Laparotomy had to
      be performed 4 h later and the fetus was found to have been completely expelled
      from the uterine cavity through a rupture in the fundus uteri. The findings in
      the fetus suggest that the head was expelled first, and that the fetus was then
      strangled by uterine contractions. The significance of using seat belts during
      pregnancy is discussed briefly.

PMID- 3354527
TI  - Fourteen years' survival with an untreated traumatic rupture of the thoracal
      aorta.
AB  - Untreated traumatic rupture of the aorta generally results in sudden death. A
      case with 14 years' survival after an unrecognized traumatic rupture of the aorta
      is presented. Chronic traumatic aneurysm of the aorta should be kept in mind in a
      patient who develops sudden symptoms of arteriosclerotic heart disease months to
      years after a relevant thoracic trauma.

PMID- 3354528
TI  - Dental anesthetic death. An unusual autoerotic episode.
AB  - The details of an unusual autoerotic death are presented; the postulated method
      of induction of cerebral hypoxia was inhalation of nitrous oxide from a dental
      anesthetic machine; the theme of dental anesthesia, presumably an elaborate
      bondage fetish, recurred in documentary material found at the scene.

PMID- 3354529
TI  - Autoamputation of the left arm--a bizarre suicide.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman committed suicide by amputating her left arm immediately
      below the shoulder joint with a small kitchen knife. No references to such a
      suicide were found in an extensive literature search.

PMID- 3354530
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder. A real entity in death investigation.
AB  - Posttraumatic stress disorder, formally known as battle fatigue, is a real entity
      in those offices where investigators and pathologists perform the role of death
      certifiers. Failure to acknowledge this problem may predispose the unsuspecting
      agency employees to frequent job changes, disruptive behavior, and substance
      abuse.

PMID- 3354531
TI  - Forensic medicine in Bangladesh. An impression.

PMID- 3354532
TI  - Fatal complications related to diagnostic barium enema.
AB  - Thousands of barium enemas are performed in the United States each year without
      incident. Occasionally complications arise, only a few of which are fatal.
      Perforation is the most frequent serious complication of this procedure. Two
      instances of fatal perforation, one colonic and the other vaginal, are described,
      and the relevant literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3354533
TI  - The forensic pathology specialty certifications.
AB  - The subspecialty of pathology known as forensic pathology has been certified by
      the American Board of Pathology since 1959, when the first examinations were
      offered in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. This article provides information on
      those who have been certified since 1959 and also the requirements for this
      certification by the American Board of Pathology.

PMID- 3354534
TI  - Earlobe creases and coronary atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3354535
TI  - Sudden death and exercise.

PMID- 3354536
TI  - Accidental sexual strangulation (author's reply)

PMID- 3354537
TI  - Self-reports of mole counts and cutaneous malignant melanoma in women:
      methodological issues and risk of disease.
AB  - The relation of the presence of moles (nevi) on all four limbs to risk of
      cutaneous malignant melanoma was explored among 98 incident cases aged 32-59
      years at diagnosis and 190 age-matched controls drawn from the Nurses' Health
      Study, a prospective cohort of female nurses in the United States. Cases
      diagnosed during follow-up from 1976 to 1982 were included in this study.
      Participants reported counts of all moles and raised moles alone on postal
      questionnaires. Distributions of moles were similar for right and left sides on
      upper and lower limbs for cases and controls. Counts declined with increasing age
      for all women, from a median of 15 for the youngest tertile of controls (aged 36
      46 years) to three for the oldest (aged 54-62 years). Cases had more moles than
      did controls (medians of 23 and 9, respectively, for total moles on all four
      limbs): The presence of any mole on a limb gave relative risks for melanoma
      ranging from 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-4.0) for one or more moles
      on an arm to 2.9 (95% CI = 1.6-5.3) for one or more moles on the lower limb. For
      raised moles, relative risks were 1.7 (95% CI = 1.0-2.7) for arm, 2.1 (95% CI =
      1.3-3.5) for lower limb, and 3.5 (95% CI = 2.0-6.3) for leg (below knee). The
      highest site-specific risk (i.e., for any moles on the same limb as the melanoma
      vs. no moles on that limb) was for moles on the lower limb (relative risk = 5.0
      (95% CI = 1.8-13.5)). There were positive and significant trends in overall and
      site-specific risk with increasing numbers of moles on all limbs when absolute
      mole counts were considered, e.g., for total moles on all four limbs combined,
      chi for trend = 4.0, one-sided p less than 0.001, with relative risk for more
      than 100 moles versus none of 6.0. Inclusion of sun exposure and other
      constitutional factors in logistic regression analyses did not alter these
      observed relations between the presence of moles and risk of melanoma.

PMID- 3354538
TI  - Mortality after radiotherapy for ringworm of the scalp.
AB  - The mortality experience of 10,834 children treated with x-rays for ringworm of
      the scalp between 1948 and 1960, 10,834 matched comparison subjects, and 5,392
      siblings was evaluated over an average follow-up period of 26 years. Mortality
      was ascertained by linking unique personal identification numbers of study
      subjects with the national death registry. Radiotherapy in childhood was
      associated with an increased risk of death due to tumors of the head and neck
      (relative risk (RR) = 3) and leukemia (RR = 2.3). No other causes of death were
      significantly elevated after irradiation. The excess of brain tumors (average
      intracranial dose = 150 rads) confirms that the central nervous system of the
      child is sensitive to the induction of cancers by radiation. The bone marrow dose
      averaged over the entire body was approximately 30 rad, and the estimated risk
      coefficient of 0.9 excess leukemias per million per year per rad is consistent
      with other studies of whole-body exposure. A significant excess of bone and soft
      tissue sarcomas (RR = 9) was also observed. The pattern of cancer risk over time
      was bimodal; an early peak due to excess leukemias occurred within a few years of
      exposure, whereas excesses of solid tumors were most apparent after about 15
      years. Despite the excess of cancers among exposed persons, over 50% of the
      deaths in the entire study population were from external events, mainly accidents
      or events related to military service. An estimate of the total impact of
      radiogenic cancer after childhood irradiation will require additional years of
      observation since the population irradiated is just now entering the age ranges
      normally associated with high cancer risk.

PMID- 3354539
TI  - Leisure time physical activity and blood pressure in schoolchildren.
AB  - The relation between blood pressure and habitual physical activity during leisure
      time was investigated in a random sample of 272 sixth grade schoolchildren (mean
      age, 11.3 years) who entered secondary school in 1983 in Marano di Napoli, a
      suburb of Naples, Italy. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometry were
      measured with standardized techniques. Physical activity was evaluated by a
      questionnaire outlining four levels of physical activity during leisure time. The
      study provided evidence that a low level of physical activity during leisure time
      in 11-year-old children is associated with higher systolic blood pressure
      independent of sex, age, and adiposity. These findings may be relevant to
      programs of primary prevention of arterial hypertension in early life.

PMID- 3354540
TI  - Forced vital capacity and the risk of hypertension. The Normative Aging Study.
AB  - This report describes the development of hypertension among 1,270 males (aged 23
      80 years at the time of entry into the study) observed prospectively for 10 years
      who had a baseline blood pressure of less than 140/90 mmHg and who underwent
      baseline spirometry. Subjects were participants in the Normative Aging Study, a
      longitudinal study on aging initiated in 1961 at the Veterans Administration
      Outpatient Clinic in Boston, Massachusetts. Blood pressures were taken at five-
      and 10-year follow-up examinations. The age-adjusted incidence of hypertension
      during the follow-up period was found to be inversely related to forced vital
      capacity. Multiple logistic regression was employed to assess the relation of
      forced vital capacity to the subsequent development of hypertension after
      controlling for baseline levels of age, weight, cigarettes smoked per day, and
      systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Forced vital capacity was a statistically
      significant and negative predictor, indicating that lower values of forced vital
      capacity were associated with the subsequent development of hypertension. This
      was consistently found in several logistic regression analyses with a
      standardized odds ratio associated with forced vital capacity of approximately
      0.7. Although the physiologic mechanism for this association is unknown, these
      findings may have importance in identifying subjects at risk and may also provide
      insight into disease pathogenesis.

PMID- 3354541
TI  - Correlates of blood pressure change in middle-aged male mild hypertensives:
      results from the untreated control group in the Oslo hypertension trial. The Oslo
      Study.
AB  - The never-treated control group in the Oslo Study hypertension trial of middle
      aged men 40-49 years old at entry (n = 379) was studied with respect to five-year
      change in blood pressure and its correlates. The study began in 1972 and ended in
      1979, and each patient was followed for five years. Both baseline and rate of
      change of correlates were analyzed as independent variables versus rate of change
      in blood pressure as the dependent variable. Rate of change in serum
      triglycerides were found to be the strongest correlate of rate of change in blood
      pressure in this population of healthy mild hypertensives. In addition, rate of
      change in serum cholesterol and body weight made significant contributions in
      some analyses, but to a lower degree than did rate of change in triglycerides.
      The model predicts a substantial decrease in blood pressure if lipids and body
      weight are reduced. Rate of change in sodium, uric acid, and chloride
      concentrations were also associated with blood pressure change, but total degree
      of explanation of all explaining variables only accounted for 11-15% of total
      variation in annual blood pressure change.

PMID- 3354542
TI  - Sex differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol in urban blacks.
AB  - Descriptive data on high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the black urban
      population of the United States are limited. We examined 119 men and 130 women
      aged 21-70 years who were attending a screening clinic at Cook County Hospital in
      Chicago, Illinois, in 1985-1986 for minor complaints; all participants were
      black. For men, lipid values were: total cholesterol, 209.5 +/- 50.6, HDL
      cholesterol, 55.2 +/- 16.5; for women, values were: total cholesterol, 215.6 +/-
      47.4, HDL cholesterol, 59.2 +/- 17.2. Correlates of HDL cholesterol were
      different in men and women. Alcohol consumption and body mass index were
      significantly related to HDL cholesterol in men; however, education was the only
      significant factor among women. It was anticipated that the increased obesity
      among the women in this sample (mean body mass index, 31 kg/m2; range, 18.4-50.0
      kg/m2) compared with men (mean body mass index, 27 kg/m2; range, 19.4-45.0 kg/m2)
      would explain part of the narrowing of the gap between the sexes in HDL
      cholesterol values. The association between HDL cholesterol and body mass index
      among women, however, was weak and nonsignificant. The increased susceptibility
      of black women to coronary artery disease has not been adequately explained and
      undoubtedly reflects a complicated interaction of epidemiologic factors.

PMID- 3354543
TI  - Changing pattern of intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis B virus in Okinawa,
      Japan.
AB  - To investigate the pattern of intrafamilial spread of hepatitis B virus, the
      authors conducted a seroepidemiologic survey of nursery school children aged 1-5
      years as well as family studies of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      positive children found in the survey in 1980 and 1985 in the Yaeyama district of
      Okinawa, Japan. The data from these family studies were compared with data from
      the studies conducted in 1968-1980 in the same area. Although the prevalence of
      HBsAg was not different for 1980 (eight of 847 children, 0.9%) and 1985 (13 of
      1,355 children, 1.0%), prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen was
      significantly higher in 1980 (3.3%) than in 1985 (1.7%). Families were divided
      into four groups by the HBsAg status of the parents. In 1968-1980, families in
      which both parents were HBsAg-negative were most prevalent (64 of 107 families,
      59.8%), followed by families in which only the mother was HBsAg-positive (17 of
      107 families, 15.9%). In 1980, families in which only the mother was HBsAg
      positive were most prevalent (11 of 25 families, 44.0%) and became more prevalent
      in 1985 (nine of 12 families, 75%). These data suggest that in the area studied,
      hepatitis B virus infections among children have declined over a five-year period
      and that mother-to-child transmission may be a main route of intrafamilial
      transmission in recent years.

PMID- 3354544
TI  - Measles control efforts in urban Africa complicated by high incidence of measles
      in the first year of life.
AB  - A measles vaccination coverage of between 50 and 60% has been achieved in
      Kinshasa, Zaire, from 1980-1985. During that interval, the annual number of
      measles cases and the incidence rate of measles reported by a surveillance system
      remained similar, and measles epidemics occurred in alternating years. The
      estimated number of measles cases in Kinshasa is 87,600 per year. Of reported
      measles cases, 27% occurred in children under nine months of age, younger than
      the recommended age at vaccination. Two results expected in a partially
      vaccinated population, a reduction in measles incidence greater than the level of
      vaccination coverage and a shift in the age distribution of measles to older
      children, have not been observed. Measles control in Kinshasa will require a
      vaccination coverage of higher than 60%. In addition, given the age-specific risk
      of measles infection here, a measles vaccine that would be effective when given
      before nine months of age would be an important element in controlling measles
      transmission. Because the epidemiology of measles in Kinshasa is a likely
      consequence of its urban environment, such a vaccine would represent a
      significant advance toward the control of measles in urban Africa.

PMID- 3354545
TI  - Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers: effects of
      active surveillance and staff training without subsequent monitoring.
AB  - From October 1981 to September 1984, the authors conducted a three-year
      longitudinal study of diarrhea among infants and toddlers attending day care
      centers in Maricopa County, Arizona. In the third year of study, they evaluated
      the effects on diarrhea rates of staff training without external monitoring and
      of active surveillance conducted throughout the study. From 21 study day care
      centers, they randomly selected 10 ("intervention day care centers") to receive
      staff training in procedures to reduce transmission of infectious diarrhea.
      Continuing active surveillance in the 10 intervention and 11 control day care
      centers found no difference between diarrhea rates in intervention day care
      centers in the pre- and posttraining years and no difference between diarrhea
      rates in the two groups of centers either before or after the training
      intervention. Biweekly family-based surveys during the two months after training
      also demonstrated no difference between infant-toddler diarrhea rates in
      intervention and control day care centers. These surveys found the 21 study day
      care centers to have significantly higher diarrhea rates than did day care homes
      or households not using day care, but significantly lower rates than day care
      centers not included in the active surveillance. Continuous surveillance without
      training was associated with a significant decrease in diarrheal illness during
      the course of longitudinal study. One-time staff training without subsequent
      monitoring did not result in additional decreases and did not lower day care
      center diarrhea rates to the levels observed in day care homes and households not
      using day care.

PMID- 3354546
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of class-specific
      immunoglobulins to Borrelia burgdorferi.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed to detect immunoglobulin M
      (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the
      etiologic agent of Lyme disease. Of the 135 blood samples obtained during 1985
      1986 from persons in Connecticut with erythema migrans or other clinical
      manifestations of this spirochetosis, 106 (79%) contained IgM antibody. In
      separate tests for IgG antibody, 106 (83%) of 128 specimens were considered
      positive. To assess the specificity of these assays, the authors analyzed sera
      from patients with other spirochetal infections or nonrelated diseases.
      Heterologous IgM antibody was detected in 32 (42%) of 77 samples, while cross
      reactivity occurred in 17 (25%) of 69 sera screened for IgG antibody. Geometric
      mean titers for homologous reactions were usually twofold or more higher than
      those of heterologous reactions. Information on IgG antibody is particularly
      useful for serodiagnosis, but because of the cross-reactivity among Borrelia and
      Treponema, clinical data and the use of other serologic tests may be needed to
      separate Lyme disease from other spirochetal infections.

PMID- 3354547
TI  - Prevalence of Ixodes dammini near the homes of Lyme disease patients in
      Westchester County, New York.
AB  - Cases of Lyme disease that occurred in Westchester County, an affluent suburb
      north of New York City, in 1983 were investigated in 1983 and 1984 to determine
      the presence of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) in the vicinity of the patients'
      homes. Small mammal trapping, drag cloth, and carbon dioxide-baited tick traps
      were used to sample ticks. In all but one of 11 cases investigated, I. dammini
      was found on or near well-maintained lawns in the immediate vicinity of the
      residences. A mark-release-recapture experiment to determine tick abundance in
      one 700 m2 lawn resulted in an estimate of 6800 adult ticks (approximately 1 per
      m2). Dark-field microscopic examination of tick midgut tissues revealed that 33%
      of nymphs and 55% of adult ticks from this lawn contained spirochetes. These data
      suggest that many cases of Lyme disease in Westchester County, New York, may be
      acquired at home as a result of activities on the lawn.

PMID- 3354548
TI  - Evaluating obstetric risk scores by receiver operating characteristic curves.
AB  - The purpose of obstetric risk scoring systems is to identify pregnancies that
      will end in poor perinatal outcomes such as perinatal death. The proportion of
      such pregnancies identified by a risk scoring system can be increased by choosing
      a more lenient threshold criterion for the score beyond which the pregnancy is
      regarded as being at risk. This increase in sensitivity is gained at the expense
      of a decrease in specificity. Thresholds differ between published risk scoring
      systems, making it difficult to assess their relative merits using the measures
      of sensitivity and specificity. However, risk scores can be compared by
      constructing receiver operating characteristic curves, i.e., plotting the true
      positive rate against the false positive rate for multiple thresholds and
      calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (theta).
      In published systems used in this paper, values of theta, used to rank published
      obstetric risk scoring systems, ranged from 0.49-0.95. All scores used
      prepregnancy and early antenatal information. The risk scores with the highest
      predictive accuracy tended to include factors representing past reproductive
      experience and those from the late antenatal and intrapartum periods. Studies
      with statistical weighting of risk factors tended to use fewer late prenatal and
      intrapartum risk factors.

PMID- 3354550
TI  - Two one-step methods for household screening and interviewing using random digit
      dialing.
AB  - Random digit dialing is commonly used to select controls for epidemiologic
      studies. The traditional method of random digit dialing entails screening
      households to obtain a pool of eligible subjects and then selecting a random
      sample to serve as controls. Two random digit dialing methods are described in
      which household screening and interviewing are combined into one step. The
      advantages and limitations associated with both of the one-step methods and the
      traditional two-step approach are discussed.

PMID- 3354549
TI  - Evaluation of methods for the prospective identification of early fetal losses in
      environmental epidemiology studies.
AB  - A major problem in the epidemiologic investigation of early fetal losses has been
      incomplete or biased ascertainment. In order to assess early fetal losses more
      accurately, one must first develop a simple method to identify early pregnancy.
      This study, conducted at the University of Pittsburgh from October 1985 through
      October 1986, has developed such a method through the use of monoclonal antibody
      urine pregnancy testing kits. A total of 88 volunteers collected urine samples
      beginning on the seventh postovulatory day and continued until either menses
      occurred or a serum radioimmunoassay pregnancy test was performed on day 16. If
      pregnancy was diagnosed, all of the participants' urine specimens from that
      menstrual cycle were analyzed by five monoclonal antibody tests. A total of 34
      pregnancies were diagnosed, six (18%) of which resulted in early fetal losses.
      Pregnancy was first detectable between eight and 18 days postovulation. The mean
      time to the first positive test was 14 days for all five kits. The results
      indicate that it is possible to diagnose early pregnancy with urine testing and
      that this method is likely to prove acceptable for use in large-scale prospective
      studies.

PMID- 3354551
TI  - Measurement error and its impact on partial correlation and multiple linear
      regression analyses.
AB  - In studies examining associations between dietary factors and biomedical risk
      factors, the relations, if they exist, are frequently attenuated by measurement
      error. Measurement error may be due to a large intraindividual variation and an
      inadequate number of measurements or to an inaccurate measuring instrument. This
      paper evaluates the impact of measurement error on partial correlation and
      multiple linear regression analyses. Quantitative methods are derived to estimate
      the potential attenuation of associations. The results indicate that when the
      controlled variables do not have measurement error, but the correlated variables
      do, the attenuation of the partial correlation coefficient (or multiple
      regression coefficient) is greater than that of the simple correlation (or
      regression) coefficient. When both the correlated variables and the controlled
      variables have measurement error, the partial correlation (or the regression)
      coefficients can be either increased or decreased.

PMID- 3354552
TI  - Re: "Delayed childbearing: no evidence for increased risk of low birth weight and
      preterm delivery".

PMID- 3354553
TI  - Re: "A prospective cohort study of postmenopausal hormone use and risk of breast
      cancer in US women".

PMID- 3354554
TI  - Heme metabolism and in vitro erythropoiesis in anemia associated with hypochromic
      microcytosis.
AB  - Heme metabolism and in vitro erythropoietic growth (CFU-E, BFU-E) were examined
      in bone marrow cells taken from two siblings with apparent familial hypochromic
      microcytic anemia. Bone marrow cells from both patients grew adequate numbers of
      CFU-E and BFU-E colonies in culture in the presence of erythropoietin. In
      addition, small numbers of endogenous CFU-E were seen in 7-day cultures. Assays
      on bone marrow cells taken from both patients revealed that baseline delta
      aminolevulinic synthase activity was considerably reduced, but increased six to
      seven fold (to normal levels) when patients' cells were exposed to pyridoxal
      phosphate (PLP). In both cases, ferrochelatase and delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydratase activities were normal. Bone marrow heme oxygenase showed no
      significant differences in activities between normals and patients values in the
      absence or presence of PLP. In contrast, heme synthesis by patients' bone marrow
      was less than that of normals. This study demonstrates that bone marrow cells
      from patients with this rare disorder have some disturbances in heme metabolism,
      whereas erythropoiesis appeared to be normal when cultured with adequate
      nutrients in vitro.

PMID- 3354555
TI  - Intraarticular methylprednisolone therapy in hemophilic arthropathy.
AB  - This small pilot study examined the use of intraarticular methylprednisolone in
      hemophilic synovitis. Nineteen joints in ten adult hemophiliacs were studied.
      There was subjective improvement at 24 hr following injection in 79% of joints
      injected, and the improvement persisted up to 8 wk in 58%. The number of
      hemarthroses decreased following intraarticular steroids (mean of 7.7 bleeds in
      the 8 wk prior to injection versus a mean of 1.9 bleeds in the 8 wk following
      injection). Similarly the amount of clotting factor used for the injected target
      joint decreased from a mean of 7,616 units to 2,315 units postinjection (p less
      than .001). Improvement correlated with presence of synovitis but not with
      radiologic stage of the joint. Aspirated synovial fluids were analyzed and showed
      characteristics consistent with low-grade inflammation. These preliminary
      observations suggest that intraarticular corticosteroid injection may be a useful
      therapeutic tool in the medical management of hemophilic arthropathy.

PMID- 3354556
TI  - Sickle cell trait in a white Jewish family presenting as splenic infarction at
      high altitude.
AB  - We report the presence of sickle cell trait in several members of a white Jewish
      family. The trait was discovered when the propositus developed massive splenic
      infarction at high altitude. No erythrocyte markers characteristic of African
      ancestry were detected in any of the family members. This is the first bona fide
      documentation of sickle trait among white Jews.

PMID- 3354557
TI  - Durable response to etoposide-loaded platelets in refractory immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report.
AB  - A 23-year-old female presented with widespread purpura and ecchymoses as a result
      of immune thrombocytopenia which was refractory to corticosteroids, splenectomy,
      and immunosuppressive agents. In view of the extent and serious nature of her
      bleeding, salvage therapy with etoposide-loaded platelets was undertaken, which
      was associated with a lasting complete remission.

PMID- 3354558
TI  - Cancer in thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies.

PMID- 3354559
TI  - Altered platelet deformability in patients with type IIa and type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Platelets from subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) differ from normal
      platelets in lipid composition and function depending upon the phenotypic
      classification of the HLP. The present study has evaluated the deformability of
      platelets from human subjects with type IIa and type IV HLP. Platelets suspended
      in autologous plasma diluted 30-fold with buffer were aspirated into
      micropipettes 0.7-0.8 microns in diameter by step-wise increment in tension, and
      the resulting extension lengths were recorded. Platelets from type IIa subjects
      could not be aspirated as far into the micropipettes as normal platelets.
      However, less tension was required to reach maximum cell extension than with
      normal platelets, and the initial extension lengths and slopes of the stress
      responses were the same as the control. In contrast, platelets from subjects with
      type IV HLP showed a generalized increase in deformability. The initial cell
      extensions aspirated from type IV platelets were longer than normal, and larger
      maximum cell extensions were achieved at lower tensions than control platelets.
      The type IV platelets were also mechanically fragile and fragmented at lower
      tensions than control or type IIa platelets. The variance in platelet
      deformability between subjects of the same phenotype was not directly correlated
      to plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. This study confirms alterations in
      the structural organization of platelets from subjects with type IIa and type IV
      HLP.

PMID- 3354560
TI  - Asymptomatic association of hemoglobin Dunn (alpha 6[A4]Asp----Asn) and
      hemoglobin O-Arab (beta 121[GH4]Glu----Lys) in a Moroccan man.
AB  - We report on the association of Hb Dunn (alpha 6[A4]Asp----Asn) and Hb O-Arab
      (beta 121 [GH4]Glu----Lys) in a healthy Moroccan man. Hb Dunn had the same
      electrophoretic properties as Hb G-Philadelphia, but its percentage was lower.
      Its identification was based on sequence determination of the alpha T1 peptide.
      Bgl II and Eco RI mapping showed the presence of four alpha-genes. Hb O-Arab was
      easily recognized through its electrophoretic properties and was confirmed by the
      suppression of the Eco RI site located in exon 3 of the beta-gene. The
      percentages of the various hemoglobins showed that the doubly mutated hemoglobin
      Dunn/O-Arab has a normal stability and suggested that the Dunn mutation is
      carried by the alpha 1-gene. In cord blood [propositus's son], the output of the
      alpha Dunn gene was found equivalent to that existing in the adult.

PMID- 3354561
TI  - Red cell vacuoles: their size and distribution under normal conditions and after
      splenectomy.
AB  - The frequency of occurrence of vacuoles in red blood cells was studied by
      transmission electron microscopy. Small vacuoles were found in about 13% of the
      cell sections, and they had a mean diameter of 130 +/- 72 nm (mean +/- SD). It
      can be estimated that there were about 20 small vacuoles per erythrocyte. The
      frequency of vacuoles was similar in density-separated cell fractions. In
      splenectomized patients, the small vacuoles were 4 times more frequent; there was
      again no difference in vacuole density between top and bottom fractions of
      density-separated red blood cells. The bottom fraction of red blood cells from
      splenectomized patients, however, had a high incidence of large vacuoles (greater
      than 300 nm in diameter) and clustering of small vacuoles. These large vacuoles
      were probably the result of aggregation and fusion of small vacuoles, and their
      size allowed detection by light microscopy. Hence, the well-known "pocked" or
      "pitted" red blood cells of splenectomized individuals were more frequent in the
      bottom fraction. We conclude that small vacuoles occur normally in erythrocytes,
      that they tend to cluster and fuse during cell aging, and that the spleen is
      capable of removing these structures when they reach a certain size.

PMID- 3354562
TI  - Platelet-derived growth factor is decreased in patients with myeloproliferative
      disorders.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been suggested to play some role in the
      pathogenesis of myelofibrosis frequently encountered in patients with
      myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). In this study we measured PDGF activity and
      PF4 content in circulating platelets of patients with MPD. Both factors were
      lower than those of normal controls. PDGF activity in patients with myelofibrosis
      was slightly lower than in those without fibrosis. However, when adjusted to
      whole blood volume, there was a positive correlation between platelet count and
      PDGF activity per ml whole blood. Nevertheless, no correlation was found between
      activity and grade of bone marrow fibrosis. These results may support the idea
      that an abnormal release of PDGF occurs from platelets or megakaryocytes in the
      bone marrow environment, resulting in the stimulation of fibroblast
      proliferation, and hence, the occurrence of myelofibrosis in patients with MPD.

PMID- 3354563
TI  - Procainamide-associated pancytopenia.
AB  - A 42-year-old male developed thrombocytopenia and anemia along with
      agranulocytosis during treatment with procainamide. Bone marrow hypoplasia was
      evident on biopsy, and the patient was without evidence of systemic lupus
      erythematosis. He had prompt marrow recovery on drug withdrawal. While
      procainamide-induced agranulocytosis has been reported on a number of occasions,
      this is only the second case of pancytopenia.

PMID- 3354564
TI  - Severe delayed neurotoxicity after accidental high-dose nitrogen mustard.

PMID- 3354565
TI  - Detection of the carrier state in congenital "true" prothrombin deficiency.

PMID- 3354566
TI  - Glomerular nephropathy associated with chronic Q fever.
AB  - Of three patients with Coxiella burnetii endocarditis, two developed focal
      segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), and the third developed diffuse
      intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. In one case, a good therapeutic
      response was followed by partial remission of the renal alterations, but 10
      months later there were clinical and histological signs of active glomerular
      nephropathy, suggesting that the antigenic stimulus persisted. In another case,
      poor evolution of the infection was accompanied by clinically and histologically
      aggressive glomerular nephropathy, and advanced renal failure. The third patient,
      who had diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, underwent renal biopsy earlier
      than the other two cases, and the behavior of the nephropathy has not been
      aggressive to date. Immunohistopathologic study revealed a diffuse granular
      deposit of IgM and C3 in all three cases; the first two also presented a discrete
      linear IgG deposit in the capillary loops. Attempts to identify C burnetii
      antigen at the glomerular level by immunohistologic techniques failed in two
      patients. The literature on the association of chronic Q fever with
      glomerulonephritis is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3354567
TI  - Chronic amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in the rat, protective effect of
      prophylactic salt loading.
AB  - Amphotericin B (AMPHO) is the most effective and widely used antifungal agent for
      the treatment of systemic fungal disease in man. Its use is frequently limited by
      the development of nephrotoxicity, including renal vasoconstriction with
      depressed glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), inability
      to concentrate the urine, and renal potassium wasting. We investigated the
      effects of oral NaCl loading during chronic administration of AMPHO, on renal
      function in the rat. Rats were provided 150 mmol/L NaCl (AMPHO plus NaCl) or tap
      water (AMPHO plus H2O) as drinking water, 3 days prior to, and during chronic
      AMPHO (5 mg/kg/d intraperitoneal [IP] for 21 days). At the end of the
      experimental period, renal functional parameters were determined, including serum
      creatinine, urinary volume and electrolyte excretion rates, ability to maximally
      concentrate the urine after water deprivation, and renal hemodynamics. NaCl
      supplementation prevented the rise in serum creatinine (AMPHO plus NaCl, initial
      v final, 0.39 +/- 0.03 v 0.40 +/- 0.03 mg/dL [34.6 +/- 2.7 v 35.4 +/- 2.7
      mumol/L], P = NS) seen in AMPHO plus H2O (0.34 +/- 0.01 v 0.51 +/- 0.04 mg/dL
      [30.0 +/- 0.9 v 45.2 +/- 3.5 mumol/L], P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354568
TI  - The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
      disease.
AB  - Despite the frequency and morbidity of nephrolithiasis in autosomal dominant
      polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), this association has not been subject to a
      detailed study. One hundred fifty-one of 751 ADPKD patients seen at the Mayo
      Clinic between 1976 and 1986 had nephrolithiasis. Seventy-four had passed calculi
      or had stones surgically removed. Stone analysis was available in 30 patients:
      uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and struvite were present in
      56.6%, 46.6%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Calculi were observed in 71 of 79
      patients with excretory urograms available for review. Faintly opaque and bull's
      eye stones, probably containing uric acid, were present in 12.7% and 14.1% of
      these patients, respectively. Precaliceal tubular ectasia was observed in 15.5%.
      Ninety-seven patients had preserved renal function (serum creatinine less than
      1.5 mg/dL) at the initial evaluation. Six were excluded because they had other
      known causes of stone disease. The most common metabolic abnormality in the
      remaining 91 patients was hypocitric aciduria (ten of 15 patients with
      measurements). The urine pH in the first voided morning specimens (5.66 +/- 0.05)
      was significantly lower than that of an unselected control population (5.92 +/-
      0.03, P less than 0.001). Hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, and hypercalciuria were
      observed in six of 32 (18.8%), six of 31 (19.4%), and three of 39 (9.7%) patients
      with preserved renal function. The composition of the stones, the frequency of
      hypocitric aciduria, and the low urine pH (possibly related to the defect in
      excretion of ammonia described in ADPKD), suggest that metabolic, along with
      mechanical, factors are responsible for the frequent occurrence of
      nephrolithiasis in this disease.

PMID- 3354569
TI  - Urinary doubly refractile lipid bodies in nonglomerular renal diseases.
AB  - Urinary doubly refractile lipid bodies (DRLB) are a characteristic finding in
      patients with glomerular renal diseases causing heavy proteinuria. DRLB are felt
      to be an uncommon finding in glomerular diseases without heavy proteinuria, and a
      rare finding in nonglomerular renal diseases. In order to determine whether DRLB
      are found in nonglomerular renal diseases, we reviewed the medical records of all
      patients who had urinalyses performed in our laboratory from February 1975 to
      June 1983. Three hundred sixty one patients demonstrated less than or equal to +2
      proteinuria, and at least two DRLB. Of these, 290 were identified as having a
      single renal diagnosis. One hundred forty eight patients (51%) had a variety of
      acute and chronic glomerular diseases, and 125 patients (43.2%) had nonglomerular
      renal diseases, including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), prerenal azotemia,
      chronic interstitial nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, acute interstitial
      nephritis, renal neoplasia, and acute myeloma kidney. Ten patients had transient
      proteinuria associated with acute illness, and seven patients had no renal
      disease at all. Only two patients with nonglomerular renal disease had more than
      five DRLB per 20 high power microscopic fields. The frequency of DRLB in patients
      with nonglomerular renal diseases was: chronic interstitial nephritis, 26%;
      polycystic kidney disease, 38%; prerenal azotemia, 20%; ATN, 15%; and acute
      interstitial nephritis, 33%. These data suggest that at lower levels of
      proteinuria, DRLB are found frequently in nonglomerular renal diseases, and that
      DRLB do not differentiate glomerular from nonglomerular renal diseases unless
      more than five DRLB are found on urinary sediment examination.

PMID- 3354570
TI  - Influence of antacid administrations on aspirin absorption in patients with
      chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - In order to investigate the possible interaction between oral aspirin and
      antacids in uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis, we administered to 5 uremic
      patients: (1) aspirin alone; (2) aluminum-magnesium hydroxide with aspirin; (3)
      aluminum-magnesium hydroxide followed (two hours) by aspirin; (4) calcium
      carbonate simultaneously with aspirin; and (5) calcium carbonate followed (two
      hours) by aspirin. In all the occasions, aspirin was given two hours after a
      standard lunch. Both antacid preparations induced comparable changes in aspirin
      mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax), if given simultaneously with aspirin,
      whereas no difference was found in other pharmacokinetic parameters. When
      antacids were followed (two hours) by aspirin, both Cmax and time of maximum
      concentration (Tmax) were significantly altered in respect to the value with
      aspirin alone. No changes in the time course of post aspirin serum thromboxane B2
      were detected when aspirin and antacids were administered simultaneously, but the
      inhibition of serum thromboxane B2 was delayed when antacids were followed (two
      hours) by aspirin. These results indicate that the administration of antacids to
      uremic patients interferes with absorption of oral aspirin. This interference can
      be minimized if aspirin and antacids are given simultaneously.

PMID- 3354571
TI  - Bilateral hemorrhagic parapelvic pseudocysts.
AB  - The development of bilateral parapelvic hemorrhagic pseudocysts with abdominal
      pain, systemic symptoms of malaise and fever, elevation of erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate and serum alkaline phosphatase, and decreased renal function
      is described in a patient taking anticoagulants. The symptoms and signs resolved
      with the resolution of the hemorrhagic pseudocysts. The bilaterality and
      selective localization of these hemorrhages suggest the existence of a specific
      pathogenesis. The advent of new imaging techniques in the last decade allows for
      a diagnosis and a better understanding of the pathologic processes that affect
      the renal sinus.

PMID- 3354572
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome associated with Kimura's disease.
AB  - Kimura's disease consists of lesions that appear as single or multiple red-brown
      papules or as subcutaneous nodules with a predilection for the head and neck
      region. Although it principally affects the skin and soft tissues, there is a
      high prevalence of associated renal disease. We report a case of nephrotic
      syndrome associated with Kimura's disease. Our patient is distinctive in that his
      disease first manifested while residing in the Western hemisphere; the renal
      disease was characterized as mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with
      renal impairment, and his nephrotic syndrome remitted with standard doses of
      prednisone.

PMID- 3354573
TI  - Drug hypersensitivity causing granulomatous interstitial nephritis.
AB  - In association with treatment for pharyngitis, a 47-year-old white man developed
      a systemic illness with fever, myalgia, episcleritis, hemoptysis, pleurisy,
      eosinophilia, and renal impairment. Renal biopsy revealed granulomatous
      interstitial nephritis, which resolved due to no specific treatment other than
      withdrawing all medication. Both the severe systemic manifestations and
      spontaneous recovery are unusual in association with drug-induced granulomatous
      nephritis. The drugs that may have caused the reaction included dihydrocodeine,
      phenylpropanolamine, erythromycin, and amoxycillin. Although the latter three
      drugs have been previously implicated in the development of interstitial
      nephritis, there have been no previous reports of granulomatous interstitial
      nephritis with any of these drugs.

PMID- 3354574
TI  - Microcytic anemia in dialysis patients.

PMID- 3354575
TI  - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) in urine as biological index of
      exposure.
AB  - Fifteen human volunteers were exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl
      chloroform) vapor at 72-495 mg/m3 for a period of 2 to 4 hours at rest (ten
      cases) and during light physical exercise (five cases). Subsequently 60 workers
      occupationally exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane in a refrigerator manufacturing
      plant were studied (median value: 178 mg/m3; geometrical standard deviation: 2.19
      mg/m3). As expected, the relative uptake (R) of 1,1,1-trichloroethane decreased
      in the course of exposure at rest (R = 0.44 after 20 minutes of exposure; R =
      0.26 after 240 minutes of exposure). Both in the experimentally exposed subjects
      and in the occupationally exposed workers, the urinary concentration of 1,1,1
      trichloroethane showed a linear relationship to the corresponding environmental
      time-weighted average concentration. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.95
      in occupationally exposed subjects and more than 0.90 in experimentally exposed
      groups. A linear equation also existed between urinary concentration and amount
      of 1,1,1-trichloroethane absorbed (r = 0.88). The findings indicate that the
      urinary concentration of 1,1,1-trichloroethane can be used as an appropriate
      biological exposure indicator. In occupationally exposed subjects performing
      moderate work, the urinary 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration corresponding to
      the time-weighted average of the threshold limit value was found to be 860
      micrograms/L and its 95% lower confidence limit (biological threshold) 805
      micrograms/L.

PMID- 3354576
TI  - Summary of "Proposed national strategies for the prevention of leading work
      related diseases and injuries, Part 1".
AB  - Strategies for the prevention of leading occupational health problems have been
      proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
      NIOSH prepared these strategies following publication in 1983 of its suggested
      list of ten leading work-related diseases and injuries. At a national symposium
      in 1985, occupational health experts from academia, organized labor, management,
      professional associations, and voluntary organizations conducted an in-depth
      evaluation of the prevention strategies for the first five conditions on the
      list: occupational lung diseases, musculoskeletal injuries, occupational cancers,
      severe occupational traumatic injuries, and occupational cardiovascular diseases.
      The strategies were then revised to incorporate improvements suggested at the
      symposium and were published in booklet form. A summary of the revised strategies
      is provided.

PMID- 3354577
TI  - Determinants of pattern of breathing during respirator use.
AB  - The relationship between the pattern of breathing in response to respirator-type
      loads and an individual's psychophysiologic sensitivity to loads (load scaling
      sensitivity, LSS) was investigated in the study of 11 normal volunteers. LSS was
      measured by having the subjects numerically rate a series of resistors; Steven's
      Psychophysical Law was used to evaluate sensitivity as the slope relating log
      (sensation) to log (stimulus). Peak pressure and actual added resistance were the
      stimuli. Inspiratory time, peak pressure, duty cycle, and tidal volume were
      inversely related to independently measured LSS during exercise and with a
      respiratory-type dead space and inspiratory resistance load. Because the need for
      changes in respiratory timing is a major adaptation in respirator use, it
      suggests that workers who are very sensitive to loads may have limited ability to
      adapt to respirator use.

PMID- 3354578
TI  - An update of respiratory cancer and occupational exposure to arsenicals.
AB  - Mortality was updated through 1982 for 611 arsenic-exposed employees originally
      studied through 1973. In the earlier report, total mortality was observed to have
      been below the comparable U.S. population; however, mortality was significantly
      elevated for respiratory cancer. The focus of the update was on respiratory
      cancer and of special interest was whether the risk of respiratory cancer
      remained in excess for individuals alive as of the end of the last study. In the
      update, 9 additional respiratory cancers were observed subsequent to 1973, the
      end of the follow-up in the original study, versus 7.8 expected. The risk ratio
      for the time-interval 1974-1982 (standardized mortality ratio SMR = 116) was
      diminished compared to that reported in the original study (SMR = 330). When the
      entire study period was analyzed, the risk of respiratory cancer did not appear
      to decline with interval since exposure cessation. Analyses by duration of
      arsenic exposure and interval since first exposure did not reveal any obvious
      dose-response relationships.

PMID- 3354579
TI  - Effects of informing workers of their health risks from exposure to toxic
      materials.
AB  - This study compared the mental health, attitudes, and smoking behaviors of 133
      workers who had been informed of health risks from exposure to toxic materials on
      the job with 137 workers who worked in similar conditions but who had not been
      told that their health was at risk because of exposure to toxic materials. The
      informed workers reported more health problems than controls, but there were no
      significant differences between the informed and uninformed groups in mental
      health, attitudes toward health hazards in or outside of the workplace, or in
      smoking rates. Ninety percent of all respondents felt that exposed workers
      definitely should be told of their health risks. These findings indicate little
      psychological risk from informing workers about their risks because of exposure
      to toxic substances and a strong desire on the part of workers to be informed.

PMID- 3354580
TI  - Use of hospital discharge data in the surveillance of occupational disease.
AB  - Computerized hospital discharge diagnoses are useful for occupational disease
      surveillance. One thousand one hundred twenty-six individuals with asbestosis and
      268 individuals with silicosis were identified in New Jersey for the four-year
      period 1979-1982. Computer-generated maps help to dramatize the localization of
      these conditions to certain geographic areas. The attributes and limitations of
      using hospital discharge diagnoses for occupational disease surveillance are
      discussed: initial follow-up data are presented for individuals with silicosis.

PMID- 3354581
TI  - Malignant melanoma in the printing industry.
AB  - To evaluate a recent report of malignant melanoma among printers, we used the
      Cancer-Environment Registry of Sweden, which links national cancer incidence and
      employment data. Employees in the newspaper printing industry had almost twice
      the incidence of melanoma than expected (p less than 0.01). Elevated risks were
      found not only among typographers and machine repairers, but also among
      journalists, editors, and business executives in the printing industry. Further
      studies are needed to clarify this relationship and identify specific exposures
      that may be responsible.

PMID- 3354582
TI  - A retrospective cohort mortality study of males mining and milling attapulgite
      clay.
AB  - To evaluate the possible health effects of occupational exposure to a nonasbestos
      mineral fiber, a cohort of 2,302 males employed for at least 1 month between 1940
      and 1975 at an attapulgite (clay fiber) mining and milling facility was followed
      through 1975. A significant deficit of mortality (SMR = 43, 90% CI 23-76) from
      nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) was observed for the cohort based on age
      , calendar year-, and race-specific rates for U.S. males. A marked deficit of
      NMRD was seen regardless of presumed dust exposure level, induction-latency
      period, or duration employed. A statistically significant excess of mortality
      from lung cancer was observed among whites (SMR = 193, 90% CI 121-293), but a
      deficit occurred among nonwhites (SMR = 53, 90% CI 21-112). Lung cancer risk in
      either race was not altered substantially with presumed dust exposure level,
      induction-latency period, or duration employed with one exception-those employed
      for at least 5 years in high-exposure-level jobs.

PMID- 3354583
TI  - A death-certificate case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occupation
      in men in North Carolina.
AB  - A death certificate-based case-control study was performed to investigate
      associations between occupation and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in North
      Carolina. Cases consisted of 501 men who died of NHL (International
      Classification of Diseases codes 200 and 202) during the years 1968-1970, 1975
      1977, and 1980-1982. Controls were selected from other noncancer deaths, and were
      frequency matched for age, year of death, and race. Occupation and industry were
      obtained from the death certificates and coded without knowledge of case-control
      status. An increased risk for men in professional, technical, and managerial
      occupations, compared with all others, was detected among whites (OR = 2.69, 1.95
      3.72). Black men classified as having "low exposures" by an occupational exposure
      linkage system had an odds ratio of 1.74 (0.84-3.60). Because of this finding,
      the occupations were ranked by social class and a statistically significant
      linear relationship was noted in whites, with risk increasing from lower social
      class to upper social class. An increased risk was also detected among whites in
      the rubber, plastics, and synthetics industries (p = .03), and among blacks
      employed in machine trades occupations (OR = 3.63, 1.32-9.97) and structural work
      occupations (OR = 2.38, 0.93-6.05). An increased risk was also detected for black
      painters (p = .02), but not for whites. There was no association found between
      NHL and employment in the following areas: textile industry; farming; laborers;
      or occupations with exposures to asbestos or benzene. The association with
      farming was further examined in counties with high use of pesticides and
      herbicides, and no increased risk of NHL was detected. Cases were more likely to
      live in the western part of the state than the eastern. However, NHL mortality
      rates provided by the North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics did not
      confirm the relationship.

PMID- 3354584
TI  - Chemical exposures and central nervous system cancers: a case-control study among
      workers at two nuclear facilities.
AB  - In a nested case-control study of workers employed between 1943 and 1977 at two
      nuclear facilities, we evaluated the possible association of primary CNS cancers
      with occupational exposure to chemicals. Seventy-two white male and 17 white
      female workers who, according to the information on death certificates, died of
      primary CNS cancers were identified as cases. For each case, four controls were
      matched on race, sex, facility at which initially employed (cohort), year of
      birth, and year of hire. Each job title/department combination was subjectively
      evaluated for potential exposure to each of 26 chemicals or chemical groups.
      Statistically significant associations were not found between CNS cancer deaths
      and any of the 26 chemicals. An increased risk of CNS cancer occurrence was
      observed among subjects employed for more than 20 yr (OR = 7.0, 95% CI =
      1.2,41.1, cases = 9).

PMID- 3354585
TI  - Mortality among California highway workers.
AB  - Standardized proportional mortality ratios (PMR) were computed for a population
      of highway workers. Hazards of highway maintenance work include exposure to
      solvents, herbicides, asphalt and welding fumes, diesel and auto exhaust,
      asbestos, abrasive dusts, hazardous material spills, and moving motor vehicles.
      Underlying cause of death was obtained for 1,570 workers who separated from the
      California Department of Transportation between 1970 and 1983, and who died in
      California between 1970 and 1983 (inclusive). Among 1,260 white males, the major
      findings were statistically significant excesses of cancers of digestive organs
      (PMR = 128), skin (PMR = 218), lymphopoietic cancer (PMR = 157), benign neoplasms
      (PMR = 343), motor vehicle accidents (PMR = 141), and suicide (PMR = 154). Black
      males (N = 66) experienced nonsignificant excesses of cancer of the digestive
      organs (PMR = 191) and arteriosclerotic heart disease (PMR = 143). Among 168
      white females, deaths from lung cancer (PMR = 189) and suicide (PMR = 215) were
      elevated. White male retirees, a subgroup with 5 or more years of service,
      experienced excess mortality due to cancers of the colon (PMR = 245), skin (PMR =
      738), brain (PMR = 556), and lymphosarcomas and reticulosarcomas (PMR = 514).
      Deaths from external causes (PMR = 135) and cirrhosis of the liver (PMR = 229)
      were elevated among white males with a last job in landscape maintenance. White
      males whose last job was highway maintenance experienced a deficit in mortality
      from circulatory diseases (PMR = 83) and excess mortality from emphysema (PMR =
      250) and motor vehicle accidents (PMR = 196). Further epidemiologic and
      industrial hygiene studies are needed to confirm the apparent excess mortality
      and to quantify occupational and nonoccupational exposures. However, reduction of
      recognized hazards among highway maintenance workers is a prudent precautionary
      measure.

PMID- 3354586
TI  - Estimation of the diesel exhaust exposures of railroad workers: I. Current
      exposures.
AB  - As a part of a series of epidemiological studies of railroad workers,
      measurements were made to characterize workers' exposures to diesel exhaust.
      Since diesel exhaust is not a single compound, an exposure marker was sought. The
      personal exposures to respirable particulate matter (RPM) of over 530 workers in
      39 common jobs were measured in four U.S. railroads over a three-year period.
      Significant amounts of cigarette smoke (20-90%) were found in many of these
      samples. Therefore, the respirable particulate concentration, adjusted to remove
      the fraction of cigarette smoke (ARP), was chosen as a marker of diesel exhaust
      exposures. The geometric mean exposures to ARP ranged from 17 micrograms/m3 for
      clerks to 134 micrograms/m3 for locomotive shop workers. Significant
      interrailroad variations were observed in some job groups indicating that the
      different facilities, equipment, and work practices found among the railroads can
      affect a worker's exposure to diesel exhaust. Climate was also found to have a
      significant effect on exposure in some job groups.

PMID- 3354587
TI  - Acute overexposure to diesel exhaust: report of 13 cases.

PMID- 3354588
TI  - Asbestos-related disease in the jewelry industry: report of two cases.
AB  - We describe two cases of asbestos-related pulmonary disease in jewelry workers.
      Exposures occurred during the hand-mixing of asbestos powder used to make jewelry
      soldering boards.

PMID- 3354589
TI  - A review of systems for the personal aspects of patient care.
AB  - Because patients are appropriate judges of the personal aspects of the care
      received from physicians, the authors conducted lengthy interviews with 50
      randomly chosen medical inpatients. They were asked to describe, in an open-ended
      but semistructured fashion, their favorable and unfavorable impressions and
      reactions to the personal aspects of care rendered by their physicians. From the
      specific comments made by the patients in these interviews, we constructed a
      detailed taxonomy of desired physician attitudes and behaviors. The taxonomy can
      be used in a manner analogous to a Review of Systems for teaching students and
      practitioners the elements of personal care and also can be applied for research
      in patient-physician communication.

PMID- 3354590
TI  - Scientific vs. statistical inference: the problem of multiple contrasts in
      clinical research.
AB  - The problem of type 1 error rates in clinical medicine research is discussed and
      a new measure of evaluating the incidences of type 1 error is presented. Three
      measures, including the experimentwise error rate, the error rate per experiment,
      and the percentage error rate are used to compute the type 1 error in a sample of
      clinical research. The results suggest the presence of a substantial incidence of
      type 1 error in the sampled research. The implications for statistical and
      scientific inferences are briefly discussed and some possible solutions explored.

PMID- 3354591
TI  - Reversible depression of myocardial performance in hypophosphatemia.
AB  - Studies of myocardial function in patients with hypophosphatemia have yielded
      conflicting results. Systolic time intervals were performed in 19 patients during
      and after the correction of hypophosphatemia; 11 had severe (0.9 +/- 0.15 mg/dL)
      and eight had moderate (1.4 +/- 0.11 mg/dL) hypophosphatemia. Controls were 14
      patients with normal serum phosphorus levels. No patient with hypophosphatemia
      had clinical congestive heart failure. When hypophosphatemia was corrected,
      improvement in left ventricular performance was seen only in patients with severe
      hypophosphatemia (p less than 0.001); in eight patients left ventricular
      performance was normal during hypophosphatemia but showed significant improvement
      with its correction (p less than 0.01). Patients with moderate hypophosphatemia
      showed no significant change. Our results confirm the findings of O'Conner et al,
      whose study is the only previous one to demonstrate hypophosphatemia-induced
      myocardial depression in humans. Contradictory results from other studies may be
      explained by the inclusion of patients with moderate hypophosphatemia and failure
      to repeat measurements after the correction of hypophosphatemia. We conclude that
      reversible depression of myocardial performance is seen in hypophosphatemia only
      when it is severe. In some cases, normal left ventricular performance improves
      when hypophosphatemia is corrected.

PMID- 3354592
TI  - Improvement in NYHA functional class 4 congestive heart failure patients with
      nifedipine: a hemodynamic evaluation.
AB  - Twelve patients referred for evaluation of functional class 4 heart failure as
      classified by the New York Heart Association underwent treatment with nifedipine
      after other regimens proved unsatisfactory. Seven men and five women with a mean
      age of 63 years and a mean ejection fraction of 28% underwent hemodynamic
      evaluation after insertion of a pulmonary artery monitoring catheter. Nifedipine
      was administered as a 10 mg sublingual dose, followed by 10 mg orally every 8
      hours for 24 hours. Seven patients experienced improvement of symptoms of dyspnea
      (group 1) and continued nifedipine as outpatients for one month. An improvement
      in function to class 3 (five subjects) and class 2 (two subjects) was observed.
      The remaining five patients experienced no improvement (group 2) and did not
      receive nifedipine after 24 hours. Statistical analysis of the hemodynamic
      variables revealed that the responders (group 1) had a significant decrease in
      the pulmonary vascular resistance from 250 dynes second cm-5 at baseline to 155
      dynes second cm-5 at 15 minutes after sublingual nifedipine (p less than .05 and
      135 dynes second cm-5 at 24 hours while on oral nifedipine. Although trends were
      seen with other variables, none was statistically significant. After one year of
      extended follow-up, six of seven group 1 subjects (responders) were alive,
      compared to only one of five group 2 subjects (p less than .05). All five deaths
      were related to progressive heart failure. Although ejection fraction did not
      correlate with final outcome, the duration of heart failure was significantly
      longer in the nonresponders (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354593
TI  - Meningitis caused by Oerskovia xanthineolytica.
AB  - In summary, we describe a case of central nervous system infection with O.
      xanthineolytica in which the infecting microbe probably was engrafted on a
      ventricular shunt. The bacteria caused a smoldering meningitis that did not
      respond to penicillin and rifampin despite in vitro sensitivity, presumably
      because of inadequate cerebrospinal fluid penetration of the penicillin and the
      recognized difficulty of eradicating bacteria from contaminated shunts. Removal
      of the shunt and continued treatment with penicillin and rifampin resulted in
      cure.

PMID- 3354594
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infection: a cause of respiratory distress syndrome
      and pneumonia in adults.
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, an important and sometimes lethal
      disease of infants and children, generally causes a milder and self-limited
      syndrome of cough, nasal congestion and fever in adults. While some evidence
      suggests that RSV may be responsible for more serious respiratory illness in the
      elderly and chronically ill, it has not been shown to cause life-threatening
      respiratory tract disease in previously healthy adults. This report describes a
      previously healthy woman who experienced the acute onset of right lower lobe
      pneumonia which rapidly progressed to the adult respiratory distress syndrome
      (ARDS). Acute and convalescent serology showed RSV was the cause of the
      respiratory tract illness. Michigan Department of Public Health records revealed
      six additional cases of adult bilateral pneumonia with diagnostic antibody titers
      to RSV, with or without coinfection with a second organism. These data suggest
      that RSV may be an under-recognized cause of lower respiratory tract disease in
      adults.

PMID- 3354595
TI  - Placental amino acid uptake in normal and complicated pregnancies.
AB  - Amino acids are the essential substrates for fetal growth and catabolism. The
      fetus is dependent on the placenta for the provision of amino acids, the first
      step being concentration of amino acids within the syncytiotrophoblast for
      subsequent transfer to the fetus. A reliable technique for the isolation of human
      syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane has been described, and the suitability of
      this preparation for the study of amino acid uptake and membrane transport has
      been well documented. Using this technique, the microvillous vesicle uptake of
      alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), a nonmetabolizable amino acid, has been
      determined over multiple time points for normal (NL) pregnancies and those
      complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and those delivering small-for-gestational-age (SGA)
      neonates. There was no significant difference in AIB uptake between NL
      pregnancies and those complicated by PIH or NIDDM. Compared to each of the above,
      AIB uptake by the SGA group was significantly less at each time point. These
      results suggest that normal placental amino acid transport mechanisms may be
      altered in SGA pregnancies. If so, such alterations may interfere with the normal
      provision of nutrients to the fetus and ultimately contribute to impaired growth
      in utero.

PMID- 3354596
TI  - Reproductive risks for carriers of complex chromosome rearrangements: analysis of
      25 families.
AB  - We have determined the empirical reproductive risks for heterozygous carriers of
      complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs). CCRs are structural rearrangements
      involving at least three chromosomes and three or more chromosomal breakpoints.
      Pregnancy outcome, the frequency and type of chromosomal imbalance in the
      offspring, and the localization and distribution of chromosome breakpoints were
      analyzed in 25 CCR families ascertained by the birth of a malformed child or
      repeated spontaneous abortions. This study included two newly ascertained
      familial CCRs and a total of 67 informative pregnancies. Analysis of the data,
      after correction for ascertainment bias, showed that the incidence of spontaneous
      abortions in CCR families was 48.3%. Approximately one in ten pregnancies and
      18.4% of all live births to CCR carriers resulted in phenotypically abnormal
      offspring. One-half of all CCR carrier liveborn offspring were also CCR carriers.
      There was a 53.7% incidence of an abnormal pregnancy outcome to CCR carriers. We
      failed to detect any evidence for a non-random involvement of specific
      chromosomes in CCRs. However, we did observe a non-random distribution of
      specific breakpoints at sites 1q25, 4q13, 6q27, 7p14, 9q12, 11p11, 11p15, 12q21,
      13q31, and 18q21.

PMID- 3354597
TI  - Congenital scalp skull defects with distal limb anomalies (Adams-Oliver syndrome-
      McKusick 10030): further suggestion of autosomal recessive inheritance.
AB  - We describe a man with manifestations of the Adams-Oliver syndrome: congenital
      scalp defect with hypoplastic fingers and toes. The patient has normal first
      cousin parents: among seven sibs, three sisters and two brothers are normal; two
      brothers born with the same scalp lesion died as a consequence of bleeding from
      this abnormal area. There is no evidence of other affected relatives. The family
      of our patient is suggestive of autosomal recessive inheritance of this disorder
      with phenotypic manifestations identical to those present in the autosomal
      dominant form. Dermatoglyphic findings are discussed.

PMID- 3354598
TI  - Scalp and limb defects with cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: Adams
      Oliver syndrome?
AB  - We report on a boy with congenital scalp and limb defects, consistent with a
      diagnosis of Adams-Oliver syndrome (aplasia cutis congenita with terminal
      transverse limb defects). An additional finding present in this child and in his
      mother was cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita. Although this boy fits the
      diagnostic criteria for Adams-Oliver syndrome, his mother does not. We discuss
      whether this condition is highly variable, or heterogeneous.

PMID- 3354599
TI  - Noonan syndrome: partial factor XI deficiency.
AB  - Among the multiple extracardiac abnormalities seen in the Noonan syndrome,
      several authors have mentioned an unexplained bleeding tendency. In 1983 Kitchens
      and Alexander reported on a partial deficiency of coagulation factor XI in four
      patients with Noonan syndrome. We examined 9 patients with Noonan syndrome and 9
      of their 18 parents (3 of them also had Noonan syndrome). Four Noonan patients
      were found to have a partial deficiency of factor XI (30-65%). The Noonan
      patients had a mean factor XI level of 67%, significantly lower than the normal
      parents (mean level of 109%). Our study suggests a relationship between Noonan
      syndrome and a partial deficiency of factor XI.

PMID- 3354600
TI  - Congenital heart defect in a patient with deletion of chromosome 7q.
AB  - We describe a premature male infant with a terminal deletion of 7q [del(7) (pter-
      --q34:)]. Manifestations include low birth weight, hypertelorism, bilateral cleft
      lip and palate, cryptorchidism, and a complex congenital heart defect. The latter
      consisted of hypoplasia of the main pulmonary artery, absent pulmonary valve,
      ventricular septal defect, and anomalous right pulmonary artery. We briefly
      review the spectrum of heart defects seen with chromosome 7 deletions, and
      comment on the incidence of this unusual heart lesion.

PMID- 3354601
TI  - Impact of first-trimester chromosome, DNA, and metabolic studies on pregnancies
      at high genetic risk: experience with 1,000 cases.
AB  - We describe the results and follow-up of chorionic villus studies in 1,034
      pregnancies at risk for chromosome or metabolic disorders. Direct chromosome
      studies were successful in 99.7% and yielded results within a few days. Fifty
      pregnancies at risk for an unbalanced translocation, inherited from parents with
      many small reciprocal translocations, were a good test for the quality of the
      direct method. The 101 metabolic studies involving 28 disorders were correct in
      99 pregnancies in the first trimester. In two cases a correct diagnosis was
      obtained by the confirmatory amniocentesis. DNA studies were carried out in
      pregnancies of male fetuses at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a few
      metabolic disorders. The abortion rate after chorionic villus sampling was 5.1%
      but more than half of the pregnant women were greater than or equal to 36 years
      old and have a spontaneous abortion rate of 10% between the 10th and 14th week
      according to Gustavii [Lancet 1:562, 1984]. Follow-up studies confirmed results
      of all chromosome studies after termination when there was fetal cell growth; the
      outcome of 504 consecutive continuing pregnancies showed no discrepancies of the
      phenotype after birth. It was concluded that first-trimester chorionic villi
      studies gave reliable results and were increasingly preferred by the patients,
      while the sampling can be considered a safe procedure based on the currently
      available data.

PMID- 3354602
TI  - Heterogeneity and recurrence risk for congenital hydrocephalus
      (ventriculomegaly): a prospective study.
AB  - We report on 261 prospectively ascertained pregnancies studied to determine the
      recurrence risk of congenital hydrocephalus. Our results suggest that couples who
      have had one previous child with hydrocephalus have a recurrence risk of 4%. Such
      couples should be offered prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester of all
      subsequent pregnancies. It is suggested that, apart from the X-linked recessive
      cases, ventriculomegaly is mostly multifactorially determined.

PMID- 3354603
TI  - Hepatoblastoma, pigmented ocular fundus lesions and jaw lesions in Gardner
      syndrome.
AB  - Hepatoblastoma is a rare neoplasm of infants and children only recently
      documented in association with hereditary adenomatous polyposis of the colon
      [Kingston et al., 1983]. We report four children with hepatoblastoma from four
      unrelated families with Gardner syndrome (GS). One child, now 19 years old,
      survived after a resection of a hepatoblastoma in infancy and recently was found
      to have GS. He has an associated odontoma and pigmented ocular fundus lesions,
      both of which have been shown to be clinical markers of GS. Many individuals in
      these four GS families, both affected and at risk, have osteomatous jaw lesions
      and pigmented ocular fundus lesions. A search for colonic polyps should be made
      in families of infants and children with hepatoblastoma. If the child survives,
      he or she should be monitored for the later appearance of colonic polyps. The
      finding of jaw lesions and/or pigmented ocular fundus lesions in relatives at
      risk are indications of the possible presence of the GS gene.

PMID- 3354604
TI  - An unusual cardiomelic syndrome.
AB  - We report on a patient with pre- and postnatal growth retardation, bilateral
      symmetrical ulnar agenesis with monodactyly, atrial septal defect, two
      ventricular septal defects, Wolff-Parkinson-White conduction abnormality, and
      abnormal configuration of the pancreas. Although she had some facial features
      reminiscent of the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome, relatively normal head size and
      motor development indicate a distinct syndrome.

PMID- 3354606
TI  - Multiple "marker" chromosomes: a novel cytogenetic finding in a patient with
      mental retardation and congenital anomalies.
AB  - A patient with mental retardation and clinical manifestations suggestive of
      Noonan syndrome was found to have in her peripheral lymphocytes multiple small
      accessory marker chromosomes, varying in number from one to five per cell and in
      size from about half the size of the q arm of a G group chromosome to less than a
      centromere. Occasionally, in the more elongated markers, a G-positive or a C
      positive band could be identified, or the marker had the appearance of a ring.
      The origin and significance of these marker chromosomes are discussed.

PMID- 3354605
TI  - Pressure, biochemical, and culture characteristics of CSF associated with the in
      utero drainage of various fetal CNS defects.
AB  - An attempt has been made to begin delineation of the in utero dynamics of fetal
      intracranial fluid in the presence of brain malformations. In a series of
      patients with fetal CNS defects, cephalocentesis was performed at the time of
      therapeutic abortion or to facilitate vaginal delivery. Intracranial CSF
      pressures and volumes were quite variable. There did not appear to be any
      discernible correlation between the type of lesion and the intracranial pressure.
      Fetal CSF glucose levels were moderately depressed and protein concentrations
      were very high. Neither virus nor bacteria were cultured from fetal CSF or
      amniotic fluid of any patients in this series.

PMID- 3354607
TI  - Multiple, variable-sized, minute marker chromosomes.

PMID- 3354608
TI  - Rett syndrome: abnormal membrane-bound lamellated inclusions in neurons and
      oligodendroglia.
AB  - The brain biopsy of a patient with Rett syndrome showed light microscopic
      evidence of white matter disease. Ultrastructurally, many neurons and
      oligodendroglia contained membrane-bound electron-dense inclusions with a
      distinct lamellar and granular substructure. This substructure suggests that part
      of these inclusions are derived from phospholipid. If confirmed in other cases of
      Rett syndrome, the neurochemical study of these inclusions may contribute to an
      understanding of this disorder.

PMID- 3354609
TI  - Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of a gene coding for human cardiac
      myosin heavy-chain.
AB  - A human cardiac myosin heavy-chain (MHC) gene, cloned in a charon 4A phage, was
      isolated using two rat cardiac pCMHC DNA clones (pCMHC26: alpha-MHC type; and
      pCMHC5: beta-MHC type) as probes and shown to correspond to cardiac myosin heavy
      chain of the alpha-type. The 4.3-KB cardiac genomic DNA clone was used as a probe
      in the Southern analysis of human genomic DNA from human-Chinese hamster or human
      mouse somatic cell hybrids. The results show that the human cardiac MHC gene is
      assigned to chromosome 14 and the human cardiac and skeletal MHC genes do not
      cosegregate as do the mouse cardiac and skeletal MHC genes.

PMID- 3354610
TI  - Ichthyosis and neutral lipid storage disease.
AB  - A boy with a lipid storage disease characterized by lamellar ichthyosis,
      cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, and leukocyte vacuoles has been identified in a
      Sicilian family. This patient shows all the characteristics of ichthyosis and
      neutral lipid storage disease (Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome). Family data confirm an
      autosomal recessive inheritance; the heterozygotes may be detected by the
      presence of vacuoles in circulating eosinophils.

PMID- 3354611
TI  - Hydrocephalus in asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.
AB  - We document four patients, including two sibs, with asphyxiating thoracic
      dystrophy and mild congenital hydrocephalus. All infants were males; three had
      postaxial polydactyly. The CT scan of brain showed moderate dilatation of the
      lateral ventricles in all cases. This appears to be the first documentation of
      apparent hydrocephalus in this condition.

PMID- 3354612
TI  - Penetrance in the presence of genetic susceptibility to environmental factors.
AB  - Many single-gene disorders (especially dominant traits) are known to exhibit
      "incomplete penetrance," a term often criticized as reflecting our ignorance of
      genetic and environmental factors that may interact with the genotype to
      determine the ultimate phenotype of the individual. We explore the effects of an
      environmental factor on penetrance for a simple model of single gene-mediated
      susceptibility to environmental factors. We show that penetrance of the
      susceptible genotype increases with increasing frequency of exposure to the
      factor and the strength of interaction between the factor and the genotype
      (relative risk). For disorders with disease frequency of 0.001 or less (as seen
      with many congenital malformations), penetrance is generally low (less than 10%)
      if the exposure frequency is low (less than 10%) even in the face of strong gene
      environment interaction. Such low penetrance can lead to low recurrence risks.
      Single-gene effects could easily be overlooked in genetic analysis unless
      specific environmental factors are considered.

PMID- 3354613
TI  - Relation between height and clinical course in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - We have evaluated the relation between height and rate of clinical progression in
      boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In all, 111 DMD patients with age
      ranging from 2 to 23 years (mean 8.2 +/- 3.4 years) were assessed; of these
      patients, 92 had their height measured. Clinical course was determined through
      Vignos scale of functional disability, motor ability, and timed functional tests.
      All patients had grossly elevated serum creatine-kinase (CK) and pyruvate-kinase
      (PK) levels. When height was adjusted for patients' age, a statistically
      significant correlation was found between height and clinical course (positive
      with Vignos scale and negative with motor ability), suggesting that smaller boys
      have a better clinical course than taller patients of comparable age. These
      results support our previous hypothesis and suggest that growth inhibition seems
      to be effective in diminishing the progression of DMD.

PMID- 3354614
TI  - Identity-by-descent analysis of sibship configurations when parental haplotypes
      can be distinguished.
AB  - Haplotype sharing patterns of sibs identical-by-descent are examined following
      the method of Ethier and Hodge [1985] but taking account of which parent
      contributes the shared genes. A means of specification of all distinct sibship
      configurations is considered, along with the corresponding probability of each
      configuration and the total number of configurations for differing sibship sizes.

PMID- 3354615
TI  - Monozygotic twins concordant for probable Alzheimer disease and increased
      platelet membrane fluidity.
AB  - This report describes monozygotic twins who were concordant for probable
      Alzheimer disease, as defined by currently-accepted clinical criteria.
      Monozygosity was established by blood typing. Their ages of symptomatic onset
      were 57 and 66 yr, and the times from onset to institutionalization were 8 and 2
      yr, respectively. These results suggest that age at onset and rate of progression
      are clinical features that can be affected by random processes or exposure to
      environmental factors. The platelet membrane fluidity of both twins was
      abnormally increased, and the respective values were identical within
      experimental limits. This result is consistent with published data suggesting
      that increased platelet membrane fluidity is associated with a clinically
      distinct subtype of Alzheimer disease and that this platelet membrane
      characteristic may be genetically determined.

PMID- 3354616
TI  - Ring chromosome 12.
AB  - A ring chromosome 12 (p13.3q24.3) was observed in all cells analyzed from skin
      fibroblasts and the peripheral blood of a 19-year-old man initially referred for
      developmental delay with expressive language deficiency. Other phenotypic
      anomalies included growth deficiency, multiple cafe-au-lait spots, mild pectus
      excavatum, glandular hypospadias, left esotropia, clinodactyly of the fifth
      fingers, and hypothyroidism with elevated antithyroid antibodies. The four
      previously reported cases of r(12) support the theory of a general ring phenotype
      which is manifested independently of the specific autosome involved and which is
      characterized by growth failure, moderate mental retardation, and lack of other
      major phenotypic anomalies. Breakpoints in all cases of r(12) have been assigned
      to the telomeric regions, suggesting minimal deletion of chromosome material.

PMID- 3354617
TI  - Renal agenesis with meningomyelocele and absence of Mullerian structures.

PMID- 3354619
TI  - Deletion 2q syndrome?

PMID- 3354618
TI  - Theoretical expectations for deletional mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3354620
TI  - Marfan syndrome: exclusion of genetic linkage to three major collagen genes.
AB  - The Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with
      pleiotropic manifestations affecting skeletal, ocular and cardiovascular systems.
      Because the fibrillar collagens are major structural components of connective
      tissue, the hypothesis has long been set forth that the Marfan syndrome is a
      disorder of fibrillar collagen. We have investigated this hypothesis by
      performing linkage studies in 12 multiplex families with the Marfan syndrome,
      using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) associated with 3 genes
      encoding chains of fibrillar collagens. The data exclude linkage to all 3
      candidate genes in 2 families and at least 1 of the candidates is excluded in 6
      additional families. Each candidate was excluded in at least 3 families. In no
      case was strong evidence in favor of linkage of the Marfan syndrome to any of the
      3 genes observed. These data speak against the hypothesis that mutations in one
      or more of these 3 fibrillar collagens cause the classic Marfan syndrome.

PMID- 3354621
TI  - Aspartoacylase deficiency and N-acetylaspartic aciduria in patients with Canavan
      disease.
AB  - An increased amount of N-acetylaspartic acid was found in urine and plasma of
      three patients, from two families, with the diagnosis of cerebral spongy
      degeneration (Canavan disease). Aspartoacylase was assayed in cultured skin
      fibroblasts from one patient of each family and a profound deficiency of this
      enzyme was found. Although the function of N-acetylaspartic acid is not
      understood, it is known to occur in high concentration in human brain. The
      finding of a defect in the metabolism of N-acetylaspartic acid causing
      progressive spongy degeneration of the brain may lead to a better understanding
      of the function of this amino acid derivative. The aspartoacylase assay affords a
      new tool for determining the diagnosis of Canavan disease. Since aspartoacylase
      activity was present in cultured amniotic cells and chorionic villi, it is likely
      that the assay for this enzyme can be used for the prenatal diagnosis of Canavan
      disease.

PMID- 3354622
TI  - A historical review of pelvic infections.

PMID- 3354623
TI  - Perspectives on the bacteriology of postoperative obstetric-gynecologic
      infections.
AB  - The development of postoperative infections is influenced by both host and
      external factors. The present report focuses on the influence of prophylactic
      agents on the apparent cause of infection after cesarean section and vaginal
      hysterectomy. The correlation between in vitro susceptibility patterns of
      potential pathogens and normal flora and in vivo response is also considered.

PMID- 3354624
TI  - The reliability and validity of a sensory developmental expectation questionnaire
      for mothers of newborns.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to construct and conduct preliminary reliability
      and validity studies on a questionnaire designed to measure a mother's ability to
      provide an adequate sensory environment for her newborn child. The questionnaire
      was conceptualized as an extension and application of sensory integrative theory
      into the domain of maternal role preparation. The instrument assessed (a) a
      mother's knowledge of the sensory capacity of the newborn and (b) a mother's
      perception of her ability to influence the development of her child. The subjects
      were 55 primiparas of newborn infants who responded to the questionnaire within 3
      days postpartum. The findings demonstrated that the questionnaire measured the
      two traits reliably. Additionally they indicated that knowledge of the sensory
      capacity of the newborn correlated positively with perceived influence on
      development. Maternal age did not correlate with the mothers' knowledge of the
      sensory capacity of the child, but did correlate with perceived influence of
      mothers on development. Educational level of the respondent correlated with
      scores on both subscales. With further research, it is foreseen that this
      questionnaire may be used by occupational therapists as a part of a screening
      interview for identifying mothers who may be at risk for failure to provide
      adequate sensory experiences for their children.

PMID- 3354625
TI  - Effects of project versus parallel groups on social interaction and affective
      responses in senior citizens.
AB  - Using activity analysis, occupational therapists structure group activities to
      meet the needs and goals of group members. This study compared the effects of
      project group structure (subjects participate together on a common task) with
      parallel group structure (subjects each have a task) in a sample of healthy
      seniors (32 women and 9 men). Subjects randomly assigned to either experimental
      condition made creative and imitative collages in a counter-balanced order. Time
      sampled observations revealed that project group subjects talked and looked at
      others significantly more than parallel group subjects. On-task and laughing
      behaviors were also measured, but results were inconclusive. Project group
      subjects rated their activities higher on the action factor of the Osgood
      semantic differential (OSD) than did parallel group subjects, but there were no
      other differences on the OSD or on MacKenzie's Group Climate Questionnaire. Nor
      were there significant main effects between the creative collage and the
      imitative collage. Results are discussed both in terms of group task structure as
      an occupational therapy tool and in terms of methodologies for future activity
      analysis research.

PMID- 3354626
TI  - Adult performance on three tests of equilibrium.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to determine preliminary norms
      for young adult males and young adult females on three clinical tests of
      equilibrium, Tilt Board Tip (TBT), Tilt Board Reach (TBR), and Flat Board Reach
      (FBR), and (b) to determine sex differences in equilibrium performance. The three
      equilibrium tests were administered to a sample of 25 men and 29 women between
      the ages of 20 and 30 years. The results revealed a significant sex difference on
      TBT, with men obtaining significantly higher scores than women. FBR approached
      significance, and no significant difference was found on the TBR. These results
      support earlier findings of sex differences in performance on a variety of
      equilibrium measures and suggest that different normative criteria should be used
      to evaluate the performance of males and females on some tests of equilibrium.
      Possible reasons for males obtaining higher scores on TBT and for lack of
      differences between male and female performance on FBR and TBR are discussed.

PMID- 3354627
TI  - Quality assurance in equipment ordering for the spinal cord-injured client.
AB  - Occupational therapy for spinal cord-injured clients is based on training in the
      use of adapted techniques and adapted equipment to optimize functioning. Two
      factors, the need for equipment to enhance the client's potential and the demand
      for cost containment in equipment ordering, spurred a quality assurance study of
      equipment ordering. Through a follow-up survey of persons who had received
      equipment while they were patients of the New England Regional Spinal Cord Injury
      Center, suspected problems were identified and defined. A plan was formulated and
      implemented to resolve the problems; then the outcomes of this plan were
      evaluated by a telephone survey 1 year later. This quality assurance study helped
      establish accountability for cost containment in equipment ordering based on the
      client's perceived need, the client's level of spinal cord injury, equipment
      durability, and the timeliness of ordering.

PMID- 3354628
TI  - Chewing cycles in 2- to 8-year-old normal children: a developmental profile.
AB  - Chewing movements of normal 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old children were measured and
      compared across age, food textures, and gender. Applesauce, graham cracker, and
      raisins were used. Measures were taken on 98 children: eighteen 5-year-olds (9
      boys, 9 girls); thirty-five 6-year-olds (16 boys, 19 girls); twenty-six 7-year
      olds (13 boys, 13 girls); and nineteen 8-year-olds (10 boys, 9 girls).
      Comparisons were made with data of another twenty 5-year-olds (10 boys, 10 girls)
      from a previous study. Chewing movements were measured by time, number of cycles,
      and a time/cycle ratio. Food texture affected time, cycle, and the time/cycle
      ratio. Age affected time and cycles. Data from earlier studies are used to
      describe the development of chewing between the ages of 2 and 8 years. Results
      indicate that eating skills for different food textures mature at different
      rates. Skills for eating solid foods mature before skills for eating viscous and
      pureed foods mature. Thus, the consistent use of food textures is important when
      children's eating skills are evaluated. The normative data presented here may be
      used by clinicians evaluating children within the given age group.

PMID- 3354629
TI  - Roll splints: an option in low-profile dynamic splinting.

PMID- 3354630
TI  - American Occupational Therapy Foundation: promoting the occupational therapy
      profession.

PMID- 3354631
TI  - Intrinsic motivation in product-oriented and non-product-oriented activities.
AB  - This study investigated the hypothesis that purposeful activity is an intrinsic
      motivator. We hypothesized that subjects would take longer to perceive themselves
      to be working hard and would have a higher heart rate increase when working on a
      product-oriented activity. Fifteen subjects sanded a cutting board that they
      could keep and a piece of wood that they could not keep until they reached a
      rating of 15 (hard) on the Borg Rating Scale of Perceived Exertion. No
      significant differences were found in the subjects' heart rate increase or in the
      time it took subjects to perceive themselves as working hard. Subjects reported
      significantly more enjoyment in sanding the cutting board than in sanding the
      wood, and significance increased further upon completion of the sanding board. Ex
      post facto, when subjects were categorized into three groups depending upon the
      degree of liking for each activity, it appeared that the degree of liking may be
      important in predicting exercise effort. Implications for practice and further
      research are discussed.

PMID- 3354632
TI  - Analysis of information processing and cognitive disability theory.
AB  - This study used the information-processing approach to conceptualize planning and
      problem-solving abilities and to expand the theoretical and empirical data base
      of Claudia Allen's cognitive disability model. The congruent validity of the
      Allen Cognitive Levels (ACL) test as a measure of cognition, specifically of the
      fluid information-processing abilities that underlie learning, was investigated.
      Criterion measures used were subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
      Revised edition (WAIS-R). Forty adult psychiatric patients participated in the
      study. Spearman r coefficients showed moderately high correlations between the
      ACL test and the WAIS-R subtests measuring fluid abilities, and Performance scale
      IQ. These results indicate that Allen's model and test can be useful in guiding
      occupational therapy planning when expected outcomes depend on the patient's
      learning potential.

PMID- 3354633
TI  - The D-Z stump protector.

PMID- 3354634
TI  - Additional information on Parachek.

PMID- 3354635
TI  - Team building works.

PMID- 3354636
TI  - Raising the entry level would be untimely.

PMID- 3354637
TI  - Update on medical libraries.

PMID- 3354639
TI  - Aging and arteriosclerosis. Cell cycle kinetics of young and old arterial smooth
      muscle cells.
AB  - Intimal cell proliferation is a "hallmark" of atherosclerosis. Myointimal
      hyperplasia in arteries has been shown to be dependent on age after vascular
      endothelial denudation and injury associated with vascular transplantation.
      Because myointimal thickening is greater in aged rats than in younger rats, and
      aortic segments from old rats transplanted into young syngeneic recipients have a
      greater myointimal proliferative response to injury than its host environment,
      the authors examined the cell cycle distributions of old and young rat arterial
      smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by flow-cytometric analysis. They observed that there
      is an apparent age-dependent variation in the cell cycle distribution. Moreover,
      old SMCs have a greater percentage of their population in the S phase and not
      G2/M, compared with young SMCs; and there is a decrease in the percentage of old
      cells in the G0/G1 phase as compared with young SMCs. These differences may
      reflect the cellular changes observed during myointimal hyperplasia following
      vascular injury. It is concluded that our data support the hypothesis that the
      proliferation of SMCs is dependent, in part, on those processes related to aging
      as well as to the phenotypic state of the cell.

PMID- 3354638
TI  - Ultrastructure of Campylobacter jejuni in gamma-irradiated mouse jejunum.
AB  - This paper describes the ultrastructure of intracellular elongated, transitional
      and coccoid forms of Campylobacter jejuni, in irradiated mouse jejunum infected
      both in vitro and in vivo and in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Jejunum of
      irradiated mouse incubated for 1 hour under conditions favorable to the organisms
      showed minimal tissue degeneration. The intracellular organisms in this material
      were free cytoplasmic forms showing inner membrane degeneration, loss of
      cytoplasmic granules, and absence of flagella. The diameter of the coccoids was
      up to four times that of the elongated forms, as in plate cultures. Intracellular
      organisms were not found in challenged unirradiated controls, indicating that
      irradiation of mouse cells may be required for intracellular infection with human
      strains of C jejuni. In contrast, challenged human fibroblasts contained typical
      elongated organisms in cytoplasmic vacuoles. These findings are discussed with
      reference to Campylobacter strain, host resistance, and "natural" animal and
      human Campylobacter infections.

PMID- 3354640
TI  - Calcium gain during postischemic reperfusion. The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol.
AB  - Reperfusing hearts after an ischemic episode can result in cellular Ca2+
      overload. This is accompanied by the formation of contraction bands, loss of
      sarcolemmal integrity, and mitochondrial disruption. The present study
      investigated the effect of uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation with 2,4
      dinitrophenol (DNP) during reperfusion after 30 or 60 minutes of ischemia on this
      reperfusion-induced Ca2+ gain. After 60 minutes' ischemia, reperfusion with 1 mM
      DNP delayed the accumulation of Ca2+ and increased the duration of reperfusion
      before sarcolemmal disruptions were evident. This suggested that once sarcolemmal
      integrity is lost, Ca2+ will freely enter the cells irrespective of whether the
      mitochondria are able to accumulate Ca2+. After 30 minutes ischemia, reperfusion
      for up to 30 minutes with 0.1 or 1 mM DNP attenuated the Ca2+ gain and maintained
      sarcolemmal integrity. Because the authors previously found that maintaining
      sarcolemmal integrity alone does not totally abolish Ca2+ gain, it is suggested
      that DNP must prevent the entry of Ca2+ that occurs via route(s) other than those
      created by the loss of sarcolemmal integrity.

PMID- 3354641
TI  - Diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcomas with HHF35, a monoclonal antibody directed against
      muscle actins.
AB  - The authors have recently developed a monoclonal antibody, HHF35, that recognizes
      the muscle-specific isoforms of actin. To determine its potential usefulness in
      the differential diagnosis of "small, round, blue cell" tumors of childhood, they
      immunolabeled formalinor B-5-fixed tissue sections from known cases of
      rhabdomyosarcoma or rhabdomyoma (30), neuroblastoma (9), retinoblastoma (2), and
      Ewing's sarcoma (9) with HHF35 and with antibodies to creatine kinase M,
      myoglobin, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase. HHF35 reacted with 29 of 30
      cases of rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas antibodies to creatine kinase M and myoglobin
      were positive on only 12 and 7 tumors, respectively. HHF35 did not react with any
      case of neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, or Ewing's sarcoma when the antibody
      diluent contained 50 mM EDTA. These results indicate that HHF35 is a highly
      sensitive and specific marker for myogenic differentiation and that it will be
      useful in the differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcomas.

PMID- 3354642
TI  - Peliosis hepatis and sinusoidal dilation during infection by the human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An ultrastructural study.
AB  - The description of hepatic sinusoidal lesions in a significant number of acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients prompted the authors to undertake an
      ultrastructural study of the sinusoidal barrier abnormalities during human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, in order to compare these lesions with
      those described in other conditions and to discuss their possible origin. In a
      series of 29 patients with serologic evidence of HIV infection and liver
      abnormalities, 8 (28%) had sinusoidal lesions. Peliosis hepatis was present in 2
      cases, and sinusoidal dilatation in 6. These patients were classified as follows:
      3 AIDS, 4 AIDS-related complex, 1 unclassifiable. Ultrastructural lesions of the
      sinusoidal barrier were observed in all the cases. They closely mimicked the
      changes previously reported in peliotic and peliotic-like changes of various
      origins. A striking particularity was, however, the presence of numerous and
      hyperplastic sinusoidal macrophages. This work suggests that an injury of the
      endothelial cells, directly or indirectly related to the presence of HIV, may be
      incriminated in the pathogenesis of sinusoidal lesions during HIV infection.

PMID- 3354643
TI  - Transmural differences in the postischemic recovery of cardiac energy metabolism.
AB  - After 25 minutes of ischemia, in the isolated rat preparation, hearts fail to
      reestablish adequate contractile function. To determine whether this failure was
      associated with a transmural variation in the metabolic response of myocardial
      cells to reperfusion, the authors subjected hearts to 25 minutes of global
      ischemia with and without 5 or 20 minutes of reperfusion. After freeze-drying the
      left ventricular myocardium was divided into subepicardial (EPI) and
      subendocardial (ENDO) regions before estimating the lactate, total adenine pool
      metabolites, and creatine phosphate (CP) and phosphate concentrations in each
      region. Other groups of hearts were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde then
      injected with nuclear track emulsion to demonstrate that a high proportion of
      capillaries in both the subendocardial (89%) and subepicardial (95%) myocardium
      transmitted perfusate after 5 minutes of reperfusion. Reperfusion removed lactate
      equally from each region. Thus the differences in the capacity of reperfusion of
      these regions to recover CP (ENDO, 100%; EPI, 168% of preischemic values), to
      elevate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (ENDO, 32%; EPI, 63%), or to retain
      adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (ENDO, 625%; EPI, 277%) were unlikely to be due to
      regional differences in microvascular function. Despite the better preservation
      of both structure and metabolism in the subepicardium, there was, during
      reperfusion, a progressive loss of purine precursors from cells in both regions
      of the myocardium. These results suggest that the loss of ability of the
      myocardium to recover significant function after relatively short periods of
      ischemia is due to their inability, on reperfusion, to synthesise sufficient ATP
      from the available precursors. This capacity for resynthesis of ATP is lost more
      rapidly in the subendocardial than in the subepicardial myocardium.

PMID- 3354644
TI  - Barrett's esophagus. Correlation between mucin histochemistry, flow cytometry,
      and histologic diagnosis for predicting increased cancer risk.
AB  - A predominance of sulfated mucin in the nongoblet columnar cells of Barrett's
      specialized metaplastic epithelium has been postulated to be a form of mild
      dysplasia and to indicate an increased risk of adenocarcinoma. Flow cytometry for
      the analysis of nuclear DNA content and cell cycle parameters has also been
      postulated to be an objective aid in the diagnosis of dysplasia and carcinoma in
      Barrett's esophagus. The authors investigated the relationship among sulfated
      mucin, flow cytometric data, and histologic diagnosis in each of 152 biopsies
      from 42 patients who had Barrett's specialized metaplastic epithelium. Sulfated
      mucin, as detected by the high iron diamine-Alcian blue stain, was present in
      biopsies from 8 of 11 (73%) patients with the histologic diagnosis of dysplasia
      or carcinoma, in 7 of 9 (78%) patients whose biopsies were indefinite for
      dysplasia, and in 12 of 22 (55%) patients whose biopsies were negative for
      dysplasia (P = 0.37). Sulfated mucins predominated in 9%, 22%, and 9% of the
      patients, respectively (P = 0.56). Abnormal flow cytometry (aneuploidy or
      increased G2/tetraploid fraction) was found in all patients with the histologic
      diagnosis of dysplasia or carcinoma, in 3 of 9 (33%) indefinite for dysplasia,
      and in 1 of 22 (5%) negative for dysplasia (P = less than 0.0001). Neither the
      presence nor the predominance of sulfated mucin in the specialized metaplastic
      epithelium of Barrett's esophagus has sufficiently high sensitivity or
      specificity for dysplasia or carcinoma to be of value in managing patients.
      Abnormal flow cytometry shows excellent correlation with the histologic diagnosis
      of dysplasia and carcinoma; it detects a subset of patients whose biopsies are
      histologically indefinite or negative for dysplasia, but who have flow cytometric
      abnormalities similar to those otherwise seen only in dysplasia and carcinoma.

PMID- 3354645
TI  - Ocular pathology in melanomatous Sinclair miniature swine.
AB  - Eyes of cutaneous melanoma-bearing miniature Sinclair swine were examined by
      light and electron microscopy during growth and maturation of animals. The
      histology of ocular depigmentation, which occurs during melanoma arrest and skin
      depigmentation, was studied in eyes of animals that had successful and
      unsuccessful tumor regression. In 12 animals one eye was removed at an early
      stage and the second eye at a later stage of disease or maturation. The
      histologic and clinical course of the ocular changes was correlated with changes
      in the cutaneous tumors. Animals showing rapid cutaneous tumor regression
      developed acute uveitis that was characterized by an influx of mononuclear cells
      into the stroma of the ciliary body; later this spread to the iris and choroid.
      In late stages the cornea sometimes developed a band of calcium precipitates
      beneath the basal epithelial cells (band keratopathy). Uveal melanocytes
      developed watery cytoplasm typical of cells with ruptured plasma membranes.
      Released melanin granules were taken up initially into the lysosomal compartment
      of mononuclear cells having the various morphologic features of lymphocytes and
      monocytes; later, melanin also appeared in fibrocyte lysosomes. The relationship
      of these processes to various cell-mediated immunity phenomena is being studied.

PMID- 3354646
TI  - Unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles in atherosclerotic lesions of human
      and rabbit aortas.
AB  - Unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles were isolated from human and
      cholesterol-fed rabbit aortas. These particles have been previously reported to
      constitute the initial lipid deposition in atherosclerotic lesion development.
      Purification of the particles was accomplished with microfiltration, gel
      filtration chromatography, and density gradient centrifugation. Particles from
      both human and rabbit aortas had a density of between 1.02 g/ml and 1.08 g/ml
      with a peak at d = 1.036 g/ml. These particles had a high molar ratio of
      unesterified cholesterol to phospholipid (2.4:1 in rabbit, 2.6:1 in human) and a
      high percentage of their cholesterol in an unesterified form (82% in rabbit, 76%
      in human). The particles had diameters between 700 and 3000 A and showed
      unilamellar and multilamellar structures. Freeze-fractured particles had smooth
      fracture faces and sometimes contained a smooth-surfaced core. Upon incubation
      with filipin, particles showed typical filipin-sterol complexes, demonstrating
      the presence of unesterified cholesterol. The particles we have isolated may
      constitute an early pathologic form of accumulated cholesterol in developing
      lesions and may represent a degradation product of infiltrated plasma low-density
      lipoprotein.

PMID- 3354647
TI  - Na+ uptake into colonic enterocyte membrane vesicles.
AB  - Na+ uptake was studied in colonic enterocyte membrane vesicles prepared from
      normal and dexamethasone-treated rats. Vesicles from rats treated with
      dexamethasone demonstrated a fivefold greater 22Na+ uptake compared with vesicles
      from normal rats. Most of the tracer uptake in membranes derived from treated
      rats occurred through a conductive, amiloride-blockable pathway located in
      vesicles with low native K+ permeability and high Cl- permeability. Kinetic
      analysis of the amiloride inhibition curve revealed the presence of two amiloride
      blockable pathways, one with a high affinity (Ki = 9 +/- 1.8 nM), accounting for
      85% of the uptake, and one with a low affinity (Ki = 2.2 +/- 0.71 microM),
      accounting for only 12% of the uptake. Only the low-affinity pathway was detected
      with vesicles from normal rats. The high sensitivity to amiloride, the dependence
      on dexamethasone pretreatment, and the relative permeabilities to K+ and Cl-
      indicate that most of the 22Na+ uptake in membranes derived from treated rats is
      through a Na+-specific channel located in apical membrane vesicles. Preincubation
      of the isolated cells from dexamethasone-treated rats at 37 degrees C in Ca2+
      free solutions before homogenization and membrane vesicle purification caused a 5
      to 10-fold increase in amiloride-blockable 22Na+ uptake compared with vesicles
      derived from cells maintained at 0 degrees C. The addition of Ca2+, but not of
      Mg2+, to the incubation solution markedly reduced this temperature-dependent
      enhancement in 22Na+ uptake. The uptake of 22Na+ into vesicles from normal rats
      was unaffected by preincubation at 37 degrees C or the addition of Ca+ to the
      incubation solutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354648
TI  - Caffeine suppresses length dependency of Ca2+ sensitivity of skinned striated
      muscle.
AB  - Freeze-dried skinned cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations of the rabbit were
      immersed in Ca2+-containing solutions with different concentrations of caffeine.
      The relation between the negative logarithm of the Ca2+ concentration (pCa) and
      normalized developed force was studied. The exact position of these Ca2+
      sensitivity functions proved to be dependent on both the sarcomere length
      (monitored by means of laser diffraction) and caffeine concentration. High
      concentrations of caffeine induce a reversible fall in tension, particularly at
      low binding site saturation (low pCa) and long sarcomere lengths. At a
      concentration of 10 mM caffeine, the sarcomere length dependency of the Ca2+
      sensitivity curves is markedly reduced for the rising part of the curve. Only the
      depressive effect of caffeine at high pCa remains. A possible mechanism of
      caffeine action is discussed.

PMID- 3354649
TI  - Release and reloading of intracellular Ca stores after cholinergic stimulation of
      the parietal cell.
AB  - Microspectrofluorimetry was used to measure cytosolic free Ca, Cai, in single
      parietal cells of intact rabbit gastric glands loaded with the Ca-sensitive
      fluorescent dye, fura-2. Cells were repeatedly stimulated with the cholinergic
      agonist carbachol to gain insights into the membrane mechanisms involved in
      hormonally stimulated Ca metabolism. In either Ca-containing or Ca-free
      solutions, carbachol (100 microM) caused a rapid (within 30 s) elevation of Cai
      from a resting level of 100 nM to greater than 600 nM. After the spike, Cai
      decreased within 3 min to a lower level that was somewhat elevated (greater than
      200 nM) over base line. This plateau was dependent on both carbachol and
      extracellular Ca (Cao) and could be blocked by the addition of atropine (1
      microM) or lanthanum ion (La, 50 microM). The spike is due to the release of Ca
      from internal stores, whereas the plateau is due to Ca entry across the plasma
      membrane through agonist-controlled, La-inhibitable channels. After a carbachol
      stimulation of 3 min or longer, reloading of the internal store was absolutely
      dependent on Cao. Under these conditions, reloading occurred through a La
      sensitive (but nifedipine- and verapamil-insensitive) pathway in the plasma
      membrane. No significant change in Cai was detectable during the reloading. In
      contrast to the longer treatments, if carbachol stimulation was terminated with
      atropine while Cai was still elevated, significant reloading occurred from the
      cytosol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354650
TI  - Lithium movements in resting and chemotactic factor-activated human neutrophils.
AB  - The ability of the chemotactic factor-activated Na+-H+ exchange system of human
      neutrophils to bind and transport other cations of the alkali metal series was
      investigated. After exposure of cells to the tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine (FMLP), the influx of Li+ was measured by flame photometry and
      correlated with changes in intracellular pH (pHi) derived from the equilibrium
      distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. In Na+-depleted cells, Li+ (Km
      approximately equal to 14 mM) could substitute effectively for Na+ (Km
      approximately equal to 23 mM) at the external translocation site of the carrier,
      though the maximal transport rate for Li+ (approximately 8 meq.l-1.min-1) was
      roughly half that for Na+ (approximately 15 meq.l-1.min-1). On the other hand,
      the carrier lacked appreciable affinity for K+, Rb+, and Cs+. The influx of Li+
      from the external solution was accompanied by an equivalent counterefflux of H+
      from the internal milieu. The H+ efflux thus induced led to an intracellular
      alkalinization of approximately 0.7 units, the pHi rising from approximately 7.20
      to approximately 7.90. The influx of Li+, as well as the increase in pHi in 140
      mM Li+ medium, was competitively inhibited by amiloride (Ki approximately equal
      to 9 microM). Extracellular H+ also behaved as a competitive inhibitor of Li+
      with a Ki of approximately 30 nM (pK'a approximately 7.50). These studies
      indicate that the FMLP-activated alkali metal cation-H+ exchange mechanism of
      neutrophils shares a number of features in common with those of Na+-H+ exchangers
      in a variety of different cells.

PMID- 3354651
TI  - Comparison of ion transport by cultured secretory and absorptive canine airway
      epithelia.
AB  - The use of primary cell culture techniques to predict the function of native
      respiratory epithelia was tested in studies of dog airway epithelia. Epithelial
      cells from Cl- secretory (tracheal) and Na+ absorptive (bronchial) airway regions
      were isolated by enzymatic digestion, plated on collagen matrices, and maintained
      in serum-free, hormone-supplemented media. Transepithelial and intracellular
      studies showed that both the tracheal and bronchial culture preparations
      exhibited bioelectric parameters quantitatively similar to those of intact
      tissues. Similar to the native tissue, the tracheal preparation exhibited an
      equivalent short-circuit circuit (Ieq) that was sensitive to inhibitors of Cl-
      transport (bumetanide, diphenylamine carboxylic acid) but was insensitive to an
      inhibitor of Na+ transport, amiloride. In contrast, the bronchial preparation,
      like the native tissue, exhibited an Ieq sensitive to amiloride but insensitive
      to bumetanide. As compared with the trachea, the bronchial (absorptive)
      epithelium is characterized by 1) a large amiloride-sensitive cellular
      conductance and 2) a relatively depolarized basolateral membrane. We conclude
      that this primary cell culture technique provides epithelial preparations
      comparable to the native tissue and suitable for quantitative studies of regional
      differences in ion transport function.

PMID- 3354652
TI  - A linear model of muscle respiration explains monoexponential phosphocreatine
      changes.
AB  - Phosphocreatine (PCr) content was measured by phosphorus nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius muscles of pentobarbital-anesthetized
      rats during and after twitch stimulation at rates up to 0.75 Hz. The
      monoexponential time constant for PCr changes was similar at the onset of vs.
      during recovery after stimulation and was not significantly different for
      different stimulation rates (mean time constant 1.44 min). Steady-state PCr level
      during stimulation was linearly related to the product of stimulation rate times
      peak twitch force. These results are shown to be consistent with a simple first
      order electrical analog model of oxidative metabolism that is applicable at
      submaximal oxidative rates. The model assumes equilibrium of the creatine kinase
      reaction, which is modeled as a chemical capacitor, with capacitance proportional
      to the total creatine level, and PCr level proportional to the cytosolic free
      energy of ATP hydrolysis.

PMID- 3354653
TI  - Effect of fasting on myocardial substrates in male and female rats.
AB  - Adult male and female rats were fasted for 1, 2, or 3 days to determine its
      effect on circulating and endogenous fuels available to the heart. Liver glycogen
      was depleted within the first 24 h of food restriction. Plasma glucose decreased
      approximately 2.5 mM in both sexes during the 3 days. Fasting significantly
      increased plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate to approximately the same level in female
      and male rats. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) increased approximately 0.2 mM in
      both groups during the first 24 h without food and remained elevated over the
      next 2 days. FFA concentrations were higher in fed female than in fed male rats
      and remained significantly higher in female rats throughout the experimental
      period. Myocardial glycogen increased 64% during the first 2 days of fasting in
      the male rats and stayed elevated on the third day of fasting. In contrast, heart
      glycogen of female rats remained unchanged from an initial value of 3.13 mg/g
      throughout the 3-day fasting period. Endogenous triglyceride (TG) of male rats
      decreased from 2.14 +/- 0.09 to 1.41 +/- 0.21 mumol/g during the first 24 h
      without food and remained at that level during the second and third days. Heart
      TG in female rats fell progressively from 2.36 +/- 0.19 to 1.02 +/- 0.12 mumol/g
      during the fasting period. Cardiac FFA were higher in female than in male animals
      throughout the entire experiment. These data indicate that quantitative and
      qualitative metabolic differences exist between male and female rats stressed by
      fasting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354654
TI  - A bioenergetic model of gossypol action: effects of gossypol on adult rat
      spermatogenic cells.
AB  - Rat spermatogenic cells have glycolytic rates of 124 +/- 36 nmol lactate.mg
      protein-1.h-1. Maximum glycolytic rates in the absence of oxidative
      phosphorylation do not exceed the basal rates by greater than 40%. From the rates
      of oxygen consumption and lactate production it can be calculated that less than
      8% of the total ATP produced by spermatogenic cells is provided by glycolysis.
      These properties of spermatogenic cells would render them highly susceptible to
      cytotoxicity due to the action of agents like gossypol that impair mitochondrial
      oxidative phosphorylation or to conditions that produce testicular hypoxia. The
      main effect of gossypol on spermatogenic cell energy metabolism is to uncouple
      mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the absence of glucose, this
      uncoupling action of gossypol would change the NAD+/NADH redox coupling and,
      consequently, could modify metabolic fluxes through the lactic dehydrogenase
      catalyzed reaction.

PMID- 3354655
TI  - Specificity of gossypol uncoupling: a comparative study of liver and
      spermatogenic cells.
AB  - A comparative study of gossypol uncoupling of rat spermatogenic and liver cells
      shows that spermatogenic cells metabolizing pyruvate are two to three times more
      sensitive to gossypol uncoupling than either spermatogenic cells metabolizing
      glucose or liver cells metabolizing pyruvate or glucose. Direct measurements of
      in situ rat liver and spermatogenic cell mitochondrial respiration indicate that
      the pyruvate dependence of the gossypol uncoupling appears to be located in the
      spermatogenic cell mitochondria. A different type of mitochondrial uncoupler
      carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone does not present the substrate-dependent
      uncoupling effect. This special interaction between spermatogenic cell pyruvate
      metabolism and gossypol uncoupling confers specificity to a bioenergetic model of
      gossypol action.

PMID- 3354656
TI  - A simple hydraulic drive for remote control of the Huxley-style micromanipulator.
AB  - Electrodeposited metal bellows permit the construction of simple, reliable, and
      inexpensive hydraulic drives for the Huxley-style micromanipulator. This approach
      enables precise remote control of micromanipulation without introducing
      conductive leads or other potential sources of electrical noise near the
      experimental system. Moreover, the bellows arrangement preserves a stability and
      reproducibility in the positioning of the heavier transducers that is not matched
      by other hydraulic micromanipulators. The small size of the hydraulic coupler
      enables easy installation, and it can be adapted to preexisting manipulators.
      Importantly, the manipulator's original micrometer control is preserved, a
      feature that allows the investigator to tailor the apparatus for novel
      arrangements for micromanipulation.

PMID- 3354657
TI  - Vanadate and fluoride effects on Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport in squid giant axon.
AB  - The effects of vanadate and fluoride on the Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter of the squid
      giant axon were assessed. In axons not treated with these agents, intracellular
      dialysis with ATP-depleting fluids caused bumetanide-inhibitable 36Cl influx to
      fall with a half time of approximately 16 min. In the presence of either 40
      microM vanadate or 5 mM fluoride, the decay of bumetanide-inhibitable 36Cl influx
      was significantly slowed; half time for vanadate-treated axons is 45 min and for
      fluoride-treated axons is 37 min. These agents are not exerting their effects on
      Na+-K+-Cl- cotransport by influencing the rate of ATP depletion of the axon,
      since they had no effect on the ATP hydrolysis rate of an optic ganglia
      homogenate. We therefore suggest that these data support the hypothesis that Na+
      K+-Cl- cotransport in squid axons is regulated by a phosphorylation
      dephosphorylation mechanism and that vanadate and fluoride reduce the rate of
      dephosphorylation by inhibiting a protein phosphatase.

PMID- 3354658
TI  - Mitochondrial redox state in skeletal muscle cannot be estimated with glutamate
      dehydrogenase system.

PMID- 3354659
TI  - Renin substrate release in response to perturbations of renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - The role of the kidney in the regulation of plasma renin substrate and the
      release of this protein from rat liver slices were investigated. Physiological
      and pharmacological maneuvers were performed to perturb the renin-angiotensin
      system, including 24-h bilateral nephrectomy and furosemide administration to
      change renin and adrenalectomy and administration of dexamethasone to alter renin
      substrate. In the normal physiological range of plasma renin activity (PRA), no
      statistically significant linear relationship was evident between PRA and either
      plasma renin substrate or renin substrate released from liver slices. Stimulation
      of renin substrate by nephrectomy and dexamethasone administration were additive.
      Nephrectomy was also shown not to induce the release of a renin substrate
      stimulating factor.

PMID- 3354660
TI  - Infusion and sampling site effects on two-pool model estimates of leucine
      metabolism.
AB  - To assess the effect of site of isotope infusion on estimates of leucine
      metabolism infusions of alpha-[4,5-3H]ketoisocaproate (KIC) and [U-14C]leucine
      were made into the left or right ventricles of sheep and pigs. Blood was sampled
      from the opposite ventricle. In both species, left ventricular infusions resulted
      in significantly lower specific radioactivities (SA) of [14C]leucine and [3H]KIC.
      [14C]KIC SA was found to be insensitive to infusion and sampling sites. [14C]KIC
      was in addition found to be equal to the SA of [14C]leucine only during the left
      heart infusions. Therefore [14C]KIC SA was used as the only estimate for [14C]SA
      in the equations for the two-pool model. This model eliminated the influence of
      site of infusion and blood sampling on the estimates for leucine entry and
      reduced the impact on the estimates for proteolysis and oxidation. This two-pool
      model could not compensate for the underestimation of transamination reactions
      occurring during the traditional venous isotope infusion and arterial blood
      sampling.

PMID- 3354661
TI  - VIP and its homologues increase vascular conductance in certain endocrine and
      exocrine glands.
AB  - The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and related structural
      homologues on tissue vascular conductances were investigated in anesthetized male
      rats. VIP, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), secretin, growth hormone-releasing
      factor (GHRF), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), or saline was infused
      intravenously over 4 min. Tissue blood flows were measured during this time by
      use of 141Ce-labeled microspheres. Regional blood flows were normalized for any
      change in mean arterial blood pressure during infusions, and results were
      expressed in terms of tissue vascular conductance (C). Circulating thyrotropin
      (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) levels were determined before
      and at 20 min and 2 h after treatment. Marked increases in thyroid, pancreatic,
      and salivary gland vascular Cs occurred during peptide infusions with the order
      of potency (VIP greater than PHI greater than secretin greater than GHRF greater
      than GIP) correlating with the degree of structural homology to VIP. PHI and
      secretin produced maximal increases in vascular Cs, which were the same as those
      obtained with VIP. Circulating TSH, T3, and T4 levels were not different from
      values in saline-infused rats after peptide treatments that caused striking
      increases in thyroid vascular C. In the adrenal, kidney, and testis, VIP and its
      homologues had little to no effect on vascular Cs. We subsequently measured
      regional vascular Cs during VIP infusions in the presence or absence of
      secretin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354663
TI  - Effect of norepinephrine on consumption of oxygen in perfused skeletal muscle
      from cold-exposed rats.
AB  - The effect of norepinephrine on the consumption of O2 was studied in the skeletal
      muscle in the perfused hindlimbs of rats that had been kept at 4 degrees C for 5
      25 days. 1) Basal rates of consumption of O2 and release of lactate were not
      affected by exposure to cold. 2) The stimulation of consumption of O2 by
      norepinephrine increased in the perfused hindlimbs of rats exposed to cold for 10
      25 days, with a maximum stimulation at 20 days. The response to norepinephrine
      decreased markedly in hindlimbs perfused with propranolol or phentolamine.
      Phenylephrine, in the presence of 0.5 nM isoproterenol, stimulated the
      consumption of O2 at concentrations as low as 0.5 microM, with a maximum at 5
      microM, in hindlimbs from the group exposed to cold for 20 days. 3) Ouabain
      inhibited the stimulation of consumption of O2 by norepinephrine. Norepinephrine
      caused a net release of K+ in control muscle but a net uptake of K+ by muscle
      from the group exposed to cold for 20 days. The results suggest that the
      calorigenic responsiveness to norepinephrine increases in skeletal muscle during
      acclimation of the rat to the cold, both alpha- and beta-adrenergic actions are
      involved in the calorigenic effects of norepinephrine, and the increased activity
      of the Na+-K+ ATPase under the influence of norepinephrine may be involved in the
      calorigenic action of norepinephrine on the skeletal muscle of cold-acclimated
      rats.

PMID- 3354662
TI  - Arginine metabolism in wounds.
AB  - Arginine metabolism in wounds was investigated in the rat in 1) lambda
      carrageenan-wounded skeletal muscle, 2) Schilling chambers, and 3) subcutaneous
      polyvinyl alcohol sponges. All showed decreased arginine and elevated ornithine
      contents and high arginase activity. Arginase could be brought to the wound by
      macrophages, which were found to contain arginase activity. However, arginase was
      expressed by macrophages only after cell lysis and no arginase was released by
      viable macrophages in vitro. Thus the extracellular arginase of wounds may derive
      from dead macrophages within the injured tissue. Wound and peritoneal macrophages
      exhibited arginase deiminase activity as demonstrated by the conversion of
      [guanido-14C]arginine to radiolabeled citrulline during culture, the inhibition
      of this reaction by formamidinium acetate, and the lack of prokaryotic
      contamination of the cultures. These findings and the known metabolic fates of
      the products of arginase and arginine deiminase in the cellular populations of
      the wound suggest the possibility of cooperativity among cells for the production
      of substrates for collagen synthesis.

PMID- 3354664
TI  - Diabetes and low Ca-P diet have opposite effects on adult and fetal bone mineral
      metabolism.
AB  - The effect of diabetes on maternal bone mineral metabolism and fetal
      mineralization was studied in nonpregnant and pregnant BB rats fed two diets
      (0.85% calcium-0.7% phosphorus and 0.2% calcium-phosphorus). Non-pregnant female
      diabetic rats had normal total bone mineral content (BMC), despite decreased
      trabecular bone volume density (TBVD). Nondiabetic rats on the low calcium
      phosphorus diet showed decreased TBVD, signs of increased bone turnover, and
      decreased BMC; plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] was increased and
      urinary calcium excretion was decreased. A similar response was observed in
      diabetic rats with a further decrease in TBVD. Nondiabetic 21-day pregnant rats
      on high and low calcium-phosphorus diets had higher 1,25(OH)2D3 than nonpregnant
      rats (98 vs. 58 and 328 vs. 147 pg/ml, respectively). Maternal BMC did not change
      during pregnancy but was decreased by the low calcium-phosphorus diet; fetal
      mineral content was not influenced by the low calcium-phosphorus regime. No
      increase in 1,25(OH)2D3 was observed in pregnant diabetic rats (57 vs. 52 and 112
      vs. 128 pg/ml in high and low calcium-phosphorus diet groups). Fetal
      mineralization was severely impaired in diabetes but was not further decreased by
      the low calcium-phosphorus diet. Thus nonpregnant diabetic rats respond normally
      to a low calcium-phosphorus diet, but pregnant diabetic rats do not show
      increased 1,25(OH)2D3 levels due to impairment of fetal mineralization.

PMID- 3354665
TI  - 1,25(OH)2D3 and Ca-binding protein in fetal rats: relationship to the maternal
      vitamin D status.
AB  - The autonomy and functional role of fetal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]
      were investigated in nondiabetic and diabetic BB rats fed diets containing 0.85%
      calcium-0.7% phosphorus or 0.2% calcium and phosphorus and in semistarved rats on
      the low calcium-phosphorus diet. The changes in maternal and fetal plasma
      1,25(OH)2D3 were similar: the levels were increased by calcium-phosphorus
      restriction and decreased by diabetes and semistarvation. Maternal and fetal
      1,25(OH)2D3 levels were correlated (r = 0.80; P less than 0.001). The vitamin D
      dependent calcium-binding proteins (CaBP9K and CaBP28K) were measured in multiple
      maternal and fetal tissues and in the placenta of nondiabetic, diabetic, and
      calcium-phosphorus-restricted rats. The distributions of CaBP9K and CaBP28K in
      the pregnant rat were similar to that of the growing rat. The increased maternal
      plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in calcium-phosphorus-restricted rats were associated
      with higher duodenal CaBP9K and renal CaBPs, but placental CaBP9K was not
      different. In diabetic pregnant rats, duodenal CaBP9K tended to be lower, while
      renal CaBPs were normal; placental CaBP9K was decreased. No significant changes
      in CaBP levels were observed in fetuses of low calcium-phosphorus diet rats or
      fetuses of diabetic rats. The results indicate that in the rat fetal 1,25(OH)2D3
      depends on maternal 1,25(OH)2D3 or on factors regulating maternal 1,25(OH)2D3.
      The lack of changes in fetal CaBP in the presence of altered fetal plasma
      1,25(OH)2D3 levels confirms earlier data showing that 1,25(OH)2D3 has a limited
      hormonal function during perinatal development in the rat.

PMID- 3354666
TI  - Calculation of substrate flux using stable isotopes.
AB  - The use of stable isotope tracers to calculate substrate kinetics in humans is
      favored over the use of radioactive isotopes because of their greater safety and
      versatility. However, potential complications not met when dealing with
      radioactive tracers are caused by 1) the natural occurrence of the stable isotope
      used as a tracer and 2) the necessity to administer the tracer in an amount that
      cannot be treated as "massless." We therefore found it desirable to derive a
      theoretically valid equation for calculating the rate of appearance, Ra, of a
      substrate under steady-state conditions using a stable isotope tracer. This
      theoretically valid equation yields results that differ from those of the
      equations conventionally used to calculate (endogenous) Ra in steady state.
      Quantitative determination of the error in one of these equations revealed that
      for tracers commonly used in metabolic studies the error is negligible, whereas
      the error made in the other equation is likely to be quite high in commonly
      encountered situations. Finally, to allow for proper use of different definitions
      of isotopic enrichment that have arisen from practical considerations, we use the
      results derived above to determine valid equations for Ra appropriate to the two
      prevalent definitions.

PMID- 3354667
TI  - Evaluation of the isotopic equilibration between lactate and pyruvate.
AB  - When an isotopic tracer is infused for the purpose of determining the rate of
      turnover or oxidation of a substrate, it is assumed that the resulting isotopic
      enrichment by the tracer will reflect the kinetics of only the pool of interest.
      However, this may not be the case when carbon-labeled lactate is infused, since
      rapid isotopic exchange with the intracellular pyruvate and alanine pools could
      potentially occur. Therefore we have determined the extent of isotopic exchange
      occurring during the infusion of [3-13C]lactate into six anesthetized dogs. In
      the steady state, pyruvate enrichment was 91 +/- 2.2% (means +/- SE) of the
      lactate enrichment, and alanine enrichment was 81 +/- 3.3% of the pyruvate
      enrichment and 72 +/- 2.6% of the lactate enrichment. In contrast, when [3
      13C]alanine was infused (n = 2), pyruvate (and lactate) enrichment was 9.9% of
      the alanine enrichment. We therefore conclude that there is rapid isotopic
      equilibration between lactate and pyruvate but that interaction with alanine
      reflects the true metabolic flux rates, rather than isotopic exchange.
      Consequently, lactate kinetics, as traditionally determined, more accurately
      reflect whole body pyruvate kinetics.

PMID- 3354668
TI  - Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans.
AB  - Although numerous clinical studies have proved that impaired rectal sensation is
      a major factor in fecal continence dysfunctions, objective studies in this field
      are still lacking. To provide information on normal rectal afferents, a study of
      cerebral potentials evoked by mechanical stimulation of the rectal wall was
      carried out in 10 healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female; age, 33-52 yr). The
      stimulating device consisted of a rectal balloon rhythmically inflated and
      deflated by means of an animal breathing ventilator. Recordings were obtained 2
      cm behind the vertex (C'z, International system 10-20). The responses were
      averaged from 300 to 800 sweeps. The average was triggered either on inflation
      ("on effect") or on deflation ("off effect"). Inflation volume and pressure were
      adjusted to induce a clear but not painful pulsing sensation. Reproducible
      responses were recorded by both on and off effects. The evoked potentials were
      polyphasic with a succession of positive and negative waves (peak latencies
      between 78 and 310 ms). The shape of the response (morphology, latency, and
      amplitude) was perfectly reproducible in the same subject. With regard to
      intrasubject reproducibility, variability was displayed: only the early waves
      (latency less than 100 ms) were perfectly reproducible; late waves exhibited
      variable latency and morphology. The present findings are the first demonstration
      of the possibility of recording an evoked potential on the scalp after a
      mechanical stimulation of the rectum.

PMID- 3354669
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of 5-lipoxygenase products in ethanol-induced
      intestinal plasma protein loss.
AB  - In this study we investigated whether the products of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) were
      involved in the jejunal microvascular injury induced by intraluminal ethanol
      (ETH). A group of rabbits was given orally a selective inhibitor of 5-LO (L
      651,392, Merck Frosst Canada) in two 10-mg doses, 24 and 2 h before the
      experiments (treated group). Another group received no such treatment (untreated
      group). In each animal of both groups, a jejunal segment was perfused with a
      control solution (control segment) and an adjacent segment with an ETH-containing
      (6% wt/vol) solution (ETH-perfused segment). In a series of experiments, we
      measured 5-LO activity of the jejunal segments of both groups using the
      generation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) as an index. In a second series of
      experiments, we determined the ETH-induced intraluminal protein loss, which was
      taken as a measure of mucosal microvascular damage. In the untreated group, LTB4
      generation (pg/mg tissue) by the ETH-treated segment (2.49 +/- 0.70) was higher
      (P less than 0.005) than that by the control segment (0.68 +/- 0.14). In the
      treated group, the LTB4 generation decreased (P less than 0.05) both in the
      control (0.15 +/- 0.03) and the ETH-perfused segments (0.44 +/- 0.09), but the
      difference between the two segments still remained significant. ETH caused a 13
      fold increase (P less than 0.01) in jejunal protein loss in the untreated group
      but only a 5-fold increase (P less than 0.05) in the treated group. The ETH
      induced increase in protein loss was significantly lower in the treated than in
      the untreated group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354670
TI  - Contractile effects of manganese on taenia of guinea pig cecum.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine Mn as a contractile agent in its own
      right in the absence of extracellular Ca and after the depletion of Ca from
      agonist-releasable stores. The results show that isolated strips of taenia coli
      depolarized by high-K, Ca-free solution will contract when Mn is present.
      Similarly, carbachol will evoke contractions in tissues incubated in Ca-free, Mn
      containing solutions. In addition, it seems possible to stimulate contraction by
      releasing Mn from an agonist-releasable intracellular store in the absence of
      extracellular Ca and Mn. Therefore the possibility exists that cations employed
      as Ca antagonists may in fact support contraction.

PMID- 3354671
TI  - Ethanol-induced increase in portal blood flow: role of adenosine.
AB  - The mechanism by which ethanol induces an increase in portal vein blood flow was
      studied in rats using radiolabeled microspheres. Ethanol (2 g/kg) by gavage
      resulted in an increase of 50-70% in portal vein blood flow. The ethanol-induced
      increase in portal blood flow was suppressed by the adenosine receptor blocker 8
      phenyltheophylline [ethanol, 61.8 +/- 4.1 ml.kg-1.min-1; ethanol + 8
      phenyltheophylline (0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1), 44.2 +/- 2.0 ml.kg-1.min-1; P less than
      0.05]. By itself, 8-phenyltheophylline (0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1) was without effect on
      cardiac output or portal blood flow. Adenosine infusion resulted in a dose
      dependent increase in portal blood flow with a maximal effect at a dose of 0.17
      mg.kg-1.min-1 (control, 41.3 +/- 2.3; adenosine, 81.7 +/- 8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1; P
      less than 0.05). This adenosine-induced increase in portal blood flow was
      inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline in a dose-dependent manner [adenosine, 81.7 +/-
      8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1; adenosine + 8-phenyltheophylline (0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1), 49.8 +/-
      6.6 ml.kg-1.min; P less than 0.05]. Both alcohol and adenosine significantly
      reduced preportal vascular resistance by 40% (P less than 0.02) and 60% (P less
      than 0.01), respectively. These effects were fully suppressed by 8
      phenyltheophylline. It is concluded that adenosine is a likely candidate to
      mediate the ethanol-induced increase in portal vein blood flow. It is suggested
      that an increase in circulating acetate and liver hypoxia may mediate the effects
      of alcohol by increasing tissue and interstitial adenosine levels.

PMID- 3354672
TI  - Preparation and characterization of viable epithelial cells from rabbit distal
      colon.
AB  - A preparation of viable epithelial cells, suitable for transport studies, was
      prepared from rabbit distal colon. Enzymatic digestion of scraped mucosa
      liberated a population of intact colonic glands that were dissociated into cells
      by gentle agitation in culture medium. Metabolism of [14C]glucose was constant
      over 2 h and was inhibited 70% by 1 mM ouabain. Cells were loaded with the
      trapped, pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2'-7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)
      carboxyfluorescein acetoxy methyl ester and leaked 0.1% of the dye per minute.
      Cell pH was 7.21 +/- 0.03 (SE) (n = 15) in pH 7.4 Ringer medium. Intracellular
      potassium concentration, as measured by a nigericin null-point technique, was 128
      +/- 8 mM. Plasma membrane potential measured with the potential-sensitive
      fluorescent dye 3,3-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide was -52 +/- 2 mV. Recovery
      of intracellular pH in acid-loaded cells occurred after exposure to sodium
      containing medium and was inhibited by 5 x 10(-4) M amiloride. It is concluded
      that viable epithelial cells can be prepared from rabbit distal colon with
      relative simplicity and in high yield. These cells are suitable for measurement
      of intracellular pH and membrane potential and are thus a convenient model system
      for study of colonic cell physiology.

PMID- 3354673
TI  - Temperature dependence of high-affinity CCK receptor binding and CCK
      internalization in rat pancreatic acini.
AB  - 125I-labeled cholecystokinin (CCK) binding and internalization were studied as a
      function of temperature in isolated rat pancreatic acini. At 37 degrees C, acini
      readily bound and degraded 125I-CCK. When labeled hormone binding was inhibited
      by increasing amounts of unlabeled CCK, competition-inhibition curves were
      biphasic, consistent with both high- (Kd, 18 pM) and low-affinity (Kd, 13 nM)
      binding sites. At 4 degrees C, acini bound only one-third as much 125I-CCK and
      degradation was essentially abolished. At 4 degrees C, CCK competition curves
      were consistent with a single class of low-affinity binding sites (Kd, 19 nM).
      Internalization of 125I-CCK was evaluated by three washing procedures utilizing
      acid, base, and trypsin. All were shown to remove membrane-bound 125I-CCK, and
      this finding was validated for trypsin by electron microscope autoradiography.
      After 1 h at 37 degrees C, washing showed 67% of bound 125I-CCK to be
      internalized and autoradiography showed 54% to be internalized. At 4 degrees C,
      internalization of bound CCK was greatly reduced but not abolished. When
      internalization of 125I-CCK was evaluated as a function of the medium
      concentration of CCK, both high- and low-affinity components were observed. These
      results suggest that high-affinity CCK binding and CCK internalization are
      separate temperature-sensitive processes. Moreover, internalization is not
      uniquely associated with high-affinity binding.

PMID- 3354674
TI  - Electrical behavior of myenteric neurons in guinea pig distal colon.
AB  - Intracellular recording was used in vitro to analyze electrophysiological
      properties of neurons in myenteric ganglia of guinea pig distal colon. The
      neurons were classified into six types based on their electrical behavior. Type 1
      colonic neurons discharged action potentials throughout depolarizing current
      pulses and were otherwise similar to S/type 1 neurons found in the guinea pig
      small bowel. The second type had passive and active electrical properties similar
      to those of AH/type 2 myenteric neurons of the small intestine. These cells
      discharged only a single spike at the onset of depolarizing current pulses, and
      the spikes were followed by long-lasting hyperpolarizing afterpotentials.
      Excitability of the type 2 neurons was enhanced in the presence of elevated Mg2+
      and reduced Ca2+, and the spikes were unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Type 3 colonic
      neurons showed fast synaptic potentials but did not generate action potentials.
      The majority of neurons were referred to as type 2 colonic neurons. Type 4
      neurons discharged single action potentials only at the onset of depolarizing
      current pulses, and the spikes were not followed by prolonged hyperpolarizing
      afterpotentials. Unlike type 2 neurons, excitability remained unchanged in the
      presence of reduced extracellular Ca2+ and elevated Mg2+. Action potentials of
      type 4 neurons were suppressed or abolished by tetrodotoxin. A group of
      spontaneously active neurons was classified as type 5 colonic neurons. Type 6
      cells were inexcitable and assumed to be glial cells.

PMID- 3354675
TI  - Digestive motor patterns and transit of luminal contents in canine ileum.
AB  - In the present study ileal motor patterns caused by orally administered
      noncaloric and nutrient meals were investigated. Effects of nutrients were
      additionally elucidated by an ileal infusion of nutrients. Conscious dogs
      equipped with closely spaced extraluminal transducers were used. Motor patterns
      were quantified by a computerized method. Transit rates were measured
      fluoroscopically. Compared with the motor pattern caused by the noncaloric meal,
      the nutrient meal diminished the number of contractions from 11.7 to 5.9/min,
      reduced the incidence of contraction waves from 70.8 to 39.4%, shortened the
      length of contraction spread from 4.0 to 1.4 cm, and slowed the transit rate from
      18.4 to 3.2 cm/min. Ileal infusion of nutrients induced a motor pattern similar
      to that of the nutrient meal. The transit rate correlated with the length of
      contraction spread (r = 0.75), the ratio between contraction waves and stationary
      contractions (r = 0.77), and the number of contractions (r = 0.69). The length of
      contraction spread was the most characteristic feature of motor patterns and the
      most important factor influencing transit.

PMID- 3354676
TI  - An autoradiographic study of regional distribution of gastric mucosal blood flow.
AB  - Iodo[14C]antipyrine autoradiography was used to measure gastric mucosal blood
      flow in anesthetized rats and to study regional distribution. Blood flows of 61
      +/- 8 ml.100 g-1.min-1 (means +/- SE) in corpus and 84 +/- 9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 in
      antral mucosa compared well with previously reported measurements by hydrogen
      clearance. Blood flow in the crests of corpus mucosal folds was significantly
      higher than in the valleys between folds, indicating that the greater
      susceptibility of the former areas to acute injury, documented in several
      studies, is not associated with a perfusion defect in the resting stomach. Corpus
      mucosal blood flow was also higher in the side walls of the stomach than in the
      greater curvature region, and in distal than in proximal locations. No systematic
      regional variations within antral mucosa were demonstrated.

PMID- 3354677
TI  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance in isolated perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied to measure
      phosphorus energy metabolites in isolated perfused rat pancreas. The gland was
      perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution at room temperature (25 degrees
      C). 31P resonances of creatine phosphate (PCr), ATP, ADP, inorganic phosphate
      (Pi), and phosphomonoesters (PMEs) were observed in all the preparations of
      pancreas. In different individual preparations, the resonance of PCr varied, but
      those of ATP were almost the same. The initial levels of PCr and ATP in
      individual preparations, however, remained almost unchanged during perfusion with
      the standard solution for 2 h. When the perfusion was stopped, the levels of ATP
      and PCr decreased, while the levels of PME and Pi increased. At that time, the Pi
      resonance shifted to a higher magnetic field, indicating that the tissue pH
      decreased. On reperfusion, the tissue levels of phosphorus compounds and the
      tissue pH were restored to their initial resting levels. Continuous infusion of
      0.1 microM acetylcholine caused marked and sustained increases in the flow of
      pancreatic juice and protein output. During the stimulation the tissue levels of
      phosphorus compounds remained unchanged, while the tissue pH was decreased
      slightly (0.05 pH unit).

PMID- 3354678
TI  - Giant migrating contractions of the canine cecum.
AB  - We investigated cecal motor activity and its coordination with ileal and colonic
      motor activities in five conscious dogs instrumented with strain-gauge
      transducers. Both ileum and colon exhibited the usual migrating motor complexes
      (MMCs) that were independent of each other. Cecum had no motor complexes, but it
      periodically generated giant migrating contractions (GMCs) that originated at the
      apex and migrated to the cecum-colonic junction at a velocity of 13 +/- 1.3
      cm/min. The amplitude of cecal GMCs was 1.82 +/- 0.26 and 3.37 +/- 0.39 times
      larger than that of contractions during ileal and colonic motor complexes,
      respectively (P less than 0.05). The mean duration and period of cecal GMCs were
      45 +/- 4 s and 61.4 +/- 14.2 min, respectively, in the fasted state and 49 +/- 6
      s and 68.5 +/- 13.5 min in the fed state, respectively (P less than 0.05). A
      total of 82 cecal GMCs was recorded in 71 h of fasted recording and 94 in 121 h
      of fed recording. Cecal GMCs were not coordinated with colonic MMCs. Intravenous
      motilin, but not morphine, initiated a premature cecal GMC. We concluded that
      cecum has a unique motor activity that is different from that of the colon and
      the ileum. The strong caudad GMCs of the cecum may periodically empty cecal
      contents into the colon.

PMID- 3354679
TI  - Kinetics of hepatic alanine uptake and urea synthesis in pigs.
AB  - The kinetics of hepatic alanine uptake and urea synthesis in relation to sinusoid
      alanine concentration was investigated in seven anesthetized pigs weighing 63 kg,
      using liver vein catheterizations. Each experiment consists of four steady-state
      periods of 40 min with alanine concentrations in the range of 0.4-27 mmol/l. The
      process rates were measured as the products of transhepatic concentration
      gradients and hepatic blood flow rate, determined by indocyanine green. The data
      suggest that both processes follow saturation kinetics, that there exists a
      sinusoidal concentration of alanine below which net removal is limited, and that
      urea synthesis consists of two components: one alanine independent and one
      depending on alanine concentration according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The
      kinetic parameters were estimated iteratively by the maximum likelihood method.
      The maximum rate of alanine uptake was 1.13 +/- 0.74 mmol.min-1.kg liver wt-1
      (mean +/- SD), the alanine concentration resulting in half-maximum alanine uptake
      rate was 1.69 +/- 0.99 mmol/l, and the removal-limiting alanine concentration was
      0.27 +/- 0.09 mmol/l. The maximum rate of urea-N synthesis was 1.49 +/- 0.87
      mmol.min-1.kg liver wt-1, the alanine concentration resulting in half-maximum
      urea-N synthesis rate was 2.32 +/- 1.11 mmol/l, and the alanine concentration
      independent urea-N synthesis rate was 0.13 +/- 0.10 mmol.min-1.kg liver wt-1.

PMID- 3354680
TI  - Isolation and characterization of populations of mature and immature rat
      colonocytes.
AB  - A nonenzymatic method is described for the isolation of viable populations of
      mature and immature rat colonocytes. Histology was used to monitor colocyte
      dissociation and to systematically characterize the amount of cross-contamination
      between populations of mature luminal cells and immature crypt cells. The mature
      colonocytes were 87 +/- 9% pure with respect to contamination from cells from the
      lower half of the colonic crypt, and the immature populations were 98% pure with
      respect to contamination with cells from the upper half of the colonic crypt.
      Neither population contained significant numbers of cells from the lamina
      propria. Cell viability and synthetic function were maintained for 10-12 h in
      short-term culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 1.59 +/- 0.01-fold higher
      in the mature cells than in the immature cells, and in vivo [3H]thymidine
      incorporation was 2.9 +/- 0.4-fold greater in the immature than the mature
      populations. Immature colonocytes synthesized protein in vitro at a rate of 2.5
      +/- 0.4-fold higher than the mature cells, whereas fucoprotein synthetic rates
      and the secretory products were comparable in the two populations. Cell surface
      iodination revealed that the major iodinatable cell surface proteins were common
      to both cell populations. These studies demonstrate that highly enriched
      populations of mature and immature rat colonocytes that maintain viability and
      synthetic function in short-term culture can be prepared. The intrinsic rate of
      protein synthesis is higher in immature colonocytes, and a shift to synthesis of
      a higher percentage of fucoproteins occurs during colonocyte differentiation. In
      contrast to results in the small intestine, only modest gradients of
      differentiation markers and cell surface protein expression were observed between
      mature and immature colonocytes.

PMID- 3354681
TI  - Effect of aging on intestinal absorption of aromatic amino acids in vitro in the
      rat.
AB  - Whole-thickness everted jejunal rings were used to measure uptake of L-tyrosine
      (L-Tyr), L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), and L-tryptophan (L-Trp) in 6-, 12-, and 24-mo
      old rats. The rate of uptake of all three amino acids (1 mM) was significantly
      reduced after 20 min of incubation in 24-mo-old compared with 6-mo-old rats.
      Results of influx (2 min) of 0.5-40.0 mM L-Phe and L-Trp suggested an increased
      affinity but decreased capacity for the transporter with age; these differences
      were significant for L-Trp (P less than 0.05). Respective values for apparent Kt
      and Vmax were the following: L-Phe 6-mo-old rats, 5.46 mM and 1.03 mumol.g-1.2
      min-1; 24-mo-old rats, 2.54 mM and 0.51 mumol.g-1.2 min-1; L-Trp 6-mo-old rats,
      5.09 mM and 0.38 mumol.g-1.2 min-1; 24-mo-old rats, 3.20 mM and 0.25 mumol.g-1.2
      min-1. Values for 12-mo-old rats fell in between the other two age groups.

PMID- 3354682
TI  - Contraluminal transport systems in the proximal renal tubule involved in
      secretion of organic anions.
AB  - The transport of organic anions in the proximal tubule occurs primarily through
      the epithelial cells. This process involves movement across both the luminal and
      contraluminal membranes via specialized transport systems. Although some of the
      organic anions are taken up into the cell from the lumen, they can also be
      accumulated in tubule cells from the interstitial compartment by a variety of
      transporters. The relative affinities of anions for the different luminal and
      contraluminal transporters in concert with their conjugate driving forces
      determine the net directional movement, i.e., organic anion absorption or
      secretion. By use of the approach of stopped-flow microperfusion, it has been
      possible to characterize the contraluminal anion transporters in the rat. The
      following three different systems have been identified: 1) an exchange system for
      sulfate and oxalate; 2) a cotransport system for Na+ and dicarboxylates; and 3)
      an exchange system (the so-called p-aminohippuric acid transport system) for
      hydrophobic anions and long-chain fatty acids. By use of a wide variety of
      different analogues, the substrate specificities for these different systems were
      determined. Substrates with two negative ionic charges or with one negative ionic
      charge and one or more negative partial charges interact with all three systems,
      depending on the distance between the two charged groups. Polyhalogenated
      substrates are preferred by the dicarboxylate system. Those substrates which
      interact only with the p-aminohippurate transport system possess a hydrophobic
      area and one negative ionic charge or two negative partial charges.

PMID- 3354683
TI  - Vasoconstrictor-induced changes in renal blood flow: role of prostaglandins and
      histamine.
AB  - The role of histamine (H) and prostaglandins (PGs) in the renal vasoconstriction
      prompted by a 10-min intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine (NE, 0.2 micrograms),
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH, 10 mU), or angiotensin II (ANG II, 0.05 micrograms)
      was evaluated in anesthetized dogs (amounts are per min per kg). Renal blood flow
      (RBF, flow probe) decreased four- to fivefold during the 1st min of infusion with
      each agonist but then gradually returned toward base line. This "escape" was
      greatest with ADH, less with NE, and small with ANG II. There was a postinfusion
      reactive hyperemia (RH) only after NE; NE-RH was 4.26 +/- 0.75 (SE) ml/g.
      Meclofenamate (MFA) reduced NE-RH to 60 +/- 11% of control and decreased NE
      escape. The H1-receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CP), decreased NE-RH to 24
      +/- 5% of control and reduced NE escape. MFA slowed, but did not block, ADH
      escape and had little effect on ANG II escape. CP did not affect ADH or ANG II
      escape. The histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, p-toluenesulfonohydrazine, did not
      affect NE escape but decreased NE-RH to 22 +/- 6% of control. Bolus injections of
      ADH during a constant infusion of the hormone were not vasoactive, indicating a
      tachyphylaxis-like phenomenon; this was not found with ANG II or NE. Finally, the
      excretion of histamine-like material increased from a control value of 0.69 +/-
      0.08 to 1.28 +/- 0.28 micrograms/min during NE-RH. These results indicate that NE
      releases histamine and PGs from the kidney and that PGs account, primarily, for
      NE escape, whereas histamine accounts, primarily, for NE-RH.

PMID- 3354684
TI  - Influence of sodium balance on urinary excretion of immunoreactive kinins in
      rats.
AB  - Antibodies against bradykinin (BK) and its metabolites, namely des-Arg9-BK and
      des-Phe8,Arg9-BK were raised in rabbits, and specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) for
      these peptides were developed. Specificity studies showed that each RIA was
      specific for its antigen, since the cross-reactivities of various kinin-related
      peptides were less than 1.5%. The lowest concentration of peptide that could be
      measured in these assays was approximately 60 pg/ml. The antibodies were used to
      measure concentrations of BK and its metabolites in urine and kidneys of rats
      maintained on different sodium balance for 5 wk. The results showed that normal
      rats excrete low quantities of BK (63.78 +/- 2.98 ng/day, 88 determinations). The
      urinary excretion of des-Arg9-BK averaged 77.69 +/- 5.53 ng/day, whereas the
      amount of des-Phe8,Arg9-BK is equal to 7.13 +/- 0.42 ng/day. Sodium loading
      brings about a small decrease in the concentration of BK (45.57 +/- 2.36 ng/day,
      76 determinations), whereas sodium depletion significantly increased the
      excretion of BK (94.23 +/- 5.50, 102 determinations, P less than 0.01)
      accompanied by no modification of the excretion of metabolites. Regression
      analysis of the results showed a positive correlation between urinary volume and
      BK in control and sodium-loaded animals and urinary BK and sodium in the sodium
      loaded group. In kidney homogenates, sodium depletion increased not only the
      concentration of BK (10-fold) but also that of des-Arg9-BK and des-Phe8,Arg9-BK
      by a factor of four and two, respectively, when compared with normal and sodium
      loaded animals. These results support the hypothesis that the renal kallikrein
      kinin system may be regulated by corticosteroids.

PMID- 3354685
TI  - Effect of direct increases in renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure on sodium
      excretion.
AB  - This study examined the effect of increases in renal interstitial hydrostatic
      pressure (PI) on sodium excretion (UNaV) utilizing a direct technique for
      increasing renal interstitial volume. PI was increased by renal interstitial
      volume expansion (RIVE) via injection of 50 microliters of a 2% albumin in saline
      solution into the renal interstitium through a chronically implanted interstitial
      catheter. RIVE resulted in a stable increase in PI (4.6 +/- 0.4 to 9.4 +/- 0.8
      mmHg) that was sustained over a 30- to 40-min period without significant changes
      in renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate. Increases in PI were
      associated with significant increases in urine flow (13.8 +/- 3.4 to 31.7 +/- 5.0
      microliters/min) and UNaV (2.3 +/- 0.6 to 6.2 +/- 1.1 micro eq/min) and
      fractional excretion of Na (2.6 +/- 0.8 to 6.9 +/- 1.5%). To determine the
      importance of albumin in maintaining an elevated PI, the effects of renal
      interstitial injections of saline were compared with albumin in saline solution.
      Injection of 50 microliters of saline into the renal interstitium had no
      sustained effect on PI. Injection of 2% albumin in saline solution in the same
      group of rats resulted in significant elevations in PI and UNaV. These data
      indicate that direct increases in PI via renal interstitial volume expansion
      result in significant increases in UNaV, thus supporting a role for PI in
      controlling UNaV.

PMID- 3354686
TI  - Transport of salicylate in proximal tubule (S2 segment) isolated from rabbit
      kidney.
AB  - The secretory and reabsorptive transport of salicylate was studied in the
      isolated and perfused rabbit proximal tubule (S2 segment). Salicylate secretion
      (Jb----lsal) fulfilled the criteria for a carrier-mediated transport system: Jb--
      -lsal was saturable, was reversibly inhibited by probenecid, and occurred against
      a concentration gradient. The Km and Vmax for this secretory transport were 80
      microM and 3,200 fmol.min-1.mm-1, respectively. At luminal pH of 7.4 and 6.6,
      salicylate reabsorption (Jl----bsal) was low (100 fmol.min-1.mm-1). Jl----bsal
      was stimulated by increasing the bath PCO2 or by removing basolateral HCO3-; Jl--
      -bsal was inhibited by ethoxyzolamide and by SITS in the bath. Our results
      indicate that salicylate reabsorption depends on H+ secretion, consistent with
      reabsorption by simple nonionic diffusion. When salicylate was present in the
      lumen only, Jl----bsal increased after inhibition of the secretory transport by
      adding ouabain or probenecid in the bath or by lowering the bath temperature.
      These results are compatible with luminal recycling of salicylate, and suggest
      the presence of a mediated secretory transporter located at the luminal membrane.

PMID- 3354687
TI  - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in the setting of acute renal hypoperfusion.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to assess interactions between acute renal
      hypoperfusion and aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. One hour of renal hypoperfusion
      (55-60 mmHg; renal blood flow 1.6 +/- 0.13 ml/min) was created in rats by
      suprarenal partial aortic constriction. Gentamicin, 120 mg/kg, was given at the
      start of the hypoperfusion period. Rats that either received gentamicin alone or
      were subjected to hypoperfusion alone served as controls. Hypoperfusion alone
      induced mild S3 proximal tubular brush-border membrane blebbing, but it caused no
      enzymuria, azotemia, or tubular necrosis. Gentamicin alone induced no azotemia or
      tubular necrosis. However, gentamicin injected during hypoperfusion caused severe
      azotemia (blood urea nitrogen 94 +/- 16; creatinine 1.74 +/- 0.22 mg/dl) and
      extensive S3 proximal tubular necrosis without affecting renal perfusion. S1 and
      S2 tubular segments, the major targets of gentamicin toxicity, showed minimal
      damage. Hypoperfusion increased renal gentamicin uptake, but matching it in
      control rats induced no renal damage. In conclusion, gentamicin can precipitate
      hypoperfusion-induced acute renal failure. This effect appears to be due to an S3
      cytotoxic effect, which converts sublethal ischemic S3 tubular injury into overt
      cell necrosis.

PMID- 3354688
TI  - Suppression of AVP release by drinking despite hypertonicity during and after
      gestation.
AB  - Water drinking suppresses arginine vasopressin (AVP) release before changes in
      tonicity or volume. To further characterize this oropharyngeal neuroendocrine
      reflex, we took advantage of ongoing studies of osmoregulation in pregnancy as
      follows: five women studied serially in early (8 +/- 1 wk, mean +/- SD) and late
      (32 +/- 3 wk) pregnancy and 8-10 wk postpartum were slowly infused with
      hypertonic saline for 150 min while drinking water to satiety (drinking started
      at 120 min). Plasma osmolality (Posmol) at 120 min was increased (277 +/- 3 to
      291 +/- 2, 280 +/- 6 to 295 +/- 5, and 287 +/- 1 to 307 +/- 1 mosmol/kg in 1st
      and 3rd trimesters and postpartum; P less than 0.01), accompanied by increments
      in plasma AVP (PAVP) up to 7 +/- 5, 5 +/- 3, and 8 +/- 3 pg/ml, respectively (P
      less than 0.01). PAVP declined as soon as drinking began (P less than 0.01 at 5
      min), despite maintenance of peak osmolality for another 30 min. Similar events
      were recorded in three males. Calculation of normal disappearance rates (t1/2)
      demonstrated that AVP levels decreased more rapidly (P less than 0.01) in the 3rd
      trimester compared with early pregnancy and postpartum. Two other subjects became
      nauseated during their 1st trimester and postpartum tests which permitted
      comparison of nausea and drinking which evoke central reflexes with opposing
      action on AVP release. PAVP, which had increased markedly (range 17-42 pg/ml; P
      less than 0.01), was not abolished by drinking. These data demonstrate the
      potency of the drinking reflex on osmoregulation in pregnant and nonpregnant
      subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354690
TI  - Measuring right ventricular volumes.

PMID- 3354689
TI  - Time course of proximal tubule response to acute arterial hypertension in the
      rat.
AB  - Acute hypertension was previously shown to cause partial inhibition of proximal
      tubule fluid reabsorption in perfused tubules in the rat. If the inhibition also
      occurs in unobstructed tubules receiving native glomerular filtrate, hypertension
      should increase end proximal flow rate despite autoregulation of glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR). We tested this prediction with a videodensitometric method
      recently developed for measurement of tubular flow rate that does not interrupt
      flow to the macula densa. Hypertension was induced by increasing total peripheral
      resistance in rats receiving several hormones at rates designed to maintain high
      levels of these agents. End proximal flow rate was increased 18% as early as 1.5
      2 min following the induction of hypertension and increased over the course of
      the next 25-30 min to reach values 50% greater than controls as the hypertension
      was sustained. Whole-kidney GFR and renal blood flow were fully autoregulated.
      The results confirm that hypertension increases the fluid load to the loop of
      Henle, and are consistent with an effect on proximal tubule fluid reabsorption.
      This increase in fluid load could signal the macula densa and contribute to the
      efficacy of autoregulation; it could also provide a significant fraction of the
      increased fluid and salt excretion of pressure natriuresis.

PMID- 3354691
TI  - Rapid in vivo determinations of instantaneous right ventricular pressure and
      volume in dogs.
AB  - We have developed a method for measuring in vivo canine right ventricular (RV)
      volume at a frequency of 60 Hz. In six dogs (17-22 kg), under pentobarbital
      anesthesia, 18 radiopaque markers were surgically implanted in the RV myocardium
      to maximally represent the RV shell. The xyz-coordinates of the markers were
      obtained from biplane cineradiographic recordings. RV volume was calculated from
      the polyhedron created by the markers by decomposing the polyhedron into 24
      tetrahedrons, each of whose volumes could be solved from the xyz-coordinates of
      markers. RV volume was obtained each 16.7 ms, permitting detailed representation
      if RV volume dynamics. RV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection
      fraction averaged 41.3 +/- 10.9, 23.0 +/- 5.8, and 0.44 +/- 0.05 ml,
      respectively. By simultaneously measuring RV pressure, RV pressure-volume loops
      were constructed that demonstrated that RV ejection occurred without significant
      isovolumic contraction, although isovolumic relaxation occurred at end systole.
      RV systolic elastance was determined in two dogs by imposing four levels of RV
      afterload. Maximal systolic elastance averaged 4.14 mmHg/ml under control
      conditions and 9.20 mmHg/ml during dobutamine infusion.

PMID- 3354692
TI  - Beta-adrenergic control of resistance in individual vessels in rabbit tenuissimus
      muscle.
AB  - The microvascular responses to topically applied isoproterenol and to epinephrine
      in the intact and beta-adrenoceptor-blocked microcirculation were studied in the
      rabbit tenuissimus muscle by direct intravital microscopy. The main feeding
      arterioles in this muscle supply two vascular areas, the muscle capillaries and
      the adjacent connective tissue. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol
      and epinephrine dilated the transverse arterioles that supply muscle and
      connective tissues, whereas their first-order side branches (terminal
      arterioles), which only supply the muscle capillaries, were little affected. Flow
      measurements were made at two different sites in the transverse arterioles to
      determine the relative changes in muscle capillary flow and connective tissue
      flow. These measurements showed that beta-adrenergic stimulation caused a
      fractional redistribution of microvascular blood flow from the muscle tissue
      proper to the adjacent connective tissue.

PMID- 3354693
TI  - Quantification of arteriolar density and embolization by microspheres in rat
      myocardium.
AB  - We developed a technique for in vitro determination of arteriolar densities.
      Hearts, obtained from anesthetized rats and perfused by the Langendorff method,
      were fully dilated with adenosine and were arrested with an elevated potassium
      concentration. After a stabilization period, the hearts were perfused with a
      buffered fixative for some minutes to obtain a nonvital vasculature. After
      fixation, perfusion was switched back to control for some minutes. The hearts
      were then perfused with a medium containing a low concentration of microspheres:
      either pollen grains [Urtica dioica (15.4 microns), Betula (23.5 microns), or
      Phleum pratense (36.5 microns)] or polystyrene microspheres (15 microns). The
      perfusion was switched back to the standard medium after flow had been reduced to
      between 83 and 57% of control flow. Microscopic observations of microsections
      revealed that the percentages of arterioles embolized by one microsphere were 64%
      for the 15.4-microns, 74% for the 15-microns, 78% for the 23.5-microns, and 72%
      for the 36.5-microns microspheres. The percentages of arterioles embolized with
      two microspheres were 20, 15, 15, and 16%, respectively. The arteriolar densities
      were calculated from the total fractional reduction in coronary flow, the amount
      of microspheres injected, the wet heart weight, and the degree of occupancy,
      which corrects for the multiple embolization of the arterioles. The arteriolar
      densities in the rat hearts were 162.4 +/- 54.9 mg-1 (N = 6) for polystyrene
      microspheres of 15 microns, 161.5 +/- 81.1 mg-1 (N = 15) for 15.4-microns
      microspheres, 31.6 +/- 7.8 mg-1 (N = 9) for 23.5-microns microspheres, and 13.0
      +/- 2.4 mg-1 (N = 8) for 36.5-microns microspheres.

PMID- 3354694
TI  - Integration of heart rate and sympathetic neural effects on AV conduction.
AB  - Sympathetic activation increases heart rate (HR) and reduces atrioventricular
      interval (AVI), whereas atrial pacing alone increases AVI. We sought to
      differentiate the direct effects of sympathetic activation on atrioventricular
      (AV) conduction time from the indirect changes associated with concurrent
      alterations in HR. We recorded electrocardiograms, blood pressure (BP), and
      intracardiac electrograms from chloralose-anesthetized autonomically
      decentralized dogs. Beat-by-beat HR and AVI data were collected continuously.
      Sympathetic stimulation (0.25-2.5 Hz; mean 0.81 Hz) resulted in a HR change of
      +60 beats/min after 60 s. This tachycardia was associated with a mean decrease in
      AVI of 22 ms. Computer-driven atrial pacing to reproduce the HR associated with
      control sympathetic stimulation caused a mean AVI increase of 10 ms. Propranolol
      (200 micrograms) was then administered via the sinoatrial node artery and
      sympathetic stimulation repeated. Although HR remained constant, AVI decreased by
      14.8 ms. The AVIs associated with an identical HR achieved by two different
      mechanisms (sympathetic stimulation and atrial pacing) were significantly
      different. Although removal of the contribution of sympathetically induced HR
      changes on AV conduction might be expected to result in potentiation of neural
      effects at the AV node, none was evident. Thus sympathetic activity restricted to
      the AV node is less effective in influencing AV conduction than the response that
      occurs when HR changes occur concurrently. Therefore, the opposing actions of HR
      and sympathetic tone on AV conduction may not be predicted by a simple linear
      relationship.

PMID- 3354695
TI  - Effect of afterload resistance on end-systolic pressure-thickness relationship.
AB  - The influence of afterload resistance on the end-systolic pressure-thickness
      relationship (ESPTR) was assessed in six isolated canine left ventricles made to
      eject into a simulated arterial system. An increase of simulated peripheral
      resistance from 1.5 to 6.0 mmHg.s.ml-1 resulted in a modest but significant shift
      of the ESPTR upward and to the right, indicating augmented contractile
      performance. A relationship between the extent of systolic wall thickening and
      end-systolic performance was also observed: increased wall thickening impairing
      and decreased wall thickening enhancing end-systolic performance. The dependence
      of end-systolic performance on wall thickening history in this setting is
      consistent with shortening deactivation. This phenomenon appears to account at
      least in part for the observed shift in the ESPTR with altered afterload
      resistance.

PMID- 3354696
TI  - Dissociation of hypoxia-induced calcium gain and rise in resting tension in
      isolated rat hearts.
AB  - When isolated hearts are perfused with substrate-free hypoxic buffer for
      prolonged periods of time, resting tension and tissue Ca increase. These two
      events may be interrelated. Isolated rat hearts were used to establish whether
      the hypoxia-induced increase in tissue Ca can be dissociated from the rise in
      resting tension. Tension generation was inhibited at the start of hypoxic
      perfusion by adding 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM, 30 mM). In other experiments
      the Ca2+ in the hypoxic buffer was reduced from 1.3 to 0.1 mM. After 30-120 min
      of hypoxia, ventricular muscle was assayed for ATP, creatine phosphate, Ca, and
      Na, and the perfusion defect was established. Resting tension was recorded before
      and throughout the hypoxic perfusion. Sixty minutes of perfusion with 1.3 mM Ca2+
      glucose-free hypoxic buffer caused the tissue Ca to increase (P less than 0.01).
      Resting tension increased by 7.9 +/- 0.6 g (P less than 0.01). Sixty minutes of
      perfusion with 0.1 mM Ca2+ glucose-free hypoxic buffer failed to cause an
      increase in tissue Ca, but resting tension increased (P less than 0.01). During
      perfusion with glucose-free hypoxic buffer containing 2.6 mM Ca2+ and 30 mM BDM,
      resting tension remained low for up to 120 min, but after 60 min Ca accumulation
      occurred. After 120 min of BDM-hypoxic perfusion, tissue Ca reached 11.8 +/- 0.9
      mumol/g dry wt. With or without BDM, hypoxia caused an early increase in tissue
      Na ahead of any increase in tissue Ca.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354697
TI  - Central blood volume and blood pressure in conscious primates.
AB  - Conscious intact (I) and sinoaortic-denervated monkeys (SAD) were studied to
      determine the extent to which high-pressure receptors contribute to the
      maintenance of arterial blood pressure (BP) when venous return is decreased by
      hemorrhage (H) or lower body negative pressure (LBNP). In the I animals, mean BP
      did not decrease significantly until 5% of the estimated blood volume (EBV) was
      removed, whereas, with sinoaortic denervation, mean BP decreased significantly
      when less than 2% of EBV was removed. Left atrial pressure (LAP) decreased
      similarly in both groups of animals. In the I group during LBNP, mean BP did not
      change significantly, whereas pulse pressure decreased significantly when LBNP
      was decreased to -5 cmH2O. In the SAD animals, mean BP decreased significantly at
      an LBNP of -2 cmH2O, and at -5 cmH2O mean BP declined from 134.1 +/- 4 to 102.7
      +/- 7 mmHg. LAP decreased similarly in both groups of animals. The data support
      the view that a nonhypotensive reduction in venous return unloads arterial
      baroreceptors sufficiently to activate the arterial baroreflex, probably through
      reductions in pulse pressure. In addition, low-pressure receptors by themselves
      do not appear to contribute importantly to blood pressure maintenance when venous
      return is decreased by either LBNP or a nonhypotensive hemorrhage.

PMID- 3354698
TI  - Vasoconstriction is amplified by autoregulation during vasoconstrictor-induced
      hypertension.
AB  - This study investigated the degree to which autoregulation of blood flow
      interacts with vasoconstrictors to determine vascular resistance. Anesthetized
      rats were instrumented with a Doppler flow probe on the superior mesenteric
      artery (SMA) to measure blood flow and for calculation of vascular resistance. An
      adjustable occluder was placed on the SMA to set local perfusion pressure at
      values independent of mean arterial pressure (MAP) even when MAP was increased by
      the vasoconstrictors. Infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II, 50-1,247 ng.kg-1.min-1)
      produced a dose-dependent rightward shift in the intestinal pressure-flow
      relationship and elevated MAP from 85 to 127 mmHg. Low doses of phenylephrine
      (PE, 2.5-12.4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) failed to shift the pressure-flow curve but
      did increase arterial pressure from 83 to 102 mmHg. At higher doses (25-62
      micrograms.kg-1.min-1), PE also shifted the pressure-flow curve to the right.
      Maintaining local perfusion pressure at different values during the infusion of
      ANG II or PE produced a family of dose-response curves, with each exhibiting a
      different maximum change in resistance. When local pressure was permitted to
      increase with MAP, the composite dose-response curve for resistance that was
      obtained reflected the influence of the rise in local pressure (i.e., auto
      regulation) and vasoconstrictor dose. At low doses of PE the increase in vascular
      resistance was attributable solely to an autoregulatory response related to the
      rise in MAP and not due to the constrictor effects of PE. Thus these data
      indicate that the rise in MAP accompanying systemic infusion of a vasoconstrictor
      stimulates autoregulation to amplify the local increase in vascular resistance.

PMID- 3354699
TI  - Effect of experimental heart failure on peripheral sympathetic vasoconstriction.
AB  - To investigate whether heart failure impairs peripheral sympathetic
      vasoconstriction, hindlimb vascular responses to lumbar chain stimulation (0.5-20
      Hz) were studied in normal dogs and in dogs with chronic heart failure produced
      by rapid ventricular pacing. At lumbar chain stimulation rates of 0.5-3 Hz,
      hindlimb vascular responses were comparable in both groups. However, at
      stimulation rates of 5-20 Hz, vascular responses were significantly attenuated in
      the dogs with heart failure. Vascular responses to norepinephrine (0.1, 1, and 10
      micrograms/min) were not altered. These findings suggest that chronic heart
      failure results in impaired sympathetic vasoconstriction, probably because of
      reduced neurotransmitter release. This abnormality may interfere with the
      capacity of the failing circulation to compensate for a low cardiac output and
      thereby intensify the severity of heart failure.

PMID- 3354700
TI  - Norepinephrine effects on fetal cardiovascular and endocrine systems.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) was infused intravenously into near-term chronically
      catheterized sheep fetuses for 30 min. Infusions of 0.39, 1.2, 3.9, 12, and 39
      micrograms/min caused a 1- to 300-fold increase in plasma NE concentration. Fetal
      arterial pressure increased in a dose-dependent manner up to a maximum of 72 +/-
      5% above basal levels at 6-7 min and gradually declined thereafter. Venous
      pressure increased during the four highest infusion rates to a maximum at 6-7 min
      followed by a return toward normal. Fetal blood volume underwent a rapid dose
      dependent decrease by a maximum of 12 +/- 1% during 39-micrograms/min infusions
      of NE. Heart rate initially decreased by up to 40 beats/min during the 3.9-, 12-,
      and 39-micrograms/min infusions, returned to normal within 10 min, and increased
      to 50 beats/min above control by the end of the 30-min infusion. Plasma
      concentrations of arginine vasopressin, epinephrine, and plasma renin activity
      did not change during or after the four lowest infusion rates. Thus fetal
      vascular pressures and blood volume are altered in a dose-dependent manner over a
      broad range of plasma NE concentrations. In addition, NE does not appear to
      affect other circulating vasoactive hormones within its physiological range of
      concentrations.

PMID- 3354701
TI  - Role of platelets in maintenance of pulmonary vascular permeability to protein.
AB  - We examined the role of platelets in maintenance of pulmonary vascular integrity
      by inducing thrombocytopenia in sheep using antiplatelet serum (APS). A causal
      relationship between thrombocytopenia and increase in pulmonary vascular
      permeability was established by platelet repletion using platelet-rich plasma
      (PRP). Sheep were chronically instrumented and lung lymph fistulas prepared to
      monitor pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym). A balloon catheter was positioned in the
      left atrium to assess pulmonary vascular permeability to protein after raising
      the left atrial pressure (Pla). Thrombocytopenia was maintained for 3 days by
      daily intramuscular APS injections. Platelet count decreased from 460,000 +/-
      77,000 to 16,000 +/- 4,000 platelets/microliters, without significant changes in
      the leukocyte count and hematocrit. Studies were made in three groups: 1) control
      sheep having a normal platelet count; 2) thrombocytopenic sheep; and 3) PRP
      infused thrombocytopenic sheep. Elevation in Pla in control sheep increased
      pulmonary transvascular protein clearance (CL) to 12.1 +/- 2.1 ml/h, whereas the
      same Pla elevation in thrombocytopenia increased CL to 24.1 +/- 4.0 ml/h,
      indicating an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability to protein in
      thrombocytopenic animals. Infusion of PRP restored normal permeability, since it
      prevented the increase in CL. In studies using cultured bovine pulmonary artery
      endothelial monolayers, transendothelial permeability of 125I-labeled albumin was
      reduced 50 and 95%, respectively, when 2.5 X 10(7) or 5 X 10(7) platelets were
      added onto endothelial monolayers. However, addition of 5 X 10(6) platelets or 5
      X 10(7) red blood cells did not reduce endothelial monolayer albumin
      permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354702
TI  - Microvascular control of capillary pressure during increases in local arterial
      and venous pressure.
AB  - The extent to which capillary hydrostatic pressure might be protected from
      increases in local arterial and venous pressure was examined in the wing
      microcirculation of unanesthetized pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus). Arterial
      inflow and venous outflow pressures to the wing were elevated using a box
      technique to increase pressure around the body of the animal in steps of 12 mmHg
      between 0 and +60 mmHg for 3-min periods. During this time, hydrostatic pressure,
      diameter, and red cell velocity in single microvessels were continuously
      recorded. All branching orders of arterioles constricted significantly during
      increases in box pressure (Pb), while capillaries and venules dilated. First
      order arteriole and venule pressures increased 1:1 with Pb. Capillary pressures
      increased by only a fraction of Pb up to +36 mmHg, but at higher Pb, the change
      in capillary pressure was equivalent to the change in Pb. Calculations of
      vascular resistance indicate that changes in both pre- and postcapillary
      resistance in this tissue act to prevent increases in capillary pressure during
      moderate, but not during large, increases in arterial and venous pressure.

PMID- 3354703
TI  - On-line measurement of aortic valve ring deformation during the cardiac cycle.
AB  - An electronic device is described for the measurement of relative changes in
      segment length within the aortic valve ring during the cardiac cycle. The
      technique is based on the principle of magnetic induction. A magnetic field
      generated in one coil induces a voltage in another coil. From the amplitude of
      this voltage the strain between both coils can be determined because the strength
      of the magnetic field decreases with distance. In vitro, over a range of 5-25 mm,
      strains less than or equal to 0.20 strain units can be measured with an accuracy
      of 0.008 strain units. The frequency response is 0-150 Hz (-3 dB). By varying the
      generator and receiver assignment at a frequency of 2 kHz and multiplexing the
      signals of six coils, six strains can be measured simultaneously. As an example,
      simultaneous recordings of commissure strains in the aortic valve and left
      ventricular and ascending aortic pressures, as obtained in open-chest dogs, are
      shown.

PMID- 3354704
TI  - A simple method for measurement of left ventricular septal-lateral dimension.
AB  - In studies of myocardial performance of the intact heart, continuous measurement
      of the left ventricular septal-lateral diameter provides useful information. We
      describe a technique for placing a piezoelectric diameter gauge on the left
      ventricular endocardium of the intraventricular septum. This technique is simple
      and relatively atraumatic. It provides a way to evaluate septal-lateral dimension
      in either acute or chronic experiments and produces a stable signal that
      represents the instantaneous septal-lateral dimension of the left ventricle.

PMID- 3354705
TI  - A new fabrication technique for directly coupled transmural cardiac electrodes.
AB  - Many current attempts at electrophysiological elucidation of cardiac arrhythmia
      mechanisms have centered around activation sequence mapping. This is most
      commonly performed with polarized unipolar or bipolar metal electrodes, which,
      because of unstable direct current (DC) base-line potentials, necessitate
      alternating current (AC)-coupled amplification. An ideal nonpolarizable unipolar
      electrode offers unhindered exchange of charge allowing for stable DC recordings
      of biological electrical activity. In addition to activation information, DC
      unipolar recordings enable quantitation of systolic and diastolic potentials,
      other low-frequency phenomena of interest such as repolarization, as well as
      rapid recovery from such rapid extreme potential shifts such as defibrillation.
      Previous attempts to apply nonpolarizable electrodes to transmural cardiac
      investigations required complex wick electrode techniques to prevent mechanical
      movement of the fluid-metal interface when chlorided silver wire was used. We
      have developed a technique to fabricate miniature sintered Ag-AgCl electrodes
      that are mounted at various locations on a 20-gauge stainless steel needle
      permitting stable transmural DC unipolar electrogram recordings in vivo. The
      electrodes are low noise, rugged, sterilizable, and reusable and should prove
      useful in three-dimensional electrophysiological characterization of the heart.

PMID- 3354707
TI  - Altered heart rate-arterial pressure relation during head-out water immersion in
      conscious dog.
AB  - The influence of head-out water immersion (WI) (37 degrees C) on baroreflex
      control of heart rate was studied in five trained, instrumented, conscious dogs.
      Arterial pressure was raised and lowered using occluder cuffs implanted around
      the aorta and inferior vena cava. Function curves relating transmural systolic
      arterial pressure (TSAP = systolic arterial pressure-pleural pressure) to heart
      rate (HR) were constructed to compare responses in air and during WI. The resting
      TSAP in air [142 +/- 8 mmHg (mean +/- SE) at 78 +/- 6 beats/min] increased
      significantly during WI (161 +/- 9 mmHg at 109 +/- 9 beats/min). During WI, the
      saturation TSAP at the bradycardia plateau of the relation increased
      significantly, by 19 mmHg, whereas the average gain (slope) of the relation
      decreased significantly, from -1.426 to -0.752 beats.min-1.mmHg-1. Therefore, WI
      elicits both a resetting and a decrease of the average gain of the TSAP-HR
      relation. The heart rate range increased during WI as well. After cholinergic
      blockade with atropine, WI did not elicit a resetting of the relation and the
      change in average gain was abolished. However, after beta 1-blockade with
      metoprolol, the resting TSAP increased significantly during WI and resetting
      persisted, but the decrease of average gain was abolished. Therefore, the
      alteration of the TSAP-HR relation in WI is achieved via a modulation of both
      adrenergic and cholinergic regulation of HR.

PMID- 3354706
TI  - Placental oxygen transport in sheep with different hemoglobin types.
AB  - To study the effect of genetic differences in the maternal oxyhemoglobin
      dissociation curve on fetal O2 supply, we compared eight pregnant ewes homozygous
      for high O2 affinity hemoglobin (A) with eight pregnant ewes homozygous for low
      O2 affinity hemoglobin (B). Each ewe carried a single fetus. Fetal weights were
      not significantly different (A, 3,000 +/- 170 g; B, 3,070 +/- 270 g). The A ewes
      had significantly higher arterial O2 saturation (95 vs. 89.4%), uterine blood
      flow per kilogram of fetus (464 vs. 374 ml/min), uterine venous O2 saturation
      (78.1 vs. 67.5%), and placental-to-fetal weight ratio (0.107 vs. 0.085). Uterine
      venous PO2 was significantly less in A ewes (41.7 vs. 47.6 Torr), but umbilical
      venous and arterial PO2 and fetal O2 uptake were virtually equal in the two
      groups. We conclude that the difference in O2 affinity between A and B
      hemoglobins is fully compensated for by differences in arterial O2 saturation, in
      the rate of perfusion of the pregnant uterus, and in the degree of PO2
      equilibration between the uterine and umbilical circulations so that the single
      fetuses of A and B hemoglobin carriers have equal levels of oxygenation.

PMID- 3354708
TI  - Effect of selective hepatic vagotomy on plasma FFA levels in resting and
      exercising rats.
AB  - Metabolic effects of a selective hepatic vagotomy (HV) were investigated in
      nonfasted (N) and 24-h fasted (F) rats, at rest and immediately after a 50-min
      exercise period (26 m/min, 0% grade). In nonfasted rats, no significant
      differences between HV and sham-operated (SHM) groups were found in blood
      substrates [free fatty acids (FFA) or glucose], insulin, and muscle glycogen
      levels, either at rest or after exercise. In F rats, liver glycogen was almost
      completely depleted at rest. This depletion was associated with a significantly
      (P less than 0.05) lower plasma FFA concentration at rest in HV compared with SHM
      rats (mean +/- SE, 0.57 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). No differences in FFA
      levels were observed between the same two groups after the exercise period.
      Exercise, however, resulted in a 2.5 times greater glycogen breakdown in the
      soleus muscle of HV compared with SHM rats. Hepatic vagotomy in the F condition
      was also associated with lower resting and exercising insulin concentrations. It
      is concluded that HV, when followed by a 24-h fast, may influence metabolic
      substrate regulation at rest and to a certain extent during exercise. These data
      support the concept of the existence of hepatic glucoreceptors responsive to a
      decrease in liver glycogen content.

PMID- 3354709
TI  - Temperature effects on pH of mitochondria isolated from carp red muscle.
AB  - Mitochondria isolated from red muscle of carp (Cyprinus carpio) were used to
      investigate the effects of temperature and extramitochondrial pH (pHe) on the
      mitochondrial pH gradient and respiratory properties. Mitochondria from animals
      acclimated to 10 degrees C were isolated and incubated in KCl-based media with
      0.2 mM lauroylcarnitine (C-12) as substrate. Maximal respiratory control ratios
      (RCR = state 3/state 4) were 16-18 between pH 6.7 and 7.4 at 10 degrees C; RCR
      values were 9-12 between pH 6.5 and 7.1 at 30 degrees C. Changes in RCR values
      were due primarily to changes in the state 3 rate (in the presence of ADP).
      Mitochondrial pH was determined by measuring 5,5-[2-14C]dimethyloxazolidine-2,4
      dione distribution, using [14C]sucrose as an extramatrical marker. The pH
      gradient was inversely related to pHe. At any particular pHe, the mitochondrial
      pH gradient decreased with increasing temperature. However, if pHe was varied in
      the same manner that intracellular pH changes with temperature in vivo, the pH
      gradient was maintained constant at approximately 0.4 U at 10, 20, and 30 degrees
      C. These data suggest that carp red muscle mitochondria defend an appropriate
      mitochondrial pH gradient with temperature-induced changes in intracellular pH.

PMID- 3354710
TI  - Effect of weaning on accuracy of doubly labeled water method in infants.
AB  - Variations in background 2H and 18O abundances in body water influence the
      accuracy and precision of the 2H218O method for determination of energy
      expenditure. To investigate the effect of weaning during infancy on background 2H
      and 18O abundances, urine samples from 44 breast- or formula-fed infants aged 5
      16 wk were analyzed. 2H and 18O abundances were significantly higher (P less than
      0.001) in breast- than in formula-fed infants. The relationship between 2H and
      18O abundances was linear and independent of diet [slope, 4.16 +/- 0.43 (SE)]. By
      use of this information, the effect of weaning on the accuracy of the 2H218O
      method was evaluated, taking into account the effect of 2H-18O abundances in the
      isotope loading dose. In infants weaned completely from breast milk to formula
      during the measurement, energy expenditure can be overestimated by 18.0%, even if
      2H-18O abundances in the isotope dose equal the ratio of naturally occurring
      background changes. However, this error can be reduced to less than 3.0% by
      manipulating the study duration and isotope dose. During gradual weaning, the
      overestimation of energy expenditure is only 0.3-2.0%.

PMID- 3354711
TI  - Gastric and nongastric mechanisms for satiety action of cholecystokinin.
AB  - The quantitative relationship between cholecystokinin's (CCK) inhibitory actions
      on gastric emptying and feeding was examined in rats. CCK (1, 2, 4, or 8
      micrograms/kg) inhibited both the gastric emptying (determined by the dye
      dilution method) and ingestion of a 0.5-kcal/ml glucose solution in a 30-min
      testing period in 20-h deprived male Sprague-Dawley rats. Comparisons of the
      inhibitions of gastric emptying and feeding across the dose range of CCK revealed
      two components of CCK satiety: one defined by a linear relationship between the
      gastric inhibitory and feeding inhibitory actions of CCK through a dose range of
      1-4 micrograms/kg, which accounted for 64% of the variability in the satiety
      action of CCK, and a second that appeared to be independent of the gastric
      inhibitory action of CCK.

PMID- 3354712
TI  - Osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin during normal menstrual cycle.
AB  - Changes in osmoregulation during normal menstrual cycle were examined in 15
      healthy women. In 10 women, studied repetitively during two consecutive menstrual
      cycles, basal plasma osmolality, sodium, and urea decreased by 4 mosmol/kg, 2
      meq/l, and 0.5 mM, respectively (all P less than 0.02) from the follicular to
      luteal phase. Plasma vasopressin, protein, hematocrit, mean arterial pressure,
      and body weight did not change. In five other women, diluting capacity and
      osmotic control of thirst and vasopressin release were assessed in follicular,
      ovulatory, and luteal phases. Responses of thirst and/or plasma vasopressin,
      urine osmolality, osmolal and free water clearance to water loading, and infusion
      of hypertonic saline were normal and similar in the three phases. However, the
      plasma osmolality at which plasma vasopressin and urine osmolality were maximally
      suppressed as well as calculated osmotic thresholds for thirst and vasopressin
      release were lower by 5 mosmol/kg in the luteal than in the follicular phase.
      This lowering of osmotic thresholds for thirst and vasopressin release, which
      occurs in the luteal phase, is qualitatively similar to that observed in
      pregnancy and should be taken into account when studying water balance and
      regulation of vasopressin secretion in healthy cycling women.

PMID- 3354713
TI  - Effects of exercise, detraining, starvation, and refeeding on lipogenic capacity
      of Osborne-Mendel rat.
AB  - Both starvation and refeeding and exercise and detraining are procedures that
      result in lowered lipid stores followed by their refilling. Rats subjected to
      these procedures were evaluated for their ability to produce hepatic biosynthetic
      reducing equivalents. Five-week-old male Osborne-Mendel rats were exercised on a
      motorized treadmill for 6 wk (final speed 27 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 day/wk) or kept
      sedentary. Exercised and sedentary rats were starved for 48 h or fed ad libitum.
      After treatments, some rats in each group were killed. Remaining exercised
      animals were detrained or detrained and refed. Remaining sedentary rats were
      refed. Activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme were evaluated. Plasma glucose,
      triglyceride, insulin, liver triglyceride, and body composition were determined.
      Results indicate that changes in lipids stores associated with starvation and
      refeeding and exercise and detraining are not associated with similar changes in
      enzyme activity. Starvation resulted in lowered plasma glucose, triglyceride, and
      insulin. Starvation and all exercise treatments resulted in lowered carcass fat.
      Exercised rats who were starved for 48 h and then detrained and refed for 72 h
      had the greatest liver weights and percent liver triglycerides. This was not
      associated with similar changes in enzyme activity. Increased liver lipid and
      decreased carcass fat may indicate a redistribution of lipid stores in these
      animals.

PMID- 3354715
TI  - Epinephrine release from the heart during left stellate ganglion stimulation in
      dogs.
AB  - Plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were measured
      (radioenzymatic assay) in blood samples simultaneously withdrawn from the aorta
      (Ao) and coronary sinus (CS) on 10 anesthetized dogs immediately before and
      during a 1-min period of electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion (4
      V, 4 ms, 10 Hz). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure significantly increased
      in response to electrical stimulation (152 +/- 8 to 180 +/- 15 beats/min and 128
      +/- 12 to 149 +/- 12 mmHg, mean +/- SE; P less than 0.05). Plasma NE
      concentrations were not significantly different in the Ao and the CS (432 +/- 110
      and 319 +/- 67 pg/ml) before the stimulation, whereas a net removal of E was
      present across the myocardium (Ao, 172 +/- 61; CS, 71 +/- 22 pg/ml). A large NE
      spillover in the CS was observed during the stimulation (Ao, 1,555 +/- 513; CS,
      10,583 +/- 3,753 pg/ml). A significant output of E from the myocardium was also
      present (Ao, 165 +/- 42; CS, 291 +/- 74 pg/ml) during the stimulation.
      Determination of NE and E concentrations by high-performance liquid
      chromatography in five of the dogs confirmed the observation made with the
      radioenzymatic assay, i.e., a significant uptake (66%) of blood-borne E was
      present across the myocardium in the control situation (Ao, 320 +/- 97; CS, 110
      +/- 23 pg/ml), whereas plasma E concentrations in the CS (280 +/- 61 pg/ml) were
      1.5 times the values found in Ao (184 +/- 56 pg/ml) under electrical stimulation.
      These observations give further support to the hypothesis that endogenous tissue
      E can act as a cotransmitter of sympathetic fibers.

PMID- 3354714
TI  - Spinally mediated inhibition of abdominal and lumbar sympathetic activities.
AB  - Renal, splenic, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activities were recorded in the
      paralyzed, anesthetized, artificially ventilated, and spinally transected rat.
      Electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus caudal to the spinal
      transection was used to generate stimulus-response curves for changes in
      sympathetic activity in each of the three sympathetic nerves using five stimulus
      frequencies. In all rats, spinal stimulation inhibited sympathetic activity in
      renal and splenogastric nerves by approximately 50%. In grouped data, threshold
      frequency for inhibition of renal and splenogastric sympathetic nerve activity
      was 5 Hz, and inhibitions were maximal (50-60%) at 10 Hz. In contrast, activity
      in the lumbar sympathetic chain was inhibited in only two of five rats, and
      grouped data did not exhibit any statistically significant inhibitions. We
      conclude that lumbar sympathetic activity which remains after spinal transection
      can be inhibited only marginally by spinal stimulation, which substantially
      reduces renal and splenogastric sympathetic activity.

PMID- 3354716
TI  - Regional plasma catecholamine removal and release at rest and exercise in dogs.
AB  - Dynamics of circulating catecholamines (CA) were studied at rest (heart rate =
      104 +/- 3 beats/min) and during mild treadmill exercise (heart rate = 168 +/- 5
      beats/min) in 60 dogs. Plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) removal
      from circulation and release into circulation were estimated from plasma CA
      arteriovenous differences across the regional vascular beds studied (pulmonary,
      myocardial, hepatosplanchnic, renal, and skeletal muscle vascular beds) and from
      regional blood flows. Regional plasma E fractional extraction (PEFE) was used as
      an index of NE removal from plasma. Arterial plasma CA increased significantly
      from rest to exercise (P less than 0.05). A significant PEFE was observed at rest
      and exercise across all studied vascular beds but the pulmonary bed. When plasma
      flow was taken into account, the largest contributors to plasma CA removal were
      the hepatosplanchnic vascular bed at rest and skeletal muscle vascular beds
      during exercise. At rest, the hepatosplanchnic vascular bed was a major
      contributor to the plasma NE pool. During exercise, main contributors to NE
      release into plasma were skeletal muscle vascular beds. Circulating CA kinetics
      did not appear to vary from rest to exercise. Clearance and apparent distribution
      space were estimated to be, respectively, 1.5 l/min and 2 liters for circulating
      E and 2 l/min and 5 liters for NE at rest and exercise. Circulating E and NE half
      times were estimated to be approximately 1 and 1.8 min, respectively.

PMID- 3354717
TI  - Hypothalamic GABA suppresses sympathetic outflow to the cardiovascular system.
AB  - We studied the cardiovascular effects of altering GABA-ergic tone in the
      posterior hypothalamus in rats. Animals were equipped with chronic guide cannulas
      placed in the posterior hypothalamus, arterial and venous catheters, and a
      bipolar electrode on the splanchnic nerve. Microinjected bilaterally into the
      posterior hypothalamus in conscious rats, the postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric
      acid (GABA) antagonists bicuculline methiodide and picrotoxin rapidly increased
      heart rate, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity. Microinjection of the
      GABA agonist muscimol into this same region decreased heart rate, blood pressure,
      and sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rats. In contrast, muscimol infused
      into the posterior hypothalamus of anesthetized rats failed to alter heart rate
      or blood pressure. We conclude that 1) the posterior hypothalamus contains a
      sympathoexcitatory system that is modulated by changes in GABA-ergic tone and 2)
      tonic GABA-ergic inhibition is sufficient to completely suppress the activity of
      this hypothalamic sympathoexcitatory system in anesthetized animals but not in
      conscious rats.

PMID- 3354718
TI  - Living wills, health-care proxies, and the physicians' code of ethics.

PMID- 3354719
TI  - House and psyche.
AB  - The theme of house and dwelling arises in psychotherapy as patients speak about
      their homes. Houses imply issues of containment, safety, entrapment, building,
      and hiding that also pertain to the experience of psychotherapy. This paper looks
      at the theme of dwelling with reference to clinical and literary sources in the
      hope of opening a fertile ground for therapeutic listening.

PMID- 3354720
TI  - Treatment of an abused preadolescent and the role of parental self-reporting.
AB  - This report describes treatment strategies used in the case of child physical
      abuse. It especially focuses on the strategy of encouraging the parents to report
      themselves to the Bureau of Child Welfare (B.C.W.). In so doing, the sense of
      therapeutic alliance, self-esteem, and re-establishment of appropriate parent
      child relationships were enhanced. Furthermore, this flexible therapeutic design
      resulted in the beginning of successful treatment of this family's maladaptive
      interactions.

PMID- 3354721
TI  - The depressive impulse-ridden character and the core borderline personality.
AB  - The depressive impulse-ridden character is differentiated from the more
      pathological core borderline personality by a focus on reality testing, defenses,
      and identity. In accordance with the differentiation, conclusions are drawn
      bringing new understanding to the term borderline personality.

PMID- 3354722
TI  - Techniques in the treatment of multiple personality disorder.
AB  - Multiple personality disorder, once considered to be rare, is being diagnosed
      with increasing frequency in the 1980s. The purpose of this paper is to present
      and discuss twenty techniques used in the treatment of multiple personality
      disorder. The primary treatment is psychotherapy but a number of adjuvant
      interventions are also required. The techniques discussed should be of use to
      therapists and represent a step towards definition of a treatment package for
      controlled trials, of which none have been conducted to date.

PMID- 3354723
TI  - The therapist's therapist.
AB  - The authors present questionnaire data from 509 psychologists, psychiatrists, and
      social workers on their personal treatment experiences. The findings address the
      relative importance of various therapist selection criteria, the professional and
      personal attributes of the chosen therapist, and the nascent trend of seeking
      more female and nonmedical psychotherapists.

PMID- 3354725
TI  - Countertransference and the obese patient.
AB  - Psychotherapy with obese patients requires management of the therapist's feelings
      about obesity. These feelings are multiply determined. Fostering an awareness of
      one's attitudes towards obesity, reviewing countertransference as a source of
      information about the patient, and using countertransference to formulate
      interventions may improve the therapeutic outcome with the obese patient.

PMID- 3354724
TI  - Resistances to learning behavior therapy.
AB  - Resistance to learning about behavior therapy, due to role conflict, model
      conflict, and disparagement, remains high in the mental-health field despite
      growing interest in behavioral methods and mounting evidence of their efficacy.
      Effects of these resistances on training and factors that may mitigate their
      influence are discussed.

PMID- 3354726
TI  - Thirty unresolved psychodynamic questions pertaining to feminine psychology.
AB  - The psychoanalytic view of feminine psychology is rapidly changing. This paper
      organizes and presents thirty areas of currently unresolved questions on this
      controversial topic, as they have appeared in the literature of psychoanalysis
      and psychotherapy beginning with Freud's original publications, for consideration
      for future research, study, and discussion.

PMID- 3354727
TI  - Intermittent brief psychotherapy in an HMO setting.
AB  - In this exploratory study the authors investigate the practice of intermittent
      brief psychotherapy in an HMO setting. It was found that returning patients
      represented 27 percent of the requests for treatment in a four-month period. The
      majority of these patients found previous treatment helpful, and the authors
      hypothesize that for many of these individuals the need for further treatment
      comes about as the result of changes related to problems of normal development or
      problems in coping with significant life transitions.

PMID- 3354728
TI  - Weight x speed) + instability = hazardous trucks.

PMID- 3354729
TI  - Crash involvement of large trucks by configuration: a case-control study.
AB  - For a two-year period, large truck crashes on the interstate system in Washington
      State were investigated using a case-control method. For each large truck
      involved in a crash, three trucks were randomly selected for inspection from the
      traffic stream at the same time and place as the crash but one week later. The
      effects of truck and driver characteristics on crashes were assessed by comparing
      their relative frequency among the crash-involved and comparison sample trucks.
      Double trailer trucks were consistently overinvolved in crashes by a factor of
      two to three in both single and multiple vehicle crashes. Single unit trucks
      pulling trailers also were overinvolved. Doubles also had a higher frequency of
      jackknifing compared to tractor-trailers. The substantial overinvolvement of
      doubles in crashes was found regardless of driver age, hours of driving, cargo
      weight, or type of fleet. Younger drivers, long hours of driving, and operating
      empty trucks were also associated with higher crash involvement.

PMID- 3354730
TI  - Birthweight-specific infant mortality for native Americans compared with whites,
      six states, 1980.
AB  - We used data from the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project to
      compare birthweights and birthweight-specific mortality risks among Native
      American and White infants. Because race categories in NIMS were limited to
      White, Black, and all, we studied six states in which greater than 85 per cent of
      newborns who were neither White nor Black were Native American. In these states,
      the infant mortality risk (IMR) among Native Americans was 15.3 deaths per 1,000
      live births compared with 8.7 deaths among Whites, relative risk (RR) = 1.8 (95%
      CI = 1.5-2.0). The percentage of Native American infants with less than 2,500 g
      birthweights was 5.8 per cent versus 5.0 per cent for White infants. Birthweight
      specific neonatal mortality risks were similar for the two race groups, but
      birthweight-specific postneonatal mortality risks (PNMRs) were more than three
      times as high among Native Americans compared with Whites for infants of greater
      than or equal to 2,500 g birthweight. PNMRs were elevated for most causes of
      death and for all categories for maternal age, educational attainment, trimester
      prenatal care began, and number of previous live births. Leading causes of
      postneonatal death among Native Americans of greater than or equal to 2,500 g
      birthweight were sudden infant death syndrome and infections.

PMID- 3354731
TI  - Estimates of pregnancies and pregnancy rates for the United States, 1976-85.
AB  - After increasing by 9 per cent in the period 1976-80 in the United States,
      pregnancy rates declined by 4 per cent between 1980 and 1984 (from 111.9 to 107.3
      pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years). Between 1984 and 1985, the rate
      rose by less than 1 per cent to 108.2. More detailed data by age and race,
      available only through 1983, indicate that the decline in the 1980-83 period was
      not shared by all age groups. For example, pregnancy rates continued to increase
      for women in their thirties, and teenage pregnancy remained substantially the
      same. In 1983, 61 per cent of all pregnancies ended in live birth, 26 per cent in
      induced abortion, and 13 per cent in fetal loss. Pregnancy rates in that year
      were two-thirds higher for women of races other than White than for White women,
      and pregnancies of other-than-White women were more likely to terminate as an
      induced abortion or fetal loss. However, White teenagers and teenagers of other
      races were about equally likely to have their pregnancy end in induced abortion
      or fetal loss.

PMID- 3354732
TI  - Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in the 1980s.
AB  - The incidence of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) and characteristics of VBAC
      births are investigated using 1980-85 National Hospital Discharge Survey Data
      collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. Only 3.4 per cent of
      mothers with previous cesarean delivery had VBAC in their subsequent 1980
      delivery; this increased to 6.6 per cent in 1985. Because VBAC is a relatively
      infrequent event, 1980-85 data were combined and indicate that in this period 4.9
      per cent of mothers with previous cesarean had a vaginal birth in their
      subsequent delivery. Combined 1980-85 VBAC rates are under 10 per cent for all
      age, race, marital status, region, hospital size, hospital ownership, and
      expected source of payment groups. Between 1980 and 1985, over 1.4 million repeat
      cesareans were performed for mothers having a live birth. Evidence suggests that
      potentially over 500,000 of these repeat cesareans could have been VBACs (over
      and above the 74,000 VBACs which occurred). VBAC mothers' mean length of hospital
      stay is 3.2 days, which compares closely with 3.0 days for other vaginal
      deliveries, but both contrast sharply with 5.6 days for repeat cesareans and 6.0
      days for primary cesareans. Except for the uterine scar from the previous
      cesarean, VBAC mothers appear to have about the same history and frequency of
      complications as mothers with other vaginal deliveries. If the 500,000 repeat
      cesareans had been VBACs, surgical fees and costs for 1.2 million days of
      hospital stay would have been averted over the 1980-85 period.

PMID- 3354734
TI  - Breast self-examination: improving competence and frequency in a classroom
      setting.
AB  - We conducted a prospective study of 459 women to determine if a one-session class
      in breast self-examination (BSE) can improve competence and frequency. Women who
      attended the class were randomly assigned to one of two groups. We assessed three
      areas of competence of BSE in one group immediately before the class, in the
      other group immediately after the class, and in both groups at follow-up one year
      later. Of the 459 women who attended the class, 286 returned for the one-year
      follow-up. All three areas of competence measured showed significant improvement
      in the group tested immediately after the class compared with the group tested
      just before the class. Competence scores at the one-year follow-up remained twice
      as high as those before the class although there was a decrease in competence
      from just after the class. Younger women proved more competent in performing BSE
      than did older women. At one year, participants further reported performing BSE
      nearly twice as often as before the class. We conclude that competent BSE can be
      learned and frequency of BSE can be increased from a one-session class.

PMID- 3354733
TI  - Past and present preferred prescribing practices of hormone replacement therapy
      among Los Angeles gynecologists: possible implications for public health.
AB  - Usual prescribing strategies of hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal
      women by Los Angeles area gynecologists, both now and 10 years ago, were
      investigated by a mail survey. Of the 330 gynecologists who responded, estrogen
      therapy is currently used as a routine by nearly all (95 per cent), for women
      both with and without a uterus. Over three-fourths of these physicians favor use
      of 0.625 mg of conjugated equine estrogen. The estrogen is combined with cyclic
      progestin therapy, usually 10 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate, by 86 per cent
      of gynecologists using estrogen for women with a uterus, and by 47 per cent for
      women without a uterus. Although conjugated equine estrogens were used widely for
      both groups of patients 10 years ago, a higher dose generally was preferred. Use
      of progestin therapy was uncommon (less than 20 per cent) for any postmenopausal
      patients at that time. Although the most common monthly therapeutic regimen for
      estrogen/progestin therapy is estrogen for days 1-25 and progestin for days 16
      25, there is wide variation in prescribing strategies. We present these findings
      in the context of the probable effects of estrogen/progestin therapy on various
      chronic disease outcomes.

PMID- 3354735
TI  - Promoting breastfeeding at a migrant health center.
AB  - A program to promote breastfeeding was introduced at a migrant health center in
      North Carolina. Strategies for promoting breastfeeding as a feeding method
      particularly suited to the migrant lifestyle were identified and implemented.
      Donated layettes were used to encourage attendance of prenatal patients at a
      class on breastfeeding. Women planning to breastfeed were given cards to alert
      the delivering hospital of their intention. These hospitals were provided with
      bilingual flipcharts to use in communicating with non-English speaking patients.
      Of the 158 women who came to the center for one or more prenatal visits, 101
      attended a class or received individual counseling on breastfeeding; during this
      13-month period, 52 per cent of 64 women who attended the class were
      breastfeeding at time of their hospital discharge (Mexican-Americans 60%, Black
      Americans 44%). In a comparison of similar ethnic distribution, the corresponding
      rate was 10%.

PMID- 3354736
TI  - Studying patterns of cancer care: how useful is the medical record?
AB  - Records of hospital inpatients were abstracted for 5,000 newly diagnosed cancer
      patients admitted in 1982-83 to 17 Comprehensive Cancer Centers and 17 Community
      Hospital Oncology Programs. Generally available data items (silent record rate
      less than 5 per cent for the typical institution) included: age, race, sex, dates
      of hospitalization, zip code of residence, pathological stage, dates of biopsy
      and surgery, numbers of nodes examined and positive, certain diagnostic
      procedures, and some radiotherapy descriptors. For other data items, there was
      enormous variability in completeness and high institution-to-institution
      variation. Record completeness did not differ consistently between comprehensive
      and community cancer centers. We conclude that the hospital patient record is
      useful for tracking the frequency of surgical and related events. However,
      studies of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures should not rely solely on the
      hospital medical record due to the high rates of silent records.

PMID- 3354737
TI  - A comparison of injury date and death date in 42,698 suicides.
AB  - The date of death was compared with the date of injury (the onset of the suicidal
      act) for 42,698 California suicides, 1973-85. Findings revealed 92.6 per cent of
      all California suicides occurred within one day of the injury date. Graphs of
      daily suicides by injury date and by death date displayed essentially identical
      patterns around the holidays, by date of the week, and after publicized suicide
      stories. These findings suggest that the difference between date of death and
      date of injury need not be taken into consideration in the analysis of temporal
      fluctuations, as was previously supposed.

PMID- 3354739
TI  - Repeal of the Massachusetts seat belt law.
AB  - In November 1986, the Massachusetts mandatory seat belt use law repealed in a
      referendum by a 53 per cent to 47 per cent vote. In an anonymous random digit
      telephone survey of 1,046 adults in Massachusetts in summer 1986, while the law
      was in effect, 61 per cent of respondents had said they would vote in favor of
      the law. A post-repeal follow-up of 80 per cent of these persons revealed initial
      supporters and opponents of the law were equally likely to vote, but 15 per cent
      of the summer supporters switched their opinions and voted for repeal, compared
      to only 4 per cent of summer opponents who switched. In addition, a separate
      survey of 167 households that had refused to answer the summer survey indicated
      that survey nonrespondents were more likely to vote against the law than for it.
      Those opposing the law saw it as an infringement on personal liberty and believed
      it was not effective in reducing injury and death.

PMID- 3354738
TI  - Sleep apnea and mortality in an aged cohort.
AB  - In the aged, sleep may be a vulnerable period for death from cardiovascular
      causes. Because of its high prevalence in the elderly, sleep apnea has been
      suggested to be one mechanism contributing to such sleep-related mortality. In
      this study, a cohort of 198 non-institutionalized elderly individuals (mean age
      at entry = 66) were followed for periods up to 12 years after initial
      polysomnography. The mortality ratio for sleep apnea (defined as a Respiratory
      Disturbance Index of over 10 events per sleep hour) was estimated to be 2.7 (95%
      CI = .95, 7.47). Multiple regression with the Cox proportional hazards model
      suggested that cardiovascular death was most clearly associated with age in this
      cohort. These results raise the possibility that "natural" death during sleep in
      the elderly may be associated with specific pathophysiological events during
      sleep.

PMID- 3354740
TI  - 1986 C-sections rise; VBACs inch upward.

PMID- 3354741
TI  - Non-contraceptive estrogen use and the risk of gallstone disease in women.
AB  - We interviewed 102 women, ages 41-74 years who underwent gallstone surgery
      between January 1979 and September 1980, and 98 controls selected from the
      membership files of a large prepaid health care plan in Western Washington, about
      their past use of certain medications, reproductive history, and physical and
      demographic characteristics. The risk of gallstone disease among women who used
      estrogens for at least one year prior to diagnosis of their condition, relative
      to that of other women, was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.65-2.13). Standardization for the
      effects of age, race, obesity, parity, thiazide use, and history of high blood
      pressure did not alter appreciably the estimate of relative risk. Among estrogen
      users, the duration of use was similar in cases and controls. Our findings
      suggest that if non-contraceptive estrogen use is a risk factor for gallstone
      disease (requiring surgery) in women, its effect is very small.

PMID- 3354742
TI  - Cocaine and heroin dependence compared in poly-drug abusers.
AB  - Concerns about cocaine dependence are increasing, in some ways replacing heroin
      as the focus of highest concern. We compared cocaine and heroin dependence by
      levels of cocaine and heroin use in poly-drug users. While dependence indicators
      differed markedly between regular and sporadic users of these drugs, cocaine
      dependence indicators did not differ from heroin dependence indicators.
      Implications of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3354743
TI  - Hair dye use and risk of leukemia and lymphoma.
AB  - Data from a population-based case-control study of incident leukemia and non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma among adult men in Iowa and Minnesota were used to evaluate
      risk associated with hair dye use. The relative risk for ever using hair dyes was
      1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.7) among leukemia patients, and 2.0 (CI
      = 1.3-3.0) among cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There was a suggestion of
      increased risk with extent of hair dye use. Given the widespread use of hair
      coloring products, these observations deserve more detailed evaluation in
      populations where the exposure is relatively common.

PMID- 3354744
TI  - Characteristics influencing informed consent on a congenital malformations
      registry.
AB  - Maryland law requires that all babies born with "sentinel birth defects" be
      reported to the State Department of Health, but mothers may deny consent for
      further contact. Consent was not strongly related to maternal age, race, or self
      reported data on exposures, smoking, and drugs but was much less likely if the
      infant was dead. Selection bias in congenital malformations research may lead to
      underrepresentation of lethal defects, but self-reported data appear to be
      unbiased.

PMID- 3354745
TI  - Optimum cutoff points for biochemical validation of smoking status.
AB  - Selection of cutoff points for tests to validate smoking cessation should take
      account of the prevalence of deception. When the prevalence of deception is
      relatively low, the cutoff points to validate quitting should be relatively high.
      Many studies have used cutoff points that are too low and may have underestimated
      cessation rates. We present a method for determining the best cutoff points that
      takes account of the prevalence of deception.

PMID- 3354746
TI  - Patterns of blood donations among individuals at risk for AIDS, 1984.
AB  - Of 978 respondents to an anonymous questionnaire targeted to reach homosexuals in
      Boston during October 1984, 88 (9 per cent) reported recent blood donation. When
      compared to non-recent donors, high-risk respondents who were recent blood donors
      were younger, less open about their sexual preference, and more likely to obtain
      their information about AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) from television
      and newspapers. These results suggest that particular subgroups of the population
      at risk for AIDS would benefit from expanded educational programs.

PMID- 3354748
TI  - The case for the NEDEL (the no epidemiologically detectable exposure level)

PMID- 3354747
TI  - Toxic shock syndrome: incidence and geographic distribution from a hospital
      medical records reporting system.
AB  - A large database of hospital records maintained by the Commission on Professional
      and Hospital Activities Professional Activity Study (CPHA-PAS) was used to
      estimate the temporal incidence and geographic distribution of toxic shock
      syndrome (TSS). The CPHA-PAS hospital-diagnosed incidence was 3.5 times the
      reported TSS incidence, with a gradual decrease over the time period 1981-83.
      Marked differences in the regional occurrence of cases may provide clues to the
      etiology of this complex disease.

PMID- 3354749
TI  - Multinational hospital growth trends in privatization of health services.

PMID- 3354750
TI  - Associations between cancer and employment.

PMID- 3354751
TI  - Microcystic adenoma (serous cystadenoma) of the pancreas. A study of 14 cases
      with immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic correlation.
AB  - Microcystic adenoma (serous cystadenoma) of the pancreas (MA) is an unusual
      benign tumor of uncertain histogenesis. We have studied 14 cases of MA from 11
      women and three men. The average age at diagnosis was 64 years. Six tumors were
      discovered incidentally. Tumors varied from 2.5 to 12 cm in greatest dimension
      and all were multicystic; eight tumors were located in the pancreatic head, two
      in the body, and three in the tail. Each tumor was composed of variably sized
      cysts lined by simple cuboidal or flattened, focally glycogen-rich epithelium.
      The stroma was variably collagenized and showed highly vascularized, delicate to
      broad fibrous septae, which focally contained dystrophic calcification,
      cholesterol clefts, and hemosiderin. Immunohistochemical studies were performed
      on eight cases to determine the cell of origin. Epithelial membrane antigen and a
      low-molecular-weight keratin, detected by monoclonal antibodies PKK1 or AE1/AE3,
      were diffusely seen in tumor cells of all cases. Tumor cells were uniformly
      negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin, insulin, glucagon,
      somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and a low
      molecular-weight keratin detected by monoclonal antibody PKK2. Tumor cell antigen
      reactivity most resembled that seen in normal centroacinar and ductal cells.
      Electron microscopy of seven cases showed primitive tumor cells with irregularly
      spaced, short, blunt microvilli, luminal occluding junctions and belt desmosomes,
      bundles of filaments including dense bodies in both apical and basal cell
      cytoplasm, sparse organelles, and variable but often pronounced amounts of
      glycogen. These ultrastructural features most closely resembled the normal
      pancreatic centroacinar cell. Based on both immunohistochemical and
      ultrastructural features described above, we conclude that the centroacinar cell
      is the cell of origin of MA.

PMID- 3354753
TI  - Epithelial (true) splenic cysts. Pathogenesis of the mesothelial and so-called
      epidermoid cyst of the spleen.
AB  - Nonparasitic cysts of the spleen are classified as primary or epithelial cysts if
      their inner surface has a cellular lining. Depending upon the pattern of the
      inner surface cell layer, the primary splenic cysts are divided into mesothelial
      or epidermoid subtypes. In order to study their pathogenesis, five epithelial
      splenic cysts (two with mesothelial lining, and three with foci of stratified
      squamous epithelium) were investigated by scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. In places, the squamous epithelium was
      continuous with a flattened mesothelial layer. Furthermore, within the stratified
      epithelium, a continuous spectrum of cytodifferentiation from mesothelial to
      squamous cells was found. Thus, the epidermoid splenic cyst seems to be a variant
      of the mesothelial cyst with focal squamous metaplasia. Rupture of the splenic
      capsule with hemosiderin deposits and infoliation of the mesothelium was seen in
      one case, implying a traumatic genesis. In addition, stoma-like channels
      providing connections between the lumen of the cyst and the sinus of the adjacent
      splenic tissue were detected by scanning electron microscopy. As with other
      cystic lesions, the influx of blood cells and proteinaceous fluid from these
      stomata may contribute to the growth of the cysts, which are usually of
      considerable size when surgically removed.

PMID- 3354752
TI  - Ki-1 positive large cell lymphoma. A morphologic and immunologic study of 19
      cases.
AB  - In this report, we analyze the clinical, morphologic, and immunologic findings of
      19 patients with Ki-1+ large cell lymphoma, a recently described malignant
      lymphoma which is usually of T-cell phenotype. Most patients in this selected
      series of 14 children and adolescents and five adults presented with peripheral
      lymphadenopathy or skin lesions. No patient had bone marrow involvement.
      Distinctive morphologic features of Ki-1+ large cell lymphoma are tumor cell
      pleomorphism, sinus infiltration, fibrosis, partial lymph node involvement,
      sparing of B-cell regions, and a prominent plasma cell infiltrate. Seventy-two
      percent of cases were of T-cell phenotype; the remaining cases expressed neither
      B- nor T-cell-specific markers. Virtually all cases were positive for Ia (HLA
      DR), Tac (interleukin-2 receptor), and T9 (transferrin receptor), indicating that
      this lymphoma is frequently a tumor of activated T-cells. We conclude that a
      diagnosis of Ki-1+ large cell lymphoma should be considered in any pleomorphic
      tumor with the features described in this report.

PMID- 3354754
TI  - Intraoperative cytologic evaluation of lipid in the diagnosis of parathyroid
      adenoma.
AB  - Analysis of intraoperative air-dried imprints or smears of 20 cases of
      parathyroid adenoma revealed that the cells of the parathyroid adenomas did not
      contain extra- or intracellular lipid, but the cytologic material from
      accompanying normal or atrophic parathyroid glands had large amounts of
      intracellular lipid and variable amounts of extracellular lipid. Thus, rapid
      intraoperative cytologic preparation is not only effective in determining whether
      the specimen is parathyroid or not, but also in specifying the nature of the
      individual parathyroid glands. These observations again confirm that
      intraoperative cytologic evaluation of parathyroid tissue is an effective and
      important pathologic consultation method during parathyroid exploration.

PMID- 3354755
TI  - Fibrosarcomatous change in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
AB  - This report describes six patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
      that contained fibrosarcomatous areas (FS). The clinical signs and symptoms, ages
      of the patients, and anatomic distribution of the tumors were similar to those of
      uncomplicated DFSP. FS was concentrated in the subcutis in each case and
      comprised more than 50% of the tumor in four cases. The characteristic storiform
      cellular arrangement of DFSP was replaced by long, gently sweeping fascicles of
      spindle cells that intersected at various angles, forming the so-called
      herringbone pattern. Trapped fat cells, characteristic of DFSP when it
      infiltrates subcutaneous tissue, were absent in five of the six FS and only
      focally present in one. Two FS were grade 1; their cytologic features were
      similar to those of DFSP. Four FS were grade 2 and had cytologic atypia exceeding
      that of DFSP. There was a statistical difference between the mitotic rates of
      DFSP and FS. Five patients were alive and well at the time of last follow-up
      (median, 2 years), and one patient had an unexcised recurrence when last
      examined. Six similar cases from the literature are reviewed; in one of them, the
      FS metastasized.

PMID- 3354756
TI  - Primary intracranial Hodgkin's disease. A case report and discussion.
AB  - We report here a case in which a frontotemporal meningeal tumor was found to be
      an isolated, apparently primary, deposit of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease
      in an otherwise well man. The presentation of Hodgkin's disease as a primary,
      solitary intracranial lesion is rare; only 13 cases have been found in the world
      literature. The histological appearance of the tumor in the present case fulfills
      all the requirements for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease according to
      current criteria of classification; the morphologic diagnosis is supported by
      appropriate immunohistochemical staining of the neoplastic cells for Leu M1 and
      LN2 markers, with absence of staining for the common leucocyte antigen. No
      recurrent local or disseminated disease has been manifest in a 14-month follow-up
      of the patient.

PMID- 3354758
TI  - Back to basics: the language of medicine.

PMID- 3354757
TI  - Persistence of bone resorptions following treatment of renal osteitis fibrosa.

PMID- 3354759
TI  - Renal lymphoma.

PMID- 3354760
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast. An overview.
AB  - With the development of the Breast Care Center in the University of Michigan, we
      experienced over a 4-year period a 1,200% increase in the number of breast
      aspirates received annually in our cytopathology laboratory. During this period,
      as newcomers to breast aspiration cytology, we achieved an 81.4% positive
      diagnosis rate in 161 cases of breast cancer without any false positives. This
      article reviews our experience with fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast
      with particular reference to (a) procurement of specimens, (b) cytopathology of
      benign lesions, (c) cytopathology of malignant lesions, and (d) advantages of the
      procedure.

PMID- 3354761
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy. Applications in the diagnosis of
      lymphoproliferative diseases.
AB  - A review of fine needle aspiration biopsies of lymph nodes was performed to
      determine accuracy and reproducibility among observers for the diagnosis of
      malignant lymphomas and lymphoproliferative diseases and to identify problem
      areas in the diagnosis of lymphomas and lymphoproliferative diseases by this
      biopsy method. Not including cases of carcinoma, 85% of the lymphomas and
      lymphoproliferative processes were correctly identified by seven of eight
      observations from a blind review without clinical information. Four problem areas
      in diagnosis from aspirates were identified: (a) distinction of lymphoid
      hyperplasia from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by relying significantly on polymorphism
      versus monomorphism of the smear pattern; (b) separating undifferentiated
      carcinoma from large cell lymphoma; (c) overinterpreting extensive lymphoid
      polymorphism as Hodgkin's disease; and (d) diagnosing some aspirates of
      granulomatous lymphadenopathy, viral infection, or nodes with extensive necrosis
      as Hodgkin's disease. From the analysis of this series, a programmed approach was
      developed for diagnosing lymph node aspirates. History, physical examination,
      correct performance of the aspiration biopsy, and proper handling of the specimen
      are the four basic elements. Microscopic evaluation includes assessment of
      overall cellularity, pattern of cell arrangement, identification of predominant
      cell type, and background elements.

PMID- 3354762
TI  - Pathogenesis of gastrointestinal infections.
AB  - The normal gastrointestinal tract is constantly "infected" by a large and varied
      microbial population. This normal flora plays a significant role in establishing
      and maintaining the normal state of the digestive tract. Although the digestive
      ecosystem thus constituted has a high degree of stability, some microbes have
      evolved virulence factors or characteristics that allow them to gain a foot-hold
      in the tract. Given the variety of virulence factors found in different
      organisms, gastrointestinal infectious diseases are characterized by a broad
      spectrum of patterns which differ with respect to the relationship between
      microbe and host, i.e., the degree of tissue penetration by the organism. Genetic
      analysis of virulence factors promises to deepen our understanding of the
      pathogenesis of these diseases and to lead ultimately to effective means of
      prevention.

PMID- 3354763
TI  - The role of rectal biopsy in infectious colitis.
AB  - Rectal biopsy has a dual role in the diagnosis of infectious colitis. It can
      usually differentiate acute self-limited colitis (ASLC) from idiopathic
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and it can also sometimes diagnose the specific
      infection in ASLC. Seven histologic features reliably differentiate IBD from
      ASLC: crypt distortion, crypt atrophy, a villous appearance of the surface
      epithelium, epithelioid granulomas, basally located isolated giant cells, basal
      lymphoid aggregates, and a lamina propria infiltrate of both acute and chronic
      inflammatory cells. One or more of these findings is frequent in rectal biopsies
      from patients with IBD, but rare in ASLC. Thus, the diagnosis of ASLC is made by
      the absence of the findings that characterize IBD. The usual histopathological
      picture of ASLC is nonspecific: normal architecture and increased numbers of
      acute inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Certain findings may suggest a
      specific diagnosis. Granulomas may be present in specimens from homosexual men
      with proctitis due to C. trachomatis or T. pallidium. Granulomas are also present
      in schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and yersinia enterocolitica
      infection. Typical viral inclusions can be seen in herpes simplex virus type II
      and cytomegalovirus infections. Specific parasites may be seen in biopsies from
      patients with amebiasis, schistosomiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. Intestinal
      spirochetosis is frequent in male homosexuals.

PMID- 3354764
TI  - Rosetting: a new cytoadherence property of malaria-infected erythrocytes.
AB  - Plasmodium fragile infection of the toque monkey is a natural host-parasite
      association in which parasite sequestration occurs as during P. falciparum
      infection of humans. We have studied parasite sequestration of P. fragile and
      demonstrated the existence of a new property of cytoadherence of infected
      erythrocytes, "rosetting," which is defined as the agglutination of uninfected
      erythrocytes around parasitized erythrocytes. Rosetting in vitro and
      sequestration in vivo appear simultaneously as the parasite matures. The spleen
      plays a role in modulating cytoadherence; both sequestration and rosetting, which
      occur with cloned parasites from spleen-intact animals, are markedly reduced in
      splenectomized animals infected with parasites derived from the same clone.
      Sequestration and rosetting can be reversed by immune serum. Protease treatment
      of infected blood abolishes rosetting; however, if treatment is performed at an
      early stage of schizogony, rosetting reappears if parasites are allowed to
      further develop in the absence of protease. These results indicate that with P.
      fragile in its natural primate host, rosetting and sequestration are related to
      the presence on the infected erythrocyte surface of a parasite-derived antigenic
      component, the expression of which is modulated by the spleen.

PMID- 3354765
TI  - The use of nonradioactive DNA probes for the characterization of Leishmania
      isolates from Peru.
AB  - We describe conditions for dot blot DNA hybridization studies using biotinylated
      kDNA probes from Leishmania. The sensitivity and specificity attained with
      biotinylated or 32P-labeled probes were equivalent. The lower level of detection
      obtained was 100 parasites that were blotted on nitrocellulose paper and then
      treated with Proteinase K. Studies were performed with 112 Leishmania isolates
      from Andean (uta) and sylvatic mucocutaneous (espundia) patients and all were
      determined to belong to the Leishmania braziliensis complex.

PMID- 3354767
TI  - Oltipraz-induced reduction in schistosomal glucose utilization rates.
AB  - The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) was determined by sequential
      pulsing of schistosomes (male and female Schistosoma mansoni) with [3H- and 14C]
      2-deoxy-D-glucose. The relative phosphorylation rate of 2-[3H]-2DG to 1-[14C]-D
      glucose (i.e. the phosphorylation coefficient) was also measured in male and
      female schistosomes. Even though 2DG is taken up more rapidly than glucose, it is
      phosphorylated at a much slower rate in S. mansoni. Mated schistosomes
      phosphorylate 2DG and glucose at a greater rate than do unmated worms. In
      contrast, the phosphorylation coefficient is greater in separated than mated
      schistosomes. In schistosomes exposed to oltipraz for short time periods (6 min,
      at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml) glucose utilization rates were
      significantly reduced in (both mated and separated) female S. mansoni and by a
      similar magnitude (not significant) in males.

PMID- 3354766
TI  - Toxoplasmosis in Panama: a 10-year study.
AB  - We studied the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibody over a 10-year period in a rural
      population of 326 people in Chorrera Province of Panama using the dye test. Fifty
      five seroconversions were found in 108 people at risk, and 48 (87%) in children
      between 2 and 13 years with a mean incidence rate of 8.6% per year. Antibody
      prevalence rose from 25% at 5 years to 50% at 10 years of age, and increased
      gradually, reaching 90% by 60 years. Mean antibody levels after seroconversion
      were 1:6,000 in the dye test; they fell to 1:1,000 after 1 year, 1:800 after 2
      years, 1:200 after 3 years, and 1:333 after 7-9 years. About 10% of antibody
      titers ranged between 1:4 and 1:32. Toxoplasma antibody prevalence was also
      studied in the metropolitan Panama City population using 590 sera collected in
      the fall of 1981. Age-specific incidence rates were similar in the urban and
      rural setting (correlation coefficient 0.71). The number of cats observed in the
      rural area and in the city and the degree of soil contact appeared compatible
      with a hypothesis of transmission by oocysts.

PMID- 3354768
TI  - Characterization of humoral immune response in the serum and bile of patients
      with opisthorchiasis and its application in immunodiagnosis.
AB  - The humoral immune response in patients with opisthorchiasis was investigated
      using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG antibody reactive with
      Opisthorchis viverrini antigens was present in the serum of all patients. The
      infection also stimulated specific IgA and IgE antibody responses in most
      patients and, in practically all patients, there was a marked increase of total
      IgE. There was a moderate but significant correlation between serum IgG antibody
      level and severity of infection as judged from the quantity of eggs in the stool
      of the patients. There was also a significant elevation of antibody in the bile
      and serum of O. viverrini-infected patients who also had biliary obstruction.
      Analysis of paired samples from individual patients showed that while IgG was the
      predominant class of antibody in the serum of all patients, IgA was present at
      approximately the same level as IgG or higher in the bile of many patients. In
      addition to IgA and IgG antibodies, IgE antibody was also detectable in 50% of
      the bile samples. The high level of IgA antibody in the bile together with its
      presence in association with the secretory component suggested a selective
      transport and/or local production of IgA antibody by the hepatobiliary system of
      these patients.

PMID- 3354769
TI  - Human Gongylonema infection in Spain.
AB  - A case of gongylonemiasis in a 31-year-old woman of Granada, Spain, is reported.
      The worm, clearly belonging to Gongylonema genus, could not be identified
      definitively as Gongylonema pulchrum, the species usually described in humans.

PMID- 3354770
TI  - Parasite antigens are present in breast milk of women infected with Onchocerca
      volvulus.
AB  - We used a noncompetitive two-site ELISA with 5 monoclonal antibodies to determine
      whether parasite antigens are present in breast milk from women infected with
      Onchocerca volvulus. Seven out of 13 available milk samples contained significant
      amounts of filarial antigens. Antigen indices in milk correlated with levels of
      microfilarodermia (Rs = 0.74, P less than 0.005). Antigen-containing milk samples
      markedly inhibited mitogen-induced proliferation of human mononuclear cells and
      activated cells within this population that suppressed the proliferative response
      of autologous lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens. These findings indicate that
      parasite products are present in breast milk of O. volvulus-infected women and
      suggest that these may induce immune tolerance and/or suppression in infants born
      of infected mothers.

PMID- 3354771
TI  - Risk factors for infection with Echinococcus multilocularis in Alaska.
AB  - We studied 19 Eskimo patients with alveolar hydatid disease from the north
      western coast of Alaska for risk factors for infection with Echinococcus
      multilocularis. Each case-patient was matched by age and sex with 2 unrelated
      controls who had no clinical or serologic evidence of infection with E.
      multilocularis and who resided in three villages endemic for alveolar hydatid
      disease. Behaviors thought to increase exposure to E. multilocularis and the
      chronologic occurrence of these behaviors in the participant's life were assessed
      by a standardized questionnaire. Case-patients were more likely than controls to
      have owned dogs for their entire lives (odds ratio 6.00, P less than 0.05),
      tethered their dogs near the house (odds ratio 8.50, P less than 0.05), and lived
      in houses built directly on the tundra rather than on gravel or a permanent
      foundation (odds ratio 11.00, P less than 0.01). Case-patients were not more
      likely to have owned sled dogs, trapped or skinned foxes, or engaged in other
      outdoor activities away from home. These findings suggest that controlling the
      parasite in the domestic dog population, as well as controlling the dog
      population itself, are important aspects of preventing alveolar hydatid disease
      in the northwestern Native Alaskan population.

PMID- 3354772
TI  - Mycetoma in the Republic of Niger: clinical features and epidemiology.
AB  - Mycetoma is a common disease in the Republic of Niger. In two hospitals 133 cases
      were observed. The major site of lesions was the foot. Actinomycetomata were seen
      more often than eumycetomata. Streptomyces somaliensis is prevalent in the north
      desert zone while Actinomadura pelletieri is common in the southern part of the
      country. Madurella mycetomatis, the usual etiologic agent of eumycetoma, is seen
      in both regions. The species incidence and distribution in Niger differs from
      those of the west and east African endemic areas.

PMID- 3354773
TI  - The epidemiology of trachoma in southern Malawi.
AB  - A population-based prevalence survey of ocular disease was conducted in the Lower
      Shire River Valley of Malawi in 1983. A total of 5,436 children less than 6 years
      of age and 1,664 persons greater than or equal to 6 years were examined. The
      prevalence of inflammatory trachoma peaked in the 1-2-year-old age group at 48.7%
      and declined rapidly with age to less than 5% by age 15. The prevalence of
      cicatricial trachoma was low in young children and climbed gradually with age to
      greater than 40% among those greater than or equal to 50 years. Risk factors for
      inflammatory disease in young children included low socioeconomic status of the
      family, long walking distance to the household's primary source of water, absence
      of a latrine in the family compound, and presence of trachoma among siblings.
      Indices of crowding practices were not associated with inflammatory disease. An
      apparent inverse association of facewashing and inflammatory trachoma in children
      did not hold up when adjusted for other risk factors.

PMID- 3354774
TI  - Evidence that maternal dengue antibodies are important in the development of
      dengue hemorrhagic fever in infants.
AB  - To establish the role of maternal dengue-specific antibodies in the development
      of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome caused by dengue 2 virus in
      infants, we examined sera from mothers of infants and toddlers with dengue
      hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome and mothers of infants with pyrexia of
      unknown origin. The mean titers of hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization,
      and infection-enhancing activities against dengue 2 virus were not statistically
      different among the three groups. However, among infants who developed dengue
      hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome there was a strong correlation between
      the mothers' dengue 2 neutralizing titers and infant age at the time of onset of
      severe illness, where no such correlation was found among the other two groups.
      Furthermore, the actual age at which dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock
      syndrome occurred in each infant correlated with the age at which maximum
      enhancing activity for dengue 2 infection in mononuclear phagocytes was
      predicted. This critical time for the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic
      fever/dengue shock syndrome was observed to be approximately 2 months after the
      time calculated for maternal dengue 2 neutralizing antibodies to degrade below a
      protective level. In addition, sera of mothers of infants with dengue hemorrhagic
      fever/dengue shock syndrome enhanced dengue 2 virus infection to a slightly
      greater degree than did sera from mothers of infants with pyrexia of unknown
      origin and toddlers with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. These
      data are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal dengue antibodies play a
      dual role by first protecting and later increasing the risk of development of
      dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome in infants who become infected by
      dengue 2 virus.

PMID- 3354775
TI  - Interference to oral superinfection of Aedes triseriatus infected with La Crosse
      virus.
AB  - Aedes triseriatus orally infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of La
      Crosse virus were, at predetermined times post-infection, orally challenged with
      wild type La Crosse or Tahyna virus. Most mosquitoes challenged with wild type La
      Crosse virus within 24 hr of ingestion of the temperature-sensitive virus became
      superinfected. In contrast, the majority of mosquitoes challenged at 72 hr were
      resistant to superinfection. Mosquitoes challenged at 7 days or thereafter were
      refractory to superinfection with La Crosse or Tahyna virus. The onset of
      interference was correlated with virus titer and antigen expression in midgut
      cells.

PMID- 3354776
TI  - Scientific basis of "aggressive traumatology" in lesions of the locomotor system.

PMID- 3354777
TI  - The case for selective cholangiography.
AB  - Seven hundred sixty-five patients were operated on in two hospitals in 1979 and
      1980, 190 of whom were submitted to operative cholangiography, 41 to primary
      common duct exploration, and 534 to neither. The incidence of common duct stones
      was 4 percent in the minimal indications group, 21 percent in the moderate
      indications group, and 91 percent in the maximal indications group. Follow-up of
      5 years revealed 1 recurrence in the minimal group subjected to cholangiography
      and none among the 534 in whom no cholangiogram was obtained. In the period from
      1981 through 1985, eight patients returned with common duct stones, having had no
      common duct stones at the primary operation. In the same period, 1,722 of 2,533
      patients were operated on without cholangiography. The ratio of recurrences to
      primary operations without cholangiography was 1:225 or 0.45 percent. From these
      findings, we conclude that on the basis of cost-effectiveness and insurance
      against subsequent disease and disability, cholangiography is only indicated in
      patients with moderate indications (minimal jaundice, moderately dilated common
      duct, pancreatitis, or an increased serum amylase level). Cholangiography is not
      indicated if there are no indications of obstruction of the common duct by stones
      (as a routine for small stones in the gallbladder, if the cystic duct is patent,
      or if there is an isolated increased serum alkaline phosphatase level).
      Cholangiography is also unnecessary, when the indications of common duct stones
      are maximal (deep jaundice, huge common duct, cholangitis, or palpable stone). In
      our geographic area, intraoperative cholangiography should be selected in 7 to 8
      percent of patients.

PMID- 3354778
TI  - Subclavian-external carotid bypass for symptomatic severe cerebral ischemia from
      common and internal carotid artery occlusion.
AB  - Occlusion of the common and internal carotid arteries in a patient with
      symptomatic severe cerebral ischemia, with or without contralateral carotid
      disease, portends a poor prognosis. The present study has described our
      experience with subclavian and external carotid artery revascularization for
      symptomatic severe cerebral ischemia from common and internal carotid artery
      occlusion. Nine patients (five men and four women) with a mean age of 62 (range
      41 to 82 years) were diagnosed as having symptomatic severe cerebral ischemia.
      All patients had ipsilateral hemispheric symptoms, seven had amaurosis fugax, and
      two had associated syncope. Four patients (three men and one woman) were
      hypertensive, four (two men and two women) had diabetes, eight smoked, and all
      had a history of coronary artery disease. All of the patients had noninvasive
      laboratory studies and preoperative angiography, and three had postoperative
      angiography. Five patients were successfully revascularized to a patent external
      carotid artery despite nonvisualization by angiography. Six patients had
      unilateral and three bilateral occlusion of the common and internal carotid
      arteries appropriate to their symptoms. Using regional anesthesia, four patients
      underwent a subclavian-external carotid bypass with polytetrafluoroethylene;
      saphenous vein was used in five; and three had concomitant axilloaxillary bypass
      grafting with polytetrafluoroethylene. Neurologic improvement (that is, no
      subsequent deficit and no progression of symptoms) was noted in all nine patients
      with a follow-up of 4 to 28 months (mean 11.2 months). Two patients died from
      myocardial infarction 4 and 7 months after operation. Subclavian-external carotid
      artery bypass is a safe addition to the options for the treatment of symptomatic
      severe cerebral ischemia with occlusion of the common and internal carotid
      arteries, visualization of a superior thyroid collateral vessel on the recipient
      end, and nonvisualization of the external carotid artery.

PMID- 3354779
TI  - Comparison of transcutaneous oximetry, vascular hemodynamic measurements,
      angiography, and clinical findings to predict the success of peripheral vascular
      reconstruction.
AB  - The present study examined prospectively the prognostic value of preoperative
      clinical findings, angiography, and conventional vascular hemodynamic and
      transcutaneous oximetry measurements in a consecutive series of patients
      undergoing lower extremity vascular reconstruction. A total of 25 variables were
      independently evaluated in each limb. Follow-up at least 6 months after operation
      was carried out in all patients. The postocclusive transcutaneous oxygen recovery
      time was found to be the most accurate predictor of short-term femoropopliteal
      bypass graft success. Preoperative foot transcutaneous oxygen recovery time
      values were significantly worse in patients whose femoropopliteal bypass grafts
      failed than in those in whom the outcome was successful (p less than 0.03).
      Transcutaneous oxygen recovery time values were also valuable in patients who
      underwent aortofemoral bypass; patients with isolated aortoiliac disease had
      significantly better foot transcutaneous oxygen recovery time values than those
      with combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease (p less than 0.05). Foot
      transcutaneous oxygen recovery time values were also found to correlate well with
      the severity of symptoms (p less than 0.01), as did ankle-brachial Doppler
      pressure indices. Although the other variables analyzed provided useful
      diagnostic information, none were as accurate as the postocclusive transcutaneous
      oxygen recovery time in predicting the outcome of peripheral vascular
      reconstruction. As a means of more accurately classifying patients with
      peripheral vascular disease, we recommend the complimentary use of clinical
      findings, angiography, and hemodynamic and transcutaneous oximetry measurements.
      Because transcutaneous oxygen tension reflects the balance between local oxygen
      supply and demand, it may help to better define risk factors preoperatively in
      physiologic terms.

PMID- 3354780
TI  - Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic dehydration in relation to blood ketone
      body ratio in partially hepatectomized rabbits.
AB  - The ability of the liver to control blood glucose levels was studied in relation
      to the blood ketone body ratio, which reflects the hepatic mitochondrial redox
      state. In partially hepatectomized rabbits, postoperative continuous
      administration of a hyperosmolar glucose solution revealed the following
      findings: (1) The occurrence of glucose intolerance during postoperative
      hypertonic glucose administration was more dependent on the severity of the
      reduced hepatic mitochondrial redox state, as reflected by the blood ketone body
      ratio, than on the size of the liver remnant. (2) Insulin resistance developed
      when the redox state of the liver mitochondria was severely reduced. (3) It was
      very difficult to maintain the blood glucose level within normal range when the
      redox state was severely reduced. In patients, insufficient glucose
      administration can easily result in hypoglycemia, and excess administration can
      result in hyperglycemia, which might, in turn, result in hyperglycemic
      hyperosmolar nonketotic dehydration.

PMID- 3354781
TI  - Selective distal splenorenal shunt versus side-to-side portacaval shunt. Clinical
      results of a prospective, controlled study.
AB  - A prospective, controlled study comparing the clinical results of the selective
      distal splenorenal shunt procedure and the side-to-side portacaval shunt
      procedure was undertaken in 1980. Ninety-three cirrhotic patients with previous
      episodes of bleeding from esophageal varices underwent a distal splenorenal shunt
      procedure (47 patients). The operative mortality rate was 2 percent in both
      groups. The intraoperative decrease of portal hypertension after the portacaval
      shunt procedure was higher than after the distal splenorenal shunt procedure (p
      less than 0.05), and in those with patent shunts, there was a 0 percent incidence
      of early variceal rebleeding after the portacaval shunt procedure compared with a
      9 percent incidence after the distal splenorenal shunt procedure (p less than
      0.05). Both shunts, however, had similarly satisfactory results in preventing
      long-term variceal rebleeding (portacaval shunt 2 percent and distal splenorenal
      shunt 0 percent). Postoperative ascites was more common after the distal
      splenorenal shunt procedure (58 percent versus 24 percent; p less than 0.01).
      Analysis of actuarial survival curves showed no difference between the two
      procedures. The incidences of long-term episodes of chronic encephalopathy were
      not statistically different after both procedures. The only three instances of
      severe encephalopathy occurred in patients with the portacaval shunt (p less than
      0.05). The distal splenorenal shunt also seemed to have a less negative effect on
      postoperative liver function than the portacaval shunt. These data suggest that
      the selective shunt should be viewed as a first choice strategy in the treatment
      of portal hypertension.

PMID- 3354782
TI  - Overinflation of pneumatic antishock garments in the elderly.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of pneumatic antishock garment application in high-risk
      elderly patients were examined in 10 preoperative patients (mean age 66.5 +/- 6.4
      years) with the pneumatic antishock garments uninflated, after 15 minutes of
      inflation to 50 mm Hg, and after 15 minutes of inflation to 75 mm Hg. After
      inflation, significant increases in right atrial pressure (89 percent), pulmonary
      capillary wedge pressure (34 percent), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (21
      percent) were noted. Mean peripheral arterial pressure increased 11.2 percent.
      Depression of the cardiac index (18 percent), left ventricular stroke work (20
      percent), and right ventricular stroke work (16.4 percent) with associated
      increases in total peripheral resistance (26 percent) and pulmonary vascular
      resistance (18 percent) occurred in 5 of 10 patients. Left ventricular function
      curves revealed a progressive decrease in ventricular function at 50 mm Hg and 75
      mm Hg. We have concluded that the effect of the pneumatic antishock garment on
      myocardial function is variable and unpredictably dangerous in the elderly
      patient with diminished myocardial reserve. As no significant benefit was derived
      from inflation pressures greater than 50 mm Hg in these patients, the lowest
      combination of pressures producing the most efficacious results should be used.

PMID- 3354783
TI  - Surgical treatment of ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - A review of postinfarction ventricular septal defects repaired surgically at
      Providence Hospital over the past 6 years is presented. Although this
      complication of myocardial infarction carries a high mortality rate, a lower rate
      can be achieved with early operative intervention. Preoperative pharmacologic
      reduction of preload, afterload, and intra-aortic balloon pumping are only
      temporizing measures to allow delineation of concomitant lesions. Operative
      mortality does not appear to be influenced by posterior location of the
      ventricular septal defects.

PMID- 3354784
TI  - Factors influencing the morbidity of colostomy closure.
AB  - A series consisting of 110 patients who had colostomy closure was studied in an
      attempt to define the role of various factors in causing colon-related morbidity.
      The overall complication rate was 14.5 percent (wound sepsis 11.8 percent and
      anastomotic leak 2.7 percent). Patient age, the underlying pathologic abnormality
      (trauma versus nontrauma), the type of colostomy (loop versus end colostomy), the
      site of the stoma (right side, left side, or transverse), whether a drain was
      inserted or not, and the timing of the operation did not influence morbidity.
      Oral preoperative antibiotics appeared to be associated with less morbidity than
      parenteral antibiotics (p less than 0.01), and experienced surgeons had less
      complications than junior surgeons (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3354785
TI  - Analysis of techniques and results in 347 consecutive colon anastomoses.
AB  - We have reported our experience with 347 consecutive colon anastomoses in 321
      patients seen over an 8 year period. The overall anastomotic failure, mortality,
      and complication rates were 1.4, 2, and 10 percent, respectively, for the entire
      series. The complication and death rates were significantly higher in patients
      whose anastomoses were completed as part of an emergency procedure. Even though
      various one- and two-layer inverting techniques, suture materials, and staples
      were used, we could not identify any one method as being clearly superior in
      preventing anastomotic complications, although the results do suggest that some
      caution may be appropriate before mechanical stapling devices are universally
      applied. The results support that adherence to accepted surgical principles of
      reducing the solid content and fecal flora of the colon prior to operation,
      insuring an excellent blood supply to both bowel ends, even approximation of the
      bowel ends with inverting sutures which include the submucosal layer of the
      bowel, absence of tension, meticulous hemostasis, and avoidance of anastomosis in
      the presence of peritonitis are the primary means of avoiding dehiscence of colon
      anastomoses.

PMID- 3354786
TI  - Effects of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for prevention of postoperative
      deep venous thrombosis with special reference to fibrinolytic activity.
AB  - The mechanism of intermittent pneumatic leg compression for prevention of
      postoperative deep venous thrombosis was investigated. The incidence of
      postoperative deep venous thrombosis was studied using iodine-125 fibrinogen in
      64 patients with malignant disease who had intermittent pneumatic leg compression
      for 48 hours postoperatively. Changes in euglobulin lysis time and B beta 15-42
      peptide were investigated before and after operation in 16 patients with benign
      disease, in 27 patients with malignant disease who did not have postoperative
      intermittent pneumatic leg compression, and in another 29 patients with malignant
      disease who had postoperative intermittent pneumatic leg compression. The overall
      incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 6.25 percent. A prolongation of
      euglobulin lysis time was found postoperatively in all three groups, which was
      significant in malignant disease groups, although less significant in the group
      with intermittent pneumatic leg compression when compared with the benign disease
      group. Preoperatively, a significant increase in B beta 15-42 peptide was found
      in patients with malignant disease when compared with patients with benign
      disease. Postoperatively, the B beta 15-42 level increased in the same pattern in
      all groups and no significant differences in the levels were found among them. A
      significant shortening of euglobulin lysis time by intermittent pneumatic leg
      compression, in addition to its hemodynamic effects, is considered an important
      factor in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3354787
TI  - Retroperitoneal approach to the Warren shunt.
AB  - The Warren shunt, despite its recognized attributes, has several major obstacles
      to gaining widespread acceptance in the surgical community. These include its
      technical difficulty and the increased incidence of postoperative ascites. We
      have begun using a retroperitoneal approach for the performance of this
      procedure, which we believe is technically easier and may lessen postoperative
      ascites. In addition, blood loss, the need for ventilatory support and intensive
      care, and the occurrence of postoperative ileus have all been reduced in our
      experience. Herein, we have reported the details of this approach and discussed
      its major advantages over the classic transperitoneal approach to the distal
      splenorenal shunt.

PMID- 3354788
TI  - A new incision for subfascial ligation of perforating veins in chronic venous
      ulcers of the leg.
AB  - A new incision is described for subfascial ligation of perforating veins in
      patients with chronic venous ulcers of the leg. It avoids the complications
      encountered with the conventional midline posterior approach.

PMID- 3354789
TI  - Endoscopic implantation of iridium wire for treatment of carcinoma of the bile
      duct.
AB  - Primary bile duct carcinoma presents serious challenges in management. These
      tumors are often not completely resectable. They frequently lead to death by
      producing obstruction to bile flow and hepatic failure. Initial operations
      frequently fail because of progression of primary disease. Although bile duct
      carcinomas respond to radiation, technical constraints limit delivery using an
      external beam technique. A number of studies have appeared in the literature
      describing the use of local irradiation delivered by way of catheters placed
      intraoperatively. In the present study, we have described an alternative method
      of implantation using a simple endoscopic technique utilizing a
      choledochojejunocutaneous fistula for access. The advantage of their approach is
      that the extent of the tumor can be determined visually and biopsy performed,
      facilitating accurate implant placement. In addition, serial examinations may
      allow early detection of recurrent disease and fecal retreatment.

PMID- 3354790
TI  - Why is there a need to have a rational process to develop public health policy?

PMID- 3354792
TI  - Arctic research: what, why, how?

PMID- 3354793
TI  - How to develop health policy.

PMID- 3354791
TI  - A/Brazil/11/78 influenza outbreak, St. Paul Island, Alaska.

PMID- 3354794
TI  - The energetics of swimming, running, and walking in exercise prescriptions.

PMID- 3354795
TI  - IgE-mediated reactions.

PMID- 3354796
TI  - IgE and common allergic diseases. Studies on pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of
      late phase reactions.

PMID- 3354797
TI  - Allergen specific monoclonal antibodies: new tools for the management of allergic
      disease.

PMID- 3354798
TI  - [A case of tinnitus treatable by ambulatory masking].

PMID- 3354799
TI  - [Schwannoma of the ventricular band].

PMID- 3354800
TI  - [Extracranial schwannomas of the head and neck. Apropos of 2 cases of schwannoma
      of cervical localization].

PMID- 3354802
TI  - Paediatric postoperative analgesia. A comparison between caudal block and wound
      infiltration of local anaesthetic.
AB  - Fifty children who underwent day case herniotomy received either a caudal
      injection of 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% or infiltration of the wound edges at the
      end of surgery with 0.5 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25%, allocated at random.
      Postoperative pain and demeanour were assessed initially by an observer and later
      by use of a parental questionnaire. Wound infiltration of local anaesthetic
      solution provided analgesia which was comparable to that associated with caudal
      block, and the incidence of side effects was similar in the two groups. Wound
      infiltration of local anaesthetic offers a simple, safe alternative to caudal
      block for provision of postoperative analgesia in this group of patients.

PMID- 3354801
TI  - A single dose epidural technique for caesarean section. A comparison between 0.5%
      bupivacaine plain and 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline.
AB  - An epidural technique based on a fractionated injection through a Tuohy needle of
      20 ml over 10 minutes, was investigated in 40 mothers who underwent elective
      caesarean section. Mothers were randomized to receive either 0.5% bupivacaine
      plain or 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1:200,000. After a 2-ml test dose, the
      remaining 18 ml was injected over 5 minutes. The use of adrenaline did not
      significantly alter the onset or duration, but improved the efficacy of the
      epidural block. Mean time to onset of adequate surgical anaesthesia was 20
      minutes. Only 10 patients required more than the initial 100 mg of bupivacaine.
      Epidural anaesthesia was supplemented in eight patients with nitrous oxide and/or
      intravenous opioids.

PMID- 3354803
TI  - Changes in memory following general or spinal anaesthesia for hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty were anaesthetised using either general
      or spinal anaesthesia. Each patient's memory was tested for both recall and
      recognition by using lists of 10 words each of a different category. This testing
      for memory extended from the pre-operative visit to one week after operation.
      Memory was not tested on the day of operation. There was little overall change of
      memory after either spinal or general anaesthesia although there was an
      inexplicable but significant decrease in the ability to recognize words after
      spinal anaesthesia.

PMID- 3354804
TI  - Acute inversion of the uterus at caesarean section. Implications for the
      anaesthetist.
AB  - Two cases of acute inversion of the uterus that occurred through the uterine
      incision at the time of Caesarean section are described. These represent only the
      sixth and seventh cases reported in the literature at this time. The implications
      for the anaesthetist are discussed.

PMID- 3354805
TI  - Fibreoptic bronchoscopic nasotracheal intubation of a neonate with Pierre Robin
      syndrome.
AB  - A case of nasotracheal intubation using a fibreoptic bronchoscope and the
      Seldinger technique is described. A guide wire was passed through the suction
      channel of the fiberscope after the epiglottis and the vocal cords were seen; the
      fiberscope was removed and a nasotracheal tube passed over the wire into the
      trachea.

PMID- 3354806
TI  - Penetrating tracheal injury in a child.
AB  - A case is reported of a 3.5-year-old child with a stab wound in the neck, that
      penetrated the trachea. A pneumomediastinum was present. The anaesthetic problems
      are discussed and the child's management outlined.

PMID- 3354807
TI  - Epidural blockade in the treatment of preterm labour.
AB  - A case of premature labour induced by necrosis in a fibromyoma followed by
      laparotomy is described. Unsuccessful treatment with ritodrine was followed by
      successful treatment with epidural analgesia. The possible role of a sympathetic
      blockade is discussed.

PMID- 3354808
TI  - Intrathecal buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly patient.
AB  - Ninety patients aged 56-85 years scheduled for suprapubic prostatectomy, randomly
      received intrathecally either bupivacaine 30 mg (group A, n = 30), bupivacaine 30
      mg plus buprenorphine 0.03 mg (group B, n = 30) or bupivacaine 30 mg plus
      buprenorphine 0.045 mg (group C, n = 30). Prolonged postoperative analgesia,
      minimal disturbance of consciousness and comfortable breathing were common to the
      groups that received buprenorphine. The higher concentration of buprenorphine
      improved the quality and duration of analgesia. The only side effects found in
      the buprenorphine groups were nausea and vomiting in 11 and 14 patients,
      respectively, in groups B and C. Our study shows that buprenorphine is an
      effective analgesic, suitable for the management of postoperative pain in elderly
      patients.

PMID- 3354809
TI  - A comparison of two pulse oximeters. Assessment of accuracy at low arterial
      saturation in paediatric surgical patients.
AB  - The accuracy of the Ohmeda Biox 3700 and the Nellcor N100E was assessed in 25
      cyanosed children. The readings obtained from the two pulse oximeters were
      compared with arterial blood measurements using a Radiometer OSM-2 co-oximeter.
      Both pulse oximeters differed significantly from the co-oximeter measurements and
      in these patients the error of both machines exceeded the manufacturers' claims.
      However, the machines appeared to reflect changes in saturation accurately in the
      same patient.

PMID- 3354810
TI  - AIDS in ICUs: outcome.
AB  - The admission of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to
      intensive care units in the United Kingdom was surveyed in January 1986. Ninety
      three intensive care units completed the questionnaire. Thirty-two patients had
      been admitted to 12 units up to that time. Twenty-five (78%) of these patients
      had received artificial ventilation of the lungs. The commonest cause of
      respiratory failure on admission was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; this
      occurred in 27 patients, seven of whom also had pulmonary cytomegalovirus
      infection. Four patients had Kaposi's sarcoma and three of these patients also
      had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The overall mortality was 72%; twenty (80%)
      of the patients who required artificial ventilation, died. Ten patients survived
      to leave the intensive care unit, but one patient died of respiratory failure
      prior to discharge home.

PMID- 3354811
TI  - Reducing the risks of laryngoscopy in anaesthetised infants.
AB  - We have evaluated the use of oxygen insufflation during laryngoscopy with an
      Oxyscope laryngoscope blade compared to conventional laryngoscopy for maintenance
      of transcutaneous PO2 during intubation of anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing
      infants. Twenty healthy children aged between 1 and 24 months were anaesthetised
      with halothane in oxygen. Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed in a double
      blind fashion using a Miller No. 1 Oxyscope blade either with or without oxygen
      insufflation. Transcutaneous oxygen tension, arterial pressure and heart rate
      were measured before and after laryngoscopy, and duration of laryngoscopy was
      recorded. Transcutaneous oxygen tension decreased by 7.1% (SD 6.1%) when oxygen
      insufflation was used, compared to 33.0% (SD 15.1%) without oxygen insufflation
      (p less than 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mean duration of
      laryngoscopy or patient age. We conclude that oxygen insufflation during
      laryngoscopy and intubation of spontaneously breathing, anaesthetised infants
      effectively minimises the decrease in transcutaneous oxygen tension from pre
      laryngoscopy levels, and makes instrumentation of the airway safer.

PMID- 3354813
TI  - Pulmonary haemorrhage as a complication of neonatal anaesthesia.

PMID- 3354812
TI  - Cannulation of the epidural space. A comparison of 18- and 16-gauge needles.
AB  - A group of 685 obstetric patients were randomly allocated to have their epidural
      block performed using either a 16-gauge or an 18-gauge Tuohy needle. Bleeding was
      noted from needle or catheter trauma in 18% of patients and it proved impossible
      to insert the catheter in 3%. The majority of mothers experienced little
      discomfort during the procedure but 2% found insertion to be very uncomfortable.
      There was no significant difference in the complication rate, ease of use, or
      patient discomfort between the 18- or 16-gauge needles. Epidural analgesia,
      although safe, is not without hazard. It may be difficult to perform and may,
      rarely, cause considerable discomfort.

PMID- 3354814
TI  - Bradycardia during neurosurgery--a new reflex?

PMID- 3354815
TI  - Repair of thoracic aorta and subsequent pregnancy.

PMID- 3354816
TI  - A new connector for use in cricothyroid puncture.

PMID- 3354817
TI  - Single breath induction.

PMID- 3354818
TI  - Suxamethonium and myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3354819
TI  - Hypothermia and the action of neuromuscular blocking agents.

PMID- 3354820
TI  - Do obstetric epidurals cause continuing morbidity?

PMID- 3354821
TI  - Intercostal catheterisation: an alternative approach to the paravertebral space.

PMID- 3354822
TI  - Total spinal anaesthesia for a Jehovah's Witness with primary aldosteronism.

PMID- 3354823
TI  - Spurious plasma electrolyte results.

PMID- 3354824
TI  - False positive test dose and epidural fentanyl.

PMID- 3354825
TI  - Palsy after femoral nerve block.

PMID- 3354826
TI  - Towards safer intravenous regional anaesthesia.

PMID- 3354827
TI  - A confidential enquiry into peri-operative deaths.

PMID- 3354828
TI  - Subarachnoid anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. A comparison of two
      hyperbaric solutions.
AB  - Forty patients who underwent elective lower segment Caesarean section under
      subarachnoid anaesthesia received either 2.0 ml 0.5% cinchocaine in 6% dextrose
      or 2.5 ml 0.5% bupivacaine in 8% dextrose via a 26-gauge needle with the patient
      in the left lateral position. Onset time was rapid in both groups and the
      distribution of maximum ascent of sensory analgesia was T1-T6. Efficacy of
      analgesia was greater in the bupivacaine group, although the duration of both
      sensory and motor blockade was shorter than following cinchocaine. There were no
      significant differences between the two groups either in the incidence and
      severity of complications or in the condition of the neonates. The high incidence
      (50-65%) and often profound extent of hypotension seen throughout the trial,
      confirm the ineffectiveness of crystalloid preload of 1500 ml as a single
      prophylaxis against hypotension.

PMID- 3354829
TI  - [Perioperative anxiety and postoperative pain suppression in intraocular
      operations using general anesthesia and local anesthesia].
AB  - Intraocular surgery is performed under local or general anesthesia. The
      indications for these procedures are often dependent on local circumstances. On
      the one hand, the optimal conditions for operations under general anesthesia, on
      the other, the negligible stress of local anesthesia, especially for the elderly,
      are emphasized. To clarify this question, perioperative anxiety behavior and
      postoperative pain were investigated in geriatric patients undergoing ophthalmic
      surgery. METHODS: Spielberger's state trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was
      performed in 31 patients operated on in general (age 71.0 +/- 6.6 SEM) and 31
      operated on in local anesthesia (age 71.6 +/- 6.0 SEM) the day before and 4 h
      after operation. 10 patients in each group were also tested immediately before
      surgery in the operating room. Postoperative pain was estimated by the patient
      and postoperative sedation by the investigator using a 4-point scale for each
      over 8 h. RESULTS: The state (STAI 1) and trait (STAI 2) anxiety scores did not
      change in these geriatric patients. There were no significant differences between
      the groups. Postoperative pain was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher after
      15 and 60 min after general anesthesia. There was no difference in the frequency
      of analgetic therapy in both groups, but most opioids were given in the first 90
      min after general anesthesia. The patients were more frequently sedated (p less
      than 0.05) in the first 90 min after general anesthesia then after local
      anesthesia. DISCUSSION: The scores of state and trait anxiety behavior are
      comparable to a normal geriatric population, even if normal data cannot always be
      applied to clinical situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354830
TI  - [The effect of intraoperative autotransfusion on the oxygen affinity of
      erythrocytes].
AB  - Intraoperative autotransfusion provides several advantages over homologous
      transfusion for the recipient. Since the harvested red cells have a normal 2,3
      DPG concentration [15, 18], the decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin [26] that
      occurs in the recipient after the transfusion of stored blood is thought to be
      avoidable by intraoperative autotransfusion. In a study on the influence of
      harvested cells on oxygen affinity in patients by Orr and Blenko [18], however,
      it was not possible to demonstrate the superiority of these erythrocytes over
      stored red cells in the recipient: whereas 2,3-DPG remained at the preoperative
      level in both groups after transfusion, oxygen affinity increased postoperatively
      in the study group but not in the control group. In this study we directly
      determined oxygen affinity in addition to 2,3-DPG in the harvested cells after
      processing. The influence on the recipients' oxygen affinity after transfusion
      was analyzed and compared to that of a group of patients who received only stored
      blood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three groups of patients were studied: Group 1
      received only autotransfusion blood, group 2 autotransfusion and stored blood,
      and group 3 only stored blood. For harvesting, centrifugation, and washing of the
      red cells the Haemonetics Cell Saver (CS III) was used. The p50 value - which is
      generally accepted as a measurement of oxygen affinity - was determined as
      described by Muller-Plathe and Muller-Plathe [17]. For analysis of these data,
      blood was drawn from patients pre- and postoperatively and for the majority of
      cases also one or more days postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354831
TI  - [Is cerebral panangiography unnecessary in determining brain death?].
AB  - The diagnosis of brain death, i.e. death of cortex and brainstem, can be
      established by neurologic examination only if there is no intoxication, sedative
      therapy, or hypothermia. In the latter cases, until now only cerebral
      panangiography can establish the diagnosis. We investigated, whether in these
      cases cerebral perfusion scintigraphy (CPS) in combination with brainstem
      auditory evoked potential (BAEP) can replace CPA for establishing the diagnosis.
      METHODS: 40 patients, treated in our interdisciplinary ICU because of primary or
      secondary brain lesions and in whom determination of brain death by neurological
      examination was contraindicated, were subjected to the following procedure: When
      coma was diagnosed, brainstem reflexes were examined. If negative, an atropine
      test was done and this being negative, apnea-testing was performed. If apnea was
      positive, BAEP, CPS and CPA were performed. The results of BAEP and CPS were
      compared with the results of CPA. RESULTS: In 38 patients with suspected brain
      death the first examination showed complete correspondence between BAEP and CPS
      on one hand and CPA on the other hand (Table 3). In patient No. 39, CPS as well
      as CPA showed minimal supratentorial circulation, whereas BAEP were negative as
      was circulation in the fossa posterior. In patient No. 40 as well CPS and CPA
      showed minimal supratentorial circulation. Brainstem testing with BAEP was
      negative although CPA showed minimal brainstem perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354832
TI  - [Incorrect placement of a vena cava catheter and its prevention by intra-atrial
      ECG].
AB  - Up to now, radiological position control was obligatory due to the frequent
      complications arising from false cava catheter positioning. Apart from the
      radiological control, which is time consuming and expensive and involves the
      danger of allergic reactions due to contrast media, intraatrial ECG-recording can
      be applied to achieve correct positioning of the catheter tip. By this method
      exact placement of the catheter tip in the superior vena cava was possible in 98
      of 100 cases examined. Only 2 catheters could not be placed: one was placed intra
      arterially, and the other could not pass a venous valve. The method proved to be
      inexpensive, time saving and could even be applied in emergency situations
      (intraoperatively). Important prerequisites for the success of the procedure are
      a disturbance-free ECG-derivation, a sinus rhythm, and sufficient practical
      experience on the part of the examiner with regard to the assessment of intra
      atrial ECG-alterations.

PMID- 3354833
TI  - Postcolumn photolysis of pesticides for fluorometric determination by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3354834
TI  - Morphological variation at the [NiFe(CN)6]2--derivatized nickel electrode: a
      technique for the evaluation of alkali cation containing solutions.

PMID- 3354836
TI  - Amperometric detection of catechols in capillary zone electrophoresis with normal
      and micellar solutions.

PMID- 3354835
TI  - Liquid chromatography-photolysis-electrochemical detection for organobromides and
      organochlorides.

PMID- 3354837
TI  - Detection of atmospheric pollutants by direct analysis of passive Fourier
      transform infrared interferograms.

PMID- 3354838
TI  - Laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry of polymers: comparison with
      secondary ion and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3354840
TI  - The early development of the epicardium in Tupaia belangeri.
AB  - Development of the epicardium was studied in embryos of Tupaia belangeri from the
      13th to 15th day of ontogeny. The greater part of the epithelium of the
      epicardium does not differentiate locally from the myoepicardium (cardiac
      splanchnopleure, splanchnic mesoderm), but rather from the coelomic epithelium of
      the septum transversum. The myoepicardium of the future atria and ventricles
      differentiates into myocardial cells only. On ontogenetic day 13, bulbar
      protrusions (the "villi" of Kurkiewicz 1909) are formed on the surface of the
      septum transversum and extend into the pericardial cavity, primarily between the
      sinoatrial and the ventricular regions of the embryonic heart. These protrusions
      are covered by flattened interdigitating cells, and they are filled with
      intercellular fluid of the mesenchyme of the septum transversum. Many mitoses are
      found among the cells. From these protrusions free vesicles are formed which are
      discharged into the pericardial cavity. The vesicles attach to the surface of the
      myoepicardium, i.e. to the developing myocardial cells. The vesicles open, and
      their cells spread out onto the surface of the heart to form the primary
      epicardium. This process begins on the dorsal surface of the heart, close to the
      protrusions of the septum transversum, there are, however, further isolated
      patches of primary epicardium in other regions of the surface of the heart. After
      the epicardial cells have settled onto the myocardium, mitoses become rare among
      them. On day 15, most of the myocardium is coated by the primary epicardium and
      the protrusions on the septum transversum disappear. A "bare" myocardium, as
      found on ontogenetic days 12 and 13 in Tupaia, might be a primitive
      (plesiomorphic) condition among chordates. In adult Branchiostoma, the coelomic
      epithelium which coats the contractile blood vessels had been found to
      differentiate into muscle cells that remain uncoated on the side facing the
      coelomic cavity (Franz 1933; Joseph 1914, 1928).

PMID- 3354839
TI  - The development of the human brain from a closed neural tube at stage 13.
AB  - Twenty-five embryos of stage 13 (28 days) were studied in detail and graphic
      reconstructions of seven of them were prepared. Thirty or more somitic pairs are
      present, and the maximum is possibly 39. The notochord is almost entirely
      separated from the neural tube and the alimentary epithelium, and its rostral tip
      is closely related to the adenohypophysial pocket. Caudal to the cloacal
      membrane, the caudal eminence is the site of secondary neurulation. The eminence,
      which usually contains isolated somites, is the area where new notochord,
      hindgut, and neural tube are forming. The neural cord develops into neural tube
      without the intermediate phase of a neural plate (secondary neurulation).
      Canalization is regular and the lumen is continuous with the central canal. The
      neural tube is now a closed system, filled with what may be termed "ependymal
      fluid." The brain is widening in a dorsoventral direction. Neuromeres are still
      detectable. The following features are distinguishable: infundibular area of D2,
      chiasmatic plate of D1, "adult" lamina terminalis, and commissural plate (at
      levels of nasal plates). The beginning of the synencephalon of D2 can be
      discerned. The retinal and lens discs are being defined. The mesencephalic
      flexure continues to diminish. The midbrain possesses a sulcus limitans, and the
      tegmentum may show the medial longitudinal fasciculus. The isthmic segment is
      clearly separated from rhombomere 1. Lateral and ventral longitudinal fasciculi
      are usually present in the hindbrain, and the common afferent tract is beginning.
      Somatic and visceral efferent fibres are seen in certain nerves: 6, 12; 5, 7, 9
      11. The first indication of the cerebellum may be visible in the alar lamina of
      rhombomere 1. The terminal-vomeronasal crest appears. Various cranial ganglia
      (e.g., vestibular, superior ganglia of 9, 10) are forming. The trigeminal
      ganglion may show its three major divisions. Epipharyngeal placodes of pharyngeal
      arches 2 to 5 contribute to cranial ganglia 7, 9, and 10. The spinal neural crest
      is becoming segregated, and the spinal ganglia are in series with the somites.
      Ventral spinal roots are beginning to develop.

PMID- 3354841
TI  - The distribution of anterogradely labeled I--IV primary afferents in
      histochemically defined compartments of the rat's sternomastoid muscle.
AB  - The sternomastoid muscle of the rat is divided into a white (dominated by fast
      glycolytic twitch fibers) and a red (dominated by fast oxidative-glycolytic
      twitch fibers, but also containing slow-oxidative twitch fibers) compartment.
      Previous reports on exclusive location of muscle spindles in the red portion were
      confirmed. On the basis of anterograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase-wheat
      germ agglutinine conjugate (WGA-HRP) it was shown in this study that, in addition
      to muscle spindle compartmentalisation, there was also an exclusive occurrence of
      tendon organs in the red part of the muscle; moreover, fine afferents (III- and
      IV-afferents) were mainly distributed to this portion as well. Radioimmunassay
      studies revealed that this part of the muscle contained twice as much substance P
      as the white part. It could be shown by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      histochemistry that the myelinated fibers of the white branch to the muscle
      exclusively displayed high enzyme activity which is characteristic for motor
      fibers; on the other hand, in the branch to the red portion two classes of AChE
      positive fibers were found: a large one with a peak in the alpha-range, and a
      small one with a peak in the gamma-range. In addition, there was also a group of
      enzyme-negative (sensory) fibers. These results also indicate the red portion of
      the sternomastoid muscle to be its "sensory compartment".

PMID- 3354842
TI  - The formation of mesoderm and mesectoderm in 5- to 41-somite rat embryos cultured
      in vitro, using WGA-Au as a marker.
AB  - The formation of mesectodermal cells by the neural crest in 5- to 41-somite stage
      embryos was investigated experimentally in rat embryos cultured in vitro, using
      lectin-coated colloidal gold as a probe. This method labelled all ectodermal
      cells, among them neural crest, surface ectodermal placodal and epiblastic
      (primitive streak) cells. The neural crest provides the mesodermal compartment of
      the entire head region with cells, including the primitive cranial ganglia and
      the branchial arches. In the head region migration of neural crest cells over a
      great distance (long-distance migration) was not observed. In the trunk region
      neural crest derived cells were mainly found to form the primitive spinal ganglia
      and the sympathetic trunk, once again without long-distance cell migration.
      Structures and tissues that supposedly were derived from the primitive streak
      were hardly labelled with colloidal gold. Surface ectodermal placodes were not
      only found at the expected sites (e.g. epibranchial placodes) but also in the
      ectoderm covering the transverse septum and lateral abdominal walls.

PMID- 3354843
TI  - Ontogenetic development of septal nuclei in the rat.
AB  - Prenatal development of septal cell groups was studied in the rat on samples
      taken daily from the 14th day of gestation until birth. Coronal serial sections
      of brains were prepared in which the topography coordinates of septal nuclei were
      determined, their section profiles measured and their volumes calculated. The rat
      septum begins to develop on embryonic days 14-15. First the individual neurons
      start to differentiate, then cell groups characteristic for the adult are formed
      between days 14 and 17, which is followed by the delineation of nuclei. The only
      exception is the anterior subdivision of the lateral septal nucleus where the
      formation of the nucleus precedes the differentiation of its constituent cells.
      The individual nuclei start to develop at different times defined by a medio
      lateral gradient of cell migration. By embryonic day 20 the formation of the
      nuclei can be considered as complete: all septal nuclei and their subdivisions
      are to be recognized and distinguished from each other.

PMID- 3354845
TI  - Role of the neural crest in development of the cartilaginous cranial and visceral
      skeleton of the medaka, Oryzias latipes (Teleostei).
AB  - Neural crestectomies were performed on neurula stage medaka embryos to remove
      neural crest with tungsten needles from one of five anteriorly located zones. The
      embryos were allowed to develop to stage 35 (immediately posthatching) larvae,
      then cleared and stained for cartilage. An analysis of changes to the head
      skeletons indicated that most of the anterior neurocranium and the entire
      viscerocranium received neural crest contributions during development. The
      elements involved included; the lamina orbitonasalis of the nasal capsule, the
      trabeculae, Meckels' cartilage and the quadrate of the lower jaw, the pterygoid
      process, the orbital cartilages and the epiphyseals of the neurocranial roof, as
      well as all the elements of the hyoid and branchial arches. By further analysis
      of only those neural crest ablations which produced alterations to the head
      skeleton, the neural crest cells which contributed to the development of each
      element were mapped. They originated principally, from one of three regions; the
      mesencephalon (second most anterior zone removed, number II), the preotic
      rhombencephalon (zone III), or the postotic rhombencephalon (zone IV). Neural
      crest from the level of the prosencephalon (zone I) was not chondrogenic nor was
      neural crest from the fifth region (zone V) which extended beyond the 5th to
      about the 8th or 10th somite and marked the anterior end of trunk neural crest.
      The data are discussed and are found to be consistent with the results from other
      vertebrates and support the central role of the neural crest in the development
      and evolution of the vertebrate head skeleton.

PMID- 3354844
TI  - Afferents to the lateral reticular nucleus from the oculomotor region. II. The
      oculomotor nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and the nucleus of the
      posterior commissure.
AB  - By means of retrograde transport of the wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish
      peroxidase complex, afferent fibres to the lateral reticular nucleus from the
      oculomotor and accessory oculomotor nuclei were demonstrated in the cat. Small
      iontophoretic ejections were made into the main part of the lateral reticular
      nucleus from a ventral approach. Significant numbers of retrogradely labelled
      neurons were found bilaterally in all parts of the oculomotor nucleus. The
      majority was of small size and distributed along the dorsal and lateral
      boundaries of the nucleus. Some labelled neurons were located just outside these
      boundaries, in the periaqueductal gray and the adjacent mesencephalic reticular
      formation. Retrogradely labelled neurons were also found in the accessory
      oculomotor nuclei: The interstitial nucleus of Cajal featured a substantial
      number of labelled neurons. Some labelled neurons were consistently found also in
      the nucleus of the posterior commissure, but no labelled neurons were found in
      the nucleus of Darkschewitch. The labelled neurons in the interstitial nucleus of
      Cajal were of different sizes and located bilaterally, mainly in its rostral
      part. Caudal as well as rostral parts of the main lateral reticular nucleus
      appear to receive the descending afferents from the oculomotor region, but higher
      numbers of labelled neurons were found subsequent to ejections in the rostral
      part. The findings are discussed and some comments are made concerning the
      lateral reticular nucleus as a possible relay nucleus for oculomotor input to the
      cerebellum.

PMID- 3354846
TI  - Connecting cords and morphogenetic movements in the quail blastoderm.
AB  - Connecting cords are elongated telophase bridges persisting between separating
      daughter cells. We have studied them with Scanning Electron Microscopy in the
      upper cell layer of the quail blastoderm where a high mitotic activity
      accompanied by interkinetic nuclear migration coincides with morphogenetic
      movements. The predominant orientation of the connecting cords is parallel to the
      direction of the morphogenetic movements.

PMID- 3354847
TI  - Effect of the notochord on the differentiation of a floor plate area in the
      neural tube of the chick embryo.
AB  - The role of a notochord fragment on the origin of an additional floor plate area
      in the neural tube is investigated by quantitative morphological methods. In 1.5
      to 2 day chick embryos a notochordal fragment was implanted in close apposition
      to the lateral wall of the neural groove in the region between prospective wing
      and leg bud. At 4 days, adjacent to the implant a distinct area of the neural
      wall was present, which resembled the natural floor plate with respect to its
      thickness, the abluminal location of elongated nuclei and the absence of
      neuroblasts. The mitotic density of this area was reduced. This "additional floor
      plate" was distinct when the experiment was performed at 1.5 days but was hardly
      recognizable when it was carried out at 2 days. From these results it is
      concluded that a) the notochord induces floor plate like structures and
      diminishes proliferation, and b) that the period of floor plate induction by the
      notochord is very restricted.

PMID- 3354848
TI  - The ultrastructural organization of the isthmic nucleus in Xenopus.
AB  - The isthmic nucleus (IN) of the frog brain forms a linkage, relaying visual
      information from one tectum to the other. It receives afferent input from the
      tectum of the same side and projects bilaterally to both tecta. The
      ultrastructural features of the tecto-isthmic synaptic connections were studied
      in young postmetamorphic Xenopus frogs. Most synaptic profiles in the isthmic
      nucleus have spheroidal vesicles and an asymmetric zone of apposition.
      Frequently, synaptic glomeruli consisting of up to 8 terminal boutons surrounding
      a shaft dendrite were observed. The synaptic density in the rostral IN was
      slightly higher than in the middle or caudal portions. Partial deafferentation by
      transection of the tecto-isthmic pathway or total deafferentation by removal of
      the tectum was followed by a widespread degeneration of terminals in the
      ipsilateral IN. In the former case, the density of synapses in the IN decreased
      initially by about 64%, and then increased by 30 days after operation to about
      50% of the normal synaptic density. After tectal removal, all the terminal
      boutons in the isthmic neuropil degenerated by 3 days after operation. These
      studies, along with recent findings, indicate that most, if not all, of the
      afferent fibres to IN are of tectal origin.

PMID- 3354849
TI  - Early innervation and differentiation of hair cells in the vestibular epithelia
      of mouse embryos: SEM and TEM study.
AB  - Early afferent innervation and differentiation of sensory vestibular cells were
      studied in mouse embryos from gestation day (GD) 13 to 16. Afferent neurites were
      found as early as GD 13 in the epithelium when there were no clearly
      differentiated sensory cells. By GD 14 the earliest sensory cells which exhibited
      short hair bundles at their luminal pole were then contacted by afferent endings
      at their basal part. On GD 15 nerve endings establishing specialized synaptic
      contacts, characterized by asymmetrical membrane densities and synaptic bodies,
      were observed. At this stage, microtubules contacting the presynaptic membranes,
      as well as coated vesicles were found. On GD 16 the hair cells were multi
      afferented and numerous synaptic bodies were found. These results showing a
      concomitance between the hair cell differentiation and the establishment of nerve
      contacts are discussed with particular respect to nerve-hair cell interactions
      during sensory differentiation. This study does not point to a primary induction
      of vestibular hair cell differentiation by nerve endings, but it is consistent
      with the possibility that the ingrowth of nerve fibers is one of many factors
      that influence the differentiation of receptor cells. With respect to synapse
      formation, it is assumed that the location of synaptic bodies at presynaptic
      densities is determined by the arrival of afferent nerve endings.

PMID- 3354851
TI  - Comparison of calbindin D-28K immunoreactivity in superficial pineal bodies of
      mongolian gerbil and rat.
AB  - Immunocytochemical reaction for demonstration of calbindin D-28K has been
      performed in superficial pineal bodies of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones
      unguiculatus) and the rat. Whereas in the Mongolian gerbil there were no clearly
      expressed calbindin immunoreactive cells, these were numerous in the rat pineal
      body. Here the calbindin-positive cells - probably pinealocytes - were disposed
      along capillaries. In view of the role of calbindin in binding and transporting
      calcium and regulating its intracellular levels, the absence of this protein in
      the gerbil pineal body has been interpreted as signifying the inability of
      pinealocytes to eliminate intracellular calcium with possible consequent
      formation of acervuli.

PMID- 3354850
TI  - A light microscopic and morphometric analysis of the Sertoli cell during the
      spermatogenic cycle of the rat.
AB  - Testes from 8 adult rats were perfusion-fixed with buffered glutaraldehyde and
      semi-thin sections of the seminiferous epithelium at all stages of the
      spermatogenic cycle were subjected to morphometric analysis at the light
      microscope level. Methods are presented to derive the volume occupied by the
      Sertoli cells within the total volume of the seminiferous epithelium at each
      stage of the cycle for a single testis. The total number of Sertoli cells present
      in each stage for the whole testis was calculated from a measurement of Sertoli
      cell numerical density and the total volume of the seminiferous tubule in the
      testis at each stage of the cycle. Average volume of a single Sertoli cell for
      each stage was derived by dividing the first set of data by the latter data.
      Average Sertoli cell volume exhibited a cyclic variation in relation to the
      stages of the spermatogenic cycle. Sertoli cells were smallest during stages VI
      VIII (5300-5500 micron3) increased to maximum volume during stages XII-XIV (7700
      8000 micron3) and thereafter during stages I-V, gradually contracted in volume to
      complete the cycle. Stage-dependent cyclic variations in Sertoli cell volume
      offers evidence that the morphology of the Sertoli cell undergoes structural
      modifications to accommodate changes in the shape and volume of the developing
      germ cells. Furthermore these volume changes implicate the Sertoli cells in
      cyclic metabolic, absorptive and secretory functions which possibly direct the
      maturation of germ cells during the spermatogenic cycle.

PMID- 3354853
TI  - The luminal aspect of intrarenal arteries and veins in the rat as revealed by
      scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The luminal aspect of intrarenal arteries and veins in the rat has been
      investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The endothelium of the
      intrarenal arteries consists of spindle-shaped cells and forms longitudinally
      running ridges which correlate with the folding pattern of the underlying
      internal elastic lamina. Intraarterial "cushions" were found at the origins of
      afferent arterioles from arcuate arteries and along the entire course of
      interlobular arteries. The intrarenal veins are made up of a thin, extensively
      fenestrated epithelium equal to that of peritubular capillaries. The outer aspect
      of the endothelium contacts adjacent tubules as closely as the capillaries
      proper. Thereby, the luminal aspect of the veins exhibits a striking "tubule
      relief" created by the underlying tubules. This wall structure of the intrarenal
      veins suggest that diameter and shape of the veins are probably highly dependent
      on the surrounding interstitial pressure.

PMID- 3354852
TI  - Development of the supraoptic decussation in the chick (Gallus gallus).
AB  - The developing supraoptic decussation (SOD), a major interhemispheric tract in
      birds, has been implicated in both transfer of visual information and in the
      modulation of brain asymmetry. Moreover little is known of its morphology during
      development. We have examined the development of the chick SOD, which consists of
      three subregions; dorsal, ventral and subventral SOD. In the dorsal SOD the total
      number of fibres reach 968,000 on the 19th day of incubation (E-19), falling to
      570,000 by the 8th day after hatching (P-8). In the ventral SOD, the number of
      fibres at E-19 reach 660,000, followed by a gradual reduction in their number to
      about 490,000 at P-22. In the subventral SOD the number of fibres estimated was
      87,000 at E-15 falling to about 36,000 P-1. Compared with adult levels, there is,
      respectively, a drop in the number of fibres of 44%, 25% and 69% in the dorsal,
      ventral and subventral SOD during development. At E-19 in both the dorsal and
      ventral SOD there is qualitative evidence of axonal loss; disrupted axonal
      profiles, increased extracellular space and cells containing lysosomal
      cytoplasmic inclusions indicative of macrophages. Differences were also observed
      in the pattern of myelination, the dorsal, ventral and subventral SOD were shown
      to myelinate at different rates. Thus, in a single named tract, the SOD, there
      are major differences in the onset, rate and extent of fibre loss and
      myelogenesis within its three subregions. The functional implications of these
      differences are considered.

PMID- 3354854
TI  - The presence and significance of intraepithelial mesenchymal cells in human
      foetal colon.
AB  - During an investigation of the morphogenesis of the human foetal colon, breaks in
      the basal lamina underlying the surface epithelium were frequently observed at 10
      1/2-11 weeks. These occurred at those sites where the mesenchyme was sweeping up
      into the epithelium prior to the transformation of the epithelium from stratified
      to a single layer. At the same time numbers of mesenchymal cells appeared among
      the epithelial cells and some were observed actually in the process of passing
      through the gaps in the basal lamina. Close contact was apparent between some
      mesenchymal cells and basal epithelial cells through extended breaks in the basal
      lamina. Many of the mesenchymal cells within the epithelium contained numbers of
      apoptotic bodies. This suggests that one of the functions of the intra-epithelial
      mesenchymal cells is to remove the debris resulting from cell death which occurs
      in association with the re-arrangement of cells during development of the colon.

PMID- 3354855
TI  - Structural changes in nuclear chromatin in rat pituitary after chronic stress of
      low intensity.
AB  - Acute, intense sources of "psychogenic" stress clearly modify the structure and
      function of the hypophysis, and there are concomitant changes in many peripheral
      physiological systems. Less dramatic sources of stress yield more equivocal
      results. An experiment is reported in which nuclear morphology of
      adenohypophyseal cells from 49 male rats exposed to a chronic, low-intensity
      stressor was examined both by conventional histological and computer-assisted
      image-processing methods. The hypothesis tested was that an unequivocal pattern
      of morphological changes in the nucleus and nuclear chromatin would be revealed
      by image processing. Rats were killed after living for a year in a relatively low
      stress environment, "crowded" in groups of five animals per cage. The control
      condition was a minimal stress environment of two rats per cage. Results
      suggested few signs of pathology from peripheral measures of hypophyseal
      activity, and direct light microscopic examination of the gland revealed no
      differences between the two groups. Analysis of computer-enhanced images of the
      pars distalis nuclei from the adenohypophysis, on the other hand, generated
      findings that were statistically and biologically significant. Nuclear size
      increased in the stress condition, the number of chromatin and area occupied by
      the particles increased, and the position of chromatin shifted toward the
      periphery of the nucleus. Perhaps more important, optical density analysis
      indicated that chromatin was less tightly packed in the experimental animals.
      Implications are that chronic, low-intensity stress modulates nuclear structural
      changes from a dormant to an active state that portend changes in the peripheral
      systems influenced by the hypophysis.

PMID- 3354856
TI  - Pericardium of rodents: pores connect the pericardial and pleural cavities.
AB  - Numerous circular fenestrations or pores were present in the pericardium of the
      rat, golden hamster, and mouse. The pericardial pores were most numerous in the
      mouse. They were usually less than 50 micron in diameter and situated in a
      meshwork formed by thick, wavy bundles of collagen fibers and thin, straight,
      elastic fibers. These pores directly connected the pericardial and pleural
      cavities and indirectly connected the right and left pleural cavities; i.e., the
      pericardial cavity in the rodents is not independent from but intercommunicates
      with the adjacent pleural cavities. There were many aggregates of free cells or
      milky spots in the pericardium. They principally consisted of lymphocytes,
      macrophages, and mast cells and were directly exposed to the pericardial cavity.

PMID- 3354857
TI  - Removal of collagen bundles in murine uterus during postpartum involution.
AB  - The localization of collagenolytic activity within the tissue compartments of the
      mouse uterus was investigated during postpartum involution. The rate of
      collagenase activity was measured by analysis of tissue levels of hydroxyproline
      from the day of parturition to the 10th postpartum day. Collagen bonding was
      analyzed by viewing birefringence induced by the picrosirius red-binding
      technique. An attempt was made to interrelate quantitative analysis with the
      histologic distribution of collagen during postpartum days 1-10. Histologic and
      quantitative evidence indicated the following: 1) The collagenous compartments of
      the endometrium and myometrium differ in their response to the postpartum rise in
      collagenase activity; collagen degradation occurs primarily in the endometrium,
      that is, the myometrial collagen remains, but much of the endometrial collagen is
      removed. 2) Endometrial collagen is degraded particularly in the immediate
      subluminal compartment.

PMID- 3354858
TI  - Pathological changes in cerebral arteries following experimental subarachnoid
      hemorrhage: role of blood platelets.
AB  - The role of blood platelets in producing early intimal changes in cerebral
      arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was examined by using 18 cats.
      Experimental SAH was produced by a rupture of the proximal portion of the right
      middle cerebral artery. Following SAH, the scanning electron microscope revealed
      that structural alterations in the intimal layer of major cerebral arteries
      occurred as early as 2 hours and became more severe by 48 hours. Vascular
      alterations, which were predominantly detected in the ruptured vessel, consisted
      of endothelial cell corrugation, detachment, crater formation, intimal adhesion
      of platelets and red blood cells, intimal thrombi, and reendothelialization. When
      cats were pretreated prior to SAH with an anti-platelet-aggregating agent, OKY
      1581, the intimal blood elements and thrombi were clearly reduced, and
      reendothelialization was not observed. However, endothelial cell changes in the
      OKY-1581-treated group were very similar to those occurring in the nontreated
      group. While these results suggest that bioactive substances contained within
      blood platelets, such as growth factors, serotonin, and norepinephrine, have
      little effect on producing endothelial cell injury, platelets may be important in
      the initiation of reendothelialization following vessel injury.

PMID- 3354859
TI  - Development of the notochord in human embryos: ultrastructural, histochemical,
      and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - In the present study of the notochord, the specimens were 54 externally normal
      human embryos ranging between Carnegie stages 13 and 23. The following staining
      procedures were used: periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), modified method of PAS, alcian
      blue, colloidal iron, and toluidine blue. Routine electron microscopic techniques
      were used. Immunoreactivity of the notochord to alpha-enolase was also examined.
      The notochord cells were undifferentiated in stage 13 with few intracellular
      organelles. The microfibrils and deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides appeared
      in the notochordal sheath in stage 14. The characteristic relation of
      mitochondria with rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed. Golgi complexes
      increased in the perinuclear region in stage 15. The layer of microfibrils in the
      notochordal sheath initially separated from the notochord in stage 16. Glycogen,
      mucoprotein, neutral mucopolysaccharides, and glycolipids began to increase in
      the mesenchymal cells around the notochord, starting at stage 16. Acid
      mucopolysaccharides increased in the notochordal sheath and in the matrix of the
      precartilage area around the notochord as this embryonic stage advanced. It was
      also revealed that the immunoreactivity of the notochord to alpha-enolase
      remained constant during the embryonic period. The results show that the
      notochord is transformed from an apparently undifferentiated organ into an organ
      with secretory activity in stage 14, producing microfibrils and depositing acid
      mucoplysaccharides in the notochordal sheath. The immunoreactivity of the
      notochord to alpha- and gamma-enolase isoenzymes and the development of the
      notochord are discussed. This study was undertaken to provide additional
      information on the development of tumors of notochordal origin.

PMID- 3354860
TI  - Vascular histodifferentiation in the chick chorioallantoic membrane: a
      morphometric study.
AB  - This study presents a quantitative description of ultrastructural changes
      associated with focal histodifferentiation of the chick chorioallantoic membrane
      (CAM) microvasculature. Early vessels (4-8 days of a 21-day incubation period)
      were lined by a thin, but continuous endothelium which was characterized by
      punctate appositional contacts, an incomplete or absent basal lamina, and few
      plasmalemmal vesicles. During this stage, there was little ultrastructural
      distinction between CAM arterioles, capillaries, and venules. During the
      intermediate stage (9-13 days), the arteriolar endothelium displayed more
      extensive junctional apposition. In addition, the interstitial (periendothelial)
      space contained more collagen fibrils and increased cell volume densities, some
      of which resembled presumptive smooth muscle cells. In contrast to the
      arterioles, endothelial appositions of the venules and capillaries remained
      punctate during the intermediate stage. The interstitial space of the venules
      displayed an increase in cell and fibril densities but to a lesser extent than
      that observed in the arterioles. The capillaries did not exhibit any significant
      changes in their periendothelial spaces. By the late stage (14-18 days), a
      circular tunic containing several layers of presumptive smooth muscle cells
      surrounded only the arteriolar endothelium. The endothelium of both the
      arterioles and venules increased in mean thickness. The arterioles also displayed
      complex interdigitating endothelial appositions. All CAM vessels exhibited a
      progressive increase in the number of endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles and a
      more complete basal lamina during the developmental stages. These observations
      served to distinguish differential patterns of vessel maturation along the length
      of the microvascular system.

PMID- 3354861
TI  - Expression of cellular glycoconjugates in transfilter-induced metanephric
      mesenchyme.
AB  - Expression of glycoconjugates during transfilter-induced differentiation of
      metanephric mesenchyme was studied by using fluorochrome- and peroxidase-coupled
      lectins. All cells in the uninduced metanephric mesenchyme expressed mannose,
      beta-D-galactose (beta-Gal), N-acetylglucosamine (GlucNAc), and terminal sialic
      acids. Additionally, solitary cells showed terminal alpha-D-galactose alpha-D
      galactose (alpha-Gal) typical of mouse endothelial cells. During culture,
      undifferentiated mesenchymal cells seemed to disappear from induced explants, and
      many of the stromal cells between the evolving tubules presented terminal alpha
      Gal residues. Similar positivity could be revealed in monolayer cultures of
      induced mesenchymes. A number of tubules in induced explants displayed alpha-L
      fucosyl (Fuc) residues, characteristic of mature proximal tubules. Some terminal
      Ga1NAc residues, recognized only by Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, emerged in a
      few tubular cells after prolonged culture. The early tubules and glomerular
      bodies displayed a basement membrane presenting both terminal Ga1-(beta 1-3)
      Ga1NAc and Ga1NAc residues. These positivities disappeared later from many
      tubular structures and glomerular bodies but persisted in tubules expressing
      proximal tubular differentiation. The glomerular bodies displayed only one cell
      type, reminiscent of maturing podocytes, presenting terminal Ga1-(beta 1-3)
      Ga1NAc and Ga1NAc residues. Later these saccharide residues became covered by
      sialylation, as they could then be revealed only after treatment with
      neuraminidase. The results indicate that the segment-specific expression of
      saccharide residues during differentiation of nephron in vitro resembles the
      sequence seen in vivo. This study also suggests that the basement membranes
      surrounding the nephron show a stepwise, segment-specific maturation. Despite the
      presence of endothelial cells in the metanephric explants, only avascular
      glomeruli evolved in this differentiation model.

PMID- 3354862
TI  - Surface coat material associated with the developing otic placode/vesicle in the
      chick.
AB  - Surface coat material (SCM) has been illustrated in association with the apical
      surfaces of numerous epithelia during morphogenesis. This study investigates the
      development of a SCM associated with the invaginating otic placode/vesicle in the
      chick. Glycoconjugate containing SCM was retained by the inclusion of
      cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the fixative, histochemically visualized by
      using ruthenium red (RR) staining, and viewed by scanning (SEM) or transmission
      (TEM) electron microscopy. Initial characterization of the glycoconjugates
      present in this material was elucidated by using lectins conjugated to
      fluorescein isothiocyanate. Lectins utilized included concanavalin A (Con A),
      wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and soybean agglutinin (SBA). Invagination of the
      otic placode was apparent as early as stage 12. By stage 15 the vesicle was
      beginning to separate from the surface ectoderm as evidenced by its aperture,
      which was altered in shape and reduced in size. All embryos fixed with
      glutaraldehyde containing either CPC or RR were shown to possess SCM associated
      with the surface ectoderm, particularly in the area of the otic placode/vesicle.
      Additional embryos were processed by cryofixation without prior aldehyde
      fixation; these also exhibited SCM. All lectins labelled the epithelium of the
      otic placode/vesicle. However, their binding patterns were not identical. The
      binding of Con A and WGA remained constant over the stages studied, while SBA
      increased as the otic vesicle developed. The data clearly indicate that otic
      placode morphogenesis is accompanied by the synthesis of SCM rich in
      glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3354863
TI  - Effects of unilateral ovariectomy before and after mating on fetal and placental
      growth in rats.
AB  - Unilateral ovariectomy was carried out on rats either 8 days after mating (ULO-A)
      or 4-6 weeks before mating (ULO-B) and the effects on fetal and placental weights
      were examined at days 13, 16, and 22 of gestation. ULO-A caused initial fetal and
      placental hypotrophy at day 13, but thereafter placental weights increased to
      123% and 132% of control values at days 16 and 22, respectively. Fetal weights
      were also 9% heavier in the ULO-A rats at day 22. The ULO-B stimulus resulted in
      placental but not fetal hypotrophy at day 13 and placental hypertrophy at days 16
      and 22. Although the results of the two stimuli were generally similar, it is
      argued that the mechanisms underlying the ULO-A results were primarily
      endocrinological whereas those for the ULO-B results were due to crowding of
      conceptuses in one uterine horn and the subsequent compensatory responses.

PMID- 3354864
TI  - Recurrent herpes simplex virus labialis and the use of epidural morphine in
      obstetric patients.
AB  - A retrospective study of sequential obstetric patients delivering at University
      Hospital and receiving epidural anesthesia was conducted to determine if a
      suggested association exists between the recurrence of oral herpes simplex
      lesions and the use of epidural morphine. In a retrospective study of 291
      patients, 13 of 134 (9.7%) receiving epidural morphine developed recurrent oral
      herpes lesions in contrast to 1 of 157 (0.6%) not receiving the drug (P less than
      0.001). In a prospective hospital-based study of 729 consecutive obstetric
      patients, 146 patients received epidural opioids (morphine, fentanyl, or both)
      and 583 did not. Recurrent HSVL lesions occurred in 13 of 140 (9.3%) patients
      given epidural morphine but in only 6 of 583 (1.0%) not given epidural opioids (P
      less than 0.001). Three of the 13 patients with HSVL received both epidural
      morphine and fentanyl and 10 received only epidural morphine. Because of the
      small numbers of patients receiving only fentanyl, no relation between HSVL
      reactivation and epidural fentanyl could be established. In patients having
      caesarean sections, the association of recurrent HSVL and the use of epidural
      morphine was significant (P = 0.04), suggesting cesarean delivery was not a
      confounder. A hitherto undescribed triggering agent, epidural morphine, appears
      to be associated with reactivation of HSVL in obstetric patients in the
      postpartum period.

PMID- 3354865
TI  - A double-blind study of the respiratory effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride in
      spontaneously breathing anesthetized patients.
AB  - Nalbuphine hydrochloride 0.2 mg/kg was compared with meperidine 0.5 mg/kg in a
      double-blind study in 20 patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair
      while breathing spontaneously under general anesthesia. The respiratory effects
      of the two drugs studied were continuously and accurately recorded with a wet
      wedge spirometer throughout the procedure. The acute respiratory effects of these
      analgesic drugs could therefore be assessed. The measurements recorded before any
      surgical stimulation showed that both nalbuphine and meperidine produce a similar
      degree of respiratory depression. These results are at variance with earlier
      studies that drew conclusions from measurements that were neither continuous nor
      accurate. Nalbuphine was found to be a satisfactory analgesic adjuvant in this
      anesthetic technique.

PMID- 3354866
TI  - Fentanyl blood concentration-analgesic response relationship in the treatment of
      postoperative pain.
AB  - The inter- and intrasubject variability in blood concentration-analgesic response
      relationship for fentanyl were investigated using the technique of patient
      controlled analgesia (PCA) in 30 consenting patients scheduled for surgical
      procedures involving an abdominal incision (15 upper and 15 lower abdominal
      incisions). All patients had a thiopental, nitrous oxide/oxygen, pancuronium
      anesthetic with 200 microgram fentanyl intraoperatively. Postoperative pain
      relief was provided with fentanyl from a Janssen On-Demand Analgesic Computer
      (ODAC) set to provide a basal infusion rate of 20 microgram/hr, a bolus "demand"
      dose of 20 microgram, and a lockout period of 5 minutes. Frequent blood samples
      were collected immediately before patients demanded doses, and these were taken
      as an estimate of the minimum effective concentration (MEC). A mean of 22 samples
      (range 12 to 45) were collected per patient over a mean study duration of 50
      hours (range 24 to 72). The patients required larger hourly fentanyl doses in the
      first 6-hour period (83.9 +/- 30.1 microgram/hr) than in any other 6-hour period
      (mean values varied from 37.3 to 63 microgram/hr). The mean (+/- SD) hourly
      fentanyl dose rate and total cumulative dose were 55.8 +/- 22 microgram/hr (range
      28.8 to 136 microgram/hr) and 2739 +/- 1191 microgram (range 900 to 6260
      microgram), respectively. The mean (+/- SD) MEC was 0.63 +/- 0.25 ng/ml (five
      fold range from 0.23 to 1.18) and the mean intrapatient coefficient of variation
      in MEC was 30.2% (range 16 to 46%). The MEC values remained relatively constant
      in all patients over the 48-hour study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354867
TI  - Spinal anesthesia and lumbar lordosis.
AB  - Hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (3.0 ml) was injected intrathecally in two groups of
      20 patients. Both groups of patients lay in the lateral position with their hips
      flexed at 90 degrees. In group F, the hip flexion was maintained for 5 minutes
      after turning supine. In group S, the hips were straightened before the patients
      were turned to the supine position. The technique of hip flexion to reduce the
      lumbar lordosis did not significantly limit the height of anesthetic blockade.
      The distribution of height of anesthetic blockade showed marked bimodality (P
      less than 0.05) in both groups, in group F at T4 and T9 and in group S at T3 and
      T9. Cardiovascular side effects were minimal and equal in both groups.

PMID- 3354868
TI  - Thiopental does not alter Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - The effect of thiopental on Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
      isolated from the rabbit was examined to clarify the role of the sarcoplasmic
      reticulum in the negative inotropic action of thiopental. Thiopental, from 0 to
      378 microM, did not alter the rate of Ca2+ uptake by the SR. We also compared the
      ATP dependence of Ca2+ uptake in the presence and absence of 284 microM
      thiopental. The Km for ATP and the Vmax of Ca+ uptake were unaffected by
      thiopental. It is concluded that thiopental does not alter Ca2+ uptake by the SR
      and that the negative inotropic effects of thiopental occur at other sites in the
      myocardial cell.

PMID- 3354869
TI  - Is milrinone equivalent to amrinone during enflurane anesthesia in the dog?
AB  - Dose-response curves for milrinone during 2.1-2.3% end-tidal enflurane anesthesia
      were studied in six dogs given three successive boluses and 30-minute infusions
      of milrinone: 1) 40 microgram/kg plus 3 microgram.kg-1.min-1 (plasma level at 5
      and 30 minutes after beginning of infusion: 122 +/- 14 and 136 +/- 14 ng/ml); 2)
      60 microgram/kg plus 6 microgram.kg-1.min-1 (285 +/- 31 and 304 +/- 19 ng/ml); 3)
      80 microgram/kg plus 12 microgram.kg-1.min-1 (498 +/- 32 and 581 +/- 28 ng/ml),
      demonstrating a progressive improvement of cardiac performance. Differences
      between milrinone and amrinone were also studied during enflurane anesthesia in
      six other dogs given milrinone or amrinone at 3- to 4-week intervals using both a
      low dose that did not decrease mean arterial pressure significantly and a dose
      that decreased mean arterial pressure 20-25% below baseline values. There was a
      dose-related effect with both drugs on the measured hemodynamic variables. Plasma
      catecholamine levels did not change significantly in either group. The results of
      our studies show that during enflurane anesthesia 1) there is a correlation
      between milrinone plasma levels and improvement of cardiac performance and, 2)
      milrinone, at low and high doses studied without or with a significant decrease
      in mean arterial pressure, respectively, is similar to amrinone in its activity
      to improve cardiac performance by similar positive inotropic, chronotropic, and
      vasodilating effects.

PMID- 3354870
TI  - Skin pulse wave monitoring during lumbar epidural and spinal anesthesia.
AB  - The effectiveness of pulse wave monitoring of the big toes was compared with loss
      of cold discrimination to determine the onset of nerve blockade during lumbar
      epidural and spinal anesthesia. Forty-seven patients scheduled for elective
      urologic or lower extremity operations were assigned to one of three groups.
      Group 1 (15 patients) received epidural mepivacaine 1.5% with epinephrine; group
      2 (12 patients), epidural bupivacaine 0.5%, and group 3 (20 patients), spinal
      bupivacaine 0.5%. In the epidural groups, the mean time to onset of increases in
      pulse wave amplitude was less than half the mean time to onset of decrease in
      cold discrimination (P less than 0.05). In patients given spinal anesthesia,
      there was no significant difference. The pulse wave monitor seems to be a
      sensitive and objective detector of early anesthetic effect during spinal and
      epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3354871
TI  - In vitro cyanide release from sodium nitroprusside in various intravenous
      solutions.
AB  - The concentration of cyanide, a toxic metabolite of sodium nitroprusside, in
      solutions other than 5% dextrose in water, has not been reported. In this study,
      cyanide ion levels were measured by a cyanide ion-specific electrode in 250 ml of
      six different intravenous solutions (5% dextrose in water, 10% dextrose in water,
      distilled water, 0.9% sodium chloride, and lactated Ringer's solution with and
      without 5% dextrose) exposed to 300 foot candles of fluorescent light for 72
      hours after sodium nitroprusside was dissolved in each solution. The rates of the
      increase in cyanide ion concentration in all six solutions were fairly constant
      between 4 and 24 hours. At 24 hours, there were no statistically significant
      differences in cyanide ion concentration among the six solutions. After 24 hours,
      the rate of the increase in cyanide ion concentration in the electrolyte
      solutions decreased more than that in the nonelectrolyte solutions. At 72 hours,
      the electrolyte-containing solutions had statistically significant lower mean
      cyanide ion concentrations than 5% dextrose, often the recommended diluent for
      sodium nitroprusside. There was no difference in mean cyanide ion concentration
      between lactated Ringer's solution with and without 5% dextrose. Solutions
      containing electrolytes are preferable to 5% dextrose for the dilution of sodium
      nitroprusside.

PMID- 3354872
TI  - Combined intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine for cesarean section.
AB  - The effects of adding 0.2 mg preservative-free morphine sulfate in 0.2 ml
      solution to hyperbaric spinal bupivacaine were evaluated in a double-blind
      randomized prospective study of 34 patients undergoing elective repeat cesarean
      section. In the control patients (n = 17), 0.2 ml saline instead of morphine was
      added to bupivacaine. The intrathecal morphine significantly improved intra- and
      postoperative analgesia, e.g., 82% of patients given morphine compared with 41%
      of the control patients did not require analgesic supplementation to the spinal
      anesthesia during surgery; postoperatively, the former patients did not request
      additional analgesia for 27 +/- 0.7 hours (mean +/- SEM) compared with 2 +/- 0.3
      hours in the control patients. Neonatal condition was not adversely affected by
      this small dose of morphine administered 11 +/- 1 minutes before delivery.
      Combining 0.2 mg morphine with hyperbaric spinal bupivacaine for cesarean section
      is a safe and effective method of improving intraoperative pain relief and
      providing adequate prolonged postoperative analgesia.

PMID- 3354873
TI  - Cimetidine does not inhibit plasma cholinesterase activity.
AB  - Cimetidine increases the duration of action of succinylcholine several-fold by an
      unknown mechanism. The hydrolysis rate of succinylcholine by human plasma was
      measured with a modified spectrophotometric assay. At a concentration of 1-50
      micrograms/ml cimetidine did not inhibit the hydrolysis of succinylcholine. It is
      concluded that cimetidine may have an effect at the neuromuscular junction but
      does not inhibit plasma cholinesterase.

PMID- 3354874
TI  - Sedative doses of midazolam depress hypoxic ventilatory responses in humans.
AB  - The effect of midazolam on the hypoxic ventilatory response of eight healthy
      volunteers was examined during isocapnic rebreathing. The magnitude of the slope
      of the ventilatory response to hypoxia (VE vs SaO2) decreased from 1.48 +/- 0.24
      to 0.70 +/- 0.13 L.min-1.%SaO2(-1) (means +/- SE, P less than 0.005) after
      midazolam 0.1 mg/kg IV. The calculated ventilation at an arterial saturation of
      90% also decreased from 28.6 +/- 4.4 to 19.9 +/- 2.7 L/min (P less than 0.05).
      Before midazolam, hypoxia to an SaO2 of 75 +/- 2% was associated with a 23 +/- 3
      beats/min increase in heart rate; after midazolam, the increase in heart rate
      with hypoxia was only 4 +/- 2 beats/min (P less than 0.001). Additionally, a
      double-blind crossover study evaluated the effect of physostigmine on awareness
      and hypoxic ventilatory response after midazolam. The change in hypoxic response
      slope after physostigmine 2.0 mg IV (an increase of 0.28 +/- 0.34 L.min-1.%SaO2(
      1] did not differ significantly from that after placebo (an increase of 0.03 +/-
      0.22 L.min-1.%SaO2(-1], although physostigmine significantly increased awareness.
      It is concluded that a sedative dose of midazolam depresses hypoxic ventilatory
      response and attenuates the hyperpnea and tachycardia associated with hypoxemia.
      Furthermore, physostigmine-glycopyrrolate reversal of midazolam-induced sedation
      was associated with nausea (five subjects), vomiting (three subjects), and
      tachycardia without reversal of the depressed hypoxic ventilatory response.

PMID- 3354875
TI  - Effects of aerosolized and/or intravenous lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to
      laryngoscopy and intubation in outpatients.
AB  - A randomized, double-blind study was carried out on 40 unpremedicated, ASA I-II
      adult surgical outpatients to assess the effects of aerosolized lidocaine,
      intravenous lidocaine, both, or neither, on circulatory responses to laryngoscopy
      and intubation. Lidocaine (4 mg/kg) or saline was given by nebulizer in the
      holding area beginning at -15 minutes. The patient underwent a standardized
      induction of anesthesia that included IV curare (3 mg) and O2 by facemask at
      minute 2, followed by IV thiopental (5 mg/kg) and succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) at
      minute 5. Lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or saline was given by IV push at minute 4.
      Laryngoscopy was begun at 5 minutes and continued for 45 seconds before
      intubation. Heart rate and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were
      automatically recorded at 1-minute intervals from 0 to 11 minutes. The four
      treatment groups included: group 1, aerosolized and IV saline; group 2,
      aerosolized saline, IV lidocaine; group 3, aerosolized lidocaine, IV saline; and
      group 4, aerosolized and IV lidocaine. There were no differences among the four
      treatment groups (n = ten per group) in any of the four hemodynamic variables
      before laryngoscopy and intubation. Within each group, after intubation all four
      hemodynamic variables increased significantly over the corresponding baseline
      values for that group. However, the maximum values attained after intubation did
      not differ significantly among the four treatment groups for any of the four
      hemodynamic variables, whether those maxima were expressed as absolute values or
      as a percentage of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354876
TI  - Combined anesthetic- and stress-induced malignant hyperthermia in two offspring
      of malignant hyperthermic-susceptible parents.

PMID- 3354877
TI  - Caudal epidural morphine for post-thoracotomy pain.

PMID- 3354878
TI  - High frequency positive-pressure ventilation for anterior thoracic spine fusion
      after a previous pneumonectomy.

PMID- 3354879
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica and transfusion-induced septicemia.

PMID- 3354880
TI  - Epidural butorphanol for the relief of postoperative pain.

PMID- 3354881
TI  - Winged scapula associated with epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3354882
TI  - Atracurium pretreatment for prevention of succinylcholine fasciculations.

PMID- 3354883
TI  - Effect of age on maximum circulating local anesthetic concentrations during
      epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3354884
TI  - Use of breathing-circuit stethoscopes can have complications.

PMID- 3354885
TI  - Should we all have a sympathectomy at birth? Or at least preoperatively?

PMID- 3354886
TI  - Comparative toxicity of halothane, isoflurane, hypoxia, and phenobarbital
      induction in monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Hypoxia, phenobarbital induction, and halothane anesthesia have been implicated
      in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity in the rat model. However, a controversy
      exists over the role of halothane in liver injury; does it act by reducing
      hepatic blood flow, thereby inducing hypoxia, or do its metabolites initiate the
      injury? These variables are difficult to separate during in vivo halothane
      exposure. In the present experiments, effects of halothane on hepatic perfusion
      were eliminated by exposing confluent monolayers of hepatocytes isolated from
      Fisher 344 rats livers, both with and without phenobarbital pretreatment, to 1.5%
      halothane or 2.0% isoflurane in 1%, 2%, or 4% (control) oxygen. Isoflurane
      exposure was included for a control of anesthetic effects on hepatocytes, because
      it is known to be metabolized minimally and probably is not associated with
      hepatic dysfunction. Oxygen levels were chosen to approximate those that may
      occur in the liver in vivo. Cell death was assayed via aspartate aminotransferase
      (AST) release, both immediately following a 2-h oxygen +/- anesthetic exposure
      and 6 h post-exposure. Per cent cell death data were analyzed using multiple
      regression techniques. Results obtained immediately, and 6 h after, exposure
      demonstrate that low oxygen levels, halothane, and phenobarbital were each highly
      significant factors (P less than .001) in relation to cell death, in agreement
      with the halothane-phenobarbital-hypoxia rat model. A toxic effect of isoflurane
      was not observed under identical experimental conditions. The results of the
      study clearly indicate that the origin of cell death in hepatocyte monolayers is
      multi-factorial; hypoxia, phenobarbital induction, and halothane exposure each
      contribute to the hepatocyte damage observed in our in vitro model.

PMID- 3354887
TI  - Non-invasive evaluation of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility with phosphorus
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Using in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy, the authors compared the NMR spectra of the
      flexor muscles of the forearm from 13 humans characterized as MH susceptible on
      the basis of in vitro caffeine/halothane contracture tests with those from 25
      normal controls. The levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi),
      and ATP during rest, graded exercise, and post-exercise recovery were measured in
      their forearms. MH susceptible subjects had significantly (P less than 0.001)
      higher Pi/PCr values (0.222 +/- 0.009) at rest than did normal controls (0.140 +/
      0.004). In addition, a significantly (P less than 0.01) slower post-exercise
      recovery rate was found in the MH-susceptible group. There was no significant
      difference between the two groups in the relationship of work rate to Pi/PCr.
      These data suggest that unchallenged MH susceptible patients can be distinguished
      from normals using 31P NMR spectroscopy. The potential use of this technique as a
      non-invasive tool in determining MH susceptibility is discussed, as well as the
      possible mechanisms underlying the observed 31P NMR abnormalities.

PMID- 3354888
TI  - Conscious state comparisons of the effects of the inhalation anesthetics and
      diltiazem, nifedipine, or verapamil on specialized atrioventricular conduction
      times in spontaneously beating dog hearts.
AB  - The effects of enflurane (ENF), halothane (HAL), and isoflurane (ISO) on
      specialized atrioventricular (AV) conduction times were contrasted to awake
      (control) in 22 chronically instrumented dogs. Dogs were studied with and without
      diltiazem (DIL), nifedipine (NIF), vehicle for NIF (VEH), or verapamil (VER).
      These calcium channel blockers (CCB) were administered iv to achieve clinically
      effective steady-state plasma levels in awake dogs. CCB plasma levels in awake
      dogs, subsequently anesthetized with ENF (N = 10), HAL (N = 10), or ISO (N = 11),
      were: DIL = 94 +/- 13 to 124 +/- 9 ng/ml, NIF = 4 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 2 ng/ml, VER 108
      +/- 23 to 147 +/- 9 ng/ml. Anesthetized dogs had approximate two-fold increases
      in plasma levels of DIL or VER. There was no anesthetic effect on plasma levels
      for NIF. In the absence of CCBs, HAL increased AV nodal conduction time (AVN)
      compared to awake. There was a 4-10% increase in His-Purkinje (HP) and
      ventricular (VENT) conduction time with each anesthetic. The CCBs did not alter
      HP or VENT in awake dogs, but AVN was increased 15-23% by DIL and 28-38% by VER.
      Three of ten dogs with VER developed complete heart block or AV junctional escape
      rhythm at each level of ENF. One dog with VER developed type I, 2 degrees
      (Wenckebach) AV block at each level of HAL and ISO. No dogs with DIL had heart
      block or escape rhythms during anesthesia. In anesthetized dogs without heart
      block or escape rhythms, the increase in AVN with VER ranged from 46 to 69%, and
      with DIL from 36 to 55%. The CCB had no added effects on HP or VENT with any
      anesthetic. Finally, there were no effects of NIF alone or with the anesthetics
      on specialized conduction that could not be attributed to VEH. The authors
      conclude that with the inhalation anesthetics, antiarrhythmic plasma levels of
      DIL or VER prolong AV nodal most compared to infranodal conduction time.
      Additionally, heart block or escape rhythms appear more likely with VER and any
      of the potent inhalation anesthetics.

PMID- 3354889
TI  - Halothane decreases albumin and transferrin synthesis: studies in the isolated,
      perfused rat liver and in the intact rat.
AB  - Isolated perfused rat livers exposed to 1.5% halothane (equivalent to 1.35 MAC)
      in O2/CO2 or to O2/CO2 alone produced urea, as well as albumin and transferrin
      (both measured by immunodiffusion), at constant rates during a 4.25-h perfusion.
      Urea production did not differ in the two treatment groups, but halothane
      depressed albumin and transferrin synthesis 43% and 45%, respectively. Intact
      rats were also exposed to halothane, after which albumin synthesis was measured
      by the (14C)carbonate technique. The minimum halothane concentration required to
      insure sufficient relaxation for ventilation was selected and ranged from 1.0 to
      1.5%. Measurements were made in control rats not exposed to halothane (group I)
      and in halothane exposed rats immediately after 1 h of anesthesia (group II), 24
      h after the start of 1 h of anesthesia (group III), and immediately after 1/2 h
      of anesthesia preceded by a 1-h exposure 24 h earlier (group IV). Single
      exposures to halothane (groups II and III) resulted in a decrease in albumin
      synthesis immediately or 24 h later that did not differ significantly from
      controls (group I). However, halothane given twice to rats at 24-h intervals
      (group IV) reduced their mean albumin synthesis rate to half that of controls.
      The early onset and constancy of halothane depression of export protein synthesis
      by isolated, perfused livers may reflect a response to halothane itself, rather
      than an effect resulting from the accumulation of halothane metabolites.
      Similarly, reduction of albumin synthesis in intact rats immediately after a
      second halothane exposure may indicate a response to halothane, rather than to
      halothane metabolites.

PMID- 3354890
TI  - Differential effects of inhalation anesthetics on myocardial potentiated-state
      contractions in vitro.
AB  - The effects of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane on myocardial potentiated
      state contractions were examined in a study in which each of the anesthetics was
      presented, in random order, to each of eight isolated rabbit papillary muscles.
      Post-rest potentiated-state contractions were elicited by imposing a stimulus at
      precisely timed intervals following a 2-Hz steady-state stimulus train. The
      strength of these contractions is known to be highly dependent on sarcoplasmic
      reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. The increment in tension developed in potentiated
      state, as compared to the steady state, is directly attributed to the
      potentiation process, and is defined here as potentiated-state strength (PSS).
      Effects of enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane on the time course of development
      of the potentiated state were characterized, as were the effects of incremental
      doses of these anesthetics on PSS. Anesthetic gas phase concentrations that
      produced 50% depression of contractile tension at 0.05 Hz steady-state
      stimulation were 0.6% halothane, 1.4% isoflurane, and 1.6% enflurane. Muscles
      exhibited maximal PSS of 0.91 +/- 0.01 g/mm2 in the absence of anesthetics.
      Halothane (0.6%) and enflurane (1.6%) caused significant depression of PSS to
      0.45 +/- 0.06 and 0.61 +/- 0.06 g/mm2, respectively, while isoflurane (1.4%)
      preserved PSS at 0.95 +/- 0.09 g/mm2. Concentration profiles showed that the
      depression of PSS by halothane and enflurane was dose dependent. Isoflurane, up
      to 2.3%, failed to depress PSS. The time interval for development of optimum PSS,
      1.5 to 2.0 s, was unaffected by any of the anesthetics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3354891
TI  - Comparison of nitroprusside and hydralazine in isolated uterine arteries from
      pregnant and nonpregnant patients.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative potency of
      nitroprusside and hydralazine with respect to inhibition of norepinephrine
      induced contraction of isolated, uterine arteries from pregnant and nonpregnant
      patients. The arteries, obtained after hysterectomy, were dissected free from
      surrounding tissue, and arterial rings were prepared and mounted in tissue
      chambers filled with Kreb's-bicarbonate solution. Isometric tension was recorded.
      At concentrations of 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M, both nitroprusside and hydralazine
      produced concentration-dependent inhibition of the contractile response to
      norepinephrine. Nitroprusside and hydralazine were more potent in relaxing
      arteries contracted by a lower concentration (3 X 10(-6) M) of norepinephrine
      than by a higher concentration (10(-5) M) of norepinephrine. Regardless of the
      concentration of norepinephrine, nitroprusside was considerably more potent than
      hydralazine. The concentrations of nitroprusside that produced 50% inhibition
      (IC50) of the contractile response to norepinephrine (3 X 10(-6) M) in uterine
      arteries from pregnant and nonpregnant patients were 3.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(-9) M (n =
      5) and 1.2 +/- 0.1 X 10(-9) M (n = 6), respectively. The IC50 values for
      hydralazine acting against norepinephrine (3 X 10(-6) M) in the uterine arteries
      from pregnant and nonpregnant patients were 5.1 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7) M (n = 5) and
      4.0 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7) M (n = 6), respectively. Nitroprusside (10(-6) M), compared
      to hydralazine (10(-5) M), produced the greater maximal inhibition of
      norepinephrine-induced contraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354892
TI  - The effects of sevoflurane on cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate for
      oxygen, intracranial pressure, and the electroencephalogram are similar to those
      of isoflurane in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of 0.5 and 1.0 MAC end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane on
      intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen, cerebral blood flow,
      and the electroencephalogram were compared to those of equi-MAC concentrations of
      isoflurane in rabbits anesthetized with morphine-nitrous oxide. At 1.0 MAC end
      tidal level, both sevoflurane and isoflurane caused a significant reduction in
      cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen of about 50%. Neither anesthetic caused a
      significant change in global cerebral blood flow or cortical cerebral blood flow
      during either 0.5 or 1.0 MAC administration. However, both sevoflurane and
      isoflurane caused small but significant increases in intracranial pressure during
      0.5 MAC and 1.0 MAC administration. The electroencephalogram of animals
      anesthetized with 1.0 MAC of either anesthetic demonstrated a burst suppression
      pattern with no evidence of spike or seizure activity. The data suggest that the
      effects of sevoflurane on cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate for
      oxygen, intracranial pressure, and the electroencephalogram are indistinguishable
      from those of equivalent concentrations of isoflurane in the rabbit.

PMID- 3354893
TI  - Synergistic interaction of morphine and halothane in the guinea pig ileum.
AB  - The present study describes the effects of halothane on morphine activity in the
      myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum.
      Morphine and halothane produced a dose-related inhibition of the electrically
      induced muscle contractions with IC50 of 1.9 X 10(-7) and 1.7 V/V%, respectively.
      The effects of morphine, but not halothane, were antagonized by naloxone. The
      IC50 of morphine was decreased in the presence of halothane (0.8-3.0 V/V%). Hill
      coefficients derived from dose-response curves were less than one for morphine or
      halothane alone, while it was 1.4 for the combination. The pA2 values (a measure
      of affinity of the antagonist for the opioid receptor) for naloxone in the
      absence and presence of halothane (1.6%) were 9.4 and 9.1, respectively. These
      results indicate that 1) halothane increases the potency of morphine in the
      guinea pig ileum at clinically relevant concentrations, 2) the interaction
      between the agents is synergistic, and 3) halothane does not modify the binding
      of naloxone to opioid receptors, but may affect membrane or intracellular
      processing of the receptor signal.

PMID- 3354894
TI  - Effects of halothane, enflurane, and nitrous oxide on oxyhemoglobin affinity.
AB  - To test whether anesthetics alter hemoglobin O2 affinity, venous blood was
      sampled from 27 healthy subjects before and during general anesthesia for
      appendectomy with halothane, enflurane, or nitrous oxide anesthesia. 0.110-ml
      aliquots of blood were equilibrated in microtonometers at 37 degrees C with known
      PO2 levels in gases containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 3% halothane, 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%,
      or 4% enflurane, or 60% N2O. pH was then measured and PO2 corrected to pH = 7.4.
      Saturation was determined spectrophotometrically (Radiometer OSM-2). P50 computed
      from this PO2 and measured saturation was increased 5% (P less than 0.01) when
      blood was tonometered with N2O, but not in blood samples taken during N2O
      anesthesia and then equilibrated without N2O. Halothane and enflurane had no
      effect. 2,3 DPG was not affected by any agent. The authors conclude that
      inhalational agents in use today do not cause the oxygen dissociation curve to
      change in a way which might jeopardize the patient's oxygenation.

PMID- 3354895
TI  - Azathioprine fails to alter the dose-response curve of d-tubocurarine in rats.
AB  - Cyclic 3':5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediated facilitation of
      neuromuscular (NM) transmission was previously implicated in the mechanisms of
      the reversal of nondepolarizing NM relaxants by azathioprine (AZA). This
      interaction of d-tubocurarine (dTC) with AZA was re-examined in rats and
      correlated to changes in cAMP in the same muscle. Three groups of animals were
      studied: controls, low-dose AZA (5 mg/kg), and high-dose AZA (50 mg/kg). After
      AZA or saline administration, dose-response (DR) curves for inhibition of
      gastrocnemius twitch tension by dTC were constructed. Contralateral gastrocnemius
      muscle was sampled for cAMP levels. In another group of animals, the response to
      5- and 50-mg/kg boluses of AZA was recorded during a steady-state twitch
      depression maintained with an infusion of dTC. No significant shift in the DR
      curve of dTC was observed following low- and high-dose AZA. During steady-state
      twitch depression, high-dose AZA, however, caused a transient reversal of twitch
      lasting 5-10 min. High-dose AZA caused a significant (P less than 0.006)
      elevation of cAMP levels (340 +/- 49 pmol/mg prot) compared to control (120 +/-
      18) and low-dose (163 +/- 24) AZA groups. These studies, therefore, document
      transient reversal of twitch tension by 50 mg/kg doses of AZA during a steady
      state dTC infusion. On the other hand, AZA administered prior to dTC in low (5
      mg/kg) and high (50 mg/kg) doses failed to cause a significant shift in the dTC
      DR curve. A three-fold increase in skeletal muscle cAMP induced by high-dose AZA
      does not alter dTC DR curves.

PMID- 3354896
TI  - Atrioventricular sequential pacemaker inhibition by transurethral electrosurgery.

PMID- 3354897
TI  - Spinal anesthesia with isobaric bupivacaine in infants.

PMID- 3354898
TI  - The dose-effect relationship of metocurine: the integrated electromyogram of the
      first dorsal interosseous muscle and the mechanomyogram of the adductor pollicis
      compared.

PMID- 3354899
TI  - Separation of the hub from the shaft of a disposable epidural needle.

PMID- 3354900
TI  - Horner's syndrome resulting from a lumbar sympathetic block.

PMID- 3354901
TI  - Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with Asherman's syndrome.

PMID- 3354902
TI  - Does labor affect the variability of maternal heart rate during induction of
      epidural anesthesia?

PMID- 3354903
TI  - Effect of epinephrine concentration on lidocaine disposition during epidural
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3354904
TI  - Anesthesia for laser resection of a tracheal tumor in a woman pregnant with
      twins.

PMID- 3354906
TI  - Regional anesthesia for cesarean section in a parturient with Noonan's syndrome.

PMID- 3354905
TI  - Anesthesia in familial dysautonomia.

PMID- 3354907
TI  - On the use of ophthalmic ointment to prevent corneal abrasions during general
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3354908
TI  - Modification of an anesthesia machine for use during magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3354909
TI  - A new endotracheal tube equipped with side ports for topical anesthesia of the
      trachea.

PMID- 3354910
TI  - The gum-elastic bougie: old but still useful.

PMID- 3354911
TI  - The effect of a second dose of succinylcholine on cardiac rate and rhythm
      following induction of anesthesia with ketamine.

PMID- 3354912
TI  - Differences between M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography.

PMID- 3354913
TI  - Isoflurane for radiotherapy in children?

PMID- 3354914
TI  - A modification of Magill's forceps.

PMID- 3354915
TI  - Use of glucose-containing solutions during surgery.

PMID- 3354916
TI  - Elevated blood glucose levels may increase the danger of neurological deficit
      following profoundly hypothermic cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3354917
TI  - Management of patients in whom trismus occurs following succinylcholine.

PMID- 3354918
TI  - Another use for swivel adaptors.

PMID- 3354919
TI  - Use of etomidate for elective cardioversion.

PMID- 3354920
TI  - Placement of a morbidly obese patient in the prone position.

PMID- 3354921
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in infants and small children: gantry
      modification.

PMID- 3354922
TI  - Determinants of left ventricular ejection fraction by ultrafast computed
      tomography.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measured by
      catheterization, single-plane angiography, and ultrafast computed tomography
      (cine CT). Twelve patients (mean age sixty-two years) had LVEF measured by use of
      the cine CT long-axis view LAV), and 15 patients (mean age fifty-eight years) had
      LVEF measured by use of the cine CT transaxial view (TAV). Cine CT LVEF was
      measured by means of two methods of edge detection (M1 and M2). A significant
      correlation was found between single-plane angiography and cine CT LAV LVEF (M1,
      r = .96; M2, r = .93). A lesser correlation was found for catheterization vs TAV
      cine CT LVEF (M1, r = .77; M2, r = .81). There was no significant difference
      between the two methods of edge detection for determining LVEF (M1 vs M2: LAV, r
      = .98; TAV, r = .94); however, there was significant variability in cavity
      volumes. Therefore, the LAV is superior to the TAV for measurement of LVEF by
      cine CT; however, different methods of edge detection, though affecting volumes,
      may not affect LVEF.

PMID- 3354923
TI  - Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: clinical and noninvasive evaluation.
AB  - Left ventricular echocardiograms performed within ninety-six hours of admission
      were prospectively correlated with the clinical course in 87 consecutive patients
      admitted with acute pulmonary edema. Patients were stratified into four groups
      based on their two-dimensional echocardiogram: hyperdynamic, normal, mildly
      reduced, and severely reduced. Echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular
      function were compared with their ejection fraction measured by the gated
      radioisotope technique. The authors found that 48% of the patients were either
      normal or hyperdynamic (38% and 10% respectively). Patients in these two groups
      had a greater incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (wall thickness greater
      than 13 mm) (66% vs 39%, p less than .05), hypertension on admission (BP greater
      than 160/100) (66% vs 41%, p = .05), and smaller end-diastolic dimension (p less
      than .05) than those with decreased left ventricular function. The authors
      conclude that echocardiography is a good screening test of left ventricular
      function in patients presenting with pulmonary edema. Patients with normal or
      increased left ventricular systolic function should be evaluated for correctable
      or treatable causes of acute pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3354924
TI  - Age- and sex-related changes in the ratio between ankle and brachial systolic
      pressure in normal subjects.
AB  - The ratio between ankle (ASP) and brachial (BSP) systolic pressure was studied by
      using Doppler ultrasound in 198 normal subjects aged between twenty and ninety
      years: 97 males and 101 females. The ASP/BSP ratio decreased significantly with
      age both in males (r = -0.64; p less than 0.001) and in females (r = -0.72; p
      less than 0.001). In males, the decrease in the ratio with age was due to a
      significant decrease in ASP with age (r = -0.52; p less than 0.001), whereas BSP
      did not increase significantly with age. In females, a different result was
      observed, since only BSP (and not ASP) was significantly (and positively)
      correlated with age. In both sexes, the diameter of the terminal abdominal aorta
      measured by echocardiography was significantly increased with age, and full
      examination with Doppler ultrasound excluded any significant arterial stenosis of
      the lower limbs. The study provided evidence that age- and sex-related changes in
      arterial wave transmission do exist in normal subjects.

PMID- 3354925
TI  - A physical model for the cardiovascular and the respiratory systems.
AB  - We propose a two degrees of freedom oscillating system to simulate the working of
      both respiratory and cardiovascular apparatus and to investigate the physico
      mathematical characteristics of a possible decoupling between the physiological
      systems. We suppose a double mathematical pendulum with forced and damped
      oscillations, with the first frequency equal to four times the second one; not
      only, does the system not give resonance or beatings, but it also simulates with
      reasonable approximation the ratio between natural relative frequencies. The two
      Langragian equations, that have form: (formula; see text) cannot be solved in an
      analytical way, even if we suppose an approximation for little oscillations. Now
      we are studying another two d-o-f mechanical system, with only one suspension
      point; we are also studying both the electrical equivalent circuits.

PMID- 3354926
TI  - Restriction by nitrendipine of excessive concentration of free intracellular
      calcium ions in ventricular myocardium of hypertensive rats.
AB  - In earlier investigations it has been found that high arterial blood pressure of
      salt-sensitive DAHL rats (DAHL-S) that received a diet containing 8% NaCl could
      be normalized by chronic treatment with specific calcium antagonists, as for
      instance, nitrendipine or anipamil. Parallel measurements on heart and arterial
      vasculature with atomic absorption spectrometry revealed that there was a rise in
      absolute calcium content upon development of hypertension, whereas under the
      influence of nitrendipine, not only the blood pressure and heart weight but also
      myocardial (and arterial) tissue calcium content remained in the physiologic
      range. In the present study, an additional determination of the free
      intracellular calcium ion concentration with Ca-sensitive microelectrodes was
      carried out. For technical reasons, the measurements were restricted to isolated
      resting rat papillary muscles (stretched to optimal length in a perfusion bath of
      1.5 ml at 30 degrees C in normal Tyrode solution). The impalement of the
      electrodes was considered adequate when the heights of Ca potential and membrane
      potential were constant for more than twenty minutes. In order to produce severe
      systemic hypertension, a group of six-week-old DAHL-S rats was fed with an 8%
      NaCl diet over five weeks. Another group of DAHL-S rats received additionally 150
      mg/kg nitrendipine twice a day orally. Salt-resistant DAHL-R rats, also fed with
      an 8% NaCl diet, served as controls. The findings of this preliminary study are
      as follows (n = 5 in each group): (table; see text).

PMID- 3354927
TI  - Double-chambered right ventricle demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging
      before cardiac catheterization--case report.
AB  - Double-chambered right ventricle is often misdiagnosed clinically and may be
      missed at cardiac catheterization. The authors encountered a fifty-six-year-old
      man who had double-chambered right ventricle, which was clearly demonstrated by
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before cardiac catheterization. The right
      ventricle was divided into two chambers by hypertrophic muscular bands at the
      coronal planes. This finding was confirmed by selective angiography, and the
      pressure gradient in the right ventricle was 98 mmHg. Thus, MRI should be
      performed in the case of right ventricular obstruction to evaluate the site and
      extent of obstruction before cardiac catheterization.

PMID- 3354929
TI  - Pirmenol--a new anti-arrhythmic agent--a clinical overview. International
      colloquium.

PMID- 3354928
TI  - Disappearing false aneurysm of the ventricular septum without rupture: a
      complication of acute inferior myocardial infarction--a case report.
AB  - An interseptal false aneurysm of the left ventricle due to the dissection of the
      septum in a patient with acute inferior myocardial infarction is described. The
      aneurysm was demonstrated as a cystic bulge of the left ventricular cavity into
      the inferoposterior interventricular septum with a small orifice from the left
      ventricle without any protrusion or rupture into the right ventricular cavity.
      Two-dimensional echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dynamic
      computed tomography were the most useful and reliable noninvasive diagnostic
      modalities. Repeated examinations demonstrated a significant reduction of the
      aneurysm in six months.

PMID- 3354930
TI  - Preclinical toxicology of pirmenol hydrochloride.
AB  - Pirmenol hydrochloride (CI-845), a new orally effective antiarrhythmic agent, has
      undergone a comprehensive preclinical safety evaluation program. Repeated dose
      studies to evaluate chronic toxicity in rodents revealed few drug-related
      findings. A dose-related body weight gain suppression occurred in mice receiving
      up to 160 mg/kg for thirteen weeks. Rats also exhibited decreased body weight in
      a fifty-two-week study. Depressed fasting glucose levels were seen in rats at 50
      mg/kg after thirteen weeks, but this effect was less prominent following fifty
      two weeks of dosing. No other drug-related signs of toxicity were seen in
      rodents. Four-week repeated-dose intravenous studies in rats were uneventful.
      Occasional emesis and salivation, together with dryness of the oral mucosa,
      occurred in dogs given 10 mg/kg intravenously for four weeks. Drug-related
      increased heart rates, increased QRS duration, and reduced ST interval were seen
      thirty minutes postdose in dogs receiving 5 mg/kg or more intravenously. When
      dogs received pirmenol orally for fifty-two weeks, electrocardiographic and heart
      rate changes were variable and less pronounced than seen in the intravenous
      study. Clinical signs consisted of exaggerated pharmacologic responses similar to
      those found after intravenous dosing. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits
      showed that pirmenol is not teratogenic. Reduced food intake and a 50% decrease
      in body weight gain were seen in rats at the top dose level of 150 mg/kg.
      Significantly reduced mean fetal weight and increased postimplantation loss
      indicated that 150 mg/kg was embryotoxic to rats. A top dose of 50 mg/kg in
      rabbits did not produce any signs of maternal or fetotoxicity, aside from a
      moderate suppression of maternal weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354931
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous pirmenol.
AB  - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous pirmenol were studied in 21 subjects
      instrumented with peripheral arterial, pulmonary artery, and left ventricular
      catheters. Baseline measurements of heart rate, cardiac output, pulmonary artery
      pressure, systemic arterial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure,
      left ventricular stroke work, and ejection fraction were obtained. An infusion of
      pirmenol hydrochloride was administered and hemodynamic measurements were
      repeated an average of 16.1 minutes following the start of the infusion after a
      new stable hemodynamic state was achieved. Significant increases in heart rate
      and systemic arterial pressure were noted. There were no significant changes in
      cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure. Significant reductions in left ventricular stroke work and ejection
      fraction were demonstrated. The amount of decrease in the ejection fraction was
      not related to the plasma pirmenol level achieved or to the baseline level of
      ventricular function. These findings suggest a negative inotropic effect of acute
      infusions of pirmenol and suggest caution should be used in its administration to
      patients with compromised left ventricular performance.

PMID- 3354932
TI  - Myocardial oxygen delivery/consumption during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a
      comparison of epinephrine and phenylephrine.
AB  - Our study compared the effect of high-dose epinephrine with the pure alpha
      agonist phenylephrine on regional myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen
      delivery (MDO2), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and defibrillation rates
      during CPR. Fifteen swine weighing more than 15 kg were instrumented for
      measurement of regional MBF using radiolabeled tracer microspheres. Measurements
      of regional MBF, MDO2, and MVO2 were made during normal sinus rhythm. Ventricular
      fibrillation was induced and persisted for ten minutes. CPR was begun using a
      pneumatic compression device. Regional MBF, MDO2, and MVO2 were measured during
      CPR. Following three minutes of CPR, animals (N = 15) were allocated to one of
      three groups (n = 5): Group 1, epinephrine 0.2 mg/kg; Group 2, phenylephrine 0.1
      mg/kg; or Group 3, phenylephrine 1.0 mg/kg. Measurements of regional MBF, MDO2,
      and MVO2 were repeated after drug administration. Extraction ratios, defined as
      MVO2/MDO2, were calculated during normal sinus rhythm, CPR, and after drug
      administration. Defibrillation was attempted 3 1/2 minutes after drug
      administration. There was no significant difference in MBF, MDO2, MVO2, and
      extraction ratio during normal sinus rhythm and CPR for any of the groups. Total
      MBF following drug administration was 67.2 +/- 49.4 mL/min/100 g for the group
      receiving epinephrine 0.2 mg/kg; 7.0 +/- 7.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving
      phenylephrine 0.1 mg/kg; and 36.7 +/- 21.1 mL/min/100 g for the group receiving
      phenylephrine 1.0 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354933
TI  - Complications from i.v. therapy: results from field-started and emergency
      department-started i.v.'s compared.
AB  - Because the complications resulting from IV therapy started outside the hospital
      seem inordinately higher than those resulting from IV therapy started in the
      emergency department, we undertook a comparative two-month study of the
      complications resulting from both sources. We found the number and severity of
      complications from IV therapy started in the field significantly greater than
      complications from that started in the ED. The phlebitis rate in the prehospital
      group was 4.65 times that in the ED group (P less than .001). The percentage of
      patients with unexplained fever in the prehospital group was 5.58 times that in
      the ED group (P less than .01). Means for reducing the complications and areas
      for further research are suggested.

PMID- 3354934
TI  - New perspectives on rural EMT defibrillation.
AB  - In recent years, several studies have produced contradictory data regarding the
      impact of emergency medical technicians trained in defibrillation on hospital
      admission and dismissal survival rates in rural areas. Fourteen communities
      (service area populations, 4,000 to 36,000) in rural south-eastern Minnesota
      participated in a two-year crossover study to further define the factors
      necessary for success. Automatic external defibrillators were used to
      defibrillate and record patient rhythms in the treatment group and to only record
      in the control group. Although six of 36 patients (17%) in ventricular
      fibrillation who experienced a witnessed arrest survived in communities using
      automatic external defibrillators, compared with one of 27 (4%) in the control
      group, five of the six survivors were from a single large community with a 911
      system, full-time emergency medical technicians, police first-responders, and a
      well-equipped emergency facility. Our data suggest that certain prerequisites,
      especially CPR prior to ambulance arrival and collapse to defibrillation times of
      less than ten minutes, are clearly essential to produce significant benefits from
      emergency medical technicians trained in defibrillation in rural communities.

PMID- 3354935
TI  - The use of epinephrine in the treatment of older adult asthmatics.
AB  - Three subcutaneous doses of 0.3 mL 1:1,000 epinephrine were given 20 minutes
      apart to 95 adult asthmatics 15 to 96 years old during 108 asthma exacerbations.
      Patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction or of angina were
      excluded from our study. Heart rhythm and rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate,
      and clinical response were prospectively evaluated before, during, and after the
      administration of epinephrine. There was no significant difference in the
      occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias between patients less than 40 and more than
      40 years old. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean heart rate,
      and mean respiratory rate decreased with treatment in the older population. Our
      results suggest that epinephrine is safe to use in acute asthmatics of any age.

PMID- 3354936
TI  - Sitting oral-tracheal intubation.
AB  - Sitting oral-tracheal intubation is a useful technique for rapid airway control
      in the patient for whom maintenance of the upright posture is desirable. The
      technique consists of introducing the endotracheal tube with the patient in the
      sitting or semi-sitting position. Specific positioning of both patient and
      operator is required.

PMID- 3354937
TI  - Computerized mega code recording.
AB  - A system has been developed to facilitate recording of advanced cardiac life
      support mega code testing scenarios. By scanning a paper "keyboard" using a bar
      code wand attached to a portable microcomputer, the person assigned to record the
      scenario can easily generate an accurate, complete, timed, and typewritten record
      of the given situations and the obtained responses.

PMID- 3354938
TI  - Thyroid storm presenting as coma.
AB  - Presented is the case of a 32-year-old man admitted with coma, hyperthermia, and
      tachycardia. The patient had a progressive downhill course and died in the
      medical ICU ten hours after admission. Autopsy and further investigation revealed
      thyroid storm as the most likely cause of death.

PMID- 3354939
TI  - Complete maternal and fetal recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest.
AB  - A case of complete maternal and fetal recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest
      from massive lidocaine overdose is presented. A 27-year-old woman at 15 weeks
      gestation had a complete neurologic recovery after 22 minutes of CPR, including
      19 minutes of electromechanical dissociation and asystole, with normal fetal
      heart function and fetal motion confirmed by ultrasound immediately after
      resuscitation. The patient delivered a healthy and neurologically normal infant
      at 40 weeks gestation. This is the longest cardiac arrest in early pregnancy
      reported in the medical literature with normal maternal and fetal outcome.

PMID- 3354940
TI  - Delayed diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia during pregnancy.
AB  - We present a case of delay in diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture and herniation
      in a pregnant 25-year-old woman. The diaphragmatic rupture was secondary to
      trauma sustained five months prior to presentation. Subsequent to her accident,
      she was provided medical care on multiple occasions for symptoms of intractable
      nausea, vomiting, and weight loss that were probably related to an expanding
      uterus and diaphragmatic herniation of abdominal contents. At the time she
      presented to us the herniation had progressed and she was experiencing severe
      respiratory difficulty. A nasogastric tube was placed for diagnosis and
      decompression. A chest radiograph provided the diagnosis of herniation of
      gastrointestinal contents through the left hemidiaphragm. A healthy 5-lb boy was
      delivered vaginally and subsequently a left thoracotomy was performed for
      decompression and repair of the diaphragm. The patient's hospital course after
      hernia repair was uneventful.

PMID- 3354941
TI  - Treatment of asthma-related respiratory arrest with endotracheal albuterol
      (salbutamol).
AB  - An albuterol (salbutamol) sulphate solution was successfully administered
      endotracheally to a 67-year-old woman suffering severe bronchospasm and impending
      ventilatory arrest secondary to asthma. Following two doses of endotracheal
      albuterol her clinical status and arterial blood gases improved dramatically. She
      was extubated shortly after and had an uneventful recovery. The endotracheal
      route for albuterol administration appears to provide an effective method of
      delivery to the bronchial tree when the asthmatic patient has been intubated.

PMID- 3354942
TI  - Severe optic neuritis in infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Because the presentation and clinical features of infectious mononucleosis can be
      misleading in the elderly, a significant number of infections may go
      unrecognized. We report an unusual case of infectious mononucleosis in a 61-year
      old man in whom marked visual impairment was the presenting complaint and severe
      optic neuritis was the only prominent finding. Confirmation of the diagnosis was
      made by serologic testing for Epstein-Barr virus antibody. Recovery of visual
      function was near complete, but optic atrophy persisted. We reviewed the English
      literature and collected seven cases of well-documented optic neuritis associated
      with infectious mononucleosis. A clinical profile of parainfectious optic
      neuritis is discussed along with the likely pathogenesis for this complication.

PMID- 3354943
TI  - Simultaneous dorsal dislocation of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
      in one digit.
AB  - Dorsal dislocation of a proximal and distal interphalangeal joint is a common
      clinical problem. However, simultaneous dorsal dislocation of both
      interphalangeal joints in a single digit is rare. We describe the first case of
      an open, simultaneous proximal and distal interphalangeal dislocation. Patient
      outcome following vigorous wound care, closed reduction, and four weeks of
      immobilization was excellent. Review of reported cases revealed that these
      injuries occur most commonly in men, on the dominant hand, and in association
      with sporting injuries or falls, and typically have a good outcome following
      closed reduction and splinting.

PMID- 3354944
TI  - Medical research and editorial peer review: a crisis of confidence.

PMID- 3354945
TI  - Adverse reactions to chlorpromazine in the treatment of migraine.

PMID- 3354946
TI  - Tricyclic overdose: consciousness as a predictor of complications.

PMID- 3354947
TI  - Sudden death in the ED: telling the living.

PMID- 3354948
TI  - Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms.

PMID- 3354949
TI  - Beware: Vietnamese coin rubbing.

PMID- 3354950
TI  - Data analysis for cervical spine injuries.

PMID- 3354951
TI  - Evolving patterns of residency duration.

PMID- 3354952
TI  - G-force induction of arrested preterm labor.

PMID- 3354953
TI  - A trial of scrubbing sutured lacerations.

PMID- 3354954
TI  - Clonidine overdose and opiate withdrawal.

PMID- 3354955
TI  - Effect of atropine on cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry in the dog.
AB  - Effects of atropine on cystometry and urethral pressure profilometry were
      examined in 12 healthy young adult dogs by comparing recordings obtained after
      xylazine alone with those obtained after administration of xylazine and atropine.
      Significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were not found, indicating that
      atropine, when administered SC with xylazine, did not markedly affect
      cystometrographic results and urethral pressure profiles.

PMID- 3354956
TI  - Spinal nerve root origins of the cutaneous nerves of the canine pelvic limb.
AB  - The spinal nerve root origins of the cutaneous nerves innervating the canine
      pelvic limb were determined in 12 barbiturate-anesthetized, healthy dogs by
      stimulating the dorsal roots L1-S3 and recording the evoked-action potentials
      from each cutaneous nerve. The dogs were then euthanatized, identification of
      each dorsal root and cutaneous nerve was verified by dissection, and the type of
      lumbosacral plexus (prefixed, median fixed, or postfixed) was determined. With
      one exception, the dorsal cutaneous branches and lateral cutaneous branches of L1
      L3 originated only from their corresponding spinal nerve roots. The genitofemoral
      nerve received afferent fibers predominantly from L3-L4 nerve roots. The lateral
      cutaneous femoral nerve originated from L3-L5 nerve roots, and the saphenous
      nerve from L4-L6 nerve roots. The proximal caudal cutaneous sural nerve
      originated from L6-S1. The lateral cutaneous sural nerve originated from L5-S1;
      the deep and superficial fibular nerves arose primarily from L6-L7. The distal
      caudal cutaneous sural nerve originated predominantly from L7-S1, and the medial
      cutaneous tarsal nerve originated from L6-S1. The medial plantar nerve originated
      predominantly from L6-S1 roots, whereas the lateral plantar nerve originated from
      L6-S2 roots. The middle clunial nerve received afferent fibers primarily from S1
      S2; the caudal clunial nerve received fibers from S1-S3. The caudal cutaneous
      femoral nerve originated predominantly from L7-S2. The dorsal nerve of the penis
      originated predominantly from S1-S2, and the superficial perineal nerve
      originated from S1-S3. One dog had a prefixed plexus, 8 dogs had median-fixed
      plexuses, and 1 dog had a postfixed plexus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354957
TI  - Hereditary parakeratosis in shorthorn beef calves.
AB  - Parakeratosis was diagnosed in 9 Shorthorn beef calves over a 4-year period. When
      pedigrees of these calves were analyzed, familial associations were strong.
      Thirty-six coefficients of relationship among all possible combinations of the 9
      affected calves ranged from 0.5 to 39.8% and averaged 15.6%. All affected calves
      were descendants of bull A. Of 9 affected calves, 6 had bull A in their paternal
      and maternal pedigrees. The 3 remaining affected calves had bull A in their
      sire's pedigree and were born to 2 full-sib dams. Seemingly, parakeratosis in
      this Shorthorn herd was hereditary with the mode of inheritance being that of a
      simple autosomal recessive.

PMID- 3354958
TI  - Synergistic effects of Fusobacterium necrophorum lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic,
      and culture supernatant fractions on induction of acute hepatic necrosis in
      rabbits.
AB  - Synergistic effects of toxic fractions of Fusobacterium necrophorum were examined
      for evaluation of the role of the toxin in inducing liver abscesses in rabbits.
      Cytoplasmic and culture supernatant fractions of F necrophorum had preparative
      activity for the Shwartzman reaction, and lipopolysaccharide of F necrophorum had
      preparative and provocative activities for the reaction. All 3 fractions were
      hepatotoxic. Inoculation into the bile duct with each fraction followed by
      intravenous inoculation with F necrophorum or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
      had a greater synergistic effect in inducing severe hepatic necrosis than did
      inoculations with double doses of the cytoplasmic or supernatant fractions of F
      necrophorum. This synergism may have been attributable to the Shwartzman
      reaction.

PMID- 3354959
TI  - Plasma heparin values and hemostasis in equids after subcutaneous administration
      of low-dose calcium heparin.
AB  - Different doses of heparin were given to equids SC to establish 0.05 to 0.20 U of
      heparin/ml of plasma. Plasma heparin values and antithrombin III activities were
      assayed, using chromogenic substrate methods. Activated partial thromboplastin
      and thrombin times were determined, using conventional coagulation assays. Tests
      were run every hour (or every 2 hours for antithrombin III) for 12 hours from 5
      groups of 5 equids each after single injection of 40, 60, 80, 100, or 125 U of
      calcium heparin/kg of body weight and from 11 equids after injection of 150 U of
      calcium heparin/kg. The smaller dose (40 U/kg) did not or only insufficiently
      increase plasma heparin values. After 150 U of heparin/kg, plasma heparin
      concentrations were increased for 11 hours and were significantly (P = 0.05)
      increased between postadministration hours 2 and 7. The desired range beyond 0.05
      U of heparin/ml was achieved between postadministration hours 2 and 6.
      Antithrombin III, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time were
      not significantly affected by any heparin dose. In cumulative studies, 2 equids
      were given 150 U of heparin/kg 7 times at 12-hour intervals. After the 3rd
      injection, a mean plasma concentration of 0.20 U of heparin/ml was achieved;
      after the 7th injection, the mean concentration was 0.22 U of heparin/ml. Four
      equids were given 150 U of heparin/kg initially, followed by 125 U of heparin/kg
      6 times at 12-hour intervals. After the 3rd injection, a maximal plasma heparin
      concentration of 0.12 U of heparin/ml was achieved; after the 7th injection, the
      mean concentration was 0.18 U of heparin/ml. Repeated SC heparin injections
      caused moderate swelling at the injection sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354960
TI  - Effects of halothane anesthesia on the clearance of gentamicin sulfate in horses.
AB  - Inhalation anesthetics decrease the clearance of some drugs that are eliminated
      by renal excretion. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the
      effects of halothane anesthesia on the pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of
      gentamicin sulfate, using the horse as a model. Using a crossover design,
      pharmacokinetic values after a single IV dose of gentamicin (4 mg/kg) were
      compared in halothane-anesthetized and unanesthetized horses. Compared with
      unanesthetized horses, the anesthetized horses had significant decreases in total
      body clearance (P less than 0.01) and apparent volume of distribution (P less
      than 0.05), and a significant increase in half-life (P less than 0.05) of
      gentamicin.

PMID- 3354961
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and intramuscularly administered ticarcillin
      and clavulanic acid in foals.
AB  - Serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were measured in healthy
      foals (2 to 6 months old) given the drugs in combination by intravenous and
      intramuscular routes of administration. Five foals were administered 50 mg of
      ticarcillin/kg of body weight and 1.67 mg of clavulanic acid/kg, IV. Five foals
      were administered 100 mg of ticarcillin/kg and 3.33 mg of clavulanic acid/kg, IV,
      and 4 of those 5 were given the same combined dose IM. The elimination half-life
      of ticarcillin for intravenous administration was 0.83 hour for the low dosage
      and 0.96 hour for the high dosage. After intramuscular administration, the half
      life of elimination was 2.9 hours, with bioavailability of 54.6%. For IV
      administered clavulanic acid, the elimination half-life was 0.65 hour for the low
      dosage and 0.74 hour for the high dosage. After intramuscular administration, the
      elimination half-life was 0.92 hour, and bioavailability was 68.1%. A combined
      dosage, 50 mg of ticarcillin/kg and 1.67 mg of clavulanic acid/kg, given every 6
      hours is recommended.

PMID- 3354962
TI  - Efficacy and toxicity of tamoxifen citrate for prevention and termination of
      pregnancy in bitches.
AB  - Five groups of bitches were given tamoxifen citrate (1 mg/kg of body weight)
      orally twice daily for 10 days. Drug administration commenced during late
      proestrus, day 4 of estrus, day 2 of diestrus, day 15 of diestrus, or day 30 of
      diestrus (n = 4/group). Nineteen of the bitches accepted natural mating by 1 or
      more of 3 stud dogs of known fertility (1 bitch did not). Twenty days after
      cessation of drug administration, ovarian, uterine, and hepatic specimens were
      obtained from each bitch in 4 of the groups. Pregnancy proceeded to natural
      termination in bitches of the remaining group (diestrous day 30). Pregnancy was
      not detected in any bitch of the proestrus, estrous, or early diestrous groups.
      Of 4 bitches of each of the remaining groups (diestrous day 15 and diestrous day
      30), 2 aborted fetuses and/or resorbed placental remnants; the other 2 bitches in
      each of these groups had normal-appearing fetuses (diestrous day-15 group) or
      clinically normal pups (diestrous day-30 group). Of the 20 bitches given
      tamoxifen citrate, 5 developed endometritis with or without pyometra, and 4 of
      these had ovarian cysts. Although tamoxifen citrate is effective for preventing
      or terminating pregnancy in the bitch, the regimen used in the study reported
      here was associated with high frequency of pathologic changes in the reproductive
      tract.

PMID- 3354963
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous
      administration in cats.
AB  - Six adult mixed breed cats were given 5 mg of gentamicin sulfate/kg of body
      weight by rapid IV, IM, or SC injection. The serum concentration vs time data
      were analyzed, using a noncompartmental model based on statistical moment theory.
      The mean +/- SD for the effective half-life after IV administration was 1.25 +/-
      0.30 hours. Mean residence time was 1.80 +/- 0.43 hours. The apparent volume of
      distribution at steady state was 0.14 +/- 0.02 L/kg. Total body clearance was
      1.38 +/- 0.35 ml/min/kg. Bioavailability was 67.8% after IM and 76.2% after SC
      administration. A recommended dosage of 3 mg of gentamicin/kg every 8 hours was
      calculated; this dosage would induce an average steady state serum gentamicin
      concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. The SC route of administration was preferred
      because of rapid absorption, good bioavailability, and ease of administration.

PMID- 3354964
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline in the turkey: evaluation of biliary
      secretion.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline (CTC) in plasma and bile after
      intravenous administration in turkeys was ascertained. After a dose of CTC (0.9
      mg/kg) was administered IV, 8.5% of the dose appeared in the bile in 4 hours. The
      peak bile/plasma concentration ratio for CTC was 254 at 2 hours. The bile/plasma
      concentration ratio was greater than 1 from 10 to 240 minutes after CTC
      administration.

PMID- 3354965
TI  - Development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine
      antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica: constructing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay titer.
AB  - A 2-stage strategy was developed and evaluated for estimating serum antibody
      titer by use of ELISA and a series of dilutions. In stage 1, the linear response
      region and least-square estimate of the assay line slope were established from 9
      point dilution assays. Provided that the reading was within the linear response
      region, this information was used in the stage-2 estimation of titer from a
      single absorbance reading. Operationally, 2 fixed dilutions were selected, one
      suitably low and one suitably high, to provide at least one reading within the
      linear region. The procedure should save considerable time when a large number of
      assays are to be performed. Stage 1 required approximately twenty 9-point assays,
      but all subsequent assays required only 2 fixed dilutions.

PMID- 3354966
TI  - Relationship between immunoglobulin concentrations in milk and phagocytosis by
      bovine neutrophils.
AB  - Using bovine neutrophils and radio-labelled Staphylococcus aureus, skim milk
      samples taken at 4 stages of lactation from the 4 mammary quarters of 48 cows
      were used in an in vitro phagocytosis assay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype
      concentrations in the milk samples were estimated by use of an ELISA procedure.
      To determine associations of Ig concentrations with phagocytosis, correlations,
      simple regressions, and partial regressions were calculated. Simple correlations
      were computed between each Ig isotype and phagocytosis percentage for each
      lactation number stage of lactation category. Ranges of these correlations for
      IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA were 0.33 to 0.60; -0.16 to 0.43; 0.04 to 0.46; and 
      0.30 to 0.36, respectively. Correlations for concentrations of IgG2 and IgM with
      percentage of phagocytosis tended to be slightly higher for samples from older
      cows, in contrast to the correlations calculated for IgA and IgG1. Multiple
      regression of percentage of phagocytosis calculated simultaneously on
      concentrations of the 4 Ig isotypes in the sample indicated that IgM, followed by
      IgG2 and IgA, was most closely associated with phagocytosis. Partial regression
      calculated on concentration of IgG1 was not significant. Addition of
      bacteriologic status of the quarter and somatic cell concentration in the milk
      sample did not increase accuracy of predicting percentage of phagocytosis,
      compared with use of Ig concentrations alone. These results supported the
      attribution of unique modes of action to IgM and IgG2 in promoting phagocytosis
      by neutrophils.

PMID- 3354967
TI  - Expression of metabolism-inhibition antibodies against Mycoplasma arthritidis in
      rats.
AB  - Shared antigens between Mycoplasma arthritidis and rat tissues may be responsible
      for the lack of metabolism-inhibition (MI) and other neutralizing antibodies in
      rats with M arthritidis-induced arthritis. We were not able to confirm such
      antigens or to detect cross-reacting antigens between M arthritidis and rat
      lymphocytes, thymocytes, and muscle tissue. Antisera of rabbit origin to rat
      lymphocytes, thymocytes, and skeletal muscle reacted by ELISA with M arthritidis
      only when the mycoplasmal antigens were prepared from organisms grown in medium
      containing horse serum. Such activity could be completely absorbed by horse
      serum. These antisera to rat tissues also failed to react by
      radioimmunoprecipitation with M arthritidis surface antigens. In addition,
      antibody activity against homologous antigens could not be absorbed by M
      arthritidis. Similarly, antisera of rabbit origin against M arthritidis failed to
      react by ELISA specifically with rat lymphocytes, thymocytes, and skeletal muscle
      or to react by radioimmunoprecipitation with 125I-labeled rat lymphocyte
      antigens. These rat tissues could not specifically absorb antibodies against M
      arthritidis from antisera of rabbit origin. These findings suggest that the lack
      of MI antibodies in rats probably can not be explained by rat tissue antigens
      that cross-react with M arthritidis MI antigens. Finally, antisera of rat origin
      against M arthritidis and other rat tissue components failed to block rabbit MI
      activity against M arthritidis, thus arguing against steric hindrance as a means
      of preventing recognition of MI antigens.

PMID- 3354968
TI  - Bacteriologic and histologic studies of hepatic abscesses in cattle.
AB  - Twenty-eight abscessed livers were collected from feedlot cattle at an abattoir;
      specimens were obtained from 49 abscesses for bacteriologic culture and for
      histologic examination. Cultural procedures included techniques to enumerate and
      isolate facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria were
      isolated from all 49 abscesses, whereas facultative bacteria were isolated from
      only 22. Mean bacterial counts for anaerobic and facultative bacteria were 3 X
      10(8) and 8 X 10(8) bacteria/g of purulent material, respectively. Fusobacterium
      necrophorum, the only anaerobe isolated, was detected in 100% of the abscesses.
      Fusobacterium necrophorum biotype A was isolated from 57% of the abscesses (in
      pure culture from 75%), and F necrophorum biotype B was isolated from 47% of the
      abscesses (from 96% with mixed infections). Corynebacterium pyogenes was the
      predominant facultative bacterium isolated. Histologic changes in abscesses were
      qualitatively similar; abscesses were pyogranulomatous, with a necrotic center
      surrounded by zones of inflammatory tissue. However, the severity of lesions
      varied, depending on the F necrophorum biotype involved. Portal triad fibrosis
      and bile-duct proliferation were most severe in biotype A and mixed biotype B
      infections and less severe in abscesses from which biotype B was isolated in pure
      culture.

PMID- 3354969
TI  - Adherence of Haemophilus somnus to bovine embryos after in vitro exposure.
AB  - Preimplantation bovine embryos were exposed in vitro to Haemophilus somnus to
      determine whether the bacteria would adhere to zona pellucida-intact embryos or
      would adhere to or infect zona pellucida-free embryos. The effect of H somnus on
      in vitro embryonic development also was investigated. After exposure to H somnus
      and before washing, some of the zona pellucida-intact embryos were held in
      antibiotic-containing medium. Haemophilus somnus was isolated from 10 to 42 zona
      pellucida-intact embryos and none of the zona pellucida-free embryos. Haemophilus
      somnus was not recovered from any of the 32 antibiotic-treated embryos. The
      coculture system was not compatible with normal embryonic development, and all
      embryos had begun to degenerate by the end of the 18-hour exposure period.

PMID- 3354970
TI  - Chronic flunixin meglumine therapy in foals.
AB  - Effects of a therapeutic dose of flunixin meglumine on gastric mucosa of horse
      foals were determined by endoscopy, double-contrast radiography, and gross and
      histologic examinations. Foals were administered 1.1 mg of flunixin meglumine/kg
      of body weight, PO/day for 30 days in an encapsulated form that was divided into
      2 doses/day (group 1; n = 3) or by IM injection once a day (group 2; n = 7).
      Three control foals (group 3; n = 3) were administered capsules (n = 1)
      containing dextrose powder or IM injections (n = 2) of vehicle solution without
      flunixin meglumine. All 3 groups-1 foals given flunixin meglumine PO developed
      oral ulcers. Group-2 foals given flunixin meglumine IM did not develop oral
      ulcers. One control foal (group 3) developed 1 oral ulcer that healed during the
      study. Endoscopic examination revealed linear crease-like mucosal lesions in the
      glandular portion of the stomach in 2 group-2 foals. Radiographic evidence of
      gastric ulcers was observed in only 1 gastrogram of a group-1 foal. Foals were
      euthanatized, and necropsy revealed erosions and/or ulcers of the glandular
      portion of the stomach. Oral ulcers were observed in all 3 group-1 foals.
      Erosions of the glandular portion of the stomach developed in all 10 foals given
      flunixin meglumine, but did not develop in group-3 foals. Ulceration of the
      glandular portion of the stomach was present in 1 group-2 foal.

PMID- 3354971
TI  - Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after gastric
      fundectomy in dogs.
AB  - The gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was
      investigated in 6 conscious, fed dogs before and after gastric fundectomy. Using
      a perfused 4-lumen catheter with a Dent sleeve, gastric and GES pressures were
      measured. To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (440 ml/min) into
      the stomach through one channel of the catheter. After base-line studies were
      completed on each dog, fundectomy, to remove 30% of the stomach, was performed.
      Mean (+/- SEM) GES pressure was 45.3 +/- 3.3 mm of Hg before fundectomy and 41.4
      +/- 1.9 mm of Hg after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05). Before fundectomy,
      treatment with metoclopramide or cisapride increased GES pressure to 62.2 +/- 4.1
      mm of Hg (P less than 0.001) and 61.1 +/- 5.0 mm of Hg (P less than 0.05),
      respectively. Gastric contraction rates were the same, 4.92 +/- 0.24/min and 4.80
      +/- 0.16/min before and after fundectomy, respectively. During insufflation,
      gastric pressures before eructation increased to 12.2 +/- 1.3 mm of Hg before
      fundectomy and to 13.6 +/- 0.9 mm of Hg after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05).
      Eructation occurred at intervals of 1.44 +/- 0.20 minutes before fundectomy and
      1.56 +/- 0.13 minutes after fundectomy (P greater than 0.05). Before fundectomy,
      administration of metoclopramide or cisapride resulted in eructation intervals of
      1.72 +/- 0.21 minutes and 1.39 +/- 0.02 minutes, respectively; these intervals
      were not significantly different from those measured in dogs not given drugs.
      After fundectomy, the GES pressure in 5 dogs decreased and remained low during
      insufflation. After a series of normal eructation intervals, multiple eructations
      were observed in 4 of these dogs. Fundectomy did not impair ability to eructate
      gas from the stomach.

PMID- 3354972
TI  - Natural infection with Eimeria leuckarti: prevalence of oocysts in feces of horse
      foals on several farms in Kentucky during 1986.
AB  - During 1986, fecal specimens were collected 1 or more times from each of 164
      horse foals (158 Thoroughbred and 6 mixed light horse type), ranging in age from
      0 to 252 days, on 13 farms in central Kentucky. To detect natural infection with
      Eimeria leuckarti, feces were examined for oocysts. Oocysts were found in 67
      (41%) of the foals on 11 (85%) of the farms. The earliest age at which oocysts
      were first detected was 15 days (1 foal); the latest age was 123 days (1 foal).
      The mean age for the first appearance of oocysts in the feces of the 67 foals
      positive for E leuckarti was approximately 70 days. Age of the oldest foal that
      passed oocysts was 185 days. The longest oocyst shedding period was about 4
      months, although oocyst-positive feces usually were found only sporadically
      during this period.

PMID- 3354973
TI  - Efficacy of ivermectin against Cooperia curticei infection in sheep.
AB  - Lambs were inoculated with a single dose of Cooperia curticei. Subcutaneous
      administration of ivermectin at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight
      resulted in 61.1% and 90.4% anthelmintic efficacy, when measured at 7 and 14 days
      after treatment, respectively. In the treatment groups, parasites that remained
      were located more distally in the small intestine than those in the lambs in the
      control groups.

PMID- 3354974
TI  - HHS Commission on Nursing under way.

PMID- 3354975
TI  - Nursing shortage: one State's experience.

PMID- 3354977
TI  - Execs offer shortage solutions.

PMID- 3354976
TI  - Nursing shortage hits guard, reserves.

PMID- 3354978
TI  - Staff nurses work harder to deal with shortage.

PMID- 3354979
TI  - All-RN rule to have major impact.

PMID- 3354980
TI  - Let elected officials know what you think.

PMID- 3354981
TI  - Solutions to nursing shortage bear repeating.

PMID- 3354982
TI  - As I see it--Federal policy must support the new family.

PMID- 3354983
TI  - Oxygen consumption during spontaneous ventilation with acute lung injury in
      anesthetized pigs.
AB  - Acute lung injury causes a restrictive pulmonary defect, decreases lung
      compliance, and increases the work of breathing. We wished to determine the
      oxygen cost of the increased elastic work of breathing associated with acute lung
      injury. Extracorporeal venous circulation with a membrane lung was used to
      extract CO2 and to induce apnea in 14 anesthetized pigs. Data were collected
      during 4 experimental states: during spontaneous ventilation and apnea when the
      animals' lungs were normal, and after acute lung injury developed because of
      oleic acid administration. Acute lung injury decreased lung compliance from 101
      +/- 79 (mean +/- SD) to 52 +/- 25 ml/cm H2O (p less than 0.04), and increased the
      elastic work of breathing from 700 +/- 590 to 1,060 +/- 630 ml.cm H2O (p = 0.01).
      During spontaneous ventilation, the increases in total O2 consumption and the O2
      cost of breathing caused by acute lung injury were sufficiently small as to be
      undetectable, and, therefore, less than 3 to 4% of basal O2 consumption despite
      markedly increased elastic work and ventilatory power requirements. The increase
      in O2 consumption imposed by acute lung injury was small enough (less than 3 to
      4% of total O2 consumption) that it appears to be clinically insignificant.

PMID- 3354984
TI  - Conversion and reversion of tuberculin reactions in nursing home residents.
AB  - To assess the consistency of tuberculin reactions over time, we performed
      tuberculin tests in a cohort of 495 nursing home residents in both 1982 and 1985.
      Significant reactions (greater than or equal to 10 mm of induration to 5 TU PPD)
      were found in 258 (52.1%) and 209 (42.2%) residents in 1982 and 1985,
      respectively. Males, nonwhites, and persons younger than 80 yr of age had a
      greater proportion of significant reactions (all, p less than 0.01). Of the 237
      persons with nonsignificant reactions in 1982, 15 (6.3%) had a significant
      reaction in 1985. None of the 15 converters was found to have current
      tuberculosis. Tuberculin reversions occurred in 64 (24.8%) of 258 persons who had
      significant reactions in 1982. Of the patients who had a significant reaction
      only after boosting in 1982, 16 of 21 (76.2%) had nonsignificant reactions with
      up to 3 tests in 1985. Tuberculin reactions in nursing home residents may vary
      over time and may not be recalled by boosting, boosted reactions may be
      transient, and apparent conversions may be due to an extension of the booster
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3354985
TI  - Tuberculosis in a cohort of Southeast Asian Refugees. A five-year surveillance
      study.
AB  - Morbidity caused by tuberculosis was determined in a cohort of 9,328 refugees
      from Southeast Asia during the first 5 yr after their immigration to the United
      States. The entire cohort was screened at the time of entry, and isoniazid
      preventive therapy was offered according to ATS-CDC guidelines. During the period
      of study, 25 cases of tuberculosis were reported from the cohort. The 5-yr
      cumulative incidence of tuberculosis (26.8 cases per 10,000 in the entire cohort)
      was greatest in tuberculin-positive refugees who had abnormal screening chest
      roentgenograms (324.3 cases per 10,000) and least in those with nonsignificant
      tuberculin reactions (5.0 cases per 10,000). The annual incidence of tuberculosis
      in the cohort decreased from an estimated 30.6 cases per 10,000 at the time of
      immigration to less than 5 cases per 10,000 during the fourth and fifth years.
      The prevalence of resistance to isoniazid was greater in culture-positive cases
      arising after immigration (7 of 22, 32%) than in those diagnosed at the time of
      immigration (5 of 36, 14%), probably because of a reduction in isoniazid
      susceptible cases by isoniazid preventive therapy. Currently recommended
      screening and preventive services may be favorably impacting tuberculosis
      morbidity in newly arriving refugees from Southeast Asia.

PMID- 3354986
TI  - Discrepancies between self-reported and validated cigarette smoking in a
      community survey of New Mexico Hispanics.
AB  - In a population-based survey of respiratory disease in New Mexico Hispanics, we
      validated self-reports of cigarette use by 1,317 subjects against salivary
      cotinine level and end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration. For identifying
      likely deceivers about cigarette smoking among self-reported never smokers and
      former smokers, we used cutoff values of 20 ng/ml and 8 parts per million (ppm)
      for salivary cotinine and carbon monoxide, respectively. Among males and females,
      age-standardized prevalences of current smokers based upon questionnaire reports
      were 30.9 and 27.1%, respectively. After adjustment for cotinine alone, these
      percentages were 36.2 for males and 31.1 for females, and after adjustment for
      cotinine and carbon monoxide level, the corresponding percentages were 39.1 for
      males and 33.2 for females. We conclude that self-reports about smoking habits
      may lead to underestimation of the prevalence of current smokers and that
      questionnaire responses should be validated with biologic markers of tobacco
      smoke exposure.

PMID- 3354987
TI  - A retrospective cohort study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust exposure in
      railroad workers.
AB  - The risk of lung cancer as a result of exposure to diesel exhaust from railroad
      locomotives was assessed in a cohort of 55,407 white male railroad workers 40 to
      64 yr of age in 1959 who had started railroad service 10 to 20 years earlier. The
      cohort was traced until the end of 1980, and death certificates were obtained for
      88% of 19,396 deaths; 1,694 lung cancer cases were identified. Yearly railroad
      job from 1959 to death or retirement was available from the Railroad Retirement
      Board, and served as an index of diesel exhaust exposure. Directly standardized
      rates and a proportional hazards model were used to calculate the relative risk
      of lung cancer based on work in a job with diesel exhaust exposure beginning in
      1959. A relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI = 1.11, 1.89) for lung cancer was obtained
      in the group of workers 40 to 44 yr of age in 1959, the group with the longest
      possible duration of diesel exposure. The cohort was selected to minimize the
      effect of past railroad asbestos exposure, and analysis with workers with
      possible asbestos exposure excluded resulted in a similarly elevated risk.
      Workers with 20 yr or more elapsed since 1959, the effective start of diesel
      exposure for the cohort, had the highest relative risk. These results taken in
      conjunction with other reported results support the hypothesis that occupational
      exposure to diesel exhaust results in a small but significantly elevated risk for
      lung cancer.

PMID- 3354988
TI  - The relationship between airway responsiveness to histamine and pulmonary
      function level in a random population sample.
AB  - The association of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness (BR) with pulmonary
      function level has been studied in a random population sample of 2,156 male and
      female subjects 15 to 64 yr of age participating in the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen
      field survey on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being conducted in
      the Netherlands. About 25% of the subjects responded with a decrease in baseline
      FEV1 of 10% or more after challenge with histamine in a concentration of 16 mg/ml
      or less inhaled over 30 s (PC10). In a stratified analysis, pulmonary function
      level appeared to be associated with BR in a dose-response relationship. The mean
      %FEV1 was consistently lower in the more responsive subjects. This relationship
      was confirmed in linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, area of
      residence, and smoking habits. Exclusion of subjects with %FEV1 less than 80%
      diminished but did not change the association between FEV1 and BR. The magnitude
      of the effect of responsiveness on level of pulmonary function was considerable
      and statistically significant. In the subjects older than 21 yr of age, male
      responders (PC10 at less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) on average had an adjusted
      FEV1 of 32.5 centiliters less than nonresponders, and female responders had an
      adjusted FEV1 of 30.5 centiliters less (p less than 0.001). BR appeared to be an
      independent predictor of pulmonary function level after adjustment for age, sex,
      area of residence, respiratory symptom prevalence, and cigarette smoking. The
      effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function level in this population sample
      was significant only in men older than 21 yr of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3354989
TI  - Changes in serum K+ in healthy and in asthmatic subjects during exercise.
AB  - Adrenergic mechanisms modulate exercise-induced changes in blood serum K+
      concentration ([K+]). Impairment of these same mechanisms may be associated with
      bronchial hyper-reactivity. If this is accurate, asthmatic subjects should show
      disturbed K+ regulation during exercise. We measured [K+] and FEV1 in 13 healthy
      control and in 13 asthmatic subjects pre-exercise, at peak exercise (within 1 min
      of stopping exercise), and 10 min postexercise. This was done on 2 separate days,
      one with and one without bronchodilator (BD) pretreatment. Both groups were
      equally fit, exercising to the same O2 consumption and heart rate. Resting [K+]
      was normal for both groups (two-day averages were 4.00 +/- 0.07 and 4.09 +/- 0.07
      mmol/L, mean +/- SEM, in control and asthmatic subjects, respectively). Without
      BD pretreatment, at peak exercise, [K+] in control subjects rose by 0.56 +/- 0.08
      compared with 0.96 +/- 0.09 in asthmatics (p less than 0.01). After exercise,
      [K+] returned to baseline (4.12 +/- 0.08) in control subjects but remained
      elevated in asthmatics (4.60 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.01). Although FEV1 was
      unchanged in control subjects, in asthmatics it fell after exercise (p less than
      0.01). With BD pretreatment: peak exercise [K+] increased by 0.55 +/- 0.09 in
      control subjects, and by 0.49 +/- 0.01 in asthmatics (p less than 0.01). By 10
      min postexercise, it returned to baseline in both groups (4.15 +/- 0.11 for
      control subjects and 4.32 +/- 0.07 for asthmatics). The asthma group's fall in
      FEV1 was also abolished. These data indicate that postexercise K+ remains
      elevated in asthmatics, supporting the suggestion that their adrenergic function
      is impaired.

PMID- 3354991
TI  - Accumulation of platelets and eosinophils in baboon lung after paf-acether
      challenge. Inhibition by ketotifen.
AB  - Intratracheal administration of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) induced
      transient bronchoconstriction in baboons. Using an automated isotopic monitoring
      system, we found that intratracheal administration of paf-acether also elicited
      transient accumulation of platelets labeled with 111In oxine within the pulmonary
      vasculature after the increase in maximal peak inspiratory pressure.
      Bronchoalveolar eosinophilia were inhibited by prophylactic administration of the
      antiasthma drug ketotifen but not by pyribenzamine, suggesting that the effects
      of ketotifen are unrelated to H-1 receptor antagonism. Platelet accumulation was
      not affected by ketotifen or pyribenzamine. This study suggests that paf-acether
      may be a mediator of the eosinophil recruitment in bronchial asthma and that
      inhibition of this phenomenon by ketotifen may contribute to the therapeutic
      efficacy of this drug.

PMID- 3354990
TI  - Indomethacin blocks airway tolerance to repetitive exercise but not to eucapnic
      hyperpnea in asthmatic subjects.
AB  - We have examined the effects of indomethacin (I) on tolerance to the bronchomotor
      effects of repetitive challenge with exercise (EX) and eucapnic hyperpnea (EH) in
      7 asthmatic subjects. Each subject was studied on 4 separate days. EH was
      performed for 4 min at a minute ventilation found previously to increase specific
      airway resistance (SRaw) by 8 units (cm H2O/L/s). All exercise challenges were
      performed on a cycle ergometer for 5 min at a constant work load. Subjects
      breathed room temperature, dry air for both stimuli. SRaw was serially measured
      before and after each stimulus. Tolerance was examined by giving up to 3
      repetitions of EH or EX, allowing a return of SRaw to within 1 unit of baseline
      between repetitions. Placebo (P) or I (25 mg four times a day for 7 doses) was
      administered in a single-blind manner. The timing between stimulus repetitions on
      the P day was matched to that of the I day. After P, the initial rise in SRaw was
      similar for both EX and EH, with a significant and progressive decrease in this
      rise after each stimulus repetition (p = 0.032 for EX, p = 0.006 for EH). After
      I, tolerance was still demonstrated to EH (p = 0.002), but not to EX (p = 0.231).
      This finding indicates that EH and EX are not identical stimuli, since there is
      an I-sensitive mechanism (possibly a bronchodilating prostaglandin) associated
      with the development of tolerance to EX but not to EH. Our data also suggest a
      possible additional bronchoconstricting mechanism associated with EX and not with
      EH.

PMID- 3354992
TI  - An acute reduction in the fraction of inspired oxygen increases airway
      constriction in infants with chronic lung disease.
AB  - Infants with chronic lung disease have acute episodes of hypoxemia that are often
      accompanied by wheezing. To test whether a sudden reduction in FIO2 might
      increase airway obstruction in such infants, we measured the flow-volume
      relationship, O2 saturation, and skin-surface CO2 tension in 19 sedated infants,
      11 with chronic lung disease, and 8 control infants, before and during 10 min of
      continuous hypoxemia. In the infants with chronic lung disease, a 20 to 25%
      reduction in FIO2 caused acute hypoxemia (O2 saturation, 77 +/- 8%) and an
      associated decrease in mid-expiratory flow from 103 +/- 55 to 69 +/- 37 ml/s
      (mean +/- SD; p less than 0.05) in the absence of a significant change in tidal
      volume or skin-surface CO2 tension. In the infants without lung disease,
      breathing 17% O2 led to a significant increase in minute ventilation (26 +/- 25%;
      p = 0.05), but there was no consistent change in mid-expiratory flow. To further
      study the effects of an acute reduction in FIO2 on pulmonary function in infants
      with chronic lung disease, we measured lung mechanics in 6 infants and end
      expiratory lung volume in 5. Baseline lung resistance was high (49 +/- 35 cm/l/s)
      and increased by 55 +/- 30% (p less than 0.05) in response to hypoxemia. Baseline
      dynamic lung compliance was low (2.5 +/- 1.5 ml/cm) and decreased by 24 +/- 10%
      (p less than 0.05). Functional residual capacity increased from 26 +/- 13 to 33
      +/- 14 ml/kg (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3354993
TI  - Airway mucosal permeability in chronic bronchitics and bronchial asthmatics with
      hypersecretion.
AB  - To determine airway mucosal permeability, radiolabeled albumin in sputum was
      examined on the basis of a 2-h period of sputum collection for as long as 8h
      after intravenous administration of 131I-labeled human serum albumin. This
      technique was applied to 12 patients with bronchial asthma associated with
      hypersecretion or chronic bronchitis. Group A consisted of 6 asthmatics (2
      females and 4 males, 56.0 +/- 6.4 yr of age, mean +/- SEM); Group B consisted of
      6 bronchitics (3 females and 3 males, 53.8 +/- 6.5 yr of age). Between Groups A
      and B, there was no significant difference in sputum volume per day or in
      obstructive impairment. Radiolabeled albumin concentration (cpm/ml) was obtained
      from radiocount of each sputum sample and then divided by serum concentration at
      the time of each sampling (2, 4, 6, and 8 h after administration). Group B showed
      large values compared with those in Group A. In Group A, the ratios were 2.0 +/-
      0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.5, 2.2 +/- 0.2, and 1.5 +/- 0.4% (mean +/- SEM) at 2, 4, 6, and 8
      h after the administration, respectively, whereas in Group B, the ratios were 3.0
      +/- 0.6, 7.0 +/- 1.8, 7.2 +/- 1.8, and 7.4 +/- 2.4%, respectively. The
      differences between Groups A and B were statistically significant (two-way
      analysis of variance). These findings suggest that an increase in airway mucosal
      permeability is due to mucosal epithelial damage by chronic inflammation in
      bronchitics and not to the underlying abnormality of asthma.

PMID- 3354994
TI  - Airflow and normal lung sounds.
AB  - The relationship between total air flow and normal breath sounds recorded at 2
      sites on the chest was investigated. Sounds were measured during rhythmic
      breathing, during flow rate tracking, and during flow rate tracking against an
      external resistance by subjects seated and in the left lateral decubitus
      position. The sound amplitude during inspiration varied directly with the square
      of the air flow at the mouth. Changes in subject position and breathing pattern
      altered the gain between the square of the flow and the sound amplitude but not
      the functional relationship.

PMID- 3354995
TI  - Assessment of diaphragm weakness.
AB  - Thirty patients with breathlessness and diaphragm weakness were studied by
      measuring transdiaphragmatic pressures during maximal inspirations to total lung
      capacity, maximal static inspiratory efforts from residual volume, and maximal
      sniffs from functional residual capacity. Maximal static respiratory mouth
      pressures were also recorded, and rib cage and abdominal movements were monitored
      with pairs of magnetometers. Sniff transdiaphragmatic pressure was abnormally low
      in all patients and was correlated with transdiaphragmatic pressure during other
      maneuvers, and with maximal static inspiratory mouth pressures. There was no
      relationship between the severity of dyspnea and transdiaphragmatic pressure in
      the group as a whole. The weakest patients had orthopnea and paradoxical inward
      inspiratory motion of the anterior abdominal wall; measurements suggested that at
      least 30 cm H2O transdiaphragmatic pressure was required to overcome the
      hydrostatic pressure of the abdominal contents. By contrast, patients with mild
      diaphragm weakness had neither orthopnea nor abdominal paradox. Thus, patients
      with breathlessness and diaphragm dysfunction may have varying degrees of
      diaphragm weakness that may be difficult to detect clinically; the diagnosis and
      quantification of diaphragm weakness requires the measurement of
      transdiaphragmatic pressure.

PMID- 3354996
TI  - Hypoxemia during sleep in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Overnight polysomnography after acclimatization was performed on 14 patients with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mean age, 18.3 yr; mean VC, 1.24 L). Despite their
      lack of sleep-related symptoms and normal daytime blood gas tensions, periods of
      hypopnea and/or apnea (H/A) were observed in all patients (mean frequency 9.6/h;
      range, 3.7 to 17.0; mean duration 23.1; range of means, 16 to 36 s). In 9
      patients, between 0.5 and 12.3 oxygen desaturations of greater than 5% occurred
      per hour, with falls from a mean SaO2 baseline of 95.4 +/- 0.6% (SEM) to a mean
      nadir of 74.2 +/- 3.9% (range, 58 to 90). This desaturating group (n = 9) showed
      longer and more frequent H/A than did the 5 nondesaturators; the proportion of
      REM sleep occupied by H/A was 37.7 +/- 3.8% in the desaturating group compared
      with only 15.1 +/- 5.1% in the remainder (p less than 0.01). The severity of
      sleep-disordered breathing could not be reliably predicted from daytime pulmonary
      function test results, and only maximal static expiratory pressure appeared
      significantly lower in the desaturating group. Hypopneas were associated with
      reduced chest wall movement in all subjects, and with chest wall paradox in one;
      continued submental "inspiratory" EMG activity throughout "central" apneas in 2
      subjects suggested that these episodes were not truly central in origin. Sleep
      hypoxemia is imputed in the progression of several chronic respiratory diseases,
      and its prevention in Duchenne and related neuromuscular diseases may influence
      morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3354997
TI  - Upper airway muscle activation is augmented in patients with obstructive sleep
      apnea compared with that in normal subjects.
AB  - Although phasic electromyographic (EMG) activity of upper airway muscles in
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) decreases at apnea onset, the
      presence of phasic activity in normal subjects has not been studied and compared
      with that in patients. We consequently compared the percentage of total sleep
      time in which phasic activity of the genioglossal EMG activity was present in 8
      adult patients with OSA and 3 control groups without OSA, one consisting of 6
      young, normal subjects, one matched for age, and one matched for age and obesity.
      From wakefulness to sleep, genioglossal EMG phasic activity time increased in
      patients but not in control subjects. Patients with OSA had more phasic
      genioglossal group EMG activity during non-REM sleep than did control subjects.
      At apnea onset, phasic EMG activity decreased in patients but remained greater
      than zero. In many control subjects, phasic activity was not detected, yet their
      pharyngeal airway remained patent. We conclude that phasic genioglossal group EMG
      activity occurs more frequently during sleep in patients with OSA than in control
      subjects, suggesting that it is a compensatory mechanism that occurs when patency
      of the pharyngeal airway is precarious.

PMID- 3354998
TI  - The sleep hypopnea syndrome.
AB  - We have observed patients who clinically have the obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome but have no apneas, instead having recurrent nocturnal hypoventilation.
      There is disagreement about the definition and significance of such sleep-related
      hypopneas. We have thus analyzed breathing patterns, oxygenation and sleep
      records of 50 consecutive patients referred with the clinical features of the
      sleep apnea syndrome and found to have abnormal breathing during sleep to
      determine: (1) the best definition of hypopnea, and (2) how frequently patients
      have the clinical features of the sleep apnea syndrome without recurrent apneas.
      Hypopnea definitions based on decreases in thoracoabdominal movement yielded
      hypopnea frequencies that were significantly closer to desaturation and arousal
      frequencies than hypopnea definitions based on flow reduction. The best hypopnea
      definition was that of a 50% reduction in thoracoabdominal movement lasting for
      10 s. This was validated in 33 normal subjects, all of whom had fewer than 11
      hypopneas/h, and fewer than 14 apneas plus hypopneas/h of sleep. Thirty-two of
      the 50 patients had 10 or more apneas/h, the remaining 18 having 9 to 98
      hypopneas/h such that all patients had more than 16 apneas plus hypopneas/h.
      Patients with recurrent hypopneas were clinically indistinguishable from and had
      a similar frequency of 4% desaturations (zero to 104/h) and arousals (7 to 98/h)
      to the patients with frequent apneas. This study confirms that hypopneas are
      clinically important and that the "sleep apnea syndrome" may occur in the absence
      of recurrent apneas.

PMID- 3355000
TI  - Cadmium-chloride-induced air-space enlargement with interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis is not associated with destruction of lung elastin. Implications for the
      pathogenesis of human emphysema.
AB  - To determine whether lung elastin is lost during the evolution of cadmium-induced
      air-space enlargement with pulmonary fibrosis, the lung elastin of 5- to 7-day
      old golden Syrian hamster pups was radiolabeled by giving [3H]valine. At
      maturity, a single intratracheal instillation of 0.5 ml of 0.025% CdCl2 solution
      was given. Lung mechanics, histologic examination, and biochemistry were studied
      5, 10, 21, 42, 105, and 180 days after the cadmium treatment. The animals
      developed fibrosis and air-space enlargement with decreased lung volumes,
      compliance, and forced expiratory flow; their functional residual capacity was
      increased. The total lung collagen and total lung elastin were increased, but
      there was no loss of radiolabel in lung elastin. We conclude that CdCl2-induced
      air-space enlargement with pulmonary fibrosis is not accompanied by loss of
      neonatally formed lung elastic fibers. We hypothesize that air-space enlargement
      with fibrosis represents a stereotyped response of the lung to fibrosing
      injuries, which we hypothesize is due to forces from more fibrotic and
      atelectatic areas causing overdistension of less abnormal air spaces. The air
      space enlargement of fibrosing human diseases such as sarcoidosis and
      eosinophilic granuloma may have a similar basis. Evidence is reviewed that human
      centrilobular emphysema may be a form of focal air-space enlargement with
      interstitial fibrosis; there may be mechanisms in addition to elastase
      antielastase imbalance that cause human emphysema.

PMID- 3354999
TI  - Bacterial species-dependent inhibition of human granulocyte elastase.
AB  - Lung infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the recruitment of many
      granulocytes (PMN) to the alveoli, but little damage to lung structure ensues, as
      opposed to infections with other bacterial species that induce a similar PMN
      response and cause lung damage. Elastase, a proteolytic enzyme of PMN, has been
      implicated as an agent of lung injury. We studied the interaction of different
      bacterial species with human PMN in vitro to determine if PMN elastase activity
      is affected by the species of bacteria ingested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae were grown,
      opsonized, and incubated with human PMN. After 1 h of incubation, intracellular
      and extracellular elastase activity was measured. S. pneumoniae reduced PMN
      elastase activity by 48%, whereas the other 3 species tested had only minimal
      effects on elastase activity. Loss of elastase activity occurred with S.
      pneumoniae: PMN ratios as low as 2:1. Adherence or ingestion of bacteria by the
      PMN was necessary for the decrease in elastase activity to occur; interventions
      that decreased phagocytosis, such as not opsonizing the bacteria, pretreatment of
      the PMN with cytochalasin B, and separation of bacteria from PMN by 0.22-mu
      filters, increased elastase activity. ELISA and Western blot analysis of elastase
      levels in these experiments suggested that normal amounts of elastase were
      present. Thus, the loss of elastase activity we observed may be due to an
      elastase inhibitor present in S. pneumoniae.

PMID- 3355001
TI  - Distal airway remodeling in rats chronically exposed to ozone.
AB  - The morphologic changes in the centriacinar region of lungs from 14 rats exposed
      to either filtered air (8) or 0.95 ppm ozone (6) 8 hours daily for 90 days were
      examined morphologically and morphometrically. Rats were killed with an overdose
      of sodium pentobarbital administered intraperitoneally, the trachea cannulated,
      and thoracic viscera and lungs removed from the chest. Lungs were fixed via
      intratracheal instillation of a paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde cacodylate
      buffered fixative at 30 cm water pressure. Lung volumes were determined by weight
      displacement and the left lung lobe was sectioned transversely into 12 slabs.
      Three slabs from the cranial, middle, and caudal thirds of the lobe were embedded
      in paraffin and studied by light microscopy. With these sections, we estimated
      the volume of proximal bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole,
      and combined alveolar duct/sac within the lung. Bronchioles dissected from
      preselected regions of the right middle lobe were studied by transmission
      electron microscopy. Dissected terminal airways were sectioned in a longitudinal
      plane through their midlumen. From these dissected airways, 4 subregions of the
      centriacinus were then examined: (1) terminal bronchiole, (2) respiratory
      bronchiole, (3) centriacinar alveolar duct wall, and (4) centriacinar alveolar
      septa. The results of this study showed that after chronic ozone exposure, there
      was a 13 to 21% decrease in terminal bronchiole luminal diameter but no
      significant change in total terminal bronchiole volume. The most notable change
      was a 3.4-fold increase in respiratory bronchiole volume. Analysis of measured
      volume and diameter changes in the terminal bronchiole, coupled with volume
      increases in respiratory bronchiole, support the conclusion that respiratory
      bronchiole (RB) is formed from the centriacinar alveolar duct. Morphologic
      parameters supporting this conclusion included the presence of fused basement
      membrane beneath reactive bronchiolar epithelium in the RB, the presence of
      similar basal laminar changes in both the RB and proximal alveolar duct septal
      tips, and the observation that most severe epithelial damage and inflammation
      occurred in the most proximal alveolar duct rather than in the terminal
      bronchiole. A major conclusion of this study is that the focus of the most severe
      injury within the acinus appears to shift distally as respiratory bronchiole
      segments are formed. Hence most of the damage occurs at the tips of alveolar
      septa at the respiratory bronchiole-alveolar duct junction.

PMID- 3355002
TI  - Localization of surfactant protein synthesis in human lung by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - In order to investigate the sites of synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant
      associated proteins, we performed tissue in situ hybridization. We used frozen
      sections of human lung tissue and 35S-UTP-labeled cRNA probes to localize mRNAs
      for the 35 kDa surfactant-associated protein (PSP-A) and for the precursor of one
      of the hydrophobic, low molecular weight surfactant-associated proteins (PSP-B).
      We found that PSP-A mRNA is present only in the alveolar epithelial type II cells
      with alveolar macrophages, bronchiolar epithelium, and other cells of the
      interstitutium being negative. PSP-B mRNA is present in both alveolar type II
      cells and in some cells of the bronchiolar epithelium. Macrophages and other
      cells were negative. The data in this report demonstrate that: (1) type II
      pneumonocytes are capable of synthesizing both PSP-A and PSP-B, (2) some cells of
      the human bronchiolar epithelium contain PSP-B mRNA but not PSP-A, and (3) human
      alveolar macrophages do not synthesize either PSP-A or PSP-B.

PMID- 3355003
TI  - Surfactant-associated proteins in tracheal aspirates of infants with respiratory
      distress syndrome after surfactant therapy.
AB  - We have developed enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) that measure major proteins
      that are associated with pulmonary surfactant. Using these ELISAs, we tested
      sequential tracheal aspirates from infants severely ill with respiratory distress
      syndrome (RDS) who had been treated either with exogenous surfactant or with
      placebo within 8 h of birth. On average, we found low concentrations of
      surfactant proteins in tracheal aspirates on Day 1 of life, with increases
      evident by Day 3. The surfactant used in this study (TA surfactant) contains only
      the low molecular weight (6 kDa) surfactant proteins and not the 35 kDa
      surfactant protein. As we expected, those who were treated with TA surfactant
      more frequently had detectable concentrations of low molecular weight surfactant
      protein on the second day of life when compared with control infants. No
      differences were evident in the concentrations of surfactant proteins between the
      2 groups by Day 3, nor were differences evident between the 2 groups evident for
      35 kDa surfactant protein during the first 3 days of life. Increased low
      molecular weight surfactant proteins in tracheal aspirates 1 to 2 days after
      surfactant therapy may occur either because of persistence of exogenous
      surfactant proteins and/or enhanced surfactant protein production. Comparisons
      with measurements from other groups of patients with RDS confirm that absence of
      both surfactant proteins reflects alveolar surfactant deficiency.

PMID- 3355004
TI  - Unilateral lung hyperlucency after mediastinal irradiation.
AB  - A 39-yr-old woman developed progressive exertional dyspnea 13 yr after receiving
      mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Chest roentgenogram showed a
      hyperlucent right lung. Pulmonary blood flow was markedly reduced on the right by
      ventilation-perfusion scanning. Pulmonary angiography showed attenuation and
      diffuse atrophy of the right pulmonary artery and its branches. This case
      represents a late and uncommon complication of mediastinal irradiation
      manifesting as a unilateral hyperlucent lung.

PMID- 3355005
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in primary pulmonary lymphoma with monoclonal gammopathy.
AB  - We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in a patient with pulmonary lymphoma and IgM
      lambda monoclonal serum gammopathy previously not diagnosed accurately by
      histologic examination and not treated for 5 yr after detection of a pulmonary
      infiltrate. The infiltrate increased slowly in size accompanied by coughing and
      sputum and a gradual increase in serum IgM throughout the 5-yr period. High IgM
      in the lavage fluid was noted with an IgM/albumin ratio 4.8 times higher in the
      lavage fluid than in the serum. Protein immunoelectrophoresis of the lavage fluid
      was identical to that of the serum. A primary pulmonary lymphoma was diagnosed on
      the basis of findings in the lavage fluid. The patient showed decreased serum IgM
      and marked improvement of the infiltrate by chemotherapy and radiation. Thus,
      bronchoalveolar lavage, including analysis of the proteins in lavage fluids,
      appears to be a simple and useful method for diagnosing primary pulmonary
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3355007
TI  - The P90 as a clinically relevant landmark on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
      curve.

PMID- 3355006
TI  - Biliopleural fistula as a complication of percutaneous biliary drainage:
      experimental evidence for pleural inflammation.
AB  - We describe 3 patients in whom biliopleural fistulae complicated percutaneous
      biliary drainage. All patients had complete obstruction of their biliary tree
      because of malignancy. Biliopleural fistulae developed as a complication of
      inadvertent catheter removal in 2 patients and of catheter dysfunction in the
      third. Early reinstitution of biliary drainage and successful drainage of the
      pleural space led to complete recovery in all patients. An animal model to
      evaluate the effects of bile in the pleural space in normal rabbits revealed
      rapid absorption of bilirubin, the production of a polymorphonuclear-predominant
      exudative effusion with extremely high LDH levels, and resolution with a
      macrophage influx. We conclude that biliopleural fistulae are heterogeneous in
      their presentation, depending upon the persistence of biliary drainage into the
      pleural space, the volume of exudative effusion, and the presence of suppurative
      complications.

PMID- 3355008
TI  - NHLBI workshop summary. Models of infectious airway injury in children.

PMID- 3355009
TI  - Current and prospective funding of biomedical research.

PMID- 3355010
TI  - Oropharyngeal deposition and delivery aspects of metered-dose inhaler aerosols.

PMID- 3355011
TI  - Lung sound nomenclature.

PMID- 3355012
TI  - Blunt urethral injury: results of initial management.
AB  - Fourteen men with blunt urethral disruption were treated between 1979-1985.
      Injuries most commonly resulted from motor-vehicle accidents, as pedestrians or
      passengers. All patients had additional injuries, including pelvic fracture (13),
      extremity fractures (10), central nervous system (5), bladder (5) and rectal
      injury (3); the average injury severity score was 30. Pelvic fracture patterns
      included ten patients with a crushed pelvis, two with single anterior pelvic ring
      fractures and one with a double vertical fracture. Blood at the urethral meatus
      was noted in only five patients, gross hematuria without metal blood in another
      three, and a displaced prostate on rectal exam was found in 10 cases. All
      patients had a suprapubic cystostomy for management of the urethral injury.
      Thirteen of 14 patients survived (93%). The major complication was perineal
      sepsis. Based on this experience, it is concluded that: 1) the classical findings
      of urethral injury are not found consistently, 2) certain pelvic fracture
      patterns, particularly disruption of the anterior pelvic ring, are frequently
      associated with urethral injury and 3) aggressive and appropriate management of
      hemorrhage, pelvic fracture and concomitant injuries is important to minimize
      mortality.

PMID- 3355013
TI  - Rapid sequence induction with oral endotracheal intubation in the multiply
      injured patient.
AB  - The charts of 1798 consecutive admissions at this level one trauma center to
      evaluate the practice of emergency airway control were reviewed. A total of 335
      patients required endotracheal intubation, 320 oral endotracheal, 12
      nasotracheal, and three surgical. A technique of rapid sequence induction (RSI)
      with oral endotracheal intubation was the method of airway control in 260
      spontaneously breathing patients. Prior cervical spine evaluation was not
      obtained. In all instances airway control was prompt and accurate. There were no
      hemodynamic nor neurologic complications secondary to RSI or oral endotracheal
      intubation. It is believed that RSI with oral endotracheal intubation is a
      reasonable alternative to nasotracheal intubation in the spontaneously breathing
      patient.

PMID- 3355014
TI  - Resuscitative thoracotomy in children and adolescents.
AB  - Accidental injury continues as the leading cause of mortality in children and
      adolescents. With the recent push for improvement in emergency medical services
      and specialized trauma centers for this age group, more moribund patients can be
      expected to reach these centers. Multiple reports document the efficacy of
      resuscitative thoracotomy in the moribund adult trauma victim, but published
      reports of this technique in children and adolescents are lacking. From January
      1981 to July 1986, 19 patients ranging in age from 4 to 18 years (mean 14)
      underwent resuscitative thoracotomy. Eleven patients sustained penetrating trauma
      while eight sustained injuries from blunt trauma. Five patients survived and were
      discharged from the hospital (26%). There were no survivors in the 0-15 year age
      group in five penetrating injuries and four blunt trauma victims. This review
      confirms the efficacy of resuscitative thoracotomy in the patient with
      penetrating trauma. Salvage in the blunt trauma victim is possible, but less than
      in penetrating injuries (12.5% versus 36%). Further studies in this age group
      will be necessary to establish appropriate guidelines for the use of RT in
      children and adolescents.

PMID- 3355015
TI  - Childhood farm injury: the role of the physician in prevention.
AB  - Farm-related trauma occurs in more than 25,000 children per year with almost 300
      patients dying from these preventable injuries. The incidence of associated farm
      machinery injuries and fatalities is increasing at an alarming rate with the
      majority occurring in young boys during the summer months. Between 1979-1985, 234
      patients with traumatic injuries were admitted to our Pediatric Surgery Service.
      Seven of these, six boys and one girl, age ranges from 2-15 years were treated
      for severe farm-related injuries. Modified injury severity score was calculated
      with an average score of 31.5 (range 9-66). Four patients sustained or required
      amputation of a major extremity(ies) as a result of the injury. Two patients had
      multiple long bone fractures with associated neurologic or abdominal injury. One
      patient exsanguinated from massive liver lacerations. Five of the six surviving
      patients are disabled to varying degrees because of their injuries. This report
      provides support for the establishment of federal safety standards for farm
      related equipment. Guidelines for prevention are outlined. We believe that the
      child physician is obliged to encourage education programs in farming communities
      on safety measures and further should endorse the application for farms.

PMID- 3355016
TI  - Early diagnosis and treatment of blunt diaphragmatic injury.
AB  - Diaphragmatic rupture following blunt torso trauma is an infrequent injury often
      posing a considerable diagnostic challenge. Between June 1984 and July 1986, nine
      patients sustaining rupture of the diaphragm due to blunt trauma were treated.
      All were injured in high-speed motor-vehicle accidents. Six patients arrived in
      shock (SBP less than or equal to 95 mm Hg). All patients had multiple associated
      injuries; mean ISS = 41.5. Eight patients (89%) had associated intra-abdominal
      injuries, the spleen being injured most frequently (63%). Associated thoracic
      injuries occurred in six patients (67%). The admission CXR was abnormal in eight
      patients (89%) but diagnostic of diaphragmatic rupture in only four. DPL was
      positive in four of five patients (80%) and falsely negative in one. Seven
      ruptures were left-sided, one right-sided and one involved the central tendon.
      All injuries were diagnosed shortly after admission and successfully repaired via
      a transabdominal approach. One patient died as a result of a massive subdural
      hematoma. Blunt diaphragmatic rupture is an indication of a high-energy insult
      and is usually associated with other major organ system injuries. An aggressive
      approach to the management of the multiply injured patient can result in early
      recognition and successful treatment of this injury.

PMID- 3355017
TI  - Resuscitation of subdiaphragmatic exsanguination.
AB  - Subdiaphragmatic exsanguination is a major cause of death in civilian trauma. In
      a 1-year review of 867 consecutive admissions to a Level I Trauma Center, a 4.3
      per cent incidence (37 patients) of infradiaphragmatic exsanguination was found.
      Eleven per cent of all abdominal injuries and 35 per cent of pelvic fractures
      sustained massive hemorrhage. A treatment protocol incorporating immediate airway
      control, MAST device, super-large bore venous access, warming rapid infusors,
      immediate type O blood transfusion, emergency department thoracotomy, and
      emergent operation as required, produced an overall mortality of 54 per cent.
      Mortality was higher for pelvic fracture (59%) than abdominal injury (43%). No
      patient survived ED thoracotomy. Continued developments in resuscitation
      techniques, as well as prehospital, and operative care are required to reduce
      mortality from exsanguinating hemorrhage.

PMID- 3355018
TI  - The trauma score: a simple method to evaluate quality of care.
AB  - In recent years, trauma care delivery has come under close scrutiny from within
      and outside the medical profession. With the development and designation of
      trauma centers, two problems have become evident. First is a reliable, simple
      means of triaging patients to the appropriate facility. The second problem is
      evaluation of the quality of care provided. The assessment of results is
      difficult due to the large number of variables, such as mechanisms of injury,
      anatomic sites of injury, and comorbidity found in these patients and has led to
      the use of complex statistical analysis. The trauma score, originally developed
      as a triage tool, has also proven to be a reliable, simple means of assessing the
      quality of care. The expected survival for each trauma score value has been
      established and each hospital's or surgeon's results can, therefore, be evaluated
      against that standard. A deviation from the expected survival curve may or may
      not be clinically significant as determined by careful review of those patients.
      From July 1, 1985 through June 30, 1986, 495 patients were admitted to the trauma
      service at the Medical College of Georgia. All patients were given a trauma score
      on arrival to the emergency department. The trauma score can be used as a quality
      assurance tool by any physician or hospital providing trauma services as will be
      demonstrated by analyzing our data.

PMID- 3355019
TI  - A new algorithm for calculation of blood loss in excisional burn surgery.
AB  - One hundred and two patients who sustained thermal injury and who underwent 155
      excisional procedures were prospectively studied in order to determine an
      accurate blood loss formula. Blood loss (mean +/- S.D.) is expressed as the
      percentage of the total blood volume lost for each per cent of body surface area
      excised and autografted. There was no significant difference between the blood
      loss for the overall group of procedures (4.1 +/- 0.24) and the various subgroups
      indicating that the outcome was not influenced by the method, extent or timing of
      excision or by the use of tourniquets. From the authors' calculations,
      approximately 196 ml of blood is required for each per cent of body surface area
      excised and autografted.

PMID- 3355021
TI  - Local excision and radiation therapy for early rectal cancer.
AB  - The treatment of early rectal (T1) adenocarcinoma is controversial. Between 1974
      and 1985, nine patients underwent local excision of rectal cancer followed by
      radiation therapy (RT) at the University of Florida. All cancers were exophytic
      and less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter. Pathologically, all tumors were
      adenocarcinomas, Broder Grade I or II. Surgical margins were free of tumor in
      eight of nine (89%) specimens. Eight of nine (89%) cancers were confined to the
      submucosa and one cancer invaded the muscularis propria. All patients received a
      minimum 4500 rad with or without a boost of an additional 1000 to 1500 rad. There
      were no operative deaths and the morbidity was minimal. Follow-up ranged from 24
      to 127 months (mean 64). Twelve months following treatment one patient died of
      pneumonia, with no evidence of disease (NED). Eight patients remain NED (mean 67
      months) at the time of this study.

PMID- 3355020
TI  - Intra-abdominal infection following combined spleen-colon trauma.
AB  - The reality of late overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis in adults as well as
      children has led to more frequent attempts at splenic salvage following splenic
      trauma. Less attention has been paid to early septic postoperative complications
      in the splenectomized patient. Associated colon injury has been believed to be a
      relative contraindication to splenic conservation. If splenectomy enhances the
      chance of early postoperative infection, then associated colon injury should be
      an indication for splenic salvage One hundred sixty one patients who had either
      splenic trauma (58), colon trauma (90), or combined spleen-colon trauma (13) were
      studied. All patients with splenic trauma had a splenectomy. There was a
      significantly higher incidence of intra-abdominal sepsis requiring reoperation in
      the spleen-colon patients (46.7%) than in either of the other groups (spleen =
      5.7%, colon = 8.9%, P less than .002 for both comparisons). It is concluded that
      splenectomy enhances infection in the early postoperative period. When possible,
      combined spleen-colon trauma should be an indication rather than a
      contraindication for splenic salvage.

PMID- 3355022
TI  - Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy for hepatic metastases from
      colorectal carcinomas.
AB  - Liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas occur frequently. While surgical
      resection offers the only hope for long-term cure, unsuspected bilobar metastases
      or extrahepatic metastatic disease may be found at laparotomy, precluding hepatic
      resection for cure. In this setting intraoperative interstitial hepatic
      irradiation using the Gamma Med II (Mick Radio-Nuclear Instruments, Bronx, New
      York) remote afterloading irradiator and an Iridium-192 source permits delivery
      of a tumoricidal dose to liver tumor(s) with a limited radiation dose to adjacent
      normal liver. Six patients underwent laparotomy for potential resection of
      hepatic metastases in a shielded operating room equipped with remote anesthesia
      monitoring capability and were found to be unresectable. An upper hand retractor
      facilitated liver exposure during the exploratory and subsequent radiation phases
      of the procedure. Intraoperative interstitial radiation therapy was performed in
      each patient. No significant complications occurred on follow-up from 2 to 9
      months. Hepatic tumor regression or stabilization occurred on sonography and/or
      CT scan in each case with a median follow-up of 5 months. The technique offers
      the potential to ablate discrete tumor nodules within the liver. Ongoing clinical
      trials will determine the role of intraoperative interstitial radiation in the
      treatment of hepatic metastases.

PMID- 3355023
TI  - Early detection of occult breast cancer: the York experience with 678 needle
      localization biopsies.
AB  - Mammographic needle localized breast biopsies (NLB) have been shown in university
      referral practices to allow early detection of occult neoplasms. A 6 year
      experience with NLB in a large community hospital with 678 patients is presented.
      Seventy eight (11.5%) proved to be cancer. Eighty nine per cent were node
      negative. A total of 70.5 per cent were "minimal" breast cancer. In the final
      year of the study, occult neoplasms comprised 25.5 per cent of newly diagnosed
      breast cancers. An aggressive biopsy policy toward mammographic abnormalities can
      lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms at a favorable
      stage.

PMID- 3355024
TI  - The role of dual radionuclide scintigraphy in the preoperative localization of
      abnormal parathyroid glands.
AB  - Success rates for neck exploration in patients with hyperparathyroidism should
      exceed 90 per cent in the hands of experienced surgeons. The ability to localize
      abnormal parathyroid glands preoperatively should maintain or increase the rate
      of success. Dual isotope subtraction scintigraphy using thallium-201 and
      technetium-99m pertechnetate offers a noninvasive means of localization. The
      usefulness of this procedure was studied in thirteen patients with suspected
      hyperparathyroidism. The scan accurately localized the site of abnormal
      parathyroid glands (nine adenomas and eight hyperplastic glands) in 91 per cent
      of the patients. Localization was most successful in adenomas weighing more than
      500 mg. We conclude that dual radionuclide scintigraphy is useful in the
      preoperative location of enlarged parathyroid glands.

PMID- 3355025
TI  - [Comparison of the determination of azotorrhea and steatorrhea in cystic fibrosis
      of the pancreas].
AB  - Steatorrhea and azotorrhea are evaluated, by Van de Kamer and Kjendalh methods,
      in 24 patients affected by cystic fibrosis in the diagnosis and in their
      evolution. High values were obtained for steatorrhea in 87.5% of the cases and
      for azotorrhea in the 79.1% at the moment of diagnosis. Steatorrhea and
      azotorrhea have been correlated obtaining a high statistic significant for p less
      than 0.01 in the diagnosis and in patients who followed treatment with the same
      medication, not being significative for all patients during their evolution. With
      results obtained, determination of fecal nitrogen, is positively evaluated not
      only in the diagnosis but also in the evolution of these patients to obtain an
      optimum nutritious condition.

PMID- 3355026
TI  - [Interorbital distance in the skull of the newborn infant].
AB  - Authors have measured interorbital radiological distance in 45 newborns (26 males
      and 19 females), with a gestational age of 37.644 +/- 3.682 weeks (mean +/- SD),
      with a range of 25 to 42 weeks. The values obtained were 15.538 +/- 2.437
      millimeters (mean +/- SD) for males and 15.894 +/- 1.943 mm (mean +/- SD) for
      females. The interorbital distance has a positive correlation with gestational
      age, weight, bizygomatic distance and minimal frontal width. Interorbital
      distance is closely correlated to the minimal frontal width in males.

PMID- 3355027
TI  - [Congenital hepatic fibrosis: apropos of 12 cases].
AB  - Twelve patients with congenital hepatic fibrosis have been retrospectively
      studied and followed for 1 to 14 years. Clinical features, hepatic function tests
      and biopsy have been analyzed. Presence of portal hypertension and congenital
      malformation have been investigated. Clinical presentations varies from newborn
      to nine years of age without male or female predominance. Most frequent clinical
      form has been hypertensive type. Cholangitic type has worse prognosis. Familiar
      recurrence rate is 20%. Congenital malformations are associated in 92% most
      frequently infantile polycystic kidney disease. Hepatic biopsy has confirmed
      diagnosis in all patients.

PMID- 3355028
TI  - [Parathyroid hormone: perinatal aspects].
AB  - Authors have measured parathormone levels in 28 mothers at delivery and their
      respective newborns at 40-50 hours after birth. They also quantified these levels
      in umbilical vessels. Control groups was formed by 48 healthy non pregnant women.
      PTH levels in pregnant women were similar to controls. In umbilical artery these
      values were higher than in umbilical vein and in both, lower than other groups.
      Newborns at 40-50 hours after birth showed higher PTH levels than controls and
      pregnant women at delivery. A positive correlation between the PTH levels of the
      mother and those of the umbilical vessels is found. PTH levels of the neonate at
      40-50 hours after birth correlated with levels of umbilical artery and umbilical
      vein. They do not observe a hyperparathyroidism at the delivery, although there
      is a slight decrease in Ca levels. Newborns at 40-50 hours after birth did show
      an increase in their PTH levels in parallel with hypocalcemia correlation found
      between PTH levels of the mother and those of the umbilical vessels could suggest
      a placental transfer for this hormone.

PMID- 3355029
TI  - [The cardiorespirogram in the first 12 hours of life. Relation to the form of
      termination of labor].
AB  - Cardiorespirography is a method of monitoring which establishes a correlation
      between cardiac and respiratory activity. During the first twelve hours following
      birth cardiorespirographic parameters undergo a series of evolutionary
      modifications, becoming stable between the sixth and twelfth hours. Authors
      analyse how the manner in which birth is terminated influences parameters during
      first twelve hours. In the case of caesarean births they find only one instance
      of diminishing accelerations during the first hour, and in spontaneous births, a
      reduced number of instances of decelerations are registered during first and
      sixth hour. They believe that these findings are due to drugs administered during
      birth rather than to the manner in which this was achieved.

PMID- 3355030
TI  - [Cardiorespirographic parameters in the first 12 hours of life. Influence of the
      administration of thiopental and diazepam plus thiopental on labor].
AB  - Cardiorespirographic parameters undergo a series of evolutionary modifications
      during first hours of life, becoming stable between the sixth and twelfth. The
      authors analyse how these parameters are influenced by the administration to the
      mother of thiopental and diazepam plus thiopental during birth. They observed a
      significant reduction, during the first hour after birth, in the range and
      frequency of accelerations in the newborn babies whose mothers had been
      administered one of the drugs. Also, they observed a greater number of cases of
      decelerations in the newborns who were given drugs. No significant differences
      were observed in other parameters, and after the twelfth hour no differences were
      observed at all.

PMID- 3355031
TI  - [Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in childhood].
AB  - We report a clinical review of 1,980 cases of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in
      children aged between 0 months and 14 years old. In all of them the foreign
      bodies were removed through a rigid bronchoscope. The following conclusions
      arose: bronchoscopy in childhood must be done under general anesthesia. If the
      appropriate instruments, are not available, the removal of the foreign body must
      be postponed; the entire respiratory system must be explored during a
      bronchoscopy as it is likely to find multiple foreign bodies. We must insist that
      families keep potential foreign bodies out of reach from their children; in
      chronic respiratory diseases during childhood, the presence of a foreign body
      must be considered.

PMID- 3355032
TI  - [Susceptibility of pregnant women to rubella and the implications of immunization
      programs].
AB  - Rubella immunity in the sera of 331 pregnant women in Ciudad Badia (Catalonia,
      Spain) is studied. No protection against rubella was found in 17% of them. No
      significant differences were found among different age groups. Implications of
      current vaccination policy are discussed.

PMID- 3355033
TI  - [Gaucher's disease of the 3d type (juvenile form)].
AB  - A case of Gaucher's disease, juvenile type is presented. Disease manifested with
      signs of hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. The typical Gaucher's cells
      were found in bone marrow aspiration. Acid phosphatase levels were 1.74 U. Bessey
      Lowry/ml, 80.45% corresponding to the non-prostatic fraction. The enzymatic
      activity of glucosyl ceramide-beta-glucosidase was determined in a fibroblast
      culture, being its value of 0.42 mU/mg of protein (control: 3.2 mU/mg of
      protein). We comment on the existing relationship between the clinical types, as
      well as the therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 3355034
TI  - [Ascites caused by cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal
      shunt].

PMID- 3355035
TI  - [Asymmetric crying facies syndrome].

PMID- 3355036
TI  - [Saline poisoning caused by wrong use of an oral rehydration solution].

PMID- 3355037
TI  - [Diagnostic clinical and immunologic characteristics of infection by the human
      immunodeficiency virus in infants].
AB  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in infants has different clinical and
      immunological characteristics from adult AIDS because of immunological immaturity
      of the fetus and newborn when infection is produced. Differential diagnosis with
      primary immunodeficiency diseases, mainly with severe combined immunodeficiency
      and hypogammaglobulinemia is often difficult, but clinical, epidemiological and
      immunological data aid in establishing diagnosis. Repeated bacterial infections
      and abnormal antibody production are common in such children and gammaglobulin
      therapy is indicated to prevent them and avoid continuous immunological
      stimulation that viral replication and disease progression.

PMID- 3355038
TI  - [Detection of carriers and diagnosis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy by DNA
      analysis].
AB  - Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be,
      now, more accurately performed with the DNA recombinant techniques. The
      segregation pattern of DMD gen can be studied using the genetic variants detected
      at the DNA level (RFLPs) as markers. Cloned fragments within or very close to the
      gene (intragenic or extragenic probes) are used to reveal the RFLPs. Three
      families at risk for DMD were studied. Hybridization with extra or intragenic
      probes was performed and the analyses of several markers allows us to identify
      the X chromosome carrying the DMD gene. Carrier diagnosis was possible in all
      three families and a prenatal diagnosis in a carrier mother showed a risk
      probability of male affected fetus of 93-95%.

PMID- 3355039
TI  - Stapedectomy trends for the resident.
AB  - The diminishing number of cases of otosclerosis limits the training experience in
      stapes surgery during residency. Results are suboptimal. Closure of the
      preoperative air conduction to within 10 dB of bone conduction was obtained in
      only 64% of resident cases. Efforts to maximize experience and improve results
      include closer faculty supervision, use of one stapedectomy technique, and a
      prospective study of individual residents' performance.

PMID- 3355040
TI  - Airway management of acute supraglottitis at the Children's Hospital, Boston:
      1980-1985.
AB  - A controversy has existed in recent years regarding the ideal method of
      establishing and maintaining an airway in the pediatric patient with acute
      supraglottitis. Nasotracheal intubation has been used as the sole method of
      airway management of acute supraglottitis at The Children's Hospital, Boston,
      since 1970. This paper reviews our experience with 80 children with acute
      supraglottitis presenting at our institution during the years 1980 to 1985.

PMID- 3355041
TI  - The tricyclic trimipramine in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.
AB  - We examined 26 consecutive patients with subjective tinnitus. All subjects were
      treated with the tricyclic antidepressant trimipramine in a double-blind study,
      each subject acting as his own control. All subjects were evaluated with pure
      tone audiometry, site of lesion testing, and auditory brain stem evoked response.
      The tinnitus assessment consisted of frequency and intensity matching, the
      determination of masking levels, and a subjective evaluation of severity. Plasma
      levels of trimipramine were monitored at regular intervals, and the Zung and
      Millon inventories were administered at the beginning and end of each study
      period. Nineteen subjects completed the study. Within the trimipramine group, one
      reported complete disappearance of his tinnitus, eight reported improvement,
      three no change, and seven that tinnitus was worse. Within the placebo group,
      eight reported improvement, seven no change, and four that tinnitus was worse.
      The natural history of tinnitus is such that what has been observed may reflect
      the evolution of the disease itself, rather than the effect of treatment. We feel
      that while tricyclics may not have been shown to be effective, the placebo effect
      played a significant role in the results obtained.

PMID- 3355042
TI  - Reduction of salivary flow with Scopoderm TTS.
AB  - Scopoderm transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) is a form of application
      permitting programmed release of scopolamine through the skin into the
      bloodstream. Scopoderm TTS is indicated for prevention of nausea and vomiting
      associated with motion sickness. The most common side effect associated with its
      use is dryness of the mouth. We have been using Scopoderm TTS for reducing
      salivary flow in patients with sialorrhea or with difficulties in swallowing
      normal amounts of salivary secretions. Good results were achieved with minimal
      discomfort from adverse effects. We recommend the use of Scopoderm TTS in
      selected cases of sialorrhea and drooling, preoperatively and postoperatively in
      patients undergoing surgery of oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal lesions.

PMID- 3355043
TI  - Aural pain resulting from acoustic reflex.
AB  - We present an unusual case of physical discomfort, as opposed to objective or
      subjective tinnitus, caused by a unilateral acoustic reflex. The cause of the
      discomfort was identified audiologically by the use of acoustic impedance
      audiometry. The dull pain that was elicited upon contraction and relaxation of
      the stapedius muscle was eliminated with sectioning of the stapedial tendon. No
      explanation of the mechanism for the pain is suggested at present.

PMID- 3355044
TI  - Effects of stripping and laser excision on vocal fold mucosa in cats.
AB  - We compared the effects of stripping and laser excision on vocal fold mucosa in
      cats. Of particular interest were the comparative effects of each procedure on
      the mucosa's sensory structures. Mucosa was stripped from one vocal fold in three
      cats, lased in three additional cats, and histologically examined at 1-, 2-, and
      3-week intervals postoperatively. Results indicate that both procedures produce
      unique and degenerative effects that are still apparent 3 weeks after operation;
      however, nervous elements in lased tissue samples appeared less disrupted than in
      stripped tissue. Unique effects on the composition of epithelial tissue also were
      noted for the two procedures. Implications for voice quality in human patients
      undergoing similar procedures are discussed.

PMID- 3355045
TI  - Acute effects of irradiation on middle ear mucosa.
AB  - Single field, fixed irradiation of bilateral tympanic cavities using 200-kV x
      rays was administered to five guinea pigs. The irradiation dose was 30 Gy. They
      were killed immediately after irradiation, and bilateral middle ear mucosa was
      examined for ciliary activity and epithelial structure. Significant deterioration
      of the ciliary activity in the middle ear mucosa was observed, proximal as well
      as distal to the eustachian tube. Electron microscopy showed various changes in
      the irradiated middle ear mucosa. The most conspicuous findings were
      hyperreactivity in secretion, vacuolation of ciliated cells, and stomal edema.

PMID- 3355046
TI  - Adductor spastic dysphonia: heterogeneity of physiologic and phonatory
      characteristics.
AB  - Physiologic and phonatory characteristics of 23 subjects with adductor spastic
      dysphonia were studied, including examination of the laryngeal appearance by
      fiberoptic nasoendoscopy, neurologic examination, and measurement of phonatory
      airflow and speaking fundamental frequency. These characteristics displayed
      considerable heterogeneity among the subjects investigated. Three patterns of
      laryngeal appearance during phonation were observed: vocal fold adduction,
      associated ventricular fold constriction, and approximation of the laryngeal
      inlet. Eight of 13 subjects demonstrated some neurologic abnormality. For the
      majority of subjects, the airflow demonstrated marked variability during
      sustained phonation; for different subjects, this variability was observed to be
      associated with either an oscillatory or irregular airflow pattern. The modal
      speaking fundamental frequency for the women and men with adductor spastic
      dysphonia was not significantly different from that for age- and sex-matched
      controls.

PMID- 3355047
TI  - Abnormalities of cilia in the middle ear in chronic otitis media.
AB  - We studied the fine structure of nasal and middle ear mucosa in 18 patients with
      chronic otitis media, comparing them with ten age-matched control patients.
      Electron microscopy revealed no single fundamental defect of cilia in the tissue
      samples; however, patients with chronic otitis media had a significantly higher
      incidence of abnormal cilia in the middle ear without correlating abnormalities
      of nasal cilia. These findings indicated that ciliary anomalies, including
      deletion of ciliary microtubules, presence of supernumerary tubules, and fusion
      of cilia, occur as a result of infection or inflammation. Such abnormalities
      would impair normal mucociliary clearance and exacerbate clinical complications.

PMID- 3355048
TI  - Computerized data bank system for temporal bone histopathology.
AB  - A computerized data bank system to store and analyze temporal bone
      histopathologic data is described. This system uses the University of
      Pittsburgh's Digital Equipment Corporation System 10 computer and the System 1022
      data base management software. Data on histology cases are divided into five
      files: general information, otologic information, summary, histopathologic
      information about the external ear and middle ear, and histopathologic
      information about the inner ear. Eleven general terms are used to describe
      pathologic findings, surgery, postmortem degeneration, and artifacts. In
      addition, provision is made for the inclusion of more precise qualitative
      information to be entered as text.

PMID- 3355049
TI  - Study of Toynbee phenomenon by combined intranasopharyngeal and tympanometric
      measurements.
AB  - The Toynbee maneuver, swallowing when the nose is obstructed, leads in most cases
      to pressure changes in one or both middle ears, resulting in a sensation of
      fullness. Since first described, many varying and contradictory comments have
      been reported in the literature concerning the type and amount of pressure
      changes both in the nasopharynx and in the middle ear. In our study, the pressure
      changes were determined by catheters placed into the nasopharynx and repeated
      tympanometric measurements. New information concerning the rapid pressure
      variations in the nasopharynx and middle ear during deglutition with an
      obstructed nose was obtained. Typical individual nasopharyngeal pressure change
      patterns were recorded, ranging from a maximal positive pressure of +450 to a
      negative pressure as low as -320 mm H2O.

PMID- 3355051
TI  - Surgical margins in squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - Positive or negative surgical margins of excision cannot predict the clinical
      course of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Local
      recurrences are increased in frequency and number when invasive or in situ
      carcinoma or severe dysplasia is present at the margins. Histologic grade of the
      carcinoma has no influence. In patients with negative margins, 2- and 5-year
      survivals are dependent on the clinical stage and size of the primary tumor.

PMID- 3355050
TI  - Orbital cellulitis with abscess formation caused by sinusitis.

PMID- 3355052
TI  - Postlaryngoscopy airway complications.

PMID- 3355053
TI  - A cause for optimism in diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3355054
TI  - Clinical evaluation of flap viability with a dermal surface fluorometer.
AB  - A dermal surface fluorometer was used to monitor vascular perfusion in 22
      patients who underwent reconstructive surgical procedures with a variety of flaps
      (e.g., skin flaps, musculocutaneous flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps, and Z
      plasties). Sodium fluorescein (1.5 mg per kilogram of body weight) was
      administered intravenously at the completion of the operative procedure.
      Quantitative fluorescence readings were obtained at different points in each flap
      by means of the surface fluorometer (Fluoroscan). The readings were taken at
      several time intervals and compared with those of normal skin (control). A
      perfusion ratio was determined in each case according to the following formula:
      flap reading/(normal skin control reading X 100). Partial necrosis occurred in 4
      patients, correlating with low fluorescein perfusion measurements. From our
      findings, it appears that a perfusion ratio of 15% or greater 10 minutes
      following injection will accurately predict tissue viability. No systemic
      reactions were observed in these patients. We believe that this minimally
      invasive technique should be of considerable assistance in the postoperative
      evaluation of flap viability.

PMID- 3355055
TI  - Susceptibility of the diabetic nerve to chronic compression.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that the peripheral nerve in the presence of
      diabetes is more susceptible to chronic nerve compression than it is in the
      nondiabetic rat. A 1-cm length of sciatic nerve was subjected to chronic
      compression by banding with a Silastic tube in normal and in streptozotocin
      induced diabetic rats. After six months of banding, both the amplitude and
      conduction velocity of the diabetic banded sciatic nerve were significantly
      reduced (p less than 0.001) in comparison with the nondiabetic banded rats. These
      results suggest that in the presence of hyperglycemia, the peripheral nerve is
      more susceptible to chronic compression.

PMID- 3355056
TI  - Medial arm fasciocutaneous island flap coverage of an electrical burn of the
      upper extremity.
AB  - Deep tissue necrosis following debridement of electrical injuries can be so
      severe that amputation of the limb is often necessary. To preserve function and
      partially devitalized structures, and to lessen the necessity for amputation,
      several debridements followed by coverage with a vascularized fasciocutaneous
      flap can be advantageous. This article reports a successful case of a medial
      upper arm fasciocutaneous island flap used to cover a defect of the upper arm
      caused by an electrical burn. An angiography revealed that the ulnar collateral
      artery was not occluded, and thus it was used in the flap with successful
      results. The donor defect was closed primarily and did not require a skin graft.

PMID- 3355057
TI  - Pigmented Spitz nevus in an adult.
AB  - The Spitz nevus is usually identified as a nonpigmented nevus occurring in a
      juvenile. This report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of a
      pigmented Spitz nevus in an adult.

PMID- 3355058
TI  - Omiderm: a synthetic cover for exposed areas in epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - Omiderm, a synthetic temporary skin substitute, was used for the treatment of
      skin defects in a newborn who suffered from epidermolysis bullosa. Omiderm served
      as a biological barrier, and its transparency allowed close observation of the
      wound healing process and early detection of local infections when they occurred.

PMID- 3355059
TI  - Dermodress: a temporary skin substitute for coverage of exposed vital structures
      in the hand.
AB  - A chemically treated bovine skin, Dermodress, is presented as a new type of
      biological dressing for exposed tendons, bones, and nerves following extensive
      thermal or severe soft-tissue injuries to the hand. Its use enables the surgeon
      to postpone closure of defects with grafts or flaps until the presence of
      healthy, viable tissue is secured. The vital structures underneath the covering
      are kept moist, thus preventing necrosis and desiccation. Because of its
      adherence properties, Dermodress use also allows early mobilization and bathing,
      thereby accelerating rapid return of function.

PMID- 3355060
TI  - Massive injection of liquid silicone for hemifacial atrophy.
AB  - Liquid silicone injection for soft-tissue augmentation remains a controversial
      procedure despite 30 years of clinical use which has demonstrated exceptional
      results in patients with severe facial atrophies. This article describes a case
      in which massive silicone injection was used to treat hemifacial atrophy. Over a
      9-year period, 11 injections totaling 97 ml of liquid silicone were administered
      to the patient, representing the largest volume of silicone ever injected into
      the face. In the 16 years following the first injection, there have been no major
      complications and the patient has experienced a greatly enhanced body image and
      improved self-esteem. Although liquid silicone for injection remains under
      investigation, its use in patients with hemifacial atrophy may produce dramatic
      results with minimal complications.

PMID- 3355061
TI  - Survival after a second episode of toxic epidermal necrolysis.
AB  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis resulting from severe hypersensitivity to medication
      has a reported mortality of up to 66%. A patient surviving two episodes with more
      than a 50% skin loss is unprecedented in the medical literature. Mortality has
      been associated with many factors, including delayed reepithelialization,
      persistent skin slough, coagulopathy, severe hypoproteinemia, and sepsis. It may
      be possible to decrease morbidity and mortality by preventing the shearing of
      epidermis, thereby limiting the denuded areas. This case report describes the
      successful management of our patient's second episode of toxic epidermal
      necrolysis. The treatment of this patient in our specialized burn center
      consisted of careful fluid and electrolyte management, nutritional support,
      standard topical antimicrobials, and new modalities of local wound management.

PMID- 3355062
TI  - Oral squamous cell carcinoma in children.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity occurs very rarely in children and is
      particularly rare during the first decade of life. This article describes a case
      of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolar ridge in a 7-year-old child.
      Subtotal maxillectomy was carried out with an apparent cure (33-month follow-up).
      A brief review of this disease as it occurs in children is included. Although
      this is an aggressive neoplasm, early and adequate surgical intervention may be
      curative.

PMID- 3355063
TI  - A musculocutaneous transposition flap mammaplasty for correction of the tuberous
      breast.
AB  - Presented here is a technique employing a laterally based serratus
      musculocutaneous transposition flap for the correction of the infraareolar skin
      insufficiency characteristic of the tuberous breast deformity in its severe form.
      This surgical maneuver, augmenting those previously described for this problem,
      allows for the sculpting of a fuller and more pleasing breast contour with a
      better defined inframammary fold. Two patients are presented, one with a
      bilateral severe tuberous deformity and the other with a severe asymmetry and a
      unilateral severe tuberous deformity.

PMID- 3355064
TI  - One-stage arm-preserving shoulder resection with latissimus dorsi flap for basal
      cell carcinoma.
AB  - A 60-year-old man was found to have a large invasive basal cell carcinoma
      involving the skin and surrounding bones of the shoulder joint. The Tikhor
      Linberg procedure, a technique for preserving the arm in a shoulder resection,
      was combined with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap reconstruction in one stage to
      achieve a satisfactory functional result.

PMID- 3355066
TI  - An attempt to harness the viscoelastic properties of skin in face lift operations
      -a preliminary report.

PMID- 3355065
TI  - A new method for placement of tissue expanders.

PMID- 3355067
TI  - The distal gluteus maximus advancement musculocutaneous flap for coverage of
      trochanteric pressure sores.

PMID- 3355068
TI  - [Surgery of secondary bronchopulmonary cancers. Apropos of 53 cases].

PMID- 3355069
TI  - [Urinary complications and disorders of pelvic statics after abdominoperineal
      amputation of the rectum].

PMID- 3355070
TI  - [Acute respiratory distress syndrome with aseptic hepatic necrosis. Pathogenic
      discussion].

PMID- 3355071
TI  - [Adrenal incidentaloma: shadow or substance?].

PMID- 3355072
TI  - [Idiopathic infarction of the greater omentum. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3355073
TI  - [Stone formation and atrophy of the left liver above a patent biliodigestive
      anastomosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3355074
TI  - [Phalangeal metastasis of cancer of the esophagus. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3355075
TI  - [Treatment of incisional hernias by intraperitoneal implantation of Teflon
      prosthesis].

PMID- 3355076
TI  - [Chronic compartment syndromes of the leg].

PMID- 3355077
TI  - [Value of esophageal stimulation for decreasing auricular flutter].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of trans-esophageal
      atrial stimulation in decreasing atrial flutters. 31 patients, aged between 26
      and 86 years, underwent 38 esophageal stimulations between August 1986 and April
      1987. Esophageal stimulation was carried out with a device delivering major
      stimuli (10 to 20 ms) as well as high voltages (10 to 20 volts). A bipolar probe
      of permanent intracardiac stimulation was placed behind the left atrium, via a
      trans-esophageal approach under ECG guidance. Stimulations were carried out at a
      slightly faster rhythm than that of the atrial flutter, for 1 to 30 seconds with
      a progressive increase of the stimulation frequency (280 to 960 impulses/min)
      until either a sinus rhythm or an atrial fibrillation was obtained. A sinus
      rhythm was obtained immediately (21 times out of 38; 55.3%) and at the 24th hour
      after temporary atrial fibrillation in 8 additional patients (21%). The reduction
      percentage at 24 hours was therefore 76.3 p. cent. In 6 patients (15.8%),
      esophageal stimulation failed and in 3 additional patients, after atrial
      fibrillation, there was either relapse into flutter, or persistence of atrial
      fibrillation at the 24th hour. Esophageal stimulation was well tolerated in all
      cases. There were no local or rhythm complications. In conclusion, trans
      esophageal atrial stimulation appears to be effective, easy to implement,
      economical and well tolerated. Its primary use to decrease atrial flutter seems
      justified, permitting to avoid in 75 p. cent of the time, recourse to
      intracardiac atrial stimulation or external shock.

PMID- 3355078
TI  - [Tobacco dependence: first risk factor of atherosclerosis. Survey among smokers
      and non-smokers in group dynamics].
AB  - Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated an increased
      risk of atherosclerosis in smokers. The secondary prevention of this risk factor
      is only possible, presently, through anti-tobacco consultations. Several
      approaches are possible but there are many recurrences within the year following
      the wean-off. In a group dynamics, including patients having tried another
      method, we have conducted an investigation among inveterate smokers (n = 106),
      former smokers (n = 50) and a group of non-smokers (n = 34). Group dynamics
      remains a suitable method for smokers willing to get rid of their addiction. The
      number of daily cigarettes consumed by inveterate smokers is considerably and
      lastingly reduced, and 27 p. cent of the patients quit smoking. Monitoring of
      laboratory tests (HbCo, Blood count, HDL-cholesterol, thiocyanate, etc.),
      electrocardiogram and chest X-Ray, completes this weekly consultation and permits
      a stronger motivation for the smoker to quit smoking. Sometimes associated with
      acupuncture or homeopathy, this method permits a progressive de-conditioning from
      tobacco addiction.

PMID- 3355079
TI  - [10-year results of anastomoses of the left internal mammary artery to the
      anterior interventricular artery. Angiographic and radionuclide controls].
AB  - The long term patency of left internal mammary artery graft is better than that
      of saphenous vein graft. The aim of this study was to determined if this high
      patency rate was accompanied by a satisfactory myocardial perfusion. Among 143
      patients treated with an internal mammary artery graft on the left anterior
      descending artery between 1972 and 1976, 42 patients underwent coronary angiogram
      and exercise tomoscintigraphy (thallium 201) over 10 years after surgery. The
      left internal mammary artery was patent in 92% without any atheromatous lesions.
      The myocardial perfusion in the area supplied by the left anterior descending
      artery was normal in 74%. A slight ischemia appeared during exercise in 19%
      without any clinical symptoms. This long term study shows excellent anatomical
      results correlated with a good myocardial perfusion during exercise in most
      cases.

PMID- 3355080
TI  - The standardisation of enzyme activity measurements.

PMID- 3355081
TI  - Sodium measurements in the presence of paraproteins by four direct ISE methods
      and flame photometry compared.
AB  - Sodium was determined by flame photometry and by direct potentiometry using four
      different systems (Ektachem DT60, Corning 614, Orion 1020 and Nova-1) in serum
      samples from patients with normal proteins and paraproteins. Flame photometric
      and direct potentiometric differences (ISE-flame), showed the expected
      relationship with total protein whether or not the sample contained paraprotein,
      an exception being the Ektachem DT60 on normal protein. With the exception of the
      Ektachem DT60 with samples with normal protein levels, correlation between
      different ISE-flame estimates was good. Differences between direct potentiometric
      measurements are probably more attributable to efforts made by manufacturers to
      relate them to flame photometric measurements in 'normal samples', than to the
      volume occupied by increased protein content. The apparent lack of influence of
      protein on ISE-flame for the Ektachem DT60 was shown to relate to the original
      external reference electrode salt bridge used. A second study showed that
      changing this fluid to an equi-transferrant high salt content caesium chloride
      based reference fluid partially unmasked the protein effect.

PMID- 3355082
TI  - The detection and quantitation of paraproteins in a quality assessment scheme.

PMID- 3355083
TI  - Negative interference in a kinetic Jaffe method for serum creatinine
      determination.

PMID- 3355085
TI  - SST tubes and serum creatinine.

PMID- 3355084
TI  - Separation of serum retinol from carotenoids using normal phase disposable cyano
      columns.

PMID- 3355086
TI  - Chemiluminescence immunoassay for progesterone in plasma incorporating acridinium
      ester labelled antigen.
AB  - A sensitive, solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay suitable for determining
      progesterone concentrations in plasma has been developed. The solid-phase
      antiserum was prepared by coupling a monoclonal progesterone-antibody, raised
      against a progesterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinyl/bovine serum albumin conjugate, to
      cyanogen bromide activated cellulose. An 11 alpha-progesteryl-2
      carboxymethyltyramine-4-(10-methyl)-a cri dinium-9-carboxylate conjugate was used
      as the chemiluminescent label. The assay had a lower limit of sensitivity of 3
      pg/assay tube and satisfied accepted validation criteria. Progesterone
      concentrations determined by chemiluminescence assay were in good agreement not
      only with a radioimmunoassay in routine use but also with a gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry procedure.

PMID- 3355088
TI  - Design of the immunogen and label for use in a fluoroimmunoassay for paracetamol.
AB  - The design of immunogens for raising antisera containing antibodies specifically
      directed against paracetamol is discussed. A derivative of the drug with minimal
      structural alteration was synthesised, coupled to the carrier protein key-hole
      limpet haemocyanin, and used to immunise sheep. The evaluation of the resulting
      antisera is described. Preparation of a fluorescent label with reduced bridge
      binding then allowed the development of a polarisation fluoroimmunoassay for
      paracetamol in buffer, suitable for conversion to a direct serum assay.

PMID- 3355087
TI  - Development of a direct fluoroimmunoassay for serum levels of 17
      hydroxyprogesterone.
AB  - A direct, rapid and highly specific fluoroimmunoassay for determining serum
      levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone has been developed. It is based on the use of a
      sheep antiserum covalently coupled to magnetisable particles and fluorescein
      labelled steroid. Sodium salicylate is employed to eliminate interference from
      endogenous binding proteins in serum. The sensitivity of 0.5 nmol/L is adequate
      for clinical purposes. Analytical recovery, linearity and precision are
      satisfactory and the results obtained correlate closely with those of an
      established radioimmuno-assay using 3H-labelled steroid and the same antiserum
      after initial sample extraction and chromatography. The values found for serum
      from normal adult subjects ranged from 1.0 to 12.6 nmol/L while those from
      treated and untreated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21
      hydroxylase deficiency were 1.5 to 19.0 and 28.0 to 655 nmol/L, respectively.

PMID- 3355089
TI  - Development of a specific polarisation fluoroimmunoassay for paracetamol in
      serum.
AB  - A specific polarisation fluoroimmunoassay for the measurement of paracetamol
      levels in serum has been developed for use in emergency toxicological screening.
      It is based on the use of a fluorescein-labelled analogue and a sheep antiserum
      and exploits the rapid dissociation kinetics of the hapten-antibody complex to
      enable the label and antiserum to be combined as a single reagent. Paracetamol
      levels are determined by adding 5 microL of serum to 1.5 mL of the single
      reagent, incubation at ambient temperature for a few minutes and measurement of
      fluorescence polarisation. In addition to its speed and simplicity, the assay is
      both accurate and precise and the results obtained correlate closely with those
      from the commonly used chemical and enzymatic techniques.

PMID- 3355090
TI  - Investigation of the use of bilirubin oxidase to measure the apparent unbound
      bilirubin concentration in human plasma.
AB  - An investigation into the use of bilirubin oxidase to measure the apparent
      concentration of unbound bilirubin in solutions of bilirubin or bilirubin/human
      serum albumin demonstrated (1) near linearity of oxidation rate with bilirubin
      concentration up to 16 mumol/L, (2) linearity with respect to enzyme
      concentration up to 75 mg/L, (3) specificity of the enzyme for unbound bilirubin,
      as opposed to bound bilirubin, (4) poor precision. Very small absorbance changes
      leading to poor precision and the potential for interference by conjugated
      bilirubin meant that the method was unsuitable for patient samples.

PMID- 3355091
TI  - An external quality assessment scheme for total bilirubin.
AB  - A regional quality assessment scheme for total bilirubin methods is described.
      The scheme provides liquid sera at three concentrations and allows method
      linearity to be assessed. The sera were shown to be adequately stable over the
      periods of assessment. An integral part of the scheme is quick feedback of
      comparative performance between and within participant laboratories. Data
      presentation has some novel aspects to it (a) the weekly report shows deviation
      from the weighed-in value and intra- and inter-laboratory variation (b) the 6
      monthly summary gives the average performance of the best three laboratories as
      achievable precision. There is also dialogue with participants on all aspects of
      the scheme including the material provided.

PMID- 3355092
TI  - Plasma sodium and potassium measurement: minimising ISE-flame differences using
      specimens from patients.
AB  - Experience in clinical chemistry of direct reading ion-selective electrode
      analysers for the measurement of plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations has shown that
      the results obtained on any specimen may vary significantly from one make of
      instrument to another. To overcome these differences, the European Working Group
      on ISEs of the IFCC Expert Panel on pH, Blood Gases and Electrolytes have
      proposed that instruments should be standardised to report Na+ and K+
      concentrations in undiluted plasma to agree with flame emission spectrometry in
      samples with normal plasma water bicarbonate concentrations and normal pH. In
      designing and setting the calibration of a new ISE analyser for Na+ and K+, the
      Corning 614, the manufacturer has attempted to satisfy this proposal using a
      large number of specimens obtained from patients. This paper presents details of
      the procedure used and the results of an independent evaluation of its validity
      in routine clinical practice.

PMID- 3355093
TI  - Response of red blood cell control materials to altered testing conditions.
AB  - While many features are regularly considered in selecting control reagents, the
      responsiveness of these products to methodologic errors is frequently overlooked.
      To address this issue with regard to commercially prepared whole blood cell
      controls, mean cell volume (MCV) determinations were performed on several
      preserved red blood cell controls and fresh blood in the presence of various
      artifacts. The effects contaminating the isotonic diluent with water, saline, or
      bleach were compared. Although our results indicate that preserved and fresh RBCs
      generally behave similarly, large differences were observed in the responses to
      hypotonic stress among controls and between controls and fresh specimens. As this
      may have clinical relevance, our data highlight the need for testing the
      responsiveness of controls to commonly encountered methodologic variables as part
      of the routine evaluation of these products.

PMID- 3355094
TI  - Clinical correlates in patients with elevated platelet-associated
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - Studies are reported pertaining to platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) and IgM
      (PAIgM) in patients with thrombocytopenias considered possibly immune-mediated on
      clinical grounds. Approximately 14 percent of all patients with these disorders
      had elevated PAIgM but normal levels of PAIgG. Of patients with classic
      autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP), there was a trend toward more frequently
      normal levels of PAIgG in chronic ITP compared with patients with acute ITP, but
      this was not statistically significant. Patients with acute ITP had higher levels
      of PAIgG and PAIgM in general than those with chronic ITP. Patterns of PAIgG
      and/or PAIgM elevation were not significantly different when chronic and acute
      ITP were compared, nor when childhood ITP was compared with adult ITP. Patients
      with immune thrombocytopenias owing to malignant disorders were likely to have
      lower levels of PAIgG compared with those with classic ITP. Treated patients with
      immune thrombocytopenias showed a trend toward earlier response to therapy if
      they had only elevated PAIgG as opposed to elevated PAIgM alone or elevated PAIgM
      and PAIgG (p = 0.17). There appear to be great overlaps in the patterns and
      quantities of PAIgG and PAIgM in patients with immune-mediated thrombocytopenias
      in widely varied clinical settings. This suggests some underlying common
      pathophysiologic mechanisms for thrombocytopenia in these clinically diverse
      disorders. It is believed that the data are most consistent with the hypothesis
      that thrombocytopenia in patients with elevated PAIgG and/or PAIgM is most
      probably of immune origin even in such diverse disorders as systemic lupus
      erythematosus, cirrhosis of the liver, lymphoma, leukemia, cancer, or septic
      conditions, as well as in ITP.

PMID- 3355095
TI  - Chorioamnionitis: a study of organisms isolated in perinatal autopsies.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of postmortem cultures in
      perinatal autopsies; in particular, those cases where there is gross or
      histologic evidence of chorioamnionitis. Lung, liver, blood, and placental
      cultures were obtained from 159 neonatal autopsies with histologic evidence of
      chorioamnionitis at Magee-Women's Hospital between January 1980 and July 1985.
      The criterion for chorioamnionitis was a polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltrate
      in the placental membranes. The neonates studied were 63 percent white and 36
      percent black; the male to female ratio was 83 to 76. Intrauterine fetal death
      occurred in 43 percent of the cases. The mean gestational age was 24 weeks.
      Premature labor occurred in 64 percent of the cases, and 70 percent of the cases
      presented with premature rupture of fetal membranes. Congenital pneumonia
      (defined by the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the alveolar spaces)
      was present in 45 percent of cases. The lung was the most frequent site cultured;
      the four most frequently isolated organisms were: Staphylococcus epidermidis--18
      percent; Beta Streptococcus Group B--13 percent; E. coli--nine percent;
      Ureaplasma urealyticum--nine percent. Negative cultures from multiple sites
      occurred in seven percent of cases. The results of this investigation indicate
      that multi-organ cultures help in defining the role of a particular bacteria as a
      pathogen, and that Staphylococcus epidermidis may be a true fetal pathogen under
      certain conditions. It is recommended that cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis not
      be done on fetal tissues.

PMID- 3355096
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma apolipoproteins in patients with multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) E is synthesized by cells of the central and peripheral
      nervous systems, and its synthesis and secretion in the peripheral nervous
      systems, and its synthesis and secretion in the peripheral nervous system of
      animals are greatly stimulated following Wallerian degeneration. It has been
      suggested that apo E functions in the metabolism of myelin lipids, but its
      physiologic role in nervous tissue has not been elucidated. To determine if apo E
      might play a role in demyelinating neuropathy, the concentrations were examined
      of apos E and A-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of patients with
      multiple sclerosis during clinical remission, and in patients with no neurologic
      disease. Serum and CSF albumin concentrations were measured to account for the
      possible influences of serum apo E concentration and/or altered blood-brain
      barrier permeability on the CSF apo E pool. A CSF index for apo E and apo A-1 was
      calculated in the same manner presently used for calculation of immunoglobulin G
      (IgG) production in the nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
      The results showed that the concentrations of apo E, apo Al, and albumin in the
      CSF of the MS patients were not significantly altered. The concentration of apo E
      in the serum, however, was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased by 44
      percent in the MS patients. The difference was relatively specific for serum apo
      E because the serum apo Al and albumin concentrations were unchanged.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355097
TI  - Drug abuse in the workplace.
AB  - A program for drug-testing in the workplace requires careful planning. There
      should be a written policy, detailing for which drugs should there be testing,
      personnel to be tested, frequency and mode of testing, and sanctions if the tests
      are positive. Urine collection is best carried out under direct vision, but this
      may create problems because of invasion of privacy. A chain of custody for the
      urine specimen must be established and confidentiality of the employee's name
      maintained. The choice of drugs depends on the employer's objectives, but the
      illicit "street" drugs should be included. The drug testing laboratory should be
      carefully selected. Drug screening should be by an antibody method and all
      positive screening tests must be confirmed by gas chromatography or, even better,
      by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of drugs constituting a
      positive test should be established. These values are usually set by the
      manufacturers of the reagent kits. Interpretation of positive results should be
      made by an expert and not by lay staff. Positive results for some drugs may
      result from prescription medication or food.

PMID- 3355098
TI  - Resistance against Leishmania donovani induced with an aluminum hydroxide
      vaccine.
AB  - Mice immunized with a subcutaneous protocol combining killed parasites and
      aluminum hydroxide gel exhibited significant resistance against subsequent
      challenge with Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Protection was greatest using
      25 mg of aluminum hydroxide per injection. Resistance elicited by this killed
      parasite and aluminum hydroxide protocol was as effective on day 14 as that
      provided by immunization with a glucan and killed parasite preparation, and more
      effective in hepatic amastigote reduction at day 28. The effectiveness of
      aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant appears to result, at least in part, from its
      ability to activate macrophages, thus aiding in the elimination of this
      intracellular parasite.

PMID- 3355099
TI  - [Determination of the carcinoembryonic antigen and endoscopic sphincterectomy in
      papillomatosis of the bile ducts].
AB  - Two new cases of multiple biliary papillomatosis are reported. In these 2 cases,
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (CRE) was performed; the roentgen findings
      are described; the mucinous aspect of the bile, the important levels of biliary
      carcinoembryonic antigen and the intraductal biopsies after endoscopic
      sphincterotomy (E.S.) furnished precious aid for diagnosis; one E.S. was
      performed in the two cases allowing satisfactory drainage biliary; in one case,
      surgery and chemotherapy were associated; based on these two cases and 26 others
      of literature, management of the disease is discussed.

PMID- 3355100
TI  - [Acute recurrent hepatitis caused by plethoryl].

PMID- 3355101
TI  - [Malnutrition in chronic radiation enteritis. Study of 100 patients].
AB  - The nutritional condition of 100 patients with radiation chronic enteritis was
      studied and compared with that of a consecutive series of 80 patients
      hospitalized for digestive disorders. The parameters which were measured (body
      weight, muscular measurement, triceps skinfold creatinine/height index, albumin,
      transferrin, cholesterol, lymphocytosis), were all significantly lower in
      patients with radiotherapy enteritis. Anthropometric parameters and lymphocytes
      were the most affected. The severity of the denutrition was unrelated to the
      duration of the radiotherapy, the presence of an associated post-radiotherapy
      involvement of the colon or the urinary tract, a neoplastic recurrence, possible
      past-history of small bowel surgery; on the contrary, it was related to the
      extension of actinic lesions on the small bowel and to the presence of
      subocclusive manifestations. The subsequent evolution at 6 months was most often
      complicated or unfavorable in patients presenting a severe denutrition.
      Therefore, denutrition is frequent and severe in the course of post-radiotherapy
      chronic enteritis and is associated with a more guarded prognosis.

PMID- 3355102
TI  - Periodical changes of short term growth velocity ('mini growth spurts') in human
      growth.
AB  - Evidence has accumulated that predictions of annual or half-annual growth rates
      are of limited validity when derived from extrapolations of short term growth
      rates. In order to investigate whether the poor predictive qualities of short
      sections of individual growth curves are caused by non-linearity of human growth,
      we have studied 73 healthy children, aged 2.9 to 15.9 years, with standard
      deviation scores for body height ranging between -3.3 and +3.0. The children were
      measured between 18 and 106 times once or twice per week throughout periods of
      180 to 306 days by knemometry, a novel and noninvasive technique of accurate
      lower leg length measurement. Non-linearity of growth was found in about 70% of
      those children who could be measured more than 35 times. 45 children provided
      evidence for a characteristic up-and-down pattern of lower leg growth velocity
      consisting of sharp growth spurts ('mini growth spurts') alternating with periods
      of decreased growth velocity every 30 to 55 days. This pattern seemed to appear
      spontaneously, though in some cases we found a marked coincidence between periods
      of growth arrest and intermittent infectious illness.

PMID- 3355103
TI  - Age trends in transmissible and non-transmissible components of family
      resemblance for stature.
AB  - Yearly measurements of recumbent length and stature on participants in the Fels
      Longitudinal Study of Growth and their first-degree relatives were submitted to
      path analysis. Using a model consistent with simple polygenic inheritance, two
      parameters were estimated at each age: t2 or transmissibility, and s, or non
      transmissible sibling resemblance. Transmissibility showed no long-term age
      trends, whereas non-transmissible sibling resemblance declined steadily from age
      four years to the late teens. The factors controlling family resemblance for
      stature (genes and common family environment) make different contributions at
      different points in the growth cycle of these family members. These differences
      are more discernable in the Fels data because all family members, including
      parents, are measured at the same age throughout childhood.

PMID- 3355104
TI  - Growth patterns of rural children in the Kgalagadi region of Botswana.
AB  - 483 children between the ages of 7 and 14 years in the arid Kgalagadi region of
      central Botswana were measured for height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness and
      upper arm circumference. These rural children were of comparable height to urban
      Tswana children recently reported in the literature but were considerably
      lighter. Subcutaneous fat measurements were similar to those previously reported
      but arm girth measurements were slightly smaller for rural children. These
      differences between urban and rural populations are discussed in terms of
      possible genetic factors and differences in nutritional status resulting from
      drought and food distribution.

PMID- 3355105
TI  - The association between birth order and adult stature.
AB  - First-borns are smaller than later-borns at birth. We investigated adult stature
      of families with three or more adult children, aged between 20 and 70 (mean 32)
      years. There was no significant correlation between size of the family and final
      adult stature of the siblings. We found a mean height reduction of first-borns
      compared to the mean of all sibs of -1.2 cm (P less than 0.02 using conventional
      analysis of variance, P less than 0.05 using nonparametric prediction configural
      frequency analysis). Males tend to increase in height with increasing birth
      order, whereas females do not beyond the second-born. These observations could
      not be explained by decreasing age of later-born sibs, nor by periods of
      malnutrition immediately after the war (1945-1948). Thus, we conclude that birth
      order is a factor that contributes significantly to the variance of adult height
      within sibships.

PMID- 3355106
TI  - Pregnancy wastage in scheduled caste women of Punjab.
AB  - The present report is an attempt to secure adequate data about pregnancy wastage
      in scheduled caste women of Punjab who do not use any family limiting method.
      Analysis of reproductive histories of 922 Scheduled Caste women reveals that in
      the maternal age group 25-29 years, the mothers experienced the least number of
      abortions and still births. However, beyond this the risk of pregnancy wastage
      increases with age.

PMID- 3355107
TI  - Metabolic changes in healthy men using fat-modified diets. II. Composition of
      biliary lipids.
AB  - The composition of fasting gallbladder bile was investigated in a group of 14
      healthy men both on their normal diets and on a low cholesterol diet containing
      less saturated and more polyunsaturated fat given twice for 4 weeks. These
      dietary changes caused a 21.6% reduction of total serum cholesterol levels. With
      the use of the fat-modified diet lithogenic indices of fasting gallbladder bile
      were not significantly changed despite increased relative concentrations of bile
      acids and decreased relative concentrations of phospholipids and cholesterol in
      bile. Thus, the experiment provided no evidence for an increased cholelithiasis
      risk in healthy men ingesting 'prudent diets'.

PMID- 3355108
TI  - Influence of lipid-rich diets on intestinal cholesterol uptake.
AB  - The purpose of this work was to determine whether or not cholesterol transport by
      intestinal brush border is influenced by fat-enriched diets and therefore plays a
      role in the regulation of cholesterol absorption. This study was carried out on
      rats divided into three groups according to diet: (1) control with a diet
      containing 1.2% cholesterol (diet T), (2) diet T plus 28% saturated fat (lard)
      and (3) diet T plus 28% polyunsaturated fat (corn oil). Uptake of cholesterol and
      oleic acid from defined mixed micellar solutions was studied on two experimental
      models: everted sacs and brush border vesicles of the intestinal membrane. In
      vivo cholesterol absorption was measured by the dual isotope plasma ratio method
      of Zilversmit. Fat-enriched diets decreased both in vivo cholesterol absorption
      and in vitro cholesterol uptake without any specific effect of unsaturated fats.
      This suggests that the mechanisms involved in the transport of cholesterol across
      the brush border membrane may be rate-limiting for cholesterol absorption. Oleate
      and butyrate uptakes, in contrast, were unaffected by the fat content of the
      diet.

PMID- 3355109
TI  - Dietary thiocyanate and N-nitrosation in vivo in the Wistar rat.
AB  - The influence of dietary thiocyanate (SCN-) on N-nitrosation in vivo was
      investigated over 14 min following the administration, by stomach tube, of single
      doses of sodium nitrite and dimethylamine hydrochloride to male albino Wistar
      rats whose diet contained appreciable quantities of bound cyanide (cyanogenic
      glycosides) and free (nonglycosidic) cyanide. The rate of disappearance of the
      nitrosating agent (NO2-) from the stomach in control animals showed a high linear
      correlation (r = -0.84) with gastric N-nitrosation, as measured by metabolism (N
      demethylation) of 'formed' nitrosamine in liver tissue isolated from these
      animals. This statistical relationship was significantly increased (r = 0.98), as
      well as the rate of NO2- utilization and the activity of the N-demethylase
      enzyme, in animals fed the test diet. Stomach SCN- content was well correlated
      with both stomach NO2- concentration (r = -0.95) and liver N-demethylase activity
      (r = +0.93). Interactions, in vivo, between thiocyanate ion and nitrosamine
      precursors ingested in food may enhance nitrosamine carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3355110
TI  - 3-Methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in urine from low-birth-weight infants.
      Statistical analysis.
AB  - 3-Methylhistidine and creatinine concentrations were determined in 45 24-hour
      urine samples collected in 380 single voidings from 23 preterm infants
      (gestational age: 30-36 weeks, median: 33 weeks; birth weight: 1,613 +/- 219 g;
      age: 9-83 days postpartum) and from 7 infants small for gestational age (birth
      weight: 2,061 +/- 203 g; age: 2-30 days postpartum). Statistical analysis shows
      that diurnal variations of the ratio 3-methylhistidine/creatinine are negligible.
      The variability of this ratio is chiefly caused by differences in excretion on
      different collection dates and is probably due to differences in the metabolic
      state. Hence the determination of 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in single
      voidings is sufficient even in low-birth-weight infants. In our collective the
      mean 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio for healthy, well-growing low-birth
      weight infants (n = 21) was 19.6 +/- 2.3 mumol/mmol. Infants with stagnating or
      decreasing weight (n = 5) showed 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratios clearly
      above that of the normal group.

PMID- 3355112
TI  - Unanesthetized infants article challenged.

PMID- 3355111
TI  - 3-Methylhistidine/creatinine ratio in urine from low-birth-weight infants.
      Clinical approach.
AB  - Single urine voidings were collected twice a week in the clinical course of 12
      low-birth-weight infants (gestational age: 31.8 +/- 2.8 weeks; birth weight:
      1,383 +/- 308 g) and analyzed for 3-methylhistidine and creatinine. The mean 3
      methylhistidine/creatinine ratio for 6 healthy, well-fed, growing low-birth
      weight infants was 20.2 +/- 1.9 mumol/mmol. In the clinical course of single
      individuals a rise of urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was observed in
      cases of acute infection and/or low energy supply (less than 100 kcal/kg/day)
      frequently coupled with insufficient weight gain. Mean 3
      methylhistidine/creatinine ratios in infants with hyaline membrane syndrome under
      artificial respiration were generally higher than in the controls matched for
      energy supply.

PMID- 3355113
TI  - Limited use of axillary blocks questioned.

PMID- 3355114
TI  - Autologous adrenal medulla transplant. Investigational treatment for Parkinson's
      disease.

PMID- 3355115
TI  - Surgery and children. A colorful way to introduce children to surgery.
AB  - Since the introduction of Your Operation Day in 1984, the center has found that
      the anxiety level and the fear of the unknown for both the parents and the child
      have been reduced. The number of late or cancelled procedures also has been
      reduced. A preoperative teaching tool such as Your Operation Day presents the
      child and the parents with a nonthreatening introduction to surgery at the
      center. Parents, and often siblings, become involved with the patient's
      experience and create a supportive, understanding network for the child. In
      preparing the child and the parents through the use of the coloring book, the
      ambulatory surgery nurses can begin the perioperative nursing process even before
      meeting the patient.

PMID- 3355116
TI  - Return of bladder function. A research study.

PMID- 3355117
TI  - Surgical wound surveillance. Quality assurance approach.

PMID- 3355118
TI  - Conflict. Developing resolution skills.
AB  - Even though conflict diagnosis is an inexact process, the thoughtful critique of
      conflict experiences can result in a better understanding of issues, and help
      guide a more skilled and effective response. As with any skill, diagnosing
      conflict improves with use, and contributes to more effective human
      relationships.

PMID- 3355119
TI  - World Health Organization issues statement on AIDS.

PMID- 3355120
TI  - Geriatric ambulatory surgery patients. Assessing cognitive functions.

PMID- 3355121
TI  - Should anencephalic neonates be organ donors?

PMID- 3355122
TI  - Effects of slow release carbohydrates in the form of bean flakes on the evolution
      of hunger and satiety in man.
AB  - This study was undertaken to test the effects of plausible meals containing slow
      release starches in the form of bean flakes on plasma glucose and hunger in man.
      In a first study, volunteers consumed a hachis paramentier (shepherd's pie)
      containing either bean puree or potato puree. After the meal containing potato,
      plasma glucose levels rose sharply, peaked at 30-45 min and fell below initial
      levels 2 to 3 h later. With bean puree there was a low, sustained increase in
      blood glucose. In a second study, volunteers consumed six hachis parmentier
      (three with bean puree, three with potato puree, topped with spinach, ratatouille
      or tomatoes). Relative to potato, the bean puree delayed the return of hunger and
      decreased ratings for propensity to eat a tasty snack.

PMID- 3355123
TI  - Compensation for caloric dilution in humans given unrestricted access to food in
      a residential laboratory.
AB  - Six adult male research volunteers, in two groups of three subjects each, lived
      continuously in a residential laboratory for 14 days. All contact with the
      experimenters was through a networked computer system and subjects' behaviors,
      including food intake, were continuously recorded. During the first part of the
      day, subjects remained in their private rooms doing work activities. During the
      remainder of the day, they had the option to socialize with each other. A wide
      variety of food items were continuously available. Subjects were in complete
      control of their pattern of food intake and could consume any item, or number of
      items, at any time during the day. On days 6 through 11, reduced calorie versions
      of approximately one third of the food items were covertly substituted for the
      regular caloric content items. This manipulation decreased intake from the
      reduced-calorie group of foods by 500 kcal. The subjects immediately and
      completely compensated for the loss of calories by increasing the number of non
      calorie-manipulated food items consumed. When regular calorie foods were again
      available during the last 3 days of the experiment, subjects failed to compensate
      for this increase in caloric intake. Thus, under conditions of unlimited access
      to food, human volunteers completely compensated for caloric dilution, but were
      less accurate in responding to increases in caloric intake.

PMID- 3355124
TI  - Preferred sweetness of a lime drink and preference for sweet over non-sweet
      foods, related to sex and reported age and body weight.
AB  - The ideal sugar concentration in a lime drink, the tolerance of deviations from
      that ideal, the choices between sweet and non-sweet foods, and tea and coffee
      sugaring habits, were assessed for each individual in an unstratified sample of
      344 children and adults of both sexes, and body mass index (BMI) for 241 of them.
      Lime drink ideal point, hot-drink sugaring habits and the preferences for cake
      trolley over cheeseboard, flavoured milk shake over ice-cold milk, lemonade or
      tonic water over soda water and bread and margarine with honey or chocolate
      spread over plain bread and margarine, were all reliably associated positively
      with each other. This confirms the reality of the "sweet tooth", but not its
      extension to all sweet foods, because preferences for carrot over celery and for
      orange juice over tomato juice were not reliably associated with the other
      preferences. On average, the men showed a greater sweetness preference than the
      women. Women and younger subjects showed on average greater preferences for
      carrot and orange juice over the alternatives. When BMI was disconfounded from
      age and sex, it did not relate either to the preference for foods and drinks
      generally regarded as sweet or to the preference for a sweet alternative to a non
      sweet vegetable food or drink.

PMID- 3355125
TI  - Sensory assessment of fat content in fluid dairy products.
AB  - It is unclear what stimulus properties and sensory systems contribute to the
      discrimination of fat content in foods. Fluid dairy products containing 0.5 to
      36% fat were rated on category scales for "fat content", "creaminess", and
      "pleasantness" under various conditions. In the first experiment, perceived fat
      content of the stimuli was not changed from normal conditions when visual and
      olfactory inputs were removed. In a second experiment, the stimuli were altered
      by the addition of a textural agent, such that their viscosities were all
      approximately equivalent. Elimination of olfactory input again had no effect on
      ratings of "fat content". Addition of a textural agent greatly enhanced the
      apparent "fat content" of the lower fat samples, though it did not fully
      compensate for the perceived differences amongst the stimuli. These experiments
      strongly support the concept that perceptions of "fat content" in these products
      is largely attributable to textural properties, such as viscosity, sensed within
      the oral cavity.

PMID- 3355126
TI  - Disposition of D-fenfluramine in lean and obese rats.
AB  - The anorectic drug D-fenfluramine (D-F) was administered as single i.v. doses of
      1.25 and 6.25 mg/kg to lean female Sprague-Dawley and lean and obese female
      Zucker rats. Blood samples were collected serially and analysed by electron
      capture gas-liquid chromatography for D-F and its main metabolite, D
      norfenfluramine (D-NF). At the lowest dose the disappearance of D-F followed an
      apparent first-order process with mean elimination half-life (T1/2) of
      approximately 2 h in female Sprague-Dawley and 4 h in lean and obese Zucker rats.
      Mean absolute steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was the same in the lean
      female of both strains but total clearance (Cl) was significantly lower in the
      Zucker rats. Therefore elimination T1/2 of D-F was longer in female Zucker than
      Sprague-Dawley animals. Obese rats presented lower relative Cl and Vss but no
      change in absolute Cl and Vss and elimination T1/2 of the drug. Intra- and inter
      strain differences were observed in hepatic microsomal protein and P-450 content.
      As in the case of D-F the elimination T1/2 of D-NF was also longer in Zucker than
      Sprague-Dawley rats. No differences were observed between lean and obese rats but
      in all cases the elimination T1/2 of the metabolite was much longer than that of
      its parent drug. After larger doses (6.25 mg/kg) the kinetics of the drug were
      not linear. The apparent Cl declined changing the metabolite-to-parent drug
      ratios in all types of rats, but more evidently in Zucker than Sprague-Dawley
      rats and in obese than lean animals. Inter- and intra-strain differences in D-F
      and D-NF kinetics should be considered in neurochemical studies of the drug and
      extrapolation of data across animal species requires consideration of dose
      dependence in the rat.

PMID- 3355127
TI  - Rates of eating by domestic fowls in relation to changing food deficits.
AB  - Rates of eating by immature female fowls declined in a curvilinear way in the 30
      min after return of food after 0-4 h deprivation. Amounts eaten in the first 5-10
      min were related positively to the length of deprivation and were greater with
      pelleted food than with mash. Times taken by birds to reach a presumed
      equilibrium between probabilities of feeding starting and stopping, at two
      consecutive minutes with less than 0.2 g eaten, were related positively to the
      deprivation period and were greater with mash than with pellets. At these times,
      however, more had been eaten with pellets than with mash, and none of the
      deprived birds had eliminated their estimated food deficits. Furthermore, in only
      one out of ten treatments did birds compensate imbalances completely by the end
      of the 90 min test. It is proposed that the observed changes in eating rate may
      reflect interactions between pecking success, increasing fatigue and decreasing
      hunger. It is also concluded that, while short-term adjustments in feeding may be
      limited by preabsorptive factors, eventual compensation of imbalances depends on
      postabsorptive control.

PMID- 3355128
TI  - Isolation of a methyl parathion-degrading Pseudomonas sp. that possesses DNA
      homologous to the opd gene from a Flavobacterium sp.
AB  - Two mixed bacterial cultures isolated by soil enrichment were capable of
      utilizing methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate) and
      parathion (O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenylphosphorothioate) as a sole source of
      carbon. Four isolates from these mixed cultures lost their ability to utilize the
      pesticides independently in transfers subsequent to the initial isolation. One
      member of the mixed cultures, a Pseudomonas sp., however, hydrolyzed the
      pesticides to p-nitrophenol but required glucose or another carbon source for
      growth. The crude cell extracts prepared from this bacterium showed an optimum pH
      range from 7.5 to 9.5 for the enzymatic hydrolysis. Maximum enzymatic activity
      occurred between 35 and 40 degrees C. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by
      heavy metals, EDTA, or NaN3. Another isolate from the mixed cultures, a
      Flavobacterium sp., used p-nitrophenol for growth and degraded it to nitrite.
      Nitrite was assimilated into the cells under conditions during which the nitrogen
      source was excluded from the minimal growth medium. The hybridization data showed
      that the DNAs from a Pseudomonas sp. and from the mixed culture had homology with
      the opd (organophosphate degradation) gene from a previously reported parathion
      hydrolyzing bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. The use of the opd gene as a probe may
      accelerate progress toward understanding the complex interactions of soil
      microorganisms with parathions.

PMID- 3355129
TI  - Reductive dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene to tri- and dichlorobenzenes in
      anaerobic sewage sludge.
AB  - Hexachlorobenzene was dechlorinated to tri- and dichlorobenzenes in anaerobic
      sewage sludge. The complete biotransformation of 190 microM hexachlorobenzene
      (approximately 50 ppm) occurred within 3 weeks. The calculated rate of
      hexachlorobenzene dechlorination was 13.6 mumol liter-1 day-1. Hexachlorobenzene
      was dechlorinated via two routes, both involving the sequential removal of
      chlorine from the aromatic ring. The major route was hexachlorobenzene---
      pentachlorobenzene----1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene--- -1,3,5- trichlorobenzene.
      Greater than 90% of the added hexachlorobenzene was recovered as 1,3,5
      trichlorobenzene, and there was no evidence for further dechlorination of 1,3,5
      trichlorobenzene. The minor route was hexachlorobenzene----pentachlorobenzene---
      1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene--- -1,2,4- trichlorobenzene----dichlorobenzenes. These
      results extend reductive dechlorination to poorly water soluble aromatic
      hydrocarbons which could potentially include other important environmental
      pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls.

PMID- 3355130
TI  - Effect of dietary carbohydrates on bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase in poultry
      intestinal homogenates.
AB  - The bile salt hydrolase activity in intestinal homogenates reflects composite
      activities of the gastrointestinal microbial consortia. We have proposed that
      specific transformations of conjugated bile acids by the intestinal microflora
      result in the production of metabolites which depress the growth of poultry. The
      influence of dietary carbohydrates on the physical and kinetic properties of
      cholyltaurine hydrolase activity, one such bile acid-transforming enzyme in
      gastrointestinal homogenates of young chickens, was characterized by using a
      sensitive radiochemical assay. Cholyltaurine hydrolase activity in crude extracts
      of ileal homogenates was increased twofold by 0.25% Triton X-100 and a freeze
      thaw cycle. The pH optimum for cholyltaurine hydrolase from ileal homogenates was
      very broad and reflected the pH range of poultry intestinal contents (i.e., 5.8
      to 6.4). The carbohydrate component of the diet did not affect the apparent
      temperature optimum (41 degrees C) or stability profile, nor did it affect the
      apparent Km for taurocholic acid hydrolysis (approximately 0.43 mM). The enzymes
      in intestinal homogenates were active on all taurine-conjugated bile acids
      tested. The carbohydrate component of the diet did, however, affect the specific
      activity of cholyltaurine hydrolase in ileal homogenates from chickens. The
      levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase activity (rye greater than sucrose greater than
      corn) in homogenates from birds fed the different diets were directly related to
      the amount of growth depression (rye greater than sucrose greater than corn)
      associated with feeding these dietary carbohydrates. These data suggest that
      intestinal levels of cholyltaurine hydrolase are correlated with the amount of
      carbohydrate-induced growth depression in poultry.

PMID- 3355131
TI  - Predictive model of conjugative plasmid transfer in the rhizosphere and
      phyllosphere.
AB  - A computer simulation model was used to predict the dynamics of survival and
      conjugation of Pseudomonas cepacia (carrying the transmissible recombinant
      plasmid R388:Tn1721) with a nonrecombinant recipient strain in simple rhizosphere
      and phyllosphere microcosms. Plasmid transfer rates were derived for a mass
      action model, and donor and recipient survival were modeled as exponential growth
      and decay processes or both. Rate parameters were derived from laboratory studies
      in which donor and recipient strains were incubated in test tubes with a peat
      vermiculite solution or on excised radish or bean leaves in petri dishes. The
      model predicted donor, recipient, and transconjugant populations in hourly time
      steps. It was tested in a microcosm planted with radish seeds and inoculated with
      donor and recipient strains and on leaf surfaces of radish and bean plants also
      growing in microcosms. Bacteria were periodically enumerated on selective media
      over 7 to 14 days. When donor and recipient populations were 10(6) to 10(8) CFU/g
      (wet weight) of plant or soil, transconjugant populations of about 10(1) to 10(4)
      were observed after 1 day. An initial rapid increase and a subsequent decline in
      numbers of transconjugants in the rhizosphere and on leaf surfaces were correctly
      predicted.

PMID- 3355132
TI  - Genetic transformation in Lactobacillus sp. strain 100-33 of the capacity to
      colonize the nonsecreting gastric epithelium in mice.
AB  - Lactobacillus isolates able to colonize the surfaces of the nonsecreting
      epithelia in the stomachs of monoassociated ex-germfree mice were derived from
      Lactobacillus acidophilus 100-33. Strain 100-33 was originally isolated from pig
      feces and is unable to colonize the murine gastric epithelium. In experiments
      involving attempts genetically to transform the capacity to colonize the
      epithelium, cells of strain 100-33 were treated with muralytic enzymes and mixed
      with polyethylene glycol and genomic or plasmid DNA extracted from Lactobacillus
      fermentum RI. Strain RI was originally isolated from a conventional mouse and has
      the capacity to colonize the nonsecreting gastric epithelium. The mixtures
      containing cells, polyethylene glycol, and DNA were plated on a regeneration
      medium. After overnight incubation, the cells were washed from the plates and
      introduced by gastric gavage into germfree mice. Only mice that received
      regenerated 100-33 cells previously mixed with genomic DNA from strain RI had
      layers of gram-positive bacteria on the keratinized epithelia of their stomachs.
      Six isolates cultured from the washed gastric tissues of these animals were
      characterized. When a culture of each or a pool of cultures of the six were
      orally administered to germfree mice, layers of gram-positive bacterial cells
      were visible on the keratinized gastric epithelia of the animals within 1 to 3
      weeks. Cells of all six, but not of strain 100-33, reacted with antibody made in
      rabbits to L. fermentum RI cells, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay. Nevertheless, all six had fermentation profiles identical to that of
      strain 100-33.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355133
TI  - Metabolism of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene by flavobacteria.
AB  - Flavobacteria that were able to grow on 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene (2,6-DMN) were
      isolated from soil. Most were able to oxidize a broad range of aromatic
      hydrocarbons after growth on 2,6-DMN at rates comparable to that of the oxidation
      of 2,6-DMN itself. One small group was neither able to grow on naphthalene nor
      able to oxidize this compound after growth on 2,6-DMN, but metabolized 2,6-DMN by
      a pathway which converged with that previously described for naphthalene
      metabolism in pseudomonads. These organisms could also grow on salicylate or
      methylsalicylate, and in so doing, early enzymes for 2,6-DMN metabolism were
      induced.

PMID- 3355134
TI  - Anaerobic degradation of alkylated benzenes in denitrifying laboratory aquifer
      columns.
AB  - Toluene and m-xylene were rapidly mineralized in an anaerobic laboratory aquifer
      column operated under continuous-flow conditions with nitrate as an electron
      acceptor. The oxidation of toluene and m-xylene was coupled with the reduction of
      nitrate, and mineralization was confirmed by trapping 14CO2 evolved from 14C-ring
      labeled substrates. Substrate degradation also took place when nitrous oxide
      replaced nitrate as an electron acceptor, but decomposition was inhibited in the
      presence of molecular oxygen or after the substitution of nitrate by nitrite. The
      m-xylene-adapted microorganisms in the aquifer column degraded toluene,
      benzaldehyde, benzoate, m-toluylaldehyde, m-toluate, m-cresol, p-cresol, and p
      hydroxybenzoate but were unable to metabolize benzene, naphthalene,
      methylcyclohexane, and 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane. Isotope-dilution experiments
      suggested benzoate as an intermediate formed during anaerobic toluene metabolism.
      The finding that the highly water-soluble nitrous oxide served as electron
      acceptor for the anaerobic mineralization of some aromatic hydrocarbons may offer
      attractive options for the in situ restoration of polluted aquifers.

PMID- 3355135
TI  - Postprandial changes in methanogenic and acidogenic bacteria in the rumens of
      steers fed high- or low-forage diets once daily.
AB  - Four ruminally fistulated Hereford steers (400 kg) were fed two isocaloric diets
      at 1.5 x maintenance once daily in a repeated measurement crossover experiment.
      Postprandial changes in hydrogen-oxidizing, carbon dioxide-reducing bacterial
      groups were monitored. The methanogenic bacterial populations were present at
      densities of 4 x 10(8) to 8 x 10(8)/g of ruminal contents on either the high- or
      low-forage diet. Numbers remained constant postprandially on the high-forage diet
      but showed a distinct rise and fall with the once-daily feeding of the low-forage
      diet. Presumed hydrogen- and carbon dioxide-utilizing, acid-producing
      (acidogenic) bacteria were present between 2 x 10(8) and 12 x 10(8)/g of ruminal
      contents, with the density of the low-forage population being twofold higher than
      that of the high-forage population. Acidogenic bacteria exhibited similar
      postprandial changes on both diets, with the predominant shift being associated
      with the feeding event. This is the first study which documents the postfeeding
      trends in ruminal methanogenic bacteria on specified, production-level diets. It
      is also the first study to suggest that other hydrogen-oxidizing, carbon dioxide
      reducing bacteria which produce acid instead of methane are present at high
      population densities in the normally fed adult ruminant.

PMID- 3355136
TI  - Inactivation of particle-associated coliforms by chlorine and monochloramine.
AB  - Sieves and nylon screens were used to separate primary sewage effluent solids
      into particle fractions of less than 7- or greater than 7-micron size. The
      efficiency of separation was determined by using a particle counter. Indigenous
      coliforms associated with the particle fractions were tested for their resistance
      to chlorine and monochloramine. Coliforms associated with the less than 7-microns
      fraction were inactivated more rapidly by 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter at 5
      degrees C and pH 7 than coliforms associated with the greater than 7-microns
      fraction. Homogenization of the greater than 7-microns fraction not only resulted
      in an increase in the number of less than 7-microns particles, but also increased
      the rate of inactivation to a rate similar to that of the less than 7-microns
      fraction. With 1 mg of monochloramine per liter at 5 degrees C and pH 7, particle
      size had no appreciable effect on the rate of inactivation. At pH 8, however, the
      less than 7-micron fraction was inactivated more rapidly than the greater than 7
      micron fraction. The time required for 99% inactivation of the particle fractions
      with monochloramine at pH 7 or 8 was 20- to 50-fold greater than the time
      required for the same amount of inactivation with chlorine at pH 7. The results
      indicate that coliforms associated with sewage effluent particles are inactivated
      more rapidly with 0.5 mg of chlorine per liter than with 1.0 mg of monochloramine
      per liter. However, greater than 7-micron particles can have a protective effect
      against the disinfecting action of chlorine.

PMID- 3355137
TI  - Synthetic enterotoxin B DNA probes for detection of enterotoxigenic
      Staphylococcus aureus strains.
AB  - DNA-DNA colony hybridization experiments with three different synthetic probes
      were carried out with 210 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The synthetic probes
      encoded the amino acids 15 to 29 (probe 1), 179 to 192 (probe 2), and 207 to 219
      (probe 3) of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The amino acid sequences of
      these parts of SEB are identical to those of SEC1. All 21 SEB-producing strains
      tested reacted with each of the three probes. Of the 69 SEC-producing strains, 21
      reacted with probe 1, none reacted with probe 2, and all 69 reacted with probe 3.
      With other strains no hybridization signals were obtained. The results presented
      here show that with a single synthetic DNA probe (probe 3) both SEB- and SEC
      producing strains are detectable.

PMID- 3355138
TI  - Use of a unique gene sequence as a probe to enumerate a strain of Bacteroides
      ruminicola introduced into the rumen.
AB  - Cloned fragments of genomic DNA from the ruminal anaerobe Bacteroides ruminicola
      subsp. brevis B14 were isolated and used as hybridization probes to identify
      closely related bacterial species. One DNA fragment unique to strain B14 was
      tested to determine its sensitivity in detecting homologous sequences among total
      ruminal microbial DNA. In a DNA titration experiment, the probe was capable of
      detecting strain B14 sequences in vitro down to 0.1% of the total bacterial DNA
      present in a hybridization assay. There was no detectable signal for total
      ruminal bacterial DNA. The specificity of this DNA fragment was exploited to
      enumerate strain B14 in a fresh mixed suspension of ruminal bacteria in vitro and
      after inoculation of the strain into the rumen. In vitro strain B14 had a half
      life of 9 h. However, following inoculation into the rumen there was a very rapid
      loss of the strain to below the detectable limit within 3 h. The half-life was
      less than 30 min. This loss was not due to ruminal dilution or to bacteriophage
      attack but was possibly the result of a specific bacteriocinlike activity present
      in the rumen and detectable in fresh ruminal fluid.

PMID- 3355139
TI  - Effect of the novel ionophore tetronasin (ICI 139603) on ruminal microorganisms.
AB  - The antimicrobial activity of the novel ionophore tetronasin (formerly ICI
      139603) was compared with that of monensin for the growth of ruminal bacteria,
      protozoa, and an anaerobic fungus. The potency of tetronasin toward most bacteria
      and the fungus was an order of magnitude or more greater than that of monensin.
      Lactobacillus casei was 55 times more sensitive to tetronasin than to monensin,
      indicating a potential role for tetronasin in reversing lactic acidosis. Bacteria
      with a gram-positive ultrastructure were generally sensitive to the ionophores
      and unable to adapt to grow in their presence. The exception was the cellulolytic
      Ruminococcus flavefaciens, which adapted during successive cultivation on media
      with increasing ionophore concentrations to grow at 100-fold higher
      concentrations of tetronasin than were initially lethal to the organism. Gram
      negative bacteria were more resistant and generally able to adapt to grow in the
      presence of both ionophores. An in vivo trial with cattle and in vitro growth
      experiments indicated that the effect of tetronasin on ciliate protozoa was
      minor. In vitro experiments measuring hydrogen production by Neocallimastix
      frontalis suggested that this fungus would be unable to survive in ruminants
      receiving tetronasin.

PMID- 3355140
TI  - Temporal and geographical distributions of epilithic sodium dodecyl sulfate
      degrading bacteria in a polluted South Wales river.
AB  - Epilithic bacteria were isolated nonselectively from riverbed stones and examined
      by gel zymography for their ability to produce alkylsulfatase (AS) enzymes and
      thus to metabolize alkyl sulfate surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. The
      percentages of AS+ isolates from stone epilithon at five sites from the source to
      the river mouth were measured on five sampling days spread over 1 year. The
      results showed that (i) the prevalence of epilithic AS+ strains (as a percentage
      of all isolates) was much higher at polluted sites than at the source; (ii) when
      averaged over the whole river, percentages of AS+ strains were significantly
      higher at the end of summer compared with either the preceding or the following
      winter; (iii) analysis of site-sampling time interactions indicated that water
      quality factors (e.g., biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen
      concentration) rather than climatic factors determined the distributions of
      epilithic AS+ isolates; (iv) constitutive strains were the most prevalent (7.2%
      of all isolates), with smaller numbers of isolates with inducible (4.5%) and
      repressible (1.7%) enzymes.

PMID- 3355141
TI  - Fermentative degradation of nonionic surfactants and polyethylene glycol by
      enrichment cultures and by pure cultures of homoacetogenic and propionate-forming
      bacteria.
AB  - Linear alkyl ethoxylates (polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers) were fermented
      completely to methane and CO2 in enrichment cultures inoculated with anoxic
      sewage sludge. Long-chain fatty acids were released as intermediates. No
      degradation was found with polypropylene glycol and polypropylene glycol
      containing surfactants. Two types of primary ethoxylate-degrading bacteria were
      isolated and characterized. Both degraded polyethylene glycols with molecular
      weights of 1,000 completely. Strain KoB35 fermented polyethylene glycol,
      ethoxyethanol, and lactate to acetate and propionate and was assigned to the
      described species Pelobacter propionicus. Strain KoB58 converted polyethylene
      glycol and many other substrates to acetate only and was assigned to the genus
      Acetobacterium. The pathways of anaerobic degradation of nonionic surfactants are
      discussed with respect to their limitations and the various groups of bacteria
      involved.

PMID- 3355142
TI  - A quantitative study of enterotoxin production by sheep milk staphylococci.
AB  - Of 124 staphylococcal strains isolated from sheep milk, 78 produced enterotoxin
      A, B, C, or D when evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      Enterotoxins A and D, elaborated by 44 and 43 strains, respectively, showed the
      highest incidence. Enterotoxin production by coagulase-negative strains (one
      Staphylococcus cohnii, three S. epidermidis, five S. haemolyticus, and four S.
      xylosus) was detected. Linear and logarithmic-logarithmic regressions of optical
      density on enterotoxin concentration yielded the best-fitting equations for
      enterotoxin quantitation. A significantly higher incidence of enterotoxin
      producers and significantly higher levels of enterotoxins produced were recorded
      for coagulase-positive, thermostable nuclease-positive, hemolysis-positive, or
      mannitol-positive strains. Mannitol utilization was the best test for
      discriminating between enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic staphylococci.

PMID- 3355143
TI  - Influence of pH on microbial hydrogen metabolism in diverse sedimentary
      ecosystems.
AB  - Hydrogen transformation kinetic parameters were measured in sediments from
      anaerobic systems covering a wide range of environmental pH values to assess the
      influence of pH on hydrogen metabolism. The concentrations of dissolved hydrogen
      were measured and hydrogen transformation kinetics of the sediments were
      monitored in the laboratory by monitoring hydrogen consumption progress curves.
      The hydrogen turnover rate constants (kt) decreased directly as a function of
      decreasing sediment pH, and the maximum hydrogen uptake velocities (Vmax) varied
      as a function of pH within each of the trophic states. Conversely, the half
      saturation concentrations (Km) were independent of pH. The steady-state hydrogen
      concentrations were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than the half-saturation
      constants for hydrogen uptake. Dissolved hydrogen concentrations were at least
      fivefold higher in sediments from eutrophic systems than from oligotrophic and
      dystrophic systems. The rates of hydrogen production determined from the
      assumption of steady state decreased with sediment pH. These data indicate that
      progressively lower pH values inhibit microbial hydrogen-producing and -consuming
      processes within sedimentary ecosystems.

PMID- 3355144
TI  - Novel biotransformations of 4-chlorobiphenyl by a Pseudomonas sp.
AB  - A bacterium, tentatively identified as a representative of the genus Pseudomonas
      (strain MB86), was isolated from soil contaminated by wood-preservation chemicals
      by using 4-chlorobenzoate as an enrichment substrate. The pseudomonad was able to
      grow on 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-chlorobiphenyl as sole carbon and energy
      sources. Spent culture medium from 4-chlorobiphenyl-grown cells contained 4
      chlorobenzoic acid, 4'-chloroacetophenone, 2-hydroxy,2-[4'-chlorophenyl] ethane,
      and 2-oxo,2-[4'-chlorophenyl] ethanol as metabolites. 4'-Chloroacetophenone was
      produced in large amounts, possibly as a dead-end metabolite.

PMID- 3355145
TI  - Differentiation of ruminal bacterial species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      using egg yolk antibodies from immunized chicken hens.
AB  - Cross-reactivity among four species of ruminal bacteria was examined by using egg
      yolk antibodies from immunized Leghorn laying hens and an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The effects of the four species on the hens were compared on
      various days postimmunization. Hens injected with the same bacterial species had
      similar apparent antibody levels over the entire postimmunization period, but
      only Bacteroides ruminicola B1(4) and Selenomonas ruminantium D antigens elicited
      early increases in apparent antibody levels during weeks 2 and 3. Antibody cross
      reactivity was greatly reduced by week 2, except for antibodies against
      Streptococcus bovis JB1.

PMID- 3355146
TI  - Methanogenic bacteria from human dental plaque.
AB  - Samples of human dental plaque were examined for the presence of methanogenic
      bacteria. Of 54 samples from 36 patients, 20 yielded H2/CO2-using methanogenic
      enrichment cultures. All methanogen-positive samples were from patients with some
      degree of periodontal disease. The predominant populations in the enrichments had
      morphologies characteristic of Methanobrevibacter spp. In six enrichments derived
      from three patients, the common methanogen was antigenically similar to
      Methanobrevibacter smithii. The same was true for the three methanogenic isolates
      obtained in axenic culture from a fourth patient. The six enrichments and two of
      the three isolates were antigenically closer to strain ALI than to PS. Two of the
      enrichments also had subpopulations with weak antigenic similarity to
      Methanosphaera stadtmanae. The data indicate that methanogens in the oral cavity
      of humans are antigenically close to those found in the intestinal tract.

PMID- 3355147
TI  - Trichloroethylene metabolism by microorganisms that degrade aromatic compounds.
AB  - Trichloroethylene (TCE) was metabolized by the natural microflora of three
      different environmental water samples when stimulated by the addition of either
      toluene or phenol. Two different strains of Pseudomonas putida that degrade
      toluene by a pathway containing a toluene dioxygenase also metabolized TCE. A
      mutant of one of these strains lacking an active toluene dioxygenase could not
      degrade TCE, but spontaneous revertants for toluene degradation also regained TCE
      degradative ability. The results implicate toluene dioxygenase in TCE metabolism.

PMID- 3355148
TI  - Isolation and identification of a morpholine-degrading bacterium.
AB  - A gram-positive, slowly growing rod effectively utilizing morpholine as the sole
      source of organic carbon, nitrogen, and energy was isolated from a mixed culture
      in a laboratory reactor. The strain was tentatively identified as Mycobacterium
      aurum. Its growth characteristics at 20 degrees C and pH 6.5 were as follows:
      maximum specific growth rate, 0.052 h-1; half-velocity constant, 1.3 mg/liter;
      and yield, 0.37 g/g. The optimum temperature and pH were 31 degrees C and 6.0,
      respectively.

PMID- 3355149
TI  - Purification and preliminary characterization of a monomeric glutathione S
      transferase from Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - Cell extracts of the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila contain high levels of
      glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18). The level of the enzyme varied with the
      growth cycle, increasing in early stationary phase. It was localized in the
      cytoplasm. Only one major molecular form of the enzyme was detected by ion
      exchange and gel filtration chromatography and isoelectric focusing (pI 7.0), and
      it was purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated
      to be 35,000 from gel filtration and 33,000 from sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel
      electrophoresis, indicating the enzyme is a monomer. The enzyme was specific for
      glutathione as the thiol substrate, and was most active with 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic substrate. It also exhibited glutathione
      peroxidase activity. The apparent Km values for glutathione and 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene were 3.2 and 1.5 mM, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed an S
      aryltransfer with pentachloronitrobenzene (Km = 7.2 microM) consistent with the
      view that this pesticide is metabolized in part via S-conjugation pathways in T.
      thermophila.

PMID- 3355150
TI  - Two phosphorylated forms of myosin in thrombin-stimulated platelets.
AB  - Three forms of 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC), unphosphorylated,
      monophosphorylated, and diphosphorylated MLC (designated 20K, 20K-P, and 20K-PP)
      were demonstrated in thrombin-stimulated human platelets by two different gel
      electrophoretic methods: in the presence of glycerol urea or in two dimensions
      (isoelectric and sodium dodecyl sulfate). The diphosphorylation of platelet 20
      kDa MLC increased, dose dependently, up to 0.4 U/ml thrombin and reached 25% of
      platelet 20-kDa MLC. After mono- or diphosphorylated 20-kDa MLC from thrombin
      stimulated platelets was digested with trypsin, the analysis using two
      dimensional peptide mapping demonstrated that two different sites were
      phosphorylated by MLC kinase and protein kinase C, as noted in the case of 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated platelets (M. Naka, et al. (1983)
      Nature (London) 306, 490-492). The more rapid monophosphorylation was catalyzed
      preferentially by MLC kinase while the slower and additional phosphorylation was
      catalyzed mainly by protein kinase C. These results suggest the importance of
      distinguishing multiple site phosphorylation of 20-kDa MLC in thrombin-activated
      human platelets.

PMID- 3355152
TI  - Effects of crosslinking on the thermal stability of hemoglobins. II. The
      stabilization of met-, cyanomet-, and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins A and S with
      bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate.
AB  - Hemoglobins A and S were crosslinked between Lys 82 beta 1 and Lys 82 beta 2
      using bis (3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate (J. A. Walder et al. (1979) Biochemistry
      18, 4265). Thermal denaturation experiments were used to compare the stabilities
      of the met, cyanomet, and carbonmonoxy forms of these crosslinked hemoglobins to
      the corresponding uncrosslinked proteins. Uncrosslinked carbonmonoxy- and
      cyanomethemoglobins had transition temperatures about 11 degrees C higher than
      the corresponding met samples. The increase in denaturation temperature (Tm) due
      to crosslinking was 15 degrees C for the methemoglobins, 10 degrees C for the
      cyanomethemoglobins, and 4 degrees C for the carbonmonoxy ones. There was no
      significant difference in stability between the met and carbonmonoxy crosslinked
      proteins. In order of increasing stability the samples were: met Hb S less than
      met Hb A less than CO Hb S less than CO Hb A = CN-met Hb A less than met XL-Hb S
      = CO XL-Hb S less than met XL-Hb A = CO XL-Hb A less than CN-met XL-Hb A. The
      slight decrease in the stability of Hb S (beta 6 Glu----Val) compared to Hb A can
      be explained by the replacement of an external ionic group by a hydrophobic
      residue in Hb S. In mixtures of crosslinked and normal Hb A, the Tm of the
      uncrosslinked material was slightly increased by the presence of the more stable
      crosslinked hemoglobin. The effects of both crosslinking and cyanide or carbon
      monoxide binding can be explained by Le Chatelier's principle since both would
      favor the native form of the protein.

PMID- 3355151
TI  - Phosphorylation of glucokinase from rat liver in vitro by protein kinase A with a
      concomitant decrease of its activity.
AB  - Glucokinase, purified from rat liver, was phosphorylated to an extent of 1 mol
      [32P]-phosphate/mol of enzyme when incubated with [32P]ATP and protein kinase A
      from pig or rabbit muscle. The phosphate was bound to serine residues. K0.5
      increased and Vmax decreased upon phosphorylation. The phosphate group was
      removed during incubation of the phosphorylated glucokinase with alkaline
      phosphatase. Enzymatically inactive glucokinase was not phosphorylated by the
      protein kinase.

PMID- 3355153
TI  - Active-site heterogeneity in Limulus hemocyanin as revealed by reaction with
      peroxides.
AB  - Previously reported differences in the reactivities toward active-site ligands
      such as hydrogen peroxide indicate that the active-site geometries of the
      arthropod and mollusc hemocyanins are significantly different. Results are
      presented which demonstrate that the purified subunits composing the native
      hemocyanin of an arthropod show comparable active-site heterogeneity. Neither
      whole nor stripped samples of Limulus oxyhemocyanin are completely oxidized by
      reaction with hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the addition of hydrogen peroxide to
      deoxy or completely oxidized samples causes partial regeneration to the oxy form.
      This behavior is most pronounced for one of the five major chromatographic
      fractions, Zone III, which retains greater than 60% of its copper-oxygen
      absorbance band when treated with hydrogen peroxide. Zone III is composed of
      three subunits (IIIA, IIIB, and IIIB'). With excess hydrogen peroxide, the deoxy
      and oxidized forms of Subunit IIIA can be completely regenerated to a fully
      functional oxy state, while Subunits IIIB and IIIB' are less than 30%
      regenerated. Upon long-term storage, Subunit IIIA slowly loses 340 nm absorbance,
      an aging process that can be reversed by hydrogen peroxide. These features of
      Subunit IIIA, that set it apart from other subunits of the 48-member ensemble of
      intact Limulus hemocyanin, are typically exhibited by mollusc hemocyanins rather
      than arthropod hemocyanins. These findings clearly illustrate that significantly
      different active-site geometries can occur within a single type of metalloprotein
      and suggest that comparisons between the various Limulus subunits and Subunit
      IIIA may prove valuable in unraveling the structural basis for the disparity in
      the chemical reactivity exhibited by hemocyanins of different species.

PMID- 3355154
TI  - Calcium binding proteins of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum: detection by 45Ca
      ligand overlay.
AB  - In skeletal muscle, the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JFM) plays a crucial
      role in excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+ release. In the present report,
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was fractionated into longitudinal SR (LSR),
      terminal cisternae (TC), and JFM. Each fraction had a unique protein profile as
      detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as specific Ca2+
      binding proteins as judged by 45Ca ligand overlay of nitrocellulose blots. Ca2+
      binding proteins of LSR were the Ca2+ ATPase (Mr of 115K), an 80K polypeptide,
      and the intrinsic glycoprotein (Mr of 160K); Ca2+ binding proteins of JFM were
      polypeptides with the following Mr values: 350K and 325K (feet components), 200K,
      170K, a doublet of 140K, 118K, 65K (calsequestrin), and 52K. Measurements of Ca2+
      binding to SR fractions by equilibrium dialysis indicated that 8-17 nmol Ca2+/mg
      of protein was specifically bound. After EDTA extraction of calsequestrin, JFM
      still bound Ca2+ (5-6 nmol/mg of protein), suggesting the existence of specific
      Ca2+ binding sites. The Ca2+ binding sites of Ca2+-gated Ca2+ release channels
      might be on two JFM polypeptides (Mr's of 350K and 170K) which are putative
      channel constituents (F. Zorzato, A. Margreth, and P. Volpe (1986) J. Biol. Chem.
      261, 13252-13257).

PMID- 3355155
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of two sesquiterpene cyclases from sage
      (Salvia officinalis) which catalyze the respective conversion of farnesyl
      pyrophosphate to humulene and caryophyllene.
AB  - Humulene cyclase and caryophyllene cyclase, two enzymes which catalyze the
      cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate to the respective sesquiterpene olefins,
      have been partially purified from the supernatant fraction of a sage (Salvia
      officinalis) leaf epidermis extract and separated from each other by a
      combination of hydrophobic interaction, gel filtration, and ion-exchange
      chromatography. The molecular weight of both cyclases was estimated by gel
      filtration to be 57,000 and both cyclases exhibited a pH optimum of 6.5 and
      preferred Mg2+ (Km approximately 1.5 mM) as the required divalent metal cation.
      Both enzymes possessed a Km of about 1.7 microM for farnesyl pyrophosphate, were
      strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and exhibited comparable
      sensitivities to a variety of other potential inhibitors. The properties of the
      two sesquiterpene olefin cyclases, which are the first from a higher plant source
      to be examined in detail, were very similar to each other and to other
      monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene cyclases previously described.

PMID- 3355156
TI  - Photosynthesis in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 plants: activity and
      role of mitochondria in bundle sheath cells.
AB  - Mitochondria from bundle sheath cells of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
      type C4 species Urochloa panicoides were shown to have metabolic properties
      consistent with a role in C4 photosynthesis predicted from earlier studies. The
      rate of O2 uptake in response to added malate plus ADP was at least five times
      the activity observed with NADH, glycine, or succinate. With malate plus ADP the
      O2 uptake rate averaged about 150 nmol O2 min-1 mg-1 protein, equivalent to about
      0.6 mumol min-1 mg-1 of extracted chlorophyll. About half of this activity was
      apparently phosphorylation-linked with ADP/O2 ratios of about 4. Studies with
      electron transport inhibitors suggested that about 65% of this malate oxidation
      is cytochrome oxidase-terminated with a minor component mediated via the
      alternative oxidase. These mitochondria supported rapid rates of pyruvate
      production from malate and this activity was also stimulated by ADP but blocked
      by inhibitors of electron transport. Adding oxaloacetate increased pyruvate
      production but inhibited O2 uptake. The results were consistent with the notion
      that in this subgroup of C4 species mitochondrial-located NAD malic enzyme
      contributes substantially to total C4 acid decarboxylation. This enzyme is
      apparently also the primary source of NADH necessary to generate the ATP required
      for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-mediated oxaloacetate decarboxylation.

PMID- 3355157
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a fatty acyl esterase from rat lung.
AB  - In an effort to facilitate studies of the reaction involved in the removal of
      fatty acids from acyl proteins, we have synthesized an octanoic acid ester of
      doubly blocked serine, specifically octanoyl N-carbobenzoxy-L-serine-benzyl ester
      (octanoyl boc-serine), and used it as a substrate to guide the purification of an
      esterase from rat lung. The esterase was purified 228-fold by column
      chromatography on DE-52 cellulose, hydroxylapatite, octyl-Sepharose, and
      concanavalin A-Sepharose and by HPLC gel filtration. The final enzyme preparation
      ran as a single 77,000-Da band when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and exhibited a single symmetrical peak
      (sedimentation coefficient, 4.5 S) when centrifuged through a sucrose density
      gradient (empirical Mr, 63,000). The esterase is an acidic protein, pI 4.1, and
      is very active against p-nitrophenyl esters comprised of C4-C14 fatty acids; the
      highest specific activity (26.5 mumol/min/mg) was obtained using p-nitrophenyl
      caprylate as substrate. The pH optimum of the lung esterase is near 8.0 and the
      activity on octanoyl boc-serine is maximum when 0.3% (w/v) Myrj-52 is included in
      the assay medium. The activity of the esterase is not dependent on calcium ions.
      The enzyme does not remove acyl groups from the G-protein of vesicular stomatitis
      virus or the proteolipid of bovine brain. The possible role of the esterase in
      the metabolism of acylated proteins is considered.

PMID- 3355159
TI  - Micellization of fatty acyl-CoA mixtures and its relevance to the fatty acyl
      selectivity of acyltransferases.
AB  - The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of palmitoyl-CoA/stearoyl-CoA and
      palmitoyl-CoA/oleoyl-CoA mixtures in 0.050 M KPi, pH 7.4, a buffer used in
      enzymatic studies, were determined by fluorescence. Mixed micelle solution
      theory, analogous to the thermodynamic treatment of vapor pressure, was applied
      to calculate monomer and micelle compositions. The behavior of the palmitoyl
      CoA/stearoyl-CoA mixture is ideal, while the palmitoyl-CoA/oleoyl-CoA mixture,
      although not exhibiting ideal behavior, can be fitted reasonably well by nonideal
      theory. In both mixtures, selective micellization takes place and, unlike the
      case of pure fatty acyl-CoAs, above the CMC of the mixtures the concentration of
      molecules free in solution is strongly dependent upon total concentration. The
      information derived from the present physical studies becomes important in
      enzymatic studies with membrane-bound acyltransferases, where selectivity toward
      various fatty acyl donors, presented as binary mixtures, is frequently observed.

PMID- 3355158
TI  - Light/dark regulation of maize leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by in vivo
      phosphorylation.
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) from light- and dark-adapted maize
      leaves was rapidly purified in the presence of L-malate and glycerol to apparent
      electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxylapatite
      chromatography, and fast-protein liquid chromatography on Mono Q. The resulting
      preparations were totally devoid of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase protein
      based on immunoblot analysis. Throughout the purification, both forms of PEPCase
      retained their different enzymatic properties. The specific activity of the light
      enzyme was consistently about twice that of the dark form when assayed at
      suboptimal (but physiological) pH (pH 7.0-7.3), and the former was also less
      sensitive to feedback inhibition by L-malate than that from darkened leaves under
      various conditions. Covalently bound phosphate and high-performance liquid
      chromatography-based phosphoamino acid analyses showed that both forms of
      purified PEPCase were phosphorylated exclusively on serine residues, but the
      degree of phosphorylation was about 50% greater in the light enzyme. Notably,
      incubation of purified PEPCase in vitro with exogenous alkaline phosphatase led
      to an increase in malate sensitivity and a decrease in specific activity of the
      light form enzyme to levels observed with the dark form, which was essentially
      not affected by phosphatase treatment. These results with the purified enzyme
      from light- and dark-adapted maize leaves indicate that the light-induced changes
      in activity and malate sensitivity of C4 PEPCase are related, at least in part,
      to the degree of covalent seryl phosphorylation of the protein in vivo.

PMID- 3355161
TI  - Glycolipid-lectin interactions: reactivity of lectins from Helix pomatia,
      Wisteria floribunda, and Dolichos biflorus with glycolipids containing N
      acetylgalactosamine.
AB  - The autoradiographic detection of 125I-labeled lectins binding to glycolipids on
      thin-layer chromatograms can be used to rapidly analyze total glycolipid extracts
      of cells or tissues for specific oligosaccharide structures. The Helix pomatia
      lectin which binds with high affinity to terminal alpha-linked GalNAc residues
      did not bind to globoside (terminal beta 1-3GalNAc) but did bind the ganglioside
      GM2 and its asialo derivative which have terminal beta 1-4GalNAc residues. The
      lectin from Dolichos biflorus bound specifically to the Forssman glycolipid with
      relatively low affinity. The lectin from Wisteria floribunda was bound to
      Forssman glycolipid, globoside, and the asialo derivative of the ganglioside GM2.
      The interactions of these lectins with the glycolipid-derived, 3H-labeled
      oligosaccharides was also analyzed by affinity chromatography. The results
      indicated that the reactivity of multivalent carbohydrate-binding proteins with
      polyvalent surfaces of glycolipids is strong enough to permit detection of low
      affinity interactions that may not be observed in binding assays that are based
      on carbohydrate-protein interactions in solution. The autoradiographic analysis
      of 125I-Helix pomatia lectin binding to thin-layer chromatograms of total lipid
      extracts from human erythrocyte membranes detected the quantitative differences
      in the A-active glycolipids from type A1 and A2 cells.

PMID- 3355160
TI  - NAD(P)H-dependent 6'-deoxychalcone synthase activity in Glycyrrhiza echinata
      cells induced by yeast extract.
AB  - The crude extract prepared from Glycyrrhiza echinata cells treated with yeast
      extract catalyzed the formation of liquiritigenin (5-deoxyflavanone) and
      isoliquiritigenin (6'-deoxychalcone) in addition to naringenin (5
      hydroxyflavanone) when incubated with 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA in the
      presence of high concentrations (0.1 mM or higher) of NADPH. Incubation without
      NADPH, or with low concentrations (0.01 mM or lower), gave only naringenin as a
      reaction product. With NADH (1 mM), the major product was naringenin accompanied
      by a small quantity of liquiritigenin. The initial product of the assay with 1 mM
      NADPH was isoliquiritigenin, indicating a reaction catalyzed by 6'-deoxychalcone
      synthase (DOCS). Subsequent formation of liquiritigenin was attributed to the
      presence of chalcone isomerase in the crude extract. The results constitute the
      first demonstration in vitro of DOCS activity which, in G. echinata cells and
      other leguminous plants, is involved in the biosynthesis of retrochalcone and 5
      deoxyisoflavonoid-derived phytoalexins.

PMID- 3355162
TI  - Sarcomere matrix of striated muscle: in vivo phosphorylation of titin and nebulin
      in mouse diaphragm muscle.
AB  - Titin and nebulin are two major protein components of a cytoskeletal matrix that
      coexists with thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere of a wide range of
      striated muscles. Purified titin and nebulin from mouse diaphragm muscle are
      similar in size, in relative abundance, and in amino acid composition to
      analogous proteins from other mammals or avians. Phosphate analysis of these
      nucleic-acid-free proteins indicated that both proteins contain substantial
      amounts of protein-bound phosphate: about 12 mol of phosphate per mole of titin
      subunit and 11 mol of phosphate per mole of nebulin subunit. Incubation of
      intact, excised mouse diaphragm with radioactive inorganic phosphate resulted in
      significant incorporation of radiophosphate into titin and nebulin. The
      identification of titin and nebulin phosphorylation was facilitated by a simple
      salt fractionation and nuclease digestion procedure that effectively separated
      titin and nebulin from radiolabeled nucleic acids. Such in vivo phosphorylation
      studies indicated that approximately 2 mol of phosphate per titin subunit and 5
      to 7 mol of phosphate per nebulin subunit were incorporated within 5 h of
      incubation. The incorporation nearly doubled when the beta-adrenergic agonist,
      isoproterenol, or a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, was present in the
      medium. For both proteins, phosphorylation occurred mainly on serine residues.
      Nebulin also appears to possess a smaller number of threonine sites. Taken
      together, our data indicate that a small proportion (20 to 40%) of the steady
      state titin phosphates are rapidly turning over. In contrast, most of the nebulin
      phosphates (50 to 100%) are readily exchanged. The modulation of turnover by
      external stimuli that increase cytosolic cAMP raises the possibility that at
      least a portion of the multiple phosphorylation sites of titin and nebulin may be
      involved in the functional regulation of the sarcomere matrix.

PMID- 3355163
TI  - Kinetic analysis of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from bass liver: effects of
      temperature and pH on its catalytic function.
AB  - Kinetic studies of the reaction between 6-phosphogluconate and NADP catalyzed by
      purified 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from bass liver were made at pH 7.5 in
      Tris-HCl buffer. Relationships among the initial rate coefficients for 6
      phosphogluconate, NADP, and Mg2+ suggest that the addition of Mg2+ and NADP to 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase does not follow an obligatory order, probably
      being random, in which 6-phosphogluconate combines second with the enzyme. The
      Michaelis constants for NADP, 6-phosphogluconate, and Mg2+ are 0.88 microM, 26.66
      microM, and 3.33 mM, respectively. pK values for the enzyme-6-phosphogluconate
      and enzyme-NADP complexes have been obtained. The variations in the true Km
      values for NADP with pH are only threefold at most, and seem to be not especially
      significant. A plausible explanation for the physiological significance of the
      influence of temperature on the Km values is given. Kinetic studies show that
      phosphoenolpyruvate is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the enzyme with respect to 6
      phosphogluconate and a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADP with Ki values
      of 0.54 mM against 6-phosphogluconate and 0.15 mM against NADP.

PMID- 3355164
TI  - Effects of anions, Ca2+, Mg2+, and aliphatic alcohols on the reaction of
      hemocyanin with cyanide.
AB  - The reaction between Carcinus maenas hemocyanin and cyanide has been used for
      probing protein conformation in the presence of perturbants such as various
      anions, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+), and aliphatic alcohols. The kinetic parameters of
      the reaction are strongly affected by these agents, suggesting that the induced
      conformational modifications change the reactivity of the active site toward
      exogenous ligands. Different patterns are observed according to the perturbant
      used. As indicated by the mathematical treatment of the kinetic curves the
      affinity of the active site for CN- and O2 is affected much more than the rate
      constant of copper removal.

PMID- 3355166
TI  - Leucine transport system in a facultatively alkalophilic Bacillus.
AB  - Some characterizations of the leucine transport system in a facultative
      alkalophile, which is able to grow over a wide pH range from 7.0 to 10.5, were
      attempted. Although the direction of a transmembrane pH gradient of the bacterium
      below pH 8.2 is opposite to that above pH 8.2 (N. Koyama and Y. Nosoh (1985)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812, 206-212), leucine transport is likely to be driven
      only by sodium electrochemical potential irrespective of the external pH. It was
      suggested that histidine and sulfhydryl groups in the leucine transporter are
      involved in the translocation mechanism and the pK value of the histidine residue
      involved is approximately 7.0.

PMID- 3355165
TI  - Proteolysis of the protein inhibitor of calcium-dependent proteases produces
      lower molecular weight fragments that retain inhibitory activity.
AB  - The specific inhibitor of calcium-dependent proteases was purified from soluble
      extracts of bovine heart. The protein had a molecular weight of 125,000 on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels and migrated on gel filtration chromatography
      with an apparent molecular weight of 250,000. The inhibitor specifically blocked
      the action of the two calcium-dependent proteases, CDP-I and CDP-II, but did not
      influence a variety of other proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, or
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. These latter enzymes extensively degraded the
      inhibitor to discrete lower molecular weight peptides as judged by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by gel filtration
      chromatography. Under the conditions studied, proteolysis of the inhibitor had
      little or no effect on its inhibitory activity; isolated peptides with molecular
      weights as low as 17,000 retained inhibitory function. A number of various-sized
      inhibitor fragments were isolated by gel filtration chromatography and by SDS
      PAGE. These fragments were compared with the intact inhibitor for their ability
      to inhibit CDPs. As suggested previously by us and others, one molecule of intact
      inhibitor appears to inhibit up to five molecules of calcium-dependent protease.
      The inhibitor fragments of decreasing size inhibited correspondingly fewer
      molecules of protease. These results suggest that the inhibitor protein contains
      multiple functional domains and may explain some of the discrepancies in reported
      molecular weights for this protein.

PMID- 3355167
TI  - Purification and characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
      phosphate-dependent dehydrogenase activities from rat liver mitochondria have
      been copurified to homogeneity using combined DEAE, Sepharose, and affinity
      chromatographic procedures. The enzyme has a native molecular weight of 240,000
      and subunit molecular weight of 60,000. The enzyme is tetrameric consisting of
      four identical subunits as revealed by electrophoresis and terminal analyses. A
      partial summary of physical properties is provided. The amino acid composition by
      acid hydrolysis is reported. Specific activities for various NAD(P)+ analogs and
      alkanal substrates were compared. The action of the effectors chloral hydrate,
      disulfiram, diethylstilbestrol, and Mg2+ and K+ ions were also investigated.

PMID- 3355168
TI  - Co-oxidation of salicylate and cholesterol during the oxidation of metmyoglobin
      by H2O2.
AB  - The reaction between metmyoglobin and H2O2 proceeds with oxidation of the hemo
      protein iron to a higher valence state and consumption of the peroxide. This
      reaction is further associated with (a) O2 evolution; (b) hydroxylation of the
      aromatic compound salicylate to yield a set of dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
      (analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection); (c) autoxidation of
      cholesterol with formation of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-alpha-cholest-6-ene-5
      hydroperoxide; and (d) formation of electronically excited states detected by low
      level chemiluminescence. The heterolytic scission of the O-O bond of
      hydroperoxides by metmyoglobin causes the formation of an oxidizing equivalent
      capable of promoting peroxidation of linoleate and arachidonate (as indicated by
      the parallel formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive material and an
      enhancement of chemiluminescence intensity). The identity of the oxidizing
      equivalent(s) is discussed in terms of the formation of a relatively stable
      higher state of oxidation of heme Fe (FeIV-OH or FeV = O) as well as on possible
      intermediate species derived during the decomposition of H2O2 by metmyoglobin,
      such as HO.and 1O2. These species might be involved either simultaneously or
      sequentially in the peroxidation of fatty acids as well as in the tissue damage
      associated with the formation of H2O2 in ischemic-reperfusion states.

PMID- 3355169
TI  - Skeletal muscle sarcolemma proteins as targets for adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate
      dependent and calcium-dependent protein kinases.
AB  - The present study documents the existence in rat skeletal muscle plasma membrane
      (sarcolemma) of a distinct set of proteins, most of which represent unknown
      protein species, which can be phosphorylated in vitro by addition of cAMP
      dependent or calcium-dependent protein kinases. Under the experimental conditions
      used, cAMP-regulated protein phosphorylation appeared to be the most important
      phosphorylation system in these membranes, followed by the calcium/phospholipid
      regulated, and, with only a few substrates detected, the calcium/calmodulin
      regulated systems. No specific substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase was
      found. In contrast, calcium/calmodulin-regulated protein phosphorylation was the
      most important in the sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction. Most of the cAMP-regulated
      and calcium/phospholipid-regulated sarcolemma phosphoproteins appeared to be
      intrinsic membrane proteins, at least three of which appeared to be
      phosphorylated by both these protein kinases. These phosphoproteins may represent
      membrane targets for multiple hormone or transmitter actions in skeletal muscle
      cells. Our results, therefore, suggest that protein phosphorylation systems,
      particularly those regulated by cAMP or calcium/phospholipid, may be more
      important in the regulation of sarcolemma function than hitherto believed.

PMID- 3355170
TI  - The nature of enzyme-substrate complexes in acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenases.
AB  - The nature of the purple complex formed upon the addition of octanoyl-CoA to the
      medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney has been addressed by
      chemical quenching studies. Previous work, using quenching in 0.1 M KOH,
      suggested that the dehydrogenation product, trans-2-octenoyl-CoA, was not a
      participant in reduced rat liver enzyme complexes because no octenoic acid was
      detected after denaturation (Y. Ikeda, D. G. Hine, K. Okamura-Ikeda and K. Tanaka
      (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 1326-1337). However, when the octanoyl-CoA-reduced pig
      kidney enzyme is quenched rapidly in 2 M HCl, the ratio of trans-2-octenoyl
      CoA/octanoyl-CoA released is 9/1. A milder acid denaturation procedure yields the
      corresponding ratio of 0.4/1, i.e., now with an excess of the saturated
      substrate. Similarly, quenching the pig kidney dehydrogenase in 0.1 M KOH reveals
      only minor levels of octenoyl chains released into the supernatant. When
      quenching is insufficiently rapid compared to the internal equilibration of
      oxidized enzyme.octanoyl-CoA and reduced enzyme.octenoyl-CoA forms, the outcome
      is decided by the greater kinetic lability of the oxidized enzyme species. These
      data are fully consistent with the original ascription that the purple species
      observed upon reduction of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases with substrate represents
      a charge transfer complex between reduced flavin as the donor and trans-2
      octenoyl-CoA as the acceptor.

PMID- 3355171
TI  - Involvement of protein kinase C in the transcriptional regulation of ornithine
      decarboxylase gene expression by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in T24
      human bladder carcinoma cells.
AB  - We have analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) induction by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      in T24 cells, an easily manipulable human epithelial cell line. The addition of
      as low as 10(-9)M TPA to T24 cells, cultured in a serum-free medium, resulted in
      ODC induction, with peak ODC activity occurring at about 6 h after TPA treatment.
      The induction of ODC activity correlates with the steady-state levels of ODC mRNA
      increased by TPA in T24 cells. TPA treatment did not elicit any change in the
      size (2.1 kb) of ODC mRNA as determined by Northern blot analysis by
      hybridization to nick-translated 32P-labeled cDNA prepared from either mouse or
      human ODC mRNA. Using the DNA-excess filter hybridization technique, we found
      that increased steady-state levels of ODC mRNA after TPA treatment may be the
      result of enhanced accumulation of newly synthesized ODC mRNA. The magnitude of
      the induction of ODC activity was proportional to the amount of ODC mRNA
      synthesis caused by TPA. In a pulse-chase experiment, we failed to detect any
      difference in the half-life of ODC mRNA in T24 cells after treatment with either
      TPA or the vehicle ethanol; the half-life of ODC mRNA was about 6 h in both
      cases. Furthermore, as determined by the "nuclear runoff transcription assay,"
      the rate of transcription of ODC-gene was increased by treatment of T24 cells
      with TPA. These results provide direct evidence of the role of transcription
      initiation in ODC-gene expression. The examination of the role of protein kinase
      C in ODC-gene transcription revealed that TPA or diacylglycerol did not induce
      the synthesis of ODC mRNA in PKC-deficient T24 cells. Taken together these
      results indicate that the TPA-increased synthesis of steady-state levels of ODC
      mRNA in T24 cells may be mediated by protein kinase C and is regulated at the
      transcriptional level.

PMID- 3355172
TI  - 6-Nitro-L-tryptophan: a novel spectroscopic probe of trp aporepressor and human
      serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of 6-nitro-L-tryptophan to trp aporepressor and human serum albumin
      has been examined by visible difference spectroscopy and circular dichroism. 6
      Nitro-L-tryptophan, prepared by nitration of L-tryptophan with nitric acid in
      glacial acetic acid, exhibits a visible and near-uv absorption spectrum with
      lambda max at about 330 nm (epsilon = 7 X 10(3) M-1 cm-1) and a shoulder near 380
      nm in H2O. In the presence of trp aporepressor, the visible absorption intensity
      is sharply diminished. Visible difference spectral titration data give KD = 1.27
      X 10(-4) M and n = 0.95 per subunit at 25 degrees C. While 6-nitro-L-tryptophan
      exhibits no significant circular dichroism between 300 and 500 nm, the complex
      with trp aporepressor exhibits strong circular dichroism signals, with a negative
      maximum at 386 nm (delta epsilon = -7.5 M-1 cm-1) and a positive maximum at 310
      nm (delta epsilon = +6 M-1 cm-1). Circular dichroism titration data give KD =
      1.69 X 10(-4) M and n = 0.90 per subunit at 25 degrees C. The KD values
      determined spectroscopically are in excellent agreement with that determined by
      equilibrium dialysis, KD = 1.5 X 10(-4) M at 25 degrees C. In the presence of
      human serum albumin, the spectrum of 6-nitro-L-tryptophan exhibits a blue shift
      and an increase in absorption intensity; similar changes are observed in solvents
      of low dielectric contrast such as 80% aqueous dioxane. Visible difference
      spectral titration data give KD = 8.0 X 10(-5) M and n = 0.95 for human serum
      albumin. The complex of 6-nitro-L-tryptophan with human serum albumin exhibits a
      strong positive circular dichroism maximum at 380 nm (delta epsilon = +9.8 M-1 cm
      1) with a shoulder at 310-320 nm. Circular dichroism titration data give KD = 6.4
      X 10(-5) M and n = 0.83, in good agreement with the visible difference spectral
      results. Taken together, our results demonstrate the utility of 6-nitro-L
      tryptophan as a spectroscopic probe for tryptophan-binding proteins.

PMID- 3355174
TI  - Sigmoid kinetics of human erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Several disagreements and inconsistencies have appeared regarding whether human
      erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase exhibits sigmoid or classical
      kinetics with respect to NADP+ binding. The latest report is that the purified
      enzyme exhibits classical kinetics while the intracellular enzyme exhibits
      sigmoid kinetics (H. N. Kirkman, and G. F. Gaetani (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261,
      4033-4038). The various investigations were carried out at fixed pH, ionic
      strength, and temperature. The steady-state kinetics of crude and purified
      erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are reported here at various
      temperatures, ionic strengths, and pH values and as a function of glucose 6
      phosphate concentration. Sigmoid kinetics were observed for both purified and
      crude enzyme samples at high pH, temperature, ionic strength, and concentration
      of glucose 6-phosphate with Hill coefficients varying between 1.40 and 1.90. In
      contrast, at low pH, temperature, and ionic strength, the crude enzyme samples
      exhibit sigmoid kinetics while the purified samples exhibit classical kinetics
      despite the high concentration of glucose 6-phosphate. High concentrations of
      glucose 6-phosphate and factors favoring the enzyme in the dimeric form are
      necessary conditions for the observation of sigmoid kinetics in human erythrocyte
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. These factors are high pH, ionic strength, and
      temperature. The observed sigmoid kinetics in this enzyme is explained as arising
      from tetramer-dimer transitions.

PMID- 3355173
TI  - Activation of human spleen glucocerebrosidases by monoacylglycol sulfates and
      diacylglycerol sulfates.
AB  - The study of the acidic lipid requirement of human spleen glucocerebrosidase was
      extended to include two new series of acidic lipids, namely, monoacylglycol
      sulfates and diacylglycerol sulfates. Lysosomal glucocerebrosidase was extracted
      with sodium cholate and 1-butanol to render its beta-glucosidase activity
      dependent upon exogenous lipids. Maximum reactivation of control
      glucocerebrosidase was obtained with nonanoylglycol sulfate (NGS) and
      diheptanoylglycerol sulfate (DHGS). However, the effects of these lipids were
      markedly dependent on the nature of buffer used in the assay medium;
      specifically, 0.2 M sodium citrate-phosphate (pH 5.5) was much more effective
      than 0.2 M sodium acetate (pH 5.5) in permitting these lipids to reactivate
      glucocerebrosidase. In contrast, the marked activation of glucocerebrosidase by
      phosphatidylserine and galactocerebroside 3-sulfate (sulfatide) that was
      achievable in the sodium acetate buffer was totally inhibited by citrate or
      phosphate ions. The effects of NGS and DHGS on the kinetic parameters of control
      glucocerebrosidase were to lower the Km for the substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl
      beta-D-glucoside from 5.5 mM to approximately 2 mM (in sodium citrate-phosphate
      buffer) and markedly increase the Vmax. Furthermore, with DHGS, significant
      activation was achieved at concentrations below the lipid's critical micellar
      concentration. None of the monoacylglycol- or diacylglycerol sulfates were
      capable of stimulating mutant glucocerebrosidases from either type 1 (Ashkenazi
      Jewish) or type 2 Gaucher's disease patients. Like control glucocerebrosidase,
      the type 1 glucocerebrosidase was unresponsive to phosphatidylserine and
      sulfatide when the beta-glucosidase assay was conducted in 0.2 M sodium citrate
      phosphate buffer. Based on the differential action of these lipid activators in
      the two buffers and their effects on the mutant enzymes, we propose that, with
      regard to the lipid requirement of glucocerebrosidase, there are two classes of
      acidic lipids--one comprised of phosphatidylserine and sulfatide and the other
      comprised of the likes of NGS, DHGS, or sodium taurodeoxycholate. It appears that
      control glucocerebrosidase and the mutant enzyme of the patient with type 1
      Gaucher's disease is reconstitutable with the first class of lipids whereas the
      glucocerebrosidase of the type 2 patient is not. The observations in this report
      are interpreted in terms of a model which postulates that normal
      glucocerebrosidase possesses at least two distinct lipid binding domains.

PMID- 3355175
TI  - Oxygen tension within the arterial wall: relationship to altered bioenergetic
      metabolism and lipid accumulation.
AB  - Oxygen tension (pO2) was measured in upper thoracic arteries and in muscular foci
      at the celiac bifurcation from atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau and
      atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons at 6, 12, and 24 weeks of age. At
      each site the pO2 was measured within adventitial (outer), medial (middle), and
      subendothelial (inner) zones with polarographic oxygen microelectrodes while the
      animals were under dissociative anesthesia. The atherosclerosis-resistant Show
      Racer pigeons exhibited no significant age or site differences in pO2 levels. The
      medial pO2 was approximately 25 mm Hg, while the adventitial and subendothelial
      zones had pO2 levels of approximately 30 mm Hg. The pO2 profiles through the
      various zones of the arterial wall of 6-week-old atherosclerosis-susceptible
      White Carneau pigeons were similar to those of the Show Racers. However,
      significantly lower oxygen tension was found in the subendothelial zone from 12-
      and 24-week White Carneau celiac bifurcations (27 and 21 mm Hg) than in
      corresponding zones in Show Racer sites. Also, the medial zone in 24-week White
      Carneau celiac foci exhibited a significantly lower pO2 (20 mm Hg) than the
      medial zone of younger White Carneau. When correlated with previously described
      biochemical and morphological changes in White Carneau pigeons, the findings
      presented herein indicate that focal decreases in oxygen availability within
      arterial tissue occur after the onset of spontaneous atherogenesis, and probably
      result from decreased diffusion of oxygen into the arterial wall.

PMID- 3355176
TI  - Comparison of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from bovine heart and rat liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is a lipid-requiring enzyme with an absolute
      requirement of phosphatidylcholine for enzymatic activity. Purification of the
      enzyme to homogeneity from bovine heart mitochondria was described more than a
      decade ago [H. G. Bock and S. Fleischer (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 5774-5781]. We
      have modified the purification procedure so that it is faster, the yield has been
      improved, and the specific activity is greater by approximately 50%. The updated
      procedure has also been applied to isolate the enzyme from rat liver
      mitochondria. Characteristics of the enzyme from bovine heart and rat liver
      mitochondria have been compared and found to be similar with respect to: (1)
      purification characteristics; (2) amino acid composition; (3) pH optimum for
      enzymatic activity; (4) kinetic characteristics; (5) molecular weight as
      determined by sedimentation equilibrium in guanidine hydrochloride; (6) peptide
      maps; (7) immunological cross-reactivity. These studies show that 3
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from bovine heart and rat liver mitochondria,
      though similar, are not identical.

PMID- 3355178
TI  - [Design consideration for clinical trials].

PMID- 3355177
TI  - Degradation mechanisms of phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds by
      laccase of Coriolus versicolor.
AB  - Phenolic beta-1 lignin substructure model compounds, 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy
      phenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)propa ne-1, 3-diol (I) and 1-(3,5
      dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,3-diol (II)
      were degraded by laccase of Coriolus versicolor. Substrate I was converted to 1
      (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-
      hydroxypropanone (III), 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone (IV),
      syringaldehyde (V), 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanal (VI), 2,6
      dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone (VII), and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (VIII).
      Furthermore, incorporations of 18O of 18O2 into ethanone (IV) and 18O of H218O
      into hydroquinone (VII) and benzoquinone (VIII) were confirmed. Substrate II gave
      1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1, 2-diol (IX), 1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4
      hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone (X), and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxybenzaldehyde
      (XI). Also 18O of H218O was incorporated into glycol (IX) and ethanone (X). Based
      on the structures of the degradation products and the isotopic experiments, it
      was established that three types of reactions occurred via phenoxy radicals of
      substrates caused by laccase: (i) C alpha-C beta cleavage (between C1 and C2
      carbons); (ii) alkyl-aryl cleavage (between C1 carbon and aryl group); and (iii)
      C alpha (C1) oxidation.

PMID- 3355179
TI  - [Regional neck dissection in carcinoma of the cervical esophagus].
AB  - The metastatic spread in the neck of carcinoma of the cervical esophagus was
      studied in 10 patients from 1970 to 1985. The recurrent chain was involved in 6
      patients: 2, unilateral and 4, bilateral. The metastatic nodes in each patients
      were counted 1, 2, 2, 2, 4 and 6, 17 in total. Their sizes ranged from 5 mm to 15
      mm. However, they were not palpable preoperatively. Therefore, this area always
      should be dissected. The internal jugular chain including supraclavicular nodes
      had seven metastatic nodes in 6 patients; only one node, 3 cm in diameter,
      palpated preoperatively; 3 nodes, 2.5 cm, 6 mm and 5 mm, detected
      microscopically; and 3 nodes, 4 cm, 3 cm, a tip of small finger, palpated by
      clinical emergence in course of follow-up. Seven nodes distributed 0 in upper
      jugular, 3 in mid jugular (one node in the level of carotid bulbus was the
      highest one), 1 in lower jugular and 3 in supraclavicular. From this data the
      author feel that upper jugular nodes need not be dissected in the elective neck
      dissection for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus. The author recommend elective
      procedure for negative neck since 2 out of 4 patients developed positive nodes
      later in undissected necks, and 2 out of 4 patients revealed microscopically
      positive nodes in electively dissected necks. It is interesting that the rate of
      metastasis in jugular chain is high (5/6) in patients who have positive nodes in
      recurrent chain. There were two unusual sites of metastasis; one Delphian node in
      patient whose primary lesion invaded to thyroid gland, and pretracheal as well as
      upper mediastinal nodes in patient who had 6 positive nodes in recurrent chain
      and one positive node in jugular chain.

PMID- 3355180
TI  - [Treatment of cancer of the esophago-gastric junction with special reference to
      dissection of the lymphatic system].
AB  - No means have yet been devised for detecting cancer of the esophago-gastric
      junction at an early stage, and no effective chemotherapy or irradiation regimen
      for this area is yet available. Recently, a very important lymphatic pathway and
      extension route for E. G-junction cancer has been discovered. A new operative
      procedure involving a thoraco-abdominal approach, wide dissection of the
      lymphatic system and safe reconstruction is discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3355181
TI  - [Chemotherapy of esophageal carcinoma].
AB  - Surgery and radiation therapy had been the main treatment methods for esophageal
      carcinoma. Since the clinical use of cisplatin, chemotherapy became the third arm
      of the treatment. Many chemotherapeutic agent have clinical effect in the form of
      single administration. Combination of some drugs has marked effect, and
      chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy has more effect including CR. At present,
      combination of cisplatin with vindesine or 5-FU seems most effective. But
      frequency of CR is very low in chemotherapy alone, adjuvant surgery should be
      necessary.

PMID- 3355182
TI  - [Round table discussion: Historical view of cancer chemotherapy].

PMID- 3355183
TI  - [Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer by local
      injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon--clinical study of 5-FU
      concentration in resected lymph nodes].
AB  - The concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in blood and lymph node of 55 patients
      with gastric cancer who were endoscopically injected 250 mg of 5-FU alone or
      adsorbed on activated carbon into the gastric wall or 300 mg of 5-FU dry syrup
      orally before operation, were measured chronologically. The concentration of 5-FU
      in blood were similar in all cases but higher in lymph node in the group given
      adsorbed preparation than other cases. In the cases given adsorbed preparation,
      the lymph node concentration was remained high 7 days after injection, and in 37%
      cases more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-FU remained. Therefore,
      for the purpose to elicit anticancer effect on micrometastasis in lymph nodes in
      the patients with gastric cancer, endoscopically preoperative injection of 5-FU
      adsorbed on activated carbon seemed to be useful.

PMID- 3355184
TI  - [Effect of combined use of radiation and twice intratumor administration of OK
      432 at one week intervals against a murine fibrosarcoma (NFSA)].
AB  - Effect of combination use of radiation and multiple administration of OK-432 was
      studied using a radio-resistant and weakly immunogenic murine fibrosarcoma (NFSa)
      originated spontaneously in a C3H female mouse. Mice implanted the tumor in the
      leg were locally irradiated with 40 Gy of gamma rays and locally administered
      total 8 KE of OK-432. The first group was given 1 KE daily for 8 days, 2 KE every
      other day in the 2nd group, 4 KE at 1 week interval in the 3rd group and 8 KE
      immediately after irradiation in the 4th group. The tumor volume at day 19 after
      irradiation was compared. The tumor growth inhibitory effect was observed in the
      3rd group (p less than 0.01) and 4th group (p less than 0.05) compared to the
      group given radiation alone. This effect was seen at even more smaller dose of OK
      432 as 0.5 KE by 2 times administration at 1 week interval. The effect of route
      of OK-432 administration was studied comparing the tumor volume at day 22. OK-432
      was given 2 times at 1 week interval. A significant difference was seen in the
      group given OK-432 locally compared to the control group given radiation alone (p
      less than 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups given
      OK-432 by the routes of i.p., s.c. i.v. and the control group. TCD50 value was
      examined giving OK-432 4 KE on the day and 2 KE on day 7 after irradiation. TCD50
      value in the group treated with irradiation alone was 83.5 (79.6-87.4) Gy and the
      group given combination therapy with OK-432 was 60.7 (55.9-65.4) Gy. Two times OK
      432 administration at 1 week interval appears to potentiate the radiation
      response by about 23 Gy.

PMID- 3355185
TI  - [Effect of a newly developed platinum compound cis-1, 1-cyclobutane dicarboxylato
      (2R)-2-methyl-1,4-butane diamine platinum (II), on human ovarian tumors
      transplanted into nude mice].
AB  - The therapeutic effect of cis-1, 1-cyclobutane dicarboxylato-(2R)-2-methyl-1,4
      butane diamine platinum (II) (NK 121) on 3 human yolk sac tumors of the ovary
      (YST-1, YST-2 and YST-3), which were transplanted into nude mice, was compared
      with that of cisplatin (CDDP). While tumors YST-2 and YST-3 exhibited a broad
      comparable sensitivity to CDDP and NK 121, YST-1 was substantially more sensitive
      to CDDP than NK 121. A significant weight loss was noted in the non-tumor bearing
      nude mice treated with CDDP, as compared with the loss in both control and NK 121
      treated groups. NK 121 showed a good antitumor activity without showing severe
      toxicities.

PMID- 3355186
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum levels of SCC antigen in patients with esophageal
      squamous cell carcinoma].
AB  - The levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC) in sera of 71
      patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 7 patients with benign
      esophageal diseases, 11 gastric cancer patients and 15 normal volunteers were
      studied in order to evaluate its clinical significance as a tumor marker. In the
      patients with esophageal carcinoma, immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and
      carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were also measured simultaneously. In the normal
      volunteers, patients with benign esophageal diseases and gastric cancer patients,
      the SCC levels were negative except for only one patient. However, in patients
      with carcinoma of the esophagus 37 out of 71 were positive, the positivity rate
      being 52.1%. Comparison among SCC, IAP and CEA showed that the positivity rates
      for SCC and IAP increased with progression of the disease. In contrast, CEA
      levels did not correspond to clinical stage except in several patients with non
      resectable and recurrent disease. With regard to the changes in serum levels of
      SCC, IAP and CEA before and after surgery and radio-chemotherapy. SCC was the
      most sensitive marker of the three, and responded well to the effects of therapy.
      SCC was thus considered to be a useful marker for monitoring esophageal cancer
      patients.

PMID- 3355187
TI  - [Estimation of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) and 5-FU concentrations in
      sera and resected specimens from patients with ovarian tumors].
AB  - Concentrations of HCFU and 5-FU in blood and tissues of resected specimens were
      evaluated in 28 patients with ovarian tumor (pathologically benign 10, malignant
      18) preoperatively considered to be malignant. 1) No significant difference of
      HCFU and 5-FU concentrations in sera, uterus and peritoneum was observed between
      the benign and cancer groups. 2) No significant difference of HCFU concentration
      in tissues of ovarian tumor was recognized between the benign and malignant
      groups, but as for 5-FU concentrations, 0.116 +/- 0.198 micrograms/g tissue in
      the cancer group was considerably higher than 0.021 +/- 0.144 micrograms/g tissue
      in the benign group (p = 0.085). Furthermore, the 5-FU level in ovarian cancer
      tissues was much higher than that in the tissues of the contralateral normal
      ovary, suggesting that degradation of 5-FU might be delayed in cancer tissue. 3)
      HCFU concentration in omental tissues from cancer patients was 0.043 +/- 0.061
      micrograms/g tissue, significantly higher than that from benign patients, 0.004
      +/- 0.008 micrograms/g tissue (p = 0.024). As for 5-FU concentration, no apparent
      difference was found, suggesting that 5-FU might be quickly eluted or metabolized
      in omental tissue.

PMID- 3355189
TI  - Dermatomyositis and lymphoma.

PMID- 3355188
TI  - [Serial spectral EEG analysis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      complicated by leukoencephalopathy induced by high-dose methotrexate].
AB  - An autopsy case of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy in non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma associated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is reported. The patient
      was a 5-year-old girl, who was admitted to Hamamatsu University School of
      Medicine because of an abdominal mass in April, 1984. She was diagnosed as having
      diffuse lymphoma, medium cell type, according to the LSG classification of a
      biopsied specimen of the liver mass and great omental lymph nodes. Chemotherapy
      containing HD-MTX was given until the first bone marrow relapse occurred in
      September, 1985. Subsequently, the physical and CT findings were normal except
      for decrement of deep tendon reflex, though slight gait disturbance was apparent.
      In serial spectral EEG analysis, the alpha/s ratio showed slowing activity upon
      administration of HD-MTX, and it became irreversible. In June, 1986, second bone
      marrow relapse occurred, and the patient died in July, 1986. At necropsy,
      multifocal necroses and extensive spongiosis in the white matter of the parietal
      and occipital lobes were revealed in the bilateral hemispheres of the cerebrum
      and cerebellum. Irregular confluent demyelination and necroses were also present
      in the brain stem, especially the pons. Therefore, serial EEG analysis might be a
      means of achieving early detection of leukoencephalopathy in HD-MTX-treated
      patients.

PMID- 3355190
TI  - Sebaceous adenoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3355192
TI  - Tinea versicolor.

PMID- 3355191
TI  - Severe allergic contact dermatitis from dinitrochlorobenzene in a patient with
      human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PMID- 3355193
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma of the skin responding completely to chemotherapy.

PMID- 3355194
TI  - Axillary apocrine chromhidrosis.

PMID- 3355195
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans arising in a BCG vaccination scar.

PMID- 3355196
TI  - Continuing increase in infectious syphilis--United States.

PMID- 3355197
TI  - Dermolytic (dystrophic) epidermolysis bullosa inversa.
AB  - We treated four patients with an inverse form of recessive dermolytic
      (dystrophic) epidermolysis bullosa. The distinguishing features of the disease
      are (1) early generalized skin involvement with blisters and erosions that heal
      with superficial, atrophic scars; (2) persistence into adulthood, although
      milder; (3) severity in flexural areas, especially the inguinal folds, perineum,
      axillae, submammary area, posterior and lateral aspects of the neck, and often
      the lower parts of the abdomen and back; (4) normal stature and general
      development; (5) severe oral and esophageal mucosal involvement; (6) normal
      teeth; (7) normal or minimally involved fingernails, but mild to moderately
      dystrophic or atrophic toenail changes; and (8) microscopic findings similar to
      those of the Hallopeau-Siemens form of epidermolysis bullosa.

PMID- 3355198
TI  - Anthralin-corticosteroid combination therapy in the treatment of chronic plaque
      psoriasis.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial of anthralin in Lassar's paste compared with
      anthralin in 0.0125% clobetasol propionate in the treatment of chronic plaque
      psoriasis was undertaken. The psoriatic skin of patients treated with the
      corticosteroid-anthralin combination cleared significantly more quickly than
      those treated with anthralin alone, with a mean time to clearance of 14.9 days
      compared with 18.5 days, and with lower concentrations of anthralin. No
      significant difference was found in the rate of relapse of the two treatment
      groups, with relapse occurring in over 80% of patients within one year. Anthralin
      in 0.0125% clobetasol propionate was found to be an effective agent in the
      treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis, and one that was cosmetically acceptable
      to patients and nursing staff. An important disadvantage, however, was the
      development of a staphylococcal folliculitis in four of the 35 patients in which
      it was used. Because of this, anthralin in Lassar's paste remains our standard
      inpatient therapy, although the ease of use and cosmetic acceptability of
      anthralin in clobetasol propionate make it a useful remedy for outpatient use.

PMID- 3355199
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with muscular dystrophy with recessive
      inheritance.
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa with unusually severe clinical features was associated with
      progressive muscular dystrophy in two siblings. Light and electron microscopic
      examination revealed an intraepidermal cleavage confirming that this
      mechanobullous disease belonged to the epidermolysis bullosa simplex group. This
      may represent a new disease entity inherited in an autosomal-recessive fashion.

PMID- 3355200
TI  - Generalized weight loss in a child. Generalized lipodystrophy.

PMID- 3355201
TI  - Clinical trials, statistics, and dilemmas.

PMID- 3355202
TI  - The doctor's role in the prevention of accidents.

PMID- 3355203
TI  - Ciliary abnormalities in respiratory disease.
AB  - One hundred and sixty seven children, ranging in age from 5 weeks to 16 years,
      with chronic upper or lower respiratory tract problems, or both, were
      investigated for ciliary dyskinesia. Abnormal ciliary function was found in 18
      cases all of whom had chronic lower respiratory disease and most of whom also had
      upper respiratory problems. Fifteen of the 18 cases had reduced ciliary beat
      frequencies (less than 10 Hz) associated with dyskinesia and the other three
      showed apparent absence of ciliated cells. Of the 15 cases with reduced ciliary
      beat frequencies, ciliary ultrastructure was normal in seven cases but abnormal
      with missing dynein arms and occasional abnormalities of microtubular arrangement
      in eight. Respiratory symptoms in the perinatal period were more common in
      children with abnormal ciliary function and present in all those with
      ultrastructural abnormalities or absence of ciliated cells compared with 34 (26%)
      of 132 children, in whom symptoms were recorded, with normal ciliary function.
      This study would suggest that all children with unexplained chronic respiratory
      disease, in particular those with symptoms starting in the perinatal period,
      should be investigated for ciliary dyskinesia.

PMID- 3355204
TI  - Depletion of trace elements and acute ocular toxicity induced by desferrioxamine
      in patients with thalassaemia.
AB  - High doses of intravenous desferrioxamine infused over a short period of time
      induce a large faecal and urinary iron excretion but also produce retinal
      abnormalities that are characterised by decreased amplitude on
      electroretinography and defective dark adaptation. This regimen also results in
      high faecal iron, zinc, and copper excretion, and reduced granulocyte zinc
      concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. The retinal abnormalities may
      be related to the zinc and copper deficiency and/or iron depletion 'per se' which
      interferes negatively with critical iron dependent enzymes.

PMID- 3355205
TI  - Arm fat and muscle areas in infancy.
AB  - Growth of arm muscle, fat and water areas were evaluated longitudinally in a
      prospective study in 81 infants from birth to the age of 12 months. The
      percentage of arm fat area v the cross sectional upper arm area increased at the
      age of 15 days with a peak peak at the age of 6 months while arm muscle area
      increased progressively throughout the year. As arm water area represented only
      1% of cross sectional upper arm area, calculations of arm fat and muscle areas
      can be carried out from measurements of mid arm circumference and tricipital
      skinfold at 15 seconds. Percentiles are presented for the upper arm fat and
      muscle areas, which can be used as index for the infants' nutritional state.

PMID- 3355206
TI  - Free running asthma screening test.
AB  - The free running asthma screening test (FRAST) was evaluated in 503 Sheffield
      schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years and compared with responses to an asthma
      questionnaire. The FRAST measured peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and at
      1, 5, and 10 minutes after maximum voluntary running for at least 5 minutes in a
      standardised environment. A fall in PEFR of greater than 15% in at least two
      postexercise readings was defined as abnormal. Six (1%) children did not do the
      test and 69 (14%) failed to complete it. Of these, 14 were known asthmatics, 18
      were not testable, and 37 were normal when retested. There were 14 abnormal FRAST
      results among 412 'normal' children who completed the test and 10 of these were
      subsequently diagnosed asthmatic. None of 14 children with an abnormal FRAST
      result had been identified as wheezy, chesty, or asthmatic in the questionnaire.
      In this sample there was, on average, one child in every school class with
      unrecognised exercise induced bronchospasm. The FRAST is an acceptable, feasible,
      and cost effective way of identifying such potential asthmatics at school.

PMID- 3355208
TI  - Inhaled bronchodilator treatment via the nebuhaler in young asthmatic patients.
AB  - Changes in functional residual capacity and peak flow rate were measured to
      assess bronchodilator response to terbutaline inhaled via a nebuhaler. In 10
      children with asthma, aged 5-7 years, five breaths sufficient to operate the
      nebuhaler valve resulted in clinically important improvement in both the
      functional residual capacity and the peak flow rate. In 18 of 22 children, aged 2
      5 years, who were too young to have their peak flow rate measured reliably,
      terbutaline administered via this modified nebuhaler technique was also
      associated with a clinically important change in functional residual capacity.
      The results suggest that effective bronchodilation using a nebuhaler can be
      achieved even in very young children.

PMID- 3355207
TI  - Monitoring for central apnoea in infancy--limitations of single channel
      recordings.
AB  - Apparent central apnoea (absent breathing movements) detected by monitoring
      movement of the thoracic wall was compared with simultaneous detection by
      abdominal wall movement. Eighteen infants provided one or more 24 hour recording
      of heart rate (electrocardiography), thoracic respiration (transthoracic
      impedance), and abdominal wall movement (pressure sensitive capsule distortion).
      Detection of true apnoea, recognition of artefact, and measurement of the
      duration of true apnoea were all improved when two channels of respiratory
      monitoring were used in combination. We recommend that any study purporting to
      observe breathing patterns by indirect recording of respiratory movement will be
      more reliable if more than one channel of respiratory movements is recorded
      simultaneously. Further, in infants no estimation of duration of central apnoea
      can be made on the basis of either a transthoracic impedance record alone or an
      abdominal wall movement sensor alone. Comparison of findings among studies using
      different single channel recordings are unlikely to be meaningful.

PMID- 3355209
TI  - Natural cytotoxicity impairment in familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
AB  - Ten children with the characteristic clinical and haematological features of
      haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis are reported. Four patients treated with a
      combination of drugs comprising etoposide, methotrexate, and steroids were in
      complete remission after 10 to 30 months. Natural cytotoxic mechanisms including
      natural killer cell activity, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity,
      lymphokine activated killer cell activity, and natural killer cell like activity
      were persistently absent or severely impaired in these four patients despite
      their clinical remission. Their parents and one healthy sibling also had impaired
      natural cytotoxic mechanisms. Constitutional impairment of natural cytotoxic
      mechanisms could be important in the pathogenesis of haemophagocytic
      lymphohistiocytosis.

PMID- 3355211
TI  - Cost of neonatal care.
AB  - A six month evaluation of the costs of a regional neonatal medical and surgical
      unit was carried out. The total cost for six months was pounds 970,000 and this
      covered 4349 inpatient days and 282 admissions. For medical cases the cost ranged
      from pounds 132 to pounds 27,600 and the mean daily cost for different weight
      groups ranged from pounds 159 to pounds 274. The average daily cost for regional
      patients at pounds 258 was greater than for district patients who cost pounds
      199. Altogether 23 medical patients weighing less than 1000 g at birth were
      admitted. The total cost for nine of these infants who died was pounds 30,991
      about 3% of the unit's total budget.

PMID- 3355210
TI  - Family studies in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
AB  - Six families with at least one infant each with confirmed ornithine
      transcarbamylase deficiency were investigated by DNA analysis. All the affected
      sons had died, and no DNA had been stored. Using the restriction endonucleases
      MspI and Bam HI three restriction fragment length polymorphisms were detected
      which led to eight distinct haplotypes. Using these results and those of protein
      loading tests that diagnosed heterozygote (carrier) status in some family
      members, some carriers were detected, and prenatal diagnosis was offered to two
      families. In two further families no polymorphisms were found and no prenatal
      diagnosis was possible. In the remaining two families prenatal diagnosis was
      impossible because of the lack of DNA from an affected or unaffected son, or in
      one case from the father, of an obligate carrier. These studies emphasise the
      importance of preserving tissue for DNA extraction from infants dying of inborn
      errors of metabolism, and also show the way in which information from
      conventional biochemical studies can complement diagnostic tests using DNA.

PMID- 3355212
TI  - Immediate effects of albumin infusion in ill premature neonates.
AB  - Ten normotensive premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome,
      and albumin concentrations of less than 30 g/l were given 5 ml/kg of 20% salt
      poor albumin by infusion. Concentrations measured six hours after infusion had
      increased significantly and these were associated with significant reduction in
      weight and improvement in urine output.

PMID- 3355213
TI  - Management of uncomplicated meconium ileus with T tube ileostomy.
AB  - Five neonates with uncomplicated meconium ileus were successfully managed by
      laparotomy and T tube ileostomy. This method seems to offer advantages over other
      surgical techniques used in the management of uncomplicated meconium ileus that
      fails to respond to decompression by Gastrografin enema.

PMID- 3355214
TI  - Diarrhoea due to breast milk: case of fucose intolerance?
AB  - An unusual form of diarrhoea is reported that was relieved when breast feeding
      was stopped. Chromatography to estimate sugars in the faeces should be performed
      for all infants with unexplained diarrhoea before changes are made in the diet.

PMID- 3355215
TI  - Hypercalciuria as a cause of persistent or recurrent haematuria.
AB  - Of 91 children with idiopathic persistent or recurrent haematuria, eight also had
      hypercalciuria. This was transient in three and persistent in five. Persistent
      hypercalciuria was a rare cause of microscopic haematuria (two of 80), but common
      in association with gross haematuria (three of 11).

PMID- 3355216
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema: selective bronchial occlusion with a Swan-Ganz
      catheter.
AB  - A 26 week preterm infant ventilated for hyaline membrane disease developed severe
      pulmonary interstitial emphysema with extensive right sided bullous formation,
      mediastinal shift, and subsequent left sided atelectasis. A paediatric Swan-Ganz
      catheter was used for selective bronchial occlusion with dramatic improvement in
      the infant's clinical condition and radiographic findings.

PMID- 3355217
TI  - The work of the Child Accident Prevention Trust.
AB  - In 1983 an article was published in this Journal describing the work of the Child
      Accident Prevention Trust. Since that time many developments have taken place in
      the field of child accident prevention. There has been an increased recognition
      of the role of accidents and injuries in child health and the importance of
      accident prevention at an international, national, and local level. This has, in
      part, been a result of work undertaken by the Child Accident Prevention Trust.
      Much remains to be done, however, and doctors and other health workers involved
      with children must recognise the part that they can play in reducing this
      epidemic. Mortality and morbidity from accidents is the largest single problem in
      the health of children after the first year of life. The aim of this article is
      to stimulate interest in the problem of accidents in childhood especially among
      community paediatricians and clinical medical officers. Hospital doctors and
      general practitioners also have a particular part to play in drawing the
      attention of appropriate authorities to factors which have led to accidents that
      may have been preventable (see Annotation in this issue).

PMID- 3355218
TI  - Hospital teachers: medical interpreters or raffia mafia?

PMID- 3355219
TI  - Selective medical examinations on starting school.

PMID- 3355220
TI  - Trends in birth prevalence of cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3355221
TI  - Carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci.

PMID- 3355222
TI  - Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3355223
TI  - The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit.

PMID- 3355224
TI  - Relationship between macrophage infiltration and epidermopoiesis in delayed-type
      hypersensitivity.
AB  - The relationship between epidermopoiesis and macrophage infiltration was studied
      in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin lesions in guinea pigs that had been
      sensitized with heat-killed tubercle bacilli or bovine serum albumin (BSA).
      Macrophages were identified with acid-phosphatase and nonspecific esterase
      stains, and the epidermal proliferative response was studied at DTH challenge
      sites by autoradiography. The number of macrophages in the sensitized animals was
      higher than that in the nonsensitized animals 48-72 h following challenge
      injections, when labelling indices were also elevated in the former group.
      Soluble factor(s) from cultured macrophages transiently enhanced the DNA
      synthesis of epidermal cells in cultures and in the sites injected with the
      factor(s). These results suggest that macrophages retained in the DTH lesion may
      play a role in an acceleration of epidermal proliferation, thus leading to
      acanthosis and lichenification.

PMID- 3355225
TI  - Percutaneous penetration of squaric acid and its esters in hairless mouse and
      human skin in vitro.
AB  - Squaric acid diethylester and squaric acid dibutylester have been used in contact
      sensitization therapy of alopecia areata. This study investigated the application
      of these esters or squaric acid alone to hairless mouse and human skin in vitro
      to determine squaric acid flux from the various preparations. Measurable amounts
      of squaric acid were delivered through skin by squaric acid itself, but flux was
      lower than for that delivered by the two esters. These results support the
      proposal by Noster that the esters combine with a protein to form an antigen
      while squaric acid can not and that this explains why the esters are active in
      contact sensitization and the acid is not. We suggest that the results of
      previous studies showing that the diethyl ester of squaric acid was a less
      effective sensitizer than the dibutyl ester may have been due to decomposition of
      the ethyl ester to squaric acid.

PMID- 3355226
TI  - Cytological demonstration of abnormal DNA ploidy in the epidermis of
      porokeratosis.

PMID- 3355227
TI  - Effect of exogenous lipids on in vitro transepidermal water loss and percutaneous
      absorption.

PMID- 3355228
TI  - Correlation between serum and adipose tissue levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo
      p-dioxin in 50 persons from Missouri.

PMID- 3355229
TI  - Reproductive studies of C57B/6 male mice treated with TCDD-contaminated soils
      from a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid manufacturing site.

PMID- 3355231
TI  - Soil adsorption alters kinetics and bioavailability of benzene in orally exposed
      male rats.

PMID- 3355232
TI  - Fumigant contamination during large-scale food sampling for analysis.

PMID- 3355230
TI  - Subclinical effects of groundwater contaminants. I: Alteration of humoral and
      cellular immunity by benzene in CD-1 mice.

PMID- 3355233
TI  - Detection of organophosphorus pesticide detoxifying bacterial colonies, using UV
      photography of parathion-impregnated filters.

PMID- 3355234
TI  - Personnel exposure to diazinon in a supervised pest eradication program.

PMID- 3355235
TI  - Mitochondrial effects of low-level cadmium in rats: interaction with zinc.

PMID- 3355237
TI  - An approach to environmental risk assessment using avian toxicity tests.

PMID- 3355236
TI  - Lead and cadmium concentrations in red crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, G.) in the
      Guadalquivir River marshes (Spain).

PMID- 3355238
TI  - Comparative toxicity based on similar asymptotic endpoints.

PMID- 3355239
TI  - Role of dehydration in heat stress-induced variations in mental performance.
AB  - Variation in mental performance under different levels of heat stress-induced
      dehydration was recorded in 11 subjects heat acclimatized to the tropicals.
      Dehydration was induced by a combination of water restriction and exercise in
      heat. The psychological functions--arithmetic ability, short-term memory, and
      visuomotor tracking--were assessed in a thermoneutral room after the subjects
      recovered fully from the effects of exercise in heat, as reflected by their oral
      temperature and heart rate. The results indicated significant deterioration in
      mental functions at 2% or more body dehydration levels.

PMID- 3355240
TI  - Endemic fluorosis presenting as cervical cord compression.
AB  - Neurological involvement in fluorosis occurs in the advanced stage of the disease
      and is due to compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. There are only a
      few reports on the role of surgical management of these cases in the medical
      literature. Five cases of fluorosis from the endemic areas of Uttar Pradesh,
      India, had associated cervical cord compression. Their mean age was 43 yr (range
      35-50), and all cases were manual laborers. Three patients with blocked cervical
      subarachnoid space on myelography underwent laminectomy using local anesthesia.
      All three cases improved significantly after surgery. The usefulness of
      laminectomy in selected cases of cervical cord compression due to fluorosis is
      suggested.

PMID- 3355241
TI  - Respiratory symptoms and air pollution changes in children: the Gardanne Coal
      Basin Study.
AB  - The influence of daily changes in sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels on the induction of
      respiratory symptoms was studied during the 1983-1984 winter in 450 children,
      aged 9 to 11 yr, living in the Gardanne coal-basin, France. In this area, SO2
      originates mainly from a coal-fueled power plant. The mean SO2 level during the
      winter was 22 micrograms/m3 in low-pollution areas and 93 micrograms/m3 in
      polluted areas, with daily SO2 levels up to 356 micrograms/m3. Children completed
      a daily diary about respiratory symptoms. In the polluted communities only we
      demonstrated a significant association between daily SO2 levels (after
      controlling for temperature and respirable particle variations) and prevalence of
      upper and lower respiratory symptoms. However, in each polluted town, and for
      each respiratory symptom, there was no evidence for either a latency period or a
      delay in the effects of pollutants. Mean daily temperature was also closely
      correlated with upper and lower respiratory symptoms in most of the polluted and
      some low-pollution communities. In a second step, the prevalence of respiratory
      symptoms in each town was compared, during two 2-wk periods, with air pollution
      levels; higher prevalences were found during the pollution period. In conclusion,
      moderate daily changes in SO2 levels induce a significant but transient increase
      in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children.

PMID- 3355242
TI  - Chronic neurological sequelae of acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning.
AB  - To evaluate the latent neurological effects of organophosphate pesticide
      poisoning, this epidemiologic study examined 100 matched-pairs of individuals
      with previous acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning and nonpoisoned controls.
      No significant difference between poisoned subjects and controls was found on
      audiometric tests, ophthalmic tests, electroencephalograms, or the clinical serum
      and blood chemistry evaluations. Of the more than 50 scores from the neurological
      examination, abnormalities were demonstrated among the cases only on measures of
      memory, abstraction, and mood, and on one test of motor reflexes. Differences
      between the two cohorts were much more apparent in the neuropsychological tests.
      The differences occurred on tests of widely varying abilities including
      intellectual functioning, academic skills, abstraction and flexibility of
      thinking, and simple motor skills. Twice as many cases as controls (24 vs. 12)
      had Halstead-Reitan Battery summary scores in the range characteristic of
      individuals with cerebral damage or dysfunction. Results from the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Patient's and Relative's Assessment of
      Patient Functioning Inventories also revealed greater distress and complaints of
      disability for the poisoned subjects.

PMID- 3355244
TI  - Weights and measures. SI units--Archives goes international in style.

PMID- 3355243
TI  - Inhaled albuterol does not protect against ozone toxicity in nonasthmatic
      athletes.
AB  - We evaluated the acute prophylactic efficacy of albuterol aerosol in protecting
      nonasthmatic athletes from the untoward effects of 0.21 ppm ozone (O3) on
      symptoms, pulmonary function, exercise performance, and post-exposure histamine
      bronchoprovocation. Fifteen trained competitive cyclists participated in a
      randomized crossover study consisting of double-blinded inhalations of albuterol
      (180 micrograms) and placebo approximately 30 min prior to heavy continuous
      exercise (minute ventilation, [VE] greater than or equal to 80 L/min) for 60 min,
      followed by a maximal sprint (peak VE greater than 140 L/min) until exhaustion.
      Each subject was exposed randomly to either 0.21 ppm O3 or filtered air (FA)
      during the four single-blinded exposure sessions. Albuterol pretreatment resulted
      in modest but significant bronchodilation as compared to placebo. However,
      albuterol did not prevent O3-induced respiratory symptoms, decrements in forced
      vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1.0), and maximum
      midexpiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%), and positive histamine challenges as
      compared to that with placebo/O3. There were no statistically significant
      differences in the metabolic data or ride times across all drugs and exposures,
      although the peak VE was significantly lower with O3 than FA (142.3 vs. 150.7
      L/min, respectively) regardless of drug. The results indicate that acute
      pretreatment with inhaled albuterol is unable to prevent or ameliorate O3-induced
      symptoms and alterations in pulmonary function and exercise performance. The
      contribution of beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the acute airway responses to O3
      appears to be minimal.

PMID- 3355245
TI  - Factors predisposing to Legionella pneumophila colonization in residential water
      systems.
AB  - Fifty-five homes in the Pittsburgh area were surveyed for the presence of
      Legionella pneumophila colonization. Hot water tanks, faucets, and showerheads
      were sampled. Six homes yielded Legionella pneumophila within the water
      distribution system. Lower water temperatures (less than 48.8 degrees C) within
      the hot water system were significantly associated with the presence of L.
      pneumophila colonization. A similar association was found for electric heaters;
      however, this association may be an indirect one. Water temperatures in
      electrically heated tanks were significantly lower than in gas-heated tanks. City
      residences were also more likely to be colonized than suburban residences.
      Because acquisition of Legionnaires' disease in the community has been linked to
      colonization of the water supplies in the homes of affected patients, these
      findings may have clinical implications for susceptible individuals residing in
      homes with water supplies colonized by L. pneumophila.

PMID- 3355246
TI  - Multiple myeloma and occupation in Sweden.
AB  - The occurrence of multiple myeloma by occupational and industrial category was
      systematically assessed using the Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry, which
      links cancer incidence (1961-1979) with occupational data from the 1960 census.
      Incidence of multiple myeloma was significantly increased for a number of
      occupational groups such as farmers, smelter and metallurgy workers, and miners
      quarrymen-rock blasters. Although caution must be applied in drawing causal
      inferences, this national linked-registry analysis may provide clues to the
      environmental determinants of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3355247
TI  - Large quantities of low molecular weight IgM in mixed cryoglobulinaemia.
AB  - Low molecular weight (LMW) IgM is the monomeric subunit of pentameric IgM. It was
      not found in the sera of 20 healthy subjects but was detected in all six patients
      with mixed cryoglobulinaemia with a mean value of 1.4 g/l, representing 34% of
      the total IgM. In three of four patients studied LMW IgM was monoclonal and of
      the same light chain type (kappa) as the pentameric monoclonal IgM rheumatoid
      factor (RF) observed in the cryoprecipitate. LMW IgM was proportionately under
      represented, however, in the cryoprecipitate compared with the corresponding
      serum, possibly because of the lower valency of the LMW molecule. Immunoblot
      analysis of sera showed the presence of other oligomers of IgM in addition to
      monomeric IgM, suggesting that a disorder of IgM assembly was responsible for its
      occurrence, and this was supported by the secretion of large proportions of LMW
      IgM in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from one patient with
      this disorder but not from healthy controls. In conclusion, the occurrence of
      large quantities of monoclonal LMW IgM in mixed cryoglobulinaemia was observed,
      and it is suggested that this is unlikely to have a direct pathogenic
      significance. It is postulated that its presence reflects a disturbance of
      assembly of the monomeric IgM subunits that occurs during the polymerization of
      the pentameric molecule.

PMID- 3355248
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies, livedo reticularis, and major cerebrovascular and
      renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Increased levels of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were found in 23 of 98
      patients (23%) with systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased levels of IgM ACA
      were found less frequently (5%). All four patients with major cerebrovascular
      events had increased IgG ACA, including the two with highest levels, both of whom
      were men. Six of nine patients with livedo reticularis had increased IgG ACA. In
      turn, this clinical feature was associated with cerebrovascular disease in two
      and renal disease in another six. IgG ACA were not associated with other
      thromboembolic events, thrombocytopenia, serum IgG, or autoantibodies to Ro(SSA),
      La(SSB), U1RNP, Sm, or double or single stranded DNA.

PMID- 3355249
TI  - Serum amino terminal type III procollagen peptide and serum hyaluronan in
      rheumatoid arthritis: relation to clinical and serological parameters of
      inflammation during 8 and 24 months' treatment with levamisole, penicillamine, or
      azathioprine.
AB  - Increased serum levels of the amino terminal type III procollagen peptide and
      serum hyaluronan were demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In
      patients with active disease a significant correlation was shown between serum
      levels of the propeptide and hyaluronan and the clinical signs of synovitis
      reflecting the extent of synovial inflammation. During recovery the serum
      propeptide and serum hyaluronan showed a delayed decline as compared with the
      clinical signs of synovitis and the acute phase protein response. This probably
      reflects the presence of persistent subclinical chronic inflammation. Normal
      serum propeptide levels in rheumatoid arthritis were associated with a good
      prognosis without progression of erosive joint lesions. Azathioprine reduced the
      number of patients with progression of erosive joint lesions and caused a more
      marked suppression of the serum propeptide than levamisole and penicillamine.

PMID- 3355250
TI  - The arthritis sufferer and the community: a comparison of arthritis sufferers in
      rural and urban areas.
AB  - One hundred and two rural patients and 100 urban patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and osteoarthrosis and 203 age and sex matched controls were visited in
      their homes to evaluate their problems, needs, and expectations. Although one
      would expect disability to affect the mobility of a person, it was found that
      rural patients were more mobile than their urban counterparts despite the same
      degree of functional disability. They were more content with their lot, even
      though their circumstances were less favourable. Both groups of patients had
      little contact with their general practitioners, social workers, or district
      nurses, and lacked information about their disease and the availability of
      financial grants or home adaptations. The main problem for the individual patient
      was not pain, but the frustration of being unable to do things they used to do
      and of dependency on others.

PMID- 3355251
TI  - Pattern of Lyme arthritis in Europe: report of 14 cases.
AB  - Fourteen cases of Lyme arthritis are reported. The most frequent picture was that
      of oligoarthritis appearing in that part of the leg where the cutaneous or
      neurological complications, or both, of Lyme disease had developed before the
      arthritis. In most cases recovery followed a single 10 day course of intravenous
      (IV) penicillin therapy. Arthritis was the presenting feature of Lyme disease in
      three cases.

PMID- 3355252
TI  - Sarcoidosis in a patient presenting with clinical and histological features of
      primary Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - A patient presenting with bilateral enlargement of parotid and lacrimal glands,
      xerostomia, and keratoconjunctiva sicca, whose labial biopsy specimen showed
      changes consistent with Sjogren's syndrome, is described. The patient was
      initially misdiagnosed as having primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Subsequent
      investigations, however, performed to exclude an associated lymphoma or
      sarcoidosis, showed histological changes of the latter. The possibility that
      early infiltrates of the salivary glands in sarcoid may mimic those of SS is
      discussed.

PMID- 3355253
TI  - Atlantoaxial subluxation and spinal cord compression in psoriatic arthropathy.

PMID- 3355254
TI  - Serum cytidine deaminase as a laboratory test for acute inflammation in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3355255
TI  - A possible immunochemical explanation for pregnancy associated remissions in
      rheumatoid arthritis?

PMID- 3355256
TI  - Alterations in carbohydrate composition of serum IgG from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis and from pregnant women.
AB  - The carbohydrate composition of IgG purified from serum of patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pregnant women, and blood donors has been determined
      by gas-liquid chromatography. Comparison of the results indicates that IgG from
      patients with RA contains significantly less galactose but more N
      acetylglucosamine than normal IgG, whereas the fucose and sialic acid contents
      are not changed. The carbohydrate content of IgG in RA is reduced. IgG in
      pregnancy contains more galactose and more sialic acid than normal IgG, whereas
      fucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and the total carbohydrate content are not changed.
      These data suggest a temporal compensation of the RA associated
      undergalactosylation of IgG in female patients with RA during pregnancy, a period
      during which remission of the disease is often observed.

PMID- 3355257
TI  - Value of joint scintigraphy in the prediction of erosiveness in early rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The value of scintigraphy in predicting development of new erosions in small
      peripheral joints was studied by visual evaluation of scintigrams and by three
      computerised methods. In 13 patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis a
      total of 387 joints were examined clinically, scintigraphically, and
      radiographically. The follow up period was 24 months. Four eroded joints in three
      patients were found at the onset. Of the joints which were to become eroded,
      46/47 were scintigraphically active at all the check ups. Erosions were detected
      earlier in foot joints than in finger joints. New erosions were especially prone
      to appear in joints with persisting and high scintigraphic activity. On the
      contrary, inactive joints by repeated scanning never eroded. Scintigraphic and
      clinical activity and radiographic erosiveness correlated significantly with each
      other. The sensitivity and specificity of visual scintigraphic assessment and the
      relative pixel activity method proved to be superior to the region of interest
      methods and clinical evaluation for prediction of erosiveness.

PMID- 3355259
TI  - Complications of pregnancy and benign familial joint hyperlaxity.
AB  - A family is described in which four generations were affected by benign familial
      joint hyperlaxity and, in the two generations for which obstetric data were
      available, pregnancies were complicated by unexplained mid-trimester vaginal
      bleeding. This prompted a study to determine whether unexplained antepartum
      haemorrhage (APH) and premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) both of which
      might reflect the structure of fetal collagen, were associated with joint
      hyperlaxity in offspring. The joint hyperlaxity of children born from such
      pregnancies was slightly greater than that found in age matched children born
      from uncomplicated pregnancies.

PMID- 3355258
TI  - The arthropathy of cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Musculoskeletal symptoms are frequent in cystic fibrosis (CF). Here the clinical
      features of 29 patients with CF who had significant arthropathy are described.
      Twelve had episodic arthritis (EA) characterised by repeated short attacks of
      severe, incapacitating polyarthritis, which in seven was associated with fever
      and erythema nodosum. Ten patients had hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
      (HPOA). The onset of symptoms in the group with HPOA was usually later (mean age
      20 years v 16 years for EA) and was associated with significantly worse lung
      function than in patients with CF, either without arthropathy or with EA. Seven
      patients had arthropathies which could not be classified as EA or HPOA.

PMID- 3355261
TI  - Rheumatoid disease presenting as a nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - A 62 year old man with no relevant previous history presented with a nephrotic
      syndrome. Renal biopsy showed a membranous glomerulopathy and coincident
      investigation showed high serum titres of rheumatoid factors. It was not until
      some months later that he developed articular and extra-articular manifestations
      of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3355260
TI  - Morphology of surface synoviocytes in situ at normal and raised joint pressure,
      studied by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - The synovial surface in rabbit knees was examined by scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM) to define normal surface contour, cell shape, and interstitial exposure.
      Comparison was made between specimens excised before immersion fixation (I),
      fixed in situ by vascular perfusion (V) before excision, or fixed in situ under
      an effusion pressure of 5-25 cmH2O (E). The deeply convoluted appearance of
      rabbit areolar-muscular synovium fixed after excision (I) was found to be an
      artefact; areolar-muscular synovium fixed in situ (V) was much smoother. The well
      documented cobblestone contour of immersion fixed adipose synovium was present
      after fixation in situ, but may be exaggerated by the SEM preparative process. At
      higher magnification the synoviocytes showed evidence of considerable surface
      activity (smooth granules, larger cauliflower-like excrescences, thin lamelliform
      filopodia). Cell shape was variable but many synoviocytes extended long
      cytoplasmic processes along the surface, producing fibroblastoid and even
      stellate outlines. At an intra-articular pressure of 25 cmH2O (E) the cytoplasmic
      processes were elongated and branched, creating a highly dendritic outline. Also,
      the exposure of interstitium increased markedly at the higher pressure. It is
      concluded that extension of lengthy cytoplasmic processes is a feature of normal
      healthy synoviocytes, and that an increase in interstitial area with joint
      pressure contributes to the increased hydraulic permeability of synovium at
      raised pressure.

PMID- 3355262
TI  - Phenytoin in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3355263
TI  - More on autonomic neuropathy in systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3355265
TI  - Further evidence supporting a cause and effect relationship between blood
      transfusion and earlier cancer recurrence.
AB  - Studies of associations between perioperative blood transfusions and later
      recurrence of solid tumors have yielded conflicting results. A previous analysis
      of transfused patients suggested that recurrence was associated with transfusion
      of whole blood as opposed to red blood cell concentrates. Additional analyses
      were performed on patients with cancers of the colon, rectum, cervix, and
      prostate to determine if patients receiving whole blood, red blood cells only, or
      no transfusions had differing outcomes. Patients receiving 1 unit or more of
      whole blood had uniformly poor outcomes compared with nontransfused patients (p
      less than 0.001). In contrast, patients receiving only red blood cells had
      progressively worse recurrence and death rates with increasing numbers of
      transfusion, suggesting the presence of a dose-effect relationship. Employing
      multivariate techniques, blood transfusion of less than or equal to 3 units that
      included any whole blood were independently and significantly associated with
      earlier recurrence (p = 0.003) and death due to cancer (p = 0.02). Transfusions
      of less than or equal to 3 units of blood comprised solely of red blood cell
      concentrates were associated with no greater risk of recurrence than that seen in
      patients receiving no transfusion (p = 0.50). These results provide a potential
      explanation for the disparate results reported in studies of blood transfusion
      and cancer outcome. The marked difference in outcome seen between patients
      receiving a few units of red blood cells and comparable patients receiving even
      one unit of whole blood are consistent with the hypothesis that transfusion of
      stored blood plasma causes earlier tumor recurrence in some instances. Strategies
      for reducing these risks might include avoidance of whole blood transfusions when
      only 1-3 units are required, more conservative transfusion practice, use of
      autologous blood transfusions, and perhaps, use of red blood cells washed free of
      plasma and white cell debris. Clinical trials to test these hypotheses are
      urgently needed.

PMID- 3355264
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients with biopsy-proven benign breast disease.
AB  - Three hundred sixty-five patients with biopsy-proven benign breast disease were
      followed annually in a prospective manner for 4-15 years to analyze breast cancer
      development, recurrence, and efficacy of management during follow-up. Eleven
      breast cancers developed in 11 patients during follow-up, giving a 2.6-fold
      increased cancer risk over the reference population. No association was found
      between patients who developed cancer and those who did not with respect to the
      initial histologic feature (p = 0.62), the age at entry by decades (p = 0.40),
      and relative to menopause (p = 0.54), the presence of cysts (p = 0.87), or
      calcification (p = 0.74) in the biopsy specimen, a family history of breast
      cancer (p = 0.80), or the number of observation years (p = 0.27). We conclude
      that an aggressive approach to benign breast disease is not justified for any
      type of lesion as defined in this report. Benign breast disease does not
      inevitably lead to recurrence. Moreover, 41% of our patients never had any
      recurrence and were free of symptoms during follow-up; 67% never had a mammogram
      and 82% never required a further operation. There was no association with initial
      histologic feature in patients who had clinical examination only and those who
      had mammogram, biopsy, or both during follow-up (p = 0.93). Mammograms were
      mainly used to clarify a clinical recurrence than as a screening tool, regardless
      of histologic feature (p = 0.76). Mammograms were mainly used in premenopausal
      patients (p less than 0.001) having lumps (p less than 0.001), namely, the most
      difficult patients for radiologic interpretation. This may be one important
      reason for the rather low sensitivity (75%) and specificity (40%) of mammography
      in this report. In conclusion, clinical examination is the outstanding
      investigational tool to follow patients with biopsy-proven benign breast disease,
      especially in young premenopausal patients.

PMID- 3355266
TI  - Assessment of the use of transfusion therapy perioperatively in patients with
      sickle cell hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - During the period of 1978 to 1986, 66 patients (31 men, 35 women) with a mean age
      of 28.4 years and various sickle cell hemoglobinopathies underwent 82 surgical
      procedures; 28 were emergencies. Fifty of the 66 patients had HbSS, 13/66 had
      HbSC, and 3/66 had HbS-thalassemia. All 66 patients received transfusions,
      although not for all procedures. In 48 patients, transfusion therapy was only
      administered preoperatively. Simple transfusions (1 to 10 units) were
      administered in 31 of 48 procedures. Exchange transfusions (1 to 6 units) were
      performed in nine of 48 procedures. Preoperative hematocrit ranged from 7.0% to
      54.2%; of those receiving transfusions the hematocrit ranged from 22.6% to 53.7%.
      Intraoperative transfusions (1 to 10 units) were performed in 14 of 82
      procedures; postoperative transfusions (1 to 6 units) were performed in 13 of 82
      procedures. No advantage was noted in preoperative exchange transfusion as
      measured by a decrease in postoperative complications; a slight increase was seen
      in atelectasis in this group of patients with preoperative transfusions. An
      increase was reported in the complication rate of patients with an hematocrit of
      less than 30%. The type of transfusion (preoperative, intraoperative, or
      postoperative) administered did not appear to be related to postoperative
      morbidity rates. The complication rate for simple transfusions was 51.6% and for
      multiple transfusions, 55.6%. HbSS hemoglobinopathy had the higher complication
      rate. The hepatitis B surface antigen was demonstrated in four of 66 (6.1%)
      patients; ten of 66 (15.2%) developed alloantibodies. The benefits of transfusion
      therapy should be judged according to clinical needs; not all sickle cell
      patients need exchange or preoperative transfusion.

PMID- 3355267
TI  - Management of severe caustic stenosis of the hypopharynx and esophagus by
      ileocolic transposition via suprahyoid or transepiglottic approach. Analysis of
      18 cases.
AB  - Eighteen cases of severe chronic caustic stenosis of the hypopharynx and
      esophagus are presented. Restoration of digestive continuity was accomplished by
      retrosternal ileocolic transposition. The cervical approach and the position of
      anastomosis depended on the status of the hypopharynx. When one pyriform sinus
      remained open (type I, N = 4), an anterior suprahyoid approach was used in
      conjunction with lateral hypopharyngotomy because it facilitated the anastomosis
      and additional minor surgical procedures. When the hypopharynx was completely
      stenosed (type II, N = 14), a transepiglottic approach consisting of partial
      horizontal laryngectomy was used because it allowed excision of the supraglottic
      stricture, restoration of the oropharyngeal cavity, anastomosis to the posterior
      oropharyngeal wall, management of an eventual laryngotracheal stenosis, and
      elevation of the laryngeal inlet above the digestive anastomosis. After
      operation, several endoscopic examinations were required, sometimes combined with
      reoperation. Return of deglutition assuring normal nutrition was obtained in 61%
      of patients: 3 of 4 type I and in 8 of 14 type II.

PMID- 3355268
TI  - Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of cancers of the
      cardia and lower esophagus.
AB  - Transthoracic and extrathoracic approaches to cancers of the lower esophagus and
      cardia each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be
      balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A
      different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy
      and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on
      the removal of the tumor and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct
      anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions.
      This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the
      esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical anastomosis. This
      endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical
      treatment of a total of ten patients, six with adenocarcinomas of the cardia and
      four with squamous cell carcinomas of the lower esophagus. In nine patients the
      stomach, and in one patient the left colon, was brought to the neck to
      reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated.
      There was no excessive intraoperative or postoperative bleeding, and there was no
      in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was
      cervical anastomotic leakage seen in four patients. The EEPT technique is a
      palliative approach for cancers of the lower esophagus and cardia, comparing
      favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal
      procedures.

PMID- 3355269
TI  - Prognostic significance of DNA aneuploidy in stage I cutaneous melanoma.
AB  - The prognostic significance of DNA aneuploidy was studied restrospectively in 177
      Stage I cutaneous melanomas. DNA content was determined by flow cytometry of
      propidium iodide-stained nuclei recovered from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
      material. Of 162 evaluable histograms, 124 were diploid, 35 aneuploid, and 3
      tetraploid. Aneuploidy strongly correlated with established predictors of
      unfavorable prognosis, namely, thickness p less than .005, level p less than
      0.005, ulceration p less than 0.005, and presence of vertical growth phase p less
      than 0.02. Overall, aneuploidy was strongly correlated with recurrence (p less
      than 0.005) and shorter disease-free survival (p less than 0.0001). Aneuploidy
      was an independent predictor of recurrence for tumors less than 1.5 mm thick (p
      less than 0.0001) and greater than or equal to 3 mm thick (p = 0.031). For
      melanomas 1.5-2.9 mm thick, aneuploid tumors had a 27% higher recurrence rate
      than diploid tumors (63% vs. 36%). This was not statistically significant (p =
      0.247). In a multivariate analysis of common predictors stratified by thickness,
      DNA aneuploidy was the most significant independent parameter (p less than
      0.002). DNA content appears to be an important stratification parameter for Stage
      I cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 3355271
TI  - An analysis of survival and treatment failure following abdominoperineal and
      sphincter-saving resection in Dukes' B and C rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3355270
TI  - Effect of moderate hypothermia in the treatment of canine hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - This study evaluated a possible protective and therapeutic effect of moderate
      hypothermia in the treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock. A modified Wiggers
      shock preparation was used. Normothermic dogs (Group I, N = 6) were maintained at
      normal body temperature throughout hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. In Group
      II, hypothermia was initiated after 15 minutes of hemorrhagic shock (N = 12) and
      maintained for 60 minutes after fluid resuscitation. Animals were then rewarmed
      with Group IIA (N = 7) receiving sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis, while
      Group IIB (N = 5) did not; all dogs were studied for an additional 120 minutes.
      During shock heart rate was lower in both hypothermic groups (IIA and IIB)
      compared to normothermic dogs (85.0 +/- 3.9, 77.7 +/- 4.6 vs. 136.7 +/- 4.2,
      respectively, p less than 0.05), while +dP/dt (mmHg/s) remained stable in all
      dogs. Furthermore, pH was lower in the hypothermic (Groups IIA and IIB) compared
      to normothermic animals at this time period (Group IIA: 7.19 +/- 0.02, Group IIB:
      7.13 +/- 0.02 vs. Group I: 7.24 +/- 0.02). Arterial pCO2 was higher in the
      hypothermic hemorrhagic shock Groups IIA and IIB compared to normothermic group
      (34.5 +/- 2.2, 37.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 20.3 +/- 20,3 +/- 2.0, p less than 0.05) due to
      hypothermia-depressed respiration. A higher myocardial O2 consumption and a
      negative myocardial lactate balance occurred in the normothermic animals during
      hemorrhagic shock. After resuscitation and rewarming, stroke volume (mL/beat) and
      cardiac output (L/min) were lower in hypothermic animals with persistent acid
      base derangements (12.6 +/- 2.5, 1.3 +/- 3.0, respectively) compared to
      hypothermic dogs with acid-base correction (20.1 +/- 3.3, 2.2 +/- 0.3) and
      normothermic dogs (24.6 +/- 3.0, 3.0 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.05), while myocardial
      O2 extraction and myocardial lactate production were higher. Results suggest
      hypothermia decreases the metabolic needs and maintains myocardial contractile
      function in hemorrhagic shock. Hypothermia may have a beneficial effect and, with
      normalization of acid-base balance, a therapeutic role in hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3355272
TI  - Digital ischemia as a manifestation of malignancy.

PMID- 3355273
TI  - Clinical stage I melanoma among patients who presented with lesions of Clark
      levels deep III through V.

PMID- 3355274
TI  - Drug-induced esophageal strictures.

PMID- 3355275
TI  - Combined therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus: panacea or puzzle?

PMID- 3355276
TI  - Results in closed mitral valvotomy.

PMID- 3355277
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection, and selective postoperative
      therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
AB  - In an attempt to improve on the long-term survival rate of patients with
      esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we designed a study in which treatment
      included preoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil and cisplatin, surgical
      resection, and selective postoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Between
      1981 and 1986, 35 patients with potentially resectable lesions were entered into
      the study. After chemotherapy, 13 of 35 patients (37%) had a complete clinical
      response, 7 (20%) had a partial response, and 15 (43%) had no response. One
      patient sustained a serious toxic reaction (renal failure). Twenty-seven patients
      underwent surgical resection, with 1 hospital death (3.7%). Selective
      postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was administered to 69%. The actuarial
      survival of all resected patients at 42 months was 54% (standard error, 10%).
      Multivariate analysis showed significant factors associated with 3-year survival
      were: (1) complete clinical response to chemotherapy; (2) absence of wall
      penetration in the specimen; and (3) microscopic or no disease in the specimen.
      We conclude that this multimodality treatment method improves the intermediate
      term survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 3355278
TI  - Actuarial analysis of late results after closed mitral valvotomy.
AB  - The long-term results of closed mitral valvotomy performed between 1978 and 1985
      in 198 patients with noncalcific mitral stenosis were analyzed. Follow-up data
      were available on 185 patients (93%); 1 patient died in the postoperative period,
      and 12 foreign patients were lost to follow-up. At the 4-year and 8-year
      intervals, 91% and 80% of patients, respectively, were event free (not in need of
      further operative procedures). By multivariate analysis, the factor preoperative
      mild mitral regurgitation showed a tendency to influence the event-free period.
      By univariate analysis, postoperative mitral regurgitation significantly reduced
      the event-free period. Twenty-one patients subsequently underwent mitral valve
      replacement; 8 for mitral regurgitation, 10 for mitral stenosis, and 3 for mixed
      mitral regurgitation and stenosis. By multivariate analysis, the reason for
      reoperation significantly influenced the length of the event-free period. The
      patients with mitral regurgitation required mitral valve replacement sooner than
      those with mitral stenosis. Advanced age, sex, previous valvotomy, preoperative
      New York Heart Association Functional Class, low mitral valve leaflet excursion,
      and pulmonary hypertension had no influence on the long-term result.

PMID- 3355279
TI  - Surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma: a retrospective study of 720
      thoracotomies.
AB  - Seven hundred and twenty patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma were
      operated on at the Pellenberg Clinic, K.U. Leuven, Belgium, between January 1,
      1970, and January 1, 1985. Almost 45% of the resections were pneumonectomies and
      47% were lobectomies. Mortality was 6.9% and 2.9%, respectively. Patients with
      squamous cell carcinoma (Stages I and II) who underwent lobectomy or
      pneumonectomy had an absolute 5-year survival rate of 52.8% (93/176); it was 21%
      (4/19) in the T3 N0/N1 subgroup. Patients with adenocarcinoma who underwent a
      lobectomy had a 5-year survival rate of 49% (26/53) in the T1/T2 N0 group and of
      27% (3/11) in the T1/T2 N1 group. Only 13.6% (3/22) of patients survived 5 years
      if a pneumonectomy had to be performed. Only 1 in 22 N2 patients survived 5 years
      after resection.

PMID- 3355280
TI  - Repair of tricuspid atresia: utility of right ventricular incorporation.
AB  - During a 10-year period, 62 patients underwent the following modifications of the
      Fontan operation for repair of tricuspid atresia: direct atriopulmonary
      connection (N = 15), atriopulmonary connection using a conduit (N = 5), direct
      atrioventricular (AV) connection (N = 22), and AV connections with a valved
      conduit (N = 20), including 2 with combined Fontan-arterial switch procedures.
      The overall hospital mortality was 16.1% (10/62) (70% confidence limits, 11.2 to
      22.4%). By multivariate analysis, the risk factors for early and late death
      included increasing right atrial pressure after repair, use of an atriopulmonary
      connection, and previous pulmonary artery banding (all variables, p less than
      0.05). Postoperative catheterization was performed in 22 patients including 15
      with AV valved-conduit connections. Right ventricular (RV) work based on
      pulmonary artery pressure minus right atrial pressure was correlated with the
      preoperative RV to left ventricular volume ratio computed from the four-chamber
      angiographic projection (p = 0.025), and was appreciable only with ratios
      exceeding about 30%. In 6 of 19 eligible patients, severe conduit obstruction has
      developed. Considering the survival data, the risk of reoperation, and
      postoperative hemodynamic findings, analysis of our experience supports the
      preferential use of nonvalved AV connections in most patients with tricuspid
      atresia and ventriculoarterial concordance.

PMID- 3355281
TI  - Surgical spectrum of aortic stenosis in children: a thirty-year experience with
      257 children.
AB  - Aortic stenosis accounts for 5 to 6% of infants and children seen for surgical
      repair of congenital heart disease. The clinical presentation and reported
      results of operation for aortic stenosis are highly variable. This retrospective
      review was undertaken to assess our operative mortality and the degree of
      gradient reduction afforded by each of several surgical techniques used to treat
      aortic stenosis in children over a 30-year period. Two hundred fifty-seven
      patients ranging in age from 1 day to 19 years were operated on between 1957 and
      1986. The indication for operation included asymptomatic patients with gradients
      greater than 50 mm Hg to patients in profound cardiogenic shock. The operative
      mortality for children older than 6 months was 4%, whereas neonates seen with
      critical aortic stenosis had a 60% mortality. The late mortality was 2%. Eighty
      percent of surviving patients to date have undergone cardiac catheterization
      after repair. This shows an overall reduction of 57 mm Hg in the left ventricular
      aortic gradient. Patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis and discrete
      subvalvular aortic stenosis as well as patients undergoing aortic valve
      replacement showed a reduction in or elimination of associated aortic
      insufficiency, whereas patients undergoing aortic valvotomy or neonates having
      valvotomy had a significant increase in demonstrable aortic insufficiency. The
      incidence of third-degree heart block or cerebral emboli following operation for
      aortic stenosis was less than 1%. However, the incidence of late bacterial
      endocarditis following repair was nearly 5%; six of eleven cases occurred in the
      group with discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. Twenty-nine (13%) of the 223
      long-term survivors have undergone a subsequent procedure for relief of residual
      or recurrent obstruction; 12 have had insertion of an aortic valve prosthesis, 12
      have had insertion of an apicoaortic conduit, and 6 have required repeat aortic
      valvotomy. These data demonstrate the low operative mortality and excellent
      hemodynamic benefit of surgical relief of single-level aortic stenosis in
      children older than neonates. Conduits placed for complex obstructions or
      operative procedures in neonates have acceptable hemodynamic benefits, but
      operative mortality remains high.

PMID- 3355283
TI  - New concepts in revascularization of the myocardium.
AB  - The concept of direct revascularization of ischemic myocardium by transmural left
      ventricular conduits has been investigated by several researchers. Early success
      was followed by closure of the pathways by fibrosis and scarring caused by
      mechanical trauma. The CO2 laser was examined as an alternative method of
      creating channels. Early experiments supported the hypothesis that laser channels
      would perfuse ischemic areas and would remain patent. Histological examination
      showed patent, endothelialized channels more than 2 years following operation in
      the experimental model. A clinical protocol was designed to assess the results of
      laser revascularization in a series of 12 patients. Patients selected were
      candidates for bypass grafting, but because of the coronary artery pathology
      involved, it was thought bypass grafting alone would result in incomplete
      revascularization. None of the 12 patients have died. Follow-up ranges from 3 to
      32 months. Postoperative thallium stress tests and left ventriculography indicate
      that channels have remained patent and that they perfuse the myocardium. Direct
      laser revascularization of the myocardium may offer a viable adjunct in the
      treatment of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3355282
TI  - Treatment of ruptured or elongated anterior mitral valve chordae by partial
      transposition of the posterior leaflet: experience with 29 patients.
AB  - We report a series of 29 patients, 5 to 75 years of age (mean age, 31.8 +/- 21.4
      [SD] years), with pure mitral regurgitation caused by ruptured or elongated
      chordae of the anterior mitral leaflet. These patients underwent mitral valve
      repair by segmental transposition of the posterior leaflet with its attached
      chordae sutured to the free edge of the flail anterior leaflet. There were 2
      hospital deaths. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 35 months (mean follow-up, 14.9 +/-
      8.5 months). One patient is lost to follow-up. Two patients are in New York Heart
      Association Functional Class II; all others are in Class I. In 17 patients there
      is no detectable murmur; in 5 patients a mild to moderate systolic murmur can be
      detected, while 4 have a marked systolic murmur. The adequacy of the repair could
      be confirmed by Doppler echocardiography, which has shown no evidence of prolapse
      in 22 patients. A mild regurgitation jet is present in 4 patients, and a marked
      jet, in 3. Postoperative cardiac catheterization performed in 5 patients has
      confirmed the Doppler echocardiographic findings. Although longer follow-up is
      necessary, this technique appears adequate for repairing a major prolapse of the
      anterior leaflet caused by multiple ruptured or elongated chordae, therefore
      obviating the need for a prosthetic valve substitute.

PMID- 3355284
TI  - Comparison of bioimpedance and thermodilution methods for determining cardiac
      output: experimental and clinical studies.
AB  - The changes in electrical bioimpedance caused by the blood flow through a
      thoracic segment may be measured using a series of electrodes placed at opposing
      ends of this segment. Cardiac output (CO) is calculated by computer as the change
      in bioimpedance over time. This study was performed to determine the accuracy of
      bioimpedance CO (CObi) compared with standard thermodilution CO (COtd) in an
      animal model and in patients. COtd was determined using a thermodilution CO
      computer, and CObi was calculated with a bioimpedance computer in 10 dogs at
      baseline and at 5-minute intervals following the injection of 7 mEq of calcium
      chloride. A high correlation between COtd and CObi was observed (r = 0.91, p less
      than 0.001) over a range of 2.5 to 6 L/min. Thirty-three paired observations
      using the CObi and COtd methods were performed in 10 patients following elective
      coronary artery bypass surgery. A significant correlation between the two methods
      was determined with a CO range of 2.1 to 7.8 L/min (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001).
      CObi became inaccurate with severe tachycardia (pulse, 180/min), low CO, or
      frequent arrhythmias. These results indicate that this technique provides a
      continuous noninvasive method of determining CO that is comparable with
      thermodilution techniques. The technique of CObi holds promise for widespread use
      when continuous and noninvasive monitoring of CO is necessary.

PMID- 3355286
TI  - Fontan repair for tricuspid atresia: experience with 50 consecutive patients.
AB  - From April, 1975, to October, 1985, 50 patients (mean age, 5.3 years; range, 2.5
      to 14 years) underwent a Fontan repair for tricuspid atresia or severe tricuspid
      stenosis. Fifty-six palliative operations had been performed previously in 43
      patients. Twenty-nine patients received an atriopulmonary connection by direct
      anastomosis [19], interposition of an aortic homograft [7], or a porcine
      heterograft [3]. An atrium-subpulmonary chamber connection was performed in 21
      patients (Bjork modification, 10; Dacron tube, 10; valved conduit, 1). Eleven
      patients (22%) died early, 6 of whom did not meet the established criteria for a
      Fontan operation. One patient died 6 months postoperatively of superior vena cava
      thrombosis. Four patients were reoperated on successfully. At a mean follow-up of
      28.8 months, 28 patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I and
      9 are in Class II; 1 patient was lost to follow-up. Thirteen patients underwent
      control catheterization fifteen days to four years postoperatively (median right
      atrial pressure, 14 mm Hg). Exercise testing in 9 asymptomatic patients,
      performed after a mean interval of 33 months, showed a moderate impairment of
      cardiac performance. We conclude that in select patients, a Fontan repair appears
      to be a reliable procedure at medium-term follow-up.

PMID- 3355285
TI  - Hepaticothoracic transdiaphragmatic echinococcosis.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1985, seven patients were referred to us for surgical treatment
      of simultaneous hydatid cysts in the liver and the chest. Their mean age was 45.4
      years (age range, 23-73 years), and they represented 46% of patients with hydatid
      cysts in the liver and thorax. Three patients had hepaticopleural involvement,
      and 3 patients had symptoms of pulmonary origin. In a single patient, only the
      diaphragm was involved along with the liver. Liver scintigraphy and
      ultrasonography were equally helpful in delineating the extent of the disease,
      but computed tomographic scanning is now the method of choice. The operations
      were through a thoracolaparotomy in 3 patients and a thoracotomy alone in 3
      patients. A single patient had a thoracotomy with a transdiaphragmatic
      laparotomy. Complete drainage or excision of hydatid cavities was accomplished in
      all patients. Hydrogen peroxide instilled into the cysts was satisfactory for
      control of spread potentially secondary to possible intraoperative spillage.
      There have been no postoperative deaths. Follow-up has ranged from 6 months to 8
      years, and 2 patients had relapsing hydatid disease 3 years postoperatively.
      These results suggest that, when hydatid disease of the liver is complicated by
      transdiaphragmatic extension and simultaneous pleural or pulmonary cysts, early
      surgical repair is indicated. Complete drainage and cyst excision are
      recommended.

PMID- 3355287
TI  - Successful surgical repair of truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch in
      infancy by an anterior approach.
AB  - A 98-day-old infant was successfully operated on for truncus arteriosus (type I)
      with interrupted aortic arch (type B) using a one-stage anterior approach. The
      interrupted aortic arch was reconstructed by direct anastomosis between the
      ascending and descending aorta. The ventricular septal defect was closed, and a
      12-mm porcine valved conduit was placed on the right side of the ascending aorta
      to establish continuity between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
      Surgical procedures for the repair of this malformation are the focus of
      discussion.

PMID- 3355288
TI  - Upper extremity claudication 10 years after a Blalock-Taussig shunt treated with
      a carotid-to-subclavian graft.
AB  - A case of progressive upper extremity vascular insufficiency, which occurred 10
      years after the construction of a Blalock-Taussig anastomosis, is described. It
      was successfully managed with a carotid-to-subclavian bypass graft.

PMID- 3355289
TI  - Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: does diagnosis require thoracotomy?
AB  - The incidence of pulmonary coin lesions as a result of Dirofilaria immitis (dog
      heartworm) seems to be increasing. A case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis is
      described, and its pathogenesis and the limitations of preoperative diagnostic
      tests in this condition are discussed.

PMID- 3355290
TI  - Tracheoesophageal fistula associated with Barrett's ulcer: the importance of
      reflux control.
AB  - A benign tracheoesophageal fistula occurring as a complication of Barrett's
      ulcerative esophagitis is described. Surgical control of gastroesophageal reflux
      resulted in healing of the fistula, obviating the need for a resective procedure
      or esophageal exclusion. Although Barrett's ulcer has been reported as a cause of
      acquired esophagorespiratory fistula, to our knowledge, the important role of
      reflux control in the management of this difficult problem has not been
      discussed.

PMID- 3355291
TI  - A new technique for delivering the stomach or colon to the neck following total
      esophagectomy.
AB  - After total esophagectomy, swallowing is usually restored by stomach or colon
      interposed to the neck. The use of a new technique to facilitate the passage of
      these conduits to the neck for anastomosis to the cervical esophagus is
      described.

PMID- 3355292
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation after myocardial revascularization.

PMID- 3355293
TI  - Disc immobilization with valve replacement.

PMID- 3355294
TI  - Pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum.

PMID- 3355295
TI  - Skeletonized internal mammary artery.

PMID- 3355296
TI  - Waltzing HIV-tilda.

PMID- 3355297
TI  - National adverse drug reaction surveillance. 1986.
AB  - The collection of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports by the Food and Drug
      Administration serves to provide additional information on the toxic reactions of
      drugs that often cannot be known before a drug is marketed. In 1986, a total of
      53,547 ADR reports were received; 56% of these were made by US health care
      professionals based on observations made during usual clinical practice. The 1986
      total represents an increase of 14% in ADR reporting over 1985, continuing a
      trend begun in 1981. While these increases are encouraging, US reporting rates
      are far below many other countries, and further encouragement of reporting must
      be done. Of these ADR reports, 24% involved serious reactions and 20% involved
      new drugs. An ADR report should be seen as a professional responsibility; reports
      are carefully analyzed and used.

PMID- 3355298
TI  - Incidence and cardiac effects of systemic venous air embolism. Echocardiographic
      evidence of arterial embolization via noncardiac shunt.
AB  - Central nervous system dysfunction in venous air embolism may result from air
      entering the arterial circulation. Using two-dimensional and pulsed-wave Doppler
      echocardiography, this study not only documented the frequent presence of air in
      the right heart chambers of patients undergoing upright neurosurgery or pacemaker
      insertion, but also documented the presence of air in the left atrium and left
      ventricle of one patient via noncardiac shunt. Studies in dogs confirmed
      paradoxical air embolism in the absence of anatomic communications between right
      and left heart chambers. Systemic venous air also produced a dose-dependent
      increase in pulmonary artery pressure and diastolic flattening of the ventricular
      septum with increase in left ventricular filling pressure despite preserved
      systolic function.

PMID- 3355299
TI  - Hemodynamic instability following intentional nadolol overdose.
AB  - Hemodynamic compromise developed following intentional overdose with nadolol in a
      57-year-old woman. Nadolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent.
      Intravenous infusion of glucagon hydrochloride was effective in restoring
      hemodynamic stability after intravenous fluid loading and catecholamine infusions
      had failed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of nadolol
      overdose.

PMID- 3355300
TI  - Medical and economic consequences of a blinded oral anticoagulant brand change at
      a municipal hospital.
AB  - In 1980, the Boston City Hospital pharmacy made a bulk purchase of a brand of
      warfarin sodium that was different from the brand previously stocked. The
      physician and nurse in charge of the anticoagulation clinic and responsible for
      regulating patient dosage of warfarin were not aware of the change in warfarin
      brand. During the period of brand substitution, we observed an increase in the
      number of patients whose anticoagulation was poorly controlled. There was a
      concomitant increase in the number of clinic visits and an increased frequency of
      prothrombin time testing to regulate the dosage in such patients. We performed a
      retrospective analysis of the medical and economic consequences of the change in
      brand of warfarin. Our results show that a significant increase in morbidity and
      overall health care costs resulted from this attempt to economize by changing
      brands of medication in our municipal hospital setting.

PMID- 3355301
TI  - Morphologic diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis-revisited.
AB  - The usefulness of transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary
      alveolar lipoproteinosis (PAL) is not emphasized in the literature. Therefore, we
      decided to reassess our approach to the morphologic diagnosis of this disorder in
      14 patients diagnosed over the past 13 years in two major teaching hospitals in
      Toronto. The morphologic diagnosis of idiopathic PAL was established by means of
      open lung biopsy in 11 patients; the use of transbronchial biopsy was not
      considered in eight of them. Transbronchial biopsy was performed in six patients,
      and the diagnosis of idiopathic PAL was reliably established in five cases. We
      conclude that transbronchial biopsy may be a worthwhile preliminary procedure to
      open lung biopsy in patients with suspected idiopathic PAL, and it can reliably
      establish the diagnosis in such cases.

PMID- 3355302
TI  - Erythrocyte anisocytosis. Visual inspection of blood films vs automated analysis
      of red blood cell distribution width.
AB  - An improved anemia classification may be available by combining measures of red
      blood cell size variability with mean corpuscular volume. Visual inspection of
      the peripheral blood film allows semiquantitative description of anisocytosis
      while quantitative measures are determined from electronic cell counter
      analyzers' red blood cell distribution width. We evaluated correlations between
      semiquantitative and quantitative measures of anisocytosis for different groups
      of observers. Hematologists', medical students', and medical residents'
      semiquantitative assessment of anisocytosis correlated with the quantitative red
      blood cell distribution width. The interobserver variability demonstrated that
      all observers correlated with each other, while the intraobserver variability of
      semiquantitative anisocytosis demonstrated that observers were more precise than
      could be predicted by chance. However, the extreme precision of the red blood
      cell distribution width strongly suggests that it should be the "gold standard"
      for measuring red blood cell size variability.

PMID- 3355303
TI  - The value of the physical examination in the diagnosis of anemia. Correlation of
      the physical findings and the hemoglobin concentration.
AB  - Certain clinical findings, such as pallor of the conjunctivae, nail beds, lips,
      oral mucosa, and palmar creases have traditionally been used by physicians in the
      diagnosis of anemia. We prospectively examined 50 patients to determine whether
      there was any correlation between these clinical findings and hemoglobin
      concentration. We noted a statistically significant correlation between
      hemoglobin concentration and the following: color tint of the lower eyelid
      conjunctiva, nail-bed rubor, nail-bed blanching, and palmar crease rubor. Results
      from our study support the contention that the presence and degree of anemia can
      be estimated clinically by careful physical examination.

PMID- 3355304
TI  - Pulmonary embolism in outpatients with pleuritic chest pain.
AB  - Pleuritic chest pain is a frequent complaint in patients coming to the emergency
      room, but the proportion of such patients with pulmonary embolism is uncertain.
      In a prospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic outcomes in 173 consecutive
      patients who came to the emergency room with pleuritic chest pain. Pulmonary
      embolism, as demonstrated by angiography or autopsy, was present in 36 (21%). The
      need for objective testing is clearly indicated by our finding that the
      sensitivity (85%) and specificity (37%) of predetermined clinical variables for
      pulmonary embolism were insufficient to allow a definitive treatment decision.
      Optimal sensitivity and specificity are obtained by using pulmonary angiography
      in combination with lung scanning. The proportion of patients requiring
      angiography is substantially reduced, from 43% to 26%, without significant loss
      of accuracy, if ventilation imaging and impedance plethysmography are used
      together with perfusion scanning.

PMID- 3355305
TI  - Preparation for practice in internal medicine. A study of ten years of residency
      graduates.
AB  - To evaluate the adequacy of preparation for medical practice, we surveyed 320
      internal medicine program graduates. The 210 respondents gave their perceptions
      regarding preparation in training and importance in practice of eight clinical
      practice skills and 27 clinical procedure skills. The skills with highest
      preparation scores were venipuncture, intravenous line placement, and arterial
      puncture for blood gases. The skills rated as the most important in practice were
      history taking, physical examination, and selection of diagnostic tests. For 13
      of the 27 clinical procedure skills, mean preparation scores were significantly
      higher than mean importance scores, suggesting "overpreparation." In contrast,
      seven of the eight clinical practice skills had mean preparation scores
      significantly lower than mean importance scores, suggesting "underpreparation."
      Furthermore, greater preparation during training was reported by more recent
      graduates for five of the overprepared skills. We concluded that skills
      emphasized in internal medicine training are not necessarily those important for
      practice and that recent changes in the training and practice environments may be
      increasing these discrepancies.

PMID- 3355306
TI  - The roles of vaccination and amantadine prophylaxis in controlling an outbreak of
      influenza A (H3N2) in a nursing home.
AB  - An outbreak caused by influenza A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2)-like viruses occurred
      in a partially vaccinated nursing home population in January 1985. During the
      first six days of the outbreak, 14 (25%) of 55 residents developed influenzalike
      illness. The risk of illness was most strongly associated with undetectable
      levels of antibody against the epidemic strain, with unvaccinated case-patients
      having more severe illnesses and a higher rate of hospitalization than vaccinated
      case-patients (5/8 vs 0/6). During the period of amantadine hydrochloride
      prophylaxis (100 mg/d) from days 7 to 35, only two (5%) of the remaining 41
      residents became ill, even though 11 (27%) had no detectable antibody. Serum
      amantadine levels obtained on day 35 ranged from 117 to 737 ng/mL (mean 309
      ng/mL), similar to therapeutic levels documented in younger adults who have taken
      the standard regimen of 200 mg/d; there were few clinically significant side
      effects. These findings illustrate the benefits of influenza vaccination and
      support the use of amantadine hydrochloride at a dosage of 100 mg daily for
      outbreak control among elderly persons.

PMID- 3355307
TI  - The safety and efficacy of a controlled low-energy ('very-low-calorie') diet in
      the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity.
AB  - We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a highly supplemented controlled low
      energy (1764 kJ [420 kcal]) diet in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes and obesity. Six obese, diabetic women ranging from 143% to 297% of
      ideal body weight were studied in a metabolic ward for 48 days. The subjects
      ingested a weight-maintenance diet during an eight-day control period followed by
      40 days of an experimental diet containing 1764 kJ (420 kcal) of a mixture of
      protein (43% of energy intake), carbohydrates (51%), and fat (6%), supplemented
      with minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. The subjects were monitored for
      balances of nitrogen and minerals, as well as for the appearance of cardiac
      arrhythmias by 24-hour electrocardiographic recordings. Weight loss was rapid and
      sustained and averaged 10.1% +/- 0.8% over 40 days. Fasting plasma glucose levels
      declined from 16.2 +/- 1.9 mmol/L (293 +/- 36 mg/dL) to 6.9 +/- 0.8 mmol/L (126
      +/- 16 mg/dL) by day 35. Similarly, hemoglobin A1c levels fell from 0.11 +/-
      0.009 (11.2% +/- 0.9%) to 0.8 +/- 0.001 (8.2% +/- 1.1%). Urinary C-peptide levels
      declined from 62.2 +/- 15.6 nmol/48 h to 20.0 +/- 5.9 nmol/48 h by days 39 to 40
      and paralleled the decline in plasma glucose values, the majority of which
      occurred in the first seven days. Concentrations of serum cholesterol and
      triglycerides decreased. Balances for nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium were
      negative at -1.7 g/24 h, -2.2 mEq/24 h, and -2.9 mg/dL, respectively. Blood
      pressure decreased without orthostasis. Resting metabolic rate fell a mean of 18%
      but remained within normal limits. Triiodothyronine levels also declined. Twenty
      four-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic readings disclosed no significant
      bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia for any patient. These studies, based on a
      limited number of subjects, demonstrate that a highly supplemented controlled low
      energy diet is a safe and efficacious treatment for diabetes and obesity, leading
      to significant decreases in weight, blood pressure, and levels of plasma glucose
      and plasma lipids. Such diets may be the optimal initial treatment of moderate to
      markedly obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3355308
TI  - Left ventricular ejection fraction. Physician estimates compared with gated blood
      pool scan measurements.
AB  - Gated blood pool scanning (GBPS) is an expensive, frequently used test to assess
      the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). To determine whether a simpler
      method of evaluating LVEFs was reliable, we compared the LVEFs derived by GBPS
      with those estimated in a cardiologist's examination in 125 hospitalized
      patients. Of the physician estimates, 56% were accurate to within 7.5%, while 17%
      were underestimates and 27% were overestimates. The variables that were most
      predictive of reduced LVEF included cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous congestion
      on chest roentgenogram and S3 gallop, hypotension, and sustained left ventricular
      apex beat on examination. Prior hypertension was correlated with an increased
      LVEF. Variables associated with physician error in estimating the LVEF included a
      history of hypertension, bronchodilator therapy, and right bundle-branch block
      seen on the electrocardiogram. These data suggest that although qualitatively
      accurate estimates of the LVEF can sometimes be made on the basis of clinical
      findings, GBPS should be performed when management decisions hinge on a precise
      knowledge of this value.

PMID- 3355309
TI  - Eosinophilia in coccidioidomycosis.
AB  - Eosinophilia as a manifestation of coccidioidomycosis may be found in blood or
      cerebrospinal fluid. We report on a case of coccidioidomycosis with pleurisy,
      skin lesions, and meningitis with concomitant striking eosinophilia in both blood
      and cerebrospinal fluid that resolved promptly after amphotericin B therapy was
      started.

PMID- 3355310
TI  - Streptokinase dissolution of a right atrial thrombus associated with a temporary
      pacemaker.
AB  - Thrombosis of intravascular catheters is a well-recognized and potentially
      serious complication, which has been treated successfully with thrombolytic
      agents. A routine echocardiogram in a patient with a temporary transvenous
      pacemaker demonstrated a large thrombus attached to the pacing electrode. This
      was dissolved successfully and uneventfully with high-dose intravenous
      streptokinase therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the
      successful lysis of a right atrial thrombus complicating a temporary transvenous
      pacemaker.

PMID- 3355311
TI  - The residency-practice training mismatch. A primary care education dilemma.
AB  - Primary care practice requires clinical skills and knowledge that differ greatly
      from those required for successful completion of residency training. Discrepant
      clinical settings and physician responsibilities have thus created a mismatch
      between the educational content of residency training and the content of clinical
      practice, which may result in suboptimal preparation of internists, family
      practitioners, and pediatricians for patient care. Of equal concern, the
      psychosocial environment of residency does not prepare physicians for their
      future community and personal adult roles. Barriers to correcting this worsening
      mismatch include the following: (1) economic pressures to use house staff to meet
      service needs of hospitals, (2) changes in patient demographics and the focus of
      hospital-based medicine that are making hospitals progressively more unsuitable
      as the principal training site for primary care physicians, (3) the deemphasis of
      practicing physicians as role models and teachers in postgraduate training, and
      (4) the often heated disagreement among medical educators regarding the purpose
      and content of residency training. Efforts to resolve this mismatch should
      include the following: reexamining the educational objectives of the current
      system of postgraduate training, better counseling of physicians in training
      regarding career goals, and emphasizing the primary care physician as role models
      and faculty.

PMID- 3355312
TI  - Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. Pulmonary involvement in patients with
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - A normal host can be colonized by mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT),
      resulting in bronchoscopic isolates of no clinical significance. In the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare,
      Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi have caused widely disseminated
      infection. To determine the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in
      evaluating MOTT infection in AIDS, we reviewed MOTT cultures from 36 FBs,
      correlated these to clinical course, and identified MOTT isolates from cultures
      of all other sources in these patients. Of ten bronchoscopic MOTT isolates, seven
      were not related to lung disease or to dissemination within one month of FB. Of
      the four Mycobacterium fortuitum and seven M avium-intracellulare that did
      disseminate within one month, only two were reflected in bronchoscopic cultures.
      In patients with AIDS, bronchopulmonary MOTT colonization does occur. We
      recommend that standard criteria for pulmonary mycobacterial disease be applied.
      Negative bronchopulmonary cultures do not seem to exclude dissemination.

PMID- 3355314
TI  - Is there a direct relationship between lactic acidosis and epinephrine
      administration?

PMID- 3355313
TI  - Minimal-change nephropathy associated with pancreatic carcinoma.
AB  - A 67-year-old man presented with nephrotic syndrome and polymyalgia rheumatica. A
      renal biopsy revealed minimal-change nephropathy. The proteinuria and
      rheumatologic findings responded to prednisone therapy. The patient presented
      three months later with biliary tract obstruction secondary to pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver. The glomerulopathy and polymyalgia
      rheumatica in this case seemed to be components of the paraneoplastic syndrome.
      The response of both entities to prednisone therapy supports the hypothesis that
      they are caused by derangements in cell-mediated immunity. The fact that the
      tumor progressed despite resolution of the nephrosis and polymyalgia rheumatica
      suggests that cell-mediated immunity in general is altered by the tumor and not
      that the carcinoma liberates a factor that directly damages the kidney.

PMID- 3355315
TI  - Pacing in left bundle-branch block during Swan-Ganz catheterization.

PMID- 3355316
TI  - Diagnostic value of the medical history.

PMID- 3355317
TI  - Coccidioidal meningitis narcotic-amphotericin B intracisternal therapy.

PMID- 3355318
TI  - Abdominal fat aspiration biopsy in dialysis-related amyloidosis.

PMID- 3355319
TI  - The heritability of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. A family study.
AB  - Ninety-one consecutively admitted patients with schizophrenia (n = 21),
      schizoaffective depression (n = 43), or psychotic depression (n = 27) entered a
      blind family study along with 36 never-ill controls. Though schizophrenia
      spectrum disorders clustered within families, they were not significantly more
      prevalent in the families of schizophrenic probands. In contrast, morbid risks
      for affective disorder clearly separated the families of psychotically depressed
      probands from the families of both schizophrenics and controls. Family study data
      for schizoaffective probands indicated links to both affective disorder and
      schizophrenia and suggested, as well, that a small number of patients with
      schizoaffective disorder may carry a genetic liability to both conditions.

PMID- 3355321
TI  - Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 180 inpatients with DSM-III borderline personality
      disorder (BPD), the degree and direction of psychiatric comorbidity were used to
      examine the extent to which BPD is a homogeneous entity with clearly defined
      boundaries. Ninety-one percent of patients with BPD had one additional diagnosis,
      and 42% had two or more additional diagnoses. Both patients with BPD and controls
      with other personality disorders had similar rates and directions of comorbidity.
      The two groups did not differ significantly in prevalence of affective disorder.
      The DSM-III BPD appears to constitute a very heterogeneous category with unclear
      boundaries, overlapping with many different disorders but without a specific
      association with any one Axis I disorder. Comorbidity in patients with BPD may
      reflect base rates of psychopathology rather than anything inherent to BPD.
      Future studies should control for comorbidity to ensure homogeneity of comparison
      groups.

PMID- 3355320
TI  - A controlled family study of chronic psychoses. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective
      disorder.
AB  - Two hundred thirty-seven relatives of 48 patients with chronic psychosis,
      diagnosed as either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, along with 380
      relatives of psychiatrically normal controls, were studied using systematic
      diagnostic interviews, information from relatives, and review of medical records
      where appropriate. A variety of nonbipolar psychotic disorders was found in the
      relatives of the patients. Comparing relatives of patients with schizophrenia
      with relatives of patients with schizoaffective disorder, there was no tendency
      for schizoaffective diagnosis or acute psychoses to aggregate separately from
      schizophrenia. Increased incidence of bipolar disorder was found in relatives of
      patients with schizoaffective disorder but not in relatives of patients with
      schizophrenia. Incidence of major affective disorder (bipolar and unipolar) was
      increased in relatives of probands with both types of psychoses. If we subdivide
      the ill probands according to whether or not they had a history of substance
      abuse, relatives of probands with substance abuse had greater frequency of
      affective disorder and substance abuse, but there were not significant
      differences in the number of relatives with nonbipolar psychoses.

PMID- 3355322
TI  - Predicting hospital discharge status for patients with schizophrenia,
      schizoaffective disorder, borderline personality disorder, and unipolar affective
      disorder.
AB  - The empiric literature reports few distinctive features among patients discharged
      against medical advice (AMA) or absent without leave and regularly discharged
      inpatients. Interactive relationships between predictors of discharge status and
      diagnosis have not been studied, however. This study used discriminant function
      analyses to test for predictors of discharge with medical advice, AMA, and by
      transfer for inpatients with schizophrenia (N = 132), schizoaffective disorder (N
      = 61), borderline personality disorder (N = 69), and unipolar affective disorder
      (N = 42) from a follow-up study. Results showed that indexes of chronic psychosis
      predicted transfer for all diagnoses. Angry, impulsive behavior and unstable
      relationships predicted AMA discharge in all but the unipolar patients. For the
      latter, being married was most powerfully associated with AMA status.

PMID- 3355324
TI  - College of American Pathologists Conference XIII. Evaluation of proficiency
      testing results for quantitative methods in relation to clinical usefulness.
      September 2-4, 1987.

PMID- 3355323
TI  - Hospital discharge status and long-term outcome for patients with schizophrenia,
      schizoaffective disorder, borderline personality disorder, and unipolar affective
      disorder.
AB  - The prognosis of self-discharged inpatients has seldom been studied, especially
      by diagnosis, and is frequently assumed to be poor. This study evaluated the long
      term (15-year average) outcome of inpatients discharged with medical advice
      (WMA), against medical advice (AMA), or by transfer for patients with
      schizophrenia (N = 113), schizoaffective disorder (N = 46), borderline
      personality disorder (N = 63), and unipolar affective disorder (N = 33) from a
      follow-up study. Results showed that outcome among discharge cohorts varied
      considerably depending on diagnostic category. Within each diagnostic cohort,
      outcome of transferred patients was poorest. The outcome of AMA-discharged
      patients was poorer than the outcome of patients discharged with medical advice
      only in the unipolar cohort, except that AMA discharge in schizoaffective
      patients correlated significantly with suicide.

PMID- 3355325
TI  - College of American Pathologists Conference XIII on the evaluation of proficiency
      testing results for quantitative methods in relation to clinical usefulness:
      introduction.

PMID- 3355326
TI  - Proficiency testing programs--promises, progress, and problems. A 40-year
      prospective.
AB  - Proficiency testing as a means of interlaboratory improvement is over 40 years
      old. Proficiency testing as a tool of the regulatory process is nearly 20. While
      successful, ie, the quality of laboratory work in the United States has improved
      significantly during the past 40 years, this union of regulation and education
      continues to be a marriage of unequals. Clearly, those who started the
      professional laboratory community on the road to interlaboratory proficiency
      testing envisioned a promise of improved quality. The promise is fulfilled; even
      on an interlaboratory basis, the quality of work (precision) approaches or even
      exceeds the clinicians' requirements for medically useful data. Major problems
      continue to exist: the prospect of regulating a vast population of "physicians'
      office laboratories" presents new challenges for program providers, and as
      methodologies in laboratories have improved, some of the long-held systems of
      grading and performance evaluation are beginning to fail. The failure is not one
      of intent, logistics, or statistics. Proficiency testing, as a fine sharp tool,
      is corrupted when applied in a situation in which it is ill suited to perform.
      New knowledge will renew the promise and allow the professional, clinical
      laboratory community to progress.

PMID- 3355327
TI  - Evolution of evaluation criteria in the College of American Pathologists Surveys.
AB  - This review of the evolution of evaluation criteria in the College of American
      Pathologists Survey and of theoretical grounds proposed for evaluation criteria
      explores the complex nature of the evaluation process. Survey professionals
      balance multiple variables to seek relevant and meaningful evaluations. These
      include the state of the art, the reliability of target values, the nature of
      available control materials, the perceived medical "nonusefulness" of the
      extremes of performance (good or poor), this extent of laboratory services
      provided, and the availability of scientific data and theory by which clinically
      relevant criteria of medical usefulness may be established. The evaluation
      process has consistently sought peer concensus, to stimulate improvement in state
      of the art, to increase medical usefulness, and to monitor the state of the art.
      Recent factors that are likely to promote change from peer group evaluation to
      fixed criteria evaluation are the high degree of proficiency in the state of the
      art for many analytes, accurate target values, increased knowledge of biologic
      variation, and the availability of statistical modeling techniques simulating
      biologic and diagnostic processes as well as analytic processes.

PMID- 3355328
TI  - The overall role of a proficiency testing program.
AB  - Proficiency testing programs provide many benefits to participant laboratories,
      functioning as an integral component of total quality control, as a vehicle for
      self-improvement, as a mechanism for continuing education, and as a fulfillment
      of regulatory requirements. Proficiency testing should not be utilized as the
      sole indicator of acceptable laboratory performance; unacceptable results should
      serve as a trigger for further inquiry and corrective action as indicated. A
      proficiency testing program should be a broad-based program covering the usual
      spectrum of laboratory disciplines without commercial bias and it should possess
      continuous scientific input so as to be capable of adjusting promptly to
      technologic advancements as well as maintaining established participant benefits.
      It is important that proficiency testing programs continue to develop mechanisms
      of mutual interchange with accreditational bodies and regulatory agencies.

PMID- 3355329
TI  - The how and why of an accuracy base for proficiency testing programs.
AB  - The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has been involved for more than ten years
      in development of definitive methods for measuring important inorganic and
      organic analytes in human serum, including calcium, potassium, chloride,
      cholesterol, glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. These methods are
      carefully designed and thoroughly tested isotope dilution mass spectrometric
      procedures that produce results of high precision and accuracy. Definitive
      methods are used to certify concentrations in reference serum pools, which are
      distributed among clinical laboratories as a means of assessing the accuracy of
      the routine methods. The College of American Pathologists operates a major
      proficiency testing program for clinical laboratories. The National Bureau of
      Standards works with the College of American Pathologists to assign values for
      analyte concentrations in proficiency testing samples where possible, and these
      values are used to assess the overall accuracy of the participants (grand mean)
      as well as the accuracy of peer groups (those that use the same methodology
      and/or instrumentation). For the analytes studied to date, the grand mean values
      have generally been close to the definitive values, but some of the peer group
      results have shown significant biases. To illustrate the definitive method
      development process, a modified and improved definitive method for cholesterol
      measurement is described. The modified method uses a cholesterol-13C3 as the
      labeled internal standard, capillary gas chromatography for sample introduction,
      and a novel means of electrically switching between the ions being measured.
      Results on standard reference material 909, a lyophilized human serum,
      demonstrate the precision and absence of significant measurement bias attainable
      with the new method.

PMID- 3355330
TI  - Proficiency testing. Its role in a voluntary clinical Laboratory Accreditation
      Program.
AB  - The author's long experience as Chairman of the Laboratory Accreditation Program
      of the College of American Pathologists provides the background for this article.
      Laboratory accreditation and proficiency testing have now become an established
      part of the clinical laboratories in the United States. This article attempts to
      demonstrate the relationship between proficiency testing and accreditation, and
      highlights some of the current problems and future challenges facing proficiency
      testing as pertains to accreditation.

PMID- 3355331
TI  - Use of proficiency test performance to determine clinical laboratory director
      qualifications.
AB  - Many activities and policies influence laboratory test quality. Proficiency test
      results are one measure of laboratory quality, and during the past 25 years, five
      studies have examined the relationship of laboratory director educational
      requirements to proficiency test results. Data from three studies support the
      association between director qualifications and quality as measured by
      proficiency test performance, whereas no relationship was found in the other two
      studies. Possible reasons for conflicting results include differences in database
      size and demographics; in addition, proficiency test results may be
      inappropriate, although widely used, as the sole measure of laboratory director
      performance.

PMID- 3355332
TI  - Evaluating laboratory performance. Historical and governmental perspectives.
AB  - Historically, the quality of laboratory performance that must be provided to
      adequately support medical decision-making has been defined in three major ways:
      by the analytical variance of the state of the practice; by the total variance,
      including the expected analytical and biological variability; and by medical
      usefulness criteria. Quality goals defined by these approaches have influenced
      instrument manufacturers, professional societies, governmental agencies, and even
      the precision and accuracy of medical practice. Despite past efforts, a consensus
      has not emerged on a scientifically and medically supportable set of laboratory
      performance requirements. Medically relevant goals for analytic performance would
      help avoid costly and unnecessary regulatory requirements and permit steady
      improvement in instrumentation and methods.

PMID- 3355333
TI  - Federal regulation of clinical laboratories. A prospective public policy
      analysis.
AB  - The two-decade history of federal clinical laboratory standards is associated
      with improved laboratory performance. At present, there is limited empirical
      evidence explaining which regulatory requirements have contributed to this
      improvement. Some evidence suggests a cause-and-effect relationship for certain
      standards, eg, participation in proficiency testing, but not for others. Further
      improvements in performance and evolutionary changes in standards can be
      anticipated. The federal rule-making process properly emphasizes fairness and
      participation. As a result, the standard-setting process may not keep pace with
      rapid technological and utilization changes now in progress. A shared goal of
      laboratorians and policy makers is to "do no harm!" Empirical evidence is likely
      to play an ever increasing role in meeting this goal, which will require
      identifying effective and cost-efficient standards for laboratory performance.

PMID- 3355334
TI  - A user's classification of problems identified by proficiency testing surveys.
AB  - Laboratory results judged as unacceptable in external proficiency surveys do not
      always signal laboratory testing problems. This is a report of the results of a
      user's investigation of the proficiency testing flags encountered in our
      laboratory from three survey programs over a two-year period. The survey programs
      were administered by the College of American Pathologists, the Centers for
      Disease Control, and the State of New York. The explanations for the abnormal
      survey results were classified into six categories: possible analytic measurement
      problem (28%), clerical error in transcription or completion of forms (16%),
      inappropriate survey criteria (17%), specimen problem (11%), agency amended
      report (5%), and no identifiable cause (23%).

PMID- 3355335
TI  - Survey of special practices associated with College of American Pathologists
      proficiency testing in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
AB  - A questionnaire concerned with special practices associated with proficiency
      testing was sent to the Chemistry Supervisor, Hematology Supervisor, and Chief
      Pathologist of 190 Pennsylvania hospital laboratories. Responses were received
      from 156 hospitals (82.1%) and included responses from 131 chemistry supervisors,
      108 hematology supervisors, and 92 chief pathologists. The vast majority of
      respondents (85% to 95%) indicated moderate to great pressure to score
      acceptably. The survey showed a high prevalence of special practices, including
      analysis of controls just prior to survey specimens (23% to 42%), analysis in
      duplicate on a single instrument (52% to 88%), analysis on more than one
      instrument (17% to 31%), analysis on two or more separate days (20% to 39%), and
      delay of testing until an instrument is "working better" (24% to 34%).
      Approximately 63% of chemistry results and 72% of hematology results are reported
      as averages or medians. Pathologists consistently reported a lower prevalence of
      special practices than did laboratory supervisors. These high prevalences of
      special practices associated with proficiency testing specimens have important
      implications for proficiency testing programs.

PMID- 3355336
TI  - The clinical purposes of laboratory testing.

PMID- 3355337
TI  - Medical relevance of laboratory tests. A clinical perspective.
AB  - To address the role of proficiency testing in the medical usefulness of
      laboratory tests, nine steps involved in the generation and application of a
      laboratory test result are identified and discussed: test ordering, patient
      preparation, specimen, sample, analysis, result, reporting, recognition, and
      action. Clinical uses of test results are enumerated. Good clinical skills are
      necessary for optimal test efficiency. Clinicians should improve their selection
      of tests, pay attention to proper patient preparation, and refine the process of
      interpretation of test results using disease-based reference ranges and more
      formal analysis of predictive value. By better definition of the clinical uses of
      laboratory tests, appropriate attention can be directed to steps in the
      laboratory domain such as medically relevant goals for accuracy and precision.
      With clearer understanding of the testing process, proficiency testing for
      monitoring laboratory performance can be more fully utilized. Audit models should
      be developed that include assessment of the outcome of the laboratory testing
      process.

PMID- 3355338
TI  - Evaluation of the clinical accuracy of laboratory tests.
AB  - Fundamental clinical performance of a laboratory test can be described in terms
      of accuracy, or the ability to correctly classify subjects into clinically
      relevant subgroups. Accuracy refers to the quality of the information provided by
      the classification device and should be distinguished from the efficacy, or
      practical usefulness, of the information. Receiver operating characteristic
      curves provide a pure index of accuracy by demonstrating the limits of a test's
      ability to discriminate between alternative states of health over the complete
      spectrum of operating conditions. If analytical imprecision is removed from the
      data, the resulting receiver operating characteristic curve represents the
      inherent biological variation that ultimately limits the clinical accuracy of the
      test.

PMID- 3355339
TI  - Cholesterol measurements. Quality assurance and medical usefulness
      interrelationships.
AB  - This is a status report on cholesterol testing, using data from the College of
      American Pathologists Surveys program and Quality Assurance Service and the Lipid
      Research Clinics program. The clinical context for cholesterol testing is
      reviewed in order to develop a conceptual framework for analytic goals. Our
      analysis leads us to the following conclusions: First, the accuracy of
      cholesterol assays will be improved by using newly available reference material
      labeled by definitive methodology; this aspect of cholesterol testing is well
      monitored by proficiency testing. Tight goals for accuracy must await a consensus
      on the true value of test specimens. Second, long-term intralaboratory analytic
      variability, which is crucial in cholesterol testing, is well monitored by
      programs like the Quality Assurance Service, but not by proficiency testing. It
      is proposed that pathologists use realistic performance goals that incorporate a
      total error model and biologic variability.

PMID- 3355340
TI  - Proficiency testing of enzymes. Charting the way toward standardization.
AB  - Laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists Enzyme Survey
      (ES) and Comprehensive Chemistry Survey used diverse methods for the same
      analyte, resulting in a considerable range of values for the commonly performed
      enzyme measurements. Nevertheless, with the techniques developed for the ES, both
      the short-term (within-mailing) and long-term (between-mailings) coefficients of
      variation (CVs) can be determined. The ten-year experience of the ES has shown
      improvement in the short-term CV; however, long-term stability of enzyme testing
      requires more effort on the part of the instrument and reagent suppliers and
      participating laboratories. A reference material with an International Federation
      of Clinical Chemistry-established aspartate aminotransferase value, National
      Bureau of Standards RM 8430, is now available and was sent to three large peer
      groups as part of a special study. Correction of the results to the RM 8430
      aspartate aminotransferase value resulted in reducing the range of data from
      peers using the duPont aca but not from those using the American Monitor KDA or
      Technicon SMAC. Based on our experience with the ES, goals of 5% for the short
      term CV and 10% for the long-term CV are proposed; they are achievable by most
      laboratories and meet medical needs for biochemical screening. Fixed criteria for
      the evaluation of enzyme results appear to be appropriate given the way most
      enzyme data are used clinically.

PMID- 3355341
TI  - A nonparametric analysis method for evaluation of survey results. Application to
      ligand assay survey.
AB  - A nonparametric analysis method that does not depend on gaussian data
      distributions is proposed for evaluation of proficiency survey results. The
      proposed method also provides a mechanism for processing results qualitatively
      reported as "less than" or "greater than" pre-established limits of quantitation.
      The evaluation limits for acceptability are calculated to include the central 95%
      of all test results from all methods. Systematic differences in the levels of
      analyte concentrations caused by differences in analytical measurement systems
      are normalized by mathematically transforming the test results from each analytic
      method by dividing them by their method-specific group median. This nonparametric
      method was compared with the traditional mean +/- 2 SD limits using data
      collected for digoxin, free thyroxine, and quantitative chorionic gonadotropin
      measurement in the College of American Pathologists Ligand Assay Survey. The
      nonparametric method more accurately classified 5% of the results as
      "unacceptable." When more than 2.5% of the test results for a method were
      designated as "less than," no lower limit was used for evaluation and only 2.5%
      of results were classified as "unacceptably high." The current College of
      American Pathologists procedure favors analytical methods with larger
      coefficients of variation by setting wider limits of acceptability, while the
      proposed procedure favors methods with smaller coefficients of variation.

PMID- 3355342
TI  - The application of theoretical goals based on biological variation data in
      proficiency testing.
AB  - Proficiency testing schemes must define acceptable standards of performance. A
      number of strategies have been used to define acceptable standards, or analytical
      goals, for imprecision, but it does appear that the current widely held view is
      that imprecision (as SD or coefficient of variation) should be equal to or less
      than one half of the average intraindividual biological variation. Since the goal
      for inaccuracy is that results should be unbiased, the biological variation-based
      goals should be used for total laboratory error. Many data on the biological
      variation of a wide range of analytes now exist, which facilitates goal-setting.
      Current proficiency testing schemes generally analyze laboratory data using
      either a parametric statistical approach or empirical fixed limits of
      acceptability. The latter strategy appears to have advantages provided that the
      criteria of acceptability are the objective biological variation-based goals.

PMID- 3355343
TI  - Proposed goals for analytical precision and accuracy in single-point diagnostic
      testing. Theoretical basis and comparison with data from College of American
      Pathologists proficiency surveys.
AB  - Expressing total analytic variance as the sum of the squares of imprecision and
      inaccuracy, or bias, and applying the Cotlove rule recommended by the 1976
      College of American Pathologists Conference on Analytical Goals in Clinical
      Chemistry, namely, that analytic variance should be less than one fourth of the
      appropriate biological variance, I derive a rule for maximum allowable
      imprecision in the context of single-point diagnostic testing that takes into
      account the bias of the test procedure. This rule may be expressed in terms of a
      population-based reference range (in particular, the range of test results shown
      in a group of healthy individuals) and the bias of the test method. The latter is
      required not to exceed one eighth (0.125) of the reference range. These concepts
      are applied to eight common analytes for which estimates of the biases of
      specific methods and of within-laboratory imprecision have been published for
      large numbers of laboratories participating in recent College of American
      Pathologists proficiency surveys. Results indicate that some methods widely used
      in 1978 fail to meet the minimum accuracy criterion, while others show negligible
      bias. Even neglecting bias, more recent data show that average within-laboratory
      imprecision is still too high for sodium, chloride, and calcium but acceptable
      for potassium, glucose, cholesterol, urea, and uric acid.

PMID- 3355345
TI  - Ways of assessing quality goals for diagnostic tests in clinical situations.
AB  - Although clinical reasoning may be very complex, it is possible to evaluate the
      effects of analytical variability and error for an analyte in situations in which
      clinical decisions are mainly based on the results of quantitative measurements
      of the specific analytical component. The consequences, or the validating of
      these consequences, can then define the quality goals for the component in the
      clinical situation. Two situations are investigated: a bimodal situation, ie, a
      situation in which the component is used for classifying patients into diagnostic
      groups and the diagnosis can be confirmed; and a unimodal situation, in which the
      risk of later development of a certain disease increases with the concentration
      of the component. The bimodal situation is illustrated by the application of
      creatine kinase isoenzyme measurements in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarction and by measurement of blood thyroid-stimulating hormone in screening
      for congenital hypothyroidism. The unimodal situation is evaluated by serum
      cholesterol measurement results for identifying individuals at risk regarding
      ischemic coronary heart disease. It is shown that this system is extremely
      sensitive to the effects of analytical bias and imprecision. The evaluation of
      clinical consequences as caused by analytical bias and imprecision makes it
      possible to define goals for stable analytical performance and for the maximal
      tolerable unstable performance when the clinical application of the test is well
      known.

PMID- 3355344
TI  - A theoretical basis for clinically relevant proficiency testing evaluation
      limits. Sensitivity analysis of the effect of inherent test variability on
      acceptable method error.
AB  - The types and performance characteristics of the present rules for acceptance and
      rejection of quantitative results by proficiency testing agencies are reviewed.
      The rates of false acceptance and rejection by peer group evaluation are high
      when compared with explicit medical usefulness criteria. Accuracy-based target
      values and fixed limits provide the technologic basis for process control of
      interlaboratory accuracy, and their efficacy contrasts with that of peer limits.
      However, uniform criteria for result accuracy are also required. A clinical
      statistical model predicting the effect of method error on clinical diagnostic
      accuracy is proposed. A criterion is proposed for result accuracy defined in
      terms of uniform clinical benefit. The criterion specifies a fixed error limit
      for each type of application of a medical test that is appropriate for the
      inherent variability of the test application. Recent College of American
      Pathologists Survey experience with clinical fixed limits for allowable analytic
      error calculated by the model is presented.

PMID- 3355346
TI  - An evaluation of the ability of proficiency testing programs to determine
      intralaboratory performance. Peer group statistics vs clinical usefulness limits.
AB  - Proficiency testing programs use two basic approaches for evaluating participant
      performance: (1) state-of-the-art data based on the interlaboratory group mean
      and group SD, or the 1(2)s rule; and (2) fixed limits or assigned intervals
      around the true value. Our previously described computer model emulates the state
      of-the-art approach by simulating the performance of 401 laboratories in
      interlaboratory proficiency testing programs using the 1(2)s rule. The use of
      fixed limits to evaluate laboratory performance can be simulated by simple
      probability calculations. We compare the 1(2)s rule and fixed limits on the basis
      of their ability to identify actual intralaboratory performance correctly using
      efficiency. In both cases, the maximum efficiency never exceeds 91% and depends
      on population SD or fixed limit, specific requirements for medical usefulness,
      and the prevalence (10%) of poorly performing laboratories in the proficiency
      testing population. This calculation gives some insight into why neither of these
      approaches adequately differentiates between good and bad intralaboratory
      performance.

PMID- 3355347
TI  - Internal quality control, proficiency testing, and the clinical relevance of
      laboratory testing.
AB  - Estimates of instrument-specific analytical performance for measurement of four
      chemistry analytes (calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose) were derived
      from 21 quality control programs that utilized the College of American
      Pathologists Quality Assurance Service and from 12 College of American
      Pathologists Comprehensive Chemistry Survey sets. The quality control-derived
      estimates of analytical bias were larger and level-dependent when compared with
      the survey results. Possible explanations for these differences include "matrix
      effects" due to glycol stabilization of the control materials studied and analyst
      bias when testing survey specimens. A number of instruments from the Quality
      Assurance Service pools failed to meet the allowable analytical error goals for
      calcium and creatinine that serve as the basis for the "fixed limits" evaluation
      criteria of the survey program. The methods for glucose analysis met the
      prescribed evaluation limits. Cholesterol analyses need significant improvement
      to meet the analytical requirements of long-term testing of individuals.

PMID- 3355348
TI  - Multiprogram characterization of laboratory bias, precision, and total error.
      Proposal for improved assessment with shared external and expanded internal
      (regional) quality control pools.
AB  - We establish that, for the analytes aspartate aminotransferase, glucose,
      phosphorus, and potassium, there is significant correlation between laboratory
      performance as determined by College of American Pathologists-sponsored external
      (Surveys) and expanded internal (regional) quality control (Quality Assurance
      Service) programs. However, relatively low parametric and nonparametric
      correlation coefficients and significant departure of linear regression slopes
      from unity reflect major differences in the calculated parameters of absolute
      bias, precision, and total error obtained through internal and external quality
      control. Significantly better performance in both Surveys and the Quality
      Assurance Service was documented for laboratories participating in the College of
      American Pathologists Laboratory Accreditation Program. Multiple descriptors of
      laboratory quality, as indicated here, are superior in describing laboratory
      performance to proficiency testing alone. As a bridge between external and
      internal quality control, shared pools of quality control materials are described
      for use as unknown Survey challenges and subsequent distribution for regional
      quality control. Such programs, which can be configured to serve thousands of
      laboratories, could offer cost savings, better quality assurance, and improved
      characterization of laboratory performance by minimizing interprogram differences
      in control matrix and method classification and providing greater reliability of
      target values.

PMID- 3355349
TI  - A statistical procedure for measuring and evaluating performance in
      interlaboratory comparison programs.
AB  - There are scientific and regulatory needs to measure individual laboratory
      performance on a series of challenges, for single analytes and for all analytes
      in a particular discipline. Because these needs must be met with a very limited
      amount of information, optimal statistics should be used to measure performance.
      Since punitive action could result from poor performance, there should be precise
      quantitative goals that can be measured directly with the performance statistic.
      Finally, it is important to limit the likelihood of falsely penalizing a
      laboratory, since the large majority of laboratories are not in need of
      regulatory action. A statistic is described that measures individual performance
      on quantitative interlaboratory proficiency tests. This statistic is based on
      actual error relative to the amount of error that is tolerable. It can be
      accumulated over several challenges (specimens tested as unknowns) to give an
      estimate of a participant's performance level for that analyte. It can also be
      accumulated across analytes to give scores for Survey mailings or for accumulated
      performance. Because the statistic measures error, it contains more information
      than does the percentage of acceptable results, and therefore has greater power
      to detect poor performance. The distribution of the statistic is described and
      tested for validity. Then, a procedure is presented to evaluate laboratories
      relative to a performance goal. The entire procedure is then tested with recent
      College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey data.

PMID- 3355350
TI  - College of American Pathologists Conference XIII on the evaluation of proficiency
      testing results for quantitative methods in relation to clinical usefulness:
      concluding remarks.

PMID- 3355351
TI  - On the resurrection of "spa" medicine.

PMID- 3355352
TI  - John Stanley Coulter lecture. Assumptions in rehabilitation medicine.

PMID- 3355353
TI  - Visual push: a sensitive measure of dynamic balance in man.
AB  - Forty-six subjects aged 17 to 79 years who had not fallen in the previous year
      were exposed to an illusory visual stimulus while they stood on a force platform,
      with or without the introduction of a polyurethane foam pad under their feet to
      reduce proprioception. The amplitude of sway obtained in this way was not
      correlated to age, but the sway path in the anteroposterior plane increased
      logarithmically with increase in age. The method proved to be more sensitive than
      similar measures obtained without the illusory visual stimulus.

PMID- 3355354
TI  - Balance function in elderly people who have and who have not fallen.
AB  - Balance function was measured by a "visual push" method in three groups of
      subjects aged 65 and over. These groups were comprised of 27 "recent fallers" who
      had fractured their wrists, 15 subjects who had fallen at least once in the
      previous year although not recently ("remote fallers"), and 20 subjects who had
      not fallen in the previous year ("nonfallers"). Subjects who had fallen recently
      or remotely had significantly more sway on illusory visual stimulation than
      subjects who had not fallen. The "visual push" test of balance may be capable of
      distinguishing between elderly people who are and who are not at enhanced risk of
      falling.

PMID- 3355355
TI  - Mechanical and anatomic hip flexion angles on seating children with cerebral
      palsy.
AB  - This study measured anatomic hip flexion angles (AHFAs) at specific and known
      mechanical hip flexion angles (MHFAs) (ie, seat-to-back angles) in order to
      determine the relationship between the two in the seated position. Six able
      bodied children and 12 children with cerebral palsy were placed in eight
      different MHFA positions while AHFA was simultaneously measured. It was found
      that, although related, the hip flexion angle and the angle between the backrest
      and seat surface are not equal in most seated positions. The difference between
      AHFA and MHFA was greater in the children with cerebral palsy than in the able
      bodied. The hip flexion angle of the child in the seated position should not be
      described as the angle between the backrest and seat surface or the angle of
      inclination of the backrest.

PMID- 3355356
TI  - Light resistance and stretching exercise in elderly women: effect upon
      flexibility.
AB  - Decreased range of motion (ROM) due to disuse limits the older adult's ability to
      perform daily activities. The flexibility of five joints of 46 women (aged 65 to
      89 years) was measured by goniometer before and after a 25-week exercise program.
      Three groups were formed: a control group who did no exercise (C) (n = 13), a
      group who exercised with light weights (EW) (n = 17), and a group who exercised
      with no weights (EN) (n = 16). Subjects who exercised (EN and EW) gained
      significantly greater ROM in ankle plantar flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder
      abduction, and left neck rotation than C subjects. No significant differences
      were found between groups in hip flexion, right neck rotation, wrist flexion or
      extension, or ankle dorsiflexion. The only difference between exercise treatments
      was that the EN group gained significantly more ROM in shoulder abduction than
      the EW. The use of arm weights may have limited shoulder ROM during exercise,
      resulting in less improvement for shoulder abduction. Comparison with data from
      other studies suggests age-related loss in flexibility at the shoulder joint.
      Exercise generally increased shoulder ROM and may be capable of reversing loss in
      flexibility due to disuse.

PMID- 3355358
TI  - Isokinetic strength training protocols: do they induce skeletal muscle fiber
      hypertrophy?
AB  - Sedentary subjects were submitted to repeated concentric isokinetic strength
      training protocols separated by a 50-day detraining period. Peak torque output of
      the quadriceps muscle group increased by 54% after the first ten-week training
      protocol. No significant changes in mean skeletal muscle fiber area were observed
      while a significant increase in percent fiber type and percent fiber area was
      noticed for type IIa fibers. The activities of the enzymes hexokinase, malate
      dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
      were also increased significantly. Fifty days without training induced a
      significant decline in peak torque output. All the enzymes that responded to the
      first training protocol maintained their elevated activities over the detraining
      period except for the enzyme oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. A second training
      protocol administered to the same subjects following the 50-day inactivity period
      did not result in any significant increase in maximum torque output and fiber
      area. It is concluded that the isokinetic strength training protocol used can
      increase the functional capacity of skeletal muscle, but this effect does not
      appear to be related to skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy.

PMID- 3355357
TI  - Light resistance and stretching exercise in elderly women: effect upon strength.
AB  - Forty-seven elderly women (63 to 88 years of age, mean = 71 years) were studied
      to determine the effect of a 25-week light resistance and aerobic exercise
      program upon arm and leg strength. Three groups were formed: nonexercising
      controls (C, n = 12), exercise (EN, n = 18) and exercise with light weights on on
      the wrists and ankles (EW, n = 17). Exercise was performed for one hour, three
      times/week. Subjects were pretested and posttested for maximal isokinetic muscle
      strength (angular velocity 60 degrees/sec) for elbow flexion and extension,
      shoulder internal and external rotation, and knee flexion and extension. Dunn
      planned contrasts were used to compare C vs exercise groups combined (EN + EW)
      and EN vs EW. No significant differences were found among groups at baseline. EN
      + EW improved significantly (p less than 0.05) more than C in elbow extension
      (17%), shoulder internal rotation (14%), shoulder external rotation (9%), and
      knee flexion (20%). No significant differences were found between EN and EW.
      These data indicate that elderly women can achieve substantial gains in the
      strength of arm and leg musculature as a result of regular light resistance and
      aerobic exercise, but that the use of light weights on the wrists and ankles for
      added resistance did not enhance this effect.

PMID- 3355359
TI  - Neurogenic true hypertrophy of one calf and atrophy of the other.
AB  - Unilateral calf hypertrophy has been described in association with a variety of
      conditions. Bilateral neurogenic leg weakness with muscle wasting on one side and
      true hypertrophy on the other, however, has rarely been described. We report a 37
      year-old heroin and alcohol abuser with a three-year history of weakness of the
      left leg and progressive enlargement of the right calf. Computed tomography of
      the right calf confirmed the presence of true hypertrophy. Electromyography
      showed denervation in the muscles of both legs. Nerve conduction studies were
      indicative of peripheral neuropathy. Biopsy of the gastrocnemius muscles revealed
      the presence of neurogenic atrophy on both sides, with marked hypertrophy and
      splitting of individual muscle fibers on the right. To our knowledge, this is
      only the second recorded case showing both muscle atrophy and muscle hypertrophy
      in response to denervation.

PMID- 3355360
TI  - Diffuse positive waves: case report.
AB  - Positive sharp waves occur in a variety of neurogenic, myogenic, and metabolic
      disorders. Although not synonymous with denervation, their presence is usually
      associated with some type of pathology. The authors found only one reported
      series of patients who had diffuse insertional positive waves but no demonstrable
      underlying disease. There were no follow-up reports and no other cases have been
      described. A patient is reported with diffuse insertional positive waves. He has
      been followed for over three years, remaining clinically normal. No electrolyte
      or metabolic abnormalities have been found. Two of the patient's four children
      showed normal results to limited EMG screening. This syndrome may represent an
      intrinsic defect in the muscle fiber cell membrane which makes it inherently
      unstable. It may also represent a form of myotonia; however, no evidence of that
      disease was found in this patient. This defect, which can only be detected by
      needle EMG, has so far not been associated with any neuromuscular deficit.

PMID- 3355361
TI  - The current status of American health resorts.

PMID- 3355362
TI  - Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide-derivatives in the non-human primate
      Callithrix jacchus. I. Effects of 3-(1,3-dihydro-1-oxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-2,6
      dioxopiperidine (EM12) on skeletal development.
AB  - The response of pregnant marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to the thalidomide
      derivative EM 12 was evaluated. EM 12 was selected for these studies because it
      is more active than thalidomide and is much more stable for hydrolysis. Skeletal
      gross structural abnormalities were observed when EM 12 was given to marmosets
      for 3-7 days during the period between days 49 and 60 post ovulation. Using the
      treatment schedule finally adapted in our laboratory, i.e. treatment during days
      51-57 post ovulation, doses of 5 (or 10) mg EM 12/kg body wt induced the typical
      limb abnormalities known from man with an 80-100% certainty. In some animals we
      could observe the typical pattern of abnormalities even with doses as low as 1 mg
      EM 12/kg body wt. Abnormalities of the skeleton induced during this sensitive
      period are described. None of these (except some bifurcations of ribs) were seen
      in any of the ten litters (23 fetuses) serving as controls during the period of
      the study.

PMID- 3355364
TI  - Toxicokinetics of parathion in the rabbit.
AB  - The plasma kinetics of parathion were studied in rabbits after i.v.
      administration of a dose of 1.5 mg/kg and oral administration of 3 mg/kg. The
      time course of parathion plasma levels administered intravenously followed a
      three-compartment kinetic model statistically, whereas when administration was
      oral, the optimum kinetic model proved to be two-compartmental. The process of
      the absorption of parathion is very fast with a mean value for the absorption
      constant (ka) of 33 +/- 15.41 h-1. The slow disposition half-lives for i.v. and
      oral administration had mean values of 5.08 +/- 3.08 and 1.08 +/- 0.27 h,
      respectively. From the values established for the parameters defining the
      distribution process the wide accessibility of parathion to the different body
      organs and tissues may be seen. Although the compound has a high elimination
      constant, this process is not limiting to distribution.

PMID- 3355363
TI  - Embryotoxic effects of thalidomide derivatives in the non-human primate
      Callithrix jacchus. II. Elucidation of the susceptible period and of the
      variability of embryonic stages.
AB  - Data are presented on the normal intra- and inter-litter variability of the
      embryonic stages in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) on day 56 of
      pregnancy. The embryology of the marmoset is described with respect to the
      susceptible period for the teratogenic action of thalidomide.

PMID- 3355365
TI  - Difference in metabolic profile of potassium canrenoate and spironolactone in the
      rat: mutagenic metabolites unique to potassium canrenoate.
AB  - The metabolic fates of potassium canrenoate (PC) and spironolactone (SP) were
      compared for the rat in vivo and in vitro. Approximately 18% of an in vivo dose
      of SP was metabolized to canrenone (CAN) and related compounds in the rat. In
      vitro, 20-30% of SP was dethioacetylated to CAN and its metabolites by rat liver
      9000 g supernatant (S9). Thus, the major route of SP metabolism is via pathways
      that retain the sulfur moiety in the molecule. PC was metabolized by rat hepatic
      S9 to 6 alpha, 7 alpha- and 6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-CAN. The beta-epoxide was
      further metabolized to its 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxy derivatives as well as its
      glutathione (GSH) conjugate. Both 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxy-6 beta, 7 beta
      epoxy-CAN were shown to be direct acting mutagens in the mouse lymphoma assay,
      whereas 6 alpha, 7 alpha- and 6 beta, 7 beta-epoxy-CAN were not. These mutagenic
      metabolites, their precursor epoxides and their GSH conjugates were not formed
      from SP under identical conditions. The above findings appear to be due to
      inhibition of metabolism of CAN formed from SP by SP and/or its S-containing
      metabolites, since the in vitro metabolism of PC by rat hepatic microsomes was
      appreciably reduced in the presence of SP. The hypothesized mechanism(s) for this
      inhibition is that SP and its S-containing metabolites specifically inhibit an
      isozyme of hepatic cytochrome P-450 or SP is a preferred substrate over PC/CAN
      for the metabolizing enzymes. Absence of the CAN epoxide pathway in the
      metabolism of SP provides a possible explanation for the observed differences in
      the toxicological profiles of the two compounds.

PMID- 3355367
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in isolated type II pneumocytes from ozone-exposed
      rats.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis by alveolar type II cells, as an indicator for
      the production of pulmonary surfactant, was studied after a 4-h exposure of rats
      to 4 mg ozone/m3 (2 ppm). Lung ravage fluid analysis after exposure revealed
      significant increases in proteins, which is indicative for pulmonary injury. When
      type II cells were isolated immediately and thereafter cultured for 20 h, the
      rate of PC synthesis in cells derived from ozone-exposed rats was not
      significantly different from that in cells from unexposed controls. Yet, a
      decreased rate of PC synthesis was observed when these cells were subsequently
      exposed to ozone in vitro. The activity of the enzyme glycerolphosphate
      acyltransferase (GPAT) was slightly enhanced in cultured type II cells isolated
      from ozone-exposed rats, while the lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase
      (LPCAT) activity was unchanged. However, ozone exposure of rats did result in a
      significant decrease of PC synthesis when measured in freshly prepared type II
      cell suspensions, although both GPAT and LPCAT activities were not affected. It
      is concluded that a decrease in pulmonary surfactant related PC synthesis after
      ozone exposure of rats can be demonstrated in freshly isolated type II
      pneumocytes. Cultured type II cells from exposed rats lack this effect and are
      therefore less useful to study changes in phospholipid biosynthesis after in vivo
      ozone exposure. The data on in vitro ozone exposure of cultured type II cells,
      however, support the view that ozone may impair pulmonary surfactant production.

PMID- 3355366
TI  - Organ specific metabolic activation of five extracts of indoor and outdoor
      particulate matter.
AB  - In this study liver and lung homogenates of untreated and Aroclor 1254-pretreated
      rats (Wistar) and mice (Swiss) were compared for their P-450 content and their
      capacity to activate extracts of airborne particulate matter, sampled indoors and
      outdoors. Results show that in addition to liver, lung homogenates of rat
      (Wistar) and mouse (Swiss) are also able to activate extracts of airborne
      particulate matter in a comparative way. Uninduced liver and lung homogenates
      showed only minor differences in activation capacity in the metabolism of
      airborne particles. In contrast to liver homogenates, Aroclor 1254 pretreatment
      of test animals did not give strong induction of metabolic activation capacity of
      lung homogenates. P-450 content was observed in all liver and lung homogenates of
      mouse and rat and in human lung homogenates. The results obtained in this study
      suggest that the respiratory tract may be an important site for in vivo
      bioactivation of respirable particles.

PMID- 3355369
TI  - Dermal toxicity of Fusarium toxins in combinations.
AB  - T 2 toxin (T 2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon X (FX) and butenolide (Bd)
      at concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 5 and 10 micrograms/site, respectively, were
      applied individually and in combinations on shaved skin of guinea pigs. Erythema
      and induration were observed on skin patches treated with the toxins. Increase in
      the thickness of stratum malpighii was the major histological change observed.
      Mild to moderate degeneration of fibrocytes and cellular infiltration were found
      in the corium of skin treated with FX, Bd, DAS and T 2. The order of toxicity of
      individual toxins was T 2 greater than DAS greater than FX greater than Bd.
      Combinations of T 2 + FX and T 2 + Bd resulted in antagonism, while DAS + FX and
      DAS + Bd caused synergism.

PMID- 3355368
TI  - The effects of n-butanol vapour on respiratory rate and tidal volume.
AB  - Exposure to n-butanol vapour gave rise to a sensory irritation response which was
      measured by the reflexively induced decrease in respiratory rate in mice
      according to the American standard method (E981-84). The response reached maximum
      within the 1st min of exposure. In this period the expected threshold response
      (RD-0) and the concentration expected to depress the respiratory rate by 50% (RD
      50) were extrapolated to be 233 ppm and 11,696 ppm, respectively. The response
      followed the dynamics of a bimolecular reaction between butanol and the sensory
      irritant receptor. For concentrations below 3000 ppm, the response faded due to
      desensitization. However, concentrations above 3000 ppm gave rise to a new
      decrease in respiratory rate due to activation of lung receptors. Two types of
      lung receptors, probably J-receptors and stretch receptors, were involved. The
      sensory irritation response measured by the standard method gave a threshold
      response which was comparable to that found by electrophysiological experiments
      in rats. The irritation response in man as well as the maximum allowable
      concentration in the working environment were adequately predicted from the
      sensory irritation response in mice.

PMID- 3355370
TI  - Selective GC/MS analysis of 7-(2'-oxoethyl)guanine in the presence of 7-(2'
      hydroxyethyl)guanine by oximation.

PMID- 3355371
TI  - Effect of recombinant mouse interferon-beta on acute and latent herpes simplex
      infection in mice.
AB  - The antiviral effect of recombinant mouse interferon-beta (rMuIFN-beta) on herpes
      simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in experimentally infected mice was examined at
      several stages of infection as a model for the treatment of human HSV infection.
      Recombinant MuIFN-beta protected mice from lethal intraperitoneal challenge with
      virulent HSV-1 strains. The in vitro reactivation of HSV from latently infected
      trigeminal ganglia was also suppressed by treatment with rMuIFN-beta. Thus,
      rMuIFN-beta was effective against HSV-1 during acute infection and during in
      vitro reactivation of latent HSV. However, rMuIFN-beta was not effective in
      preventing the establishment of latent infection, or in eliminating a previously
      established latent infection.

PMID- 3355372
TI  - Exposure of Semliki Forest virus-infected baby hamster kidney cells to low pH
      leads to a proton influx and a rapid depletion of intracellular ATP which in turn
      prevents cell-cell fusion. Brief report.
AB  - The conditions needed to trigger Semliki Forest virus (SFV) induced cell-cell
      fusion from within (FFWI) of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells differs from some
      other cells (e.g., Aedes albopictus cells). In contrast to such cells it is
      mandatory for BHK cells to be brought back to a neutral pH after a short exposure
      to mildly acidic pH for fusion to occur. This phenomenon can be explained by a
      sudden drop of the intracellular pH observed after clamping the extracellular pH
      below 6.2--the pH required to trigger fusion--and by the thereby implied
      increased expenditure of ATP. Since the fusion from within of SFV-infected cells
      is energy dependent [Kempf et al. (1987) Arch Virol 95: 111-122] the fusion
      process is blocked due to the ATP depletion.

PMID- 3355373
TI  - Studies on human immunodeficiency virus-induced cytopathic effects: use of human
      rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells.
AB  - A full-length molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proviral DNA
      was transferred to human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells by gene transfer method. RD
      cells released infectious virus within 12 hours after transfection and the viral
      particles present in the culture medium could be quantitated by monitoring
      reverse transcriptase activity. Chronic low level viral producer cell lines of RD
      were also established. Southern hybridization analysis revealed the presence of
      HIV sequences in transfected RD cells. Electron microscopic studies of the
      transfected cell revealed intracellular budding of HIV and also showed structural
      abnormalities such as giant cell phenotype and vacuolation. These features
      qualify RD cells as a useful system for studying the regulation and cytopathic
      effects of HIV.

PMID- 3355374
TI  - Experimental Rift Valley fever in rhesus macaques.
AB  - Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality in
      endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa and has the potential to cause epidemic
      disease in receptive areas world-wide. In this study, a RVF viral isolate from
      the 1977 Egyptian epidemic (ZH-501) inoculated intravenously into rhesus macaques
      caused a benign viremic infection in most, but resulted in the hemorrhagic fever
      syndrome in 20 per cent (3 of 15). Serious disease of this type has not
      previously been observed in nonhuman primates inoculated with RVF virus and may
      be a consequence of the viral strain used or the route of inoculation. Severe
      disease was accompanied by extensive liver necrosis, disseminated intravascular
      coagulation, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. We also attempted to prevent
      RVF by passive transfer of serum from vaccinated rhesus monkeys (plaque-reduction
      neutralization test titer 1:2,560). As little as 0.025 ml/kg prevented the
      development of viremia in naive rhesus monkeys after subcutaneous inoculation of
      virus. The monkey model should be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and
      prevention of human RVF.

PMID- 3355375
TI  - Antiviral activity of a synthetic analog of prostaglandin A in mice infected with
      influenza A virus.
AB  - We have previously shown that prostaglandins of the A series potently inhibit
      virus replication in several virus-host systems in vitro. In the present report
      we have studied the effect of a long-acting synthetic analog of PGA, 16,16
      dimethyl-PGA2(Di-M-PGA2), on virus infection in vivo, using as a model Balb/c
      mice infected with influenza A (PR8) virus. Depending upon the dose of viral
      inoculum, PR8 virus caused the death of 50 to 100% of the animals in a period of
      8-20 days. Di-M-PGA2-treatment significantly increased mouse survival by an
      average of 40%, independently of the dose of inoculum and the age of the animals.
      The fact that Di-M-PGA2-treatment decreased virus titers in the lungs and did not
      alter the host immune response, suggested that PGA's therapeutic action was due
      to suppression of virus replication. Finally, two anti-inflammatory compounds,
      which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, aspirin and indomethacin, were shown not
      to significantly alter mouse survival in this system.

PMID- 3355376
TI  - Acid-labile human interferon alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells stimulated by HIV-infected cells.
AB  - We compared the properties of interferon (IFN) induced in peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC) by free infectious HIV to that induced by HIV-infected
      cells fixed with glutaraldehyde. While the IFN induced by HIV was a conventional
      IFN alpha, the IFN induced by HIV-infected cells, although sharing with IFN alpha
      both antigenic properties and molecular weight, was strongly inactivated by
      treatment at pH lower than 4. The ability to induce acid-labile IFN alpha was
      exerted both by the chronically-infected cell line H9/HIV and by normal PBMC
      infected in vitro with HIV, while infection of inducers cells with viruses other
      than HIV made these cells capable of inducing only acid-stable IFN alpha. The
      cell involved in the production of this type of IFN seems to be B-lymphocyte.
      Because the presence of acid-labile IFN alpha in the serum of AIDS patients has
      been described, we suggest that this unusual IFN derives from interaction between
      circulating B-lymphocytes and the HIV-infected cells.

PMID- 3355377
TI  - Plasma lipids and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in maternal and umbilical
      vessels in twin pregnancies.
AB  - Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), Unesterified
      cholesterol (UC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were measured in
      30 plasmas from twin pregnant women and their newborns, and 60 maternal single
      infant pairs. Blood samples were obtained simultaneously from maternal vein,
      umbilical artery and umbilical vein at the moment of partum. TG from twin
      pregnant mothers was much higher and HDL-C lower than that from single pregnant
      maternal plasma TC, TG and PL in umbilical cord vessels showed no differences
      between twin and single newborns. There was a weak, but statistically
      significant, positive correlation between maternal and fetal levels of PL in both
      groups. A high difference between TC, TG and PL in umbilical venous and umbilical
      arterial plasma was found These data suggest that some fetal lipid moieties
      derived from maternal plasma. But data about fetal body composition indicate that
      contribution of maternal lipids to the fetus is of small quantitative importance.

PMID- 3355378
TI  - Vasorelaxant effect of parathyroid hormone on isolated segments of porcine
      coronary artery.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone and it's aminoterminal 1-34 fragment, PTH-(1-34), are potent
      vasodilators of the coronary circulation in vivo. In order to fully characterize
      the mechanism of this effect on coronary vascular resistance, it was necessary to
      determine whether isolated coronary arteries would respond to the action of PTH
      (1-34) in vitro. Porcine coronary arteries were cut into cylindrical segments,
      mounted in a muscle bath containing physiological salt solution, and
      precontracted with prostaglandin F2. After obtaining stable contractions, PTH-(1
      34) was added over the dose range of 10(-10)-10(-7) M. The results showed that
      PTH-(1-34) produced a dose-dependent vasorelaxation of the coronary segments. A
      statistically significant relaxation was obtained at a concentration of 10(-10)
      M. The near-maximal relaxation was 77% with respect to control values. Thus, it
      has been shown for the first time that PTH-(1-34) relaxes precontracted coronary
      arteries in vitro, a finding which was consistent with the potent vasodilator
      action of the polypeptide hormone in vivo.

PMID- 3355379
TI  - High density lipoprotein free cholesterol in men and women.

PMID- 3355380
TI  - Vascular access for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in infants and young
      children.
AB  - The blood flow through the hemofilter device is the key point for ultrafiltrate
      production during continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. It mainly depends on
      arteriovenous pressure gradient and vascular access, which is the major problem
      for arteriovenous hemofiltration in infants and small children. In infants, we
      inserted short 18-20 gauge catheters into the radial or brachial artery and the
      internal jugular vein and achieved mean blood flow and ultrafiltration rates of
      6.5 +/- 2.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/min, respectively. In small children, we placed 4
      or 5 French catheters into the femoral vessels, and achieved mean blood flow and
      ultrafiltration rates ranging from 18.5 to 63.6 and 1.9 to 6.9 ml/min,
      respectively. The only catheter-related complication was a femoral artery
      thrombosis, which needed surgical revision. These results show that vascular
      access for arteriovenous hemofiltration in infants and small children provides
      sufficient blood flow through the device for ultrafiltrate production.

PMID- 3355381
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis with amino acid solutions: fluid and solute transport
      kinetics.

PMID- 3355382
TI  - Hemofiltration and plasmapheresis in premature infants and newborns.
AB  - Extracorporal detoxication methods in newborns are most unavailable,
      contraindicated because of technical problems. Herein are reported the
      experiences with a blood pump unit that was miniaturized for hemodialysis,
      hemofiltration, and plasmapheresis in newborns. In three premature infants with
      acute renal failure of different etiology (two newborns with severe Rh
      erythroblastosis, 1 premature infant with hypoproteinemia) 13 single-needle
      hemofiltrations and 6 single-needle plasmaphereses were performed with double
      head pump, special tube systems, and small modules. The age of the patients
      ranged from 1 to 14 days, body weight was between 800 and 2,800 g. Four umbilical
      veins and two femoral veins were used as vascular access. The ultrafiltration
      rate during the treatment averaged 0.3 ml/min in single-needle hemofiltration and
      the plasma filtrate flow rate 1.3 ml/min in single-needle plasmapheresis. All
      treatments were well tolerated. Four patients died due to complications unrelated
      to the treatment, two patients recovered. These preliminary results show that
      both hemofiltration and plasmapheresis may be carried out without major problems
      in premature infants and newborns.

PMID- 3355383
TI  - Percutaneous access devices in calves receiving an artificial heart.
AB  - Vegetative endocarditis and thromboembolism are the two leading pathologic
      findings and causes of death in calves receiving total artificial hearts (TAH).
      Percutaneous access devices (PAD) for the pneumatic drive lines often become
      infected and may serve as the nidus of infection of the vegetative lesions.
      Observations of 80 calves living with TAHs revealed that most infections began at
      the dorsal surface of the PAD. Chronic skin ulceration or acute, traumatic
      avulsion can result in PAD separation from the skin and bacterial implantation.
      Evaluation of 58 necropsy specimens from calves with TAHs demonstrated improper
      flange positioning in 76% of the PAD and gross infection in 57%. A new
      implantation technique and design of PAD have resulted in better flange position
      and less irritation at the skin/device interface. Necropsies of 11 animals with
      the new PAD have shown a reduction in superficial infections.

PMID- 3355384
TI  - Coronary vascular actions of stroma-free hemoglobin preparations.
AB  - The left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated in anesthetized, open
      chest dogs for use as a coronary test bed to assess the coronary vascular actions
      of oxygenated, unmodified and pyridoxylated, partially cross-linked
      (polymerized), stroma-free hemoglobin solutions (SFHS). The actions of these
      SFHSs were assessed in this test bed, by comparison with perfusion with whole
      blood. Unmodified SFHS caused significant vasoconstriction, whereas
      pyridoxylated, partially polymerized SFHS did not do so. The existing coronary
      flow during perfusion with either SFHS preparation, under basal conditions, did
      not increase during intracoronary infusion of adenosine. Coronary flow
      autoregulation was also altered during perfusion with either SFHS, because the
      "normal" reactive hyperemia response, observed in the control experiments, was
      not seen. These findings suggest that both unmodified and pyridoxylated cross
      linked (70% polymers) hemoglobin preparations possess some vascular activity when
      tested in the canine coronary circulation.

PMID- 3355386
TI  - Effect of right ventricular bypass peak flow-rate on intrapulmonary shunt ratio.
AB  - The effect of total right ventricular bypass peak flow-rate on the intrapulmonary
      shunt ratio was quantitatively investigated in animal tests. To give variations
      in the peak flow-rate (from pulsatile to intermediate to non-pulsatile), three
      types of blood pump (piston-bellows, screw, and centrifugal) were applied to
      dogs. The intrapulmonary shunt ratio was calculated from blood oxygen content
      drawn every 30 min from the outlet of the right ventricular bypass pump and from
      the femoral artery, while the canine lung was ventilated with 100% oxygen gas by
      an artificial respirator. The results show that when the intrapulmonary shunt
      ratio ranged between 0.095 and 0.392 there is no clear relation to the peak-flow
      rate index (which varied from 1.1-17.0 l min-1 m-2) over the preceding 30 min.
      This study demonstrates that the intrapulmonary shunt ratio is able to be kept
      within the range of control values for 6 h even with a peak-flow-rate index of
      less than 4.0 l min-1 m-2.

PMID- 3355385
TI  - Effect of drive mode of left ventricular assist device on the left ventricular
      mechanics.
AB  - Pneumatically driven left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were acutely
      implanted between the left atria and the descending aortas of dogs, and were
      driven in five pumping modes: electrocardiogram synchronous modes with the duty
      factors of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1, and asynchronous modes with the pulse rates of 60
      and 80 beats/min (bpm). The ventricular diameter and myocardial segment length
      were measured by an ultrasonic displacement meter and implantable miniature
      sensors. Bulk mechanical work of the left ventricle and regional mechanical work
      of the myocardium were calculated from these dimensions and the left ventricular
      pressure. LVAD reduced the bulk mechanical work of the left ventricle by 30-50%
      and the regional work by 30-60%. The mean aortic pressure and the total flow (=
      aortic flow + pump bypass flow) were highest in the 1:1 synchronous pumping mode,
      which indicates that this mode is most effective to maintain the systemic
      circulation and coronary blood flow. Asynchronous pumping and synchronous pumping
      with 2:1 duty factor were most useful to reduce the mechanical work of the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 3355387
TI  - Optimal dimensions of capillary membranes for plasma separation.
AB  - The work presented in this article examines the relationship between the efficacy
      of the design (membrane consumption) and the design parameters for plasma
      separation modules. A computer simulation program for the design of hollow fiber
      modules was developed. It is based on a formula for filtrate flux prediction by
      Jaffrin. The limiting conditions set by red and white blood cell lysis are also
      taken into account. The results show that membrane area consumption is strictly
      related to the internal hollow fiber diameter. Low-efficiency devices (low
      infiltrate flux) can be designed nearly optimally, using 330-micron fibers. On
      the other hand, for high-efficiency devices, our model predicts lowest membrane
      consumption and, therefore, lowest costs using 220-micron fiber diameter.
      Furthermore, the results demonstrate that shear rates in commercially available
      plasma filters are too low.

PMID- 3355388
TI  - Titanium catheter tip for peritoneovenous shunts.
AB  - Early obstruction of the venous tubing is a frequent complication after
      peritoneovenous (PV) shunting for ascites in cirrhosis and results in a high
      incidence of shunt failure. A titanium catheter tip, developed because of this
      material's thromboresistance, was employed in 13 consecutive cirrhotic patients
      receiving a LeVeen shunt for intractable ascites. While the mean interval before
      shunt occlusion was 4 +/- 3 months in our previous studies, none of the patients
      in the present series had venous catheter occlusion during follow-up, which
      averaged 8 +/- 2 months. The use of titanium in the venous tubing of PV shunts
      may significantly prolong the patency and function of these devices.

PMID- 3355389
TI  - Method of formation of artificial organ components using a plastic dispenser
      system manipulated by a robot.
AB  - In order to produce an artificial organ component having a complicated structure,
      a plastic-forming method was proposed in which small amounts of material were
      accumulated successively by using a dispenser system manipulated by a robot; a
      preliminary experiment with silicone rubber was conducted. Components of
      different shapes were produced, including straight tubes, tapered tubes,
      bifurcating tubes, tubes having leaflets on the inside, cones, spiral tubes, and
      tubes with a sack. This method provides the possibility of producing complicated
      artificial organ components, which are difficult to produce by conventional
      plastic-processing methods.

PMID- 3355390
TI  - Microcirculation and artificial heart research.
AB  - Small blood vessels may play a more important role in artificial heart (AH)
      recipients than ever suspected before. Observations of elevated total peripheral
      resistance, low hematocrit, reduced oncotic pressure, high circulating blood
      volume, and arterial pulsations with nonpulsatile devices require consideration
      of peripheral vascular control mechanisms. Establishment of microcirculatory
      parameters could help in adapting cardiac output to different metabolic states.
      AH research offers the opportunity to evaluate pure microvascular effects of
      drugs without any cardiac influences. Furthermore, drugs could be developed to
      alter microvascular and hence, hemodynamic conditions in patients with AH.
      However, further development of microcirculatory techniques is imperative in
      order to examine small blood vessels in large animals or patients.

PMID- 3355392
TI  - Zinc therapy as the initial treatment for Wilson's disease.

PMID- 3355391
TI  - The tenth Hastings lecture. Experiences and practical considerations for the
      future of artificial hearts and of mankind.

PMID- 3355393
TI  - Humeropelviperoneal muscular dystrophy with contractures: a genetically
      heterogeneous phenotype.

PMID- 3355394
TI  - A community-based study of parental age in Alzheimer-type dementia in western
      Japan.

PMID- 3355395
TI  - Periventricular and subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging.
      'Rims, caps, and unidentified bright objects'.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging hyper-intensities were classified as periventricular
      rim, caps, and unidentified bright objects (UBOs). These were quantitated in 100
      acute stroke and 23 hemorrhage patients and 59 control subjects selected from 590
      consecutive scans. The rims, caps, and ventricular size were rated on a scale
      from 0 to 3 for severity, and the UBOs were counted. The results indicated that
      the rim is also frequent in control subjects and increases with age. Unidentified
      bright objects, caps, and severe rims usually signify pathology, occurring much
      more frequently in patients with strokes and hemorrhages than in control
      subjects. Hypertension is a significant risk factor in UBOs and caps, but in
      rims, the incidence of diabetes is higher. The clinical and pathologic
      significance of these hyperintensities and their relationship to Binswanger's
      disease, lacunar state, and "etat crible" is discussed.

PMID- 3355396
TI  - Age-related differences in computed tomographic scan measurements.
AB  - Seventy-nine healthy men ranging in age from 31 to 87 years underwent a computed
      tomographic (CT) scan and were administered a neuropsychologic test battery.
      Midventricular, high ventricular, and supraventricular CT slices were analyzed
      for each individual. Computerized techniques calculated the percent of fluid
      volume and the mean CT density for each slice. The mean CT density of a standard
      tissue sample was also evaluated. The results suggest that fluid volume at the
      level of the ventricles is fairly stable until individuals are in their 60s, when
      a dramatic increase occurs. The percent of fluid volume above the level of the
      ventricles appears to increase slightly the ventricles appears to increase
      slightly in the 50s and then level off. Whole slice mean CT density numbers
      decreased in a linear fashion with increasing age, but the mean CT density of a
      standard tissue sample did not. A discriminant function derived from the CT
      measures was significantly correlated with a discriminant function derived from
      the neuropsychologic test battery. Findings based on subjects whose health status
      has been less carefully screened may differ from those in the present study.

PMID- 3355398
TI  - The palmomental reflex in Parkinson's disease. Comparisons with normal subjects
      and clinical relevance.
AB  - We tested 356 normal subjects and 109 parkinsonian patients for the palmomental
      reflex. The total incidence of the reflex was 16.3% in normal subjects,
      increasing with age. In parkinsonian patients, the overall incidence of the
      reflex was 71.5%, without clear effect of age. A positive correlation was found
      between degree of akinesia and incidence as well as intensity of the reflex. In
      the dyskinetic patients, the reflex was seldom elicited, and, if so, it was
      small. Modifications of the characteristics of the response could be disclosed in
      parallel with variations of the patient's clinical status. These findings suggest
      that the presence of a palmomental reflex in parkinsonian patients could
      indirectly reflect the decrease of dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal
      pathways.

PMID- 3355397
TI  - Visual field defects in relation to head injury severity. A neuropsychological
      study.
AB  - A total of 159 head-injured patients were classified into four groups based on
      two acute categories of injury severity (minor-to-moderate and severe) and the
      subsequent presence or absence of visual field defects (VFDs). They were assessed
      neuropsychologically within ten to 19 months after injury. Within both minor-to
      moderate and severe injury classifications, patients with VFDs were more impaired
      neuropsychologically and had more frequent acute secondary intracranial
      complications (brain swelling, intracranial hypertension, and cerebral hyperemia)
      than patients without VFDs. The findings suggest that the presence of VFDs during
      the long-term period may be residuals of acute secondary complications indicative
      of increased neuropsychological deficits after head injury.

PMID- 3355399
TI  - Neuropsychological performance in lateralized parkinsonism.
AB  - Seven dextral patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who had predominant right
      sided motor signs were compared on neuropsychological tests with eight dextral
      patients with PD who had predominant left-sided signs. Objective criteria for
      group designation were developed from clinical ratings. The patient subgroups
      were matched on age, education, estimated premorbid IQ, severity of motor signs,
      and medication usage. Patients with signs lateralized to the right were more
      impaired on tests of dominant hemisphere function (serial digit learning,
      confrontation naming, and verbal associative fluency), but no differences were
      found on tests of nondominant hemisphere function (form sequence learning, line
      orientation, facial recognition), indicating some correlation of
      neuropsychological performance with lateralization of predominant motor signs.
      Findings demonstrate that the cognitive deficits (particularly visuospatial)
      previously reported in the literature are not seen consistently in all subjects
      with PD.

PMID- 3355400
TI  - Fatigue in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Fatigue is a frequent symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS) that can interfere with
      a patient's daily functioning. The cause of MS fatigue, its clinical
      characteristics, and its relationship to other symptoms remain poorly understood.
      Structured interviews were conducted with 32 patients with MS and 33 normal
      healthy adults. Fatigue proved to be both more frequent and more severe among the
      patients with MS. Multiple sclerosis fatigue was unrelated to either depression
      or global impairment. Multiple sclerosis fatigue appears to be a distinct
      clinical entity, often disabling, that can be distinguished from normal fatigue,
      affective disturbance, and neurologic impairment.

PMID- 3355402
TI  - Suspected multiple sclerosis: how much to tell the patient?

PMID- 3355401
TI  - Suspicion of multiple sclerosis. To tell or not to tell?

PMID- 3355403
TI  - Visuospatial functioning before and after commissurotomy. Disconnection in
      hierarchical processing.
AB  - A patient who underwent complete cerebral commissurotomy was tested before and
      after surgery on tasks involving drawing and recognition memory for visual
      hierarchical stimuli. These stimuli consisted of a large, higher-level form
      constructed from smaller, lower-level forms. Postoperatively, the patient was
      more accurate in drawing and recognizing higher-level forms relative to lower
      level forms when responding with his left hand and primarily right hemisphere,
      whereas he showed the opposite pattern when responding with his right hand and
      primarily left hemisphere. Implications of these findings for theories of the
      cerebral organization of visuospatial processing are discussed.

PMID- 3355404
TI  - An electroencephalographic study of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with syncope.
AB  - In the case described, electroencephalography (EEG) proved valuable for
      determining the nature of spells of loss of consciousness with brief clonic jerks
      associated with ear and throat pain. A 70-year-old woman had a history of
      episodic brief attacks of pain below the right ear and deep in the neck that had
      started three years previously. The spells became more severe and progressed to
      loss of awareness associated with clonic jerks of the extremities. Because of a
      concern that the spells represented seizures, an EEG was performed, with
      electrocardiographic monitoring. Multiple spells were recorded; they began with
      profound bradycardia followed by generalized slow-wave activity and then by
      suppression of all EEG activity correlating with loss of consciousness and clonic
      jerking. The spells were thought to represent syncopal attacks associated with
      glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

PMID- 3355405
TI  - Retinal phototoxicity from the operating microscope: a protective effect by the
      fovea.

PMID- 3355406
TI  - The Ocutome vitrector in high myopia.

PMID- 3355407
TI  - Treatment of partly accommodative esotropia with a high accommodative convergence
      -accommodation ratio.

PMID- 3355408
TI  - Astigmatism associated with adnexal masses in infancy.

PMID- 3355409
TI  - On prostaglandins and ocular fluid dynamics.

PMID- 3355410
TI  - Semantic follow-up: adherence is a better term than compliance is a better term
      than cooperation.

PMID- 3355411
TI  - Perimetric threshold variability and age.

PMID- 3355412
TI  - Angle closure glaucoma after scleral buckling for retinopathy of prematurity.
      Case report.

PMID- 3355413
TI  - Lacrimal anomalies in Robinow's syndrome. Case report.

PMID- 3355414
TI  - Press embargoes and medical news--who will watch the watchers?

PMID- 3355415
TI  - The quantitative effect of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine solution and 0.1%
      dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution on postsurgical blood-aqueous barrier.
AB  - Anterior chamber fluorophotometry was performed after the oral administration of
      fluorescein sodium in patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction and
      posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion before and after surgery. The
      administration of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine solution (ketorolac solution) eye
      drops before and after surgery decreased the breakdown of the blood-aqueous
      barrier as compared with 0.1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution
      (dexamethasone solution) eye drops at each period, as measured by
      fluorophotometry. A single injection below Tenon's capsule of a short-acting
      corticosteroid had been given to each patient at the end of each surgical
      procedure. Slit-lamp observations of postoperative ocular inflammation were not
      different between treatment groups. Both ketorolac and dexamethasone solutions
      were well tolerated by patients. Ketorolac solution was more effective than
      dexamethasone solution in facilitating reestablishment of the blood-aqueous
      barrier after surgery, as measured by fluorophotometry, and was equal to
      dexamethasone solution as observed by slit-lamp observations. This study suggests
      that ketorolac ophthalmic solution may be effective and safe as a nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory agent for topical use after cataract surgery and intraocular
      lens implantation in place of topically administered corticosteroids.

PMID- 3355416
TI  - Two-year results of reoperations for radial keratotomy.
AB  - This study compared the two-year results of 320 radial keratotomy surgeries that
      did not result in reoperations with those of 67 cases that had reoperations.
      Follow-up was 76% for cases not reoperated and 79% for reoperated cases. Eyes
      that had reoperations averaged 2.2 diopters more initial myopia than eyes that
      did not have reoperations, and they averaged 43% myopia correction in the first
      surgery vs 84% for eyes that did not require reoperations; the reoperation
      corrected an additional 47% of residual myopia, for an overall 70% correction of
      myopia in the two surgeries. These results indicated that twice the desired
      effect of correction should be attempted in a reoperation to achieve the desired
      result.

PMID- 3355417
TI  - Family with aniridia, microcornea, and spontaneously reabsorbed cataract.
AB  - We examined a family that had aniridia, microcornea, and spontaneously reabsorbed
      cataract in three members in three generations. An autosomal dominant inheritance
      for these features was strongly suggested. We believe that a spontaneously
      reabsorbed cataract is particularly unusual in association with aniridia.

PMID- 3355418
TI  - Variable expressivity of autosomal dominant microcornea with cataract.
AB  - Autosomal dominant microcornea with a cataract, previously described in four
      families, was documented in a seven-generation family. Eighteen family members
      had microcornea and a cataract, and an additional six had sclerocornea or Peters'
      anomaly. Most individuals with microcornea had a corneal diameter of less than 11
      mm in both meridians, with moderately steep corneal curvatures. The inherited
      cataract progressed to form a total cataract after visual maturity had been
      achieved. In the four affected children who had not undergone cataract
      extraction, the common abnormality was a posterior polar lens opacity. The
      variability of expressivity of the dominant gene would suggest that the
      embryological origins of microcornea and sclerocornea are similar.

PMID- 3355419
TI  - Holes in clear lenses demonstrate a pinhole effect.
AB  - This study describes a new variant of the pinhole principle. Holes drilled in
      clear plastic lenses held in combination with a blurring lens can overcome the
      blurring effect much as a traditional pinhole. Specifically, this study shows how
      holes of different diameter placed in lenses of different spherical power can
      improve visual acuity that has been degraded by a series of blurring spherical
      lenses. In general, the hole in the clear lens improves visual acuity for
      progressively stronger blurring lenses.

PMID- 3355420
TI  - Combined excision and drainage with intralesional corticosteroid injection in the
      treatment of chronic chalazia.
AB  - We surgically excised 146 chronic chalazia either with or without intralesional
      corticosteroid injections. Our results showed an 89% cure rate (79/88) for those
      chalazia surgically excised compared with a 96.6% cure rate (56/58) for those
      excised and treated with intralesional steroids as well. Encouraged by these
      findings, we treated an additional 149 chalazia using the combined technique of
      excision and steroidal injection for a total cure rate of 97.6% (202/207).
      Although complications were minimal for both groups, there appeared to be less
      edema and inflammation in the patients receiving the combined treatment.

PMID- 3355421
TI  - Operating microscope-induced retinal phototoxicity during pars plana vitrectomy.
AB  - We treated two cases of retinal phototoxic damage created by the coaxial
      illumination of the operating microscope during vitrectomy surgery. These lesions
      were probably created at the end of the vitrectomy procedure, after intraocular
      manipulation had ceased. This critical period, while the sclerotomy sites were
      being closed, was estimated to last no longer than ten to 15 minutes. We
      recommend that the cornea be shielded during sclerotomy closure at the conclusion
      of those vitrectomy procedures with a clear liquid media and clear crystalline
      lens or pseudophakos.

PMID- 3355422
TI  - Multiple myeloma involving the iris.
AB  - Intraocular invasion by neoplastic plasma cells is a rare ophthalmic
      manifestation of plasma cell dyscrasias. A 67-year-old man who had documented
      multiple myeloma presented with an infiltration of the iris that simulated a
      nongranulomatous uveitis. Cytologic examination of the aspirate obtained by
      anterior chamber paracentesis demonstrated that the infiltrate was composed of
      neoplastic plasma cells.

PMID- 3355423
TI  - Latent disseminated blastomycosis with choroidal involvement.
AB  - A 36-year-old man developed blurred vision and a cough five months after
      traveling to an area from where a large outbreak of acute blastomycosis had been
      reported. Examination revealed a left choroidal lesion in the macular region,
      skin lesions on the right calf, and a left lung apical infiltrate.
      Histopathologic examination of the skin lesion demonstrated a granulomatous
      inflammation and broad based, budding yeast characteristic of Blastomyces
      dermatitidis. Amphotericin B therapy produced a rapid resolution of both
      choroidal and pulmonary lesions. During a six-month follow-up, there was no
      evidence of recurrence.

PMID- 3355424
TI  - Further studies of the effect of vitamin D on retinoblastoma. Inhibition with
      1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
AB  - We present evidence that calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) decreases
      tumor takes and tumor growth of subcutaneous retinoblastomas in athymic mice.
      Histopathologic studies showed that the calcitriol also induced necrosis of the
      retinoblastomas. The calcitriol, however, did not induce tumor calcification.
      Unfortunately, the dose of calcitriol used in this experiment caused significant
      toxic effects. If the toxicity of vitamin D can be alleviated without
      compromising its antineoplastic effect, vitamin D may be a useful
      chemotherapeutic agent against retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3355425
TI  - Trabecular cell division after argon laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - The usefulness of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in the treatment of some
      patients with glaucoma has been established; yet, the mechanism of ALT is not
      understood. The hypothesis that the mechanism involves trabecular cell division
      was examined. Autoradiographic assessment of tritiated thymidine incorporation
      into trabecular cell DNA in a human corneoscleral explant organ culture system
      demonstrated a basal level of DNA replication that increased by 180% in the two
      days immediately after ALT. When labeling was initiated five days after ALT, DNA
      replication declined to 70% of the control level. The autoradiographic findings
      were confirmed using biochemical evaluation of tritiated thymidine incorporation
      into acid-precipitable macromolecules (DNA) in excised trabecular meshwork. One
      biologic response of the trabecular meshwork after laser trabeculoplasty is a
      change in the level of ongoing trabecular cell division.

PMID- 3355426
TI  - Eyelid oleogranulomas caused by petroleum jelly injection.

PMID- 3355428
TI  - Ophthalmology in Jamaica.

PMID- 3355429
TI  - Health maintenance and disease prevention. Is there a role for medical
      practitioners?

PMID- 3355427
TI  - Reconstruction of the partially contracted ocular socket or fornix.
AB  - Foreshortening of the conjunctival fornices by symblepharon or scar formation can
      result in a variety of cosmetic and functional abnormalities for the anophthalmic
      and the sighted patient. To correct this problem, we have modified a technique
      for the treatment of totally contracted ocular sockets. Unlike the procedure for
      total reconstruction of the socket that uses a custom-designed conformer wrapped
      with a full-thickness mucous membrane graft, reconstruction of a partially
      contracted socket uses a 0.5-mm-thick mucous membrane graft sutured to the
      resected socket conjunctiva and splinted in place by a custom-designed conformer.
      Seventeen patients with a variety of underlying pathologic conditions associated
      with trauma and prior surgery underwent successful ocular fornix reconstruction
      using this technique.

PMID- 3355431
TI  - Calculation of practice growth.

PMID- 3355430
TI  - Rural practice: reward or punishment?

PMID- 3355432
TI  - Reminder notices about cervical smears.

PMID- 3355434
TI  - Current management of the menopause.

PMID- 3355433
TI  - Lower abdominal and pelvic pain in women. A diagnostic approach.

PMID- 3355435
TI  - Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. With emphasis on postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3355436
TI  - Dysmenorrhoea: periods can be a pain.

PMID- 3355437
TI  - Excessive body and facial hair. A common problem for women.

PMID- 3355439
TI  - A woman doctor in country practice.

PMID- 3355438
TI  - Women in sport.

PMID- 3355440
TI  - The breath hydrogen test: an evaluation.

PMID- 3355441
TI  - Longitudinal study of very low birthweight infants: intelligence and aspects of
      school progress at 14 years of age.
AB  - Consecutive surviving children weighing less than 1501 g when born in 1966-70
      were followed prospectively: 87% (146/168) attended normal secondary schools, 4%
      (7/168) attended schools for those with special needs and 9% (15/168) were
      untraced. The psychologist assessed 140 children at a mean age of 14.5 years. The
      mean WISC-R Verbal Score of 89.7 was almost identical to that achieved by the
      children at 8 years of age (89.2). Thirty three children (24%) had delay in
      Reading Accuracy on the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability, whilst 66 children
      (48%) were delayed on the Comprehension Scale. Social class and duration of
      maternal education were significant predictors of the WISC-R Verbal Scores and
      Reading Comprehension at 14.5 years but the total variance explained was small.
      The Bayley Development Index (MDI) available for half of the children at 2 years
      often underestimated their potential as defined by the WISC-R Verbal Score at
      14.5 years. The 8 year intelligence (WISC-R) and reading measures (Neale) were
      significantly and highly associated with the corresponding measures at 14.5
      years. It was concluded that 8 years was an appropriate age to evaluate the
      outcome of the children and to identify many of those needing educational
      intervention. The spasmodic nature and sometimes short duration of the help
      received by many of the children underlines the need for more appropriate
      intervention for children with learning difficulties.

PMID- 3355442
TI  - Haematolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility: incidence and value of screening
      in an Asian population.
AB  - The population in Singapore is predominantly Asian, with Chinese forming the
      major ethnic group. The incidence of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due
      to Rh incompatibility is very low. The true incidence of HDN due to ABO
      incompatibility is unknown. Early discharge is practised in Singapore making it
      important to predict severe HDN due to ABO incompatibility as this would
      constitute the main cause of haemolysis next to G6PD deficiency. One thousand,
      six hundred and eight baby-maternal pairs were typed for ABO, Rh, and tested for
      direct Coombs' test, maternal titre, cord bilirubin and haptoglobin levels. Two
      hundred and fifty-one were found to be ABO incompatible, with 141 group A and 110
      group B babies. The incidence of HDN due to ABO incompatibility was 3.7% of all
      group O mothers. Coombs' test, maternal antibody titre, cord bilirubin and
      haptoglobin levels were of low predictive value for severe HDN due to ABO
      incompatibility. The data further support the notion that it is not cost
      effective to screen for ABO incompatibility.

PMID- 3355443
TI  - Is admission to hospital with stridor and acute viral croup influenced by time?
AB  - Study of the records of 100 children admitted sequentially to hospital with viral
      croup suggested that they were more likely to be admitted at night than during
      the day when compared with other common conditions. The actual day of the week
      was unimportant, suggesting that medical availability was not a factor.

PMID- 3355444
TI  - Dexamethasone therapy in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Seven ventilator-dependent infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia were
      treated with dexamethasone. Six of the seven infants were extubated within 12
      days of commencing the dexamethasone, whilst the remaining infant continued to
      need respiratory support for apnoea, despite significant improvement in the
      pulmonary disease. All infants survived; although only two were neurologically
      intact. Of the other five survivors, two had mild developmental delay, two were
      blind (secondary to retinopathy of prematurity) and the other had a spastic
      quadriplegia (secondary to bilateral periventricular leukomalacia).

PMID- 3355445
TI  - Iron deficiency in Bourke children.
AB  - A study of 121 Aboriginal and 91 non-Aboriginal children aged 6 years and under
      was carried out in Bourke during 6 months of 1986. These children were selected
      either because they were admitted to hospital and had an incidental blood test or
      were screened at various childcare and preschool facilities in the town. A
      haemoglobin level of below 100 g/l was found in 12.4% of Aboriginal children
      compared with only 3.3% of non-Aboriginal children. A mean corpuscular volume of
      less than 80 was found in 15.7% of Aboriginal children and 3.3% of non-Aboriginal
      children. Of the total sample, 17.4% of Aboriginal children and 6.6% of non
      Aboriginal children had a serum ferritin level of less than 10 ng/ml. These
      markers of iron deficiency were associated with low weight and crowded living
      conditions in Aboriginal children. The prevalence of haemoglobin below 100 g/l
      among Aboriginal children under 5 years has fallen from 24.7% in 1971 to 14.1% in
      1986.

PMID- 3355446
TI  - Infant feeding in Sydney: a survey of mothers who bottle feed.
AB  - Two hundred and seventy-four mothers who were bottle feeding their infants aged
      from 1 to 9 months, were interviewed. Particular attention was paid to mixing
      technique, storage of reconstituted formulae, the reasons for deciding to bottle
      feed and what influenced the choosing of a particular milk. Following the
      interview, a sample of milk from a previously prepared bottle was taken to
      measure osmolality and bacterial colony count. Eighty-two per cent of the mothers
      had initially attempted breast feeding. The commonest reason for changing to a
      bottle was that the mother felt she was not able to produce enough milk to
      satisfy the baby. Thirty per cent chose the milk they were using on the
      recommendation of the maternity hospital. Errors in reconstituting the formulae,
      compared with the manufacturer's instructions were made by 100 (30%) mothers. In
      52 cases these were potentially serious errors, usually erring on the side of
      preparing an over-concentrated formula. This finding from the interviews was
      confirmed by osmolality analysis of milk samples. Twenty-two per cent of samples
      collected grew potential pathogens. There was no correlation between the presence
      of bacterial growth and the use of prewarmed formulae stored in insulated
      carriers. No correlation was found between triceps skinfold thickness, age of
      introduction of solids or method of reconstitution of formula.

PMID- 3355447
TI  - Children with recurrent abdominal pain.

PMID- 3355448
TI  - Reye's syndrome in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3355449
TI  - Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the reproductive tracts of
      rams naturally infected with Brucella ovis.
AB  - Thirteen rams with serological evidence of Brucella ovis exposure (CFT of 1:8 or
      greater), but with no or only mild epididymitis, were selected from a ram flock.
      Serum, semen, preputial washings and fluids from the accessory sex glands (ASGF)
      and testis and epididymis (TEF) were examined and immunoglobulin (Ig)
      concentrations estimated. Genital tissues were examined histologically and the
      percentages of class specific immunoglobulin containing cells (ICC) determined.
      Eleven of these rams had histological evidence of active inflammation consistent
      with B. ovis infection; the organisam was cultured from the semen of 7. IgA
      concentration was high in semen (mean +/- standard deviation of 5.03 +/- 1.78
      mg/ml) and ASGF (9.18 +/- 7.28 mg/ml). These levels were much higher than those
      recorded in noninfected rams. IgA concentration was low in serum (0.78 +/- 0.55
      mg/ml) and TEF (0.59 +/- 0.78 mg/ml). The concentrations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM
      were low in all genital fluids sampled and not significantly different from those
      recorded in noninfected rams. This indicated that infection with B. ovis results
      in a pronounced IgA response in secretions, mostly from the accessory sex glands.
      Examinations of ICC, however, revealed that the plasma cell infiltrates of the
      epididymis, vas deferens, ampulla and seminal vesicle were predominantly IgG
      containing (92.4, 97.2, 79.4 and 91.9% respectively). Fewer IgM-containing cells
      were scattered throughout these tissues, constituting 3.9, 6.3, 0.3 and 6.5% of
      all ICC, respectively. IgA-containing cells were most frequently seen in the
      ampulla (9.6% of ICC) where they were located directly beneath the epithelium,
      suggesting the ampulla as the most prominant location for the local production of
      IgA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355450
TI  - Survival rates and post-operative complications after equine colic surgery.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 74 cases that underwent surgery for colic was
      undertaken to determine short and long term survival rates and the incidence of
      post-operative complications. In 28 cases colic was related to small intestinal
      lesions and in 46 cases to large intestinal lesions. Pre-operative packed cell
      volume and heart rate were found to be inversely related to short-term survival.
      Twenty-five horses (34%) recovered from surgery and were discharged. Of 18 of
      these cases with available histories, 6 subsequently had one or more episodes of
      colic since surgery of which 5 eventually died or were euthanased due to further
      colic; the remaining 12 have remained free from recurrence of colic for longer
      than 6 months.

PMID- 3355451
TI  - Clinical and pathological observations on goats experimentally infected with
      Pseudomonas pseudomallei.
AB  - The effects in goats of the subcutaneous injection of varying doses of
      Pseudomonas pseudomallei (90 to 500,000 bacilli) suspended in normal saline are
      described. High doses (greater than or equal to 500 bacilli) caused acute, fatal
      infections. Lower doses (90 to 225 bacilli) caused acute or chronic disease when
      infection became established. However, 11 of 18 goats injected with the lower
      doses of bacilli showed no sign of infection on clinical or bacteriological
      examination. Response to antibiotic therapy with long acting tetracycline and
      chloramphenicol was minimal. Goats surviving the initial phase of infection
      tended to overcome the disease with a corresponding increase in the number of
      abscesses that were sterile at necropsy. In infected goats, clinical signs
      included undulating fever, wasting, anorexia, paresis of the hind legs, severe
      mastitis and abortion. At necropsy, abscesses were found predominantly in the
      spleen, lungs, subcutaneous injection site and its draining lymph node.

PMID- 3355452
TI  - An evaluation of the efficacy of cordial for preventing post-weaning diarrhoea in
      pigs.
AB  - An evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial crystalline cordial concentrate for
      preventing post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and improving weight gains in pigs
      following weaning, was carried out in 3 herds using 861 pigs. The incidence of
      PWD in pigs drinking the cordial was reduced in 2 herds and its severity was
      reduced in one of these. There was no effect on either incidence or severity in
      the other herd. The pigs given cordial consumed considerably more water per day
      and less feed per day than pigs drinking plain water during the 10-day
      supplementation period. There was no improvement in average daily gain or feed
      conversion ratio attributable to adding cordial to drinking water in any of the
      herds. In one herd the growth rate of pigs receiving cordial was actually
      depressed during the supplementation period. There was no reduction in mortality
      or in number of treatments given for diarrhoea in pigs receiving cordial.

PMID- 3355453
TI  - Residues in beef cattle accidentally exposed to commercial heptachlor.
AB  - The changes in concentration of heptachlor epoxide (HCE) and oxychlordane (OCD)
      were studied in the tissues of beef cattle that had previously grazed pasture
      contaminated with commercial heptachlor. In 25 cows and heifers monitored over
      488 days, the mean concentration of HCE decreased from 22.0 to 0.08 mg/kg and of
      OCD from 5.68 to 0.18 mg/kg. The respective half-lives were estimated to be 66
      and 92 days. In a controlled feeding experiment, nine steers were subjected to
      one of three dietary regimes; a high plane of nutrition for 81 days then a low
      plane for 140 days; a moderate plane of nutrition for the total period; and a low
      plane of nutrition for 81 days then a high plane for 140 days. Approximately five
      months later similar treatments were applied for 101 and 94 days. The rate of
      decline of HCE and OCD was consistently greatest in animals on the high plane of
      nutrition and lowest in those on the low plane. Lactation did not appear to have
      a major effect on the rate of decline in the tissue concentrations of these
      compounds. No significant (P greater than 0.05) relationships were found between
      the concentrations of HCE or OCD in the subcutaneous fat and either milk or blood
      at any stage of the experiment. At slaughter, from 18 to 24 months after the
      commencement of the experiments, significant correlations (P less than 0.05) were
      found among concentrations of HCE and OCD in subcutaneous fat, renal fat and fat
      from the bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355454
TI  - Monthly variation in the plasma copper and zinc concentration of pregnant and non
      pregnant mares.

PMID- 3355456
TI  - Streptococcus suis type 1 infection of sucking pigs.

PMID- 3355455
TI  - Mixtures of anthelmintics: a strategy against resistance.

PMID- 3355457
TI  - Damalinia caprae infestations on sheep.

PMID- 3355458
TI  - The role of arithmetic and geometric mean worm egg counts in faecal egg count
      reduction tests and in monitoring strategic drenching programs in sheep.

PMID- 3355459
TI  - The role of oestradiol and oestrone in chicken manure silage in hyperoestrogenism
      in cattle.

PMID- 3355460
TI  - High-G training for fighter aircrew.
AB  - From 8 Jan 85 through 12 Feb 86, 741 USAF fighter aircrew from Tactical Air
      Command underwent high-G training at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, the
      major objectives of the training being to increase their understanding of G
      stress and G protection and to raise their G tolerance. The didactics centered on
      discussion of the G-time tolerance curve and demonstration of an effective anti-G
      straining maneuver (AGSM). Exposure to G stress on the USAFSAM centrifuge allowed
      the trainees to determine their G tolerances and to perfect and practice their
      AGSM. The trainees' mean relaxed and straining G tolerances on the gradual-onset
      run (GOR) without anti-G suit inflation were 5.2 and 8.3 G, respectively; and 41%
      of the trainees reached the 9.0-G run limit. All but two of the trainees
      completed the 8-G, 15-s rapid-onset run (ROR) with anti-G suit inflated; 94%
      completed the 9-G, 15-s ROR; and 93% were able to tolerate the 9-G, 10-s ROR
      while looking back over their left shoulder. G-induced loss of consciousness (G
      LOC) occurred in 9% of the trainees, most commonly on the GOR, less often on the
      9-G RORs. Motion sickness was a significant problem in less than 1% of the
      trainees. Critiques provided by 382 trainees revealed 73% enthusiastic or
      positive assessments of the training, as opposed to only 2% negative or hostile
      responses. We conclude that high-G training is well-tolerated by fighter aircrew
      and is a highly appropriate method for minimizing the potential for aircraft
      mishaps due to G-LOC in flight.

PMID- 3355461
TI  - Current and emerging technology in G-LOC detection: noninvasive monitoring of
      cerebral microcirculation using near infrared.
AB  - G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) has emerged as an important operational
      problem of high-performance aircraft. Since it appears that G-LOC will continue
      to be a problem, a requirement exists to detect its occurrence in pilots so that
      the aircraft may be placed on autopilot. One excellent method of detecting G-LOC
      physiologically, one would assume, would be based on the oxidative status of the
      brain. This determination can be made noninvasively with an Oxidative Metabolism
      Near-Infrared monitor using 4 wave lengths (OMNI-4). The OMNI-4 is capable of
      measuring the relative quantities in the brain of hemoglobin (Hb), oxygenated
      hemoglobin (HbO2), blood volume (BV), and oxidative status of cytochrome c
      oxidase. This instrument was tested on subjects in the USAFSAM human-use
      centrifuge at +3, 4, and 5 Gz with onset rates of 1 G.s-1. Results showed changes
      within the brain, as expected, during increased G with reductions in Hb, BV, and
      HbO2. Cytochrome c oxidase measurements were inconclusive. Immediately following
      G exposure, Hb, BV, and HbO2 "overshoots" occurred suggesting vasodilation of the
      cerebral microcirculation. The use of OMNI-4 in the laboratory and its possible
      role as a detector of G-LOC in pilots are discussed including suggestions for
      future developments.

PMID- 3355462
TI  - Current and emerging technology in G-LOC detection: pulse wave delay for +Gz
      tolerance assessment.
AB  - We have found that pulse wave delay increases linearly with +Gz experienced by
      conscious subjects and that G-tolerance limits, as measured using conventional
      light bars, occur repeatedly at the same pulse wave delays or delta delay. When
      protective modalities such as anti-G suits or supinating seats are used, the
      delta delays increase at a slower rate as a function of +Gz. G-tolerance
      thresholds occur at higher +Gz levels with protection but the delta pulse wave
      delays reach the same value for all tolerance levels. This parameter can be used
      to warn expert systems of the approach of G-LOC during actual flight and/or
      provides an objective measure of G protection provided by new or modified anti-G
      equipment. Therefore, this tool can be used in the research setting to evaluate
      the efficacy of G-protective equipment in an objective manner.

PMID- 3355463
TI  - Advances in anti-G valve technology: what's in the future?
AB  - Conventional mechanical anti-G valve technology has been overtaken by the
      performance of modern aircraft and will fall farther behind in new generations of
      fighters. This paper discusses the fundamental shortcomings of anti-G valves and
      presents concepts and enhancements potentially available with recently developed
      servovalves, concepts now under active investigation and development, and closes
      with an overview of advanced anti-G suit concepts compatible with advanced
      adaptive servovalves.

PMID- 3355464
TI  - Leg vascular responsiveness during acute orthostasis following simulated
      weightlessness.
AB  - Ten men (35-49 years old) underwent lower body negative pressure (LBNP) exposures
      before and after 10 d of continuous 6 degrees head-down bedrest in order to
      predict the effect of weightlessness on the responsiveness of leg vasculature to
      an orthostatic stress. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and
      impedance rheographic indices of arterial pulse volume (APV) of the legs were
      measured during rest and at 1 min of -30 mm Hg LBNP. Bedrest-induced
      deconditioning was manifested by decreases (p less than 0.05) in plasma volume
      (17%), peak oxygen uptake (16%), and LBNP tolerance (17%). Resting HR was
      unchanged after bedrest, but HR was higher (p less than 0.05) at 1 min of -30 mm
      Hg LBNP after, compared with before, bedrest. Responses of MAP to -30 mm Hg LBNP
      were not altered by bedrest. Resting APV was decreased (p less than 0.05) by
      simulated weightlessness. However, APV was reduced (p less than 0.05) from rest
      to 1 min -30 mm Hg LBNP by the same relative magnitude before and after bedrest (
      21.4 +/- 3.4% and -20.5 +/- 2.7%, respectively). We conclude that peripheral
      arterial vasoconstriction, as indicated by reductions in APV during LBNP, was not
      affected by bedrest. These results suggest that there was no apparent alteration
      in responsiveness of the leg vasculature following simulated weightlessness.
      Therefore, it appears unlikely that control mechanisms of peripheral resistance
      contribute significantly to reduced orthostatic tolerance following spaceflight.

PMID- 3355465
TI  - Soft contact lens wear at altitude: effects of hypoxia.
AB  - In the U.S. Air Force, aircraft can be divided into two categories--those with
      cabin pressures equivalent to high altitudes and aircraft with cabin pressures
      equivalent to lower altitudes, with longer duration exposures. The purpose of
      this study was to determine the effects of soft contact lens wear under
      atmospheric pressures simulating these two types of aircraft environments. Ten
      subjects were tested to 7620 m (25,000 ft) in hypobaric chamber flights of 75 min
      and eight subjects were tested in hypobaric chamber flights at 3048 m (10,000 ft)
      for 4 h. Four subjects were also tested in dry air to further simulate cabin
      conditions. Vision and physiologic response were monitored by measurements of
      visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy examinations.
      The results of this study indicate that the physiologic responses of the cornea
      to soft contact lens wear at altitude are subject to higher levels of manifested
      stresses, but these occurred without measurable degradation in vision and did not
      preclude normal wear of soft contact lenses.

PMID- 3355466
TI  - Dynamic moisture permeation through clothing.
AB  - Dynamic moisture permeation through clothing often occurs during thermal
      transience, causing an imbalance between evaporative heat loss from the skin
      (Esk) and that from the clothing surface (Ecl). A device was designed to observe
      Esk and Ecl simultaneously. It consists of two relative humidity sensors coupled
      with thermistors so that densities of water vapor at two points within the
      boundary layer can be calculated. The rate of local evaporation is then estimated
      from Fick's law of diffusion. Local evaporation rates from the skin and clothing
      surface at the chest, arm, and thigh were measured during exposure to controlled
      ambient temperatures varying from 20 degrees-40 degrees C. The subjects wore four
      different types of helicopter pilot suits: Nomex/Neoprene, Goretex, cotton
      ventile, and Nomex/Insulite. For the Goretex and cotton ventile suits, consisting
      of relatively permeable and hygroscopic fabrics, a sudden increase in Esk,
      exponential decay of Esk, and a gradual increase in Ecl were observed. These
      appear to be associated with, respectively, the onset of sweat secretion,
      moisture build-up within the clothing, and water gain in the fabric. Thus, the
      device may be useful for observing dynamic moisture permeation through clothing.

PMID- 3355467
TI  - Optimum sampling times for maximum blood lactate levels after exposures to
      sustained +Gz.
AB  - Six male subjects wearing anti-G suits were exposed to +4.5 Gz and +4.5-7 Gz
      simulated aerial combat maneuvers (SACM), sustained until terminated because of
      fatigue. Before and after each G exposure, venous blood was withdrawn (using the
      finger-prick method) and analyzed for lactate concentration. Five samples were
      taken serially, at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 20 min after each G exposure to determine the
      maximum (peak) level of blood lactate. Individual lactate levels varied, with
      peaks at 1, 3, and 6 min; however, group levels were maximum at 3 min after the G
      exposure. Maximum lactate levels (mean +/- S.D.) of 27.8 +/- 11.3 mg% and 42.7 +/
      19.4 mg% were found for the 4.5-G and SACM exposures, respectively. Lactate
      recoveries were a simple exponential function, with a half life of approximately
      10 min. The relationship between these data, following G exposure, and those
      measured after aerobic physical activities, is discussed.

PMID- 3355468
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of cardiac performance by impedance cardiography:
      disagreement between two equations to estimate stroke volume.
AB  - Impedance cardiography, phonocardiography, and ECG were registered prior to,
      during, and after 10 min of gradual passive upright tilt in 35 normal male
      subjects. Stroke volume (SV) was estimated according to both the standard
      equation of Kubicek et al. and a newly introduced equation by Sramek et al.
      Sramek's equation estimated larger SV values throughout. It furthermore estimated
      a larger SV response to upright tilt: a bias of -17 ml (95% Cl: -20 to -13) was
      identified for Sramek's minus Kubicek's approach. Corresponding disagreement was
      identified for cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance derived from SV. A
      far better agreement was identified when the data were expressed as percent of
      the supine base line prior to tilt. Under such transformation, Sramek's approach
      estimated slightly smaller SV responses to tilt: a bias of 4.2% (95% Cl: 3.6 to
      4.7) was identified for the percent response of SV to upright tilt for Sramek's
      minus Kubicek's equation. Data generated by these two equations are,
      nevertheless, not readily interchangeable nor comparable. As Sramek's equation
      estimated consistently larger SV values than Kubicek's equation, it is unlikely
      that Sramek's equation could solve the issue of the quantitative inaccuracy which
      remains intrinsic to the usage of Kubicek's equation in impedance cardiography.

PMID- 3355469
TI  - A new look at the loss of consciousness experience within the U.S. Naval forces.
AB  - Two surveys on the incidence of G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) in U.S.
      Navy aircraft have been completed. Questionnaires returned (981) indicated an
      incidence rate of 12.2% in the first survey. A slightly higher incidence rate was
      found in the second survey based on the 2,459 questionnaires returned. Results
      indicated that G-LOC is a significant problem in naval aviation in older as well
      as newer generation aircraft. Age, height, and weight of respondents did not
      appear to be related to incidence of G-LOC. Results indicated a need for
      improvement in the anti-G protective system and its use. Different forms of
      physical fitness training may differentially influence G-tolerance.

PMID- 3355470
TI  - Differentiation of muscarinic cholinergic receptor subtypes in human cortex and
      pons: implications for anti-motion sickness therapy.
AB  - Radioligand binding studies were used to analyze muscarinic cholinergic receptor
      subtypes in human cortex and pons. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors were labeled
      by 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB). Scopolamine was equipotent in both brain
      regions and did not discriminate subtypes of 3H-QNB binding. By contrast, the M1
      selective antagonist pirenzepine was approximately 33-fold more potent in human
      cortex than pons. Carbachol, a putative M2 selective agonist, was more than 100
      fold more potent in human pons than cortex. These results demonstrate that the
      human pons contains a relatively large proportion of carbachol sensitive
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Drugs targeted to this subpopulation of
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors may prove to be effective anti-motion sickness
      agents with less side effects than scopolamine.

PMID- 3355471
TI  - Reduced temperature afterdrop in rhesus monkeys with radio frequency rewarming.
AB  - Rhesus monkeys were anesthetized and rendered hypothermic by icewater immersion.
      Rewarming by radio frequency (RF) energy at 13.56 MHz or by a surgical heating
      pad was initiated either immediately after removal from the icewater or after a
      delay of 20-26 min. Rectal temperature (Tre) was monitored during each
      experiment, and RF energy, initially applied at a specific absorption rate (SAR)
      of 10 W.kg-1, was able to raise Tre an average of 3 degrees C in 20 min. For an
      equivalent period of rewarming with the heating pad, Tre had not yet recovered
      from the immersion-induced afterdrop. It is concluded that RF rewarming offers a
      special advantage when applied to the treatment of immersion hypothermia.

PMID- 3355472
TI  - Military survival: a physiological assessment of soldiers using wild plants for
      food during survival and evasion.
AB  - Field studies were undertaken to investigate if wild plants alone can be used as
      food to supply the necessary quantities of carbohydrates during survival and
      evasion. In these situations, attention must be drawn to the physiological
      effects of hypoglycemia and the proper utilisation of the adipose tissue as
      energy in conjunction with minimizing the breakdown of proteins. The results show
      that it is possible to collect wild plants daily within 4 h with a carbohydrate
      content which amounts to at least 2 MJ. This will be enough to maintain the blood
      glucose concentration at the initial value without a simultaneous
      gluconeogenesis, and will prevent the production and excretion of ketone bodies.
      The studies demonstrate that plants are a good source of food in survival
      situations, allowing the survivor to perform hard and prolonged physical work
      during periods of restricted food intake. The study is part of a military
      survival project which forms the basis of a new military survival training
      program.

PMID- 3355473
TI  - Cases from the aerospace medicine resident's teaching file. Case #21. Progressive
      hematuria and suprapubic pain in a flight student. Presentation, evaluation, and
      discussion of non-surgical intervention.

PMID- 3355474
TI  - Hemodynamic and sympathoadrenal responses to altitude in humans: effect of
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Altitude exposure alters hemodynamics and sympathoadrenal function and elicits
      acute mountain sickness (AMS). Since dexamethasone prevents AMS and influences
      responsiveness to catecholamines, we studied hemodynamic and sympathoadrenal
      responses to 4,570 m simulated altitude in 8 subjects treated with dexamethasone
      or placebo. Mean pulse rates were less at altitude with dexamethasone (96.1 for
      placebo and 84.1 for dexamethasone; treatment-altitude interaction, p = 0.0045).
      Altitude led to a postural decline in mean arterial pressure (posture-altitude
      interaction, p = 0.0026), but this was not affected by dexamethasone.
      Dexamethasone reduced urinary epinephrine to a greater extent during altitude
      exposure (from 9.41 ng.mg-1 creatinine with placebo to 4.16 with dexamethasone)
      when compared with sea level (from 3.24 to 3.08). Urinary excretion of
      norepinephrine was unchanged at altitude. We conclude that acute altitude
      exposure is associated with stimulation of the adrenal medulla and not the
      sympathetic nervous system. Dexamethasone blocks the adrenal medullary response
      and blunts the pulse rate increase at altitude.

PMID- 3355475
TI  - Heat stress evaluation of anti-exposure flight garments.
AB  - Constant-wear anti-exposure suit ensembles, employing a polytetrafluoroethylene
      (PTFE) coverall, were evaluated for their impact on aircrew performance under
      heat stress. Conditions were designed to simulate stresses experienced by
      aircrews during aircraft operations over cold water; therefore, chamber
      temperatures were maintained at dry bulb temperature = 34.0 +/- 1.5 degrees C and
      wet bulb temperature = 23.9 +/- 4.5 degrees C. Six subjects were studied twice in
      each of five configurations, i.e., a standard flight ensemble (control), and four
      combinations of the PTFE coverall with different liners, for maximum 180-min
      exposures. Subjects alternated periods of physical work, performance of a
      psychomotor task, and rest, for a total time of 20 min in each activity cycle,
      which were repeated throughout the duration of a trial, at an estimated mean
      metabolic rate of 2.4 kcal.min-1. Mean test duration for the control was 177 +/-
      9 min, while for the other configurations, mean test durations were 105 +/- 32
      min, with no significant differences observed between the PTFE-based
      configurations. Total sweat rate (SRT), heat storage rate (S), final heart rate
      (HR), and mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) indicated similar trends among
      configurations, with significant differences principally observed as a
      consequence of the use of the PTFE coverall. Use of the PTFE coverall appears to
      limit heat tolerance to less than 3 h if a moderate workload is imposed under
      heat stress.

PMID- 3355476
TI  - Quantification of reaction time and time perception during Space Shuttle
      operations.
AB  - A microprocessor-based test battery containing simple reaction time, choice
      reaction time, and time perception tasks was flown aboard a 1985 Space Shuttle
      flight. Data were obtained from four crewmembers. Individual subject means
      indicate a correlation between change in reaction time during the flight and the
      presence of space motion sickness symptoms. The time perception task results
      indicate that the shortest duration task time (2 s) is progressively
      overestimated as the mission proceeds and is statistically significant (p less
      than 0.01) when comparing preflight and postflight baselines. The tasks that
      required longer periods of time to estimate (8, 12, and 16 s) are less affected.

PMID- 3355477
TI  - Running-induced changes in lung function are not altered by acute moderate
      hypoxia.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe the acute changes in pulmonary function
      and volumes induced by running in a simulated normobaric hypoxic environment.
      Eleven men (X- = 26 years, 78 kg) ran 5 miles (run time approximately equal to 40
      min) under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) conditions. A PO2 Aerobic Exerciser was
      used to approximate an altitude of 2286 m (PIO2 = 113 mm Hg). Impedance
      cardiography was used to measure cardiac output and segmental transthoracic
      impedance (Zo) was used to identify thoracic fluid shifts. Similar reductions in
      vital capacity (7%) and increases in residual volume (10%) occurred after the N
      and H runs with no change in total lung capacity. Flow rates breathing air or
      He/O2, closing volume, and closing capacity did not change. The DLCO breathhold
      maneuver caused a significant fall in pulmonary blood flow after running but
      diffusing capacity appeared to be unaffected. No changes occurred in Zo at the
      apex, middle, or base of the lung after either run. The hypoxic pulmonary pressor
      response failed to modify the pulmonary changes observed after equivalent
      normoxic exercise. The lung volume changes subsequent to either run were due to
      expiratory limitation. Previous speculation of an exercise-induced interstitial
      edema could not be confirmed.

PMID- 3355478
TI  - Ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics in response to head-down tilt with and
      without venous occlusion.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to examine ventilatory and gas exchange
      responses to acute head-down tilt. Subjects (N = 5) participated in two series of
      head-down tilt experiments. Both experimental protocols involved movement from a
      near-vertical position (120 degrees) to a -30 degrees head-down position. One set
      of experiments employed venous occlusion (VO) in the legs during the first 30 s
      of tilt, while the second set was performed without occlusion (control
      experiment). Oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) and expired
      ventilation (VE) increased significantly (p less than 0.05) above vertical values
      in both experimental conditions during the first 75 s following tilt. Further,
      VO2, VCO2, and VE were greater (p less than 0.05) during the VO experiment
      compared to control immediately following removal of venous occlusion. Although
      end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) tended to increase following tilt, mean PETCO2
      averaged over 15-s periods remained unaltered (p greater than 0.05) during tilt
      in both experimental protocols compared to the vertical position. These data
      demonstrate that acute head-down tilt results in an increase in VE and the
      general maintenance of isocapnia.

PMID- 3355479
TI  - The effect of altitude on tests of reaction time and alertness.
AB  - Psychomotor performance was assessed in 20 subjects on each of 2 mountaineering
      expeditions. During the first, which reached 5,008 m, simple reaction time and
      alertness were measured, on the second to 4,790 m these were replaced by a three
      choice reaction time test. In both, mean reaction times increased significantly
      at altitude in subjects with marked symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS),
      whereas the alertness tests showed no effects. Reaction times were not affected
      by other environmental factors but adverse conditions increased the number of
      errors. The increase in reaction time may be ascribed either to the lethargy
      associated with AMS or alternatively may have been a direct effect of hypoxia.
      The latter explanation is favoured because of reports by other workers of an
      increase in reaction time with altitude in the absence of AMS.

PMID- 3355480
TI  - Reflex heart rate response to variable onset +Gz.
AB  - Rapid onset high sustained +Gz is a frequent requirement in air combat
      maneuvering. The cardiovascular response is inadequate to fully compensate for
      this rapid +Gz change. The rate of change in heart rate (HR) during gradual (0.1
      G.s-1, GOR), rapid (1.0 G.s-1, ROR), and very high (6.0 G.s-1, VHOG) onset
      acceleration exposures to sustained (15 s) +7Gz, +8Gz, and +9Gz levels was
      measured in 81 healthy male subjects in a human centrifuge. The time (s) to reach
      maximum heart rate (T7) was measured as the time for the preacceleration exposure
      resting heart rate (RHR) to reach maximum heart rate (MHR). The change in heart
      rate upon reaching maximum +Gz level (delta HRA) from rest was calculated along
      with the change in HR from rest to the maximum heart rate achieved before maximum
      +Gz level was attained. During the ROR and VHOG runs, MHR was not achieved until
      after maximum +Gz level was attained. The change in heart rate from resting HR
      (immediately prior to acceleration) to the heart rate achieved at the onset of
      maximum +Gz level (delta HRA), decreased by 50% as the onset rate increased from
      GOR to ROR and VHOG. The delta HRB for very high onset rates exposures was
      significantly greater than that for ROR and GOR exposures. Acceleration exposure
      to levels of +7Gz and above (+7Gz, +8Gz and +9Gz) exhibited similar HR responses.
      VHOG to sustained +Gz stress levels of +7 to +9Gz for 15 s did not provide a
      sufficient length of time to allow maximum cardiovascular response.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355482
TI  - Heat intolerance, heat exhaustion monitored: a case report.
AB  - A 32-year-old male (Mr. A.), monitored during an 8-d heat acclimation (HA)
      investigation, unexpectedly exhibited heat intolerance and heat exhaustion.
      Thirteen other males completed HA without indications of either heat intolerance
      or heat exhaustion. Because Mr. A. responded normally to HA on days 1-4, the
      intervention of an unknown host factor on days 5-8 was suggested. Mr. A.'s heat
      exhaustion episode (day 8) was apparently forewarned by loss of body weight and
      increased delta HR, delta Tsk (days 5-8) and delta Tre (days 7-8) during daily 90
      min trials. His symptoms indicated classical salt depletion heat exhaustion, but
      the calculated salt deficit (less than 0.1 g NaCl.kg-1 body weight) was mild.
      Post-heat exhaustion serum enzyme levels were either normal (ALT, AST) or acutely
      elevated (CPK). Blood beta-endorphin and cortisol levels were six times and two
      times greater than control values, respectively. This case report is unique
      because clinical/physiological measurements and blood analyses were performed
      before, during, and after heat intolerance and heat exhaustion.

PMID- 3355481
TI  - Effects of living at 300 meters below sea level on coagulation and natural
      anticoagulants.
AB  - Platelet count, platelet aggregation, factor VIII VWF, Antithrombin III,
      fibrinogen and protein C were studied in 13 male volunteers after 3, 5, and 90 d
      of living at 300 m below sea level. There was no significant change in platelet
      count, platelet aggregation, factor VIII VWF, or Antithrombin III. There was a
      significant increase of fibrinogen (p = 0.002) and protein C (p = less than
      0.0001) after 90 d stay at 300 m below sea level.

PMID- 3355483
TI  - Simulator induced syndrome in Coast Guard aviators.
AB  - The incidence of adverse symptoms in Coast Guard aviators undergoing flight
      simulator training was determined. A voluntary, multi-part questionnaire was
      completed by 238 pilots. During the first simulator flight 64.3% of pilots
      reported at least one adverse symptom, 39.4% during the last flight. Simulator
      induced syndrome (SIS) was present in 47.1% of subjects during the first
      simulator flight, 23.5% during their last flight. Most subjects reported their
      symptoms as mild, with some symptoms rated as moderate or severe in nature. There
      was no statistically significant association (p greater than 0.05) between the
      development of SIS and flight experience, simulator experience, length of
      simulator session, or self-determined motion sickness susceptibility. There was a
      significant association (p less than 0.05) between SIS development and the use of
      simulators with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Nine pilots experienced adverse
      symptoms at least 2 d after their last simulator flight. In conclusion, this
      study revealed that SIS occurs frequently, is more common when CGI is present,
      may recur, suggests an adaptative process, and may not be associated with some
      factors previously claimed.

PMID- 3355484
TI  - Loss of performance while wearing a respirator does not increase during a 22.5
      hour wearing period.
AB  - To measure loss of performance while wearing a military respirator with and
      without chemical warfare (CW) clothing for an extended time, a field experiment
      was carried out with 24 military subjects. With only few short breaks the
      respirator was worn for 22 h and 30 min, including sleep. Several tests were
      repeated at different intervals: a 3-km field track run, an obstacle course, and
      a memory and concentration task. At the field track run the respirator caused 18
      20% loss of performance. On the average there was 9% loss of performance at the
      obstacle course. The memory and concentration task showed 12% loss of
      performance, however, this only concerned non-mental aspects, such as
      constriction of visual field. The CW-garment itself led to less loss of
      performance than the respirator and if both were worn simultaneously, hindrance
      by the garment was not at all apparent. None of the tests showed an increase in
      loss of performance with the accumulation of wearing time.

PMID- 3355485
TI  - Air accidents, pilot experience, and disease-related inflight sudden
      incapacitation.
AB  - The epidemiology of sudden death, the etiology of inflight sudden incapacitation,
      and the influence of pilot age and experience on air accident rates are reviewed
      in order to determine the aeromedical emphasis needed to minimize accidents.
      Sudden deaths in men over age 35 are nearly all due to coronary artery disease,
      whereas in those under 35 years they are mostly due to hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy. The incidence of fatal accidents from human error is, however,
      far greater than that from physical illness. Since inexperienced pilots have a 2
      3 times increased incidence of mishaps due to pilot error, the estimated risk of
      disease related in-flight sudden incapacitation should be balanced by
      consideration of pilot experience. Therefore, it may be preferable to grant
      waivers to experienced pilots with an increased incidence of disease-related
      inflight sudden incapacitation than to replace them with novices. We conclude
      that overly strict medical criteria may paradoxically increase accident rates.

PMID- 3355487
TI  - The risk of decompression sickness after loss of cabin pressure at 35,000 ft.

PMID- 3355486
TI  - Cases from the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file. Case #23. An aviator
      with Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 3355488
TI  - [Preservation of whole blood of the dog for transfusion purposes in CPDA-I
      stabilizer-filled polyvinyl chloride bags--effect of storage on the survival of
      erythrocytes and total protein].

PMID- 3355489
TI  - [Is heat sterilization required in the safe removal of animal carcasses?].

PMID- 3355490
TI  - [Ultraviolet effects in horse solaria?].

PMID- 3355491
TI  - [Hermaphroditism in the dog].

PMID- 3355492
TI  - Regulation of immune-aggregate-stimulated hepatic glycogenolysis and
      vasoconstriction by vicinal dithiols.
AB  - Evidence suggesting that vicinal dithiols regulate immune-aggregate-induced
      vasoconstriction and glycogenolysis in the perfused rat liver was obtained.
      Phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) and other tervalent organic arsenicals inhibited in a
      dose-dependent manner hepatic glycogenolysis, vasoconstriction, Ca2+ mobilization
      and the stimulated O2 consumption caused by immune-aggregate infusion. Polar
      tervalent and quinquivalent arsenicals were less effective than hydrophobic
      arsenicals. Prior infusion of Fc- but not Fab-fragments of IgG prevented
      partially immune-aggregate-stimulated hepatic metabolism, suggesting that immune
      aggregates elicit hepatic metabolic responses through Fc gamma receptors. The
      inhibitory action of PhAsO on immune-aggregate-stimulated hepatic glycogenolysis
      was unique; inhibition of glycogenolysis was not observed when phenylephrine,
      isoprenaline or glucagon was used as a stimulant. Although PhAsO might be
      expected to sequester cellular thiols, no significant change in the oxidation
      reduction state of the major cellular thiol, glutathione, was found during PhAsO
      infusion. In addition, PhAsO exerted its effects without producing changes in
      hepatic adenine nucleotides and cyclic AMP. Evidence suggesting the involvement
      of vicinal dithiols was obtained through thiol-competition experiments using mono
      and di-thiols. PhAsO inhibition of IgG-aggregate-stimulated hepatic
      vasoconstriction and glycogenolysis was reversed significantly by infusion of 2,3
      dimercaptopropan-1-ol at 3-fold molar excess, whereas 2-mercaptoethanol at 40
      fold molar excess was ineffective. The results of the present study provide
      evidence documenting the participation of vicinal dithiols during the coupling of
      hepatic immune-aggregate clearance by Kupffer cells with vasoconstriction of the
      hepatic vasculature (e.g. endothelial cells) and glycogenolysis (e.g. parenchymal
      cells).

PMID- 3355494
TI  - Protein fluorescence changes associated with ATP and adenosine 5'-[gamma
      thio]triphosphate binding to skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1 and actomyosin
      subfragment 1.
AB  - 1. The fluorescence changes accompanying the binding of ATP and adenosine 5'
      [gamma-thio]triphosphate (ATP gamma S) to myosin subfragment 1 (S1) and
      actomyosin subfragment 1 (actoS1) have been reinvestigated at 20 degrees C and 1
      degree C, pH 7.0, 0.1 M-KCl. 2. Two successive fluorescence enhancements are
      observed following ATP binding to both S1 and actoS1. 3. The slow fluorescence
      change has the same rate with S1 and actoS1, and is due to the ATP cleavage step.
      4. With actoS1 the fast fluorescence change occurs after dissociation, so a new
      intermediate, S1 ATP, is required on the actoS1 pathway. 5. The dissociation of
      actoS1 by ATP gamma S results in a fluorescence enhancement with the same
      apparent rate as dissociation, but indirect evidence suggests that this too
      occurs on a dissociated state.

PMID- 3355493
TI  - Fatty acid specificity for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and
      phosphatidylcholine and for the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins and
      lysophosphatidylcholine by cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 1. The synthesis and secretion of glycerolipids by monolayer cultures of rat
      hepatocytes was measured by using radioactive choline, glycerol and fatty acids
      and by measuring the concentration of triacylglycerols in the cells. 2. The
      incorporation of glycerol into triacylglycerol and the accumulation of this lipid
      in hepatocytes showed little specificity for fatty acids, except for
      eicosapentaenoate, which stimulated least. Oleate was more effective at
      stimulating triacylglycerol secretion than were palmitate, stearate, arachidonate
      and eicosapentaenoate. 3. Linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate and
      eicosapentaenoate stimulated the incorporation of glycerol and choline into
      phosphatidylcholine that was secreted into the medium. By contrast, palmitate and
      stearate produced relatively high incorporations into the phosphatidylcholine
      that remained in the cells. 4. The incorporation of glycerol and choline into
      lysophosphatidylcholine in the medium was stimulated 2-3-fold by all of the
      unsaturated fatty acids tested, whereas palmitate and stearate failed to
      stimulate if the acids were added separately. When 1 mM-stearate was added with 1
      mM-linoleate, the incorporation of linoleate into lysophosphatidylcholine was
      about 4 times higher than that of stearate. 5. It is proposed that the secretion
      of lysophosphatidylcholine by the liver could provide a transport system for
      choline and essential unsaturated fatty acids to other organs.

PMID- 3355495
TI  - Serum concentrations of the N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and two
      type IV collagen fragments and gene expression of the respective collagen types
      in liver in rats with dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis was used as an experimental
      model to study the relationship between serum concentrations of the N-terminal
      propeptide of type III procollagen [S-Pro(III)-N-P] and the N-terminal (S-7S) and
      C-terminal (S-NC1) domains of type IV collagen and hepatic concentrations of type
      III and IV collagen mRNAs. Increases in S-Pro(III)-N-P, and especially in the two
      type IV collagen-related antigens, were found to be early events in the formation
      of DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mean concentration of S-Pro(III)-N-P was
      120% of the control mean on day 7 of DMN treatment, 230% on day 14 and 250% on
      day 21. The corresponding values for S-7S were 260, 950 and 1100% and, for S-NC1,
      310, 820 and 1000%. All these changes were very similar to those found in the
      hepatic concentrations of the respective mRNAs. These data support a previous
      suggestion that an enhanced production of basement-membrane (type IV) collagen is
      an early event in the development of the DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis. The
      results also indicate that S-7S and S-NC1 are very sensitive indicators of
      changes in type IV collagen metabolism. Data obtained in gel-filtration
      experiments for these three serum antigens were consistent with the suggestion
      that all three antigens are mainly derived from the synthesis of the respective
      collagens.

PMID- 3355496
TI  - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase mRNA content in 3T3-L1 cells by tumour necrosis
      factor.
AB  - Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was previously shown to suppress lipoprotein lipase
      (LPL) synthesis and activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study examined the
      effect of TNF on amounts of mRNA for LPL in 3T3-L1 cells. Northern-blot analysis
      of polyadenylated RNA using a cDNA probe to guinea-pig LPL identified two
      predominant species of LPL message, 3.7 and 3.9 kilobases in size. The steady
      state amounts of these mRNAs increased 10-fold upon expression of the adipocyte
      phenotype. A single dose of 1.5 nM-TNF decreased LPL mRNA by approx. 60% in 17 h
      with a corresponding decrease in LPL activity, an effect that was reversed 48 h
      after exposure to TNF. The results demonstrate that TNF reversibly down-regulates
      LPL mRNA in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells induced to
      differentiate in the presence of 1.5 nM-TNF exhibited a delayed time course for
      development of the adipocyte phenotype, as judged by attenuation of the normal
      increase in LPL mRNA that occurs with differentiation.

PMID- 3355497
TI  - The complete amino acid sequence of human skeletal-muscle fructose-bisphosphate
      aldolase.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of human skeletal-muscle fructose-bisphosphate
      aldolase, comprising 363 residues, was determined. The sequence was deduced by
      automated sequencing of CNBr-cleavage, o-iodosobenzoic acid-cleavage, trypsin
      digest and staphylococcal-proteinase-digest fragments. Comparison of the sequence
      with other class I aldolase sequences shows that the mammalian muscle isoenzyme
      is one of the most highly conserved enzymes known, with only about 2% of the
      residues changing per 100 million years. Non-mammalian aldolases appear to be
      evolving at the same rate as other glycolytic enzymes, with about 4% of the
      residues changing per 100 million years. Secondary-structure predictions are
      analysed in an accompanying paper [Sawyer, Fothergill-Gilmore & Freemont (1988)
      Biochem. J. 249, 789-793].

PMID- 3355498
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate
      aminotransferase from sheep brain and locust ganglia.
AB  - We report here the first purification to homogeneity of 4-aminobutyrate: 2
      oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19) (GABA-T) from an invertebrate source
      (locust) and its initial comparison with that of GABA-T from mammalian brain
      (sheep). The enzyme from both organisms was found to be a dimer of similar-sized
      subunits, with a native Mr of approx. 97,000. The pI of GABA-T from the locust
      was 6.7 and that of the sheep enzyme was 5.5. Michaelis constants for 4
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 2-oxoglutarate were respectively 0.79 +/- 0.16 mM
      and 0.27 +/- 0.08 mM for the locust enzyme and 2.2 +/- 0.24 mM and 0.22 +/- 0.11
      mM for the sheep enzyme. 5-(Aminomethyl)-3-isoxazolol (muscimol) was a
      competitive inhibitor of both enzymes, whereas 5-amino-1,3
      cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid (gabaculine) acted as a potent suicide substrate.
      However, 3-aminopropane-1-sulphonic acid, diaminobutyric acid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro
      1-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (isoguvacine), beta-(aminomethyl)-4
      chlorobenzenepropanoic acid (baclofen), bicuculline and picrotoxin did not
      inhibit either enzyme at concentrations below 100 mM. Polyclonal antisera raised
      against GABA-T from the sheep failed to cross-react with the enzyme from locust
      in either an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion plate or a competitive enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. The purification procedures differed considerably. Ion
      exchange chromatography, which was found suitable for the purification of GABA-T
      from the sheep, was ineffective with locust enzyme, which was finally purified by
      hydrophobic-interaction chromatography and chromatofocusing.

PMID- 3355499
TI  - Fatty acid metabolism in hepatocytes isolated from rats adapted to high-fat diets
      containing long- or medium-chain triacylglycerols.
AB  - Fatty acid oxidation and synthesis were studied in isolated hepatocytes from
      adult rats adapted for 44 days on low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF), diet or high
      fat diets, composed of long-chain (LCT) or medium-chain (MCT) triacylglycerols.
      The rates of [1-14C]octanoate oxidation were almost similar in each group
      studied, whereas the oxidation of [1-14C]oleate was 50% lower in the LF group
      than in animals adapted to high-fat diets. The rates of oleate oxidation are
      inversely correlated with the rates of lipogenesis. However, it seems unlikely
      that [malonyl-CoA] itself represents the sole mechanism involved in the
      regulation of oleate oxidation during long-term LCT or MCT feeding, since: (1)
      despite a 3-fold higher concentration of malonyl-CoA in MCT-fed rats than in LCT
      fed ones, the rates of oleate oxidation are similar; (2) when malonyl-CoA
      concentration is increased after stimulation of lipogenesis (by adding lactate +
      pyruvate) in MCT-fed rats, to a level comparable with that of the LF group, the
      rate of oleate oxidation remains 55% higher than that measured under similar
      conditions in the LF-fed rats; (3) in the LF group, the 90% decrease in malonyl
      CoA concentration [by 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid] is not associated with a
      stimulation of oleate oxidation. By contrast, the sensitivity of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) to malonyl-CoA is markedly decreased in the LCT-
      and MCT-fed rats, by 90% and 70% respectively. The relevance of this decrease in
      the sensitivity of CPT I is discussed.

PMID- 3355501
TI  - Partial purification of goat kidney beta-mannosidase.
AB  - 1. Goat kidney beta-mannosidase was purified 8500-fold to a specific activity of
      65,000 nmol/h per mg of protein with a 6% yield by using multiple steps including
      cation-exchange and anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. This is
      the first description of a highly purified preparation from goat tissue; however,
      it was not homogeneous, as judged by silver-stained SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis. 2. The enzyme exhibited microheterogeneity when analysed by
      isoelectric focusing (pI 5.5-6.5). 3. Purified beta-mannosidase hydrolysed the
      terminal beta-(1----4)-linkage of oligosaccharides that accumulate in beta
      mannosidosis.

PMID- 3355500
TI  - Activation and inhibition of microsomal glutathione transferase from mouse liver.
AB  - Mouse liver microsomal glutathione transferase was purified in an N
      ethylmaleimide-activated as well as an unactivated form. The enzyme had a
      molecular mass of 17 kDa and a pI of 8.8. It showed cross-reactivity with
      antibodies raised against rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase, but not
      with any of the available antisera raised against cytosolic glutathione
      transferases. The fully N-ethylmaleimide-activated enzyme could be further
      activated 1.5-fold by inclusion of 1 microM-bromosulphophthalein in the assay
      system. The latter effect was reversible, which was not the case for the N
      ethylmaleimide activation. At 20 microM-bromosulphophthalein the activated
      microsomal glutathione transferase was strongly inhibited, while the unactivated
      form was activated 2.5-fold. Inhibitors of the microsomal glutathione transferase
      from mouse liver showed either about the same I50 values for the activated and
      the unactivated form of the enzyme, or significantly lower I50 values for the
      activated form compared with the unactivated form. The low I50 values and the
      steep slope of the activity-versus-inhibitor-concentration curves for the latter
      group of inhibitors tested on the activated enzyme indicate a co-operative effect
      involving conversion of activated enzyme into the unactivated form, as well as
      conventional inhibition of the enzyme.

PMID- 3355502
TI  - Induction of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in 3T3-L1 cells during
      differentiation.
AB  - The activity and turnover of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), the common
      component of the three 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes, were measured during
      the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The specific
      activity of E3 increased approx. 3-4-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated
      under a regimen of insulin, dexamethasone and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine for 48
      h, followed by insulin alone thereafter. A rabbit antibody to pig heart E3
      quantitatively precipitated the enzyme from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. By using
      immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis, a 3.3-fold increase was observed in
      E3 protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as compared with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, on a DNA
      basis. Pulse-labelling experiments with L-[35S]methionine revealed a 3.5-fold
      increase in the rate of synthesis of E3 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with that
      observed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In contrast, the apparent half-lives of the E3
      in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (43 h) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes (33 h) were not
      significantly different. Therefore, the 3-4-fold increase in the specific
      activity of E3 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted from an increased rate of synthesis
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 3355503
TI  - Structure elucidation of two differentiation inducing factors (DIF-2 and DIF-3)
      from the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Two endogenous differentiation-inducing factors (DIF-2 and DIF-3), which induce
      stalk-cell differentiation in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum,
      have been identified as the pentan-1-one and monochloro analogues respectively of
      (1-[(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy)phenyl]hexan-1-one). These compounds
      represent a new chemical class of effector molecules.

PMID- 3355504
TI  - The calcium, copper and zinc content of some annelid extracellular haemoglobins.
AB  - The extracellular haemoglobins of Lumbricus and Tylorrhynchus contain 50 and 61
      tightly bound calcium atoms per molecule, respectively. In addition, they contain
      one to four tightly bound copper and zinc atoms. Although the role of the latter
      is unknown, that of calcium is probably structural, assisting in the maintenance
      of the native hexagonal bilayer structure.

PMID- 3355505
TI  - Specific interaction of ivermectin with retinol-binding protein from filarial
      parasites.
AB  - Specific cellular binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid from mammalian
      and avian species may mediate the action of retinoids in the control of
      epithelial differentiation, growth and tumorigenesis. Parasite retinol-binding
      protein (PRBP) and parasite retinoic acid-binding protein (PRABP) isolated and
      characterized from parasitic worms of the family Filarioidea might be involved in
      some possible action of vitamin A compounds in these parasites. Ivermectin, a
      potent and widely used anti-parasitic drug, competes efficiently with retinol for
      retinol-binding sites on PRBP, but not for the host-tissue retinol-binding
      protein sites. The drug has no affinity for retinoic acid-binding proteins from
      either parasite or host tissues. Binding studies using radiolabelled ivermectin
      and retinol reveal that ivermectin has a higher affinity than retinol for PRBP. A
      correlation exists between the binding affinities of ivermectin analogues and
      their anti-parasitic activities. A binding-protein-mediated interrelationship may
      exist between the actions of retinol and ivermectin in the parasites, but not in
      the host tissues.

PMID- 3355506
TI  - Homology of cellular vitamin A-binding protein with DNA-binding proteins.

PMID- 3355507
TI  - Interaction of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides with an immobilized rice (Oryza
      sativa) lectin column.
AB  - The carbohydrate-binding specificity of rice (Oryza sativa) lectin was
      investigated by testing the ability of radioactively labelled glycopeptides and
      oligosaccharides to bind to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column. Rice lectin binds
      asparagine-linked oligosaccharides through the core NN'-diacetylchitobiose
      moiety. Whereas beta 1-4-mannose enhances the binding strength only to a small
      extent, alpha 1-3-linked core mannose increases it considerably. A core alpha 1-6
      linked mannose residue has a slightly inhibitory effect. Binding is not affected
      when one or both of the alpha-mannose residues are substituted with mannose at C
      2, C-3 and C-6 or with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) at C-2 positions. The
      presence of an alpha 1-6-fucose residue attached to the asparagine-linked GlcNAc
      also does not affect the binding. The binding of complex biantennary
      glycopeptides is not altered by the presence of one or two galactose residues in
      the non-reducing terminus, but the presence of one or two sialic acid residues
      decreases the binding capacity. A bisecting beta 1-4-linked GlcNAc attached to
      beta-linked mannose residue enhances the binding of sialo, asialo and
      asialoagalacto complex biantennary-type glycopeptides. Bisected hybrid-type
      glycopeptides bind very tightly to a rice lectin-Sepharose 4B column:
      Substitution of alpha 1-3-mannose residue at C-2 and C-4 with GlcNAc completely
      inhibits the binding of both bisected and non-bisected complex asparagine-linked
      glycopeptides. O-Glycosidically linked oligosaccharides containing GlcNAc bind
      very weakly to a rice lectin column. The applicability of immobilized rice lectin
      columns in the fractionation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides is discussed.

PMID- 3355508
TI  - Two genes encoding 'minor' legumin polypeptides in pea (Pisum sativum L.).
      Characterization and complete sequence of the LegJ gene.
AB  - A genomic clone from pea (Pisum sativum L.) contains all of one gene encoding a
      'minor' (B-type) legumin polypeptide, and most of a second very similar gene. The
      two genes, designated LegJ and LegK, are arranged in tandem, separated by approx.
      6 kb. A complete sequence of gene LegJ and its flanking sequences is given, with
      as much of the sequence of gene LegK as is present on the genomic clone.
      Hybridization of 3' flanking sequence probes to seed mRNA, and sequence
      comparisons with cDNA species, suggested that gene LegJ, and probably gene LegK,
      was expressed. The partial amino acid sequences of 'minor' legumin alpha- and
      beta-polypeptides were used to confirm the identity of these genes. The
      transciption start in gene LegJ was mapped. The 5' flanking sequence of gene LegJ
      contains a sequence conserved in legumin genes from pea and other species, which
      is likely to have functional significance in control of gene expression. Sequence
      comparisons with legumin genes and cDNA species from Vicia faba and soya bean
      show that separation of legumin genes into A- and B-type subfamilies occurred
      before separation of the Viciae and Glycinae tribes.

PMID- 3355509
TI  - Evidence for an essential histidine residue in D-xylose isomerases.
AB  - Diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated D-xylose isomerases from Streptomyces
      violaceoruber, Streptomyces sp., Lactobacillus xylosus and Lactobacillus brevis
      with second-order rate constants of 422, 417, 99 and 92 M-1.min-1 respectively
      (at pH 6.0 and 25 degrees C). Activity was completely restored by the addition of
      neutral hydroxylamine, and total protection was afforded by the substrate
      analogue xylitol in the presence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ according to the genus
      studied. The difference spectra of the modified enzymes revealed an absorption
      maximum at 237-242 nm, characteristic for N-ethoxycarbonylhistidine. In addition,
      the spectrum of ethoxycarbonylated D-xylose isomerase from L. xylosus showed
      absorption minima at both 280 and 230 nm, indicative for modification of tyrosine
      residues. Nitration with tetranitromethane followed by diethyl pyrocarbonate
      treatment eliminated the possibility that modification of tyrosine residues was
      responsible for inactivation, and resulted in modification of one non-essential
      tyrosine residue and six histidine residues. Inactivation of the other D-xylose
      isomerases with diethyl pyrocarbonate required the modification of one (L.
      brevis), two (Streptomyces sp.) and four (S. violaceoruber) histidine residues
      per monomer. Spectral analysis and maintenance of total enzyme activities further
      indicated that either xylitol Mg2+ (streptomycetes) or xylitol Mn2+
      (lactobacilli) prevented the modification of one crucial histidine residue. The
      overall results thus provide evidence that a single active-site histidine residue
      is involved in the catalytic reaction mechanism of D-xylose isomerases.

PMID- 3355510
TI  - Regulation of hepatic haem metabolism. Disparate mechanisms of induction of haem
      oxygenase by drugs and metals.
AB  - We studied drug- and metal-mediated increases in activity of haem oxygenase, the
      rate-controlling enzyme for haem breakdown, in chick-embryo hepatocytes in ovo
      and in primary culture. Phenobarbitone and phenobarbitone-like drugs
      (glutethimide, mephenytoin), which are known to increase concentrations of an
      isoform of cytochrome P-450 in chick-embryo hepatocytes, were found to increase
      activities of haem oxygenase as well. In contrast, 20-methylcholanthrene, which
      increases the concentration of a different isoform of cytochrome P-450, had no
      effect on activity of haem oxygenase. Inhibitors of haem synthesis, 4,6
      dioxoheptanoic acid or desferrioxamine, prevented drug-mediated induction of both
      cytochrome P-450 and haem oxygenase in embryo hepatocytes in ovo or in culture.
      Addition of haem restored induction of both enzymes. These results are
      interpreted to indicate that phenobarbitone and its congeners induce haem
      oxygenase by increasing hepatic haem formation. In contrast, increases in haem
      oxygenase activity by metals such as cobalt, cadmium and iron were not dependent
      on increased haem synthesis and were not inhibited by 4,6-dioxoheptanoic acid. We
      conclude that (1) induction of hepatic haem oxygenase activity by phenobarbitone
      type drugs is due to increased haem formation, and (2) induction of haem
      oxygenase by drugs and metals occurs by different mechanisms.

PMID- 3355511
TI  - Identification of three isoform patterns of human serum amyloid A protein.
AB  - Three patterns of human apo-SAA (serum amyloid A protein) isoforms have been
      identified by electrofocusing. In pattern 1, six major apo-SAA isoforms of pI
      6.0, 6.4, 7.0, 7.4, 7.5 and 8.0 were found. In pattern 2, the apo-SAA isoforms of
      pI 7.4 and 8.0 were not detected, whereas in pattern 3 the pI-7.0 and -7.5
      isoforms were lacking. Six patients displayed apo-SAA isoform pattern 1, 11
      displayed pattern 2 and one displayed pattern 3.

PMID- 3355512
TI  - Inhibition of agonist-induced platelet aggregation, Ca2+ mobilization and granule
      secretion by guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate and GDP in intact platelets.
      Evidence for an inhibitory mechanism unrelated to the inhibition of G-protein-GTP
      interaction.
AB  - The effect of guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP[beta S]), reported to be
      an antagonist of GTP at the G-protein-binding site, on human platelet activation
      was examined. GDP[beta S] (0.3-3 mM) had significant inhibitory effects on
      platelet aggregation and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) secretion induced by thrombin,
      collagen, the thromboxane mimetic U46619 and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) in
      intact platelets, as well as in saponin-permeabilized platelets. Similar
      inhibitory effects in intact platelets were also observed with ATP (over similar
      concentration ranges) and GDP and GTP (at 2- and 10-fold higher concentrations
      respectively). All four nucleotides also inhibited ADP-induced platelet
      aggregation in indomethacin-treated platelets under conditions where no 5HT
      secretion occurred. Inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion by
      GDP[beta S] and ATP in intact platelets was accompanied by a reduction in the
      thrombin-induced rise in intracellular Ca2+ levels and 45 kDa-protein
      phosphorylation. The results suggest that at least some of the effects of
      GDP[beta S] may be unrelated to inhibition of G-protein-GTP interaction, but,
      instead, may be mediated via an extracellular site, common to all the nucleotides
      tested and perhaps via inhibition of the effects of endogenous/released ADP. The
      usefulness of GDP[beta S] as a tool in studying G-protein-GTP interactions in
      platelets is thus questionable.

PMID- 3355514
TI  - Design and properties of a fluorescent indicator of intracellular free Na+
      concentration.
AB  - We have recently described a cryptand structure, FCryp-1, with appropriate
      properties for an indicator of intracellular free Na+ concentration using the 19F
      n.m.r. chemical shift of the incorporated 5FBAPTA [1,2-bis-(2-amino-5
      fluorophenoxy)ethane-NNN'N'-tetra-acetic acid] reporter group to measure the free
      cytosolic Na+ concentration [( Na+]i) [Smith, Morris, Hesketh and Metcalfe (1986)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 889, 82-83]. FCryp-1 carries four carboxylate groups to
      confer aqueous solubility and the indicator is membrane-permeant when the
      carboxyls are esterified with acetoxymethyl ester groups. Here we describe the
      synthesis of FCryp-2 to provide a fluorescent indicator of [Na+]i. FCryp-2
      retains the parent tribenzo (2:2:1) cryptand structure of FCryp-1, in which the
      benzenoid ring at C-21 in FCryp-1 is replaced by an indole derivative which acts
      as the fluorophor in FCryp-2. With excitation at 340 nm, FCryp-2 gives an
      emission maximum at 460 nm in the absence of Na+ which shifts to 395 nm when
      FCryp-2 is saturated with Na+, with an isosbestic point at 455 nm. The apparent
      dissociation constant of FCryp-2 in a buffer solution of 100 mM-KCl/20 mM
      KH2PO4/K2HPO4, pH 7.0, at 37 degrees C is 6.0 mM and the free Na+ concentration
      can be measured either from the calibrated fluorescence intensity at 395 nm,
      which increases 25-fold when Na+ is bound to FCryp-2, or from the ratio of
      fluorescence intensities at 395 nm and 455 nm. The measurement of free [Na+] by
      either method is unaffected by K+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ in the normal intracellular
      concentration ranges. Free [Na+] measurements by the ratio method are unaffected
      by pH from 6.6 to 7.6.

PMID- 3355513
TI  - A comparison of lactogenic receptors from rat liver and Nb2 rat lymphoma cells by
      using cross-linking techniques.
AB  - Lactogenic receptors were analysed with the use of the cross-linking agent
      disuccinimidyl suberate to attach covalently 125I-labelled ovine prolactin or
      human growth hormone to binding sites from (1) liver from pregnant rats and (2)
      the rat-derived Nb2 lymphoma cell line. Analysis by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis of the proteins cross-linked to labelled hormone in rat liver
      indicated a major specifically-labelled complex with an Mr of 68,000-72,000, when
      run under reducing or non-reducing conditions. With Nb2 cells a major
      specifically-labelled complex with an Mr of 97,000-110,000 was identified, but
      only when electrophoresis was run using reducing conditions. Assuming one hormone
      molecule (Mr 22,000-24,000) per hormone-receptor complex, then the receptor
      proteins have an Mr of 44,000-50,000 for rat liver and 73,000-88,000 for the Nb2
      cells. For both cell types the receptors were of lactogenic specificity;
      lactogenic hormones competed for binding whereas somatogenic hormones did not.
      These studies suggest that the lactogenic receptors in rat liver membranes and
      Nb2 cells differ in two respects. Firstly, the Mr of the labelled receptor
      protein in Nb2 cells is greater than that of the corresponding receptor protein
      in rat liver membranes; secondly, the Nb2 cell receptor appears to exist as a
      disulphide-linked oligomer whereas the receptor in rat liver membranes does not.

PMID- 3355515
TI  - Histone acetylation in chicken erythrocytes. Rates of deacetylation in immature
      and mature red blood cells.
AB  - We analysed the rates of histone deacetylation in chicken mature and immature red
      blood cells. A multiplicity of deacetylation rates was observed for the histones
      and these rates may be subdivided into two major categories based on the extent
      of histone acetylation. In one set of experiments, cells were labelled with
      [3H]acetate in the presence of the deacetylase inhibitor n-butyrate, thereby
      accumulating radiolabel in the hyperacetylated forms of the histone. These
      hyperacetylated forms are deacetylated rapidly. [3H]Acetate-labelled tetra
      acetylated H4 (H4Ac4) in mature cells was deacetylated with an initial half-life
      (t1/2) of approximately 5 min (time required for the removal of one-half of the
      labelled acetyl groups). In immature cells, all [3H]acetate-labelled H4Ac4 was
      deacetylated with a t1/2 of approximately 5 min. Erythrocytes were also labelled
      with [3H]acetate for extended periods in the absence of the deacetylase
      inhibitor. During this period, radiolabel accumulated predominantly in the mono-
      and di-acetylated forms of the histone. Using this protocol, the rate of
      deacetylation of H4Ac1 was observed to be approximately 145 min for mature cells,
      and approximately 90 min for immature cells, demonstrating that the less
      extensively acetylated histone is deacetylated slowly. These results are
      discussed in the context of the rates of histone acetylation in chicken red blood
      cells described in the companion paper [Zhang & Nelson (1988) Biochem. J. 250,
      233-240].

PMID- 3355516
TI  - Metal ion binding to D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoruber.
AB  - The binding of two activating cations, Co2+ and Mg2+, and of one inhibitory
      cation, Ca2+, to D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces violaceoruber was
      investigated. Equilibrium-dialysis and spectrometric studies revealed that the
      enzyme binds 2 mol of Co2+/mol of monomer. Difference absorption spectrometry in
      the u.v. and visible regions indicated that the environment of the first Co2+ ion
      is markedly different from that of the second Co2+ ion. The first Co2+ appears to
      have a six-co-ordinate. The conformational change induced by binding of Co2+ to
      the first site is maximum after the addition of 1 equivalent of Co2+ and yields a
      binding constant greater than or equal to 3.3 x 10(6) M-1. Binding of Co2+ to the
      second, weaker-binding, site caused a visible difference spectrum. The
      association constant estimated from Co2+ titrations at 585 nm agrees
      satisfactorily with the value of 4 x 10(4) M-1 obtained from equilibrium
      dialysis. Similarly, the enzyme undergoes a conformational change on binding of
      Mg2+ or Ca2+, the binding constants being estimated as 1 x 10(5) M-1 and 5 x
      10(5) M-1 respectively. Competition between the activating Mg2+ and Co2+ and the
      inhibitory Ca2+ ion for both sites was further evidenced by equilibrium dialysis
      and by spectral displacement studies.

PMID- 3355517
TI  - Studies on the biotin-binding site of avidin. Tryptophan residues involved in the
      active site.
AB  - Egg-white avidin was modified with the tryptophan-specific reagent 2-hydroxy-5
      nitrobenzyl bromide. The complete loss of biotin-binding activity was achieved
      upon modification of an average of one tryptophan residue per avidin subunit. The
      identity of the modified residues was determined by isolating the relevant
      tryptic and chymotryptic peptides from CNBr-cleaved avidin fragments. The results
      demonstrate that Trp-70 and Trp-110 are modified in approximately equivalent
      proportions. It is believed that these residues are located in the active site of
      avidin and take part in the binding of biotin.

PMID- 3355518
TI  - Myosin heavy chain composition of single fibres from normal human muscle.
AB  - Electrophoretic analysis in the presence of 33% glycerol of purified myosin from
      normal human muscle shows three distinct protein bands which are identified as
      type 1, 2B, and 2A myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms by affinity-purified
      polyclonal antibodies. Analysis of MHC of single human muscle fibres shows that
      human muscles contain a large population of fibres showing the coexistence of
      type 2A and 2B MHC.

PMID- 3355519
TI  - Abrupt transitions in kinetic plots: an artifact of plotting procedures.

PMID- 3355520
TI  - A relationship between the activities of hepatic lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase
      and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase.
AB  - At 1-2 h after intragastric administration of ketoconazole, a cytochrome P-450
      inhibitor, to rats, there was a 50-60% decrease in the activity of hepatic 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Inhibition reached a maximum at
      6-12 h after the drug was given, but after 24 h enzyme activity was stimulated by
      60%. The rates of synthesis of hepatic non-saponifiable lipids in vivo showed a
      similar time-dependent pattern of change. During the first few hours after drug
      administration, the hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of lanosterol
      was suppressed in vivo. However, 24 h after treatment, this activity was
      stimulated, an effect which was also observed by pre-treatment of the rats with
      the drug for several days. Suppression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and
      lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase activities was accompanied by a relative increase
      in the accumulation of labelled polar sterols in the liver in vivo. In the
      intestine, ketoconazole also resulted in a rapid decline in the rate of synthesis
      of non-saponifiable lipids and an inhibition of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation
      in vivo. However, in contrast with the liver, there was no stimulation of non
      saponifiable lipid synthesis after 24 h.

PMID- 3355521
TI  - Characterization of degradation process of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunum with
      monoclonal-antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - As shown previously, during degradation of sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunum,
      degradation of the sucrase active site occurs before that of isomaltase active
      site [Goda & Koldovsky (1985) Biochem. J. 229, 751-758]. To characterize further
      the process of sucrase-isomaltase degradation in jejunum, we determined the
      amounts of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase in rat jejunum by using a monoclonal
      antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By employing two alternative
      monoclonal antibodies (one reacting with the sucrase subunit and the other
      reacting with the isomaltase subunit), the amount of antigen-containing sucrase
      subunit and the amount of antigen-containing isomaltase subunit were separately
      quantified. In both upper and lower jejunum of rats, the amount of antigen
      containing isomaltase subunit was always higher than the amount of antigen
      containing sucrase subunit. This difference was attributable mainly to a
      degradation product of sucrase-isomaltase, which was identified as isomaltase
      monomer. Occlusion of pancreatic ducts for 18 h eliminated the difference between
      the amount of antigen-containing sucrase subunit and the amount of antigen
      containing isomaltase subunit in both upper and lower jejunum. In jejunum of
      control animals, the molar ratio of sucrase subunit to isomaltase subunit was
      estimated to be 0.32-0.52, indicating that quite a large proportion of sucrase
      isomaltase (48-68%) is present as degradation products (e.g. isomaltase monomer).
      These results support the model of degradation process of sucrase-isomaltase in
      brush-border membranes of rat jejunum, whereby degradation of sucrase subunit by
      the action of pancreatic proteinase(s) precedes degradation of isomaltase
      subunit.

PMID- 3355522
TI  - Rat liver cytosol contains NADPH- and GSH-dependent factors able to restore
      ornithine decarboxylase inactivated by removal of thiol reducing agents.
AB  - Removal of dithiothreitol (DTT) from partially purified ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) led to an almost complete inhibition of enzymic activity. The inactivation
      was reversed by addition of millimolar concentrations of DTT, whereas natural
      reductants such as NADPH or NADH were ineffective, and GSH had only a limited
      effect. Addition of rat liver cytosol to the incubation mixture resulted in a
      noticeable re-activation of ODC; however, dialysed cytosol had little effect
      unless NADPH or GSH was present. Fractionation of rat liver cytosol by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-75 yielded two fractions involved in the NADPH- and GSH
      dependent re-activation of ODC: one designated 'A', eluted near the void volume
      (Mr greater than or equal to 60,000), and the other designated 'B', eluted later
      (Mr approx. 12,000). The NADPH-dependent mechanism required both fractions A and
      B for maximal ODC re-activation; the most effective concentration of NADPH was
      0.15 mM, although a significant effect was observed at a concentration more than
      10-fold lower. The GSH-dependent mechanism involved the mediation of Fraction B
      only, and operated at millimolar concentrations of GSH. These results suggest the
      existence of reducing systems in the cytosol, which may play a role in
      maintaining, and potentially in regulating, ODC activity by modulation of its
      thiol status.

PMID- 3355523
TI  - Properties of hexose-transport regulatory mutants isolated from L6 rat myoblasts.
AB  - A hexose-transport regulatory mutant (D1/S4) was isolated from L6 rat myoblasts
      on the basis of its resistance to detachment and cell lysis in the presence of
      antibody and complement. Growth studies indicated that D1/S4 cells had a slower
      doubling time (29 h) compared with the parental L6 cells (22 h). Furthermore,
      after 9 days growth, less than 1% cell fusion was observed with D1/S4 cells,
      whereas 95% cell fusion was observed with the L6 cells. When the parental L6
      cells were starved of glucose or treated with anti-L6 antibody, a significant
      increase in the Vmax, of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (dGlc) and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose
      (MeGlc) transport was observed. Although glucose-grown D1/S4 cells possessed
      normal hexose-transport activity, the above treatments had no effect on dGlc and
      MeGlc transport in these cells. Electrophoresis and immunoblotting studies
      revealed that D1/S4 cells possessed decreased amounts of a 112 kDa plasma
      membrane protein. It is conceivable that this protein may play a role in
      triggering the antibody- and glucose-starvation-mediated activation of hexose
      transport and in myogenic differentiation. Unlike D1/S4, mutant F72, a mutant
      defective in the high-affinity hexose-transport system, was found to possess
      normal amounts of the 112 kDa protein. Although glucose starvation has no effect
      on the hexose-transport activity in this mutant, its hexose transport activity
      can be increased by antibody treatment. These studies with mutants suggest the
      involvement of regulatory components in the activation of hexose transport.

PMID- 3355524
TI  - Underhydroxylated minor cartilage collagen precursors cannot form stable triple
      helices.
AB  - Matrix-free cells from chick-embryo sterna were incubated with various
      concentrations of 2,2'-bipyridyl, an iron chelator that inhibits prolyl
      hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylase. At concentrations in the region of 0.1 mM,
      significant effects on cartilage collagen hydroxylation and secretion were
      observed. When the underhydroxylated collagens were subsequently digested with
      chymotrypsin or chymotrypsin plus trypsin at 4 degrees C for 15 min, the minor
      cartilage collagen precursors (namely types IX and XI) were extensively degraded;
      type II procollagen was only partially susceptible and was converted into
      underhydroxylated collagen. The results demonstrate that there were significant
      differences in triple-helix stability among cartilage collagens such that the
      underhydroxylated minor collagen precursors were unable to attain a native
      structure under conditions where type II procollagen was successful.

PMID- 3355525
TI  - Synthesis and degradation of collagens in skin of healthy and protein
      malnourished rats in vivo, studied by 18O2 labelling.
AB  - To explore the effects of growth retardation, caused by restricted protein
      intake, on collagen turnover in the whole skin, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 20) were
      labelled with 18O2 and fed on either an adequate (18%) or a low (3%) lactalbumin
      diet. Skin biopsies were obtained at intervals during the following 6 months.
      Independent groups of animals (n = 186) were used to determine the size of the
      0.5 M-acetic acid-soluble and -insoluble collagen pools in the entire skin of
      healthy and malnourished rats. Collagen was estimated by measurement of
      hydroxyproline. Soluble-collagen synthesis rates were equivalent to 99 +/- 8
      mumol of hydroxyproline/day in healthy animals and 11 +/- 2 mumol/day in
      malnourished rats. Insoluble-collagen synthesis rates were 32 and 5 mumol of
      hydroxyproline/day in the healthy and protein-depleted rats respectively. The
      degradation of soluble collagen amounted to 37 +/- 8 and 6 +/- 2 mumol of
      hydroxyproline/day in the healthy and malnourished groups respectively. Efflux of
      collagen from the soluble collagen, defined as the sum of the rate of soluble
      collagen that is degraded plus that which matures into insoluble collagen, was 70
      +/- 8 and 11 +/- 2 mumol of hydroxyproline/day in the healthy and malnourished
      groups respectively. Insoluble collagen was not degraded in either group. The
      fraction of soluble collagen leaving the pool that was converted into insoluble
      collagen was 0.46 in both diet groups. It is concluded that the turnover of
      soluble collagen is markedly decreased with malnutrition, but degradation and
      conversion into insoluble collagen account for the same proportions of efflux
      from the soluble-collagen pool as in rapidly growing rats.

PMID- 3355526
TI  - Hydroperoxide-mediated fragmentation of proteins.
AB  - 1. Chemiluminescence and benzoic acid hydroxylation were used to detect oxygen
      centred free-radical production by 2.5 mM-H2O2 and 100 microM-Cu2+. Free radicals
      could not be detected by these methods when H2O2 was replaced with 10 mM-t-butyl
      hydroperoxide (TBH) or 10 mM-cumene hydroperoxide (CH). The inclusion of the
      thiol compound dithioerythritol (DTET; 100 microM) increased radical production
      by H2O2 and Cu2+ as judged by both assays. Mannitol scavenged radicals in the
      chemiluminescence system in a dose-dependent manner. 2. H2O2, TBH and CH, each
      with Cu2+, gave rise to substantial fragmentation of the protein bovine serum
      albumin (BSA). This fragmentation could be increased by the inclusion of DTET.
      Omission of Cu2+ or the addition of the chelator DETAPAC (diethylenetriaminepenta
      acetic acid; 1 mM) lead to virtual abolition of fragmentation. Autoxidized lipid
      in the presence of Cu2+ caused protein fragmentation by reactions of lipid
      hydroperoxides. 3. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS
      confirmed that production of fragments had occurred. 4. Susceptibility of BSA to
      enzymic hydrolysis by two different proteinases acting at pH 5 and pH 7.2 was
      increased after a limited exposure to hydroperoxides in the presence of Cu2+. 5.
      These results may have biological significance, particularly for proteins in
      lipid environments (e.g. membrane proteins and lipoproteins).

PMID- 3355527
TI  - Comparison of triacylglycerol synthesis in rat brown and white adipocytes.
      Effects of hypothyroidism and streptozotocin-diabetes on enzyme activities and
      metabolic fluxes.
AB  - 1. Adipocytes were isolated from the interscapular brown fat and the epididymal
      white fat of normal, streptozotocin-diabetic and hypothyroid rats. 2.
      Measurements were made of the maximum rate of triacylglycerol synthesis by
      monitoring the incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into acylglycerol glycerol in the
      presence of palmitate (1 mM) and insulin (4 nM) and of the activities of the
      following triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes: fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FAS),
      mitochondrial and microsomal forms of glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT),
      dihydroxyacetonephosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT), monoacylglycerol phosphate
      acyltransferase (MGPAT), Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PPH) and
      diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT). 3. FAS activity in brown adipocytes was
      predominantly localized in the mitochondrial fraction, whereas a microsomal
      localization of this enzyme predominated in white adipocytes. Subcellular
      distributions of the other enzyme activities in brown adipocytes were similar to
      those shown previously with white adipocytes [Saggerson, Carpenter, Cheng &
      Sooranna (1980) Biochem. J. 190, 183-189]. 4. Relative to cell DNA, brown
      adipocytes had lower activities of triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes and
      showed lower rates of metabolic flux into acylglycerols than did white adipocytes
      isolated from the same animals. 5. Diabetes decreased both metabolic flux into
      acylglycerols and the activities of triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes in white
      adipocytes. By contrast, although diabetes decreased metabolic flux into brown
      adipocyte acylglycerols by 80%, there were no decreases in the activities of
      triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes, and the activity of PPH was significantly
      increased. 6. Hypothyroidism increased metabolic flux into acylglycerols in both
      cell types, and increased activities of all triacylglycerol-synthesizing enzymes
      in brown adipocytes. By contrast, in white adipocytes, although hypothyroidism
      increased the activities of FAS, microsomal GPAT and DGAT, this condition
      decreased the activities of mitochondrial GPAT and PPH. 7. It was calculated that
      the maximum capabilities for fatty acid oxidation and esterification are
      approximately equal in brown adipocytes. In white adipocytes esterification is
      predominant by approx. 100-fold. 8. Diabetes almost abolished incorporation of [U
      14C]glucose into fatty acids in both adipocyte types. Hypothyroidism increased
      fatty acid synthesis in white and brown adipocytes by 50% and 1000% respectively.

PMID- 3355528
TI  - Rod/cone dysplasia in Irish setters. Presence of an altered rhodopsin.
AB  - On the basis of the amino acid sequence of bovine rhodopsin, a series of peptides
      from the C-terminus (Rhod-4 and Rhod-1) and external loops (Rhod-10) were
      synthesized. Rabbit antisera to these peptides recognize the rhodopsin molecule
      in whole retina from 8-week-old normal and affected rcdl (rod/cone-dysplasic)
      Irish setters (8- and 4-weeks-old). When the rhodopsin content was equalized by
      using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, the reaction with anti-peptide antisera to
      the C-terminal octapeptide (residues 341-348) is severely decreased in the rcdl
      dog retinas. The results of mixing experiments suggest that this is not due to
      proteolytic clipping of the rhodopsin C-terminus from the affected dogs.
      Treatment of retinas with 1.0 mM-NaF, a phosphatase inhibitor, or pretreatment
      with alkaline and acid phosphatases does alter the reaction of the rhodopsin with
      anti-rhodopsin antisera. This suggests that the decreased reaction of the
      affected rhodopsin with the anti-peptide antisera may partially result from
      differences in intrinsic rhodopsin phosphorylation. However, since the reaction
      of rcdl retinas cannot be restored to that of the normals, these results suggest
      that the rhodopsin molecule from the rcdl dogs may be structurally altered in
      other ways.

PMID- 3355529
TI  - Alpha-adrenergic suppression of very-low-density-lipoprotein triacylglycerol
      secretion by isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effect of adrenaline on triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion was examined
      in isolated rat hepatocytes. Cells were incubated with 0.5 mM-[1-14C]oleate, and
      the accumulation of triacylglycerol and [14C]triacylglycerol was measured in the
      incubation medium. Triacylglycerol appearing in the medium was present in a form
      with properties similar to very-low-density lipoproteins. Triacylglycerol,
      [14C]triacylglycerol and [14C]phospholipid contents of hepatocytes were also
      determined. Addition of 10 microM-(-)adrenaline decreased accumulation of
      glycerolipid in the incubation medium and also decreased cellular
      [14C]phospholipid content. Prazosin abolished these effects, whereas propranolol
      did not. The hormone did not affect cellular triacylglycerol content or rates of
      incorporation of [1-14C]oleate into cell triacylglycerol. The effect of
      adrenaline on the removal of newly secreted triacylglycerol and the secretion of
      synthesized glycerolipid was also examined. The catecholamine did not affect
      rates of removal of newly secreted triacylglycerol. Adrenaline did inhibit the
      secretion of pre-synthesized lipid by the cells, as assessed by the appearance of
      radiolabelled triacylglycerol from hepatocytes that had been preincubated with
      [1,2,3-3H]-glycerol. Adrenaline did not affect rates of fatty acid uptake by
      hepatocytes, but did stimulate oxidation of [1-14C]oleate, principally to 14CO2.

PMID- 3355530
TI  - Amino acid sequence of versutoxin, a lethal neurotoxin from the venom of the
      funnel-web spider Atrax versutus.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of versutoxin, a lethal neurotoxic polypeptide
      isolated from the venom of male and female funnel-web spiders of the species
      Atrax versutus, was determined. Sequencing was performed in a gas-phase protein
      sequencer by automated Edman degradation of the S-carboxymethylated toxin and
      fragments of it produced by reaction with CNBr. Versutoxin consisted of a single
      chain of 42 amino acid residues. It was found to have a high proportion of basic
      residues and of cystine. The primary structure showed marked homology with that
      of robustoxin, a novel neurotoxin recently isolated from the venom of another
      funnel-web-spider species, Atrax robustus.

PMID- 3355531
TI  - Evidence for distinct functional molecular sizes of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferases I and II in rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. Estimates of the functional sizes of the molecular species responsible for the
      overt (I) and latent (II) activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in
      48 h-starved rat liver mitochondria were obtained from radiation inactivation
      experiments. 2. The decay in the activity of total CPT and that of CPT II only
      (after inhibition of CPT I) was measured in mitochondrial samples exposed to
      different doses of high-energy ionizing radiation. 3. The decay curves obtained
      by plotting residual activity of total CPT as a logarithm function of irradiation
      dose suggested the contribution of more than one target towards total CPT
      activity. 4. By contrast, in mitochondria in which CPT I activity was
      approximately 95% inhibited, the activity of CPT decayed in a simple mono
      exponential manner. Target-size analysis yielded an approximate Mr of 69,700 for
      this component (CPT II). 5. This information, as well as that on the relative non
      irradiated activities of CPT I and CPT II, was used in graphical and statistical
      methods to obtain the parameters of the decay curve for CPT I. These analyses
      yielded an approximate Mr of 96,700 for CPT I.

PMID- 3355532
TI  - Hyaluronic acid in human articular cartilage. Age-related changes in content and
      size.
AB  - Total tissue content and molecular mass of hyaluronic acid was determined in
      papain digests of human articular cartilage using a sensitive radiosorbent assay
      [Laurent & Tengblad (1980) Anal. Biochem. 109, 386-394]. 1) Hyaluronic acid
      content increased from 0.5 microgram/mg wet wt. to 2.5 micrograms/mg wet wt.
      between the ages of 2.5 years and 86 years. 2) Hyaluronic acid chain size
      decreased from Mr 2.0 x 10(6) to 3.0 x 10(5) over the same age range. 3) There
      was no age-related change in the size of newly-synthesized hyaluronic acid, which
      was of very high molecular mass, in both immature and mature cartilage. The
      results are consistent with an age-related decrease in proteoglycan aggregate
      size and suggest that modification of the hyaluronic acid chain may take place in
      the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 3355533
TI  - Retinoid metabolism in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - Uptake, esterification and release of all-trans-retinol in primary cultures of
      human retinal epithelium were studied. Cultured cells were supplemented with 3H
      labelled 11,12-all-trans-retinol, using fatty-acid-free albumin as the carrier.
      This led to incorporation of retinal and the formation of all-trans- and 11-cis
      retinyl palmitate. The metabolism of the all-trans ester was monitored in a
      medium containing various concentrations of foetal-bovine serum (FBS). In 20%
      (v/v) FBS, the ester was hydrolysed, and all-trans-retinol was released into the
      culture medium. In the absence of FBS, little ester was hydrolysed and no retinol
      was found in the medium. Dialysed or heat-inactivated FBS or fatty-acid-free
      albumin was as effective as FBS in provoking ester hydrolysis and retinol
      release. The concentration-dependency of this effect on FBS was matched by the
      corresponding concentrations of albumin alone. A linear relationship was also
      found between interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and retinoid release.
      Haemoglobin, which does not bind retinoids, is ineffective in this capacity. It
      is concluded that lipid-binding substances, mainly albumin, in FBS act as
      acceptors for retinol and drain the cultured cells of this molecule. The release
      of the retinol is coupled to the hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the cell, so
      that there is little or no net hydrolysis of ester if there is no acceptor for
      retinol in the culture medium. This effect explains why cultured human retinal
      epithelial cells are depleted of their stores of retinoids when maintained in
      medium supplemented with FBS.

PMID- 3355534
TI  - Purification and characterization of rat intestinal peroxidase. Its activity
      towards 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA).
AB  - Impure preparations of rat intestinal peroxidase were shown to aggregate at low
      ionic strengths and to disaggregate at higher values. This aggregation was
      accompanied by a decrease in specific activity, which could lead to hysteretic
      behaviour of reaction progress curves. Advantage was taken of this reversible
      aggregation to obtain a relatively pure extract, which was subsequently purified
      to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose
      followed by hydrophobic chromatography. The purified enzyme did not show the
      ionic-strength-dependent aggregation behaviour, behaving as a monomer of Mr
      50,000. The purified enzyme was shown to catalyse the peroxidatic conversion of
      the commonly used antioxidant 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (butylated
      hydroxyanisole, BHA) to form 3,3'-di-t-butyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-5,5'
      dimethoxybiphenyl, with a Km value of 176 microM and a maximum velocity of 8
      mumol/min per mg. The specificity constant, kcat./Km, for this substrate was
      similar to that shown towards the substrate guaiacol.

PMID- 3355535
TI  - Assay and properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 23-hydroxylase. Evidence that 23,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a major metabolite in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated or
      fasted guinea pigs.
AB  - Incubation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with kidney cortex mitochondria from 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated guinea pigs resulted in the formation of 23,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 as the major product. The identity of the product was
      verified by g.c.-m.s. and quantification was performed by h.p.l.c. The rates of
      the reaction were in the range 1.0-1.8 pmol/min per mg of mitochondrial protein
      (at 37 degrees C), which were 5-10 times the rates of formation of 24,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3. In mitochondrial preparations from untreated guinea pigs,
      the rate of 23-hydroxylation was below detection limit (0.02 pmol/min per mg of
      mitochondrial protein). Fasting the animals for 24 h induced the 23-hydroxylase
      almost as efficiently as treatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, with a
      concomitant depression of the 1 alpha-hydroxylase. The 23-hydroxylase reaction
      required oxidizable substrate, was decreased by low O2 partial pressures and
      inhibited by CO or the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p
      trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. It was stimulated by the respiratory-chain
      inhibitors rotenone, antimycin A and KCN. These results indicate that the guinea
      pig renal mitochondrial 23-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P-450 and that the
      reducing equivalents are primarily supplied by NADPH via the energy-dependent
      transhydrogenase.

PMID- 3355536
TI  - Use of calcium dependence as a means to study the interaction between growth
      hormones and their binding proteins in rabbit liver.
AB  - The affinity of 22,000-Mr human growth hormone (22 K-hGH) for GH binding proteins
      in rabbit liver is increased approx. 19-fold by 25 mM-Ca2+. In contrast, ovine
      growth hormone (oGH) binding is Ca2+-independent up to 10 mM, and decreased by
      greater Ca2+ concentrations. The 20,000-Mr hGH variant (20K-hGH), lacking
      residues 32-46, exhibits intermediate behaviour. Without Ca2+ there is a residual
      40% of maximum specific binding to liver microsomes, and this increases to 65%
      with liver cytosolic GH binding proteins. In contrast with 22K-hGH, Scatchard
      analysis of 20K-hGH binding to liver microsomes produces curvilinear plots in the
      presence of 25 mM-Ca2+. From these results and inhibition studies with monoclonal
      antibodies to the GH binding proteins, it is concluded that deletion of the
      region 32-46 from 22K-hGH has eliminated one component of high-affinity Ca2+
      potentiable binding. The Ca2+-mediated increase in Ka for the 22K-hGH-binding
      protein interaction is consistent with convergence of unit negative charges on
      the hormone and binding protein towards an intercalated Ca2+ ion. A positive
      charge in the critical region of nonprimate GHs would render their interactions
      Ca2+-independent and of lower Ka compared with 22K-hGH. A likely candidate for
      the negatively charged interactive residue is glutamate-33, since it is unique to
      human GH and is replaced by a positively charged arginine in non-primate GHs. Its
      absence in 20K-hGH could explain the altered calcium-dependence of 20K-hGH
      binding to what is probably the type 2 binding protein [Barnard & Waters (1986)
      Biochem. J. 237, 885-892]. The Ca2+-dependence of 20K-hGH binding to a subset of
      GH binding proteins provides both a verification and a mechanistic basis for the
      proposal [Hughes, Tokuhiro, Simpson & Friesen (1983) Endocrinology (Baltimore)
      113, 1904-1906] that 20K-hGH binds with high affinity to only a subset of binding
      proteins in rabbit liver membranes.

PMID- 3355537
TI  - Rat liver beta-glucuronidase. cDNA cloning, sequence comparisons and expression
      of a chimeric protein in COS cells.
AB  - A cDNA for rat liver beta-glucuronidase was isolated, its sequence determined and
      its expression after transfection into COS cells studied. The deduced amino acid
      sequence of the rat liver clone showed 77% homology with that from the cDNA for
      human placental beta-glucuronidase and 47% homology with that deduced from the
      cDNA for Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase. Several differences were found
      between the cDNA from rat liver and that previously reported from rat preputial
      gland. Only one change leads to an amino acid difference in the mature enzyme. A
      chimeric clone was constructed by using a fragment encoding the first 18 amino
      acid residues of the signal sequence from the human placental cDNA clone and a
      fragment from the rat clone encoding four amino acid residues of the signal
      sequence, all 626 amino acid residues of the mature rat enzyme, and all of the 3'
      untranslated region. After transfection into COS cells the chimeric clone
      expressed beta-glucuronidase activity that was specifically immunoprecipitated by
      antibody to rat beta-glucuronidase. The Mr value of 76,000 of the expressed gene
      product was characteristic of the glycosylated rat enzyme. It was proteolytically
      processed in COS cells to Mr 75,000 6 h after metabolic labelling. At least 50%
      of the expressed enzyme was secreted at 60 h post-transfection, but the secreted
      enzyme did not undergo proteolytic processing. These results provide evidence
      that the partial cDNA isolated from a rat liver library contains the complete
      coding sequence for the mature rat liver enzyme and that the chimeric signal
      sequence allows normal biosynthesis and processing of the transfected rat liver
      enzyme in COS cells.

PMID- 3355538
TI  - Identification of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity in lung type II cells
      but not in lung macrophages.
AB  - Fluorography of 14C-labelled glutamic acid residues in vitamin K-dependent
      protein precursors in lung microsomes (microsomal fractions) shows that the lung
      has several substrates that are not found in the liver. These precursor proteins
      unique to the lung have apparent molecular masses of 65, 53, 50, 36, 31 and 13
      kDa. Type II epithelial cells appear to synthesize most of the vitamin K
      dependent proteins in the lung. The 36 and the 31 kDa precursors also found in
      Type-II-cell microsomes have a similar molecular mass to those of surfactant
      associated proteins, and we have previously shown [Rannels, Gallaher, Wallin &
      Rannels (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 5952-5956] that the 36 kDa
      protein is one of the precursors for these proteins. Immunoblotting of membrane
      fragments of Type-II-cell microsomes with plasma prothrombin antibodies
      identified two prothrombin-like antigens of apparent molecular masses 68 and 65
      kDa. This raises the question as to whether Type II cells are also a potential
      site for synthesis of prothrombin and possibly other vitamin K-dependent clotting
      factors. Pulmonary macrophages appear to be devoid of vitamin K-dependent
      carboxylase activity. However, Type II epithelial cells have significant
      activity, and this activity was unaltered when these cells were maintained in
      primary culture for 3 days, suggesting that carboxylase activity is expressed in
      lung alveolar epithelium independently of culture-induced changes in cellular
      differentiation. Carboxylase activity in Type II cells was enhanced 2-fold when
      cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of 50 microM-warfarin. Type II
      cells, therefore, resemble hepatocytes with regard to their response to coumarin
      anticoagulant drugs.

PMID- 3355539
TI  - CO oxidoreductase from Streptomyces strain G26 is a molybdenum hydroxylase.
AB  - CO oxidoreductase was purified to 95% homogeneity from crude mycelial extracts of
      Streptomyces G26. The purified preparation has a specific activity of 25.7
      units/mg, a 13-fold improvement on crude soluble mycelial extracts. The native
      enzyme (Mr 282,000) is composed of non-identical subunits of Mr 110,000 and
      33,000. It is a molybdenum hydroxylase containing 1.6 mol of FAD, 7.3 mol of Fe,
      8.3 mol of acid-labile sulphide and 1.3 mol of Mo per mol of enzyme. Purified CO
      oxidoreductase catalyses the reduction of benzyl viologen, confirming the
      previously reported ability of this enzyme to interact with low-potential
      acceptors. Cytochrome c reduction cannot be accounted for entirely by non-enzymic
      reduction by superoxide radicals. NAD+ and NADP+ are not reduced, nor is
      clostridial ferredoxin.

PMID- 3355540
TI  - Synthesis and properties of Cbz-Phe-Arg-CHN2
      (benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylarginyldiazomethane) as a proteinase inhibitor.
AB  - The preparation of peptides terminating in -Arg-CHN2 has been attempted because
      of their potential value as proteinase inactivators. We have succeeded in one
      case, converting Cbz-Phe-ArgOH to the diazomethane without blocking the guanidino
      group. As expected from previous results with such reagents, the new derivative
      was extremely effective in inactivating a cysteine proteinase specific for
      cleaving at arginyl bonds, that is, clostripain. However, in contrast with the
      inertness of serine proteinases to reagents of this type in the cases examined
      previously, plasma kallikrein was inactivated by Cbz-Phe-Arg-CHN2, although with
      a considerably lower rate constant than with clostripain. Trypsin, however, was
      not inactivated, but gradually destroyed the reagent, as had been observed
      previously with chymotrypsin and Cbz-Phe-CHN2. This has now been re-examined with
      rho-nitro-Cbz-Ala-Phe-CHN2 and shown to involve a cleavage to rho-nitro-Cbz-Ala
      PheOH, probably with liberation of diazomethane.

PMID- 3355541
TI  - Heterogeneous glycosylation of Musca domestica arylphorin.
AB  - Two distinct fractions of Musca domestica arylphorin were isolated by affinity
      chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose column. The results show that in the
      hexameric arylphorin that do not bind to the lectin there is no Concanavalin A
      binding subunit and in the majority of the hexamers that bind to the lectin there
      is only one subunit with Concanavalin A binding site. The results indicate that
      the carbohydrate moiety of the arylphorin is not involved in its specific uptake
      by the fat bodies and integument.

PMID- 3355542
TI  - Type V collagen selectively inhibits human endothelial cell proliferation.
AB  - Type V collagen from human placenta remarkably inhibited human umbilical vein
      endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation in a dose-dependent manner when coated on
      the culture dishes. Other types of collagen (I, III, IV) and fibronectin enhanced
      HUVEC proliferation under the same conditions. The inhibitory activity of type V
      collagen was seen not only when it was coated on the dishes, but also when it was
      directly added into cell culture. The attachment effect of type V collagen did
      not differ from that of type I collagen. The inhibitory activity is a phenomenon
      selective for endothelial cells, since type V collagen did not affect the
      proliferation of human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells, aortic smooth muscle
      cells, or nasal mucosa fibroblasts.

PMID- 3355544
TI  - Possible involvement of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in proliferation and
      differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
AB  - Growth of 3T3-L1 cells was inhibited by 10(-10)-10(-7)M of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy
      vitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The potency
      of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 in inducing differentiation was low, since 3T3-L1 cells
      cultured with 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 did not become mature adipocyte-like cells but
      were changed to slightly rounded cells containing small droplet-like substances
      in the cytoplasm and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:
      NAD+2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8), the marker enzyme of differentiation to
      adipocyte, did not increase. These results together with the natural occurrence
      of this vitamin indicate that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 may play an important role in the
      cell growth and differentiation besides such known action as intestinal calcium
      transport and bone mineral mobilization.

PMID- 3355543
TI  - Chemical modification of rat cerebral cortex M1 muscarinic receptors: role of
      histidyl residues in antagonist and agonist binding.
AB  - Chemical modification of muscarinic M1 receptors in a synaptoneurosomal
      preparation of rat cerebral cortex by a hydrophilic histidyl-group-specific
      reagent, diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP), reduces the number of [3H]-4NMPB binding
      sites in a dose-dependent way. The effect can be reversed by hydroxylamine
      treatment. No such effect is observed when carbethoxylation with 2.5 mM DEP is
      carried out in the presence of atropine, 4NMPB, pirenzepine or carbachol. These
      findings indicate that DEP specifically modifies histidyl residue(s) positioned
      at the binding site in members of the M1 receptor family. However, treatment with
      2.5 mM DEP in the presence of various muscarinic ligands significantly disturbs
      the binding state of agonists. The results suggest that M1 receptors may have
      more than one histidyl residue of importance in ligand binding.

PMID- 3355545
TI  - Two major isozymes of the protein D-aspartyl/L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase from
      human erythrocytes.
AB  - We have been able to separate protein carboxyl methyltransferase activity from
      human erythrocyte cytosol into two major fractions by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography. These isozymes, designated I and II, are characterized by their
      isoelectric points of approximately 6.6 and 5.5 as determined by isoelectric
      focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The ratio of the isozymes (II/I) was found to
      range from 0.52 to 1.2 in blood samples from 14 individuals. We did not detect
      differences in this ratio between males and females. We also found no differences
      between freshly drawn and outdated blood samples. Both isozymes catalyzed the
      methylation of proteins such as ovalbumin as well as synthetic L-isoaspartyl
      containing peptides.

PMID- 3355546
TI  - Protein kinase C in the regenerating rat liver.
AB  - Protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the soluble fraction of regenerating rat liver
      showed a biphasic decrease prior to the initiation of DNA synthesis. The first
      decrease was seen at 3-6 h after partial hepatectomy (PH). The second decrease
      occurred after 14 h and continued until 24 h, while DNA synthesis began 18-20 h
      and reached peak value 22 h after PH. It is suggested that the soluble PKC in
      regenerating rat liver is activated and bound to the plasma membrane prior to the
      initiation of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3355547
TI  - Sequence analysis of the nonsteroid binding component of the calf uterine
      estrogen receptor.
AB  - Microbore reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography has been utilized
      to fractionate and purify a number of tryptic peptides generated from the 90K
      nonsteroid binding component of the calf uterine estrogen receptor. Sequence
      analysis was performed on six peptides yielding 78 unique amino acid assignments,
      this corresponds to approximately 10% of the molecule. These peptides share
      sequence similarities with three heat shock proteins, Drosophila hsp 83 (83%
      homologous), yeast hsp 90 (55%) and chicken hsp 108 (32%). The amino acid
      composition of the protein indicates a prevalence of charged amino acid residues.

PMID- 3355548
TI  - 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine DNA glycosylase activity in mammalian tissue.
AB  - The enzymatic release of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine from T2 bacteriophage DNA was
      effected by an extract of calf thymus. Like the previously described 5
      hydroxymethyluracil DNA glycosylase, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine DNA glycosylase was
      not detectable in bacterial extracts. The phylogenetic distribution of these
      activities indicates that their primary function is the maintenance of
      methylcytosine residues in differentiated tissue.

PMID- 3355549
TI  - IGF-I increases c-fos expression in FRTL5 rat thyroid cells by activating the c
      fos promoter.
AB  - We studied the effect of IGF-1 on c-fos mRNA expression in FRTL5 rat thyroid
      cells. IFG-1, or calf serum, transiently increased c-fos mRNA levels in quiescent
      FRTL5 cells, with the latter being more potent. This increase was prevented by
      actinomycin D. FRTL5 cells were stably transfected with the c-fos promoter linked
      upstream to the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Calf
      serum and IGF-1 increased c-fos promoter activity in a prolonged manner, and to
      an equal degree. Our data indicate that IGF-1, as well as additional factor(s) in
      serum, increase c-fos mRNA levels, at least in part, by activation of the c-fos
      promoter.

PMID- 3355550
TI  - Extraction of phosphorylated sperm specific histone H1 from sea urchin eggs:
      analysis of phosphopeptide maps.
AB  - Sea urchin spermatozoa contain a unique histone H1 (SpH1) with an unusual primary
      structure. Within 12 minutes postinsemination SpH1 is phosphorylated and lost
      from the chromatin. Both sperm and egg kinases phosphorylate SpH1 in vivo. Until
      now the analysis of the phosphorylation of SpH1 in eggs in vivo during the first
      12 minutes has been impossible because of the enormous volume of the egg relative
      to the sperm nucleus. Here we present the first such analysis based on the direct
      extraction of [32P]-labeled SpH1 from eggs, fractionation by HPLC, cleavage by
      CNBr and isolation of the two CNBr-generated fragments of SpH1 by HPLC. Two
      dimensional maps of the [32-P]-peptides show that at least five sites in the
      amino-terminal fragment, and five sites in the carboxyl-terminal fragment, are
      phosphorylated by 1 minute postinsemination.

PMID- 3355551
TI  - Specific [3H]propionyl-neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding in rabbit aortic membranes:
      comparisons with binding in rat brain and biological responses in rat vas
      deferens.
AB  - The binding of biologically active [3H]propionyl-NPY to rabbit aortic membranes
      was specific and saturable. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of
      binding sites with a Kd of 1.1 nM. The rank order of potencies for displacement
      of [3H]propionyl-NPY binding by NPY analogs in the aorta correlated with their
      potencies in displacing binding in brain and their activity in inhibiting
      contractions of the field-stimulated rat vas deferens. However, differences were
      noted in the absolute or relative potencies of other related polypeptides both in
      regards to aorta compared to brain NPY binding and NPY binding compared to
      activity in the vas deferens. Collectively, the results support proposals for
      heterogeneity of NPY receptors.

PMID- 3355552
TI  - Effect of the 90 kDa heat shock protein, HSP90, on glucocorticoid receptor
      binding to DNA-cellulose.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors in the IM-9 human lymphoblastoid cell line were affinity
      labeled with [3H]dexamethasone 21-mesylate and activated to a DNA-binding form by
      filtration through a Bio-Gel A-1.5m column. The 90 kDa heat shock protein, HSP90,
      was identified by labeling IM-9 cells with 35S-methionine at both 37 degrees C
      and 42 degrees C and purified to near homogeneity by sequential chromatography
      through DE52 and hydroxyapatite. Addition of purified HSP90 to activated,
      affinity labeled glucocorticoid receptors in a molecular ratio of 16 to 1
      inhibited the binding of the receptors to DNA-cellulose. HSP90 did not affect the
      binding of other proteins to DNA-cellulose, indicating that the inhibitory effect
      of HSP90 was specific for the glucocorticoid receptor. These results suggest that
      HSP90 may associate with the glucocorticoid receptor, masking its DNA-binding
      site and thereby inhibiting receptor interaction with DNA.

PMID- 3355553
TI  - Light mitochondria and cellular thermogenesis.
AB  - We show that remarkable differences exist among 3 mitochondrial subpopulations
      with regard to oxidation-phosphorylation coupling. In the heavy fraction
      (sedimenting at 3,000 g) ATP synthesis is optimized while in the medium and light
      fractions (sedimenting at 10,000 and 27,000 g, respectively) heat production
      tends to be optimized as the mitochondrial size decreases. As the oxygen
      consumption of the L-fraction drastically increases (+150%) after fifteen days of
      cold exposure, such differences have remarkable implications for the mechanism of
      cellular thermogenesis and its regulation.

PMID- 3355554
TI  - Agonist-induced changes of platelet tubulin phosphorylation.
AB  - Changes in the phosphorylation of platelet tubulin were analyzed as a function of
      platelet activation. Non-activated platelets incubated with [32P]-phosphate
      showed multiple peaks of radioactivity when solubilized platelet proteins were
      analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Both tubulin
      monomers were found to be phosphorylated. Agonistic stimulation (thrombin or 1,2
      diacylglycerol) resulted in a lowering of the phosphate incorporation into alpha-
      and beta-tubulin. Such changes we believe are important in the modulation of the
      reversible polymerization-depolymerization of platelet tubulin that occurs in the
      course of the agonistic stimulation of platelets.

PMID- 3355555
TI  - 1-O-hexadec-1'-enyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and its biological
      activity.
AB  - 1-O-Alk-1'-enyl analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine, alkylacetyl-GPC) was prepared semi-synthetically from
      choline plasmalogens of beef heart muscle. The main compound was identified mass
      spectrometrically as 1-hexadec-1'-enyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:O
      alk-1'-enylacetyl-GPC, 16:O vinyl form of PAF) and its platelet aggregation
      activity was about one-fifth of that of the corresponding 16:O alkylacetyl-GPC.
      The irreversible platelet aggregation activity induced by 5X10(-10) M 16:O alk-1'
      enylacetyl-GPC was completely inhibited by 5X10(-7) M CV-3988 and 1X10(-7) M L
      652, 731, specific PAF antagonists, and more than 99% of the activity was also
      lost by acid treatment. The hydrogenated product, alkylacetyl analog, showed
      quite same activity as that of authentic 16:O alkylacetyl-GPC. The platelets
      desensitized with 16:O alkylacetyl-GPC and with 16:O alk-1'-enylacetyl-GPC were
      not aggregated with 5X10(-10) M 16:O alk-1'-enylacetyl-GPC, suggesting that alk
      1'-enylacetyl-GPC occupied the same receptor site of alkylacetyl-GPC.

PMID- 3355556
TI  - Synthesis of porcine C5a anaphylatoxin by the solution procedure and confirmation
      of the reported structure.
AB  - Porcine C5a anaphylatoxin, the primary structure of which was first determined by
      Gerard and Hugli in 1980 as a 74-amino acid peptide having three intramolecular
      disulfide bonds, was synthesized by the solution procedure applying our maximum
      protection strategy. The fully deprotected peptide was subjected to air oxidation
      in an acetate buffer at pH 7.5, and the product was isolated as a single entity
      by HPLC. Amino acid analysis and biological activities of the synthetic peptide
      agreed well with the reported values. However, the retention time of the
      synthetic C5a was different from that of the natural product, supplied by Dr.
      Hugli, on both reversed phase (RP) and ion-exchange (IEX) HPLC systems. The
      tryptic peptide mapping on HPLC revealed that Gln which was incorporated into the
      peptide at position 65 was replaced by Glu in the natural product. The elution
      pattern of tryptic peptides containing three disulfide bonds was identical with
      natural and synthetic C5a. It was also identical with that of a peptide which was
      synthesized following the estimated secondary structure proposed by Zimmermann
      and Vogt in 1984.

PMID- 3355557
TI  - cDNA cloning and sequencing of a new gene intensely expressed in early
      differentiation stages of embryonal carcinoma cells and in mid-gestation period
      of mouse embryogenesis.
AB  - By the differential hybridization technique, we isolated a cDNA clone, MK1, whose
      RNA level increased in early stages of retinoic acid-induced differentiation of
      embryonal carcinoma cells. The amount of MK1 RNA progressively decreased in the
      later stages of the differentiation. In mouse embryos, MK1 RNA was abundant in
      mid-gestation stages (Day 8 to Day 11) and decreased thereafter. The
      corresponding RNA was 1.0 killobase in size. From the nucleotide sequence, MK1
      gene was predicted to code a polypeptide of molecular weight 9,971, which was
      rich in basic amino acids.

PMID- 3355558
TI  - Oxidation of the 2-hydroxyamino derivative of 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:
      3',2'-d] imidazole (Glu-P-1) to its 2-nitroso form, an ultimate form reacting
      with hemoglobin thiol groups.
AB  - The binding to hemoglobin of synthetic 2-hydroxyamino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:
      3',2'-d] imidazole from the carcinogenic product of L-glutamic acid pyrolysis 2
      amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a: 3',2'-d] imidazole were investigated in vitro. The
      hydroxylamine required oxidation to its nitroso derivative to bind to rat
      hemoglobin through thiol groups. Oxidation of the hydroxylamine to the nitroso
      form was found to be enhanced by oxyhemoglobin and superoxide dismutase at pH 7.4
      under aerobic conditions. Since these conditions might also enhance this
      oxidation in vivo, the conversion of the DNA-reactive arylhydroxylamines to the
      DNA-non-reactive nitroso compounds and their subsequent binding to highly
      abundant thiol groups of proteins could be considered as a process for
      detoxification of toxic arylhydroxylamines.

PMID- 3355559
TI  - Substrate specificity of Ca2+/CaM-dependent multifunctional protein kinases:
      comparison of isoenzymes from brain, liver and skeletal muscle.
AB  - Ca2+/CaM-dependent multifunctional protein kinase isoenzymes from brain, skeletal
      muscle and liver were compared by their phosphorylation of a number of protein
      substrates. Under the conditions of assay, the three isoenzymes demonstrated
      rapid phosphorylation of synapsin I and glycogen synthase. In contrast, rates of
      phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase and phenylalanine hydroxylase were almost two
      orders of magnitude slower. Differences in phosphorylation specifically of the
      latter two substrates was also observed among the three protein kinases.
      Phosphorylation by Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinases was contrasted with cAMP
      dependent protein kinase, which phosphorylates these proteins in vitro and in
      vivo. The potential role of Ca2+/CaM-dependent multifunctional protein kinases in
      the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of these substrates is discussed.

PMID- 3355560
TI  - Partial purification of 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase from hog-liver.
      Evidence for a functional thiol residue.
AB  - 2,3-Oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase is an intrinsic microsomal protein which can
      be solubilized by ionic (deoxycholate) and nonionic (emulphogene) detergents with
      good yields. The hog-liver microsomal cyclase was purified approximately 140-fold
      by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite. The partially purified
      enzyme was inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide, following pseudo-first order
      kinetics, indicating that a cysteine residue is essential for activity.

PMID- 3355561
TI  - Induction of histidine decarboxylase of rat basophilic leukemia (2H3) cells
      stimulated by higher oligomeric IgE or phorbol myristate acetate.
AB  - When rat basophilic leukemia (2H3) cells were stimulated by higher oligomer, the
      chemically cross-linked oligomers of IgE, in the presence of calcium the activity
      of histidine decarboxylase (HDC, L-histidine carboxylase, E.C.4.1.1.22), a
      histamine-forming enzyme, was increased by 1 hr, reaching maximum activity by 2
      hr, and returning to the original level by 8 hr. A similar increase in enzyme
      activity was observed in cells treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or
      oleoyl-acetylglycerol (OAG), which are known activators of protein kinase C.
      Removal of calcium from medium abolished the increase in HDC activity in response
      to higher oligomer but not that induced by PMA or OAG, suggesting that the
      increase in HDC activity may be mediated by protein kinase C. The increase in the
      HDC activity probably required induction of enzyme synthesis, because it was
      prevented by cycloheximide.

PMID- 3355562
TI  - The effect of inosine on the post ischemic heart as bio-energy recovering factor
      in 31P-MRS.
AB  - Perfused guinea-pig hearts, which were analyzed by 31P-MRS, were subjected to 30
      and 60 minute ischemia and reperfused using two perfusates, one containing 200
      microM inosine, and the other without inosine. After 4 hour reperfusion with
      inosine, ATP levels increased to 95.5% of preischemic value (30 minute ischemia)
      and 76.2% (60 minute ischemia). However, after 4 hour reperfusion without
      inosine, ATP levels increased only to 72.2% (30 minute ischemia) and to 48.2% (60
      minute ischemia). In 60 minute ischemic hearts reperfused with inosine, left
      ventricular maximal positive dp/dt (LV dp/dt) was improved significantly to 82.4%
      after 6 hour reperfusion in contrast to hearts reperfused without inosine
      (43.1%). Administration of inosine was very useful for increasing myocardial
      gross energy product and improving cardiac performance.

PMID- 3355563
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for non-glycosylated porcine prolactin and for
      pituitary porcine prolactin.
AB  - Glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of porcine pituitary prolactin were
      prepared using Concanavalin A Sepharose chromatography. Anti-prolactin monoclonal
      antibodies were screened for their ability to distinguish these two forms. One
      monoclonal antibody (17D9) exhibited high affinity binding for the non
      glycosylated form of porcine prolactin, but little or no affinity for the
      glycosylated form. Using this antibody in conjunction with other monoclonals
      which equally recognize both forms, we developed immunoassays which can be used
      to determine the amount of the glycosylated vs. non-glycosylated prolactin in
      serum or other tissue samples.

PMID- 3355564
TI  - Bioalkylation and biooxidation of anthracene, in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Anthracene undergoes biomethylation in rat liver cytosol preparations in vitro
      and in rat subcutaneous tissue, in vivo. The in vitro reaction is dependent on
      cytosol preparations fortified by the addition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The
      products of the reaction are the meso-anthracenic or L-region derivatives 9
      methylanthracene and 9,10-dimethylanthracene. The latter compound may be the
      simplest polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen known. These reactive
      methylated metabolites are readily oxidized in cytosol preparations and in
      subcutaneous tissue, in vivo, to hydroxymethyl and formyl derivatives. Oxidation
      takes place mainly on the methyl groups since ring oxidized products were not
      detected.

PMID- 3355565
TI  - The heterogeneity of protein kinase C in various rat tissues.
AB  - Expression of multiple subspecies of protein kinase C (PKC) was studied in
      various rat tissues. Three types of the enzyme designated type I, II, and III
      were analyzed, which have the structures of gamma-, beta- (beta I- and beta II-),
      and alpha-sequence, respectively. Type I enzyme was found only in the central
      nervous tissue, whereas type III enzyme appeared to be commonly present in
      various tissues such as liver, spleen, lung, testis, heart, and kidney. Type II
      enzyme was also found in these tissues. However, immunoblot and biochemical
      analysis indicated that type II enzyme of lung and heart was distinct from that
      of other tissues. The tissue-specific expression of PKC suggests that each
      subspecies of this enzyme has a defined function in processing and modulating
      tissue responses to external stimuli.

PMID- 3355566
TI  - Aspirin prevents the nonenzymatic glycosylation and carbamylation of the human
      eye lens crystallins in vitro.
AB  - When the human eye lens homogenate which was incubated with [14C]-acetylsalicylic
      acid (aspirin) and separated into alpha-, beta-, and gamma - crystallins by
      Sepharose 6B gel-filtration, the radiolabel was found in all the three
      crystallins. The significant decreases in the free zeta-amino groups of aspirin
      treated crystallins as compared to the untreated ones indicate the probable sites
      of acetylation in the crystallins. The inhibition of the binding of [14C]-glucose
      and [14C]-cyanate to the aspirin pre-treated crystallins suggests that prior
      acetylation with aspirin prevents the occurrence of the nonenzymatic
      glycosylation and carbamylation of the lens crystallins in vitro.

PMID- 3355567
TI  - Androgenic control of acetate incorporation into membrane lipids in rat ventral
      prostate.
AB  - The rat ventral prostate plasma membranes incorporated acetate into total lipids,
      which was a time-dependent process. The acetate incorporation was mainly into
      phospholipids followed by cholesterol. The main phospholipids subclasses were
      choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids. Castration modified drastically
      both cholesterol-phospholipids and choline glycerophospholipids-ethanolamine
      glycerophospholipids ratios. These effects of castration were reversed after
      testosterone treatment, which could suggest an influence of this hormone in the
      modification of some lipid classes into cellular membrane.

PMID- 3355568
TI  - Asymmetric transport of D-glucose anomers across the human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The anomeric preference in the influx and efflux of D-glucose across the human
      erythrocyte membrane was studied. beta-D-Glucose was transported 1.5 times faster
      than alpha-D-glucose into the cells, when washed cells were incubated at 20
      degrees C in medium containing either alpha- or beta-D-glucose (100 mM). On the
      other hand, no difference between half-times of efflux of the two anomers was
      distinguishable. The result demonstrates the presence of influx-efflux asymmetry
      in anomeric preference in D-glucose transport across the human erythrocyte
      membrane, and is consistent with the view (Barnett et al., Biochem. J. 145, 417
      429, 1975) that the C-1 hydroxyl group of D-glucose interacts with the D-glucose
      transport protein only in the influx, but not in the efflux.

PMID- 3355569
TI  - Oscillatory behaviour and unsaturated fatty acid composition of diabetic liver
      mitochondria.
AB  - Volume oscillations of liver mitochondria resulting from valinomycin induced K+
      transport, may be represented by the equation At/Am = C'.exp(-beta t).sin(omega
      1t+ psi) where At is the oscillation amplitude at time t; Am, the maximal
      amplitude; beta, the damping coefficient, omega 1 the oscillation frequency, and
      C' and psi, constants. The kinetic parameters beta and omega 1 increased as a
      function of valinomycin concentration. Measurement of beta and omega 1 for
      mitochondria from normal rats (A); diabetic rats (B), and normal rats fed corn
      oil or lard-supplemented diets (C and D, respectively), yielded an increase in
      beta (P less than 0.05) in B and D as compared with A, and a decrease in omega 1
      in B and D as compared with A and C, respectively. Analysis of mitochondrial
      lipids revealed significant diminution of arachidonic acid and other polyenoic
      fatty acids in diabetic and lard-fed rats, as compared with normal rats and corn
      oil-fed rats, respectively. The conclusion is drawn that the abnormal oscillatory
      behaviour of diabetic liver mitochondria is related to the alteration of the
      membrane fatty acid composition.

PMID- 3355570
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormones on the levels of metabolic intermediates in diabetic
      rat liver.
AB  - Experimental diabetes results in an inhibition of the glycolytic and lipogenic
      pathways in rat liver, while treatment of diabetic rats with T3 for four days
      increases the activity of a number of enzymes linked to lipogenesis. Hepatic
      metabolites were estimated in control (untreated), control + T3-treated, alloxan
      diabetic and alloxan-diabetic + T3-treated rats. Diabetes resulted in the
      expected decrease in the content of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and an increase in
      the content of cyclic AMP and citrate, changes consistent with an inhibition of
      hepatic glycolysis. Treatment of diabetic rats with T3 did not reverse these
      changes. There was a marked accumulation of both acetyl CoA and citrate in the
      diabetic rat liver, which was of even greater magnitude in diabetic and in the T3
      treated group. In addition, T3 treatment significantly increased the free CoA
      content of liver in both normal and diabetic groups. Of the parameters measured
      which influence lipogenesis, including long chain acyl CoA, the energy charge and
      redox state of the nicotinamide nucleotides, the raised hepatic citrate content
      correlated most closely with the known increase in lipogenesis in diabetic rats
      treated with T3 for a four day period.

PMID- 3355571
TI  - Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides showing abnormal mobilities on polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis.
AB  - We found that synthetic DNA fragments containing a GCGAAAGC sequence showed
      higher mobilities than oligonucleotides without the sequence on denaturing
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For example, the fragment, GCGAAAGCT (9mer),
      showed higher mobility than the corresponding 8mer (CGAAAGCT). In addition, on
      Maxam-Gilbert sequencing, a 21mer containing the GCGAAAGC sequence showed an
      abnormal pattern, which were similar to those due to compression observed on
      sequencing of DNAs with high GC contents, as recently reported. It was suggested
      that this compression was due to the increased mobilities of the specific
      fragments with the GCGAAAGC sequence and that these fragments took on abnormal
      conformations.

PMID- 3355572
TI  - The binding mode of a mammalian (boar) protamine to DNA.
AB  - The binding modes of mammalian and fish protamines to DNA were studied by
      reconstitution experiments from dansylated protamines and DNA, using fluorescence
      spectroscopy, thermal denaturation and sedimentation. Both boar and fish
      protamines showed strong positive cooperativity in binding to DNA. Binding
      parameters of the protamines were determined in 0.1 M NaCl, 50 mM Tricine-HCl, pH
      7.4, at 37 degrees C: in the boar protamine, the cooperative binding constant
      (Kc) = 3.4 X 10(6) M-1 and the cooperative factor (q) = 667, in the fish
      protamine, Kc = 1.8 X 10(7) M-1 and q = 304. The boar protamines bound to DNA
      with two functional domains, but the fish protamines bound directly to DNA as a
      single linear molecule.

PMID- 3355573
TI  - Occurrence of a novel nucleotide, Zpp5'A2'p, in rat liver extracts.
AB  - The nucleotide Zpp5'A2'p has been isolated from rat liver. Z stands for an
      unknown compound, probably a nucleoside. The preliminary structure of Zpp5'A2'p
      has been elucidated by treatment with phosphodiesterase and/or alkaline
      phosphatase and analysis of the products of the reaction by high pressure liquid
      chromatography. The following ultraviolet absorption spectral characteristics
      were determined at pH 7.0: Zpp5'A2'p (lambda max = 265 nm; A250/A260 = 0.76;
      A280/A260 = 0.83); Zp (lambda max = 280 nm; A250/A260 = 0.88; A280/A260 = 1.46).
      The molar extinction coefficient found for Zp, at 280 nm, was (7.5 + 0.9) X 10(3)
      M-1 cm-1. The base of Zp could correspond to an indole derivative.

PMID- 3355574
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of a proteinase with elastolytic activity
      from mouse blood leukocytes.
AB  - Leukocyte elastase has been implicated in the etiology of pulmonary emphysema.
      Recently, two genetic models of emphysema have been described, in mouse, which
      may enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of emphysema. We therefore
      sought to purify mouse leukocyte elastase in order to characterize its
      biochemical properties. Leukocyte enzyme has been purified by a two-step
      procedure involving salt extraction of granular fraction, followed by preparative
      isoelectric focusing on Sephadex G-75 Superfine. The enzyme hydrolyses elastin
      and synthetic substrates for elastase, even if to a different extent. Inhibition
      studies indicates that the enzyme is a serine proteinase. Mouse elastase has a
      single isoelectric point of 8.65 and it behaves on sodium dodecyl sulphate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a major band (molecular weight 29,000) and
      two minor bands (molecular weight 27,000 and 25,800, respectively.

PMID- 3355575
TI  - Pregnancy-associated decrease in lipid peroxidation in rat liver.
AB  - A significant decrease in the hepatic malonaldehyde content and lipid
      peroxidation, induced by ascorbate, NADPH and cumene hydroperoxide, was observed
      during gestation in the rat. Lipid peroxidation tends to reach normal levels 3
      days post partum. While a significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation of
      hepatic mitochondria was observed with ascorbate and NADPH, that of microsomes
      was affected by ascorbate and cumene hydroperoxide. The observed decrease in
      lipid peroxidation during pregnancy seems to be due to lesser phospholipid
      content, a lower degree of unsaturation in lipids, and an increase in the level
      of antioxidants.

PMID- 3355577
TI  - The mechanism of the drug induced partial displacement of methyl green from DNA.
AB  - The displacement of methyl green, a dye bound ionically to double stranded DNA,
      has been suggested as a potential assay for drug-DNA interaction. The present
      investigation studies the equilibrium system of methyl green, its colorless
      carbinol form and DNA in the presence of salt (MgSO4), ethidium bromide, and
      quinine. The reversibility of the equilibrium, and the absence of sequestered
      sites or two modes of binding for methyl green are demonstrated.

PMID- 3355576
TI  - Effect of divalent cation on the structure of skeletal muscle G-actin molecule.
AB  - Trypsin and chymotrypsin were used as probes of structure-divalent cation
      relationships in G-actin molecule. The pattern of fragments produced has been
      analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The tryptic product of G
      actin, 33 kDa is a protease-resistant fragment in the presence of divalent
      cations. However, once divalent cations are eliminated from the solution during
      the digestion, the 33 kDa fragment starts to degrade into smaller peptides via a
      30 kDa fragment. On the other hand the chymotryptic product of G-actin, 35 kDa
      (precursor of 33 kDa) is rather stable even in the absence of divalent cations.
      In addition it is observed that the presence of divalent cation is necessary for
      the degradation of G-actin to the 33 kDa fragment by trypsin. The ultra violet
      and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectra of G-actin are changed after the
      elimination of divalent cations. These results suggest that the structure of G
      actin molecule depends on the presence or absence of divalent cations, and that
      the divalent cation-dependency of G-actin structure is still conserved even after
      the tryptic digestion.

PMID- 3355579
TI  - Identification of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced and decreased by
      picloram.
AB  - Microsomes from male rats treated with picloram (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 days showed
      a 48% decrease in 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity when incubated with (4-14C)
      androstenedione. These data are consistent with the assertion that picloram
      decreases the titer of hepatic male specific cytochrome P-450h. Several lines of
      evidence suggested that picloram is an inducer of hepatic cytochrome P-450 in
      male rats. First, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an intensified
      hepatic microsomal polypeptide (MW 54,000) following picloram pretreatment. This
      polypeptide co-migrated with protein bands which were correspondingly intensified
      after pretreatment with known inducers of cytochrome P-450d (3-methylcholanthrene
      and isosafrole). Second, no increase in the binding of metyrapone to picloram
      treated microsomes was noted compared with controls, suggesting no increase in
      phenobarbital-inducible forms of cytochrome P-450. Third, hepatic microsomes from
      picloram treated rats activated 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (a
      cytochrome P-450d mediated catalysis) causing a 5-fold increase in the number of
      induced Salmonella typhimurium TA98 revertant colonies formed compared with
      control microsomes. Fourth, the binding of n-octylamine to hepatic microsomes
      from picloram-treated rats showed, like microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene
      treated rats, an increase in the proportion of high-spin cytochrome P-450
      present. Cytochrome P-450d is known to be a high spin haemoprotein.

PMID- 3355578
TI  - The absence of adaptive changes in tissue activities of glutathione-S
      transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase following selenium and vitamin E
      supplementation in subjects with low selenium status.
AB  - Three groups of New Zealand women were given daily in a double blind randomised
      study, 200 micrograms Se as sodium selenite, 170 mg alpha-tocopherol or a placebo
      for 4 wk. Activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and
      catalase were assayed in erythrocytes, plasma and platelets and in liver and
      muscle biopsy tissues. No changes in activities of any of these tissue enzymes
      were observed in any of the three groups. There were also no changes in non
      selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activities in liver or plasma. The lack
      of changes in any of these enzymes following selenium supplementation suggests
      that adaptive changes to the low selenium status of these subjects had not
      occurred through these lipid peroxidation defense mechanisms.

PMID- 3355580
TI  - Cationic environment and secretin secretion in canine duodenal mucosa in vitro.
AB  - We examined the effects of the divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) and the monovalent
      cations potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) and different modalities that affect the
      fluxes of these cations on immunoreactive secretin (IRS) secretion from canine
      duodenal mucosa in vitro. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, the basal IRS
      secretion was inhibited by 29%. Increased uptake of Ca2+ by passive diffusion and
      facilitated uptake of Ca2+ by ionophore A23187 had no effect on basal IRS
      secretion. However, Ca2+ channel blocking agents, LaCl3 and verapamil, inhibited
      basal IRS secretion by 18 and 33% respectively. High concentrations of
      extracellular K+ caused a dose-dependent but delayed stimulation of IRS
      secretion. K+-stimulated IRS secretion was not neurally mediated. Similarly, 9
      aminoacridine, which blocks K+ exchange, mimicked the effects of K+. Valinomycin
      (10(-6) M) inhibited both K+-stimulated and 9-aminoacridine-stimulated IRS
      secretion. In the absence of extracellular Na+, there was a delayed inhibition of
      both basal and K+-stimulated IRS secretion. These results suggest that changes in
      cationic environment are associated with alterations in the secretion of IRS.
      High extracellular K+ concentration is conducive, and the absence of
      extracellular Na+ and Ca2+ is inhibitory to IRS secretion.

PMID- 3355581
TI  - Analysis of butylphenyl-guanine, butylphenyl-deoxyguanosine, and butylphenyl
      deoxyguanosine triphosphate inhibition of DNA replication and ultraviolet-induced
      DNA repair synthesis using permeable human fibroblasts.
AB  - The purine base and nucleoside analogues N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-guanine (BuPh-Gua)
      and N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (BuPh-dGuo) are strong inhibitors of
      isolated mammalian DNA polymerase alpha, but are less potent that expected as
      inhibitors of DNA replication in intact cultured cells [G. E. Wright, L. W.
      Dudycz, Z. Kazimierczuk, N. C. Brown and N. N. Khan, J. med. Chem. 30, 109
      (1987)]. The mechanistic basis for these observations was explored using
      permeable human fibroblasts. DNA replication in the permeable cells was inhibited
      only slightly by BuPh-Gua and BuPh-dGuo at 100 microM, the highest concentration
      which could be attained. Similar results were obtained for ultraviolet-induced
      DNA repair synthesis, a process which is though to involve the same DNA
      polymerase as replication. More detailed studies were performed using the
      corresponding nucleotide analogue, N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'
      triphosphate (BuPh-dGTP), which is much more water-soluble than the base and
      nucleoside. The apparent Ki values for BuPh-dGTP inhibition of both replication
      and ultraviolet-induced repair synthesis in permeable cells were approximately 3
      microM. These values are several hundred-fold greater than the apparent Ki for
      BuPh-dGTP inhibition of isolated human DNA polymerase alpha, which is
      approximately 10 nM. We conclude that BuPh-Gua and BuPh-dGuo are poor inhibitors
      of DNA replication in intact cells not because of permeability barriers, but
      because, unlike polymerase alpha, cellular DNA synthesis is relatively
      insensitive to this group of inhibitors. These results suggest that polymerase
      alpha may not be a good general model for predicting the potency of base,
      deoxyribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleotide analogues as inhibitors of mammalian
      cellular DNA replication. The fact that the permeable cell systems accurately
      reflect the relative insensitivity to butylphenyl-guanine derivatives of
      mammalian DNA replication suggests that permeable cells may be useful tools in
      future studies of base and nucleoside analogues.

PMID- 3355582
TI  - Preferential alkylation by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) of
      guanines with guanines as neighboring bases in DNA.
AB  - The base sequence of DNA has been shown to influence the kinds and amounts of
      alkylation of purine bases by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea [W. T. Briscoe and L-E.
      Cotter, Chem. Biol. Interact. 56, 321 (1985)]. In the present study, the
      alkylation of DNA polymers of defined sequence by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) has been investigated. The assay involved treating poly
      (dG).poly(dC), poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT), poly(dA
      dG).poly(dC-dT), and calf thymus DNA with BCNU, followed by hydrolysis to release
      the modified purine bases and separation and quantitation of these by HPLC.
      Analysis of the results revealed that there was a 24-fold increase of 7-(beta
      hydroxyethyl)guanine (HOEtG) in poly(dG).poly(dC) relative to poly(dA-dG).poly(dC
      dT). There was also a 3-fold increase in HOEtG in poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC),
      poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) and calf thymus DNA relative to poly(dA-dG).poly(dC-dT).
      A 2- to 4-fold increase of 7(beta-aminoethyl)guanine (AmEtG) was observed in
      poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) relative to the other polymers tested. This study has
      determined that guanines in certain base sequences in polydeoxyribonucleotides
      are more susceptible to BCNU alkylation at the N-7 position than guanines in
      other sequences.

PMID- 3355583
TI  - Differential induction of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by
      hexachlorobenzene and benzyl isothiocyanate. Comparison with induction by
      phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were treated with hexachlorobenzene, benzyl isothiocyanate,
      phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. Hepatic cytosolic glutathione S
      transferase (GST) activity was determined with the substrates 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, ethacrynic acid and trans-4-phenyl-3
      buten-2-one. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase activity was measured with cumene
      hydroperoxide. GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-dichloro-4
      nitrobenzene and ethacrynic acid was enhanced by all compounds, hexachlorobenzene
      and 3-methylcholanthrene causing the largest and the smallest increase
      respectively. Trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one-conjugating activity exhibited only
      small changes, while peroxidase activity with cumeme hydroperoxide was not
      changed by any of the inducing agents. GST isoenzymes were purified on S
      hexylglutathione Sepharose 6B and separated by means of FPLC-chromatofocusing, to
      evaluate effects on the GST isoenzyme pattern. Hexachlorobenzene and
      phenobarbital both caused an increase in the relative amounts of subunits 1 and 3
      when compared with subunits 2 and 4 respectively. For 3-methylcholanthrene only
      induction of subunit 1 was observed, possibly due to the relatively low induction
      levels of total GST activity. In benzyl isothiocyanate-treated animals, an
      induction of subunit 3 was found as well as an increase in the relative amount of
      subunit 2. Thus, benzyl isothiocyanate behaves differently from
      hexachlorobenzene, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene as an inducing agent of
      rat hepatic glutathione S-transferases.

PMID- 3355584
TI  - Cyclosporin A suppresses proliferation of renal mesangial cells in culture.
AB  - Rat glomerular mesangial cells were isolated and grown in culture for a prolonged
      period of time. The proliferation of these cells was suppressed by the
      immunosuppressivum Cyclosporin A (CSA) up to 75%, as measured by the
      incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine. This was dependent on the concentration
      of CSA used, being in the range of 125-2000 ng/ml. This effect was specific for
      CSA and other immunosuppressive derivatives thereof, while a non
      immunosuppressive cyclosporin was ineffective. Neither the density of the
      cultures, nor the time of application had any influence on the susceptibility of
      the cells to CSA. The suppression of MC proliferation was proliferation was
      reversible after removal of CSA. These studies demonstrate a suppressive effect
      of Cyclosporin A on the proliferation of non-lymphocytic cells, the glomerular
      mesangial cells. This observation may help to explain the beneficial results
      reported with CSA in the treatment of some kidney diseases.

PMID- 3355585
TI  - A novel biologically active selenooorganic compound--VII. Biotransformation of
      ebselen in perfused rat liver.
AB  - Ebselen (PZ 51) is a selenoorganic compound with antioxidant and antiinflammatory
      properties, and its metabolism was studied in isolated perfused rat liver
      (hemoglobin-free, open system). 75Se-labelled ebselen was taken up into liver
      cells and radioactivity was excreted into bile. Biliary excretion of 75Se
      compounds reached maximal values of 4 nmol/min per g wet wt. HPLC analysis of
      bile and effluent perfusate as well as identification of separated metabolites by
      mass spectrometry were carried out. The biliary metabolites were (a) an
      interesting novel Se-glucuronide, 2-glucuronylselenobenzanilide, (metabolite IV),
      as the major metabolite, and (b) an O-glucuronide, N-(4'-glucuronyloxyphenyl)-2
      methylselenobenzanilide (metabolite III). The major effluent perfusate
      metabolites were Se-methylated derivatives (metabolites I and II). There was no
      evidence for sulfated metabolites. The selenodisulfide with glutathione, S-(2
      phenyl-carbamoyl-phenylselenyl)-glutathione, was not detected, probably because
      of low steady-state concentrations and/or its biochemical lability. The selenium
      in ebselen is not bioavailable (e.g. for the synthesis of glutathione
      peroxidase), in contrast to selenite, for example, thus explaining the very low
      ebselen toxicity. However, the enzymatic steps in Se-methylation could be similar
      to those in the metabolism of selenite which include hydrogen selenide
      methylation. Se-glucuronides constitute a novel category of compounds in addition
      to the O-, N-, C- and S-glucuronide classes known in biology.

PMID- 3355586
TI  - Abrogation of etoposide-mediated cytotoxicity by cycloheximide.
AB  - The antitumor agent etoposide interacts with DNA topoisomerase II to produce a
      unique form of DNA-enzyme intermediate referred to as a "cleavable complex".
      These drug-induced DNA strand breaks initiate poorly defined cell processes which
      result in lethality. To explore the mechanism of etoposide cytotoxicity, we
      studied the effect of protein synthesis inhibitor on Balb/C 3T3 fibroblasts and
      CCRF-CEM and L1210 leukemia cells by exposing these cell lines to cycloheximide
      for various periods of time prior to etoposide challenge. Cycloheximide alone
      during these periods of exposure was not cytotoxic; however, it conferred
      increasing cytoprotection from etoposide in a time-dependent fashion when it
      preceded etoposide. Although cycloheximide did cause a decrease in enzyme content
      and in etoposide-induced DNA cleavage of Balb/C 3T3 and the CCRF-CEM cell lines,
      cytoprotection by cycloheximide could not be accounted for completely by these
      phenomena since, in L1210 cells, cytoprotection was observed without significant
      change in DNA cleavage or enzyme content. Cycloheximide diminished DNA synthesis
      as well as protein synthesis. However, DNA synthesis resumed within 6 hr after
      removal of cycloheximide, in spite of the fact that cytoprotection persisted.
      Cycloheximide did not alter cell cycle distribution as measured by flow
      cytometry. Our data, therefore, clearly demonstrate that cycloheximide can
      diminish the cytotoxic potential of etoposide-mediated topoisomerase-DNA
      complexes. Elucidation of the mechanism by which cytoprotection occurs should
      shed light on the basis for the cytotoxic effect of topoisomerase II-active
      drugs.

PMID- 3355587
TI  - Hydrolysis of angiotensin I by peptidases in homogenates of rat lung and aorta.
AB  - The hydrolytic cleavage of angiotensin I has been studied in homogenate
      preparations of rat lung and aorta using gradient elution HPLC to monitor the
      formation of peptide products. Fresh crude homogenate preparations produced a
      rapid breakdown of angiotensin I to largely unidentifiable fragment peptides.
      Neither His-Leu nor angiotensin II was observed in these preparations even in the
      presence of captopril (20 microM) and the amino-peptidase inhibitors, puromycin,
      amastatin and bestatin. However, in freeze-thawed homogenates, angiotensin II and
      His-Leu were detectable together with the tetrapeptide, angiotensin (1-4). The
      addition of captopril (20 microM) reduced the amount of angiotensin II produced
      but did not completely block its formation. Higher concentrations of captopril or
      the addition of enalaprilat or EDTA did not further reduce the amount of
      angiotensin II produced. In the presence of captopril a peptide corresponding to
      des-Leu(10)angiotensin I was formed in relatively large amounts (equivalent to
      40% of angiotensin I catabolized). Homogenates purified by concanavalin A
      affinity chromatography gave a clean hydrolysis of angiotensin I to angiotensin
      II and His-Leu which was completely blocked by captopril. These results suggest
      an ACE-like activity in rat lung and aorta that is not sensitive to converting
      enzyme inhibitors.

PMID- 3355588
TI  - Tolbutamide hydroxylation by human liver microsomes. Kinetic characterisation and
      relationship to other cytochrome P-450 dependent xenobiotic oxidations.
AB  - Tolbutamide hydroxylation has been investigated in human liver microsomes. Anti
      human liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase IgG inhibited hydroxytolbutamide
      formation and this metabolite was not formed when NADPH-generating system was
      omitted from microsomal incubations. Tolbutamide hydroxylation followed Michaelis
      Menten kinetics, consistent with the involvement of a single form of cytochrome P
      450 in this reaction. Mean apparent Km and Vmax values for hydroxytolbutamide
      formation were 120 +/- 41 microM and 0.273 +/- 0.066 nmol min-1 mg-1,
      respectively. A range of clinically used drugs and xenobiotics used as probes for
      cytochrome P-450 activity in laboratory animals was screened for inhibitory
      effects on hydroxytolbutamide formation. Caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline,
      theobromine, debrisoquine, erythromycin, phenacetin, propranolol, aminopyrine,
      benzo(a)pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin were all found not to inhibit tolbutamide
      hydroxylation. In contrast, sulphaphenazole, phenylbutazone, nifedipine,
      verapamil, cimetidine, aniline, dextropropoxyphene and mephenytoin were
      competitive inhibitors of tolbutamide hydroxylation. The respective apparent Ki
      values for these compounds were 0.12 microM, 11 microM, 15 microM, 118 microM,
      140 microM, 182 microM, 225 microM and 375 microM. Sulphinpyrazone inhibited
      tolbutamide hydroxylation with atypical kinetics. The in vitro data is in good
      agreement with in vivo drug interactions with tolbutamide. The data also confirm
      that tolbutamide hydroxylation is not associated with the cytochromes P-450
      responsible for methylxanthine metabolism or with the form responsible for the
      polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine.

PMID- 3355589
TI  - Microsomal metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide. Effects of acetone and other
      compounds.
AB  - Oral acetone exposure delays and potentiates acetonitrile toxicity in rats.
      Results of previous pharmacokinetic studies suggested that acetone exerted a
      biphasic effect on the metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide; the presence of
      acetone in vivo appeared to inhibit the metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide,
      whereas the disappearance of acetone from serum was followed by stimulation of
      acetonitrile metabolism. The current experiments were designed to characterize
      further the metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide and the effects of acetone and
      other compounds upon this metabolism. Liver microsomes were isolated and pooled
      24 hr after oral pretreatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-250 g) with
      acetone (1960 mg/kg) or water. Microsomal metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide
      was found to be oxygen and NADPH dependent, and heat-inactivated tissue was
      unable to catalyze the reaction. NADH antagonized the NADPH-dependent metabolism
      of acetonitrile. The metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide was linear with
      protein concentrations of 0-8 mg per incubation. Following a characteristic lag
      period of 10 min, the reaction was linear from 15 to 30 min. This metabolism was
      inhibited by carbon monoxide, metyrapone and SKF 525-A. Acetone pretreatment (-24
      hr) in vivo increased the apparent Vmax for acetonitrile metabolism without
      affecting the apparent Km. When added in vitro, acetone competitively inhibited
      the metabolism of acetonitrile, with a KI of 0.41 mM. Dimethyl sulfoxide (KI =
      0.51 mM) and ethanol (KI = 0.11 mM) were also competitive inhibitors of
      acetonitrile metabolism, and aniline HCl (KI = 4.77 microM) appeared to be a
      mixed inhibitor. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the
      metabolism of acetonitrile to cyanide is mediated by a specific acetone-inducible
      isozyme of cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 3355590
TI  - Presence of the toxic metabolite N-hydroxy-norcocaine in brain and liver of the
      mouse.

PMID- 3355591
TI  - Excretion and metabolism of injected ecdysone in the white mouse.

PMID- 3355592
TI  - Effects of long-term choline deficiency on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450
      mediated steroid and xenobiotic hydroxylases in the female rat.
AB  - Total cytochrome P-450 levels decreased to about 80% of control in hepatic
      microsomes from female rats maintained for 30 weeks on a choline-deficient diet.
      Livers from these rats were fibrotic and had extensive fatty infiltration but,
      unlike livers of male rats on the same regimen, were not cirrhotic. Steroid
      hydroxylase activities were assessed in microsomes of female rats that received
      the choline-deficient diet and it was noted that the activity of the cytochrome P
      450 UT-F-mediated steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylase was decreased to about 50% of the
      activity present in choline-supplemented control rat microsomes. Similar
      decreases were observed for microsomal androstenedione 6 beta-hydroxylase and
      aniline 4-hydroxylase activities. In female rat hepatic microsomes these two
      activities are probably mediated by the isozyme cytochrome P-450 ISF-G. In
      contrast to these findings, the activities of four other xenobiotic metabolising
      enzymes, as well as rates of microsomal steroid 16 alpha- and 16 beta
      hydroxylation, were unchanged from control. Thus, in hepatic microsomes from
      choline-deficient female rats, it appears likely that levels of the non-sexually
      differentiated cytochromes P-450 UT-F and ISF-G are decreased. Unlike the
      situation in male rats, long term choline deficiency does not appear to influence
      levels of sexually-differentiated P-450 enzymes in the female rat.

PMID- 3355593
TI  - Microsomal cytochrome P-452 induction and peroxisome proliferation by
      hypolipidaemic agents in rat liver. A mechanistic inter-relationship.
AB  - Eight structurally diverse hypolipidaemic agents have been examined for their
      ability to induce the microsomal cytochrome P-452-dependent fatty acid
      hydroxylase system and the enzymes of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in rat liver.
      Using a specific ELISA method, we have shown that the cytochrome P-452 isoenzyme
      is induced up to ten fold by hypolipidaemic challenge, concomitant with a
      pronounced elevation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes, mirrored by an
      increase in peroxisomal volume as determined morphometrically. In addition, the
      induction of cytochrome P-452 is accompanied by a decrease in the activities of
      cytochromes P-450b and P-450c as measured by benzphetamine N-demethylase and
      ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities respectively, the latter being more
      extensively reduced by hypolipidaemic treatment. A hypothesis is presented
      whereby an early biological response is the hypolipidaemic induction of
      microsomal cytochrome P-452 resulting in omega-hydroxy fatty acids and their
      subsequent further oxidation to dicarboxylic acids, the latter providing the
      proximal stimulus for peroxisomal proliferation.

PMID- 3355594
TI  - Co-induction of microsomal cytochrome P-452 and the peroxisomal fatty acid beta
      oxidation pathway in the rat by clofibrate and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Dose
      response studies.
AB  - Male Wistar rats have been pretreated with either clofibrate or
      diethylhexylphthalate and the dose-dependency of induction of the microsomal,
      cytochrome P-452-driven fatty acid hydroxylase and peroxisomal fatty acid beta
      oxidation system investigated. Both clofibrate and DEHP specifically induced
      (approximately 10-fold) the 12-hydroxylation of lauric acid in a dose-dependent
      manner and only marginally increased the associated 11-hydroxylase activity. This
      dose-dependent increase in fatty acid hydroxylase activity was accompanied by a
      similar ten-fold increase in the specific content of the cytochrome P-452
      isoenzyme responsible for this activity, as assessed by an immunochemical-based
      ELISA method. Similarly, both clofibrate and DEHP induced the peroxisomal fatty
      acid beta-oxidation pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, our results
      provide evidence that, after oral administration, clofibrate has a higher in vivo
      potency in inducing the above enzymes of fatty acid metabolism than is exhibited
      by DEHP. A correlation matrix analysis of the above data indicated a close
      association between the induction of microsomal cytochrome P-452 (and its
      associated fatty acid hydroxylase activity) and peroxisomal beta-oxidation
      enzymes, implicating a mechanistic inter-relationship between changes in fatty
      acid metabolising enzymes in these two hepatic subcellular organelles.

PMID- 3355595
TI  - Synergistic effects of hypoxia and fasting on harmol elimination in the isolated
      perfused rat liver.
AB  - In isolated hepatocytes the availability of intracellular glucose appears to be a
      key factor controlling the rate of xenobiotic glucuronidation during hypoxia.
      This study in the isolated perfused rat liver examines the effect of both a 24-hr
      fast and removal of glucose (8 mM) from liver perfusate on the elimination of
      bolus doses of harmol (20 mumol) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In the
      preparations used in these experiments, harmol glucuronide is the major
      metabolite (greater than 80%) with the remainder being sulphate. During normal
      oxygenation, in the livers from fed rats, harmol was rapidly eliminated (t1/2 =
      4.2 +/- 0.4 min; mean +/- SD, N = 4). Fasting led to a small reduction in harmol
      elimination rate (t1/2 = 5.6 +/- 0.4 min; P less than 0.025) while removal of
      glucose from perfusate made no difference in either fed or fasted preparations.
      In the same livers, a second bolus dose of harmol was given during hypoxia. This
      produced a modest decline in harmol elimination in fed rats (t1/2 = 7.1 +/- 2.0
      min; P less than 0.05). However, in fasted rats there was a striking reduction in
      harmol elimination (t1/2 = 109.8 +/- 54.0 min; P less than 0.025). The removal of
      glucose from perfusate made no significant difference to these results (t1/2 =
      253 +/- 209 min in fasted preparations, P greater than 0.1). In all preparations,
      reoxygenation resulted in a rapid recovery of drug elimination. We conclude that
      nutritional state is important in determining the impact of hypoxia on harmol
      elimination by the liver. This study suggests that clinically significant
      reductions in xenobiotic glucuronidation are most likely to occur in poorly
      nourished or fasted subjects who became hypoxaemic.

PMID- 3355596
TI  - Irreversible inhibition of rat hepatic transacetylase activity by N
      arylhydroxamic acids.
AB  - Both N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene (N-OH-AAF) and the heterocyclic analogue, 2-(N
      hydroxyacetamido)carbazole (N-OH-AAC), were shown to be mechanism-based
      irreversible inhibitors (suicide inhibitors) of partially purified rat hepatic N
      acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. Although N-OH-AAC exhibited an apparent first
      order inactivation rate constant (ki) that was 7-fold lower than that of N-OH
      AAF, their relative ki/KD values indicate that N-OH-AAC was the more potent and
      efficient inactivator of transacetylase activity. Inactivation of NAT activity by
      these N-arylhydroxamic acids appeared to involve contributions by electrophiles
      that react with the enzyme subsequent to release from the active site and by
      electrophiles that remain complexed with the active site. The irreversible nature
      of the enzyme inactivation was demonstrated by the failure to recover
      transacetylase activity upon either extensive dialysis or gel filtration of
      preparations that had been subjected to incubation with N-OH-AAF or N-OH-AAC. The
      use of the nucleophile N-acetylmethionine to trap the electrophilic reactants
      formed in the transacetylase-catalyzed bioactivation process resulted in a lower
      rate and extent of formation of methylthio adducts with N-OH-AAC than with N-OH
      AAF. The results of this study indicate that N-OH-AAF and N-OH-AAC have potential
      for use as tools in the investigation of rat hepatic transacetylases.

PMID- 3355597
TI  - Alterations in nucleotide pools induced by 3-deazaadenosine and related
      compounds. Role of adenylate deaminase.
AB  - 3-Deazaadenine, 3-deazaadenosine, and the carbocyclic analog of 3-deazaadenosine
      produced similar effects on nucleotide pools of L1210 cells in culture: each
      caused an increase in IMP and a decrease in adenine nucleotides and had no effect
      on nucleotides of uracil and cytosine. Concentrations of 50-100 microM were
      required to produce these effects. Although 3-deazaadenosine and carbocyclic 3
      deazaadenosine are known to be potent inhibitors of adenosylhomocysteine
      hydrolase, the effects on nucleotide pools apparently are not mediated via this
      inhibition because they are also produced by the base, 3-deazaadenine, and
      because the concentrations required are higher than those required to inhibit the
      hydrolase. Cells grown in the presence of 3-deazaadenine or 3-deazaadenosine
      contained phosphates of 3-deazaadenosine (the mono- and triphosphates were
      isolated); from cells grown in the presence of the carbocyclic analog of 3
      deazaadenosine, the monophosphate was isolated, but evidence for the presence of
      the triphosphate was not obtained. A cell-free supernatant fraction from L1210
      cells supplemented with ATP catalyzed the formation of monophosphates from 3
      deazaadenosine or carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine, and a cell-free supernatant
      fraction supplemented with 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) catalyzed the
      formation of 3-deaza-AMP from 3-deazaadenine. Adenosine kinase apparently was not
      solely responsible for the phosphorylation of the nucleosides because a cell line
      that lacked this enzyme converted 3-deazaadenosine to phosphates. No evidence was
      obtained that the effects on nucleotide pools resulted from a block of the IMP
      AMP conversion, but the results could be rationalized as a consequence of
      increased AMP deaminase activity. This explanation is supported by two
      observations: (a) coformycin, an inhibitor of AMP deaminase, prevented the
      effects on nucleotide pools, and (b) 3-deazaadenine decreased the conversion of
      carbocyclic adenosine to carbocyclic ATP and increased its conversion to
      carbocyclic GTP. The latter conversion requires the action of AMP deaminase and
      the observed effects can be rationalized by a nucleoside analog-mediated increase
      in AMP deaminase activity. Because these effects on nucleotide pools are produced
      only by concentrations higher than those required to inhibit adenosylhomocysteine
      hydrolase, they may not contribute significantly to the biological effects of 3
      deazaadenosine or carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3355598
TI  - Mechanisms of cell association of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with
      isolated leucocytes.
AB  - In the present study the degree and the mode of association of the radiolabelled
      drugs acetylsalicylic acid, sodium salicylate, and sodium benzoate with
      leucocytes were studied in view of the hypothesis that leucocytes are target
      cells for the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs. The overall association rate
      of acetylsalicylic acid is larger than that of sodium salicylate and sodium
      benzoate at 37 degrees, but smaller at 4 degrees. The ratio of the intracellular
      to the extracellular concentration varied between 1 and 2 for sodium salicylate
      and sodium benzoate, and between 3 and 6 for acetylsalicylic acid. The
      intracellular concentrations of these drugs were comparable in red blood cells
      and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, but lower in mononuclear leucocytes. The
      association of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate is markedly increased
      when the extracellular pH decreases. Lysis of cells decreases the association of
      acetylsalicylic acid and enhances the association of sodium salicylate and
      benzoate at 37 degrees twofold. It is suggested that the association of these
      drugs with leucocytes comprises binding to the membrane and uptake of
      undissociated species. Phorbol myristate acetate extensively inhibits the
      intracellular concentration of acetylsalicylic acid, while this inflammatory
      stimulus tends to increase the intracellular concentration of sodium salicylate.
      The major metabolites of salicylate enhance cell association of acetylsalicylic
      acid and salicylic acid. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the tested
      benzoic acid-like drugs associate with leucocytes in vitro to some extent and
      that environmental differences, e.g. pH, lysed cells, inflammatory stimuli and
      metabolites, may determine in vivo the degree of accumulation.

PMID- 3355599
TI  - Formation and stability of vincristine-tubulin complex in kidney cytosols. Role
      of GTP and GTP hydrolysis.
AB  - Vincristine-tubulin complex formed in the 100,000 g fraction of mouse kidney
      dissociated rapidly at 37 degrees in the absence of guanosine-5'-triphosphate
      (GTP). In the presence of 2 mM GTP, there was a substantial (2.8-fold) increase
      in complex stability; NaF (100 mM) but not beta-glycerophosphate (1 mM) also
      reduced the rate of dissociation. Further, complex was stabilized by other
      ribonucleoside-5'-triphosphates (but not their respective 5'-monophosphates), and
      a nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP. Stability of the VCR-tubulin complex formed in
      cytosol from kidney and separated from unbound VCR and GTP by gel filtration was
      influenced by the concentration of GTP. These results appear not to be a
      consequence of denaturation of tubulin during incubation, as VCR binding activity
      remained constant under experimental conditions both in the presence and after
      the removal of GTP. Further, the rate of formation of the VCR-tubulin complex in
      kidney was also influenced by the concentration of GTP and was increased by the
      addition of NaF. In the absence of added GTP, virtually no complex was isolated.
      ATP, CTP, or ITP has little effect on complex formation, suggesting that the
      effect may be GTP specific. These data suggest that the destabilizing activity in
      cytosols prepared from mouse kidney, and the failure to form a stable VCR-tubulin
      complex in kidney, are in part the consequence of rapid hydrolysis of GTP by a
      pyrophosphohydrolase. Direct measurement of the hydrolysis of GTP showed that the
      activity in kidney (9.26 nmol/min/mg protein) was 9.3-fold greater than in tumor
      extracts.

PMID- 3355600
TI  - Impairment of bromosulfophthalein hepatic transport and cholestasis induced by
      diethyl maleate in the rabbit.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hepatic glutathione
      depletion induced by intraperitoneal administration of diethyl maleate (DEM) on
      the maximum biliary transport (Tm) and on the biliary excretion of
      bromosulfophthalein (BSP) in anaesthetized rabbits when the dye was perfused
      endovenously at doses exceeding Tm. The Tm of total BSP (BSPt) and that of
      conjugated BSP (BSPc) were significantly reduced after DEM administration whereas
      that of unconjugated BSP (BSPu) was markedly increased. A reduction in the
      biliary excretion of BSPt and BSPc, in the percentage of BSPc, in the cumulative
      excretion of BSPt and in the percent-dose recovery were also observed. However,
      no change in hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity was noted after DEM. The
      cholestasis observed following DEM administration coursed with falls in the
      biliary secretion of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate.

PMID- 3355601
TI  - Structure-activity analysis of antagonism of the feedback inhibition of thymidine
      kinase.
AB  - The effects of a variety of 5-, 5'-, and 3'-substituted deoxyuridine derivatives
      on the cytoplasmic thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) purified from a human colon
      carcinoma cell line, HCT 116, were determined. Of particular interest was
      elucidation of the structural features important for antagonism of the feedback
      inhibition of thymidine kinase exerted by thymidine triphosphate. Substitutions
      at the 5-position altered the potency of the 5'-modified compounds. The
      replacement of the 5-hydrogen with a methyl group or an iodine greatly increased
      the affinity of compounds for the thymidine kinase. This was evident for enzyme
      substrates with 5'-hydroxyl groups [2'-deoxyuridine (dUrd), 2'-deoxythymidine
      (dThd) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd)], feedback inhibitors with 5'
      triphosphate substitutions (dUTP, dTTP and IdUTP), and for 5'-amino derivatives
      [5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (5'-AdUrd), 5'-amino-2'-5'-dideoxythymidine (5'
      AdThd) and 5-iodo-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (5'-AIdUrd)]. Qualitatively,
      however, the 5-substitutions did not affect the nature of the interactions with
      dThd kinase. For example, in the presence of dTTP, 5'-AdUrd stimulated dThd
      kinase activity as much as 5'-AdThd, but approximately a 100-fold greater
      concentration of 5'-AdUrd was required. Similar results were obtained using
      intact cells in which substitutions at the 5-position affected the potency, but
      not the efficacy, of the 5'-amino derivatives to stimulate dThd phosphorylation.
      In contrast, substitutions at the 5'-position did alter the nature of the
      interaction with dThd kinase. Thus, the 5'-hydroxyl compounds, dUrd, dThd and
      IdUrd, did not reverse the enzyme inhibition produced by dTTP nor did they
      stimulate dThd uptake in intact cells. 5'-Deoxy-5'-(ethylthio)thymidine, 5'-deoxy
      5'-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]thymidine, and dTMP, but not dTDP, also antagonized the
      inhibition of dThd kinase produced by dTTP. In comparison to 5'-AdThd, the 3'
      amino derivatives, 3'-AdThd and 3'-5'-diAdThd, were much less potent, but still
      efficacious, antagonists of feedback inhibition. These results indicate that a
      wide range of dUrd derivatives can disrupt the regulation of dThd kinase and
      provide leads for the development of new nucleotide analogues.

PMID- 3355602
TI  - Effects of aminocycloalkanesulfonic acid analogs of taurine on ATP-dependent
      calcium ion uptake and protein phosphorylation.
AB  - A cyclopentane analog of taurine [(+/-)cis-2-aminocyclopentanesulfonic acid]
      (CAPS) was synthesized, and its effects on ATP-dependent calcium ion uptake and
      protein phosphorylation in rat retina were investigated along with other cyclic
      analogs of taurine, (+/-)trans-2-Aminocyclopentanesulfonic acid (TAPS) is the
      most potent aminocycloalkanesulfonic acid inhibitor of ATP-dependent calcium ion
      uptake in retinal homogenates [S.M. Leibowitz, J.B. Lombardini and P.S. Salva,
      Biochem. Pharmac. 36, 2109 (1987)], eliciting its effects in the micromolar range
      (I50 = 39 +/- 5 microM). CAPS was found to be a less potent
      aminocycloalkanesulfonic acid inhibitor (I50 = 1780 +/- 400 microM) of ATP
      dependent calcium ion uptake in retinal homogenates. Taurine inhibited phosphate
      incorporation into rat retinal proteins, whereas TAPS, TAHS and CAPS stimulated
      incorporation.

PMID- 3355603
TI  - Study of deutero-isotopomer-induced inhibition of caffeine and phenobarbitone
      binding to human serum albumin.
AB  - The present study of inhibition provides confirmation to previously observed
      deuterium isotope effects on in vitro caffeine and phenobarbitone binding to
      human serum albumin (HSA). Addition of either 3,7(C(2H)3)2 or 1,3,7(C(2H)3)3
      caffeine induces a 50% loss in both the extent of binding and binding parameters
      of the unlabelled analog, understandably so in view of the stronger individual
      HSA binding of the two labelled isotopomers. As concerns caffeine displacement
      from its HSA sites, we show phenobarbitone and its 5-pentadeuterophenyl analog
      are equally potent inhibitors of caffeine binding, though their individual HSA
      binding profiles differ. As for HSA binding interactions between phenobarbitone
      isotopomers, a 50% decrease in unlabelled phenobarbitone extent of binding is
      observed in the presence of its 5-pentadeuterophenyl analog. Our results favor
      the hypothesis of differing binding sites for each isotopomer.

PMID- 3355604
TI  - Action of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, flufenamic acid, on calcium
      movements in isolated mitochondria.
AB  - The anti-inflammatory agent flufenamic acid was found to inhibit calcium uptake
      in isolated mitochondria at low concentrations (IC50 = 7.2 microM). Similar
      concentrations were required to promote the release of calcium from mitochondria
      preloaded with the cation (EC50 = 3.5 microM). Identical actions were found with
      diflunisal, mefenanamic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol. It was concluded that
      flufenamic acid was affecting calcium movements across the mitochondrial membrane
      by virtue of its ability to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 3355605
TI  - Cellular glutathione conjugation of aziridines in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Glutathione conjugation of aziridines was found in isolated rat hepatocytes in
      experiments using the optical isomers of (1- and d-) aziridinecarboxylic acid
      (AZC) and (1- and d-) 1-methyl-2-beta-naphthylaziridine (NAZ). 1-AZC much more
      effectively consumed glutathione than d-AZC, and the yield of the glutathione
      conjugate during 2 hr of incubation exceeded 200% of the cellular glutathione
      detected at the initiation of the incubation. Such a high yield of 1-AZC-GSH
      conjugate would occur only when conjugation efficiently proceeds without
      interference against the GSH resynthesis route in the liver cells. The
      cytotoxicity of 1-AZC was very weak and did not affect cell viability of the
      isolated hepatocytes even after the formation of AZC-GSH conjugate. Consequently,
      we supposed that GSH is not essential for supporting the viability of the
      isolated hepatocytes. For very slow GSH conjugate formation of d-AZC, we
      envisaged poor membrane transport of the d-isomer resembling to the selective
      incorporation of d- and 1-proline observed in some plant cells. Both isomers of
      NAZ were markedly cytotoxic and depressed the cell viability. The yield of the
      glutathione conjugate from NAZ did not exceed the cellular GSH level detected at
      the initial stage of incubation. The highly cytotoxic compound nitrosomethane,
      generated in the first biotransformation step of the metabolism of NAZ, can
      obstruct the resynthesis route of GSH by inhibiting the ATP generation process as
      discussed previously (Ref. 3). Decreasing the cellular GSH by treatment with 1
      AZC enhanced the susceptibility of the isolated hepatocytes to NAZ toxicity. d
      AZC did not affect the viability of cells treated with NAZ.

PMID- 3355606
TI  - The content and activity of cytochrome P-450 in long-term culture of hepatocytes
      from male and female rats.
AB  - The content of cytochrome P-450 and the capacity for O-demethylation have been
      measured in cultures of hepatocytes from male and female rats for a period of 21
      days. The effect of dexamethasone, insulin, glucagon, phenobarbital and hemin was
      investigated. In hepatocytes from female rats the content of cytochrome P-450 was
      unchanged after one day of culture. From day 1 to day 3 the content of cytochrome
      P-450 decreased by 65% and only the combined addition of dexamethasone,
      phenobarbital and hemin diminished the fall. After the initial fall, addition of
      0.1 microM dexamethasone resulted in a stable value. Addition of 1 microM
      dexamethasone or 1 mM phenobarbital gave rise to an induction of cytochrome P-450
      (285%). The high level of cytochrome P-450 was maintained for 3 weeks. In
      hepatocytes from male rats the content of cytochrome P-450 decreased by 40% after
      one day of culture. From day 1 to day 3 the content decreased by 45% and the
      decrease continued irrespective of the presence of hormones and/or phenobarbital.
      The O-demethylase activity in cultures of hepatocytes from female rats correlated
      to the cytochrome P-450 content independent of medium composition and age of the
      cultures, whereas no correlation was found in cultures from male rats. The
      present study demonstrates that hepatocytes from female rats in cultures retain O
      demethylase activity for at least 3 weeks and that, with the experimental
      conditions used, the response to the hormones and inducers is different for
      hepatocytes from male and female rats.

PMID- 3355607
TI  - Metabolism of apolipoprotein C-III in normolipemic human subjects.
AB  - Radioiodinated apolipoprotein C-III labeled either by the iodine monochloride
      procedure or by the Bolton-Hunter reagent were incubated in vitro with normal
      HDL. The labeled HDL-apo C-III, after ultracentrifugation and dialysis, was
      injected intravenously in 8 normolipidemic subjects. The label was followed in
      VLDL, IDL + LDL, HDL, d = 1.225 g/ml infranate as well as in total plasma and
      urine for the first time over a period of 2 weeks. Apolipoprotein C-III
      distributes readily between the different lipoprotein classes, only a small
      amount being present in the non-lipoprotein fraction. The percent distribution of
      apo C-III radioactivity and mass was found similar in VLDL, IDL and HDL using 3
      different separation methods. Residence time in the whole system was 2.45 +/-
      0.33 days. Fractional catabolic rates calculated from the urine/plasma
      radioactivity ratios or from the plasma curve were 0.731 +/- 0.096 and 0.767 +/-
      0.125 pools/day. Synthetic rate was 2.28 +/- 0.32 mg/day/kg. The parameters seem
      not affected by the labeling procedure. The shapes of the plasma curve and of the
      urine/plasma ratio curve suggest a kinetic heterogeneity in the metabolism of apo
      C-III-containing particles.

PMID- 3355608
TI  - beta-VLDL-induced alterations in growth potentiating activity produced by
      mononuclear phagocytes.
AB  - This report describes the enhancement of growth potentiating activity produced by
      mononuclear phagocytes that were incubated with beta-migrating very low density
      lipoproteins (beta-VLDL). Conditioned media harvested from cultured human
      peripheral blood monocytes incubated in the presence or absence of the
      lipoprotein were evaluated for their ability to stimulate DNA synthesis
      ([3H]thymidine incorporation) of sparsely seeded quiescent BHK-21 (BHK) cells as
      well as neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells (NRSMC). Conditioned media from
      monocytes incubated in the presence of beta-VLDL enhanced [3H]thymidine
      incorporation into DNA of both BHK and NRSMC, when compared to conditioned media
      harvested from monocytes incubated in the absence of beta-VLDL. Studying NRSMC,
      this effect was evident using media collected from monocytes incubated with
      lipoprotein for 2 days; however, a longer incubation of monocytes plus
      lipoprotein was necessary to induce changes in growth potentiating activity for
      BHK cells. Likewise, the effect of beta-VLDL treatment of thioglycollate broth
      elicited BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages was evaluated. Conditioned media
      from lipoprotein-treated macrophages exhibited greater growth-stimulating
      activity for both BHK cells and NRSMC when compared to conditioned media from
      macrophages incubated in the absence of the lipoprotein. beta-VLDL did not affect
      viability of the mononuclear cells. These findings further implicate the
      involvement of the monocyte-derived foam cell in the development of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3355610
TI  - Flordipine, a calcium channel blocker, which does not influence lipidemia or
      atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
AB  - Data relating to the effects of calcium channel blockers on experimental
      atherosclerosis in rabbits are inconsistent with most studies finding no effect
      on either serum lipids or atherosclerosis. We have administered flordipine (5, 15
      or 45 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks to rabbits fed 1% cholesterol and 4% corn oil. At
      no level of treatment was there an effect on serum or liver lipids or on aortic
      sudanophilia.

PMID- 3355609
TI  - Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein
      levels, and clinical characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia due to
      apolipoprotein E phenotype E2/2 in Japan.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotype was examined in 188 healthy subjects and in 447
      patients seen between 1984 and 1986. The frequency of the apo E2, 3, and 4 genes
      in the clinically healthy subjects was 0.035 +/- 0.0288, 0.872 +/- 0.0310, and
      0.093 +/- 0.0152, respectively. The frequency of the apo E3 gene was higher and
      that of the apo E genes 2 and 4 lower than that reported in western countries.
      Clinical features and apo E phenotype are presented from the 5 patients with type
      III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) due to apo E phenotype E2/2 (E2-III); all patients
      in E2-III were post-menopausal women. In contrast to the clinical characteristics
      so far reported, no notable findings of atherosclerosis, such as coronary
      angiographic findings or xanthoma, were evident in any of these 5 patients.
      Glucose intolerance was seen in 4 of them. Four patients were normolipidemic with
      apo E phenotype E2/2 (E2-N). In addition, plasma lipid and apolipoprotein
      concentrations were determined in patients with different apo E phenotypes.
      Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and apo B levels were elevated in the order of E2
      N, E2/3, E2/4, E3/3, E3/4 and E4/4 except for E2-III. The plasma apo E level was
      highest in E2-III but was not significantly different from other phenotypes. The
      apo B/apo E and apo C-III/apo E ratios were significantly lower in E2/2 than in
      other phenotypes. The TC/apo B ratio was significantly higher in E2/2 than in
      other phenotypes.

PMID- 3355611
TI  - Vascular injuries induced by materials released from platelet-rich thrombus in
      vivo.
AB  - Polyethylene tubing was inserted into the ascending aorta of rabbits via the
      right common carotid artery and placed for one or four weeks continuously to
      induce vessel wall injury and thrombotic events, and then the direct non-injured
      segments from the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta were examined
      morphologically and for [3H]thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells and
      smooth muscle cells. The descending aortas of experimental rabbits showed
      endothelial damage and increased mitosis of endothelial cells. [3H]Thymidine
      incorporation into the intima and media was significantly increased in the
      experimental group. This experiment indicates that materials released from
      activated platelets and/or thrombi into the circulation can cause endothelial
      damage and smooth muscle cell proliferation at downstream and remote aortic
      segments.

PMID- 3355612
TI  - Plasma high density lipoprotein subfractions in subjects with different coronary
      risk indices as assessed by plasma lipoprotein concentrations.
AB  - The distribution of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions was
      determined in 2 groups of healthy male subjects with different coronary risk
      indices (CI) as assessed by the ratio of total plasma cholesterol/HDL
      cholesterol. The subjects in the 2 groups were of similar age and fitness (as
      assessed by VO2max). The higher risk group (CI greater than 4.0) contained a
      lower relative concentration of a specific HDL subfraction, HDL2b, separated by
      gradient gel electrophoresis, and a lower level of an apo E-rich HDL fraction,
      isolated by affinity chromatography, than the lower risk group (CI less than
      4.0). The concentration of total HDL-cholesterol was higher in the lower risk
      group due to a difference in HDL2-cholesterol when separation was achieved by
      polyanion precipitation, but not when separation was made by ultracentrifugation.
      These observations suggest that the level of these specific HDL subfractions
      might, when taken in conjunction with plasma cholesterol concentration, provide a
      better index of coronary risk than that of total HDL as conventionally employed.

PMID- 3355613
TI  - A little more information about aggravation of probucol-induced HDL-reduction by
      clofibrate.

PMID- 3355614
TI  - Peripheral arterial disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: no
      difference between patients with and without partial ileal bypass.
AB  - We evaluated lower limb arterial circulation in 37 patients with heterozygous
      familial hypercholesterolemia using strain-gauge plethysmography. Nineteen
      patients were initially allocated to surgical therapy (ileal bypass operation),
      and 18 control patients were treated conservatively. After a follow-up period of
      3-12 years (mean 10 yrs) the surgically treated patients had significantly lower
      serum total (9.4 vs. 11.9 mmol/l, P less than 0.001) and LDL (6.2 vs. 8.1 mmol/l,
      P less than 0.01) cholesterol and apoprotein B levels and higher HDL cholesterol
      (1.2 vs. 1.0 mmol/l, P less than 0.05) and apoprotein A-I levels compared with
      controls. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of intermittent
      claudication (16 vs. 6%) or coronary heart disease (68 vs. 61%) between the
      operated and control groups. The ankle-arm systolic blood pressure ratio was
      pathologically low in 53% of the operated and 72% of the control patients, and
      the toe-arm pressure ratio in 50% and 44%, respectively. These differences or the
      differences in the mean ankle-arm and toe-arm pressure ratios between the groups
      were not significant. The toe-ankle pressure gradient was normal in all but 2
      patients indicating that atherosclerotic changes predominantly affect the more
      proximal arteries in familial hypercholesterolemia. Patients with peripheral
      arterial disease could not be differentiated by serum lipoprotein levels, blood
      pressure or the presence of coronary heart disease. However, smoking was more
      prevalent (38% vs. 0%, P less than 0.05) in patients with impaired peripheral
      circulation. We conclude that asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease is quite
      common in familial hypercholesterolemia, and that smoking increases its
      risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355615
TI  - Extracts of human atherosclerotic lesions can modify low density lipoproteins
      leading to enhanced uptake by macrophages.
AB  - Plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) and/or other lipoproteins containing apo B
      that accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions of human aortas exhibit structural
      changes that are associated with enhanced uptake in an unregulated fashion by
      macrophages in culture, resulting in the formation of foam cells in vitro. In an
      attempt to better characterize the structure-function modifications, we have
      incubated plasma LDL with extracts of human atherosclerotic plaques obtained at
      surgery, and determined whether such plaque-modified LDL also demonstrates
      enhanced uptake by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM). Enhanced uptake
      was found which was linear over a concentration range of 100 micrograms
      lipoprotein protein/ml, as assessed by enhanced degradation of [125I]LDL and by
      stimulation of cholesterol esterification. Extracts of non-arterial human tissue
      were unable to induce this modification, suggesting tissue specificity. When
      delipidated apo B from tissue-treated [125I]LDL was subjected to SDS-PAGE,
      autoradiograms demonstrated, in addition to the B-100 band of apo B, a doublet of
      higher molecular weight than B-100 and a band just entering the gel, both at the
      expense of the B-100 band. No lower molecular weight bands suggestive of apo B
      degradation were seen. Modest increases in LDL electrophoretic mobility and
      thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found following the incubation of
      LDL with plaque extracts. These changes could be inhibited by butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT), suggesting that free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was
      responsible for these modifications. However, since BHT did not inhibit the
      uptake of the tissue-incubated LDL by macrophages, the actual modification
      responsible for enhanced macrophage recognition did not appear to be free radical
      induced. Uptake of plaque-modified [125I]LDL was inhibited by only 22% by a 20
      fold excess of acetyl LDL or plaque-modified LDL. If the latter did not represent
      a mixture of modified and unmodified particles, this result would suggest that
      uptake was not mediated by the scavenger receptor. It is possible that foam cells
      are formed in vivo when LDL particles, which have been modified by interacting
      with components of the arterial wall, are taken up by tissue macrophages.

PMID- 3355616
TI  - Effect of hypertension on lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic endothelial
      cells.
AB  - In order to obtain information about the changes in lysosomal enzyme activities
      in arterial endothelial cells under hypertensive conditions, a biochemical study
      was performed on 5 lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta
      glucosaminidase (NAGase), cathepsin B, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase, in
      endothelial cells isolated by an enzymatic technique from the aorta of
      spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats, and normotensive control rats. The
      aortic endothelial cells in the old spontaneously and the renal hypertensive rats
      showed increased activities of enzymes examined in comparison with those in the
      age-matched control rats. Endothelial cells in young spontaneously hypertensive
      rats did not show any elevated enzyme activities compared with those in the
      controls, and the enzyme activities tended to increase with aging. From this, it
      is deduced that hypertension activates lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic
      endothelial cells. The differences in the activities of NAGase, cathepsin B and
      cathepsin D between hypertensive and control animals increased markedly with
      advancing age. These activated lysosomal enzymes seem to be involved in the
      developmental mechanism of arterial endothelial cell injury in hypertension and
      in further development of hypertensive vascular changes.

PMID- 3355617
TI  - Dietary and other characteristics relevant for coronary heart disease in men of
      Indian, West Indian and European descent in London.
AB  - The origins of the high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for coronary heart
      disease (CHD) among Indians in Britain, and the low SMR for West Indian
      immigrants, have been explored by a community survey in London. Serum
      lipoproteins, plasma glucose, haemostatic factors and other putative risk
      characteristics were measured in 75 Indian, 64 European and 24 West Indian men
      aged 45-54 years. These represented 81% of men registered with a general practice
      and resident within a defined area. In 51 men, diet was assessed by 5-day weighed
      inventory. Plasma phospholipid fatty acids (PFA) were measured in 18 Indians and
      19 Europeans with dietary records. The relatively high HDL and HDL2-cholesterol
      concentrations, low LDL-cholesterol concentration, reduced fat intake, increased
      ratio of dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat, relatively frequent use of
      alcohol, and lack of obesity in West Indians accorded with their low SMR from
      CHD. By contrast, only the relatively low HDL and HDL2-cholesterol
      concentrations, infrequency of alcohol consumption, and lower proportion of PFA
      as n-3 fatty acids of marine origin afforded explanations for the high SMR of
      Indians. Hyperglycaemia appeared similarly prevalent in Indians and West Indians,
      but less common in Europeans. Of the haemostatic factors, West Indians had a
      relatively low VIIc (not statistically significant), while Indians had an
      increased platelet count and reduced platelet volume. Improved understanding of
      these ethnic differences in CHD mortality may depend upon elucidation of the
      contrasts in HDL-cholesterol concentration.

PMID- 3355618
TI  - Small polydisperse low density lipoproteins in familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia
      with complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity.
AB  - Lipoprotein abnormalities were analyzed in 3 cases of marked
      hyperalphalipoproteinemia caused by complete deficiency of cholesteryl ester
      transfer activity. The probands were all men, aged 34, 43 and 48 years,
      respectively. The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of
      these patients were higher than 150 mg/dl (157-254 mg/dl), while serum total
      cholesterol levels ranged from 227 to 360 mg/dl. Sequential flotation
      ultracentrifugation analysis disclosed that low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      cholesterol was slightly decreased and that cholesteryl ester accumulated solely
      in the HDL2 fraction, which was also enriched with apolipoprotein E. Cholesteryl
      ester transfer activity was completely absent in all of these cases. High
      performance liquid chromatography showed a decrease of LDL particle size in
      combination with a marked enlargement of HDL particle size. Analytical
      ultracentrifugation disclosed heterogeneity of LDL with the presence of small LDL
      subpopulations. We conclude that hyperalphalipoproteinemia due to complete
      deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer activity is characterized by the
      presence of both small polydisperse LDL and markedly large HDL enriched with
      cholesteryl ester and apolipoprotein E.

PMID- 3355619
TI  - Effects of a fish oil concentrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - The effects of a fish oil supplement on lipid and lipoprotein levels, platelet
      function, and vital signs were investigated in 31 hypercholesterolemic patients.
      Thirteen patients took 5 g of encapsulated fish oil per day and 18 patients took
      5 g of encapsulated safflower oil "placebo" per day for 28 days. Diet and
      exercise patterns were kept as constant as possible during the study. The fish
      oil group had significant increases in several lipid/lipoprotein values at the
      end of the treatment, including an increase of total cholesterol of 14% (P =
      0.0001), LDL of 16% (P = 0.003), HDL of 13% (P = 0.015) and HDL2 of 36% (P =
      0.009). The triglyceride level fell 24%, a nonsignificant change (P = 0.217). The
      ratios of total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL were increased at the end of fish oil
      treatment, and returned to baseline 30 days after fish oil was stopped. The
      placebo group had no significant changes in any of the lipid/lipoprotein values.
      Neither the fish oil nor the placebo group had significant changes in vital signs
      or platelet function tests (bleeding time, thromboxane B2, platelet factor 4 and
      beta-thromboglobulin) during the study. These results suggest that fish oil
      supplements may have an adverse effect on lipid/lipoprotein values in
      hypercholesterolemic patients.

PMID- 3355620
TI  - Modelled, muddled and befuddled.

PMID- 3355621
TI  - A comparison of the frequency and severity of poisoning cases for ingestion of
      acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen.
AB  - During 1984, 62,837 cases of human exposure to analgesics were reported to the
      National Data Collection System of the American Association of Poison Control
      Centers. We undertook a comparative study of 10,134 cases of human exposure to
      adult formulations of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen from which we found
      that human exposures to analgesics are a common problem reported to poison
      control centers. All three analgesics studied appear to have minimal toxicity in
      children who accidentally ingest the product and report the exposure to a poison
      control center. Most children were managed without referral to a health care
      facility and without specific therapeutic intervention, other than palliative
      measures; only a few children develop symptoms from the exposure. When symptoms
      developed, most were not life-threatening and the child returned to a preexposure
      state of health within a short time after the onset of symptoms. In adults, the
      analgesics appear to be relatively safe--that is, most cases had either no effect
      or caused only minor symptoms; less than 5% of the patients developed a major
      effect and less than 0.5% died as a result of their exposure. Because the
      majority of adults took the analgesic intentionally, the low rate of serious
      effect is notable. Fewer adult patients who ingested ibuprofen were hospitalized
      or experienced a major effect as a result of their exposure than patients
      ingesting aspirin or acetaminophen. No deaths were reported in the ibuprofen
      group.

PMID- 3355622
TI  - Use of thrombolytic therapy in axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis.
AB  - A case of axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis associated with effort is described
      (Paget-Schrotter syndrome). This patient was treated successfully with
      thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy. Diagnosis and management of this rare
      clinical entity are discussed.

PMID- 3355623
TI  - Choreoathetoid disorder associated with amphetamine-like drugs.
AB  - Three cases of an acute choreoathetoid disorder that developed after the use of
      an amphetamine-like drug are reported. Because of the dramatic improvement in
      symptoms over a few hours in these cases, we recommend observation, supportive
      care, and the careful oral administration of activated charcoal.

PMID- 3355624
TI  - Decerebrate posturing misinterpreted as seizure activity.

PMID- 3355625
TI  - Esophageal placement of an endotracheal tube by paramedics: problems with current
      management.

PMID- 3355626
TI  - AIDS: implications for emergency medicine.

PMID- 3355627
TI  - Emergency physicians.

PMID- 3355628
TI  - Safety of treating poisoning patients with whole bowel irrigation.

PMID- 3355629
TI  - Repetitive doses of the activated charcoal-sorbitol combination: a word of
      caution.

PMID- 3355630
TI  - Toxic smoke inhalation and cyanide poisoning.

PMID- 3355631
TI  - Antibiotic treatments for hand injuries.

PMID- 3355632
TI  - Inhaled bronchodilators in young pediatric asthmatic: a method of delivery.

PMID- 3355634
TI  - Correlation of pathology observed in double contrast arthrotomography and
      arthroscopy of the shoulder.
AB  - Correlation of double contrast arthrotomography (DCAT) of the shoulder and
      arthroscopic surgery diagnostic results have been undertaken in 55 patients with
      persistent shoulder pain or involuntary shoulder instability. During the period
      March 1984 to December 1986, 55 patients underwent DCAT followed by videotaped
      diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy. The primary indication for DCAT was persistent
      pain in 36 patients and instability in 17 patients. DCAT was performed according
      to the method of El-Khoury and Albright, and all arthroscopies were performed in
      a similar fashion by the senior author (HJS). Both tests were reviewed
      separately, retrospectively, and their results were correlated. For combined
      (anterior and posterior) labral pathology, the sensitivity/specificity for the
      instability group was 0.91/0.91, respectively; sensitivity/specificity for the
      pain group was 0.63/0.94. DCAT accurately depicted the status of 76% of anterior
      labrums and 96% of posterior labrums. For complete rotator cuff tears,
      sensitivity/specificity was 1.0/0.94. The status of a complete rotator cuff tear
      was accurately depicted in 91% of patients. Partial rotator cuff tears were
      missed in 83% of patients by DCAT. The presence or absence of loose bodies was
      accurately represented by 96% of DCAT. Arthroscopy showed that 71% of the
      instability patients had a labral tear, compared with 44% of the pain patients.
      Rotator cuff pathology was present in 12% of instability patients and 42% of pain
      patients. These findings indicate that DCAT may be a conditionally reliable test
      in the diagnosis of shoulder instability. DCAT must be considered inconclusive,
      however, in the painful shoulder without instability. Its usefulness as a
      preoperative screening test is discussed, and a diagnostic algorithm is
      presented. DCAT does not equal the diagnostic accuracy of shoulder arthroscopy.

PMID- 3355633
TI  - Phenytoin loading in chronic alcoholic patients.
AB  - Controversy exists concerning the appropriate loading dose of phenytoin in
      chronic alcoholic patients. Chronic alcoholics are frequently assumed to have low
      albumin levels secondary to malnutrition and liver disease. Phenytoin is bound to
      albumin, and therefore the usual loading dose of phenytoin might result in a
      higher percentage of unbound drug and increased toxicity in these patients.
      Thirty-six chronic alcoholic patients were given a 15-mg/kg loading dose of
      phenytoin by constant intravenous infusion. After the infusion, patients were
      evaluated for clinical signs of phenytoin toxicity. At 1 hour after infusion,
      blood was sent for determination of total phenytoin, free phenytoin, and albumin
      levels. Fifteen patients were hypoalbuminemic (mean, 3.4 g/dL); 21 patients had
      albumin levels within the normal range (mean, 4.3 g/dL). In the hypoalbuminemic
      group, the mean free phenytoin level was 1.1 micrograms/mL, and the mean total
      phenytoin level was 13.6 micrograms/mL. In patients with normal albumin levels,
      the mean free phenytoin level was 1.3 micrograms/mL, and the mean total phenytoin
      level was 15.7 micrograms/mL. There were no statistically significant differences
      in total phenytoin or free phenytoin levels between either groups. No patient had
      a postinfusion phenytoin level (either free or total) within the toxic range.
      Although our sample size was small, our results suggest that a 15-mg/kg loading
      dose of phenytoin does not produce toxic levels in chronic alcoholics.

PMID- 3355635
TI  - Arthroscopy for shoulder instability and a technique for arthroscopic repair.
AB  - At this time the principal role of the arthroscope in the management of
      dislocating shoulder seems to be the identification of the intra-articular
      pathology. The findings should enable a surgeon to carry out an appropriate open
      repair, and the results of such surgery are excellent. Is there a place for
      arthroscopic repair? Some patients sometimes request it; others have had a failed
      open repair, or wish to avoid a scar. The author has devised a removable "Rivet,"
      which fixes a loose labrum and the inferior glenohumeral ligament back on to a
      roughened glenoid margin. Use of this technique avoids some of the hazards that
      occur with implanting a staple or similar device in the joint. The "Rivet" is
      removed after 4-6 weeks. Ten patients have been so treated, with a follow-up of 6
      months to 2 years. There was one failure, with a return of dislocation.

PMID- 3355636
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee after sensory nerve injury.
AB  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of the knee is an extremely difficult problem
      to treat. This study examined the possible relationship between isolated injury
      to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) and the etiology and
      natural course of RSD. Thirty-five patients with clinically significant
      sympathetic dystrophy of the knee were examined retrospectively. All patients
      (100%) had clinical evidence of insult to the IPBSN. Thirty-three patients (94%)
      were found to have vasomotor instability as measured by isolated cold stress
      testing (ICST). All patients in this population of 33 were treated with
      vasoactive therapies. Subjective improvement was noted in 20 patients (p = NS).
      Initial ICSTs of improved and unimproved patients were compared. Baseline
      temperatures were significantly warmer in patients who improved with therapy (p
      less than 0.05), and a warmer trend was evident throughout all phases of the test
      in those who improved compared with those who did not. Eighty percent of patients
      treated within 1 year improved with one or more vasoactive therapies, whereas
      only 44 percent improved when treatment was started after 1 year, indicating a
      significant population difference (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3355638
TI  - The well-leg support.
AB  - The authors present a method of support for the well leg that allows total
      circumferential access to the knee, especially the medial and posteromedial
      sides. The method is inexpensive, easy to use, and safe. It appears to relieve
      stress on the lower back, which can occur with standard support. In addition,
      hyperextension of the hip and possible femoral nerve traction injury are avoided.

PMID- 3355637
TI  - Arthroscopic surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee.
AB  - Surgical management of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is indicated when
      the ununited fragment remains persistently ununited and the knee becomes
      symptomatic and does not respond to conservative measures of rest and
      immobilization. Traditionally, arthrotomy was done and either bone peg grafts,
      with or without fixation, or excision of the fragment and drilling of the base of
      the crater were performed. This paper presents a series of 29 patients who were
      treated surgically for symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans using arthroscopic
      techniques. In this series of patients, excision of fragment and drilling or
      abrasion of the crater were done. In the instances when the fragment had become a
      loose body, the loose body was simply excised and the crater was then either
      drilled or left alone. The plan of this study is to follow up these patients for
      a long time to determine the ultimate result. To our knowledge, this paper is the
      first report of the early results of this form of surgery in the treatment of
      this difficult lesion of the knee. The early follow-up indicates a 72%
      satisfactory result rate when both subjective and objective means of measuring
      the results are considered. An interesting finding during the study was the high
      incidence of significant intra-articular pathology (51%) other than the
      osteochondritis discovered when arthroscopic techniques are used. There were no
      complications from the arthroscopic surgery.

PMID- 3355639
TI  - Instrumentation for small joints: the arthroscope.
AB  - This first of three articles on arthroscopy of small joints is a brief overview
      of the current arthroscopes and the modifications that have made arthroscopy of
      small joint spaces possible. Those modifications include angulation at 25-30
      degrees, improved low-light, high-resolution chip cameras, and use without a
      bulky camera adapter. The largest possible arthroscope should be used, but size
      is limited in diameter to 2.0 mm for the distal radioulnar and temporomandibular
      joints, 2.7 mm for the midcarpal joint, and 3.0 mm for the radiocarpal joint. The
      need to have high-quality repair service available is stressed.

PMID- 3355640
TI  - Entrapment of the medial meniscus in a fracture of the tibial eminence.
AB  - Fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia is unusual in adults. Long
      term morbidity is uncommon. This is a case in which the anterior horn of the
      medial meniscus became entrapped in the fracture site after non-operative
      treatment of a completely displaced fracture, causing persistent medial knee
      pain. Arthroscopic release of the entrapped meniscus provided excellent relief of
      symptoms.

PMID- 3355641
TI  - Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
AB  - Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament was compared with
      reconstruction through a miniarthrotomy. The operation time was significantly
      longer with arthroscopy, but the Lysholm scores and activity levels were the same
      in both groups before and 1 year after the operation. There was no difference in
      quadriceps torque between the groups before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months
      postoperatively. The measured stability in 20 degrees of knee flexion was similar
      in both groups before, immediately after, and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
      A slow increase in the laxity was noted. One of 20 ligaments ruptured in the
      arthrotomy group due to a new trauma. In the arthroscopy group, there was one
      rupture due to abrasion. During the follow-up, two cases in the arthroscopy group
      had synovitis, in one case leading to removal of the prosthesis. There seems to
      be no major benefit from arthroscopic reconstruction in terms of rehabilitation.
      The miniarthrotomy is preferred since the notch plasty is easier to perform
      adequately during it than during arthroscopy.

PMID- 3355642
TI  - Arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans of the first metatarsal
      head.
AB  - Osteochondritis dissecans of the first metatarsal head can be painfully disabling
      in the adolescent. It may be the forerunner of adolescent and adult hallux
      rigidus. Arthroscopic surgical treatment of this osteochondritis dissecans lesion
      is technically feasible. The case reported here suggests that arthroscopic
      treatment, at an early stage, can render a patient symptom-free and allow a
      return to full activity.

PMID- 3355644
TI  - Patellar instability: treatment by arthroscopic electrosurgical lateral release.

PMID- 3355643
TI  - Arthroscopic management of chondromatosis of the hip joint.
AB  - In selected cases, we present the arthroscopic surgery of the hip joint as an
      alternative to the conventional arthrotomy. It is distinguished by less surgery,
      minimal invasive exploration, and slight traumatization. Also, it comprises a
      short morbidity, and thereby, the method reduces the costs. If the operation
      succeeds, the patient and the surgeon are both enthusiastic.

PMID- 3355645
TI  - Analysis of DNA distribution in Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with and without the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - While Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS) may present as a multicentric disease with progressive organ involvement,
      the classic form of Kaposi's sarcoma is an indolent tumor seldom affecting
      extracutaneous areas and almost never responsible for the patient's demise. An
      attempt was made to correlate these clinical differences with the nuclear DNA
      content of tumor cells in histologic sections from 15 patients (9 with AIDS and 6
      without AIDS). All tumors showed a similar DNA distribution pattern, with most
      cells appearing diploid, indicative of a low malignant potential. These findings
      indicate that Kaposi's sarcoma of both AIDS and non-AIDS patients is a tumor of
      intrinsically low malignancy and that lack of immune surveillance is most
      probably responsible for its aggressive biologic behavior in many AIDS patients.

PMID- 3355646
TI  - Variable ploidy of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Implications for adequacy of
      tissue sampling.
AB  - Ten cases of clear cell (mesonephroid) adenocarcinoma of the ovary were examined
      for (1) variations of morphology within each tumor and its metastases, (2) ploidy
      of each morphologic region and (3) clinical behavior. Correlations were sought
      among these factors. Analysis of the ploidy in up to six morphologic regions per
      tumor showed variations in the ploidy in seven of the ten cases, with all seven
      having both diploid and nondiploid regions. The presence or absence of abnormal
      ploidy was not predictable based on the histomorphologic appearance of a given
      section. These results suggest that (1) the evaluation of a single random tissue
      sample may not discover aneuploidy that is present and (2) future ploidy studies
      on malignant tumors may require extensive tumor sampling in order to definitively
      exclude the presence of aneuploid populations.

PMID- 3355647
TI  - Morphometric study of bone marrow in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - A morphometric study utilizing the point counting method was carried out on bone
      marrow biopsies of 44 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in order
      to correlate the objective volume of the lymphocytic infiltration with the
      histologic patterns (nodular, interstitial, mixed and diffuse) and the clinical
      stages (A, B and C). The prognostic significance of isolated lymphocytic tumor
      cell burden was also analyzed. The results suggest that there is a significant
      correlation between the amount of tumoral lymphoid tissue (VL greater than 60%
      versus VL less than 60%) and the interstitial and diffuse histologic patterns, as
      well as with the clinical stages A and C. However, the lymphoid burden did not
      correlate with the nodular and mixed patterns, nor with the clinical stage B.
      When patients with VL greater than 60% were compared with those with VL less than
      60%, the difference in cumulative survival rates was not significant after the
      fourth year.

PMID- 3355648
TI  - Quantitation of megakaryocytes in normal bone marrow.
AB  - A quantitation of megakaryocytes in normal bone marrow biopsies was performed
      using a simple direct method of counting. In bone marrow biopsies having a mean
      cellularity of 72% (range of 60% to 85%), the mean number of megakaryocytes per
      high-power field (450 X) was 1.5 (range of 0.4 to 2.7).

PMID- 3355649
TI  - Microcomputer software and interface for control of a microscope scanning stage.
AB  - Motorized scanning stages are valuable in microscopy systems that employ digital
      image analysis and for the development of semiautomatic computer-assisted
      microscope systems; the development of standard software "tools" to control such
      stages will facilitate their integration into a variety of computer-based
      systems. A set of Microsoft BASIC and Turbo PASCAL programs that interfaces a
      microprocessor-controlled stepper motor microscope stage (MDACE 1000) to an IBM
      PC or PC-AT or compatible microcomputer via a serial interface (RS-232) is
      described. These programs can be integrated into other software written in either
      BASIC or PASCAL, or used via a menu program that directs the routines to control
      scanning patterns and to locate the microscope stage to a selected area of the
      slide. Coordinates of significant events on a slide can be stored on a disk file
      to allow future examination. The software and interface also provide control of a
      filter wheel in the microscope for use in multicolor fluorescence assays.

PMID- 3355650
TI  - Premotor cortex in the rat.
AB  - Donoghue and Wise (1982) identified an area AGm in the rat that they take to be a
      nonprimary motor area. In the present experiments, therefore, this area was
      removed bilaterally in rats. The animals were poor at relearning a visual
      conditional motor task but were able to learn spatial delayed alternation as
      rapidly as unoperated animals. Thus removing this area in rats has a similar
      effect to removing premotor cortex in monkeys. It is argued that this dorsomedial
      shoulder area should not be regarded as part of prefrontal cortex in the rat.

PMID- 3355651
TI  - Parametric features of inhibition of feeding in Aplysia by associative learning,
      satiation, and sustained lip stimulation.
AB  - In order to determine whether different classes of behavioral plasticity affect
      common or unique neural loci, the effects of three types of processes that
      inhibit feeding in Aplysia were quantified. Changes in feeding behavior due to an
      associative learning task in which animals learn that food is inedible were
      compared with behavioral effects caused by satiation and by sustained lip
      stimulation. The data indicate that each process modifying feeding can be
      characterized by differences in time to stop responding to food, by differences
      in specificity of the decrement to a particular food, and by different patterns
      of motor output before complete cessation of responsiveness. The data suggest
      each process inhibiting feeding acts at a different neural site. Learning that
      food is inedible may be due to facilitation of a specific sensory pathway onto
      pattern generators producing rejection responses. Sustained lip stimulation seems
      to inhibit feeding by causing a decrement in all outputs of a particular sensory
      pathway. Finally, satiation appears to represent inhibition of feeding motor
      elements.

PMID- 3355652
TI  - An adaptive neural model for mapping invariant target position.
AB  - We perceive a constant target in space as constant even though the registration
      of that target on our senses is continuously shifting. This article derives and
      stimulates a neural network model that represents visual spot targets, invariant
      with respect to any combination of egocentric target measures. The model
      represents space in terms of signals used to move in that space. The model learns
      and maintains precise sensory-motor calibrations starting with only loosely
      defined relations. It is adaptive to physical changes of the eye and muscles as
      well as internal system parameters. Its performance is noise and fault tolerant.
      Computer simulations show that the average error in target orientation after
      learning is about 1% of the total visual field extent. The model maintains good
      accuracy with many different parameter choices. Its performance is most related
      to the function of the posterior parietal cortex. Testable predictions are made
      for the columnar topography and learning in that brain structure.

PMID- 3355653
TI  - Stimulation of the spinal trigeminal nucleus supports classical conditioning of
      the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.
AB  - Acquisition, extinction, and differential conditioning of the rabbit's
      nictitating membrane response to a tone conditioned stimulus were supported by
      electrical stimulation of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Stimulation of the
      accessory abducens nucleus, the abducens nucleus, and the reticular formation at
      the level of the spinal trigeminal nucleus supported lower, transient levels of
      conditioning. The results are discussed in terms of stimulation of sensory inputs
      to the brainstem and cerebellum.

PMID- 3355654
TI  - Seemingly discrepant data from hippocampectomized macaques are reconciled by
      detectability analysis.
AB  - Wide differences in the effects of hippocampectomy on the visual memory
      performances of monkeys have been reported in the literature. These differences
      have been attributed to the extent of preoperative training. Previous
      calculations, however, have always utilized data expressed as a percentage
      correct. A reanalysis based on detectability, the d' of signal detection theory,
      suggests that the differences may be illusory. The losses in visual memory
      performance due to hippocampal lesions as measured in different laboratories are
      about equal in terms of d'. This points out a potential trap in making direct
      comparison of absolute differences in percentage values.

PMID- 3355655
TI  - Rotational stimulation disrupts spatial learning in fornix-lesioned rats.
AB  - Normal and fornix-lesioned rats were trained to find water in a version of a
      spatial discrimination task involving the use of a cross maze modified for
      interspersing rotational stimulation before the start of each trial. The central
      (cross) portion of the maze rested on a turntable and consisted of a covered
      start box opening into the intersection of the cross, allowing choice among three
      covered alleys, each of which led through a black curtain onto a stationary goal
      arm. The animal could be started in one of three positions (0 degree, 90 degrees,
      270 degrees) in relation to the rewarded goal arm. Room cues were not available
      until after the animal made the choice in the covered tunnel area. A 20-day
      testing period in which one to ten full revolutions were interspersed before the
      start of each trial revealed marked differences between normal and fornix
      lesioned animals. The overall performance of normal animals improved from 40%
      correct choices to 85% correct during the testing period. Fornix-lesioned rats
      showed no significant improvement during the same period. Performance on probe
      trials in which room cues were made available to the animals during interspersed
      rotations improved rapidly and was not significantly different between the two
      groups. The results suggest that adaptation to vestibular system stimulation was
      required to solve the covered tunnel task in normal rats and that such processes
      were disrupted in fornix-lesioned rats.

PMID- 3355656
TI  - Sparing of patterned alternation but not partial reinforcement extinction effect
      after prenatal chronic exposure to ethanol in infant rats.
AB  - The effects of in utero administration of ethanol on single patterned alternation
      (PA) and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) were studied in 15
      day-old rat pups. This fetal-alcohol treatment had no effect on PA but eliminated
      the PREE by reducing persistence in extinction after partial reinforcement (PRF)
      training to its level after continuous reinforcement (CRF) training, which was
      not affected by the treatment. The results are discussed in terms of prenatal
      damage to the hippocampus and in relation to an earlier experiment (Lobaugh,
      Bootin, & Amsel, 1985), which found no effect of infant hippocampal lesions on PA
      but an elimination of the PREE, which, unlike the fetal-alcohol case, resulted
      from PRF-like persistence in extinction following CRF training.

PMID- 3355657
TI  - Effects on the partial reinforcement extinction effect and on physical and reflex
      development of short-term in utero exposure to ethanol at different periods of
      gestation.
AB  - Ethanol was intubated into pregnant rats at Gestational Days 7-9 (G7-9) or 14-16
      (G14-16). At both gestational ages, ethanol intubation affected reflex
      development but not physical development of resulting offspring. At G14-16, but
      not at G7-9, ethanol intubation resulted in the elimination of the partial
      reinforcement extinction effect when pups were tested at 15 days of age. These
      latter results confirm and extend previous ones in which ethanol was administered
      in a liquid diet throughout gestation.

PMID- 3355658
TI  - Hippocampal function is required for feedback control of an internal clock's
      criterion.
AB  - A discrete-trial peak-interval procedure was used to evaluate the effects of
      hippocampal damage on the control of an internal clock's criterion. Rats first
      received either lesions of the fimbria-fornix or sham operations. Following
      surgery rats were trained on a 20-s peak-interval procedure and later were
      transferred to a 10-s peak-interval procedure. Rats with sham operations were
      maximally responsive about the time that reinforcement was sometimes made
      available (10 or 20 s) and showed an oscillation of successive peak-time values
      similar to biological feedback control systems. In contrast, rats with fimbria
      fornix lesions were maximally responsive at a time about 20% earlier than the
      time that reinforcement was made available (8 or 16 s) and showed no control of
      successive peak-time values. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a
      fimbria-fornix lesion reduces the remembered time of reinforcement stored in
      reference memory, interferes with the internal control of temporal criteria
      stored in working memory, and has no effect on the animal's sensitivity to
      stimulus duration or the acquisition of a new temporal criterion.

PMID- 3355659
TI  - Prenatal and neonatal androgen exposure interact to affect sexual differentiation
      in female rats.
AB  - Rats were injected with oil on Days 17.5 and 18.5 of pregnancy or with 2 mg of
      testosterone propionate (TP) on Days 15.5 and 16.5, or Days 17.5 and 18.5, or
      Days 19.5 and 20.5. The female offspring were given oil or 5 micrograms of TP on
      Day 25 postconception. Among females exposed to TP only during prenatal ontogeny,
      a lower proportion of those treated on Days 17.5-18.5 of gestation displayed
      lordotic behavior than did the control group. Postnatal TP alone did not affect
      lordosis. However, all groups receiving combined pre- and postnatal TP showed
      impaired estrous patterns. The development of several components of morphology
      also was differentially affected by the timing of the androgen exposure. The data
      suggest that the differentiation of sexual behavior and reproductive morphology
      in the rat are influenced by an interaction of androgen dependent processes
      operating at different stages of perinatal ontogeny. Further, there may be an
      optimal fetal period during which androgenization sensitizes animals to low
      levels of testosterone circulating during neonatal development.

PMID- 3355660
TI  - Dissociation of associative and nonassociative concomitants of classical fear
      conditioning in the freely behaving rat.
AB  - An acoustic stimulus previously paired with footshock elicits stereotyped
      increases in arterial pressure and heart rate and induces freezing behavior in
      freely behaving rats. Although the arterial pressure and freezing responses
      differ between groups given paired and random presentations of the tone and
      shock, the increases in heart rate do not. These observations, if taken at face
      value, suggest that the arterial pressure and freezing responses reflect
      associative learning but that the heart rate change is a nonassociative or a
      pseudoconditioned response. In this article we describe three experiments aimed
      at determining why the CS elicits similar increases in heart rate in groups given
      paired and random training. The first study demonstrates that regardless of the
      pseudoconditioning control procedure used (random, backwards, shock-alone, or
      naive), the same pattern of results is obtained: the increases in arterial
      pressure are greater in the paired than in each control group, but the heart rate
      rises to the same extent in all groups. The second study determined that the
      context in which the responses are tested (conditioning apparatus vs. novel test
      chamber) does not affect the general pattern of results obtained. The third study
      demonstrates that the superficially similar increases in heart rate in
      conditioned and pseudoconditioned rats are achieved by different physiological
      mechanisms: coactivation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
      in conditioned rats and sympathetic excitation alone in pseudoconditioned rats.
      Thus, the heart is influenced by associative emotional processes, but heart rate
      is not, under these conditions, a particularly useful index of those influences.

PMID- 3355661
TI  - Electrophysiological activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala:
      emotionality and stress ulcers in rats.
AB  - Multiple-unit activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala was continuously
      recorded during 4 hr of restraint stress in rats. Five different activity
      profiles were found. Two types were associated with stress ulceration: one with
      increased stomach pathology, and the other with decreased stomach pathology. The
      same unit profiles were also differentially related to the emotionality
      characteristics of Wistar-derived rats, as well as to those of the genetically
      selected lines of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. The type of profile that
      had been associated with increased pathology was generally seen in the Roman low
      avoidance rats and in the Wistar rats that had been judged to be more emotional,
      that is, defecated before five "rearings" had occurred in an open-field test. The
      other unit profile was significantly more frequent in the Roman high-avoidance
      animals and the less emotional Wistar rats. Low-level electrical stimulation of
      both types of units produced stomach erosions in all cases. It was concluded that
      the unit activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala reflects certain
      emotionality characteristics of rats and also their susceptibility of stress
      ulcers.

PMID- 3355662
TI  - CL 218-872 pretreatment and intervention block kainate-induced convulsions and
      neuropathology.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to test the antiepileptic properties of CL 218
      872, a triazolopyridizine reported to have anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects
      without accompanying sedative and ataxic effects. In Experiment 1 pretreatment
      with CL 218-872, a recently synthesized and potent triazolopyridizine, reduced
      kainic acid-induced convulsions and subsequent neuropathology in rats given ip
      doses of 25 mg/kg or greater. CL 218-872 at doses of 50 mg/kg or greater was more
      effective than a high dose of diazepam (20 mg/kg) in blocking status epilepticus
      like convulsions and the associated widespread neuropathological sequelae.
      Moreover, diazepam pretreatment was associated with a higher mortality rate than
      CL 218-872. In Experiment 2 the efficacy of intervention with 20 mg/kg diazepam
      was compared with that of 50 mg/kg CL 218-872 in suppressing ongoing convulsions
      and reducing subsequent brain damage following a convulsant dose of kainic acid.
      Although CL 218-872 and diazepam were equally effective behaviorally (i.e., in
      suppressing kainic acid-induced convulsions), CL 218-872 was superior in its
      ability to reduce subsequent neuropathology, especially in the hippocampus and
      neocortex. Because kainic acid has been suggested as a model for human status
      epilepticus, CL 218-872 may be a potentially therapeutic treatment for this
      disorder.

PMID- 3355663
TI  - A method for recognizing specific effects on ethanol intake by experimental
      animals.
AB  - A method of mathematical treatment of data concerning changes in voluntary
      consumption of ethanol solution, water and solid food, induced by experimental
      treatments in animals, in order to recognize effects on mechanisms involved in
      specific appetite and satiety for calories, water and ethanol is proposed. The
      need of such method arises from the fact that several experimental treatments
      tested by the effects on ethanol consumption alter at the same time the appetite
      or satiety for calories and/or for water, as well as ingestive behavior. The
      results of testing the method with the data obtained by treatment of UChA and
      UChB rats with disulfiram or cyanamide were consistent with the expected ones.

PMID- 3355664
TI  - Alcohol use, marihuana smoking, and sexual activity in women.
AB  - This report describes a prospective study of social drinking, marihuana smoking,
      and sexual activity by 26 healthy adult women (mean age 26.8 years). Each subject
      completed daily questionnaires for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles, and recorded
      menstrual cycle status, quantities and frequencies of alcohol consumption,
      marihuana smoking, and sexual activity. Consistent patterns of alcohol
      consumption, marihuana smoking, and sexual activity were reported across all 3
      menstrual cycles. Heavy drinkers (mean greater than or equal to 1.80 drinks per
      day) were more likely to smoke marihuana than moderate drinkers (mean less than
      or equal to 1.75 drinks per day) and they also smoked significantly more
      marihuana (p less than 0.05). Neither age nor frequency of sexual activity were
      related to patterns of alcohol or marihuana consumption.

PMID- 3355665
TI  - Effects of physostigmine on shuttle avoidance in rats exposed prenatally to
      ethanol.
AB  - Shuttle avoidance performance following pretreatment with physostigmine was
      assessed in 85- to 100-day-old rats whose mothers consumed a liquid diet
      consisting of 35% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) during pregnancy. Offspring of
      pair-fed (0% EDC) and ad lib lab chow (LC) dams served as controls. Animals
      received either 0, 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg physostigmine sulfate prior to acquisition
      training in a shuttle avoidance apparatus. Training consisted of 50 trials/day
      for 4 days. Thirty-five percent EDC rats made fewer avoidances than controls
      during acquisition training. Treatment with physostigmine reduced the number of
      avoidances made, and did so similarly for all prenatal treatment groups. Escape
      latencies were not affected by prenatal treatment, although they were increased
      by physostigmine administration prior to training. Neither prenatal treatment nor
      physostigmine treatment affected activity as measured by the number of intertrial
      crossings while in the apparatus. These data indicate that alcohol-exposed
      animals did not respond differentially to physostigmine relative to controls,
      suggesting that cholinergic dysfunction may not underlie the prenatal alcohol
      induced deficit in active avoidance.

PMID- 3355666
TI  - Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes: differences with respect to species.
AB  - Although changes in the acetaldehyde (Ac-CHO) oxidizing system in the liver are
      important for understanding the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury,
      interspecies differences of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH: 1.2.1.3)
      isozymes have not yet been sufficiently studied. In the present study, the
      character and subcellular distribution of hepatic ALDH isozymes in male animals
      such as the Rhesus monkey, domestic cow, albino rabbit and Wistar strain rat were
      analyzed and compared with those in humans. The optimal pH for ALDH isozymes in
      human liver was 9.5, while those of monkey, cow, rabbit and rat were 9.0, 9.0,
      8.5 and 8.5, respectively. In human liver, low Km ALDH activity was distributed
      mainly in the cytosol, while the corresponding activity was selectively
      distributed in the mitochondria in rat liver. The distribution patterns of low Km
      ALDH in the other animals were similar to those of the rat. In microsomes, low Km
      ALDH activity was very low or almost negligible in the livers of all species.
      These results indicate that Ac-CHO degrades mainly in the cytosol in the human
      liver, whereas, in the other species, it occurs in the mitochondria. This
      suggests that results obtained with experimental animals cannot be applied
      directly to humans. It is also suggested that degradation of the Ac-CHO produced
      in the microsomes may be slow in all species.

PMID- 3355667
TI  - Determination of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme activity in human liver.
AB  - As acetaldehyde (Ac-CHO) has been implicated as a cause of alcoholic liver
      injury, accurate knowledge concerning changes in the Ac-CHO oxidizing system in
      human liver is essential for the understanding of the pathogenesis. However, an
      assay system for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH: EC 1.2, 1.3) isozymes in human
      biological material has not yet been established. In the present study, the assay
      systems for human liver ALDH isozyme activity were analyzed. In human red blood
      cells, in which only one type of ALDH isozyme, high Km ALDH, is present, a
      maximum activity was observed at a substrate concentration of over 300 microM. In
      human liver of the usual type in which ALDH I (low Km isozyme) was not deficient,
      the activity reached a first plateau at 12 microM Ac-CHO after which the activity
      started to increase again at 20 microM Ac-CHO and continued to increase until 5.0
      mM Ac-CHO. In the liver of the unusual type, which is deficient in low Km ALDH,
      activity was not detected at Ac-CHO concentrations lower than 10 microM. These
      results indicate that the optimum substrate concentrations for the determination
      of ALDH isozymes are 12 microM for low Km, 300 microM for high Km and over 1 mM
      for very high Km ALDH isozymes. The maximum activities of these three isozymes in
      the liver were obtained at a pH ranging between 9.0-9.5 and at an NAD
      concentration of over 500 microM. From these results, it is concluded that the
      assay system of Blair and Bodley is applicable for the determination of ALDH
      isozyme activity in human biological material with the exception of determining
      Km values.

PMID- 3355668
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase is not a major determinant of alcohol preference in mice.
AB  - We present evidence that in MRL/Mp mice, difference in one gene affects the
      activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. MRL/Mp- + show high alcohol dehydrogenase
      (ADH) activity in the range of that found in C57BL/6, while MRL/Mp-lpr show ADH
      values in the range of non-drinker strains such as DBA/1, BALB/c, A, SJL, CBA and
      C3H/He. Voluntary alcohol consumption in MRL/Mp- + is 30-40% higher than that in
      the MRL/Mp-lpr. However, alcohol preference of both congenic strains is markedly
      lower than those of C57BL/6 mice. Our findings lead us to conclude that although
      alcohol dehydrogenase levels do relate to alcohol preference in mice, they are
      responsible for only a minor fraction of inter-strain differences.

PMID- 3355669
TI  - Increase in mitochondrial GOT (m-GOT) activity after chronic alcohol consumption:
      clinical and experimental observations.
AB  - In order to clarify the origin and the mechanism of increased serum activity of
      glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) in chronic alcoholics, clinical and
      experimental investigations were carried out. Mitochondrial (m-GOT) and cytosolic
      GOT (c-GOT) isoenzymes were separated chromatographically by using a mini-column
      packed with Sephadex A50. Sixty percent of 63 alcoholics had elevated serum GOT.
      The m-GOT activity in alcoholics with total serum GOT activity of over 50 Karmen
      Units was 17.2 +/- 1.6 K.U. and the m-GOT/GOT ratio was the highest when compared
      to those in non-alcoholic liver diseases. In in vitro study, six hours of
      incubation of isolated hepatocytes from rats fed ethanol chronically resulted in
      an increased leakage of m-GOT into the incubation medium and also showed a
      tendency of a higher m-GOT/GOT ratio than that from control rats. The m-GOT
      activity thus released into the medium showed a highly significant inverse
      correlation with the viability of hepatocytes. These data suggest that m-GOT
      substantially contributes to an increased serum GOT often observed in chronic
      alcoholics.

PMID- 3355670
TI  - Effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on narcosis time and lethality of ethanol in
      UChA rats.
AB  - The capacity of rat brain homogenates to oxidize ethanol by catalase peroxidative
      system, previously reported, was reevaluated in experiments using lower ethanol
      concentration, showing that the effect of this system can be observed even with a
      concentration of 50 mM, equivalent to non lethal blood level. The involvement of
      catalase was confirmed by its blocking by aminotriazole (AT) or methanol but not
      by pyrazole or butanol. Evidence for a functional role of ethanol oxidation by
      brain catalase in the action of this substance was given by the fact that rats
      pretreated with AT (1 g/kg IP) exhibited a significant shorter narcosis than
      untreated controls, strongly suggesting the mediation of acetaldehyde in this
      effect. Previous results with doses of 60 mmole/kg IP were confirmed with 70
      mmole/kg IP, but not with 90 mmole/kg IP. A significant prolonging of narcosis
      time was observed when AT was administered after any of these doses by an unknown
      mechanism. Furthermore it was observed that AT pretreatment reduced significantly
      the lethal effect of 110 mmole/kg IP ethanol; but when AT was given after ethanol
      (90 mmole/kg IP) it enhanced the lethality. These results suggest that catalase
      peroxidative pathway might play a role not only in narcosis time but also in
      ethanol toxicity.

PMID- 3355671
TI  - Decreased sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures as a consequence of nicotine
      pretreatment in long-sleep and short-sleep mice.
AB  - Male and female long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) mice were pretreated with a
      subseizure-producing dose of nicotine (2.0 mg/kg) 7.5, 15 and 30 minutes prior to
      challenge with seizure-producing doses of this drug. Nicotine pretreated animals
      were less susceptible to nicotine-induced seizures than were saline pretreated
      animals. The latency to seizure following nicotine challenge was greater in
      nicotine pretreated animals than in saline controls. Nicotine pretreated LS mice
      show a greater decrease in nicotine-induced seizure susceptibility than do
      nicotine pretreated SS mice. This decrease in seizure susceptibility is
      consistent with induction of nicotinic receptor desensitization via nicotine
      pretreatment. It is hypothesized that LS and SS mice might differ in sensitivity
      to nicotine in part because they differ in baseline levels of desensitized versus
      functional nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 3355672
TI  - Human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase: subcellular distribution in alcoholics and
      nonalcoholics.
AB  - Activity assay and isoelectric focusing analysis of human biopsy and autopsy
      liver specimens showed the existence of two major aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH
      I, ALDH II). Subcellular distribution of these isozymes was determined in autopsy
      livers from alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Nearly 70% of the total ALDH activity
      was recovered in the cytosol which contained both the major isozymes.
      Densitometric evaluation of isozyme bands showed that about 65% of the cytosolic
      enzyme activity was due to ALDH II and the rest due to ALDH I isozyme. Only about
      5% of the total ALDH activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction (70% ALDH I
      and 30% ALDH II). Significantly reduced total and specific ALDH activities were
      noted in all the subcellular fractions from cirrhotic liver specimens.
      Apparently, ALDH I isozyme from cytosol and mitochondria is primarily responsible
      for the oxidation of small amounts of acetaldehyde normally found in the blood of
      nonalcoholics after drinking moderate amounts of alcohol. However, in alcoholics
      who exhibit higher blood acetaldehyde concentrations after drinking alcohol, ALDH
      II isozyme may be of greater physiological significance.

PMID- 3355673
TI  - Lack of alcohol-deprivation effect in AA rats.
AB  - Rats that have had at least several weeks of access to ethanol generally react to
      a week or more without it by drinking more alcohol on the first few days of
      renewed access. This alcohol-deprivation effect was again seen now in 25 male
      Long-Evans rats but not in 21 males of the heavy-drinking AA line. The present
      results obtained with F51 generation AAs differ from ones obtained previously
      with F32 AAs, which showed an initially small but long-lasting increase after
      deprivation, and may indicate a change produced by the intervening revitalization
      of the AA line.

PMID- 3355675
TI  - Electrodiagnosis and recovery of function.
AB  - The study of electrodiagnosis with respect to recovery of function is in its
      infancy. There is a need for better understanding of the mechanisms of recovery
      and for better techniques to monitor recovery. This paper reviews the potential
      uses and limitations of current electrodiagnostic tests to predict and monitor
      neuromuscular recovery. It illustrates the use of these techniques in patients
      with spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3355674
TI  - Ethanol preference following the sucrose-fading initiation procedure.
AB  - Lever responding maintained with ethanol reinforcement at concentrations up to
      20% (v/v) was initiated in non-food and -water deprived rats via a sucrose-fading
      procedure. Home cage two-bottle preference tests between water and 10% ethanol
      were conducted before (pre) and after (post) the ethanol initiation procedure to
      determine the effect of initial ethanol preference on ethanol initiation and of
      initiation on later ethanol preference. Initial preference testing found that the
      rats could be divided into two groups, animals with low ethanol preference scores
      (preference below 25%) and those with moderate ethanol preference scores
      (preference between 25% and 50%). All animals were successfully initiated with
      the sucrose-fading procedure to lever press with ethanol reinforcement. Following
      initiation, home cage preference was markedly increased for the initially low
      preferring rats (from 12% to 43%), while moderate-preferring rats showed only
      slight increases (from 37% to 47%). The shift in ethanol preference was discussed
      in terms of the relation between ethanol preference and behavioral history.

PMID- 3355676
TI  - Electrophysiologic study of the anterior interosseous nerve.
AB  - Nerve conduction studies of the anterior interosseous nerve were performed on 26
      healthy subjects (6 women and 20 men, aged 24 to 63 years). The compound muscle
      action potential from the pronator quadratus muscle was obtained by using surface
      electrodes placed over the dorsal aspect of the distal forearm and median nerve
      stimulation at the elbow. The latency of the evoked potential was determined over
      distances that ranged from 17.5-28 cm from the elbow to the pronator quadratus
      muscle; this resulted in latencies of 3.5 ms (+/- 0.4) and 3.6 ms (+/- 0.4) for
      the left and right extremities, respectively, with a side-to-side difference of
      0.1 ms (+/- 0.1). The amplitude of the potentials recorded was 3.1 mV (+/- 0.8);
      a difference in amplitude of 11.4% (+/- 7.7%) between extremities was seen.
      Although duration measurements were obtained, the frequent presence of biomodal
      peaks made interpretation difficult. This bimodal pattern was felt to represent
      either two heads of the pronator quadratus or another muscle innervated by the
      anterior interosseous nerve. The technique in the present study is easy to
      perform, allows better assessment of the compound muscle action potentials
      obtained and provides for side-to-side comparisons of latency and amplitude. This
      technique aids the electromyographer in evaluation of suspected cases of injury
      to the anterior interosseous nerve, particularly in unilateral cases.

PMID- 3355677
TI  - Practical instrumentation and common sources of error.
AB  - A thorough comprehension of electrodiagnostic equipment is essential to
      consistently obtain accurate and reproducible data. Unreliable waveform latencies
      or morphologies may result from inappropriate filter settings, sensitivity
      comparisons, sweep speeds, interelectrode separation, cathode/anode reversals and
      stimulus artifact. A low frequency filter with too high a frequency limit may
      decrease amplitude, shorten peak latency, decrease the negative spike duration,
      add a phase and increase total waveform duration. A high frequency filter with
      too low a cut-off may decrease amplitude and prolong onset and peak latencies.
      Increasing the amplifier's sensitivity may shorten the onset latency of a
      response. Sweep speeds that are too slow may omit phases, turns or entire
      potentials when using digital equipment. If the interelectrode separation is
      inadequate, waveform morphology and amplitude can be altered. Reversing cathode
      and anode placement affects latency and velocity determinations. Stimulus
      artifact may obscure a response and its reduction must be understood. Comparing
      latencies and amplitudes at different instrument settings is never appropriate
      and can lead to serious errors and misdiagnoses. A naive approach to
      instrumentation, therefore, is indefensible.

PMID- 3355679
TI  - Continuity of care. A teaching model.
AB  - Recent changes in health care mandate innovative approaches to teaching.
      Rehabilitation as part of the continuum of disability motivated the "continuity
      of care model." This model permits the presentation of rehabilitation in its
      global sense: from onset of injury through re-integration into the community.
      This report describes a curriculum for physical medicine and rehabilitation
      residents that comprises a three-phase approach to rehabilitation: acute care,
      inpatient rehabilitation and community re-entry. The curriculum is adaptable for
      medical students. A secondary benefit of the project for the resident is a better
      understanding of relevant cost benefit/cost effective concepts in the delivery of
      quality services. The close interaction of residents with community agencies
      permits these agencies to gain a better understanding of the medical needs of
      disabled people.

PMID- 3355678
TI  - Rehabilitation outcomes in complete C5 quadriplegia.
AB  - Establishment of rehabilitation goals for spinal cord injury patients generally
      has been based on the degree of residual motor function. Despite extensive
      clinical experience with spinal cord injury rehabilitation, there have been no
      reports of the ability of C5 quadriplegic patients to perform self-care and
      mobility skills before and after rehabilitation. This study was designed to
      examine the rehabilitation outcomes of 63 patients with C5 complete quadriplegia,
      who completed an interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program, using the
      100-point modified Barthel Index as a means of rating functional status. There
      were statistically significant increases in the mean modified Barthel index
      scores from 7.1 on admission to 28.9 on discharge for the entire group of
      patients. The self-care subscore increased significantly from 6.5 on admission to
      20.0 on discharge and the mobility subscore increased significantly from 0.5 on
      admission to 8.9 on discharge. Ability to perform self-care and mobility subscore
      tasks is described. This study documented significant improvements in function
      during comprehensive rehabilitation among patients with C5 spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3355680
TI  - Diagnostic peripheral nerve block resulting in compartment syndrome. Case report.
AB  - A hemiplegic patient with severe upper extremity spasticity 2 years after a
      cerebrovascular accident received a diagnostic median nerve block below the elbow
      with bupivacaine. He had been placed on Coumadin as prophylaxis for
      cerebrovascular arteriosclerotic disease, and prothrombin time was kept at twice
      the control value. Less than 48 hours after the procedure, a compartment syndrome
      developed in the volar forearm. Compartment syndrome has not previously been
      reported as a complication resulting from a nerve block procedure. We conclude
      that (1) compartment syndrome may develop after a peripheral nerve block
      procedure for spasticity, (2) prophylactic anticoagulation may increase the risk
      for hemorrhagic events resulting from percutaneous injection and (3) early
      recognition is essential and appropriate decompressive fasciotomy may be
      indicated if a compartment syndrome develops after a nerve block procedure.

PMID- 3355681
TI  - Abdominal distention as an indication of post-polio ventilatory insufficiency.
      Clinical note.
AB  - Post-polio patients may experience episodes of recurrent respiratory
      insufficiency even after years of relatively stable pulmonary function. This
      patient's case was clearly documented with pulse oxymetry at night. Her major
      complaint, that of abdominal distension, was successfully addressed with the use
      of negative pressure ventilation. The likely cause of the abdominal distension
      was the excessive swallowing of air during episodes of ventilatory insufficiency.
      The goal of care for this patient was a safer, less stressful, more comfortable
      and restful nighttime routine with less daytime fatigue. The symptom of abdominal
      distention served as an indicator of a significant threat to her well being.
      Psychological support was a key element in her acceptance of the use of the
      ventilatory support equipment.

PMID- 3355682
TI  - Treatment is supportive.

PMID- 3355683
TI  - Physiatry--the medicine of chronic dysfunction.

PMID- 3355684
TI  - Trends in office-based surgery.

PMID- 3355685
TI  - Trends in office-based surgery: lipoplasty.

PMID- 3355686
TI  - Surgical care of submental gunshot wounds.
AB  - The care of patients with self-inflicted facial gunshot wounds is complex and
      challenging. The magnitude and self-inflicted nature of the injuries naturally
      give rise to questions about potential for successful rehabilitation. The
      surgical care and rehabilitation of ten such patients are described. The initial
      grotesque disfiguration belies the reasonable chances for functional restoration.
      Patients in this series who completed reconstruction swallow well enough to
      maintain body weight, speak understandably, breathe without tracheostomy, and
      have an appearance sufficiently normal that they can interact socially without
      embarrassment. Guidelines are proposed for multidisciplinary medical care leading
      to satisfactory functional, aesthetic, social, and psychiatric rehabilitation.

PMID- 3355687
TI  - Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid. A flow cytometric DNA analysis.
AB  - Twenty-five Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland, histopathologically
      classified into three groups--adenomas, carcinomas, and indeterminant--have been
      studied by DNA flow cytometry using archived, paraffin-embedded tissues. Tumor
      ploidy characteristics were correlated with patient follow-up and survival with
      the conclusions that (1) nuclear DNA ploidy alone does not distinguish benign
      from malignant Hurthle cell tumors; (2) diploid DNA Hurthle cell carcinomas
      behave far less aggressively than aneuploid Hurthle cell carcinomas; and (3) all
      patients with aneuploid carcinomas died of their disease or are alive with
      persistent carcinoma.

PMID- 3355688
TI  - Allergen-induced leukotriene production by nasal mucosa and peripheral blood
      leukocytes.
AB  - The relationship between release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from nasal mucosa in
      vivo and from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in vitro was examined in 18
      patients with untreated rhinitis allergic to the house dust mite,
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and in 20 nonallergic control subjects following
      challenge with the specific allergen. Allergic patients were subjected to
      intranasal and PBL challenge with D pteronyssinus and a nonrelevant allergen,
      Artemisia vulgaris. In all allergic patients, intranasal challenge by D
      pteronyssinus, but not by A vulgaris, resulted in a release of substances from
      the nasal mucosa that reacted in a radioimmunoassay with antiserum to LTC4.
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus challenge in vitro of PBLs from the same patients,
      but not A vulgaris challenge, induced release of the same immunoreactive material
      into the supernatant. By comparison, the nonallergic subjects challenged with D
      pteronyssinus showed significantly lower LTC4 levels in their nasal secretions
      and PBL supernatants. The results show that, following specific allergen
      challenge, the release of LTC4 by the allergic nasal mucosa is similar in extent
      and nature to that of PBLs, indicating that these procedures can be used as tools
      to measure the efficacy of topically and systemically administered antiallergic
      drugs.

PMID- 3355689
TI  - Nasal response to food ingestion challenge.
AB  - A routine diagnostic procedure, the food-focused history, intracutaneous tests
      with food extracts, and ingestion challenge with selected foods in combination
      with rhinomanometry were performed in 142 patients suffering from perennial
      allergic rhinitis. Forty-one of the 47 patients with a "positive food allergy
      history" developed 65 (90%) positive nasal responses during 72 food ingestion
      challenges. Of the 95 patients with an "unknown food allergy history," 54
      developed 68 (50%) positive nasal responses during 132 food ingestion challenges.
      The following responses were recorded: 29 isolated immediate (within three
      hours), 38 isolated late (six to 24 hours), 42 dual late (immediate + late), 11
      isolated delayed (28 to 52 hours), and 13 dual delayed (immediate + delayed). It
      can be concluded that the involvement of foods in allergic rhinitis is more
      frequent than is usually expected. The definite confirmation of the role of a
      certain food in these patients should be provided by the food ingestion challenge
      demonstrating one of the clinical types of nasal response. The mechanisms
      underlying the nasal response to foods are not yet fully clarified. The
      involvement of different types of hypersensitivity in the individual types of
      nasal response cannot be excluded.

PMID- 3355690
TI  - Transtympanic iontophoresis of dexamethasone and fosfomycin.
AB  - The effects of transtympanic iontophoresis of corticosteroids and antibiotics on
      otitis media with effusion (OME) were investigated. An experimental study using
      guinea pigs revealed that transtympanic passage of dexamethasone sodium phosphate
      and fosfomycin sodium by iontophoresis had sufficient anti-inflammatory and
      antimicrobial effects. Twenty children with OME (33 ears) who were treated by
      iontophoresis were compared with 28 untreated children with OME (35 ears) with
      respect to improvement assessed by tympanoaudiometry. After one month,
      tympanoaudiometry revealed improvement in 21 (63.6%) of the treated ears but in
      only 13 (37.1%) of the untreated ears, indicating the efficacy of this treatment
      for OME.

PMID- 3355692
TI  - Surgically confirmed clinical otosclerosis among the Chinese.
AB  - We report herein on 163 cases of surgically confirmed otosclerosis among Chinese.
      Our results suggest significant racial differences between Chinese and whites in
      respect to the incidence of this disease, and the likelihood of a family history.
      Surgical and histopathological findings, while confirming otosclerosis identical
      to that experienced in whites, suggest that generally the disease is milder among
      Chinese. The sex ratio, age range, and bilateral involvement, on the other hand,
      were discovered to be basically similar between the two races. A detailed
      description is given of the postauricular surgical technique used, and it is
      argued that it may be more suitable in cases where there is a small ear canal,
      since the results achieved (80% success rate) are comparable with other reports.

PMID- 3355691
TI  - Surgical dimensions of the facial recess in adults and children.
AB  - The facial recess approach permits surgical access to the round window area. This
      route is used in patients who are undergoing cochlear implantation. To evaluate
      the feasibility of this procedure in children as compared with adults, serial
      sections of temporal bones were used to measure the surgical dimensions of the
      facial recess. No statistically significant differences in the dimensions of the
      facial recess or the extended facial recess approaches were found between
      children and adults. The relationship of the facial and chorda tympani nerves to
      the annular plane exhibited no change with postnatal growth. These structures
      translate posteriorly and laterally toward the annular plane as they descend
      within the temporal bone. Therefore, the facial recess approach represents no
      greater hazard in a child than in an adult.

PMID- 3355693
TI  - Ultrastructure of contralaterally projecting vestibular efferent neurons in the
      cat.
AB  - Numerous reports have demonstrated that primary vestibular afferent axons
      terminate in the vicinity of centrally located vestibular efferent (VE) neurons.
      The goal of this study was to morphologically demonstrate contact of primary
      vestibular afferents directly on the soma of contralaterally projecting VE
      neurons, as well as develop a quantitative description of these neurons. A right
      vestibular neurectomy was performed in three young adult cats followed up three
      days later by the placement of horseradish peroxidase into the left vestibule.
      Labeled contralateral (right) VE neurons were examined in a transmission electron
      microscope for degenerating synaptic profiles contacting the soma.
      Ultrastructural characteristics of VE neurons, including nuclear size, volume
      fraction of intracellular organelles, number of synaptic profiles, and cellular
      shape, were quantitatively analyzed. No degenerating synaptic profiles were
      observed on labeled VE soma, although degenerating axons were present nearby.
      Statistical analysis of volume fraction data of the VE neurons suggests a
      continuum of a single subpopulation of cells rather than multiple subpopulations.

PMID- 3355694
TI  - The temporal approach to impacted lateral orbital wall fractures.
AB  - Impact forces centered over the lateral orbital rim may cause fracture
      dislocations of the frontal process of the zygoma and the orbital plate of the
      sphenoid bone. These two major components of the lateral orbital wall may be
      impacted separately or as a unit into the posterior orbit to cause severe
      injuries to the eyeball or optic nerve. These ophthalmic injuries may be worsened
      by attempts to manipulate the bony fragments through the standard periorbital
      incisions. A safer approach is the temporal approach that exposes the entire
      lateral zygomatico-orbital region through a hemicoronal incision. This allows for
      manipulation of the lateral wall fragments under direct visualization and without
      retraction pressure on the globe. This larger operation appears justified in
      selected cases by the reduced risks to an already compromised eyeball or optic
      nerve.

PMID- 3355695
TI  - Autotransplantation of parathyroid tissue into sternocleidomastoid muscle.
AB  - Four cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism were treated by total
      parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
      These total parathyroidectomy patients are presented to demonstrate the
      reliability of parathyroid autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid
      muscle. Our technique is described in detail, and all procedures were successful.
      In one case, the patient was found, in retrospect, to have an adenoma in the
      transplanted parathyroid tissue. When the patient developed graft-dependent
      hypercalcemia, a portion of the graft was easily excised under local anesthesia
      and the patient became normocalcemic. Parathyroid tissue should be transplanted
      into the sternocleidomastoid muscle rather than other sites because of easy
      accessibility, one operative site, less graft ischemia, a low incidence of
      infection, and a high success rate due to excellent blood supply.

PMID- 3355696
TI  - Multifocal extraosseous eosinophilic granuloma of the head and neck.
AB  - Multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (Hand-Schuller-Christian disease) confined to
      soft tissues in the head and neck region is described in a man, 32 years of age.
      The lesions were detected at varying time intervals within a period of 14 months.
      They were located in the gingivae, the submaxillary salivary glands, the thyroid
      gland, and in the dermal lining of the external auditory meatus. Clinical,
      histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical findings are presented and
      discussed. Some of these findings go along with the tenet that the typical
      proliferating histiocyte in eosinophilic granuloma is a pathologic Langerhans'
      cell, or a close kindred to it.

PMID- 3355697
TI  - Squamous cell papilloma at the tracheoesophageal puncture stoma.
AB  - Over 140 tracheoesophageal punctures were performed at the Cleveland Clinic
      Foundation, Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders over the
      last seven years. In all cases the Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis was utilized
      for alaryngeal voice restoration. Of these patients, two examples were noted
      where squamous cell papilloma was found at the tracheoesophageal stoma site. The
      preoperative evaluation and surgical laser technique for surgical excision of the
      papilloma with postoperative care are described. The case reports of each of the
      patients that have been diagnosed as having squamous cell papilloma of the
      tracheoesophageal puncture site are reviewed.

PMID- 3355698
TI  - Paecilomyces variotii. An unusual cause of isolated sphenoid sinusitis.
AB  - Isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis is an unusual head and neck infection. We
      describe the first reported case (to our knowledge) of Paecilomyces variotii
      sphenoid sinusitis. In addition, it represents one of the few reported cases of
      isolated fungal sphenoid sinusitis. Diagnosis and management of this condition
      are described. Aggressive surgical management is advocated when fungal sphenoid
      sinusitis is suspected.

PMID- 3355699
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Clear cell carcinoma, consistent with metastatic renal
      cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3355701
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. First branchial grove anomaly, type I.

PMID- 3355700
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Condyloma acuminatum.

PMID- 3355702
TI  - Virchow's node revisited.

PMID- 3355703
TI  - Laryngeal examination.

PMID- 3355704
TI  - Plastic surgery wars.

PMID- 3355705
TI  - Blindness as a complication of rhinoplasty.

PMID- 3355706
TI  - Dabblers in head and neck oncology.

PMID- 3355707
TI  - Changes in sialic acid and fucose contents of enterocytes across the crypt-villus
      axis in developing rat intestine.
AB  - Alterations in sialic acid and fucose contents of different populations of
      epithelial cells have been studied in suckling and adult rat intestine. The
      progression of cells from crypt base to villus tip is associated with an increase
      in sialic acid and a decrease in fucose levels of the cells in adult rats. In
      suckling pups, sialic acid is uniformly distributed along the length of villi,
      and fucose is richly (P less than 0.01) present in cryptic cells compared to that
      at the villus tip. Adult-type changes in sialylation and fucosylation of
      enterocytes across the crypt-villus axis were precociously produced by cortisone
      administration to suckling pups. Thyroxine treatment was less effective in
      influencing the glycosylation process in rat intestine.

PMID- 3355708
TI  - Effect of coix on plasma, liver, and fecal lipid components in the rat fed on
      lard- or soybean oil-cholesterol diet.
AB  - To determine the influence of dietary coix on lipid metabolism, the effect of
      coix on plasma, liver, and fecal lipid components was studied using Sprague
      Dawley male rats. All rats were divided into four groups, and the rats of each
      group were fed the coix-lard diet, coix-soybean oil diet, or the respective
      control diets (containing 1% cholesterol each) for 27 days. Plasma and liver
      cholesterol levels in the coix-lard diet group significantly decreased as
      compared with those in the control group, whereas there was no effect on the
      fecal excretion of cholesterol. The decreases in the concentrated liver
      triglyceride and the increases in the fecal excretion of triglyceride were found
      in coix-soybean oil diet group. Moreover, liver and fecal phospholipid levels in
      both coix diet groups significantly increased. But there were no significant
      changes in plasma and fecal bile acids in either coix diet group. These results
      suggest the possibilities that coix may have an inhibitory action on cholesterol
      synthesis in liver, a facilitating effect on biliary excretion of triglyceride,
      and an acceleratory action on phospholipid synthesis in liver.

PMID- 3355709
TI  - Liver aspartate aminotransferase activity as a power function of body weight.
AB  - Total liver enzyme activity (E) for aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT; EC 2.6.1.1)
      per gram body weight (W) decreases in six species as body weight increases from
      mice to cattle according to the equation E/W 0.85 = c, where c is a constant. The
      0.85 power of body weight thereby provides a reference standard for the direct
      arithmetic comparison of liver ASAT activities in six species with different body
      weights. The use of W 0.85 should provide a tool in clinical studies in which
      data from experimental animals must be related to humans, e.g., in establishing
      the relationship between drug dosage (or toxicity) and body weight.

PMID- 3355710
TI  - Failure of L-carnitine to protect mice against ammonia toxicity.
AB  - Recent reports indicate that intraperitoneal administration of L-carnitine
      protects mice from ammonia toxicity. We found that mice injected with L-carnitine
      and subsequently challenged with ammonium acetate succumb as readily as mice
      injected with saline and the ammonium acetate. Mice pretreated with L-carnitine
      exhibited higher levels of liver ammonia than the saline-pretreated control mice.
      The ammonia and urea levels in serum and brains were similar in two groups. Our
      findings are in contrast to those reported previously and therefore warrants
      further investigation before L-carnitine can be considered as a drug to alleviate
      hyperammonemia in humans.

PMID- 3355711
TI  - Phenylalanine metabolites as indicators of dietary compliance in children with
      phenylketonuria.
AB  - The data from this study showed that the excretion of three major metabolites of
      phenylalanine in patients with PKU approach normal values at blood phenylalanine
      levels less than 5.0 mg/dl. The MANOVA showed statistically significant
      differences in phenyllactate excretion when blood phenylalanine was greater than
      10.0 mg/dl. The PL and total metabolite excretion were significantly correlated
      to blood phenylalanine in multiple samples taken from two individual subjects.
      Using data obtained from single patient observations may serve as a means for
      individualizing the PKU diet to insure low levels of phenylalanine metabolites
      and thus insure optimal development for patients with PKU.

PMID- 3355712
TI  - Postmortem biochemical indices of antemortem hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if the perturbations in two glycolytic
      metabolites that occur during hemorrhagic shock can be used as discriminatory
      postmortem indicators of death resulting from severe hemorrhagic shock. Two
      groups of male albino Sprague-Dawley rats were hemorrhaged by withdrawing either
      40% (Group I) or 45% (Group II) of the total blood volume. Glycogen and lactate
      concentrations were determined at 0 and 48 hr postmortem in the following tissues
      and organs: diaphragm, heart, liver, kidney cortex, and kidney medulla. The
      differences in lactate and glycogen in Group I at 0 hr were not significantly
      different from the nonhemorrhaged controls, with the exception of the lower liver
      glycogen concentration (58% of control). In Group II glycogen concentration was
      significantly reduced at 0 hr in the diaphragm (70% of control), liver (37%), and
      kidney medulla (55%). Lactate concentration was higher in all tissues examined by
      270-640%; within 48 hr all tissues for both control and hemorrhaged animals had
      declined to baseline levels of glycogen concentration, whereas lactate levels had
      increased as much as 34-fold. There were no highly significant differences in
      glycogen at 48 hr between the control and hemorrhaged groups. In Group II the
      lactates were similar for both the control and hemorrhaged animals with the
      exception of the higher concentrations in the kidney cortex (54%) and medulla
      (41%). It was concluded from these findings that although significant metabolic
      perturbations are present at the time of death due to hemorrhage these
      differences do not persist up to 48 hr postmortem, with the possible exception of
      the kidney lactate concentrations.

PMID- 3355713
TI  - Influence of partial replacement of starch by sucrose in high fat-cholesterol
      diet on serum lipoprotein responses of cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - The influence of partial replacement of starch by sucrose on dietary cholesterol
      induced serum lipoprotein responses was examined in 10 male cynomolgus monkeys
      (Macaca fascicularis). In a crossover design two semipurified diets provided
      either starch or starch and sucrose (1:1) as carbohydrate (49% by calories) with
      0.4 mg cholesterol/kcal. Six weeks of starch + sucrose diet resulted in
      significantly reduced levels (mean +/- SE, mg/dl) of serum total cholesterol (264
      +/- 9 vs 244 +/- 8) and apo B (110 +/- 6 vs 96 +/- 6) when compared with starch
      diet, whereas serum triglyceride levels remained similar between diets. With
      respect to changes in lipids and apolipoproteins (A-I or B) of very low (VLDL),
      low (LDL), intermediate (IDL), and high (HDL) density lipoproteins, starch +
      sucrose diet significantly increased VLDL-apo B (+34%), and decreased LDL
      cholesterol (-18%) and LDL-apo B (-15%) as compared with starch alone; no
      differences were found in IDL and HDL between diets. The relative proportion of
      starch to sucrose in a diet appears to influence the magnitude of response of
      lipoproteins to dietary cholesterol.

PMID- 3355714
TI  - Erythrocyte and plasma glutathione levels in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency.
AB  - Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were investigated in the erythrocytes and plasma
      of nondialyzed patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency and also of
      patients on regular hemodialysis treatment. GSH levels were from 19 to 70% higher
      in the erythrocytes of examined patients as compared to their corresponding age
      matched controls. A correlation was found between the degree of renal
      insufficiency and the erythrocyte GSH level. No variations in plasma GSH levels
      which could be related to the degree of renal deterioration were observed. A
      routine hemodialysis did not significantly affect erythrocyte and plasma GSH
      levels. No significant differences in GSH levels between anemic and nonanemic
      uremic patients were observed.

PMID- 3355715
TI  - Glycated albumin and glycated hemoglobin levels in normal pregnancy.
AB  - Glycated albumin levels showed a progressive increase during normal pregnancy.
      The mean values (mole hexose/mole protein) were 1.68 +/- 0.27 (n = 15) in
      nonpregnant women, 1.83 +/- 0.21 (n = 11) in first trimester, 2.00 +/- 0.41 (n =
      13) in second trimester, and 2.42 +/- 0.49 (n = 15) in third trimester. Glycated
      hemoglobin levels indicated a biphase pattern with low values at midpregnancy
      (controls 0.29 +/- 0.05, first trimester 0.30 +/- 0.04, second trimester 0.27 +/-
      0.05, and third trimester 0.33 +/- 0.04). The data suggest that glycated albumin
      reflects the decreased glucose tolerance in pregnancy better that glycated
      hemoglobin levels. The reasons for the differing pattern of the two glycated
      proteins are discussed.

PMID- 3355716
TI  - Pyruvate kinase-deficiency anemia: membrane approach.
AB  - Low ionic strength extraction (37 degrees C, 30 min) of ghosts from PK-deficient
      erythrocytes provided crude spectrin extract. No significant differences in the
      extract composition compared to normal donors were observed. The reticulocyte
      dependent spectrin extractability was found among the subjects with PK-deficiency
      anemia. Likewise ATP-depletion affects spectrin extractability and also leads to
      the adsorption of cytoplasmic protein MW 50,000 to the reticulocyte membrane. The
      measurement of membrane fluidity using the fluorescence probe DPH did not reveal
      significant alterations in the moiety of integral membrane constituents.

PMID- 3355717
TI  - Carbamylation of hemoglobin in vivo with chronic sublethal dietary cyanide:
      implications for hemoglobin S.
AB  - Carbamylation of the hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia has been demonstrated to
      improve the status of this hemoglobinopathy. Using an animal model of West
      African human patterns of chronic sublethal dietary cyanide ingestion, 12
      miniature swine consuming either 0, 0.4, 0.7, or 1.2 mg of cyanide/kg body
      weight/day were studied for 24 weeks to determine if this dietary regime could
      produce irreversible carbamylated hemoglobin. Throughout the study, the
      hematological status of all animals remained similar; however, the levels of
      carbamylated hemoglobin as measured by nanomoles of valine hydantoin varied
      proportionally to dietary sublethal cyanide intakes, indicating that these
      natural dietary levels could effect an important and presumably permanent
      modification of the hemoglobin's beta chain. Serum thiocyanate levels were also
      positively correlated with cyanide ingestion loads (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01).
      The implications of these findings in swine are important for the millions of
      humans with hemoglobin S who regularly consume similar levels of dietary cyanide
      and for our assessments of the biochemical and medical status of hemoglobin S
      under natural conditions.

PMID- 3355718
TI  - Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation: structure-activity
      relationship.
AB  - The in vitro effects of several flavonoids on nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation in
      the rat brain mitochondria was studied. The lipid peroxidation was indexed by
      measuring the MDA production using the 2-thiobarbituric acid TBA test. The
      flavonoids, apigenin, flavone, flavanone, hesperidin, naringin, and tangeretin
      promoted the ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, the extent of which
      depended upon the concentration of the flavonoid and ascorbic acid. The other
      flavonoids studied, viz., quercetin, quercetrin, rutin, taxifolin, myricetin,
      myricetrin, phloretin, phloridzin, diosmetin, diosmin, apiin, hesperetin,
      naringenin, (+)-catechin, morin, fisetin, chrysin, and 3-hydroxyflavone, all
      showed varying extents of inhibition of the nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation,
      induced by either ascorbic acid or ferrous sulfate. The flavonoid aglycones were
      more potent in their antiperoxidative action than their corresponding glycosides.
      Structure-activity analysis revealed that the flavonoid molecule with
      polyhydroxylated substitutions on rings A and B, a 2,3-double bond, a free 3
      hydroxyl substitution and a 4-keto moiety, would confer upon the compound potent
      antiperoxidative properties.

PMID- 3355719
TI  - Kinetics of propylene glycol elimination and metabolism in rat.
AB  - The kinetics of 1,2-propanediol (PD) metabolism in vivo have been determined by
      employing the Michaelis-Menten rate equation; it was found that maximum
      metabolizing capacity was 8.33 mmole PD/kg/hr in the rat, which is equivalent to
      1.06 kg/day for an average 70-kg human. The rate equation could be suitably used
      for optimizing the dosage schedule of a drug from the linear elimination pattern;
      in the present case this gave a Km value of 17.86 mmole/kg on the basis of the
      elimination rate of PD. The competitive inhibition of PD elimination by
      preadministration of pyrazole (Ki = 44 mumole/kg) demonstrated that the first
      step of the biotransformation of PD catalyzed by the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase
      might be the rate-limiting step for its in vivo metabolism. The low threshold
      level of the compound and significant rate of metabolism suggested that the CNS
      toxicity reported in clinical studies might be due to some of its metabolites
      such as lactaldehyde and other oxo compounds. Thus, PD could not be considered as
      an inert and innocuous substance.

PMID- 3355720
TI  - Blood phenylalanine estimation for the patient with phenylketonuria using a
      portable device.
AB  - A simple and reliable method is described which is suitable for estimation of a
      whole blood phenylalanine concentration for the patient with PKU in various
      settings including the physician's office and the home. Excellent correlations
      were obtained between this method and weighed phenylalanine standards, as well as
      with measurement of phenylalanine in serum, plasma, and whole blood, using the
      McCaman-Robins fluorometric assay. Increasing the frequency and rapidity of
      feedback to the patient should improve metabolic control, just as home glucose
      monitoring has for the patient with diabetes mellitus. This method is immediately
      adaptable to monitoring patients with tyrosinemia, and with substitution of the
      appropriate amino acid ammonia lyase could be used for other amino acidemias.

PMID- 3355721
TI  - Feasibility and variability of six methods for the echocardiographic and Doppler
      determination of cardiac output.
AB  - The feasibility and the intrinsic variability of six different methods of
      echocardiographic and Doppler flow determination of cardiac output were analysed
      in 34 healthy volunteers. Four were excluded because of poor quality
      echocardiograms. The mean (range) age of the remaining 30 (12 women, 18 men) was
      21 years (13-36 years). Cardiac output was calculated by six methods as a product
      of echocardiographically determined cross sectional area of the aorta (apical and
      suprasternal views), pulmonary trunk, tricuspid annulus, and mitral annulus
      (circular and corrected for diastolic variations), and the flow velocity integral
      measured by Doppler. Cardiac output ranged from 2.79 to 6.56 1/min (4.45 (1.29)
      1/min) (mean (SD)). The feasibility of the methods ranged from 87% (26 patients)
      for the aorta from the suprasternal notch to 100% (30 patients) for the mitral
      orifice corrected for diastolic variations and for the tricuspid valve. The
      corresponding results for all 34 individuals were 76% and 88% respectively. Three
      way analysis of variance was performed in the 23 healthy volunteers in whom all
      six methods were feasible. Interobserver and intraobserver interpretative
      variabilities were 6.8% and 5.9% respectively. The intrinsic variability of each
      single measurement of cardiac output, independently of the observer and the
      method used, was 25%. Provided the image was suitable for analysis
      echocardiographic and Doppler flow determination of cardiac output was feasible
      in most healthy volunteers. But there was significant intrinsic variability for
      each of different methods. A single value of cardiac output in an individual
      should be interpreted with caution.

PMID- 3355722
TI  - Regional left ventricular wall motion in pacing induced angina.
AB  - Left ventricular cineangiograms (30 degrees right anterior oblique projection)
      and high fidelity left ventricular pressure were recorded at rest in 10
      individuals with normal hearts and at rest and during an episode of angina
      provoked by rapid atrial pacing in 14 patients with obstructive coronary artery
      disease. Angiograms were digitised frame by frame. The ventricular perimeter was
      divided into 40 segments and regional ventricular function was examined by means
      of isometric and contour plots and by the construction of segmental pressure-wall
      displacement loops. In 10 patients 12 abnormal resting regions were identified.
      The commonest (11 regions) was delayed onset of inward endocardial motion during
      systole which was manifest by diagonal contour lines on the contour plot. Six
      regions (five with associated delay in onset of inward motion) showed resting
      hypokinesis. Angina was associated with the development of 19 new regions of
      abnormal wall motion in 12 patients. Fourteen of these regions of abnormality
      were thought to be primary events occurring as a consequence of ischaemia and
      five to be secondary events occurring in normally perfused regions of myocardium.
      Hypokinesis occurred in 12 regions, developing in a region with normal amplitude
      at rest in seven and as an extension of resting hypokinesis in five. In 10 out of
      12 cases the region of hypokinesis developed in a region showing diagonal contour
      lines at rest. Asynchrony with delay in the timing of peak inward displacement
      relative to minimum volume occurred with angina in eight regions (in six cases
      concomitant with hypokinesis and in two cases in isolation). In contrast with
      hypokinesis the pattern of wall motion at rest did not permit regions developing
      asynchrony with angina to be identified. Pressure-displacement loops show that
      regional hypokinesis is associated with reduced segmental work and that regional
      asynchrony (delayed or premature timing of peak inward endocardial displacement)
      is associated with a loss of efficiency of energy transfer between the myocardium
      and the circulation. These observations illustrate the complex nature of wall
      motion abnormalities occurring with angina.

PMID- 3355723
TI  - Dyspnoea of cardiac origin in 67 year old men: (1). Relation to systolic left
      ventricular function and wall stress. The study of men born in 1913.
AB  - The relation between dyspnoea of presumed cardiac origin and disturbed left
      ventricular systolic function was studied in a group of 67 year old men from the
      general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. Forty two men with cardiac dyspnoea
      were identified and 45 controls were randomly selected from a screened cohort of
      644 men. Dyspnoea was graded according to the World Health Organisation standard,
      and M mode echocardiography, carotid pulse tracing, an apex cardiogram, and
      phonocardiography were used to evaluate the grade of dyspnoea and its relation to
      systolic time intervals, left ventricular ejection indices, and wall stress. The
      dyspnoea grade was significantly related to the left ventricular end systolic
      dimension, to septal and posterior wall fractional thickening, and to ejection
      indices such as fractional shortening. The dyspnoea grade was also significantly
      correlated with the ratio of end systolic wall stress to end systolic volume
      index. There was a close relation between end systolic wall stress and mean
      velocity of circumferential fibre shortening adjusted for heart rate. This
      relation did not clearly show reduced inotropy in the dyspnoeic men. There was no
      relation between the degree of dyspnoea and the systolic time intervals. Among
      the systolic variables obtained by echocardiography the only abnormal finding in
      mild to moderate dyspnoea was an increased end systolic dimension. The grade of
      cardiac dyspnoea seemed to be related to the degree of systolic left ventricular
      dysfunction, which was considerably impaired in severe dyspnoea. In population
      studies left ventricular end systolic dimension and fractional shortening may
      provide sufficient information on systolic function without the need to assess
      variables that are independent of load.

PMID- 3355725
TI  - Atrioventricular septal defect in prenatal life.
AB  - In a series of more than 3500 pregnancies referred for fetal echocardiography, 29
      cases of atrioventricular septal defect were detected in the fetus. There was a
      chromosomal anomaly in 14 of these cases, left atrial isomerism in 12, and right
      atrial isomerism in two. Complete heart block was found in 11 of the cases with
      left atrial isomerism. Many associated cardiac abnormalities were found,
      particularly in the fetuses with atrial isomerism; the most common were double
      outlet right ventricle or aortic arch anomalies. The prognosis was poor in all
      patients with atrioventricular septal defect detected prenatally. Fifteen
      pregnancies went to term but there are only four survivors. Two of those have
      trisomy 21, a further patient has inoperable defects, and only one remains well
      and is awaiting corrective surgery for a partial atrioventricular septal defect.

PMID- 3355724
TI  - The cross sectional anatomy of ventricular septal defects: a reappraisal.
AB  - The cross sectional echocardiographic description of holes in the ventricular
      septum has been unsatisfactory, chiefly because there are so many classifications
      of this defect. The accurate description of the anatomy of individual defects,
      from cross sectional images, is more important than attempts to fit them into a
      preconceived classification. One hundred specimens of hearts with a ventricular
      septal defect were reviewed to identify those features that are of value in the
      interpretation of cross sectional images. Three groups of defect were identified:
      those which abutted the central fibrous body, those with a margin partly formed
      by an area of fibrous continuity between the leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary
      valves, and those with entirely muscular margins. Each group had features that
      were readily discernible in cross section. Other features of the defects seen in
      the cross sectional images identified defects that opened between the two
      ventricular inlets, defects that opened between the two subarterial outlets, and
      those that extended solely into the trabecular septum. The criteria for
      describing the anatomy of defects were established in hearts with normal
      connections, but they were found to be equally applicable in hearts with
      discordant atrioventricular connection, discordant ventriculoarterial connection,
      common arterial trunk, and double outlet from the morphologically right
      ventricle. Cross sectional imaging, by echocardiography and potentially by other
      techniques, provided a uniquely detailed and precise description of the
      morphology of ventricular septal defects.

PMID- 3355726
TI  - Coarctation of the aorta in prenatal life: an echocardiographic, anatomical, and
      functional study.
AB  - In a prospective echocardiographic study of over 2000 pregnancies, 24 fetuses
      were found to have dilatation of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery when
      these structures were compared with those of the left heart. In 18 of these cases
      the diagnosis of coarctation or interruption of the aorta was correctly inferred
      from these findings. On direct echocardiographic examination of the aortic arch,
      arch hypoplasia or interruption of the aortic arch was recognisable prenatally in
      10 of these 18 cases, most readily between 20-30 weeks' gestation. In 11 of 12
      cases of aortic arch anomaly studied by Doppler echocardiography, a reduction in
      blood flow in the ascending aorta was demonstrated. The intracardiac appearances
      were suggestive of coarctation but the Doppler findings were within normal limits
      in two further cases which later proved to be normal. A diaphragmatic hernia was
      found in four fetuses and the intracardiac echocardiography and Doppler findings
      were the same as those found in fetuses with aortic coarctation. Five cases of
      coarctation were overlooked on the prenatal echocardiogram but these were found
      at follow up of the infants. Thus coarctation of the aorta can be diagnosed
      prenatally, although the condition may be missed or incorrectly predicted by the
      criteria examined in the present study. Reduced aortic blood flow is a
      demonstrable feature of aortic arch abnormalities but it is found in other
      conditions that are not associated with coarctation.

PMID- 3355727
TI  - Internal mammary artery conduit: an additional surgical procedure in difficult
      coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - Between October 1986 and February 1987 two young men with coarctation of the
      aorta and a hypoplastic isthmus were treated by a combined resection and
      isthmusplasty with implantation of the left internal mammary artery to the distal
      aorta. An appreciable drop in the systolic gradient was seen in both patients
      after the mammary artery anastomosis and haemodynamic variables across the repair
      continued to improve postoperatively. Digital transvenous subtraction angiography
      five months after operation showed a satisfactory mammary artery conduit across
      the repaired coarctation.

PMID- 3355728
TI  - Prolonged QT period in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: a possible role in sudden
      cardiac death?
AB  - Twenty four men with insulin dependent diabetes and different degrees of
      autonomic neuropathy were studied to establish the response of the QT interval to
      various heart rates. Nine men with autonomic neuropathy had a longer QT interval
      than 13 healthy individuals and 15 patients who had diabetes without, or with
      only mild, autonomic neuropathy. Those with autonomic neuropathy also had a
      proportionally greater lengthening of the QT interval for a given increase in RR
      interval. The results of this study suggest a basis for the finding that sudden
      death is more common in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 3355729
TI  - Complete heart block after balloon dilatation for congenital pulmonary stenosis.
AB  - Permanent complete heart block developed in a five year old child during balloon
      dilatation for pulmonary valve stenosis. Damage to the atrioventricular node by
      pressure from the inflated balloon may have caused the conduction defect.

PMID- 3355730
TI  - Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and coronary artery fistula: a
      late presentation.
AB  - A 41 year old man presented with cyanosis and progressive shortness of breath.
      Cardiac angiography showed absent central pulmonary arteries, ventricular septal
      defect, and a fistula between the left coronary artery and pulmonary artery. Most
      of the blood reaching the lungs came through this fistula. An attempt at surgical
      palliation was unsuccessful.

PMID- 3355731
TI  - Anaesthesia in the undergraduate medical curriculum.

PMID- 3355732
TI  - Patient-controlled analgesia with extradural morphine or pethidine.
AB  - Two groups of patients were allowed to self-administer morphine (n = 17) or
      pethidine (n = 15) extradurally after abdominal surgery, for a mean period of 16
      h. Bolus increments of morphine 1 mg or pethidine 20 mg were administered by
      programmable pump. Pain relief from extradural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
      was excellent in all but two patients in the morphine group. Pain relief was not
      qualitatively different between the two groups. No clinical respiratory
      depression was seen. The average consumption of extradural morphine was 0.52 +/-
      0.29 mg h-1 (range 0.19-1.04 mg h-1) and of pethidine 18.0 +/- 8.1 mg h-1 (5.8
      35.4 mg h-1). This yields an equianalgesic dose relationship of 1:35. Morphine
      consumption was more irregular than pethidine consumption. Morphine and pethidine
      plasma concentrations measured during PCA were well below the reported minimum
      analgesic plasma concentrations in most cases. Several patients, particularly in
      the pethidine group, tended to increase their opioid consumption during PCA. This
      could be explained by an increasingly smaller fraction of the pethidine bolus
      being absorbed to the subarachnoid space during frequent repetitive dosing. The
      large inter-individual variation in consumption makes it impossible to recommend
      a standard dose of extradural morphine or pethidine for analgesia of predictable
      duration and with a minimum of adverse effects.

PMID- 3355733
TI  - Effect of surgical stimulation on the auditory evoked response.
AB  - Previous studies have shown a dose-related effect of a number of general
      anaesthetic agents on the early cortical waves in the auditory evoked response
      (AER). In this study the effect of surgical stimulation on these waves was
      examined in 11 patients anaesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide and
      halothane and paralysed with pancuronium. The inspired nitrous oxide
      concentration and end-tidal halothane concentration were held constant at 70% and
      0.3%, respectively, and baseline AER recordings were made. Following surgical
      stimulation there was a progressive and significant increase in the amplitude of
      waves Nb and Pb/Pc. Unambiguous autonomic responses were seen in three patients,
      but these were not significantly correlated with changes in the AER. We conclude
      from this, and previous studies, that the amplitude of cortical waves in the AER
      are sensitive not only to anaesthetic concentration but also to surgical
      stimulation. The AER may, therefore, provide a useful index of depth of
      anaesthesia, that is the balance between the effects of surgical stimulation and
      anaesthetic depression on central nervous system activity.

PMID- 3355734
TI  - Anaesthetic uptake and elimination: is there a difference between halothane and
      isoflurane in the dog?
AB  - In two groups of dogs, the uptake and elimination of halothane and isoflurane
      were studied using a closed-loop anaesthetic system which automatically
      controlled end-tidal halothane and isoflurane partial pressures at equi-MAC
      concentrations. Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were recorded and the
      anaesthetic partial pressures were measured in the inspired and expired air, as
      well as in the arterial, cerebrovenous and mixed venous blood. The controller
      delivered a higher inspired partial pressure of halothane than of isoflurane to
      compensate for the higher blood/gas partition coefficient. The partial pressures
      of halothane in the arterial, cerebrovenous and mixed venous blood increased at
      rates similar to those of isoflurane. During 160 min of uptake, the cerebral
      venous partial pressures remained significantly lower than the arterial partial
      pressures for both agents. On discontinuation of the anaesthetic, the partial
      pressures of halothane and isoflurane decreased at equal rates in arterial,
      cerebrovenous and mixed venous blood, and in end-tidal gas. It was concluded that
      the rate of uptake of isoflurane is more rapid than that of halothane from the
      alveolar space to the blood, but not from the blood to brain tissue. The rates of
      elimination from brain tissue and from blood were found to be similar for both
      agents.

PMID- 3355735
TI  - Failure of extradural blockade in obstetrics. A new hypothesis.
AB  - Three-thousand and eleven consecutive obstetric extradural blocks were evaluated
      retrospectively. The distance from the skin to the extradural space was
      correlated with the incidence of unilateral blockade. There was a significant
      correlation (P less than 0.001) between an increasing distance and increased
      incidence of unilateral block. We propose that this is because of the topography
      of the extradural space, and because of the deviation of the tip of the needle
      from the midline (when using a midline approach).

PMID- 3355736
TI  - Endocardial viability ratio and ischaemic dysfunction of the left ventricle
      during halothane anaesthesia.
AB  - In normal hearts, the critical value of the endocardial viability ratio (EVR) is
      thought to be less than 0.5. As myocardial regional dysfunction is a sensitive
      index of subendocardial ischaemia, the relationship between EVR and regional
      function has been studied in an experimental model of coronary artery
      constriction. In 13 dogs anaesthetized with halothane (0.5-2.0% inspired
      concentration), diastolic and systolic pressure time indices were obtained by
      planimetry, and their ratio (EVR) correlated with regional function. Halothane
      alone caused a significant reduction in EVR from 1.38 +/- 0.08 to 1.15 +/- 0.04
      (mean +/- SEM). In the presence of coronary artery constriction a similar
      decrease in EVR was observed and was accompanied by post-systolic shortening
      (PSS), an indicator of regional dysfunction. At high concentrations of halothane,
      there was an inverse correlation between reduction in EVR and increase in PSS.
      Mean EVR of approximately 0.9 (mean = 0.92 +/- 0.02) was associated with
      significant worsening of regional function.

PMID- 3355737
TI  - Measurement of arterial pressure using catheter-transducer systems. Improvement
      using the Accudynamic.
AB  - The dynamic performance of arterial manometers depends upon the values of the
      natural frequency fo and the damping factor beta. Satisfactory reproduction of
      all arterial waveforms requires that fo should be greater than about 13 Hz; for
      an fo of 13 Hz, beta should have a value of 0.5, but, as fo increases, an
      increasing range of beta values is permissible. We measured fo and beta for two
      pressure transducers (Gould P23 Statham and Gould Disposable) in combination with
      Portex or Gould catheter tubing of lengths varying from 100 cm to 300 cm. All
      combinations were considerably underdamped, with the best having an fo of 30 Hz
      and a beta of 0.1. We also investigated the performance of a commercial device,
      the Accudynamic, designed to allow beta to be increased without affecting fo. We
      found that the Accudynamic worked well, allowing acceptable performance to be
      obtained from the Gould Disposable transducer with catheters up to 200 cm in
      length.

PMID- 3355738
TI  - Postanaesthetic arousal time in elderly patients. A double-blind study of
      glycopyrrolate and atropine.
AB  - Postanaesthetic arousal time was studied in elderly patients given either
      glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg kg-1 or atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 before antagonism of
      neuromuscular blockade. Forty patients (age greater than or equal to 65 yr)
      undergoing elective hip replacement were included in a double-blind study.
      Arousal was scored for 2 h after recovery using a modified scoring system. No
      difference in arousal time was found between the two groups.

PMID- 3355739
TI  - Effects of increased cardiac output on pulmonary blood flow distribution during
      lobar ventilation hypoxia and collapse.
AB  - Electromagnetic flow probes were placed around the pulmonary artery and left
      lower lobe artery in anaesthetized open-chest dogs in order to measure possible
      changes in the ratio of lobar-to-total pulmonary blood flow (Ql/Qt) in response
      to changes in cardiac output produced by the opening of arterio-venous fistulae
      or fluid loading. Ventilation of the lobe with 7% oxygen or lobar collapse
      reduced Ql/Qt by 35% and 42%, respectively, but there were no significant changes
      in Ql/Qt in response to increases in Qt of 29-133%. It is concluded that the
      changes in Qt, pulmonary vascular pressures and mixed venous PO2 within the range
      studied did not influence Ql/Qt.

PMID- 3355740
TI  - Effect of methylene blue on the absorbance of solutions of haemoglobin.
AB  - The effect of the i.v. administration of methylene blue dye on haemoglobin oxygen
      saturation, measured by a pulse oximeter was investigated. The absorption spectra
      of various concentrations of haemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and methylene blue were
      compared. The amount of 660-nm light absorbed by methylene blue was sufficient to
      cause a factitious haemoglobin desaturation as measured by the pulse oximeter.

PMID- 3355741
TI  - Evaluation of atracurium neuromuscular blockade in paediatric patients with burn
      injury.
AB  - The neuromuscular effects of atracurium were studied in acutely burned children,
      and in children at least 3 years after burn injury (controls). Thirty-one
      children were studied a total of 48 times. During nitrous oxide-narcotic
      anaesthesia, a single dose of atracurium was administered in each study and the
      twitch suppression recorded. Dose-response curves were established using least
      squares regression techniques. The ED95 of atracurium in children recovered from
      burn injury was 0.27 mg kg-1, which is similar to that of normal children
      reported previously. During the first week of burn injury, the ED95 was 0.3 mg kg
      1 irrespective of burn size, and was not significantly different from controls.
      After the first week of injury, in children with 20-60% body surface burn, the
      ED95 was twice normal, while in those with greater than 60% body surface burn, it
      probably may be increased up to 3.0 mg kg-1.

PMID- 3355742
TI  - Ventilatory effects of oxygen in the dog under thiopentone anaesthesia.
AB  - The ventilatory effects of prolonged oxygen administration were examined in seven
      dogs during thiopentone anaesthesia. Ventilation, tidal volume (VT), ventilatory
      rate (f), minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE),
      period (Ttot), TI/Ttot and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were measured during the
      inhalation of room air, after 30 min of oxygen inhalation, and finally after a
      return to breathing room air. Arterial blood-gas tensions were measured before
      and after 5, 10, 20 and 30 min of oxygen administration and 15 min after return
      to breathing room air. Oxygen administration produced an immediate, significant
      and persistent decrease in ventilation, principally from a decrease in
      ventilatory rate and changes in ventilatory times. This was in contrast to what
      occurred in awake animals. Modifications in ventilatory mechanics or suppression
      of an hypoxic stimulus to ventilation were probably not involved. Anaesthesia may
      modify centrally mediated ventilatory responses to hyperoxia.

PMID- 3355743
TI  - Contralateral haemothorax: a late complication of subclavian vein cannulation.
AB  - Contralateral haemothorax developed as a late complication of subclavian vein
      cannulation following gradual erosion of the wall of the superior vena cava by
      the tip of the catheter. The use of a relatively rigid catheter and a left-sided
      approach may have contributed to this rare, but potentially fatal complication.

PMID- 3355744
TI  - Anaesthesia for transsphenoidal surgery in a patient with extreme gigantism.
AB  - The management of anaesthesia for transsphenoidal removal of a pituitary adenoma
      in a true pituitary giant with acromegaly is described. Problems which may be
      anticipated in such a patient and an approach to their management are discussed,
      with particular emphasis upon the need for thorough preoperative assessment of
      the upper airway and the provision of adequate pulmonary ventilation during
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 3355745
TI  - Anaesthesia for caesarean section.

PMID- 3355746
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of atracurium metabolites.

PMID- 3355747
TI  - Principles of drug action.

PMID- 3355748
TI  - ADN entrepreneur.

PMID- 3355749
TI  - Preparing for the NCLEX-RN exam.

PMID- 3355750
TI  - Articulation in Maryland.

PMID- 3355751
TI  - My own immortality.

PMID- 3355752
TI  - Vivien DeBack, PhD, RN. Project Director-National Commission on Nursing
      Implementation Project (NCNIP)

PMID- 3355753
TI  - Mary thought she wasn't a nurse.

PMID- 3355754
TI  - Competency based clinical evaluation.

PMID- 3355755
TI  - "Safe learning". Helping students learn to give team medications.

PMID- 3355756
TI  - Avoiding errors in intravenous heparin therapy.

PMID- 3355757
TI  - "Noncompliance". Is this diagnosis ethical? ... A reply.

PMID- 3355759
TI  - Poison information specialist.

PMID- 3355758
TI  - Why choose AD nursing?

PMID- 3355760
TI  - Nurses make a difference!

PMID- 3355761
TI  - A 72 kD trophoblast glycoprotein defined by a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A novel trophoblast cell surface antigen has been defined by a monoclonal
      antibody 5T4, raised following immunisation with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)
      purified glycoproteins from deoxycholate (DOC) solubilised human
      syncytiotrophoblast plasma membrane (StMPM). The distribution of the antigen was
      determined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of sections of normal organ and
      placental tissues as well as immunofluorescence and radiobinding assays with a
      wide variety of cell lines representing differing normal and tumour cell types.
      In frozen sections of normal full term placenta, 5T4 is strongly expressed only
      by the syncytiotrophoblast, some extravillous cytotrophoblast and the amniotic
      epithelium. The 5T4 antigen is apparently not expressed by any maternal component
      of the placenta nor is it detected in adult liver, lung, bronchus, heart, testis,
      ovary, brain, or muscle. The antigen is apparently expressed by several
      specialised epithelia. Immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled StMPM indicated that
      5T4 molecules are glycoproteins of mol. wt of approximately 72 kD on SDS-PAGE.
      5T4 antigen is selectively expressed by diverse tumour cell lines, including
      those of developmental origin. The molecular characteristics, relatively
      restricted normal tissue distribution and expression by certain tumour cell types
      make this antigen worthy of future study for use as a diagnostic marker of
      malignancy.

PMID- 3355762
TI  - Validation of the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 as a vascular space marker in
      tumours.
AB  - The DNA-binding fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 (H33342) has been used in a series
      of investigations of the vascular parameters of two murine tumours. This dye has
      been shown, to have a short half-life in the circulation (T1/2 less than 2 min),
      but is stably bound for at least 2 h after it enters cells. It can be used in
      morphometric studies on frozen sections to determine the effective vascular
      volume, the capillary fraction and the size distribution of blood vessels in each
      tumour. These latter two parameters cannot be deduced from the less labour
      intensive techniques using radioactive isotopes. The effective vascular volume
      perfused in 1 min by H33342 was compared with the volume perfused in 30 min with
      51Cr labelled erythrocytes. Similar volumes were estimated with the two
      techniques in a murine carcinoma and in a sarcoma. Both techniques showed that
      the vascular volume decreased in larger tumours. The H33342 analysis of vessel
      size showed the decrease in capillary vessels in the carcinomas was even greater,
      falling from 70% in small tumours to 20% in larger tumours. The deteriorating
      vascular network in larger tumours is associated with an increasing fraction of
      necrotic tissue. Experiments in which the isotopes and dye were co-injected
      suggest that at 40 mgkg-1 the dye may rapidly lead to a partial shutdown of the
      tumour vascular bed. This is less marked with 20 mg kg-1. In spite of this effect
      there is in general a close correlation between the volumes perfused by labelled
      red blood cells and the fluorescent dye.

PMID- 3355763
TI  - In vitro biochemical and in vivo biological studies of the uridine 'rescue' of 5
      fluorouracil.
AB  - The effect of delayed uridine administration on the in vitro growth inhibitory
      effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and on the in vivo antitumour activity and
      toxicity was studied. In vitro growth inhibition of the human intestinal cell
      lines WiDr and Intestine 407 by 3 microM 5FU could be reversed by 1.0 mM uridine;
      the effect was more pronounced with WiDr cells. At 0.1 mM uridine an intermediate
      effect was observed. Inhibition of colony formation in both cell lines could also
      be reversed by delayed administration of uridine at 0.1 and 1 mM. Incorporation
      of 5FU into RNA of WiDr cells did not proceed after addition of uridine, in
      contrast to Intestine 407 cells. In these cells only a partial inhibition was
      observed. In vivo we studied the effect of uridine on two colon carcinoma tumour
      lines, the 5FU sensitive Colon 38 and the relatively resistant Colon 26. 5FU was
      administered i.p. in a weekly schedule. With Colon 26 delayed administration of
      uridine (3500 mg kg-1) at 2 and 20 h after 5FU enabled us to increase the 5FU
      dose from 100 to 250 300mg kg-1. The combination of high-dose 5FU and uridine
      resulted both in a superior antitumour effect and an increase in life span. In
      the 5FU sensitive Colon 38 we determined whether the sensitivity to 5FU was
      affected by uridine. Mice were treated at the non-lethal dose of 100 mg kg-1
      which inhibited tumour growth almost completely. Delayed administration of
      uridine did not significantly affect the antitumour effect. In non-tumour bearing
      mice we studied the time course of the reversal of the haematological toxicity of
      5FU. The effective dose of 100 mg kg-1 induced a significant decrease in
      leukocytes; in combination with delayed uridine the leukopenia was less severe
      and recovered more rapidly. 5FU also induced a decrease in haematocrit, which
      could be prevented by delayed administration of uridine. In conclusion, in cell
      culture the reversal of 5FU cytotoxicity could be achieved at a low concentration
      of 0.1 mM uridine, the extent of the reversal might be related to the 5FU
      incorporation into RNA. In vivo the relatively resistant tumour Colon 26 could be
      treated with a higher dose of 5FU in the presence of uridine. The sensitivity to
      5FU of the sensitive Colon 38 was not affected by delayed administration of
      uridine, while the haematological toxicity of 5FU was less. So, delayed
      administration of uridine after 5FU resulted in an improved therapeutic effect in
      both a relatively resistant and sensitive tumour.

PMID- 3355764
TI  - Priming with low doses of methyl-CCNU reduce the toxicity of high doses of methyl
      CCNU and melphalan, and increase the lifespan of mice implanted with Lewis lung
      carcinoma.
AB  - Pretreatment of mice with low doses of methyl-CCNU was shown to reduce the
      toxicity of lethal doses of methyl-CCNU or melphalan administered one or two days
      following the low dose. There was an increase in survival rate, body weight,
      thymus and kidney wet weight. Tissue morphology was less affected in the primed
      mice as compared to mice receiving the high dose or a high-low dose combination.
      In mice implanted s.c. with Lewis lung carcinoma, priming with 5 mg kg-1 methyl
      CCNU 2 days before injection of a very high (35 mg kg-1) dose significantly
      increased the lifespan as compared to treatment with the high dose alone or with
      high-low dose combination. When the dose of methyl-CCNU was further increased to
      40 mg kg-1 toxic death occurred, which was, however, significantly reduced by
      'priming' with the low dose given. When low-high dose combination was used twice
      (the high dose was given on day 7 or 9, and 18 or 20 after tumour inoculation),
      priming with 5 mg kg-1 (but not with 10 mg kg-1) two days prior to the high dose
      was beneficial in reducing toxic death (in two experiments) and either increasing
      lifespan or not significantly increasing it. In no case was there protection of
      the tumour by the low-high dose combinations.

PMID- 3355766
TI  - Comparison of monoclonal antibody Ki-67 reactivity with grade and DNA flow
      cytometry of breast carcinomas.
AB  - The reactivity of 95 breast carcinomas with the antibody Ki-67, which recognises
      a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells, has been assessed and compared to their
      histological grade and, for 47 tumours, DNA index and S-phase content. The
      effects of freezing and section handling on the stability of the nuclear antigen
      have been assessed. Evidence of nuclear staining was seen in 56% of carcinomas,
      with a range of positive cells from less than 1% to 60%. Cytoplasmic rather than
      nuclear staining was observed in 26% and 18% of carcinomas were negative. A
      significant correlation was observed between the presence of nuclear staining and
      poorer histological grade and higher S-phase content, and between the percentage
      of positive nuclei and S-phase content, but not grade. Three groups of carcinomas
      were identified: those in which Ki-67 reactivity, grade and S-phase content were
      similar; ones in which there was prominent nuclear reactivity with Ki-67 but low
      grade and S-phase content; and a group showing the converse. These patients will
      be followed to assess which of these three markers of proliferation is of
      greatest prognostic value.

PMID- 3355765
TI  - Response to flavone acetic acid (NSC 347512) of primary and metastatic human
      colorectal carcinoma xenografts.
AB  - The antitumour activity of flavone acetic acid (FAA) was evaluated against two
      human colorectal carcinoma (HCC) lines, HCC-P2988 and HCC-M1410, transplanted
      into nude mice. On repeated i.v. injection of 200 mg kg-1 every 4 days FAA was
      moderately active against the s.c. growing HCC-P2988. HCC-M1410 transplanted s.c.
      was almost unresponsive in the same experimental conditions. In contrast, FAA
      (200 mg kg-1 i.v. every 4 days, repeated three times) significantly reduced liver
      tumour colonies produced by the HCC-M1410 cells injected intrasplenically into
      nude mice. These findings suggest that FAA has potential activity against human
      colorectal carcinoma, particularly against liver metastases.

PMID- 3355767
TI  - Bladder cancer cell line cross-contamination: identification using a locus
      specific minisatellite probe.

PMID- 3355768
TI  - Antibodies specific for HeLa glycoprotein antigens are also specific for human
      endocervical epithelium.

PMID- 3355769
TI  - Thermochemotherapy-induced resistance to cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 3355771
TI  - Oral urea in the treatment of secondary tumours in the liver.
AB  - Twenty patients with secondary liver tumours, predominantly from colorectal
      carcinoma, were treated with oral urea at a daily dose of 8 gm-2. Treatment was
      well tolerated without side-effects. No objective responses were seen. It is
      concluded that oral urea is ineffective in the treatment of liver metastases from
      colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3355770
TI  - Evaluation of MSA as a serum marker in breast cancer: a comparison with CEA.
AB  - In a blind study, 518 serum samples were assayed for serum levels of mammary
      serum antigen (MSA) by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using the 3E1.2 monoclonal
      antibody. Using 300 IU as the arbitrary cut off to distinguish normal from
      abnormal individuals, 75% of patients with primary Stage I carcinoma of the
      breast (n = 12), 89% of those with Stage II (n = 9) and 93% of those with Stage
      IV (n = 57) had elevated levels of MSA. A relationship was observed between the
      level of MSA and stage of disease, and therefore with the extent of tumour
      burden. Levels of MSA were also determined in a series of 19 patients undergoing
      chemotherapy for breast cancer. Over a 2-24 month period, the change of MSA
      levels corresponded with the clinical course of the disease in 17 (89%) cases.
      MSA levels were also raised in some patients with ovarian, colon, lung and kidney
      cancer, but the average level was lower than in patients with breast cancer. A
      comparison of CEA and MSA levels in these patients revealed that MSA was a
      substantially better marker for breast cancer than CEA. The results of this study
      demonstrate that MSA levels are elevated in patients with breast cancer and may
      provide a useful means of following the clinical course of patients with this
      disease.

PMID- 3355772
TI  - The value of high dose tamoxifen in postmenopausal breast cancer patients
      progressing on standard doses: a pilot study.

PMID- 3355773
TI  - Long-term survival experience of female patients with genital cancer.
AB  - Survival analyses of patients with cancer of the cervix uteri, corpus uteri or
      ovary registered at Cambridge in 1960-1979 show that, although the long-term
      survivors had mortality rates similar to those of a normal age-matched population
      and might therefore be considered 'statistically cured', their risk of dying from
      their original cancer was still much higher than normal. Death rates from other
      cancers were slightly increased in cervix patients but not in corpus and ovary.
      At all three sites there was no evidence that deaths from non-malignant causes
      were increased. Only in cancer of the ovary was survival significantly better for
      patients registered in 1970-1979 than for patients registered in 1960-1969.

PMID- 3355776
TI  - The laminate capillary and its wall of multiple basement membranes.
AB  - Cutaneous telangiectatic vessels from two cases of unilateral dermatomal
      superficial telangiectasia were shown under electron microscopy to be venular
      capillaries with thick walls composed of multiple basement membranes. We suggest
      that this special capillary structure, seen in a variety of telangiectatic and
      disease states, should be called the 'laminate capillary'.

PMID- 3355775
TI  - Increased risk of gastric cancer in males affects the intestinal type of cancer
      and is independent of age, location of the tumour and atrophic gastritis.
AB  - Male sex, high age and atrophic gastritis (AG) are risk conditions for gastric
      carcinoma (GCA). We have studied the magnitude of the sex-bound risk of GCA and
      whether this risk is an independent risk factor for GCA or whether it is related
      to the risks that are mediated by age and AG. The observed frequencies of males
      and females in different age groups, and in presence or absence of AG, among 532
      GCA patients (273 cases of intestinal (IGCA) and 259 cases of diffuse (DGCA)
      type) were compared with the expected frequencies which were calculated by
      applying the data of age-specific distributions of the sexes and AG in the
      general population. A significant 1.6-fold overrepresentation of males and 0.6
      fold underrepresentation of females were seen in IGCA but not in DGCA. The
      overrepresentation of the male sex and the underrepresentation of the female sex
      in IGCA were independent of age of the patient and location of the tumour in the
      stomach. These phenomena were also independent of AG: the overrepresentation of
      males and the underrepresentation of females were observed in IGCA patients with
      normal, non-atrophic mucosa as well as in IGCA patients with AG. We conclude that
      the sex is an independent risk factor for IGCA, and that the phenomena which lead
      to overrepresentation of males and underrepresentation of females among IGCA
      patients (and among GCA patients in general) are unrelated to age, AG and
      location of the tumour in the stomach.

PMID- 3355777
TI  - Effect of a platelet release fraction on glycosaminoglycan synthesis by cultured
      dermal fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Confluent cultures of dermal fibroblasts from patients with progressive systemic
      sclerosis (PSS) and healthy controls were investigated for the synthesis of
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in response to a platelet release fraction (PRF)
      obtained by treatment of pooled platelets from normal individuals with adenosine
      5'-diphosphate (ADP). PRF, at concentrations of 1 to 50 micrograms protein/ml,
      produced a linear increase in GAG synthesis that was always greater in cultures
      of PSS fibroblasts than in cultures of normal fibroblasts (P less than 0.001). A
      partial inhibition of GAG synthesis was observed with 100 micrograms/ml of PRF.
      The increased GAG synthesis in cultures incubated with PRF was not due to ADP.
      These findings demonstrate a difference in response to PRF between PSS and normal
      fibroblasts and may reflect an increased responsiveness of PSS fibroblasts to
      platelet factors.

PMID- 3355774
TI  - Vasectomy, cigarette smoking, and age at first sexual intercourse as risk factors
      for prostate cancer in middle-aged men.
AB  - A population-based case-control study was conducted in men aged 60 or less to
      assess the risk of prostate cancer associated with vasectomy and other factors.
      Data were obtained from 216 case-control pairs by telephone interviews; this
      number represented 55% of all eligible cases. The matched pairs relative risk
      (RR) for vasectomy in ever married men was 1.4 with a 95% confidence interval
      (CI) of 0.9-2.3. There was a positive association between the number of years
      since vasectomy and prostate cancer risk (1-sided P = 0.01). Early age at first
      sexual intercourse was associated with increased prostate cancer risk (age less
      than 17 vs. 21+, RR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3, 4.0) but there were no consistent
      associations with number of sexual partners or frequency of sexual intercourse.
      Cigarette smoking was also associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (RR
      = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.0) and there was a positive dose-response relationship
      with years of smoking (1-sided P = 0.001). We discuss the possible implication of
      the low response rate on each of these findings. To determine whether the
      association with vasectomy might have a hormonal basis, we compared levels of
      testosterone (T) and testosterone binding globulin-binding capacity (TeBG-bc) in
      33 of the vasectomized control men with levels in 33 non-vasectomized controls of
      the same age, weight and height. T levels were higher in vasectomized than in non
      vasectomized controls (1-sided P = 0.06). The ratio of T to TeBG-bc (an index of
      bioavailable T) was 13.5% higher in vasectomized men (1-sided P = 0.03).

PMID- 3355778
TI  - A new elastic system component, 'elastic sheet' in the human dermis. An electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - We have studied a new component of the elastic fibre system in the human dermis,
      which we call 'elastic sheet', using scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy. The structure is long, broad and flat with some holes, and may be the
      base of the elastic fibre system from which elastic fibres originate.

PMID- 3355779
TI  - The prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis.
AB  - The prevalence of IgG class thyroglobulin and microsomal antibodies, estimated
      using a sensitive ELISA, was 48% in 115 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis,
      which was significantly greater than the prevalence of 16% in 107 unselected
      controls without dermatitis herpetiformis. IgA class thyroid antibodies were
      found in 29% of dermatitis herpetiformis patients. Overt thyroid disease had been
      diagnosed in six (5%) of the dermatitis herpetiformis group and a further six
      patients had elevated TSH levels. The presence of thyroid antibodies was not
      associated with particular HLA-DR antigens. These results demonstrate the
      frequent occurrence of thyroid antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis, although
      thyroid failure is less commonly associated with this condition. Immune response
      genes outside the HLA-DR region may be involved in the immune hyper
      responsiveness seen in dermatitis herpetiformis which is reflected in the high
      prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity.

PMID- 3355780
TI  - Comparison of different methods for enumeration of Langerhans cells in vertical
      cryosections of human skin.
AB  - We have quantified Langerhans cells (LC) in cryosections of normal human skin and
      lesional skin from patients with atopic eczema and psoriasis vulgaris using six
      different methods. The results from the different methods varied considerably and
      were sometimes contradictory, for example when LC numbers in psoriatic skin were
      compared with those in normal skin. Thus, in addition to the staining technique
      used and the selection of the dendritic cell type to be counted, the enumeration
      method used can also influence the quantitation of LC in normal and pathological
      skin.

PMID- 3355781
TI  - Tissue measurements in senile sebaceous gland hyperplasia.
AB  - Senile sebaceous gland hyperplasia has been studied in 18 subjects in an attempt
      to shed some light on its pathogenesis. The sizes of different segments of the
      pilosebaceous unit were compared in senile sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) and
      in control skin samples, using stereological techniques. The whole follicle was
      found to be significantly increased in volume compared with follicular structures
      in the control specimens. The size of differentiated sebaceous gland cells was
      found to be reduced compared with controls (490 +/- 72 microns 2 and 554 +/- 98
      microns 2, respectively), but not significantly so. The mean tritiated thymidine
      autoradiographic labelling index determined in vitro was found to be decreased
      (5.42 +/- 1.79) compared with controls (7.48 +/- 2.44), but again, not
      significantly so. In addition the degree of solar elastotic degenerative change
      was found to be similar in SGH bearing skin compared with control samples. It is
      of interest that SGH and prostatic hypertrophy are exceptions to the usual
      atrophy of ageing and that both tissues are androgen dependent.

PMID- 3355782
TI  - Recovery of cutaneous immune responsiveness after PUVA therapy.
AB  - We studied sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in psoriatic patients
      before, during and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after a course of photochemotherapy (PUVA).
      The inhibition of sensitivity observed during PUVA was completely reversed after
      6 weeks. Thus the PUVA-mediated inhibition of cutaneous immune responsiveness is
      of short duration. However, whether there are long-term sequelae remains to be
      established.

PMID- 3355783
TI  - Topical 5-fluorouracil solution in the treatment of warts--clinical experience
      and percutaneous absorption.
AB  - Disseminated warts in six patients were pre-treated with topical 5-fluorouracil
      solution three times daily for 5 consecutive days. Curettage was then carried out
      under local anaesthesia. During pre-treatment less than 0.1% of the dose applied
      was absorbed through the skin. The warts had not reappeared in 5 of the 6
      patients at follow-up 1 year later.

PMID- 3355784
TI  - Pustular ulcerative dermatosis of the scalp.
AB  - Six young African patients are described with erosive pustular scalp lesions
      leading to extensive ulceration. No bacterial or fungal cause was found. Biopsies
      showed non-specific changes of atrophy with subacute or chronic inflammation.
      Four patients were malnourished and anaemic and three were infested with
      hookworm. The condition did not respond to antibiotics. Healing was obtained in
      one patient with systemic steroids. The relationship of this disorder to erosive
      pustular dermatosis of the scalp and to pyoderma gangrenosum of atypical
      distribution is discussed.

PMID- 3355785
TI  - Two unusual cases of orf following trauma to the scalp.

PMID- 3355786
TI  - Treatment of atopic eczema with evening primrose oil.

PMID- 3355787
TI  - Control of plantar blisters in pachyonychia congenita with topical aluminium
      chloride.

PMID- 3355788
TI  - Mepacrine and pregnancy.

PMID- 3355789
TI  - Neutrophil function in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Frequent and recurrent episodes of peritonitis are a major cause of morbidity in
      patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). One factor
      contributing to this problem may be an abnormality of neutrophil function in
      these patients. We have therefore quantified phagocytosis and killing by
      circulating and peritoneal neutrophils from patients on CAPD with and without
      peritonitis. Circulating neutrophils from uninfected patients showed reduced
      phagocytosis of both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida guilliermondii
      because of an opsonic defect in CAPD serum and because of a defect of the
      neutrophils themselves. In contrast, phagocytosis by circulating and peritoneal
      neutrophils from patients with peritonitis was normal. Intracellular killing of
      C. guilliermondii was normal in all groups of neutrophils but killing of S.
      epidermidis, the organism most commonly isolated in CAPD peritonitis, was
      reduced. The possible mechanisms for the enhanced neutrophil activity seen in
      peritonitis, and for the decreased killing of S. epidermidis in contrast to
      normal killing of C. guilliermondii are discussed. A defect in killing of S.
      epidermidis may explain why peritonitis caused by this organism can be difficult
      to erradicate.

PMID- 3355790
TI  - Long-term stability of international reference preparations for thromboplastins.
AB  - Three certified reference materials for thromboplastins are available from the
      Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) of the European Commission for calibration of
      commercial thromboplastins used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy. The
      long-term stability of these reference materials has been monitored by two
      independent laboratories, using deep-frozen and lyophilized plasma samples.
      Prothrombin times and prothrombin time ratios measured on 19 occasions in the
      period 1981-86 have been analysed for trend with time. Although significant
      trends of prothrombin time and ratio (P less than 0.05) were observed, a
      consistent pattern of trends could not be recognized. The significant trends of
      prothrombin time and prothrombin time ratio are most probably due to changes in
      local laboratory conditions. There is no indication that the reference materials
      have deteriorated since the beginning of the study. It is recommended that long
      term stability monitoring of thromboplastins be performed by at least two
      laboratories simultaneously.

PMID- 3355791
TI  - Association of inherited dysfibrinogenaemia and protein C deficiency in two
      unrelated families.
AB  - An inherited association of dysfibrinogenaemia and protein C deficiency was found
      in three members of the same family. The propositus was a 48-year-old man who
      suffered from severe and rapidly complicated atherosclerosis of the aorta and
      lower limbs arteries, which perhaps suggests that the association of these two
      molecular abnormalities may have enhanced the thrombotic process. The abnormal
      fibrinogen had a reduced ability to bind thrombin which may be thrombogenic. We
      found the same inherited association of dysfibrinogenaemia and protein C
      deficiency in a patient with venous thrombosis. The functional abnormality of the
      fibrinogen, which could have been responsible for thrombosis, was delayed
      proteolysis by plasmin. Not only fibrinogen, but also fibrin clots were resistant
      to plasmic degradation. These observations raise two questions: (1) Is the
      association of a protein C deficiency with a dysfibrinogenaemia fortuitous or the
      result of a common mechanism? (2) Is there a link between an increased thrombotic
      tendency and either both of the defects of haemostasis that we have found, or
      only one of them?

PMID- 3355792
TI  - Impairment of primary haemostasis by low molecular weight heparins in rats.
AB  - Different low molecular weight (LMW) heparins were tested on primary haemostasis
      in rats. Four preparations were studied; one was devoid of any effect on the
      bleeding time, while the other three prolonged the bleeding time to varying
      extents. As a consequence we studied the effect of these heparins on platelet
      aggregation. The fractions which prolonged the bleeding time, also inhibited the
      ex vivo and in vitro platelet aggregation, whereas the one devoid of any effect
      on the bleeding time did not affect platelet aggregation. Similar results were
      obtained using both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and gel-filtered platelets. The in
      vitro response of platelets to aggregating agents may offer a parameter to detect
      the presence of 'bleeding factor(s)' in some LMW heparin preparations.

PMID- 3355793
TI  - Transient platelet and HLA antibody formation in multitransfused patients with
      malignancy.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients receiving platelet transfusions for bone marrow failure
      secondary to malignancy were screened at regular intervals for the presence of
      antibodies to human leucocyte (HLA) and platelet specific antigens. HLA
      antibodies occurred in 19 patients, 10 of whom also developed platelet specific
      antibodies. The HLA antibodies disappeared in 10 of 15 patients followed for
      periods of 2-14 months. In two patients this occurred whilst still receiving
      platelet transfusions. Antibody reappeared in only two of six patients
      subsequently transfused. Antibodies to platelet specific antigens were detected
      in 28 patients. They were transient, often appeared in association with
      infection, and in 50% of cases tested demonstrated autoantibody activity. There
      was no association with antibiotic drug therapy, or PFA/EDTA-dependent
      cryptantigens. Platelet recovery at 1 h or 20 h post transfusion was not
      significantly reduced in the presence of platelet specific antibodies. These
      findings have important implications for the selection of platelet donors for
      alloimmunized recipients.

PMID- 3355794
TI  - Variation in clinical severity among patients with Hb Lepore-Boston-beta
      thalassaemia is related to the type of beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - Clinical and haematological observations, made for 10 Yugoslavian patients with
      the Hb Lepore-beta-thalassaemia condition, suggested a considerable variation
      from severe disease and complete blood transfusion dependency to a moderate,
      compensated, anaemia without major complications and without a need for regular
      blood transfusions. As the type of Hb Lepore was the same in all patients (Lepore
      Boston-Washington) and an alpha-globin gene deficiency was absent, it was
      concluded that the type of beta-thalassaemia determined the severity of the
      disease. Six patients with severe disease had one of the following three beta
      thalassaemia determinants: IVS-1 position 110 G----A, exon 2 codon 39 C----T, and
      IVS-1 position 1 G----A, while the three patients with mild disease had the
      Portuguese type of thalassaemia which is caused by the T----C substitution at
      position 6 of the IVS-1. In one patient with severe disease the beta-thalassaemia
      determinant remained unknown. Our observations are consistent with those made for
      thalassaemia patients with a homozygosity for these determinants.

PMID- 3355795
TI  - Disturbed patterns of globin chain synthesis in childhood monosomy 7
      myeloproliferative syndrome.
AB  - Two children with typical clinical and haematological features of monosomy 7
      myeloproliferative syndrome are presented. Both children displayed decreased
      production of beta-globin chains and unbalanced high alpha/non-alpha synthetic
      ratios similar to those characteristic of homozygous beta-thalassaemia. These
      provide further evidence for the involvement of the erythroid line as part of the
      malignant clone, indicating neoplastic transformation of a pluripotential stem
      cell in this disease.

PMID- 3355796
TI  - Effects of recombinant human H-subunit and L-subunit ferritins on in vitro growth
      of human granulocyte-monocyte progenitors.
AB  - We have studied the influence of purified recombinant human H-subunit (rHF,
      acidic) and L-subunit (rLF, basic) ferritins on in vitro colony formation by
      normal human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Whereas rLF had no
      significant effect, rHF produced significant decrease in colony formation: mean
      inhibition of CFU-GM was 38% +/- 13% at 10(-8) M and 22% +/- 13% at 10(-9) M. The
      inhibitory activity of rHF was lost at 10(-10) M, and was inactivated with a
      monoclonal antibody recognizing the H subunit, but not with a monoclonal antibody
      recognizing the L subunit. Although H-type isoferritins were found in normal and
      leukaemic cells, their concentration in peripheral blood plasma and bone marrow
      plasma from normal subjects and patients with different haematological disorders
      including acute leukaemia were 10(-11) M or lower, i.e. levels showing no
      activity in vitro. We conclude that: (i) acidic H-subunit-rich isoferritins have
      inhibitory effects on in vitro growth of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors; (ii)
      levels of these isoferritins in peripheral blood and bone marrow plasma are 2-3
      orders of magnitude lower than the effective concentrations in vitro, indicating
      that these molecules do not behave as circulating regulatory or suppressive
      factors in vivo.

PMID- 3355797
TI  - In vivo studies on the relationship between intestinal iron (Fe3+) absorption,
      hypoxia and erythropoiesis in the mouse.
AB  - The effect of hypoxia and changes in erythropoiesis on the absorption of 59Fe3+
      from in situ tied-off duodenal segments was studied in the mouse. Hypoxia led to
      an increase in mucosal uptake within 6 h, whilst mucosal transfer was unaffected
      for about 20 h, suggesting independent regulation of these two processes. Hypoxia
      (3 d) stimulated erythropoiesis and resulted in a 2-3-fold increase in the total
      mucosal uptake of 59Fe. Conversely, hyperoxia (100% O2) caused a decrease in
      reticulocyte counts and the total mucosal uptake. The changes in the transfer of
      59Fe from the mucosa to the body were more marked than changes in uptake in both
      hypoxia and hyperoxia. Mice subjected to subtotal nephrectomy showed a normal
      increase in the total mucosal uptake of 59Fe3+ following hypoxic exposure,
      despite the absence of any changes in the reticulocyte count. Obliteration of the
      erythroid tissue of animals by splenectomy and 89Sr treatment was accompanied by
      a marked decrease in the transfer of 59Fe from mucosa to the carcass. However,
      exposure of splenectomized 89Sr-treated mice to hypoxia resulted in an increase
      in the total mucosal uptake and carcass transfer of 59Fe, without any change in
      erythropoiesis. These results indicate that hypoxia enhances mucosal iron uptake
      by a mechanism which is independent of stimulated erythropoiesis, but that
      changes in the rate of erythropoiesis have an additional effect, particularly on
      the transfer phase of iron absorption.

PMID- 3355798
TI  - Polynuclear iron complexes impair the function of polymorphonuclear granulocytes.
AB  - In a previous study we showed that the phagocytic function of non-stimulated PMN
      was impaired after incubation with high concentrations (200 microM) of
      polynuclear Fe(III), probably as a result of continuous generation of small
      amounts of superoxide and subsequent formation of hydroxyl radicals (Van Asbeck
      et al, 1984b). Because polynuclear Fe(III) complexes may not be available for
      biological reactions we have studied the effects of polynuclear and mononuclear
      iron(III) on the PMN. Fe(III) in its polynuclear form (Fe:citrate 1:1) was
      deleterious for the phagocytic function of PMN, while the mononuclear form
      (Fe:citrate 1:20) was not toxic. Binding affinity of polynuclear Fe(III) for PMN
      was higher than of mononuclear Fe(III), and a considerable amount of bound
      Fe(III) was found in the cytosolic fraction of non-stimulated PMN. Limit dilution
      analysis of polynuclear complexes revealed that concentrations as low as 25
      microM Fe(III) significantly impaired phagocytic function. The molecular weight
      of these complexes is similar to that of the non-transferrin plasma iron found in
      the serum of patients with iron overload. The toxic effects of small polynuclear
      non-transferrin plasma Fe(III) complexes on PMN function may contribute to the
      development of infections in patients with iron overload.

PMID- 3355800
TI  - The parallel squint.

PMID- 3355799
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human transferrins.

PMID- 3355801
TI  - Disordered vergence control in dyslexic children.
AB  - By means of a synoptophore vergence eye movements were recorded in dyslexic and
      normal children while they were attempting to track small targets moving in
      simulated depth. Of the dyslexic children 64% were unable to make proper vergence
      movements when macular sized fusion targets (2 1/2 degrees) were employed, but
      their vergence control was better for larger (7 degrees) targets. The normal
      readers and the remaining dyslexics showed normal vergence responses for both
      large and small moving fusion stimuli. The results suggest that many dyslexics
      suffer a disorder of visuomotor control and perception for stimuli falling on the
      macula; this may explain their characteristic visual problems when reading. Hence
      recording vergence eye movement responses to small moving fusion stimuli may be
      useful in the investigation and treatment of children with reading difficulties.

PMID- 3355802
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis presenting as uveitis.
AB  - A patient presented with a posterior uveitis. An inferior plaque of retinal
      exudation was seen. Full investigation failed to establish a cause until six
      weeks later, when cryptococcal meningitis developed. The patient was
      immunocompetent. Exudation in relation to retinal vessels is unusual in
      idiopathic posterior uveitis, and cryptococcosis should be considered in the
      differential. Diagnosis is by lumbar puncture or vitreous aspiration.

PMID- 3355803
TI  - Fatal disseminated cryptococcosis following intraocular involvement.
AB  - A 33-year-old man was treated with systemic steroids for a retinal inflammatory
      lesion before the diagnosis of cryptococcal retinitis and meningitis was
      suspected. He died from central nervous system disease despite treatment with
      parenteral antifungals. Histopathological studies demonstrated ocular and
      disseminated systemic infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. Direct cryptococcal
      involvement of the eye is rare and is usually associated with disseminated
      disease. Systemic steroids must be used with caution, and patients who take these
      drugs require frequent monitoring.

PMID- 3355805
TI  - Crouzon's craniofacial dysostosis in Kenya.
AB  - A 5-year-old child with Crouzon's disease presented with luxation of the eyeballs
      and advanced endophthalmitis as a result of which both the eyes had to be
      enucleated. This case led us to study the family pedigree. The factors
      influencing the pattern of clinical presentation, and hence the ultimate
      treatment of orbital disease, are discussed. The case is presented to emphasise
      the different concept of ophthalmology in Africa so far as the presentation and
      management of orbital disease are concerned. Appropriate and timely attention
      could have prevented the complications in our patient.

PMID- 3355804
TI  - Localising patterns of optic nerve hypoplasia--retina to occipital lobe.
AB  - Six cases are presented which provide clinical evidence that optic nerve
      hypoplasia can occur as a result of a lesion at any site in the developing visual
      system. The mechanisms of hypoplasia are discussed in the light of recent
      understanding of optic nerve development.

PMID- 3355807
TI  - Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Two patients with retinitis pigmentosa and glomerulonephritis are described. The
      patients were unrelated and had identical renal lesions, mesangioproliferative
      glomerulonephritis. This may not be a chance association, and simple dip-stick
      urine analysis in patients with primary retinal degenerations may lead to earlier
      identification of renal disease.

PMID- 3355806
TI  - Extratarsal chalazia.
AB  - Three cases of atypical, extratarsal chalazia are presented. All three patients
      initially presented with a history of an inflammatory mass close to the lid
      margin. Inferior migration subsequently occurred, with loss of connection to the
      tarsus, causing confusion in the diagnosis. The basis for this migration is
      postulated to be the anatomical relationships of the tarsus, postorbicular
      fascia, and lower eyelid retractors. A good response was obtained with standard
      surgical therapy.

PMID- 3355809
TI  - Effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on intraocular pressure in normal
      subjects.
AB  - We studied the effects of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, given intravenously
      and orally, on intraocular pressure in six normal volunteers. Nifedipine had no
      effect on intraocular pressure. Nifedipine is not contraindicated for the
      treatment of cardiovascular disease in glaucomatous patients and may have
      theoretical advantages in this situation, which are discussed.

PMID- 3355808
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the conjunctiva following Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 64-year-old woman with mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in 1972
      developed a malignant lymphoma of the conjunctiva 14 years later. She had
      undergone combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas developing after Hodgkin's disease have been reported with
      increasing frequency in recent years. It is important to recognise a separate
      malignant lymphoma in a patient with Hodgkin's disease because of the different
      treatment offered for each of these diseases.

PMID- 3355810
TI  - Image size in the fundus: structural evidence for wide-field retinal
      magnification factor.
AB  - A simple geometrical method is described of calculating the retinal magnification
      factor (micrometres/degree) at the ora serrata of the human eye. At the ora the
      magnification factor is some 176 microns/deg., whereas at the posterior pole it
      is 276 microns/deg. This result may be of clinical use in examinations where
      dimensions of tears and holes near the ora serrata are estimated.

PMID- 3355812
TI  - Cardiac side effects of beta blocker eyedrops.

PMID- 3355811
TI  - Pre- and postoperative refraction after cataract extraction with implantation of
      standard power IOL.
AB  - The pre- and postoperative refraction results are reported in 99 patients
      receiving an anterior chamber lens of standard 19.0 D power after intracapsular
      cataract extraction. The mean refraction after the operation was -0.76 D, SD
      2.13. Apart from eight patients with suspected lenticular myopia, 5% of the
      patients ended up with a refraction that differed more than +/- 5D from the
      preoperative value. This variation was due to variation in the power of the
      biological lens removed at surgery, the mean value of which was 22.8 D, SD 3.3.
      As a measure of the aniseikonia induced at surgery, the ocular magnification was
      calculated to increase 2.7%, SD 4.2%, as compared with the preoperative value.
      The variation should be considered in the discussion of whether a preoperative
      biometry and calculation of appropriate IOL power are recommended or not.

PMID- 3355813
TI  - Purification and reconstitution of two anion carriers from rat liver
      mitochondria: the dicarboxylate and the 2-oxoglutarate carrier.
AB  - Two anion-transporting systems, i.e., the dicarboxylate carrier and the 2
      oxoglutarate carrier, have been purified from rat liver mitochondria and
      functionally identified. The dicarboxylate carrier has been isolated in active
      form by hydroxyapatite chromatography after partial removal of the solubilizing
      detergent Triton X-114 from the mitochondrial extract. The SDS gel
      electrophoresis of this preparation consists mainly of one protein band with an
      apparent Mr of 28,000, identified as the dicarboxylate carrier. Complete
      purification of the 28 kDa protein in inactive form has been achieved by
      sequential chromatography on hydroxyapatite and Celite followed by SDS extraction
      of the retained protein. The 2-oxoglutarate carrier has been purified by
      hydroxyapatite chromatography after extensive removal of Triton X-114 from the
      detergent extract. SDS gel electrophoresis of the purified fraction shows a
      single band with an apparent Mr of 32,500. When reconstituted into liposomes, the
      functional properties of the two isolated carrier proteins resemble closely those
      of the dicarboxylate and the 2-oxoglutarate transport systems characterized in
      mitochondria.

PMID- 3355814
TI  - Kinetics of the Na+/alanine cotransporter in pancreatic acinar cells.
AB  - Electric currents associated with Na+-coupled alanine transport in pancreatic
      acinar cells were investigated by the technique of tight-seal whole-cell
      recordings. In a previous study the observed concentration dependence of alanine
      dependent currents was found to be consistent with a 'simultaneous' transport
      mechanism with 1:1 stoichiometry. In the present work the sidedness of the
      cotransporter was investigated by comparing inward (I") and outward currents (I')
      measured under mirror-symmetrical conditions. I' and I" were found to be nearly
      equal (within a factor of approx. 2) in a wide range of Na+ and alanine
      concentrations. The transport model was further tested by 'infinite-cis'
      experiments with fixed, saturating concentrations of Na+ and L-alanine on one
      side of the membrane and variable concentrations on the other. By measuring
      transmembrane currents as a function of Na+ and alanine concentrations, numerical
      values of the equilibrium dissociation constants of both substrates could be
      estimated.

PMID- 3355815
TI  - Membrane bilayer balance and platelet shape: morphological and biochemical
      responses to amphipathic compounds.
AB  - Activated platelets adopt a characteristic spiculate morphology. A wide variety
      of anionic and zwitterionic amphipathic compounds were found to effect a similar
      shape change and to cause the open canalicular system to become less prominent.
      Several cationic amphipaths reversed thrombin-, PAF-, and amphipath-induced
      spiculation and restored the discoid shape. Higher concentrations of cationic
      amphipaths caused the cells to assume spheroid and indented forms, and caused the
      canalicular system to appear more prominent. Three amphipaths were studied
      further to address possible mechanisms underlying their morphological effects.
      Dilauroylphosphatidylcholine was found to induce spiculation without causing the
      changes in protein phosphorylation and inositide metabolism generally associated
      with platelet activation. Two other amphipaths, chlorpromazine (which induced
      sphering) and dilauroylphosphatidylserine (which caused spiculation followed by
      sphering) caused specific changes in protein and/or lipid phosphorylation, which
      may be responsible for some, but not all, of the morphological effects of these
      compounds. To account for these findings, we propose that platelet shape can be
      influenced by changes in the plasma membrane bilayer balance. Agents that bind to
      the membrane outer monolayer are accommodated by spiculation; those that bind to
      the inner monolayer are accommodated by sphering.

PMID- 3355816
TI  - Intestinal absorption enhanced by unsaturated fatty acids: inhibitory effect of
      sulfhydryl modifiers.
AB  - In vitro absorption of carboxyfluorescein was performed with everted colonic
      segments of rats. Oleic acid solubilized by a nonionic surfactant HCO-60, but not
      HCO-60 alone, markedly enhanced the permeation of the otherwise poorly permeant
      carboxyfluorescein through the colonic mucosa. The effect produced by oleic acid
      was reduced to different extents by pretreating the mucosa with several SH
      reagents, with N-ethyl-maleimide being the most effective. The inhibitory effect
      of N-ethylmaleimide was concentration dependent, with more than 5 mM completely
      blocking the enhancement of transmucosal permeability by oleic acid. The in vitro
      effect of N-ethylmaleimide in the absorption experiments was also observed in
      situ. The inhibitory effects of HgCl2 and iodoacetamide were comparable to that
      of N-ethylmaleimide, whereas PCMPS, an impermeant SH blocker, had no effect on
      the enhanced permeation. Various other amino-group modifiers had also no effect
      on the enhancement. On the other hand, the inhibition was accompanied by a
      significant reduction in the level of non-protein thiols as well as protein SH
      groups. Diethyl maleate, which reduced only the non-protein SH level, had no
      pronounced effect on the oleic acid-induced permeability change. These results
      suggest that the intact SH group of membrane-associated protein is necessary for
      the enhanced permeation of carboxyfluorescein elicited by oleic acid.

PMID- 3355818
TI  - Association of glycolytic enzymes with the cytoplasmic side of the plasma
      membrane of glioma cells.
AB  - A latex phagocytosis technique was used to prepare relatively pure plasma
      membranes with inside-out orientation. This method was adapted through a number
      of modifications in order to evaluate the association of glycolytic enzymes with
      the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane of C6 glial cells. As phosphorylation
      is strictly coupled with transport in these cells, glycolytic enzymes, especially
      hexokinase, could metabolize glucose in close vicinity to its transporter. Of the
      enzymes tested, hexokinase is present in considerable quantities on these
      membranes (nearly 40% of homogenate specific activity), followed by D
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (10%), pyruvate kinase (8%), and 3
      phosphoglycerate kinase (1%). Except for hexokinase, the enzyme pattern presented
      here is different from that published for other membrane preparations.

PMID- 3355817
TI  - Partitioning of local anesthetics into membranes: surface charge effects
      monitored by the phospholipid head-group.
AB  - The binding of the charged form of two local anesthetics, dibucaine and
      etidocaine, to bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (POPC) was measured simultaneously with ultraviolet spectroscopy
      and deuterium magnetic resonance. Because of their amphiphilic molecular
      structure, both drugs intercalate between the lipid molecules, increasing the
      surface area and imparting a positive electric charge onto the membrane. The
      ultraviolet (UV) binding isotherms were therefore analyzed in terms of a model
      which specifically took into account the bilayer expansion as well as the charge
      induced concentration variations near the membrane surface. By formulating a
      quantitative expression for the change in surface area upon drug intercalation
      and combining it with the Gouy-Chapman theory, the binding of charged dibucaine
      and etidocaine to the lipid membrane was best described by a partition
      equilibrium, with surface partition coefficients of 660 +/- 80 M-1 and 11 +/- 2 M
      1 for dibucaine and etidocaine, respectively (pH 5.5, 0.1 M NaCl/50 mM buffer).
      Deuterium magnetic resonance demonstrated further that the binding of drug
      changed the head-group conformation of the lipid molecules. Invoking the
      intercalation model, a linear variation of the deuterium quadrupole splittings of
      the choline segments with the surface charge density was observed, suggesting
      that the phosphocholine head-group may act as a 'molecular electrometer' with
      respect to surface charges.

PMID- 3355819
TI  - A sensitive technique for the determination of anion exchange activities in brush
      border membrane vesicles. Evidence for two exchangers with different affinities
      for HCO3- and SITS in rat intestinal epithelium.
AB  - A large percentage (up to 70%) of 36Cl- influx in brush-border membrane vesicles
      from rat small intestine under equilibrium exchange conditions was found to be
      mediated by SITS-inhibitable anion exchange. This Cl-/anion exchange could be
      measured 10-15-times more sensitive by determining the uptake of trace amounts of
      125I- driven by a large Cl- gradient (in greater than out) generated by passing
      the vesicles through an anion-exchange column. Voltage clamping of the vesicle
      membrane with K+ and valinomycin did not effect the chloride driven 125I- uptake,
      showing that the 'overshooting' I- uptake was not mediated by an electrical
      diffusion potential, as might be generated by the Cl- gradient in the presence of
      a chloride channel. The Cl-/anion exchange was further characterized in brush
      border membrane vesicles from both rat ileum and jejunum by studying the
      inhibitory action of various anions on the Cl- driven I- uptake. NO3-, Cl-, SCN-
      and formate at 2 mM could inhibit Cl-/I- exchange for more than 80%. The ileal
      brush-border membrane vesicles displayed a clear heterogeneity with respect to
      the inhibitory action of SO2-(4), SITS and HCO-3 on Cl-/I- exchange.
      Approximately 30% of the Cl-/I- exchange was insensitive to SO2-(4) and showed a
      relatively low sensitivity to SITS (IC50 = 1 mM) but could be inhibited for 80%
      by 2 mM HCO-3. Presumably this component represents Cl-/OH- or Cl-/HCO-3
      exchange. The residual 70% showed a high sensitivity to SO2-(4) (IC50 = 0.5 mM)
      and SITS (IC50 = 2.5 microM) but was less sensitive to HCO-3. This part of the
      exchange activity showed inhibition characteristics very similar to the Cl-/I-
      exchange in the jejunal vesicles. The latter process was also inhibited for 80%
      by 2 mM oxalate. As discussed in this paper both exchangers may be involved in
      the electroneutral transport of NaCl across the apical membrane of the small
      intestinal villus cell.

PMID- 3355820
TI  - Conformation of the polar headgroup of sphingomyelin and its analogues.
AB  - The conformation of the polar headgroup of synthetic D-erythro
      stearoylsphingomyelin (1), its L-threo-isomer (2) and phosphorothioyl analogues
      of 1 (3 and 4) has been studied in detail by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. In
      both monomeric and aggregated states the phosphocholine function of 1 adopts the
      synclinal conformation (alpha 5 torsional angle), in analogy with
      phosphatidylcholine (Hauser, H., Guyer, W., Pascher, I., Skrabal, P. and Sundell,
      S. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 366-373). The conformation about the C1-C2 bond (theta
      1 angle) of the sphingosine backbone is predominantly -synclinal, analogously to
      the conformation of the crystalline galactosyl cerebroside (Pascher, I. and
      Sundell, S. (1977) Chem. Phys. Lipids 20, 175-191). In contrast, the L-threo
      isomer displays unrestricted rotation about C1-C2 bond. The possibility of the
      existence of a hydrogen bond between the 3-hydroxyl function and the bridged
      oxygen atom of sphingosine responsible for the different conformation of 1 and 2
      is discussed. The modification of the phosphate function in 1 with sulfur has no
      significant effect on the conformation of the resulting analogues. The
      conformation of all studied compounds about the C-O phosphoester bonds (alpha 1
      and alpha 4 torsion angles) is mainly antiperiplanar. Similar to other double
      chain phospholipids, sphingomyelin shows a preference towards the antiperiplanar
      conformation about the C2-C3 bond.

PMID- 3355821
TI  - Factors affecting the stability of dry liposomes.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that liposomes can be preserved in the dry state in
      the presence of certain sugars, of which trehalose is particularly effective.
      There have been some discrepancies in results obtained by the various
      laboratories in which this phenomenon has been studied, both with respect to the
      efficacy of the sugars tested and the degree to which the dry vesicles can be
      stabilized. We show here that several factors that affect the stability of the
      dry liposomes may be responsible for the discrepancies between measurements by
      different laboratories. These factors include: (1) Size: small, sonicated
      vesicles are comparatively very unstable, and retain no more than 70% of trapped
      solute after drying, even in extremely high concentrations of sugars. Very large
      vesicles are similarly unstable. (2) Charge: a small amount of negatively charged
      lipid in the bilayer significantly increases stability. (3) Stabilizing sugar:
      the comparative efficacy of the sugar used varies with the size of the vesicles.
      (4) Dry-mass ratio. It is the dry-mass ratio between the stabilizing sugar and
      lipid that is important in the preservation during freeze-drying, not the
      concentration of either lipid or sugar in bulk solution.

PMID- 3355822
TI  - The osmotic permeability of isolated calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
AB  - Osmotic permeability coefficients, PF, for water in isolated calf pulmonary
      artery endothelial cells determined over the temperature range 41 to 20 degrees C
      are 311.10(-5) cm.s-1 at 37 degrees C and 159.10(-5) cm.s-1 at 20 degrees C. The
      value at 37 degrees C is close to that reported earlier for the diffusional
      permeability coefficient, PD. The PF/PD ratio is 1.0 at 37 degrees C. The PF
      values are within the range of values extrapolated for filtration permeability in
      pulmonary endothelium. The temperature dependence expressed as the activation
      energy is 7.2 kcal.mol-1. The product of hydraulic conductivity, Lp (or PF) and
      of viscosity changes in water is not constant from 37 to 20 degrees C. These
      results can be interpreted to indicate a similar pathway for water whether under
      diffusional or osmotic gradients.

PMID- 3355823
TI  - Increase of the molecular rigidity of the protein conformation in the intestinal
      brush-border membranes by lipid peroxidation.
AB  - The effect of lipid peroxidation on the protein conformation of the porcine
      intestinal brush-border membranes was studied using a fluorogenic thiol reagent,
      N-[7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl]maleimide (DACM). By a kinetic analysis of
      the reaction of the membranes with DACM, it was shown that the reaction rate of
      the SH groups (SHf) of the membrane proteins, whose reaction with the dye is very
      fast, decreases in proportion to the extent of thiobarbituric acid-reactive
      substance formation. The difference in the rate of the reaction of the SHf groups
      for DACM between the control and peroxidized membranes completely disappeared
      after denaturation of the proteins by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. The
      reaction of DACM with the SHf groups of the control membranes accelerated when
      the temperature was increased with an apparent transition temperature between 25
      degrees C and 30 degrees C. On the other hand, no transition was observed in the
      peroxidized membranes over the temperature range 20-43 degrees C. These results
      suggest that the conformation around the SHf groups of the proteins in the
      peroxidized membranes is apparently different from that in the control membranes.
      A modification of the conformation around the SH groups in the membrane proteins
      associated with lipid peroxidation was further demonstrated by finding that the
      quenching efficiency of the fluorescence of the DACM-labeled membranes by Tl+ was
      markedly decreased after lipid peroxidation. Based on these results, changes in
      the protein conformation of the porcine intestinal brush-border membranes by
      lipid peroxidation are discussed.

PMID- 3355824
TI  - Effect of epidermal acylglucosylceramides and acylceramides on the morphology of
      liposomes prepared from stratum corneum lipids.
AB  - Epidermal acylglucosylceramides (AGC) and acylceramides (AC) cause aggregation
      and stacking of stratum corneum lipid liposomes formed from a lipid mixture
      containing epidermal ceramides (40%), cholesterol (25%), palmitic acid (25%), and
      cholesteryl sulfate (10%). This demonstrates the ability of these sphingolipids
      to hold adjacent bilayers in close apposition and their roles in the assembly of
      lamellar structures in the epidermis. However, AGC and AC in their hydrogenated
      form also caused aggregation and stacking of the stratum corneum lipid liposomes.
      This throws into doubt the proposed structural specificity of linoleate in the
      function of AGC and AC as molecular rivets in the assembly of the epidermal
      lamellar granules and the stratum corneum intercellular lamellae, respectively.

PMID- 3355825
TI  - Systematic study of phospholipids linked to a steroid derivative, spread into a
      monolayer at the air/water interface.
AB  - Isothermal pressure-area curves of different phospholipids linked to a cortisol
      derivative, spread into monolayers at the air/water interface are studied. It is
      shown that derivatives containing saturated lipid chains and those with
      unsaturated chains present quite different behaviours. With saturated
      derivatives, the main phase transition plateau and the stability of the fluid
      phase are very sensitive to the length of the lipid chains, the presence of a
      spacer between the lipid and the steroid moieties, the temperature and the
      presence of di- and trivalent cations in the aqueous subphase; the calcium ion
      shows an especially high effect, compared to the other ions studied. The presence
      of the steroid on the lipid modifies the specific area of the molecules of
      unsaturated lipids, which is not the case with saturated lipids, probably due to
      differences in the lipophilic cohesion.

PMID- 3355826
TI  - Characterization of the autofluorescence of rat liver plasma membranes.
AB  - The autofluorescence of isolated rat liver cell plasma membranes was
      characterized in vitro in relation to the autofluorescence used previously for
      fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies. The fluorescence of
      membrane preparations displayed an emission pattern with a maximum at around 525
      nm when excited with a 468 nm blue light. The excitation spectrum monitored at
      525 nm closely resembled that of flavin compounds (riboflavin, FAD, FMN). The
      chloroform extract of the membrane fraction showed practically no fluorescence,
      whereas, both the water-soluble and water-insoluble protein fractions remaining
      after chloroform extraction were strongly fluorescent. The fluorescence
      disappeared almost completely under the effect of sodium hydrosulfite, and
      recovered after oxidation either by shaking in air or by adding buffered hydrogen
      peroxide solution. The fluorescence of the acid extract of the plasma membranes
      photolyzed in an alkaline medium was quite similar to that of lumiflavin obtained
      from the photolysis of riboflavin in an alkaline medium. The plasma membranes
      prepared from isolated hepatocytes (which were completely devoid of endothelial
      cell contamination) exhibited the same autofluorescence in the liver cell plasma
      membranes. The results suggest that the autofluorescence of the liver cell plasma
      membranes is most likely of a character similar to that of flavin, bound to
      hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins. This fluorescence is suitable for measuring
      the average lateral diffusion constant of proteins by means of FRAP methods.

PMID- 3355827
TI  - Quantitation of secretion by rat basophilic leukemia cells by measurements of
      quinacrine uptake.
AB  - A novel method for quantitating secretion is described based on measurements of
      the cellular uptake of the fluorescent aminoacridine dye quinacrine into low-pH
      secretory granules. The quinacrine fluorescence remaining in the medium was found
      to decrease after incubation with increasing numbers of the 2H3 rat basophilic
      leukemia line. This depletion of dye from the medium decreased after a secretory
      stimulus. Assuming that quinacrine partitions according to mass action, a
      quantitative model was derived to allow calculation of the percent secretion from
      dye uptake data. A good correlation was obtained when the values for the percent
      secretion determined by the quinacrine uptake method were compared with secretion
      measured by release of the granule enzyme beta-glucuronidase.

PMID- 3355829
TI  - Protein methylation inhibits Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity in cardiac sarcolemmal
      vesicles.
AB  - We have examined the effect of membrane methylation on the Na+-Ca2+ exchange
      activity of canine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as
      methyl donor. Methylation leads to approximately 40% inhibition of the initial
      rate of Nai+-dependent Ca2+ uptake. The inhibition is due to a lowering of the
      Vmax for the reaction. The inhibition is not due to an effect on membrane
      permeability and is blocked by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, an inhibitor of
      methylation reactions. The following experiments indicated that inhibition of Na+
      Ca2+ exchange was due to methylation of membrane protein and not due to
      methylated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) compounds (i.e., phosphatidyl-N
      monomethylethanolamine (PMME) or phosphatidyl-N,N'-dimethylethanolamine (PDME]:
      (1) We solubilized sarcolemma and reconstituted activity into vesicles containing
      no PE. The inhibition by S-adenosyl-L-methionine was not diminished in this
      environment. (2) We reconstituted sarcolemma into vesicles containing PMME or
      PDME. These methylated lipid components had no effect on Na+-Ca2+ exchange
      activity. (3) We verified that many membrane proteins, probably including the
      exchanger, become methylated.

PMID- 3355828
TI  - Fluorescence lifetime distributions of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene reveal the
      effect of cholesterol on the microheterogeneity of erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The fluorescence decay of 1,6 diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has been used to
      characterize aspects of the erythrocyte membrane structure related to the
      microheterogeneity of the lipid bilayer. The DPH decay has been studied using
      frequency domain fluorometry and the data analyzed either by a model of discrete
      exponential components or a model that assumes a continuous distribution of
      lifetime values. The main intensity fraction was associated with a lifetime value
      centered at about 11 ns in the erythrocyte membrane, but a short component of
      very low fractional intensity had to be considered to obtain a good fit to the
      data. The lifetime value of the long component was insensitive to temperature,
      while the width of the distribution decreased with increasing temperature. In
      multilamellar liposomes prepared from phospholipids extracted from the
      erythrocytes, the long lifetime component showed a temperature dependence. The
      depletion of 27% of the cholesterol in the erythrocyte membrane induced a
      broadening of the distribution, suggesting a homogenizing effect of cholesterol.
      This effect has also been detected in egg phosphatidylcholine at a very low
      cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. The role of cholesterol on membrane
      heterogeneity is discussed in relation to the effect of cholesterol on water
      penetration.

PMID- 3355830
TI  - Nuclear membrane fusion in electrofused mammalian cells.
AB  - Fusion of nuclei was studied in electrofused cells using staining procedures and
      DNA flow cytometry. Homogeneous and heterogeneous electrofusion of Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells. Muntjac cells and V79-S181 cells were performed in balanced
      salt solutions at low temperature. Incubation of the cells subjected to
      electrofusion in fusion media for about 2 h was required to complete cell fusion
      and, in particular, nuclear membrane fusion. Under optimum electrofusion
      conditions it was found that fusion of nuclei is a very frequent event. Half of
      the fused cells (about 30 to 50% of the field-exposed cells) underwent nuclear
      membrane fusion. It is shown that the high frequency of nuclear membrane fusion
      in electrofused, unsynchronised cells resulted from intracellular
      dielectrophoresis occurring during cell alignment. In accordance with theory,
      maximum nuclear membrane fusion was observed using alignment fields of between 1
      and 4 MHz (depending on the cell species), that is above the frequencies at which
      the plasmalemma capacity no longer shielded the cell interior from participation
      in the conduction process. In this frequency range a potential difference can be
      built up across the nuclear membrane leading to repositioning of the nuclei into
      the contact zone of the plasmalemmas of two attached cells. This intracellular
      dielectrophoresis apparently facilitated fusion of nuclei once intermingling of
      the plasma membranes had occurred. It was further demonstrated that exponentially
      growing cells showed higher cell fusion rates than cells taken from the unfed
      plateau phase. One, but not the only reason, might be the higher ATP content of
      exponentially growing cells compared to cells of the plateau phase. Addition of
      external ATP to plateau phase cells during electrofusion resulted, in accordance
      with this assumption, in an increase of fusion frequency, whereas ATP had
      apparently no effect on the fusion yield of exponentially growing cells. G1 cells
      obtained by mitotic selection after nocodazole-induced blockage in metaphase also
      showed higher cellular and nuclear membrane fusion yields than exponentially
      growing cells. Most importantly, it could be demonstrated both experimentally and
      theoretically that electrofusion of cells in a dielectrophoretically aligned
      chain is controlled by a simple law of probability resulting predominantly in
      fusion of two cells independent of the number of cells in the chain. The
      likelihood of fusion of various numbers of cells in a chain is given by the
      appropriate power of the probability of two-cell fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3355832
TI  - Regulation of sugar transport systems of Kluyveromyces marxianus: the role of
      carbohydrates and their catabolism.
AB  - In Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on a glucose-containing synthetic medium four
      different sugar transporters have been identified. In cells, harvested during the
      exponential phase, only the constitutive glucose/fructose carrier, probed with 6
      deoxy-D-glucose or sorbose, appeared to be active. In cells from the stationary
      phase three proton symporters can be active, recognizing 6-deoxyglucose (a
      glucose/galactose carrier), sorbose (a fructose carrier) and galactosides
      (lactose carrier), respectively. These symporters appeared to be sensitive to
      catabolite inactivation. This process is induced by incubating cells in the
      presence of glucose, fructose or mannose. Catabolite inactivation was not
      influenced by the inhibitor of protein synthesis, anisomycin. Derepression of the
      proton/sorbose and the proton/galactoside symporters proceeded readily when cells
      were incubated in a medium without glucose. Activation of the proton/galactose
      symporter needed, in addition, the presence of specific molecules (inducers) in
      the medium. The activation of each of these active transport systems was
      inhibited by anisomycin, showing the involvement of protein synthesis.

PMID- 3355831
TI  - Characterization of the folate-binding proteins associated with the plasma
      membrane of rat liver.
AB  - Unsaturated folate-binding proteins (i.e., apo forms) have been identified with
      the plasma membranes of rat liver by the binding of [3H]pteroylglutamic acid.
      Normal rat liver contains very little of the folate-binding apoproteins, but the
      folate-binding capacity increases substantially when the rats are made folate
      deficient. This increase appears to be due to unsaturation of the folate-binding
      holoproteins rather than to synthesis of additional protein, because the binding
      capacity of the plasma membranes from normal rat liver following dissociation of
      the bound folate is equivalent to the binding capacity of the preparation from
      folate-deficient liver. Two molecular forms of folate-binding protein were
      identified by gel filtration of the solubilized plasma membrane fraction, a high
      molecular-weight form (Mr less than 100,000), representing 25% of the binding
      capacity, and a smaller protein (Mr approximately equal to 55,000), representing
      75% of the binding capacity. Whereas the larger species can be solubilized only
      with a detergent, the smaller form appears to be hydrophilic and dissociates
      spontaneously from the membrane preparation. The binding of [3H]pteroylglutamic
      acid by the membrane preparation was specific, saturable, and pH- and temperature
      dependent. Scatchard analysis of the binding could be fitted to a curvo-linear
      plot, indicating at least two orders of binding sites which probably correspond
      to the two molecular forms identified by gel filtration. Competitive inhibition
      by folate analogues demonstrated that the apoproteins have higher affinity for
      oxidized folate than for N5-methyltetrahydrofolate and virtually no affinity for
      N5-formyltetrahydrofolate or methotrexate.

PMID- 3355833
TI  - Phase behavior of cerebroside and its fractions with phosphatidylcholines:
      calorimetric studies.
AB  - Bovine brain cerebroside and its kerasin (beta-D-galactosyl-N-acyl-D-sphingosine)
      and phrenosin (beta-D-galactosyl-N-(2-D-hydroxyacyl)-D-sphingosine) fractions
      were mixed with diacylphosphatidylcholines (PCs) to form fully hydrated lamellar
      phases. These mixtures were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, and
      phase diagrams for cerebroside/diacylPC mixtures were constructed from the data.
      Cerebroside was found to be miscible with egg PC at low mole fractions X of
      cerebroside; the mixture behaves non-ideally for X greater than 0.25. The non
      ideal behavior appears to be a superposition of separate interactions of kerasin
      and phrenosin with egg PC. Strikingly, phrenosin mixes nearly ideally with egg
      PC. Kerasin mixed with egg PC yields a peritectic phase diagram. Cerebroside and
      phrenosin were found to be immiscible with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)
      in the gel state in low proportions. Both stable and metastable gel phases of
      kerasin were detected in different endotherms of kerasin/PC mixtures. Kerasin in
      the stable and metastable gel states exhibits discontinuous and continuous ranges
      of miscibility, respectively, with DMPC. The stable gel phase of kerasin does not
      segregate in natural cerebroside. Natural kerasin was found to act isomorphic to
      semi-synthetic (natural configuration) D-kerasins but not completely to synthetic
      DL-kerasins of single acyl chain lengths.

PMID- 3355834
TI  - Ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane; comparison between cardiac
      and skeletal muscle.
AB  - [3H]Ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
      vesicles was compared under experimental conditions known to inhibit or stimulate
      Ca2+ release. In the skeletal muscle SR, ryanodine binds to a single class of
      high-affinity sites (Kd of 11.3 nM). In cardiac SR vesicles, more than one class
      of binding sites is observed (Kd values of 3.6 and 28.1 nM). Ryanodine binding to
      skeletal muscle SR vesicles requires high concentrations of NaCl, whereas binding
      of the drug to cardiac SR is only slightly influenced by ionic strength. In the
      presence of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate (p[NH]ppA), increased pH, and micromolar
      concentration of Ca2+ (which all induce Ca2+ release from SR) binding of
      ryanodine to SR is significantly increased in skeletal muscle, while being
      unchanged in cardiac muscle. Ryanodine binding to skeletal but not to cardiac
      muscle SR is inhibited in the presence of high Ca2+ or Mg2+ concentrations (all
      known to inhibit Ca2+ release from skeletal muscle SR). Ruthenium red or
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide modification of cardiac and skeletal muscle SR inhibit
      Ca2+ release and ryanodine binding in both skeletal and cardiac membranes. These
      results indicate that significant differences exist in the properties of
      ryanodine binding to skeletal or cardiac muscle SR. Our data suggest that
      ryanodine binds preferably to site(s) which are accessible only when the Ca2+
      release channel is in the open state.

PMID- 3355835
TI  - Interactions of cardiac glycosides with cells and membranes. IV. Effects of
      ouabain and bumetanide on 86Rb+ influx in cultured cardiac myocytes from neonatal
      rats.
AB  - Ouabain at nanomolar concentrations stimulates total Rb+ influx by 20 +/- 2% in
      monolayer cultures of myocytes which were either in physiologic ionic steady
      state conditions ('control') or 'loaded with Na+' following exposure to K+-free
      medium. The ouabain-stimulated Rb+ influx was completely abolished by 0.1 mM
      bumetanide both in 'control' and in 'Na+-loaded' myocytes. Thus, addition of
      nanomolar concentrations of ouabain to myocytes markedly stimulate the bumetanide
      sensitive Rb+ influx. This influx was increased up to 3- and 4-fold in 'control'
      and 'Na+-loaded' myocytes, respectively. Ouabain at nanomolar concentrations had
      no significant effect on the component of 86Rb+ influx which is inhibited by
      millimolar concentrations of ouabain (the so called 'ouabain-sensitive' or 'pump
      mediated' Rb+ influx) in 'control' and 'Na+-loaded' cells. It is proposed that
      the increased rates of bumetanide-sensitive Rb+ influx are accompanied by an
      increased bumetanide-sensitive Na+ influx through the Na+/K+ cotransporter and
      thus to a transient increase in intracellular Na+ concentrations [Na+]i. The
      increase in [Na+]i, subsequently causes a transient elevation in [Ca2+]i via the
      Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and may be involved in the regulation of cardiac cells'
      contractility.

PMID- 3355836
TI  - A calorimetric study of the thermotropic behaviour of mixtures of brain
      cerebrosides with other brain lipids.
AB  - We have used a computer-controlled differential scanning calorimeter to determine
      the phases present in mixtures of the brain galactocerebrosides with other
      representative brain lipids. There are two types of brain galactocerebroside,
      those which possess an alpha-hydroxy substituent on the acyl chain (HFA) and
      those that do not (NFA). In the liquid crystalline state both cerebrosides were
      miscible with all the lipids studied, but in the gel state they were immiscible
      with cholesterol and the brain phosphatidylcholines. However, cholesterol
      mixtures in which the cholesterol mole fraction exceeded one third formed
      homogeneous metastable gel states on cooling from above the melting point of the
      cerebroside. Relaxation to the stable two phase state took place slowly over
      several hours. The solubilities of the galactocerebrosides in the other main
      brain sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, were much higher. Only in the case of the NFA
      galactocerebroside and at low mole fractions of sphingomyelin was immiscibility
      detected. Ternary mixtures of the two cerebrosides with sphingomyelin/cholesterol
      and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (PC/Chol) showed different miscibility
      characteristics. On cooling from 80 degrees C all mixtures formed homogeneous gel
      states. However, on standing the cerebrosides separated into discrete gel phases
      in all mixtures but one, that in which HFA galactocerebrosides were mixed with
      sphingomyelin and cholesterol. The cerebroside in the mixture with the
      composition closest to that of myelin, HFA/PC/Chol, melted at 38 degrees C. On
      scanning guinea pig CNS myelin which had been equilibrated at 5 degrees C a
      transition was detected with Tmax 33 degrees C. On the basis of comparison with
      the HFA/PC/Chol mixture we propose that the transition in myelin at this
      temperature is due to the melting of a galactocerebroside gel phase.

PMID- 3355837
TI  - Influence of dolichyl phosphate on permeability and stability of bilayer lipid
      membranes.
AB  - The ionic permeability coefficients, ionic transference numbers, activation
      energy of ion transport and breakdown voltage of bilayer lipid membranes made
      from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine or its mixtures with dolichyl 12-phosphate have
      been studied. The electrical measurements showed that dolichyl phosphate in
      phospholipid bilayers decreases membrane permeability, changes membrane ionic
      selectivity and increases membrane stability. These results are discussed in
      light of the aggregation behavior and the intramolecular clustering of a dolichyl
      phosphate molecule in phospholipid membranes. From our data we suggest that the
      hydrophilic part of dolichyl phosphate molecules regulates their behavior in
      membranes.

PMID- 3355838
TI  - Adrenoferredoxin-binding peptide of NADPH-adrenoferredoxin reductase.
AB  - The amino-acid sequence at the adrenoferredoxin-binding site of NADPH
      adrenoferredoxin reductase ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.18.1.2) from
      bovine adrenocortical mitochondria was investigated chemically. NADPH
      adrenoferredoxin reductase has an essential lysine residue at the
      adrenoferredoxin-binding site. A polypeptide at the adrenoferredoxin-binding site
      was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography from NADPH-adrenoferredoxin
      reductase modified with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and cleaved with cyanogen bromide.
      The amino-acid sequence of the adrenoferredoxin-binding peptide was identified.
      The peptide accounted for 95% of the sugar content of the NADPH-adrenoferredoxin
      reductase.

PMID- 3355840
TI  - Properties and functions of two succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenases from
      Pseudomonas putida.
AB  - Two forms of succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase have been isolated in
      Pseudomonas putida. The two enzymes could be separated by filtration on Sephacryl
      S-300 and their apparent molecular weights were approx. 200,000 and 100,000. The
      smaller enzyme, which is induced by growth on 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, has been
      purified to 88% homogeneity by anion-exchange and affinity chromatography.
      Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate gave rise to a molecular weight of
      53,000, indicating that the native enzyme is dimeric. Under standard assay
      conditions this enzyme acts preferentially with NAD but reduces NADP at 9% of the
      rate observed for NAD. The large enzyme, which is dependent on NADP, is induced
      by growth on putrescine and its induction is highly coordinated with putrescine:
      2-oxoglutarate transaminase, gamma-amino-butyraldehyde dehydrogenase and gamma
      aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate transaminase activities. Activity and stability
      conditions and true Km values for substrate and cosubstrates of the two enzymes
      were determined.

PMID- 3355839
TI  - Spectroscopic and ligand-binding properties of an oxygen-binding heme protein
      from Chromatium vinosum.
AB  - Magnetic circular dichroism spectra were obtained for the oxidized and reduced
      forms of cyanide, azide and carbon monoxide complexes of an O2-binding
      hemeprotein isolated from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, Chronatium
      vinosum. Cyanide binding to the protein, which results in formation of a low-spin
      complex, was highly pH dependent with little complex formation observed at pH
      values near or below 7.

PMID- 3355841
TI  - Conformational study of the antitumor protein alpha-sarcin.
AB  - The antitumor protein alpha-sarcin is a single polypeptide chain produced by the
      mold Aspergillus giganteus. It inhibits protein synthesis in some tumor cells by
      inactivating the larger ribosomal subunit. The secondary structure of the
      molecule has been studied by circular dichroism and predictive methods. The
      protein contains about 40% of periodic structures, mainly located at both
      extremes of the polypeptide chain. beta-Turns and aperiodic conformation appear
      at the central part of the molecule. Two different tyrosine populations have been
      observed in alpha-sarcin. Attempts to correlate solvent accessibility and
      particular protein regions have been carried out by using CD in the near
      ultraviolet region, fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopies as well as
      acrylamide quenching and hydropathy profiles. Five different pH-induced
      conformational transitions are detected. Two of them, at pH 2.5 and 10.2, are
      denaturing transitions. These results are explained in terms of the structural
      features of this molecule, and related to its ribonucleolytic activity and
      ability to cross cell membranes.

PMID- 3355842
TI  - Interaction between cell-binding domain and extracellular matrix-binding domain
      of fibronectin determined by fluorescence depolarization.
AB  - Interaction of domains in fibronectin was observed by photometry of fluorescence
      polarization of three kinds of dye; [N-(1-anilinonaphthyl-4)]maleimide (ANM tau =
      5 ns), [N-(3-fluoranthyl)]maleimide (FAM tau = 20 ns), and [N-(3
      pyrene)]maleimide (PRM tau = 100 ns). Each dye was labeled at a free sulfhydryl
      group in the cell-binding domain. Neither fluorescence of ANM with short
      fluorescent lifetime, FAM with long lifetime, nor PRM with longer fluorescent
      lifetime on fibronectin depolarized as much as the free dye. It was found that
      each dye was firmly fixed in the cell-binding domain. When heparin or gelatin was
      added in the solution of PRM-fibronectin complex, the fluorescence polarization
      tended to increase principally by combining heparin or gelatin to fibronectin. It
      was found that the rotation of whole or partial fibronectin containing the cell
      binding domain through fluorescent lifetime of 100 ns was suppressed by combining
      of heparin or gelatin to fibronectin. When heparin or gelatin was added in the
      solution of ANM- or FAM-fibronectin complex, on the contrary, the fluorescence
      polarization tended to decrease, that is, slightly depolarize through the
      fluorescent lifetime of 5 or 20 ns, respectively. It was found that the rotation
      of the cell-binding domain, or of part of the fibronectin molecule containing the
      domain, was slightly promoted by combining heparin or gelatin to its domain.
      These results indicate that an interaction of the heparin- or gelatin-binding
      domain with the cell-binding domain was induced by the combining of heparin or
      gelatin to the respective domains.

PMID- 3355843
TI  - Purification of cytidine-triphosphate synthetase from rat liver, and
      demonstration of monomer, dimer and tetramer.
AB  - Cytidine-triphosphate synthetase (UTP: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.4.2)
      has been purified over 31,000-fold to homogeneity with 17% recovery from rat
      liver cytosol, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques.
      The presence of CTP synthetase monomer, dimer and tetramer has been demonstrated
      in the ammonium sulfate fraction of rat liver cytosol. By gel-permeation HPLC,
      the molecular weights of the three molecular forms of the enzyme have been
      estimated as 240,000 (tetramer), 120,000 (dimer) and 60,000 (monomer). By gel
      permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel A-1.5m column, the molecular weights of
      dimer and monomer were estimated as 100,000 and 50,000, respectively. The
      molecular weight of the monomeric subunit is determined to be 66,000 by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Monomers isolated fresh from 0-30 (NH4)2SO4
      fraction of rat liver cytosol are enzymatically active. Purified rat liver CTP
      synthetase exhibited sigmoidal kinetic plots as a function of the substrate UTP
      in the presence of the end-product, CTP. Partially purified CTP synthetase
      usually forms an inactive coagulum on freezing and subsequent thawing. Incubation
      of CTP synthetase dimer at 25 degrees C for 1 h in the presence of UTP, ATP and
      Mg2+ resulted in optimum conversion to tetramer with least inactivation. The
      purified tetramer dissociates to dimers when UTP, ATP and Mg2+ are removed by
      dialysis.

PMID- 3355844
TI  - The turnover of lysosomal glycosylasparaginase in rat liver.
AB  - Rat liver glycosylasparaginase (N4-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine
      amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.26) was irreversibly inhibited in vitro by the
      asparagine analogue 5-diazo-4-oxo-L-norvaline (DONV). Following the abolition of
      this lysosomal hydrolase by DONV in rats, the enzyme activity in liver recovered
      exponentially. Assuming a zero order rate of protein synthesis, the half-life of
      the glycosylasparaginase in rat liver was measured to be 2 days.

PMID- 3355845
TI  - In situ determination of the functional size of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by radiation inactivation analysis.
AB  - Radiation inactivation analysis of liver pieces yielded a target size of 210 kDa
      for hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase [S)
      mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating), EC 1.1.1.34) from rats fed a
      normal diet. Feeding a diet containing mevinolin and colestipol, which causes a
      marked increase in enzyme activity, resulted in a reduction of the target size to
      120 kDa. These results are consistent with those obtained by radiation
      inactivation and immunoblotting analysis of isolated microsomes and suggest that
      the increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity caused by these dietary agents is
      accompanied by a change from a dimer to a monomer form of the enzyme.

PMID- 3355846
TI  - Probucol reduces the rate of association of apolipoprotein C-III with
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The effect of low concentrations of probucol and cholesterol on the association
      of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine with human plasma apolipoprotein C-III was
      studied. Liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine with or without probucol or
      cholesterol were prepared by swelling the lipids in buffer at 37 degrees C. The
      association of apolipoprotein C-III with the liposomes was determined at 24
      degrees C by measuring the rate of clearing of turbidity at 400 nm following
      addition of protein. At a weight ratio of probucol/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
      of 1:25 (5 mol% probucol), the rate of clearing of liposomes was decreased by
      60%; 5 mol% cholesterol had no effect on the clearing rate. Liposomes were then
      added to the preformed apolipoprotein C-III/lipid micelles. In the absence of
      probucol, the added liposomes cleared rapidly regardless of the presence or
      absence of cholesterol. With 5 mol% probucol, almost no decrease in absorbance
      was noted on addition of liposomes to the micelles. These data show that probucol
      reduces the rate of association of an apolipoprotein with lipid and suggests that
      the interaction of probucol with lipid may modify the assembly and/or metabolism
      of lipoproteins.

PMID- 3355847
TI  - Membrane-bound lipoprotein lipase on human monocyte-derived macrophages:
      localization by immunocolloidal gold technique.
AB  - Macrophages from both rodent and human sources have been shown to produce
      lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the enzyme activity of which can be measured in culture
      media and in cellular homogenates. The studies reported here show the presence of
      LPL on the surface of human monocyte-derived macrophages. An inhibitory
      monoclonal antibody to human LPL was used for cellular and immunoelectron
      microscopy studies. This antibody is a competitive inhibitor of LPL hydrolysis of
      triacylglycerol but does not inhibit LPL hydrolysis of a water-soluble substrate,
      p-nitrophenyl acetate. Furthermore, when postheparin plasma was mixed with
      monoclonal antibody prior to gel filtration on 6% agarose, the LPL activity
      eluted with the lipoproteins and was not inhibited by the antibody. These studies
      suggest that the antibody recognized the lipid/lipoprotein binding site of the
      LPL molecule. Membrane-bound LPL was demonstrated on human monocyte-derived
      macrophages using colloidal gold-protein A to detect the monoclonal antibody to
      LPL. The surface colloidal gold was randomly distributed with a surface density
      of 56,700 gold particles per cell. Control cells cultured in heparin-containing
      media (10 units/ml) or cells reacted with anti-hepatic triacylglycerol lipase
      monoclonal IgG or nonimmune mouse IgG did not exhibit membrane binding of protein
      A-gold. Macrophages were incubated with control and monoclonal anti-LPL IgGs and
      125I-labeled anti-mouse IgG F(ab')2. Heparin-releasable membrane-bound anti-LPL
      antibody was demonstrated. These studies demonstrate the presence of LPL on the
      surface of human monocyte-derived macrophages, such that the LPL is oriented with
      its lipid-binding portion (recognized by this antibody) exposed. Membrane
      associated LPL may be important in the interaction and subsequent uptake of lipid
      and lipoproteins by macrophages and in the generation of atherosclerotic foam
      cells.

PMID- 3355848
TI  - Screening of preduodenal lipases in several mammals.
AB  - The tissular localization of preduodenal lipases was studied from the tongue to
      the pyloric portion of the stomach in 11 mammals. Lipolytic activities were
      clearly differentiated from those of pancreas. All lipase activities show an
      acidic pH optimum, except the gastric enzyme from hog. For every mammal tested,
      preduodenal lipase activity was associated mainly with only a single tissue
      located either in tongue, or in the pharyngeal area, or in the stomach.
      Resistance to acidic pH medium allows the classification of lipase activities
      into three groups. These results are related to the dietary habits and zoologic
      classification of the different animal species.

PMID- 3355849
TI  - Ascites fluid lipoproteins in experimental nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Lipoprotein content and composition were studied in ascites fluid of puromycin
      aminonucleoside-nephrotic rats. All of the lipoprotein density classes were found
      in ascites fluid. Protein levels compared to plasma were: very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL, d less than 1.006), 1.2%; intermediate density lipoprotein
      (IDL, 1.006 less than d less than 1.02), 2.6%; low density lipoprotein (LDL, 1.02
      less than d less than 1.063), 1.0%; and high density lipoprotein (HDL, 1.063 less
      than d less than 1.21), 1.1%. The predominant protein in ascites fluid was
      albumin, present at 1.9% of the plasma level. Radioiodinated VLDL and HDL
      injected intravenously into nephrotic rats appeared in lipoprotein fractions of
      the ascites fluid. VLDL and IDL triacylglycerol content and particle diameter
      were low compared with plasma particles, suggesting peritoneal triacylglycerol
      lipase activity; such lipase activity could account for the increased proportion
      of LDL in the ascites fluid. Ascites fluid LDL and HDL phospholipid and free
      cholesterol were high and cholesteryl ester was low. Ascites lipoproteins
      contained the same apolipoproteins as plasma, but in different proportions.
      Ascites VLDL had higher apolipoprotein B and lower apolipoprotein E, while LDL
      and HDL had higher apolipoprotein E. Ascites HDL could be separated by heparin
      Sepharose affinity column chromatography into a retained and a non-retained
      fraction, while nearly all nephrotic plasma HDL was non-retained. These data
      suggest that modification of ascites fluid lipoproteins occurs prior to their
      entry into the lymph and return to the blood, perhaps mediated by peritoneal
      macrophages.

PMID- 3355851
TI  - Sex differences in fatty acid composition of rat liver phosphatidylcholine are
      regulated by the plasma pattern of growth hormone.
AB  - The effects of continuous and intermittent (at 12 h intervals) administration of
      growth hormone (GH), and the effects of gonadal steroids on the regulation of the
      fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine were studied in
      gonadectomized and hypophysectomized adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Gonadal
      steroids have been shown to influence the fatty acid composition of liver
      phosphatidylcholine in the rat. It is shown in the present study that neither
      testosterone nor estradiol had any effects on liver phosphatidylcholine in
      hypophysectomized rats. There was a 'masculinizing' effect of hypophysectomy of
      female rats on the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine (i.e., an
      increase in the proportion of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids and a decrease
      in the proportion of stearic and arachidonic acids). Continuous infusion of human
      GH and bovine GH partly reversed the 'masculinizing' effect of hypophysectomy. In
      contrast, there were no effects of intermittent administration of human GH. Also,
      there was no effect of prolactin infusion. It is concluded that the sexually
      dimorphic secretory pattern of GH may be involved in the regulation of the sexual
      differentiation of the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine in the
      rat.

PMID- 3355850
TI  - Hydrolysis of 1-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a common
      precursor of platelet-activating factor and eicosanoids, by human platelet
      phospholipase A2.
AB  - The metabolism of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid is linked
      through the common intermediate 1-alkyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine (alkylarachidonoyl-GPC). Hydrolysis of alkylarachidonoyl-GPC by
      phospholipase A2 may initiate the biosynthesis of both PAF and eicosanoids, since
      alkyllyso-GPC is formed for acetylation to PAF and arachidonic acid is liberated
      for conversion to biologically active metabolites. In order to elucidate the
      regulation and functional role of human platelet phospholipase A2 in the pathway
      leading to the formation of both classes of lipid mediators, we have
      characterized its action upon alkylarachidonoyl-GPC. Human platelet phospholipase
      A2 was solubilized and then partially purified in the presence of n-octyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside (octyl glucoside). Hexadecylarachidonoyl-GPC was prepared
      biosynthetically using platelet sonicates, purified by two-step high-performance
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) and suspended in buffer by sonication. Our results
      indicate that deacylation of alkylarachidonoyl-GPC by platelet phospholipase A2
      has an absolute requirement for Ca2+. It occurs at submicromolar concentrations
      of free Ca2+ and exhibits a biphasic Ca2+-dependence with activity plateaus at 10
      microM and 2 mM. Phospholipase A2-mediated hydrolysis of alkylarachidonoyl-GPC is
      increased 2-fold by albumin and is enhanced 5-fold if 1,2-dioleoylglycerol is
      incorporated into the substrate dispersion. The substrate dependence and
      specificity of platelet phospholipase A2 for 1-alkyl- vs. 1-acyl-linked
      subclasses of arachidonic acid containing phosphatidylcholine was examined with 1
      O-hexadecyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (hexadecylarachidonoyl
      GPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
      (palmitoylarachidonoyl-GPC). We found that the substrates were deacylated
      equivalently. We conclude that, in stimulated platelets, in the presence of
      increased levels of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and newly generated diacylglycerol,
      alkylarachidonoyl-GPC may be rapidly hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2 and may serve
      as a precursor of both PAF and eicosanoids.

PMID- 3355852
TI  - In vitro inhibition of lysosomal phospholipase A1 of rat lung by amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone.
AB  - Amiodarone causes phospholipid storage in the lysosomes of various types of lung
      cell in animals and man. It has been proposed that this is due to its ability to
      inhibit lysosomal phospholipase A. To investigate this further, a crude lysosomal
      fraction from rat lung was prepared and phospholipase A was isolated and its
      positional specificity was determined. Analysis of the products formed after
      incubation with 2-[1-14C]oleoylphosphatidylcholine showed that only phospholipase
      A1 activity is present. This soluble preparation of lung lysosomal phospholipase
      A1 was used to study inhibition by amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, in vitro.
      Both were extremely potent inhibitors of the lung acid phospholipase A1. To
      evaluate the levels of amiodarone in lung lysosomes, rats were treated with the
      agent for 3 days and the combined mitochondrial/lysosomal fraction of lung tissue
      was prepared by differential centrifugation. This fraction had been shown
      previously to be highly enriched in amiodarone. Purified mitochondria and
      lysosomes were isolated from the combined mitochondrial/lysosomal fraction with
      Percoll gradients and analyzed for their drug content by HPLC. Amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone were present in roughly equal amounts, relative to protein, in
      mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively. Amiodarone appears to differ from other
      cationic amphiphilic drugs which cause lipidosis because the latter are more
      highly lysosomotropic. Although amiodarone does not appear to be highly
      lysosomotropic in lung, it causes lysosomal phospholipid storage because of its
      ability to concentrate in lung and because it inhibits lysosomal phospholipase A
      to a much greater extent than other cationic amphiphiles such as
      diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, chloroquine and chlorphentermine.

PMID- 3355853
TI  - The partitioning of fatty acid and cholesterol between core and surfaces of
      phosphatidylcholine-triolein emulsions at pH 7.4.
AB  - Fatty acids are important intermediate molecules in lipid metabolism. During
      lipolysis of intracellular lipid droplets or plasma triacylglycerol-rich
      lipoproteins, fatty acids are generated and may transiently accumulate. We
      therefore studied the distribution of both fatty acid and free cholesterol
      between the core and surface of phosphatidylcholine-triolein emulsions at pH 7.4.
      Nine emulsion systems containing 0.8 to 6.6% cholesterol and 0.16 to 1.02% oleic
      acid were formed, and core and surface phases were isolated. Phospholipid
      distributes only to the surface phase. The distribution coefficient of
      cholesterol surface to core was 23.9 +/- 3.6 S.D., i.e., there was approx. 24
      times more cholesterol per unit mass in the surface than in the core phase. This
      distribution was unchanged by the presence of different quantities of fatty acid
      in the emulsion particles. The apparent distribution coefficient of fatty acid in
      surface to core was about 10 at low cholesterol contents and fell to about 7 at
      high cholesterol contents. However, when the apparent distribution coefficient of
      fatty acid was related only to the phospholipid component of the surface, the
      apparent distribution coefficient was constant at about 12.3 +/- 1.1 S.D. Since
      the fatty acid in the surface phase is about half ionized the true distribution
      coefficient of unionized fatty acids is about 6.2. The results indicate that
      fatty acids partition into the phospholipid domains of the surface and not into
      cholesterol domains and the distribution of fatty acids into surface phospholipid
      domain is not affected by cholesterol content.

PMID- 3355854
TI  - Turnover and uptake of double-labelled high-density lipoprotein sphingomyelin in
      the adult rat.
AB  - Rat HDL containing [stearic acid-14C, (methyl-3H)choline]sphingomyelin was
      prepared by incubating labelled sphingomyelin liposomes with serum. HDL was then
      separated by ultracentrifugation and purified by gel-filtration chromatography.
      The maximum transfer was reached when 1.5 microliter sphingomyelin was incubated
      in the presence of 1 ml of serum at 37 degrees C for 1 h. When transfer was
      limited to a 5-7% increase in HDL mass, no significant change was observed in the
      HDL electrophoretic pattern, and rats could therefore be injected with this type
      of HDL under physiological conditions. Plasma radioactivity decay was followed
      for 24 h, and the recovery of both isotopes in 11 tissues was studied 24 h after
      the injection. The decay in plasma of both isotopes followed three exponential
      phases. During the first two phases, both isotopes disappeared with the same
      velocity (t1/2 = 12.8 and 98-105 min for the first and second phases,
      respectively). 10 h after injection, 3H had disappeared more slowly than 14C
      (t1/2 = 862 and 502 min for 3H and 14C, respectively) and 24 h after injection,
      only 1.5% of 14C and 2.5% of 3H remained in the plasma. This radioactivity was
      located mainly in HDL (80-85% for 3H and 14C), with a 3H/14C ratio close to that
      of injected sphingomyelin, and in VLDL, with the same isotopic ratio as that of
      liver lipids. Some 3H was associated with non-lipoprotein proteins. 17.5% of 3H
      and 23.4% of 14C were recovered in the liver, 1.6% of each isotope in
      erythrocytes, and 1.4% of 3H and 0.6% of 14C in kidney. Less than 1% of each
      isotope was recovered in each of the other tissues. Phosphatidylcholine was the
      lipid most labelled, and in several tissues sphingomyelin had a 3H/14C ratio
      close to that of injected sphingomyelin, showing an uptake without prior
      hydrolysis.

PMID- 3355855
TI  - Energy metabolism of sea urchin spermatozoa, with phosphatidylcholine as the
      preferred substrate.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine content in the spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus
      pulcherrimus, decreased rapidly during incubation with sea water. Sea urchin
      sperm contained approx. 85% phospholipid in total lipid. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
      was the principal lipid. Other phospholipids, however, remained at constant
      levels during incubation. Although the free fatty acid content gradually
      increased following dilution of dry sperm in sea water, the amounts of
      triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester were extremely low. Analysis by gas-liquid
      chromatography indicated most of fatty acid moieties in PC to be polyenoic. PC
      composed in part of unsaturated fatty acids was consumed to a greater extent
      during incubation than that consisting of saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, 1
      palmitoyl-2-[1-14C]linoleoylphosphatidylcholine was transformed to 14C-labelled
      free fatty acid in a subcellular system. Thus, possibly, phospholipase A2 is
      present in sea urchin sperm. Also, [1-14C]oleic acid was immediately oxidized to
      14CO2 by sperm. It is thus concluded that sea urchin sperm use
      phosphatidylcholine as a substrate for energy metabolism.

PMID- 3355856
TI  - Aminoacylase I from hog kidney: anion effects and the pH dependence of kinetic
      parameters.
AB  - The hydrolysis of acetylamino acids by highly purified hog kidney aminoacylase I
      (N-acylamino acid amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated using flow
      injection analysis to determine reaction rates. We show that the distinctly bell
      shaped pH versus activity profiles observed in previous studies do not reflect
      protonic equilibria in the enzyme, but were created by buffer effects. At low pH,
      anions such as phosphate, nitrate or chloride markedly increase Km. These effects
      are reversed at higher pH. In zwitterionic 'Good' buffers (Mes, Mops, and
      Bicine), maximal velocities are almost independent of pH between 6.5 and 9 for
      all substrates studied (Ac-LAla, Ac-LGlu, Ac-LMet, Ac-LPhe). Below pH 6.5, the
      catalytic constants decrease with pH, apparently due to the protonation of a
      carboxylate with a pKa of 5.5-6. The pH dependence of Km markedly varies among
      different substates. We conclude that the observed profiles all result from the
      dissociation of an active-site residue with a pKa of 8-8.5, which we tentatively
      identify as an active-site cysteine residue. A working model of aminoacylase
      catalysis is presented that accounts for most of the known facts.

PMID- 3355857
TI  - Sex difference in the saturable binding of low-density lipoprotein by liver
      membranes in ageing rats.
AB  - It is well documented that women of child-bearing age tend to have lower serum
      low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations than men. In order to explore the
      metabolic basis of this sex difference, we have compared the saturable binding of
      125I-labeled LDL (d 1.02-1.05 g/ml) at 37 degrees C by liver membranes from
      healthy male and female Wistar rats of different ages (15-213 days). Woolf plots
      of saturable binding curves over the concentration range 15-65 micrograms LDL
      protein/ml were linear and compatible with a single class of binding sites.
      Maximum binding capacity (Bmax) was not significantly different in male and
      female animals of 15-19 days of age (respectively, 0.331 +/- 0.018 vs. 0.427 +/-
      0.044 micrograms LDL protein/mg membrane protein, mean +/- S.E.). Thereafter,
      Bmax increased in females, reaching a peak of 0.635 +/- 0.042 micrograms LDL
      protein/mg membrane protein at 60 days. As no increase in Bmax occurred in males,
      values were significantly higher (P less than 0.02) in females than in males (by
      a mean of 61-117%) at all ages after 30 days. During ageing, serum cholesterol
      concentration changed reciprocally with Bmax in females (Pearson's correlation
      coefficient, r = -0.761, P less than 0.01) and remained essentially constant in
      males. The equilibrium dissociation constant for 125I-labelled LDL binding to the
      hepatic membranes was unaffected by both age and sex. These results provide
      evidence that the sex difference in the plasma total and LDL cholesterol
      concentrations is related, at least in part, to a greater mean LDL receptor
      density in the livers of females.

PMID- 3355858
TI  - Adenosine transporters in chromaffin cells: subcellular distribution and
      characterization.
AB  - Adenosine transporters in freshly isolated and cultured chromaffin cells were
      quantified by the [3H]dipyridamole binding technique, showing a maximal bound
      capacity of 0.4 +/- 0.05 pmol/10(6) cells (240,000 +/- 20,000 transporters by
      cell). Scatchard analysis showed a similar affinity for [3H]dipyridamole in
      isolated cells and subcellular fractions (Kd = 5 +/- 0.6 nM). For enriched plasma
      membrane preparations and chromaffin granule membranes, the maximal binding
      capacities were also very similar, 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.4 pmol/mg protein,
      respectively. When [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine was employed as a radioligand, the
      maximal bound capacity in cultured chromaffin cells was 0.053 +/- 0.004
      pmol/10(6) cells (32,000 +/- 3000 transporters per cell) with a high affinity
      constant (Kd = 0.25 +/- 0.03 nM); similar values were obtained in all subcellular
      fractions (Kd = 0.1 +/- 0.01). Also, plasma and chromaffin granule membranes
      showed similar maximal binding values (0.4 +/- 0.06 pmol/mg protein).
      Photoincorporation studies with [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine into plasma membrane
      polypeptides showed the presence of three molecular species of 115 +/- 10; 58 +/-
      6 and 42 +/- 5 kDa. Chromaffin granule membranes showed only the 105 +/- 9 and 51
      +/- 4 molecular species.

PMID- 3355859
TI  - Association of purified thyroid lysosomes to reconstituted microtubules.
AB  - We report the characteristics of the interaction between reconstituted
      microtubules and purified thyroid lysosomes. Microtubules were extracted from pig
      brain by temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly and labelled with 125I by
      conjugation with the Bolton-Hunter reagent. Thyroid lysosomes were purified from
      pig thyroid by isopycnic centrifugation on Percoll gradients. The formation of
      microtubule-lysosome complexes has been studied by electron microscopy, using
      negative staining, and by differential centrifugation. The association of
      lysosomes to microtubules is time- and temperature-dependent (between 25 degrees
      C and 37 degrees C). The rate of microtubule-lysosome complex formation is
      related to the concentration of lysosomes. The higher the lysosome concentration
      is, the higher also is the rate of the interaction. Changes in microtubule
      concentration merely alter the amount of complex formed; there is a linear
      relationship between the amount of complexes and the microtubule concentration.
      However, lysosomes seem to possess a limited number of 'microtubule-binding
      sites', since a saturation of the complex formation can be obtained at high
      microtubule concentration. Two main types of complex have been observed by
      electron microscopy on negatively stained samples; simple complexes composed of a
      lysosome in close contact with a microtubule and complexes formed by a lysosome
      surrounded by several microtubules. The formation of microtubule-lysosome
      complexes was totally inhibited in the presence of 100 microM N-ethylmaleimide;
      the rate of the interaction was slightly increased in the presence of
      dithiothreitol (25-100 microM). The interaction we describe here in an acellular
      system might be relevant to the association of lysosomes to microtubules observed
      in intact cells (Collot, M., Louvard D. and Singer S.J. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad.
      Sci. USA 81, 788-792) and will constitute a useful model to study the regulation
      mechanisms of microtubule-vesicle interaction.

PMID- 3355860
TI  - Regulation of phosphate metabolism in human red cells following prolonged
      incubation to steady state in vitro.
AB  - Human red cells were incubated aseptically in vitro for 24 or 48 h to allow the
      cellular concentrations of orthophosphate (Pi) and organic phosphates to attain
      steady state. In plasma at pH 7.0-8.0, the transmembrane Pi concentration ratio R
      (cellular Pi/plasma Pi) decreased with increasing pH, with a slope which was 2.7
      times greater than that predicted if Pi simply distributed passively across the
      cell membrane. The concentration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), the most
      abundant cytosolic organic phosphate, decreased at acidic pH and increased at
      alkaline pH, but stabilised at these values after 24 h. Therefore, while net
      generation or consumption of Pi by 2,3-BPG may initially have contributed to the
      steep dependence of R on pH, some other factor must have maintained this anomaly
      after 24 h. In plasma in which the Pi concentration was increased from 1 to 2.5
      mM, the cellular Pi concentration increased from 0.6 to only 1.0 mmol/l cells,
      and 2,3-BPG increased by less than 20%. Thus, cellular Pi and 2,3-BPG
      concentrations seemed to be buffered or regulated in the face of changes in
      extracellular Pi. However, this regulation failed in a Pi-free balanced salt
      solution, as the 2,3-BPG concentration declined to half that observed in freshly
      drawn blood, although cell Pi remained at about 0.3 mM. Incubation in Pi-free
      solution with ouabain for 24 h to decrease the transmembrane sodium gradient, or
      incubation for 2 h in the absence of sodium, decreased this residual cellular Pi
      by about 20%, but did not abolish it. In Pi-free solution, but not with 1 mM Pi,
      cellular Pi increased when passive transmembrane Pi leakage was inhibited with 4
      acetamido-4'-iso-thiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate (SITS). We conclude that
      red cell Pi concentration cannot be explained fully by passive transmembrane
      distribution of Pi, nor by changes in 2,3-BPG, and that part of the anomaly may
      arise from sodium-linked active Pi transport.

PMID- 3355861
TI  - Net fluxes of orthophosphate across the plasma membrane in human red cells
      following alteration of pH and extracellular Pi concentration.
AB  - Even though net fluxes of Pi (orthophosphate) across the cell membrane may be
      important in clinical disorders involving the abnormal extracellular Pi
      concentration, in acid-base disturbances, and in the responses of some cells to
      hormones, relatively few studies have been made of these fluxes, owing to the
      complexities of interpretation. Here we have studied net fluxes in response to
      changes in extracellular pH and Pi concentration in the simple case of the human
      red cell. The permeability of the cell membrane to net Pi fluxes was described in
      terms of a first-order rate constant, epsilon. By means of a mathematical model,
      it was possible to discriminate between transmembrane Pi movement, net
      intracellular generation or consumption of Pi by organic phosphates, and
      extracellular generation of Pi from the cells lysing during the experiment. We
      show that net Pi influx into the cell during experimental alkalosis was probably
      driven by net consumption of Pi by organic phosphates, and that this was reversed
      during acidosis. Inhibition of net Pi influx by 4-acetamido-4'
      isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate (SITS) suggests that, like Pi self
      exchange, net influx is at least partly mediated by the band 3 transport protein.
      Unexpectedly, epsilon increased from 2 h-1 at extracellular pH 7.4 to approx. 7 h
      1 at pH 7.8. From the value of epsilon at pH 7.4, we conclude that the apparent
      buffering or regulation of steady-state Pi concentrations, previously reported in
      red cells in vitro, was not an artifact of intracellular generation of Pi from
      organic phosphates.

PMID- 3355862
TI  - Non-transferrin donors of iron for heme synthesis in immature erythroid cells.
AB  - The mechanism of iron uptake from several iron-containing compounds by
      transferrin-depleted rabbit reticulocytes and mouse spleen erythroid cells was
      investigated. Iron complexes of DL-penicillamine, citrate and six different aroyl
      hydrazones may be utilized by immature erythroid cells for hemoglobin synthesis,
      although less efficiently than iron from transferrin. HTF-14, a monoclonal
      antibody against human transferrin, reacts with rabbit transferrin and inhibits
      iron uptake and heme synthesis by rabbit reticulocytes. HTF-14 had no significant
      effect on iron uptake and heme synthesis when non-transferrin donors of iron were
      examined. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) increases intracellular pH and blocks the
      release or utilization of iron from the internalized transferrin. NH4Cl only
      slightly affected iron incorporation and heme synthesis from non-transferrin
      donors of iron. Hemin inhibited transferrin iron uptake and heme synthesis, but
      had a much lesser effect on iron incorporation and heme synthesis from non
      transferrin donors of iron. These results allow us to conclude that transferrin
      depleted reticulocytes take up iron from all of the examined non-transferrin iron
      donors without the involvement of the transferrin/transferrin receptor pathway.

PMID- 3355863
TI  - Subcellular distribution of recently absorbed iron and of transferrin in the
      mouse duodenal mucosa.
AB  - A successful method for the analytical subcellular fractionation of mouse
      duodenal mucosa organelles was established. 59Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetate (pH 7.2)
      was injected into tied-off duodenal segments in vivo and, after 2-20 min, mucosal
      homogenates were subjected to subcellular fractionation. Radioactivity was
      recovered in the cytosolic fractions and in the gradient at a density of 1.18
      1.20 g/ml. Enhanced iron absorption was achieved by placing the animals in a
      hypobaric chamber for 3 days. These animals had a higher proportion of
      particulate 59Fe compared to controls. Homogenisation in sucrose medium
      containing the selective plasma membrane perturbant digitonin shifted the
      particulate iron fraction to a higher density region of the gradient indicating a
      localisation of the iron binding site to the plasma membrane region of the
      mucosal cells. No significant radioactive iron was observed in the brush-border
      region of the gradient. Transferrin immunoreactivity was found only in the
      cytosolic region of the gradient and was not associated with any organelle.

PMID- 3355864
TI  - Requirement of the collagenous domain for carbohydrate processing and secretion
      of a surfactant protein, SP-A.
AB  - Two distinct intracellular forms of surfactant protein Mr = 35,000 (SP-A) were
      demonstrated in both purified type II epithelial cells and rat lung in vivo. High
      mannose precursors of Mr = 30,000 and 34,000 comprised a significant fraction of
      intracellular SP-A in vivo and in vitro. A second intracellular pool was
      demonstrated in lamellar body enriched fractions, which contained endoglycosidase
      H resistant, sialylated forms of SP-A. Intracellular transport and secretion of
      SP-A was not altered by inhibitors of carbohydrate processing. However,
      incubation of type II cells with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl or cis-4-hydroxy-L
      proline, agents which disrupt triple-helix formation within collagenous peptide
      domains, inhibited sialylation, intracellular transport to the lamellar body
      fraction and secretion. In the presence of either alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl or cis-4
      hydroxy-L-proline, high mannose precursors accumulated intracellularly and were
      not secreted after 16-18 h. Thus, high-mannose precursors in proximal
      intracellular pool(s) and sialylated forms in lamellar body-enriched fractions
      represent two major intracellular storage forms of SP-A in vitro and in vivo. SP
      A is routed by processes dependent upon the hydroxylation of the collagenous
      domain of the polypeptide. Transport and secretion of SP-A are not dependent upon
      the addition or processing of asparagine-linked carbohydrate.

PMID- 3355865
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function during the first month of life.
AB  - In order to assess possible changes in myocardial relaxation occurring during the
      neonatal period, M-mode echocardiograms were recorded serially in 9 normal term
      infants and in another group of 10 one-month-old infants. The tracings were
      studied with an M-mode calculator. Although individual variations were greater in
      the data collected during the first 24 h, no significant difference was found in
      the indices of diastolic function of the left ventricle during the first 4 days
      of age. The following changes were observed between data recorded at 4 days and 1
      month, respectively: normalized peak rate of left ventricle filling, 4.03 vs.
      4.71 cm/s; diastolic peak velocity of early posterior motion of aortic root, 1.89
      vs. 5.15 cm/s; peak velocity of left ventricle posterior wall motion in diastole,
      3.31 vs. 3.50 cm/s; mitral valve EF slope, 59.05 vs. 84.92 mm/s; left ventricle
      isometric relaxation time, 43.88 vs. 28.50 ms. IN CONCLUSION: (1) greater
      individual variations are observed in indices of left ventricle diastolic
      function during the first day of life, and (2) significant increase in left
      ventricle compliance occurs during the first month of life. These changes should
      play a critical role in the clinical course of newborn with cardiopulmonary
      disease.

PMID- 3355866
TI  - The ontogeny of serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen
      in the premature human infant.
AB  - We evaluated the development of the exocrine pancreas in 16 healthy preterm
      infants (29.3 +/- 1.6 weeks). The infants were fed breast milk with formula
      supplements (n = 8) or formula alone (n = 8). Growth was monitored weekly for 12
      weeks then at 3, 6, 9, 12 months. At the same intervals sera were determined for
      pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen. In addition, cord blood samples were
      analysed from another 33 preterm (27.6 +/- 5.2 weeks) and 75 healthy full-term
      infants. Serum pancreatic lipase in the cord blood of term (3.7 +/- 0.4
      micrograms/l) and preterm infants (1.8 +/- 0.2 micrograms/l) was significantly
      below values reported for older children (10.5 +/- 0.9 micrograms/l; p less than
      0.001). In the preterm infant, serum lipase was also significantly lower than
      values obtained at term (p less than 0.001). At birth, serum trypsinogen for
      preterm (16.8 +/- 1.3 micrograms/l) and term infants (23.3 +/- 1.9 micrograms/l)
      were below those for older children (31.4 +/- 3.7 micrograms/l; p less than
      0.05). Over the first 3 weeks of life, serum lipase and trypsinogen increased
      significantly. From 3 weeks to 12 months of age, serum trypsinogen values
      remained unchanged, but serum lipase increased dramatically after 10 weeks of
      age. Thus, at 6 and 12 months of age, the preterm infants had significantly
      higher serum lipase values than infants of the same age born at term. These two
      pancreatic enzymes appear to show independent age-related maturation in infants
      born before term. The rate of maturation of lipase appears to be accelerated by
      exposure to the extrauterine environment.

PMID- 3355867
TI  - Arginine vasotocin and a novel oxytocin-vasotocin-like material in plasma of
      human newborns.
AB  - Plasma of human adults contains an oxytocin, vasotocin-like (OT-VT)
      immunoreactive material that is estrogen responsive in both males and females and
      the levels of which are elevated during pregnancy. Although OT-VT is
      immunoreactive with an antiserum raised against synthetic arginine vasotocin
      (AVT), the elution profile of OT-VT by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) is distinct from AVT, arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT). Because
      the fetus is also exposed to high estrogen levels during pregnancy and AVT has
      been reported to be present in human fetal pituitaries, cord blood samples from
      16 vaginally delivered human newborn infants were examined for evidence of OT-VT
      and AVT. Analysis of an extracted pool of cord blood plasma by HPLC revealed 4
      peaks (I-IV) of AVT-like immunoreactivity. Peaks II and IV coeluted with
      synthetic AVP and OT, respectively, and were attributable to cross-reaction of
      the AVT antiserum with these peptides. Peak I was identified as AVT on the basis
      of its coelution with synthetic AVT. Peak III eluted in a manner identical with
      OT-VT. These results indicate that human newborn plasma contains at least three
      neurohypophysial peptides, AVP, OT and AVT. Additionally, newborn plasma contains
      an AVT-like immunoreactive material that is distinct from AVT, AVP and OT, but is
      identical with a novel OT-VT material observed in plasma of estrogen-primed
      adults. The physiological significance of AVT and OT-VT in newborn plasma remains
      to be determined.

PMID- 3355868
TI  - Clearance of treatment doses of surfactant. Effect of lipid extraction and
      aggregate sizes.
AB  - Three-day-old rabbits were given intratracheal injections with a variety of
      surfactants at doses of about 100 mg lipid/kg, doses commonly used in clinical
      trials of surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome. Calf and sheep natural
      surfactants isolated by centrifugation of alveolar washes were compared with
      Surfactant-TA and two aggregate sizes of lipid solvent extracted sheep surfactant
      by measuring the percent recoveries of labeled phosphatidylcholine in alveolar
      washes and lung tissue at times to 48 h after surfactant injection. Surfactant-TA
      and the lipid extracted surfactants did not contain the 28 to 35-kdalton
      surfactant protein. All surfactants had similar linear clearance rates from the
      total lung (alveolar wash plus lung tissue), independent of species source,
      extraction with lipid solvents, or aggregate sizes of the phospholipids in
      suspension. There were no metabolic consequences to lipid extraction, the loss of
      28-35 kdaltons of protein, or changes in aggregate sizes of surfactant lipids
      when injected in treatment doses into the airways of 3-day-old rabbits.

PMID- 3355869
TI  - Metabolism of mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in fetal, neonatal and adult rat
      liver.
AB  - The aim of the investigation was to study to what extent maturity influences the
      metabolism of mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), the primary metabolite of the
      plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The conversion of MEHP to its (omega-1)
      hydroxylated product was determined in liver microsomes from fetal, neonatal (1-
      and 5-day-old) and adult rats. Product formation was determined by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that fetal and neonatal as
      well as adult rat livers are capable of metabolizing MEHP by (omega-1)
      hydroxylation. Preparations from 1- and 5-day-old rats were much more efficient
      than those from fetal rats. The transition into adult life gave no further
      increase in hydroxylase activity as compared to that in 5-day-old rats. The work
      shows that there is a rapid postnatal development of MEHP (omega-1)-hydroxylase
      activity in the rat.

PMID- 3355870
TI  - Development of luminal protein digestion in suckling and weanling rats.
AB  - Because previous measurements of early postnatal, small intestinal fluid,
      proteolytic activity in man and animals have been contradictory, we characterized
      the development of luminal protein digestion using a sensitive assay in which
      iodinated bovine casein was incubated in vitro at 37 degrees C with luminal fluid
      flushed from the stomach and small intestine of 12-day-old suckling and 31-day
      old weanling rats, followed by measurement of radioactivity in trichloroacetic
      acid-soluble material. Gastric proteolysis at pH 3.2 in the weanling rat was
      approximately 50-fold greater than that in the suckling rat. Analysis of stomach
      fluid acid-soluble casein degradation products of weanling rats by chromatography
      on G-50 Sephadex in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed three peaks
      of radioactivity comprising 65, 18 and 12% of the total product in order of
      elution. In the jejunum at neutral pH, the proteolytic capacity of the weanling
      rat was approximately five times that of the suckling rat; such differences were
      more pronounced in the ileum, however, in which protein hydrolysis of weanling
      rats was 30-fold higher than that in the suckling rat. In the suckling rat, small
      intestine proteolytic activity was greater in the jejunum than in the ileum, but
      in the weanling rat greater protein hydrolysis was present in the ileum. Gel
      filtration analysis of reaction products in both intestinal segments and at both
      ages demonstrated two peaks, which constituted 60-70 and 15-23% of the acid
      soluble material in order of elution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3355871
TI  - In vivo effects of glucocorticoid excess on the contents of the rat fetal liver
      in erythroid progenitors.
AB  - Following a laparotomy of the pregnant rat at 12 days of gestation, erythroid
      cell suspensions prepared from the fetal livers at 14 days contained an increased
      proportion of progenitor cells forming colonies after 2 or 7 days of culture.
      When laparotomy was performed at 14 days and the fetal livers were sampled at 16
      days, the opposite effects were observed. Injection of 0.25 mg/kg dexamethasone
      to the 12 days pregnant rat increased the proportion of erythroid progenitors in
      suspensions from 14 days fetal livers; injection of 10 mg/kg (a long-acting dose)
      produced the opposite effects. Both the composition of the erythroid cell line
      and its environment change between 12 and 14 days, and these modifications might
      explain the inversion of glucocorticoid effects between these two stages.

PMID- 3355872
TI  - Age-related changes in the kinetics of iron absorption across the guinea pig
      proximal intestine in vivo.
AB  - In the healthy human adult, body iron content is regulated by intestinal iron
      absorption. However in neonates who are iron replete, iron absorption is
      inappropriately increased. In this study we have compared the kinetics of iron
      absorption in the proximal small intestine of the newborn and adult guinea pig in
      order to gain insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying this difference.
      Iron uptake was studied in vivo over the concentration range 20-2,000 microM.
      Total iron uptake could be resolved into saturable and linear components. The
      kinetic constants for the saturable component in the adult were similar to the
      neonate. In contrast, the rate of uptake via the linear pathway was 4 times
      greater in the neonate compared to the adult. It is concluded that the increased
      absorption of iron by the neonatal guinea pig is due to an enhanced uptake via
      the linear pathway. In contrast to total iron uptake, we were unable to detect
      developmental changes in iron transfer into the carcass.

PMID- 3355873
TI  - Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase serum activities in
      neonatal transient myocardial ischemia.
AB  - The behavior of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was
      evaluated during the first 30 postnatal days in 16 neonates with clinical,
      electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of transient myocardial
      ischemia. These common laboratory tests, requested usually as an aid to diagnosis
      and surveillance of myocardial damage both in the adult and infant age groups, do
      not seem to have any value in the perinatal period compared to established
      reference values of healthy or asphyxiated controls.

PMID- 3355874
TI  - Measurement of fetal responses to vibroacoustic stimuli. Habituation in fetal
      sheep.
AB  - Electrocortical (ECoG) and integrated electromyographic (EMG) activity was
      recorded in 6 chronically prepared fetal sheep (132-145 days). Recording were
      made in fetuses prior to and during repeated vibroacoustic stimulation. In the
      undisturbed fetus, two patterns of ECoG activity were apparent; high (HV) and low
      voltage (LV). The fetus responded to this broad spectrum stimulus during both LV
      and HV ECoG activity. In 18 of the 20 experiments, repeated stimulation was not
      associated with a change in the background ECoG activity. All fetuses responded
      at least once to the stimulus. Habituation of the EMG response was observed
      during both HV and LV ECoG activity. The rate of habituation was independent of
      the background ECoG activity and was unchanged when experiments were repeated at
      intervals of more than 3 days. These results show that fetal sheep also respond
      to vibroacoustic stimulation and with repetition habituation occurs.

PMID- 3355875
TI  - Induction of neural tube defects and skeletal malformations in mice following
      brief hyperthermia in utero.
AB  - Hyperthermia was induced in ICR mice on day 8.5 of gestation by immersing them in
      hot water. Control mice were immersed in water at 38 degrees C for 15 min. In
      dams exposed to 42 degrees C for 12.5-15 min or to 43 degrees C for 7.5-10 min,
      externally malformed fetuses increased significantly and in a dose-related
      manner. Anterior neural tube defects (exencephaly, anencephaly, encephalocele,
      and cranial neural tube defect with facial cleft) were induced most frequently.
      Embryonic and fetal death and skeletal malformations also increased following
      heat stress. At intervals after heat exposure, sections of embryonic
      prosencephalon were prepared for light microscopy. At 2 h after heat stress,
      mitotic figures disappeared almost completely in embryonic tissues. Mitotic
      activity was inhibited for at least 3 h. At 6 h, there was a burst of new mitotic
      activity. Some damaged cells became pyknotic and abnormal cells were encountered
      in the neuroepithelial tissue after 3-12 h. Thus, neural tube defects in mouse
      embryos following maternal hyperthermia may result from a temporary cessation of
      cell proliferation and partial necrosis of the embryonic neuroepithelium.

PMID- 3355876
TI  - Ovine fetal urine contribution to amniotic and allantoic compartments.
AB  - The ovine pregnancy has been extensively studied as a model for amniotic fluid
      metabolism potentially serving as a model for human oligohydramnios. However, it
      is recognized that the ovine pregnancy contains an allantoic fluid compartment
      not present in human pregnancies at term. Earlier studies in sheep suggested that
      the fetal urine contribution to allantoic fluid diminished at term, but without
      an explanation for maintenance of the significant volume of the allantoic cavity.
      In the present study we examined the relative fetal urine excretion of 3H-inulin
      into the allantoic and amniotic cavities in the near-term ovine pregnancy.
      Amniotic and allantoic volumes, as determined by technetium-labelled dextran and
      chromium-tagged erythrocyte dilution, were similar although there were
      significant differences in composition. The allantoic fluid compartment received
      an equal or greater proportion of fetal urine than did the amniotic fluid during
      the study period. These results indicate the importance of the allantoic fluid
      volume and composition in the study of ovine fluid dynamics.

PMID- 3355877
TI  - Quality of life.

PMID- 3355878
TI  - Dealing with differential gender and age effects in evoked potential studies of
      psychopathology.
AB  - Data selected from comprehensive EP studies of a large sample of psychiatric
      patients and nonpatients illustrate the point that matching patient and control
      populations for age and gender is essential, but not sufficient, to control for
      these subject variables. It is necessary to test for the interactions resulting
      from different relationships between EP measures and gender and/or age in
      different diagnostic groups and to examine differences between subgroups defined
      by gender and age.

PMID- 3355880
TI  - Antibrain antibodies in infantile autism.

PMID- 3355881
TI  - Automata with hierarchical control and evolutionary learning.
AB  - We propose an automata-theoretical framework for structured hierarchical control,
      in terms of rules and meta-rules, for sequences of moves on a graph. This leads
      to a notion of a "universal" hierarchically structured automaton mu which can
      move on a given graph in such a way as to emulate any automaton which moves on
      that graph in response to inputs. This emulation is achieved via a mapping of the
      inputs in the given automaton to those of mu, and we think of such a mapping as
      an encoding of the given automaton. We see in several examples that efficient
      encodings of graph-search algorithms correspond to their natural hierarchical
      structure (in terms of rules and meta-rules), and this leads one to a precise
      notion of the "depth" of an automaton which moves on a given graph. By way of
      application, we discuss a proposed structure of a series of stochastic neural
      networks which can learn, by example, to encode a given sequence of moves on a
      graph, so that the encoding obtained is structurally the "natural" one for the
      given sequence of moves. Thus, such a learning system would perform both
      structural pattern recognition (in terms of "patterns" of moves), and encoding
      based on a desired outcome.

PMID- 3355882
TI  - Neurobiological approach to computing devices.
AB  - According to the old metaphor of classical cybernetics the brain can be
      considered as a computer. Newer theoretical endeavours reverse the question and
      ask: what could neurobiology offer to engineers of near-future generation
      computer systems? Three not completely disjoint abstract functions of the nervous
      system, namely pattern formation, pattern recognition and action, can be treated
      in a unified conceptual framework. Storage and retrieval mechanisms of
      information are connected to fault-tolerant, adaptive parallel structures.
      "Learning" and "plastic behaviour" are interpreted in terms of the theory of non
      linear dynamic systems. As neural development and plasticity can be approached by
      deterministic models superimposed by random influence, noise might also have a
      positive role to play during the operation of technical computing devices.
      Molecular computation is discussed in relation to eventual hardware realization
      of "neurobiology-based" computers.

PMID- 3355879
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans clinical and EEG findings;
      possible therapeutic effects of carbamazepine.

PMID- 3355883
TI  - Intrinsic physical instability of the proteins with short half-time: possible
      role in aging and in carcinogenesis.
AB  - Different proteins have vastly different lifetime in cells, some survive as long
      as or even longer than the cell does, whereas others survive for just minutes.
      Proteins showing short half-times play an extremely important role as cellular
      regulators, in particular in controlling cell mitosis and in carcinogenesis.
      These proteins probably possess an intrinsic physical instability, i.e. they are
      biologically active only while being in a meta-stable non-equilibrium state
      resulting from the very mechanisms of protein biosynthesis on ribosomes. Aging of
      these proteins consists of internal equilibration through protein chain folding
      rather than in accumulation of errors due to intermolecular interactions. We want
      to attract more attention to such fast (short-lived) proteins. The question of
      what determines these protein lifetimes is of practical as well as theoretical
      interest.

PMID- 3355884
TI  - Kinetics of actin-myosin binding. Myosin cooperativity and mixed single-headed
      and two-headed binding.
AB  - A model is proposed for the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction that allows for
      the presence of both one- and two-headed myosin fragments, cooperativity between
      myosin sites, and the molecular weight distribution of actin filaments. The
      approach employed makes use of the notion of effectivity factors. In the most
      general case, the system is described by six coupled first-order differential
      equations. When only single-headed myosin (S1) is present, the model reduces to
      simpler versions introduced previously.

PMID- 3355885
TI  - Some features of oscillatory glycolysis in coupled reactors.
AB  - Glycolysis in two chemostats coupled by a recycle stream has been mathematically
      analysed for regions of oscillation. In the space of the residence times in the
      two reactors and the recycle ratio, it is seen that the oscillatory region
      shrinks as any one of the parameters increases. Further, there is an optimal
      recycle ratio at which the build-up of ATP is maximum.

PMID- 3355886
TI  - Models of neural novelty detectors, with similarities to cerebral cortex.
AB  - A novelty detector is a functional unit, that indicates whether an incoming
      stimulus is familiar or novel. Novelty detection is prevalent in the central
      nervous system (CNS), and is involved in various activities. Its basic
      characteristics are discussed first. Then, models of neural novelty detectors are
      described, and tested and evaluated in simulations. The simulations have shown
      that one novelty detector, the bi-compartmental, simulates very closely the
      behavior of neural novelty detectors. This model is constructed in a way that
      resembles the observed architecture and function of area 17, and similar regions
      in the cortex. The first step in novelty detection is data retrieval. The
      proposed novelty detectors can utilize various compatible modes of data storage
      and retrieval, and one of those has been utilized in the simulations.

PMID- 3355888
TI  - Deficiency of intact thrombospondin and membrane glycoprotein Ia in platelets
      with defective collagen-induced aggregation and spontaneous loss of disorder.
AB  - Platelets from a patient with a severe lifelong bleeding tendency, which later
      spontaneously disappeared, lacked intact thrombospondin and glycoprotein (GP) Ia.
      Before disappearance of the bleeding disorder, results of coagulation studies and
      platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic
      acid, thrombin, A23187, epinephrine, and ristocetin were normal. In contrast,
      aggregation only occurred in the presence of collagen or wheat germ agglutinin at
      unusually high doses of these agonists. The platelets adhered normally to
      purified bovine and human type I collagen, and they did not spread in the
      presence of methylated type I collagen. No collagen-induced clot retraction was
      observed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analyses of platelet proteins and
      immunologic studies showed that intact thrombospondin and GP Ia were absent.
      Aggregation in response to collagen could be restored by adding thrombospondin.
      Disappearance of the bleeding tendency occurred at the onset of menopause;
      subsequent analyses revealed that thrombospondin and GP Ia were present in
      platelets and that collagen-induced platelet aggregation was normal. These
      results suggest that both thrombospondin and GP Ia are essential in collagen
      induced platelet aggregation. The spontaneous disappearance of the bleeding
      tendency may have been related to hormonal influences.

PMID- 3355887
TI  - GPIIIa-related PLA1 antigens with different molecular weights: studies in
      platelets, endothelial cells, and megakaryocytes.
AB  - The mol wt of the glycoprotein(s) carrying the PLA1 antigen was examined on
      platelets, megakaryocytes and endothelial cells by immunoblotting with a human
      polyclonal anti-PLA1 antibody (BE), as well as on four different monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAbs; DEK-1, DEK-2C, DEK-10, and DEK-16) raised against GPIIIa, the
      100,000-mol wt platelet glycoprotein known to carry the PLA1 antigen. BE reacted
      with PLA1 positive but not with PLA1 negative platelets. DEK-1 reacted strongly
      with PLA1 positive platelets but weakly with PLA1 negative platelets. The
      remaining three MoAbs reacted equally with PLA1 positive as well as negative
      platelets. BE, DEK-1, DEK-10, and DEK-16 reacted with a 120,000- as well as
      100,000-mol wt band on immunoblot of PLA1 positive platelets. The 120,000-mol wt
      band copurified with affinity purified 100,000-mol wt GPIIIa. Megakaryocytes had
      a prominent 120,000- as well as 105,000-mol wt band that reacted with BE on
      immunoblot (the 100,000-mol wt band was not detectable). Umbilical cord
      endothelial cells from presumed PLA-positive infants had a prominent 100,000-mol
      wt band that reacted with BE, DEK-16, and DEK-1 (the 120,000-mol wt band was not
      visualized). The 120,000- and 100,000-mol wt PLA1-positive bands could be
      digested with proteolytic enzymes to 55,000- to 65,000-mol wt-resistant fragments
      that retain PLA1 epitopes. Further digestion with endoglycosidase-H lowered the
      apparent mol wt by approximately 2,000 to 6,000 daltons without affecting PLA1
      reactivity. We conclude that the PLA1 antigen is present on a 120,000- as well as
      100,000-mol wt glycoprotein of platelets and megakaryocytes, a 105,000-mol wt
      band of megakaryocytes, and a 100,000-mol wt glycoprotein of endothelial cells.
      We postulate that the 120,000-mol wt glycoprotein, which shares three or more
      epitopes with the 100,000-mol wt GPIIIa, may be a post-translational precursor of
      this species.

PMID- 3355889
TI  - Thrombospondin inhibits adhesion of platelets to glass and protein-covered
      substrata.
AB  - Glass and protein-covered surfaces when treated with the platelet-secreted
      glycoprotein thrombospondin lose their capacity to bind unstimulated platelets.
      In comparison to the number that bind to fibronectin-covered glass surfaces, less
      than 3% bind to thrombospondin-covered glass surfaces. When the fibronectin
      covered surface is incubated with thrombospondin, it loses 87% of its binding
      capacity for platelets. The inhibitory effect of thrombospondin on platelet
      binding increases with increasing amounts of the adsorbed protein and reaches
      maximal values at 65% saturation of the adsorption of thrombospondin to the
      surface. Platelet spreading on the surface is also completely inhibited by
      thrombospondin. These data suggest that thrombospondin is nonthrombogenic and can
      modulate platelet adhesion to the subendothelium.

PMID- 3355890
TI  - Quantitation of ferritin iron in plasma, an explanation for non-transferrin iron.
AB  - In 33 patients with thalassemia and idiopathic hemochromatosis, plasma ferritin
      protein levels ranged from 36 to 5,850 micrograms/L. The iron content of this
      ferritin as determined by immunoprecipitation ranged from undetectable amounts to
      507 micrograms/L. The mean iron content of ferritin protein in those and other
      subjects with plasma ferritin concentrations of over 1,000 was 6.8% +/- 2.7%.
      Plasma transferrin was usually saturated with iron in patients with measurable
      ferritin iron, but exceptions occurred. In studies using electrophoretic
      separation, it was shown that some ferritin iron moved to transferrin during in
      vitro incubation, whereas exchange in the opposite direction was extremely
      limited. Because some plasma ferritin iron was measured by the standard
      colorimetric plasma iron determination, these observations (a) indicate that
      plasma ferritin contains a significant amount of iron (b) indicate that a
      significant proportion of nontransferrin iron in individuals with nontransferrin
      iron as detected by standard plasma iron and total iron-binding capacity
      measurements is due to the presence of ferritin, and (c) suggest that large
      amounts of ferritin iron may affect the saturation of plasma transferrin.

PMID- 3355892
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with leukemia.
AB  - Eighteen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients were found
      among 211 previously treated adult patients with a variety of leukemias who had
      been multiply transfused before April 1985. Patients known to be homosexual or
      intravenous drug users were excluded from this study. The spouse of one HIV
      seropositive patient became HIV infected and subsequently developed the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome. Patients with leukemia who were multiply transfused
      before the availability of screening of blood products for HIV antibody should be
      counseled regarding their individual risks of HIV infection and the risk to
      sexual contacts.

PMID- 3355891
TI  - The effect of erythroid hyperplasia on iron balance.
AB  - Measurements of erythropoiesis and iron balance were made in eight normal and 32
      anemic subjects. The latter consisted of 12 individuals with ineffective
      erythropoiesis (beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E), 13 subjects with ineffective
      erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin H), and seven subjects with
      hemolytic anemia (hereditary spherocytosis). A consistent relationship within
      each group existed between the degree of erythropoiesis and radioiron absorption.
      Although the effect of erythropoiesis on iron absorption was of similar magnitude
      in the two thalassemia groups, the effect in hereditary spherocytosis was much
      less. There was agreement between absorption and ferritin or magnetic
      susceptibility (SQUID) measurements of iron stores in thalassemia, but in
      hereditary spherocytosis a discrepancy existed between absorption and ferritin.
      It is concluded that, although increased erythropoiesis is associated with
      increased iron absorption, some additional factor associated with red cell
      breakdown is more directly responsible for the positive iron balance in
      thalassemia.

PMID- 3355893
TI  - More monoclonal antibodies reactive with leukocytes in formalin-fixed paraffin
      embedded tissues.

PMID- 3355894
TI  - A new procoagulant in acute leukemia.
AB  - To verify whether cancer procoagulant (CP), a cysteine proteinase procoagulant
      distinct from tissue factor (TF), is associated with leukemic cells, we assayed
      the procoagulant activity of blast cell extracts from 26 patients with different
      cytological subtypes of acute nonlymphoid leukemia (ANLL) according to the French
      American-British classification. All the samples except two shortened the
      recalcification time of normal human plasma, the effect being significantly
      greater in the M3 subgroup. The two criteria used to distinguish between CP and
      TF, independence from factor VII in initiating blood coagulation and sensitivity
      to cysteine-proteinase inhibitors, were positive in 19 samples from M1, M2, M3,
      and M4 cytological subtypes. None of the M5 samples fulfilled these criteria. In
      addition, M1, M2, M3, and M4 samples immunoreacted with an anti-CP goat
      polyclonal antibody on an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion plate. This study provides
      the first evidence for a procoagulant other than TF that is associated with
      leukemic cells.

PMID- 3355895
TI  - Excess heme in sickle erythrocyte inside-out membranes: possible role in thiol
      oxidation.
AB  - It has been suggested that the development of sickle RBC membrane defects might
      be related to abnormal amounts of membrane-associated heme (a term we use in its
      generic sense to include hemoglobins, hemichromes, and free heme). Techniques
      previously used to measure membrane heme, however, would not distinguish between
      what is truly membrane-associated and what is merely trapped in RBC ghost
      preparations. Consequently, we have examined extensively washed inside-out
      membranes (IOM) prepared from normal and sickle RBC. Approximately 25% of the
      sickle ghost heme is lost upon conversion to IOM, but sickle IOM still have a
      significant excess (1.6 +/- 0.3 nmol heme/mg membrane protein compared with 0.7
      +/- 0.2 nmol/mg for normal IOM, P less than .001). Amounts of ghost heme are only
      poorly predictive of amounts of IOM heme (r = .664). Preparation of IOM by using
      isotonic lysis with saponin yields virtually identical amounts of IOM heme. Small
      amounts of heme (less than 15%) can be displaced from IOM by using manipulations
      that elute spectrin, displace electrostatically bound proteins, or cleave the
      cytoplasmic portion of band 3. Treatment of IOM with dithiothreitol (DTT),
      however, displaces the most heme (35%), and this is almost reproduced (25%
      displacement) by the treatment of intact RBC with DTT before IOM preparation.
      Sequential treatment with all manipulations still leaves about 40% of the heme in
      sickle IOM, which indicates a compartment more intimately associated with the
      membrane. At least part of this is free heme without globin, as evidenced by
      abnormal binding of radiochloroquine to sickle IOM. Conversely, some IOM
      associated globin is globin without heme because the measurement of globin per se
      markedly overpredicts amount of IOM heme. There is a strong correlation between
      RBC density and amounts of either ghost or IOM heme. Finally, the amount of
      membrane thiol oxidation (as measured by thiol-disulfide-exchange chromatography)
      does not correlate at all with ghost heme (r = .105), but it correlates well with
      IOM heme (r = .877, P less than .001). These data demonstrate that there are
      abnormal amounts of heme truly associated with sickle RBC membranes, and they are
      consistent with the hypothesis that this membrane-associated heme participates in
      the pathobiology of the sickle RBC membrane, particularly those aspects perhaps
      related to thiol oxidation.

PMID- 3355896
TI  - Identification of Bakb, a new platelet-specific antigen associated with
      posttransfusion purpura.
AB  - Baka is a platelet alloantigen whose putative allele, Bakb, has not been
      identified previously. By using a serum, "Har," obtained from a patient with
      posttransfusion purpura, we describe the platelet alloantigen Bakb. The Har serum
      reacted with an NP-40-extractable platelet membrane protein of 142 kd with
      mobility similar to platelet glycoprotein IIb alpha. We found that the antigen
      recognized by the Har serum is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode with an
      apparent gene frequency of .39. Chi-square analysis of observed and expected
      phenotype frequencies indicated that serum Har recognizes Bakb, the anticipated
      allele of Baka. Our findings provide new evidence for polymorphism of
      glycoprotein IIb and for the association of posttransfusion purpura with
      alloimmunization to determinants on this glycoprotein.

PMID- 3355897
TI  - Thrombasthenia with an abnormal platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb of different
      molecular weight.
AB  - We describe an individual with abnormal platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb of
      different molecular weight (mol wt), a defect that distinguishes this patient
      from previously reported thrombasthenics. The patient, a 21-year-old female, has
      a mild bleeding tendency; her platelets lack adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
      aggregation and have severely suppressed collagen aggregation but a normal
      response to ristocetin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      of her platelets indicates that they contain two types of GPIIb molecules: one
      with an abnormal mol wt (122 kd, unreduced; 128 kd, reduced) and one with a
      normal mol wt (128 kd, unreduced; 118 kd, reduced). Relative to the amount of
      GPIIb in normal platelets, her platelets contain approximately 35% abnormal GPIIb
      and 20% normal GPIIb. Fibrinogen binding assays on the patient's platelets
      indicated that they contained 25% of the normal amount of fibrinogen receptors.
      Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's platelets demonstrated the
      formation of a GPIIb/IIIa complex that was mainly composed of normal mol wt GPIIb
      and GPIIIa. The patient's father has decreased ADP aggregability, and his
      platelets also contained both abnormal and normal GPIIb (about 50% of the normal
      level and about 50% of the normal number of fibrinogen receptors); her mother has
      only normal GPIIb. These results indicate that the patient has heterozygous GPIIb
      molecules with an abnormality of GPIIb at the molecular level. Studies on this
      abnormal GPIIb should provide information about the function of GPIIb and the
      mechanism of its biosynthesis.

PMID- 3355899
TI  - Delineation of specific beta-thalassemia mutations in high-risk areas of Italy: a
      prerequisite for prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - In this study, we defined by haplotype characterization combined with
      oligonucleotide hybridization or direct restriction endonuclease analysis the
      specific beta-thalassemia mutations in a representative sample of beta
      thalassemia chromosomes from patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia
      originating from different parts of Italy. We characterized the mutations in 90%
      of the thalassemia chromosomes and found that three mutations, namely the
      beta(+)IVS 1-110, beta (0)-39 and beta(+)IVS 1-6 are prevalent in the Italian
      population. Most of the patients investigated were compound heterozygotes for two
      beta-thalassemia mutations, and only a few were homozygotes for one mutant. On
      the basis of these findings, we predict that prenatal diagnosis in this
      population would be feasible in most cases by fetal DNA analysis with the
      oligonucleotide method using a limited number of oligonucleotide probes selected
      after screening parents for the most common beta-thalassemia mutations. We have
      also devised a method based on hybridization with a mixture of two
      oligonucleotides that allows rapid and simultaneous screening of prospective
      parents for the two most frequent mutations in Italians, the beta(+)IVS 1-110 and
      beta(0)-39 mutants. This method may be applicable to prenatal diagnosis in cases
      at risk for the genetic compound of these mutations.

PMID- 3355898
TI  - Increased platelet-fibrinogen affinity in patients with myeloproliferative
      disorders.
AB  - Patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are known to have some
      abnormalities of platelet glycoproteins (Gp). Quantitative changes of the Gp Ib,
      IIb-IIIa, and/or their glucidic content have been reported. Since the Gp IIb-IIIa
      complex plays a major role in fibrinogen binding by activated platelets, we
      measured the platelet fibrinogen affinity in nine patients with polycythemia vera
      (PV) and one subject with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by the aggregometric
      method of Marguerie. In all patients the Kd of the platelet fibrinogen reaction
      was significantly decreased as compared to controls, with evidence in two cases
      with PV of a heterogeneity of platelet-fibrinogen receptor sites. The measurement
      of 125I-labeled fibrinogen-platelet binding, performed in seven patients (five PV
      and two CML), showed receptor populations with increased (Kd1 = 0.58 + 0.3 X
      10(7) mol/L) and normal affinity (Kd2 = 5.12 + 3.1 X 10(7) mol/L). These results
      demonstrate a heterogeneity of platelet-fibrinogen receptors in these patients
      and may explain the thrombotic diathesis of MPD subjects.

PMID- 3355901
TI  - Eosinophil peroxidase deficiency detected by the Technicon H 1 system.

PMID- 3355900
TI  - Effects of human alpha-interferon on granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU
      GM) in vitro.
AB  - Two preparations of human interferon (IFN)-alpha were assessed for their
      influence on granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in vitro. Both
      highly purified human IFN-alpha Ly and recombinant IFN-alpha 2a suppressed CFU-GM
      colony formation in a dose-dependent manner using low-density bone-marrow target
      cells. Suppression of CFU-GM colony formation was accompanied by an increase in
      clusters. However, depletion of monocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes from
      low-density bone-marrow cells resulted in insensitivity of progenitor cells to
      IFN-alpha. These results demonstrate that the effects of human IFN-alpha on
      myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) are mediated by accessory cells within the bone
      marrow.

PMID- 3355902
TI  - Frequent association of idiopathic myelofibrosis with plasma cell dyscrasias.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 199 cases of myeloproliferative diseases a
      concomitant plasma cell dyscrasia was found in three out of 46 patients with
      idiopathic myelofibrosis. Chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera or
      unclassifiable myeloproliferative disorders were in no case associated with
      monoclonal gammopathy. One patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis had primarily
      coexistent IgG-lambda paraproteinemia and increasing osteolytic lesions;
      histologic evidence of multiple myeloma, however, was insufficient. In the second
      patient the interval between diagnosis of idiopathic myelofibrosis and IgG-kappa
      paraproteinemia was 11 years. After a stable period of 9 years' duration the
      paraprotein level rapidly increased, associated with depression of normal
      background immunoglobulins and progressive bone marrow failure. The exact nature
      of this patient's malignant plasma cell dyscrasia remained uncertain. In the
      third case benign monoclonal gammopathy of the IgM-lambda type was diagnosed 13
      years after idiopathic myelofibrosis. A review of the literature confirms a
      remarkably high incidence of monoclonal gammopathies in idiopathic myelofibrosis.
      Benign monoclonal gammopathy seems to occur in at least 8% of the patients while
      only a few cases of concomitant multiple myeloma have been reported. It may be
      speculated that plasma cell dyscrasias in idiopathic myelofibrosis reflect
      involvement of the lymphoid lineage in the neoplastic stem cell disorder.

PMID- 3355903
TI  - Interferon-alpha-2 in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis.
AB  - We investigated the effect of human recombinant DNA-derived IFN-alpha-2 given in
      a dose of 1-2 X 10(6) units daily by subcutaneous injection to five patients with
      advanced idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM). Transfusion dependent anemia and
      symptomatic splenomegaly were taken as inclusion criteria for this pilot study.
      Two patients succumbed, one and three months after starting interferon-treatment
      because of pneumonia and traumatic cranial injury, respectively. While on IFN
      treatment no improvement of cytopenia or reduction of splenomegaly was seen in
      four of the patients. In one patient, however, the requirement for erythrocyte
      transfusions decreased from 5 to 1.7 monthly upon IFN-treatment. After two, four
      and six months respectively IFN-treatment had to be stopped in these cases
      because of progressive thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia. These observations
      suggest, that IFN-alpha might be of only marginal value in the treatment of
      advanced idiopathic myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3355904
TI  - Effect of cadmium ions on dioxygen affinity and polyphosphate activity of human
      red blood cells.
AB  - The effect of cadmium ions on the dioxygen affinity, the time-dependent depletion
      of intracellular polyphosphates, and the elongation of human red blood cells
      (RBC's) was examined. The incubation of RBC's in the presence of 1 mM Cd2+ at 37
      degrees C for more than one hour results in a decrease of the p50 value by 2.5
      3.0 mmHg in comparison to controls. The p50 of stripped (phosphate-free)
      hemoglobin is not affected by the presence of 1 mM Cd2+ (p50 = 4.8 mmHg at pH 7.2
      and 37 degrees C). Experiments with RBC cryolysates demonstrate an apparently
      competitive effect of 2.3-bisphosphoglycerate (DPG) with cadmium ions on the
      dioxygen affinity. From 31P NMR spectra, 31P T1 relaxation, and 31P T2 relaxation
      behavior a more direct evidence for DPG-Cd2+ complexation is obtained. 31P NMR
      spectra of RBC cryolysates also indicate DPG-Cd2+ complexation. The hydrolysis of
      free polyphosphates in RBC's incubated at 37 degrees C as monitored by 31P NMR
      spectra can be noticed after a three-hour lag phase (constant polyphosphate
      level). This lag phase is lengthened from three hours to four hours in the
      presence of Cd2+ ions. RBC elongation, as a measure of deformability, decreases
      slightly upon incubation with 1 mM Cd2+.

PMID- 3355905
TI  - Cognitive style and depression: symptom-related, event-related or independent
      provoking factor?
AB  - Three models of the relation of negative cognitive style to depression are
      outlined: (1) a symptom model, where negative cognitions are a symptom of
      depression, (2) a vulnerability model, where a negative life-event in combination
      with cognitive vulnerability leads to depression and (3) an alternative
      aetiologies model, where depression can be precipitated either by stressful life
      events or by a negative cognitive style. Differential predictions from the three
      models were examined in data from a general population survey of 193 mothers
      where a reliable case identification procedure and life-events interview were
      used together with measures of attributional style and self-esteem. Results were
      mostly consistent with the alternative aetiologies model, but also gave some
      support for the symptom model. In some cases, negative cognitive style may act to
      increase the risk of depression onset in the absence of life-event stress.

PMID- 3355906
TI  - A longitudinal test of the attributional vulnerability model in children at risk
      for depression.
AB  - The attributional vulnerability model of depression has rarely been tested in
      prospective designs, or as an interaction of stressful events and cognitions, or
      with depression as a specific response outcome. Moreover, the model has rarely
      been applied to children. All these issues were addressed in this study of
      prediction of diagnoses during a six-month follow-up for a sample of children
      that included offspring of women with affective disorders presumed to be at high
      risk for depression. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses failed to support
      the attributional hypotheses: depression was best predicted by initial symptoms
      and by life stress but not by attributions for negative outcomes or the
      interaction of attributions and life-events. Non-affective diagnoses, on the
      other hand, were predicted by an interaction of life-events and attributions. The
      results suggest limitations in the range of application of the attributional
      model in clinical samples, at least with children and adolescents at risk.

PMID- 3355907
TI  - Attributional change during psychotherapy.
AB  - Previous research suggests that causal attributions for life-events are involved
      in the process of recovery from depression. The study assessed depressive
      symptoms and attributions before and after treatment in 40 clients. Each client
      received two forms of therapy in a cross-over design: Exploratory (relationship
      oriented, interpersonal) therapy, and Prescriptive (cognitive-behavioural)
      therapy. During the course of treatment, attributions became significantly more
      unstable, specific and controllable. There was a positive relation between
      attributional change and change in depression symptoms, with significant
      correlations occurring on all dimensions, apart from Externality, and on a
      composite measure.

PMID- 3355908
TI  - Causal attributions of doctor and patients in a diabetes clinic.
AB  - This study investigated the level of congruence in causal attributions and
      diabetes-specific perceived control between doctor and patients during routine
      diabetes clinic consultations. The effectiveness of a strategy for improving the
      congruence of doctor and patients' attributions was examined. Fifty-four patients
      with poorly controlled insulin requiring diabetes mellitus were assigned to one
      of three forms of consultation: (1) routine consultation, (2) a consultation
      where doctor and patient explicitly negotiated and agreed the nature of the
      problem(s) to be discussed, (3) consultation as in (2) but doctor and patient
      negotiated and agreed not only the problems but also their causal attributions
      for the problems discussed. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that the
      experimental manipulations were successful in improving problem and attribution
      congruence across the groups. Predicted mismatches in perceived control between
      doctor and patient in Group I were demonstrated, and, as expected, were reduced
      in Groups II and III. The clinical implications of differing levels of congruence
      in attributions and perceived control were considered in analyses of glycaemic
      control and patients' satisfaction with their consultation.

PMID- 3355909
TI  - The impact of attributions in marriage: empirical and conceptual foundations.
AB  - Although a reliable association between attributions and concurrent marital
      satisfaction has been documented, the dominant role assigned to attributions in
      cognitively oriented accounts of marital dysfunction lacks a firm empirical
      foundation. To redress this imbalance, the major ideas guiding theoretical
      analyses of attributions in marriage are identified, namely, that attributions
      (a) initiate or maintain marital dissatisfaction and (b) mediate the behaviour
      exchanges characteristic of distressed and non-distressed marriages. Four studies
      are reported that provide initial support for these hypotheses. In view of these
      findings, the distinction between private and communicated attributions
      underlying this research is used to guide the development of an integrative
      framework relating attributions, behaviour and marital satisfaction. The
      relevance of this framework for future research and for marital therapy is
      discussed.

PMID- 3355910
TI  - Causal beliefs amongst families in therapy: attributions at the group level.
AB  - Whereas attribution has traditionally been regarded as an individual process, we
      argue that attributions can also be located at a group level. A study of the
      causal beliefs of 10 families undergoing family therapy is reported, which shows
      that attributional change can be identified as a family as well as an individual
      process. Families considered not to have 'changed' following therapy differed
      from the 'changing' families in attributing negative outcomes to more stable
      causes, but were similar in their increased use of internal attributions for
      other people's actions. This pattern is interpreted within family systems theory.

PMID- 3355911
TI  - Attribution theory and attributional therapy: some theoretical observations and
      suggestions.
AB  - Two shortcomings of attributional therapy and therapy-related research are
      pointed out. First, crucial comparisons between attributional inductions are not
      being made, so that the variables mediating change remain uncertain and,
      secondly, the full theory is not being used, thereby greatly limiting the
      possible change programmes.

PMID- 3355912
TI  - The Noise: you too can cope with tinnitus.

PMID- 3355913
TI  - The vocation of retirement.

PMID- 3355914
TI  - Helping an anxious friend.

PMID- 3355915
TI  - Am I in good health?

PMID- 3355917
TI  - California nurses testify before Presidential Commission on AIDS.

PMID- 3355916
TI  - Fetal alcohol syndrome: prevention and intervention for the nurse.

PMID- 3355918
TI  - Organizing campaign set for 8 San Francisco hospitals: St. Francis PPC works for
      nurses.

PMID- 3355920
TI  - On killing our patients.

PMID- 3355919
TI  - Should anencephalic infants be used as organ donors?

PMID- 3355922
TI  - Canadian Ophthalmological Society, 51st annual meeting. 26-29 June 1988, Saint
      John, New Brunswick. Abstracts.

PMID- 3355921
TI  - Giving people the help they deserve.

PMID- 3355923
TI  - Attacking fee-for-service.

PMID- 3355924
TI  - Should gloves be worn for all venipunctures?

PMID- 3355925
TI  - The CMA and abortion.

PMID- 3355926
TI  - Imposing sanctions on smoking patients.

PMID- 3355927
TI  - Poliomyelitis in North America: the disease is not dead yet.

PMID- 3355928
TI  - Alleviation of factors aggravating dementia.

PMID- 3355929
TI  - Physicians and sexually transmitted diseases: a call to action.

PMID- 3355930
TI  - The periodic health examination: 1. Introduction.

PMID- 3355932
TI  - Traceback of a case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome related to a blood
      transfusion.

PMID- 3355931
TI  - The periodic health examination: 2. 1987 update. Canadian Task Force on the
      Periodic Health Examination.

PMID- 3355933
TI  - Infectious syphilis in Canada in 1986.

PMID- 3355934
TI  - Trends in gonorrhea in Canadians 15 to 24 years of age from 1982 to 1986.

PMID- 3355935
TI  - Quebec makes offer, but billing problems still anger Ottawa MDs.

PMID- 3355936
TI  - Smoking: we cannot afford the cost.

PMID- 3355937
TI  - New code for drug makers tightens rules on drug samples, research.

PMID- 3355938
TI  - Canadian children: will today's "couch potatoes" be tomorrow's cardiac patients?

PMID- 3355939
TI  - Former Morgentaler associate fights for privileges at Ontario hospital.

PMID- 3355940
TI  - "A plane just crashed": medical teams must be able to improvise.

PMID- 3355941
TI  - "Silent angina" in the elderly.

PMID- 3355943
TI  - Smoking section, please.

PMID- 3355942
TI  - Tobacco advertising in the waiting room.

PMID- 3355944
TI  - Achieving the best of both worlds.

PMID- 3355945
TI  - New rules adopted by makers of infant formula [correction].

PMID- 3355946
TI  - Ottawa team first to use laser to clear coronary artery [correction].

PMID- 3355947
TI  - The use of textbooks in evaluating the impact of medical journals.

PMID- 3355949
TI  - Residency training in internal medicine: program design in an era of constraint.
AB  - Directors of postgraduate internal medicine programs face many problems in
      program design, particularly when numbers of house staff continue to decrease.
      This paper examines the training requirements of a resident in internal medicine
      and proposes a curriculum based on set rotations in the three key areas of
      training--subspecialty services, critical care and the clinical teaching unit.
      The distribution of time in these three areas and the balance of exposure to
      inpatients and outpatients are discussed in detail. This program design ensures
      exposure to all the key elements of internal medicine in 3 years and should
      prevent significant gaps in knowledge at the time of certification. The
      implications for "service" in major teaching hospitals is discussed. Hospital
      departments and administrators must confront the prospect of hospital units
      without house staff. Most important, program directors must resist sacrificing
      the pedagogic essentials of a training program for service requirements.

PMID- 3355948
TI  - Guidelines for reading literature reviews.
AB  - One strategy for dealing with the burgeoning medical literature is to rely on
      reviews of the literature. Although this strategy is efficient, readers may be
      misled if the review does not meet scientific standards. Therefore, guidelines
      that will help readers assess the scientific quality of the review are proposed.
      The guidelines focus on the definition of the question, the comprehensiveness of
      the search strategy, the methods of choosing and assessing the primary studies,
      and the methods of combining the results and reaching appropriate conclusions.
      Application of the guidelines will allow clinicians to spend their valuable
      reading time on high-quality material and to judge the validity of an author's
      conclusions.

PMID- 3355950
TI  - Profile of women who request reversal of tubal sterilization: comparison with a
      randomly selected control group.
AB  - The characteristics of 96 women who requested reversal of tubal ligation at two
      fertility clinics in Montreal were compared with those of 403 randomly selected
      sterilized women in Quebec. The two groups were found to have a similar
      socioeconomic profile. In only two respects were the groups significantly
      different: the women who requested reversal generally had been sterilized at an
      earlier age and had more complex marital histories.

PMID- 3355952
TI  - The laughing hernia sign.

PMID- 3355951
TI  - [Prevalence of Aeromonas spp. pediatric gastroenteritis].
AB  - A selective medium and biochemical tests were used to search for Aeromonas spp.
      in the stools of 536 children, more than 90% of whom had "gastroenteritis", seen
      at Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, in June or July 1986. The organism was
      found in seven children, six of whom had bloody diarrhea. One of the six, a 6 1/2
      year-old boy, required intravenous alimentation and later manifested ulcerative
      colitis; the other five recovered. The remaining child, a 14-year-old boy, had
      synovitis of the knee and spondylarthritis. Two of the seven carried other
      enteric pathogens. The authors discuss the pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp., which
      is not very marked in temperate climates, in human summer diarrhea and its
      possible role in the development of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3355953
TI  - Myths about AIDS continue to flourish.

PMID- 3355954
TI  - Doctors divided: AIDS and the physicians at San Francisco General.

PMID- 3355956
TI  - Why do women commit arson?

PMID- 3355955
TI  - Abortion: it is time for doctors to get off the fence.

PMID- 3355958
TI  - Challenges to health promotion among older working women.

PMID- 3355957
TI  - Move to pharmaceutical industry right prescription for some Canadian doctors.

PMID- 3355959
TI  - Some considerations when estimating exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
      with particular reference to the home environment.

PMID- 3355960
TI  - The emerging role of public health in community emergencies and disasters.

PMID- 3355961
TI  - An analysis of the lifestyle, exercise habits and cardio-vascular fitness of an
      undergraduate nursing population.

PMID- 3355962
TI  - Seven year follow-up of employee fitness program.

PMID- 3355964
TI  - Advanced training in public health: future perspectives.

PMID- 3355963
TI  - Measles outbreak in a Vancouver school population: relative risk and vaccine
      efficacy.

PMID- 3355965
TI  - Cancer incidence and mortality among office workers: an epidemiologic
      investigation.

PMID- 3355966
TI  - Suicide in Canada: a further look at the effects of age, period and cohort.

PMID- 3355968
TI  - A conceptual framework for community-based environmental health information
      systems: a viewpoint.

PMID- 3355967
TI  - The analysis of hospital morbidity data using life table methods.

PMID- 3355969
TI  - [Self evaluation of visual acuity by elementary school students].

PMID- 3355971
TI  - The Edmonton tornado disaster: the role of the health department.

PMID- 3355970
TI  - Serosurvey on the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in Ontario cattle.

PMID- 3355972
TI  - Campylobacter enteritis acquired from cattle.

PMID- 3355973
TI  - Peer counselling in the management of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3355974
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine in
      malignant thymoma and myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Malignant thymoma (MT) is a rare tumor that is often associated with myasthenia
      gravis (MG). This tumor is considered resistant to chemotherapy. We had the
      opportunity to treat five patients with MT with cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2,
      Adriamycin 50 mg/m2, and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (CAV) in cycles of 21 days. Two
      patients with MG that was resistant to antimyasthenic drugs immediately responded
      to this combination. One patient with only MT had a complete response, and two
      patients with only MT had a partial response. Two out of the five patients are
      still alive and free of disease. Two patients died of disease, and one died from
      a neutropenia-induced respiratory tract infection. It is concluded that this
      combination chemotherapy is active in MT and MG and deserves additional trials.

PMID- 3355975
TI  - Fluorodeoxyglucose imaging: a method to assess the proliferative activity of
      human cancer in vivo. Comparison with DNA flow cytometry in head and neck tumors.
AB  - Thirteen patients with malignant head and neck tumors were studied before they
      were treated with (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging and DNA flow cytometry
      (FCM). The nuclear DNA content and the percentage of proliferative cells (S +
      G2/M) were compared with the FDG uptake; FDG was retained in the primary tumor
      and/or neck metastasis in all patients. The accumulation of FDG did not correlate
      with histologic grade of the tumors, but there was a clear correlation (r = 0.86,
      P less than 0.001) between the proportion of the cells in S + G2/M phases of the
      cell cycle and the intensity of FDG accumulation. The uptake of FDG by the tumor
      also correlated with the percentage of S-phase cells (r = 0.82, P less than
      0.001). The result suggests that enhanced glucose metabolism, measured by FDG
      uptake, is associated with the proliferative activity of the tumor. Thus, imaging
      with FDG may offer a new method to assess the aggressiveness of human cancer
      growth in vivo.

PMID- 3355976
TI  - Immunophenotypic differences between plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma and
      immunoblastic lymphoma.
AB  - Four cases of plasmacytoma (PC), six cases of multiple myeloma (MM), and nine
      cases of immunoblastic lymphoma (IL) of B-cell phenotype were studied with a
      large panel of monoclonal antibodies applied to frozen tissue sections. There
      were no significant differences in the immunophenotypes of plasmacytomas and
      multiple myelomas. However, significant immunophenotypic differences were noticed
      between the plasmacytoma/multiple myeloma cases (PC/MM) and the immunoblastic
      lymphoma specimens. The PC/MM cases characteristically stained with alpha (or
      gamma) and T10 and did not usually stain with mu, leukocyte common antibodies,
      certain B-lineage antibodies (B1, T015, 4G7, 6A4), or Ia. In contrast, IL
      sections usually did not stain with alpha or T10 and generally did stain with mu
      (or gamma), leukocyte common antibodies, B-lineage antibodies, and Ia. Ki-67, an
      antibody to proliferating cells, stained significantly fewer cells in PC/MM than
      in IL and stained significantly fewer cells that had a good clinical outcome. We
      conclude that although no one antibody is useful in distinguishing PC/MM from IL,
      the application of a panel of antibodies may be helpful in making this
      distinction. The prognosis may correlate with the numbers of proliferating cells
      as measured by reactivity with Ki-67.

PMID- 3355977
TI  - Variations in serum alkaline DNase activity. A new means for therapeutic
      monitoring of malignant lymphomas.
AB  - Our previously published clinical results suggest that the variations in serum
      alkaline DNase activity (SADA) could be a reliable marker for the therapeutic
      monitoring of different human malignancies. The aim of the study documented in
      this was to determine SADA variations in 27 patients suffering from malignant
      lymphomas (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's). Patients continued to be observed after
      therapy. The blood samples were collected before treatment (Time 0), during
      several days from the onset of each treatment (Phase I), and weeks after the last
      therapy (Phase II). A decrease in the serum alkaline DNase activity during the
      first treatment indicates a good clinical response; no decrease indicates a
      nonresponse to treatment (Phase I). The Phase II data can be used to predict the
      long-term evolution of the disease. In patients who respond to therapy three
      types of variations of SADA are observed during this phase. A progressive regain
      of SADA up to a value exceeding the level of initial value (T0) correlates with a
      complete remission. An incomplete regain of activity corresponds to a partial
      remission. No regain of SADA precedes death.

PMID- 3355978
TI  - Transferrin receptor expression by non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Correlation with
      morphologic grade and survival.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody OKT9 was applied to cryostat sections of 267 non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas and related neoplasms. It was found that the transferrin
      receptor is expressed by a wide variety of B- and T-lineage non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas. The OKT9 staining also was loosely correlated with the three
      morphologic grades of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas identified by the International
      Working Formulation. In general, higher grade lymphomas more often and more
      intensely expressed the T9 antigen. However, transferrin receptor expression by
      certain histologic subtypes of lymphoma did not correlate with their morphologic
      grade: low-grade follicular lymphomas expressed the T9 antigen more frequently
      than diffuse low-grade lymphomas; diffuse small cleaved cell lymphomas were
      stained by OKT9 less often than other histologic subtypes of intermediate-grade
      lymphomas; and diffuse immunoblastic lymphomas expressed transferrin receptors
      less often than the other high-grade histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma. Intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas, not recognized in the International
      Working Formulation, were infrequently and weakly stained by OKT9 in a manner
      similar to diffuse low-grade lymphomas. We obtained clinical follow-up data on 43
      individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and 64
      individuals with diffuse large cell and immunoblastic lymphoma. Transferrin
      receptor expression in these two groups did not correlate significantly with
      survival.

PMID- 3355979
TI  - Oligodendroglial tumors. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.
AB  - Fifty-five cases of oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas were evaluated
      using immunohistochemical (IH) study for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      and electron microscopic (EM) study. Most of the tumors in both of these groups
      showed many neoplastic oligodendroglial cells with GFAP-positive staining in
      their cytoplasm by IH study. By EM study too, many tumor cells showing features
      of oligodendroglial cells contained intermediate filaments. Our observations
      suggested the presence of a transitional form of cells in these tumors. The
      current study supports the contention that both oligodendrogliomas and
      oligoastrocytomas arise from a common progenitor cell capable of differentiation
      into both oligodendrocyte and astrocyte. The nature and degree of differentiation
      depends probably on gene expression and/or some microenvironmental factors.

PMID- 3355980
TI  - Ureteral obstruction in patients with breast cancer.
AB  - Six breast cancer patients were treated recently for renal insufficiency
      secondary to neoplasic involvement of the ureters. This complication usually
      occurs in long standing hormonal-dependent breast cancer with bone metastases.
      Diagnosis was performed by abdominal echography. Ureteral catheterization or
      percutaneous nephrostomy with or without irradiation always resulted in rapid
      recovery of renal function. Systemic chemotherapy could then be given, sometimes
      with antitumoral responses, allowing the removal of the endoureteral catheters.

PMID- 3355981
TI  - Lack of a significant independent effect of race on survival in breast cancer.
AB  - In an analysis of 2033 patients with breast cancer from two population groups
      presenting to the Combined Breast Clinic of the Johannesburg and Hillbrow
      Hospitals, black patients were found to present with more advanced stage disease
      (P much less than 0.0001) and to have a poorer prognosis within each stage than
      whites (P less than 0.005- less than 0.001). Intrastage inhomogeniety was
      indicated by the finding that black patients had significantly more advanced T
      and N categories within stage grouping as compared to white patients (P = 0.013-P
      less than .001). A multivariate analysis controlling for age, T and N in
      nonmetastatic showed that when these factors were taken into consideration there
      was no significant independent effect of race on survival. The data indicate that
      the poorer prognosis which has been previously reported for black patients
      probably results from intrastage variability of disease bulk, supporting the use
      of the TNM rather that the stage grouping system for prognostication. Age
      differences also were evident when the two population groups were compared, with
      breast cancer in blacks appearing to present at an earlier age. Further analysis
      showed that these age differences were related to the age structure of the two
      populations and that breast cancer probably does not occur at a younger age in
      black subjects. Ethnic origin, does not appear to play a significant independent
      role in the prognosis of breast cancer in women.

PMID- 3355982
TI  - Multiple reoperations in recurrent colorectal carcinoma. An analysis of
      morbidity, mortality, and survival.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients in an existing prospective study were evaluated to determine
      if multiple reoperations for recurrent colorectal carcinoma extended survival.
      All patients had at least three major operative procedures. The median survival
      from first, second, third, fourth, and fifth recurrence was 29.9, 17.3, 16, 12.3,
      and 7.2 months, respectively. The median postoperative hospital stay was 11 days,
      with a range of 1 to 96 days. The major complication rate was 17%. Twenty-one
      patients are still alive 19 to 140 months from diagnosis (mean, 50.3 months), 9
      to 125 months from the first recurrence (mean, 31.1 months), and 5 to 109 months
      (mean, 22 months) from the second recurrence. Eleven patients have no evidence of
      disease. Reoperation for recurrent colorectal carcinoma can be done with
      acceptable morbidity and mortality and an increase in survival.

PMID- 3355983
TI  - Proposal for therapeutic approach based on prognostic factors including
      morphometric and flow-cytometric features in stage III-IV ovarian cancer.
AB  - In 73 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)
      Stage III and IV ovarian cancer the prognostic significance of morphometric and
      flow-cytometric features has been evaluated in comparison with more commonly used
      prognostic factors such as stage and tumor mass. Single features associated with
      prognosis were as follows: FIGO stage, bulky disease, mean and standard deviation
      of nuclear area, cellular DNA content, mitotic activity index, and volume
      percentage epithelium. Multivariate analysis showed that the most significant
      prognostic combination of features consisted of mean nuclear area, presence or
      absence of bulky disease, and FIGO stage (in sequence of decreasing importance;
      Mantel-Cox = 23.07, P less than 0.00001). On the basis of these factors patients
      with a poor prognosis can be identified. On the other hand two features were
      associated with an excellent prognosis namely a low mitotic index and a low
      volume percentage epithelium. It is concluded that morphometric and flow
      cytometric analysis in combination with clinical features can provide significant
      information to predict the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
      treated with debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. On the basis of
      our data a tentative proposal for future therapeutic approaches is made.

PMID- 3355984
TI  - Central nervous system involvement in malignant melanoma.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma
      were studied in relation to survival from the time of diagnosis of central
      nervous system (CNS) involvement, response to treatment, characteristics of their
      primary lesion, and the course of the disease from initial diagnosis to the
      development of intracranial tumor. After treatment, clinical and investigational
      evidence of objective regression of cerebral lesions was demonstrable in ten
      patients who survived with a median of 11.5 months from diagnosis of CNS
      involvement. In 11 additional patients, CNS disease remained clinically stable
      for a median period of 7 months. Median survival for the entire group of 100
      patients was 2.5 months. However, eight patients (8%) survived longer than 1 year
      from the time of diagnosis of cerebral metastases, four of whom (4%) survived
      longer than 2 years; the longest survivor being disease-free and incomplete
      neurologic remission at more than 82 months. Patients with malignant melanoma
      metastatic to the brain should be informed of the therapeutic options available
      for their disease.

PMID- 3355985
TI  - Post-lumbar puncture headache.

PMID- 3355986
TI  - Manitoba's response: nurses at risk.

PMID- 3355987
TI  - Embracing a conceptual model.

PMID- 3355988
TI  - Sex, me and the RCMP.

PMID- 3355989
TI  - [Preventing breast feeding failure].

PMID- 3355990
TI  - [Where to give birth].

PMID- 3355991
TI  - Recommendations for a morphologic, immunologic, and cytogenetic (MIC) working
      classification of the primary and therapy-related myelodysplastic disorders.
      Report of the workshop held in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA, on February 23-25, 1987.
      Third MIC Cooperative Study Group.

PMID- 3355992
TI  - Evidence for the clonal nature of hypereosinophilic syndrome.
AB  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a disease process of unknown pathogenesis.
      Although some cases are believed to be primary hematologic malignancies, this
      issue remains unsolved. We present a case of HES in whom we have observed a clone
      of cytogenetically abnormal cells in the bone marrow in parallel with a clinical
      picture of a hematologic disorder characterized by progressive proliferation and
      organ infiltration by eosinophils. The cytogenetic abnormality
      46,XY,t(7;12)(q11;p11) is previously unreported. Our case, plus other evidence
      present in the literature, supports the concept that HES is a hematologic
      malignant neoplasia.

PMID- 3355993
TI  - The cytogenetic route of benign tumors.

PMID- 3355994
TI  - Trisomy 6p in an ocular melanoma.
AB  - Chromosome analysis of short-term culture of melanoma cells from a choroidal
      melanoma showed a karyotype of 46,XY, -21, +t(6p21q). Trisomy 6p has been
      observed in cutaneous melanomas; this case suggests that chromosome abnormalities
      in ocular melanomas may be similar to those from cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 3355995
TI  - A specific translocation, t(12;14)(q14-15;q23-24), characterizes a subgroup of
      uterine leiomyomas.
AB  - We have cytogenetically investigated short-term cultures initiated from 34
      uterine leiomyomas, all of which were histologically completely benign. Clonal
      chromosome abnormalities were detected in five cases, a normal female complement
      in 22, whereas, in the remaining seven tumors no karyotype could be established.
      Apparently identical reciprocal translocations, t(12;14)(q14-15;q23-24), were
      found as the sole abnormality in four tumors. The fifth abnormal case contained a
      t(2;14)(p11;p11). We conclude that chromosome aberrations may be found in myomas
      of the uterus, and that t(12;14)(q14-15;q23-24) characterizes a subset of these
      tumors.

PMID- 3355996
TI  - Translocation t(6;9)(p23;q34) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Two new patients
      without increased bone marrow basophils.

PMID- 3355997
TI  - Clonal chromosome rearrangements in a uterine myoma.
AB  - A cytogenetic study of a myoma of uterus with extensive hyaline, myxoid, and
      cystic degeneration revealed a clonal karyotype with a complex structural
      rearrangement involving chromosomes #3, #12, #14, #17, and #22. The modal
      chromosome number of the tumor was 45 due to monosomy #22. Analysis of seven
      additional myomas of the uterus including five tumors with typical histology and
      two with degenerative changes showed no clonal abnormalities. Single metaphases
      with a trisomy and a translocation were detected in two tumors. We conclude that
      although many uterine myomas appear to have normal karyotypes, clonal chromosome
      abnormalities are present in some of these tumors.

PMID- 3355998
TI  - Consistent breakpoints in region 14q22-q24 in uterine leiomyoma.
AB  - The chromosomes of nine consecutive human benign leiomyomas of the uterus were
      studied with banding methods following short-term culture. All of the tumors had
      a typical benign histology. Five exhibited clonal chromosome changes including
      three with consistent involvement of chromosomes 12 and 14 in a translocation,
      t(12;14)(q14-15;q23-q24), a direct insertion, dir ins(12;14)(p11.2;q22q24.1), and
      a direct insertion, dir ins(14;12)(q22-q23;q14-q15q23-q24.1). Thus, this study
      demonstrated the presence of consistent chromosome changes in another benign
      proliferation. Strikingly, the breakpoint observed at 12q14-q15 in two specimens
      is also involved nonrandomly in other benign proliferations such as mixed
      salivary gland tumors and lipomas. However, region 14q22-q24, which was involved
      in three specimens, may contain a DNA sequence critical for the genesis of
      uterine leiomyoma.

PMID- 3355999
TI  - Involvement of the long arm of chromosome 12 in chromosome rearrangements of
      uterine leiomyoma.

PMID- 3356000
TI  - Schedule-dependent variations in the response of murine P388 leukemia to
      cyclophosphamide in combination with interferons-alpha/beta.
AB  - Positive therapeutic effects of interferons (IFNs) in combination with other
      therapies will depend on defining modalities, doses, and timing of treatment in
      the setting of varied tumor burdens. When 10(4) P388 leukemia cells were
      inoculated i.p. on day 0 in BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 mice, all mice died within 18 days
      if left untreated. Murine IFN-alpha/beta (5 x 10(5) units) injected daily i.p. on
      days 5-9 resulted in 20% increase in life span (ILS) (P less than 0.0001).
      Cyclophosphamide (CY) (100, 33, or 15 mg/kg) was injected i.p. once 2 days before
      start (day 3), simultaneously with start (day 5), or 2 days after cessation of
      IFN treatment (day 11). When 100 mg/kg CY alone were injected on day 3 or 5, all
      mice survived more than 90 days and were considered cured. When IFN was given
      after this curative dose of CY, more tumor deaths occurred; up to 100% of the
      mice died when 100 mg/kg CY on day 3 were combined with IFN on days 5-9.
      Increased mortality with the combination was not due to added toxicity of CY and
      IFN since the mice developed abdominal tumors and ascites. Mice not inoculated
      with tumor cells and treated similarly suffered only a transient weight loss, had
      only moderate white count depression, and did not die. When IFN was injected
      before CY on days 1-5 (instead of days 5-9), IFN did not alter the effectiveness
      of CY (100 mg/kg on day 5). In contrast to these results, when CY (100 mg/kg) was
      administered on day 11, after IFN (days 5-9), an augmented survival occurred with
      119% ILS and 40% cures (CY alone on day 11 resulted in 69% ILS but no cures). In
      addition, when CY at a lower dose of 15 mg/kg was injected in combination with
      IFN, survival was consistently augmented by IFN; e.g., CY alone on day 3 caused
      40% ILS and with IFN (days 5-9) 60% ILS (P less than 0.0001). Qualitatively
      similar findings were obtained when P388 leukemia cells were inoculated s.c. and
      the drugs delivered i.p. Inhibition by IFN of antitumor effects of a second
      alkylating agent, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, was also identified.
      Thus, IFN-alpha/beta potentiated suboptimal CY effects for P388 leukemia, had
      neutral effects when injected before CY treatment, and inhibited antitumor
      activity of curative CY or nitrosourea schedules.

PMID- 3356001
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the action of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II),
      rhodamine 123(2) [tetrachloroplatinum(II)], rhodamine 123, and potassium
      tetrachloroplatinate in vitro and in vivo.
AB  - Platinum rhodamine 123 [Pt(Rh-123)2] was synthesized in an effort to produce a
      new drug which would have the selective uptake into carcinoma cells of Rh-123 and
      the alkylating and radiosensitizing properties of the chloroplatinum moiety.
      Because both Rh-123 and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) have been shown
      to become more cytotoxic at elevated temperatures, we tested the interactions
      between Pt(Rh-123)2 and hyperthermia both in EMT6 cells in vitro and in the Lewis
      lung carcinoma in vivo. In the EMT6 cells, CDDP was far more cytotoxic than Pt(Rh
      123)2 at 37 degrees C, but its cytotoxicity was less enhanced by exposure of
      cells to the drug at 42 degrees C than was true for Pt(Rh-123)2 [about 2 logs of
      increased killing at 42 degrees C after exposure to 10 microM CDDP versus over 3
      logs of increased killing at 42 degrees C after exposure to 500 microM Pt(Rh
      123)2]. Both Rh-123 and K2PtCl4 also are more cytotoxic to EMT6 cells at 42
      degrees C than at 37 degrees C, but the hyperthermic enhancement was far less
      striking. In the Lewis lung carcinoma, the growth delay produced by CDDP (8
      mg/kg) increased by a factor of approximately 2.5 when the drug was given i.p.
      just prior to local heating of the s.c. thigh tumor to 43 degrees C for 30 min,
      but the growth delay produced by Pt(Rh-123)2 (100 mg/kg) given i.p. 1 h before
      local hyperthermia increased by a factor of 5. In contrast, K2PtCl4 and Rh-123
      given i.p. produced very short growth delays at normal temperatures and these
      growth delays were not enhanced by hyperthermia. The effect of these drugs at 37
      degrees C and 42 degrees C on the conformation of superhelical pBR322 DNA was
      also examined. Exposure to CDDP caused progressive alteration from the
      supercoiled to the linear form of the DNA over time. In contrast, Pt(Rh-123)2
      apparently produced progressive degradation of the DNA. Hyperthermia did not
      alter the qualitative damage produced by the drugs but increased the rate at
      which the changes occurred. These results suggest both that Pt(Rh-123)2 probably
      has a different mechanism of action at the DNA than does CDDP and that Pt(Rh
      123)2 may be a good drug to use with local hyperthermia and radiation.

PMID- 3356002
TI  - Effect of hypoxia and acidosis on the cytotoxicity of four platinum complexes at
      normal and hyperthermic temperatures.
AB  - The cytotoxicities of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) and of three
      recently developed dichloro complexes of bivalent platinum with radiosensitizing
      ligands [(1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene)dichloroplatinum(II) (Plato), trans-bis(2
      amino-5-nitrothiazole)dichloroplatinum(II) (Plant), and trans-bis(2
      nitroimidazole)dichloroplatinum(II) (NIPt)] were evaluated at 37 degrees C, 42
      degrees C, and 43 degrees C at normal pH, at pH 6.45, and under normally
      oxygenated and hypoxic conditions in EMT6 cells in vitro. For CDDP, marked
      hyperthermic sensitization to the drug was evident in normally oxygenated cells,
      but hypoxic cells showed essentially no sensitization to the cytotoxicity of CDDP
      at elevated temperature at normal pH. Low pH further increased the cytotoxicity
      of CDDP toward normally oxygenated but not hypoxic cells at 37 degrees C and 42
      degrees C. At 43 degrees C, however, low pH increased the cytotoxicity of CDDP
      toward both normally oxygenated and hypoxic cells, restoring nearly the full
      sensitizing effect of hyperthermia on CDDP cytotoxicity in the hypoxic cells.
      Plato was much more cytotoxic toward hypoxic than normally oxygenated cells under
      all culture conditions. At normal pH, hyperthermia increased the cytotoxicity of
      Plato in both hypoxic and normally oxygenated cells. At low pH, however, the
      cytotoxicity of Plato was inhibited at all temperatures and in both normally
      oxygenated and hypoxic cells. Plant was also more toxic to both normally
      oxygenated and hypoxic cells at elevated temperatures at normal pH. In contrast
      to Plato, however, Plant became much more cytotoxic toward hypoxic cells and
      showed increased cytotoxicity in normally oxygenated cells at low pH.
      Hyperthermia, however, did not further increase the rate of cell killing by Plant
      at low pH. NIPt, at the concentrations tested, was essentially nontoxic to cells
      at normal pH at 37 degrees C. Hyperthermia significantly increased the killing of
      hypoxic cells by NIPt under both normal and low pH conditions, but little
      cytotoxicity was noted for NIPt in normally oxygenated cells under any culture
      conditions. These results demonstrate that pH and the level of oxygenation of
      cells significantly affect the cytotoxicity of drugs at both normal and elevated
      temperatures. This sort of investigation may help delineate optimum drugs for use
      against environmentally determined subpopulations of cells within tumors.

PMID- 3356003
TI  - Differential expression of a sialoglycoprotein with an approximate molecular
      weight of 900,000 on metastatic human colon carcinoma cells growing in culture
      and in tumor tissues.
AB  - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-binding cellular glycoproteins produced by HT-29
      human colon carcinoma and its variant cells established from liver metastases in
      nude mice after intrasplenic injection were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. On 5.5% polyacrylamide gels five major sialoglycoproteins
      (approximate Mr 115,000, 145,000, 190,000, 450,000, and 740,000) reactive with
      WGA were common to the parental and metastatic sublines. There was an additional
      component of Mr approximately 900,000 that was prominent in cells established
      from liver metastases. Specific removal of sialic acid from the glycoproteins
      eliminated WGA binding, indicating that all the WGA-binding glycoproteins
      including the Mr 900,000 component were sialoglycoproteins. Smith degradation
      following mild acid hydrolysis resulted in formation of WGA-binding carbohydrate
      chains on Mr 115,000, 145,000, 190,000, and 900,000 components, but not on Mr
      450,000 and 740,000 components, which indicated that these two sialoglycoproteins
      bore different oligosaccharides from the other sialoglycoproteins. The Mr 900,000
      component was more prominent with HT-29 cells growing in nude mice than those
      growing in vitro. WGA binding to the Mr 900,000 component of metastasis-derived
      HT-29 cells growing in a nude mouse was higher than that of parental cells
      growing in nude mice. The expression in liver metastases derived from parental as
      well as metastatic cells was higher than the primary tumor growing in the spleen
      of the same mouse, indicating that the levels of Mr 900,000 sialoglycoprotein
      (SGP = 900) were regulated by intrinsic and environmental factors. The influence
      of organ microenvironmental factors was confirmed by analyzing sialoglycoproteins
      of HT-29 cells growing in the liver of a nude mouse following intrahepatic
      injection. Analyses of human colorectal carcinoma tissues and liver metastases
      revealed a polydisperse WGA-reactive high-molecular-weight component similar to
      that seen in tumors growing in nude mice. The mean value of WGA binding to high
      molecular-weight glycoproteins in the primary tumors of stage B1 patients was
      smaller than that of all other primary tumors. Comparison of primary tumors with
      liver metastases from the same patients indicated that the level of SGP-900-like
      high-molecular-weight glycoproteins in metastases was not always higher than
      those in primary tumors.

PMID- 3356004
TI  - Effect of recombinant human interferon-alpha A/D on in vivo murine tumor cell
      growth.
AB  - We investigated the effect of human recombinant interferon-alpha A/D A/D-IFN),
      which is known to delay the growth of murine tumor cells, on the growth of S1 and
      R1 subline cells of murine Meth A fibrosarcoma in the peritoneal cavity of mice.
      In vitro growth of S1 cells was sensitive to, and that of R1 cells was resistant
      to, the direct effect of A/D-IFN, as with murine natural IFN-alpha/beta, which
      was used originally to isolate these sublines. In vivo, however, the growth of
      not only S1 cells but also R1 cells was suppressed by the administration of A/D
      IFN, and the survival time of tumor-bearing mice was prolonged. Although A/D-IFN
      had a direct effect on S1 cells in vivo, R1 cells were susceptible only to the
      indirect effect via the host cells. Macrophages (M phi) harvested from the
      peritoneal cavity of A/D-IFN-treated mice bearing ascitic R1 cells were very
      effective in suppressing the in vitro growth of R1 cells; those from non-R1
      bearing A/D-IFN-treated mice were less effective. The results of in vitro
      experiments indicate that M phi are very probably activated by the synergism of
      A/D-IFN and M phi diameter-activating factor(s) produced by lymphoid cells in
      tumor-bearing mice.

PMID- 3356005
TI  - Evidence for inhibition of growth related to compromised DNA synthesis in the
      interaction of daunorubicin with H-35 rat hepatoma.
AB  - The H-35 rat hepatoma is relatively insensitive to the anthracycline antibiotic,
      daunorubicin (DNR), requiring 0.25 microM daunorubicin for inhibition of cell
      proliferation by 50%. Studies were undertaken to investigate the basis for the
      apparent intrinsic resistance in this cell line. The relative insensitivity of
      the H-35 cells to DNR is not a function of metabolic inactivation of DNR to
      deoxyaglycone derivatives; after a 2-h incubation, less than 10% of drug is
      metabolized, exclusively by conversion to daunorubicinol. The limited toxicity of
      DNR to the rat hepatoma may be explained, in part, by the absence of DNA strand
      breaks at daunorubicin concentrations up to 1 microM while higher (supraclinical)
      DNR concentrations (5 and 10 microM) produce direct, "non-protein-associated" DNA
      strand breaks. Limited daunorubicin toxicity in this tumor cell line may also be
      related to the apparent absence of free radical-mediated cellular damage as the
      free radical scavengers dimethyl sulfoxide, catalase, methanol, and mannitol fail
      to reverse the inhibitory effect of 1 microM DNR on cell proliferation.
      Daunorubicin does not induce leakage of the cytoplasmic enzyme, glutamic
      oxaloacetate transaminase, or diminish mitochondrial enzyme function. Conversely,
      while drug effects on RNA synthesis are small, and protein synthesis is minimally
      diminished, inhibition of cell proliferation corresponds closely with inhibition
      of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3356006
TI  - Effects of chronic pH 6.6 on growth, intracellular pH, and response to 42.0
      degrees C hyperthermia of Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Culturing Chinese hamster ovary cells in low pH (6.6) medium for several months
      altered the reproductive survival of these cells to combined low pH treatments
      and 42.0 degrees C heating. We isolated new pH-resistant cells (identified as pHV
      2) with enhanced ability to grow and divide under a low pH (6.6) environment.
      Their growth characteristics include (a) a plating efficiency of 70%, (b) a
      doubling time of 16 to 17 h, and (c) a steady state intracellular pH 0.12 pH
      units higher than for cells grown at a normal pH of 7.3. The pHV-2 cells had 100-
      to 200-fold increases in survival after 5 h of heating compared to cells
      incubated at low pH (6.6) for 4 h prior to and during the heat treatments. In
      addition, they developed a significant degree of thermotolerance. We measured a
      progressive decline in the intracellular pH as a function of time at 42.0 degrees
      C. However, the decrease in the intracellular pH did not seem to be correlated
      with the increased heat sensitivity. The ability to select for low pH variants
      may have important implications in the extrapolation of in vitro hyperthermic
      data to the in vivo situation.

PMID- 3356007
TI  - Role of necrosis in regulating the growth saturation of multicellular spheroids.
AB  - Growth curves for multicellular spheroids of 15 different tumor and normal cell
      lines were characterized by doubling times which decreased with increasing growth
      until a stable saturation was attained. In spite of the identical and constant
      conditions during growth, the size at saturation varied by factors of 67 in
      spheroid volume and 75 in cell content. These saturation sizes showed no
      correlation with the monolayer doubling times or clonogenic efficiencies, the
      initial spheroid growth rate or clonogenic capacity at saturation, the cell
      packing density, or the species of origin and type of cell line. There was a
      strong correlation between the maximal spheroid size and the size at which
      necrosis initially developed, suggesting control by necrosis. Crude extracts
      prepared from spheroids with extensive necrosis showed dose-dependent cytostatic
      and cytotoxic activities against monolayer cultures, while similar extracts from
      spheroids without necrosis had little effect. This activity was also detected in
      the culture medium to which the large spheroids had been exposed prior to
      preparation of extracts, suggesting that the responsible factor(s) can diffuse
      through the spheroid. The extract from spheroids of one cell line inhibited the
      growth and clonogenicity of four other cell lines, including human diploid
      fibroblasts. DNA content profiles measured during exposure to this extract showed
      that the cytostatic effect was not due to the arrest of cells in a specific cell
      cycle phase. The cell volumes were increased during culture in medium containing
      the extract from spheroids with extensive necrosis. These data support the
      hypothesis that growth saturation in spheroids is regulated by factors produced,
      released, or activated during the process of necrosis and suggest that these
      toxic factors have potential therapeutic use.

PMID- 3356008
TI  - Collagen chemoembolization: pharmacokinetics and tissue tolerance of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in porcine liver and rabbit kidney.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of chemoembolization with a fibrous collagen carrier was studied
      in rabbit kidney and porcine liver models. Cisplatin (1 mg/ml) chemoembolization
      of liver and kidney was compared with i.v. and intraarterial cisplatin infusion.
      Tissue platinum concentration [Pt] was measured at 2.5 h by atomic absorption
      spectrometry. Renal platinum retention and Angiostat (collagen for embolization)
      concentration were linearly related (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001). At 10 mg/ml
      collagen for embolization, chemoembolized kidney [Pt] was 220 +/- 50 (SE; n = 4)
      times contralateral kidney [Pt], and 62 and 23 times renal [Pt] by i.v. and
      intraarterial infusion, respectively. At 10 mg/ml collagen for embolization,
      chemoembolized liver [Pt] was 2 times hepatic [Pt] by i.v. and intraarterial
      infusion. Since hepatic tumor vasculature is end arterial, chemoembolization
      should yield high [Pt] in tumor (as in kidney) but lower levels in normal liver.

PMID- 3356009
TI  - Protection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against the antiproliferative effect of
      mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) by 5-N,N-dimethylamiloride.
AB  - 5-N,N-Dimethylamiloride protects Ehrlich ascites tumor cells against the
      antiproliferative effect of nitrogen mustard. The drug reduces the frequency of
      DNA interstrand cross-links introduced by nitrogen mustard. Cells with a
      defective choline carrier are not protected against nitrogen mustard by
      dimethylamiloride. As nitrogen mustard is taken up by the choline carrier, it is
      concluded that the recently reported inhibition of the choline transport system
      by amiloride and its dimethyl derivatives (W. Doppler et al., Biochem.
      Pharmacol., 36: 1645-1649, 1987) is responsible for the protection against the
      alkylating agent.

PMID- 3356010
TI  - Quantitative structure-activity studies on effects of sixteen different steroids
      on growth and monooxygenases of rat liver.
AB  - Sixteen steroids with different endocrine activities were administered to female
      rats for 6 or 7 days, in a broad range of doses. Liver growth was recorded by
      measuring weight and DNA contents and monooxygenase activity by assaying the
      turnover of five different substrates. According to their effects on these
      parameters steroids were assigned into one of the following three groups: (a)
      Estrogens estradiol and ethinylestradiol, as well as the progestins norethynodrel
      and norethisterone (norethindrone) which have estrogenic activity in rats. These
      agents induced pronounced liver growth and excessive DNA increase which was not
      associated with major monooxygenase induction. (b) A different type of response
      consisted of liver growth and DNA increase associated with a pronounced induction
      of monooxygenase(s) in a characteristic pattern. This response was elicited by
      pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitril, by progestins progesterone, cyproterone
      acetate, and medroxyprogesterone (but not gestoden and levonorgestrel), by the
      antimineralocorticoid spironolactone and by the glucocorticoids cortisol and
      dexamethasone. Apparently, this response pattern was not related to any specific
      endocrine action but to certain structural features, in particular to the
      presence of a saturated, at least two-membered alkyl substituent at C17 of the
      steroid ring system. (c) No or small effects were observed after gestoden,
      levonorgestrel and the androgens testosterone and methyltestosterone. Dose
      response stuides revealed that estrogens estradiol and EE2 induced hepatic
      effects more potently by four orders of magnitude than progestins. The response
      patterns observed may be relevant to the tumor-promoting activity of some of the
      steroids tested.

PMID- 3356012
TI  - Uniqueness of each spontaneous transformant from a clone of BALB/c 3T3 cells.
AB  - Seeding 2 X 10(4) cells from a clone of BALB/c 3T3 cells in agar led to the
      formation of about 100 small colonies (approximate diameter, 0.2 mm) and two
      large colonies (1-mm diameter). Seven of the former and both of the latter were
      isolated, and the morphology and growth properties of their cells were observed
      in repeated weekly passages. The seven subclones derived from the smaller agar
      colonies spread out on the dish and multiplied more slowly than the parental
      clone on plastic, but six of them produced more colonies in agar than the
      parental clone. The two subclones derived from the larger agar colonies had a
      fully transformed morphology, multiplied much faster than the parental clone on
      plastic, and produced a high percentage of large colonies in agar. Each of the
      subclones could be distinguished morphologically from the others and from the
      parental clone, and most of them could be distinguished on the basis of their
      colony-forming efficiency in agar. Most of the secondary subclones derived from
      an early passage on plastic of one of the two large agar clones, died out on the
      second passage after their isolation. Secondary subclones derived from the same
      subclone five weeks later had a wide range of fluctuating growth rates, but did
      not die out on passage. The two rapidly growing subclones derived from large agar
      colonies initiated fast-growing tumors in nude mice. None of the other subclones
      produced any visible growth in nude mice over a 3-month period. Large agar
      colonies of fast growing, morphologically transformed cells appeared once during
      further passage of the parental clone and two of the subclones. The results
      reveal a surprising degree of heritable diversity in morphology and growth
      characteristics of the progeny from a clonal line of nontransformed cells. They
      also indicate that, in this cell line, only those cells that have a high
      efficiency (greater than 20%) of large colony formation in agar have the capacity
      to form tumors in nude mice.

PMID- 3356013
TI  - Kinetics of phenobarbital inhibition of intercellular communication in mouse
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in untreated and phenobarbital
      treated C57BL/6 X C3H F1 mouse hepatocytes was evaluated by microinjection of
      fluorescent Lucifer Yellow CH dye. Intercellular communication (dye coupling) was
      detected in untreated hepatocytes after 0.5 h in culture, reached a maximum level
      in 24- and 48-h-old cultures (85.2%), and then decreased over the next 72 h.
      Phenobarbital (20-500 micrograms/ml) decreased dye coupling in a dose-related
      manner when added to freshly plated cultures. This inhibitory effect was evident
      during 0.5-12 h of treatment but was not seen in cultures treated for 24 h.
      Phenobarbital also decreased dye coupling within 30 min when added to established
      (24-h-old) hepatocyte cultures. This effect was maximal after 2 h treatment. In
      these cultures, dye coupling recovered within 15 min after removal of the
      promoter. Hepatocytes, pretreated with phenobarbital for 24 h, did not show
      inhibition of dye coupling after reapplication of phenobarbital. Thus,
      phenobarbital inhibited mouse hepatocyte dye coupling rapidly and reversibly, and
      the cells became refractory to the inhibitory effect after prolonged treatment.

PMID- 3356011
TI  - P-450 enzyme induction by 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin and 5,5-diethylhydantoin,
      analogues of barbiturate tumor promoters phenobarbital and barbital, and
      promotion of liver and thyroid carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitrosodiethylamine
      in rats.
AB  - Male F344/NCr rats, 6 wk old, were fed 500 ppm of phenobarbital (PB) or equimolar
      doses of either 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin (EPH) or 5,5-diethylhydantoin (EEH) in
      diet for 2 wk and hepatic cytochrome P-450-mediated alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase
      and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were determined. Both PB and EPH greatly
      increased P-450-mediated enzyme activities in rat liver while EEH was
      ineffective. To evaluate the hydantoins as tumor promoters, 5-wk-old male F344
      rats were given a single i.p. injection of 75 mg N-nitrosodiethylamine/kg body
      weight. Beginning 2 wk later, they were placed either on normal diet or diet
      containing 500 ppm of PB or equimolar doses of EPH or EEH for the remaining
      experimental period. Control groups received an i.p. injection of saline followed
      by each of the test diets. Animals were sacrificed at either 52 or 78 wk. PB and
      EPH significantly enhanced the development of hepatocellular foci and
      hepatocellular adenomas at 52 wk and hepatocellular carcinomas at 78 wk in N
      nitrosodiethylamine-initiated rats. Neither the incidence of hepatocellular
      neoplasms nor the number and size of hepatocellular foci was significantly
      increased by EEH. At 78 wk, both PB and EPH enhanced the development of thyroid
      follicular cell neoplasms in N-nitrosodiethylamine-initiated rats while no such
      enhancement was observed with EEH. Thus, EPH, a long-acting
      sedative/anticonvulsant, like the structurally similar PB, promoted
      hepatocellular and thyroid follicular cell carcinogenesis and induced the PB
      inducible form(s) of cytochrome P-450 (P-450b) in rats. In contrast, EEH unlike
      barbital failed to promote hepatocellular and thyroid follicular cell
      carcinogenesis and also failed to induce PB-inducible form(s) of cytochrome P-450
      in rats.

PMID- 3356014
TI  - MACG1, a mouse monoclonal antibody detecting a monosialoganglioside expressed in
      tumor-infiltrating macrophages.
AB  - MacG1 is a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against a ganglioside, which
      is differentially expressed by macrophages infiltrating malignant melanomas and
      benign melanocytic lesions. mAb MacG1 was obtained by immunization with liposomes
      containing a mixture of gangliosides extracted from malignant melanoma. The
      antibody was selected for binding to melanoma gangliosides and for reactivity
      with frozen tissue sections of malignant melanoma. mAb MacG1 showed reactivity in
      25 of 46 melanomas examined but in only 1 of 51 nevi tested. The mAb did not
      react with melanoma cells but did with cytoplasmic granules and deposits
      associated with large dispersed cells, which were also found in some
      nonmelanomatous tumors and in some lymphoid tissues. Using mAbs directed against
      differentiation antigens these cells were identified as macrophages. In nearly
      all reactive tissues MacG1-positive macrophages accounted for a minority of the
      total macrophages. The difference in reactivity between malignant melanomas and
      nevi could not be explained by the variable numbers of total macrophages in these
      lesions. It is suggested that mAb MacG1 may define a functionally distinct
      subpopulation of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Staining of cells other than
      macrophages was observed in some normal and malignant neural tissues. MacG1 bound
      to a monosialoganglioside extracted from melanoma and reacted only with NeuAc
      alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer when tested with a panel of ganglioside standards.

PMID- 3356015
TI  - Chromosomal localization of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family and
      differential expression in various tumors.
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein which is important as a tumor
      marker for a number of human cancers. It is a member of a gene family comprising
      about 10 closely related genes. In order to characterize mRNAs transcribed from
      individual genes we have identified by DNA and RNA hybridization experiments,
      gene-specific sequences from the 3' noncoding regions of CEA, and of nonspecific
      cross-reacting antigen (NCA) mRNAs, which have been recently cloned. With these
      probes, CEA mRNAs with lengths of 3.5 and 3.0 kilobases and an NCA mRNA species
      of 2.5 kilobases were identified in various human tumors. A 2.2-kilobase mRNA
      species, however, could only be detected in leukocytes of patients with chronic
      myeloid leukemia by hybridization with a probe from the immunoglobulin-like
      repeat domain of CEA. This region is known to be very similar among the various
      members of the CEA gene family, and indeed the probe hybridizes with all four
      mRNA species. In situ hybridization with a cross-hybridizing probe from the NCA
      gene localized the members of the CEA gene family to the short and to the long
      arm of chromosome 19. In addition, a CEA cDNA probe was found to hybridize to the
      long arm of chromosome 19 only.

PMID- 3356016
TI  - Alteration of cholesterol biosynthetic pathways in the skin of mice administered
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - When polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were applied solely or together with a
      tumor promoter (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) to the skin of mice, a
      marked decrease in the level of lathosterol was observed, reflecting a
      significant change in the metabolism of sterols. Yet the total amount of
      cholesterol was not changed. When diazacholesterol (a metabolic inhibitor) was
      administered to mice, both desmosterol and 5 alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol
      accumulated in the skin, whereas the level of lathosterol decreased. These
      results seem to suggest that a significant portion of lathosterol is formed via 5
      alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol in addition to the pathway through
      methostenol. When polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was applied to the skin of the
      mouse treated with diazacholesterol, a significant increase of desmosterol and a
      marked drop of the level of 5 alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol were observed.
      These results strongly suggest that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons perturb the
      metabolism of sterol in the skin of mice while keeping the total amount of
      cholesterol unchanged. A similar metabolism also seems to be operating in tumor
      tissue itself.

PMID- 3356017
TI  - Phase I trial of escalating dose doxorubicin administered concurrently with alpha
      2-interferon.
AB  - The clinical use of alpha 2-interferon and doxorubicin is based on in vitro and
      preclinical in vivo observations of synergistic antitumor efficacy. To test this
      combination a Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the concurrent use of
      alpha 2-interferon and doxorubicin was initiated in patients with malignant solid
      tumors. Each 5-wk treatment cycle consisted of 3 wk of drug administration and 2
      wk of rest. The alpha 2-interferon was administered s.c. at a constant dose of 10
      million IU/m2 on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays in all patients while the
      doxorubicin was administered weekly beginning with a dose of 5 mg/m2 and
      escalated to the maximum tolerated dose of 25 mg/m2. At least three evaluable
      patients were entered at each dose level, and no dose escalations were allowed
      within patients. The dose-limiting toxicities were granulocytopenia and
      thrombocytopenia. Hepatic enzyme elevations and systemic symptoms due to
      interferon occurred at all dose levels. None was severe or dose limiting, and all
      were reversible. These toxicity data suggest that the hepatotoxic effects of
      interferon do not enhance doxorubicin toxicity when given by this dose and
      schedule. Doxorubicin plasma levels were measured at each dose level. The
      recommended dose of doxorubicin is 25 mg/m2 per wk when administered with 10
      million IU/m2 of interferon in this schedule. This schedule allows for the
      administration of a greater total dose of doxorubicin than has been achieved when
      given every 3 wk with the same dose and schedule of alpha 2-interferon in a
      parallel study.

PMID- 3356018
TI  - Normal G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity and cell survival in the cancer family
      syndrome.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that elevated chromosomal aberration yields
      following X-irradiation of skin fibroblasts in the G2 phase of the cell cycle are
      characteristic of affected members of cancer-prone families. These studies
      propose that this phenomenon is a consequence of impaired DNA repair and might be
      a useful predictor of genetic susceptibility to cancer. We have tested G2
      chromosomal X-ray sensitivity in skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood
      lymphocytes from members of a kindred with the cancer family syndrome, a disorder
      in which susceptibility to colon cancer and other epithelial cancers is inherited
      in an autosomal dominant pattern. Further, using a cell survival assay, we tested
      cancer family syndrome skin fibroblasts for sensitivity to four classes of
      mutagens, including X-rays. In the assays used, skin fibroblasts and lymphocytes
      from both affected and unaffected family members exhibited responses
      indistinguishable from normal controls. Karyotypic analysis of lymphocytes and
      fibroblasts revealed no consistent constitutional cytogenetic abnormality. Thus,
      affected patients with the cancer family syndrome do not have increased
      sensitivity to irradiation and chemical mutagens and lack a germ-line chromosomal
      defect.

PMID- 3356019
TI  - Influence of whole body protein turnover rate on resting energy expenditure in
      patients with cancer.
AB  - Whole body protein turnover and resting energy expenditure are measured
      simultaneously in weight stable and weight losing patients with lung (n = 22) or
      colorectal cancer (n = 38). These results were compared with those from weight
      stable and weight losing non-cancer controls (n = 22). Rates of whole body
      protein turnover were calculated from the plateau isotopic enrichment of urinary
      ammonia and urea following a primed, continuous, 24-h infusion of [15N]glycine.
      Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry. All groups of
      cancer patients had significantly elevated rates of whole body protein turnover
      (P less than 0.05) and synthesized, on average, 1.9 g/kg/day more protein
      compared with weight stable non-cancer controls. In contrast, the resting energy
      expenditure of cancer patients and controls was similar. Moreover, there was no
      correlation between individual rates of whole body protein turnover. Thus,
      although cancer patients had rates of whole body protein turnover which were 50
      70% greater than controls, this did not result in a measurable increase in
      resting energy expenditure. The assumption that elevation of whole body protein
      turnover or resting energy expenditure causes weight loss in cancer patients must
      be an oversimplification. An acute phase protein response was observed in the
      majority of cancer patients. Although the presence of such an inflammatory
      response did not correlate with the rate of whole body protein turnover, the role
      of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of disturbed protein metabolism in
      cancer patients merits further investigation.

PMID- 3356020
TI  - Modulation of natural killer cell activity by serum from cancer patients:
      preliminary results of a study of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma or
      other types of cancer.
AB  - As previously reported for natural killer (NK) cells of normal individuals, prior
      incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from cancer patients with human normal
      serum or monomeric immunoglobulin G reduced their subsequent capacity to kill
      K562 target cells in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. The NK activity of such treated
      effector cells was significantly inhibited only by 58% of sera from patients with
      colorectal adenocarcinoma (21 of 36 cases) and by 67% of sera from patients with
      other lymphoid or nonlymphoid solid tumors (22 of 33 cases). The cytotoxic
      activity of cells previously incubated with eight noninhibitory sera was even
      augmented relative to medium-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes (control). The
      26 untreated cancer sera which did not inhibit significantly the NK activity (I-)
      always developed significant inhibitory capacity upon heating at 56 degrees C for
      30 min (delta+). An additional seven (21%) patients with colorectal carcinoma and
      four (27%) patients with other cancers were identified as having type II NK
      regulation, defined as sera with untreated inhibitory capacity (I+) but with
      appreciably more inhibition after heating (delta+). The sera of the last group of
      patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (14 of 36 cases) defined as having type
      III NK regulation were not different from control sera isolated from normal
      individuals (I+ delta-) except that they induced an inhibition greater than that
      caused by normal sera. The modulatory characteristics of sera from the first two
      categories of patients appear to be cancer associated, since the patterns I-
      delta+ or I+ delta+ were observed with sera from only one of 30 patients with
      benign digestive diseases and two of 100 apparently healthy individuals.
      Preliminary results of longitudinal investigations of patients with colorectal
      adenocarcinoma revealed also that these patterns disappeared several months after
      resection of their tumor in all five tested patients, whereas the type III NK
      regulation found in patients with poor prognostic factors was unchanged after
      surgery in the other five of six patients. The three different categories of
      cancer sera identified by the functional assay of NK regulation indicated
      differences among our group of patients which were not paralleled by differences
      in levels of cytotoxic reactivity of their NK cells assayed in vitro in the
      absence of autologous serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3356021
TI  - Culture and Christianity: where do we draw the line?

PMID- 3356022
TI  - Deaf to the world.

PMID- 3356023
TI  - Disaster--it affected millions and changed my life.

PMID- 3356025
TI  - [Changes in blood platelet aggregation in patients with cerebral ischemia].

PMID- 3356026
TI  - [Disorders of calcium metabolism in diseases of the thyroid evaluated by the
      calcium tolerance test].

PMID- 3356024
TI  - Location of the O-acetyl substituents on a nonasaccharide repeating unit of
      sycamore extracellular xyloglucan.
AB  - The locations of the O-acetyl substituents on the major nonasaccharide repeating
      unit of the xyloglucan isolated from sycamore extracellular polysaccharides were
      determined by a combination of analytical methods, including f.a.b.-m.s. and 1H
      n.m.r. spectroscopy. The O-2-linked-beta-D-galactosyl residue of the
      nonasaccharide was found to be the dominant site of O-acetyl substitution. Both
      mono-O-acetylated and di-O-acetylated beta-D-galactosyl residues were detected.
      The degree of O-acetylation of the beta-D-galactosyl residue, was estimated by 1H
      n.m.r. spectroscopy to be 55-60% at O-6, 15-20% at O-4, and 20-25% at O-3. 1H
      n.m.r. spectroscopy also indicated that approximately 50% of the beta-D
      galactosyl residues are mono-O-acetylated, 25-30% are di-O-acetylated, and 20%
      are not acetylated.

PMID- 3356027
TI  - [Possibilities of the clinical use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring].

PMID- 3356028
TI  - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. A case report of successful treatment with
      plasmapheresis].

PMID- 3356029
TI  - [A natural or an artificial living environment?].

PMID- 3356030
TI  - [Rules for predicting the formation of metal complexes with drugs from the aspect
      of their adverse effects].

PMID- 3356031
TI  - [The effect of peroral administration of isosorbide dinitrate on portal pressure
      and flow in patients with liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3356032
TI  - [Acylpyrin and glucose homeostasis in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3356033
TI  - [Assessment of the teratogenic risk of drugs administered in the perinatal
      period].

PMID- 3356034
TI  - [Risk factors in old age].

PMID- 3356035
TI  - [Energy requirements in the aged].

PMID- 3356036
TI  - [Ceroid-lipofuscinosis: biochemical, morphological and clinical correlates].

PMID- 3356037
TI  - [Drinking water is not just H2O].

PMID- 3356038
TI  - [ABO blood groups in cleft lip and palate].

PMID- 3356039
TI  - [Leukocyte infiltration of tumors].

PMID- 3356040
TI  - The differentiation behaviour of MDCK cells grown on matrix components and in
      collagen gels.
AB  - MDCK cells are grown on various substrates (Thermanox pure, extracellular matrix
      (ECM), dried or wet collagen type I or type III), on floating collagen and
      enclosed in collagen gels, and their differentiation behaviour is investigated
      electron microscopically. The cells grown on ECM or dried collagen (type I and
      type III) do not show any changes as compared with the controls (Thermanox).
      Differentiation processes can only be observed when the cells are grown on wet
      collagen (type I and type III), especially on floating collagen and enclosed in
      collagen gels. These differentiation processes comprise changes in the cell
      shape, an increase in the number of microvilli, an increase in the length of the
      lateral contact zone with the formation of gap junctions and desmosomes, and an
      increase in the number and size of the cell organelles. A basement membrane only
      develops in the form of short segments. Moreover, on floating collagen and in
      collagen gels three-dimensional, organoid structures develop: cell aggregates
      with central lumina and tubuli. They are formed by cuboid cells that also exhibit
      indications of differentiation. Basement membrane fragments occur more often and
      are longer. It can be concluded from these findings that the chemical structure
      of the substrate does not play the primary role in the described process. It is
      rather the physical properties, probably the plasticity, that are of
      significance. Due to this property the cells change their shape and the contact
      areas increase in size. The establishment of contacts might be the triggering
      factor for differentiation. Organoid structures with lumina develop when the
      apical surface comes into contact with other cells or collagen gels. The
      pronounced tendency towards polarization necessitates a re-arrangement of three
      dimensionally growing cells to structures with lumina. The formation of the
      basement membrane is the result and not the cause of differentiation.

PMID- 3356041
TI  - Retina cognin does not bind to itself during membrane interaction in vitro.
AB  - Retina cognin (R-cognin) is an intrinsic membrane protein of vertebrate retinal
      cells which supports tissue-specific cell adhesion and mediates cell type
      specific associations during development. As a first step in understanding how R
      cognin mediates specific adhesion of retinal cell membranes, we asked if cognin
      bound to another cognin molecule or to a different macromolecule, a possible
      cognin-binding protein. To do this, we constructed an affinity column with
      retinal cell membrane proteins (enriched for cognin) bound to the matrix.
      Proteins in a detergent extract of retinal cell membranes were exposed to this
      matrix and those which bound specifically eluted and identified by
      immunoelectrophoresis. Most prominent among these was a protein with an apparent
      mass of 64 kDa. The binding of this material to the column was blocked by cognin
      antibody. To eliminate possible artifacts of molecular interactions in vitro, we
      sought independent confirmation that 64 kDa protein actually bound R-cognin.
      Using a modified retina membrane vesicle system, we asked what proteins could be
      photoaffinity cross-linked to cognin during vesicle aggregation. Cross-linking
      produced a 114 kDa complex on gels which could be resolved into a 50 kDa (cognin)
      and a 64 kDa band under reducing conditions. Identification of a 64 kDa protein
      by independent techniques suggests that cognin promotes association of embryonic
      chick neural retina cells by binding to this macromolecule or these molecules.
      Identification of a second component in the mechanism should allow elucidation of
      cognin's role in mediating cell-cell interactions in developing neural retina.

PMID- 3356042
TI  - A cell surface phosphoprotein of 48 kDa specific for myoblast fusion.
AB  - The data we present here permit us to affirm that a 48 kDa phosphoprotein is the
      target of extracellular Ca2+ during fusion. It is detected only in fusion
      competent L6 myoblasts and not in the fusion-defective spontaneous stable
      variants we isolated. The phosphorylation of this protein species can be totally
      inhibited by culturing myoblasts in a medium containing low Ca2+ concentrations
      (0.250 mM). However, under such conditions myoblasts do not fuse, but withdraw
      from the cell cycle and accumulate the muscle isoform of creatine kinase (M-CK).
      The results we have obtained support the following conclusions: (1) in fusion
      competent cells, overall Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of cell surface proteins
      appears to be necessary, but is not sufficient by itself for myoblast fusion; (2)
      the phosphorylation of a 48 kDa protein species is required for cell fusion; and
      (3) the phosphorylation of this 48 kDa protein is independent of other main
      events of cellular differentiation.

PMID- 3356043
TI  - Fluorescence microscopy study of polymorphonuclear leukocyte substrate attached
      materials.
AB  - We describe a technique to visualize substrate-attached materials (SAM) of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) using the fluorescent lipid analog 1,1'
      dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3',-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-perchlorate (DiC18Icc).
      DiC18Icc was incorporated into the membranes of living cells or SAMs. Since cell
      preparation does not require fixation, SAMs can be rapidly visualized by
      fluorescence microscopy. SAMs are generated by subjecting attached cells to a
      shearing force by rinsing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The SAM-labeling
      protocol identified a membrane compartment as shown by detergent extraction. The
      SAMs of PMN leukocytes observed with this technique display complex patterns of
      interconnecting filaments, foci with radiating filaments, and smooth membranous
      areas with interconnecting filaments. The sensitivity and nondestructive nature
      of the DiC18Icc-labeling procedure have allowed us to observe filopodia of motile
      cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that locomotion involves a
      series of attachment and detachment steps. After 60 minutes of locomotion, these
      trailing filopodia have been measured at lengths up to 100 micron. The amount of
      membrane associated with these filopodia accounts for roughly 10% of the total
      membrane area of resting cells. These data set limits for models of membrane flow
      during chemotaxis.

PMID- 3356044
TI  - Actin filament patterns in mouse lens epithelium: a study of the effects of
      aging, injury, and genetics.
AB  - Using mainly fluorescence microscopy after rhodamine-phalloidin staining, the F
      actin distribution in the mouse lens epithelium was studied with regard to the
      effects of age, genetic strain, and mechanical injury. These studies have
      revealed that aside from its association with the plasma membrane the structural
      organization of F-actin in the mouse lens epithelium in situ is characterized by
      two major configurations: (1) a filamentous arrangement in such patterns as
      stress fibers, polygonal arrays (PAs), and meshworks, and (2) a highly
      concentrated structure called a sequestered actin bundle (SAB). The aging study
      indicated that the SAB is a consistent character in C57BL/6 mice from the age of
      5 wk on, but not in CF1 mice. The size and shape of the SAB change gradually with
      age as inferred from two-dimensional measurements. The genetic study on the SAB
      character using hybrids and congenic strains showed that it is inherited as a
      Mendelian dominant, probably multigenic mode. Finally, the injury study revealed
      a structural modification in cells around the wound, including flattening of
      cells at the edge and extension of processes into the wound space. In the rest of
      the epithelium, injury amplified membrane infolding and fluorescence of polygonal
      arrays but diminished the size and fluorescence intensity of SABs. These changes
      are thought to be correlated with wound repair involving cell division and
      migration. These studies illustrate the variability in F-actin expression in situ
      in lens epithelial cells that can be induced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

PMID- 3356046
TI  - Ultrastructure and motion analysis of permeabilized Paramecium capable of
      motility and regulation of motility.
AB  - Structural and behavioral features of intact and permeabilized Paramecium
      tetraurelia have been defined as a basis for study of Ca2+ control of ciliary
      reversal. Motion analysis of living paramecia shows that all the cells in a
      population swim forward with gently curving spirals at speeds averaging 369 +/-
      19 microns/second. Ciliary reversal occurs in 10% of the cell population per
      second. Living paramecia, quick-fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
      show metachronal waves and an effective stroke obliquely toward the posterior end
      of the cell. Upon treatment with Triton X-100, swimming ceases and both scanning
      and transmission electron microscopy reveal cilia that uniformly project
      perpendicularly from the cell surface. Thin sections of these cells indicate that
      the ciliary, cell, and outer alveolar membranes are greatly disrupted or entirely
      missing and that the cytoplasm is also disrupted. These permeabilized paramecia
      can be reactivated and are capable of motility and regulation of motility. Motion
      analysis of cells reactivated with Mg2+ and ATP in low Ca2+ buffer (pCa greater
      than 7) shows that 71% swim forward in straight or curved paths at speeds
      averaging 221 +/- 20 microns/second. When these cells are quick-fixed for SEM the
      metachronal wave patterns of living, forward swimming cells reappear. Motion
      analysis of permeabilized cells reactivated in high Ca2+ buffers (pCa 5.5) shows
      that 94% swim backward in tight spirals at a velocity averaging 156 +/- 7
      microns/second. SEM reveals a metachronal wave pattern with an effective stroke
      toward the anterior region. Although the permeabilized cells do not reverse
      spontaneously, the pCa response is preserved and the Ca2+ switch remains intact.
      The ciliary axonemes are largely exposed to the external environment. Therefore,
      the behavioral responses of these permeabilized cells depend on interaction of
      Ca2+ with molecules that remain bound to the axonemes throughout the extraction
      and reactivation procedures.

PMID- 3356045
TI  - Characterization of villin from the intestinal brush border of the rat, and
      comparative analysis with avian villin.
AB  - The biochemical properties of villin purified from the brush borders of chicken
      and rat small intestines were compared, with emphasis on their physical
      properties and their Ca++-dependent interaction with actin. Like chicken villin,
      rat villin exists as two isoforms present in equimolar concentrations; the rat
      isoforms are slightly more acidic than those of chicken villin (6.08 and 6.11
      versus 6.26 and 6.34). Rabbit antisera raised against either villin crossreacted
      with the other one. Like the avian protein, rat villin bundled F-actin at calcium
      concentrations below 0.1 microM. Above approximately 1 microM calcium, it
      accelerated the rate of actin assembly and restricted filament lengths of F-actin
      formed either during coassembly with villin or by addition of villin to preformed
      filaments. The threshold calcium concentration required for effective severing of
      preformed filaments was approximately tenfold higher than that required for
      restricting lengths during coassembly. The extent of filament shortening was
      proportional to the amount of villin present. At a fixed villin concentration,
      filament length decreased with increasing [Ca++] over a broad range from 10(-7)
      10(-4) M. In general, the mean filament lengths and the dispersion about the mean
      value were lower in samples where filaments were coassembled with villin than
      when villin was added to preformed filaments.

PMID- 3356047
TI  - Unfertilized sea urchin eggs contain a discrete cortical shell of actin that is
      subdivided into two organizational states.
AB  - Changes in the distribution and organizational state of actin in the cortex of
      echinoderm eggs are believed to be important events following fertilization. To
      examine the initial distribution and form of actin in unfertilized eggs, we have
      adapted immunogold-labeling procedures for use with eggs of Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus. Using these procedures, as well as fluorescence microscopy, we have
      revealed a discrete 1-micron-thick concentrated shell of actin in the
      unfertilized egg cortex. This actin is located in the short surface projections
      of unfertilized eggs and around the cortical granules in a manner that suggests
      it is associated with the cortical granule surface. The actin in the short
      surface projections appears to be organized into filaments. However, most if not
      all of the actin surrounding the cortical granules is organized in a form that
      does not bind phalloidin, even though it is accessible to actin antibody. The
      lack of phalloidin binding is consistent with either the presence of
      nonfilamentous actin associated with the cortical granules or the masking of
      actin-filament phalloidin-binding sites by some cellular actin-binding component.
      In addition to the concentrated shell of actin found in the cortex, actin was
      also found to be concentrated in the nuclei of unfertilized eggs.

PMID- 3356048
TI  - Pain management in children.

PMID- 3356049
TI  - Epidural analgesia with a bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture in obstetrics: comparison
      of repeated injections and continuous infusion.
AB  - We compared the efficacy and side-effects of continuous infusion versus repeated
      injections of epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl during labour. Forty-four parturients
      were randomly distributed into two groups balanced for population size,
      morphology and parity. Analgesia was begun at the same stage of labour with a
      mixture of 20 ml 0.25 per cent plain bupivacaine and 2 ml (100 micrograms)
      fentanyl. In Group I the initial dose ranged from 8-12 ml as a function of
      height; an injection of the same dose was repeated immediately upon recurrence of
      pain. In Group II, after an initial dose of 5-7 ml, a continuous infusion of 3
      ml.h-1 was begun, and continued until full dilatation. Analgesia was rated using
      a pain scale; effects on maternal blood pressure, respiratory rate and neonatal
      status were noted. Bupivacaine and fentanyl assays were carried out on maternal
      venous blood in 30 parturients during the course of labour. There was a longer
      latency to onset of analgesia in Group II (approximately five minutes), followed
      by a more constant degree of analgesia. This better analgesia cannot be accounted
      for by a difference in dosage; doses were significantly lower in Group II,
      despite the fact that labour was of the same duration. The course of labour, and
      maternal and neonatal status were comparable in the two groups. Assays showed no
      difference in bupivacaine blood concentrations between the two groups nor signs
      of drug accumulation. The constant infusion technique is advantageous since it
      provides a more regular degree of analgesia with lower doses than those required
      for patients having repeated injections.

PMID- 3356050
TI  - Intravenous meperidine for control of shivering during caesarean section under
      epidural anaesthesia.
AB  - To determine the efficacy of meperidine in controlling shivering during epidural
      anaesthesia for Caesarean section, forty-six parturients were studied. After
      delivery of the infant, shivering patients received either a single dose of
      intravenous meperidine 50 mg, or saline in a randomized double-blind fashion.
      Shivering was classified on a scale of 0 to 3 (grade 0 = none, grade 3 = severe
      shivering that was distressing to the patient and interfered with monitoring).
      Shivering and other variables were recorded at epidural placement, skin incision,
      delivery, and 2, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes following injection. Administration of
      meperidine resulted in a significant decrease in both the overall incidence of
      shivering (87 to 35 per cent, p less than 0.01) and severity of shivering (grade
      3:57 to 0 per cent, p less than 0.01), compared with saline (incidence: 87 to 83
      per cent, grade 3:57 per cent, no change). This effect was apparent within two
      minutes of drug injection and persisted throughout the study period. There were
      no differences in vital signs, oxygen saturation or temperature between groups.
      The incidence of nausea was similar, although patients receiving meperidine were
      more drowsy at two and five minutes following injection (p less than 0.01)
      compared with patients in the saline group. There were no differences in level of
      consciousness at the later intervals. The mechanism of action of meperidine on
      shivering remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3356051
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of intrarectal solution of acetaminophen.
AB  - Acetaminophen is frequently administered orally to children for its analgesic
      properties, although its potency has never been clearly evaluated in this
      population. In certain situations (patients vomiting or unconscious),
      acetaminophen has to be given rectally. However, the rectal absorption of
      suppositories is frequently erratic. We undertook this study first, to measure
      the absorption of an aqueous solution of acetaminophen administered rectally.
      Secondly, we evaluated acetaminophen's postoperative analgesic effects in
      children aged 1 to 8 years old undergoing adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and
      compared its efficacy to meperidine. Twenty children received 20 mg.kg-1 of
      acetaminophen at the time of induction of anaesthesia while 20 others received 1
      mg.kg-1 of meperidine intramuscularly. Thirty-two patients required meperidine in
      the Recovery Room. There was no statistical difference between the patients who
      received acetaminophen (18), and those who received meperidine (14). The
      absorption of acetaminophen was incomplete (peak serum concentration: 70.8
      mumol.L-1) and delayed. We conclude that the rectal administration of
      acetaminophen at the induction of anesthesia results in incomplete and delayed
      absorption and does not prevent the occurrence of immediate postoperative pain in
      children undergoing adeno-tonsillectomy.

PMID- 3356052
TI  - MAC of sevoflurane in humans and the New Zealand white rabbit.
AB  - The minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane necessary to prevent movement
      in 50 per cent of patients (MAC) was determined to be 2.05 per cent in 20 adult
      surgical patients. Because this value was higher than the only other
      experimentally determined human MAC value for sevoflurane (1.71 per cent), MAC
      was also determined in New Zealand white rabbits. Comparisons of the MAC ratios
      of sevoflurane to other volatile anaesthetics in both the human and the rabbit
      suggest that the human MAC value we obtained for sevoflurane is consistent with
      experimental determinations of MAC of other volatile anaesthetics in humans.

PMID- 3356053
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine levels and duration of spinal anaesthesia.
AB  - The effects of catecholamines added to dibucaine on the duration of spinal
      anaesthesia and cerebrospinal fluid catecholamine levels were studied. Free
      norepinephrine levels increased from 0.107 ng.ml-1 before anaesthesia to 5.8
      ng.ml-1 and 1,238 ng.ml-1 after 1.0 microgram or 100 micrograms norepinephrine
      had been added to the local anaesthetic. The effects of 2.5 micrograms of either
      norepinephrine or epinephrine added to dibucaine on the duration of motor
      blockade and sensory regression time were compared. The duration of both were
      significantly prolonged by added norepinephrine from 96 +/- 17 min to 193 +/- 20
      min (sensory blockade) and from 116 +/- 14 min to 204 +/- 34 min (motor
      blockade), but were not changed by addition of epinephrine. These data suggest
      that a 2.5 micrograms dose of norepinephrine is sufficient to prolong the
      duration of spinal anaesthesia and more effective than the same dose of
      epinephrine.

PMID- 3356055
TI  - Melted delivery hose--a complication of a heated humidifier.
AB  - The polyvinylchloride delivery hose of a Fisher & Paykel dual servo heated
      anaesthetic humidifier was melted by the intraluminal hose heater, causing a
      major leakage of anaesthetic gases during a surgical procedure. Under
      experimental conditions, melting could be reproduced using polyvinylchloride but
      not polyester elastomer tubings. Only tubings made of materials with high melting
      point should be used as delivery hose in heated humidifiers with hose heaters.

PMID- 3356054
TI  - Use of magnesium sulphate in the anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma in
      pregnancy.
AB  - The anaesthetic management of two patients with phaeochromocytoma complicating
      pregnancy is presented. In one patient, the operative delivery was followed by
      elective tumour resection at a later stage. Magnesium sulphate was used as an
      adjunct to all three anaesthetics, with notable success on two occasion. In one
      of the operative deliveries, it proved impossible to achieve adequate blood
      levels of magnesium, due to severe pre-existing magnesium deficiency.
      Hypomagnesaemia is likely to be present in such cases and must be corrected
      preoperatively. Magnesium sulphate is a useful adjunct to the anaesthetic
      management of the pregnant patient with a phaeochromocytoma provided that
      adequate serum levels of magnesium can be established.

PMID- 3356056
TI  - A glycopyrrolate-ritodrine drug-drug interaction.
AB  - This is a case report of a 39-year-old patient who developed supraventricular
      tachycardia secondary to a ritodrine-glycopyrrolate interaction. The
      cardiovascular effects of ritodrine as well as the possible mechanism for this
      interaction are discussed. Suggested treatment for ritodrine-induced tachycardia
      in the parturient are presented.

PMID- 3356057
TI  - Obstruction of armoured tracheal tubes: case report and discussion.
AB  - A case of respiratory obstruction caused by an armoured silicone rubber tracheal
      tube is reported and the literature reviewed. New silicone tubes have shown
      defects in design and manufacture formerly associated with those made of latex
      rubber. The authors found disposable polyvinyl chloride tubes to be more
      reliable.

PMID- 3356058
TI  - A study of tape adhesive strength on endotracheal tubes.
AB  - A method of assessing the adhesive bond of tapes used to secure endotracheal (ET)
      tubes is described. Five kinds of tape and six different ET tubes including two
      silicone rubber, wire-reinforced tubes were tested. There are significant
      differences in the adhesive strength of different tapes, and in the adhesive bond
      formed by different ET tube materials. On the Portex clear ET tube, silk tape
      adhered best (p less than 0.001), followed by waterproof, cloth, dermiclear, and
      micropore tapes. Adhesive bonding by silk tape was significantly greater (p less
      than 0.001) for the three clear ET tubes (Portex clear, NCC clear, and Portex
      ivory) than for the Portex blue and the silicone rubber, wire-reinforced ET
      tubes. All tapes showed very poor or negligible adhesion to the Sheridan and
      Portex reinforced ET tubes. Adhesion to these tubes was greatly improved by
      wrapping them tightly with an "op site" dressing prior to applying tape.

PMID- 3356059
TI  - Postoperative neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3356060
TI  - Laryngoscope blade breakage during intubation.

PMID- 3356061
TI  - Development of an acute compartment syndrome subsequent to intravenous fluid
      administration.

PMID- 3356062
TI  - Breathing circuit occlusion due to a defective pediatric face mask.

PMID- 3356063
TI  - Potentiation of cytotoxicity by 3-aminobenzamide in DNA repair-deficient human
      tumor cell lines following exposure to methylating agents or anti-neoplastic
      drugs.
AB  - We studied the potentiation by 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) of killing of nine human
      cell lines exposed to alkylating agents. Cell lines included normal, transformed
      and DNA repair-proficient and -deficient phenotypes. 3AB potentiated cell killing
      by the methylating agents methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in all lines tested. The degree of potentiation ranged
      from 1.7- to 3.8-fold, based on the LD99. The average potentiation observed with
      MMS (2.7-fold) was greater than with MNNG (2.2-fold). On average the potentiation
      of MMS and MNNG killing of repair-deficient Mer- lines (2.4-fold) was similar to
      that of repair-proficient Mer+ lines. The degree of 3AB potentiation of MNNG
      killing (2.0-fold) was similar in Mer+ Rem- lines and in Mer+ Rem+ lines. Mer+
      Rem+, Mer+ Rem-, Mer- Rem+, and Mer- Rem- strains all appeared proficient in a
      3AB-sensitive DNA repair pathway. Within experimental error, 20 mM 3AB did not
      inhibit the removal of the MNNG-induced methylpurines 7-methylguanine, O6
      methylguanine and 3-methyladenine from the DNA of repair-proficient Mer+ Rem+
      HT29 cells, consistent with evidence that 3AB inhibits the ligation step of
      excision repair. 3AB potentiated cell killing by the bifunctional alkylating
      agents 1-(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea or busulfan, two anti-neoplastic drugs, by
      only 0.9- to 1.5-fold. These drugs therefore produce DNA damage which is not
      efficiently repaired by the pathways that repair methylated bases.

PMID- 3356064
TI  - Hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) induced by dietary carcinogenic aromatic
      amines preferentially in female mice of DBA/2 and other strains.
AB  - DBA/2, BALB/c or (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 (CDF1) mice of both sexes were treated for 1
      week with a dietary hepatocarcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysate component (Trp P-1
      or Trp P-2), and the activity of hepatic microsomal enzyme(s) for mutagenic
      activations of Trp P-1 and Trp P-2 were assessed by means of a mutation test with
      Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In both Ah-responsive (BALB/c and CDF1) and Ah
      nonresponsive (DBA/2) mice, the dietary treatment with Trp P-1 or Trp P-2
      resulted in a significant increase of the enzyme activity for mutagenic
      activations of Trp P-1 and Trp P-2 in females but not in males, except the case
      of male BALB/c mice treated with dietary Trp P-1. Also induction of enzyme(s) in
      female mice was suppressed by an administration of testosterone. The induced
      hepatic microsomal enzyme(s) was demonstrated to be cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s)
      (mol. wt of 55,000 daltons) by immunoblots with use of an anti-rat cytochrome P
      448 monoclonal antibody and by selective inhibition of the activity by addition
      of 7,8-benzoflavone into the mutation assay system. These findings indicate that
      carcinogenic aromatic amines such as Trp P-1 and Trp P-2 are able to induce
      hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) not only in Ah-responsive mice (BALB/c and
      CDF1) but also in Ah-nonresponsive DBA/2 mice and that the cytochrome P-450
      induction is controlled by androgen(s).

PMID- 3356065
TI  - Carcinogenic effect of N-nitrosotriethylurea in single administration to female
      rats.
AB  - N-Nitrosotriethylurea (NTEU) was administered once into the stomach or
      intravenously to outbred female rats. The rats given NTEU by oral administration
      developed malignant tumours of the mammary gland, uterus and liver. The rats
      exposed to NTEU by i.v. administration developed tumours of the mammary gland and
      ovaries. NTEU accelerated the appearance of tumours which are normally
      characteristic of the rat stock used (tumours of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal
      cortex, fibroadenoma of the mammary gland, endometrial polyps.

PMID- 3356066
TI  - Development of techniques to monitor for exposure to vinyl chloride: monoclonal
      antibodies to ethenoadenosine and ethenocytidine.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies which specifically recognize ethenoadenosine and
      ethenocytidine, two of the adducts resulting from exposure to vinyl chloride,
      have been developed. The sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies have
      been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody to
      ethenoadenosine (1G4) reacts with both the ribose (50% inhibition at 600 fmol)
      and deoxyribose (50% inhibition at 980 fmol) form of the adduct. The antibody to
      ethenocytidine (6F5) also reacts with both the ribose (50% inhibition at 800
      fmol) and deoxyribose (50% inhibition at 1000 fmol) form of the adduct. Neither
      antibody cross-reacts with non-modified DNA or the normal nucleotides. A more
      sensitive fluorescence ELISA was developed for antibody 1G4 with 50% inhibition
      at 212 fmol of ethenoadenosine and for antibody 6F5 with 50% inhibition at 192
      fmol ethenocytidine. These antibodies have been used to determine the level of
      etheno derivatives in DNA modified in vitro with chloroacetaldehyde and in the
      DNA and RNA of cells treated in culture.

PMID- 3356067
TI  - Reaction of reduced metronidazole with guanosine to form an unstable adduct.
AB  - Metronidazole, which is known to react with DNA under certain conditions, forms
      an adduct with guanosine in the presence of the reducing agent, sodium
      dithionite. This product has been purified by HPLC, characterized by UV and fast
      atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and tentatively identified as 1-(2
      hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-(N2-guanosinylamino)imidazole. This adduct is very
      unstable and decomposes to a variety of products including guanosine. Formation
      of this and similar DNA adducts from metronidazole in vivo, and the decomposition
      of these products, are probably both strongly dependent on details of
      intracellular metabolism.

PMID- 3356068
TI  - Effects of dietary menhaden oil and retinyl acetate on the growth of DU 145 human
      prostatic adenocarcinoma cells transplanted into athymic nude mice.
AB  - The effects of feeding menhaden oil (MO), rich in omega-3 fatty acids, or
      supplemental vitamin A [as retinyl acetate (RA)], on the growth of DU 145 human
      prostate cancer cells were studied in athymic nude mice. The mice were fed AIN
      76A diets containing either 23% corn oil (CO), a mixture of 17% MO and 6% CO, or
      23% CO plus RA. After irradiation sterilization, the RA-supplemented diet was
      found to contain approximately 15 times the amount of vitamin A present in the
      control diet. There were 24 mice in each dietary group. Three weeks after
      commencement of feeding the experimental diets, 1 x 10(6) or 5 x 10(6) DU 145
      cells were inoculated into subgroups of 12 animals, and the appearance and growth
      of solid tumors followed over a 6-week period. There was no significant
      difference in tumor latency between mice fed MO plus CO, and those fed CO alone,
      regardless of the inoculum size. However, the appearance of palpable tumors was
      more rapid in mice inoculated with 5 x 10(6) cells and fed the RA-supplemented CO
      diet (91% after 17 days) compared with mice receiving the same tumor cell load
      but fed the unsupplemented CO diet (55% after 17 days). Growth of the solid
      tumors was retarded significantly in mice inoculated with 1 x 10(6) cells and fed
      the MO-containing diet compared with the CO controls; this effect was not evident
      in animals who received 5 x 10(6) cells. RA supplementation caused accelerated
      tumor growth, which, again, only achieved statistical significance in the group
      inoculated with 1 x 10(6) cells.

PMID- 3356069
TI  - Dose-time relationship of the development of preneoplastic liver lesions induced
      in rats with low doses of N-nitrosodiethanolamine.
AB  - The carcinogenic efficiency of very low doses of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA),
      an N-nitroso compound of environmental significance, was assessed by
      administering it to male Sprague-Dawley rats at five different dose levels: 0.2,
      0.63, 1.5, 6 and 25 mg/kg b.w./day in the drinking water. Quantitation of the
      numbers and size of liver foci positive for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PDH) by morphometric methods revealed a good correlation between the dose and
      duration of carcinogen treatment and the extent of G6PDH-positive foci
      development. Thus the area density increased proportional to time and dose. The
      dose-time relation for the induction of 1% G6PDH-positive liver tissues assessed
      as a double logarithmic plot gives a straight line with the same characteristics
      as that which results when the induction of liver tumors is evaluated.

PMID- 3356070
TI  - Glucolimnanthin, a plant glucosinolate, increases the metabolism and DNA binding
      of benzo[a]pyrene in hamster embryo cell cultures.
AB  - Glucosinolates are common components of cruciferous vegetables that can be
      hydrolyzed during food processing to yield isothiocyanates, some of which have
      been shown to inhibit the induction of mammary tumors in rats by 7,12-dimethyl
      benz[a]anthracene. To determine how intact glucosinolates affect the metabolism
      of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in mammalian cells in culture, the effects of a series
      of glucosinolates on the metabolism and DNA binding of B[a]P were investigated in
      early passage Syrian hamster embryo cell cultures. Glucolimnanthin, a
      glucosinolate from Limnanthes douglasii increased the amount of B[a]P metabolized
      by the hamster embryo cell cultures during a 24 h exposure. The glucolimnanthin
      treated cultures contained a higher proportion of B[a]P-phenol glucuronides and
      other water-soluble metabolites than control cultures. Cotreatment with
      glucolimnanthan and [3H]B[a]P for 24 h resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase
      in the amount of B[a]P bound to DNA and a 3-fold increase in the amount of
      deoxyguanosine adduct formed by reaction of 7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydroB[a]P [(+)-anti-B[a]PDE]. The glucolimnanthin was metabolized
      essentially completely within 24 h. An increase in B[a]P metabolism similar to
      that caused by glucolimnanthin was induced by cotreatment of hamster embryo cell
      cultures with m-methoxybenzyl isothiocyanate, a metabolite that can be formed
      from glucolimnanthin by enzymatic hydrolysis. These results indicate that the
      glucosinolate glucolimnanthin can increase the metabolic activation of B[a]P in
      mammalian cells in culture.

PMID- 3356072
TI  - Eleventh Annual Conference on Shock. Fontana, Wisconsin, Sunday, June 5
      Wednesday, June 8, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3356071
TI  - In vitro induction of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in C3H/10T1/2 cells
      by X-rays is inhibited by nitrogen.
AB  - Ionizing radiation is one of the most potent inducers of O6-methylguanine-DNA
      methyltransferase (MT) in rat liver in vivo. In this study we show that MT is
      readily induced in C3H/10T1/2 cells in culture, which provides a system more
      amenable to determining the molecular events involved in the induction of this
      repair enzyme. Maximal induction (2- to 3-fold) was observed in logarithmically
      growing cells 48 h after a dose of 200 rad, similar to the optimal induction time
      seen in rat liver in vivo. The absolute level of MT observed in C3H/10T1/2 cells
      which had been at confluence for 24 h was less than in cells in log growth but
      was still inducible by X-rays, exhibiting an approximately 2-fold increase over
      unirradiated cells similar to MT induction in logarithmically growing cells.
      Irradiating cells under anaerobic conditions (saturated N2) abolished MT
      induction by 100 rad. Cells irradiated with 200 rad under anaerobic conditions
      exhibited approximately 70% inhibition of induction compared with aerobically
      irradiated cells. The possibility that MT may be partially inactivated by
      interaction with radicals produced by ionizing radiation is discussed.

PMID- 3356074
TI  - Evidence of anaerobic metabolism during low-level exercise testing in high-risk
      postmyocardial infarction patients.
AB  - Low-level exercise testing was performed on 31 patients 7.4 +/- 2.7 days
      following an acute myocardial infarction. Measurements of oxygen consumption
      (VO2) and arterial serum lactate were made at rest and during exercise in these
      patients and 15 normal subjects. The patients were subdivided into finishers (F)
      and nonfinishers (NF) of the low-level protocol. The NF group had 2.5 +/- 6
      stenosed vessels and an ejection fraction of 44 +/- 11% compared to F subjects,
      who had 1.4 +/- 1 vessels stenosed (p less than .001) and an ejection fraction of
      54 +/- 14% (p less than .05). Finishers had significantly higher VO2 than the
      nonfinishers (14.5 +/- 2.5 ml/kg/min vs. 11.2 +/- 3.5 ml/kg/min p less than .01).
      At the end of exercise serum lactate level was 1.18 +/- .59 mM in normals, 1.43
      +/- .52 mM in finishers, and 2.15 +/- .9 mM in nonfinishers. The change in serum
      lactate from rest to end exercise divided by the change in VO2 from rest to end
      exercise was .039 +/- .038 mM/ml kg per min in normals, .075 +/- .045 mM/ml kg
      per min in finishers (p less than .03 vs. normal), and .210 +/- .189 mM/ml kg per
      min for nonfinishers (p less than .001 vs. normal). These results indicate that
      nonfinishers produce more lactate and use less oxygen during low-level exercise,
      suggesting that working muscles are deriving energy by anaerobic
      metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356073
TI  - The role of ischemia and ventricular asynergy in the genesis of exercise-induced
      ST elevation.
AB  - Sixty-five patients with ST elevation were retrospectively studied in order to
      evaluate the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of ST-segment
      elevation during exercise. Of these, 50 patients had previous myocardial
      infarction (Group I) and 15 patients did not (Group II). Exercise thallium-201
      imaging was performed on 30 patients, resting gated blood pool imaging was
      performed on 33 patients, and 23 underwent cardiac catheterization for clinical
      indications. When the two groups were compared, patients in Group I had more
      frequent multivessel disease (9/13 vs. 3/10, p less than 0.05), anterior
      infarctions (33/50 vs. 4/10, p less than 0.02), while Group II patients had more
      frequent single-vessel disease (7/10 vs. 4/13, p less than 0.05). For Group I
      patients, the most common reason for termination of exercise was fatigue and/or
      dyspnea (35/50 vs. 0/15, p less than 0.05), with an irreversible defect noted in
      both stress and delayed views on thallium imaging (20/24 vs. 1/6, p less than
      0.05). In Group II, the most common reason for termination was angina (15/15 vs.
      2/50, p less than 0.001), with reversible thallium defects noted more frequently
      (4/6 vs. 3/24, p less than 0.01). Thus, we conclude that in patients with Q
      waves, left ventricular dysfunction rather than ischemia is the mechanism for ST
      elevation. In these patients angina is rare, but fatigue, dyspnea, multivessel
      disease, and fixed thallium defects are common. In patients with non-Q-wave
      exertional ST elevation, ischemia is the rule, manifested by frequent chest pain
      and reversible thallium defects.

PMID- 3356076
TI  - Pathomorphological changes in experimentally induced canine myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - We performed a pathological study of experimental canine myocardial infarction
      (MI) induced by coronary thrombosis which was made by endothelial denudation and
      induction of luminal stenosis in 20 dogs (Group I). Another model of experimental
      MI by coronary ligation was also evaluated in Groups II and III. Thirteen dogs of
      Group I and 7 of Group II underwent persistent coronary occlusion for 6-8 h
      (Group IA and Group IIA), and 7 of Group I and 7 of Group II underwent coronary
      reperfusion with intravenous urokinase (UK) (20,000 IU/kg) in Group IB for 5 h
      following temporary coronary occlusion for 3 h (Groups IB and IIB). The remaining
      5 dogs underwent coronary reperfusion for 5 h following intravenous 20,000 IU/kg
      UK after 3 h ligation. Microscopically, myocardial hemorrhage was present in 6
      (86%) Group IB, 4 (31%) Group IA and in no Group IIA dogs (p less than .025 and p
      less than .005 vs. IB). Four Group IIB and 3 Group III dogs also showed
      myocardial hemorrhage. Moderate hemorrhage was present only in Group I and slight
      hemorrhage was frequently observed in reperfused hearts. Contraction band
      necrosis (CBN) was present in 8 (62%) Group IA, all Group IB, all Group IIB, and
      4 (80%) Group III dogs. However, there was no hemorrhage with CBN in Group IIA (p
      less than .005 vs. IIB). Marked CBN was present only in Group I.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356075
TI  - Percutaneous pulmonary angioscopy using a guiding balloon catheter.
AB  - The applicability of angioscopy for observation of the pulmonary arterial lumen
      was examined in 7 anesthetized dogs and in 10 patients with various heart
      diseases during cardiac catheterization. A novel guiding balloon catheter (#11F
      shaft diameter and 1.5 cm in balloon diameter) was introduced through the right
      femoral vein into the pulmonary artery by Seldinger's method. Then, a fiberscope
      (1.3 or 1.8 mm in diameter) was introduced through the guiding catheter into the
      desired portion of the artery. The balloon was inflated, saline was infused, and
      the pulmonary arterial lumen was photographed on 16-mm color cinefilms. In all
      dogs and patients examined, an increase in diameter of the pulmonary artery
      during systole and the backflow of blood from the pulmonary vein were clearly
      demonstrated. Also, pulmonary thrombi or emboli experimentally induced in dogs
      could be observed. No complications were observed in the patients. The results
      indicate the experimental and clinical applicability of angioscopy using a
      guiding balloon catheter for observation of the pulmonary arterial lumen.

PMID- 3356077
TI  - Endocardial late potentials recorded during sinus rhythm in man: incidence in
      different cardiac disease states.
AB  - In a prospective study, 100 patients with various cardiac diseases not selected
      on the basis of previous ventricular arrhythmias underwent left ventricular
      endocardial mapping. With 10 different positions of the quadripolar catheter per
      patient, 90 of the 100 patients showed late potentials. These findings were
      documented in 50 of 52 patients with coronary heart disease compared to 26 of 34
      patients with dilative cardiomyopathy (p less than 0.025). Late potentials in
      diastole were the most frequent type of abnormal electrogram, found in 82
      patients. Fractionated electrograms were documented in 43 patients. They were
      seen in 27 (52%) coronary patients more often than in 8 (24%) patients with
      dilative cardiomyopathy (p less than 0.025). Onset of fractionated electrograms
      in coronary patients was somewhat later (301 +/- 177 ms after the QRS) than in
      the cardiomyopathy group (263 +/- 141 ms). The duration was longer (189 +/- 114
      ms) in the former group than in the latter (148 +/- 87 ms). Thus, endocardial
      late potentials are not uncommon in patients with various cardiac diseases. The
      more frequent occurrence in coronary heart disease and the higher frequency of
      fractionated electrograms may indicate a more inhomogeneous, patchy type of
      fibrosis in the ischemically diseased myocardium.

PMID- 3356078
TI  - Nonischemic changes in right ventricular function on exercise. Do normal
      volunteers differ from patients with normal coronary arteries?
AB  - Factors other than ischemia may alter right ventricular function both at rest and
      on exercise. Normal volunteers differ from cardiac patients with normal coronary
      arteries with regard to their left ventricular response to exercise. This study
      examined changes in right ventricular function on exercise in 21 normal
      volunteers and 13 patients with normal coronary arteries, using first-pass
      radionuclide angiography. There were large ranges of right ventricular ejection
      fraction in the two groups, both at rest and on exercise. Resting right
      ventricular ejection fraction was 40.2 +/- 10.6% (mean +/- SD) in the volunteers
      and 38.6 +/- 9.7% in the patients, p = not significant, and on exercise rose
      significantly in both groups to 46.1 +/- 9.9% and 45.8 +/- 9.7%, respectively.
      The difference between the groups was not significant. In both groups some
      subjects with high resting values showed large decreases in ejection fraction on
      exercise, and there were significant negative correlations between resting
      ejection fraction and the change on exercise, r = -0.59 (p less than 0.01) in
      volunteers, and r = -0.66 (p less than 0.05) in patients. Older volunteers tended
      to have lower rest and exercise ejection fractions, but there was no difference
      between normotensive and hypertensive patients in their rest or exercise values.
      In conclusion, changes in right ventricular function on exercise are similar in
      normal volunteers and in patients with normal coronary arteries. Some subjects
      show decreases in right ventricular ejection fraction on exercise which do not
      appear to be related to ischemia.

PMID- 3356079
TI  - Postinfarction left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: echocardiographic diagnosis and
      prolonged survival in three patients.
AB  - Both echocardiography and radionuclide angiography have been proposed as
      noninvasive modalities for the diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. In
      the only three cases seen at our institution over the past five years, this
      diagnosis was missed with radionuclide blood pool imaging, while two-dimensional
      echocardiography demonstrated the typical features of a pseudoaneurysm. Our
      patients were asymptomatic and diagnosis was made incidentally 4 to 6 years after
      myocardial infarction. Although the patients survived an extended period without
      surgery, the reported incidence of rupture is high, and prophylactic surgical
      repair probably is indicated. It is likely that the increased use of noninvasive
      cardiac imaging techniques will lead to the detection of other cases of
      unsuspected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Two-dimensional echocardiography
      appears superior to planar radionuclide ventriculography in establishing the
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3356080
TI  - Kinetics of prednisolone and endogenous cortisol suppression in the elderly.
AB  - The kinetics of prednisolone after intravenous prednisolone and oral prednisone
      were investigated in 19 young (23 to 34 years) and 12 elderly (65 to 89 years)
      subjects. The systemic availability of unbound prednisolone after oral prednisone
      and the apparent interconversion of prednisolone into prednisone and vice versa
      (reflecting the activity of the 11 beta-hydroxydehydrogenase) were independent of
      age. The total exposure of the elderly subjects to prednisolone was increased
      because the nonrenal (5.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.6 ml/min/kg, mean +/- SD; P less
      than 0.001) and renal (0.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.7 ml/min/kg; P less than 0.001)
      clearances of unbound prednisolone were lower in the elderly. The fractional
      clearance of 6 beta-hydroxyprednisolone (reflecting the activity of the 6 beta
      hydroxylase) decreased linearly with the metabolic clearance of prednisolone.
      Despite increased prednisolone exposure, elderly subjects had higher endogenous
      cortisol concentrations. It was concluded that elderly subjects exhibit higher
      concentrations of both total and unbound prednisolone. Despite this greater
      exposure of target tissues, there appears to be less suppression of endogenous
      cortisol concentrations in plasma compared with younger subjects.

PMID- 3356081
TI  - Rescue factor: a design for evaluating long-acting analgesics.
AB  - A design is described that uses need for supplemental (rescue) analgesic as a
      factor predicting effectiveness of a test analgesic. This methodology is
      especially suited for evaluating long-acting analgesics given repeatedly. Rescue
      use is measured over dosing intervals as test drug is titrated from a
      subanalgesic dose to that requiring no or minimal rescue. This design was used to
      evaluate oral long-acting morphine sulfate (MS Contin) given every 12 hours in a
      crossover study of cancer pain using oral immediate-release morphine sulfate
      given every 4 hours as reference. Less morphine was required for MS Contin given
      every 12 hours relative to immediate-release morphine sulfate given every 4 hours
      (186 +/- 22 mg vs. 239 +/- 35 mg; p = 0.04). Total daily morphine for both
      regimens correlated linearly (r = 0.96) with a slope of 1.27 +/- 0.11,
      significantly (p = 0.03) different from equivalence (slope of unity) in favor of
      MS Contin. This design features assay sensitivity (dose-response) and provides
      relative potency estimates for analgesics given at specific regimens.

PMID- 3356082
TI  - Alteration of methyldopa absorption, metabolism, and blood pressure control
      caused by ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate.
AB  - This study examined the effect of two widely used iron treatments on methyldopa
      absorption, metabolism, and blood pressure control. A 500 mg tablet of methyldopa
      (2.37 mmol) was taken with and without ferrous sulfate (325 mg) by 12 normal
      subjects in a randomized crossover trial. When ferrous sulfate was taken with
      methyldopa there was a decrease in the proportion of methyldopa excreted as
      "free" methyldopa (49.5% +/- 12.4% vs 21.1% +/- 4.77%; p less than 0.01), a
      significant increase in the proportion excreted as methyldopa sulfate (37.8% +/-
      12.3% vs 65.8% +/- 10.5%; p less than 0.01), and a decrease in the percentage of
      methyldopa absorbed (29.1% +/- 12.5% vs 7.88% +/- 4.14%; p less than 0.01). These
      factors resulted in an 88% reduction in the quantity of "free" methyldopa
      excreted. To determine if an iron preparation without sulfate produced the same
      effect, the study was repeated with ferrous gluconate (600 mg) with similar
      results. The clinical consequences of the methyldopa-ferrous sulfate interaction
      was determined in five hypertensive subjects receiving chronic methyldopa
      therapy. The subjects took ferrous sulfate for 2 weeks. There was an increase in
      both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in four patients and a decrease in
      blood pressure in all patients after ferrous sulfate was discontinued. The
      increases in blood pressure were substantial in three of the patients.

PMID- 3356083
TI  - Renal function effects of dilevalol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug
      with beta-2 agonist activity.
AB  - The effects of dilevalol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent with beta-agonism,
      on renal function were determined in two groups of patients. Patients in group 1,
      all with normal renal function, received either dilevalol or atenolol. Patients
      in group II, all with impaired renal function, received either dilevalol or
      metoprolol. Parameters of renal function determined before and after chronic oral
      treatment included glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow,
      filtration fraction, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal blood flow, and renal
      vascular resistance. Dilevalol lowered MAP by 14 mm Hg (P less than 0.005) in
      group I and 25 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) in group II but had no effect on other
      parameters of renal function, at either peak or trough drug levels. Atenolol and
      metoprolol also lowered MAP by 11 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) and 15 mm Hg (P less
      than 0.05), respectively. Atenolol reduced GFR by 23% at peak drug level, an
      effect that was partially ameliorated at trough drug level. The effect of
      atenolol on GFR appeared to vary as a function of baseline renal function in that
      greater reductions were seen in groups of patients with increasing baseline GFR.
      Metoprolol significantly decreased renal vascular resistance by 17% (P less than
      0.05). These data suggest that dilevalol effectively lowers blood pressure in
      hypertensive patients with normal or compromised renal function with no negative
      impact on parameters of renal function.

PMID- 3356084
TI  - First-pass metabolism of imipramine and desipramine: impact of the sparteine
      oxidation phenotype.
AB  - Four rapid extensive metabolizers (EM), four slow EM, and three poor metabolizers
      (PM) of sparteine were given single intravenous doses of 50 mg imipramine and
      desipramine. All subjects had previously taken single oral doses (100 mg) of
      imipramine and desipramine. The first-pass metabolism of imipramine and
      desipramine ranged from 23% to 73% and 0% to 48%, respectively, and was more
      pronounced for both drugs in EM than in poor metabolizers. The study suggested
      saturable 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine during the first-pass
      through the liver, especially in EM.

PMID- 3356085
TI  - Metronidazole clearance: a one-sample method and influencing factors.
AB  - After 96 administrations of metronidazole to 36 subjects, it was found that the
      clearance could be determined from one plasma sample, the dose, and a volume of
      distribution estimated from sex, age, body weight, and height, without loss of
      precision and accuracy compared with conventional clearance determinations (r
      greater than 0.97). In 230 sample pairs the plasma and saliva concentrations of
      metronidazole were identical (r = 0.99). In 119 subjects the one-sample clearance
      of metronidazole was unimodally distributed. Body weight (r = 0.28) and the
      alcohol consumption (r = 0.23) correlated with the metronidazole clearance. In
      the same subjects the consumption of tobacco (r = 0.28), alcohol (r = -0.19),
      coffee/tea (r = 0.27), age (r = -0.24), and sex (r = 0.28) correlated with the
      antipyrine clearance. The clearances of metronidazole and antipyrine were
      correlated (r = 0.34). The differential influence of the environmental factors on
      the elimination rates supports differential metabolism of metronidazole and
      antipyrine.

PMID- 3356086
TI  - Short-term behavioral effects of beta-adrenergic medications in men with mild
      hypertension.
AB  - beta-Adrenergic-inhibiting drugs are widely prescribed for the treatment of
      hypertension. These drugs have previously been found to influence a variety of
      psychologic and behavioral functions and have, in some cases, been associated
      with serious psychiatric side effects. The present study examined psychologic
      changes associated with beta-blockade therapy. Twenty-six men with mild
      hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90 to 110 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to
      receive either a selective beta 1-antagonist (atenolol), a nonselective beta 1-
      and beta 2-antagonist (propranolol), or a placebo. Both before and after a 2-week
      period of drug administration, subjects completed a comprehensive assessment of
      quality of life including measures of mood, memory performance, and side effects.
      In general, beta-blocker therapy was associated with relatively few adverse
      symptoms, particularly when compared with control subjects taking placebo.
      Reductions in negative emotional states (tension and anger) were observed for
      subjects receiving atenolol, and the largest improvements in memory performance
      were observed for subjects receiving propranolol. These results suggest that beta
      blocker therapy is not invariably associated with negative side effects and that
      some behavioral functions may actually be improved.

PMID- 3356087
TI  - Age-associated stereoselective alterations in hexobarbital metabolism.
AB  - This clinical investigation was designed to study the influence of age on
      stereoselective drug disposition using hexobarbital as a model marker. The
      disposition of hexobarbital enantiomers was investigated in 10 young and 10
      elderly, healthy male volunteers. Mean oral clearance (+/- SD) of d-hexobarbital
      (1.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.3 ml/min/kg; P greater than 0.05) did not differ
      significantly between the young and elderly subjects, respectively. However,
      despite wide intersubject variability, l-hexobarbital mean oral clearance (+/-
      SD) was approximately twofold greater in the young than in the elderly subjects
      (16.9 +/- 11.9 vs. 8.2 +/- 3.2 ml/min/kg; P less than 0.05). This resulted in a
      significantly greater enantiomeric oral clearance ratio in the young when
      compared with the elderly subjects (8.3 +/- 3.4 vs. 4.7 +/- 1.4; P less than
      0.01). No significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in pharmacologic response
      after hexobarbital administration was found between the two groups. Demonstration
      of an age-related preferential decline in metabolism of one enantiomer over
      another has not been reported previously for any racemic drug in animals or
      humans.

PMID- 3356089
TI  - The oxidative metabolism of sparteine in the Cuna Amerindians of Panama: absence
      of evidence for deficient metabolizers.
AB  - Sparteine sulfate (50 mg) was administered to 170 Cuna Amerindians, 142 of whom
      were unrelated, and the drug and its dehydrometabolites were determined in the 0-
      to 12-hour urine samples. The log10 of the metabolic ratio was unimodally, but
      not normally, distributed and showed the following values: mean -0.21 +/- 0.26,
      median -0.24, limits -0.73 and 0.76, skewness 1.00, and kurtosis 4.95. On the
      basis of these results, it can be concluded that there are no deficient
      metabolizers in the Cuna sample population studied. However, the similarity of
      the skewness found between the Cuna sample population studied and the extensive
      Canadian white group, as well as an inflection point at 6.3 U in the former's
      probit plot, suggests the existence of at least two subgroups congregating within
      the same single mode in the frequency distribution curve. The use of the
      inflection point is discussed thoroughly, concluding that although it does not
      allow exclusion of the existence of genotypically different subgroups, the
      limitations of the data do not permit its use to determine the number of
      heterozygotes and thus the existence of polymorphism. The possibility of an
      isozyme variant, consistent with the general genetic structure of Amerindians, as
      suggested by the coexistence of two subgroups within the unimodal curve, is
      entertained.

PMID- 3356088
TI  - Effects of calcium antagonists on serotonin and noradrenaline venoconstriction in
      humans.
AB  - The activity of some calcium antagonists on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and
      noradrenaline-induced venoconstriction has been evaluated in humans. Oral doses
      of nimodipine, 30 mg, and nifedipine, 10 mg, but not of verapamil, 80 mg, and
      flunarizine, 10 mg, inhibit 5HT-induced venoconstriction of the dorsal hand vein.
      Nimodipine, but not verapamil and flunarizine, inhibit noradrenaline-induced
      venoconstriction as well. Verapamil, locally administered into the hand vein,
      inhibits 5HT and noradrenaline-induced venoconstriction. These results suggest
      that only calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine type have
      antivenoconstrictive activity in the hand vein at oral clinical doses, whereas
      verapamil is active only if administered by the intravenous route, which probably
      produces local plasma concentrations higher than those reached with the oral
      clinical doses.

PMID- 3356090
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its major metabolites, deacetyldiltiazem
      and N-monodemethyl-diltiazem, were studied after single and chronic oral
      administration in eight patients aged 45 to 69 years with unstable angina
      pectoris, treated by diltiazem, 120 mg t.i.d. After a single oral dose the time
      to peak plasma diltiazem concentration was 3.4 (2.1 to 5.0) hours and the
      elimination half-life was 6.6 hours (4.4 to 10.8 hours). These were unchanged
      after repeated oral administration (16 to 19 doses). The mean trough (8 hours
      after administration) plasma diltiazem level after six consecutive doses was 167
      micrograms/L (63 to 286 micrograms/L) and was thereafter stable. With chronic
      administration the AUC increased by a factor of 2.24 +/- 0.31 (SEM; P less than
      0.01). Plasma protein binding of diltiazem in these patients ranged from 83% to
      93% whereas deacetyldiltiazem binding ranged from 58% to 75%. Plasma protein
      binding was independent of drug concentration and duration of treatment. Thus an
      average dose of 120 mg diltiazem given every 8 hours would appear to be a
      suitable regimen of treatment in most patients with angina pectoris, although
      users should be aware that there is a significant interpatient variability in
      steady-state diltiazem concentrations and that a significant accumulation of
      diltiazem occurs with chronic therapy.

PMID- 3356091
TI  - Time for a new radiological unit of harm?

PMID- 3356092
TI  - Digital radiography in an intensive care unit.
AB  - Mobile chest radiographs obtained in the intensive care unit with a computed
      radiography system (one of the digital radiography systems) and a conventional
      screen-film technique were initially compared in 54 pairs. Features such as the
      air spaces and interstitium of the lungs, the mediastinum, pulmonary vessels, the
      tracheobronchial tree, and catheters and other devices were compared in both
      methods. The computed radiography system demonstrated good visualisation of the
      mediastinum, pulmonary vessels, the tracheobronchial tree, catheters and other
      devices. Automatic adjustment of the sensitivity and the wide dynamic range of
      this system were thought to be responsible for the decrease in the number of
      retakes even in patients with massive fluid collections. The few artefacts
      created by digital processing were mostly overcome by a routine use of
      simultaneous display of two different types of image processing.

PMID- 3356094
TI  - Detection of basilar artery thrombosis by computed tomography.
AB  - Thrombosis of the basilar artery is not uncommon and occurs in the elderly as
      well as in younger patients. The clinical diagnosis may be supported by the
      appearance on computed tomography enabling appropriate investigations and
      therapeutic measures to be taken which may lead to a favourable outcome. Four
      cases of basilar artery thrombosis are described in which the clinical diagnosis
      was assisted by computed tomography. The basilar artery, which is normally
      isodense in unenhanced studies, was seen as a hyperdense structure. Follow-up
      scans demonstrated a decrease in the density and size of the vessel consistent
      with resolution of a thrombus.

PMID- 3356093
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in acute head injury.
AB  - Using cardiorespiratory monitoring and support equipment compatible with a low
      field (0.15 T) system, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients suffering
      acute head injuries proved to be both feasible and safe. An abnormality was
      demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging in 46 of 50 patients examined within 7
      days of head injury using T2 weighted (SE2200/80) and T1 weighted (IR2000/600/40)
      multislice sequences. IN contrast, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated
      abnormalities in only 31 of the 50 patients. Intracranial extracerebral space
      occupying collections of blood were well shown by magnetic resonance imaging
      which provided especially clear definition in the posterior fossa, subtemporal
      and subfrontal regions. Magnetic resonance imaging was more sensitive to cerebral
      abnormalities associated with traumatic unconsciousness and detected parenchymal
      lesions both in patients in coma and in those who had lost consciousness for only
      a few minutes. Lesions seen with MRI but not with CT included non-haemorrhagic
      contusions and abnormalities thought to reflect shearing injuries of white matter
      and intracerebral vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging is an effective alternative
      to CT; the additional information it can provide should be valuable in increasing
      the understanding of the early effects and late consequences of a head injury.

PMID- 3356096
TI  - Duodenal tuberculosis.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features in 30 cases of duodenal tuberculosis are
      presented. The patients are divisible into two groups on the basis of their
      presenting features. Twenty-two had symptoms and signs of gastric or duodenal
      obstruction, and eight patients had dyspepsia suggesting peptic ulceration. In
      the first group, laporotomy showed that the duodenal obstruction was due to
      extrinsic compression by matted tuberculous lymph nodes in the majority; there
      was only five intrinsic strictures. In patients with dyspepsia there were bulbar
      and post-bulbar ulcers accompanied by more widespread mucosal changes,
      induration, and periduodenal lymphadenopathy. Bypass procedures were performed to
      relieve obstruction; no resection was possible because of the adherence of the
      lymph node masses.

PMID- 3356095
TI  - Lumbar lateral canal entrapment: clinical, radiculographic and computed
      tomographic findings.
AB  - The radiculographic and computed tomographic findings in those nerve roots
      compressed by lumbar lateral canal entrapment have been assessed in a prospective
      series of 44 patients in whom such entrapment was found at surgery. The
      radiological procedures were reported by radiologists who were unaware of the
      clinical findings. Radiculography was performed in 41 of the patients and enabled
      the site or sites of entrapment to be correctly predicted in 62% of patients
      undergoing primary decompression and in 42% of patients undergoing revision
      surgery. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 24 of the patients and enabled
      entrapment to be correctly predicted in 75% of the patients in both groups. We
      conclude that computed tomography is superior to radiculography in demonstrating
      lumbar lateral entrapment, and should usually be reserved for patients in whom
      operation or other intervention is warranted on clinical grounds. Otherwise false
      positive results may occur, especially in elderly patients, although the true
      incidence of false positive results in this condition is not known and has not
      been assessed in this study.

PMID- 3356097
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: experience at Addenbrooke's
      Hospital, Cambridge.
AB  - A series of 22 cases of primary intercerebral lymphoma are reported. The clinical
      presentation and natural history were similar to high grade glioma in adults.
      There was a male to female ratio of 2.7:1, and a mean age at presentation of 63
      years (range 47-72 years). Single masses were present in 77%, and the frontal
      lobe was the most frequently involved (64%). Treatment regimes included varying
      combinations of surgical resection and cranial irradiation. Sixteen patients have
      died, twelve due to recurrent or persistent intracerebral disease. The median
      survival was ten months. Six patients are still alive at 52, 12, 10, 9, 6 and 4
      months. Failure to control the intracranial tumours was the main cause of death.
      Significant debulking of the tumour was the single most important prognostic
      factor, although a good initial response to steroids was also favourable. No
      patient developed spinal deposits. Even when there is a good response to
      radiation and prolonged survival, the quality of life may be poor: in this series
      only five out of 22 patients (23%) returned to a normal life. Radiation dosage
      and the indications for spinal treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3356098
TI  - Interstitial misonidazole: clinical experience in advanced mouth cancer.
AB  - In an attempt to obtain full radiosensitisation and avoid dose-limiting
      neurotoxicity, a needle has been specially developed for the injection of
      misonidazole pellets into tumours. The methods of production and insertion of the
      pellets are described. Thirteen advanced, untreated squamous carcinomas of the
      mouth were injected and then irradiated to tolerance. Twelve out of 13 implanted
      lesions had completely regressed at the end of treatment but only six remained
      healed after 1 year.

PMID- 3356099
TI  - Radioactive needle implants in the treatment of anorectal cancer.
AB  - Radioactive needle implants were used to treat 44 patients with inoperable
      anorectal cancer. An implant dose of 60 Gy or higher was administered to 27
      patients at a mean dose rate of 0.493 Gy/h (SE +/- 0.167 Gy/h). In five patients
      this was preceded by external beam irradiation. A further 17 patients received an
      implant dose of less than 60 Gy; this followed external irradiation in 10
      patients. A complete response was achieved in 52% (16 out of 31) of patients
      assessed. Three of these patients later relapsed locally. The median duration of
      response was 23 months. A partial response of median duration 3 months was
      achieved by a further 13 patients. Five year actuarial survival was 23.9%.
      Serious morbidity occurred in six patients; three developed strictures and three
      necrosis. Features of the tumour and the treatment technique contributing to
      successful management are discussed. It is suggested that radioactive needle
      implants have an important part to play in the management of low-lying inoperable
      anorectal cancers.

PMID- 3356100
TI  - Computed tomography of the normal pancreatic uncinate process.
AB  - The uncinate process of the pancreas has been assessed in 106 consecutive
      patients without pancreatic disease in order to establish normal features. The
      process measures approximately 1 X 1.3 cm in size, is frequently inseparable from
      the superior mesenteric vein without contrast enhancement and can adopt a number
      of cross-sectional configurations.

PMID- 3356101
TI  - Balloon catheter dilatation of an ileocolic stricture.
AB  - This case report describes the technique of balloon catheter dilatation of an
      ileocolic anastomotic stricture in a patient with Crohn's disease. The technique
      has an established role in the management of oesophageal strictures, and recently
      has been adapted by both radiologists and endoscopists in the management of
      gastric surgical stenosis. Isolated reports of its use in the colon are now
      emerging. Balloon catheter dilatation may be of value in selected patients with
      gastrointestinal strictures.

PMID- 3356102
TI  - Direct percutaneous embolisation of a false aneurysm with steel coils.
AB  - A false aneurysm of the peroneal artery was catheterised directly through the
      calf and embolised with steel coils and gel foam. This technique has not been
      previously described.

PMID- 3356103
TI  - Demonstration of a tracheal bronchus by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tracheal bronchus in a young child as
      well as the associated cystic disease of the right lung. Confirmation of the
      anatomical bronchial variant was obtained later when the cystic lesion was
      infected with aspergillus and surgically removed.

PMID- 3356104
TI  - The tooth-root sign: a characteristic appearance of distal ureteric calculi.
AB  - Diagnostic accuracy in identifying calculi in patients with ureteric colic is
      poor. Lower ureteric calculi may be confused with other pelvic calcific
      opacities. A characteristic appearance of some larger lower ureteric calculi is
      described and likened to the root of a tooth. It is hoped that the tooth-root
      sign will be of assistance in the diagnosis of distal ureteric stones.

PMID- 3356106
TI  - A simple method of arteriography.

PMID- 3356105
TI  - Intradiploic leptomeningeal cyst of the frontal bone occurring as a complication
      of head injury in an adult.
AB  - Intradiploic cysts are rare complications of skull fractures. Only five cases of
      cranial intradiploic cyst can be found in the literature, all affecting the
      occipital bone. In all, the primary injury occurred in childhood and the cyst
      presented many years later. The case described here is of a frontal intradiploic
      leptomeningeal cyst developing in an adult as a sequel to a skull injury 12
      months earlier. Intradiploic cysts occurring after fractures in adulthood do not
      appear to have been described previously.

PMID- 3356107
TI  - The morbidity of CT air meatography.

PMID- 3356108
TI  - Why does vasodilatation occur during syncope?
AB  - 1. Syncopal or near syncopal episodes have been observed in five subjects who
      stood or were tilted and in whom blood samples were being taken. 2. In all
      subjects bradycardia and hypotension developed before the onset of symptoms.
      Increases in plasma adrenaline concentrations occurred in all subjects, beginning
      before the faint. Changes in plasma noradrenaline concentrations were variable:
      in three subjects there was a marked fall and in the other two subjects an
      increase. Plasma vasopressin increased in all subjects. 3. Increase in plasma
      adrenaline may be contributing to the vasodilatation and arterial hypotension
      which occur during syncope.

PMID- 3356109
TI  - Effects of pH and osmolarity on aerosol-induced cough in normal volunteers.
AB  - 1. The chemosensitivity of cough receptors stimulated by inhalation of aqueous
      aerosols was evaluated in 21 normal volunteers in three experiments. 2. The pH of
      isotonic saline was altered using small amounts of phosphate or glycine buffers
      to produce solutions with a pH range of 2.6-10.0. These solutions were nebulized
      ultrasonically and breathed for 1 min periods by seven subjects in random order
      and on separate days. Cough frequency during each 1 min inhalation was recorded.
      Only the two solutions of extreme pH (2.6 and 10.0) caused cough. 3. The effect
      of altering the osmolarity of the inhaled aerosol on cough was assessed using D
      glucose over a range of 77-1232 mosmol/l. Saline solutions over the same range of
      osmolarity were also tested. The pH of D-glucose was raised to match that of
      saline by adding small amounts of sodium hydroxide. All solutions were nebulized
      and inhaled by seven subjects as described above for 1 min periods during which
      cough frequency was recorded. Forced expired volume in 1 s was recorded after
      each inhalation and did not alter in any subject by more than 10%. Subjects
      coughed when inhaling all the D-glucose solutions over the whole range of
      osmolarity. Cough occurred with saline solutions only at low chloride
      concentration and at the highest concentration. 4. In order to clarify whether
      the response to hypertonic saline was due to the high ionic content of the
      solutions or to its hypertonicity, two other solutions were tested. These were an
      isotonic and a hypertonic mixture of D-glucose and saline, containing 'normal'
      (150 mmol/l) ionic content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356110
TI  - Caffeine clearance and biotransformation in patients with chronic liver disease.
AB  - 1. The clearance and biotransformation of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) were
      investigated in eight healthy control subjects and 16 patients with cirrhosis, by
      measuring serial serum caffeine concentrations and recoveries of methylxanthine
      metabolites in urine for 48 h after a 400 mg oral caffeine load. 2. In the
      control group, the mean (+/- SD) serum caffeine clearance was 1.3 +/- 0.4 ml min
      1 kg-1 and a mean of 56.4 +/- 16.5% of the administered caffeine was recovered
      from the urine over 48 h as methyluric acids and methylxanthines. The majority of
      the metabolites were excreted in the first 24 h period and only 2.0 +/- 1.4% of
      the administered caffeine was excreted unchanged. 3. Patients with compensated
      cirrhosis (n = 10) metabolized caffeine similarly to the control subjects. Thus
      the mean serum caffeine clearance was 1.4 +/- 1.2 ml min-1 kg-1 and a mean of
      57.2 +/- 11.7% of the administered caffeine was recovered from the urine over 48
      h. The majority of the metabolites were excreted in the first 24 h; the pattern
      of metabolic excretion was unaltered and only 2.2 +/- 0.9% of the administered
      caffeine was excreted unchanged. 4. In the patients with decompensated cirrhosis
      (n = 6), significant changes were observed in caffeine metabolism. The mean serum
      caffeine clearance (0.4 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 kg-1) was significantly impaired
      compared with controls (P less than 0.01) and a significant delay was observed in
      metabolite excretion in the urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356111
TI  - Cyclosporin A prevents sensitization after blood transfusion in multiparous rats.
AB  - 1. Humoral immune responses to allogeneic blood transfusions and semi-allogeneic
      pregnancies were monitored by the indirect haemagglutination assay in strains of
      inbred rats. 2. Similar titres and ranges of cross-reactive alloantibodies were
      induced by blood transfusions and pregnancy; the maternal alloantibody response
      to paternal antigens was not increased by an unrelated antigenic stimulus. 3.
      Immunosuppression with cyclosporin A was effective in preventing the primary
      humoral immune response produced by blood transfusion but not in abrogating the
      established immune response to previous pregnancy. 4. These studies have
      established an animal model of sensitization that both stimulates the clinical
      situation of many potential renal transplant recipients and permits analyses of
      the different antigenic stimuli involved.

PMID- 3356112
TI  - Increased levels of platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2
      acetylglycerophosphocholine) in blood after reversal of renal clip hypertension
      in the rat.
AB  - 1. This study analyses whole blood in acutely unclipped one-kidney, one-clip (1K,
      1C) hypertensive rats for the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a
      potent vasodilator and a putative mediator of the rapid blood pressure (BP) fall
      seen after unclipping. 2. Hypertensive 1K, 1C rats were anaesthetized and a
      carotid and jugular cannula were inserted for BP measurement and anaesthetic
      infusion respectively. After a stable level of anaesthesia was attained, the
      constrictive clip was removed and BP was recorded for 30 min. 3. Blood was drawn
      from the aorta directly into ice-cold acetone. The extract was analysed for PAF
      by a bioassay using 5-hydroxy-[14C]tryptamine-labelled platelets. 4. Rats which
      showed a BP fall had elevated levels of PAF [55 +/- 6 (SEM) pg/ml] (P less than
      0.01). 5. This supports the hypothesis that activation of PAF biosynthesis may be
      a mechanism contributing to the fall in BP seen after unclipping the 1K, 1C
      hypertensive rat.

PMID- 3356113
TI  - Regulation of lactate uptake and lactate production in liver from 48-h-starved
      rats: effects of pH, flow and glucose concentration.
AB  - 1. The effects of medium glucose concentration (0-20 mmol/l) and flow (100-33% of
      normal) on lactate uptake at low lactate concentration were studied in perfused
      livers from 48-h-starved rats with perfusate pH values of 7.4 and 6.8. 2. Lactate
      uptake was independent of glucose concentration in the range 5-10 mmol/l, but was
      slightly inhibited with time at 20 mmol/l glucose. This pattern was independent
      of perfusate pH. 3. At both pH values lactate uptake decreased proportionally
      with flow, and at low flow lactate was produced by the livers. The effect of flow
      was greatest at pH 7.4 where a net lactate production was found at 48% of normal
      flow, whereas at pH 6.8 lactate production was not seen until the flow was
      reduced to 33% of normal. 4. When glucose was omitted from the perfusate lactate
      production ceased at both pH values. 5. The effect of low pH on lactate uptake
      and production in liver probably reflects inhibition of glycolysis by low pH.

PMID- 3356114
TI  - Hepatic cholesterol synthesis and esterification in rats after chronic ethanol
      feeding.
AB  - 1. Chronic (5 weeks) alcohol-fed and isocaloric glucose pair-fed control rats had
      similar body weights, liver weights and liver protein contents. 2. Hepatic
      esterified cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels were two- to three-fold higher
      in alcohol-fed rats than in controls. 3. Hepatic cholesterol synthesis rates
      measured in vivo with 3H2O were significantly reduced in alcohol-fed rats. 4.
      Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.1.1.34) activity
      was increased and the apparent Km for 3-hydroxymethyl-3-glutaryl-CoA was
      decreased in alcohol-fed rats. 5. Hepatic acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase
      (cholesterol acyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.26) activity was significantly increased
      in alcohol-fed rats. 6. These results indicate that there is no direct
      relationship between 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and sterol
      synthesis in liver of alcohol-fed rats.

PMID- 3356115
TI  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of steady-state adenosine 5'-triphosphate
      levels during graded hypoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - 1. A model of controlled hypoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney has been
      used to compare the extent of reduction in the steady-state level of adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP) from that initially observed with alterations in renal
      function and with the development of tubular cell injury. 2. ATP depletion was
      observed in response to decreased total oxygen delivery even when delivery
      greatly exceeded consumption and the venous oxygen tension remained in excess of
      150 mmHg. 3. Increases in the fractional excretion of sodium occurred
      progressively below an apparent threshold value of whole kidney ATP of
      approximately 80% of the baseline. 4. With modestly decreased oxygen delivery,
      cellular injury was confined to deep proximal tubule and medullary thick
      ascending limb of Henle's loop. Severely decreased oxygen delivery rates were
      associated with cellular damage spreading throughout the cortex. 5. Even the
      smallest reductions in whole kidney ATP were associated with morphological damage
      to tubular cells. The extent of reduction in whole kidney ATP was closely
      correlated and approximately equivalent to the calculated volume of injured
      cells. 6. Our results indicate that reduction in whole kidney ATP during
      decreased oxygen delivery is a valid marker of the extent of injurious cellular
      hypoxia and are consistent with the view that cellular ATP concentrations in
      hypoxia are markedly inhomogeneous. They support the hypothesis that specific
      regions of the perfused kidney become critically hypoxic and develop cellular
      injury while overall oxygen delivery remains high. Areas at risk include deep
      proximal tubule as well as the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

PMID- 3356116
TI  - Intrapatient variation of aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in critically ill
      surgery patients.
AB  - Intrapatient variation in aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics was studied in 100
      critically ill surgery patients, and the relationships between aminoglycoside
      pharmacokinetics and physiological variables were evaluated. A one-compartment
      model and the DataMed Clinical Support Service System were used to calculate
      pharmacokinetic values from serum concentration-time data and to provide
      individualized dosage regimens. A total of 323 pharmacokinetic analyses (2 to 9
      per patient) were performed. There were significant intrapatient differences in
      clearance (CL) between analyses, and there was a downward trend in elimination
      rate constant (k) and an upward trend in half-life (t1/2) with time. There were
      no significant differences in mean volume of distribution (V) between analyses
      and no strong correlations of V, k, and CL between analyses. The total daily
      dosage necessary to provide the desired serum aminoglycoside concentration
      decreased with time, while the dosing interval increased. The mean absolute
      changes in t1/2, V, and CL between analyses were 3.2 hr, 7.1 L, and 15.7 mL/min,
      respectively. Dosing regimen changes were required in 90% of the patients,
      regardless of the time between analyses, including 75% (24/32) of the patients
      with analyses on consecutive days. There were weak correlations between changes
      in serum creatinine concentration and changes in dosing interval and between
      changes in weight and changes in V. Changes in calculated creatinine clearance,
      BUN, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, systemic
      vascular resistance, cardiac index, input minus output, and maximum temperature
      did not result in strong correlations with k, t1/2, V, and CL by univariate or
      multivariate regression analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356117
TI  - Effect of infusion pump fill-stroke flow interruption on response to sodium
      nitroprusside in surgical patients.
AB  - The influence of the piston-cassette pump fill stroke on the pharmacodynamic
      response to sodium nitroprusside was evaluated prospectively in 10 adult patients
      in the surgical intensive-care unit. Simultaneous analog recordings of blood
      pressure and fill stroke were made over three complete pump fill cycles in each
      patient. Sodium nitroprusside flow rates and concentrations were recorded
      throughout the data-collection period. Analysis was based on the maximum pressure
      obtained during the two-minute baseline period before a fill stroke (Pmax
      baseline), the pressure at the initiation of the fill stroke (P initial), and the
      maximum pressure obtained during the two-minute period after the fill stroke
      (Pmax postfill). The maximum systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood
      pressure (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) during the baseline and post-fill
      stroke periods were significantly different. The mean (+/- S.D.) variability in
      pressure between the time periods Pmax baseline and Pmax postfill was 3.9 +/- 5.8
      mm Hg for SBP (range, -8 to +16), 3.5 +/- 5.7 mm Hg for DBP (range, -7 to +13),
      and 3.6 +/- 5.6 mm Hg for MBP (range, -7 to +14). The likelihood of a
      pharmacodynamic change was inconsistent both between and within patients. Within
      patients the difference between cycles for the variability between time periods
      ranged from a minimum of 2 mm Hg to a maximum of 16 mm Hg for SBP, 2 mm Hg to 17
      mm Hg for DBP, and 1 mm Hg to 17 mm Hg for MBP. The variability within the
      baseline period (Pmax baseline - P initial) in SBP was significantly greater than
      the variability between the time periods, while the differences for DBP and MBP
      were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356118
TI  - Efficacy of individualized phenytoin sodium loading doses administered by
      intravenous infusion.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of administering individualized phenytoin sodium loading
      doses by intravenous infusion were studied on 40 occasions in 37 adult patients
      having seizures. Doses were calculated based on an average volume of distribution
      (0.75 L/kg) and desired plasma phenytoin concentration. Total and free phenytoin
      concentrations were determined before and after the infusion. Phenytoin sodium
      doses of 225-1300 mg were administered by intravenous infusion at a rate of 40
      mg/min after dilution in 0.9% sodium chloride injection to concentrations ranging
      from 4.5 to 13.5 mg/mL. Infusion rates were reduced if adverse effects occurred.
      The dosing method accurately achieved desired phenytoin concentrations (predicted
      mean +/- S.D. concentration, 18.3 +/- 1.6 micrograms/mL; observed mean
      concentration, 17.4 +/- 2.5 micrograms/mL). Postinfusion concentrations of free
      phenytoin ranged from 0.8 to 3.6 micrograms/mL (mean +/- S.D., 1.7 +/- 0.6
      micrograms/mL). Of 21 patients evaluated for efficacy, 16 responded. A total of
      45% of patients experienced pain at the infusion site, which diminished when the
      infusion rate was reduced. No serious cardiovascular or neurological toxicities
      occurred. The intravenous infusion method of administration is safe and effective
      and is useful for rapid achievement of therapeutic phenytoin concentrations in
      the emergency room setting.

PMID- 3356120
TI  - Effect of food and gastric acidity on absorption of orally administered
      ketoconazole.
AB  - Effects of food and gastric acidity on the bioavailability of ketoconazole
      tablets were investigated in 12 volunteers using a six-treatment, randomized,
      Latin-square crossover design. All volunteers received all treatments, as
      follows: (A) ketoconazole 200 mg administered after a fast; (B) ketoconazole 200
      mg with a standardized high-fat meal; (C) ketoconazole 200 mg with a standardized
      high-carbohydrate meal; (D) ketoconazole 200 mg after pretreatment with glutamic
      acid hydrochloride 680 mg as capsules; (E) ketoconazole 200 mg in a simulated
      achlorhydric state induced with cimetidine and sodium bicarbonate; and (F)
      ketoconazole 200 mg administered with glutamic acid hydrochloride in a simulated
      achlorhydric state. Ketoconazole concentrations were measured by high-performance
      liquid chromatography in plasma samples drawn immediately before and at various
      times over 24 hours after drug administration. Bioavailability variables,
      including natural logarithm transformation for area under the concentration-time
      curve (AUC), were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan's Multiple
      Range testing. Treatments B and C significantly prolonged the times required to
      achieve the peak plasma ketoconazole concentration, and treatment C also
      significantly reduced the peak plasma ketoconazole concentration (Cmax) compared
      with treatment A. There was a trend toward increased AUC values with treatment B
      and decreased AUC values with treatment C. Treatment D produced a higher Cmax
      compared with treatment A, and treatment E produced large, significant reductions
      in Cmax and AUC values compared with treatment A. Treatment F significantly
      increased AUC values and Cmax compared with treatment E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356119
TI  - Glipizide pharmacokinetics in young and elderly volunteers.
AB  - The effects of aging on the pharmacokinetics of glipizide were studied. Ten
      healthy young men (24.9 +/- 1.9 years of age) and 10 healthy older men (74.4 +/-
      7.9 years of age) each ingested a single 5-mg tablet of glipizide after an
      overnight fast. Blood samples were obtained immediately before drug ingestion and
      at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and at 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24
      hours after drug ingestion. Serum samples were assayed for glipizide content by a
      modified high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. Clearance, volume of
      distribution at steady state, and half-life were estimated from the serum
      concentration-time curve data. Area under the concentration-time curve and area
      under the moments curve were calculated using the trapezoidal rule. The mean
      values for young and older subjects for time to peak concentration (2.1 versus
      2.5 hours), peak concentrations (465 versus 399 micrograms/mL), elimination half
      life (4.2 versus 4.0 hours), clearance (38.8 versus 38.1 mL/min), and
      distribution volume at steady state (12.5 versus 14.3 L) were not significant.
      However, two older individuals had a markedly prolonged time to peak
      concentration (six to eight hours). For 8 of the 20 subjects a more prolonged
      terminal half-life may have existed. Further study is required to determine
      whether significant pharmacokinetic differences between young and elderly
      subjects appear with multiple dosing of glipizide.

PMID- 3356122
TI  - Selection of a human growth hormone product.

PMID- 3356121
TI  - Effects of diltiazem hydrochloride on glucose tolerance in persons at risk for
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3356123
TI  - On the plasmalogenation of myocardial choline glycerophospholipid during
      maturation of various vertebrates.
AB  - 1. The plasmalogen profiles of a series of hearts from fish to mammals were
      obtained by various TLC analyses. 2. All specimens (ventricular) contained
      ethanolamine plasmalogen and some choline plasmalogen, as well. 3. The
      distribution of these two plasmalogen species was relatable, in part, to (a)
      phylogeny and (b) ontogeny. 4. There were exceptions. 5. The appearance of
      choline plasmalogen was preceded by its alkylacyl precursor, suggesting
      plasmalogenation by a base-specific delta 1-alkyl desaturase. 6. From the data,
      we have raised some questions as to the metabolic role played by the plasmalogens
      and precursors as occupants of myocardial mitchondrial membranes.

PMID- 3356124
TI  - Guanine nucleotide binding in human placental syncytiotrophoblast membranes and
      comparative regulation of adenylate cyclase in syncytiotrophoblast, turkey
      erythrocyte and bovine calf testes membranes by guanosine-5'-triphosphate.
AB  - Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) binds specifically to syncytiotrophoblast plasma
      membranes and increases the production of cyclic AMP in these membranes. 1. In
      syncytiotrophoblast membranes, GTP alone caused a significant increase in the
      basal levels of cyclic AMP in a dose dependent manner. 2. GTP alone did not
      significantly stimulate cyclic AMP production in turkey erythrocyte or bovine
      calf testes membranes. 3. GTP decreased Gpp(NH)p-mediated cyclic AMP production
      while increasing NaF-mediated cyclic AMP production in placental, erythrocyte and
      testes membranes. 4. Since cyclic AMP has been reported to regulate the levels of
      placental hormones, and it is shown in this study that GTP increases cyclic AMP
      production in the placenta, this study suggests: (A) placental GTP levels may
      indirectly regulate placental hormone production, (B) placental beta adrenergic
      (BA) mediated adenylate cyclase activity may not be regulated in the same manner
      as the BA system of avian erythrocytes.

PMID- 3356125
TI  - Bivalve hemocyanins--a comparison with other molluscan hemocyanins.
AB  - 1. The hemocyanins of the protobranch bivalves Yoldia thraciaeformis, Yoldia
      limatula and Acila castrensis have absorption spectra similar to other
      hemocyanins. 2. Hemocyanins from all three bivalves appear as six-tiered
      cylinders in the electron microscope (30-32 nm in diameter by 34-38 nm in
      height). Yoldia thraciaeformis and A. castrensis hemocyanins tend to dissociate
      to three-tiered half molecules with polar images and also to associate into long
      tubular polymers. 3. Yoldia thraciaeformis and A. castrensis hemocyanins
      chromatograph on Sepharose 4B gel close to gastropod hemocyanin (Mr = 9 x 10(6]
      rather than chiton hemocyanin (Mr = 4 x 10(6]. 4. Hemocyanins from all three
      vivalves have subunits with electrophoretic mobilities similar to gastropod and
      polyplacophoran hemocyanin subunits and slower than octopodan hemocyanin
      subunits. 5. These similarities between bivalve and gastropod hemocyanins are
      consistent with the hypothesis that bivalves and gastropods have shared a common
      ancestor.

PMID- 3356126
TI  - The level of natural antioxidant glutathione and histidine-containing dipeptides
      in skeletal muscles of developing chick embryos.
AB  - 1. The levels of glutathione and histidine-containing dipeptides in skeletal
      muscles change in different ways during ontogenesis. 2. The glutathione content
      in skeletal muscles increases between the 9th and 18th days of embryongenesis-
      from 0.5 to 2.0 mumol/g of tissue wet wt and then drops to zero in 3-week-old
      chickens. 3. The level of histidine-containing dipeptides increases throughout
      the observation period beginning with their appearance on the 14th day in leg
      muscles and on the 15th day in breast muscles of chicken embryos up to the 21st
      postnatal day. 4. There is a negative correlation between the antioxidative
      systems of glutathione and histidine-containing dipeptides in muscle tissue, i.e.
      dipeptide-rich tissues contain little or no glutathione and vice versa.

PMID- 3356127
TI  - Factors influencing prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity in possum (Trichosurus
      vulpecula).
AB  - 1. There were marked differences in prostatic wts among individual possums, but
      no evidence of a seasonally related change in wt could be established. It was
      concluded that the wt differences are mainly due to the changes in secretory
      activities. After castration the prostate wts fell while after administration of
      testosterone or oestradiol partially reversed this process. 2. Seven steroid
      conversion products were isolated from prostatic homogenates incubated with [3H]
      testosterone; 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol forming the highest yield.
      3. While the 5 alpha-reductase activity of prostates from intact possums was very
      low (approx. 8% of the total yield), it increased to over 50% after castration.
      4. Administration of testosterone or oestradiol partially reversed the post
      castration rise in 5 alpha-reductase, while 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstane-3
      one (DHT) was ineffective. Administration of porcine FSH-NIH-P2 to both intact or
      castrated possums caused a marked rise in prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity.
      5. It was concluded that in possum, FSH may have a direct stimulatory effect on
      prostatic 5 alpha-reductase activity. The results are discussed in relation to
      placental mammals.

PMID- 3356128
TI  - A comprehensive biochemical analysis of the blood of the camel (Camelus
      dromedarius).
AB  - 1. The blood of twenty camels has been analyzed and the levels of eight serum
      enzymes determined. 2. In addition, PK and G6PD activities in the erythrocytes
      were assayed. 3. A number of other serum constituents were also measured,
      including haemoglobin, bilirubin, uric acid, phosphorus, cholesterol, total
      lipids and glucose. 4. Wherever possible, the values obtained were compared with
      data for the camel reported in the literature. 5. Where no such values existed,
      comparisons with other ruminants were drawn.

PMID- 3356129
TI  - Comparative immunochemical and structural similarities of five stress proteins
      from various tissue types.
AB  - 1. Incorporation of radioactive phosphate or leucine by stress proteins from
      rodent lymphoma, submaxillary and liver nuclei were observed in two-dimensional
      gels following chemical and environmental stress. 2. The stress proteins were
      isolated from second-dimension gels and their similarities compared. Mol. wt
      determinations, immunochemical blotting and protease V8 peptide mapping confirmed
      the identical nature of the stress proteins possessing identical Mr, but from
      diverse tissue types. 3. These data imply that highly similar stress proteins
      exist in diverse tissues, are conserved during evolution, and possess some
      elemental and essential function.

PMID- 3356130
TI  - The effect of L-carnitine on the apolipoprotein pattern of rats fed a cholesterol
      rich diet.
AB  - 1. L-Carnitine was administered to hypercholesterolemic rats for eight days,
      after which the blood was collected by intracardiac puncture and lipoproteins
      were collected by preparative ultracentrifuge. 2. The chemical composition of
      lipoproteins of normal rats and hypercholesterolemic rats before and after L
      carnitine treatment was determined. 3. The total serum B and E apoproteins were
      assayed by rocket electrophoresis, while apoproteins in VLDL, IDL, LDL and HDL
      were determined by densitometric scanning of SDS and TMU polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis. 4. The results obtained showed that the L-carnitine treatment
      tends to restore to normal values both the chemical composition of lipoproteins
      and the apoproteins pattern of rats fed on a diet enriched with cholesterol.

PMID- 3356131
TI  - Guinea pig liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of two
      distinct classes of isozymes.
AB  - 1. Two distinct classes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes were purified
      from guinea pig liver. 2. While the two classes of isozymes have similar subunit
      weight and electrophoretic mobility on starch gel, they differ markedly in
      catalytic properties. 3. The class A ADH oxidizes rapidly, exhibits saturated
      kinetics with both primary and secondary alcohols and is inhibited very
      effectively by 4-methylpyrazole (Ki = 0.58 microM) and o-phenanthroline (I50 =
      0.1 mM). 4. The class B isozyme does not oxidize secondary alcohols, exhibits
      saturated kinetics only with long chain primary alcohols and is less sensitive to
      the ADH inhibitors 4-methylpyrazole (Ki = 15 mM) and o-phenanthroline (I50
      greater than 10 mM).

PMID- 3356132
TI  - Effect of dietary terpenes on glucuronic acid excretion and ascorbic acid
      turnover in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula).
AB  - 1. Glucuronic acid was excreted in the urine of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus
      vulpecula, in response to dietary terpenes (essential oils found in Eucalyptus
      foliage). 2. The relationship between urinary glucuronic acid and the estimated
      terpene content of the diet was not equimolar, but varied from 1-17%, with levels
      of 5-39% found in animals maintained on terpenes or eucalypt leaves for several
      weeks. 3. Blood levels of ascorbate and the turnover rate of ascorbate were
      increased in the brushtail possum in response to dietary terpenes. 4. The
      presence of an active glucuronic acid pathway and associated glucose-ascorbate
      glucose cycle was postulated for the brushtail possum and the other arboreal
      marsupials, Pseudocheirus peregrinus (common ringtail possum) and Petauroides
      volans (greater glider). 5. By means of these pathways these animals may utilise
      the high ascorbate content of Eucalyptus leaves to conserve glucose required for
      synthesis of glucuronic acid used for conjugation of dietary terpenes.

PMID- 3356133
TI  - Antioxidative properties of histidine-containing dipeptides from skeletal muscles
      of vertebrates.
AB  - 1. Ascorbate-dependent peroxidation of lipid components of biological membranes
      is inhibited by the natural histidine-containing dipeptides, carnosine and
      anserine, used at physiological concentrations. 2. Carnosine and anserine exhibit
      an equal antioxidative activity, whereas the preventing effect of homocarnosine
      is manifested only at low concentrations of oxidized lipid material. 3. The
      inhibiting effect of the dipeptides is enhanced either by the rise in the
      dipeptide concentration or by the decrease in the level of membrane components.
      4. Addition of the dipeptides results in a marked decrease in the level of
      primary molecular products of lipid peroxidation. 5. In this case the optical
      spectrum of primary molecular products of polyunsaturated fatty acids changes
      significantly.

PMID- 3356134
TI  - Seasonal variations of DNA-synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells of
      hibernating animals--2. DNA-synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells of ground
      squirrel (Citellus undulatus) during autumn and late hibernation season.
AB  - 1. DNA-synthesis was found to be gradually reduced in the intestinal crypt cells
      of ground squirrel during autumn at the time of preparation for hibernation and
      gradually rose during late hibernation season in February-March at the time of
      preparation for arousal. 2. A conclusion is made on the seasonal variations in
      cell replacement of true hibernators.

PMID- 3356135
TI  - Plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels in captive wild animals.
AB  - 1. The plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels of a number of captive wild
      animals on defined vitamins A and E intake were determined. 2. In all the species
      examined they appeared to be low in relation to intake and as compared with
      recorded values of some domesticated species.

PMID- 3356136
TI  - Comparative study on the main membrane-surface sialoglycopeptides released from
      young and old human erythrocytes with trypsin.
AB  - 1. The amount of sialoglycopeptide (SGP) mixture released from young (Y)
      erythrocytes by trypsin treatment was significantly larger than that from old (O)
      ones. 2. The two main membrane-surface sialoglycopeptides (Y-SGP and O-SGP) were
      isolated in yields of about 45% and 42% from the mixtures by a combination of
      Sephadex G-50 superfine gel filtration with DEAE-cellulose chromatography,
      respectively. Molecular weights of 12,000 and 12,100, respectively, were found
      for the Y-SGP and the O-SGP. 3. The Y-SGP showed a greater proportion of sialic
      acid than the O-SGP. The contents of galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N
      acetylgalactosamine of the Y-SGP were significantly lower than those of the O
      SGP. 4. Both the SGPs exhibited the same reactivities against the MN reagents,
      but the reactivities against the lectins of Limulus polyphemus and Phaseolus
      vulgaris (E) were stronger in the Y-SGP than in the O-SGP. Neither the Y-SGP nor
      the O-SGP showed the reactivity to Arachis hypogaea (anti-T) lectin.

PMID- 3356137
TI  - In vivo and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of tyrosine
      metabolism during insect cuticle formation.
AB  - 1. Tyrosine metabolism during pupation can be followed in living Heliothis
      virescens larvae using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 2. Loss of 13C
      signals from a label at the C-3 position of tyrosine during pupation indicates
      uptake of tyrosine into solid cuticle. 3. Solids 13C NMR spectroscopy of cuticle
      formed by insects injected with 3-13C labelled tyrosine indicates that little
      change in chemical shift occurs during cuticle hardening, indicating that the
      side chain is probably not involved in protein cross-linking.

PMID- 3356138
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase from Lampetra planeri is composed of chains of unique type
      which show intermediate properties between the heart and the muscle isozymes of
      vertebrates.
AB  - 1. Like other lamprey species, Lampetra planeri displays LDH chains of a single
      type. Since lampreys are more related to vertebrates than myxines, which do have
      usual A and B monomers, we suspect that either a gene inactivation or a gene loss
      occurred in the former group. 2. The characterization of the enzyme gave
      interesting results. From the standpoint of its affinity for ion exchangers, it
      behaves as if it is composed of A-type chains. 3. From the standpoint of
      substrate and product inhibition, it resembles much more closely the B containing
      isozyme. 4. Since literature reports that the other known single-chained LDH's
      from lampreys are definitely of the A type, we suggest the possibility that L.
      planeri enzyme underwent some orthologous evolution which brought it to resemble
      the heart isozyme.

PMID- 3356139
TI  - Purification and comparison of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the liver
      and kidney of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - 1. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was partially purified from camel liver and
      kidney by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange
      chromatography. 2. The specific activity of the purified preparation from liver
      was 39.2 mumol/min per mg protein. 3. When isolated from the kidney the specific
      activity of the enzyme was very much higher 155.5 mumol/min per mg protein. 4.
      The enzyme from the two sources were similar in their pH optimum which was
      approx. 7.2 and their relative stability to thermal inactivation at 60 degrees C.
      5. The mol. wt of the enzyme from both organs was estimated at 80,000 +/- 5000.

PMID- 3356140
TI  - Solid phase immunoradiometric assay for porcine serum ferritin.
AB  - 1. A solid phase immunoradiometric assay using anti-serum coated polystyrene
      tubes, is described for the assay of porcine serum ferritin. 2. The mean
      concentration of ferritin in the serum of both male and female pigs (Sus scrofa)
      was 12.1 micrograms/l +/- 8.7 micrograms (range less than 1-35 micrograms/l) and
      no sex differences were observed in 40 pigs from 1 day to 4 years old. 3. Serum
      ferritin increased with increasing body iron stores in iron loaded pigs as
      assessed by hepatic iron concentration. 4. The assay is sensitive (detecting less
      than 1 microgram/l), reproducible, specific and it does not cross-react with
      human or rat ferritin.

PMID- 3356141
TI  - Comparative studies on the leukotriene D4-metabolizing enzyme of different types
      of leukocytes.
AB  - 1. The leukotriene (LT) D4-metabolizing enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of
      LTD4 to LTE4, was investigated in various types of leukocytes from guinea pigs
      and humans. 2. In guinea pigs, the enzyme activity was present in macrophages but
      was hardly present in neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. 3. In humans,
      neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages all possessed the enzyme activity.
      However, enzyme activity varied with cell types and macrophages showed the
      highest enzyme activity among the leukocytes. 4. The subcellular localization of
      the LTD4-metabolizing enzyme was studied and leukocytes were divided into two
      groups: one which has the enzyme activity exclusively on the cell surface and the
      other which has the activity both on the cell surface and in the granules of
      leukocytes. 5. The enzyme activity was remarkably inhibited by o-phenanthroline
      and dithiothreitol and the inactivated enzyme was considerably reactivated by
      Co2+ and Zn2+, suggesting that the LTD4-metabolizing enzyme of leukocytes is a
      metalloenzyme.

PMID- 3356142
TI  - Monitoring spinal cord blood flow using hydrogen polarography.
AB  - Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) is an important physiological variable that may
      undergo changes following cord injury. We measured SCBF in healthy dogs whose
      cord had been cooled, a technique that is useful for treating spinal cord injured
      patients. A microcomputerized system developed for efficient recording of SCBF on
      line is described in this paper.

PMID- 3356143
TI  - A transportable interactive package for the statistical analysis and handling of
      sequence data.
AB  - A real-time, machine-independent software for the analysis and manipulation of
      sequence data is described. The implemented system allows users to read in
      sequence data from existing data bases, and to edit, manipulate, analyse and
      align them. It is easy to use and is suitable for routine investigations and to
      modify sequences in order to create a user customized data base.

PMID- 3356144
TI  - A program for the computation of life tables with fittings to model tables for
      anthropological studies.
AB  - A program has been written to compute life tables with fittings to the Coale and
      Demeny West, and Weiss table survivorships for the purposes of comparison between
      populations. A graphics option allows for the plotting of the various life table
      functions, thus allowing for the immediate assessment of the patterns indicated
      by the life table columns.

PMID- 3356146
TI  - Application of the method of multiple thresholding to white blood cell
      classification.
AB  - A new method of image segmentation based on the principle of multiple grey level
      thresholding has been applied to a data set consisting of 1149 white blood cells
      of 13 different, clinically important types, randomly chosen on 20 blood smears
      from leukemia patients. Classification of these cells on the basis of
      quantitative measurements in the segmented images yields an accuracy of 82.6%.
      Some of the erroneous classifications must be attributed to intrinsic problems in
      the assignment of a priori labels. Correcting for such cases, the performance of
      the method, as measured on the present data set, increases to 89.8%. This
      illustrates the practical applicability of the segmentation method in automated
      white blood cell and possibly other cytological and histological analysis
      systems.

PMID- 3356145
TI  - A microcomputer program for fitting two-substrate enzyme rate equations.
AB  - This paper describes a microcomputer program written in BASIC for fitting
      different two-substrate enzyme kinetic mechanisms. The present program is a
      complement of one which was recently published and was developed to fit different
      models of enzyme inhibition. The complete program resulting from this
      complementation allows the fitting of the most usual rate equations found in
      steady-state studies of enzyme kinetics. The program based on a non-linear least
      squares regression, can be run on any microcomputer having the CP/M operating
      system. The initial rate equation for a steady-state random bisubstrate mechanism
      was chosen to evaluate the performance of the program, with contrived data of
      known error structure.

PMID- 3356147
TI  - Identification and 3-D quantification of atherosclerosis using magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in the
      United States as well as other developed countries. This paper describes the
      development of image processing, pattern recognition, and graphical display
      techniques to non-invasively quantify the atherosclerotic disease process using
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have demonstrated the ability to identify
      the soft tissue classes of (1) normal, smooth muscle wall, (2) fatty plaque, (3)
      complex, fibrous plaque, and (4) calcified plaque. The objective of this work has
      been to combine functional information, such as plaque tissue type, with
      structural information, represented by 3-D display of vessel structure, into a
      single composite display. The results of this work provide a "high information
      content" display which will aid in the diagnosis and analysis of the
      atherosclerotic disease process, and permit detailed and quantitative studies to
      assess the effectiveness of therapies (e.g. changes in diet, exercise and drug
      administration).

PMID- 3356148
TI  - Toward prospective registration of clinical trials.

PMID- 3356149
TI  - Analysis of duration of response: a problem of oncology trials.
AB  - Comparing response durations between treatment groups in a randomized clinical
      trial can be inappropriate and give misleading results concerning the relative
      durability of responses. Due to patient variability, the treatment producing more
      responses will usually also have responsive patients of poorer prognosis. A
      treatment that increases the probability and duration of a response can appear to
      produce responses of shorter duration based on an analysis of duration of
      response. Alternative procedures are discussed.

PMID- 3356150
TI  - Report from a workshop: archives for data and documents from completed clinical
      trials.

PMID- 3356151
TI  - Sample size for comparison of changes in the presence of right censoring caused
      by death, withdrawal, and staggered entry.
AB  - In estimating and comparing the rates of change of a continuous variable between
      two groups, the unweighted averages of individual simple least-square estimates
      from each group are often used. Under the linear random effects model, these
      statistics are maximum likelihood estimates for the expected rates of change when
      all individuals have complete observations. However, death and withdrawal often
      cause observations on the variable of interest to be right censored for some
      participants, which makes any subsequent measurements impossible (to be referred
      to as right censoring). In this situation, the unweighted averages are no longer
      efficient in comparison with the generalized least-square estimates. Relationship
      between sample size, frequency of measurement, and right censoring are described
      for the different estimation procedures. Using realistic estimates of the random
      effect parameters, we illustrate that if there were 8% right censored
      observations each year due to participants' death or loss to follow-up, the
      sample size requirements for a proposed 3-year controlled clinical trial of alpha
      1-protease inhibitor replacement therapy could be more than doubled if the
      unweighed rather than the generalized least-square estimates were used.

PMID- 3356153
TI  - Measures of and tests for net improvement in clinical trials, PhD.
AB  - For clinical trials in which the outcome variable is trichotomous (regression, no
      change, improvement), a measure of net improvement in health status is proposed.
      Test statistics are derived for the null hypothesis of zero net improvement in a
      single patient group and for the null hypothesis of no difference in net
      improvement between two groups. The methods are applied to a clinical trial that
      evaluated the effect of argon laser photocoagulation in patients with macular
      edema in branch vein occlusion.

PMID- 3356152
TI  - Can categorization of patient background problems be used to determine early
      termination in a clinical trial?
AB  - Many patients entering a long-term clinical study are unable to remain active in
      the trial (taking medication as prescribed and attending clinic as scheduled) for
      up to 6 years. We studied a group of 622 patients entering an antiepileptic drug
      study with maximum possible follow-up period of 6 years. A centralized case
      validation system was used in this VA Epilepsy Cooperative Study to note problems
      in patients entering the study. The categories established for pre-entry case
      status were associated with events occurring during the course of the study that
      led to noncompletion of the study. The data were reviewed to determine whether
      pre-entry status can be used to suggest the likelihood that an individual patient
      will remain in the study to completion or become a non-drug-related loss. Over
      one-half of all losses were related to failure to return to clinic. Medical
      problems (18%), medication noncompliance (14%), and psychiatric problems (12%)
      accounted for the remainder of losses. Pre-entry issues often were the same
      reason for early loss. However, many patients with problems known at entry were
      maintained in the study when targeted for extra support. We found some groups of
      patients had considerably more early terminations whereas others had less loss to
      the trial than we predicted originally. Thus, case categorization at entry can be
      used to estimate the likelihood of early termination from a clinical trial.

PMID- 3356154
TI  - Report from the panel on the Case for Registers of Clinical Trials at the Eighth
      Annual Meeting of the Society for Clinical Trials.
AB  - A plenary session at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Clinical Trials
      addressed "The Case for Registers of Clinical Trials." There are a number of
      reasons for having registers of clinical trials: to promote collaboration and
      communication among investigators regarding new and ongoing clinical trials, to
      provide a basis for methodologic research, and to facilitate meta-analysis by the
      availability of a system of trial identification that is independent of the
      published literature. The experience gleaned by those involved with two existing
      trial registers, the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
      Registry and the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, can be used to provide
      insight into the issues generic to trial registration. The time perspective to be
      used, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the practicability of comprehensive
      prospective registration, and funding are central considerations for these and
      other registers.

PMID- 3356155
TI  - Emotion, illness and healing in Middle Eastern societies.

PMID- 3356156
TI  - Ritual, the state, and the transformation of emotional discourse in Iranian
      society.
AB  - This paper explores the social and cultural organization of Iranian emotional
      discourse and its transformation in post-revolutionary Iran. First, the Moharram
      dramas we participated in during field research are described, indicating how
      these performances organized a 'prototypical' view of the social order, the self,
      and the passions. Using Kapferer's distinction between "transcendental" and
      "transformative" rituals, we argue that these dramas were traditionally organized
      as "transcendental" rites. Second, data on grieving rituals and depressive
      illness among Iranians is introduced, focusing on the "transformative" qualities
      of mourning rites and suggesting an interpretation of depression as a failure of
      the "work of culture." Third, the appropriation of these symbolic forms of
      society, self, and the emotions by the current Iranian Islamic state and the role
      of the state in defining the meaning and legitimacy of emotions and their
      expression is analyzed.

PMID- 3356157
TI  - The baladi curative system of Cairo, Egypt.
AB  - The article explores the symbolic structure of the baladi (traditional) cultural
      system as revealed in everyday narratives, with a focus on baladi curative
      action. The everyday illness narrative provides a cultural window to the
      principles of fluidity and restorative balance of baladi curative practices. The
      body is seen as a dynamic organism through which both foreign objects and
      physiological entities can move. The body should be in balance, as with any
      humorally-influenced system, and so baladi cures aim to restore normal balance
      and functioning of the body. The article examines in detail a narrative on
      treatment of a sick child, and another on treatment of fertility problems. It
      traces such cultural oppositions as insider: outsider; authentic:inauthentic;
      home remedy:cosmopolitan medicine. In the social as well as the medical arena
      these themes organize social/medical judgements about correct action and
      explanations of events.

PMID- 3356158
TI  - Reading Saedi's Ahl-e Hava: pattern and significance in spirit possession beliefs
      on the southern coasts of Iran.
AB  - Based on Saedi's description of spirit possession beliefs and practices on the
      southern coasts of Iran, this paper attempts to isolate the culturally and
      psychologically significant categories through which the possessed define and
      differentiate their possessing spirits or "Winds." It examines the play of these
      categories in the complex of relationships between the possessing spirits, the
      possessed, ritual specialists, "symptoms" of possession, and their "negotiations"
      in rituals of possession or exorcism. It examines from a semiotic perspective the
      double transformations of spirit and host which in the beliefs and practices of
      the People of the Air constitute "therapy." It points out areas for further
      research and analysis.

PMID- 3356159
TI  - Affectivity in Persian language use.
AB  - A sociolinguistic analysis of emotion in Iranian culture and language use is
      developed. The work of Friedrich, Bateson, and others is drawn on to indicate how
      emotion is represented though metacommunicative, paralinguistic, and stylistic
      elements of language use. Communicative contexts in Iranian culture are marked in
      terms of two continua: one of personal and communicative intimacy, from "inside"
      (baten) to "outside" (zaher), and another of social hierarchy, from contexts
      indicating hierarchical relationships to those indicating equality. Affectivity
      in Persian language use is represented through intensification of a statement in
      relation to its contextual frame, through transposition of a linguistic form
      appropriate for one frame into another, or through culturally marked withdrawal
      from social interaction. It is argued that since emotions and psychological
      characteristics of individuals cannot be observed directly, attention should be
      focused on the expressive rules of culture rather than on "character" or
      "personality."

PMID- 3356160
TI  - Genome size and constitutive heterochromatin in Hylobates muelleri and
      Symphalangus syndactylus and in their viable hybrid.
AB  - Genome size was measured as the amount of Feulgen-stained DNA in six species of
      the family Hylobatidae and in a hybrid of the gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) and
      siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus). The family, on the whole, exhibits a wider
      range of genome sizes than pongids; in particular, the siamang has about 15% more
      DNA than the 44-chromosome Hylobates species of the "lar" group. Quantitative
      analysis of C-heterochromatin in hybrid metaphases showed that the difference in
      genome size of the parental species correlates with the amount of C-band-positive
      material. Hylobatids are the only group of primates in which karyotype
      diversification has taken place with a massive quantitative change in
      constitutive heterochromatin.

PMID- 3356161
TI  - Deficiency of all or part of chromosome 11 in several types of cancer:
      significance of a reduction in the number of normal chromosomes 11.

PMID- 3356162
TI  - Linkage data on monilethrix.

PMID- 3356163
TI  - Chromosomal localization of human lactotransferrin gene (LTF) by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - Lactotransferrin (LTF) is an important member of the transferrin family of
      proteins. These proteins play an essential role in the transport of iron in
      extracellular fluid (Aisen and Listowsky, 1980). Southern blot analysis of mouse
      human somatic cell hybrids have localized the LTF gene to region q21----qter of
      human chromosome 3 (Teng et al., unpublished data). Using the same full-length
      mouse cDNA probe (2.2 kb), the LTF gene was mapped to human chromosomal bands
      3q21----q23 by in situ hybridization. The sublocalization of the LTF gene to 3q21
      ---q23 is in the region of human chromosome 3 where the gene loci of transferrin
      and transferrin receptor have been localized (Yang et al., 1984; van de Rijn et
      al., 1983).

PMID- 3356164
TI  - Localization of human alpha 1 acid glycoprotein genes to 9q31----34.1.
AB  - There is evidence for more than one alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (alpha 1 AGP) gene,
      and they all appear to be in close proximity. In situ hybridization of the cloned
      human cDNA p alpha 1AGP-2 to human chromosomes indicates that the alpha 1AGP
      genes are located between bands q31 and q34.1 on chromosome 9. This finding is in
      agreement with the previous assignment of the locus for alpha 1AGP to a linkage
      group with ABO and AK on chromosome 9.

PMID- 3356165
TI  - Homoeologic aberrations in human and chimpanzee Y chromosomes: inverted and
      satellited Y chromosomes.
AB  - An inverted and a satellited Y chromosome detected in peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of a chimpanzee and a pygmy chimpanzee, respectively, were
      characterized cytogenetically by various banding techniques. A detailed
      comparison with an inverted and a satellited Y chromosome in man suggested that
      the corresponding aberrations were homoeologic.

PMID- 3356166
TI  - An analysis of structural aberrations in human sperm chromosomes.
AB  - We have analyzed structural aberrations in 5,000 sperm chromosome complements
      obtained from 20 men over a 5-yr period by fusion of human sperm with hamster
      eggs. Detailed data are presented on 366 abnormal cells with 379 analyzable
      breakpoints. The frequency of cells with structural aberrations ranged from 1.9%
      to 14.5% among donors; this interindividual variability was statistically
      significant (p less than 0.0001). In contrast, repeat samples from individual men
      showed no significant variation over time. The number of sperm chromosome sets
      processed per hamster egg had no effect on the frequency with which structural
      aberrations occurred, nor were sperm chromosome abnormalities altered by varying
      capacitation or culture conditions. The spectrum of structural aberrations
      observed in human sperm chromosomes and a chi-square analysis of breakpoints
      based on DNA content are presented. Although human sperm chromosome abnormalities
      were visualized with a cross-species system, we believe that they represent an
      inherent, biologically significant phenomenon.

PMID- 3356167
TI  - Assignment of three rat genes coding for plasma proteins, transferrin, third
      component of complement, and beta-fibrinogen to rat chromosomes 8, 9, and 2.
AB  - The assignment of three rat genes coding for plasma proteins has been deduced
      from the analysis of rat x mouse cell hybrids. The transferrin and the third
      component of complement genes were localized on rat chromosomes 8 and 9
      respectively, and the beta-fibrinogen gene on chromosome 2.

PMID- 3356168
TI  - Assignment of the human protein C gene (PROC) to chromosome region 2q14----q21 by
      in situ hybridization.
AB  - The protein C gene (PROC) was mapped by in situ hybridization. A genomic DNA
      probe containing the first three exons was 3H-labeled by nick translation, and
      this was then hybridized in situ to human chromosome preparations. The results
      localize the gene to 2q14----q21.

PMID- 3356170
TI  - An analysis of the chromomere map and chiasmata characteristics of human
      diplotene spermatocytes.
AB  - A complete chromomere map of early/mid diplotene human spermatocytes has been
      developed which permits identification of each bivalent. Bivalents 9, 16, 17, and
      19 demonstrated unique cytogenetic characteristics at this meiotic stage. The
      mean chiasma frequency per spermatocyte was 45.33 +/- 4.52 (ranging from 32 to
      58) with 28% of bivalents having one chiasma, 38% having two, and 27% having
      three. The remaining 7% had four or more chiasmata. Fifty-eight percent of
      chiasmata were located distally, 31% centrally, and 11% proximally. Univalents
      were rare. The availability of human diplotene spermatocyte maps permits
      exploration of many basic questions of recombination with accuracy.

PMID- 3356169
TI  - Molecular analysis of a case of meiotic recombination leading to cri-du-chat
      syndrome.
AB  - This paper describes a molecular investigation of a woman with an apparent large
      pericentric inversion of chromosome 5, inv(5)(p14;q35), and one normal chromosome
      5 and her child, who was born with cri-du-chat syndrome. The four chromosome 5
      homologs from the proband and his mother were isolated in somatic cell hybrids,
      and their haplotypes were determined at nine loci polymorphic for restriction
      enzyme sites. The deleted chromosome in the proband was shown to carry alleles
      from both maternal homologs, verifying molecularly that a meiotic recombination
      event in the mother gave rise to her son's deleted chromosome 5. The single
      crossover was presumably near the centromere.

PMID- 3356171
TI  - Effects of zero to four copies of chromosome 15 on mouse embryonic development.
AB  - Intercrosses of mice doubly heterozygous for Rb(6.15)1A1d and Rb(4.15)4Rma (thus
      are characterized by monobrachial homology for chromosome 15) produced embryos
      with zero to four copies of chromosome 15 in their expected frequencies at the
      first cleavage division. By 3 1/2 days' gestation, nullisomy 15 embryos were
      missing. At 8 1/2 to 9 1/2 days, no monosomy 15 embryos were found, although
      trisomy 15 and tetrasomy 15 embryos were still present in their expected numbers.
      Tetrasomics were more severely affected than trisomics at this gestational age;
      the former were severely retarded "streak" embryos, while the latter had open
      neural tubes and were 2/3 the size of euploid embryos. The functional activity of
      chromosomes during the embryonic development of autosomal aneuploids is discussed
      in light of these findings.

PMID- 3356173
TI  - Evidence for in situ amplification of a germ line homogeneously staining region
      in the mouse.
AB  - A cloned DNA sequence that is specific for a germ line homogeneously staining
      region (HSR) on chromosome 1 of the mouse was found to be homologous to a single
      copy sequence in non-HSR mice. By in situ hybridization, the sequence in non-HSR
      mice was localized to approximately the same site as the insertion site of the
      HSR on chromosome 1 of HSR mice, indicating in situ amplification of the HSR.

PMID- 3356172
TI  - Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein localized to 3q27----q29 by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Human plasma protein alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) is composed of two
      polypeptide chains, A and B, encoded by a single mRNA. Southern blot analysis of
      mouse x human somatic cell hybrids has mapped the AHSG gene to human chromosome 3
      in the region 3q21----qter (Lee et al., 1987). Using a recombinant plasmid
      containing a 1,538 bp insert spanning the entire AHSG coding region, AHSG was
      localized to chromosomal bands 3q27----q29 by in situ hybridization.

PMID- 3356174
TI  - DNA analysis by flow cytometry.
AB  - Accurate quantification of DNA from cells of several species is possible with
      flow cytometry. When one species is used as a reference, cytometric readings from
      two or more different species can be compared to obtain relative percent DNA or
      DNA indices. Differences in DNA from the male and female of the same species also
      can be measured. The method allows rapid screening of chromosomal abnormalities
      among large clinical populations, and evaluation of errors of sex determination
      such as XY sex reversal.

PMID- 3356175
TI  - Regional mapping of the human placental alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPP) to 2q37
      by in situ hybridization.
AB  - In order to determine the subchromosomal location of the gene for human placental
      alkaline phosphatase (ALPP; EC 3.1.3.1.), a cDNA probe encompassing most of the
      ALPP translated sequences was hybridized in situ to metaphase chromosomes. Our
      results confirm previous assignment of the gene to chromosome 2 and allow its
      regional mapping to band q37.

PMID- 3356176
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: use in neonatal ICU.

PMID- 3356179
TI  - Effect of visitors on patient behavior in the postanesthesia period.

PMID- 3356177
TI  - SvO2 monitoring: Part I. Clinical case application.

PMID- 3356180
TI  - [Must border-line hypertension and mild hypertension be treated?].

PMID- 3356178
TI  - SvO2 monitoring: Part II. Nursing research applications.

PMID- 3356181
TI  - [Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in angina pectoris].
AB  - In ten patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary heart disease
      exercise electrocardiograms were recorded before as well as two and four hours
      after administration of 5 or 10 mg Quinapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme
      inhibitor (ACEI). This reduced the sum of ST-segment depressions from 16.3 to
      11.6 mV (P less than 0.001). While the heart rate remained unchanged, blood
      pressure fell from 147/91 to 119/79 mm Hg and the angina-free exercise time was
      clearly prolonged. Altogether there was a reduction of the ischaemia reaction by
      35%. This perhaps speaks for an anti-anginal effect of ACEI, which could be of
      importance in the management of both hypertension and heart failure. In addition,
      the ACE inhibitors might be used as anti-angina drugs.

PMID- 3356182
TI  - [Atypical Caroli syndrome with kidney failure in cystic renal changes].
AB  - In a 61-year-old man in terminal renal failure from bilateral renal polycystic
      degeneration abdominal sonography chanced to demonstrate in the left lobe of the
      liver a saccular, pearl string-like dilatation of the, at first no further
      definable, duct systems. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed them to be bile
      draining and thus confirmed Caroli's disease, which had previously been
      asymptomatic for any hepatic involvement. Since in the majority of cases of
      Caroli's disease renal changes are symptom-free associated findings, the question
      arises whether in this case there is the coexistence of polycystic renal disease
      and Caroli's disease or whether the biliary tract and renal changes constitute a
      nosological entity in the sense of atypical Caroli's disease.

PMID- 3356183
TI  - [Lyme borreliosis in northern Germany].

PMID- 3356184
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoking and solvent exposure on sister chromatid exchange
      frequency in painters.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of sister chromatid exchange frequency (SCE) in
      peripheral blood lymphocytes from 117 members of the International Brotherhood of
      Painters and Allied Tradesman was conducted in union locals in two major U.S.
      cities. Chronic solvent exposure intensity and duration were estimated from
      interviewer-administered-questionnaire data. SCE for all of the workers in the
      study were scored by one reader. A second reader determined the SCE frequency
      from a random sample of 30 workers. No significant difference in SCE frequency
      was associated with reader or time of reading. Age, coffee and alcohol intake and
      chronic solvent exposure (both intensity and duration, estimated over the working
      lifetime and over the year prior to study for each worker) did not significantly
      elevate SCE. The effect of smoking on SCE frequency, assessed by analysis of
      variance controlling for other possible confounding factors, showed that smoking
      increased SCE frequency (P less than .0001). The SCE frequency in the smoking,
      solvent-exposed (estimated as lifetime exposure) painters was 6.75 SCE/cell; in
      the non-smoking, solvent-exposed workers the SCE frequency was 5.73 SCE/cell; the
      controls had SCE levels of 6.84 SCE/cell (smokers) and 5.90 SCE/cell (non
      smokers), respectively. These observations are consistent with other work
      suggesting that chronic solvent exposure in the paint trade is not associated
      with an elevation in SCE in peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, further work
      is necessary to address adequately the question of the genotoxicity of acute
      solvent exposure in these workers.

PMID- 3356185
TI  - Fusion between vesicles from the pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis in a
      cell-free system.
AB  - Fusion between endocytic vesicles containing 125I-transferrin and ones containing
      anti-transferrin antibody was monitored by the formation of an immune complex.
      Fusion required ATP and only occurred between specific populations of vesicles.
      Cytosol was also required. Trypsinisation of the preparations or pre-treatment
      with N-ethylmaleimide abolished the fusion reaction.

PMID- 3356186
TI  - The structure of melittin. A 1H-NMR study in methanol.
AB  - The conformation of the 26-residue polypeptide melittin has been studied using 1H
      NMR spectroscopy in methanolic solution. The 1H-NMR spectrum of melittin has been
      assigned using two-dimensional NMR techniques and the secondary structure has
      been calculated from nuclear Overhauser enhancement data using distance geometry
      and restrained molecular dynamics analyses. The structure is found to be mainly
      helical, and similar to that found in crystals from diffraction data: residues 2
      11 and 13-26 form regular alpha-helices joined by a 'hinge' between residues 11
      12. The structure in this hinge region is shown to be significantly different
      from that in the crystal structure, leading to a smaller angle between the two
      helices. The possible significance of the proline residues in this and similar
      membrane-spanning peptides is discussed.

PMID- 3356187
TI  - Inactivation of flavocytochrome b2 with fluoropyruvate. Reaction at the active
      site histidine.
AB  - Fluoropyruvate inactivated oxidized flavocytochrome b2 (baker's yeast L-lactate
      dehydrogenase) in a biphasic process yielding convex semilog plots of residual
      activity versus time. At each reagent concentration, rate constants k1 and k2 for
      the two phases could be calculated by simulation studies using one of the schemes
      proposed by Ray and Koshland [J. Biol. Chem. (1961) 236, 1973-1979]: E----E1
      (fully active)----E2 (inactive). When plotted as a function of reagent
      concentration, the values of k2, but not those of k1, showed a saturation effect.
      Inactivation was slowed down by D-lactate, a competitive inhibitor, and
      completely prevented by enzyme reduction. While no enzyme chemical modification
      could be demonstrated for the first step, the inactivation event of the second
      step could be ascribed to alkylation of a histidine belonging to proteolytic
      fragment beta of the enzyme. The only histidine present in the fragment sequence
      is His-373. In the enzyme three-dimensional structure [Xia et al. (1987) Proc.
      Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 2629-2633] His-373 is well located, close to the
      cofactor, to play the role of the active-site base required by the chemical
      mechanism. Alternative chemical interpretations of the kinetic scheme are
      discussed, so is the difference between flavocytochrome b2 inactivation by
      fluoropyruvate and bromopyruvate.

PMID- 3356188
TI  - A binding-site-deficient, catalytically active, core protein of endoglucanase III
      from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma reesei.
AB  - From the culture filtrate of Trichoderma reesei we have isolated a novel
      endoglucanase (38 kDa) which was shown to be identical to endoglucanase III (E
      III, 50 kDa), but lacking the first 61 N-terminal amino acids. This core protein,
      designated E III core, is fully active against soluble substrates, such as
      carboxymethylcellulose, whereas both activity against and adsorption to
      microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) is markedly decreased. Sedimentation velocity
      experiments revealed that the intact E III enzyme has much higher asymmetry than
      the E III core protein, suggesting that the N-terminal region split off
      constitutes a protruding part of the native enzyme. These results lead to the
      proposal that native E III consists of two functionally separated domains: a
      catalytically active core and a protruding N-terminal domain which acts in the
      binding to insoluble cellulose. The N-terminal peptide missing in E III core
      corresponds to the heavily glycosylated common structural element found also in
      the N-terminus of cellobiohydrolase II and in the C-termini of cellobiohydrolase
      I and endoglucanase I. A similar bifunctional organization could thus be the rule
      for Trichoderma cellulases, endoglucanases as well as cellobiohydrolases.

PMID- 3356189
TI  - Cysteine-proteinase-inhibiting function of T kininogen and of its proteolytic
      fragments.
AB  - Previous attempts to liberate T kinin from T kininogen [Moreau et al. (1986) Eur.
      J. Biochem. 159, 341-346; Gutman et al. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 577-582]
      have shown that complete fragmentation of the precursor molecule into inhibitory
      peptides was achieved before any vasoactive peptide was released, suggesting a
      possible physiological significance for this phenomenon. In this study, cysteine
      proteinase-inhibiting properties of rat T kininogen and of its proteolytic
      fragments issuing from trypsin and submaxillary gland endopeptidase k hydrolysis,
      have been investigated using rat lysosomal cathepsins B, H and L, papain and
      bovine calpains I and II. All three lysosomal cathepsins were inhibited by T
      kininogen but tighter interactions were observed with cathepsin L and papain.
      Though higher Ki values were obtained for cathepsins B and H, rate constants for
      association were found to have high and almost similar values (in the 10(6) M-1 s
      1 range) whatever the enzyme used. Proteolytic fragments also inhibited cathepsin
      L and papain very strongly and even better than the entire molecule for some of
      them, but no significant inhibition of cathepsins B and H was observed. Bovine
      calpains were not inhibited by T kininogen nor by its proteolytic fragments. From
      the results of this kinetic analysis, which indicates that both the association
      and the dissociation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases with T kininogen may occur
      rapidly, an hypothesis has been put forward on the possible in vivo functioning
      of T kininogen as a proteinase inhibitor.

PMID- 3356190
TI  - The kinetics of glucose-fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis.
AB  - Glucose-fructose oxidoreductase operates by a classic ping-pong mechanism with a
      single site for all substrates: glucose, fructose, gluconolactone and sorbitol.
      The Km values for these substrates were determined. The values of kcat are 200 s
      1 and 0.8 s-1 for the forward and reverse directions respectively. The overall
      catalytic process consists of two half-reactions with alternate reduction of
      NADP+ and oxidation of NADPH tightly bound to the enzyme. Reduction of enzyme
      NADP+ by glucose and oxidation of enzyme-NADPH by gluconolactone involve single
      first-order processes. The values of the rate constants at saturating substrate
      are 2100 s-1 and 8 s-1 respectively; deuterium isotope effects indicate that
      these are for the hydrogen transfer step. Oxidation of enzyme-NADPH by fructose
      is first order with a limiting rate constant of at least 430 s-1. The reaction of
      enzyme-NADP+ with sorbitol is biphasic, with rate constants for both phases less
      than 1 s-1. This behaviour is explained by a mechanism in which the slow
      cyclisation of the acyclic form of fructose follows its dissociation from the
      enzyme. The rate-determining steps for the overall reaction are probably
      dissociation of gluconolactone in the forward direction and hydrogen transfer
      from sorbitol to enzyme-bound NADP+ in the reverse direction.

PMID- 3356191
TI  - Catabolism of Ap4A and Ap3A in whole blood. The dinucleotides are long-lived
      signal molecules in the blood ending up as intracellular ATP in the erythrocytes.
AB  - Adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (Ap4A) and
      adenosine(5')triphospho(5')adenosine (Ap3A) are stored in large amounts in human
      platelets. After activation of the platelets both dinucleotides are released into
      the extracellular milieu where they play a role in the modulation of platelet
      aggregation and also in the regulation of the vasotone. It has recently been
      shown that the dinucleotides are degraded by enzymes present in the plasma
      [Luthje, J. & Ogilvie, A. (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 169, 385-388]. The further
      metabolism as well as the role of blood cells has not been established. The
      dinucleotides were first degraded by plasma phosphodiesterases yielding ATP (ADP)
      plus AMP as products which were then metabolized to adenosine and inosine. The
      nucleosides did not accumulate but were very rapidly salvaged by erythrocytes
      yielding intracellular ATP as the main product. Although lysates of platelets,
      leucocytes and red blood cells contained large amounts of Ap3A-degrading and Ap4A
      degrading activities, these activities were not detectable in suspensions of
      intact cells suggesting the lack of dinucleotide-hydrolyzing ectoenzymes.
      Compared to ATP, which is rapidly degraded by ectoenzymes present on blood cells,
      the half-life of Ap4A was two to three times longer. Since the dinucleotides are
      secreted together with ADP and ATP from the platelets, we tested the influence of
      ATP on the rate of degradation of Ap4A. ATP at concentrations present during
      platelet aggregation strongly inhibited the degradation of Ap4A in whole blood.
      It is suggested that in vivo the dinucleotides are protected from degradation
      immediately after their release. They may thus survive for rather long times and
      may act as signals even at sites far away from the platelet aggregate.

PMID- 3356192
TI  - Human cellular retinol-binding protein gene organization and chromosomal
      location.
AB  - The gene encoding the human cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) has been
      isolated from genomic libraries and its structure determined. Only one copy of
      the gene is present in the human genome. We have located the CRBP gene to segment
      3p11-3qter on human chromosome 3 using hybridizations to mouse-human, rat-human
      and hamster-human cell hybrids. The gene harbors four exons encoding 24, 59, 33,
      and 16 amino acid residues respectively. The second intervening sequence alone
      occupies 19 kb of the 21 kb of the CRBP gene. The nucleotide sequence of the gene
      has been determined with the exception of the second intron. The positions of the
      introns agree with those in the rat CRBPII, the rat liver fatty-acid-binding
      protein and the mouse adipose P2 protein genes encoding molecules belonging to
      the same protein family as CRBP. In contrast to the other sequenced members of
      this family the promoter of the CRBP gene resembles those found in the
      'housekeeping' genes in that it is (G + C)-rich, contains multiple copies of the
      CCGCCC sequence and lacks TATA box. A 9-bp homology containing the core sequence
      of the simian virus 40 enhancer repeat was found in the 5' upstream region. A
      genomic Southern blot probed with CRBP cDNA revealed hybridizing bands in
      restricted chicken and frog DNA.

PMID- 3356193
TI  - The N- and O-linked carbohydrate chains of human, bovine and porcine plasminogen.
      Species specificity in relation to sialylation and fucosylation patterns.
AB  - The structures of the N- and O-glycans of human, bovine and porcine plasminogen
      were determined by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The N-glycans of all three
      species proved to be of the N-acetyllactosamine type differing from one another
      with respect to the sialylation and fucosylation patterns. In the N-glycan of
      human plasminogen the two antennae are sialylated with N-acetylneuraminic acid
      (NeuAc), whereas in the bovine counterpart both branches carry significant
      amounts of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). In porcine plasminogen the sialic
      acid is mainly NeuAc; the Man alpha 1----6 branch, however, is only partially
      sialylated. In addition, the porcine N-glycan is fucosylated to about 80% in
      alpha 1----6 linkage to the GlcNAc-1 residue. The O-glycans of the three species
      possess an identical Gal beta 1----3GalNAc core which is alpha 2----3 sialylated
      with NeuAc at Gal. The disialylated form, which is also present in all three
      species, has an additional NeuAc residue in alpha 2----6 linkage to GalNAc. Mono-
      and disialylated forms occur in different molar ratios in the different
      plasminogens: 80:20 in human, 70:30 in bovine and 50:50 in porcine. This study on
      the carbohydrate moiety of these three plasminogens reveals species specificity
      in terms of various types of microheterogeneities.

PMID- 3356194
TI  - Tissue reaction following endobronchial application of iopamidol and
      ioxithalamate in rats.
AB  - Lung tissue reaction to endobronchial application of iopamidol and ioxithalamate
      were compared by chest radiograph and histological examination in the rat.
      Radiographs cleared within hours in both groups. Tissue reaction after
      ioxithalamate application was significantly more pronounced than with iopamidol
      and included macrophage response, partial atelectasis, and intra-alveolar and
      interstitial oedema. Different from iopamidol, ioxithalamate induced a
      significantly stronger reaction than tracheotomy alone. Because no important
      significant side effects were observed on chest radiographs or in lung histology,
      iopamidol is recommended for the radiological examination of the gastrointestinal
      tract in patients with an increased risk of aspiration.

PMID- 3356196
TI  - Effect of radiologist supervision on technician performance and image quality in
      radiography of middle face trauma.
AB  - Image quality in radiography of middle face trauma was compared within and
      outside office hours on the basis of the visibility of diagnostically important
      structures, and an evaluation of the major patient- and technician-related
      factors influencing image quality. Image quality was statistically significantly
      better within than outside office hours. This was due to the technician-related
      factors of patient positioning, X-ray beam limiting and centering. Since the
      analysis of variance revealed that alcohol intoxication (three times more common
      outside than within office hours) had no statistically significant effect on
      image quality, the difference must have been due to the only remaining variable-
      radiologist supervision, which was present only within office hours.

PMID- 3356195
TI  - Radiation-induced lung injuries: a survey by computed tomography and pulmonary
      function tests in 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Eighteen patients with Hodgkin's disease received chemotherapy and 40 Gy mantle
      field irradiation. Radiation-induced lung injuries were studied 5 times during
      one year for each patient by chest x-ray, CT examination of the thorax and
      pulmonary function tests. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous densities developed
      within the radiations ports. They were more often and more easily detected by CT
      than by chest x-ray (39% vs 11% at the end of the irradiation). CT changes
      suggested that homogeneous lung density increase and lung nodules corresponded to
      the radiation pneumonitis phase, also that linear aspects and/or lung
      condensation aspects corresponded to irradiation-induced lung fibrosis. The
      displacement of the vessels and the fissures were seen more precisely by CT than
      by chest x-ray. There was a highly significant correlation between the number of
      modified areas and the increase in the coefficient of retraction (p less than
      0.001).

PMID- 3356198
TI  - Double-contrast computed tomographic examination techniques in habitual and
      recurrent shoulder dislocation.
AB  - Preoperative planning of recurrent shoulder dislocation requires an accurate
      knowledge of bone and soft tissue lesions affecting the joint. A new method of
      double-contrast CT examination is presented which allows an accurate evaluation
      of the soft tissue structures important for the stability of the joint. Forty-two
      patients were examined with this technique, twenty-seven of whom (28 shoulders)
      were operated on, the procedure being selected on the basis of the CT findings.
      In all cases the preoperative CT findings corresponded to the intraoperative
      findings.

PMID- 3356197
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of marrow heterotopia in haemoglobinopathy.
AB  - The MRI findings of masses of MH in three patients suffering from thalassaemia
      major, sickle-cell anaemia and thalassaemia intermedia, respectively, are
      presented. There was good correlation between the MRI findings and the
      conventional radiology or CT appearance of the masses. The masses produced a low
      intensity signal, similar to that of the adjacent marrow of the thoracic spine,
      while they were surrounded by a high-intensity signal rim attributed to a layer
      of fat surrounding the masses. The latter MRI finding is thought to be
      characteristic of MH masses.

PMID- 3356199
TI  - Anaphylaxis following "Hexabrix" during routine coronary angiography.
AB  - A case is described of an anaphylactic reaction to "Hexabrix 320" radiographic
      contrast medium in a patient undergoing routine coronary angiography. The case is
      reported because such reactions to "Hexabrix" are considered rare, because the
      patient was pretreated with hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine, and because of
      the continuous monitoring that occurred during the procedure.

PMID- 3356200
TI  - A quality study of 35 mm, miniaturization of full-size radiographic film.
AB  - Twenty-one radiologists with 6 months--25 years experience judged the quality and
      the possibilities for the routine use of miniaturized full-size radiographic
      films for long time archiving. Twenty-eight examinations on full-size radiographs
      were photographed on 35 mm. film. After mounting in transparent jackets, the
      miniaturized films were read with enlarging equipment and diagnoses and quality
      noted. Comparison was later made with the originals. The consensus was that the
      quality of the miniaturized film was good enough to permit their use for long
      term archiving purposes and subsequent comparison with future full-size
      radiographs. The use of reading equipment was not considered tedious.

PMID- 3356201
TI  - Treatment of brain metastases of lung cancer with high doses of etoposide (VP16
      213). Cooperative study from the Groupe Franais Pneumo-Cancerologie.
AB  - To study the efficacy of etoposide in brain metastases of lung carcinoma,
      etoposide was given during 3 consecutive days. The total dose of 1500 mg/m2 was
      divided into six 1 h perfusions delivered over 3 days to 19 patients having
      squamous (7), large cell (3), small cell (5) or adenocarcinoma (4). Response to
      chemotherapy was assessed by means of computerized tomography (CT) before and 15
      30 days after the last course of chemotherapy (course interval = 28 days, maximum
      of four courses). Severe myelotoxicity was observed in nine patients with seven
      patient deaths resulting from infection. Efficacy could be evaluated in 13
      patients. Failure was observed in seven cases. An objective response was observed
      in six patients (4/14 NSCLC and 2/5 SCLC), two patients having a complete
      regression. Average survival time was 10 weeks.

PMID- 3356202
TI  - The effectiveness of intravenously administered immune lymphoid cells against
      intraperitoneally growing tumor correlates with their homing in the recipients'
      lymphoid organs.
AB  - Intraperitoneally growing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) was eradicated by both i.p.
      and i.v. injection of serum, and by i.p. injection of spleen cells from mice
      immune to EAT. However, the i.v. injected immune spleen cells were completely
      ineffective unless the recipients had been pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The
      analysis of immune response in mice cured by the combination of cyclophosphamide
      and cell transfer revealed that they developed a humoral-type immunity to EAT and
      that the transferred spleen cells did not penetrate into their abdominal cavity.
      The effect of cyclophosphamide correlated with the extent of seeding of the donor
      type cells in the recipients' lymphoid organs. Inasmuch as homing in
      cyclophosphamide-pretreated mice surpassed that in normal mice three to four
      times, it appeared that the beneficial effect of cyclophosphamide was primarily
      founded on its enhancement of seeding of the transferred lymphoid cells, implying
      that homing of these cells is a prerequisite for their anti-tumor activity.

PMID- 3356203
TI  - Clinical improvement in advanced cancer disease after treatment combining
      histamine and H2-antihistaminics (ranitidine or cimetidine).
AB  - In a randomized study 31 patients with advanced cancer disease in whom classical
      anticancer therapy had been abandoned received a daily combination of
      subcutaneous histamine and oral H2-antihistaminics. In 27 patients, treatment
      induced a marked clinical improvement as shown by a large rise in performance
      status (Karnofsky scale). Ten patients were still alive 3-14 months after
      initiation of treatment. Average survival in the 31 treated patients (172 +/- 113
      days) was significantly longer than in 34 non-treated patients with similar
      advanced cancer (26 +/- 16 days, P less than 0.00001). In six treated patients,
      the size of liver and lung metastases decreased. Histamine was perfectly
      tolerated up to 4 mg/day.

PMID- 3356204
TI  - Ambiguous effect of chlorpromazine on doxorubicin activity against P388D1 tumours
      in mice.
AB  - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) can decrease the toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX). We wanted to
      determine whether this CPZ pretreatment could affect the response of tumours to
      therapeutic doses of DOX. Six groups of eight female CDF1 mice received 1 million
      leukaemia P388D1 cells i.p. For 5 days, they received DOX i.p. (total dose 0, 6
      or 12 mg/kg), preceded by saline or 5 mg/kg CPZ s.c. CPZ in the absence of DOX
      had no effect on survival [median survival time (MST) of 19 days vs. 20]. In mice
      receiving DOX only, MST was greater than 60 days. Mice receiving DOX + CPZ were
      similar to DOX till day 25, but subsequently died earlier (MST of 27 and 34 days,
      for DOX 6 and 12 mg/kg). At death or day 60, 31% (5/16) of DOX mice and 88%
      (14/16) of DOX + CPZ had macroscopic tumours (P less than 0.005, both DOX dose
      groups combined). However, only 19% (3/16) of DOX and 6% (1/16) of DOX + CPZ had
      tumours in the abdominal cavity, the others being in the abdominal wall close to
      the site of injection. The results suggests that while CPZ did not affect the
      killing of cancer cells in the abdominal cavity, it did block the effect of DOX
      on cells in the abdominal wall and skin. This block may be caused by decreased
      local delivery of DOX, due to the hypothermia produced by CPZ.

PMID- 3356205
TI  - The joint effect of risk factors on endometrial cancer.
AB  - The joint effect of risk factors on endometrial cancer was examined by applying
      general statistical models to the data of a hospital-based case-control study
      conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark. The analysis included 149 cases of
      histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and 154 age-matched
      controls with cervical cancer. Information on risk factors derived from the
      medical records. Estrogen use and body mass were found to be the main predictors
      of endometrial cancer risk. In the model proposed, women who ever used non
      contraceptive estrogens had a 10-fold increased risk irrespective of their weight
      and height. Among non-users of estrogen, the risk of endometrial cancer rose with
      increasing body mass, the largest showing a five-fold increased risk. These data
      provide further evidence of the significant role that excess estrogens play,
      whether exogenous from replacement therapy or endogenous from enhanced androgen
      conversion, in the etiology of endometrial cancer.

PMID- 3356207
TI  - A phase I evaluation of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid.
AB  - The quianazoline antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (ICI 155,387), an
      inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase (TS), was evaluated for clinical toxicity in
      a phase I trial. The compound was given once every week as a bolus injection.
      Fourteen patients with advanced cancer were treated at doses of 10-30 mg/m3. Four
      patients from the lowest to the highest dose developed severe renal toxicity,
      detected by a reversible decrease in the Cr-EDTA clearance. Hepatotoxicity was
      observed with transient elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 10
      patients and alkaline phosphatase in nine patients. Neither the incidence nor the
      severity of these toxicities was dose related. Two patients developed feelings of
      fatigue, which in one patient coincided with a decrease in Cr-EDTA clearance. No
      myelotoxicity, dermatological, gastrointestinal toxicity or mucositis was seen.
      No tumour responses due to ICI 155,387 occurred. The severity and the erratic
      nature of the renal side-effects suggest that this schedule cannot be recommended
      for further development of this compound in Phase II trials.

PMID- 3356206
TI  - Treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN).
AB  - Twenty-three patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL), six of whom were
      previously splenectomized, were treated with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) 3 MU
      per day for 3-6 months and then with 3 MU three times per week for at least 3
      further months. Seven patients (two splenectomized) showed a complete response
      (CR), 11 patients achieved a partial response (PR) and the remaining five
      experienced only a minor response (MR). All seven patients who achieved a CR are
      still in CR after 10-21 months from the onset of the disease. Among the 11 PRs,
      five showed an increase in the number of circulating hairy cells during the
      follow-up; they were re-started on alpha-IFN and an improvement of the
      haematological values was again obtained. One patient who achieved only a MR died
      after 1 month therapy because of severe infection. Following treatment with alpha
      IFN, the improvement or normalization of the peripheral blood counts was
      paralleled by an improvement of the immunologic surface markers, as determined by
      monoclonal antibodies, and by an improvement of the response to PHA and of the
      natural killer activity. These findings, coupled to the mild drug-related
      toxicity observed, confirm that treatment with alpha-IFN represents a safe and
      effective therapeutic approach for both splenectomized and non-splenectomized HCL
      patients.

PMID- 3356208
TI  - Relationship between the structure of analogues of amsacrine and their degree of
      cross-resistance to adriamycin-resistant P388 leukaemia cells.
AB  - A series of derivatives of 9-anilinoacridine related to the anti-leukaemia agent
      amsacrine have been tested in continuous exposure growth inhibition assays to
      determine the degree of cross-resistance in the Adriamycin-resistant P/ADR murine
      leukaemia line. Measured IC50 values for the two cell lines were only poorly
      correlated (r = 0.51), and cross-resistance as measured by the ratio of IC50
      values varied from 2-fold and 272-fold. A high degree of resistance was found to
      be associated with the presence of amino or substituted amino groups on the
      acridine ring system. Logarithmic IC50 values were determined for other cell
      lines (L1210 leukaemia, Lewis lung carcinoma and HCT-8 human colon carcinoma) and
      were compared with those for the P388 lines to determine the degree of linear
      correlation. HCT-8 values were strongly correlated with P/ADR values (r = 0.84)
      while L1210 values correlated strongly with those of the sensitive P388 line (r =
      0.98). Values for Lewis lung cells showed an intermediate pattern and correlated
      with a linear combination of values for both P388 lines (r = 0.88). Examination
      of available IC50 values for a number of rodent and human cell lines indicates
      that their sensitivity patterns are either P388-like or else intermediate between
      P388 and P/ADR. The series of amsacrine derivatives may be useful in
      characterizing the nature and degree of multidrug-resistance in cultured cell
      lines.

PMID- 3356209
TI  - Effects of CI-921, an analogue of amsacrine, on advanced Lewis lung tumours in
      mice: relevance to clinical trials.
AB  - The 4-methyl-5-N-methylcarboxamide derivative of amsacrine (CI-921; NSC 343 499),
      which is now undergoing clinical trial, has been used to treat advanced Lewis
      lung tumours in mice. The response of the tumours was monitored by physical
      measurement, histological examination and flow cytometric analysis. The latter
      technique demonstrated that a single dose of CI-921 induced an efficient blockade
      of the tumour cell cycle in G2 phase. Histological assessment of lung nodules
      indicated a progressive increase in the cross-sectional area of both tumour cells
      and lung nodules after drug treatment. Under conditions providing a growth delay
      equivalent to a 6 log10 cell kill, and demonstrable histological destruction of
      tumour cells, the sizes of subcutaneous tumours did not decrease below the pre
      treatment volumes, suggesting, at least for subcutaneous tumours, that changes in
      tumour size do not provide a good criterion for appraisal of drug effects.
      Schedule dependence studies on advanced lung tumours were carried out in an
      effort to provide information of specific relevance to clinical trials. A
      significant correlation of total dose with response was found, suggesting that
      clinical schedules allowing the total administered dose to be maximal should be
      used.

PMID- 3356210
TI  - Onco-developmental protein concentrations in the sera of patients with ovarian
      cancer prior to treatment.
AB  - Eight onco-developmental proteins have been measured in the serum of women prior
      to their operation and treatment for ovarian cancer. Alpha-foetoprotein, CEA, hCG
      and PAPP-A were not often elevated whereas CPAP, SP1, CanAg 50 and CA 125 were.
      Many of our findings differed from those of previous workers, possibly due to
      differences in clinical material and analytical technique. We conclude that large
      profiles of tumour markers are no longer of use in the investigation of ovarian
      cancer. At the present time we think that CA 125 could prove the most useful
      marker in the investigation of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3356211
TI  - Breast gross cystic disease protein 15 in human breast cancer in culture.
AB  - Media from explants of 120 human breast cancers cultured for 24 h were analysed
      for breast gross cystic disease protein 15 (GCDFP-15). The protein was detected
      in media from 94 tumours (73%) in concentrations varying from 1.5 to 2100 ng/ml.
      Levels were not related to menopausal status of the patient, disease stage,
      tumour oestrogen receptors or the derivation of tumour material. However,
      concentrations were significantly related to the degree of apocrine
      differentiation of the tumour and, in a subset of the cancers, capacity to
      release GCDFP-15 was positively correlated with incidence of progestogen and
      androgen receptors. There was also a negative quantitative correlation between
      production of GCDFP-15 and glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit (but no
      relationship with CEA). In 10 tumours culture was continued for 48 h. Values for
      GCDFP-15 were always considerably lower in the 24-48 h media compared with those
      from 0-24 h and cytosols from post-culture explants contained no detectable GCDFP
      15. In contrast, CEA levels were often comparable in 0-24 and 24-48 h media and
      explants after culture frequently contained substantial amounts of CEA. The high
      proportion of breast carcinomas producing GCDF-15 in relatively large amounts and
      its rapid release make it an interesting marker by which the in vitro activity of
      human breast cancers may be monitored.

PMID- 3356213
TI  - Changes in breast cancer mortality in Italy.

PMID- 3356212
TI  - Improving prognosis of Hodgkin's disease in Scotland.
AB  - Time trends in mortality from Hodgkin's disease have been studied in Great
      Britain for the 70-year period, 1911-1980, and incidence in Scotland since 1959.
      In both Scotland and England and Wales, in each sex, mortality from Hodgkin's
      disease rose steadily from 1911 until 1970 and thereafter dropped substantially;
      the greatest fall was apparent in Scottish males. While mortality rates continue
      to decline in Scotland the incidence has remained fairly constant over the last
      25 years suggesting a major change in prognosis for this disease. The
      introduction of effective chemotherapy and improved techniques of radiotherapy
      appear to have improved prognosis sufficiently, and to have been made adequately
      widely available, as to influence overall mortality rates at a national level as
      well as at the level of the clinical trial. No such improvement in prognosis,
      however, explains the declines observed in mortality rates among children of each
      sex in both areas which have taken place since the 1930s. In view of the current
      knowledge of the aetiology of Hodgkin's disease this fall may have been brought
      about by changes in socioeconomic factors.

PMID- 3356215
TI  - International Symposium on Controversies in the Management of Differentiated
      Thyroid Cancer. 19, 20 March 1987, Leiden, The Netherlands. Proceedings.

PMID- 3356214
TI  - LDH in the follow-up of stage I malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3356216
TI  - Multivariate analysis of survival in differentiated thyroid cancer: the
      prognostic significance of the age factor.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of tumour and patient characteristics was performed in
      202 patients with papillary (n = 132) or follicular (n = 70) thyroid carcinoma,
      in order to identify prognostic factors related to survival. The following facts
      were found to be unfavourably related to survival: follicular histology,
      extrathyroidal growth of the primary tumour (stage pT4), regional lymph node
      involvement (stages pN1-3), presence of distant metastases at diagnosis (stage
      pM1), male sex (in papillary cancer) and old age (only death due to thyroid
      tumour was evaluated). For 190 patients sufficient material was available to
      permit extensive histopathological investigation. In patients with papillary
      cancer the presence of small anaplastic foci and/or greater than 25% solid
      structures (n = 18) was correlated with a reduced survival rate. Our study
      underlines the importance of distinguishing, histologically, between papillary
      and follicular cancer and in addition demonstrates the prognostic value of
      histological grade in papillary (but not follicular) carcinoma. We applied Cox's
      proportional hazard model to the survival data of these 190 patients and, after
      stage grouping, found that tumour stage (locoregional vs. advanced disease) was
      the most important prognostic factor. The second most important factor was the
      histological (sub)type (well differentiated papillary carcinoma vs. moderately
      differentiated papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma). Age at diagnosis
      and sex appeared to be of lesser importance. Therefore our study does not
      recommend the use of age as a guide for therapeutical decisions in differentiated
      thyroid cancer.

PMID- 3356217
TI  - Follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Experience at
      Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif.
AB  - The recent introduction of sTSH assays allows for a definite control of the
      inhibition of TSH secretion. Clinical examination and serum thyroid hormone
      measurements are necessary to obviate hyperthyroidism. Relapses may occur after
      decades of apparent complete remission. Follow-up should be pursued throughout
      the patient's lifetime. Two specific means allow the detection of relapses at a
      stage when X-rays are still normal: measurement of serum thyroglobulin and 131I
      total body scan. Their combined use is recommended.

PMID- 3356218
TI  - Specific antigen/antibody complexes induce the in vivo production of a parallel
      set of nonantigen-binding idiotype-positive antibodies.
AB  - Immune complexes prepared with the polysaccharide antigen (PnC) extracted from
      Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a and two different PnC-specific antibodies were
      found to differ in their regulatory properties depending on the isotype of the
      antibody. Thus, complexes formed in antibody excess with TEPC15 (IgA) were
      suppressive whereas complexes formed with 96-G (IgG3) antibodies enhanced the IgM
      response to PnC. During the course of these studies, we found that little or no
      PnC-specific IgG antibody was induced during the response to PnC coupled to sheep
      red blood cells (PnC-SRBC). Interestingly, however, immunization with 96-G/PnC
      complexes either alone or with PnC-SRBC resulted in the induction of IgG3
      antibodies that express the T15 idiotype (Id) but which do not bind PnC. This
      unique IgG3 response occurred after injection of 96-G/PnC complexes formed in
      antibody excess but not when complexes were formed in antigen excess. The Id+
      nonspecific IgG3 response peaked on day 5 and could be activated with 96-G/PnC
      complexes but not with free PnC antigen. The Id+ nonspecific response was not due
      to polyclonal activation of IgG3 production since there was no difference in IgG3
      levels in mice injected with 96-G/PnC complexes with those injected with PnC
      SRBC. Finally, mice that had been suppressed for expression of the T15 Id by
      neonatal injection of anti-Id antibody were able to produce Id+-unspecific IgG3
      antibody after immunization with 96-G/PnC complexes, further suggesting that Id+
      IgG3 was produced by different clones than those that usually comprise the
      antibody response to PnC. The results suggest that the formation of IgG immune
      complexes during an immune response may result in stimulation of idiotypically
      related clones thus resulting in degeneracy of the immune response.

PMID- 3356219
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the measurement of specific antibodies in
      experimentally induced ovine toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were inoculated intravenously
      into sheep following which serum samples were collected at approximately weekly
      intervals for 9 months. The sera were examined by the toxoplasma dye test and two
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) specifically developed for
      investigations of ovine toxoplasmosis. One was an antibody class capture assay
      for the detection of anti-toxoplasma specific IgM, the other an indirect assay
      which detected anti-toxoplasma IgG. Some of the sheep had antibodies to
      toxoplasma prior to inoculation but none had specific IgM. Sera collected 17 days
      after inoculation showed that all had raised specific antibody levels but the
      only sheep that produced specific antitoxoplasma IgM were those that were
      initially without any antibody. Specific IgM could be detected in all these
      particular sheep for at least 1 month after infection and up to 3 months in some.
      Specific IgG persisted at high levels for at least 3 months and could still be
      detected at moderate levels for at least 9 months. The ELISA methods described
      are simple to perform and could clearly distinguish between previous infection
      and this experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii.

PMID- 3356220
TI  - A study of the epidemiology of Salmonella bareilly in India using a new phage
      typing system.
AB  - A total of 637 strains of Salmonella bareilly received from different parts of
      India between 1959 and 1985 were phage typed using five locally isolated wild
      phages. The overall typability was 94.5% and 11 different phage types could be
      defined. Phage types 10 and 1 were the most prevalent and the geographical and
      source distribution is described.

PMID- 3356221
TI  - High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to
      environmental conditions.
AB  - Campylobacter was the bacterial pathogen most prevalent in 859 children, aged 6
      59 months, examined in a house-to-house diarrhoea survey in two Liberian
      communities. 44.9% of the children from an urban slum and 28.4% from a rural area
      were excretors. Since the prevalence of diarrhoea was very high and consequently
      many convalescent carriers were found, it was not possible to evaluate the
      pathogenic role of campylobacter. The excretor rate increased with age and was
      significantly correlated to the use of supplementary feeding, inversely
      correlated to the quality of the water supply, and also associated with
      helminthic infestation. Results from re-examination of 172 children suggested a
      high intensity of transmission. The findings all indicate the existence of a
      heavy environmental contamination with campylobacter, probably of both human and
      animal faecal origin.

PMID- 3356222
TI  - The bacteriological prevalence of leptospiral infection in cattle and buffaloes
      in West Malaysia.
AB  - A cross-sectional bacteriological survey of cattle in West Malaysia revealed
      14.4% (32/222) had leptospiral infection. Isolates were obtained from all except
      one herd with prevalence of infection in herds ranging from 0-44.8%. A small
      number of buffalo urine samples were examined and all of them were found to be
      negative. A leptospiral isolate obtained from a bovine kidney proved to be a new
      serovar of Leptospira interrogans and the name unipertama was assigned to it. Six
      other leptospiral serovars were isolated, namely canicola, australis, javanica,
      ballum, pomona and hardjo. All six serovars were isolated for the first time in
      cattle in Malaysia. Cattle in Malaysia appear to be the maintenance host for
      serovar hardjo. The presence of the other serovars in cattle was probably due to
      contact with the maintenance hosts, pigs for serovar pomona and rodents for the
      other three serovars. It appears that the epidemiology of leptospiral infection
      in cattle in Malaysia is similar to that reported overseas.

PMID- 3356223
TI  - Salmonella infection in chicks following the consumption of artificially
      contaminated feed.
AB  - Poultry feed was contaminated artificially with either Salmonella kedougou or S.
      livingstone using a two-stage mixing process. Intestinal infection became
      established in a small proportion of birds when feed containing between 0.1 and
      0.3 salmonellas/g was given continuously for 2 or 3 weeks from the day of their
      purchase as 'day-olds' while nearly all birds became infected when the feed
      contained 100-300 salmonellas/g. Between these limits a dose response was
      demonstrated in that the proportion of birds becoming colonized with salmonellas
      increased as the numbers of salmonellas added to feed was increased. Nalidixic
      acid-resistant strains of both serotypes were used to facilitate the recovery of
      organisms. The isolation rate was higher from dilutions of caecal contents
      inoculated directly onto brilliant green agar supplemented with nalidixic acid
      than it was from swabs of cloacal faeces, even when an enrichment technique was
      used. This observation confirms that the incidence of salmonella carriage in
      flocks will be under-estimated if only cloacal faeces are cultured. Of the two
      serotypes used S. kedougou proved the more efficient colonizer although for both
      serotypes variation in infection rates was demonstrated in different groups of
      birds given feed containing comparable numbers of salmonellas.

PMID- 3356224
TI  - Epidemic cholera in Mali: high mortality and multiple routes of transmission in a
      famine area.
AB  - During the 1984 cholera epidemic in Mali, 1793 cases and 406 deaths were
      reported, a death-to-case ratio of 23%. In four affected villages, the mean
      clinical attack rate was 1.5 and 29% of affected persons died. In 66% of cases
      the illness began more than 48 h after the village outbreak began, when supplies
      from outside the village were potentially available. Deaths occurred because
      patients failed to seek care or received only limited rehydration therapy when
      they did. Case-control studies identified two routes of transmission: drinking
      water from one well in a village outside the drought area, and eating left-over
      millet gruel in a drought-affected village. Drought-related scarcity of curdled
      milk may permit millet gruel to be a vehicle for cholera. Cholera mortality in
      the Sahel could be greatly reduced by rapid intervention in affected villages,
      wide distribution of effective rehydration materials, and educating the
      population to seek treatment quickly.

PMID- 3356225
TI  - Serological examination of IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to egg protein during
      influenza virus immunization.
AB  - The concentrations of serum IgE (PRIST) and IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies to
      egg protein were determined in paired sera taken from students who had received
      influenza virus vaccine. Although persons who gave a history of allergy to egg or
      to chicken feathers were excluded, 10-16% of vaccinees possessed higher titres of
      serum IgE and IgE-specific antibody (RAST) to egg white (F1) allergen before
      vaccination. The titres of IgG-specific antibody to egg protein (ovalbumin and
      ovomucoid antigens) were negligible, and did not show any significant response
      after vaccination. In contrast, IgE-specific antibody to F1 allergen rose
      significantly in a considerable number of the vaccines. The results obtained
      indicate possible contamination of vaccine products with allergens of egg origin
      and a potential risk of allergic manifestation after influenza vaccination.

PMID- 3356226
TI  - Location on the evolutionary tree of influenza H3 haemagglutinin genes of
      Japanese strains isolated during 1985-6 season.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of the haemagglutinin (HA) genes of influenza A (H3N2)
      isolates from the 1985-6 season in Japan along with those of several viruses
      isolated between 1982-5 from other countries were analyzed to determine the
      origin of the 1985-6 Japanese strains. The HA genes of these viruses consisted of
      1762 nucleotides and had a three-nucleotide deletion downstream from the stop
      codon when compared to the sequences of earlier Hong Kong H3N2 viruses. An
      evolutionary tree of the HA genes of these viruses was drawn using the
      A/Bangkok/1/79 sequence as the starting point. Eight strains isolated from Asian
      and Pacific regions including Japan in the 1985-6 season (one in May) had the HA
      genes located closely on the evolutionary tree but away from those of the
      isolates in North America and Europe during the 1984-5 season, and a common
      ancestry for these viruses was suggested.

PMID- 3356229
TI  - Agglutination test versus ELISA in the diagnosis of typhoid fever.

PMID- 3356228
TI  - A Kluyvera cryocrescens strain from a gall-bladder infection.
AB  - The isolation and the identification of a pure-culture Kluyvera cryocrescens
      strain in a gall-bladder pus specimen from a 76-year-old woman with acute
      cholecystitis is described. This is the first reported recovery of a K.
      cryocrescens strain from such a sample.

PMID- 3356227
TI  - Respiratory function in flour-mill workers.
AB  - The frequency of bronchial symptoms and the alteration of respiratory function
      parameters were studied in a group of 63 workers of an industrial flour-mill, and
      in a control group matched according to age, social class, and tobacco intake. In
      the exposed group the answers to a questionnaire indicated a greater incidence of
      cough (p less than 0.01) and chronic expectoration (p less than 0.01) as well as
      clinical airway hyperreactivity (p less than 0.01). No differences were noted for
      either asthma or allergy. The respiratory function parameters did not differ
      between the two groups studied. These results suggest that workers exposed to the
      vegetable dust found in fluor-mills are subject to develop chronic bronchial
      irritation.

PMID- 3356230
TI  - Legionellosis in infants.

PMID- 3356231
TI  - Risk of HIV-related diseases in heterosexuals importing infection from Zaire.

PMID- 3356232
TI  - Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak.
AB  - In an unusual nosocomial outbreak, 13 staff and 11 patients in an acute and
      chronic health care facility were infected with the zoophilic dermatophyte,
      Microsporum canis. The dermatophyte was apparently introduced into the facility
      by a single infected patient. Likely modes of subsequent disease transmission
      include person-to-person contact, handling of contaminated laundry, and use of a
      shared razor. Infection control measures for managing such outbreaks are
      discussed.

PMID- 3356233
TI  - Human cutaneous leishmaniasis in two communities in eastern Sinai, Egypt.
AB  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) (L. major) has been documented in soldiers of the
      Multinational Force in the Sinai as well as in visitors to the area. However,
      little is known about the prevalence of this disease in the local populations. We
      identified 2 villages in northeastern Sinai near the infected camps of the
      Multinational Force and, in a population-based study, measured the prevalence of
      CL. Populations studied included residents in 2 towns as well as a Bedouin family
      living on the village periphery. Leishmanial parasites were identified from
      smears taken from cutaneous lesions. Three of 90 residents in 1 village and 3 of
      8 Bedouins had CL. None of 43 residents examined in the second town had CL. Two
      of 6 individuals had multiple lesions, and at least 1 had recurring ulcers. Five
      of the 6 affected individuals were males and the 6 represented all age groups.
      The 6 infected individuals came from 3 families. Infected individuals had
      traveled outside of the village more frequently than uninfected individuals,
      suggesting that transmission was more common outside of residential areas.

PMID- 3356234
TI  - Recent trends in human leptospirosis in Italy.
AB  - The recent epidemiological trends of human leptospirosis in Italy were
      investigated using data collected for the years 1981-1985. A total of 626
      hospitalized patients with clinical diagnoses of suspected leptospirosis were
      reported by hospital centers from several Italian regions. Epidemiological,
      clinical and seroimmunological data were collected in 517 of these cases and
      examined by the National Center for Leptospirosis. Serological findings in 33.5%
      of these subjects met the criteria for confirmation of the disease. In 21.8% of
      the subjects, low titer antibodies were detected, which possibly reflected
      previous leptospiral infections. An early antibiotic treatment of the current
      infection may also have lowered the seroimmunological response in some of these
      patients. In 59.3% of the confirmed cases, modes of transmission were allotted
      equally between accidental events and recreational or occupational activities.
      Drinking water from an open air fountain emerged as an uncommon mode of
      transmission; it was responsible for an outbreak of 33 cases of leptospirosis. In
      another 37.07% of the subjects, it was impossible to establish the mode of
      transmission. Respiratory or influenza-like symptoms were the only clinical signs
      of illness in 21.2% of the patients with confirmed leptospirosis. In comparison
      to the sixties and seventies, the prevalence of infecting serovars showed
      increasing incidence of infections due to serovars of the Javanica (11.0%) and
      Australis (11.0%) serogroups and an important decrease in the Bataviae serogroup
      infections (from 58.8% in rice-field workers in the forties to 0.6% in the years
      1981-1985). Sejroe serogroup infections accounted for 4.5 per cent of confirmed
      cases of leptospirosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356235
TI  - The 25 year estimated probability of death from some specific causes as a
      function of twelve risk factors in middle aged men.
AB  - Twelve risk factors previously identified as predictors of all causes of death in
      a 25-year follow-up of a sample of 1530 men aged 40-59 at entry, have been tested
      as predictors of specific causes of death. They were age (AGE), mean blood
      pressure (MBP), cigarette smoking (CIG), forced expiratory volume (FEV), arm
      circumference (ARM), father-life status (FHAS), mother-life status (MHOS),
      shoulder-pelvis ratio (SPR), vital capacity (VC), arcus senilis (ARCS), serum
      cholesterol (CHOL) and xantelasma (XANT). Using the proportional hazards model
      and considering coronary heart diseases, strokes, cancers, violent deaths, and
      other causes as end-points, AGE and MBP were significant predictors for all
      conditions, including violent deaths. CIG predicted coronary heart disease,
      stroke and cancer; FEV, VC, and ARM were protective for all end-points but
      significant only for a few of them. FHAS and MHOS were positively associated with
      all end-points but significant only for a few of them. ARCS and XANT were
      predictive for only a few conditions and, surprisingly, XANT was a significant
      risk factor for cancer. Finally CHOL was specifically predictive only for
      coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3356236
TI  - Risk factors for A.I.D.S. among homosexual men in France.
AB  - To identify risk factors for A.I.D.S. among homosexual men in France, a high-risk
      group in a moderate-incidence area, we undertook a case-control study in Paris
      and its suburbs. Fifty-three cases were compared to 99 controls from a venereal
      disease clinic and 79 controls from the staff of an amateur gay broadcasting
      station. In our univariate analysis, cases were more likely than controls to
      belong to upper socio-economical classes, to have used local corticosteroids, to
      have regularly inhaled nitrites, to report history of syphilis and of herpes
      infections, to have higher level of promiscuity with occasional partners ("one
      night stands"), and to have had sexual encounters in the U.S.A. In the
      multivariate analysis, history of syphilis and promiscuity with occasional
      partners appeared to be the main risk factors, as well as the use of local
      corticosteroids, especially during the prodrome period. The correlation between
      promiscuity and disease risk was weak in our study when we did not discriminate
      between occasional and regular sex partners, contrary to that found in
      epidemiological studies of A.I.D.S. and H.I.V.-seropositivity in high-incidence
      areas. In association with the history of syphilis, the development of the
      syndrome in our moderate-incidence country is more correlated to the contact with
      "one-night-stand" partners rather than to the total number of the sex partners.
      The public health policies in our area should be adapted to these findings.
      Otherwise they may be less efficient than hoped.

PMID- 3356237
TI  - Esophageal cancer mortality: relationship with alcohol intake and cigarette
      smoking in Italy.
AB  - This paper examines changes with time in age-adjusted mortality from esophageal
      cancer for the years 1950-1981, in relation to changes in smoking habits and
      alcohol consumption. In both sexes the age-adjusted death rates have shown no
      marked time variation. Instead in the same period there have been marked temporal
      variations in consumption of alcohol and tobacco which are considered risk
      factors associated with esophageal cancer. The male cohort variation seems to
      indicate some fluctuations in mortality before 1921 and a progressive increase
      after this year. In females the death rates are very low and the cohort variation
      is practically constant. The progressive increase of cohort variation in
      esophageal cancer mortality for men born after 1921 coincides with a progressive
      increase in hard alcohol consumption. In the same period there has also been a
      progressive increase in tobacco consumption but this begun at the turn of this
      century.

PMID- 3356238
TI  - Experimental basis of standardized specimen collection: effect of posture on
      blood picture.
AB  - 22 subjectively healthy females were supine, sat in an armchair and stood while
      specimens of peripheral venous blood were collected after at least 15 min in each
      position without using a tourniquet. The albumin, haemoglobin, erythrocyte
      concentration and the haematocrit increased significantly when the subjects
      assumed a more erect position, probably as a result of increased hydrostatic
      pressure. The leucocyte count did not rise, and there was a statistically
      significant drop in the lymphocyte concentration when changing from supine to
      sitting. However, the leucocyte concentration rose significantly from supine to
      sitting or standing. When interpreting laboratory data, the difference in the
      behaviour of different cell species should be kept in mind. However, on the whole
      this study supports the stipulation contained in international recommendations
      that the posture of the subject should be standardized before collection of
      peripheral blood for haematological tests.

PMID- 3356239
TI  - Comparison of acidified glycerol lysis test, Pink test and osmotic fragility test
      in hereditary spherocytosis: effect of incubation.
AB  - In this study we compared the results of the acidified glycerol lysis test, the
      Pink test and the osmotic fragility test in 38 patients with hereditary
      spherocytosis and in healthy controls. The sensitivity of the acidified glycerol
      lysis test was 81.6% when performed within 3 h after blood collection. After
      incubating for 24 h, the sensitivity increased to 100% whereas the specificity
      remained maximal. Similar incubation did not improve the diagnostic utility of
      the Pink test. All patients, but none of the controls, showed a positive osmotic
      fragility test. It is concluded, because of sensitivity and specificity in this
      study, that the acidified glycerol lysis test after incubation and the osmotic
      fragility test are superior to the Pink test in detecting spherocytosis.

PMID- 3356240
TI  - VBAMDex chemotherapy in advanced multiple myeloma.
AB  - In a phase II study 28 patients with advanced multiple myeloma were treated with
      a five drug regimen consisting of vincristine, BCNU, adriamycin, melphalan and
      dexamethasone. 11 out of 13 patients without prior chemotherapy showed
      significant remissions (greater than 25% tumor cells mass reduction), 7 of them
      had more than 75% TCM reduction. Out of 15 additional patients resistant to
      previous chemotherapy, 13 had significant remissions, including 9 patients with
      greater than 75% TCM reduction. No tumor progression was observed in either group
      of patients. The median follow-up of all patients was 12.75 months. 4 patients
      relapsed. Toxicity mainly related to the bone marrow was observed in 14 patients.
      This regimen might offer a promising alternative for the treatment of advanced
      multiple myeloma, but still has to be tested in a prospective randomized trial.

PMID- 3356241
TI  - Erythroid colony formation by human CFU-E is stimulated by compatible human serum
      but impaired by blood group antibodies.
AB  - Normal human serum was shown to stimulate the proliferation of human CFU-E when
      added into in vitro cultures of bone marrow cells. However, this was observed
      only when donors of serum and bone marrow cells were compatible on the basis of
      their blood groups. Absorption of incompatible sera removed the inhibition.
      Monoclonal anti-blood group antibodies exhibited the same pattern of CFU-E
      inhibition. The inhibition was complement-independent. Using suspension bone
      marrow cultures, it was shown that this blockage took place at an earlier
      differentiation step than the CFU-E level. This effect should be taken into
      account in studies of the inhibiting activities present in human anaemic sera.

PMID- 3356242
TI  - In vitro platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium: studies in patients with
      polycythaemia vera.
AB  - In this work we studied platelet adhesion to subendothelial surfaces in 10
      patients with polycythaemia vera and 10 healthy volunteers at 40% Hct
      (corresponding to the mean value of our control group) and 55% Hct (a value
      roughly corresponding to the mean Hct in polycythaemic patients). Platelet
      concentration was kept constant at 2.0-2.5 X 10(11)/l. The results indicate that
      there was a statistically significant increase in adhesion both in controls and
      in patients with Hct varying from 40% to 55%. The contribution of the higher Hct
      in promoting platelet adhesion was comparable in the two groups. When red blood
      cells (RBC) from the patients were tested with platelets from healthy volunteers
      in cross-over experiments, they promoted adhesion in the same way as control RBC.
      Similarly, when patients' platelets were mixed with control RBC, adhesion was the
      same as control platelets. These data indicate that platelet and RBC contribution
      to this parameter are not significantly modified in this group of polycythaemic
      patients, provided that platelet and RBC values are adjusted to control range.

PMID- 3356244
TI  - High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of idiopathic
      myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3356243
TI  - Platelet function in myeloproliferative disorders: characterization and
      sequential studies show multiple platelet abnormalities, and change with time.
AB  - Bleeding and thrombosis are well known major causes of morbidity and mortality in
      patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) but the relationship between
      these clinical events and the commonly found platelet function abnormalities have
      not been established. In this study we performed simultaneous laboratory
      evaluations in 54 patients with MPD to investigate abnormalities in platelet
      aggregation and cyclooxygenase activity, the latter by using an in vitro aspirin
      inhibition test; the studies were repeated in 22 patients 1-27 months later. We
      have found platelet hyper- and hypofunction co-existing in some patients (9/54),
      and change of platelet function during the course of the disease (7/22) with
      platelet hypofunction being the only constant abnormality over time. These
      results may explain the lack of correlation between the clinical events and the
      limited assessment of platelet function in the hitherto published studies, and
      also suggest the need for repeated evaluations to properly assess the relative
      risk for bleeding and thrombosis.

PMID- 3356245
TI  - Hemoglobin-Q-India (64 (E13) Asp-His) and beta thalassemia: a case report from
      Punjab (North India)

PMID- 3356246
TI  - High dose i.v. MP for idiopathic myelofibrosis: a further case.

PMID- 3356247
TI  - [Thermoregulation and the hardiness training of the body].

PMID- 3356248
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the daily regimen of schoolchildren].

PMID- 3356249
TI  - [Tuberculosis vaccination and revaccination with BCG].

PMID- 3356250
TI  - [Prevention, detection and treatment of tuberculosis in adolescents].

PMID- 3356251
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 3356253
TI  - [The social ecology focal pattern of human diseases].

PMID- 3356252
TI  - [Treatment of the dehydration in acute intestinal infections in children].

PMID- 3356254
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis and alcoholism].

PMID- 3356255
TI  - [Liver involvement in chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3356256
TI  - [Rational use of psychotropic agents in internal pathology].

PMID- 3356257
TI  - [Medicinal valerian].

PMID- 3356258
TI  - [Basic trends in propagandizing medical knowledge today].

PMID- 3356259
TI  - [Prevention of cases of occupational infection with the human immunodeficiency
      virus].

PMID- 3356261
TI  - [Role of cholinergic and adrenergic receptors in the development of contractile
      responses of the small intestine to histamine].
AB  - The data obtained suggest that histamine evokes contractile responses of the cat
      jejunum and ileum acting mainly upon the preganglionic cholinergic neuron of the
      myenteral plexus. Alpha-receptors act as inhibitory, and beta-receptors as
      activating adreno-structures in respect to these responses.

PMID- 3356260
TI  - [The dispensary care method in tuberculosis control].

PMID- 3356262
TI  - [Active transport of pantothenic acid in the small intestine of the rat].
AB  - Pantotheric acid transport non-linear dependence was found in vivo and in vitro
      tests in the rat small intestine. Kinetic constants of the above process were
      determined. Dinitrophenol, sodium fluoride, anoxia, 4-phosphopantothenate and
      pantoilaminocaproic acid inhibited vitamin transfer against concentration
      gradient. Dependence of pantothenate transport rate upon sodium concentration was
      revealed.

PMID- 3356263
TI  - [Sexual selectivity of the effects of barbiturates on animals of various phyletic
      lines].

PMID- 3356264
TI  - [Tuning of receptors in the systemic activity of the body].

PMID- 3356265
TI  - [Dynamics of unit activity of the gigantocellular tegmental field in the sleep
      wakefulness cycle of rats].
AB  - Computer analysis and statistical processing of the unit activity showed that the
      majority of neurons (65.2%) in the gigantocellular tegmental field were
      discharging with high frequency during active wakefulness and paradoxical sleep
      as compared to slow-wave sleep in unrestrained rats. 11.6% of the neurons
      revealed an inverse pattern of activity: they discharged more intensively during
      slow-wave sleep, their firing rate decreasing during active wakefulness and
      paradoxical sleep. Some neurons (23.2%) were found which fired intensively during
      active wakefulness, their firing rate decreasing both in slow-wave and
      paradoxical sleep. Involvement of the gigantocellular tegmental field in the
      neurophysiological mechanisms of phases and stages of the sleep-wakefulness cycle
      is discussed.

PMID- 3356267
TI  - [Effect of nerve growth factor on synaptic processes in the sympathetic
      ganglion].
AB  - The nerves growth factor (7S NGF) from salivary glands of male mice activated the
      interneuronal relations in the inferior mesenteric plexus of 6-14-day old guinea
      pigs. Superfusion of the ganglia with 7S NGF diluted to 1 X 10(-8) M (135 ng/ml)
      inhibited suppression of the acetylcholine release with hemicholinum or modified
      solutions. Atropine (1 X 10(-6) M) did not alter, and benzohexonium (1 X 10(-6)
      M) eliminated the excitatory effect of the 7S NGF Under d-tubocurarine (1 X 10(
      6) M) blockade of H-cholinoreceptors, the 7S NGF decreased the MP and increased
      the duration blockade of synaptic transmission. Reduction of the tested protein
      effects in presence of potassium (K+ - 0.24 mM) and ouabain (1 X 10(-7) M)
      suggested the effect of the 7S NGF on processes of active and passive movements
      of electrogenic cations.

PMID- 3356266
TI  - [Unit responses of the amygdaloid corticomedial nuclei to stimulation of the
      vagal, splanchnic and sciatic nerves].
AB  - Bipolar recording revealed EPs of maximal amplitude in stimulation of vagus,
      splanchnic and sciatic nerves in the region of amygdaloid corticomedial nuclei in
      anesthetized cats. A high degree of reactivity (68.3%) of neurons was found in
      this region to single-shock stimulation of the peripheral nerves. The majority of
      neurons revealed tonic reactions. A high degree (57.1%) of afferent convergence
      from different visceral and somatic systems was found, the responses of the
      convergent type neurons being mostly unidirectional and identical in pattern.
      Sensory properties of neurons of corticomedial amygdaloid nuclei are discussed.

PMID- 3356269
TI  - [Pre- and postcapillary resistance and transcapillary fluid exchange in the
      intestine under the effect of hypoxic and hypothermic stimuli in the body].
AB  - In increase of pre- and postcapillary resistance due to hypothermia, hypoxia
      induced no considerable shifts in back-ground values of the organ hemodynamics in
      the cat small intestine preparations constantly perfused with own blood.

PMID- 3356270
TI  - [Fluctuations in local blood flow and oxygen tension in the alveolar complexes of
      the mammary gland in the course of the secretory cycle].
AB  - In lactating albino mice, an interrelationship was found between rhythmic changes
      of the blood flow intensity and oxygen supply of secretory cells in all the
      alveoles during secretory cycle. The maximal value of the local blood flow (134
      +/- 30 ml/100 g.min) and the minimal O2 tension level (27.5 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) were
      observed in the alveolar complexes at the initial stage of the secretory cycle
      when the oxygen consumption was the most intense in the alveolar cells. The
      minimal value of the local blood flow (44 +/- 2 ml/100 g.min), and the maximal O2
      tension level (42.8 +/- 2.1 mm Hg) were recorded during the middle interval (30
      35 min) of the secretory cycle with the lowest speed of O2 consumption in the
      alveolar cells. The data obtained suggest that asynchrony of function and blood
      supply of adjacent alveoles enables to provide secretory cells with O2 in an
      optimal way during different periods of their activity.

PMID- 3356268
TI  - [Age-related features of dynamics of the bioelectric characteristics of command
      neurons in edible snail].
AB  - Differences in changes of the AP amplitude ratios induced with depolarizing
      current in respect to the AP in spontaneous unit activity, were found between two
      age groups of mollusks.

PMID- 3356271
TI  - [Gene determination of physiological functions: experimental approaches based on
      the functional systems theory].

PMID- 3356272
TI  - [Parathyroid hormone and the contractile activity of the portal vein in normo-
      and hypertensive rats].
AB  - The parathyroid hormone controls phasic and tonic components of the portal vein
      contraction in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto
      rats (WKL). The main effect involves the hormone influence on the vessel tone.
      Sharp increase of the portal vein tonic tension was followed by its drop to
      initial level and lower in WKL, whereas a decrease in the contraction tonic
      component only occurred in SHR. The amplitude of the portal vein phasic tension
      decreased both in WKL and SHR. The mechanism of the hormone effect upon the level
      of intracellular ionised calcium is suggested.

PMID- 3356273
TI  - [Dynamic study of heat exchange in the lungs].
AB  - Elevation of air temperature in the breath arrest was noted in healthy subjects,
      whereas a decrease of the temperature occurred in rapid and deep breathing. Heat
      exchange did not depend on sex or physical development, whereas the temperature
      of the air depended on the range of maximal breath volume.

PMID- 3356274
TI  - [Functioning of inhibitory mechanisms of gastric secretion during variations in
      its intensity].
AB  - Seasonal and ovulatory fluctuations of "alimentary" gastric secretion were
      accompanied by synphase changes of its fatty inhibition in dogs with Pavlov
      gastric pouch and with Basov fistula of the stomach. Secretory variations
      stimulated with histamine led to no such inhibitory fluctuations. Changes in
      functioning of stimulating mechanisms of the gastric gland seem to be accompanied
      by parallel changes of functioning of inhibitory ones in natural conditions. An
      increase or decrease of acid gastric juice volume connected with secretory
      fluctuations are not the principal reason causing variations of fatty inhibition
      in these conditions.

PMID- 3356275
TI  - The amino acid composition and quantitative sugar-amino acid relationships in
      sequential Smith-degradation products from gum talha (Acacia seyal Del.).
AB  - Data are presented for the amino acid and sugar compositions of gum talha (tahl),
      i.e. the exudate from Acacia seyal Del., and for four sequential Smith
      degradation (SD) products (0.10, 0.19, 0.38, 1.60 and 2.22% N respectively). Gum
      talha, which is not permitted as a food additive, is liable to occur as a
      contaminant of shipments of legitimate gum arabic (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.).
      The molar polysaccharide/protein ratio in the whole gum (113:1) decreased to
      58:1, 27:1, 5.5:1 and 4:1 in the first, second, third and fourth SD products
      respectively. From previous studies, SD-IV is known to be a branched galactan;
      hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, serine, valine, proline, and leucine account
      jointly for 70% of its amino acids. The first SD eliminated large amounts of
      sugars (ca 50%, including all of the rhamnose and glucuronic acid present) but
      only very small amounts of amino acids (molar ratio 807/1). The second and third
      degradations eliminated all of the arabinose and 99% of the galactose originally
      present. The very small yield of the final SD product is an established
      characteristic of dextrorotatory Acacia exudates of the A. seyal type (Bentham's
      Gummiferae). Overall (four SD stages), 99.7% of the original sugars but only
      91.3% of the amino acids were eliminated. Hydroxyproline accounts for ca 25% of
      the low amino acid content of A. seyal gum and each of its SD products; the
      proteinaceous enrichment of the branched galactan core also involves aspartic
      acid, glutamic acid and iso-leucine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356277
TI  - Exposure to cadmium from foods, estimated by analysis and calculation--comparison
      of the methods.
AB  - Cadmium intake of 40 middle-aged Finnish men was determined both by calculation
      based on computer files and by analysis of duplicate portions. A significant
      difference was observed between intake estimates of the two methods. The average
      calculated cadmium intake was 15.8 micrograms/day compared to the 8.2
      micrograms/day obtained by analysis. Factors causing the difference between the
      methods and affecting the comparability are: (i) expression of concentrations
      below the detection limit; (ii) the calculation is based on the analysis of foods
      being only washed and peeled whereas duplicate portions are normally processed;
      (iii) when duplicate portions are prepared using non-representative lots or
      brands of food, their cadmium content differs from average values used in
      calculation; (iv) the level of cadmium content in duplicate portion samples is
      very low affecting the accuracy of the results. The analytical level of cadmium
      during the analysis of duplicate portions was somewhat lower as compared to the
      analysis on which the food composition file and the calculation is based. It
      seems that the complicating factors identified in the present study potentially
      affect the reliability and comparability of studies of trace element intakes.
      Therefore one has to be careful when comparing intake estimates derived
      independently or by different methods.

PMID- 3356276
TI  - Human intake of arsenic and iodine from seaweed-based food supplements and health
      foods available in the UK.
AB  - A number of seaweed-based products were analysed for total and 'reducible'
      arsenic and total iodine. Maximum potential intakes of the two elements were
      estimated using the manufacturers' recommended does. The levels of reducible
      arsenic found were generally low and, with one exception, ingestion of the
      products is unlikely to lead to the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives
      (JECFA) Tolerable Daily Intake being exceeded. Iodine levels varied widely even
      between different samples of the same product. In a number of these cases the
      potential iodine intake is very high.

PMID- 3356278
TI  - Activities of the Commission of the European Communities concerning materials and
      articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs--a review.
AB  - The removal of technical barriers to trade and consumer protection were the basic
      considerations behind the Council Resolution which gave the Commission of the
      European Communities the task of approximating the laws of the Member States as
      regards materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
      Considerable progress has been made in 14 years of Commission activity, but much
      remains to be done to construct a single market, the prime objective of the
      Treaty of Rome. This article provides a brief account of the principal results
      obtained, together with an outline of the strategy pursued by the Commission in
      its activities and the basic reasons behind the choices made. It also discusses
      prospects and future programmes.

PMID- 3356279
TI  - Effect of water on nitrosamine formation in fried bacon.
AB  - Bacon was soaked in water before frying and the effect on the formation of N
      nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine was studied. Soaking for 5 minutes
      reduced N-nitrosopyrrolidine levels by as much as 52%, but had little effect on N
      nitrosodimethylamine levels. Longer soaking periods, up to 17 hours, gave the
      same results.

PMID- 3356280
TI  - Investigation of microelement content of bulk milk from different regions of
      Italy.
AB  - Samples of bulk milk were analyzed for their lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium and
      copper contents in relationship to the production zone and at various periods of
      the year. The results obtained showed that the milk samples examined would be
      considered free from peaks of metal contamination. The metal contents of milk
      analysed were not related to the different degrees of pollution in the various
      zones or the type of the animals' diet, but mainly to chance.

PMID- 3356281
TI  - In vitro metabolism of trenbolone: study of the formation of covalently bound
      residues.
AB  - In order to study the formation of bound residues of trenbolone, in vitro
      experiments were performed using bovine liver microsomes. These experiments
      showed that hepatic mono-oxygenases can generate reactive metabolites, which are
      able to bind to microsomal proteins or can be detoxified by conjugation to
      glutathione or to glutathione-S-transferases. Bioavailability and toxicological
      properties of these adducts are discussed.

PMID- 3356282
TI  - A method for the analysis of lincomycin in porcine and bovine kidney.
AB  - A method of analysis has been developed for the estimation of lincomycin in
      porcine and bovine kidney. The method employed high performance liquid
      chromatography and Sep-Pak clean-up of methanolic tissue extracts and nitrogen
      specific gas chromatographic detection. Using spiked (0.1 mg kg-1) extracts
      recoveries in the range 40-50% were obtained. Analysis at the 0.05 mg kg-1 level
      is possible. Fifty four samples of kidney destined for UK sale were analysed for
      the presence of this drug. No samples were found to contain lincomycin.

PMID- 3356284
TI  - Dietary intakes of lead and other metals: a study of young children from an urban
      population in the UK.
AB  - In a 7-day duplicate diet study of 97 pre-school age children from the Birmingham
      area, mean dietary lead intakes of 0.185 mg/week were found compared with values
      of 0.15 and 0.11 mg/week found from similar studies carried out previously
      elsewhere. Nine per cent of the children at Birmingham exceeded the current Joint
      FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake
      for lead for the one week of study. None of these children however exceeded the
      DHSS advisory action level for lead in blood (25 micrograms/dl). Dietary intakes
      of other metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc) were
      generally similar to or less than those found from previous studies.

PMID- 3356283
TI  - Development of a method for the determination of oxytetracycline in trout.
AB  - An HPLC method has been developed whereby oxytetracycline can be detected in
      trout muscle at 0.005 mg kg-1. Application of the method to retail samples has
      shown that a few contained the antibiotic. The amounts found ranged from 0.008
      0.037 mg kg-1, these concentrations being considerably below that specified under
      the Medicine Act review procedures.

PMID- 3356285
TI  - Migration from plasticized films into foods. 3. Migration of phthalate, sebacate,
      citrate and phosphate esters from films used for retail food packaging.
AB  - A UK survey of plasticizer levels in retail foods (73 samples) wrapped in
      plasticized films or materials with plasticized coatings has been carried out. A
      wide range of different food-types packaged in vinylidene chloride copolymers
      (PVDC), nitrocellulose-coated regenerated cellulose film (RCF) and cellulose
      acetate were purchased from retail and 'take-away' outlets. Plasticizers found in
      these films were dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) in
      PVDC, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), butylbenzyl
      phthalate (BBP), and diphenyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphate (DPOP) in RCF coatings, and
      diethyl phthlate (DEP) in cellulose acetate. Foodstuffs analysed included cheese,
      pate, chocolate and confectionery products, meat pies, cake, quiches and
      sandwiches. Analysis was by stable isotope dilution GC/MS for DBP, DCHP and DEP,
      GC/MS (selected ion monitoring) for BBP and DPOP, and GC with flame ionization
      detection for DBS and ATBC, but with mass spectrometric confirmation. Levels of
      plasticizers found in foods were in the following ranges: ATBC in cheese, 2-8
      mg/kg; DBS in processed cheese and cooked meats, 76-137 mg/kg; 76-137 mg/kg; DBP,
      DCHP, BBP, and DPOP found individually or in combination in confectionery, meat
      pies, cake and sandwiches, total levels from 0.5 to 53 mg/kg; and DEP in quiches,
      2-4 mg/kg.

PMID- 3356286
TI  - [Cellular immune defect and transfer factor therapy in epidermolysis bullosa
      simplex of the Weber-Cockayne type].

PMID- 3356288
TI  - [PUVA therapy in lichen ruber oralis. A clinico-histologic study].

PMID- 3356287
TI  - [Allergic contact eczema caused by propyl gallate].

PMID- 3356289
TI  - [Fucopeptide expression of the vascular endothelium in psoriasis vulgaris].

PMID- 3356290
TI  - Purification and characterization of alpha 1-thiol proteinase inhibitor and its
      identity with kinin- and fragment 1.2-free high molecular weight kininogen.
AB  - 1. alpha 1-Thiol proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 TPI) purified from outdated human
      plasma was a glycoprotein with Mr 83,000 and was composed of heavy and light
      chains held together with a disulfide bond. 2. The data on amino acid
      composition, amino terminal sequence of the light chain and carboxyl terminal
      sequences of the heavy and light chains indicate that alpha 1 TPI is identical
      with kinin- and fragment 1.2-free HMW kininogen. 3. Purified human plasmin
      generated a derivative having the same molecular weight (Mr 83,000), same subunit
      structure (heavy and light chains) and same inhibitory capacity as alpha 1 TPI
      from HMW kininogen and kinin-free HMW kininogen. This indicated the possibility
      that alpha 1 TPI is derived from HMW kininogen by plasmin.

PMID- 3356291
TI  - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors from rabbit skeletal muscle.
AB  - 1. Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors, I-T (Mr = 29,000) and I-S (Mr = 10,700),
      were isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle by means of succesive extraction with a
      neutral buffer solution, precipitation at pH 3.7, acetone fractionation and gel
      permeation on Sephadex G-75. 2. I-T is a formed trimer of a monomeric inhibitor,
      I-M (Mr = 10,500), through disulfide bonds. 3. I-S is almost completely stable
      between pH 3 and 8, while I-M is unstable in the same pH range. 4. I-M acts most
      effectively towards cathepsins H and L, showing moderate activity towards
      cathepsin B and only weak activity towards papain. I-S acts most effectively
      towards cathepsin L, followed by, in decreasing order, cathepsin H, cathepsin B
      and papain.

PMID- 3356292
TI  - Effects of fasting and training on pyruvate dehydrogenase activation during
      exercise.
AB  - 1. The effect of exercise (2 hr treadmill running at 28 m/min) on PDHa (the
      activity of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase) in untrained rats, trained
      rats (2 hr/d at 25 m/min for 4 wk), and in 24 hr fasted rats was determined. 2.
      Exercise increased PDHa activity approximately 2 fold in fed-untrained rats. 3.
      Fasting decreased PDHa activity in sedentary rats to approximately half the
      activity in fed rats. 4. The increase in PDHa activity during exercise was less
      in fasted than fed rats. 5. Training did not change the total activity of PDH
      (phosphorylated plus nonphosphorylated forms) but the percent of PDH in the
      active form was increased in muscle of trained-rested rats. 6. PDHa activity was
      unchanged by acute exercise (2.5 hr at 40 m/min) in the trained rats.

PMID- 3356293
TI  - Characterization of rat parotid protein kinase C.
AB  - 1. Protein kinase C (PK-C) from the rat parotid gland has been partially purified
      and characterized for the first time. During its purification, this enzyme
      exhibited the same chromatographic behavior as the rat brain enzyme. 2.
      Affinities for phosphatidylserine (3 micrograms/ml), ATP (8 microM) and calcium
      (8 microM) were determined kinetically and found to be similar for the enzymes
      from each tissue. 3. Experiments designed to detect agonist-stimulated
      translocation of PK-C activity during phosphatidylinositol turnover found no
      change in levels of soluble PK-C, suggesting that PK-C translocation may not be
      an obligatory correlate of its activation. The implications of this result are
      discussed.

PMID- 3356294
TI  - In vitro activation of the contact activation system (Hageman factor system) in
      plasma by acidic phospholipids and the inhibitory effect of beta 2-glycoprotein I
      on this activation.
AB  - 1. Negatively charged phospholipids promote initiation of the contact activation
      system in the blood coagulation. 2. Neutral phospholipids were unable to activate
      this system. 3. The activation is inhibited by beta 2-glycoprotein I at
      physiological concentrations. 4. The results raise the question whether people
      with low concentration of beta 2-glycoprotein I are more easily exposed to blood
      coagulation defects, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, than those
      with normal concentration of beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PMID- 3356295
TI  - Polyamines and enzymes of polyamines metabolism in the cartilage during embryonic
      development.
AB  - 1. In chicken embryo cartilage putrescine levels, maximal at day 8, fall by day
      16 to a four-fold lower value, which remains unchanged through hatching and in
      the 12-day-old chick. 2. Spermine and spermidine, initially higher than
      putrescine, are almost halved between days 8 and 11, and remain constant
      afterwards. 3. Ornithine decarboxylase is down to 20% of the day 8 value by day
      16, and is further reduced in the newly hatched chick. 4. S-Adenosyl-methionine
      decarboxylase activity shows a 50% reduction between days 8 and 11, and no
      further changes. 5. Spermidine acetyltransferase activity at day 11 is 30% lower
      than at day 8, goes back up to the initial level by day 16, and progressively
      decreases through hatching and the first 12 days of life.

PMID- 3356296
TI  - Properties of sulfanilazo-haptoglobin.
AB  - 1. Tyrosine and two structural isomers of histidine residues in human haptoglobin
      were modified with diazotized sulfanilic acid. Sulfanilazo-derivatives of
      haptoglobin obtained by increasing the reagent/protein molar ration showed
      gradual decrease of peroxidase activity when complexed with hemoglobin. 2.
      Formation of haptoglobin derivatives with ten mono(sulfanilazo)-tyrosines and two
      mono (sulfanilazo)histidines resulted in the blockage of one out of six antigenic
      determinants, whereas immunoreactivity of the derivative with fourteen
      azotyrosines, one C-4, and two C-2 azohistidines was decreased by half. 3.
      Removal of sialic acid from oligosaccharide chains of haptoglobin made the
      molecule more accessible to diazotized sulfanilic acid. 4. Sulfanilazo
      modification of tyrosine and histidine residues was practically of no effect in
      the reaction of haptoglobin with plant lectin, concanavalin A.

PMID- 3356297
TI  - Clearance of certain modified haptoglobins from the rabbit circulation.
AB  - 1. Human haptoglobin (Hp) type 2-1 was subjected to the sulfanilazo-modification
      of tyrosine and histidine residues, the removal of sialic acid, and the reduction
      of disulfide bonds (isolation of alpha 2, alpha 1, beta subunits), respectively.
      Radioactively labeled preparations were administered intravenously to rabbits. 2.
      Human Hp and isolated beta (heavy) chain disappeared from the circulation
      somewhat faster (half-lives = 72 and 67 h, respectively), than homologous rabbit
      Hp (half-life = 96 h). Hp light chains (alpha 2, alpha 1), devoid of
      oligosaccharide showed shorter half-lives of 27-19 h. 3. Treatment of Hp with
      diazotized sulfanilic acid resulted in an appreciable reduction of half-life to
      21-11 h, as dependent on the number of modified residues. 4. Asialo-Hp, asialo
      beta chain, and asialo-sulfanilazo-Hp were cleared rapidly from the circulation
      with half-lives of 5.5, 5.0, and 4.2 h, respectively. 5. These results suggest
      that in different pathways of Hp catabolism in vivo, polypeptide recognition
      markers in addition to carbohydrate ones, are involved.

PMID- 3356298
TI  - Polysaccharide and glycolipid composition in Tritrichomonas foetus.
AB  - 1. The polysaccharide and glycolipid composition in Tritrichomonas foetus was
      studied by paper, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. 2. The
      carbohydrate components of the polysaccharide were glucose (47%), galactose (34%)
      and mannose (19%). N-acetylneuraminic acid was the sialic acid derivative
      characterized in the flagellate whole cells. 3. The sialic acid density was
      estimated as 2.7 x 10(7) residues/cell. 4. The long-chain base
      dihydrosphingosine, the carbohydrates galactose (67%), glucose (21%) and mannose
      (12%) as well as the fatty acids myristic (48%) and palmitic (52%) acids were
      characterized as components of the total glycolipids of T. foetus. 5. Total
      glycolipids were fractionated: a galactocerebroside and a ganglioside were
      identified.

PMID- 3356299
TI  - Snake venom toxins--II. The primary structures of cytotoxin homologues S3C2 and
      S4C8 from Aspidelaps scutatus (shield or shield-nose snake) venom.
AB  - 1. Cytotoxin homologues S3C2 and S4C8 from Aspidelaps scutatus were purified by
      gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. 2. They consist of 63 amino acids
      including eight half-cystines. The toxicities of S3C2 and S4C8 were determined
      and LD50 values of 6.6 and 9.4 micrograms/g mouse were, respectively, found. 3.
      The complete primary structures of toxins S3C2 and S4C8 have been determined. The
      two toxins resemble the cytotoxin type toxins and in the cytotoxin homologues the
      ten structurally invariant amino acids of the neurotoxins and the cytotoxins are
      conserved.

PMID- 3356300
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in rat pituitary gland intermediate lobe
      following ovariectomy.
AB  - Using hybridization techniques and Northern blots we have identified a
      approximately 6.5 kb glucocorticoid receptor mRNA species in rat pituitary
      intermediate lobe. Glucocorticoid receptor mRNA concentrations, which are barely
      detectable or undetectable in normal animals, were greatly increased following
      ovariectomy. This ovariectomy-induced increase in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA
      content of the intermediate lobe, which was confirmed by in situ hybridization
      experiments, could be reversed by 17 beta-estradiol administration.

PMID- 3356301
TI  - Developmental and hormonal regulation of cholesterol side chain cleavage
      cytochrome P-450 in the fetal rabbit testis.
AB  - Male sexual differentiation is dependent upon the induction of testosterone
      synthesis by the fetal testis at a critical phase of development. In the rabbit,
      testosterone synthesis by the fetal testis is initiated after 17.5-18 days of
      gestation, reaches peak values by day 21 and subsequently declines. In the
      present study, we analyzed the specific activity and concentration of
      immunoreactive cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome P
      450scc) in the fetal rabbit testis during development to assess its possible role
      as a key regulatory enzyme in fetal testicular steroidogenesis. The effects of
      human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the specific
      activity and synthesis of cytochrome P-450scc in fetal rabbit testes in vitro
      also were evaluated. We observed that changes in cholesterol side chain cleavage
      activity paralleled the induction of testosterone synthesis; the specific
      activity of this enzyme which was approximately equal to 0.25 pmol min-1 mg-1
      protein in testes from 19-day fetal rabbits was increased approximately equal to
      10-fold in testes of 21-day fetuses and thereafter declined dramatically.
      Immunoreactive cytochrome P-450scc, which was first detectable in gonads of 19
      day fetal rabbits, was induced markedly in 21-day fetal testes, reached maximum
      levels on day 24 and declined slightly thereafter. Incubation of testes from 19-
      and 21-day gestational age fetal rabbits with hCG or dibutyryl cyclic AMP for 24
      h resulted in an induction of testosterone synthesis, cholesterol side chain
      cleavage activity and synthesis of cytochrome P-450scc. These findings are
      suggestive that androgen synthesis by the fetal Leydig cell is mediated by an
      induction of the synthesis and specific activity of cytochrome P-450scc. In
      addition, these data support the hypothesis that the developmental changes in the
      synthesis of cytochrome P-450scc are regulated by fetal gonadotropin and are
      mediated by cyclic AMP.

PMID- 3356302
TI  - Partial purification of the microsomal rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase. I.
      Solubilization and ion-exchange chromatography.
AB  - Rat liver microsomal fraction was treated with several non-ionic, anionic or
      zwitterionic detergents in order to investigate which is most suitable for
      subsequent purification of the iodothyronine deiodinase. Criteria for effective
      solubilization were (a) no or little inhibitory effect of the detergent on
      deiodinase activity, (b) non-sedimentable activity by centrifugation at 105,000 X
      g, and (c) a low molecular weight of the soluble complex as determined by
      Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration in the presence of detergent. Optimal
      solubilization was obtained by treatment of the microsomes with cholate and
      subsequent precipitation of dispersed protein with 30% ammonium sulfate,
      resulting in the removal of adhering phospholipids. Enzyme was resolubilized best
      with the non-ionic detergents Brij 56 or Emulgen 911 in the presence of 0.5 M
      NaCl. This deiodinase preparation had an isoelectric point at pH 9.3 and was
      further purified by subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and CM-Sepharose.
      Only the Emulgen 911-dispersed enzyme was retained by the CM-Sepharose column.
      Further purification was investigated by chromatofocusing. This resulted in a
      rapid inactivation of the Emulgen 911 preparation whereas the Brij 56-soluble
      enzyme was ultimately purified 400 times after DEAE-Sephacel and
      chromatofocusing.

PMID- 3356303
TI  - Partial purification of the microsomal rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase. II.
      Affinity chromatography.
AB  - Iodothyronine deiodinase has been solubilized and purified approximately 2400
      times from liver microsomal fractions of male Wistar rats pretreated with
      thyroxine. The deiodinase was solubilized with 1% cholate, and stripped of
      adhering phospholipids by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by
      solubilization with the non-ionic detergent Emulgen 911. The enzyme was further
      purified by successive ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Cellex-P
      and affinity chromatography on 3,3',5-triiodothyronine-Sepharose. Finally, the
      deiodinase was reacted with 6-propionyl-2-thiouracil-Sepharose, a derivative of
      the mechanism-based inhibitor 6-propyl-2-thiouracil. Covalent binding was
      observed only in the presence of substrate in agreement with the proposed
      mechanism of deiodination. The deiodinase was eluted from the affinity column by
      reduction of the enzyme-propylthiouracil mixed disulfide with 50 mM
      dithiothreitol. The enzyme was approximately 50% pure as judged by SDS-PAGE,
      exhibiting a subunit molecular weight of 25,000. This preparation was equally
      enriched in outer ring and inner ring deiodinase activities in keeping with the
      view that both are intrinsic to a single, type I deiodinase.

PMID- 3356305
TI  - American Diabetes Association, Inc., 48th annual meeting. June 11-14, 1988, New
      Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts.

PMID- 3356304
TI  - Rat thecal/interstitial cells produce a mitogenic activity that promotes the
      growth of granulosa cells.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the cells outside the basal lamina of the follicle
      secrete paracrine factors that influence the cells on the inside of the follicle,
      two ovarian cell populations were obtained from diethylstilbestrol-treated rats.
      Granulosa cells were obtained by extrusion from the follicles and an ovarian cell
      preparation, termed thecal/interstitial, was derived from the granulosa cell
      depleted ovaries. Light microscopy showed that each cell population in culture
      had distinctive morphologies. Electrophoretic examination of the radiolabeled
      proteins secreted by the two ovarian cell preparations revealed that each
      secreted unique protein components into the culture medium. Rat
      thecal/interstitial cell-conditioned medium promoted [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into normal rat kidney cell line (NRK) DNA and into bovine granulosa cell DNA.
      The growth-promoting activity was stable to heating at 70 degrees C for 5 min
      whereas native fibroblast growth factor (FGF) lost its activity, showing that the
      factor was not characteristic of FGF. To further characterize the growth
      promoting activity thecal/interstitial cell-conditioned medium was concentrated
      and the proteins separated by size exclusion high performance liquid
      chromatography. The growth-promoting activity eluted with an apparent molecular
      weight between 15,000 and 25,000. The finding that thecal/interstitial cells in
      culture secrete growth-promoting factors suggests that those cells that are in
      close proximity to the granulosa cells may secrete protein factors that diffuse
      into the follicular antrum and influence granulosa cell proliferation.

PMID- 3356306
TI  - Lack of delayed neurotoxic effect after tri-o-cresyl phosphate treatment in male
      Fischer 344 rats: biochemical, neurobehavioral, and neuropathological studies.
AB  - Tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), which produces a delayed neurotoxic syndrome in
      humans and some animal species, was given to Fischer 344 (F344) male (18 week
      old) rats to determine if it causes biochemical, sensorimotor, and
      neuropathological effects. Animals were given TOCP by gavage in doses ranging
      from 10 to 100 mg of TOCP/kg daily for a period of 63 days. The rats were
      subjected to a series of neurobehavioral tests including fore- and hindlimb grip
      strength, motor activity, tremor, and latency to respond to a thermal stimulus.
      Central and peripheral nervous tissues were examined for damage characteristic of
      organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Brain
      neurotoxic esterase and acetylcholinesterase activities were inhibited in a dose
      dependent fashion. A group of three chickens treated with 100 mg of TOCP/kg/day
      for 18 days was included as the positive control for enzymatic and
      histopathological alterations associated with OPIDN. Rats showed no consistent
      neurobehavioral changes or evidence of neuropathological damage in nervous
      tissues associated with treatment. In contrast, chickens treated with TOCP
      developed delayed neurotoxicity characterized by ataxia, which progressed to
      paralysis. These neurological changes included swelling, fragmentation, and
      degeneration of the axon and myelin in both central and peripheral nervous
      tissues. This study concludes that the F344 rat is not sensitive to the delayed
      neurotoxic effects of TOCP. When studying OPIDN in rats, care must be exercised
      in choosing the experimental animal since some strains, e.g., F344, are not
      sensitive.

PMID- 3356307
TI  - Species differences in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity and
      biotransformation in fish.
AB  - Rainbow trout, yellow perch, carp, bluegill, largemouth bass, and bullhead were
      treated with graded doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 1, 5, 25,
      or 125 micrograms/kg) or vehicle, ip. The lethal potency of TCDD tended to be
      greater in yellow perch, carp, and bullhead than in the other three species (LD50
      80 days post-treatment, 3-5 versus 10-16 micrograms/kg, respectively). All
      species treated with the highest dose of TCDD (125 micrograms/kg) displayed a
      latency period of 1-4 weeks prior to death; longer latency periods were produced
      by lower lethal doses. Effects of TCDD treatment on body weight were both species
      dependent and dose-dependent. Fin necrosis was observed in all fish species;
      however, cutaneous hemorrhage was observed only in TCDD-treated perch, carp, and
      bluegill, and cutaneous hyperpigmentation only in TCDD-treated carp and
      largemouth bass. Gallbladder bile was analyzed for TCDD and its metabolites 7
      days after fish were injected with [14C]TCDD (60 micrograms/kg, ip). At least
      three TCDD metabolites in addition to the parent compound were found in the
      gallbladder bile of all six species. In addition, the retention time of the major
      biliary TCDD metabolite (determined by HPLC) was similar in all species except
      yellow perch. Beta-Glucuronidase treatment of the bile from largemouth bass and
      bluegill suggested that at least two of the TCDD metabolites were glucuronide
      conjugates. Thus, species differences exist in the lethal potency, signs of overt
      toxicity, and biotransformation of TCDD among freshwater fish.

PMID- 3356308
TI  - Effects of subchronic inhalation of D-D (1,3-dichloropropene/1,2-dichloropropane)
      on reproduction in male and female rats.
AB  - The effects of inhaled D-D (1,3-dichloropropene/1,2-dichloropropane) on
      reproduction were studied in rats of both sexes. The rats inhaled nominal
      concentrations of 0, 10, 30, or 90 ppm (v/v) D-D for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 10
      weeks. Treated males of proven fertility were paired with untreated virgin
      females at intervals during and after exposure. Treated females were paired with
      untreated males immediately after the 10-week exposure period. Various aspects of
      reproductive performance and general toxicity were assessed. Exposure to D-D
      produced no adverse effects on the libido, fertility, or morphology of the
      reproductive tracts of rats of either sex; no treatment-related dominant lethal
      effect was observed in male rats. Slight reductions in body weight gains and
      slight increases in liver and kidney weights were observed in 90 ppm rats of both
      sexes.

PMID- 3356309
TI  - Mice exposed in utero to 20 ppm benzene exhibit altered numbers of recognizable
      hematopoietic cells up to seven weeks after exposure.
AB  - Pregnant Swiss Webster mice were exposed from Day 6 through Day 15 of gestation
      to either air, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, or 20 ppm benzene. On Day 16 of gestation, 2 days
      after birth, and 6 weeks after birth, progeny of the exposed dams were assayed
      for the amount and type of hemoglobin produced and for recognizable hematopoietic
      cells in the peripheral blood and hematopoietic organs. None of the benzene
      exposures induced significant changes in the indices assayed from the 16-day
      fetuses. In contrast, 2-day neonates exposed in utero to all concentrations of
      benzene exhibited reduced numbers of circulating erythroid percursor cells. In
      addition, those 2-day neonates exposed in utero to 20 ppm benzene exhibited
      increased numbers of hepatic hematopoietic blast cells and granulopoietic
      precursor cells accompanied by decreased numbers of erythropoietic precursor
      cells. Six-week adult mice exposed in utero to 20 ppm benzene exhibited a similar
      pattern of enhanced granulopoiesis. These animals exhibited elevated numbers of
      splenic hematopoietic blast cells and granulopoietic precursor cells accompanied
      by decreased numbers of marrow erythropoietic precursor cells. These results
      suggest that in utero exposures to low concentrations of benzene can induce
      persistent enhanced production of recognizable granulopoietic elements in the
      hematopoietic systems of mice.

PMID- 3356310
TI  - Subchronic studies of doxylamine in Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - Doxylamine succinate was administered as an admixture in the feed to male and
      female Fischer 344 rats for either 14 or 90 days. The 14-day study included dose
      levels of 0, 100, 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm doxylamine. Except for a 7%
      decrease in final body weight in female rats in the 2000 ppm group, there were no
      significant clinical observations made in the 14-day study. Microscopic lesions
      judged to be treatment-related were limited to cytoplasmic vacuolization in the
      livers. The lesions were more numerous in the higher dose groups of males and
      present only in the 2000 ppm group of females. Dose levels of 0, 162, 405, 1012,
      2530, and 6325 ppm doxylamine were administered in the 90-day study. There were
      no deaths during the study. Final body weights were decreased 13.3% in males of
      the 6325 ppm group and 5.2, 10.1, and 14.4% in females in the 1012, 2530, and
      6325 ppm groups, respectively. Liver/brain weight ratios were increased in all
      treated male groups and in the two highest dose groups of females. Other organ
      weight changes were decreases and believed to result from general reduction in
      weight gain in those groups where the decreases occurred. Treatment-related
      histological changes were identified in the liver and parotid salivary gland.
      Cytoplasmic vacuolization or fatty change of the liver was found in all groups of
      males but was more severe in the higher dose groups. In females, these liver
      lesions were observed only in the two highest dose groups. A dose-related change
      in the parotid salivary gland, consisting of cytomegaly with basophilic and
      coarsely granular or vacuolated cytoplasm, was observed.

PMID- 3356311
TI  - Subchronic studies of doxylamine in B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Doxylamine succinate, a histamine (H1) antagonist (antihistamine), was
      administered as an admixture in the feed to male and female B6C3F1 mice for 14 or
      90 days. Dose levels of 0, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm doxylamine were
      administered to males and females in the 14-day study while dose levels of 0, 80,
      162, 325, 750, and 1500 ppm were administered to both sexes in the 90-day study.
      Little toxicity was seen in the 14-day study. Final body weights in the highest
      dose group were reduced 4.0 and 7.3% in males and females, respectively.
      Treatment-related histopathological changes in the 14-day study were limited to a
      very low incidence of hepatic necrosis in both sexes. There was little toxicity
      observed in the 90-day study and no clear dose response relative to weight gain
      was observed. Histologically, the liver was the only organ affected by doxylamine
      administration. The liver lesions consisted of hepatic cell cytomegaly and/or
      karyomegaly which varied from mild to severe and a possible dose-related hepatic
      necrosis.

PMID- 3356312
TI  - Uptake of 19 hydrocarbon vapors inhaled by F344 rats.
AB  - The comparative rates of uptake of 19 hydrocarbon vapors by rats were determined
      by a dual-column gas chromatograph method. The hydrocarbons ranged in volatility
      from propylene (BP -47.7 degrees C) to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (BP 169 degrees C).
      Representative compounds from the chemical classes of alkenes, alkynes, straight
      chain and branched alkanes, alicyclics, and aromatics were examined. Trends
      observed included: (1) highly volatile hydrocarbons were less well-absorbed than
      less volatile hydrocarbons; (2) unsaturated compounds were better absorbed than
      saturated ones; and (3) branched hydrocarbons were less well-absorbed than
      unbranched ones. The data indicate that uptake rates among inhaled hydrocarbon
      vapors may be predicted from the molecular structures and physical properties of
      the hydrocarbons.

PMID- 3356313
TI  - Methemoglobin formation resulting from administration of candidate 8
      aminoquinoline antiparasitic drugs in the dog.
AB  - In vivo methemoglobin (MHb) formation caused by five 8-aminoquinoline compounds
      was tested in beagle dogs. Male beagle dogs were dosed orally once per day at
      0.0116 mmol/kg for 4 consecutive days with primaquine (8-[4-amino-1
      methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxyquinoline, diphosphate), three candidate 8
      aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs (WR 225,448 5-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4
      methyl primaquine, succinate); WR 238,605 2,6-dimethoxy-5-(3
      trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4-methyl primaquine, succinate; or WR 242,511 5-hexoxy-4
      methyl primaquine, diphosphate dihydrate), or a candidate 8-aminoquinoline
      antileishmanial drug WR 6026 (8-[(6-diethylamino)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl
      quinoline, dihydrochloride). MHb and total hemoglobin levels were determined
      daily prior to dosing and for 29 days after drug administration. All compounds
      caused prolonged levels of MHb that peaked at Days 4 to 5 with disappearance half
      lives of 5 to 9 days. Peak percentage MHb of primaquine, WR 6026, WR 238,605, WR
      225,448, and WR 242,511 was 6.3, 20.7, 16.0, 25.3, and 48.1%, respectively. Total
      MHb as measured by area under the time-concentration curve was highest for WR
      242,511, followed by WR 225,448, WR 238,605, WR 6026, and primaquine,
      respectively. The results of this study, in conjunction with other toxicity and
      efficacy studies, have been utilized to select one of these compounds for
      development as a replacement for the antimalarial drug primaquine, and also to
      characterize the MHb-forming properties of WR 6026.

PMID- 3356314
TI  - Pharmacokinetic fate of 14C-labeled deoxynivalenol in swine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was
      investigated in swine following intravenous (0.30 mg, 0.35 microCi/kg) and
      intragastric (0.60 mg, 0.60 microCi/kg) administration of the 14C-labeled toxin.
      After iv dosing, plasma concentration data favored a three-compartment open model
      with half-life values for the rapid distribution (alpha), slower distribution
      (beta), and terminal elimination (gamma) phases of 5.8, 96.7, and 510.0 min,
      respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (V'd) was 1.34 liter/kg, the
      volume of the central compartment (Vc) was 0.166 liter/kg, and the plasma
      clearance was 1.81 ml/min/kg. DON was rapidly cleared essentially unchanged
      (greater than 95%), and was excreted primarily in urine (86-104%), with minor
      elimination in bile (3-5%). Following intragastric dosing DON was very rapidly
      absorbed, reaching near peak plasma levels within 15-30 min. Levels remained
      elevated (63-325 ng/ml) for approximately 9 hr, and began declining slowly (t1/2
      beta = 7.1 hr) thereafter. The calculated systemic bioavailability (F) was
      between 48 and 65%, although urinary and biliary recoveries indicated marginally
      greater absorption actually occurred (54-85%). Overall, although DON was
      eliminated rapidly and completely within 24 hr following a single iv or
      intragastric dose, data suggest that residues may undergo temporary sequestration
      in a tissue depot.

PMID- 3356315
TI  - The lack of a growth-promoting effect of orally administered bovine somatotropin
      in the rat body-weight-gain bioassay.
AB  - Bovine somatotropin (bSt) was given either orally or subcutaneously to groups of
      female hypophysectomized rats daily for 9 days. Ten rats per dose group were
      given oral dosages of 0 (buffered-water vehicle control), 40, 400, 2000, and 4000
      micrograms of bSt per day. Similar groups of ten rats each received subcutaneous
      doses of 0 (buffered-water vehicle control), 15, 30, and 60 micrograms of bSt per
      day. Rats were weighed daily to observe their body-weight gain, which is a
      measure of the biological activity of bSt in the hypophysectomized rat. At study
      termination, serum of treated rats was monitored for the presence of bSt and
      antibody to bSt. Bovine somatotropin was detected in the serum of the
      subcutaneously treated rats, but not in those rats treated orally. Of 18 rats
      treated subcutaneously with bSt, 14 developed antibodies to bSt, whereas of 38
      rats treated orally with bSt, 11 developed antibodies. Subcutaneously treated
      rats grew in a dose-related manner as expected in this assay. Orally administered
      bSt failed to elicit a growth response at any dose in this sensitive bioassay
      system. The data suggest that neither bSt nor growth-promoting fragments of bSt
      are absorbed after oral administration of doses up to 40,000 micrograms/kg/day in
      the hypophysectomized rat.

PMID- 3356316
TI  - Structure-activity relationships for diorganotins, chlorinated benzenes, and
      chlorinated anilines established with bluegill sunfish BF-2 cells.
AB  - The bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) BF-2 cell line, propagated at 34
      degrees C, served as target for evaluation of the acute toxicities of various
      classes of aquatic pollutants, using the neutral red cytotoxicity assay. For a
      series of chlorinated benzenes and anilines, the sequence of cytotoxicity was
      dependent on the degree of chlorination and on their hydrophobicity, as described
      by their logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficients (log P values). With
      increasing numbers of chlorine atoms in the ring structure or with increasing log
      P values, greater cytotoxicity was observed. For a series of diorganotins, the
      sequence of cytotoxicity was dependent on the length of the carbon chain and upon
      their hydrophobicity, as described by Hansch pi parameters. Thus, increasing the
      chain length or increasing the Hansch pi parameter resulted in greater
      cytotoxicity. Similar structure-activity relationships for these classes of test
      agents have been previously established using acute toxicity LC50 assays with
      aquatic species. The ability of the neutral red in vitro cytotoxicity assay, with
      cultured fish cells as the bioindicators, to mimic the acute toxicity data
      obtained from the LC50 assays suggests its utility as a tool for preliminary
      screening (tier I testing) of aquatic pollutants.

PMID- 3356317
TI  - Acute toxicity of helenalin in BDF1 mice.
AB  - The acute toxicity of helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Helenium
      microcephalum, was examined in male BDF1 mice. The 14-day LD50 for a single ip
      dose of helenalin in male mice was 43 mg/kg. A single ip injection of 25 mg
      helenalin/kg increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH), urea nitrogen (BUN), and sorbitol dehydrogenase within 6 hr
      of treatment. Multiple helenalin exposures, ip injection of 25 mg helenalin/kg
      for 3 days, increased differential polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts and
      decreased lymphocyte counts. Serum ALT, BUN, and cholesterol levels were also
      increased by multiple helenalin exposures at 25 mg helenalin/kg/day. Helenalin
      significantly reduced liver, thymus, and spleen relative weights and histologic
      evaluation revealed substantial effects of multiple helenalin exposures on
      lymphocytes of the thymus, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes. No helenalin
      induced histologic changes were observed in the liver or kidney. Multiple
      helenalin exposures (25 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited hepatic microsomal
      enzyme activities (aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase) and decreased
      microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 contents. Three concurrent days of diethyl
      maleate (DEM) pretreatment (3.7 mmol DEM/kg, 0.5 hr before helenalin treatment)
      significantly increased the toxicity of helenalin exposure. The present studies
      indicate that the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing system and lymphoid organs
      are particularly vulnerable to the effects of helenalin. In addition, helenalin
      toxicity is increased by DEM pretreatments which have been shown to decrease
      glutathione concentrations.

PMID- 3356318
TI  - The acute toxicity of BIOLF-143 in the rat.
AB  - BIOLF-143, an experimental, purine-based acyclic nucleoside, was administered by
      iv or ip injection to young, adult, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in order
      to determine the (1) pharmacokinetic disposition, (2) route and rate of
      excretion, and (3) acute toxicity. HPLC analysis of plasma, hepatic, and renal
      tissue levels was conducted following iv injections of 50 and 100 mg/kg and ip
      injections of 500 mg/kg. Metabolism/excretion studies were conducted following ip
      injections of BIOLF-143 (100 mg/kg). The assessment of acute toxicity was done
      following the ip injection of agent (250 mg/kg/hr for 8 consecutive hr). BIOLF
      143 was rapidly distributed in the body, the estimated half-life in blood plasma
      being 18-23 min. The molecule was essentially unbound to plasma proteins (99%
      free) and was excreted unchanged in the urine. The recovery of the parent
      compound was 74.3 +/- 5.9% and 88.5 +/- 15.9% for male and female rats,
      respectively, with no metabolites or unidentifiable peaks being detected in HPLC
      chromatograms. No overt toxicity or untoward signs of latent toxicity were
      observed in the animals receiving doses up to 2000 mg/kg ip. No residues were
      detected in tissues at 24 hr post-treatment. A potential target organ in
      subchronic studies might be the kidney. High residue levels of BIOLF-143 were
      detected 1.0 hr post-treatment; however, the organ had cleared all residues by 24
      hr after administration.

PMID- 3356319
TI  - Evaluation of a real-time aerosol monitor (RAM-S) for inhalation studies.
AB  - Measurement of the aerosol concentration in inhalation toxicology studies is
      generally done by gravimetric and/or chemical analysis of filter samples taken
      over a known period of time at a fixed sampling flow rate. The value obtained
      represents the time-averaged concentration in an exposure chamber. However, the
      filter method does not provide information as to the stability of aerosol
      concentration in "real-time" nor as to the time required for the aerosol
      concentration to reach the target value during the start-up of exposures. In
      order to accomplish evaluation of aerosol stability and chamber rise and fall
      times, a direct measurement device is required. An available real-time aerosol
      monitor (RAM-S, GCA Corp., Bedford, MA) is a photometer which collects scattered
      light from an aerosol cloud at a 70 +/- 25 degrees angle. The output signal is 0
      to 10 volt with three ranges corresponding to maximum aerosol concentrations of
      200, 20, and 2 mg/m3. The performance of the RAM-S was evaluated in inhalation
      studies involving nickel sulfate hexahydrate, nickel oxide, nickel subsulfide,
      and azodicarbonamide. Several RAM-S units were calibrated by obtaining both
      filter samples and voltage readings of a RAM-S simultaneously. Results indicated
      that the response of the RAM-S instruments was linear. However, the voltage
      output per given aerosol concentration was different for each compound used.
      Furthermore, there was interinstrument variability in the voltage response to
      aerosol concentration of a given compound. At concentrations higher than 100
      mg/m3, modification of the flow system in the RAM-S was made to increase the
      sheath air around the optical system and also to dilute the aerosol
      concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356320
TI  - Tapetal changes in beagle dogs following oral administration of CGS 14796C, a
      potential aromatase inhibitor.
AB  - CGS 14796C, cis-1-[(4-[(1-imidazolyl)methyl]-cyclohexyl)methyl)imidazole
      succinate, has been evaluated as a potential aromatase inhibitor. As part of the
      safety evaluation program, a 3-month oral toxicity study was performed in which
      beagle dogs were administered CGS 14796C by gavage at 5, 15, or 50 mg/kg/day.
      Ophthalmoscopically, changes in the tapetum lucidum affecting dogs from the 15
      and 50 mg/kg dose levels were diffuse areas of pigmentation varying in appearance
      from a brownish peppered or mottled to a more uniform brown similar to that of
      the nontapetal area of the fundus. Tapetal reflectivity was absent or markedly
      reduced. Within the pigmented area, multiple islets (yellow, green, or orange) of
      tapetal cells were visible, suggestive of destruction of the tapetum. In no
      instance was retinal destruction, edema, vascular changes, or detachment
      observed. Ophthalmoscopic examinations performed during recovery revealed changes
      of slight increase in tapetal islets, suggestive of a slight progression and
      organization within the tapetum followed by an arrest of the toxic insult within
      the tapetal tissue. At light and electron microscopic examination of the ocular
      tissues, the lesions were tapetal cell degeneration/atrophy. These results
      demonstrated that the taptetum lucidum was a target tissue of toxicity for CGS
      14796C, and indicated that the findings are without toxicological significance in
      atapetal species, including man, whose globes do not have this structure.

PMID- 3356321
TI  - Bioavailability of soil-bound TCDD: dermal bioavailability in the rat.
AB  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an unwanted by-product formed during
      the manufacture of hexachlorophene and phenoxyherbicides, has been found as an
      environmental contaminant in many U.S. and Western European sites. This study
      examines in the rat the degree of dermal absorption of TCDD bound to soil. Such
      information would assist regulatory agencies in evaluating the degree of exposure
      of humans who come in contact with TCDD-contaminated soil. Several parameters
      which may influence dermal absorption were studied, including TCDD dose, duration
      of contact, presence of crankcase oil as a co-contaminant, and environmentally
      contaminated vs laboratory-prepared soil. The dermal penetration of TCDD
      following 4 hr of contact with skin was approximately 60% of that following 24 hr
      of contact (P less than or equal to 0.05). Following 24 hr of contact with the
      skin, the degree of dermal uptake of TCDD contaminated soil was approximately 1%
      of the administered dose. Under the conditions of the present study, the degree
      of uptake does not appear to be influenced to any significant extent by the
      concentration of TCDD on soil, the presence of crankcase oil as co-contaminants,
      or by environmentally vs laboratory-contaminated soil. Although a number of
      parameters examined in this study did not significantly influence the degree of
      dermal absorption of TCDD in the rat following 24 hr of contact with the
      contaminated soil, the unqualified use of the 1% value to estimate human exposure
      would overestimate human exposure, since there is general agreement among
      researchers that rat skin tends to be more permeable than human skin to highly
      lipid-soluble compounds such as TCDD.

PMID- 3356322
TI  - Reproductive toxicity of tricresyl phosphate in a continuous breeding protocol in
      Swiss (CD-1) mice.
AB  - The effects of a mixture of tricresyl phosphate isomers on reproductive
      performance in Swiss (CD-1) mice were evaluated using a continuous breeding
      protocol. Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) was mixed into the feed at 0, 0.05, 0.1, and
      0.2% by weight. Although the fertility index was not changed in the animals
      consuming the high-concentration feed, the number of litters per pair decreased
      in a dose-related fashion, and the proportion of pups born alive, and their
      weight, was significantly decreased in the high-dose group. A crossover mating
      trial found impaired fertility in both males and females exposed to 0.2% TCP,
      with a greater effect in females. Histopathology of the F0 pairs revealed dose
      related seminiferous tubule atrophy, and decreased testis and epididymal weights
      in the high-dose males, while the female reproductive tract showed no
      histopathologic changes. There were dose-related changes in the adrenals of both
      sexes, and body weight was depressed in both sexes at the highest concentration.
      The last litter born in the 98-day breeding phase was reared to age 74 days and
      then mated within the control and two of the treatment groups (0.0, 0.05, and
      0.1% TCP; there were too few offspring in the 0.2% group). There was a decrease
      in the fertility index in the 0.1% TCP group, and a decreased proportion of
      liveborn and number of liveborn pups per litter. In the F1 males at necropsy,
      sperm concentration and morphology were normal at termination, although motility
      was decreased in both the 0.05% and the 0.1% groups compared to controls. These
      data show that TCP impaired fertility in both sexes of mice in the F0 generation
      and affected sperm motility at even the lowest dose in F1 males.

PMID- 3356323
TI  - A guide to the statistical analysis of long-term carcinogenicity assays.
AB  - Statistical methods for analyzing data from chronic carcinogenicity bioassays are
      reviewed. When treatment groups do not show marked differences in tumor-free
      death rates, methods that compare the crude proportions of animals that develop
      tumors can be recommended as valid and powerful comparisons of age-specific tumor
      incidence rates. When the age at tumor onset can be observed, techniques of
      survival analysis such as the logrank test can adjust for differing tumor-free
      mortality rates. If tumors are strictly nonlethal, the age-adjusted comparison of
      tumor prevalence among dying animals compares age-specific tumor incidence rates.
      When tumors are occult or of intermediate lethality and when tumor-free death
      rates differ substantially, a variety of techniques are available, but most are
      computationally intensive and rely either on the collection of additional data or
      on additional assumptions that may not be met.

PMID- 3356324
TI  - Assessment of mineral dust cytotoxicity toward rat alveolar macrophages using a
      51Cr release assay.
AB  - An assay was developed to assess the cytotoxicity of mineral dust by measuring
      release of 51Cr from prelabeled rat alveolar macrophages. Optimal conditions for
      the assay are described, the most notable being use of 2% albumin instead of
      fetal calf serum. The assay demonstrated loss of label into the supernatant when
      prelabeled macrophages were cultured with the two pathogenic mineral dusts,
      quartz and chrysotile asbestos. In contrast the inert mineral dust titanium
      dioxide had very little effect on 51Cr release by rat alveolar macrophages.

PMID- 3356325
TI  - [Applicability of micronucleus analysis for testing the aneuploid cell level in
      mouse bone marrow subjected to the action of different mutagenic factors].
AB  - The results of parallel studies in murine bone marrow of aneuploid cells' level
      and of micronuclei cells under the action of different mutagenic factors (X
      irradiation, ethanol, measles virus and colchicine) are presented. The
      correlation analysis demonstrated the absence of correlation for the indices
      studied, in most cases. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3356326
TI  - Community based care. All change at Chiswick.

PMID- 3356327
TI  - Under stress: guilty as charged?

PMID- 3356328
TI  - Crisis and the elderly.

PMID- 3356329
TI  - Unique edition. Interview by Laura Swaffield.

PMID- 3356330
TI  - Respite care: a question of caring.

PMID- 3356331
TI  - Residents' committee: longterm support.

PMID- 3356332
TI  - Treating osteoporosis: boning up.

PMID- 3356333
TI  - What's in a name.

PMID- 3356334
TI  - Winter of discontent.

PMID- 3356335
TI  - Cellular pattern of photosynthetic gene expression in developing maize leaves.
AB  - Leaf development in C4 plants such as maize involves the differentiation of two
      photosynthetic cell types [bundle sheath (BS) and mesophyll (M)] to form Kranz
      type leaf anatomy. This cellular dimorphism partitions photosynthetic activities
      so that each enzyme of the C4 pathway accumulates only in the appropriate cell
      type. We have exploited this property to study BS and M cell interactions in
      developing maize leaves. Our previous studies showed that C4 proteins appear
      concurrently with the appearance of Kranz anatomy. To look at earlier events in
      BS and M cell development we have used three of the corresponding C4 mRNAs as
      cell-specific markers. We have followed, in situ, the accumulation of malic
      enzyme (ME), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and ribulose bisphosphate
      carboxylase (RuBPCase) mRNAs in developing leaves of both normal and mutant
      argentia (ar) maize. We have isolated a partial cDNA clone for maize ME to
      examine ME mRNA expression. We show that throughout the development of light
      grown seedlings, all three mRNAs accumulate in a cell-specific fashion in both
      normal and ar leaves. The pattern of C4 mRNA accumulation longitudinally along
      the veins, laterally across the leaf, and locally around individual veins reveals
      the spatial and temporal sequence of BS and M cell development. BS cell-specific
      mRNAs accumulate around developing veins before Kranz anatomy is evident
      morphologically. Our analysis of the ar mutant, in which C4 mRNA appearance is
      delayed relative to the appearance of Kranz anatomy, demonstrates first that BS
      and M cells develop in clusters across the leaf blade and second that BS cells
      surrounding any individual vein are activated asynchronously. We discuss our
      results in relation to models and mechanisms of BS and M cell development.

PMID- 3356336
TI  - Isolation of chicken vitellogenin I and III cDNAs and the developmental
      regulation of five estrogen-responsive genes in the embryonic liver.
AB  - The isolation of cDNA clones that code for portions of the two minor chicken
      vitellogenin (VTG) genes (VTGI and VTGIII) is reported. These clones represent
      unique sequences that are expressed exclusively in the livers of estrogenized
      birds. In the liver of the egg-laying hen, the levels of RNAs encoding VTGI,
      VTGII, and VTGIII are approximately 11,000, 30,000, and 3,000 molecules per cell,
      respectively. We have used the newly isolated clones, as well as the yolk protein
      cDNAs previously available [VTGII, apolipoprotein II (apoVLDLII), and
      apolipoprotein B], as probes to examine several aspects of the regulation of
      these genes by estradiol. First, we demonstrate that the capacity of each gene to
      respond to estradiol is acquired between 8 and 13 days in ovo. The response of
      four of these genes to estradiol is diminished during late fetal development, but
      the responsiveness is recovered within a week after hatching. Second, we
      demonstrate that these genes display distinct kinetic response profiles following
      the addition of estradiol. Third, as has been described previously for the VTGII
      and apoVLDLII genes, we demonstrate that a single injection of estradiol effects
      a long-term reprogramming event (hepatic memory) that allows a faster onset of
      the rapid accumulation of both VTGI and VTGIII RNAs following a subsequent
      rechallenge by estradiol. Collectively, these three sets of data suggest
      molecular parameters that may contribute to both the coordinate and noncoordinate
      regulation of this set of genes by estradiol.

PMID- 3356337
TI  - Limited transcription of rat elastase I transgene repeats in transgenic mice.
AB  - The rat elastase I (EI) regulatory region is an enhancer that directs efficient
      pancreas-specific transcription of linked genes integrated in the chromosomes of
      transgenic mice. However, with increasing numbers of tandemly repeated EI
      transgenes, the transcription rate per gene decreased. This decrease was not due
      to a titration of essential transcription factors, because transgenic mice with
      as many as 250 copies of the rat EI enhancer continued transcription of the
      endogenous mouse EI gene at its normal rate. Furthermore, when transgenic mice
      bearing 250 EI genes and mice bearing 7 copies of an EI enhancer-directed human
      growth hormone (hGh) gene were mated to produce mice with two unlinked arrays of
      EI enhancer-driven transgenes, each array was transcribed at the same rate as in
      mice bearing each array separately. Long tandem arrays of transgenes may inhibit
      efficient transcription despite the presence of ample amounts of essential
      transcription factors. Although the transcription rate of the mouse EI gene was
      not affected by the presence of large numbers of transgenes, the amounts of mouse
      elastase I and elastase II mRNAs were decreased in the presence of high levels of
      transgene mRNA, indicating an adjustment of the cell mRNA population.

PMID- 3356338
TI  - Expression of the gene for ribosomal protein L1 in Xenopus embryos: alteration of
      gene dosage by microinjection.
AB  - Cloned gene for Xenopus ribosomal protein L1 was injected into fertilized eggs,
      and its expression was analyzed during the period of embryo development when the
      mRNAs produced by the endogenous ribosomal protein genes are still silent due to
      a translational control. The injected genes replicated extensively, and a 10-fold
      excess of L1 mature transcript accumulated in the embryo. This was accompanied by
      a small amount of incompletely processed L1 RNA that still contained one out of
      nine introns, a molecule never observed in normal conditions. The excess mature
      L1 mRNA was distributed between polysomes and messenger ribonucleoproteins
      (mRNPs) in the same relative proportion observed in control embryos of the same
      stage. Therefore, more L1 mRNA was loaded onto polysomes and caused the
      appearance of L1 protein when this was not yet detectable in control embryos. The
      results suggest a relationship between the excess amount of L1 protein and the
      alteration in processing of its transcripts.

PMID- 3356340
TI  - [Role and tasks of industrial hygiene in the restructuring of public health].

PMID- 3356339
TI  - In vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed gene.
AB  - An enzyme system that accurately initiates transcription of the engrailed gene
      has been prepared from Drosophila embryos. The system has been separated
      chromatographically into two fractions, both of which are required for specific
      engrailed transcription. DNase footprint and competition analysis detected at
      least two sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins in one of these two fractions.
      Together, these proteins bind to eight regions within 400 bp of the transcription
      initiation sites. Most of the regions containing these binding sites are required
      for manimal engrailed transcription in vitro. In addition, a region downstream
      from the initiation sites and within the first 40 residues of the transcription
      unit is essential for transcription. Transient in vivo expression assays
      indicated that these same upstream and downstream sequences are required for
      transcription in Drosophila tissue culture cells.

PMID- 3356341
TI  - [Relation of the toxicity and physicochemical properties of nonorganic
      multicomponent dusts in metallurgical plants].

PMID- 3356342
TI  - [Cytologic study of the bronchi in the differential diagnosis of active
      siderosilicotuberculosis and siderosilicosis].

PMID- 3356343
TI  - [The role of hereditary factors in dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 3356344
TI  - [Immunohematologic changes as an indicator of the biological action of asbestos
      containing dust].

PMID- 3356345
TI  - [Study of the activation of alveolar macrophages in the rabbit by dust with
      different degrees of fibrogenicity using the NBT test].

PMID- 3356347
TI  - [Progress of industrial hygiene in the petroleum-refining industry].

PMID- 3356346
TI  - [Physiologic and hygienic aspects of improving the organization of the work of
      mine rescue units].

PMID- 3356348
TI  - [Treatment of patients with dust-induced bronchitis taking into consideration the
      state of the indices of reactivity].

PMID- 3356349
TI  - [Method of detecting the preclinical stage of dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 3356350
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity of animals to the inhalation of grape wort aerosols].

PMID- 3356351
TI  - [Experimental data for the substantiation of the maximum allowable concentration
      of meta-aminophenol in the air of work areas].

PMID- 3356352
TI  - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of inflammatory-destructive and fibrous
      processes in dust-induced diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 3356353
TI  - Simultaneous protective and damaging effects of cysteamine on intracellular DNA
      of leukocytes.
AB  - Incubation of human leukocytes with cysteamine can lead to the induction of DNA
      strand breaks. The induction of breaks is biphasic with increasing concentration
      of scavenger. The number of breaks increases in a dose-dependent manner to a
      maximum and then decreases at higher concentrations. Catalase has been shown to
      prevent the production of breaks, indicating an involvement of hydrogen peroxide.
      Cysteamine reacts with oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide but at higher
      concentrations it also reacts with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the biphasic effect
      of cysteamine on leukocyte DNA may be due to the sum of two separate reaction
      pathways. (i) Cysteamine reacts with oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide which
      leads to DNA strand breakage. (ii) At higher concentrations, it eliminates
      hydrogen peroxide by reacting with it, thereby protecting the cellular DNA. Other
      antioxidant scavengers such as WR2721, acetylcysteine and ascorbate can also
      autooxidize to produce strand breaks. Thiourea and tetramethylurea do not. When
      tested for their ability to protect cells against DNA damage from added H2O2, the
      agent which most damaging by itself, cysteamine, was also the most protective.

PMID- 3356354
TI  - Modulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) activity in
      mice.
AB  - Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was assessed in the liver,
      kidney, lung and blood of mice from seven strains (129/ReJ, BALB/c, C3H/HeSnJ,
      C3H/S, C57BL/6J, Csb, and S.W.) at five ages (newborn, 21, 70, 175 and +500 days
      old). Activity was highest in the liver (0.25 U/mg protein) followed by blood
      hemolysate (0.16 U/mg protein) with kidney and lung displaying similar,
      comparatively lower levels of activity (0.14 and 0.12 U/mg protein respectively).
      Although activity was shown by statistical analysis to be not significantly
      different among the strains (p = 0.05), age-associated, strain-specific changes
      in enzyme activity were noted to be highly significant (p = 0.001). Also, ethanol
      administered in drinking water resulted in a marked reduction in selenium
      dependent glutathione peroxidase activity during both short- (1-2 weeks) and long
      (5-6 weeks) term treatment periods. Changes in this enzyme due to aging and
      after exposure to xenobiotics such as ethanol may have serious ramifications
      given the importance of this enzyme in the detoxification of reactive oxygen
      metabolites.

PMID- 3356355
TI  - Lipid peroxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in tissue
      slices: characterization and comparison with homogenates and microsomes.
AB  - Liver slices were used to measure lipid peroxidation induced by
      bromotrichloromethane, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), or ferrous iron. The
      responses of liver homogenates and microsomes to oxidative conditions were
      compared with the response of tissue slices. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by
      the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). As was
      observed in homogenates and microsomes, TBARS production by liver slices depended
      upon the amount of tissue, the incubation time, inducer, the amount of inducer,
      and the presence of antioxidant. Control liver slices incubated at 37 degrees C
      for 2 h produced 19 nmol of TBARS per g of liver. When slices were incubated in
      the presence of 1 mM BrCCl3, 1 mM t-BOOH, or 50 microM ferrous iron, TBARS
      production increased 4.6-, 8.2-, or 6.7-fold over the control value,
      respectively. Comparable induction of TBARS by liver homogenates and microsomes
      was observed when these preparations were incubated with the same inducers.
      Addition of 5 microM butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) prevented the induction of
      TBARS by 50 microM ferrous iron by liver slices. The results indicate the
      usefulness of tissue slices to measure lipid peroxidation. The usefulness of
      tissue slices is emphasized when a number of compounds or tissues are studied and
      tissue integrity is desired as in toxicological, pharmacological, and nutritional
      studies where reduced numbers of experimental animals is a relevant issue.

PMID- 3356356
TI  - Does measurement of yield pressure at the cardia during endoscopy provide
      information on the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter mechanism?
AB  - We describe a technique for measuring the yield pressure at the cardia during
      upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The test was applied to 47 patients with
      macroscopic oesophagitis and nine patients with achalasia. Controls were 123
      patients from the routine endoscopy list in whom no abnormality was found and 21
      healthy volunteers. Yield pressure was similar in both control groups, but was
      significantly higher in achalasia (p less than 0.001) and lower in oesophagitis
      (p less than 0.001). Yield pressures fell dramatically after pneumatic dilatation
      in the achalasia patients. The test was reproducible and yield pressure was not
      affected by age, sex, weight, or sedation. Measurement of yield pressure during
      endoscopy provides information which may reflect the function of the whole
      antireflux mechanism, and not just the lower oesophageal sphincter.

PMID- 3356357
TI  - Effect of treatment on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease: a randomised
      prospective trial.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and cimetidine
      on Campylobacter pylori in peptic disease. In 74% of 135 patients with peptic
      disease diagnosed at endoscopy C pylori was detected before treatment. Compared
      with cimetidine, colloidal bismuth subcitrate significantly decreased the
      incidence of C pylori after six weeks of treatment (p less than 0.001). In the
      colloidal bismuth subcitrate group, subsequent healing of the lesion was
      correlated with the clearance of C pylori, unlike in the cimetidine group. C
      pylori was strongly associated with the presence of histological gastritis, which
      was decreased by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 3356358
TI  - Acid stimulated alkaline secretion in the rabbit duodenum is passive and
      correlates with mucosal damage.
AB  - Low luminal acid concentrations stimulate alkaline secretion (AS) by the duodenal
      mucosa. We investigated acid stimulated alkaline secretion by proximal rabbit
      duodenal mucosa in an Ussing-chamber under different luminal acid concentrations
      and its relation to mucosal damage. Luminal alkalinisation and potential
      difference (PD) were measured and mucosal damage was investigated histologically.
      Luminal acid caused an increase of alkaline secretion over baseline (0.95 +/-
      0.19 mu Eq/cm2/10 min; n = 55): 0.1 mmol: 7%, 1 mmol/l: 17%, 5 mmol/l: 22%, 10
      mmol/l: 33%, 20 mmol/l: 34%, 50 mmol: 39%, 100 mmol/l: 27%. At acid
      concentrations of 10 mmol/l and above the PD fell from 2.0 +/- 1.0 mV to zero.
      Histology showed [H+]-dependent mucosal damage ranging from villus tip lesions to
      deep mucosal injury. Stimulation of alkaline secretion was not specific for acid.
      Ethanol (14%) stimulated alkaline secretion by 26%, and 28% ethanol by 40% over
      baseline. Ouabain and/or anoxia sensitive (active) alkaline secretion constituted
      80% and 100% respectively of basal alkaline secretion. After exposure to various
      luminal acid concentrations passive diffusion (sensitive only to removal of
      nutrient HCO3-) was solely responsible for the rise in alkaline secretion. Only
      after 14% ethanol a small rise in ouabain and/or anoxia sensitive HCO3- transport
      was observed. Under the conditions of this study stimulation of duodenal alkaline
      secretion is not specific for luminal acid, but occurs also with luminal ethanol;
      both agents stimulate alkaline secretion depending on their concentration. In
      this model passive diffusion of HCO3- associated with increasing mucosal damage
      is the major component of the rise in alkaline secretion.

PMID- 3356359
TI  - Risk factors for healing of duodenal ulcer under antacid treatment: do ulcer
      patients need individual treatment?
AB  - In order to identify the risk factors affecting the healing of duodenal ulcer, a
      clinical trial with effective dose of antacid was carried out in 53 patients.
      Duration of ulcer history, number of relapses, duration of the last and present
      relapse, number, duration and severity of pain attacks in the present ulcer
      relapse, pain radiation to back, vomiting, appetite, smoking habit, intake of
      analgesics and previous haemorrhage were registered. Number of ulcers, ulcer
      depth, bublar narrowing, erosions, duodenitis at initial endoscopy and healing of
      ulcer were assessed by one endoscopist. Basic and peak acid output were measured.
      The extent of duodenitis on the site opposite the ulcer was determined by
      histological examination. Sixty per cent of the duodenal ulcers were healed after
      three weeks. By univariate analysis, the following factors affect the healing;
      pain radiation to back and pain duration during treatment (p less than 0.001),
      multiple or deep ulcers, narrowing of duodenal bulb (p less than 0.01), number of
      pain attacks and poor appetite (p less than 0.05). By the stepwise logistic
      regression model, the following factors were selected as predictors for healing
      of duodenal ulcer with 76% correct classification: pain radiation to back (p =
      0.002), deep ulcer (p = 0.013), multiple ulcers (p = 0.028). Number of
      cigarettes/day (p less than 0.007) and male sex (p = 0.036). By this model, the
      prediction of healing could be accurately assessed in 78% in a new sample.
      Individual treatment should be carried out on the basis of these factors.

PMID- 3356360
TI  - Early cancer of the gastric remnant.
AB  - Early carcinoma of the gastric remnant was diagnosed in 19 patients between
      January 1976 and January 1986. In all patients early cancer was suspected at
      endoscopy and confirmed by biopsy and histology. The main reason for endoscopic
      examination was diffuse epigastric pain suggestive of stump gastritis. The
      surgical procedure was stump gastrectomy. Two of the 19 patients were not
      operated on because of advanced age. In contrast with the poor prognosis of
      patients with cancers of the gastric remnant of tumour stages T2 to T4 according
      to the TNM-classification regardless of their NM-stage, patients with tumour
      stage T1N0 and T1N1 have a good prognosis.

PMID- 3356361
TI  - Effect of meal temperature on gastric emptying of liquids in man.
AB  - Serial studies were carried out on six healthy volunteers (19-24 years) to
      investigate the effect of meal temperature [either 4 degrees C (cold), 37 degrees
      C (control) or 50 degrees C (warm)] on the rate of gastric emptying of a
      radiolabelled isosmotic drink of orange juice. The mean maximum intragastric
      temperature occurred 60 seconds after the onset of ingestion of the warm drink
      and reached 43.0 degrees C (0.4) mean (SD) while the mean minimum intragastric
      temperature occurred 45 seconds after the onset of ingestion of the cold drink
      and reached 21.2 degrees C (1.9). Intragastric temperature then returned to body
      temperature within 20-30 minutes of ingestion of the warm and cold drinks. Warm
      and cold drinks appeared to empty from the stomach more slowly than the control
      drink. The initial rate of gastric emptying of the cold drink was significantly
      slower than the control drink (p less than 0.05) and the difference in emptying
      rates between cold and control drinks were significantly correlated with the
      differences in intragastric temperatures (p less than 0.01). The difference in
      the initial emptying rates between warm and control drinks were not statistically
      significant.

PMID- 3356362
TI  - Comparisons of the effects on satiety and eating behaviour of infusion of lipid
      into the different regions of the small intestine.
AB  - Food intake and feelings of hunger and fullness were monitored in paired studies
      carried out in two groups of six healthy non-obese male volunteers during
      infusion of isotonic solutions of either a 50% corn oil emulsion or saline into
      the jejunum or into the ileum. Infusion of the lipid emulsion at a rate of 1.2
      ml/min (4.9 kcal/min) into either the ileum or the jejunum significantly reduced
      the period of eating (p less than 0.01) and the quantity of food consumed (p less
      than 0.01), but neither affected the rates of drinking or the amount of fluid
      consumed. Infusion of the lipid emulsion into the jejunum also significantly
      reduced the sensations of hunger before the meal (p less than 0.05), and the rate
      of ingestion (p less than 0.01). Ileal infusion did not influence these indices.
      The results suggest that jejunal and ileal infusion of lipid reduces the size of
      the meal that could be consumed possibly by inhibiting gastric emptying. The
      alleviation of hunger before ingestion and the slower rate of eating, however,
      suggests that jejunal lipid activates an additional mechanism that influences the
      appetite centre in the hypothalamus directly.

PMID- 3356363
TI  - Effect of codeine and loperamide on upper intestinal transit and absorption in
      normal subjects and patients with postvagotomy diarrhoea.
AB  - Patients with chronic severe diarrhoea after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty
      are often difficult to treat using conventional antidiarrhoeal drugs and remain
      severely disabled. We examined the effect of two drugs, codeine phosphate and
      loperamide, on upper intestinal transit and carbohydrate absorption, measured non
      invasively by serial exhaled breath hydrogen monitoring, in patients with
      postvagotomy diarrhoea who had previously failed to gain relief from drug
      therapy. Orocaecal transit was consistently faster in these patients than a group
      of controls and was associated with malabsorption of glucose. Codeine phosphate
      60 mg significantly delayed transit in patients and controls and was associated
      with a reduction in glucose malabsorption and improvement in symptoms. Loperamide
      also delayed transit and improved symptoms, but the doses required for this
      effect (12-24 mg) were higher than usually considered necessary in secretory
      diarrhoea. These studies indicate that rapid intestinal nutrient transit and
      associated malabsorption is a factor in the development of diarrhoea postvagotomy
      and that symptomatic relief can be achieved in most patients by more rational use
      of existing drugs.

PMID- 3356364
TI  - Secretory effect of azodisalicylate (azodisal sodium) on the short circuited
      mucosa of the rat ileum in vitro.
AB  - Azodisalicylate (ADS) is one of the newly developed substitutes of sulphasalazine
      consisting of two molecules of 5-amino-salicylic acid. Azodisalicylate caused
      diarrhoea in some patients, apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue
      action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited
      isolated mucosa of the rat ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the potential
      difference (PD) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4)
      mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial
      resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100
      mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc
      was associated with a change of net chloride absorption into net secretion. Net
      sodium absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes
      were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with
      furosemide inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular
      pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of prostaglandins is not
      involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with indomethacin did
      not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as
      a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular
      pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two
      molecules of the non-secretagogue 5-amino-salicylic acid in the colon, however,
      diarrhoea may develop only in patients with a decreased absorptive capacity of
      the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

PMID- 3356365
TI  - Symptoms and stool patterns in patients with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - The prevalence of symptoms and stool patterns was assessed prospectively in 96
      patients with ulcerative colitis subdivided according to the extent and activity
      of the disease. Increased frequency of defecation (83%), urgency (85%), a feeling
      of incomplete evacuation (78%) and tenesmus (63%) were the most frequent symptoms
      experienced by patients with active colitis. All were significantly more common
      (p less than 0.001) in patients with active than quiescent colitis and their
      prevalence was similar in those with total and distal colitis, indicating that
      these symptoms are related to an inflamed and irritable distal colon. Twenty
      seven per cent of patients with active colitis voided hard stools indicative of
      constipation, however, and this was more common in active, than quiescent colitis
      (p less than 0.05). This feature is probably secondary to faecal stasis in the
      proximal colon, and an apt description of the bowel disturbance in ulcerative
      colitis, irrespective of the extent of disease is that the colon suffers from
      proximal constipation and distal irritability.

PMID- 3356366
TI  - Cardiff Crohn's disease jubilee: the incidence over 50 years.
AB  - The incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff between 1931 and 1985 has been
      examined using hospital diagnostic indices supplemented in recent years by
      records from clinicians, and the departments of pathology and radiology. Four
      hundred and seven new patients were confirmed after all notes had been reviewed.
      There has been a large increase from 0.18 cases/10(5) of the population per year
      in the 1930s to current values of 8.3/10(5)/year. The incidence continues to rise
      and shows an increasing proportion of patients with colorectal disease. Peak age
      specific incidences occur in the third and eighth decades of life.

PMID- 3356367
TI  - Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease. A case control study.
AB  - A population case controlled study of smoking habits at the time of diagnosis was
      done in 260 patients with ulcerative colitis and 144 with Crohn's disease.
      Smokers had a decreased risk of acquiring ulcerative colitis in comparison with
      never smokers (relative risk 0.7) which appeared to be dose dependent. In former
      smokers a rebound effect was seen, especially in former heavy smokers, where the
      risk was sharply increased (relative risk 4.4). No sex difference was recorded.
      Smoking doubled the risk of acquiring Crohn's disease without any dose dependent
      pattern. In former smokers a non-significantly increased risk was observed. This
      might be caused by a carry over effect after stopping smoking, however, which
      possibly is reduced by time. No sex difference was seen.

PMID- 3356368
TI  - Total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - The operation of total pancreatectomy is performed rarely. Its role in the
      management of patients with chronic pancreatitis remains to be elucidated. We
      have reviewed our series of 29 total pancreatectomies for benign disease [14
      women median age 39 years; 15 men median age 34 years]. Twelve underwent standard
      total pancreatectomy, in 17 duodenum preserving total pancreatectomy (DPTP) was
      performed. There was one death (mortality 3.4%). In no patient was the total
      pancreatectomy the first operative procedure. The patients were compared with age
      and sex matched diabetic control subjects selected on a best fit basis from the
      diabetic clinic database. The aetiology of the pancreatitis was idiopathic nine,
      pancreas divisum nine, alcohol eight and other causes three. The indication for
      surgery was pain 27, acute pancreatitis one and cholangitis with pancreatitis
      one. The complications of the procedures were mainly caused by infection [wound
      three, chest six and central line sepsis four] and in two there was a leak from
      the duodenum; no patient required re-operation. The postoperative stay [standard
      total, median 21 days (range 13-98) DPTP median 31 days (range 17-49)] has
      lengthened over the period due to greater attention to analgesic, diabetic and
      enzyme deficiency control before discharge. In standard total pancreatectomy
      there were five major hypoglycaemic episodes with only two in 17 DPTP patients.
      The per cent ideal body weight, the insulin requirement and the HbAl compared
      less well in standard total pancreatectomy group compared with controls than did
      DPTP. With both groups large doses of enzyme replacement were required, and this
      proved of importance in diabetic control. Our experience with total
      pancreatectomy suggests that pain will be improved in over 80% of patients and
      that the results of surgery will improve with prolonged follow up provided
      attention is given to analgesic abuse, enzyme deficiency and diabetes.

PMID- 3356369
TI  - Unconjugated bilirubin and the bile from light exposed Gunn rats inhibit
      intestinal water and electrolyte absorption.
AB  - Jaundiced babies undergoing phototherapy often develop diarrhoea. The cause of it
      is still uncertain. Increasing evidence supports a role of a secretory mechanism
      for the diarrhoea. We therefore studied the effects of bile from congenitally
      jaundiced rats undergoing phototherapy and of unconjugated bilirubin on rat small
      intestine in vivo and in vitro. Results suggest that: (1) the bile from
      homozygous Gunn rats under phototherapy has an anti-absorptive effect when tested
      in the perfused jejunum of normal Wistar rats; (2) unconjugated bilirubin has a
      dose dependent secretory effect on the intestinal transport of water and
      electrolytes, when tested in the same system. Alteration of cyclic AMP or cyclic
      GMP, known intracellular mediators of secretion, was not observed. We conclude
      that free bilirubin is an intestinal secretagogue acting by an as yet unknown
      mechanism, that may mediate the secretory type of diarrhoea in jaundiced neonates
      undergoing phototherapy.

PMID- 3356371
TI  - Dietary salt intake and epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3356370
TI  - Bone histomorphometry and structure in corticosteroid treated chronic active
      hepatitis.
AB  - Transiliac biopsies from 34 female patients with corticosteroid treated chronic
      active hepatitis have been examined to determine the contributions made by
      decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption to bone loss associated
      with this condition and to determine the structural basis of the bone loss. Mean
      wall thickness was significantly reduced when compared with control values (p
      less than 0.001) as was the bone formation rate at tissue (p less than 0.005) and
      basic multicellular unit (p less than 0.005) level. The osteoid maturation period
      and the bone formation period were significantly prolonged (p less than 0.02 and
      0.05). The total resorption surfaces were significantly increased (p less than
      0.02) but the mean interstitial bone thickness was normal. The mean trabecular
      plate thickness was significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). These findings
      indicate that decreased bone formation plays a major role in bone loss associated
      with corticosteroid treated chronic active hepatitis and that the structural
      basis of bone loss is trabecular thinning.

PMID- 3356372
TI  - Psychological factors in the irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3356373
TI  - Continuous oesophageal pH-monitoring.

PMID- 3356374
TI  - Maintaining CPR skills in the nursing home.

PMID- 3356375
TI  - Structured learning guides in gerontology: Part II.

PMID- 3356376
TI  - A recovery group for elderly alcoholics.

PMID- 3356377
TI  - Using nursing skills instead of restraints.

PMID- 3356378
TI  - Oral potassium supplements.

PMID- 3356379
TI  - Our national sweet tooth.

PMID- 3356381
TI  - Weighing the benefits.

PMID- 3356380
TI  - Renewal, not burnout.

PMID- 3356382
TI  - Left out, but not forgotten.

PMID- 3356383
TI  - An ongoing debate.

PMID- 3356384
TI  - Education works!

PMID- 3356385
TI  - Info on alcoholics' groups.

PMID- 3356386
TI  - Meeting needs and creating opportunities.

PMID- 3356387
TI  - An in-service program that worked.

PMID- 3356388
TI  - [Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum].

PMID- 3356389
TI  - [Identifying the primary lesion in metastatic cancer of unknown origin in a
      department of family medicine].

PMID- 3356390
TI  - [The fetal primidone syndrome].

PMID- 3356391
TI  - [Brachial plexus injuries in Israeli soldiers].

PMID- 3356392
TI  - [Reiter's syndrome following recurrent gonococcal urethritis].

PMID- 3356393
TI  - [The roles of the pediatrician and the family physician in the prevention of
      dental caries].

PMID- 3356394
TI  - [Transdermal treatment of hypertension].

PMID- 3356395
TI  - [Role of bacterial infection in peptic ulcer disease].

PMID- 3356397
TI  - FNS Employee Wellness Program.

PMID- 3356396
TI  - Julie (cerebral palsy).

PMID- 3356398
TI  - Mary Breckinridge Hospital--a fresh perspective.

PMID- 3356399
TI  - James Mosley remembers his heart attack.

PMID- 3356400
TI  - Large-volume paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense ascites: its effect
      on intravascular volume.
AB  - In patients with portal hypertension and tense ascites, large-volume paracentesis
      improves patient comfort and may improve systemic hemodynamics. However, it has
      been avoided in nonedematous patients because of concern for complications,
      including intravascular volume depletion. In this study, 12 nonedematous patients
      with chronic liver disease, portal hypertension and tense ascites underwent 14
      large-volume (5-liter) paracenteses for the relief of discomfort and/or
      respiratory distress. Plasma volume was measured directly by a dilution method
      with 125I-labeled human serum albumin prior to and at 24 or 48 hr after 13 of the
      paracenteses. All patients felt better postparacentesis. No dizziness,
      hypotension, tachycardia, encephalopathy or change in mean serum sodium,
      creatinine or blood urea nitrogen occurred. Two patients experienced a decrease
      in hematocrit, which was not explained by blood loss or increase in plasma
      volume. Mean plasma volume was 3,713 +/- 129 ml (55.1 +/- 1.5 ml per kg ideal
      body weight) preparacentesis and 3,684 +/- 136 ml postparacentesis, the
      difference being -0.78% (p = 0.48, NS). Our results suggest that 5-liter
      paracentesis in nonedematous patients with tense portal hypertension-related
      ascites improves patient comfort and is not associated with a decrease in
      measured plasma volume.

PMID- 3356401
TI  - Intrahepatic pressure measurement: not an accurate reflection of portal vein
      pressure.
AB  - Previous studies have established the reliability of percutaneous portal venous
      pressure measurement using a Chiba needle, a procedure requiring fluoroscopic
      guidance. Intrahepatic pressure has been advocated by some as a simple and safe
      index of portal venous pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the
      reliability of intrahepatic pressure measurement and its relationship to portal
      venous pressure. Fifty patients requiring liver biopsy were included: 29 with
      cirrhosis (n = 20 micronodular, n = 9 macronodular) and 21 with various hepatic
      disorders but no cirrhosis. The procedure was performed under fluoroscopic
      guidance, using a Chiba needle connected to a manometer by a saline-filled
      catheter. Immediately prior to biopsy, each patient underwent measurement of: (i)
      3 to 5 separate intrahepatic pressures, the intraparenchymal site being inferred
      by the lack of blood or bile return; and (ii) portal and hepatic venous
      pressures, the intravascular position of the needle being ascertained by the
      reflux of blood and the vessel identified with injection of contrast.
      Intrahepatic pressure measurements showed great intraindividual variability
      (variation coefficient up to 115%). Mean intrahepatic pressure (13.19 +/- 8.32 mm
      Hg) was similar to portal venous pressure (14.43 +/- 6.10 mm Hg) in the
      noncirrhotics but significantly lower in the cirrhotics (intrahepatic pressure =
      18.34 +/- 8.82 mm Hg, portal venous pressure = 22.52 +/- 9.47 mm Hg; p less than
      0.01). The difference between these two parameters exceeded 3 mm Hg in 50% of
      patients (mean = 9 mm Hg, range = 4 to 19 mm Hg), both in cirrhotics and
      noncirrhotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356402
TI  - Is the magnetic resonance imaging proton spin-lattice relaxation time a reliable
      noninvasive parameter of developing liver fibrosis?
AB  - During the development of liver fibrosis in rats by an individual dose-titrated
      CCl4 administration, hepatic proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) has been
      measured in vivo every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Liver content of collagen,
      triglycerides and water has been measured biochemically in biopsy material. After
      4 weeks of CCl4 treatment, T1 increased significantly and remained at the same
      level, whereas liver collagen reached its maximum at 8 weeks. It is concluded
      that, under our experimental conditions, increased hepatic T1 represents drug
      induced edema and that hepatic T1 is not a reliable noninvasive parameter for
      developing liver fibrosis in vivo.

PMID- 3356403
TI  - Effect of vasodilators on hepatic microcirculation: a study of the inhibition of
      norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - We studied the effects of a series of 16 vasodilators on the intrahepatic
      vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine in the isolated perfused rat liver.
      The vasodilators were nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonists (phentolamine,
      ifenprofil, isoxsuprine and buflomedil), a nonselective beta-adrenergic
      antagonist (propranolol) and an agonist (isoproterenol), an alpha 2-adrenergic
      agonist (clonidine), calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem),
      nitrovasodilators (nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside), papaverine and other
      unclassified vasodilators, some of them with rheological properties (diazoxide,
      vincamine, cinepazide, naftidofuryl and pentoxifylline). The most potent drugs
      were ifenprofil, phentolamine, isoxsuprine, clonidine, sodium nitroprusside and
      buflomedil. Diazoxide, papaverine, pentoxifylline and trinitrine were less
      powerful. Verapamil, diltiazem, propranolol, isoproterenol, vincamine, cinepazide
      and naftidofuryl were ineffective. We conclude that different classes of
      pharmacological agents have significant vasodilatory properties on the hepatic
      microvasculature. This offers interesting perspectives in the treatment of
      cirrhosis and stressful states where high levels of circulating norepinephrine
      may contribute to the altered liver perfusion.

PMID- 3356404
TI  - The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on ornithine decarboxylase activity and
      liver regeneration.
AB  - The effects of ethanol on liver regeneration are poorly understood. Acute and
      chronic exposure to ethanol have been found to exert opposite effects on the
      induction of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine
      biosynthesis. Polyamines are necessary for DNA synthesis and liver regeneration
      after chemical or surgical liver injury. Short-term exposure to ethanol, which
      inhibits ornithine decarboxylase has been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis and
      liver regeneration, whereas more chronic exposure to ethanol increases ornithine
      decarboxylase activity and therefore could conceivably stimulate DNA synthesis
      and regeneration. To explore this later possibility, the effects of chronic
      ethanol consumption on ornithine decarboxylase activity, DNA synthesis and liver
      regeneration were studied in rats after sham laparotomy and partial hepatectomy.
      Chronic ethanol feeding failed to inhibit the induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase that occurred after partial hepatectomy and yet significantly
      inhibited posthepatectomy DNA synthesis and restitution of liver mass. These data
      suggest that the induction of hepatic polyamine biosynthesis is dissociated from
      DNA synthesis and liver regeneration after chronic consumption of ethanol.

PMID- 3356405
TI  - Lobular distribution of alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat liver.
AB  - The hepatic lobular localization of alcohol dehydrogenase was determined in male,
      female and castrated male rats. Alcohol dehydrogenase immunoreactive protein and
      activity were increased in female and castrated rats as compared to normal male
      rats. By immunohistochemistry, alcohol dehydrogenase protein was found localized
      principally in the perivenous area of the hepatic lobule in all of the animals.
      Alcohol dehydrogenase activity eluted from the male rat liver, during
      bidirectional digitonin perfusion, exhibited a pattern characteristic of
      cytosolic enzymes predominantly localized to the perivenous area. The elution of
      the enzyme was more rapid during cava-porta than porta-cava perfusion occurring
      in close association with the elution of glucokinase, an enzyme localized
      principally in the perivenous area. By contrast, elution of lactate
      dehydrogenase, which is located predominantly in the periportal area, preceded
      elution of alcohol dehydrogenase during porta-cava perfusion, but followed it
      during cava-porta perfusion. These differences were less apparent in the cava
      porta than in the porta-cava direction. The predominant localization of alcohol
      dehydrogenase immunoreactive protein and activity to the perivenous area of
      hepatic lobule was not affected by sexual difference or increase in the enzyme
      following castration.

PMID- 3356406
TI  - Elevation of acetylpolyamine levels in mouse tissues, serum and urine after
      treatment with radical-producing drugs and lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Polyamines and acetylpolyamines were analyzed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney,
      serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography on a column of cation
      exchange resin after administering various cytotoxic substances to male mice. All
      of the compounds tested more or less affected the tissue levels of polyamines,
      including putrescine, spermidine, spermine and acetylpolyamines (N1
      acetylspermidine and N1-acetylspermine). It was found that they were classified
      into two groups of substances: one group (including radical-producing drugs and
      lipopolysaccharide) which elevated the tissue levels of N1-acetylspermidine,
      especially in the liver, while another group of drugs (such as D-galactosamine
      and DL-ethionine) had little effect on the acetylpolyamine levels. When the
      acetylpolyamine levels rose, the levels of spermidine and spermine declined, and
      then putrescine levels were elevated. N1-Acetylspermine was detected only when N1
      acetylspermidine levels were very high after treatment with radical-producing
      drugs and lipopolysaccharide. Halogenated carbon, such as carbon tetrachloride
      and halothane, elevated the levels of acetylpolyamines especially in the liver,
      while paraquat elevated them in all tissues examined.

PMID- 3356407
TI  - Vitamin A hepatotoxicity in multiple family members.
AB  - Three of five family members experienced symptoms and biochemical evidence of
      hepatitis that could not be explained on the basis of infectious, metabolic or
      immunologic disorders of the liver. A history of prolonged ingestion of moderate
      amounts of vitamin A (20,000 to 45,000 IU per day for 7 to 10 years) was obtained
      in each of the three family members and was absent in the remaining two
      unaffected individuals. A liver biopsy performed in one family member confirmed
      the diagnosis of vitamin A toxicity. This report emphasizes the finding that even
      moderate amounts of vitamin A, when ingested over a prolonged period of time, can
      cause significant hepatocellular injury.

PMID- 3356408
TI  - Uptake and processing of [3H]retinoids in rat liver studied by electron
      microscopic autoradiography.
AB  - The role of rat liver cell organelles in retinoid uptake and processing was
      studied by electron microscopic autoradiography. [3H]Retinoids were administered
      either orally, to make an inventory of the cell organelles involved, or
      intravenously as chylomicron remnant constituents to study retinoid processing by
      the liver with time. No qualitative differences were observed between the two
      routes of administration. Time-related changes in the distribution of grains were
      studied using chylomicron remnant [3H]retinoids. The percentages of grains
      observed over cells and the space of Disse at 5 and 30 min after administration
      were, respectively: parenchymal cells, 72.6 and 70.4%; fat-storing cells, 5.0 and
      18.1%, and the space of Disse, 14.4 and 8.9%. Low numbers of grains were observed
      over endothelial and Kupffer cells. The percentages of grains observed over
      parenchymal cell organelles were, respectively: sinusoidal area, 59.6 and 34.4%;
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with glycogen, 13.8 and 13.4%;
      mitochondria, 5.4 and 13.6%; rough endoplasmic reticulum, 4.2 and 7.3%, and rough
      endoplasmic reticulum associated with mitochondria, 3.7 and 6.5%. It is concluded
      that chylomicron remnant [3H]retinoids in combination with electron microscopic
      autoradiography provide a good system to study the liver processing of retinoids
      in vivo. These results, obtained in the intact liver under physiological
      conditions, further substantiate that retinoids are processed through parenchymal
      cells before storage occurs in fat-storing cell lipid droplets, that retinoid
      uptake is not mediated through lysosomes and that the endoplasmic reticulum is a
      major organelle in retinoid processing.

PMID- 3356409
TI  - Plasma levels of pipecolic acid in patients with chronic liver disease.
AB  - Plasma levels of pipecolic acid, which is a minor metabolite of lysine, were
      determined by high-performance liquid chromatography in 22 patients with chronic
      liver disease, composed of 6 patients with chronic active hepatitis, 11 with
      liver cirrhosis and 5 with hepatocellular carcinoma. The plasma levels of
      pipecolic acid, when compared to those in normal subjects (1.00 +/- 0.08 nmoles
      per ml), were found to be significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) in patients
      with liver cirrhosis (1.93 +/- 0.24 nmoles per ml) and hepatocellular carcinoma
      (2.22 +/- 0.49 nmoles per ml), but did not show any significant change in
      patients with chronic active hepatitis. Plasma levels of pipecolic acid
      correlated positively with serum bile acid and bilirubin, and negatively with
      indocyanine green disappearance rate, cholinesterase and prothrombin time but not
      with plasma lysine levels. These results suggest that plasma levels of pipecolic
      acid increase almost parallel to the severity of liver damage, and that this
      increase in pipecolic acid may reflect the injury of liver peroxisomes which
      appear to be related to the degradation of pipecolic acid.

PMID- 3356410
TI  - The predominance of IgG3 and IgM isotype antimitochondrial autoantibodies against
      recombinant fused mitochondrial polypeptide in patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis.
AB  - Autoantibodies against inner mitochondrial membrane proteins are a hallmark of
      primary biliary cirrhosis. Specifically, these antimitochondrial autoantibodies
      recognize two polypeptides of approximately 70 and 52 kD, respectively. Although
      the specificity of antimitochondrial autoantibodies has been studied for the past
      2 decades, the complementary DNA encoding the major primary biliary cirrhosis
      specific 70 kD antigen has only recently been cloned. The availability of the
      recombinant autoantigen has resulted in the development of a highly sensitive and
      specific ELISA to detect antimitochondrial autoantibodies and to determine their
      immunoglobulin isotypes. We report herein that IgG3 is the predominant isotype of
      antimitochondrial autoantibodies in a group of 74 primary biliary cirrhosis
      patients. This finding is significant in light of the genomic immunoglobulin in
      heavy chain gene arrangement. Ninety-three per cent of primary biliary cirrhosis
      patients possessed IgG3 antimitochondrial autoantibodies with titers of 1:10(3)
      or higher; 32% of these patients possessed titers of 10(4), 29% at 10(5) and 7%
      at 10(6). IgM antimitochondrial autoantibodies were next most prevalent; 63% of
      the patients were positive and 50% of these patients showed titers of 10(3), 43%
      at 10(4) and 6% at 10(5). Other isotypes were present but in much lower titer and
      occurrence. Isotypes of antimitochondrial autoantibodies reactive to the 52 kD
      antigen were also determined using immunoblotting techniques. The predominance of
      IgG3 and IgM were similarly observed. Finally, the serum immunoglobulin isotype
      levels of primary biliary cirrhosis patients were compared with healthy normal
      adults by radial immunodiffusion. Serum IgG3 and IgM were very elevated in
      primary biliary cirrhosis; with IgG3 at 5.5-fold and IgM at 4.3-fold above
      normals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356411
TI  - Interactions between isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in iron metabolism: a
      possible role for ferritin as an iron carrier protein.
AB  - Like the rat peritoneal macrophage, the isolated Kupffer cell is capable of
      processing and releasing iron acquired by phagocytosis of immunosensitized
      homologous red blood cells. When erythrophagocytosis is restrained to levels
      which do not affect cell viability, about one red cell per macrophage, close to
      50% of iron acquired from red cells is released within 24 hr in the form of
      ferritin. Immunoradiometric assay of the extracellular medium indicates that 160
      ng ferritin are released by 10(6) Kupffer cells after 24-hr incubation at 37
      degrees C. Iron release is temperature-dependent, the rate at 37 degrees C being
      nearly 5-fold greater than at 4 degrees C. As estimated by sucrose-gradient
      ultracentrifugation, ferritin released by the erythrophagocytosing Kupffer cell
      averages 2,400 iron atoms per molecule. When reincubated with isolated
      hepatocytes, this released ferritin is rapidly taken up by the cells. Via this
      process, hepatocytes may accumulate more than 160,000 iron atoms per cell per
      min. Such accumulation is not impeded by the presence of iron-loaded transferrin
      in the culture medium, but is markedly depressed by rat liver ferritin. In
      contrast to the conservation of transferrin during its interaction with
      hepatocytes, the protein shell of the ferritin molecule is rapidly degraded into
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble fragments. Ferritin-mediated transfer of iron from
      Kupffer cells to hepatocytes may help explain the resistance of the liver to iron
      deficiency as well as the liver's susceptibility to iron overload.

PMID- 3356412
TI  - Regionality of glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis in the liver lobule of the rat:
      metabolic heterogeneity of "portal" and "septal" sinusoids.
AB  - To investigate intercellular compartmentation of liver metabolism, we have
      recently introduced new procedures for quantitative assessment of metabolic liver
      cell heterogeneity both along sinusoids of portal and septal origins as well as
      at the level of the parenchymal unit, and also for three-dimensional imaging of
      enzyme and metabolite distribution. As part of the evaluation of the role of
      metabolic liver cell heterogeneity for the regulation of net substrate flux in
      the glucose-6-phosphatase/glucokinase system, and for the reduction of of these
      antagonistic enzymes, these techniques were used on livers from male rats. They
      served to obtain distribution data on glucose-6-phosphatase (the hydrolytic
      component of the glucose-6-phosphatase/glucokinase system) and its substrate,
      glucose-6-P, during the postresorptive phase (i.e., a metabolic state of net
      glucose release). Glucose-6-phosphatase (Vmax) and glucose-6-P were shown to
      decrease along the sinusoidal axis, and values of both parameters were
      significantly higher along sinusoids of portal than septal origin. Distribution
      of in vivo rates of glucose-6-P hydrolysis indicates the importance of metabolite
      distribution for in vivo regulation of liver cell function, insofar as it
      considerably increases the degree of heterogeneity among hepatocytes over that
      maximal rates of glucose formation. Histo- and microchemical data support the
      concept of a "lobular parenchymal unit" composed of "primary lobules," and
      justify the conclusion that hepatocyte function, in addition to the hormonal and
      nutritional states of the animal, not only depends upon cell location along the
      sinusoidal axis, but also on the origin of sinusoids.

PMID- 3356413
TI  - Phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 b,e genes is dependent on protein
      synthesis.
AB  - Phenobarbital induces liver cytochrome P-450 b,e proteins mainly by increasing
      the rate of transcription of these genes. The mechanism responsible for the
      phenobarbital increment in the rate of transcription of cytochrome P-450 b,e
      genes is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess whether active
      protein synthesis was needed for phenobarbital to induce the liver cytochrome P
      450 b,e genes. Cycloheximide (2 mg per kg, i.p.) was administered 90 min prior to
      a single inductive dose of phenobarbital (80 mg per kg, i.p.) and mRNAS measured
      at 3, 6 and 12 hr by dot-blot hybridization. While phenobarbital increased
      cytochrome P-450 b,e mRNAs about 12-fold at 3 hr, this induction was abolished by
      cycloheximide. To define whether the absence of protein synthesis in hepatocytes
      inhibited the phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450 at the transcriptional
      level, in vitro transcription rates using isolated nuclei were measured. After
      phenobarbital administration, there was about a 20-fold increment in
      transcriptional rate of cytochrome P-450 b,e genes. This increment was abolished
      by prior injection of cycloheximide. It is proposed that either preexisting
      regulatory proteins or transacting factors dependent on active protein synthesis
      participate in the regulation of liver cytochrome P-450 b,e gene transcription
      after phenobarbital.

PMID- 3356415
TI  - Cholesterol nucleation-influencing activity in T-tube bile.
AB  - Nucleation-influencing activity was determined in T-tube bile samples derived
      from patients with obstructive jaundice. Since native T-tube bile samples do not
      nucleate, nucleation-influencing activity was determined by measuring the
      influence of T-tube bile on the nucleation time of model bile. In the assay, T
      tube bile was mixed with model bile, and the nucleation time of this mixture was
      compared with the nucleation time of a model bile supplemented with the same
      amount of lipid as present in the bile sample. The results were expressed as
      ratio of the nucleation time of the mixture and the nucleation time of the
      control (NTm/NTc). There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between
      bile samples from patients with cholesterol gallstones and samples from patients
      with biliary obstruction due to other causes. More than 80% of the 33 samples
      from eight patients with stones were nucleation-promoting (NTm/NTc less than or
      equal to 0.6). Of the 40 bile samples from patients without stones, 7 were
      nucleation-promoting, 25 had no effect (NTm/NTc = 0.8 to 1.2) and 8 bile samples
      were nucleation-inhibiting (NTm/NTc greater than or equal to 1.4). There was no
      correlation between the lipid or protein content of a T-tube bile sample and its
      nucleation-influencing activity. The presence of both nucleation-promoting and
      nucleation-inhibiting activity in the same T-tube bile was demonstrated by
      chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. More than 75% of the biliary protein
      did not bind to the column. This fraction showed nucleation-inhibiting
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356414
TI  - Determination of parameters effecting proton relaxation of hepatic and
      gallbladder biles in dogs.
AB  - The parameters which are important in causing changes in the T1 and T2 proton
      magnetic relaxation times of dogs bile were investigated. Three factors were
      found to be important in causing relaxation in bile: (i) total bile salt
      concentration; (ii) total protein concentration, and (iii) viscosity. The T1 and
      T2 values of hepatic and gallbladder biles were found to be independent of
      specific gravity, osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations. In vitro experiments
      were conducted with taurocholic acid, bovine serum albumin and porcine stomach
      mucin to examine the effects of intermolecular interactions on proton relaxation.
      Relative to each of the molecules alone, various combinations of the bile salt
      and proteins exhibit relaxation rates of 20 to 60% below theoretically expected
      values. This influence of in vitro molecular interactions on T1 and T2 is also
      likely to occur in hepatic and gallbladder biles in vivo. Thus, the effects of
      complex intermolecular interactions associated with the gallbladder
      microenvironment complicate but likely will not preclude direct assessment of
      physiologic data with magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3356416
TI  - Effect of side chain length on bile acid conjugation: glucuronidation, sulfation
      and coenzyme A formation of nor-bile acids and their natural C24 homologs by
      human and rat liver fractions.
AB  - The effect of side chain length on bile acid conjugation by human and rat liver
      fractions was examined. The rate of conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfate and
      coenzyme A of several natural (C24) bile acids was compared with that of their
      corresponding nor-bile acids. The rate of coenzyme A ester formation by nor-bile
      acids was much lower than that of the natural bile acids. In human liver
      microsomes, the rate of coenzyme A formation was less than 8% of the rate for the
      corresponding C24 bile acid. Rat liver microsomes formed the coenzyme A ester of
      nor-bile acids less than 20% of the rate of their corresponding C24 homologs.
      Glucuronidation rates were greater than sulfation rates in both species. With
      human liver microsomes, nor-bile acids were glucuronidated more rapidly than
      their corresponding C24 homologs, whereas with rat liver microsomes the reverse
      was true. Purified 3 alpha-OH androgen UDP-glucuronyltransferase catalyzed the
      glucuronidation of both nor-bile acids and bile acids. Human liver cytosol
      sulfated nor-bile acids more slowly than the corresponding bile acids. Rat liver
      cytosol, however, sulfated nor-bile acids more rapidly than the corresponding
      bile acids. The highest rate was seen with lithocholylglycine. The results
      indicate that the novel biotransformation of nor-bile acids seen in vivo-
      sulfation and glucuronidation rather than amidation--is most likely explained as
      a consequent of defective amidation, to which the rate of coenzyme A formation
      contributes. Thus, side chain and nuclear structures as well as species
      differences in conjugating enzyme activity are determinants of the pattern of
      bile acid biotransformation by the mammalian liver.

PMID- 3356418
TI  - An experimental transmission of woodchuck hepatitis virus to young Chinese
      marmots.
AB  - Fourteen young Chinese marmots (Marmota bobak sibirica Radde) were randomly
      allocated to two groups of seven each. They were injected intrahepatically with a
      standard woodchuck hepatitis virus challenge pool or a negative pool, prepared
      from sera of woodchucks with and without woodchuck hepatitis virus infection,
      respectively. Marmot No. 2 in the experimental group experienced an episode of
      seroconversion from woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen to anti-woodchuck
      hepatitis antibody. Woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA was detected, and woodchuck
      hepatitis surface antigen particles of both spherical and filamentous forms and
      intact woodchuck hepatitis virus virions were found in its serum. By contrast,
      none of the control group animals (receiving the negative pool) produced any
      marker of woodchuck hepatitis virus. This suggests that young Chinese marmots can
      get woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

PMID- 3356417
TI  - Regulation of bile acid synthesis. I. Effects of conjugated ursodeoxycholate and
      cholate on bile acid synthesis in chronic bile fistula rat.
AB  - Bile acid synthesis is thought to be regulated by a negative feedback mechanism
      which is presumably dependent upon the flux of bile acids in the enterohepatic
      circulation. To characterize further the role of bile acids in regulation of bile
      acid synthesis, we have administered pure taurine or glycine conjugates of
      ursodeoxycholic acid or cholic acid to chronic bile fistula rats by continuous
      intraduodenal infusion, thus simulating restoration of the enterohepatic
      circulation. The effects of these bile salt infusions on bile acid synthesis,
      biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion and on the activities of the
      hepatic microsomal enzymes cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and HMG-CoA reductase
      were evaluated. Because the rate of biliary bile salt secretion in rats with
      intact exteriorized enterohepatic circulation averaged 27.1 +/- 1.4 mumoles per
      100 gm rat per hr, infusion rates for bile fistula studies were chosen to match
      (24 to 36 mumoles per 100 gm rat per hr) or exceed (48 mumoles per 100 gm rat per
      hr) this physiological flux. Infusion of tauroursodeoxycholic acid for 48 hr at
      24 and 48 mumoles per 100 gm rat per hr failed to suppress cholic acid synthesis.
      Bile flow and biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion exhibited small,
      dose-dependent increases with tauroursodeoxycholic acid infusions. No suppression
      of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase or HMG-CoA reductase activity was observed. By
      contrast, taurocholic acid inhibited synthesis of chenodeoxycholate and its
      metabolites alpha- and beta-muricholate by 10% (NS), 66% (p less than 0.05) and
      75% (p less than 0.05) at infusion rates of 24, 36 and 48 mumoles per 100 gm rat
      per hr, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356419
TI  - Prospective study of asymptomatic HBsAg carrier children infected in the
      perinatal period: clinical and liver histologic studies.
AB  - Liver histologic findings were studied in 18 children who were 4 to 9 years old,
      and who had been HBsAg carriers since having been infected by their mothers in
      the perinatal period. All were born to HBeAg-HBsAg carrier mothers; the children
      were followed periodically from birth. Throughout their entire course, none
      developed symptoms or signs suggestive of liver disease. All of the 18 children
      showed mild but definite liver histologic changes: 15 had nonspecific histologic
      changes, and three had chronic persistent hepatitis. In 13 of 18 children, follow
      up aminotransferase activities were abnormal, but none exceeded 100 KU. At the
      time of biopsy, ALTs on four children were above the upper limit of normal. All
      children were HBeAg-positive in early infancy, but five lost this antigen and
      developed antibody during follow-up. The histologic findings in HBeAg-positive
      children did not differ from those in children with antibody. Perinatal hepatitis
      B virus infection has been thought to play an important role in chronic liver
      disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This study indicates that some
      pathologic changes following perinatal infection begin very early.

PMID- 3356421
TI  - Hypervitaminosis A: a liver lover's lament.

PMID- 3356420
TI  - Pathology of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children: with special
      reference to the intrahepatic expression of hepatitis B virus antigens.
AB  - The clinical, virologic and pathologic features of chronic hepatitis B virus
      infection were studied in 66 children, of whom 29 were symptomatic and 37
      asymptomatic. The majority (79%) of symptomatic children had histologically
      aggressive diseases: 11 had chronic active hepatitis and 10 had cirrhosis. In
      contrast, most asymptomatic children had nonaggressive diseases (35 cases); only
      2 had chronic active hepatitis. Nine of the 10 children with cirrhosis were under
      6 years of age, and the cirrhosis was often advanced, indicating that hepatitis B
      virus infection can cause the rapid development of cirrhosis in early life. HBcAg
      was present in 71% of 62 cases examined and correlated well with the status of
      HBeAg in serum. Cytoplasmic HBcAg was more frequently associated with aggressive
      disease than was nuclear HBcAg expression alone or no detectable HBcAg in the
      liver. A male predominance (75%) was found, particularly in children with
      aggressive diseases (91%) compared to those with nonaggressive forms of disease
      (67%). Sera from mothers of 43 of these children were tested for HBsAg, and 51%
      were positive. HBsAg was particularly common among mothers of children with
      symptomatic disease (69%) or cirrhosis (100%). These findings suggest that male
      sex and perinatal infection are important factors in the development of overt
      chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis in children.

PMID- 3356422
TI  - Selenium deficiency in search of a disease.

PMID- 3356423
TI  - Safe splenoportography: objective confirmation is still needed.

PMID- 3356424
TI  - Sexual dysfunction in men with chronic liver disease.

PMID- 3356426
TI  - Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

PMID- 3356425
TI  - The ischemic liver--do not resuscitate too much.

PMID- 3356427
TI  - Testing the sensitivity to flicker proved to be a useful tool for assessing the
      level of benzodiazepine-induced sedation in cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3356428
TI  - Mental "health" and mental "illness".

PMID- 3356429
TI  - Treating the borderline patient with low-dose neuroleptics.

PMID- 3356430
TI  - Effects of psychotropic drugs on memory: Part 1.

PMID- 3356431
TI  - Dementia research in the nursing home.

PMID- 3356432
TI  - What difference does case management make?
AB  - The outcomes of 82 patients in a rehabilitation-oriented case management program
      six months and two years after they were discharged from an inpatient setting to
      join the program were compared with those of 82 matched control patients who had
      been discharged from the same inpatient settings before the case management
      program was established. At the two-year follow-up, the patients in the case
      management program were significantly more likely than the control patients to
      have better occupational functioning, to live in a residence requiring more
      independence than they did at the six-month follow-up, and to be less socially
      isolated; in contrast, at the six-month follow-up only their occupational
      functioning was better than the control group's. The two groups did not differ in
      number of hospitalizations at either follow-up. The authors believe the study
      supplies much-needed documentation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation
      oriented case management.

PMID- 3356433
TI  - An interdisciplinary psychoeducation program for schizophrenic patients and their
      families in an acute care setting.
AB  - A psychoeducation program in an acute care inpatient psychiatric setting involves
      schizophrenic patients and their families in a range of educational interventions
      that are responsive to their particular strengths and vulnerabilities. Patients
      receive one-on-one instruction about their illness from a psychiatrist and the
      nursing staff and learn community living skills in classes and tutorials
      conducted by occupational therapists. Families discuss ways of coping with the
      patients' illness in a series of meetings with a social worker, and they attend
      workshops led by a team of clinicians and an administrator, who advise them of
      current perspectives on the illness and its management and about how to negotiate
      the mental health system. A mental health library keeps staff, family, and
      patients abreast of recent literature about schizophrenia. The authors believe
      the program prepares patients to live in the community better than do programs
      whose goals are limited to symptom reduction or crisis intervention.

PMID- 3356434
TI  - Effects of a patient education program in the treatment of schizophrenia.
AB  - Two groups of schizophrenic patients were compared to determine the effects of
      educating patients about schizophrenia and its treatment. One group completed a
      three-week educational program while the other was involved in the usual ward
      activities. Comparison of the groups' pretest and posttest scores on three
      instruments (the Experiential World Inventory, the Scale for the Assessment of
      Negative Symptoms, and the Knowledge of Illness and Resources Inventory) revealed
      the experimental group had a significant increase in knowledge of the illness and
      a significant decrease in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. No significant
      difference was found between the groups in change in the positive symptoms of
      schizophrenia. The results suggest that severely psychiatrically ill patients can
      learn and retain information and that educating chronic patients about their
      illness can help improve their functioning.

PMID- 3356435
TI  - A ten-year follow-up study of the effects of deinstitutionalization.
AB  - The Cambridge-Somerville unit of the Massachusetts state hospital system, which
      was studied by the author in 1977, was resurveyed to examine changes in the
      clinical characteristics of the patient population between 1977 and 1987.
      Although the number of patients in the hospital remained almost the same, there
      were striking increases in the percentages of male patients and of patients on
      involuntary legal status. There was a decrease in the number of patients who had
      hospital stays of 30 days or less or of more than five years and an increase in
      the number of patients staying between one and 12 months. These findings
      demonstrate that the effects of deinstitutionalization continue long after trends
      toward reduction of census have stabilized.

PMID- 3356436
TI  - Respite care for mentally ill patients and their families.
AB  - An inpatient psychiatric unit at a Veterans Administration Medical Center offers
      regularly scheduled psychiatric respite care, an intervention intended to reduce
      recidivism among chronic patients who live with a family member and to support
      the family in their caregiving role. Patients and their families have the option
      of arranging for respite admissions for two to seven days at six- to eight-week
      intervals. Preliminary one-year data for 14 patients show that with participation
      in the respite program, subsequent hospital days are significantly decreased.
      Subjective data indicate that respite care helps stabilize improvements patients
      made in the hospital, allows staff to work with family systems in a
      nonadversarial manner, and gives the family needed relief from difficult
      behaviors.

PMID- 3356438
TI  - Prevalence of a history of sexual abuse among female psychiatric patients in a
      state hospital system.
AB  - Fifty-one percent of a sample of 105 female state hospital patients were found to
      have been sexually abused as children or adolescents. In the majority of cases,
      hospital staff were unaware that the patients had histories of sexual abuse, and
      only 20 percent of the abused patients believed they had been adequately treated
      for sexual abuse. Sixty-six percent of the abused patients met the diagnostic
      criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, although none had received that
      diagnosis. Compared with patients who had not been sexually abused, abused
      patients were significantly more likely to have 17 of 32 symptoms commonly linked
      with sexual abuse. Every patient who was positive for six symptoms--compulsive
      sexual behavior, chemical dependency, sadomasochistic sexual fantasy, sexual
      identity issues, chronic fatigue, and loss of interest in sex--had been sexually
      abused.

PMID- 3356437
TI  - Characteristics of patients with serious suicidal intentions who ultimately
      commit suicide.
AB  - Patients in a long-term follow-up study who had made a serious suicide threat or
      attempt before admission were further studied to determine if there were
      characteristics that discriminated between those who ultimately committed suicide
      and those who did not. The results showed that patients who committed suicide
      were more likely to have a DSM-III axis I diagnosis, to be male, and to be
      discharged against medical advice. Those alive at follow-up were more likely to
      have a borderline personality disorder, to be female, impulsive, and self
      mutilating, to be discharged with medical advice, and to have a healthier
      postdischarge course.

PMID- 3356439
TI  - A model for predicting depression in elderly tenants of public housing.
AB  - To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for depression in an older
      population, the Multilevel Assessment Instrument (MAI) and the Center for
      Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were administered to 176 elderly
      residents of a public housing apartment building in Indianapolis. The 41 patients
      diagnosed by the CES-D as depressed had significantly lower scores on MAI
      measures of psychological adjustment, cognitive function, and physical health
      compared with the nondepressed respondents and were more likely to have had
      episodes of anxiety and depression in the year before the study. Four variables-
      respondents' overall physical health as measured by the MAI, days spent sick in
      bed during the past year, living alone, and educational level--explained some of
      the variance between the CES-D scores of the depressed and nondepressed patients.
      A model for predicting current levels of depressive symptomatology based on
      scores on each of these four variables distinguished the depressed from the
      nondepressed tenants more than 80 percent of the time.

PMID- 3356440
TI  - Guidelines for nonprofessionals who receive suicidal phone calls.

PMID- 3356441
TI  - Transition entry groups: easing new patients' adjustment to psychiatric
      hospitalization.

PMID- 3356442
TI  - A survey of smoking policies in Oregon psychiatric facilities.

PMID- 3356444
TI  - No smoking.

PMID- 3356443
TI  - Increased drinking and the farm crisis: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3356445
TI  - Flawed survey.

PMID- 3356446
TI  - CMHCs: muted impact.

PMID- 3356447
TI  - States must lead fight against AIDS but are slow to implement overall policies,
      report says.

PMID- 3356448
TI  - American Psychiatric Association issues two policies on AIDS.

PMID- 3356449
TI  - Biochemical and genetic analysis of the OKa blood group antigen.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody TRA-1-85 recognizes a cell surface antigen which is
      expressed by all human cell types tested, including red blood cells (RBCs), but
      not by mouse cells. All the human RBCs tested were TRA-1-85 positive except those
      with the rare phenotype Ok(a-). Oka is a blood group antigen of very high
      frequency and only three unrelated Ok(a-) people are known. The red cells of all
      three propositi were negative with the TRA-1-85 antibody. To confirm the
      relationship between the TRA-1-85 antibody and anti-Oka, the immune antibody
      found in the serum of Ok(a-) individuals, Western blot analysis was used: the TRA
      1-85 antibody and anti-Oka gave identical but complex patterns of reactivity in
      Western blot analysis of human cell lysates or membranes. This suggests that the
      anti-Oka and TRA-1-85 antibodies recognize the same cell-surface determinant and
      implies that Oka is not restricted in its expression to the surface of RBCs but
      is expressed on white blood cells (WBCs) of Ok(a+) individuals and all human cell
      lines tested to date. WBCs from one of the Ok(a-) propositi were tested and found
      to be negative with the TRA-1-85 antibody. Finally, the species specificity of
      the TRA-1-85 antibody has been exploited by the use of somatic cell hybrids and
      DNA transfection techniques to examine the genetic control of the Oka antigen
      defined by the TRA-1-85 antibody. We report that the determinant is controlled by
      a single gene OK present on human chromosome 19.

PMID- 3356450
TI  - Extent of the mouse t complex and its inversions shown by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Probes for loci situated near one end of the proximal (Tcp-1) and distal (Qa-2,
      3) inversions of the mouse t complex have been hybridized to chromosomes of mice
      with and without t complexes and with morphologically distinguishable chromosome
      17s. Both the probe for Tcp-1 and that for Qa-2, 3 hybridized to clearly
      different positions on t and non-t chromosomes, thus making visible the extent of
      the two inversions. The proximal inversion extends from roughly the junction of
      bands A1 and A2 to band A3, and the distal inversion from band A3 to band C.
      Thus, the whole t complex extends from the band A1-A2 junction to band C, and is
      therefore somewhat larger than previously thought, and occupies about 1.2% of the
      genome. A probe for complement component 3 (C3-1), genetically known to be
      several cM distal to the t complex, was found by in situ hybridization to lie in
      band E1. The proximal part of chromosome 17 is one of the best known parts of the
      mouse genome, at both the genetic and molecular levels. It may soon be possible
      to correlate the length of the t complex in terms of chromosomal distance with
      its physical length in megabases.

PMID- 3356452
TI  - A higher cellular sodium turnover rate in cultured skin fibroblasts from blacks.
AB  - Differences in cellular Na+ and K+ regulation may relate to the pathogenesis of
      essential hypertension and the predisposition of blacks to this disease. To
      explore these tenets, we examined several aspects of cellular Na+ homeostasis in
      serially passed, cultured skin fibroblasts from 30 subjects (15 hypertensive
      blacks and whites and normotensive subjects matched for sex, age, and race.)
      Fibroblasts from blacks demonstrated higher cellular Na+ turnover rates than did
      those from whites. This difference was expressed by accelerated Na+-K+ pump
      activity (ouabain-sensitive Na+ washout rate, 3.46 +/- 0.216 for blacks vs 1.84
      +/- 0.283 mEq/L/min for whites; p = 0.0006) and a higher rate of cellular
      accumulation of Na+ in the presence of ouabain (0.964 +/- 0.0743 vs 0.562 +/-
      0.0440 mEq/L/min for blacks and whites, respectively; p = 0.0045). Associated
      with these findings, fibroblasts from blacks had higher cellular Na+
      concentration than did those from whites (9.78 +/- 0.512 vs 7.50 +/- 0.400 mEq/L;
      p = 0.0170, as measured by atomic absorption, and 7.84 +/- 0.470 vs 5.03 +/-
      0.980 mEq/L; p = 0.0141, as derived from the equilibrium distribution ratio of
      22Na+). It is concluded that blacks differ from whites with respect to cellular
      Na+ turnover rate, which is evidenced by an increased Na+ influx and accelerated
      Na+-K+ pump activity in their fibroblasts. Our findings support the tenet that
      innate racial differences in cellular Na+ regulation may underlie the
      predisposition of blacks to hypertension.

PMID- 3356451
TI  - The mouse Ly-12.1 specificity: genetic and biochemical relationship to Ly-1.

PMID- 3356453
TI  - Race and cardiovascular reactivity. A replication.
AB  - In a previous study, we reported that black children demonstrated greater
      cardiovascular reactivity than did white children to the psychological stress of
      a television video game. Reliance on urban volunteers and the wide age range of
      the children may have limited conclusions concerning the generalizability of
      those results. In the present study, 481 of 484 children enrolled in the third
      grade of the public schools of an entire rural county in Tennessee were examined
      with the same video game procedure used previously. Results indicated greater
      heart rate and blood pressure reactivity among black children than among white
      children. Thus, the previous results were replicated. The greater prevalence of
      hypertension among black adults may relate to the greater reactivity among black
      children; reactivity may be either a marker or a mechanism in the development of
      hypertension.

PMID- 3356454
TI  - Functional versus structural changes of forearm vascular resistance in
      hypertension.
AB  - Structural changes in resistance vessels have been considered an important factor
      in triggering and maintaining chronic hypertension in humans and in experimental
      animals. To determine whether the increased forearm vascular resistance observed
      following vasodilator maneuvers in hypertensive patients is predominantly due to
      structural or to functional changes, we examined the influence of different
      vasodilator stimuli on forearm blood flow and blood pressure in 22 male patients
      with established essential hypertension and in 22 age-matched normotensive men
      (age range, 28-52 years). Blood pressure was measured directly, and blood flow
      was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. The maneuvers applied were 1)
      arterial occlusion combined with handgrip exercise and local heating, 2) intra
      arterial infusion of the calcium entry blocker nifedipine, 3) intra-arterial
      infusion of the nonspecific vasodilator sodium nitroprusside, 4) arterial
      occlusion initiated after intra-arterial infusion of nifedipine. Vascular
      resistance during vasodilation induced by arterial occlusion or infusion of
      nifedipine or sodium nitroprusside remained significantly higher in the
      hypertensive than in the normotensive subjects. However, the maximal vasodilation
      achieved by the combination of arterial occlusion and nifedipine resulted in a
      similar resistance in both groups (1.6 +/- 0.2 in the hypertensive vs 1.4 +/- 0.2
      mm Hg/ml/min/100 ml tissue in the normotensive subjects. These data suggest that
      there is an important functional component of the elevated resistance in patients
      with essential hypertension.

PMID- 3356455
TI  - Stress increases renal nerve activity and decreases sodium excretion in Dahl
      rats.
AB  - The effects of a stressful environmental stimulus (air stress) on mean arterial
      pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and renal function were examined in
      conscious Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant rats (DR) on low
      (0.4%) and high (8%) NaCl diets. Air stress increased renal sympathetic nerve
      activity and decreased urine flow rate and urinary sodium excretion in conscious
      Dahl rats on a high sodium diet, but it had no effect in rats on a low sodium
      diet. Mean arterial pressure did not change during air stress in any group. Renal
      denervation prevented the antidiuretic and antinatriuretic responses to air
      stress in DS and DR on a high NaCl diet. An increased renal tubular reabsorption
      of sodium and water appeared to mediate the antinatriuretic and antidiuretic
      responses to air stress, since glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow
      were unchanged. Thus, environmental stress increases renal sympathetic nerve
      activity and decreases urinary sodium excretion more in Dahl rats on a high NaCl
      diet than on a low NaCl diet. On a high NaCl diet, these responses are greater in
      DS than in DR.

PMID- 3356456
TI  - An impedance method for blood pressure measurement in awake rats without
      preheating.
AB  - The tail-cuff methods for measuring systolic blood pressure in the rat usually
      require preheating of the animal to obtain recordable pulse signals. To find a
      more sensitive method, we applied the principle of differentiated impedance
      (dZ/dt) to the tail-cuff measurement of systolic blood pressure. We obtained
      clear pulse signals from the tail in awake rats without preheating the animals,
      and the systolic blood pressure obtained by this method had an excellent
      correlation with the directly measured femoral artery pressure (correlation
      coefficient = 0.98). Heating the animals at 40 degrees C for 5 minutes increased
      systolic blood pressure by a mean of 6 mm Hg as compared with that determined at
      the ambient temperature of 21 to 24 degrees C. Mean systolic blood pressure in
      young female diabetic rats was 122 +/- 3 mm Hg, which was significantly higher
      than the 111 +/- 2 mm Hg of normal rats. It is concluded that the technique of
      electrical impedance as applied to the tail-cuff method is simple and highly
      sensitive and is suitable for measurement of tail systolic blood pressure in
      awake rats without preheating.

PMID- 3356457
TI  - Sympathetic stimulation and hypertension in the pyridoxine-deficient adult rat.
AB  - Pyridoxal phosphate is the coenzyme of various decarboxylases involved in the
      formation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid,
      serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats placed on
      a pyridoxine-deficient diet for 8 weeks showed significant hypertension compared
      with pyridoxine-supplemented controls. Hypothalamic contents of pyridoxal
      phosphate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin in the pyridoxine-deficient
      rats were significantly lower than those in pyridoxine-supplemented controls.
      Hypertension was associated with sympathetic stimulation. Treatment of pyridoxine
      deficient rats with a single dose of pyridoxine (10 mg/kg body weight) reversed
      the blood pressure to normal levels within 24 hours, with concomitant
      restorations of hypothalamic serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid as well as the
      return of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine to normal levels. Also,
      pyridoxine treatment reversed the hypothalamic hypothyroidism observed in
      pyridoxine-deficient rats. These results indicate an association between
      pyridoxine deficiency and sympathetic stimulation leading to hypertension.

PMID- 3356458
TI  - Trichinella pseudospiralis larvae express natural killer (NK) cell-associated
      asialo-GM1 antigen and stimulate pulmonary NK activity.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cell function was evaluated in mice infected with either
      Trichinella pseudospiralis or T. spiralis larvae. T. pseudospiralis-infected mice
      consistently demonstrated augmented pulmonary NK cell-mediated clearance of YAC-1
      tumor cells in vivo but failed to display enhanced splenic NK cell-mediated lysis
      of the same tumor cells in vitro. Attempts to alter NK cell function in vivo by
      the injection of anti-asialo-GM1 antibody resulted in anaphylaxis and death of
      the hosts infected with T. pseudospiralis but not of mice infected with T.
      spiralis. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that larvae of both species
      bound large quantities of anti-asialo-GM1 antibody but did not react with another
      NK-associated antibody, anti-NK-1.1. Even though anti-asialo-GM1 antibody reacted
      with larvae of both species, intravenous injection of antibody elicited
      anaphylaxis only in hosts that were infected with T. pseudospiralis.

PMID- 3356459
TI  - Identification of the major antigens of Treponema hyodysenteriae and comparison
      with those of Treponema innocens.
AB  - Eleven strains of Treponema hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs with swine
      dysentery were examined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and immunoblotting. T. hyodysenteriae strains formed a
      homogeneous group with respect to sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble proteins.
      However, immunoblotting with antiserum from rabbits immunized with T.
      hyodysenteriae CN8368 revealed heterogeneity among the lipopolysaccharide
      complexes of different strains. Polypeptides of molecular weights between 30,000
      and 36,000 were the predominant T. hyodysenteriae polypeptides detected by
      porcine immune serum. In contrast, Treponema innocens did not form a homogeneous
      group with respect to sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble proteins. Adsorption studies
      and immunoblotting identified polypeptide antigens present on cells of T.
      hyodysenteriae which were not detected on cells of T. innocens. These unique
      antigens may play a role in the virulence of T. hyodysenteriae.

PMID- 3356460
TI  - Capsular antibodies induce type-specific phagocytosis of capsulated
      Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Capsular types 5 and 8, which account for about 70% of Staphylococcus aureus
      strains isolated from the blood of patients, resisted in vitro phagocytosis by
      human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Antisera and monoclonal antibody to
      type 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides (CPS) induced type-specific in vitro
      phagocytosis of capsulated organisms by PMN. Antibodies directed against the O
      acetyl moiety of the type 8 CPS were more effective in inducing phagocytosis of
      type 8 organisms by PMN. Either type-specific antiserum or monoclonal antibody
      reactive with the native O-acetylated type 8 CPS was most effective in inducing
      in vitro phagocytosis of type 8 organisms by PMN. These results provide further
      evidence that CPS of S. aureus are associated with host immunity to this
      organism.

PMID- 3356461
TI  - Characterization of Brucella polysaccharide B.
AB  - Polysaccharide B was extracted from Brucella melitensis 16M and from a rough
      strain of Brucella abortus 45/20 by autoclaving or trichloroacetic acid
      extraction of whole cells and by a new method involving mild leaching of cells.
      The material obtained by either of the established procedures was contaminated by
      O polysaccharide. The new leaching protocol eliminated this impurity and provided
      a pure glucan, which was regarded as polysaccharide B. This polysaccharide was
      found by high-performance liquid chromatography separations, chemical
      composition, methylation, and two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear magnetic
      resonance experiments to be a family of nonreducing cyclic 1,2-linked polymers of
      beta-D-glucopyranosyl residues. The degree of polymerization varied between 17
      and 24. Polysaccharide B was essentially identical to cyclic D-glucans produced
      by Rhizobia, Agrobacteria, and other bacterial species. Pure polysaccharide B did
      not precipitate with Brucella anti-A or anti-M serum and did not inhibit the
      serological reaction of Brucella A or M antigen with either bovine or murine
      monoclonal Brucella anti-A or anti-M serum. Previously described serological
      reactions of polysaccharide B preparations with Brucella anti-A and anti-M sera
      are related in this study to the presence in crude extracts of contaminants with
      the antigenic properties of Brucella lipopolysaccharide O polysaccharides.

PMID- 3356462
TI  - Differences in Lsh gene control over systemic Leishmania major and Leishmania
      donovani or Leishmania mexicana mexicana infections are caused by differential
      targeting to infiltrating and resident liver macrophage populations.
AB  - Earlier studies had shown that the viscerotropic NIH 173 strain of cutaneous
      Leishmania major fails to come under Lsh gene control. Visceral Leishmania
      donovani LV9 and another viscerotropic cutaneous strain, Leishmania mexicana
      mexicana LV4, are controlled by Lsh. The results of double-infection experiments
      presented here show that expression of Lsh resistance against L. mexicana
      mexicana was enhanced in the presence of L. donovani, whereas L. major still
      failed to come under Lsh gene control, even in the presence of L. donovani. Prior
      irradiation (850 rads) of mice showed that in the absence of infiltrating
      monocytes, Lsh did exert some influence over L. major. The presence of a higher
      infiltrate of fresh monocytes after L. major infection was confirmed in liver
      macrophage populations isolated from mice after infection in vivo and in liver
      cryosections immunostained with monoclonal antibody M1/70 directed against the
      type 3 complement receptor CR3. The results support the hypothesis that Lsh is
      expressed maximally in the resident tissue macrophages and poorly in the immature
      macrophages preferentially infected by L. major amastigotes.

PMID- 3356463
TI  - Cloning of a Streptococcus sanguis adhesin which mediates binding to saliva
      coated hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Chromosomal DNA from a salivary aggregating strain of Streptococcus sanguis 12
      was partially digested with PstI and ligated into the plasmid vector pUC18 and
      transformed into Escherichia coli JM83. A total of 1,700 recombinant clones of E.
      coli were examined by a colony immunoassay with antisera raised against either S.
      sanguis 12 whole cells or S. sanguis 12 surface fibrils. Five clones which
      reacted with one or the other antiserum were shown to be unique by Western
      blotting (immunoblotting) and restriction endonuclease digestion. One recombinant
      plasmid pSA2 expressed two proteins with Mrs of 20,000 and 36,000. The 36,000-Mr
      protein has been designated SsaB. Both proteins were purified to homogeneity by
      Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography. The proteins were present in
      mutanolysin digests of whole-cell lysates of S. sanguis 12 and in the non-saliva
      aggregating variant 12na and the hydrophilic variant 12L. Polyclonal antiserum
      raised against the SsaB protein reacted strongly with the cell surfaces of S.
      sanguis 12 and 12na but not with that of 12L. SsaB inhibited the adhesion of S.
      sanguis 12na to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, indicating that the adhesin
      mediates the binding to the pH-sensitive receptor.

PMID- 3356464
TI  - Cellular defense of the avian respiratory system: influx and nonopsonic
      phagocytosis by respiratory phagocytes activated by Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - Poultry have a very limited number of resident macrophages in the normal steady
      state respiratory tract. Thus, poultry must rely heavily on active migration of
      phagocytic cells to the lungs and air sacs in defending against respiratory
      pathogens. Intratracheal administration of a live, apathogenic Pasteurella
      multocida vaccine (Choloral; Clemson University strain) increased the number of
      avian respiratory phagocytes (ARP; obtained by lavage of lungs and air sacs)
      within 24 h by 3 orders of magnitude compared with the number of ARP obtained
      from mock-inoculated controls and from nonreacting chickens. Chickens yielding a
      high number of ARP did not show any sign of respiratory disease. Flow cytometric
      analysis of ARP that were exposed to 20 nonopsonized fluorescent microspheres per
      ARP for 30 min at 37 degrees C demonstrated a fivefold increase in the percentage
      of actively phagocytic cells in the ARP populations of stimulated chickens
      compared with the percentage of phagocytic ARP for mock-inoculated control birds.
      The phagocytic capacity (relative number of engulfed microspheres) of ARP from
      stimulated birds doubled during the same time. The flow cytometric observations
      were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. These results indicate that activation
      by avirulent replicating agents of phagocytic cells of chicken to migrate to the
      respiratory tract may be a means of defending poultry against air sacculitis and
      pneumonia.

PMID- 3356465
TI  - A capsule-deficient mutant of Francisella tularensis LVS exhibits enhanced
      sensitivity to killing by serum but diminished sensitivity to killing by
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - The live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis is killed by human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes as a result of strictly oxygen-dependent mechanisms
      (S. Lofgren, A. Tarnvik, M. Thore, and J. Carlsson, Infect. Immun. 43:730-734,
      1984). We now report that a capsule-deficient (Cap-) mutant of LVS survives in
      the leukocytes. In contrast to the encapsulated parent strain, the Cap- mutant
      was avirulent in mice and was susceptible to the bactericidal effect of nonimmune
      human serum. The mutant was killed by serum as a result of activation of the
      classical pathway of complement by naturally occurring immunoglobulin M. This
      killing by serum was mitigated by the presence of human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes. After opsonization in complement component C5-deficient nonimmune
      serum, the Cap- mutant was ingested and survived in the leukocytes. Under these
      conditions, the parent strain was killed. The leukocytes responded to both the
      parent and the Cap- strain with a very low chemiluminescent response. Only the
      response to the parent strain was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. When the Cap
      mutant was opsonized with immunoglobulin G, it induced a higher and superoxide
      dismutase-inhibitable chemiluminescent response and was killed by the leukocytes.
      In conclusion, the capsule of F. tularensis LVS seemed to protect this organism
      against the bactericidal effect of serum. When deprived of the capsule, the
      organism failed to induce an antimicrobial response in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and survived in the leukocytes. Survival in phagocytes is a key
      characteristic of intracellular parasites. The Cap- mutant of F. tularensis may
      become a useful tool in experiments to explain the differences between pathways
      of ingestion of intracellular parasites, evidenced by the death or survival of
      the parasite.

PMID- 3356466
TI  - Purification of serotype I antigen from nutritionally variant streptococci.
AB  - The nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are a fastidious group of bacteria
      first recognized in the early 1960s in the blood cultures of patients with
      subacute bacterial endocarditis. Since that time, the NVS have been implicated in
      5 to 6% of all cases of human bacterial endocarditis. The NVS possess membrane
      associated amphipathic molecules different from those described for other
      streptococci. Unitl recently, chemical characterization of these new amphipathic
      polymers was hampered by unsuccessful attempts at isolating large quantities of
      these molecules in a form free from other bacterial components. Presently,
      stationary-phase-culture supernatants provide an optimum source of crude material
      for amphiphile purification procedures. Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography in
      conjunction with immunoaffinity chromatography yields an NVS serotype I
      amphiphile preparation free of contaminants, as determined by
      immunoelectrophoretic and chemical analyses. Tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis
      of the purified extracellular NVS amphiphile demonstrated that it is
      immunologically similar to the intracellular amphiphile. Finally, this amphiphile
      serves as the NVS serotype I antigen.

PMID- 3356468
TI  - Induction of tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-D-galactosamine lethality by
      pretreatment with LPS is mediated by macrophages.
AB  - In mice treated with D-galactosamine, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibits enhanced
      toxicity (C. Galanos, M. A. Freudenberg, and W. Reutter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      USA 76:5939-5943, 1979). Pretreatment of mice with LPS before D-galactosamine
      rendered them tolerant to the enhanced lethal effect of LPS. Tolerance was
      established at 1 h after LPS injection and, depending on the dose of LPS used for
      pretreatment, lasted for up to 48 h. With C3H/HeJ mice with acquired sensitivity
      to LPS (M. A. Freudenberg, D. Keppler, and C. Galanos, Infect. Immun. 51:891-895,
      1986), i.e., mice that had been administered C3H/HeN macrophages, pretreatment
      with LPS induced tolerance only if the C3H/HeN macrophages were already present
      at the time of pretreatment. This indicates that, like lethality, induction of
      tolerance by LPS is a macrophage-mediated phenomenon. Direct interaction of LPS
      with macrophages is the first step in the initiation of tolerance or toxicity.
      C3H/HeN macrophages (2 X 10(7], incubated with minute amounts of LPS (0.5 to 0.02
      microgram) in vitro and transferred subsequently to C3H/HeJ mice, induced
      lethality when administered together with or after D-galactosamine and tolerance
      when injected before D-galactosamine. Macrophages activated in vitro lost their
      tolerance- and lethality-inducing properties upon further incubation in LPS-free
      culture medium for 18 h. Such macrophages could be successfully restimulated by a
      new addition of LPS.

PMID- 3356467
TI  - A galE via (Vi antigen-negative) mutant of Salmonella typhi Ty2 retains virulence
      in humans.
AB  - We have recently described the construction of a galE derivative of Salmonella
      typhi Ty2 (Ty2H1) which had a 0.4-kilobase deletion in the galE gene and was
      sensitive to galactose-induced lysis when cultured with greater than or equal to
      0.06 mM galactose (D. M. Hone, R. Morona, S. Attridge, and J. Hackett, J. Infect.
      Dis. 156:167-174, 1987). We now report the selection of a rifampin-resistant, via
      derivative of Ty2H1, EX462. Compared with the Ty2 parent strain, EX462 was serum
      sensitive and highly attenuated in the mouse mucin virulence assay. When four
      human volunteers ingested 7 X 10(8) viable EX462, two became ill and developed a
      typhoidlike disease with fever and bacteremia. Blood isolates from these
      individuals were indistinguishable from the vaccine strain by a variety of
      criteria. We concluded that, even in a via background, the galE mutation was not
      attenuating for S. typhi in humans.

PMID- 3356470
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
AB  - Murine hybridoma cell lines were developed which synthesized monoclonal
      antibodies against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated antigens.
      Monoclonal antibodies specific for an antigen(s) common to all A.
      actinomycetemcomitans isolates tested but not detected on other gram-negative
      oral plaque microorganisms or other Actinobacillus species were identified.
      Monoclonal antibodies specific for each serotype group of A.
      actinomycetemcomitans which did not bind to other Actinobacillus species or oral
      plaque microorganisms were also identified.

PMID- 3356469
TI  - Nonionic block polymer surfactants enhance immunogenicity of pneumococcal
      hexasaccharide-protein vaccines.
AB  - Incorporated in oil-in-water emulsions, nonionic block polymer surfactants change
      the kinetics of generated antibody responses against pneumococcal hexasaccharide
      protein conjugates: prolonged immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G responses are
      realized. Nonionic block polymer surfactants favor the immunogenicity of
      hexasaccharide-protein conjugates in young mice in such a way that a single
      injection yields long-lasting protection.

PMID- 3356471
TI  - Hapten-specific antibodies in allergic contact dermatitis in the guinea pig.
AB  - A guinea pig model was used to investigate the potential role of hapten-specific
      antibodies in allergic contact dermatitis. Hapten-specific antibodies of both the
      IgG1, IgG2 and IgM (sub)classes could be readily detected by ELISA in sera
      obtained after single or repeated exposure to the allergens 2,4
      dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) or 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyloxazolone. Experiments
      in which animals were strongly boostered with Freund's complete adjuvant support
      previous reports that hapten-specific antibodies are able to transfer contact
      skin reactions with a delayed time course into naive recipients. In contrast,
      epicutaneous sensitization procedures never allowed transfer of such reactivity.
      Upon transfer of immune sera to previously sensitized animals, existing allergic
      contact dermatitis was unaffected, except for a distinct suppression of
      induration, but not erythema, in the DNCB system. In actively sensitized animals,
      antibody-related suppression of induration was never observed. Hapten-specific
      hyposensitivity, as induced by repeated epicutaneous exposure, was also not
      related to circulating antibody levels. Our findings do not support the view that
      hapten-specific antibodies should be reconsidered as playing a potentially
      important role in allergic contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3356472
TI  - Function of exudate neutrophils from skin in psoriasis.
AB  - Human neutrophils harvested from skin chambers containing autologous serum in
      psoriatic patients were compared with peripheral blood neutrophils by examining
      migration, phagocytosis, and oxidative activation. Random migration was reduced
      in exudate cells, whereas the chemotactic response to yeast-activated serum was
      evident not only in blood neutrophils, but also in exudate cells. The metabolic
      activation of exudate neutrophils, when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine and measured as chemiluminescence, was enhanced by 50-400% compared
      to blood neutrophils. The chemiluminescence response to phorbol myristate acetate
      was on the other hand reduced to 35%. In the phagocytic assay, using C3bi- and
      IgG-opsonized yeast particles, exudate neutrophils from non-psoriatic healthy
      controls showed enhanced uptake of C3bi-coated yeast compared to blood
      neutrophils. In psoriatics, the blood neutrophils showed enhanced C3bi-mediated
      phagocytosis compared to non-psoriatic control cells. No further increase in C3bi
      mediated phagocytosis was then seen in exudate cells from these patients. IgG
      mediated phagocytosis was in contrast to C3bi similar between blood and exudate
      neutrophils in psoriatics and non-psoriatic controls. These experiments show that
      during exudation priming of different receptor-mediated processes can occur.
      However, no significant difference was observed between different functional
      capacities in exudate neutrophils from psoriasis patients and non-psoriatic
      controls.

PMID- 3356474
TI  - Isolation of a thymocyte growth peptide from human thymus.
AB  - A thymocyte growth peptide (TGP), recruiting immature thymocytes into the S phase
      without affecting immunologically mature thymocytes or peripheral T cells, has
      previously been purified from bovine and rodent thymus. We now report the
      isolation of a corresponding human activity. Aqueous extracts of human thymus
      were found to stimulate the DNA synthesis of human thymocytes in vitro.
      Homogenates of suspended thymocytes displayed higher activity than extracts of
      intact thymus, whereas extracts of thymic stroma depleted of thymocytes contained
      much weaker activity. The results indicate the existence of a human TGP
      originating from the thymocytes and not from the stroma, implying an autocrine or
      paracrine growth regulation. Human TGP was purified from a formic acid extract of
      human thymus and found to have a molecular ratio between 1,000 and 2,000 and an
      isoelectric point of 4.5-4.9. The results demonstrate the existence of a human
      TGP similar but not identical to bovine TGP and it is proposed that this peptide
      acts as a progression factor for the intensely proliferating immature cortical
      thymocytes.

PMID- 3356473
TI  - Antiphagocytic and antioxidant properties of plant alkaloid tetrandrine.
AB  - The effects of tetrandrine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid useful in the treatment
      of silicosis, on a broad range of human neutrophil activities was examined in
      vitro. Random movement, chemotaxis and phagocytosis were significantly
      suppressed. There was minimal but significant inhibition of lysosomal enzyme
      secretion from specific (secondary) but not azurophil (primary) granules. The
      same concentration of tetrandrine (10 micrograms/ml) caused marked depression of
      hexose-monophosphate shunt activity and hydrogen peroxide production, but
      inhibition of superoxide anion generation was observed even at a concentration of
      0.1 microgram/ml. This discrepancy was attributed to the capacity of tetrandrine
      to scavenge oxygen radicals, as shown by experiments using hypoxanthine-xanthine
      oxidase to generate superoxide. These potent antiphagocytic and antioxidant
      properties of tetrandrine may account for some of its remarkable anti
      inflammatory effects.

PMID- 3356475
TI  - Successful contact sensitization to chromate in mice.
AB  - Mice of the randomly bred strain ICR and of the inbred strain BALB/c could be
      successfully sensitized to chromate by repeated topical applications of a
      solution of potassium bichromate in dimethyl sulfoxide. The specificity of
      chromium sensitization was ascertained by ear tests, specific desensitization by
      intravenous injection of potassium bichromate and by histological ear sections
      showing marked infiltrates of leukocytes following ear application of chromium
      dimethyl sulfoxide in already sensitized animals. It is concluded that mice may
      provide a useful experimental model for study of contact sensitivity to chromium.

PMID- 3356476
TI  - Superiority of Solenopsis invicta venom to whole-body extract in RAST for
      diagnosis of imported fire ant allergy.
AB  - RAST determinations using imported fire ant (IFA) whole-body extract (IFAWBE) and
      venom (IFAV) were performed with the sera of 29 sting-sensitive patients. Only
      48% (14/29) of sera were positive (percent binding greater than or equal to 6%)
      in RAST to IFAWBE compared with 79% (23/29) positive to IFAV, and there was
      significantly greater binding to IFAV than to IFAWBE (p less than or equal to
      0.0002). Thus, RAST with IFAV identified 31% more sting-sensitive individuals
      than RAST with IFAWBE, a finding similar to that noted in studies using IFAV and
      IFAWBE for skin testing. We conclude that IFAV is the more appropriate allergen
      for use in in vitro tests to detect IFA-specific IgE antibody in allergic
      patients.

PMID- 3356477
TI  - Irritant symptoms and immunologic responses to multiple chemicals: importance of
      clinical and immunologic correlations.
AB  - An evaluation of workers in a plant was conducted because of multiple complaints
      of ocular, nasal, skin and chest symptoms. Antibody activity against 4 different
      chemicals was identified: an aliphatic diisocyanate, 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide,
      trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and an unknown chemical present in a plasticizing
      ester known as n-octyl-n-decyl-trimellitate. The source of TMA which resulted in
      immunization in the plant is unknown. The presence or absence of antibodies did
      not correlate with the presence or absence of symptoms and it was concluded that
      no occupational allergic disease was present in these workers. Antibody studies
      alone do not make a diagnosis of occupational allergic disease and clinical
      correlation is required. Immunoassays may be useful in identifying exposures to
      immunizing chemicals in the workplace for potential clinical correlation or for
      exposure monitoring in the workplace.

PMID- 3356479
TI  - IgE-dependent killing of Brugia malayi microfilariae by human platelets and its
      modulation by T cell products.
AB  - Platelets isolated from patients infected with filariasis were cytotoxic for
      microfilariae in vitro. Moreover, platelets from normal donors acquired killing
      properties in the presence of serum from infected individuals. The humoral factor
      involved in this cytotoxic process was shown to be IgE. This IgE-dependent
      cytotoxicity of platelets was strongly inhibited by antigen-stimulated T
      lymphocyte supernatants from filarial patients.

PMID- 3356478
TI  - Effect of microwaves on the activity of murine macrophages in vitro.
AB  - The effect of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range was
      studied on the adherence, opsonization, phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium
      reduction and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages from
      BALB/c mice. After 15 min of irradiation with microwaves modulated in pulses at a
      frequency of 2,450 MHz and a power density of 32 mW/cm2, an increase in all the
      parameters studied was observed. The use of microwaves as a possible tool for the
      stimulation of the immune system is discussed.

PMID- 3356481
TI  - A study on budding protrusions of human seminiferous tubules.
AB  - In order to elucidate the morphogenesis of seminiferous tubular protrusions,
      histometric, microscopic and electron microscopic studies were performed on the
      testes of 202 Japanese men, including 117 sudden deaths, 75 hospital deaths and
      10 prostatic cancer cases. Protrusions usually occurred at outer convexes of
      multi-bending tubular portions and were divided into dome, sessile, pedunculated
      and multi-branched types. Aggregated Sertoli cells were present in dome-type
      protrusions as a major component, and spermatogenesis associated with active
      mitoses of spermatogonia was induced with development of protrusions. Protruding
      walls consisted of inner compact and outer loose layers. Distribution of lipid
      droplets in Sertoli cell cytoplasm in protrusions was different from those in the
      original tubules. The incidence of protrusions peaked in the forties and sixties,
      respectively, in the case of hospital and sudden death cases with underlying
      tubular atrophy. The findings suggest that tubular protrusions take place as a
      compensatory reaction for declining spermatogenesis, and therefore, probably
      represent a regenerative phenomenon in hypospermatogenic testes.

PMID- 3356480
TI  - Recovery of sperm production following the cessation of gossypol treatment: a two
      centre study in China.
AB  - A number of variables were investigated in 46 men who had stopped taking gossypol
      for their predictive association with the degree and time of recovery of
      spermatogenesis. Thirty-nine (87%) of the men were azoospermic at cessation of
      gossypol treatment. In those with sperm present the geometric mean concentration
      and total sperm count were 8.3 X 10(6)/ml and 30.7 X 10(6), respectively. Twenty
      eight men (61%) recovered to a defined threshold of spermatogenic function (sperm
      concentration greater than or equal to 20 X 10(6)/ml), with a median recovery
      time of 1.1 years. However, 18 men (39%) had not recovered to this degree of
      spermatogenic function after a median follow-up of 1.9 years and, of these, 10
      (22%) remained azoospermic. The influence of individual baseline variables on the
      time to defined recovery was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves for groups and
      their joint effect by Cox's regression model. The failure of recovery was
      strongly associated with longer treatment, greater total dose of gossypol,
      smaller testicular volume, elevated FSH concentrations and, to a lesser extent,
      with greater body weight.

PMID- 3356482
TI  - Differences in osmolality, pH, buffering capacity, superoxide dismutase and
      maintenance of sperm motility in human ejaculates according to the degree of
      coagulation.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare various seminal plasma parameters in
      fresh human ejaculates exhibiting different amounts of coagulum. Poorly
      coagulating samples demonstrated significantly lower osmolality and buffering
      capacity but had a higher pH than did samples with good coagulation. However, no
      correlation was obtained between the activity of superoxide dismutase and the
      amount of coagulum. Eight hours after ejaculation, sperm motility had decreased
      by 15 and 80% in samples with good and poor coagulation, respectively. It is
      suggested that subfertility may be associated with poor coagulation of
      ejaculates.

PMID- 3356483
TI  - Cancer of the larynx/hypopharynx, tobacco and alcohol: IARC international case
      control study in Turin and Varese (Italy), Zaragoza and Navarra (Spain), Geneva
      (Switzerland) and Calvados (France).
AB  - A case-control study on larynx and hypopharynx cancer was carried out in 6
      populations including the city of Turin and the province of Varese (Italy), the
      provinces of Navarra and Zaragoza (Spain), the canton of Geneva (Switzerland),
      and the departement of Calvados (France). This report presents an analysis of the
      risk associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption based on 1,147 male cases
      and 3,057 male population controls. Special attention was given to the study of
      the risk at various sites of larynx and hypopharynx. The effect of tobacco is
      similar for all sites and the risk associated with ever smoking is on the order
      of 10. The risks from alcohol drinking depend on site. They are similar for
      epilarynx and hypopharynx (RR = 4.3, for more than 80 g/day) and lower for
      endolarynx (RR = 2.1, for more than 80 g/day). For all sites the risk decreases
      after quitting (RR = 0.3 after 10 years); exclusive use of filter cigarettes is
      protective (RR = 0.5 relative to smokers of plain cigarettes only) as is
      exclusive use of blond tobacco (RR = 0.5 relative to smokers of black tobacco
      only). Inhalation increases the risk of endolaryngeal cancer but not that of
      hypopharynx or epilarynx. The relative risks for joint exposure to alcohol and
      tobacco are consistent with a multiplicative model.

PMID- 3356484
TI  - A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer in northern Italy.
AB  - The relation between dietary factors and the risk of colorectal cancer was
      investigated in a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 339 cases of
      colon cancer, 236 cases of rectal cancer and 778 controls admitted to hospital
      for acute, non-neoplastic or digestive disorders. Consistent positive
      associations were observed with more frequent consumption of starchy foods (pasta
      or rice) (relative risk, RR = 3.0 for colon and 1.8 for rectum for highest vs.
      lowest tertile) and beef/veal meats (RR = 2.1 for colon, 2.3 for rectum), whereas
      reduced relative risks were observed in subjects reporting more frequent green
      vegetable consumption (RR = 0.5 for highest vs. lowest tertile), a few specific
      vegetable or fruit items, and coffee (RR = 0.6 for highest vs. lowest tertile).
      Various fats in seasonings were positively, but inconsistently, related to
      intestinal cancer risk, whereas no association was evident with measures of whole
      grain foods or alcohol intake. For both intestinal sites, a 4- to 5-fold
      difference in risk was evident between the extreme quintiles of a simple score
      obtained by algebraic sum of the 4 major groups of foods. These findings could
      not be explained in terms of confounding by socio-economic status or other major
      potential distorting factors, are in agreement with the results from previous
      studies of colo-rectal cancer in Southern Europe, and are consistent with various
      aspects of the descriptive epidemiology of intestinal cancer in Italy.

PMID- 3356485
TI  - Non-ocular cancer in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma and their relatives.
AB  - In The Netherlands, retinoblastoma patients have been registered in the Utrecht
      national retinoblastoma registry since 1862. This register is virtually complete
      from 1945 onwards. We describe a unique epidemiological survey of the occurrence
      of non-ocular cancer in all patients registered during the period 1945-1970. The
      occurrence of non-ocular cancer in relatives of patients with hereditary
      retinoblastoma is also reported. One hundred and forty-one patients with
      hereditary retinoblastoma were studied for non-ocular second primary cancer.
      Nineteen patients died of retinoblastoma. The median follow-up of the surviving
      122 patients was 25 years. Seventeen of these patients developed a second primary
      cancer, most frequently soft-tissue sarcoma. The cumulative incidence of non
      ocular cancer was 19% at the age of 35, i.e., a 14-fold increase as compared to
      the general population. Twelve patients with hereditary retinoblastoma died of
      non-ocular cancer whereas none of 252 patients with non-hereditary retinoblastoma
      died of non-ocular cancer. Furthermore, among the parents of our hereditary
      retinoblastoma patients, 24 (born before 1945) had also been affected by
      retinoblastoma or had affected sibs. In the parents, 4 tumors occurred, of which
      2 were rhabdomyosarcomas and 2 were urinary bladder cancers. Both types of non
      ocular cancer were also encountered among the 122 patients with hereditary
      retinoblastoma. In 103 fathers and 103 mothers of patients with hereditary
      retinoblastoma who did not have retinoblastoma themselves, there was no previous
      family history of retinoblastoma. The fathers had a relative risk of 8.3 for
      pancreatic cancer compared to the general population. There was no significant
      increase in the number of non-ocular tumors in 332 sibs of patients with
      hereditary retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3356486
TI  - Family history of colorectal cancer as a risk factor for benign and malignant
      tumours of the large bowel. A case-control study.
AB  - The relationship between first degree family history of colorectal cancer and the
      risk of benign or malignant tumours of the large bowel was investigated in a case
      control study. Two groups of cases (283 patients with adenomatous polyps and 414
      patients with adenocarcinoma of the large bowel) and 2 groups of controls (399
      polyp-free subjects and 456 hospitalized patients) were interviewed. Since no
      difference in the frequency of family history between the 2 control groups was
      detected, these were lumped together. A 3-fold increase in risk of adenomatous
      polyps in relatives of patients with colon cancer was observed (OR = 3.18, 95% CI
      2.06-4.89). The relative risk of colorectal cancer among relatives of patients
      with adenocarcinoma was 2.36 (95% CI 1.54-3.60). No significant difference in the
      frequency of first degree relatives with a history of cancer of the large bowel
      was detected between patients with colorectal cancer and those with adenomatous
      polyps. When only history of colorectal cancer among parents was considered, the
      results closely paralleled those of the previous analysis.

PMID- 3356487
TI  - Survival patterns for malignant mesothelioma: the SEER experience.
AB  - Statistical analyses of 1,475 histologically confirmed cases of malignant
      mesothelioma ascertained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results
      (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute for the years 1973-1984 showed
      age at diagnosis, sex, stage of disease, type of treatment, and geographic area
      of residence to be important predictors of patient survival, although type of
      treatment may be confounded with prognostic factors (patients selected for
      surgical treatment tended to have better performance status than other patients).
      Women below the age of 50 had an unusually long survival, even after adjustment
      for the effects of other variables in the model. A relatively large proportion of
      female cases had site of disease designated as peritoneum, but site was not a
      significant prognostic factor. These results suggest that age, gender and stage
      of disease should be carefully considered in designing and analyzing clinical
      trials for persons with mesothelioma. Survival was shorter in the 4 SEER
      registries which had shipbuilding as a major industry than in the others with
      less potential asbestos exposure, offering weak support for the hypothesis that
      asbestos-exposed cases of mesothelioma have worse survival experience than other
      cases.

PMID- 3356488
TI  - Dose versus pharmacokinetics for predicting tolerance to 5-day continuous
      infusion of 5-FU.
AB  - This non-randomized study reports pharmaco-clinical data on 5-FU administered by
      the widely used 5-day continuous infusion schedule to 42 patients with metastatic
      colorectal cancer; 5-FU was given by hepatic intra-arterial route (h.i.a.) at
      doses ranging from 800 to 1,450 mg/m2, and by a systemic intravenous route (i.v.)
      at doses ranging from 650 to 1,300 mg/m2. 5-FU blood levels were available for a
      total of 179 cycles. Toxicity was dose-dependent during h.i.a. cycles but not
      during i.v. cycles. For h.i.a. cycles, 1,000 mg/m2/day represented the threshold
      dose for tolerance. The individual total cycle drug concentration-time product
      might predict toxicity for both i.v. and h.i.a. cycle when the threshold is set
      at 30,000 ng/ml.hr. These data may be of practical value for improving the
      therapeutic index of 5-day continuous treatment by 5-FU given by i.v. or h.i.a.
      routes.

PMID- 3356489
TI  - The Copenhagen case-control study of renal pelvis and ureter cancer: role of
      smoking and occupational exposures.
AB  - Smoking habits and occupational exposures were investigated for 96 patients with
      cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter (including papilloma) and 294 hospital
      controls. In comparison with persons who never smoked, significantly increased
      relative risks were seen for smokers of cigarettes alone (RR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0
      6.7) and in combination with other types of tobacco (RR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.3-11.5).
      Non-significantly increased relative risks were observed for pipe smokers (RR =
      2.2; 95% CI: 0.1-97) and for mixed pipe, cigar, and cigarillo smokers (RR = 6.5;
      95% CI: 0.4-21.2). A strong dose-effect (p less than 0.001) relationship was seen
      between the lifetime total amount of tobacco smoked and the risk of pelvis-ureter
      tumors, with the heaviest smokers having an 8-fold risk. Comparison with the dose
      effect relationship for a parallel study of bladder cancer indicated that the
      relationship with tobacco was stronger for pelvis-ureter tumors. Deep inhalation
      of cigarette smoke increased the risk (RR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.9-6.1), while stopping
      smoking (RR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3-1.1) and use of filter cigarettes (RR = 0.5; 95%
      CI: 0.3-0.9) decreased the risk. Significantly increased risks emerged for
      employment in the chemical, petrochemical and plastics industries (RR = 4.0; 95%
      CI: 1.6-9.8), and for exposure to coal and coke (RR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.2-13.6),
      asphalt and tar (RR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.6-19.6). Cigarette smoking accounted for 56%
      of male and 40% of female pelvis and ureter tumors in eastern Denmark.

PMID- 3356490
TI  - Marker polypeptide differences between spontaneous strongly and weakly metastatic
      cancer cells identified by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A recent 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis study revealed several polypeptide
      differences between a strongly metastatic and a weakly metastatic clone from a
      single chemically induced murine fibrosarcoma (Jellum et al., 1984). To exclude
      the possibility that this was merely coincidental, the study is extended here to
      2 other fibrosarcomas recently and similarly induced in mice of the same inbred
      strain. Metastatic potential was defined by the number of lung metastases
      spontaneously formed from a transplanted primary footpad tumor. One strongly (or
      moderately) metastatic cell line and I weakly metastatic line from each of the 3
      fibrosarcomas were examined in the same experiments. In confirmation of our
      previous results, the same polypeptides consistently occurred in considerably
      greater amounts in the weakly metastatic than in the strongly metastatic cells.
      One of these marker polypeptides was absent from the strongly metastatic cell
      lines. In comparison with 2 of the 3 most metastatic lines, the third line was
      only moderately metastatic, and differed least strongly from the 3 weakly
      metastatic cell lines with regard to expression of th marker polypeptides. Marker
      polypeptide expression showed no consistent correlation with tumorigenicity. No
      other consistent polypeptide differences between strongly metastatic and weakly
      metastatic cells could be identified among the approximately 2,000 cellular
      polypeptides separated on the gels.

PMID- 3356491
TI  - Development of in vivo models for studies of brain metastasis.
AB  - To develop an in vivo model for studies of brain metastasis, varying doses of K
      1735 tumor cells with differing metastatic potentials were injected into the
      carotid arteries of anesthetized mice. Direct intracerebral administration of
      cells produced tumors in the brain parenchyma, and all tumor cells produced
      melanotic lesions at these sites. Studies with radioactively-labelled tumor cells
      confirmed that tumor cells reached the meninges and extracerebral organs. Distant
      metastases were found in the lungs and hearts of mice which received K-1735 cells
      into the carotid artery, but not in animals which received tumorigenic non
      metastatic cells. Regardless of the type of cells injected, no growths were found
      in the meninges. The high degree of reproducibility recommends this model for
      studies designed to investigate the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis to
      the brain.

PMID- 3356492
TI  - An atypical t(12;15) translocation of chromosomes found in murine plasmacytomas
      and activation of the c-myc oncogene.
AB  - Cells from murine plasmacytomas (MPC) consistently exhibit either the 12;15 or
      the 6;15 translocation. Recently, we found that cells from 2 MPC (ABPC 45 and
      ABPC 26) did not exhibit any known translocation. However, these MPC contained
      one chromosome 15 (15q-) that was shorter than its normal homologue and one 12
      (12q+) that was longer than its normal 12 counterpart. Chromosome 15q- contained
      only one thin D band, corresponding in size to either D1 or D3 band. A minor
      light band D2 was apparently deleted. Chromosome 12q+ contained a light F1 band
      that was longer than the normal 12F1. In ABPC 45, the c-myc gene was assigned by
      in situ hybridization to the F1 region of 12q+ as well as to its original site of
      15D2. Moreover, the in situ hybridization experiment assigned the S alpha gene to
      the F1 regions of both chromosomes 12 and 12q+. These findings indicate that a
      minor light band D2 of chromosome 15 carrying the c-myc gene was translocated
      into the major light band F1 of 12, resulting in a longer chromosome 12q+ and a
      correspondingly shorter chromosome 15q-. This type of chromosomal translocation
      suggests that ABPC 45 developed through a cytogenetic mechanism different from
      that of MPC with the typical t(12;15) translocation.

PMID- 3356493
TI  - Characterization of plasma membrane shedding from murine melanoma cells.
AB  - Tumor cells release intact portions of their plasma membranes in the process of
      membrane fragment shedding. This released material has been shown to inhibit
      various synthetic functions of normal cells, which may play an important role in
      certain patho-physiological events occurring in advanced-stage cancer patients.
      Our studies on metastatic variants of the murine B16 melanoma, B16-F1 (low
      incidence of lung colonization) and B16-F10 (high incidence of lung colonization)
      indicate that the shed membrane fragment material is composed predominantly of
      vesicles, ranging in size from 20 to 100 nm in diameter. The release of membrane
      fragments represents a small percentage (approximately 16%) of the total shedding
      of plasma membrane components. Membrane fragments were shed at a higher rate from
      the highly "metastatic" (colonizing) B16-F10 cells than from poorly metastatic
      B16-F1 cells, resulting in a 2-fold greater accumulation of membrane fragment
      material by cultures of B16-F10 cells than by B16-F1 cultures during the 48-hr
      assay period. The study of various intracellu ar metabolic processes (protein and
      RNA synthesis, glycosylation, and generation of ATP) required for the shedding of
      membrane fragments indicated that the shedding event is only dependent on energy
      when inhibitors of the above processes are present for 2 hr. Treatment of cells
      with these inhibitors for 8 hr results in cessation of the shedding process,
      indicating both a limited pool of components to be shed and the requirement for
      further synthesis of the shed material. Glycoprotein components of the shed
      membrane fragments were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In
      addition to quantitative differences, 2 additional bands were present in
      fluorographs from SDS-PAGE gels from the B16-F10 membrane fragment material which
      were not present in fluorographs from B16-F1 fragments. The glycoprotein
      components of shed membrane fragments were shown to represent selected domains of
      the cell's plasma membranes, in that only certain plasma membrane glycoproteins
      are shed as part of membrane fragments. The glycoproteins released as non
      particulate molecules into the extracellular environment failed to exhibit these
      quantitative and qualitative differences.

PMID- 3356494
TI  - Effects of taurine on the influx and efflux of calcium in brain slices of adult
      and developing mice.
AB  - 45Ca2+ influx was reduced by 10-mM taurine during a 5-min incubation in slices
      from the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brainstem of adult mice. In both adult
      and developing cerebral cortex and cerebellar slices a 30-min exposure to 1.0-mM
      taurine was likewise effective on resting Ca2+ influx whereas in slices
      depolarized by 50 mM K+ the influx was not affected. Ca2+ efflux from adult mouse
      cerebral cortex slices was affected by extracellular Na+ (0-180 mM) but not by K+
      (50 mM) or taurine (1 mM). In cerebral cortex slices of 3-day-old mice K+
      depolarization stimulated Ca2+ efflux, which effect was antagonized by 1.0 mM
      taurine. The results suggest that taurine is able to modify Ca2+ influx and
      efflux in both adult and developing brain but only at relatively high
      concentrations.

PMID- 3356495
TI  - Partial cognitive-dysmnesic seizures as a model for studying psychosis.
AB  - Nineteen patients were analyzed who exhibited cognitive-dysmnesic psychic partial
      seizures and structural damage shown by means of CT scans. It was observed that
      these seizures originated in the amygdala-hippocampal system, coinciding with the
      effects found when using electrical stimulation of the brain. An attempt is made
      to relate these findings to the present biochemical hypotheses of schizophrenia,
      the kindling effect and the genetico-maturational hypotheses. All these data seem
      to agree and point in the direction of the possible neurophysiological mechanisms
      of psychosis and of schizophrenia in particular.

PMID- 3356496
TI  - Spinal cord mechanisms in amitriptyline responsive restless legs syndrome in
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - We discuss a case of a patient with restless legs syndrome that was responsive to
      administration of amitriptyline. The possible mode of action of amitriptyline in
      ameliorating this patient's symptoms is discussed.

PMID- 3356497
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potential activity: a measure of interhemispheric transfer
      in schizophrenia?
AB  - Jones and Miller (1981) reported that schizophrenics could be distinguished from
      healthy controls by latency differences in their ipsilateral and contralateral
      somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), considered a measure of corpus callosum
      conduction time. Subsequent replication studies failed to follow the method of
      the original study. The present study represents a precise replication. An
      additional control for contamination of SEPs by an auditory stimulus generated by
      the vibrotactile stimulus was used. Ipsilateral SEP activity was identified but
      poor definition of a positive peak in the range of interest prevented measurement
      of peak latency. Evidence was advanced to suggest that such ipsilateral
      potentials result from activity at the vertex. It was concluded that this method
      is inappropriate for the investigation of interhemispheric transmission.

PMID- 3356498
TI  - Localization of epileptiform foci by means of MEG measurements.
AB  - Systematic studies of the magnetoencephalogram (MEG) in normal and pathological
      subjects (mainly with focal epilepsies) showed that the MEG may evidence
      significant brain activities even if they are not identifiable in the
      electroencephalogram (EEG). They also showed that the MEG has a considerably
      higher spatial resolution than the EEG. A two-dimensional mapping technique was
      used to get such a representation of the data that would enable the investigator
      to draw his conclusions mainly from inspecting the plots. The technique is
      characterized by an isospectral synchronized power (iso-SSP) mapping of the scalp
      distribution of specified frequency bands of the MEG power spectrum. In this way
      the precise projection on the scalp of an epileptiform focus can be determined
      without applying a strong eliciting stimulus or relying on the analysis of the
      simultaneously recorded EEG. Our results compare very favourably with the
      clinical picture of our pathological subjects.

PMID- 3356499
TI  - Modulation of the somatosensory evoked potentials by the input information
      originating from the gastrocnemius and sural nerves in the dog.
AB  - Input-output characteristics of the somatosensory system were studied in the dog.
      Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded from the scalp at stimulations of
      the sural and gastrocnemius nerves. There was a sigmoid relationship between the
      stimulus strength and the amplitude of the sural nerve action potential, which
      was best described by a logistic equation. The early waves (P1, N1) increased
      especially at low threshold stimulations of the sural nerve; then they remained
      either unchanged or decreased at high threshold stimulations within the Group II
      and III ranges. The late waves (P2, N2) especially increased at high threshold
      Group II stimulations of the sural nerve, and increased further at strong
      stimuli. Similar changes were observed at stimulations of the gastrocnemius
      nerves. The attenuation of the early waves was explained by "gating" mechanisms
      acting from the sensorimotor cortex onto the sensory relay nuclei. The increase
      of the late waves at especially high threshold Group II and III stimulations was
      accounted for by the multisynaptic diffuse projection from the reticular
      formation and/or the nonspecific thalamic nuclei to the somatosensory cortex. In
      a three weeks old pup, stimulation of the gastrocnemius nerves evoked
      somatosensory responses with similar morphology observed in adult dogs, but the
      latencies of the evoked potential components were relatively long, presumably as
      a result of the uncompleted myelination in the somatosensory afferent system.

PMID- 3356500
TI  - The pattern flash elicited P300-complex (PF-P300): a new method for studying
      cognitive processes of the brain.
AB  - For neurological purposes we developed a new method for eliciting P300-waves:
      Using two different kinds of checkerboard stimuli that were randomly flashed on a
      TV screen we obtained, besides the well-known usable primary complex, prominent
      PF-P300-complexes consisting of a marked negative potential (= N250), the PFP300a
      and the N400 peaks. These components could be related to different cognitive
      processes such as floating versus selective sustained attention and stimulus
      evaluation. N250 especially was shown to be closely related to different degrees
      of difficulty in visual discrimination. Further, the PFP300 components are test
      retest reliable and sex-independent. Since they have relative small
      interindividual variabilities, we consider the N250- and PFP300a-latencies
      especially as well as the ascending PFP300a-amplitudes to be appropriate
      parameters for investigating diseases with cognitive disorders objectively.

PMID- 3356501
TI  - Individual behavior differences related to induced tumor growth in the female
      Syrian hamster: two studies.
AB  - The relationship of individual behavioral differences to induced tumor growth and
      to Natural Killer (NK) cell activity was investigated in the Syrian hamster in
      the context of a long-term natural stressor (group social interaction). In the
      first sub-experiment, 90-day-old females had blood drawn for NK cell assays.
      Animals were then placed in groups of ten, and two samples of behavior were
      obtained on videotape. All hamsters were injected midback subcutaneously with
      malignant melanoma, developed tumors, and were sacrificed 35 days later. Eight
      reliable behaviors were coded from the videotapes and were factor analyzed,
      yielding two factors: "Activation" and "Inactivity." The first factor of
      "Activation" was correlated p less than .06, two-tailed) with autopsy tumor size.
      The experiment was repeated using females aged 210 days. Factor analysis
      generated two factors virtually identical to those previously found. The factor
      of "Activation" was again correlated with autopsy tumor size (p less than .05,
      one-tailed). For older animals only, the second factor of "Inactivity/dominance"
      was associated with higher NK cell activity for one of the two samples. A second
      study was conducted in order to replicate the factor structure of the first two
      sub-experiments, as well as the relationships of behavioral variables to tumor
      outcome variables. However, the design differed mainly in taking four rather than
      two samples of behavior; and in using as an outcome measure time to detection of
      palpable tumor, rather than autopsy tumor size. The factor analysis derived very
      similar factors. The second factor of "Inactivity" was correlated significantly
      (p less than .007, two-tailed) with tumor latency, which is congruent with the
      previous results. Overall, the results showed that: (a) individual behaviors in
      hamsters can be rated reliably, and cluster repeatedly across independent studies
      into certain patterns; and (b) the pattern interpreted as "Activation" was
      associated with poorer tumor outcome relative to the pattern of "Inactivity
      (dominance)."

PMID- 3356502
TI  - Dose-related differential accumulation of morphine in specific regions of rat
      brain determined by mass fragmentography.
AB  - Regional morphine accumulation was examined in 8 brain areas (cerebral cortex,
      hippocampus, striatum, midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, medulla oblongata and
      cerebellum) following either a single dose or incremental doses administered by
      intraperitoneal injection. Morphine levels were determined by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry with chemical ionization detection. Prior to morphine assay,
      the vasculature was cleared of blood by saline perfusion to eliminate distortion
      of tissue-morphine by blood-morphine. Results indicate a dose-dependent,
      differential accumulation of morphine in different brain regions following
      incremental morphine administration. Three distinct uptake profiles were
      obtained, with the cerebellum, hippocampus, medulla and cortex showing roughly
      linear accumulation the midbrain, striatum and thalamus showing nonlinear
      accumulation, and the hypothalamus showing significantly higher absolute morphine
      levels than any other brain region.

PMID- 3356503
TI  - Implications of endogenous opioids in the informational aggression syndrome.
AB  - Starting from the observation that the informational aggression syndrome (IAS) in
      animals resembles the opioid abstinence syndrome, the authors studied the
      implications of endogenous opioids in experimentally induced IAS. They induced an
      IAS in rats, by means of specific sound signals and examined the animals'
      behaviour by a test used in the study of the opioid abstinence syndrome, as well
      as their reaction to noxious stimuli by means of thermal stimulation. The results
      show the implications of endogenous opioids in the IAS. During the first stage, a
      larger amount of endogenous opioids is secreted; specific symptoms of the opioid
      abstinence syndrome develop during the second stage. These symptoms can be
      prevented with clonidine, that has been used in the treatment of the exogenous
      opioid abstinence syndrome.

PMID- 3356504
TI  - The relationship between metaphoric and crossmodal abilities during development.
AB  - Metaphoric and crossmodal abilities were investigated in children, aged 3-8
      years. For this study metaphoric performance was regarded as based on the
      production of a relationship between physically dissimilar stimuli (presented in
      two sense-modalities), which are not normally perceived as being related. It was
      asked at what age crossmodal performance, based on specific rather than
      global/categorical differences within stimulus pairs, can be regarded as distinct
      from metaphoric performance. In Expt. 1, metaphoric and crossmodal two-trial
      "recognition" tasks were given in Touch and Vision at all ages. In Expt. 2,3- and
      4-year-olds were first trained over 6-20 trials to choose one of two stimuli in
      one modality (Touch or Vision) and then given one "recognition" trial in the
      alternate modality. Children as young as three could relate specific physical
      stimulus differences across sense-modalities. Although metaphoric recognition was
      present on two problems in children aged 3 and 4 years, metaphoric performance
      was inferior to crossmodal performance at all ages. Crossmodal abilities improved
      with age due to improved intramodal skills; such intramodal improvement can
      probably account for only a part of the improvement on the metaphoric task.
      Reasons are given why metaphoric and crossmodal abilities may be separate over
      the age range 3-8 years.

PMID- 3356505
TI  - Relationships between verbal intelligence, educational level and reconstitution
      of linguistic messages in schizophrenia.
AB  - The authors studied the influence of educational and verbal intelligence levels
      on a linguistic messages reconstitution test with schizophrenics. The two studies
      undertaken showed significantly lower sentence completion test scores for
      schizophrenics than for control subjects matched for verbal intelligence,
      educational level, age and sex. There appears to be an alteration of the
      cognitive processes underlying the processing and reconstitution of simple
      messages. This alteration is neither affected by educational level nor verbal
      intelligence level.

PMID- 3356506
TI  - Effects of lateralized presentation on levels of processing in memory.
AB  - The present study utilized lateralized presentation of words in a level-of
      processing paradigm. Eighty words were presented to subjects in four level-of
      processing conditions: orthographic, phonetic, syntactic and semantic. Words were
      presented either to the left or right visual fields (Experiments 1 and 2), or
      centrally (Experiment 3). Both free recall and recognition retrieval conditions
      were utilized. There were no visual field differences in the recognition
      condition. In the free recall condition, there was an interaction between visual
      field of presentation and level of processing. Recall was greatest for
      phonetically and semantically processed words which had been presented to the
      right visual field. A left visual field advantage was found for syntactically
      processed words. Results are interpreted in the context of retrieval strategies
      and hemisphere-linked processing capacities.

PMID- 3356507
TI  - Construct validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces test.
AB  - Assessed the validity of the Denman Memory for Human Faces (MHF) subtest
      employing a clinical sample. Factor analysis with marker variables was employed
      to establish the nature of the extracted factors. The MHF subtest, WAIS-R Verbal
      (i.e., Information, Vocabulary, and Digit Span) and Performance (i.e., Block
      Design and Object Assembly) subtests, the Wechsler Memory Scale Mental Control,
      Paired Associate Learning, 30-min Logical Memory, and 30-min Visual Reproduction,
      and Benton's Facial Recognition Test were subjected to a maximum likelihood
      factoring procedure with Varimax rotation. Four factors were extracted which
      accounted for 72.7% of the variance. Factor I was perceptual-organization, Factor
      II was verbal comprehension, Factor III was general memory, and Factor IV was
      attention-concentration. The MHF subtest achieved a substantial loading (i.e.,
      0.56) on the general memory factor along with Logical Memory (0.54), Visual
      Reproduction (0.51), and Paired Associate Learning (0.71). Clinical applications
      of the MHF were discussed.

PMID- 3356508
TI  - The effect of rehearsal on hemispheric processing in a memory recognition task.
AB  - The effect of rehearsal on right and left hemisphere performance was investigated
      in a recognition task in which a lateralized picture probe followed the
      presentation of two words in central vision. Half the 16 right-handed subjects
      rehearsed the pair of words vocally and half subvocally. Four different
      interstimulus intervals (0.5 s, 1.5 s, 3 s and 5 s) between words and picture
      probes were considered. Results showed no difference between the vocal and
      subvocal rehearsal conditions, an overall LVF right hemisphere advantage, and a
      trend in the linear component of the interaction visual field X interstimulus
      interval, indicating that the LVF advantage decreases as the interstimulus
      interval increases.

PMID- 3356509
TI  - Prediction of metastasis of uveal melanoma: comparison of morphometric
      determination of nucleolar size and spectrophotometric determination of DNA.
AB  - We studied 95 cases of uveal melanoma using cytomorphometry to measure the
      standard deviation of nucleolar area (SD-NA) based on 200 cells per tumor and
      microspectrophotometry to determine the quantity of DNA in the nucleus of 100
      cells per tumor. The 95 cases of uveal melanoma, in which the eye was enucleated
      between 1970 and 1973, were selected from the files of the REgistry of Ophthalmic
      Pathology. Forty-nine patients survived with a median follow-up of 15 years
      without evidence of metastasis at the time of the last follow-up, and 46 patients
      died of metastatic melanoma. Statistical analysis indicated that SD-NA was a
      better predictor of metastasis than DNA determination in this data set.

PMID- 3356510
TI  - Carbon disulfide effects on the visual system. I. Visual thresholds and
      ophthalmoscopy.
AB  - The visual effects of carbon disulfide exposure were studied in macaque monkeys
      with measurements of visual thresholds, fluorescein angiography and fundus
      photography. Five monkeys were exposed by inhalation for 6 hr a day, 5 days a
      week to 256 ppm carbon disulfide (CS2). The motor dysfunction observed in these
      monkeys appeared to be entirely reversible. All five suffered severe reductions
      in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity although flicker resolution was not
      affected. Visual loss was found to be irreversible, with degeneration of
      substantial numbers of retinal ganglion cells (companion paper) in those monkeys
      permitted to survive after the termination of exposure. None of the monkeys
      developed retinal microaneurysms or hemorrhages, major accepted signs of visual
      toxicity in CS2 exposed humans; thus, permanent visual loss may result from
      carbon disulfide exposure even in the absence of retinal vascular effects.

PMID- 3356511
TI  - The retinal effects of copper vapor laser exposure.
AB  - The copper vapor laser is a pulsed gas laser which emits energy in two
      wavelengths simultaneously: 510.6 nm (green) and 578.2 nm (yellow). Each pulse
      has a duration of 15 nsec, maximal energy of 3 mJ and a peak power of more than
      100 kW. It is a variably high repetition rate laser, in the range between 1 kHz
      and more than 20 kHz. We studied its interaction with the rabbit retina, while
      using two different repetition rates, 4 kHz and 18 kHz. The histological analysis
      of the lesion produced by 4 kHz repetition rate showed undesired retinal effects,
      similar to those caused by other pulsed lasers. On the other hand, the
      histological examination of the lesion produced by the 18 kHz repetition rate
      showed a desired coagulation effect, limited to the outer retinal layers, and
      comparable to a lesion produced by a continuous wave (CW) laser.

PMID- 3356512
TI  - Elevated dark-adapted thresholds in albino rodents.
AB  - Albino mice and rats have elevated dark-adapted thresholds compared to normally
      pigmented animals. The absolute dark-adapted incremental threshold for black mice
      is about 1.5 log units lower than the threshold for albino mice when measured by
      single-unit recordings from the superior colliculus. Cell counts from the outer
      nuclear layer in albino mice are not significantly different from those in black
      mice, indicating that the elevated dark-adapted thresholds are not due to light
      damage of photoreceptor cells. No photoreceptor outer segment damage was found in
      these albino animals at the light or electron microscopic level. These
      experiments have been repeated in hooded and albino rats. The thresholds from
      albino rats were about 2 log units higher than the thresholds from pigmented rats
      in the dark-adapted state. The proximity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
      and the pigmented choroid to the photoreceptors in these animals suggests that a
      reduction in ocular melanin in hypopigmented animals may be causal to their
      elevated thresholds.

PMID- 3356513
TI  - Flash and pattern electroretinograms during and after acute intraocular pressure
      elevation in cats.
AB  - Retinal functionality during short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and
      simultaneous systemic blood pressure (BP) variations was evaluated in the cat by
      recording the electroretinogram in response to both homogenous flickering light
      (FERG) and contrast reversing gratings (PERG). The mean arterial blood pressure
      (BPm) was pharmacologically adjusted to different levels and a large range of IOP
      values was tested. Results indicate that both FERG and PERG responses are
      impaired when the eye perfusion pressure (PP = BPm - IOP) is reduced and they
      disappear at a critical PP value of about 20 mm Hg, irrespective of the absolute
      value of the IOP. In addition, when the critical perfusion pressure is maintained
      for periods longer than 5 min, the recovery of the PERG response, when present,
      is always delayed compared to the full recovery of the FERG response. These
      findings support the hypothesis that vascular factors, ie, the impairment of the
      retinal blood supply, may be responsible for the disappearance of the retinal
      electrical activity during short-term IOP elevation. Furthermore, the retinal
      ganglion cells, presumably the main source of the PERG response, appear less
      likely to recover from the acute ischemic episode.

PMID- 3356514
TI  - Chemotactic and haptotactic activities of fibronectin for cultured rabbit corneal
      epithelial cells.
AB  - A previous study reported that both fibronectin and epidermal growth factor (EGF)
      stimulated corneal epithelial resurfacing. Fibronectin appears in the cornea
      after injury, and corneal epithelial cells migrate over the temporary fibronectin
      matrix. To determine whether fibronectin serves as chemoattractant and
      haptoattractant for the directed movement of corneal epithelial cells, the
      directed migration of cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells was measured in
      vitro using a Boyden chamber. Chemotactic and haptotactic migration were assayed
      separately. Fibronectin was found to stimulate attachment of corneal epithelial
      cells and to have chemotactic, haptotactic and chemokinetic activities for the
      corneal epithelial cells. In contrast, EGF had no chemotactic activity.

PMID- 3356515
TI  - Active transport of ascorbate across the isolated rabbit ciliary epithelium.
AB  - The transepithelial transport of ascorbate across the isolated rabbit ciliary
      epithelium (CE) was investigated. Unidirectional 14C-ascorbate fluxes were
      measured in the presence of equal concentrations of ascorbate on both sides of
      the tissue within the range of 0.025 to 1 mM. The blood to aqueous (Bl----Aq)
      flux increased from 6 to 95 nmoles/hr and showed nonlinearity and saturation. The
      aqueous to blood (Aq----Bl) flux increased, for the same range, from 0.5 to 23
      nmoles/hr in a linear fashion. The permeability calculated from the Aq----Bl flux
      was similar to the CE permeability for mannitol suggesting that the Aq----Bl flux
      is mainly paracellular. The flux ratio Bl----Aq/Aq----Bl was between 4 to 12.
      Anoxia, ouabain and low Na+ in the media inhibited the Bl----Aq flux indicating
      that the transport system requires energy and a Na+ gradient. 3-O-methyl-D
      glucose, D-isoascorbic acid and phlorizin also inhibited the Bl----Aq flux,
      suggesting that ascorbate and glucose may share a common carrier mechanism.
      Although the isolated CE preparation was clearly capable of flux separation and
      active transport, the rate of ascorbate transport measured in vitro is
      insufficient to maintain the aqueous ascorbate concentration observed in vivo.

PMID- 3356517
TI  - Low dose O-butyryl timolol improves the therapeutic index of timolol in the
      pigmented rabbit.
AB  - The degree of enhancement in the ocular absorption of timolol afforded by its O
      butyryl prodrug and the possibility of reducing its systemic absorption through a
      proportional reduction in its instilled dose were investigated in the pigmented
      rabbit. A reversed phase HPLC procedure was used to assay for timolol and O
      butyryl timolol in the aqueous humor and plasma over 120 min post-instillation of
      25 microliter of drug solutions. We found that the ocular absorption of the O
      butyryl prodrug of timolol from a 15 mM solution was 5.5 times greater than that
      of the parent drug while the systemic absorption was comparable. When a lower
      concentration of the prodrug (3.75 mM) was used the therapeutic index as assessed
      by the ratio of aqueous humor to plasma concentrations seemed to improve
      fifteenfold. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the systemic
      absorption of timolol without reducing its ocular absorption by using a low dose
      of its O-butyryl prodrug.

PMID- 3356516
TI  - Dissociation of cholinergic supersensitivity from receptor number in ciliary
      muscle.
AB  - Ciliary ganglionectomy in the cynomolgus monkey produced loss of the
      accommodative response to electrical stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
      and to topical eserine, concurrent with enhanced responsiveness to topical and
      systemic pilocarpine. This supersensitivity produced by parasympathetic
      denervation was not associated with an increase in muscarinic receptor number or
      affinity measured using specific QNB binding sites in ciliary muscle homogenates.
      In seven of ten cases, ciliary muscle muscarinic receptors were decreased by 60
      84%, while in the remaining three cases, the decrease ranged from 12-37%. In no
      case was supersensitivity accompanied by an increased number of receptors. Six or
      more months after ganglionectomy, accommodative responses to central electrical
      stimulation and topical eserine returned to normal in most animals, indicating
      parasympathetic reinnervation of the ciliary muscle. Ciliary muscle sensitivity
      to pilocarpine returned to normal with reinnervation and was associated with
      recovery of normal receptor number and with normal binding affinity.

PMID- 3356518
TI  - Criteria for monocular acuity deficit in infancy and early childhood.
AB  - Criteria for judging preferential-looking and operant monocular grating acuity
      test results in pediatric patients are usually based on the distribution of
      monocular or binocular grating acuities, interocular differences in grating
      acuities, or test-retest differences obtained from normal populations. In order
      to compare the sensitivity and specificity of each criterion, normative data were
      obtained from infants and young children ranging in age from birth to 5 years
      with common stimuli and staircase procedure. The sensitivity and specificity of
      each derived criterion were evaluated in two groups of pediatric patients with
      unilateral eye disorders. Specificity was high for all criteria, ranging from
      0.95 to 0.99. However, monocular and binocular grating acuity norms showed low
      sensitivity to monocular grating acuity deficit, primarily due to high
      intersubject variability in the normal population. Intersubject variability was
      lower for interocular grating acuity differences and for test-retest differences,
      leading to higher sensitivity of these criteria for monocular grating acuity
      deficit.

PMID- 3356519
TI  - Abnormal orientation bias of LGN neurons in strabismic cats.
AB  - The reduced visual sensitivity of strabismic amblyopes is often accentuated when
      they view vertical as opposed to horizontal gratings ("vertical effect"). Earlier
      attempts to show neurophysiological correlates of the vertical effect in
      strabismic cats have yielded controversial findings. We now report the results of
      experiments in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) that clearly demonstrate the
      reduced sensitivity of X-cells in strabismic cats to vertical gratings as
      compared to horizontal ones. We conclude that the neural basis for the vertical
      effect is present at least at the level of the LGN.

PMID- 3356520
TI  - The ocular dose of ultraviolet radiation to outdoor workers.
AB  - Ocular ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was assessed in three occupational
      groups: fisherman, landscape workers and construction workers. The ratio of
      ocular exposure to ambient exposure was determined by placing UV-sensitive film
      (295-320 nm) between the eyes of the subjects and in a nearby open field. The
      mean ocular exposures varied between 2 and 17% of the ambient exposure on a
      horizontal surface, depending on whether subjects wore hats, the job performed
      and the time of year. Wearing a brimmed hat significantly reduced ocular exposure
      in all groups of subjects. Subjects working over more reflective surfaces had
      significantly higher ocular exposure. A seasonal effect on the ocular ambient
      exposure ratio (OAER) was also observed. These results are consistent with
      measurements of OAER in mannikin and measurements of surface reflectivity in this
      and previous studies. The results provide parameters which can be used in
      modeling ocular UVR exposure in epidemiological and clinical studies.

PMID- 3356521
TI  - So you want to stop drinking?

PMID- 3356522
TI  - The global AIDS situation.

PMID- 3356523
TI  - Problem solving ability of parkinsonians.
AB  - The hypothesis to be verified is that the cognitive defects in nondemented and
      nondepressed Parkinsonians are due solely to a bilateral nigrostriatal disorder
      that causes motor slowing. It was tested on 26 mildly disabled patients with
      idiopathic Parkinson disease optimally controlled with L-Dopa, nondemented and
      nondepressed and not receiving anticholinergic. The test used was a simplified
      version of the London Towers Test of problem-solving ability, designed to measure
      a facet of prefrontally-induced bradyphrenia, already calibrated on 131 healthy
      subjects. The results revealed no significant difference between the
      Parkinsonians and controls, thus providing no support for the hypothesis in
      question.

PMID- 3356524
TI  - A follow-up study of 60 cases of chronic spinal muscular atrophy.
AB  - 60 cases of chronic spinal muscular atrophy (CSMA) were followed-up for a period
      varying from 5 to 40 years. The neuromuscular impairment was evaluated by Norris'
      ALS score, both at the time of last examination and retrospectively at the time
      of diagnosis. Age at onset of symptoms was the most important factor in the
      progression of the neuromuscular damage. Monomelic or asymmetric location of
      symptoms at the time of diagnosis and duration of the disease were not
      significantly correlated to the worsening of ALS score.

PMID- 3356525
TI  - Bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords in the course of neurological
      diseases: report of 5 cases.
AB  - We report 5 cases of bilateral abductor paralysis of the vocal cords (Gerhardt
      syndrome) with attacks of nocturnal asphyxia in patients with Parkinson disease,
      Shy-Drager syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and tumor of the posterior
      cranial fossa.

PMID- 3356526
TI  - Mitochondrial encephalo-neuro-myopathy with myoclonus epilepsy, basal nuclei
      calcification and hyperlactacidemia.
AB  - We report a new case of MERRF (myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers)
      syndrome with basal nuclei calcification on the brain CT scan, without hormonal
      abnormalities, with high CSF protein and hyperlactacidemia, juvenile onset and
      death at 18 years. Biochemical study of mitochondrial muscle enzymes showed
      decreased NADH-cytochrome-C-reductase and Succinate-cytochrome C-reductase
      activity, suggesting a Complex III defect of the respiratory chain. Similar
      reported cases are reviewed.

PMID- 3356527
TI  - A long-lasting CBZ controlled case of hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia.
AB  - We report a case of hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia (HPD), diagnosed on the basis
      of typical clinical and neurophysiological criteria. Dose dependent and long
      lasting well-being of the patient was obtained with carbamazepine (CBZ)
      treatment.

PMID- 3356528
TI  - Intracerebral hemorrhage and angiographic beading following amphetamine abuse.
AB  - We report a case of severe and rare complications of amphetamine abuse:
      intracerebral hemorrhage and spasm-induced changes in the cerebral vessels. The
      pathogenesis and treatment are discussed in the light of published data.

PMID- 3356530
TI  - Alpha-MSH and Parkinson disease.

PMID- 3356529
TI  - Hypoglycorrhachia in leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. A pathophysiological study.
AB  - We describe a patient with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in whom no primary
      malignancy was found in spite of extensive laboratory investigations. The
      diagnosis was supported, however, by cytological and biochemical CSF examination.
      Of particular interest in this setting was the low level of glycorrhachia. In
      order to understand better the mechanism of hypoglycorrhachia, the patient was
      subjected to I.V. glucose loading; serial samples of blood and CSF were obtained
      to determine glucose and lactic acid levels. We found that: 1) The low CSF
      glucose concentration was not increased by I.V. infusion of sugar; 2) the high
      basal CSF lactic acid level was not further stimulated by I.V. glucose loading.
      These data suggest that hypoglycorrhachia was not due to an increased utilization
      of glucose by neoplastic cells that infiltrate the meninges but to abnormal
      transport of glucose from blood to CSF.

PMID- 3356531
TI  - Significance of Chlamydia trachomatis infection during pregnancy.

PMID- 3356532
TI  - Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty in the seventh decade of life.

PMID- 3356533
TI  - Successful treatment of an immobile and thrombosed prosthetic tricuspid valve by
      fibrinolysis with a single dose of streptokinase.

PMID- 3356534
TI  - Rhabdomyolysis of the ocular muscles as a cause of unilateral exophthalmos.

PMID- 3356535
TI  - Isotonic and isometric exercise testing for hypertension.

PMID- 3356536
TI  - Growth hormone (hGH) secretion and turnover in three patients with Laron-type
      dwarfism.
AB  - The 24-h secretory pattern of hGH was studied by the aid of a continuous blood
      withdrawal pump in three Laron-type dwarfism (LTD) patients and compared with
      that in sex- and age-matched normal control subjects. It was found that the
      secretion of hGH was enhanced in the LTD patients, but in all three the diurnal
      secretory profile, as expressed by the number of pulses and the sleep-related
      maximal pulse, was preserved. In the younger LTD patients, women aged 19 and 21
      years, the number of pulses was 9 and 7 (compared with 6 in the control
      subjects), the maximal hGH pulse amplitude was 164 and 280 ng/ml (compared with
      135 ng/ml), the area under the curve (AUC) was 560 and 780 (compared with 268),
      and the average integrated concentration (A-IC) of hGH was 33.9 and 23.4 ng/ml
      (compared with 11.3). In the older LTD patient, a man aged 27 years, the hGH
      secretion was lower than that in the LTD women, but still higher than that in
      normal matched controls: the number of pulses was 4 (control 2), maximal pulse
      amplitude 67 ng/ml (control 19), AUC 231 (control 51), and A-IC 9.9 ng/ml
      (control 2.2). The decline in hGH secretion, which is characteristic of advancing
      age in normal subjects, seems to occur in LTD as well. Metabolic clearance rate
      (MCR) and production rate (PR) of hGH were measured in the 19-year-old female LTD
      patient. Her MCR was 73.4 ml/m2 per min, and her PR was 2,480 ng/ml compared with
      158.3 and 839, respectively, in a normal subject. The exaggerated PR explains the
      elevation of plasma hGH in this syndrome and is probably the result of a lack of
      negative feedback due to insulin-like growth factor deficiency.

PMID- 3356537
TI  - Mode of vaginal delivery and epidural analgesia.
AB  - A study was carried out on the mode of vaginal delivery in two large groups of
      parturients: one group comprised 11,264, of whom 0.1% were given epidural
      analgesia (1977-78) and the other, 10,650, of whom 50% delivered under epidural
      blockade (1982-83). When the incidence and reasons for instrumental intervention
      in these two groups were analyzed, it was found that the rate of instrumental
      delivery was only 1.3% higher (P less than 0.001) in the latter group, which was
      mainly due to factors not attributable to the epidural blockade. It may be
      concluded from this survey that epidural analgesia for labor and delivery does
      not cause an increase in the rate of instrumental delivery.

PMID- 3356538
TI  - Effect of cow's milk on jejunal mucosal macromolecular barrier in suckling guinea
      pigs.
AB  - The assumption that fresh cow's milk may have a direct effect on jejunal mucosal
      macromolecular permeability was tested in 14-day-old suckling guinea pigs, by in
      situ luminal perfusion of a proximal jejunal segment with horseradish peroxidase
      administered either in 0.9% NaCl or in cow's milk. For positive control, a group
      of guinea pigs previously sensitized to beta-lactoglobulin was similarly perfused
      with horseradish peroxidase in 0.9% NaCl or in cow's milk at 14 days of age. A
      segment of the wall of the perfused jejunal loop was processed for peroxidase
      staining and for examination of the extent and routes of macromolecular
      absorption by light and electron microscopy. Mucosal exposure to cow's milk was
      associated with penetration of tracer material across the jejunal epithelium only
      in the lactoglobulin-sensitized guinea pigs. In guinea pigs with a first-time
      exposure to cow's milk, no entry of tracer material beyond the brush border
      surface of the enterocytes was seen. Thus, whereas we could observe absorption of
      bystander antigens during antigenic challenge of the mucosa in sensitized
      animals, we found no evidence of a presumptive "permeability factor" in cow's
      milk that can disrupt the mucosal macromolecular barrier by an acute direct
      action.

PMID- 3356539
TI  - An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in two kibbutzim: a clinical and
      epidemiologic study.
AB  - During a period a 9 months, 125 individuals with pneumonia due to infection with
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae were identified among 1,242 individuals in two Israeli
      kibbutzim. The monthly incidence of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) was 13.3/1,000
      population. Of those infected, 93 (74.4%) were under the age of 18 years. The
      clinical course of MPP was mostly benign. The prominent signs and symptoms of
      disease were cough (100%), fine respiratory crepitations (77%), fever (37%), and
      diminished breathing sounds (25%) above affected lung areas. Leukocytosis was
      rare (9.6%); however, eosinophilia was observed in 23% of 53 tests performed.
      Exacerbations of bronchial asthma was observed among 36% of 11 patients with a
      previous history of asthma. The average duration of disease was 13.5 days, under
      treatment. A recurrence rate of 11.2% was noted among all MPP patients, with a
      very high (42.3%) rate among patients treated with cotrimoxazole. All patients
      with recurrent pneumonia were children under the age of 10 years.

PMID- 3356540
TI  - Gastrointestinal phycomycosis in acute nonlymphatic leukemia.
AB  - A 37-year-old patient with acute nonlymphatic leukemia developed gastrointestinal
      phycomycosis during failure in bone marrow production. The clinical presentation
      was of acute typhlitis. Laparotomy revealed a necrotic mass in the region of the
      iliocecal valve, and on histologic examination hyphae of phycomycetes with
      invasion of the blood vessels were seen. The patient died as a result of
      widespread infection.

PMID- 3356541
TI  - Abnormal orbicularis oculi reflex response in sleep apnea secondary to
      acromegaly. Evidence of pontomedullary dysfunction in sleep apnea syndrome.
AB  - Severe sleep apnea was present in a patient with upper airway obstruction due to
      acromegaly. The study of orbicularis oculi reflex responses (OORR) disclosed a
      marked prolongation of the late response prior to tracheostomy. Following the
      surgical relief of upper airway obstruction, sleep apnea disappeared, and the
      latency of the late response of the OORR was dramatically reduced but failed to
      normalize. The OORR and especially its late response were normal in a patient
      with acromegaly who did not experience sleep apnea. In two patients with sleep
      apnea, but without acromegaly, the late responses of the OORR were abnormal. It
      is suggested that the presence of abnormal OORR in sleep apnea may reflect a
      basic defect in pontomedullary control of respiration during sleep.

PMID- 3356542
TI  - Appreciating bodily phenomena in verbally oriented psychotherapy sessions.

PMID- 3356543
TI  - Use of play group therapy in promoting social skills.

PMID- 3356544
TI  - Assault response questionnaire.

PMID- 3356545
TI  - Reliability of behavioral versus medical models: rare events and danger.

PMID- 3356546
TI  - Self-reports of childhood peer relationships of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric
      subjects.

PMID- 3356547
TI  - Grief work with mothers of retarded children in a group setting.

PMID- 3356548
TI  - Reminiscing: nursing actions for the acutely ill geriatric patient.

PMID- 3356549
TI  - Instrumentation issues in the measurement of violence in psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 3356550
TI  - Female partners of Vietnam veterans: stress by proximity.

PMID- 3356551
TI  - [Are shifts in circadian cortisol rhythm an endocrine symptom of atopic eczema?].
AB  - Marked nocturnal pruritus in patients with atopic eczema (AE) may depend partly
      on alterations in circadian neuroendocrine rhythms, e.g. cortisol rhythm. We
      analysed the serum cortisol levels every 2 h between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. and at 2
      p.m. (profile I) in 20 adult in-patients with florid AE not pretreated with any
      systemic corticosteroid or ACTH therapy (profile I). The results were compared
      with those recorded in 19 healthy women. In 14 patients we checked the profiles
      again after marked improvement of AE (profile II). On profile I, the lowest
      cortisol levels were after midnight for 9 of the 20 patients, while on profile II
      this was true for 12 of the 14 tested. The mean cortisol levels over the period
      examined were found to be approximately the same for patients and controls for
      profile I, yet the mean level on profile II was found to be lower. The mean time
      interval between minimum and maximum cortisol levels was shorter in patients with
      AE than in controls (8.5 h), and was shorter still on profile II (4.6 h). The
      shift in the serum cortisol minimum after midnight resulted in an extremely steep
      rise in the cortisol level between the level in the late hours of the night, and
      the 24 h-maximum in the early morning hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356552
TI  - [Disorders of thermoregulation in adaptation to external cold and heat stimuli in
      patients with atopic eczema].
AB  - Patients suffering from atopic eczema (AE) often exhibit disturbances of various
      neurovegetative (in particular, vasomotoric) skin functions. Thus, in 21 patients
      with AE we studied the response of the skin of one forearm to standardized 15-min
      exposure of the other arm to a cold and a warm bath (17 degrees-18 degrees C and
      40 degrees-41 degrees C respectively). The results were compared with those in 23
      age- and sex-matched healthy controls under similar environmental conditions. In
      most patients, during exposure of one forearm to warmth the skin temperature of
      the contralateral forearm remained unchanged or decreased slightly, whereas
      exposure to cold induced either a slight rise in skin temperature or an almost
      indiscernible decrease. In contrast to the normal temperature reaction of the non
      exposed forearm to warmth exposure of the contralateral arm in most controls, our
      findings in atopic patients indicated a "rigid" or even "paradoxical" response to
      thermic stimuli. This abnormal pattern of thermoregulation may reflect an
      intrinsic disturbance of the peripheral and hypothalamic autonomous system
      involved in the pathogenetic conditions of AE.

PMID- 3356553
TI  - [Prurigo and further diagnostically significant skin symptoms in
      strongyloidosis].
AB  - An increasing incidence of strongyloidosis must be expected in European countries
      as a result of the increasing numbers of immigrants, as well as holiday-makers
      returning from tropical regions. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms,
      dermatological complaints are predominant. Only rarely are cutaneous symptoms the
      only clinical manifestation of disease. The penetration of filariform larvae may
      cause "ground itch." In cases of chronic disease, larva currens is the most
      obvious sign and consists of linear urticarial wheals evoked by larva migration.
      The most common non-specific symptoms are rashes, pruritus and urticaria. A
      further symptom of strongyloidosis, intensely itching prurigo, is described in a
      20-year-old female Thai. Remission was achieved following tiabendazole therapy.

PMID- 3356555
TI  - Working and non-working mothers' perceptions of their careers, their infants'
      needs and satisfaction with mothering.

PMID- 3356554
TI  - [Hypereosinophilia syndrome--successful PUVA therapy].
AB  - A 71-year-old female patient with monosymptomatic hypereosinophilic syndrome is
      presented. Other dermatological and internal diseases associated with
      eosinophilia were excluded. The patient had an excellent response to
      photochemotherapy (PUVA).

PMID- 3356556
TI  - Problems in bonding: helping parents who do not love their infants.

PMID- 3356557
TI  - Primary prevention of coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3356558
TI  - Heart disease: a contemporary issue.

PMID- 3356559
TI  - A new approach to parentcraft.

PMID- 3356560
TI  - The elderly today and tomorrow: medication and the elderly.

PMID- 3356561
TI  - Fats and heart disease.

PMID- 3356562
TI  - Playpens.

PMID- 3356563
TI  - Introduction of measles/mumps/rubella vaccine.

PMID- 3356564
TI  - Income support.

PMID- 3356565
TI  - Coronary heart disease prevention.

PMID- 3356566
TI  - Fee splitting.

PMID- 3356567
TI  - Misconceptions about malpractice insurance.

PMID- 3356568
TI  - Strategies for control of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes of ruminants.

PMID- 3356569
TI  - Equine ehrlichial colitis: effect of oxytetracycline treatment during the
      incubation period of Ehrlichia risticii infection in ponies.
AB  - Equine ehrlichial colitis was experimentally induced in 18 ponies, using
      Ehrlichia risticii-infected blood. Four ponies (group 1) were treated with
      oxytetracycline (6.6 mg/kg of body weight, IV, q 12 h), beginning 14 hours before
      inoculation and continuing for 5 days after inoculation. Four additional ponies
      (group 2) were treated similarly for 10 days after inoculation. The remaining 10
      ponies were used as nontreated, infected controls. Clinical disease was delayed
      in 3 group-1 ponies and in 4 group-2 ponies. Protective immunity developed in the
      remaining pony that did not develop clinical disease and in 1 group-1 pony and 2
      group-2 ponies that developed mild, transient clinical signs.

PMID- 3356570
TI  - Effect of dorsopalmar projection obliquity on radiographic measurement of distal
      phalangeal rotation angle in horses with laminitis.
AB  - The effect of dorsopalmar projection obliquity on calculation of distal
      phalangeal rotation (DPR) angle was determined in 8 feet obtained from 5 horses
      that had been euthanatized because of laminitis. A true lateromedial view of each
      foot served as a reference, with additional views taken at 5, 10, 15, and 20
      degrees of x-ray tube head rotation in both a dorsal and in a palmar direction.
      Projection obliquity resulted in consistent underestimation of DPR angle. Where
      projection obliquity exceeded 10 degrees, there were significant (P less than
      0.05) differences in DPR angle. The magnitude of underestimation appeared to be
      independent of severity of rotation. A radiographic variable, the mean normalized
      intercondylar distance, was defined and measured on 13 feet so that the angle of
      projection obliquity could be estimated on routine clinical studies.

PMID- 3356572
TI  - Colopexy of the large colon in four horses.
AB  - Colopexy of the left ventral colon to the abdominal wall was performed in 4
      horses with recurrence of large-colon displacement or volvulus. Horses were
      discharged between 5 and 27 days after surgery. At follow-up evaluation (mean,
      10.5 months; range, 7 to 13 months) of the horses, none had recurrence of signs
      of abdominal pain, and all had normal body weight. Three horses were exercised
      regularly; signs of abdominal pain were not observed.

PMID- 3356571
TI  - Colopexy of the equine large colon: comparison of two techniques.
AB  - A study was designed to evaluate 2 colopexy techniques (A and B) in 8 clinically
      normal horses to determine which technique would prevent recurrence of large
      colon displacement and/or volvulus. For technique A, 35 cm of the lateral free
      band of the left ventral colon was sutured to the abdominal wall, 6 cm to the
      left of ventral midline. For technique B, the medial free band of the left
      ventral colon was sutured to the medial free band of the right ventral colon, and
      8 cm of the lateral free band of the left ventral colon was sutured to the
      abdominal wall, 6 cm to the left of ventral midline. One horse from each group
      was euthanatized at 6 months, and another at 12 months after surgery. The
      position of the large colon, the integrity of the colopexy, and other adhesions
      within the abdominal cavity were evaluated. At necropsy, attempts were made to
      manually create displacement and volvulus of the large colon. The remaining
      horses in each group were anesthetized 6 months or 12 months after surgery, and
      the integrity of the colopexy was evaluated. After a 60-day recovery period,
      these horses were exercised for 2 months. Although each horse initially lost
      weight, the weight of all but 2 was acceptable at the conclusion of the study.
      Two horses that had technique-B colopexies had progressive weight loss serious
      enough to warrant euthanasia. Both colopexy techniques prevented manual creation
      of large-colon displacement and large-colon volvulus centered at the sternal and
      diaphragmatic flexures. Technique-A colopexy also prevented manual creation of
      volvulus of the large colon centered at its base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3356573
TI  - Subchondral cystic lesions (osteochondrosis) of the femoral heads in a horse.
AB  - Bilateral subchondral cystic lesions of the femoral head in a horse resulted in
      lameness. The lesions had resulted in degenerative disease in the left
      coxofemoral joint. The cause of lameness was confirmed by use of intra-articular
      anesthesia, joint fluid analysis, and radiography. Subchondral cystic lesions
      involving the femoral head should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      equine lameness localized in the upper portion of the hind limb.

PMID- 3356574
TI  - Septic periorchitis in a horse.
AB  - A 2-month-old Standard-bred colt with signs of abdominal pain and large scrotum
      was found to have septic periorchitis involving the right testis. Surgical
      exploration of the abdomen and scrotum was performed; the colt was then
      castrated. Actinobacillus equuli was isolated from specimens obtained at surgery.
      The colt was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and flunixin meglumine after
      surgery, and fully recovered. The clinical signs of periorchitis in the colt were
      similar to an inguinal/scrotal hernia.

PMID- 3356575
TI  - Duodenal impaction in a horse.
AB  - An 8-cm compressed mass of dry cracked corn was found obstructing the duodenum of
      a horse with signs of colic. The mass was manipulated aborally and removed
      through jejunal enterotomy. The horse recovered and the impaction did not recur.

PMID- 3356576
TI  - Small colon intussusception in a broodmare.
AB  - A 9-year-old pregnant Standardbred broodmare was evaluated for signs of mild
      abdominal pain, failure to defecate, and mild abdominal distention. Rectal
      examination revealed the leading edge of a small colon intussusception, and
      peritoneal fluid analysis indicated suppurative peritonitis. Surgical management,
      including reduction of the intussusception and small colon resection with end-to
      end anastomosis, resulted in successful outcome (1-year follow-up evaluation).
      Postoperative complications including dehiscence of the ventral midline surgical
      incision and simple obstruction at the anastomosis site necessitated a second
      surgical procedure. Small colon intussusception is an uncommon cause of signs of
      abdominal pain and is similar to type-IV rectal prolapse.

PMID- 3356577
TI  - Urachal remnant as a cause of pollakiuria and dysuria in a filly.
AB  - A urachal remnant, causing pollakiuria and dysuria, was diagnosed by rectal
      palpation of a urinary bladder adhesion and endoscopic visualization of a urinary
      bladder diverticulum. Surgical excision of the remnant resulted in relief of
      abnormal micturition, but the filly was euthanatized 9 months after surgery
      because of a chronic ventral midline incisional infection. Pollakiuria and
      dysuria associated with urachal abscessation occur most commonly in calves. This
      report documents the syndrome in a horse.

PMID- 3356578
TI  - Near drowning of a gelding.
AB  - After becoming entangled in safety lines and being submerged in a chlorinated
      swimming pool, a 2-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was evaluated and treated
      successfully. Treatment included antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs,
      bronchodilators, diuretics, humidified oxygen, and surfactant transplant. The
      results of follow-up examination of the gelding 120 days after hospitalization
      were normal.

PMID- 3356579
TI  - Intramural hematoma in the jejunum of a mare.
AB  - An intramural hematoma involving a 40-cm segment of the distal portion of the
      jejunum caused intestinal obstruction and colic in a mature mare. The involved
      intestine was resected, and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The mare
      recovered completely, but 4 years later had colic caused by incarceration and
      volvulus of the distal portion of the jejunum, involving fibrous abdominal
      adhesions. The cause of hematoma was not identified; however, rupture of an
      intramural vessel after migration of Strongylus vulgaris larvae was considered a
      possibility because of the histologic observation of an intense eosinophilic
      infiltrate in the region. Vascular rupture caused by blunt abdominal trauma was
      considered unlikely. Previous descriptions of intramural hematoma in the horse
      have been confined to the small colon.

PMID- 3356580
TI  - Megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia secondary to gastric ulceration in a foal.
AB  - A 3-month-old foal with a history of persistent fever and leukocytosis was found
      to have pneumonia, ulceration of the squamous portion of the stomach, and
      dilatation of the distal portion of the esophagus. The foal was euthanatized and
      necropsied. The distal portion of the esophagus was severely dilated, and there
      was severe ulceration and mural thickening of the stomach at the cardia. Because
      of the severe gastric ulceration and mural thickening, the gastroesophageal
      junction was fixed in an open position, permitting gastroesophageal reflux. The
      megaesophagus and pneumonia were considered to have resulted from chronic
      gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3356581
TI  - Correction of bilateral ureteral defects in a foal.
AB  - Bilateral ureteral defects were diagnosed as the cause of depression and azotemia
      in an 8-day-old Thoroughbred filly. The azotemia resulted from accumulation of
      urine in the retroperitoneal area. A ventral midline laparotomy was performed,
      and defects found in both the left and right ureter were repaired. Uroperitoneum
      and abdominal distention, presumably from urine leakage at the left ureteral
      surgery site, were detected on the fourth postoperative day and necessitated
      abdominal drainage. Thirty-six hours later, the leakage stopped spontaneously,
      and the foal recovered normally. This report should help to differentiate
      ureteral defects in foals from the more common syndrome of ruptured bladder.

PMID- 3356582
TI  - Clinical and diagnostic features of portosystemic shunt in a foal.
AB  - Portosystemic shunt was diagnosed in a 6-month-old Quarter Horse filly with acute
      onset of apparent blindness and a 3-month history of depression, lethargy, and
      ataxia. Clinicopathologic test results indicated slightly high gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase activity and serum total bilirubin concentration.
      Sulfobromophthalein half time was prolonged, and plasma ammonia and serum bile
      acid concentrations were high as well. Histopathologic findings of percutaneous
      liver biopsy included widespread hepatocyte atrophy and numerous prominent small
      arterioles in the area of the portal triad. On the basis of history, clinical
      findings, and clinicopathologic abnormalities, a presumptive diagnosis of
      portosystemic vascular anomaly was made. To confirm the tentative diagnosis,
      nuclear hepatic scintigraphy and operative mesenteric portography were performed.
      Medical treatment was unsuccessful, and the foal was euthanatized. Portosystemic
      shunts have been described in dogs and cats, but few cases have been reported in
      large animal species. Other, more common causes of neurologic abnormalities in
      foals, such as trauma, vertebral body abscesses, brain abscesses, and meningitis,
      must be ruled out before portosystemic shunt is considered.

PMID- 3356583
TI  - Scintigraphic appearance of stress-induced trauma of the dorsal cortex of the
      third metacarpal bone in racing Thoroughbred horses: 121 cases (1978-1986).
AB  - Review of 121 bone scintigrams obtained on racing Thoroughbred horses with
      clinical histories indicative of forelimb lameness revealed 3 scintigraphic
      patterns of stress-induced trauma to the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal
      bone: (1) focal, intense uptake associated with recent stress fracture; (2)
      regional uptake of varying intensity or a mixed pattern of uptake associated with
      chronic stress fracture; and (3) diffuse, mild to moderate uptake associated with
      periostitis (bucked shins). The latter scintigraphic pattern appeared to be an
      exaggerated manifestation of the normal remodeling process evident in immature
      horses (2 to 3 years old). Scintigraphy was most helpful in identifying
      radiographically occult stress fractures, determining the extent of cortical
      involvement before surgical intervention in cases of chronic stress fractures,
      and monitoring the fracture healing process.

PMID- 3356585
TI  - More on negative thinking.

PMID- 3356584
TI  - Genital neoplasms treated by en bloc resection and penile retroversion in horses:
      10 cases (1977-1986).
AB  - The medical records of 10 horses with invasive neoplasms of the penis, prepuce,
      and/or superficial inguinal lymph nodes in which treatment involved en bloc
      resection and penile retroversion were reviewed. All were geldings and ranged in
      age from 12 to 25 years (mean, 19 years). Evaluation of biopsy specimens obtained
      before surgery confirmed lymphosarcoma in 1 horse and squamous cell carcinoma in
      9 horses. Typical history included swelling, ulceration, and abscessation of the
      penis and prepuce and large superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Complications after
      surgery included dehiscence of the urethrostomy site (4 horses), dehiscence of
      the ventral skin incision (1 horse), urine scalding of 1 hind limb (1 horse),
      cystitis (1 horse), severe hemorrhage (1 horse), and diarrhea (1 horse). One
      horse was euthanatized during hospitalization, because of severe dehydration
      secondary to diarrhea. At necropsy, firm nodules were scattered in the pulmonary
      parenchyma, myocardium, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, cranial mediastinum,
      kidneys, and hilar lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the nodules revealed
      undifferentiated carcinoma. Nine horses were discharged from the hospital between
      1 and 5 weeks after surgery. The mean follow-up interval was 27 months (range, 6
      to 96 months). Eight horses had no evidence of recurrence. One horse had
      recurrence of neoplasm at 6 months and was euthanatized 12 months later.

PMID- 3356586
TI  - Improper use of flea collars.

PMID- 3356587
TI  - New viewpoint on rabies vaccine problem.

PMID- 3356588
TI  - Thinking vs doing.

PMID- 3356589
TI  - Financial impact of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs.
AB  - The financial impact of an epizootic of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs was
      evaluated in a California sow herd through estimating growth, feed, and profit
      functions. Two groups of pigs were studied: pigs born before and surviving the
      epizootic (epizootic [E] pigs), and pigs born after the epizootic (postepizootic
      [PE] pigs). Short-term profits were maximized at 165 days for both groups of
      pigs, ranging from $47.14 for female E pigs to $60.32 for male PE pigs.
      Accordingly, it was concluded that pigs surviving or born shortly after a
      transmissible gastroenteritis epizootic are profitable to raise, if raised under
      management conditions similar to those in the study herd.

PMID- 3356590
TI  - Scrotal circumference measurements on young Holstein bulls.
AB  - Scrotal circumference was measured on all young Holstein bulls entering an
      artificial insemination center over a 57-month period. A total of 3,008
      measurements were taken on 723 bulls between the ages of 5 and 18 months. Mean
      scrotal circumference, standard deviation, and 10th and 25th percentile
      statistics were calculated for each one-month interval between 5 and 18 months of
      age. Scrotal circumference increased as a logarithmic function of age and was
      best described by a quadratic regression equation. This information provides the
      veterinary practitioner with indices for normal scrotal circumference
      measurements for young Holstein bulls, and an estimate of the scrotal
      circumference growth curve.

PMID- 3356591
TI  - Progressive retinal atrophy in Tibetan terriers.
AB  - Progressive retinal atrophy was studied in 17 Tibetan Terriers. The diagnosis was
      made on the basis of clinical signs of the disease, retinal histopathologic
      findings, or both. Affected dogs were the progeny of matings of affected or
      ophthalmoscopically normal dogs. Results of the mating supported a simple
      autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The disease initially could be diagnosed
      by findings of night blindness and ophthalmoscopic signs of tapetal
      hyperreflectivity in affected dogs that were approximately 1 year old.
      Electroretinograms recorded from affected dogs, compared with those of clinically
      normal dogs of the same age, did not reveal appreciable abnormalities until
      affected dogs were 10 months old, at which time a reduction in the amplitude of
      the b wave was seen in response to a Ganzfeld white-light stimulus. The peak
      times of the response were unaffected. With progression of the disease, the
      electroretinographic b-wave amplitude was gradually reduced, and the
      electroretinographic response was extinguished in affected dogs by the time they
      were 30 months old. Early in the disease, rod and cone functions were affected
      equally, with more rapid loss of rod function developing only later in the
      disease. Fluorescein angiography of affected dogs did not reveal abnormalities
      earlier than could be detected by ophthalmoscopy. Despite the
      electroretinographic findings, histopathologic findings included patchy
      disorientation and disorganization of the outer segments of rods and cones in
      affected dogs as young as 9 weeks. With progression of the disease, rods were
      lost at a faster rate than cones, and atrophy of the inner retinal layer was
      observed.

PMID- 3356592
TI  - Coagulase-positive staphylococcal mastitis in a herd with low somatic cell
      counts.
AB  - An increase in clinical mastitis infections was observed in a high-producing 77
      cow Holstein herd. Low bulk tank somatic cell counts and individual cow Dairy
      Herd Improvement Association somatic cell counts observed before, during, and
      after the epizootic were suggestive of herd environmental mastitis. However,
      bacteriologic culture survey of the total herd indicated that, in addition to
      infections possibly attributable to environmental pathogens, 22% (17/77) of the
      cows were infected with coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. Conceivably,
      investigative efforts and management changes, without bacteriologic culturing,
      might have resulted in reduction of the clinical infection rate in this herd.
      However, the continued high prevalence of a contagious pathogen with potential
      future implications would have gone unnoticed. Somatic cell count in milk from
      individual cows generally is a useful tool for monitoring the probability of
      intramammary infection, but must be complemented with bacteriologic culture of
      milk to determine whether contagious or environmental pathogens are responsible.

PMID- 3356593
TI  - A new approach for obtaining blood samples from pigs.
AB  - To determine the site of venipuncture in the right jugular fossa of swine, a new
      orientation method, using a pair of imaginary lines and established anatomic
      landmarks, was developed. Using this method, blood samples were obtained rapidly
      from the brachiocephalic veins of 155 15- to 137-kg swine. Samples were of
      sufficient quantity and quality to provide excellent specimens for herd health
      maintenance and diagnostic tests. Major adverse reactions were not observed in
      any pig from which a sample was taken.

PMID- 3356594
TI  - Abomasal dilatation and emptying defect in a ewe.
AB  - On the basis of chronic weight loss, bilateral asymmetric abdominal distention,
      ballottement of a large abomasum, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and high
      rumen chloride concentration, an adult Suffolk ewe was diagnosed as having an
      abomasal emptying defect. In this ewe, and in 4 of 7 other sheep diagnosed as
      having abomasal emptying defects, aspartate transaminase and sorbitol
      dehydrogenase activities were high, and histopathologic evidence of hepatic
      congestion and ischemia was found. It was theorized that increased intra
      abdominal pressure from abomasal distention may be the cause of the hepatic
      abnormalities. These changes have not been previously associated with ovine
      abomasal emptying defect, the pathogenic mechanism of which remains unclear.

PMID- 3356595
TI  - Cerebellar infarction caused by arterial thrombosis in a dog.
AB  - A cerebellar infarction was found to be caused by a vascular thrombosis in a dog.
      The cause of the thrombosis was not determined. The dog had signs of a central
      vestibular disturbance. Scintigraphic imaging of the brain revealed evidence of
      increased uptake of the radionucleotide within the cranial vault. Analysis of CSF
      revealed albuminocytologic dissociation. Histologically, there was severe,
      locally extensive, well-demarcated hemorrhagic necrosis within the left
      cerebellar hemisphere. A mural thrombus was evident within a large meningeal
      artery. Although thrombosis of cerebrospinal vessels is rare in the dog, it
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a cause of acute CNS
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3356596
TI  - Idiopathic pleural effusion in a dog.
AB  - Idiopathic pleural effusion was diagnosed in a 4-year-old female Poodle.
      Treatment included giving low doses of furosemide for 5 months and giving low
      doses of prednisone that eventually were given on alternate days and discontinued
      16 months after initial evaluation. Idiopathic pleural effusion in this dog was
      eosinophilic. The clinical importance and diagnostic value of this finding were
      not determined. In man, idiopathic pleural effusions have a high correlation with
      eosinophilic pleural effusions.

PMID- 3356597
TI  - Bacillus piliformis infection in an adult dog.
AB  - Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) was diagnosed in a 7-year-old
      spayed dog that had icterus, hepatosplenomegaly, and polyuria. Hematology
      revealed regenerative anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia.
      Serum chemical analyses indicated hypocalcemia, high alkaline phosphatase
      activity, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia. At necropsy, the liver was
      stippled with gray-white focal lesions. Microscopically, the liver lesions were
      necrotic and inflammatory. Warthin-Starry-stained sections revealed rod-shaped
      bacteria in crisscrossing patterns characteristic of B piliformis. This dog was
      considerably older than dogs previously reported to have Tyzzer's disease and had
      a concurrent systemic hyphomycosis, suggesting it had been immunocompromised.

PMID- 3356598
TI  - Polycythemia associated with renal fibrosarcoma in a dog.
AB  - A 10-year-old Beagle-type dog with intermittent vomiting and anorexia had an
      absolute polycythemic condition. A renal mass was detected and removed by total
      nephrectomy. After surgery, the hematologic values returned to normal, suggesting
      that the tumor was the cause of the polycythemia. The histologic diagnosis was
      fibrosarcoma. In dogs, secondary polycythemia has otherwise been reported with
      renal carcinoma and lymphosarcoma.

PMID- 3356599
TI  - Bilateral hydronephrosis attributable to bilateral ureteral fibrosis in a cat.
AB  - A 4-year-old castrated male Burmese cat was evaluated because of nonregenerative
      anemia (PCV, 20%) and was found to have renal failure. Renal ultrasonography
      revealed bilateral hydronephrosis. Antegrade pyelography of the right kidney
      failed to indicate obstructive disease. Necropsy and histologic examination of
      the ureters revealed a markedly stenotic lumen and massive fibrosis of the
      mucosa. An etiologic agent could not be found.

PMID- 3356600
TI  - Incomplete palmar fracture of the proximal extremity of the third metacarpal bone
      in horses: ten cases (1981-1986).
AB  - In 4 adult horses, simple, nondisplaced, incomplete fracture of the proximal
      extremity of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) was identified radiographically only
      on the dorsopalmar projection. Lameness was slight to moderate. Although nerve
      blocks of the foot and fetlock did not alter the lameness, high palmar regional
      nerve block improved the gait in 1 of the 2 horses on which it was performed.
      Pain on palpation or swollen distal accessory (inferior check) ligament, flexor
      tendons, and suspensory ligament were not found in any horse. The fracture was
      localized to the palmar surface of the proximal extremity of the MC3 on the basis
      of the intense uptake of radiopharmaceutical (99MTc-labeled sodium medronate)
      observed in that area during the soft tissue and delayed bone phases of a nuclear
      scintigraphic examination (nuclear scan) performed concurrently with radiography.
      Of 4 horses evaluated 6 months after the initial diagnosis, 3 had medullary
      sclerosis without radiographic evidence of fracture; results of follow-up nuclear
      scintigraphy performed in one of these horses at the same time were normal.
      Incomplete fracture also was suspected in another 6 adult horses with clinical
      lameness referable to the proximal extremity of the MC3. Although a fracture line
      could not be seen radiographically, trabecular hypertrophy and/or medullary
      sclerosis of the proximal extremity of the MC3 were detected on the dorsopalmar
      projection. Further, during nuclear scintigraphy, an intense uptake of the
      radiopharmaceutical was observed on the palmar aspect of the proximal extremity
      of the MC3 in all 6 horses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356601
TI  - Complications of umbilical hernias in horses: 13 cases (1972-1986).
AB  - Of 147 horses treated for umbilical hernias over a 13.5-year period, 13 horses
      (8.8%) developed complications in association with umbilical defects. Six horses
      had intestinal incarceration; the incarceration was reduced manually in 3 horses
      before admission, resolved without treatment in 2 others, and was surgically
      reduced in one. Herniorrhaphy was performed on 4 of the 5 horses in which the
      incarceration did not require surgical reduction, and the fifth was managed
      conservatively. A horse with a parietal hernia and a horse with intestinal
      stragulation were treated surgically; in the latter, the involved intestine was
      resected. These 8 horses recovered. Three horses developed an umbilical abscess
      and 2 developed an enterocutaneous fistula through their umbilical hernias. Four
      of these horses responded well to surgery, but one horse with an enterocutaneous
      fistula died from electrolyte imbalances and peritonitis after an unsuccessful
      attempt at simple closure. The results of this study confirmed that complications
      of umbilical hernias are rare in horses; however, when they do develop, they may
      be one of various forms, some of which are insidious in onset.

PMID- 3356602
TI  - Livestock producers' ratings of alternative veterinary information sources.

PMID- 3356603
TI  - Crisamicin C, a new isochromanequinone antibiotic. Isolation, structure
      determination, and biosynthesis.
AB  - Micromonospora purpureochromogenes subsp. halotolerans was found to produce
      crisamicin C, a novel antibiotic, together with crisamicin A. Crisamicin C was
      purified by silica gel column chromatography and its physico-chemical properties,
      structure and biosynthesis were studied. Crisamicin C, mp 260 degrees C (dec),
      showed UV maxima at 392 (epsilon 9,497), 261 (epsilon 32,959) and 232 nm (epsilon
      24,623) in CH3CN, and gave an IR spectrum with absorbances at 1782 (lactone),
      1705 and 1655 (quinone) cm-1. Crisamicin C plasma desorption mass spectrometry
      (PD-MS) m/z 615.9 [M + H)+, hydroquinone) was 16 amu higher than crisamicin A PD
      MS m/z 600 [M + H)+, hydroquinone) suggesting that the two antibiotics differ by
      one additional oxygen in crisamicin C. Analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra, in
      comparison with those of crisamicin A, indicated that crisamicin C was the 4'a,
      10'a epoxide derivative of crisamicin A. Carbon-thirteen labeled acetate feeding
      experiments were used to confirm the positions of the epoxide and other
      structural features. Crisamicin C was a more potent antibiotic than crisamicin A,
      but shared the same spectrum of antimicrobial activity (Gram-positive only).

PMID- 3356604
TI  - New paulomycins produced by Streptomyces paulus.
AB  - Paulomycin A2 (C34H46N2O17S), paulomycin C (C32H42N2O17S), paulomycin D
      (C31H40N2O17S), paulomycin E (C29H36N2O16S) and paulomycin F (C29H38N2O16S) have
      been isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces paulus strain 273. The structure
      of these compounds was determined using NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques.
      The new paulomycins, like paulomycins A and B (J. Antibiotics 35: 285-294, 1982)
      are highly active mainly against Gram-positive organisms.

PMID- 3356605
TI  - Studies on cephalosporin antibiotics. I. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and
      oral absorption of new 3-(O-substituted)-7 beta-[D-alpha-amino-alpha-(4
      hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]cephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral absorption of new 7 beta-[D-alpha
      amino-alpha-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]cephalosporins (1) with various O
      substituents at the C-3 position of a cephalosporin nucleus are described. Of
      these, the cephalosporins (1b-1e) having an alkoxycarbonylmethoxy group at the C
      3 position showed good oral absorption in rats as well as potent activity against
      Gram-positive bacteria. The structure-activity relationships of 1 are also
      presented.

PMID- 3356606
TI  - Studies on cephalosporin antibiotics. II. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and
      oral absorption of 3-alkoxycarbonylmethoxy-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2
      (O-substituted oxyimino)-acetamido]cephalosporins.
AB  - The synthesis, antibacterial activity and oral absorption in rats of 3
      alkoxycarbonyl-methoxy-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(O-substituted
      oxyimino)acetamido]cephalosporins (1) are described. In this cephalosporin
      series, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxy-methoxyimino)acetamid o]
      cephalosporins (1b, 1i and 1j) with a lower alkoxycarbonylmethoxy group at the C
      3 position of a cephem nucleus exhibited not only potent activity against Gram
      negative bacteria but also good oral absorption in rats. Structure-activity
      relationships of 1 are also presented.

PMID- 3356608
TI  - Reassignment of the structure for the antitumor agent RR-150.
AB  - 7-Cysteaminomitosane (RR-150) has been reported to be superior to mitomycin C
      against P388 leukemia and B-16 melanoma in mice and is less leukopenic. Studies
      reported here indicated the absence of a free thiol group in RR-150 and therefore
      the structure was incorrectly assigned. Reaction of mitomycin A with either 2
      aminoethanethiol or cystamine gave the same disulfide, 7-N,7'-N'
      dithiodiethylenedimitomycin C, which is the newly proposed structure for RR-150.
      Attempts to produce 7-cysteaminomitosane by reduction of the disulfide have not
      succeeded because of its apparent instability.

PMID- 3356607
TI  - Synthesis and antileukemic activity of N-enamine derivatives of daunorubicin, 5
      iminodaunorubicin, and doxorubicin.
AB  - Eleven N-enamine derivatives of daunorubicin and of its 5-imino analogue as well
      as of doxorubicin have been synthesized and evaluated for antileukemic activity
      in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of biological activities of examined compounds
      with other enamine derivatives of daunorubicin, reported earlier by us, has
      indicated that the optimal activity is shown by N-(1-carboethoxypropen-1-yl
      2)daunorubicin.

PMID- 3356609
TI  - The molecular basis of kirromycin (mocimycin) action; a 1H NMR study using
      deuterated elongation factor Tu.
AB  - The binding of the antibiotic kirromycin (mocimycin) to its target protein,
      bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy
      using deuterated protein. Narrow lines were observed in the spectrum of the
      unbound protein (due to residual protons) and in the spectrum of the kirromycin
      EF-Tu complex. The spectrum of the complex has been compared with the spectra of
      the unbound protein and the unbound drug, and the results are interpreted in
      terms of the mode of antibiotic action of kirromycin.

PMID- 3356610
TI  - A simple screening method for insecticidal substances from actinomycetes.
AB  - A simple and selective assay system was developed in the search for new
      insecticidal substances from Actinomycetales strains propagated on solid culture
      media. The strains were first tested for their ability to produce antimicrobial
      compounds. Only strains displaying weak or no activity were retained and screened
      in the insecticidal bioassay. Microbial solid cultures were given as food to
      larvae and to adults of Musca domestica to detect insecticide producers. A second
      phase, after extraction of the active compounds, consisted of an evaluation of
      the insecticidal potency and a primarily biological identification of the
      products synthesized by the selected strain. Of 6,280 actinomycete strains which
      were screened, 47 were active but only 30 of these were finally chosen in the
      second phase of screening. All these strains, except one, produced known
      metabolites such as piericidins, avermectins or valinomycin. The one strain,
      CL307-24, and its insecticide products appeared novel and will be the topic of
      further study.

PMID- 3356611
TI  - The antiproliferative action of deoxyspergualin is different from that induced by
      amine oxidase.
AB  - The amine oxidase activities contained in calf serum and human serum were
      detected at levels of 90.8 and less than 0.1 nmol O2/minute/ml serum,
      respectively, by measuring oxygen consumption coupled with spermidine oxidation.
      Deoxyspergualin (NKT-01) and spergualin (SGL) containing spermidine in their
      structure were also oxidized in calf serum at the rate of 3.6 and 11.6 nmol
      O2/minute/ml serum, respectively. To investigate whether amine oxidase is
      essential for NKT-01 and SGL to exhibit their antiproliferative activities or
      not, the in vitro activities of NKT-01, SGL and polyamines against L1210 cells
      were examined in the presence of calf or human serum. Polyamines exhibited
      antiproliferative activity only in the presence of calf serum, while NKT-01 and
      SGL inhibited cell growth in the presence of both calf and human serum. In the
      presence of calf serum the activity of NKT-01 was inhibited by aminoguanidine, an
      amine oxidase inhibitor. Aminoguanidine did not inhibit the activity of NKT-01 in
      the presence of human serum. The activity of NKT-01 was shown at much lower
      concentrations in the presence of human serum than that in the presence of calf
      serum, and was strongly dependent on incubation time. The in vivo activities of
      NKT-01, SGL and SGL derivatives correlated with their in vitro activities in the
      presence of human serum. These results suggest that the in vivo antitumor
      activities of NKT-01, SGL and SGL derivatives may be attributed to a mechanism
      different from those of amine oxidase-oxidized product and represent a novel
      growth inhibitory action.

PMID- 3356612
TI  - Effect of the hydroxyl group of the p-hydroxyphenyl moiety of aspoxicillin, a
      semisynthetic penicillin, on its pharmacokinetic property.
AB  - The serum concentrations, urinary and biliary excretions of six penicillin
      derivatives including aspoxicillin (ASPC) were studied in rats and the
      correlation between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters thus obtained and
      the Rm values measured by means of reversed phase TLC were analyzed. Among the
      penicillins studied, the hydrophilicity of amoxicillin was the highest (the
      lowest Rm value), which was followed by those of ASPC, ampicillin, p
      hydroxypiperacillin, dehydroxyaspoxicillin and piperacillin in descending order.
      These Rm values were then correlated with the AUC values at 20 mg/kg of dosing,
      giving the results that more hydrophilic penicillins having a hydroxyl group show
      higher serum concentrations as well as greater AUC values. The studies of
      correlation between the Rm values and the urinary or biliary excretion revealed
      that hydrophilic penicillins were almost excreted into urine, but more
      hydrophobic ones were mainly eliminated into bile. From the above results, a
      hydroxyl group introduced to the phenyl group of ASPC was considered to have a
      role that increases the hydrophilicity of ASPC, giving higher and longer
      persistency of the serum levels and increasing the excretion of drugs into urine.

PMID- 3356613
TI  - Setamycin, a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic. Identification and nematocidal
      activity.

PMID- 3356614
TI  - Precursor directed biosynthesis of paulomycin C by methionine.

PMID- 3356615
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for erythromycin derivatives.

PMID- 3356616
TI  - Aurantinin B, a new antimicrobial antibiotic from bacterial origin.

PMID- 3356617
TI  - A multicentre study of flumequine in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
AB  - The efficacy and safety of flumequine were evaluated in the treatment of 121
      cases uncomplicated (65.5%) and complicated (34.5%) urinary tract infections
      (UTI) when given as a dose of 400 mg bd. Duration of treatment ranged from 7-15
      days, with a mean of 10. Thirty days post-therapy, cure persisted in 92.3% of the
      patients with uncomplicated UTI and in 53.7% of those with complicated UTI.
      Relapse or re-infection occurred in 34.1% of the patients with complicated UTI,
      and in 12.2%, the infecting organism did not respond to treatment. Flumequine was
      generally well tolerated. In 27.3% of patients gastrointestinal, and neurological
      disorders and skin rashes developed which in most cases were mild. Only two
      patients were withdrawn from the treatment. It is concluded that flumequine,
      administered at 800 mg daily, is highly effective in treating uncomplicated and
      complicated UTI.

PMID- 3356618
TI  - Imipenem-cilastatin in the treatment of respiratory infections in patients with
      chronic airways obstruction.
AB  - Chest infections with organisms resistant to conventional antibiotics are common
      in patients with chronic lung disease. We have studied the use of imipenem in 40
      (28 M 12 F) patients admitted for treatment of chest infections. Patients were
      treated with imipenem 0.5 g four times daily by intravenous infusion for 6.3 +/-
      1.6 (S.D.) days. Forty-six respiratory pathogens were cultured from 36 patients
      including 18 Haemophilus influenzae, 6 H. parainfluenzae, 6 Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 6 Branhamella catarrhalis. Forty-three
      of the 46 isolates were sensitive to imipenem, 28 to ampicillin, 33 to
      tetracycline and 35 to cotrimoxazole. Thirty-eight of the 40 patients improved
      clinically, and 34 of the 36 patients with positive sputum culture had no
      pathogens in their sputum after treatment. Twenty patients developed minor
      phlebitis at the infusion site but there were few other side effects. Imipenem
      may prove useful in the treatment of chest infections, particularly when the
      organism is resistant to conventional antibiotics.

PMID- 3356619
TI  - Antibiotic dispensing by drug store personnel in Bangkok, Thailand.
AB  - The current pattern of antibiotic use by drug store personnel in Bangkok was
      examined. Ten well-trained medical students (simulated patients) presented to 40
      randomly selected drug stores with common complaints, namely urethral discharge,
      acute watery diarrhoea, fever with sore throat, coryza, skin infection and acute
      dysuria. Analysis of medications obtained revealed that 50-100% of drug stores
      dispensed antibiotics for each condition. Co-trimoxazole, ampicillin,
      chloramphenicol, penicillin V and tetracycline were commonly given. Most
      antibiotics were dispensed inappropriately with respect to choice of drug and
      duration of treatment. The cost per treatment varied from 20 cents to 6 $US.
      Strategies to promote rational use are proposed.

PMID- 3356620
TI  - In-vitro activity of ampicillin/sulbactam against cefoxitin-resistant anaerobic
      bacteria.

PMID- 3356621
TI  - Effect of antibiotics carry-over on bacterial counting by 'spiral plating'.

PMID- 3356622
TI  - Interactions between antibacterial agents of the quinolone group and
      nitrofurantoin.
AB  - Plate diffusion tests showed that nitrofurantoin antagonized the activity of
      nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin against many Gram
      negative bacilli, including all Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella aerogenes
      strains tested. No interaction was exhibited when nitrofurantoin and the newer
      quinolones were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci or
      streptococci. Antagonism was not reliably demonstrated in chessboard titrations,
      especially with the newer quinolones. Continuous turbidimetric monitoring
      revealed that antagonism in Pr. mirabilis was associated with abolition of the
      bacteriolytic response to quinolones and parallel viable counts established that
      the bactericidal effect of quinolones was suppressed. Apparent potentiation of
      the effect of nitrofurantoin by nalidixic acid and other quinolones against Pr.
      mirabilis appeared to be caused by inhibition of swarming into the nitrofurantoin
      inhibition zone.

PMID- 3356623
TI  - The effect of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics.

PMID- 3356624
TI  - Efficacy of albendazole against Strongyloides ratti and S. stercoralis in vitro,
      in mice, and in normal and immunosuppressed dogs.
AB  - In view of conflicting clinical reports, the effects of albendazole on
      Strongyloides were examined in vitro and in experimentally-infected animals.
      Albendazole inhibited the hatching and moulting of S. ratti eggs and larvae and
      prevented the development in vitro of S. stercoralis first-stage larvae. Pre
      exposure to the drug did not impair the infectivity of either S. ratti or S.
      stercoralis third-stage larvae. Albendazole had a dose-dependent inhibitory
      effect on S. ratti migrating larvae in mice when measured in terms of the numbers
      of larvae recovered from the skin or lungs or the subsequent development of a
      patent infection. Likewise, killing of adult S. ratti in the gut and eradication
      of S. stercoralis third-stage larvae from the muscles of mice were dose
      dependent. Albendazole in a dose of 100 mg twice daily for three days given at
      the time of infection with S. stercoralis of immunocompetent dogs prevented
      completely the subsequent development of patent infection. When the drug was
      given in the same dosage to immunosuppressed dogs with patent infections, the
      larvae disappeared from the stools transiently; when the animals were killed
      seven weeks after treatment, small numbers of adult worms and rhabditiform larvae
      were found in the gut. It is concluded that albendazole may be effective
      treatment for strongyloidiasis if it is given in sufficiently large doses.

PMID- 3356625
TI  - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of intravenously administered CGP
      31608.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of CGP 31608, a new injectable penem antibiotic, were
      studied following a 1 g intravenous infusion. Concentrations were determined in
      serum, urine and cantharidin-induced inflammatory fluid by a microbiological
      assay. Peak serum concentrations were achieved at, or before the end of, the 1 h
      infusion, with a mean of 24.9 mg/l occurring at 0.8 h. The mean serum elimination
      half-life was 0.5 h, with no detectable drug in serum after 3 h. Inflammatory
      fluid was penetrated rapidly with a mean peak level of 10.5 mg/l occurring at 1.3
      h (i.e. 20 min after the end of the infusion). Urinary elimination of CGP 31608
      accounted for 52.1% of the administered dose within an hour of finishing the
      infusion, and 57.1% by 12 h. This study suggests that therapeutic serum levels
      (greater than 8 mg/l) are present for about 1.5 h after starting a 1 h infusion,
      and in inflammatory fluid for about 2.5 h. Unless a dose in excess of 1 g is
      used, CGP 31608 will probably have to be given four or more times a day.

PMID- 3356626
TI  - Pleural liquid pressure measured with rib capsules in anesthetized ponies.
AB  - Pleural liquid pressure was measured at end expiration in 11 spontaneously
      breathing anesthetized ponies in the prone and supine positions. A liquid-filled
      capsule was implanted into a rib to measure pleural liquid pressure with minimal
      distortion of the pleural space (Wiener-Kronish et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 597
      602, 1985). Capsule position relative to lung height was measured from thoracic
      radiographs taken in each position. In each body position, pleural liquid
      pressure was most negative in the superior lung regions and least negative in the
      inferior lung regions. In the supine position, the magnitude of the vertical
      gradient in pleural liquid pressure was 0.67 cmH2O/cm ht and was not
      significantly different from 1 cmH2O/cm ht. In the inferior lung regions (less
      than 50% lung ht), pleural liquid pressure averaged -1.3 cmH2O, indicating a low
      transpulmonary pressure over the region of the chest where most of the lung mass
      is located. When animals were in the prone position, the magnitude of the
      vertical gradient in pleural liquid pressure was 0.14 cmH2O/cm ht and was not
      statistically different from 0 cmH2O/cm ht. In each body position, mean
      transpulmonary pressure, measured postmortem, was similar to the estimated
      magnitude of pleural liquid pressure at 50% lung ht. This suggests that pleural
      liquid pressure is closely related to pleural surface pressure. These results are
      consistent with the poor ventilation distribution and reduced lung volumes
      measured in anesthetized horses in the supine position compared with values
      measured in horses in the prone position.

PMID- 3356627
TI  - Systemic adenosine deaminase administration does not reduce active hyperemia in
      running rats.
AB  - The importance of adenosine in controlling the magnitude and distribution of
      blood flow among and within skeletal muscles in rats during slow locomotor
      exercise was tested by systemic infusion of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Blood
      flows were measured using labeled microspheres before exercise and at 0.5, 15,
      and 30 min of fast treadmill walking at 15 m/min. An initial infusion of ADA
      (1,000 U/kg) was given 30 min before the first blood flow measurement and a
      second injection (1,000 U/kg) was given 5 min into exercise. These infusions
      maintained ADA activity above 5 U/ml blood throughout the experimental period.
      This plasma concentration of ADA was shown to be sufficient to result in a 64%
      decrease in muscle adenosine levels during ischemic contraction. Blood flows were
      measured in all of the muscles of the hindlimb (28 samples) and in various
      nonmuscular tissues in ADA-treated and control rats. Preexercise blood flows were
      primarily directed to slow-twitch muscles and exercise blood flows were highest
      in muscles with fast-twitch oxidative fibers. ADA treatment did not reduce total
      muscle blood flow or exercise blood flows in any of the muscles at any time.
      These findings do not support the hypothesis that adenosine plays an essential
      role in controlling muscle blood flow in skeletal muscles during normal locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 3356629
TI  - Clearance of surfactant phosphatidylcholine from adult rabbit lungs.
AB  - Rabbits were given various doses of rabbit surfactant and treatment doses of
      approximately 100 mg/kg body wt of calf surfactant and Surfactant TA by tracheal
      injection. The linear loss of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine from the total
      lung (alveolar wash and lung tissue) was 3.1, 1.5, and 1.8%/h for rabbit
      surfactant, calf surfactant, and Surfactant TA, respectively. After 24 h only 6%
      rabbit, 19% calf, and 9.7% Surfactant TA phosphatidylcholine were recovered by
      alveolar wash, and alveolar macrophage fractions contained less than 1% of the
      injected labeled phosphatidylcholine. The loss of rabbit surfactant
      phosphatidylcholine 24 h after tracheal injection did not change for doses in the
      range of 0.5-70 mumol phosphatidylcholine per kilogram, indicating nonsaturable
      clearance pathways. Very little of the labeled rabbit surfactant
      phosphatidylcholine lost from the lungs could be recovered in other organs, and
      90% of the recovered labeled phosphatidylcholine in the liver was unsaturated,
      implying de novo synthesis using precursors from degraded phosphatidylcholine.
      The surfactant did not change endogenous lung phosphatidylcholine synthesis or
      its secretion to the alveolus. There were no adverse effects of the surfactant
      treatments noted in healthy rabbits.

PMID- 3356628
TI  - Blood glutathione oxidation during human exercise.
AB  - To examine the effects of increased O2 utilization on the glutathione antioxidant
      system in blood, eight moderately trained male volunteers were exercised to peak
      O2 consumption (VO2peak) and for 90 min at 65% of VO2peak on a cycle ergometer.
      Blood samples were taken during exercise, and for up to 4 days of recovery from
      submaximal exercise. During exercise to VO2peak, blood reduced glutathione (GSH)
      and total glutathione [GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG)] did not change
      significantly. Lactate (L), pyruvate (P), and L/P increased significantly from
      rest values (P less than 0.01). During prolonged submaximal exercise, GSH
      decreased 60% from control, and GSSG increased 100%. Total glutathione, glucose,
      pyruvate, and lactate concentrations and L/P did not change significantly during
      sustained exercise. During recovery, GSH and GSH/GSSG increased from exercise
      levels and significantly overshot preexercise levels, reaching maximum values
      after 3 days. Oxidation of GSH during submaximal exercise and its reduction in
      recovery suggest increased formation of active O2-. species in blood during
      physical exercise in moderately trained males.

PMID- 3356630
TI  - Limitations on locomotor performance in squid.
AB  - An empirical equation relating O2 consumption (power input) to pressure
      production during jet-propelled swimming in the squid (Illex illecebrosus) is
      compared with hydrodynamic estimates of the pressure-flow power output also
      calculated from pressure data. Resulting estimates of efficiency and stress
      indicate that the circularly arranged obliquely striated muscles in squid mantle
      produce maximum tensions about half those of vertebrate cross-striated muscle,
      that "anaerobic" fibers contribute to aerobic swimming, and that peak pressure
      production requires an instantaneous power output higher than is thought possible
      for muscle. Radial muscles probably contribute additional energy via elastic
      storage in circular collagen fibers. Although higher rates of aerobic power
      consumption are only found in terrestrial animals at much higher temperatures,
      the constraint on squid performance is circulation, not ventilation. Anaerobic
      power consumption is also among the highest ever measured, but the division of
      labor between "aerobic" and "anaerobic" fibers suggests a system designed to
      optimize the limited capacity of the circulation.

PMID- 3356631
TI  - Regulation of end-expiratory lung volume during exercise.
AB  - We determined the effects of exercise on active expiration and end-expiratory
      lung volume (EELV) during steady-state exercise in 13 healthy subjects. We also
      addressed the questions of what affects active expiration during exercise.
      Exercise effects on EELV were determined by a He-dilution technique and verified
      by changes in end-expiratory esophageal pressure. We also used abdominal pressure
      volume loops to determine active expiration. EELV was reduced with increasing
      exercise intensity. EELV was reduced significantly during even mild steady-state
      exercise and during heavy exercise decreased an average of 0.71 +/- 0.3 liter.
      Dynamic lung compliance was reduced 30-50%; EELV remained greater than closing
      volume. Changing the resistance to airflow (via SF6-O2 or He-O2 breathing) during
      steady-state exercise changed the peak gastric and esophageal pressure generation
      during expiration but did not alter EELV; breathing through the mouthpiece
      produced similar effects during exercise. EELV was significantly reduced in the
      supine position. With supine exercise active expiration was not elicited, and
      EELV remained the same as in supine rest. With CO2-driven hyperpnea (7-70 l/min),
      EELV remained unchanged from resting levels, whereas during exercise, at similar
      minute ventilation (VE) values EELV was consistently decreased. At the same VE,
      treadmill running caused an increase in tonic gastric pressure and greater
      reductions in EELV than either walking or cycling. We conclude that both the
      exercise stimulus and the resultant hyperpnea stimulate active expiration and a
      reduced FRC. This new EELV is preserved in the face of moderate changes in
      mechanical time constants of the lung. This reduced EELV during exercise aids
      inspiration by optimizing diaphragmatic length and permitting elastic recoil of
      the chest wall.

PMID- 3356632
TI  - Effect of increased alveolar surface tension on segmental pulmonary vascular
      resistance.
AB  - The site of change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after surfactant
      displacement with the detergent diocytl sodium sulfosuccinate (OT) was studied in
      the isolated canine left lower lobe preparation. Changes in PVR were assessed
      using the arterial and venous occlusion technique and the vascular pressure-flow
      relationship. Changes in alveolar surface tension were confirmed from
      measurements of pulmonary compliance as well as from measurements of surface
      tension of extracts from lung homogenates. After surfactant depletion (the
      perfusion rate constant) the total pressure gradient (delta PT) across the lobe
      increased from 13.4 +/- 1 to 17.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg. This increase in delta PT was
      associated with a significant increase in the arterial and venous gradients (3.7
      +/- 0.3 to 4.9 +/- 0.4 and 5.7 +/- 0.5 to 9.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively) and a
      decrease in middle pressure gradient (4.1 +/- 0.8 to 2.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg). The
      vascular pressure-flow relationship supported these findings and showed that the
      mean slope increased by 52% (P less than 0.05), whereas the pressure intercept
      decreased slightly but not significantly (3.7 +/- 0.7 to 3.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg). These
      results suggest that the resistance of arteries and veins increases, whereas the
      resistance of the middle segment decreases after surfactant depletion. These
      effects were apparently due to surface tension that acts directly on the
      capillary wall. Direct visualization of subpleural capillaries supported the
      notion that capillaries become distended and recruited as alveolar surface
      tension increases. In the normal lung (perfused at constant-flow rate) changes in
      alveolar pressure (Palv) were transmitted fully to the capillaries as suggested
      by equal changes in pulmonary arterial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356633
TI  - Expiratory flow limitation in dogs with regional changes in lung mechanical
      properties.
AB  - We examined maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) in two canine preparations in which
      regional changes in lung mechanical properties were produced. In one experiment
      serial bronchial obstructions were made to determine whether flow-limiting sites
      (choke points, CP) would occur in series. With the right lung tied off,
      constrictions were placed at the left lower lobar bronchus (LLL) and left main
      stem bronchus. On deflation from total lung capacity, the obstructed LLL and
      nonobstructed left upper lobe (LUL) emptied into the obstructed left main-stem
      bronchus. Although a CP common to both lobes was identified at the main-stem
      obstruction, which limited total Vmax, we questioned whether there was also a CP
      at the lobar obstruction that fixed LLL flow. In that case the rate of LLL
      emptying would not be dependent on the presence of the common (i.e., central) CP
      and thus the flow contribution of the LUL. We found that when the LUL was
      removed, the LLL increased its rate of emptying. Thus a lobar CP did not fix LLL
      flow and CP did not occur in series. In a second experiment emphysema was
      produced in the left lung to reduce lung recoil, whereas the right lung was
      normal. CP were identified at approximately lobar bronchi of each lung, and the
      lungs were emptied at different rates. A CP common to both lungs was not
      identified. Our results indicate that in localized lung disease, if flows from
      the different regions are high enough, then wave speed is reached in proximal
      airways, and a CP occurs centrally rather than peripherally. On the other hand,
      if flows are low, then wave speed is reached peripherally and a CP common to all
      lung regions does not occur.

PMID- 3356634
TI  - Flow limitation and wheezes in a constant flow and volume lung preparation.
AB  - To facilitate the study of respiratory wheezes in an animal lung model, an
      isovolume, constant-flow excised dog lung preparation was developed. Dog lungs
      were inflated to 26 +/- 4 cmH2O and coated with layers of epoxy glue and
      polyester compound. A rigid shell 2 mm thick was obtained around the entire
      pleural surface and the extra-pulmonary airways. The adhesive forces between the
      pleura and the shell were strong enough to hold the lung distended after the
      inflation pressure was removed. Holes 2 mm diam were drilled through the shell
      over one of the lung lobes in an array, 4 cm across. The holes penetrated the
      pleural surface, so that constant flow could be maintained in the expiratory
      direction by activating a suction pump connected to the trachea. Downstream
      suction pressure and flow rate were measured with a mercury manometer and a
      rotameter, respectively. Sounds were recorded by a small (0.6 cm OD) microphone
      inserted into the trachea. When suction pressure was increased, flow initially
      increased to 31 +/- 3 l/min. Further increase of suction pressure caused only
      very slight additional increase in flow (i.e., flow limitation). During this
      plateau of flow, a pure tone was generated with acoustic properties similar to
      respiratory wheezes. Both the flow plateau and the wheezing sounds could be
      eliminated by freezing the lungs. It is concluded that wheezing sounds were
      associated with flow limitation in this preparation. It is suggested that the
      stable acoustic properties obtained by this preparation may become useful in the
      analysis of mechanisms of wheezing lung sounds generation.

PMID- 3356635
TI  - Hyperoxic exposure affects the ventilatory response to hypoxia in awake rats.
AB  - We tested whether hyperbaric O2 (HBO) has an adverse effect on the hypoxic
      ventilatory drive. Four groups of rats were exposed for 550 min to O2 at 1.67,
      1.90, and 2.15 ATA and to air at 1.90 ATA, respectively. Ventilatory parameters
      (frequency, tidal volume, and minute ventilation) were measured using whole-body
      plethysmography, before the hyperbaric exposure, immediately after the exposure,
      and up to 20 days after the exposure. Resting ventilation was not affected after
      exposure at 1.90 ATA to air or at 1.67 ATA to O2. HBO at 1.90 and 2.15 ATA caused
      a reduction of frequency and an elevation of tidal volume at different inspired
      gases: air, 5% CO2 balance O2, 80% O2, and 4.5% O2. However, minute ventilation
      on the day after the hyperoxic exposure was not different from the control at
      either air, 5% CO2, or 80% O2 but was markedly attenuated on the first three
      breaths at 4.5% O2. The hypoxic ventilation decreased to 48 +/- 13 (SD) and 32 +
      11% after 1.90 and 2.15 ATA, respectively. The ventilatory parameters recovered
      in the days after HBO. We conclude that HBO reversibly depresses the hypoxic
      ventilatory drive, most probably by a direct effect on the carotid O2
      chemoreceptors.

PMID- 3356636
TI  - Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body
      mass.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of training status (endurance exercise or
      body building) on nitrogen balance, body composition, and urea excretion during
      periods of habitual and altered protein intakes. Experiments were performed on
      six elite bodybuilders, six elite endurance athletes, and six sedentary controls
      during a 10-day period of normal protein intake followed by a 10-day period of
      altered protein intake. The nitrogen balance data revealed that bodybuilders
      required 1.12 times and endurance athletes required 1.67 times more daily protein
      than sedentary controls. Lean body mass (density) was maintained in bodybuilders
      consuming 1.05 g protein.kg-1.day-1. Endurance athletes excreted more total daily
      urea than either bodybuilders or controls. We conclude that bodybuilders during
      habitual training require a daily protein intake only slightly greater than that
      for sedentary individuals in the maintenance of lean body mass and that endurance
      athletes require daily protein intakes greater than either bodybuilders or
      sedentary individuals to meet the needs of protein catabolism during exercise.

PMID- 3356637
TI  - Effect of body posture on respiratory impedance.
AB  - The effects of posture on the mechanics of the respiratory system are not well
      known, particularly in terms of total respiratory resistance. We have measured
      respiratory impedance (Zrs) by the forced random noise excitation technique in
      the sitting and the supine position in 24 healthy subjects. Spirometry and lung
      volumes (He-dilution technique) were also measured in both postures. The
      equivalent resistance (Rrs), compliance (Crs), and inertance (Irs) were also
      calculated by fitting each measured Zrs to a linear series model. When subjects
      changed from sitting to the supine position, the real part of Zrs increased over
      the whole frequency band. The associated equivalent resistance, Rrs, increased by
      28.2%. The reactance decreased for frequencies lower than 18 Hz and increased for
      higher frequencies. Consequently, Crs decreased by 38.7% and Irs increased by
      15.6%. All of these parameter differences were significant (P less than 0.001). A
      covariance analysis showed that a significant amount of the postural change in
      Rrs and Crs can be explained by the reduction of functional residual capacity
      (FRC). This indicates that the observed differences on Zrs can in part be
      explained be a shift of the operating point of the respiratory system induced by
      the decrease in the FRC.

PMID- 3356638
TI  - Muscarinic stimulation of submucosal glands in swine trachea.
AB  - The properties of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) on tracheal explants
      and isolated submucosal gland cells were determined using [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate ([3H]QNB) and N-[3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) as ligands. Analysis of
      competitive displacement of ([3H]NMS binding by pirenzepine demonstrated the
      presence of M1- (27 +/- 2%) and M2G- (73 +/- 2%) receptors on isolated tracheal
      submucosal gland cells (TSGC's) in control. Daily administration of
      diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) inhibited cholinesterase activity by greater
      than 95%. After 7 days of DFP treatment, [3H]QNB binding to intact TSGC's
      decreased from 14.2 +/- 0.6 to 6.3 +/- 0.8 fmol/10(6) cells; similarly, [3H]NMS
      binding fell from 8.1 +/- 1.9 to 2.0 +/- 0.8 fmol/10(6) cells. The loss of
      mAChR's was predominantly of the M2G subtype with the relative proportion
      dropping to 33%. In addition, 90% of the receptors assumed the high-affinity
      state for carbachol displacement of [3H]NMS. Mucus secretion was quantitated by
      measuring the release of 3H-labeled mucus macromolecules from explants of
      tracheal submucosal glands and isolated cells. Acetylcholine (ACh), 2 X 10(-5) M,
      stimulated mucus secretion by 2.5 and 2.3 times the basal rate, respectively.
      Elimination of acetylcholinesterase (AChe) by DFP increased the ACh sensitivity
      by 18- and 5-fold. Tracheal explants or TSGC's obtained 2 h after an in vivo DFP
      treatment showed a 6- and 3-fold ACh stimulation. This ACh sensitivity decreased
      during the continued daily dosing with DFP such that only a 1.3- and 1.1-fold ACh
      stimulation was apparent after 7 days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3356639
TI  - Dependence of transcutaneous O2 partial pressure on cutaneous blood flow.
AB  - Transcutaneous PO2 was measured using a transcutaneous PO2 electrode heated to 45
      degrees C on the forearm of 19 healthy volunteers. Cutaneous blood flow (CBF) was
      estimated indirectly from the heating power of the electrode (HP) and with an 8
      MHz bidirectional ultrasonic probe by Doppler shift in a fingertip at 45 degrees
      C (DF). Blood flow was regulated by an upper arm cuff. Mean transcutaneous PO2
      during air respiration was 86.0 +/- 6.2 Torr, and the correlation to arterial PO2
      (Pao2) was 0.96 at normal blood flow. The arterial inflow was intermittently
      reduced in 10-15% stages of effective perfusion pressure (Peff). There was a
      hyperbolic decrease in PO2 when CBF was restricted in stages. A linear dependence
      between Peff, HP, and DF was found, which means that there is no autoregulation
      in the capillary bed at 45 degrees C. Transcutaneous PO2 can be also taken as an
      indication of CBF. The transcutaneous index, transcutaneous PO2/Pao2, is helpful
      for estimating local O2 availability.

PMID- 3356640
TI  - Control of ventilation during exercise in patients with central venous-to
      systemic arterial shunts.
AB  - The diversion of systemic venous blood into the arterial circulation in patients
      with intracardiac right-to-left shunts represents a pathophysiological condition
      in which there are alterations in some of the potential stimuli for the exercise
      hyperpnea. We therefore studied 18 adult patients with congenital (16) or
      noncongenital (2) right-to-left shunts and a group of normal control subjects
      during constant work rate and progressive work rate exercise to assess the
      effects of these alterations on the dynamics of exercise ventilation and gas
      exchange. Minute ventilation (VE) was significantly higher in the patients than
      in the controls, both at rest (10.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 7.5 +/- 1.2 l/min, respectively)
      and during constant-load exercise (24.9 +/- 4.8 vs. 12.7 +/- 2.61 l/min,
      respectively). When beginning constant work rate exercise from rest, the
      ventilatory response of the patients followed a pattern that was distinct from
      that of the normal subjects. At the onset of exercise, the patients' end-tidal
      PCO2 decreased, end-tidal PO2 increased, and gas exchange ratio increased,
      indicating that pulmonary blood was hyperventilated relative to the resting
      state. However, arterial blood gases, in six patients in which they were
      measured, revealed that despite the large VE response to exercise, arterial pH
      and PCO2 were not significantly different from resting values when sampled during
      the first 2 min of moderate-intensity exercise. Arterial PCO2 changed by an
      average of only 1.4 Torr after 4.5-6 min of exercise. Thus the exercise-induced
      alveolar and pulmonary capillary hypocapnia was of an appropriate degree to
      compensate for the shunting of CO2-rich venous blood into the systemic arterial
      circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356641
TI  - Effects of hypobaria on lung fluid balance in awake sheep.
AB  - Effects of hypobaria on lung fluid balance were studied in five awake sheep with
      chronic lung lymph fistulas using a decompression chamber. Each sheep was exposed
      to three conditions of 6,600-m-simulated high altitude in random order as
      follows: 1) 6,600-m-simulated hypoxic hypobaria (barometric pressure 326 Torr,
      21% inspired O2 fraction), 2) 6,600-m-simulated normoxic hypobaria (barometric
      pressure 326 Torr, 65% inspired O2 fraction), and 3) 6,600-m-simulated normoxic
      hypobaria (barometric pressure 326 Torr, 65% inspired O2 fraction) after
      pretreatment with a 2-h pure O2 inhalation (i.e., denitrogenation) to allow
      elimination of dissolved gases, especially N2, from the blood and tissues. We
      observed that under both hypoxic hypobaria and normoxic hypobaria, lung lymph
      flow (Qlym) significantly increased from the base-line values of 6.4 +/- 0.3 to
      13.0 +/- 1.0 ml/h and 6.0 +/- 0.2 to 9.4 +/- 0.3 ml/h, respectively (P less than
      0.05) and that the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio remained
      unchanged. Moreover, pretreatment with a 2-h denitrogenation inhibited the
      increase in Qlym. These results suggest that rapid exposure to hypobaria causes
      an increase in pulmonary vascular permeability and that intravascular air bubble
      formation may account for this permeability change.

PMID- 3356642
TI  - Exercise effects on chromium excretion of trained and untrained men consuming a
      constant diet.
AB  - Chromium excretion of eight trained and five sedentary men was determined on rest
      days and after exercise to exhaustion at 90% of maximum O2 consumption (VO2max)
      to determine if degree of physical fitness affects urinary Cr losses. Subjects
      were fed a constant daily diet containing approximately 9 micrograms Cr/1,000
      kcal. VO2max of the trained runners was in the good or above range based on their
      age and that of the sedentary subjects was average or below. While consuming the
      control diet, basal urinary Cr excretion of subjects who exercise regularly was
      significantly lower than that of the sedentary control subjects, 0.09 +/- 0.01
      and 0.21 +/- 0.03 microgram/day (mean +/- SE), respectively. When subjects
      consumed self-chosen diets, basal urinary Cr excretion of the trained subjects
      was also significantly lower than that of the untrained subjects. Daily urinary
      Cr excretion of trained subjects was significantly higher on the day of a single
      exercise bout at 90% VO2max compared with nonexercise days, 0.12 +/- 0.02 and
      0.09 +/- 0.01 microgram/day, respectively. Urinary Cr excretion of sedentary
      subjects was not altered after controlled exercise. These data demonstrate that
      basal urinary Cr excretion and excretion in response to exercise are related to
      VO2max and therefore degree of physical fitness.

PMID- 3356643
TI  - Effects of metabolic inhibition on ion transport by dog bronchial epithelium.
AB  - Mammalian bronchial epithelium absorbs Na+ under basal conditions, but Cl-
      secretion can be induced. We studied the effects of several modes of metabolic
      inhibition on the bioelectric properties and solute permeability of dog bronchial
      epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers. Net Na+ absorption and short-circuit
      current were inhibited by approximately 75% by hypoxia or by 10(-3) M NaCN. The
      reduced net Na+ absorption was characterized by a decrease in absorptive flux and
      an increase in backflux. The latter change was proportional to an increase in
      permeability to [14C]mannitol, implying that solute flow through a paracellular
      shunt was increased. In contrast, the reduction of conductance expected from
      exposure to amiloride (0.94 +/- 0.15 ms/cm2 or 12%) was abolished by NaCN
      pretreatment. Metabolic inhibition also decreased epithelial conductance and
      unidirectional Cl- fluxes by approximately 25%. NaCN rapidly and reversibly
      inhibited the hyperpolarization of potential difference (PD) induced by low
      luminal bath [Cl-]. This effect was mimicked by the Cl- channel blocker, 5-nitro
      2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid. Because the transepithelial Cl- diffusion
      PD reflects, in part, the depolarization of the Cl- -conductive apical cell
      membrane, metabolic inhibition appears to affect this path. We conclude that
      metabolic inhibition not only decreased net ion transport by dog bronchial
      epithelium but also inhibited cellular Na+- and Cl- -conductive pathways and
      increased paracellular permeability.

PMID- 3356644
TI  - Exercise training induces glycogen sparing during exercise by old rats.
AB  - Glycogen utilization during exercise appears to be related to muscle respiratory
      capacity. Since the decline in hindlimb muscle respiratory capacity that occurs
      in rats during old age is eliminated when young and old rats undergo an identical
      exercise training protocol, liver and gastrocnemius glycogen concentrations were
      determined in identically trained young and old Fischer 344 rats at rest and
      immediately after a 30-min run requiring approximately 75% of maximal O2
      consumption. These values were also compared with untrained age-matched control
      animals. The animals, which were 10 or 24 mo old after 6 mo of training, were
      fasted for 24 h before they were killed. Resting gastrocnemius glycogen did not
      differ among the groups. After 30 min of running, gastrocnemius glycogen was
      lower in the untrained than the trained groups and was not different between the
      trained groups. Resting liver glycogen was lower in the old trained group than
      the untrained groups but not statistically different from the young trained
      group. The postrun liver glycogen did not differ among the groups. Estimated
      gastrocnemius and liver glycogen utilization during exercise was decreased in
      both trained groups compared with untrained age-matched controls. These results
      indicate that the training-induced glycogen sparing during exercise of the same
      relative intensity was not diminished with age in identically trained young and
      old rats.

PMID- 3356645
TI  - Effects of Ca2+ withdrawal on diaphragmatic fiber tension generation.
AB  - The effects of extracellular Ca2+ withdrawal were studied on isolated
      diaphragmatic muscle fibers and compared with the effects on the papillary,
      soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) contractility, using the same in
      vitro model. Diaphragmatic fibers were obtained from 15 rats, and papillary
      muscles, soleus, and EDL were obtained from 10 animals. Isometric force generated
      in response to 1-Hz supramaximal electrical stimulation was measured with a
      highly sensitive photoelectric transducer. After control measurements, perfusion
      with a Krebs solution depleted of calcium (0 Ca2+) was started while the fibers
      were continuously stimulated (4 times/min) and twitches recorded. For the
      papillary fibers, perfusion with zero Ca2+ was followed by an immediate decrease
      in twitch tension, complete twitch abolition occurring within 3 +/- 1 min after
      zero-Ca2+ exposure. Diaphragmatic fibers behaved similarly, although twitch
      abolition was delayed (10 +/- 3 min after 0-Ca2+ exposure). For the soleus
      fibers, the twitch amplitude amounted to 38 +/- 10% of control (62% decrease on
      the average) after 30 min of zero-Ca2+ exposure, no twitch abolition being noted
      even after 1 h of Ca2+-free exposure. The twitch amplitude of the EDL fibers
      amounted to 75 +/- 7% of control (25% decrease) after 30 min of zero-Ca2+
      exposure. The recovery kinetics for the four fiber types after reexposure to Ca2+
      containing solution were also different, with papillary and diaphragmatic fibers
      recovering completely within 2.5 +/- 0.5 and 4 +/- 0.5 min, respectively. By
      contrast, neither the soleus nor the EDL showed complete recovery after 30
      min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356646
TI  - Distributions of vascular volume and compliance in the lung.
AB  - The ether- and dye-dilution methods were used to estimate the arterial,
      capillary, and venous volumes and compliances in isolated dog lung lobes. In the
      range of arterial pressure from approximately 7 to 14.5 Torr and venous pressure
      of 1.4 to 10.8 Torr, the total lobar blood volume ranged from approximately 2 to
      approximately 2.6 ml/kg body wt. About 19% of the lobar vascular volume was in
      the arteries, approximately 59% was in the capillaries, and approximately 22% was
      in the veins. The lobar vascular compliance was approximately 0.065 ml.Torr-1.kg
      body wt-1 with an arterial-capillary-venous distribution of approximately
      30:49:21. These results suggest that the largest fractions of the intralobar
      blood volume and compliance are in the capillary bed. The segmental compliances
      along with outflow occlusion data were used to place lower and upper bounds on
      the arterial, capillary, and venous resistances. These bounds were 13.6 and 61.4%
      of the total vascular resistance for the arteries, 0 and 59.4% for the
      capillaries, and 5.5 and 64.9% for the veins, respectively. These bounds are
      rather broad, but they help to put the information content of the occlusion data
      under the conditions of these experiments into perspective.

PMID- 3356647
TI  - Distributions of vascular pressure and resistance in the lung.
AB  - The low-viscosity bolus method was used to determine the longitudinal
      distributions of vascular resistance and intravascular pressure with respect to
      cumulative vascular volume from the lobar artery to the lobar vein in isolated
      dog lung lobes near functional residual capacity under zone 3 conditions. We
      found that the resistance distribution had two modes, a larger one upstream and a
      smaller one downstream from a local minimum. Over the range of vascular pressures
      studied the total vascular resistance decreased and the vascular volume increased
      with increasing vascular pressure. However, the shape of the normalized
      resistance distribution was independent of vascular pressure. Comparisons of the
      resistance distributions with the distributions of arterial, capillary, and
      venous volumes suggest that the modes represent regions of relatively high
      resistance proximal and distal to the capillary bed. These results are consistent
      with the concept that within the lobar vascular bed the highest resistance per
      unit blood volume is in the smallest arteries and veins, as suggested by
      morphometric data from other sources.

PMID- 3356648
TI  - Effect of lung inflation on fluid flux in zone 1 lungs.
AB  - Because of conflicting data in the literature, we studied the effect of positive
      pressure inflation on transvascular fluid filtration in zone 1 lungs. Lungs from
      New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10) were excised, perfused with saline and
      autologous whole blood (1:1), ventilated, and continuously weighed. Pulmonary
      arterial and venous pressures (Pvas) were referenced to the most dependent part
      of the lung. A change in vascular volume (delta Vvas) and a fluid filtration rate
      (FFR) were calculated from the change in lung weight that occurred from 0 to 30 s
      and from 3 to 5 and 5 to 10 min, respectively, after changing alveolar pressure
      (PA). FFR's and delta Vvas's were measured with Pvas equal to 2 or 10 cmH2O and
      PA changing from 15 to 30 cmH2O when the lungs were normal and after they were
      made edematous. When Pvas = 2 cmH2O, increasing PA increased the Vvas and the FFR
      in both normal and edematous lungs. However, when Pvas = 10 cmH2O, increasing PA
      only slightly changed the Vvas and reduced the FFR in the normal lungs, and
      decreased Vvas and markedly decreased the FFR in the presence of edema. Inflating
      zone 1 lungs by positive pressure has an effect on transvascular fluid flux that
      depends on the Pvas. The results suggest that the sites of leakage in zone 1 also
      vary depending on Pvas and PA.

PMID- 3356649
TI  - Somatotopy in the segmental innervation of the cat diaphragm.
AB  - A somatotopic organization in the segmental innervation of the cat diaphragm
      (DIA) was determined using evoked electromyographic responses and glycogen
      depletion of stimulated type II muscle fibers. With the use of the glycogen
      depletion method, the specific location and proportion of muscle fibers
      innervated by the fifth (C5) or sixth (C6) cervical ventral roots were determined
      for different regions of the DIA. The sternal and ventral portions of the costal
      and crural DIA regions were innervated primarily by C5. The dorsal portions of
      both the costal and crural regions were innervated primarily by C6. Thus the
      somatotopic organization in the segmental innervation of the DIA was not
      correlated with the anatomic division of the sternal, costal, and crural regions.
      Instead, the somatotopic projections of cervical ventral roots were organized in
      the ventrodorsal axis of each DIA region. This topographical pattern resulted in
      an extensive overlap of the DIA territories innervated by C5 and C6. Within a
      region, the fibers innervated by a specific ventral root were not randomly
      distributed but often followed fascicle divisions. This frequently resulted in a
      wide range in the proportion of fibers innervated by a ventral root even within a
      specific region.

PMID- 3356650
TI  - Dihedral angles between alveolar septa.
AB  - To determine the dihedral angle, alpha, at the characteristic three-way septal
      junctions of lung parenchyma, we examined photomicrographs of sections. The three
      angles, A, formed where three septal traces meet on section, were measured and
      found to range between approximately 50 and 170 degrees. Theoretical
      considerations predicted that the dispersion of alpha is much narrower than that
      of A. The mean of A and alpha is identically 120 degrees. The standard deviation
      of alpha was inferred from the cumulative distribution function of A. In lungs
      inflated to 30 cmH2O (VL30), the standard deviation of alpha was very small
      (approximately 2 degrees) and increased to approximately 6 degrees in lungs
      inflated to 0.4 VL30. These findings imply that at VL30 tensions exerted by septa
      are locally homogeneous (2% variation) and at lower lung volumes become less so
      (6% variation). At high distending pressures, tissue forces are thought to
      dominate interfacial forces, and therefore the local uniformity of tensions
      suggests a stress-responsive mechanism for forming or remodeling the connective
      tissues. The source of the local nonuniformity at lower volumes is unclear but
      could relate to differences in mechanical properties of alveolar duct and
      alveoli. Finally, local uniformity does not imply global uniformity.

PMID- 3356651
TI  - Breathing patterns in anesthetized cats and the concept of minimum respiratory
      effort.
AB  - Theoretical studies dealing with the principle of minimal respiratory effort
      usually make use of sinusoidal or saw-tooth-like breathing patterns. Recent
      observations in anesthetized cats have shown that the driving pressure waveform
      for inspiration can be described by a power function of time and that most of
      expiration is passive. This driving pressure waveform, however, results in
      breathing patterns that differ from those described above. For this reason, we
      have reevaluated in anesthetized cats the principle of minimal respiratory effort
      by computing optimal duration of inspiration (TI) and optimal tidal volume (VT)
      for different ventilatory conditions using actual driving pressure waveforms. The
      results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations; i.e.,
      optimal TI decreases and optimal VT increases with increasing minute ventilation.
      On the average, a good agreement is found between measured and computed values of
      TI. In some cats, however, there are substantial differences between observed and
      predicted values of TI, which can probably be ascribed to inaccuracies in the
      data used in our computations. Despite its limitations, the present model
      analysis is more realistic than previous ones because actual driving pressure
      waveforms are used together with actual values of effective inspiratory
      impedance.

PMID- 3356652
TI  - Cholinergic responsiveness of respiratory and vascular tissues in two different
      rat strains.
AB  - The airway and systemic arterial smooth muscle responsiveness to cholinergic
      agents of two strains of rats, Rat Albino (RA) and Brown Norway (BN), was
      compared in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, we measured the doses of carbachol that
      induced a 100% increase in lung resistance (PD100 RL), a 50% decrease in dynamic
      lung compliance (PD50 Cdyn), and the value of systolic blood pressure at the
      carbachol dose of 10 micrograms (Pa 10 micrograms). In vitro airway smooth muscle
      and systemic arterial smooth muscle responsiveness was assessed by measuring the
      maximal response to acetylcholine, the slope of the linear portion of the dose
      response curve, and the negative logarithm of the molar concentration of
      acetylcholine producing 50% of the maximal response (pD2). PD100 and PD50 were
      about four times greater in BN rats than in RA rats. In contrast, Pa 10
      micrograms was 1.5 lower in the BN rats. These differences persisted after
      bivagotomy. Tracheal pD2 was 25% greater in the RA than in the BN strain. The
      mean dose-response curve of parenchymal strips of RA rats was situated upward and
      to the left of the BN curve, but the reverse was observed for aortic smooth
      muscle dose-response curves. Thus 1) airway smooth muscle responsiveness to
      cholinergic agents is greater in RA strain than in BN, but the reverse is true
      for systemic arterial smooth muscle responsiveness; and 2) these differences are
      not due to factors extrinsic to the smooth muscle, since they occurred in vitro
      and may depend on different densities of muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 3356653
TI  - Breathing strategy of the adult horse (Equus caballus) at rest.
AB  - To investigate the mechanism underlying the polyphasic airflow pattern of the
      equine species, we recorded airflow, tidal volum, rib cage and abdominal motion,
      and the sequence of activation of the diaphragm, intercostal, and abdominal
      muscles during quiet breathing in nine adult horses standing at rest. In
      addition, esophageal, abdominal, and transdiaphragmatic pressures were
      simultaneously recorded using balloon-tipped catheters. Analysis of tidal flow
      volume loops showed that, unlike humans, the horse at rest breathes around,
      rather than from, the relaxed volume of the respiratory system (Vrx). Analysis of
      the pattern of electromyographic activities and changes in generated pressures
      during the breathing cycle indicate that the first part of expiration is passive,
      as in humans, with deflation toward Vrx, but subsequent abdominal activity is
      responsible for a second phase of expiration: active deflation to below Vrx. From
      this end-expiratory volume, passive inflation occurs toward Vrx, followed by a
      second phase of inspiration: active inflation to above Vrx, brought about by
      inspiratory muscle contraction. Under these conditions the abdominal muscles
      appear to share the principal pumping duties with the diaphragm. Adoption of this
      breathing strategy by the horse may relate to its peculiar thoracoabdominal
      anatomic arrangement and to its very low passive chest wall compliance. We
      conclude that there is a passive and active phase to both inspiration and
      expiration due to the coordinated action of the respiratory pump muscles
      responsible for the resting adult horse's biphasic inspiratory and expiratory
      airflow pattern. This unique breathing pattern perhaps represents a strategy of
      minimizing the high elastic work of breathing in this species, at least at
      resting breathing frequencies.

PMID- 3356654
TI  - Response of genioglossus muscle activity to nasal airway occlusion in normal
      sleeping adults.
AB  - To determine the combined effect of increased subatmospheric upper airway
      pressure and withdrawal of phasic volume feedback from the lung on genioglossus
      muscle activity, the response of this muscle to intermittent nasal airway
      occlusion was studied in 12 normal adult males during sleep. Nasal occlusion at
      end expiration was achieved by inflating balloon-tipped catheters located within
      the portals of a nose mask. No seal was placed over the mouth. During nose
      breathing in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, nasal airway occlusion resulted
      in multiple respiratory efforts before arousal. Mouth breathing was not initiated
      until arousal. Phasic inspiratory genioglossus activity was present in eight
      subjects during NREM sleep. In these subjects, comparison of peak genioglossus
      inspiratory activity on the first three occluded efforts to the value just before
      occlusion showed an increase of 4.7, 16.1, and 28.0%, respectively. The relative
      increases in peak genioglossus activity were very similar to respective increases
      in peak diaphragm activity. Arousal was associated with a large burst in
      genioglossus activity. During airway occlusion in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep,
      mouth breathing could occur without a change in sleep state. In general,
      genioglossus responses to airway occlusion in REM sleep were similar in pattern
      to those in NREM sleep. A relatively small reflex activation of upper airway
      muscles associated with a sudden increase in subatmospheric pressure in the
      potentially collapsible segment of the upper airway may help compromise upper
      airway patency during sleep.

PMID- 3356655
TI  - Dynamics of breathing in the hypoxic awake lamb.
AB  - Newborn mammals respond to hypoxia with an immediate hyperventilation that is
      rapidly dampened. Changes in mechanical properties of the respiratory system
      during hypoxia have been considered an important reason for this fall in minute
      ventilation (VE). We have studied the dynamic mechanical behavior of the
      respiratory system in eight unanesthetized intact newborn lambs (mean age 2 days)
      during normoxia and hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.08). Mouth pressure (P), airflow (V), and
      volume (V) were recorded while lambs were breathing through a leak-proof face
      mask and a pneumotachograph. Active compliance (C') and resistance (R') of the
      respiratory system were computed from P developed during an inspiratory effort
      against airway closure at end expiration and V and V of the preceding breaths.
      Tidal expiratory V-V curves were analyzed to estimate the elevation in functional
      residual capacity (FRC) over resting volume (Vr). After hypoxia, there was an
      immediate increase in VE in the first 2 min, from 0.49 to 1.13 l.kg-1.min-1,
      followed by a rapid decrease to 0.80. After 8 min of hypoxia, C' was unchanged.
      The inspiratory R' decreased during hypoxia, probably reflecting a drop in
      inspiratory laryngeal resistance. The expiratory V-V curves during hypoxia showed
      considerable braking, often with a double peak in expiratory V. This pattern was
      only occasionally seen during normoxia. In animals with a linear segment of the
      expiratory V-V curves the FRC-Vr difference could be calculated and averaged 1.93
      ml/kg during normoxia and 3.47 during hypoxia. The recoil P of the respiratory
      system at end expiration was 0.75 cmH2O during normoxia vs. 1.63 cmH2O during
      hypoxia (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356656
TI  - Comparison of glottic areas measured by acoustic reflections vs. computerized
      tomography.
AB  - We compared measurements of glottic area obtained by acoustic reflection
      technique with anatomically equivalent area measured from computerized
      tomographic (CT) scans of the neck in 11 subjects with glottic pathology. Both
      measurements were performed in the supine position during tidal breathing at
      functional residual capacity. We found excellent agreement in glottic areas
      obtained by both methods: the mean (+/- SD) values were 1.8 +/- 0.8 cm2 for the
      acoustic method and 1.7 +/- 0.9 cm2 for the CT method. Linear regression analysis
      revealed the following relationship between the area measured by acoustic
      technique (AAC) and that measured by CT (ACT): AAC = 0.81.ACT + 0.36. There was a
      significant correlation between the two measurements of glottic area (r = 0.95, P
      less than 0.0001). We conclude that the acoustic reflection technique may be used
      reliably in clinical and physiological studies concerned with glottic geometry.

PMID- 3356657
TI  - Removal of pleural liquid and protein by lymphatics in awake sheep.
AB  - The contribution of the parietal pleural lymphatics to pleural liquid and protein
      removal is unclear. We asked two questions. What is the rate of removal of
      sterile, artificial hydrothoraxes in awake sheep? What percentage is removed
      through parietal pleural lymphatics? Three days after the placement of a rib
      capsule in 18 sheep, we instilled a 10 ml/kg 1.0 g/dl autologous protein solution
      with labeled albumin and erythrocytes through the capsule into the pleural space.
      Erythrocytes were used as a marker for lymphatic flow. We measured terminal
      pleural liquid volume and radioactivity at periods from 2 to 48 h. In three
      sheep, we obtained a third volume measurement at 6 h by the volume of dilution
      technique. We found that hydrothorax removal could be described by a linear
      function with a constant rate: 0.28 +/- 0.01 ml.kg-1.h-1 (mean +/- SE) for the
      grouped data, and 0.20, 0.28, and 0.31 ml.kg-1.h-1 for the individual sheep. At
      24 h, erythrocyte clearance was 89 +/- 16% (mean +/- SD) that of liquid and
      albumin clearance. We conclude that in awake sheep with large hydrothoraxes,
      pleural liquid and protein are removed at a rate of 0.28 +/- 0.01 ml.kg-1.h-1
      (mean +/- SE) and lymphatics are responsible for at least 89% of this removal.

PMID- 3356658
TI  - Role of barometric pressure in pulmonary fluid balance and oxygen transport.
AB  - To examine the role of barometric pressure in high-altitude pulmonary edema, we
      randomly exposed five unanesthetized chronically instrumented sheep with lung
      lymph fistulas in a decompression chamber to each of three separate conditions:
      hypobaric hypoxia, normobaric hypoxia, and normoxic hypobaria. A combination of
      slow decompression and/or simultaneous adjustment of inspired PO2 provided three
      successive stages of simulated altitudes of 2,600, 4,600, and 6,600 m during
      which hemodynamics and lymph flow were monitored. Under both hypoxic conditions
      we noted significant and equivalent elevations in pulmonary arterial pressure
      (Ppa), cardiac output, and heart rate, with left atrial and systemic pressures
      remaining fairly constant. Normoxic hypobaria was also accompanied by a smaller
      but significant rise in Ppa. Lymph flow increased to a highly significant maximum
      of 73% above base line, accompanied by a slight but significant decrease in lung
      lymph-to-plasma protein ratio, only under conditions of combined hypobaric
      hypoxia but not under equivalent degrees of alveolar hypoxia or hypobaria alone.
      Arterial hypoxemia was noted under all three conditions, with arterial PO2 being
      uniformly lower under hypobaric conditions than when identical amounts of
      inspired PO2 were delivered at normal atmospheric pressure. We therefore
      hypothesize that alveolar pressure significantly alters the Starling forces
      governing transcapillary fluid flux in the lung and may affect the alveolar
      arterial gradient for O2 as well.

PMID- 3356659
TI  - Causes of error of respiratory pressure-volume curves in paralyzed subjects.
AB  - Respiratory pressure-volume (PV) curves are commonly obtained in paralyzed
      patients by relating airway pressure to volume changes of a syringe (Vsyr). This
      is based on the implicit assumption that changes in thoracic volume (Vtho) and
      Vsyr are equal. We undertook to verify this assumption through simultaneous
      measurements of Vtho by respiratory inductive plethysmography and Vsyr in six
      comatose, paralyzed, intubated patients. At any constant Vsyr, Vtho fell and was
      smaller on deflation than on inflation during inflation-deflation (ID) cycle. The
      rate of fall was 110 +/- 64 (SD) ml/min. During ID cycles lasting 76 +/- 7 s,
      thoracic PV curves showed less hysteresis and a larger compliance on deflation
      than PVsyr curves (12 +/- 2 vs. 18 +/- 6% and 73 +/- 13 vs. 67 +/- 12 ml/cmH2O, P
      less than 0.05). With PVsyr curves, hysteresis increased and compliance on
      deflation decreased with increasing rate of fall of Vtho. We submit that the
      difference between changes in Vsyr and Vtho is best explained by gas exchange and
      should be taken into account when performing PV curves with a syringe in
      paralyzed patients.

PMID- 3356660
TI  - Influence of collateral ventilation on single-breath washout curves.
AB  - To examine the relationship between airway closure and collateral ventilation, Ar
      bolus single-breath washout tests were performed in the supine position in 10
      mature dogs (animals with a well-developed collateral ventilation).
      Transpulmonary pressure was measured simultaneously to obtain the volume above
      residual volume of the inflection point in the pressure-volume curve (VIP). In
      pigs, closing volume (CV/VC%, mean 27.4%, where VC is vital capacity) equaled the
      volume of inflection (VIP/VC%, mean 35.1%) when the dead space (0.07 liter) was
      accounted for, indicating simultaneous onset. In dogs, closing volume (CV/VC%,
      mean 48.1%) was greater than the volume of inflection (VIP/VC%, mean 27%).
      Furthermore, as closing volume increased, so did the volume exhaled between
      closing volume and the volume of inflection [(CV-VIP)/VC%]. These increases were
      strongly age related, with the oldest dogs showing the greatest differences
      between closing volume and volume of inflection. These results support the
      previous suggestion that this difference is a measure of the degree of collateral
      ventilation. We defined a concavity index (CI) of phase IV by measuring the ratio
      of the end-to-mid phase IV height above extrapolated phase III (no concavity
      implies CI = 2). Whereas pigs had a low CI (mean 3.3), dogs had a high CI (mean
      10.6). In dogs, the CI correlated well with closing volume (CV/VC%) and the
      volume exhaled between closing volume and volume of inflection [(CV-VIP)/VC%].
      Again, this relationship was strongly dependent on age, suggesting that the CI is
      also a valid indication of the degree of collateral ventilation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356661
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on responses of respiratory smooth muscle to histamine and
      LTD4.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of reduced oxygenation on
      the contractions of pulmonary vascular and airway smooth muscle induced by
      leukotriene D4 (LTD4) with those induced by histamine (an agonist with similar
      mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction) and KCl (a voltage-dependent stimulus).
      During hypoxia (PO2: 40 +/- 4 Torr) the responses of isolated porcine pulmonary
      artery and vein spiral strips to LTD4 increased approximately three- and two
      fold, respectively, and the vein also exhibited an augmented response to
      histamine. The augmentation was blunted (LTD4) or reversed (histamine) during
      anoxia (PO2: 0 +/- 2 Torr). Responses to KCl were not systematically altered by
      reduced oxygenation. In contrast, the contractions of the guinea pig parenchymal
      lung strip by all three agonists were generally suppressed by reduced
      oxygenation. After reoxygenation, the contractile responses of each of the three
      smooth muscle preparations were generally increased compared with previous and
      concurrent base-line observations, particularly the LTD4-induced pulmonary vein
      contraction that increased approximately sevenfold after reoxygenation after
      anoxia. The contribution (if any) of leukotrienes to hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction may reflect increased vascular responsiveness to leukotrienes
      during hypoxia as well as (or instead of) increased leukotriene release.

PMID- 3356662
TI  - Flow and volume dependence of pulmonary mechanics in anesthetized cats.
AB  - The effects of inspiratory flow rate and inflation volume on pulmonary mechanics
      were investigated in six anesthetized-paralyzed cats ventilated by constant-flow
      inflation. Pulmonary mechanics were assessed using the technique of rapid airway
      occlusion during constant-flow inflation which allows measurement of the
      intrinsic pulmonary resistance (RLmin) and of the overall "pulmonary flow
      resistance" (RLmax), which includes the additional pulmonary pressure losses due
      to time constant inequalities within the lung and/or stress adaptation. We
      observed that, at fixed inflation volume, 1) RLmin fitted Rohrer's equation, 2)
      RLmax was higher at low than intermediate flows, and 3) RLmax-RLmin decreased
      progressively with increasing flow. At fixed flow, RLmax increased, whereas RLmin
      decreased with increasing volume. We conclude that during eupneic breathing in
      cats, the pulmonary flow resistance as conventionally measured includes a
      significant component reflecting stress adaptation.

PMID- 3356663
TI  - Kinetics of VO2 with impulse and step exercise in humans.
AB  - The constancy of the time course (i.e., dynamic linearity) of the O2 uptake (VO2)
      response to exercise was examined by testing the law of superposition on data
      from impulse and step work rate forcings. Two impulses (10 s at a 235-W increase
      above a 25-W base line, I-235; and 5 s at a 475-W increase above a 25-W base
      line, I-475), four steps (ST) (25-65 W, ST1; 65-105 W, ST2; 25-105 W, ST3; and 25
      145 W, ST4), and the corresponding off-transient responses were performed six to
      eight times by each of five subjects. The integrated area (G) of the VO2 response
      for I-235 was similar to that of ST1 and ST2 (P greater than 0.05); the I-475 G
      was significantly greater (P less than 0.05). The time constant of VO2 during the
      step function on-transient response for the second exponential component was
      significantly faster for ST1 and significantly slower for I-235 and I-475 than
      for ST2, ST3, and ST4 (P less than 0.05). However, I-235 and I-475 time constants
      for VO2 were not different from the ST off-transient values. Attempts to
      superimpose the integral of the impulse on the ST data showed that the early
      rapid increase in VO2 in the ST was underpredicted by the impulse and that the
      impulse response lagged behind the ST at all points before steady state. It can
      be concluded that VO2 kinetics failed the test of superposition and are therefore
      described by a nonlinear dynamic system.

PMID- 3356664
TI  - Effects of a chronic wasting infection on skeletal muscle size and contractile
      properties.
AB  - To evaluate the effects of chronic infection on skeletal muscle dimensions and
      contractile properties, we used a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis, a
      parasitic infection of the reticuloendothelial system produced by Leishmania
      donovani (LD). To distinguish between effects of reduced caloric intake and
      infection per se, we also studied healthy control animals and noninfected animals
      subjected to caloric restriction. Three muscles were tested in vitro: plantaris,
      soleus, and diaphragm. Both caloric restriction and LD infection caused loss of
      body weight and reduced muscle cross-sectional areas and wet weights. The
      interventions had variable effects on in vitro contractile properties, the most
      pronounced being reduction in peak tension in response to tetanic stimulation.
      Tension loss was 35-45%, except for a loss of 65% in plantaris of LD-infected
      animals. We conclude that chronic LD infection affects skeletal muscles in both
      indirect and direct ways. 1) Reduced caloric intake due to anorexia decreases
      muscle size and active tension. Disuse probably enhances this effect in limb
      muscles. 2) Infection produces profound weakness of inactive fast-twitch muscle
      by unknown mechanisms.

PMID- 3356665
TI  - Osmotic stimuli induce epithelial-dependent relaxation in the guinea pig trachea.
AB  - Epithelium in airways, like endothelium in blood vessels, may regulate responses
      of adjacent smooth muscle. To study the intact trachea from guinea pigs we
      developed an in vitro preparation that permits independent stimulation from
      either the inner epithelial surface or the outer serosal surface. The whole
      guinea pig trachea was excised, cannulated, and perfused at a constant flow with
      Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution that was in direct contact with the inner
      epithelial-lined surface. The outer serosal surface of the trachea was immersed
      in a separate system (bath) containing KH solution. Tracheal responses were
      assessed by measuring the pressure drop between the tracheal inlet and the outlet
      under conditions of constant flow. When the trachea was precontracted with
      carbachol or KCl, hyperosmolar stimuli (KCl, mannitol, urea, or NaCl) produced
      concentration-dependent relaxation when applied to the inner epithelial surface.
      Relaxation was not produced when the hyperosmolar stimulus was applied to the
      serosal surface and was markedly reduced or abolished when the epithelial surface
      had been physically damaged or removed. These results indicate that hyperosmotic
      stimuli induce epithelial-dependent relaxation of trachea. A defect in this
      mechanism may be partially responsible for the bronchoconstriction seen in
      asthmatic subjects after exercise.

PMID- 3356666
TI  - Anaerobic capacity determined by maximal accumulated O2 deficit.
AB  - We present a method for quantifying the anaerobic capacity based on determination
      of the maximal accumulated O2 deficit. The accumulated O2 deficit was determined
      for 11 subjects during 5 exhausting bouts of treadmill running lasting from 15 s
      to greater than 4 min. The accumulated O2 deficit increased with the duration for
      exhausting bouts lasting up to 2 min, but a leveling off was found for bouts
      lasting 2 min or more. Between-subject variation in the maximal accumulated O2
      deficit ranged from 52 to 90 ml/kg. During exhausting exercise while subjects
      inspired air with reduced O2 content (O2 fraction = 13.5%), the maximal O2 uptake
      was 22% lower, whereas the accumulated O2 deficit remained unchanged. The
      precision of the method is 3 ml/kg. The method is based on estimation of the O2
      demand by extrapolating the linear relationship between treadmill speed and O2
      uptake at submaximal intensities. The slopes, which reflect running economy,
      varied by 16% between subjects, and the relationships had to be determined
      individually. This can be done either by measuring the O2 uptake at a minimum of
      10 different submaximal intensities or by two measurements close to the maximal
      O2 uptake and by making use of a common Y-intercept of 5 ml.kg-1.min-1. By using
      these individual relationships the maximal accumulated O2 deficit, which appears
      to be a direct quantitative expression of the anaerobic capacity, can be
      calculated after measuring the O2 uptake during one exhausting bout of exercise
      lasting 2-3 min.

PMID- 3356667
TI  - Effect of changing lung liquid volume on the pulmonary circulation of fetal
      lambs.
AB  - During fetal life the lung develops as a liquid-filled structure with low blood
      flow compared with postnatal life. We studied the effects of liquid expansion of
      the fetal lung by measuring vascular conductance in perfused lungs in situ and
      arterial diameters in excised lungs of fetal lambs. Pulmonary vascular
      conductance invariably rose as the lung was deflated from its initial volume;
      maximal deflation to residual volume increased conductance 122%. With
      reexpansion, conductance fell progressively, culminating in cessation of flow at
      lung volumes of twice the initial volume. These changes persisted after vagotomy
      and thoracic sympathectomy and therefore were mechanical in character. Lung
      expansion from residual volume initially expanded 300- to 500-micron arteries but
      compressed arteries greater than 1,500 micron. Further expansion reduced the
      caliber of all arteries. Thus increasing lung liquid volume progressively
      constricts the pulmonary circulation in the fetus. Because the fetal pulmonary
      vascular resistance-lung volume relationship differs from that of the U-shaped
      form found in adult lungs, concepts based on the adult pulmonary circulation are
      not appropriate for liquid-filled fetal lungs.

PMID- 3356668
TI  - A model for hypoxic constriction of the pulmonary circulation.
AB  - The detailed anatomic and biodynamic data provided for the cat lung by Zhuang et
      al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 55: 1341-1348, 1983) allowed pressure-flow curves for the
      normal lung to be generated. This model has been modified to permit the
      stimulation of the pressure and flow distribution effects of hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction for a two-compartment lung and generalized to allow comparison
      with the experimental results from dogs (and probably other species). Hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstriction is simulated by reduction of the initial diameter of
      the smallest six orders of pulmonary arteries. Expressions are presented that
      relate the alveolar and mixed-venous O2 tensions to a graded constriction of
      these vessels. In addition, the diameter of the capillary sheet and the six small
      arteries is defined with a maximum diameter at a transmural pressure of 20 cmH2O.
      Pressure-flow curves are derived for any combination of alveolar and mixed-venous
      O2 tension, alveolar and pleural pressure, left atrial pressure, and hematocrit.
      The two-compartment model is solved by an iterative procedure to identify the
      distribution of the flow and the resulting pulmonary arterial pressure when the
      compartments differ by size, hypoxic constriction, or other imposed conditions.
      The results of the model are compared with those from a variety of experimental
      preparations. It is concluded that the model is useful for identifying the
      quantitative causes of changes in the response to hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction and for the exploration of the functional influence of
      mechanical properties of the vasculature.

PMID- 3356669
TI  - Breathing pattern of anesthetized humans during pancuronium-induced partial
      paralysis.
AB  - We investigated the breathing patterns of 17 subjects anesthetized with enflurane
      before and after partial muscle paralysis produced by pancuronium bromide. In the
      face of significant muscle weakness produced by pancuronium, breathing patterns
      are characterized by decreases in both tidal volume and respiratory frequency.
      The decreased tidal volume corresponded to the decrease in occlusion pressure,
      indicating that the decreased tidal volume results solely from a decreased
      contractile force of the respiratory muscles. The decreased respiratory frequency
      was due to prolongation of both inspiratory and expiratory time without changing
      the ratio of the inspiratory time to the total breath time. Withdrawal of phasic
      vagal influence by airway occlusion before partial muscle paralysis revealed that
      an active Breuer-Hering inflation reflex was operative in only 8 of all 17
      subjects. Since the contribution of the Breuer-Hering inflation reflex alone does
      not seem to account for the consistent decrease in respiratory frequency, some
      other mechanisms modulating respiratory frequency might be involved in the
      characteristic breathing patterns during partial muscle paralysis under enflurane
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3356670
TI  - Inspiratory muscle activity during unloaded and obstructed rebreathing in dogs.
AB  - Moving-average electromyogram (EMG) of the diaphragm (DI), scalenes, and cranial
      and caudal parasternals was assessed in anesthetized, supine, and head-up dogs
      during rebreathing. The shape of EMG trajectory was similar for all muscles and
      conditions; activation of different muscles could be thus compared on the basis
      of changes in peak activity. In intact dogs changes in peak activity were greater
      for the scalenes and cranial parasternals than for the caudal parasternals and
      greater for the inspiratory thoracic muscles (ITM) than for the DI. Posture,
      vagotomy, and cordotomy at C7-T1 did not affect the rate of rise of DI activity.
      The relations between peak activity of ITM did not change because of posture,
      vagotomy, and phrenicotomy. Vagotomy selectively depressed the rate of rise of
      ITM activity, but relative changes in peak ITM activity for a given change in
      peak DI activity were independent of intact vagi. Differences in the pattern of
      activation between inspiratory muscles with rebreathing are largely independent
      of proprioceptive inputs and likely reflect properties of central control
      mechanisms. However, airway occlusion at end expiration caused a reflex fall of
      DI activity and reflex increase of ITM activity in intact and vagotomized dogs.
      Cordotomy at C7-T1 did not change DI response, whereas reduction of ITM activity
      occurred after phrenicotomy, indicating that both facilitatory and inhibitory
      segmental inputs are involved in ITM response to loading.

PMID- 3356671
TI  - Thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Tissue Culture Association. June 12-15, 1988,
      Las Vegas, NV. Abstracts.

PMID- 3356672
TI  - Methylphenidate in treating poststroke depression.
AB  - The authors retrospectively studied the charts of 25 patients with poststroke
      depression who were treated with methylphenidate. The 13 patients (52%) who
      recovered completely from their depression did not differ significantly from the
      12 nonresponders on demographic characteristics, location of cerebrovascular
      accident, and other variables. Mood usually improved within 48 hours; only 3
      (12%) patients had side effects. Rapid response to treatment and lack of
      significant side effects indicate that methylphenidate may be a valuable
      treatment for poststroke depression.

PMID- 3356673
TI  - Long-term course in 14 bulimic patients treated with psychotherapy.
AB  - Fourteen patients with bulimia were treated with group psychotherapy and with
      strategic use of antidepressants and individual psychotherapy as needed. The 12
      who achieved sustained remission required an average of 21 months of treatment.
      Patients with both an axis I and an axis II diagnosis did less well and required
      longer treatment than those who met criteria for bulimia only. Bulimic symptoms
      varied substantially with time, so that a definition of remission requiring that
      a patient be symptom-free for 6 months was more accurate than acute outcome data.
      Patients with comorbid affective disorders, personality disorders, and bulimia
      had the poorest prognosis.

PMID- 3356674
TI  - Sequence of drug administration in lithium augmentation: a case study.
AB  - A 25-year-old man was hospitalized twice for melancholia. During the first
      hospitalization he had no response to a trial of desipramine but improved after
      the addition of lithium; during the second hospitalization he had no response to
      lithium but improved after the addition of desipramine. Concurrent administration
      of lithium and a tricyclic may be effective in some patients who respond to
      neither drug alone, but the sequence of drug administration may not be a critical
      factor.

PMID- 3356675
TI  - Buspirone-induced jitteriness in three patients with panic disorder and one
      patient with generalized anxiety disorder.
AB  - Three patients with a history of panic disorder and one patient with a history of
      generalized anxiety disorder were treated with buspirone and experienced an
      increase in their anxiety levels, agitation, and restlessness and also developed
      pressured speech and racing thoughts. These symptoms completely resolved after
      buspirone was discontinued. Jitteriness may have been due to an unusual
      adrenergic sensitivity in these patients.

PMID- 3356676
TI  - Concurrent lithium therapy prevents ECT-induced switch to mania.

PMID- 3356678
TI  - Synthetic beta-turn peptides as substrates for a tyrosine protein kinase.
AB  - An attempt has been made at defining the secondary structural requirement for
      phosphorylation of substrates of a protein tyrosine kinase from the leukemia
      virus-transformed LSTRA cell line. An examination of the sites of phosphorylation
      of substrates of protein tyrosine kinases indicated a relatively high probability
      of the beta-turn as the secondary structural feature at these sites. We have,
      therefore, synthesized three tyrosine peptides: Ala-Pro-Tyr-Gly-NHCH3, Leu-Pro
      Tyr-Ala-NHCH3, and Pro-Gly-Ala-Tyr-NH2, of which the first two peptides, but not
      the third, would be expected to contain the tyrosine residue in a beta-turn.
      Circular dichroism and infrared spectral data on the peptides confirmed this
      expectation. Phosphorylation data on the peptides by the tyrosine kinase showed
      that the two beta-turn peptides were phosphorylated with Vmax and Km values
      comparable to those of the 13-residue-long arginine-containing synthetic peptide
      substrate having a sequence homologous to the autophosphorylation site of the
      LSTRA kinase. The peptides used here contain the shortest sequence length among
      the reported synthetic peptide substrates for protein tyrosine kinases. Their
      preference for the beta-turn indicated that this conformation may serve as the
      recognition site for tyrosine phosphorylation.

PMID- 3356677
TI  - The human growth hormone gene contains both positive and negative control
      elements.
AB  - A subset of DNA sequences in the 5'-flanking DNA of the human growth hormone
      (hGH) gene was examined by protein-DNA binding and gene transfer-expression
      experiments. Two adjacent cis-acting elements (I and II) were identified between
      nucleotides -308/-235 of the hGH gene that modulated the expression of a linked
      reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. Elements I and II repressed gene
      expression whereas element II alone activated it. HeLa whole cell extracts
      contain two factors that bind hGH DNA carrying elements I and II. Factor I binds
      to single-stranded DNA, and its binding is correlated with repression of gene
      expression. Factor II binds between nucleotides -275/-257 of the hGH gene. This
      region is homologous to the binding site for the adenovirus major late
      transcription factor, and factor II binding to hGH DNA is competed by adenovirus
      major late promoter DNA, indicating that the hGH and major late adenovirus
      promoters share a transcription regulatory element.

PMID- 3356679
TI  - Role of high-density lipoprotein in transport of circulating bilirubin in rats.
AB  - The analbuminemic rat strain established by Nagase et al. (Nagase, S., Shimamune,
      K., and Shumiya, S. (1979) Science 205, 590-591) exhibits hereditary deficiency
      in albumin biosynthesis. Serum bilirubin concentration is rather lower in
      homozygous (aa) rats (0.009 +/- 0.002 mg/dl) as compared with heterozygous (Aa)
      rats (0.047 +/- 0.009 mg/dl) or wild-type Sprague-Dawley (AA) rats (0.034 +/-
      0.006 mg/dl) as evidenced by high pressure liquid chromatography analysis of
      bilirubin. After intravenous administration of various amounts of [heme
      3H]hemoglobin in rats, [3H]bilirubin derived from [3H]heme of hemoglobin in vivo
      is more efficiently excreted into bile in aa rats than in Aa or AA rats.
      [3H]Bilirubin is exclusively bound with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in aa
      rats, and a significant amount of [3H]bilirubin is shown to bind with HDL in Aa
      or AA rats in vivo. Scatchard plots revealed that [3H]bilirubin is bound with HDL
      in three binding modes depending on the molar ratio of [3H]bilirubin to HDL: Kd =
      0.8 X 10(-7) M (molar ratio, 0.02-0.06), Kd = 1.6 X 10(-6) M (molar ratio, 0.06
      0.41), and Kd = 1.2 X 10(-4) M (molar ratio, 0.79-9.02). Even under extreme
      conditions of excess hemoglobin administration, the molar ratio remains under
      0.041; and thus, expected the Kd value would remain around 0.8 X 10(-7) M.
      Binding of [3H]bilirubin to rat serum albumin revealed two distinct binding modes
      depending on the molar ratio of [3H]bilirubin to rat serum albumin: Kd = 3.6 X
      10(-7) M (molar ratio, 0.03-0.21), and Kd = 5.0 X 10(-6) M (molar ratio, 0.21
      2.46). Under physiological conditions in Aa or AA rats, the former mode would be
      more reliable than the latter. Thus, HDL could bind with approximately 4.5 times
      higher affinity than rat serum albumin in Aa or AA rats under physiological
      conditions in vivo.

PMID- 3356680
TI  - Internalization of nerve growth factor by PC12 cells. A description of cellular
      pools.
AB  - Binding and internalization of nerve growth factor (NGF) by responsive cells is a
      complex process. We have incubated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) with 125I
      NGF at 37 degrees C and measured the association of ligand after removal of
      subsets of bound ligand by different methods. Chase with unlabeled NGF at either
      4 or 37 degrees C, acid stripping, nonionic detergent stability, and combinations
      of these protocols were utilized. These variations of the binding assay were able
      to distinguish ligand bound to fast versus slow cell surface receptors, NGF bound
      to slow receptors at the cell surface versus cell interior, and soluble ligand
      versus cytoskeletally attached NGF. Quantitative and temporal relations among
      five cellular pools were defined. Experiments with the inhibitors chloroquine,
      cytochalasin B, and colchicine defined pools of NGF in terms of the route through
      the cell from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. Chloroquine caused
      accumulation of NGF only in the pool that was not associated with the
      cytoskeleton, implicating the involvement of this pool in supplying ligand to the
      lysosome. Results with cytochalasin B and colchicine suggest that both
      microfilaments and microtubules are involved in pathways leading to NGF
      degradation. A semiquantitative model for the movement of NGF through the cell is
      presented based on these observations.

PMID- 3356681
TI  - Heat shock response of the chloroplast genome in Vigna sinensis.
AB  - The light-dependent protein synthesis occurring in chloroplasts isolated from the
      leaves of 7-day-old Vigna sinensis responded to heat shock with the induction of
      a set of four heat shock proteins (HSPs). The synthesis of these four HSPs at the
      elevated temperature was transcriptionally regulated, and all of them were found
      to be thylakoid membrane-bound. The synthesis of these chloroplast-coded HSPs was
      also observed in etioplasts during protein synthesis at the elevated temperatures
      with the exogenously added ATP. The in vivo induction of these plastid-coded HSPs
      was observed only in the leaves subjected to gradual increase in temperature but
      not in leaves subjected to rapid heat shock. Further, the in vitro synthesis of
      these plastid-coded HSPs was seen only in chloroplasts isolated from the control
      or from leaves subjected to gradual increase in temperature and not in
      chloroplasts isolated from leaves subjected to rapid heat shock. Taken together
      these observations suggest that in V. sinensis, the plastid genome contains a
      definite heat shock response and the in vivo expression of this response
      corresponds to the gradual rise in temperature normally occurring under field
      conditions.

PMID- 3356682
TI  - Tyrosine protonation changes in bacteriorhodopsin. A Fourier transform infrared
      study of BR548 and its primary photoproduct.
AB  - The structural alterations which occur in bacteriorhodopsin (bR) during dark
      adaptation (BR570----BR548) and the primary phototransition of the dark
      photocycle (BR548----KD610) have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared
      and UV difference spectroscopy. Possible contributions of tyrosine to the Fourier
      transform infrared difference spectra of these transitions were assigned by
      incorporating ring per-deuterated tyrosine into bR. Based on these data and UV
      difference measurements, we conclude that a stable tyrosinate exists in BR570 at
      physiological temperature and that it protonates during formation of BR548. A
      tyrosinate protonation has also been observed at low temperature during the
      primary phototransition of BR570 to the red-shifted photoproduct K630 (1).
      However, we now find that no tyrosine protonation change occurs during the
      primary phototransition of BR548 to the red-shifted intermediate KD610. Through
      analysis of bR containing isotopically labeled retinals, it was also determined
      that the chromophore of KD610 exits in a 13-trans, 15-cis configuration. On the
      basis of this evidence and previous studies on the structure of the chromophore
      in BR570, BR548, and K630, it appears that only the 13-trans,15-trans
      configuration of the protonated chromophore leads to a stable tyrosinate group.
      It is proposed that a tyrosinate residue is stabilized due to its interaction
      with the Schiff base positive charge in the BR570 chromophore. Isomerization of
      the chromophore about either the C13 = C14 or C = N bond disrupts this
      interaction causing a protonation of the tyrosinate.

PMID- 3356683
TI  - The effect of triacyl-sn-glycerol structure on the metabolism of chylomicrons and
      triacylglycerol-rich emulsions in the rat.
AB  - A systematic study was undertaken to observe the effects of dietary (dioleoyl)
      triacyl-sn-glycerol structure on chylomicron composition and metabolism. First
      studied was a series of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(saturated)acyl-sn-glycerols, where the
      fatty acid esterified at the 3-position was varied from 14 to 24 carbons. Next a
      series of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-acyl glycerols was studied, with various fatty acids
      esterified at the glycerol 2-position. These stereospecific triacyl-sn-glycerols
      were fed to donor rats and lymph chylomicrons were isolated, analyzed, and
      reinjected into recipient rats to study their disappearance from plasma and
      delivery to tissues. As shown by their compositions, chylomicrons obtained after
      feeding triacylglycerols containing all sn-3 fatty acid of chain length greater
      than 20 carbons were under-represented, possibly due to poorer digestion by
      lipases, or poorer absorption by the intestine. The 18-carbon saturated chain
      fatty acid (stearic acid) was equally well represented in chylomicrons whether in
      the 2- or 3-position of the fed triacylglycerol. The presence of increased
      amounts of long-chain saturated fatty acids in donor chylomicron triacylglycerols
      affected the metabolism of chylomicrons injected into the bloodstream of
      recipient rats. In particular the rate of removal of labeled cholesteryl esters,
      tracing removal of the partially degraded chylomicron remnants was slowed by the
      saturated chains, with palmitic acid and the 20-carbon fatty acid, arachidic
      acid, showing the most severe effects. There were clear differences in the
      removal from plasma of injected lymph chylomicrons derived from fed
      triacylglycerols containing stearic acid in either the 2- or 3-position, with
      evidence for remnants from the symmetrical triacylglycerols being less rapidly
      removed from the circulating blood. This effect was investigated further by
      injected model emulsions of chylomicrons, where the 2-position was substituted
      with saturated or transunsaturated acyl chains. Quantitation of removal from the
      blood stream of these model lipoproteins confirmed that a saturated or
      transunsaturated long chain fatty acid at the 2-position of the emulsion
      triacylglycerols slowed remnant removal from the blood. In some cases, with both
      lymph chylomicron and with emulsions, the lipolytic step mediated by lipoprotein
      lipase was also slowed.

PMID- 3356684
TI  - Dogfish alpha-crystallin sequences. Comparison with small heat shock proteins and
      Schistosoma egg antigen.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the alpha-crystallin A and B chains of the dogfish,
      Squalus acanthias, have been determined. Comparison with alpha-crystallins from
      other species reveals that charged amino acid replacements have been strongly
      avoided in the evolution of this lens protein. The homology of alpha-crystallins
      with the small heat shock proteins is pronounced throughout the major part of the
      proteins, starting from the position of the first intron in the alpha-crystallin
      genes, but is also detectable in the amino-terminal sequences of human, Xenopus,
      and Drosophila small heat shock proteins. In addition, a remarkable short
      sequence similarity is present only in the amino termini of dogfish alpha B and
      Drosophila HSP22. The Schistosoma egg antigen p40 turns out to have a tandemly
      repeated region of homology with the common sequence domain of alpha-crystallins
      and small heat shock proteins. Comparison of hydropathy profiles indicates the
      conservation of conformation of the common domains in these three families of
      proteins. Construction of phylogenetic trees suggests that the alpha A and alpha
      B genes apparently originated from a single ancestral small heat shock protein
      gene and indicates that introns have been lost during the evolution of the heat
      shock protein genes.

PMID- 3356685
TI  - Subunit interaction sites between the regulatory and catalytic subunits of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase. Identification of a specific interchain disulfide bond.
AB  - The catalytic (C) subunit and the type II regulatory (RII) subunit of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase can be cross-linked by interchain disulfide bonding.
      This disulfide bond can be catalyzed by cupric phenanthroline and also can be
      generated by a disulfide interchange using either RII-subunit or C-subunit that
      has been modified with either 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) or N
      4(azidophenylthio)phthalimide (APTP). When the 2 cysteine residues of the C
      subunit are reacted with DTNB prior to incubation with the RII-subunit,
      interchain disulfide bonding occurs. Similar observations are seen with C-subunit
      that had been modified with APTP. Interchain disulfide bonds also form when the
      RII-subunit is modified with DTNB prior to incubation with the C-subunit. The
      presence of cAMP facilitates this cross-linking while autophosphorylation of the
      RII-subunit retards the rate at which the interchain disulfide bond forms.
      Interchain disulfide bonds also form spontaneously when the RII-subunit and the C
      subunit are dialyzed at pH 8.0 in the absence of reducing agents. The specific
      amino acid residues that participate in intersubunit disulfide bonding have been
      identified as Cys-97 in the RII-subunit and Cys-199 in the C-subunit. Based on
      the sequence homologies of the RII-subunit with other kinase substrates and on
      the proximity of Cys-97 to the catalytic site, a model is proposed in which the
      autophosphorylation site of the RII-subunit occupies the substrate-binding site
      in the holoenzyme. The model also proposes that this same site may be occupied by
      the region flanking Cys-199 in the C-subunit when the C-subunit is dissociated.

PMID- 3356686
TI  - A comparison of 30-kDa and 10-kDa hormone-containing fragments of bovine
      thyroglobulin.
AB  - Studies have been carried out on reduced and alkylated 19 S bovine thyroglobulin
      to characterize naturally occurring, iodine-rich fragments. In this report, the
      purification and properties of a 30-kDa, hormone-enriched polypeptide (TgE) are
      described and compared to that of a previously reported 10-kDa fragment (TgF).
      The amino acid sequence of TgF was found to overlap with that of TgE. In spite of
      its larger size, TgE contains only a single hormone bearing site. Both the 10-
      and 30-kDa fragments are derived from the NH2-terminal end of the bovine
      thyroglobulin. These fragments contain the principal hormone-forming site at
      residue 5 of the thyroglobulin sequence and appear to be formed by cleavage of
      the parent polypeptide chain. The mechanism which generates these cleavages is
      not clear since the sequences surrounding the cleavage points which give rise to
      these peptides are quite different. These two fragments may be precursor and
      product in such a process. The amino acid sequence contained within TgE includes
      two putative sites for N-linked glycosylation. Since no glucosamine was observed
      and only small amounts of neutral sugar were detected, it appears that this part
      of the molecule is not extensively glycosylated.

PMID- 3356687
TI  - Regulation of 5-aminolevulinate synthase mRNA in different rat tissues.
AB  - cDNA clones for rat liver 5-aminolevulinate synthase have been isolated and used
      to examine mRNA levels in different rat tissues. Northern hybridization analysis
      of total RNA from various rat tissues showed the presence of a single 5
      aminolevulinate synthase mRNA species of estimated length 2.3 kilobases. Primer
      extension and RNase mapping studies indicated that the mRNA is identical in all
      tissues. Highest basal levels were seen in liver and heart. Administration of
      hemin to rats reduced the basal level of this mRNA only in liver but the heme
      precursor, 5-aminolevulinate (or its methyl ester), repressed the basal levels in
      liver, kidney, heart, testis, and brain. The drug 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide
      increased the mRNA level in liver and kidney only while human chorionic
      gonadotropin hormone elevated the level in testis. Administration of the heme
      precursor 5-aminolevulinate prevented these inductions. Nuclear transcriptional
      run-off experiments in liver cell nuclei showed that 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide
      and 5-aminolevulinate exert their effect by altering the rate of transcription of
      the 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene. The results indicate that a single 5
      aminolevulinate synthase mRNA is expressed in all tissues and that its
      transcription is negatively regulated by heme.

PMID- 3356688
TI  - Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (omega-6 lipoxygenase) from human leukocytes.
      Purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases.
AB  - The enzyme responsible for 15-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid was purified to
      homogeneity from human eosinophil-enriched leukocytes using a combination of
      ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and high
      pressure liquid chromatography on hydroxyapatite and cation-exchange columns.
      Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified protein
      revealed a single major band (apparent Mr 70,000). Amino acid sequence analysis
      yielded a single N-terminal sequence. Comparison of the N-terminal 15 residues
      reveals 71% sequence identity to the rabbit reticulocyte lipoxygenase and 36%
      sequence identity to the rat basophilic leukemia 5-lipoxygenase. In contrast,
      sequence identity to the soybean lipoxygenase-1 is not observed. These results
      demonstrate that human 15-lipoxygenase can be isolated from eosinophil-enriched
      leukocytes and is accessible for direct sequence analysis. Furthermore, we
      present initial evidence that the mammalian lipoxygenases constitute an
      homologous family of enzymes. The availability of homogeneous human 15
      lipoxygenase will play a key role in elucidating other relationships in this
      family of enzymes.

PMID- 3356690
TI  - Effect of base composition at the center of inverted repeated DNA sequences on
      cruciform transitions in DNA.
AB  - We have analyzed the effect of base composition at the center of symmetry of
      inverted repeated DNA sequences on cruciform transitions in supercoiled DNA. For
      this we have constructed two series of palindromic DNA sequences: one set with
      differing center and one set with differing center and arm sequences. The F
      series consists of two 96-base pair perfect inverted repeats which are identical
      except for the central 10 base pairs which consist of pure AT or GC base pairs.
      The S series was constructed such that the overall base composition of the
      inverted repeats was identical but in which the positioning of blocks of AT- and
      GC-rich sequences varied. The rate of cruciform formation for the inverted
      repeats in plasmid pUC8 was dramatically influenced by the 8-10 base pairs at the
      center of the inverted repeat. Inverted repeats with 8-10 AT base pairs in the
      center were kinetically much more active in cruciform formation than inverted
      repeats with 8-10 GC base pairs in the center. These experiments show a dominant
      influence of the center sequences of inverted repeats on the rate of cruciform
      formation.

PMID- 3356689
TI  - Differential gastrin gene expression in rat gastrointestinal tract and pancreas
      during neonatal development.
AB  - Gastrin gene expression exhibits a complex pattern of tissue-specific expression
      during the neonatal development of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In
      the rat fetus, the pancreas is the major site of gastrin expression; very little
      gastrin is found in the antrum which is the major site of adult expression.
      Pancreatic gastrin mRNA is identical to the antral species having the same
      transcriptional initiation site. The post-translational processing of the
      pancreatic gastrin peptide, however, differs in being fully tyrosine sulfated,
      and thus it resembles gastrin's homologue, cholecystokinin. Pancreatic gastrin is
      maximally expressed during late fetal gestation before the marked rise in
      somatostatin, insulin, and glucagon mRNA levels which occurs during the last 4
      days of gestation. After birth, gastrin mRNA levels rapidly disappear as the
      other islet mRNAs achieve stable maximal levels. Unlike the pancreas, gastrin
      gene expression in the duodenum and antrum is similar to the development profiles
      of somatostatin and glucagon gene expression. In the duodenum, however,
      expression of cholecystokinin differs from the common developmental pattern in
      being expressed only after birth. Thus, pancreatic gastrin gene expression shows
      a reciprocal relationship to the developmental expression of cholecystokinin in
      the duodenum.

PMID- 3356691
TI  - Isolation of rat liver microtubule-associated proteins. Evidence for a family of
      microtubule-associated proteins with molecular mass of around 200,000 which
      distribute widely among mammalian cells.
AB  - Heat-stable microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were isolated from rat liver
      crude extract. The most prominent species showed a molecular mass close to that
      of bovine adrenal 190-kDa MAP (Kotani, S., Murofushi, H., Maekawa, S., Sato, C.,
      and Sakai, H. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 156, 23-29), termed rat 190-kDa MAP.
      Immunological studies with antiserum against the rat 190-kDa MAP showed that this
      MAP exists in a variety of rat cells and tissues. The characteristics of the rat
      190-kDa MAP, including molecular mass, heat stability, and distribution pattern,
      were very similar to those of bovine adrenal 190-kDa MAP. However, one
      dimensional peptide mapping revealed considerable difference, and there is little
      mutual immunological cross-reactivity. We also identified in mouse neuroblastoma
      Neuro 2a cells a MAP of around 200 kDa which is considered to be MAP4 (Parysek,
      L. M., Asnes, C.F., and Olmsted, J.B. (1984) J. Cell Biol. 99, 1309-1315). MAP4
      was slightly immunoreactive to both anti-(rat 190-kDa MAP) antiserum and anti
      (bovine 190-kDa MAP) antiserum. Taking these results together, we conclude that
      mammalian tissues ubiquitously contain heat-stable MAPs of 200 kDa and that these
      200-kDa MAPs should be considered as species-specific homologues.

PMID- 3356692
TI  - The lectin-like interaction between recombinant tumor necrosis factor and
      uromodulin.
AB  - The polypeptide of uromodulin, an immunosuppressive glycoprotein isolated from
      human urine, has been shown to be identical to that of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
      and is synthesized exclusively in the kidney (Hession, C., Decker, J. M.,
      Sherblom, A. P., Kumar, S. (1987) Science 237, 1479-1484). Uromodulin binds
      recombinant murine interleukin 1 alpha with high affinity, and this binding can
      be inhibited by addition of specific saccharides (Muchmore, A. V., and Decker, J.
      M. (1987) J. Immunol. 138, 2541-2546). We now report that uromodulin binds
      recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) with high affinity. Both
      diacetylchitobiose and Man(alpha 1-6)(Man(alpha 1-3]-Man-O-ethyl are effective
      inhibitors of the binding, whereas a wide variety of other saccharides are not
      inhibitory. Although Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein contains predominantly
      tetraantennary N-linked chains, the binding to rTNF is unaffected by removal of
      terminal sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylhexosamine residues. Fractionation
      of a Pronase digest of uromodulin by gel filtration yields material that inhibits
      the binding of uromodulin to rTNF but is of lower molecular weight than the major
      oligosaccharide. Uromodulin does not inhibit the cytotoxic activity of rTNF as
      monitored by lysis of tumor cell targets but effectively protects mice from
      lethal challenge with lipopolysaccharide, an event that may involve lymphokine
      toxicity. We have previously shown that rTNF binds to sections of human kidney
      and is localized in the same region as uromodulin. Thus, rTNF interacts with
      uromodulin via carbohydrate chains that are less processed than the major
      tetraantennary chain, and this interaction may be critical in promoting clearance
      and/or reducing toxicity of TNF and other lymphokines.

PMID- 3356693
TI  - Initiation factors that bind mRNA. A comparison of mammalian factors with wheat
      germ factors.
AB  - Three mammalian eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) are required for the ATP
      dependent binding of mRNA to the 40 S ribosomal subunit. These three factors, eIF
      4A, eIF-4B, and eIF-4F, have also been isolated from wheat germ. Three assays
      were used to measure the ability of the wheat germ factors to interact with
      and/or substitute for the mammalian factors. Two assay systems were used to
      measure partial reactions involving the interaction of the three factors, ATP,
      and mRNA: 1) RNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis and 2) cross-linking of the factors to
      the 5' cap of oxidized mRNA. A third assay system was used to measure the ability
      of the factors to support initiation of protein synthesis. The results of the ATP
      hydrolysis and cross-linking experiments indicate that the wheat germ factors can
      interact with or substitute for the mammalian factors. Wheat germ eIF-4A appears
      to be functionally equivalent to mammalian eIF-4A. Wheat germ eIF-4B and eIF-4F
      appear to be isozymes possessing functions similar to mammalian eIF-4F. Wheat
      germ eIF-4B does not appear to be a functional equivalent to the mammalian eIF
      4B. In a complete translation system from wheat germ, mammalian factors partially
      substitute for wheat germ factors, whereas the wheat germ factors are ineffective
      in the mammalian system.

PMID- 3356694
TI  - The effect of Mg2+ and guanine nucleotide exchange factor on the binding of
      guanine nucleotides to eukaryotic initiation factor 2.
AB  - A major site of regulation of polypeptide chain initiation is the binding of Met
      tRNA to 40 S ribosomal subunits which is mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor
      2 (eIF-2). The formation of ternary complex, eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNA, is potently
      inhibited by GDP. Measurement of the parameters for guanine nucleotide binding to
      eIF-2 is critical to understanding the control of protein synthesis by
      fluctuations in cellular energy levels. We have compared the dissociation
      constants (Kd) of eIF-2.GDP and eIF-2.GTP and find that GDP has a 400-fold higher
      affinity for GDP than GTP. The Kd for GDP is almost an order of magnitude less
      than has been reported previously. The difference between the Kd values for the
      two nucleotides is the result of a faster rate constant for GTP release, the rate
      constants for binding being approximately equal. This combination of rate
      constants and low levels of contaminating GDP in preparations of GTP can explain
      the apparently unstable nature of eIF-2.GTP observed by others. Mg2+ stabilizes
      binary complexes slowing the rates of release of nucleotide from both eIF-2.GDP
      and eIF-2.GTP. The competition between GTP and GDP for binding to eIF-2.guanine
      nucleotide exchange factor complex has been measured. A 10-fold higher GTP
      concentration than GDP is required to reduce [32P] GDP binding to eIF-2.guanine
      nucleotide exchange factor complex by 50%. The relevance of this competition to
      the regulation of protein synthesis by energy levels is discussed.

PMID- 3356695
TI  - The catalytic mechanism of guanine nucleotide exchange factor action and
      competitive inhibition by phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2.
AB  - Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) is a multisubunit protein involved in
      the initiation of translation. Although numerous models have been proposed for
      its mechanism of action, none have been definitive. An assay dependent on GEF
      activity was developed using highly purified eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF
      2) and GEF from Ehrlich cells. GEF was considered in terms of an enzyme whose
      catalytic function was the exchange of eIF-2-bound [alpha-32P]GDP for unlabeled
      nucleotide. The turnover number of GEF at 37 degrees C, calculated on the basis
      of enzyme kinetic methods is 0.027 s, which is consistent with in vivo rates of
      protein synthesis. Moreover, kinetic data support an enzyme-substituted mechanism
      as the mode of GEF function. This mechanism proposes the existence of a GEF.eIF
      2.GDP complex and excludes the possibility of two guanine nucleotide binding
      sites on eIF-2. An analogous mechanism has been recently reported for elongation
      factor Ts, suggesting the importance of this mechanism to protein synthesis. The
      mechanism of inhibition of GEF function by eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation has also
      been investigated. It has been generally assumed that the mechanism by which eIF
      2(P) traps GEF is an excessively stable complex, from which GEF is released very
      slowly. Data presented here, however, reveal that eIF-2(P).GDP is a competitive
      inhibitor of GEF (rather than an irreversible inhibitor) competing with eIF-2.GDP
      for binding to GEF. Even though the eIF-2(P).GDP.GEF complex dissociates too
      rapidly to measure, GEF is trapped because it has at least 150-fold greater
      affinity for eIF-2(P).GDP than for eIF-2.GDP. The implications of competitive
      inhibition with respect to the mechanism of reversal of inhibition by an eIF-2(P)
      phosphatase are discussed.

PMID- 3356696
TI  - Allosteric nucleotide specificity of phosphorylase kinase: correlation of
      binding, conformational transitions, and activation. Utilization of lin-benzo-ADP
      to measure the binding of other nucleoside diphosphates, including the
      phosphorothioates of ADP.
AB  - Recent work has shown that ADP is an allosteric activator of nonphosphorylated
      phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle (Cheng, A., Fitzgerald, T. J.,
      and Carlson, G. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2535-2542). The specificity of the
      allosteric site for nucleoside diphosphates is further investigated in this
      study. Only purine nucleoside diphosphates are capable of causing allosteric
      activation, and an amino group at position 2 or 6 of the purine ring is required.
      Comparisons are made of the abilities of 5'-diphosphate analogs of ADP, including
      phosphorothioates, to activate, to bind, and to induce in the enzyme's beta
      subunits conformational changes associated with activation. Binding is measured
      by competition titrations utilizing fluorescence polarization of lin-benzo-ADP,
      itself an allosteric activator; and conformational changes are measured by
      partial proteolysis and chemical cross-linking. When measured at an identical
      percentage of saturation at the allosteric site, the abilities of ADP analogs to
      induce conformational changes in the beta subunits parallel their abilities to
      activate the holoenzyme. An unmodified beta-phosphate of ADP, although not
      necessary for binding at the allosteric site, is needed to fully drive the
      activating conformational transition. The activating nucleoside diphosphate
      appears to be the free species, as opposed to its Mg2+ complex.

PMID- 3356697
TI  - Competition between nucleoside diphosphates and triphosphates at the catalytic
      and allosteric sites of phosphorylase kinase.
AB  - The interactions of nucleotides at the allosteric and catalytic sites of
      phosphorylase kinase were examined. Binding of nucleoside triphosphates at the
      nucleoside diphosphate allosteric activation site inhibited enzymatic activity;
      this was observed with either ATP or GTP. Increasing concentrations of ADP caused
      a biphasic response: low concentrations activated and higher concentrations
      inhibited. Inhibition was due to the binding of ADP at the catalytic site, as
      opposed to an allosteric inhibitory site. GDP activated at low concentrations,
      but did not inhibit even at relatively high concentrations, and is therefore a
      specific probe for the allosteric site. Maximal activity of the nonactivated
      holoenzyme at pH 6.8 is achieved at an optimal ratio of ATP to ADP, such that the
      inhibitory actions of ATP at the allosteric site and of ADP at the catalytic site
      are balanced. Various potential molecular mechanisms to explain the allosteric
      activation by ADP were examined and ruled out, thus strengthening our previous
      conclusion that the activation is predominantly caused by a conformational
      transition in the beta subunits directly induced by the binding of ADP (Cheng,
      A., Fitzgerald, T. J., and Carlson, G. M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2535-2542;
      Trempe, M. R., and Carlson, G. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4333-4340; Cheng,
      A., Fitzgerald, T. J., Bhatnager, D., Roskoski, R., Jr., and Carlson, G. M.
      (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5534-5542). The catalytic site exhibited high
      stereospecificity for inhibition by the Rp and Sp epimers of adenosine 5'-O-(1
      thiodiphosphate), with the Rp epimer (Ki = 0.5 microM) being 136-fold more
      effective than its Sp counterpart. This can readily explain the inability of the
      Rp epimer to be an effective allosteric activator.

PMID- 3356698
TI  - NMR study of a lymphocyte differentiating thymic factor. An investigation of the
      Zn(II)-nonapeptide complexes (thymulin).
AB  - Detailed investigations of a serum peptide (less than Glu1-Ala2-Lys3-Ser4-Gln5
      Gly6-Gly7-Ser8-++ +Asn9) were carried out by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy to
      elucidate the structure of the complex formed with Zn(II), thymulin, which has
      been found to be active in vivo. These experiments were performed in dimethyl
      sulfoxide-d6 solution at different metal:peptide ratios. The results suggest the
      following conclusions. (i) The Zn(II) complexation corresponds to a fast exchange
      on the NMR time scale. (ii) The evolution of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts
      indicates the existence of two types of complexes: a 1:2 species associating two
      peptide molecules and one Zn(II) ion and a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. The
      former is predominant for metal:peptide ratios below unity. (iii) In the 1:2
      complex, Zn(II) is coordinated by the Ser4-O gamma H and Asn9-CO2- sites, while
      in the 1:1 complex, Ser8-O gamma H is the third ligand to the Zn(II) ion. The
      results are compared with those for the [Ala4] and [Ala8] analogues, and those
      for the complexes of thymulin with other metal ions (Cu2+ and Al3+) in terms of
      its biological activity. These comparative studies suggested that the 1:1 complex
      is the only conformation recognized by the antibodies.

PMID- 3356699
TI  - Failure to detect beta-leucine in human blood or leucine 2,3-aminomutase in rat
      liver using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - It has been reported (Poston, J. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1859-1863; (1982)
      255, 10067-10072; (1984) 259, 2059-2061) that mammalian tissues contain an
      adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme, leucine 2,3-aminomutase, which catalyzes the
      interconversion of beta-leucine and leucine. It was also reported that beta
      leucine is detectable in normal human serum (mean = 4.8 mumol/liter, n = 37) and
      is elevated in serum from patients with cobalamin deficiency (mean = 24.7
      mumol/liter, n = 17). Serum levels of leucine were claimed to be decreased in the
      cobalamin deficient patients (mean = 52 mumol/liter) as compared with the normal
      subjects (mean = 81 mumol/liter). It was also reported that rat liver supernatant
      catalyzed the formation of beta-leucine, leucine, or both amino acids from iso
      fatty acids, and that the generation of leucine from iso-fatty acids was
      stimulated by adenosylcobalamin and inhibited by unsaturated cobalamin-binding
      protein. We have synthesized t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of beta-leucine and
      leucine and have used capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for their
      analysis. Using forms of beta-leucine and leucine that contain several deuterium
      atoms in place of several hydrogen atoms as internal standards, techniques have
      been developed which make it possible to detect and quantitate as little as 0.1
      mumol/liter of beta-leucine or leucine in human serum and in incubations
      containing rat liver supernatant. beta-Leucine was not detectable, i.e. less than
      0.1 mumol/liter, in any sera from 50 normal human subjects or in any sera from 50
      cobalamin-deficient patients. The mean level of leucine in the 50 cobalamin
      deficient sera was 219 mumol/liter, which was not decreased with respect to that
      in the 50 control sera (167 mumol/liter). Experiments in which beta-leucine,
      leucine, isostearic acid, or isocaproic acid were incubated with rat liver
      supernatant in the presence or absence of adenosylcobalamin or cobalamin-binding
      protein failed to demonstrate the formation of leucine or beta-leucine or their
      interconversion under any of the conditions studied. We conclude that beta
      leucine is not present in human blood and that the existence of leucine 2,3
      aminomutase in mammalian tissues remains to be established.

PMID- 3356700
TI  - Cl-/HCO3- exchange modulates intracellular pH in rat type II alveolar epithelial
      cells.
AB  - The role of an anion exchange pathway in modulating intracellular pH (pHi) under
      steady-state and alkaline load conditions was investigated in confluent
      monolayers of rat type II alveolar epithelial cells using the pH-sensitive
      fluorescent probe 2'-7'-biscarboxy-ethyl-5,6-carboxylfluorescein. Under steady
      state conditions in the presence of 25 mM HCO3-, 5% CO2 at pHo 7.4, pHi was 7.32
      in a Na+-replete medium and 7.33 in the absence of Na+. Steady-state pHi was 7.19
      in a nominally HCO3(-)-free medium at pHo 7.4, and 7.52 in a Cl(-)-free medium,
      with both values significantly different from that obtained in the presence of
      both HCO3- and Cl-. Monolayers in which pHi was rapidly elevated by removal of
      HCO3-/CO2 from the bathing medium demonstrated an absolute requirement for Cl- to
      recover toward base-line pHi. The Km of Cl- for the external site of the exchange
      pathway was 11 +/- 1 mM. Recovery of pHi from the alkaline load in the presence
      of Cl- was inhibited 60% by the stilbene derivative 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene
      2,2'-disulfonic acid. Removal of Cl- from the medium of cells bathed in HCO3-/CO2
      resulted in a rapid increment in pHi which returned to base line when Cl- was
      reintroduced into the bathing medium. In contrast, pHi was not perturbed by
      removal or addition of Cl- to monolayers bathed in a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1
      piperazineethanesulfonic acid-buffered medium, indicating that HCO3- was the
      preferred species for transport. Recovery of pHi from an alkaline load was not
      affected by the presence or absence of Na+. These findings define the transport
      pathway as Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange. This pathway contributes
      importantly to determining resting pHi of pneumocytes and enables the cell to
      recover from an alkaline load.

PMID- 3356701
TI  - Structural heterogeneity and purification of protein-free F430 from the cytoplasm
      of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
AB  - F430 is the nickel containing tetrapyrrole cofactor of S-methyl coenzyme M
      methylreductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of methane production
      by methanogenic bacteria: the reduction of S-methyl coenzyme M (H3CSCH2CH2SO3-)
      to methane and coenzyme M (HSCH2CH2SO3-). The protein-free F430 obtained from the
      cytosol of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, strain delta H, exists
      predominantly in two isomeric forms that differ in relative stereochemical
      disposition of acid side chains at the 12 and 13 positions of the macrocycle
      periphery (Pfaltz, A., Livingston, D. A., Jaun, B., Diekert, G., Thauer, R. K.,
      and Eschenmoser, A. (1985) Helv. Chim. Acta 68, 1338-1358). A simple one-step
      chromatographic procedure for the large-scale separation of these isomers is
      described. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies show that F430 (i.e. the native
      isomer) is 6-coordinate with long nickel-ligand bonds (approximately 2.1 A),
      suggesting an approximately planar macrocycle. In contrast, the 12,13-diepimer
      exhibits a 4-coordinate, square-planar structure with short nickel-nitrogen bonds
      (approximately 1.9 A), suggesting a ruffled macrocycle. Previous reports, based
      on other x-ray absorption spectroscopic data, of static disorder in F430 Ni-N
      distances are shown to be incorrect due to sample heterogeneity. The optical
      spectrum of F430 (whether purified from the protein-free cytosol or extracted at
      high ionic strength from the holoenzyme) differs significantly from that of the
      12,13-diepimer. The optical spectral differences are correlated with the
      alterations in coordination number and geometry of the central nickel ion in the
      two F430 isomers.

PMID- 3356702
TI  - Purification of the solubilized NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase of human neutrophils.
      Isolation of its catalytically inactive cytochrome b and flavoprotein redox
      centers.
AB  - The membrane-bound NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase of human neutrophils has been
      solubilized in approximately 70% yield and purified on concanavalin A-Sepharose
      and gel sieving columns of varying bed volumes and sieving ranges. The half-life
      of the solubilized oxidoreductase stored at 2-4 degrees C in the presence of 25%
      glycerol at pH 8.6 is approximately 30 h. The oxidoreductase contains a
      flavoprotein identifiable by its fluorescence spectrum for FAD which binds weakly
      to concanavalin A-Sepharose and elutes from gel sieving columns at a molecular
      weight range of approximately 51,000. This flavoprotein accounts for
      approximately 70% of the total FAD content found in granular membrane fractions
      recovered from activated neutrophils. Recovery of oxidoreductase activity from
      both concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity and gel sieving columns is affected by the
      resolution of the flavoprotein free of the cytochrome b component of the
      oxidoreductase. The resolved flavoprotein and cytochrome b appear unable to
      catalyze either NADH nor NADPH oxidase activities with O2, ferricyanide, or
      nitroblue tetrazolium salt serving as electron acceptors.

PMID- 3356703
TI  - Resolution of high and low affinity progesterone receptors from human breast
      carcinoma T47D cells.
AB  - Each of four independent experimental approaches showed that human breast
      carcinoma T47D cells contain both high and low affinity progesterone receptors.
      (i) Equilibrium-specific [3H]progesterone binding to adherent cultured cells
      revealed dissociation constants (Kd) of 1.5 and 60 nM and 0.33 and 2.4 X 10(6)
      sites/cell, respectively. Both the high and low affinity receptors were specific
      for progestins as demonstrated by steroid binding competition studies conducted
      at 5 and 50 nM [3H]progesterone. (ii) Equilibrium [3H]progesterone binding to the
      resolved soluble and particulate fractions from a cell homogenate sedimented at
      40,000 X g.min revealed Kd = 1.4 nM high affinity binding sites exclusively in
      the supernatant fraction and Kd = 24 nM low affinity sites exclusively in the
      particulate fraction. Extraction of the particulate fraction with a high ionic
      strength buffer solubilized the low affinity receptors stoichiometrically; but
      once solubilized, they displayed Kd = 2.4 nM high affinity progesterone binding.
      Characterizations of 3H-ligand bound specifically to progesterone receptors in
      intact cells or resolved subcellular fractions revealed no [3H]progesterone
      metabolites that could account for the low affinity binding. (iii) Calculations
      based on the rate constants of [3H] progesterone association with or dissociation
      from adherent cells revealed the same dissociation constants for both high and
      low affinity binding as those determined by equilibrium measurements. (iv)
      Nonionic detergent extraction of cells incubated with a wide range of
      [3H]progesterone concentrations revealed high affinity progesterone binding to
      receptors in the detergent-soluble fraction and low affinity binding associated
      primarily with the particulate residue, consistent with the data on equilibrium
      progesterone binding to resolved cell homogenate fractions. The rate of
      extraction of the high affinity receptor-progesterone complex with nonionic
      detergent (t1/2 = 1 min at 0 degrees C) equaled the rate of extraction of a
      representative lysosomal enzyme, beta-acetylglucosaminidase.

PMID- 3356704
TI  - Reaction of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase with fatty acid hydroperoxides.
      Characterization and mechanism.
AB  - Rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase must be in a reduced form to be catalytically
      active (Marota, J.J. A., and Shiman, R. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 1303-1311). In
      this communication we show that a fatty acid hydroperoxide, 13
      hydroperoxylinoleic acid (LOOH), can efficiently oxidize the reduced enzyme. In
      the process, the hydroperoxide is decomposed, oxygen consumed, and hydrogen
      peroxide formed. Enzyme reduction by the tetrahydropterin cofactor and
      reoxidation by LOOH can occur as two single steps or, when the enzyme
      concentration is low compared to that of the substrates, as part of a catalytic
      cycle. In this latter case, phenylalanine hydroxylase is a hydroperoxide
      dependent tetrahydropterin oxidase. The reaction requires 1.0 mol of O2, 1.0 mol
      of tetrahydropterin, and 0.5 mol of LOOH to yield 1.0 mol of quinonoid
      dihydropterin, 0.4 mol of H2O2, and fatty acid products. Thus far, the catalytic
      and single-step reactions appear the same in all properties, consistent with the
      steady-state reaction following a ping-pong mechanism. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
      is an excellent catalyst for this reaction: the turnover number with LOOH is
      slightly greater than with phenylalanine; the Km(app) for LOOH is 11 +/- 4
      microM; and the kcat/Km ratio for LOOH is about 25 times greater than for
      phenylalanine. LOOH and phenylalanine appear to react at different sites on
      phenylalanine appear to react at different sites on phenylalanine hydroxylase,
      and the reaction of LOOH is inhibited only slightly by phenylalanine and not at
      all by 5-deaza-6-methyltetrahydropterin, a competitive inhibitor of phenylalanine
      hydroxylation. The reaction of LOOH with phenylalanine hydroxylase strongly
      resembles the nonenzymatic reaction of LOOH with hematin, implying similar
      mechanisms for the two reactions and implicating the enzyme's non-heme iron as
      both the site of reaction of LOOH and of electron transfer during oxidation and
      reduction. The formation of hydrogen peroxide during a reaction of phenylalanine
      hydroxylase is unusual. Indirect evidence indicates a reduced oxygen species,
      formed on the enzyme during the reduction step, is (partially) released as H2O2
      when the hydroperoxide reacts.

PMID- 3356705
TI  - Purification and characterization of a membrane-associated phospholipase A2 from
      rat spleen. Its comparison with a cytosolic phospholipase A2 S-1.
AB  - A membrane-associated phospholipase A2 was purified from rat spleen. The
      phospholipase A2 was solubilized from the 108,000 x g pellet fraction with 0.3%
      lithium dodecyl sulfate and then purified to homogeneity by successive DEAE
      Cellulofine AM, octyl-Sepharose, Cellulofine GCL 300-m, S-Sepharose, and Bio-Gel
      P-30 chromatographies in the presence of 0.5% 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate. The apparent Mr of the
      enzyme, estimated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      was about 13,600. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum in the range of pH 8.0-9.5
      and required the presence of Ca2+ (4 mM) for its maximal activity. The enzyme
      preferentially hydrolyzed the 2-acyl ester bonds of phosphatidylglycerol in the
      presence and absence of sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate. Unlike the
      phospholipase A2 of rat spleen supernatant, no immunocross-reactivity was
      observed between the purified enzyme and anti-rat pancreatic phospholipase A2
      antibody. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined and
      found to be homologous to that of viperid and crotalid venom phospholipases A2.
      The results in this and the preceding report (Tojo, H., Ono, T., Kuramitsu, S.,
      Kagamiyama, H., and Okamoto, M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 5724-5731) demonstrate
      that rat spleen contains two genetically distinct phospholipase A2 isoenzymes.

PMID- 3356706
TI  - Role of the 3'-poly(A) sequence in translational regulation of mRNAs in Xenopus
      laevis oocytes.
AB  - We investigated the effect of 3'-noncoding and poly(A) sequences on the
      translation and stability of membrane-bound mRNA (maize zein) and free mRNA
      (Xenopus beta-globin) by injecting SP6 transcripts into stage 6 Xenopus oocytes.
      With zein mRNA, the presence or absence of a 3'-noncoding or poly(A) sequence had
      little effect on mRNA stability over 24 h, and the 3'-noncoding sequence played
      essentially no role in mRNA translation. With short periods of incubation, e.g. 1
      2 h, the presence or absence of a poly(A) tail also had little effect on zein
      mRNA translation; but after longer periods, translation of the poly(A-) mRNA was
      significantly reduced. A similar pattern of mRNA translation was observed for
      poly(A+) and poly(A-) Xenopus beta-globin mRNAs. These differences in
      translational efficiency correlated with the formation of maximally loaded
      polysomes (seven-eight ribosomes/mRNA) for the poly(A+) zein mRNA and a failure
      to form large polysomes with the poly(A-) zein mRNA. These results are consistent
      with a model in which the 3'-poly(A) sequence of mRNAs facilitates reinitiation
      of ribosomes during protein synthesis.

PMID- 3356707
TI  - Kinetic and immunochemical studies of a receptor-like protein that binds aromatic
      hydrocarbons.
AB  - A 29-kDa cytosolic protein that binds polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PBP) with
      high affinity, specificity and saturability was identified in and was purified
      from C57BL/6J mouse liver (Collins, S., and Marletta, M. A. (1986) Biochemistry
      25, 4322-4329). Kinetic studies showed that benzo[a]pyrene had a koff = 0.28 +/-
      0.06 min-1 and a kon = 7.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) M-1 min-1. The Kd calculated from
      these rates is 4.0 +/- 0.9 nM which agrees with equilibrium measurements. This
      provides support for the description of this ligand-protein interaction as simple
      mass action binding of one ligand per protein molecule. Polyclonal antiserum with
      a high titer of antibodies specific for this protein was prepared. Western blot
      analyses from mouse tissues showed highest levels in liver, heart, kidney, and
      lung with lower levels in intestine, spleen, thymus, testes, and brain. Serum was
      negative. Liver cytosols from 7-week-old males of eight strains of mice
      (C57Bl/6J, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, A/J, CD1/Cr, DBA/2J, AKR/J, and SWR/J) had similar
      concentrations of the PBP. The PBP was also present in liver cytosol from 7-week
      old female and 42-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice. High affinity specific binding for
      benzo[a]pyrene was also found in rat, rabbit, guinea pig, scup, and chicken liver
      cytosols. This binding had low nM equilibrium binding constants and was not
      competed by tetrachlorodibenzofuran distinguishing these sites from the Ah
      receptor. These studies show that the PBP or similar receptor-like proteins are
      widespread among mouse tissues and strains and evolutionarily diverse animal
      species.

PMID- 3356708
TI  - Purification of a skeletal muscle polypeptide which stimulates choline
      acetyltransferase activity in cultured spinal cord neurons.
AB  - Extracts of rat skeletal muscle contain neurotrophic factors which stimulate the
      development of choline acetyltransferase in embryonic day 14 rat spinal cord
      cultures. The trophic activity does not bind heparin-Sepharose or lectin affinity
      columns. However, mild acid treatment separates the trophic activity into soluble
      and insoluble fractions. The acid-insoluble activity has been purified 5000-fold
      to apparent homogeneity using preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoresis to achieve final purification. The purified factor migrates as a
      single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      isoelectric focusing, with an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa and a pI of 4.8.
      The activity and apparent molecular weight of the purified factor are unaltered
      by treatment with reducing agents or incubation in acidic conditions. Activity,
      however, is destroyed by heating or protease treatment. Thus, the factor appears
      to be a single polypeptide without significant levels of glycosylation or charge
      microheterogeneity. These results represent the first purification of a
      neurotrophic factor from skeletal muscle. The physical properties and amino acid
      composition of this factor differ from those of nerve growth factor and heparin
      binding growth factors, as well as from the neurotrophic factor from heart cell
      conditioned medium which induces cholinergic development in sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3356709
TI  - Human profilin. Molecular cloning, sequence comparison, and chromosomal analysis.
AB  - Profilin is an ubiquitous 12-15-kDa actin monomer-binding protein, the amino acid
      sequence of which was previously reported for the cow and Acanthamoeba. In the
      latter species, two isoforms of profilin have been identified. We have isolated
      full-length profilin cDNA clones from a human HepG2 library. All clones have the
      same nucleotide sequence, and Northern blot and RNase protection analyses of
      human tissues indicate that all tissues have the same approximately 850 base
      message, and provide no evidence of alternative message splicing. This result
      strongly implies a single profilin isoform in human cells, although differential
      post-translational modifications have not been excluded. Northern blot analysis
      extends the tissue distribution of profilin to include epithelial, muscle, and
      renal tissues. Comparison of the predicted human profilin amino acid sequence
      with that of published bovine profilin indicates 90% identity with a single 3
      residue deletion in the human sequence. Southern blot analysis of somatic cell
      hybrid DNA indicates at least four dispersed genetic loci in the human genome
      hybridize with the profilin cDNA as well as untranslated region fragments,
      suggesting several of these loci represent pseudogenes of recent evolutionary
      origin. In addition, 5' and 3' untranslated regions are conserved between humans
      and rodents, implying a functional role for these regions of the profilin gene.

PMID- 3356711
TI  - Characterization of two crystal forms of human defensin neutrophil cationic
      peptide 1, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide of leukocytes.
AB  - Two orthorhombic crystal forms (P2(1)2(1)2, a = 30.5 A, b = 44.5 A, c = 40.5 A;
      I2(1)2(1)2(1) (or I222), a = 30.1 A, b = 66.5 A, c = 35.5 A) of human neutrophil
      cationic peptide 1 have been characterized. The P2(1)2(1)2 form contains two
      peptides (Mr = 3425) per asymmetric unit; the I2(1)2(1)2(1) form contains one
      peptide per asymmetric unit. Both crystal forms diffract to beyond 1.8 A
      resolution.

PMID- 3356710
TI  - Degradation of endocytosed dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in human fibroblasts.
AB  - Endocytosis and subsequent degradation of iduronic acid-rich small dermatan
      sulfate proteoglycan from fibroblast secretions were studied in human
      fibroblasts. Upon endocytosis of [3H]leucine- and [35S]sulfate-labeled
      proteoglycan release of free leucine was 10 to 15 times more rapid than that of
      inorganic sulfate. Within approximately 3 h a steady state was approached between
      transport of proteoglycan to the compartment of core protein degradation and
      release of free leucine. No such steady state could be found with respect to the
      dermatan sulfate chains. In the presence of benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala
      diazomethylketone or of other SH-protease inhibitors the degradation of the
      protein moiety of endocytosed proteoglycan was much less inhibited than the
      degradation of the polysaccharide chain. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Phe-Ala
      diazomethylketone did not affect the degradation of dermatan sulfate chains taken
      up by fluid phase endocytosis and the activities of all known dermatan sulfate
      degrading enzymes. Percoll gradient centrifugation indicated that also in the
      presence of the protease inhibitor the partially degraded proteoglycan
      accumulated in dense lysosomes. The isolation of intracellular dermatan sulfate
      peptides and molecular size determinations of endocytosed dermatan sulfate
      proteoglycan supported the conclusion that a critical proteolytic step is
      required before the dermatan sulfate chain becomes accessible to hydrolytic
      enzymes.

PMID- 3356712
TI  - Quantitative analysis of early in vivo tissue response to synthetic apatite
      implants.
AB  - Studies have shown synthetic calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite and beta
      tricalcium phosphate to be biocompatible in vivo. However, few studies have
      quantitated histological responses to the implants. The aim of this study was to
      develop a method for the quantitative assessment of tissue biocompatibility to
      ceramic materials in vivo and to use this method to compare noncarbonated and
      carbonated apatite implants. Synthetic sintered apatites of 0, 3, and 6%
      carbonate by weight were prepared and cut into implants 4 X 4 X 1 mm. These were
      placed 2 mm into the medial aspect of rat femurs. Following sacrifice at 4 weeks,
      the femurs were fixed in formalin, demineralized in formic acid, and embedded in
      glycol methacrylate. Sections were cut on an ultramicrotome set at 1.5 micron and
      stained with toluidine blue. A point counting technique using standard
      stereological grids and a low-power microscope was used to measure areas of new
      bone formation. The width of the connective tissue zone adjacent to muscle was
      measured using an image analyzer. All implants were well accepted by the host
      tissues judging from criteria of minimal inflammation and degree of fixation.
      Results showed an increase in new bone formed in the marrow cavity with
      increasing carbonate content. This may improve stability of the implant in the
      host bone, particularly during the initial healing period. A technique which
      should enable quantitative histological evaluation of different ceramic materials
      has been developed. The use of this method indicates that further studies are
      warranted to investigate carbonated apatite as an implant material.

PMID- 3356713
TI  - An in vitro evaluation of the hemostatic activity of topical agents.
AB  - An in vitro method has been developed for human non-anticoagulated blood to
      evaluate the enhancing effect of hemostatic agents on both plasmatic and cellular
      activation of the coagulation cascade. The coagulation time and the sequential
      generation of fibrinopeptide A (FpA) have been used as parameters. The kinetics
      of generation of FpA has been modelized and mathematically analyzed using the
      latence time, the slope of the linear part of the curve, and the time necessary
      to reach half maximal amplitude of FpA in the tube. A maximal amplitude of FpA in
      the tube. A very precise evaluation of the hemostatic activity of five different
      molecules, four being collagenous in nature, is given.

PMID- 3356714
TI  - The cemented kinematic-II and the non-cemented porous-coated anatomic prostheses
      for total knee replacement. A prospective evaluation.
AB  - One hundred and sixty consecutive total knee arthroplasties were performed in 143
      patients: 110 procedures, with a cemented kinematic-II prosthesis and fifty
      procedures, with a non-cemented porous-coated anatomic prosthesis. Each patient
      was evaluated before the operation and six weeks and three, six, twelve, and
      twenty-four months postoperatively. At a minimum twenty-four-month follow-up, the
      average Hospital for Special Surgery knee-rating score for the patients who had a
      cemented kinematic-II prosthesis was 9 points higher than the average score for
      the patients who had a non-cemented anatomic implant (88 points and 79 points).
      At the same follow-up period, the maximum flexion of the knees that had a
      cemented kinematic-II prosthesis was greater than that of the knees that had a
      non-cemented anatomic prosthesis (106 degrees and 97 degrees). In addition, the
      rate of reoperation for the patients who had a cemented kinematic-II replacement
      was 4 per cent, compared with 12 per cent for the patients who had a non-cemented
      anatomic prosthesis. On the basis of this prospective, non-randomized clinical
      review of unselected patients, we concluded that the results with the cemented
      kinematic-II prosthesis were superior to those with the non-cemented anatomic
      prosthesis at a minimum twenty-four month follow-up; however, these superior
      results may be related to the use of cement or to differences in the designs of
      the prostheses, the ages of the patients, or the postoperative management of the
      two groups of patients.

PMID- 3356715
TI  - A comparison of primary and revision total knee arthroplasty using the kinematic
      stabilizer prosthesis.
AB  - The first 121 arthroplasties (in 105 patients) in which the cemented kinematic
      stabilizer total knee prosthesis was used for primary arthroplasty or surgical
      revision at the Mayo Clinic were reviewed. Sixty-six patients (seventy-nine
      arthroplasties) were followed for a mean of thirty-seven months. There were fifty
      three revision and twenty-six primary arthroplasties. The average range of motion
      in both groups increased from 95 to 101 degrees. Although none of these patients
      could ascend stairs without support before the operation, thirty-two (51 per
      cent) could do so at the time of the final follow-up. The incidence of moderate
      or severe pain was reduced from 86 to 6 per cent. Moderate or severe ligamentous
      instability had been present in thirty-three knees (42 per cent) preoperatively,
      but only five knees had significant medial, lateral, anterior, or posterior
      instability at final follow-up. The Hospital for Special Surgery knee score
      increased from an average of 56 points to 83 points in all of the knees. At
      follow-up, the patients who had had primary arthroplasty had 92 per cent good or
      excellent results and the patients who had had surgical revision had 81 per cent
      good or excellent results (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference
      in the results between the patients who had osteoarthritis and those who had
      rheumatoid arthritis. Over-all, 85 per cent of the results were good or excellent
      at final follow-up. Tibial radiolucent lines of one to two millimeters were
      observed in 29 per cent of the knees at follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3356716
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the hip in the sickle-cell diseases. Treatment and
      complications.
AB  - The results of arthroplasty of the hip and other surgical procedures that were
      performed in nine patients who had sickle-cell disease or sickle-cell trait and
      osteonecrosis of the femoral head were not very satisfactory. After an average
      duration of follow-up of 6.5 years (range, two to 25.7 years), the complications
      were many and severe. Of eight arthroplasties that were done for replacement of a
      joint, five required early revision or excision: two, because of mechanical
      loosening; two, because of sepsis; and one, due to a fracture of the prosthetic
      stem. There was excessive perioperative blood loss, prolonged hospitalization,
      and medical or surgical complications in all patients, including the three who
      had sickle-cell trait and only slight manifestations of systemic disease. A
      survivorship analysis of this series indicated that a failure rate of 50 per cent
      could be expected by 5.4 years postoperatively.

PMID- 3356717
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in paraplegic patients.
AB  - Thirty-eight (49 per cent) of seventy-seven paraplegic patients whose level of
      injury was at or caudad to the second thoracic vertebra were found to have signs
      and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome
      was found to increase with the length of time after the injury. In the eighteen
      patients in whom manometric studies were done, the carpal tunnel pressures when
      the wrist was in the neutral position were higher than those that have been
      reported in non-paraplegic patients who did not have carpal tunnel syndrome but
      were lower than the values in non-paraplegic patients who did have the syndrome.
      When the wrist was in flexion, the pressures were similar to the values that have
      been reported for non-paraplegic patients. However, in the paraplegic patients,
      regardless of whether or not they had carpal tunnel syndrome, the pressures that
      developed when the wrist was in extension were significantly higher than those in
      non-paraplegic patients, regardless of whether or not they had carpal tunnel
      syndrome. Most of the activities of daily living of paraplegic patients,
      including the maneuver to relieve ischial pressure that consists of arising from
      the seated position using the extended arms, are performed with the wrists locked
      in maximum extension. The pressure that develops in the carpal canal during this
      forced extension of the wrist, probably combined with the repetitive trauma to
      the volar aspect of the extended wrist while propelling a wheelchair, contributes
      to the high frequency with which carpal tunnel syndrome is found in paraplegic
      patients.

PMID- 3356718
TI  - Growth and predictions of growth in the upper extremity.
AB  - Teleroentgenograms of the upper extremity in 244 children (123 boys and 121
      girls) were made at six-month intervals from the age of seven to the time of
      skeletal maturity. Lengths were measured to determine the growth remaining at
      both growth plates of the humerus, radius, and ulna. The subjects were healthy,
      well nourished, middle-class Americans, mostly of northwest European descent.
      After the age of seven, the proportion between the upper and lower arms does not
      change appreciably. The humerus is 18 per cent of standing height in girls at the
      age of seven and 19 per cent at the age of fifteen. In boys, the humerus is 18
      per cent of standing height at the age of seven and 20 per cent at the age of
      seventeen. The length of the radius is 13 per cent of standing height in girls at
      the age of seven, increasing to 14 per cent by skeletal maturity. In boys, the
      length of the radius increases from 14 per cent of standing height at the age of
      seven to 15 per cent at skeletal maturity. From the age of seven to skeletal
      maturity, the humerus grows approximately 1.2 centimeters in girls and 1.3
      centimeters in boys each year. In girls, the ulna grows approximately 1.0
      centimeter and the radius, 0.9 centimeter each year after the age of seven. In
      boys, the ulna grows approximately 1.1 centimeters and the radius, approximately
      1.0 centimeter each year from the age of seven to skeletal maturity. Based on
      these data, accurate predictions of growth and of growth discrepancy in the upper
      extremity can be made, and the time at which to perform equalization procedures
      can be determined more precisely.

PMID- 3356719
TI  - The latissimus dorsi flap for reconstruction of the brachium and shoulder.
AB  - The latissimus dorsi was transferred on its neurovascular pedicle to reconstruct
      the shoulder or brachium in nineteen patients. Group I consisted of seven
      patients in whom transfer of the latissimus dorsi was used only to obtain active
      flexion of the elbow. Although there was complete necrosis of the transferred
      muscle in one patient, six patients achieved an average of 111 degrees of active
      flexion and full extension of the elbow. There was only a modest gain in active
      supination because of pre-existing pronation contractures. The three patients in
      Group II had sustained loss of the flexor muscles of the elbow and the overlying
      soft tissue as a result of trauma. After the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous
      flexorplasty, an average of 135 degrees of active flexion of the elbow was
      restored, but there was an average loss of 12 degrees of extension. The three
      patients in Group III had a large, noninfected defect of the soft tissue over the
      shoulder or brachium; the bone, shoulder joint, or neurovascular structures were
      exposed in each patient. Transfer of the latissimus dorsi with the overlying skin
      provided satisfactory coverage of the defect. The six patients in Group IV had
      chronic osteomyelitis or septic arthritis of the glenohumeral joint. Treatment
      consisted of radical debridement of the infected soft tissue and bone followed by
      transfer of the latissimus dorsi. This provided satisfactory coverage for
      subsequent osteosynthesis of the humerus or arthrodesis of the shoulder when one
      of these procedures was indicated. At the time of writing, an average of 2.3
      years after the latissimus dorsi transfer, none of the patients in this group
      (including one who died nine months post-operatively of unrelated causes) had
      drainage.

PMID- 3356720
TI  - Prevention of infection after total joint replacement. Experiments with a canine
      model.
AB  - An experiment was done in dogs to evaluate how efficient each of several
      techniques was in preventing infection after a total joint arthroplasty. The
      techniques that were studied were intraoperative irrigation with saline solution
      or with antimicrobial solution, perioperative systemic administration of
      antibiotics, and the addition of an antibiotic to bone cement. Irrigation with
      saline solution did not reduce the incidence of infection. A slight reduction was
      found after irrigation with neomycin solution and after systemic administration
      of cefazolin solution. The use of bone cement containing gentamicin caused a
      statistically significant reduction in the rate of infection; in fact, no
      infection developed in any animal that was treated with bone cement containing
      gentamicin. There was excellent but not absolute correlation between findings on
      culture that indicated the presence of infection and histological evidence of
      inflammation.

PMID- 3356722
TI  - Technical considerations of total knee arthroplasty after proximal tibial
      osteotomy.
AB  - Forty-five total knee replacements in forty-one patients who had continued to
      have progressive osteoarthritis after a proximal tibial osteotomy were evaluated
      prospectively. There were 51 per cent excellent, 29 per cent good, 4 per cent
      fair, and 16 per cent poor results after a minimum follow-up of two years. The
      resection of tibial bone that was produced by the osteotomy could not be related
      causally to the fair or poor clinical results that were found after arthroplasty.
      Radiographic study, however, showed that 80 per cent of the knees had patella
      infera before the arthroplasty, which may contribute to altered biomechanics of
      the patellofemoral joint of the arthroplasty. The procedure for total knee
      replacement is made more difficult by the previous osteotomy, and a custom-made
      prosthesis may be required. The clinical results that were obtained in this
      series are similar to those for the revision total knee arthroplasties that have
      been done at this institution, but they were not as satisfactory as those that
      were obtained after primary total knee replacement. Our results should be
      considered when a surgeon compares the advantages and disadvantages of proximal
      tibial osteotomy with those of total knee arthroplasty for an older patient who
      has unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee.

PMID- 3356721
TI  - Effects of estrogen deficiency on the growth of tissue into porous titanium
      implants.
AB  - The effect of systemic deficiency of estrogen on the growth of tissue into porous
      titanium-fiber implants was studied in ovariectomized Beagle dogs. Five dogs were
      ovariectomized and five dogs had a sham operation. After waiting four months to
      allow the levels of circulating estrogen to decline, a titanium-alloy implant
      that contained four surface pads of titanium-alloy mesh was implanted in the
      proximal part of the humerus of each dog bilaterally. Two months later, the
      implants were harvested and subjected to a mechanical push-out test and
      quantitative histological study. The push-out strength of the implants from the
      ovariectomized dogs was 31 per cent less than in the control animals. Ovariectomy
      caused no difference in the amount of ingrowth of bone but resulted in a
      significant increase in the amount of fibrous connective tissue within the porous
      pads. The presence of this fibrous tissue appeared to have an important effect on
      bone-implant fixation: in the control dogs, strength correlated positively with
      ingrowth of bone and negatively with ingrowth of fibrous tissue, whereas in the
      ovariectomized dogs, strength correlated positively with ingrowth of fibrous
      tissue and not at all with ingrowth of bone.

PMID- 3356723
TI  - Prosthetic replacement of the femoral head for fracture of the femoral neck in
      patients who have Parkinson disease.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed of forty-nine patients (fifty fractures of
      the femoral neck) who had Parkinson disease and who had had an endoprosthetic
      replacement of the femoral head. The average age of the patients was seventy-four
      years (range, forty-seven to ninety-two years). All of the fractures were Garden
      Stage III or IV. An anterolateral surgical approach was used in twenty-five hips;
      a posterior approach, in twenty hips; and a transtrochanteric approach, in five
      hips. An adductor tenotomy was required in five patients to release an adduction
      contracture. Ten patients died by the sixth postoperative month. The remaining
      thirty-nine patients were followed for a minimum of two years (average, 7.3
      years). Common postoperative complications were infection of the urinary tract
      (20 per cent) and pneumonia (10 per cent). There was only one dislocation. At the
      time of writing, nineteen (80 per cent) of the surviving patients could walk.

PMID- 3356724
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic flatback after spinal fusion.
AB  - Fifty-five patients who had loss of lumbar lordosis after spinal fusion and
      subsequently had corrective osteotomies were studied. When they were first seen,
      fifty-two patients (95 per cent) were unable to stand erect and forty-nine (89
      per cent) had back pain. The previous use of distraction instrumentation with a
      hook placed at the level of the lower lumbar spine or the sacrum was the factor
      that was most frequently identified as leading to the development of the flatback
      syndrome. Sixty-six extension osteotomies were performed in these fifty-five
      patients. Nineteen patients (35 per cent) had an associated anterior spinal
      fusion. Thirty-three patients (60 per cent) had one or more complications,
      including pseudarthrosis, a dural tear, failure of hardware, neurapraxia, and
      urinary tract infection. The results of the operation were evaluated at follow-up
      by review of clinical records, radiographs, and questionnaires. At an average
      follow-up of six years (range, two to fourteen years), most patients felt that
      they had benefited from the corrective osteotomies. However, twenty-six patients
      (47 per cent) continued to lean forward and twenty patients (36 per cent)
      continued to have moderate or severe back pain. The failure to restore sagittal
      plane balance led to a higher rate of pseudarthrosis, which was associated with
      recurrent deformity. Anterior spinal fusion combined with posterior osteotomy
      resulted in greater maintenance of correction. The prevention of flatback
      syndrome is important, since its treatment is difficult. When a spinal fusion
      must be extended to the level of the lower lumbar spine or the sacrum, the use of
      distraction instrumentation should be avoided in order to prevent this deformity.

PMID- 3356725
TI  - Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle for chronic lateral
      instability.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-six patients (180 ankles) who had chronic lateral
      instability of the ankle were treated with transection and imbrication of the
      anterior talofibular ligament. Sixty-eight of the ankles had reconstruction of
      the calcaneofibular ligament as well. Of the 176 patients, 148 (152 ankles) were
      available for follow-up, which ranged from two to twelve years (mean, six years).
      An excellent or good result was achieved in 132 ankles, all of which had improved
      mechanical stability as measured radiographically. Sixteen of the twenty ankles
      that had an unsatisfactory result were in patients who had generalized
      hypermobility of the joints or long-standing local ligamentous insufficiency, or
      both, or who had had a previous operation. Reconstruction of both ligaments gave
      a better functional result than when only the anterior talofibular ligament was
      reconstructed.

PMID- 3356726
TI  - Fracture of the posterior margin of a lumbar vertebral body.
AB  - Using computed tomography, we studied twenty-nine patients who had thirty-one
      fractures of the posterior margin of a vertebra in the lumbar spine. Based on our
      findings, these fractures were classified morphologically into three types: a
      simple separation of the entire margin; an avulsion fracture of some of the
      substance of the vertebral body, including the margin; and a more localized
      fracture. In this series, twenty-two of the thirty-one fractures were associated
      with a defect involving the affected end-plate. This fact suggests that the
      pathogenesis of these fractures may be the fragility of the end-plate.

PMID- 3356727
TI  - Durability of regenerated articular cartilage produced by free autogenous
      periosteal grafts in major full-thickness defects in joint surfaces under the
      influence of continuous passive motion. A follow-up report at one year.
AB  - An autogenous graft of tibial periosteum was sutured (with its cambium layer
      facing into the joint) to the base of a five by ten-millimeter full-thickness
      defect in the patellar groove of each of forty-five adolescent rabbits. The
      rabbits were randomly treated postoperatively by either four weeks of
      immobilization in a cast, intermittent active motion in a cage, or two weeks of
      continuous passive motion. One year postoperatively, the regenerated tissue from
      each rabbit was analyzed macroscopically, histologically, histochemically, and
      biochemically. Gross degenerative changes were seen in 57 per cent of the rabbits
      that had been immobilized in a cast, in 73 per cent of the rabbits that had been
      allowed intermittent active motion, and in 22 per cent of the rabbits that had
      been subjected to continuous passive motion (p less than 0.05). Out of a possible
      score of 7.0 points for the nature of the regenerated tissue, the scores for the
      three groups were: immobilization in a cast, 4.1 points; intermittent active
      motion, 4.0 points; and continuous passive motion, 5.9 points (p greater than
      0.05). Out of a possible perfect combined score of 10.0 points for the structural
      characteristics of the regenerated tissue, the cast-immobilization group scored
      3.8 points; the intermittent active-motion group, 2.5 points; and the continuous
      passive-motion group, 6.4 points (p less than 0.001). The total scores for
      freedom from cellular changes of degeneration, a perfect score being 5.0 points,
      were: immobilization in a cast, 2.4 points; intermittent active motion, 2.3
      points; and continuous passive motion, 3.9 points (p less than 0.01).
      Degenerative changes in the adjacent cartilage, which were noted in 42 and 46 per
      cent of the knees in the immobilization and intermittent active-motion groups,
      respectively, were not found in the knees that had been subjected to continuous
      passive motion (p less than 0.05). The total indices, which were derived by
      combining the scores for all categories (maximum, 24.0 points), revealed that the
      index for the continuous passive-motion group was significantly better than the
      index for either of the other two groups: immobilization in a cast, 12.9 points;
      intermittent active motion, 11.2 points; and continuous passive motion, 19.2
      points (p less than 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3356728
TI  - Diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Treatment with prefabricated braces.
AB  - Using a prefabricated brace, we treated 233 patients who had a fracture of the
      humeral shaft. One hundred and seventy patients were available for follow-up,
      which ranged from five weeks to forty-eight months. In these patients (forty
      three open and 127 closed fractures), the average time to union was 10.6 weeks;
      the average varus-valgus angulation, 5 degrees; the average anterior-posterior
      angulation, 3 degrees; and the average shortening, as measured radiographically,
      four millimeters. All but three of the patients had an excellent or a good
      functional result with a nearly full range of motion of the extremity. There were
      a minimum of complications, including three non-unions. Because of the low
      morbidity and high rate of success, we concluded that the treatment of choice for
      diaphyseal fractures of the humerus is the prefabricated brace.

PMID- 3356729
TI  - Acute tear of the rotator cuff masked by simultaneous palsy of the brachial
      plexus. A case report.

PMID- 3356731
TI  - Conservatively treated tears of the anterior ligament.

PMID- 3356730
TI  - Fabellar impingement: a cause of pain after total knee replacement. A case
      report.

PMID- 3356732
TI  - Mycobacterium marinum infections of the hand and wrist. Results of conservative
      treatment in twenty-four cases.

PMID- 3356733
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using the bone-block iliotibial
      tract transfer.

PMID- 3356734
TI  - Operative versus non-operative treatment of recent injuries to the ligaments of
      the knee.

PMID- 3356735
TI  - Strategies to improve burn center utilization.
AB  - Burn units/centers are under increasing pressure to improve resource utilization
      because of decreasing financial support for hospitals in general and low
      reimbursement for burn patients specifically. After review of occupancy and
      admission profiles, three strategies were implemented at the North Carolina
      Jaycee Burn Center to improve utilization: (1) an outreach program to attract
      additional burn patient referrals; (2) admission of routine plastic surgery
      patients to the burn center acute beds; and (3) admission of off-service ICU
      patients to critical care beds, depending upon availability. These strategies,
      especially admission of off-service ICU patients, led to an increased patient
      census despite an unchanged number of burn admissions and a decrease in the
      number of burn patient days because of earlier discharge. Policies for control of
      nonburn patients were essential, as were programs to educate nurses in management
      of other critically ill patients. These measures resulted in increased
      utilization and commitment of additional personnel to the burn center.

PMID- 3356736
TI  - The Everett Idris Evans memorial lecture--1987: twenty-five years' experience
      treating burns.
AB  - For this presentation, the author selected a few highlights and summarized some
      of his main interests drawn from 25 years' experience as a surgeon in the
      Department of Plastic Surgery at Hokkaido University. The four major topics
      addressed are (1) kinetics and the effect of antibacterial agents and other drugs
      on the burn wound; (2) study of inhalation injuries and anticoagulant therapy in
      severe burns; (3) wound healing and the effects of artificial skin substitutes;
      and (4) reconstructive surgery in burned patients.

PMID- 3356737
TI  - Alterations in plasma copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin levels in patients with
      thermal trauma.
AB  - This review was undertaken to elucidate the trends in copper, zinc, total serum
      protein, and ceruloplasmin levels in patients with thermal trauma. Medical
      records of pediatric and adult patients were retrospectively reviewed. The
      findings showed a significant linear decline in mean plasma copper,
      ceruloplasmin, and total serum protein during the first three days postburn,
      followed in general by a gradual rise in levels; however, patients with burns
      larger than 60% TBSA maintained copper, zinc, and ceruloplasmin levels
      significantly below the lower limits of normal during the observation period.
      Significant decrements in copper, zinc, total serum protein, and ceruloplasmin
      levels have been demonstrated in these patients. Trace metal determinations
      should be obtained in patients with significant burns soon after admission and
      routinely throughout their hospital course. Specific trace metal supplementation
      should be administered when indicated.

PMID- 3356738
TI  - Dimethylsulfoxide with heparin in the treatment of smoke inhalation injury.
AB  - Recent studies suggest that lung lesions occurring in inhalation injury result
      from actions of oxygen-free radicals released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      marginating in the pulmonary microcirculation and tracheobronchial region.
      Peroxide and hydroxyl ions have been implicated as mediators in the increased
      microvascular permeability and pulmonary edema noted after inhalation injury. In
      this study we evaluated the use of an O2-free radical scavenger,
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and heparin in the treatment of smoke inhalation. Ewes
      (N = 26) that had been surgically prepared five days earlier were insufflated
      with smoke from burning cotton. There were four groups: controls (n = 7), DMSO (n
      = 6), heparin (n = 6), and DMSO plus heparin (n = 7). All animals were given
      ventilatory support to maintain their PO2 above 60 mmHg and their PCO2 below 45
      mmHg. There was a significant difference in survival rates between groups. By 72
      hours all seven of the control group were dead. All animals in the DMSO plus
      heparin group survived, four of the DMSO group died, and two of the heparin group
      died. Lung lymph flow was not as high in the DMSO plus heparin group as in the
      heparin-only group. DMSO was proved effective in reducing the lung injury
      associated with smoke inhalation.

PMID- 3356739
TI  - The effects of aging on the cardiac contractile response to unresuscitated
      thermal injury.
AB  - Isolated coronary perfused guinea pig hearts were used to determine if aging
      alters left ventricular (LV) intrinsic contractile response to unresuscitated
      burn shock. We first compared control hearts from both young (N = 10) and aged (N
      = 10) guinea pigs. Compared with young control hearts, aged control hearts showed
      significantly lower left ventricular performance (LVP) (84.2 +/- 1.6 v 76.0 +/-
      1.5; P less than 0.003), +dP/dtmax (1417.5 +/- 52.4 v 1048 +/- 48.7; P less than
      0.001), and -dP/dtmax (1079 +/- 79 v 916 +/- 27; P less than 0.001) at a left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of 10 mmHg. A 43% +/- 2% third-degree
      burn (Walker model) was studied in 20 young and 10 aged guinea pigs. The aged
      burn hearts showed significantly lower LVP (57.1 +/- 2.1 v 65.5 +/- 2.0; P less
      than 0.01) and +dP/dtmax (1026 +/- 66.4 v 1219 +/- 59.9; P less than 0.001) at an
      LVEDP of 10 mm Hg. In addition, LV function curves for the aged burn hearts were
      shifted downward and to the right of curves obtained from the young burn hearts
      (P less than 0.05). Contractile defects in the aged group were neither related to
      altered beating frequency nor to maximally effective increases in diastolic
      stretch. While increased extracellular calcium concentration (from 1 to 8
      millimolar [mM]) increased LVP, +dP/dtmax, and -dP/dtmax in a dose-dependent
      manner in both young and aged burn hearts, absolute values of measured
      contractile performance were consistently less in the aged hearts compared with
      the young hearts at identical calcium concentrations. Finally, we examined the
      effects of thermal injury on contractile function within the aged group. Peak LVP
      and maximal rate of relaxation were uniformly decreased in all burn hearts
      compared with control aged hearts. The +dP/dtmax was not significantly altered by
      burn in this age group (burn: 1026 +/- 66; control: 1048 +/- 49). This study
      suggests that severe myocardial contractile changes resulting from a major
      thermal insult in subjects with already compromised hearts is likely a
      significant limiting factor in the response to burn shock.

PMID- 3356740
TI  - Managing the difficult airway in patients with burns of the head and neck.
AB  - A five-phase defined protocol for airway security was developed and administered
      to a consecutive, selected series of surgical patients with burns to the head and
      neck that limited their mouth opening or neck mobility. The protocol uses
      fiberoptic light and scope systems to allow the anesthesia team to visually place
      the endotracheal tube properly before anesthesia is induced. The technique
      provides safe, efficient airway management for patients with burns to the head
      and neck and significantly diminishes patient risks.

PMID- 3356741
TI  - Biobrane is welcomed in China: reports on clinical applications.

PMID- 3356742
TI  - The value of culturing central-line catheter tips in burn patients.
AB  - Fifty burn patients who had central venous cannulations performed were randomly
      assigned to one of two groups. In group 1, the skin around the catheter insertion
      site was cleaned with 70% isopropyl alcohol prior to catheter removal. In group
      2, the skin around the catheter insertion site was not cleaned prior to catheter
      removal. Twenty (40%) of the patients had negative cultures. The remaining 30
      patients had positive cultures, 11 (37%) of which were positive for both skin and
      catheter tip specimens. All 11 of these cultures matched for the same organism.
      Six (55%) were from group 1 and five (45%) from group 2. Of the 14 patients with
      cultures positive for the catheter tips but not the skin, eight (57%) did not
      have the skin cleaned prior to catheter removal. Five skin cultures were
      positive, with no organism growth on the corresponding catheter tip; four (80%)
      of these were from group 2. Data from blood and intravenous (IV) catheter tip
      cultures performed from November 1982 through December 1985 demonstrated that of
      the 441 blood cultures obtained, 91 (21%) were positive. Twenty-seven (6%) were
      positive blood and IV catheter tip cultures; only ten (37%) of these matched for
      the same organism, accounting for only 2% of the total number of cultures
      obtained.

PMID- 3356743
TI  - A one-hour burn prevention program for grade school children: its approach and
      success.
AB  - A brief, one-hour program aimed at grade school children combines human
      moderators, a robot, and cartoons to deliver the burn prevention message. Program
      efficacy was demonstrated by a pretest and posttest. Performance on the posttest
      improved with the age of the child.

PMID- 3356744
TI  - Risk management in children with burn injuries.
AB  - The currently accepted "high risk/no risk" concept of assessing pediatric
      injuries inadequately describes the range of situations in which children are
      burned and the spectrum of appropriate interventions. All children are at risk
      for injury; the question is not when but how best to intervene. A retrospective
      chart analysis of 101 pediatric admissions in 1985 demonstrated that childhood
      burns and follow-up requirements varied, depending on circumstances of injury,
      presence and behavior of caregivers, and the ability of parents or caregivers to
      assume responsibility for the child's supervision, safety, and health needs. We
      must view childrens' risk for injury as dependent upon the supervisory capacity
      of their parents, and continue to identify and develop specific interventions
      appropriate to each level of understanding and responsibility. Adequate
      documentation of the circumstances of injury and parent behavior are the key
      factors in determining level of risk and appropriate management.

PMID- 3356745
TI  - Multidisciplinary approach to working with burn victims of child abuse.
AB  - Successful outcomes in abuse cases are dependent upon close coordination of
      professional hospital staff with referring agencies including child protective
      services and the legal and judicial systems. A four-year retrospective study of
      369 pediatric burn patients admitted to our Burn/Trauma Center was completed to:
      (1) assess demographic factors of patients and families that differentiate cases
      of child abuse from cases of children burned as a result of accidental injury,
      and (2) determine the impact of a multidisciplinary team approach to working with
      abused children and their families during the course of hospitalization. When
      medical evaluation reveals the possibility of child abuse, a social work
      assessment, including a developmental history of the child and psychosocial
      assessment of the family, is crucial. In addition, physicians must be well versed
      in the gathering of evidence for potential utilization by the legal system. This
      includes the obtainment of photographs and detailed documentation of the burn
      injury. A plan of evaluation and the effective coordination of services during
      hospitalization and following discharge have proven essential to meeting the best
      interests of the child.

PMID- 3356746
TI  - Preexisting psychiatric disorders in burn patients.
AB  - The authors studied 51 of 56 consecutive eligible patients admitted to a burn
      unit. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had a preburn psychiatric diagnosis.
      Depression alone was present in more than half the sample. Few burns were
      strictly accidental; 68% involved some degree of complicity on the victim's part,
      but intentional burns were rare. Patients with depression were more likely to
      sustain their burns in a setting of risk-enhancing behavior.

PMID- 3356747
TI  - Relating mental health and physical function at discharge to rehabilitation
      status at three months postburn.
AB  - Preinjury mental health is said to be a major predictive factor in the
      rehabilitation progress of burn patients. However, it is unclear which component
      of rehabilitation (emotional v physical) is predicted by this variable;
      furthermore, the predictive validity of preinjury mental health has not been
      compared with physical variables. The present study compared preinjury mental
      health, physical variables, and length of hospitalization in predicting the
      rehabilitation progress of 59 major burn patients at three-month follow-up.
      Preinjury mental health was assessed by the Rand Mental Health Form; physical
      status, by the Upper Extremity Index (standard measures of upper limb joint
      mobility); and hospital stay, by the number of days of acute hospitalization.
      These variables were assessed at the time of discharge. Three-month
      rehabilitation outcome was measured by the Sickness Impact Profile, a self-report
      inventory that evaluates patient outcome in 12 different areas. These areas were
      in turn placed in the categories of disability (ie, difficulties in functioning
      in activities of daily living; eating) handicap (ie, difficulties in functioning
      in general areas of living; employment) and mental health status. In predicting
      mental health status at three months, preinjury mental health was significantly
      correlated. In predicting physical disability, physical factors were found to be
      important. Conversely, physical status was not significantly related to mental
      health outcome, and preinjury mental health was not related to physical
      disability. The results indicate the importance of defining outcome when
      attempting to predict rehabilitation progress of burn patients.

PMID- 3356748
TI  - The microstomia prevention appliance: 14 years of clinical experience.
AB  - Partial- or full-thickness perioral facial burns may lead to a contracture of the
      tissues surrounding the oral commissures that results in microstomia. The current
      investigators have used the microstomia prevention appliance (MPA) exclusively in
      the management of commissure burns at the University of Iowa Burn Center since
      1972. To assess the effectiveness of the MPA, a retrospective chart review was
      conducted. The study population consisted of 85 patients admitted to the center
      between 1974 and 1986 who had incurred burns to the perioral region or to the
      lower two thirds of the face. The chart analysis of 83 patients revealed that,
      with diligent and persistent use of the MPA, only one patient required surgical
      repair for the development of microstomia. The MPA has proved effective in
      decreasing the need for reconstructive procedures and in preventing the
      occurrence of microstomia.

PMID- 3356749
TI  - Burn patient registries in the United States: a survey.
AB  - The Committee on Organization and Delivery of Burn Care of the American Burn
      Association conducted a survey among burn care facilities to determine the extent
      of interest in development and maintenance of computerized patient registries.
      Initial questionnaires were mailed to 178 burn care facilities. Responses were
      obtained from 112 (62.9%). Eighty-seven (77%) of the responders indicated that
      they have some form of registry. Thirty-five of these registries were in the form
      of handwritten logbooks, while 43 were personal computers with a wide variety of
      hardware and software. Uses of these registries include patient census and
      reports (64% of responders), clinical research (62%), patient care (61%), and,
      less common, quality assurance and education. Twenty-five facilities stated that
      they do not maintain a registry, but 22 (88%) of them indicated interest in
      developing one. It seems unlikely that a single system could be designed to fill
      the needs of all facilities, nor is it likely that existing registries can be
      "networked" successfully. This is due not only to the diversity of data in the
      existing registries, but also to the important differences in the way basic
      terminology is used in different facilities. For burn care facilities interested
      in developing their own registry, a selected list of successful representative
      registries is provided.

PMID- 3356750
TI  - Hormone-dependent processing of the avian progesterone receptor.
AB  - Avian progesterone receptor exists as two forms, A and B, with molecular weights
      of 79,000 and 110,000 daltons, respectively. The origin and significance of these
      two forms is an area of active investigation and debate. Monoclonal antibodies
      produced against these two forms were used to examine receptor stability in
      cytosol and changes in the receptor forms induced by hormone binding. The
      lability of hormone binding at elevated temperatures is well documented. Analysis
      by Western blotting showed the receptor was stable in freshly prepared oviduct
      cytosol for 2 hr at 37 degrees C, while hormone binding was lost within 30 min.
      However, loss of receptor through degradation was seen when cytosol was prepared
      from frozen tissue or when homogenization was excessive. Progesterone was
      injected into diethylstilbestrol-stimulated chicks to examine, in vivo, effects
      of hormone treatment on receptor forms in the cytosol and nuclear fractions.
      Progesterone treatment caused a time- and dose-dependent conversion of the A
      receptor to a form (A') with a slower electrophoretic mobility. The cytosolic
      progesterone receptor was divided equally between the B and A forms, while the
      nuclear receptor was predominantly A'. The amount of nuclear receptor was
      consistently less than cytosolic receptor. Receptor phosphorylation was analyzed
      by incubating tissue minces with [32P]orthophosphate with or without progesterone
      followed by immune isolation of receptor forms. Progesterone treatment caused a
      time-dependent increase in cytosol receptor phosphorylation which was evident
      after 5 min of treatment. This phosphorylation was observed with both the A and B
      receptor forms. The results indicate that receptor phosphorylation is a very
      early event during progesterone action.

PMID- 3356751
TI  - ERV3 human endogenous provirus mRNAs are expressed in normal and malignant
      tissues and cells, but not in choriocarcinoma tumor cells.
AB  - Messenger RNA expression of a human endogenous provirus, ERV3, has been
      characterized in 170 specimens of normal and malignant human tissues and cells.
      In contrast to the high expression in first-trimester and full-term placental
      chorionic villi, most other human tissues expressed ERV3 mRNAs at a level of 2
      30% of placenta. However, ERV3 mRNAs were not detected in choriocarcinoma tumor
      cell lines. These studies suggest that the ERV3 provirus may have been preempted
      for a biological function and disruption of its mRNA expression results in
      choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 3356752
TI  - Spontaneous fusion between metastatic mammary tumor subpopulations.
AB  - This study describes a differential frequency of spontaneous fusion between
      metastatic and nonmetastatic subpopulations derived from a single mouse mammary
      tumor. Subpopulations 66, 66c14 (a variant of 66 which is resistant to both
      thioguanine and ouabain), 410.4, and 44FTO (a thioguanine-resistant, ouabain
      resistant derivative of 410.4) spontaneously metastasize from subcutaneous and
      mammary fatpad sites. Subpopulations 168, 168FARO (a diaminopurine-resistant,
      ouabain-resistant derivative of 168), 67, 68H, and 410 do not. The ability of
      these subpopulation lines to fuse spontaneously in vitro was determined after
      coculturing a drug-resistant line with a wild-type line in nonselective media.
      After 16-20 h of coculture, cells were plated in the appropriate media to select
      for fusion products--either HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) plus
      ouabain or AA (alanosine, adenine) plus ouabain--to determine the number of
      colony-forming cells (fusion products) present per 10(4) cells plated. When both
      subpopulations of the pair in the fusion mixture were metastatic, a significantly
      greater number of fusion products was recovered than if one or both of the
      subpopulations in the fusion mixture was nonmetastatic, with one exception: line
      410 readily fused with both 66c14 and 44FTO. Subline 410 was highly metastatic
      when originally isolated but lost its metastatic competence after a brief time in
      tissue culture.

PMID- 3356753
TI  - Simultaneous transfer of tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes by transfection
      with genomic DNA from a human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - High-molecular-weight genomic DNA isolated from a human cutaneous squamous cell
      carcinoma (AS) was assayed for its ability to induce tumorigenic transformation
      of NIH 3T3 cells. Subcutaneous injection of NIH 3T3 cells cotransfected with DNAs
      from AS tumor and pSV2-neo plasmid not only induced tumors at the site of
      injection, but also metastasized spontaneously to the lungs in 100% of nude mice
      injected. DNA isolated from a representative primary tumor and a metastasis was
      again used in a second round of transfection. Injection of secondary
      transfectants into nude mice again resulted in induction of both subcutaneous
      tumors and spontaneous long metastases. Southern blot hybridization with ras
      specific probes revealed that DNA from both primary tumors and metastases induced
      by AS tumor DNA contained highly amplified Ha-ras oncogene. Furthermore, DNAs
      from secondary tumors and metastases induced by DNA from a primary tumor and a
      metastasis also contained similar highly amplified Ha-ras oncogene. These results
      suggest that the amplified Ha-ras oncogene may be responsible for induction of
      both tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes in NIH 3T3 cells transfected with DNA
      from AS tumor.

PMID- 3356754
TI  - Melanoma growth stimulatory activity: isolation from human melanoma tumors and
      characterization of tissue distribution.
AB  - Melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA) is an acid and heat stable, auto
      stimulatory growth factor which was first isolated from culture medium
      conditioned by the Hs294T human melanoma cell line. In this report, we describe
      the purification of MGSA from acid ethanol extracts of Hs294T tumors grown in
      nude mice using a series of Bio-Gel P30, reverse phase-high performance liquid
      chromatography and heparin-sepharose steps. This modified procedure provides a 10
      fold improved yield of MGSA over previously published procedures. Purified MGSA
      stimulated melanoma cell growth in both 3H-thymidine and cell number assays over
      a concentration range of 0.06 to 6 ng/ml. The MGSA bioactivity was primarily
      associated with fractions which exhibited molecular weights of 16 and 13-14 Kd
      based upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified
      platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1),
      transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in
      combination with TGF beta did not stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation in Hs294T
      cells under the conditions used for MGSA bioassay. Monoclonal antibody to MGSA
      was used to screen melanoma and benign nevus cultures as well as fixed sectioned
      tissue for MGSA. The majority of the melanoma cultures were MGSA positive, while
      most nevus cultures were MGSA negative. However, when fixed sectioned tissue was
      screened for MGSA immunoreactivity, melanoma tissue was MGSA positive and three
      fourths of the benign nevi were MGSA positive. In addition, epidermal
      keratinocytes and several tissues exhibiting proliferative disorders contained
      immunoreactive MGSA. These data suggest that MGSA may be a normal regulator of
      growth and that the microenvironment of the cell may regulate both production of
      MGSA and response to MGSA.

PMID- 3356755
TI  - Analysis of multiple front formation in the wetting of thin-layer plates.
AB  - Multiple fronts were formed when pure liquids such as methanol or heptane and
      multi-component liquids such as ethanol-toluene mixtures were flowed through
      initially dry thin-layer chromatography plates, whether the stationary phase was
      naked silica or octadecyl-silica. A minor modification to a commercially
      available thin-layer chromatograph allowed the fronts to be clearly seen, and
      their dynamics to be measured experimentally. A model is proposed to explain
      their formation and motion.

PMID- 3356756
TI  - Simultaneous determination of atracurium besylate and its major decomposition
      products and related impurities by reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation and determination of atracurium besylate and its major
      decomposition products and related impurities using octadecylsilica columns and
      acetonitrile-phosphate buffer mobile phases were studied. The influence of the
      acetonitrile and buffer concentrations and the pH of the mobile phase on the
      retention was investigated. The results indicated that hydrophobic and
      silanophilic interactions contribute to the retention of the compounds
      investigated.

PMID- 3356757
TI  - Trace analysis of airborne 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate and the related
      aminoisocyanate and diamine by glass capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - A capillary gas chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of complex
      air mixtures of 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethyleneaminoisocyanate
      and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The method is based on derivatization in the
      sampling step of the reactive isocyanate groups to corresponding urethane groups
      by the alkaline ethanolic solvent and a subsequent derivatization of remaining
      amino groups to amide groups with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride. The overall
      procedure, including sampling, gave a linear response at air concentrations of 3
      300 micrograms/m3 for 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate with a precision of ca. 4% at
      15 micrograms/m3 and a detection limit of ca. 0.2 microgram/m3 using nitrogen
      selective detection. In a field measurement of air concentrations in welding work
      on lacquered metal parts at a motor-car workshop, concentrations of 1,6
      hexamethylenediisocyanate above 600 micrograms/m3 were found. Also 1,6
      hexamethyleneaminoisocyanate and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine were found at
      concentrations of the order of 15% of the 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate
      concentration.

PMID- 3356758
TI  - Simultaneous clean-up of nitroarenes and polycyclic aromatic ketones from soil
      and particulate matter on XAD-2.

PMID- 3356759
TI  - Separation and determination of intact glucosinolates in rapeseed by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3356760
TI  - Separation of rat liver phospholipids from polar non-phospholipids by thin-layer
      chromatography.

PMID- 3356761
TI  - Prediction of retention indexes. I. Structure-retention index relationship on
      apolar columns.
AB  - A simple method is reported for predicting the retention index (RI) of a chemical
      compound from the number of carbon and carbon equivalent atoms in the molecule,
      the RI increment for atom addition and the group retention factors (GRFs) for
      substituents and functional groups. Atoms other than carbon such as oxygen,
      nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, bromine and iodine are assigned carbon atom
      equivalency of approximately 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 and 4, respectively and are counted
      for their contribution towards RI prediction. The GRFs of substituents and
      functional groups are derived from the RIs of reference compounds and series of
      homologues. Ring structures, ring fusion, ring connection, iso- and neo-carbons,
      chain branching and unsaturation are also assigned GRFs. The predicted RIs of a
      number of alicyclic, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, primary, secondary and
      tertiary alcohols, phenols, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, heterocyclics,
      carboxylic acids, acid esters, aldehydes, ketones, and halogenated compounds, are
      found to be within +/- 3% of the observed values. The structure-retention index
      relationship thus developed is extremely useful in the tentative identification
      of radioactive side products formed in tritium labeling by radiation-induced
      methods.

PMID- 3356762
TI  - Derivatization of prostaglandins and related compounds to (methoxime) alkyl ester
      alkyl ether derivatives for gas chromatographic analysis.
AB  - Rapid and convenient methods are described for the exhaustive derivatization of
      carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of prostaglandins and related compounds to
      methoxime, alkyl ester and alkyl ether compounds respectively. Optimal reaction
      conditions were established for each group. The reactions were carried out in
      polar aprotic solvents. Alkyl ester alkyl ether derivatives were obtained
      quantitatively and rapidly in one step with n-alkyl (C1-C4) halides in the
      presence of sodium hydroxide. Methyl ester methyl ether derivatives have the
      highest volatility, but propyl ester propyl ether derivatives improved the
      separation of complex mixtures. The carbonyl group sometimes induced side
      products, so the carbonyl group was converted into methoxime. Methoximation was
      achieved quantitatively by using methoxylamine in the presence of hydrochloric
      acid or sodium hydroxide, followed by alkylation in same reaction medium.
      Methoximation gave syn- and anti-isomers, which were separated
      chromatographically, decreasing the resolution for complex samples.

PMID- 3356763
TI  - Photodiode array detection of peptide-nucleoside antibiotics.
AB  - The discrimination within fermentation matrices of some structurally related
      peptide-nucleosides is vastly simplified by coupling photodiode array detection
      to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Blasticidin S analogues and
      other closely related nucleosides can easily be discriminated with on-line
      photodiode array spectral acquisition (PDA). From the combined HPLC-PDA
      evaluation of the fermentation filtrate from culture broth 83-2245, two
      blasticidin S type compounds, Sch 36605 and Sch 36606 could be detected.
      Mildiomycin, a structurally related nucleoside produced from ATCC culture 31120,
      could be detected during preliminary isolation without an authentic reference for
      comparison. Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopic evaluations and mass
      analysed ion kinetic energy spectra of these nucleosides confirmed their
      respective identities.

PMID- 3356764
TI  - Lanthanide ions as luminescent chromophores for the liquid chromatographic
      detection of polynucleotides and nucleic acids.
AB  - Europium(III) and terbium(III) can be used as luminescent chromophores for the
      liquid chromatographic detection of certain nucleotides and nucleic acids. The
      method is dependent upon an energy transfer from the nucleic acid to the
      lanthanide ion. Of the base moieties, only xanthine, guanine, and thiouridine
      have appropriate excited state energy levels for efficient energy transfer. The
      lanthanide ion can be added in a pre- or post-column mode. The applicability of
      the method was demonstrated for the detection of homologous polynucleotides such
      as poly X and poly G. The method was also used to detect transfer RNA from
      Escherichia coli.

PMID- 3356765
TI  - Studies on fungicidal activity of N-phenylcarbamates. IV. Determination of the
      hydrophobicity of N-phenylcarbamates by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3356766
TI  - Analysis of dipeptides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
      without derivatization using amperometric detection on a copper electrode.

PMID- 3356767
TI  - Detection of amino acids on thin-layer plates.

PMID- 3356768
TI  - Human sperm chromosomes.
AB  - Sperm chromosome studies have been performed in 70 normal males. The incidence of
      aneuploidy in this group is approximately 3-4%, and that of structural anomalies
      close to 5%. In carriers of reciprocal or Robertsonian translocations, the
      results are extremely variable, with percentages of unbalanced sperm from 8 to
      87%. No unbalanced spermatozoa have been observed in patients with pericentric or
      paracentric inversions. In cancer patients treated with radio and/or
      chemotherapy, the incidence of chromosome abnormalities is much higher, and
      significantly different from that found in controls.

PMID- 3356769
TI  - The sperm acrosome: functional and clinical aspects.
AB  - The acrosome of mammalian spermatozoa contains high amounts of acrosin, which is
      believed to be essential for gamete fusion, particularly for binding to, and
      penetration of, the zona pellucida. In addition, its activation from proacrosin
      seems to be associated with the capacitation process. Furthermore, it might
      facilitate cervical mucus penetration and intrauterine sperm migration by
      releasing kinins from kininogen, as well as participating in the acrosome
      reaction and in chromatin decondensation in the oocyte. Considering these
      functions of the acrosome during the process of fertilization, the morphology and
      functional integrity of the acrosome in ejaculated human spermatozoa are of
      fundamental importance in attachment, species-specific binding and zona
      penetration preceding gamete fusion. It is therefore mandatory to focus on
      acrosomal membrane functions and consider particularly the occurrence of
      acrosomal disturbances in spermatozoa from men of barren marriages. For this
      purpose, biochemical and immunocytochemical methods have been used to investigate
      acrosin activity and possible alterations of the acrosomal membrane system in
      different groups of sub- and infertile patients. Of particular interest is the
      ability of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction, which can be studied
      using the triple-stain technique. Of all the spermatological groups investigated
      (normo-, astheno-, oligo-, terato- and polyzoospermia), polyzoospermic semen
      samples showed severe acrosomal disturbances indicating functionally defective
      acrosomes which might hinder fertilization. The data indicate the need for the
      introduction of acrosomal markers in clinical andrology for proper diagnosis of
      acrosomal sperm defects.

PMID- 3356770
TI  - The endometrium in natural and artificial luteal phases.
AB  - The normal human endometrium reacts precisely and sensitively to any hormonal
      stimulation with predictable changes. If the corpus luteum develops normally
      after ovulation, the progesterone secreted induces specific changes in
      endometrial glandular and stromal cells that can be dated by daily fine
      structural alterations. With corpus luteum deficiency the endometrial
      differentiation is delayed and remains incomplete. The defect in the
      differentiation of glands and stroma varies in their distribution and intensity
      and may be dissociated or coordinated depending upon the cause of the corpus
      luteum deficiency. The administration of natural progesterone in the second half
      of the cycle prolongs the luteal phase and may result in hypersecretion of
      glands. In contrast, therapy with synthetic gestagens depresses glandular
      secretion, induces glandular atrophy and decidualization of the stroma. The
      various synthetic gestagens differ both quantitatively and qualitatively in their
      action; depending upon the dosage given the endometrium remains in abortive or
      arrested secretion. Clomiphene depresses normal secretion by its antioestrogenic
      effect which causes deficient oestrogen priming. On the other hand, clomiphene
      counteracts excessive oestrogen and will normalize the secretion in a deficient
      luteal phase that was preceded by follicular persistency. In the artificial
      cycle, depending upon the state of endogenous hormonal stimulation, the patients
      will benefit either from clomiphene or gonadotrophin to maintain or normalize
      their secretory endometrium.

PMID- 3356771
TI  - Stress spikes of hyperprolactinaemia and infertility.
AB  - Using couples with unexplained infertility as clinical models, a sub-group of
      approximately one-third separate out with high stress profile scores and
      intermittent mild elevations of prolactin 'spikers'. Pregnancy rates in such
      women when treated with a combination of clomiphene citrate and bromocriptine are
      found to be significantly more successful than placebo.

PMID- 3356772
TI  - Tubal anastomosis.
AB  - Tubal anastomosis is regarded as the most successful type of tubal surgery. A
      short survey of published results by microsurgical technique is provided. A film
      demonstrates a simplified suture-technique (one single suture in the tubal wall)
      for isthmical anastomosis after previous sterilization.

PMID- 3356773
TI  - Tubal anastomosis using a tissue adhesive.
AB  - The success of reversal of tubal ligation depends on the site of the
      sterilization, the tubal length after the repair of the Fallopian tube, the
      experience of the surgeon and the duration of surgery. It is therefore worth
      searching for methods to simplify the operation and to shorten the time necessary
      without reducing the success rate. We developed a method using a fibrin-thrombin
      adhesive system in combination with Swolin's one-stitch technique for tubal
      anastomosis. Instead of four to eight sero-muscular sutures we placed only one or
      two sero-muscular sutures and then the anastomosis was secured by a drop of
      fibrin glue. Until now 33 women have been 'refertilized' by this technique. In
      the case of 28 patients, a follow-up period of at least one year was possible.
      Thirteen intra-uterine pregnancies were achieved, three were ectopic and one
      woman aborted. In the cases of isthmic/isthmic anastomosis there were four intra
      uterine pregnancies in six patients. We believe this result is a very important
      step to shortening the time of surgery with respect to the rules of microsurgical
      technique.

PMID- 3356774
TI  - Cervical surgery in infertility.
AB  - We wish to stress three original techniques among the numerous operations which
      can be performed on the uterine cervix for the treatment of infertility. The
      first treatment is for cervical dysplasia of the cervix, a conization performed
      by electrosurgery under local anaesthesia, using a metallic handle of 23 mm,
      associated with vaporization by a CO2 laser at the edges of the resection. This
      technique, used for 125 patients, has permitted adequate resection. The rate of
      incomplete resection is less than 10%. This method has preserved the possibility
      of pregnancies without abortion. The second technique is the surgical repair of a
      large post-obstetrical split of the cervix by an abdominal exposure. After
      dissection of the bladder, the vagina is opened longitudinally, the cervix
      exposed and repaired carefully. Four patients who had previously had four to six
      abortions between 4 and 6 months of gestation, succeeded in achieving a full-term
      pregnancy by this technique. The third technique is the resection of the isthmic
      septum by microscissors or micro-electrocautery under local or general
      anaesthesia by hysteroscopy. Twelve cases, five with primary infertility, seven
      with second infertility and habitual abortions, were operated on by this
      technique in 1986-87. Four pregnancies have resulted.

PMID- 3356775
TI  - The temporal relationship between vaginal fluid volumes obtained with the
      Rovumeter vaginal aspirator and the fertile phase of the cycle.
AB  - Recent trends in family planning demonstrate an increasing interest in natural
      methods of birth regulation. In their present form, however, these methods are
      highly subjective and individualistic. A further trend in fertility programmes
      has been a very rapid development of technological methods to detect fertility in
      the female cycle, some of which could possibly benefit natural family planning
      users. One such technique--that of changing volumes of cervico-vaginal fluid
      (CVF), which is a mixture of cervical mucus and vaginal transudate--has been
      tested in a pilot study to ascertain its reliability to demarcate the fertile
      phase of the cycle. Results show that in all cycles tested, it is possible using
      the Rovumeter aspirator to detect the beginning of the fertile phase by rapidly
      increasing volumes of CVF; this volume reaches a peak approximately 1 day before
      ovulation detected by ultrasound and demonstrates an abrupt fall after ovulation
      and the onset of the infertile phase. From the results of this pilot study, we
      believe that, by the use of suitable algorithms and larger studies, it should be
      possible to develop a CVF volume method which could be offered as an objective
      alternative method for users of natural family planning and programmes.

PMID- 3356776
TI  - Luteal deficiency not a persistent cause of infertility.
AB  - A mid-luteal serum progesterone measurement was made in 579 cycles from 159
      infertile women with unexplained infertility and the results compared with those
      in 267 cycles from 58 normal controls. There were no significant differences
      between the two groups in terms of mean progesterone values (41 versus 44
      nmol/l); incidence of defective cycles (progesterone less than 28 nmol/l: 17
      versus 15%) or severely defective cycles (progesterone less than 14 nmol/l: 4
      versus 3%); incidence of a clinical diagnosis of luteal deficiency (LD) (at least
      two out of three cycles defective: 13 versus 12%); or incidence of persistent LD
      (continuing into a second series of two to three cycles: 1.7 versus 4.9%). There
      were no differences related to age, previous pregnancy or duration of
      infertility. These findings suggest that defective cycles occur as a random
      phenomenon in infertility and no more often than in normal women, and a diagnosis
      of LD implying a persistent condition to explain prolonged infertility in women
      with normal menstrual cycles must be a rare entity and requires at least six
      cycles of investigation (or none!) before treatment is considered.

PMID- 3356777
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotrophin measurements in the luteal phase of the menstrual
      cycle of infertile and fertile women.
AB  - Serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) determinations were performed every
      other day during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle of 20 women suffering
      from unexplained infertility and of 20 women assumed to be fertile. HCG was
      determined by a specific radioimmunoassay which applied an antiserum directed
      against the HCG-beta subunit. The group of infertile patients demonstrated
      detectable serum HCG in only three cases. No clinically confirmed pregnancies
      were achieved in this group. Eighteen of the 20 women presumed to be fertile
      showed detectable HCG levels. Five of these achieved ongoing pregnancies, while
      13 women revealed increased HCG levels without delayed menstrual periods. The
      first day of detection of HCG during the luteal phase did not differ between the
      two groups. In the five women with ongoing pregnancies the time of detection of
      HCG ranged from day 5 until day 12 after ovulation. It is concluded that the high
      rate of increased HCG values in the fertile group may represent early conceptual
      loss, but the apparently disorderly HCG results indicate the need for cautious
      interpretation of HCG determinations during the luteal phase. Furthermore, early
      conceptual loss forms no major explanation for unexplained infertility.

PMID- 3356778
TI  - Determination of sperm antibodies in human genital secretions by an ELISA
      technique.
AB  - Sera and genital secretions of 178 infertile men and 40 infertile women were
      evaluated for antibodies against spermatozoa by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA). It was shown that circulating sperm antibodies are not usually
      transudated into genital secretions and, on the other hand, that local antibodies
      found in cervical mucus or seminal plasma are not detectable in serum.
      Furthermore it was demonstrated that the solubilization of cervical mucus by
      bromelain almost completely removes antibody activities detectable by ELISA,
      whereas sonication of mucus does not affect the immunoglobulins. Sonication
      should thus be applied for liquefaction of cervical mucus in order to assess its
      antibody properties.

PMID- 3356779
TI  - Importance of filter structure for the trans-membrane migration studies of sperm
      motility.
AB  - Sperm migration through polycarbonate and nylon membrane filters was studied by
      the trans-membrane migration ratio method. Sperm crossed the former filters but
      not the latter because of the greater pore length and complexity of the
      relatively thick nylon membrane. Adhesion of spermatozoa to the nylon structure
      was also observed. Using the polycarbonate filter we were able to correlate trans
      membrane migration with conventional motility and measure the effects of drugs on
      sperm motility.

PMID- 3356780
TI  - Methods of water purification for the preparation of culture media in an IVF-ET
      programme.
AB  - Five methods of water purification for culture media preparation have been
      described. The quality of media thus prepared has been assessed retrospectively
      by relating to the fertilization and pregnancy rates of a total of 646 treatment
      cycles in an in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programme. All
      media for human use was subjected to quality control assessment in a mouse embryo
      culture system. Although no differences were seen in the fertilization rates or
      the proportion of women proceeding to embryo transfer, significant differences
      were seen in the pregnancy rates. The highest pregnancy rates were obtained using
      rainwater distilled six times (22/100, 22%) or eight times (40/184, 21.7%), and
      water polished using a Milli-Q water purifying system (41/181, 22.7%).
      Significantly lower pregnancy rates were obtained when the water was purified
      using an alternative Milli-Q system (9/89, 10.1%) or dam water distilled six
      times (6/63, 9.5%). These findings may reflect contamination of local dam water
      supplies but demonstrate the difficulty in purifying water for the preparation of
      culture medium.

PMID- 3356781
TI  - An analysis of the effect of the PMSG--HCG interval on the two-cell block.
AB  - The effect of increasing the interval between the administrations of pregnant
      mare's serum gonadotrophin and HCG to female mice from 48 to 60 h on the mating
      frequency, ovulation rate, fertilization rate and development through the two
      cell stage has been investigated. It is concluded that use of the longer interval
      is of no advantage, and may be disadvantageous.

PMID- 3356782
TI  - Displacement of receptivity for nidation in the rat by the progesterone
      antagonist RU 486: a scanning electron microscopy study.
AB  - In the rat, the period of receptivity for nidation (implantation window) is
      characterized by specific change of the apical surface of the luminal uterine
      epithelium, such as the presence of large ectoplasmic projections (pinopodes).
      Under the conditions of this study, fully developed pinopodes appeared during
      normal pseudopregnancy on day 5 only. When RU 486 (5 mg/kg s.c.) was given once
      on day 1, the chronological limits of the appearance of these projections were
      changed. Fully formed pinopodes were observed on days 6-8 instead of day 5,
      indicating a displacement and enlargement of the receptive period. This property
      of the progesterone antagonist could be of clinical interest if it could be used
      to enlarge the 'implantation window' in women after replacement of in-vitro
      fertilized eggs.

PMID- 3356783
TI  - Value of needle aspiration in bacteriologic diagnosis of cellulitis in adults.
AB  - We prospectively studied 30 adult patients with cellulitis, including many who
      were hospitalized with significant underlying medical problems. Needle aspiration
      of both central and leading edge areas of their lesions was performed in an
      attempt to establish a bacteriologic diagnosis. Potential pathogens were isolated
      by this technique in only 10% of the patients. Neither site of aspiration was
      clearly superior in terms of culture yield. Because aspirate Gram stains and
      cultures so rarely provided useful bacteriologic information, they were seldom
      helpful in guiding antibiotic selection or in influencing the outcome of
      treatment in most patients. However, clinical information, as well as results of
      primary lesion cultures when obtainable, may be used to successfully select
      therapy in most cases of adult cellulitis. On the basis of our results, needle
      aspiration may not be justified as a routine diagnostic procedure for all adults
      with cellulitis, though it may still be useful in selected patients.

PMID- 3356784
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of immunoglobulins G and M to
      Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in vaccinated and naturally infected
      humans.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for detection of
      immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
      (VEE) virus in vaccinated and naturally infected humans. A total of 441 sera
      found negative for VEE antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization were
      examined by IgG ELISA and gave a 1.0% false-positive rate; no false-positives
      were found in the IgM ELISA. Sera with neutralizing antibody to western or
      eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus did not react with VEE antigen in the IgG
      ELISA. Sensitivity of the IgG ELISA was determined by testing 100 coded pre- and
      postvaccination human sera. Sixty-two were positive by ELISA; 58 of these 62 were
      also positive by neutralization tests, and 38 were negative by both tests. No
      neutralization-positive, ELISA-negative sera were found. Comparison of titers
      obtained by ELISA and neutralization tests indicated that 88% varied randomly by
      a fourfold dilution factor or less, while 61% were identical or varied only
      twofold. In sera obtained sequentially from 10 vaccinees and 5 naturally infected
      patients, both IgG and IgM antibodies appeared between 2 and 3 weeks after
      vaccination or onset of symptoms. The IgG and IgM antibody ELISAs described are
      rapid, specific, and sensitive indicators of VEE antibody status in vaccinated
      and naturally infected individuals.

PMID- 3356785
TI  - Risk factors for candidemia in cancer patients: a case-control study.
AB  - Risk factors for candidemia were analyzed in a case-control study of 30 cancer
      patients with candidemia and 58 controls. In a univariate analysis, previous
      surgery, neutropenia, central catheterization, chemotherapy, specific antibiotic
      treatments, and peripheral cultures positive for Candida spp. were associated
      with a significantly increased risk of candidemia. In a multivariate logistic
      model, the significant risk factors for candidemia were positive peripheral
      cultures for Candida spp. (P = 0.02), central catheterization (P = 0.03), and
      neutropenia (P = 0.05). These results should help to identify cancer patients
      with a high risk of candidemia, who should be given early systemic antifungal
      therapy.

PMID- 3356786
TI  - Agglutinins and antibodies to Francisella tularensis outer membrane antigens in
      the early diagnosis of disease during an outbreak of tularemia.
AB  - Tularemia was diagnosed in 57 patients during an outbreak in central Norway in
      1984 and 1985. Clinical categories of the disease showed seasonal variations. A
      bacterial microagglutination test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) with class-specific antibodies against Francisella tularensis outer
      membrane (OM) antigens were evaluated for the early diagnosis of tularemia. ELISA
      with immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, or IgM antibodies and the microagglutination
      test differed only marginally in diagnostic sensitivity. The OM preparation
      harbored F. tularensis agglutinogens and contained a variety of proteins, several
      of which functioned as immunogens in tularemia patients, as shown by Western
      blotting (immunoblotting). All 12 patients tested produced antibodies against a
      43,000-molecular-weight OM protein. Individual variation was noted with regard to
      antibody response against other OM antigens. The OM is a suitable antigen
      preparation in ELISA for the diagnosis of tularemia and, presumably, contains
      antigens important in the immunobiology of tularemia.

PMID- 3356787
TI  - Plasmid analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent.
AB  - A simple procedure for extraction of plasmid-enriched DNA from borreliae was used
      in a plasmid analysis of 13 strains of the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia
      burgdorferi. The extracted DNA was subjected to low-percentage agarose gel
      electrophoresis and examined either directly by ethidium bromide staining or
      after hybridization of the plasmids in situ with a DNA probe for the gene
      encoding the major outer membrane protein OspA. Each isolate had four to seven
      discernible plasmids of various sizes. Only 2 of the 13 strains had the same
      plasmid profile. The ospA gene probe hybridized to large plasmids to strains from
      both North America and Europe. A strain which had been passaged many times was
      found to have lost two of the six plasmids originally present. These findings
      indicate the potential usefulness of plasmid analysis as a strain-typing
      procedure and for identifying possible plasmid-conferred virulence factors.

PMID- 3356788
TI  - Cultural and chemical characterization of CDC groups EO-2, M-5, and M-6,
      Moraxella (Moraxella) species, Oligella urethralis, Acinetobacter species, and
      Psychrobacter immobilis.
AB  - We determined phenotypic characteristics, cellular fatty acid composition, and
      isoprenoid quinone content of representative strains of CDC groups EO-2, M-5, and
      M-6, Moraxella (Moraxella) species, Oligella urethralis, Acinetobacter species,
      and Psychrobacter immobilis. All organisms contained ubiquinone with eight
      isoprene units as the major isoprenolog, but distinct differences were observed
      in fatty acid composition. Twenty-eight of the original collection of CDC group
      EO-2 strains were further identified as P. immobilis, EO-2, or EO-3 by
      distinctive cellular fatty acid profiles, cellular morphology, and pigment
      production. The cellular fatty acid compositions of M-5 and M-6 were similar but
      were clearly different from those of other organisms. The genus Acinetobacter was
      differentiated from other organisms in the study by small amounts of 2
      hydroxydodecanoic acid (2-OH-12:0), and P. immobilis was differentiated by small
      amounts of decanoic acid (10:0) and a branched-chain 17-carbon acid (i-17:0). All
      Moraxella species were distinguished by small amounts of decanoic acid (10:0) and
      the absence of i-17:0. M. bovis, M. nonliquefaciens, and some strains of M.
      lacunata formed a single fatty acid group, while M. osloensis, M. phenylpyruvica,
      M. atlantae, and other strains of M. lacunata (M. lacunata II) had species
      specific fatty acid profiles. O. urethralis differed from Moraxella species by
      the presence of large amounts (49%) of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1 omega 7c), small
      amounts (1%) of 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate (3-OH-16:0), and the absence of 10:0 and 3
      hydroxydodecanoate (3-OH-12:0). The combined use of chemical data and a small
      number of conventional tests permitted rapid identification and differentiation
      of these organisms from each other and from related organisms.

PMID- 3356789
TI  - Scedosporium inflatum, an emerging pathogen.
AB  - The salient morphologic and physiologic characteristics of 18 isolates of
      Scedosporium inflatum, a newly reported human pathogen, were compared with those
      of the morphologically similar fungi Scedosporium apiospermum, Scopulariopsis
      brevicaulis, and Scopulariopsis brumptii. The formation by S. inflatum of
      annelloconidia in wet clumps at the apices of annellides with swollen bases was
      found to be the most useful characteristic in differentiating this potential
      pathogen.

PMID- 3356790
TI  - Characterization of freshly isolated Campylobacter coli strains and suitability
      of selective media for their growth.
AB  - Typical and atypical Campylobacter strains were isolated from the colons of
      cattle and swine by techniques that enabled the selective pressures of
      antibiotics to be avoided. Some cephalothin-susceptible strains and a strain with
      an indeterminate hippurate reaction were classified as Campylobacter coli by DNA
      homology testing. Tetracycline-resistant isolates were obtained from animals with
      no recorded exposure to antibiotics. A selection of 12 C. coli and 6 C. jejuni
      strains was used to determine the ability of fresh isolates to grow on a range of
      selective media. C. coli isolates were inhibited more than C. jejuni on selective
      media containing antibiotics. The least inhibitory media were Skirrow medium (M.
      B. Skirrow, Br. Med. J. 2:9-11, 1977) and the charcoal-based media developed by
      Hutchinson and Bolton (D. N. Hutchinson and F. J. Bolton, J. Clin. Pathol. 37:956
      957, 1984) and Karmali et al. (M. A. Karmali, A. E. Simon, M. Roscoe, P. C.
      Fleming, S. S. Smith, and J. Lane, J. Clin. Microbiol. 23:456-459, 1986). The
      plasmid contents of the isolates did not appear to be related to their
      sensitivity to growth on selective (antibiotic-containing) media. The study
      indicates that selective media used to detect Campylobacter spp. could select
      against the isolation of C. coli.

PMID- 3356791
TI  - Production of gamma-hemolysin and lack of production of alpha-hemolysin by
      Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - The hemolytic activity of toxic shock syndrome isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
      is enhanced when agarose is substituted for agar in blood plates or when strains
      are grown in liquid culture in the presence of 20% (vol/vol) CO2 in air.
      Hemolytic activity of a representative panel of toxic shock syndrome isolates was
      rigorously assessed both on blood agar and in liquid culture to unequivocally
      identify the predominant hemolysins produced. As determined by isoelectric
      focusing and Western immunoblotting, 15 of 15 TSS isolates produced gamma-lysin
      and 10 of 15 produced delta-lysin. None produced beta-lysin, and only 2 of 15
      produced alpha-lysin. The low rate of alpha-lysin production was a most striking
      characteristic, since all strains were found to have the alpha-lysin gene by
      Southern blot hybridization.

PMID- 3356792
TI  - Electrophoretic characterization of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from
      antibiotic-associated colitis and other conditions.
AB  - Clostridium difficile has been recognized as the cause of antibiotic-associated
      pseudomembranous colitis and of less severe diarrheal diseases associated with
      the use of antimicrobial agents. However, healthy carriers of this microorganism
      have been found, particularly healthy neonates and small children. Various typing
      systems have been used to clarify the epidemiology of C. difficile. We used the
      electrophoretic patterns of EDTA-extracted proteins to characterize C. difficile
      strains from various sources. Altogether, 110 strains were studied, including 2
      reference strains, and 21 different protein profiles were obtained. However, two
      patterns were the most common: the group 2 pattern, characterized by a major 35
      kilodalton polypeptide band, and the group 5 pattern, identified by principal
      bands of 37 and 56 kilodaltons. The group 2 pattern was characteristic of strains
      isolated during hospital outbreaks and from sporadic cases of pseudomembranous
      colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The group 5 pattern was obtained only
      from isolates from healthy neonates and children. A correlation between
      electrophoretic characteristics and virulence can be hypothesized, namely that
      group 2 strains are more prone to induce diseases and cause outbreaks. It is
      noteworthy that strains isolated from children with diarrhea of unknown etiology,
      not related to antibiotic use, belong to the "virulent" group 2; strains from
      leukemic patients showed a variety of different patterns, and only two belong to
      group 2. This characterization can be used to aid studies on the virulence and
      clinical significance of C. difficile.

PMID- 3356794
TI  - Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of purulent nasopharyngitis in children.
AB  - Cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were obtained from the inferior nasal
      meatus of 25 children with purulent nasopharyngitis and from 25 controls.
      Microorganisms were isolated from all specimens. A total of 98 isolates (3.9 per
      patient), 45 aerobes (1.8 per patient) and 53 anaerobes (2.1 per patient), were
      isolated in patients with purulent nasopharyngitis. Seventy-three isolates (2.9
      per patient), 47 aerobes (1.9 per patient) and 26 anaerobes (1.0 per patient)
      were found in the controls. The organisms recovered in statistically
      significantly higher numbers in patients with nasopharyngitis were Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, Haemophilus sp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., and
      Bacteroides spp. The organisms recovered in significantly higher numbers in
      controls were Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. beta-Lactamase
      activity was detected in 19 isolates recovered from 15 individuals (9 patients
      and 6 controls). These findings demonstrate the aerobic-anaerobic polymicrobial
      flora associated with purulent nasopharyngitis. Further studies are indicated to
      evaluate the pathogenic role of these organisms in this condition.

PMID- 3356793
TI  - Thirteenth serogroup of Legionella pneumophila isolated from patients with
      pneumonia.
AB  - A Legionella-like organism (strain 82A3105; ATCC 43736) was isolated from a lung
      aspirate taken from a patient with pneumonia. Results of physiologic, gas-liquid
      chromatographic, genetic, and serologic tests showed that strain 82A3105 and four
      additional clinical isolates belong to a new Legionella pneumophila serogroup,
      serogroup 13.

PMID- 3356795
TI  - Use of cryopreserved normal peripheral blood lymphocytes for isolation of human
      immunodeficiency virus from seropositive men.
AB  - The possibility was investigated of using frozen stocks of phytohemagglutinin
      (PHA)-stimulated normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in cocultivation
      with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected lymphocytes for the isolation of
      HIV. Fresh and cryopreserved PBL from eight healthy volunteers were compared for
      their susceptibility to HIV infection in vitro. Fresh lymphocytes, as well as
      lymphocytes that were stimulated with PHA before or after cryopreservation,
      displayed comparable susceptibilities to HIV infection in vitro. In addition, HIV
      was recovered in all cases when lymphocytes stimulated with PHA before or after
      cryopreservation were cocultured in parallel with PBL from 15 patients with
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, the cryopreserved PBL were less
      efficient in isolating HIV from asymptomatic men.

PMID- 3356796
TI  - Positive reaction in mouse ligated intestinal loop assay with nonenterotoxigenic
      and nonhemolytic strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Nonenterotoxigenic and nonhemolytic strains of Staphylococcus aureus exhibited a
      positive reaction in the mouse intestinal loop assay except for a strain negative
      for the egg yolk reaction. Edema and swelling in all positive loops, increased
      bacterial cell numbers within intestinal loops, and extremely close adhesion to
      or inclusion of numerous bacterial cells in HeLa cells after inoculation of the
      strains were observed. These results suggest a possible invasive ability of the
      strains.

PMID- 3356797
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni antibodies in Nigerian children.
AB  - Titers of complement-fixing (CF) antibody to Campylobacter jejuni were
      demonstrated in 87 (36.7%) of 237 infants 6 to 15 months old in Jos, Nigeria. Of
      the total number of children examined, 81 had acute diarrhea and 27 of them
      (33.3%) were found to have CF antibodies in their serum. The remaining 156
      children were asymptomatic, and 60 (38.4%) of them had CF antibodies. In the
      diarrheal group, 27 of 75 children 6 to 8 months old were CF antibody positive.
      There was no significant difference in the incidence of CF C. jejuni antibodies
      in the diarrheal and nondiarrheal infants (P greater than 0.05). Also, infants 9
      to 15 months old had a higher incidence of CF antibodies (46.5%) than those 6 to
      8 months of age (25%). The data suggest that the infants whose sera were CF
      antibody positive had had an exposure to C. jejuni. All 33 infants 6 to 8 months
      of age who had no diarrhea were CF antibody negative.

PMID- 3356798
TI  - Enzymatic characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia by API ZYM profile.
AB  - The enzymatic activities of 53 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were determined by
      using the API ZYM system. Strong alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, butyrate
      esterase, caprylate esterase, myristate lipase, leucine arylamidase, and
      phosphoamidase activities were consistently detected in all strains. Weak
      activities were observed for valine arylamidase, beta-glucosidase, and N-acetyl
      beta-glucosaminidase. No activities could be demonstrated for cystine
      arylamidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta
      glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, and alpha-fucosidase.
      Enzymatic activities of pseudomonads may provide useful information about their
      pathogenesis and information for identification of Pseudomonas species.

PMID- 3356799
TI  - Association of Blastocystis hominis with human disease.

PMID- 3356800
TI  - Disk susceptibility testing of penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

PMID- 3356801
TI  - IgM/IgG solid-phase antibody-capture assay with biotin/125I-streptavidin
      amplification: application to normal human sural nerve biopsies.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific solid-phase antibody-capture assay was developed
      to measure IgM and IgG in endoneurial preparations of human sural nerve biopsies.
      Assay amplification was obtained by utilizing biotin-labeled anti-IgM or anti-IgG
      antibody and 125I-streptavidin, resulting in multiple streptavidin molecules
      binding per biotinylated antibody molecule. A minimal detectable dose of 0.16 +/-
      0.08 ng (mean +/- SD; n = 7) for IgM and 0.03 +/- 0.02 ng (mean +/- SD; n = 5)
      for IgG was obtained in a 100 microliters sample. When this assay was applied to
      normal fascicular biopsies from human sural nerve, the percent of IgM and IgG,
      respectively, of the total endoneurial protein was 0.026 +/- 0.015% (n = 9) and
      0.27 +/- 0.15% (n = 10; mean +/- SD). When these endoneurial concentrations of
      IgM and IgG were related to the plasma concentrations (mg IgM or IgG/mg total
      plasma protein), an IgM-blood-nerve barrier (BNB) index of 4.09 +/- 1.95 and an
      IgG-BNB index of 2.07 +/- 1.10 were obtained (X10(2); mean +/- SD). These values
      were also related to the albumin (Alb) concentration in the biopsies as a percent
      of total endoneurial protein (2.48 +/- 1.07%; mean +/- SD) and with the Alb-BNB
      index (5.40 +/- 2.53; X10(2); mean +/- SD; n = 10). Although these normal values
      will be expected to change with age, sex, nerve, and proximal-distal distance
      from nerve root, they should provide a basis for the comparison of BNB indices
      from patients with peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 3356802
TI  - Involvement of HLA in clinical courses of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The relationship between the histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)
      phenotypes and the clinical course of myasthenia gravis (MG) was studied in 53
      Japanese patients with MG. The frequency of HLA-DRw9 antigen was high in the MG
      patients who did not need immunosuppressive therapy but only anticholinesterase
      agents (RR = 4.52; CP less than 0.02), who achieved remission of the disease (RR
      = 2.98; CP less than 0.05) or who showed a decrease in AChR antibody (Ab) titer
      (RR = 6.32; CP less than 0.0002), whereas the frequency of HLA-DRw8 antigen was
      increased in MG patients who underwent immunosuppressive therapy (RR = 4.03; CP
      less than 0.01), who did not have remission (RR = 4.75; CP less than 0.1) or who
      showed an increase in AChR Ab titer (RR = 6.48; CP less than 0.01). These data
      suggest that immunogenetic heterogeneity in MG might be reflected in its clinical
      course.

PMID- 3356803
TI  - Origin of cerebellar projections to the region of the oculomotor complex, medial
      pontine reticular formation, and superior colliculus in New World monkeys: a
      retrograde horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Cerebellar projections to oculomotor-related brainstem regions were studied in
      four groups of New World (capuchin, squirrel) monkeys by using the retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to determine the origin of the
      principal cerebellar influence on eye movement. Group A monkeys had HRP
      injections or transcannular HRP gel implants into the oculomotor complex (OMC),
      the largest of which involved adjacent paraoculomotor nuclei (e.g., ventral
      periaqueductal gray, PAG; nucleus of Darkschewitsch, ND; medial accessory nucleus
      of Bechterew, MAB; dorsomedial parvicellular red nucleus, dmPRN). All of these
      cases contained large numbers of retrogradely labeled cells in cell group Y.
      Whereas the smallest OMC injection only labeled a few cells in the dentate
      nucleus (DN), injections involving paraoculomotor nuclei produced labeling in all
      of the cerebellar nuclei except the basal interstitial nucleus (BIN). Injections
      extending into the ND and MAB produced particularly heavy labeling within the
      interposed nuclei. Group B monkeys had injections/implants into the medial
      pontine tegmentum and dorsomedial basilar pons. The pontine tegmental cases
      contained labeled cells in all cerebellar nuclei, but the DN was the most heavily
      labeled when the implant involved the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP).
      Cases with injections into the caudal medial pontine tegmentum (nucleus
      reticularis pontis caudalis, NRPC), including the physiological paramedian
      pontine reticular formation (PPRF), but not NRTP, contained the largest number of
      labeled cells in the fastigial nucleus (FN) and lacked retrograde labeling in the
      DN. Dorsomedial basilar pontine cases contained almost no labeled cells in the
      FN, anterior interpositus nucleus (AIN), and posterior interpositus nucleus (PIN)
      but did contain DN labeling when the injection involved the NRTP. Two dorsomedial
      pontine tegmental cases and one dorsomedial basilar pontine case had more labeled
      cells in the BIN than in other cases. Tegmental cases also contained a few
      labeled cells in cell group Y. Group C monkeys had injections into the
      parvicellular red nucleus (PRN) and had their heaviest labeling in the DN,
      although the AIN and PIN also contained labeled cells. The FN, BIN, and cell
      group Y, on the other hand, contained almost no labeling. Group D consisted of
      monkeys which had injections into the intermediate and deep superior colliculus
      (SC). These cases contained the largest numbers of labeled cells in the PIN and a
      lesser number in the ventrolateral FN. The DN, AIN, BIN, and cell group Y lacked
      labeled neurons in these cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3356804
TI  - Morphological and electrophysiological identification of gigantocellular
      tegmental field neurons with descending projections in the cat: I. Pons.
AB  - Two different descending projections from the pontine gigantocellular tegmental
      field (PFTG) were defined by the use of intracellular recording and intracellular
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques in the cat. Type I neurons
      (reticulospinal neurons) had antidromic spike potentials produced by stimulation
      of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and sent axons to the
      ipsilateral MLF. Most type I neurons had large ellipsoidpolygonal somata (mean,
      59.7 microns), thick axons (average diameter, 3.33 microns), and slightly oblate
      large dendritic fields. The mean anteroposterior extent of the dendritic field
      was 1,492 microns, the mean mediolateral extent was 1,784 microns, and the mean
      dorsoventral extent was 1,562 microns. There were no type I neurons with axon
      collaterals. In contrast, type II neurons (reticuloreticular neurons) had
      antidromic spike potentials produced by stimulation of the bulbar reticular
      formation (BRF) and sent axons directly to the BRF. In comparison with type I
      neurons, most type II neurons had smaller ellipsoidpolygonal somata (mean, 40.2
      microns), thinner axons (average diameter, 2.32 microns), and smaller, slightly
      oblate dendritic fields. The mean anteroposterior extent of the dendritic field
      was 1,264 microns; the mean mediolateral extent was 1,511 microns; and the mean
      dorsoventral extent was 1,226 microns. Also in contrast to type I neurons, 36% of
      type II neurons had axon collaterals.

PMID- 3356805
TI  - Distribution and development of VIP immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord of
      the embryonic and newly hatched chick.
AB  - The distribution and development of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      immunoreactive elements were studied in the spinal cord of embryonic and newly
      hatched chicks with the indirect immunofluorescence method. VIP neurons were
      first detectable in the presumed dorsal horn at stages 27-28 (incubation day 5).
      Subsequently they increased in number, and by stage 39 (day 12) many occurred in
      lamina I, in the nucleus of the dorsolateral funiculus, and in the lateral
      portion of the neck of the dorsal horn throughout the cord. However, at the
      thoracic level many were also situated lateral to the central canal, with their
      processes running to the ipsilateral lateral and contralateral ventral funiculi.
      The pattern described above remained visible in both embryonic and colchicine
      pretreated newly hatched chicks. During development, VIP fibers appeared later
      than cell bodies. In the gray matter, they were mainly scattered in the
      intermediate zone, especially around the central canal at all levels examined. In
      the white matter, however, longitudinal fibers were observed in the lateral
      funiculus throughout the cord, but mostly at the cervical level, though some also
      occurred in the ventral funiculus. This finding supports the idea that spinal VIP
      neurons might project rostrally via the lateral funiculus. In addition, no VIP
      immunoreactivity was found in the spinal ganglia, but examination of the
      sympathetic paravertebral ganglia showed immunoreactivity as described by others.

PMID- 3356806
TI  - Postembryonic development of the dorsal ocellus of the American cockroach.
AB  - Postembryonic development of the dorsal ocellus of the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana was examined. Small ocelli (20 micron in diameter) with less than 100
      cells in the newly hatched nymph become adult ocelli (more than 500 micron in
      diameter) with more than 10,000 retinular cells, through ten to 11 nymphal
      stages. Thus, sequential steps of morphogenesis of rhabdomeres from loose
      interdigitations of apposed cell membranes to regularly arranged microvilli can
      be seen in the nymphal ocelli. Some retinular axons appear to extend into the
      brain as a bundle in the first-instar nymph. Retinular axons differentiated later
      also extend toward the brain, but there is no evidence that they enter it. The
      ultrastructure of the ocellus and component analysis of the ocellar
      electroretinogram suggest that functional connections between retinular axons and
      ocellar interneurons do not occur in the ocellar capsule until mid (the fifth or
      sixth)-instar nymphs. The ocellar diameter increases linearly with increase in
      body length during the nymphal stages, but it increases by a factor of 1.5-2.0
      during the final molting: the body length of the adult is almost the same as that
      of the last-instar nymph. These data suggest that the function of the dorsal
      ocelli may be closely related to specific adult behavior such as flight.

PMID- 3356807
TI  - Postnatal development of interstitial (subplate) cells in the white matter of the
      temporal cortex of kittens: a correlated Golgi and electron microscopic study.
AB  - The early postnatal development of interstitial cells (IC) in the white matter of
      the temporal cortex in kittens was studied. Counts in Nissl-stained preparations
      show that the number of IC diminishes by about 60% during the second postnatal
      week. In Golgi preparations, IC are bipolar or bitufted with long, beaded
      dendrites coursing in the white matter toward the ventricular surface. Ascending,
      shorter dendrites are thinner, often branch in a short bush, and possess long
      spines resembling filopodia. The majority of their axons descend in the white
      matter, emitting numerous recurrent collaterals that become ascending fibers
      reaching various cortical layers. Most IC resemble inverted pyramidal cells. They
      appear well developed at the time of birth and continue to develop elaborate
      axonal complexes in the white matter of older animals. Electron microscopic
      observations of degenerating IC were detected in all cases studied and their
      presence was related to the existence of cell death responsible for elimination
      of a fraction of IC. They were recognized by their dark aspect and by dilations
      of the endoplasmic reticulum. Synapses contacting degenerating profiles were also
      observed. It is concluded that IC belong to the population of early generated
      subplate cells which may have a transient function involved in certain
      morphogenetic events during the development of the cortical plate. Some persist
      in the adult where they can be recognized as IC of the white matter.

PMID- 3356808
TI  - Morphology of the caudal spinal cord in Rana (Ranidae) and Xenopus (Pipidae)
      tadpoles.
AB  - Using a variety of neuroanatomical and histological techniques, we compare the
      spinal cord and peripheral nerve distribution in the tails of larvae from Xenopus
      laevis and three species of Rana. The relatively large, postsacral spinal cord of
      Xenopus contains abundant motoneurons and their axons. Spinal nerves exit from
      the spinal cord in a regular array, one nerve per myotome, from the cervical
      region to near the end of the tail. Somata of motoneurons innervating caudal
      myotomes are found along the entire length of the tail. In contrast, the caudal
      cord of Rana is reduced to a filum terminale consisting of little more than an
      ependymal tube; spinal nerves to all caudal myotomes leave the cord in the sacral
      region and reach their motor targets via a cauda equina and caudal plexus.
      Motoneuron cell bodies innervating caudal myotomes are found only in the sacral
      region. The Rana larval pattern is similar to that of adult frogs and mammals,
      whereas the Xenopus larval pattern is more like that of salamanders and reptiles.
      These gross neuroanatomical differences are not due to differences in the size or
      developmental stage of the tadpoles, but instead are associated with differences
      in the swimming behavior of the larvae. The presence of motoneurons in the caudal
      spinal cord of Xenopus may provide local intermyotomal control within the tail;
      the elongated topography of the cord appears to permit finer, rostral-to-caudal
      regulation of neuromuscular activity. The Rana spinal cord, on the other hand-
      with motoneurons clustered anteriorly--may produce concurrent firing of adjacent
      ipsilateral myotomes, but at the expense of fine intermyotomal regulation. The
      fact that nerves in the tail of Xenopus enter and exit from the spinal cord
      locally, as opposed to far anteriorly as in Rana, means that for tadpoles of the
      same size, reflex arc lengths are many times shorter in Xenopus.

PMID- 3356809
TI  - Do axons grow during adulthood? A study of caliber and microtubules of sural
      nerve axons in young, mature, and aging rats.
AB  - Calibers and microtubules of sural nerve axons were studied in young (6-week
      old), mature (14-week-old), and aging (2-year-old) rats. The mean cross-sectional
      area of nonmedullated fibers was about 0.50 micron 2 (range: 0.47-0.52) in the
      three age groups. Their caliber spectra were also similar. In contrast,
      myelinated axons grew from 6.6 to 16.7 micron 2 between the sixth and 14th week
      of age. The increase of cross-sectional area was greater, the greater the initial
      caliber of axon (range 44-154%). No further change of caliber was observed in the
      aging rat. The cross-sectional area of nerve allotted per myelinated fiber was
      42, 66, and 97 micron 2 in young, mature, and aging rats, respectively. The
      fraction of nerve tissue occupied by the axoplasm, though, did not change
      substantially; it was 20, 28, and 21%, respectively. The microtubular density of
      3-micron myelinated axons had a general average of 21 microtubules/micron 2.
      Differences between groups were not significant. In nonmedullated fibers, the
      microtubular density decreased as the size of the axon increased. No differences
      were observed between age groups. We conclude that nonmedullated fibers of the
      sural nerve stop growing before the sixth week whereas myelinated fibers keep
      growing until the 14th week of age. The correlation between microtubular content
      and axonal caliber is a lifelong feature of axons.

PMID- 3356810
TI  - Morphological diversity of displaced retinal ganglion cells in the rat: a lucifer
      yellow study.
AB  - Displaced retinal ganglion cells (DRGCs) were retrogradely labelled by injections
      of the fluorescent dye Fast Blue into the superior colliculi of pigmented rats.
      Following fixation these cells were intracellularly injected with Lucifer Yellow
      to determine their dendritic morphology and distribution. Graphic reconstruction
      of Lucifer Yellow-filled prelabelled neurones revealed a heterogeneous population
      of DRGCs. Their stratification within the inner plexiform layer was diverse and
      cells were classified according to their dendritic morphology. The present sample
      consists largely of unistratifying neurones, the dendrites of which arborized
      within a narrow sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. They were characterized
      by a centrally located soma and densely branched dendritic network with little
      overlap within the branching pattern. In contrast, bistratifying DRGCs possessed
      a loose and sparsely branched dendritic structure, while diffusely stratifying
      neurones contained a high degree of dendritic crossing, culminating in a complex
      network, in which the soma position was biased toward the periphery. One type of
      DRGC bore a striking resemblance to type 1 neurones (Perry, 1979; Proc. R. Soc.
      Lond. [Biol.] 204:363-375) in the ganglion cell layer. They were characterized by
      a large soma (15.5 micron +/- 2.2 micron s.d.) and a dendritic field diameter
      averaging 288 micron (s.d. +/- 62 micron) and were on average larger than the
      rest of the displaced population but smaller than type 1 cells in the ganglion
      cell layer. Since the stratification patterns of the displaced and nondisplaced
      type 1 neurones were indistinguishable, it is reasonable to assume that the
      Lucifer Yellow-filled cells in the present study represent the displaced
      counterpart of regular type 1 ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356811
TI  - Simulation of auditory-neural transduction: further studies.
AB  - A computational model of mechanical to neural transduction at the hair cell
      auditory-nerve synapse is presented. It produces a stream of events (spikes) that
      are precisely located in time in response to an arbitrary stimulus and is
      intended for use as an input to automatic speech recognition systems as well as a
      contribution to the theory of the origin of auditory-nerve spike activity. The
      behavior of the model is compared to data from animal studies in the following
      tests: (a) rate-intensity functions for adapted and unadapted responding; (b) two
      component short-term adaptation; (c) frequency-limited phase locking of events;
      (d) additivity of responding following stimulus-intensity increases and
      decreases; (e) recovery of spontaneous activity following stimulus offset; and
      (f) recovery of ability to respond to a second stimulus following offset of a
      first stimulus. The behavior of the model compares well with empirical data but
      discrepancies in tests (d) and (f) point to the need for further development.
      Additional functions that have been successfully simulated in previous tests
      include realistic interspike-interval histograms for silence and intense
      sinusoidal stimuli, realistic poststimulus period histograms at various
      intensities and nonmonotonic functions relating incremental and decremental
      responses to background stimulus intensity. The model is computationally
      convenient and well suited to use in automatic recognition devices that use
      models of the peripheral auditory system as input devices. It is particularly
      well suited to devices that require stimulus phase information to be preserved at
      low frequencies.

PMID- 3356812
TI  - Three-dimensional acoustic waves in the ear canal and their interaction with the
      tympanic membrane.
AB  - The long and slender geometry of the ear canal supports an infinite number of
      cross-sectional acoustic modes. The lower mode(s) travel along the length of the
      ear canal, while the higher modes are trapped near the ends of the canal. Many of
      these waves are introduced as a result of the complex vibrational shape of the
      eardrum. A three-dimensional mathematical model of the ear canal is formulated
      that includes this acoustic interaction. The coupled system is solved using
      matched asymptotic expansions that take advantage of the small slenderness ratio.
      This solution in the ear canal is in the form of a series of modes, the first
      being the plane-wave solution. As an illustrative example, the analysis is
      applied to a geometry that partially represents the ear canal and eardrum of a
      cat. The results indicate that the plane-wave solution is supplemented by
      multidimensional trapped modes at low frequencies and by a limited number of
      traveling waves at high frequencies. The magnitude of these higher modes
      generally increases with frequency and can significantly influence the acoustic
      coupling of the ear.

PMID- 3356813
TI  - Masked cochlear whole-nerve response intensity functions altered by electrical
      stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle.
AB  - Cochlear whole-nerve response (CAP) intensity functions were recorded from the
      guinea pig round window. The intensity functions were obtained in the presence of
      masking noise, with electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle
      (COCB), and the combination of masking noise and COCB stimulation. Electrical
      stimulation of the COCB produced the expected reduction of CAP magnitude for low-
      to moderate-intensity tone bursts. Masking noise produced reductions in CAP
      magnitude over the whole signal intensity range used in this study. The
      combination of electrical stimulation of the COCB with the masking noise produced
      CAP magnitude changes graded between reduction and enhancement dependent on
      signal and masker levels. In general, at low signal levels, the masked CAP
      magnitude is reduced compared to the masked alone condition. At high signal
      levels, the masked CAP is increased in magnitude. These results confirm and
      extend the earlier observations of Nieder and Nieder [Exp. Neurol. 28, 174-188
      (1970); also, Nature 227, 184-185 (1970)].

PMID- 3356814
TI  - Gap detection with sinusoids and noise in normal, impaired, and electrically
      stimulated ears.
AB  - Thresholds for the detection of temporal gaps were measured using two types of
      signals to mark the gaps: bandpass-filtered noises and sinusoids. The first
      experiment used seven subjects with relatively flat unilateral moderate cochlear
      hearing loss. The normal ear of each subject was tested both at the same sound
      pressure level (SPL) as the impaired ear, and at the same sensation level (SL).
      Background noise was used to mask spectral "splatter" associated with the gap.
      For the noise markers, gap thresholds tended to be larger for the impaired ears
      than for the normal ears when the comparison was made at equal SPL; the
      difference was reduced, but not eliminated, when the comparison was made at equal
      SL. Gap thresholds for both the normal and impaired ears decreased as the center
      frequency increased from 0.5 to 2.0 kHz. For the sinusoidal markers, gap
      thresholds were often similar for the normal and impaired ears when tested at
      equal SPL, and were larger for the normal ears when tested at equal SL. Gap
      thresholds did not change systematically with frequency. Gap thresholds using
      sinusoidal markers were smaller than those using noise markers. In the second
      experiment, three subjects with single-channel cochlear implants were tested. Gap
      thresholds for noise bands tended to increase with increasing center frequency
      when the noise bandwidth was fixed, and to decrease with increasing bandwidth
      when the center frequency was fixed. Gap thresholds for sinusoids did not change
      with center frequency, but decreased markedly with increasing level. Gap
      thresholds for sinusoids were considerably smaller than those for noise
      bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356815
TI  - The shape of the ear's temporal window.
AB  - This article examines the idea that the temporal resolution of the auditory
      system can be modeled using a temporal window (an intensity weighting function)
      analogous to the auditory filter measured in the frequency domain. To estimate
      the shape of the hypothetical temporal window, threshold was measured for a brief
      sinusoidal signal presented in a temporal gap between two bursts of noise. The
      duration of the gap was systematically varied and the signal was placed both
      symmetrically and asymmetrically within the gap. The data were analyzed by
      assuming that the temporal window had the form of a simple mathematical
      expression with a small number of free parameters. The values of the parameters
      were adjusted to give the best fit to the data. The analysis assumed that, for
      each condition, the temporal window was centered at the time giving the highest
      signal-to-masker ratio, and that threshold corresponded to a fixed ratio of
      signal energy to masker energy at the output of the window. The data were fitted
      well by modeling each side of the window as the sum of two rounded-exponential
      functions. The window was highly asymmetric, having a shallower slope for times
      before the center than for times after. The equivalent rectangular duration (ERD)
      of the window was typically about 8 ms. The ERD increased slightly when the
      masker level was decreased, but did not differ significantly for signal
      frequencies of 500 and 2000 Hz. The temporal-window model successfully accounts
      for the data from a variety of experiments measuring temporal resolution.
      However, it fails to predict certain aspects of forward masking and of the
      detection of amplitude modulation at high rates.

PMID- 3356816
TI  - Detectability of tonal signals with changing interaural phase differences in
      noise.
AB  - Detectability of binaurally presented 400- and 800-Hz tonal signals was
      investigated in an adaptive, two-interval forced-choice experiment. A continuous
      3150-Hz low-pass noise masker was presented either diotically (No), interaurally
      uncorrelated (NU), or interaurally phase-reversed (N pi), at an overall level of
      70 dB SPL. Signal duration was either 100 or 1000 ms. The interaural phase
      difference (IAPD) of the signal was either fixed (0 degree-180 degrees) or time
      varying (slightly different frequencies were presented to the two ears). The
      range of interaural phase variations was selected to yield the same varying
      interaural temporal differences that would be produced if real auditory targets
      moved through various arcs in the horizontal plane. In no case was a signal with
      varying IAPD any more (or less) detectable than would be expected from averaging
      subjects' performance in the corresponding fixed-IAPD conditions through which
      the variation occurred. However, in detecting these signals, subjects placed
      relatively more weight on the temporal central portion than on either the onset
      or offset. It is proposed that this weighting effect is based on two factors: (1)
      the signal's 20-ms rise-decay time (i.e., the onset and offset receive less
      binaural weight because of monaural attenuation); and (2) the very low-pass
      filtering effected by the binaural system, which results in some minimum time
      required for it to become "fully engaged." Another finding was that signal
      detectability became gradually worse as the antiphasic moment in a varying-IAPD
      signal was moved from the temporal midpoint toward the onset. No evidence was
      found that a signal's onset and offset were weighted differently in a binaural
      signal detection task.

PMID- 3356817
TI  - Binaural unmasking in infants.
AB  - Localization responses to a broadband noise signal presented against a broadband
      noise masker were obtained from 12-month-old infants and adults. Two
      loudspeakers, one to the left and one to the right of the listener, continuously
      presented identical broadband maskers. On a trial, a broadband signal was added
      to one of the loudspeakers. Subjects were required to identify the loudspeaker
      producing the signal. Noise signals were either coherent (from the same noise
      generator) or incoherent (from an independent noise generator). Both infants and
      adults found it easier to locate the incoherent signals even when the two types
      of signals were adjusted to produce equal increments in power. Since monaural
      performance, after this adjustment, should be equivalent for the two cases,
      superior performance for incoherent signals implies that binaural processing is
      involved. The same result was observed in control experiments in which coherent
      and incoherent signals were presented over earphones to adults. These results
      suggest that the mechanisms responsible for binaural unmasking are operative by
      12 months of age.

PMID- 3356818
TI  - Auditory temporal acuity in relation to category boundaries; speech and nonspeech
      stimuli.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the underlying resolving power of the
      auditory system for temporal changes at the onset of speech and nonspeech
      stimuli. Stimulus sets included a bilabial VOT continuum and an analogous
      nonspeech continuum similar to the "noise-buzz" stimuli used by Miller et al. [J.
      Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 410-417 (1976)]. The main difference between these and
      earlier experiments was that efforts were made to minimize both the trial-to
      trial stimulus uncertainty and the cognitive load inherent in some of the testing
      procedures. Under conditions of minimal psychophysical uncertainty, not only does
      discrimination performance improve overall, but the local maximum, usually
      interpreted as evidence of categorical perception, is eliminated. Instead,
      discrimination performance for voice onset time (VOT) or noise lead time (NLT) is
      very accurate for short onset times and generally decreases with increasing onset
      time. This result suggests that "categorization" of familiar sounds is not the
      result of a psychoacoustic threshold (as Miller et al. have suggested) but rather
      of processing at a more central level of the auditory system.

PMID- 3356819
TI  - Coarticulatory influences on the perceived height of nasal vowels.
AB  - Certain of the complex spectral effects of vowel nasalization bear a resemblance
      to the effects of modifying the tongue or jaw position with which the vowel is
      produced. Perceptual evidence suggests that listener misperceptions of nasal
      vowel height arise as a result of this resemblance. Whereas previous studies
      examined isolated nasal vowels, this research focused on the role of phonetic
      context in shaping listeners' judgments of nasal vowel height. Identification
      data obtained from native American English speakers indicated that nasal coupling
      does not necessarily lead to listener misperceptions of vowel quality when the
      vowel's nasality is coarticulatory in nature. The perceived height of
      contextually nasalized vowels (in a [bVnd] environment) did not differ from that
      of oral vowels (in a [bVd] environment) produced with the same tongue-jaw
      configuration. In contrast, corresponding noncontextually nasalized vowels (in a
      [bVd] environment) were perceived as lower in quality than vowels in the other
      two conditions. Presumably the listeners' lack of experience with distinctive
      vowel nasalization prompted them to resolve the spectral effects of noncontextual
      nasalization in terms of tongue or jaw height, rather than velic height. The
      implications of these findings with respect to sound changes affecting nasal
      vowel height are also discussed.

PMID- 3356820
TI  - Validity of linear acoustics for prediction of waveforms caused by sonically
      moving laser beams.
AB  - The question is raised as to whether the analysis of the generation of sound by a
      laser beam moving over a water surface at the sound speed c for an interminable
      time period requires consideration of nonlinear effects. A principal
      consideration in this regard is whether the linear acoustics theory predicts a
      pressure waveform that is bounded in the asymptotic limit when the laser
      irradiation time is arbitrarily large. It is shown that a bounded asymptotic
      limit exists when the upper boundary condition corresponds (as is more nearly
      appropriate) to that of a pressure release surface, but not when it corresponds
      to that of a rigid surface. The asymptotic solution to the appropriate
      inhomogeneous wave equation is given exactly for the former case, and it is shown
      that the highest asymptotic amplitudes, given specified laser power and beam
      radius a, occur in the limit of a very small light absorption coefficient mu. In
      this limit, the peak amplitude is independent of mu and occurs at a depth of
      0.88/mu. An approximate solution for the pressure waveform at intermediate times
      establishes that the characteristic time for buildup to the asymptotic limit is
      of the order of 2.5/(c mu 2a). If this time is substantially shorter than the
      time that a plane-wave pulse with the asymptotic waveform would take to develop a
      shock wave, then accumulative nonlinear effects are of minor importance.

PMID- 3356822
TI  - The 115th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Seattle, Washington, 16
      20 May 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3356821
TI  - Evaluation of vertical vibration given to the human foot.
AB  - The effects of acceleration amplitudes and frequencies of vertical foot vibration
      on mechanical and sensation responses were studied in two sets of experiments.
      The first experiments determined the mechanical characteristics of the foot in
      three seated subjects at frequencies between 5 and 1000 Hz, in terms of the
      driving point mechanical impedances and acceleration transmission ratios between
      the foot and lower leg. In the second set of experiments, sensation scales for
      foot vibrations were determined in ten seated subjects at octave center
      frequencies between 8 and 400 Hz, which involved equal sensations of continuous
      and impulsive motions, sensation magnitudes, and rating of five successive
      categories of sinusoidal motion. Contours of mechanical and sensational responses
      are presented. Using the results obtained, a foot response meter was made and
      used in a field survey to evaluate foot vibration.

PMID- 3356823
TI  - Exercise echocardiography.

PMID- 3356824
TI  - Use of exercise Doppler echocardiography to evaluate cardiac drugs: effects of
      propranolol and verapamil on aortic blood flow velocity and acceleration.
AB  - This study evaluated the ability of exercise Doppler echocardiography to identify
      hemodynamic changes due to cardiac medication. Twenty young healthy volunteers
      (mean age 30 years) underwent continuous wave Doppler examination from the
      suprasternal notch at rest, during each stage of a standard exercise protocol and
      immediately after exercise. On completion of the control test, each subject
      received either 60 to 80 mg of propranolol or 120 mg of verapamil orally, and the
      same exercise protocol was repeated after 90 min. During the control test, values
      for modal velocity, acceleration and flow velocity integral all increased
      significantly from baseline (p less than 0.0002 for each). When exercise was
      repeated after propranolol administration, values for all Doppler measurements
      were significantly altered. Modal velocity at baseline was significantly lower
      after propranolol when compared with control (0.53 +/- 0.11 versus 0.63 +/- 0.17
      m/s; p less than 0.0001). Similarly, modal velocity at maximal exercise was
      significantly lower after propranolol (1.11 +/- 0.2 versus 1.25 +/- 0.21 m/s; p
      less than 0.0001). The effect of propranolol on acceleration was even greater,
      with blunting of baseline (11.4 +/- 2 versus 15.4 +/- 5 m/s per s; p less than
      0.0005) and exertional (33.4 +/- 10 versus 56.3 +/- 15 m/s per s; p less than
      0.0001) acceleration. The flow velocity integral during exercise was greater
      after propranolol (14.1 +/- 3.1 versus 10.1 +/- 3.2 cm; p less than 0.0005) than
      during the control test. Verapamil failed to influence any Doppler-measured index
      of aortic blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356825
TI  - The significance of echocardiographic-Doppler studies in cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3356826
TI  - Modulation of an idioventricular rhythm by vagal tone.
AB  - A 28 year old man with a stable permanent idioventricular rhythm of 80 to 85
      beats/min, with all the characteristics of a pacemaker, is described. This
      pacemaker was slowed by maneuvers that enhanced vagal tone, including carotid
      sinus massage, the postrelease phase of the Valsalva maneuver and phenylephrine.
      The pacemaker was also slowed by a cholinesterase inhibitor (edrophonium
      hydrochloride) and accelerated by a muscarinic receptor blocking drug (hyoscine
      butylbromide). The actions of these maneuvers and agents were independent of
      sympathetic tone as propranolol pretreatment did not alter their effects.
      Similarly, propranolol did not affect the pacemaker rate. The pacemaker was not
      dependent on a slow inward current because verapamil did not affect its rate. The
      pacemaker accelerated in response to increased sympathetic tone induced by
      exercise and upright tilting and to the adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. The
      pacemaker was localized to the high posterior septal region of the left ventricle
      underneath the mitral valve. This report describes in a man an idioventicular
      pacemaker that is innervated by sympathetic and vagal fibers and responsive to
      alterations in tone of both limbs of the autonomic nervous system. It offers the
      first clear proof that a ventricular pacemaker can be innervated and controlled
      by the vagus nerve and provides its location.

PMID- 3356827
TI  - Protective effect of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist anipamil on the
      ischemic-reperfused rat myocardium: a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance
      study.
AB  - To assess whether the prophylactic administration of anipamil, a new calcium
      antagonist, protects the heart against the effects of ischemia and reperfusion,
      rats were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days with 5 mg/kg body
      weight of this drug. The heart was then isolated and perfused by the Langendorff
      technique. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to
      monitor myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH during control
      perfusion and 30 min of total ischemia (37 degrees C), followed by 30 min of
      reperfusion. Pretreatment with anipamil altered neither left ventricular
      developed pressure under normoxic conditions nor the rate and extent of depletion
      of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate during ischemia.
      Intracellular acidification, however, was attenuated. On reperfusion, hearts from
      anipamil-pretreated animals recovered significantly better than untreated hearts
      with respect to replenishment of ATP and creatine phosphate stores, restitution
      of low levels of intracellular inorganic phosphate and recovery of left
      ventricular function and coronary flow. Intracellular pH recovered rapidly to
      preischemic levels, whereas in untreated hearts a complex intracellular inorganic
      phosphate peak indicated the existence of areas of different pH within the
      myocardium. It is concluded that anipamil pretreatment protects the heart against
      some of the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion. Because this
      protection occurred in the absence of a negative inotropic effect during
      normoxia, it cannot be attributed to an energy-sparing effect during ischemia.
      Therefore, alternative mechanisms of action are to be considered.

PMID- 3356828
TI  - Cellular electrophysiologic responses of isolated neonatal and adult cardiac
      fibers to d-sotalol.
AB  - The short-term cellular electrophysiologic actions of d-sotalol on isolated
      neonatal and adult canine ventricular myocardium and Purkinje fibers were
      evaluated using standard microelectrode techniques. d-Sotalol, 10(-6) to 10(-4)M,
      had no effects on action potential amplitude, maximal diastolic potential or
      action potential upstroke velocity (Vmax) in any neonatal or adult preparation.
      In five adult myocardial preparations, d-sotalol produced concentration-dependent
      increases in action potential duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% (APD90)
      repolarization and effective refractory period. In six neonatal myocardial
      preparations, d-sotalol produced a biphasic response; APD50, APD90 and effective
      refractory period decreased at 10(-6) and 10(-5)M. At 10(-4)M, these values
      increased significantly but to a lesser extent compared with values in adults. In
      seven adult Purkinje fibers, d-Sotalol significantly increased APD50, APD90 and
      effective refractory period in a concentration-dependent manner. All six neonatal
      Purkinje fibers responded in a biphasic manner, with values for APD50, APD90 and
      effective refractory period being less than control at 10(-6)M and near control
      values at 10(-5)M. At 10(-4)M, these variables were significantly increased, but
      to a lesser extent than in adult preparations. Our data confirm the typical class
      III effects of d-sotalol in adult cardiac tissues. The shortening of
      repolarization and refractoriness at lower drug concentrations in developing
      cardiac tissues may relate to age-dependent differences in cellular ionic
      function and basic electrophysiology.

PMID- 3356829
TI  - Effects of distant potentials on unipolar electrograms in an animal model
      utilizing the right ventricular isolation procedure.
AB  - The effects of distant potentials on local epicardial unipolar electrograms were
      examined utilizing a model that enabled both ventricles to be paced independently
      in five dogs. The right ventricular isolation procedure electrically isolates the
      right from the left ventricle. Right ventricular electrograms were separated into
      their local (right ventricular) and distant (left ventricular) components by
      altering the left-right ventricular pacing interval. Waveform configuration, peak
      to peak amplitude, magnitude of the slope and timing of the fastest downstroke
      were carefully evaluated at each electrode site, both with and without the
      presence of distant left ventricular potentials. Except for the timing of the
      fastest downstroke, all of these variables were significantly altered by distant
      potentials. Although the slope of the fastest downstroke was significantly
      affected by distant potentials, it remained a sensitive indicator of local versus
      distant activation. All electrograms of local right ventricular activation had a
      slope magnitude greater than 2.5 mV/2 ms whereas none of the right ventricular
      electrograms containing only distant left ventricular activity had a magnitude
      greater than 2.5 mV/2 ms. Computer-generated electrograms were calculated by
      digitally summing the recorded local right and distant left ventricular
      components. The simulated electrograms correlated well with the recorded
      electrograms during synchronous ventricular pacing. Thus, the configuration,
      amplitude and slope of unipolar electrodes were profoundly influenced by distant
      potentials. The timing of the fastest downstroke is largely independent of the
      effect of distant potentials and most closely represents local activation. The
      magnitude of the slope of the recorded electrogram accurately distinguishes local
      from distant activation.

PMID- 3356831
TI  - Coronary venous retroperfusion.

PMID- 3356830
TI  - Surgical treatment of right atrial focal tachycardia in adults.
AB  - Although successful operative treatment of atrial focal tachycardia has been
      reported in children, there are only isolated reports of surgical treatment of
      this arrhythmia in adults. In this case series of eight patients (aged 10 to 53
      years) with drug-resistant right atrial focal tachycardia, results of
      electrophysiologic studies, surgical techniques and long-term follow-up are
      described. Atrial focal tachycardia was reproduced during electrophysiologic
      study, and endocardial mapping localized the earliest onset of atrial activation
      in the right atrium in all patients. Epicardial mapping confirmed the location of
      atrial tachycardia foci in seven of eight patients whose tachycardia was
      inducible intraoperatively. Of four patients treated with epicardial cryoablation
      alone, two had recurrent tachycardia and required a second procedure. None have
      had arrhythmia recurrence. In all four patients after right atrial excision (two
      of whom had intraoperative recurrence of atrial focal tachycardia after
      epicardial cryoablation alone), there has been no recurrence during a clinical
      follow-up period of 11 to 67 months (mean 30). It is concluded that in adult
      patients 1) electrophysiologic study with endocardial and epicardial mapping
      permits successful surgical treatment of atrial focal tachycardia; 2) epicardial
      cryoablation alone may be associated with recurrence of atrial focal tachycardia
      either intraoperatively or postoperatively; and 3) subtotal right atrial
      resection appears to be a well tolerated procedure with no long-term recurrence
      of atrial focal tachycardia.

PMID- 3356832
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White at risk and propafenone.

PMID- 3356833
TI  - Follow-up findings in mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 3356834
TI  - Clinical and anatomic significance of concomitant ST elevation in inferior and
      anterior leads in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3356835
TI  - Electrocardiogram in right ventricular infarction.

PMID- 3356837
TI  - Timing of aortic valve replacement in chronic aortic valve regurgitation.

PMID- 3356836
TI  - Relations of preoperative hemodynamics and coronary blood flow to improved left
      ventricular function after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation.
AB  - In this study of the limits of reversibility of left ventricular function after
      aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation, measurements were made of pre-
      and postoperative coronary blood flow and left ventricular volumes. Eighteen
      patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement for pure aortic regurgitation
      using the Bjork-Shiley valve or the Bicerval valve were restudied an average of 8
      +/- 3 months after surgery. Postoperative left ventricular end-systolic and end
      diastolic volumes returned to near normal values. The slight left ventricular
      wall thickening apparent before surgery remained unchanged after surgery and,
      consequently, left ventricular mass, though somewhat reduced, remained abnormally
      high. Ejection fraction, which was low preoperatively, returned to normal
      postoperatively. Total coronary sinus blood flow decreased after surgery, but
      coronary sinus blood flow per 100 g of left ventricular mass increased. This
      recovery of coronary flow per unit mass was believed to cause the improvement in
      left ventricular function. A significant correlation was found between
      postoperative systolic function and preoperative left ventricular end-systolic
      and end-diastolic volumes, wall thickness and, especially, left ventricular mass,
      the latter indicating that, if preoperative left ventricular mass is less than
      350 g/m2, postoperative improvement of systolic function is attainable. Another
      significant correlation was indicated by measurements of coronary sinus blood
      flow per 100 g of left ventricular mass. If this is greater than 35 ml/min before
      surgery, a postoperative improvement in systolic function to within the normal
      range may be expected.

PMID- 3356838
TI  - Risk factors and in-hospital course of first episode of myocardial infarction or
      acute coronary insufficiency in women.
AB  - This study examines the risk factor profile, in-hospital course and outcome of
      337 women and 643 men admitted with a first episode of acute coronary
      insufficiency or myocardial infarction. The women were older than the men and had
      a risk factor profile dominated by hypertension and hypercholesterolemia rather
      than smoking. Women had a higher rate of unstable angina than did men after
      adjustment for age distribution. Women with acute infarction showed a higher rate
      of complications, which was associated with their greater age. They had a higher
      in-hospital mortality rate (12.6%) than did men (6.6%, p = 0.002). A logistic
      regression was used to adjust mortality and complication rates for differences in
      age between the sexes. When this was done, women and men had similar in-hospital
      prognoses. It is concluded that differences in risk factor profile may result in
      differences between the sexes in the expression of acute coronary heart disease,
      but that gender as such does not exert an independent influence on short-term
      prognosis in this disease.

PMID- 3356839
TI  - Early changes of right heart geometry after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
AB  - To determine the changes in right heart hemodynamics and geometry early after
      surgery for chronic pulmonary hypertension due to large vessel thromboembolic
      occlusion, 30 patients were evaluated 8 +/- 8 days (mean +/- SD) before and 6 +/-
      4 days after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy by two-dimensional echocardiography
      and right heart catheterization. Surgery resulted in an early significant
      improvement in hemodynamic variables including mean pulmonary artery pressure (48
      +/- 12 to 28 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), right ventricular systolic pressure
      (76 +/- 20 to 47 +/- 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance
      (935 +/- 620 to 278 +/- 252 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.001) and cardiac index
      (2.0 +/- 0.5 to 2.9 +/- 0.6 liters/min per m2, p less than 0.001). Similarly,
      echocardiographic variables of right heart structures, which were well outside
      the normal range preoperatively, improved significantly early after
      thromboendarterectomy. These included diameters of the pulmonary artery (2.8 +/-
      0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.4 cm, p less than 0.001), inferior vena cava (2.9 +/- 0.6 to 2.2
      +/- 0.4 cm, p less than 0.001) and right atrium (6.8 +/- 1.5 to 5.9 +/- 1.5 cm, p
      less than 0.001) as well as right ventricular short axis (4.5 +/- 0.8 to 3.7 +/-
      0.8 cm, p less than 0.001) and long axis (8.7 +/- 0.9 to 8.1 +/- 0.9 cm, p less
      than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356840
TI  - Reflex control of coronary vascular tone by cardiopulmonary receptors in humans.
AB  - To examine whether cardiopulmonary receptors participate in the reflex control of
      coronary vascular resistance, systemic and coronary hemodynamics were assessed
      before and during -10 mm Hg lower body negative pressure in eight normal subjects
      and eight hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. In both study
      groups, lower body negative pressure induced a significant decrease in right
      atrial pressure, left ventricular filling pressure and cardiac output, an
      increase in systemic vascular resistance and no change in mean arterial pressure
      and heart rate. In normal subjects, there was also a significant increase in
      plasma norepinephrine concentration (from 294 +/- 39 to 421 +/- 47 pg/ml, p less
      than 0.01). This increase was accompanied by a reduction in coronary blood flow,
      assessed by the continuous thermodilution method (from 101 +/- 5 to 79 +/- 4
      ml/min, p less than 0.05). An increase in coronary vascular resistance (from
      0.865 +/- 0.1 to 1.107 +/- 0.1 mm Hg/ml per min, p less than 0.05) and in
      myocardial oxygen consumption was detected in normal subjects during
      cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading. In contrast, in hypertensive patients, 
      10 mm Hg lower body negative pressure failed to induce any change in plasma
      norepinephrine, coronary blood flow or vascular resistance. Intravenous
      propranolol administration caused no significant change in the systemic
      hemodynamic response to -10 mm Hg lower body negative pressure in either study
      group, but it did abolish the decrease in coronary flow and the increase in
      plasma norepinephrine, coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen
      consumption observed in normal subjects in control conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356841
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of the effect of atrial pacing-induced
      ischemia on left ventricular filling in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - Very little is known about the effects of acute myocardial ischemia on left
      ventricular filling. Previous studies of these effects have been of limited value
      because they were performed with 1) imaging techniques that, like
      cineventriculography or radionuclide ventriculography, do not allow beat to beat
      monitoring of left ventricular filling throughout the entire ischemic attack; and
      2) exercise, which, even if effective in inducing myocardial ischemia in patients
      with coronary artery disease, also considerably shortens cycle length, thus
      leading to additional nonischemic filling alterations. To overcome these
      limitations, left ventricular filling was studied by means of Doppler
      echocardiographic evaluation of transmitral flow velocities before and
      immediately after rapid atrial pacing in 17 patients. Eight patients had coronary
      artery disease but did not develop ischemia (ST depression greater than or equal
      to 1.5 mm) during atrial pacing (Group 1) whereas nine had coronary artery
      disease and developed ischemia during atrial pacing (Group 2). No differences
      were observed from rest to postpacing in any of the filling variables considered
      in Group 1 patients. In contrast, a significant rearrangement of left ventricular
      filling occurred during ischemia in Group 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3356842
TI  - Detection of pacing-induced myocardial ischemia by endocardial electrograms
      recorded during cardiac catheterization.
AB  - Rapid atrial pacing confirms myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery
      disease when angina is provoked, and is accompanied by an increase in left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In such cases, abnormalities in the surface
      electrocardiogram (ECG) are often not apparent. To enhance detection of
      subendocardial ischemia during rapid atrial pacing, local unipolar electrograms
      were recorded from the tip of a 0.025 in. (0.064 cm) diameter guidewire
      positioned against the endocardial surface of potentially ischemic regions.
      Endocardial electrograms, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and multiple
      surface ECG leads were recorded during rapid atrial pacing in 21 patients with
      coronary artery disease. Before pacing, endocardial electrograms in all 21
      patients were free of ST elevation. Marked ST elevation was apparent in 17 of the
      21 patients after rapid atrial pacing and could be abolished by nitroglycerin.
      Moreover, in several patients, endocardial ST elevation after rapid atrial pacing
      was abolished after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of
      the critically stenosed artery supplying the ischemic region of myocardium. It is
      concluded that ST elevation in the endocardial electrogram after rapid atrial
      pacing is a reflection of myocardial ischemia and may be a sensitive marker of
      pacing-induced ischemia appearing earlier than angina, postpacing increase in
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or ST depression in the surface ECG.

PMID- 3356843
TI  - Exercise echocardiography: detection of coronary artery disease in patients with
      normal left ventricular wall motion at rest.
AB  - Most studies investigating the ability of exercise two-dimensional
      echocardiography to identify patients with coronary artery disease have included
      patients with left ventricular wall motion abnormalities at rest. This has the
      effect of increasing sensitivity because patients with only abnormalities at rest
      are detected. To determine the diagnostic utility of exercise echocardiography in
      patients with normal wall motion at rest, 64 patients were studied with exercise
      echocardiography in conjunction with routine treadmill exercise testing before
      coronary cineangiography. All 24 patients who had no angiographic evidence of
      coronary artery disease had a negative exercise echocardiogram (100%
      specificity). Nine of 40 patients with coronary artery disease (defined as
      greater than or equal to 50% narrowing of at least one major vessel) also had a
      negative exercise echocardiogram (78% sensitivity). Of the nine patients with a
      false negative exercise echocardiographic study, six had single vessel disease.
      Among 25 patients with single vessel disease, exercise echocardiography was
      significantly more sensitive (p = 0.01) than treadmill exercise testing alone (76
      versus 36%, respectively). Among 15 patients with multivessel disease, the two
      tests demonstrated similar sensitivity (80%). In conclusion, exercise
      echocardiography is highly specific and moderately sensitive for the detection of
      coronary artery disease in patients with normal wall motion at rest. Although
      exercise echocardiography is significantly more sensitive than treadmill exercise
      electrocardiographic testing alone in patients with single vessel disease, the
      two tests are similar in their ability to detect coronary artery disease in
      patients with multivessel disease and normal wall motion at rest.

PMID- 3356844
TI  - Jerome Glaser lectureship. The role of food allergy and mediator release in
      atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 3356845
TI  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and the evaluation of the patient with
      asthma.

PMID- 3356846
TI  - Production of a proposed international reference standard Alternaria extract. II.
      Results of a collaborative trial.
AB  - A lyophilized Alternaria extract prepared from a defined eight-strain source
      material was compared with three other Alternaria extracts to assess its
      potential suitability as an international standard (IS). Twenty-two laboratories
      in 12 different countries collaborated. Assay methods included RAST inhibition,
      quantitative immunoelectrophoresis, thin-layer isoelectric focusing, skin
      testing, leukocyte histamine release, and various other methods for thorough
      characterization of the extracts. In addition, three laboratories quantitated
      specific allergen in each extract. The proposed IS extract could be used to
      assign a relative potency to other test extracts. In separate studies, the
      proposed IS extract was demonstrated to be stable for at least 21 months when it
      is stored at -70 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3356847
TI  - Clinical relevance of the substitution of different brands of sustained-release
      theophylline.
AB  - In order to assess whether clinically important changes in serum theophylline
      concentrations occur when patients switch their brand of slow-release (SR)
      theophylline, 10 subjects with asthma were administered the same dose of four
      different SR theophylline formulations for 2-week periods in a random, double
      blinded, crossover manner. Analysis of the data revealed significant differences
      in mean peak-to-trough fluctuations of serum theophylline concentrations between
      the formulations of SR theophylline, which varied from 60% to 106% of trough
      concentration (p less than 0.0001, analysis of variance). On at least one
      occasion in every subject, switching between brands of SR theophylline was
      responsible for raising the serum theophylline concentrations outside the
      accepted therapeutic range, and this was associated with symptoms of toxicity in
      five of the subjects. Worsening pulmonary functions were observed in two of the
      subjects whose switching resulted in lowered theophylline concentrations. Many of
      the formulation-related changes in theophylline concentrations appeared to be
      idiosyncratic and could not be predicted by the overall bioavailability
      differences between the drugs. These results argue against the open substitution
      of these formulations and suggest that if patients are switched between different
      brands of SR theophylline, their serum theophylline concentrations need to be
      closely monitored.

PMID- 3356848
TI  - Text of address given by Dr. Frank E. Young, Commissioner of Food and Drugs at
      the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology, Washington,
      D.C., March 1987.

PMID- 3356849
TI  - Control of house dust mites by electrical heating blankets.
AB  - The contents of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides (D), in 10 beds supplied with
      electrical heating blankets (EHBs) and in 10 control beds were followed for 1
      year. All beds were in regular use during the study period. Dust from mattresses
      and EHBs was collected monthly and analyzed for D by microscopy. Blankets were
      turned on during daytime and were washed every 3 months. For each bed the median
      concentration of D during the entire period was related to initial value. In the
      beds supplied with blankets, the overall median was 52% compared to 122% in the
      control beds (p less than 0.05). The difference between the two groups of beds
      was observed within the first month. Major antigens from D were reduced to 32% in
      the beds supplied with blankets and increased to 120% in the control beds (p less
      than 0.05). Climatic conditions were measured beneath the blanket in a spare bed.
      When beds were covered by eiderdown, temperature was increased by 26 degrees C,
      and the relative humidity was decreased by 24% within 3 hours. In conclusion,
      EHBs appear capable of reducing relative humidity and concentration of house dust
      mites on mattress surfaces.

PMID- 3356850
TI  - Release of leukotrienes in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - To investigate whether leukotrienes (LTs) are released into the bronchial fluid
      of patients with symptomatic asthma, bronchial lavage was carried out in 17
      patients with mild to severe asthma and nine healthy subjects without asthma.
      LTE4 was detected in 15 of the 17 patients with asthma with reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The identify of LTE4 was confirmed by
      ultraviolet spectrometry and by positive ion fast atom-bombardment mass
      spectrometry. LTD4 was found in two patients and 20-OH-LTB4 in 12 patients. No
      LTs were detectable in the lavage fluid from any of the healthy subjects without
      asthma. The finding of LTs in bronchial lavage fluid from the patients with
      asthma despite bronchodilator and/or corticosteroid therapy suggests that these
      compounds may be important in asthma. However, the presence of significant
      quantities of LTE4 in patients with mild asthma requiring only intermittent
      bronchodilator therapy for control and the lack of correlation between LTE4 and
      pulmonary function also suggests that other factors may be important in
      determining the net end organ response. The present study points to the
      importance of studying the whole spectrum of mediators that are released.
      Analysis of bronchial lavage fluid may be useful in determining the relative role
      of these mediators and the effect of pharmacologic intervention.

PMID- 3356851
TI  - Atopic dermatitis and aeroallergen contact sensitivity.
AB  - Atopic dermatitis (AD) may be worsened by ingested foods or contact with
      irritants. We have identified 10 patients (six male and four female subjects,
      aged 1 to 54 years) with AD and contact sensitivity to a variety of
      aeroallergens. Marked improvement in skin symptomatology was noted when these
      patients were removed from their usual environment. The patients had markedly
      positive immediate wheal-and-flare reactions to a variety of aeroallergen
      extracts in response to prick tests and were subsequently patch tested on
      uninvolved skin with aeroallergen extracts (1:20 wt/vol, 50% glycerine) that
      elicited positive prick tests. Patch tests were applied for 48 hours, removed,
      and then were interpreted 24 hours later. Fifty percent glycerine was used as a
      negative control. Significant delayed cutaneous responses to a variety of
      aeroallergens were noted: house dust mite, tree, grass and weed pollens, animal
      danders, and various molds. Positive delayed cutaneous responses correlated
      strongly with aeroallergens identified in the patient's environment and/or
      suspected by the patients as provocateurs of their AD. Delayed cutaneous
      reactions were negative to aeroallergens not historically relevant to their AD.
      We conclude that aeroallergen contact may play an important role in selected
      patients with AD. The demonstration of immediate and delayed cutaneous responses
      in AD suggests both IgE and cell-mediated hypersensitivity as contributory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3356852
TI  - Antibodies IgG, IgA, and IgM to food antigens during the first 18 months of life
      in relation to feeding and development of atopic disease.
AB  - Serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against ovalbumin, beta
      lactoglobulin, and gliadin were measured in a series of 210 "allergy-risk"
      infants and their mothers. The antibody levels were determined with ELISA in sera
      obtained from mothers at delivery, and from their babies at birth, 6 weeks, 6
      months, and 18 months. High levels of maternal IgG, IgA, or IgM antibodies to
      food at delivery did not appear to protect the baby against development of atopic
      disease. Maternal avoidance of cow's milk and egg during pregnancy had no
      significant influence on the level of food antibodies in cord blood, but the
      mother's intake of these foods during lactation affected the immunologic response
      of the baby, not only to these antigens but also to gliadin as well. Babies with
      minimal cow's milk exposure before 6 months had significantly lower levels of IgG
      to beta-lactoglobulin than babies regularly exposed to cow's milk. We conclude
      that maternal elimination diet during lactation influences the immunologic
      response of the baby, but if this prevents the development of atopic disease or
      just delays the immunologic maturation remains to be evaluated.

PMID- 3356853
TI  - Measurement of circulating IgG and IgE food-immune complexes.

PMID- 3356854
TI  - Erythema nodosum.

PMID- 3356855
TI  - The eye of the beholder.

PMID- 3356856
TI  - The female vanguard.

PMID- 3356857
TI  - Product liability reform.

PMID- 3356858
TI  - Students aid battered women.

PMID- 3356859
TI  - The dilemma of the female physician in the feminist health center.

PMID- 3356860
TI  - The grief of a mother/physician on the death of her infant.

PMID- 3356861
TI  - Virginity and celibacy as health issues.

PMID- 3356862
TI  - The effects of amrinone, cyclophosphamide and anti-platelet serum on platelet
      production in the Gunn rat.
AB  - The effect of amrinone on platelet production was differentiated from that of a
      known bone-marrow cytotoxic agent (cyclophosphamide) and anti-platelet serum
      (APS). The rate of platelet production has been observed over a 4-day period in
      the Gunn rat using [75Se]selenomethionine cohort labelling of platelets following
      administration of either amrinone, 160 mg kg-1 day-1, cyclophosphamide, 30 mg kg
      1 day-1 or APS, 0.75 ml. Platelet numbers were reduced by amrinone,
      cyclophosphamide and APS. The rate of platelet production was increased following
      APS and suppressed by cyclophosphamide, but the rate of platelet production when
      expressed as the selenomethionine incorporation in counts per minute (cpm) per
      10(8) platelets appeared to be increased in amrinone-treated animals. When these
      values are expressed as radioactivity per unit platelet volume the difference
      between the control and the amrinone-treated group was reduced but the difference
      between the control, APS- and cyclophosphamide-treated groups remained unchanged.
      It is concluded that in the Gunn rat amrinone affects platelet production by
      producing fewer, larger platelets.

PMID- 3356863
TI  - Acute and neurotoxicity of two structurally related acetylenic compounds: 5,7,11
      dodecatriyn-1-ol and 5,7,11,13-octadecatetrayne-1,18-diol.
AB  - Two structurally related acetylenic compounds, 5,7,11-Dodecatriyn-1-ol, (Compound
      A), and 5,7,11,13-Octadecatetrayne-1,18-Diol (Compound B), were evaluated in a
      tier I toxicology testing program as part of an ongoing research and development
      program. This battery of acute tests included acute oral, guinea pig
      maximization, photosensitization, dermal irritation, Ames and multiple genetic
      endpoint and a 2 week oral fetotoxicity study. Compound A was found to have an
      oral LD50 of 0.25 ml/kg, be an extreme dermal sensitizer, a mild dermal irritant
      (PDII of 1.7), and not mutagenic or fetotoxic in the tests employed. Compound B
      had an oral LD50 greater than 4 g/kg, was a moderate dermal sensitizer and mild
      dermal irritant (PDII of 1.4), was not mutagenic in the Ames test but weakly
      increased the incidence of SCEs and gene mutations in Chinese Hamster Ovary
      cells, and was not fetotoxic. Neither compound was found to be a photosensitizer,
      but during the course of the photosensitization study Compound A was found to
      cause neuromuscular signs (including hind limb paralysis) and a bilateral
      necrosis of the medulla oblongata in female guinea pigs. A similar lesion was
      found in female rats receiving a single oral dose of 0.25 ml/kg and in
      nonpregnant females dosed daily for two weeks at 0.03 ml/kg. Compound B was not
      found to produce any of these neurologic effects.

PMID- 3356864
TI  - Comparative studies on nephrotoxic effects of tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
      and bis (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate on rat urinary metabolites.
AB  - The mechanism of Tris-BP or Bis-BP (a metabolite of Tris-BP) induced
      nephrotoxicity was investigated by determining urinary excretion of enzymes and
      selected metabolites. Rats received single oral doses of 0, 71.7, 143.4 and 286.8
      mumol/kg tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP) or bis (2,3-dibromopropyl)
      phosphate (Bis-BP). Urine was collected over a 24 h period and subjected to
      biochemical examinations. Comparative studies on Tris-BP- and Bis-BP-induced
      nephrotoxicities were carried out for abnormal patterns of urinary excretion. The
      urinary excretion of glucose was higher in Bis-BP than Tris-BP at a dose of 143.4
      mumol/kg, but this pattern reversed at a dose of 286.8 mumol/kg. Peak lactate
      excretion occurred later than peak glucose excretion with 143.4 and 286.8
      mumol/kg Tris BP and 143.4 mumol/kg Bis-BP. Bis-BP 286.8 mumol/kg caused a
      transient urinary elevation of lactate on Day 2. Uric acid was excreted at higher
      levels for Bis-BP than Tris-BP on day 2 of urine collection. Activities of
      urinary enzymes including alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and
      gamma-glutamyltransferase, were different on the first day of post-treatment for
      Tris-BP and Bis-BP. Leucine aminopeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase levels
      differed on the second day. Activities of the former enzymes on the day 2 urine
      suggested a transformation of Tris-BP to Bis-BP. Urinary patterns of lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH-1-LDH-5) were different between Tris-BP and Bis-BP
      when rats were treated with the dose of 286.8 mumol/kg: Tris-BP caused a higher
      excretion of LDH-4 and LDH-5 in urine on day 1 and all five isoenzymes into the
      day 2 urine. Bis-BP caused slightly higher excretion of LDH-5 and LDH-4 into the
      day 1 and 3 urine, respectively. Bis-BP but not Tris-BP caused abnormally urinary
      excretion of sodium ion. Histopathologically, the nephrotoxic effect of Tris-BP
      appeared one day later and was more obvious than that of Bis-BP in rats after
      single oral administration.

PMID- 3356865
TI  - Effect of hexacarbons on selected lipids in developing rat brain and peripheral
      nerves.
AB  - The effects of neurotoxic solvents, i.e. 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), 2,5-hexanediol
      (2,5-HDiol) and the non-neurotoxic solvent, 2,4-hexanedione (2,4-HD) (500 mg/kg
      body wt./day, i.p.), have been studied on the lipid composition of brain and
      sciatic nerves in weanling rats. Five-day-old rats were administered a solvent
      daily for 21 days. Clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy appeared in 2,5-HD and
      2,5-HDiol treated groups. Absolute weights of brain, spleen, thymus significantly
      decreased with 2,5-HD. Cholesterol content in whole brain homogenates and myelin
      was significantly reduced with 2,5-HD and 2,5-HDiol treatment. There was also a
      significant reduction in ubiquinone content of brain with 2,5-HD and 2,5-HDiol
      treatment. On exposure to neurotoxic chemicals to weanling rats, significant
      alteration in lipid profile was observed in the brain, which may be one of the
      key factors in the development of neuropathy.

PMID- 3356866
TI  - An experimental study on the respiratory toxicity of isopropyl alcohol.
AB  - Guinea-pigs were exposed to 400 ppm or 5500 ppm of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 24
      successive hours, and they were killed immediately after the exposure period. The
      ciliary activities of the nose and trachea were examined. In addition, the
      epithelium of the nose and trachea was observed by scanning and transmission
      electron microscopy. The present study showed that exposure to 400 or 5500 ppm of
      IPA vapor caused deterioration of the ciliary activity and also some pathological
      changes. Although our study revealed that exposure to 400 ppm of IPA vapor can
      affect the mucosa of the nose and trachea, the ciliary activity of the 400-ppm
      exposure group was not too poor and morphological changes were rather mild.
      Recovery from such degeneration might be rapid. Therefore, our study supports the
      justification of the allowable IPA level recommended by ACGIH.

PMID- 3356867
TI  - Removal of urea from alcoholic beverages with an acid urease.
AB  - Urethan, a cancer causing chemical, was reported to contaminate some alcoholic
      beverages. Since urethan is formed by heating urea with ethyl-alcohol, removal of
      urea is necessary to prevent urethan formation in alcoholic beverages. Acid
      urease, whose optimal pH lies around 4, lowered urea concentrations in Japanese
      sake. This finding indicates a protective effect of acid urease on urethan's
      potential hazards in alcohol.

PMID- 3356868
TI  - The effects of caffeine on the ultrastructure and mitochondrial function of the
      embryonic chick heart.
AB  - Results from this study indicate that caffeine (at an embryotoxic dose equal to
      the LD40 administered to 3-day chick embryos produced both ultrastructural and
      functional abnormalities in embryonic cardiac mitochondria. The principal effects
      of caffeine on the ultrastructure of embryonic myocardial cells were clearly
      suggestive of cellular injury and included: (1) a marked disruption of
      mitochondrial cristae with formation of intramitochondrial myelin-like figures
      and (2) intracellular edema. A biochemical analysis of mitochondrial function
      revealed that caffeine inhibited the capacity of mitochondria to oxidize
      succinate. However, when pyruvate and malate were employed as substrates for
      isolated mitochondria, caffeine did not significantly alter mitochondrial
      function. Interference with embryonic cardiac mitochondrial succinate oxidation
      and/or fragmentation of mitochondrial membranes are suggested as possible events
      in the pathogenesis of caffeine-induced cardiac cell injury which, in turn, may
      lead to the embryonic death of the chick.

PMID- 3356870
TI  - Alteration in urinary elimination.

PMID- 3356869
TI  - Fulfilling nutritional requirements.

PMID- 3356871
TI  - Constipation: impact of etiological factors.

PMID- 3356872
TI  - Studying incontinence in an urban nursing home.

PMID- 3356873
TI  - Campylobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Is antibiotic therapy now justified?
AB  - Campylobacter pylori clearly is a common inhabitant of the human stomach and is
      associated with nonautoimmune antral gastritis, chronic peptic ulceration, and
      non-ulcer dyspepsia. This editorial reviews whether therapy is now justified for
      patients with this infection. The criteria that must be fulfilled before an
      association can be considered to be of etiologic significance are discussed in
      relation to C. pylori infection and clinical disease. An overview of therapeutic
      approaches to eradicate C. pylori is presented, emphasizing their limitations and
      hazards. It is concluded that prescribing treatment for C. pylori infection
      outside the setting of a controlled trial is currently not appropriate.

PMID- 3356874
TI  - Amputation neuroma after cholecystectomy. A cause of intermittent obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - A 43-year-old woman developed recurrent attacks of intermittent obstructive
      jaundice 5 years after cholecystectomy. After 6 years of recurrent attacks, an
      obstructive lesion was finally demonstrated, and was diagnosed at surgery as an
      amputation (traumatic) neuroma of the midcommon bile duct (CBD). Symptoms
      disappeared following surgical removal of the lesion. We review the clinical
      picture of this relatively rare problem, along with its diagnosis, pathogenesis,
      and treatment.

PMID- 3356875
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of a congenital hepatic artery aneurysm.
AB  - A 74-year-old woman with new, but vague abdominal pain developed an intra
      abdominal hemorrhage. Ultrasound and CT scans before and after this event
      demonstrated an acute hepatic lesion with hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity.
      The patient died, and a ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm was revealed at autopsy.
      Hepatic artery aneurysm is uncommon, usually extra-hepatic, and, in most cases,
      is caused by atherosclerosis, medial degeneration, trauma, or infection. In this
      case, the aneurysm was intrahepatic and no underlying abnormalities of the
      hepatic vessels were found. We discuss the clinical scenario of patients with
      hepatic artery aneurysm and stress the importance of considering the diagnosis in
      the setting of a catastrophic abdominal event. In addition, the various
      diagnostic and therapeutic options are explored.

PMID- 3356876
TI  - Mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic
      anemia.

PMID- 3356877
TI  - Hepatic telangiectasia and cirrhosis.
AB  - In a woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler-Weber-Rendu
      disease) who died of fulminant hepatitis B, autopsy revealed cirrhosis of the
      liver and diffuse hepatic telangiectasia. Her daughter and grandson also suffered
      from the hepatic involvement of HHT. Sufficient laboratory investigations were
      available to exclude known causes of cirrhosis. We review the relationship
      between Osler-Weber-Rendu disease and liver cirrhosis or fibrosis.

PMID- 3356878
TI  - Mirizzi syndrome: the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

PMID- 3356879
TI  - ERC cholecystography.

PMID- 3356880
TI  - No decrease in duodenal ulcer surgery after cimetidine in Hong Kong.
AB  - We undertook a 12-year review of the elective and emergency surgery for duodenal
      ulcer in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, to ascertain whether the introduction of
      cimetidine as treatment for duodenal ulcer had led to a reduction in the number
      of elective and emergency operations being performed for duodenal ulcer. There
      was no decrease in the number of elective operations performed for duodenal
      ulcer. Indeed, in the same period, emergency operations for bleeding and
      perforated ulcers had increased.

PMID- 3356881
TI  - The chronological sequence in the pathology of Crohn's disease.
AB  - Sixty-three consecutive reexcisions of bowel for recurrent Crohn's disease where
      the former excision had removed all apparent disease were studied. Nine
      pathologic parameters (small ulcers, granulomas, regeneration, metaplasia,
      submucosal lymphoid follicles, transmural inflammation, large ulcers, sinuses,
      and strictures) were correlated to the interval of time since the former excision
      to document the disease progression. By regression analysis, only the presence of
      strictures or large ulcers correlated with time. First quartile times suggest
      that small ulcers and granulomas were the earliest lesions of those studied.
      Regeneration, metaplasia, submucosal lymphoid follicles, and transmural
      inflammation appear to be sequelae of ulceration. Sinuses and strictures are late
      complications of ulceration. The results confirm clinical, radiological, and
      subjective pathological impressions of the progress of the disease and suggest a
      central role for ulceration in this disease.

PMID- 3356882
TI  - Vascular pancreatitis. A clinical entity of growing importance.

PMID- 3356883
TI  - The metabolic impact of active ulcerative colitis. Energy expenditure and
      nitrogen balance.
AB  - Resting energy expenditure and nitrogen balance were measured shortly after
      admission and shortly before discharge or colectomy in eight adult males
      hospitalized for active ulcerative colitis. The measured resting energy
      expenditure was 19% higher than that predicted by the Harris-Benedict formula (p
      less than 0.01). Fecal and urinary nitrogen losses were 2.1 +/- 1.5 g/day and
      13.6 +/- 3.8 g/day, respectively. During the early hospitalization period, daily
      intakes of calories (1,826 +/- 1,050 kcal) and protein (1.5 +/- 0.4 g/kg) were
      not sufficient to maintain energy (-548 +/- 964 kcal/day) and nitrogen (-1.5 +/-
      3.9 g/day) balances. Energy expenditure and nitrogen losses at the end of the
      study were similar to the values obtained on admission, but because of a
      voluntary increase in caloric (by 42%) and protein (by 37%) intake during the
      hospitalization both energy balance (+434 +/- 409 kcal/day) and nitrogen balance
      (+4.6 +/- 6.5 g/day) (p less than 0.05) improved. These results suggest that,
      although the metabolic impact of active ulcerative colitis is mild, it does
      result in negative energy and nitrogen balances. Dietary intake can be
      voluntarily increased during hospitalization to improve energy and nitrogen
      equilibrium.

PMID- 3356884
TI  - Clinical and laboratory indicators of extent of ulcerative colitis. Serum C
      reactive protein helps the most.
AB  - We estimated the extent of the inflammatory mucosal lesion by colonoscopy and
      biopsy in 60 patients with their first attack of ulcerative colitis. Proctitis
      was found in 12, proctosigmoiditis in 19, left-sided colitis in 10, and extensive
      colitis in 19. Fourteen clinical variables and laboratory measurements (bowel
      frequency, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, fecal mucus/pus, temperature,
      pulse rate, white blood cell count, hematocrit, sedimentation rate, serum iron,
      serum albumin, serum alpha 2-globulin, serum C-reactive protein, and seromucoids)
      were determined. All the variables except rectal bleeding and hematocrit were
      correlated (p less than 0.001) with the extent of colitis. On stepwise
      discriminant analysis, only C-reactive protein distinguished proctosigmoiditis
      from more improved the discrimination. Cross-validation by the "jack-knife
      method" showed that 86.7% of patients were correctly classified, the errors
      consisting in underestimation of disease in 8/29 patients with extensive colitis.

PMID- 3356885
TI  - Colon adenomas in patients with hyperplastic polyps.
AB  - Although hyperplastic polyps are generally believed to have no malignant
      potential, recent work has suggested that they might be more common in patients
      with adenomas. We evaluated whether hyperplastic polyps could serve as a marker
      for patients who might benefit from colonoscopy. We retrospectively reviewed
      1,588 consecutive colonoscopy reports and hospital charts on 1,407 different
      patients examined between May 1983 and August 1985: 242 patients had adenomas,
      and 94 had hyperplastic polyps. Of patients with hyperplastic polyps 93.6% had
      concomitant adenomas, as compared with 35.7% of those without, p less than 0.001.
      Adenomas proximal to the rectosigmoid were found in 61.7% of patients with
      hyperplastic polyps and in 25.3% of those without, p less than 0.001. Patients
      with hyperplastic polyps in the rectosigmoid had proximal adenomas more
      frequently (64.7%) than did those without rectosigmoid hyperplastic polyps
      (29.4%), p less than 0.001. We conclude that patients with hyperplastic polyps
      are more likely to have adenomas, and patients with rectosigmoid hyperplastic
      polyps are more likely to have proximal adenomas. Based on these preliminary
      data, we believe that the finding of hyperplastic polyps in the rectosigmoid
      might justify full colonoscopy and that this should be studied further.

PMID- 3356886
TI  - Symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases from malignant melanoma. A clinical
      study.
AB  - Gastrointestinal metastases from malignant melanomas are not uncommon but rarely
      cause symptoms. We report six patients hospitalized because of gastrointestinal
      (GI) symptoms due to metastases from a primary extraintestinal melanoma. The
      clinical symptoms are nonspecific and include abdominal pain, weight loss, and
      occasionally GI bleeding. The diagnosis may, therefore, be unduly delayed, even
      though the prognosis of GI metastases from malignant melanomas is poor and the
      results of adjuvant chemotherapy, as well as of surgery, are not encouraging.
      Screening of patients with malignant melanoma for GI metastases is not yet
      routinely indicated, but should be considered in prospective studies evaluating
      adjuvant therapy.

PMID- 3356887
TI  - Camp Ylobacter--Colorado 1987.

PMID- 3356888
TI  - Subcutaneous fat necrosis in pancreatic disease. A review and two new case
      reports.
AB  - Subcutaneous fat necrosis is a rare and often overlooked sign of pancreatic
      disease. It is manifested in painful subcutaneous erythematous nodules, often
      found on the legs. The histopathological finding is pathognomic. Therefore,
      correlation of clinical manifestations with histopathological and laboratory
      findings may be helpful in recognizing some disorders of subcutaneous fat.
      Despite several studies, the cause of metastatic fat necrosis is unknown. I
      describe the syndrome, review the literature, and report two new cases.

PMID- 3356889
TI  - Clinical features of acetaminophen toxicity.
AB  - Thirteen patients met our criteria for severe acetaminophen hepatotoxicity over a
      5-year study period. Six patients had therapeutic misadventures (not attempting
      suicide), and seven were attempting suicide. Five of six patients in the
      therapeutic misadventure group were chronic alcoholics, and three were taking
      other drugs reported to cause hepatic microsomal enzyme induction. In the suicide
      group, two of seven patients were alcoholics, and one patient was taking another
      inducing drug. All six patients in the therapeutic misadventure group had nausea,
      vomiting, or starvation, whereas two of seven patients in the suicide group had
      similar characteristics. Starvation could deplete the protective factor
      glutathione, thus augmenting hepatotoxicity. In the therapeutic misadventure
      group, four of six patients developed acute tubular necrosis, as compared to two
      of seven in the suicide group. One patient died in each group. Clinicians should
      be aware of these features as part of the spectrum of acetaminophen toxicity.

PMID- 3356890
TI  - Jejunal adenocarcinoma in congenital heterotopic gastric mucosa.
AB  - We describe an adenocarcinoma of the jejunum that developed in congenital
      heterotopic gastric mucosa, a rare event. In our patient, the absence of other
      intestinal malformation and the presence of gastric glands with variable grades
      of dysplasia, together with the histological pattern of the tumor, strongly favor
      the possible origin of the neoplasia from the heterotopic gastric glands, rather
      than from intestinal ones.

PMID- 3356891
TI  - Marital idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's disease in a husband and
      wife.
AB  - Two cases of Crohn's disease in a husband and wife are described and compared
      with the seven previously reported cases of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel
      disease occurring in spouses.

PMID- 3356892
TI  - Barium granuloma of the sigmoid colon.
AB  - Barium granuloma (BG) is an unusual complication of barium enema that occurs due
      to the intravasation of barium into the colonic wall as a result of mucosal
      injury from an enema tip, overinflation of the rectal balloon, or intrinsic
      disease such as ulcerative colitis. We report a case of BG from a barium enema
      performed within 24 h after a proctoscopic biopsy. It was detected 5 years later
      when the patient developed persistent low back pain.

PMID- 3356893
TI  - A study of buspirone coprescribed with histamine H2-receptor antagonists in
      anxious outpatients.
AB  - In a study of a large cohort of patients suffering from anxiety symptoms and
      treated with the new anxiolytic, buspirone, 0.5% were found to be receiving
      concomitant histamine H2-receptor antagonist therapy. A study of this subgroup
      showed that no drug interaction occurred.

PMID- 3356895
TI  - A monoclonal antibody specific for an epidermal cell antigen of Xenopus laevis:
      electron microscopic observations using a gold-labeling method.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (EPI-1), raised against the supernatant of a homogenate of
      Xenopus laevis larvae at the tailbud stage (stage 36/37), interacts specifically
      with a 250 KD epidermal antigen of Xenopus. An immunocytochemical gold-labeling
      technique was used to investigate changes in antigen distribution during
      epidermal development of Xenopus laevis. Specific immunolabeling was initially
      detected over the endoplasmic reticulum in the outer epithelial cells of the late
      gastrula stage (stage 12.5). After the early neurula stage (stage 13),
      immunolabeling appeared over moderately electron-dense bodies (these bodies
      disappear after stage 29), and also over the apical cell surface and adjacent
      cytoplasm of all the outer epithelial cells. During metamorphosis, labeling
      decreased and disappeared after stage 62, as the superficial layer had peeled
      off. These data suggest that the antigen is useful as a marker of general
      differentiation in studies of epidermal development during the embryonic and
      larval stages of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 3356894
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibody to dermatan sulfate
      proteoglycan.
AB  - We purified dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (PG) from the capsule of human ovarian
      fibroma for use as an immunogen. A monoclonal antibody, designated 6B6, was
      produced which reacts to the intact molecule of dermatan sulfate PG and the
      chondroitinase AC-treated core molecule on Western-blotted nitrocellulose
      membrane. Localization of materials showing crossreactivity to this antibody was
      studied in human tissues by indirect immunohistochemistry. The interstitial
      elements of almost all tissues examined were positive for the antibody: dermis,
      submucosal layer of digestive tract, perichondral layer, perivascular connective
      tissue, perineurium, adventitia of aorta, vessel wall of vein, pleura, and
      fibrous capsule of kidney and liver. Positive staining was also observed in
      fibrous elements at post-necrotic foci of cardiac muscle and pancreas, and at
      atherosclerotic lesions of aorta. The distribution of the antigen, core protein
      of the dermatan sulfate PG, revealed with 6B6 was compared to that of the
      dermatan sulfate side chain, which was demonstrated with antibody 9A-2 (Couchman
      et al.: Nature 307:650, 1984) after treatment with chondroitin sulfate B-lyase.
      The distribution of both antigens, core protein, and dermatan sulfate side chains
      showed the same pattern, with minor exceptions. The antibody 6B6 will be a useful
      tool to study the immunohistochemical localization of dermatan sulfate PG.

PMID- 3356896
TI  - Catecholamine innervation of enkephalinergic neurons in guinea pig hypothalamus:
      demonstration by an in vitro autoradiographic technique combined with a post
      embedding immunogold method.
AB  - To study the relationship between the catecholamine (CA) nerve endings and the
      enkephalinergic cell bodies in the magnocellular dorsal nucleus (MDN) of guinea
      pig hypothalamus, double-labeling experiments were performed on the same tissue
      section at the electron microscopic level. An in vitro autoradiographic (ARG)
      method for [3H]-norepinephrine (NE) or [3H]-dopamine (DA) was combined with a
      post-embedding immunogold cytochemical technique for Met-enkephalin (Met-enk) in
      colchicine-treated animals. Hypothalamic slices (450 micrograms) were perfused
      with [3H]-NE or [3H]-DA at the fluid-gas interface, then fixed by immersion with
      glutaraldehyde and osmic acid. Semi-thin sections processed from the thickness of
      the slices showed adequate penetration of the tracers to all parts of the tissue.
      Frontal sections permitted visualization of some CA-uptake structures distributed
      around the cells. At the ultrastructural level, preservation appeared good on
      about 60% of the thickness of slices, and [3H]-CA structures were easily
      distinguished. Ultra-thin sections were successively incubated with Met-enk and
      colloidal gold-labeled antisera, followed by ARG processing. At the electron
      microscopic level, the good integrity of the tissue made possible visualization
      of [3H]-CA nerve terminals making synaptic contacts with enkephalinergic
      perikarya. These results provide morphological evidence for direct
      catecholaminergic control of enkephalinergic neurons of the MDN.

PMID- 3356897
TI  - Direct staining and visualization of endothelial monolayers cultured on synthetic
      polycarbonate filters.
AB  - Endothelial and epithelial cells cultured on synthetic filter supports have been
      used to study permeability and transport under various experimental conditions.
      However, because of the non-transparent nature of these filters, morphological
      studies using light microscopy are not possible. Presently, investigators
      circumvent this problem by using cells cultured on glass coverslips,
      extrapolating morphological data from a system clearly different from that used
      for functional studies. We describe here a useful technique for direct staining
      and visualization of cells grown on polycarbonate filter supports, using
      fluorochrome probes and fluorescence microscopy. We have utilized acridine
      orange, rhodamine phalloidin, and an anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody to provide
      information about cell shape, monolayer configuration, and cytoskeletal protein
      distribution in cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers.
      Comparison staining of coverslip and filter preparations revealed a number of
      clear differences in these parameters. This technique should enable investigators
      to perform the necessary studies to obtain direct correlations between functional
      and morphological data.

PMID- 3356898
TI  - Photoconversion of some fluorescent markers to a diaminobenzidine product.
AB  - Retinal whole mounts, brain sections, and astrocyte cultures were labeled with
      various fluorescent markers. Tissues or cells were then irradiated by light in
      the presence of diaminobenzidine. Irradiation initiated a reaction in which
      specific fluorescent labeling was replaced by an insoluble diaminobenzidine
      product. The diaminobenzidine product is more stable than the original
      fluorescent labeling and can be processed for electron microscopy. In some cases,
      the reaction product reveals cellular detail that cannot be resolved in the
      fluorescent labeling. The 10 fluorescent markers tested have widely differing
      structures, span a broad range of wavelengths, and label several different
      cellular elements. The photoconversion reaction was successful with all markers
      and tissues tested.

PMID- 3356899
TI  - Evidence for interactions between monocytes and natural killer cells in the
      regulation of in vitro hemopoiesis.
AB  - The role of accessory cells in modulation of in vitro hemopoiesis was studied
      using C-mediated lysis with mAb of differing specificities. One such antibody,
      25E11, which bound to all NK cells and a subset of monocytes, consistently led to
      enhancement of in vitro hemopoiesis when 25E11+ cells were depleted by complement
      or the FACS. In cultures maximally stimulated by erythropoietin and human
      placental conditioned medium, depletion of 25E11+ cells from beta-thalassemic
      PBMC resulted in up to a fourfold enhancement of multi-potential and pure
      erythroid colonies and a twofold enhancement of non-erythroid colonies when
      compared with C-only treated cells. This enhancement of in vitro hemopoiesis was
      also observed with cells from normal bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral
      blood. The enhancement of in vitro hemopoiesis was abrogated by removal of either
      adherent cells or monocytes using Leu M3 antibody and C lysis. The data presented
      herein suggest that NK cells and a subset of monocytes may exert a negative
      regulatory control on both granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Consequently, the
      number of progenitor and multipotential cells in cultures of unfractionated cell
      populations may be greatly underestimated.

PMID- 3356900
TI  - Mechanism of defective natural killer cell activity in patients with AIDS is
      associated with defective distribution of tubulin.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of some cytoskeleton components
      in killing mechanisms. In fact, a microtubule and microfilament (MF)
      rearrangement in the lytic sequence of CTL and NK cells has been observed. In
      particular, MF seem to be related to the binding phase, because MF inhibitors
      suppress the binding of NK cells to the target, whereas microtubule inhibitors
      suppress only the killing phase. In this paper, the distribution of two
      cytoskeleton components, actin and alpha- and beta-tubulin, has been studied in
      PBL from AIDS patients, who maintain the capacity to bind to the target cell line
      K562 but are not able to kill it. PBL were labeled with mAb to these two
      cytoskeleton components, and then indirect immunofluorescence was used to
      visualize their distribution in the conjugates. A normal polarization of actin in
      the effector PBL was found, whereas no tubulin rearrangement was evident in the
      effector and target cells. On the contrary, in conjugates of PBL or large
      granular lymphocytes from normal donors and K562, a polarization of actin in the
      effector cell and a polarization of tubulin both in the effector and in the
      target cells, at the site of the attachment, was evident. These data suggest that
      a deficiency of tubulin rearrangement may underlie the inability of the NK cells
      from AIDS patients to kill their target.

PMID- 3356901
TI  - C5 gene influences the development of murine myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The influence of the C5 gene and C5 deficiency on murine experimental autoimmune
      myasthenia gravis (EAMG) susceptibility was evaluated. Two co-isogenic strains,
      B10.D2/nSn (C5 sufficient) and B10.D2/oSn (C5 deficient), which are genetically
      identical except for the C5 gene locus, were immunized with acetylcholine
      receptors (AChR) in CFA to induce myasthenia gravis. Both strains had equivalent
      concentration of serum autoantibodies to muscle AChR and antibodies bound to
      muscle AChR. C5-sufficient B10.D2/nSn, but not C5-deficient B10.D2/oSn,
      demonstrated increased incidence of clinical disease and death and lost
      significant amounts of muscle AChR. Therefore, C5 deficiency in B10.D2/oSn
      prevented EAMG. C5 gene, which codes for C component C5, may influence EAMG
      pathogenesis through activation of the terminal lytic C sequence (C5 to C9)
      required for muscle AChR destruction, which is the primary pathology.

PMID- 3356902
TI  - Identification of chondroitin sulfate E in human lung mast cells.
AB  - Human lung mast cells (HLMC) enriched up to 99% purity by counter current
      elutriation and density gradient centrifugation were labeled with 35S-sulfate to
      determine cell-associated proteoglycans. The 35S-labeled proteoglycans were
      extracted by the addition of detergent and 4 M guanidine-HCl, and separated from
      unincorporated precursor by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. 35S-Proteoglycans
      chromatographed over Sepharose 4B with a Kav of 0.48. 35S-Glycosaminoglycans
      separated from the parent 35S-proteoglycans by beta-elimination and
      chromatographed over Sepharose 4B with a Kav of 0.63. Characterization of 35S
      proteoglycans by chondroitin ABC lyase treatment revealed approximately 36% of
      the proteoglycan to be composed of chondroitin sulfates. Analysis by HPLC of
      component disaccharides liberated by chondroitin ABC lyase using an amino-cyano
      substituted silica column indicated that the chondroitin sulfates consisted of
      the monosulfated A disaccharide (GlcUA----GaINAc4SO4) (75%) and the over-sulfated
      E disaccharide (GlcUA----GaINAc4,6-diSO4) (25%). Nitrous acid/heparinase
      susceptible heparin proteoglycans accounted for approximately 62% of the total
      35S-proteoglycans present in the HLMC. Proteoglycans remaining after exposure of
      the original proteoglycan extract to either heparinase or chondroitin ABC lyase
      were of similar size, suggesting that the majority of heparin and chondroitin
      sulfate glycosaminoglycans were on separate protein cores. Proteoglycans
      extracted from HLMC were protease insensitive. Hence, in addition to heparin
      proteoglycans, HLMC synthesize a hitherto unrecognized quantity of chondroitin
      sulfate E proteoglycans.

PMID- 3356903
TI  - The toxicity of rat large granular lymphocyte tumor cells and their cytoplasmic
      granules for rodent and African trypanosomes.
AB  - To explain previous findings that rodent and African trypanosomes are relatively
      insusceptible to the actions of NK cells, their sensitivity to the cytotoxicity
      of rat LGL tumor cells and isolated cytolysin-containing granules was studied.
      LGL tumor cells displayed modest spontaneous killing of rodent trypanosomes but
      were considerably more effective in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity mode in the presence of specific antibody. The trypanosomes were
      quite resistant to lysis by the cytolysin-containing granules, compared with
      other types of cells. The slow inefficient lysis that occurred in the presence of
      divalent cations involved granule concentrations thousands of times greater than
      was required for lysis of SRBC. Rodent trypanosomes were significantly more
      susceptible to lysis when divested of their surface glycoprotein coats. In the
      absence (or near absence) of divalent cations, a substance (or substances)
      present in the granules rapidly destroyed intact and nude trypanosomes; this
      activity probably was not associated with cytolysin. The rate and efficiency with
      which the divalent cation-independent substance destroyed three species of
      trypanosomes indicate that this material deserves further study with an eye to
      its potential use as a therapeutic agent.

PMID- 3356904
TI  - Isolation and expression of an IFN-responsive Ly-6C chromosomal gene.
AB  - The Ly-6 locus controls the expression of genes whose products in lymphoid cells
      are involved in the process of Ag-independent T cell activation. The Ly-6 locus
      contains multiple tightly linked genes which have been mapped to a specific
      region on murine chromosome 15. The present approach to further define the Ly-6
      Ag is based on the transfection of cloned genes and identification of the
      expressed products by using mAb. Screening of Ly-6 related chromosomal clones
      revealed one that contains a gene that is closely related to yet distinct from
      that of the previously characterized Ly-6E.1 protein. Transfection of this
      chromosomal clone into COS cells shows that it contains the gene encoding Ly-6C.1
      determinants. The expression of the transfected Ly-6C.1 gene is enhanced in COS
      cells following treatment with mouse IFN. Characterization of the DNA sequence of
      the Ly-6C.1 gene has established that it consists of four exons, the first of
      which is untranslated. Several possible regulatory elements have been identified
      in the putative promoter region of this gene (5' to the first exon), including a
      28-base sequence closely resembling the consensus IFN-responsive sequence found
      in the promoter regions of other IFN-responsive genes.

PMID- 3356905
TI  - In vivo evaluation of radiolabelled antibodies with antigen-coated polymer
      particles in diffusion chambers.
AB  - A method for the evaluation of in vivo immunolocalization of labelled monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAb) is presented. The technique is an alternative to the nude mouse
      xenograft system. The antigen reservoir is an intraperitoneal diffusion chamber
      (DC) filled with a suspension of antigen-coated polymer particles. Intravenously
      injected 125I-labelled MoAb are allowed to specifically bind to this artificial
      abdominal 'tumour', which can be removed and measured for radioactivity after
      animal killing. The model can be used as a preclinical in vivo method for the
      evaluation of labelled MoAbs prepared for immunodiagnostics or therapy. The DC
      system permits the amounts of both antibody and antigen to be controlled and
      antibody access to the antigen within the DC is presumably the same in every
      animal. The model permits a systematic comparison of different antibodies and
      antibody fragments, labels and labelling procedures, as well as routes of
      administration in immunocompetent animals.

PMID- 3356906
TI  - A rapid and sensitive screening method for the detection of anti-2
      acetylaminofluorene immunoglobulins.
AB  - A method is described in which anti-2-acetylaminofluorene immunoglobulins may be
      detected using a simple and sensitive screening procedure. The method is based on
      immunoglobulin binding of an 125I derivatized 2-aminofluorene radiotracer. Tracer
      binding is not isotype specific, and thus the method is useful for the detection
      of either IgG or IgA. Competitive binding experiments with the radiotracer were
      used to determine the specificity of immunoglobulin response by measurement of
      cross-reactivity with related ligands. This method allows quantitation of the
      immune response to the carcinogen in serum and other biological fluids (i.e.,
      intestinal secretions).

PMID- 3356908
TI  - Real-time scanning and image analysis. A fast method for the determination of
      neutrophil orientation under agarose.
AB  - We describe a newly developed method for fast determination of neutrophil
      chemotaxis and orientation in concentration gradients of chemotactic factors. The
      system implements video-based real-time scanning and image analysis of neutrophil
      migration under agarose, using an interactive easy-to-use computer program. Two
      methods for determining cell orientation are presented. No statistically
      significant difference between the methods was found. The analysis program
      distinguishes between chemokinetic and chemotactic behaviour of the cells (P less
      than 0.01).

PMID- 3356907
TI  - Strategy for the characterization of autoantigens in autoimmune diseases.
      Investigation of the target antigens of antimitochondrial antibodies by
      radioimmunoassay, immunoblotting, monoclonal antibodies and affinity
      chromatography.
AB  - We present a strategy to characterize specific antigen/autoantibody systems using
      polyclonal sera from patients as a probe and crude antigenic preparations such as
      mitoplasts. Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are
      characterized by at least one of two specific subtypes of antimitochondrial
      antibodies (AMA), anti-p48 or anti-p62. Immunoblotting of such sera with
      mitoplast preparations derived from human, rat and rabbit livers revealed three
      proteins of approximately 27, 48 and 68 kDa as target antigens. On the basis of
      the molecular weight of these antigens we were able to purify them by elution
      from preparative SDS gels. Immunization of NZB mice with the high molecular
      weight component (the 68 kDa antigen from human liver mitoplasts) elicited a
      monoclonal antibody. The 68 kDa protein was then isolated by affinity
      chromatography and may well represent the prime target antigen of anti-p62
      antimitochondrial antibodies. This experimental approach could be applied to
      protein target antigens of other autoantibodies.

PMID- 3356909
TI  - Comparison of poly- and monoclonal antibodies as labels in a two-site
      immunochemiluminometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone.
AB  - We have evaluated the potential of monoclonal antibodies in the development of a
      non-isotopic immunometric assay for intact human parathyroid hormone (PTH). The
      assay has been designed to utilise a chemiluminescent acridinium ester labelled
      anti-aminoterminal (anti-N) antibody and a solid-phase anti-carboxyterminal
      antibody in order to measure specifically the intact hormone. In this system the
      characteristics of the labelled antibody proved crucial to the performance of the
      assay. A low affinity monoclonal reagent yielded insufficient analytical
      sensitivity, while a higher affinity monoclonal reagent cross-reacted poorly with
      the intact molecule relative to the amino terminal PTH fragment to which it was
      raised. Neither antibody could therefore match the performance of an affinity
      purified polyclonal anti-N PTH reagent. These results highlight the problems to
      be addressed in the selection of suitable reagents for immunometric assay
      development when specificity and sensitivity are crucial requirements.

PMID- 3356910
TI  - Increased efficiency of transfection of murine hybridoma cells with DNA by
      electropermeabilization.
AB  - Dispase-treated murine hybridoma cells (SP2/0-Ag14) were transfected with the
      G418 resistance gene bearing plasmid pSV2-neo by electropermeabilization with a
      high degree of efficiency. The cells were subjected to intermittent multiple high
      voltage short duration (5 microsecond) DC pulses at intervals of 1 min in a
      weakly conducting medium followed by selection in G418-containing medium. The
      transfection medium, temperature, pulse duration, and voltage were empirically
      determined by preliminary electropermeabilization experiments. Increasing the
      number of pulses resulted in a higher percentage of transfected cells, but a
      decrease in the number of viable cells, with the optimal transfectant yield
      resulting when five pulses of 10 kV/cm were administered. This method allows the
      rapid and efficient injection of DNA into mammalian cells, and permits the rapid
      production of stable, drug resistant hybridoma cell lines for use in subsequent
      fusion experiments.

PMID- 3356911
TI  - Temperature affects binding of murine monoclonal IgG antibodies to protein A.
AB  - Murine IgG subclasses show different affinities when they react with protein A.
      The temperature of application of the sample to protein A-Sepharose markedly
      influences the interaction of certain antibodies with this specific adsorbent.
      Elution of weakly bound mouse IgG could be carried out by mild temperature
      changes instead of lowering the pH, and this should be advantageous with certain
      immunoglobulins that are labile under acidic conditions.

PMID- 3356912
TI  - Two-site monoclonal antibody quantitative ELISA for toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.
AB  - A two-site monoclonal antibody (MAB) quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay (ELISA) was developed that enables quantitation of toxic shock syndrome
      toxin-1 (TSST-1) down to 0.25 ng/ml and detection of TSST-1 to 0.06 ng/ml.
      Interference by Staphylococcus protein A was eliminated by incorporating normal
      rabbit serum into the test sample diluent. In the process of selecting an MAB
      pair for a two-site 'sandwich'-type ELISA, the MABs were screened for inhibition
      or common epitope binding. Some MABs that reacted with antigen that was adsorbed
      to a polystyrene well would not bind to antigen that was presented in a more
      natural configuration, as in the case of antigen immobilized by trapping
      antibody. Conversely, MABs that reacted with antigen that was immobilized by
      another antibody did not all function as trapping antibodies when adsorbed
      directly to a polystyrene surface. ELISAs that used polyclonal antibodies in the
      capture mode and MAB conjugate as the second antibody were generally more
      sensitive than were those that used polyclonal antibodies for both capture and
      indicator functions. MAB screening and selection schemes should be carefully
      designed to evaluate MABs in the mode in which they will be used in the final
      assay.

PMID- 3356913
TI  - Effective production of a human monoclonal antibody against tetanus toxoid by
      selection of high productivity clones of a heterohybridoma.
AB  - A mouse.human-human heterohybridoma, N12-16.63, has been described which produces
      an anti-tetanus toxoid human monoclonal antibody (MoAb). A clone, N12
      16.63.49.19, which produces eight times as much MoAb as that produced by the
      original cell line, was selected by repeating the recloning and selection twice.
      Two clones, N12-16.63.49.19.69 and N12-16.63.49.19.127, further selected from
      this clone produced almost 20 times more than that produced by the original cell
      line. Though the production of MoAb by these clones gradually decreased with
      repeating transfers, they still produced a large amount of human MoAb even after
      3 months of transfer. Human MoAb (IgM) was isolated from the culture supernatants
      of the original and high productivity clones and the products were confirmed to
      be identical. Human MoAb was effectively produced by batch culture on the 20
      liter scale or a perfusion culture on the 1 liter scale using these high
      productivity clones.

PMID- 3356914
TI  - Continuous subcutaneous (CS) infusion of metoclopramide (MCP) using a plastic
      disposable infusor for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis.

PMID- 3356915
TI  - The use of patient-controlled analgesia in adolescents with sickle cell pain
      crisis: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3356916
TI  - Intermittent intrathecal morphine by means of an implantable reservoir: a survey
      of 100 cases.

PMID- 3356918
TI  - Nausea and vomiting in the patient with advanced cancer.

PMID- 3356917
TI  - Analgesic, mood, and hemodynamic effects of intranasal cocaine and lidocaine in
      chronic facial pain of deafferentation and myofascial origin.

PMID- 3356919
TI  - [40th symposium of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Osaka, 3-5
      April 1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3356920
TI  - [Proceedings of the second annual meeting for the Orthopaedic Research of the
      Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Kyoto, September 18 through 19, 1987.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3356921
TI  - [85th symposium of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Sendai, 1-3 April
      1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3356922
TI  - Pyogenic sacroiliitis--a case report.

PMID- 3356923
TI  - Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3356924
TI  - Recurrent sulfonylurea induced nocturnal hypoglycemia managed with tolbutamide.

PMID- 3356925
TI  - Balance through the ages of man.

PMID- 3356926
TI  - The tympanic membrane in cross section: a finite element analysis.
AB  - This paper applies the technique of finite element analysis to the tympanic
      membrane. A two-dimensional cross-sectional model of the tympanic membrane and
      malleus is described. A variety of experiments have been performed on this model,
      and the displacements under a uniform load are analysed. The shape of the
      displaced membrane and the movement of the umbo were found to be sensitive to a
      number of factors. These include the elastic modulus of the membrane, the
      presence and position of the axis or rotation of the malleus, and the size of the
      pars flaccida. Some implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3356927
TI  - Cushing's syndrome due to the abuse of betamethasone nasal drops.
AB  - Cushing's syndrome due to the abuse of Betamethasone nasal drops has not been
      described before. This report presents such a case and emphasises the care which
      one must take in prescribing topical steroids.

PMID- 3356928
TI  - Dental disease, acute sinusitis and the orthopantomogram.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of undiagnosed apical
      disease in acute unilateral sinusitis and to evaluate the role of
      Orthopantomograms (OPGs). Our results, with an incidence of 10 per cent, are in
      agreement with the findings of Formby (1960) and we conclude that OPGs are not
      justified in the routine investigation of acute sinusitis.

PMID- 3356929
TI  - Staging in the treatment of maxillary carcinoma revisited.
AB  - The site of origin of maxillary sinus carcinoma will not infrequently
      predetermine the varied neurological signs at presentation. Modifying Ohngren's
      division, the maxillary sinus can be divided into four quadrants based on
      anatomical nerve correlates, thus facilitating identification of the primary
      site. An inclusive classification of maxillary sinus carcinoma based on Broder's
      grading, site of origin, the TNM classification and the patient's general
      condition, serves as the basis for a correlative therapeutic regimen.

PMID- 3356930
TI  - Globus pharyngeus: (Part II), Discussion.

PMID- 3356931
TI  - Globus hystericus: globus syndrome?
AB  - In a double-blind study, 22 patients with typical globus symptoms were
      investigated by both otolaryngological and odontological methods. All the
      patients underwent thorough hematological, endoscopic and radiological
      examinations. They were randomly divided into a treatment group and a placebo
      group and underwent either simple occlusal adjust or mock adjustment,
      respectively. The result of occlusal adjustment was assessed immediately after
      completion of treatment. The effect of treatment on globus symptoms was assessed
      2 to 3 months later in a double-blind study. Binomial tests showed that there was
      a significant association between the success of occlusal adjustment and
      disappearance of the globus symptom. A new name for this disease is proposed: the
      globus syndrome.

PMID- 3356933
TI  - Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy in head and neck tumours.

PMID- 3356932
TI  - Swallowed foreign bodies.

PMID- 3356934
TI  - Mobility of the tragus.

PMID- 3356935
TI  - Relapsing polychondritis: an unusual presentation.

PMID- 3356936
TI  - Neurofibromas of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Two cases of neurofibroma of the paranasal sinuses are presented. The tumours
      presented as space-occupying lesions and were treated by local excision.
      Histologically one was a typical neurofibroma, whilst the other showed some
      features of a schwannoma. The patients show no evidence of tumour recurrence at
      18 and 6 months respectively.

PMID- 3356937
TI  - Severe late-onset epistaxis following Le Fort I osteotomy: angiographic
      localization and embolization.
AB  - Epistaxis following maxillofacial trauma or maxillofacial surgery is uncommon. It
      usually occurs within 24 hours of the injury and can usually be controlled by
      packing. Rarely internal maxillary artery ligation is necessary and embolization
      has been used in some cases of severe trauma. We present a case of severe late
      onset epistaxis following Le Fort I osteotomy. The diagnostic approach and
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3356938
TI  - Giant cementoblastoma simulating a peridental infection.
AB  - A case of giant cementoblastoma of the maxilla in a young female is reported. An
      unusual painful swelling of the gingivolabial area led to an initial misdiagnosis
      of a peridental infection and consequently to inappropriate treatment.

PMID- 3356939
TI  - Intracranial aerocoele due to micropaque barium.

PMID- 3356940
TI  - Cricoid necrosis in laryngeal rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3356941
TI  - Late response of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx to radiotherapy.

PMID- 3356942
TI  - Vocal cord paralysis as a presenting sign in the Shy-Drager syndrome.
AB  - A 70-year-old patient with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, accompanied by
      inspiratory stridor and increased snoring, is presented. Respiratory dysfunction,
      deteriorating over 18 months, necessitated permanent tracheostomy. Only two and a
      half years after the onset of symptoms the patient developed extrapyramidal signs
      combined with severe autonomic failure, suggesting a diagnosis of Shy-Drager
      syndrome. Vocal cord palsy preceding any other neurological or autonomic
      manifestations of that syndrome has been infrequently described. This diagnosis
      should be considered in cases of vocal cord palsy of undetermined etiology,
      especially when associated with increased snoring or episodes of sleep apnea.

PMID- 3356943
TI  - Tracheostomal reconstruction using a fenestrated deltopectoral skin flap.
AB  - Tracheostomal stenosis following laryngectomy can prevent satisfactory
      rehabilitation of a patient, and may be difficult to correct. A reconstructive
      technique using a flap within a deltopectoral flap to treat this condition is
      described.

PMID- 3356944
TI  - Low grade polymorphous adenocarcinoma of a minor salivary gland.

PMID- 3356945
TI  - Bilateral chylothorax following left radical neck dissection (case report).
AB  - Bilateral chylothorax is a rare complication of radical neck dissection and was
      first described in 1907. Stuart (1907) reviewed a number of patients with
      injuries to the thoracic duct in the neck and reported on three patients with
      bilateral chylothorax, all of whom died. The condition was not reported again
      until 1951 when the first of the five single case reports published to date
      appeared. The rarity with which this complication is reported makes it difficult
      for clinicians to be familiar with it. A further case is reported and the
      relevant literature reviewed, and certain aspects of the aetiology and management
      are discussed.

PMID- 3356946
TI  - An ingenious mucus trap.
AB  - This brief report describes how, with commendable insight, a patient recently
      treated in our Unit adopted a very simple device to collect the excess mucus
      issuing from his tracheostomy tube.

PMID- 3356947
TI  - Determination of phospholipid base structure by CA MIKES mass spectrometry.
AB  - The fast atom bombardment spectra of three phospholipids containing a secondary,
      tertiary, and quaternary nitrogenous base attached to a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn
      glycero-3-phosphate skeleton were shown to each contain an ion derived from the
      intact nitrogenous base. The collisional activation mass analyzed ion kinetic
      energy spectroscopy (CA MIKES) spectrum produced from each of these ions was
      shown to be unique for the particular base. The technique thus provides a non
      destructive rapid identification of the phosphorylated base of phospholipids.

PMID- 3356948
TI  - Determination of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in venous and capillary
      whole blood.
AB  - A procedure is presented and evaluated for separation of plasma high density
      lipoprotein from either capillary or venous whole blood. The lipoprotein is
      separated by adding 50 microliter of sample to 250 microliter of 0.15 M NaCl
      solution containing 99.9 g/l polyethyleneglycol 6000, 0.0374 g/l dextran sulfate
      (Mr 15,000) and 2.6 mM Mg2+. After gentle mixing for a few minutes and standing
      10 min at room temperature, mixtures are centrifuged (1,500 g) for 10 min and
      cholesterol is measured on 200 microliter of supernatant by an enzymatic
      colorimetric method. Comparison studies demonstrate a good correlation between
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma and capillary or venous whole
      blood. The procedure is simple, has the advantage of using either K3-EDTA
      anticoagulated whole blood, without the need of centrifugation, or capillary
      whole blood which can also be collected away from the laboratory.

PMID- 3356949
TI  - Utilization of glucose, alanine, lactate, and glycerol as lipogenic substrates by
      periuterine adipose tissue in situ in fed and starved rats.
AB  - A technique previously used to study placental transfer in pregnant rats,
      consisting of labeled tracer infusion through the left uterine artery, was
      employed to determine the utilization of lipogenic substrates by periuterine
      adipose tissue in the fed and 48-hr starved female virgin rat. After 20 min
      infusion with either D[U-14C]glucose, L-[U-14C]alanine, [U-14C]glycerol or L-[U
      14C]lactate, the radioactivity appearing in periuterine adipose tissue 14C
      labeled lipids from the left side was always higher than that appearing in tissue
      from the right side. Negligible radioactivity was detected in the tissue from
      either side when the infusion was done with non-metabolizable derivatives such as
      L-[1-14C]glucose or [1-14C]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Simultaneous infusion of L
      [U-14C]alanine and an alanine transaminase inhibitor (aminooxyacetic acid) into
      the left uterine artery completely blocked the conversion of the alanine
      transaminase inhibitor (aminooxyacetic acid) into the left uterine artery
      completely blocked the conversion of the alanine into periuterine adipose tissue
      14C-labeled lipids. The utilization of the infused substrate for fatty acids and
      glyceride-glycerol synthesis by the tissue was quantified by taking into account
      the infused radioactivity, the difference in the amount of 14C-labeled lipids
      appearing in periuterine adipose tissue on the left and the right sides, the
      arterial plasma concentration of the studied metabolite, and the uterine horn
      blood flow. In fed animals, the highest fatty acid synthesis was found with
      lactate, followed by glucose, alanine, and glycerol. This process was intensely
      decreased with all the substrates in 48-hr starved rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356950
TI  - Developmental coordinate expression of triacylglycerol and small molecular weight
      apoB synthesis and secretion by rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Glycerolipid and apoB synthesis and secretion were examined in hepatocytes
      obtained from fetal, suckling (day 6), and adult rats in order to examine the
      developmental regulation of lipoprotein production. The capacity to synthesize
      [3H]triacylglycerol (from [3H]glycerol) followed the order: adult greater than
      day 6 greater than fetal. Addition of 1 mM oleic acid to the incubation media
      stimulated the incorporation of [3H]glycerol into triacylglycerol 6.7- and 3.6
      fold by fetal and adult hepatocytes, respectively. After maximal stimulation by 1
      mM oleic acid, triacylglycerol secretion by fetal cells was still only 39% of the
      amount secreted by adult cells that had been treated similarly. Fetal cells
      stimulated with 1 mM oleic acid synthesized the same amount of triacylglycerol as
      adult cells that had been treated with 0.1 mM oleic acid. However, the fetal
      cells secreted only one-third as much triacylglycerol, further demonstrating
      relatively impaired secretion of triacylglycerol. In order to determine whether
      low triacylglycerol secretion was associated with differences in apoB metabolism,
      cells were incubated with [35S]methionine and apoB was quantified after
      immunoprecipitation. Fetal cells synthesized and secreted nearly equal amounts of
      large molecular weight and small molecular weight apoB. In contrast, adult cells
      synthesized and secreted nearly twice as much small molecular weight apoB as
      large molecular weight apoB. Moreover, although fetal and adult cells secreted
      large molecular weight apoB at similar rates, adult cells synthesized and
      secreted small molecular weight apoB at rates that were nearly two times higher
      than fetal cells. These data suggest that the ability to assemble and secrete
      VLDL varies in parallel with the developmental expression of small molecular
      weight apoB. These studies also show the usefulness of the cultured rat
      hepatocyte model for examining the ontogeny and regulation of lipoprotein
      assembly/secretion.

PMID- 3356951
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism during ketoconazole treatment in man.
AB  - Ketoconazole, an antifungal antibiotic, inhibits cholesterol synthesis by
      blocking demethylation of lanosterol. Effects of this inhibition were studied on
      serum cholesterol, lipoproteins and cholesterol precursors, biliary lipid
      composition, and fecal steroid elimination in five patients with prostate cancer
      treated with large doses of ketoconazole. The serum level of total cholesterol
      fell by 27%, that of LDL cholesterol by 41% and that of LDL apoB by 32% with
      ketoconazole alone; the fall in the total cholesterol level of a patient treated
      with ketoconazole-cholestyramine was 65%. Serum contents of free lanosterol and
      dihydrolanosterol increased up to 250 times, yet the total concentrations
      remained less than 2 mg/dl. Of the other cholesterol precursor sterols only those
      with delta 8-double bond increased several times, indicating that in addition to
      14 alpha-demethylation, ketoconazole also interfered with metabolism of later
      intermediary sterols to some extent. Compared with serum sterols, lanosterols
      were enriched in biliary and fecal sterols up to 10-20 times. Fecal lanosterol
      output increased from 12 to 247 mg/day, and comprised over 20% fecal steroids of
      endogenous origin. Bile acid synthesis was significantly decreased, the
      proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid being markedly reduced in both biliary and
      fecal bile acids. Cholesterol absorption appeared to decrease yet fecal neutral
      sterol output and cholesterol synthesis were unchanged and the overall sterol
      synthesis was increased. It thus appears that ketoconazole inhibits cholesterol
      elimination as bile acids. However, by blocking 14 alpha-demethylation, it
      results in effective drainage of sterol nucleus as lanosterols into bile and
      feces, which, in turn, is associated with a marked reduction in low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level probably through activation of hepatic LDL
      apoB receptors.

PMID- 3356952
TI  - Nonspecific lipid transfer protein in the assay of a membrane-bound enzyme CMP-N
      acetyl-neuraminate:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase.
AB  - CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase is tightly
      associated with the luminal side of the Golgi membrane as is its lipid substrate,
      lactosylceramide. In order to understand the kinetics, properties, and regulation
      of this enzyme, it is necessary to alter the amount and type of substrate in the
      membrane while minimizing changes in the membrane environment or in the
      conformation of the enzyme. Therefore, nonspecific lipid transfer protein, which
      accelerates the transfer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycosphingolipids
      between membranes was used to study the properties and kinetics of rat liver CMP
      N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase. These results are
      compared to those obtained in parallel experiments using detergent-solubilized
      substrate. Enzyme activity was increased four- to fivefold by transfer protein
      and was consistently higher than the activity measured in the presence of
      detergents. In contrast to the results obtained with detergents, the enzyme
      activity increased linearly with both Golgi protein and with incubation time for
      up to 60 min. The Km values for the water-soluble substrate, CMP-neuraminic acid,
      were virtually identical when determined in the presence of transfer protein
      (0.23 mM) or detergents (0.27 mM). On the other hand, the apparent Km values for
      the lipophilic substrate, lactosylceramide, were markedly different when
      determined in the presence of transfer protein (47.9 microM) or in the presence
      of detergents (1.2 microM). These observations suggest that transfer protein is a
      useful tool to study the properties and kinetics of membrane-bound enzymes when
      both the enzyme and substrate are components of the same membrane.

PMID- 3356953
TI  - Contraceptive steroids alter the steady-state kinetics of bile acids.
AB  - Contraceptive steroids increase the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid
      in bile. This alteration may contribute to the development of cholesterol
      gallstones. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of
      contraceptive steroids on bile acid kinetics and to relate them to changes in
      cholesterol metabolism. Steady-state kinetics of bile acids were measured in 15
      healthy women, on and off contraceptive steroids. Cholic acid synthesis increased
      30.3% (P less than 0.025) and its pool increased by 37.4% (P less than 0.025).
      Chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis decreased 6.4% (P = 0.08) and its pool decreased
      by 11.8% (P less than 0.05) during use of contraceptive steroids. The fractional
      turnover rates of both primary bile acids did not change. The changes in kinetics
      of the primary bile acids were related to alterations in biliary lipid and
      cholesterol metabolism, separately reported. (J. Lipid Res. 1987. 28: 828-839).
      During use of contraceptive steroids, total bile acid pool and total bile acid
      synthesis correlated directly with cholesterol synthesis, assayed in mononuclear
      leukocytes (r = 0.50 and r = 0.54, respectively) but not with the plasma
      clearance of chylomicron remnants, measured with retinyl palmitate. The data
      indicate that contraceptive steroids directly alter the hepatic synthesis of bile
      acids and suggest that newly synthesized cholesterol may be a preferred substrate
      for bile acid synthesis during use of contraceptive steroids.

PMID- 3356954
TI  - Interferon-alpha mimics effects of ovine trophoblast protein 1 on prostaglandin
      and protein secretion by ovine endometrial cells in vitro.
AB  - Ovine endometrial cells were isolated from ovariectomized oestrogen and
      progesterone-treated ewes and maintained in primary culture. In-vitro treatment
      with human interferon-alpha 2 (Roferon, Hoffman La Roche) (5, 50 IU/ml) or
      purified ovine trophoblast protein 1 (oTP-1, 30 ng/ml) significantly attenuated
      PGF2 alpha (25 +/- 17, 29 +/- 17, 28 +/- 9% +/- SEM of control [no in-vitro
      treatment = 100%] respectively, N = 4 ewes) and PGE (11 +/- 4, 16 +/- 4, 16 +/-
      5% of control) release from the cultured cells. Fluorography of two dimensional
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of proteins secreted by the cells
      following 35S-methionine incorporation, revealed that synthesis and secretion of
      the same "pregnancy-related" proteins was stimulated by both interferon-alpha 2
      and oTP-1. Thus, interferon-alpha 2 (which has sequence homology with oTP-1) acts
      on the ovine endometrium, eliciting similar biological responses to those of oTP
      1.

PMID- 3356955
TI  - Regulation of preproparathyroid hormone messenger RNA and hormone synthesis in
      human parathyroid adenomata.
AB  - Preproparathyroid hormone (preproPTH) mRNA and PTH secretion were measured in
      human parathyroid adenomata (n = 8) cultured in 1.0 or 3.0 mmol calcium/l and
      compared with changes in bovine parathyroid glands (n = 3) as a control.
      Incubation of bovine glands in 3.0 mmol calcium/l for 24 h resulted in a fall in
      mRNA levels to 47.3 +/- 21.7% (mean +/- S.D.) compared with cells incubated in
      1.0 mmol calcium/l, with a concomitant decrease in secretion to 62.6 +/- 10.8%.
      These values fell further to 30.1 +/- 15.5% and 42.1 +/- 18.7% respectively after
      48-h incubation. One human adenoma responded to high levels of calcium in a
      similar manner with mRNA levels falling to 44.6 +/- 11.9% and secretion to 30.3
      +/- 17.3% within 24 h. However, in the majority of adenomata (seven out of
      eight), after 24-h incubation in 3.0 mmol calcium/l, mRNA levels fell to 54.1 +/-
      14.6% but there was no change in secretion. In two of these adenomata which were
      cultured for 48 h, there was no suppression of secretion despite mRNA levels
      having fallen to approximately 60% of control. Incorporation of [35S]methionine
      into PTH secreted from human adenomatous cells was quantified by densitometry.
      There was no difference in the amount of radiolabelled PTH secreted from cells
      incubated in high levels of calcium compared with those in normal levels of
      calcium. In similar experiments, the effects of high calcium on the synthesis of
      PTH in bovine cells was assessed by determination of radiolabelled intracellular
      PTH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3356956
TI  - The stability in vitro of bioactive and immunoreactive LH in human blood and
      plasma.
AB  - The degree of stability in vitro of bioactive and immunoreactive LH in human
      blood, plasma and serum was examined. Bioactivity and immunoreactivity of LH were
      assayed by the dispersed mouse Leydig cell assay and by standard radioimmunoassay
      respectively, using the same reference preparation (first international reference
      preparation for human pituitary LH 68/40 for immunoassay). Bioactive and
      immunoreactive LH were stable in blood and plasma at 22 degrees C for up to 4 and
      24 h respectively, and in blood at 4 degrees C for up to 24 h. There was no loss
      of biological or immunological LH activity in plasma which had been either snap
      frozen and stored at -70 degrees C, allowed to freeze at -20 degrees C and stored
      at that temperature or kept at 4 degrees C for 24 h and then stored at -70
      degrees C. Likewise, the levels of LH in plasma and serum which had been stored
      at either -20 or -70 degrees C and then thawed and refrozen up to four times
      remained unchanged. In addition, the biological and immunological activity of LH
      was not affected after vortexing samples of plasma or serum for up to 60 s.
      Bioactive LH was also stable in plasma samples after prolonged storage (up to 9
      months) at either -70 or -20 degrees C. We conclude that LH bioactivity and
      immunoreactivity are stable in blood and plasma following a variety of treatments
      commonly experienced during normal handling of a blood sample after venepuncture.

PMID- 3356957
TI  - Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin in hypothalamo-hypophysial portal blood
      of the Brattleboro and Long-Evans rat: effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone.
AB  - Immunoreactive vasopressin and oxytocin were measured in the hypothalamo
      hypophysial portal blood of both Long-Evans and homozygous Brattleboro rats.
      Adrenalectomy caused an increase in vasopressin immunoreactivity in portal blood
      in the Long-Evans strain, whilst administration of dexamethasone to these
      adrenalectomized animals resulted in a reduction in portal vasopressin
      immunoreactivity to levels below those seen in sham-operated animals. This
      vasopressin immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic vasopressin on high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and diluted in parallel in radio
      immunoassay. In Brattleboro rats, however, although vasopressin-like
      immunoreactivity was detected, the portal concentration did not vary with the
      adrenal status of the animal, nor did it show the characteristics of standard
      vasopressin on HPLC or in immunoassay. Oxytocin was present in the portal blood
      of both Long-Evans and Brattleboro rats at similar very high concentrations, but
      did not vary in response to adrenalectomy. These results are consistent with a
      role for vasopressin, but not oxytocin, in the hypothalamic response to
      adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid feedback. Neither vasopressin immunoreactivity
      nor oxytocin appear to subserve this role in the homozygous Brattleboro rat.

PMID- 3356958
TI  - Changes with age in the number and size of anterior pituitary cells in female
      mice from suckling to adulthood.
AB  - Changes with age in the number and size of anterior pituitary cells in female
      mice were calculated during their postnatal development by using a stereological
      morphometric study with electron microscopy. The number of parenchymal cells
      increased in mice from 20 to 30 days of age, and did not change around puberty,
      after which the number increased to the adult level. The number of somatotrophs
      increased with age in almost the same manner as the parenchymal cells. The number
      of lactotrophs increased with age and were significantly different each time they
      were measured. The number of non-granulated cells did not increase in mice from
      20 days of age to adulthood; at 20 days of age, the number was at the same level
      as in the adult mice. The other types of cells increased by only a small number.
      The sizes of all types of cells increased during postnatal life. Somatotrophs and
      lactotrophs became the same size as in adults by the onset of puberty. Non
      granulated cells and other types of cells reached adult size at 5 days after
      puberty. Lactotrophs and somatotrophs had adult ultrastructural features on the
      day of puberty. Sizes and ultrastructural features of anterior pituitary cells
      reached adult levels on the day of puberty, but their numbers were still fewer
      than in adult mice. The increase in the volume of the anterior pituitary with age
      arose mostly from an increase in the number and the size of somatotrophs and
      lactotrophs before puberty, increases in the size of somatotrophs and the number
      of lactotrophs around puberty, and an increase in the number of both types of
      cells after puberty.

PMID- 3356959
TI  - Monoclonal antibody enhancement of the effects of human growth hormone on growth
      and body composition in mice.
AB  - Dwarf mice were treated for 10 days with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), human
      growth hormone (hGH) or hGH with monoclonal antibody EB1 (hGH/MAB-EB1); for each
      treatment there were three groups which received 50, 75 or 100% of the amount of
      food eaten when available ad libitum. The PBS control groups lost more or gained
      less weight than equivalent groups receiving hGH alone, and mice given hGH/MAB
      EB1 showed a greater weight gain than those in comparable groups receiving hGH
      alone. When weight gain or loss was expressed as g/g food eaten, groups treated
      with hGH gained more or lost less than the PBS groups. Similarly, weight gain/g
      food was significantly greater in hGH/MAB-EB1 animals than in the comparable
      groups given hGH alone. A similar pattern of response was observed for increases
      in tail length and uptake of 35SO42- into costal cartilage in vivo. For mice
      given hGH alone, fat content was decreased compared with that in the equivalent
      group given PBS, and mice treated with hGH/MAB-EB1 had less fat than the
      equivalent group given hGH alone. Administration of hGH alone caused a
      concomitant increase in protein content and body weight such that, compared with
      mice given PBS, there was no significant increase in protein as a proportion of
      body weight. However, hGH/MAB-EB1 caused an increase in whole body protein which
      was significantly greater than that for the equivalent group given hGH alone,
      when expressed as per cent body weight. Monoclonal antibody EB1 has been shown to
      enhance the actions of hGH on growth and body composition in Snell dwarf mice and
      to increase food conversion efficiency.

PMID- 3356960
TI  - 7th joint meeting of British endocrine societies. 18-21 April 1988, Exeter.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3356961
TI  - A functional analysis of the primary upstroke and downstroke muscles in the
      domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during flight.
AB  - In domestic pigeons (Columba livia), the electrical activity of the major
      depressor muscle of the wing, the pectoralis (pars thoracicus), beings in late
      upstroke well before the wing begins its downstroke excursion. The two
      architecturally distinct heads of the pectoralis, the sternobrachialis and the
      thoracobrachialis, are differentially recruited during take-off, level flight and
      landing. In addition to wing depression, the sternobrachialis protracts the
      humerus and the thoracobrachialis retracts the humerus. At the point of
      transition from wing upstroke to downstroke, the pectoralis EMG signal typically
      exhibits a reduction in amplitude. The supracoracoideus, in addition to an
      expected EMG associated with wing elevation, is co-activated with the pectoralis
      about 50% of the time.

PMID- 3356962
TI  - The distribution of branchial carbonic anhydrase and the effects of gill and
      erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the channel catfish Ictalurus
      punctatus.
AB  - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was assayed in lysed erythrocytes and in
      branchial cytoplasm, mitochondria and microsomes of the channel catfish,
      Ictalurus punctatus. Branchial CA activity was highest in the cytoplasmic
      fraction, but activity was very low in mitochondria and microsomes. Erythrocyte
      CA activity was over four-fold greater than that in the gills. Intact animals
      were injected with the CA inhibitors acetazolamide and benzolamide. Slow, intra
      arterial injection of both inhibitors elicited transient side effects of apnoea,
      bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Acetazolamide and benzolamide induced a mixed but
      primarily respiratory acidosis. The onset and the time course of the acidosis
      were correlated with the inhibition of erythrocyte CA; acetazolamide acted faster
      because it is more freely diffusible than benzolamide. The acid-base disturbance
      in the blood reached its maximum after 2 h; compensation was delayed until 24 h,
      when CA inhibition began to disappear. We conclude from these results that there
      is very little, if any, membrane-associated CA in the gill, and that the
      branchial enzyme is not quantitatively important in directly converting plasma
      HCO3- to CO2 for excretion. Rather, CO2 excretion is accomplished via the
      traditional chloride shift, followed by intracellular dehydration of HCO3- by
      erythrocyte CA. These results also suggest that branchial cytoplasmic CA
      inhibition might impair ion transport processes that are used to compensate blood
      acid-base disturbances and thus delay compensation of the respiratory acidosis.

PMID- 3356963
TI  - Homing of magnetized and demagnetized pigeons.
AB  - Homing pigeons appear to use the earth's magnetic field as a compass and perhaps
      as part of their position-finding system or 'map'. The sensory system they use to
      detect magnetic fields is unknown, but two current possibilities are some mode of
      response by the pineal organ or by the visual system, or it may be based on the
      magnetite crystals found in their heads. Three series of experiments to test the
      involvement of magnetite are reported here. The alignment of the permanent
      magnetic domains in the birds heads was altered by (a) demagnetizing the birds,
      (b) magnetizing them with a strong magnetic field and (c) exposing the birds to a
      strong magnetic gradient. None of these treatments had a marked effect on the
      pigeon's orientation or homing under sunny skies, but a few results obtained
      under overcast skies suggest that demagnetizing the birds may have increased the
      scatter of their vanishing bearings. Perhaps pigeons use one magnetic sensor for
      their magnetic compass and another for some component of the map.

PMID- 3356964
TI  - Chromatophore motor fields in the squid, Lolliguncula brevis.
AB  - Chromatophore motoneurones in Lolliguncula brevis are known to originate in the
      suboesophageal lobes of the brain and to project directly to the mantle and fin
      through bilateral stellate ganglia and fin nerves. The chromatophore motor fields
      of stellar and fin nerves were investigated by stimulation of the cut end of
      individual nerves in a semi-intact preparation. This elicited expansion of yellow
      and brown chromatophores in distinct motor fields. Brown chromatophores extended
      over the entire mantle, whereas yellow chromatophores were limited to the dorsal
      and lateral mantle areas. Combined nerve stimulation and lesions demonstrated
      substantial overlap between adjacent chromatophore motor fields and innervation
      of individual chromatophores by different stellar nerves.

PMID- 3356965
TI  - Cardiovascular and respiratory responses in Thoroughbred horses during treadmill
      exercise.
AB  - Six detrained Thoroughbred horses performed incremental treadmill tests. Maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured during exercise by analysis of expired gas.
      The relationships between oxygen consumption (VO2) and work rate, heart rate
      (HR), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV) and arteriovenous oxygen content
      difference [C(a-v)O2] were examined during submaximal and maximal exercise. The
      relative contributions of blood flow and extraction of oxygen from muscle
      capillaries were assessed during exercise at VO2max. Mean VO2max was 129.7 +/-
      2.9 (mean +/- S.E.M.) ml kg-1 min-1, which occurred at a mean speed of 8.0 ms-1,
      with the treadmill set at a slope of 10%. At VO2max the mean HR was 222 +/- 7
      beats min-1. Maximal Q was 534 +/- 22 ml kg-1 min-1 and mean SV was 2.4 +/- 0.1
      ml kg-1. Mean C(a-v)O2 was 24.5 +/- 1.2 ml 100 ml-1 blood. Linear relationships
      were found between VO2 and work rate, HR, Q and C(a-v)O2. Stroke volume did not
      increase significantly during exercise. Increasing metabolic rate during exercise
      was associated with linear increases in arterial haemoglobin concentration and
      oxygen content, and decreases in arterial oxygen partial pressures and
      haemoglobin saturation. We conclude that the relatively high VO2max in the
      detrained Thoroughbred racehorse is dependent on the generation of a large C(a
      v)O2, despite development of hypoxaemia and haemoglobin desaturation, during
      strenuous exercise.

PMID- 3356966
TI  - A simple, sensitive and versatile solid-state pressure transducer.

PMID- 3356967
TI  - Heart rate and gas exchange in freely diving American mink (Mustela vision).

PMID- 3356968
TI  - Extracellular killing of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes by macrophage
      precursors derived from bone marrow cultures.
AB  - Flagellates of the genus Leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites of
      vertebrates including man. The microorganisms reside and multiply inside the
      phagolysosomes of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. We here report on
      the spontaneous leishmanicidal activity exerted extracellularly by immature cells
      of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Highly purified, bone marrow-derived
      macrophage precursor cells displayed a strong spontaneous leishmanicidal activity
      already at very low effector/target rations (3:1, 6:1). This leishmanicidal
      activity was effective against both promastigotes and amastigotes as targets. The
      cytotoxic effect was evident within 4 h and maximal after 12 h of effector-target
      organism cocultivation, as determined by a radiolabel-release assay. An intimate
      cell-cell contact seemed necessary for the parasites to be killed.

PMID- 3356970
TI  - Positive mononucleosis tests.

PMID- 3356969
TI  - Characterization of an immunodominant Onchocerca volvulus antigen with patient
      sera and a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Adult Onchocerca voluvlus and infective larvae, but not microfilariae contain an
      immunodominant antigen (33,000 and 21,000 Mr in females, 39,000, 33,000, and
      21,000 Mr in males, 133,000 Mr in infective larvae) which is recognized by an
      Onchocerca-specific mAb. The component is part of the reproductive organs and
      muscles. 96.2% of onchocerciasis sera contained antibodies detectable by
      immunoblotting against it. Antigen purified by immunoaffinity chromatography was
      specifically recognized in immunoblots by onchocerciasis sera, but not by sera
      from other filarial infections. The high immunogenicity, the specificity, and the
      occurrence in infective larvae of this antigen indicate an immunodiagnostic
      potential and a possible role in the immunobiology of the parasite.

PMID- 3356971
TI  - Effectiveness of smoking cessation approaches.

PMID- 3356972
TI  - Smoking cessation counseling by family physicians.

PMID- 3356973
TI  - On truth telling and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Whether to inform patients that they have Alzheimer's disease can be a vexing
      issue. Two approaches to medical ethics may be used to address this issue: one
      takes a strong rights-oriented position; the other takes a best-outcome position.
      The interests that patients have in knowing relate to both schools of thought.
      The authors surveyed 224 adult patients who were waiting to see their physicians.
      The findings showed that over 90 percent of patients want to be told of the
      diagnosis. Reasons for wanting to be told included making plans for care,
      obtaining a second opinion, and settling family matters. No demographic markers
      could be used to predict who would not be told. Even though several patients
      indicated that reading a case description made them feel suicidal, reactions to
      not being told are generally negative. Following either ethical approach leads to
      the conclusion that patients ought to be told. Subjects' interests in whom else
      should be told were also recorded, raising questions of confidentiality.

PMID- 3356974
TI  - Reading and interpreting genograms: a systematic approach.
AB  - Family physicians continue to struggle with the problem of how to make optimal
      use of family information in everyday clinical practice. One important task in
      addressing this problem is describing systematically the categories of family
      information that are incorporated into the usual clinical problem-solving process
      used by physicians. In this article the usefulness of the genogram as a data
      gathering and assessment tool is reexamined, and six information categories that
      can be used for generating and testing clinical hypotheses are outlined. Three
      clinical case studies are presented to demonstrate how physicians can read and
      interpret genograms systematically.

PMID- 3356975
TI  - Family medicine residency training--three or four years?
AB  - Opinions about a four-year family practice residency were elicited from a
      nationally representative sample of three groups of family physicians.
      Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of 308 residency graduates aged 30
      to 35 years, all 383 residency directors, and a random sample of 319 third-year
      residents. Two mailings produced an 82 percent response rate. A four-year
      residency was favored by 32 percent of recent graduates, 20 percent of program
      directors, and 34 percent of third-year residents. Over 60 percent of residents
      and recent graduates would have entered a family practice program had the
      residency been of four years' duration. Perceived barriers to a four-year
      residency included lack of resources, loss of appeal, and the additional time
      commitment. Respondents were most willing to complete a fourth year of residency
      to receive additional training in orthopedics, obstetrics, gynecology, and
      pediatrics. Many respondents believed that the additional year would be helpful
      in obtaining hospital privileges in obstetrics and in coronary care and intensive
      care units. This study provides information useful in discussions regarding
      extending residency training.

PMID- 3356976
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase for treatment of acute myocardial infarction in small
      hospitals.

PMID- 3356977
TI  - Model for teaching cervical dilation and uterine curettage.

PMID- 3356978
TI  - Characterization of attenuated strains of Rift Valley fever virus.
AB  - The wild-type ZH501 strain of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus and two small-plaque
      strains (T1 and T46) derived from it were characterized by plaque size,
      pathogenicity for hamsters and ability to replicate in Vero cells. Additionally,
      a mutagenized, attenuated, large-plaque, vaccine-candidate strain of RVF virus
      (ZH548-M12) was also studied. Infections with either the ZH501 or T46 strain were
      uniformly fatal to hamsters. In contrast, nearly all hamsters infected with
      either the T1 or ZH548-M12 strains survived and were immune to challenge with
      10(5) LD50 of the ZH501 strain. Both of these attenuated strains failed to
      replicate in Vero cells maintained at 41 degrees C, whereas the more virulent
      strains (ZH501 and T46) replicated at this temperature. The low virulence and
      ability to induce protection against lethal RVF virus challenge that is
      associated with the T1 and ZH548-M12 strains make them potential vaccine
      candidates.

PMID- 3356979
TI  - Size and antigenic comparisons among the structural proteins of selected
      autonomous parvoviruses.
AB  - The size and antigenic relationships among structural proteins (VPs) of canine
      parvovirus (CPV), feline parvovirus (FPV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), minute virus
      of mice (MVM) and bovine parvovirus (BPV) were determined by SDS-PAGE of
      radiolabelled, purified virus and immunoprecipitated viral proteins. Mature
      virions of CPV, FPV, PPV and MVM were composed of three VPs designated VP1, VP2
      and VP3. The corresponding proteins of each virus were similar in molecular
      weight [79,000 to 82,500 (VP1), 65,000 to 66,000 (VP2), 62,000 to 63,500 (VP3)].
      Additional similarities among VPs were indicated by antigenic relationships which
      included precipitation of VPs of CPV, FPV and PPV by both homologous antisera and
      antisera raised to each of the other two viruses and by precipitation of VPs of
      MVM by cat anti-FPV sera. A non-structural protein identified in lysates of cells
      infected with FPV and CPV was precipitated by cat anti-FPV and dog anti-CPV sera
      only. Mature virions of BPV were composed of four VPs [74,500 (VP1), 67,000
      (VP2), 60,000 (VP3), 57,500 (VP4)] which were antigenically unrelated to those of
      the other parvoviruses tested. However, the possibility that swine are sometimes
      infected with a virus which is antigenically related to BPV was suggested by the
      finding that sera from conventionally raised swine, irrespective of their
      serological status for PPV, precipitated VPs of BPV, whereas neither pre-exposure
      sera nor anti-PPV sera from gnotobiotic pigs did so.

PMID- 3356980
TI  - The glycoprotein of influenza C virus is the haemagglutinin, esterase and fusion
      factor.
AB  - Of the biological activities of influenza C virus, haemagglutination, receptor
      inactivation and fusion, only the latter has been conclusively correlated with
      its surface glycoprotein (gp). We have purified the gp by octylglucoside
      treatment of influenza C virions followed by centrifugation into a sucrose
      gradient. Evidence was obtained that gp also represents the receptor-destroying
      enzyme of influenza C virus, which has been characterized as a neuraminate 9-O
      acetylesterase: (i) it inactivated the receptors for influenza C virus on chicken
      erythrocytes; (ii) it had acetylesterase activity as indicated by the release of
      acetate from bovine submandibulary mucin; (iii) monoclonal antibodies directed
      against gp inhibited the acetylesterase activity of influenza C virus. Although
      purified gp was unable to agglutinate chicken red blood cells, it blocked
      haemagglutination by viruses. This finding as well as the haemagglutination
      inhibition activity of monoclonal anti-gp antibodies indicate that gp is also
      responsible for the haemagglutinating activity of influenza C virus. Thus, as the
      influenza C glycoprotein is the only myxovirus glycoprotein with three different
      activities, we propose the designation HEF in order to describe its function as a
      haemagglutinin (H), an esterase (E) and a fusion factor (F).

PMID- 3356981
TI  - Characterization of a virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis.
AB  - A virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis was purified and its morphology
      and structural polypeptides were compared with those of the bovine, human and
      murine members of the genus Pneumovirus. The isolate possessed surface
      projections 13 to 14 nm in length and a helical nucleocapsid 14 nm in diameter
      with a pitch of 7 nm. Approximately seven presumed viral polypeptides were
      observed. Their apparent molecular weights were 200 x 10(3) (200K), 84K, 54K,
      42K, 37K, 31K and 14K; two of these, the 84K and 54K polypeptides, were
      glycosylated. The virus was shown to possess many features that were similar to
      established pneumoviruses and can therefore be regarded as a possible member of
      this genus.

PMID- 3356982
TI  - Turkey rhinotracheitis virus: in vivo and in vitro polypeptide synthesis.
AB  - Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus is a paramyxovirus associated with recent
      outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in turkeys. On morphological criteria it
      resembles the pneumoviruses more than the other members of the paramyxovirus
      family. In this communication we report the identification of five virus-induced
      polypeptides in TRT virus-infected BS-C-1 cells. The Mr of these polypeptides
      were estimated as 38K, 35K, 30K, 19K and 15K from their electrophoretic mobility
      in SDS-polyacrylamide 6 to 15% gradient gels. The virus specificity of four (the
      38K, 35K, 30K and 19K Mr polypeptides) of these five was confirmed by their
      predominance as products of in vitro translation of mRNA from TRT virus-infected
      BS-C-1 cells. An additional virus-specific polypeptide with an estimated Mr of
      22K was revealed by in vitro translation and may be either a non-structural
      polypeptide or a minor structural protein. All six polypeptides were
      immunoprecipitated by a murine antiserum. Three other polypeptides (129K, 57K and
      45K) were also immunoprecipitated. The 57K, 45K and 15K Mr polypeptides were
      glycosylated, and the 57K glycopolypeptide may be a disulphide-bonded dimer of
      the 45K and 15K glycopolypeptides. Another major glycopolypeptide of 83K Mr was
      observed but its virus-specificity could not be confirmed. Taken together our
      results tentatively identify eight or nine TRT virus-specified polypeptides and
      are consistent with the classification of TRT virus as a new member of the genus
      Pneumovirus.

PMID- 3356983
TI  - Restricted synthesis of the fusion protein of measles virus at elevated
      temperatures.
AB  - The elevation of culture temperatures from 35 degrees C to 39 degrees C led to
      the cessation of the synthesis of the fusion (F) protein of measles virus. This
      effect was caused by inhibition of the translation of the corresponding mRNA
      rather than by a decrease in the synthesis or stability of the mRNA or by
      increased degradation of the F protein at elevated temperatures. The
      haemagglutinin (H) and F mRNAs were distributed differently in gradients on which
      polysomes were fractionated. The H mRNA was present almost exclusively in the
      largest polysomes whereas the F mRNA was more evenly distributed over large and
      small polysomes. The distribution was not affected by a temperature shift. The
      inhibition of F protein synthesis thus appeared to be related to a cessation of
      elongation of the nascent polypeptide chain rather than to a defect in initiation
      of the translation of the F mRNA at 39 degrees C.

PMID- 3356984
TI  - 24 hour changes in catecholamine content of rat thyroid and submaxillary glands.
AB  - The occurrence of diurnal rhythmicity in tissue norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine
      (E) and dopamine (DA) levels of rat thyroid and submaxillary glands was assessed
      in animals killed at eight time intervals during a 24 hour period. In both
      tissues significant peak values of NE content were found at the third hour of
      dark onset (at 23:00 h). Additionally a minimum of NE content of thyroid gland
      was apparent in rats killed at the fifth hour of photophase (at 11:00 h). As in
      the case of NE, peak values of E content were found during the scotophase in both
      tissues examined. In contrast, DA levels exhibited no diurnal rhythmicity in the
      rat thyroid gland, and an early rise at the beginning of the photophase in the
      submaxillary glands. These results support an activation of the sympathetic
      nervous system innervating the thyroid and submaxillary glands at the beginning
      of the scotophase. Tissue DA levels do not resemble the activity of peripheral
      sympathetic nerves in the tissues examined.

PMID- 3356985
TI  - Serotonergic and adrenergic receptors in alcohol-preferring and non-preferring
      rats.
AB  - Serotonergic and adrenergic receptors in brain areas of the alcohol-preferring P
      and alcohol-nonpreferring NP rats were compared by radioligand-binding assays.
      Binding of 3H-serotonin (3H-5HT) to 5HT-1 receptors in membranes of cerebral
      cortex and hippocampus was significantly higher in density (B max values) and
      affinity (Kd values) in the P than in the NP rats, whereas B max values in
      membranes from the brain stem of the P rats were lower than those of the NP rats.
      No significant difference between the P and NP lines was observed when the
      binding of 3H-ketanserin to 5HT-2 receptors and of 3H-WB4101, 3H-clonidine and 3H
      dihydoalprenolol to alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-adrenergic receptors was compared.
      The increase of 3H-5HT binding probably indicates up-regulation or
      supersensitivity of 5HT-1 receptors as a compensatory mechanism to the lower
      levels of 5HT in brain areas of the P rats (Murphy, et al., 1982).

PMID- 3356986
TI  - Three categories of the degenerative appearance of the human cerebellar dentate
      nucleus. A morphometric and morphological study.
AB  - This morphometric and morphological study demonstrates 3 categories (types A, B
      and C) of degenerative feature in the cerebellar dentate nucleus. Type A is
      characterized by neuronal loss, astrocytosis and granular and/or amorphous
      argyrophilic change around the neurons and neuronal processes, and this type was
      thought to be synonymous with the so-called grumose degeneration of the DN. Type
      B is characterized by extensive neuronal loss and astrocytosis without
      argyrophilic change, and it was considered that many diverse factors were
      responsible for type B. Type C features marked swelling of the neurons without
      neuronal loss, astrocytosis or argyrophilic change. The Purkinje cells were not
      involved in type A and C, but severely damaged in type B. Clinically, type A was
      observed in progressive supranuclear palsy and dentatorubropallidoluysian
      atrophy, type B extensively in many diseases including anoxic, toxic and
      infectious disorders, and type C in tardive dyskinesia manifesting with oral
      hyperkinesia. Types A and C may be more or less specific signs of degeneration of
      the dentate nucleus, whereas type B appears to be non-specific.

PMID- 3356987
TI  - Immaturity of muscle fibers in the congenital form of myotonic dystrophy: its
      consequences and its origin.
AB  - Skeletal muscle maturation is impaired in children with congenital myotonic
      dystrophy. This immaturity is characterized at the light microscopy level by an
      abnormal presence of myotubes, small fascicles of muscle fibers, thin myofibers,
      and delayed muscle fiber type differentiation with a peripheral halo lacking
      mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity. At an ultrastructural level, the
      characteristics are a paucity of myofibrils with a peripheral rim devoid of
      mitochondria and myofibrils in the fibers. In time the muscle is able to gain a
      certain degree of maturity as shown in one of our cases who had two successive
      muscle biopsies. The muscle, however, never becomes normal but retains
      discrepancies in fiber size and fiber type distribution and shows some fiber
      necrosis. Maturation of the motoneurons is normal, which may explain necrosis of
      immature muscle fibers. In an experimental study carried out to look for evidence
      of a circulatory factor in mothers of children with congenital myotonic
      dystrophy, it was found that sera from these mothers administered intra
      peritoneally to newborn rats does in fact impair muscle maturation, whereas rats
      injected similarly with sera from control women showed normal muscle maturation.

PMID- 3356988
TI  - Morphological differentiation of human muscle cocultured with mouse spinal cord.
AB  - Human muscle fibres have been cocultured with sections of embryonic mouse spinal
      cord for periods of up to 2 months. The muscle fibres regenerated to form a
      bundle of myotubes, a proportion of which developed cross-striations and
      contractions. This proportion was variable between biopsies, and morphological
      differentiation was not as successful as when mouse muscle and mouse nerve were
      cultured together. Regeneration and morphological differentiation were unaffected
      by storing samples in liquid nitrogen, and were not improved by the presence of
      original synaptic areas in the explanted bundle or by alterations in the growth
      media. These involved changing the levels of serum and embryo extract, using
      different sources of serum, and the incorporation of additives in the medium. A
      comparison of the growth characteristics of samples of muscle from 30 patients
      (including some control samples) indicated that although muscle from younger
      patients (less than 14 years) regenerated more quickly, the myotubes did not have
      better differentiation. It also indicated that the growth characteristics of
      regenerated myotubes from diseased and normal muscle were indistinguishable
      within the 4-8 weeks observation period. Muscle from patients with Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy regenerated and differentiated less well than would be
      expected from age-matched controls, but this was not thought to reflect an
      intrinsic abnormality in the regenerative capacity of the muscle.

PMID- 3356989
TI  - Increased blood concentration of des-Arg9-bradykinin in experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis.
AB  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a delayed cell-mediated
      autoimmune reaction to myelin basic protein. The neuropathology of this acute
      inflammatory process is characterized by cellular infiltration of the
      perivascular nervous parenchyma which increases the blood-brain barrier
      permeability. There is good evidence for an activation of the kallikrein-kinin
      system during inflammation. In order to assess blood concentrations of kinins in
      a group of 21 New Zealand rabbits in the acute phase of EAE and a group of 12
      normal controls, we performed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. All
      subjects in the encephalomyelitic group were inoculated with 0.05 ml of an
      antigenic preparation. They all developed neurological deficits on average 30
      days later and within 4 days 10 ml of arterial blood were withdrawn for
      radioimmunoassay of kinins. On the same days their central nervous system was
      dissected and prepared for staining and histological study. We demonstrated a
      significant difference in bradykinin blood concentration between the
      encephalomyelitic (170.6 pg/ml) and the control (245.8 pg/ml) groups. There is
      also a significant difference in des-Arg9-bradykinin blood concentration between
      the encephalomyelitic (168.0 pg/ml) and the control (96.1 pg/ml) groups. These
      results suggest an activation of circulating carboxypeptidases involved in the
      transformation of bradykinin into des-Arg9-bradykinin during EAE.

PMID- 3356990
TI  - Tumorigenicity of six clones of a cultured neoplastic cell line derived from a
      spontaneous murine astrocytoma: morphology and immunocytochemistry of tumours.
AB  - Six clones obtained from the neoplastic, astrocytic murine cell line VMDk P497
      were injected intracerebrally into syngeneic hosts and the tumorigenicity of each
      clone was established. Five of the 6 clones produced tumours with incidences
      ranging from 25% to 100% and mean latencies of 43-100 days, according to the
      clone injected. Histological, immunocytochemical and electron microscopical
      examination of the resulting tumours revealed differences in the degree of
      invasiveness, but otherwise only slight variations in phenotype between the
      clones. Generally, the tumours were glioblastoma-like, showing a pleomorphic
      histoarchitectural pattern; the predominant cell types throughout were poorly
      differentiated, and lacked both antigenic and morphological characteristics,
      particularly the presence of intermediate filaments, of mature astrocytes. The
      basal lamina proteins, fibronectin and laminin, were, however, expressed in all
      tumours examined. This phenotypic change on cloning and syngeneic transplantation
      may be of considerable significance in future therapeutic studies using this
      glioma model.

PMID- 3356991
TI  - Pathology of congenital nemaline myopathy. A follow-up study.
AB  - This study was undertaken to review the development over 5-18 years of pathologic
      changes in 13 patients (4 male and 9 female) with congenital nemaline myopathy.
      Follow-up biopsies were compared with earlier biopsies and with published normal
      values as to quantity and location of nemaline bodies, secondary signs of
      myopathy, and in 6 patients as to muscle fiber type and size. Biopsy findings
      were correlated with the mobility and muscle power of the patient. The main
      differences in myofiber maturation in the patients as compared with normal
      myofiber maturation were: (1) deficient differentiation of type 2 fibers, (2)
      further increase of variation in fiber size with age, and (3) skewing in early
      adulthood of fiber size distribution curves toward the atrophic end. In ambulant
      patients, this skew seemed to be compensated with a population of hypertrophic
      fibers. The nemaline bodies tended to be located beneath the sarcolemma in the
      younger patients and inside the muscle fibers in the older patients. The quantity
      of nemaline bodies seemed to have increased with age. The clinical deterioration
      and the defective myofiber maturation in the patients together with an increase
      in internal nuclei and endomysial fat or fibrosis indicate an active disease
      process. This speaks against the generally held view that congenital nemaline
      myopathy is static.

PMID- 3356992
TI  - Familial multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Siblings of patients with multiple sclerosis have an increased risk of developing
      the disease. In this report we describe 3 families with multiple affected
      members, representing the largest published aggregation of cases in first degree
      relatives. In the 2 families in which HLA tissue-typing was performed the
      affected individuals shared part of the haplotype HLA-DR2 (+ HLA-DQW1), BfS (+
      C2C), C4A3, C4B1. The implications of these findings for the aetiology of
      multiple sclerosis are discussed.

PMID- 3356993
TI  - An immunohistological study of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and neuritis in the
      rabbit. Observations in the dorsal root ganglion using the freeze-dried paraffin
      embedded tissue technique.
AB  - Previous studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have shown that, in
      the central nervous system, the emigration of T-lymphocytes precedes that of
      mononuclear phagocytes during inflammatory lesion formation. In the present
      report, the formation of analogous lesions of autoimmune neuritis (EAN) was
      investigated in the dorsal root ganglia of rabbits immunized with homologous
      spinal cord in Freund's adjuvant. The relative time course of emigration of T
      lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes into the ganglia was examined using
      monoclonal antibody labeling of both types of cells in serial sections of freeze
      dried paraffin-embedded tissue. Results indicate that, unlike in the central
      nervous system, in the rabbit dorsal root ganglion T-lymphocytes and mononuclear
      phagocytes appear to emigrate simultaneously, as revealed by their concomitant
      presence in the earliest detectable lesions of EAN. It was also found that the
      cortical region of the rabbit dorsal root ganglion was a preferential site of EAN
      lesion formation, and that such lesions correlated well with the onset of
      clinical signs of paralysis. These results are discussed within the context of
      known "blood-tissue barriers" and the possible local modulation of inflammatory
      cell entry into regions of the nervous system.

PMID- 3356994
TI  - Atypical persisting fibres in explants of human muscle cocultured with embryonic
      nerve cells.
AB  - When samples of human muscle are cocultured with embryonic mouse spinal cord, the
      muscle fibres usually regenerate to form a bundle of new myotubes which become
      innervated and develop cross-striations and contractions. However, we have
      noticed that in some cultures of 6 biopsies of human muscle, there were fibres
      which "persisted" in the cultures for long periods of time without being replaced
      by regenerated myotubes. At both the light and electron microscopic levels, they
      appeared to be mature muscle with well-organized myofibrils, intact plasma
      membranes and closely-apposed basal laminae. At least some of the fibres
      contained adult myosin heavy chains. They were only found in freshly-cultured
      samples, and appeared to be associated with younger patients, but were not
      associated with any particular muscle condition. The nature of these persisting
      fibres is discussed, and we emphasize the need for sequential observation of
      cultures to ensure that fibres which have regenerated in culture are
      distinguished from those which have persisted from the original biopsy.

PMID- 3356995
TI  - The Boston residential NO2 characterization study: I. Preliminary evaluation of
      the survey methodology.

PMID- 3356996
TI  - Pulmonary function and symptom responses after 6.6-hour exposure to 0.12 ppm
      ozone with moderate exercise.

PMID- 3356997
TI  - Pulmonary response to ozone exposures in healthy individuals aged 55 years or
      greater.

PMID- 3356998
TI  - Direct-acting mutagenicity of diesel particulate extract is unchanged by addition
      of neat aromatic compounds to diesel fuel.

PMID- 3356999
TI  - Hazardous waste minimization. A strategy for environmental improvement.

PMID- 3357000
TI  - Respect for human life, its origin and the dignity of procreation.

PMID- 3357001
TI  - The global AIDS situation.

PMID- 3357002
TI  - Clinical chemosensitization by misonidazole and related compounds: a critical
      evaluation.

PMID- 3357003
TI  - Exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease: a commentary.

PMID- 3357004
TI  - Evolution of erythrocyte sedimentation rate as predictor of early relapse in
      posttherapy early-stage Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken at the Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR) to
      determine the predictive ability of changes in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      (ESR) during posttherapy periods for early relapse (within 18 months from start
      of therapy) and long-term survival in Hodgkin's disease (HD). Three hundred one
      patients with clinical stages (CS) I or II HD entered in the European
      Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) clinical trials were
      included in this study. All relevant data and long-term follow-up were available
      for these patients. A stepwise logistic regression was performed to assess the
      prognostic value of ESR changes independent of other prognostic parameters and
      treatment. The incidence of early relapse was found to be significantly increased
      in patients in whom ESR remained elevated (greater than 30 mm at one hour) after
      completion of therapy, regardless of the value before therapy. This was true
      whether the ESR was elevated in plateau fashion, oscillating between normal and
      abnormal, or was lower than at onset, but still abnormal. Moreover, early relapse
      predicted by elevated ESR posttherapy was associated with poor survival despite
      subsequent initiation of combination chemotherapy. Thus, the persistence of an
      abnormal ESR appears to be a reliable indicator for high probability of early
      relapse and subsequent poor prognosis. This might be introduced as a prognostic
      variable in the design of future therapy programs for HD.

PMID- 3357005
TI  - Psychosocial symptomatology, personal growth, and development among young adult
      patients following the diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma.
AB  - Leukemias and lymphomas, especially Hodgkin's disease, are common cancers in
      young adults. Young adulthood is also a critical period for psychological and
      social development. The occurrence of cancer can interfere with the development
      of independence, self-image, and life goals of young adult patients. Young adult
      patients with leukemia or lymphoma, especially those with less favorable
      prognoses, experience areas of significant personal growth and maturation during
      their illness and treatment. Close family and social supports report as much
      psychosocial stress, and in many cases more stress, than the patients themselves,
      but similar patterns of personal growth are rarely seen.

PMID- 3357006
TI  - Tumor response and toxicity after single high-dose versus standard five-day
      divided-dose dactinomycin in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - This report deals with a randomized prospective multicentric clinical trial in
      childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) conducted to evaluate the toxicity and the
      effectiveness of dactinomycin (ACT-D) administered as high, single doses v five
      day, divided doses administered in combination with vincristine (VCR) and
      cyclophosphamide (CYC). Fifty-five group III evaluable patients (pts) less than
      15 years of age with tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, without high-risk
      features of CNS involvement, and 15 group IV RMS pts were randomized to receive
      VAC as primary chemotherapy (CT): VCR, 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8;
      CYC, 275 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5; and ACT-D, 0.45 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5
      every 28 days for three cycles (33 pts), or VAC-M: CYC, 150 mg/m2 intramuscularly
      (IM) days 1 through 7; VCR, 2.0 mg/m2 IV day 8; and ACT-D, 1.7 mg/m2 IV day 8
      every 21 days for four cycles (37 pts). Major responses (complete plus partial
      responses [PR]) were obtained in 67% of the VAC pts and in 70% of the VAC-M pts.
      Toxic effects were low, and no increased toxicity was observed in pts treated
      with high, single-dose ACT-D. These results confirm the effectiveness and
      feasibility of single, high doses of ACT-D with the advantage of requiring less
      pt hospitalization.

PMID- 3357007
TI  - Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of thioguanine administered as a 48-hour continuous
      intraperitoneal infusion.
AB  - Thioguanine (TG) is an antimetabolite with established antileukemic activity. The
      most pharmacologically rational manner of TG administration is continuous
      infusion. Intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of TG provides the opportunity to
      definitively test the concept of high-dose, long-term antimetabolite
      administration. The high systemic clearance and in vitro activity of TG against
      ovarian carcinoma suggested that it would be an excellent candidate for IP
      administration as a prolonged infusion. TG was administered as a 48-hour
      continuous IP infusion in this phase I/pharmacokinetic study. TG infusions were
      administered using a portable, programmable pump (Pancretec Provider Model 2000;
      Pancretec, Inc, San Diego). Twenty-five patients were treated. At a dose of 900
      mg/m2/48 h, TG produced unacceptably severe myelosuppression. The dose-limiting
      toxicity was granulo-cytopenia. Other toxicities were mild: emesis, alopecia,
      skin rashes, and photosensitivity reactions. IP TG did not produce chemical
      peritonitis, hepatotoxicity, or mucositis. The pharmacokinetics of IP TG were
      determined in 16 patients. TG levels were measured by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At steady state, the mean peritoneal to
      plasma TG ratio was 1,800 at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Steady-state TG
      levels in the peritoneal cavity and plasma were 2 mmol/L and 1.1 mumol/L,
      respectively, at a dose of 744 mg/m2. The elimination half-life of TG from the
      peritoneal cavity was one hour. TG exhibited linear pharmacokinetics over the
      dosage range investigated. Encouraging clinical activity was seen with IP TG.
      There was one partial response (PR) and four minor responses (MR). TG can be
      safely administered by the IP route. The recommended dose for phase II testing is
      744 mg/m2/48 h. IP TG has a favorable pharmacokinetic advantage and has
      demonstrated encouraging clinical activity. Further studies of IP TG infusions
      are warranted.

PMID- 3357008
TI  - To perfuse or not to perfuse? A retrospective comparative study to evaluate the
      effect of adjuvant isolated regional perfusion in patients with stage I extremity
      melanoma with a thickness of 1.5 mm or greater.
AB  - The use of isolated regional perfusion in an adjuvant setting for stage I
      melanoma of the extremity continues to be controversial. The present
      retrospective study evaluates the past 20 years' experience by comparing 227
      perfused patients from Groningen with 238 matched controls from five hospitals in
      The Netherlands and Westphalia (a region of West Germany bordering the
      Netherlands). All patients underwent wide local excision for a primary extremity
      melanoma of 1.5 mm or greater in thickness. A proportional hazards regression
      analysis for recurrence of disease and survival identified the significant
      prognostic factors, of which tumor thickness was the most important. Corrected
      for these factors, it was not possible to demonstrate a statistically significant
      effect for perfusion in terms of time to limb recurrence (P = .61), time to
      regional lymph node metastasis (P = .11), time to distant metastasis (P = .73),
      disease-free interval (P = .42), and survival (P = .90). No statistically
      significant differences were seen for adjuvant perfusion in any of the subgroups.

PMID- 3357009
TI  - Tamoxifen rechallenge.

PMID- 3357010
TI  - Nodose placode contributes autonomic neurons to the heart in the absence of
      cardiac neural crest.
AB  - The objective of this research was to determine the origin of the cholinergic
      neurons that populate the heart following ablation of the neural crest area,
      which normally gives rise to the cardiac ganglia. Using ablation of various areas
      of surface ectoderm--including neural crest migrating to the heart, nodose
      placode, and neural crest plus nodose placode--it was determined that
      regeneration of the neural component of cardiac neural crest did not occur in the
      absence of the nodose placodes. When cells from the nodose placode were followed
      in quail to chick chimeras of nodose placode with ablated cardiac neural crest,
      quail nodose placode-derived neurons were found in the cardiac ganglia. These
      results explain the "regeneration" of cholinergic cardiac ganglia in embryos
      lacking cardiac neural crest.

PMID- 3357011
TI  - Synaptic vesicle redistribution during hippocampal frequency potentiation and
      depression in young and aged rats.
AB  - Technical complexities associated with studies of defined synapses in the
      mammalian CNS have made it difficult to determine whether CNS synaptic vesicles
      respond to repetitive monosynaptic activation in the same ways as do PNS
      vesicles. Moreover, even in the PNS, the specific ultrastructural correlates of
      short-term synaptic potentiation are not well characterized. In the present
      studies, therefore, the Schaffer collateral-commissural fiber projection to field
      CA1 of the hippocampus was used as a model brain system in which to assess
      quantitative relations between dynamic vesicle patterns and frequency
      potentiation and depression. Anesthetized rats were perfused with aldehyde
      fixative during stimulation trains and concomitant microelectrode recording in
      order to study temporal correlations between physiology and synaptic structure.
      In addition, young and aged animals were compared to determine whether there are
      ultrastructural correlates of a previously described age-related impairment of
      hippocampal frequency potentiation. After 1 min of 10 Hz synaptic stimulation
      (stim), frequency potentiation of the population spike was correlated with
      increases in local vesicles (LV; within 150 nm of the active zone) and in
      vesicles directly apposed (AV) to the active zone membrane of CA 1 synapses. In
      addition, the ratio LVD: DVD of local-to-distant vesicle (DV; beyond 150 nm)
      densities was increased under all stimulation conditions. After 10 min of 10 Hz
      stim, or 1 min of 40 Hz stim, some vesicle depletion (approximately 25%) was
      present, as was some spike depression or decline from peak potentiation. However,
      LV depletion was not well correlated with degree of spike depression. Mean
      dendritic spine area was also increased in association with potentiation (at 1
      min of 10 Hz stim) in young rats. Membrane infoldings similar to the cisternae
      described in other systems were seen with repetitive stimulation, providing
      evidence of vesicle recycling in these CNS terminals. In comparison to young
      control animals, terminals in non-stimulated aged group control rats exhibited a
      higher LVD:DVD ratio and a reduced DVD. In addition, the stimulation-induced
      increase in AV at 1 min of 10 Hz stim was not present in aged rat synapses.
      However, no age-related differences in vesicle-density measures were found at any
      stimulation point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3357012
TI  - Neuronal organization of fetal striatal grafts in kainate- and sham-lesioned rat
      caudate nucleus: light- and electron-microscopic observations.
AB  - Behavioral and biochemical studies have suggested that fetal striatal grafts in
      the adult rat neostriatum can reverse deficits induced by excitotoxic lesions of
      the host caudate tissue. In this study, fetal day 17-18 striatal grafts were
      examined at 2, 5-6, 12, and 44-48 weeks following their implantation into saline-
      or kainic acid-treated host caudate nucleus in order to compare the neuronal
      organization of the grafts and the host caudate nucleus and to determine whether
      the differentiation of graft tissue was influenced by the period of implantation
      or prior lesion of the host caudate nucleus with kainic acid. Compared to host
      neostriatum, the grafts at the light-microscopic level lacked bundles of
      myelinated axons and had neurons that were tightly packed in clusters and rich in
      Nissl substance. Neurons in the grafts were mostly of medium size, had
      significantly larger cross-sectional areas, and more frequently exhibited
      indented nuclei than host caudate neurons. At the electron-microscopic level,
      grafts 2 weeks following implantation contained many features seen in the
      normally developing neostriatum, such as growth cones, immature synapses, and
      degenerating profiles. Grafts appeared mature by 5-6 weeks and contained at least
      6 types of neurons and 8 types of axon terminals, which formed synapses with cell
      bodies, dendrites, spines, and axon initial segments. Both symmetric and
      asymmetric synapses were found within the grafts. The density of synapses was
      significantly lower in all the transplants than in host tissue, with the
      exception of the 5-6 week grafts, where values were statistically comparable to
      host caudate. A significantly higher proportion of axodendritic synapses was
      present in the graft neuropil than in the caudate nucleus. The lengths of the
      synaptic junctions in the grafts were the same as those in the neostriatum. There
      was little qualitative or quantitative difference in synaptic organization
      between transplants in kainic acid and sham-lesioned host, with grafts in both
      host treatment conditions exhibiting the same synaptic density and proportion of
      axodendritic/axospinous synapses. The development of a high differentiated
      ultrastructure within striatal grafts is consistent with recent anatomical
      evidence showing interconnections between striatal grafts and host-lesioned
      caudate nucleus. Although graft neuropil shows striking similarities in neuronal
      organization to the caudate nucleus, it also exhibits some distinct differences
      that may have implications for understanding the functional properties of fetal
      striatal grafts in animal models of Huntington's disease.

PMID- 3357013
TI  - Analysis of discontinuity in visual contours in area 19 of the cat.
AB  - Previous ablation studies have suggested that area 19 of the cat plays an
      important role in pattern discrimination. To clarify the functional roles unique
      to area 19, we studied the receptive-field properties of cells in area 19 and
      compared them with those of cells in area 17. Recordings were made of
      anesthetized and immobilized animals. The majority (72%) of the cells in area 17
      responded maximally to an elongated bar at a particular orientation, while they
      responded only weakly or not at all to a small spot (elongation-requiring cells).
      In contrast, more than half (63%) of the cells in area 19 showed a good response
      to a nonoriented small stimulus moving in any direction (dot-responsive cells).
      Two-thirds of the dot-responsive cells in area 19 failed to respond when the
      moving slit was elongated to more than some length in any orientation. These dot
      responsive cells of the "inhibited-by-length" type responded strongly to the end
      of a long bar, and many of them also responded strongly to a break point in the
      middle of a long bar. We suggest that these dot-responsive cells of the
      "inhibited-by-length" type detect discontinuities in contours. Though they are in
      the minority, elongation-requiring cells constitute a considerable population
      (37%) in area 19, and dot-responsive and elongation-requiring cells from columnar
      patches in the same area. We conclude that, in contrast to area 17, whose main
      role is the decomposition of patterns into oriented contours, area 19 analyzes
      both orientation and discontinuities, with a strong bias towards the latter.

PMID- 3357014
TI  - Proliferation and differentiation of rat neuroepithelial precursor cells in vivo.
AB  - Important features of adult neuronal number, location, and type are a consequence
      of early embryonic events that occur before neurons have differentiated. We have
      measured cell number during embryogenesis of the rat CNS. Markers that are
      expressed in the proliferating neuronal precursor are required to study the
      mechanisms controlling their proliferation and differentiation. By applying
      immunohistochemistry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and 3H-thymidine auto
      radiography to dissociated rat CNS cells, we show that the monoclonal antibody
      Rat 401 recognizes a cell population with proliferative, temporal, and
      quantitative features expected of neuronal precursors.

PMID- 3357015
TI  - Spatially opponent excitation and inhibition in simple cells of the cat visual
      cortex.
AB  - The receptive fields of simple cells in the cat visual cortex are, by definition,
      divided into ON and OFF subfields. There is little doubt that each subfield is
      generated by excitatory input from geniculate neurons of the appropriate center
      type: ON subfields by ON-center cells, and OFF subfields by OFF-center cells. In
      intracellular records, ON subfields can be detected as regions in which light
      elicits a barrage of EPSPs, while in OFF subfields, turning a light off does the
      same. In addition, visual stimuli can evoke strong IPSPs, but these IPSPs have a
      receptive field spatially opponent to that of the EPSPs: Inhibition is evoked by
      turning a light off in an ON region and turning a light on in an OFF region. This
      inhibition probably arises from other cortical simple cells, and may contribute
      to such receptive-field properties as antagonism between subfields, binocular
      disparity sensitivity, and orientation selectivity.

PMID- 3357016
TI  - Development of ganglion cell topography in ferret retina.
AB  - The adult ferret has approximately 90,000 retinal ganglion cells, arranged in a
      prominent area centralis and visual streak. The role of differential cell
      generation, cell death, and retinal growth in the control of adult retinal
      ganglion cell number and distribution was evaluated by examining basic aspects of
      retinogenesis, including growth in retinal area, developmental changes in the
      number, size, and distribution of retinal ganglion cells (identification aided by
      retrograde transport of HRP), and the incidence of degenerating cells in the
      ganglion cell layer. Retinal development in the ferret was also compared to
      retinal development in the cat (which has an even more differentiated area
      centralis) to determine what alterations of developmental parameters are most
      closely associated with this species difference in adult morphology. The area of
      the retina increases linearly from birth (12 mm2) to postnatal day 24 (54 mm2),
      reaching an eventual adult value of 64 mm2. Ganglion cell numbers peak at 155,000
      (approximately twice the adult number) on postnatal day 3, and fall to adult
      numbers by postnatal day 6. The remaining cells of the ganglion cell layer,
      principally displaced amacrine cells, reach their peak number on postnatal day 10
      (approximately 280,000), falling to 200,000 by adulthood. Degenerating cells are
      abundant in the ganglion cell layer in the immediate postnatal period. A
      difference in the incidence of degenerating cells in the presumptive area
      centralis versus that in the retinal periphery was not observed postnatally,
      though there were other striking spatial nonuniformities, suggesting that
      differential cell loss might contribute to other features of retinal topographic
      organization. Ganglion cell density is virtually uniform across the retina at
      birth. Cell density is first reduced in the dorsal retina, resulting in a dorsal
      to-ventral gradient in cell density that persists until day 10, when ganglion
      cell number has stabilized. By postnatal day 24, an area centralis and visual
      streak has emerged, but not of adult magnitude. Because ganglion cell number has
      stabilized long before the area centralis and visual streak emerge, we conclude
      that differential retinal growth is the principal mechanism producing this
      feature of retinal topography. Comparison with the cat suggests that the
      proportionately greater nonuniform growth of the cat's eye accounts for the
      greater differentiation of its area centralis.

PMID- 3357017
TI  - Can oligodendrocytes attached to myelin proliferate?
AB  - The uptake of thymidine by oligodendrocytes in the brains of adult mice was
      examined after the induction of cortical traumatic lesions in an attempt to
      determine whether mature oligodendrocytes actively attached to myelin sheaths
      were capable of proliferating. In view of the great difficulty in visualizing the
      connection between a given oligodendrocyte and a myelin sheath even in the normal
      adult animal, the neuropil was made edematous in the traumatized animals in order
      to separate out the components and to study the oligodendrocyte processes. Uptake
      of tritiated thymidine was found in oligodendrocytes, as well as in endothelial
      cells, astrocytes, and microglia. The percentage of labeled oligodendrocytes
      appeared low in relation to the total number of the oligodendrocytes. In
      addition, in a few labeled cells, cytoplasmic processes could be seen extending
      to and apparently forming the myelin sheath. The possibility that a
      differentiated cell still attached to myelin may at the same time be able to
      proliferate is of great significance in understanding the potential for
      remyelination and recovery, in the adult, because it would imply that any
      oligodendrocyte is a candidate for proliferation, rather than only uncommitted or
      immature glial cells, which may be limited in the mature brain.

PMID- 3357018
TI  - The central projections of the stretch receptor neurons of crayfish: structure,
      variation, and postembryonic growth.
AB  - Each stretch receptor neuron (SR) of the crayfish abdomen projects from its
      peripherally located soma an axon that enters the CNS through the second nerve
      (N2) of its segmental ganglion. Co2+ backfills of N2 revealed that this axon
      bifurcates, sending one branch to the brain and the other to the terminal
      abdominal ganglion. Each axon makes many short lateral branches as it traverses
      each of the other segmental ganglia, and has 2 major arborizations--one in the
      tritocerebrum of the brain and the other in the terminal abdominal ganglion, G6.
      These projections to G6 are described in detail. Individual SR axons from
      different segments were impaled in G6 with a Lucifer yellow-filled
      microelectrode, identified physiologically, and then filled to discover their
      structures. In a sample of more than 50 SR neurons, no systematic structural
      differences between the projections of phasic SR neurons and tonic SR neurons
      were observed. Three kinds of structural variability occurred in these
      projections to G6: unusual primary axon shape, long primary axon, and large
      terminal varicosities. Comparisons of SR neurons that originated in different
      segments revealed a segmental gradient in the probability of each structural
      variant. SR neurons from more anterior segments were more likely to show these
      structural variations. Comparisons of these variations in crayfish of different
      sizes showed that unusual primary axon shape and long primary axons were more
      probable in large crayfish than in small ones. Therefore, these variations are
      probably the products of postembryonic growth of the nervous system.

PMID- 3357019
TI  - The central projections of the stretch receptor neurons of crayfish: segmental
      gradients of synaptic probability and strength.
AB  - The 20 stretch receptor neurons (SRs) of the crayfish abdomen send axons into the
      CNS that then project both to the brain and to the last abdominal ganglion, G6
      (Bastiani and Mulloney, 1988). In G6, we recorded intracellularly from different
      kinds of neurons postsynaptic to SR axons. In a sample of 100 postsynaptic
      neurons, 59 synapsed with both SR1 and SR2 axons, 19 synapsed only with SR1
      axons, and 22 synapsed only with SR2 axons. Most monosynaptic connections in G6
      were excitatory and behaved like typical chemical synapses. The EPSPs showed
      moderate facilitation but could be depressed about 50% by protracted stimulation
      at 20 Hz or more. In individual postsynaptic neurons, comparisons of synapses
      made by SRs that originated from different abdominal segments and from each side
      of the abdomen revealed gradients of probability of synaptic connection and of
      relative sizes of EPSPs; SRs originating in anterior segments were less likely to
      synapse with most postsynaptic neurons than were SRs originating in posterior
      segments, and the EPSPs caused by these anterior SRs tended to be smaller.
      Similarly, SRs contralateral to the postsynaptic neuron were less likely to make
      a connection, and the EPSPs they caused tended to be smaller than those caused by
      ipsilateral SRs. Some local interneurons in G6 had reversed anterior-posterior
      gradients in EPSP amplitude. Calculations of shape indices for PSPs from SRs
      originating in different segments and measurements of the maximum shunting by
      preceding PSPs from other SR axons indicated that neither electrotonic decrement
      in the postsynaptic neurons nor shunting could account fully for the observed
      gradients in PSP strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357020
TI  - Reticulospinal vasomotor neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla:
      relationship to sympathetic nerve activity and the C1 adrenergic cell group.
AB  - Neurons projecting from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) to the spinal
      cord were antidromically identified in rats anesthetized with urethane,
      paralyzed, and ventilated. The sites of lowest antidromic threshold were
      concentrated in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML). Their axonal conduction
      velocities were distributed bimodally, with the mean of the rapidly conducting
      fibers (greater than 1 m/sec) being 3.1 +/- 0.1 m/sec (n = 105), and of the
      slower axons being 0.8 +/- 0.03 m/sec (n = 25). Single-shock electrical
      stimulation of RVL elicited 2 bursts of excitation in splanchnic sympathetic
      nerve activity (SNA), which resulted from activation of 2 descending pathways
      with conduction velocities comparable to those of antidromically excited RVL
      spinal neurons. The probability of discharge of RVL-spinal cells was synchronized
      both with the cardiac-related bursts in SNA with functional baroreceptor reflexes
      and with the free-running 2-6 Hz bursts in SNA following baroreceptor afferent
      denervation. On the average, their spontaneous discharges occurred 67 +/- 2 msec
      (n = 31) prior to the peak of the spontaneous bursts in splanchnic SNA. This time
      corresponded to the latency to the peak of the early excitatory potential in
      splanchnic SNA following electrical stimulation of RVL. Baroreceptor reflex
      activation inhibited RVL-spinal neurons. The recording sites of RVL-spinal
      vasomotor neurons were consistently located within 100 micron of cell bodies (C1
      neurons) immunoreactive for the adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme phenylethanolamine
      N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Ultrastructural analysis of the lateral funiculus of
      the cervical and thoracic spinal cord demonstrated PNMT immunoreactivity within
      myelinated (0.6-2.1 micron diameter) and unmyelinated (0.1-0.8 micron diameter)
      axons. Estimated conduction velocities of these fibers were comparable to the
      antidromic conduction velocities of the rapidly and slowly conducting populations
      of RVL-spinal vasomotor neurons. We conclude that in rat, the discharge of RVL
      spinal vasomotor neurons strongly influences SNA: the baroreceptor-mediated
      inhibition of these neurons is reflected in the cardiac locking of SNA, while, in
      the absence of baroreceptor input, the synchronous discharge of RVL-spinal
      neurons maintains a free-running 2-6 Hz bursting pattern in SNA. RVL-spinal
      neurons are located within, and may be elements of, the C1 adrenergic cell group,
      and they provide a sympathoexcitatory drive to neurons in the IML over rapidly
      and slowly conducting pathways that correspond to myelinated and unmyelinated
      spinal axons containing PNMT.

PMID- 3357021
TI  - Development of cholinergic retinal neurons from embryonic chicken in monolayer
      cultures: stimulation by glial cell-derived factors.
AB  - In recent years evidence has indicated that, like the PNS, the development of the
      CNS is influenced by neuronotrophic polypeptide factors. In the present study,
      cultures of dissociated retinal neurons from 8-d-old chicken embryos were used to
      investigate the role of neuronotrophic factors (NTF) in the development of the
      neural retina. CAT, which in vivo is located in amacrine cells of the retina,
      served as a marker for studying the in vitro development of cholinergic retinal
      neurons. Differentiation of cholinergic cells under control conditions was
      indicated by a 10-fold increase of enzyme activity during a 7-d culture period.
      Addition of media conditioned by high-density retinal cultures resulted in a
      further stimulation of CAT activity by 100-400%. The CAT-stimulating activity was
      associated with a high-molecular-weight component of the retina conditioned
      medium (RCM) and was sensitive to protease treatment, but was not affected by
      other hydrolytic enzymes. The putative cholinergic factor was secreted by retinal
      cultures virtually free of neurons, suggesting that it is mainly produced by
      Muller cells. CAT-stimulating activity was also present in extracts from
      embryonic chicken retinae and medium conditioned by rat retinal cultures. NGF,
      anti-NGF antiserum, extracts from chicken brain tissues, and a number of other
      extracts and conditioned media, all known to contain neuronotrophic activities,
      were found to have no influence on cholinergic development in chicken retinal
      cultures. An extract from non-retinal eye tissue containing ciliary
      neuronotrophic factor (CNTF) stimulated CAT activity to the same extent as did
      RCM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357022
TI  - The projection from the superficial to the deep layers of the superior
      colliculus: an intracellular horseradish peroxidase injection study in the
      hamster.
AB  - Intracellular recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection techniques
      were employed to examine the projections of superficial layer [stratum griseum
      superficiale (SGS) and stratum opticum (SO)] superior collicular (SC) neurons in
      the hamster that sent axon collaterals into the deep laminae (those ventral to
      the SO) of this structure. Sixty-nine neurons were studied, selected from a
      sample of over 185 HRP-filled superficial layer cells on the basis of having
      heavily stained axons. Of the 69 cells included in the study, 43.4% (n = 30) sent
      at least one axon collateral to the deep laminae. Not all cell types in the
      superficial layers contributed equally to this interlaminar projection: 78.6% (n
      = 11) of the recovered wide-field vertical cells, 55.0% (n = 11) of the narrow
      field vertical cells, 16.7% (n = 2) of the stellate cells, 40.0% (n = 2) of the
      marginal cells, 18.2% (n = 2) of the horizontal cells, and 28.6% (n = 2) of
      neurons we could not classify on the basis of their somadendritic morphology
      projected to the deep layers. Within a given cell class, there were no
      significant morphological or physiological differences between the neurons that
      possessed deep axon collaterals and those that did not. The deep axon collaterals
      of most of the interlaminar projection neurons were restricted to the stratum
      griseum intermediate (SGI). In this layer, the largest segment of the axon arbor
      was located lateral to a projection line that was orthogonal to the SC surface
      and that passed through the soma of the cell in question. These results, along
      with those of a previous study (Mooney et al., 1984), which demonstrated that the
      dendrites of deep layer cells may extend through the SO and into the SGS,
      indicate that there is an extensive anatomical substrate by which sensory
      information may be communicated from superficial to deep layer SC neurons.

PMID- 3357023
TI  - Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. I.
      Intracellular response characteristics, synaptic responses, and morphology.
AB  - Stable intracellular recordings were obtained from nonpyramidal cells
      (interneurons) in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (L-M) of the CA1 region of guinea
      pig hippocampal slices. The intracellular response characteristics of these
      interneurons were distinctly different from responses of pyramidal cells and of
      other interneurons (basket cells and oriens-alveus interneurons). L-M
      interneurons had a high resting membrane potential (-58 mV), a high input
      resistance (64 M omega), and a large amplitude (60 mV), relatively long duration
      (2 msec) action potential. A large afterhyperpolarization (11 mV, 34 msec)
      followed a single action potential. Most L-M interneurons did not display any
      spontaneous firing. Lucifer yellow (LY)-filled L-M interneurons showed
      nonpyramidal morphology. Cells were generally fusiform or multipolar, with
      aspinous, beaded dendritic processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare,
      radiatum, and (sometimes) oriens. The varicose axon originated from a primary
      dendrite, projected along stratum lacunosum-moleculare, branched profusely in
      stratum radiatum, and coursed toward and into stratum pyramidale and occasionally
      into oriens. Processes of cells with somata in the L-M region of CA1 were not
      restricted to the CA1 region. The dendritic and axonal processes of some L-M
      interneurons were seen ascending in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, crossing the
      hippocampal fissure, and coursing in stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus.
      Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs) were evoked
      in L-M interneurons from stimulation of major hippocampal afferents. EPSPs were
      most effectively elicited by stimulation of fiber pathways in transverse slices,
      whereas IPSPs were predominantly evoked when major pathways were stimulated in
      longitudinal slices. We have identified a population of interneurons with
      intracellular response characteristics and morphology distinctly different from
      previously described pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons of CA1 region. The
      possible role of these interneurons in hippocampal circuitry is discussed.

PMID- 3357024
TI  - Stratum lacunosum-moleculare interneurons of hippocampal CA1 region. II.
      Intrasomatic and intradendritic recordings of local circuit synaptic
      interactions.
AB  - Simultaneous intracellular recordings were obtained from stratum lacunosum
      moleculare (L-M) interneurons and CA1 cells, and their local circuit synaptic
      interactions were examined. Synaptic interactions with pyramidal cells were
      evaluated in both intrasomatic and intradendritic pyramidal cell recordings.
      Stimulation of L-M interneurons evoked small-amplitude IPSPs in 21% of
      intrasomatic (9/42 cell pairs) and in 26% of intradendritic (11/43) pyramidal
      cell recordings. The IPSP mean peak amplitude was 0.91 mV for intrasomatic and
      0.67 mV for intradendritic recordings. IPSPs had slow onset and decay
      (approximately 80-90 msec), decreased in amplitude with membrane
      hyperpolarization, and were not associated with any apparent change in input
      resistance. No physiologic evidence of synaptic connections was found from
      pyramidal cells to L-M interneurons. Inhibitory synaptic interactions were also
      seen between L-M interneurons and stratum pyramidale interneurons (2 of 4 cell
      pairs). The IPSPs recorded in pyramidale interneurons were similar to the IPSPs
      recorded in pyramidal cells. During simultaneous recordings, L-M interneurons
      were activated at a shorter latency, i.e., in a feedforward manner with respect
      to pyramidal cells. Thus, L-M interneurons may mediate feedforward inhibition of
      CA1 pyramidal cells. The L-M interneuron-evoked IPSPs in pyramidal cells share
      some characteristics of the late IPSP recorded in CA1 pyramidal cells and may
      therefore contribute to this component of the IPSP.

PMID- 3357025
TI  - A desensitized form of neuronal acetylcholine receptor detected by 3H-nicotine
      binding on bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in
      culture has previously been identified using the alpha-neurotoxin n-Bgt and the
      monoclonal antibody mAb 35. Here, we report that the cells have 2 classes of high
      affinity binding sites for 3H-nicotine, one being associated with the AChR and
      the other being associated with the alpha-bungarotoxin binding component that is
      distinct from the AChR. Scatchard analysis of 3H-nicotine binding to the AChR
      site yields a KD of 20 +/- 3 nM and a Bmax of 104 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein.
      Nicotinic antagonists block 3H-nicotine binding to the AChR site with the same
      rank order of potency and affinity with which they block nicotine-induced
      catecholamine release from the cells. About 80% of the AChRs are on the cell
      surface, as judged by the distribution of both 3H-nicotine binding and 125I-mAb
      35 binding to the receptor, and the ratio of nicotine/mAb 35 binding to the AChR
      on the cell surface is approximately 1:1. Chronic treatment of the cells with mAb
      35 results in receptor modulation such that all of AChR-related nicotine binding
      is lost from the cell surface, and all of the functional response to nicotine is
      lost as well. The results confirm that 3H-nicotine binding is associated with
      AChRs on the cells. The 3H-nicotine binding observed to the AChR represents
      binding to a desensitized form of the receptor having increased affinity for
      agonists and unchanged affinity for antagonists. This conclusion derives from the
      following observations. The KiS for agonist competition of 3H-nicotine binding
      indicate agonist affinities several orders of magnitude greater than do the KDS
      measured for receptor activation. Exposing cultures to low concentrations of
      nicotine and substance P causes receptor densensitization, and the concentration
      dependence of the nicotine-induced desensitization displays an EC50 of 20 nM, in
      good agreement with the KD obtained from equilibrium binding studies with 3H
      nicotine. In addition, the rate of 3H-nicotine binding is increased both by
      substance P, which enhances the rate of agonist-induced desensitization on
      adrenal chromaffin cells, and by preincubation with nicotine. The increased rate
      of association, together with the dissociation rate, yields a kinetically derived
      KD of 19 nM, again in good agreement with the KD obtained from equilibrium
      binding studies. These results demonstrate that the bovine adrenal chromaffin
      AChR is similar to AChRs from muscle and electric organ in undergoing an agonist
      induced conversion to a desensitized state having increased affinity for
      agonists.

PMID- 3357026
TI  - Mouse cerebellar granule neurons arrest the proliferation of human and rodent
      astrocytoma cells in vitro.
AB  - To understand the control of glial tumor cell proliferation, we have examined the
      effects of neurons on a number of human and rodent glioma lines. These included
      C6, G26-24, U-251, HTB-16, and A-172 cells of astroglial lineage and G26-20 of
      bipotential astrocytic and oligodendrocytic lineage. Rapid, specific binding of
      granule neurons to the human A-172, HTB-16, and U-251 and mouse G26-24 cell lines
      occurred, after which 3H-thymidine incorporation by these astrocytoma cells
      dropped 2-5-fold within 12 hr. The number of glial cells remained constant for 5
      7 d when the glia were cocultured with granule neurons. Thereafter many neurons
      detached from the glial cells and glial proliferation commenced again. No effects
      on glial cell number were seen when PC12 cells were substituted for cerebellar
      granule neurons. To test the mechanism of neuronal control of glioma cell growth,
      we added granule neurons or PC12 cells that had been fixed lightly with
      paraformaldehyde, a plasma membrane fraction of purified granule cells, PC12
      cells or astrocytoma cells, or medium conditioned by either granule cells or a
      mixed population of cerebellar neurons and astroglia. The proliferation of
      responsive glioma cell lines ceased in the presence of either fixed granule
      neurons or plasma membranes purified from granule neurons. The addition of fixed
      PC12 cells or plasma membranes purified from PC12 cells, 3T3 cells, or
      astrocytoma cells had no effect on glial cell growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3357027
TI  - Intraventricular neurocytoma: clinicopathological features of six cases.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of six patients with so-called
      "intraventricular oligodendroglioma" are reported. The tumor had no predilection
      for sex, and the patients' age at diagnosis ranged from 15 to 39 years. The
      lesions were located in the lateral and/or third ventricles. Total removal of the
      tumor was performed in three patients, and the remaining three underwent partial
      resection. Postoperative irradiation was given to five patients. A follow-up
      study revealed that five patients were free of recurrent tumor at 15 to 227
      months after treatment, and one was alive with disease 25 months after surgery.
      Histologically, all tumors were composed of small uniform cells, with perinuclear
      halos and regular round nuclei. Tumor cells were sometimes arranged around
      nucleus-free fibrillary zones. Mitoses were infrequent. Ultrastructurally,
      neoplastic cells had round nuclei with dispersed heterochromatin and organelle
      sparse cytoplasm containing occasional microtubules, 20 to 25 nm in diameter, and
      scattered dense-core vesicles, 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Cell processes
      containing dense-core and clear vesicles were frequently present. Thus, these
      neoplasms should be considered neuronal in origin, and should be classified as
      "intraventricular neurocytomas."

PMID- 3357028
TI  - A four-wall orbital decompression for dysthyroid orbitopathy.
AB  - A new surgical technique is described for the relief of the ocular manifestations
      of dysthyroid orbitopathy. Surgical decompression of the orbit was reserved for
      patients who failed to respond to medical treatment. Eleven patients (nine women
      and two men) were followed for periods from 3 to 48 months. Visual loss was the
      commonest presentation and the main indication for surgery. All patients had
      failed to respond to medical therapy, consisting of steroid and/or radiation
      therapy. Three patients had previously undergone orbital decompressions with
      limited success. Six patients had preoperative visual acuity of worse than
      20/200. Preoperative exophthalmos ranged from 24 to 35 mm (normal 16 mm). The
      orbits were approached by a bifrontal scalp flap with exposure of the temporal
      and infratemporal fossae. The orbital roof was approached transcranially. The
      posterior wall of the frontal sinus was removed together with the mucous lining.
      To maximize the decompression, the periosteum surrounding the orbital contents
      was incised, allowing the contents to prolapse through the newly created windows
      into the maxillary antrum, temporal fossa, anterior cranial fossa, and nose.
      During the past 3 years, 22 orbits in 11 patients have been decompressed by this
      technique. Symptomatic relief was obtained in all but one patient who still had
      significant exophthalmos with keratitis, but did have a dramatic improvement in
      vision. The decrease in exophthalmos ranged from 1 to 13 mm (mean 7 mm). The most
      dramatic improvement was in vision, with postoperative acuity of 20/20 to 20/30
      in all but two patients. There were no deaths and no major morbidity.

PMID- 3357029
TI  - Treatment of oligodendrogliomas with or without postoperative irradiation.
AB  - The authors have reviewed the treatment results in 42 patients with intracranial
      oligodendroglioma treated from 1940 through 1983 at the University of California,
      San Francisco. Two patients who died postoperatively were excluded from analysis.
      Eleven patients had mixed tumors, with a minor astrocytic component. The overall
      survival rates for the 29 patients with pure oligodendroglioma were 61% and 33%
      at 5 and 10 years, respectively; these rates for the 11 patients with mixed
      tumors were 57% and 38% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The 10-year survival
      rate for 14 patients with pure oligodendroglioma who received greater than 45 Gy
      irradiation was 56% versus 18% for 11 patients who did not receive postoperative
      irradiation (p = 0.09). Nine patients with mixed tumor who received more than 45
      Gy postoperatively had survival rates similar to those for the 14 patients with
      pure tumors irradiated with more than 45 Gy (p = 0.89). All patients who died of
      their tumor had evidence of intracranial recurrence. One patient, who did not
      receive initial postoperative irradiation, also had clinical and myelographic
      evidence of spinal seeding. All five patients examined postmortem had tumor
      recurrence at the primary site; one patient also had intraventricular seeding.
      Six of the 10 patients with pure oligodendroglioma who had a repeat biopsy at the
      time of tumor recurrence or at postmortem examination showed histological
      progression to an anaplastic astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme. Based on
      this study, adult patients with pure or mixed oligodendroglioma currently are
      treated with partial-brain irradiation to a dose of about 60 Gy. In general,
      children are treated with partial-brain irradiation to about 50 Gy.

PMID- 3357030
TI  - Placental alkaline phosphatase as a tumor marker for primary intracranial
      germinoma.
AB  - A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used in a retrospective
      study of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) levels in serum, cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF), and intratumoral cyst fluid in primary intracranial germinoma. The
      ELISA showed no cross-reactivity with intestinal alkaline phosphatase except in
      very high concentrations, after samples had been heat-treated. Three patients
      with germinoma were studied for serum PLAP levels and in all the levels were
      elevated (3.78, 0.52, and 2.11 IU/liter). Two of the germinoma patients were
      studied for PLAP levels in the CSF, and both had elevated levels (0.83 and 9.83
      IU/liter). The intratumoral cyst fluid in one case of germinoma was tested for
      PLAP and the level was found to be very high (603 IU/liter). These PLAP levels
      decreased concomitantly with the reduction in tumor size during irradiation.
      Serum PLAP levels were measured in 40 control adult male individuals and in the
      CSF of 20 nonpregnant patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The upper normal
      limits were 0.20 and 0.11 IU/liter in the serum and the CSF, respectively. All
      PLAP levels measured in the serum of patients with various brain tumors were 0.18
      IU/liter or less. This study strongly suggests that PLAP is a clinically useful
      tumor marker for primary intracranial germinoma.

PMID- 3357031
TI  - Chiari I malformation with syringomyelia. Evaluation of surgical therapy by
      magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Five patients with a Chiari I-syringomyelia complex of adult onset were evaluated
      by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. All patients underwent suboccipital
      craniotomy with upper cervical (C-1 and part of C-2) laminectomy, arachnoid
      retraction, and duraplasty. Postoperative MR studies of four patients disclosed
      collapse of the syringomyelic cavity, even when the cavity extended into the
      thoracic region. This appeared to be a progressive process taking place over
      several weeks. Operative complications are noted and physiological implications
      are discussed.

PMID- 3357032
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - The feasibility, safety, and diagnostic value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
      versus computerized tomography (CT) scanning were compared in 30 patients with
      clinical evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid blood was identified
      more often and more information was available about the site and source of the
      hemorrhage on MR imaging than on CT. Magnetic resonance imaging could be used
      safely both before and after the operation, provided that nonferromagnetic clips
      were used and that comprehensive monitoring and cardiorespiratory support were
      available. Postoperative studies showed that artifacts from metallic implants and
      from patient movement caused less image degradation on MR images than on CT
      scans.

PMID- 3357033
TI  - A clinical comparison of subarachnoid catheters to ventriculostomy and
      subarachnoid bolts: a prospective study.
AB  - A subarachnoid catheter (SAC) technique of continuous intracranial pressure (ICP)
      monitoring is presented and compared to intraventricular catheters (IVC's) and
      subarachnoid bolts (SAB's) in 40 neurosurgical patients. Thirty-one patients were
      monitored simultaneously with SAC's and IVC's and nine patients with SAC's and
      SAB's, and the ICP waveforms and measurements were compared. The duration of
      monitoring ranged from 15 hours to 11 days, and the initial ICP from 2 to 117
      torr. A total of 42 SAC's were placed; two that entered brain parenchyma were
      redirected. One SAC placement was associated with an intracerebral hematoma.
      There were no infections. For the 31 patients with SAC's and IVC's, there were
      2706 pairs of ICP measurements with a mean difference of -0.12 torr and a
      standard deviation of 5.29 torr. The waveforms from the SAC's and IVC's were
      indistinguishable. For the nine patients with SAC's and SAB's, there were 773
      pairs of ICP measurements with a mean difference of 1.24 torr and a standard
      deviation of 32.83 torr. The SAB waveforms were of varying quality and all
      dampened with time. The paired t-test (ts) demonstrated no statistically
      significant difference between SAC's and IVC's (ts = - 1.19). An analysis of
      variance demonstrated the scatter of the measurements obtained from SAB's to be
      38.5 times that of SAC's, p less than 0.00005. The SAB is shown to be relatively
      inaccurate with a wide range of variance, while the SAC is demonstrated to be an
      accurate, reliable, and safe method of continuous ICP measurement and an
      acceptable alternative to ventriculostomy.

PMID- 3357034
TI  - Prognostic value of auditory brain-stem responses for late postconcussion
      symptoms following minor head injury.
AB  - Minor head injury is frequently followed by a subjective postconcussion syndrome.
      Brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAER's) were found to be pathological in
      different small series of patients with a postconcussion syndrome who were
      examined months after sustaining a slight cranial or cervical trauma; abnormal
      BAER's have also been reported in larger groups of patients examined early after
      minor head injury. A relationship between these findings and late subjective
      symptoms has never been demonstrated. The results of a prospective study into the
      value of BAER's in the prognosis of a postconcussion syndrome after minor head
      injury are presented. In 103 patients with minor head injury, BAER's were
      recorded within 48 hours of the trauma. One year later, the patients were
      examined for headache, dizziness, depression, anxiety, subjective loss of memory
      and concentration, and irritability. Eighty percent claimed at least one symptom,
      most often irritability (54%), memory loss (47%), or depression (39%).
      Pathological BAER's were found with the same prevalence in patients with and
      without a postconcussion syndrome. This study confirms the disturbance of brain
      stem function in some head-injured patients. However, the lack of correlation
      with a postconcussion syndrome limits the prognostic value of BAER recordings for
      postconcussion syndrome. The data suggest that BAER's not be used for medicolegal
      evaluation of patients with a postconcussion syndrome.

PMID- 3357035
TI  - Penetrating intracranial wood wounds: clinical limitations of computerized
      tomography.
AB  - The case history of a patient with a periorbital penetrating wooden foreign body
      is presented. The computerized tomography (CT) densities of several different
      sources of wood were compared using an experimental model. The clinical
      usefulness and practical limitations of CT in the evaluation of intracranial
      foreign bodies is discussed, and the management of this type of injury is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3357036
TI  - Spinal arteriovenous malformations and neurogenic claudication. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - Spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) can present with symptoms of
      neurogenic claudication indistinguishable from those of lumbar spondylosis.
      Spinal AVM's occur most frequently in males of middle age or older; lumbar
      spondylosis is often also present in these patients. The myelographic appearance
      of the abnormal vessels may resemble that of the dilated veins or redundant nerve
      roots sometimes seen adjacent to regions of spinal block, obscuring the
      diagnosis. Two patients are described who presented with clinical histories and
      myelographic findings that led to laminectomies for presumed spinal stenosis;
      ultimately, both were found to have an AVM. Treatment of the AVM arrested the
      neurological decline in one patient, and resulted in dramatic improvement in the
      other. A hypothesis related to hemodynamic consequences of venous hypertension is
      presented in an attempt to link the pathophysiology of the two conditions.

PMID- 3357037
TI  - Traumatic epidural hematoma of the cervical spine: diagnosis with magnetic
      resonance imaging. Case report.
AB  - A traumatic epidural hematoma of the cervical spine is reported in a 13-year-old
      girl. The patient recovered spontaneously over several days without surgical
      intervention. The diagnosis was made on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, which
      also demonstrated subsequent resolution of the hematoma. The etiological factors
      of spinal epidural hematomas are reviewed and the utility of MR imaging in
      differentiating other causes of acute spinal cord injury is emphasized.

PMID- 3357038
TI  - Primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Case report.
AB  - This report describes a case of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis in a 50-year
      old man who presented with progressive deficits involving multiple cranial nerves
      and spinal roots. Despite the clinical evidence supporting a diffuse process
      involving the leptomeninges, radiological, serological, and cerebrospinal fluid
      examinations failed to reveal the cause of the disorder. Consequently, surgical
      exploration and biopsy were required to obtain a pathological diagnosis. This
      case report illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing this disease and supports
      the use of open biopsy in patients with chronic meningeal disease when the
      diagnosis cannot be established by less invasive methods.

PMID- 3357039
TI  - Primary cerebral angiosarcoma. Case report.
AB  - A 65-year-old man with a history of exposure to industrial solvents developed a
      primary cerebral angiosarcoma in the left posterior parieto-occipital lobe. The
      tumor had features typical of angiosarcoma on light and electron microscopy,
      immunohistochemical evidence of factor VIII-related antigen produced in tumor
      cells, and a high labeling index with bromodeoxyuridine. The relationship of
      angiosarcoma to toxins and viruses is discussed.

PMID- 3357040
TI  - Management of proximal shunt obstruction. Technical note.
AB  - Proximal shunt obstruction or obstruction of the ventricular catheter may present
      with signs and symptoms of shunt failure with either no cerebrospinal fluid flow
      or a falsely low intracranial pressure (ICP) upon shunt tap. The author reports a
      technique for lowering the ICP and for measuring the pressure in patients with
      such obstruction by cannulation of the reservoir and ventricular catheter to
      penetrate into the ventricle with a 3 1/2-in. No. 22 spinal needle. The findings
      in 20 cases in which this approach was utilized are summarized.

PMID- 3357041
TI  - Neurovascular compression and spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 3357042
TI  - Chymopapain chemonucleolysis.

PMID- 3357043
TI  - Nonsuture microvascular anastomosis technique.

PMID- 3357044
TI  - Proximal artery balloon occlusion for aneurysm treatment.

PMID- 3357045
TI  - Treatment of intraventricular cryptococcal granuloma: correction.

PMID- 3357046
TI  - Educational strategies for teaching nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3357047
TI  - Preparing nurses for staff development practice: an educational opportunity.

PMID- 3357048
TI  - Performance on a mathematics/drug calculation test: relationship to subsequent
      reported medication errors.

PMID- 3357049
TI  - Marketing the ideas and experience of your staff for publication.

PMID- 3357050
TI  - Job satisfaction based upon moral alignment: implications for staff development.

PMID- 3357051
TI  - Solving the nursing care plan dilemma: nursing diagnosis makes the difference.

PMID- 3357052
TI  - I.v. therapy: a self-directed learning approach.

PMID- 3357053
TI  - Selling your training department.

PMID- 3357055
TI  - An educational newsletter: a successful marketing strategy.

PMID- 3357054
TI  - The journal club: practical staff development.

PMID- 3357056
TI  - Perspectives on research. From research to practice.

PMID- 3357057
TI  - Rapid autoxidation of fish oil in diets without added antioxidants.
AB  - Feeding of purified diets containing fish oil without added antioxidant leads to
      rapid autoxidation of the oil and the possibility of artifactual results due to
      the feeding of autoxidation products. Purified diets containing menhaden oil
      without any added antioxidant deteriorate quickly. Peroxide value of the diet is
      elevated 5- to 6-fold within 24 h and 12-fold within 48 h when exposed to air at
      room temperature. Addition of 0.02% t-butylhydroquinone to the fish oil prevents
      this deterioration for at least 72 h. Determination of fatty acid composition is
      not a sensitive indicator of diet integrity. Supplementation of fish oil diets
      with vitamin E to help protect against in vivo peroxidation is discussed.

PMID- 3357058
TI  - Nutritive value of whole soybeans fermented with Aspergillus oryzae or Rhizopus
      oligosporus as evaluated by neonatal pigs.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive effects of heated whole
      soybeans fermented with the mold Aspergillus oryzae (AOS) or Rhizopus oligosporus
      (ROS) in diets fed to neonatal pigs from 1 to 22 d of age. In experiment 1,
      either soybean meal or heated whole soybeans fermented with ROS replaced 75% of
      the dried skim milk protein. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed (G-F)
      ratio of pigs fed the diet containing 100% milk protein were greater than those
      of pigs fed the diets containing either soybean meal or ROS. In experiment 2,
      heated nonfermented whole soybeans (HUS) or heated whole soybeans fermented with
      either AOS or ROS replaced 50% of the milk protein in isonitrogenous and
      isoenergetic diets. Proximate and amino acid analyses of HUS and the fermented
      soybean products, AOS and ROS were similar. Pigs fed a diet containing either HUS
      or AOS had greater (P less than 0.05) mean ADG and G-F ratios than pigs fed the
      diet containing ROS. Apparent biological value, apparent net protein utilization
      and digestible and metabolizable energy utilization were similar for all dietary
      treatments. In conclusion, the protein and energy values of whole soybeans were
      not improved by fermentation with ROS or AOS compared to nonfermented heated
      whole soybeans, soybean meal or dried skim milk in diets fed to neonatal pigs.

PMID- 3357059
TI  - A role for tryptophan in regulation of protein synthesis in porcine muscle.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of varying concentrations of
      dietary tryptophan on growth rate and protein synthesis in edible muscle tissues
      of growing swine. A total of 45 immature swine (initial weight approximately 24
      kg) were fed corn-gelatin diets containing 0.5 (n = 8), 0.8 (n = 10), 1.3 (n =
      10), 1.5 (n = 7) or 2.0 (n = 10) g tryptophan/kg diet for 35 d. Animals fed 0.5
      and 0.8 g tryptophan/kg grew more slowly, consumed less feed and had a lower
      efficiency of feed utilization than animals fed higher concentrations of
      tryptophan. Thirty similar animals were used in a second experiment. Diets
      containing 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g tryptophan/kg diet (n = 6) were fed for 14
      d, after which all animals were killed and samples were taken of longissimus
      dorsi, triceps brachii and biceps femoris. Protein synthetic activity was
      determined by monitoring the incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into protein in
      vitro. There was no significant difference in synthetic activity between
      different muscle types. There was no effect of diet on the activity of the muscle
      soluble protein fraction. The activity of the muscle ribosomal fraction, however,
      was positively correlated with increasing concentrations of dietary tryptophan.
      It was concluded that tryptophan has the potential to regulate muscle protein
      synthesis in a manner beyond serving simply as a component of protein.

PMID- 3357060
TI  - Nutritional and metabolic effects of dietary leucine excess in preruminant lamb.
AB  - The effects of excess leucine intake on food intake, branched-chain amino acid
      and branched-chain alpha-keto acid concentrations in plasma and nitrogen
      retention were investigated in the preruminant lamb. Lambs were fed leucine in
      excess in either an adequate protein diet [24% of dry matter (DM)] or a low
      protein diet (15% DM) for 2 d. Increasing the dietary leucine content of 2.3 to
      10.6 or 12.6% DM led to a significant decrease in food intake. This depressing
      effect was not influenced by dietary protein content. Increasing the dietary
      leucine content from 2.3 to 6.4% DM in an adequate protein diet for a week did
      not significantly improve nitrogen retention in the preruminant lamb. Plasma
      leucine and its alpha-keto acid concentrations increased with leucine intake.
      Plasma valine and isoleucine concentrations were significantly decreased only in
      lambs fed the highest excess leucine diet. Surprisingly, a maximal 50% decrease
      of their plasma alpha-keto acid concentrations occurred even in the group fed the
      lowest excess leucine diet. Our results might be explained by an inhibition of
      the rate of transamination of valine and isoleucine by high leucine
      concentration.

PMID- 3357061
TI  - Hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity and sulfur amino acid metabolism in rats:
      possible indicators in the evaluation of protein quality.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to examine the possibility that the sulfur amino
      acid metabolism of rats may be an indicator of the nutritional value of dietary
      protein. Rats were fed diets containing 8, 16 or 24% of gluten, soy protein or
      casein for 3 wk. Hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity, hepatic concentration of
      glutathione, cysteine and taurine and urinary taurine were examined. In addition,
      the sulfur amino acid metabolism of rats fed these diets fortified with the
      appropriate first limiting amino acid for 7 d was also examined. High urinary
      taurine excretion was observed in the three gluten groups, whereas very low
      urinary taurine excretion was observed with up to 24% soy protein or up to 16%
      casein. The hepatic hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activities of the gluten diet
      groups were higher than those of corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups,
      except that of rats fed the 24% casein diet. The hepatic concentrations of both
      glutathione and cysteine in gluten diet groups were also higher than those of
      corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups, except 24% soy protein and 16
      and 24% casein diet groups. In rats fed the casein or soy protein diets urinary
      taurine excretion and hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity increased with
      increasing methionine supplementation, the first limiting amino acid. Conversely,
      in rats fed the gluten diet both urinary taurine excretion and hepatic cysteine
      dioxygenase activity decreased with increasing lysine supplementation, the first
      limiting amino acid. These findings suggest that urinary taurine excretion and
      hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity may be useful as sensitive indicators of
      the nutritional value of dietary protein.

PMID- 3357062
TI  - Influence of copper intake and inflammation on rat serum superoxide dismutase
      activity levels.
AB  - Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity concentrations, though small compared
      to tissue levels, could contribute to extracellular superoxide radical
      detoxification and act as indicators of copper status. The present study
      identified the response of rat serum SOD activity contents to marginal and
      deficient copper intakes and to inflammation. Rats fed copper-deficient diet
      (less than 0.2 mg/kg Cu) for 5 wk displayed serum SOD activity contents that were
      only about 20% of those found in rats fed copper-supplemented diet (6.0 mg/kg
      Cu). Activities in rats fed a marginal diet (1.5 mg/kg Cu) were about 55% of
      those in the adequate rats. Turpentine-induced inflammation lowered serum SOD in
      rats within each dietary group. However, the change in the marginal group was not
      statistically significant. Based on chromatographic characterizations and
      inhibitor studies, rat serum SOD activity seemed to result primarily from a
      copper protein other than ceruloplasmin, Cu-Zn SOD or the recently discovered
      tissue extracellular SOD. In conclusion, low copper intake and inflammation may
      compromise extracellular defenses against superoxide. In addition, serum SOD
      activities could provide a non-ceruloplasmin-related means of assessing copper
      status, but nondietary variables can also affect these SOD values.

PMID- 3357063
TI  - Fatty acids of liver, cardiac and adipose tissues from copper-deficient rats.
AB  - The effect of copper deficiency on liver, cardiac and adipose fatty acids was
      studied in the Long-Evans rat. Rats were fed diets adequate in copper (8.5 mg
      Cu/kg diet, group AC, n = 10) or with no added copper (0.4 mg Cu/kg diet, group
      NC, n = 9) or were pair-fed an adequate copper diet in amounts eaten by group NC
      rats (group PF, n = 10), from weaning until 8 wk thereafter. Group NC rats
      exhibited typical copper deficiency signs such as decreased body weight,
      hematocrit and liver copper levels but increased heart/body weight ratios.
      Adipose and cardiac triglycerides of group NC rats had greater 18:0 to 18:1n-9
      ratios. All tissues in group NC rats had higher levels of longer-chain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides than those in AC or PF rats.
      Specifically, the following triglyceride fatty acids were in greater
      concentration in NC rats than in AC or PF rats: for liver, 18:2n-6, 22:5n-6,
      22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3; for cardiac, 20:3n-6, 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6. Liver
      phospholipids had lower levels of 20:4n-6 in NC rats than in AC or PF rats. These
      results suggest that copper deficiency results in the accumulation of both n-3
      and n-6 longer-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in triglycerides of various
      tissues.

PMID- 3357064
TI  - Use of immunoresponsiveness to demonstrate that the dietary requirement for
      copper in young rats is greater with dietary fructose than dietary starch.
AB  - Weaned male Lewis rats were pair-fed diets containing 62.7% fructose or starch
      and either 6-7 mg Cu/kg diet (adequate) or 0.7 mg Cu/kg diet (deficient) for 33
      d. Antibody titers after primary immunization with sheep erythrocytes were
      significantly lower in rats fed copper-deficient diets. Compared to starch,
      fructose markedly attenuated antibody production in copper-deficient rats.
      Dietary carbohydrate did not affect the humoral immune response of rats fed diets
      with adequate copper. Concentrations of copper in thymus, spleen, liver and heart
      were also significantly lower in rats fed fructose with deficient copper (F-Cu)
      than in the group fed starch with deficient copper. Thymic hypogenesis was
      observed only in the F-Cu group. Tissue concentrations of copper were reduced
      before antibody production was impaired. Repletion of previously copper-deficient
      rats rapidly restored immunocompetence and stimulated thymic growth.
      Immunoresponsiveness and tissue concentrations of copper reached control levels
      in rats fed diets containing starch and fructose at 1.2-1.6 and 2.2-2.9 mg Cu/kg
      diet, respectively. The results demonstrate that the amount of dietary copper
      required for optimal function of the humoral immune system, thymic growth and
      maintenance of normal tissue levels of this essential micronutrient is greater
      when young rats are fed diets with fructose than with starch.

PMID- 3357067
TI  - Oxytocin and the composition of milk.

PMID- 3357065
TI  - Relationship of 65Zn absorption kinetics to intestinal metallothionein in rats:
      effects of zinc depletion and fasting.
AB  - Intestinal 65Zn transport and metallothionein levels were examined in rats fed
      zinc-adequate and zinc-deficient diets and in rats subjected to an overnight
      fast. 65Zn uptake by intestines perfused with 1.5 microM 65Zn was greater in both
      zinc-deficient and fasted groups than in the control group. Mucosal retention of
      65Zn was also greater in the zinc-deficient group but not in the fasted group.
      The greater 65Zn uptake in the fasted group was associated with a compartment
      that readily released 65Zn back into the lumen. Kinetic analysis of the rate of
      65Zn transfer to the vascular space (absorption) showed that 65Zn absorption
      involved approximately 3% of mucosal 65Zn in a 40-min perfusion period. The half
      life (t1/2) of this mucosal 65Zn rapid transport pool corresponded directly to
      changes in intestinal metallothionein levels. Both metallothionein and t1/2 were
      higher in the fasted group and lower in the zinc-deficient group than in
      controls. While the rate of 65Zn transport from this rapid transport pool
      decreased with increasing metallothionein level, the predicted pool size
      increased when the metallothionein level was elevated by fasting. These results
      indicate that the rate of zinc absorption is inversely related to intestinal
      metallothionein levels, but the portion of mucosal 65Zn available for absorption
      is directly related to intestinal metallothionein.

PMID- 3357066
TI  - Voluntary food intake of lean and obese Zucker rats in relation to dietary energy
      and nitrogen content.
AB  - Genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats maintain a normal lean body size but
      deposit excessive amounts of body fat. Preferential use of substrates for lipid
      synthesis results in inefficient use of dietary nitrogen for protein deposition.
      Three studies were carried out to determine whether an increased protein
      requirement caused hyperphagia and whether young Zucker rats preferentially
      regulated protein or energy intake. Rats were offered isoenergetic diets with
      nitrogen contents ranging from 4.5 to 53.2 mg/g, or isonitrogenous diets with
      energy contents of 2.2, 3.3 or 4.2 kcal/g. In both situations obese rats had
      significantly higher food intakes than lean rats. Within phenotype the rats
      maintained an almost constant energy intake so that nitrogen intake was
      proportional to dietary nitrogen concentration. In a third experiment lean and
      obese rats were given different proportions of their control protein intake by
      stomach tube. Energy intake was determined by voluntary consumption of a protein
      free diet. Within phenotype energy intake was the same for all levels of protein
      intake. It appears that obese Zucker rats regulate energy intake at an elevated
      level and that protein intake is determined by dietary nitrogen content.
      Hyperphagia does not appear to result from a desire to obtain protein.

PMID- 3357068
TI  - Fever in hospitalized medical patients: characteristics and significance.
AB  - The occurrence of fever and the clinical profile of febrile patients on the
      medical service of a teaching hospital were studied prospectively. Thirty-six per
      cent of 972 patients developed fever (temperature exceeding 38 degrees C). Their
      13% mortality rate and 13.2-day average hospital stay exceeded the 3% mortality
      and seven-day hospitalization for afebrile patients (p less than 0.0001 for
      both). Most fever episodes occurred during the first two hospital days.
      Approximately 30% of first and subsequent fever episodes were caused by bacterial
      infections; illnesses involving tissue necrosis (e.g., stroke, myocardial
      infarction) accounted for 20%. Five conditions comprised 53% of diagnoses:
      respiratory and urinary tract infections, neoplasm, myocardial infarction, and
      drug reaction. Only one patient had a fever of uncertain origin. Several clinical
      clues used frequently to identify bacterial infections were reevaluated. Patients
      with bacterial infections had higher temperatures on the first febrile day (mean
      38.9 degrees C) and were more likely to have had prior infections than those with
      other causes of fever (mean 38.3 degrees C, p less than 0.001). Older patients
      (greater than 75 years) had a lower febrile response to bacterial infections than
      younger patients. Fever in hospitalized medical patients is a common and
      important concomitant of increased mortality and length of hospitalization.

PMID- 3357069
TI  - Screening mammography in the elderly: a case-control study.
AB  - This case-control study tested the hypothesis that elderly women with metastatic
      breast cancer were previously screened less than controls. Cases included women
      over 60 years old who had metastatic breast cancer; the tumor registry provided
      controls. Identical criteria yielded comparable groups (cases = 109, controls =
      211) receiving primary care at this tertiary center. Radiology and medical
      records were examined for mammograms; these were blindly categorized
      "diagnostic," "screening," or "indeterminant." The major, unexpected finding was
      that less than 6% of controls had ever had screening mammography. The
      associations between screening and metastatic cancer (odds ratios) suggest a
      beneficial effect of screening: OR/0.73 for ever screened and OR/0.71 if screened
      within the year of cancer diagnosis. All confidence intervals include one;
      however, low screening participation leaves this study with little power. The
      major implication is that despite the current recommendations, the elderly are
      not being included in screening mammography programs.

PMID- 3357070
TI  - Staging and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the Manitoba experience.
AB  - Three hundred ninety-one cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from the
      Tumour Registry of Manitoba, spanning a 20-year period from January 1960 to
      December 1979, were reviewed. Survival curves were developed using the staging
      systems of Rai and Binet. A clear separation in survival was found utilizing the
      system of Binet. Also, there was a significant increase in the development of
      secondary malignancies (observed, 53; expected, 31, p less than 0.01). However,
      there was no significant increase in secondary malignancies if only those
      malignancies occurring at least six months after the diagnosis of chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia was made were analyzed (observed, 38; expected, 29, p =
      0.26). This suggests that the increase in secondary malignancies is not treatment
      related, and may be due to the underlying disease.

PMID- 3357071
TI  - Does physician uncertainty affect patient satisfaction?
AB  - Physicians may choose one of several strategies when initially uncertain about
      making a specific therapeutic recommendation. The authors investigated how
      patients' satisfaction is affected by disclosure of uncertainty and its attempted
      resolution during a clinical encounter. Three hundred and four patients awaiting
      appointments at a university hospital's ambulatory medical clinic were randomized
      to view one of five videotapes (VTs) of a patient seeking advice about
      antimicrobial prophylaxis for a heart murmur. In VT-1 and VT-2, the physician
      disclosed no uncertainty and prescribed therapy. In VT-3, VT-4, and VT-5, the
      physician openly conveyed uncertainty but then: (VT-3) prescribed antibiotics
      without resolving his uncertainty; (VT-4) consulted a reference book with the
      patient present, then prescribed; or (VT-5) checked a computer with the patient
      present, then prescribed. Patients rated their satisfaction with the physician on
      a standardized questionnaire. Differences in satisfaction between the five VTs
      were significant (p = 0.001), with the highest ratings found for VT-1 and VT-2,
      where no uncertainty was disclosed. The lowest ratings in satisfaction were found
      when the physician expressed but then ignored uncertainty (VT-3) or examined a
      textbook (VT-4). Global satisfaction was inversely and significantly correlated
      (r = -0.47) with the patients' perception of uncertainty in the physician. The
      manner in which clinical uncertainty is disclosed to patients and then resolved
      by the physician appears to affect patients' satisfaction.

PMID- 3357072
TI  - Improved preventive care following an intervention during an ambulatory care
      rotation: carryover to a second setting.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that physician compliance with recommended preventive
      care guidelines can be improved. Little is known, however, about whether a
      successful intervention aimed at improving performance applied in one setting
      will carry over to another. To explore this issue, the authors examined the
      impact of an intervention involving lecture, feedback, and checklists introduced
      during an ambulatory care rotation at one hospital (SPR) on resident performance
      of six preventive care measures at a second outpatient clinic (VA). The
      performance of 15 residents who had been exposed to the program was compared with
      that of 13 who had not been exposed to the program. The mean proportion of
      indicated measures performed by the exposed residents was significantly higher
      than that of the residents without exposure to the program (0.49 vs. 0.36, p less
      than 0.05). Improvement was found for all measures but was statistically
      significant only for influenza vaccination (0.28 vs. 0.07, p = 0.03). Post
      intervention performance at SPR was also significantly improved (0.53 vs. 0.36, p
      less than 0.001). The authors conclude not only that the intervention improved
      resident performance of preventive care but also that the improvement was carried
      over to practice in a second outpatient setting.

PMID- 3357074
TI  - Talking with patients about risk.

PMID- 3357073
TI  - Students' sexual behavior, knowledge, and attitudes relating to the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Five hundred ninety students receiving primary care in a university health
      service were surveyed anonymously in 1985-86 to study their self-reported sexual
      behavior and knowledge and attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). Most students (75%) were heterosexual; 3% were homosexual, 3% bisexual,
      and 15% had never been sexually active. Many students (32%) had greater than or
      equal to 2 sexual partners in the past year, but only 23% of these had changed
      their sexual practices because of concern about AIDS. Some students with high
      risk sexual behavior were not very knowledgeable: among homosexual or bisexual
      men, those with greater than or equal to 6 recent sexual partners knew less than
      others (P less than 0.001). Overall, less knowledgeable students had more
      personal concerns about AIDS, favored limiting the social activities of people
      infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and favored screening for HIV
      antibody; these associations between knowledge and attitudes were significant
      even when controlling for demographic characteristics and sexual behavior with
      multiple linear regression. The authors conclude that many students receiving
      primary care reported sexual behavior that could spread HIV, and that less
      knowledgeable students had particular concerns and attitudes about AIDS.

PMID- 3357075
TI  - A global perspective: opportunities for internists to contribute to and learn
      from international health collaboration.

PMID- 3357076
TI  - Leather bound.

PMID- 3357077
TI  - Fever in medical service patients.

PMID- 3357078
TI  - Storm warnings.

PMID- 3357079
TI  - Accounting for side effects in corticosteroid efficacy assessment.

PMID- 3357080
TI  - The "no-CPR" policy and physician-nurse communication.

PMID- 3357081
TI  - Effect of irrigation and tourniquet application on aminoglycoside antibiotic
      concentrations in bone.
AB  - Preoperative antibiotics are an important measure taken to prevent infection in
      joint replacement surgery. The local availability of these antibiotics in the
      operative site is absolutely necessary to ensure adequate prophylaxis against
      contaminant bacteria. Because pulsatile-lavage rapid-recovery systems have become
      a routine technique of bone preparation in joint reconstruction, we chose to
      study the effect of these systems on local antibiotic concentrations. We further
      investigated the effect of irrigation with and without use of a limb tourniquet.
      For our study, we obtained 23 bone specimens in 16 patients undergoing joint
      reconstruction (14) or amputation (2). The patients were classified into one of
      four groups based on whether a tourniquet was applied during the procedure and
      whether the bone specimens were irrigated. In addition, matched blood samples
      were obtained to establish that therapeutic serum levels were achieved. Nine
      patients contributed 13 bone specimens, which underwent vigorous irrigation in
      vitro. None of these specimens had detectable levels of antibiotics, regardless
      of whether a tourniquet was used. Seven patients yielded 10 bone specimens, which
      were not irrigated. Five of these seven patients had detectable levels of
      antibiotics. In addition, the specimens from limbs without tourniquets had levels
      that averaged 0.51 microgram/ml while those with tourniquets averaged below 0.2
      microgram/ml. Therefore, the use of vigorous irrigation in bone preparation has a
      significant deleterious effect on the local presence of previously administered
      systemic antibiotics. This effect is compounded if the operative site is isolated
      from continuous blood flow by use of a tourniquet. We therefore recommend that
      additional measures be taken to ensure that adequate antibiotic levels are
      present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357082
TI  - Osteogenesis in rats with an inductive bovine composite.
AB  - Subcutaneous (S.C.) implantation of allogeneic demineralized bone matrix in rats
      results in endochondral bone formation. In contrast, implants of bovine
      demineralized bone matrix in rat S.C. tissue show inconsistent cartilage and bone
      formation, presumably due to an intense inflammatory reaction at the implant
      site. To overcome this response, a partially purified bone inducing extract was
      prepared from bovine bone by a series of steps that included demineralization,
      guanidine/HCl extraction, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography. To
      develop a carrier, the inactive guanidine/HCl-extracted matrix was then
      trypsinized to remove the inflammatory and immunogenic components, thus yielding
      a predominantly collagenous matrix. Bovine composites were prepared by combining
      different amounts of the bone inducing extract with a carrier that consisted of
      the trypsinized bone matrix and purified soluble bovine dermal collagen.
      Subcutaneous implantation of the composite preparation resulted in dose-dependent
      endochondral bone formation in rats. The inductive activity and the low-level
      inflammatory response were comparable to allogeneic implants.

PMID- 3357083
TI  - Changes in bioelectric potentials on bone associated with direct current
      stimulation of osteogenesis.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether changes occur in the bioelectric
      potentials on bone during and after bone stimulation with a 20-microA direct
      current (DC) and whether the variations in bioelectric potentials are related to
      the variations in bone formation. The bioelectric potentials were recorded at
      different times on the rabbit distal tibial surface, during (current-on state)
      and after (current-off state) DC stimulation with a cathode implanted within the
      medullary canal. The new bone formed at the end of the experiment was quantitated
      and related to the bioelectric potentials recorded at current-on and current-off
      states, respectively. Direct current stimulation resulted in electronegative
      potential spike centered on the cathode tip while current was applied. After
      electrical stimulation was turned off, the residual potentials at the end of the
      experiment did not significantly differ from the initial values. Conversely, the
      time sequence of the changes was significantly different from the control to the
      experimental group. The variations in the induced potentials at current-on state
      were significantly related to the variations in bone formation. This study
      suggests the existence of a relationship among bioelectric potentials, DC
      stimulation, and osteogenesis.

PMID- 3357084
TI  - Limb lengthening by low rate epiphyseal distraction. An experimental study in the
      caprine tibia.
AB  - Low-rate epiphyseal distraction of the left proximal tibia using a modified
      bilateral Hoffmann external fixation device, was accomplished in 14 goats (age 6
      7 months). Daily distraction at a rate of 0.5 mm was continued for 5.5 weeks.
      Epiphysiolysis occurred after 5-9 days. After distraction had been discontinued,
      the external device was left in situ for fixation for 4 weeks. The animals in
      group 1 (n = 6), group 2 (n = 3), and group 3 (n = 5) were killed at 4, 16, and
      32 weeks, respectively, from the end of the distraction period. The proximal
      growth plate of the elongated tibia appeared radiolucent at the conclusion of the
      study but was less distinct and reduced in height as compared with the control
      leg. The gained length at the end of the distraction period was on the average
      2.2 cm (11.9%). This gain in length was reduced with further growth. In group 3,
      the final gain in length was reduced to half. A reduced cortical thickness of the
      bone within the area subjected to distractional force was observed. This finding
      is attributable to stress protection. An interesting observation comparing
      control and operated tibia was an increase of the cross-sectional diameter of the
      elongated bone. Both tibiae of all animals were tested mechanically. The
      torsional strength of the elongated tibiae as compared with controls was on the
      average 29% in group 1, 79% in group 2, and 95% in group 3. We conclude that leg
      lengthening by low-rate epiphyseal distraction in the proximal tibia is a
      justifiable alternative to other lengthening procedures in individuals
      approaching adolescence. In juveniles, lengthening by epiphyseal distraction may
      result in reduction in the longitudinal growth.

PMID- 3357085
TI  - Strength reductions from metastatic cortical defects in long bones.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to measure the reduction in bone strength
      resulting from drill holes in diaphyseal bone and to compare this with finite
      element and theoretical predictions for stresses in a tubular structure. Fifty
      two pairs of canine femora were tested to failure in four-point bending. One bone
      of each pair was used as the control; the other femora had holes of variable size
      drilled in the lateral cortex. At a ratio of drill hole diameter to bone diameter
      of 0.2, the bone retained only 62% of its expected strength. A linear regression
      between the area fraction (the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the drilled
      specimen to the control specimen) and the percentage of expected strength yielded
      a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.79). The average cross-sectional properties
      were used as the basis for linear orthotropic and nonlinear elastic-plastic
      finite element models of idealized geometry. The linear models proved
      insufficient for prediction of failure loads. The nonlinear models, which
      accounted for both material plasticity and the stress concentration effects of
      the defect, yielded good correspondence with the experimental data. While the
      influence of irregular borders and adaptive remodeling of the bone adjacent to
      the defect requires further investigation, our results suggest the possibility of
      prediction of fracture risk based on geometric properties of metastatic lesions.
      Prophylactic fixation remains a matter of clinical judgement based on the
      functional demands and expected strength of the affected bones.

PMID- 3357086
TI  - Canine osteoarthritis: effects of endogenous neutral metalloproteoglycanases on
      articular cartilage proteoglycans.
AB  - The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanisms by which neutral
      metalloproteoglycanases (NMPE) degrade proteoglycans (PGs) in the cartilage of an
      experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). We demonstrated that chondrocytes in
      osteoarthritic cartilage synthesize PGs with the same functional characteristics
      as those found in normal cartilage. Osteoarthritic cartilage contains NMPE in
      both active and latent forms. Both forms can degrade newly synthesized and
      endogenous PG macromolecules, as indicated by the reduced hydrodynamic size found
      in the two PG populations of osteoarthritic cartilage. PG monomers, derived from
      the included fraction of Sepharose CL2B chromatography, were unable to form
      aggregates with hyaluronic acid. Reduction and alkylation showed that PG monomers
      from osteoarthritic cartilage had a small hydrodynamic size, especially after
      activation with amino-phenylmercuric acetate. No significant differences were
      observed in the size of the chondroitin sulfate chain when normal cartilage was
      compared with its osteoarthritic equivalent. These results suggest that the
      proteolytic degradation of cartilage matrix PGs by NMPE occurs at both the
      hyaluronate-binding region and at the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of the core
      protein.

PMID- 3357087
TI  - Analysis of experimental immune synovitis cartilage using monoclonal antibodies
      reactive to rabbit proteoglycan.
AB  - This study details the macromolecular changes in cartilage involving proteoglycan
      molecules in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. In experimental chronic
      immune synovitis, fluorescein-conjugated mouse IgG and three monoclonal
      antibodies (MAbs 2G2, 2E9, and 6C9) portraying differing fine antigenic
      specificity for rabbit cartilage proteoglycan monomer were utilized to detail
      alterations in cartilage proteoglycan. In normal and IgG-immune animals,
      fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-conjugated MAbs 2G2 and 2E9 stained
      cellular/pericellular (C/PC) region intensely. FITC-MAb 2G2 stained cartilage
      interterritorial matrix as well. FITC-MAb 6C9 stained only C/PC area lightly but
      did not stain matrix. A marked decrease in staining intensity with FITC-MAb 2G2
      was noted in cartilage sections derived from animals with immune synovitis. A
      corresponding increase in staining of cartilage was noted with FITC-MAb 6C9. The
      augmented staining of articular cartilage with FITC-MAb 6C9 was most prominent in
      femoral condyle tissue sections, which corresponded to the cartilaginous area,
      with the greatest severity in gross pathology. There was a slight augmentation of
      staining with FITC-MAb 2E9, especially in the C/PC area of medial/femoral
      cartilage. In addition, the animals with immune synovitis showed abortive
      cartilage repair exemplified by the presence of chondrocyte cloning (up to 20
      cells) which correlated with increased FITC-MAb 2G2 staining. The differential
      MAb staining patterns of cartilaginous tissues obtained utilizing FITC-conjugated
      monoclonal antibodies with known fine antigenic specificity indicates a
      modulation of proteoglycans involving predominantly core protein epitopes in the
      articular cartilage of animals with chronic immune synovitis.

PMID- 3357088
TI  - Stimulation of matrix formation in rabbit chondrocyte cultures by ascorbate. 1.
      Effect of ascorbate analogs and beta-aminopropionitrile.
AB  - The most consistent effects of 0.2 mM L-ascorbate on monolayer cultures of rabbit
      articular chondrocytes were a diversion of incorporated radiosulfate into a
      pericellular matrix and enhancement of cell proliferation. Only with certain
      batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was there a cell-for-cell increase of
      proteoglycan synthesis. These actions increased as the cell inoculum rose from
      0.5 to 2 x 10(5) cells/T25 flask. Maximal effects of ascorbate and D-isoascorbate
      were found over a range of 0.05-0.2 mM. L-Dehydroascorbic acid was less effective
      than either, and no stimulatory action was exerted by L-cysteine, glutathione,
      dithiothreitol, methylene blue, or phenazine methosulfate. Ascorbate increased
      the hypro:pro ratio of newly synthesized proteins. beta-Aminopropionitrile (1 mM)
      reduced the proportion of [3H]hydroxyproline and [35S]O4-proteoglycans in the
      ascorbate-supplemented matrix 31 and 7%, respectively. In corresponding
      electronmicrographs, the number of pericellular filaments was reduced. We
      conclude: (a) Ascorbate has a general anabolic effect on chondrocytes in culture
      and enhances matrix assembly through mechanisms other than its redox function;
      (b) deposition of proteoglycans in the matrix is not simply the result of
      mechanical entrapment by allysine- or hydroxyallysine-derived cross-linking of
      collagen; and (c) contradictory reports on the subject result from variations in
      the serum employed, inoculum density, and concentration of ascorbate.

PMID- 3357089
TI  - Chondrons extracted from canine tibial cartilage: preliminary report on their
      isolation and structure.
AB  - We report on the morphology and structure of single and multiple chondrons
      isolated from homogenized samples of fresh and fixed canine tibial cartilage.
      Phase contrast, Nomarski, and scanning electron microscopy observations show each
      chondron to be composed of a chondrocyte and its pericellular matrix enclosed
      within a "felt-like" pericellular capsule. The extraction of intact chondrons
      from cartilage homogenates confirms the structural validity of the chondron
      concept and emphasizes the intrinsic mechanical strength of the capsule. Frayed
      collagen fibers radiate from multiple chondron columns suggesting a shear
      resistant, structural interrelationship between capsular components and type II
      collagen fibers. Future development of chondron extraction procedures could
      provide a unique model with which to study the structure, biochemistry, and
      function of articular cartilage chondrocytes and their pericellular
      microenvironment.

PMID- 3357090
TI  - Transient synovitis of the hip in the child: increased levels of proteoglycan
      fragments in joint fluid.
AB  - The levels of proteoglycan antigen were measured in joint aspirates from the hip
      of children with transient synovitis, septic arthritis, Legg-Calve-Perthes'
      disease and congenital and traumatic dislocation. Significantly increased levels
      were found in children with transient synovitis and septic arthritis as compared
      with other conditions. We propose that the proteoglycan antigens in the joint
      fluid were released from the articular cartilage in a partially degraded form as
      a result of an increased rate of proteolytic degradation. In transient synovitis,
      the source of proteolytic activity may be chondrocytes activated by factors
      released by synovial cells. The release of joint proteoglycan may cause a
      temporary increase in deformability of the hip cartilage of the child that could
      be an important pathogenetic mechanism in some of the sequelae of these diseases.

PMID- 3357091
TI  - Effects of ingrowth, geometry, and material on stress transfer under porous
      coated hip surface replacements.
AB  - Three different interface geometries for porous ingrowth surface replacements of
      the hip were examined using two-dimensional linear and nonlinear contact finite
      element analyses. The results indicate that incorporation of a nearly flat
      prosthesis interface between the surface replacement and the underlying
      cancellous bone may reduce stress shielding and improve stress transfer from the
      component. For all designs analyzed, the bone stress shielding was insensitive to
      component material stiffness when the elastic modulus was greater than 30 MPa.
      The use of titanium instead of cobalt-chrome (Co--Cr) as the prosthesis material
      therefore had a negligible effect on stress shielding.

PMID- 3357092
TI  - Resultant forces and angles of twist about the wrist after ECRL to ECU tendon
      transfer.
AB  - This paper describes an experimental investigation to determine the biomechanical
      efficacy of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) to extensor carpi ulnaris
      (ECU) tendon transfer procedure used in rheumatoid hand reconstruction. Six
      normal cadaver specimens were tested in an apparatus that measured (a) the forces
      acting on the hand to restrain it in seven characteristic wrist configurations,
      and (b) the amount of hand pronation/supination that occurred as a result of
      loads applied to the tendons of the six major wrist muscles. Each specimen was
      tested with the ECRL tendon intact, surgically released, and transferred to the
      insertion point of ECU. In the intact and transferred states, the ECRL tendon was
      loaded sequentially while the remaining five wrist tendons were subjected to
      equal constant loads. In all three experimental ECRL test states, forces were
      also applied to all intact wrist tendons in a manner designed to represent
      physiologic load sharing. When the ECRL tendon was loaded sequentially, the
      transfer resulted in the predictable increase in the radially directed
      restraining force and the predictable supination of the hand relative to the
      forearm. When all intact tendons were loaded physiologically, the transfer also
      resulted in an increase in the radially directed restraining force. Significant
      differences between test states occurred generally only between the intact and
      release states of the ECRL tendon and not between release and transferred
      states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357093
TI  - Biomechanics of the craniocervical region: the alar and transverse ligaments.
AB  - In the treatment of spine fractures and fracture-dislocations, stability of the
      spine is one of the major objectives. In the craniocervical joint, the alar and
      transverse ligaments provide much of the stability of the healthy spine. Because
      the anatomy appears well described, the contribution of each of these structures
      so far has received little attention. The alar ligament restrains rotation of the
      upper cervical spine, whereas the transverse ligament restricts flexion as well
      as anterior displacement of the atlas. A lesion in one or both structures can
      produce damage to the neural structures and/or cause pain. To investigate the
      possible role of each of these ligaments, a mechanical and histologic study of
      the upper cervical spine was made. The bone-ligament-bone complex of the alar and
      transverse ligaments was subjected to uniaxial mechanical testing in seven
      specimens. The alar ligaments had an in vitro strength of 200 N, and the
      transverse ligaments had an in vitro strength of 350 N. Histologic analysis
      revealed a mainly collagenous nature of these ligaments. Clinical evidence
      (broken odontoid processes) suggests that the transverse ligament is strong
      enough to withstand physiologic loads. The alar ligament, on the other hand, due
      to its lower strength and its axial direction of loading, might be prone to
      injury and therefore require stabilization of the appropriate vertebra more often
      than normally is assumed.

PMID- 3357094
TI  - An apparatus to measure flexor tendon excursion and angular motion of the distal
      interphalangeal joint in a rabbit model.
AB  - Investigators evaluating flexor tendon adhesions have utilized visual,
      histological, and gross mechanical methods in reporting their results. We have
      developed a device to measure tendon excursion and distal interphalangeal joint
      motion for a small animal model. The device was tested for accuracy and
      reproducibility using the rabbit hindfoot. There was no statistical difference
      between the right and the left in 30 pairs of feet. This device provides an
      accurate method to quantify tendon excursion and relative adhesion formation in a
      rabbit model without destroying the specimen.

PMID- 3357095
TI  - In vitro cultivation of a Babesia isolated from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
      virginianus).
AB  - Pyriforms and ring forms of Babesia odocoilei were detected in thin blood smears
      obtained from a white-tailed deer killed by a hunter in Anderson County, Texas.
      Erythrocytes from the deer were cultured and the parasites maintained through 8
      serial subcultures during 1 mo. The parasite was successfully established in
      culture using Medium 199 supplemented with either 20% deer serum or 40% normal
      adult bovine serum. The highest parasitemia observed was 30% and more than 4
      parasites per erythrocyte were often observed. Cultured B. odocoilei remained
      infective for a susceptible white-tailed deer.

PMID- 3357097
TI  - Disculiceps galapagoensis n. sp. (Lecanicephalidea: Disculicepitidae) from the
      shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, with comments on D. pileatus.
AB  - Disculiceps galapagoensis n. sp. from the spiral valve of an oceanic whitetip
      shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, collected near the Galapagos rift is described
      and figured. It differs from D. pileatus (Linton, 1891) Joyeux and Baer, 1935,
      the only other species currently recognized in the genus, as follows: The collar
      is much wider in proportion to the cushion, the cushion tapers gradually to meet
      the collar rather than meeting it abruptly, and the vas deferens is much less
      extensive and convoluted. In addition, scanning electron microscopy reveals that
      the surface of the cushion in the new species bears a regular pattern of pores
      arranged in numerous parallel rows, whereas the cushion of D. pileatus apparently
      does not. The family diagnosis of the Disculicepitidae, and the description of D.
      pileatus are emended. The systematic position of the genus is discussed and it is
      recommended that, for the present, the group remains as a family in the order
      Lecanicephalidea.

PMID- 3357096
TI  - Tegumental glucose permeability in male and female Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Tegumental hexose transporters have been kinetically characterized in mated and
      separated male and female Schistosoma mansoni 8-12 wk postinfection. Significant
      gender-specific differences in Km and Vmax were observed. In mated males, the
      estimated constants (mean +/- SE) were: Km = 0.63 +/- 0.31 mM, Vmax = 0.93 +/-
      0.44 nmol/mg worm water/min, and the Kd = 0.25 +/- 0.09 microliter/mg worm
      water/min. In mated females the kinetics were: Km = 0.99 +/- 0.40 mM, Vmax = 1.22
      +/- 0.42 nmol/mg worm water/min, and Kd = 0.60 +/- 0.14 microliter/mg worm
      water/min. The influx of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methylglucose has been
      similarly characterized; these analogs share the same glucose transporter in male
      and female schistosomes. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has a higher affinity, and 3-O
      methylglucose a lower affinity, than does glucose. Because mated male
      schistosomes supply glucose to female partners, similarities between the free
      glucose concentration of the male and the affinity of the transporter determined
      for mated female schistosomes suggest that male-to-female transfer may be a
      potentially rate-limiting step in glucose utilization by the female. Permeability
      x surface are (PS) products and Vmax/Km ratios were significantly elevated in
      mated schistosomes, suggesting that the transporter is primarily localized to the
      dorsal surface of the male. Gender- and mating-specific analyses of PS products
      indicate that tegumental permeability to glucose is significantly increased in
      mated schistosomes, and compares very favorably to that of the host liver.

PMID- 3357098
TI  - Myobiidae (Acarina, Trombidiformes) associated with minor families of Chiroptera
      (Mammalia) and a discussion of phylogeny of chiropteran myobiid genera.
AB  - Three new genera, Natalimyobia n. gen., Furipterobia n. gen., and Mizopodobia n.
      gen., are erected for the myobiid mites associated with the chiropteran families
      Natalidae, Furipteridae, and Myzopodidae, respectively. The definitions for the
      genera Nycterimyobia, Thyromyobia, and Mystacobia, previously known only from one
      sex, are refined with the description of the opposite sex. Two different types of
      myobiid genera, one being represented by larger elongate forms and the other by
      smaller rounded forms, often share hosts within a chiropteran family. A larger
      elongate myobiid genus is associated exclusively with each chiropteran family.
      Phylogenetic relationships among 16 larger-sized myobiid genera, including the 3
      new ones, are deduced based primarily on the structure of female genitalia and
      secondarily on the formation of legs and chaetotaxy of idiosoma and legs. These
      relationships are regarded as being parallel to those of the chiropteran host
      families.

PMID- 3357099
TI  - Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the ferret.
AB  - The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was evaluated as an animal model for infection
      with human strains of Strongyloides stercoralis. Results indicate that such
      infections can be easily and reproducibly accomplished.

PMID- 3357100
TI  - Invasion of murine dendritic cells by Leishmania major and L. mexicana mexicana.

PMID- 3357101
TI  - Possible association between Dirofilaria tenuis infections in humans and its
      prevalence in raccoons in Florida.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria tenuis in
      raccoons from subtropical southern Florida as compared to the northern part of
      the state. The results indicate that D. tenuis is more prevalent in southern
      Florida and suggest that this might be why humans suffer from more D. tenuis
      infections in southern Florida than in other parts of the state.

PMID- 3357102
TI  - The effect of sera from cats infected with Brugia pahangi and subsequently
      treated with levamisole on the infectivity of third-stage larvae of B. pahangi.
AB  - Cats were treated with levamisole and the infective (L3) stage of Brugia pahangi.
      Serum from infected cats was subsequently tested for its ability to infect jirds.
      Jirds autopsied at 33 days postmortem showed significant levels of parasitemia.
      This is contrary to reports of a previous study wherein serum from humans
      infected with B. malayi was found to induce cell adherence and death of the L3.

PMID- 3357103
TI  - Lack of a specific humoral antibody response in Leiostomus xanthurus (Pisces:
      Sciaenidae) to parasitic copepods and monogeneans.

PMID- 3357104
TI  - Phosphoglycerides and derivatives in Taenia crassiceps examined by 31P NMR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Examination of the larval stage of the tapeworm, Taenia crassiceps, by 31P NMR
      spectroscopy revealed the presence of a major phosphoglyceride component.
      However, using saturation transfer, no exchange between glycerophosphorylcholine
      and phosphoglyceride or any other NMR-detectable phosphorus metabolites was
      detected.

PMID- 3357105
TI  - Critical comments on a recent letter to the editors regarding the use of frozen
      carcasses in parasite surveys.

PMID- 3357107
TI  - Mast cell responses to Hymenolepis microstoma infection in mice.
AB  - Murine mast cells (MC) responded strongly to Hymenolepis microstoma infection.
      Starting day 7 postinfection (PI) and continuing until the end of the experiment
      (35 days PI), significantly larger numbers of MC were present in both the
      duodenum and bile duct of infected mice than in uninfected controls. In animals
      challenged with 5 cysticercoids 2 wk after primary infection, the MC response in
      the duodenum, but not in the bile duct, was of even greater degree than in naive
      hosts. The majority of MC in the duodenum of infected and challenged mice were
      intraepithelial mucosal MC, whereas in the bile duct the majority were connective
      tissue MC. Hypertrophy of the duodenal submucosa and of the bile duct wall was
      noticeable in all infected and challenged hosts. Worms in primary infections were
      not affected by the host response, but none of the worms in the challenge dose
      became established. It is postulated that the type of MC involved in specific
      immune response of the host is the intraepithelial MC, whereas the cell type
      participating in general inflammatory events is the connective tissue MC.

PMID- 3357106
TI  - Life history and population biology of adult Acanthocephalus lucii
      (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae).
AB  - The life history and population biology of adult A. lucii in perch, Perca
      fluviatilis L., from the Forth and Clyde canal, Scotland, was investigated during
      May 1979-September 1981. There was an annual cycle in the size of the parasite
      population; prevalence and abundance (+/- SE) were highest during late spring and
      summer (70-90% and 14 +/- 4.3 to 16 +/- 5.6 worms/fish, respectively) but
      declined during late autumn and reached a minimum during winter (50-60% and 2.1
      +/- 0.9 to 3.2 +/- 0.6 worms/fish). Parasite maturation was associated with
      higher water temperatures during spring and summer and most shelled acanthors
      were probably produced during summer and fall. There was only 1 generation of A.
      lucii per year, although generations tended to overlap and individuals within
      each generation did not develop synchronously. The sex ratio of adults was
      initially near unity but favoured females in the later stages of the infection.
      The distribution of A. lucii among perch was highly aggregated and stomach
      content analysis suggested that this was partly due to heterogeneity in perch
      feeding behaviour. The negative binomial and Poisson lognormal models fitted the
      data on worm distribution. Seasonal changes in the degree of parasite aggregation
      were detected, but no conclusive evidence of density-dependent controls on
      parasite population growth was obtained.

PMID- 3357108
TI  - Homologous and heterologous resistance of Echinostoma revolutum and E. liei in
      ICR mice.
AB  - To study resistance of echinostomes in the mouse, female ICR mice were challenged
      homologously or heterologously with Echinostoma revolutum or E. liei
      metacercariae. Mice challenged homologously had significantly fewer worms which
      weighed less than those from control mice. In heterologous studies where the
      primary infection was not eliminated with an anthelmintic, the number of worms in
      challenged mice was not significantly different than that in controls which
      received only the primary infection. However, the mean dry weight/worm of the
      secondary infection was less than that of controls. Mice challenged with E.
      revolutum 2 days after a 21-day-old E. liei infection was eliminated with Zanil
      contained significantly fewer E. revolutum, which weighed less than those of
      controls.

PMID- 3357109
TI  - Excystation in vitro of Echinostoma liei and E. revolutum (Trematoda)
      metacercariae.
AB  - Metacercariae of Echinostoma liei and E. revolutum were excysted in an alkaline
      bile-trypsin medium at 41 C in the absence of acid-pepsin pretreatment. After 60
      min at a pH of 7.8 or 8.0, excystation of E. liei reached 98%; optimal
      excystation of E. revolutum occurred at pH 8.2 and was 70% after 60 min. The rate
      of excystation was very rapid in E. liei, reaching 91% at 30 min, and less rapid
      in E. revolutum reaching 40% at 30 min. Almost 100% of the E. liei cysts stored
      for 5.5 mo at 4 C in Locke's 1:1 excysted in the medium, compared to 40% for E.
      revolutum treated identically.

PMID- 3357110
TI  - The in vitro and in vivo effects of metronidazole and chloroquine on Trypanosoma
      brucei brucei.
AB  - Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei were grown over baby hamster
      kidney cells in minimum essential medium with various concentrations of
      metronidazole (Flagyl) and chloroquine. Both drugs inhibited the multiplication
      of the parasite in vitro. The least effective concentrations for metronidazole
      and chloroquine were 0.003 mg/ml and 0.0024 mg/ml, respectively. Groups of 12-day
      old female CDI mice were treated with 1 of the 2 drugs at 24, 48, and 72 hr after
      T. brucei infection. The drugs administered stat or daily reduced the number of
      parasites in the mice but did not effect a cure; they prolonged the survival
      period of the animals. However, metronidazole (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and
      chloroquine (0.08 mg/kg body weight) combined and given daily for 4 consecutive
      days cleared the infection. No trypanosomes were detected in the blood of these
      mice 3 mo after treatment. The dosages for both the in vitro (metronidazole 0.003
      mg/ml; chloroquine 0.0024 mg/ml) and in vivo (metronidazole 0.1 mg/kg body
      weight; chloroquine 0.08 mg/kg body weight) were well below those prescribed for
      humans.

PMID- 3357111
TI  - Diversity of the parasite assemblage of Fundulus zebrinus in the Platte River of
      Nebraska.
AB  - Changes in the values of the Shannon H' diversity index as determined for
      individual hosts (infraassemblage diversity), host samples (sample assemblage
      diversity), and for species density are reported for an assemblage of 7 parasites
      in Fundulus zebrinus in the Platte River in Nebraska for a 5-yr period. The
      parasites were: Myxosoma funduli (gill), Trichodina sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus
      bulbacanthus (gill), Salsuginus sp. (gill), Gyrodactylus stableri (body surface),
      and Neascus sp. (= Posthodiplostomum; eyes and body cavity). In addition,
      relative abundance and equitability are given for each of the study years. Mean
      infraassemblage diversity, sample assemblage diversity, species density, and
      equitability were all significantly negatively correlated with river streamflow
      (measured in cubic feet per second) of the year prior to the sample, but were
      independent of the concurrent year's streamflow. Over the long term, M. funduli
      and Trichodina sp. were the most, and G. bulbacanthus was the least, abundant.
      Species pair prevalence and relative density correlations showed few long-term
      patterns of co-occurrence or microallopatry. The strongest association was
      between M. funduli and the Neascus sp. and was attributed to similarities in
      ecological requirements of intermediate hosts.

PMID- 3357112
TI  - Functional relationships and microhabitat distributions of enteric helminths of
      grebes (Podicipedidae): the evidence for interactive communities.
AB  - The significance of interspecific interactions as a structuring force in the
      enteric helminth communities of 4 species of grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis,
      Podiceps grisegena, P. nigricollis, and P. auritus) was evaluated. Patterns of
      microhabitat distribution revealed that helminths resided in predictable
      locations along the length of the small intestine. Individual species of
      helminths occupied a high proportion of the intestine and varied in position in
      different host species suggesting a broad tolerance for conditions along the
      intestine. However, in individual birds, helminths were much more restricted in
      distribution, overlapped considerably less than their overall ranges would
      suggest, congeners had complementary distributions, and there was evidence of
      interference by at least 1 core species, all suggesting that interactions are
      important in these communities. Nevertheless, vacant niches were present in most
      birds, and core species were not distributed more evenly than would be expected
      through random placement. This suggests that important resources may not be
      distributed evenly along the intestinal gradient.

PMID- 3357113
TI  - The effects of crowding on adults of Echinostoma revolutum (Digenea:
      Echinostomatidae) in experimentally infected golden hamsters, Mesocricetus
      auratus.
AB  - All 30 female golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus, fed either 125 +/- 50 (group
      A), 300 +/- 50 (group B), or 500 +/- 50 (group C) metacercarial cysts of
      Echinostoma revolutum were infected 7-35 days postexposure. The mean number of
      worms in A, B, and C were 62, 96, and 212, respectively. Most of the worms in A
      were in the jejunum, but in C worms were about equally distributed in the
      duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and some were in the cecum. The body area and wet
      and dry weights of worms from C were significantly less than that of A or B at 2,
      4, and 5 wk postinfection. Echinostoma revolutum eggs were in the feces of 100%
      of the hamsters by days 12, 13, and 14 in A, B, and C, respectively.

PMID- 3357114
TI  - Evaluation of a possible functional relationship between chemical structure of
      intestinal brush border and immunity to Trichinella spiralis in the rat.
AB  - Primary exposure to Trichinella spiralis in the rat, while immunizing against
      reinfection, induces changes in the carbohydrate structure of intestinal brush
      border membranes. Immunity is expressed in heightened resistance to mucosal
      invasion by L1 larvae, and the change in structure is evident in reduced membrane
      binding of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin. The possibility that altered
      membrane composition is a requisite for expression of immunity was hypothesized
      and this was evaluated by correlating the maximum, specific binding of wheat germ
      agglutinin by isolated brush border membranes with (1) the expression of immunity
      acquired passively through serum transfer, and (2) the loss of immunity acquired
      from serial infections terminated in the intestinal phase. The hypothesis was
      further evaluated by determining whether the change in membrane structure
      represents a stimulus-specific response. We observed that (1) passively acquired
      immunity was not associated with a reduction in lectin binding and (2) short-term
      exposure to the intestinal stages of T. spiralis led to a reduction in lectin
      binding that was detectable at a time when rats were incapable of resisting
      reinfection. The change in lectin binding associated with trichinosis also
      accompanied infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Results uniformly
      support the conclusion that immunity to T. spiralis is independent of brush
      border membrane changes reflected in reduced binding of wheat germ agglutinin.

PMID- 3357115
TI  - In vivo and in vitro egg production by Nematospiroides dubius during primary and
      challenge infections in resistant and susceptible strains of mice.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to examine adult worm burdens, fecal egg output, and
      in vitro fecundity of Nematospiroides dubius in resistant LAF1 and susceptible
      CBA mice 12, 15, 18, and 21 days following primary and challenge infections. A
      strong correlation was obtained on the number of eggs produced by worms cultured
      in vitro and the egg production as assessed by fecal egg count. Worm counts,
      fecal egg counts, and in vitro fecundity were similar on all days studied
      following a primary infection in both mouse strains. However, after challenge
      infection, LAF1 mice showed lower worm burdens, fecal egg output, and in vitro
      egg production when compared to CBA mice. Although the egg production of
      surviving female worms from immune LAF1 mice was decreased, it never fell below a
      threshold of 100 eggs/day. The reduced fecundity may be a manifestation of a
      general anti-worm response rather than responses directed specifically at worm
      reproduction.

PMID- 3357116
TI  - A new method for cloning Giardia lamblia, with a discussion of the statistical
      considerations of limiting dilution.
AB  - This report describes a method of cloning Giardia lamblia by limiting dilution
      which is simpler than the previously described semisolid agar technique and which
      may also be applied as an assay of cell viability. A discussion of the basic
      statistics of limiting dilution, which is applicable to any cell type, and a
      method of statistically comparing colony-forming efficiencies from different cell
      populations are included. The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of this method,
      when applied to late log-phase cultures, is 72.1 +/- 10.05%. When only cells
      adherent to the sides of culture vials are cloned, the CFE is 87.1 +/- 9.85%.

PMID- 3357117
TI  - Immunocytolocalization study of the external covering of Trichinella spiralis
      muscle larva.
AB  - The antibody-binding sites of the muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis were
      investigated by immunogold staining on the ultrathin sections of LR white resin.
      The antibodies, which were produced in the course of T. spiralis infection in
      rats, specifically bound to the inner layers of the body cuticle and the cuticle
      of the hindgut, but not to the cuticle of the esophagus. This is the first report
      that reveals the antigenic nature of the inner layers of the external coverings
      of T. spiralis larva.

PMID- 3357118
TI  - Active and passive immunization of mice against larval Dirofilaria immitis.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine if Dirofilaria immitis larvae would
      survive in diffusion chambers implanted in dogs and mice and secondly to
      determine if mice could be immunized against infection with D. immitis.
      Dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae (L3) survived and grew in diffusion
      chambers implanted in dogs and mice for at least 3 wk. BALB/c mice, which were
      repeatedly infected with live L3, showed resistance to challenge infections. Dead
      L3, with or without adjuvants elicited no protective immunity. A correlation was
      found between the degree of immune protection seen in mice and antibody levels to
      soluble larval antigen but not to antibody levels to surface antigens. A
      monoclonal antibody was prepared that reacted with the surface of D. immitis and
      Onchocerca lienalis L3, but not to the surfaces of other stages and species of
      various filarial worms. When this antibody was administered to mice prior to
      challenge no significant reduction in larval survival was observed.

PMID- 3357119
TI  - Trichinella spiralis infections of inbred mice: immunologically specific
      responses induced by different Trichinella isolates.
AB  - The immune response of inbred mice was studied following infection with
      Trichinella spiralis var. pseudospiralis (TP) or with isolates of T. spiralis
      derived from a pig or from an arctic fox. Animals given a primary infection with
      1 isolate of Trichinella and challenged 21 days later with the same or different
      isolates responded more quickly by expelling worms from the homologous challenge.
      In addition, although mesenteric lymph node cells from mice infected with each
      isolate of Trichinella would proliferate in vitro when cultured with antigen
      derived from each of the others, the strongest proliferation response always
      occurred when cells were cultured in the presence of antigen prepared from the
      specific isolate used to infect the mouse from which the cells were derived. In
      addition, it was possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies that recognized an
      antigen expressed by TP which was not shared by T. spiralis isolates and vice
      versa. Collectively, these data support the conclusion that the differences
      observed in the kinetics of immune responsiveness to different Trichinella
      isolates are referable, at least in part, to differences among the isolates in
      the expression of functionally relevant antigens.

PMID- 3357120
TI  - Cultivation of Cryptosporidium baileyi: studies with cell cultures, avian
      embryos, and pathogenicity of chicken embryo-passaged oocysts.
AB  - Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium baileyi did not undergo development in primary
      cell cultures from either avian or mammalian hosts, or in mammalian cell lines.
      Oocysts of C. baileyi produced infections resulting in complete development to
      sporulated oocysts in chicken embryos and embryos of 8 other avian species
      examined. Inoculation of 4 X 10(5) oocysts was not pathogenic for avian embryos
      as evidenced by the lack of gross lesions or death. Oocysts obtained after C.
      baileyi had been passaged 10 times (first experiment) or 20 times (second
      experiment) in chicken embryos still caused clinical respiratory disease and
      gross airsacculitis when inoculated intratracheally into 2-day-old broiler
      chickens. Oocysts that had been passaged 10 times in chicken embryos were
      similarly pathogenic for 4-day-old turkeys after intratracheal inoculation.

PMID- 3357121
TI  - The development of Eustrongylides tubifex (Nematoda: Dioctophymatoidea) in
      oligochaetes.
AB  - Egg development of Eustrongylides tubifex (Nitzsch in Rudolphi, 1819)
      Jagerskiold, 1909, was studied at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 C. Eggs developed at
      20, 25, and 30 C. Development ceased at 0, 5, 10, and 15 C but resumed when
      temperatures were raised. Eggs contained first-stage larvae in 23-26 days at 25
      C. Seven species of aquatic oligochaetes were exposed experimentally to eggs of
      E. tubifex containing first-stage larvae. Third-stage larvae of E. tubifex
      developed in the aquatic oligochaetes, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862,
      and Tubifex tubifex (Muller, 1774). Larvae developed in the ventral blood vessel
      of oligochaetes. Second-stage larvae were seen first in oligochaetes 30 days
      postinfection and third-stage larvae were seen 70-109 days postinfection at 25 C.
      Third-stage larvae in oligochaetes retained the cuticle of the first and second
      molt.

PMID- 3357122
TI  - Eimeria from bats of the world. II. A new species in Tadarida femorosacca from
      Sonora, Mexico.
AB  - Between 1979 and 1980, 104 bats representing 13 species in 4 families were
      collected in California and New Mexico, U.S.A., and Baja California and Sonora,
      Mexico, and were examined for coccidia; only 3 (3%) had oocysts in their feces.
      Bats examined and their infection rates were: Molossidae: 0 of 12 Tadarida
      brasiliensis, 1 of 18 (6%) T. femorosacca; Natalidae: 0 of 1 Natalus stramineus;
      Phyllostomatidae: 0 of 1 Choeronycteris mexicana, 0 of 2 Leptonycteris sanborni,
      0 of 1 Macrotus californicus; Vespertilionidae: 0 of 9 Antrozous pallidus, 0 of
      28 Eptesicus fuscus, 0 of 1 Lasionycteris noctivagans, 0 of 3 Lasiurus borealis,
      2 of 22 (9%) L. cinereus, 0 of 1 L. ega, 0 of 5 Pipistrellus hesperus. Sporulated
      oocysts were only found in T. femorosacca and these represent a new species,
      Eimeria tadarida n. sp. They are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal, 19 x 25 (16-23 x
      20-30) microns; a micropyle is absent, and fragments within the oocyst may be
      oocyst residuum or multiple polar bodies. The oocyst wall, approximately 1.5
      microns, is composed of a mammillated outer layer and smooth inner layer.
      Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8 x 12 (6-9 x 10-14) microns, and have a small Stieda
      body and a wide substieda body. This is only the 14th eimerian to be described
      from bats worldwide. Only unsporulated or partially sporulated oocysts of an
      eimerian were seen in 2 L. cinereus. These measured 28 x 25 (27-29 x 24-26)
      microns and had a mammillated outer oocyst wall.

PMID- 3357123
TI  - Metazoan parasites of Himantopus mexicanus Muller (Aves) from southwestern Texas,
      with a checklist of helminth parasites from North America.
AB  - Nineteen species of helminths were recovered from 34 of 35 black-necked stilts,
      Himantopus mexicanus Muller, collected from the Fort Bliss ponds, El Paso County,
      Texas. New host records are marked with an. The species identified were: Acoleus
      vaginatus, Davainea himantopodis, Diplophallus polymorphus, Eurycestus avoceti,
      Hymenolepis himantopodis, Hymenolepis sp. 1, Infula macrophallus, Coacitrema
      michiganensis, Cyclocoelum lanceolatum, Notocotylus sp., Parastrigea mexicanus,
      Tanaisia fedtschenkoi, Capillaria sp., C. anatis, C. contorta, C. mergi,
      Chevreuxia americana, Eustronglydes mergorum, and Splendidofilaria sp. Six
      species of mallophagan lice and 1 species of nasal mite, Rhinonyssus himantopus,
      were recovered. Helminths showed little concentration for dominance (0.09), were
      not very evenly distributed (0.49 +/- 0.08) nor very diverse (0.73 +/- 0.14), and
      most species were highly aggregated. The helminth community consisted of an
      unusually large number of core species (10). Three large species of tapeworms
      exhibited mostly paired infections, were mutually exclusive, and were negatively
      associated (-1).

PMID- 3357124
TI  - Wakubitinema toyamai n. gen. and n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae)
      from the intestine of Rana (Limnonectes) Namiyei (Amphibia: Ranidae) on Okinawa
      Island, Japan.
AB  - Wakubitinema n. gen. (Nematoda: Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae: Quimperiinae) is
      erected for Wakubitinema toyamai n. sp. from the small intestine of Rana
      (Limnonectes) namiyei Stejneger, 1901, on Okinawa Island, Japan. Wakubitinema
      resembles Paraquimperia Baylis, 1934, and Desmognathinema Baker et al., 1987, but
      is readily distinguished from the former genus by the distinctly divided
      esophagus and the absence of cervical flanges and lateral alae, and from the
      latter genus by the postesophageal position of the excretory pore and cervical
      papillae and the presence of preanal unpaired papilla in males. Close
      morphological similarities between Wakubitinema and Paraquimperia may suggest
      that Wakubitinema has evolved from a quimperiid fish.

PMID- 3357125
TI  - Helminths of swallows of the mountains of Colorado, including Acuaria
      coloradensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spirurata).
AB  - Thirty-three tree swallows, Iridoprocne bicolor, and 5 violet-green swallows,
      Tachycineta thalassina, from the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains of northern
      Colorado were examined for helminths. Six species were found: Diplotriaena
      obtusa, Acuaria coloradensis n. sp. (Nematoda); Vitta magniuncinata, Angularella
      audubonensis (Cestoda); Plagiorchis maculosus (Trematoda); Mediorhynchus
      papillosus (Acanthocephala). The new species is most similar to A. multispinosa
      Perez Vigueras, 1937, but has 11 pairs of anal papillae and spicules measuring
      125 micron and 140 micron.

PMID- 3357126
TI  - A natural infection of Fascioloides magna in a llama (Lama glama).
AB  - A young, female llama (Lama glama) was euthanized following the onset of hindleg
      paresis and paralysis. Live trematodes, identified as Fascioloides magna, were
      identified from the liver of this animal. This represents the first report of F.
      magna in a llama.

PMID- 3357127
TI  - Distribution of Spiculopteragia pursglovei and S. odocoilei (Nematoda:
      Trichostrongyloidea) from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the
      southeastern United States.
AB  - The distribution of Spiculopteragia pursglovei (= Apteragia pursglovei) and S.
      odocoilei (= A. odocoilei) in 12 southeastern states was determined after
      examining the abomasal contents of 1,369 white-tailed deer over an 8-yr period.
      Spiculopteragia odocoilei was encountered with much greater frequency than S.
      pursglovei except in some areas along the Mississippi River drainage and the
      coasts of North Carolina and South Carolina. In instances where both parasites
      were found in a population, one usually expressed a dominance in both prevalence
      and intensity. These findings are in agreement with those of an earlier study
      conducted in the southeastern United States.

PMID- 3357128
TI  - Ten years without orbital optic nerve: late clinical results after removal of
      retrobulbar gliomas with preservation of blind eyes.
AB  - Surgical removal of gliomas of the orbital optic nerve by the transconjunctival
      approach with preservation of the associated eyes was successful and has been
      reported in several cases. The central retinal arteries in the anterior optic
      nerves were proven histologically to have been excised along with the gliomas in
      all cases. Due to suspected variations of blood supply, however, the retinal
      blood vessels postoperatively remained blood-filled in these blind eyes, and the
      eyes could be maintained. Follow-up of about 10 years in two cases with surviving
      blind eyes after surgical excision of large optic nerve gliomas revealed normal
      development of lids and orbit, good muscle function, and relatively good cosmetic
      appearance as well as satisfied patients.

PMID- 3357129
TI  - Collagen fibril abnormalities in the extraocular muscles in Ehlers-Danlos
      syndrome.
AB  - The dermal collagen fibrils and the fibrils of the extraocular muscles and the
      conjunctivas of both eyes of a child afflicted with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)
      were studied ultrastructurally. The results were evaluated statistically. Biopsy
      material was used in all instances. The collagen fibrils from all involved
      tissues showed a high percentage of size variation. Abnormalities of shape were
      noted. In the reticular dermis, 48% of fibrils were of normal diameter, 23% were
      enlarged, and 29% were thinner than normal. In the extraocular muscles, 77% were
      of normal size, 14.5% were larger, and 8.5% were smaller. In the conjunctivas,
      73% of fibrils were normal-sized, 22% were enlarged, and 5% were of small
      diameter. No small-sized fibrils were encountered in control extraocular muscles.

PMID- 3357130
TI  - Enlarged pupillary membranes.
AB  - Pupillary membranes are very commonly found on routine microscopic examination of
      the anterior segment and are usually of no clinical significance. We describe a 4
      year-old child with grossly enlarged pupillary membranes that formed a mesh-like
      arc over the entire pupillary aperture in both eyes. Although these membranous
      strands were very prominent, the child had normal visual acuity.

PMID- 3357131
TI  - Head posture measurement.
AB  - A technique is needed that will accurately measure head posture at all ages and
      without instrument artifact. A simple photographic method that allows such
      quantitative measurements is described. Studies have confirmed that it provides
      an accurate record of the three components of head posture. The advantages and
      limitations in clinical use are discussed.

PMID- 3357132
TI  - The spectrum in the morphology of the so-called "morning glory disc anomaly".
AB  - Eight cases illustrating the different configurations of the morning glory disc
      anomaly are presented. The spectrum of the appearance is due to variability in
      excavation of the disc, amount of glial tissue and hyaloid system remnants in the
      center of the disc, and degree of peripapillary pigmentary changes. There is no
      correlation between optic disc configuration and visual acuity. This anomaly
      should be suspected in infants presenting with unilateral retinal detachment.

PMID- 3357134
TI  - Papers presented at the 34th annual congress of the British Association of
      Paediatric Surgeons.

PMID- 3357133
TI  - Clinical manifestations of choanal atresia in infancy.
AB  - The clinical features of 41 infants with various types of nasal obstruction were
      reviewed to study the correlation between the degree of nasal obstruction and
      clinical manifestations. Twenty-one subjects had bilateral choanal
      atresia/stenosis; 12 had unilateral choanal atresia/stenosis, and eight who were
      referred with suspected choanal atresia had a simple inflammatory nasal
      obstruction. Patients with bilateral choanal obstruction and patients with
      unilateral choanal obstruction or rhinitis showed no differences in clinical
      picture or in referral age. Many infants with either unilateral or bilateral
      choanal obstruction had one or more symptoms not fully relieved after surgical
      repair, although the choanae were widely patent. At long-term follow-up the
      surviving patients showed spontaneous recovery and good nasal respiration.
      Overall, five patients died. Since the common syndrome appeared to be related to
      a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, we conclude that any type of nasal
      obstruction may exacerbate or precipitate an underlying maturational autonomic
      disturbance.

PMID- 3357135
TI  - Combined bladder augmentation and bladder neck suspension for neuropathic
      incontinence in girls.
AB  - We treated five girls with congenital neuropathic bladder, who had genuine stress
      incontinence combined with reduced detrusor compliance and/or detrusor
      hyperreflexia, by simultaneous Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz bladder-neck suspension
      and bladder augmentation using a sigmoid or ileocecal pouch. All are dry on 3 to
      4 hourly intermittent self-catheterization and we suggest that this method
      represents a useful and much cheaper alternative to the artificial urinary
      sphincter.

PMID- 3357136
TI  - Duodenal atresia: late follow-up.
AB  - In this study, 41 randomly chosen patients aged 15 to 35 years (mean 22 years)
      were carefully examined. As primary operations there were 13 membrane excisions,
      five duodenoduodenostomies, 22 duodenojejunostomies, and one gastrojejunostomy.
      Twenty-eight patients were symptom-free, ten admitted some discomfort, three had
      major pains, including one with a history of duodenal ulcer. Reoperation for
      adhesion ileus had been performed in six patients, in the early postoperative
      phase in one instance. At late follow-up barium meals (N = 41) showed completely
      normal findings in two cases only, hiatal hernia in two, gastritis in three,
      duodenogastric reflux in 12, slight dilation of the duodenum with good emptying
      and no reflux in 16, a huge duodenal sac in nine, diminished peristalsis in
      eight, delayed emptying in five, slight luminal narrowing in three, duodenal
      diverticuli in nine, bezoars in two, and a polyp in the duodenum of one patient.
      Ultrasound (N = 35) revealed a gallbladder septum in one patient and a dilated
      common bile duct in another; in one subject the gallbladder was not visualized
      satisfactorily. Isotope biligraphy (N = 15) showed biliary reflux to the stomach
      in 12 cases. Endoscopy (N = 20) findings were: esophagitis (1), hiatal hernia
      (2), gastric mucosa in the lower esophagus (2), biliary reflux (9), gastritis
      (7), gastric polyps (2), dilated duodenum of variable degree (19), diminished
      peristalsis (4), marked retention (2), abnormal papilla (3), diverticuli (4), and
      a persistent membrane (1). Histology showed superficial gastritis in three
      patients. E coli was cultured from the duodenal juice in five patients and
      Candida found in two.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357137
TI  - New observations on the pathogenesis of multiple intestinal atresias.
AB  - It has been suggested that multiple intestinal atresias result from multiple
      ischemic infarctions of the intestinal tract. We have studied surgical material
      from 59 neonates with intestinal atresias seen at our hospital between 1975 and
      1986. Forty (68%) patients had single intestinal atresias and 19 (32%) had
      multiple atresias. There were seven cases of hereditary multiple atresias seen in
      three families and 12 cases of nonhereditary multiple atresias. All hereditary
      cases had numerous type I or type II gastrointestinal atresias but none had type
      IIIa atresia. Six of the seven hereditary cases had multiple atresias in the
      small as well as large bowel. The 12 patients with nonhereditary atresias had
      various types of atresias but mesenteric or intestinal interruption was observed
      in only two patients. All patients with hereditary multiple intestinal atresias
      showed identical microscopic appearances in the small and large intestine,
      consisting of sieve-like multiple lumina, each surrounded by its own mucosa and
      muscularis mucosae but sharing a common muscle coat. There was no evidence of
      lanugo, bile pigments, or squames within the lumen distal to atretic segments in
      any of these patients. Six nonhereditary cases who had multiple septal atresias
      affecting only the small bowel demonstrated essentially similar lesions on
      microscopic examination as seen in hereditary cases. There was no evidence of
      arterial occlusion in the mesentery and lanugo, bile pigments, and squames could
      not be found distally in the intestinal contents in any of these cases. These
      pathologic findings suggest that all cases of hereditary multiple intestinal
      atresias and some cases of nonhereditary multiple intestinal atresias are a
      consequence of a malformative process of the gastrointestinal tract rather than
      an ischemic process.

PMID- 3357138
TI  - Ileocolic ulceration: a long-term complication following ileocolic anastomosis.
AB  - The long-term complications of loose stools and failure to thrive following
      resection of the ileocecal region with end-to-end ileocolic or jejunocolic
      anastomosis are well recognized. We report four cases of a previously undescribed
      insidious complication that has developed in 8% of our patients after a latent
      period of many years following the primary operation; that of perianastomotic
      ulceration leading to severe iron deficiency anemia.

PMID- 3357139
TI  - Successful management of idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction with cisapride.
AB  - This is a case report of a previously asymptomatic 11-year-old boy who developed
      chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Barium studies revealed grossly disordered
      motility of the proximal small bowel, and ganglion cells in a gastric biopsy were
      mildly abnormal. Treatment with conventional prokinetic agents and
      gastrojejunostomy were ineffective. Intravenous cisapride induced an immediate
      remission, which has been maintained subsequently by rectal administration of the
      drug.

PMID- 3357140
TI  - Anatomic evidence for coexistence of cholinergic and adrenergic neurons in the
      developing human intestine: new aspects in the pathogenesis of developmental
      neuronal abnormalities.
AB  - In order to interpret the interrelation of cholinergic and adrenergic myenteric
      neural elements in the developing human, histochemical methods were used to
      demonstrate cholinergic and adrenergic activity independently in consecutive
      cryostat sections of the esophagus, ileocecal region, and colon of fetuses of 9
      to 22 weeks ovulation age. At least some of the neural cells remained plastic,
      with respect to their transmitter choice, and showed both cholinergic and
      adrenergic function. These cells were shown to be present first in the ileocecal
      region (11 weeks) then in the esophagus (12 weeks) and lastly in the colon (14
      weeks). Our findings support the hypothesis of a dual gradient of maturation of
      enteric neurons. The choice of transmitters is influenced by a
      "microenvironmental" factor, which may also arrest the maturation or cause the
      death of neurons.

PMID- 3357141
TI  - Natural history and pathophysiology of enterocolitis in the piebald lethal mouse
      model of Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - A breeding colony of piebald lethal mice was established in order to study the
      natural history of congenital megacolon in a mouse model of Hirschsprung's
      disease and to investigate mucosal defense mechanisms and secretory functions in
      enterocolitis complicating congenital megacolon. In experiment 1, 214 mice were
      studied, 53 of which had congenital megacolon. All piebald lethal mice with
      congenital megacolon (S1/S1) died at 3 to 11 weeks of age. Two distinct patterns
      of mortality were identified. A majority of mice (64%) became acutely ill at 3 to
      4 weeks of age and died, whereas the remainder died between 9 and 11 weeks of
      age. The former group of mice exhibited clinical and histologic evidence of
      severe enterocolitis while the latter group had massive abdominal distension and
      classical megacolon. In experiment 2, piebald mice with congenital megacolon were
      killed at the time of acute illness. Significant histologic and
      immunohistochemical differences were seen in the ganglionic colon between piebald
      mice with early clinical onset of acute illness and piebald mice with the
      classical clinical picture of congenital megacolon. In the former group of mice
      the number of immunocytes in the lamina propria was significantly higher than in
      control mice (P less than .001), immunoglobulin-producing cells were equally
      distributed throughout the lamina propria and IgA-containing cells were by far
      the most abundant cell type identified in the colon. In the latter group of mice,
      immunocyte responses were significantly low and the distribution of immunocytes
      markedly different, with the immunoglobulin-producing cells being located only at
      the deep layer of lamina propria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357142
TI  - Stoma-related variceal bleeding: an under-recognized complication of biliary
      atresia.
AB  - The medical records of 52 children with biliary atresia treated by
      portoenterostomy and evaluated for liver transplantation were reviewed to
      determine the frequency of stoma variceal bleeding and the optimal strategies for
      prevention and treatment. Eighteen patients had had prior stoma closure, four by
      preperitoneal closure without takedown from the abdominal wall. Three of the four
      developed occult variceal bleeding from the stoma closure site. Twenty-two
      patients had a stoma present at evaluation. All 22 patients with stomas (100%)
      had at least one bleeding episode requiring transfusion. Treatment included
      transfusion and local pressure (9), suture ligation of the bleeding site (5), and
      stoma closure and/or takedown (11). Local treatment led to recurrences in eight
      of 14 (57%) of the cases. To reduce the high mortality in patients with biliary
      atresia awaiting liver transplantation, multiple variceal bleeding episodes
      should be prevented. To eliminate one source, stoma variceal bleeding, the stoma,
      whether functioning or nonfunctioning should be taken down and closed.
      Preperitoneal closure alone does not prevent stoma bleeding.

PMID- 3357144
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous metronidazole in neonates.
AB  - Metronidazole is being extensively used in neonates for the prevention and
      treatment of anaerobic infections. However, detailed pharmacokinetic studies are
      not available. Thirty neonates receiving intravenous metronidazole 7.5 mg/kg at
      eight-hour intervals were studied with serial blood levels. The levels increased
      up to the third day of treatment and then reached a plateau. Neonates less than
      seven days of age showed higher levels than older infants. Septicemic neonates,
      however, showed continually rising levels. The half-life of metronidazole was
      22.3 to 22.5 hours, approximately twice that in adults. This study indicates that
      neonates handle the drug differently than adults and may require it in lesser
      doses or at greater time intervals.

PMID- 3357143
TI  - Patient-controlled analgesia in pediatric surgery.
AB  - Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with a microprocessor-operated infusion
      syringe was first suggested for human use in 1965. Clinical studies from the
      United States and Europe have shown this form of analgesia to be well accepted by
      adults, but the use of this technology for children has not been studied. We
      evaluated PCA in 15 consecutive pediatric surgical patients between the ages of
      11 and 18 years undergoing major thoracic or abdominal surgery. The patients and
      their parents were instructed in the use of the equipment prior to surgery and
      PCA was initiated after the patients left the recovery room. The mean duration of
      PCA was 2.6 days. No serious mechanical difficulties with the infusion apparatus
      were encountered. The acceptance of PCA was excellent with only two patients
      preferring some other method of analgesia. Pain relief was assessed twice daily
      by a registered nurse using a verbal-visual pain scale. On a 1 to 10 scale
      average pain relief was 7.2. Eight of the patients had had a previous operation,
      and seven of these reported that PCA was a better method of achieving pain
      control. A comparison of the 15 study patients with 15 previous patients with
      similar procedures indicated that PCA patients used less analgesia in the
      postoperative period, although they tended to use more in the first 24 hours. PCA
      is found to be a safe and effective means of analgesia in pediatric patients.
      Adequate pain relief was achieved with less analgesia and with less nursing
      attention. This technology is recommended for postoperative pediatric patients.

PMID- 3357145
TI  - Maternoembryonic transfusion and congenital malformations: an experimental study
      using rat embryos.
AB  - In an experimental study, using an in vitro whole rat embryo culture, the effects
      of a maternoembryonic transfusion and immunologic interaction on the development
      of ten-day-old rat embryos (stages 8 to 10 somites) has been studied.
      Transplacental transfusion has been simulated by embryonic intracardiac
      microinjection of 0.1 to 0.5 microL immunologically active rat serum. After an
      incubation of 24 and 48 hours, respectively, the embryos were killed. All tested
      embryos have survived the incubation period. On microscopic examination of the
      tested embryos those that were taken from the incubator after 24 hours showed no
      signs of pathogenic cell degeneration, while the embryos that were taken from the
      incubator after 48 hours all had localized lesions with pathogenic cell
      degeneration in one or multiple major structures. The neurectoderm and endoderm
      seem to be the most sensitive tissues in this period of organogenesis. The
      results suggest that immunologic reaction to transplacental transfusion of
      maternal serum may lead to congenital malformations.

PMID- 3357146
TI  - Gonadoblastoma in infancy: indications for early gonadectomy in 46XY gonadal
      dysgenesis.
AB  - A 15-month-old phenotypic female was diagnosed as having 46XY gonadal dysgenesis
      following karyotyping for Turner-like features. Gonadectomy at the time of
      bilateral ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux showed
      gonadoblastoma. This case, in which malignancy was already established at 15
      months, indicates the need for early gonadectomy, which should be performed at
      the time of diagnosis.

PMID- 3357147
TI  - Neoseminal vesicle created from retained mullerian duct to preserve the vas in
      male infants.
AB  - Patients with retained mullerian ducts who have a predominantly male phenotype
      must undergo removal of the mullerian structure in addition to preservation of
      male structures. Often the vas conjoins with the vaginal wall. Whereas formerly
      we divided the vas from the mullerian structures, we now attempt to preserve the
      vas to maintain as much testicular function as possible by creation of a
      neoseminal vesicle. This procedure can be done separately or can accompany
      hypospadias reconstruction.

PMID- 3357148
TI  - [Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid. Apropos of a case].
AB  - Repeated epistaxis in a 12 year old child revealed an aneurysmal bone cyst of
      ethmoid, an exceptional localization for this lesion. Modern imaging techniques
      (CT scan, NMR) provided precise data on its extent, primordial for decision as to
      surgical approach. NMR imaging was more effective than the CT scan for diagnosis,
      since blood lakes were identified, and for determination of extent, since tumoral
      elements were distinguished from sinusal retentions.

PMID- 3357149
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in the study of acoustic neurinoma].
AB  - Exploration of acoustic neurinoma, the most frequent benign tumor of posterior
      fossa, now includes magnetic resonance imaging, and an C.G.R. supraconductor
      apparatus (0.5 Tesla) has been in use since March 1986. This equipment provides
      high resolution frontal sections, not only of posterior fossa but of the two
      pontocerebellar angles and even the contents of the two IAC (thin, contiguous 4
      mm sections in 256 x 256 matrix). A total of 43 patients were examined, 37 with
      surgically confirmed acoustic neurinoma and 2 with tumor recurrence. The
      neurinoma appears on the first echo as a hyposignal in relation to brain stem in
      sequences predominant in T1 and as a hypersignal in relation to peripontic CSF in
      sequences predominant in T2. Short sequences predominant in Tl (partial
      saturation or short ET and RT spin-echos) appear to be most effective for
      detection of acoustic neurinoma. Comparison of MRI and CT scan imaging showed
      that firstly, all cases detected by conventional scanography were correctly
      analyzed by MRI, with superiority for MRI for preoperative screening due to the
      frontal sections obtained without interference and, secondly, the non-invasive
      confirmation of diagnosis in doubtful or negative cases requiring computerized
      gaz meatocisternography. No false negative or false positive results were
      reported in our series or those documented in the literature using this new
      imaging technique, but high performance apparatus is necessary (thin sections ans
      powerful principal magnetic field of at least 0.5 resla). Improvements in this
      method could be obtained by the availability of more rapid programmes, the use of
      surface coils and the injection of paramagnetic substances (galodinium chelates)
      presently under study. NMR imaging is a reliable and non-invasive imaging method
      capable of replacing the scanner for study of acoustic neurinoma as soon as more
      apparatuses become available.

PMID- 3357150
TI  - [A benign tumor of the cavum: Thornwald's cyst].
AB  - The non neoplastic diseases of the nasopharynx are uncommon especially in adults.
      Cyst of pharyngeal bursa or Thornwald cyst are located in the supero-posterior
      nasopharynx, in the location of the normal pharyngeal bursa which open into the
      pharyngeal mucosa. When it persists, a cyst can develop if the orifice becomes
      occluded. The have a characteristic and distinctive C.T. and N.M.R. aspects, as
      presented in this paper, well circumscribed round midline mass, sparing muscles
      lateral as well as posterior, with an high signal in T1 and T2 N.M.R. sequences.
      No discussion with other pathologic conditions is useful because carcinoma,
      adenoid and pharyngeal polyp, or Killian's polyps haven't this configuration.

PMID- 3357151
TI  - [Comparison of MRI and scanning coupled with myelography in the diagnosis of
      cervicobrachial neuralgia].
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to compare the accuracy of surface coil
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography with myelography (CTM)
      in the determination of cervical radiculopathy with or without myelopathy. Twenty
      five patients underwent both imaging studies. The separately imaging diagnosis
      and the surgical findings were the basis of this study. The based-MRI and based
      CTM predictions were not significant. MRI predicted two disc herniations that CTM
      did not predict. CTM predicted a combination of disk herniation and stenosis and
      one more lateral stenosis that MRI did not predict. Among the fourteen patients
      who underwent surgery, one underwent surgery only on based-MRI prediction, it was
      a disc herniation; one patient was operated on only on based-CTM prediction, it
      was a stenosis. In these operated patients, the predictive value of the both
      imaging modalities was not significant. In this report the diagnostic assessment
      of MRI and CTM was overall the same. The major advantages of MRI were its ability
      to display all the cervical spine, to study the disk pathology and to delineate a
      signal alteration within cord substance but the disadvantage was the difficulty
      to characterize the osteophytes made of cortical bone which did not give signal.

PMID- 3357152
TI  - 'Sciences' basic to psychiatry.

PMID- 3357153
TI  - Neonatal septal deviations.
AB  - In a review of 1000 consecutive neonates of all races, nasal septal deformity was
      identified in 29, an incident of 2.9%; significantly fewer cases were found in
      negroid babies (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05). Ten cases (35%) underwent
      manipulation of the deviated septum. Six-monthly review revealed that symptoms
      associated with the septal deformity are rare. In 7 (44%) of the 16 cases not
      manipulated, the septum straightened spontaneously during the first few months of
      life. The appearance of the deviation is not of a dislocation of the caudal edge
      of the cartilage but a smooth concavity. In vitro compression of the neonatal
      nasal cavity reproduced this C-shaped deformity, but only temporarily.
      Histological serial sections of 6 postmortem nasal cavities showed that the high
      laminae of the vomer prevent any caudal dislocation of the septal cartilage.

PMID- 3357154
TI  - Treatment of urethral stricture disease by internal urethrotomy followed by
      intermittent 'low-friction' self-catheterization: preliminary communication.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine whether the natural course of urethral
      stricture disease could be modified following urethrotomy by teaching patients
      intermittent self-catheterization. Preliminary results in 42 patients show that
      postoperative urine flow rates can be maintained if this method of 'low-friction'
      catheterization is adopted. The technique has been well received by an elderly
      group of patients and can be recommended for wider use.

PMID- 3357156
TI  - Place of abdominoperineal excision in rectal cancer.
AB  - In an attempt to elucidate if and when there is a place for abdominoperineal
      excision in rectal cancer, we have evaluated survival, risk of local recurrence
      and functional results of alternative procedures. There seems to be no difference
      in survival rate after intended curative surgery for rectal cancer between rectal
      excision and sphincter-saving resection. This is also true with respect to risk
      of local recurrence, except in patients with poorly differentiated Dukes' C
      tumours, where the risk of significant distal intramural spread is increased.
      Functional results are satisfactory after low anterior resection with colorectal
      anastomosis, whereas colo-anal anastomosis is followed by less satisfactory
      results especially in elderly patients. In these patients rectal excision with a
      permanent colostomy is probably preferable.

PMID- 3357155
TI  - Sliding hip screws and medial displacement osteotomy.
AB  - The case notes and radiographs of 108 patients who had undergone compression
      screw fixation of trochanteric fractures of the femur were reviewed. Forty-seven
      patients had unstable comminuted fractures, and 20 of these had medial
      displacement osteotomies performed. In 40% of this group the operation was not a
      success in terms of extrusion of the screw through the femoral head, compared
      with 20% for the whole series of 108 patients. A number of parameters were
      studied in the search for a cause for the failure, and there was a correlation
      with a superior position of the screw initially, and a low serum albumin.
      Although the proximal fragment abutted the plate at the time of operation, the
      medial cortices of the proximal and distal fragments were often not in
      apposition, allowing the fracture to collapse into varus with resultant
      extrusion. Unless a stable configuration is achieved at the time of operation,
      reliance on the sliding component of these implants to allow for collapse at the
      fracture site will not necessarily produce this stability, and failure will
      ensue.

PMID- 3357157
TI  - The immediate response to injection therapy for first-degree haemorrhoids.
AB  - Over an 8-month period, 100 consecutive patients undergoing sclerotherapy for
      first-degree haemorrhoids were issued with a questionnaire to assess responses to
      this treatment. Success was defined as complete cessation of bleeding at
      defaecation. The effect on bleeding was assessed at the end of 24 hours (99
      responders) and 4 weeks later (98 responders): of 61 patients (62%) with no
      bleeding at 24 hours, only 40 (41%) remained symptom-free at 28 days post
      injection. Twelve patients were treatment failures (either unchanged or increased
      bleeding post-injection). More than half the patients (n = 59) experienced pain
      related to the injection, which was severe in 9 cases. Although only 3 patients
      expressed complete dissatisfaction with the treatment they received, and overall
      88% were either cured of bleeding or improved, the results suggest that critical
      judgment should be exercised before recommending the treatment to patients with
      minimal occasional bleeding due to first-degree haemorrhoids.

PMID- 3357158
TI  - Say yes to life: a pilot study.
AB  - In an attempt to assess whether there are any characteristics which a majority of
      ordinary people regard as life-affirming or life-denying, a questionnaire was
      given to a pilot group of 167 respondents, representing three different age and
      social categories. Five life-affirming and five life-denying characteristics were
      mentioned by more than 10% of respondents. Of the former, Drive, Sociability,
      Happiness and Optimism were endorsed by 15-20%. Of the latter, Unsociability and
      Poor Coping were mentioned by 22%, making them distinctly more frequent than the
      following categories of Pessimism, Lack of Drive and Unhappiness (11-14%). It is
      suggested that a number of these subjectively determined characteristics, which
      the general public perceive as being life-affirming or denying, do indeed
      influence physical or mental health, illness or illness behaviour. It may
      therefore be of value to utilize this set of public perceptions in future
      programmes of health education.

PMID- 3357159
TI  - Why not have definitive trials of gastrointestinal safety for non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs? Discussion paper.

PMID- 3357160
TI  - Malignant ventricular arrhythmias caused by hyperkalaemia complicating the
      Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.

PMID- 3357161
TI  - Amniotic bands: an unusual chest lesion.

PMID- 3357162
TI  - Phrynoderma and perforating folliculitis due to vitamin A deficiency in a
      diabetic.

PMID- 3357163
TI  - The treatment of obstructing intestinal endometriosis.

PMID- 3357164
TI  - Amyloidosis presenting in the urethra.

PMID- 3357165
TI  - Drug safety and the CSM.

PMID- 3357166
TI  - Benign thoracic pain and thoracic disc prolapse.

PMID- 3357167
TI  - Origin of non-haematogenous synovial lining cells in inflammatory hyperplasia.

PMID- 3357168
TI  - Vena caval obstruction in Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3357169
TI  - Practical strategy for diagnosing occult thyrotoxicosis in patients with
      paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3357170
TI  - Toxicity of linalool to life stages of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis
      (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), and its efficacy in carpet and on animals.

PMID- 3357171
TI  - Seasonal changes in feeding on cattle and reproduction by Amblyomma americanum
      (Acari: Ixodidae) under field conditions.

PMID- 3357172
TI  - Reduced oviposition in Ornithodoros moubata (Acari: Argasidae) fed on tick
      sensitized and vitellin-immunized rabbits.

PMID- 3357174
TI  - Ixodid ticks on the coyote and gray fox at land between the lakes, Kentucky
      Tennessee, and implications for tick dispersal.

PMID- 3357173
TI  - Ectoparasites of Eastern and Western meadowlarks from the Rio Grande plains of
      south Texas.

PMID- 3357175
TI  - An improved power duster for mass delousing of humans.

PMID- 3357176
TI  - Bloodmeal identification by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
      tested on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya.

PMID- 3357177
TI  - Career plans and debt levels of graduating U.S. medical students, 1981-1986.
AB  - Trends in students' responses to the annual graduation questionnaire of the
      Association of American Medical Colleges from 1981 to 1986 were examined. Since
      1981 the percentage of students choosing primary care specialties dropped from
      43.6 percent to 36.6 percent. The decline of interest in primary care specialties
      occurred mainly in general internal medicine. Changes in career activity since
      1981 reflected increasing interest by the students in full-time academic
      appointments and decreasing interest in solo, private practices. Changes in the
      size of a city in which students planned to practice reflected an increasing
      interest in large cities or suburbs. The students' preferences for certain
      geographic regions of the country for practice locations changed very little.
      Finally, total postsecondary educational debt increased from an average of
      +19,697 in 1981 to an average of +33,499 in 1986. This difference represents a 70
      percent increase as measured by 1987 dollars and a 37 percent increase in
      constant dollars.

PMID- 3357178
TI  - Effects of the 'preresidency syndrome' on students' selection of fourth-year
      courses.
AB  - The influence of the "preresidency syndrome" on students' selection of fourth
      year courses was examined. The fourth-year courses selected by the classes of
      1982 and 1986 in the Brown University Program in Medicine were compared. The
      author considered that members of the 1982 class were less likely than those in
      the 1986 class to have been influenced by perceptions of increased competition
      for residency positions. The students in the class of 1986 were found to have
      deferred third-year clerkships into the fourth year more often than the class of
      1982. The class of 1986 selected more courses related to their intended specialty
      than did the class of 1982, particularly for those intending to pursue
      residencies in orthopedics. Also, the class of 1986 spent a greater proportion of
      their fourth year in electives at hospitals where they intended to apply for
      residencies. These data support the contention that medical students' perception
      that residency positions were more difficult to obtain led to changes in
      selecting courses in the fourth-year of medical school.

PMID- 3357179
TI  - A peer review process to assess the quality of graduate medical education.
AB  - Accreditation standards for graduate medical education require the internal
      evaluation of programs. In this paper, the authors describe a system of peer
      review instituted to meet these requirements and report on the supporting
      administrative structure and outcome of the peer review process. Although time
      consuming and in some cases causing apprehension among staff members and
      residents, the experience of a peer review process was useful for staff members,
      residents, and administrators. Peer review was found to be effective in
      identifying program strengths and weaknesses and in increasing communication
      among staff members and between administrators and staff members about the
      teaching programs.

PMID- 3357180
TI  - Introductory course in biomedical ethics in the obstetrics-gynecology residency.
AB  - Teaching biomedical ethics to physicians at the postgraduate level is difficult
      because of the time constraints in residency training programs. The author here
      describes the information used in a brief lecture that introduces a biomedical
      ethics curriculum in an obstetrics and gynecology residency.

PMID- 3357181
TI  - Determining geriatric content in a medical school curriculum.
AB  - Geriatric content in a medical school curriculum was assayed by surveying faculty
      course directors and students about course content, by conducting an independent
      review of course content, and by analyzing the content of course examinations.
      The students' assessments of geriatric content were found to be not valid.
      Considerable variability was found in the amount of geriatric content within
      courses, and review of course examinations was found to be the most valid review
      method. Pharmacology and second-year psychiatry courses were shown to have the
      most coverage of geriatrics, while microbiology, biochemistry, and neuroanatomy
      courses were shown to have the least coverage of geriatric items. The geriatric
      items in the course examinations correlated strongly (r = .71) with the National
      Board of Medical Examiners Part I and Part II examinations; because of this
      correlation, the investigators felt the study findings may be generalizable
      outside the one medical school. It would appear that geriatric content within the
      medical school curriculum is low; however, the results of the review methods
      indicate that disagreement exists over the degree of deficiency. The authors
      conclude that examination review offers an expeditious method to determine the
      relative emphasis placed upon geriatrics material within specific courses.

PMID- 3357182
TI  - Evaluation of an educational intervention to increase health promotion by
      residents.
AB  - Preventive health practices known to benefit the general public include aerobic
      exercise, seat belt use, and self-examination for breast or testicular cancer.
      Unfortunately, none of these practices is universally promoted by physicians, nor
      are they widely practiced by patients. To assess whether residents who received a
      packet of printed material on these four health-related practices and had a 5- to
      15-minute review of the material with a physician and an educator would increase
      their promotion of these healthful behaviors, a controlled trial was conducted at
      the University of Missouri--Columbia Hospitals and Clinics. When baseline
      differences in the behavior between the intervention and control groups of
      residents were controlled statistically, there was no significant difference in
      the amount of health promotion done by the two groups after the educational
      intervention. An educational intervention may not be an effective way to increase
      residents' promotion of healthful activities. These results raise questions about
      the methods used in some previously published studies that suggested favorable
      effects of education on physicians' behavior.

PMID- 3357183
TI  - A community outreach training program for pediatric residents and medical
      students.
AB  - In 1982 the Division of Community Pediatrics of the University of North Carolina
      at Chapel Hill began a new training program for all first-year pediatrics
      residents and fourth-year medical students taking an ambulatory pediatrics
      elective. The program was designed to introduce the trainees to community
      resources for children and increase their knowledge of the factors affecting
      children's development. During their regular hospital clinic rotations, the
      trainees spend approximately one-third of their time in program activities that
      involve 25 community agencies. Educational packets (consisting of books, journal
      articles, films, slides, videotapes, self-instruction materials, manuals for
      developmental tests, and/or agency materials) are provided for each program
      component. At the end of each one-month rotation of program activities, the
      trainees meet individually with the program director and coordinator to discuss
      the trainee's experiences and reactions and to identify strengths and weaknesses
      of the program components.

PMID- 3357184
TI  - Cognitive and noncognitive factors in predicting the clinical performance of
      medical school graduates.

PMID- 3357185
TI  - New results relating the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and medical specialty
      choice.

PMID- 3357186
TI  - Characteristics of active and less active researchers in a group of Canadian
      health professionals.

PMID- 3357187
TI  - A required and elective curriculum in ethics for medical students.

PMID- 3357188
TI  - A model for selecting a psychiatry chief resident.

PMID- 3357189
TI  - On the importance of ethics.

PMID- 3357190
TI  - Proceedings of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 156th
      meeting. London, 6-8 January 1988. A joint meeting with the Anaerobe Discussion
      Group. Synopses of papers of microbiological interest.

PMID- 3357192
TI  - Nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria in the achlorhydric stomach.
AB  - The microbial composition of samples of gastric juice from eight achlorhydric
      patients was determined by aerobic and rigorously anaerobic culture techniques.
      Bacteria from 16 genera were commonly isolated, but representatives of only three
      genera, (streptococci, neisseriae and haemophili) were isolated from every
      patient. Nitrate and nitrite were both reduced by veillonellae, haemophili,
      staphylococci, corynebacteria, lactobacilli, flavobacteria and fusobacteria, but
      the potential rate of nitrate reduction by suspensions of veillonellae,
      Haemophilus parainfluenzae and members of the Enterobacteriaceae were up to ten
      times more rapid than the rate of nitrite reduction. Conversely, although all
      Neisseria spp. reduced nitrite only some strains reduced nitrate. Streptococci
      did not reduce nitrate. Streptococcus sanguis reduced nitrite when grown with
      haematin; other streptococci did not reduce nitrite. Bacterial nitrate and
      nitrite reduction were active over the pH range 6-8, similar to the pH range of
      the achlorhydric stomach. From a knowledge of the composition of the bacterial
      flora and their potential rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction under prevailing
      conditions, predictions were made about the tendency of nitrite to accumulate
      during nitrate reduction. Studies of the transient accumulation of nitrite by
      mixed cultures of H. parainfluenzae and N. subflava were consistent with these
      predictions. Haemophili and veillonellae could be responsible for the
      accumulation of nitrite in the gastric juice of some patients, whereas
      streptococci and neisseriae would tend to remove nitrite from the stomach as
      rapidly as it formed.

PMID- 3357191
TI  - The effect of a copper intra-uterine contraceptive device on the microbial
      ecology of the female genital tract.
AB  - Bacteria isolated from 108 intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) removed
      from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), haemorrhage, pregnancy and
      from asymptomatic women, and from the genital tracts of 66 healthy controls not
      wearing an IUCD, were studied. No significant differences were found in the types
      of micro-organisms or isolation rates from IUCDs removed from women in the
      various clinical groups. The isolation rate of anaerobic bacteria from IUCDs
      removed from asymptomatic wearers was significantly lower than that from
      controls, with the exception of the isolation rate of actinomyces which was
      significantly higher in IUCD wearers and A. israelii was recovered only from
      IUCDs. The isolation rates of the different bacterial species varied with the
      duration of the device in utero. The presence of a copper IUCD altered the
      bacterial flora of the female genital tract. The insertion of such a device and
      the ecological changes that follow play a crucial role in the development of PID.

PMID- 3357193
TI  - Fingerprinting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the immunoblot
      technique.
AB  - A series of 133 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was
      fingerprinted by the immunoblot technique. Extracts were prepared by lysostaphin
      degradation of overnight cultures and peptides were separated by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptides were transblotted on to
      nitrocellulose membranes and probed with (1) a hyperimmune rabbit serum raised
      against a methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate, (2) a hyperimmune rabbit serum
      raised against an isolate of S. epidermidis, and (3) serum from a patient who had
      recovered from an infection with a methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This typing
      method confirmed the existence of an epidemic strain that accounted for 102 of
      the isolates. The remaining 31 isolates were grouped into a further seven types
      which correlated with the results of phage typing and antibiograms.

PMID- 3357194
TI  - Estimation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae antitoxin in human sera: a comparison
      of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the toxin neutralisation test.
AB  - Serum samples from 101 individuals were titrated for Corynebacterium diphtheriae
      antitoxin by an IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a
      neutralisation test in tissue culture (TC). In some of the sera, the
      concentrations of antitoxin determined by the two assays were different;
      antitoxin values in these sera were titrated again by neutralisation tests in
      guinea pigs (GNT). Antitoxin concentrations of greater than 0.01 IU/ml by GNT
      partly corresponded to values obtained in both ELISA and TC. Only the values from
      TC agreed with lower GNT results. Heat inactivation of sera was investigated and
      rejected as a possible reason for the discrepancy in the results. ELISA can be
      used to detect levels of less than 0.1 IU/ml, although the accuracy below 0.01
      IU/ml, often considered a protective level, is questionable. At higher levels
      ELISA was reproducible for the titration of diphtheria antitoxin in human sera
      and offers a useful alternative to both in-vivo assays and TC.

PMID- 3357195
TI  - Identification of gram-positive anaerobic cocci by use of systems for detecting
      pre-formed enzymes.
AB  - Two systems for detecting pre-formed enzymes, RapID ANA and a prototype system
      from API, were compared in a blind study for their ability to identify 69 gram
      positive anaerobic cocci isolated from clinical specimens. Both systems were able
      to identify Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Ps. asaccharolyticus and Ps. micros
      accurately without the need for further tests. The prototype API system
      identified all isolates of Ps. magnus correctly, but the RapId ANA system
      misidentified several isolates as Ps. micros. Numerous different enzyme patterns
      were found with the indole-negative, butyrate-producing cocci (Ps. prevotii and
      Ps. tetradius), suggesting that this group of organisms may be heterogeneous. We
      conclude that kits for detecting preformed enzymes are of considerable potential
      for the identification of gram-positive anaerobic cocci in clinical laboratories.

PMID- 3357196
TI  - Growth autonomy: the only requirement for metastasis?

PMID- 3357197
TI  - Noninvestigational uses of investigational drugs: some implications of FDA's
      revised regulations.

PMID- 3357198
TI  - Coincidental acquisition of growth autonomy and metastatic potential during the
      malignant transformation of factor-dependent CCL39 lung fibroblasts.
AB  - After sc implantation into BALB/c nude mice, factor-dependent and premalignant
      Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL39) developed into tumors that occasionally
      disseminated and produced pulmonary metastases. Unlike CCL39 cells that required
      several growth factors (insulin, alpha-thrombin, epidermal growth factor) to
      proliferate in culture, metastatic tumor cells divided autonomously in serum-free
      medium. The re-implantation of independently isolated primary tumors revealed
      that they comprised factor-independent clones present at a variable frequency, as
      well as malignant clones that disseminated to the lungs after sc or iv
      inoculation. The resulting metastases invariably contained cells that were able
      to divide in serum-free medium and that presumably represented the progeny of
      autonomous variants populating the primary tumors. Among ten CCL39 variants
      selected in vitro for reduced growth factor requirements, two were metastatic
      upon sc and iv inoculation. These cell lines were the only ones that replicated
      rapidly in the absence of growth factors. Unlike myc transfectants, CCL39
      fibroblasts that were transformed with an activated Harvey ras oncogene or that
      were infected with polyomavirus were both metastatic and autonomous. Taken
      together, these observations are consistent with the notion that the metastatic
      potential of CCL39 tumor cells coincides with their ability to obviate growth
      factor requirements and thus to divide in an autonomous fashion.

PMID- 3357199
TI  - Circadian variation in the induction of intestinal tumors by N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea in male C57BL/6N mice.
AB  - Male C57BL/6N mice were administered a single ip injection of 30 mg of N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNU)/kg of body weight. Additional groups were treated similarly
      every 3 hours for the next 24 hours. Adenocarcinomas of the small intestine were
      the major treatment-related tumors, with the total incidence being 38% at 250
      days after injection. There was a significant circadian variation for tumor
      induction; the maximum number of intestinal tumors (approximately equal to 55%)
      tended to occur when the MNU was administered during the middle of the light
      period (6:00 to 18:00), while the tumor incidence was at a minimum (approximately
      equal to 10%) when the MNU was given in the middle of the dark phase (18:00 to
      6:00). These data are discussed in relation to DNA synthesis and repair and MNU
      induced cellular toxicity.

PMID- 3357200
TI  - Cancer among medical diagnostic x-ray workers in China.
AB  - Cancer incidence among 27,011 diagnostic x-ray workers was compared to that of
      25,782 other medical specialists employed between 1950 and 1980 in China. X-ray
      workers had a 50% higher risk of developing cancer than the other specialists
      [relative risk (RR) = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.3-1.7]. Leukemia was strongly linked to
      radiation work (RR = 3.5, n = 30). Cancers of the breast (RR = 1.4, n = 11),
      thyroid (RR = 2.1, n = 7), and skin (RR = 1.5, n = 6) were increased among x-ray
      workers employed for 10 or more years. High risks of cancers of the esophagus (RR
      = 3.5, n = 15) and liver (RR = 2.4, n = 48) were not consistent with a radiation
      effect since risk did not vary by duration of employment. This finding suggested
      that some differences might exist between groups of hospital workers in social
      class, alcohol intake, dietary habits, and other risk factors. No excess lung
      cancer (RR = 0.9, n = 22) or multiple myeloma (n = 0) was observed. Significant
      excesses of leukemia and cancers of the breast and thyroid occurred among x-ray
      workers first employed prior to 1960 when radiation exposures in China were high.
      In fact, it was not uncommon for employees to be given time off from x-ray work
      because their wbc count was severely depressed. These data indicated that
      repeated exposure to x-rays over many years can increase the risk of leukemia and
      several other tumors but apparently not that of lung cancer.

PMID- 3357202
TI  - Formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer: re-examination of the National
      Cancer Institute Study and an update of one plant.

PMID- 3357201
TI  - Doxorubicin and the alkylating anthracycline 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4
      morpholinyl) doxorubicin: comparative in vitro potency against leukemia and bone
      marrow cells.
AB  - The new anthracycline analogue 3'-deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl) doxorubicin
      (MRA-CN) is an intensely potent compound that has been shown to be 100-1,000
      times more potent than doxorubicin (DOX) in vivo and in vitro. In addition, MRA
      CN has been non-cross-resistant with DOX in DOX-selected models of multidrug
      resistance. We now report the effect of MRA-CN (and DOX) on leukemia cell lines
      established from patients with common, T-cell, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic
      leukemia, as well as with monoblastic leukemia. The effect of MRA-CN on the
      leukemia cells was compared to its toxicity on normal myeloid progenitors
      (therapeutic ratio) and to the effect of DOX on the leukemia and normal cells.
      MRA-CN was found to be 100 times more potent than DOX against normal myeloid
      progenitors--colony-forming units, granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)--and 40-240
      times more potent than DOX against leukemia cell lines. In addition, the
      therapeutic ratio was uniformly greater than 1, indicating that each leukemia
      cell line tested was more sensitive than CFU-GM to MRA-CN in vitro. There was a
      lack of correlation between MRA-CN and DOX at a drug concentration at which the
      colony formation is inhibited by 50% in the leukemia cell lines (correlation
      coefficient = 0.38), which supported the previous reports of non-cross-resistance
      between these two agents. The favorable therapeutic ratio, the non-cross
      resistance with DOX, and the previously described lack of cardiac toxicity all
      make MRA-CN an attractive candidate for clinical trials in patients with acute
      leukemia.

PMID- 3357203
TI  - Diuretics and renal cell cancer.

PMID- 3357204
TI  - Influenza virus infection of tracheal gland cells in culture.
AB  - Influenza virus-induced tracheobronchitis causes limited epithelial deciliation
      but markedly decreased mucociliary transport. This suggests that virus-induced
      alterations in airway mucus play a role in decreased mucociliary transport.
      Airway submucosal glands are a primary source of mucus. Therefore, we examined
      virus-gland cell interactions by exposing primary cultures of isolated feline
      tracheal gland cells to influenza A/Scotland/840/74 H3N2 virus for 1 h at a
      multiplicity of infection of 0.1. Virus production and release into the culture
      medium first occurred between 8 and 12 h postinfection and eventually reached a
      steady state that continued for at least 8 days. Virus which was produced and
      released by infected cells infected other monolayers, resulting in viral
      production similar to that after infection with stock virus. Hemadsorption assays
      conducted 24 h after infection demonstrated that most of the cells in a monolayer
      became infected. The infection was nonlytic according to cell morphology, trypan
      blue dye exclusion, and release of lactate dehydrogenase. Because lysis of a cell
      subpopulation could have been masked by subsequent cell division, we compared the
      uptake of [3H]thymidine by infected and control monolayers. There was no increase
      in uptake by infected monolayers. These results demonstrate that feline tracheal
      gland cells in primary culture undergo productive and nonlytic infection with
      influenza A virus. This model provides a unique system for the study of virus
      gland interactions isolated from the influence of other tissues.

PMID- 3357205
TI  - Relative concentrations of serum neutralizing antibody to VP3 and VP7 proteins in
      adults infected with a human rotavirus.
AB  - Two outer capsid rotavirus proteins, VP3 and VP7, have been found to elicit
      neutralizing-antibody production, but the immunogenicity of these proteins during
      human rotavirus infection has not been determined. The relative amounts of serum
      neutralizing antibody against the VP3 and VP7 proteins of the CJN strain of human
      rotavirus were, therefore, determined in adult subjects before and after
      infection with this virus. Reassortant strains of rotavirus that contained the
      CJN gene segment for only one of these two neutralization proteins were isolated
      and used for this study. The geometric mean titer of serum neutralizing antibody
      to a reassortant virus (CJN-M) that contained VP7 of CJN and VP3 of another human
      rotavirus was 12.7 times less than that of antibody to CJN before infection and
      20.3 times less after infection. This indicated that most neutralizing antibody
      was against the VP3 rather than the VP7 protein of CJN. This result was confirmed
      with other reassortants between CJN and animal rotavirus strains (EDIM and rhesus
      rotavirus). These findings suggest that VP3 is the primary immunogen that
      stimulates neutralizing antibody during at least some rotavirus infections of
      humans.

PMID- 3357206
TI  - Mice immunized with measles virus develop antibodies to a cell surface receptor
      for binding virus.
AB  - Mice were immunized with measles virus to determine whether an auto-anti
      idiotypic antireceptor response could be generated as a probe for measles virus
      receptors. Mice initially responded to viral antigens (days 11 to 18) and
      subsequently developed antibodies to a putative measles virus receptor (peak at
      day 30 to 35) by three criteria: the sera (1) agglutinated erythrocytes which
      virus agglutinates, (2) reacted with Vero cells, and (3) inhibited virus
      attachment to Vero cells. Additionally, select sera inhibited virus infection of
      Vero cells. The cell-reactive activity was identified as immunoglobulin G
      antibody and was neutralized by sera reacting with virus (idiotype). The
      application of this anti-idiotypic antibody to identify measles virus-binding
      sites on Vero cells was revealed by the ability of sera to immunoprecipitate 20-
      and 30.5-kilodalton proteins from metabolically labeled ([35S]methionine) Vero
      cells.

PMID- 3357208
TI  - Evidence that developmentally regulated control of gene expression by a
      parvoviral allotropic determinant is particle mediated.
AB  - An infectious molecular clone of the immunosuppressive strain of the autonomous
      parvovirus minute virus of mice [MVM(i)] was constructed deriving left-hand
      terminal sequences from a rare encapsidated plus strand. Progeny virus was shown
      to package the same proportions of plus and minus strands as did authentic MVM(i)
      virions. Rescue of virus from this clone also resulted in the repair of a 21-base
      truncation at the junction between the right-hand end of the viral insert and the
      vector and generated the same heterogeneous 5' end as is present in standard
      MVM(i) DNA. Progeny virus rescued by transfection of this clone into mouse cell
      lines displayed the lymphotropic phenotype characteristic of the parental MVM(i)
      virus from which it was derived. However, analysis of viral RNA from transfected
      mouse fibroblasts revealed that the MVM(i) and MVM(p) genomic clones are
      transcribed at the same low level. Furthermore, transfected fibroblasts yielded
      similar numbers of infectious centers regardless of which MVM clone was
      introduced. These results contrast markedly with the different infectivities of
      MVM(i) and MVM(p) particles and with the observation that viral transcription in
      fibroblasts productively infected with MVM(p) virions is 100-fold greater than
      that seen in the restrictive MVM(i) particle-mediated infection. These results
      suggest that the developmentally regulated intracellular factors controlling host
      cell susceptibility at the level of viral transcription interact with a component
      of the incoming viral capsid, rather than with a sequence within the viral DNA.

PMID- 3357207
TI  - Mutations in the phosphorylation sites of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen alter
      its origin DNA-binding specificity for sites I or II and affect SV40 DNA
      replication activity.
AB  - A series of mutants of simian virus 40 was constructed by oligonucleotide
      directed mutagenesis to study the role of phosphorylation in the functions of
      large T antigen. Each of the previously mapped phosphorylated serine and
      threonine residues in large T antigen was replaced by an alanine or cysteine
      residue or, in one case, by glutamic acid. Mutant DNAs were assayed for plaque
      forming activity, viral DNA replication, expression of T antigen, and
      morphological transformation of rat cells. Viable mutants were isolated,
      suggesting that modification of some residues is not essential for the biological
      functions of T antigen. Two of these mutants replicated more efficiently than did
      the wild type. Seven mutants were partially or completely deficient in viral DNA
      replication but retained cell transformation activity comparable with that of the
      wild-type protein. Biochemical analysis of the mutant T antigens demonstrated
      novel origin DNA-binding properties of several mutant proteins. The results are
      consistent with the idea that differential phosphorylation defines several
      functional subclasses of T-antigen molecules.

PMID- 3357209
TI  - Identification of the gene coding for the precursor of adenovirus core protein X.
AB  - Nucleoprotein complexes extracted from infected cells (J. Weber and L. Philipson,
      Virology 136:321-327, 1984) or ts1 virions grown at 39 degrees C (J. M. Weber, G.
      Khitto, and A. R. Bhatti, Can. J. Microbiol. 29:235-241, 1983) contain, in
      addition to known virion proteins, a polypeptide with a molecular weight of
      11,000 (11K polypeptide). We identified the gene for this polypeptide by sequence
      analysis of the radioactively labeled 11K polypeptide isolated from ts1 virions
      and comparison of this sequence with the nucleotide sequence of the adenovirus
      type 2 genome. The 11K polypeptide was encoded by an open reading frame of 80
      residues located between nucleotides 17,676 and 17,915 in late transcription
      region 2 of adenovirus type 2; the initiating methionine residue was removed
      leaving a 79-residue product. The late transcription region 2 that encoded the 79
      residue polypeptide (11K) was arginine rich (21%) and had a predicted molecular
      weight of 8,715. It was cleaved by the viral endoprotease to give two products
      which comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels as virion
      polypeptide X. Our data suggest that additional cleavage of the carboxy-terminal
      48-residue fragment generates a 19-amino-acid fragment with the amino acid
      composition of mu (K. Hosokawa and M. T. Sung, J. Virol. 17:924-934, 1976).

PMID- 3357211
TI  - Standardized and simplified nomenclature for proteins common to all retroviruses.
AB  - We propose a revised standardized nomenclature for the proteins common to all
      retroviruses on the basis of biological function, enzymatic activity, and/or
      virion location data. (We do not discuss proteins specific for subfamilies or
      only some retroviruses.)

PMID- 3357210
TI  - The cytoplasmic domain of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein C is required
      for membrane anchoring.
AB  - The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein C (gC) gene was altered so
      that it encoded a truncated glycoprotein lacking a cytoplasmic domain but
      retaining 20 of 23 amino acids of the transmembrane domain. No additional amino
      acid residues were introduced into the glycoprotein encoded by the altered gene.
      The gene was recombined into the HSV-1 genome by marker transfer. Two recombinant
      viruses, dl1 and dl2, that expressed the mutant gene were isolated.
      Characterization of these viruses showed that a substantial fraction of the
      mutant glycoprotein was secreted from infected cells. Pulse-chase experiments
      showed that the kinetics of posttranslational modification of the mutant
      glycoprotein were similar to those of the wild type. However, comparison of the
      kinetics of secretion of gC by dl2 and gC-3, a gC mutant lacking both the
      transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, showed that dl2 gC was secreted much more
      slowly than gC-3 gC. Iodination of plasma membrane glycoproteins showed that dl2
      gC was initially expressed on the cell surface as a membrane protein and
      subsequently was slowly released from the membrane into the medium. These data
      indicate that a major function of the cytoplasmic domain of gC is to ensure the
      stable anchoring of the glycoprotein in plasma membranes. In contrast to these
      major changes in the membrane-anchoring properties of gC, characterization of the
      virions produced by dl1 and dl2 showed that they contain significant amounts of
      gC. Thus the cytoplasmic domain does not appear to be essential for incorporation
      of this glycoprotein into virions.

PMID- 3357212
TI  - Minus-strand RNA synthesis in the spinal cords of mice persistently infected with
      Theiler's virus.
AB  - Theiler's virus, a murine picornavirus, causes a chronic neurological disease
      characterized by primary demyelination in SJL/J mice. The lesions are very
      reminiscent of those of multiple sclerosis. Theiler's virus persists in
      oligodendrocytes and to a lesser extent in astrocytes and macrophages throughout
      the disease. Viral RNA and capsid protein syntheses are minimal in these cells.
      This restriction could play a central role in the mechanism of virus persistence.
      By quantitating plus- and minus-strand RNAs in infected central nervous system
      cells, we showed that RNA replication was blocked at the level of minus-strand
      RNA synthesis.

PMID- 3357213
TI  - In vitro synthesis of infectious retroviral RNA.
AB  - A plasmid was constructed in which a T7 RNA polymerase promoter was placed
      upstream of a recombinant amphotropic retrovirus genome containing a selectable
      neomycin resistance gene. To test the infectivity of the RNA produced by T7 RNA
      polymerase in vitro, the RNA was microinjected into the nuclei of psi 2 packaging
      cells. Infectious particles conferring G418 resistance were released.

PMID- 3357214
TI  - Nation will receive AIDS brochure in 'largest government mailing ever'.

PMID- 3357216
TI  - Prevention starts in kindergarten in New York City.

PMID- 3357215
TI  - Unearthly medicine demands special devices.

PMID- 3357217
TI  - A modest institution with grand designs.

PMID- 3357218
TI  - The Ritalin controversy: what's made this drug's opponents hyperactive?

PMID- 3357219
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Influenza--United States update on activity.

PMID- 3357220
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. High prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among Alaskan
      Native children.

PMID- 3357221
TI  - Life is short, the art long, opportunity fleeting, experience treacherous,
      judgment difficult.

PMID- 3357222
TI  - A simple method for selecting the dose of warfarin.

PMID- 3357223
TI  - The golden age of CME is yet to come.

PMID- 3357225
TI  - National policy on AIDS.

PMID- 3357224
TI  - Care for the hopelessly ill.

PMID- 3357226
TI  - Reactive arthritis and Strongyloides.

PMID- 3357227
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of depression in a 102-year-old woman.

PMID- 3357228
TI  - Cardiovascular and renal effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment.
AB  - To study whether restoration of a normal circulatory system could be achieved
      with antihypertensive treatment, 13 hypertensive men with structural
      cardiovascular changes and 37 normotensive control subjects were investigated by
      echocardiography, apexcardiography, plethysmography, inulin and p-amino-hippurate
      clearance, and determination of 24-hour urinary excretion of albumin, first at
      age 49 years and again seven years later. All men were untreated at the first
      investigation. Immediately thereafter, therapy with the cardioselective beta
      adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol tartrate was initiated in the hypertensive men.
      Seven years of antihypertensive treatment resulted in (1) normalization of
      central and peripheral hemodynamic variables, (2) reversal of left ventricular
      hypertrophy in proportion to achieved blood pressure control, (3) normalization
      of systolic wall stress and a well-preserved systolic left ventricular function,
      (4) normalization of diastolic left ventricular function, and (5) normalization
      of increased microalbuminuria and a decrease in renal vascular resistance, with
      no change in glomerular filtration rate compared with control subjects. In
      conclusion, the findings strongly indicate that regression of cardiovascular
      structural changes can be achieved with long-term antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 3357229
TI  - Failure of gloves and other protective devices to prevent transmission of
      hepatitis B virus to oral surgeons.
AB  - A survey of 434 oral surgeons was conducted to examine risk factors for hepatitis
      B virus (HBV) infection. Overall, 112 (26%) of the participants demonstrated
      serologic evidence of past or current infection with HBV. Seropositivity was
      significantly associated with age, number of years in practice, and year of
      graduation from dental school but not with other variables examined, such as the
      number of patients seen annually or the number of patients seen who were at high
      risk of HBV infection. The strong correlation between years in practice and
      seropositivity was unaffected by reported use of gloves, face masks, or eye
      shields. The use of gloves and other protective devices does not appear to offer
      substantial protection against HBV exposure in oral surgeons, and all oral
      surgeons should receive HBV vaccine.

PMID- 3357230
TI  - Dietary sodium restriction as adjunctive treatment of hypertension.
AB  - To examine the effect of modest dietary sodium ion restriction in treated
      hypertensive individuals, we studied 114 hypertensive patients undergoing
      individualized dietary counseling with a research dietitian to achieve reduction
      in dietary sodium ion intake. A significant reduction in mean sodium ion intake
      was achieved after the first of three lessons and was maintained for 30 weeks
      with no change in potassium ion intake. Significant falls in blood pressure and
      body weight were observed with no significant correlations noted between the two
      variables, implying independence of these effects. Individuals compliant with the
      dietary sodium ion restriction goal (urinary excretion, less than or equal to 80
      mmol/d [less than or equal to 80 mEq/24 h]) were more likely to have a reduction
      in number of medications than those not reaching that goal. Ninety-eight of the
      114 patients completed the entire 30 weeks. Patients who dropped out tended to
      have lower diastolic blood pressures and required fewer medications for blood
      pressure control than those who completed the 30 weeks. For these reasons,
      patients in the former group may have been less highly motivated to complete the
      study. These observations suggest that modest dietary sodium ion restriction is
      feasible in treated hypertensive patients and that adherence to such a regimen
      may permit blood pressure control with fewer medications.

PMID- 3357231
TI  - Guidelines for quality assurance. Council on Medical Service.

PMID- 3357232
TI  - Small intestinal myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Extramedullary hematopoiesis is rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract. A
      patient with postpolycythemic myeloid metaplasia who previously underwent
      splenectomy presented with recurrent, protracted gastrointestinal tract
      hemorrhage. Elaborate workup failed to reveal the source of bleeding.
      Intraoperative endoscopy with transillumination disclosed multiple submucosal
      lesions along the entire small bowel, which proved to be extramedullary
      hematopoiesis. After institution of hydroxyurea therapy, the rate of bleeding
      diminished considerably.

PMID- 3357233
TI  - Paternalism, family duties, and my Aunt Maude.

PMID- 3357234
TI  - A piece of my mind. Primary care.

PMID- 3357235
TI  - Anesthesia sends shivers up one's spine, but hypothermia per se may not be
      culprit.

PMID- 3357236
TI  - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: physicians helping parents pay more
      heed.

PMID- 3357237
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Cluster of suicides and suicide attempts--New Jersey.

PMID- 3357238
TI  - Rabies vaccination.

PMID- 3357239
TI  - The AMA, chiropractic, and Judge Getzendanner's injunction.

PMID- 3357241
TI  - Graduate medical education confronted.

PMID- 3357240
TI  - Priapus in trouble: so what's new? (for the articulate, thelerethism)

PMID- 3357242
TI  - Oral contraceptives and cervical cancer.

PMID- 3357243
TI  - Are we training too many subspecialists?

PMID- 3357244
TI  - Fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with Lyme disease.
AB  - A dry cough, fever, generalized maculopapular rash, and myositis developed in a
      67-year-old woman; she also had markedly abnormal liver function test results.
      Serologic tests proved that she had an infection of recent onset with Borrelia
      burgdorferi, the agent that causes Lyme disease. During a two-month course of
      illness, her condition remained refractory to treatment with antibiotics,
      salicylates, and steroids. Ultimately, fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome
      developed; this was believed to be secondary to Lyme disease.

PMID- 3357245
TI  - Walk with your doc.

PMID- 3357246
TI  - A piece of my mind. A physician's dilemma.

PMID- 3357247
TI  - [61st meeting of the Japanese Society for Bacteriology. 5-7 April 1988, Okayama.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3357248
TI  - [Histopathological changes in the brain after radiotherapy of brain metastasis].
AB  - This is the histopathological analysis of 18 post-irradiated brains with
      metastases of breast cancers. There was no evidence of radiation necrosis, except
      for one with demyelinization and one with degeneration of nerve cells. There was
      no radiation damage in re-irradiated group. Whole brain irradiation of about 40
      Gy may be safe, but that of 60 Gy or more may be not so safe. It may be more
      useful for preventing of radiation damage to take split-course-method or
      shrinking-technique at doses of 40 Gy or more. The combination of chemotherapy
      and radiation therapy seems to aggravate the course of radiation damage.

PMID- 3357249
TI  - [The usefulness of intracavitary brachytherapy in esophageal cancer].
AB  - Two different irradiation methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer have
      been compared and analyzed. One group of 146 patients were treated by external
      irradiation alone at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, while another group,
      consisting of 76 patients, were treated by external irradiation combined with
      booster intracavitary brachytherapy utilizing Radium-226 tubes at the National
      Sapporo Hospital. The patients that were treated by the addition of booster
      intracavitary brachytherapy showed a better response than the patients treated by
      external irradiation alone, with respect to the local control rate and survival.
      Booster intracavitary brachytherapy was found to be a more effective method for
      patients with esophageal smaller lesions and/or patients manifesting the serrated
      spiral, or funnel type lesions in their X-rays.

PMID- 3357250
TI  - [Mass screening for early lung cancer by the Miyagi method].
AB  - Mass screening for early detection of lung cancer has been in practice from 1982.
      Up to 1985, 583,549 persons-years have been screened. Screening was done by
      examining miniature X-rays taken of the chest for all those tested, and by sputum
      cytology for those thought to be high-risk, 34,044 persons-years. Heavy smokers
      over 50 years of age comprised much of the high-risk cases and persons evidencing
      hemoptysis. In a total of 207 detected cases of lung cancer, 120 cases were found
      by chest X-ray only, 69 cases were uncovered by sputum cytology only, and 18
      cases were discovered by both X-ray and cytology. In one hundred and forty-four
      cases the cancers were resected and in 69 cases the cancers were determined to be
      in an early stage.

PMID- 3357251
TI  - [Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastasis in cases of gastric cancer by
      local injection of anticancer drugs--preliminary report].
AB  - For the purpose of producing an anticancer effect on the micrometastasis of the
      lymph nodes and free cancer cells in the lymphatic ducts in a gastric cancer,
      activated charcoal was endoscopically injected into the gastric wall
      preoperatively in 49 cases to adsorb anticancer drugs. The correlation between
      the histological degree of black staining of the dissected lymph nodes and the
      clinicopathological factors was studied. Among 2,426 dissected lymph nodes, the
      degree of black staining was found to amount to 49.9%. Among 201 metastatic lymph
      nodes, the degree of black staining was 24.9%. Thus, the possibility of an
      anticancer effect was realized in 25% of the metastatic lymph nodes. From a study
      of the clinicopathological findings, the degree of black staining was low in
      cases of advanced cancer. In a histological study, the degree of black staining
      was found to be higher in the undifferentiated types than in the differentiated
      types, suggesting that there is a difference in the function of the lymph
      reticulo-endothelial system according to the histological type.

PMID- 3357252
TI  - [An immunoradiometric assay of serum SCC antigen using a monoclonal antibody--a
      comparison with the conventional double antibody method].
AB  - The serum level of the squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-Ag) has been
      measured by a new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) method that has been recently
      developed by using a monoclonal antibody, and compared with the results obtained
      by the conventional double-antibody method using a polyclonal antibody. Both
      methods gave essentially the same results, that the serum SCC-Ag level was high
      in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of various organs when compared with
      other types of lung cancer or benign diseases. However, the percentages of the
      serum SCC-Ag level over the normal range were found to be higher by the new IRMA
      method than by the conventional method. This may be due to the improvement in
      sensitivity and accuracy of this newer method of assay, which also results in a
      considerable decrease in the normal range estimated in healthy subjects.
      Therefore, it has been concluded that this new method is more suitable than the
      conventional method for an early diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma in all
      organs.

PMID- 3357253
TI  - [A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the lymph nodes].
AB  - A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the lymph nodes is reported. Two finger-tip
      sized masses were recognized in the left postauricular region in a 4-month-old
      female. Both masses had distended peripheral sinuses occupied by proliferating
      cells with nuclear indentation. These foci were accompanied with a central
      necrosis and eosinophils that had infiltrated into the dermis, and were observed
      also in the efferent lymph duct. Immunohistochemically these cells were positive
      for S 100 beta, OKT 4, and OKT 6, and were weakly positive for S 100 alpha. These
      findings suggest that proliferating cells in the T-zone histiocyte lineage might
      have been somewhat different in this case from usual cases of eosinophilic
      granuloma.

PMID- 3357254
TI  - [A case of non-jaundice ampullary carcinoma with prominent lymphatic
      infiltration].
AB  - A case of a non-jaundiced ampullary carcinoma with a unique tumor spread is
      reported. A 3.2 X 1.0 cm-sized tumor at the ampulla of Vater was resected in a 64
      year-old female. The primary focus of the well differentiated adenocarcinoma was
      confined to the intraampullary common channel, but the most of the tumor
      consisted of lymphatic permeation. A wide spread lymphogenous metastases had been
      noticed at operation, and the patient died nine months thereafter from metastases
      of the brain. The mechanism which prevented jaundice from developing in this case
      might be due to the unique way in which this tumor spread, without obstruction
      via the lymphatic space and only stenosing the bile duct.

PMID- 3357255
TI  - [Continuous intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for inoperable retroperitoneal
      liposarcoma--a case report].
AB  - A case of an inoperable recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma, histologically
      diagnosed as being a mixed myxoid type and a round cell type, which was treated
      by continuous intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, is reported. The authors
      applied this treatment method using adriamycin and 5-FU via the feeding arteries,
      i.e., the superior and the inferior mesenteric arteries. The tumor showed
      remarkable regression with no severe complications, even though general
      chemotherapy using adriamycin proved to be ineffective. This infusion method was
      thus evaluated as highly effective.

PMID- 3357256
TI  - [Investigation of marking procedure for markers in deep-seated organs by proton
      beam therapy].
AB  - To obtain, an accurate outline of a tumor lesion in deep-seated organs with X-ray
      images in proton therapy, an implantation procedure of markers to determine the
      margins of the lesion has been developed. Nonradioactive Au grains were used as
      the markers and produced sufficiently clear images. The procedure consists of
      implanting the markers with a specially designed injector for endoscopic,
      palpative and intraoperative approaches to the lesions, which was performed
      without any adverse effects. Due to application of this procedure, the accuracy
      of treatment planning and pinpointing the site of the treatment field has
      improved greatly.

PMID- 3357257
TI  - [Decreased tumor viability of gliomas after radiation therapy, evaluated by
      dynamic CT scan].
AB  - The tumor viability of 28 gliomas after radiation therapy has been investigated
      by dynamic CT scan that estimated 4 parameters (Area, Peak, Time of Peak, and,
      Height of Plateau) from a time-density curve. Glioblastoma showed higher values
      of Area and Peak, whereas astrocytomas showed lower values when compared to those
      found in normal gray matter. After radiation therapy, the Area and Peak decreased
      and the Time to Peak was prolonged, suggesting a decrease in blood volume and
      blood flow in the tumor tissue. The increased Height of Plateau showed an
      increased permeability of the tumor-vessels. These results suggest that a dynamic
      CT scan provides a useful indicator of the change in tumor-viability after
      radiation therapy.

PMID- 3357258
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer of a benign appearance].
AB  - From April, 1982 to March, 1987, we have performed 36,566 gastrofiberscopic
      examinations and have detected 793 gastric cancers among 7,618 biopsies. Of these
      55 cancerous lesion (6.9%) diagnosed as benign at the time of endoscopic
      examinations were analyzed and the following results were noted. 1. Most such
      lesions were small in size and superficial in nature. 2. The gross appearances of
      the cancers were mainly IIc, IIc + III or IIa. 3. The lesions were most
      frequently located on the gastric angulus or the side with a lesser curvature. 4.
      Histologically, well differentiated adenocarcinomas were relatively frequent. 5.
      False-negative cases determined by endoscopic examination were not infrequent in
      cases of lesions involving an ulcer, or showed redness, erosion or a polyp.

PMID- 3357259
TI  - [Occurrence of a heterochronous cancer in the remnant stomach following partial
      gastrectomy in gastric cancer].
AB  - Thirty-six cases of a heterochronous cancer in the remnant stomach following a
      partial gastrectomy for gastric cancer have been compared with 12 cases of
      gastric cancer following a gastrectomy for benign diseases. Lesions of a
      heterochronous cancer are characteristically similar to those of a synchronous
      multiple gastric cancer. Patients with a heterochronous cancer were found to have
      high rates of synchronous multiple cancers in the resected stomach as compared
      with none found in gastric cancer patients following surgical operation for a
      benign disease. Lesions of cancer after surgery for a benign disease when found
      were mostly in the anastomosis of the remnant stomach. These findings suggest
      that a heterochronous gastric cancer may develop into lesions of multiple
      cancers.

PMID- 3357260
TI  - [A case of dermatomyositis associated with breast cancer].
AB  - Presented is a case of a 48-year-old woman with dermatomyositis associated with
      breast cancer. A standard radical mastectomy against the breast cancer was
      performed in addition to the administration of adriamycin, 5-Fu, and tamoxifen as
      adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy. The symptoms of dermatomyositis were not that
      severe, so no steroid therapy was given. The patient now is ambulatory and has
      been discharged, and no symptoms of recurrence or exacerbations of
      dermatomyositis has occurred.

PMID- 3357261
TI  - [A metachronous and synchronous multiple colonic cancer appearing 15 years and 3
      months after resection of a synchronous multiple colonic cancer].
AB  - A case of multiple colonic cancer appearing 15 years and 3 months after the
      resection of a synchronous multiple colonic cancer is reported. A 65-year-old man
      complained of abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, and diarrhea. A barium enema
      revealed a so-called "apple core lesion" and a filling defect, and he was
      diagnosed as having a multiple colonic cancer. A subtotal colectomy was performed
      and he has been free of any sign of recurrence since this operation. In this
      case, the interval between the first and the second cancer is longer than most
      reported cases. Thus, as a precaution, a longer follow-up is recommended for
      patients with a synchronous multiple colonic cancer.

PMID- 3357262
TI  - [An autopsied case of pulmonary carcinoma with perforation peritonitis due to
      metastatic tumor necrosis at the jejunum caused by chemotherapy].
AB  - A 76-year-old man with lung carcinoma, who was undergoing both radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy (CDDP + ADR) suddenly died with the onset of abdominal symptoms.
      Autopsy disclosed that the main cause of death was suppurative panperitonitis,
      caused by a perforation of a metastatic lesion at the jejunum. A histological
      examination revealed extensive tumor necrosis in the metastatic liver lesions as
      well as in the jejunal lesions. Neither inflammatory nor circulatory damage was
      observed in the perforated lesion. Therefore, the cause of this perforation was
      considered to be chemotherapy that had brought on tumor necrosis. No similar
      reports of lung cancer deaths have been found in the literature in which the
      microscopic details were described. Accordingly, this case is reported for future
      reference with regard to cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3357264
TI  - Proceedings: 61st general meeting, Japanese Pharmacological Society, 23-26 March
      1988, Fukuoka, Japan. Abstracts.

PMID- 3357263
TI  - [74th meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. 24-26 March 1988,
      Sendai. Abstracts].

PMID- 3357265
TI  - [The association of cholelithiasis and valvular heart disease].

PMID- 3357267
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of a porcine xenograft bioprosthesis in mitral position].

PMID- 3357266
TI  - [Recurrence of thymoma in stage I--report of 4 cases].

PMID- 3357268
TI  - [Evaluation of safety of the ultrasonic surgical aspirator in coronary artery
      surgery].

PMID- 3357269
TI  - [A unique method of evaluating valvular competency in a beating heart after
      mitral valve repair].

PMID- 3357270
TI  - [Anterior mediastinal tracheostomy for tracheal carcinoma--report of a case].

PMID- 3357271
TI  - [A case of Rastelli's operation for ventricular septal defect and pulmonary
      stenosis with anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries].

PMID- 3357272
TI  - [A case report on cardiac fibroma].

PMID- 3357273
TI  - [A case of organizing pneumonia simulating lung cancer].

PMID- 3357274
TI  - [Late infection of a thromboexcluded aneurysm--a rare complication of the
      thromboexclusion method for a dissecting aneurysm].

PMID- 3357275
TI  - [A case of left atrial massive ball thrombus growing in a short period].

PMID- 3357277
TI  - [Fundamentals of medical statistics. 1. Efficacy determination and test methods].

PMID- 3357276
TI  - [A case of surgical treatment of angina pectoris with hypothyroidism].

PMID- 3357278
TI  - An American perception of Soviet health care.

PMID- 3357279
TI  - The cobblestones of Scotland: enjoying Edinburgh in a wheelchair.

PMID- 3357280
TI  - Haiti: an international nursing experience.

PMID- 3357281
TI  - Nursing in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 3357282
TI  - A collaborative effort to implement differentiated case management delivery
      system: a new direction for the future of nursing.

PMID- 3357283
TI  - Safety belt promotion: nurses take the lead in prevention focus.

PMID- 3357285
TI  - Differentiated nursing care management patient care delivery system.

PMID- 3357284
TI  - The future is coming.

PMID- 3357286
TI  - National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project.

PMID- 3357287
TI  - Attorney General's opinion on ARNP's writing prescriptions based on standing
      orders and protocols continues to haunt Kansas ARNP's.

PMID- 3357288
TI  - Change.

PMID- 3357289
TI  - Nurse care management NAMFE: a three year perspective.

PMID- 3357290
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and antidiuretic hormone secretion
      during plasmapheresis in patients with high arterial hypertension refractory to
      drug therapy].
AB  - Plasmapheresis (PP) was used in 28 patients with medication-resistant high
      arterial hypertension (AH). PP-induced changes in plasma renin activity and blood
      aldosterone, angiotensin II and antidiuretic hormone levels of patients with high
      AH are shown to be a compensatory-adaptive response, maintaining homeostasis. PP
      sessions (27 ml/kg body weight at a rate of 0.22 ml/kg/min, at the maximum) do
      not produce renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activation. Long-term hypotensive
      effect of PP in cases of high AH might be related to a gradual decrease in blood
      angiotensin II and systemic aldosterone synthesis. It is suggested that the
      hypotensive effect of PP may be due to an intricate interaction of effects, with
      humoral, receptor and circulatory re-adjustments of arterial BP control being the
      most prominent among those.

PMID- 3357292
TI  - [Hypotensive effect of nifedipine in hypertension patients with different
      functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system].
AB  - Sympatho-adrenal activity (SAA) was assessed in 67 male patients with essential
      hypertension and 20 normal subjects. The patients were divided into 2 groups:
      those with increased (group 1) and normal (group 2) basal SAA. Hyperreactive and
      normally reactive patients were identified on the basis of plasma norepinephrine
      elevation in response to one-hour walking in both groups. Therapy with nifedipine
      alone for 3 weeks was ineffective in hyperreactive first-group patients. The
      efficiency of nifedipine treatment for essential hypertension may be dependent on
      baseline sympatho-adrenal activity and reactivity.

PMID- 3357291
TI  - [Effect of an acute pharmacological test and a course of treatment with
      nifedipine on cerebral hemodynamic indices and information processing efficiency
      in hypertension patients].
AB  - Acute nifedipine tests and courses of nifedipine treatment were conducted in 30
      patients with essential hypertension. The response of arterial blood pressure and
      cerebral hemodynamics to the acute test coincided with the results of a treatment
      course. The hypotensive effect, associated with nifedipine treatment, is combined
      with favorable cerebral hemodynamic changes and an increase in mental performance
      of hypertensive patients. Nifedipine treatment as an independent therapy is
      primarily indicated to patients showing spastic rheoencephalographic changes.

PMID- 3357293
TI  - [Prolactin levels and the hemodynamic effects of parlodel in patients with the
      initial stages of hypertension].

PMID- 3357294
TI  - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the baroreflex function of patients with
      neurocirculatory dystonia and the initial stages of hypertension].
AB  - Central and peripheral hemodynamic effects of reflex therapy were assessed by
      means of echocardiography and rheovasography, as was the pulse rate, arterial
      blood pressure and peripheral vascular tonicity response to the baroreflex test
      in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia, the hypertensive syndrome and
      essential hypertension, stage IB-HA by L. A. Miasnikov's classification. The
      hypotensive effect and favorable central hemodynamic changes contribute to the
      recovery of an adequate pulse and blood pressure response to the baroreflex test,
      and a greater baroreflex test-induced drop in vascular tone.

PMID- 3357295
TI  - [Renal prostaglandins of children and adolescents with nephrogenic arterial
      hypertension].
AB  - Renal prostaglandin activity was assessed in children and adolescents with two
      forms of secondary (nephrogenic) arterial hypertension: vasorenal and chronic
      pyelonephritis-associated hypertension. Children with vasorenal hypertension
      showed renal PG changes, dependent on the duration of the disease. Positive
      correlation between arterial BP and PGF2 excretion, and negative correlation
      between PGE excretion and arterial BP are suggestive of the involvement of the
      renal PG system in vasorenal hypertension. Children and adolescents with arterial
      hypertension in the presence of chronic secondary pyelonephritis demonstrated a
      tendency to low excretion of both PG fractions, while their ratio remained
      unchanged. The absence of a correlation between urinary PG excretion and arterial
      BP indicates that renal prostaglandins make no significant pathogenetic
      contribution to this type of arterial hypertension.

PMID- 3357296
TI  - [Integral assessment of cerebral hemodynamics normally, at a borderline level of
      arterial pressure and in arterial hypertension].
AB  - Cerebral circulation in relation to central hemodynamics was examined by means of
      rheoencephalography and chest rheography in 667 individuals with normal and
      elevated arterial blood pressure. Cardio-cerebral mechanisms are shown to be
      pathogenetically engaged since early stages of arterial hypertension. They are
      manifested as decreased cerebral stroke volume, smaller pulse inflow to cerebral
      arteries and increased vascular tonicity. Cerebral circulatory disorders grew
      more severe as the disease progressed.

PMID- 3357297
TI  - [Circadian rhythms of blood circulation indices in patients with arterial
      hypertension patients].
AB  - Circadian variation in circulatory parameters was examined in patients with
      essential hypertension and secondary renal arterial hypertension. Systolic and
      diastolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, stroke and minute volumes, total
      peripheral resistance (tetrapolar chest rheography) were measured 6 times daily
      at 4 hours' intervals. The demonstrated circadian hemodynamic patterns,
      corresponding to different etiologic variants of arterial hypertension may
      provide the basis for the development of additional tests to be used in
      differential diagnosis of these conditions, and more effective medication
      schedules.

PMID- 3357298
TI  - [Characteristics of the structural-functional status of erythrocyte membranes in
      3 strains of rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension].
AB  - Erythrocyte membrane 22Na and 45Ca transport, osmotic stability and antigenic
      composition were investigated in 3 strains of rats with spontaneous hereditary
      hypertension (SHR, SHR SP, MHS), as well as normotensive controls for SHR and SHR
      SP (WKY) and for MHS (MHS). All strains of spontaneously hypertensive rats showed
      increased passive membrane permeability for sodium, that was due to increased
      operation rate of the Na+, K+-cotransport system. Metabolizing sodium is
      increased in the erythrocytes of Japanese rats (SHR and SHR SP), and decreased in
      Milan rats (MHS), as compared to normotensive controls. After four hours of
      incubation with orthovanadate, erythrocyte 45Ca levels were 2-3 times as high in
      SHR and SHR SP as they were in WKY. In the presence of valinomycin, erythrocyte
      resistance to hypoosmotic hemolysis was essentially higher in SHR and SHR SP than
      it was in WKY. These differences are related to a changed rate of anion transport
      through the band 3 protein. There were no differences in this respect between MHS
      and MNS. An antigen with a molecular weight of 37-39 kD was detected in
      erythrocyte membranes of WKY and could not be detected in erythrocytes of other
      rat groups, including the MNS. It is suggested that different molecular origins
      of membrane disorders may be an immediate cause of different mechanisms of
      arterial hypertension in Japanese and Milan animals.

PMID- 3357299
TI  - [Enhanced resistance of the heart to arrhythmogenic factors as affected by
      adaptation of the body to stress exposures].
AB  - Adaptation to short-term nondamaging stress effects largely limits or prevents
      cardiac arrhythmias in acute ischemia and reperfusion. The study examines to what
      extent this anti-arrhythmic effect depends on adaptational shifts of the heart
      itself. Isolated hearts of animals adapted to stress are shown to possess
      dramatically increased resistance to arrhythmias induced by local ischemia and
      reperfusion. The role of activated prostaglandin biosynthesis, adenosine,
      antioxidant systems, desensitization and other protective control systems
      functioning at heart level to provide this anti-arrhythmic effect is discussed.

PMID- 3357300
TI  - [Characteristics of the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats under
      elevated external temperature].

PMID- 3357302
TI  - [Topical methods in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism].

PMID- 3357301
TI  - [Effect of nifedipine on left ventricular function in arterial hypertension
      studied by Doppler echocardiography].

PMID- 3357303
TI  - [Nonspecific aortoarteritis: its clinical course and elastase-like proteinase
      activity of the blood plasma].

PMID- 3357304
TI  - [Central hemodynamic indices of healthy persons with a hereditary susceptibility
      to hypertension].

PMID- 3357305
TI  - [Patient care for the long-term illnesses. Psychosocial nursing care for the
      cancer patients].

PMID- 3357306
TI  - [Survey report on nursing education, 1987].

PMID- 3357307
TI  - [Hospice overview].

PMID- 3357308
TI  - [Psychological care of hospice patients].

PMID- 3357309
TI  - [Case study of a patient with hysterotomy].

PMID- 3357310
TI  - [Secretion of cortisol and thyroxine in depression and stress].

PMID- 3357311
TI  - [A survey on the characteristics of emergency patients for the improvement of
      nursing management].

PMID- 3357312
TI  - [A study of self-esteem and professional attitudes of middle level managers].

PMID- 3357313
TI  - [Talk to me, I would feel better...].

PMID- 3357314
TI  - [Running of a nursing team and work satisfaction. A head nurse relates...].

PMID- 3357315
TI  - [Exit: a possible solution].

PMID- 3357316
TI  - [Dying with dignity: a right or an utopia?].

PMID- 3357317
TI  - [How much theoretical knowledge do students need?].

PMID- 3357318
TI  - [Education in general nursing and nursing needs of the population. New
      strategies, perspectives for tomorrow].

PMID- 3357319
TI  - [Reimbursement for home care: how is it done in French-speaking Switzerland?].

PMID- 3357320
TI  - [Reward for planned care].

PMID- 3357321
TI  - [Managers wanted!].

PMID- 3357322
TI  - [Students' rights--students' obligations].

PMID- 3357323
TI  - [Learning to live with violence].

PMID- 3357325
TI  - [Possibilities of primary prevention of cancer].

PMID- 3357324
TI  - [Nursing and psychological aspects in relations with patients with sleep
      disorders].

PMID- 3357326
TI  - [Prevention of decubitus ulcers in gynecology after oncologic surgery].

PMID- 3357327
TI  - [Death as a last task in life. Killing on demand?].

PMID- 3357328
TI  - [Codeine].

PMID- 3357329
TI  - [Human territoriality in the work place].

PMID- 3357330
TI  - [Music therapy--a common pathway].

PMID- 3357331
TI  - [Psychiatric nursing in research].

PMID- 3357332
TI  - Organ preference of metastasis. The role of organ-specifically modulated
      endothelial cells.
AB  - Many cancers display characteristic organ colonization patterns that do not fit
      simple, anatomical-mechanical trapping theories of tumor cell dissemination.
      Organ preferences of metastatic spread appear to be mediated partly by the
      selective attachment of tumor cells to organ-specific, microvascular endothelium.
      To study these tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions in an efficient and
      reproducible manner, we have designed a novel in vitro assay system wherein
      endothelial cells isolated from large vessels (e.g., aorta) can be modulated to
      assume phenotypic traits of organ-specific, microvascular endothelium. Modulation
      is achieved by growing bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) on organ-specific
      matrix components, termed tumor attachment modulators (TAMs). Using monolayers of
      modulated BAEC in a tumor attachment assay, we show here that tumor cells which
      metastasize to a given organ, have a significantly higher binding affinity for
      BAEC grown on TAMs of the preferred, metastasized organ, than they have for BAEC
      grown on TAMs of any other organ not colonized by these tumor cells. Lung
      metastatic tumor cells (R3230AC-MET, B16-F10) adhere preferentially to BAEC
      monolayers grown on lung-specific TAMs, whereas liver-metastatic tumor cells
      (RAW117-H10, M5076) selectively adhere to BAEC grown on liver-specific TAMs. In
      contrast, nonmetastatic tumors cells (R3230AC-LR, RBTCC-1, 647V) show no such
      adhesion preferences. Preferential tumor cell adherence is increased by growing
      BAEC for prolonged periods on organ-specific TAMs. Metastatic preference and
      organ distribution are mediated, at least in part, by urea-extractable
      endothelial cell surface components that are regulated by the extracellular
      matrix.

PMID- 3357333
TI  - Loss of renomedullary interstitial cells in Brattleboro rats after vasopressin
      treatment.
AB  - Previous studies have shown a disappearance of interstitial cells from the renal
      medulla of rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro) when the animals
      were treated with vasopressin in high doses. The present study was undertaken to
      elucidate the mechanisms behind this cell loss. The disappearance of interstitial
      cells from the renal medulla of Brattleboro rats was quantitatively determined by
      electron microscopic stereology after various types of treatment. A considerable
      decrease in the volume density of interstitial cells was induced by the
      administration of either 8-arginine vasopressin or 1-desamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin. This lesion of the interstitial cells was not prevented by the
      simultaneous administration of oxytocin. Even a 48-hour period of water
      deprivation also resulted in a slight decrease in the volume density of
      interstitial cells. The results indicate that the observed loss of renal
      medullary interstitial cells is not a direct effect of the hormone on the cells
      but probably secondary to the marked increase in the renal medullary solute
      (urea) concentration. The fact that animals with hardly any renomedullary
      interstitial cells concentrated their urine to a virtually normal level shows
      that these cells cannot play an important role in the concentrating mechanism.
      The interstitial cells recovered rapidly when the vasopressin treatment was
      discontinued, but it could not be determined whether this was due to local
      proliferation or to the immigration of cells from extrarenal tissue.

PMID- 3357335
TI  - Septal thickness in human lungs assessed by computerized interactive morphometry.
AB  - We have studied the feasibility of using interactive computerized morphometric
      methods for the quantitation of septal thickness in the lung with the goal of
      introducing objective criteria for the diagnosis and grading of pulmonary
      fibrosis and edema. After reviewing available methods, we have decided in favor
      of linear intercept measurements of septal profiles which are limited to the
      tissue and therefore not affected by the level of lung inflation. Our method
      consisted in generating a graphic overlay of parallel lines over a real time
      video display of lung tissue. We had the options of measuring either uniformly
      oriented (random) or orthogonal intercepts. Randomly oriented intercepts (i.e.,
      those with incidence angles ranging between 0 and 90 degrees) resulted in poor
      statistics because of excessive scattering of primary data; we resolved this
      difficulty by limiting the incident angle to the range of +/- 45 degrees from the
      normal to the septum at the point of sampling. This results in marked increase in
      consistency and reproducibility of the results with fewer measurements.
      Alternatively, we used intercepts measured over a line generated perpendicularly
      to the septal axis which approaches orthogonal thickness measurements. We found
      that both approaches yield acceptable results after as little as 50 measurements.

PMID- 3357334
TI  - A comparison of in vitro and in vivo gastric mucosal cell kinetics.
AB  - In order to determine whether organ culture of gastric mucosa preserves in vivo
      kinetic alterations, a comparison of in vivo and in vitro measurements of cell
      proliferation was made on antral mucosa from rats treated with the carcinogen
      methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine, administered orally for up to 30 weeks.
      Morphologic, morphometric and cell kinetic features in gastric mucosa were
      observed in vivo in treated and control rats. Similar in vitro measurements were
      made on mucosa from treated and control rats after a further 24-hour organ
      culture. All carcinogen-treated stomachs showed erosions, with widespread areas
      of glandular architectural irregularity which were more widespread after 30 weeks
      carcinogen treatment. Organ cultures showed good preservation of these
      morphologic features. In areas of architecturally normal mucosa, the carcinogen
      caused an increase in antral pit vertical column counts. This alteration was
      preserved after organ culture of carcinogen-treated mucosa. Cell birth rates and
      [3H]thymidine flash labeling indices were raised in architecturally normal mucosa
      from carcinogen-treated animals. These kinetic indices continued to be elevated
      after organ culture, though the in vitro values were lower than in vivo. Cell
      birth rates in architecturally abnormal mucosa from carcinogen-treated animals
      did not differ significantly from adjacent morphologically normal mucosa. Despite
      evidence of epithelial cell loss with depression of kinetic activity on organ
      culture compared with in vivo results, organ culture gives consistent results
      which reflect methyl-nitroso-nitrosoguanidine-induced changes and is of value for
      further in vitro investigations.

PMID- 3357336
TI  - Cellular composition of glomerular crescents.

PMID- 3357337
TI  - Existence of endogenous substrate proteins for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent and
      Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases in rat adrenal glomerulosa cells.
AB  - In rat adrenal glomerulosa cells, endogenous substrate proteins for
      Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (glomerulosa CaM kinase) and
      Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) were investigated.
      In a 105,000 g-supernatant fraction (cytosol), the Mr 100,000 protein was
      phosphorylated in the presence of calcium (calculated free Ca2+ concentration,
      460 microM) alone or calcium and CaM, and the phosphorylation of this protein was
      completely inhibited by the CaM antagonists pimozide (500 microM) and melittin (5
      microM) in the presence of calcium alone, respectively. These results indicate
      that the Mr 100,000 protein is a major substrate for glomerulosa CaM kinase, and
      considerable amounts of endogenous CaM might be present in the cytosol. In the
      presence of phospholipids (the micelles of 8 micrograms of phosphatidyl serine
      and 1 microgram of diacylglycerol), at least twelve proteins of Mr 127,000,
      80,000, 70,000, 36,000, 35,000, 33,000, 32,000, 30,000, 27,000, 22,000, 19,000
      and 17,000 were phosphorylated, and the phosphorylation of these proteins was
      enhanced by the addition of calcium, indicating that these proteins are
      substrates for protein kinase C. No endogenous protein phosphorylation was found
      in a 105,000 g-particulate fraction. Thus, these findings demonstrate that
      adrenal glomerulosa cells have specific substrate proteins for glomerulosa CaM
      kinase and protein kinase C, respectively.

PMID- 3357338
TI  - Oestriol binding to plasma proteins.
AB  - Simple diffusion experiments indicated that oestriol was retained by human
      pregnancy plasma more effectively than by albumin solutions of a corresponding
      concentration. Oestriol bound (Ka = 6 X 10(6) l/mol at 4 degrees C) to a
      glycoprotein which had been isolated from plasma by adsorption to Concanavalin A.
      The free energy of binding at 37 degrees C was -38 kJ/mol. Competition
      experiments indicated that the oestriol binding glycoprotein had properties
      expected of sex hormone binding globulin. The distribution of oestriol among the
      protein fractions of human pregnancy plasma--glycoprotein bound 7.8%, albumin
      bound 78.6%, unbound 13.6%--suggests that this glycoprotein plays little part in
      the transport of oestriol.

PMID- 3357339
TI  - Properties of 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase and studies on its solubilization from
      porcine testicular microsomes.
AB  - The activity of 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase was assayed in porcine testis homogenates
      and subcellular fractions, using testosterone as substrate. 'Marker' enzyme
      activities were utilized to indicate the purity of the subcellular fractions. 4
      Ene-5 alpha-reductase activity was associated with the microsomal fraction; there
      was no activity in the purified nuclear fraction. Enzyme activity was higher in
      the testes of 6 week old pigs than those of 3 and 17 week old animals, and a
      range of activity was found. The enzyme was unstable when stored at -20 degrees C
      but the addition of albumin (0.1%, w/v) or glycerol (20%, v/v) to the buffer and
      storage at -70 degrees C or in liquid nitrogen ensured that maximal activity was
      retained for at least 35 days. In addition to 5 alpha-DHT, other 5 alpha-reduced
      metabolites and 4-androstenedione were formed in this reaction; NADPH was the
      preferred cofactor, but 40% of the 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase activity was retained
      when NADH was used. Solubilization of the microsomal enzyme was achieved using
      sodium citrate (0.1 M); 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase activity was enhanced to greater
      than 120% and 60% of this activity was in the soluble fraction. The optimum pH
      and temperature for both soluble and membrane-bound 4-ene-5 alpha-reductase were
      6.9 and 32 degrees C, respectively. The mean apparent Km and Vmax were 0.6
      mumol/l and 158 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein for the microsomal enzyme and 1.42
      mumol/l and 212.0 pmol/min/mg soluble protein for the solubilized 4-ene-5 alpha
      reductase. The estimated sedimentation coefficient was 11.6.

PMID- 3357340
TI  - A simple method for the purification of murine corticosteroid binding globulin:
      characterization of a monomer.
AB  - A fast and reproducible two-step method with high resolution was developed for
      purification of murine corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG). The first step was
      liquid chromatography on a Sephacryl-S-200 column, and the CBG-containing
      residual was subsequently chromatographed by fast protein liquid chromatography
      (FPLC). This enabled us to quickly obtain a highly purified protein and the
      apparently isolated CBG was tested for its purity by sodium dodecyl sulphate
      (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and sedimentation equilibrium
      centrifugation. The CBG concentration in pregnant mouse serum was estimated to
      0.78 g/l (1.5% of the total protein). The monomeric organization of the protein
      was demonstrated by mercaptoethanol treatment. No NH2-terminal amino acid could
      be detected, probably owing to a blocked amino acid. The mol. wt (Mr) of murine
      CBG was determined to be 52,000 and the sedimentation constant S20 degrees, w to
      3.9 S by analytical ultracentrifugation. The protein showed 5 bands when
      subjected to isoelectric focusing: 3 bands with apparent isoelectric points (pI)
      between pH 3.15-3.25 and two between pH 3.40-3.50.

PMID- 3357341
TI  - Synthesis of c-2, 3, 17 and 19-oxygenated androgens.
AB  - The synthesis of C19-androgens oxygenated at carbons 2, 3, 17 and 19 and of their
      deuterium or deuterium-tritium labeled analogs is described.

PMID- 3357342
TI  - Effect of free fatty acids on the bioavailability of plasma testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone.
AB  - Free fatty acids (FFA) are known to interfere with the binding of thyroid hormone
      and estrogens to circulating proteins, but their effect on androgen binding is
      unknown. The effect of linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids at physiological
      concentrations on the binding of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
      to circulating proteins was evaluated in vitro, using equilibrium dialysis and
      ammonium sulfate precipitation techniques. The results indicate that FFA can
      inhibit T binding to albumin and SHBG. They also can inhibit DHT binding to
      albumin, whereas DHT binding to SHBG is not altered, suggesting that FFA at
      physiological concentrations may be important regulators of bioavailability of T
      to tissues.

PMID- 3357343
TI  - ANA and SNAs will tackle liability insurance issues in '88.

PMID- 3357344
TI  - Communicating with your deaf patients.

PMID- 3357345
TI  - Nurses often times decide who lives, dies.

PMID- 3357346
TI  - What is nursing?

PMID- 3357347
TI  - AIDS update.

PMID- 3357348
TI  - Effects of bone marrow fibroblastic cells and fibroblastic conditioned medium on
      HL-60 and KG-1.
AB  - The in-vitro effects of bone marrow fibroblastic cells (FC) and fibroblastic
      conditioned medium (FCM) on the proliferation and differentiation of two human
      leukemic cell lines, HL-60 and KG-1 were studied. When FC were seeded onto only
      one-half of the culture dish an increase in colony size of HL-60 and KG-1 was
      observed directly above the FC. FCM had a greater effect, resulting in
      approximately a four-fold increase in the size of HL-60 and KG-1 colonies. In
      regards to colony number, FCM from normals inhibited HL-60, but FCM from other
      sources had no effect. FCM from both normals and ANLL in CR inhibited KG-1 colony
      number in contrast to the lack of effect with FCM from ANLL at diagnosis and
      RAEB. Neither FC nor FCM had any effect on the differentiation of either cell
      line. Our results indicate that FC modulate the proliferation of both HL-60 and
      KG-1. Furthermore, in ANLL the effects of FC are dependent upon the stage of the
      disease.

PMID- 3357349
TI  - L1210 leukemia hybrids isolated after fusion of alkylating agent-resistant
      sublines.
AB  - The two resistant lines, L1210/CPA (cyclophosphamide) and L1210/MeCCNU (1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-(trans-4-methyl-cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea) were used, each of
      which is not cross-resistant to the drug to which the other line is resistant.
      Their resistance was used as markers as well as the basis for selection of the
      hybrids. For the production of hybrids five in-vivo or in-vitro schedules were
      employed. The in-vitro methods produced six successful hybrid lines, but the in
      vivo schedules produced none. Resistance to both CPA and MeCCNU was expressed
      dominantly in the hybrids. The hybrids had chromosome modes ranging from 68 to
      78. This study shows that CPA and MeCCNU can be used both as markers and as
      selective agents, and that CPA and MeCCNU resistance in L1210 leukemia are
      dominantly expressed in the hybrid.

PMID- 3357350
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a case control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
      in the Yorkshire Health Region. In all, 437 cases and 724 controls were
      interviewed. Risk factors associated with past skin conditions, family history of
      cancer and infectious mononucleosis, aspects of social life and contact with wood
      dust and epoxy glues all emerge. A comparison of high and low grade morphological
      forms of disease reveal contrasting risks and suggest separate aetiologies for
      these conditions.

PMID- 3357351
TI  - Difference of bone marrow adipocyte colony-forming capacity between aplastic
      anemia and iron deficiency anemia.
AB  - The bone marrow adipocyte colony-forming capacity (Adipo-CFC) in patients with
      aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and iron deficiency anemia
      (IDA) was studied. Before treatment, Adipo-CFC in IDA was higher than that in AA
      and MDS. After treatment, Adipo-CFC decreased in IDA, but it increased in AA and
      MDS only at the responsive stage. In this context, it is suggested that increase
      of Adipo-CFC occurs during not only regenerating hemopoiesis but also accelerated
      erythropoiesis such as severe IDA. Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) production
      by marrow stromal cells (MSC) in AA was lower than that in normal subjects. Low
      Adipo-CFC and defective CSA production by MSC may explain in part the
      pathogenesis of microenvironmental defect in AA.

PMID- 3357352
TI  - Formation and degradation of 1-(ethyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl) aziridinium chloride in
      aqueous media--a comparative NMR study.
AB  - The formation and decomposition of 1-(ethyl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl) aziridinium
      chloride in aqueous media (10 mM solutions) was studied by NMR spectroscopy.
      Compared to 1-diethyl aziridinium chloride which lacks the hydroxyl group, the
      degradation of the title compound at 37 degrees C and pH = 7.4 is about 10 times
      faster. However, liquid nitrogen frozen solutions of both aziridinium salts are
      stable for long periods of time (1-6 months).

PMID- 3357354
TI  - Data recording and playback on video tape--a multi-channel analog interface for a
      digital audio processor system.
AB  - The design of an analog interface to a digital audio signal processor (DASP)
      video cassette recorder (VCR) system is described. The complete system represents
      a low-cost alternative to both FM instrumentation tape recorders and multi
      channel chart recorders. The interface or DASP input-output unit described in
      this paper enables the recording and playback of up to 12 analog channels with a
      maximum of 12 bit resolution and a bandwidth of 2 kHz per channel. Internal
      control and timing in the recording component of the interface is performed using
      ROMs which can be reprogrammed to suit different analog-to-digital converter
      hardware. Improvement in the bandwidth specifications is possible by connecting
      channels in parallel. A parallel 16 bit data output port is provided for direct
      transfer of the digitized data to a computer.

PMID- 3357353
TI  - Role of the aziridinium moiety in the in vivo cholinotoxicity of ethylcholine
      aziridinium ion (AF64A).
AB  - To assess the role of the aziridinium moiety for the cholinotoxicity of
      ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A) we compared in vitro and in vivo effects of
      AF64A with those of various precursors as well as decomposition products of
      AF64A. In vitro, AF64A was the most effective irreversible inhibitor of high
      affinity choline transport (HAChT) in hippocampal synaptosomes. The uncyclized
      precursor acetylethylcholine mustard and the acetylated form of AF64A were about
      3 times less potent. Their potency, however, was reduced considerably when
      hydrolysis of the choline esters was prevented by physostigmine. Destruction of
      the aziridinium ring either by high pH (alcohol formation) or by thiosulfate
      (formation of Bunte salt) resulted in a loss of biological activity. This was
      also the case for the in vivo cholinotoxicity, as assessed by the decline in
      hippocampal concentration of acetylcholine (ACh) 7 days after
      intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion. The most pronounced reduction in ACh
      content was achieved after i.c.v. infusion of AF64A, whereas the precursor and
      the acetylated analog of AF64A induced a significant, but smaller reduction in
      the ACh content. These data indicate that the aziridinium ring of AF64A is
      essential for both the inhibition of HAChT in vitro and the cholinotoxicity in
      vivo. However, cyclization of the precursor compound as well as hydrolysis of
      acetylated AF64A also occur in tissue, leading to a partial activity of these
      compounds.

PMID- 3357355
TI  - Multisite hippocampal slice recording and stimulation using a 32 element
      microelectrode array.
AB  - A technique has been developed in which a planar array of 32 microelectrodes,
      arranged in a 4 by 8 pattern with 200 micron separation, is used to record from
      and stimulate the hippocampal slice preparation at multiple sites. Control of
      media flow past the tissue is critical to observe signals and preserve viability.
      Active suppression circuitry is used to prevent device saturation due to large
      stimulation artifacts. The field potentials recorded are spatially unique and
      provide a 2-dimensional description of the underlying population activity in the
      various pyramidal strata and subpopulations. Multisite stimulation is also
      possible with the array, permitting the experimenter to quickly stimulate and
      record from brain slices in many spatial patterns.

PMID- 3357356
TI  - Assessment of neuromedin B polyclonal antibodies as molecular probes in neural
      tissue.
AB  - Five unique, high affinity rabbit polyclonal antibodies against neuromedin B were
      characterized in a radioimmunoassay in terms of the following parameters: pH and
      type of buffer, ionic strength, and non-ionic detergents in order to optimize
      immunoglobulin-peptide interaction; specificity using peptides of the bombesin
      family, in addition to the tachykinin substance P; and affinity to neuromedin B.
      Optimum conditions included acidic pH (5.25), high ionic strength (greater than
      0.1 M) and absence of non-ionic detergents, which inhibited the assay. Affinities
      for the 5 antibodies ranged from 10 to 48 fmol neuromedin B with titers from
      1:1,000 to 1:10,000 and the sequence-specificity covered the entire peptide;
      cross-reactivity towards substance P was negligible. As a model tissue, rat
      spinal cord was homogenized with 5 different extraction solvents, including
      acetone, methanol, acid and alkaline conditions, and assayed by each polyclonal
      antiserum; neuromedin B immunoreactivity levels were highest in acid and alkaline
      extracts and reflected the specificity of the antibody used. Applying these
      antisera to rat brain extracts, the posterior pituitary gland contained the
      highest concentration of immunoreactive equivalents of neuromedin B followed by
      the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus, and hippocampus. The immunoreactive content
      in the pituitary and hypothalamus, however, depended on the particular antisera
      used with significant (P less than 0.01) differences existing between them.
      Further application of these polyclonal antibodies to a spinal cord extract
      analyzed by isocratic reverse-phase HPLC conditions also revealed differences in
      their cross-reactivity with the immunoreactive peptides. These antisera may now
      be used as molecular probes for the determination of extractable immunoreactive
      neuromedin B from neural tissue and in situ localization by immunohistochemical
      techniques.

PMID- 3357358
TI  - The double microscope: its use in three-dimensional reconstruction from serial
      sections.

PMID- 3357357
TI  - The postmortem Alzheimer brain is a source of structurally and functionally
      intact astrocytic messenger RNA.
AB  - Although the precise role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's
      disease (AD) is currently undefined, studies carried out at the molecular level
      may lead to new insights into the functioning of this class of brain cells in
      dementia. In order to facilitate such investigations, methods are described that
      establish that structurally and functionally intact messenger RNA (mRNA) for an
      astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), is present in the
      postmortem Alzheimer's disease brain after long postmortem intervals. Rapid
      preparative procedures were used to obtain poly(A)+ RNA from postmortem control
      and AD cortices. In vitro protein synthesis was carried out in a reticulocyte
      system. Relative to controls, AD mRNA synthesized a two-fold higher level of a
      50,000 mol.wt. protein that was immunologically identified as GFAP. High levels
      of GFAP synthesis by purified mRNA from AD cortices was independent of age at
      death and postmortem interval up to 24 h. Northern blot hybridization using a
      cloned human GFAP riboprobe was used to evaluate postmortem GFAP mRNA stability.
      No appreciable degradation products of GFAP mRNA were observed on Northern blots
      for at least 10 h postmortem in poly(A)+ RNA extracted from the AD brain. The
      described methodology demonstrates that the postmortem AD brain is an excellent
      source of functionally and structurally intact astrocyte-specific mRNA.

PMID- 3357359
TI  - Should the time limit on abortion be lowered?

PMID- 3357361
TI  - The NHS and the nursing profession.

PMID- 3357360
TI  - Recruitment and retention: vital evidence in the pay debate.

PMID- 3357362
TI  - Nursing in higher education: a role for a new forum.

PMID- 3357363
TI  - A two-chamber organ bath for electrical stimulation of isolated nerve-smooth
      muscle preparations.
AB  - The two-chamber organ bath allowed for independent or simultaneous direct and
      indirect electrical stimulation of an isolated nerve-smooth muscle preparation
      and prevented the side effects due to the propagation and interference of
      electrical fields.

PMID- 3357364
TI  - The stability of benzodiazepines in saliva.
AB  - The stability of some selected benzodiazepines in saliva has been studied. The
      benzodiazepines nitrazepam and clonazepam were found to be unstable in saliva at
      room temperature and nitrazepam was converted into 7-aminonitrazepam. The
      conversion rate of nitrazepam was strongly dependent on the composition of the
      subject's saliva. Nitro-reduction may complicate the use of saliva in
      epidemiological studies on drugs and driving. This could occur particularly if
      saliva drug concentrations are to be used as a quantitative measure of driving
      performance.

PMID- 3357365
TI  - The elimination of spermidine from plasma in rats.
AB  - Infused spermidine in rats with bypassed livers was eliminated very slowly,
      whereas endogenous spermidine in saline-infused controls with bypassed livers
      increased. In the same animals endogenous putrescine plasma levels did not differ
      significantly between spermidine- or saline-infused animals, whereas endogenous
      cadaverine levels increased during spermidine infusion and decreased afterwards.
      It is concluded that the liver is the most important site for plasma spermidine
      elimination.

PMID- 3357366
TI  - A combined in vivo/in vitro small animal model for studying pulmonary responses.
AB  - A model has been developed which allows an isolated lung to be perfused by a
      blood-PSS solution continuously processed by an intact animal. This model
      combines the advantage of control of the isolated perfused lung with a
      recirculated perfusate that is physiologically maintained. Substances that are
      generated by the isolated lung are, therefore, removed by metabolism in the
      intact animal and essential consumables in the perfusate are restored. Studies
      were performed in rabbits utilizing isolated perfused lung both with and without
      the intact animal processing the perfusate. The greatest pressor responses to
      hypoxic ventilation are obtained with a non-processed recirculated perfusate
      circuit, but the pressor responses decrease with time (12.5 +/- 1.7 cmH2O to 8.2
      +/- 1.3 cmH3O) and the baseline pressure is higher initially (18.5 +/- 0.7
      mmH2O). With the whole animal in the circuit, the baseline pressure and the
      initial hypoxic pressor responses are not as large, but are maintained constant
      (6.8 +/- 0.5 cmH2O to 8.1 +/- 1.0 cmH2O) over the same time period. When the
      isolated lungs are perfused with either blood-PSS or PSS in a non-processed, non
      recirculated system, the hypoxic responses are 8.7 +/- 1.7 cmH2O and 5.7 +/- 1.0
      cmH2O at the beginning of the study and decrease with time to 6.5 +/- 1.3 cmH2O
      and 4.2 +/- 1.0 cmH2O, respectively. The response of the isolated lung is,
      therefore, more stable with time and shows less individual variability when the
      whole animal perfusion circuit is employed.

PMID- 3357367
TI  - Variant responses impair the usefulness of passive upright tilt in drug research.
AB  - Thirty-five male normal subjects underwent gradual passive upright tilt (1 minute
      at 15 degree, 2 minutes at 45 degree and 7 minutes at 85 degree) on a total of
      256 occasions, in drug-free condition or after administration of placebo.
      Although a cardio-acceleratory and vasopressor response prevailed, seven subjects
      experienced imminent syncope on 9 occasions, after 2 to 7 minutes erect standing.
      These reactions were hypotensive in nature, and preceded by (5 instances) or
      concurrent with (3 instances) a sudden drop of the initially adequately rising
      heart rate. These reactions are likely to be of vagal origin. All reactions
      occurred suddenly and unexpectedly and improved rapidly when the subject was
      tilted back to supine position. Imminent syncopes on passive upright tilt
      appeared to be incidental phenomena occurring in subjects who uneventfully
      underwent previous or subsequent tilting, either on the same day or on another
      day. The potential severity of these reactions, their unpredictability and their
      lack of reproducibility restrict the usefulness of passive upright tilt as a test
      procedure in drug research. In the event that such reactions would appear after
      exposure to an investigational drug, it cannot be proven beyond reasonable doubt
      that the reaction is caused by the drug, is a variant response intrinsic to the
      test procedure, or a drug-related enhancement of the onset and/or severity of
      such a variant response.

PMID- 3357368
TI  - Homebirth midwives: powerful pioneers or ratbag radicals?

PMID- 3357369
TI  - ALP and Liberal/National Party Coalition announce nursing policies.

PMID- 3357370
TI  - [Microvascular perfusion of malignant tumors--a therapeutic measure for enhancing
      the hyperthermia effect?].
AB  - Hypoxic regions of malignant tumors are poorly vascularized; they appear to be
      more susceptible to hyperthermia in vivo than tumor cells in vitro after an
      exposure to heat. In an attempt to explain this discrepancy, changes of
      microcirculatory flow in the tumor have been proposed as key mechanism for
      destroying adjacent tumor cells in particular. This study was conducted to define
      the impact of the microcirculation on tumor destruction after local hyperthermia.
      A transparent chamber was implanted in the dorsal skin fold and two permanent
      indwelling catheters placed in carotid artery and jugular vein of 45 Syrian
      golden hamsters. 48 h later, 4 X 10(4) cells of the amelanotic melanoma A-Mel-3
      were implanted into the s.c. tissue covered by the chamber. 5 days later, at a
      tumor diameter of 3 mm, the microcirculation of this tumor was studied using
      intravital microscopy, a platinum multiwire electrode, television as well as
      micropuncture techniques for the determination of local PO2, microcirculatory
      blood flow and microvascular pressure. Measurements were taken at 30 degrees C
      and 15 min after reaching a tumor temperature of 35 degrees and 42.5 degrees C.
      When heating up the melanoma to 35 degrees C, an increase in capillary perfusion
      by 35% was noted. With an apparent maximum of capillary perfusion, there was no
      change in arteriolar pressure but a significant drop in venular pressure from
      11.0 +/- 1.1 to 7.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg resulting in an increase of the arteriolo
      venular pressure gradient while the systemic pressures were unchanged. At a tumor
      temperature of 42.5 degrees C, prestasis and stasis became apparent in
      capillaries and collecting venules. This was accompanied by a rise in capillary
      and venular pressure by 5 mmHg. At the same time, pronounced tissue hypoxia was
      present in the tumor with more than 50% of the values within the hypoxic range
      between 0 and 5 mmHg. Despite tissue hypoxia, the constriction of all tumor
      arterioles became evident 15-30 min after reaching a tumor temperature of 42.5
      degrees C. The deterioration of tumor oxygenation was associated with damage of
      tumor cells such as swelling and destruction of mitochondria which was seen under
      the electron microscope. After 40 min at 42.5 degrees C, the attenuation of the
      endothelial lining around the entire vascular perimeter was seen in tumor
      capillaries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3357371
TI  - [Intragastric balloon for reducing extreme obesity].

PMID- 3357372
TI  - [Manometric and electrophysiologic study procedures for the functional diagnosis
      of the internal anal sphincter].
AB  - In 49 subjects, simultaneous manometric and electrical investigations of the
      internal anal sphincter were performed. In resting state slow potentials were
      recorded in all subjects at a mean frequency of 20.6 +/- 0.6 cpm for needle
      electrodes and 16.0 +/- 0.5 cpm for surface electrodes in bipolar technique. The
      mean amplitude amounted to 380.6 +/- 28.4 microV respectively 411.6 +/- 27.8
      microV for both electrical derivations. Whereas frequency was fairly constant,
      amplitude of slow potentials changed interindividually and intraindividually.
      Anal sphincter pressure did not correlate with amplitude and frequency of slow
      potentials. Sphincter relaxation by rectal distension was associated with
      inhibition of slow potentials. Both, percentage of inhibition of slow potentials
      and of sphincter relaxation were proportional to the volume of rectal distension.
      There was also a direct correlation between volume of rectal distension, depth of
      sphincter relaxation and length of inhibition of slow potentials. When 10 ml, 25
      ml and 50 ml of air were used for rectal distension, duration of inhibition of
      slow potentials were 8.5 +/- 1.5 s, 12.5 +/- 1.6 s and 15.1 +/- 1.2 s (p less
      than 0.05) for bipolar tracings, depth of relaxation respectively 15.0 +/- 1.2
      mmHg, 26.1 +/- 2.3 mmHg and 36.6 +/- 2.2 mmHg (p less than 0.05). The association
      of inhibition of slow potentials with sphincter relaxation suggests that
      maintenance of sphincter tone is governed by slow potentials. This proves the
      diagnostic value of electromyography of the internal sphincter.

PMID- 3357373
TI  - [Results and critical analysis of the treatment of obesity with the intragastric
      balloon].
AB  - In 54 patients with excessive obesity a silicone balloon was implanted
      endoscopically into the stomach. The overweight amounted to 76% (median) by
      Broca's formula. The therapeutical plan included balloon-implantation, dietary
      treatment, psychotherapeutical guidance, kineto-therapy and balloon-extraction.
      According to their therapeutical compliance there were three different groups of
      patients: G1 - maintenance of therapy; G2 - discontinuation of therapy; G3 - no
      additional therapy at all after balloon implantation. Up to the sixth week a
      weight reduction of 9.5-20.5 kg could be demonstrated in all groups. Only in the
      first group a further weight reduction by a mean of 20 kg after 20 weeks was
      noted. Patients in group 2 and 3 - in some the balloon was still implanted - had
      a renewed weight increase sometimes surmounting the original weight.
      COMPLICATIONS: 3 gastric respectively duodenal ulcers, one subileus. The long
      term success can only be obtained by a multi-component therapy plan.

PMID- 3357374
TI  - [How have recent results concerning transfusion-induced immunosuppression and
      danger of transmission of AIDS changed indications for the transfusion of blood
      and blood components?].

PMID- 3357375
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy. I. Indications.

PMID- 3357376
TI  - Physicians in recovery.

PMID- 3357377
TI  - Substance abuse among health professionals.

PMID- 3357378
TI  - Drugs used by impaired health professionals.

PMID- 3357379
TI  - Cognitive impairment in physicians.

PMID- 3357380
TI  - Whither the impaired physician? The politics of impairment.

PMID- 3357381
TI  - Comparison of impaired physician programs nationwide.

PMID- 3357382
TI  - The impaired physician movement.

PMID- 3357383
TI  - [Perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs in chest injuries].
AB  - The paper is concerned with an analysis of data obtained during pulmonary dynamic
      perfusion scintigraphy with labeled albumin microspheres in patients with a
      closed chest trauma with lung and heart affection, and in controls. The use of a
      model of RP kinetics and quantitative indices proposed on its basis, permitted to
      reveal the main peculiarities of disturbance of the regional pulmonary blood flow
      and their interrelationships with myocardial contractility.

PMID- 3357384
TI  - [Skeletal scintigraphy in hemangioma of the bones].
AB  - The results of scintigraphic investigations of the skeleton of 76 bone hemangioma
      patients were analyzed to study the informative value of this type of
      investigation and to determine the efficacy of its use during establishing
      diagnosis and dynamic observation. The probability of detection of bone
      hemangiomas using scintigraphy of the skeleton with 99m Tc labeled osteotropic
      agents was shown to be in direct relation to the biological activity of
      hemangioma, its site and resolution of radiodiagnostic apparatus. The utilization
      of scintigraphy of the skeleton in addition to x-ray investigation permits
      clarification of the nature of lesion (benign or malignant), the biological
      activity of hemangiomas, control of the time course of a pathological process and
      efficacy of therapy of biologically active hemangiomas.

PMID- 3357385
TI  - [Radionuclide studies of the hepatobiliary and reticuloendothelial systems in
      chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3357386
TI  - [Significance of tumor size in the outcome of radiation treatment of cancer at
      various sites].
AB  - The authors have established probable importance of tumor lesion sizes in the
      outcome of radiotherapy choosing by way of example 2 cancer sites (the larynx and
      cervix uteri). If the rate (%) of probable tumor spreading within a certain stage
      is the same for both cancer sites, then the 5-year survival rate for these sites
      is similar (or the same). If a tumor within a certain stage is equal to one third
      of its probable maximum spreading, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 85%;
      if it is equal to 1/2, the 5-year survival rate is approximately 60%; over 1/2-
      approximately 40-30%. If tumor involvement is complete, therapeutic efficacy is
      doubtful. It can be assumed that the above correlations established for 2 cancer
      sites (the larynx and cervix uteri) have general significance and may be applied
      to all cancer sites.

PMID- 3357387
TI  - [Use of the Renodinamika-81 automated system of acquisition, storage and
      processing of radionuclide renography data in mass screening studies].
AB  - An automated Renodinamika-81 system was used for examination of 212 students to
      detect latent pathology of the urinary system. Renography by a common method with
      simultaneous data recording on a punched tape was performed. The software was
      based on the FORTRAN language for SM-4 computers. Changes were detected in 20.7%
      of the students. The Renodinamika-81 system was recommended for early examination
      of patients identified as a risk group during mass screening of the population.

PMID- 3357388
TI  - [Hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation in hypertension based on data from
      radionuclide studies].
AB  - The authors presented the results of a combined radionuclide study of the state
      of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension. Altogether 132
      patients were investigated. Radiocardiography, perfusion scintigraphy and a study
      of the regional pulmonary blood flow using radioactive Xe were conducted. An
      analysis of the results has shown that in some patients pulmonary hypertension
      develops even at early stages of the disease and is particularly marked in stages
      IIB-III. The mechanism of development of pulmonary hypertension depended at each
      stage on the interrelationship and time course of indices that characterized
      pulmonary circulation, and was of different nature. Hemodynamic disorder was
      manifested in blood mass redistribution from the lower lung regions to the upper
      ones, slowing down of rate parameters and a raise of pulmonary vascular
      resistance.

PMID- 3357389
TI  - [Preoperative radiotherapy under hyperbaric oxygenation of locally disseminated
      cancer of the larynx using a reduced total focal dose].
AB  - Proceeding from an analysis of immediate and short-term results of combined
      therapy of laryngeal cancer (stage III) patients, the authors compared the
      efficacy of preoperative irradiation with relation to an oxygen regimen and the
      level of total focal doses in 3 groups of patients: 23.1 Gy under HBO conditions
      (the study group), 33 Gy (the 1st control group) and 33 Gy (the 2nd control
      group) in the air. Dose fractionation was 3.3 Gy at 48 h-interval in all cases.
      It was shown that a decrease in a dose of preoperative irradiation of laryngeal
      cancer (stage III) patients from 33 to 23.1 Gy under HBO conditions made no
      changes in immediate therapeutic results but it ensured noticeable advantages:
      the reduction of a period of preoperative irradiation and an interval between its
      discontinuation and operation, and an increase in the rate of first intention
      healing as a result of a sharp decrease in local radiation reactions.

PMID- 3357390
TI  - [Survival and prognostic factors in radiation and combination therapy of bone
      metastases of breast cancer].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the survival and mean life rates of 107 patients with
      breast cancer metastases to the skeletal bones was performed. In non-randomized
      groups there was no significant correlation of long-term therapeutic results and
      the type of fractionation, a total radiation dose value, chemo- or
      hormonotherapy. Prognosis was better in patients in whom solitary metastases were
      detected 5 and more years after primary treatment. In such cases radiation
      therapy was indicated at doses sufficient for eradication or stable stabilization
      of a focus using the most sparing dose fractionation regimens.

PMID- 3357391
TI  - [Early and late results of radiation and combined modality therapy of hemangiomas
      of the spine].
AB  - The authors described the results of therapy of 74 spinal hemangioma patients.
      The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1--radiotherapy only; 2--radiotherapy
      following surgical intervention for enhanced symptoms of spinal compression.
      Gamma-beam therapy was given 5 times a week at a single dose of 0.8-1.2 Gy. A
      total dose delivered to the cervical spine was 26-32 Gy, to the thoracic spine-
      28-30 Gy, to the lumbar spine--30-34 Gy. Field sizes varied from 3 X 4 to 3 X 12
      cm depending on lesion spreading. Therapy also included traction on a special
      platform bed. An analysis of long-term therapeutic results (from 3 to 13 yrs.)
      has shown that clinical convalescence with regained working capacity in the 1st
      group (40 patients) was observed in 21 patients, in the 2nd group (34 patients)-
      in 5 patients only. Partial functional restoration was observed in both groups
      (19 patients in each group). The therapy applied was ineffective in 10 patients
      of the 2nd group.

PMID- 3357392
TI  - [Efficacy of combined radiation therapy using different variants of intracavitary
      gamma therapy in the treatment of patients with cancer of the cervix].
AB  - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of efficacy of combined
      radiation therapy of 771 cervical cancer patients: 153 of them (the 1st group)
      received standard intracavitary gamma-therapy, 206 (the 2nd group)--intracavitary
      gamma-therapy based on the principle of successive insertion of endostats and low
      activity radionuclide sources, and 412 (the 3rd group)--on the principle of
      successive insertion of high activity sources. The patients were comparable with
      respect to the main clinical symptoms and biological tumor features. The
      frequency of radiation reactions and complications turned out to be higher in the
      1st group. In the 1st group the 5-year survival rate for patients with stage I
      cervical cancer was 76.2 +/- 6.9%, for patients with stage II--65.5 +/- 5.1%, for
      patients with stage III tumors--39.2 +/- 9.2%. For the 2nd group these indices
      were 95.7 +/- 2.9; 75.1 +/- 4 and 58.5 +/- 7.7%, respectively, for the 3rd group-
      96.4 +/- 1.6; 85.9 +/- 2.8; 59.7 +/- 9.3%, respectively. The author has proved
      the advantages of the method of combined radiation therapy of cervical cancer
      using intracavitary gamma-therapy based on the principle of two-staged successive
      insertion of endostats and high activity sources.

PMID- 3357393
TI  - [Long-term results of combined radiation therapy of cancer of the cervix].
AB  - The authors presented 5-year results of combined radiation therapy of 217
      patients with stage I-II cervical cancer using 60Co high energy sources on the
      Agat-B unit for intracavitary irradiation. Intracavitary therapy with fractions
      of 10 and 5 Gy was compared. No significant correlation was found between a
      therapeutic effect and a fraction value. Nevertheless irradiation of 5 Gy was
      found more preferable as it was less frequently accompanied by complications of
      the adjacent organs.

PMID- 3357394
TI  - [Measurement of dose fields using different detectors].
AB  - The authors presented and analyzed the results of measurement of dose fields of
      photon and electron radiation using 3 types of detectors (ionization camera, Si
      detector and diamond detector), alternately switched on to the CADSCAN dose field
      analyzer. The results of a study of dose fields of inhibitory radiation at 18 MeV
      were indicative of the similarity of data obtained with the help of diamond and
      Si detectors and an ionization camera. Comparison of the results for electron
      radiation at 4, 17 and 20 MeV showed that data obtained with the diamond
      detector, coincided with absorbed dose distributions calculated on the basis of
      ionization measurements whereas dose accumulation values obtained with the help
      of the Si detector were very high.

PMID- 3357395
TI  - [Optimization of eccentric rotation gamma-irradiation of the ribs].
AB  - The authors developed a method of eccentric rotation therapy of the ribs by the
      Aspekt-I optimization program using for irradiation the Altai-MT gamma-apparatus
      with an automated control system. A mean fractionation regimen (5 fractions of 4
      Gy daily) was used. An analgesic effect for 5-10 days was observed in all
      patients, a complete effect--1-1.5 mos. after treatment.

PMID- 3357396
TI  - [Formation of dose fields in local irradiation of cancer of the prostate].
AB  - The authors compare dose distributions in local irradiation of prostatic cancer
      using moving methods on distant gamma-units while taking and not taking into
      account individual structure of body section and bone structures. They propose
      problems of choice of optimum conditions of gamma-beam therapy in localized
      prostatic cancer and their solution. Optimum irradiation designs have been found
      preferable. When individual dose field calculations are impossible to implement,
      rotational 360 degree irradiation with correction for 8% and absorption in the
      table of a gamma-therapeutic unit is recommended.

PMID- 3357397
TI  - [Nicotinism].

PMID- 3357398
TI  - [Effect of smoking on the eye].

PMID- 3357399
TI  - [Blood reinfusion].

PMID- 3357400
TI  - [Vascular diseases of the spinal cord].

PMID- 3357401
TI  - [Autonomic-trophic disturbance in disorders of the spinal blood circulation].

PMID- 3357402
TI  - [Organization of care for pneumonia patients].

PMID- 3357403
TI  - [Participation of the nurse in the autoreinfusion of ascitic fluid].

PMID- 3357404
TI  - [Incompatibility of antibiotics with other drug agents].

PMID- 3357405
TI  - [Komsomol organizations: perestroika on the march].

PMID- 3357406
TI  - [Stinging nettle].

PMID- 3357408
TI  - [Knowledge and delusions].

PMID- 3357407
TI  - [Outfitting radiodiagnostic offices and the problems of radiation safety].

PMID- 3357409
TI  - [Practical use of ultraviolet radiation in preschool institutions].

PMID- 3357410
TI  - [Therapy using centimeter waves].

PMID- 3357411
TI  - [Underwater douche-massage].

PMID- 3357412
TI  - [Regulations concerning the nurse at a treatment and prevention institution].

PMID- 3357413
TI  - Molecular evolution of intergenic DNA in higher primates: pattern of DNA changes,
      molecular clock, and evolution of repetitive sequences.
AB  - A 3.1-kb intergenic DNA fragment located between the psi beta-globin and delta
      globin genes in the beta-globin gene cluster was cloned from gorilla, orangutan,
      rhesus monkey, and spider monkey, and the nucleotide sequence of each fragment
      was determined. The phylogeny of these four sequences, together with two
      previously published allelic sequences from humans and one from chimpanzee, was
      constructed, and the accumulation of mutations in the region was analyzed. The
      sites of base substitutions are not evenly distributed within the region: two Alu
      repeats have accumulated 0.21 + 0.02 substitutions/site with 0.15 + 0.008
      substitutions/site in the remainder of the fragment. The occurrence of
      substitutions at neighboring sites is more frequent than would be expected if
      they were independent. The observed excesses disappear when ancestral -CG-
      dinucleotide sites are excluded. The phylogenetic relationships of the sequences
      indicate that the human sequence shares a most recent coancestor with the
      chimpanzee sequence. The data also show that great apes have accumulated fewer
      mutations in this part of the genome than has the rhesus monkey. The relative
      rates of accumulation of 12 kinds of nucleotide substitution in the region during
      primate evolution are asymmetric in the DNA strands. From these rates of
      accumulation, the origin of a simple stretch of sequence near the 3' end of the
      3.1-kb fragment was deduced to be a sequence comprising 50% T and 50% C on one
      strand. The two oppositely oriented Alu sequences in the 3.1-kb region were
      inserted at their present positions before the divergence of the New-World
      monkeys from other lineages. Our analysis shows that the nucleotide sequences of
      the two Alu repeats in spider monkey are unexpectedly similar both to each other
      and to the deduced ancestral sequence of Alu repeats. The data suggest that there
      has been some type of recombinational event between the spider monkey Alu repeats
      but that it was not a simple gene conversion.

PMID- 3357414
TI  - Paired sequence difference in ribosomal RNAs: evolutionary and phylogenetic
      implications.
AB  - Ribosomal RNAs have secondary structures that are maintained by internal Watson
      Crick pairing. Through analysis of chordate, arthropod, and plant 5S ribosomal
      RNA sequences, we show that Darwinian selection operates on these nucleotide
      sequences to maintain functionally important secondary structure. Insect
      phylogenies based on nucleotide positions involved in pairing and the production
      of secondary structure are incongruent with those constructed on the basis of
      positions that are not. Furthermore, phylogeny reconstruction using these
      nonpairing bases is concordant with other, morphological data.

PMID- 3357415
TI  - The mechanism of hypercalciuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Metabolic studies were performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) rats and
      normal control (C) rats to assess the role of hyperphagia in the hypercalciuria
      of diabetes. Urinary calcium excretion (UCaV) was significantly higher in D v C
      rats fed ad libitum. When D rats were pair-fed (calorie and mineral restriction)
      with C rats, UCaV declined but remained significantly higher than in C rats. When
      D rats were allowed their usual increased calorie intake but restricted to C rat
      mineral consumption, UCaV remained elevated. These findings suggested a tubular
      reabsorptive defect. In vivo microinjection studies were then performed to
      identify the site(s) of the tubular reabsorptive defect. Using 1.0 mmol/L Ca in
      the injectate, 45Ca recovery in the urine (CaR%) was significantly higher in D
      rats after intratubular injections into early and late proximal tubules and late
      distal but not early distal tubules. An additional load-dependent defect was
      revealed in the terminal nephron when the Ca concentration of the injectate was
      increased to 1.8 mmol/L. After early distal injection, CaR% was significantly
      increased in D v C rats. Infusion of PTH into thyroparathyroidectomized C and D
      rats enhanced Ca absorption to a similar degree but did not correct the
      reabsorptive defect in D rats. These results argue against a lack of end-organ
      responsiveness to PTH in diabetes or a low serum PTH level as the cause of the
      hypercalciuria. We conclude that hyperphagia contributes to the hypercalciuria of
      diabetes in the absence of increased Ca intake. Also, two tubular reabsorptive
      defects exist: one in the loop of Henle; the other, load-dependent in the
      terminal nephron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357416
TI  - Glycoconjugates as noninvasive probes of intrahepatic metabolism: III.
      Application to galactose assimilation by the intact rat.
AB  - A tracer methodology has been developed for noninvasive assessment of
      intrahepatic metabolism of administered labeled sugars. In this procedure, we
      measure the output of the label from the liver in two glycoconjugates derived
      from hepatic UDP-glucose, namely, glucuronic acid formed through UDP-glucuronic
      acid and excreted in the urine following acetaminophen administration, and
      galactose formed through UDP-galactose and then secreted in the carbohydrate
      portion of glycoproteins in the plasma. Comparison of the distribution of label
      from various sugar precursors in these end-products can indicate exchanges
      between hepatic UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucuronic acid. In this
      study we apply the technique to explore whether the enzyme UDP-galactose-4
      epimerase catalyzing the step UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose is nonequilibrium and
      therefore potentially has a regulatory role for utilization of free galactose.
      The specific activity in the two glycoconjugates was compared when either [1
      3H]galactose or [U-14C]glucose was the infused precursor sugar. In rats under a
      variety of conditions (fasting, oral refeeding, intravenous administration of
      galactose), label from [1-3H]galactose accumulated in glycoprotein-bound
      galactose much more than in acetaminophen-bound glucuronic acid, in comparison to
      label from [U-14C]glucose, demonstrating limitation of the rate of transfer from
      UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose at the epimerase step. Accordingly, epimerase is
      suggested to have a regulatory role in the galactose assimilation
      pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357417
TI  - The effect of abnormal plasma and cellular sterol content and composition on low
      density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by monocytes and lymphocytes in
      sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis.
AB  - The hypothesis that abnormal low density lipoprotein (LDL) sterol content and
      composition in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis affects LDL uptake and/or
      degradation was tested. Monocytes and lymphocytes from three patients and 12 age-
      and sex-matched controls were incubated at 37 degrees C in lipid-free medium with
      125I-labeled LDL prepared from sitosterolemic patients (LDLs) and controls (LDLn)
      in the presence or absence of excess unlabeled lipoproteins. Normal monocytes and
      lymphocytes took up and degraded LDLs 13% to 30% less than LDLn (P less than
      .05). Sitosterolemic monocytes and lymphocytes degraded LDLn 13% and LDLs 67%
      more actively than control cells (P less than .05). Sitosterolemic monocytes
      contained three times more sterols and stanols than controls (P less than .01),
      of which 12% were plant sterols and 2% were 5 alpha-saturated stanols. In one
      patient, stimulating bile acid synthesis by ileal bypass surgery reduced plasma
      and monocyte sterol and stanol concentrations about 60%, and was associated with
      a 40% to 50% increase in LDLn and LDLs receptor-mediated degradation. The
      decreased uptake and degradation of LDLs relative to LDLn by normal cells suggest
      that abnormal plant sterols in LDLs may reduce its affinity for the native LDL
      receptor. Increased receptor-mediated uptake and degradation of LDLs by
      sitosterolemic cells in the presence of high cellular sterol content may result
      from failure of the sitosterolemic cells to down-regulate LDL receptor synthesis.
      Ileal bypass surgery increased cellular LDL receptor activity, reduced plasma and
      cellular sterol concentrations, and may diminish the risk of premature
      atherosclerosis in sitosterolemia.

PMID- 3357418
TI  - Fish oil has beneficial effects on lipids and renal disease of nephrotic rats.
AB  - The effects of fish oil on serum lipids, eicosanoid production, fibrinolysis, and
      renal disease of nephrotic rats were studied. Three groups of rats were given
      adriamycin to induce nephrotic syndrome. They were pair-fed diets containing 14%
      beef fat, 3%, and 14% fish oil, and killed at 4 weeks. Marked beneficial effects
      of the fish oil on plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol
      were observed. Fish oil suppressed dienoic eicosanoid production. Protection of
      renal function and morphology was achieved in the fish oil fed groups, as
      evidenced by lower serum creatinine levels and lesser degrees of tubular
      dilatation and intraluminal protein in the kidney tubules. We conclude that fish
      oil, rich in n-3 fatty acids, is beneficial to the plasma lipids and may prevent
      progression of renal disease in this model of nephrotic syndrome. These two
      events may be interrelated.

PMID- 3357419
TI  - The relationship of maternal and fetal glucose concentrations in the human from
      midgestation until term.
AB  - The relationship between maternal and fetal glucose concentrations was
      investigated in pregnant women at different gestational ages. Maternal and fetal
      blood samples were obtained during 14 fetoscopies (17 to 21 weeks), four
      umbilical cord samples (32 to 36 weeks), nine elective cesarean sections with
      appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses (35 to 39 weeks) and nine elective
      cesarean sections with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses (34 to 37 weeks).
      A significant linear relationship between maternal and fetal glucose
      concentrations was demonstrated at midgestation (P less than .001) and at late
      gestation (P less than .001). At equal maternal concentrations there were no
      significant differences in fetal glucose concentration between the cord samples
      obtained in late gestation and those obtained at cesarean section. At
      midgestation fetal glucose concentration is independent of and may exceed
      maternal concentration at maternal glucose levels less than 4.44 mmol/L.
      Furthermore, the relationship between maternal and fetal concentrations at
      maternal glucose concentrations greater than 4.44 mmol/L is significantly
      different at midgestation from that at late gestation (P less than .01); at equal
      maternal concentrations there were higher glucose concentrations in the mid
      trimester fetus. In late gestation as the maternal glucose concentration
      increases there is an increase in the maternal arterial-umbilical arterial
      glucose concentration difference and the umbilical glucose/oxygen quotient (P
      less than .003) reflecting increased glucose utilization by the fetus. There were
      no significant differences between AGA and SGA babies with respect to these
      relationships.

PMID- 3357420
TI  - Quantification of the glycolytic origin of plasma glycerol: implications for the
      use of the rate of appearance of plasma glycerol as an index of lipolysis in
      vivo.
AB  - To assess whether plasma glycerol could be directly derived from plasma glucose,
      nine postabsorptive dogs were infused with [U-14C] glucose and [2-3H] glycerol to
      measure the rates of appearance of plasma glucose and glycerol and the conversion
      of plasma glucose to glycerol before (basal) and after two hours of infusion of
      glucose (45 mumol/kg/min). Basally (plasma glucose 4.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; plasma
      insulin 5.9 +/- 0.2 microU/mL), rates of appearance of plasma glucose and
      glycerol were 20 +/- 2 and 5.9 +/- 1.3 mumol/kg/min, respectively, and 1.6 +/-
      0.6% of plasma glycerol was derived from plasma glucose. After glucose infusion
      (plasma glucose 9.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/L; plasma insulin 21.1 +/- 1.9 microU/mL), the
      rate of appearance of plasma glycerol decreased 80% to 1.1 +/- 0.3 mumol/kg/min
      and the percent of plasma glycerol from glucose increased significantly to 6.9 +/
      2.9. However, the absolute rate of conversion of glucose to glycerol did not
      change (0.09 +/- 0.03 v 0.07 +/- 0.03 mumol/kg/min). We conclude that even under
      conditions of stimulated glycolysis and inhibited lipolysis, only a small amount
      of plasma glycerol is derived from plasma glucose. Thus, rates of appearance of
      plasma glycerol can be used as a measure of rates of overall lipolysis in vivo.

PMID- 3357421
TI  - A study of pituitary thyrotropin, its subunits, and messenger ribonucleic acids
      in nonthyroidal illness.
AB  - We studied serum TSH, pituitary TSH and alpha and beta-subunits of TSH and their
      messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in three models of nonthyroidal illness (NTI)
      in the rat, ie diabetes mellitus (1 wk after 65 micrograms streptozotocin/g BW
      IP), turpentine oil-injection (8 to 48 hours after after a dose of 5 microliter/g
      bw SC), and complete fasting for 72 hours. Euthyroid, hypothyroid (two months
      after thyroidectomy) and hyperthyroid rats (30 micrograms T4/d X 7, SC) were also
      studied for comparison. Pituitary TSH, alpha and beta subunits and serum TSH, T4,
      and T3 were measured by RIA. Pituitary mRNAs coding for common delta and TSH-beta
      subunits were determined by cytoplasmic dot hybridization technique using
      specific [32P]-cDNA probes. In all NTI models there were significant decreases in
      serum levels of TSH, T4, and T3, but no significant changes were observed in the
      pituitary content of TSH, and alpha and TSH-beta subunits. Hypothyroid rats had
      an increase in serum TSH, pituitary TSH, and pituitary TSH-beta subunit and a
      decrease in pituitary alpha subunit. On the other hand, hyperthyroid rats showed
      a decrease in serum TSH, pituitary TSH, and pituitary TSH-beta subunit, while
      there was no change in the alpha subunit. A significant reduction in the
      pituitary TSH-beta mRNA levels was observed in all NTI models and
      hyperthyroidism, while TSH-beta mRNA was increased in thyroidectomized rats.
      alpha-mRNA was increased only in the pituitary of hypothyroid rats; there was no
      appreciable change in the pituitary alpha-mRNA in the various other pituitary
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3357422
TI  - Determinants of atraumatic vertebral fracture rates in menopausal women: biologic
      v mechanical factors.
AB  - In menopausal women, the susceptibility to atraumatic vertebral fractures is
      thought to be governed by both mechanical factors (as represented by bone
      density) and by biologic factors such as age, body size, and dietary calcium.
      Whether these biologic factors independently influence fracture rates beyond the
      effect of bone density is a matter of controversy. To compare the relative
      importance of mechanical and biologic factors on vertebral fractures, we
      elucidated the determinants of atraumatic compression fractures in 63 menopausal
      women who had no chronic diseases other than osteopenia. Trabecular bone density
      was determined by quantitative computerized tomography of the spine. Fracture
      frequency was expressed as the number of compressed vertebrae per person between
      T5 and L4. The analysis showed that fracture frequency, bone density, and the
      biologic factors were closely interrelated. Fracture frequency was inversely
      correlated to bone density [R2 (spline model) = .40, P less than .0001], body
      size (r = -.26, P = .05), and dietary calcium (r = -.28, P = .04), and directly
      correlated with age (r = .46, P = .0002). Bone density decreased with age (r = 
      .65, P less than .0001), increased with body size (r = .37, P = .004), and tended
      to increase with dietary calcium (r = .24, P = .08). After controlling for bone
      density, there was no perceptible residual relationship between fracture
      frequency and any of these biologic factors. We conclude that mechanical factors
      overshadow age, body size, and dietary calcium as determinants of vertebral
      fracture frequency. The apparent influence of these biologic factors on fracture
      frequency is explained by their surrogate effects on bone density.

PMID- 3357423
TI  - Promoting nursing in the media: ANA's "proud to care" PSA.

PMID- 3357424
TI  - Integrating research into nursing practice.

PMID- 3357425
TI  - Movement design for post-natal women.

PMID- 3357427
TI  - Diabetes--modern trends in teamwork.

PMID- 3357426
TI  - Nutrition in perspective.

PMID- 3357428
TI  - Menopause or midlife changes.

PMID- 3357429
TI  - Models of health and ill-health.

PMID- 3357430
TI  - Language development in twins.

PMID- 3357431
TI  - Examining the episiotomy argument.

PMID- 3357432
TI  - Small cog in a big wheel.

PMID- 3357434
TI  - Physiology of the third stage of labour.

PMID- 3357433
TI  - Thirty-six Arabian nights.

PMID- 3357435
TI  - United we stand--divided we shall fall.

PMID- 3357436
TI  - The joints of the pelvis and their relation to posture in labour.

PMID- 3357437
TI  - The relationship between unexplained late spontaneous abortion and maternal
      hypertension.

PMID- 3357438
TI  - Abortion--the great debate.

PMID- 3357439
TI  - A child rejected at birth.

PMID- 3357440
TI  - Teaching school health to undergraduate medical students.
AB  - This paper describes a teaching programme for final- (sixth-) year undergraduate
      medical students during their 10-week term in child health. Students attend
      schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational
      and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include
      active participation by the students, contact with children in a less threatening
      environment, learning new skills in the assessment of children, and knowledge of
      common screening procedures. Student evaluation of the programme has been
      positive.

PMID- 3357441
TI  - Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients' anxiety and
      depression.
AB  - Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated,
      and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and
      one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of
      three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety
      and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process.
      Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients'
      levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or
      depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were
      themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in
      medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition
      of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own
      emotional state.

PMID- 3357442
TI  - Medical students and comprehensive patient care: attitudes, perceived competence
      and demonstrated ability.
AB  - The importance of medical training which emphasizes comprehensive,
      biopsychosocial medical care is increasingly recognized. Research has focused on
      characteristics affecting attitudes toward psychosocial information, inferring
      that such attitudes are acceptable surrogates for demonstrated ability. The
      current study evaluates the accuracy of information elicited during medical
      interviews conducted by medical students. Information regarding patient
      compliance, patient income and patient reliance on social support was correlated
      with student characteristics, attitudes toward psychosocial information and self
      perceived competence in eliciting such data. For 36 third-year medical students
      on a 4-week family medicine rotation, results showed that measures of
      psychosocial attitudes were not an acceptable substitute for demonstrated
      ability. Exposing medical students to the importance of psychosocial data is
      valuable, but additional attention must be given to their eliciting such
      information accurately and efficiently.

PMID- 3357443
TI  - Inner city deprivation and medical education: a survey of medical students by
      medical students.
AB  - A total of 330 preclinical and clinical medical students and house officers at St
      Mary's Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire to assess their knowledge and
      experience of inner city deprivation and health, and their opinions on the role
      of the doctor in responding to these problems. The response rate was 87%. Over
      75% of the respondents had had no experience of inner city living conditions
      before coming to medical school, and they gained little experience during the
      medical course until well into the clinical years. Most preclinical students
      wanted more contact with the community early in the course; less than one-third
      of the clinical students wanted this. The differences in knowledge and attitudes
      between the year groups are discussed and possible reorientation in medical
      education is considered.

PMID- 3357444
TI  - A critical incident study in child health.
AB  - The critical incident technique is an objective method of analysing doctors'
      professional behaviour. It extracts the skills which should be taught and
      assessed in any training programme. In such a study in child health, 438
      incidents were collected from general practitioners, paediatricians and others,
      and analysed according to the problem, the disease, the setting, the skill and
      the attitude involved. Most of the problems concerned non-specific symptoms (e.g.
      'unwell baby', 'fever') and the main skill categories (each with many
      subheadings) were clinical management (especially at home), the diagnostic
      process and interpersonal skills. Training of doctors in child health should
      emphasize the competencies highlighted in this study.

PMID- 3357445
TI  - A criterion-referenced examination in cardiovascular disease.
AB  - This study described criterion-referenced tests of electrocardiograph reading
      skill and basic knowledge in cardiology, assessed their dependability and
      validity, and explored their impact on overall certification rates. Data
      indicated that the standard-setting processes and the two criterion-referenced
      tests produced dependable results both separately and together. Scores of each
      had the expected relationships with quality of residency training and experience
      with the examination. Moreover, these sections of the examination identified a
      small subset of examinees who failed the criterion-referenced sections but passed
      the norm-referenced examinations. Taken as a whole these results replicate the
      findings of an earlier study in terms of a criterion-referenced test of
      electrocardiograph reading skill and extended them to a criterion-referenced test
      of basic knowledge in cardiology.

PMID- 3357446
TI  - The attitudes of medical students to the objective structured practical
      examination.
AB  - The objective structured practical examination (OSPE) together with the classical
      practical examination (CPE) form the basis for evaluation of laboratory teaching
      at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Students' attitudes to
      OSPE and CPE were assessed by preparing a questionnaire containing 32 item
      statements on Likert's 5-point scale (LS) and 11 bipolar adjectives on Osgood's 7
      point Semantic Differential Scale (OSDS). The questionnaire was administered to
      50 medical undergraduates before their final examination. Forty-two (84%)
      students responded to the questionnaire. The LS showed high internal consistency
      and validity. Attitude scoring on LS and OSDS revealed a high degree of
      correlation. The majority of students showed a positive attitude to OSPE, and
      high-rank students had a greater intensity of positive attitude. OSPE was rated
      as a reliable, effective, useful, interesting and challenging examination,
      although considered taxing, mentally and physically. The students preferred a
      combination of OSPE and CPE as in the present system to a complete change-over to
      the OSPE. The item analysis of the questionnaire is discussed.

PMID- 3357447
TI  - A role for computers in the management of dental education.
AB  - The dental educator confronts increasing demands for technically demanding
      training against a background of factors working to reduce the clinical
      experience of students: less dental disease, new educational emphases and greater
      cost-consciousness. A computer system is described which has run successfully for
      7 years in the Department of Conservative Dentistry at Manchester University.
      This system enables better use to be made of declining teaching resources; it
      allows the department to make more accurate and timely assessments of student
      progress; it can also provide information on current workload and clinical
      commitments. Some possible lines of future development are discussed, including
      use of the system to collect Korner data-sets and to support a more integrated
      approach to treatment.

PMID- 3357449
TI  - ASME scientific meeting. Association for the Study of Medical Education.
      September 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3357448
TI  - Educational priorities in mental health professions: do educators and consumers
      agree?
AB  - Empirical comparisons of priorities of consumers and educators in university
      based programmes in psychiatry, psychiatric nursing and social work are
      described. Data resulted from a Q-sort of 200 objectives for mental health
      education. The results of the tests of validity and reliability of the instrument
      are described, followed by a discussion of the similarities and differences among
      the four samples of subjects: consumers and educators in the three mental health
      professions. Suggestions for applications of this methodology by inter- and
      intradisciplinary service providers are described.

PMID- 3357450
TI  - Attitudes of medical students to the teaching of medical ethics.
AB  - The teaching of ethics to medical students has recently become a topic of much
      importance to all concerned with medical education. However, those most involved,
      the students themselves, have been consulted very little. This paper reports the
      views of a sample of medical students at Oxford University on what ethics
      teaching they receive, of how much value they consider it to be and what form of
      teaching they would like to see included in their curriculum.

PMID- 3357451
TI  - Hepatitis B, AIDS and the neurological pin.

PMID- 3357452
TI  - Racially determined abnormal essential fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism
      and food allergies linked to autoimmune, inflammatory, and psychiatric disorders
      among Coastal British Columbia Indians.
AB  - British Columbia Coastal Indians possess abnormal patterns of essential fatty
      acid (EFA) and prostaglandin (PGE) metabolism as racially determined genetic
      traits, probably a consequence of evolving for tens of thousands of years on a
      diet extremely rich in EFA's. EFA metabolism abnormalities and unusual
      epidemiological patterns suggest fundamental pathologies so subtle as to be
      obscured in other groups, yet readily observable among these Indians. It is
      hypothesized that eicosapentaenoic acid and prostaglandin El deficiencies
      predispose Coastal Indians to food allergies which in turn predispose them to
      autoimmune, inflammatory, and psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3357453
TI  - The origin of tooth cusps--a hypothesis.
AB  - An embryological concept is offered to explain the formation of tooth cusps. The
      epithelium is considered to play the active part in morphogenesis. The folding of
      the inner sheath of the enamel organ must be seen to be the origin of tooth
      cusps. This folding can be considered to be a consequence of the ability to span
      only a certain area without folding. The regularity of the folding--and thus the
      regularity of the molar occlusal pattern--might be a result of the unique
      material properties of the inner enamel epithelium.

PMID- 3357454
TI  - A physiological theory of sex differences in suicide.
AB  - Skutsch has proposed a theory of depression based on the presence of high levels
      of dopamine in the central nervous system. The present paper uses Skutsch's
      theory to explain the fact that males complete suicide more than females whereas
      females attempt suicide more than males.

PMID- 3357455
TI  - The question of lung involvement in angiotensin II-induced rises in circulating
      plasma (K+) and arterial blood pH.
AB  - The reported patterns of raised plasma [K+] and arterial blood pH associated with
      intravenous infusion of angiotensin II in experimental animals are discussed with
      emphasis on the possible role of the lungs in these observed responses.

PMID- 3357456
TI  - A potential role for prolactin in zinc homeostasis.
AB  - Zinc is an important trace metal co-factor for many metallo-enzymes and may have
      a critical role in the stabilization and function of biomembranes. Zinc-depleted
      animals increase their fractional absorption of zinc to restore zinc homeostasis.
      This increase in fractional absorption is not currently known to be hormonally
      mediated. Recently, zinc has been shown to suppress the output of prolactin from
      dispersed pituitary cells in vitro at physiologic concentrations. Clinical states
      associated with a tendency to zinc deficiency are also associated with a tendency
      to hyperprolactinemia. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that
      prolactin regulates the uptake and distribution of zinc and that zinc suppresses
      prolactin in closure of a negative feedback regulatory loop.

PMID- 3357457
TI  - A physiological approach to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid and other high-protein
      arthropathies.
AB  - In many types of arthropathy the synovial fluid (SF) oxygen tension and glucose
      levels often are low and associated with lactic acidosis which, unless joints are
      insensitive to the lack of fuel and oxygen, must contribute to joint damage. To
      such hypoxic-ischaemic changes can contribute quite a number of rheological and
      other mechanisms and synovial necroses, but also tamponade due to increased SF
      hydrostatic pressure caused by colloid osmotic forces (pi) in SF with a high
      protein concentration. pi in SF can be increased by numerous mechanisms, many of
      which are active in patients with rheumatoid and other arthropathies. The present
      compilation shows that the above in a dynamic fashion can be covered by equations
      elaborated by physiologists.

PMID- 3357458
TI  - Multiple sclerosis is a chronic central nervous system infection by a spirochetal
      agent.
AB  - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) infection
      similar to Lyme Disease or Neurosyphilis in its latency period, pathogenesis,
      symptoms, histopathology and chronic CNS involvement. It does not have as yet a
      fully identified spirochetal etiological agent. Much research and clinical
      support for this hypothesis was published before 1954 and is based on silver
      staining of neural lesions, animal isolation of the etiologic agent and the
      characteristic symptoms and pathogenesis of the disease. If this hypothesis is
      correct, the disease should be treatable with antibacterial agents that penetrate
      the CNS (such as high dose antibiotics), diagnosible by specific immunological
      tests, and preventable by early treatment or by the use of vaccines in high risk
      populations.

PMID- 3357459
TI  - Milk consumption, lactose and copper in the aetiology of ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - Milk is a poor source of copper--a nutrient which is known to be limiting or
      marginal in many western diets. Lactose (a major nutritional constituent of milk)
      may interfere with copper utilization in milk and in the overall diet. It is
      postulated that the strong association between the consumption of milk and dairy
      products (especially fresh milk and non-fermented milk products) and the
      incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) indicates a central role for a dietary
      copper deficiency in the aetiology of this disease.

PMID- 3357460
TI  - Microcomputer analyses of clinical ERG, EOG, and other tests of retinal function.
AB  - The electroretinogram (ERG) and electro-oculogram (EOG) are two of the most
      frequently used visual electrodiagnostic tests of retinal function. The ERG and
      EOG are easily measured, but there are many engineering difficulties in
      processing their signal data because the response amplitudes are relatively
      small, and the relevant signals are buried in electromagnetic and biologic noise.
      These tests tend to be time consuming, so they lend themselves to automatic
      control. This article describes the engineering designs relative to a
      microprocessor-based electrophysiologic laboratory at Emory University Clinic to
      perform ERG, EOG, and other clinical tests of retinal function. A comparable
      system that offered both the ability to accept data from a variety of transducers
      and the flexibility to permit all of the planned testing protocols was not
      available from any commercial source.

PMID- 3357461
TI  - Ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment, using direct-recording Holter systems.
AB  - Direct-recording ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring systems may produce
      serious errors not only because of their restricted bandwidth, but even more
      because of the "half-wavelength-to-head-contact effect." This article describes
      an easy measurement procedure and a mathematic model of the storage medium. The
      frequency response is calculated by way of five data from a single measurement.
      Some errors of typical recorders are discussed with the help of synthesized
      electrocardiographs. Measurements by six different recorders are listed.

PMID- 3357462
TI  - An assessment of blood vessel vasoactivity using photoplethysmography.
AB  - The vasoactivity of the vessels of the earlobe, nailbed, finger pad, and nasal
      septum was investigated in 11 human subjects to determine the suitability of
      these sites for use in indirect oximetry. The subjects were healthy, nonsmoking
      volunteers in an age range of 20-32 years. Each site was illuminated with
      infrared radiation at 880 nm, and the reflected pulsatile signals from the tissue
      beds were displayed on a multichannel analog recorder. The decrease in pulse
      amplitude detected at each site in response to a cold-pressor test was used as
      the measure of vasoactivity. Among the sites investigated, the earlobe was the
      least vasoactive. The nasal septum, nailbed, and finger pad were similar in
      degrees of vessel reactivity.

PMID- 3357463
TI  - Electrically heated simulator for relative evaluation of alternative infant
      incubator environments.
AB  - A 10.9-cm diameter, copper ellipsoid was electrically heated to provide a
      simulation of sensible heat transfer from a newborn infant. The use of this
      simulator to determine mean radiant temperature and convective heat-transfer
      coefficient was demonstrated in three commercial incubators: the Isolette (Model
      C-86, Narco/Air Shields); the Armstrong Care-ette (Ohio Medical Products); and
      the I. C. (Ohmeda). The relative performance of these environmental therapeutic
      devices in shielding an infant against radiant heat loss was judged by the
      deviation of mean radiant temperature from incubator air temperature, which was
      varied from 32-36 degrees C. Whereas the I. C. incubator exhibited a radiant
      temperature always 0.5 degrees C less than air temperature, the Care-ette
      incubator showed radiant temperatures of 4.0-5.5 degrees C below air temperature,
      and the Isolette displayed radiant temperatures of 2.7-4.7 degrees C (inner wall
      removed) and 2.0-3.8 degrees C (inner wall inserted) below air temperature. The
      relative performance of the incubators in preventing convective heat loss was
      judged from the magnitude of the convective heat-transfer coefficient, hv. The I.
      C. incubator had an hv = 4.52 W/m2/degrees C; the Care-ette, 5.55 W/m2/degrees C;
      and the Isolette 7.19 W/m2/degrees C (inner wall removed) and 6.23 W/m2/degrees C
      (inner wall inserted). Although an ellipsoid simulator is not an anatomically
      correct substitute for an infant, it does provide a reliable and convenient
      comparison of steady-state heat transfer characteristics of alternative
      environmental devices.

PMID- 3357465
TI  - Why we need a tough national science advisor.

PMID- 3357464
TI  - Microwave desorption: a combined sterilizer/aerator for the accelerated
      elimination of ethylene oxide residues from sterilized supplies.
AB  - Ethylene oxide gas is widely used in medical and related facilities for low
      temperature sterilization of surgical devices. Evidence of its toxicity and, in
      particular, its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity provide sufficient reasons for
      caution in its use and for minimizing exposure. Little advancement has been made
      in the removal of ethylene oxide residuals from plastics into which the gas is
      heavily absorbed during sterilization, despite the fact that the gas has been
      used for 20 years or more. This article describes a novel process (PCT
      Application/GB85/00509) in which microwave irradiation of ethylene oxide
      sterilized materials is utilized to enhance the rate at which the gas is
      desorbed. The experimental apparatus is described, and an explanation of the
      effect of microwaves on the energy of activation for diffusion is given. Data are
      presented in support of the authors' claim of a 400% improvement in the
      efficiency of the new process over conventional aeration procedures. The
      advantages and economy of an integrated sterilizer/microwave-enhanced desorber
      are discussed in the context of the implications that arise from the current
      regulatory debate.

PMID- 3357466
TI  - Cigarette smoking in pregnancy.

PMID- 3357467
TI  - Fitness programmes and musculoskeletal status.

PMID- 3357468
TI  - A comparison of smoking and drinking behaviours in pregnant women: who abstains
      and why.
AB  - Changes in alcohol and nicotine usage during pregnancy are reported for a sample
      of 112 pregnant women, 35 of whom smoked cigarettes before pregnancy and 86 of
      whom drank alcohol before pregnancy. Striking differences were observed among the
      patterns of cigarette smoking compared with those of drinking. One hundred per
      cent of drinkers reported a reduced intake of alcohol but only 57% of the smokers
      reported a decrease in cigarette smoking. Forty per cent of the smokers reported
      that they had "tried and failed" to cut down on their cigarette consumption yet
      none of the drinkers reported such a failure. A reduction in drinking during
      pregnancy was related directly to an antenatal emotional attachment to the fetus
      and related inversely to feelings of irritability towards the fetus. In the case
      of smoking, this relationship did not emerge, and it seemed probable that a
      psychological and a physiological dependence on nicotine may override the effect
      of an emotional attachment to the fetus. Implications for the prevention of
      smoking are discussed.

PMID- 3357469
TI  - Musculoskeletal status of men and women who entered a fitness programme.
AB  - The musculoskeletal status at entry into a fitness programme and the incidence of
      injuries during the first four months of the programme were evaluated in 991 men
      and women who were aged 20-63 years. At entry, about half of the subjects
      reported having received treatment for musculoskeletal ailments previously, or
      that currently they were experiencing musculoskeletal pain and/or discomfort, and
      about one-third of the subjects reported one or more movement limitations. New
      injuries during the first four months of the programme were reported by 38% of
      subjects, with an average duration of impairment of 3.8 weeks, and 43% of those
      who were injured sought medical treatment. The most frequent type, location, and
      cause of injury were "joint sprains/strains" (66%), the lower leg (70%), and
      jogging (33%), respectively. Musculoskeletal problems (previous treatment,
      current pain or discomfort or movement limitations) in the leg did not predict
      leg injuries during the programme, but back problems did predict back injuries.
      Age, sex, body mass index, a parental history of musculoskeletal disease, a
      sporting history, and the frequency of vigorous exercise during the first four
      months did not predict injury. The study emphasized: first, the vulnerability of
      previously-sedentary persons to musculoskeletal injury and the consequent need
      for care in the management of fitness programmes; secondly, the need for the
      evaluation of such programmes if they are to have a rational rather than an
      intuitive basis; and thirdly, the need for epidemiological research on the
      musculoskeletal system as a basis for systematic efforts, partly through
      education and ergonomics, to reduce wear and tear on the musculoskeletal system.

PMID- 3357470
TI  - Child accident-mortality in the Northern Territory, 1978-1985.
AB  - The mortality in children who were aged 0-14 years in the Northern Territory in
      1983-1985 was 2.5-times higher than it was for Australia generally over the same
      period. Total accidental-death rates over the period 1979-1983 in Aboriginal
      children were 2.2-times higher than in non-Aboriginal children. A trend towards
      an excess in Aboriginal child mortality was present in most categories except
      drowning and was particularly noteworthy for deaths due to natural and
      environmental causes (predominantly caused by box-jellyfish stings). Non
      Aboriginal children experienced higher rates of death due to drowning than they
      did elsewhere in Australia; most of these occurred in domestic swimming-pools. A
      higher mortality was encountered in rural areas. The pattern of motor-vehicle
      related deaths differed between Aboriginal children and non-Aboriginal children,
      with the former experiencing a greater number of deaths due to non-collision
      accidents that involved "loss of control". The implications of these findings for
      the development of appropriate preventive strategies is discussed.

PMID- 3357471
TI  - Assessment of a patient-completed questionnaire for keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
AB  - A patient-completed questionnaire has been shown to be equivalent to an observer
      administered format in discriminating between subjects with and without
      keratoconjunctivitis sicca. As well as saving time it can screen patients for the
      presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca without the need for more specialized
      and/or invasive techniques.

PMID- 3357472
TI  - Intracerebral haematoma caused by use of a "golf improver set".
AB  - Two cases of intracerebral haematoma caused by high-velocity impact from a golf
      ball--which was part of a "golf improver set", are described. Caution is advised
      in the use of such kits.

PMID- 3357473
TI  - Diflunisal advertising.

PMID- 3357474
TI  - Suicide rates in adolescent youths.

PMID- 3357475
TI  - Breast cancer in Australia.

PMID- 3357476
TI  - Playing dice with expert evidence.

PMID- 3357477
TI  - Myalgic encephalomyelitis?

PMID- 3357479
TI  - [Vertigo. Diagnosis and therapy from the neurologic viewpoint].

PMID- 3357478
TI  - [Geriatrics. Can we prolong life?].

PMID- 3357480
TI  - [Antacids: more as acid binders?].

PMID- 3357481
TI  - [Transdermal estrogen substitution in the climacteric syndrome].

PMID- 3357482
TI  - [88th meeting of the Japan Surgical Society. 20-22 April 1988, Niigata.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3357483
TI  - Modulation of a human dihydrofolate reductase minigene following release from
      amino acid deprivation involves both 5' and 3' nucleotide sequences.
AB  - A dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) expression system composed of a DHFR minigene
      constructed from human DHFR genomic and cDNA sequences stably transfected into
      DHFR- Chinese hamster ovary cells was used to study the modulation of DHFR levels
      in response to release from amino acid deprivation. The addition of complete
      medium to cells grown for 48 hr in medium lacking isoleucine and glutamine caused
      the transfected cells to undergo a synchronous cycle of DNA replication. When
      DHFR protein levels assayed at the time of maximum DNA synthesis were compared to
      that present in the deprived state, levels rose 3.2- to 4.9-fold. By contrast,
      DHFR levels in cells transfected with a DHFR expression construct made from mouse
      DHFR cDNA fused to viral promoter, intervening, and polyadenylation sequences
      were not inducible under the identical conditions. Human DHFR minigene deletion
      or substitution constructs were used to determine which nucleotide sequences were
      responsible for amino acid-modulated expression. Although deletion of sequences
      upstream from 322 base pair 5' to the start of transcription did not affect DHFR
      expression, removal of sequences between 322 and 113 base pairs reduced DHFR
      induction by approximately 50%. Deletion of nucleotide sequences within the 3'
      nontranslated region of the gene also reduced the level of induction by
      approximately 50%. Reduction in the levels of DHFR RNA relative to total cellular
      RNA was also found. Thus, both 5' and 3' nucleotide sequences are involved in the
      modulation of DHFR levels following release from amino acid deprivation.

PMID- 3357484
TI  - Interaction of [3H]spiperone with rat striatal dopamine D-2 receptors: kinetic
      evidence for antagonist-induced formation of ternary complex.
AB  - The characteristics of [3H]spiperone interactions with rat striatal dopamine D-2
      receptor were investigated. Although the association of [3H]spiperone occurred
      monoexponentially, the pseudo-first order rate constant of association showed a
      hyperbolic dependence on ligand concentration. The data were therefore analyzed
      with the assumption of a two-step binding reaction leading to ligand-induced
      receptor isomerization. For the first equilibrium, the dissociation constant (KD)
      was 1.2 nM, while for the second equilibrium, the association and the
      dissociation rate constants were 71.6 X 10(-3) sec-1 and 0.9 X 10(-3) sec-1,
      respectively. The dissociation rate constant of the overall binding reaction, as
      determined by inducing the dissociation of [3H]spiperone from its binding sites
      by 1 microM (+)-butaclamol, was 0.92 X 10(-3) sec-1. However, the kinetically
      derived KD (15 pM) of the binding reaction differed significantly from the KD
      (218 pM) obtained from equilibrium binding experiments. This inconsistency
      between the two KD values appeared to have arisen from using different receptor
      concentrations in deriving kinetic and equilibrium data. The KD of the
      equilibrium binding reaction indeed showed significant variation with the
      receptor concentrations in an inverse way, implicating the involvement of a third
      component in the two-step binding reaction to form a high affinity ternary
      complex rather than a simple ligand induced receptor isomerization. Pretreatment
      of the membrane with 0.1 mM guanosine 5'-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] reduced the
      affinity of the equilibrium binding reaction to a value (KD = 1.2 nM) which
      corresponded to the kinetically derived KD of the first step of the binding
      reaction, indicating the involvement of a guanine nucleotide-binding protein or G
      protein in inducing the formation of the high affinity ternary complex. The
      affinity of the binding reaction in Gpp(NH)p-pretreated membranes, however,
      increased with the duration of incubation, indicating that the ligand receptor
      complex still can couple with the G protein even in the presence of Gpp(NH)p.
      Pretreatment of the membrane with pertussis toxin irreversibly decreased the
      affinity of the binding reaction without significantly affecting the total number
      of binding sites, implying the involvement of the Gi subclass of G protein in the
      interaction of [3H]spiperone with D-2 receptors. Inhibition of the [3H]spiperone
      binding by a dopamine receptor agonist, bromocriptine, also yielded a monophasic
      dose response curve both in the presence and in the absence of Gpp(NH)p.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3357485
TI  - Recognition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma
      cells by quaternary and tertiary ligands is dependent upon temperature, cell
      integrity, and the presence of agonists.
AB  - The recognition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) in human SK-N-SH
      neuroblastoma cells by hydrophilic (quaternary) and lipophilic (tertiary) ligands
      has been examined. When quiescent cells were incubated at 37 degrees, the same
      maximum number of mAChRs was revealed by antagonists that possessed either a
      quaternary nitrogen, e.g., N-methylscopolamine (NMS) and N-methylquinuclidinyl
      benzilate, or a tertiary nitrogen, e.g., scopolamine and quinuclidinyl benzilate
      (QNB). If cells were incubated at 0 degree, the quaternary [3H]NMS labeled 15-20%
      fewer sites than the tertiary [3H]scopolamine; but upon warming to 37 degrees,
      these inaccessible sites also became labeled. This suggests that mAChRs are
      present at both cell surface and sequestered sites in this cell, and that an
      equilibrium exists between the two cellular compartments. In competition studies
      at 37 degrees, NMS detected a population of [3H]QNB-binding sites which exhibited
      a very low affinity for the quaternary antagonist. However, the sites were not
      evident when mAChRs were labeled with [3H]scopolamine, suggesting that factors
      other than the lipophilic nature of the probe are involved. Although mAChRs were
      equally accessible to charged and uncharged antagonists at 37 degrees, the
      quaternary agonist carbamoylcholine competed for the sites labeled by quaternary
      antagonists with a 10- to 29-fold higher affinity than those labeled by tertiary
      antagonists, whereas the tertiary agonist OXO-2 displaced all sites with an equal
      affinity. However, carbamoylcholine competed equally well for [3H]scopolamine-and
      [3H]NMS-binding sites in either hypotonic cell lysates at 37 degrees or in intact
      cells maintained at 0 degree. These results suggest that, at 37 degrees, agonists
      induce the sequestration of cell surface receptors into a lipophilic environment
      in which receptors become inaccessible to quaternary, but not tertiary, ligands.
      Addition of NMS inhibited the stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis elicited
      by either carbamoylcholine or OXO-2. The Ki values were similar for both
      agonists. It is concluded that mAChRs in SK-N-SH cells cycle between cell surface
      and sequestered sites. At 37 degrees, this cycling is rapid and all receptors
      have access to the cell surface compartment, whereas at 0 degree, receptor
      translocation is prevented and a population of sequestered mAChRs is detected.
      When cells are exposed to an agonist at 37 degrees, the equilibrium shifts such
      that more mAChRs are found in a sequestered cell compartment that is inaccessible
      to quaternary ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3357486
TI  - Activation of adenylate cyclase and inhibition of glucose transport in rat
      adipocytes by forskolin analogues: structural determinants for distinct sites of
      action.
AB  - Forskolin and four analogues of forskolin, 7-beta-[gamma-(N'-methylpiperazino)
      butyryloxy]-7-desacet ylforskolin, 7-desacetylforskolin, 7-tosyl-7
      desacetylforskolin, and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, were tested for their ability to
      activate adenylate cyclase, inhibit glucose transport, and inhibit cytochalasin B
      binding in rat adipocyte membranes. Forskolin was the most potent analogue in
      activating adenylate cyclase with an EC50 of 2 microM, whereas 7-beta-[gamma-(N'
      methylpiperazino)butyryloxy]-7-desacety lforskolin and 7-desacetylforskolin were
      less potent, with EC50 values of 3 microM and 20 microM, respectively. The 7
      tosyl-7-desacetylforskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin did not stimulate adenylate
      cyclase even at the highest concentrations tested (100 microM). In contrast,
      forskolin and all of the analogues were able to fully inhibit glucose transport
      in adipocyte plasma membranes. The order of potency for the inhibition was
      forskolin greater than 7-beta-[gamma-(N'-methylpiperazino)butyryloxy]-7-desacety
      lforskolin greater than 7-desacetylforskolin greater than 7-tosyl-7
      desacetylforskolin greater than 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, and the EC50 values were
      0.24 microM, 1.8 microM, 7.1 microM, 8.8 microM, and 12.8 microM, respectively.
      Cytochalasin B binding to rat adipocyte membranes was inhibited by forskolin and
      the four analogues with the same order of potency as observed for the inhibition
      of glucose transport. Thus, the site of action of forskolin which is responsible
      for the inhibition of glucose transport and cytochasin B binding exhibits
      structural requirements for forskolin and its analogues that are different from
      those of the site responsible for the activation of adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 3357487
TI  - Melanosome binding and oxidation-reduction properties of synthetic L-dopa-melanin
      as in vitro tests for drug toxicity.
AB  - Fifteen drugs were assessed for their ability to interact with calf eye
      melanosomes and to inhibit synthetic L-DOPA-melanin-catalyzed oxidation-reduction
      reactions. All drugs were able to bind to calf eye melanosomes. The Scatchard
      plots of the saturation binding data were curvilinear. At a free drug
      concentration of 0.1 mM, binding ranged between 0.8 nmol/mg for pirenzepine and
      71 nmol/mg for chloroquine, a compound which has been described as provoking
      toxic side-effects in melanin-containing tissues and adjacent structures. As a
      result of its electron transfer properties, synthetic L-DOPA melanin catalyzes
      the NADH oxidation/ferricyanide reduction reaction. Except for (-)
      norepinephrine, which underwent rapid oxidation in the presence of ferricyanide,
      all of the investigated drugs were also able to inhibit this catalytic activity
      of L-DOPA-melanin. The degree of inhibition is dictated by the extent of binding
      rather than by the chemical nature of the drug itself. Chlorpromazine itself was
      able to catalyze the oxidation-reduction reaction and has been proposed to shunt
      normal electron transport sequences in vivo. The implications of melanin binding
      with respect to drug toxicity are discussed in the light of the present
      observations.

PMID- 3357488
TI  - Deinococcus radiodurans UV endonuclease beta DNA incisions do not generate
      photoreversible thymine residues.
AB  - The ability of UV endonuclease beta of Deinococcus radiodurans to act as a
      pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase was investigated. Cell-free extracts of D.
      radiodurans exhibiting UV endonuclease beta activity failed to generate incisions
      in irradiated DNA that liberated free-thymine residues upon photoreversal with
      254-nm light. This is in marked contrast to the pyrimidine dimer UV glycosylase
      of Micrococcus luteus that does liberate such residues. The result suggests that
      UV endonuclease beta incises DNA by true endonuclease action.

PMID- 3357489
TI  - Effect of copper coordination complexes on sister-chromatid exchanges in plant
      cells.
AB  - The effectiveness of several copper coordination complexes in the induction of
      sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in meristematic cells of Allium cepa roots was
      studied. A significant increase in the frequencies of SCE was observed when cells
      were exposed to different concentrations of copper complexes for 3 h. This
      effect, which is concentration dependent, seems to be related to the possibility
      of intercalative binding modes between the planar copper complexes and DNA.

PMID- 3357490
TI  - Use of the frequencies of micronuclei as quantitative indicators of X-ray-induced
      chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: comparison of two
      methods.
AB  - The yield of radiation-induced micronuclei in human lymphocytes was assessed by
      two methods, i.e., by incorporating bromodeoxyuridine or by inhibiting
      cytokinesis by cytochalasin for identification of cells which have undergone one
      cell division. The cytochalasin block method was found to be more efficient with
      a capacity to detect between 60 and 90% of the induced fragments. Dose-response
      characteristics and the results of fractionation experiments indicate that the
      yield of micronuclei reflects both classes of acentric fragments, i.e., those
      associated and independent of exchange type of aberrations.

PMID- 3357491
TI  - Influence of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride on ethyl methanesulfonate
      induced chromosomal aberrations and HPRT mutations in V79 hamster cells.
AB  - V79 hamster cells were mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and
      immediately afterwards posttreated with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride
      or ammonium sulfate. The posttreatment had a clear effect on chromosomal
      aberrations, but TGr mutations were only enhanced by ammonium sulfate, but not by
      sodium chloride posttreatment. It is suggested that hypertonic salt posttreatment
      leads to conformational changes in the DNA, resulting in an increase in TGr
      mutations and chromosomal aberrations.

PMID- 3357492
TI  - The relationship between sperm chromosomal abnormalities and sperm morphology in
      humans.
AB  - It has been suggested that an assay for sperm morphology might prove useful as an
      initial screen in evaluating men at risk for an increased frequency of sperm
      chromosomal abnormalities. In this study, the technique for analysis of human
      sperm chromosomes after penetration of hamster eggs was employed to determine
      whether there is an association between the frequency of chromosomally and
      morphologically abnormal sperm. 30 healthy men of proven fertility were studied.
      The ages of the donors ranged from 22 to 55 years. The analysis was performed
      "blindly" so that the technician analysing the chromosome spreads had no
      knowledge of the age of the donors or of the individual frequencies of
      morphologically abnormal sperm. There was no significant relationship between the
      proportion of morphologically abnormal sperm and the proportion of chromosomally
      abnormal sperm when controlled for age. This was true for the total frequency of
      chromosomal abnormalities and also for numerical and structural chromosomal
      abnormalities. These results suggest that an assay of morphology is not a good
      indication of chromosomal normality in human sperm.

PMID- 3357493
TI  - Activation of a well-behaved cell cycle in araC-treated V79 cells by caffeine.
AB  - .3-1.0 microM araC (cytosine arabinoside) treatment of V79 cells produced
      inhibition of multiplication of cells which was accompanied by a large increase
      of cell size. In presence of 1-2 mM caffeine the inhibition of cell proliferation
      due to araC treatment was substantially reduced and cell-size increase was
      prevented; caffeine did not influence the uptake of araC by V79 cells. Flow
      microfluorometric analysis showed that caffeine induced a wave of cell cycle
      progression in 0.3 microM araC-treated cells. The cell cycle activated by
      caffeine in 0.3 microM araC-treated cells was largely well behaved; this was
      indicated by the fact that (1) prior to cell division cells achieved a tetraploid
      DNA content and (2) following cell division they had diploid DNA content as a
      result of which DNA homeostasis was maintained. At 1.0 microM araC concentration,
      however, extreme micronucleation was observed which gave rise to a substantial
      fraction of micronuclei with less than G1 DNA content.

PMID- 3357494
TI  - Reduction of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in human and
      rat hepatocytes by butylated hydroxytoluene.
AB  - Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) protected against DNA damage induced in rat
      hepatocytes by 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) or N-hydroxy 2AAF as shown by a
      marked reduction of unscheduled DNA synthesis. BHT also inhibited 2AAF-induced
      DNA damage (as shown by reduced repair) in human hepatocytes. In addition, rats
      pre-treated with BHT in the diet (0.5% w/w for 10 days) provided hepatocytes
      which exhibited less unscheduled DNA synthesis than did hepatocytes from control
      rats when these cells were exposed to either 2AAF or N-hydroxy 2AAF. The results
      indicate both direct (in vitro) and indirect (by pre-treatment in vivo)
      inhibitory effects of BHT on the genotoxicity of 2AAF in liver cells, in accord
      with the reported anti-tumorigenicity in the liver. This effect contracts with a
      BHT-mediated increase in the efflux of 2AAF-derived mutagens from liver cells
      which may contribute to enhanced extrahepatic carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3357495
TI  - Individual differences in learning or cognitive style.

PMID- 3357497
TI  - [Psychiatric case study: Mrs. Sarie Nicolsen].

PMID- 3357496
TI  - The tyranny of superstition.

PMID- 3357498
TI  - Guidelines for becoming a successful author. Part Two. Writing the manuscript.

PMID- 3357499
TI  - AIDS in Africa--the latter day 'Black Death'?

PMID- 3357500
TI  - [Electricity and safety in the intensive care unit].

PMID- 3357501
TI  - Educate that you may be free.

PMID- 3357503
TI  - Day care surgery--an anaesthetic perspective.

PMID- 3357502
TI  - Diathermy plates.

PMID- 3357504
TI  - The post-anaesthetic recovery unit at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield.

PMID- 3357505
TI  - The Griffiths experience. The English perspective: general management--a personal
      view; "MacGriffiths": the Scottish perspective.

PMID- 3357506
TI  - Controversial AIDS drug for US market.

PMID- 3357507
TI  - Congressional roasting for NIH critics.

PMID- 3357508
TI  - AIDS and HIV.

PMID- 3357509
TI  - Developmental neurobiology. The milieu is the message.

PMID- 3357510
TI  - A specific inhibitor of the ran1+ protein kinase regulates entry into meiosis in
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - In fission yeast, meiosis is initiated by transcriptional activation of the mei3+
      gene, under the combined influence of the four mating-type genes. The product of
      the mei3+ gene acts as a critical meiotic inducer by binding non-covalently to a
      newly identified protein kinase encoded by the ran1+ gene and inhibiting its
      enzymatic activity. Inactivation of the ran1+ protein kinase is both necessary
      and sufficient to divert a vegetative cell from mitotic division to meiotic
      differentiation.

PMID- 3357511
TI  - A role for the nuclear envelope in controlling DNA replication within the cell
      cycle.
AB  - In eukaryotes the entire genome is replicated precisely once in each cell cycle.
      No DNA is re-replicated until passage through mitosis into the next S-phase. We
      have used a cell-free DNA replication system from Xenopus eggs to determine which
      mitotic changes permit DNA to re-replicate. The system efficiently replicates
      sperm chromatin, but no DNA is re-replicated in a single incubation. This letter
      shows that nuclei replicated in vitro are unable to re-replicate in fresh
      replication extract until they have passed through mitosis. However, the only
      mitotic change which is required to permit re-replication is nuclear envelope
      permeabilization. This suggests a simple model for the control of DNA replication
      in the cell cycle, whereby an essential replication factor is unable to cross the
      nuclear envelope but can only gain access to DNA when the nuclear envelope breaks
      down at mitosis.

PMID- 3357512
TI  - Low-tech US jobs boom?

PMID- 3357513
TI  - Home test kits for AIDS blocked.

PMID- 3357514
TI  - Mainstream scientists confront unorthodox view of AIDS.

PMID- 3357515
TI  - UK medical research in morale crisis.

PMID- 3357516
TI  - Why cats have nine lives.

PMID- 3357517
TI  - Molecular evolution. How old is a polymorphism?

PMID- 3357518
TI  - Lycopodium spores found in condom dusting agent.

PMID- 3357519
TI  - Selective responses of visual cortical cells do not depend on shunting
      inhibition.
AB  - Theoretical analyses of the electrical behaviour of the highly branched processes
      of nerve cells has focused attention on the possibility that single cells perform
      complex logical operations rather than simply summing their synaptic inputs. In
      particular, it has been suggested that the orientation and direction selectivity
      of cells in the visual cortex results from the action of a nonlinear 'shunting'
      inhibition that emulates an AND-NOT logical operation. The characteristic
      biophysical feature of this proposed inhibitory mechanism is that it evokes a
      large and relatively sustained increase in the conductance of the neuronal
      membrane while leaving the membrane potential unaffected. This shunting mechanism
      contrasts with linear 'summative' inhibition in which conductance changes are
      less prominent, and inhibition is achieved by hyperpolarization of the membrane
      potential. In a direct experimental test of the hypothesis that the selectivity
      of visual cortical neurons depends on shunting inhibition we found no evidence
      for the large conductance changes predicted by the theory.

PMID- 3357521
TI  - Ethical questions of tissue transplant.

PMID- 3357520
TI  - Fetuses and parkinsonism.

PMID- 3357522
TI  - First ever animal patent issued in United States.

PMID- 3357523
TI  - Criminal charge in scientific fraud case.

PMID- 3357524
TI  - US congressional committee takes on role of reviewer.

PMID- 3357525
TI  - Australian scientists differ on how to attach fraud.

PMID- 3357526
TI  - Cyclosporin-yielding fungus found.

PMID- 3357528
TI  - Frog liberationists croak up.

PMID- 3357527
TI  - France moves toward laws on IVF.

PMID- 3357529
TI  - Universal health insurance in Massachusetts.

PMID- 3357530
TI  - Anthrax outbreak in Soviet Union due to natural causes?

PMID- 3357531
TI  - Therapeutic proteins overtake monoclonals.

PMID- 3357532
TI  - The DNA data libraries.

PMID- 3357533
TI  - Why aren't horses faster?

PMID- 3357534
TI  - Evolving control of diseases.

PMID- 3357535
TI  - Leukocyte L1 protein and the cystic fibrosis antigen.

PMID- 3357536
TI  - Estimation of genetic trend in racing performance of thoroughbred horses.
AB  - Thoroughbred horses have been bred exclusively for racing in England since Tudor
      times and thoroughbred horse racing is now practised in over 40 countries and
      involves more than half-a-million horses worldwide. The genetic origins of the
      thoroughbred go back largely to horses imported from the Middle East and North
      Africa to England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Since
      the establishment of the Stud Book in 1791, the population has been effectively
      closed to outside sources, and over 80% of the thoroughbred population's gene
      pool derives from 31 known ancestors from this early period. Despite intense
      directional selection, especially on the male side, and the generally high
      heritabilities of various measures of racing performance, winning times of
      classic races have not improved in recent decades. One possible explanation for
      this is that additive genetic variance in performance may have been exhausted in
      the face of strong selection. To test this, we have estimated the genetic trend
      in performance over the period 1952-77 using TIMEFORM handicap ratings which are
      based entirely on the horse's own performance, and express its racing merit as a
      weight in pounds which the compilers believe the horse should carry in an average
      free-handicap race. These ratings take into account such factors as the firmness
      of the ground, the distance and the level of the competition. Our results
      indicate that the failure of winning times to improve is not due to insufficient
      genetic variance in the thoroughbred population as a whole.

PMID- 3357537
TI  - Direct observation of microtubule dynamics in living cells.
AB  - The study of cell locomotion is fundamental to such diverse processes as
      embryonic development, wound healing and metastasis. Since microtubules play a
      role in establishing the leading lamellum and maintaining cell polarity, it is
      important to understand their dynamic behaviour. In vitro, subunits exchange with
      polymer by treadmilling and by dynamic instability. Disassembly events can be
      complete (catastrophic) or incomplete (tempered). In vivo, microtubules are in
      dynamic equilibrium with subunits with a half-time for turnover of 4-20 min.
      Microtubules grow by elongation of their ends and are replaced one by one with
      turnover being most rapid at the periphery. Although previous results are
      consistent with dynamic instability, we sought to directly test the mechanism of
      turnover. Direct observations of fluorescent microtubules in the fibroblast
      lamellum show that individual microtubules undergo rounds of assembly and
      disassembly from the same end. Reorganization of the microtubule network occurs
      by a tempered mode of dynamic instability.

PMID- 3357538
TI  - Dispersal and the sex ratio at birth in primates.
AB  - The females of many species of primates settle for life within the home ranges of
      their mothers, whereas males disperse as immatures. According to the theory of
      sex allocation, the costs incurred by mothers through local competition for
      resources with their philopatric daughters should favour the evolution of male
      biased sex ratios at birth. I report here two tests of this hypothesis based on
      data from 15 genera of primates. First, I show that the intensity of competition
      for resources within kin groups is strongly and positively correlated with sex
      ratios at birth. Second, I show that sex ratios at birth are higher in genera
      with female-biased philopatry than in genera in which philopatry is not female
      biased. These analyses suggest that local resource competition among kin
      powerfully influences the evolution of sex ratios in primates.

PMID- 3357539
TI  - Another report smiles on human genome sequencing project.

PMID- 3357540
TI  - SE Asia drug centre.

PMID- 3357541
TI  - Insurance and AIDS.

PMID- 3357542
TI  - Psychiatry in the Soviet Union.

PMID- 3357543
TI  - G-strings at chromosome ends.

PMID- 3357544
TI  - How to identify a carcinogen.

PMID- 3357545
TI  - Groups and grandmothers in neuroscience.

PMID- 3357546
TI  - Convergent evolution of lysozyme sequences?

PMID- 3357548
TI  - Can the new polio vaccines take the heat?

PMID- 3357547
TI  - Haemodynamics of the jugular vein in the giraffe.

PMID- 3357549
TI  - Highly conserved repeats in heat-shock introns.

PMID- 3357550
TI  - Environmental sex determination in reptiles.

PMID- 3357551
TI  - Embryonic temperature determines adult sexuality in a reptile.
AB  - Gonadal differentiation in amniote vertebrates is controlled by one of two
      mechanisms: genotypic sex determination (GSD) or environmental sex determination
      (ESD). After differentiation the fetal gonad produces sex steroid hormones which
      govern the development of other components of sexuality. Thus, the primary sex
      determiner is thought to operate solely as a trigger that initiates a cascade of
      events culminating in adult sex differences. In the leopard gecko (Eublepharis
      macularius), gonadal and morphological sex is determined by incubation
      temperature, with relatively 'hot' temperatures (32 degrees C) resulting in
      mostly male offspring and relatively 'cold' temperatures (26 degrees C) resulting
      in only female offspring. We report here that the reproductive behaviour and
      endocrine physiology of an adult is influenced by the temperature experienced as
      an embryo. Also, the perception of a female to courtship by a male is influenced
      by incubation temperature. These data indicate that incubation temperature, the
      primary determiner of sex in this species, has differential effects on adult
      sexuality.

PMID- 3357552
TI  - [Infectious sinus thrombosis in children].

PMID- 3357553
TI  - [3d mass screening for cervix carcinoma in the testing area].

PMID- 3357554
TI  - [Ethylene glycol poisoning].

PMID- 3357555
TI  - [Follow-up study after polypectomy in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3357556
TI  - [The Glycotronic F-meter is useless for (self)monitoring of blood glucose levels
      in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3357557
TI  - [Thrombosis of mechanical heart valves].

PMID- 3357558
TI  - [Minor symptoms in family practice: herpes labialis].

PMID- 3357559
TI  - [Normal coronary vessels and still a heart infarct?].

PMID- 3357560
TI  - [Nothing new in lung cancer?].

PMID- 3357561
TI  - [Requirements for ophthalmological examinations].

PMID- 3357562
TI  - Craniopagus twins: neuroradiological findings (CT, angiography, MRI).
AB  - A pair of craniopagus twins was examined with CT, angiography and MRI, to
      preoperatively assess their cerebral anatomy and blood flow. Angiography revealed
      a common venous sinus and a venous cross-flow from one brain to the other. This
      common sinus was also identified in magnetic resonance images. The significance
      of accurately evaluating the veins and sinuses in craniopagus twins is stressed.

PMID- 3357563
TI  - Radioanatomy of upper airways in flexion and retroflexion of the neck.
AB  - Ten flexion-retroflexion radiographs of the cervical spine (in lateral
      projection) were utilized to study anatomical configuration and topography of the
      upper air passages in these two positions. Measurement of AP diameters revealed
      narrowing in flexion and widening in retroflexion, being maximal at the region of
      the epiglottis, and minimal at the regions of larynx and trachea. The distance
      from the pharyngeal attachment of the skull-base, to the upper chest aperture
      proved to be markedly greater in retroflexion than in flexion. As the pharynx
      virtually does not change its length during these movements, it is drawn up (with
      respect to the upper chest aperture) in retroflexion, and pushed down in flexion,
      over a mean distance of 42 mm. The up and down movement of the upper part of the
      trachea is slightly less: 38 mm. No correction for radiological magnification of
      15-20%.

PMID- 3357564
TI  - Dynamic CT of micro- and macroangiopathic states of the cerebrum.
AB  - Dynamic computed tomography utilizing intravenous contrast agents affords a
      unique opportunity to evaluate pathologic vascular states of the cerebrum in
      cross-section with an imaging system which is more contrast-sensitive than either
      conventional film-screen or digital subtraction angiography. Dynamic scanning
      therefore routinely allows the non-invasive detection of pathologic vascularity
      in-vivo in lesions that could previously only be detected reliably primarily with
      in-vitro techniques. The first section of this two part report examines the
      microscopic vascularity observed in active demyelination, inflammatory states,
      trauma, infarction and other forms of acquired cerebral disease. In the second
      section, the ability of intravenous dynamic cranial computed tomography to detect
      macroscopic pathologic vascularity is reviewed. The diagnostic principles of
      conventional angiography apply in this technique except that the lesion is viewed
      in cross-section, rather than in-toto with all structures superimposed. The
      method therefore yields a true tomographic angiogram. Abnormal vascular states
      associated with malignancies, vascular malformations, aneurysms, and vascular
      occlusions are simply evaluated and correlate precisely with the aberrant
      vascular patterns revealed angiographically.

PMID- 3357565
TI  - CT findings of cerebral paragonimiasis in the chronic state.
AB  - The CT findings in 5 patients with cerebral paragonimiasis in the chronic state
      are presented. The findings were: 1) multiple, densely calcified areas with a
      variety of round or nodular shapes in the brain, 2) a large low density area
      surrounding or connecting with the calcified areas, and 3) cortical atrophy and
      ventricular dilatation. The relation between the CT findings and the previously
      reported plain skull X-ray findings or neuropathological findings are discussed.

PMID- 3357566
TI  - Neurocysticercosis: correlative pathomorphology and MR imaging.
AB  - CT and MR images of 32 patients with neurocysticercosis were correlated with
      pathomorphology. Gross morphological features of cystic larvae, complex arachnoid
      cysts, granulomatous abscesses, basal meningitis and mineralised nodules
      correlated closely with the images obtained, especially on MR, where resolution
      permitted visualisation of larval protoscolices. Our material indicates three
      forms of the natural history of neurocysticercosis related chiefly to anatomic
      location, and provides details of the evolution of large, complex arachnoid
      cysts.

PMID- 3357568
TI  - What is expected of CT in the evaluation of stroke?
AB  - This study was based on 5042 cranial CT examinations in a 2-year period. 19.8% of
      all cranial CT scans were performed for confirmation or evaluation of clinically
      suspected stroke. 87% of the clinical diagnoses of stroke were confirmed by CT
      scan. Intracranial hemorrhage made up a small percentage in this study. The
      establishment of this diagnosis was a valuable service in the patients'
      management. Brain tumor may rarely present clinical symptoms mimicking stroke and
      may have a normal CT initially.

PMID- 3357567
TI  - Minamata disease demonstrated by computed tomography.
AB  - Computed tomography was studied in the patients with Minamata disease, a
      methylmercury poisoning caused by the ingestion of contaminated sea foods. The
      characteristic changes in the acquired cases were atrophy of the visual calcarine
      cortex and of the cerebellar vermis and/or hemisphere. Marked atrophy of the
      calcarine cortex produced the sac-shaped low density areas between the occipital
      lobes and diffuse and marked cerebellar atrophy with enlargement of the fourth
      ventricle and cisterns of the posterior fossa produced a shrunken image on CT.
      Morphometric analysis confirmed these findings. In the fetal cases, the changes
      on CT were slight and no definite atrophy was demonstrated in either the
      calcarine cortex or the cerebellum. Morphometric analysis disclosed an increase
      of size of the middle portions of the lateral ventricle and the third and fourth
      ventricles.

PMID- 3357569
TI  - CT and angiographic correlation of severe neurological disease in toxemia of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Two patients with severe cerebral symptoms of toxemia of pregnancy were examined
      using computed tomography (CT) and angiography. CT disclosed extensive areas of
      low attenuation within the cerebral hemispheres. Angiography revealed
      constriction and narrowing of proximal and peripheral vessels suggesting
      vasculitis with extensive areas of impaired regional cerebral blood flow. A
      review of the known pathology and the theories regarding the pathophysiology of
      the cerebral effects of toxemia is presented.

PMID- 3357570
TI  - The MR appearance of hypothalamic hamartoma.
AB  - Hypothalamic hamartoma is the most common detectable cerebral lesion causing
      precocious puberty. Two histologically confirmed cases were studied by
      computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. T2 weighted,
      sagittal MR images were superior to CT in delineating the tumor from surrounding
      grey matter. The lesion was isointense to grey matter on T1 weighted images
      allowing exclusion of other hypothalamic tumors. MR will undoubtedly become the
      imaging modality of choice in the detection of hypothalamic hamartoma.

PMID- 3357571
TI  - The best fit method. A simple way for measuring the volume of an intracerebral
      haematoma.
AB  - A method is described in which the volumes of intracerebral haematomas were
      measured by a method of best-fitting circles, in 23 consecutive patients. The
      results were compared with computer measurements of the haematoma volumes. The
      two measures corresponded well: mean difference 0.14 cc (-0.5%), range -4.5 to
      +6.5 cc (-17 to +26%).

PMID- 3357572
TI  - CT of extraforaminal disc herniation with associated vacuum phenomenon.
AB  - Lumbo-sacral extraforaminal disc herniation with spinal nerve compression is a
      well recognized entity. The diagnosis is difficult, however, and the true
      incidence therefore unknown. We report a case where CT was diagnostic.

PMID- 3357574
TI  - Ecchordosis physaliphora arising from the cervical vertebra, the CT and MRI
      appearance.
AB  - The authors report a rare case of ecchordosis physaliphora arising from C2,
      manifested with clinical symptoms, with the findings of CT scans and MRI.

PMID- 3357573
TI  - Fat in the dural sinus--CT and anatomical correlations.
AB  - Two cases of fat in midline dural sinuses, detected by high-resolution CT, were
      studied anatomically. The fat nodules were not located in the sinus lumen, but in
      the sinus wall. They were composed of normal adipose tissue without fibrous
      encapsulation. Our findings have proved that the fat deposit as demonstrated by
      CT within these dural sinuses represents normal adipose tissue in the sinus wall
      and does not necessarily mean the presence of a fatty tumor.

PMID- 3357575
TI  - Solitary paraventricular calcification in cerebral lupus erythematosus: a report
      of two cases.
AB  - Paraventricular calcification not previously reported in systemic lupus
      erythematosus was seen in cranial computed tomograms of two patients with this
      disorder.

PMID- 3357576
TI  - Anomalous origin of the anterior cerebral artery associated with aneurysm-
      embryological considerations.

PMID- 3357577
TI  - Double intracranial arteriovenous malformation in the same patient.

PMID- 3357578
TI  - Views on maternity, psychiatric and geriatric services.

PMID- 3357579
TI  - Third-party payments for nurses: untangling the web.

PMID- 3357580
TI  - One view of the future: nontraditional education as the norm.

PMID- 3357581
TI  - Handle with caring: meeting elderly clients' special learning needs.

PMID- 3357582
TI  - Measuring student retention: a national analysis.

PMID- 3357583
TI  - Are your group process skills up to par?

PMID- 3357584
TI  - Neuronal structures of the brainstem participating in postural suppression in
      cats.
AB  - Two histochemical tracer techniques (a horseradish peroxidase and a Phaseolus
      vulgaris leucoagglutinin axonal flow technique) were employed to determine the
      cells of origin, axonal trajectories and terminals of fibers of passage through
      the dorsal tegmental field (DTF) in the pons along the midline (Horsley-Clarke
      coordinates, P 3 to P 7, LR 0, H - 4.5 to H - 6.0). Stimulation of the DTF area
      results in the postural suppression in both acute decerebrate, reflexively
      standing cats and freely moving awake cats. With these techniques, we have been
      able to demonstrate that in addition to pontine reticular cells, many cells in
      the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum, including the LC-complex, project their axons
      to the rostral part of the midline DTF area, and that descending axons from the
      nucleus reticularis pontis oralis pass through the DTF area and terminate on
      cells in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and the nucleus reticularis
      gigantocellularis. Among those cells in the nucleus reticularis
      gigantocellularis, a great number of giant cells project to the lumbar spinal
      cord. The functional roles of these neuronal structures are discussed in relation
      to the results obtained by chemical stimulation of the pontine structures.

PMID- 3357585
TI  - The functional role of sensory inputs from the foot: stabilizing human standing
      posture during voluntary and vibration-induced body sway.
AB  - The functional role of sensory inputs from the foot in the stabilization of
      upright standing in humans was studied using an ischemic nerve block which was
      applied bilaterally at the level of the ankle. Subjects were asked: (1) to lean
      forward or backward by pivoting around their ankle joints; and (2) to hold a
      standing posture during the bilateral application of vibration (140 Hz) to the
      Achilles tendons. After 30-40 min of ischemia, the magnitude of maximum body
      leaning was equally reduced to about 70% of controls for both the "eyes-open" and
      "eyes-closed" conditions with bare feet. This decrease of body leaning caused by
      ischemia was not observed when a foot was fixed firmly on a "fixation" board.
      During vibration, body sway was augmented, and characteristic oscillations of
      this body sway around 3 Hz were observed under ischemic conditions with eyes
      closed and with bare feet. We concluded that foot sensation may be an important
      source of information for controlling the magnitude of body leaning and for
      stabilizing higher frequency components of body sway.

PMID- 3357586
TI  - Alterations in vector components of the velocity of the forepaw switching of
      target-reaching in the cat.
AB  - Switching of target-reaching in cats following a change in the location of the
      target is described kinematically as alterations in horizontal orthogonal
      velocity components. Alterations observed during real movement deviations are
      theoretically explained. Such deviations can be initiated by altering a single
      velocity component in isolation.

PMID- 3357588
TI  - The beginning student: a faculty challenge.

PMID- 3357587
TI  - Metabolic responses of the flocculus to optokinetic stimuli as revealed by the
      [14C]2-deoxyglucose method in pigmented rats.
AB  - By means of the [14C]2-deoxyglucose method, metabolic activity in the flocculus
      during monocular temporonasal optokinetic stimulation was investigated in alert
      pigmented rats. Local glucose utilization rates of both flocculi were
      significantly enhanced in the optokinetically stimulated animals. The flocculus
      ipsilateral to the stimulated eye showed an enhanced local glucose utilization
      rate as compared with the contralateral flocculus. The most enhanced activity was
      localized in the middle part of the rostrocaudal extent of the ipsilateral
      flocculus, and was characterized by its patchy appearance in the granular layer.

PMID- 3357589
TI  - Successful registered nurse education: a case analysis.

PMID- 3357590
TI  - Educating nurse diagnosticians.

PMID- 3357591
TI  - Philosophy debated: a teaching strategy.

PMID- 3357593
TI  - Part-time faculty: suggestions for policy.

PMID- 3357592
TI  - Toward whole-brain education in nursing.

PMID- 3357594
TI  - Quality error.

PMID- 3357595
TI  - Curriculum content selection criteria: beyond objectives.

PMID- 3357596
TI  - Managing your academic career. Achieving promotion and tenure: a strategic
      perspective.

PMID- 3357597
TI  - The role of the dean: a faculty perspective.

PMID- 3357598
TI  - New directions for stress research with students.

PMID- 3357599
TI  - AIDS policy and guidelines development.

PMID- 3357600
TI  - The use of computers in community health.

PMID- 3357601
TI  - Reflections on teaching generic thinking and problem solving.

PMID- 3357602
TI  - Oncology Search: an innovative teaching method.

PMID- 3357603
TI  - An approach to international education in primary health care.

PMID- 3357604
TI  - Strategies for recruiting nursing students.

PMID- 3357605
TI  - Publishing scholarly papers: a course for graduate students.

PMID- 3357606
TI  - Rural preceptorship program for baccalaureate students.

PMID- 3357607
TI  - One minute management encourages assertiveness in students.

PMID- 3357608
TI  - Head nurses: their practice and education.

PMID- 3357609
TI  - Physicians and the dispensing of drugs for profit: a need for responsible
      legislation.

PMID- 3357610
TI  - The real costs of generic substitution.

PMID- 3357611
TI  - Reforming New York City's Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.

PMID- 3357612
TI  - Trends in medical student views of the community served by an inner-city medical
      center.

PMID- 3357613
TI  - Calcium entry blockers and human platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3357614
TI  - Importance of testing for sexually transmitted chlamydial disease in the
      pediatric emergency room.

PMID- 3357615
TI  - Bilateral lipomas of the diaphragm.

PMID- 3357616
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea in syringomyelia-syringobulbia.

PMID- 3357617
TI  - Teaching in ambulatory care settings.

PMID- 3357618
TI  - Drug treatment and HIV seropositivity.

PMID- 3357619
TI  - Aneurysm of the membranous ventricular septum.

PMID- 3357620
TI  - Influenza, pneumococcal, and tetanus vaccine recommendations for diabetics and
      other high-risk individuals.

PMID- 3357621
TI  - Suicide.

PMID- 3357623
TI  - The sick doctor: who cares for the carers?

PMID- 3357622
TI  - What do middle-aged New Zealanders eat? A dietary survey in 50-54 year olds in
      south Canterbury and north Otago.
AB  - Information on diet was obtained from a random sample of 50-54 year olds in
      October 1985 when a health survey was conducted in the Timaru health district.
      This survey formed part of the international cardiovascular diseases and
      alimentary comparison (CARDIAC) study. A seven-day dietary history was obtained
      from 99 male and 82 female participants who were not taking any antidiabetic or
      antihypertensive medication. The median daily energy intake was 10.5 MJ for the
      men and 6.3 MJ for the women. The median daily total fat intake for men and women
      respectively was 103 g and 68 g. The median ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated
      fatty acids was low, 0.19 for the men and 0.18 for the women. Total fat
      contributed 37.5% to energy intake of men and 38.5% to energy intake of women and
      alcohol contributed 5.1% for men and 2.1% for women. Mineral and vitamin intakes
      were generally satisfactory. A substantial proportion of the participants,
      particularly women, claimed to have decreased their total food, fat, salt, meat,
      eggs and milk intakes and to have increased their vegetable and fish consumption.

PMID- 3357624
TI  - A ten year survey of superficial mycoses in the Tauranga district, Bay of Plenty.
AB  - Between 1 January 1976 and 31 December 1985, 4086 patients living in Tauranga and
      its environs were examined mycologically. All were suspected of superficial
      cutaneous mycoses and the majority were referred by general practitioners. A
      total of 1085 pathogenic fungi were identified, an isolation rate of 27%. The
      main pathogens identified in order of frequency were--Candida species;
      Microsporum canis; Trichophyton rubrum; Malassezia furfur; Epidermophyton
      floccosum; T mentagrophytes var interdigitale. The positivity rate was slightly
      higher for patients attending the laboratory compared with specimens collected at
      the surgeries of medical practitioners. Some seasonal variation was noted.

PMID- 3357625
TI  - Renal biopsy in children.
AB  - Between January 1973 and December 1986 a total of 47 children (32 boys) under the
      age of 16 years had a total of 60 renal biopsies. The commonest indication for
      biopsy was the nephrotic syndrome, followed by macroscopic haematuria, Henoch
      Schonlein nephritis and lupus nephritis. The children have been followed
      prospectively for a mean period of five and one-half years. One-half of the
      children are now in a full remission, five have reached end-stage renal failure,
      two have died of sepsis, two have chronic renal failure and the remainder
      continue to have proteinuria and/or macroscopic haematuria. Renal biopsy by an
      experienced operator using ultrasonic control and having the facilities of an
      expert histopathological service was a safe diagnostic procedure which has
      enabled important prognostic and therapeutic decisions to be made.

PMID- 3357627
TI  - Doctors' Health Advisory Service.

PMID- 3357626
TI  - Selling screening: findings from the Cancer Society/PHA workshop on cancer early
      detection.

PMID- 3357628
TI  - A tale of two surveys.

PMID- 3357629
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 3357630
TI  - Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Committee.

PMID- 3357631
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 3357632
TI  - Misinformation in the public media relating to craniofacial surgery in New
      Zealand.

PMID- 3357633
TI  - Nursing grand rounds.

PMID- 3357634
TI  - Nurses can write a simple sentence.

PMID- 3357635
TI  - Nursing diagnosis: an assessment form.

PMID- 3357637
TI  - TICK--a staffing tool for floor nurses.

PMID- 3357636
TI  - Transition from staff nurse to head nurse: a personal experience.

PMID- 3357638
TI  - Dismissal of obese woman from school of nursing--actionable?

PMID- 3357639
TI  - What is a productivity-excellent hospital?

PMID- 3357640
TI  - Primary nursing and job satisfaction.

PMID- 3357641
TI  - Attitudes and perceptions held by impaired nurses.

PMID- 3357642
TI  - Networking: building ourselves through change.

PMID- 3357643
TI  - An intradisciplinary team in a nurse managed center.

PMID- 3357644
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation and third party reimbursement.

PMID- 3357645
TI  - Knowledge about your organizational system is power.

PMID- 3357646
TI  - The effects of primary care nursing and feelings of isolation/depersonalization
      of the critical care nurse: Part II--results of a descriptive-correlational
      study.

PMID- 3357647
TI  - How discharge planners and home health nurses view their patients.

PMID- 3357648
TI  - Operation SST. Supplemental Staffing Team.

PMID- 3357649
TI  - They'd rather fight than switch.

PMID- 3357650
TI  - Team nursing and primary nursing can coexist.

PMID- 3357652
TI  - Corpus luteum activity in tubal pregnancy.
AB  - Corpus luteum activity was monitored in 20 women undergoing nonsurgical
      management of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate and citrovorum factor (N = 15)
      or observation (N = 5). The functional integrity of the corpus luteum was
      assessed by measuring progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Trophoblastic
      viability was assessed by measuring the immunoreactive beta subunit of human
      chorionic gonadotropin. Ten of 15 methotrexate-treated patients demonstrated
      initial progesterone levels above 1.0 ng/mL, declining to levels below 1.0 ng/mL
      after treatment. Five of 15 methotrexate-treated patients and all five managed by
      observation alone demonstrated progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone values
      below 1.0 ng/mL both initially and throughout the surveillance period, leading to
      resolution, indicating previous death of the corpus luteum. We conclude the
      following regarding ectopic pregnancy: 1) Corpus luteum function declines early
      in the biologic history of some gestations while persisting in others, and 2)
      corpus luteum function varies from active to inactive independent of serum levels
      of immunoreactive beta-human chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 3357651
TI  - The corpus luteum: determinants of progesterone secretion in the normal menstrual
      cycle.
AB  - Fourteen normal volunteers were studied during one menstrual cycle. Follicular
      development, the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and the relationship between LH
      and progesterone secretion in the luteal phase were studied to determine the
      factors that control corpus luteum function. Follicular development was assessed
      by measuring follicle size and daily estradiol (E2) levels; the LH surge was
      quantified by determining the area under the curve. Although there was a
      significant positive correlation between mean follicle diameter and E2, these
      same parameters did not correlate with postovulatory progesterone secretion; nor
      did the LH surge correlate with progesterone secretion. A decrease in LH pulse
      frequency occurred in moving from the follicular to the luteal phase. There was a
      trend toward an increase in the late luteal LH pulse frequency compared with the
      midluteal phase, but this was not significant. Progesterone was secreted in an
      intermittent (pulsatile) fashion in the midluteal and late luteal phases. The
      general decrease in progesterone in the latter days of the menstrual cycle
      appears to be due to a decrease in the progesterone pulse amplitude. A
      significant correlation between LH and progesterone was present when the data
      were "smoothed"; however, there was not a significant synchrony for LH and
      progesterone pulses for most of the subjects when the initial data were analyzed
      by objective criteria. Progesterone secretion in the luteal phase is quite
      complex and leads to highly variable serum levels of progesterone when samples
      are obtained at random from normal women.

PMID- 3357653
TI  - The effect of transdermal estradiol on hormone and metabolic dynamics over a six
      week period.
AB  - Seventeen healthy postmenopausal women who had subjectively noted eight or more
      hot flashes per day and who objectively demonstrated four or more vasomotor
      flushes of 1.0C or more during eight hours of continuous thermography were
      studied. They were randomly allocated in a double-blind fashion to either 50
      micrograms/day of transdermal estradiol (E2) patch or placebo. Application of the
      first patch was followed immediately by repeat eight-hour thermography, with
      hourly measurements of E2 and luteinizing hormone (LH). In the transdermal E2
      group only, significant elevations of E2 (mean 91 pg/mL) were noted at two hours,
      and LH was suppressed after eight hours (P less than .05). There was no immediate
      effect on vasomotor flushes. Treatment was continued for six weeks, with daily
      subjective recording of hot flash frequency. Patients on transdermal E2 reported
      a significant (P less than .001) fall in hot flashes over four weeks, after which
      the rate stabilized. An initial decline in the placebo group was not
      statistically different from baseline. Eight-hour thermography was repeated after
      six weeks of treatment. Patients on transdermal E2 demonstrated an 85% decrease
      from baseline in vasomotor flushes (P less than .01). No effect on total
      cholesterol or its subfractions, renin substrate, or aldosterone was found. Serum
      E2 levels fell by 50% in 24 hours after patch removal. Endometrial histology and
      vaginal cytology showed an estrogen effect.

PMID- 3357654
TI  - Detection and titration of class-specific antisperm antibodies in serum using an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An antisperm antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses whole
      unfixed sperm and detects immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in serum was
      developed. Donor sperm were washed and plated on poly-L-lysine-treated microtiter
      plates. The patient's sera were diluted to concentrations of 1:4 to 1:256 and
      incubated with sperm. Positive and negative sera had been previously tested for
      IgG antisperm antibody activity with a radiolabeled antiglobulin assay. Samples
      were considered positive when the mean absorbance of triplicate wells was greater
      than 2 SD above the pooled negative mean. Intra-assay variation was 7.9 and 9.6%
      for pooled negative and positive controls, respectively. Identical titers of
      control positive serum were consistently detected. A correlation of 0.83 was
      observed between ELISA IgG serum titers and radiolabeled antiglobulin results (N
      = 12). All negative samples tested negative in both assays (N = 21). Some serum
      samples showed IgA antisperm antibodies. Determination and titration of class
      specific antibodies in serum should facilitate initial screening and follow-up of
      patients at risk for antisperm antibodies.

PMID- 3357655
TI  - Sperm penetration assay and subsequent pregnancy: a prospective study of 74
      infertile men.
AB  - Seventy-four men of infertile couples, for whom a female infertility factor had
      been excluded, were followed for up to three years after semen analyses that
      included the sperm penetration assay, an in vitro test of sperm function. At 156
      weeks after a normal sperm penetration assay, the cumulative pregnancy rate was
      68%, versus only 27% when an abnormal assay was noted. Cumulative pregnancy
      percents at one year varied significantly (P less than .02) according to the
      magnitude of the assay result (0%, 1-10%, 11-15%, 16% or greater). However,
      differences between 0% versus 1-10%, and 11-15% versus 16% or greater, were not
      statistically significant. Only one of 14 men effected conception after an assay
      result of 0%. These findings were little altered when analysis of the sperm
      penetration assay was restricted to men with normal sperm concentration (20 X
      10(6) sperm mL-1 or greater) and motility (60% or greater). The presence of
      pyospermia (six or more white blood cells per 100 spermatozoa) was associated
      with continued infertility, but neither abnormal sperm concentration nor motility
      were associated significantly with lower cumulative pregnancy percents. When
      performed for infertile men according to standard protocol, the sperm penetration
      assay enhances prediction of future pregnancy.

PMID- 3357656
TI  - Determinants of morbidity in obese women delivered by cesarean.
AB  - Studies examining the increased surgical morbidity among obese gravidas have
      focused mainly on differences in outcome between obese and nonobese mothers.
      Little is known, however, about the cause for worsened operative outcome in obese
      mothers or the potential impact of perioperative interventions. To define more
      precisely the clinical determinants of postoperative morbidity, multivariate
      analysis was used to relate antepartum and intrapartum variables to three
      measures of morbidity in 107 consecutively delivered obese women undergoing
      cesarean. Although obesity is clearly an operative risk factor, this study
      suggested that among obese gravidas, varying degrees of maternal obesity and
      accompanying medical complications, such as diabetes and hypertension, were not
      associated with greater operative morbidity. Furthermore, neither choice of skin
      incision nor type of anesthesia appeared to be related to operative morbidity.
      However, two factors potentially under the control of the clinician, increased
      length of surgery and operative blood loss, were associated significantly with
      measures of operative morbidity. A finding of worsened outcome with prophylactic
      antibiotics and heparin requires further study.

PMID- 3357657
TI  - Improved lactose digestion during pregnancy: a case of physiologic adaptation?
AB  - Loss of intestinal lactase activity among adults could theoretically limit milk
      consumption and hence dietary availability of calcium during pregnancy. The
      present study sought to define, using breath hydrogen (H2) production as an index
      of incomplete carbohydrate absorption, the prevalence during pregnancy of lactose
      maldigestion of 360 mL of milk (18 g of lactose), and to determine whether
      lactose digestion improved as pregnancy advanced. The prevalence of lactose
      maldigestion among 114 pregnant women tested before the 15th week of gestation
      was 54%. By term, 44% of those originally classified as maldigesters had become
      digesters. There was a significant reduction in the four-hour sum of the changes
      in breath H2 concentration from the period before 15 weeks (116.6 +/- 9.6 ppm) to
      the time after 36 weeks (54.4 +/- 7.3 ppm; P less than .01). This apparent
      adaptive improvement in intestinal handling of milk lactose during gestation has
      implications for calcium intake and absorption.

PMID- 3357658
TI  - Postpartum weight change: how much of the weight gained in pregnancy will be lost
      after delivery?
AB  - In a large sample (N = 7116) of women who had two pregnancies within six years,
      the 50th percentile of weight gain between pregnancies was 2 lb (0.9 kg). Weight
      gain in pregnancy, week of registration, cigarette smoking, race, percent of
      ideal body weight, complications of pregnancy, and marital status in the first
      pregnancy, as well as breast-feeding in the hospital and interval between the two
      pregnancies, correlated significantly with interpregnancy weight change, and
      explained 24% of the variance (P less than .0001). Weight gain in the first
      pregnancy alone explained 21% of the variance in weight change between
      pregnancies. After adjustment for the effects of other variables on weight
      change, weight gains in pregnancy of 20 lb (9.1 kg) or more were statistically
      significant (P less than .05); the more weight a woman gained above 20 lb (9.1
      kg), the more she retained by the start of her next pregnancy.

PMID- 3357659
TI  - Pregnancy in bulimic women.
AB  - Four primiparous bulimic women were interviewed. Pregnancy outcome was not
      affected adversely by bulimia. Gestational age ranged from 37-41 weeks, and
      average infant birth weight was 3121 g. Maternal weight gain averaged 40 lb.
      Bulimic behaviors decreased during pregnancy, but returned to prepregnant levels
      after delivery in three of the four women.

PMID- 3357660
TI  - Typhoid fever in pregnancy.
AB  - Fourteen cases of typhoid fever complicating pregnancy are presented. The
      diagnosis was confirmed by blood cultures in 13 patients and by a rising Widal
      titer in one. Stool cultures were positive in only two out of five patients;
      urine cultures in 12 patients and cervical cultures in five patients were all
      negative. The clinical presentation was similar to the description in older
      reports, except for the absence of relative bradycardia. Hypothermic response to
      antipyretics was frequently observed. Patients were treated with either
      chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or amoxicillin, with satisfactory response. Typhoid
      fever diagnosed in the latter part of the second trimester and third trimester
      and treated early did not seem to alter the neonatal outcome.

PMID- 3357661
TI  - Toluene abuse and renal tubular acidosis in pregnancy.
AB  - Five gravidas presented with severe renal tubular acidosis from paint sniffing.
      Normal acid-base balance returned within 72 hours with cessation of toluene abuse
      and standard supportive measures. Fetal heart tracings and dynamic ultrasound
      parameters were normal in four of five cases. Three of five infants were growth
      retarded at birth; two showed anomalies and neonatal hyperchloremic acidosis.
      These and previous cases of renal tubular acidosis in pregnancy suggest that
      toluene is teratogenic.

PMID- 3357662
TI  - The role of infection in the etiology of preterm birth.
AB  - The hypothesis that infection induces or is a precursor to preterm birth or
      premature rupture of the membranes was examined in a prospective study of 193
      randomly selected pregnant women. We investigated the prognostic significance of
      factors that suggest infection of the uterine cavity before pregnancy, such as a
      history of pelvic inflammatory disease, a history of intrauterine contraceptive
      device (IUD) use, multiple sex partners, and the presence of antisperm
      antibodies, in relation to premature rupture of the membranes and preterm birth.
      Sexual activity, a potential vehicle for bacterial exchange, was also charted
      throughout pregnancy via monthly interviews. We performed immunologic tests on
      each patient and obtained cultures of the cervix for aerobic and anaerobic
      bacteria and chlamydia at the first visit, occurring at six to 14 weeks'
      gestation, and again at 36 weeks. The results suggest that infection may indeed
      play a causative role in premature rupture of the membranes or preterm birth. A
      strong correlation was found between preterm birth and both a history of pelvic
      inflammatory disease (P = .004) and a history of IUD use (P = .0015). Amnionitis
      was associated with the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antisperm antibodies
      (P = .02), as well as with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (P = .0006).
      There was also a correlation between premature rupture of the membranes and a
      history of multiple sex partners (P = .02). This collective evidence implicates
      preexisting infection of the uterine cavity as a predisposing factor in premature
      rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery, and amnionitis.

PMID- 3357663
TI  - The effect of intraumbilical oxytocin on the third stage of labor.
AB  - To determine whether intraumbilical oxytocin would shorten the third stage of
      labor, we enrolled 50 normal parturients into a randomized, double-blind
      protocol. Either 10 U of oxytocin diluted to 20 mL in normal saline (25 subjects)
      or 20 mL of normal saline alone (25 subjects) was injected into the placental
      circulation within one minute after cord clamping. The mean (+/- SD) duration of
      the third stage was 4.1 +/- 2.0 minutes in saline-treated subjects and 4.6 +/-
      3.4 minutes in those treated with oxytocin. Intraumbilical oxytocin was not
      effective in shortening the normal third stage of labor.

PMID- 3357664
TI  - Prognostic features of carcinoma of the fallopian tube.
AB  - One hundred fifteen women with carcinoma of the fallopian tube were examined in
      this retrospective review. A third of the patients were nulliparous and 37% had
      evidence of old pelvic inflammatory disease. The most common symptoms were
      bleeding, pain, and/or vaginal discharge. Prognostic factors that predicted death
      from tumor were the presence of extratubal disease at initial surgery and the
      bulk of residual tumor left after the initial surgery. With disease limited to
      the fallopian tube, the depth of invasion of the tubal wall was correlated with
      the risk of treatment failure. Among patients with disease limited to their
      fallopian tubes, there was no statistically significant improvement in survival
      with the addition of either pelvic irradiation or single-agent chemotherapy.
      Among women with extrapelvic disease, survival improved significantly with the
      use of cis-platinum-containing multiagent chemotherapy.

PMID- 3357665
TI  - Clinicopathologic findings in endometrial polyps.
AB  - A study of endometrial polyps in biopsy specimens of symptomatic women showed 311
      cases in a population of 1305 patients, an incidence of 23.8%. The highest
      incidence was seen in the fifth decade of life, and approximately one-fifth
      occurred after menopause. More than half of the subjects complained of
      metrorrhagia. Nearly half of the endometria exhibited proliferative changes;
      basal-type polyps accounted for only one-fifth of the total.

PMID- 3357666
TI  - Assessment of intraperitoneal adhesion formation in a rat model: can a
      procoagulant substance prevent adhesions?
AB  - Previous studies have shown oxidized cellulose to decrease adhesion formation in
      rats. A recent report showed a decrease in adhesions after application of a
      fibrin sealant containing thrombin, fibrinogen, and aprotinin, raising the
      question of whether procoagulants block adhesions by something other than a
      mechanical barrier effect. To assess the value of a procoagulant in preventing
      adhesion formation, we compared the efficacy of thrombin with that of oxidized
      cellulose in decreasing postoperative adhesions in rats. Eighty-five Sprague
      Dawley rats underwent midline abdominal incisions and subsequent removal of a
      small area of right anterior abdominal wall peritoneum. Defects were left open or
      were closed with interrupted sutures and then treated with thrombin, oxidized
      cellulose, or nothing. Results obtained at postmortem seven days later showed a
      decrease in adhesion number and severity among animals treated with oxidized
      cellulose. No such effect was noted in the thrombin group. No treatment increased
      adhesion formation. We conclude that although oxidized cellulose appears to be of
      some benefit in decreasing postoperative adhesion formation in the rat, thrombin
      alone shows no similar effect. Further conclusions regarding adhesion induction,
      histologic correlates of adhesion formation, and validity of some methods of
      adhesion analysis are also addressed.

PMID- 3357667
TI  - Perinatal law and ethics rounds.
AB  - Advances in perinatal medicine have increased the complexity of the clinical
      decision-making process. Medical education curricula have paid little attention
      to exploring the ethical and legal aspects of these decisions. In response to
      this perceived need, we initiated a case-oriented teaching program in perinatal
      law and ethics. The goals of the program included the following: to develop
      skills in "moral diagnosis" and analysis (the ability to interpret and analyze
      clinical cases from a moral point of view); to understand the relevant laws; to
      appreciate the ethical and legal relationships between the pregnant woman, her
      fetus, and the professionals; and to encourage open and frank discussion of these
      important issues. The teaching rounds, led by a lawyer and ethicist, were held
      monthly, and included all professionals who care for pregnant women and their
      newborns. A patient was presented in lay language, stressing the ethical or legal
      issue raised by the case. Cases could be separated into five categories:
      questions concerning abortion, issues of maternal-fetal conflict, labor
      management in extreme prematurity or fetal abnormality, innovative therapy, and
      the psychological concerns of difficult decisions. Careful case analysis with an
      in-depth discussion of the ethical principles and legal precedents on which
      decisions are based appears to be an effective and useful educational exercise.
      This approach to perinatal teaching can prepare professionals to deal with
      exigent situations that may occur in practice.

PMID- 3357668
TI  - Pleuroamniotic shunting for decompression of fetal pleural effusions.
AB  - Pleuroamniotic shunting was performed at 22-35 weeks' gestation in 11 fetuses
      with pleural effusions. Eight of the infants, born two to 16 weeks after
      shunting, had no evidence of pulmonary hypoplasia. Three died in the neonatal
      period; one because of pseudomonas septicemia, one because of pulmonary
      hypoplasia caused by an associated diaphragmatic hernia, and the third because of
      a major cardiac defect. Pleural effusions and their prenatal decompression offer
      an experimental human model for the study of the effect of intrathoracic
      compression on pulmonary development.

PMID- 3357669
TI  - Antenatal screening for thalassemia minor.
AB  - This report describes the findings of a screening program of 918 obstetric
      patients for thalassemia minor. Patients with erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume
      (MCV) less than 80 fL on initial complete blood count were evaluated with serum
      iron, total iron binding capacity, quantitative hemoglobin electrophoresis, and
      trial of iron replacement. A diagnosis of thalassemia minor was made when
      microcytosis persisted after exclusion of iron deficiency or other causes of
      erythrocyte microcytosis. Twenty-six women (2.8% of those screened) had an
      initial MCV less than 80 fL. Three cases of previously unsuspected thalassemia
      minor were detected (one alpha-thalassemia, two beta-thalassemia). Of 17 well
      documented cases of iron deficiency, 16 had a hemoglobin level above 11 g/dL on
      initial complete blood count and would not have been otherwise detected until
      much later in gestation. A simple screening program can effectively identify
      pregnant women with unrecognized thalassemia minor and can also detect patients
      with iron deficiency before they become anemic.

PMID- 3357670
TI  - An instrument for the recovery of preimplantation uterine ova.
AB  - This report describes an instrument to recover fertilized ova from the human
      uterus without anesthesia. Two hundred sixty-five lavages were performed on 20
      normal and presumed fertile women and on seven infertile women. Using 60 mL of
      fluid, median fluid recovery was 97% (range 65-100%). In the fertile women, ova
      were recovered in 40 of 90 insemination cycles (44%). Complications were rare
      (3%), but included two retained pregnancies, three minor pelvic infections, three
      occurrences of catheter kinking on insertion, and one failure to obtain
      insertion. Reproductive function in the subjects after repeated use does not
      appear to be impaired.

PMID- 3357671
TI  - More caution stressed in AIDS labs.

PMID- 3357672
TI  - Out of sound is out of sight: hearing protection falls short.

PMID- 3357673
TI  - Hazards of working in cold weather include frostbite, hypothermia.

PMID- 3357674
TI  - Work-related stress controllable if management reacts positively.

PMID- 3357675
TI  - ANSI eye protection rules' focus shifts from design to performance.

PMID- 3357676
TI  - Proper drug testing procedures require lab analysis accuracy.

PMID- 3357677
TI  - Respirator fit testing procedures: asbestos application requirements.

PMID- 3357678
TI  - Final AHERA 'compromise' includes inspections, written plans, actions.

PMID- 3357679
TI  - S&H professionals face product liability dangers.

PMID- 3357681
TI  - Scoliosis.

PMID- 3357680
TI  - Encapsulation attractive alternative to expensive asbestos removal costs.

PMID- 3357682
TI  - Selection of fusion levels for posterior instrumentation and fusion in idiopathic
      scoliosis.
AB  - The selection of fusion levels in idiopathic scoliosis is an important decision.
      Careful analysis of curve patterns and preoperative planning will help with the
      fusion and in the selection of fusion levels. The goal of treatment is to achieve
      a stable, balanced spine and yet maintain as much flexibility in the lumbar spine
      as possible. This article helps establish guidelines for curve analysis and the
      selection of fusion levels.

PMID- 3357683
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis posterior spine fusion with Harrington rod and sublaminar
      wiring.
AB  - The Harrington-sublaminar wiring technique has been used to treat idiopathic
      scoliosis for over 6 years. In all cases, satisfactory correction was obtained.
      The advantages of this technique include biomechanically stable fixation,
      elimination of a postoperative support or simple immobilization in removable
      underarm orthoses, and the ability to correct a two-plane deformity (i.e.,
      lordoscoliosis). The potential disadvantages include increased operating time
      over Harrington rod alone, possible neural injury, and failure of
      instrumentation.

PMID- 3357684
TI  - Harrington instrumentation with spinous process wiring for idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - To provide the stability of segmental spinal instrumentation without the risk
      associated with the passing of sublaminar wires, a technique of SSI was developed
      that uses the base of the spinous process as a site for purchase. To provide a
      broad attachment to the spinous process, a button-wire implant was developed. The
      rods used are a Harrington distraction rod for the concave side of the curve and
      a Luque rod for the convexity. Both are attached to the spine at each level by
      the button-wire implant. Biomechanical testing confirms that the implant provides
      load sharing, an advantage over wire alone, and that the instrumented spine is
      stable when compared with other systems. Clinical review showed approximately 60
      per cent correction of the average curve, a small correction loss, and a better
      sagittal alignment than achieved previously with Harrington distraction alone.
      Complications were few.

PMID- 3357685
TI  - Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - This article describes some of the basic techniques using the Cotrel-Dubousset
      instrumentation in idiopathic scoliosis. Multiple illustrations will allow the
      reader to visualize the rationale behind the technique and to become familiar
      with some of its intricate details.

PMID- 3357686
TI  - Anterior spine fusion with Zielke instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis in
      adolescents.
AB  - Anterior Zielke instrumentation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curvatures can
      provide excellent correction of thoracolumbar and lumbar curvatures, with
      substantial correction of rotational deformity. This correction allows fewer
      number of vertebrae to be fused, thereby leaving more normal lumbar motion
      segments distal to the fusion and decreasing the likelihood of lumbar spondylosis
      in later life. Anterior spinal surgery introduces a new set of intraoperative
      challenges that may be unfamiliar to the traditional posterior spine deformity
      surgeon. A slightly less cosmetically acceptable thoracotomy incision scar and
      the fact that a postoperative orthosis is required are disadvantages that are
      outweighed by the fewer number of motion segments that need to be involved in the
      fusion mass, as well as the superior correction.

PMID- 3357687
TI  - Congenital scoliosis.
AB  - Congenital scoliosis, those scoliotic deformities owing to congenitally anomalous
      vertebrae, was for many years the least understood of the major causes of
      scoliosis. This was a result of the wide variety of anomalies, the variable
      natural history, the poor results of bracing, and the meager correction obtained
      at surgery. The past 20 years have, however, brought major understandings about
      the natural history and far better programs of treatment. This article provides a
      summary of these advances for the reader and defines the current state of
      understanding.

PMID- 3357688
TI  - A 1988 perspective on the Galveston technique of pelvic fixation.
AB  - The Galveston technique for pelvic fixation was used in 40 patients who underwent
      scoliosis surgery with pelvic fixation at The University of Texas Medical Branch
      from February 1980 through June 1987. Analysis of the outcomes indicates that
      extension of a scoliosis fusion to the pelvis can be undertaken with excellent
      chance for success and without the necessity of routine postsurgical casting or
      bracing. Accurate contouring of the L-rod implant and meticulous fusion technique
      are essential to success.

PMID- 3357689
TI  - Considerations in the treatment of cerebral palsy patients with spinal
      deformities.
AB  - The natural history of spinal deformities in the cerebral palsy patient is
      different than that in the idiopathic patient. Consequently, the approach to the
      patient with cerebral palsy and the surgical decision-making are different from
      that in the idiopathic patient. The present article gives the UTMB approach to
      the treatment of the cerebral palsy patient and the unique considerations that
      must be taken into account when treating these patients. Specific references are
      made to the use of L-rod instrumentation to stabilize the spinal deformity in the
      cerebral palsy patient.

PMID- 3357690
TI  - The spine in osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The natural history and treatment of spinal deformity is presented in light of
      the radiographic severity of the disease. The radiographic findings are grouped
      according to the changes over time and are prognostically significant for
      ambulation, spinal deformity, and life span.

PMID- 3357691
TI  - [Delivery in twin pregnancy].

PMID- 3357692
TI  - [Management of varicocele by percutaneous sclerosing of the internal spermatic
      vein].

PMID- 3357694
TI  - Diagnostic imaging in otolaryngology--I: The ear.

PMID- 3357693
TI  - [Teratological evaluation of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in Hungary].

PMID- 3357695
TI  - Otogenic intracranial inflammations: role of CT.
AB  - This article reviews the authors' results using CT in the diagnosis of 18
      selected patients who were clinically suspected of having otogenic intracranial
      complications, demonstrating with illustrative examples the important role of CT
      in diagnosing various stages of acute coalescent mastoiditis and its associated
      complications.

PMID- 3357697
TI  - PNA seeks to maintain strong nursing voice.

PMID- 3357696
TI  - Cholesteatoma of the middle ear and mastoid. A comparison of CT scan and
      operative findings.
AB  - High-resolution CT scanning accurately depicts the status of the structures of
      the temporal bone, allowing delineation of pathology prior to surgical
      exploration of ears with cholesteatoma. It provides information concerning
      location and extent of disease as well as possible anatomic variations and
      complications that may be encountered. The main advantages of CT scanning over
      polytomography are superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and improved spatial
      detail at a reduced radiation dose for the patient.

PMID- 3357698
TI  - Health care leaders formulate recruitment and retention action plan.

PMID- 3357699
TI  - [Effect of the hybridization of Schistosoma mansoni strains on the degree of
      compatibility of the parthenitae with their mollusk intermediate hosts].
AB  - After-effects of hybridization of S. mansoni strains, having Biomphalaria
      pfeifferi as an intermediate host, have been revealed for the first time. The
      crossing of two african strains (malarial-M and guinea-G), which have different
      compatibility rates with their specific intermediate hosts, has shown that
      hybrids display a higher virulence in respect to molluscs-hosts than maternal
      strains. The compatibility rate of the first generation hybrids with B. pfeifferi
      decreased, the breachs in the compatibility being the more significant the higher
      the degree of adaptation between the maternal strain and specific intermediate
      host. The infectiousness of the second generation hybrids in respect to molluscs
      of two populations of B. pfeifferi (M and G) virtually did not differ and varied
      in the ranges of mean values between the initial infectiousness of two maternal
      strains.

PMID- 3357700
TI  - [The manifestation of sexual dimorphism in the preimago phases of 2 species of
      the genus Hyalomma (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)].
AB  - Experiments on laboratory cultures of Hyalomma asiaticum and H. anatolicum have
      shown that at the nymphal phase sexual dimorphism manifests itself in
      statistically reliable differences between general sizes and mass of the body of
      male and female individuals. Larger nymphs moult mostly into females, small ones
      mostly into males. Reliable differences have been noted in the sizes of scutum,
      gnathosoma and its appendages in male and female nymphs of both species. At the
      larval phase sexual dimorphism does not manifest itself in the sizes of
      individuals.

PMID- 3357702
TI  - The management of diabetes in orthopaedic patients (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3357701
TI  - [Poisoning by copper sulfate of Lymnaea stagnalis infected with trematode
      parthenitae].
AB  - The effect of different concentrations of copper sulphate on the content level of
      carotinoid pigments in the haemolymph of Lymnaea stagnalis infected with
      parthenitae of trematodes was studied. The content level of carotinoid pigments
      in haemolymph of molluscs steadily decreases with an increasing concentration of
      the toxicant. The mortality of experimental animals under such conditions rises
      considerably, the mortality of infected animals being much higher than that of
      non-infected ones.

PMID- 3357703
TI  - Information needs of parents of a child in a Pavlik harness.

PMID- 3357704
TI  - Certification and the job analysis.

PMID- 3357705
TI  - Assessment for arthritis.

PMID- 3357706
TI  - Functional deficiency of REM sleep and its role in the pathogenesis of neurotic
      and psychosomatic disturbances.

PMID- 3357707
TI  - Amphetamine effects on unconditional and conditional instrumental responses with
      alimentary and social rewards in dogs.
AB  - The effect of amphetamine dose (0.5 mg per 1 kg) on conditional and unconditional
      responses based on alimentary and social motivation was investigated in two
      groups of dogs. Amphetamine resulted in a significant decrease of conditional
      instrumental responses (CRs) in both groups but did not attenuate significantly
      the dogs' need for food or petting. On the contrary, the drug drastically
      increased the dogs' need for petting, and its anorectic effect was mild. The
      deteriorating effect of amphetamine on mnemonic processes and its facilitatory
      effect on behaviors directed to get more than the usual amount of pleasant
      tactile stimulation might underlie the behavioral changes described in this
      study.

PMID- 3357708
TI  - Does heart rate differentiate neurotic from normal people in a conditional reflex
      test?
AB  - This study is to compare heart reactivity between normals and anxiety neurotic
      patients. Five male and five female patients with anxiety neurosis and four male
      and five female normal persons were submitted to classic delayed conditional
      reflexes with different probabilities of reinforcement (shock), to a defensive
      instrumental conditional reflex, and to a neutral nonreinforced stimulus. The
      basal heart frequency was higher in neurotics and in women than in normals and
      men. The conditional stimulus (CS) associated with a shock generally produced a
      bradycardia in normal individuals and in neurotic men, but a tachycardia in
      neurotic women (effects most pronounced in cases with 100% shock probability).
      The instrumental CS caused a tachycardia in all of the groups, with highest
      values in neurotic women. The neutral stimulus produced bradycardia in all
      persons. The aftereffect of the light stimulus depended on whether a shock was
      administered and on the CS. The differences between neurotics and normals are
      explained as caused by the heightened excitatory level of the CNS of the neurotic
      group, produced by the unspecific activating effect of chronic anxiety, and
      differences of plastic processes in both groups, resulting in different effects
      of phasic anxiety on the heart. Complex inhibitory-excitatory interactions of the
      sympathetic and the vagal system underlying the heart rate changes may be
      assumed. Possible mechanisms leading to sex differences are discussed.

PMID- 3357709
TI  - Verbal conditioning of stimulus significance in the orienting response context:
      an exploration demonstrating a new personality effect.
AB  - The manipulation of stimulus significance, by instructions from the experimenter,
      may be taken as an example of verbal conditioning. Consideration of such a
      mechanism suggested that personality effects previously found in conditioning
      studies should be apparent in instructional manipulations of significance in a
      study of the orienting response (OR) to words. Because of recent changes in
      dimensioning of the personality structure, some of the items originally used to
      define Eysenck's extraversion (E) dimension are now used to assess the new
      dimension of psychoticism (P), suggesting that at least some of the established
      effects of E upon conditioning may be associated now with P. Hence the P scale
      was focused on in this study. Words differing on the evaluative dimension of the
      semantic differential were presented in three blocks, the first under indifferent
      instructions, the second under instructions to rate the words for their affective
      impact, and the third under indifferent instructions again. These blocks
      correspond to baseline, conditioning, and extinction conditions respectively.
      Electrodermal activity indicated enhanced conditioning, together with greater
      carry-over effects in the extinction phase, for low-P compared with high-P
      subjects. The results indicate the importance of personality effects in studies
      of stimulus significance and illustrate the value of the verbal conditioning
      mechanism in this area of the OR field. They also suggest the need to re-examine
      previously obtained E-effects in conditioning studies in light of changing
      personality tests.

PMID- 3357710
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for measuring the conditional emotional response.
      II: On-the-baseline excitatory conditioning and extinction.
AB  - The present study outlines a rapid and sensitive on-the-baseline conditional
      emotional response (CER) procedure. Using rats as the experimental subject, the
      method detects delay conditioning, incubation, extinction and spontaneous
      recovery. In addition, the method detects conditional responding using electric
      shock ranging from 0.23 to 0.50 mA as the unconditional stimulus. Because of its
      speed and sensitivity, the method shelters the subject from unnecessary long-term
      deprivation and pain.

PMID- 3357711
TI  - Long latency auditory evoked potentials: intensity, inter-stimulus interval, and
      habituation.
AB  - Experiment 1 elicited the P1, N1, P2, and N2 components of the long latency
      auditory evoked potential (AEP) using a 1000 Hz tone presented at 30, 50, or 70
      dB SPL and 1-, 3-, or 5-second inter-stimulus intervals to assess the relative
      effects of the combination of these variables on component amplitude and latency.
      Four blocks of 16 tone presentations each were recorded from each subject to
      determine if changes in the AEP would occur because of short-term habituation.
      Both stimulus factors interacted significantly in a systematic fashion for the
      amplitude measures, with increases in latency also associated with increases in
      intensity and inter-stimulus interval. Only minor changes across the four trial
      blocks for either the amplitude or latency measures were observed over the
      various stimulus presentation conditions. Experiment 2 employed the same tone
      stimulus presented at 50 dB SPL and a 3-second inter-stimulus interval. Eight
      blocks of 64 trials were recorded from each subject on each day for four days to
      investigate long-term habituation effects. No substantial changes in any of the
      component amplitudes or latencies were obtained across the 32 trial blocks. It
      was concluded that intensity and inter-stimulus interval interact to determine
      AEP amplitude as well as latency values and that the constituent components do
      not change appreciably with repeated stimulus presentations, even after several
      days.

PMID- 3357712
TI  - Amphetamine increases intertrial but not conditional instrumental responding in
      the cortico-basomedial amygdalar dogs.
AB  - The effect of partial cortico-basomedial amygdaloid lesions on dogs' social
      behavior was investigated. The lesions did not affect the conditional
      instrumental responding (CRs) reinforced by petting or the dogs' need for petting
      (US). The lesions increased the number of intertrial responses (ITRs) in all
      dogs. Subsequently the effect of low amphetamine doses (0.5 mg/l kg) administered
      intramuscularly to the amygdalar animals on the same behavioral parameters of the
      social behavior was examined. Amphetamine did not affect CRs but dramatically
      increased the ITRs and dogs' need for petting. These findings suggest that the
      cortico-basomedial amygdaloid region may be involved in the cortical inhibitory
      mechanisms that are indispensable for promoting behavioral acts according to
      their usefulness and the situational context.

PMID- 3357713
TI  - Outpatient therapy of serious pediatric infections with ceftriaxone.
AB  - Convalescent outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone was
      evaluated in an uncontrolled study of 101 children with documented serious
      bacterial infections, including meningitis. Criteria for outpatient therapy were
      established to assure that risks of complications from the illness were minimal
      at the time of discharge from the hospital. Daily physician visits and motivated,
      capable parents were considered essential in outpatient management. Ceftriaxone
      was given once daily to children with non-central nervous system infections and
      once or twice daily intravenously to children with meningitis. The mean durations
      of therapy for children with non-central nervous system infections and with
      meningitis were 2.4 and 4.6 days, respectively. No child enrolled in this study
      was readmitted to the hospital for medical or social reasons. Probable
      complications of treatment included diarrhea in 13% of children with meningitis
      and in 6% of children with non-central nervous system infections. One child with
      meningitis developed pseudomembranous colitis. For children who are infected with
      bacteria that are highly susceptible to ceftriaxone, single daily dose outpatient
      therapy is a reasonable option for management if a good clinical response to
      initial treatment is demonstrated and the risks of complications of the disease
      process are negligible.

PMID- 3357714
TI  - Evaluation of an intervention program for head lice infestation in school
      children.
AB  - In order to investigate the point prevalence rate of pediculosis capitis (human
      head lice) among children in the southern region of Israel, 1431 elementary
      school children (6 to 15 years old), representing rural and urban environments,
      were examined and characterized by sociodemographic variables. An intervention
      program was initiated immediately after the first examination, which included
      "health education" for children and parents and free medicated shampoo (with
      pediculocides) provided for each child detected as "positive." The intervention
      program was evaluated by a second examination performed on the same population
      after an interval of 1 month. Fifty-five percent of the children (793 of 1431)
      were found to be infested with one of the markers of head lice, with the highest
      rate in kibbutz children (80%) and the lowest rate (37%) among children who live
      in an urban neighborhood of high socioeconomic status. Analysis of various
      characteristics (related to the children screened in this study) revealed that
      crowding was the main factor contributing to the variation in the rates of
      infestation. Evaluation of the intervention program revealed a significant
      success in reducing head lice infestation that was not influenced by variation in
      socioeconomic status or place of residence.

PMID- 3357715
TI  - Urinary lactic acid dehydrogenase activity and the site of urinary tract
      infections.
AB  - A report that elevated urinary lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme 5
      activity is a reliable tool for separating patients with upper from those with
      lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) led us to study urinary LDH enzyme activity
      in girls having bladder washout studies to localize the site of infection.
      Urinary LDH isoenzyme 5 activity in 64 instances of lower UTI was 16.1 +/- 3.3%,
      a value not significantly different than that of 18.2 +/- 12.6% found in 26
      instances of upper tract infection (t = 0.8726, P = 0.1928). The data show that
      LDH isoenzyme 5 activity is of no value for localization of the site of a UTI.
      The data of these studies also showed that urinary LDH enzyme activity clearly
      separates girls with UTIs from those without infections, but it is unlikely that
      this finding will be of value in diagnosis or management.

PMID- 3357716
TI  - Outbreak of echovirus 11 infection in hospitalized neonates.
AB  - Between July 18 and August 5, 1986, a cluster of echovirus 11 infections occurred
      in hospitalized neonates. Ten infants were affected and one died. All cases
      occurring after the index case were infants who were in the nursery for at least
      1 day when the index patient was also present. Risk factors for secondary
      infection included low birth weight or gestational age and receipt of
      antibiotics, red blood cell transfusions, nasogastric intubation or gavage
      feedings. Because viral infection had not been suspected in the index patient,
      isolation measures were not instituted until after onset of secondary cases. We
      conclude that more severely ill infants receiving intensive levels of care are at
      increased risk for nosocomial enteroviral infection. These infants may have a
      greater likelihood of exposure to the virus and/or increased host susceptibility.
      Outbreaks caused by cross-infection may be preventable by early recognition of
      patients colonized or infected with potentially pathogenic agents and prompt
      institution of appropriate isolation measures.

PMID- 3357717
TI  - Hepatic and splenic abscesses in cat-scratch disease.

PMID- 3357718
TI  - Recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from stool samples submitted for ova and
      parasite examination in a Minnesota pediatric population.

PMID- 3357719
TI  - Kawasaki disease with atypical presentation.

PMID- 3357720
TI  - Relatively penicillin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis in an
      adolescent.

PMID- 3357721
TI  - Is histamine responsible for the symptoms of rhinovirus colds? A look at the
      inflammatory mediators following infection.
AB  - In an attempt to identify inflammatory mediators that may contribute to
      rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and other cold symptoms, we recruited 40 healthy
      young adults (median age, 20) for provocative rhinovirus challenge. Mediators
      measured included histamine, kinins and enzymes with arginine esterase activity.
      Volunteers were inoculated with rhinovirus or a sham inoculum. Nasal secretions
      for viral culture were obtained daily, and volunteers were deemed infected if
      they shed virus or had a 4-fold or greater increase in serum antibody titer. The
      virus-infected group was subdivided using the Jackson criteria into an ill or non
      ill group; each group was compared to the control group. Of the 27 virus
      inoculated subjects, 25 had positive cultures for the challenge virus, and 15
      became ill. None of the controls had a positive culture. All variables measured-
      except histamine--grew stronger in direct relationship with the symptoms as the
      cold increased in severity. In the infected-ill group, the mean kinin level
      increased more than 10-fold over baseline. The kinin level remained relatively
      unchanged in the control and non-ill groups. Similar results were found for
      levels of albumin and enzymes with arginine esterase activity. Histamine levels
      remained constant in both the infected-ill and non-ill groups, which suggests
      that mast cells and basophils do not participate in the pathophysiology of
      rhinovirus infections and that antihistamines should be ineffective in treating
      rhinovirus colds. Since volunteers who developed cold symptoms exhibited a
      notable increase in kinin, a potent inflammatory mediator, we recommend further
      study of a kinin antagonist in reducing nasal symptoms.

PMID- 3357722
TI  - Coronary risk incidence of obese adolescents: reduction by exercise plus diet
      intervention.
AB  - The incidence of coronary heart disease risk factors and the effects of 20 weeks
      of diet and exercise were studied in 36 obese adolescents. Values for the
      following risk factors were determined: serum triglyceride level, high-density
      lipoprotein-cholesterol level, total cholesterol level, systolic and diastolic
      BP, maximum work capacity, obesity, and presence of coronary heart disease in the
      family history. Of the subjects, 97% had four or more risk factors. Two subjects
      possessed all eight risk factors. The adolescents were randomly assigned to
      either a control, diet therapy and behavior change, or exercise, diet therapy,
      and behavior change group. From pre- to posttreatment, a 14.8% and 41.4%
      reduction in multiple risk was noted for the latter two groups, respectively. No
      significant difference between the control group and the diet and behavior change
      group was found. In contrast, the exercise-diet-behavior change group reduced
      multiple risk (P less than .01) more than either of the other groups. It was
      concluded that obese adolescents are at high risk for the development of coronary
      heart disease and that exercise in addition to moderate dietary restriction can
      result in the reduction of multiple coronary heart disease risk.

PMID- 3357723
TI  - Childhood asthma: prevention of attacks with short-term corticosteroid treatment
      of upper respiratory tract infection.
AB  - In this study, the potential for short courses of glucocorticoids to prevent or
      reduce the severity of asthma induced by viral respiratory infections in
      preschool children was investigated. Two groups of children with a mean age of
      36.4 +/- 3.9 months and 40.4 +/- 4.9 months were monitored during a 2-year
      period. Group 1, considered as the control group, received theophylline
      preparations and orciprenaline either on a continuous basis or during attacks.
      During severe attacks, albuterol was administered by nebulization, with
      corticosteroids occasionally added for seven to 14 days in cases of poor response
      to albuterol. Group 2 received the same treatment during the first year. During
      the second year, however, a short-term course of prednisone (1 mg/kg) was given
      as soon as the first symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection appeared,
      prior to any signs of wheezing. Results indicate that, whereas morbidity remained
      constant in the control group during the 2-year observation period, a significant
      decrease in the number of wheezing days (65%), attacks (56%), visits to the
      emergency room (61%), and hospitalizations (90%) occurred in group 2. It was
      concluded that preschool children who suffer from repeated asthma attacks related
      to upper respiratory tract infections may benefit greatly from the preventive
      administration of corticosteroids.

PMID- 3357724
TI  - Pentobarbital therapy does not improve neurologic outcome in nearly drowned,
      flaccid-comatose children.
AB  - The effect of pentobarbital therapy was studied prospectively in 31 nearly
      drowned children in a flaccid state of coma. Each child was assigned to one of
      two sequential treatment groups. Group A: 16 children were treated with
      hypothermia and IV pentobarbital, achieving serum levels greater than 25 mu/mL
      within 48 hours of admission. Group B: 15 children were treated with hypothermia
      but no pentobarbital. All patients received "conventional therapy" (ie, PaCO2 20
      to 25 mm Hg, PaO2 90 to 100 mm Hg, fluid restriction, pancuronium bromide, and
      furosemide or mannitol). Analysis of variance failed to detect differences for
      age, estimated time of submersion, arterial pH, core temperature, and mean
      intracranial pressure between the patients prior to treatment with pentobarbital.
      In Group A, six patients (37%) recovered completely and were neurologically
      intact, six patients (37%) had severe brain damage and four patients (26%) died.
      In Group B, six patients (40%) recovered completely, six patients (40%) survived
      with brain damage, and three patients (20%) died. There were no statistical
      differences between the two groups (P greater than .05, chi 2 analysis) for the
      mortality rate, survival with brain damage, and complete recovery. The results
      suggest that: (1) pentobarbital therapy does not improve neurologic outcome for
      nearly drowned, flaccid-comatose children; (2) previous claims implying better
      outcome with hypothermia combined with pentobarbital therapy may be attributed to
      the effect of hypothermia alone; and (3) pentobarbital therapy may not be
      justified in nearly drowned, flaccid-comatose victims.

PMID- 3357725
TI  - Clinically unsuspected hypoxia during sleep and feeding in infants with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a high incidence of sudden,
      unexplained death in the postneonatal period; yet the cause of these deaths is
      unknown. It was hypothesized that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia,
      thought to be well oxygenated based on awake PaO2 values, would have clinically
      unsuspected arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep and that these would
      correlate with the severity of pulmonary function abnormalities. The infants
      studied were 14 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 15 who were preterm, had no
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but did have neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,
      and eight who were full term and used for control at 37 to 45 weeks
      postconception. Continuous noninvasive monitoring of oxygenation (arterial oxygen
      saturation [SaO2, pulse oximetry] and transcutaneous oxygen tension was performed
      during sleep, wakefulness, and feeding. Greater than 80% of each recording was
      free of artifact for SaO2. Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and
      respiratory distress syndrome spent greater time at SaO2 less than 90% than
      control infants. Most desaturations occurred during feeding and to a lesser
      extent during wakefulness, active sleep, and quiet sleep. Episodes of
      desaturation (SaO2 less than 90%) lasted 15 to 20 seconds and were not associated
      with apnea, bradycardia, cyanosis, or changes in transcutaneous PO2. Only infants
      with bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed severe desaturations (SaO2 less than 80%).
      Total desaturation in those infants correlated with airway resistance (body
      pressure plethysmography). Abnormal pneumographic findings did not predict
      abnormal desaturations. It was concluded that clinically unsuspected oxygen
      desaturation occurs frequently in preterm infants with and without
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and profound hypoxemia may be responsible for sudden
      unexplained deaths in these infants.

PMID- 3357726
TI  - Day-care center exclusion of sick children: comparison of opinions of day-care
      staff, working mothers, and pediatricians.
AB  - Day-care center staff are often faced with the decision of whether to send sick
      children home. Some pediatricians may question the criteria used by day-care
      centers to exclude children who have mild infectious illnesses. To determine
      whether there is a consensus on illness policy, we asked day-care center staff,
      mothers, and pediatricians which sick children in day care should be excluded.
      Randomly selected day-care center staff, mothers, and pediatricians in three
      North Carolina counties completed self-administered questionnaires. We asked how
      combinations of temperature and symptoms that occur with common childhood
      infections should affect the staff's decisions to "call the parent for immediate
      pickup." Response rates were 302 of 347 staff (87%), 134 of 200 mothers (67%),
      and 69 of 80 pediatricians (86%). A temperature of 37.2 degrees to 37.7 degrees C
      (99 degrees to 99.9 degrees F) was considered a fever by 35% of staff, 24% of
      mothers, and 6% of pediatricians (P less than .01). At every level of elevated
      temperature from 37.2 degrees to 38.9 degrees C (99 degrees to 102 degrees F),
      day-care center staff were more likely to request immediate pickup than mothers
      or pediatricians (P less than .01). For each of eight symptoms and for all three
      groups of respondents, the addition of a temperature of 37.8 degrees C (100
      degrees F) increased the proportion of children sent home (P less than .01). Day
      care center staff, mothers, and pediatricians differ in their reported
      exclusionary practices for ill day-care children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3357727
TI  - Children in sheltered homeless families: reported health status and use of health
      services.
AB  - Studies of the health status of homeless people have primarily focused on
      alcoholic men and have reported numerous excess health risks. To determine the
      health status of children in homeless families, we performed a population-based,
      cross-sectional survey of a probability sample of 82 homeless families having a
      total of 158 children 17 days to 17 years of age living in emergency shelters in
      King County, Washington. Heights and weights were also measured. Seventy-five
      percent of the children belonged to racial minorities, and 54% were less than 6
      years old. Nearly half the children (49%) had a wide variety of reported acute
      and chronic health problems. Less than 10% of the children measured were short
      for their age or underweight, whereas 35% were greater than the 95th percentile
      for weight-for-height. When compared with the US general pediatric population,
      the proportion of homeless children reported to be in "fair" or "poor" health was
      four times higher (13% v 3.2%). Thirty-five percent of the children had no health
      insurance, and 59% of the children had no regular health care provider. The
      homeless children used emergency rooms at a rate that was two to three times
      higher than the US general pediatric population (480/1,000 homeless children for
      6-month period v 254/1,000 US children for 12-month period), twice as likely to
      lack measles immunization (21% v 9.0%), and twice as likely to never have had a
      tuberculosis skin test (48% v 27%). The data suggest that children in homeless
      families have poorer reported health status and are not obtaining preventive
      medical care.

PMID- 3357728
TI  - Pediatric pulmonary 1985 manpower study. Long Range Planning Committee for
      Pediatric Pulmonology. American Thoracic Society Pediatric Assembly.

PMID- 3357729
TI  - Nipple units for newborn infants: a functional comparison.
AB  - Milk flow characteristics of nipple units commonly used in the neonatal period
      were compared in the laboratory using a mechanical system. The number of
      simulated sucks required to empty 120 mL of formula was determined for each
      nipple unit. In general, the number of simulated sucks required to empty the
      bottle decreased when the applied negative pressure was increased from -60 to 
      120 cm of H2O except for SMA nipple units for premature infants. The Nuk type
      required less sucks (ie, higher flow) than standard nipple units. Among the Nuk
      type nipple units, the SMA nipple had the highest mean flow and Enfamil Natural
      the lowest mean flow; among the standard nipple units, SMA single-hole had the
      highest flow and Ross Twist-on had the lowest flow. However, wide variability in
      performance was observed not only between different types of nipple units but
      also within the same type. Flow characteristics of nipple units for preterm
      infants overlapped markedly, with that for term neonates with Enfamil nipples
      exhibiting the highest flow. Clinical relevance of these differences in flow
      characteristics among the nipple units is discussed.

PMID- 3357730
TI  - Multiple cutaneous hemangiomas and coarctation of the aorta with right aortic
      arch.

PMID- 3357731
TI  - Simple interventions--self-treatment.

PMID- 3357732
TI  - Psychogenic upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 3357733
TI  - Recognizing the common problem of child automobile restraint misuse.

PMID- 3357734
TI  - Plea for enhancing neuronal survival by neurophysiologic monitoring.

PMID- 3357735
TI  - Measles vaccine--one or two doses?

PMID- 3357736
TI  - Education after residency.

PMID- 3357737
TI  - Child life.

PMID- 3357738
TI  - Role of pediatrician in pediatric emergency medical services.

PMID- 3357739
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Provisional Committee on Pediatric Emergency
      Medicine: Pediatrician's role in emergency medical services for children.

PMID- 3357740
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Child and Adolescent Health: Age limits
      of pediatrics.

PMID- 3357741
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Sports Medicine: Recommendations for
      participation in competitive sports.

PMID- 3357742
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention: First
      aid for the choking child, 1988.

PMID- 3357743
TI  - Elemental mercury exposure.

PMID- 3357744
TI  - Salary or fee-for-service.

PMID- 3357745
TI  - Relaxation and examination for sexual abuse.

PMID- 3357746
TI  - Continuous auscultation of heart and bilateral breath sounds.

PMID- 3357747
TI  - Benign epilepsy of childhood and Gowers's statements.

PMID- 3357748
TI  - SIDS or murder?

PMID- 3357749
TI  - Fibromatosis.

PMID- 3357750
TI  - Regional differentiation of sympathetic nerve activity during fever caused by
      intracerebroventricular injection of PGE2.
AB  - In urethane-anesthetized rabbits prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) injected into a lateral
      cerebral ventricle (icv) produced hyperthermia. During the phase of rising rectal
      temperature, renal sympathetic activity monitored by multi-unit recording was
      reduced while the drop of ear skin temperature indicated cutaneous sympathetic
      activation. These reciprocal changes in activity corresponded to those typical
      for cold stress as well as for the phase of rising body temperature in fever
      induced by endotoxic lipopolysaccharides (LPS). However, a slight early
      stimulation of the heart rate after icv PGE2, contrasted to the initial
      reductions seen with LPS fever and in the cold. After sino-aortic denervation
      renal sympathetic inhibition in response to icv PGE2 was reduced but not
      abolished. After cervical vagotomy the antagonism between cutaneous and visceral
      sympathetic activity and the increase in heart rate became more prominent. During
      the phase of subsiding hyperthermia after icv PGE2, renal sympathetic activity
      returned to its control level, but, unlike LPS fever, did not exceed it. The
      results of this study indicate that the reciprocal changes in cutaneous and renal
      sympathetic activity, but not of sympathetic outflow to the heart, are identical
      during the phase of rising temperature in PGE2 and LPS fever. During the phase of
      subsiding hyperthermia, renal sympathetic activities change to different extents
      in PGE2 and LPS fever.

PMID- 3357751
TI  - Relationship between parvalbumin content and the speed of relaxation in
      chronically stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscle.
AB  - The time courses of changes in parvalbumin (PA) content, isometric twitch
      tension, and half-relaxation time (1/2 RT) were studied in rabbit tibialis
      anterior muscle following chronic 10 Hz nerve stimulation of 1-21 days. Up to 5
      days stimulation had no effect on PA content, but it induced a slight (10-15%)
      increase in the 1/2 RT. This change occurred together with the previously
      observed 50% decrease in Ca2+-uptake by the SR (Leberer et al. 1987). While
      prolonged stimulation produced no further decrease in the Ca2+-uptake by the SR,
      PA content declined after 5 days of stimulation. The reduction in PA content was
      accompanied by a progressive lengthening of the 1/2 RT. However, the increase in
      1/2 RT was particularly pronounced after PA had fallen below 50% of its normal
      value. A 90% reduction in PA coincided with a 60% increase in the 1/2 RT. By this
      time the staircase phenomenon, normally observed in fast-twitch muscle, was
      completely abolished. Although the changes in PA content and 1/2 RT were not
      linearly related, these results suggest that PA plays an important role in the
      relaxation process of mammalian fast-twitch muscle.

PMID- 3357752
TI  - Effects of ryanodine on skinned myocardial fibers of the rabbit.
AB  - Skinned fiber bundles from papillary muscle of rabbits were used to study the
      effects of ryanodine (1) on direct Ca2+ activation of the contractile proteins,
      and (2) on direct Ca2+ uptake and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
      Caffeine (25 mM) was used to release Ca2+ from the SR and to generate a tension
      transient. Each tension transient occurred after sequential immersion of the
      fiber bundles into five solutions: loading (uptake phase, [U]) and releasing
      (release phase, [R]). The height of free Ca2+-activated tension development of
      the contractile proteins, and the area of the tension transient generated by
      caffeine were assessed. (1) The direct free Ca2+-activated tension development of
      the contractile proteins was not significantly affected by ryanodine up to 0.1
      mM, either at the submaximal or maximal free Ca2+ concentrations. (2) Ryanodine
      (1 nM-1 microM), in U, R, or in U and R, did not significantly change the
      immediate caffeine-induced tension transients. In the same preparation after
      ryanodine treatments, the second control caffeine-induced tension transients (C2,
      no ryanodine) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 50 nM, 10 nM, 10
      nM for R, U, and U and R, respectively). The depression caused by ryanodine on
      the SR was "activity"-dependent and not readily reversible. Total calcium content
      in the SR of C2 was not significantly changed by small quantities of ryanodine
      (less than 0.1 microM) and was decreased with greater amounts of ryanodine
      (greater than or equal to 0.1 microM). Thus, at low concentrations of ryanodine,
      the negative inotropic action is due to decrease Ca2+ release from the SR; at
      high concentration of ryanodine, it is due to decrease in calcium accumulation in
      the SR.

PMID- 3357753
TI  - Patch-clamp techniques for time-resolved capacitance measurements in single
      cells.
AB  - Two methods are described for estimation of passive cell parameters such as
      membrane capacitance, membrane conductance and access resistance in tight-seal
      whole cell recording. Both methods are restricted in their application to cases
      where the cell under study can be approximated by a simple three-component
      network with linear properties over some voltage range. One method, referred to
      as the time domain technique, requires only standard electrophysiological
      equipment and a computer. Parameters are derived from an analysis of capacitive
      transients during square wave stimulation. It is readily adaptable to wide
      variations in experimental parameters. Particularly, it is equally applicable to
      the "slow whole-cell" configuration (access resistance in the range 100 M omega
      to 1 G omega) and to normal whole-cell measurements (access resistance typically
      10 M omega). The other method applies a sine wave command signal to the cell and
      employs a lock-in amplifier to analyse the resulting current signal. Two modes of
      operating the lock-in amplifier are described. One mode provides an output signal
      directly proportional to small changes in capacitance at maximum resolution (1-10
      fF). The other mode, in conjunction with a digital computer, supplies estimates
      of all passive cell parameters, as does the time domain technique, but with a
      large amount of data reduction performed by the lock-in amplifier itself. Due to
      the special hardware, however, this method is not as flexible as the time domain
      technique.

PMID- 3357754
TI  - Influence of lateral intercellular spaces on current propagation in tubular
      epithelia as estimated by a multi-cable model.
AB  - A multiple cable model has been developed for tubular epithelia which allows
      current flow along the tubular lumen, along the cell layer and inside the lateral
      intercellular space (LIS) to be quantitatively assessed. In this model tubular
      lumen and cell layer are represented by two concentric cylinders and the LIS by n
      concentric interconnected fluid layers which are interposed between the cells,
      contact the lateral cell membranes and extend all along the tubular length. The
      innermost LIS layer connects to the tight junctions and the outermost layer to
      the peritubular space. Modelling each element by a cable-like structure the
      mathematical solution leads to n + 2 linear combinations of n + 2 exponential
      functions. Based on morphometric data and resistance measurements on Necturus
      proximal tubule [4,10] model calculations have been performed of the voltage
      attenuation along tubular lumen, cell layer and LIS for n = 3 or n = 6 assuming
      different LIS widths (0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 micron). The results show that the
      influence of LIS is insignificant in Necturus proximal tubule under control
      conditions, but may become significant in other functional states or other
      tubules. Collapsing the LIS increases predominantly the shunt resistance and the
      effective resistance of the lateral cell membrane but longitudinal current
      propagation along the LIS remains negligible at all space widths. In addition,
      model calculations are presented which allow errors in determining tight junction
      resistance and cell membrane resistances from a simple cable model to be
      quantified as function of LIS width.

PMID- 3357755
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide alters GH3/B6 pituitary cell excitability.
AB  - The effects of the prolactin secretagogue vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on
      the membrane excitability of clonal prolactin-secreting (GH3/B6) cells were
      studied using the whole-cell configuration of the patch recording technique.
      Submicromolar concentrations of VIP affected membrane excitability in more than
      half the cells tested, increasing the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+-dependent
      action potentials and prolonging individual action potentials, as well as
      changing their rheobase. Under voltage clamp, VIP induced changes in several
      voltage-sensitive conductances at both instantaneous and steady-state times. Some
      of these changes in membrane excitability may be related to VIP's stimulatory
      effects on prolactin secretion.

PMID- 3357757
TI  - Cardiovascular changes during the sleep-wake cycle in spontaneous hypertensive
      rats and their genetically normotensive precursors.
AB  - Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SH) and in their genetically normotensive precursors (WKY) during the sleep-wake
      cycle using a computer-assisted method. Similar results were obtained in both
      strains: (a) No significant difference was observed in blood pressure values
      between slow-wave-sleep (SWS) and the last 2 min of the preceding wakefulness (W)
      episode within the complete cycle; blood pressure then increased during PS. (b)
      Heart rate values during SWS were significantly lower than those computed for W;
      a further fall of heart rate was observed during paradoxical sleep (PS) only in
      hypertensive rats. (c) During SWS the blood pressure and heart rate variability
      was significantly lower than during W and PS. In addition, blood pressure
      variability values during the three sleep-wake states were lower in hypertensive
      than in normotensive rats. These data suggest that there are no qualitative
      differences in the mechanisms that control circulation during sleep in
      normotensive and spontaneous hypertensive rats.

PMID- 3357756
TI  - Presynaptic Na/Ca action potentials in unmyelinated axons of olfactory cortex.
AB  - (1) Pial surface slices of guinea-pig olfactory cortex were cut to have a
      thickness of 150 micron. Action potentials were recorded from the sectioned ends
      of the unmyelinated afferent axons originating from the lateral olfactory tract
      (LOT). These potentials were prolonged by the K-channel blocker 3,4
      diaminopyridine (0.1 mmol/l) and further lengthened by tetraethylammonium (10
      mmol/l). The action potential was also greatly prolonged by partly replacing the
      K+ in the bathing solution by Cs+. (2) These prolonged action potentials were
      shortened by Cd2+; Gd3+ (gadolinium); Ni2+; Mn2+; Co2+, in order of potency. The
      residual early component of the action potential was tetrodotoxin (TTX)
      sensitive. In contrast, the LOT action potential was little affected by Ca
      channel blockade. (3) Organic Ca-channel blockers either had no effect (0.05
      mmol/l nifedipine), or depressed the early and later phases of the prolonged
      action potential equally (0.05-0.5 mmol/l verapamil or 0.05-0.2 mmol/l
      diltiazem). (4) A propagated action potential was also obtained in solution
      containing TTX and low Na+. This potential was supported by Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+
      and completely suppressed by Cd2+. (5) The later parts of the action potential,
      after K-channel blockade, had a pharmacological sensitivity towards Ca-channel
      blockers matching that of synaptic transmission. This suggests the falling phase
      of the action potential is caused by charge carrier (mainly Ca2+) passing through
      Ca-channels that have similar properties to, or are the same as those which open
      prior to transmitter release.

PMID- 3357758
TI  - A low cost high intensity flash device for photolysis experiments.
AB  - Novel techniques of flash photolysis experiments require high intensity light
      sources in the near UV. We describe here a simple and inexpensive flash device
      which may complete with bulky and expensive laser systems if the experiments do
      not necessitate very short light pulses. Using a particular optical arrangement
      and stored electrical energy, a variation of the parameters voltage and
      capacitance led to a difference in light output by a factor of more than two. The
      system is used to relax both skeletal and smooth muscle fibres in the rigor state
      by releasing up to 2 mM ATP from 12.5 mM caged-ATP.

PMID- 3357759
TI  - A method for the manufacture of single barrel liquid ion-selective
      microelectrodes: an in situ study of ant venom pH.
AB  - A method for the manufacture of single barrel ion-sensitive microelectrodes,
      employing liquid ion-selective sensors, is described in detail. This method had
      proven reliable and repeatable for the manufacture of pH-sensitive
      microelectrodes using a liquid proton carrier. It is believed that this method
      has advantages over other published methods since it allows direct visualization
      and control of major steps during electrode fabrication and overcomes several
      problems often encountered using more conventional methods. Microelectrodes
      fabricated using this technique have been used to measure the in situ pH of venom
      from two myrmicine ants, Tetramorium caespitum (L.) and Myrmica ruginodis (N.).

PMID- 3357760
TI  - Extra- and intracellular hydrogen ion-selective microelectrode based on neutral
      carriers with extended pH response range in acid media.
AB  - A series of new neutral hydrogen ion carriers suitable for application in H+
      selective microelectrodes is presented. One carrier (ETH 1907) proves to be
      superior to tridodecylamine currently very much in use. Microelectrodes based on
      ETH 1907 in an optimized membrane composition exhibit a linear dynamic response
      function from pH 2 to 9 extended into the acidic range, a response time less than
      or equal to 5 s, and a resistance of about 35 G omega for a tip diameter of about
      1 micron. This makes the electrode suitable for measurements at normal
      physiological intracellular pH as well as in acid physiological media.
      Measurements using this microelectrode in proximal tubule cells of isolated
      perfused frog kidney are presented.

PMID- 3357761
TI  - Fusion of amphibian proximal convoluted cells into giant cells.
AB  - We applied the technique of renal cell fusion to the proximal convoluted tubule
      of Necturus kidney. Giant fused cells from this segment exhibit stable cell
      membrane potential, Vm, for several tens of minutes. These cells display a number
      of electrophysiological properties characteristic of both the apical and
      basolateral membranes of the proximal tubule. These include 1) significant K+
      conductance, 2) no detectable Cl- conductance, 3) apical Na-glucose and Na-amino
      acid electrogenic carriers, 4) basolateral ouabain-sensitive Na-K pump activity
      and 5) basolateral Na/HCO3 cotransport.

PMID- 3357762
TI  - Amiloride: an inhibitor of regulatory volume decrease in rat pheochromocytoma
      cultured cells.

PMID- 3357763
TI  - Failure of norepinephrine to initiate porcine malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - Continuous intravenous infusion in pigs of norepinephrine, to blood
      concentrations of 140 ng.ml-1, provided a test of the hypothesis that this
      sympathetic hormone can initiate malignant hyperthermia (MH). This study was
      performed during nitrous oxide-pentobarbital anesthesia, and in part utilized
      sodium nitroprusside to maintain normal blood pressure and peripheral perfusion.
      Metabolic stimulation, or evidence of MH, did not occur in normal or susceptible
      pigs, as indicated by the lack of increase in both whole body O2 consumption and
      arterial lactate concentration. Next, in contrast, susceptible pigs manifested MH
      when exposed to halothane and succinylcholine, while normal pigs did not. We
      conclude that norepinephrine does not mediate or initiate porcine whole body
      stress responses characteristic of MH.

PMID- 3357764
TI  - Organ donors needed.

PMID- 3357765
TI  - Humanistic nursing.

PMID- 3357766
TI  - All human tRNATyr genes contain introns as a prerequisite for pseudouridine
      biosynthesis in the anticodon.
AB  - Two synthetic oligonucleotides, one specific for the 5' exon, the other spanning
      the splice junction, were used to show that (a) the human haploid genome contains
      at least 12 independent gene loci for tRNATyr, and (b) that all of them carry an
      intron. From one of the cloned human tRNATyr genes (pHtT1) the 20 bp intron was
      deleted to generate pHtT1 delta. Homologous in vitro transcription, fingerprint
      analyses of the products and elucidation of their nucleoside composition revealed
      that the pseudouridine (psi 35) in the center of the anticodon of tRNATyr was
      synthesized in the intron-containing precursor whereas this U to psi modification
      did not take place in precursors or mature tRNATyr derived from pHtT1 delta. On
      the basis of these results and of studies from other laboratories we suggest that
      the evolutionary pressure for maintaining introns in eukaryotic tRNAsTyr is this
      strict intron-requirement for psi 35 synthesis. Taking into account that all
      eukaryotic cytoplasmic tRNAsTyr contain a psi 35 we discuss here a special need
      for this modified nucleoside in stabilizing codon-anticodon interactions
      involving (a) classical base pairing upon translation of tyrosine codons and (b)
      unconventional interactions during UAG amber codon suppression by tRNATyrG psi A
      in eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 3357767
TI  - Stimulation of transcription in vitro by binding sites for nuclear factor I.
AB  - Nuclear factor I (NFI) is a site-specific DNA binding protein required for the
      replication of adenovirus DNA in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the effect
      of natural and synthetic binding sites for NFI (FIB sites) on RNA synthesis in
      HeLa whole cell extracts. The natural binding site used is the 26bp FIB-2 site
      previously isolated from the human genome. When present upstream of the TATA box
      of the adenovirus major late promoter, the FIB-2 site stimulates RNA synthesis 3
      to 5-fold. This stimulation occurs with either orientation of the FIB-2 site. A
      point mutation in FIB-2 that decreases NFI binding at least 100-fold reduces, but
      does not completely abolish, the stimulation of transcription. A number of
      synthetic binding sites for NFI were tested for the ability to increase RNA
      synthesis. The strongest binding sites stimulated transcription the most, while
      the weakest sites had the least effect. These studies strongly suggest a role for
      NFI and cellular FIB sites in the control of RNA synthesis.

PMID- 3357769
TI  - A stable complex between homopyrimidine oligomers and the homologous regions of
      duplex DNAs.
AB  - When plasmid DNA duplexes carrying the regular homopurine-homopyrimidine inserts
      (dGA)n, (dTC)n and (dG)n, (dC)n are preincubated with homologous labeled
      oligo(dPy) ((dTC)n and (dC)n respectively) at acid pH, the label co
      electrophoreses with the duplex DNA. Thus, a very strong complex is formed.
      Complementary oligo(dPu) does not form a complex under these conditions. No
      binding is observed for oligo(dPy) with non-homologous inserts as well as with
      vector plasmids without inserts. The complex is formed equally well with linear,
      nicked or superhelical DNA. The complex is not detected at pH greater than 6.
      Complex formation leads to very little, if any, unwinding of the duplex. The
      observed complex appears to be the Py.Pu.Py triplex consisting of TAT and CGC
      base-triads with protonated cytosines. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
      patterns show that the presence of homologous oligo(dPy) destabilizes the
      formation of the H form.

PMID- 3357768
TI  - Nucleotide sequence determination and secondary structure of Xenopus U3 snRNA.
AB  - Using a combination of RNA sequencing and construction of cDNA clones followed by
      DNA sequencing, we have determined the primary nucleotide sequence of U3 snRNA in
      Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis. This molecule has a length of 219
      nucleotides. Alignment of the Xenopus sequences with U3 snRNA sequences from
      other organisms reveals three evolutionarily conserved blocks. We have probed the
      secondary structure of U3 snRNA in intact Xenopus laevis nuclei using single
      strand specific chemical reagents; primer extension was used to map the positions
      of chemical modification. The three blocks of conserved sequences fall within
      single-stranded regions, and are therefore accessible for interaction with other
      molecules. Models of U3 snRNA function are discussed in light of these data.

PMID- 3357770
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of pS194, a streptomycin-resistance plasmid from
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - pS194 is a naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus plasmid encoding
      streptomycin resistance. The plasmid has a copy number of about 25 per cell, and
      belongs to the inc5 incompatibility group. The nucleotide sequence of pS194 has
      been determined and consists of 4397 base pairs including four open reading
      frames potentially encoding proteins of greater than 100 amino acids. All four of
      these reading frames are on the same coding strand. The first reading frame,
      repE, encodes a 38 kd protein specifically required for pS194 replication. The
      second open reading frame, str, encodes a 34 kd polypeptide required for
      streptomycin resistance, probably a streptomycin adenylyltransferase. The third
      potential polypeptide, rlx, would be 37 kd and is probably required for
      relaxation complex formation and plasmid mobilization by conjugative plasmids.
      The fourth, orfD, overlapping the rlx reading frame, is potentially 27 kd, and
      may also be involved in mobilization.

PMID- 3357771
TI  - Multiple introns in a conjugation-specific gene from Tetrahymena thermophila.
AB  - Multiple introns have been found in a gene from a ciliated protozoan. This
      Tetrahymena thermophila gene (cnjB) is large (7.5 kb mRNA) and active only during
      conjugation, the organism's sexual cycle. Six introns ranging in size from 62 bp
      to 676 bp were found when we sequenced a 3.1 kb segment of the cnjB gene together
      with its corresponding cDNA. We estimate, by extrapolation of our current data, a
      total of approximately 30 introns in this gene with a total gene size (introns
      plus exons) of 15 kb or more. The number of introns is surprising given the
      scarcity of introns in ciliate genes examined to date. Our findings constitute
      the first example of multiple introns in a ciliate gene. Having the sequence of
      several introns has allowed us to construct consensus sequences for T.
      thermophila mRNA introns. The 5' and 3' intron junctions resemble those of
      general nuclear mRNA (GT/AG rule is followed) but differences are seen. In
      particular, stretches of 10 or more adenines and thymines are found adjacent to
      the conserved GT and AGs at the junctions. Unusual aspects of the coding region
      of this gene are discussed.

PMID- 3357772
TI  - Non-radioactive automated sequencing of oligonucleotides by chemical degradation.
AB  - A non-radioactive sequencing of fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides by solid
      phase chemical degradation is described. Although non-radioactive methods have
      been reported for the dideoxy chain termination technique, such a method has not
      yet been developed for the chemical degradation sequencing of DNA fragments. A 21
      mer fluorescein labelled M13 sequencing primer was sequenced in an on-line
      automated system in about 30 minutes. The fluorescent dye and its bond to the
      oligonucleotide were stable during the chemical reactions used for the base
      specific degradations. As the sequence is determined on-line during
      electrophoresis, reloading and running 10 fragments simultaneously allows us to
      use one gel for sequencing of about 50 different oligonucleotides.

PMID- 3357773
TI  - Essential and non-essential domains in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum NifA protein:
      identification of indispensable cysteine residues potentially involved in redox
      reactivity and/or metal binding.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nitrogen fixation
      regulatory protein NifA, as derived from the nucleotide sequence of the nifA
      gene, was aligned to the corresponding protein sequences from Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. High
      conservation was found in the central domain and in the COOH-terminal, putative
      DNA binding domain, whereas very little homology was present within the first 250
      amino acids from the NH2-terminus. Upon deletion of the first 218 amino acids
      (37% of the protein) and expression of the remainder as a Cat'-'NifA hybrid
      protein, a fully active, nif-specific transcriptional activator protein was
      obtained which also retained oxygen sensitivity, a characteristic property of the
      wild-type B. japonicum NifA protein. In contrast, an unaltered COOH-terminal
      domain was required for an active NifA protein. Between the central and the DNA
      binding domains, a so-called interdomain linker region was identified which was
      conserved in all rhizobial species but missing in the K.pneumoniae NifA protein.
      Two conserved cysteine residues in this region were changed to serine residues,
      by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. This resulted in absolutely inactive
      NifA mutant proteins. Similar null phenotypes were obtained by altering two
      closely adjacent cysteine residues in the central domain to serine residues. Nif
      gene activation in vivo by the B.japonicum NifA protein, but not by the
      K.pneumoniae NifA protein, was sensitive to treatment with chelating agents, and
      this inhibition could be overcome by the addition of divalent metal ions. On the
      basis of these observations and previous data on oxygen sensitivity we raise the
      hypothesis that at least some, if not all, of the four essential cysteine
      residues may be involved in oxygen reactivity or metal binding or both.

PMID- 3357774
TI  - Specific inhibition of endogenous beta-tubulin synthesis in Xenopus oocytes by
      anti-messenger oligodeoxynucleotides.
AB  - An oligodeoxynucleotide containing 27 nucleotides, complementary to a highly
      conserved sequence of beta-tubulin mRNAs, led to a nearly complete inhibition of
      beta-tubulin synthesis in Xenopus oocytes after microinjection. Inhibition
      persisted 24 hours post-injection and was specific for beta-tubulin as the
      synthesis of alpha-tubulin as well as that of other proteins from the oocyte was
      not affected. Complete inhibition of beta-tubulin synthesis did not prevent
      progesterone-induced meiotic maturation and formation of the chromosome spindle.
      This result indicates that the pool of endogenous tubulin already present in
      fully-grown oocytes is sufficient to allow normal meiotic maturation. This
      finding correlates with previous experiments showing that the turn-over of
      tubulin is very slow in the oocyte.

PMID- 3357775
TI  - Expression of the plasmid-encoded type I dihydrofolate reductase gene in cultured
      mammalian cells: a novel selectable marker.
AB  - A recombinant plasmid has been designed to express the gene encoding a type I
      methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase, derived from the bacterial
      plasmid R483, in DHFR- Chinese hamster ovary cells. Vectors containing the wild
      type gene, whose coding sequence initiates with a GTG codon, fail to direct the
      synthesis of detectable levels of protein. Substitution of the GTG codon by an AG
      codon using in vitro mutagenesis overcomes this block; cells transfected with the
      modified vector synthesize a functional prokaryotic protein that sustains the
      growth of these cells in the presence of dihydrofolic acid in the culture media.
      This property is consistent with the inability of the type I enzyme to reduce
      folate to dihydrofolate, and enabled the development of a selection strategy
      whereby prokaryotic and mammalian DHFRs genes could be used sequentially as
      independently selectable markers.

PMID- 3357776
TI  - The adenovirus tripartite leader sequence can alter nuclear and cytoplasmic
      metabolism of a non-adenovirus mRNA within infected cells.
AB  - All mRNAs encoded by the adenovirus major late transcription unit share a common
      5' noncoding region, 200 nucleotides in length, termed the tripartite leader
      sequence. To assess function of the tripartite leader, recombinant viruses were
      prepared which carried either a bona fide herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase
      gene or a modified thymidine kinase gene whose normal 5' noncoding domain was
      replaced with the adenovirus leader sequence. The tripartite leader
      simultaneously decreased the nuclear half-life and increased the cytoplasmic half
      life of the thymidine kinase-specific mRNA. The tripartite leader stabilized the
      non-adenovirus mRNA only within the environment of an adenovirus-infected cell
      during the late phase of the infectious cycle.

PMID- 3357777
TI  - Effects of A:T base pairs on the B-Z conformational transitions of DNA.
AB  - Effects of A:T base pairs on the propensity of B to Z conformational transitions
      have been investigated by the CD salt titrations on d(CG)5' d(GC)5' terminal or
      central A:T replaced decamers, and terminal A:T appended dodecamers. The presence
      of A:T at the center greatly inhibits the B to Z transition of both G:C decamers.
      Moderate Z inhibitions are shown by terminal A:T replacements and additions to
      d(CG)5' with the former exhibiting a stronger effect. In contrast, the addition
      and replacement with A:T at the terminals of d(GC)5 facilitate the B to Z
      conversion, with the replacement exhibiting a somewhat more pronounced effect.
      These results may be rationalized in terms of the number of contigous CG
      sequences present in an oligomer and the relative inhibitory effects of other
      dinucleotide sequences. Our results also suggest that some short oligomers with
      purine at the 5'-end, such as d[A(CG)nT] with n greater than or equal to 2, may
      likely crystallize as Z conformations.

PMID- 3357780
TI  - Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of bacteriophage T4 gene 12.

PMID- 3357778
TI  - A comparison of the solution structures and conformational properties of the
      somatic and oocyte 5S rRNAs of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The secondary and tertiary structures of Xenopus oocyte and somatic 5S rRNAs were
      investigated using chemical and enzymatic probes. The accessibility of both RNAs
      towards single-strand specific nucleases (T1, T2, A and S1) and a helix-specific
      ribonuclease from cobra venom (RNase V1) was determined. The reactivity of
      nucleobase N7, N3 and N1 positions towards chemical probes was investigated under
      native (5 mM MgCl2, 100 mM KCl, 20 degrees C) and semi-denaturing (1 mM EDTA, 20
      degrees C) conditions. Ethylnitrosourea was used to identify phosphates not
      reactive towards alkylation under native conditions. The results obtained confirm
      the presence of the five helical stems predicted by the consensus secondary
      structure model of 5S rRNA. The chemical reactivity data indicate that loops C
      and D are involved in a number of tertiary interactions, and loop E folds into an
      unusual secondary structure. A comparison of the data obtained for the two types
      of Xenopus 5S rRNA indicates that the conformations of the oocyte and somatic 5S
      rRNAs are very similar. However, the data obtained with nucleases under native
      conditions, and chemical probes under semi-denaturing conditions, reveal that
      helices III and IV in the somatic 5S rRNA are less stable than the same
      structures in oocyte 5S rRNA. Using chimeric 5S rRNAs, it was possible to
      demonstrate that the relative resistance of oocyte 5S rRNA to partial
      denaturation in 4 M urea is conferred by the five oocyte-specific nucleotide
      substitutions in loop B/helix III. In contrast, the superior stability of oocyte
      5S rRNA in the presence of EDTA is related to a single C substitution at position
      79.

PMID- 3357779
TI  - Hydrogen-bonding effects and 13C-NMR of the DNA double helix.
AB  - 13C-nmr chemical shifts of the nucleotides in DNA are sensitive to hydrogen
      bonding, especially for three of the carbons immediately bonded to exocyclic
      oxygen or nitrogen atoms acting as H-bond acceptors or donors. GuoC2, GuoC6 and
      ThdC4 are strongly deshielded (about 1 ppm) upon Watson-Crick pairing in
      oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes, regardless of the base sequence. Deshielding at
      these sites may be useful to distinguish bases involved in Watson-Crick pairs
      from unpaired bases.

PMID- 3357781
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a radish ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase small
      subunit (rbcS) cDNA.

PMID- 3357782
TI  - Human pro alpha 1(III) collagen: cDNA sequence for the 3' end.

PMID- 3357783
TI  - A mini-screen technique for analyzing nuclear DNA from a single Dictyostelium
      colony.

PMID- 3357784
TI  - Sequence of the Aspergillus niger pyrG gene.

PMID- 3357785
TI  - A simple method for isolation of extrachromosomal circular DNA in unicellular
      eukaryotes.

PMID- 3357786
TI  - Genomic sequence of a Sprague-Dawley rat beta-globin gene.

PMID- 3357787
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of a 23S ribosomal RNA gene from Micrococcus luteus.

PMID- 3357788
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of a 23S ribosomal RNA gene from Ruminobacter
      amylophilus.

PMID- 3357789
TI  - Bent DNA is a conserved structure in an adenovirus control region.

PMID- 3357790
TI  - The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L32.

PMID- 3357791
TI  - Nucleotide sequence for a major messenger RNA for a 40 kilodalton polypeptide
      that is under translational control in mouse tumor cells.

PMID- 3357793
TI  - Creating a false positive clone as an aid in screening libraries with synthetic
      oligonucleotides.

PMID- 3357792
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a major messenger RNA for a 21 kilodalton polypeptide that
      is under translational control in mouse tumor cells.

PMID- 3357794
TI  - Transfection of myeloid cell lines using polybrene/DMSO.

PMID- 3357795
TI  - Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of a human ventricular myosin
      light chain 1.

PMID- 3357796
TI  - A rapid and accurate method for quantitating total RNA transferred during
      Northern blot analysis.

PMID- 3357797
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase
      kinase from rat soleus muscle.

PMID- 3357799
TI  - Student digs.

PMID- 3357798
TI  - Rationing community care.

PMID- 3357800
TI  - Making the grade.

PMID- 3357801
TI  - An option on death.

PMID- 3357802
TI  - Oncology nursing. Life after cancer.

PMID- 3357803
TI  - Will I be sick, nurse? Part 1.

PMID- 3357804
TI  - Recruit and retain. No time to care.

PMID- 3357805
TI  - One good turn deserves another.

PMID- 3357807
TI  - Look at me, nurse!

PMID- 3357806
TI  - Out of the frying pan?

PMID- 3357808
TI  - Nursing Practice.

PMID- 3357809
TI  - Nursing Practice. Slant on stress.

PMID- 3357810
TI  - Nursing Practice. Beating the blockage.

PMID- 3357811
TI  - Assertiveness training. Number 3. Assertive rights and body language.

PMID- 3357813
TI  - That's the way the money goes.

PMID- 3357812
TI  - A new blueprint for the community.

PMID- 3357814
TI  - In sickness and in health.

PMID- 3357815
TI  - Power and the glory.

PMID- 3357816
TI  - Drug administration. Called to account.

PMID- 3357817
TI  - Should nurses prescribe?

PMID- 3357818
TI  - And so, to sleep.

PMID- 3357819
TI  - Recruit and retain. Brooking no obstacles. Interview by Martin Vousden.

PMID- 3357820
TI  - Will I be sick, nurse? Part 2.

PMID- 3357821
TI  - On measurement and nursing research.

PMID- 3357822
TI  - Systems of life. No. 158. Senior systems. 23. Cardiovascular system. 1.

PMID- 3357823
TI  - Steps to combat infection.

PMID- 3357824
TI  - Assertive training. Number 4. Assertive discussion: making your point.

PMID- 3357825
TI  - HIV-related issues: how much shall we take on?

PMID- 3357826
TI  - Intraoperative radiation therapy.

PMID- 3357827
TI  - Developing a bereavement program in a university hospital setting.

PMID- 3357829
TI  - Helpful and unhelpful communications in cancer care: the patient perspective.

PMID- 3357828
TI  - Having a parent die of cancer: adolescents' grief reactions.

PMID- 3357830
TI  - Breast self-examination compliance and the health belief model.

PMID- 3357831
TI  - Cancer rehabilitation.

PMID- 3357832
TI  - Needle localization for nonpalpable breast lesions.

PMID- 3357833
TI  - A non-invasive approach to minimizing vessel pain with DTIC or BCNU.

PMID- 3357834
TI  - Aiding communication: clinic nurse to home care nurse.

PMID- 3357835
TI  - Preventing perineal burning from i.v. dexamethasone.

PMID- 3357836
TI  - Alternatives to cornstarch for itchiness.

PMID- 3357837
TI  - Chemotherapy supply tray designed.

PMID- 3357838
TI  - Infection control policy for radiation therapy shared.

PMID- 3357839
TI  - Home instructions for post-chemotherapy care.

PMID- 3357841
TI  - Conceptualization: what is it and why is it important in the research process?

PMID- 3357840
TI  - Oncology Nursing Society--Position paper on HIV-related issues.

PMID- 3357842
TI  - Sublingual administration of the sleep inducer triazolam.

PMID- 3357843
TI  - The effects of inaccurate bone cuts on femoral component position in total knee
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Patterns of malposition of total knee femoral components are presented and are
      correlated to specific faulty bone cuts. Femoral component malposition pattern
      recognition will facilitate intraoperative correction of inaccurate bone cuts.

PMID- 3357844
TI  - The intertrochanteric hip fracture. A retrospective analysis.
AB  - One hundred intertrochanteric hip fractures were analyzed utilizing a computer
      assisted digitization system to study the factors affecting postoperative
      stability. Fractures were evaluated by measuring shortening and angulation,
      collapse of telescoping device when utilized, and migration of the fixation
      device within the femoral head. Fractures were classified preoperatively
      according to their stability and postoperatively according to the type of
      operative reduction performed. The failure rate and postoperative stability were
      then compared according to the type of fracture, type of operative reduction, and
      internal fixation device utilized. Results indicate that the preoperative
      fracture classification is a strong and significant determinant of postoperative
      stability. Conversely, the type of operative reduction was not as significant a
      determinant of postoperative stability. In particular, medial displacement
      osteotomy had no advantage over anatomic reduction in the unstable fracture. The
      use of a fixed angle nail plate was associated with an increased failure rate.

PMID- 3357845
TI  - Osteoporotic correlates of alcoholism in young males.
AB  - A group of 22 white males (ages, 28 to 40 years) with histories of chronic
      alcohol abuse ranging from 1 to 21 years were evaluated for trabecular bone
      mineral density in the left femoral neck area. A group of age and weight-matched
      white males with no history of alcoholism served as controls. All participants
      completed medical history questionnaires regarding fracture history, dietary
      habits, medications, and physical activity. Singh femoral trabecular indices also
      were measured for the alcoholic participants. Analysis of bone mineral data as
      measured by dual photon absorptiometry revealed no statistically significant
      reduction in the bone mineral densities of the alcoholic group when compared to
      the controls. No differences were seen in the areas of the femoral neck, Ward's
      triangle, and greater trochanter. Duration of alcoholism also was not correlated
      with the degree of osteopenia. Singh index measurements of right and left femoral
      heads were compared and revealed no significant differences within individual
      patients. Left femoral Singh index values averaged 5.5 (range, 4 to 6) for the
      alcoholic group and were not indicative of decreased bone mineral density. It is
      concluded from this study that chronic alcoholism associated with heavy smoking
      most likely has a debilitating effect on the trabecular bone density of white
      males, yet clinical and radiographic evidence is not widely manifested in men
      under the age of 40 years.

PMID- 3357846
TI  - Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder. A case report.
AB  - A case of neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder secondary to syringomyelia is
      presented. The classic clinical and radiographic features of the entity are
      illustrated. Emphasis is made on the use of magnetic resonance imaging in
      evaluation. Neuropathic arthropathy should be considered in the evaluation of
      shoulder pain or instability.

PMID- 3357847
TI  - Salter-Harris type II stress fracture in a young athlete. A case report.
AB  - A Salter-Harris type II stress fracture of the distal femoral epiphysis is
      reported in a skeletally immature athlete.

PMID- 3357848
TI  - Pubic ramus fatigue fractures after total knee arthroplasty. A case report.
AB  - Fatigue fractures in the rheumatoid population are infrequent but well described
      clinical and radiographic entities, and rarely occur within the pelvis. These
      fractures often are difficult to diagnose. Pelvic fatigue fractures are much less
      commonly detected and reported after total joint arthroplasties. This article
      reports the sequential appearance of fatigue fractures of the superior portions
      of both pubic rami after total knee replacement arthroplasties which were not
      suspected on historical review, physical examination, nor well visualized on
      initial plain radiographs and technetium bone scanning.

PMID- 3357849
TI  - Disk space infection versus lumbar Scheuermann's disease.

PMID- 3357850
TI  - Radiation induced physeal injury.

PMID- 3357851
TI  - Answer please. Normal variant: en face view of the coracoid process.

PMID- 3357852
TI  - Arterial injuries associated with lower extremity fractures.

PMID- 3357853
TI  - What's new in Alzheimer's disease?

PMID- 3357854
TI  - Management of Alzheimer's disease. A family affair.
AB  - The various approaches to the patient with Alzheimer's disease are receiving much
      attention, but relatively little has been written about the important role
      physicians can serve in helping the patient's family deal with the disease. In
      managing Alzheimer's disease, the physician's relationship with family members
      may be as important as or even more important than his or her relationship with
      the patient. Establishing and maintaining a successful relationship involve early
      assessment of family function, periodic home visits, coordination of available
      community resources, regular assessment of caregivers' coping skills, and regular
      discussions about the limits of home care and the possibility of placement in a
      nursing home. When nursing home care is chosen, the physician can, by continuing
      his or her involvement, help assure provision of the highest quality care
      possible.

PMID- 3357855
TI  - Importance of assessing risk behavior for AIDS. Why and how to obtain a relevant
      history.

PMID- 3357856
TI  - Clinical clues to AIDS. Recognizing the dermatologic and nondermatologic
      manifestations.
AB  - As more types of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are recognized and as the
      incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increases, more and more
      manifestations of HIV infection will be recognized. Dermatologic conditions often
      provide a means of making the presumptive diagnosis. Months or years of
      asymptomatic disease may have elapsed before cutaneous symptoms appear. However,
      care must be taken not to over-diagnose on the basis of a single nonspecific
      finding. To say that all patients with psoriasis have AIDS, for example, would be
      absurd. Yet an explosive flare of psoriasis or an atypical new presentation
      should alert the clinician to the possibility of HIV infection. Certainly,
      multiple suggestive dermatologic findings in any patient would essentially
      confirm the diagnosis of AIDS regardless of the status of antibody reactivity. A
      wide range of nondermatologic physical findings can also signal HIV infection.
      None are specific for AIDS, but again, findings that are rare, atypical, or
      severe in a normal host should be viewed with suspicion, and any of the signs in
      an at-risk patient should prompt the clinician to consider AIDS and to include
      specific tests in the workup. By becoming familiar with the many faces of HIV
      infection, the clinician can recognize its varied manifestations that may suggest
      the diagnosis in the absence of other findings.

PMID- 3357857
TI  - Avoiding AIDS in the physician's office. Precautions to protect healthcare
      workers.

PMID- 3357858
TI  - Bronchopulmonary sequestration. Unusual cause of a lung mass in an adult.
AB  - Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a relatively rare, albeit important, cause of
      pulmonary disease in the adult. It is characterized by a segment of non
      functioning lung parenchyma that receives its blood supply from an anomalous
      systemic artery. Although chest roentgenography and arteriography are useful in
      detecting this condition, the most crucial element in diagnosis is a high index
      of suspicion. Bronchopulmonary sequestration is clinically significant because of
      its potential for medical and surgical complications. Surgery continues to be the
      appropriate treatment for symptomatic patients, but experts disagree on the most
      appropriate management for patients who are asymptomatic.

PMID- 3357859
TI  - Influenza prevention and treatment. The primary care physician's role.

PMID- 3357860
TI  - Analgesics and warfarin. A case that brings up questions and cautions.
AB  - This case report describes prolongation of a patient's prothrombin time and
      partial thromboplastin time possibly due to coadministration of warfarin and an
      overdose of an acetaminophen-propoxyphene combination analgesic. Patients receive
      warfarin for many indications, and concomitant use of an analgesic agent is
      commonly required. These patients should be closely observed if a combination
      acetaminophen-propoxyphene product is prescribed. Finally, patients receiving
      warfarin should be warned about the risks of use (and overdose) of unprescribed
      medications.

PMID- 3357861
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse. Practical aspects of diagnosis and management.
AB  - Because auscultatory findings may vary greatly among patients with suspected
      mitral valve prolapse, careful examination is essential to avoid diagnostic
      misinterpretation. The presence of mitral valve prolapse can be confirmed by
      echocardiography. Clinicians should be reluctant to attribute symptoms to the
      echo or physical finding of prolapse. Prognosis in the vast majority of patients
      is excellent, and reassurance is a critical element of successful patient
      management. Endocarditis prophylaxis and periodic follow-up examinations are
      appropriate for patients with mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 3357862
TI  - Hearing aids. Who can benefit? What's new? One or two?

PMID- 3357863
TI  - Meningitis after basilar skull fracture. Does antibiotic prophylaxis help?

PMID- 3357864
TI  - Heavy metal music and drug abuse in adolescents.
AB  - A large number of adolescents in a psychiatric population, particularly those who
      are chemically dependent, prefer to listen to heavy metal music. Young people who
      do not identify with traditional values may find simple but unconventional
      answers to complex problems in the lyrics of this type of music. While a clearcut
      relationship cannot be established between heavy metal music and destructive
      behavior, evidence shows that such music promotes and supports patterns of drug
      abuse, promiscuous sexual activity, and violence.

PMID- 3357865
TI  - Do you think...single dose therapy is a good strategy for a woman with a urinary
      tract infection?

PMID- 3357866
TI  - Do you think... single-dose therapy is a good strategy for a woman with a urinary
      tract infection?

PMID- 3357867
TI  - Chest pain associated with esophageal disease.
AB  - When a patient presents with anginalike chest pain, the first objective is to
      rule out heart disease. Once cardiac problems have been ruled out, the second
      objective is to determine whether the history and/or symptoms suggest an
      esophageal abnormality. The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux-associated chest
      pain can occasionally be made from barium radiographic or endoscopic findings. A
      series of additional esophageal tests--motility studies, Bernstein test,
      edrophonium test, and balloon distention test--may be performed to help ascertain
      whether the pain stems from the esophagus. Reassurance should precede specific
      drug therapy. If any of the test results suggest gastroesophageal reflux, a trial
      of therapy for this indication, eg, a histamine2 receptor blocker, should be
      initiated. An esophageal motility disorder may be treated with an anticholinergic
      agent, nitro-glycerinlike product, or mild tranquilizer. If necessary, use of a
      calcium channel blocker may be appropriate.

PMID- 3357868
TI  - Blood glucose or plasma glucose?

PMID- 3357869
TI  - The aging eye: team management is essential.

PMID- 3357870
TI  - Management of pressure sores.

PMID- 3357871
TI  - Giardiasis. A crimp in the life-style of campers, travelers, and others.
AB  - Once Giardia cysts leave the host, they die quickly if dehydrated but can survive
      for two months in water as cold as 8 degrees C (46 degrees F). Thus, giardiasis
      is transmitted through ingestion of infected feces or water. Infection most often
      causes diarrhea, but if a subacute or chronic form develops, additional signs and
      symptoms of intestinal distress may be present. Diagnosis is made by finding
      cysts in a stool sample and/or trophozoites in duodenal fluid. In rare cases,
      small-bowel biopsy may be necessary. Whether to treat asymptomatic giardiasis is
      debatable. Drug treatment spares the patient unpleasant symptoms that may develop
      and eliminates transmission, but available drugs can have side effects and none
      has been proven safe for pregnant women. By far, the best approach to giardiasis
      is prevention through education of travelers, nature lovers, and workers in day
      care centers and institutions that house the incontinent.

PMID- 3357872
TI  - Helminthiasis. Tips for getting rid of unwelcome guests.
AB  - Helminthic parasites usually cause uncomplicated infections of the intestine.
      Complications can arise from nutritional competition between parasite and host,
      mechanical obstruction of the intestine or common bile duct (in ascariasis), and
      an overwhelming, fatal infection among immunocompromised hosts (in
      strongyloidiasis). Diagnosis is made by testing stool samples, except for
      Enterobius, which can often be seen in the perianal area. Treatment in
      uncomplicated cases is straightforward and easy. Several drugs are available, and
      the regimen depends on which parasites are present. However, none is safe for use
      in pregnant women.

PMID- 3357873
TI  - Childhood seizures. Individualized treatment based on type.
AB  - Seizures in children can have greatly differing prognosis and treatment,
      depending on the type of seizure, age at onset, and family and medical history.
      Treatment can vary from none at all (eg, in the child with a single febrile
      seizure) to the use of more than one drug and the ketogenic diet (eg, in poorly
      controlled atypical absence, atonic, and some myoclonic disorders). When drug
      therapy is required, an appropriate agent is started and the dosage increased as
      needed to control seizures. If seizures persist or toxicity occurs, another drug
      should be substituted. When the patient has been seizure-free for a year, the
      drug can be slowly decreased and eventually discontinued. Any recurrence is most
      likely to occur within the first year after anticonvulsive medication is stopped.

PMID- 3357874
TI  - Exposure to carbachol induces several changes in muscarinic cholinergic
      parameters in N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - Mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells were used to study carbachol induced changes in
      muscarinic cholinergic parameters. Cells were treated with carbachol (1 mM) for
      up to 96 hours. The number of muscarinic receptors, measured in 3H-3
      quinuclidinyl benzilate binding experiments, decreased approximately 50% after 4
      hours exposure to carbachol. This was followed by an increase in binding sites,
      and after 24 hours the number of binding sites was the same as in control cells.
      The changes observed in the choline esterase activity followed the same pattern.
      The increase in number of binding sites was not dependent on protein synthesis,
      while the increase in choline esterase activity was. The muscarinic receptor
      stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ showed an initial decrease, which was followed by a
      significantly increased basal uptake of 45Ca2+. It is suggested that all these
      changes are adaptations of long time exposure to carbachol.

PMID- 3357875
TI  - Effect of four-day treatment with carbamazepine at different dose levels on
      microsomal enzyme induction, drug metabolism and drug toxicity.
AB  - The effect of intraperitoneal injections of 0, 30, 60 and 100 mg/kg of
      carbamazepine (CBZ), twice a day for 4 days, was studied in 4 groups of 6 male
      Sprague-Dawley rats per group to evaluate its hepatic enzymatic induction,
      toxicity and metabolism. Rats were sacrificed on the fifth day and the urines of
      the last 24 hours were collected. While the activities of hepatic microsomal
      aminopyrine N-demethylase and epoxide hydratase tended to increase with the dose
      of CBZ, the cytochrome P-450 content and the activity of aniline hydroxylase
      however reached a maximum at 60 mg/kg. The percentage of the administered daily
      dose of CBZ excreted as unchanged CBZ in the urine increased considerably with
      the dose, while that of metabolites such as carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E),
      trans-10,11-dihydrodihydroxycarbamazepine (TDC), and thioethers (T) did not
      markedly change. These data not only corroborate a maximum in enzyme induction
      but also suggest a saturation of the induced hepatic enzymes. Urinary T and TDC,
      representing more than 50% and less than 10%, respectively of the total amount
      recovered, tend to demonstrate that the glutathione conjugation with the
      intermediates of CBZ leading to the formation of higher mercapturates could be
      more important than the epoxide-diol pathway for the metabolism of CBZ under
      conditions of repeated dosing.

PMID- 3357876
TI  - Teratogenicity test of gamma-butyrolactone in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

PMID- 3357877
TI  - The v-rel oncogene product is complexed to a 40-kDa phosphoprotein in transformed
      lymphoid cells.
AB  - The transforming protein encoded by the v-rel oncogene of avian
      reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) is a very low copy number molecule in the
      cytosol of transformed cells. Analysis of cytosolic extracts from a REV-T
      transformed lymphoid cell line by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 indicated
      that most of the v-rel oncogene product, pp59v-rel, eluted with an apparent
      molecular mass of 400 kDa. The size of this complex was confirmed by analysis on
      a fast-protein liquid chromatography gel filtration column. A 40-kDa cellular
      protein copurified with pp59v-rel on sequential gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200
      and immunoaffinity chromatography with a monoclonal antibody directed against
      pp59v-rel. The 40-kDa cellular protein could also be immunoprecipitated together
      with pp59v-rel from cell extracts of [35S]methionine-labeled cells, suggesting
      that pp59v-rel is complexed with the 40-kDa protein in transformed lymphoid
      cells. Both the 59- and 40-kDa proteins were phosphorylated when the highly
      purified preparation containing pp59v-rel was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP and
      10 mM MgCl2 in vitro. The identity of the kinase in the highly purified
      preparation containing pp59v-rel, however, is unknown. Immune complexes recovered
      from extracts of REV-T-transformed lymphoid cells labeled with
      [32P]orthophosphate also contained the 59- and 40-kDa phosphoproteins. These
      observations suggest that pp59v-rel is complexed with a 40-kDa cellular
      phosphoprotein to form a 400-kDa heteropolymer in the cytoplasm of transformed
      lymphoid cells.

PMID- 3357878
TI  - Calcium entry into the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-releasable calcium pool is
      mediated by a GTP-regulatory mechanism.
AB  - Intracellular Ca2+ release activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)
      plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ signaling in cells. A controlling mechanism for
      InsP3-induced Ca2+ movements is suggested by results showing that the InsP3
      releasable Ca2+ pool is directly modified by a specific and sensitive GTP
      regulated Ca2+-translocating process. By using saponin-permeabilized N1E-115
      neuroblastoma cells or DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle-derived cells, InsP3 releases 30
      50% of Ca2+ accumulated through intracellular high-affinity ATP-dependent Ca2+
      pumping activity. Oxalate-promoted Ca2+ uptake is reversed by InsP3, indicating
      oxalate permeability of the InsP3-releasable pool, which is consistent with this
      compartment being the endoplasmic reticulum. GTP (10 microM) activates release of
      50-70% of accumulated Ca2+ from cells. In the presence of 5-10 mM oxalate, GTP
      induces a biphasic Ca2+ flux response; initially (1-2 min) GTP induces rapid Ca2+
      release followed thereafter by a profound increase in Ca2+ uptake. Thus, GTP
      activated Ca2+ influx and efflux compete for Ca2+ access to the oxalate-permeable
      Ca2+ pool. The nonadditive effects of InsP3 and GTP suggest that InsP3 releases
      Ca2+ from a subcompartment of the GTP-releasable pool. Most significantly, InsP3
      is observed to block the GTP-activated uptake phase in the presence of oxalate,
      indicating that GTP induces Ca2+ entry into the pool from which InsP3 activates
      release. Hence, the results provide direct evidence that loading of Ca2+ into the
      InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ pool is controlled by a GTP-regulated Ca2+-translocating
      mechanism. Such a process could be significant in regulating the extent and
      duration of the InsP3-induced Ca2+ signal, a crucial step in the inositol
      phospholipid signaling pathway.

PMID- 3357879
TI  - N-methylation: potential mechanism for metabolic activation of carcinogenic
      primary arylamines.
AB  - Two amine N-methyltransferases isolated from rabbit liver catalyze S
      adenosylmethionine-dependent N-methylation of benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl but
      not of 4-aminoazobenzene or 2-aminobiphenyl. The enzymatic reaction products were
      analyzed and found to be identical to synthetic N-methylbenzidine and N-methyl-4
      aminobiphenyl. N-Methylation may be a critical step in the metabolic activation
      of primary arylamines because N-methylarylamines, unlike primary arylamines, are
      readily N-oxygenated by the NADPH- and oxygen-dependent microsomal flavin
      containing monooxygenase. Kinetic studies carried out with the purified porcine
      liver monooxygenase demonstrate that, while activity with primary arylamines
      could not be detected, N-methyl derivatives of benzidine, 4-aminoazobenzene, and
      4-aminobiphenyl are substrates. Products formed from N-methyl-4-aminobiphenyl had
      the properties of the hydroxylamine and/or nitrone in that the enzyme- and time
      dependent incubation product(s) reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+, and formaldehyde was formed
      during the course of the reaction. These data suggest that N-methyl-4
      aminobiphenyl is oxidized to N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminobiphenyl, which can
      undergo further oxidation to a nitrone that hydrolyzes to formaldehyde and N
      hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl.

PMID- 3357880
TI  - Bidirectional control of the chicken beta- and epsilon-globin genes by a shared
      enhancer.
AB  - An enhancer specific to erythroid cells was identified previously in the 3'
      flanking sequence of the chicken adult beta-globin gene and shown to act on the
      beta-globin promoter. This enhancer lies between the adult beta-globin gene and
      the embryonic epsilon-globin gene, about equidistant from the two promoters. To
      determine whether this enhancer acts also on the epsilon-globin promoter, we
      constructed plasmids containing the enhancer and either the beta- or the epsilon
      globin promoter fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene.
      Primary chicken erythrocytes of both primitive and definitive lineages were
      transfected with these plasmids. We show that the enhancer is able to stimulate
      expression from the epsilon-globin promoter as well as the beta-globin promoter.
      Levels of expression change with the developmental stage of the cell in a way
      that is partially consistent with the observed developmental regulation of the
      beta- and epsilon-globin genes in vivo. There appear to be no other enhancer
      elements either 5' of the epsilon-globin gene or within 6 kilobase pairs of its
      3' end. Thus, the enhancer between the beta- and epsilon-globin genes apparently
      serves to regulate both genes.

PMID- 3357881
TI  - Structure of the octopine synthase upstream activator sequence.
AB  - We have identified a transcriptional activating element within the 5' flanking
      sequence of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine synthase (ocs) gene that is
      necessary for ocs expression in transformed tobacco calli. This element is
      located between 333 and 116 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation
      site and functions independent of orientation when placed upstream of the ocs
      gene. It does not function in either orientation when placed downstream of the
      gene, nor can it activate its promoter when separated by a distance of 608 base
      pairs. Deletion analysis indicates that sequences essential for activator
      function are localized between 222 and 177 base pairs upstream of the
      transcription initiation site. Another region, located between 333 and 249 base
      pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site, does not as a monomer
      activate the ocs promoter, but it can as a dimer.

PMID- 3357882
TI  - Thymine dimers bend DNA.
AB  - A 32-base-pair DNA fragment containing a thymine photodimer was constructed and
      ligated head-to-tail to obtain multimers of this sequence in which thymine dimers
      were in phase with the helix screw axis (approximately equal to 3 turns apart).
      The ligation products were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and quantitative electron microscopy. These analyses show that
      the thymine photodimer introduces a bend of approximately equal to 30 degrees in
      DNA, which causes anomalously slow migration of DNA fragments in polyacrylamide
      gels and facilitates the formation of small covalent circles. Repair of thymine
      dimers by DNA photolyase abolishes the anomalous migration.

PMID- 3357883
TI  - Evidence that glutamic acid 167 is an active-site residue of Shiga-like toxin I.
AB  - Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin I, a close relative of Shiga toxin and a
      distant relative of the ricin family of plant toxins, inhibits eukaryotic protein
      synthesis by catalyzing the depurination of adenosine 4324 in 28S rRNA. By
      comparing the crystallographic structure of ricin with amino acids conserved
      between the Shiga and ricin toxin families, we identified seven potential active
      site residues of Shiga-like toxin I. The structural gene encoding Shiga-like
      toxin I A chain (Slt-IA), the enzymatically active subunit, was engineered for
      high expression in E. coli. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the gene for
      Slt-IA was used to change glutamic acid 167 to aspartic acid. As measured by an
      in vitro assay for inhibition of protein synthesis, the specific activity of
      mutant Slt-IA was decreased by a factor of 1000 compared to wild-type Slt-IA.
      Immunoblots showed that mutant and wild-type Slt-IA were synthesized as full
      length proteins and were processed correctly by signal peptidase. Both proteins
      were equally susceptible to trypsin digestion, suggesting that the amino acid
      substitution did not produce a major alteration in Slt-IA conformation. We
      conclude that glutamic acid 167 is critical for activity of the Shiga-like toxin
      I A chain and may be located at the active site.

PMID- 3357884
TI  - Some rules for predicting the base-sequence dependence of DNA conformation.
AB  - Two tables have been constructed showing the crystal and solution conformations
      of short sequences of DNA. Each of these DNAs has been found to be in one of
      three different conformations--the A, B, or Z form--depending upon the base
      sequence and the environmental conditions. A set of rules is presented showing
      the tendency of certain base pairs to direct the DNA conformation into the A, B,
      or Z genus in saturated salt solutions and in crystals. These rules are based on
      a consideration of nearest-neighbor interactions that are interpreted in terms of
      10 different two-letter code words made from the letters denoting the bases
      guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), and thymine (T). One table discusses the
      effect on DNA conformation of 3 strong words that tend to direct a DNA oligomer
      into either the A, B, or Z genus in crystals or in aqueous solutions containing a
      high salt concentration (6 M). The second table discusses the remaining 7 code
      words that appear to have a much weaker effect on conformation. The sequences
      that are most likely to lead to A-Z, B-Z, and A-B junctions are discussed, as is
      the possible biological significance of these rules.

PMID- 3357885
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced terminal differentiation is inhibited in human U-937
      monoblastic cells expressing a v-myc oncogene.
AB  - Induction of differentiation of the human monoblastic cell line U-937 in vitro by
      several physiologic and nonphysiologic inducers is accompanied by a rapid
      decrease in expression of MYC, the endogenous human myc protooncogene. To
      investigate whether this reduction is a prerequisite for terminal
      differentiation, we introduced a constitutively expressed v-myc gene into U-937
      cells. The results show that constitutive expression of an avian v-myc oncogene
      does not interfere with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced differentiation
      of U-937 cells early after stimulation. However, after 24 hr the differentiation
      process is reversed, as judged by a full recovery of the proliferative capacity
      and reexpression of the immature phenotype, within the next 2-4 days. We conclude
      that the terminal stage of macrophage differentiation is inhibited in U-937 cells
      constitutively expressing a v-myc oncogene.

PMID- 3357886
TI  - Directional mutation pressure and neutral molecular evolution.
AB  - A quantitative theory of directional mutation pressure proposed in 1962 explained
      the wide variation of DNA base composition observed among different bacteria and
      its small heterogeneity within individual bacterial species. The theory was based
      on the assumption that the effect of mutation on a genome is not random but has a
      directionality toward higher or lower guanine-plus-cytosine content of DNA, and
      this pressure generates directional changes more in neutral parts of the genome
      than in functionally significant parts. Now that DNA sequence data are available,
      the theory allows the estimation of the extent of neutrality of directional
      mutation pressure against selection. Newly defined parameters were used in the
      analysis, and two apparently universal constants were discovered. Analysis of DNA
      sequence has revealed that practically all organisms are subject to directional
      mutation pressure. The theory also offers plausible explanations for the large
      heterogeneity in guanine-plus-cytosine content among different parts of the
      vertebrate genome.

PMID- 3357887
TI  - Intron conservation across the prokaryote-eukaryote boundary: structure of the
      nuclear gene for chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from maize.
AB  - The nuclear gene encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (GAPDH) from maize has been cloned and sequenced. The gene is G + C rich in its
      coding sequences and, in addition, contains a CpG-rich region surrounding the
      promoter. Further upstream several enhancer-like repetitions have been identified
      that may control the light- and phytochrome-mediated expression of this gene. The
      gene is interrupted by three introns. Introns 1 and 2 are located within the
      sequence encoding the transit peptide, dividing it into three parts, each
      containing one of the three major homology blocks typical for transit peptides of
      nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins. Intron 3 is located at codon 166 (glycine)
      at the same nucleotide position as intron 1 in the GAPDH gene from the nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that this intron was present in the parental
      GAPDH gene from which these two modern descendants originated. Intron 3 divides
      the GAPDH protein into its two constituent domains, the NAD-binding and the
      catalytic domain, immediately after helix alpha 1 at a position homologous to
      that of intron 9 in the gene for maize alcohol dehydrogenase, thereby confirming
      the prediction of Branden et al. on the basis of gene-protein structure
      correlations in maize alcohol dehydrogenase for the placement of introns in the
      GAPDH gene [Branden, C.I., Eklund, H., Cambillau, C. & Pryor, A.J. (1984) EMBO J.
      3, 1307-1310]. These results suggest that intron 3 is an archetypical relic of
      early GAPDH and alcohol dehydrogenase evolution, whereas introns 1 and 2 were
      implicated in the evolution of chloroplast transit peptides.

PMID- 3357888
TI  - Characterization of histamine H1-receptor binding peptides in guinea pig brain
      using [125I]iodoazidophenpyramine, an irreversible specific photoaffinity probe.
AB  - Aminophenpyramine--i.e., N-(5-[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethanamidopentyl])-N'-(4
      methoxybenzyl)-N-m ethyl-N'- (2-pyridinyl)-1,2-ethanediamine, a derivative of
      mepyramine (pyrilamine), a typical antagonist of histamine at its H1 receptor-
      was synthesized and converted into [125I)iodoazidophenpyramine, a potential
      photoaffinity probe for the H1 receptor. In the dark, reversible binding of this
      probe to cerebellar membranes occurred with a Kd of 1.2 x 10(-11) M and a Bmax of
      240 fmol/mg of protein and was inhibited by various H1-receptor antagonists with
      the expected potencies. These features establish the compound as one of the most
      potent H1-receptor antagonists known so far. Upon UV irradiation, 5% of the bound
      radioactivity was covalently incorporated into cerebellar membrane polypeptides
      as shown by standard NaDodSO4/PAGE. Two bands of 47 and 56 kDa were consistently
      labeled, labeling being prevented by various H1-receptor antagonists with the
      expected potencies and stereoselectivity. In the presence of protease inhibitors,
      labeling of the 56-kDa peptide increased at the expense of the 47-kDa peptide,
      suggesting that the latter was produced by hydrolysis of the former under the
      action of membrane proteases. In the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, a band of 350
      400 kDa appeared, apparently at the expense of the lighter bands, suggesting that
      the latter might be linked by one or more disulfide bridges to a higher molecular
      mass complex. We propose that at least part of the ligand binding domain of the
      histamine H1 receptor resides within a subunit of apparent molecular mass 56,000.

PMID- 3357889
TI  - Altered controls of proliferation in proximal small intestine of the senescent
      rat.
AB  - The proximal small intestine responds to starvation by rapidly reducing crypt
      cell proliferation rate and villus cellularity and to resumption of food intake
      (refeeding) by abruptly increasing proliferation and the number of villus
      epithelial cells. We show that villus cellularity responds to starvation and
      refeeding similarly in young and aging animals. However, as compared to young
      animals, senescent rats showed increased basal DNA synthetic activity, starvation
      resulted in a smaller decrease in DNA labeling of crypt cells, and refeeding
      produced an abrupt broadening of the proliferative zone in older animals without
      concomitant increased numbers of villus cells. Such altered crypt proliferative
      responses resemble precancerous changes seen in the colon and the aberrant
      proliferation found in both small and large intestine after administration of the
      carcinogen dimethylhydrazine.

PMID- 3357890
TI  - Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and
      other tissues.
AB  - A cDNA encoding a specific form of thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human
      liver, kidney, placenta, and brain was isolated from a human kidney library.
      Identical clones were found in human placenta and HepG2 cDNA libraries. The cDNA
      encodes a 490-amino acid protein (Mr, 54,824). When expressed and translated in
      vitro, the protein product binds triiodothyronine with Ka of 2.3 X 10(9) M-1.
      This protein, designated human thyroid hormone receptor type alpha 2 (hTR alpha
      2), has the same domain structure as other members of the v-erbA-related
      superfamily of receptor genes. It is similar to thyroid hormone receptor type
      alpha described in chicken and rat and less similar to human thyroid hormone
      receptor type beta (formerly referred to as c-erbA beta) from placenta. However,
      it is distinguished from these receptors by an extension of the C-terminal
      hormone binding domain making it 80 amino acids longer than rat thyroid hormone
      receptor type alpha 1 [Thompson, C.C., Weinberger, C., Lebo, R. & Evans, R. M.
      (1987) Science 237, 1610-1614]. Different sizes of mRNA found in liver (2.5
      kilobases) and kidney (2 kilobases) suggest there may be tissue-specific
      processing of the primary transcript of this gene. Identification of human
      thyroid hormone receptor type alpha 2 indicates that two or more forms of thyroid
      hormone receptor exist in human tissues and may explain the normal variation in
      thyroid hormone responsiveness of various organs and the selective tissue
      abnormalities found in the thyroid hormone resistance syndromes.

PMID- 3357891
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine: a chemotactic factor for human monocytes and its
      potential role in atherogenesis.
AB  - Native low density lipoprotein (LDL) does not affect monocyte/macrophage
      motility. On the other hand, oxidatively modified LDL inhibits the motility of
      resident peritoneal macrophages yet acts as a chemotactic factor for circulating
      human monocytes. We now show that lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho), which is
      generated by a phospholipase A2 activity during LDL oxidation, is a potent
      chemotactic factor for monocytes. It is not chemotactic for neutrophils or for
      resident macrophages. Platelet-activating factor, after treatment with
      phospholipase A2, becomes chemotactic for monocytes, whereas the intact factor is
      not. Synthetic 1-palmitoyl-lyso-PtdCho showed chemotactic activity comparable to
      that of the lyso-PtdCho fraction derived from oxidized LDL. The results suggest
      that lyso-PtdCho in oxidized LDL may favor recruitment of monocytes into the
      arterial wall during the early stages of atherogenesis. Generation of lyso
      PtdCho, either from LDL itself or from membrane phospholipids of damaged cells,
      could play a more general role in inflammatory processes throughout the body.

PMID- 3357892
TI  - Identification of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes with distinct patterns of
      sensitivity to serum neutralization.
AB  - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 displays a high degree of genetic
      variation, especially in the glycoprotein (gp120) domain of the envelope gene. To
      determine whether this genomic heterogeneity leads to the expression of
      independent HIV subtypes, 12 sera from HIV type 1 antibody-positive individuals
      were tested for their ability to neutralize 20 HIV isolates of various origins.
      Four distinct HIV subtypes with different sensitivity to serum neutralization
      were identified. These results suggest that a finite number of HIV subtypes exist
      and that the combined use of selected HIV isolates representing several subtypes
      may be necessary for the development of an effective vaccine.

PMID- 3357893
TI  - Neural regulation of acetylcholine sensitivity in embryonic sympathetic neurons.
AB  - The development of transmitter sensitivity is an important component of synaptic
      differentiation. Despite a wealth of information about the appearance of
      acetylcholine (AcCho) sensitivity at the neuromuscular junction, the onset and
      regulation of this critical aspect of synaptogenesis has not previously been
      examined for synapse formation between neurons. To determine whether there is a
      role of presynaptic input in the induction of AcCho sensitivity at interneuronal
      synapses, AcCho-induced currents were measured in embryonic sympathetic neurons
      before and after synapse formation in vitro. The total AcCho sensitivity of
      postsynaptic neurons was increased nearly 10-fold after innervation. The effects
      of innervation are mimicked by medium conditioned by preganglionic neurons,
      suggesting that presynaptic neurons regulate postsynaptic AcCho sensitivity by
      release of a soluble factor. These observations provide evidence that presynaptic
      input regulates neuronal sensitivity to an identified synaptic transmitter.

PMID- 3357894
TI  - A plausible neural circuit for classical conditioning without synaptic
      plasticity.
AB  - The cellular bases of learning are currently under active investigation by both
      experimental and theoretical means. In this paper, a simple neuronal wiring
      diagram is proposed that can reproduce both simple and higher-order behavioral
      paradigms seen in invertebrate classical conditioning experiments. Learning in
      this model does not take place by modification of synaptic strength values.
      Instead, the model uses a layer of interneurons with modifiable thresholds for
      spike initiation, as suggested by the plasticity mechanisms thought to operate in
      Hermissenda [Alkon, D. L. (1983) Sci. Am. 249, 70-84]. The model therefore has an
      advantage in plausibility compared with more standard models using Hebb synapses
      or their functional equivalents, which have not yet been demonstrated in any
      invertebrate organism.

PMID- 3357897
TI  - The St. Lawrence's experience: resettling people with a mental handicap.

PMID- 3357895
TI  - D1-type dopamine receptors inhibit growth cone motility in cultured retina
      neurons: evidence that neurotransmitters act as morphogenic growth regulators in
      the developing central nervous system.
AB  - Precedent exists for the early development and subsequent down-regulation of
      neurotransmitter receptor systems in the vertebrate central nervous system, but
      the function of such embryonic receptors has not been established. Here we show
      that stimulation of early-developing dopamine receptors in avian retina cells
      greatly inhibits the motility of neuronal growth cones. Neurons from embryonic
      chicken retinas were cultured in low-density monolayers, and their growth cones
      were observed with phase-contrast or video-enhanced-contrast-differential
      interference-contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy. Approximately 25% of the neurons
      responded to micromolar dopamine with a rapid reduction in filopodial activity
      followed by a flattening of growth cones and retraction of neurites. The response
      occurred at all ages examined (embryonic day-8 retinal neurons cultured on
      polylysine-coated coverslips for 1-7 days), although neurite retraction was
      greatest in younger cultures. Effects of dopamine on growth cone function could
      be reversed by haloperidol or (+)-SCH 23390, whereas forskolin elicited a
      response similar to dopamine; these data show the response was receptor-mediated,
      acting through a D1-type system, and are consistent with the use of cAMP as a
      second messenger. The experiments provide strong support for the hypothesis that
      neurotransmitters, besides mediating transynaptic signaling in the adult, may
      have a role in neuronal differentiation as growth regulators.

PMID- 3357898
TI  - Recording central venous pressure.

PMID- 3357896
TI  - Membrane depolarization and carbamoylcholine stimulate phosphatidylinositol
      turnover in intact nerve terminals.
AB  - Synaptosomes, purified from rat cerebral cortex, were prelabeled with
      [3H]inositol to study phosphatidylinositol turnover in nerve terminals. Labeled
      synaptosomes were either depolarized with 40 mM K+ or exposed to carbamoylcholine
      (carbachol). K+ depolarization increased the level of inositol phosphates in a
      time-dependent manner. The inositol trisphosphate concentration increased rapidly
      and transiently, reaching maximum (250% of control) in less than 3 sec and
      returning to near basal levels by 30 sec. The inositol bisphosphate level also
      increased rapidly, but its elevated level (220% of control) was sustained during
      continued depolarization. The elevated level of inositol bisphosphate was
      reversed upon repolarization of the synaptosomes. The level of inositol
      monophosphate increased slowly to 120-130% of control. These effects of K+
      depolarization depended on the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium.
      Carbachol stimulated the turnover of phosphatidylinositol in a dose- and time
      dependent manner. The level of inositol trisphosphate increased only slightly
      (120-130% of control) during carbachol stimulation. The level of inositol
      bisphosphate increased to 210% of control, and this maximal response was seen
      from 15 to 60 min. Accumulation of inositol monophosphate (250% of control) was
      larger than that of inositol bisphosphate, but its time course was slower.
      Atropine and pirenzepine inhibited the carbachol effect with high affinities of
      0.8 nM and 16 nM, respectively, indicating that the effect of carbachol was
      mediated by activation of a M1 muscarinic receptor. Incubation of synaptosomes in
      Ca2+-free buffer reduced the response to carbachol by 30%, and addition of EGTA
      abolished it. These data show that both Ca2+ influx and M1 muscarinic receptor
      activation stimulate phospholipase C activity in synaptosomes, suggesting that
      phosphatidylinositol turnover may be involved in regulating neurotransmitter
      release from nerve terminals.

PMID- 3357899
TI  - Criteria for ideal wound dressings.

PMID- 3357900
TI  - Wound dressings: think again.

PMID- 3357901
TI  - What is management?

PMID- 3357902
TI  - Factors affecting pain assessment.

PMID- 3357903
TI  - Participation in a curriculum committee.

PMID- 3357904
TI  - The development of stoma care.

PMID- 3357905
TI  - Writing the off-duty.

PMID- 3357906
TI  - Incontinence: who cares?

PMID- 3357907
TI  - Taking risks with patients--your assessment strategy.

PMID- 3357908
TI  - How antibiotics work.

PMID- 3357909
TI  - Teamwork: an equal partnership?

PMID- 3357910
TI  - Effects of repeated oral doses of fenflumizole on platelet aggregation and
      thromboxane formation in man ex vivo.
AB  - Anti-platelet effects of fenflumizole, a new cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, were
      studied in man ex vivo. Fenflumizole was given to male volunteers at the oral
      doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg per day, each dose for a period of seven days. The
      formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) during whole blood clotting, platelet
      aggregation induced by arachidonic acid and ADP, the formation of TXB2 during
      aggregation as well as serum concentration of fenflumizole were measured
      repeatedly during drug administration and for a fortnight after drug
      discontinuation. TXB2 formation during whole blood clotting was decreased dose
      dependently by fenflumizole. The degree of inhibition of TXB2 formation was
      proportional to fenflumizole concentration in serum within each individual. The
      lag phase of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was prolonged and
      the formation of TXB2 during aggregation decreased by fenflumizole. No total
      inhibition of either TXB2 synthesis or platelet aggregation was caused by the
      fenflumizole doses used. The results show that the degree of inhibition of
      platelet thromboxane forming capacity by repeated doses of fenflumizole is
      closely related to the concentration of the drug in blood. Platelet aggregation
      however is less sensitive to changes in fenflumizole levels and cannot be
      assessed solely on the basis of cyclo-oxygenase activity.

PMID- 3357911
TI  - In vitro effect of trichosanic acid, a major component of Trichosanthes japonica
      on platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets.
AB  - The in vitro effect of trichosanic acid (TCA; C18:3, omega-5), a major component
      of Trichosanthes japonica, on platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid (AA)
      metabolism in human platelets was studied. TCA dose-dependently suppressed
      platelet aggregation of platelet rich plasma and washed platelets. TCA decreased
      collagen (50 micrograms/ml)-stimulated production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 12
      hydroxyhepta-decatrienoic acid (HHT) in a dose-dependent manner, while that of 12
      hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) was rather enhanced. The conversion of
      exogenously added [14C]AA to [14C]TXB2 and [14C]HHT in washed platelets was dose
      dependently reduced by the addition of TCA, while that to [14C]12-HETE was
      increased. Similar observations were obtained when linolenic acid (LNA; C18:3,
      omega-3) was used. These results suggest that TCA may decrease TXA2 formation in
      platelets, probably due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway, and thereby
      reduce platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3357912
TI  - The effect of adrenalectomy on the aggregation of rat blood platelets and the
      endogenous formation of thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic
      acid.
AB  - Rat platelets were isolated and labelled with [1-14C] arachidonic acid. After
      aggregation thromboxane B2, 12-hydroxy 5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 12
      hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) were the main metabolites formed. A
      comparison was made between several properties of the platelets of
      adrenalectomized and sham operated rats. There was no difference in collagen
      induced aggregation. The amount of 12-HETE and the sum of TxB2 and 12-HETE formed
      from endogenous arachidonic acid after aggregation was higher in the first group.

PMID- 3357913
TI  - [The responsibility of the nurse].

PMID- 3357914
TI  - [Current treatment of burns in children].

PMID- 3357916
TI  - [Our holiday in the hospital in Poznan].

PMID- 3357915
TI  - [Dermatomes and ... herbs. Interview by Maria Lesnikowska].

PMID- 3357917
TI  - [Capping in Szczecin].

PMID- 3357918
TI  - [Burns concomitant with multiple organ injury].

PMID- 3357919
TI  - [Amputation--prosthesis or replantation of the extremity?].

PMID- 3357920
TI  - [The main tasks in the field of nursing care in 1988].

PMID- 3357921
TI  - [The sequelae of burns and their treatment].

PMID- 3357922
TI  - [Examinations of the acid-base equilibrium in the obstetrical clinic. I].

PMID- 3357923
TI  - Irradiated cartilage.

PMID- 3357924
TI  - Trends in ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3357925
TI  - Women's health care.

PMID- 3357927
TI  - Multiplanar imaging of the hip: a systematic approach.
AB  - Computed tomography has become an invaluable adjunct for the evaluation of
      musculoskeletal pathology. Although the transaxial image presentation has
      distinct advantages over conventional radiography, the ability to reformat the
      acquired data into coronal, sagittal, or oblique planes contributes to a more
      thorough understanding of complex anatomy such as that of the hip joint. This
      article reviews our experience with a series of over 500 hip cases using the
      multiplanar reformatting and display [MPR/D] package developed for use on the
      Siemens Somatom DR-3 scanner.

PMID- 3357926
TI  - R(-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-77 bromoamphetamine [77Br-R(-)DOB]: a novel radioligand
      which labels a 5-HT binding site subtype.
AB  - R(-)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-77Br-amphetamine [77Br-R(-)DOB], a radioligand of high
      specific activity (1500 +/- 200 Ci/mmol), was used to label membrane-associated
      recognition sites in rat brain. 77Br-R(-)DOB sites were of high affinity (KD =
      0.19 nM) but low density (Bmax = 0.32 pmol/g tissue) in rat brain preparations.
      Competition experiments show that both 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT2
      antagonists display nanomolar potency for these sites. We conclude that 77Br-R(
      )DOB labels 5-HT recognition sites in rat brain which do not fit into current
      classifications of 5-HT binding subtypes. This finding may be of aid in
      deciphering the mechanism of action of hallucinogens in man.

PMID- 3357928
TI  - External funding sources for radiology equipment.
AB  - External funding sources are available to your organization for the purchase of
      radiology equipment, yet they often remain untapped because organizations do not
      believe they are eligible. This article provides an introduction to the procedure
      for seeking such funds. Basic terminology, the three major sources for funding,
      and some examples of foundation awards are presented.

PMID- 3357929
TI  - Parental participation in pediatric radiographic procedures: help or hindrance?
AB  - Our institution has adopted a policy that restricts parents' participation in the
      radiographic procedure of their child to special cases only. The pros and cons of
      parental participation are presented by reporting on surveys taken of
      technologists and parents. The article also offers suggestions on dealing with
      the irate or frightened parent.

PMID- 3357930
TI  - X-ray tube warm-ups.

PMID- 3357931
TI  - Integrating clinical education into the curriculum development process.
AB  - Radiologic technology education consists of three components--didactic,
      laboratory, and clinical. For effective education to take place and for each
      program to meet its goal of preparing practitioners who have a firm theoretical
      foundation and are proficient technologically in radiologic technology, the three
      components must be integrated. Integration facilitates the transfer of
      theoretical and practical knowledge into the intellectual, psychomotor, and
      affective skills necessary for patient care. The totality of the integrated
      educational experience makes the competent professional. Integration of the
      educational components is best achieved by a systematic approach to curriculum
      development. The steps in the curriculum development process consist of (1) the
      formulation of a philosophy; (2) the establishment of competencies; (3) the
      identification of resources; (4) the development and sequencing of courses; (5)
      the identification of teaching strategies; and (6) evaluation. When the clinical
      component of the educational program is weighted appropriately and well
      integrated into a systematic process of curriculum development, student learning
      is maximized and graduate professional performance is enhanced.

PMID- 3357932
TI  - Practical connectivity.
AB  - In conclusion, this introduction to connectivity is intended to open up some
      vision into the possibilities that computer communications offer us. At the same
      time, some practical hints have been provided that can lead to positive action to
      take advantage of connectivity, if not immediately, then certainly in our future
      planning.

PMID- 3357933
TI  - Departmental image: consumer perceptions.
AB  - The image of any radiology facility is a direct result of perceptions gathered by
      the consumer of their services. These consumers--referring physicians and
      patients--may be inaccurate in their perceptions, but it is these perceptions
      that form the basis for their opinions. Damage to the image of the facility may
      occur as a result of inaccurate but negative perceptions. Such negative
      perceptions must be determined and addressed in the promotion of a favorable
      community image. Actual increases or decreases in referrals to a radiology
      facility are directly related to the image of that faculty within its medical
      community.

PMID- 3357934
TI  - Hypertext, hypermedia, and hyperwebs.

PMID- 3357935
TI  - Scatter error.

PMID- 3357936
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disorders.

PMID- 3357938
TI  - Real estate investment--a home.

PMID- 3357937
TI  - Preparing for the registry examination.

PMID- 3357939
TI  - Pneumonia in children and some of its variants.
AB  - Pneumonia is still a major threat to the health of children. Carefully planned,
      meticulously performed, and thoughtfully analyzed chest radiography--occasionally
      supplemented by fluoroscopy, esophagography, computed tomography, and other
      studies--remains radiology's chief contribution to the control of this illness.

PMID- 3357940
TI  - Crohn disease: perirectal and perianal findings at CT.
AB  - The computed tomographic scans of 200 consecutive patients with Crohn disease
      were studied to determine the frequency and patterns of perirectal and perianal
      involvement. In 163 patients (82%) abnormalities in the perirectal-perianal
      region were demonstrated; findings included inflammation of fat planes (73%),
      bowel wall thickening (30%), fistulas or sinus tracts (22%), and abscesses (14%).
      Fistulas or sinus tracts occurred with equal frequency above or below the level
      of the anterior symphysis pubis. Abscesses, rectal thickening, and inflammatory
      infiltration of fat occurred more than twice as often above the symphysis pubis.
      However, 37% of patients had manifestations of Crohn disease below the symphysis
      pubis, emphasizing the importance of extending scanning sequences to the
      perineum.

PMID- 3357941
TI  - Gastric adenocarcinoma: CT versus surgical staging.
AB  - Seventy-five patients with gastric carcinoma underwent preoperative staging with
      computed tomography (CT). In 14 patients, CT failed to demonstrate
      lymphadenopathy despite the presence of malignant lymph nodes at surgery. In 13
      patients, CT demonstrated enlarged nodes, but no malignant involvement was found
      at surgery. Although spread to the pancreas was correctly predicted in three
      patients with lack of fat plane between tumor and pancreas, five patients lacking
      a fat plane had no invasion, whereas eight patients with an intact fat plane had
      invasion. Thirty-five patients (47%) were incorrectly staged with CT:23 (31%)
      were understaged and 12 (16%) were overstaged. CT does not accurately display the
      true extent of disease in patients with gastric carcinoma and therefore should
      not be used routinely for staging.

PMID- 3357942
TI  - Distal esophageal ballooning following Heller myotomy.
AB  - Eccentric ballooning of the distal esophagus was observed radiographically in 11
      of 23 patients (48%) who underwent Heller myotomy for achalasia. While, to the
      authors' knowledge, ballooning at the site of myotomy incision has not been
      described previously in the radiologic literature, it should be recognized as a
      normal and frequent postoperative finding. Radiologists should be aware of this
      finding so that it is not mistaken for postoperative abnormalities following
      esophagomyotomy or an epiphrenic diverticulum.

PMID- 3357943
TI  - Light scanning of nonpalpable breast lesions: reevaluation.

PMID- 3357944
TI  - Mediastinal nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma: comparison between CT and
      mediastinoscopy.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) and mediastinoscopy were compared in 151 patients with
      bronchogenic carcinoma. In all patients in whom findings at mediastinoscopy were
      negative, all accessible nodes were either removed or sampled at thoracotomy.
      Several size criteria for identifying nodes as enlarged on CT scans were
      compared. The long axis greater than or equal to 15 mm and short axis greater
      than 10 mm had very low sensitivity (61%), and the long axis greater than 5 mm
      had a low specificity (23%). CT (long axis greater than 10 mm) allowed
      sensitivity equal to that of mediastinoscopy (79%) in the detection of
      mediastinal metastases, but the specificity with CT was lower (65% vs. 100%). In
      seven of 44 patients with nodes greater than 10 mm on CT scans and with positive
      findings at mediastinoscopy, tumor was present not in the enlarged nodes but
      rather in normal-sized nodes in a different nodal station. The sensitivity of CT
      for actual nodal stations involved with tumor was only 66%. Eighty-three percent
      of patients with false-negative findings at mediastinoscopy but only 33% of
      patients with false-negative findings at CT had surgically resectable stage IIIa
      disease.

PMID- 3357945
TI  - Renal cell carcinoma: dynamic thin-section CT assessment of vascular invasion and
      tumor vascularity.
AB  - Dynamic thin-section computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate renal cell
      carcinoma in 80 patients. The lesion was correctly staged with CT in 90% of
      patients. With use of the dynamic technique, the ipsilateral renal vein was
      depicted in 99% of patients. Extension of the tumor to the renal vein or the
      inferior vena cava was correctly detected in 18 of 19 patients. Actual depiction
      of tumor thrombus was a far more accurate indicator of renal vein invasion than
      was the identification of isolated renal vein enlargement. Dynamic thin-section
      CT of the kidney should be considered the routine method for comparison studies
      with other newer cross-sectional techniques in the evaluation of renal cell
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3357946
TI  - Pseudoureteroceles following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - Routine follow-up urography demonstrated pseudoureteroceles caused by impacted
      calculus fragments in the distal portion of the ureter in five patients who had
      undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal calculi 4-6 weeks
      before. Although all five patients showed some degree of obstruction at the time
      of follow-up urography, four were asymptomatic. Either small isolated fragments
      (two patients) or a column (steinstrasse) of fragments (three patients) was
      responsible for the abnormality. Two patients required further intervention to
      relieve the obstruction.

PMID- 3357947
TI  - Calcified transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis.
AB  - Six patients with calcified transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis were
      encountered over a 10-year period, and the radiographic features in these cases
      are presented. Radiographically discernible calcification is one of the less
      common manifestations of this lesion, and the pattern of calcification may be
      variable. However, the combination of a coarse, punctate pattern with a mucosal
      lesion on excretory or retrograde urography should suggest the diagnosis and
      prompt further investigation.

PMID- 3357948
TI  - Nonfatal venous air embolism after contrast-enhanced CT.
AB  - Contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed in 100
      patients. Fifty milliliters of contrast material was intravenously injected by
      hand and followed by a drip infusion of 100 mL of contrast material. Venous air
      embolism occurred in 23% of the patients. The amount of embolism was minimal in
      20 patients and moderate in three. Although large amounts of embolism have been
      reported to be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, none of the
      patients in this study had immediate or delayed complications as a result of the
      small degree of embolism. The locations of the emboli were in the subclavian or
      axillary vein in nine, right or left brachiocephalic vein in three, internal
      jugular vein in two, superior vena cava in two, right ventricle in two, and main
      pulmonary artery in 12 patients. In patients at high risk for cerebral air
      embolism, such as those with intracardiac shunts or pulmonary arteriovenous
      malformations, extreme caution should be used--even in the routine administration
      of intravenous fluids or contrast media--to prevent venous air embolism and
      resultant neurologic deficits.

PMID- 3357949
TI  - High-flow-rate arteriovenous malformation model for simulated therapeutic
      embolization.
AB  - A laboratory model of an arteriovenous malformation has been developed.
      Embolizations of the model were successfully performed under fluoroscopic
      guidance with collagen particles and cyanoacrylate liquid polymer. The model is
      inexpensive, easy to construct, and reduces the need for laboratory animals.

PMID- 3357950
TI  - Aberrant placement of a Kimray-Greenfield filter in the right atrium:
      percutaneous retrieval.
AB  - A Kimray-Greenfield filter was inadvertently placed in the right atrium of a
      patient with multiple pulmonary emboli. A percutaneous technique with the use of
      a chest tube and basket catheter was performed to retrieve and remove the filter.

PMID- 3357951
TI  - Mitral or aortic regurgitation: quantification of regurgitant volumes with cine
      MR imaging.
AB  - A new, rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method, cine MR imaging, was used to
      determine the regurgitant fraction (RF) in patients with left-sided regurgitant
      lesions. Right and left ventricular stroke volumes were determined with cine MR
      imaging and a modified Simpson formula in ten healthy volunteers and 23 patients
      known to have either predominant mitral (n = 17) or aortic (n = 6) regurgitation.
      RFs evaluated at cine MR imaging were compared in healthy persons and patients
      with mild, moderate, or severe regurgitation demonstrated at angiography (n = 10)
      and Doppler echocardiography (n = 13). Cine MR imaging depicted regurgitant blood
      flow in all 29 regurgitant lesions in 23 patients as areas of low signal
      intensity within the regurgitant chamber. The RF was 4% +/- 7% in healthy
      subjects and 12% +/- 12% in those with mild, 35% +/- 14% in those with moderate,
      and 63% +/- 5% in those with severe regurgitation. The RFs determined by two
      observers were similar.

PMID- 3357952
TI  - Infected pancreatic fluid collections: percutaneous catheter drainage.
AB  - Thirty-eight infected pancreatic fluid collections in 23 patients with acute or
      chronic pancreatitis were drained percutaneously following initial diagnosis with
      computed tomography and fine-needle aspiration. Fifteen (65.2%) patients were
      cured completely without surgery. Eight (34.8%) patients required some type of
      surgery despite successful treatment of the fluid collection, and in two (6.5%)
      the collection recurred after catheter removal. Complications occurred in three
      (13%) patients, but only one complication (4%), empyema, was a direct result of
      catheter drainage. Catheter drainage time averaged 29 days for 16 patients with
      isolated collections and 96 days and 104 days for patients with collections with
      pancreatic duct fistulas (nine patients) or gastrointestinal fistulas (14
      patients), respectively. This study confirms that infected pancreatic fluid
      collections can be safely and effectively treated with percutaneous catheter
      techniques in most patients.

PMID- 3357953
TI  - Complicated pancreatic abscesses: problems in interventional management.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with grade D or E pancreatitis underwent percutaneous
      drainage. These patients required multiple computed tomography (CT) examinations,
      multiple catheter insertions, multiple catheter manipulations, and long-term
      catheter drainage. Eight of the 25 patients were successfully treated with
      catheter drainage alone. Sixteen underwent surgical drainage, ten after attempts
      at percutaneous drainage and six prior to radiologic drainage. Of the ten
      patients who had initial percutaneous drainage, only four were clinically
      improved from the drainage procedure alone. Although the fluid component of the
      abscess was often adequately drained in all ten patients, surgery was required to
      remove pieces of necrotic debris. Six patients who underwent surgical debridement
      had residual abscesses in the post-operative period and were all successfully
      treated with percutaneous drainage. One patient died from unrelated causes.
      Successful interventional management of patients with pancreatic abscesses
      requires intensive radiologic intervention and monitoring and may be better
      served by a combination of radiologic and surgical means.

PMID- 3357954
TI  - Renal and related retroperitoneal abscesses: percutaneous drainage.
AB  - Renal and related retroperitoneal abscesses cause significant morbidity and
      mortality and almost always require drainage. The authors report 18 cases of
      percutaneous drainage of renal and related retroperitoneal abscesses, all of
      which were successfully managed. In 11 of these cases (61%), percutaneous
      drainage constituted the only treatment required. In the remaining seven (39%),
      the patients' clinical status improved after percutaneous drainage, and they were
      able to undergo subsequent elective nephrectomy with fewer complications. These
      results are comparable to those achieved with percutaneous abdominal abscess
      drainage and justify the use of percutaneous drainage for renal and related
      retroperitoneal abscesses as the therapeutic procedure of choice.

PMID- 3357955
TI  - Transhepatic balloon dilation of the distal common bile duct and ampulla of Vater
      for removal of calculi.
AB  - In 17 patients with common bile duct calculi, percutaneous transhepatic balloon
      dilation of the distal common bile duct and the ampulla of Vater
      (hepaticopancreatic ampulla) was performed. The calculi were pushed into the
      duodenum with the catheter, and all were removed without significant
      complications. This method of calculus removal is an effective alternative to
      surgery or endoscopic sphincterotomy.

PMID- 3357956
TI  - Difficult thoracic lesions: CT-guided biopsy experience in 150 cases.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was used to guide percutaneous fine-needle biopsy in 150
      cases of difficult thoracic lesions; in 76 cases, nondiagnostic bronchoscopy (n =
      62) and fluoroscopic biopsy (n = 14) had previously been performed. CT was
      indicated for guidance when the pulmonary or pleural lesions were small (0.3-2.5
      cm); in a juxta-vascular location, either hilar or mediastinal; not seen or
      poorly visualized on conventional radiographs; or considered inaccessible. A
      diagnosis was made in 124 of 150 cases (82.7%) (107 of 124 malignant and 17 of 26
      benign lesions), including 86 of 107 lung nodules (80.4%), 28 of 31 mediastinal
      lesions (90.3%), and ten of 12 pleural masses (83.3%). Complications included
      pneumothorax (n = 64), hemoptysis (n = 5), hemothorax (n = 2), and pericarditis
      (n = 1). The high rate of pneumothorax, its treatment, and advantages of its
      immediate radiologic management are discussed. Use of CT guidance considerably
      expands the scope of thoracic lesions amenable to percutaneous biopsy.

PMID- 3357957
TI  - Insufficiency fractures of the sternum: a consequence of thoracic kyphosis?
AB  - Osteoporosis often leads to thoracic compression fractures and progressive
      thoracic kyphosis. The kyphosis creates a deforming stress on the sternum that
      may eventuate in an insufficiency-type stress fracture. The findings in four
      women with osteoporosis, thoracic kyphosis, and insufficiency fractures of the
      sternum are reported.

PMID- 3357959
TI  - Fracture nonunion: CT assessment with multiplanar reconstruction.
AB  - Nineteen patients with suspected or possible fracture nonunion underwent computed
      tomography (CT) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). Each case represented a
      difficult problem in fracture management in which clinical and conventional
      radiographic examinations had failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. CT with
      MPR demonstrated nonunion in 13 of 19 cases by delineating the lack of bone
      bridging across the fracture site in multiple planes. Variable amounts bridging
      were detected in six cases, indicating partial healing or delayed union.
      Evaluation of fracture healing with MPR was possible despite remaining metal
      hardware (ten cases), multiple operations (15 cases), or bone grafting (five
      cases). CT with MPR aided surgical planning and affected treatment options by
      providing a more detailed assessment of malalignment and angular deformities, the
      magnitude of the gap in bone, and the integrity of the adjacent weight-bearing
      joints in multiple projections. It is an important new modality for evaluating
      fracture nonunion.

PMID- 3357958
TI  - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: detection of cartilaginous and synovial change with
      MR imaging.
AB  - T1-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained of 20 patients
      with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (19 unilateral, one bilateral). Measurements of
      acetabular and femoral head cartilage provided evidence of a statistically
      significant increase in thickness in affected hips. The mean increase over normal
      varied from 1.8 to 3.9 mm, depending on the location within the joint. Loss of
      containment of the femoral head within the acetabulum was identified in most
      cases but with variability in degree. A frondlike structure seen adjacent to the
      inferomedial joint space in seven cases may have represented villous hypertrophy
      of the synovium within the iliopsoas recess of the hip capsule. MR imaging
      provides a means of evaluating the acetabular and epiphyseal cartilage of the hip
      affected by Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, allowing assessment of femoral head
      containment, congruity of the acetabular and femoral articular surfaces, and
      intracapsular soft-tissue irregularities.

PMID- 3357960
TI  - Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon: CT and surgical findings.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 42 patients with 49 clinically
      suspected tears of the posterior tibial tendon. Twenty-eight of the 49 suspected
      tears were subsequently surgically explored and repaired. Three patterns of
      tendon abnormalities were recognized on CT scans: type I-intact, hypertrophied,
      heterogeneous tendon; type II-attenuated tendon; and type III-absence of a
      portion of a tendon. Types I and II correlated with partial rupture seen during
      surgery, and type III correlated with complete rupture of the tendon. CT findings
      were accurate in 96% of the patients who underwent surgery. In four cases (14%),
      tendon rupture was seen on CT scans, but the extent of the injury was
      underestimated and the rupture was misclassified. Reactive periostitis of the
      distal tibia was seen in 71% of diseased tendons and may represent an important
      factor in the diagnosis of tendon rupture.

PMID- 3357961
TI  - In-111-labeled white blood cell uptake in noninfected closed fracture in humans:
      prospective study.
AB  - Since indium-111 white blood cell (In-111 WBC) scintigraphy is often used to
      evaluate for osteomyelitis in bone fractures, it is important to know if
      noninfected fractures have In-111 WBC uptake. Twenty-seven noninfected closed
      fracture sites in 19 patients were prospectively evaluated with technetium-99m
      methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and In-111 WBC scintigraphy. In-111 WBC
      uptake was present in 41% of the 27 sites. In the 11 positive sites, the In-111
      WBC uptake was 1+ (definite but minimal) in 55%, 2+ (moderate) in 36%, and 3+
      (marked) in 9%. The visual intensity of the radioactive uptake on In-111 WBC
      scintigrams relative to that on bone scintigrams was less in 82%, equal in 9%,
      and greater in 9%. The visual size of the area of uptake on In-111 WBC
      scintigrams and bone scintigrams was smaller in 36%, equal in 55%, and greater in
      9%. Factors that may help distinction of In-111 WBC uptake due to fracture alone
      from infection associated with fracture are discussed.

PMID- 3357962
TI  - Optic nerve dysfunction in thyroid eye disease: CT.
AB  - Optic nerve dysfunction in thyroid eye disease is thought to be due to
      compression of the optic nerve by enlarged extraocular muscles near the orbital
      apex. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans of 78 orbits of 31 patients
      with thyroid eye disease were reviewed. Axial scans alone were inadequate for
      demonstrating compression of the optic nerve. With a coronal reformatted scan
      from the axial scans, a muscular index was devised and measured to reflect
      extraocular muscle impingement on the optic nerve. Orbits with optic nerve
      dysfunction had significantly higher muscular indices than those without optic
      nerve dysfunction, supporting the hypothesis that optic nerve dysfunction is
      usually secondary to compression by enlarged extraocular muscles. Muscular
      indices of 67% or greater in patients with optic nerve dysfunction were
      diagnostic of compressive optic neuropathy, while muscular indices of less than
      50% appeared to exclude optic nerve compression. A single case of optic nerve
      dysfunction without muscular compression is also discussed.

PMID- 3357963
TI  - Normal and diseased acoustic pathway: evaluation with MR imaging.
AB  - To evaluate the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the assessment of the
      normal and diseased acoustic pathway, 176 patients with sensorineural hearing
      loss (SNHL) underwent MR imaging. In 65 patients an abnormality was detected at
      MR; in 50 of the 65, the abnormality was believed to be definitely or possibly
      responsible for the SNHL. In 47% of cases, the cochlea (3%) or vestibulocochlear
      nerve (44%) was involved by primary lesions. Computed tomography (CT) was
      performed, in addition to MR, in 25 patients in whom an abnormality was seen at
      MR; in 18 (72%), MR was believed to be superior to CT for lesion display. A
      review of 30 normal MR images of the cerebellopontine angle and brain disclosed
      that the cochlea was directly imaged in all cases with the use of short or long
      repetition times (TRs). The vestibulocochlear nerve was directly seen in 77% of
      cases with the use of short TR imaging. In conclusion, MR imaging delineates the
      acoustic pathway more clearly than does CT and is recommended for the examination
      of abnormalities in this region.

PMID- 3357964
TI  - Deep white matter infarction: correlation of MR imaging and histopathologic
      findings.
AB  - Focal and confluent areas of periventricular hyperintensity have been reported on
      magnetic resonance (MR) images in 30% of patients over 60 years of age. In order
      to better understand the pathologic basis of these lesions, the authors studied
      14 formalin-fixed brains with MR imaging. Multiple focal areas of hyperintensity
      were identified in the periventricular white matter in three of the 14 brains
      studied (21%). Subsequent gross and microscopic pathologic examination of both
      hyperintense and normal-intensity areas was performed on 87 tissue sections. The
      larger lesions were characterized centrally by necrosis, axonal loss, and
      demyelination and therefore represent true infarcts. Reactive astrocytes oriented
      along the degenerated axons were identified at distances of up to several
      centimeters from the central infarct. This is called isomorphic gliosis and is
      associated with increased intensity on T2-weighted images that increases the
      apparent size of the central lesion.

PMID- 3357965
TI  - Early sequelae of gunshot wounds to the spine: radiologic diagnosis.
AB  - During a 6-month period, 11 consecutive patients who had delayed neurologic
      deterioration after sustaining a gunshot wound to the spine were prospectively
      evaluated clinically, radiologically, and surgically. The patients had
      dysesthetic burning pain in an anesthetic area, hyperhidrosis, flexor spasm, and
      additional motor deficit above the level of cord injury 2-22 weeks after injury.
      Radiologic evaluation consisted of plain radiography of the spine and metrizamide
      myelography followed by computed tomography. A syringomyelic cavity was found in
      seven patients, an arachnoid cyst in three, and osteomyelitis in one. Seven of
      these patients also had cord atrophy. Postoperatively, dysesthetic pain was
      relieved in all the patients. There was no recurrence during a 2-year follow-up.
      These results emphasize the need for immediate radiologic investigation in
      patients with gunshot wounds of the spine who have further deterioration
      superimposed on their initial deficit.

PMID- 3357966
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis: characteristics at CT and MR imaging.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings were
      reviewed in 26 patients with tuberous sclerosis. All patients underwent CT; 16
      patients underwent both. The CT features included subependymal nodules in 25 of
      26 patients (96%) and calcifications in 23 of 26 (88%). Parenchymal hamartomas
      (cortical tubers) were seen in 23 of 26 patients (88%). These lesions had less
      attenuation than surrounding brain in 16 of 26 patients (62%) and were calcified
      in 14 of 26 patients (54%). Contrast enhancement of a lesion, indicating a
      subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, occurred in three of 26 patients (12%). The
      MR imaging characteristics included subependymal nodules (periventricular
      nodules) of intermediate signal intensity in ten of the 16 patients (63%).
      Parenchymal hamartomas, demonstrated in 15 of the 16 patients (94%), usually
      exhibited long T1 and T2 relaxation characteristics. The pattern was noted to be
      reversed in the two newborn patients (13%). One parent demonstrated a forme
      fruste at CT but had a normal MR image.

PMID- 3357967
TI  - "Idiopathic" cerebellar calcifications: association with hypothyroidism?
AB  - During a 3-year period, unexplained intracerebellar calcifications were seen at
      computed tomographic (CT) examination in six patients. A surprisingly high
      association with hypothyroidism was seen, with two-thirds of these patients
      showing the abnormality. Although an uncommon finding at CT, the presence of
      cerebellar calcification may indicate hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3357968
TI  - Single-acquisition chemical-shift imaging of a binary system with use of
      stimulated echoes.
AB  - A method for separating binary chemical-shift components with a single image data
      acquisition by means of stimulated echoes is demonstrated. With a strategy
      analogous to the modified Dixon method, three stimulated echoes were acquired to
      form three complex images. In each of the images, the complex pixel intensities
      were imparted, by design of the pulse sequence, with a phase factor carrying
      chemical-shift or field inhomogeneity information. With these three images, true
      fat/water separation can be obtained in biologic tissues. Studies at high field
      strength (4.7 T) on a toluene phantom, a pseudo-binary chemical-shift system,
      were used to evaluate the applicability of the method. Its clinical feasibility
      was demonstrated on a healthy human subject in a 0.6-T whole-body imaging system.

PMID- 3357969
TI  - Efficient pulse sequence for multisection dual-repetition time MR image
      acquisition.
AB  - A magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence was developed in which multisection
      spin-echo image data are simultaneously acquired for two repetition time (TR)
      intervals (TR1 and TR2) in one imaging sequence. In a conventional multisection
      image at a single TR, the number of sections is limited to TR/TS, where TS is the
      readout time. With this new sequence, the number of sections that can be imaged
      at both TRs in one acquisition is equal to (TR1 + TR2)/(TS1 + TS2), where TS1 and
      TS2 may be different for the two TRs. Imaging time is equal to that for a single
      image at a TR of TR1 + TR2. Clinical images were obtained with the new sequence
      from 15 patients and compared with images acquired at the same TR/TE by means of
      standard multisection single-TR methods. Relative image quality was assessed by
      three radiologists in 37 comparisons. In general, the dual-TR results at the long
      TR were judged equivalent to those from a single-TR image. Dual-TR results at the
      short TR had a modest reduction in contrast, but in none of 15 cases were any
      pathologic features missed.

PMID- 3357970
TI  - Sodium imaging of human body organs and extremities in vivo.
AB  - In vivo sodium magnetic resonance (MR) images of various structures--such as the
      heart, chest wall, kidneys, spine, liver, gallbladder, breasts, knees, hands, and
      feet--were obtained at 1.9 T. Improved sensitivity relative to standard spin-echo
      imaging was achieved with use of a modified three-dimensional acquisition
      sequence with short repetition and gradient-echo times (45 and 6.4 msec,
      respectively) and with use of special cylindrical and planar radio-frequency
      coils. Imaging times of 2-30 minutes were sufficient to render good-quality
      images with high contrast sensitivity. Relatively strong sodium signals were
      found to emanate from such sources as cerebrospinal fluid, blood serum,
      interstitial fluid, joint fluid, and cartilage. It is concluded that sodium
      imaging of body organs and extremities is feasible and is potentially of clinical
      diagnostic value, as is the more extensively studied sodium imaging of the head.

PMID- 3357971
TI  - Superficial- and deep-tissue temperature increases in anesthetized dogs during
      exposure to high specific absorption rates in a 1.5-T MR imager.
AB  - Superficial- and deep-tissue heating was measured in five dogs during high
      specific-absorption-rate radiofrequency (RF) irradiation to see whether
      significant temperature changes could be produced by a 1.5-T clinical magnetic
      resonance imager. The RF power output employed was 6.3 times that required for
      routine imaging. Temperature probes were placed in both deep and superficial
      tissues, and temperatures were recorded before, during, and after exposure. In
      each dog, there was a linear temperature increase of several degrees during RF
      exposure; the maximal average change was 4.6 degrees C in the urinary bladder.
      The temperature increase was slightly greater in deep tissues than in superficial
      tissues. The calculated specific absorption rate, based on the temperature
      change, averaged 7.9 W/kg for all five dogs. These findings argue for continued
      caution in the design and operation of imagers capable of high specific
      absorption rates, particularly when they are used for imaging infants or patients
      with altered thermoregulatory capability.

PMID- 3357972
TI  - Use of shielding to prevent folding in MR imaging.
AB  - Aluminum foil was used as a shielding device during magnetic resonance imaging.
      During imaging of the abdomen or thorax, foil placed over the arms of the subject
      prevented folding over the limbs in the phase-encoding direction of the images.

PMID- 3357973
TI  - Fluorescein labeling of lymphatic vessels for lymphangiography.
AB  - A simple technique for identification of pedal lymphatic vessels for
      lymphangiography was developed. A fluorescein-lidocaine mixture is injected
      subcutaneously into the foot, and within 20 minutes, local lymphatic vessels
      absorb the solution and fluoresce vividly under ultraviolet light. These labeled
      lymphatic channels are readily isolated and cannulated. The technique has proved
      highly successful, with no documented allergic complications after use in more
      than 1,000 cases.

PMID- 3357974
TI  - Hinged shutter for image alternator.
AB  - A hinged, mobile shutter was designed to reduce the effect of extraneous light on
      the interpretion of chest radiographs and angiograms. The authors believe that
      the device greatly facilitates the daily work by decreasing eye fatigue and
      probably by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio.

PMID- 3357975
TI  - Anterior approach to celiac plexus block during interventional biliary
      procedures.
AB  - A fluoroscopically guided anterior approach to celiac plexus block was developed
      that can be performed on the supine patient during a percutaneous biliary
      procedure. Unlike posterior blocks, anterior blocks can be performed at any time
      during the procedure and thus can be reserved for the few patients whose pain
      does not respond to intravenously administered narcotics. Anterior blocks were
      performed 18 times in 14 patients; satisfactory visceral anesthesia was achieved
      in ten of the 18 procedures.

PMID- 3357976
TI  - Assessment of radiologic tests: control of bias and other design considerations.
AB  - The assessment of new radiologic tests can be seriously hampered by the presence
      of systematic bias. Biases can arise from incomplete verification of the sample
      population; omission of uninterpretable tests; absence of a definitive reference
      test; extraneous factors affecting interpretation; and extrapolation factors
      including variations in test efficacy among patients, hospitals, and the
      radiologists who interpret the tests. The authors review these biases that affect
      the results of efficacy studies and provide guidelines to avoid these problems.

PMID- 3357977
TI  - Venous air embolism on contrast-enhanced CT: chimera or Trojan horse?

PMID- 3357978
TI  - Who speaks for radiology? or the threat of the throwaways.

PMID- 3357980
TI  - Rights, roles, and relationships in radiology.

PMID- 3357979
TI  - Lung cancer risk from indoor exposure to radon daughters.

PMID- 3357981
TI  - Supervisor sleeping on job: retaliatory termination. Case in point: Shores v.
      Senior Manor Nursing Home [518 N.E. 2d 471--IL (Ill. App. 5 Dist. 1988)].

PMID- 3357982
TI  - Nursing negligence alleged: expert testimony. Case in point: Kuna v. Lifemark
      Hospitals of Texas [743 S.W. 3d 705 (Tex. App.-Houston, 1987)].

PMID- 3357983
TI  - [Development of model system for the research of lymphocyte differentiation].

PMID- 3357984
TI  - [Evaluation of mineral bone content using quantitative computerized tomography].
AB  - The authors have evaluated bone mineral content in the vertebral spongiosa by
      means of Computed Tomography. The method proposed by Genant and Cann has been
      applied to examine 164 healthy volunteers and 108 patients. Both healthy males
      and females showed a progressive bone mineral loss increasing with age; the bone
      mineral loss was most severe in females during the 4th and 5th decade of life.
      Pathology included patients with osteoporotic fractures (vertebral and femoral
      neck), patients with partial gastrectomy, renal failure, primary
      hyperparathyroidism, Cushing syndrome, corticosteroid therapy. Bone mineral
      values were significantly lower in most pathologic groups. Computed Tomography
      proves thus to be a valuable method to assess bone mineral content and to
      identify patients at risk for fractures.

PMID- 3357985
TI  - [Double-contrast arthrography in recurrent luxations of the shoulder].
AB  - One hundred and ninety-three shoulder arthrographies were performed between 1979
      and 1985 on patients affected by recurrent dislocations. The diagnostic doubt was
      cleared up in 162 cases (83%). Arthrographic diagnosis was confirmed by
      pathological findings in 92% of the patients who underwent surgery. The double
      contrast technique under local anaesthesia with anterior access is suggested,
      since it allows several arthrograms in different projections. Thus, an analytic
      study of the articular damage can be carried out. The patterns of each projection
      are briefly shown. Revision of case histories points out that: a) the use of
      arthrography should always be assessed on a clinical-radiological basis for each
      patient; b) there is no doubt as to the usefulness of this examination as a
      direct means of exploration, as far as the articular damage is concerned, not
      only as an aid to future surgery, but also in the follow-up of the results of the
      treatment in the long run.

PMID- 3357986
TI  - [Pneumothorax in severe chest injuries].
AB  - The authors reviewed CT scans and supine chest X-ray of 47 patients affected by
      severe thoracic trauma, examined in 1985-86. The sensibility of the two
      methodologies in the assessment of pneumothorax was compared. CT detected 25
      pneumothorax, whereas supine chest X-ray allowed a diagnosis in 18 cases only. In
      8 of the latter (44.4%) the diagnosis was made possible by the presence of
      indirect signs of pneumothorax only--the most frequent being the deep sulcus
      sign. The characterization of pneumothorax is important especially in the
      patients who need to be treated with mechanical ventilation therapy, or who are
      to undergo surgery in total anaesthesia.

PMID- 3357987
TI  - [Diagnosis of ischemic cardiopathy in hypertensive patients. Comparison of
      radioisotopic technics].
AB  - Exercise radionuclide ventriculography (ERV) is considered a superior non
      invasive screening test for coronary artery disease (CAD). ERV showed, however, a
      low specificity in hypertensive patients (H). The diagnostic accuracy of ERV and
      thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy (M) was evaluated in 23 patients (H) with
      chest pain and positive ECG-stress test. All patients underwent ERV and M,
      randomly, in different days. Finally, they all underwent coronary angiography:
      CAD was diagnosed in case of luminal narrowing greater than or equal to 70% in 1
      major coronary artery at least. Eleven patients had severe CAD. ERV was
      considered positive for CAD in presence of ex-induced abnormality of wall motion
      and/or in case of ex-induced ejection fraction increase less than or equal to 5%
      respect to the basal values. M was considered positive for CAD when perfusion
      defects were observed in early images only. ERV showed low diagnostic accuracy.
      On the contrary M had both sensibility and specificity, and a high positive and
      negative predictive value in the diagnosis of CAD. M is thus suggested as the non
      invasive methodology of choice in hypertensive patients with suspected CAD.

PMID- 3357988
TI  - [Dynamic radiologic study with video recording of the oral and pharyngeal stages
      of normal deglutition].
AB  - The upsurge of interest in dynamic radiology of the oral pharyngeal phases of
      deglutition can be explained by: (a) the increased survival-rate in neuromuscular
      diseases; (b) the improved results in head and neck surgery and radiotherapy; (c)
      the awareness of the existence of a "silent" form of dysphagia. This paper is
      aimed at divulgating the radiological dynamic investigation of deglutition by
      videorecording, and at assessing the findings of a study on 119 consecutive non
      dysphagic patients (55 males and 64 females; mean age 54 years) as a control
      group for future studies on dysphagic patients. Seventy-nine out of 119 subjects
      (66.4%) were found to be normal. Various abnormalities were observed in the
      remaining 40 (33.6%), such as barium penetration in the subepiglottic or
      supraglottic space (20 cases), dysmotility of the epiglottis (14 cases),
      transient and mild cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction (17 cases), diverticula (6
      cases). Further studies are needed to evaluate the true significance and
      implication of these findings in asymptomatic patients. Finally, a more
      widespread use of this method is hoped for, in order to establish its diagnostic
      and clinical efficacy.

PMID- 3357989
TI  - [Radiotherapy of low-stages seminoma. Results and controversies].
AB  - From January 1968 to December 1983, 297 low-stage testicular seminoma patients
      (209 stage I, 80 stage II A-B, and 8 Nx) were treated by means of prophylactic
      and/or curative radiotherapy. Overall 10-year relapse-free survival rate is 94%
      (97.3% stage I, 85.8% stage II A-B). Global survival-rate: 95.8% (100% stage I).
      Saving treatment was always effective in five relapses at stage I (2 lymphnodal
      recurrences in untreated areas, and 3 distant metastases). Out of twelve relapses
      at stage II A-B and Nx patients (4 lymphnodal recurrences in treated areas, 2 in
      untreated areas, and 6 distant metastases) saving treatment was effective in 3
      patients, one of whom died for radiation late effect. Nine radiation sequelae
      were observed, three of which were neoplastic diseases. Referring to analysis of
      the results, failures and possible options in the management of seminomas, the
      authors confirm the effectiveness of current treatment schedule.

PMID- 3357990
TI  - [Irradiation of the neck by the tangential pendular technic].

PMID- 3357991
TI  - [Instrumental and clinical comparison of films for mammography. Analysis of the
      characteristic curve and modulation transfer function].

PMID- 3357992
TI  - [Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia in Wells syndrome].

PMID- 3357993
TI  - [A case of paravertebral Echinococcus cysts communicating with the intraspinal
      epidural space].

PMID- 3357994
TI  - [Effects of parathyroidectomy in a case of hyperparathyroidism secondary to
      chronic renal insufficiency with a multiple brown fat tumor].

PMID- 3357995
TI  - [Atypical course of coxarthritis in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3357996
TI  - Computed tomography of intrathoracic kidney.

PMID- 3357997
TI  - [Efficacy of ketoconazole in the treatment of systemic candidiasis with pulmonary
      involvement].

PMID- 3357998
TI  - [Uveitis and primary brain lymphoma].

PMID- 3357999
TI  - [Paraquat poisoning. Apropos of a case with poor outcome].

PMID- 3358000
TI  - [Calcification of auricular cartilages in 2 patients with Addison's disease].

PMID- 3358001
TI  - [Prolonged febrile syndrome caused by allopurinol. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3358002
TI  - [Central spinal cord syndrome].

PMID- 3358003
TI  - [Bacteremia caused by the Pseudomonas genus: prospective study of 73 episodes].

PMID- 3358004
TI  - [Pathology of the labial salivary gland in the syndrome caused by adulterated
      toxic oil in Spain: a form of secondary Sjogren syndrome].

PMID- 3358006
TI  - Language, communication, and the brain.

PMID- 3358008
TI  - Neurophysiological studies in dyslexia.
AB  - Using sophisticated computer graphics technologies and sensitive methods, our
      original dyslexia study of dyslexic boys delineated specific areas of the brain
      which in combination could constitute a "physiological signature" of dyslexia. In
      addition to identifying aberrant brain function in the traditional language
      associated left posterior region, we also observed medial frontal lobe
      differences from normals, a finding confirmed by others in recent research. Our
      subsequent study sought to refine further current definitional subgroupings
      within the broad entity known as dyslexia-pure. Indeed language-based subgroups
      appear to have identifiable and differing topographic signatures. Furthermore,
      based on correlations between neuropsychological test scores and
      neurophysiological measurements, we suggest that subgroup electrophysiological
      differences may reflect compensatory as well as pathological brain activity. We
      believe that the currently expanding understanding of the neurophysiology of
      dyslexia will lead eventually to improved diagnosis and remediation of this
      learning disability. The detailed mapping of brain electrical activity shows
      promise of providing the neuropsychologist and learning disability specialist
      with another "perspective" on reading disability. This technique may prove
      valuable in the diagnosis of dyslexia at an early age and in the tailoring of the
      learning experience to a child's specific deficits and capabilities.

PMID- 3358005
TI  - [Experience of granulomatous diseases in a general hospital].

PMID- 3358007
TI  - The pathogenesis of childhood dyslexia.

PMID- 3358009
TI  - Neuroscience and cognitive science in the study of language and the brain.

PMID- 3358010
TI  - Phenytoin metabolic activation: role of cytochrome P-450, glutathione, age, and
      sex in rats and mice.
AB  - Data are reported demonstrating a role for glutathione and age in the metabolic
      activation of phenytoin to a reactive metabolite. The in vitro liver microsomal
      covalent binding of [14C]-phenytoin (DPH) was examined in mice and rats. After
      incubation with 25-300 microM DPH, covalent binding was dose dependent and linear
      with time. Incubation in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or nitrogen markedly
      decreased covalent binding. Comparison of covalent binding in male rats and mice
      pretreated with inducers of drug metabolism (phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene)
      showed significantly greater enhancement following phenobarbital induction
      compared to controls. In vitro addition of inhibitors of drug metabolism
      (piperonyl butoxide, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate, cobaltous chloride, SKF-525A)
      all significantly decreased covalent binding. Binding studies with subcellular
      fractions showed maximal covalent binding in microsomes. Addition of thiols,
      i.e., glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine, significantly decreased covalent
      binding to 9-36% of control. Addition of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated
      hydroxytoluene decreased covalent binding to 10-22% of control. In vivo
      pretreatment with diethyl maleate and in vitro preincubation with
      trichloropropene oxide resulted in a significant increase in covalent binding.
      Rats of ages 8 weeks, 24 weeks and 72 weeks showed a decrease both in covalent
      binding and in inducibility of covalent binding with increasing age. There was no
      significant difference in covalent binding between male and female rats of
      similar ages. These findings are consistent with a cytochrome P-450 dependent
      generation of a phenytoin arene oxide electrophilic arylating reactive
      intermediate.

PMID- 3358011
TI  - Failure of phenobarbitone to potentiate the adverse effects of two ethylene-bis
      dithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides.
AB  - The effects of Mancozeb and Zineb, two dithiocarbamate fungicides used to protect
      vegetables, on rat thyroid and liver function were studied in an acute and a
      chronic trial. These compounds may be spontaneously or metabolically transformed
      to ethylene thiourea, a goitrogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic molecule. Sex
      linked differences in sensitivity and the possibility that toxicity might be
      potentiated through induction of the microsomal drug metabolising system by
      phenobarbitone were investigated. When compared with the findings of Ugazio et
      al. (1985) on the toxicity of ethylene thiourea, the results obtained in this
      study, bearing in mind the doses employed and the fact that no potentiation by
      phenobarbitone was observed, suggest that the risks associated with exposure to
      these two fungicides are less severe than had been supposed.

PMID- 3358012
TI  - Enhanced lung toxicity of butylated hydroxytoluene in mice by coadministration of
      butylated hydroxyanisole.
AB  - The ip coadministration of 200 mg/kg butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) with a
      subtoxic dose (200 mg/kg) of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) enhanced the lung
      toxicity of BHT in mice. BHA coadministration significantly increased the
      radioactivity covalently bound to lung macromolecules at 4-8 hr after [14C]BHT.
      The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for unchanged BHT in the
      lung for 24 hr after the coadministration was about 140% of that after the sole
      administration of BHT. At 2-8 hr after BHT, the coadministration produced a 40
      85% increase in plasma concentration of unchanged BHT, but a 40-60% decrease in
      plasma concentration of total BHT (mainly consisted of BHT metabolites). The
      total metabolism of BHT by liver 9000 g supernatant was significantly reduced by
      in vitro addition of BHA. Pretreatment of mice with 200 mg/kg BHA also reduced
      the rate of 9000 g supernatant metabolism of BHT. These results support the
      suggestion that coadministration of BHA and BHT results in a decrease in the
      first-pass metabolism of BHT in the liver and thus the lung is exposed to a
      larger amount of BHT, developing enhanced toxic response.

PMID- 3358013
TI  - Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor immunoreactivity detected in serum-free
      culture medium of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, CAPAN-1.
AB  - Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) immunoreactivity was detected by a
      radioimmunoassay in a serum-free culture medium conditioned by a human pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma cell line, CAPAN-1. Its apparent rate of secretion was 280 +/- 20
      fg/cell/24 h, and increased in the presence of fetal bovine serum, but was not
      affected by a cell density at an early stage of culture. This PSTI
      immunoreactivity was indistinguishable from authentic human pancreatic PSTI on
      gel filtration, immunoblot analysis and trypsin affinity chromatography.

PMID- 3358014
TI  - Toxicity of chronic high alcohol intake on mouse natural killer cell activity.
AB  - The toxicity of chronic alcohol intake on natural killer (NK) cell activity of
      spleen cells from well-nourished, female C57BL/6 mice was studied in a 4-hour
      cytolytic chromium-release assay against YAC-1 lymphoma cells. Mice were fed a
      nutritionally complete crystalline amino acid diet and received 20% w/v alcohol
      solution for 12 weeks. Ad libitum and pair-fed control mice were given diet and
      either an isocaloric glucose solution or water. Decreased NK cell activity was
      observed in alcohol-consuming mice relative to all other control groups. NK cell
      activity was moderately decreased by feeding mice a high glucose diet, but more
      severely lowered in pair-fed groups compared to ad libitum control groups.

PMID- 3358015
TI  - Glomerular basement membrane collagen synthesis rates in normal and diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) protein and collagen synthesis rates were
      studied in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats, using L-(2,3,3H)-proline as a
      radioactive precursor. The incorporation of tritiated proline into GMB proline
      was regarded as a measure of total protein synthesis and the incorporation into
      hydroxyproline as indicative of collagen synthesis. Total GBM protein and
      collagen synthesis rates were calculated from the simultaneous measurements of
      specific activities in the precursor (tissue-free) and protein-bound (GBM proline
      and hydroxyproline) pools. The results suggest that diabetic rats synthesized GBM
      protein and collagen at the rate of 1.90 and 0.61% per h, respectively, compared
      to 1.07 and 0.38% per h in normal rats. These data are consistent with our
      previous findings of increased GBM protein and collagen synthesis in
      streptozotocin diabetic rats.

PMID- 3358016
TI  - Sample size and power for case-control studies when exposures are continuous.
AB  - In estimating the sample size for a case-control study, epidemiologic texts
      present formulae that require a binary exposure of interest. Frequently, however,
      important exposures are continuous and dichotomization may result in a 'not
      exposed' category that has little practical meaning. In addition, if risks vary
      monotonically with exposure, then dichotomization will obscure risk effects and
      require a greater number of subjects to detect differences in the exposure
      distributions among cases and controls. Starting from the usual score statistic
      to detect differences in exposure, this paper develops sample size formulae for
      case-control studies with arbitrary exposure distributions; this includes both
      continuous and dichotomous exposure measurements as special cases. The score
      statistic is appropriate for general differentiable models for the relative odds,
      and, in particular, for the two forms commonly used in prospective disease
      occurrence models: (1) the odds of disease increase linearly with exposure; or
      (2) the odds increase exponentially with exposure. Under these two models we
      illustrate calculation of sample sizes for a hypothetical case-control study of
      lung cancer among non-smokers who are exposed to radon decay products at home.

PMID- 3358017
TI  - Estimating reference ranges in clinical pathology: an objective approach.
AB  - Conventional reference ranges evolve from subjective criteria for health and
      disease. We offer an objective method for distinguishing typical from atypical
      values by purely statistical criteria. We define typical values as those
      exhibiting a linear relationship with percentiles on a value versus percentile
      plot. Identification of percentiles at which deviation from linearity occurs
      results from calculation of correlation coefficients between values and
      percentiles over centrally expanding ranges of percentiles. One selects
      arbitrarily some minimum value for these correlation coefficients, for example,
      0.990, as the criterion for deviation from linearity. Values encompassed by these
      percentiles of deviation constitute an objective reference range. Identification
      of any correlations between atypical values and symptoms of disease requires
      clinical follow-up studies.

PMID- 3358019
TI  - A model-based approach to characterize the incubation period of paediatric
      transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Traditional statistics, such as the average, currently provide a misleading
      statistical description of the incubation periods of paediatric transfusion
      associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (TA-AIDS). Two types of length
      biased sampling, left censoring and right censoring, occur in the 37 cases
      diagnosed before 1986 and reported to the Centers for Disease Control by 15
      September 1986. To correct for these problems, we propose a truncated Weibull
      distribution with use of a maximum likelihood technique. This approach suggests
      that the mean incubation period of paediatric TA-AIDS cases is 2.4 years with a
      90 per cent confidence interval ranging from 1.5 years to 7.2 years. The mode is
      1.25 years. These estimates are much shorter than those recently published for
      adults, therefore the success of TA-AIDS prevention strategies may be seen sooner
      in the paediatric age group.

PMID- 3358018
TI  - Testing for a change-point in registry data with an example on hypospadias.
AB  - The Poisson distribution is often suitable for analysing non-infectious disorders
      with low prevalence rates. The numbers of babies born with hypospadias in the
      Liverpool Congenital Malformations Registry during 1960 to 1982 do not fit a
      Poisson distribution with constant prevalence rates, but a change-point Poisson
      process does fit. A significance test is described and its power is considered in
      two simulation studies. A small discrepancy is noted that does not diminish
      appreciably when Bartlett's correction is applied.

PMID- 3358021
TI  - Correcting for selection bias in estimation of within-individual variance.
AB  - Consider a variable whose expected value distributes among individuals in a
      population, and which also has an important component of within-individual
      variance. In a screening study that involves repeated observations only for those
      individuals whose initial observation exceeds an arbitrary cutoff point, the
      usual estimator of within-individual variance is biased. Assuming normality and
      independence, this note gives the derivation of the expected value of the
      estimator and uses it to obtain an unbiased estimator. The results generalize to
      the bivariate case that involves selection on only one variable of the pair. A
      companion paper provides an example with use of blood pressure.

PMID- 3358020
TI  - Assessing diagnostic reliability and estimating incidence rates associated with a
      strictly progressive disease: dental caries.
AB  - This paper presents a general approach for simultaneously assessing, from serial
      data, diagnostic consistency, interrater reliability and incidence of a strictly
      progressive disease. Observed data are viewed as incomplete: diagnostic errors
      are not distinguished from true diagnoses. We introduce a broad class of models
      to separate rater errors from underlying patterns of disease incidence. The
      analysis can include covariates and risk factors. We provide variance expressions
      for parameter estimates. Categorical data for estimating the incidence of dental
      caries serve as an example.

PMID- 3358022
TI  - The probability that long-term mean diastolic blood pressure is extreme: tables
      for black individuals.
AB  - With use of a large data base and a statistical model for diagnosis developed
      earlier, we have constructed the among-individual conditional distribution of the
      long-term mean diastolic blood pressure, md, of an individual, given the means of
      several measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on the individual.
      Using this conditional distribution we provide tables and a simple algorithm for
      computation of the conditional probability that md for an individual exceeds a
      specified value (for example, 90 mmHg), given the measured values of systolic and
      diastolic pressure.

PMID- 3358023
TI  - Multinomial regression models based on continuation ratios.
AB  - This paper concerns continuation ratio models for multinomial responses. These
      are conditional probabilities used in logit models to define the dependence of
      the multinomial proportions on explanatory variables and unknown parameters. A
      distinctive feature of these models is that if one models the various
      continuation ratios separately, then resulting estimates and test statistics are
      asymptotically independent. This allows the partitioning of likelihood ratio
      statistics and the search for effects in specific categories of an ordinal
      response variable. Models that use the same parameters for different continuation
      ratios are suitable for estimating more global differences. The fitting of these
      models to actual data is illustrated, including an example from a pharmaceutical
      study. The results show that different models are suitable for modelling
      complementary sorts of differences between multinomial response distributions.

PMID- 3358024
TI  - Investigation of the associations of a number of HLA antigens with psoriasis and
      psoriatic arthritis.
AB  - A method, using the GLIM computer package, for determining primary and secondary
      HLA associations with disease is described and is applied to data from patients
      with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 3358025
TI  - A clinical trial with an interim analysis.

PMID- 3358026
TI  - [The laser in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 3358027
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and anesthesia].

PMID- 3358028
TI  - [Conservative surgery of the spleen].

PMID- 3358029
TI  - [Choledochoduodenal anastomosis in benign lesions of the common bile duct].

PMID- 3358030
TI  - [Imported leprosy in Belgium: diagnosis].

PMID- 3358031
TI  - [The locomotor apparatus. The spine (1). The curvatures, the dorsal vertebrae.
      Introduction to spinal fractures].

PMID- 3358032
TI  - [Oxygen inhalation therapy (2)].

PMID- 3358033
TI  - [The transportation of the injured skier].

PMID- 3358034
TI  - [Role of the house physician].

PMID- 3358035
TI  - [Arrival of the injured at the hospital].

PMID- 3358036
TI  - [Knee sprains].

PMID- 3358037
TI  - [Ski injuries].

PMID- 3358038
TI  - [Shortened vacations. Case report].

PMID- 3358039
TI  - [Developments in and perspectives of skiing].

PMID- 3358040
TI  - [Recognition of paramedical personnel by the patient].

PMID- 3358041
TI  - [Evaluation of a ski season for a mountain hospital].

PMID- 3358042
TI  - [Various ski accidents].

PMID- 3358043
TI  - The fiber caliber of 5-HT immunoreactive axons in the dorsolateral funiculus of
      the spinal cord of the rat and cat.
AB  - Although there is considerable evidence that the analgesic action of electrical
      brain stimulation is mediated in part by serotonergic (5-HT) axons in the
      dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord, studies in the rat have
      questioned the existence of this pathway. In this study, we used antisera
      directed against a conjugate of 5-HT and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to identify
      immunoreactive 5-HT axons in the DLF of the rat and cat. Both light and electron
      microscopic studies were performed so that the fiber caliber of the labeled axons
      could also be determined. We found a rich complement of immunoreactive 5-HT axons
      in the DLF of both rat and cat. Although these could be seen without difficulty
      in the normal cat, in the rat it was necessary to make a lesion of the DLF to
      build up the staining rostrally. Ultrastructural analysis established that almost
      all of the labeled axons (in rat and cat) were unmyelinated. We conclude that
      there are indeed 5-HT immunoreactive axons in the DLF of the rat and cat. These
      presumably derive from neurons of the medullary nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), which
      have been implicated in the descending controls exerted by opiates and electrical
      brain stimulation. The results suggest that previous physiological studies of the
      properties of the opiate-responsive, spinally projecting NRM neurons were not
      made from those that are 5-HT containing.

PMID- 3358045
TI  - [Hypothyroidism in clinical practice].

PMID- 3358044
TI  - Lectin and neuropeptide labeling of separate populations of dorsal root ganglion
      neurons and associated "nociceptor" thin axons in rat testis and cornea whole
      mount preparations.
AB  - As part of a program to explore patterns of innervation by nociceptor-related
      thin sensory axons in a variety of peripheral regions, we have labeled calcitonin
      gene-related peptide immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) nerve fibers in whole mounts of rat
      testicular tunica vasculosa and cornea. Efforts were undertaken to visualize the
      numerically significant fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)-containing
      axon population, whose peripheral endings have heretofore remained undemonstrable
      due to technical limitations of currently available acid phosphatase methods.
      Various histochemical markers that colocalize with FRAP in dorsal root ganglion
      (DRG) and spinal cord were examined, and a plant lectin, Griffonia simplicifolia
      I-B4, has been identified that not only selectively labels FRAP(+) sensory
      ganglion cells and central terminals in spinal cord, but also differentially
      stains a large number of thin axons in testicular and corneal whole mounts.
      Slender lectin-labeled fibers are abundant in cornea, and are distributed
      throughout tunica vasculosa preparations unrelated to blood vessels. CGRP-IR
      axons, in contrast, maintain close adherence to vascular patterns and are more
      coarse and varicose in appearance. Lectin staining therefore provides the first
      practical and specific method for visualization of peripheral FRAP(+) axons
      consisting principally of sensory C fibers but possibly including a small number
      of unmyelinated autonomic axons. It should now be feasible, using individual
      whole-mount preparations from various peripheral nociceptor-innervated tissues,
      to examine the distributions of both peptidergic and FRAP(+) fibers, which
      together comprise the vast majority of thin sensory axons. It may then be
      possible to correlate the observed anatomical patterns with knowledge regarding
      properties of corresponding physiologically characterized receptive fields.

PMID- 3358046
TI  - [Thyroid nodules: what's to be done?].

PMID- 3358047
TI  - [Naphtha-B 100 to 140--petroleum. Documentation No. 12].

PMID- 3358048
TI  - [Kousmine's diet concept. "Cancer as a defense reaction"--against what?
      Documentation No.13].

PMID- 3358049
TI  - [Activity testing of clobenoside gel in the treatment of chronic venous
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3358050
TI  - [Ecogenetics of basaloma].

PMID- 3358051
TI  - [Diarrhea].

PMID- 3358053
TI  - [At the outside and in the center of mental illness].

PMID- 3358054
TI  - [Liberating computers for independent nurses].

PMID- 3358052
TI  - [A case from practice (103). Patient: Mr. K. L., 1964, stone cutter].

PMID- 3358055
TI  - [Organization of practice nursing, whom does it help?].

PMID- 3358056
TI  - [Good bye calves, cows, pigs, young chicks!..."].

PMID- 3358058
TI  - [Back to autonomy].

PMID- 3358057
TI  - [Apprehension before surgery].

PMID- 3358059
TI  - [Nurse in a nuclear center].

PMID- 3358060
TI  - [Professional research; remotivation and quality].

PMID- 3358062
TI  - [Treatment of myocardial infarct in its acute stage].

PMID- 3358061
TI  - [Lasers and tumors of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3358063
TI  - [Psychiatric treatments. The place of electroconvulsive therapy in 1988].

PMID- 3358064
TI  - [Pharmacology].

PMID- 3358065
TI  - Don't tell me I'm not a real nurse anymore.

PMID- 3358066
TI  - Build a high profile to get promoted.

PMID- 3358067
TI  - Teach yourself how to teach an older patient.

PMID- 3358068
TI  - The forgotten victims of a medical crisis.

PMID- 3358069
TI  - Are you ready for this bedside emergency? Respiratory distress.

PMID- 3358070
TI  - Getting around without getting mugged.

PMID- 3358071
TI  - The critical minutes after spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3358072
TI  - "Your son will never come out of this coma".

PMID- 3358073
TI  - A full range of care for nephrostomy patients.

PMID- 3358074
TI  - I let my contract go up in smoke.

PMID- 3358075
TI  - Some diet surprises for hypertensive patients.

PMID- 3358076
TI  - Nurse midwifery: the first step.

PMID- 3358077
TI  - Ontario task force recommends legalizing midwifery.

PMID- 3358079
TI  - The family's role in today's health care.

PMID- 3358078
TI  - Nurses helping nurses.

PMID- 3358080
TI  - Coroner's decisions.

PMID- 3358081
TI  - [Thoracic disk hernias. Apropos of 7 cases].

PMID- 3358082
TI  - [Prospective study of articular involvement in patients on hemodialysis for 10
      years].

PMID- 3358083
TI  - [Osseous metastasis of bladder cancer. Apropos of 15 cases].

PMID- 3358084
TI  - [A case of lumbar-abdominal pain of L5-S1 disk origin treated with nucleolysis].

PMID- 3358085
TI  - [Friedrich's disease or osteochondrosis of the sternal end of the clavicle].

PMID- 3358087
TI  - [Image of empty intervertebral space in the development of tuberculous
      spondylitis].

PMID- 3358088
TI  - [Regression of amyloidosis in a case of juvenile rheumatoid polyarthritis].

PMID- 3358086
TI  - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis, celiac disease and partial IgA deficiency].

PMID- 3358089
TI  - [Calcified disk hernia in an adolescent].

PMID- 3358090
TI  - [Jaccoud's rheumatism in Sharp's syndrome].

PMID- 3358091
TI  - [The epidemiology of multiple myeloma in France].
AB  - From mortality and population data provided by INSERM and INSEE, we have
      determined the mortality rate of multiple myeloma--uncorrected, specific and
      standardized rates--which have enabled to conduct an epidemiological,
      demographic, geographic and chronological study. The demographic study done in
      1981-1982, confirms that the incidence of multiple myeloma is linked to ageing
      and that it is higher in men. The geographic study does not find any preferential
      regional distribution. The chronological survey done between 1958 and 1982, shows
      an increased mortality rate of about 500 p. cent and this increase is seen
      exclusively in patients over 55. Such progression analyzed according to the model
      age, period, cohort, is either compatible with a cohort effect, reflection of a
      true incidence increase, or with a period effect depending upon age, reflection
      of an artificial increase linked to modifications of hygiene conditions. This
      last factor seems to predominate. Anyway, decreased mortality rates have been
      observed for the most recent generations, which should, in the future, mean a
      stagnation or even a decrease in the incidence of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3358092
TI  - [Prediction of the response to basic treatment in rheumatoid polyarthritis.
      Retrospective study apropos of 140 patients].
AB  - In order to isolate prognostic factors of the response to basic treatment in the
      course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the authors are comparing, within the scope
      of a retrospective study of 140 patients, the initial clinical, biological and
      radiological characteristics of two populations of 70 "responding" and "non
      responding" patients at the end of a mean course of 48.8 months. As there are
      significantly more males in the "responding" group, two different statistical
      studies are conducted for male and female patients. The first stage of the
      analysis enables to select a certain number of average variables or of very
      different distribution between "responding" and "non responding". The second
      stage enables, with the help of these variables, to conduct an analysis of the
      main components: a satisfactory discrimination between "responding and non
      responding" may thus be obtained for male patients; this is not confirmed for
      female patients, probably because this population is heterogeneous. The last
      stage consists in a discriminating, step-by-step ascending analysis conducted on
      the male population; a discriminating function is then established, permitting to
      differentiate correctly 82 p. cent of the patients between "responding" and "non
      responding". Finally, a prognostic index, easier to use, is also established,
      using five discriminating variables for male patients, permitting to
      differentiate correctly 87 p. cent of the patients.

PMID- 3358093
TI  - [Geographic distribution of multiple myeloma in the Loiret region. 10-year
      retrospective epidemiological survey].
AB  - Suspecting the presence of a myeloma focus in a forest area of the Loiret
      department, we have undertaken a retrospective epidemiological survey on this
      disease. Three surveys were conducted, between 1972 and 1982: the first one among
      general practitioners; the second one was carried out from immuno-electrophoreses
      performed at the University Hospital in Orleans; the third survey was carried out
      from reports on the medical causes of deaths. The mean number of myelomas in the
      Loiret (0.029 p. cent) is comparable to the national mean (0.025 p. cent), with a
      sex ratio of 47.09 p. cent of men, also quite similar to the national sex ratio
      (46.7 p. cent). The different districts were classified according to the
      percentages observed in "neutral areas" (mean plus or minus a typical variation),
      "cold areas" (between one and two typical variations below the mean) and "hot
      areas" (between one and two typical variations above the mean). These results do
      not permit to ascertain the existence of a geographical focus of myelomas in
      Loiret but require a more in-depth study of "hot areas".

PMID- 3358094
TI  - Ionized calcium and acid-base status in arterial and venous whole blood during
      general anaesthesia.
AB  - Ionized calcium, pH, pCO2 and base excess (BE) have been measured in paired
      samples of anaerobically collected arterial (aB) and venous whole blood (vB) from
      patients under general anaesthesia and during recovery. A statistically
      significant decrease was found in the concentration of ionized calcium in
      anaerobic arterial and venous blood during induction of anaesthesia and during
      surgery partly due to variations in pH. Statistically significant correlations
      were found between logcCa2+ and pH (r = -0.67, p less than 0.001), and between
      cCa2+ and pCO2 (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001) in anaerobic arterial blood. The in
      vivo slope (dlogcCa2+/dpH) was found to be -0.15 +/- 0.08 and -0.14 +/- 0.06 for
      arterial and venous blood, respectively (mean +/- SE). The in vitro slope
      estimated by equilibrating arterial and venous serum at two pCO2 values was -0.22
      +/- 0.03, and -0.21 +/- 0.03, respectively (mean +/- SE). Because of a
      considerable variability in slope we believe that the best clinical evaluation of
      ionized calcium is achieved by taking measurements from anaerobically collected
      whole blood. Interpolating or extrapolating ionized calcium to a standard pH of
      7.40 on the basis of a standard slope may introduce unnecessary errors.

PMID- 3358095
TI  - Sensitive assay for thyroglobulin autoantibodies in serum employing polyethylene
      glycol for precipitation.
AB  - A sensitive assay for thyroglobulin autoantibodies (Tg-ab) is described. The
      assay is based on prolonged incubation of [125I]Tg with serum followed by
      precipitation of antibody bound [125I]Tg by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG
      concentration was chosen to give a low precipitation of free [125I]Tg while
      effectively precipitating Tg-ab-bound [125I]Tg. The lowest reference employed
      contained 19.5 MRC U/l Tg-ab. This was always different from an incubate without
      Tg-ab. Tg standard added to samples interfered in the assay giving spuriously low
      Tg-ab values as in other Tg-ab assays. Tg-ab added to samples was recovered
      quantitatively. The interassay coefficient of variation was 19.8% and the intra
      assay coefficient of variation 11.3%. Only eight of 66 serum samples with various
      amounts of Tg-ab, measured with the new assay, had levels of Tg-ab detectable by
      the passive haemagglutination test.

PMID- 3358096
TI  - Evaluation of a radioreceptor assay for TSH receptor autoantibodies.
AB  - A commercial radioreceptor assay for TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAb), based on
      solubilized porcine receptor and purified radio-iodinated bovine TSH, was tested
      in 264 subjects with a variety of thyroid disorders. The sensitivity of the assay
      for the detection of hyperthyroid Graves' disease was 91%. The assay specificity
      for Graves' disease was 95%. With the exception of one patient with Hashimoto's
      disease and one patient with de Quervain's subacute thyroiditis no subjects other
      than Graves' patients had detectable TRAb. Thus purely blocking TSH receptor
      autoantibodies were not detected with the assay. One female with thyroxine
      treated idiopathic primary hypothyroidism who had given birth to two children
      with transiently elevated TSH, was found to have a circulating TSH-binding
      substance that resulted in an abnormally negative TRAb value, and highly
      discrepant results when TSH was measured with a double antibody TSH
      radioimmunoassay and an immunoradiometric assay. The TSH-binding substance was
      precipitated like a protein, but was not IgG. Similar findings have not
      previously been reported.

PMID- 3358097
TI  - Asymptomatic hyperbromidaemia detected as pseudohyperchloridaemia measured with
      an ion selective electrode meter.
AB  - Six patients were found to have increased serum chloride concentrations when
      these concentrations were determined with an ion-selective electrode, but not
      when determined by continuous flow mercuric thiocyanate colorimetry or
      amperometric-coulometric titration. Their serum bromide levels of 1.8-8.0 mmol/l
      were much higher than those of 0.07-0.13 mmol/l in normal controls. The urinary
      bromide excretion, measured in two of these patients, was higher than that in
      normal subjects. No common symptoms or abnormalities in laboratory findings
      except hyperbromidaemia were found in these patients, who claimed not to have
      taken any drugs containing bromide. For determination of the incidence of
      subclinical hyperbromidaemia, the serum bromide concentrations were measured in
      sera of 1,323 outpatients sent to Tokushima University Hospital for routine
      measurements of blood chemistry over a one-month period. Five samples showed
      abnormally high bromide levels. It is concluded that subclinical hyperbromidaemia
      is not as rare as generally thought, though the aetiology of this state is
      unknown. Chloride determination with an ion-selective electrode can be used to
      screen for hyperbromidaemia, since increased levels of bromide ion result in
      apparently high chloride values.

PMID- 3358098
TI  - Effect of ileal exclusion on lipoprotein sitosterol in familial
      hypercholesterolaemia.
AB  - A plant sterol, sitosterol, was quantitated in very low density lipoproteins
      (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) and
      related to faecal steroids and cholesterol absorption in heterozygous familial
      hypercholesterolaemia patients with (n = 7) and without ileal bypass (n = 6). The
      latter had resulted in severe bile acid malabsorption but fractional cholesterol
      absorption was within low control limits. Serum total and LDL cholesterol and
      apoprotein B levels were reduced, whereas HDL cholesterol, apoprotein A-I, VLDL
      and HDL sitosterol concentrations were increased by the ileal exclusion, and the
      increase in LDL and serum total sitosterol levels was insignificant. In terms of
      mmol/mol of cholesterol or apoprotein B, however, the LDL and total sitosterol
      contents were higher in the subjects who had undergone operation. For an unknown
      reason the sitosterol content increased gradually within the lipoprotein
      particles from the lighter to the heavier lipoproteins, and the enrichment was
      similar in the two groups. Dietary sitosterol intake, indicated by faecal
      sitosterol excretion, was similar in the two groups. The contents of serum total
      and LDL sitosterol were positively correlated with the dietary sitosterol intake
      in both groups, and with the fractional cholesterol absorption only in the group
      not subject to operation. These associations were less consistent for sitosterol
      contents in other lipoproteins. We conclude that normally the serum sitosterol
      content reflects cholesterol absorption efficiency even in patients with familial
      hypercholesterolaemia, provided the dietary sitosterol intake is quite constant.
      In addition, for unknown reasons ileal exclusion leads to an increased
      lipoprotein sitosterol content.

PMID- 3358099
TI  - Apolipoprotein E in hepatocellular liver disease.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E concentrations in plasma were investigated in 17 patients with
      hepatocellular (non-cholestatic) liver disease. Ninety-five per cent of plasma
      apolipoprotein E was recovered in density fractions less than 1.063 kg/l and it
      was therefore associated with very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low
      density lipoproteins (LDL). Very low-density lipoproteins and LDL apolipoprotein
      E correlated positively (r = 0.63, p less than 0.01) with plasma bile salt
      concentrations when a decrease in liver protein synthesis was taken into account.
      This may be due to a down-regulation of the hepatic apolipoprotein B, E receptors
      concomitant with increasing plasma bile salt concentrations.

PMID- 3358101
TI  - [Thyroid weight and iodized salt prevention. Comparative study of autopsy
      material from the Institute for Pathology].
AB  - In spring 1980 the amount of iodine in Swiss salt for human consumption was
      increased from 10 to 20 mg KI per kg, a dose producing a daily intake of iodine
      assumed to be sufficient to prevent goiter due to iodine deficiency. To study the
      influence of this higher level of iodine in table salt, thyroid weights and
      goiter incidence were determined in different age groups of both sexes in all
      autopsy cases seen in the Institute of Pathology, University of Zurich in 1984
      and 1985. The findings were compared with the results of a similar investigation
      performed for the years 1978 and 1979 by Gerber shortly before doubling of the
      iodine content in Swiss table salt. The mean thyroid weights of adults aged up to
      40 years were practically identical in both periods. In 1984/85, however, the
      mean thyroid weights of adults aged over 40 years were definitely lower than
      those of 1978/79 and did not exceed 25 g up to the age of 50. As regards goiter
      incidence, there were practically no differences between the two periods, viz.
      30% in 1978/79 and 31% in 1984/85 for both sexes. The high incidence of goiter in
      older patients is probably due to insufficient iodine intake in youth. However,
      other factors such as inborn errors of iodine metabolism have also to be
      considered.

PMID- 3358100
TI  - [Ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. An analysis of 132
      cases].
AB  - A series of 132 consecutive patients with ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal
      aorta or iliac arteries treated between 1979 and 1984 is retrospectively
      reviewed. 13% had a known abdominal aneurysm before rupture. Workup consisted of
      clinical assessment alone in 69%, assisted by ultrasound in 23%. Perioperative
      mortality was 35% (70%-confidence limits (CL) 30%-39%). Preoperative factors
      associated with increased mortality were age over 80 years, shock and evidence of
      coronary artery disease. In addition, intraoperative blood transfusion over 10
      liters, suprarenal site of rupture, presence of free intraperitoneal blood,
      suprarenal aortic clamping and operation lasting longer than 3.5 hours were
      related to death, though higher mortality was statistically significant only for
      operating time and site of clamping. Cardiac morbidity was the most common and
      most critical factor affecting 52% of patients with a mortality of 59% (CL: 52%
      65%). Development of oligo-anuric renal failure in postoperative course was
      almost uniformly associated with death (91%, CL: 83%-96%) even with use of
      dialysis, usually from multiple systems failure. Actuarial five-year survival,
      including perioperative mortality, was 38% (CL: 33%-43%). After a mean follow up
      of 3.3 years 82% (CL: 76%-87%) of surviving patients are in good health
      comparable to the pre-rupture state. Although many risk factors exist there are
      few contraindications to surgery, and results can be improved if workup and
      operation are rapid and simple. Minimizing blood loss is essential, while
      supportive measures in postoperative multiple systems failure still remain a
      serious problem. Prevention of rupture by resection of the intact aneurysm
      remains the ultimate goal.

PMID- 3358102
TI  - [Sensitivity determinations for mycobacteria, fungi, anaerobic and other
      presumptive bacteria].
AB  - The indications and methods for sensitivity testing of mycobacteria, fungi,
      anaerobes, and other fastidious bacteria are described in a study which is part
      of a series on sensitivity testing (this journal, 1984; 114: 1079-1086 and 1987;
      117: 509-517). Since these tests are rarely indicated and involve methodological
      problems, they are best performed by larger laboratories or by reference units.

PMID- 3358103
TI  - [Diabetes or hyperglycemia?].
AB  - An 11-year-old boy developed influenza with glucosuria. An oral glucose test
      performed during the infection revealed values within the diabetic range. Type 1
      diabetes was wrongly diagnosed and insulin therapy initiated. A 19-year-old
      overweight adolescent developed pneumonia with hyperglycemia but without
      polydipsia or polyuria. Further investigation revealed incipient type 1 diabetes.
      As insulin therapy was not initiated the diabetes rapidly decompensated. It is
      recommended that further investigations be conducted in patients with
      hyperglycemia following infections.

PMID- 3358104
TI  - [Fructosamine determination as a screening test for diabetes mellitus in patients
      with acute coronary heart disease].
AB  - Plasma fructosamine was determined in 41 patients with acute coronary heart
      disease (acute myocardial infarction and instable angina) to assess its
      usefulness as a screening method for diabetes mellitus. The results (11/15 true
      positive and 23/26 true negative) were comparable to those for glycated
      hemoglobin (14/15, 22/26). Discriminant analysis was performed to extract
      additional information from further laboratory data (glucose and albumin).

PMID- 3358105
TI  - [Campylobacter jejuni: sepsis and meningitis in an adult without risk factors].
AB  - A case of Campylobacter jejuni meningitis with associated septicemia and positive
      stool culture in a normal host is presented. Clinical findings, course of the
      illness and serologic data are compared with data from the literature. The
      possibility of infection due to a serum-resistant strain of Campylobacter jejuni
      is raised. Retrospective analysis of immunity revealed normal humoral and
      cellular immunity in a healthy patient one year later.

PMID- 3358106
TI  - [A total subcutaneously implantable venous catheter system. 4 years' experience
      in cancer patients].
AB  - A totally implantable venous access system (Port-a-Cath) was inserted in 48
      cancer patients. The devices were utilized for the administration of
      chemotherapy, antibiotics and blood products, as well as for blood drawing.
      Implantation was possible on an outpatient basis. The system provided full
      physical activity and good quality of life for the patient. Complications related
      to the Port-a-Cath were one subclavian vein thrombosis, one catheter thrombosis,
      two catheter dislocations, one dislocation of the "port" and reduced blood
      aspiration in two cases. It is stressed that no catheter related infections were
      seen. With increasing experience of the team the complication rate was
      significantly reduced.

PMID- 3358108
TI  - Medical malpractice in South Dakota.

PMID- 3358109
TI  - Informed consent: another look at disclosure.

PMID- 3358110
TI  - Recurrent abdominal pain due to appendiceal obstruction and its relief by
      appendectomy.

PMID- 3358111
TI  - Geriatric education: training and practice perspectives.

PMID- 3358107
TI  - [Replacement of the aortic valve with a bioprosthesis: 5-year surgical results].
AB  - To evaluate the clinical course after replacement of the aortic valve with a
      porcine heart-valve, 87 patients (mean age 52 years [5-70] at time of surgery)
      were followed up for a five-year period. Operative mortality was 1% and late
      mortality 8%. The actuarial probability of survival at five years for all
      patients was 91%. Embolic events occurred in two patients and endocarditis in
      six. Valve dysfunctions requiring reoperation resulted from bacterial
      endocarditis in three patients, from primary valve dysfunction in three patients
      and from paravalvular leak in another three patients. Echocardiographic cross
      examination of the bioprostheses showed degenerative processes in eight
      asymptomatic patients. Patients who underwent reoperation or showed valve
      degeneration were significantly younger (41 +/- 19 years and 42 +/- 9 years
      respectively) than patients without valve degeneration (52 +/- 9 years) [p less
      than 0.05]. We conclude that there is an increased risk of primary valve
      degeneration for patients under age 35. Echo-Doppler sonographic cross
      examinations of the heart are a highly sensitive means of detecting early
      degeneration of the bioprostheses.

PMID- 3358112
TI  - Biological trace element research: a multidisciplinary science.
AB  - The last decade may be regarded as a crucial turning point in new developments in
      many areas of biological trace element research. It is slowly being recognized as
      a multidisciplinary science which requires a combination of biological insight
      and analytical awareness in planning the studies. It is also acknowledged that
      the complexities involved in dealing with the requirements of trace element
      research studies in the life sciences demand comprehensive planning of the
      investigations and use of a variety of techniques, thus bringing together a
      variety of talents. It cannot be emphasized enough that accurate analytical
      measurements on biologically and analytically "valid" samples hold the key for
      success in future biological trace element research studies. These aspects are
      illustrated.

PMID- 3358113
TI  - An interlaboratory comparison programme for several toxic substances in blood and
      urine.
AB  - Since 1979, the Centre de Toxicologie du Quebec has operated an interlaboratory
      comparison programme for several toxic substances in blood and urine. We
      initiated this program due to the unavailability of reliable and representative
      reference materials for toxic elements in blood and urine. The main objective is
      to enable participants to improve or maintain the accuracy of their analytical
      work by periodically comparing their results. There are presently 76 laboratories
      registered in the programme for one or more substances. The majority are located
      in North America with several others in Europe and South America. Available
      substances include lead and cadmium in blood, aluminum in serum, and mercury,
      arsenic, cadmium, fluoride and chromium in urine. Samples are prepared by pooling
      specimens obtained from exposed workers. We have examined the performance of
      participants over the course of the years using as criteria the deviation from
      the target value, the scatter of results and the proficiency within preset limits
      of toxicological significance. Whenever possible the influence of analytical
      methods was evaluated. The feedback provided by participation in the programme
      appears to be a significant factor in the maintenance or improvement of
      analytical proficiency. The vast majority of participants obtain results of
      adequate reliability for use in the monitoring of exposed workers.

PMID- 3358114
TI  - Determination of lead in blood--an interlaboratory study.
AB  - An international co-operative blood-Pb interlaboratory study and a Canadian co
      operative blood-Pb interlaboratory study were conducted using freeze-dried bovine
      blood samples with different endogenous Pb levels. The samples were prepared from
      whole blood of a nonexposed cow and another fed with a single dose of lead
      acetate. The mean values computed for the two samples analyzed by 25
      international participants from 13 countries were 55 and 250 micrograms Pb l-1,
      respectively. These results showed a positive bias of 10% for the low level and
      9% for the high Pb level with respect to the reference values obtained by isotope
      dilution mass spectrometry. In the case of the Canadian interlaboratory survey
      the mean values computed for the two samples analyzed by the 12 participants were
      40 and 229 micrograms Pb l-1, respectively. These results showed a negative bias
      of 20 and 0.4% in relation to the target values of 50 and 230 micrograms Pb l-1,
      respectively. Despite such a bias, the data, on the whole, were of acceptable
      precision and accuracy when compared with previous interlaboratory blood-Pb
      surveys.

PMID- 3358115
TI  - Microsampling technique and determination of blood lead by Zeeman atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry.
AB  - Quality control materials and participation in proficiency testing programmes
      were used for assessing the long-term performance of our blood lead analysis. The
      accuracy and precision of the blood controls, Metals 1 and 2 from the Behring
      Institute, were evaluated over a 1-year period. The accuracy of the method was
      also monitored by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Blood Lead Proficiency
      Testing Programme over a 3-year period. Nearly 85% (28 out of 33 samples) of our
      results were within +/- 5% of the CDC reference values. There were excellent
      correlations between our results and the target values of several proficiency
      testing samples, with correlation coefficient values of 0.9959-0.9970. The method
      was used for the screening of blood lead in children in conjunction with
      microsampling techniques.

PMID- 3358116
TI  - Determination of toxic elements in biological materials by furnace atomic
      absorption spectrometry.
AB  - Graphite furnace AAS has evolved into its third phase of maturity. Initially it
      was considered to be the ultimate high sensitivity interference-free technique
      for trace metal analysis. This phase quickly ended following the examination of
      complex sample types. We believe that the introduction of high-performance
      background correction such as Smith-Hieftje, delayed atomization techniques, and
      aerosol deposition have taken graphite furnace AAS into its third phase. The
      technique can now be used more routinely and more easily for the analysis of
      complex materials such as biological fluids.

PMID- 3358117
TI  - Speciation studies of serum aluminum/citrate complex by liquid chromatography
      furnace AAS.
AB  - We examined, in chronic-haemodialysis patients, the in vitro effect of citrate on
      aluminum binding to plasma proteins, desferrioxamine, and other constituents, by
      gel filtration chromatography. The elution profile of these complexes was studied
      by equilibrium and fast-protein liquid chromatography. The aluminum distribution
      was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. We found that
      citrate mobilized aluminum from plasma binding sites to form an aluminum-citrate
      complex, possibly of colloidal nature.

PMID- 3358118
TI  - Aluminum toxicity to the brain.
AB  - The association between elevated brain aluminum levels and Alzheimer's disease
      (AD) is examined and critically reviewed. We found elevated aluminum levels in
      the brains of patients with AD (greater than 4 micrograms/g dry wt.) compared
      with normal subjects (approximately 1.5 micrograms/g dry wt.). Nine laboratories
      from different geographical regions have confirmed this finding. Two laboratories
      did not find any differences between AD and control brains. This discrepancy is
      traced to differences in sample sizes used for the aluminum assay and the sample
      selection criteria. It is found that it is essential to use small sizes
      (approximately 10 mg dry wt.) and to ensure that control brains do not contain
      neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and that AD brains do. The exact pathogenic role of
      aluminum in AD is, as yet, unclear. It is the only element (other than calcium,
      which non-specifically accumulates at all degenerating tissue sites) that is
      found in elevated concentrations in NFTs. It is found elevated at four loci in
      the brain, i.e. the DNA-containing structures of the nucleus, the protein moities
      of NFTs, the amyloid cores of senile plaques and cerebral ferritin. The evidence
      thus far indicates that aluminum is toxic to the brain and it is probable that it
      has a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3358119
TI  - DNA databases monitored.

PMID- 3358120
TI  - "Lost" sex survey.

PMID- 3358121
TI  - Sverdlovsk: anthrax capital?

PMID- 3358122
TI  - AIDS in the U.S.S.R.

PMID- 3358123
TI  - Whistle-blowers air cases at house hearings.

PMID- 3358124
TI  - British and French get research prescriptions.

PMID- 3358125
TI  - Cloud over Parkinson's therapy.

PMID- 3358126
TI  - Ethical issues raised.

PMID- 3358127
TI  - Stereoselective organic reactions: catalysts for carbonyl addition processes.
AB  - Important advances are being made in the development of stereoselective organic
      reactions. Some of the emerging research directions that hold forth great promise
      in this area deal with the development of chiral catalysts for these processes.
      This review attempts to unify one aspect of this field, the development of
      catalysts and catalyst models for the enantioselective addition of hydride and
      carbon nucleophiles to carbonyl substrates. Mechanistic constructs for the
      stereodifferentiating transition states are provided.

PMID- 3358128
TI  - Probing structure-function relations in heme-containing oxygenases and
      peroxidases.
AB  - Structural factors that influence functional properties are examined in the case
      of four heme enzymes: cytochrome P-450, chloroperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase,
      and secondary amine mono-oxygenase. The identity of the axial ligand, the nature
      of the heme environment, and the steric accessibility of the heme iron and heme
      edge combine to play major roles in determining the reactivity of each enzyme.
      The importance of synthetic porphyrin models in understanding the properties of
      the protein-free metal center is emphasized. The conclusions described herein
      have been derived from studies at the interface between biological and inorganic
      chemistry.

PMID- 3358129
TI  - A "selfish" B chromosome that enhances its transmission by eliminating the
      paternal genome.
AB  - In the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, males are haploid and usually develop
      from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and develop from fertilized
      eggs. Some individuals in this species carry a genetic element, termed psr
      (paternal sex ratio), which is transmitted through sperm and causes condensation
      and subsequent loss of paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs, thus converting
      diploid females into haploid males. In this report the psr trait was shown to be
      caused by a supernumerary chromosome. This B chromosome contains at least three
      repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to each other or to the host
      genome. The psr chromosome apparently produces a trans-acting product responsible
      for condensation of the paternal chromosomes, but is itself insensitive to the
      effect. Because the psr chromosome enhances its transmission by eliminating the
      rest of the genome, it can be considered the most "selfish" genetic element yet
      described.

PMID- 3358130
TI  - Scanning tunneling microscopy of recA-DNA complexes coated with a conducting
      film.
AB  - A link between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and conventional transmission
      electron microscopy has been established for biological material by applying STM
      on freeze-dried recA-DNA complexes coated with a conducting film. The topography
      of the complexes observed by means of STM revealed a right-handed single helix
      composed of about six recA monomers per helical turn.

PMID- 3358131
TI  - Synchronous multicentric desmoid tumors (aggressive fibromatosis) of the
      extremities.
AB  - Synchronous multicentric aggressive fibromatosis does not appear to have been
      previously reported. Two such cases are described. The tumors were identified by
      magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The incidence of synchronous multicentric
      aggressive fibromatosis is not known. It is anticipated that increased use of
      coronal MR imaging will reveal more tumors of this type, both synchronous and
      metachronous. In a patient with known or suspected aggressive fibromatosis, every
      other soft tissue nodule or mass in the same limb has to be regarded as an
      additional tumor of the same histology.

PMID- 3358132
TI  - Arthrography after total hip arthroplasty: utility of postambulation radiographs.
AB  - We compare pre- and postambulation arthrograms in 24 patients with total hip
      arthroplasty. In nearly half (42%) of these cases, the arthrographic evidence of
      a loosened prosthesis was more obvious after ambulation. Three patients (12.5%)
      had components which were normal by arthrographic criteria before walking, but
      were abnormal afterwards. We conclude that postambulation radiographs are
      valuable in patients who are examined for suspected loosening of prosthetic
      components.

PMID- 3358133
TI  - Magnetic resonance images of chronic patellar tendinitis.
AB  - Chronic patellar tendinitis can be a frustrating diagnostic and therapeutic
      problem. This report evaluates seven tendons in five patients with chronic
      patellar tendinitis. The etiologies included "jumper's knee" and Osgood-Schlatter
      disease. In all cases magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed thickening of the
      tendon. Some of the tendons had focal areas of thickening which helped establish
      the etiology. All cases had intratendinous areas of increased signal which, in
      four cases, proved to be chronic tendon tears. MRI is useful in evaluating
      chronic patellar tendinitis because it establishes the diagnosis, detects
      associated chronic tears, and may help determine appropriate rehabilitation.

PMID- 3358134
TI  - Radiological evaluation of chronic hemophilic arthropathy by the Pettersson
      score: problems in correlation in adult patients.
AB  - This study deals with the distribution and extent of hemophilic arthropathy (HA)
      in 52 adult patients suffering from severe hemophilia A. A clinical and
      radiological evaluation was undertaken and the results were compared. The
      limitations of the currently used radiological scoring system are discussed.

PMID- 3358135
TI  - Concentric joint space narrowing of the hip associated with hemosiderotic
      synovitis (HS) including pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).
AB  - Concentric joint space narrowing of the hip is an expected radiographic finding
      in cases of inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis or sepsis.
      However, similar joint space narrowing is associated with chronic hemorrhagic
      conditions that produce hemosiderotic synovitis. Hemosiderotic synovitis results
      from chronic intra-articular bleeding such as occurs in pigmented villonodular
      synovitis, generalized bleeding diathesis, synovial hemangioma, and chronic
      trauma. Five hips in five patients with concentric joint space narrowing not
      associated with inflammatory arthritis or with hemophilia were reviewed
      clinically, radiographically, and pathologically. All patients had a
      hemosiderotic synovitis. The definitive diagnosis of pigmented villonodular
      synovitis was made pathologically in two cases that demonstrated nodular areas of
      giant cell proliferation, collagen production, and lipid-laden histiocytes on
      histologic samples.

PMID- 3358136
TI  - Case report 449: Chondroblastoma involving C5 and C6.

PMID- 3358137
TI  - Case report 458: Low grade hemangioendothelioma of the clavicle and acromion.

PMID- 3358138
TI  - Case report 459: Fibrosarcomatous dedifferentiation of chondrosarcoma of the
      tibia.

PMID- 3358139
TI  - Case report 462: Grade 2 myxoid fibrosarcoma of femur.

PMID- 3358140
TI  - Fibrous metaphyseal defects--determination of their origin and natural history
      using a radiomorphological study.
AB  - The radiomorphological appearance of fibrous metaphyseal defects (FMDs) is
      demonstrated by long-term follow-up studies. A characteristic radiomorphological
      course rather than a typical single appearance can be established. These findings
      correlate well with the duration of these tumor-like lesions; therefore, the
      radiological findings allow conclusions to be made about the age of a fibrous
      metaphyseal defect. In addition, the characteristic locations of FMDs will be
      explained in respect of their origins at insertions of tendons and ligaments.

PMID- 3358141
TI  - Case report 463: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of knee.

PMID- 3358142
TI  - Case report 464: Bilateral congenital absence of the hook of the hamate.

PMID- 3358143
TI  - Choosing alternative medicine: a comparison of the beliefs of patients visiting a
      general practitioner and a homoeopath.
AB  - This study was concerned with the different health and illness beliefs of
      patients choosing traditional vs alternative medicine. Two groups of patients,
      one visiting a GP and the other a homoeopath, were not significantly different in
      terms of sex, age, education, marital status, religion and income. They were
      asked to complete a questionnaire measuring such things as their perceived
      susceptibility to disease and illness; their beliefs concerning their own control
      over their health; measures of their own mental health; preventive measures in
      staying healthy; and the perceived efficacy of traditional vs alternative
      treatment. The major differences between the two groups were the fact that the
      homoeopathic group were much more critical and sceptical about the efficacy of
      traditional medicine; they believe that their general health could be improved;
      and that they tended to have higher psychiatric morbidity. By and large, the two
      groups did not differ on their beliefs about illness susceptibility or preventive
      measures. The results suggested that people who choose alternative medicine may
      do so from disenchantment with, and bad experiences of, traditional medical
      practitioners, rather than believing that traditional medicine is itself
      ineffective. Limitations of this particular study are also considered.

PMID- 3358144
TI  - Maternal and sociodemographic correlates of child morbidity in Bas Zaire: the
      effects of maternal reporting.
AB  - Cross-sectional survey data, collected in Bas Zaire from the mothers of 1200
      urban and 1670 rural children born in the last 5 years, are used to assess
      variations in diarrheal, malarial, helminthic, and other child morbidities by
      selected household, maternal and child factors. In a multivariate analysis, we
      focus on maternal age and birth order as determinants of recent illnesses to
      observe any parallels in their effects on child mortality. These relationships
      are found after adjusting for bias from differential maternal perceptions of
      illnesses.

PMID- 3358145
TI  - Structural characteristics of social networks and their relationship with social
      support in the elderly: who provides support.
AB  - The analyses presented here examine relationships between structural
      characteristics of social networks and two types of support (instrumental and
      emotional support) in a sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and
      older. For each type of support, two dimensions are examined (1) the availability
      of such support and (2) the perceived adequacy of that support. Regression
      models, adjusting for age, sex, race and income show that structural
      characteristics such as total network size, number of face-to-face contacts and
      number of proximal ties are associated with greater availability of both
      instrumental and emotional support. The perceived adequacy of both types of
      support is most strongly related to the number of monthly face-to-face contacts.
      Comparisons of specific types of ties show that neither ones' spouse nor ones'
      children are primary sources of support. Rather the presence of a confidant is
      strongly associated with both dimensions of instrumental and emotional support;
      the presence of a spouse is not. And, while ties with children are most strongly
      related to aspects of instrumental support, ties with close friends and relatives
      are more strongly related to aspects of emotional support. Analyses of possible
      interactions show that for those without a spouse, confidants assume greater
      importance in providing emotional support. For those without children, ties with
      close friends and relatives assume a larger role relative to the perceived
      adequacy of both emotional and instrumental support.

PMID- 3358146
TI  - Life-history correlates of environmental tobacco smoke: a study on nonsmoking
      Hong Kong Chinese wives with smoking versus nonsmoking husbands.
AB  - Studies to evaluate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS, passive
      smoking) often use nonsmoking wives with smoking discordant husbands. To see
      whether there were differences in exposures and behavior patterns among never
      smoked wives with never-smoked vs ever-smoked husbands, the life-history profiles
      of 136 ever-married women with mean age of 59 were analyzed on 97 quantifiable
      variables. Overall, the results demonstrated that wives with never-smoked
      husbands had 'healthier' lifestyles than wives with smoking husbands. The former
      were better off in terms of socio-economic status, more conscientious housewives,
      ate better diets, and had better indices of family cohesiveness. They also fared
      better in variables that reflected health status with lower frequencies of the
      following: miscarriages/abortions, inhaling through the mouth, chronic cough, and
      chest X-rays. The differences were usually largest when comparing wives of never
      smoked vs heavily smoking (greater than 20 cigarettes/day) husbands. The results
      indicate some correlates of passive smoking that can act as important confounders
      when evaluating health risks among families with smoking husbands.

PMID- 3358147
TI  - Swedish physicians' perspectives on work and the medical care system--III:
      Private practitioners on the public system.
AB  - This paper reports the results of focused interviews in 1978-1979 with Swedish
      physicians in private practice about the public system of medical care in Sweden.
      They were asked about the system as a work environment for physicians and as a
      system of care for patients. Respondents, who were outside the public system
      (although financed mainly by public mechanisms) said the public system as a place
      to work had advantages in its high technical quality, facilities for research and
      training, and the capacity to treat complicated disease; its disadvantages were
      said to be inefficiency, lack of communication, poor patient care, and blocked
      mobility for physicians without doctorates. As a system of care, its one
      advantage was said to be that it provided care at less out-of-pocket cost to
      patients; its reported disadvantages were poor quality care and a tendency to be
      overly comprehensive. These perspectives are discussed with respect to their
      structural and historical contexts.

PMID- 3358148
TI  - Correlation between birth weights of infants born in the Yemen Arab Republic and
      the extent to which mothers said they chewed qat.

PMID- 3358150
TI  - [Management of an office; management of accounts].

PMID- 3358149
TI  - [Prevention of decubitus ulcers].

PMID- 3358151
TI  - [Independent nursing practice and computers. How to computerize effectively].

PMID- 3358152
TI  - [The private duty nurse and home hospitalization: competition or complement?].

PMID- 3358153
TI  - [Stomata and the private duty nurse].

PMID- 3358154
TI  - [Freelance nurse; why?].

PMID- 3358156
TI  - [A sector in complete change].

PMID- 3358155
TI  - [The problem of decubitus ulcers].

PMID- 3358157
TI  - [The public health code].

PMID- 3358158
TI  - [Knowing private duty practice].

PMID- 3358159
TI  - [Practice of the private duty nurse].

PMID- 3358160
TI  - Joining the information age.

PMID- 3358161
TI  - Learning medicine.

PMID- 3358162
TI  - Reflections from a decade of carotid reconstructive surgery.
AB  - Carotid artery reconstructive surgery for atherosclerotic lesions of the
      extracranial cerebral circulation has become the most common operation in
      peripheral vascular surgery. A better understanding of the indications for
      operative intervention, enhanced monitoring during surgery, and more precise
      management of intraoperative anesthesia have all helped decrease the risks
      associated with internal carotid endarterectomy. To evaluate the safety and
      efficacy of extracranial carotid reconstructive surgery, we reviewed 2,857
      operations done on 2,087 patients from 1976 to 1985. Operation was recommended
      because of hemispheric symptoms in 58%, and because of asymptomatic, significant
      stenosis in 14%. Postoperative hemiparesis occurred in 24 patients and was
      associated with thrombosis at the operative site in 18 patients. Antiplatelet
      drugs used during the last three years were found to be effective in preventing
      thrombosis at the operative site. Operative mortality during the study period was
      1.5%. Follow-up has ranged from one month to 104 months, with 84% of the patients
      alive and 79% symptom free.

PMID- 3358164
TI  - Emergency department infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterization in patients
      with multiple injuries and burns.
AB  - We assessed the complications associated with emergency department placement of
      subclavian vein catheters in trauma and burn patients, reviewing the charts of
      all of the 441 patients admitted to the burn-trauma unit through the emergency
      department during 1983. Fifty-two patients (12%) had infraclavicular placement of
      subclavian catheters while in the emergency department. Sex, age, insertion site,
      blood pressure at time of insertion, indications for placement, catheters left in
      place, and complications were recorded. Patients with severe chest trauma or
      known pneumothorax or hemothorax on the ipsilateral side of line placement were
      excluded. The eight complications (15%) directly attributable to the procedure
      itself were one pneumothorax, two hematomas at the site of insertion, one knotted
      catheter, two misplaced catheters, and two episodes of sepsis, confirming the
      higher complication rates for emergency subclavian catheter insertion. Two upper
      extremity, 14 gauge percutaneously placed intravenous catheters are usually
      sufficient for resuscitation; femoral and cutdown routes offer additional sites
      for massive resuscitation. Subclavian catheterization is seldom needed in the
      emergency room. Any intravenous lines inserted in the emergency room should be
      changed within 24 hours to minimize infection.

PMID- 3358163
TI  - Graded exercise testing for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in elderly
      patients.
AB  - We tested the clinical utility and predictive value of graded exercise testing in
      the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in 153 patients aged 65 years or more.
      Based on changes of the ST segment from baseline, the test was considered
      positive with 1 mm of depression lasting 0.08 seconds, negative with no changes
      despite 85% of predicted maximal heart rate, probably positive with 1 mm of
      depression at rest becoming 2 mm with exercise, probably negative with no changes
      at maximal heart rate (within 10 beats per minute of 85% of predicted maximal),
      and uninterpretable with baseline electrocardiographic changes (eg, digitalis
      effect, left bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy, etc). A test was
      considered inadequate when the exercise tolerance was less than or equal to 5
      METs (metabolic equivalent of the task) and/or maximal heart rate was less than
      100 beats per minute. The 153 patients had 163 tests. Only 33 (20%) were
      considered inadequate or uninterpretable, and there were no complications
      requiring medical intervention. Of 82 patients who had coronary angiography, 52
      (63%) had 50% stenosis of at least one major epicardial artery; 44 of these
      patients had positive results of exercise testing. Nine patients with negative
      exercise tests had negative angiograms. There were eight false-negative and seven
      false-positive results. These results revealed a sensitivity of 85%, a
      specificity of 56%, and a predictive value of 86% for a positive test.

PMID- 3358165
TI  - Renal artery reconstruction: extended indications.
AB  - Renal artery reconstruction has traditionally been limited to cases of documented
      renal artery hypertension. We report our experience with renal artery
      reconstruction on 32 arteries in 23 patients over a three-year period. These
      procedures were done for renovascular hypertension in nine patients, for renal
      preservation in seven patients, and concomitantly with aortic reconstruction in
      seven patients. Aortorenal bypass was the primary method of reconstruction, with
      thromboendarterectomy, primary reanastomosis, and splenorenal bypass being used
      less frequently. Significant improvement in hypertension was seen in virtually
      all patients, with improvement in renal function seen in all patients operated on
      for threatened renal function. In no case did renal function deteriorate
      postoperatively, and there have been no operative deaths. Major complications
      included postoperative hemorrhage (four patients), myocardial infarction (one
      patient), and restenosis of an artery after previous thromboendarterectomy (one
      patient). Renal artery revascularization procedures are safe and useful in
      selected patients with hypertension and ischemic nephropathy.

PMID- 3358166
TI  - Catheter drainage of ischiorectal abscesses.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 55 patients with ischiorectal abscesses
      treated from 1980 to 1983 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The patients were
      treated by placement of a 10F to 16F soft latex mushroom catheter into the
      abscess cavity under local anesthesia as an office procedure. The end of the
      catheter was shortened to leave 2 to 3 cm exiting the skin, and a bandage was
      applied. No sutures or irrigations were used, and the drains were removed an
      average of 12 days after placement. Antibiotics were not given. The patients
      ranged in age from 17 to 76 years (mean, 40 years) and 36% were female. Four
      patients had diabetes, and eight had a history of inflammatory bowel disease.
      Nine patients had been treated previously for anorectal abscesses. There were no
      complications. Adequate follow-up was obtainable in 31 patients (ten to 63
      months; mean, 30 months). Eight of them (26%) were subsequently treated for
      fistulas found after resolution of the abscess, and an additional eight (26%) had
      a second abscess form during the follow-up period. The average time to this
      recurrence was 20 months. Catheter drainage of ischiorectal abscess in selected
      cases resulted in healing with low morbidity and significant cost savings.

PMID- 3358167
TI  - Syphilis in pregnancy.
AB  - The course and outcome of 356 pregnant patients who had a positive serologic test
      for syphilis and who had delivery at the LSU Medical Center between Jan 1, 1982
      and Dec 31, 1984 were compared to those of our general obstetric population.
      Records of these women and their infants were reviewed for details of prenatal
      care, diagnosis of syphilis, past treatment, discharge diagnoses, and follow-up.
      Syphilis occurred during the index pregnancy in 159 cases. Women with syphilis
      were older, likely to be black and unmarried, and likely to have been pregnant
      before. Their prenatal care was the same as that of our general obstetric
      population. Prematurity in syphilitic pregnancies was twice that of our general
      population; stillborns were four times as common. Eighty-six patients were
      treated before delivery and 73 were not; the latter included women without
      prenatal care, those who contracted syphilis after negative early pregnancy
      screening, and those not treated because of physician error. Forty-nine infants
      had probable congenital syphilis; seven were stillborn and 42 liveborn.

PMID- 3358168
TI  - Diagnosis of neurosyphilis: a critical assessment of current methods.
AB  - Clinical features of 74 patients with neurosyphilis and 38 syphilitic patients
      with nonsyphilitic neurologic disorders were correlated with results of their
      serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VDRL and FTA tests, and with the WBC count
      and total protein level in the CSF. The most common clinical features in those
      having neurosyphilis were reflex changes (53.9%), peripheral neuropathy (44.5%),
      ataxia (38%), and cranial nerve palsies (24.3%). In 27% of the patients with
      neurosyphilis the CSF was VDRL-reactive, while in 77% the CSF was FTA-reactive.
      The frequency of elevated WBC counts in various serologic categories ranged from
      23% to 46%, and the frequency of elevated protein levels ranged from 23% to 27%;
      neither the mean WBC count nor the protein level differed significantly among the
      different serologic categories (P less than .05). Only two of the 74 patients
      with neurosyphilis had elevation of both the WBC and protein level. None of the
      syphilitic patients without neurosyphilis had an elevated WBC or protein level,
      though the CSF was FTA-reactive in all 38. Among the neurosyphilis patients whose
      CSF was VDRL-nonreactive but FTA-reactive, 21% had an elevated protein level and
      26% had an elevated WBC count. These results support the view that patients
      having neurosyphilis will not necessarily have either VDRL-reactive CSF or the
      other expected CSF abnormalities.

PMID- 3358169
TI  - Effect of intravenous glucagon on intraoperative cholangiography.
AB  - Intravenous glucagon has been advocated as a useful adjunct to intraoperative
      cholangiography. Thirty patients scheduled for elective cholecystectomy were
      entered into a prospective, randomized, double-blind study to test the effects of
      glucagon on intraoperative cholangiography. All patients randomly received either
      glucagon or normal saline (control group) and had two cholangiograms taken at one
      and five minutes after injection during the course of the cholecystectomy. The
      films were scored in a blinded fashion by both radiologists and the operating
      surgeon, and scores were compared between the control subjects and the study
      group. There was no significant statistical improvement in cholangiograms
      obtained after glucagon injection (alpha = .05).

PMID- 3358170
TI  - Infantile botulism.
AB  - We present the first two known cases of infantile botulism in Oklahoma. The first
      case was due to type B toxin; the second was due to type A toxin. Both cases
      demonstrate most of the classic features of what now appears to be the most
      common form of botulism. Infantile botulism is an underrecognized but reversible
      cause of hypotonia. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent with institution of
      appropriate supportive care. The recognition of cranial nerve palsies or a
      history of constipation should raise the suspicion of infantile botulism.
      Aminoglycoside antibiotics and other agents that may precipitate or exacerbate
      neuromuscular blockade should be used with extreme caution in hypotonic infants
      until the cause of the hypotonia is clearly identified.

PMID- 3358171
TI  - Brooks fusion for atlantoaxial instability in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Atlantoaxial instability in rheumatoid arthritis has been recognized in the
      natural history of rheumatoid arthritis, but successful surgical stabilization
      has proven to be elusive. We review our experience using the Brooks technique of
      wedge compression arthrodesis combined with halo immobilization in five women
      with rheumatoid arthritis with symptomatic C1-2 subluxation. Halo-vest
      immobilization was continued for six weeks postoperatively, and then exchanged
      for a rigid cervical orthosis for an additional six weeks. Solid, asymptomatic
      fusion developed in all patients within this 12-week period. Follow-up ranges
      from 18 to 56 months. One major complication occurred in a patient who had
      significant postoperative quadriparesis in spite of normal intraoperative sensory
      evoked potentials; it has since slowly resolved.

PMID- 3358172
TI  - Bone mineral content in smokers.
AB  - We did a cross-sectional evaluation of the effect of heavy cigarette smoking on
      bone mass using single photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the radius in 35 smokers
      (24 women, 11 men) and 35 nonsmokers (24 women, 11 men). Individuals from the two
      groups were carefully matched for sex, age, weight, height, calcium intake, and,
      for women, menopausal history and estrogen use. We found no differences between
      smokers and nonsmokers at the middle or distal portion of the radius. This
      suggests that smoking has no direct effect on appendicular bone mass; however, it
      may still influence bone loss indirectly through effects on other factors such as
      age at menopause, body weight, diet, and possibly physical activity.

PMID- 3358173
TI  - Cartilage tumors of the larynx.
AB  - Tumors of cartilage in the larynx arise either from the cartilaginous skeleton of
      the larynx or as metaplastic nodules in laryngeal soft tissues, unassociated with
      the hyaline cartilages of the larynx. Chondrosarcomas, nearly always
      histologically low-grade, make up the largest numbers of the neoplasms and arise
      principally from the cricoid cartilage. Despite a recurrence rate of 65%,
      conservative surgical management, when possible, is advocated to preserve the
      larynx. Chondrometaplastic nodules are to be distinguished from chondrosarcoma
      and the rarely occurring chondroma. The nodules are not neoplastic and have a low
      to nil recurrent potential.

PMID- 3358174
TI  - Subtypes of depression in patients with chronic pain.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that depression can be assessed in patients who have
      chronic pain. This study shows that various subtypes of depression can be
      differentiated in such patients using a standardized diagnostic schema for
      psychiatric disorders and a self-rating instrument for assessing the level of
      psychologic distress. In addition, when examining the onset of pain and subtypes
      of depression, there was no correlation between the onset of major depression and
      pain, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between the onset of
      chronic depression and pain. The recognition of the subtypes of depression has
      clinical implications in the management of the patient with chronic pain and
      depression.

PMID- 3358175
TI  - Communication difficulty of patients with schizophrenia and physical illness.
AB  - Our study was done to determine whether patients with schizophrenia and a
      coexisting physical disorder could adequately discuss the physical illness with a
      physician. We defined the minimal standard of adequate communication as the
      ability to acknowledge and name a physical problem during an index
      hospitalization. Of the 110 patients studied, 38 had a total of 54 medical
      illnesses (diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, thyroid disorder, urinary tract
      infection, bladder dysfunction, hypertension, anemia, liver disorder, and seizure
      disorder). After two years of follow-up, 28 of these 38 patients agreed to
      participate in the second part of the study. Upon interview, 24 patients were
      unable to name at least one of their physical problems. This study reproduces the
      previous findings of psychiatric patients' difficulty in communicating about
      physical illness. It suggests that the communication difficulty is constant and
      not lessened in the nonacute situation.

PMID- 3358176
TI  - Initial resuscitation and assessment of patients with multisystem blunt trauma.
AB  - In the vast majority of blunt trauma victims, shock is due to blood loss. Whereas
      the diagnosis of circulatory collapse is clear-cut, the rapid identification and
      control of the bleeding source may not be. Such patients often have injuries to
      several body systems and thus have numerous possible sources of hemorrhage.
      Ideally, the injury pattern should be defined during resuscitation, preferably by
      a trauma team using standardized protocols. Airway patency and adequacy of
      ventilation have top priority. The cervical spine must be immobilized until
      fracture has been ruled out. In concert with respiratory management, other
      members of the trauma team should secure adequate vascular access, resuscitate
      the patient, and perform a physical examination. Physical findings dictate the
      order of further diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers. Patients in unstable
      condition may need emergency surgery.

PMID- 3358177
TI  - Adenotonsillectomy in children.

PMID- 3358178
TI  - Near-total gastric necrosis caused by acute gastric dilatation.
AB  - Gastric dilatation caused by psychogenic polyphagia or bulimia may, under extreme
      circumstances, progress to total gastric necrosis. We have described a patient in
      whom acute abdominal symptoms and signs developed while he was receiving
      psychiatric treatment. Laparotomy showed massive gastric dilatation with near
      total infarction. Total gastrectomy with cervical esophagostomy, feeding and
      decompressing jejunostomies, and wide drainage of the gastric bed were done.
      After staged reconstruction, recovery was uneventful.

PMID- 3358179
TI  - Pulmonary venous obstruction after atrioplasty for partial anomalous pulmonary
      venous drainage.
AB  - We have described the clinical, angiographic, and pathologic features of a case
      of unilateral pulmonary venous obstructive disease that followed a baffle repair
      of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Management consisted of resection
      of the affected lung. The patient is doing well ten years later.

PMID- 3358180
TI  - Cyclic neutropenia and pregnancy.
AB  - We have described a case of cyclic neutropenia and pregnancy. Although many such
      cases exist, we believe this is the first time the association has been
      documented. In this patient, pregnancy had a mitigating effect on the symptoms
      caused by cyclic neutropenia.

PMID- 3358182
TI  - Dizziness due to dysautonomia: response to specific therapy.
AB  - We have reported a case of hypervagal dysautonomia in which there was improvement
      in the results of autonomic nervous system tests (ANSTs) as well as in the
      patient's symptoms. This patient is one of more than 200 patients who have had
      our testing protocol. Although a high percentage of autonomic dysfunction was
      detected in this group of patients, we do not suggest that these tests be applied
      routinely to every patient complaining of dizziness. Rather, ANSTs should be
      selectively administered after otologic disease has been excluded and when
      dizziness is accompanied by various other symptoms.

PMID- 3358181
TI  - Ventricular tachyarrhythmias during cesarean section after ritodrine therapy:
      interaction with anesthetics.
AB  - This case illustrates that patients receiving ritodrine for preterm labor may
      risk interactions between the residual betamimetic effects of ritodrine and the
      effects of anesthetics during cesarean section. Such interactions may result in
      serious cardiovascular complications even after cessation of an infusion of
      ritodrine. Preoperative assessment should focus on cardiovascular status and
      serum potassium level. Delaying induction of anesthesia should be considered
      whenever possible. Careful fluid administration and cautious use of titrated
      doses of ephedrine are advised. After delivery of the infant, there should be no
      contraindication to the use of an alpha-adrenergic vasopressor such as
      phenylephrine to treat hypotensive patients with tachycardia.

PMID- 3358183
TI  - Neonatal refractory supraventricular tachycardia: successful treatment with
      amiodarone.
AB  - A 3-week-old neonate with supraventricular tachycardia unresponsive to
      traditional therapy was treated successfully with amiodarone. An
      electrophysiologic study suggested the presence of a concealed left-sided
      accessory atrioventricular pathway. Because of its significant side effects,
      amiodarone should be used only as a last resort in the treatment of neonatal
      supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3358184
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome
      and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - We have reported a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in a patient with
      historical and clinical features suggestive of heat stroke or sepsis and adult
      respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS and disseminated intravascular
      coagulation may be important, atypical signs encountered early in NMS and
      complicating its recognition.

PMID- 3358185
TI  - Heavy metal poisoning.

PMID- 3358186
TI  - Orphenadrine abuse.

PMID- 3358187
TI  - A bizarre cause of i.v. catheter embolization.

PMID- 3358188
TI  - [Development of the public health system and improvement in the quality of
      medical services to the population].

PMID- 3358189
TI  - [Improvement of public health management].

PMID- 3358190
TI  - [Toward the active development of medical science].

PMID- 3358192
TI  - [Financing and improving the economic mechanism in public health].

PMID- 3358191
TI  - [The future development of maternal and child health systems].

PMID- 3358193
TI  - [Strengthening the material and technical base of public health].

PMID- 3358194
TI  - [Public discussion of the outlook for the development of public health].

PMID- 3358195
TI  - [Improving the supply of drugs].

PMID- 3358196
TI  - [Expanding the construction and reconstruction of public health facilities].

PMID- 3358197
TI  - [Resolving social problems related to the working and living conditions of public
      health workers].

PMID- 3358198
TI  - [Improving the payment system for public health workers].

PMID- 3358199
TI  - [Organization of operational activities in the polyclinic].

PMID- 3358201
TI  - [Improving the professional training of physicians].

PMID- 3358200
TI  - [Moral and ethical aspects of the professional training of physicians].

PMID- 3358202
TI  - [Forming health-oriented thinking in students].

PMID- 3358203
TI  - [Methodological and organizational aspects of medico-social rehabilitation].

PMID- 3358204
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of prevention--the general line of Soviet public
      health].

PMID- 3358205
TI  - [Evaluation of the quality of data on perinatal mortality. Vital statistics
      registries in Mexico].

PMID- 3358206
TI  - [Newborn infants with low birth weight and their longitudinal follow-up].

PMID- 3358207
TI  - [Perinatal health in Mexico].

PMID- 3358208
TI  - [Biological and social determinants of birth weight].

PMID- 3358210
TI  - [Reference values for evaluating intrauterine growth in births occurring in
      Mexico City].

PMID- 3358209
TI  - [Detection of iron deficiency. Pregnancy as a model].

PMID- 3358211
TI  - [The Mexican program of Registration and Epidemiologic Surveillance of External
      Congenital Malformations].

PMID- 3358212
TI  - The smoking trail--research shows a path of death and destruction.

PMID- 3358213
TI  - Deaths related to smoking in South Africa in 1984 and projected deaths among
      coloureds and blacks in the year 2000.
AB  - Using a World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer
      classification of causes of death, we found that 34.5% of deaths among whites
      were attributable to smoking-related causes in 1984. The comparable figures for
      Asians, coloureds and blacks were 24.5%, 14.5% and 3.9% respectively. Age- and
      sex-specific death rates in 1984 for 35- to 64-year-olds among coloureds were
      greater than those among whites. Taking into account the expected ageing of the
      black population and the increased use of tobacco by blacks, smoking-related
      deaths are expected to increase by between 140 and 1,200% by the year 2000.
      Smoking-related diseases by 2000 will make a severe impact on the delivery of
      health services.

PMID- 3358214
TI  - The prevalence of smoking and its relationship to other coronary risk factors in
      a rural white community.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of tobacco-smoking habits and its relationship to other
      coronary risk factors in a large rural community of 7,188 white subjects aged 15
      64 years, revealed that 48.1% of the men and 17.9% of the women were currently
      smoking; only 28.6% men and 74.1% women had never smoked. Heavy smoking
      prevailed, with a mean daily consumption of 21.4 g and 14.6 g tobacco among male
      and female smokers respectively. Only 16.5% of male and 27.7% of female smokers
      smoked less than 10 g tobacco per day. Smoking was associated with a high total
      cholesterol level, a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low blood
      pressure, a low body mass index, coronary-prone type A behaviour, and a high
      prevalence of coronary heart disease in men. Furthermore, smoking was associated
      with a high alcohol consumption and a low level of education and occupational
      class. These findings emphasise the high prevalence of smoking in whites and its
      harmful association with coronary heart disease, and indicate the need for
      effective anti-smoking programmes.

PMID- 3358215
TI  - Nicotine gum and psychological support in smoking cessation. A pilot study in
      South Africa.
AB  - The effectiveness of freely chosen, personally paid-for, 2 mg nicotine gum
      (Nicorette; MPS Laboratories) as an adjunct to group psychological support in 12
      heavy smokers motivated to stop was compared with 11 matched controls who chose
      not to use gum and received psychological support only. After 6 months, 50% of
      the group using gum had stopped smoking compared with 27% of the controls
      (verified by the measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations). There was a
      tendency to underuse gum despite careful instructions in its use, but
      surprisingly there was a significant negative correlation between the amount of
      gum used and stopping smoking. It is suggested that this may have been a function
      of the nature of the psychological support, which was highly structured to fade
      nicotine and build up a repertoire of alternate behaviours before stopping. In
      view of the tendency to underuse the gum, general practitioners prescribing
      nicotine gum without psychological support should ensure that sufficient gum is
      used for it to function as a pharmacologial aid.

PMID- 3358217
TI  - [The hysteroscopic treatment of Asherman syndrome].
AB  - In the period January 1978 until December 1985 14 patients were hysteroscopically
      diagnosed as having Asherman syndrome. All patients had had a history of a
      curettage after termination of pregnancy and/or hypo-amenorrhoea. Excluded from
      the series were patients with thin intra-uterine senechiae which were easily
      broken down with the hysteroscope itself. No patient was excluded because of
      other infertility factors. Of the 14 patients, 10 were hysteroscopically treated
      by means of lysis with microscissors; of the remainder 3 were not treated because
      the hospital did not have microscissors at that time and 1 patient was already
      postmenopausal. Postoperatively, a Foley catheter was placed in the uterine
      cavity for 3 days. Cyclic steroid hormone therapy was not used except in 1
      patient. Of the 10 treated patients, 5 became pregnant; all were delivered of
      live babies.

PMID- 3358216
TI  - Anti-smoking legislation--an international perspective applied to South Africa.
AB  - Legislation is an essential component of any effective anti-smoking programme,
      and is being used increasingly in many countries. Legislative measures may
      control or ban tobacco advertising, require that cigarette packets carry a health
      warning and contents statement, limit the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes,
      restrict sales, impose taxes on tobacco products, restrict smoking in public
      places and workplaces, make health education mandatory or provide for the
      establishment of a national anti-smoking agency. A major objective is to
      establish non-smoking as the norm. We recommend that the government of South
      Africa introduces a comprehensive anti-smoking programme that will include the
      following steps: (i) putting extra taxes on cigarettes to fund health education,
      (ii) prohibiting the sale of cigarettes to minors, (iii) making health warnings
      and contents labelling on both cigarette packets and advertisements prominent,
      and (iv) encouraging public and private sector involvement in protecting non
      smokers' rights and helping smokers to stop smoking.

PMID- 3358218
TI  - [A modern community psychiatric service in the Orange Free State].
AB  - The number of patients with psychiatric syndromes in the community may be as high
      as 15% at any time. The concept of institutionalisation has gradually changed to
      the concept of community psychiatry. The main aim of community psychiatric
      service is to treat the patient in the community. Such a service should be within
      reach of all the patients in the community. A psychiatric community service has
      been developed in the Orange Free State over the past 2 years. This has resulted
      in a reduction of 48% in the chemotherapy budget. Comparing the results with a
      similar study in Stockholm the reduction of 19% in neuroclinic admissions in
      Oranje Hospital compares favourably with the 22% reduction in Stockholm. The
      increase of 90% in the outpatient numbers for the Orange Free State is below the
      170% increase reported for Stockholm. A further increase can be expected within
      the next few years in the Orange Free State.

PMID- 3358219
TI  - Severe invalidism--the dominant feature of Third-World psychiatry in southern
      Africa.
AB  - In present-day African psychiatry, there is a sharp differentiation between
      serious mental illness, which requires medically orientated treatment and
      chemotherapy, and the more superficial disturbances of personality for which
      psychological, sociological and educational measures are indicated. With the
      severe shortage of Western psychiatrists who are prepared to undertake this work,
      it is providential that black traditional healers address themselves to the
      latter group of mental abnormalities with a measure of success comparable to
      psychotherapy in First-World practice. In the back wards of a mental hospital
      (run on First-World lines) and in outpatient clinics in periurban Durban
      townships, one meets a large number of patients with severe and chronic disease.
      All those conditions (mental retardation, organic brain syndromes, schizophrenia
      and affective disorders) with positive symptomatology (excitement, restlessness
      and aggression) are found to respond to neuroleptic drugs. Possible reasons why
      patients with negative symptoms (emotional withdrawal, poverty of ideas and
      speech), especially in schizophrenia, do not react, are discussed, and
      administrative and socio-economic implications are reviewed.

PMID- 3358220
TI  - Spontaneous multivessel coronary vasospasm documented by coronary arteriography.
      A case report.
AB  - A case of spontaneous multivessel coronary artery spasm documented by coronary
      arteriography is reported. The patient was also resistant to sublingual nitrates
      and nifedipine and required intracoronary nitroglycerine to alleviate the spasm.

PMID- 3358222
TI  - Lactation management.

PMID- 3358221
TI  - Tuberculosis control in the RSA.

PMID- 3358223
TI  - 'Bombing' the patient with epilepsy.

PMID- 3358224
TI  - Nutrition assessments in children.

PMID- 3358225
TI  - Immobilisation of fractured limbs in the patient with spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3358227
TI  - Oligomeric substances in ampicillin preparations. A comparison of Penbritin,
      Famicillin and Petercillin.
AB  - An investigation into the presence of potentially harmful oligomers in
      formulations of ampicillin for parenteral administration available in the RSA was
      undertaken by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Significant
      differences were found to exist between formulations.

PMID- 3358226
TI  - Teaching medical ethics in South Africa.

PMID- 3358228
TI  - [The existence of an immunoreactive digitalis-like substance in normal people and
      hypertensive people].
AB  - A study confirmed the existence of an immune reactive digitalis-like substance in
      normotensive and hypertensive people between the ages of 15 years and 64 years.
      In 13.6% of the population examined, values higher than 0.15 ng/ml of digitalis
      like substances were obtained. The possible presence of this substance in a large
      proportion of patients should be borne in mind when interpreting digitalis
      measurements.

PMID- 3358229
TI  - Nutritional anaemia in 11-year-old schoolchildren in the western Cape.
AB  - A nutritional anaemia survey was carried out on 610 11-year-old coloured, black
      and white schoolchildren in urban and rural communities in the western Cape. The
      mean (+/- 1 SD) haemoglobin concentration was 13.0 +/- 1.2 g/dl. The coloured and
      black subgroups considered together had a significantly lower mean haemoglobin
      concentration than the white subgroup (12.8 +/- 1.2 g/dl v. 13.4 +/- 1.0 g/dl) (F
      = 37.47; P less than 0.0001). The urban population as a whole had a significantly
      lower geometric mean (1 SD range) serum ferritin concentration than the rural
      population (25.6 (13.5-48.6) micrograms/l v. 34.1 (21.3-54.6) micrograms/l) (F =
      42.94; P less than 0.0001). The lowest geometric mean serum ferritin values were
      found in the urban coloured (23.1 (11.5-46.4) micrograms/l) and urban black
      schoolchildren (23.7 (13.2-42.6) micrograms/l), with figures of less than 12
      micrograms/l in 11.7% and 12.5% respectively. Although 28% of the children had
      red cell folate values below the recommended lower limit of normal (175 ng/ml),
      probability plot analysis of the data suggested that folate deficiency was not a
      major problem in the study population. The calculated daily iron and folate
      intakes were below the age-related recommended dietary allowance (RDA) in all the
      subgroups, yet anaemia was relatively uncommon. These findings suggest that the
      RDA values are too high. Overall the prevalence of nutritional anaemia was low
      and only the urban coloured subgroup showed significant second populations with
      low haemoglobin and serum ferritin measurements.

PMID- 3358230
TI  - Nutritional anaemia in pregnant coloured women in Johannesburg.
AB  - A nutritional anaemia survey was carried out in 224 pregnant coloured first-time
      attenders at Coronation Hospital antenatal clinic in Johannesburg during the
      second quarter of 1986. None had received any form of nutritional supplementation
      during pregnancy. Haemoglobin concentrations less than 11 g/dl were present in
      18.9% of women in the third trimester of pregnancy, while 64% had a saturation of
      transferrin value of less than 16% and 68% a serum ferritin level less than 12
      micrograms/l. Calculations suggested that mean iron stores in the first trimester
      were 228 mg, with 37.5% of women having absent stores. Comparable figures in the
      second and third trimesters were 74 mg and -92 mg respectively. The fact that
      many were iron deficient in the first trimester indicates a high frequency of
      iron deficiency in non-pregnant women in this population group. Although 20.8% of
      the women had red cell folate values below the normal range for non-pregnant
      subjects, folate deficiency did not appear to be a significant problem. Vitamin
      B12 deficiency was very uncommon.

PMID- 3358231
TI  - Tachycardia-induced reversible left ventricular dysfunction. A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two cases of the unusual phenomenon of reversible left ventricular dysfunction
      are described. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications are
      highlighted.

PMID- 3358232
TI  - Improvement in brainstem function during treatment of intracranial tuberculosis.
      A report of 2 cases.
AB  - The auditory evoked response serves as a measure of brainstem integrity. Two
      cases are reported in which this investigation was used to monitor recovery from
      intracranial tuberculosis.

PMID- 3358234
TI  - Priority for paediatrics.

PMID- 3358233
TI  - Strategic plan for the containment of AIDS in South Africa. Prepared by the
      Advisory Group on AIDS.

PMID- 3358235
TI  - Visual therapy and learning disability.

PMID- 3358236
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases, antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, and
      subsequent development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Visitors of
      homosexual sauna clubs in Copenhagen: 1982-1983.
AB  - Sera from 260 men from Denmark and elsewhere attending two Copenhagen sauna clubs
      for homosexual men during nine months of 1982-1983 were investigated for markers
      for syphilis, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Five per
      cent (12 men) had active syphilis, and another 35% (92) had a history of and/or
      serologic markers for syphilis. Ninety-four men (36%) were positive for
      antibodies to hepatitis A virus, ten (4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface
      antigen (HBsAg), and 153 (59%) were positive for antibodies to HBsAg. Antibodies
      to HIV were found in 45 (20%) of the 220 men investigated for this marker.
      Markers for hepatitis A and B and for syphilis were more frequent in the HIV
      antibody-positive individuals, but the association was significant only for
      markers for hepatitis B (relative risk = 2.0). Thus STD markers had little
      predictive value for seropositivity for antibodies to HIV. Among 37 men
      investigated more than once, a seroconversion rate of 3% per month for antibodies
      to HIV was found, but this estimate must be taken with reservation. The rate of
      seropositivity for antibodies to HIV among men from Denmark was 23%, and three
      (8%) of the 40 HIV-positive Danish men developed the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) during the four years following the initial investigation. This
      study shows that by 1982-1983 HIV had spread considerably in the Danish high-risk
      group, although there were only seven reported cases of AIDS in the country at
      that time.

PMID- 3358237
TI  - Efficiency and cost-effectiveness of field follow-up for patients with Chlamydia
      trachomatis infection in a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.
AB  - Unlike contact-tracing procedures for syphilis and gonorrhea, field follow-up to
      locate and treat patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infections has not been
      extensively applied in the United States. We implemented two studies to assess
      the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of using field follow-up for contact of two
      groups: patients with chlamydial infection detected as part of a screening
      program and women who were sexual partners of men with nongonococcal urethritis
      (NGU). Of the 142 patients with chlamydial infection who had not been treated
      empirically, 112 (79%) returned for treatment when a reminder system was used, as
      compared with a return rate of 97% (259/266) achieved by field follow-up (P less
      than 0.0001). Among the 678 men with NGU enrolled in a randomized trial of field
      follow-up vs. two self-referral methods, field follow-up yielded over three times
      as many partners returning to the clinic for treatment as did either of the other
      two methods (P less than 0.001). Analyses using the estimated costs of the
      intervention strategies and the medical costs associated with an untreated
      chlamydial infection showed that field follow-up by trained investigators proved
      to be not only the most efficient method for locating patients with chlamydial
      infection and/or patients who were at risk for it, but also the most cost
      effective in terms of total health-care dollars spent.

PMID- 3358238
TI  - The treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale).
AB  - Over a two-year period, 37 patients with genital ulcer disease attending a clinic
      for sexually transmitted diseases in Harare were found to have donovanosis. Of
      the 37 patients, 25 were male, and 12 were female; all presented with painless,
      indurated, granulating ulcers without lymph-node involvement. The lesions were
      more extensive in pregnant women. All patients responded well to either a
      combination of intramuscular streptomycin plus oral tetracycline given over 14
      days, or a 14-day course of oral co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
      No metastatic lesions were found.

PMID- 3358239
TI  - A 13-year longitudinal analysis of risk factors and clinic visitation patterns of
      patients with repeated gonorrhea.
AB  - A retrospective study of 2498 patients who made multiple visits to a sexually
      transmitted disease clinic over a 13-year period analyzed risk factors, default
      patterns, and repeated infections associated with gonococcal urethritis. An
      analysis of visitation patterns found that being young, black, and male and
      having a history of gonococcal urethritis before visiting the clinic was
      positively related to the total time a patient remained involved with the clinic.
      Default rates for all patients increased with successive clinic visits. A focused
      analysis was carried out on the records of 146 patients who returned to the
      clinic within 12 months with a second diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis. It was
      found that this group of "repeaters," who comprised 15% of the total population
      with gonococcal urethritis, accounted for approximately 29% of all diagnoses of
      this infection over the 13-year study period. Repeaters were found to be more
      frequently male, black, single, and to be less likely to return for a test-of
      cure culture. Longitudinal analysis found that the median time repeaters remained
      involved with the clinic was approximately 130 days. The relatively brief clinic
      "half-life" and rapid rates of removal of repeaters are discussed in terms of the
      development of strain-specific immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a closed
      population of patients.

PMID- 3358240
TI  - Association of coexisting vaginal infections and multiple abusers in female
      children with genital warts.
AB  - All 11 girls less than 12 years of age presenting to the pediatric clinic between
      1980 and 1986 with genital warts were evaluated by the Child Protection Team for
      possible sexual abuse. Nine of the 11 girls had condylomata acuminata, and two
      had verruca vulgaris. Ten of the 11 had historical and/or physical evidence other
      than the warts that confirmed sexual abuse. Six girls had coexisting vaginal
      infections such as bacterial vaginosis and infections due to various pathogens
      including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,
      and Mycoplasma hominis. These six girls were known (three) or suspected (three)
      of being abused by multiple perpetrators. None of the five girls with a known or
      suspected single abuser had coexisting vaginal infections (P = less than 0.02,
      Fisher's exact test). We conclude that almost all genital warts in girls are
      sexually transmitted and that girls presenting with anogenital warts should be
      evaluated for other genito-vaginal infections and sexual abuse. Multiple vaginal
      infections in childhood, with organisms that are sexually transmitted or
      associated with sexual activity, may be a marker for abuse by multiple
      perpetrators.

PMID- 3358241
TI  - Ceftriaxone is effective for treating patients with primary syphilis.

PMID- 3358242
TI  - [Myelodysplastic syndromes].

PMID- 3358243
TI  - [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3358244
TI  - [Experiences with low-dos Ara-C in the therapy of hematological neoplasms].

PMID- 3358245
TI  - [Complement enables the physiological elimination of immune complexes].

PMID- 3358246
TI  - [The clinical significance of CRP (C-reactive protein) monitoring].

PMID- 3358247
TI  - [Clinical trials and informed consent. Acceptability in hospitalized French
      patients].

PMID- 3358248
TI  - [Effects of oral tulobuterol on bronchial obstruction in asthmatic patients].

PMID- 3358249
TI  - [Plasma levels of bupivacaine following locoregional anesthesia of various types
      and cardiac toxicity].

PMID- 3358250
TI  - [Double-blind controlled study of the effects of diethylamine chromocarb on
      venous compliance and capillary resistance in man. Pharmacological effect/plasma
      concentrations ratio].

PMID- 3358251
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of fluoride after a single administration of Osteofluor].

PMID- 3358252
TI  - [Comparison of 2 approaches of involvement in a retrospective study of drug
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3358253
TI  - [Shock states during injection of vitamin K].

PMID- 3358254
TI  - [Is josamycin hepatotoxic? Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3358255
TI  - [Flunarizine and a depressive syndrome].

PMID- 3358256
TI  - [Infants with a very low birth weight: their development and interaction with
      their mothers].
AB  - Twenty-eight very low birthweight children (less than or equal to 1500 grams; the
      VLBW-group) and 24 term born children were studied from birth to 2 years of age.
      Over this period the interaction of these children with their mothers was
      observed in 6 naturalistic situations, and other aspects of their development
      were measured. The VLBW-group consisted of a relatively homogeneous group of
      healthy preterms, who had no sign of handicap at birth. It emerged that these
      VLBW-children were more liable to develop various types of problem, although such
      problems were on the whole not very serious in nature. Interesting differences
      were observed in mother-infant interaction, particularly in relation to the
      expression of negative emotions between mother and child. These differences were
      mainly interpreted in terms of their function in the mutual adaptation of mother
      and child.

PMID- 3358258
TI  - Unilateral nephrectomy in the rat: effects on mercury handling and renal cortical
      subcellular distribution.
AB  - As unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) is associated with enhanced mercuric chloride
      nephrotoxicity, studies were undertaken to characterize the effects of UNX on the
      tissue content, urinary excretion, and renal cortical subcellular distribution of
      mercury in the rat. Animals were studied immediately, 2 days or 14 days following
      UNX, during separate phases of compensatory renal hypertrophy. As compared to
      sham surgery controls, mercury content in renal cortex was higher in all UNX
      groups at 24 hr following injection and in the immediate and 2-day groups at 1 or
      3 hr. However, UNX was not associated with any alteration in mercury content
      within outer or inner medulla, liver, plasma, or red blood cells. Subcellular
      distribution studies demonstrated that cytosolic mercury was uniformly elevated
      in all UNX groups at 1, 3, and 24 hr following injection while mercury bound to
      "metallothionein-like" proteins or free in the cytosol was increased only at 1 or
      3 hr. Nuclear, mitochondrial, or microsomal mercury content was elevated in the
      animals studied immediately or 14 days after UNX at 3 or 24 hr following
      injection, while animals studied 2 days after UNX demonstrated a nearly uniform
      increase at 1, 3, and 24 hr. Single-kidney urinary mercury excretion was elevated
      in all UNX groups while excretion per gram kidney weight was increased only in
      the animals studied immediately or 2 days after surgery. These studies suggest
      that all phases of compensatory renal hypertrophy are associated with an enhanced
      content of mercury within the cell cytoplasm and in critical cellular organelles,
      which may explain the enhanced nephrotoxicity seen following UNX.

PMID- 3358257
TI  - [Paroxysmal cardiorespiratory attacks in infants].
AB  - In a group of 46 fullterm infants, with a history of paroxysmal cardiorespiratory
      attacks, the anamnestic characteristics of the attacks were found to be
      heterogeneous. A 48 hours polygraphic recording was carried out in order to
      detect signs of immature cardiorespiratory control. Thirty seven percent of these
      infants were classified as having an immature cardiorespiratory control defined
      as abnormally long apneic episodes of 15 seconds or more, bradycardia or a high
      percentage (more than 10% of the time) of periodic breathing. In a group of
      normal control infants, those signs of immature cardiorespiratory control were
      significantly less frequently observed (8%). From this it is concluded that those
      symptoms might be considered as indicators of an increased risk for sudden infant
      death.

PMID- 3358259
TI  - The relationship of embryotoxicity to disposition of 2-methoxyethanol in mice.
AB  - Paw development of CD-1 mice is uniquely sensitive to 2-methoxyethanol (ME) given
      by gavage (po) on gestation day (gd) 11 (copulation plug day = gd 0). The
      relation between induction of paw dysmorphogenesis and disposition of po ME (3.3
      or 4.6 mmol/kg) in the maternal and conceptus compartments was investigated. The
      expression of digit malformations depends on metabolism of ME to methoxyacetic
      acid (MAA). ME and MAA were equipotent in causing teratogenicity. Alcohol
      dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the initial rate-limiting oxidation that leads to
      embryotoxicity. The ADH inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (0.12 or 1.2 mmol/kg) or
      ethanol (43.3 mmol/kg, single dose concomitant with ME or additional ethanol 5
      and 10 hr later) reduced the incidence of malformations 60-100%, depending on the
      dosing regimen. Elimination of 14C from 1,2-14C-ME occurred predominantly via
      urine where 80% of a teratogenic dose was excreted and 6% appeared in CO2.
      Oxidation of ME to MAA was nearly complete after 1 hr when approximately 90% of
      14C in maternal plasma and conceptus coeluted with authentic 14C-MAA upon HPLC.
      14C-MAA levels in embryos were 1.2 X those in plasma 1 and 6 hr after dosing,
      although by 6 hr concentrations had declined to approximately 50% of 1-hr values.
      Concomitant ethanol did not affect 14C kinetics as measured in maternal blood
      after oral 14C-ME, but retarded ME conversion to MAA by about 2 hr. Furthermore,
      embryo 14C-MAA levels then reached only 50% of the peak in embryos from dams
      dosed with ME alone, an effect that coincided with less 14C incorporation into
      macromolecules synthesized by the embryo within 6 hr. These data imply that the
      attenuation of digit malformations by concomitant ethanol may be explained by
      changes in MAA disposition. However, delayed ethanol (5 and 10 hr after 3.3 mmol
      ME/kg) reduced teratogenicity by 25%, although MAA was present in the embryo up
      to 5 hr. Dams given 14C-MAA by iv injection had higher 14C blood levels than
      after MAA po but their offspring had fewer digit malformations. Peak and steady
      state plasma levels of MAA as well as embryo concentrations of the chemical do
      not appear to determine the embryotoxic outcome whereas further metabolism of MAA
      does.

PMID- 3358261
TI  - Toxicity and disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF) in the
      rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The toxicity and disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF), a
      ubiquitous and acutely toxic environmental contaminant, was examined in three
      adult male Rhesus monkeys administered a single iv dose of 34 micrograms (0.1
      mumol)/kg. Within 20 min, 4PeCDF was eliminated from the blood and was
      distributed to the liver, skin, adipose, and muscle tissues. Excretion occurred
      primarily via the feces with a minimum whole body half-life approximately 38
      days. Within 7-14 days after administration, the packed cell volume and serum
      triglyceride and bile acid concentrations were significantly increased while
      serum cholesterol, protein, and albumin concentrations were decreased relative to
      pretreatment levels. Thyroid hormone levels were also altered with an increase in
      TSH and a decrease in T3 and T4 concentrations. After 28 days, two monkeys began
      exhibiting alopecia, hyperkeratinization of the toe and finger nails, facial
      chloracne-like lesions, and loss of body weight. They subsequently died 40 and 48
      days after treatment. Similar symptoms of toxicity were observed in the third
      animal 58 days after 4PeCDF administration, but this animal appeared to fully
      recover and was administered 4PeCDF orally and [3H]1,2,3,7,8-pentachloro
      dibenzofuran (1PeCDF) dermally 238 days after the initial iv dose. In this
      animal, approximately 2% of an oral dose of [14C]-4PeCDF was absorbed from the
      stomach and small intestine in 6 hr and was distributed mainly to the muscle and
      skin and less than 99% of a dermal dose of 1PeCDF remained at the site of
      application. Pathological findings in the monkeys that died indicated
      hyperplastic and metaplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, the Meibomian glands
      of the eyelid, and the ceruminous glands of the ear. Regression of these lesions
      was present in the surviving animal. Therefore, 4PeCDF produces dioxin-like
      toxicity in the monkey similar to that reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin (TCDD) and in the same dose range.

PMID- 3358260
TI  - Protective effect of beta-naphthoflavone against NO2 toxicity in mice with
      genetically inducible lung cytochrome P450.
AB  - The effects of the cytochrome P450 inducer beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) on NO2
      toxicity were studied in two strains of mice. In one strain (C57B1/6J),
      cytochrome P450 could be induced by the aromatic hydrocarbon, while in the other
      strain (DBA/2J) cytochrome P450 was not inducible by this compound. Mice were
      treated with BNF before and during 4 days of exposure to 20 ppm NO2. The body
      growth of NO2-exposed mice improved only in BNF-treated C57B1/6J mice. In this
      strain, BNF reduced both pulmonary edema (as measured by wet and dry lung weights
      or as assessed by histological studies) and lung peroxidation (as measured by
      malondialdehyde). This protective effect of BNF on NO2 toxicity in C57B1/6J mice
      was associated with an increase in the components of the cytochrome P450 system
      (cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5), whereas the activities of pulmonary
      antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and
      glutathione reductase) were not significantly increased. These data suggest that
      the induction of the cytochrome P450 system may be important in promoting NO2
      tolerance in those strains of mice in which the cytochrome P450 system is
      genetically inducible.

PMID- 3358262
TI  - Effects of organophosphates and nerve growth factor on muscarinic receptor
      binding number in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
AB  - Muscarinic receptor binding in PC12 cells is influenced by both nerve growth
      factor (NGF) and organophosphates. Treatment of PC12 cells with a single dose of
      NGF (50 ng, 7S NGF/ml) increased [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]-NMS) binding sites
      approximately two-fold at 48 hr but did not change the Kd for this ligand.
      Exposure of PC12 cells to soman, 50 microM, decreased [3H]-NMS binding in both
      undifferentiated and NGF-treated cells; however, decreases in muscarinic binding
      induced by the organophosphate were only minimal after the first hour after
      treatment and were maximal at about 24 hr. Other organophosphates including
      sarin, tabun, and VX as well as the carbamate, pyridostigmine, also reduced [3H]
      NMS binding in PC12 cells measured 24-48 hr after treatment. The order of potency
      of organophosphates in lowering [3H]-NMS binding was soman greater than sarin
      greater than VX greater than tabun greater than DFP. High amounts of VX (200
      microM) but not the other organophosphates inhibited [3H]-NMS binding when added
      to cells during the course of binding assays. Decreases in muscarinic receptor
      binding induced by the organophosphates differed markedly from that produced by
      carbamylcholine, which decreased [3H]-NMS binding maximally 30 min after addition
      to the cells. Decreases in [3H]-NMS binding produced by carbamylcholine were
      antagonized by atropine, but reductions in muscarinic binding produced by the
      organophosphates were not reversed by atropine. Thus, decreases in muscarinic
      receptor binding induced in PC12 cells by organophosphates occur via a novel
      mechanism that does not involve agonist-induced receptor desensitization.

PMID- 3358263
TI  - Characterization of the activation of rat liver glutathione S-transferases by
      nonsubstrate ligands.
AB  - In previous work (D.A. Vessey and T.D. Boyer, 1986, Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 289
      295) the activity of glutathione S-transferase form YcYc from rat liver was found
      to be stimulated by the herbicide 2,4,5-T. We have extended that work and
      examined the effect of over 40 structural analogs on the activity of YcYc. Over
      half of these compounds stimulated by 10 to 232% when added to assays at a
      concentration of 1 mM. The best activators all contained the "2,4,5
      trichlorophenyl-" structure. While 2,4,5-T gave the greatest activation at 1 mM
      (2.3-fold), 2,4,5-trichlorobenzene sulfonate gave the greatest maximum activation
      (6.0-fold). Compounds that had no effect on activity did not affect activation by
      2,4,5-T suggesting that they have a poor affinity for the enzyme. Two of the
      analogs tested (chloramine-T and 6-hydroxydopamine) proved to be good inhibitors
      and ethacrynic acid was an extremely potent inhibitor. Indomethacin activated at
      low concentrations but inhibited above 2 mM. Activations were greater at low
      temperature (5 degrees C) and decreased with increasing temperature. The extent
      of activation was largely unaffected by the concentration of either substrate.
      Examination of the organic peroxidase activity of the enzyme revealed inhibition
      by 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D rather than activation.

PMID- 3358264
TI  - Excretion of N-mononitrosopiperazine after low level exposure to piperazine in
      air: effects of dietary nitrate and ascorbate.
AB  - The secondary amine piperazine may be nitrosated in vivo, following oral intake
      or occupational exposure by inhalation. The suspected carcinogen N
      mononitrosopiperazine could be formed in the human stomach, and in part excreted
      in the urine. In this study, 0.4 microgram N-mononitrosopiperazine, determined by
      gas chromatography-Thermal Energy Analysis, was observed in the urine in one of
      four volunteers, at an experimental exposure by inhalation of 0.3 mg
      piperazine/m3. The intake of spinach and beetroot caused an increased nitrosation
      of piperazine, and up to 1.7 microgram N-mononitrosopiperazine was excreted in
      the urine in the four individuals. This excretion indicates that about 5% of the
      absorbed piperazine dose was converted to N-mononitrosopiperazine. With the same
      nitrate-rich diet, but with the addition of citrus fruits and fresh vegetables,
      the highest excretion was 0.6 microgram N-mononitrosopiperazine. The excretion
      was significantly correlated with the ratio between the maximum level of nitrite
      in saliva and the ascorbate level in plasma. There was also a significant
      interindividual variation. N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine was not found in any sample
      of urine.

PMID- 3358265
TI  - The modulation of oxygen toxicity by intermittent exposure.
AB  - Intermittent delivery of hyperbaric O2 protects animals from pulmonary and
      central nervous system toxicity: more total O2 time can be tolerated if
      interrupted by short periods of low O2. Little is known about the mechanisms or
      optimization of systematically varied intermittency. Survival time was recorded
      in groups of 16 awake guinea pigs (239 +/- 23(SD) g) exposed to continuous O2 at
      2.8 ATA or to one of six different schedules of O2 delivered with periodic air
      (PO2 = 0.588 ATA) interruptions. The survival curves had a lag time (11-14 hr of
      O2 time depending on the intermittency schedule) with a rapid loss of animals
      thereafter. Data were analyzed with risk models linking the probability of death
      to the accumulation of a putative toxic substance, X1. A model in which X1
      accumulated in proportion to the PO2 and disappeared by first-order decay during
      periods of low O2 exposure was modified to include an effective rate constant for
      changes in X1: dX1/dt = a.PO2 + K1.(PO2 - Os).X1. First-order kinetics operated
      when PO2 was below the oxygen set point (Os), but the rate constant reversed sign
      to become a self-amplifying system when PO2 was above Os. This model achieved an
      excellent fit as judged by goodness-of-fit statistics while a simpler one did
      not. Our analysis suggests that the accumulation of toxicity does not correspond
      to a stable linear toxic process, but requires one in which a toxic process grows
      autocatalytically.

PMID- 3358266
TI  - Alveolar macrophage-stimulated neutrophil and monocyte migration: effects of in
      vitro ozone exposure.
AB  - The ability of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) to release factors which
      stimulate the migration of peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes was
      examined, and the influence of in vitro ozone exposure on this secretory activity
      was investigated. To evaluate the ability of AM to release leukocyte chemotactic
      activity, AM obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were established in monolayer or
      suspension culture, with and without added zymosan, for 2 and 6 hr. The resulting
      macrophage-conditioned medium was tested for chemotactic activity using modified
      Boyden-type chambers and rabbit peripheral blood neutrophils or monocytes as the
      responding cells. The results demonstrate that substrate attachment (monolayer
      culture) and/or zymosan phagocytosis can stimulate AM to release chemoattractants
      for monocytes and neutrophils. Additionally, the results suggest that AM are
      constitutively producing low levels of monocyte chemotactic factors. The effects
      of in vitro ozone exposure on the secretion of chemotactic activity was
      investigated by exposing monolayer cultures of AM to air, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.2 ppm
      ozone for 2 hr. Macrophage-conditioned medium was harvested immediately, 2 and 6
      hr postexposure, and tested for chemotactic activity. Exposure to 0.3 and 1.2 ppm
      ozone significantly increased the AM secretion of factors which stimulated
      neutrophil migration; additionally, the results strongly suggest that ozone can
      augment the ability of AM to stimulate monocyte migration. These results imply a
      role for the AM in the recruitment of inflammatory cells after ozone inhalation.

PMID- 3358267
TI  - The effect of long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the hepatotoxicity of
      bromobenzene and carbon tetrachloride and hepatic biotransformation in rats.
AB  - To exclude the possibility that changes in hepatotoxicity and biotransformation
      were induced by diabetogen administration, the influence of long-lasting
      experimental insulin-dependent diabetes on the activities of benzphetamine
      demethylase, styrene oxide hydrolase, and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases toward 1
      naphthol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone and testosterone, and glutathione S
      transferases toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, ethacrynic acid, and
      sulfobromophthalein was studied. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 45
      mg streptozotocin/kg rapidly developed the classical symptoms of diabetes which
      persisted throughout the 90-day test period. Ketonemia was detectable at 6 but
      not at either 35 or 90 days after streptozotocin administration. After acute
      challenge with bromobenzene or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), aspartate and alanine
      aminotransferase activities in rats diabetic for 35 and 90 days were markedly
      higher than those in normal rats, suggesting that diabetes potentiated the
      hepatotoxicity of these chemicals. Administration of 25 microliters CCl4/kg, ip,
      to diabetic rats decreased enzyme activities toward benzphetamine,
      sulfobromophthalein, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and 1-naphthol. In normal rats,
      a dose of 400 microliters CCl4/kg, ip, was required to cause similar changes in
      enzyme activities. Bromobenzene (500 microliters/kg, ip) elicited opposing
      responses in diabetic and normal rats in N-demethylase activity, in UDP
      glucuronosyltransferase activity toward 1-naphthol, estrone, and testosterone,
      and in glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
      Total cytochrome P450 concentrations were reduced by both induction of diabetes
      and hepatotoxicant challenge. Thus, chronic uncontrolled diabetes alters the
      response of hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in a non-uniform,
      substrate-dependent manner, independent of initial diabetogen effects. The role
      of cytochrome P450j in potentiating CCl4 toxicity is discussed.

PMID- 3358269
TI  - Effect of selenium on cadmium-induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow
      cells of mice.
AB  - Selenium, which is regarded as nature's antidote to heavy metal toxicities, was
      administered to mice. Salt solutions of cadmium chloride and sodium selenite were
      gavaged singly and successively, with or without a time gap of 1 h. Degrees of
      protection offered by this element against cadmium-induced toxic effects with
      special reference to chromosomal aberrations were assessed.

PMID- 3358268
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of hydralazine on cellular growth, differentiation,
      and chromatin structure.
AB  - The effects of hydralazine (1-hydrazinophthalazine), an antihypertensive drug, on
      mammalian cell growth, viability, and differentiation were assessed using Friend
      leukemia cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, human lymphocytes, and rat
      lymphocytes, testicular germ cells, and epididymal sperm. Cultured cells in
      exponential phase growth were more susceptible to hydralazine cytotoxicity than
      stationary phase (G0) cells. Growth inhibition was associated with a dose-related
      slowdown of cell progression through S phase and was observed prior to a decrease
      of cell viability. At high drug concentrations, progression in all phases of the
      cell cycle was partially or totally inhibited. Hydralazine did not have an effect
      on the proliferation and differentiation of testicular germ cells in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving 0-90 mg/kg/day (up to 20 times the dose
      used in humans) of hydralazine for a 12-week period. Hydralazine-exposed, histone
      containing somatic cells and protamine-containing sperm cells failed to show any
      alterations in stainability with a DNA-intercalating dye nor in the
      susceptibility of nuclear DNA to undergo acid-induced denaturation in situ. The
      data suggest that hydralazine causes a dose-related suppression of mammalian cell
      growth with S phase appearing to be the most susceptible to hydralazine
      cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the interaction of hydralazine with chromatin at
      concentrations leading to antigenicity did not inhibit DNA staining with the
      intercalating dye acridine orange, suggesting that the drug does not
      competitively intercalate at a detectable level. Association of hydralazine with
      chromatin did not cause a detectable level of stabilization or destabilization of
      the DNA to denaturation in situ.

PMID- 3358270
TI  - Modulatory effect of calcium on the influx and binding of cadmium in primary
      cultures of neonatal rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium
      (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca
      significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells
      regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the
      influx of Cd into hepatocytes increased from about 5 to 14% of the total
      extracellular Cd present. The presence of Ca during 30 microM Cd exposures
      resulted in an 18% reduction (P less than 0.01 or 0.001) in Cd influx during a 3
      h exposure. About 11% more Cd was bound to those cells exposed in the absence of
      Ca following 2-h, but not 0.5-h, exposures. Therefore, binding of Cd to
      hepatocytes was not related directly to Cd uptake since Cd uptake (but not
      binding) was elevated at the 0.5-h time interval. Although the presence of Cd did
      not affect the influx of Ca, the presence of Cd increased the binding of Ca by
      557% (P less than 0.001). Interaction between these cations at the same binding
      and/or entry sites on (or adjacent to) phospholipid head groups could account for
      the modulatory effect of Ca on Cd-challenged hepatocytes.

PMID- 3358271
TI  - Comparative urinary excretion of ethoxyacetic acid in man and rat after single
      low doses of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
AB  - Male rats were given a single oral dose of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether
      (EGEE), the dose ranging from plausible human exposures (0.5-1 mg/kg) to doses
      reported in the literature (100 mg/kg). Urinary excretion of ethoxyacetic acid
      (EAA) and its glycine conjugate was followed up to 60 h after dosing and compared
      to data of experimentally exposed human volunteers. In rats, the mean elimination
      half-life of free as well as conjugated EAA was 7.2 h for all doses. EAA was
      excreted partly as a glycine conjugate (on average 27%), the extent of
      conjugation being independent of the dose. The conjugation with glycine showed a
      clearly diurnal variation, the lowest extent being found during the night. The
      relative amount of EGEE recovered in urine as EAA was only 13.4% for the lowest
      dose, but increased as the administered dose of EGEE was higher, indicating that
      EGEE was metabolised at least in two parallel pathways of which one pathway
      becomes saturated at relatively low doses. In man, urinary excretion of EAA for
      equivalent low doses of EGEE differed from that in the rat by a longer
      elimination half-life (mean 42 h), by the absence of EAA conjugates and by a
      higher recovery.

PMID- 3358272
TI  - [Old age, care or development, and education].

PMID- 3358273
TI  - [Food hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea and vomiting in independent
      elderly].
AB  - Food hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea and vomiting were investigated in a
      population of self-supporting elderly aged 65 to 80 years. Two hundred and
      fourteen of them were interviewed at home. During this interview the temperature
      of the refrigerator and the cellar was measured. The prevalence of diarrhea in
      the 3 months preceding the interview was 20%, the prevalence of vomiting was 13%.
      By means of the interview at the respondents' homes and the temperature
      measurement, food hygiene was evaluated. Seventy percent of the respondents
      appeared to act in a hazardous way on one or more of the selected items. After
      excluding those who might have been vomiting or suffering from diarrhea due to
      certain chronic conditions, a statistically significant association between food
      hygiene evaluation and diarrhea in the preceding 3 months was found. The 3-month
      prevalence of the 90 persons with hazardous practices was 22%; in the group of 35
      persons without such practices the prevalence was 6%. It is hard to compare these
      results with those of other studies because of different definitions and
      different methods. The impression that this age-category is a high risk group for
      food hygiene cannot be confirmed nor ruled out.

PMID- 3358274
TI  - Meeting needs of Canadian surgical patients.

PMID- 3358275
TI  - A philosophy of care: pressure sores in hospice patients.

PMID- 3358276
TI  - Cultivating managerial strategies.

PMID- 3358277
TI  - Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - In the present study, we investigated the combined, nephrotoxic effects of
      cyclosporine (CsA) and hypertension in young, spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR). After 4 weeks of CsA therapy, SHR, compared with oil-treated SHR, showed
      an acceleration in the development of hypertension, mild renal insufficiency, and
      the accumulation of periodic-acid-Schiff-positive (PAS [+]) material in
      periglomerular arterioles. By electron microscopy, PAS(+) material was composed
      of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies consistent with the accumulation of renin
      granules. This finding was demonstrated in SHR after 4 weeks of CsA therapy but
      not after 8 weeks of therapy. By contrast, CsA had no significant effect on blood
      pressure in Wistar-Kyoto rats, a normo-tensive control. To investigate the effect
      of unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) on the development of renal histopathologic
      changes in this model, SHR were subjected to uninephrectomy and CsA or oil
      therapy. UNx accelerated the development of hypertension in all SHR groups. SHR
      subjected to UNx demonstrated no renal histopathologic changes after CsA or oil
      treatment. In conclusion, CsA accelerates the development of hypertension in SHR,
      and this effect is probably renin-mediated. The combination of UNx and CsA
      therapy in the SHR does not result in significant renal histologic damage.

PMID- 3358279
TI  - Modulation of host defenses by cyclosporine. Influence of the route of
      administration on the course of infection.

PMID- 3358278
TI  - Reversibility of cyclosporine-induced hypoandrogenism in rats.
AB  - In an attempt to determine whether the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      testicular axis induced by oral cyclosporine (CsA) is reversible, intact adult
      male rats were treated with 30 mg/kg oral CsA daily for 4 weeks, and then vehicle
      (orange juice) for the next 4 weeks. A second group of animals (control) was fed
      orange juice throughout the entire 8 weeks of the experiment. Serum testosterone
      (T) was decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) after 4 weeks of CsA treatment
      when compared with controls. After cessation of oral CsA for the next 4 weeks,
      there was no difference in serum T between the control and CsA-treated groups.
      Serum LH, intratesticular T, ventral prostate (VP) and seminal vesicle (SV)
      weights paralleled the serum T levels at 4 and 8 weeks--i.e., all values were
      decreased in the 4-week CsA-treated group when compared with controls, and these
      returned to normal at 8 weeks. Intratesticular 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20
      desmolase activities were significantly lower after 4 weeks of CsA treatment;
      following cessation of the CsA, these enzymatic values returned to normal within
      4 weeks. These data demonstrate that at the duration of treatment and the dose
      studied, the CsA-induced inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
      of the intact adult rat is completely reversible.

PMID- 3358280
TI  - [Interrelation of the dynamics of antigen intake into bone marrow and the
      proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells].
AB  - As it is previously shown (Tsyrlova et al., 1986), the level of humoral immune
      response is not only determined by the reaction of peripheral lymphoid system on
      antigenic effect, but also is bound up with the observed stem blood cell (SBC)
      proliferation in bone marrow (Frindel et al., 1976, Kozlov et al., 1982).
      Dynamics of label accumulation in bone marrow was examined when injecting antigen
      -sheep red blood cells labeled by radioisotope 51Cr, 125I. The peak of label
      accumulation in bone marrow, accompanied by the increase in proliferative SBC,
      was observed on the 3rd day after antigen injection. Furthermore in the course of
      immunization 51Cr labeled macrophage assortment was changed in time in such a way
      that a greater number of macrophages was accumulated in bone marrow on the 3rd
      and 4th days in the immunized animals in comparison with the intact ones. The
      macrophages in bone marrow are likely to take part in antigen uptake and to
      mediate its effect on SBC proliferation.

PMID- 3358281
TI  - [Morphocytochemical and electron microscopic research on murine hybridoma cells
      producing and not producing monoclonal antibodies].
AB  - Cytochemical and ultrastructural features of mouse hybridomas and also of the
      parental cells--myeloma P3-X63-Ag8.653 and spleen cells of the Balb/c mice
      immunized with cell line RPMI-1788 have been studied. Differences in
      cytomorphological signs and activity of acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific
      esterase, nonspecific-alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase were shown in hybrid cell
      lines secreting and not secreting monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3358282
TI  - [Effect of attachment to a solid substrate on the structural organization of
      skeletal muscle symplasts].
AB  - A study was made of the ultrastructural reorganization of myosymplasts passed
      from the primary suspension culture to the secondary monolayer culture. The
      microtubules in myoblasts and myosymplasts from suspension are very rare, the
      intermediate filaments form a perinuclear network, small bundles of myofilaments
      are arranged in disorder, often as whorls around nuclei. After attachment to the
      solid substrate the myosymplasts form pseudopodia to move as non-muscle
      fibroblast-like cells. On the leading end of moving symplasts some stress fiber
      like structures are found. Numerous microtubules appear. The microtubules and
      intermediate filaments are arranged in parallel along the axis of a lengthening
      symplast. A stepwise reorganization of the non-muscle type cytoskeleton to
      sarcomeres of differentiated myotubes is observed later. The role of attachment
      and mechanical stress in myotube morphogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 3358284
TI  - Building a practice. Involvement in the local community.

PMID- 3358285
TI  - Assessment of two tests for the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism.
AB  - The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and the urinary corticoid/creatinine
      ratio were assessed in 166 and 150 dogs, respectively, for their value in the
      diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The diagnostic accuracy of the low-dose
      dexamethasone suppression test was 0.83, with a 95 per cent confidence interval
      from 0.76 to 0.88. The urinary corticoid/creatinine ratio had a diagnostic
      accuracy of 0.91 with a 95 per cent confidence interval from 0.85 to 0.95. The
      high predictive value of a negative corticoid/creatinine ratio (0.98; confidence
      interval 0.80 to 1.00) and the low cost of this test makes it preferable for
      screening purposes to the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test for which the
      predictive value of a negative test was calculated as 0.5g (confidence interval
      0.43 to 0.73).

PMID- 3358283
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the morphochemical changes in the visual and
      sensorimotor cortical neurons of rats exposed to taftsin].
AB  - White rats were treated with a single administration of immunostimulator tuftsin
      (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, in the dose 300 mcg/kg b. w.). By interferometry protein
      content and concentration and the area of neuron cytoplasm and nucleus were
      assessed 15 minutes after injection, significant alterations in protein content
      and cellular area were detected in one type neurons of visual and sensomotor
      cortex. A possible interrelation is discussed between tuftsin action and the
      functional activity of neurons, and between the level of their protein metabolism
      and establishment of emotional and motor response.

PMID- 3358286
TI  - Meningoencephalitis in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) caused by Streptococcus
      zooepidemicus.

PMID- 3358288
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3358287
TI  - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a lovebird.

PMID- 3358289
TI  - Atrophic rhinitis in pigs: proposal for a revised definition.

PMID- 3358290
TI  - Outbreak of erysipelas in farmed geese.

PMID- 3358291
TI  - Quality control in diagnostic imaging equipment.

PMID- 3358292
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms in the USSR in 1981].

PMID- 3358293
TI  - [Determining groups at risk of cancer in skin diseases].
AB  - The frequency of subsequent tumor development in patients suffering from acquired
      ichthyosis and Darier's erythema as well as cases of concurrent dermatosis and
      malignant diseases was studied. The clinical course of said skin diseases was
      followed versus the effectiveness of tumor treatment. Acquired ichthyosis was
      found to be associated predominantly with neoplasms while the incidence of
      Darier's erythema was not. As a result, cases of acquired ichthyosis should be
      considered at high risk for cancer for life while patients with Darier's erythema
      aged more than 40 years should not be necessarily tested for tumors unless they
      have suffered dermatosis for at least three years.

PMID- 3358295
TI  - [Acupuncture in edema of the extremities following radiation or combination
      therapy of cancer of the breast and uterus].
AB  - Acupuncture was carried out in 141 sufferers from late-onset radiation injuries
      to skin and soft tissues. 122 patients (86%) revealed clinical manifestations of
      edema of varying gravity in arms and legs, while 19 (14%) suffered radiation
      induced neuritis or plexitis unaccompanied by edema. Radionuclide and rheographic
      studies as well as evaluation of hemostatic function showed acupuncture to be an
      effective treatment for edema and pain. It also improved lymph flow,
      rheovasographic indexes and normalized hemostasis. The best results were obtained
      in cases of stage I-II edema.

PMID- 3358294
TI  - [Secretion of immunoglobulins in malignant melanoma of the skin].
AB  - The study was concerned with the dynamics of correlations between IgA, IgM and
      IgG levels involved in pigmented neoplasm development in 154 cancer patients and
      75 healthy subjects. The dynamics was found to represent stages of tumor
      development rather than changes in absolute indexes of serum immunoglobulin
      concentrations. The nature of changes in the structure of correlations suggested
      a possible switch from IgM to IgG and IgM to IgA secretion, i.e. disturbances in
      B-lymphocyte differentiation. Said changes were observed at a certain stage of
      melanoma progression, namely, during metastatic spreading.

PMID- 3358296
TI  - [The dose-effect relationship in connection with the study of the interaction of
      chemical carcinogens].
AB  - Problems arising in studies of the co-action of carcinogenic chemicals may be
      approached using mathematical models of dose-response dependence. It is shown
      that approximation of the dose-response dependence of chemical carcinogenesis co
      factors can be obtained with the aid of a second-order polynomial. The planning
      of relevant experiments and studies of dose-response dependence models should be
      based on application of mathematical planning procedures, namely, second-order
      plans. Certain plans are recommended.

PMID- 3358297
TI  - [Stomach tumors in rats induced by a single administration of N-methyl-N-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea].
AB  - The pathologic characteristics of gastric tumors induced by single injections of
      N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (15 mg) solution and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
      (10 mg) solution in 0.1 ml dimethylformamide were studied in 23 noninbred rats.
      The chemicals were injected into the antropyloric segment of the stomach. By
      months 11-15, specific changes in the glandular epithelium had developed at that
      site in 20 rats: dysplasia--in 6, precancer--7, and adenocarcinoma in 7 animals.
      Also, there were papillomas (6), squamous cell carcinoma (3), precancer and
      sarcoma (4) in various segments of the organ.

PMID- 3358299
TI  - [Pneumatic compression of the arm in the treatment of postmastectomy edema].
AB  - The paper discusses the histories and results of examination of 200 cases of
      lymphedema of the upper extremity developing after radical surgery for breast
      cancer. Forty percent of patients had suffered erysipelas, its frequency being
      higher in a group of pronounced edema. The incidence of erysipelas dropped 5.7
      times following application of pneumatic compression, suggesting the use of the
      procedure for erysipelas by stimulating lymph drainage.

PMID- 3358298
TI  - [The crypto-hem test in screening for colon cancer].
AB  - The paper discusses the reliability of crypto-hem test (detection of occult blood
      in feces) in diagnosing large bowel tumors in the course of a mass screening.
      1573 healthy subjects aged 45 years and older were examined. The results were
      positive in 24 (2%) out of 1190 screenees who were involved in the test and in 58
      (4.9%) subjects the results were suspicious. Tumors were detected in 23 (95.9%)
      test-positive screenees: cancer--12.5, polyps--54.2 and villous tumor--29.2%.
      Crypto-hem test proved instrumental in mass screening. Due to its application,
      symptom-free rectal cancer was diagnosed in 0.2, villous tumor--0.6, and single
      adenomatous polyps--1.1%.

PMID- 3358300
TI  - [Metastases in the axillary lymph nodes as the first manifestation of cancer].
AB  - The paper discusses the procedures used for detecting primary tumor in 27
      patients who presented with regional lymph node involvement. Both clinical data
      and those of the histologic and electron microscopic examination of tissue
      samples from the breast and involved lymph nodes were used. The examination
      established neoplasm in 15 cases and failed in 12. Most commonly, axillary lymph
      node metastases resulted from breast carcinoma. Relevant procedures for
      examination and treatment were developed versus type, size and site of tumor.

PMID- 3358301
TI  - Thymic cyst and infant respiratory distress.

PMID- 3358302
TI  - Radiation therapy: common questions and answers.

PMID- 3358303
TI  - VCRs and children.

PMID- 3358304
TI  - [Psychosomatic medicine--a chance for integrated medicine. Position, definition,
      trends].
AB  - Issuing from the international level of the psychosomatic medicine a critical
      estimation of the achievements in the GDR is done. The chances for a higher
      degree of cooperation resulting from the organisational structure of our public
      health service are illustrated and with the attempt of a preliminary definition
      for the psychosomatic medicine at the same time a graduated way of education is
      indicated. The cogent reasons for the acquisition of knowledge and qualification
      for results and trends of psychosocial medicine derive themselves from the
      changed development of morbidity in the developed industrial country GDR and
      immediately need aimed integration.

PMID- 3358305
TI  - [On the problem of stress].
AB  - After references to the different interpretations of stress in the framework of
      the stress-demand relations and the activity needs relations a
      psychophysiologically orientated stress concept is presented which contributed to
      the explanation of preservation of health and development of health, but also of
      origination and course of disease. Hereby qualitative peculiarities of the
      character and the appearance of the stress as well as of the origination of
      stress are emphasized.

PMID- 3358306
TI  - [The Principle of causality in psychotherapy and psychotherapeutic methods--an
      attempt at a systematic analysis based on a technologically oriented
      psychotherapy concept].
AB  - The attempt is made to describe in general psychotherapeutic work and efficacy on
      the basis of the understanding of psychotherapy as a process of action in the
      framework of a principle of causality of psychotherapy. Issuing from this usual
      psychotherapeutic methods and conceptions, which at present are applied in the
      GDR, are briefly characterized and a systematology of these methods is
      demonstrated. The description of principles of effect shall facilitate the
      understanding for psychotherapeutic effects in patients undergoing internal
      treatment and the broader inclusion of psychotherapy into the therapy of the
      specialist in internal medicine.

PMID- 3358307
TI  - [Adjustment, coping and defense mechanisms--deciding factors in the therapeutic
      process].
AB  - Disease leads to a great number of psychosocial charges of man which must be
      coped with. Strategies of coping, as an active and flexible contest with disease
      and defence measures, as a more unconscious orientated to experience effort for
      internal adaptation are different possibilities to overcome a disease. A
      subdivision of strategies of overcoming according to Ehle is presented.
      Therapeutic consequences which result from the knowledge of processes of
      overcoming find their issue in a method of psychotherapeutic treatment for
      patients with psychosomatic diseases.

PMID- 3358308
TI  - [Concomitant psychotherapy treatment of bronchial asthma].
AB  - According to the biopsychosocial disease model we regard the bronchial asthma as
      a disease, in the development, distinction and course of which psychic and social
      factors play an important role in unseparable interaction with the known
      biological factors and confirm this opinion by psychologic investigations on 273
      asthmatics. From the evidence of anxieties, apprehensions and psychic personality
      deviations in at least 25% of the patients results the conclusion of an
      integrated associated psychotherapeutic treatment, preferably with the methods:
      talk with the physician, biographical anamnesis, supportive psychotherapy and
      group visit.

PMID- 3358309
TI  - [Psychopharmacotherapy and internal medicine].
AB  - The application of psychopharmacotherapy is admissable only after diagnostic
      clarification. Run-in period of tricyclic antidepressive agents and highly potent
      neuroleptic agents are to be taken into consideration, use low-potent neuroleptic
      drugs for rapid relaxation. At first always exhaust monotherapy, instead of
      application of tranquilizers application of low-dose neuroleptic agents for
      permanent therapy. Using small initial doses and gradually increasing to optimum
      amounts is to be preferred for the establishment of the individual disposition.
      When a danger of habit formation is existing neuroleptic drugs are to be
      preferred. In all psychoreactive disturbances at first ventilate psychotherapy
      [5], only then prescription of remedies in the basic psychotherapeutic concept.
      The patients must be comprehensively informed about the aim of the treatment, the
      effects and side-effects and the fitness for driving, when being under
      psychopharmacotherapy.

PMID- 3358310
TI  - [Psychotherapy institutions and their patients].
AB  - This article investigates a number of institutions and private practices involved
      in the Berlin psychotherapy study from the point of view of their patients and
      their offerings in the area of therapy. Certain similarities have been found to
      exist between the institutions in the sex and age structure of the patients as
      well as in terms of the high level of previous experience with psychotherapy and
      psychoanalysis and previous medical measures. None of the institutions or
      practices saw primarily socially privileged patients, as is sometimes maintained.
      To a considerable degree the people they see live in a destabilized situation or
      one that is not yet stabilized and enjoy little social certainty (ca. 50%). The
      rate of the indication for psychotherapy and its actual initiation varies
      considerably from one institution to another. It runs the spectrum from the
      municipal counseling services, whose little motivated patients are only open to
      psychotherapy at all at a rate of 50% (actual therapy 22%) to patients in private
      psychotherapeutic practices who have gone through a long motivational process and
      who begin therapy at a rate of 70%. Study of the relationship between the
      location of the institution and the area in which the patients live shows on the
      one hand a tendency toward regionalism insofar as institutions are preferred by
      the patients who live near by. On the other hand, these special institutions are
      also sought out by patients from more distant locations and from differently
      structured areas; these patients are represented to the same degree as patients
      from the immediate area. Although psychotherapeutic institutions are often
      situated in the "better" residential areas, their patients are by no means only
      from such privileged areas but from all regions, including those that are
      socially weak.

PMID- 3358311
TI  - [The Berlin psychotherapy study (decision on indications and the therapeutic
      reality in various fields of psychotherapy practice].
AB  - This article presents concepts, problems, and approaches used in a completed
      observational study carried out by 47 therapists in analytical/psychotherapeutic
      private practices and institutions. The diagnostic situation (of 739 patients)
      and the initial phase of therapy (involving 381 patients) were studied with the
      help of a comprehensive system of documentation. What is documented here is the
      patient perspective on the one hand and the perspective of the therapists on the
      other with regard to numerous self-evaluations and evaluations by others,
      evaluations that throw light on the diagnostic-therapeutic process from different
      observational levels. Most of the scales used were developed in the study group.
      Given the complex structure of the data, new methods of storing and evaluating
      data had to be found. In addition to the description of the therapeutic reality
      of a large city, the main goal of the study was to examine the patient-therapist
      relationship and the prognostic elements it contains since these elements
      influence the indication for psychotherapy and the possibility of its successful
      realization and thus have the character of predictors for the course of
      psychotherapy. A number of other results of the study are presented in the
      succeeding contributions to this issue.

PMID- 3358312
TI  - [The initial patient-therapist relation as a predictor of the course of
      treatment. An empirical study of prognostic factors in psychotherapy].
AB  - This article presents the results of investigation of prognostic factors (in
      terms of the decision concerning indication and the course of therapy) that can
      be deduced from the initial diagnostic situation involving 739 patients and their
      therapists within the framework of the Berlin psychotherapy study. Four groups of
      predictors for the course of therapy can by identified. Of greatest value are a
      related group of factors that describe the readiness for therapeutic cooperation
      against a background of feelings of individual self-esteem. Another group of
      predictors signals an unfavorable course of therapy in the presence of social
      stress, social incompetence and disintegration combined with avoidance behavior
      and somatic demands for consideration. The next group of negative predictors
      includes evidence of anxious-distrustful avoidance of contact and simultaneous
      helplessness on the part of the patient. A final positive group of indicators is
      based on a positive evaluation of a biography that has given the patient positive
      relational experiences and supportive introjects. The complex of therapists'
      descriptions and patient evaluations confirms the therapists as prognostic
      experts but allows for the recognition of differentiation in the patients'
      judgments. The results are discussed from an interactional point of view and with
      regard to the congruence of the mutual offers made by patient and therapist.

PMID- 3358313
TI  - [Forms of therapeutic working relations].
AB  - Five different forms of therapeutic cooperation were identified on the basis of
      evaluations by therapists and patients of the therapeutic working relationship
      using a multivariate method; the forms were compared with the diagnostic and
      prognostic information derived from the initial patient history. Differences were
      determined on the basis of age, economic situation, and behavior during illness,
      whereas education in the sense of the Yavis hypothesis and also sex had no
      predictor function for the quality of the therapeutic working relationship. It
      could also be shown that the patient's neurotic interaction patterns, readiness
      for transfer, and concept of illness all carry greater weight in a prognosis for
      the therapeutic working relationship than the establishment of a diagnosis.

PMID- 3358314
TI  - [Patterns of therapeutic cooperation and their relation to results of therapy].
AB  - Drawing on 121 cases of inpatient psychotherapy, this study investigates the
      evaluation of therapeutic cooperation by both patient and therapist and the
      predictions that can be made about the success of therapy on the basis of these
      evaluations. The authors discuss four different patterns of therapeutic
      cooperation that differ in the degree of positive judgment expressed and in
      relation to correlations and contradictions in the evaluations of the two parties
      to the dyad. The psychological characterization of these patterns makes it clear
      that they are specific types of mutual relational offers that correspond with the
      background of the personality structure of the patient in question. Factors of
      therapy motivation and expectations with regard to therapy, as well as certain
      defensive reactions, (e.g., denial) and the social class of the patient play an
      important role. In the second part of the discussion, the authors study the
      question of how the evaluations of the therapeutic working relationship and the
      four relational patterns are connected to results of therapy as determined at the
      end of therapy as well as in a catamnestic examination; it is shown that the
      degree of the relationship is dependent on the type of changes (structural vs.
      symptom-centered) that are measured, as well as on the person (therapist or
      patient) making the evaluation of success.

PMID- 3358315
TI  - Fine structural alterations of the palmar aponeurosis in Dupuytren's contracture.
      A combined scanning and transmission electronmicroscopic examination.
AB  - The authors examined the fine structural alterations of palmar aponeurosis in
      Dupuytren's contracture. Two types of the fibroblasts can be identified: classic
      fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In the Dupuytren's tissue one fourth of all non
      inflammatory cells were regarded as myofibroblasts. In the Dupuytren's
      aponeurosis the orientation of the thin and thick collagen fibers varied. The
      Paccini corpuscles were hypertrophised and around them compact collagen tissue
      was increased.

PMID- 3358316
TI  - Meningiomas: histogenesis and classification. A comparative morphological study.
AB  - 80 meningiomas were analyzed with various morphological methods including smear
      preparations, frozen section conventional histology. In all, the establishment of
      short term in-vitro growth was attempted and led to rapid cell proliferation in
      all but few exceptions. Electron microscopy was equally performed in the cases.
      In 37 of these meningiomas, commercially available antibodies against a whole
      pattern of tissue markers including cytokeratin, fibronectin, vimentin, S-100
      protein and others were applied and visualized with the PAP method. The same was
      done with 4 in-vitro grown meningiomas. The sample of tumors comprised the major
      subtypes; age and sex distribution were consistent with known data. Electron
      microscopy showed only quantitative differences between different types,
      exhibiting as main features folded membranes with desmosomes and intermediate
      filaments. Cell types occurring in-vitro were dependent on the stage of
      proliferation. The tissue marker distribution showed vimentin as common to almost
      all meningiomas and fibronectin to half of them. Both antigens were observed
      after short term in-vitro growth in the tumor cells. It is concluded, that the
      central group of meningiomas despite of many different particular features has a
      common and uniform cellular make up demonstrated in all methods reported. The
      bearing of the intermediate mesodermal(neuro) ectodermal position of those tumors
      for their proper classification at the time being can only be discussed.

PMID- 3358317
TI  - [Determining the meaning of the concept of etiology].
AB  - The standpoint is taken that the understanding of causality in the medical
      science needs a precisation of its substance. In analyzing a number of textbooks
      of general pathology, beginning with the middle of the 19th century, the views of
      leading pathologists to this problem are reviewed. In consequence of this
      analysis an increase of cognition to the problem of etiology is to recognize. But
      it seems necessary to define the ideas on this field in using the dialectic
      determinism. This belongs to the following objects: etiology, causal and formal
      pathogenesis and causality. Using the term etiopathogenesis seems not to be
      efficient. In contrast the term of pathogenetic acting principal seems to be
      useful, but precisation of its substance is necessary.

PMID- 3358318
TI  - [Indications and value of intraoperative microscopic studies (rapid diagnostic
      biopsy)].
AB  - An account is given of general and specialised indications for immediate sections
      for diagnosis, and reference is made to an analysis of intraoperative
      histopathological immediate section diagnoses made in the laboratory of the
      Surgical Department at Karl-Marx-Universitat Leipzig, GDR. Accurate diagnosis was
      achieved by immediate section in 93 per cent of all cases under reviews. Results
      deviated from paraffin section diagnosis in 5.6 per cent of the cases, with 0.46
      per cent of these being falsely positive and 5.1 per cent falsely negative.
      Immediate section for diagnosis failed at all in 1.4 per cent of those cases. In
      dubious cases (suspicious diagnosis) or in situations of discrepancy between
      clinical, macroscopic, and not fully secured immediate section diagnoses major
      ablative operations should not be performed until adequate information has been
      obtained from paraffin section diagnosis. Intraoperative immediate section
      diagnosis, on balance, has proved to be a highly dependable, high-speed method.
      Major ablative oncological operations should no longer be performed without it.

PMID- 3358319
TI  - [Reflux disease and cancer].
AB  - The malignant potentiality of endobrachy-oesophagus and other organic forms of
      reflux disease amounts to ten per cent, according to experience obtained by the
      author of this paper and examiners elsewhere. Two thirds of the neoplasias were
      found to be located in the distal part of the oesophagus and one third in the
      centre. Lasting reflux and gradual transition to dysphagia were recorded only
      from 50 per cent of all cases. The author's approach to operable cases is
      abdomino-thoracal. Decisions on operability and radicality are usually based on
      laparotomy. The stomach is mobilised and, following removal of the tumour, is
      moved up as high as possible to the right thoracic cavity where it is anastomosed
      to the proximal oesophageal stump. The author analysed his patients under all
      relevant aspects and summarised in tabulated form classifications, origins,
      operability, and results. Early surgical treatment of aggressive reflux disease
      (abdominal fundoplication or complementary vagotomy, depending on acid potential)
      may reduce but not completely eliminate the risk of malignant degeneration.
      Preventive removal of endobrachy-oesophagus is not justifiable for the high
      biological price involved.

PMID- 3358320
TI  - [Significance of duodenogastric reflux in the pathogenesis of primary stomach
      cancer].
AB  - Duodenogastric reflux has often been discussed as a causative factor in the
      pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. The author's clinical examinations of 135
      patients with primary cancer of the stomach revealed slight increase in
      duodenogastric reflux. Yet, apart from these findings, no correlations were found
      to exist between reflux incidence and tumour localisation nor between
      histological tumour type and tumour size.

PMID- 3358321
TI  - [Stomach cancer in patients under 40].
AB  - Fifty-one patients below the age of forty were treated for stomach carcinoma at
      the Surgical Hospital of Mainz University, between 1970 and 1986. They accounted
      for 5.2 per cent of all patients with stomach carcinoma. Diagnosis had been
      delayed under the following characteristic circumstances: The interval between
      onset of symptoms and diagnosis had been more than a year in 34 per cent of all
      cases. Fifty per cent of the patients had been originally hospitalised, following
      false suspicious diagnosis. Primary examination for gastro-intestinal passage
      produced falsely negative results in 43 per cent. The same falsely negative
      outcome was recorded from 24 per cent, following gastroscopy, and from twelve per
      cent, following gastroscopy combined with tissue sampling. The percentage of
      early stomach carcinomas was twice as high as that recorded from patients over
      forty. Undifferentiated carcinomas, on the other hand, were predominant in
      patients below forty, whereas adenocarcinomas were primarily recorded from
      patients over forty. Curative resection was successful in 55 per cent of the over
      forties and 44 per cent of the under-forties. No-recurrence intervals were longer
      among the over-forties. However, five-year survival rates in Stages I, II, and
      III were better among the under-forties. Hence, the conclusion has been drawn
      from these findings that stomach carcinoma prognosis of patients below forty is
      better than that in higher age groups. This, however, is contradictory to other
      investigations reported in the literature.

PMID- 3358322
TI  - [Clinical and prognostic aspects of multiple cancers].
AB  - The anamnestic data, course and prognosis for 76 patients with multiple
      carcinomas were statistically analyzed in a retrospective study undertaken
      jointly with the oncological working group. The importance of multidisciplinary
      care for this group of patients over a period exceeding five years must be
      emphasized. If the general status of a patient deteriorates, the doctor should
      always consider the possibility of a second or third carcinoma.

PMID- 3358323
TI  - Teens and sex--not a rosy future.

PMID- 3358324
TI  - Suffer the little children.

PMID- 3358325
TI  - Our experience with the Port-A-Cath system.

PMID- 3358327
TI  - As you graduate.

PMID- 3358326
TI  - A potentially interesting job?--and 20 quality assurance questions.

PMID- 3358328
TI  - Men in nursing--a perspective.

PMID- 3358329
TI  - Liability protective fund. Canadian Nurses Protective Fund: the facts you need to
      know.

PMID- 3358330
TI  - The process of risk management--and the pitfalls!

PMID- 3358331
TI  - Stressed on stress: a light look at a current "buzz" word.

PMID- 3358333
TI  - [92d meeting of the Japanese Society of Ophthalmology. 24-26 March 1988, Kyoto.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3358332
TI  - Multiple sclerosis and patients' feelings.

PMID- 3358334
TI  - How quickly does diet make for change? A study of body mass index (BMI).

PMID- 3358335
TI  - Excessive weight gain and pregnancy outcome.

PMID- 3358336
TI  - Adolescent health.

PMID- 3358337
TI  - Long-term urethral catheters in older women.
AB  - If other methods of managing urinary incontinence fail, a long-term urethral
      catheter may be considered. Bacteriuria invariably develops in patients with a
      catheter in place for 30 days or more. With long-term catheterization,
      bacteriuria becomes polymicrobial, including familiar and unfamiliar
      uropathogens. Some febrile episodes, particularly those with high temperatures,
      can be fatal.

PMID- 3358338
TI  - Mescaline: a survey.
AB  - The hallucinogen mescaline is found in the peyote and San Pedro cacti, which are
      prevalent in Mexico and the southwestern United States. In a survey of middle
      class, predominantly white adolescents in a drug treatment facility, 18 percent
      of the respondents indicated that they had taken mescaline. Much of the purported
      mescaline was probably another hallucinogen, usually LSD. The effects of
      equipotent doses of mescaline and LSD are almost indistinguishable.

PMID- 3358339
TI  - Dupuytren's contracture in an adolescent.
AB  - Dupuytren's disease is a fibrotic process that can impair hand function by
      producing flexion contractures of the digits. The hypertrophic changes and
      contracture of the palmar fascia are frequently encountered in the geriatric
      population but can also occur in the adolescent age group. There is a definite
      genetic predisposition, and familial occurrences are common. Females of any age
      and males under age 40 are more prone to postoperative complications than other
      patients.

PMID- 3358340
TI  - Psychologic issues in diabetes care.
AB  - A clear perception of the psychologic factors affecting both the physician and
      the patient can greatly influence the course of therapy in diabetes. Genuine,
      realistic assessment and acceptance of the limitations inherent in physician
      patient interactions will lead to considerably more satisfying personal and
      professional relationships.

PMID- 3358341
TI  - Scombroid poisoning.
AB  - The symptoms of scombroid poisoning resemble an acute allergic reaction. Tuna,
      albacore, mackerel and bonito are implicated, as are nonscombroid fish such as
      mahi-mahi and bluefish. The histamine content of affected fish is high, but the
      pathophysiology is more complex than the mere ingestion of histamine.
      Antihistamines and cimetidine appear to be effective in controlling symptoms.
      Prevention consists of prompt and adequate refrigeration of dark-meated fish.

PMID- 3358342
TI  - Cluster headaches.
AB  - Cluster headaches are episodes of excruciating unilateral facial pain, typically
      occurring in young men. Ipsilateral autonomic symptoms of nasal congestion,
      rhinorrhea, conjunctival injection and lacrimation are commonly present.
      Characteristic facial features may be found. Migraine and trigeminal neuralgia
      are two important considerations in the differential diagnosis. Prednisone and
      lithium are effective prophylactic medications for episodic and chronic forms of
      cluster headaches. Treatment with oxygen or ergotamines may be useful in aborting
      attacks.

PMID- 3358344
TI  - Contact lens care and complications.
AB  - In the past 20 years, great strides have been made in contact lens technology,
      but this progress has been accompanied by a multitude of lens-related problems.
      Bacterial keratitis may be the most significant problem, but reports of
      Acanthamoeba keratitis, a parasitic corneal infection, are increasing. Infectious
      complications may be lessened by proper lens care. Thermal disinfection is
      recommended for soft lenses with a low water content; chemical decontamination is
      preferred for soft contact lenses with a high water content.

PMID- 3358345
TI  - Pigmented villonodular synovitis.

PMID- 3358343
TI  - Tubo-ovarian abscess: a study of 17 patients.
AB  - Patients with tubo-ovarian abscess usually present with pain and fever. Pelvic
      examination discloses adnexal tenderness or a mass. For unruptured tubo-ovarian
      abscess, antibiotics that provide anaerobic coverage and are capable of
      penetrating the abscess should be given. If there is no improvement in 48 to 72
      hours, conservative surgery should be performed, preserving hormonal and
      reproductive function, if possible.

PMID- 3358347
TI  - Late recurrence of malignant melanoma.
AB  - A patient presented with metastatic disease nearly 12 years after initial
      excision of a "benign" nevus. Review of the original slides confirmed malignant
      melanoma. Another patient was found to have a metastatic deposit of melanoma in
      the breast 23 years after an apparently adequate excision of a melanoma on the
      back. The natural history of this tumor shows its unpredictable nature. A
      thorough history and lifelong follow-up are essential in patients with malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 3358346
TI  - State screening for metabolic disorders in newborns.
AB  - Most states have mandatory screening programs for congenital and inherited
      disorders of metabolism. Physicians may be unaware of their state's requirements,
      and compiled lists of testing requirements are generally unavailable or
      incomplete. All states test for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria.
      Some states require that newborns be tested for up to six other specific
      congenital and inherited disorders of metabolism. Some states base their decision
      to test on demographic data, but there is no uniformity in the tests.

PMID- 3358348
TI  - Allergic rhinitis.

PMID- 3358349
TI  - Zinc deficiency and zinc toxicity.

PMID- 3358350
TI  - Battered women.

PMID- 3358352
TI  - Family physicians at the front door of health care.

PMID- 3358351
TI  - Foot odor.

PMID- 3358353
TI  - Preventing alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3358354
TI  - HIV screening in pregnancy.

PMID- 3358355
TI  - Mercury (Hg) exposure from in situ dental amalgam tooth fillings.

PMID- 3358356
TI  - Sample loss during measurement of airborne antineoplastic agents.
AB  - Handling, preparation and administration of antineoplastic drugs are suspected
      health hazards for hospital and clinic personnel. Measurement of personal and
      area exposures to such materials in air is difficult because the average
      concentration is often close to the analytical detection limit. For this reason,
      and because of the random nature of drug spills and releases, the sampling method
      of choice typically extends over a 40-hour workweek. In this study a method for
      monitoring two airborne antineoplastic drugs, fluorouracil and methotrexate, was
      tested for possible loss of the drug from filters during air sampling. Glass
      fiber filters (37 mm) were spiked with known amounts of drug and subjected to the
      same airflow conditions as are used in workplace sampling. Filter extracts were
      analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Losses during
      storage up to a month were less than 5% for both drugs. Losses during airflow
      were directly proportional to cumulative air volume, 2% of the amount on the
      spiked filter/m3 air for fluorouracil and 6%/m3 for methotrexate. Losses during
      actual collection will be less and ordinarily are not expected to constitute a
      major hindrance to extended sampling in occupational settings.

PMID- 3358358
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in silent myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Attempts at diagnosis and treatment of silent myocardial ischemia appear to be
      justified in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. A positive
      exercise test result or ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring showing ST
      segment deviation is an appropriate indication for adjustment of anti-ischemic
      therapy. With the documentation of more severe ischemia, angiography should be
      considered to determine the extent of coronary artery disease. Medical therapy,
      antianginal agents and risk reduction may improve survival. When ischemic
      involvement is severe, as in 3-vessel disease, interventional surgery may be
      required, whether or not ischemia is accompanied by angina. Selected clinical
      practice cases are presented to illustrate these diagnostic and therapeutic
      considerations, and are followed by group discussion.

PMID- 3358357
TI  - Clinical implications of coronary arteriographic findings soon after non-Q-wave
      acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A significant incidence of death and myocardial infarction after non-Q-wave
      infarction belies the earlier impression that it is less serious than Q-wave
      infarction. Coronary angiography in the early stages after non-Q-wave infarction
      shows a progressive increase in the number of totally occluded vessels. This is
      paralleled by an increase in number of collateral vessels. Thrombus also becomes
      increasingly prevalent over the week after non-Q-wave infarction, and plays a
      role in 30 to 40% of infarctions.

PMID- 3358359
TI  - Six-year survival of patients with and without painless myocardial ischemia and
      out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - Out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation (OHVF) is the most common cause of
      sudden cardiac death. Of 1,070 patients with OHVF who entered this study, 150
      were discharged alive. Of this group, 120 were free of anoxic brain damage. Of
      these survivors, 67 (57%) had no previously demonstrated anginal symptoms.
      Treadmill stress testing revealed painless ST depression in 76% of these
      neurologically intact patients. Exercise ventriculography in a subset of 9
      patients without angina before OHVF and in 6 patients with typical anginal
      symptoms revealed marked left ventricular dysfunction with ST depression in the
      absence of chest pain in all 15 patients. Sublingual nitroglycerin reversed this
      evidence of ischemia in the asymptomatic patients. Patients were followed for 6
      years after discharge. No statistical difference in mortality could be
      demonstrated for patients who had previous anginal symptoms vs those who did not,
      nor was age a predictor of mortality. Women had the same risk of death as men at
      2 years after OHVF, but a significantly higher risk by year 6. Myocardial
      infarction associated with OHVF did not predict lower mortality throughout the
      study.

PMID- 3358360
TI  - Sequential half-body irradiation as salvage therapy in chemotherapy-resistant
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - Fifteen patients with a median age of 58 years, having multiple myeloma resistant
      to conventional combinations of cytotoxic drugs, received sequential half-body
      irradiation as salvage therapy. Response was obtained in 53% (n = 8: group 1);
      this was objective in 40% (n = 6), being defined as 50% or greater reduction in
      paraprotein, clearance of light chains from the urine, or an unequivocal decrease
      in tumor bulk on an adequate marrow trephine biopsy; a further 13% (n = 2) just
      failed to meet these criteria but nevertheless had excellent subjective response.
      Median survival was 24 months. No objective or subjective improvement occurred in
      47% (n = 7: group 2); median transient survival was 4 months. Short-term toxicity
      was limited to transient nausea in 30% (n = 5) and protracted pancytopenia in
      about one-half of the patients (n = 7), who remain dependent on intermittent RBC
      transfusions. Morbidity is only moderate, and the response rate of 53% in
      refractory patients suggests that sequential half-body irradiation has a definite
      place in managing patients with end-stage disseminated myelomatosis.

PMID- 3358361
TI  - Treatment of carcinoma of the skin with bone and/or cartilage involvement.
AB  - From 1956 to 1978, 23 patients with stage T4 carcinoma of the skin of the head
      and neck were treated with radiotherapy (RT). There were nine patients with
      cancer of the skin of the nose, eight with tumors of the pinna, and six with
      lesions of the eyelids. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was seen in 61%, squamous cell
      carcinoma (SCC) in 26%, and 13% of patients had tumors with BCC and SCC features.
      The majority of patients had large tumors. Less than one-third of patients had
      smaller lesions, whereas three patients had intermediate-size tumors (greater
      than 2 cm to less than or equal to 5 cm). Of the 23 patients treated, nine had
      prior surgical therapy and recurrent or persistent tumor. The remaining 14
      patients had no prior therapy. RT was given up to an average total dose of 55 Gy.
      The 5-year actuarial tumor control rate was 80%. Of the 23 patients treated, four
      had recurrent tumors. There were no recurrences among the 14 BCC patients,
      whereas there were four recurrences among the nine SCC and mixed histology
      patients. Of the four patients who had tumor recurrence, one was salvaged by
      subsequent radical surgery and three died of their tumor. No serious
      complications were observed in this group of 23 patients. There was no cartilage,
      bone, or soft-tissue necrosis noted. RT is a good treatment option and it may be
      treatment of choice in patients with BCC and SCC of the skin with cartilage or
      bone involvement. It provides an excellent chance of tumor control, good
      cosmesis, preservation of function, and a low incidence of complications.

PMID- 3358362
TI  - Platinum concentrations in human autopsy tumor samples.
AB  - Platinum concentrations were determined in autopsy tumor samples obtained from 27
      patients who had received cisplatin 40-1,029 mg/m2 from 0 to 240 days antemortem.
      Liver metastases had significantly higher platinum concentrations than did tumors
      in other sites (p less than 0.005). Platinum concentrations in liver metastases
      were similar to platinum concentrations in normal liver. Platinum concentrations
      in gliomas and brain metastases were similar to platinum concentrations in other
      extrahepatic tumors. Platinum concentration generally decreased with increasing
      distance into brain from tumor. By multiple stepwise linear regression analysis,
      the factors that were independently most closely associated with tumor platinum
      concentration were time from last cisplatin treatment, cumulative lifetime dose
      of cisplatin, route of cisplatin administration (intraarterial vs. other), and
      site of tumor deposit (liver vs. other) (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001). Patients
      whose tumors had responded to cisplatin-containing regimens had mean tumor
      platinum concentrations that were higher than the mean tumor platinum
      concentrations in patients whose tumors had not responded to cisplatin (p less
      than 0.05).

PMID- 3358364
TI  - There was a time when an apple a day kept the doctor away but now it's
      malpractice insurance.

PMID- 3358363
TI  - Radiation-treated carcinoma of prostate. Comparison of survival of black and
      white patients by Gleason's grading system.
AB  - The survival of 117 black and white patients treated by radiation for carcinoma
      of the prostate at SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn (SUNY/HSCB) and Kings
      County Hospital Center (KCHC) was analyzed according to Gleason's grading system.
      The effect of total pattern score and its relationship to stage and survival and
      to race were intercompared. In both black and white racial groups, there was
      strong correlation between high pattern score and high stage p = less than 001.
      The percentage of black patients presenting with high pattern score (7-10) was
      significantly greater, 43 versus 27%; this adversely affected stage and survival.
      The median survival for white and black patients was 4.8 and 3.2 years,
      respectively; p = 0.007. Stage for stage and grade for grade, survival was
      similar in both racial groups.

PMID- 3358365
TI  - Testicular seminoma. A study of 103 cases treated at UCLA.
AB  - The records of all patients treated at UCLA with stage I through stage III
      testicular seminoma, diagnosed in 1956-1983, were reviewed. Histologic subtype,
      therapeutic protocol, survival, and the incidence of subsequent primary
      malignancies are examined in this presentation. The 10 year cause-specific
      survival is 93% for stage I and 70% for stage II patients. Of the four patients
      initially seen with stage III disease, three have achieved long-term disease-free
      survival after combined irradiation and chemotherapy. Irradiation of the whole
      pelvis was not associated with improved control for those patients with previous
      pelvic surgery. Four patients complained of gynecomastia after therapy, and since
      none of these patients had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin levels, the
      gynecomastia was attributed to gonadal failure.

PMID- 3358366
TI  - Thymidine labeling index, flow cytometric S-phase measurement, and DNA index in
      human tumors. Comparisons and correlations.
AB  - The results of flow cytometry were compared with the tritiated thymidine labeling
      index (TLI) in 314 tumors studied in one laboratory and 163 tumors from a second
      laboratory, a total of 477, including 306 breast carcinomas. Flow cytometric DNA
      measurements were obtained on mechanically dissociated fresh tissue stained with
      propidium iodide or DAPI. Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients (r) for
      TLI versus flow cytometric S-phase measurement (%S) were 0.38 to 0.55 (P less
      than 0.001) for diploid DNA index (DNAI) and 0.59 and 0.67 (P less than 0.001)
      for aneuploid DNAI. The correlations were similar for breast and nonmammary
      tumors. No correlation of DNAI with TLI or %S was observed for aneuploid tumors,
      although the aneuploid tumors had significantly higher TLI and %S than diploid
      tumors (P less than 0.001). Mean TLI for the breast carcinomas was 4.6% and 3.6%
      for diploid tumors in Series 1 and 2, respectively; for aneuploid tumors, 9.9%
      and 9.3%. Respective mean %S for diploid breast carcinomas was 6.8% and 7.4%; for
      aneuploid breast carcinomas, it was 13.6% and 14.5%. The excess of %S over TLI
      was greatest for tumors with low TLI and appeared to result largely from debris
      in DNA histograms. TLI, %S and DNAI each predicted both absolute survival and
      relapse-free survival of breast carcinoma patients.

PMID- 3358367
TI  - Hydatidiform moles. Application of flow cytometry in diagnosis.
AB  - Hydropic chorionic villi are found in hydropic abortuses, partial hydatidiform
      moles (PM), and complete hydatidiform moles. Partial and complete moles have the
      potential for persistent trophoblastic disease. The vast majority of partial
      moles are triploid and generally follow a benign clinical course. Complete moles
      are diploid and distant metastasis and choriocarcinoma may develop. The authors
      determined the nuclear ploidy by flow cytometry of 31 placentas, 19 of which
      appeared hydropic either on obstetric ultrasonography or gross examination. Of
      ten complete moles classified by histologic criteria, ten were diploid, whereas
      five of seven histologically classified PM were triploid. The remaining two cases
      classified as PM were diploid; one most likely represented a regressing complete
      mole; the other a hydropic abortus. All 14 control placentas were diploid. In all
      cases in which karyotypic analysis was performed, the flow cytometric
      determination of ploidy was confirmed. It was concluded that DNA flow cytometric
      analysis is a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective means for assaying nuclear
      ploidy in these tissues, and as such, offers an informative supplement to the
      histological interpretation of hydropic placentas.

PMID- 3358368
TI  - Increased histamine content in leukocytes and platelets of patients with
      peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Since histamine has recently been shown to play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in experimental nonketotic diabetes, and since
      leukocytes and platelets contain most of the histamine in blood, we have
      determined the levels of histamine in these cells from patients with peripheral
      vascular disease (PVD), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The leukocyte and platelet histamine
      concentration in PVDs was significantly greater than that in controls, IDDMs and
      NIDDMs. Histamine content of leukocytes and platelets from IDDMs and NIDDMs did
      not differ from that in control subjects. The higher histamine content of
      leukocytes and platelets in PVD may lead to a greater release of this amine at
      sites of vascular endothelial damage. Increased histamine release may increase
      endothelial permeability and contribute to further vascular injury as observed in
      experimental models of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3358369
TI  - Spurious leukopenia due to in vitro granulocyte aggregation.
AB  - Two patients are described with spurious leukopenia secondary to in vitro
      aggregation of neutrophils. The significance and possible mechanisms of this
      phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 3358370
TI  - The effect of the platelet count on the aggregation response and adenosine
      triphosphate release in an impedance lumi-aggregometer.
AB  - Platelet aggregation studies are usually performed in either electrical impedance
      or optical systems and the release reaction assessed by quantitating adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) from luminesence produced by the firefly luciferin-luciferase
      system. In evaluating the results of such studies, attention is paid to a variety
      of parameters such as the slope of the aggregation response and the maximum
      aggregation expressed as percent light transmission in optical and as Ohms in
      electrical impedance systems. Although threshold platelet counts are frequently
      cited below which the performance of these studies is technically difficult, the
      influence of the platelet count within the normal range on the results of such
      studies has not been prospectively addressed. This study examines the
      relationship between the aggregation response, ATP release and the platelet count
      in a lumi-impedance system. It is clear that the platelet count influences the
      results in this system and requires consideration in the interpretation if an
      erroneous conclusion is to be avoided.

PMID- 3358371
TI  - Red blood cell distribution width in untreated pernicious anemia.
AB  - The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was studied in 26 unselected patients
      with untreated pernicious anemia. RDW changes were also sequentially followed
      after therapy in 12 patients. The mean (+/- 1 SD) RDW values were significantly
      higher in pernicious anemia patients than in controls (21.7 +/- 9.1% vs. 13.2 +/-
      1.1%, P less than 0.0001). Nevertheless, 31% of the patients had normal RDWs.
      There were no consistent findings among those who had normal RDW. Most of them
      were in the early stages of deficiency, but some had advanced deficiency. Over
      half of those with normal RDW also had normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV).
      Overall, 9 of the 26 patients (35%) had normal MCV. Of eight patients whose RDW
      fell with therapy, some showed a steady fall while others had a transient rise
      followed by a progressive drop. Despite current advocacy that a high RDW is a
      sensitive and consistent finding in vitamin B12 deficiency, our findings show
      that a large proportion of untreated pernicious anemia patients have normal RDWs
      and that in contrast to iron deficiency, elevation of RDW is not necessarily the
      earliest indicator of vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 3358373
TI  - The author's reply. Analytic goals are targets, not inflexible criteria of
      acceptability.

PMID- 3358372
TI  - Evaluation of broth media for routine culture of cerebrospinal and joint fluid
      specimens.
AB  - Broth cultures of cerebrospinal and joint fluids are important components in the
      culture detection of meningitis and septic arthritis. The authors examined 121
      strains of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens representing 13 species or
      groups that cause meningitis and arthritis for growth in supplemented
      Thioglycolate broth (THIO), Supplemented Peptone Broth (SPB), and minced beef
      heart (MBH) media each alone or with added IsoVitaleX. Both SPB and MBH with
      IsoVitaleX performed better as broth culture media than the media without
      IsoVitaleX or THIO with or without IsoVitaleX.

PMID- 3358374
TI  - Pediatricians and careers in health care management.

PMID- 3358375
TI  - Mumps occurring in previously vaccinated adolescents.

PMID- 3358376
TI  - Decreased bone mineral content = rickets: a misleading equation.

PMID- 3358377
TI  - Arterial access and monitoring in the newborn.

PMID- 3358378
TI  - Effects of strength training on serum lipid levels in prepubertal boys.

PMID- 3358379
TI  - Detection of pulsus paradoxus by pulse oximetry.

PMID- 3358380
TI  - Comment on the assessment of bone mineral status in children.

PMID- 3358381
TI  - Cytarabine anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3358382
TI  - Chronic lung disease in children born with sublethal lung hypoplasia.

PMID- 3358383
TI  - Chronic lung disease in VLBW infants.

PMID- 3358384
TI  - Foreign-body aspiration.

PMID- 3358385
TI  - Infantile myofibromatosis and the use of magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3358386
TI  - Bone marrow examination and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3358387
TI  - Ribavirin. Ambivalence about an antiviral agent.

PMID- 3358388
TI  - Better treatment for children with diabetes but no cures yet.

PMID- 3358389
TI  - Perspectives on the relative resurgence of mumps in the United States.
AB  - Although the United States has enjoyed great success in the control of mumps
      since the licensure of live virus mumps vaccine in 1967, a relative resurgence of
      mumps during the 1986-1987 period has raised concerns about the long-term
      effectiveness of mumps vaccine. We received mumps surveillance data, historical
      information on mumps vaccine distribution and recommendations for its use, survey
      data on levels of mumps immunization in US children during the 1973-1985 period,
      the effect of mumps immunization school laws on the reported incidence of mumps
      among states with and without such laws, and studies of mumps vaccine
      effectiveness. Following licensure, a decade elapsed before mumps vaccine was
      endorsed as a routine immunization of childhood, while immunization survey and
      vaccine distribution data reflected only gradual acceptance of the vaccine.
      However, mumps incidence declined during this period, resulting in a relatively
      underimmunized cohort of children born between 1967 and 1977 who grew up during a
      period when the risk of exposure to mumps was rapidly declining. The resurgence
      of mumps since 1986 has been characterized by a selective increase in incidence
      and a shift in the age group at highest risk to middle and high school students
      in those states lacking comprehensive mumps immunization school laws.
      Postlicensure field evaluations of mumps vaccine effectiveness have not
      demonstrated waning vaccine-induced immunity. The data indicate that the relative
      resurgence of mumps in the United States is chiefly due to a failure to vaccinate
      all susceptible persons, especially those who are now between 10 and 19 years
      old. Mumps immunization school laws offer an approach to deal with the problem of
      continuing susceptibility in school-age populations.

PMID- 3358390
TI  - Is bone marrow examination justified in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
AB  - Bone marrow examination is widely accepted among pediatric hematologists as a
      mandatory investigation in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
      The aim of this procedure is to confirm the presence of megakaryocytes and to
      exclude other conditions, such as leukemia and aplastic anemia. To assess the
      need for bone marrow examination, we reviewed the charts of 127 children with
      presumed ITP and found that bone marrow examination led to a different diagnosis
      in five (3.9%) of them. All five patients had presented with clinical and/or
      laboratory features atypical of acute ITP; none had leukemia. The initial
      clinical and laboratory findings of 50 patients with aplastic anemia also were
      reviewed; all had features atypical of acute ITP. Proper history and physical
      examination as well as a complete blood cell count are reliable means of
      recognizing patients with typical vs atypical features of ITP. Bone marrow
      aspiration could be limited safely to those patients with atypical features of
      ITP or to patients being treated with corticosteroids.

PMID- 3358391
TI  - Serum ionized calcium concentrations in normal neonates.
AB  - Adult serum ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations are higher when using the newer,
      highly sensitive, ion-selective electrodes compared with older electrodes.
      Currently used neonatal normative ranges were established using older electrodes
      and not under standardized conditions or age. Thirty term infants, carefully
      screened to exclude confounding factors that could affect serum iCa
      concentration, were studied at birth and 2 and 24 hours of age for serum iCa
      concentrations. Mean concentrations declined from 1.45 mmol/L (5.82 mg/dL) at
      birth to 1.33 mmol/L (5.34 mg/dL) at 2 hours to 1.23 mmol/L (4.92 mg/dL) at 24
      hours. The 95% confidence limits at 24 hours ranged from 1.10 to 1.36 mmol/L
      (4.40 to 5.44 mg/dL). Using newer ion-selective electrodes, normal neonatal
      ranges for iCa concentrations during the first 24 hours of age are higher than
      published references.

PMID- 3358392
TI  - A survey of undergraduate pediatric education. Progress in the 1980s?

PMID- 3358394
TI  - Growth patterns of first-generation Southeast Asian infants.
AB  - The growth patterns of Southeast Asian infants appear to differ from those of the
      National Center for Health Statistics standards for US children. This study
      examines the length, weight, and head circumference curves of 175 healthy, full
      term, US-born Laotian and Cambodian infants seen periodically at a pediatric
      clinic from birth to 18 months of age. The median length, weight, and head
      circumference values of these infants were significantly lower than those of the
      National Center for Health Statistics standards for infants older than 6 months.
      These differences were more striking in girls than boys. A decision to observe
      rather than to pursue a diagnostic work-up in an otherwise healthy Southeast
      Asian infant who exhibits a slow growth pattern may be the most appropriate
      management style.

PMID- 3358393
TI  - Naproxen nephrotoxicity in a 2-year-old child.
AB  - The development of acute renal failure and interstitial nephritis due to
      therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been documented
      repeatedly in adult patients but is rare in children. We report the occurrence of
      this complication in a child. Acute renal failure and hyperkalemia developed in a
      2-year-old boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after one month of naproxen
      sodium therapy. The evidence of renal toxic effects became manifest after an
      episode of dehydration. A percutaneous renal biopsy specimen revealed
      interstitial nephritis. The patient recovered promptly after withdrawal of the
      drug.

PMID- 3358395
TI  - Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term infants. A case-control study.
AB  - We performed a case-control investigation of 43 full-term infants with
      necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) to identify possible risk factors and unique
      features of the disorder in the more mature infant. Two control groups were used.
      The first consisted of "healthy" term infants. The second was a group of "sick"
      term infants who did not develop NEC. The 43 term infants with NEC represented
      12.7% of all 338 neonates with NEC. The median age at onset of symptoms was 2
      days, and 18 infants developed NEC on the first day of life. Two (4.7%) of the 43
      affected term infants died, while 35 (11.9%) of 295 preterm infants with the
      disorder died. Only three of the full-term infants who subsequently developed NEC
      had entirely unremarkable courses prior to the onset of symptoms. Sick infants,
      in particular those who are small for gestational age or require exchange
      transfusions, are at risk for NEC. Several other features that may be associated
      with the subsequent development of NEC include the following: perinatal asphyxia,
      presence of umbilical catheters, antecedent respiratory distress, polycythemia,
      and maternal preeclampsia. Full-term infants with these features should be
      treated with cautious observation and aggressive management early in the neonatal
      period should they develop signs and symptoms suggestive of NEC.

PMID- 3358396
TI  - Infection rates of Broviac-Hickman catheters and implantable venous devices.
AB  - We retrospectively identified and prospectively followed up 62 patients with 78
      venous-access catheters over a 30-month period (15773 catheter-days) to compare
      infectious complications of Broviac-Hickman catheters (n = 33) and totally
      implantable. venous devices (n = 45) in pediatric oncology patients. Demographic
      data and characteristics of catheter use were comparable for both groups.
      Significantly associated with the risk of a catheter-associated infection were
      (1) the percentage of time the patient was neutropenic and (2) a patient age of
      younger than 2 years. In the Broviac-Hickman catheter group, 14 catheter
      associated infections occurred in 27% of patients using catheters for an
      infection rate of 0.21/100 catheter-days. In the implantable venous device group,
      13 infections occurred in 24% of patients using catheters for an infection rate
      of 0.14/100 catheter-days. The relative risk of infection from Broviac-Hickman
      catheters compared with implantable venous devices was 1.5, which was not
      significant (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 3.2). Thus, the incidence of
      infectious complications was comparable for both catheter types.

PMID- 3358397
TI  - Epidemiology of the early amnion rupture spectrum of defects.
AB  - We used data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects
      Program to study the epidemiology of the early amnion rupture spectrum of
      defects. For the period 1968 through 1982, we identified 45 patients among
      388,325 live births, for a birth prevalence rate of 1.16 per 10,000. The
      prevalence for male infants was 0.91 and for female infants, 1.44. The defects
      occurred 1.76 times more often in blacks than in whites (95% confidence interval
      0.98, 3.13). Infants of young, black multigravidas (less than 20 years, more than
      one pregnancy) showed the highest rate (6.2), and infants of older, black
      multigravidas showed the lowest rate (0.5) (rate ratio = 12.4, 95% confidence
      interval 4.2, 36.4). These findings suggest that young, black multigravidas are
      at much higher risk than are older, black multigravidas of having infants with
      this spectrum of defects. Ascertainment (diagnostic) differences between
      hospitals probably account for some of the racial discrepancy in birth
      prevalence, but they do not explain the maternal age effects in black
      multigravidas. Because the higher rates for blacks probably reflect more accurate
      diagnoses, the findings also suggest that a closer estimate of the true birth
      prevalence may be about 3 per 10,000 live births.

PMID- 3358398
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Bronchial compression and ventilatory dysfunction
      in scoliosis.

PMID- 3358399
TI  - An analysis of revenues and expenses in a hospital-based ambulatory pediatric
      practice.
AB  - We developed a method of analyzing revenues and expenses in a hospital-based
      ambulatory pediatric practice. Results of an analysis of the Children's Medical
      Group (CMG) at the University of Chicago Medical Center demonstrate how changes
      in collection rates, practice expenses, and hospital underwriting contribute to
      the financial outcome of the practice. In this analysis, certain programmatic
      goals of the CMG are achieved at a level of just under 12,000 patient visits per
      year. At this activity level, pediatric residency program needs are met and
      income to the CMG physicians is maximized. An ethical problem from the
      physician's perspective is created by seeking profit maximization. To accomplish
      this end, the CMG physicians would have to restrict their personal services to
      only the better-paying patients. This study serves to underscore the importance
      of hospital-based physicians and hospital administrators structuring fiscal
      incentives for physicians that mutually meet the institutional goals for the
      hospital and its physicians.

PMID- 3358400
TI  - Indomethacin-associated sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - Indomethacin sodium promotes closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in premature
      infants. In addition to renal and gastrointestinal side effects, indomethacin may
      predispose to infection because of inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      (PMN) function. We retrospectively assessed the incidence of sepsis in a group of
      58 premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus who received either oral
      indomethacin, surgery, or usual medical management. A significant increase in the
      incidence of sepsis was observed in the indomethacin-treated group compared with
      patients treated with surgery or usual medical management (seven of 31 vs one of
      27). All episodes of sepsis occurred within one week of therapy. Patients in the
      indomethacin group who developed sepsis were less mature, had more
      gastrointestinal symptoms, and were less likely to survive than nonseptic
      indomethacin-treated patients. Nine patients studied prospectively showed no
      difference in PMN chemotaxis and adherence before and after indomethacin
      administration. Neither adult nor neonatal cord PMN chemotaxis was inhibited
      following in vitro incubation with concentrations of indomethacin ranging from 1
      to 1000 mg/L. Bactericidal activity of neonatal cord neutrophils was also
      unaffected by concentrations of indomethacin from 1 to 200 mg/L. These results
      suggest that oral indomethacin administration may predispose the very-low-birth
      weight infant to the development of sepsis shortly after therapy is begun
      although the mechanism remains unclear.

PMID- 3358401
TI  - Is pinworm a vanishing infection? Laboratory surveillance in a New York City
      medical center from 1971 to 1986.
AB  - Records of our parasitology laboratory were reviewed to determine trends in the
      frequency of specimens submitted for diagnosis of pinworm infection, the
      proportion of such specimens that were positive, and the proportion of such
      positive results for the pediatric age group from 1971 to 1986 in a major New
      York City medical center. These data demonstrate a markedly declining trend in
      the absolute number of sticky tape tests sent for pinworm diagnosis, from 248 in
      1971 to 38 in 1986, an average of 8% decline per year. The number of specimens
      identifying Enterobius vermicularis among those submitted has similarly declined,
      from 57 in 1971 to none being positive in 1986, an average of 16% decline per
      year. The dramatic decline in pinworm identification and the fall in the number
      of specimens sent by practitioners at this medical center, and reported elsewhere
      in the United States by other investigators, may reflect a genuine decline in
      oxyuriasis occurring in the patient populations served.

PMID- 3358402
TI  - Jaundice in neonates with sickle cell disease. A case-control study.
AB  - This matched, case-control study was conducted on 68 neonates with sickle cell
      disease (SCD) to test the hypothesis that SCD contributes to neonatal jaundice.
      Previous uncontrolled studies have suggested that SCD leads to a high rate of
      neonatal jaundice. After matching, two neonates without SCD born in the same year
      were selected for each patient with SCD by use of random numbers. Matching
      factors were gestational age, sex, birth weight, and race. Serum bilirubin
      concentrations and the presence or absence of clinical jaundice were recorded.
      Information on factors potentially influencing the rate of neonatal jaundice was
      obtained for the first three days of life: maternal drug, alcohol, and tobacco
      usage, intrauterine infection, Apgar scores, highest infant hematocrit, culture
      proved sepsis, blood group incompatibilities, hemorrhages, and presence of red
      blood cell sickling. We found no increase in the rate of clinical jaundice and no
      increase in the bilirubin concentration in either the entire group of patients
      with SCD, or in the subgroups with either homozygous or S-hemoglobin C disease,
      compared with their respective controls. We conclude that SCD probably is not a
      significant factor predisposing to neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 3358403
TI  - Sex differences in osteoarthritis of the knee. The role of obesity.
AB  - This study investigated the role of obesity (body mass index, total body weight,
      triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold) compared with other anthropometric
      variables (body fat distribution, muscularity, elbow breadth, bitrochanteric
      breadth) in order to explain previously noted sex differences in osteoarthritis
      of the knee. Anthropometric measures, self-reported symptoms, and knee x-ray data
      were analyzed for 3,905 adults aged 45-74 years with valid x-ray data from the
      First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1975. Prevalence of
      knee osteoarthritis was 4.9% in women and 2.6% in men. The relative risk for
      women compared with men increased from 1.57 at 45-54 years to 2.14 at 65-74
      years. Adjusting for body mass index and subscapular and triceps skinfolds
      reduced the sex difference, whereas adjusting for total body weight, body fat
      distribution, muscularity, and skeletal size increased the sex difference. Body
      mass index was the variable that best reduced the sex difference when the other
      variables were included in the analysis; it did not, however, eliminate the sex
      difference. No sex differences were found in the strength of the association
      between anthropometric variables and osteoarthritis, nor was there evidence to
      suggest that obesity is a consequence of knee osteoarthritis rather than a risk
      factor.

PMID- 3358404
TI  - Increased risk of malignant diseases after surgery for primary
      hyperparathyroidism. A nationwide cohort study.
AB  - A cohort of 4,163 persons reported to the nationwide Swedish Cancer Registry by
      reason of hyperparathyroidism was followed for up to 22 completed years (24,593
      person-years of observation). The occurrence of malignant disease manifested
      after parathyroid surgery was investigated through computerized linkage to the
      entire Cancer Registry. During the entire period, the hyperparathyroidism
      patients suffered malignant diseases significantly more often than the background
      population (relative risk (RR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-1.8). Even
      if all cases with malignant diseases detected at the same time as
      hyperparathyroidism or during the first year after parathyroid surgery were
      eliminated, a significantly increased risk remained for the following years (RR =
      1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6). A significantly increased relative risk of developing
      gastrointestinal cancers, endocrine tumors, kidney carcinomas, and mammary
      carcinomas was found. During the first postoperative year, an increased
      surveillance of the cohort is likely to have contributed to the increased risk,
      but detection bias is considered unlikely to be the only explanation for the
      higher risk during all subsequent years. The findings indicate that
      hyperparathyroidism either promotes later development of malignant tumors or that
      this condition and certain malignant diseases have etiologic factors in common.

PMID- 3358405
TI  - Genetic heritability and shared environmental influences of type A measures in
      the NHLBI Twin Study.
AB  - Data from the NHLBI Twin Study were used to investigate the genetic component in
      a number of Type A measures given to these twins during a second cardiovascular
      examination. Specifically, the objective of the current study was to determine
      the extent to which various Type A measures are influenced by genetic effects and
      by measurable environmental and cultural factors. Analyses of these data for
      twins yielded a number of results. First, the Type A behavior pattern as assessed
      by the structured interview was only weakly associated with self-report
      inventories developed as alternatives to the structured interview. Second, among
      the self-report measures of Type A, only the Thurstone Temperament Schedule
      Active scale showed a clear significant genetic component. Most important, a
      number of demographic and social characteristics known to be associated with the
      various Type A scales had a differential effect on twin similarities.
      Specifically, for the job involvement subscale of the Jenkins Activity Survey,
      twins of both zygosities became equally similar after adjustments for covariates,
      while no effect on twin similarity was noted for the Thurstone Temperament
      Schedule Active scale. It is concluded that a complex constellation of genetic
      predispositions and acquired behaviors underlies the Type A behavior construct.

PMID- 3358406
TI  - The assessment of historical physical activity and its relation to adult bone
      parameters.
AB  - The aim of the present research was to determine the association between
      historical physical activity and baseline bone measurements in a group of 223
      postmenopausal women participating in a clinical trial in Pittsburgh,
      Pennsylvania, from 1981 to 1986 by evaluating the effect of moderate physical
      activity on bone loss. Historical physical activity was assessed by a survey
      which divided the life span into four time periods (14-21, 22-34, 35-50, and 50+
      years) and inquired about participation in leisure time physical activities for
      each period. From the responses, kilocalories of energy expenditure were
      calculated. Cortical bone density and area were measured in the radius with a
      computerized tomography scanner. The historical physical activity survey was
      administered a second time two to three months after the initial test to a 10%
      random sample of the women in order to determine the test-retest reliability of
      the instrument. Since the measurements of historical physical activity proved to
      be reliable, estimates of kilocalories determined for the entire population of
      women were correlated with bone area and density. A significant relation was
      found to exist between historical physical activity and dimensions of adult bone,
      particularly bone area. This association remained significant after adjustment
      for potential confounding variables and seemed to be strongest in the earlier age
      periods. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a significant
      association between historical physical activity and bone.

PMID- 3358407
TI  - Estimation of sample sizes in case-control studies with multiple controls per
      case: dichotomous data.
AB  - In planning case-control studies with matched sets, the calculation of exact
      sample sizes is difficult, because this calculation depends on some nuisance
      parameters that are usually unknown in practice. Using the Pitman efficiency of
      Miettinen's test relative to McNemar's test, Schlesselman and Stolley (Case
      control studies: design, conduct, analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
      1982:144-70) derived an approximate sample size formula which requires the
      assumption that the difference in exposure rates between cases and controls is
      small. Furthermore, on the basis of an assumption similar to that used in
      Schlesselman and Stolley's approach, Taylor (Stat Med 1986;5:29-36) proposed
      another approximation formula. In this paper, an alternative and explicit formula
      that does not require the exposure difference to be small between case and
      control groups has been derived. Monte Carlo studies are given for comparing the
      accuracy of these three procedures. The results indicate that when odds ratios of
      exposure between cases and controls are small (less than or equal to 4) and there
      is more than one matched control per case, the formula derived in this paper
      seems to be the best. When odds ratios are large (greater than or equal to 5),
      however, Taylor's more conservative estimate is recommended, unless the exposure
      prevalence in the general population is large (0.9).

PMID- 3358408
TI  - Maternal literacy modifies the effect of toilets and piped water on infant
      survival in Malaysia.
AB  - The effect of toilets, piped water, and maternal literacy on infant mortality was
      analyzed using data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey collected in 1976-1977.
      The effect of toilets and piped water on infant mortality was dependent on
      whether or not mothers were literate. The impact of having toilets was greater
      among the illiterate than among the literate, but the impact of piped water was
      greater among the literate than among the illiterate. The effect on the infant
      mortality rate for toilets decreased from 130.7 +/- 17.2 deaths in the absence of
      literate mothers to 76.2 +/- 25.9 deaths in the presence of literate mothers. The
      reduction in the mortality rate for maternal literacy dropped from 44.4 +/- 14.1
      deaths without toilets to -10.1 +/- 23.9 deaths with toilets. Reductions in
      mortality rates for piped water increased from 16.7 +/- 12.7 deaths without
      literate mothers to 36.8 +/- 21.0 deaths with literate mothers. Similarly,
      reductions in the mortality rate for maternal literacy rose from 44.4 +/- 14.1
      deaths in the absence of piped water to 64.5 +/- 19.5 deaths in the presence of
      piped water. The results from a logistic model provided inferences similar to
      those from ordinary least squares. The authors infer that literate mothers
      protect their infants especially in unsanitary environments lacking toilets, and
      that when piped water is introduced, they use it more effectively to practice
      better hygiene for their infants.

PMID- 3358409
TI  - Re: "Time trends in the US racial difference in hypertension".

PMID- 3358410
TI  - Deficiency in the NHANES II survey data.

PMID- 3358411
TI  - Re: "Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a retirement community".

PMID- 3358412
TI  - Heart disease mortality in nonsmokers living with smokers.
AB  - A private census of Washington County, Maryland, in 1963 obtained information on
      smoking habits of all adults in the census, and death certificates of all
      residents who died in the next 12 years were coded for underlying cause of death
      and matched to the census. Among the white population aged 25 and over, 4,162 men
      and 14,873 women had never smoked. In this group, death rates from
      arteriosclerotic heart disease were significantly higher among men (relative risk
      (RR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.6) and women (RR = 1.24, 95% CI
      1.1-1.4) who lived with smokers in 1963, after adjustment for age, marital
      status, years of schooling, and quality of housing. Among women, the relative
      risk increased significantly (p less than 0.005) with increasing level of
      exposure; among men, there was little evidence of a dose-response relation. The
      relative risks for nonsmokers who lived with smokers were greatest among both men
      and women who were younger than age 45 in 1963, but the number of deaths in these
      groups was small, and confidence intervals were broad. These results suggest a
      small but measurable risk for arteriosclerotic heart disease among nonsmokers who
      live with smokers.

PMID- 3358413
TI  - Relation of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity to cardiovascular
      disease risk factors in children and adults.
AB  - The associations of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness with
      cardiovascular disease risk factors were studied in 88 male adults, 180 female
      adults, 148 male children, and 142 female children. Subjects were families
      recruited from elementary schools in San Diego, California. Fitness (VO2 max) was
      measured by a submaximal cycle ergometer test. Physical activity was assessed by
      seven-day recall interview, yielding caloric expenditure, and by a simple self
      rating of activity level. Risk factors included blood pressure, high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the ratio of high density lipoproteins to low
      density lipoproteins (LDL), and body mass index. For all subgroups, fitness was
      strongly and significantly correlated with virtually all risk factors. After
      adjustment for body mass index, most fitness-risk factor associations were no
      longer significant. Seven-day caloric expenditure was significantly correlated
      with HDL/LDL only in female adults and children. The activity rating was
      significantly correlated with body mass index in all subgroups and with HDL/LDL
      in female adults and male adults. The simple activity rating tended to be
      correlated with fitness. The pattern of association was similar for adults and
      children.

PMID- 3358414
TI  - Blood pressure and blood lead in surveys in Wales.
AB  - The association between blood pressure and blood lead level was examined in two
      population surveys in Wales. In a survey of 1,721 male and female subjects
      throughout the principality, there was evidence of a marked relation of blood
      pressure with age, but when this was removed no residual association with blood
      lead remained. In a survey of 1,164 older men in Caerphilly, there was no
      evidence of an association between blood lead and either resting blood pressure
      or the rise in blood pressure during a cold pressor test.

PMID- 3358415
TI  - Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive adolescent children of
      hypertensive and normotensive parents.
AB  - Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements were obtained during
      usual daily activities from two groups of normotensive adolescents: Cases had at
      least one hypertensive parent, and controls had both parents normotensive.
      Automatic measurements were programmed at 7.5-minute intervals. For each subject,
      within each of three time periods, the data were summarized by descriptors of the
      frequency distribution and the frequency spectrum. The time periods were sleep,
      school hours, and other waking hours. Regression analyses examined the relation
      between the blood pressure monitoring descriptors and case-control status
      adjusted for non-blood-pressure variables found to relate to case-control status.
      In stepwise logistic regression analysis with case-control status as the
      dependent variable, it was found that the mean level of diastolic pressure during
      school hours was significant, whereas the standard resting measurement was not.
      In linear regression analyses with blood pressure monitoring descriptors and
      standard resting measurements as dependent variables, several monitoring
      descriptors were found to be significantly related to the interaction between
      case-control status and certain variables that can affect blood pressure, such as
      weight and the presumed stress of school; no such relations were found for the
      standard resting measurements. These findings demonstrate the superiority of the
      ambulatory monitoring variables over the standard resting measurements in
      studying case-control differences.

PMID- 3358417
TI  - Menopause and ovarian cancer.
AB  - Using data from a study of 296 patients diagnosed in greater Washington, D.C.,
      from 1978 to 1981 with primary epithelial ovarian cancer and 343 patients
      hospitalized for other conditions, the authors estimated the rate ratios
      according to various characteristics of the menopause. Menopause induced by
      hysterectomy with preservation of both ovaries was associated with a 30 per cent
      reduction in risk of later development of ovarian cancer. Age at natural
      menopause was not consistently related to risk. Women who used menopausal
      estrogens showed a 40 per cent decreased risk.

PMID- 3358416
TI  - Radioactive iodine therapy and breast cancer. A follow-up study of hyperthyroid
      women.
AB  - A follow-up study of 1,762 hyperthyroid women who were treated at the
      Massachusetts General Hospital Thyroid Unit between 1946 and 1964 was conducted.
      The average length of follow-up was 17.2 years. A 1978 mailing address or a death
      certificate was located for 92% of the women, and 88% of 1,058 living patients
      responded to a mail questionnaire. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all
      causes of death was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-1.4). The standardized
      mortality ratios for all malignant neoplasms and for breast cancer were 0.9 (95%
      CI 0.7-1.1) and 1.3 (95% CI 0.8-1.9), respectively. More deaths than expected
      were observed from endocrine and metabolic diseases (SMR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.7),
      circulatory system diseases (SMR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.6), and respiratory system
      diseases (SMR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.6). The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for
      all malignant neoplasms and for breast cancer were 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.1) and 1.2
      (95% CI 0.9-1.5), respectively. A nonsignificant excess breast cancer risk was
      observed 10 years after the onset of thyroid symptoms and was present at the end
      of 30 years of observation. A statistically significant excess number of
      pancreatic cancer cases (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.7) and a nonsignificant excess
      of brain cancer cases (SIR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.7-5.3) were observed. Eighty per cent
      of the women were treated with radioactive iodine. When age at treatment and year
      of treatment were controlled, women who were ever treated with radioactive iodine
      had a standardized rate ratio for breast cancer of 1.9 (95% CI 0.9-4.1), compared
      with those who were never treated with radioactive iodine. Women who developed
      hypothyroidism as a result of their treatment for hyperthyroidism did not have an
      increased risk of developing breast cancer (SIR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.6).

PMID- 3358418
TI  - Diet and prostatic cancer: a case-control study in Hawaii.
AB  - A total of 452 cases of prostatic cancer identified through the population-based
      Hawaii Tumor Registry during the period 1977-1983 and 899 age-matched population
      controls were interviewed on the island of Oahu from 1981 to 1983. All interviews
      of the subjects, who comprised five different ethnic groups, were conducted in
      the home by use of a quantitative dietary history method. Usual weekly intake of
      fat, zinc, and vitamins A and C, including supplements, was determined for each
      subject. Among men 70 years or older, but not among younger men, and mean weekly
      consumption of saturated fat, carotenes, and zinc, adjusted for age and
      ethnicity, was greater for cases than for controls. In a multiple logistic
      regression analysis, the odds ratio for the highest quartile of fat intake among
      the older men was 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.8). The corresponding
      odds ratios were 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5) for carotenes, 1.4 (95% CI 0.9-2.3) for
      total vitamin C, and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.7) for total zinc. There were significant
      linear trends in the odds ratios for saturated fat and zinc, but no synergistic
      interactions among the nutrients. The findings suggest that several different
      components of the diet may contribute independently to the risk of prostatic
      cancer in elderly men.

PMID- 3358419
TI  - Search for mutations altering protein charge and/or function in children of
      atomic bomb survivors: final report.
AB  - A sample of (1) children whose parents had been proximally exposed (i.e., less
      than 2,000 m from the hypocenter) at the time of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima
      and Nagasaki and (2) a suitable comparison group have been examined for the
      occurrence of mutations altering the electrophoretic mobility or activity of a
      series of 30 proteins. The examination of the equivalent of 667,404 locus
      products in the children of proximally exposed persons yielded three mutations
      altering electrophoretic mobility; the corresponding figure for the comparison
      group was three mutations in 466,881 tests. The examination of a subset of 60,529
      locus products for loss of enzyme activity in the children of proximally exposed
      persons yielded one mutation; no mutations were encountered in 61,741
      determinations on the children of the comparison group. When these two series are
      compared, the mutation rate observed in the children of proximally exposed
      persons is thus 0.60 x 10(-5)/locus/generation, with 95% confidence intervals
      between 0.2 and 1.5 x 10(-5), and that in the comparison children is 0.64 x 10(
      5)/locus/generation, with 95% intervals between 0.1 and 1.9 x 10(-5). The average
      conjoint gonad doses for the proximally exposed parents are estimated to be 0.437
      Gy of gamma radiation and 0.002 Gy of neutron radiation. If a relative biological
      effectiveness of 20 is assigned to the neutron radiation, the combined total
      gonad dose for the parents becomes 0.477 Sv. (Organ absorbed doses are expressed
      in gray [1 Gy = 100 rad]; where dose is a mixture of gamma and neutron radiation,
      it is necessary because of the differing relative biological effectiveness of
      gamma and neutron radiation to express the combined gamma-neutron gonad exposures
      in sieverts [1 Sv = 100 rem]).

PMID- 3358420
TI  - Genetic disorders in children and young adults: a population study.
AB  - The data base of an ongoing population-based registry with multiple sources of
      ascertainment was used to estimate the present population load from genetic
      disease in more than 1 million consecutive live births. It was found that, before
      approximately age 25 years, greater than or equal to 53/1,000 live-born
      individuals can be expected to have diseases with an important genetic component.
      This total was composed of single-gene disorders (3.6/1,000), consisting of
      autosomal dominant (1.4/1,000), autosomal recessive (1.7/1,000), and X-linked
      recessive disorders (0.5/1,000). Chromosomal anomalies accounted for 1.8/1,000,
      multifactorial disorders (including those present at birth and those of onset
      before age 25 years) accounted for 46.4/1,000, and cases of genetic etiology in
      which the precise mechanism was not identified accounted for 1.2/1,000. Previous
      studies have usually considered all congenital anomalies (ICD 740-759) as part of
      the genetic load, but only those judged to fit into one of the above categories
      were included in the present study. Data for congenital anomalies are therefore
      also presented separately, to facilitate comparison with earlier studies. If all
      congenital anomalies are considered as part of the genetic load, then greater
      than or equal to 79/1,000 live-born individuals have been identified as having
      one or other genetic disorder before approximately age 25 years. These new data
      represent a better estimate of the genetic load in the population than do
      previous studies.

PMID- 3358421
TI  - A common fragile site at Xq27: theoretical and practical implications.
AB  - The fragile site at Xq27 (FRAXA) is associated with a common form of X-linked
      mental retardation (Martin-Bell syndrome). It is induced in culture by conditions
      of thymidylate stress and is generally considered a rare fragile site found only
      in association with an X-linked form of mental retardation. Using a somatic cell
      hybrid system, we previously demonstrated that fragile-X expression can be
      induced by thymidylate stress in normal X chromosomes at low levels (4%-5%). In
      the present report, significantly higher levels of fragile-X expression (6%-28%)
      have been induced in lymphocytes or lymphoblasts of all seven control males using
      high doses of aphidicolin (1.5 microM). Similar high levels of expression (10%
      12%) were observed in both of two normal male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
      These data demonstrate that Xq27 contains a common fragile site (FRAXD) that is
      ancestral to the divergence of man and the chimpanzee. Presence of a common and a
      rare fragile site in the same metaphase chromosome band does not prove that they
      are identical and may, in fact, represent two unrelated fragile sites. However,
      the possibility exists that the common fragile site at Xq27 may be the substrate
      for unequal recombination events that produces the rare fragile site associated
      with Martin-Bell syndrome. In addition, presence of a common fragile site at Xq27
      may explain the occasional observation of low-frequency fragile-X expression in
      normal control individuals. Caution is therefore warranted in the interpretation
      of low-level fragile-X expression in diagnostic and prenatal diagnostic settings.

PMID- 3358422
TI  - Localization of the McLeod locus (XK) within Xp21 by deletion analysis.
AB  - The McLeod phenotype is an X-linked, recessive disorder in which the red blood
      cells demonstrate acanthocytic morphology and weakened antigenicity in the Kell
      blood group system. The phenotype is associated with a reduction of in vivo red
      cell survival, but the permanent hemolytic state is usually compensated by
      erythropoietic hyperplasia. The McLeod phenotype is accompanied by either a
      subclinical myopathy and elevated creatine kinase (CK) or X-linked chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD). Seven males with the McLeod red-blood-cell phenotype
      and associated myopathy but not CGD, one male with the McLeod phenotype
      associated with CGD, and two males known to possess large deletions of the
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus were studied. DNA isolated from each
      patient was screened for the presence or absence of various cloned sequences
      located in the Xp21 region of the human X chromosome. Two of the seven males who
      have only the McLeod phenotype and are cousins exhibit deletions for four Xp21
      cloned fragments but are not deleted for any portion of either the CGD or the DMD
      loci. Comparison of the cloned segments absent from these two McLeod cousins with
      those absent from the two DMD boys and the CGD/McLeod patient leads to the
      submapping of various cloned DNA segments within the Xp21 region. The results
      place the locus for the McLeod phenotype within a 500-kb interval distal from the
      CGD locus toward the DMD locus.

PMID- 3358424
TI  - Clonal evolution in human lymphoblast cultures.
AB  - We established lymphoblast cultures from normal females heterozygous for
      electrophoretic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and the X
      linked markers have permitted us to look at evolution of these cell populations
      in culture. The established cultures were phenotypically heterozygous at onset,
      having both of the mosaic cell populations resulting from X chromosome
      inactivation. However, by the tenth subculture, the population of cells no longer
      reflected the heterozygous genotype in 50% of the cultures, as only a single G6PD
      isozyme was expressed. The ultimate cell composition seems to be influenced by
      the initial composition, by the nature of alleles at heterozygous X-linked loci
      that may provide a growth advantage (or disadvantage), as well as by stochastic
      events. Our results show that lymphoblast cultures may not reflect the X-linked
      phenotype of the cells from which they were derived. The fate of such cultures
      seems to be evolution toward clonal cell populations.

PMID- 3358423
TI  - Resolution of a missense mutant in human genomic DNA by denaturing gradient gel
      electrophoresis and direct sequencing using in vitro DNA amplification: HPRT
      Munich.
AB  - The combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and in vitro
      DNA amplification has allowed us to (1) localize a DNA mutation to a given 100-bp
      region of the human genome and (2) rapidly sequence the DNA without cloning. DGGE
      showed that a mutation had occurred, but the technique revealed little about the
      nature or position of that mutation. The region of the genome containing the
      mutation was amplified by the polymerase chain-reaction technique, providing DNA
      of sufficient quality and quantity for direct sequencing. Amplification was
      performed with a 32P end-labeled primer that allowed direct Maxam-Gilbert
      sequencing of the amplified product without cloning. HPRTMunich was found to
      contain a single-base-pair substitution, a C-to-A transversion at base-pair
      position 397. We report the generation of a 169-bp, wild-type DNA probe that
      encompasses most of exon 3 of the human hypoxanthine guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene and contains a low-temperature melting
      domain of approximately 100 bp. HPRTMunich, an HPRT mutant isolated from a
      patient with gout, has a single amino acid substitution; the corresponding DNA
      sequence alteration must lie within the low-temperature melting domain of exon 3.
      We report the separation of HPRTMunich from the wild-type sequence using DGGE. In
      addition to base-pair substitutions, DGGE is also sensitive to the methylation
      state of the molecule. The cDNA for HPRT was cloned into a vector and propagated
      in Escherichia coli dam+ and dam- strains; thus, methylated and unmethylated HPRT
      cDNA was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358425
TI  - The role of major gene in clubfoot.
AB  - The roles of major gene and multifactorial inheritance in the etiology of
      clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) were studied using Caucasian clubfoot families
      ascertained in Indiana. The method of analysis used was complex segregation
      analysis under the mixed model, in which five genetic parameters were examined to
      test hypotheses on major gene by displacement (t), degree of dominance (d), gene
      frequency (q), transmission probability (tau2), and multifactorial inheritance by
      heritability (H). The analysis showed that the segregation pattern of clubfoot in
      these families is best explained by assuming the action of a major gene with
      additional contribution of multifactorial inheritance. The estimates of the
      parameters under the best-fitting model were d = .82, t = 4.69, q = .030, tau2 =
      .50, and H = .17.

PMID- 3358426
TI  - The use of field-inversion gel electrophoresis for deletion detection in Duchenne
      muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Deletion is a common cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Field-inversion
      gel electrophoresis, in conjunction with Southern blot hybridization, was used to
      detect large SfiI DNA fragments in the DMD locus. Two unrelated boys with DMD
      were found to have abnormal sized DNA fragments resulting from deletions. Some of
      the female relatives of these patients were also shown by this method to have
      deletions in the DMD locus.

PMID- 3358427
TI  - DNA banking and DNA analysis: points to consider. Ad Hoc Committee on DNA
      Technology, American Society of Human Genetics.

PMID- 3358428
TI  - Microbial keratitis associated with contaminated ocular medications.
AB  - We studied seven cases of severe gram-negative microbial keratitis associated
      with the use of contaminated topical ocular medications. Five cases involved
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one involved Serratia marcescens, and one involved
      Proteus mirabilis. In each case the same organism was cultured from corneal
      scrapings and from the medication. Either prednisolone acetate (one case) or
      timolol maleate (seven cases) was implicated in all instances.

PMID- 3358429
TI  - Vitrectomy for impending idiopathic macular holes.
AB  - We performed pars plana vitrectomy in 15 patients with physical changes and
      visual loss believed to indicate impending macular hole formation. Twelve (80%)
      of 15 eyes have not progressed to macular holes during a minimum follow-up period
      of 15 months (average, 26 months). In these 12 patients final vision was within
      one line of the preoperative vision in four eyes, improved two or more lines in
      five eyes, and was two lines worse in three eyes. Decreased vision in all three
      eyes was the result of progressive lenticular nuclear sclerosis. A thin sheet of
      cortical vitreous fibers was sometimes found intraoperatively on the surface of
      the retina, despite an apparent complete posterior vitreous detachment.

PMID- 3358430
TI  - Peripheral retinal cryopexy for subtotal vitreous hemorrhage.
AB  - We used peripheral retinal cryopexy to treat 20 eyes in 15 patients with subtotal
      vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In 18 eyes,
      complete panretinal photocoagulation had been performed before the subtotal
      vitreous hemorrhage and the subsequent cryopexy. The length of follow-up averaged
      16 months. The vitreous hemorrhage completely cleared in 11 eyes (55%) and
      partially cleared in six eyes (30%). Visual acuity after treatment improved in 13
      eyes (65%), remained unchanged in six eyes (30%), and decreased in one eye (5%).

PMID- 3358431
TI  - Effects of argon laser iridotomy on the corneal endothelium.
AB  - We studied 14 eyes of 14 patients undergoing argon laser peripheral iridotomy for
      occludable (narrow) anterior chamber angles. Preoperative and postoperative
      pachymetry and corneal endothelial cell counts by specular microscopy were
      obtained centrally and in both the treated and nontreated superior quadrants. No
      significant differences were found between preoperative and postoperative
      measurements of corneal thickness and endothelial cell counts in any area.

PMID- 3358432
TI  - Irregular pupil cycling as a characteristic abnormality in patients with
      demyelinative optic neuropathy.
AB  - We used an infrared videopupillometer combined with an electronic circuit that
      regulated the retinal light level as a function of pupil area to assess the
      regularity of pupil cycling in normal subjects and in patients with known
      abnormalities in the pupil light reflex pathways. The light stimulus was turned
      on whenever pupil area exceeded a preset value. Two types of abnormalities were
      observed for patients with demyelinative optic neuropathy: a failure of the pupil
      to cycle despite a preserved pupillary response to a single light pulse; and, for
      those patients in whom cycling was possible, a characteristic intermittent
      irregularity in the amplitude of pupil cycling. These abnormalities were not seen
      in normal subjects or in patients with ischemic optic neuropathy, surgical
      lesions involving the optic chiasm, Adie's syndrome, or Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 3358433
TI  - Effects of yellow filter glasses on the results of photopic and scotopic
      photometry.
AB  - I measured the luminosity of a white surface with seven different yellow filter
      glasses and a photometer with two different sensitivities, which resembled the
      photopic and scotopic sensitivity of a Commission Internationale d'Eclairage
      standard observer. When measured with filters GG 400, GG 420, GG 435, and GG 455,
      there was a small and almost equal reduction in the relative photopic and
      scotopic luminosities. Measured with filters GG 475, GG 495, and OG 515, there
      was a more marked reduction in the scotopic luminosities than in the photopic
      luminosities.

PMID- 3358434
TI  - The blood-aqueous and blood-brain barriers to permeability.

PMID- 3358435
TI  - Bilateral macular holes after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

PMID- 3358436
TI  - Venous stasis retinopathy and Gaisbock's syndrome.

PMID- 3358438
TI  - Propionibacterium acnes lens abscess after traumatic implantation of
      intralenticular cilia.

PMID- 3358437
TI  - Presumed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with bilateral serous
      retinal detachments.

PMID- 3358439
TI  - A complication from alcohol-swabbed tonometer tips.

PMID- 3358440
TI  - Anaerobic Capnocytophaga corneal ulcer.

PMID- 3358441
TI  - Pupillary testing using the direct ophthalmoscope.

PMID- 3358442
TI  - Optic nerve swelling secondary to the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

PMID- 3358443
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

PMID- 3358445
TI  - A randomized study of 5-fluorouracil and filtration surgery.

PMID- 3358444
TI  - Eyelid phimosis and chronic radiation dermatitis associated with iridium
      brachytherapy.

PMID- 3358446
TI  - The effect of twice daily nadolol on intraocular pressure.

PMID- 3358447
TI  - A double-masked study of timolol and pilocarpine combined.

PMID- 3358448
TI  - Pyogenic granuloma on a dermis fat graft in acquired anophthalmic orbits.

PMID- 3358449
TI  - Incidence of granulomatous lesions in postmortem conjunctival biopsy specimens.

PMID- 3358450
TI  - Inducible collagenolytic activity in isolated perfused rat hearts.
AB  - There is an extensive collagen network in the heart. The precise anatomy and
      function of this system has not been fully elucidated. The system does appear to
      contribute to diastolic compliance, and evidence indicates that the system may be
      important in directing the stress generated by sarcomeres to the ventricular
      cavity. Little is known about the mechanisms controlling collagen deposition and
      resorption in the heart. In this paper the authors demonstrate that disulfide
      reagents are capable of inducing a collagenolytic reaction in the isolated
      perfused heart that removes all components of the collagen matrix of the heart as
      visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The expression of collagenolytic
      activity requires perfusion of the heart for 1 hour with a disulfide reagent
      followed by 2 hours with Krebs-Hensleit alone. These results suggest that an
      inducible and active collagenolytic system exists in cardiac tissue and that this
      system may be expressed under conditions of oxidative stress.

PMID- 3358451
TI  - Alveolar macrophage procoagulant activity is increased in acute hyperoxic lung
      injury.
AB  - Alveolar macrophage accumulation and interstitial fibrin deposition are prominent
      in adult respiratory distress syndrome and chronic interstitial lung diseases.
      The role of alveolar macrophages in the initiation of fibrin deposition and lung
      injury in these diseases is uncertain. Expression of procoagulant activity by
      these cells may provide evidence of macrophage activation and involvement in the
      initiation of lung fibrin deposition. An experimental model of hyperoxia-induced
      lung injury in rats was studied for assessment of the relationship of lung
      injury, fibrin deposition, and alveolar macrophage procoagulant activity. Lung
      injury was assessed histologically and functionally, and the accumulation of
      inflammatory cells was quantified by bronchoalveolar lavage. Pulmonary injury,
      manifested by increased capillary permeability, developed progressively during
      exposure to hyperoxia and was associated with significant augmentation of the
      procoagulant activity of alveolar macrophages early in the disease. This increase
      preceded the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Alveolar macrophage
      procoagulant activity had functional characteristics consistent with tissue
      factor. These studies provide evidence of early alveolar macrophage activation in
      acute hyperoxic lung injury in rats and suggest a role for procoagulant activity
      in the development of interstitial fibrin deposition.

PMID- 3358452
TI  - The morphologic effects of synthetic reproductive steroids on the mammary gland
      of rhesus monkeys. Mestranol, ethynerone, mestranol-ethynerone, chloroethynyl
      norgestrel-mestranol, and anagestone acetate-mestranol combinations.
AB  - A total of 213 treated and 16 control monkeys comprising 12 experimental groups
      was evaluated for determination of the long-term (10 years) effects of various
      dosages of a variety of synthetic oral contraceptive steroids on the mammary
      glands of rhesus monkeys. The steroid hormones included mestranol, ethynerone, a
      combination of mestranol and ethynerone, chlorethynyl norgestrel plus mestranol,
      and anagestone acetate plus mestranol. Various degrees of physiologic lobular
      hyperplasia and lactational changes were observed in association with all of
      these steroid hormones; these changes appeared dose-dependent. Mestranol caused a
      proliferative atypia ranging from a minimal to a moderate degree in 8 of 34 (23%)
      animals, but it was not dose-related. Eleven of 15 monkeys (73%) administered
      ethynerone developed proliferative atypia, ranging in degree from minimal to
      severe, including one invasive carcinoma and 2 lesions resembling intraductal
      carcinoma in the human. The mestranol and ethynerone combination produced a
      proliferative atypia in 22 of 52 animals (42%), including five identical to
      intraductal carcinoma in the human and one identical to lobular neoplasia. Of the
      40 monkeys administered anagestone acetate and mestranol, 20 (50%) developed
      proliferative atypias; the atypias ranged from mild to severe and included five
      resembling intraductal carcinoma in human breast. The chloroethynyl norgestrel
      and mestranol combination induced proliferative atypia in 25 of 52 monkeys (49%);
      six of these atypias were severe and indistinguishable from intraductal carcinoma
      of the human breast; and one, if in the human breast, would reflect a solid
      variant of an invasive carcinoma. Only 2 of the 16 control monkeys (12%)
      developed proliferative atypias, and these were of minimal to mild degree. The
      occurrence of severe degrees of atypia identical to intraductal carcinoma in the
      human breast and invasive carcinoma associated with hormone administration
      suggests a carcinogenic effect.

PMID- 3358453
TI  - Ultrastructural quantitation of peroxidase- and elastase-containing granules in
      human neutrophils.
AB  - Previous ultrastructural studies of human neutrophils showed two distinctive
      granule types, the azurophil (peroxidase-positive) and the specific (peroxidase
      negative). By identification of granules with peroxidase activity and those
      immunopositive for elastase antigen, the authors defined two subpopulations of
      azurophil granules, one that contained peroxidase activity and no measurable
      elastase antigen and another that contained elastase antigen associated with a
      small amount of peroxidase activity. They quantitated the peroxidase-positive as
      well as the elastase-positive granules in human peripheral blood neutrophils and
      found an average of 1536 +/- 69 peroxidase-positive granules per neutrophil. Of
      these, 399 +/- 20 were also elastase-positive. The average elastase concentration
      per neutrophil was 1.59 pg, and the average concentration per granule was 4 X 10(
      3) pg. It is concluded that in normal individuals approximately one-third of the
      azurophil granules contain elastase antigen. Because neutrophil elastase has been
      implicated in the pathogenesis of emphysema, quantitation of its distribution
      within the cell presents an approach that may help define selective azurophil
      granule release and its relationship to the development of emphysema.

PMID- 3358454
TI  - Potentiation of ethanol-induced pancreatic injury by dietary fat. Induction of
      chronic pancreatitis by alcohol in rats.
AB  - Effects of sustained ethanol intoxication and dietary fat content on pancreatic
      morphology were investigated in the rat model implanted with gastrostomy
      catheters, which permitted continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol plus
      liquid diet containing one of three levels of corn oil: 5% (low-fat), 25% (high
      fat), and 35% (extra-high-fat) of total calories. After various durations of
      infusion ranging from 30 to 160 days, the pancreatic histology was examined. Mean
      blood alcohol levels achieved in the low, high, and extra-high fat diet groups
      were similarly high: 210 +/- 120, 224 +/- 122, and 289 +/- 110 mg/dl. The average
      weight gain of these ethanol-fed groups during the first 8 weeks of experiments
      was 15.4 +/- 1.9, 19.6 +/- 8.0, and 14.9 +/- 5.2 g/wk, respectively, and was not
      statistically different from that of pair-fed controls infused with isocaloric
      amount of dextrose and respective diet, nor from that of age-matched animals
      given the regular chow. None of control animals showed abnormal pancreatic
      morphologic features except occasional mild steatosis in those fed the extra-high
      fat diet. With the low dietary intake of unsaturated fat, chronic ethanol
      intoxication produced only mild pancreatic pathology such as steatosis and
      interstitial edema. Administration of ethanol and the high-fat and extra-high-fat
      diets caused hypogranulation and apoptosis of acinar cells. Focal lesions of
      chronic pancreatitis were also observed in 20% or 30% of ethanol-fed animals
      given the high-fat or extra-high-fat diet. These lesions were characterized by
      fat necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrosis, acinar atrophy, ductal
      dilatation, and intraductal mucious or proteinacious plugs. The incidence of
      focal acute pancreatitis was less (7-20%) but appeared increased with higher
      dietary fat content. Induction of either acute or chronic pancreatitis was not
      correlated with plasma levels of triglycerides or cholesterol. These results
      demonstrate potentiation by dietary unsaturated fat of ethanol-induced pancreatic
      injury. This model possesses many features analogous to those seen in alcoholic
      pancreatic injury in man. The hyperlipidemia does not appear to be an important
      pathogenetic factor for ethanol-induced pancreatitis produced in this model.

PMID- 3358455
TI  - Two variants of nephrosclerosis separately related to age and blood pressure.
AB  - Two variants of nephrosclerosis, roughly corresponding to the arterial and the
      arteriolar forms, have been examined in a series of autopsy kidneys by five
      observers using quantitative morphometry. These two variants are both marked by
      fibroplastic intimal thickening and medial wastage in the arteries, but one of
      these affects vessels of sizes that are closer to the heart, whereas the other
      affects sizes that are more remote from the source of arterial pressure. Both
      types of nephrosclerosis were found to increase with aging in subjects without
      hypertension. Each year of aging added 0.15 units of intimal thickening to the
      close vessels and 0.11 to the remote vessels. Each millimeter of mercury of
      elevated blood pressure was equivalent to 1 year of aging in the close and 2
      years in the remote levels of the arterial tree. The four variables, age, blood
      pressure, remote level intimal thickness, and close level intimal thickness, were
      found to hold complex curvilinear interrelationships when examined by regression
      analysis. A dynamic model was suggested by the following findings: The earliest
      changes shown by young normotensives are in the close vessels, possibly because
      of the aging effect of the normal pulse wave. Later, the changes extend into the
      remote level, perhaps because the thickened intima is rigid and propagates the
      pulse wave abnormally far into the smallest arteries. Hypertension could then be
      viewed either as a cause for an exaggeration of this normal process or as a
      consequence of its extension into the remote level vessels where resistance to
      blood flow is greater or both. The objective morphometric method showed good
      agreement in the findings by independent observers and is considered to be
      suitable for epidemiologic studies of nephrosclerosis.

PMID- 3358456
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against human airway secretions. Localization and
      characterization of antigens.
AB  - Cellular mechanisms of normal airway mucus secretion and their alterations in
      chronic obstructive lung disease are poorly understood. To aid in their study,
      the authors have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against
      various constituents of human airway secretions. Two fusions yielded 401
      hybridoma-containing cultures. Supernatants from 150 of these cultures stained
      human tracheal secretory cells by immunofluorescence. Twenty-nine hybridomas were
      selected for expansion because they selectively stained a single cell type or
      displayed another interesting distribution. Antigens were further characterized
      by their localization in glycol methacrylate sections of human trachea,
      sensitivity to periodate oxidations, selective affinity for fraction peaks
      obtained by Sepharose 4B chromatography, and reactivity with molecules of various
      sizes, as estimated by SDS-PAGE. These antibodies will be useful for 1)
      quantitative detection of antigens in sputum or lavage samples by immunoassay and
      2) purification and biochemical characterization of molecular constituents of
      airway secretions in health and disease.

PMID- 3358457
TI  - The twitcher mouse. An alteration of the unmyelinated fibers in the PNS.
AB  - The twitcher is an authentic murine model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) in
      man. Extensive demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS
      and PNS) characterizes the neuropathologic features of GLD. In the common
      peroneal nerve of the twitcher, where demyelination was extensive, pronounced
      morphologic and quantitative alterations were noted in the unmyelinated fibers.
      They were 1) a large number of long and attenuated cellular processes of Schwann
      cells, which often enclosed only one or two axons; and 2) a threefold increase in
      the number of Schwann cell-axon units with reduced numbers of axons per unit.
      These results suggested increased branching of unmyelinated Schwann cells. Mild
      increase in unmyelinated fibers and mild decrease in myelinated fibers were
      additional features. In contrast, the sympathetic nerve trunk, which had only
      small numbers of myelinated and rare or no demyelinated fibers, showed much
      milder alterations in the unmyelinated fibers. Thus, the results of our study
      suggest that the alterations of the Schwann cells of the unmyelinated fibers in
      the twitcher are secondary to or in association with the chronic demyelinating
      process.

PMID- 3358458
TI  - Rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The precise cellular origin of the malignant cell population in Hodgkin's disease
      (HD) is unknown. Recent application of Southern blotting techniques to detect
      clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes has
      yielded conflicting results. The authors report the detailed analysis of tumor
      tissue DNA obtained from 18 cases of HD using Ig and TCR gene probes. The
      distribution of HD subtypes was similar to that in other series. Samples were
      examined for rearrangement by means of multiple restriction enzymes with specific
      probes for the Ig heavy chain, Ig kappa, Ig lambda, TCR beta, and TCR gamma loci.
      Only germline bands were detected in all 18 cases with the Ig gene probes and in
      15 of 18 cases with the TCR probes. In 2 cases blot analysis suggested a
      predominance of polyclonal (or oligoclonal) T cells. In 1 case monoclonal
      rearrangement of the TCR beta gene was detected. Based on the intensity of the
      rearrangement and the small percentage of Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells in this
      case, the clonal population detected was most likely not the R-S cell itself. The
      data do not support the frequent occurrence of Ig or TCR monoclonal gene
      rearrangement in HD.

PMID- 3358459
TI  - Short-lasting accumulation in osteoid bone seams of radioactive iron injected as
      citrate into mice.
AB  - The possible role in vivo of osseous structures in binding radioactive iron
      injected as a low-molecular-weight complex was studied in mice, using combined
      autoradiography and histomorphometry on sections of undecalcified, plastic
      embedded femur epiphyses/metaphyses. A single intraperitoneal injection of 10
      microCi 59Fe (1.2 micrograms Fe) per animal as citrate within 3 hours led to a
      preferential accumulation of this metal in the osteoid mineralized tissue
      interphase (osteoid seams) of bone. Within the next 2 days the labeling intensity
      in this localization diminished markedly to approximate levels of the bone marrow
      and calcified bone. The bulk of the injected radioiron was utilized according to
      known erythrokinetics. Findings suggest a direct entry of "free," ie, not
      transferrin-bound, iron into osteoid seams and its consecutive rapid removal from
      this site.

PMID- 3358461
TI  - Personality disorders in DSM-III and DSM-III-R: convergence, coverage, and
      internal consistency.
AB  - Although many sections of DSM-III-R reflect few changes from DSM-III, the
      diagnostic criteria for the personality disorders involve more substantial
      revisions. This study examined the impact of DSM-III-R revisions in terms of
      convergence with DSM-III, the diagnostic coverage of patients with personality
      disorders, and the internal consistency of the personality disorder criteria
      sets. The results demonstrated a substantial divergence between DSM-III and DSM
      III-R diagnoses, increased coverage accompanied by a large increase in overlap
      among personality disorders, and internal consistency estimates of DSM-III-R
      criterion sets comparable to those in DSM-III.

PMID- 3358460
TI  - The response of the rat tracheal epithelium to ozone exposure. Injury,
      adaptation, and repair.
AB  - Although acute ozone (O3) exposure injures tracheal epithelium, the response of
      the tracheal epithelium to prolonged O3 exposure, and the degree of repair
      following cessation of exposure have not been previously reported. The purpose of
      this experiment was to characterize the morphologic response of rat tracheal
      epithelium to acute (3 days) and prolonged (60 days) exposure to 0.96 ppm O3 as
      well as to evaluate repair in a 7- and 42-day post-60-day exposure period.
      Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic evaluation and thymidine labeling
      indices showed that after 3 days of O3 exposure there was ciliary damage, cell
      necrosis, an increased density of intermediate cells, and an elevated thymidine
      labeling index. Following 60 days of exposure, the only major change from
      controls was the presence of ciliated cells with uniformly short cilia. Tracheal
      superoxide dismutase levels did not differ between control and 60-day exposure
      groups. Our findings suggest that the tracheal epithelium adapts to prolonged
      ozone exposure with the exception of cilia formation in ciliated cells. Complete
      epithelial recovery occurred by 42 days after exposure.

PMID- 3358462
TI  - Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept.
AB  - The authors provide a rationale for distinguishing the primary, enduring negative
      symptoms of schizophrenia (termed "deficit symptoms") from the more transient
      negative symptoms secondary to other factors. They argue that the former are more
      likely to provide a basis for meaningful subtyping of the schizophrenic syndrome,
      while the latter are more likely to respond to currently available treatments.
      They describe their experience in using clinical judgment based on longitudinal
      observations to identify deficit and nondeficit subtypes of schizophrenic
      patients and propose criteria for defining schizophrenia with the deficit
      syndrome.

PMID- 3358463
TI  - Neuropsychiatric, psychoeducational, and family characteristics of 14 juveniles
      condemned to death in the United States.
AB  - Of the 37 juveniles currently condemned to death in the United States, all of the
      14 incarcerated in four states received comprehensive psychiatric, neurological,
      neuropsychological, and educational evaluations. Nine had major neurological
      impairment, seven suffered psychotic disorders antedating incarceration, seven
      evidenced significant organic dysfunction on neuropsychological testing, and only
      two had full-scale IQ scores above 90. Twelve had been brutally physically
      abused, and five had been sodomized by relatives. For a variety of reasons the
      subjects' vulnerabilities were not recognized at the time of trial or sentencing,
      when they could have been used for purposes of mitigation.

PMID- 3358464
TI  - The psychiatrist as legal guardian.
AB  - Most discussions about legal guardianship pertain to special populations, such as
      the mentally retarded or demented. Except for the case of refusal of
      antipsychotic medication, little has been written about using guardianship to
      authorize nonemergency treatment for a person who is mentally ill and treatable.
      The authors present several cases in which a consulting or administrative
      psychiatrist served as a temporary guardian for a hospitalized patient's personal
      affairs. The psychiatrist-guardian authorized diagnostic procedures or ECT for
      the temporarily incompetent patient and was then discharged as guardian. The
      authors discuss the problems and limitations of such a role for the psychiatrist.

PMID- 3358465
TI  - Psychiatry and the criminal justice system: testing the myths.
AB  - Several states are changing legislation and treatment programs for mentally ill
      offenders without knowing how current laws and programs operate. To address this
      problem the authors linked data from police records, court reports, and clinical
      files for 2,735 psychiatric referrals from the criminal justice system of Alaska
      from 1977 through 1981. They found that only 0.2%-2.0% of all schizophrenic
      persons in the community were arrested for violent crimes each year, accounting
      for 1.1%-2.3% of all arrests for violent crimes; that psychiatrists agreed about
      competency and responsibility in 79% of the cases evaluated by more than one
      clinician; and that a successful insanity defense occurred in 0.1% or less of all
      criminal cases.

PMID- 3358466
TI  - Privatization: economic opportunity and public health.

PMID- 3358467
TI  - Menstrual cycle phase-related changes in appetite in patients with premenstrual
      syndrome and in control subjects.
AB  - Menstrual cycle phase-dependent changes in appetite in women with premenstrual
      syndrome has not thus far been systematically demonstrated. In this study of 21
      patients with premenstrual syndrome and 13 control subjects, there were
      significant increases in appetite in both groups, with a greater effect of
      menstrual cycle phase on appetite in the patients. Further, the premenstrual
      increase in appetite was highly correlated with self-ratings of mood
      (particularly depression) in the patients only. The authors discuss these
      findings with respect to endocrine influences on appetite regulation and
      potential implications for investigation of atypical depression.

PMID- 3358468
TI  - Anxiogenic effects of caffeine on panic and depressed patients.
AB  - Caffeine increases anxiety in people with anxiety disorders. To determine whether
      caffeine exerts a similar effect in depression, the authors compared
      retrospective reports of caffeine intake and symptoms produced by caffeine
      ingestion in patients with panic disorder, patients with major depression, and
      control subjects. Panic patients consumed less caffeine and reported more
      symptoms than depressed or control subjects. Although depressed patients did not
      differ from control subjects in caffeine intake or most symptoms, more depressed
      patients reported that caffeine induced anxiety. These data support prior reports
      that panic patients have increased sensitivity to caffeine; some depressed
      patients may also have increased sensitivity.

PMID- 3358469
TI  - Dystonic reactions to amitriptyline and doxepin.

PMID- 3358470
TI  - Neurocutaneous melanosis and psychosis.

PMID- 3358471
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and parotid enlargement.

PMID- 3358472
TI  - Bowel obsession responsive to clomipramine.

PMID- 3358473
TI  - Reaction to chicken nuggets in a patient taking an MAOI.

PMID- 3358474
TI  - Disulfiram and allergy to rubber.

PMID- 3358475
TI  - REM sleep behavior disorder.

PMID- 3358476
TI  - Psychiatric illness at all stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

PMID- 3358477
TI  - Use of animals in research.

PMID- 3358478
TI  - Haloperidol in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

PMID- 3358479
TI  - Too many psychiatrists?

PMID- 3358480
TI  - Differences among patients with PTSD.

PMID- 3358481
TI  - Seventh International Symposium on Immunology of Reproduction. Varna, Bulgaria,
      May 28-31, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3358482
TI  - Transtracheal stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
AB  - Phonation was induced in 10 mongrel dogs under general anesthesia by way of
      transtracheal stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves under conditions of
      constant air flow. Although stimulation voltages were approximately 10 times the
      voltage required for direct stimulation, no cardiac or respiratory abnormalities
      were observed. Photoglottographic and electroglottographic signals were the same
      for both direct and transtracheally induced phonation. This phonation induction
      method can be used in chronic animal preparations to study vocal fold vibration
      sequentially and may be clinically applied to the treatment of patients with
      laryngeal problems that have failed to respond, or are not amenable, to standard
      forms of vocal rehabilitation.

PMID- 3358483
TI  - The effects of argon lasers on human melanoma cells sensitized with rhodamine-123
      in vitro.
AB  - A human melanoma cell line, M14, was first exposed to a nontoxic dose of
      Rhodamine-123 (1 microgram/ml) for one hour, then subjected to a treatment with a
      single mode argon laser at 514.5 nm. The temperature and energy levels delivered
      to the target cells were determined by a reproducible method of dosimetry. Cell
      viability was assessed by the Trypan Blue exclusion test. Cell duplication and
      DNA synthesis were measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine at 6 and 24
      hours post-treatment. At energy levels and temperatures higher or equal to 950
      J/cm2 (40 degrees C), an immediate suppression of DNA synthesis was accompanied
      by nonviability of the M14 carcinoma cells. At energy levels between 130-900J/cm2
      corresponding to temperatures between 28 to 39 degrees C, both an immediate and
      delayed inhibition of DNA synthesis was noted but the cells remained viable. The
      results indicate that Rhodamine-123 at nontoxic doses of 1 microgram/ml enhances
      the tumoricidal effects of the argon laser at reduced temperatures as low as 40
      degrees C. Furthermore, at physiological temperature ranges as low as 28 to 30
      degrees C, an immediate inhibition of cell duplication was demonstrated while
      cell viability was not affected. These observations suggest that Rhodamine-123
      can be used effectively as a chemosensitizing agent in the treatment of human
      tumor cells with the argon laser at 514.5 nm.

PMID- 3358484
TI  - Treatment of chronic sinusitis with open drainage and cefaclor.
AB  - A prospective study of 50 adult patients with chronic sinusitis was undertaken.
      Forty patients were treated with the Caldwell-Luc operation and postoperative
      cefaclor, and 10 underwent nasal antrostomy and treatment with cefaclor.
      Approximately 85% of the 40 patients had resolution of symptoms with this
      treatment. The microbiology of chronic sinusitis was studied through aerobic and
      anaerobic cultures of sinus secretions obtained at surgery. Staphylococcus aureus
      (coagulase-negative) and Propionibacterium sp were found to be the most common
      pathogens. The radiologic results of Caldwell-Luc surgery were studied through
      comparison of preoperative and postoperative radiographs in 33 of these patients.
      An air-fluid level is the only radiographic sign of consistent diagnostic
      significance in the postoperative radiograph.

PMID- 3358485
TI  - Round window membrane permeability to human serum albumin in antigen-induced
      otitis media.
AB  - The round window membrane (RWM) permeability to human serum albumin (HSA) was
      investigated in both normal chinchillas and chinchillas sensitized with HSA. The
      effect of a corticosteroid agent (triamcinolone) on the RWM permeability was also
      analyzed. It was found that HSA could not be detected in either the perilymph or
      the cerebrospinal fluid of normal chinchillas within 1 hour after instillation
      into the middle ear bulla. Perilymph levels of HSA peaked 24 hours after
      instillation. In antigen-induced otitis media, the HSA level in the perilymph at
      12 hours after challenge was significantly higher than that in normal chinchillas
      (P less than .01), but it did not increase with the development of otitis media.
      A significant difference of HSA level in the perilymph of animals with and
      without steroid treatment was noted (P less than .025 at 24 hours and P less than
      .05 at 48 hours). It is concluded that little HSA passes through the normal RWM
      in a short time and that the RWM permeability to HSA increases in the early stage
      (about 12 hours) of antigen-induced otitis media. Corticosteroids can affect the
      RWM permeability to HSA by reducing the level of antigen-induced otitis media.

PMID- 3358486
TI  - Emerging techniques in biophysical FT-IR.

PMID- 3358487
TI  - Speciation of methyl- and butyltin compounds and inorganic tin in oysters by
      hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3358488
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of pesticide residue mixtures by
      isodifferential derivative spectroscopy.

PMID- 3358489
TI  - Determination of thallium in bovine liver and mouse brains by laser excited
      atomic fluorescence spectrometry in a graphite tube furnace.

PMID- 3358490
TI  - High-resolution multiple-ion simultaneous monitoring by means of multiple
      foldover Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3358491
TI  - International Symposium on Electroanalysis and Sensors in Biomedical,
      Environmental and Industrial Sciences. Cardiff, UK, 6-9 April, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3358492
TI  - Membrane design and photocuring encapsulation of flatpack based ion-sensitive
      field effect transistors.

PMID- 3358493
TI  - Electrochemical reduction of some 1,4-thienodiazepines at a glassy carbon
      electrode.

PMID- 3358494
TI  - Continuous flow determination of low concentrations of ammonium ions using a gas
      dialysis concentrator and a gas electrode detector system.

PMID- 3358495
TI  - Determination of ionic surfactants by flow injection pseudotitration.

PMID- 3358496
TI  - Indirect voltammetric and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of
      caffeine.

PMID- 3358497
TI  - On-line pre-concentration and determination of lead in potable water by flow
      injection atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3358498
TI  - Sensitive spectrophotometric determination of osmium with tin(II) chloride and
      rhodamine B after flotation using cyclohexane.

PMID- 3358499
TI  - Application of 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone as a chromogenic reagent
      for the spectrophotometric determination of certain sulpha drugs.

PMID- 3358500
TI  - Chemiluminescence method for the direct determination of sulphur dioxide.

PMID- 3358501
TI  - Kinetic determination of propranolol in drug formulations.

PMID- 3358502
TI  - Application of a controlled-growth mercury drop electrode to polarography.

PMID- 3358503
TI  - Catalytic determination of iodine in biological materials.

PMID- 3358504
TI  - Acid digestion of marine samples for trace element analysis using microwave
      heating.

PMID- 3358505
TI  - Determination of steroids using rapid high-performance liquid chromatography with
      diode array detection.

PMID- 3358506
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in kidney tissue
      homogenates using valve-switching techniques.

PMID- 3358507
TI  - Extraction-chromatographic separation of beryllium with bis(2
      ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid.

PMID- 3358508
TI  - Rapid ion chromatographic separation and determination of arsenic(III)-arsenic(V)
      and molybdenum(VI)-chromium(VI).

PMID- 3358509
TI  - Simultaneous determination of selected transition metal cations and inorganic
      anions by ion chromatography.

PMID- 3358510
TI  - Selective gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of alcohols in
      ambient air.

PMID- 3358511
TI  - Determination of the fungicide trycyclazole in river water, soil and animal
      samples.

PMID- 3358512
TI  - Determination of microgram amounts of zirconium in geological materials by
      coprecipitation with iron(III) hydroxide and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

PMID- 3358513
TI  - Effect of heating appliance type on Parr bomb temperature response performance.

PMID- 3358514
TI  - Study of the polarographic behaviour of antibiotics. Part II.

PMID- 3358515
TI  - Electrochemical reduction of cefsulodin.

PMID- 3358516
TI  - Evaluation of iridium oxide electrodes formed by potential cycling as pH probes.

PMID- 3358517
TI  - Determination of copper(II) with a carbon paste electrode modified with an ion
      exchange resin.

PMID- 3358518
TI  - Copper(II)-selective electrodes based on macrocyclic polythiaethers.

PMID- 3358519
TI  - Effect of temperature on the response characteristics of ion-selective electrodes
      based on solid silver salts applied to electrically conductive epoxy supports.

PMID- 3358520
TI  - PVC membrane electrodes of anisodamine, N-butylscopolamine and homatropine.

PMID- 3358521
TI  - Guanidinium ion-selective electrodes based on dibenzo-27-crown-9 and
      tetraphenylborate.

PMID- 3358522
TI  - Determination of low sulphide and cyanide levels in biochemical and environmental
      control using a deposited-on-wire Ag-Ag2S electrode.

PMID- 3358523
TI  - Enzyme sensor for the determination of choline-containing phospholipids in some
      biological fluids.

PMID- 3358524
TI  - Chemically immobilized tri-enzyme electrode for the determination of sucrose
      using flow injection analysis.

PMID- 3358526
TI  - Electrochemical detection in the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis
      of plant phenolics.

PMID- 3358525
TI  - Studies on the complexation properties of casein with lead by potentiometric
      stripping analysis.

PMID- 3358527
TI  - Determination of selected phenolic acids in beer extract by liquid chromatography
      with voltammetric-amperometric detection.

PMID- 3358528
TI  - Detection and identification of procyanidins and flavanols in wine by dual
      electrode liquid chromatography-electrochemistry.

PMID- 3358529
TI  - Human macrophages from skin: I. Isolation and culture.
AB  - Coarsely ground Lytta vesicatoria FABRICIUS (meloideae/coleoptera), with a
      cantharidine content of 0.5-1% was dissolved in ethanol and worked into a powdery
      solution. 1-2 cm2 large swabs were dissolved in the tincture, and with the help
      of a Karaya plate and an occlusive dressing was administered to the skin in the
      antebrachii anterior region. This led to a severe inflammation, which after a
      further 10 h was accompanied by pemphigus and vesiculation. The vesicular liquid
      was aspirated, centrifuged, the cells resuspended and coated on a small cover
      glass in a petri-dish and incubated. The human macrophages were kept in a
      moisture-saturated atmosphere with 5% CO2 at a temperature of 37 degrees C. The
      blisters healed quickly and without scaring after a correct dressing of the
      wounds was administered. The safety of this method was thus tested on human
      subjects, at first on the author, and proven successful.

PMID- 3358530
TI  - The volume of the carotid body and periadventitial type 1 and type 2 cells in the
      carotid bifurcation regions of the pregnant and lactating cat.
AB  - The bilateral distribution of carotid body type 1 cells was investigated in 2
      pregnant cats at 95% full term and two lactating cats (2 and 4 d after
      parturition). Carotid body type 1 and 2 cells occurred bilaterally in close
      proximity to the occipital artery or one of its branches in a division of
      connective tissue with defineable but irregular borders. This combination of
      connective tissue and type 1 and 2 cells constituted the principal mass of the
      carotid body, which received its blood from the occipital and/or the ascending
      pharyngeal arteries. Using an interactive image analysis system, the area of the
      carotid body in each serial section was measured by accurately contouring its
      perimeter. The volume of the carotid body was calculated by multiplying the sum
      of the contoured areas of the serial sections by the thickness of the section.
      The volumes for the carotid bodies in pregnant cats ranged between 0.186 and
      0.278 mm3 while the values in lactating animals lay between 0.287 and 0.356 mm3.
      Caudally and separate from the carotid body, isolated groups of periadventitial
      type 1 and 2 cells were found in 5 out of 8 specimens around the
      occipitoascending pharyngeal trunk, origin of the occipital artery, external
      carotid artery and rostral part of the common carotid artery. The volumes of the
      periadventitial type 1 and 2 cells were variable in pregnant and lactating cats.

PMID- 3358532
TI  - Variations in the shape of the superior orbital fissure.
AB  - This paper deals with the variations in the shapes of superior orbital fissures
      in 214 skulls of the Anthropology Museum of the Anatomy Department of GSVM
      Medical College, Kanpur. 9 types of the shapes of the superior orbital fissure
      have been found in the present study.

PMID- 3358531
TI  - The paraganglia within the carotid bifurcation regions of young and old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after exposure to chronic hypobaric
      hypoxia. I. The carotid bodies.
AB  - Carotid body volumes and the histological appearance of these chemoreceptors were
      studied using light microscopic methods in 10 groups of spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR). The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of
      chronic hypobaric hypoxia on the carotid bodies of SHR depending on the age of
      the rats, on the duration of exposure to hypoxia, and on different salt intake,
      respectively different blood pressure. We found that: 1. The carotid bodies of
      chronically hypoxic SHR are enlarged. 2. The degree of carotid body enlargement
      is dependent on the duration of exposure to hypoxia. 3. In old SHR the increase
      of carotid body volume was smaller than in young SHR. 4. Old chronically hypoxic
      SHR exhibited more distinct vascular changes in the carotid bodies than age
      matched normoxic controls as well as younger chronically hypoxic and normoxic
      SHR. 5. The influence of different levels of systemic arterial blood pressure on
      the carotid body volumes was rather small compared with the effects of chronic
      hypobaric hypoxia.

PMID- 3358533
TI  - [Functional morphology of the maxillomandibular apparatus in the mini-Lewe
      minipig. 6. Intramuscular nerve ramifications in the masticatory muscles of adult
      animals].
AB  - The masseter muscle is innervated by branches of 3 nerves. The
      zygomaticomandibular muscle must be regarded as part of the masseter as it is
      supplied by 2 branches of the massetericus nerve. Two branches of the medial
      pterygoid nerve enter the medial pterygoid muscle medially. The lateral pterygoid
      muscle is supplied by the lateral pterygoid nerve, which enters the muscle
      dorsally perpendicular to the muscle fibres. Five branches of the profound
      temporal nerves enter the temporal muscle from the ventral and medial sides. The
      branches of all nerves proceed parallel to each other in the dorsal direction
      towards the origin of the muscle.

PMID- 3358534
TI  - Motor units and functional anatomy of the human musculus opponens digiti minimi.
AB  - The present anatomical investigation showed that, in 4 musculus opponens digiti
      minimi beings studied, we found an average value of 158 motor units and 100
      muscle fibres per motor unit. These data are in accordance with the execution of
      the complex action of the m. opponens as an articular stabilizer.

PMID- 3358535
TI  - A macroscopical study of the trapezius muscle of sharks, with reference to the
      topographically related nerves and vein.
AB  - The truncus intestino-accessorius of the vagus nerve, spino-occipital,
      circumbranchial and, in part, the pectoral spinal nerves of sharks Mustelus
      manazo were macroscopically studied. The morphological features of these nerves
      along their courses in the epibranchial region were virtually entirely
      elucidated. The trapezius muscle of Mustelus sharks, in contrast with that of
      human beings, was found to be supplied solely by rami accessorii--subbranches of
      the truncus intestino-accessorius of the vagus nerve; no evidence indicating the
      direct contribution of the spinal nerves to the innervation of the trapezius were
      obtained. It was also found that the cutaneous branches of the spino-occipital,
      circumbranchial and pectoral spinal nerves were distributed in the skin overlying
      the trapezius and the lateral wall of the branchial basket. Topographical
      relation of the rami accessorii and the branchial branches of the vagus nerve of
      sharks to the vena capitis lateralis revealed a striking similarity to the
      relation of the accessory nerve and the nervus laryngeus superior to the vena
      jugularis interna of human beings. The morphological concept of 'accessory fork'
      (Accessorius-Gabel) proposed by Haller seems to be important in considering the
      hypoglosso-cervical ansa complex, superficial branches of the cervical plexus and
      the vago-accessorius complex, which reminds us more clearly of the embryological
      trace of its branchial origin of the human trapezius.

PMID- 3358536
TI  - Children's asthma: new approaches, new understandings.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to discover how asthmatic children perceive their
      disease in the hope that this information can aid physicians' work with their
      young asthmatic patients. The researcher's intent was to discover children's
      perceptions of asthma through studies of their drawings and their verbalizations
      concerning their disease.

PMID- 3358537
TI  - Recurrent meningitis.

PMID- 3358538
TI  - Brain norepinephrine: a possible role in bronchial asthma.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between neuroendocrine
      function and the beta receptor activity of the lung in a group of 47 pediatric
      patients with bronchial asthma. It is postulated that since hypothalamic
      norepinephrine (NE) is known to inhibit corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), an
      increase in brain NE as measured by its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy
      phenylglycol (MHPG) could reflect the depression of the hypothalamic-pituitary
      adrenal (HPA) axis as measured by urinary cortisol levels. Further, since
      cortisol influences epinephrine formation in the adrenal medulla and since
      cortisol and epinephrine contribute to beta receptor function, it is further
      postulated that an increase in brain NE by depressing the HPA axis could thereby,
      cause a relative decrease in both cortisol and epinephrine with resultant beta
      receptor dysfunction. In both age groups, the 3- to 11-year-olds and the
      adolescents, differences in NE were found among the three subgroups (P = .003)
      with the difference observed only between the wheezing (decreased NE) and control
      groups (P less than .05). There was a similar difference in MHPG (elevated) among
      these groups. In a similar manner, the MHPG/NE ratios (elevated) were
      statistically different in comparing the three groups in the 3- to 11-year-old
      range. In the adolescent group both the wheezing and nonwheezing groups were
      comparably elevated and showed statistically significant differences from their
      controls. The results of this study appear to support the hypothesis and suggests
      that brain NE may play a pivotal role in the beta-adrenergic dysfunction
      characteristic of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 3358539
TI  - Association of asthma and freebase smoking.
AB  - Three patients addicted to cocaine in the form of "freebasing" were treated
      because of asthma. Patient no. 1 had very severe asthma while using the illicit
      drug. Patient no. 2's asthma became severe 2 months after she stopped this form
      of cocaine. Patient no. 3, who had asthma in childhood, developed cough and
      shortness of breath (but not wheezing) when he smoked the freebase but not while
      snorting. Freebasing may cause or contribute to asthma as a nonspecific irritant.

PMID- 3358540
TI  - Chemicals and drugs as triggers of food-associated disorder.

PMID- 3358541
TI  - Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi: bactericidal capacity of neutrophils from
      neonatal and adult horses.
AB  - The capacity of hematogenous polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNL) to
      kill Rhodococcus equi was compared in horses of various ages. A radioisotope
      bactericidal assay was used to determine the capacity of PMNL to kill R equi.
      Assays were conducted on PMNL from horses in 3 groups: group I, 13 foals with a
      mean age of 3.3 days; group II, 10 group-I foals at a mean age of 35.7 days; and
      group III, adult dams of group-I foals. Bacteria were obtained from the lungs of
      a foal with R equi pneumonia and opsonized with fresh adult equine serum that
      contained R equi specific antibody. The mean peak percentage of R equi killed by
      PMNL was 78.9 for group I, 90.1 for group II, and 87.9 for group III. There was
      no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) among groups; however, 15% of
      foals in group I (2 foals) had a mean peak percentage of 30.5 killed, which was
      significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than the percentage for other foals in
      group I. The results of our investigation indicated that the capacity of PMNL to
      kill opsonized R equi is similar in neonatal, young, and adult horses. However,
      some neonatal foals have a substantially lower capacity to kill R equi, which may
      be an important factor in the pathogenesis of R equi infections.

PMID- 3358542
TI  - Serum bile acid analysis in dogs with experimentally induced cholestatic
      jaundice.
AB  - Serum bile acid (SBA) concentration was determined weekly for 4 weeks in dogs
      with experimentally induced hyperbilirubinemic liver disease. Obstructive
      jaundice was created in 6 dogs by surgical ligation of the common bile duct, and
      hepatocellular jaundice was created in 6 sham-operated dogs by administration of
      dimethylnitrosamine; 6 other sham-operated dogs served as controls. Serum bile
      acid concentration increased rapidly after bile duct ligation (from 0.6 +/- 0.1
      to 69.2 +/- 15.3 mumol/L at 3 days), peaked at 14 days (247.8 +/- 54.1 mumol/L),
      and then gradually decreased (179.9 +/- 27.1 mumol/L at 28 days). Serum bile acid
      concentration in dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs increased more gradually to
      38.9 +/- 10.7 mumol/L at 28 days, at which time the serum bilirubin concentration
      was comparable with that of bile duct-ligated dogs. Mean total SBA values in bile
      duct-ligated dogs were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those in
      control and dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs at days 3 through 28, with no
      overlap of individual values. Serum bile acid concentration at day 28 correlated
      positively (P less than 0.01) with cholestasis and bile duct proliferation
      observed in liver biopsy specimens, but did not correlate with necrosis or
      inflammation. Serum bile acid concentration also correlated positively (P less
      than 0.01) with serum bilirubin and cholesterol concentrations and with serum
      alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities. Results of the study
      reported here indicated a relationship between SBA concentration and cholestasis
      in dogs; extrahepatic bile duct obstruction resulted in the highest SBA
      values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358543
TI  - Quantitative buffy coat analysis for hematologic measurements of canine, feline,
      and equine blood samples and for detection of microfilaremia in dogs.
AB  - A quantitative buffy coat (QBC) analysis was evaluated for 175 canine, 125
      feline, and 125 equine blood samples. The method used centrifuged whole blood and
      yielded rapid results expressed as respective band lengths for RBC, granulocytes,
      nongranulocytes, and platelets. Simple regression analysis of band lengths and
      reference laboratory methods yielded correlation coefficients (r) ranging from
      0.72 to 0.99. The PCV, granulocyte count, and total WBC count, as determined by
      the 2 methods, correlated well (r greater than or equal to 0.93 in all cases).
      Platelet and nongranulocyte counts were less well correlated. The QBC system
      provided a means of performing rapid hematologic screening. The principal problem
      encountered was poor separation of the RBC-granulocyte interface in 17% of canine
      samples, which interfered with measurement of band lengths. Evaluation of the QBC
      tube for detection of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaremia revealed 100%
      sensitivity to counts as low as 160 microfilariae/ml of whole blood.

PMID- 3358544
TI  - Comparative albumin determinations in ducks, chickens, and turkeys by
      electrophoretic and dye-binding methods.
AB  - Serum total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations in male ducks, turkeys,
      and chickens were compared, using electrophoretic and dye-binding methods, as
      well as using a bovine and chicken albumin standard. When a chicken standard was
      used for determination of albumin and globulin concentrations by automated
      methods, results were more comparable with results of electrophoresis than were
      those when a bovine standard was used.

PMID- 3358545
TI  - Moderately virulent African swine fever virus infection: blood cell changes and
      infective virus distribution among blood components.
AB  - Blood samples of pigs infected with a moderately virulent African swine fever
      virus (ASFV) isolate, obtained from the Dominican Republic (DR-II), were
      monitored temporally for viremia, infective ASFV association with major blood
      components, differential changes in blood cell composition, and plasma antibodies
      to ASFV. After intranasal/oral virus inoculation, pigs underwent acute infection
      and illness that resolved. Acute illness began on postinoculation day (PID) 4 and
      continued to PID 11, and pigs were febrile, with maximal infective ASFV titers
      detected in blood. By PID 11, initial antibody titers to ASFV antigens were
      detected in plasma. The WBC numbers were maintained near preinoculation counts;
      however, lymphocyte counts decreased slightly with a compensatory increment in
      neutrophil and monocyte numbers. From PID 11 to PID 25, rectal temperatures
      gradually returned to preinoculation values, titers of viremia began to decrease,
      plasma antibody to ASFV antigens increased to peak titers, and WBC numbers
      increased slightly. Percentages of lymphocytes returned to preinoculation values,
      neutrophil percentages decreased to slightly below preinoculation values,
      monocyte percentages were mildly increased, and eosinophil percentages were
      unaffected. From PID 25 to PID 46, titers of viremia further decreased, and
      plasma titers of antibodies to ASFV antigens remained high. In pigs with DR-II
      viremia (PID 4 to PID 46), most viral infectivity (greater than 95%) was RBC
      associated. Plasma contained less than 1% infectivity, and less than 0.1% of
      virus was in the WBC fraction (monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes). After
      PID 46, viremia was no longer detectable.

PMID- 3358546
TI  - Reduction of the ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine by ketamine
      administration in halothane-anesthetized cats.
AB  - The effect of ketamine administration on the ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of
      epinephrine (VADE) was studied in 4 halothane-anesthetized cats. Each cat was
      anesthetized 4 times, 1 week apart, with halothane (end-tidal concentration,
      1.5%) and with halothane (end-tidal concentration, 1.5%) combined with ketamine
      infusion (50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg of body weight/min). Epinephrine was
      infused in progressively increasing doses. The VADE (micrograms/kg) was
      calculated as the product of infusion rate of epinephrine and time of infusion
      necessary to induce 4 or more ventricular premature depolarizations within 15 s.
      The mean (+/- SD) VADE during halothane anesthesia was 1.1 (+/- 0.30)
      micrograms/kg. Ketamine infusion significantly (P less than 0.01) lowered the
      VADE independently of dose. The dose of epinephrine (micrograms/kg) that induced
      an ECG change in P-wave configuration was calculated similarly. Less epinephrine
      was necessary to induce a change in P-wave configuration than was necessary to
      induce 4 or more ventricular premature depolarizations within 15 s. Blood samples
      were collected after 4 hours of ketamine infusion and again immediately after
      determination of the VADE for analysis of plasma ketamine and norketamine
      concentrations by use of gas chromatography. Plasma ketamine and norketamine
      concentrations after a 4-hour infusion and immediately after determination of the
      VADE were similar for any given ketamine infusion rate, indicating that steady
      state plasma concentrations had been reached for each infusion rate. Blood
      pressure and heart rate were measured immediately before (base line) and
      immediately after infusion of the VADE. Ketamine infusion significantly (P less
      than 005) lowered base-line blood pressure, but not heart rate.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358548
TI  - Kidney biopsy: a nonlethal method for diagnosing Yersinia ruckeri infection
      (enteric redmouth disease) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - The sensitivity and specificity of kidney biopsy were 93 and 88%, respectively,
      for detecting Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
      There was no statistically significant difference between results obtained by
      kidney biopsy and those obtained by necropsy, the standard method for isolation
      of this agent from the kidney. One hundred percent of conscious fish that were
      tested survived the procedure.

PMID- 3358547
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in cats.
AB  - Six mixed-breed adult cats were given 5 mg of amikacin sulfate/kg of body weight
      by rapid IV, IM, and SC routes of administration. The serum concentration-vs-time
      data were analyzed, using a noncompartmental model. The harmonic mean +/- pseudo
      SD of the effective half-life of amikacin was 78.8 +/- 19.3 minutes after IV
      administration, 118.7 +/- 14.4 minutes after IM administration, and 117.7 +/-
      12.8 minutes after SC administration. The arithmetic mean +/- SD of mean
      residence time was 118.3 +/- 21.7 minutes, 173.4 +/- 19.9 minutes, and 171.7 +/-
      19.1 minutes after IV, IM, and SC drug administration, respectively. The mean
      apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.17 +/- 0.02 L/kg, and the
      mean total body clearance was 1.46 +/- 0.26 ml/min/kg. Mean bioavailability was
      95 +/- 20% after IM administration and 123 +/- 33% after SC drug administration.
      A recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg, q 8 h can be expected to provide a therapeutic
      serum concentration of amikacin with a mean steady-state concentration of 14
      micrograms/ml. The SC route of administration is preferred, because of rapid
      absorption, good bioavailability, and ease of administration.

PMID- 3358549
TI  - Serum proteins of neonatal pigs orally inoculated with Isospora suis oocysts.
AB  - Serum proteins were evaluated by agarose electrophoresis at periodic intervals
      between postinoculation days (PID) 2 and 35 in 4 litters of pigs inoculated
      orally at 36 to 38 hours of age with 70,000 sporulated Isospora suis oocysts and
      in 4 litters of age-matched noninoculated control pigs. In inoculated pigs,
      clinical disease characterized by vomiting and diarrhea began at PID 3 to 4 and
      was resolved by PID 11. Isospora suis oocysts were detected in feces of
      inoculated pigs from PID 5 to 25, with peak numbers present on PID 5 to 6. Of 43
      pigs inoculated with I suis oocysts, 4(9.3%) died of coccidiosis, and samples
      were not obtained for serum protein evaluation. Of 39 noninoculated control pigs,
      all remained clinically normal, and I suis oocysts were not detected in their
      feces. Serum protein fraction values in inoculated and control groups compared at
      each sample collection time did not differ significantly, except at PID 15, when
      beta-globulin values were lower in inoculated pigs (P = 0.02). At PID 35, total
      serum proteins, albumin, and alpha 1-, beta-, and gamma-globulin values of
      inoculated pigs were lower than those of controls, but there were too few pigs
      examined for definitive statistical analysis. Differences in trends over time
      were observed between inoculated and control groups for several serum protein
      fractions. In inoculated pigs, total proteins (P less than 0.1) and beta
      globulins (P less than 0.01) decreased with time, whereas those of control pigs
      increased. Similar differences in trends were noticed for albumin and alpha 1
      globulins, but these were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358550
TI  - Effect of reduced growth rate on the prevalence and severity of osteochondrosis
      in gilts.
AB  - Ninety-six recently weaned gilts were assigned to 3 groups. Group-1 gilts were
      fed a corn-soybean meal diet ad libitum and were killed when they weighed 110 kg.
      Gilts in groups 2 and 3 were fed 70% of the feed consumed by group-1 gilts. Group
      2 gilts were killed when they weighed 110 kg, and group-3 gilts were killed at
      the same age as group-1 gilts. At slaughter, the right pelvic and thoracic limbs
      from all gilts were removed, and the distal end of each femur and humerus was
      sectioned serially at 5-mm intervals. Articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes
      from these sites were examined grossly, radiographically, and histologically.
      Effects of treatment (ad libitum vs limited energy intake) and average daily gain
      on the prevalence and severity of lesions were analyzed statistically, using chi
      2 analysis, a categoric-modeling technique, analysis of variance, and correlation
      coefficients. Of humeri and femora, 49 and 70%, respectively, had lesions of
      osteochondrosis, and 86% of the gilts had a lesion at one or both sites. Group-2
      gilts (killed at 110 kg, but approx 70 days older than group-1 gilts) had
      significantly lower prevalence (P = 0.009) and severity (P = 0.002) of
      osteochondrosis of the distal end of the femur than did gilts in groups 1 and 3.
      When each group was evaluated individually, gilts that had a higher average daily
      gain had an increased prevalence and severity of lesions.

PMID- 3358551
TI  - Pathophysiologic mechanism of cardiac dysfunction in experimentally induced
      heartworm caval syndrome in dogs: an echocardiographic study.
AB  - In dogs with experimentally induced heartworm infection, the onset of caval
      syndrome (CS) was characterized by a murmur, loudest over the tricuspid valve,
      and a large worm mass in the right ventricular lumen detectable during diastole
      by use of M-mode echocardiography. Two-dimensional echocardiography indicated
      that the worm mass was located in the right atrium and venae cavae and was
      "flowing" into the right ventricle during rapid diastolic filling. Paradoxical
      septal motion and vigorous right ventricular cranial wall motion also were
      observed. Other echocardiographic changes included decreased size of the left
      atrium and ventricle, aortic root, and ratio of left-to-right ventricular
      diastolic luminal diameter, compared with values obtained 6 months after
      experimentally induced heartworm infection. Right ventricular end diastolic
      diameter increased considerably. Most echocardiographic indices of left
      ventricular function (fractional shortening, velocity of circumferential fiber
      shortening, ejection fraction, and preejection period) were not altered
      appreciably, but estimates of cardiac index and stroke volume were markedly
      decreased. Electrocardiography revealed ventricular and supraventricular
      premature complexes in 7 of the 8 dogs studied, evidence of right ventricular
      enlargement in 6 of the 8 dogs studied, and increased mean heart rate, compared
      with that measured 6 months after inoculation of infective larvae, before the
      onset of CS. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 3 days at the onset of CS.
      Severe pulmonary arterial and right ventricular hypertension and decreased
      cardiac index (compared with values obtained before inoculation) were observed.
      Evidence of right ventricular inflow obstruction was not detected. Mean aortic
      blood pressure decreased with the onset of CS, but right ventricular end
      diastolic pressure increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358552
TI  - Prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone changes in paretic and nonparetic cows
      during the periparturient period.
AB  - We studied the relationship of serum prolactin, estradiol-17 beta, and
      progesterone concentrations to plasma calcium, phosphorus, and free
      hydroxyproline concentrations, as well as to dry matter intake, in 14 aged dairy
      cows (mean of 4.5 parities), 7 of which became paretic, from 28 days before to 4
      days after calving. Plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations and dry matter
      intake decreased more at parturition in paretic cows than in nonparetic cows.
      Prolactin concentrations were not different between paretic and nonparetic cows,
      but were variable. Concentrations of estradiol were higher in paretic cows from
      15 to 5 days before parturition, whereas hydroxyproline concentration was lower
      in paretic cows on days 10 through 3 before parturition. Progesterone
      concentration was lower in paretic cows and decreased earlier at parturition,
      compared with that in nonparetic cows. The findings suggested that high estradiol
      concentrations in late pregnancy inhibit bone resorption and predispose aged cows
      to parturient paresis. The earlier decrease in progesterone concentration at
      parturition and lower concentrations throughout late pregnancy might have
      contributed to the greater inappetence in paretic cows at parturition. The
      importance of prolactin in the pathogenesis of parturient paresis is not clear.

PMID- 3358553
TI  - Effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate in surgically created subchondral bone
      defects in male horses.
AB  - beta-Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was evaluated as a synthetic bone grafting
      material in horses. Sixteen horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 4
      horses. In each horse, an 11-mm by 10-mm circular defect with a smooth margin was
      created surgically in the weight-bearing surface of both third metacarpal bones
      (McIII) and the left third metatarsal bone. The defect in the left McIII was
      filled with TCP, the defect in the right McIII was filled with a mixture of 50%
      autogenous cancellous bone (ACB) and 50% TCP, and the defect in the left third
      metatarsal bone was not filled to serve as a control. Nuclear imaging and
      radiographic evaluation of surgical sites were performed at postsurgical week
      (PSW) 4 and 13 in group-I horses and at PSW 26, 39, and 52 in groups-II, -III,
      and -IV horses, respectively. Horses in groups I, II, III, and IV were
      euthanatized at PSW 13, 26, 39, and 52, respectively, and specimens were
      harvested for histologic evaluation. Results were compared among treatment
      methods, as well as among time intervals. The greatest activity at defect sites
      was seen in group-I horses at PSW 4. Activity counts in limbs of group-I horses
      at PSW 13 and counts in limbs of group-II horses at PSW 26 were not significantly
      (P less than or equal to 0.05) different. Activity counts in groups-III and -IV
      horses at PSW 39 and 52, respectively, were less than those in groups I and II.
      However, there was no significant difference in activity counts between limbs
      implanted with TCP or ACB:TCP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358554
TI  - Intramedullary pressure in canine long bones.
AB  - Intramedullary pressure was measured bilaterally in 36 dogs: in the diaphysis and
      distal metaphysis of the femur, in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia and
      humerus, and in the diaphysis of the radius. Pressure measurements were repeated
      in 5 dogs, 14 days after the initial recordings. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the
      femoral diaphysis and distal metaphysis were 27.6 (+/- 15.4) mm of Hg and 17.6
      (+/- 10.5) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the tibial
      diaphysis and proximal metaphysis were 26.4 (+/- 13.0) mm of Hg and 17.9 (+/-
      11.8) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (+/- SD) pressures in the humeral diaphysis
      and proximal metaphysis were 26.2 (+/- 15.8) mm of Hg and 13.4 (+/- 7.7) mm of
      Hg, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) pressure in the radial diaphysis was 15.4 (+/
      18.9) mm of Hg. Metaphyseal pressure was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower
      than diaphyseal pressure. Repeated pressure measurements in 5 dogs did not vary
      significantly from initial values, suggesting that the wide range of pressure was
      real not artifactual.

PMID- 3358555
TI  - Inheritance of diabetes mellitus in Keeshond dogs.
AB  - The genetic aspects of inherited, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of Keeshond
      dogs were studied retrospectively and in a prospective mating program. The symbol
      dm was used to designate the gene that causes hypoplasia of the islets of
      Langerhans. The retrospective study disclosed 4 diabetic dogs; prospective
      outcross, backcross, and inbred matings disclosed 49 diabetic dogs. Outcrossing
      demonstrated that the diabetic phenotype was displayed readily against a genetic
      background of a breed other than the Keeshond. In dogs with the dm/dm genotype,
      onset of diabetes was most frequent before the dog was 6 months old, but did
      occur in some older dogs. The dm genotype was best described as autosomal
      recessive.

PMID- 3358556
TI  - Questions tabulated data.

PMID- 3358557
TI  - Control of practice enhances patient care.

PMID- 3358558
TI  - Nurses--what keeps them in nursing?

PMID- 3358560
TI  - National standards are guide to excellence.

PMID- 3358559
TI  - RNs relate challenge, excitement of nursing.

PMID- 3358561
TI  - Miss America urges young people to look to nursing for rewards, opportunities.

PMID- 3358562
TI  - ANA coordinates attack on nursing shortage.

PMID- 3358563
TI  - Economist offers perspective on nurse shortage.

PMID- 3358564
TI  - Creating unity and controlling practice.

PMID- 3358566
TI  - Nurses are superior beings.

PMID- 3358565
TI  - As I see it--I'm going again for the memorable moments.

PMID- 3358567
TI  - The clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly.
AB  - The effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in the immunocompetent elderly remains
      controversial. We report the results of a multicenter, case-control study of 244
      controls and 122 patients, aged 55 years and older, hospitalized during a 5-year
      period with pneumococcal bacteremia, meningitis, or other bacteriologically
      confirmed pneumococcal infection. Two controls per patient were matched on the
      basis of admission date, hospital records, and underlying diseases. All subjects
      were selected without knowledge of immunization status with pneumococcal vaccine,
      and were excluded if there was evidence for immunosuppression due to disease or
      iatrogenic causes. The clinical effectiveness of the vaccine was calculated to be
      70% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 37% to 86%) in this population, based on a
      Mantel-Haenszel point estimate of the odds ratio of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.14% to 0.63%;
      P less than 0.005). The clinical effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine in
      preventing pneumococcal infection in the immunocompetent elderly approximates the
      vaccine's effectiveness in the general immunocompetent population.

PMID- 3358568
TI  - Treatment of condyloma acuminatum with three different interferons administered
      intralesionally. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of intralesionally
      administered interferons in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum. DESIGN:
      Randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Outpatient
      clinics at university medical centers. PATIENTS: Seventy-nine patients with
      biopsy-proved condyloma acuminatum that was refractory to conventional therapy
      were enrolled in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Alpha-2b, alpha-nl-, and beta
      interferons were used. One wart on each patients was injected three times per
      week for 4 weeks with either 1 x 10(6) units of interferon or placebo.
      MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-seven percent of warts injected with
      interferon resolved completely, compared with 22% of placebo-injected warts (P =
      0.009). In addition, more recipients of interferon had a complete resolution of
      uninjected lesions. No differences in rates of response were noted among the
      different interferon groups. Approximately one third of interferon-injected warts
      recurred, compared with none of four placebo-injected warts. Intralesionally
      administered interferon was nontoxic and well tolerated, although transient pain
      on injection was observed frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional administration
      of each of these three interferons appears to be useful in treating condyloma
      acuminatum. However, the frequent recurrence of disease and the failure of many
      lesions to resolve indicate that different regimens, such as longer courses of
      therapy or different routes of administration, should be evaluated to maximize
      beneficial effects of interferon for treating this common sexually transmitted
      disease.

PMID- 3358570
TI  - Extraintestinal manifestations in patients with diverticulitis.
AB  - Three patients had diverticulitis and extraintestinal manifestations of arthritis
      and pyoderma gangrenosum. In each, a mistaken diagnosis of idiopathic
      inflammatory bowel disease was first made because of extraintestinal complaints
      associated with the gastrointestinal symptoms of diverticular disease. The joint
      and skin manifestations were refractory to various treatments, including oral and
      intradermal steroids, immunosuppressive agents, and hyperbaric oxygen. Segmental
      resection of the involved colon promptly and completely resolved all symptoms,
      without recurrence 26 to 38 months after surgery. Microscopic examination of the
      resected specimens showed only diverticulitis without any evidence of chronic
      idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with diverticulitis may have
      extraintestinal manifestations as do patients with other inflammatory diseases of
      the colon. The failure to recognize this relationship may result in misdiagnosis
      and prolonged medical therapy, whereas segmental colonic resection may be
      curative.

PMID- 3358569
TI  - Liver disease associated with occupational exposure to the solvent
      dimethylformamide.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: to characterize an outbreak of liver disease among workers in a
      fabric coating factory; and to determine the outbreak's cause and natural history
      and strategies for clinical recognition, treatment, and prevention. DESIGN:
      clinical-epidemiological investigation. SETTING: academic medical center,
      Occupational Medicine Clinic, and worksite. PATIENTS: fifty-eight of sixty-six
      workers participated in the study. All had standard liver function tests at least
      once. Forty-six workers completed a questionnaire; 27 had more extensive clinical
      evaluation for recognized liver abnormalities. RESULTS: a plant-wide outbreak of
      liver disease was recognized after a new employee presented with signs and
      symptoms of hepatitis. Evaluation of the worksite showed that dimethylformamide,
      a widely used industrial solvent and known hepatotoxin, was being used to coat
      fabric in poorly ventilated areas without appropriate skin protection. No other
      major hepatotoxic exposure was identified. Overall, 36 of 58 (62%) workers tested
      had elevations of either aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine
      aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Enzyme abnormalities occurred almost exclusively
      in production workers (35 of 46 were abnormal), whereas only 1 of 12
      nonproduction workers showed any elevations in enzyme levels (P less than
      0.0001). Serologic tests excluded known infectious causes of hepatitis in all but
      2 workers and changes characteristic of toxic liver injury were confirmed by
      histologic examinations of biopsy specimens from 4 workers. The ratio of AST to
      ALT levels was one or less in all but 1 worker. After modification of work
      practices and removal of workers most severely affected from exposure,
      improvement in liver enzyme abnormalities and symptoms in most patients were
      seen, although some patients showed persistent elevations of enzyme levels.
      CONCLUSIONS: an outbreak of toxic liver disease has been associated with exposure
      to dimethylformamide in the workplace. The diagnosis of toxic liver disease was
      established by the clinical histories, negative viral serologies, an enzyme
      pattern of ALT levels being greater than AST levels, epidemiologic data on
      coworkers, and liver biopsy specimens. The high prevalence of unsuspected liver
      enzyme abnormalities in these workers suggests that occupational liver disease
      may occur more frequently than is generally recognized.

PMID- 3358571
TI  - Danazol for the treatment of refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: to determine the efficacy of danazol therapy in patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus with severe autoimmune thrombocytopenia refractory
      to other therapies. DESIGN: noncontrolled clinical trial, with a minimum of 8
      weeks of therapy, the maximum determined by clinical response. SETTING: referral
      based rheumatology clinic at an army medical center. PATIENTS: sequential sample
      of six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with severe autoimmune
      thrombocytopenia refractory to high-dose glucocorticoids. Four patients also
      failed splenectomy, or cytotoxic drugs, or both. INTERVENTIONS: danazol, 200 mg
      four times per day, was added to the previous therapeutic regimen for at least 2
      months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: all six patients had normal platelet
      counts within 6 weeks of starting danazol treatment. After resolution of
      thrombocytopenia for at least 1 month, immunosuppressive medications were
      tapered; one patient had a relapse. During an average follow-up of 12 months, the
      danazol dose was lowered in the five remaining patients but could not be
      discontinued without recurrence of thrombocytopenia. During danazol therapy,
      platelet-bound IgG antibodies and circulating immune complexes did not decrease
      significantly. Danazol was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: danazol appears to be a
      useful adjunctive treatment for refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia associated
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3358572
TI  - Hepatitis due to recurrent Lyme disease.

PMID- 3358573
TI  - Lymphoid neoplasia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      The New York University Medical Center experience with 105 patients (1981-1986).
AB  - We identified 105 patients with lymphoid neoplasia associated with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the New York University Medical Center from
      1981 through 1986: 89 had non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 13, Hodgkin disease; and 3,
      chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunophenotypic and antigen receptor gene
      rearrangement analysis showed the B-cell origin of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas
      studied and the clonal suppressor-cytotoxic T-cell subset origin of the chronic
      lymphocytic leukemias. We classified 69% of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas as high
      grade (small, noncleaved and large cell, immunoblastic-plasmacytoid) and 31% as
      intermediate grade (diffuse large cell). Each histopathologic category was
      correlated with distinct clinical features, including a statistically significant
      difference in median survival. Patients with Hodgkin disease had an atypical,
      aggressive clinical course, whereas patients with T-cell chronic lymphocytic
      leukemia had an indolent clinical course. These studies show the clinical,
      morphologic, and immunophenotypic spectrum of AIDS-associated lymphoid neoplasia,
      that the natural history of Hodgkin disease is altered in patients with AIDS, and
      support the Centers For Disease Control's recent revision in diagnostic criteria
      for AIDS to include intermediate-grade diffuse, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas
      occurring in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3358575
TI  - Pneumococcal vaccine: an emerging consensus.

PMID- 3358574
TI  - A consortium for purchase of blood products directed by physicians.
AB  - Clotting-factor therapy is a costly part of comprehensive hemophilia treatment.
      Physicians treating patients with hemophilia in New York formed a consortium for
      the purchasing and regional distribution of clotting-factor concentrates.
      Concentrates are centrally purchased based on a bidding formula aimed at
      obtaining the lowest price for quality product while guaranteeing all suppliers
      continued involvement in a large market area. The consortium has successfully
      maintained, and, in instances, lowered prices each year. Estimated regional
      savings this year are more than $750,000 for an anticipated purchase of
      approximately 60,00,000 units of clotting-factors VIII and IX. Central
      distribution has additionally lowered costs to participating hospitals. The
      consortium is able to provide patients and third-party payers with some of the
      lowest prices for clotting-factor concentrates in the United States. A physician
      directed regional approach to purchasing costly medical products might be applied
      to other areas of clinical medicine.

PMID- 3358576
TI  - Diagnostic technology assessments: problems and prospects.

PMID- 3358577
TI  - The 1988 National Resident Matching Program.

PMID- 3358578
TI  - Clinical competence in acute peritoneal dialysis. Health and Public Policy
      Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 3358579
TI  - Nifedipine and oncologic Raynaud phenomenon.

PMID- 3358580
TI  - Hepatosplenic candidiasis and fungal infection.

PMID- 3358581
TI  - Fulminant hepatitis and liver transplantation.

PMID- 3358582
TI  - Chlorpheniramine and agranulocytosis.

PMID- 3358583
TI  - Cisplatin and hyponatremia.

PMID- 3358584
TI  - Circulating anticoagulant in asymptomatic persons seropositive for human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

PMID- 3358585
TI  - Blood transfusion and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen.

PMID- 3358586
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration and cryptococcosis in the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS)

PMID- 3358587
TI  - Infection with Trichosporon pullulans.

PMID- 3358588
TI  - Arthritis and endocarditis from Exophiala jeanselmei infection.

PMID- 3358589
TI  - Sexual activity and urinary tract infections in women.

PMID- 3358590
TI  - False-positive brain tumor.

PMID- 3358591
TI  - Pupillary dilation and tropicamide.

PMID- 3358592
TI  - SI units and ketchup on a kilogrammer.

PMID- 3358593
TI  - Acknowledgments in articles.

PMID- 3358594
TI  - Management of acute elevated intraocular pressure: Part I. Diagnosis.

PMID- 3358595
TI  - Aniridia with congenital ptosis and glaucoma: a family study.
AB  - In a family pedigree of aniridics, including eight patients from four
      generations, a wide range of ophthalmic anomalies was found. Varying degrees of
      congenital ptosis with decreased levator function were noted. All patients had
      corneal dystrophic changes. Three patients had congenital glaucoma, and one had
      acquired glaucoma. All affected family members except those with congenital
      glaucoma had microcornea. An infant with congenital glaucoma had a normal corneal
      diameter with an increased axial length.

PMID- 3358596
TI  - Stability of blood pressure and heart rate during intraocular epinephrine
      irrigation.
AB  - We studied the effect of intraocular epinephrine irrigation on arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate in 28 elderly patients who underwent extracapsular
      extractions with or without intraocular lens implantation. In this study, surgery
      was performed under local anesthesia and the electrocardiograph, heart rate, and
      arterial blood pressure, measured using a pressure transducer, were monitored
      continuously. We conclude that both patients with and without hypertension
      incurred no additional risk of significant interval changes of either arterial
      blood pressure or heart rate during intraocular epinephrine irrigation at a
      concentration which maintained pupil dilatation.

PMID- 3358597
TI  - Resolved incomplete central retinal-artery obstruction simulating ischemic optic
      neuropathy.
AB  - To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an embolic three-fourths
      central retinal-artery obstruction with isolated sparing of the superior temporal
      branch artery. Multiple nonfoveolar-sparing cilioretinal arteries were also
      present. As a result of the unusual obstruction distribution, ischemic optic
      neuropathy was simulated after a five-month interval. Patients who are not seen
      acutely after a retinal-artery obstruction may be diagnosed and managed
      incorrectly if this variation from the usual condition is not recognized.

PMID- 3358598
TI  - Intraocular malignant melanoma simulating uveal prolapse.
AB  - An 87-year-old woman, who had undergone cataract surgery and vitrectomy OD two
      years previously, had a blind, painful right eye secondary to intraocular
      hemorrhage and glaucoma. At the initial examination, a flat area of darkly
      pigmented tissue was noted at the wound site of the previous cataract surgery,
      and uveal prolapse was diagnosed. One year later, pigmented tissue was also seen
      at the inferior limbus. Intraocular malignant melanoma was considered, and the
      eye was enucleated. Histologic study revealed areas of hemorrhage and epithelioid
      malignant melanoma. It is important to recognize that prolapse of tissue at a
      surgical wound site may represent an extension of an intraocular malignancy.

PMID- 3358599
TI  - Cataract and ocular parameters: sexual comparison.
AB  - A retrospective study of 330 cataract surgery patients was undertaken to verify
      some of the differences between men and women. Six parameters were analyzed: the
      age of the patient at the time of surgery, the axial length, the lens implant
      power selected for emmetropia, the keratometry readings, and the corneal
      astigmatism. We found only one significant difference between the male and female
      groups. More women required cataract surgery than men by a 2:1 ratio. There were
      no significant differences in the other parameters. We conclude that these
      parameters need not be considered in the decision-making process regarding
      cataract and intraocular lens implant patients.

PMID- 3358600
TI  - Our experience in the removal of intravitreal and subretinal cysticerci.
AB  - Ocular cysticercosis is a rather infrequent entity even in developing countries.
      Several treatments have been proposed depending on the location of the organism
      within the eye. Three cases are described, emphasizing treatment of a subretinal
      cysticercus with sclerotomy instead of photocoagulation.

PMID- 3358601
TI  - Treatment of dense aftercataract with a new intraocular drill.

PMID- 3358602
TI  - [Extracranial meningioma. Apropos of 7 cases; pathogenic, diagnostic and
      therapeutic problems].
AB  - Meningioma is a benign tumor developing in the meningeal layers. Extracranial
      meningiomas, seven cases of which are reviewed, are often revealed by ENT signs.
      In the majority of cases they originate from the cranium and histologic diagnosis
      (particularly of fresh specimens) is often difficult. A CT scan is the
      examination of choice for assessing possible extension of these tumors. Treatment
      often involves the combined efforts of a neurosurgical and an
      otorhinolaryngologic team.

PMID- 3358603
TI  - [Salvage treatment with a view to recovery in a group of 1700
      otorhinolaryngologic cancers treated by radiotherapy].
AB  - Results after radiotherapy, alone or combined with surgery, applied prior to 1982
      in 1700 patients with localized ENT tumors showed 669 (39%) of T and/or N
      failures and isolated second ENT localizations. Therapeutic recovery operation
      was performed in 263 of these 669 cases (39%). For the 324 cases of isolated T
      failures, 31% had recovery treatment, with a level varying between 15% for base
      of tongue and 55% for laryngeal tumors. Frequency of treatments varied with
      initial TNM (18% for T3-T4 and 47% for T1-T2) and initial treatment (26% after
      combined radiotherapy-surgery and 32% after radiotherapy alone). Surgery had been
      the main treatment (74%) followed by curietherapy (19%). Overall control rate was
      55.5%. The 3 year survival rate for all isolated T failures treated was 31%, with
      survival medians of between 8 and 44 months as a function of initial
      localization. For the 156 cases of isolated N failures, 62% had recovery
      treatment, results varying according to whether it was a case of immediate N
      failure or a lymph node recurrence. The local control rate was 62.5% globally,
      the 3 year survival for isolated N failures treated 17.5%. For the 115 T + N
      failures, recovery treatment was attempted in only 9 cases (7%) but all patients
      died within 2 years of evolution of the local and regional disease. For the 74
      second ENT localizations, 80% had recovery treatment with a global local control
      of 73% and a 3 years survival of 35%. Recovery treatment for therapeutic ends is
      therefore a frequently practised procedure (39% of cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358604
TI  - [Anatomical and functional evaluation, after 3 and 5 years, of 94 cases of
      chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media. Clinical and therapeutic implications].
AB  - Anatomic and functional results are reported after 3 and 5 year follow up of 94
      cases of chronic cholesteatomatous otitis operated upon and kept under
      surveillance by the same surgeon between 1975 and 1983. Open technics dominated
      and were justified by seven clinical and epidemiologic factors found alone or in
      combination in 80% of patients. Results must allow for the high rate of non
      attenders (40% at 3 years and 70% at 5 years). Recovery from their cholesteatoma
      was obtained in 84 and 78% of patients after 3 and 5 years respectively, 52%
      recovering useful hearing, 2 out of 3 of these due to an open technic. Modified
      radical mastoidectomy is considered to be undoubtedly the most effective
      treatment for this type of affection.

PMID- 3358605
TI  - [Partial surgery of epithelioma of the glottic area].
AB  - Technical aspects are described for partial vertical surgery used in 286 patients
      with epithelioma of vocal cords. Results and limitations are discussed and the
      place of partial vertical or partial supracricoid horizontal surgery with
      cricohyoidoepiglottopexy defined. Progress in therapeutic strategy is outlined
      and the value of induction chemotherapy emphasized.

PMID- 3358606
TI  - [Contribution of oculography and magnetic resonance imaging to the clinico
      topographic correlates in ischemic vascular disorders of the brainstem].
AB  - 6 patients with brainstem infarction and oculomotor signs were studied. One case
      was consistent with a mesencephalic infarct (internuclear ophthalmoplegia); 4
      cases were consistent with a protuberantial infarct (3 cases of "one and a half"
      syndrome and one case of pontine reticular syndrome associated with a palsy of
      the root of the VIth nerve. One case was a laterobulbar syndrome. These 6
      patients were studied with CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI CGR
      Magniscan 5000 with supraconductor magnet of 0.5 Tesla) with T2 weighted images
      (TR = 2000 ms, TE = 60; 120 ms) in joined section of 9 or 6 mm thickness. The MRI
      findings were in each case consistent with an infarction. The clinico-topographic
      correlations are compared with the oculographic findings.

PMID- 3358607
TI  - [Initial results of free bone transposition of the iliac crest in pelvi
      mandibulectomy].
AB  - Mandibular reconstruction in 6 patients was by free flap from iliac crest in
      pelvi-mandibulectomies. The different technics proposed for mandibular
      reconstruction are described with emphasis on the specificity of repair surgery
      in cervicofacial oncology. In this precise indication stress is placed on the
      limitations of conventional graft and endoprosthesis procedures and the need to
      transfer a vascularized bone fragment. Among the technics for transfer of
      vascularized bone, preference is accorded to the composite flap from iliac crest
      as against the osteo-musculo-cutaneous flap, and details for removal of the
      former are given. The osteo-musculo-cutaneous flap from iliac crest appears to be
      the procedure of choice for reconstruction of bone in all cases where mandibular
      reconstruction is necessary after loss of continuity.

PMID- 3358608
TI  - [Functional results of ossiculoplasty. Apropos of 216 cases].
AB  - Results of 219 ossiculoplasties performed during closed technic tympanoplasties
      over a 7-year period are reviewed. Ossiculoplasty involved the implantation of
      ossiculo-tympanic plate homografts, ossicular auto- or homo-grafts or Klein type
      prostheses. Results are analyzed as a function of disease causing the ossicular
      lysis, types of mounting and number of operations required. From these are
      determined etiopathogenic factors and technics providing improved results.
      Absence of residual inflammation, stability of mounting and use of remaining
      ossicles are conditions that ensure best results. Contact between columella and
      tympanic membrane should be as wide as possible, with greater preference
      therefore for stapes-malleus or foot of stapes-malleus than stapes-tympanic plate
      or foot of stapes-tympanic plate mountings. These former mountings improve
      functional gain in a homogeneous manner throughout the frequency range.

PMID- 3358609
TI  - [Usefulness of the laser in post-radiotherapy arytenoid edema].
AB  - Laser treatment of post-radiotherapy arytenoid edema was applied to two groups of
      patients with either laryngeal mobility or immobility. When mobility was normal
      the technic was simple, since only resection of the arytenoid edema was necessary
      and results were always excellent. In the second group, resection of arytenoid
      edema must be combined with partial or total resection of arytenoid, but in this
      case there is a risk of chondritis. Results in this series were excellent and
      only one case of post-laser radionecrosis was noted.

PMID- 3358610
TI  - A new approach to evaluation and surgery of the malar complex.
AB  - Prominent malar eminences are considered aesthetic and have been equated with a
      more youthful appearance. The precise area for accentuation and the surgical
      method for altering contour have not been universally agreed upon. A new
      technique for evaluation is suggested, and a surgical osteotomy for malar
      contouring is described. Twenty-one patients have undergone treatment; 16
      procedures were bilateral and 5 were unilateral. The longest postoperative follow
      up is 20 months and the shortest, 6 months. Results have shown symmetry, natural
      contour, good patient acceptance, and no significant complications. These two new
      techniques, when combined with existing knowledge and experience, should enhance
      the ability to analyze and alter the malar complex.

PMID- 3358611
TI  - Collagen coatings reduce the incidence of capsule contracture around soft
      silicone rubber implants in animals.
AB  - Silicone rubber miniprostheses known to be associated with a high rate of
      experimental capsule contracture were implanted subcutaneously in rats.
      Prostheses were coated either with 2 layers of collagen cross-linked with
      formaldehyde or with 1 layer of collagen cross-linked with glutaraldehyde.
      Noncoated prostheses were implanted as controls. Contracture was defined as
      grossly observable distortion of the implant mounds from round to avoid. Capsules
      were examined histologically at explant at 255 days. In the control group with no
      coating present capsules formed very early in 100% of the implants. The group
      with a 2-layer, formaldehyde-treated collagen coat demonstrated the greatest
      total surface area covered with coating, the least degree of capsule formation,
      the lowest rate of contracture (7%), and the longest onset. The group with a
      single layer of collagen treated with glutaraldehyde showed an intermediate
      coverage of coating, an intermediate degree of capsule formation, an intermediate
      contracture rate (50%), and an intermediate time of onset. These observations
      confirm earlier results by showing a correlation between intact collagen coating
      and absence of capsule formation, and also further demonstrate a significant
      reduction in the rate of capsule contracture for collagen-coated implants.

PMID- 3358613
TI  - Mondor's disease in plastic surgery patients.
AB  - Thrombophlebitis of the chest wall is a benign, self-limiting condition. When it
      is recognized, the patient can be confidently reassured that spontaneous
      resolution is expected. The characteristic cutaneous cords are palpable five to
      seven weeks postoperatively, and they generally resolve within several months
      without specific therapy. Mondor's disease appears to be related to injury of the
      subcutaneous chest veins at the initial surgery rather than at reoperation. There
      is no apparent relationship between Mondor's disease and silicon implants nor
      between Mondor's disease and capsule contracture. Mondor's disease may be more
      common then generally believed.

PMID- 3358612
TI  - Biological evaluation of burn blister fluid.
AB  - Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured with blister fluid and 3 of their
      properties were investigated: cell shape, growth rate, and ability to contract
      collagen fibrils. In the medium containing the blister fluid, fibroblasts became
      attached to the tissue culture plastic and became well elongated to a spindle
      form. The blister fluid demonstrated a potent fibroblast growth-promoting
      activity comparable to that observed in the serum obtained from the same patient.
      This activity was independent of the patient's age and the time elapsed since the
      burn. The growth rate of cells increased as the concentration rose to 20% in the
      case of serum. Growth promotion by the blister fluid, however, was maximum at the
      concentration of 2.5%, leveling off thereafter, a fact which suggests the
      presence of some other factor possessing an inhibitory action on fibroblast
      growth. The growth-promoting activity of the blister fluid was not destroyed by
      tryptic digestion. The blister fluid promoted a fibroblast-mediated contraction
      of collagen fibrils to an extent comparable to that of the serum. The protein
      banding pattern of the fluid, obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in
      the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, was similar to that of the serum. These
      results suggest that the fluid is an exudate mainly from the vascular system,
      that is provides a good environment for the fibroblasts in the damaged site, and
      that it facilitates the healing process.

PMID- 3358614
TI  - Inaccurate tailoring of a vascularized preputial flap causing an irregularity at
      the distal meatus.

PMID- 3358615
TI  - Eye socket and eyelid reconstruction using the combined island frontal flap and
      retroauricular island flap: a preliminary report.
AB  - One-stage eye socket and eyelid reconstruction was performed, with relatively
      satisfactory results, on a patient with a broad forehead. This was done after the
      complete exenteration of the orbit, using an island frontal flap and a
      retroauricular island flap with the common superficial temporal vessels. A Foley
      urethral catheter and a continuous suction drainage tube were effective for good
      wound healing between the bony orbit and a skin bag, made with a frontal flap,
      which was hidden in the orbital cavity. On the eighth postoperative day, the skin
      incision producing the false palpebral fissure was made, and it was enlarged
      slightly thereafter. A nylon implant was inserted into the orbital apex and
      cartilage grafts from the auricle to the false upper and lower eyelids were
      performed secondarily. The fundamental consideration of the eye socket and facial
      coverage corresponding to the eyelids and the possibility of modification of the
      author's method are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3358616
TI  - Fingerstick felons.
AB  - Blood drawing through the fingerstick technique is growing in popularity.
      Generally considered harmless, it is widely used both in hospitals and at home
      for monitoring blood glucose concentrations. We report 2 cases of hand infections
      requiring surgery that resulted from fingerstick blood glucose concentration
      determinations in immunosuppressed patients. This potentially serious side effect
      of using the fingerstick technique may be minimized by drawing the blood from the
      volar forearm or from other areas of the body.

PMID- 3358617
TI  - Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by sciatic nerve schwannoma.
AB  - The clinical presentation and radiological findings of a patient with a sciatic
      nerve schwannoma in whom signs and symptoms of a tarsal tunnel syndrome developed
      are described. Additionally, this article emphasizes that the radiological
      appearance of an enlarged nerve distant to the tumor site does not necessarily
      imply either malignancy or plexiform neurofibromatous infiltration of the nerve.

PMID- 3358619
TI  - Fasciocutaneous flap closure of a grade III lower third tibial fracture: an
      alternative to free flap coverage.
AB  - We present a patient who sustained a close-range shotgun wound resulting in a
      grade III fracture of the lower tibia. The wound was debrided on several
      occasions and, on day 4, was closed with a flexor digitorum muscle and pedicled
      fasciocutaneous flap. Grades III and IV lower one-third tibial fractures
      generally require a free flap to accomplish stable soft-tissue coverage. Free
      tissue transfer, however, remains a tedious and lengthy procedure. Occasionally a
      fasciocutaneous flap may be available to facilitate wound closure and spare the
      patient a lengthy procedure and distant donor site. The established principles of
      compound tibial coverage must be adhered to when choosing a local fasciocutaneous
      flap.

PMID- 3358618
TI  - Use of the labial artery for replantation of the lip and chin.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy suffered from a full-thickness traumatic amputation of his
      lower lip and chin following a horse bite. Microsurgical technique was used to
      reanastomose the inferior labial artery and a vein of the chin. The replanted
      flap remained viable, and the patient has done well despite some early problems
      with eating and drooling. The patient is now able to purse his lips and has
      regained sensation and the use of his orbicularis oris and musculus mentalis,
      even though no attempt was made to repair the motor nerves or sensory nerves.
      Because of the potential superior cosmetic and functional results following
      replantation, we recommend aggressive microsurgical attempts at arterial and
      venous anastomosis not previously described following traumatic amputation. The
      inferior labial artery may be considered for use as a nutrient artery for
      replantation and in future elective maxillofacial reconstruction and free-flap
      transfer.

PMID- 3358620
TI  - Case of the disappearing breast implants.
AB  - In this case, after augmentation mammaplasty without infection or gross
      inflammatory reaction, Etheron implants decreased to a small volume of densely
      hyalinized tissue, leaving essentially no breast augmentation.

PMID- 3358621
TI  - Use of skin expansion in separation of conjoined twins.
AB  - Successful separation of conjoined twins attached at the thorax and upper abdomen
      was greatly facilitated by preliminary skin expansion. Recognized problems
      encountered in traditional methods of wound closure at the separation (including
      wound breakdown, infection, ventilatory compromise, and obstruction to venous
      return resulting from tight abdominal skin closure) were avoided through the use
      of this technique. Technical aspects of expander placement and inflation in
      conjoined infants are discussed. Skin expansion may represent a major advance in
      wound management of conjoined twins after surgical separation. This is the second
      report on the use of skin expansion in conjoined twins and the first involving
      thoracopagus (twins conjoined at the chest and abdomen).

PMID- 3358622
TI  - Multiple familial angiolipomatosis: treatment of liposuction.
AB  - Lipomas constitute the most common soft-tissue tumors [11] and may occur
      sporadically or as one of several inherited disorders. Benign fatty tumors can be
      classified into three major categories: solitary lipomas, familial multiple
      lipomatosis, and congenital diffuse lipomatosis [4]. The latter has also been
      referred to as multiple symmetric lipomatosis, Madelung's disease, or Launois
      Bensaude syndrome. Within the categories a more vascular varient of the lipoma,
      the angiolipoma, has been described separately by some authors, but in many
      reports it is not distinguished from a lipoma. Liposuction has been used for the
      treatment of solitary lipomas, but to our knowledge liposuction has not
      previously been reported for excision of angiolipomas or in familial cases
      involving multiple lipomas as described here.

PMID- 3358623
TI  - Anatomical alar reconstruction with staged nasolabial flap.
AB  - The nasolabial flap has for many years been an excellent choice for
      reconstruction of the nasal ala following excision of skin cancer or trauma. When
      done as a single-stage procedure the result can be a nonaesthetic appearing mass.
      We propose an initial excision with flap inset and a second procedure for
      debulking and contouring the alar groove to complete reconstruction of the
      aesthetic unit. Representative cases are presented.

PMID- 3358624
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma covering 4% of total body surface area.
AB  - This article documents an extensive basal cell carcinoma, perhaps the largest
      reported yet in the literature, and describes aspects of the host-tumor
      relationship observed in this patient.

PMID- 3358625
TI  - Flow cytometry of epidermoid lung carcinomas: relationship of ploidy and cell
      cycle phases to survival. A five-year follow up study.
AB  - Surgical specimens of tumors of 105 patients with previously untreated epidermoid
      lung carcinomas were investigated by means of flow cytometry and the results
      compared with the survival of the patients. The aim of the present prospective
      study was to establish further the efficacy of cytometric analysis, independent
      of well known clinical factors. For determining prognosis, all patients had a
      minimum of 5 years follow-up. The present study clearly shows that, independent
      of clinical characteristics, cytometric DNA content analysis has prognostic
      importance in patients with epidermoid lung carcinomas. Patients with aneuploid
      tumors died significantly sooner than those who had tumors with DNA diploidy.
      Patients whose tumors had a high proliferative activity (proportion of Go/G1
      phase-cells less than or equal to 78%, S-phase-cells greater than 8%, G2M-phase
      cells greater than 14%) died significantly earlier than patients with tumors with
      lower proliferation activity. Comparisons within homogeneous groups of patients
      with respect to the clinical characteristics (T3, NM+, stage III, surgery,
      treatment) showed identical results. In addition to the univariate analyses,
      multivariate analyses (Cox-regression model) were used. The results of this study
      demonstrate two groups of independent prognostic factors for the survival of
      patients with epidermoid carcinomas: clinical factors and flow cytometric
      factors.

PMID- 3358626
TI  - Short-term hormone treatment as a chemopreventive method against mammary cancer
      initiation in rats.
AB  - Because previous data had suggested that short-term treatment with
      pharmacological doses of estradiol and progesterone might be an effective means
      of preventing mammary cancer initiation, additional experiments were performed to
      confirm this observation and to determine if lower doses of the hormones would
      also have chemopreventive activity. Rats treated with the steroids for five weeks
      and administered the carcinogen (methylnitrosourea) three weeks later were
      observed for one year for the appearance of mammary cancers. Hormone pretreated
      rats exhibited a reduction in number of mammary cancers of approximately 90% from
      rats receiving the steroid vehicle. During the extended observation period,
      treatment with steroids did not induce gross or histological lesions in any
      tissues. In a separate experiment, decreasing the dose levels from 20 micrograms
      estradiol plus 4 mg progesterone to 5 mg estradiol plus 2 mg progesterone did not
      significantly alter the chemopreventive efficacy of the treatment regimen.
      Differentiation of the mammary gland to a secretory state with hormones
      apparently alters the epithelial cells so that, even after involution has
      occurred, the gland maintains its resistance to a carcinogenic insult.

PMID- 3358627
TI  - Drug sensitivity tests after cell separation on density gradients.
AB  - Cells from two leukaemic cell lines (K562 and L1210) were separated on a
      discontinuous Percoll gradient with densities from 1040 to 1090 by
      centrifugation. The cells recovered from gradient interfaces were checked for
      their DNA content and subjected to two different drug sensitivity tests using
      three cytostatic drugs. The purpose of the study was to compare the sensitivity
      of a sample of the whole population with that of the fractions thus obtained.
      Depending on the test used and the line tested, there was a 5.5 to 55.5%
      discordance between the results for the fractions and the non-separated cells.

PMID- 3358628
TI  - Peptichemio, teniposide and high-dose dexamethasone: a new active combination for
      relapsing and refractory multiple myeloma. A pilot study.
AB  - Twelve patients with refractory (8 pts) and relapsing (4 pts) myeloma were
      treated with Peptichemio. Teniposide and high-dose dexamethasone. Eight patients
      experienced an objective response (5 out 8 with refractory and 3 out 4 with
      relapsing disease) with a median duration of 10+ months. Overall toxicity was
      mild to moderate and chiefly haematological. Our preliminary results seem very
      promising and justify a larger phase II study with this regimen.

PMID- 3358629
TI  - DNA-grading of prostatic carcinoma: prognostic validity and reproducibility.
AB  - The prognostic significance of the DNA-Malignancy-Grade (DNA-MG) was tested in 52
      prostatic carcinoma patients in comparison with a cytomorphological grading
      system and the clinical staging. Papanicolaou- or MGG stained smears from
      transrectal aspiration biopsies were automatically restained according to Feulgen
      in a modified Shandon staining machine. The DNA-MG, based on the variation of the
      nuclear DNA content of tumor cells around the normal DNA peak, ranges on a
      continuous scale from 0.01 to 3.0. It was determined with a TV-image analysis
      system (Leitz, TAS plus), combined with an automatic microscope. The DNA-MG
      revealed a high prognostic validity, the clinical stage showed only a minor
      influence on the survival time and the cytopathologic grading system was of
      insufficient prognostic information. Significant differences in survival time
      could be demonstrated between patients with DNA-MGs of 0.01-1.5 and 1.5-3.0, as
      well as with DNA-MGs 1.0-2.0 and 2.0-3.0. The intra- and interobserver variations
      of the DNA grading system were found to be sigma = 0.014 and sigma = 0.036
      respectively. The reproducibilities were 86.7% for intra- and interobserver
      measurements, when the continuous DNA-MG scale was divided in three groups.

PMID- 3358630
TI  - Immunotherapy of murine sarcoma by adoptive transfer of resident peritoneal
      macrophages proliferating in culture.
AB  - Normal resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were continuously grown
      and expanded in vitro as non tumorigenic cells on a confluent layer of
      mesothelial cells. These peritoneal macrophages expanded in vitro (EPM) were very
      cytotoxic against EMT6 sarcoma, Abelson myeloma, EL4, and L929S cells in culture.
      This tumoricidal effect was fully expressed without further activation with
      bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In vivo, adoptive transfer of one million
      EPM to BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous EMT6 sarcoma caused regression of the
      solid tumor. In contrast, macrophages produced by 10 days' culture of bone marrow
      stem cells, or freshly isolated from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice, were
      not cytotoxic in vitro or in vivo. Local injection in the vicinity of the tumor
      as well as intravenous transplantation of EPM effectively inhibited tumor growth.
      This antitumoral effect was further enhanced by intraperitoneal injection of 2
      micrograms LPS to the tumor bearing mice.

PMID- 3358631
TI  - Analysis of tridimensional mixed cultures of mouse B16 melanoma cells and 3T3
      fibroblasts.
AB  - The interactions between invasive malignant cells and normal fibroblastic cells
      were studied in a cellular spheroid model in vitro. Murine B16 melanoma cells
      (previously cultured in monolayer for a short period) and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts
      (greater than or equal to 130 passages in monolayers) were cultured under
      tridimensional conditions (pure or mixed spheroids). As compared to pure 3T3 or
      mixed spheroids, B16 spheroids were smaller and characterized by a higher
      proliferation rate, a lower degree of necrosis, and a less abundant extracellular
      matrix. Disintegration was observed in some pure 3T3 or mixed spheroids.
      Melanogenesis progressively increased inside B16 or mixed spheroids. By
      immunohistochemical methods and electron microscopy, laminin, fibronectin and
      collagen I, III and IV in extracellular matrix were studied in the three types of
      spheroids.

PMID- 3358632
TI  - Estrogen receptor content in primary breast carcinomas and their metastases.
AB  - The estrogen receptor content was measured in 25 primary human mammary
      carcinomas. These values were compared to those in metastases which were detected
      between 0-108 months after mastectomy. There was a good correlation between the
      receptor level in the primary tumor and in its metastasis. This finding does not
      support the hypothesis that metastases in general represent a selection of poorly
      differentiated receptor-poor cell clones from the primary tumors.

PMID- 3358633
TI  - Lack of enhanced antitumor efficacy for L-buthionine sulfoximine in combination
      with carmustine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin or melphalan in mice.
AB  - A series of studies was performed in tumor bearing mice to evaluate the impact of
      glutathione (GSH) depletion by L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO). L-BSO doses of
      50 or 500 mg/kg were used alone or with one of 4 sulfhydryl-dependent anticancer
      agents (SHDAA). When L-BSO was administered to tumor-bearing mice, Colon 38 cells
      were significantly depleted of GSH content, but this did not occur with P388
      cells or MOPC-315 cells in vivo. GSH levels in these ascites tumors declined
      significantly without L-BSO treatment as the tumor rapidly grew in the IP space.
      SHDAAs, including doxorubicin (DOX), cyclophosphamide (CTX), carmustine (BCNU)
      and melphalan (L-PAM) were then combined with L-BSO in mice bearing P388, MOPC
      315 or colon 38 tumors. There was no consistent enhancement of antitumor efficacy
      using a treatment interval of 24 hrs (L-BSO given first). In contrast, there was
      some evidence of significantly enhanced SHDAA toxicity with L-BSO. Further
      studies should evaluate different dosing intervals to take advantage of the
      slower rate of GSH replenishment observed in normal tissues compared to solid
      tumor cells (Colon 38) in vivo. In addition, significant reductions for any SHDAA
      combined with L-BSO are indicated in any such trial.

PMID- 3358634
TI  - Antitumor effect and cardiotoxicity of a doxorubicin-lecithin association.
AB  - A doxorubicin-lecithin preparation was tested in vitro on B16 melanoma and Lewis
      lung carcinoma cells, and in vivo on C57BL/6 mice inoculated with 3LL cells.
      Results obtained demonstrated that the preparation possesses the same antitumor
      activity as doxorubicin. The cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and of the doxorubicin
      lecithin association were studied for 120 days after the end of the treatments in
      Wistar rats inoculated once a week for 5 weeks with equivalent doses of the
      drugs. Myocardial lesions were observed in both the groups of animals, but their
      severity and extent were reduced in rats treated with the doxorubicin-lecithin
      association, and their onset was also delayed.

PMID- 3358635
TI  - Effects of the 6-alkyl substitution of ellipticine on the uptake by NIH-3T3 cells
      and on the cytotoxicity.
AB  - New ellipticine derivatives of the 2-methyl ellipticinium (NME) series, i.e. 2,6
      dimethylellipticinium (6-Me-NME) and 2-methyl-6-n-propylellipticinium (6-Pr-NME),
      have been studied as cytotoxic compounds. Their uptake by NIH-3T3 cells and
      efflux have been measured by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid
      chromatographic assay. These compounds are equitoxic if we compare their
      cytotoxicity by two methods: growth inhibition and cloning efficiency. However,
      they accumulate in NIH-3T3 cells at different steady state levels and the efflux
      rates are not similar. This raises the question of the mode of action of these
      drugs.

PMID- 3358636
TI  - Effects of hormonal modulation on cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in
      mouse mammary tumor cell cultures.
AB  - We investigated the effects of androgen modulation on the cytotoxicity of
      adriamycin (AD) and melphalan (MEL) on cultured cells from the androgen
      responsive Shionogi mouse mammary tumor. Culture medium contained 10 ng/ml, 1
      ng/ml or no dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Growth rates of cells increased with
      increasing concentrations of androgen. Cells cultured in 10 ng/ml DHT rapidly
      reached confluence and proliferation slowed. The prolonged growth phase of cells
      incubated in 1 ng/ml DHT rendered the cells most sensitive to the drugs for the
      longest period of time. Cells cultured in the absence of DHT were least sensitive
      to the drugs. The results suggest that combination endocrine ablation and
      administration of chemotherapeutic agents may not be beneficial to the clinical
      management of breast cancer. In contrast, hormonal manipulations that maintain
      the slow growth of tumors may enhance cytotoxicity of antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 3358637
TI  - Influence of practice on the biochemical analysis of steroid receptors in human
      breast cancer.
AB  - The value of experience and practice in the routine biochemical analysis of
      steroid receptors was studied in 2576 different primary breast cancer specimens
      over five consecutive years. The positivity rate (beyond 3 fm/protein) and the
      measured concentrations of the steroid receptors increase. The positivity rate
      and average steroid receptor concentration of the samples immediately frozen is
      significantly higher compared to the overall sample population. It is concluded
      that the handling of the specimen before freezing and the experience of the
      technician play an important role in the routine biochemical analysis of steroid
      receptors.

PMID- 3358639
TI  - Toxicity, pathological effects, and antineoplastic activity of a non-toxic dose
      of 5-fluorouracil in combination with methotrexate.
AB  - The survival time of CF-1 mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was increased
      significantly by i.p. administration of a non-toxic dose of 5-fluorouracil (25
      mg/kg) followed by methotrexate (40 mg/kg). The effects of 5-fluorouracil (FU)
      and methotrexate (MTX), singly and in combination, were examined on the
      hematopoietic system (platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hematocrit), body
      weight, and the crypt of Liberkuhn to assess toxicity, and on survival of tumor
      bearing animals to assess antineoplastic activity. Sequential treatment with a
      non-toxic dose of FU followed by MTX for 3 consecutive days produced no
      significant adverse effect. MTX alone and the scheduling of FU after a priming
      dose of MTX resulted in: (a) a marked decrease in the hematopoietic parameters;
      (b) significant morphological changes in ileal tissue; and (c) a reduction in
      body weight. The survival of tumor-bearing animals treated with FU alone and FU 2
      hours before MTX was 124% and 139% greater than control, respectively. The
      survival rate of animals treated with MTX alone was less than that of untreated
      tumor animals. This study suggests the feasibility of designing FU and MTX
      regimens that will have little or no systemic toxicity while maintaining
      antineoplastic activity.

PMID- 3358638
TI  - Early oral contraceptive use as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.
AB  - The survival of 193 premenopausal breast cancer patients was investigated in
      relation to their history of early use of oral contraceptives. The women were
      born in 1939 or later and diagnosed in the southern health care region of Sweden.
      Women, who had started their oral contraceptive use (OC-use) before 20 years of
      age had a significantly lower survival rate as compared with those who had never
      used OC and late users (p = 0.02 and = 0.04 respectively, generalized Wilcoxon
      test). For women who started OC-use between 20 to 25 years of age, a tendency for
      a shorter survival was seen in comparison with women who had never used OC (p =
      0.18). For all patients simultaneously, the relative risk adjusted for age at
      diagnosis increased for earlier OC-start. When only stages II and III were
      considered in a stratified multivariate model, a significantly elevated risk was
      seen for early users of OC irrespective of age or of adjuvant treatment given.
      The estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations of the primary tumor were
      significantly lower among early users (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05 respectively).

PMID- 3358640
TI  - Mitochondrial inclusions and mitochondrial respiratory function in selenite
      treated mammary epithelial cell lines.
AB  - The effect of selenite on mitochondrial morphology, selenoprotein synthesis,
      membrane potential, phosphorylating respiration, P/O ratio and respiratory
      control index were evaluated relative to selenite inhibition of DNA synthesis in
      murine mammary epithelial cell lines. No inhibition of mitochondrial function was
      noted. Mitochondrial inclusions and most mitochondrial specific selenoproteins
      were not observed until after DNA synthesis was inhibited. Pyruvate, methionine,
      hydroxybutyrate, dexamethasone or carnitine had no effect on the inclusions. The
      results provide evidence for the hypothesis emphasizing the importance of
      cytosolic selenoproteins modulating the growth inhibitory effects of selenite.

PMID- 3358641
TI  - Evaluation of the anticancer activity of CuDIPS in SJL/J mice.
AB  - A copper complex, Cu(II)2(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)4 (CuDIPS) was found to have
      anticancer activity in the SJL/J tumor system. Toxic effects were eliminated by
      use of the subcutaneous rather than the intraperitoneal route of administration
      and, unlike Tween 80, polyvinyl alcohol was shown to have no effect on
      development of reticulum cell sarcoma when used as the carrier. Age at the onset
      of treatment was a factor of importance with significant reductions in tumor
      incidences when therapy was initiated at 20 or at 40 weeks, but not at 30 weeks
      of age. Maximal inhibitory effects on tumor incidence were achieved by CUDIPS
      concentrations of 0.35 mumol/mouse and 0.50 mumol/mouse. No difference in
      inhibitory influence was observed when mice were injected weekly rather than
      biweekly with the complex.

PMID- 3358642
TI  - A grading system for the immunostaining of A, B and H blood group isoantigens in
      bladder carcinoma.
AB  - A test system for the evaluation of ABH blood group isoantigens in bladder
      carcinoma was developed. A highly standardized staining technique and a set of
      criteria for the judgement of staining extent and intensity was used. These
      variables are given numerical values which are multiplied to give a score (0-12)
      representing a semiquantitative estimate of the ABH-antigen expression. A
      consecutive series of 230 patients with bladder carcinoma was analyzed, using the
      test. The correlation between staining scores on the one hand and the tumor grade
      and stage on the other was assessed. Thirty-three percent of the tumors,
      irrespective of grade or stage, were completely negative, whereas 15% were
      positive to the same extent and intensity as normal mucosa. The remaining tumors
      showed intermediate patterns with respect to both extent and intensity of the
      expression with a progressive loss of detectable antigens with increasing grade
      and stage. The material was categorized with respect to the staining patterns for
      future analysis of the influence on prognostic parameters.

PMID- 3358643
TI  - Cellular and genetic properties of two melanoma cell lines established from the
      same tumor.
AB  - We report here the detailed cellular and genetic analysis of two new human
      melanoma cell lines established from the same tumor biopsy. Although derived from
      the same tumor biopsy, the two lines differed in their method of in vitro culture
      establishment with one line (HA-A) grown first in agar culture and then
      transferred to liquid culture, while the second cell line (HA-L) was established
      directly from cells grown in liquid culture. Detailed characterization of both
      cell lines was performed using techniques to analyze their cytogenetic, surface
      marker, morphology (light and electron microscopy), growth (in agar and in nude
      mice), and drug sensitivity profiles in comparison to the original tumor biopsy.
      Our results revealed no significant biologic or genetic difference between the
      two cell lines established by different culture techniques. Our results suggest
      that in some cases agar culture prior to liquid culture may be useful in
      establishment of human tumor cell lines.

PMID- 3358644
TI  - Alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: results from a multicenter trial.
      II. Patient acceptance, side effects, and safety.
AB  - In a multicenter placebo-controlled study, the safety, side effects, and patient
      acceptance of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia were
      examined. A total of 525 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with
      panic attacks or panic disorder were randomly assigned to receive alprazolam or
      placebo, which they took for eight weeks. The mean daily dose at the end of the
      study was 5.7 mg of alprazolam or 7.5 capsules of placebo daily. Potentially
      serious reactions to alprazolam occurred in ten of 263 subjects who received the
      drug. These included acute intoxication (three), hepatitis (two), mania (two),
      amnesia (one), aggressive behavior (one), and depression (one). Treatment-related
      side effects that were worse in patients taking alprazolam than in those taking
      placebo included sedation, fatigue, ataxia, slurred speech, and amnesia. Sedation
      was the most frequent but tended to subside with dose reduction or continued
      administration of the drug. Patient acceptance of alprazolam, as measured by the
      rate of completion for study participants, was high. Eighty-four percent of
      patients receiving active drug completed the study compared with 50% receiving
      placebo.

PMID- 3358646
TI  - The course of panic attacks and agoraphobia.

PMID- 3358645
TI  - Behavioral inhibition in children of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
      A controlled study.
AB  - To investigate the role of "behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" as an early
      temperamental characteristic of children at risk for adult panic disorder and
      agoraphobia (PDAG), we compared children of parents with PDAG with those from
      psychiatric comparison groups. Fifty-six children aged 2 to 7 years, matched for
      age, socioeconomic status, ethnic background, and ordinal position, were blindly
      evaluated at the Harvard Infant Study laboratory, Cambridge, Mass. The rates of
      behavioral inhibition in children of probands with PDAG, with or without comorbid
      major depressive disorder (MDD), were significantly higher than for our
      comparison group without PDAG. Further, the data suggest a progression of
      increasing rates of inhibition from the comparison group without MDD (15.4%), to
      MDD (50.0%), and to comorbid PDAG and MDD (70%) and PDAG (84.6%). In contrast,
      the rate of behavioral inhibition in children of probands with MDD did not
      meaningfully differ from the comparison group without MDD. Behavioral inhibition
      to the unfamiliar, as defined and measured in the previous work of the Harvard
      Infant Study program, is highly prevalent in the offspring of adults in treatment
      for PDAG. These children appear to be at risk for distress and disability in
      childhood and also perhaps for development of psychiatric disorder in later
      childhood and aulthood.

PMID- 3358647
TI  - Sensation seeking and behavior disorders.

PMID- 3358648
TI  - A partial solution to the base rate problem of the kappa statistic.

PMID- 3358649
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the clinical laboratory worker.

PMID- 3358650
TI  - MHC-antigen expression in the liver in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3358651
TI  - Chance discovery of hepatic fibrosis in patient with asymptomatic
      hypervitaminosis A.
AB  - A liver biopsy specimen was obtained from a 50-year-old patient whose clinical
      and functional liver tests showed no abnormalities but who had for some time a
      high vitamin A intake (109 X 10(6) IU over four years). Liver architecture was
      normal. Sinusoids were slightly dilated in zone 2. Perisinusoidal cells were
      numerous and enlarged. On Sirius red staining, there was mild fibrosis of the
      central veins, portal tracts, and terminal portal venules and perisinusoidal
      fibrosis in zone 1 of the acinus. Liver vitamin A level was increased. By
      electron microscopy, perisinusoidal cells filled with numerous lipid droplets had
      slightly dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous minute filament
      condensations below the plasma membrane, and stellate-shaped processes giving
      them the appearance of fibroblast-myofibroblast-like cells. Numerous collagen
      bundles, fibrils, amorphous material, and fragments of basement membrane-like
      material were identified in Disse's space. Immunocytochemistry showed increased
      amounts of collagen types I, III, IV, laminin, and fibronectin. This observation
      suggests that vitamin A per se, and not the cellular damage often seen in
      hypervitaminosis A, is responsible for fibrosis.

PMID- 3358652
TI  - Asbestos bodies in children's lungs. An association with sudden infant death
      syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Lungs from 46 autopsied children (age range, 1 to 27 months) were examined for
      asbestos bodies using a bleach-digestion extraction technique. Ten (21.7%) of 46
      children had asbestos bodies in their lungs. Of these ten children, seven were
      diagnosed with sudden infant death syndrome, and three were diagnosed with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Thus, 46.6% of children with sudden infant death
      syndrome and 42.8% of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had asbestos
      bodies. Impaired lung-clearing mechanisms due to either abnormal lung physiology
      or reorganization of pulmonary architecture may be significant in the formation
      of asbestos bodies. Additionally, children with asbestos bodies may have been
      exposed to higher ambient levels of asbestos and other pollutants.

PMID- 3358653
TI  - Immunoidentification of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis with
      commercial exoantigen reagents. Effect of culture age.
AB  - We have studied the effect of the length of incubation on the reliability of
      commercial exoantigen test reagents (Nolan/Scott Biological Laboratories Inc, and
      Immuno-Mycologics Inc). Antigen extracts, tested in each commercial system, were
      prepared from duplicate sets of cultures of Histoplasma capsulatum (12 isolates)
      and of Blastomyces dermatitidis (11 isolates) after one to six weeks of growth.
      For isolates of H capsulatum, antigens necessary for immunoidentification were
      detected in most cultures in two weeks and in all cultures after four weeks of
      incubation for both Nolan and Immuno-Mycologics reagents, and continued to be
      detected for at least six weeks. Positive results could usually be obtained from
      exoantigen tests for H capsulatum before dimorphism could be demonstrated by
      conversion of the mold to yeast. Diagnostically significant antigen was not
      uniformly present in all cultures of B dermatitidis during the test period, but
      ten of 11 isolates were positive at some time during the six weeks using the
      Nolan reagents; antigen of only one of 11 isolates was detected by the Immuno
      Mycologic reagents. Results of exoantigen tests for B dermatitidis were usually
      not available until after the identity had been confirmed by conversion of the
      mold to yeast phase on cottonseed agar.

PMID- 3358654
TI  - In vitro inactivation of aminoglycosides by cephalosporin antibiotics.
AB  - The in vitro inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by semisynthetic
      penicillins complicates antibiotic assays. Due to the increasing number of new
      cephalosporins and use of aminoglycoside-cephalosporin combinations, we
      determined the in vitro stability of 28 aminoglycoside-cephalosporin combinations
      (gentamicin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, netilmicin sulfate [10 micrograms/mL],
      and amikacin [20 micrograms/mL] in combination with cefazolin sodium, cefoxitin
      sodium, cefoperazone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, ceftazidime acid pentahydrate,
      cefsulodin sodium, or cefpiramide sodium at 100, 200, and 300 micrograms/mL).
      These mixtures were incubated at 37 degrees C and sampled at 0, 8, and 24 hours.
      Amikacin and tobramycin were most stable and netilmicin was the least stable of
      the aminoglycosides. Cefoxitin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime were the least
      inactivating of the cephalosporins. When combined with first- and second
      generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides are relatively stable, but some
      laboratory precautions may be necessary when determining aminoglycoside levels in
      the presence of third-generation cephalosporin compounds.

PMID- 3358655
TI  - Acridine orange as a screen for organisms in clinical specimens and comparison
      with gram's stain.
AB  - We compared the result of acridine orange and Gram's stains with the results of
      culture for 202 wound swabs and 188 fluid specimens. Cerebrospinal fluid was
      excluded from the study. Acridine orange was more sensitive and less specific
      than Gram's stain compared with findings that have been previously reported. A
      difference in the sensitivity was observed between the two stains and between the
      types of specimens examined themselves. The sensitivity of acridine orange and
      Gram's stains was 83% and 49% for swabs and 66% and 45% for fluids, respectively.
      The negative predictive values for acridine orange and Gram's stains were 60% and
      40% for swabs and 84% and 81% for fluids, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity
      for acridine orange and Gram's stains was 75% and 64% with negative predictive
      values of 75% and 63%, respectively; specificity was 75% (acridine orange) and
      97% (Gram's stain) and did not differ significantly between the two specimen
      types. Acridine orange was cleaner, faster, easier to perform and read, and less
      costly than Gram's stain for screening purposes. Slides that were positive by
      acridine orange staining should be stained with Gram's stain for specificity and
      for the Gram's-stain reaction report. Acridine orange is recommended for
      screening smears, with positive results confirmed by Gram's stain.

PMID- 3358656
TI  - Comparative leukocyte esterase-nitrite and BAC-T-SCREEN studies using single and
      multiple urine volumes.
AB  - The Chemstrip LN and BAC-T-SCREEN filtration systems were used to evaluate 980
      urine specimens rapidly for the presence of microorganisms. Multiple volumes of
      individual specimens were also tested using the BAC-T-SCREEN to determine whether
      this procedure enhanced test performance. Ninety-nine specimens (10%) could not
      be processed because of interfering substances or clogging of the BAC-T-SCREEN.
      Analysis of the remaining 881 samples showed these test results for the Chemstrip
      LN system: sensitivity, 48%; specificity, 93%; positive predictive value (PPU),
      88%; and negative predictive value (NPV), 71%. The BAC-T-SCREEN results using
      multiple urine volumes were (for 1 mL) sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 98%; PPV,
      97%; NPV, 92%; for 2 mL, sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 96%; PPV, 94%; NPV, 96%;
      for 3 mL, sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 95%; PPV, 93%; NPV, 98%. Analyzing
      multiple urine volumes permitted detection of 92% of urine samples with colony
      forming units of 10(4) or less. The BAC-T-SCREEN system proved superior to
      Chemstrip LN for detecting microorganisms in urine specimens, and analyzing
      multiple urine volumes enhanced test sensitivity.

PMID- 3358657
TI  - Brown adipose tissue in Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Both granular and multiocular periadrenal brown adipose tissue (BAT) was present
      in 16 patients with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD). In 12 cases
      (75%), diffusely distributed periadrenal BAT was observed. The common cause of
      death was respiratory failure, and blood gas level showed marked hypoxia.
      Scattered myocardial fibrosis was seen in all cases of PMD. We suspected that
      chronic hypoxia and cardiac fibrosis might be largely responsible for BAT
      transformation in patients with PMD.

PMID- 3358658
TI  - Systemic talc granulomatosis associated with disseminated histoplasmosis in a
      drug abuser.
AB  - A 32-year-old intravenous drug abuser was found to have systemic talc
      granulomatosis and disseminated histoplasmosis. The clinicopathologic findings of
      this case support the hypothesis that the patient was predisposed to disseminated
      histoplasmosis by repeated intravenous talc administration. The effects of
      silica, a close relative of talc, on macrophages and the role of macrophages in
      recovery from Histoplasma capsulatum infection are described.

PMID- 3358659
TI  - Cervicovaginal psammoma bodies. The initial presentation of the ovarian
      borderline tumor.
AB  - Psammoma bodies associated with cancer cells of ovarian and endometrial origins
      have been previously described in cervicovaginal smears, as have psammoma bodies
      from totally benign processes. We describe the presence of numerous psammoma
      bodies in the cervical smear, endometrial curettage, and peritoneal wash
      specimens from a patient with subsequently discovered bilateral, ovarian,
      borderline serous tumors. We morphologically traced the transit of these psammoma
      bodies and their associated cytologically benign tumor cells through the entire
      female genital tract.

PMID- 3358661
TI  - Analyses of drugs by polarographic methods, XXXI. Electroanalysis of brotizolam,
      2-bromo-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-ss]-1,2, 4-triazolo[4,3-alpha]
      1,4-diazepine.

PMID- 3358660
TI  - Postoperative spindle-cell nodule of the endometrium.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of a case of postoperative spindle-cell
      nodule within the endometrium are reported, a lesion hitherto undescribed in this
      site. The nodule was found in the hysterectomy specimen from a 75-year-old woman,
      2 1/2 weeks after a dilatation and curettage had revealed a well-differentiated
      endometrial adenocarcinoma. On histologic examination, the lesion consisted of a
      densely cellular proliferation of mitotically active spindle cells, which was
      initially interpreted as sarcoma. Postoperative spindle-cell nodules of the
      genitourinary tract are reparative proliferations of fibroblastic-type cells that
      should be distinguished from sarcoma on histologic examination.

PMID- 3358662
TI  - [2,6-Piperidinediones, 6. The anticholinergic activities of enantiomers of 2,6
      piperidinediones with a basic side chain].

PMID- 3358663
TI  - [Biological activities of phaeantharine chloride and some synthetic
      intermediates].

PMID- 3358664
TI  - [A new synthesis of nortriptyline].

PMID- 3358665
TI  - Intraspinal epidermoid and dermoid cysts. Surgical results of seven cases.
AB  - Seven cases of intraspinal inclusion cysts, surgically treated between 1970 and
      1984, are reported in this paper. Four were epidermoid cysts and three dermoid.
      Two cysts were located in the thoracic spine (one dermoid and one epidermoid) and
      five in the lumbosacral region (three epidermoid and two dermoid). Associated
      spinal dysraphia was noted in five cases. Congenital dermal sinus was found in
      two cases, spina bifida cystica in one, spina bifida occulta in one, and
      diastematomyelia in one case. The average postoperative follow-up period was 5
      years. No neurological symptoms were found in the five patients who received
      early surgical treatment, but for the two patients whose operations were late,
      there were some residual neurological deficits. Therefore, early and accurate
      diagnosis and radical surgical extirpation are emphasized.

PMID- 3358666
TI  - Shoulder arthroplasty with the Neer Mark-II prosthesis.
AB  - Total shoulder joint replacement was used as primary intervention in 50 shoulders
      -35 with rheumatoid arthritis, eight with osteoarthritis, and seven with
      traumatic arthritis. Follow-up time was 27 (12-42) months. The primary indication
      for the operation was chronic severe pain; improvements in motion and function
      were secondary objectives. Relief of pain was obtained in 46 of 50 shoulders. The
      best results regarding pain, motion, and function were obtained in the
      osteoarthritic group. The majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis obtained
      pain relief and the largest increase in range of motion occurred in this group,
      although full range of motion was never regained. The results in patients with
      traumatic arthritis seemed unpredictable. Two shoulders were complicated by
      glenoid loosening, one by humeral subluxation, and one by musculocutaneous nerve
      palsy.

PMID- 3358667
TI  - Soleus muscle anomaly in a patient with exertion pain in the ankle. A case
      report.
AB  - A patient with soleus muscle anomaly and symptoms simulating retrocalcanear
      bursitis or peritendinitis of the Achilles tendon is reported. A soft bulge was
      observed anteromedially to the Achilles tendon some weeks after the onset of
      symptoms in soccer training. A clinical diagnosis of retrocalcanear bursitis was
      made and the patient received physiotherapy and two injections of corticosteroids
      during six months without pain relief. Due to the continuing symptoms surgery was
      performed and large mass of the anomalic soleus muscle in the Kager's triangle
      was removed. At the follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and had resumed his
      physical exercises and soccer training.

PMID- 3358668
TI  - Chondroblastoma of the talus: natural development over 9.5 years. Case report.
AB  - The spontaneous development of chondroblastoma was seen clinically and
      demonstrated radiologically in the talus of a 5.5-year-old boy. It was followed
      for 9.5 years before surgery was performed. Histological examination revealed
      typical features. This suggests that chondroblastomas may undergo very slow
      growth and development. The case is compared with 31 other chondroblastomas of
      the foot.

PMID- 3358669
TI  - General joint laxity. Quantification and clinical relevance.
AB  - General joint laxity is measured with the hyperextensometer, and by analyzing the
      values obtained in a group of European subjects norm curves are drawn up related
      to age and sex. The values found in various orthopedic diseases are put into
      these curves, and the importance of general joint laxity is discussed.

PMID- 3358670
TI  - Porous surface replacement of the hip with chamfered-cylinder component.
AB  - One hundred porous surface replacements (PSR) were performed in 92 patients (63
      men and 29 women) with a mean age of 53 (range 17-76). Follow-up times range from
      1 to 4 years, with 48 patients having a follow-up of at least 2 years.
      Preoperative diagnoses were osteoarthritis (OA) 63, osteonecrosis (ON) 13,
      dysplasia 9, rheumatoid-ankylosing spondylitis 6, and other 9. Seventeen hips had
      metal-backed acrylic-fixed THARIES acetabular sockets, nine hips had a porous
      cobalt chrome hemispheric beaded acetabular component with adjuvant fixation
      screws and externally protruding screw hubs, and 74 hips had a porous chamfered
      cylinder-design acetabulum. Pain relief had been immediate and more complete than
      with acrylic-fixed or biologic-ingrowth stem-type replacement with comparable
      walking and function improvements. There have been no major systemic
      complications, sepsis, or loosening. There have been two transient peroneal nerve
      palsies and three trochanteric fibrous unions. There have been three
      reoperations, one for subluxation, one for "metalosis" due to mesh pad loosening,
      and one femoral neck fracture. Examination of one removed femoral surface
      component which has been histologically sectioned revealed excellent (90%) bone
      in-growth. Circumferential progressive radiolucencies developed at the bone
      cement interface by 1 year in all of the 17 acrylic-fixed acetabular components.
      Reaming or seating defects were noted in 25% of the ingrowth components on
      postoperative radiographs. Radiographic analysis of immediate postoperative films
      of the chamfered cylinder design acetabular components frequently demonstrated
      bone-component interface radiolucencies which represented component seating
      defects. These initial interface radiolucencies became progressively more narrow
      over the first six months postoperatively suggesting "healing" of the reamed bone
      component interface with trabecular bone around the chamfered cylinder acetabular
      components. Partial healing of initial interface voids with residual narrow
      radiolucencies were typical of the nine hemispheric-design acetabula with
      adjuvant screws and screw hubs. This new porous surface replacement (PSR) of the
      hip using porous ingrowth fixation avoids the major disadvantages of acrylic
      fixed SR: excessive acetabular reaming and difficulty with acetabular revision.
      (When conversion to stem-type replacement is necessary the modular polyethylene
      socket liner can be exchanged.) The PSR has the prospect of enhanced fixation and
      improved longterm durability.

PMID- 3358671
TI  - Five-year review of the isoelastic RM total hip endoprosthesis.
AB  - An evaluation is presented of 92 patients with 93 isoelastic total hip
      endoprostheses which were inserted in four different hospitals and reviewed after
      at least 5 years. The clinical results were very good in 16%, good in 43%,
      mediocre in 31%, and poor in 6.4%. The radiological evaluation was considered
      good or very good in 54%, mediocre in 33%, and poor in 11% of cases.

PMID- 3358672
TI  - Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica--three different types in the ankle joint.
AB  - Three children with different types of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica in the
      ankle are described. It is an uncommon disorder belonging to the group of
      osteochondromatoses. The disease occurs in young children and is localized mainly
      in the ankle and knee joints. The clinical symptoms, localization, and
      roentgenograms are most important for reaching a diagnosis. A pathological
      anatomical examination is a necessity in order to exclude malignancy. Early
      surgical treatment is recommended, but complete cure is seldom achieved.

PMID- 3358673
TI  - Hemoglobin and hematocrit as risk factors in below-the-knee amputation for
      incipient gangrene.
AB  - The relationship between complication rate and preoperative levels of hemoglobin
      and hematocrit was investigated in 186 consecutive below-the-knee amputations for
      incipient gangrene. Arteriosclerotic amputations had successively higher rates of
      wound complications and reamputation with increasing hemoglobin and hematocrit.
      No such association was found among diabetics. Thus, hemoglobin greater than or
      equal to 7.0 mmol/l and hematocrit greater than or equal to 40 were significant
      preoperative risk factors in below-the-knee amputation for arteriosclerotic
      incipient gangrene.

PMID- 3358674
TI  - The significance of hemarthrosis of the knee in children.
AB  - Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed in 40 consecutive patients under 16 years of
      age with hemarthrosis of the knee. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 15
      years, median 13.7 years. Eighteen patients had ruptures of the anterior cruciate
      ligament; seven ruptures were partial. Only two cases of fractures of the tibial
      spine were encountered. Seven patients had midsubstance tears of the anterior
      cruciate ligament. Eleven patients had patellar dislocations. Six patients had
      minimal capsular disruptions as the cause of hemarthrosis. Three patients had
      osteochondritis dissecans of the knee and two patients had isolated ruptures of
      the medial collateral ligament. Twenty-eight of the patients underwent some form
      of operative repair. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at arthroscopy in 17 of
      the 40 cases. The appearance of hemarthrosis of the knee usually signifies a
      serious knee injury and should be treated with the same importance as in adults,
      and as a rule arthroscopy should be carried out.

PMID- 3358675
TI  - The Sambia "turnim-man": sociocultural and clinical aspects of gender formation
      in male pseudohermaphrodites with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency in Papua New
      Guinea.
AB  - Continuing controversy surrounding the Dominican Republic studies of 5-alpha
      reductase deficiency and the development of gender identity in male
      pseudohermaphrodites concerns the roles of culture and biology in determining the
      ambiguity of gender socialization in an unsophisticated population. The present
      paper provides a cross-cultural perspective on these problems through description
      of anthropological and clinical data for a sample (N = 14) of subjects suffering
      from 5-alpha-reductase deficiency. Nine of these male pseudohermaphrodites were
      reared ambiguously as male and five as female. Female subjects changed from the
      female to male-identified role, but in circumstances of social trauma. The
      authors find ambiguity here related to the presence of a third sexual category
      available for sex-assignment and typing. Cultural valuation of the male role
      makes gender-switching from female to male pragmatically adaptive. The study
      concludes that social-experiential and cultural factors are significant in the
      formation of gender identity change in male pseudohermaphrodites with 5-alpha
      reductase deficiency.

PMID- 3358676
TI  - Behavior patterns of child molesters.
AB  - Despite intense interest in the problem of child sex abuse, base rates for
      different offense characteristics are poorly defined. The likelihood of otherwise
      uncorroborated allegations of sexual abuse could be assessed in light of known
      frequencies of alleged behaviors, if such were available. This paper reviews the
      current literature on the topic of the specific behaviors of child molesters,
      along with other epidemiological characteristics, and provides new data drawn
      from experience with 229 convicted child molesters.

PMID- 3358678
TI  - The many faces of surgery.

PMID- 3358677
TI  - Sexuality changes in prostate cancer patients receiving antihormonal therapy
      combining the antiandrogen flutamide with medical (LHRH agonist) or surgical
      castration.
AB  - The results of a written questionnaire with 44 patients (pilot study) indicated
      that before the beginning of treatment for advanced prostatic cancer, most
      subjects had an active sexual life, as illustrated by a normal erotic imagery, an
      adequate sexual desire and a normal frequency of intercourse. More than three
      quarters (80%) of subjects had at least one coitus a week. Slightly more than 50%
      were able to easily achieve an erection by erotic imagery or by a preferred
      sexual fantasy; 50% never experienced erectile problems. When compared with their
      previous sexual functioning, 70% of subjects noticed during the antiandrogenic
      treatment a major reduction in their interest for sexual intercourse which was
      maintained in only 18% of patients. It became impossible for 57% to induce an
      erection by erotic imagery. However, 19% claimed an ability to maintain an
      erection during sexual activity, as compared to 56% before treatment, but
      erections usually lacked full rigidity. Twenty-two percent of patients mentioned
      having nocturnal or morning erections. Despite this dramatic decrease in sexual
      activity in most patients, complete antiandrogen blockade left sexual activity in
      approximately 20% of patients. Due to the treatment's excellent tolerance, the
      findings suggest that such combined androgen blockade could be beneficial for the
      treatment of sex offenders.

PMID- 3358679
TI  - Conservation of the spleen with distal pancreatectomy.
AB  - This report describes a rapid, easy, and safe means of saving the spleen while
      resecting or fully mobilizing the pancreatic tail. The pancreas is separated from
      the spleen by dividing the splenic artery and vein distal to the tip of the
      pancreas. The spleen survives on the short gastric vessels, which are carefully
      preserved. The technique has been applied successfully in 22 of 25 consecutive
      patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 13), acute pancreatitis and pancreatic
      necrosis (n = 3), cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (n = 4), islet cell tumor (n =
      2), and ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 3). The spleen could not be saved in three
      patients because of splenic hilar involvement by tumor or scar. Normal
      postoperative blood cell counts and spleen scans proved splenic viability and
      function. There was only one complication, a late splenic abscess that developed
      in a spleen of twice-normal size. It is concluded that in most instances the
      distal pancreas can be mobilized for resection or inspection without the need for
      splenectomy. Splenomegaly may be a contraindication because the short-vessel
      gastric blood supply may be inadequate to nourish the increased tissue mass. The
      technique is applicable to the treatment of pancreatic tumors, trauma, and
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 3358680
TI  - Ripstein procedure. Lahey Clinic experience: 1963-1985.
AB  - We reviewed our 22-year experience with 135 Ripstein procedures for rectal
      prolapse in 118 women and 17 men. Follow-up ranged from one to 256 months
      (median, 41 months). Five patients were unavailable for follow-up. There was one
      perioperative death (0.7%). Complications included hemorrhage from presacral
      veins in 11 patients (8.1%), recurrent prolapse in 13 patients (9.6%), and
      stricture at the site of the sling in three patients (2.2%). Specific
      intraoperative technical factors could be related to recurrent prolapse in four
      patients (30.8%). Attention to technical details is mandatory to minimize
      immediate and long-term complications. Patients should be prepared for anterior
      resection, since a sling procedure may be inadvisable at the time of exploration.
      Resection may be the preferred operation for men, who have a high rate of
      recurrent prolapse with the Ripstein procedure.

PMID- 3358681
TI  - Safe management of the impossible duodenum. Risk avoidance in surgery of peptic
      ulcer.
AB  - A series of 1068 operations for peptic ulcer has been analyzed for evidence of
      mortality or morbidity related to duodenal dissection or closure. There were 85
      patients with catheter duodenostomy and 43 additional patients with acute
      pancreatitis or duodenal leak. The mortality rate was 17.2% for the entire group
      of 128 patients. Complications included acute pancreatitis, subphrenic or
      subhepatic abscess, duodenal blowout, and stomal delay. Forty-two secondary
      operations were required. Another series of 61 patients was treated by truncal
      vagotomy and a new technique of antrectomy with intramural dissection and
      gastroduodenostomy. The mortality rate in this series was 1.6%. Complications
      included stomal delay, thromboembolism, and gastric leak following gastrostomy
      tube removal. No secondary operations were required.

PMID- 3358682
TI  - Surgical treatment of biliary cystadenoma. A report of 15 cases.
AB  - Mucinous biliary cystadenomas are rare intrahepatic or, less commonly,
      extrahepatic neoplasms that may produce massive enlargement, hemorrhage, rupture,
      secondary infection, jaundice, or vena caval obstruction. Radiologic criteria
      differentiate biliary cystadenomas from more common parasitic or simple cysts.
      Treatment has included sclerosis, marsupialization, internal drainage, or
      resection, but without resection the patient is at risk for enlargement,
      infection, or progression of an unrecognized malignant neoplasm. We report the
      course of 15 patients who underwent resection for biliary cystadenoma to
      elucidate the clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, and surgical
      treatment. Nine patients had had previous radiologic or surgical intervention
      other than excision, and complications of sepsis and tumor recurrence had
      developed. Following complete resection, however, only five postoperative
      complications were encountered, and no patient experienced recurrence of tumor.
      Thus, we recommend complete surgical resection as the preferred therapy.

PMID- 3358684
TI  - Primary lung cancer surgery in stage II and stage III.
AB  - We reviewed 100 operations performed on 95 consecutive patients with stage II (n
      = 7) and stage III (n = 88) primary lung cancer. The five-year survival of
      patients with N1 involvement was 58% and with N2 disease was 21%. Of 13 patients
      with Pancoast or chest wall involvement, 58% survived five years. The entire
      group had a 34% five-year survival and a median survival of 32 months.
      Preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy, in the presence of nodal disease,
      appears to improve local control, but an effective chemotherapy program is needed
      for unrecognized visceral metastases. In the absence of contraindications,
      surgical excision offers the best likelihood of survival and quality of life.

PMID- 3358683
TI  - Surgically incurable well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Prognostic factors
      and results of therapy.
AB  - A series of 97 consecutive patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma
      treated between 1941 and 1970 presented with distant metastatic disease or
      extensive nonresectable local neck disease or had residual carcinoma after
      thyroid resection. Men 40 years of age or younger and women 50 years of age or
      younger were considered at low risk for dying of disease; older patients were
      considered at high risk for dying of disease. Of 17 patients with distant
      metastatic carcinoma, 40% of younger patients in the low-risk group and 92% of
      older patients in the high-risk group died. Of 80 patients with unresectable or
      residual local neck cancer, only 13% of younger patients but 71% of older
      patients died. Survival related better to risk group classification as defined by
      age and sex than to any details of disease presentation or management. Treatment
      was far more successful in patients in the low-risk group.

PMID- 3358685
TI  - Treatment of Crohn's colitis. Segmental or total colectomy?
AB  - In our institution, segmental Crohn's colitis has been treated with segmental
      colectomy rather than more extensive resection. The purpose of this study was to
      review the rate of recurrence following surgical treatment of Crohn's colitis
      using this approach. From 1974 through 1984, 37 patients with Crohn's disease
      limited to the colon or rectum underwent resection. Average time of follow-up was
      5.5 years. There were recurrences in 13 (62%) of 21 patients treated by segmental
      colectomy and four (67%) of six patients treated by total abdominal colectomy and
      small-bowel recurrences in two (20%) of ten patients treated by proctocolectomy.
      Intestinal continuity was maintained in 17 (81%) of the 21 patients treated by
      segmental resection. Although recurrence is likely, segmental colectomy improves
      the quality of life by delaying the need for a stoma and by preserving
      functioning bowel.

PMID- 3358686
TI  - Persistent acute pancreatitis. A variant treated by pancreatoduodenectomy.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis usually subsides spontaneously or is complicated by
      pseudocysts, pancreatic necrosis, or abscesses. We describe an uncommon variant
      of acute pancreatitis in which signs of inflammation persist over a number of
      months, waxing and waning but never disappearing. Neither identifiable
      collections nor other targets for surgical drainage develop in these patients,
      nor does their condition ever remit enough to allow them to leave the hospital.
      Eating provokes a flareup of inflammation. We have treated five such patients
      with a pancreatoduodenectomy (four patients) or total pancreatectomy (one
      patient). Each patient had been continuously hospitalized for six to 12 weeks
      before operation. All survived the operation and left the hospital eating solid
      food within 16 days. In addition to acute inflammation and fat necrosis, the
      resected specimens showed main pancreatic duct stenosis or occlusion in three
      patients, a pancreaticoduodenal fistula in one, and a congenital duplication
      cyst. Pancreatography or cholangiography showed the lesion in three of four cases
      and helped in planning therapy. Thus, acute pancreatitis may fall to remit
      because of proximal pancreatic duct obstruction, for which pancreatoduodenectomy
      is a reasonable and effective treatment.

PMID- 3358687
TI  - Renal failure and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Salvage by vascular
      reconstruction.
AB  - Occlusive renal artery lesions and progressive renal failure have a dismal
      prognosis if not treated. We analyzed our results to determine if the risks of
      renal vascularization were justified based on the final outcome in such patients.
      Inclusion criteria were a creatinine concentration of at least 160 mumol/L (1.8
      mg/dL) and one of the following angiographic findings: (1) severe (greater than
      or equal to 75%) bilateral occlusions, (2) total occlusion with severe (greater
      than or equal to 75%) contralateral occlusion, or (3) solitary kidney with severe
      (greater than or equal to 75%) occlusion. Thirty patients met these criteria and
      underwent revascularization. Six required simultaneous aortic reconstruction. The
      average creatinine concentration on admission was 310 mumol/L (3.55 mg/dL); this
      had a statistically significant improvement to 210 mumol/L (2.41 mg/dL) at
      discharge. There was one perioperative death (3.3%). Initially, 22 patients had
      improved function (creatinine concentrations 20% lower), and seven patients had
      stable creatinine values. Eight patients ultimately required long-term dialysis.
      In the remaining 21 patients, with an average follow-up of 32 months, the average
      creatinine concentration was 220 mumol/L (2.51 mg/dL), still a significant
      improvement. Thus, we have demonstrated the relative safety and benefit of
      operating on these high-risk patients.

PMID- 3358688
TI  - Problems associated with a Nissen fundoplication following tracheoesophageal
      fistula and esophageal atresia repair.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux is frequently associated with esophageal atresia and
      tracheoesophageal fistula repair. Following unsuccessful medical treatment, 14
      (45%) of 31 patients underwent a Nissen fundoplication. Five of these 14 patients
      had prolonged dysphagia requiring supplemental gastrostomy feeding. Four of these
      five patients underwent postoperative manometry and extended pH monitoring, which
      revealed a normal lower-esophageal sphincter pressure (greater than 15 mm Hg),
      normal pH results, and marked esophageal dysmotility. The fundoplication creates
      a mechanical obstruction for those patients with a dyskinetic esophagus who
      cannot generate the pressure to open the "new sphincter". To avoid this
      complication, antireflux surgery should be deferred, if possible, in those
      patients with severe gastroesophageal reflux and marked esophageal motility
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3358689
TI  - Pericardial flap prevents sternal wound complications.
AB  - By interposing a pedicle of pericardium between the heart and sternum,
      mediastinitis may be prevented and sternal healing facilitated. Between Jan 1,
      1984, and mid-1986, before we began using the pericardial flap, the overall
      incidence of mediastinitis and/or sternal wound dehiscence was 2.73% (26 of 952
      patients). This rate did not differ significantly among three surgeons (2.53%,
      2.95%, and 2.69%). During mid-1986, two of the three surgeons adopted the use of
      the pericardial flap and used it on 226 of 270 patients. None of these 270
      patients developed mediastinitis or sternal wound dehiscence. The third surgeon
      did not adopt the use of the flap and operated on 100 patients during the same
      period. In this group, there were three cases of mediastinitis. This difference
      was statistically significant. No specific complications attributable to
      construction of a pericardial flap were identified in our patients. We conclude
      that the routine use of a pericardial flap is a safe, simple, and effective means
      of preventing mediastinitis and/or sternal dehiscence following cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3358690
TI  - Protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle from septic rats. Response
      to leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid.
AB  - It has been suggested that leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIA) stimulate
      protein synthesis and reduce protein breakdown and may be useful in the treatment
      of muscle catabolism during sepsis. However, whether leucine and KIA regulate
      protein turnover in septic skeletal muscle is not known. In this study, intact
      muscles from untreated normal rats or from rats subjected to cecal ligation and
      puncture were incubated in the presence of leucine or KIA. In normal muscle,
      leucine stimulated protein synthesis and reduced protein degradation, while KIA
      decreased protein breakdown. In septic muscle, protein synthesis was also
      stimulated by leucine, but only at a concentration higher than that needed to
      affect protein synthesis in normal muscle. Protein breakdown in septic muscle was
      unaffected by leucine and KIA even at an extracellular concentration as high as 5
      mmol/L. Since other experiments showed that the intracellular concentration of
      leucine was not different in incubated normal and septic muscles, these results
      suggest that sepsis induces changes in skeletal muscle protein turnover that are
      resistant to the effects of leucine.

PMID- 3358691
TI  - Septic complications of hemorrhoidal banding.
AB  - Rubber band ligation is an efficacious and cost-effective alternative to
      conventional hemorrhoidectomy for symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. Even though
      the well-recognized complications of bleeding and thrombosis occur infrequently,
      far more serious septic complications have only recently been described, as
      evidenced in five of our patients: four cases were serious enough to necessitate
      surgical intervention, and one patient died. Pain followed by urinary dysfunction
      with or without toxic symptoms should alert the physician to the probability of
      localized perianal or systemic sepsis. Acute awareness of these rare but
      potentially life-threatening complications and immediate aggressive treatment is
      mandatory if death is to be prevented. Rubber band ligation of internal
      hemorrhoids need not be abandoned; however, the indications should be clear, the
      technique mastered, and a close patient follow-up maintained.

PMID- 3358692
TI  - A method for repair of aortic dissection originating in the transverse arch using
      two sutureless intraluminal prostheses.
AB  - We present a method for repair of ascending aortic dissections that originate in
      the transverse aortic arch. The technique utilizes two sutureless intraluminal
      prostheses, which are joined together and inserted during hypothermic circulatory
      arrest. A diamond-shaped opening between the two grafts is anastomosed about the
      orifices of the brachiocephalic arteries. This method affords the advantage of
      excluding the intimal tear, thereby preventing further propagation of the
      dissection. Additionally, the method offers the time-saving advantage of the
      sutureless prosthetic rings for the proximal and distal anastomoses.

PMID- 3358693
TI  - Treatment of liver hemangiomas by enucleation.
AB  - Nine patients with hemangiomas of the liver were treated by enucleation between
      1976 and 1985 at the Surgical Department of Istanbul (Turkey) Medical School. The
      tumors were removed by dissecting the plane between the capsule of the hemangioma
      and normal liver tissue. The diameters of the tumors ranged from 8 to 23 cm.
      There was no mortality and no massive bleeding. It is suggested that hemangiomas
      can be removed by an enucleation technique with low mortality and morbidity,
      rather than by liver resection.

PMID- 3358695
TI  - Radiation treatment technique and surgical results.

PMID- 3358694
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy of axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3358696
TI  - Should people be treated after a first seizure?

PMID- 3358697
TI  - Diagnostic studies for tumors in seizure patients.

PMID- 3358698
TI  - Neurocysticercosis.

PMID- 3358699
TI  - The association of ventral tegmental area histopathology with adult dementia.
AB  - Six cases of adult dementia with mesolimbic pathology are reported. The core
      clinical syndrome consists of parkinsonism, progressive dementia, and behavioral
      disturbances (generally depression). The histopathologic findings uniformly
      include a loss of pigmented neurons in the ventral tegmental area plus
      neurofibrillary tangles and/or cell loss in the entorhinal cortex and pyramidal
      cell layer of the hippocampus (perforant pathway). Neuronal depletion in the
      ventral tegmental area frequently is associated with similar cell loss in the
      adjacent substantia nigra and in the locus ceruleus. The development of
      neurofibrillary tangles in the perforant pathway occurs in the absence of senile
      plaques and is possibly related to diminished dopaminergic input.

PMID- 3358700
TI  - Neuropsychological impairment in Wilson's disease.
AB  - To examine the neuropsychological deficits of patients with Wilson's disease
      (WD), 19 neurologically impaired patients with WD were administered the Wechsler
      Adult Intelligence Scale (revised), Wechsler Memory Scale, Dementia Rating Scale,
      Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test, and Animal
      Naming Test. Their test scores were compared with those of 12 neurologically
      asymptomatic patients with WD and 15 normal controls. The neurologically impaired
      patients scored lower than did the control group on the Performance IQ, Full
      Scale IQ, Dementia Rating Scale, and Trail Making Test, and they scored lower on
      the Wechsler Memory Scale than did both the asymptomatic and control groups. The
      major areas of deficit for the neurologically impaired WD group were in motor and
      memory functioning. Computed tomographic and neurologic examinations of the
      neurologically impaired patients with WD generally reflected abnormalities of the
      basal ganglia.

PMID- 3358701
TI  - Long-term changes in the spinal cords of patients with old poliomyelitis. Signs
      of continuous disease activity.
AB  - In a retrospective study, we reviewed sections from the spinal cords from eight
      patients, aged 36 to 61 years, who had had poliomyelitis and who died of
      nonneurologic diseases nine months to 44 years (mean, 20.7 years) after the acute
      poliomyelitis infection. Five patients had stable postpoliomyelitis deficits
      without new symptoms, and three patients had new slowly progressive muscle
      weakness defined as postpoliomyelitis progressive muscular atrophy (PPMA).
      Representative spinal cord sections matched the patients' clinical involvement in
      both groups. Control tissues from ten patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      and five with spinocerebellar degeneration were examined simultaneously. The
      spinal cord segments from all patients who had had poliomyelitis showed loss or
      atrophy of motor neurons, severe reactive gliosis (disproportional to the
      neuronal loss), and a surprising mild to moderate perivascular and
      interparenchymal inflammation. There was no difference in these pathologic
      changes between the patients with stable postpoliomyelitis deficits and those
      with PPMA. Additional findings were axonal spheroids (dystrophic axons) and
      occasional chromatolytic neurons in the spinal cord of patients with PPMA.
      Corticospinal tracts were spared.

PMID- 3358702
TI  - Chronic progressive spinobulbar spasticity. A rare form of primary lateral
      sclerosis.
AB  - Although it was first described over a century ago (by Charcot in 1865; by Erb in
      1875), the concept of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is still not universally
      accepted. Despite this skepticism, several well-documented cases of isolated
      degeneration with varying degrees of involvement of corticospinal pyramidal
      pathways have been reported in the literature. The clinical manifestations in
      these cases can take one of two forms, ie, isolated spasmodic paraplegia or
      tetraplegia on the one hand or spasmodic tetraplegia associated with a
      pseudobulbar syndrome featuring severe spastic dysarthria (chronic progressive
      bilateral spinobulbar spasticity) on the other hand. Obviously, without firm
      pathologic data, PLS is a hazardous diagnosis for isolated paraplegia or
      tetraplegia. Conversely, for bilateral spinobulbar spasticity, it would appear to
      be the only diagnosis possible once investigate findings have eliminated the
      other possibilities, such as a pyramidal form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or
      a spinal form of multiple sclerosis. To underscore this point, in this report,
      five cases of chronic progressive bilateral spinobulbar spasticity developed over
      5, 10, 12, 10, and 28 years, respectively, for which the only possible diagnosis
      was PLS. It was concluded that there are three forms of degenerative diseases of
      the principal motor pathways: one involving both central and peripheral neurons,
      ie, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; one involving only peripheral neurons, ie,
      spinal amyotrophy; and one involving only central motor neurons, ie, PLS.

PMID- 3358703
TI  - Granulomatous angiitis of the brain. An inflammatory reaction of diverse
      etiology.
AB  - Granulomatous angiitis of the brain (GAB) is defined histologically by
      granulomatous inflammation of intracranial blood vessels. We have studied four
      patients with autopsy-proved GAB who had, respectively, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
      herpes zoster, neurosarcoidosis, and no associated illness. Headache, fever, or
      mental change was followed by hemiparesis or quadriparesis, coma, and death in
      all four patients. There were no diagnostic findings from cerebral computed
      tomograms, cerebrospinal fluid, or cerebral angiograms; the diagnosis was
      established only by postmortem examination. Vasculitis was limited to the brain
      in all four patients, and involved large arteries, small arteries and veins, or
      both large and small vessels. Differences in etiology and different particulars
      of the pathologic conditions imply that GAB is a nonspecific reaction, not a
      unique disease. The diagnosis, moreover, cannot be proved without histologic
      confirmation. A biopsy specimen is the only way to ascertain the diagnosis in
      living patients.

PMID- 3358704
TI  - The electroencephalogram and acute ischemic stroke. Distinguishing cortical from
      lacunar infarction.
AB  - One hundred consecutive cases of clinically diagnosed, acute forebrain infarction
      were studied using computerized tomography (CT) and electroencephalography (EEG).
      Computed tomography confirmed brain infarction in 91 patients and was normal in
      the remaining nine. Each EEG was read independently by two experienced
      electroencephalographers without knowledge of CT or clinical details and their
      findings were compared with those of CT. Lateralized theta and/or delta activity
      predicted ipsilateral cortical infarction with a sensitivity of 76% and
      specificity of 82%. In contrast, cerebral hemisphere lacunae produced similar EEG
      abnormalities in only a few cases (9%). Electroencephalography is particularly
      useful following stroke if the initial CT excludes hemorrhage but does not detect
      infarction. In conjunction with clinical details, the EEG can then be used to
      indicate the likelihood of cortical involvement and thus suggest the likely
      pathophysiologic mechanism of infarction.

PMID- 3358705
TI  - Central vs peripheral nerve conduction. Before and after treatment of subacute
      combined degeneration.
AB  - Central and peripheral nerve conduction was studied in two patients with subacute
      combined degeneration by using the short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials
      and the peripheral nerve conduction study during treatment with cyanocobalamin.
      Before the treatment, somatosensory evoked potentials with median nerve
      stimulation were normal, but those with peroneal nerve stimulation revealed
      prolonged central conduction indicating dysfunction within the posterior column.
      Peripheral sensory and motor nerve action potentials were reduced with normal or
      slightly reduced conduction velocity. After treatment, marked shortening of the
      central conduction time (by 24% and 31%, respectively) was observed with mild or
      no recovery of peripheral nerve action potentials. These physiologic findings
      suggest that the main pathologic changes in the central nervous system may be
      demyelination in the posterior column in addition to axonal degeneration in the
      peripheral nerve. The former was responsive to treatment but the latter was
      poorly responsive to treatment. Sensory symptom in subacute combined degeneration
      appears to be, at least partially, attributed to the spinal cord lesion.

PMID- 3358706
TI  - Albendazole vs praziquantel for therapy for neurocysticercosis. A controlled
      trial.
AB  - Praziquantel and albendazole have been recently described as effective drugs for
      treating cysticercosis of the brain. In this study, effectiveness of each drug
      for therapy for parenchymal brain cysticercosis was compared. Twenty patients
      were treated either with albendazole or with praziquantel; in addition, five
      patients were taken as controls and treated only with symptomatic drugs. Three
      months after therapy, results showed that both drugs, albendazole and
      praziquantel, were highly effective, as seen by the disappearance of cystic
      lesions in computed tomographic scans. All lesions in control patients remained
      unchanged. Albendazole, when compared with praziquantel, showed a 76% vs 73%
      disappearance of lesions, respectively. It was concluded that both drugs have
      similar equivalent efficacy and greatly improve the therapeutics of
      cysticercosis.

PMID- 3358707
TI  - Absence of the septum pellucidum with porencephalia. A neuroradiologic syndrome
      with variable clinical expression.
AB  - We studied 12 patients with absence of the septum pellucidum associated with
      porencephalies. Seven patients had bilateral and five apparently unilateral
      defects of the cerebral mantle. The clinical manifestations were relatively mild
      in half of the patients and limited to isolated partial seizures in one. In one
      case, extensive calcification was present adjacent to the defects. In two cases,
      the presence of a cleft was demonstrated only by magnetic resonance imaging,
      although it had been suspected by computed tomography in one.

PMID- 3358708
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in familial paroxysmal ataxia.
AB  - A magnetic resonance imaging study was performed in three symptomatic members of
      two families with a diagnosis of acetazolamide-responsive familial paroxysmal
      ataxia. A selective atrophy of the cerebellar vermis, mostly of the anterior
      part, was demonstrated in the three cases. The first ample documentation of a
      neuroanatomical abnormality in this condition was achieved in this study.

PMID- 3358709
TI  - Patients' perspectives of the role of care providers in amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis.
AB  - Interviews with 41 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis regarding their
      perspectives of the roles of doctor, nurse, and allied health personnel showed
      that emotional support, information, and access to assistive devices were the
      primary expectations that they held for each of these professional roles. In
      addition, physicians were expected to evaluate the progress of the disease, help
      with immediate problems, and continue research to find a cure. Patients wanted to
      see a physician at each clinic visit. In being given the diagnosis of amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis, patients expected the physician to be straightforward, honest
      but not premature, sensitive to patients' readiness for information, and to
      convey some degree of hope. Patients were accurate in their knowledge of the
      disease, but came to the clinic expecting help in managing the illness.

PMID- 3358710
TI  - Motoneuron uptake from the circulation of the binding fragment of tetanus toxin.
AB  - Tetanus toxin enters the central nervous system from the systemic circulation
      after it is internalized by motoneuron terminals at the neuromuscular junction.
      We have demonstrated that the atoxic binding fragment (C-fragment) of tetanus
      toxin is internalized preferentially by motoneurons. We examined the distribution
      of C-fragment after intravenous injection in the nervous systems of mice by
      immunohistochemical methods. All animals remained asymptomatic until killed one
      to two days after injection. C-fragment was found only within neurons with
      processes outside the blood-brain barrier. Large motoneurons of the spinal cord
      showed the greatest accumulation of C-fragment. Motoneurons of brain-stem nuclei
      (particularly facial and trigeminal), also showed substantial label of C
      fragment. Small amounts of C-fragment were detected in dorsal root ganglion
      cells. Affinity of a systemically distributed substance for synaptic components,
      as well as an inability to cross the blood-brain barrier, may lead to its
      preferential localization in motoneurons.

PMID- 3358711
TI  - Acute paralysis from inhaled barium carbonate.
AB  - A young chrome-plating worker suffered life-threatening hypokalemic paralysis
      when barium powder, used in cleaning the chrome tanks, blew back into his face.

PMID- 3358712
TI  - Crossed buccofacial apraxia.
AB  - The cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the preferred hand is generally dominant
      for learned representational motor acts, including those involving buccofacial
      muscles. It is generally also language-dominant. This buccofacial apraxia has,
      with rare exceptions, been associated with left hemispheric lesions in right
      handers. We describe two patients with severe buccofacial apraxia caused by large
      middle cerebral artery territory infarcts in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the
      preferred hand and nondominant for language. Neither patient had aphasia or major
      limb apraxia. Computed tomographic scans in the first patient and neuropathologic
      examination in the second failed to reveal an abnormality of the hemisphere
      contralateral to the preferred hand. Hence, in some individuals, the hemisphere
      controlling skilled representational buccofacial movements may not be the one
      that is dominant either for handedness or for language.

PMID- 3358713
TI  - Subacute structural myopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus
      infection.
AB  - An unusual myopathy characterized by selective loss of thick filaments and
      widespread formation of rod bodies is described in two men, both seropositive for
      human immunodeficiency virus. We were unable to find any previous reports
      documenting this combination of morphological abnormalities, which we believe may
      be related to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Both patients responded to
      treatment: one, to steroid therapy; the other, to plasmapheresis.

PMID- 3358714
TI  - Hyaluronate facilitates passage of lacrimal probes for repair of lacerated
      canaliculi.

PMID- 3358715
TI  - Placement of silicone tubes during dacryocystorhinostomy.

PMID- 3358716
TI  - Monocanalicular silicone intubation.

PMID- 3358718
TI  - Help for patients with vision loss.

PMID- 3358717
TI  - Intraoperative reinflation of ruptured cystic tumors with a balloon catheter.

PMID- 3358719
TI  - Painless, pupil-sparing but otherwise complete oculomotor nerve paresis caused by
      basilar artery aneurysm. Case report.

PMID- 3358720
TI  - Transient oculomotor nerve misdirection in a case of pituitary tumor with
      hemorrhage. Case report.

PMID- 3358721
TI  - Serpiginous choroiditis with branch vein occlusion and bilateral periphlebitis.
      Case report.

PMID- 3358722
TI  - Macular hole secondary to pneumatic retinopexy. Case report.

PMID- 3358723
TI  - Sight-saving month calls attention to eye care.

PMID- 3358724
TI  - Third nerve palsy and the pupil. Footnotes to the rule.

PMID- 3358725
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction using a temporal limbal approach after
      filtering operations.
AB  - We reviewed the charts of 29 patients who underwent extracapsular cataract
      extraction after filtering surgery. Seven of these patients also had simultaneous
      implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. All eyes were operated on
      using a temporal limbal approach. The median postoperative follow-up was 13
      months. There was no statistically significant difference between the
      preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressures, but there tended to be an
      increase in the number of antiglaucoma medications administered postoperatively.
      None of these patients, however, required further surgery for intraocular
      pressure control.

PMID- 3358726
TI  - The effect of some treatment variables on the results of trabeculoplasty.
AB  - One hundred nineteen eyes of 99 patients were prospectively followed up for 12 to
      21 (mean, 17) months. Laser powers used were lower than those originally proposed
      by other physicians and ranged from 500 to 800 mW. The postoperative pressure
      reduction was statistically significant in each power group. The pressure
      reduction was statistically significantly dependent on the grade of pigmentation
      on the trabecular meshwork. The quality of the visible burn effect or placement
      of burns did not have any impact on the postoperative pressure reduction.

PMID- 3358727
TI  - A comparison of experienced clinical observers and statistical tests in detection
      of progressive visual field loss in glaucoma using automated perimetry.
AB  - The visual fields of 30 patients (subjects) with glaucoma were sent to six
      experienced clinicians (observers). Each subject had at least four visual field
      examinations on the OCTOPUS 201 automated perimeter spanning at least one year.
      Each observer was asked to review the visual field data of each subject and
      determine whether the visual fields were stable, improved, or worse over time.
      The visual field data were then analyzed using six different statistical models.
      In only 15 of the 30 subjects did at least five of the six human observers agree
      on the behavior of the visual field. Agreement among the statistical models was
      better, with at least five of the six models agreeing on 22 of the 30 subjects.
      It was concluded that there is, at present, no validated technique for detecting
      progressive visual field loss in glaucoma using automated perimetry when
      relatively few visual fields are available for analysis.

PMID- 3358728
TI  - Vitrectomy for macular traction caused by incomplete vitreous separation.
AB  - Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 16 eyes to release vitreomacular traction.
      All patients had a symptomatic preoperative decrease in visual acuity, most often
      to 20/200. Partial detachment of the posterior vitreous surface was associated
      with vitreoretinal attachment remaining in the area of the macula and sometimes
      to the optic nerve head. The posterior vitreous traction on the macula was
      released by tangential traction on the posterior vitreous surface, causing it to
      separate from the retina. The postoperative vision was the same or improved in
      each case. No operative complications occurred, but progressive nuclear sclerosis
      developed postoperatively in five of the 15 phakic eyes.

PMID- 3358729
TI  - Idiopathic senile macular hole. Its early stages and pathogenesis.
AB  - Evidence is presented that idiopathic senile macular hole is caused by focal
      shrinkage of the vitreous cortex in the foveal area. The most reliable
      biomicroscopic signs of impending hole formation (stage 1) are the development of
      a yellow spot or ring in the center of the fovea, loss of the foveal depression,
      and no evidence of separation of the vitreous from the foveal retina. Although in
      a majority of eyes with stage 1 changes there is a progression to hole formation,
      spontaneous separation of the vitreous without hole formation may occur in some
      cases (44%) and cause characteristic biomicroscopic changes, including foveal
      reattachment, disappearance of the yellow spot or ring, and, in some cases, a
      pseudo-operculum, with one or more lamellar holes or facets. A prospective
      collaborative study is recommended to confirm these findings and to test the
      clinical value of surgical peeling of the vitreous cortex in eyes with stage 1
      changes as a means of preventing hole formation.

PMID- 3358730
TI  - Vitrectomy for traumatic retinal incarceration.
AB  - Traumatic retinal incarceration into a scleral wound may prevent successful
      surgical rehabilitation of eyes with severe posterior segment injury. We managed
      15 consecutive eyes with traumatic retinal incarceration and associated retinal
      detachment with vitrectomy techniques. We based our approach on the
      anteroposterior location of the incarceration site and the amount of retina
      incarcerated into the wound. Despite successful anatomic reattachment in six of
      seven eyes with retinal incarceration posterior to the vortex vein ampullae, only
      two of seven eyes achieved visual acuity of 5/200 or better. In eyes with more
      peripheral retinal incarceration, anatomic reattachment was achieved in five of
      eight eyes and visual acuity of 5/200 or better was achieved in four eyes.
      Overall, a visual acuity of 5/200 or better was achieved in six (40%) of 15 eyes
      with a minimum follow-up of six months.

PMID- 3358731
TI  - Monozygotic twins with age-related macular degeneration.
AB  - This clinical study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first report of severe
      age-related macular degeneration in both identical twins, documented as
      monozygotic by genetic testing. This suggests that genetic factors may be of
      primary importance in certain cases of age-related macular degeneration.

PMID- 3358732
TI  - Optic neuropathy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Ophthalmic and neurologic involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is
      uncommon, and if it does occur, it is usually only late in the course of the
      disease. We report three cases in which progressive visual loss from optic nerve
      infiltration was an early clinical manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
      Progressive optic atrophy with loss of acuity and visual field occurred in all
      cases, preceded in one patient by transient visual obscurations and disc edema.
      Surface marker studies of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes were useful in
      differentiating leukemic optic nerve infiltration from other causes of optic
      nerve damage. Optic nerve irradiation gave considerable clinical improvement in
      all three cases.

PMID- 3358733
TI  - Epibulbar fibroma of the conjunctival substantia propria.
AB  - A 39-year-old black woman had a 12-year history of slowly progressive left
      temporal juxtalimbal conjunctival swelling. The lesion was freely movable over
      the surface of the globe and was believed to be situated within the substantia
      propria. Histopathologic evaluation of the excised tissue disclosed that it was a
      collagenous mass of lamellar architecture, with a hypocellular dispersion of
      mesenchymal cells and a scattering of capillaries in the absence of inflammation.
      Electron microscopic examination revealed that the lamellar arrangement had
      regular lobular subdivisions composed of collagen fibers approximately 50 nm in
      diameter. Compressed fibroblasts occupied the peripheries of the lobules; the
      former exhibited abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and failed to
      elaborate basement membrane material. Delicate processes of the fibroblasts
      extended into the centers of the collagenous aggregates. To our knowledge, this
      is the first convincingly documented case of an acquired fibroma of the
      substantia propria of the epibulbar conjunctiva. The differential diagnosis in
      this case included related fibroblastic and simulating nonfibroblastic lesions.

PMID- 3358734
TI  - Quantification of cellular proliferation in experimental proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Proliferation of host cells from around the optic nerve head has recently been
      implicated in the development of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy in
      rabbit eyes injected with homologous fibroblasts. We used liquid scintillation
      spectrometry to quantitate the tritiated thymidine incorporation into cells in
      the vitreous, retina, and optic nerve head following intravitreal injection of
      250,000 homologous dermal fibroblasts. Cellular proliferation peaked three days
      after injection of the fibroblasts. The amount of tritiated thymidine
      incorporation that occurred three days following injection of irradiated
      homologous fibroblasts (incapable of cellular division) was not significantly
      different than that following injection of normal homologous fibroblasts,
      indicating that host cells were responsible for most of the cellular
      proliferation. Treatment with fluorouracil or triamcinolone acetonide completely
      arrested cellular proliferation following injection of normal fibroblasts.

PMID- 3358735
TI  - Suppression of experimental tractional retinal detachment by low-dose radiation
      therapy.
AB  - We used a standardized model of traction retinal detachment (TRD) created by
      cellular membranes in the rabbit to test the effects of low-dose radiation
      therapy in suppressing TRD. The vitreous and lens were removed from pigmented
      rabbits, and homologous conjunctival fibroblasts were grown in cell culture.
      After resolution of postoperative inflammation, 50,000 fibroblasts in 0.1 mL of
      culture fluid were injected into the vitreous cavity. Ten eyes were maintained as
      controls. Nineteen eyes received 6 Gy (600 rad) of x-ray irradiation one to three
      hours after cellular injection. Eyes were monitored weekly for three weeks with
      indirect ophthalmoscopy. Seven (70%) of ten control eyes developed TRD at one
      week; no additional TRDs were noted at weeks 2 and 3. Significantly smaller
      numbers of irradiated eyes developed TRD: at week 1, two (11%) of 19; at week 2,
      five (28%) of 18; and at week 3, five (29%) of 17.

PMID- 3358736
TI  - Penetration of topically applied dexamethasone alcohol into human aqueous humor.
AB  - Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was used to determine the
      absorption of topically applied dexamethasone alcohol into the aqueous humor of
      human subjects undergoing routine intraocular surgery. The dexamethasone
      concentration in aqueous humor was greatest in the interval between 91 and 120
      minutes following instillation (mean concentration, 31 ng/mL). Dexamethasone was
      still detectable in the aqueous 12 hours after instillation.

PMID- 3358737
TI  - Mooren's ulcer.

PMID- 3358738
TI  - Inflatable catheter for dacryocystorhinostomy.
AB  - A silicone catheter with an inflatable balloon was used as a temporary stent for
      dacryocystorhinostomy. The inflated balloon was positioned in the patient's
      lacrimal sac, and the catheter remained in the nasal fossa. This device
      maintained an open lacrimal sac-nasal mucosa communication during the healing
      period. Postoperative removal was performed by deflating the balloon and gently
      pulling the catheter through the patient's nostril.

PMID- 3358739
TI  - A brush back-flush needle.
AB  - A new feature has been developed to increase the efficiency of the widely used
      back-flush needle aspirator. The main feature of the new design is its almost
      completely nontraumatic effect on the retina, increasing the scope of application
      of the instrument.

PMID- 3358740
TI  - Treatment of testicular cancer: a historical review and current update.

PMID- 3358741
TI  - Getting ready for certification.

PMID- 3358742
TI  - Papaverine tracking: how to do it.

PMID- 3358744
TI  - Mobile unit lithotripsy.

PMID- 3358743
TI  - In support of office nursing.

PMID- 3358745
TI  - Nurse's role in a mobile stone treatment center.

PMID- 3358747
TI  - Are you playing Russian roulette with your patients?

PMID- 3358746
TI  - Work related repetitive movement problems. A successful management plan.

PMID- 3358748
TI  - Warm up exercises for the legs.

PMID- 3358749
TI  - RSI: a pain in the neck?

PMID- 3358750
TI  - The value of mammography.

PMID- 3358751
TI  - RSI can be curable. The use of psychotherapy and hypnosis. A personal viewpoint.

PMID- 3358752
TI  - Tennis elbow.

PMID- 3358753
TI  - Head injury.

PMID- 3358754
TI  - Protein Engineering Research Institute.

PMID- 3358755
TI  - Fatty acid dependent hydrogen peroxide production in Lactobacillus.
AB  - Lactobacillus leichmanii growing in complex medium supplemented with decanoic
      acid accumulated high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the culture. The
      H2O2-generating system was specifically induced by one of the saturated fatty
      acids from 4:0 to 16:0 or oleic acid. The induction of this system was associated
      with the presence of a fatty acyl-CoA-dependent H2O2-generating activity in the
      cell-free extracts. This activity is shown for the first time in a procaryote
      organism.

PMID- 3358756
TI  - Glomeruli from ischemic rat kidneys produce increased amounts of platelet
      activating factor.
AB  - The production of Platelet Activating Factor (PAF-acether) by glomeruli isolated
      from rats subjected to a 60 min renal ischemia has been studied. PAF-acether has
      been purified by Sep-Pak columns and measured by its ability to release serotonin
      from previously loaded rabbit platelets. Glomeruli from ischemic kidneys had
      higher amounts of PAF-acether activity than glomeruli from sham operated rats.
      These data suggest a role for PAF-acether in the renal functional alterations
      induced by renal ischemia.

PMID- 3358757
TI  - Neutrophil activation by surface bound IgG: pertussis toxin insensitive
      activation.
AB  - Surface bound IgG induces neutrophil degranulation and production of superoxide
      radicals by a mechanism that is not inhibited by either pertussis toxin or
      cholera toxin, whereas these functions induced by soluble mediators such as FMLP
      and soluble aggregates of IgG are profoundly inhibited by pertussis toxin.
      Interaction of neutrophils with surface bound IgG triggers the loss of 32P
      labeled PIP2 and PIP and the influx of extracellular calcium. Neither of these
      cellular events when induced by surface bound IgG is inhibited by pertussis
      toxin. These observations suggest that neutrophil activation induced by surface
      bound IgG proceeds along a pathway which is not regulated by proteins which are
      inhibited by either pertussis or cholera toxins.

PMID- 3358758
TI  - Normalization of liver glucosylceramide levels in the "Gaucher" mouse by
      phosphatidylserine injection.
AB  - A model of the human genetic disorder, Gaucher disease, can be rapidly generated
      in mice by the injection of emulsified glucosylceramide and an inhibitor of the
      lipid's hydrolase, conduritol B epoxide. The liver grows rapidly as it absorbs
      the load of lipid but the effect disappears as new glucosidase is formed and the
      load is hydrolyzed. This normalization process is accelerated by treatment with
      phosphatidylserine, which is a known stimulator of the enzyme. It is possible
      that injecting the phospholipid into Gaucher patients would have a therapeutic
      effect since it might help them utilize their residual glucosidase to destroy
      stored glycolipid.

PMID- 3358759
TI  - Effect of clomiphene on fatty acids, sterols and membrane fluidity in clavine
      producing Claviceps purpurea strains.
AB  - Clomiphene depressed the growth and enhanced clavine production of Claviceps
      purpurea strains 129,35 and 59. Mycelial content of 18:2 and 16:0 fatty acids
      decreased, whereas that of 18:1 and 18:0 acids increased. In the mutant strain 59
      clomiphene, triadimefon and ergosterol stimulated the impaired function of
      chanoclavine cyclase. Their effect was counteracted by plant oil. Clomiphene
      decreased the content of total lipids (44%), triglycerides (32%), sterols (22%)
      and sterol/phospholipid molar ratio. The PC/PE ratio was 9X increased. Clomiphene
      and triadimefon enhanced membrane fluidity of protoplasts, ergosterol and oil
      reverted their effect.

PMID- 3358760
TI  - Bile acids of patients with renal failure (possibility of bile acid secretion in
      the distal tubule).
AB  - Bile acids of patients with renal failure and of healthy subjects were analyzed
      by capillary gas chromatography after group separation. The amount of bile acids
      in the total dialysate (150 L) of the patients was smaller than that in the 24-h
      urine of healthy subjects. Polar bile acid sulfates constituted 17.3% and 30.9%
      of the total bile acids in serum and urine of healthy subjects, respectively,
      26.0% in predialysis serum of patients, and only 11.3% in dialysate of patients.
      The amount of bile acid sulfates in the hemodialysate converted during a 24-h
      period dialysis, was still smaller than that in 24-h urine of healthy subjects.
      We propose that the distal tubule secretes bile acid sulfates.

PMID- 3358761
TI  - Biologically active calcitonin analogs which have minimal interactions with
      phospholipids.
AB  - A number of peptide hormones have been shown to contain amphipathic helical
      segments capable of binding to phospholipids. This conformational feature has
      been associated with increased biological activity of these hormones. We
      demonstrate, however, that two calcitonin analogs, [Gly8,Ala16]-des-Leu19 salmon
      calcitonin and des-1-amino-[Ala1,7,Gly8]-des-Leu19 salmon calcitonin have minimal
      interactions with phospholipids. Neither of these peptides acquire any increased
      helical content in the presence of dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol and these
      peptides have only weak effects in altering the phase transition properties of
      this lipid. Therefore, although the presence of a phospholipid-induced
      amphipathic helical sequence may enhance the biological activity, it is not
      required for activity.

PMID- 3358762
TI  - Preference of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase for superhelical templates with
      mitochondrial promoters.
AB  - The RNA polymerase of HeLa cell mitochondria has been purified free of
      endonuclease and DNA topoisomerase activities, permitting evaluation of the
      effect of template topology on transcription in vitro. On single-stranded DNA
      templates, transcription is nonspecific and does not require mitochondrial DNA
      sequences. In contrast, duplex DNA templates are efficiently transcribed only
      when they (1) carry the mitochondrial D-loop region and (2) are negatively
      supercoiled. These findings suggest a role for template superhelicity in
      modulating mitochondrial transcription in vivo.

PMID- 3358763
TI  - Inhibitory effect of neurotensin on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid
      secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.
AB  - Neurotensin is a known inhibitor of gastrin-stimulated acid secretion in dogs and
      humans. In order to study the dose-related effect of neurotensin, we prepared
      pentobarbital-anesthetized rats by pyloric ligation and collected gastric
      secretions one hour after injection of saline (Basal), pentagastrin, 6
      micrograms/Kg subcutaneously (PG Alone), or pentagastrin plus neurotensin by tail
      vein injection (PG + NT). Acid output was calculated from the volume and pH of
      the samples, which correlated well with the output determined by titration with
      0.02 N NaOH (r = 0.92). Basal output was 36 +/- 4 muEq/hr; stimulated output (PG
      Alone) was 64 +/- 5 muEq/hr, and output after PG + NT, 250 pmol/Kg, was 33 +/- 3
      muEq/hr (p less than 0.001). The effect of neurotensin was dose-related over a
      range from 125 to 500 pmol/Kg. This technique may be useful in the biological
      evaluation of neurotensin-related peptides.

PMID- 3358764
TI  - Thyroid hormones inhibit the Ca2+ calmodulin-induced activation of myosin light
      chain kinase.
AB  - L-Thyroxine (T4) and L-triiodothyronine (T3) specifically, inhibited myosin light
      chain kinase (MLC-kinase) from various tissues whereas inhibitory effects of T4
      and T3 on other protein kinases such as protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein
      kinase, casein kinase I, casein kinase II and calmodulin kinase II were much
      weaker. T4 was a more potent inhibitor of MLC-kinase than T3. Kinetic studies
      showed that T4 behaved as a competitive inhibitor of MLC-kinase toward calmodulin
      (CaM) and that Ki value was 2.5 microM. The activity of the catalytic fragment of
      MLC-kinase, which is active without CaM, was not inhibited by T4. 125I-T4 gel
      overlay revealed that CaM did not bind T4 but MLC-kinase had 125I-T4 binding
      activity. These observations suggest that T4 binds at or near CaM binding domain
      of MLC-kinase and inhibits CaM-induced activation of MLC-kinase.

PMID- 3358765
TI  - Presence of digitalis-like factor in mammalian plasma.
AB  - We attempted to purify a digitalis-like factor from volume expanded dog plasma
      using an inhibitory effect on the binding of [3H]ouabain to intact human
      erythrocytes to monitor digitalis-like activity. A highly polar [3H] ouabain
      displacing compound was purified to a high degree using a combination of
      chromatographic procedures including reverse phase and gel filtration high
      performance liquid chromatography. This compound, a reversible inhibitor of
      [3H]ouabain binding, closely resembles ouabain in its polarity and significantly
      increases during saline infusion. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 343Da.
      Moreover, similar compound was consistently detected in other mammalian plasma.

PMID- 3358766
TI  - Human absorption of fish oil fatty acids as triacylglycerols, free acids, or
      ethyl esters.
AB  - The transient rise in plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids after single-dose
      ingestion of fish oil as triacylglycerols, free acids, or ethyl esters with
      linseed oil as an absorption standard was used to determine the relative
      absorption of fish oil fatty acids in eight men. As free acids, the fish oil
      fatty acids were well absorbed (greater than or equal to 95%). As
      triacylglycerols, eicosapentaenoic acid (1.00 g) and docosahexaenoic acid (0.67
      g) were absorbed only 68% and 57% as well as the free acids. The ethyl esters
      were absorbed only 20% and 21% as well as the free acids. The incomplete
      absorption of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids from fish oil
      triacylglycerols correlates well with known in vitro pancreatic lipase activity.

PMID- 3358767
TI  - Bioactivation of the narcotic drug codeine in human liver is mediated by the
      polymorphic monooxygenase catalyzing debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation (cytochrome P
      450 dbl/bufI).
AB  - Codeine O-demethylation to its active moiety morphine was investigated in human
      liver microsomes from 1 poor and 5 extensive metabolizer subjects (debrisoquine
      type of oxidation polymorphism). Apparent Km of the reaction in one extensive
      metabolizer's microsomes was 149 microM and Vmax 17.6 nmol X mg P-1 X hour-1
      versus greater than 1 mM and 1.6 nmol X mg P-1 X hour-1 respectively in one poor
      metabolizer. In vitro morphine production was competitively inhibited by
      quinidine (Ki 15 nM), the selective inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 dbl/bufI. There
      was also an excellent correlation between dextromethorphan O-demethylation, a
      prototype reaction for cytochrome P-450 dbl/bufI activity, and codeine O
      demethylation. These data allow to conclude that codeine bioactivation to
      morphine is dependent on the polymorphic monooxygenase known as cytochrome
      db1/bufI.

PMID- 3358768
TI  - Use of ryanodine for functional removal of the calcium store in smooth muscle
      cells of the guinea-pig.
AB  - Calcium store of the skinned fibers of the guinea-pig portal vein, pulmonary
      artery and taenia caeci consisted of two classes: one with both Ca-induced Ca
      release (CICR) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca release (IICR)
      mechanisms (S alpha) and the other only with IICR mechanisms (S beta). Ryanodine,
      applied during the CICR was activated, locked the CICR channels open, but the
      drug had practically no effect on the IICR mechanism. Thus, after the ryanodine
      treatment the Ca store with the CICR (S alpha) lost its capacity to hold Ca.
      Changes in the agonist-evoked contraction of intact muscle due to the ryanodine
      treatment suggest that agonists release Ca from S alpha which produces the
      initial phase of contractures.

PMID- 3358769
TI  - Chronic ethanol consumption inhibits repair of dimethylnitrosamine-induced DNA
      alkylation.
AB  - Chronic ethanol consumption causes a DNA repair deficiency. This was demonstrated
      in Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 14C-labeled dimethylnitrosamine after being
      pair-fed isocaloric, ethanol, or carbohydrate control diets for 4 weeks. Hepatic
      DNA was isolated from rats killed at intervals over a 36 hour period after
      administration of the nitrosamine and concentrations of alkylated guanine
      derivatives were measured. While N7-methylguanine was lost at equivalent rates
      from the DNA of both diet groups, 06methylguanine, a promutagenic lesion,
      persisted at higher levels for longer periods of time in the DNA from the alcohol
      fed animals.

PMID- 3358770
TI  - Increase of estrogen receptor level by thyroxine in estrogen dependent pituitary
      tumor (MtT/F84) in rats.
AB  - A rat transplantable pituitary tumor, MtT/F84, grows much faster in E2 treated
      rats than in normal females, but is much retarded in thyroidectomized rats.
      Triiodothyronine (T3) administration in a drinking water increased the tumor
      growth by the dose dependent manner. The tumor contained both estrogen receptor
      (ER) and T3 receptor. ER levels both in the nuclei and cytosols elevated 2 to 3
      times by the T3 administration compared to those of control. E2 administration
      promotes the growth of MtT/F84 through elevation of nuclear ER level. T3 may
      directly elevate cellular ER level and thus it may enhance estrogenic actions
      including the tumor growth.

PMID- 3358771
TI  - Partial purification of a protein growth inhibitor from multicellular spheroids.
AB  - We report the partial purification of growth inhibitors extracted from human and
      mouse multicellular tumor spheroids with extensive necrosis. Sephadex G-100
      column chromatography of spheroid extracts separated inhibitory fractions which
      eluted just after the void volume of the column. Identical chromatography of
      monolayer cell extracts showed no inhibitory activity. High-performance liquid
      chromatography of spheroid extracts separated single active peaks at apparent
      molecular weights of 80-89 kD. These extracts were extremely heat labile, and
      activity was destroyed by moderate trypsin treatment. The isolation of similar
      growth inhibitors from spheroids of two cell lines suggests that inhibition is
      important in tumor cell growth control in a three-dimensional situation.

PMID- 3358772
TI  - Efficient and easy synthesis of octathymidylate covalently linked to
      intercalating 9-aminoellipticine.
AB  - Reductive amination of 3'-apurinic octathymidylate with 9-aminoellipticine
      provides octathymidylate covalently linked to intercalating ellipticine through a
      3,4-dihydroxypentamethylene linker. Studies of its binding properties to poly(rA)
      reveals the formation of two different complexes depending of the temperature (Tm
      13 degrees C and 38 degrees C) with dT/rA stoichiometry respectively equal to 2/1
      and 1/1. When compared to parent octathymidylate, stability of the latter duplex
      is enhanced by the interaction energy provided by the dye moiety.

PMID- 3358773
TI  - The 27,000 daltons stress proteins are phosphorylated by protein kinase C during
      the tumor promoter-mediated growth inhibition of human mammary carcinoma cells.
AB  - Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) inhibited growth of human mammary carcinoma
      cell lines and increased mainly the phosphorylation of two cytosolic
      phosphoproteins (pp) of 27 kD with isoelectric points of 5.5 (pp27a) and 5.0
      (pp27b). The time course of pp27 phosphorylation closely paralleled the rapid PMA
      induced subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C (PKC) activity and its
      subsequent down regulation. Addition of phospholipase C and fetal calf serum to
      intact cells or purified PKC to a cell free system enhanced the phosphorylation
      of both pp27 suggesting that the two polypeptides are specific substrates for
      PKC. Exposure of human mammary carcinoma cells to stress inducers such as
      arsenite or cadmium increased the 32P incorporation of both pp27 to an extent
      comparable to PMA. The increased phosphorus content following stress was rather
      due to a higher rate of synthesis of both pp27 than to a higher phosphorylation
      state of these polypeptides as determined by [3H]-leucine labeling. These results
      indicate that the major substrates of PKC, phosphorylated during the PMA-induced
      growth inhibition of human mammary carcinoma cells, are members of the stress
      protein family, suggesting a new possible function for these proteins.

PMID- 3358774
TI  - The structure of proteins in aqueous solutions: an assessment of triose phosphate
      isomerase structure by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - Recent resolution enhancement and curve-fitting techniques have been applied to
      infrared spectra from triose phosphate isomerase in aqueous solution, in order to
      obtain quantitative information on its secondary structure. From our results, 57%
      alpha-helix, 25% beta-parallel and 10% beta-turns are predicted, in close
      agreement with the X-ray crystallographic data. On the other hand, measurements
      of band intensities, both in original and deconvolved spectra are shown to be
      unreliable for the quantification of secondary structures. The presence of beta
      edge structure interacting with the alpha-helical barrel is described and
      discussed.

PMID- 3358775
TI  - Increased sulfate uptake in skin fibroblasts isolated from cystic fibrosis
      patients.
AB  - Sulfate uptake into skin fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis is
      increased. Sulfate transport studies were carried out in skin fibroblasts
      isolated from age/sex matched cystic fibrosis and normal subjects. Sulfate
      transport occurred mainly via a carrier-mediated proton-stimulated S04(2)-/Cl
      exchange. The capacity (Vmax) of the uptake system operating at physiological
      concentrations of sulfate was stimulated in cystic fibrosis, but the affinity of
      the carrier for sulfate was not altered.

PMID- 3358776
TI  - Reversible inhibition of aromatic hydroxylation of methamphetamine in rat liver
      microsomal preparations pretreated with methamphetamine.
AB  - The effects of a single and repeated administration of methamphetamine (MP) in
      vivo in rats on its own metabolism in vitro were investigated. In both cases, the
      p-hydroxylation of MP to p-hydroxymethamphetamine by a microsomal fraction from
      rat liver was inhibited for a period of 16 hr after the last injection of MP.
      This inhibition was diminished by dialysis of the microsomal preparations. In
      contrast, the reduced level of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes from rats
      pretreated with the SKF 525-A did not revert to the control value after dialysis.
      When microsomes were preincubated with N-hydroxymethamphetamine, which is the
      metabolite of MP and a potent substrate for the formation of a metabolic
      intermediate (MI) complex with cytochrome P-450, the content of the MI was
      increased and the MP-hydroxylation activity decreased in direct proportion to the
      length of the preincubation. These results suggest that the inhibition of MP
      hydroxylation may be due to reduction of the level of cytochrome P-450 that
      accompanies the formation of the MI complex. Furthermore, it appears that the
      complex can be dissociated by dialysis.

PMID- 3358777
TI  - The role of intestinal microflora in the formation of the methylthio adduct
      metabolites of paracetamol. Studies in neomycin-pretreated and germ-free mice.
AB  - The contribution of the gastrointestinal microflora to the formation of
      methylthio adducts from paracetamol has been studied by comparing the fate of
      this drug in conventional mice with that in germ-free and neomycin-treated
      animals. In both germ-free and neomycin-treated mice there was a highly
      significant reduction in the urinary excretion of 3-methylthioparacetamol, its
      glucuronic acid and sulfate conjugates and its sulfoxide, with no other systemic
      alteration to the overall fate of the drug. These data are consistent with the
      gut flora playing a major role in the C-S cleavage of paracetamol-3-cysteine,
      thereby reducing the excretion of the array of methylthio adducts subsequently
      formed by tissue enzymes from 3-thioparacetamol, the putative product of the C-S
      cleavage.

PMID- 3358778
TI  - Modulation of collagen metabolism by glucocorticoids. Receptor-mediated effects
      of dexamethasone on collagen biosynthesis in chick embryo fibroblasts and
      chondrocytes.
AB  - The steroid modulation of collagen metabolism was studied by injecting chick
      embryos with dexamethasone in vivo, and collagen synthesis was subsequently
      assayed by pulse-labeling the tissue with [14C]proline in vitro. The synthesis of
      [14C]hydroxyproline in tendons and sterna from chick embryos treated with
      dexamethasone was markedly reduced as compared with untreated controls. The
      inhibition of [3H]hydroxyproline synthesis was accompanied by a similar reduction
      in type I and II procollagen mRNA levels, as detected by Northern blot and dot
      blot hybridizations with chick pro alpha 1(I), pro alpha 2(I) and pro alpha 1(II)
      sequence specific cDNAs. The reduction in type II procollagen mRNA level was
      shown to be dose dependent. Control experiments indicated that the post
      translational hydroxylation of prolyl residues was only slightly decreased in
      dexamethasone treated animals, and that the specific activity of the
      intracellular free proline pool and the intracellular degradation of collagen
      were unchanged. To address the mechanisms of the inhibition of collagen
      biosynthesis, specific binding of dexamethasone to glucocorticoid receptors in
      chick embryo tendon and cartilage cells was studied in a whole cell assay using
      [3H]dexamethasone as the ligand. Matrix-free tendon and cartilage cells had
      approximately 19,000 and 15,000 receptor sites per cell, respectively, and the
      binding affinities (Kd) for dexamethasone in tendon and cartilage cells were 2.9
      x 10(-9) and 2.3 x 10(-9) M. Comparable values were obtained using a cytosol
      binding assay. The nuclear binding of dexamethasone in tendon and cartilage cells
      were similar. The results suggest that the dexamethasone-induced inhibition of
      collagen production is primarily due to decreased levels of functional
      procollagen mRNA, possibly resulting from receptor-mediated inhibition of the
      gene expression on the transcriptional level.

PMID- 3358779
TI  - Effects of 8-N,N-diethylamino-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) HCl and
      verapamil on the metabolism of free fatty acid by hepatocytes.
AB  - The influence of calcium antagonists on hepatic lipid metabolism was investigated
      in freshly dispersed rat hepatocytes incubated with [1-14C]oleate and verapamil
      or 8-N,N-diethylamino-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8). Synthesis of
      triglyceride was calculated from the specific radioactivity of [1-14C]oleate in
      extracted total lipid, after separation of each lipid class by thin-layer
      chromatography. Ketogenesis was measured enzymatically or as the amount of
      radioactivity incorporated into neutralized acid-soluble extracts. Neither
      verapamil nor TMB-8 affected triglyceride synthesis. In contrast, TMB-8 and
      verapamil exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of ketogenesis, with TMB-8
      being more potent than verapamil (inhibition by 50 microM TMB-8 was 73 +/- 9%
      versus 38 +/- 2% inhibition by 50 microM verapamil). Increasing the
      concentrations of calcium (0 to 4.2 mM) or oleate (0 to 2.0 mM) increased the
      rate of ketogenesis but did not alter the antiketogenic potency of TMB-8 or
      verapamil, indicating that inhibition of ketogenesis by these drugs was not
      calcium dependent. Since the calcium antagonists did not affect ketogenesis from
      octanoic acid, and since carnitine stimulated ketogenesis from [1-14C]oleate by
      25% and reversed the antiketogenic effects of TMB-8 and verapamil, it appeared
      that the two calcium antagonists inhibited ketogenesis by interfering with the
      activity of the outer mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase. In assays of
      the outer carnitine palmitoyltransferase in isolated mitochondria, both TMB-8 and
      verapamil were inhibitory. TMB-8 was the more potent inhibitor of this enzyme,
      and carnitine was able to overcome inhibition by each of the inhibitors. These
      results suggest that verapamil and TMB-8 may inhibit ketogenesis by mechanisms
      independent of their well known effects on cellular calcium concentrations, and
      that inhibition may be competitive with respect to carnitine concentration.
      However, direct inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase may not explain
      completely the inhibition of ketogenesis by these drugs, since concentrations
      required for enzyme inhibition were greater than those required for inhibition of
      ketogenesis in isolated hepatocytes.

PMID- 3358780
TI  - Effect of nitrogen dioxide on surface membrane fluidity and insulin receptor
      binding of pulmonary endothelial cells.
AB  - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an environmental oxidant pollutant, is known to
      peroxidize membrane lipids of lung cells. We evaluated the ability of NO2 to
      alter the surface membrane fluidity, lipid composition, and insulin receptor
      binding of porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture. After 3- to 24
      hr exposure to 5 ppm NO2, cells were labeled with either 1-(4
      trimethylaminophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH), a cationic fluorescent
      aromatic hydrocarbon that anchors at the lipid-water interface, or fluorescamine,
      a fluorescent molecular probe that covalently binds with amino groups of surface
      phospholipids and proteins. Membrane fluidity was measured by monitoring changes
      in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropies (rs) for TMA-DPH and fluorescamine.
      Insulin specific receptor binding was monitored by measuring time-dependent
      binding of 125I-insulin. Following NO2 exposure, rs values for TMA-DPH and
      fluorescamine were increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion, with
      maximum increases at 24 hr (P less than 0.001). Similar increases in rs values
      were observed in isolated plasma membranes as well as in lipid vesicles prepared
      from total lipid extracts of endothelial cells or their plasma membranes.
      Phosphatidylethanolamine plus phosphatidylserine content in lipid extracts from
      24-hr but not 3- to 12-hr NO2-exposed cells was increased significantly (P less
      than 0.01) compared to control cells. Specific binding of 125I-insulin to cells
      exposed to NO2 for 12 and 24 hr (but not 3 and 6 hr) was reduced significantly (P
      less than 0.05) compared to binding in control cells. Scatchard analysis of the
      binding data indicated that NO2 exposure caused a 5-fold reduction in insulin
      receptor binding sites in endothelial cells. Recovery was achieved 24 hr after
      NO2 exposure with, but not without, changing culture medium. These results
      indicate that NO2 exposure causes reversible changes in the physical state of
      lipids in the superficial lipid domains of the pulmonary endothelial cell plasma
      membrane, and these alterations may interfere with plasma membrane-dependent
      functions such as receptor-ligand interaction.

PMID- 3358781
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative differences in the induction and inhibition of
      hepatic benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in the rat and hamster.
AB  - The present study compared the induction and inhibition of the metabolism of the
      prototype polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), in rat and
      hamster liver microsomes. The production of total polar metabolites was
      quantitated by separating 3H-metabolites from [3H]-BaP using reverse-phase thin
      layer chromatography. The rate of hepatic microsomal BaP metabolism was similar
      in the rat and hamster (0.81 vs 0.72 nmol/min/nmol cytochrome P-450
      respectively). In the rat, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 5
      micrograms/kg, i.p.) and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC; 50 mg/kg, i.p., X 3 days)
      pretreatments doubled the rate of BaP metabolism, whereas phenobarbital
      pretreatment (PB; 80 mg/kg, i.p., X 3 days) had no effect. In contrast, hamster
      hepatic microsomal BaP metabolism was elevated 2.3-fold by PB pretreatment,
      whereas TCDD and 3-MC pretreatments had no effect. Isosafrole pretreatment (ISO;
      150 mg/kg, i.p., X 3 days) elevated the rate by almost 2-fold in each species.
      Another cytochrome P-448-mediated activity, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      (EROD), was induced by the same compounds that induced BaP metabolism in the rat.
      In hamster liver microsomes, in contrast to BaP metabolism, EROD was induced by
      TCDD and 3-MC but not PB or ISO pretreatments. The results suggest differences in
      the substrate specificity of the cytochromes P-448-450 induced by TCDD, 3-MC and
      PB in these species. This was supported by the different selectivity of the in
      vitro inhibitors, metyrapone and 7,8-benzoflavone, towards BaP metabolism and
      EROD in hepatic microsomes from TCDD- or PB-pretreated rats and hamsters. Reverse
      phase HPLC analysis indicated that, while 3-hydroxy-BaP was the major metabolite
      formed by the untreated rat, untreated hamster liver microsomes formed
      predominantly BaP-4,5-diol. Microsomes from TCDD-treated rats generated elevated
      levels of all BaP-diols, diones and 3-hydroxy-BaP, with the major metabolites
      being BaP-9,10- and BaP-7,8-diols. In contrast, the metabolite profile from TCDD
      pretreated hamsters was unchanged from the control. PB-treated hamster microsomes
      produced elevated levels of BaP-diones and 3-hydroxy-BaP. However, the major
      hepatic metabolite formed by PB-pretreated hamsters was BaP-4,5-diol, while BaP
      9,10- and BaP-7,8-diols were not detected. The results of the study indicate
      differences in the induced cytochrome P-450s and the generation of toxic BaP
      metabolites in the liver of the rat and hamster.

PMID- 3358782
TI  - Effect of perfused rat mandibular-gland pHI on the ratio of procainamide
      concentration in saliva to that in venous effluent.
AB  - The saliva to venous-effluent concentration ratio (S/E ratio) for procainamide
      (PA) was determined and compared with the ratio calculated by using the
      intracellular pH value of glandular cells. Exposed mandibular gland was perfused
      in situ with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing PA (10-100 micrograms/ml)
      and acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1 to 10 microM) or pilocarpine (10 microM). These
      perfusion conditions maintained almost normal physiological function of the
      mandibular gland throughout the perfusion period of 60 min, since the salivary
      Na+ and K+ concentrations were kept at almost constant levels, comparable with
      those reported in vivo, and the salivary flow, pH and protein level were also
      stabilized. Under fixed stimulation conditions with 1 microM ACh or 10 microM
      pilocarpine, the perfusate PA concentration ranging from 20 to 100 micrograms/ml
      did not affect the S/E ratio (approximately 0.3). There was a negative
      correlation between the S/E ratio and salivary pH when stimulated with 0.1 to 10
      microM ACh. However, Matin's equation [S. B. Matin et al., Clin. Pharmac. Ther.
      16, 1052 (1974)] employing venous effluent and salivary pH values did not explain
      fully these observed ratios. In contrast, Borzelleca's model [J. F. Borzelleca
      and J. W. Putney, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 174, 527 (1970)] for salivary drug
      transport using intracellular pH of the mandibular gland cells predicted S/E
      ratios relatively close to the observed values when the gland was perfused at pH
      7.4 or 8.0.

PMID- 3358783
TI  - Biologic and toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran
      congeners in the guinea pig. Quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AB  - The dose-response effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-,
      1,2,3,7,9-, and 2,3,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran on body weight loss and hepatic
      microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
      (EROD) induction were determined in the immature male guinea pig. The ED50 values
      for each compound were measured for the three in vivo responses. The quantitative
      structure-activity relationships clearly illustrated that the most toxic
      congeners were substituted in the lateral 2, 3, 7 and 8 positions, and removal of
      a lateral chlorine group substantially reduced the potency of the resulting
      compound. The most toxic congener in this series was 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p
      dioxin in which the in vivo ED50 values for AHH and EROD induction and body
      weight loss were 2.8 X 10(-10), 9.3 X 10(-11) and 5.6 X 10(-9) mol/kg. The
      structure-activity relationships observed in this study were comparable to those
      previously reported in rats and rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture. Moreover,
      there was an excellent linear correlation between in vivo -log ED50 values for
      body weight loss, AHH and EROD induction and the corresponding in vitro -log EC50
      data for AHH induction in rat hepatoma cells [S. Safe, Chemosphere 16, 791
      (1987)].

PMID- 3358784
TI  - Differential effects of antipsychotic drugs on the neurotensin concentration of
      discrete rat brain nuclei.
AB  - The present study mapped the topographic distribution of, and the effect of
      neuropharmacologically distinct antipsychotic drugs on, the concentration of
      neurotensin (NT) in the rat brain at the level of discrete nuclei or areas. The
      chronic administration of either haloperidol or clozapine increased the
      concentration of NT-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) in the nucleus accumbens and
      decreased it in the medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex and in the
      interstitial (bed) nucleus of the stria terminalis. In contrast, the prolonged
      administration of haloperidol, but not clozapine, increased the concentration of
      NT-LI in the anterior caudate nucleus and posterior caudate-putamen. The
      concentration of NT-LI in the great majority of the rat brain nuclei examined was
      unaffected by the chronic administration of either antipsychotic drug. This
      pattern of pharmacological response distinguishes NT from all other neuropeptides
      which have been shown to be influenced by prolonged antipsychotic drug
      administration. These findings suggest that the functional information imparted
      to NT-containing cells by neuronal dopamine (DA) release, as inferred from the
      consequences of receptor blockade, varies remarkably between different
      populations of DA neurons and further implicate NT as a neuroanatomically
      selective neurochemical substrate of the adaptive responses mediating the
      therapeutic and motoric side effects of antipsychotic drugs.

PMID- 3358785
TI  - Oxidation of pyrazole to 4-hydroxypyrazole by intact rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 4-Hydroxypyrazole has been identified as a major metabolite found in the urine of
      rats and mice after in vivo administration of pyrazole, a potent inhibitor of
      alcohol dehydrogenase and of ethanol metabolism. The locus and the enzyme systems
      responsible for the oxidation of pyrazole have not been identified. In the
      current report, isolated hepatocytes from fed rats were shown to oxidize pyrazole
      to 4-hydroxypyrazole. An HPLC procedure employing UV and electrochemical
      detection was utilized to separate and quantify the 4-hydroxypyrazole. The
      apparent Km for pyrazole by intact hepatocytes was about 2 mM, whereas the
      apparent Vmax was about 0.06 nmol 4-hydroxypyrazole per min per mg liver cell
      protein. The production of 4-hydroxypyrazole was inhibited by carbon monoxide and
      metyrapone, as well as by competitive drug substrates such as aniline or
      aminopyrine. These results implicate a role for cytochrome P-450 in the oxidation
      of pyrazole by the hepatocytes. Ethanol was an effective inhibitor of pyrazole
      oxidation. Hepatocytes were also isolated from rats treated with acetone and 4
      methylpyrazole, to attempt to evaluate whether pyrazole oxidation is induced. The
      rate of 4-hydroxypyrazole production by hepatocytes after acetone and 4
      methylpyrazole treatment was actually lower than that of controls. Kinetic assays
      suggested the presence of an endogenous inhibitor (perhaps the inducer itself) in
      the induced hepatocytes. In contrast, hepatocytes isolated from rats fasted for
      48 hr showed a 2-fold increase in the oxidation of pyrazole to 4-hydroxypyrazole.
      The Km for pyrazole was the same in hepatocytes from fasted and fed rats, whereas
      Vmax was increased after fasting. The locus and enzyme system responsible for the
      oxidation of pyrazole to 4-hydroxypyrazole, and the site of sensitivity to
      ethanol, appears to be the cytochrome P-450 system of the hepatocyte.

PMID- 3358786
TI  - Biochemical and immunochemical evidence for the induction of an ethanol-inducible
      cytochrome P-450 isozyme in male Syrian golden hamsters.
AB  - The effects of ethanol and of phenobarbital pretreatment on hamster microsomal
      metabolism of aniline and p-nitrophenol have been investigated. Hydroxylation of
      both compounds was increased over 2-fold by ethanol pretreatment, whereas
      phenobarbital pretreatment had little effect on either activity. Ethanol
      pretreatment had no effect on the specific content of total cytochrome P-450,
      while phenobarbital pretreatment increased the specific content 1.6-fold.
      Comparison of the specific activities for aniline hydroxylation and p-nitrophenol
      hydroxylation of individual microsomal samples from control, ethanol-pretreated
      and phenobarbital-pretreated animals showed a high degree of correlation (r2 =
      0.98) consistent with the involvement of the same site for catalysis of these two
      compounds. Antibody to rabbit ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (isozyme 3a)
      inhibited over 80% of the aniline (high affinity) and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase
      activities of microsomes from ethanol-treated hamsters. A comparison of the
      antibody-inhibitable rates for both hydroxylase activities with microsomes from
      untreated, ethanol- or phenobarbital-pretreated hamsters suggested that an
      isozyme homologous to rabbit isozyme 3a (hamster cytochrome P-450alc) was induced
      in hamsters about 3.5-fold by ethanol and was unaffected by phenobarbital. The
      induction of hamster cytochrome P-450alc was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of
      hamster microsomes. A single protein with a molecular weight of approximately
      54,000 was recognized by antibody to the rabbit isozyme. Quantification of the
      immunoblots demonstrated that the hamster isozyme was increased about 3-fold, in
      good agreement with the induction determined by a comparison of the antibody
      inhibitable rates. The results indicated that, although there was no change in
      the total spectrally observable cytochrome P-450, there was a marked change in
      the distribution of the isozymes of cytochrome P-450, with an increase in the
      alcohol-inducible form after 28-day ethanol consumption by chow-fed hamsters.
      This isozyme can be readily monitored by either high-affinity aniline or p
      nitrophenol hydroxylation or by Western immunoblot analysis and appears to be the
      ethanol-inducible form of cytochrome P-450 in hamsters.

PMID- 3358787
TI  - Effect of glutathione depletion on aminopyrine and formaldehyde metabolism.
AB  - In previous studies, diethylmaleate (DEM)- and phorone-induced hepatic
      glutathione (GSH) depletion in rats was accompanied by impaired evolution of
      14CO2 from the N-14C-labeled methyl groups of aminopyrine, which in turn was
      attributed to impaired generation of formaldehyde, its subsequent oxidation to
      formate, or to some combination of both. In the present study, l-buthionine
      sulfoximine (BSO)-induced hepatic GSH depletion was also accompanied by decreased
      evolution of CO2 from aminopyrine, but the extent of the fall in CO2 was less
      than that induced by DEM or phorone, even though the decrease in hepatic GSH was
      comparable with all three GSH-lowering compounds. Incubation of freshly prepared
      normal hepatic microsomes in vitro with the GSH-lowering agents resulted in
      impaired aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APDM) activity with inhibition by phorone
      greater than DEM greater than BSO. By contrast, hepatic microsomes prepared from
      rats pretreated with these compounds had normal APDM activity. 14CO2 evolution
      from i.p. administered [14C]formaldehyde was not impaired by any of the GSH
      lowering compounds. Thus, assessment of APDM activity and formaldehyde metabolism
      did not unequivocally establish the mechanism(s) by which CO2 evolution from
      aminopyrine is depressed by DEM, phorone and BSO, although low GSH is likely to
      impair metabolism of formaldehyde formed in liver after demethylation of
      aminopyrine. Quantitative differences in the degree of depression of CO2
      evolution suggest that at least DEM and phorone exert an additional inhibitory
      effect by a GSH-independent mechanism. This may involve inhibition of aminopyrine
      N-demethylase activity.

PMID- 3358788
TI  - Adrenal mitochondrial metabolism of spironolactone. Absence of metabolic
      activation.
AB  - Previous investigations have established that spironolactone (SL) administration
      to guinea pigs decreases adrenal mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome P-450
      content, and that the latter requires microsomal activation of the drug. Studies
      were carried out to determine if adrenal mitochondrial metabolism (activation) of
      SL was similarly involved in the effects of the drug on mitochondrial cytochrome
      P-450 destruction. Incubation of guinea pig adrenal mitochondria with SL in the
      absence of NADPH resulted in the formation of 7 alpha-thio-SL as the only
      metabolite. In the presence of an NADPH-generating system, an unknown polar
      metabolite was also produced. The mass spectrum of the unknown compound suggested
      that it was a hydroxylated derivative of SL. Incubation of mitochondrial
      preparations with 7 alpha-thio-SL also resulted in the formation of a polar
      metabolite, but the latter had a different HPLC retention time than that of the
      SL metabolite. Formation of the polar SL metabolite was prevented by metyrapone,
      an 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, and was greatest in mitochondria from the
      adrenal zone having the highest 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. Steroid substrates
      for 11 beta-hydroxylation inhibited the production of the SL metabolite.
      Mitochondrial incubations with SL or with 7 alpha-thio-SL in the presence or
      absence of an NADPH-generating system did not affect cytochrome P-450
      concentrations. The results indicate that, unlike the microsomal effects of SL,
      local activation of SL is not responsible for the destruction of adrenal
      mitochondrial cytochromes P-450. The major adrenal mitochondrial metabolites of
      SL appear to be 11 beta-hydroxy-SL and 7 alpha-thio-SL.

PMID- 3358789
TI  - pH-dependent influence of membrane-incorporated flunarizine on Ca-binding to
      phosphatidylserine monolayer membranes.
AB  - The pH-dependent 45Ca binding to phosphatidylserine monolayers was investigated.
      Ca binding increased with increasing pH. Between pH 10 and pH 11 a steep increase
      of Ca binding could be observed. This increase was interpreted to be due to
      complex Ca binding opposed to ionic binding at low pH. Flunarizine added to the
      spreading solution of the monolayer dose dependently displaced up to 100% Ca at
      pH 5 independently of phospholipid packing. At pH 11 less than 20% of Ca could be
      displaced by flunarizine. Intermediate results were found at pH 7. Flunarizine
      displaced less Ca from dense than from loosely packed monolayers at pH 7. The
      results suggest two binding states of flunarizine: ionic binding at low pH and
      apolar binding at high pH. The latter is much less effective in displacing Ca
      from phosphatidylserine monolayers. The Ca displacing properties of charged
      flunarizine may prevent a deleterious phospholipid reorientation within the
      membrane induced by the intracellular Ca rise during ischemia.

PMID- 3358790
TI  - Enhancing effect of bromovinyldeoxyuridine on antitumor activity of 5
      fluorouracil against adenocarcinoma 755 in mice. Increased therapeutic index and
      correlation with increased plasma 5-fluorouracil levels.
AB  - A marked inhibition of the growth of solid tumor adenocarcinoma 755 was achieved
      by the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU).
      The therapeutic index (LD50/ED50) for the combination of BVDU plus 5-FU was 8.1
      and 3.9 upon intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral (p.o.) administration, respectively.
      The therapeutic index of i.p. 5-FU given alone was 2.3, whereas for p.o. 5-FU
      given alone no therapeutic index could be established because of insufficient
      activity of the compound. Thus, the therapeutic index of 5-FU increased
      significantly when combined with BVDU. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that upon
      i.p. or p.o. 5-FU administration plasma 5-FU levels rapidly declined, but that,
      in the combination with BVDU, the plasma clearance of 5-FU, especially following
      p.o. administration, was slowed down considerably. Antitumor activity of 5-FU
      correlated with AUC (area under the concentration x time curve), within the
      plasma 5-FU concentration range from 0.02 to 0.4 microgram/ml.

PMID- 3358791
TI  - Mode of insertion of praziquantel and derivatives into lipid membranes.
AB  - We report here about the relationship between the destabilization of the lipid
      organization induced by praziquantel and derivatives and their mode of insertion
      into the lipid matrix. Measurements of lipid transition temperature and efflux of
      6-carboxyfluorescein encapsulated in liposomes establish the lipid destabilizing
      capacity of praziquantel as compared to praziquantel derivatives. IR spectroscopy
      (attenuated total reflection technique) applied to oriented lipid bilayers
      indicates that praziquantel or derivatives do not modify significantly the lipid
      structure. In order to give a molecular description of the position of the drug
      into the lipid bilayer, we applied a conformational analysis procedure making it
      possible to calculate the structure of amphiphilic molecules assembled in
      aggregates and the mode of insertion of amphiphilic drugs into a lipid layer. The
      praziquantel lipid destabilizing capacity is explained in terms of the high
      praziquantel-lipid interaction and the large area occupied per drug molecule in
      the lipid layer.

PMID- 3358792
TI  - Inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism by the steroid hydroxylase
      inhibitor SU-10'603.
AB  - SU-10'603 is a pyridine derivative that has been widely used as a steroid 17
      hydroxylase inhibitor. Studies were done to compare the effects of SU-10'603 with
      those of the structurally related compound, metyrapone, on hepatic microsomal
      drug metabolism in vitro in rats and guinea pigs. In rat liver microsomes, SU
      10'603 produced a concentration-dependent (0.01 to 1.0 mM) inhibition of
      ethylmorphine demethylation, aniline hydroxylation, and benzo[a]pyrene
      hydroxylation. A concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mM decreased the metabolism of all
      three substrates by approximately 50%. SU-10'603 was a more potent inhibitor of
      ethylmorphine metabolism than metyrapone, and its relative potency was even
      greater with respect to aniline and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism. Similar results
      were obtained with guinea pig liver microsomes. SU-10'603 and metyrapone produced
      type II spectral changes in hepatic microsomes, but the apparent affinity of SU
      10'603 for cytochrome(s) P-450 was greater than that of metyrapone. Both
      compounds inhibited the binding of type I substrates to microsomal cytochromes P
      450; SU-10'603 was the more potent inhibitor. The results indicate that SU-10'603
      is a potent inhibitor of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases whose mechanism of
      action is similar to that of metyrapone.

PMID- 3358793
TI  - Nitrofurazone: kinetics and oxidative stress in the singlepass isolated perfused
      rat liver.
AB  - The disposition of the antibiotic nitrofurazone was studied in the singlepass
      isolated perfused rat liver. Both the effects of the steady-state level of drug
      and the composition of the perfusate were evaluated. The higher level (120
      micrograms/ml) of nitrofurazone in a perfusion medium lacking the glutathione
      (GSH) precursors, glycine, glutamic acid and cysteine, caused a marked increase
      in bile flow (from 1.01 +/- 0.07 to 2.33 +/- 1.07 microliters/min/g), massive
      biliary efflux of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) (from 0.55 +/- 0.07 to 60.6 +/-
      25.4 nmol/min/g) and a sharp decline in the caval efflux of GSH (to undetectable
      levels) and the tissue level of GSH (from 5.74 +/- 0.20 to 2.68 +/- 0.13
      mumol/g). Even after the drug was discontinued, these parameters were not
      restored to control levels. The lower level (30 micrograms/ml) of nitrofurazone
      with or without amino acid supplementation and the higher level with
      supplementation induced less dramatic effects. Using [35S]methionine, a new
      conjugated metabolite of nitrofurazone and glutathione was detected. The data
      suggest that the toxicity of the reactive oxygen species generated by the redox
      cycling of the nitro group and the reactive metabolites generated by further
      reduction of nitrofurazone can be mitigated by adequate glutathione levels, but
      that livers lacking sufficient glutathione to scavenge these reactive species may
      be damaged.

PMID- 3358794
TI  - Inhibition of mouse cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase by 4
      (diethylamino)benzaldehyde.

PMID- 3358795
TI  - Inhibition of the oxidation of the urinary bladder carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine by pyrazole and 4-substituted pyrazoles.

PMID- 3358796
TI  - The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification
      of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were
      formulated from a computerized analysis of 262 contemporary, consecutively
      studied patients with RA and 262 control subjects with rheumatic diseases other
      than RA (non-RA). The new criteria are as follows: 1) morning stiffness in and
      around joints lasting at least 1 hour before maximal improvement; 2) soft tissue
      swelling (arthritis) of 3 or more joint areas observed by a physician; 3)
      swelling (arthritis) of the proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, or
      wrist joints; 4) symmetric swelling (arthritis); 5) rheumatoid nodules; 6) the
      presence of rheumatoid factor; and 7) radiographic erosions and/or periarticular
      osteopenia in hand and/or wrist joints. Criteria 1 through 4 must have been
      present for at least 6 weeks. Rheumatoid arthritis is defined by the presence of
      4 or more criteria, and no further qualifications (classic, definite, or
      probable) or list of exclusions are required. In addition, a "classification
      tree" schema is presented which performs equally as well as the traditional (4 of
      7) format. The new criteria demonstrated 91-94% sensitivity and 89% specificity
      for RA when compared with non-RA rheumatic disease control subjects.

PMID- 3358797
TI  - Abnormal glycosylation of serum IgG from patients with chronic inflammatory
      diseases.
AB  - Results of carbohydrate analysis of serum IgG from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) confirmed an earlier report that IgG from patients with RA is
      galactosylated to a lesser extent than IgG from healthy individuals. In contrast
      to the previous report, we found that the content of galactose in IgG from
      controls and RA patients was negatively correlated with age (P = 0.026 and P =
      0.010, respectively). In RA patients, the IgG content of galactose was also
      negatively correlated with the pain index (P less than 0.05) and was lower in the
      presence of rheumatoid factor (P less than 0.05). No correlation was found
      between the galactose deficiency of IgG from RA patients and sex, race, duration
      of disease, packed red blood cell volume, radiographic grade, disability index,
      extraarticular manifestations, articular erosions, or treatment with steroids.
      Furthermore, no correlation was found between the galactose content of IgG and
      serum levels of IgM rheumatoid factor or the ability of IgG to bind IgM
      rheumatoid factor in vitro. Significant galactose deficiency was also detected in
      IgG from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Crohn's disease, which
      suggests that the defect in the galactosylation of IgG is a feature common to a
      variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. The biologic significance of this
      observation remains unclear.

PMID- 3358798
TI  - Arthritis-associated changes in flow cytometric characteristics of cultured
      synovial fibroblasts.
AB  - Synovial fibroblasts cultured from patients with rheumatoid or reactive arthritis
      and from controls were studied by flow cytometry, spectroscopy, and electron
      microscopy. Analysis of 29 cell lines revealed consistent differences between
      arthritic and normal fibroblasts. Cells cultured from inflamed synovial tissue
      exhibited higher autofluorescence than did control fibroblasts, and displayed
      exceptional light scatter properties in flow cytometry, indicating changes in
      cytoplasmic structures. Electron microscopic examination of the fibroblasts from
      arthritic synovial tissue revealed large numbers of round, swollen, laminated,
      mitochondrion-like bodies, which were not observed in the control fibroblasts.
      The changes observed by flow cytometry (light scatter and autofluorescence)
      coincided with the presence of the mitochondrion-like organelles. The strong
      autofluorescence observed in the arthritic fibroblasts resembled the fluorescence
      spectrum of mitochondrial flavoproteins. These data suggest that persistent
      metabolic and structural changes have occurred in the mitochondria of synovial
      fibroblasts and inflammatory synovial tissue. The usefulness of flow cytometry in
      identifying such cells is described.

PMID- 3358799
TI  - The importance of age, education, and comorbidity in the substantial earnings
      losses of individuals with symmetric polyarthritis.
AB  - A population-based survey designed to be representative of the entire US
      population of working age (18-64 years) includes data on pain and swelling of
      specific joints in each subject. We analyzed these data to estimate work status
      and disability status, as well as earnings losses, associated with Symmetric
      Polyarthritis. Subjects identified in the survey as having Symmetric
      Polyarthritis were similar in age, race, sex, and marital status to rheumatoid
      arthritis patients seen in clinical settings. Overall, 51% of women with
      Symmetric Polyarthritis and 47% of men with Symmetric Polyarthritis were severely
      disabled, compared with 4.5% of women and 3.7% of men with no arthritis. Earnings
      of women and men with Symmetric Polyarthritis were only 27% and 48%,
      respectively, of earnings of individuals without arthritis. The total earnings
      gap between the 2 groups was +17.6 billion (1986 dollars). Econometric regression
      analyses indicated that about one-third of this earnings gap was explained by the
      presence of Symmetric Polyarthritis. The remaining two-thirds was explained by
      differences in age, education, and comorbidity between individuals with Symmetric
      Polyarthritis and those without arthritis. The earnings of individuals with
      Symmetric Polyarthritis, therefore, would be expected to be considerably lower
      than those of the general population, even if these individuals were not affected
      by arthritis. Nonetheless, earnings losses of at least +6.5 billion annually are
      explained by Symmetric Polyarthritis.

PMID- 3358800
TI  - DNA sequence and conformation specificity of lupus autoantibodies. Preferential
      binding to the left-handed Z-DNA form of synthetic polynucleotides.
AB  - The binding specificity of 16 sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
      patients was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using 4 native
      DNAs of different guanine-cytosine (G-C) content and a group of synthetic
      polynucleotides. All the SLE sera showed increased binding to poly(dA-dC).poly(dG
      dT), compared with calf thymus DNA in the right-handed B conformation. No
      significant differences were noted in binding of selected SLE sera to the native
      DNAs that differed in G-C content or superhelicity of DNA. With poly(dG
      dC).poly(dG-dC) and poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC), the majority of SLE sera showed
      a preferential binding to the salt-induced Z form, compared with the B form. In
      addition, an average twelve-fold increase was found in binding to Z-form
      brominated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) compared with B-form poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC),
      when the polymers were coated on the plates in 0.15M NaCl. The preferential
      binding of SLE sera to poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) and to Z-DNA may be important in
      the formation of circulating immune complexes and subsequent vascular damage, or
      may provide a clue to the mechanism of production of anti-DNA antibodies in this
      disease.

PMID- 3358801
TI  - Renal vascular histology and morphometry in systemic sclerosis. A case-control
      autopsy study.
AB  - An autopsy case-control study of renal vascular histology and morphometry in
      systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) was performed. Thirty-five of 70 systemic
      sclerosis cases had renal tissue available for study: 26 had diffuse cutaneous
      involvement (9 with "renal crisis" and 17 without) and 9 had limited cutaneous
      disease (CREST syndrome [calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal
      dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias]). Age-matched (within 10 years) and
      sex-matched controls with renal specimens were obtained. New sections were cut
      from tissue blocks, and morphometry was completed using a Zeiss Image Analyzer.
      Using analysis of variance, the intimal area (Ai) was significantly increased
      (intimal thickening) in small and medium-sized arteries of patients with diffuse
      scleroderma and in small arteries of CREST patients, compared with those in
      controls, while a decreased medial area (Am) was seen consistently in all groups.
      The proportion of the vessel wall occupied by intima (Ai:[Ai + Am]) was
      significantly greater in all vessel size groups in patients with diffuse
      scleroderma compared with that in controls. The percentage of luminal occlusion
      was greatest in patients with diffuse disease with renal crisis. These same
      patients had severe edematous and mucinous intimal thickening in small and medium
      vessels, often in association with fibrinoid necrosis. We conclude that renal
      vascular structural changes are an integral part of systemic sclerosis. However,
      the significant differences between diffuse scleroderma patients and CREST
      syndrome patients, for both intimal thickening and percentage of luminal
      occlusion, suggest that the arterial disease in these 2 patient subsets is
      distinctive.

PMID- 3358802
TI  - Encapsulation of indomethacin in liposomes provides protection against both
      gastric and intestinal ulceration when orally administered to rats.
AB  - Encapsulation of indomethacin into egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) monophasic
      vesicles (MPV) or into stable plurilamellar vesicles (SPLV) before oral
      administration to rats substantially reduced or eliminated the gastric and
      intestinal ulceration normally associated with ingestion of this drug. Ulcers
      were assessed by the 4-hour single-dose gastric ulceration model and the 4- or 14
      day repeated-dose intestinal ulceration model, using microscopic/planimetric
      quantitation. Oral dosages of up to 10 mg/kg of indomethacin in polyethylene
      glycol-400 resulted in substantial gastric ulceration, but not when given in
      methylcellulose suspension or as EPCMPV. Severe intestinal ulcers resulted
      following oral administration of indomethacin in either vehicle at daily 3-4
      mg/kg doses, but did not result from EPCMPV formulations, whether dosed for 4
      days or 14 days. Oral administration of pH-sensitive indomethacin liposomes
      constructed from cholesterol hemisuccinate resulted in loss of the protective
      action. Indomethacin-MPV showed both comparable bioactivity and comparable blood
      levels of the drug when contrasted with free drug in vehicles. Biodistribution
      studies demonstrated that when delivered from liposomes, drug and phospholipid
      are rapidly cleared through the stomach but then are differentially absorbed.
      Empty EPCMPV given by mouth also offered some protection against ulcers induced
      by systemic (subcutaneous) introduction of indomethacin, although better
      protective action was noted when the drug was first liposome-encapsulated and
      then given orally. The application of liposomes to the development of
      nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that have minimal gastrointestinal side
      effects is discussed.

PMID- 3358803
TI  - The relationship of socioeconomic status to subsequent health status in systemic
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We examined the relationship of socioeconomic status to health status, as
      determined by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, in 78 systemic lupus
      erythematosus patients who had been entered into a prospective study. After
      controlling for age, disease duration, and disease severity, a significant
      relationship between socioeconomic status and outcome was not demonstrated. All
      study subjects had health insurance for medical services. The results have
      potential implications for health care policy.

PMID- 3358804
TI  - Epidemiology of Reiter's syndrome in Rochester, Minnesota: 1950-1980.
AB  - The incidence of Reiter's syndrome in a predominantly white, community-based
      population is reported. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate for males younger
      than age 50 was 3.5 per 100,000. No female cases were identified. Over time, a
      greater proportion of cases have been identified among younger males. In 63% of
      the patients, either a prolonged or relapsing disease course occurred.

PMID- 3358805
TI  - Common tests for rheumatoid factors: poorly standardized but ubiquitous.
AB  - Rheumatoid factor (RF) test results reported in the College of American
      Pathologists' surveys for 1983-1985 lacked inter-laboratory reliability and
      mutual validity. Using the 4 most popular commercial kits for RF testing,
      participating laboratories consistently identified as "positive" or "negative"
      all but the weakly positive samples. A wide range of titers was reported on
      qualitative testing, however. One popular kit using a modified sheep red blood
      cell agglutination technique yielded results that differed markedly from those
      with other kits. Investigators apparently have paid little attention to these
      discrepancies. In Arthritis & Rheumatism, from 1983 to 1985, over 50% of the
      articles that referred directly or indirectly to RFs omitted details of RF
      methodology. Until a reliable RF test is adopted, it is essential that such
      methodologic information be specified.

PMID- 3358806
TI  - Some adverse reactions to allopurinol may be mediated by lymphocyte reactivity to
      oxypurinol.
AB  - Six of 9 patients with previously documented adverse reactions to allopurinol
      exhibited transformation of their peripheral blood lymphocytes when these were
      exposed in vitro to the allopurinol metabolite, oxypurinol. In 2 of these
      subjects, intradermal skin challenge was positive at 48 hours with either
      allopurinol or oxypurinol. The evidence presented suggests that some adverse
      reactions to allopurinol represent delayed-type hypersensitivity to oxypurinol.

PMID- 3358808
TI  - The effect of nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, and beta-cyanoalanine on cultured
      chondrocytes.

PMID- 3358807
TI  - Spinal cord compression by epidural lipomatosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two cases of spinal cord compression secondary to steroid-induced epidural
      lipomatosis in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients are
      reported. This complication of prolonged corticosteroid therapy has not been
      described previously in children with JRA. Epidural lipomatosis should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of JRA patients receiving high-dose
      and/or prolonged corticosteroid therapy who present with neurologic signs and
      symptoms referable to the spinal cord.

PMID- 3358809
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity in Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - In a series of 111 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis who were given
      cyclophosphamide therapy, hemorrhagic cystitis, diagnosed on the basis of gross
      hematuria or at cystoscopy (or both), developed in 17 (15%). Most of these
      patients recovered uneventfully, with or without the discontinuation of
      cyclophosphamide, but 4 patients suffered a significant loss of blood, and
      bladder carcinoma developed in 3. New microhematuria also occurred in 52 patients
      (47%). The dose and duration of cyclophosphamide were greater in the group that
      had urotoxicity. Long-term followup of patients with hemorrhagic cystitis is
      mandatory for the detection of late recurrences or the development of bladder
      malignancy. New therapies are being directed at protecting the bladder from
      urotoxicity during cyclophosphamide treatment.

PMID- 3358810
TI  - Team versus non-team outpatient care in rheumatoid arthritis. A comprehensive
      outcome evaluation including an overall health measure.
AB  - In a rheumatology department, 2 randomized groups of female outpatients with
      rheumatoid arthritis were studied prospectively for 1 year. The outcome of
      multidisciplinary team care (T group, 31 patients) was compared with that of
      regular outpatient clinic care (NT group, 28 patients). Pharmacologic treatment
      and orthopedic specialist consultations were similar in both groups, but use of
      paramedical care was higher in the T group. Outcome measures of disease activity,
      specific joint function, and self-rated physical discomfort disclosed no
      significant differences between the 2 groups. Mental well-being increased in the
      T group. Overall health, measured by the Sickness Impact Profile, improved
      significantly only in the T group. This improvement was also significant compared
      with the NT group.

PMID- 3358811
TI  - Progressive depletion of hyaluronic acid in early experimental osteoarthritis in
      dogs.
AB  - The hyaluronic acid (HA) content of articular cartilage was studied in early
      experimental osteoarthritis (OA) in 16 normal dogs. The anterior cruciate
      ligament in the right knees of the dogs was transected; their left knees served
      as sham operated controls. The animals were killed at 7 and 14 weeks postsurgery.
      Although their total hexuronate, and thus proteoglycan, content remained
      unaltered during the period of study, the different weight-bearing areas of the
      OA knees displayed a progressive and significant decrease in HA content. We found
      no differences in the molecular weight and in vitro aggregating capacity of the
      HA molecules from OA cartilage versus those from control cartilage. This early
      relative depletion of HA could contribute significantly to the biochemical
      alterations of OA cartilage. Furthermore, it appears to be a good parameter for
      the differentiation of changes related to OA and changes related to aging.

PMID- 3358812
TI  - Effects of warming up on reliability of anthropometric techniques in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - To determine the effect of warm-up on anthropometric measures, 10 patients with
      ankylosing spondylitis and 10 normal control subjects were measured over a 1-hour
      period by one therapist. A series of 4 measures--a modified Schober's test,
      finger-to-floor with the subject standing on a 23-cm stool, chest expansion, and
      cervical rotation using an arthrodial protractor--were repeated completely 4
      times. Subjects exercised between each series (except between the third and
      fourth series). Intra-rater reliability was determined by comparing measurement 3
      with measurement 4, and the warm-up effect was determined by comparing
      measurement 1 with measurement 3. The Schober's test and chest expansion are
      stable measures and are not affected by warm-up. However, the finger-to-floor and
      cervical rotation exercises require warm-up to ensure stable values for clinical
      or research followup of spondylitis.

PMID- 3358814
TI  - Spontaneous cartilage degeneration in guinea pigs.
AB  - Spontaneous degeneration of the knee joint cartilage in male Hartley guinea pigs
      was studied by light microscopy in animals aged 3-18 months. Unilateral focal
      degeneration, characterized by chondrocyte death and proteoglycan loss with
      surface fibrillation, was observed on the medial tibial plateau in 2 of 5 guinea
      pigs that were 3 months old. The incidence and severity of the lesions increased
      with age, and by 12-18 months of age, all animals had moderate-to-severe
      degeneration of the medial tibial plateau, femoral condyle, and meniscus. Lesions
      were not present on the lateral aspect of the knee joint in any of the animals.

PMID- 3358813
TI  - Identification of cartilage matrix glycoprotein in synovial fluid in human
      osteoarthritis.
AB  - Cartilage matrix glycoprotein (CMGP) is a high molecular weight protein found in
      hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. It consists of disulfide-bonded subunits,
      each with an apparent molecular weight of 116,000. Fragmentation of CMGP is noted
      in extracts of osteoarthritic canine cartilage. CMGP has been identified in the
      serum and synovial fluid of dogs with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. It
      has now been identified in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic human joints but
      not in synovial fluid from joints of patients with other arthritides or joint
      abnormalities. The possible significance of CMGP in synovial fluid in human
      osteoarthritis is discussed.

PMID- 3358815
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia presenting as a lupus-like illness.
AB  - We describe a young Hispanic man who presented with features suggestive of a
      diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Eventually, a bone marrow biopsy was
      performed, and it revealed the presence of hairy cell leukemia. This case of a
      lupus-like syndrome should be added to the list of reported rheumatic syndromes
      that are associated with hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3358816
TI  - Comment on the article by Fronek et al. (Systemic lupus erythematosus)

PMID- 3358817
TI  - Wilson's disease presenting as isolated arthritis of the hip.

PMID- 3358818
TI  - Complications of oral contraceptives and antiphospholipid antibodies: reply to
      the letter by Bruneau et al.

PMID- 3358819
TI  - Cardiac function after alcohol ingestion in patients with ischemic heart disease
      and cardiomyopathy: a controlled study.
AB  - Thirty male patients with ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy entered a
      controlled study of the acute effects of alcohol on cardiac function evaluated by
      right heart catheterization. Twenty patients, nine with angina pectoris and 11
      with congestive heart failure, were studied during alcohol intoxication, and ten
      patients, five with angina pectoris and five with heart failure, served as a
      control group. The mean serum ethanol concentration in the alcohol group was 93
      mg/100 ml (S.D. 17). The systemic arterial blood pressure was reduced by 6% in
      the alcohol group, P less than 0.05 compared with the control group. No
      significant changes occurred in the central venous pressure, the pulmonary artery
      pressure, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, or in cardiac output, stroke
      volume and total peripheral resistance. Alcohol intake in moderate doses has no
      measurable effect on pulmonary blood pressures or cardiac output in patients with
      ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Such an effect may, however, be masked
      by a reduction of afterload.

PMID- 3358820
TI  - Acetaldehyde adducts with haemoglobin: determination of acetaldehyde released
      from haemoglobin by acid hydrolysis.
AB  - Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, reacts with haemoglobin in vitro
      to produce acetaldehyde-haemoglobin adducts. Some clinical studies on the minor
      haemoglobins have suggested that these adducts may be formed in people abusing
      alcohol. Under hydrolysis of haemoglobin, with oxalic acid at 100 degrees C in
      sealed vials, some acetaldehyde was released and then specifically determined by
      HPLC. The kinetics of hydrolysis were studied using haemoglobin previously
      labelled with 14[C] acetaldehyde. The maximum liberation of 14 [C] acetaldehyde
      was obtained after 3 hr 30 min hydrolysis and this time factor was then utilized
      in the analysis of alcoholic and control haemoglobin. Thus, we have confirmed the
      formation of acetaldehyde haemoglobin adducts in vivo. It must be noted that the
      released acetaldehyde corresponds only to an index of the stable adducts. The
      levels were higher in alcoholics than in controls (1.417 +/- 0.171 and 1.295 +/-
      0.139 nmol/mg Hb, respectively, P less than 0.001). In conclusion, this marker is
      not a convenient tool for the monitoring of alcohol exposure levels because of
      the low differences between alcoholic and control haemoglobins.

PMID- 3358821
TI  - Acute ethanol ingestion raises plasma gamma amino-butyric acid levels in healthy
      men.
AB  - The effect of acute ethanol ingestion on plasma gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      levels was investigated in eight volunteers. Subjects were studied on two days: a
      control during which light activity and non-alcoholic fluid intake was allowed
      and a study day during which ethanol was ingested to maintain blood alcohol
      levels at a mean of 130 mg%. Plasma GABA levels were estimated at 1, 4 and 8 hr.
      GABA levels were raised at 1 and 4 hr on the study day compared to the control
      day. GABA levels at 8 hr were not significantly different on the two days. Acute
      alcohol ingestion raised plasma GABA in healthy male volunteers.

PMID- 3358822
TI  - Tissue thiamin levels of hospitalised alcoholics before and after oral or
      parenteral vitamins.
AB  - A new high performance liquid chromatographic method has been used to measure
      erythrocyte levels of the physiologically active form of thiamin, thiamin
      diphosphate (ETDP), in 25 alcoholics admitted to hospital for detoxification and
      rehabilitation. Measurements were made before, during and after multivitamin
      supplementation, either orally or parenterally, on a controlled basis. Before
      treatment, only one case of thiamin deficiency was detected. Within 24 hr of
      receiving 250 mg of thiamin both treated groups showed an increase in their mean
      ETDP levels, though only that of the parenterally treated group was significantly
      higher (P less than 0.05) than the pre-treatment mean. However, after 250 mg
      thiamin daily for 5 days, both treated groups showed a significant (P less than
      0.05) and almost identical increase in their mean ETDP levels (90 nmol/l. and 91
      nmol/l. for the oral and parenteral routes respectively). The results suggest
      that except for alcoholics requiring thiamin urgently, for whom the parenteral
      route is demonstrably quicker at raising tissue levels, oral supplementation
      achieves the same result as parenteral.

PMID- 3358823
TI  - Good news for doctors?

PMID- 3358824
TI  - Fractures on chest radiographs in detection of alcoholism.
AB  - The prevalence of fractures seen on chest radiographs among alcoholics varies in
      various series from 36.0% to 8.7% while that for controls remains below 5%. The
      aim of our study was to find out whether the selection of the alcoholic subjects
      could account for this four-fold variation. We therefore chose two groups of
      alcoholics, group 1 consisting of 76 mainly unmarried or divorced lower class
      alcoholics who had attended the emergency department while intoxicated, and group
      2 consisting of 108 mainly married middle class alcoholics with alcoholic liver
      cirrhosis. The control group consisted of 98 randomly chosen hospital patients.
      There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the prevalence
      of fractures detectable with chest radiography (25% and 21.3% respectively). 8.2%
      of the controls also had fractures. The fracture prevalence did not correlate
      with socioeconomic group. Married alcoholics had significantly less thoracic
      fractures than unmarried, divorced or widowed alcoholics as a group. The
      sensitivity and specificity of the fractures visible on chest radiograph as a
      marker for alcoholism is not sufficient to warrant its use in clinical or
      research work.

PMID- 3358825
TI  - Brain ascorbic acid levels: mice and rats selected for differences in acute
      reactions to ethanol.
AB  - There are variations of ascorbic acid levels in different brain areas of mice and
      rats. However, there are no differences in ascorbic acid levels between lines of
      mice selectively bred for differences in ethanol sensitivity for 25 generations.
      Thus, it is unlikely that brain ascorbic acid plays a significant role in the
      acute sedative effects of ethanol in these mice. Studies with inbred strains of
      mice known to differ in ethanol preference, acute sensitivity and withdrawal
      sensitivity also failed to reveal any differences in brain ascorbic acid levels.
      There were differences in ascorbic acid content between selectively bred lines of
      rats in various brain areas at generation five of selection.

PMID- 3358827
TI  - Role of microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system in regulation of linoleoyl-CoA
      desaturase activity after long-term ethanol administration.
AB  - Chronic ethanol administration resulted in a decrease of rat liver linoleoyl-CoA
      desaturase activity and an activation of MEOS. This was accompanied by an
      increase in the activity of the NADPH-dependent system and the oxidation rate of
      NADH-oxidase, which suggests transfer of electrons from NADH to cytochrome P-450.
      The decreased linoleoyl-CoA desaturase activity may be due to insufficient supply
      of electrons, because of possible diversion to MEOS.

PMID- 3358826
TI  - Effect of pre- and postnatal alcohol consumption on GABA levels of various brain
      regions in the rat offspring.
AB  - The effect of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation on
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in different rat brain regions of 3-week
      old pups was investigated. There was a significant decrease in the thalamus,
      pons, cerebellum and hippocampus, no change in posterior colliculus, occipital
      cortex, temporal cortex, hypothalamus, septum or striatum and a significant
      increase in frontal cortex, olfactory bulbs, anterior colliculus and amygdala.
      These modifications could be a consequence of alterations in membrane
      permeability and may be related to the behavioural disorders associated with the
      fetal-alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 3358828
TI  - Perceptions of drinkers and abstainers in a sample of Scottish adults.
AB  - Following Davies and Stacey's investigation (1972, Teenagers and Alcohol, HMSO,
      London) into perceptions of drinking and abstaining among Scottish teenagers,
      this study extended their general method to an investigation of the perceptions
      of 239 Scottish adults. Results showed that the stereotypes of the heavy drinker
      as 'tough and rebellious' and the abstainer as 'weak and cissy' persist into
      adulthood. Heavy drinkers were seen as low on 'sociability' and 'sexual
      attractiveness' and abstainers were seen as less 'sociable' than moderate
      drinkers. There was also some evidence of a 'double standard' in perceptions of
      male and female drinking roles. Other findings concerning the effects on
      perceptions of subjects' sex and drinking behaviour are compared to those
      reported in the earlier study and implications for the treatment of alcohol
      problems are discussed. It is concluded that the dimensions described by Davies
      and Stacey represent a relatively stable structure within future research where
      fresh initiatives in alcohol education may be located.

PMID- 3358829
TI  - Phlogistic action of ethanol: a study of the vascular response in the gastric and
      duodenal mucosae.
AB  - Ethanol-induced vascular response in the gastric and duodenal mucosae was
      investigated by light and electron microscopy using the colloidal carbon
      technique. Investigations were done in fed and starved animals, with a time
      response study in each group for 24 hr after ethanol administration. The results
      show cytoprotection of food against the hazardous effects of ethanol.

PMID- 3358830
TI  - The health benefits of mechanization at the Nigerian Coal Corporation.
AB  - Nigerian Coal Corporation started operations in 1916 and in October 1977
      introduced full mechanization at its coal mine in Enugu. An appraisal of the
      mining accidents between 1975-1980 showed an overall downward trend following
      mechanization, from 1073 per 1000 in 1975 to 425 in 1980 (a 60% reduction). The
      underground accidents were reduced from a monthly average of 63 to 26 but those
      at the surface remained basically unaffected. Changes were also recorded in
      sickness absences indices, with the most significant occurring with respect to
      the severity index which dropped from 9.2 in 1975 to 3.0 in 1980. The
      distribution of injury remained essentially the same except that injuries to the
      upper limbs became more common than the more serious pelvic injury prior to
      mechanization. The impact of mechanization in industries in developing countries
      are discussed and ways of ensuring optimum benefits from this transfer of
      technology suggested.

PMID- 3358831
TI  - Studies of child safety restraint use in motor vehicles--some methodological
      considerations.
AB  - Despite the effectiveness of safety restraints in reducing the risk of death or
      injury in motor vehicle accidents, many children still travel unrestrained. Two
      methodological issues related to child restraint studies which had not been
      adequately addressed were identified: firstly, the accuracy of parental self
      reports of restraint use with their children; and secondly, the consistency of
      observational data over time. These issues were investigated in the present
      research. The data indicate that parents' report is inaccurate, suggesting that
      if self-report measures are used, there is a need to compare them with direct
      observational measures to obtain information on reporting bias. A single
      observation of a child's restraint use appears to provide an accurate reflection
      of restraint use on other occasions in the same setting.

PMID- 3358832
TI  - A study of reported injury accidents among novice motorcycle riders in a Scottish
      region.
AB  - A study is reported of the effect of sex, age, cubic capacity, and training on
      the rate of reported injury accidents in a cohort of 304 first time learner
      motorcycle riders resident in the Lothian and Borders of Scotland in 1983.
      Motorcycle in this paper includes all types of registerable two wheeled motor
      vehicle. Injury accidents as reported by the police were observed in this cohort
      over an average period of one year. The overall reported injury accident rate
      within the cohort was 8.2 per hundred riders. This rate does not seem to be
      markedly different to the Scottish rate for all riders. It was found that the
      cubic capacity of the motorcycle was the single most important risk factor of the
      four studied. The risk was disproportionately high in the 200+ cc category. Lower
      reported injury accident rates were observed for females and trained riders but
      these differences did not reach statistical significance mainly due to the low
      numbers of these two categories within the cohort. Contrary to popular
      assumption, younger riders within this cohort did not have higher injury
      accidents. A large proportion of the riders who had been involved in injury
      accidents within the cohort and who had registered 50 cc motorcycles were found
      to be riding higher capacity (mainly 200+ cc) motorcycles at the time of
      accident. There was a very low uptake of motorcycle training (7.3%) by the
      cohort. Approximately 15% of the cohort was female, a higher percentage than
      those reported by other studies.

PMID- 3358833
TI  - The "accident prone" worker: an example from heavy industry.
AB  - A study of workers in a heavy industry shows that the proportion of workers with
      excessive injuries in two successive time periods did not exceed that expected by
      chance. While accident repeaters may exist, they were not a stable component of
      this workforce. Removing individuals with excessive injuries in a given time
      would not appreciably reduce the number of injuries in succeeding periods. Unlike
      earlier studies, this analysis was based on medically attended injuries only and
      controlled for job hazards, exposure, age, and changes in job and location.

PMID- 3358834
TI  - Rear seat restraint system effectiveness in preventing fatalities.
AB  - Restraint system effectiveness for rear seat adult (16 years or older) car
      occupants is estimated by applying the double pair comparison method to Fatal
      Accident Reporting System (FARS) data for 1975 through 1985. As this data set
      contains information on fatal crashes only, the results apply exclusively to
      fatalities, and should not be generalized to other levels of injury. Rear seat
      occupants coded as using any restraint system are assumed to be using the lap
      belt only. Occupants in all four outboard seating positions (that is, driver and
      right front passenger, right and left rear passengers) serve as "other"
      occupants. Disaggregating the "other" occupant by restraint use generates six
      estimates of restraint system effectiveness for each of the two rear outboard
      positions. Insufficient data precluded estimating effectiveness for the center
      rear (or center front) positions, and also use of these occupants as "other"
      occupants. Average restraint system effectiveness for the two outboard rear
      seating positions is estimated as (18 +/- 9)%, where the error limit indicates
      one standard error. These estimates suggest that there is a 39 in 40 chance that
      rear lap belts reduce fatality likelihood, but a less than 1 in 10 chance that
      the reduction exceeds 30%.

PMID- 3358835
TI  - Considerations on speed selection and risk homeostasis in driving.
AB  - Risk-taking behavior by drivers is put within the context of a general model of
      utility maximization by speed choice. It is shown that so-called "risk
      homeostasis" is possible only under very restrictive conditions. Under more
      general conditions, risk compensation can occur; that is, the safety effects
      expected from engineering measures will be discounted to a considerable degree by
      shifts in behavior.

PMID- 3358836
TI  - Psychosocial factors related to parental restraint of pre-school children in
      motor vehicles.
AB  - While the use of safety restraints effectively reduces the risk of death or
      injury in accidents, many children still travel unrestrained in motor vehicles.
      Compulsory seat belt legislation in Australia increased rates of adult use
      dramatically, but did not have the same impact with children. In order to
      understand why levels of children's restraint use remain low, it is necessary to
      investigate parental factors related to use and non-use of restraints. This study
      assessed the rates of safety restraint use of parents and their pre-school
      children, and the sociodemographic, attitudinal and belief characteristics of
      parents which relate to children's restraint use, using the Health Belief Model
      as a basis for investigation. Restraint use for adults was substantially higher
      than for pre-school children. Children were more likely to be restrained if their
      parents were wearing seat belts, were married, were of high socioeconomic status,
      did not smoke, engaged in certain other preventive health behaviors on their
      children's behalf, traveled longer distances to pre-school and provided child
      seats for their children. In terms of the Health Belief Model, parents of
      restrained and unrestrained children differed in their evaluation of the "costs"
      and "benefits" of using restraints for their children, and in health locus of
      control. Parents of unrestrained children perceived the "costs" of restraint use,
      in terms of nuisance value, installation difficulty and financial cost, to be
      high. They were also less likely to believe that they could play a significant
      role in preventing injury to their children. Implications of these findings for
      safety restraint campaigns are discussed.

PMID- 3358837
TI  - A study of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - In Saudi Arabia, with its rapid expansion of road construction and increase in
      the number of vehicles, road traffic accidents are becoming a serious public
      health problem. The object of this paper is to discuss the magnitude of this
      problem and to compare the situation with that of other rich, developing
      countries which have also had rapid expansion of road construction and increase
      in the number of vehicles. It appears that Saudi Arabia has lower accident rates
      but higher casualty and fatality rates than Kuwait.

PMID- 3358838
TI  - [Congenital hiatal hernia and Barrett esophagus in a 3-year-old girl].

PMID- 3358840
TI  - [Care of children with vesicoureteral reflux. A pediatric perspective].

PMID- 3358839
TI  - [Rare complications of hemophilia. Presentation of two cases].

PMID- 3358841
TI  - [Medical and surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux].

PMID- 3358842
TI  - [Alagille syndrome].

PMID- 3358843
TI  - [Classic phenylketonuria: dermatological and histopathological aspects in 35
      patients].

PMID- 3358844
TI  - [Infantile autism. II. Study of the language of 27 children].

PMID- 3358845
TI  - [Use of a solution for oral hydration with or without intermediate water in
      children dehydrated by diarrhea].

PMID- 3358847
TI  - Latent defect in monocular optokinetic nystagmus after neonatal removal of the
      lateral suprasylvian area in the cat.
AB  - Three kittens underwent unilateral removal of the lateral suprasylvian area of
      cortex at the age of 1 month. After normal rearing for two years, their monocular
      optokinetic nystagmus was studied. During the experiment one eye was 'seeing' the
      optokinetic stimulus, but the other eye was 'covered'; by implanting scleral
      coils on both eyes, we measured movements not only in the 'seeing' eye, but also
      in the 'covered' eye. The stimulus was moved at a velocity between 1 and 40
      degrees/s. Additionally, movements of the both eyes were simultaneously recorded
      in a normal cat. The previous results on movements of both eyes in normal cats
      which had been derived from the recordings by one coil (Vision Res., 26: 1311
      1314, 1986) were confirmed by this experiment and were compared with the results
      of the lesioned cats. The gains (slow phase velocity/stimulus velocity) of the
      'seeing' eye were not significantly different from the normal values. However,
      the gains of the 'covered' eye were significantly higher than the normal values
      when the stimulus was presented in the temporonasal direction, at the velocities
      between 1 and 40 degrees/s to the eye ipsilateral to the lesion and at the
      velocity of 40 degrees/s to the eye contralateral to the lesion; in the other
      conditions of stimulation the gains were not significantly different from the
      normal values.

PMID- 3358846
TI  - [Adjustment of fluid requirement in the sick newborn infant].

PMID- 3358848
TI  - Differential effect of prior paradoxical sleep deprivation on conditioned taste
      aversion, neophobia and attenuation of neophobia to solid food in rats.
AB  - The effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on subsequent acquisition of
      conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to liquid diets is confounded by the uncertain
      level of thirst when using the water tank procedure. This difficulty is
      eliminated when examining CTA and attenuation of neophobia (AN) to solid diets.
      Adult male rats (n = 100) were habituated to receive their daily ration of food
      during a 30-min stay in a box equipped with a row of 10 feeders baited with 2-3 g
      pieces of moist standard diet. 24-h PSD increased neophobic rejection of novel
      sweet food (with added 5% saccharose), but did not influence intensity of CTA
      elicited by LiCl poisoning. Addition of a bitter tasting red food dye to the
      sweet food caused marked neophobia which was enhanced by preceding PSD.
      Association of this unpalatable food with LiCl elicited strong CTA which
      extinguished faster in the PSD-pretreated animals. On the other hand,
      preacquisition PSD did not influence AN to the same stimulus. Sweet food with
      added blue dye elicited only mild neophobia which was enhanced by preceding 24-h
      PSD. Preacquisition PSD did not influence AN but significantly increased CTA to
      blue sweet food. It is concluded that PSD can either enhance or weaken CTA and
      that this complex effect on food selection learning cannot be explained by PSD
      induced reduction of fear.

PMID- 3358849
TI  - Unilateral infusion of GABA and saline into the nucleus basalis of rats: 1.
      Effects on motor function and brain morphology.
AB  - Motor behavior was investigated in rats following acute and chronic gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) microinfusions into the nucleus basalis. For acute
      treatment, the rats received GABA (100 micrograms in 1 microliter), then saline,
      or these solutions in the reverse order, into the nucleus basalis contralateral
      to their preferred turning direction in a radial maze. For chronic treatment,
      half the rats received saline (1 microliter/h for 4 days), and than GABA (100
      micrograms/microliters/h) for the same period of time ('saline-first' group). In
      the other half, this sequence was reversed ('GABA-first' group). Acute
      microinjections of GABA decreased turning towards the non-injected side; chronic
      treatment enhanced this effect by reversing the preferred turning direction.
      Return to initial turning direction was observed after acute GABA-injection in
      both experimental groups, but only in the 'saline-first' group after chronic
      treatment. The 'GABA-first' group showed gliosis in and around the nucleus
      basalis area and a reduction of cortical acetyl-cholinesterase-positivity which
      were significantly greater than in the 'saline-first' group. This, chronic saline
      pretreatment is associated with diminished neurotoxicity of chronic GABA infusion
      and with a reversibility of the drug-induced behavioral effects.

PMID- 3358850
TI  - Lateral neglect in a head movement task: more impairment with unilateral than
      bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus in the rat.
AB  - Unilateral lesions of the superior colliculus produce contralateral neglect. This
      study determined if bilateral lesions would impair head orientation in a way
      expected from the summation of two contralateral neglects. Rats were trained to
      make various head movements to get water at a 3 x 3 array of holes, each with a
      recessed water-baited dipper. On each of 20 trials in a session, a water-deprived
      subject approached and sampled the array by orienting its head and inserting its
      snout in the holes in a self-determined sequence. The measures recorded for each
      position and for each trial were: the order in which a baited position was
      sampled (selection order), the number of times it was not sampled (misses), and
      the number of times it was sampled when dry (perseverations). Radio-frequency
      lesions were made and testing was resumed after 3 days. Large unilateral lesions
      of the superior colliculus produced a neglect of contralateral positions and
      increased perseverations to ipsilateral positions. Center positions were also
      neglected but to a lesser extent. Bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus
      produced only a moderate increase in lateral misses and no increase in lateral
      perseverations. Bilateral lesions did produce a neglect of upper positions on
      both sides. The results indicate that a major contributor to contralateral
      neglect produced by a unilateral lesion is an antagonistic process that promotes
      orientation to the side ipsilateral to the lesion.

PMID- 3358851
TI  - Unilateral and bilateral lesions of the anteromedial cortex increase
      perseverative head movements of the rat.
AB  - Lesions of the anteromedial cortex were made in rats trained to orient their
      heads to 9 positions located laterally and centrally in upper, middle and lower
      regions of space. The water-deprived subjects were tested in sessions of 20
      trials in each of which all positions were baited once with a small amount of
      water. Training continued until no position was consistently missed and the
      number of returns to positions already selected on that trial (perseverative
      responses) was low and stable. In Expt. 1, rats with unilateral anteromedial
      lesions tested with 3 days recovery did not miss any position or significantly
      change the order in which correct positions were selected but they made more
      perseverative responses to all positions. Bilateral anteromedial lesions
      moderately increased misses but markedly increased perseverations. Visual cortex
      lesions comparable in size produced no changes. In Expt. 2, unilateral
      anteromedial lesions tested with 7 days' recovery did not increase misses and
      only slightly increased perseverations. In Expt. 3, unilateral anteromedial
      lesions tested within 1 day increased perseverations more than lesions tested
      with 6 days' recovery. Neither group increased misses or changed selection order.
      The perseverations appeared on a trial after 6 of the 9 correct selections and
      were directed to both recently and remotely selected positions. Lesions of the
      anteromedial cortex appear to produce a deficit in the suppressive control of
      head orienting.

PMID- 3358852
TI  - Electrolytic but not ibotenic acid lesions of the posterior cingulate cortex
      produce transitory facilitation of learning in mice.
AB  - The rate of acquisition of 12 Hebb-Williams mazes was studied after restricted
      bilateral lesions of the anterior (ANT) or posterior (POST) cingulate cortex in
      BALB/c mice. In a first experiment, animals with electrolytic lesions were tested
      with the different mazes at 3 time intervals between 19 and 48 days after
      surgery. The rate of acquisition in POST-lesioned mice was observed to be
      facilitated at the 2 first time intervals (between days 19-22 and 32-35), but
      this effect was reversed (impairment) when the test was carried out between 45-48
      days postsurgery; no significant effects were observed in ANT-lesioned mice. In a
      second experiment, the same behavioral paradigm was used in mice with restricted
      ibotenic acid lesions of the POST cingulate cortex. These lesions had no
      significant effects on the acquisition of the mazes. A third experiment was
      carried out to test if the postoperative delay itself contributed to the long
      latency of the impairment observed in Expt. I. No impairment of acquisition was
      observed when POST cingulate lesioned animals underwent their first learning
      session between 45-48 days after surgery; in contrast, a significant facilitation
      of the performance was observed at this time. These results suggest an
      involvement of the posterior cingulate cortex, and in particular the cingulum
      bundle, both in acquisition and long-term memory processes.

PMID- 3358853
TI  - Interhemispheric transfer of olfactory information in homing pigeon.
AB  - The role of the anterior commissure in discrimination of and habituation to
      olfactory stimuli was studied in pigeons by measuring changes in the heart rate.
      In order to exclude any trigeminal response, we presented odorous stimuli to
      groups of pigeons with one olfactory nerve cut and either the ipsilateral or the
      contralateral nostril plugged. When the nostril involved in the experiments was
      on the same side of the cut olfactory nerve, the pigeons did not show any
      response, whereas they displayed changes in heart rate when the nostril tested
      was on the opposite side. In habituation transfer experiments were a control
      group of pigeons and a group with the anterior commissure cut, both of them
      subjected to a monolateral habituation training to amylacetate. Later, when the
      odour was presented to the opposite nostril, both groups maintained the
      habituation.

PMID- 3358854
TI  - Unimpaired acquisition of spatial reference memory, but impaired homing
      performance in hippocampal-ablated pigeons.
AB  - Hippocampal ablated homing pigeons have been shown to suffer a retrograde spatial
      reference memory deficit involving a preoperatively acquired homeward orientation
      response based on local cues around a previously visited release site. Here we
      report that the postoperative acquisition of such a response is unimpaired.
      Initially, 25 hippocampal ablated and 11 sham-operated controls were given 5
      training releases from each of two sites. In the subsequent experimental releases
      from the two training sites, the controls and half the hippocampal-ablated
      pigeons had their navigational maps rendered dysfunctional via an anosmic
      procedure. Nonetheless, both groups successfully oriented homeward, indicating
      that the hippocampal-ablated pigeons were unimpaired in the acquisition and
      implementation of directionally useful information around the training sites to
      direct a homeward orientation response. The remaining half of the hippocampal
      ablated pigeons who were not rendered anosmic, and thus served as controls, also
      oriented homeward. The data indicate that, for hippocampal-ablated homing
      pigeons, postoperative acquisition is unimpaired in the same spatial reference
      memory task where a robust retrograde impairment was observed. However, the
      hippocampal-ablated pigeons were impaired in the time required to return home,
      indicating a deficit in homing performance beyond the initial orientation stage.

PMID- 3358855
TI  - Right-left asymmetry in position learning of male chicks.
AB  - Two-week-old chicks were trained to discriminate between two identical boxes on
      the basis of their position. The positive box was placed against the wall facing
      the entrance of the test cage, whereas the negative box was placed either on the
      right or on the left wall. Results showed that male chicks learned the task
      faster when the negative box was placed on the right than when it was placed on
      the left, whereas no right-left asymmetry appeared in females.

PMID- 3358856
TI  - Relation between visual input and motor outflow for eye movements in monkey
      frontal eye field.
AB  - We recorded visual neurons with the Elgiloy microelectrode in the frontal eye
      field of the alert monkey. After determining their visual receptive field,
      saccadic eye movements were induced by applying electric pulses at the recording
      site through the same electrode. The saccades were generally induced so as to
      bring the gaze angle to a part within the receptive field.

PMID- 3358857
TI  - Dissociation of the effects of inferior temporal and limbic lesions on object
      discrimination learning with 24-h intertrial intervals.
AB  - Monkeys with bilateral ablations of the inferior temporal cortical area TE were
      trained on a visual discrimination task thought to measure non-cognitive habit
      formation. The task consisted of 20 object discriminations presented
      concurrently, but at the rate of only one trial on each per day; successive
      trials on a given discrimination were thus separated by 24-h intertrial
      intervals. Performance on this task by the animals with TE lesions was compared
      to that of both normal control monkeys and monkeys that had sustained bilateral
      removals of the amygdala and hippocampus. In contrast to the latter animals,
      which learned the 24-h intertrial interval task about as quickly as the normal
      controls, monkeys with area TE removals were markedly impaired. Taken together
      with earlier findings demonstrating that ablation of area TE impairs visual
      recognition memory, the present results suggest that area TE contributes not
      only, like limbic structures, to a cognitive memory system, but also, unlike
      limbic structures, to a non-cognitive habit system. Evidence is reviewed
      suggesting that this latter system may involve a corticostriatal circuit.

PMID- 3358858
TI  - Behavioural correlates of a progressive dysfunctioning of the caudate nucleus:
      effects of apomorphine.
AB  - During the ontogeny of many mammalian species there exists a remarkable
      resemblance with respect to the strict order in the appearance of distinct motor
      patterns during development. Moreover, along a cephalocaudal gradient more and
      more body parts become involved in these motor patterns. The same sequence in
      motor behaviour can be observed when adult animals start to explore a novel
      environment. On the other hand, s.c. injections of apomorphine result in a
      reversed 'ontogenetic' sequence of motor patterns: a 'breakdown' of motor
      behaviour. The present study investigated whether striatal injections of
      apomorphine produced a reversed 'breakdown' of a motor pattern sequence.
      Therefore, cats were tested in a paradigm in which they executed sequences of
      distinct motor patterns in order to collect food pellets when walking on the belt
      of a treadmill. As only one of the motor patterns in the sequence is caudate
      specific, disturbances at the level of the caudate nucleus as well as
      disturbances at the level of other brain structures can be distinguished. In
      contrast to 0.6 and 2.5 micrograms, doses of 5.0 and 10.0 micrograms of
      apomorphine resulted in the successive breakdown of motor pattern sequences,
      whereby not only caudate-specific motor patterns were reduced, but also non
      caudate-specific motor patterns. Moreover, this regression appeared in the
      reversed order compared to the order in which distinct patterns are executed
      during eating behaviour. The regression in motor behaviour following 5.0
      micrograms apomorphine was induced via caudate dopamine receptors since it could
      be prevented by pretreatment with haloperidol. Because of the fact that 5.0 and
      10.0 micrograms of apomorphine also affected motor patterns which are not caudate
      and dopamine-specific, it is concluded that also brain structures receiving
      (in)directly caudate output signals are involved in the regression of the motor
      pattern sequence as observed in the present study. The clinical relevance of the
      presented data is discussed.

PMID- 3358859
TI  - Effect of increasing doses of intracaudate haloperidol upon motor expressions
      that require an intact substantia nigra pars reticulata and/or superior
      colliculus in cats.
AB  - In the present study it was investigated whether intracaudate (CN) injections of
      increasing doses of haloperidol progressively affect movements that require the
      integrity of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) and/or the deeper layers
      of the superior colliculus (dl-SC) in cats. Therefore, cats were trained to walk
      from one side of a narrow bar to the other side both under full light and under
      stroboscopic illumination (2 flashes/s). Previously it has been shown that this
      set-up is useful for assessing changes in the execution of dl-SC and SNR-related
      non-externally guided targeting movements. Moreover, cats were trained to step
      out of a startbox on a rotating cylinder which, according to previous studies,
      also implies the execution of a dl-SC- and SNR-related non-externally guided
      targeting movement. CN application of 25 micrograms/5 microliters haloperidol,
      but not CN injection of 12.5 micrograms/5 microliters haloperidol or apomorphine
      (0.6 micrograms/5 microliters), reduced the occurrence of these dl-SC- and SNR
      related targeting movements. Dl-SC injection of picrotoxin (100 ng/0.5
      microliter) did not restore the haloperidol (25 micrograms/5 microliter) induced
      decrement in the occurrence of these targeting movements. In addition, CN
      application of 25 micrograms/5 microliter haloperidol, but not 12.5 micrograms/5
      microliter haloperidol, reduced the feline ability to execute SNR-specific limb
      movements while crossing a revolving cylinder. The present results show that only
      a severe but not a moderate inhibition of dopamine receptors within the CN
      affects motor expressions characteristic of the SNR and/or dl-SC.

PMID- 3358860
TI  - The behavior of male and female Wistar rats pressing a lever for food is not
      affected by sex differences in food motivation.
AB  - Male rats both eat more and weigh more than females. Differences in food intake
      and body weight result, at least partly, from differences in gonadal hormone
      secretions. The present experiments were designed to investigate whether sex
      differences in food motivation might contribute to the behavioral differences
      observed when food-deprived male and female rats are exposed to appetitively
      motivated operant learning tasks. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to
      different progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement which have been shown to
      generate reliable indices of 'motivational' conditions. In progressive ratio
      schedules, subjects are required to make a systematically increasing number of
      responses for each successive reinforcer, until the requirement becomes so large
      that the subjects stop responding. Expt. Ia was designed to investigate whether
      or not food-deprived males would be more motivated than food-deprived females to
      obtain food. Expt. Ib investigated whether gonadectomy might differentially
      affect food motivation of male and female rats exposed to a progressive ratio
      schedule of reinforcement. Motivational differences between males and females
      were not observed. Males and females obtained an equal number of reinforcers,
      while differences in the total number of responses and response rate were not
      observed. Gonadectomy did not affect the total number of responses in the final
      completed ratio. The results of the present experiments do therefore not support
      the hypothesis that sex differences in food motivation might underlie sex
      differences in behavior when food-deprived male and female rats are exposed to
      operant schedules of positive reinforcement.

PMID- 3358861
TI  - Neuropeptide-dopamine interactions. II. Cyclo (His-Pro) augmentation of
      amphetamine- but not apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior.
AB  - Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (cyclo [His-Pro]) not only exists in the basal
      ganglia of rodents, monkeys, and humans, but also exhibits a variety of biologic
      activities, some of which appear to be mediated via dopaminergic mechanisms. We
      investigated the potential modulation by cyclo (His-Pro) of amphetamine- and
      apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior, a behavior that is associated with the
      activation of postsynaptic dopamine receptor. Administration of amphetamine to
      rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in stereotypic behavior that was
      further augmented if animals were pretreated with cyclo (His-Pro). Although
      apomorphine also led to a dose-related progression in the stereotypic behavior,
      the apomorphine effects were not modified by cyclo (His-Pro) pretreatment. We
      conclude that cyclo (His-Pro) either acts indirectly at the presynaptic dopamine
      site or modulates other neurotransmitters to potentiate actions of amphetamine.

PMID- 3358862
TI  - Impaired spatial navigation in adult female but not adult male rats exposed to
      alcohol during the brain growth spurt.
AB  - Two groups of male and female rats were given the same dose of alcohol using an
      artificial rearing procedure on postnatal days 4-10. One group received the
      alcohol in a condensed manner each day which caused cyclic blood alcohol
      concentrations (BACs) with high peaks. A second group received the alcohol in a
      uniform manner over each day which resulted in moderate, stable BACs. Two control
      groups consisted of male and female rats artificially reared but not exposed to
      alcohol and rats reared normally by dams. All rats were raised to 90 days of age
      and then tested for spatial navigation ability in the Morris water maze, which
      involved locating a hidden underwater platform using distal extramaze cues.
      Neither the alcohol treatments nor the artificial rearing had any effects on
      performance of adult male rats relative to suckle controls in this task. In
      contrast, the condensed alcohol exposure but not the uniform alcohol exposure
      resulted in detrimental performance in the Morris water maze by adult female
      rats. When the ability to locate and escape onto a visible platform was examined,
      there were no differences between the female groups given condensed alcohol
      exposure or artificially reared on milk solution alone. Thus, exposure to high
      BACs during the brain growth spurt has a lasting and selective detrimental effect
      on spatial navigation learning in adult female but not adult male rats.

PMID- 3358863
TI  - Modified T-maze training demonstrates dissociated memory loss in rats with
      ischemic hippocampal injury.
AB  - Rats were trained for 20 days on a modified T-maze which required discrimination
      of a stem choice that was invariant and a goal choice that alternated. Animals
      were then exposed to 30 min of transient severe forebrain ischemia (postischemic,
      PI animals), 30 min of less severe ischemia (non-criterion ischemic, NCI
      animals), or sham operations (controls). After 30 postoperative days, all animals
      were returned to the maze for an additional 30 trials. PI rats demonstrated a
      dissociated performance on stem and goal choice. Specifically, the PI animals
      were significantly impaired on discrimination of a goal choice, yet performed
      comparably to controls on discrimination of a stem choice. Impaired goal choice
      for PI animals was not due to differential run times, proactive interference, or
      interaction between goal and stem choice. Histopathologic analysis of PI animals
      revealed bilateral destruction of the pyramidal neurons in the dorsal CA 1 region
      of the hippocampus and lesser damage in the anterodorsal subiculum and the
      dorsolateral caudate. NCI animals had patchy variable ischemic neuronal damage.
      These data suggest that ischemic-induced bilateral CA 1 pyramidal neuron loss is
      sufficient to cause dissociated performance in trained animals on a T-maze, but
      that less severe ischemia does not cause reproducible hippocampal neuron damage
      or functional deficits. Further, the data extends the development of reliable
      behavioral measures for an animal model of the amnesic syndrome that may occur in
      humans after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3358864
TI  - The contribution of the rewarded and the non-rewarded stimulus in visual
      discrimination learning in mice.
AB  - The relative contribution of the rewarded and non-rewarded stimulus in the
      learning of a visual discrimination task in various species is unclear. A number
      of different parameters have been suggested as influencing the importance of the
      one over the other, among them the type of reinforcement. Our results show that
      with both positive reinforcement (using water as reward after a correct choice,
      and no reinforcement after an incorrect choice) and negative reinforcement
      (electroshock punishment after an incorrect choice) mice use the position of the
      incorrect stimulus as a cue for the discrimination. Mice trained by positive
      reinforcement without the added negative reinforcement of blocking the door on
      which the incorrect stimulus is projected, do not learn a brightness
      discrimination task. This suggested that the added negative reinforcement of the
      closed door had a strong influence on the learning behaviour in our experiments.

PMID- 3358865
TI  - Spontaneous alternation and exploration in staggerer mutant mice.
AB  - Staggerer mutant mice were found to be less active in terms of motor activity in
      a maze, hole poking and rearing. Staggerer mutant mice also showed a lack of
      spontaneous alternation in both 2-trial and 4-trial tests. A lack of spontaneous
      alternation in this mutant may be due to a deficit in response inhibition or in
      spatial orientation, similar to that of animals with limbic lesions.

PMID- 3358866
TI  - Recent studies of the interaction of rabbit dimeric IgA with its polymeric
      immunoglobulin receptor.
AB  - Rabbit secretory components (SC) constitute a highly heterogeneous population of
      glycoprotein molecules that are present in secretions as free or bound forms to
      polymeric immunoglobulins (Ig). Two SC families are known, one of high molecular
      weight (approximately equal to 80 Kd) composed of five (perhaps six) domains
      related to Ig variable domains, and one of low molecular weight (approximately
      equal to 55 Kd). An account of our most recent experimental data is reviewed in
      this article. We have shown: 1) that both the high and low Mr SC families possess
      the same relative avidity for binding to dimeric IgA of the g-subclass; 2) that
      the first NH2-terminal domain of SC derived from the high and low Mr polypeptides
      is necessary and sufficient for efficient non-covalent binding to dimeric IgA of
      the g-subclass; 3) that the low Mr SC polypeptide derives from the high Mr SC by
      the internal deletion of the entire second and third domains, suggesting that
      these domains are not involved in the binding reaction with polymeric Ig; 4) that
      the heterogeneity of rabbit secretory components is, in large part, due to the
      expression of several polymorphic forms (allotypes) susceptible to be recognized
      by specific alloantisera; the biochemical characterization of the three known SC
      allotypes (t61, t62 and t63) reveals that t62 and t63 are structurally very
      similar to each other and markedly divergent from the t61 homologue; 5) that by
      using non-cross-reactive alloantisera, the major immunodominant allotopes are
      confined within the COOH-terminal domains 3, 4 and 5 of SC; 6) that the location
      of the residues involved in the attachment of the carbohydrate unit within domain
      1 varies according to the allotype: t61 is N-linked glycosylated at position 70,
      whereas about 75% of t62 molecules are devoid of sugars; the remaining 25% of t62
      molecules are glycosylated at residue position 90; these oligosaccharide chain
      units are linked to asparagine residues in the acceptor site consensus sequence,
      Asn-X-Thr/Ser; 7) that the presence of the carbohydrate unit in domain 1 is not
      required for efficient binding of this domain to polymeric Ig: indeed, after
      enzymatic deglycosylation, domain 1 exhibits a relative binding avidity which is
      indistinguishable from that of the native glycosylated domain 1.

PMID- 3358867
TI  - Daily decision-making in community residences: a social comparison of adults with
      and without mental retardation.
AB  - In addition to physical placement in the community, the extent to which
      individuals experience personal autonomy may provide a crucial measure of the
      attainment of a more normalized lifestyle. Everyday choices and choice-making
      opportunities of 24 persons with mental retardation living in community group
      homes were compared to choices of 42 nonretarded adults. The adults with mental
      retardation had significantly fewer opportunities to make decisions on such
      matters as what to eat or wear, how to spend free time, and with whom to live.
      Results were discussed in terms of the need to operationalize meaningful
      improvements in the lives of persons with mental retardation that go beyond the
      appearance of the physical environment.

PMID- 3358868
TI  - Friendship patterns of mildly learning handicapped and nonhandicapped high school
      students.
AB  - Participant observation techniques were employed in a high school setting to
      document the friendship patterns of 32 mildly learning handicapped and 32
      nonhandicapped adolescents. Three features of friendship were examined: intimacy,
      empathy, and stability over time. Handicapped adolescents were found to have
      fewer friendships than did their nonhandicapped counterparts and less stable
      friendships. There was less evidence of intimacy and empathy between pairs of
      handicapped peers. Variation in friendship behavior within both populations was
      noted, and factors contributing to difficulties in achieving fuller friendship
      were discussed.

PMID- 3358869
TI  - Number-comparison learning by children classified as mentally retarded.
AB  - A training experiment was undertaken to determine whether children classified as
      mentally retarded could learn a general magnitude-comparison rule ("The number
      that comes after another in the number sequence is more than the preceding
      number"). After a pretest, 22 subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental
      or a control training group. On both immediate and delayed posttests, the
      experimental subjects significantly outperformed control children on trained
      number pairs. A modest amount of transfer was also evident. The results suggest
      that a counting-based approach that utilizes rule rehearsal can help children
      classified as mentally retarded to use their representation of the number
      sequence to make mental magnitude comparisons.

PMID- 3358870
TI  - Assessment of the perceived school loneliness and isolation of mentally retarded
      and nonretarded students.
AB  - Research indicates that mentally retarded students are often socially rejected or
      neglected by peers, which may result in students feeling lonely or isolated.
      Perceived school loneliness and isolation of mainstreamed retarded students and
      their nonretarded peers was assessed using a 5-point, Likert-type loneliness
      scale. Retarded students reported significantly more loneliness and isolation
      than did their nonretarded counterparts. Findings suggest that mainstreaming by
      itself does not eliminate loneliness and other adverse effects of social
      isolation. Results were discussed in terms of social metacognition theory and
      possible intervention needed to remediate the loneliness of retarded students.

PMID- 3358871
TI  - Neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) tumor of the skin: fine-needle aspiration cytology,
      histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of 12 cases.
AB  - A series of 12 cases of neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) tumor of the skin, observed
      in the last 4 years, is reported. The mean age of the patients, 10 females and 2
      males, was 62.4 years. The head, buttocks and extremities were the primary
      locations. The recurrence rate was 33.3% and 2 patients died of their disease.
      The histology is characterized by small round cells growing in solid sheets,
      nests or trabeculae. Ultrastructural study showed cytoplasmic membrane-bound
      granules of neurosecretory type and collections of perinuclear intermediate
      filaments as constant findings. The presence of cytoskeletal proteins was studied
      with monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and neurofilaments, as well as
      neuron-specific enolase reactivity, by the immunoperoxidase technique in 7 cases.
      Cytokeratin was demonstrated in 5 tumors and neurofilaments in 3, whereas the
      neuron-specific enolase was positive in all tested cases. In 4 patients a fine
      needle aspiration biopsy of the primary, skin recurrences or lymph node
      metastasis was performed, showing the reliability of this technique in the
      diagnosis and staging of the disease.

PMID- 3358872
TI  - Flow-cytometric assessment of DNA index and percent S phase cells in bronchogenic
      epidermoid carcinoma.
AB  - The DNA index and percent S phase cells were assessed in 45 bronchogenic
      epidermoid carcinomas from paraffin-embedded retrieved material by flow
      cytometry. Previously, a comparison between flow cytometric findings from fresh
      and from paraffin-embedded material was made. The DNA index and the percent S
      phase cells from fresh and paraffin-embedded material were strongly correlated.
      Only 3 of the 45 cases were diploid. The DNA index was significantly lower in
      grade 1 than in grade 2-3 tumors. No correlations were found between DNA index
      and presence of lymph node metastases, but the percent S phase cells was
      significantly higher in lymph-node-positive tumors.

PMID- 3358874
TI  - [Abnormalities of brain differentiation induced by chemical agents].

PMID- 3358873
TI  - Aplastic anemia and neonatal giant-cell hepatitis.
AB  - The authors report the case of a female infant with bone marrow aplasia
      associated with neonatal giant-cell hepatitis. In addition to noting the
      exceptionality of this case, the possible interdependence of the two processes is
      discussed, and it is proposed that bone marrow aplasia, as in the adult, may
      represent a complication of viral disease (hepatitis).

PMID- 3358875
TI  - [Undernutrition and brain growth].

PMID- 3358876
TI  - [Reorganization of neural circuits caused by early brain damage].

PMID- 3358877
TI  - [Cerebral function monitor (CFM) in neonates and prognosis].

PMID- 3358879
TI  - [29th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology. 2-4 July 1987,
      Tokyo. Proceedings].

PMID- 3358878
TI  - [Development of standing and walking evaluated by the center of gravity].

PMID- 3358880
TI  - [Atlanto-axial interspinous articulation--a histological study].
AB  - Three cases of atlanto-axial interspinous articulation (AIA) were reported. In a
      case, the articulating C1 posterior arch and C2 spinal process were removed en
      bloc during surgery. In an other case, articulating parts of C1 and C2 arches
      were excised by chisel. These had facets with glistening smooth surfaces and were
      consisted of fibrocartilage histologically. The facets were connected by a
      membrane containing the synovial layer, loose connective tissue layer with small
      vessels and the dense fibrous layer. With review of X-ray findings of present
      cases and cases reported in the literature, the AIA was classified into (1)
      simple type and (2) hyperplastic type. It was stressed that the hyperplastic type
      of AIA can produce definite cord compression.

PMID- 3358881
TI  - The influence of beta-adrenoceptor blockers with and without intrinsic
      sympathomimetic activity on heart rate, arrhythmias and ST-T segments, using
      ambulatory electrocardiography.
AB  - 1. Ambulatory electrocardiography was used to compare the effects of propranolol
      and pindolol on symptoms, heart rate, arrhythmias and ST segments. Seventeen
      males (mean age 54 years) with a diagnosis of chronic stable angina pectoris (New
      York Heart Association Class II-III) were studied. Patients were treated on a
      double-blind cross-over basis with propranolol 80 mg three times daily or
      pindolol 5 mg three times daily for 14 days each. During the last 48 h of each
      treatment period ambulatory electrocardiography was performed. 2. Propranolol
      resulted in a significantly lower mean hourly, mean 24 h and minimum heart rate.
      Likewise propranolol caused a lower mean daytime and nocturnal heart rate. There
      was no significant difference in the frequency of angina between the treatments.
      The number of episodes of ST segment depression was not significantly different
      between the two drugs, although there was a trend in favour of propranolol. 3.
      Both the mean 24 h ST level and the maximum ST segment depression were lower
      during treatment with pindolol. Propranolol was associated with a total of 117
      nocturnal pauses or episodes of asystole ranging in length from 1.5 to 2.8 s.
      During treatment with pindolol only one such period occurred. The number of
      premature ventricular contractions occurring during treatment with pindolol (1316
      beats) was less than on propranolol (2010) and the mean hourly frequency of
      premature ventricular contractions was significantly lower during pindolol
      administration. 4. Pindolol is not significantly different from propranolol in
      the control of symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia and is
      associated with fewer premature ventricular contractions. However, there is no
      advantage in using pindolol in chronic stable angina.

PMID- 3358882
TI  - Acute inotropic effects of intravenous nifedipine and its vehicle compared with
      saline: a double-blind study of systolic time intervals in normal subjects.
AB  - 1. The inotropic effects of intravenous nifedipine and its vehicle were studied
      noninvasively in a double-blind placebo controlled crossover fashion using
      systolic time intervals in 12 normal subjects. 2. Nifedipine caused vasodilation,
      a fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and increased heart rate. The
      vehicle alone caused vasodilation and decreased systolic blood pressure, without
      a change in heart rate. 3. Nifedipine increased left ventricular ejection time
      (LVET) and decreased pre-ejection period (PEP) and the ratio PEP/LVET, whereas
      the vehicle alone had the opposite effect. Neither treatment affected the total
      duration of electromechanical systole. 4. These results suggest that the vehicle
      has a negative inotropic effect, which is overcome by the indirect positive
      inotropic effect of nifedipine when they are administered together systemically.

PMID- 3358883
TI  - Concentration-time profiles of ethanol and acetaldehyde in human volunteers
      treated with the alcohol-sensitizing drug, calcium carbimide.
AB  - 1. The disposition kinetics of ethanol and its toxic metabolite acetaldehyde were
      investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers who ingested 0.25 g kg-1 ethanol after
      an overnight fast. This dose of ethanol was given 2 h after they swallowed a
      tablet of either calcium carbimide CC (50 mg), a potent inhibitor of low Km
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), or placebo according to a single-blind crossover
      design. 2. The pulmonary blood concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde were
      estimated indirectly by means of a gas chromatographic method modified for
      analysis of end-expired breath. This non-invasive sampling technique allowed
      replicate determinations at 15 min intervals. 3. The distribution volume of
      ethanol (V) was 0.64 +/- 0.023 1 kg-1 after CC and 0.68 +/- 0.026 l kg-1 after
      placebo treatment (P greater than 0.05). The zero order slope of the blood
      ethanol decay profile (ko) decreased by about 5% when low Km ALDH was inhibited.
      The elimination of ethanol from the body (V X ko) was 1.9 +/- 0.051 mmol kg-1 h-1
      after CC compared with 2.11 +/- 0.056 mmol kg-1 h-1 in placebo control
      experiments (P less than 0.001). The area under the ethanol concentration time
      curve (0----180 min) increased after CC treatment implying a change in clearance.
      4. The disposition of acetaldehyde was markedly different in subjects pretreated
      with CC. The peak blood-concentrations, estimated by analysis of breath, ranged
      from 40-242 mumol l-1 compared with 1.7-6.5 mumol l-1 after placebo.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358884
TI  - Effects of resins and activated charcoal on the absorption of digoxin,
      carbamazepine and frusemide.
AB  - 1. The interference of resins and activated charcoal with the absorption of
      digoxin, carbamazepine and frusemide was studied. 2. In a cross-over study
      consisting of four phases, single doses of colestipol hydrochloride (10 g),
      cholestyramine (8 g), activated charcoal (8 g) or water only were given to six
      healthy volunteers immediately after the simultaneous ingestion of digoxin (0.25
      mg), carbamazepine (400 mg) and frusemide (40 mg). Plasma and urine
      concentrations of the test drugs and the urine volumes were determined up to 72
      h. 3. The absorption of digoxin was not reduced by colestipol, moderately (30
      40%, P less than 0.05) reduced by cholestyramine and greatly (96%) by charcoal.
      4. The absorption of carbamazepine was not decreased by cholestyramine, slightly
      (10%) by colestipol and greatly (90%) by activated charcoal. 5. The absorption
      and the diuretic effect of frusemide were significantly diminished by all agents.
      The bioavailability was reduced by colestipol 80%, by cholestyramine 95% and by
      activated charcoal 99.5%. 6. The interference with the gastrointestinal
      absorption of most of the basic drugs by colestipol and cholestyramine seems to
      be minimal. On the other hand, the resins may seriously impair the absorption of
      certain acidic drugs, for example frusemide.

PMID- 3358885
TI  - Pulmonary disposition of pethidine in postoperative patients.
AB  - 1. Two methods of pethidine administration, namely constant-rate infusion and
      single i.v. injection, were used to assess the pulmonary disposition of the drug
      in 10 postoperative patients. Using two sites of blood sampling, the pulmonary
      extraction ratio was determined. 2. Pronounced pulmonary uptake of pethidine was
      found in all patients (n = 10). On the other hand, there was no significant
      evidence of pulmonary clearance. 3. The mean total plasma clearance was 810 ml
      min-1 and the volume of distribution was 3.11 kg-1. 4. A flow model was used to
      describe the disposition of pethidine in man. The concentration-time profiles
      calculated by the model were in accordance with observed data. The data showed
      that both pulmonary uptake and pulmonary release of pethidine were rapid. 5.
      Constant-rate infusion was found advantageous in the determination of pulmonary
      extraction, with respect to the accuracy and precision of the results. The
      extraction obtained after a single injection may be overestimated on account of
      uptake of the drug by the lungs.

PMID- 3358886
TI  - Lack of effect of nitrendipine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      midazolam during steady state.
AB  - 1. The possible interaction (as indicated by rat experiments) between calcium
      channel blocking agents and benzodiazepines has been evaluated in nine healthy
      subjects. 2. Subsequently to an intravenous loading dose (0.07 mg kg-1) midazolam
      was infused for 6 h (0.035 mg kg-1 h-1) and steady state plasma levels between 54
      to 114 micrograms l-1 were achieved. Two hours after the bolus of midazolam a
      solution of 20 mg nitrendipine or placebo was administered in a randomized,
      double-blind crossover fashion. 3. The marked sedative-hypnotic effects of
      midazolam as assessed by visual analogue scales (about four fold increase in the
      sedation index) and choice reaction time (100% prolongation) indicated some form
      of adaptation or tolerance towards the end of the infusion. However, the
      midazolam-induced impairments were not affected by nitrendipine. 4. EEG-data
      indicated stabile benzodiazepine-like effects during the complete infusion period
      of midazolam (e.g. decrease in alpha activity, increase in sigma, delta 2 and
      beta 1 activity). Again, these alterations were not modified by nitrendipine. 5.
      There was also no pharmacokinetic interaction between both agents, since
      elimination of midazolam (t 1/2 = 2.5 +/- 0.8 h; CL = 548 +/- 143 ml min-1) was
      in close agreement with control values (t 1/2 = 2.4 +/- 0.6 h; CL = 512 +/- 102
      ml min-1). Likewise, plasma levels of nitrendipine were comparable to literature
      data. 6. Thus, it could be concluded that nitrendipine does not affect the action
      of midazolam and therefore a direct involvement of calcium at the benzodiazepine
      receptor site is unlikely under our clinical conditions.

PMID- 3358887
TI  - Inhibition of the enzyme, GABA-aminotransferase in human platelets by vigabatrin,
      a potential antiepileptic drug.
AB  - 1. The effect of the new antiepileptic drug, vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA), on
      the platelet enzyme, GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) was investigated in
      volunteers and patients. Platelets GABA-T activity was assayed using a
      radioenzymic method. 2. Three single oral doses of vigabatrin (1 g, 2 g and 4 g)
      were given to six healthy male volunteers in an open randomised cross over study
      and compared with a baseline period preceding the three treatments. 3.
      Significant inhibition of the platelet GABA-T was produced by treatment with all
      three doses and a dose-response relationship was demonstrated. The minimum enzyme
      activities after 1 g, 2 g and 4 g doses were 43%, 30% and 21% respectively
      compared with the control values. 4. A significant depression of enzyme activity
      occurred at 30 min after drug administration and the values remained below
      control values for 72 h post-dose, outlasting the presence of the drug itself in
      the plasma. 5. Eight patients with chronic refractory epilepsy were treated with
      vigabatrin for 6 weeks. After taking the 2 g daily dose for 1 week there was a
      marked reduction in platelet enzyme activity in all subjects but the enzyme
      inhibition produced by the 3 g dose was not significantly different from that
      produced by the 2 g dose, even after 4 weeks treatment with the larger dose. The
      mean enzyme activity was approximately 30% throughout the active treatment
      period. One week after stopping vigabatrin, the enzyme levels were not
      significantly different from the baseline values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3358888
TI  - Relative bioavailability of the hydrochloride, sulphate and ethyl carbonate salts
      of quinine.
AB  - The hydrochloride, sulphate and ethylcarbonate salts of quinine were given in
      single oral doses (600 mg base equivalent) to nine healthy male subjects
      according to a cross-over design. No statistically significant differences were
      noted in the plasma drug concentration-time profiles although inter- and intra
      subject variation in AUC, Cmax and tmax values was appreciable. The
      ethylcarbonate salt may be preferred for use in paediatric patients because of
      its neutral taste.

PMID- 3358889
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous nalbuphine in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine were studied in 10 healthy volunteers on two
      separate occasions following administration by either the intravenous (20 mg) or
      oral (60 mg) route. After administration, serum concentrations of nalbuphine were
      measured for 12 h using a high pressure liquid chromatography assay, and
      pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using a three compartment model. After
      i.v. administration, elimination half-life was 222 (111-460) min (mean and range)
      and total body clearance was 1.5 (0.8-2.3) 1 min-1.Cmax after oral administration
      was 21.4 (6.0-36.2) ng ml-1 and tmax was 46.6 (15.3-89.0) min. Bioavailability of
      the oral preparation was 11.8 (6.1-20.1)%.

PMID- 3358890
TI  - Absorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid from colon and rectum.
AB  - In order to clarify the characteristics of absorption of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5
      ASA) from the colon, a neutral solution was instilled into the right part of the
      colon and the rectum, respectively, in six volunteers. A laxative (bisacodyl) and
      liquid meals were given prior to each instillation. No significant difference
      could be demonstrated between the two parts of the large bowel, but the
      absorption was considerably restricted compared with previous results obtained
      from the jejunum. The results confirm in a direct manner earlier observations on
      5-ASA released from sulphasalazine.

PMID- 3358891
TI  - Lack of relationship between debrisoquine oxidation phenotype and the
      pharmacokinetics and first dose effect of prazosin.
AB  - The relationship between debrisoquine oxidation phenotype and the
      pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of prazosin has been
      studied in eight hypertensive patients (four extensive and four poor
      metabolisers). No significant differences between the two phenotypes were
      observed in either the area under the plasma prazosin concentration-time curve,
      the terminal half-life or the first-dose effect of prazosin.

PMID- 3358892
TI  - Biliary excretion of antipyrine and its metabolites after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3358893
TI  - Adverse reactions to the non-drug constituents of nebuliser solutions.

PMID- 3358894
TI  - The effect of ageing on the disposition of nifedipine and atenolol.
AB  - 1. Healthy young and elderly volunteers received 20 mg nifedipine (slow release)
      orally for 2 weeks with concomitant dosing of atenolol 50 mg orally during the
      second week. 2. Drug kinetics and dynamics were compared between the groups after
      a single dose of nifedipine (day 1), after chronic dosing for 1 week (day 8), and
      following concomitant daily dosing of atenolol (day 15). 3. Plasma profiles of
      nifedipine were similar within each group on each of the 3 sampling days. The
      elderly group had higher plasma concentrations from about 6 h but there was no
      difference in the maximum concentrations achieved. The half-life in the elderly
      was significantly longer (8.8 +/- 0.9 h) compared with that in the young (5.8 +/-
      1.1 h) (P less than 0.01). 4. Blood concentrations of atenolol were higher in the
      elderly at 12 and 24 h post-dose (P less than 0.001) and the AUC was greater than
      in the young (P less than 0.001). 5. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by
      nifedipine in both groups but to a greater extent in the elderly (P less than
      0.01); differences in diastolic blood pressure were not significant. Blood
      pressure was reduced further by the addition of atenolol. Atenolol reduced the
      heart rate in all subjects.

PMID- 3358895
TI  - Age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine.
AB  - 1. The effects of age on the pharmacology of nifedipine were investigated in 11
      young and six elderly normotensive volunteers. 2. Following 2.5 mg of nifedipine
      i.v. the plasma clearance of nifedipine was 348 +/- 83 (s.d.) ml min-1 in the
      elderly compared with 519 +/- 125 ml min-1 in the young (P less than 0.05) and
      the AUC in the elderly was significantly greater at 125 +/- 28 ng ml-1 h compared
      with 83.9 +/- 19 ng ml-1 h (P less than 0.05). The Vss was similar in both age
      groups. 3. Following 10 mg oral sustained release nifedipine the AUC was 281 +/-
      64 ng ml-1 h in the elderly compared with 136 +/- 56 ng ml-1 h in the young (P
      less than 0.002) and Cmax in the elderly was significantly greater at 36.8 +/-
      11.8 ng ml-1 compared with 22.3 +/- 5.8 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.05). The trend
      towards an increased bioavailability in elderly subjects (36%) was supported by a
      significantly lower nitropyridine metabolite/nifedipine ratio in the elderly. 4.
      Absorption rate limited kinetics of the sustained release formulation were
      indicated by the prolonged t1/2 compared with i.v. administration. In the elderly
      t1/2 (oral) was significantly greater than in the young (elderly 6.7 +/- 2.2 h,
      young 3.8 +/- 1.4 h, P less than 0.05). 5. Haemodynamic changes in the young were
      confined to a tachycardia following i.v. administration. In the elderly, supine
      BP fell significantly following both oral and i.v. nifedipine while the heart
      rate remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358897
TI  - The effect of combined therapy on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      verapamil and propranolol in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral verapamil and propranolol
      were studied in patients with stable angina pectoris during chronic mono- and
      dual therapy. 2. The peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and areas under the plasma
      concentration-time curves (AUC) of verapamil were similar during combined
      treatment with propranolol (mean +/- s.d.: Cmax = 491 +/- 397 ng ml-1; AUC = 2075
      +/- 1524 ng ml-1 h) or atenolol (mean +/- s.d.: Cmax = 372 +/- 320 ng ml-1; AUC =
      1985 +/- 1660 ng ml-1 h). 3. No differences in Cmax and AUC were observed during
      verapamil monotherapy (mean +/- s.d.: Cmax = 287 +/- 105 ng ml-1; AUC = 1375 +/-
      455 ng ml-1 h) vs combined treatment with propranolol (mean +/- s.d.: Cmax = 312
      +/- 55 ng ml-1; AUC = 1566 +/- 486 ng ml-1 h). 4. Treatment with verapamil
      increased the Cmax (mean +/- s.d.: 227 +/- 117 vs 116 +/- 62 ng ml-1, P less than
      0.05) and AUC (1389 +/- 617 vs 837 +/- 316 ng ml-1 h, P = 0.0625) of propranolol
      in all subjects. 5. Transient atrioventricular dissociation occurred in two
      patients 2 h after dosing with verapamil and propranolol or atenolol. 6. Close
      observation of patients is essential when beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and
      verapamil are used together.

PMID- 3358896
TI  - Effect of digoxin on the heart in normal subjects: influence of isometric
      exercise and autonomic blockade: a noninvasive study.
AB  - 1. Eight healthy subjects were studied before digoxin and after successive
      therapy periods of 1 week 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 mg of digoxin. The mean serum
      concentrations (+/- s. d.) were 0.4 +/- 0.2, 0.6 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.5 nmol l
      1, respectively. The effects of digitalis were studied by echocardiography and
      systolic time intervals at rest and after 3 min handgrip exercise. Effects of
      simultaneous autonomic blockade induced by atropine and propranolol were also
      examined. 2. Digoxin in increasing doses slowed the heart rate at rest; with the
      daily dose of 0.50 mg from 63 +/- 10 to 53 +/- 6 beats min-1, and fractional
      shortening rose from 28 +/- 6 to 33 +/- 3% (P less than 0.05 for both). Preload,
      afterload and cardiac output did not change. The electromechanic systolic time
      index (QS2I) decreased (P less than 0.001) and the observed alteration of QS2I
      was dose-related. 3. The influence of digoxin was similar during isometric
      exercise, except for unchanged fractional shortening. 4. During autonomic
      blockade digoxin slowed the intrinsic heart rate from 93 +/- 6 to 86 +/- 6 beats
      min-1 (0.25 mg) and to 83 +/- 6 beats min-1 (0.50 mg) (P less than 0.01 for
      both). QS2I was shortened (P less than 0.01). Echocardiographically determined
      ejection phase indices remained unchanged. 5. When handgrip stress was induced
      during autonomic blockade, digoxin evoked a clearcut increase in contractile
      function, resembling the effects of digoxin alone at rest. Thus, fractional
      shortening increased by 14% and QS2I decreased by 16 ms (P less than 0.01 for
      both). 6. We conclude that digoxin increases the contractility in normal heart
      without changes in loading conditions. The rise in inotropy at rest is obvious
      from both fractional shortening by echo and systolic time intervals. The same
      takes place during handgrip with autonomic blockade, when the heart lacks
      sympathetic support. The influence of long-term digoxin on heart rate is partly
      direct without autonomic mediation. The effect of digoxin is dose-dependent.

PMID- 3358898
TI  - Influence of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of cicletanine and its
      effects on the urinary excretion of electrolytes and prostanoids.
AB  - 1. The kinetics of a single oral dose (300 mg) of cicletanine a new
      antihypertensive drug with diuretic properties, and its effects on the urinary
      excretion of electrolytes and of the major stable metabolites of prostacyclin and
      thromboxane A2 were studied in patients with normal renal function (n = 6), mild
      (n = 9) and severe (n = 10) renal insufficiency. 2. In normotensive subjects with
      normal renal function, cicletanine was rapidly and regularly absorbed, its
      apparent elimination half-life established around 7 h, and both its renal
      clearance (0.4 ml min-1) and its cumulative renal excretion (0.85% of the
      administered dose), were low. Mild renal insufficiency did not significantly
      alter these parameters, while severe renal impairment reduced the renal clearance
      and the cumulative urinary excretion of cicletanine and increased its apparent
      elimination half-life (31 h). However the area under the plasma curve was not
      changed due to reduced plasma concentrations in these patients. 3. Cicletanine
      induced a rapid and marked (four fold as a mean) increase in the urinary
      excretion of water, sodium and potassium which lasted for 6 to 10 h, in subjects
      with normal renal function. Renal insufficiency did not alter the slope of the
      calculated plasma concentration-effects curves but reduced the maximum effect
      observed for water, sodium and potassium. 4. A single oral dose of cicletanine
      did not change the urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and
      thromboxane B2 in the three groups of patients studied, the basal values of which
      being found to be closely related to the creatinine clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358899
TI  - A survey of the prevalence of penicillin-specific IgG, IgM and IgE antibodies
      detected by ELISA and defined by hapten inhibition, in patients with suspected
      penicillin allergy and in healthy volunteers.
AB  - 1. IgG, IgM and IgE anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) antibody activities were
      determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 100 patients
      who claimed to be allergic to penicillin, and from 50 healthy volunteers.
      Continuous frequency distributions for all three classes of anti-BPO antibody,
      defined as differential binding (delta OD) to BPO-human serum albumin (HSA) and
      HSA, were obtained for both groups. 2. For IgM and IgE classes the anti-BPO
      activities were slightly but statistically significantly higher in the patient
      group compared with the volunteer group. 3. Hapten inhibition ELISAs were
      performed to confirm specificity for the BPO determinant. On the basis of
      antibody activities (delta OD values) greater than or equal to 0.3 and 50%
      inhibition of binding in the presence of 100 micrograms ml-1 BPO-caproate, BPO
      specific IgG antibody was identified in 4/100 of the patients' sera and in 1/50
      of the volunteers' sera; BPO-specific IgM was identified in 7/100 patients' sera
      and 1/50 volunteers' sera; and BPO-specific IgE in 5/100 patients' sera and 1/50
      volunteers' sera. 4. Not all sera with differential antibody binding to BPO
      HSA/HSA were inhibited by the BPO hapten. Hence, hapten inhibition assays are
      essential for the unambiguous demonstration of drug specific antibodies.

PMID- 3358900
TI  - Pharmaceutical innovation by the seven UK-owned pharmaceutical companies (1964
      1985).
AB  - 1 A total of three hundred and nineteen new chemical entities (NCEs) were
      investigated in man for the first time between 1964 and 1985 by seven UK-owned
      pharmaceutical companies. The majority (96.2%), were self-originated by the UK
      company or one of its overseas subsidiaries. 2 There was an increase in the
      number of NCEs investigated each year in man, doubling from an average of 12 per
      year up to 1980, to over 20 per year between 1981 and 1985. The majority of first
      drug evaluations in human volunteers were carried out in the UK (92.2%), in
      contrast to evaluation of new medicines in patients, where 42.9% were first
      tested outside the UK. 3 The majority of NCEs evaluated in man (78%), were in
      four therapeutic classes: anti-infectives (32%), anti-allergics (22%), drugs
      acting on the central nervous system (13%) and cardiovascular system agents
      (11%). 4 By the end of 1985, 49 (15.4%) of these NCEs had been marketed in the UK
      and 198 (62.0%) discontinued from further development. The main reasons for
      termination were inappropriate pharmacokinetics in man (39.4%), and lack of
      clinical efficacy (29.3%). 5 Average development times increased from less than 2
      years between 1964 and 1965, to around 8 years in the 1980s with a consequent
      reduction in the effective patent life.

PMID- 3358902
TI  - Post-marketing surveillance.

PMID- 3358901
TI  - Selective inhibitory effects of nifedipine and verapamil on oxidative metabolism:
      effects on theophylline.
AB  - Nine healthy male volunteers were studied to assess the possibility of an
      interaction between theophylline and nifedipine or verapamil using a randomised,
      crossover design. Subjects received theophylline 125 mg 8 hourly with and without
      nifedipine 20 mg 12 hourly and verapamil 80 mg 8 hourly. Nifedipine treatment
      reduced mean total theophylline clearance by 9%, due to decreased clearances via
      1- and 3-demethylation. Verapamil treatment reduced mean total theophylline
      clearance by 14%, due to decreased clearances via 1- and 3-demethylation and 8
      hydroxylation. Verapamil and nifedipine at usual clinical doses are unlikely to
      cause clinically significant changes in theophylline disposition.

PMID- 3358903
TI  - Detection of chromosomal 7 loss in myelodysplasia using an extremely polymorphic
      DNA probe.
AB  - Chromosomal loss is a characteristic feature of the myelodysplastic syndromes
      (MDS). A method is described which detects chromosomal 7 loss in MDS by DNA
      analysis using a specific hypervariable region gene probe which has been cloned
      from a human DNA fingerprint. Loss of one of the chromosomal 7 homologues was
      demonstrated in 10/118 MDS patients; the ten patients include all the five
      patients which had previously been shown to have monosomy 7 by cytogenetic
      analysis. This technique makes it feasible to study serial samples from large
      numbers of patients for loss of chromosomal material and could be readily applied
      to the study of other human malignancies.

PMID- 3358904
TI  - Doxorubicin cellular pharmacokinetics and DNA breakage in a multi-drug resistant
      B16 melanoma cell line.
AB  - Mechanisms of anthracycline resistance have been investigated in a B16 murine
      melanoma cell subline selected by continuous in vitro exposure to increasing
      concentrations of doxorubicin (DX). Altered drug pharmacokinetics were observed
      in resistant B16 cells as compared to the sensitive counterpart. In fact,
      cellular DX uptake - as determined by a fluorescence method - was lower in
      resistant than in sensitive cells. Furthermore, drug efflux rate was shown to be
      higher in resistant than in sensitive cells; treatment of cells with the
      metabolic inhibitor sodium azide decreased drug efflux rate in resistant but not
      in sensitive cells, suggesting the presence of an energy-dependent drug extrusion
      mechanism in the resistant B16 cells. However, since drug-induced cell killing
      did not correlate with cellular DX contents in sensitive and resistant cells,
      drug resistance of B16 subline could not be completely explained by the observed
      differences in drug pharmacokinetics. Since drug-induced DNA breaks have been
      related to drug cytotoxicity, DNA cleavage was also measured by alkaline elution
      methods. The number of DNA breaks produced by DX was decreased in resistant cells
      as compared to sensitive cells at the same cellular drug accumulation. The
      results are consistent with the view that anthracycline resistance may be
      multifactorial and probably arises following multiple biochemical changes.

PMID- 3358906
TI  - Pre-clinical studies of a novel anti-mitotic agent, amphethinile.
AB  - A new antitumour agent is described, which has been shown to induce a G2/M block
      in murine leukaemia cells in vitro. In addition this agent has been shown to be
      equally toxic toward parental and daunorubicin-resistant P388 cells in vitro.
      These resistant cells are highly cross-resistant to the established anti-mitotic
      agents vincristine and vinblastine. Drug accumulation studies in cells have shown
      that whereas resistance in this cell line is associated with decreased drug
      accumulation in the case of daunorubicin, vincristine and vinblastine, this
      effect is much less pronounced for amphethinile. It is proposed that amphethinile
      is a poor substrate for the drug efflux process associated with the pleiotropic
      resistance mechanism operating in these cells. The data suggest that cell
      sensitivity towards amphethinile differs qualitatively from that of the vinca
      alkaloids and anthracycline. Pharmacokinetic studies in male mice were
      undertaken. Area under the curve values (AUC), show that levels of approximately
      313 micrograms l-1 h-1 were attained at doses equivalent to the LD10. The alpha
      half life is approximately 8 min after a bolus intravenous injection. The beta
      half life was approximately 100 min and relatively independent of dose level.

PMID- 3358905
TI  - Anticancer agents coupled to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers. II.
      Evaluation of daunomycin conjugates in vivo against L1210 leukaemia.
AB  - DBA2 mice were inoculated i.p. with 10(5)L1210 cells. Animals subsequently
      treated with daunomycin (single i.p. dose, 0.25-5.0 mg kg-1) all died. The
      maximum increase in mean survival time observed was approximately 135%. Animals
      treated with N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers conjugated to
      daunomycin (DNM) showed a significant increase in mean survival time when the
      polymer-drug linkage was biodegradable (i.e., Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly). Such treatment
      also produced a number of long term survivors (greater than 50 days). In
      contrast, HPMA copolymer conjugated to DNM via a non-degradable linkage (Gly-Gly)
      produced no increase in survival time relative to untreated control animals. The
      effect observed with biodegradable HPMA copolymer-DNM conjugates was dependent on
      the concentration of conjugated drug administered (optimum greater than 5 mg kg
      1); the frequency of administration (multiple doses were more effective than
      single); the timing of administration (single doses given on days 1 and 3 were
      most effective); and the site of tumour inoculation and route of drug
      administration. Biodegradable HPMA copolymer-DNM conjugates administered i.p.
      were active against L1210 inoculated s.c. at higher doses than required to curb a
      peritoneal tumour. Under certain experimental conditions polymer-DNM conjugates
      containing fucosylamine or galactosamine proved more active than conjugates
      without the carbohydrate moeity. The mechanism of drug-conjugate action in vivo
      is at present unclear. Radioiodination of polymer showed approximately 75% of
      polymer-drug conjugate to be excreted 24 h after i.p. administration. Synthesis
      of HPMA conjugates containing [3H]DNM showed that polymer containing Gly-Gly
      [3H]DNM was excreted (60% of radioactivity in the urine, 24 h) in macromolecular
      form. In contrast polymer containing Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-[3H]DNM was largely excreted
      in the form of low molecular weight species.

PMID- 3358907
TI  - Local induction of a cytotoxic factor in a murine tumour by systemic
      administration of an antitumour polysaccharide, MGA.
AB  - When an antitumour mannoglucan prepared from Microellobosporia grisea, MGA was
      administered i.v. to C3H/He mice bearing the solid MH134 hepatoma, a cytotoxic
      factor was induced that was detectable in the tumour homogenate by an 8 h
      cytolysis assay against L-929 fibroblasts. Without MGA treatment, the cytotoxic
      factor was not detectable in the tumour homogenate. MGA induced the cytotoxic
      factor in tumour tissue specifically, its level reaching a maximum (24 U ml-1) 3
      h after administration of MGA: little if any cytotoxic factor was detectable in
      homogenates of normal tissues or sera after MGA-treatment. The molecular size of
      the cytotoxic factor was estimated to be 70-80 kD by gel filtration. It seemed to
      be a type of tumour necrosis factor because its activity was inhibited by
      antiserum against murine tumour necrosis factor. From these results, the
      selective induction of the cytotoxic factor was concluded to be important in the
      mechanism of the antitumour activity of MGA.

PMID- 3358908
TI  - Results of treatment of non seminomatous germ cell tumours; 122 consecutive cases
      in the West of Scotland, 1981-1985.
AB  - Between January 1981 and December 1985, 122 patients with non-seminomatous germ
      cell tumours (NSGT) were seen at a regional referral centre. Of these, a total of
      98 patients received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Treatment was given
      within collaborative EORTC Urology group studies, all of which involved cis
      platin-containing schedules. Ninety patients had tumours of testicular origin,
      and their 2 year actuarial survival rate is 91%; 8 had tumours of extragonadal
      origin and their 2 year actuarial survival is 25%. Patients with testicular
      tumours were subdivided by volume of metastatic disease using the recommendations
      of the Testicular Cancer Subgroup of the MRC Urological Cancer Working Party and
      survival was significantly worse in the group with very large volume metastatic
      disease (VLVM, 57%) compared with the groups with large volume metastases (LVM,
      100%) and small volume metastases (SVM, 98%). There were 31 patients with Stage I
      disease at presentation; of these 6 were treated by prophylactic abdominal
      radiotherapy and 25 were managed by a policy of surveillance only. Seven of these
      Stage I patients (23%) relapsed with metastatic disease (median 8 months); all
      have been successfully treated with chemotherapy. These data confirm that the
      majority of patients now presenting with metastatic NSGCT are curable with
      chemotherapy, but that a small proportion with very large volume metastases or
      extragonadal tumours require alternative chemotherapy schedules.

PMID- 3358909
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of locoregional 5 fluorouracil (5FU) in
      advanced colorectal liver metastases.
AB  - By measuring peripheral drug levels in plasma, the effect of combining albumin
      microspheres with angiotensin II on systemic exposure to 5FU when administered by
      bolus injection into the hepatic artery in patients with advanced colorectal
      liver metastases has been assessed. The results suggest that despite hepatic
      arterial administration of 5FU, there was no reduction in systemic exposure when
      compared with that associated with intravenous injection of the same dose.
      Neither albumin microspheres nor angiotensin II appeared to improve the regional
      advantage. There have been a number of reports relating the plasma levels of
      cytotoxic agents with pharmacodynamic parameters. We have shown significant
      direct correlations between 5FU clearance and 1 week post treatment platelet and
      white cell counts, and an inverse relationship between the area under the 5FU
      plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and 1 week post treatment platelet count
      and white cell count respectively.

PMID- 3358911
TI  - Prediction of the clinical chemotherapeutic response of stage III lung
      adenocarcinoma patients by an in vitro short term test.

PMID- 3358910
TI  - The effects of aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone, alone and combined, on
      androgen levels in post-orchiectomy prostatic cancer patients.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide has been used in combination with hydrocortisone in patients
      with advanced prostatic cancer with the rationale that it causes a 'medical
      adrenalectomy'. Both objective and subjective responses have been recorded. We
      have examined the effect of AG and HC alone and in combination on plasma androgen
      levels throughout the day in two studies on 11 such patients. Whilst AG combined
      with HC led to a significant suppression of both testosterone and androstenedione
      levels, the suppression with HC alone was significantly greater, indicating that
      any beneficial clinical effects of AG in these patients is not due to its
      suppression of adrenal androgen secretion.

PMID- 3358913
TI  - The dose-effect relationship between 'unopposed' oestrogens and endometrial
      mitotic rate: its central role in explaining and predicting endometrial cancer
      risk.
AB  - The 'unopposed oestrogen hypothesis' for endometrial cancer maintains that risk
      is increased by exposure to endogenous or exogenous oestrogen that is not opposed
      simultaneously by a progestagen, and that this increased risk is due to the
      induced mitotic activity of the endometrial cells. Investigation of the mitotic
      rate during the menstrual cycle shows that increases in plasma oestrogen
      concentration above the relatively low levels of the early follicular phase do
      not produce any further increase in the mitotic rate of endometrial cells. A
      modification of the unopposed oestrogen hypothesis which includes this upper
      limit in the response of endometrial cells to oestrogen is consistent with the
      known dose-effect relationships between endometrial cancer risk and both
      oestrogen replacement therapy and postmenopausal obesity; it also suggests that
      the mechanism by which obesity increases risk in premenopausal women involves
      progesterone deficiency rather than oestrogen excess, and that the protective
      effect of cigarette smoking may be greater in postmenopausal than in
      premenopausal women. Detailed analysis of the age-incidence curve for endometrial
      cancer in the light of this hypothesis suggests that there will be lifelong
      effects of even short duration use of exogenous hormones. In particular, 5 years
      of combination-type oral contraceptive use is likely to reduce a woman's lifetime
      risk of endometrial cancer by some 60%; whereas 5 years of unopposed oestrogen
      replacement therapy is likely to increase her subsequent lifetime risk by at
      least 90%; and even 5 years of 'adequately' opposed therapy is likely to increase
      subsequent lifetime risk by at least 50%.

PMID- 3358912
TI  - Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the cervix: a case-control study.
AB  - To assess risk factors for cervical adenocarcinoma data were collected in a case
      control study of 39 cases and 409 controls conducted in the greater Milan area.
      Questions were asked about personal characteristics and habits, gynaecologic and
      obstetric data, history of lifetime use of oral contraceptives and other female
      hormones, and general indicators of sexual habits (age at first intercourse and
      total number of sexual partners). The relative risk of cervical adenocarcinoma
      increased with number of births and abortions, early age at first birth and early
      age at first intercourse. These estimates did not materially change after
      adjustment for the potential reciprocal confounding effect. Further, there was a
      positive association with overweight, but an apparent association with lower
      education was not significant. No relationship emerged with oral contraceptive
      use. Thus, despite the similarities with the epidemiology of squamous cell
      cancer, reproductive patterns and other factors related to the risk of
      endometrial cancer (i.e., overweight) seem to play an important role in the risk
      of adenocarcinoma of cervix uteri.

PMID- 3358914
TI  - A prospective study of the relationship between serum vitamins A and E and risk
      of breast cancer.
AB  - In an 8 year prospective study (1977-1985) on breast cancer, blood was taken from
      5,086 women resident in Guernsey, and the serum stored at -20 degrees C. During
      this period 30 women developed the disease and their serum samples were analysed
      for vitamins A and E, and for retinol-binding protein (RBP). A further 288 age
      matched control sera (up to 10 per pre-cancer case) were similarly analysed. No
      relationship was found between any of these substances and subsequent development
      of breast cancer. A significant correlation between increasing age and vitamin A
      (r = 0.46, P less than 0.001) and RBP (r = 0.36, P less than 0.001)
      concentrations was observed. There was also a trend for increased blood
      concentrations of vitamin E with age, but this was not significant. Serum RBP and
      vitamin A concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.91, P less than 0.0001).

PMID- 3358915
TI  - The early in utero oestrogen and testosterone environment of blacks and whites:
      potential effects on male offspring.

PMID- 3358916
TI  - Joint winter meeting of the British Association for Cancer Research, the Cancer
      Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. London, December 3-4,
      1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3358918
TI  - Cancer registration.

PMID- 3358917
TI  - Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels in relation to the future risk
      of breast cancer.

PMID- 3358919
TI  - Stress and health.

PMID- 3358920
TI  - A structural model approach toward the development of a theory of the link
      between stress and mental health.
AB  - This study attempts to develop an empirical model of the link between stress and
      mental health, focusing particularly on occupational stress. Three different
      models were assessed-the person-stress model, the dispositional model, and the
      indigenous model--using structural equation modelling. The indigenous model was
      found to be the most predictive of mental health. In this model, personality and
      coping strategies precede and determine the perception of job stressors, which
      ultimately affect the mental well-being of the individual.

PMID- 3358922
TI  - Energy, protein, zinc and copper status of twenty-one elderly inpatients:
      analysed dietary intake and biochemical indices.
AB  - 1. Duplicate diet analysis for energy, protein, zinc and copper with estimates of
      biochemical status for Zn and Cu were undertaken in twenty-one elderly long-stay
      inpatients (mean age 82 (range 63-89) years) consuming their customary hospital
      diet and in a stable medical condition. Fourteen patients had a long-standing and
      significant healing problem, either a leg ulcer or pressure sore. 2. Mean daily
      intakes of energy (5.2 MJ), protein (45 g), Zn (85 mumol) and Cu (14 mumol) were
      low in comparison with both official recommendations and levels of intake at
      which metabolic equilibrium was observed in healthy elderly people studied by the
      same methods (Bunker et al. 1984a). 3. Mean leucocyte Zn (9 pmol/10(6) cells) and
      Cu (7.5 pmol/10(6) cells) were low in comparison with results from healthy
      elderly people (Bunker et al. 1984a), implying suboptimal status for these
      elements. Those patients with healing problems tended to have the lower values
      within the range. 4. Recommendations are made with respect to improving
      nutritional status in this disadvantaged group of people.

PMID- 3358921
TI  - Selenium balance studies in apparently healthy and housebound elderly people
      eating self-selected diets.
AB  - 1. Metabolic balance studies (5 d) for Se were conducted in twenty-four
      apparently healthy elderly people (age 69.6-85.4 years), and twenty housebound
      subjects (age 69.9-85.1 years) with chronic disease. During the study the
      subjects lived in their own homes, ate self-selected diets and continued their
      normal daily activities. 2. Geometric mean daily dietary intakes of the two
      groups were significantly different (P less than 0.01), being 819 (range 310
      1631) nmol for the healthy and 475 (range 233-1136) nmol for the housebound
      elderly. 3. Daily intake of Se significantly correlated with balance in both
      groups. Solution of the regression equations gave theoretical daily requirements
      of 447 nmol for the healthy and 419 nmol for the housebound subjects. The healthy
      elderly were in positive balance of 148 nmol/d for Se and the housebound were in
      equilibrium with an overall mean retention of 43 nmol/d. 4. Mean levels of Se in
      blood fractions for the healthy and housebound subjects were significantly
      different, being 1.65 and 1.40 mumol/l whole blood, 1.45 and 1.21 mumol/l plasma
      and 5.72 and 5.30 nmol/g haemoglobin in erythrocytes respectively. There was no
      difference in the whole-blood glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities
      between the two groups. 5. There were clear differences in Se status between the
      two groups of elderly people. The cause of the positive balance in the healthy
      subjects remains unexplained.

PMID- 3358923
TI  - Stable isotope metabolic studies of zinc nutrition in slum-dwelling lactating
      women in the Amazon valley.
AB  - 1. Zinc metabolism has been studied in a group of undernourished, slum-dwelling,
      lactating women in Manaus, Brazil, by means of modified metabolic balance
      techniques and the stable isotope 67Zn. 2. The subjects were found to be
      consuming a diet which provided an average of 34% of the recommended dietary
      allowance for lactating women, but six of the seven appeared to achieve Zn
      balance. In five of the subjects use of 67Zn in a stable isotope dilution manner
      demonstrated that they were absorbing a high proportion of the dietary Zn
      (proportional absorption ranged from 0.59 to 0.84), suggesting an adaptation to
      the chronically low intake. 3. Two subjects had marginally low plasma Zn
      concentrations, although hair, urine and milk Zn contents were all within
      accepted normal values. 4. Preliminary findings on the rate of plasma Zn turnover
      and the size of the exchangeable body Zn pool obtained using 67Zn suggest that
      these subjects may have a reduction in both.

PMID- 3358924
TI  - Bile acid and cholesterol excretion in human beings given soya-bean- and meat
      protein-based diets: a study in ileostomy subjects.
AB  - 1. The effect of partial replacement of meat protein with three different soya
      bean-protein products on bile acid and cholesterol excretion was studied in seven
      ileostomy subjects. Four different tests diets containing 60 g meat, rice and
      bread protein, or a replacement of 250 g protein/kg total dietary protein by soya
      bean protein from soya-bean flour, soya-bean concentrate or soya-bean isolate,
      were randomly assigned to the subjects in 2-d periods. 2. Ileostomy contents were
      collected at 2-h intervals during the day and in one portion during the night,
      and immediately deep-frozen to avoid bacteriological degradation. Bile acids and
      cholesterol were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography. 3. No difference in
      daily excretion of bile acids and cholesterol was noted between test diets.
      Ileostomy sterol concentrations were lower when soya-bean products were fed. 4.
      Incorporation of moderate amounts of soya-bean products in solid diets does not
      seem to affect short-term sterol balance in man.

PMID- 3358925
TI  - Interaction of dietary carbohydrate and fat in the regulation of hepatic and
      extrahepatic lipogenesis in the rat.
AB  - 1. In order to examine the interaction of dietary fat and carbohydrate in the
      regulation of lipid metabolism, we have studied hepatic and extrahepatic
      lipogenesis, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) in rats fed on
      one of the following diets: a fructose-based diet containing 0 (F0) or 150 g
      maize oil (F15)/kg, or a glucose-based diet containing 0 (G0) or 150 g maize oil
      (G15)/kg. 2. The rats were meal-fed on the diets for 2 weeks after which the
      activities of a number of hepatic 'lipogenic' enzymes were measured and the
      activity of epididymal-fat-pad lipoprotein lipase. The activities of the
      lipogenic enzymes were: F0 greater than G0 greater than G15 greater than F15.
      Lipoprotein lipase activity was F0 = G0 = F15 = G15. The percentage of total body
      fatty acid synthesis which occurred in the liver was F0 greater than G0 greater
      than F15 greater than G15. 3. We conclude that fructose-induced
      hypertriglyceridaemia is primarily a result of the increased hepatic synthesis
      rather than decreased adipose-tissue lipoprotein lipase activity.

PMID- 3358926
TI  - Effect of moderate magnesium deficiency on serum lipids, blood pressure and
      cardiovascular reactivity in normotensive rats.
AB  - 1. Weanling Wistar rats were pair fed for 10 weeks on a purified diet containing
      either normal or suboptimal quantities of magnesium (960 or 80 mg/kg
      respectively). 2. At week 2, hypomagnesaemia was accompanied by
      hypertriglyceridaemia, an increase in plasma cholesterol and a decrease in high
      density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in animals fed on the Mg-deficient diet. At week
      10, the increase in triglycerides observed in Mg-deficient animals was less
      marked while the increase in total cholesterol was more important. 3. During the
      whole experimental period, Mg-deficient animals never showed hypertension. At
      week 2, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in Mg-deficient rats
      than in their respective controls, while heart rate was significantly increased.
      However, hypotension accompanied by tachycardia was a transitory phenomenon which
      appeared only in the early phase of deficiency. 4. Vascular reactivity was
      studied in vagotomized anaesthetized rats after ganglionic blockade with
      pentolinium and atropine sulphate. The reactivity to noradrenaline was
      significantly higher in Mg-deficient rats compared with pair-fed controls after 2
      weeks on the experimental diet.

PMID- 3358927
TI  - The effects of dietary folate and zinc on the outcome of pregnancy and early
      growth in rats.
AB  - 1. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two levels
      of folic acid and two levels of zinc in the diets of rats during pregnancy and
      lactation. It addressed, among other things, the question of whether an
      inhibitory effect of folic (pteroylmonoglutamic) acid on Zn absorption might
      result in a secondary Zn deficiency in either the dams or the pups. 2. A purified
      diet was given to four groups of female DNL (Norwegian) Hooded rats, before and
      during pregnancy and during lactation. It contained the four possible
      combinations of: no added folic acid or 100 micrograms added pteroylmonoglutamic
      acid/g, and 6.6 or 20.2 micrograms Zn/g. Pups and dams were killed on day 20 of
      gestation or on day 20 postpartum. Measurements of body-weights, food intakes,
      blood folate and tissue Zn levels were performed. 3. The group with low Zn and
      low folate intake had a satisfactory reproductive outcome, and there were only
      minor effects of the supplements on body-weights. 4. Additional folate greatly
      increased blood (erythrocyte and plasma) folate levels, but did not compromise
      tissue Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation also enhanced blood folate levels,
      for reasons which are not yet clear. 5. There was a moderate enhancing effect of
      the Zn supplement on Zn levels in the livers and kidneys of pregnant dams, and
      the kidneys of lactating dams. 6. If the conclusions can be extrapolated to
      humans, then the results provide some reassurance that a high folate intake from
      prenatal supplementation need not necessarily cause Zn depletion, and hence
      functional Zn deficiency in pregnant women and their offspring.

PMID- 3358928
TI  - Evidence that adverse effects of zinc deficiency on essential fatty acid
      composition in rats are independent of food intake.
AB  - 1. Young male rats were fed on diets containing 3.4, 36 or 411 mg zinc/kg for 10
      weeks in order to determine whether effects of Zn deficiency on plasma and liver
      essential fatty acid composition could be distinguished from those of reduced
      protein and energy intake. 2. Fatty acid analysis revealed that a Zn intake of
      3.4 mg/kg (plasma Zn 0.80 v. 1.97 mmol/l in controls fed on 36 mg Zn/kg) resulted
      in a significant increase in the linoleic acid:arachidonic acid ratio in both
      plasma and liver phospholipids in comparison with rats fed on 36 or 411 mg Zn/kg.
      3. Zn supplementation (411 mg/kg) decreased the linoleic acid:arachidonic acid
      ratio in plasma phosphatidylserine compared with that of the controls. 4. The
      previously reported increase in arachidonic acid (mol %) in liver triacylglycerol
      of Zn-deficient rats was shown to be a function of a reduced liver
      triacylglycerol pool size; quantitatively, triacylglycerol content of arachidonic
      acid in the liver was not significantly affected by Zn intake.

PMID- 3358929
TI  - Studies of the changes in systemic copper metabolism and excretion produced by
      the intravenous administration of trithiomolybdate in sheep.
AB  - 1. The effects of intravenous trithiomolybdate administration on the fate of 64Cu
      and on stable Cu metabolism were examined in sheep held in metabolism cages and
      fed on a low-Cu diet supplying 2.95 mg Cu/animal per d. 2. In Expt 1 the
      injection of trithiomolybdate, 30 mg molybdenum/sheep per d for 5 d, greatly
      increased plasma Cu levels and more than doubled the faecal Cu excretion. Urinary
      Cu excretion was unaffected. The disappearance from plasma of 64Cu injected
      during the trithiomolybdate administration was slowed although faecal 64Cu
      excretion was increased more than threefold. 3. In Expt 2 trithiomolybdate, 10
      and 30 mg Mo/sheep per d for 3 d, was administered 22 h after the injection of
      64Cu. Radioactivity reappeared immediately in plasma and faecal 64Cu excretion
      was increased. 4. In both experiments the 64Cu and the increased stable Cu in
      plasma were associated with albumin. 5. The experiments explain the effectiveness
      of thiomolybdates as 'decoppering' agents and provide a model for some of the
      systemic effects seen in ruminants exposed to increased dietary Mo. The
      experiments support the view that the thiomolybdates, by causing the appearance
      of new ligands, alter the distribution of Cu in tissues and cause an overall
      depletion.

PMID- 3358930
TI  - Effect of nitrate and its reduction products on the growth and activity of the
      rumen microbial population.
AB  - 1. The nature of the digestion-inhibiting substance in Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum
      clandestinum, Hochst), containing high levels of nitrate, was investigated using
      in vitro digestibility techniques. 2. Nitrite, which accumulated during the
      reduction of nitrate to ammonia, seemed to be the primary factor reducing
      digestibility. Nitrate and ammonia did not affect digestion in vitro. 3. Nitrite
      caused a reduction in the cellulolytic, xylanolytic and total microbial
      population, with a concomitant reduction in cellulase and xylanase activity of
      the digesta. 4. The mode of action of nitrite on rumen microbial growth was
      investigated. 5. The possibility that the growth of cellulolytic rumen microbes
      was depressed by a reduction in concentration of essential branched-chain
      volatile fatty acids by nitrite was discounted. 6. Although nitrite caused a
      marked increase in the redox potential, due to its oxidizing properties, the more
      positive redox potential did not reduce the digestibility of the grass. 7. The
      growth of three of the four major cellulolytic bacteria commonly found in the
      rumen was severely depressed by nitrite, while some rumen bacteria were
      relatively insensitive to nitrite. 8. Growth inhibition seemed to depend
      primarily on the extent to which these microbes derive their energy from electron
      transport-mediated processes. 9. It was suggested that, due to the sensitivity of
      some rumen bacteria to nitrite, digestibility and therefore animal performance
      could be affected long before clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity become
      apparent.

PMID- 3358931
TI  - Leucine degradation in sheep.
AB  - 1. In vitro leucine catabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney and
      liver homogenates was studied in sheep. 2. In Expt 1, Suffolk X Targhee ram lambs
      were slaughtered at 1, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 196, 224 and 365 d of age. In
      Expt 2, 5-month-old crossbred wethers were fed on 80, 120 or 180 g crude protein
      (nitrogen X 6.25)/kg diets for 4 weeks or fed on 120 g crude protein/kg for 4
      weeks and then fasted for 48 or 96 h before slaughter. Leucine catabolism was
      assayed in tissue homogenates for Expts 1 and 2. 3. Leucine deamination (per unit
      protein) was highest in skeletal muscle at day 1 and then declined; liver
      exhibited an activity pattern akin to muscle while kidney activity tended to rise
      over the duration of the study. Adipose tissue in vitro leucine deamination was
      higher at all ages studied and 9- to 50-fold higher than all other tissues at 365
      d. Leucine decarboxylation (per unit protein) was highest at day 1 in muscle and
      declined to low levels (P less than 0.01) after 28 d; liver and kidney
      decarboxylation activities were higher than muscle at all ages with kidney
      showing the highest activity. Whilst adipose had high initial activity it
      declined significantly (P less than 0.01) by day 28 and remained low. 4. Dietary
      protein intake had no effect on leucine deamination in any tissue. Leucine
      decarboxylation tended to increase with protein intake for all tissues except
      kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3358932
TI  - Sequence homologies in the mouse protamine 1 and 2 genes.
AB  - To identify candidates for cis-acting sequences that regulate the stage and cell
      specific expression of the two coordinately regulated protamine genes in the
      mouse, genomic clones were isolated and the nucleotide sequences of the 5'
      flanking regions and coding regions were compared. Unlike most histone genes and
      the multigene family of trout protamine genes which are intronless, each mouse
      protamine gene has a single, short intervening sequence. Although the coding
      regions do not share significant nucleotide homology, the 5' flanking regions
      contain several short homologous sequences that may be involved in gene
      regulation. An additional shared sequence is present in the 3' untranslated
      region surrounding the poly(A) addition signal in both genes.

PMID- 3358934
TI  - Aromatic amino-acids and subunit assembly in the hemoglobins from Scapharca
      inaequivalvis: a fluorescence and CD study of the apoproteins.
AB  - The dimeric and tetrameric hemoglobins from the mollusc Scapharca inaequivalvis
      have a unique assembly that places the heme-carrying E and F helices in the
      inside of the molecule. These helices form the intersubunit contact in the dimer,
      which represents the structural unit since the tetramer is a dimer of dimers. The
      E and F helices are highly conserved and contain about 70% of the phenylalanine
      and tyrosine residues, while the tryptophan residues are near the tetramer
      contact. The spectroscopic properties (circular dichroism and intrinsic
      fluorescence) of the aromatic amino-acid residues in the two globins indicate
      that heme removal brings about a larger conformational change in the tetrameric
      than in the dimeric protein and that the tryptophan residues acquire a more rigid
      conformation in the tetramer.

PMID- 3358933
TI  - Regulation of SP60 mRNA during development of Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - The accumulation of mRNA recognized by oligonucleotides coding for a portion of
      the spore coat protein, SP60, was determined throughout development of
      Dictyostelium discoideum. The 1.8 kb mRNA first appears at the tipped aggregate
      stage and accumulates until culmination. This mRNA is present in pre-spore cells
      but absent from pre-stalk cells. A cDNA clone was selected by the
      oligonucleotides and found to be homologous to this mRNA. Although the
      oligonucleotides were designed to match the sequence coding for a hexapeptide
      repeat at the amino-terminus of SP60, they were able to recognize a similar
      repeated region at the carboxy-terminus of the protein coded by the cDNA clone.
      The SP60 gene appears to be subject to temporal and cell-type-specific
      transcriptional controls that are coordinate with those of SP96, another spore
      coat gene.

PMID- 3358936
TI  - A quasi-elastic neutron-scattering study of the molecular mobility of water
      associated with a protein both in aqueous solution and adjacent to a charged
      surfactant interface.
AB  - The quasi-elastic incoherent neutron-scattering method has been used to
      investigate the mobility of water molecules associated with the protein, alpha
      chymotrypsin, both in aqueous solution and adjacent to a charged surfactant
      interface. The latter was studied by solubilizing the protein as monomer in the
      aqueous cores of small water-in-oil microemulsion droplets (radius 3.5 nm). The
      droplets were stabilised by an interfacial shell of a double-chain surfactant
      (Aerosol-OT). The spectra of the water in both these protein-containing system
      contained a component corresponding to a 7-fold reduction in mobility as compared
      with bulk water. The integrated intensity of this 'immobilised' spectra component
      shows that a maximum of approx. 450 water molecules, corresponding to half
      complete monolayer coverage, are associated with a single protein molecule. This
      value of 450 may contain a contribution from exchangeable hydrogens within the
      protein, but this contribution is estimated to be small. The mobility of the
      remainder of the water is unaffected. The solvation behaviour of the protein is
      similar in bulk water and in the microemulsion water droplets.

PMID- 3358935
TI  - Kinetic regulation of hexokinase activity in a heterogeneous branched bienzyme
      system.
AB  - The kinetic behaviour of a heterogeneous branched bienzyme system of beta-D
      glucose oxidase and hexokinase on glucose has been studied. In this sequence,
      hexokinase is inhibited by its product glucose 6-phosphate and also by D-gluconic
      acid produced from the parallel enzymic reaction of glucose oxidase. Effect of
      glucose concentrations on the product's distribution in branched pathway of the
      bienzyme system is dependent on the kinetic properties of hexokinase and glucose
      oxidase. Product inhibitions, which are also pH dependent, have a strong
      regulatory role on the reaction flux.

PMID- 3358938
TI  - Binding of N-dansylgalactosamine to winged-bean tuber lectin: studies by
      fluorescence quenching titrations.
AB  - The winged-bean tuber lectin binds to N-dansyl(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1
      sulphonic acid)galactosamine, leading to a 12.5-fold increase in dansyl
      fluorescence with a concomitant 25 nm blue-shift in the emission maximum. The
      enhancement of fluorescence intensity was completely reversed by the addition of
      methyl alpha-galactopyranoside. The lectin has two binding sites per molecule for
      this fluorescent sugar and an association constant of 2.59.10(5) M-1 at 25
      degrees C. The binding of N-dansylgalactosamine to the lectin shows that it can
      accommodate a large hydrophobic substituent on the C-2 carbon of D-galactose.
      Studies with other sugars indicate that a hydrophobic substituent with alpha
      conformation at the anomeric position increases the affinity of binding. The C-4
      and C-6 hydroxyl groups are also critical for sugar binding to this lectin.

PMID- 3358937
TI  - Comparison of the effects of bile acids and GSH on the fluorescence of bound 1
      anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and the enzymatic activity of cationic and
      neutral human hepatic GSH S-transferases.
AB  - Three cationic (C1, C2, A1) and a neutral (N1) glutathione (GSH) S-transferase
      were purified to homogeneity from human liver, as we have previously reported.
      GSH had no effect on the fluorescence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS)
      bound by transferase C1 and N1, but markedly enhanced the fluorescence with C2
      and A1 without changing the affinity for ANS. This effect of GSH was saturable
      and with C2 was intermediate between A1 and C1. Bile acids inhibited the
      fluorescence of ANS bound to C1 and C2. GSH in the presence of bile acids further
      decreased the fluorescence of ANS bound to C1 and increased the fluorescence with
      C2. Transferase A1 showed decreased fluorescence in the presence of lithocholic
      acid and increased fluorescence in the presence of cholic acid; both changes were
      reversed by GSH. Transferase N1 showed increased fluorescence of bound ANS in the
      presence of various bile acids and this effect was diminished in the presence of
      GSH. Enzyme activity of the transferase was inhibited by bile acids with the
      exception of transferase A1. All the proteins bound lithocholic acid. The
      inhibition of C1 and N1 was greater at pH 6.5 than 7.4 and the order of addition
      of substrates and inhibitor made no difference.

PMID- 3358939
TI  - ADP-ribosylation of a specific protein from isolated intact bull testis nuclei.
AB  - ADP-ribosylation of a specific basic protein has been investigated in isolated
      intact bull testis nuclei incubated with NAD+. The electrophoretic mobility,
      molecular weight and amino-acid composition of the purified bull testis specific
      protein are similar to those of rat testis protein. About 1-5% of the total
      radioactivity incorporated in the 20% acid-insoluble fraction was associated with
      testis protein and was identified as ADP-ribose.

PMID- 3358940
TI  - Effects of ligand size on pH and organic phosphate-dependent affinity changes in
      carp hemoglobin as measured by isonitrile binding.
AB  - The equilibria of the binding of methyl and ethyl isonitrile to carp hemoglobin
      have been measured at three pH values in the presence and absence of inositol
      hexaphosphate. The binding of methyl isonitrile is characterized by a higher
      overall dissociation constant, C1/2, and a higher Hill coefficient, n, than that
      of the ethyl derivative. The former is consistent with the greater hydrophobicity
      of ethyl isonitrile, and the latter is probably due to a greater intrinsic
      difference or heterogeneity in the binding affinities of the alpha- and beta
      chains for the larger ligand. Changes in log C1/2 which result from alterations
      in pH or addition of organic phosphate are the same for both ligands within
      experimental error. This result is not consistent with affinity changes being the
      result of steric interactions between the protein and the ligand. At pH 6 in the
      presence of inositol hexaphosphate, equilibrium parameters estimated from overall
      rates of ligand binding and dissociation are in good agreement with direct
      equilibrium measurements. This is consistent with the protein being in a low
      affinity, T-like state even when saturated with ligand under these conditions,
      resulting in a loss of cooperativity in ligand binding. At high pH, ligand
      binding remains cooperative, as evidenced by n values greater than unity, a
      general lack of agreement between measured equilibrium parameters and those
      estimated from overall kinetic constants, and differences in the kinetics of
      ligand binding as observed by rapid-mixing and flash photolysis techniques. Thus,
      the deoxygenated state of carp hemoglobin at high pH does not appear to be a good
      model of a deoxygenated R quaternary structural state.

PMID- 3358941
TI  - A nuclear overhauser study of heme orientational isomerism in monomeric
      Chironomus hemoglobins.
AB  - The nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) was used to investigate heme orientation and
      to obtain assignments for all resolved resonances in the 1H-NMR spectrum of met
      cyano Chironomus thummi thummi monomeric hemoglobins III and IV (Hb III and Hb
      IV). The only non-heme resolved resonance was found to be from Phe-38 (CD1), and
      NOE dipolar connectivity between this resonance and the heme 5- and 8-methyls was
      used to establish the absolute orientation of the heme for each heme-insertion
      isomer present. The assignments of resonances and heme disorder permitted
      structural comparisons between the various components, including those due to a
      point mutation in Hb III. Finally, the characteristic differences of NOE patterns
      to amino-acid protons from substituents on heme pyrroles I and II formed the
      basis for assigning resonances and heme orientation relative to native Hb IV for
      deuterohemin-reconstituted Hb IV, for which there are no X-ray data available.

PMID- 3358942
TI  - Stability of lingual lipase in vivo: studies of the iodinated enzyme in the rat
      stomach and duodenum.
AB  - In order to examine the stability of purified lingual lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in vivo
      under fasted and fed conditions, we iodinated rat lingual lipase to a specific
      activity of 5-10 microCi/micrograms protein with 125I-labelled Bolton-Hunter
      reagent. Labelled lingual lipase in either saline or Intralipid was administered
      via an intragastric or intraduodenal cannula. Control labelled lipase
      preparations were incubated at 37 degrees C. Serial aliquots of gastric or
      intestinal contents were aspirated and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by autoradiography, and quantitated by densitometric
      scanning. In all experiments, the amount of lingual lipase in both stomach and
      duodenum was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05 vs. controls) at 15 and 60
      min after administration. In either the presence or absence of Intralipid,
      lingual lipase was more stable in the stomach than in the duodenum (P less than
      0.05). In conclusion, lingual lipase was more stable in the stomach than in the
      duodenum, and lipid emulsion did not appreciably affect the stability of the
      enzyme in either location of the upper digestive tract of the rat.

PMID- 3358943
TI  - Effects of phospholipid composition on the metabolism of triacylglycerol,
      cholesteryl ester and phosphatidylcholine from lipid emulsions injected
      intravenously in rats.
AB  - Lipid emulsions were prepared with a similar size and lipid composition to
      natural lymph chylomicrons, but in which the surface phospholipid was either egg
      phosphatidylcholine, dioleoyl-, dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl- or 1-palmitoyl-2
      oleoylphosphatidylcholine (EYPC, DOPC, DMPC, DPPC or POPC). When injected into
      the bloodstream of conscious rats, the emulsions containing EYPC or POPC were
      metabolized similarly to natural chylomicrons, consistent with rapid lipoprotein
      lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, followed by hepatic uptake of the
      remnants derived from the emulsions. Phospholipids from the injected emulsions
      were removed more slowly and became associated with the high-density lipoprotein
      fractions of the plasma. Emulsions containing DPPC were metabolized differently.
      Triacylglycerols disappeared very slowly from plasma, indicating lack of
      hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase, and phospholipid radioactivity did not transfer
      to high-density lipoprotein. With emulsions containing DMPC, the plasma removal
      rates for emulsion triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters were fast, but
      phospholipid radioactivity failed to transfer to the high-density lipoprotein
      fractions of plasma. With DOPC emulsions, clearances were slower than EYPC or
      POPC emulsions, but transfer to high-density lipoproteins was efficient.
      Therefore, an unsaturated chain at the glycerol 2-position was necessary for
      rapid hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase and for efficient transfer of
      phospholipids to high-density lipoproteins. With an unsaturated chain at the
      glycerol 2-position, a saturated chain at the glycerol 1-position optimized the
      rate of remnant removal from the plasma.

PMID- 3358944
TI  - Lipogenic enzyme induction and incorporation of exogenous fatty acid into liver
      and liver nuclei.
AB  - The incorporation of exogenous fatty acid into lipids of liver and liver nuclei
      of rats fed diets with or without fat was compared. When [3H]palmitic acid was
      injected into rats, more radioactivity was incorporated into triacylglycerols and
      phospholipids of liver and liver nuclei from rats fed the fat-free diet than from
      those fed the fat diet. The results were supported further by an autoradiographic
      study. On the other hand, the enzyme induction and quantity of malic enzyme mRNA
      were decreased by fat feeding. Other lipogenic enzymes were also coordinately
      decreased. Thus, it may be possible that exogenous fatty acid is involved in
      nuclear regulation in addition to cytosolic regulation of lipogenic enzyme
      induction.

PMID- 3358945
TI  - Positive correlation between cytosolic free calcium and surfactant secretion in
      cultured rat alveolar type II cells.
AB  - To determine whether increases in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)
      accompany agonist-stimulated surfactant secretion by cultured alveolar type II
      cells, we measured the [Ca2+]i of quin2-loaded cells isolated from adult rats
      before and after cells were stimulated with ionomycin, terbutaline or
      tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). To determine whether increases in [Ca2+]i are
      necessary for stimulated surfactant secretion to occur, we measured secretion in
      cells after [Ca2+]i had been reduced by loading cells with quin2 in medium
      containing low [Ca2+]. Ionomycin increased [Ca2+]i and stimulated surfactant
      secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Reductions in [Ca2+]i correlated with
      reductions in secretion stimulated by ionomycin, terbutaline or TPA. Ionomycin
      stimulated secretion was most sensitive to reductions in [Ca2+]i; terbutaline
      stimulated secretion was more sensitive than TPA-stimulated secretion. When
      [Ca2+]i was less than 65 nM, all stimulated secretion was blocked. Restoration of
      [Ca2+]i to greater than 100 nM restored ionomycin-stimulated secretion. We
      conclude that ionomycin increases [Ca2+]i and stimulates surfactant secretion in
      cultured alveolar type II cells, and that increased [Ca2+]i appears to be
      necessary for ionomycin-stimulated secretion to occur. Terbutaline-stimulated
      surfactant secretion seems to be more easily inhibited by a reduction in [Ca2+]i
      than does TPA-stimulated secretion.

PMID- 3358946
TI  - Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the hepatic secretion of very-low-density
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Using Triton WR-1339 to inhibit plasma metabolism of VLDL, hepatic secretion of
      VLDL was measured in vivo in control and alcohol-fed rats. The composition of
      VLDL secreted from livers of chronically alcohol-fed rats was compared with pair
      fed controls. The results show that the cholesterol, esterified and
      nonesterified, as well as the triacylglycerol content of VLDL secreted by the
      alcohol-fed rats was significantly reduced; protein and phospholipid constituents
      of the VLDL were unaltered. The apoprotein components of the VLDL showed no
      apparent difference between the two groups. However, fatty-acid composition of
      VLDL triacylglycerol and phospholipids show a significant reduction in 20:4 and
      an increase in 18:2 fatty acids in the alcohol-fed rats. VLDL secretion rates by
      chronic alcohol-fed rats was reduced significantly compared to the control
      animals, and this observation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      alcoholic fatty liver.

PMID- 3358947
TI  - Influence of the acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase inhibitor, CL 277082, on
      cholesteryl ester accumulation in rabbit macrophage-rich granulomas and hepatic
      tissue.
AB  - The influence of the acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor, CL
      277082, on macrophage cholesteryl ester accumulation in a rabbit carrageenan
      granuloma macrophage-foam cell model was studied. Diets were supplemented with
      0.3% cholesterol and 6% peanut oil with or without the inhibitor (0.25%) for 4
      weeks prior to granuloma induction, and macrophage-rich granuloma tissue was
      harvested 14 days after carrageenan injection. Serum cholesterol was monitored
      biweekly, and plasma lipoproteins were isolated terminally. Total, free and
      esterified cholesterol contents were measured in hepatic and granuloma tissue. In
      hepatic tissue, administration of CL 277082 resulted in an 80% reduction in the
      content of total cholesterol, a 37% decrease in free cholesterol, and a 90%
      decrease in esterified cholesterol. Similarly, in macrophage-rich granuloma
      tissue, total cholesterol content was decreased by 44%, and esterified
      cholesterol content by 61%, with no change in free cholesterol. Additionally, CL
      277082 was shown to inhibit granuloma tissue ACAT activity by 45%, VLDL mass was
      decreased slightly, LDL mass increased 3.4-fold and HDL mass was similar in both
      the inhibitor-treated and control animals. CL 277082 resulted in a 57% decrease
      in VLDL cholesteryl ester content and a 4.5-fold increase in triacylglycerol.
      Cholesteryl ester content in LDL was decreased by 31% and LDL triacylglycerol was
      increased 5.2-fold, while the only change in HDL composition was a 3.5-fold
      increase in triacylglycerol. The reductions in both hepatic tissue and macrophage
      rich granuloma tissue esterified cholesterol accumulation are considered to be
      due largely to cellular ACAT inhibition, and the altered distribution and
      composition of the plasma lipoproteins.

PMID- 3358948
TI  - Adenosine and leukotrienes have a regulatory role in lung surfactant secretion in
      the newborn rabbit.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that secretion of phosphatidylcholine in cultured
      adult rat type II pneumocytes is stimulated by purinoceptor agonists and
      leukotrienes. The objective of the present study was to determine if such agents
      have a physiological role in the regulation of surfactant secretion. We chose the
      newborn rabbit as the experimental model, since in this system there is a marked
      increase in surfactant secretion immediately after birth. We examined the effects
      of an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, two
      leukotriene antagonists, FPL-55712 and FPL-57231, and a P1 purinoceptor
      antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, on this increase. Newborn rabbits were
      delivered by Cesarean section at 30 days gestation. Some animals in each litter
      were killed immediately, while others were injected with test agents or solvent
      vehicle while still in the amniotic sacs. After breathing for 3 h in an
      incubator, these animals were also killed. The lungs were lavaged with saline and
      the phospholipid content and composition of the lung lavage liquid was measured.
      In control animals, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in the amounts of
      total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine and in the
      phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin ratio during the 3 h period of breathing. The
      increases in total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine were decreased 38-62% by
      the antagonists, while the increase in the phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin
      ratio was decreased 61-77%. These data show that the ventilation-induced increase
      in secretion of lung surfactant in the newborn rabbit is inhibited by leukotriene
      and P1 receptor antagonists and by an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and,
      when taken together with the data from the tissue culture system, support a role
      for leukotrienes and adenosine in the physiological regulation of surfactant
      secretion.

PMID- 3358949
TI  - Information transmission in non-visual fingertip matching along a horizontal
      track in the median plane.
AB  - Non-visually triggered arm movements over a horizontal table at shoulder height
      were analysed by an Information Theory approach according to a method suggested
      by Sakitt et al. (1983) and Sakitt (1980). The movement track was along the
      subject's median line and was indicated by a vertical metal ridge fixed to the
      table. The observer passively moved the subject's left index finger along the
      left side of the ridge to the target position. The blindfolded subject then had
      to move his right index finger along the right side of the ridge to match the
      left finger position. Direct contact between the two fingers was prevented by the
      ridge. We compared our results, which involve the transmission of information
      through the arm and shoulder joints of both arms, with those of Sakitt et al.
      which involved just one elbow joint. We supplemented our experimental results
      with simulations and show that the value for the transmitted information,
      obtained using the method of analysis suggested by Sakitt et al., is very
      dependent upon the number of trials, and number and spacing of the targets.
      Sakitt et al. suggest that the Information Theory approach permits easy
      comparison between different tasks and different observers. Our results suggest
      that comparisons should be made with caution.

PMID- 3358950
TI  - Self-stabilization of neuronal networks. II. Stability conditions for
      synaptogenesis.
AB  - This study is concerned with synaptic reorganization in local neuronal networks.
      Within networks of 30 neurons, an initial disequilibrium in connectivity has to
      be compensated by reorganization of synapses. Such plasticity is not a
      genetically determined process, but depends on results of neuronal interaction.
      Neurobiological experiments have lead to a model of the behavior of individual
      neurons during neuroplastic reorganization, formalized as a "synaptogenetic rule"
      that governs changes in the amount of synaptic elements on each neuron. When this
      synaptogenetic rule is applied to a system of neurons, there is some freedom left
      to the choice of further conditions. In this study it is examined, which
      assumptions additional to the synaptogenetic rule are essential in order to
      obtain morphogenetic stability. By explicating these assumptions, their
      plausibility can be tested. It is analysed, in which respect these conditions are
      important, in which part of the model they exert their influence, and what kind
      of instability and degeneration happens if the assumptions are violated. Our
      essentials for reaching morphogenetic stability are: (1) A network structure that
      guarantees the possibility of oscillations, (2) a compensation algorithm that
      guarantees a smooth morphogenesis, (3) kinetic parameters that guarantee
      convergence in the synaptic elements' change, and (4) a synaptic modification
      rule that prohibits Hebb-like as well as anti-Hebb-like synaptic changes. It is
      concluded that many structural features of the mammalian cerebral cortex are in
      accordance with the requirements of the model.

PMID- 3358951
TI  - Operational significance of receptive field assemblies.
AB  - The known physiological substrate of the front-end visual system can be
      interpreted in terms of abstract geometrical objects and relations. It is pointed
      out which structures can be interpreted as the implementation of tangent
      quantities, etc., and how the global visual areas can be interpreted as (co
      )vector bundles (of which the fibers are "cortical columns") and similar
      structures. The possible implementations of an affine connection and a gauge
      field for the metric are investigated. This theory not only permits one to
      describe the existing structure in a particularly attractive, modular way, but
      also enables one to predict the type of connections necessary for the embodiment
      of specific visual capabilities, and to find the neural assemblies involved in
      specific visual tasks.

PMID- 3358953
TI  - Perception of left and right by a feed forward net.
AB  - In studying the ability of feed forward networks to perform perceptual tasks, we
      train a network to master a specific task, that of deciding whether a given
      object is to the left or to the right of another object. We discuss in general
      terms such issues as architecture, drilling, generalization, abstraction,
      learning from small examples, and versatility.

PMID- 3358952
TI  - A model of the visual localization of prey by frog and toad.
AB  - In this paper we demonstrate how prey localization can be achieved rapidly and
      accurately by coupling prey-selection and lens-accommodation processes within a
      feedback loop. Information derived from prey selection supplies a setpoint for
      accommodation. In turn, adjustment of the lens modifies the visual input and can
      alter the prey selection process. The natural feedback of this goal-seeking
      system automatically corrects for the problem of ambiguity in binocular matching.
      Although it is of general interest as a depth algorithm, we tie the model to the
      known anatomy, physiology and behavior of frogs and toads. Instead of building a
      global depth-map we propose that the goal of catching a prey leads a frog or toad
      to select a particular region of its visual world for special scrutiny. We
      suggest that the first step of the prey-catching sequence is to adjust the
      accommodative state of the lenses and thus lock the visual apparatus on to a
      stimulus. We identify brain regions that could provide the neural substrates
      necessary to support the model's various functional stages and present
      experiments, with a computer simulation, that compare its functioning to animal
      behavior.

PMID- 3358954
TI  - Is the normal heart a periodic oscillator?
AB  - With the help of several independent methods of nonlinear dynamics, the
      electrocardiograms (ECG) of four normal human hearts are studied qualitatively
      and quantitatively. A total of 36 leads were tested. The power spectrum, the
      autocorrelation function, the phase portrait, the Poincare section, the
      correlation dimension, the Lyapunov exponent and the Kolmogorov entropy all point
      to the fact that the normal heart is not a perfect oscillator. The cardiac
      activity stems from deterministic dynamics of chaotic nature characterized by
      correlation dimensions D2 ranging from 3.6 to 5.2. Two different phase spaces are
      constructed for the evaluation of D2: the introduction of time lags and the
      direct use of space vectors give similar results. It is shown that the
      variabilities in interbeat intervals are not random but exhibit short range
      correlations governed by deterministic laws. These correlations may be related to
      the accelerating and decelerating physiological processes. This new approach to
      the cardiac activity may be used in clinical diagnosis. Also they are valuable
      tools for the evaluation of mathematical models which describe cardiac activity
      in terms of evolution equations.

PMID- 3358955
TI  - A biophysical approach to the spatial function of eye movements, extraocular
      proprioception and the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
AB  - The eyeball and the extraocular muscles are used as a paradigm to design a linear
      spatial model of a single joint with a redundant set of muscles. On the basis of
      this model relations are derived between orientation, torque, motor commands, and
      proprioceptive signals. These relations show that the tenet underlying the
      tensorial interpretation of neural signals in sensorimotor systems does not have
      general validity. A mechanism is proposed to show how proprioception may play a
      role in optimizing the coordination of muscles during spatial tasks. Further, a
      new concept is suggested that allows one to predict the neural connectivities
      mediating the redundant spatial vestibulo-ocular reflex. This concept has the
      advantage of minimizing both sensorial error and motor effort.

PMID- 3358957
TI  - Finding motion parameters from spherical motion fields (or the advantages of
      having eyes in the back of your head).
AB  - A theory is developed for determining the motion of an observer given the motion
      field over a full 360 degree image sphere. The method is based on the fact that
      for an observer translating without rotation, the projected circular motion field
      about any equator can be divided into disjoint semicircles of clockwise and
      counterclockwise flow, and on the observation that the effects of rotation
      decouple around the three equators defining the three principal axes of rotation.
      Since the effect of rotation is geometrical, the three rotational parameters can
      be determined independently by searching, in each case, for a rotational value
      for which the derotated equatorial motion field can be partitioned into 180
      degree arcs of clockwise and counterclockwise flow. The direction of translation
      is also obtained from this analysis. This search is two dimensional in the motion
      parameters, and can be performed relatively efficiently. Because information is
      correlated over large distances, the method can be considered a pattern
      recognition rather than a numerical algorithm. The algorithm is shown to be
      robust and relatively insensitive to noise and to missing data. Both theoretical
      and empirical studies of the error sensitivity are presented. The theoretical
      analysis shows that for white noise of bounded magnitude M, the expected errors
      is at worst linearly proportional to M. Empirical tests demonstrate negligible
      error for perturbations of up to 20% in the input, and errors of less than 20%
      for perturbations of up to 200%.

PMID- 3358956
TI  - Analysis of entrainment of respiratory rhythm by somatic afferent stimulation in
      cats using phase response curves.
AB  - To elucidate how peripheral somatic afferents synchronize the respiratory rhythm
      to the exercise rhythm, the phrenic nerve activity in the vagotomized, paralyzed,
      and artificially ventilated cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane was
      recorded during electrical stimulation of the superficial radial nerve afferents.
      At first, a single pulse train was given at various times of the respiratory
      cycle to obtain a phase-response curve (PRC). The stimulation given at mid to
      late expiration produced a phase advance, but the stimulation during inspiration
      produced no measurable phase shifts in most animals (8/10). The maximum phase
      advance changed depending on the stimulus intensity. The stronger the stimulus
      intensity, the greater became the maximum phase advance. Repetitive somatic
      afferent stimulation produced 1:1 entrainment of the respiratory frequency to the
      repetitive stimulation. Theoretical predictions on the stable entrainment phase
      and on the entrainment frequency range from the obtained PRC were close to the
      experimental results. The present study demonstrated the presence of a neuronal
      circuit synchronizing the respiratory rhythm to the periodic somatic afferents
      and the manner of how such entrainment occurs.

PMID- 3358958
TI  - The construction of a simultaneous functional order in nervous systems. IV. The
      influence of physical constraints on the resulting functional order.
AB  - The signal activity in a neural net will be constrained both by its physical
      structure and by environmental constraints. By monitoring its signal activity a
      neural system can build up a simultaneous functional order that encodes these
      constraints. We have previously (Part I) presented two models that construct a
      simultaneous functional order in a collection of neural elements using either
      signal-covariances or signal-coincides. In this paper we present the results of
      simulation experiments that were performed to study the influence of the physical
      constraints of a neural system on the simultaneous functional order produced by
      both models. In the simulation experiments we used a one-dimensional detector
      array. We delineate the physical constraints such an array has to satisfy in
      order to induce a functional order relation that allows an isomorphism with a
      geometrical order. We show that for an appropriate choice of the system
      parameters both models can produce a simultaneous functional order with
      sufficient internal coherence to allow isomorphisms with a triangulation. In this
      case the dimensionality and the coherence of the detector array are objectively
      available to the system itself.

PMID- 3358959
TI  - [Enzymatic systems of insecticide detoxication in a population of Colorado
      beetles resistant to permethrin].
AB  - The activity of enzymes providing for permetrin detoxication in the imago
      resistant natural population of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa
      decemlineata was studied with the view of elucidating the biochemical mechanisms
      of resistance to the insecticide. It was demonstrated that the activity of the
      main enzymes of insect detoxication, i.e., microsomal monooxygenases, nonspecific
      esterases and glutathione-S-transferases in the permetrin-resistant population of
      L-decemlineata is enhanced as compared with the permetrin-sensitive population.
      It was demonstrated that the inhibitors of microsomal monooxygenases, piperonyl
      butoxide, and of nonspecific esterases, butifos, significantly increase the
      sensitivity of the resistant population to permetrin. The experimental results
      suggest that the activity of microsomal monooxygenases and nonspecific esterases
      is the main factor which determines the resistance of the Colorado potato beetle
      to permetrin.

PMID- 3358960
TI  - [Self-inactivation of NADH-oxidase from Mycoplasma cells during reaction].
AB  - The feasibility of self-inactivation of NADH-oxidase by plasma membranes of
      Acholeplasma laidlawii cells was investigated. It was demonstrated that the rate
      of NADH oxidation in a flow reactor upon stirring diminishes with time. This
      decrease of the reaction rate is not coupled with the presence in the reaction
      mixture of the reaction products--NAD+ and H2O2, and is irreversible. In the
      absence of NADH the enzyme activity is unaffected. The data obtained suggest that
      NADH-oxidase is inactivated in the course of the catalytic reaction. Under the
      stipulation that the enzyme obtained from plasma membranes of aged (60 hrs of
      inoculation) cells has identical values of Km and ki but lower values as compared
      to young cells (24 hrs of inoculation) of Vmax and v0, it is concluded that the
      decrease of the NADH-oxidase activity upon ageing of cultures is due to the
      decrease in the amount of active molecules of AND-oxidase in mycoplasm cell
      plasma membranes.

PMID- 3358961
TI  - [Isolation and comparative analysis of multiple isoenzymes of glutathione-S
      transferase from the liver of intact rats and rats administered phenobarbital, 3
      methylcholanthrene and butylhydroxytoluene].
AB  - Seven glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes were purified from liver cytosol
      of intact male Wistar rats: 1-1(A), 1-1(B), 1-2, 2-2, 3-3, 3-4, 4-4. Treatment of
      rats with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) led to the induction of isozymes GST 1
      1(A), 1-1(B) (2-fold), 3-3 (3.5-fold) as well as to the appearance of two new
      isozymes--1-3 and 4-4(A). Phenobarbital (PB) induced isozymes GST 1-1(A), 1-1(B)
      (2-fold) and 3-3 (1.5-fold). BHT and PB caused an increase in the specific
      activity of isozymes 1-1(A), 1-1(B), 3-3, 3-4 towards 1-chloro-2.4-dinitrobenzene
      and 1.2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene. 3-Methylcholanthrene (MC) induced isozymes 1-2
      (1.5-fold), 2-2 (2-fold) and 4-4 (3-fold). A conclusion was drawn that BHT and PB
      induced the GST subunits 1 and 3, whereas MC--subunits 2 and 4.

PMID- 3358962
TI  - [Isolation and properties of genetic engineered human leukocyte interferons
      alphaI1 and alphaN].
AB  - Using controlled pore glass chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography on
      monoclonal antibodies NK-2 immobilized on Sepharose 4B, the electrophoretically
      homogeneous interferons alpha N and alpha I1 were isolated from the biomass of
      gene-engineered Pseudomonas sp. strains. In terms of specific activity on human
      fibroblast diploid cells, interferon alpha I1 does not differ from interferon
      alpha A, whereas the specific antiviral activity of interferon alpha N is as low
      as 2.10(7) JU/mg. The procedures for immunometric assay of interferons alpha N
      and alpha I1 have been elaborated. Various monoclonal antibodies to interferon
      alpha A and to natural leucocyte interferon were analyzed; among those the
      antibodies specifically interacting with interferons alpha N and alpha I1 (but
      not with interferon alpha A) were identified.

PMID- 3358963
TI  - [Isolation and detection of antibodies against nucleotide sequences. A study with
      oligonucleotide pApCpApC].
AB  - New methods for preparation and detection of antibodies to nucleotide sequences
      were developed. An efficient method for conjugation of oligonucleotides to
      proteins based on the activation of 5'-terminal oligonucleotide phosphate with
      dimethylaminopyridine was employed. Oligonucleotide pApCpApC was conjugated to
      bovine serum albumin with a 90% yield. Rabbit antibodies to the oligonucleotide
      were raised and characterized in terms of their specificity to nucleotide
      sequences. Affinity labeling with alkylating oligonucleotide derivatives was
      proposed as a method for detecting low affinity antibodies to nucleic acids.

PMID- 3358964
TI  - [Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. Characteristics of isolated aminopyrine-N
      demethylase (cytochrome P-450AP)].
AB  - A previously unidentified cytochrome P-450AP possessing the highest aminopyrine-N
      demethylase activity has been isolated from liver microsomes of 4
      isopropylaminoantipyrine-induced rats, using affinity chromatography in
      combination with ion-exchange chromatography with subsequent separation on
      hydroxyl apatite. Using radioisotope techniques, it was found that 4
      isopropylaminoantipyrine induces cytochrome P-450AP synthesis de novo. The
      isolated cytochrome P-450AP has the following characteristics: Mr = 49,000 Da. CO
      peak maximum at 450.5 mm, rate of aminopyrine demethylation in a reconstituted
      system-20 nmol HCHO/min/nmol of cytochrome P-450, benzphetamine-15. The
      hemoprotein synthesis is paralleled with the synthesis of a protein with Mr of
      51,000 Da. Immunochemical analysis permitted to identify the latter protein as
      cytochrome P-450b. It was demonstrated that cytochrome P-450AP does not interact
      with the antibodies to the major phenobarbital-induced form, i.e., with
      cytochrome P-450b.

PMID- 3358965
TI  - [Phosphorylation of troponin in the heart and skeletal muscle by Ca2+
      phospholipid-dependent protein kinase].
AB  - The phosphorylation of the whole troponin complex and of the cardiac and skeletal
      troponin components by Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase was studied.
      The activity of enzyme isolated from rat brain by ion-exchange chromatography on
      DEAE-Sephadex and by affinity chromatography on phosphatidylserine immobilized on
      polyacrylamide gel was shown to be completely dependent on Ca2+ and phospholipids
      and was equal to 0.4-0.6 mumol of phosphate/min.mg protein with histone H1 as
      substrate. The resulting preparation of Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein
      kinase was able to phosphorylate the isolated troponin I; the amount of phosphate
      transferred per mol of cardiac and skeletal troponin I was equal to 1.1 and 0.4,
      respectively. The maximal degree of phosphorylation of isolated troponin T by
      Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase was 0.6 mol of phosphate per mol of
      troponin T both for skeletal and cardiac proteins. The rate and degree of
      phosphorylation were independent of the initial level of troponin T
      phosphorylation. Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase did not phosphorylate
      the first serine residue of troponin T, i.e., the site which was phosphorylated
      in the highest degree after isolation of troponin T from skeletal muscles. The
      data obtained and the fact that the rate and degree of phosphorylation of
      troponins I and T within the whole troponin complex are 10-20 times less than
      those for isolated components provide little evidence for the participation of
      protein kinase C in troponin phosphorylation in vivo.

PMID- 3358966
TI  - [Kinetic model of the functioning of pyruvate kinase from bovine adrenal cortex].
AB  - The dependence of pyruvate kinase reaction rate on the concentration of one of
      the ligands--ADP or MgCl2--at constant concentrations of the other ligand was
      studied. The enzyme activity vs ligand concentration curves have fairly
      symmetrical peaks which correspond to the range of approximately equal ligand
      concentrations. The S-shaped dependence is observed only over the range of
      concentrations close to the dissociation constant for the Mg-ADP- complex (0.7
      mM) under the given experimental conditions. The data obtained are consistent
      with the results of the first model kinetics within the framework of the London
      Steck theory. The substrate for pyruvate kinase is the Mg-ADP- complex, while
      free Mg2+ and ADP3- competitively inhibit the enzyme. The inhibition constants
      are equal to 44 and 1 mM, respectively. The inhibiting effects of the metal and
      dinucleotide may be due to the competition with the substrate for the enzyme
      active site. Taking into consideration the fact that the binding of one of the
      ligands to the enzyme depends on the presence of the other ligand, a conclusion
      is drawn that Mg2+ forms a bridge with ADP3- and pyruvate kinase from adrenal
      cortex.

PMID- 3358967
TI  - [Determination of the partial specific volume of cytochrome P450 LM2].
AB  - The partial specific volume (v) of highly purified membrane protein cytochrome
      P450 LM2 monooxygenase from rabbit liver endoplasmatic reticulum has been
      estimated by various independent methods. The values of v obtained through our
      experiments are practically equal to the value calculated from the amino acid
      composition of the protein (0.75 cm3/g).

PMID- 3358969
TI  - [Parameters of the chemical composition of Black Sea mussels from inlets with
      various degrees of pollution].
AB  - The results of study of content of hydrocarbons, lipids, protein, carbohydrate
      and glycogen in mollusks from regions of different pollution are given.

PMID- 3358968
TI  - [Reaction of the carp Cyprinus carpio L. at different periods of its ontogeny to
      the action of organophosphorus compounds].
AB  - Effect of some organic phosphorous compounds on the carp Cyprinus carpio L. in
      consecutive stages of its development has been studied. The least and most
      vulnerable stages in carp's development under the action of these compounds have
      been identified. The gravity of disorders in fish organism on early stages and
      the degree of pathological changes induced by organic phosphorous compounds have
      been shown. Embryotoxic and gonadotoxic effect of these compounds has been found.

PMID- 3358970
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the toxicity of aqueous extracts of the ashes of brown
      coals].
AB  - The toxicity of industrial waste--the ashes of brown coals in connection with the
      possibility of their utilization in agriculture has been studied. It has been
      proved that ash water extracts which give low pH values are practically nontoxic
      for test objects. Ash extracts rich in calcium and magnesium oxides provide high
      pH values and has a negative effect on hydrobionts. The neutralization removes
      the acute toxic effect.

PMID- 3358971
TI  - [Effect of biologically active substances on lymphocyte energetics studied by
      using a simple luminometer-ATP meter].
AB  - A method of lymphocyte energetics investigation according to the ATP
      concentration in cell suspension has been described. A simple easily reproducible
      luminometer was applied for ATP measurement by luminescence of
      luciferin/luciferase system. The conditions of cell incubation were found when
      the changes in mitochondrial metabolic state reflected on ATP concentration. For
      all this rotenone (5 nM) decreases the ATP concentration heavily than inhibits
      the rate of oxygen consumption. Ecto-ATPases hydrolyze quickly the low
      concentrations of exogenous ATP. The examples given show the possibilities of
      this method for studying the effect of biologically active substances on cell
      energetics.

PMID- 3358972
TI  - [Characteristics of the neuronal reaction of the substantia nigra to nociceptive
      stimulation].
AB  - The nature of neurone response of substance nigra (SN) to nociceptive stimulation
      of the cat's peroneal nerve has been studied. The recording of neurone SN firing
      rate revealed that the majority (71.0%) of the SN neurones responded to the
      nociceptive repetitive stimulation of the peroneal nerve. But the thresholds of
      nociceptive activation in SN neurones turned to be very high. As a result of it
      the number of SN neurones responding to repetitive peroneal stimulation was twice
      as many as the number of cells responding to single stimulation of the nerve. The
      intravenous injection of naloxone in dose 1.0 mg/kg changed both excitatory and
      inhibitory responses in majority (71.4%) of SN neurones responding to repetitive
      peroneal stimulation. Naloxone did not modify the firing rate of neurones
      nonresponsive to nociception.

PMID- 3358973
TI  - [Effect of the microiontophoretic feed of acetylcholine and noradrenaline on the
      neuronal reactivity of the motor cortex to specific stimuli].
AB  - In the forelimb area of the motor cortex after microiontophoretic injection of
      acetylcholine a group of nervous cells revealed more rapid, more stable and more
      effective reactions to afferent stimuli. The interrelation of impulsive activity
      of some of these neurons and electromyographic activity of forelimb muscles has
      given a possibility to propose that acetylcholine mobilizes the motor cortex for
      motor function regulations. The only result of noradrenaline application to motor
      cortex neurons was the prolongation of their responses to specific afferent
      stimulation.

PMID- 3358974
TI  - [Development of a synthetic medium for the growth of the mycophilous fungus
      Hypomyces rosellus 94/77 and its synthesis of an antibiotic and a pigment].
AB  - Using the method of mathematical design of an experiment the synthetic medium
      ensuring the growth of the mycophilous fungus Hypomyces rosellus 94/77 and its
      production of antibiotic and pigment has been worked out.

PMID- 3358975
TI  - Quantitation of specific parameters of motility in large numbers of human sperm
      by digital image processing.
AB  - The CellSoft computer-assisted digital image analysis system was validated for
      quantitating specific motility parameters in large numbers of human sperm.
      Motility patterns ranging from linear head trajectories (Type 1) to nonlinear,
      asymmetric patterns with overlapping trajectory (Type 5) were subjectively
      identified in semen and washed samples prepared for in vitro fertilization. A
      representative of each type was used for optimizing the digital imaging set-up
      parameters, tracking rate, and frequency. Each cell type was also characterized
      according to the following motility parameters: curvilinear velocity (Vcl),
      straight line velocity (Vsl), linearity of forward progression (Lin), maximum and
      mean lateral head amplitude (maxLHA; mean LHA), and beat cross frequency (BCF).
      Comparison of all parameters that could be determined both digitally and manually
      (Vcl, Vsl, Lin, and BCF) indicated no differences (p greater than 0.05) in Vcl,
      Lin, or BCF and only slight differences (5-6%) in Vsl measurements. After
      validation of the digital imaging technique, populations of seminal and washed
      cells were studied. Replicate analysis of the same sample demonstrated no
      significant intraassay variability. A comparison of semen and washed cells from
      10 different donors indicated that all of the motility parameters, with the
      exception of Lin, were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in washed cells.
      It was concluded that the digital imaging system can adequately and rapidly
      quantitate a large number of cells with heterogeneous motility patterns. This
      technique may prove to be useful in defining motility characteristics associated
      with capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and fertility of human sperm.

PMID- 3358976
TI  - Distribution of embryos and 500-microM microspheres in the rabbit oviduct:
      controls for acute motion analysis during transport.
AB  - Distributions of embryos and 500-micron diameter microspheres were measured in
      the cleared oviducts of 32 rabbits at 8 intervals post coitus (pc) and normalized
      to percentage of isthmic length. By 18 h pc, 46% of the embryos had entered the
      isthmus and were denuded of the cumulus, while 55% of the microspheres had
      entered the isthmus. By 24 h pc, all embryos and microspheres were in the
      isthmus. At 72, 78, and 84 h pc, 6.5, 37, and 93% of embryos and 21, 73, and 95%
      of microspheres were in the cornu, respectively. The mean positions of embryos
      and microspheres progressed at approximately 1% of isthmic length per hour
      between 24 and 72 h pc. Throughout isthmic transport, embryos and microspheres in
      individual oviducts were tightly grouped and had similar statistical
      distributions. Although microspheres began to transfer into the uterine horns
      earlier than embryos, the data suggest that 500-micron microspheres can be used
      in studies to quantify discrete movements within the oviduct prior to 72 h pc.
      The data further suggest that opposing forces may be generated by contractile
      events that keep embryos grouped and possibly control their rate of progress
      through the oviduct.

PMID- 3358977
TI  - The chromosomal normality of in vitro-fertilized rabbit oocytes.
AB  - The chromosomal normality of rabbit oocytes fertilized in vitro was examined.
      Ovum donors were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Follicular oocytes were collected laparoscopically
      9-10 h after hCG treatment and incubated in vitro with spermatozoa capacitated in
      vivo. Of 267 aspirated oocytes, 191 (71.4%) were fertilized in vitro and
      developed to the 2- to 8-cell stage 24-48 h after insemination. In the
      chromosomal studies, 121 (63.4%) were examined. Of these, 94 (77.7%) had a normal
      diploid complement of chromosomes (2n = 44) and 6 (5%) showed aneuploidy. Of the
      remaining 21, 20 were triploid and one was tetraploid. The incidence of triploid
      oocytes after in vitro fertilization was higher than the rate in vivo (16.5% vs.
      9.0%, respectively). These triploid oocytes were suspected to be the result of
      polyspermic fertilization in vitro. In addition, at the Metaphase II stage, 62
      (89.9%) of 69 induced, preovulatory oocytes had a normal number of chromosomes.

PMID- 3358978
TI  - Gonadotropins increase concentrations of immunoreactive insulin-like growth
      factor-I in porcine follicular fluid in vivo.
AB  - To evaluate the regulation of ovarian insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during
      follicular growth in vivo, we measured the concentration of this peptide in
      follicular fluid (FFL) of immature gilts during the induction of follicular
      development by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic
      gonadotropin (hCG). FFL concentrations of immunoreactive (i) IGF-I were compared
      with those of intrafollicular steroids and with concentrations of iIGF-I,
      estradiol (E2), and porcine growth hormone (GH) in serum. PMSG, administered at
      Time 0, induced a significant (p less than 0.01), time-dependent increase in
      intrafollicular iIGF-I that peaked 72 h after administration of the hormone,
      before the administration of hCG. During the first 72 h, the changes in ovarian
      iIGF-I paralleled those for progesterone and E2. After the administration of hCG
      at 72 h, FFL levels of E2 fell, those of iIGF-I remained constant, and
      progesterone rose. Serum E2 concentrations paralleled those in FFL. Since serum
      GH and IGF-I levels rise during spontaneous puberty in some species, these levels
      were also monitored. However, a significant treatment effect on serum GH and iIGF
      I was not demonstrated. In summary, ovarian concentrations of iIGF-I are
      increased by gonadotropic hormones in vivo. The absence of concomitant changes in
      circulating levels of iIGF-I and GH suggests that the gonadotropin effects are
      exerted directly on the ovary. These results, together with more abundant data
      regarding secretion and action of IGF-I in cultured granulosa cells, suggest that
      IGF-I may function in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to amplify the actions of
      gonadotropins at an ovarian level.

PMID- 3358979
TI  - Ovarian function in the elephant: luteinizing hormone and progesterone cycles in
      African and Asian elephants.
AB  - Serum samples were collected weekly for 3 yr from two female African elephants,
      for 18 mo from two other female African elephants, and for 2 yr from two female
      Asian elephants. Animals were not sedated at the time of blood collection.
      Ovarian cycles, characterized by changes in progesterone and immunoreactive
      luteinizing hormone (ILH) concentrations, averaged 15.9 +/- 0.6 wk (N = 25) for
      African females and 14.7 +/- 0.5 wk for Asian females (N = 10). The length of the
      active luteal phase averaged 10.0 +/- 0.3 wk for African elephants (range 8-14
      wk) and 10.6 +/- 0.6 wk for Asian females (range 9-13 wk). Interluteal phases
      were 5.9 +/- 0.6 wk for African females and 4.2 +/- 0.5 wk for Asian females. One
      African female (Maliaca) had two extended interluteal phases, both occurring
      between the months of February and May. Excluding these two periods, there were
      no differences in the length of the ovarian cycle or the length of the luteal
      phase between species of elephant. Serum progesterone in both species ranged from
      less than 50 pg/ml to 933 pg/ml. Average progesterone concentrations during the
      luteal phase were significantly lower in African elephants compared with Asian
      elephants (328 +/- 13, N = 30 cycles vs. 456 +/- 23, N = 14 cycles; p less than
      0.001). ILH ranged from nondetectable to 11.6 ng/ml. These data suggest that the
      length of the ovarian cycle in the African elephant is about 16 wk and confirm
      that the length of the ovarian cycle in the Asian elephant is about 15 wk.

PMID- 3358980
TI  - Morphological changes in the testis and epididymis of rats treated with
      cyclophosphamide: a quantitative approach.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide is a widely used anticancer and immunosuppressive drug that
      affects fertility in men. In a previous study, we found that chronic, daily
      treatment of male rats with low doses of cyclophosphamide had no apparent effect
      on the pituitary-gonadal axis, whereas it had time- and dose-dependent effects on
      male reproductive organ weights, the hematologic system, and on pregnancy
      outcome. To determine whether cyclophosphamide induces morphological changes
      within the male reproductive system, a detailed qualitative and quantitative
      evaluation of changes in the histology of the testis and epididymis was
      undertaken. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavage-fed for 1, 3, 6, and 9 wk
      with saline (control), 5.1 (low dose) or 6.8 (high dose) mg/kg/day of
      cyclophosphamide; the testes and epididymides were prepared for light and
      electron microscopy. At the light microscopic level, the orderly process of
      spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules was not affected at any time point
      with either dose of the drug. A number of time-dependent drug-induced changes in
      the histology of the epididymis, however, were apparent: 1) an increase in the
      relative number and a change in the distribution of halo cells in the caput
      epididymidis, 2) an increase in the number and size of clear cells in the caput
      and/or cauda epididymidis, and 3) an increase in the size of clear cells in both
      the caput and cauda epididymides; these changes were time dependent. At the
      electron microscopic level, there was a dose-dependent, two- to threefold
      increase in the number of spermatozoa with abnormal flagellar midpieces in the
      lumen of both the caput and cauda epididymides. Although the 9 plus 2 axonemal
      complex and the 9 outer dense fibers were present and appeared normal, the close
      approximation of these two structures was lost in these abnormal spermatozoa.
      Such abnormal flagellar midpieces were also found in the testes of control and
      treated rats. Electron microscopic examination of the testis revealed that both
      Sertoli and Leydig cells were normal in appearance. The type and timing of the
      effects of cyclophosphamide on the histology of the testis and epididymis suggest
      that the drug could be affecting germ cells by 1) inducing changes in the
      developing spermatozoa in the testis, some of which are seen microscopically in
      the epididymal lumen, and/or 2) affecting epididymal morphology and function.

PMID- 3358981
TI  - Immunopurified anti-mullerian hormone does not inhibit spontaneous resumption of
      meiosis in vitro of rat oocytes.
AB  - The ability of immunopurified, biologically potent anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
      to inhibit the spontaneous resumption of meiosis of rat oocytes was tested in
      vitro. Two different batches of AMH in the range of 0.75-9.0 micrograms/protein
      did not suppress the spontaneous resumption of meiosis. Neither did AMH (6
      micrograms/ml) induce meiotic resumption of follicle-enclosed oocytes in culture.
      It is concluded, therefore, that AMH has no oocyte meiosis-inhibiting activity.

PMID- 3358982
TI  - Characterization and hormonal regulation of protein synthesis by the murine
      epididymis.
AB  - Protein synthesis and secretion were examined in vitro by incubating minced
      tissue with [35S]methionine. The incorporation of label into tissue plus medium
      was linear for the 5 h of incubation. The percentage of available label
      incorporated into protein increased with the weight of tissue used. Approximately
      13% of the label incorporated appeared in the medium after 5 h of incubation.
      Release of radioactive protein into the medium was characterized by an initial
      slow release (1-2 h) followed by a more rapid linear release between 3 and 5 h.
      Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the pattern of radioactive
      proteins present in the medium was different from and less complex than the
      tissue proteins. Substantial differences in protein patterns from different
      epididymal regions could be detected. The caput epididymidis was particularly
      active in secreting proteins characteristic of this region, whereas the corpus
      and cauda synthesized and secreted similar proteins. At least one of these
      proteins characteristic of the caput is stabilized by disulphide bonds. Short
      term (9 day) castration resulted in reduced synthesis and secretion of several of
      these epididymal proteins. Testosterone administered after 9 days of castration
      reinitiated synthesis of some but not all of these epididymal proteins.

PMID- 3358983
TI  - Epididymal protein synthesis and secretion in strains of mice bearing single gene
      mutations which affect fertility.
AB  - Mice bearing gene mutations that, among other effects, render the males infertile
      were examined. Serum testosterone was within the normal range (0.8-1.8 ng/ml),
      and sperm numbers in the testis and epididymis were not different between mutant
      animals and coisogenic wild types. All mutants, except mocha and achondroplasia,
      displayed normal mating behavior. However, in all genotypes, fewer fertilized
      eggs were recovered from females mated by mutants. In vitro fertilization tests
      showed that all mutants--except bouncy--fertilized similar numbers of eggs to
      wild types. Spermatozoa from bouncy mutants also bound to eggs in lower numbers.
      These findings indicate that spermatozoa from the bouncy mutant have a severe
      defect in sperm-zona interaction. When bouncy spermatozoa were tested for sperm
      vitelline membrane interaction at a low (10:1) sperm to egg ratio, they
      penetrated fewer zona-free hamster eggs. Epididymal protein synthesis and
      secretion were comparable between wild-type animals from all genotypes. However,
      while the regional pattern of protein synthesis was comparable among all mutants,
      the absolute rate of protein synthesis (cpm per mg tissue) was lower in some
      cases. Nevertheless, the proportion of the proteins synthesized that appeared in
      the medium remained constant. When the regional profile of proteins secreted by
      mutants was compared to that of their coisogenic wild types, three types of
      differences were noted: (1) changes in the abundance of a protein, (2) changes in
      the region of the epididymis from which a protein was secreted, or (3) the
      absence of a protein.

PMID- 3358984
TI  - [A high-resolution and inexpensive ECG mapping system for clinical use].

PMID- 3358985
TI  - Tests and confidence sets for comparing two mean residual life functions.
AB  - The mean residual life function of a population gives an intuitive and
      interesting perspective on the aging process. Here we present new nonparametric
      methods for comparing mean residual life functions based on two independent
      samples. These methods have the flexibility to handle crossings of the functions
      and result in a new type of confidence set. We also discuss similar methods for
      comparison of median residual life functions.

PMID- 3358986
TI  - Models for the statistical analysis of infectious disease data.
AB  - The Longini-Koopman model (1982, Biometrics 38, 115-126) describes the process
      underlying the transmission of an infectious disease in terms of household and
      community level transmission probabilities. This model is generalized by allowing
      for different transmission probabilities that may correspond to various levels of
      risk factors on both the household and community levels. Two types of models are
      considered: (i) models for household data, where the numbers of susceptible and
      infected members in each household are known along with the values of household
      level risk factors; and (ii) models for individual data, where the infection
      status and risk factor level are known for each individual in the household.
      Although the type (i) models can be expressed as special cases of the type (ii)
      models, they deserve special attention as they can be represented and analyzed as
      log-linear models. Both types of models can be analyzed using maximum likelihood
      methods, while the type (i) models, when expressed as log-linear models, can also
      be analyzed by the weighted least squares method. Data from influenza epidemics
      in Tecumseh, Michigan and Seattle, Washington are used to illustrate these
      methods.

PMID- 3358987
TI  - Locally most powerful tests for detecting treatment effects when only a subset of
      patients can be expected to "respond" to treatment.
AB  - Two two-parameter models are developed for testing the hypothesis of no treatment
      effect against the alternative that a subset of the treated patients will show an
      improvement. To keep the range of measurements the same for treated and control
      patients, Lehmann alternatives are used in both models. Locally most powerful
      rank tests are developed for each model and each parameter. The asymptotic
      relative efficiency leads to a test that uses the scores s(i) = [i/(N + 1)]4. Two
      examples that support the usefulness of this nonparametric test are presented.

PMID- 3358989
TI  - Using the maximum test statistic in the two-period crossover clinical trial.
AB  - In a two-period crossover trial where residual carryover is suspected, it is
      often advised that first-period data only be used in an analysis appropriate for
      a parallel design. However, it has been shown (Willan and Pater, 1986, Biometrics
      42, 593-599) that the crossover analysis is more powerful than the parallel
      analysis if the residual carryover, expressed as a proportion of treatment
      effect, is less than 2- square root of 2(1 - rho), where rho is the intrasubject
      correlation coefficient. Choosing between the analyses based on the empirical
      evaluation of this condition is equivalent to choosing the analysis with the
      larger corresponding test statistic. Approximate nominal significance levels are
      presented that maintain the desired level when basing the analysis on the maximum
      test statistic. Furthermore, the power and precision of the analysis based on the
      maximum test statistic are compared to the crossover and parallel analyses.

PMID- 3358988
TI  - Mixed Poisson likelihood regression models for longitudinal interval count data.
AB  - In many longitudinal studies it is desired to estimate and test the rate over
      time of a particular recurrent event. Often only the event counts corresponding
      to the elapsed time intervals between each subject's successive observation
      times, and baseline covariate data, are available. The intervals may vary
      substantially in length and number between subjects, so that the corresponding
      vectors of counts are not directly comparable. A family of Poisson likelihood
      regression models incorporating a mixed random multiplicative component in the
      rate function of each subject is proposed for this longitudinal data structure. A
      related empirical Bayes estimate of random-effect parameters is also described.
      These methods are illustrated by an analysis of dyspepsia data from the National
      Cooperative Gallstone Study.

PMID- 3358990
TI  - One-sided sequential stopping boundaries for clinical trials: a decision
      theoretic approach.
AB  - We address one-sided stopping rules for clinical trials, or more generally, drug
      development programs, from a decision-theoretic point of view. If efficacy
      results are sufficiently negative then the trial will be stopped. But regardless
      of how positive the efficacy results are, the trial will continue in order to
      demonstrate safety. We show how sequential decisions should be made by a
      pharmaceutical company attempting to maximize its expected profits.

PMID- 3358991
TI  - Sample sizes based on the log-rank statistic in complex clinical trials.
AB  - The log-rank test is frequently used to compare survival curves. While sample
      size estimation for comparison of binomial proportions has been adapted to
      typical clinical trial conditions such as noncompliance, lag time, and staggered
      entry, the estimation of sample size when the log-rank statistic is to be used
      has not been generalized to these types of clinical trial conditions. This paper
      presents a method of estimating sample sizes for the comparison of survival
      curves by the log-rank statistic in the presence of unrestricted rates of
      noncompliance, lag time, and so forth. The method applies to stratified trials in
      which the above conditions may vary across the different strata, and does not
      assume proportional hazards. Power and duration, as well as sample sizes, can be
      estimated. The method also produces estimates for binomial proportions and the
      Tarone-Ware class of statistics.

PMID- 3358992
TI  - Paired Bernoulli trials.
AB  - Paired Bernoulli trials occur whenever an investigator records the presence of a
      particular characteristic at two sites on the same individual. While a study
      involving n subjects does not provide 2n independent pieces of information,
      neither does it provide only n pieces unless the characteristic must necessarily
      occur bilaterally. It is shown that the analysis of a model for sites in which
      the probability of occurrence at the second site given an occurrence at the first
      site is not functionally related to the probability of occurrence at the first
      site is equivalent to an analysis of counts of individuals grouped by whether the
      characteristic is absent, occurs unilaterally, or occurs bilaterally. It is shown
      that a test statistic proposed by Rosner (1982, Biometrics 38, 105-114) using a
      different model for such data can differ markedly from its corresponding
      likelihood-ratio statistic.

PMID- 3358996
TI  - Invited symposium papers. 9th International Biophysics Congress IUPAB.
      International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics. Jerusalem, Israel, August 23
      28, 1987.

PMID- 3358993
TI  - Exact percentage points of the likelihood-ratio test for a change-point hazard
      rate model.
AB  - We wish to test that the hazard rate of survival or failure-time data is constant
      against the alternative of a change in hazard after an unspecified time. The
      likelihood ratio is unbounded but the exact null distribution of a restricted
      likelihood-ratio test statistic is found. This distribution is not affected by
      Type II censoring but it does depend very strongly on the interval in which the
      unknown change-point is assumed to lie. Some exact percentage points are given
      which are much larger than simulated points that have been reported in the
      literature.

PMID- 3358994
TI  - How dependent causes of death can make risk factors appear protective.
AB  - It is shown, using the results of Slud and Rubinstein (1983, Biometrika 70, 643
      649) in a specially constructed theoretical example, that competing latent
      failure times Ti and Ci and a two-level covariate Vi, if analyzed as though Ti
      and Ci are independent for each Vi level, can lead to exactly the wrong
      conclusion about the ordering of Pr(Ti greater than or equal to t[Vi = 1) and
      Pr(Ti greater than or equal to t[Vi = 0) for every t. This phenomenon can never
      be excluded on purely statistical grounds using such data and should be
      considered when interpreting data analyses involving competing risks.

PMID- 3358995
TI  - Estimation bias using the beta-binomial distribution in teratology.
AB  - Kupper et al. (1986, Biometrics 42, 85-98) considered the fitting of dose
      response regressions to litter proportions in teratology experiments. They found
      that the estimators which maximise the beta-binomial likelihood become biased
      when the intralitter correlation is incorrectly assumed to be homogeneous. This
      paper considers the nature of this bias and its implications for the analysis of
      litter proportions in toxicology.

PMID- 3358997
TI  - Some novel aspects of the relationship between the amino acid gradient and the
      sodium electrochemical gradient in mouse ascites tumour cells.
AB  - Accumulation of 2-aminoisobutyrate by mouse ascites tumour cells was studied in
      circumstances where nigericin reversed the normal direction of the Na+
      concentration gradient. The membrane potential (delta psi) was assayed using
      oxonol V as a voltage-sensitive probe. The amino acid gradient (delta mu A) that
      formed did not significantly exceed the likely magnitude of the Na+
      electrochemical gradient when this was in the range 2-6 kJ mol-1. When delta-Na
      mu increased up to 11 kJ mol-1, delta mu A was almost constant at 7-8 kJ mol-1.
      The observations indicate that when delta psi is large changes in cellular [Na+]
      in the range 16-80 mM scarcely affect delta mu A.

PMID- 3358999
TI  - Biophysical chemical aspects of cellular cryobehavior.
AB  - Freezing tolerance and resistance in nature are among the most important and
      challenging aspects of biochemical adaptation to extreme environments. Some
      biochemical strategies are known but their mechanism is still poorly understood.
      Cryopreservation of cells and tissues of sensitive organisms is still generally
      based on physical chemistry rather than on biophysical chemical mechanisms. This
      paper describes the main aspects of these problems and features new trends in
      their study.

PMID- 3359000
TI  - Approaching the molecular structure of ribosomes.
AB  - Fifteen forms of three-dimensional crystals and three forms of two-dimensional
      sheets from ribosomal particles have been grown. In all cases only biologically
      active particles could be crystallized, the crystalline material retaining its
      integrity and biological activity for months. Cryastallographic data have been
      collected from crystals of 50 S ribosomal subunits, using synchrotron radiation,
      at temperatures between 19 and -180 degree C. Although at around 0 degrees C in
      the synchrotron X-ray beam the crystals rapidly lose their high-resolution
      reflections, at cryo-temperatures hardly any radiation damage occurs over long
      periods, and a complete set of diffraction data to about 6 A resolution could be
      collected from a single crystal. Heavy-atom clusters were used for soaking as
      well as for specific binding to the surface of the ribosomal subunits prior to
      crystallization. The 50 S ribosomal subunits from a mutant of Bacillus
      stearothermophilus which lacks the ribosomal protein BL11 crystallize
      isomorphously with the native form. Models of the entire 70 S ribosome and of the
      50 S subunit have been reconstructed from two-dimensional sheets at 47 and 30 A,
      respectively. These models demonstrate the overall shape of the particles, the
      contact areas between large and small subunits, the space where protein
      biosynthesis may take place and a tunnel through the 50 S subunit which could
      provide a path for the nascent polypeptide chain.

PMID- 3358998
TI  - Paramyosin and the catch mechanism.
AB  - We propose here the formation by molluscan and notochord muscles in the catch
      state of three-dimensional, entangled network structures composed of bent and
      sometimes entwined paramyosin thick filaments including myosin intermediate
      filaments and disordered actin thin filaments; in the relaxed state the three
      forms lie in parallel. The intact forms of bivalve (Andonta pacifica, Heude)
      muscle paramyosin are those of 120 and 95 kDa (beta-paramyosin). The 102 kDa form
      (alpha-paramyosin) is the proteinase cleavage product of 120 kDa paramyosin.
      Paramyosin could be phosphorylated in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase. The amino acid phosphorylated was at the serine residue. Paramyosin from
      muscles treated with acetylcholine (catch state) was phosphorylated to a greater
      extent than that of untreated muscles (normal state) and even more so in the case
      of serotonin-treated muscles (relaxed state). Actin markedly inhibited the
      phosphorylation of paramyosin in vitro.

PMID- 3359001
TI  - Recognition of DNA sequences by the repressor of bacteriophage 434.
AB  - The structure of a complex between the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor
      and a 14 base-pair synthetic DNA operator reveals the molecular interactions
      important for sequence-specific recognition. A set of contacts with DNA backbone,
      notably involving hydrogen bonds between peptide-NH groups and DNA phosphates,
      position the repressor and fix the DNA configuration. Direct interactions between
      amino acid side chains and DNA bases involve nonpolar van der Waals contacts as
      well as hydrogen bonds. The structures of the repressor domain and of the 434 cro
      protein are extremely similar. There appear to be no major conformational changes
      in the proteins when they bind to DNA.

PMID- 3359002
TI  - Effect of discrete distribution of ions on B- and Z-DNA: a theoretical
      investigation.

PMID- 3359003
TI  - CD studies of synthetic polypeptides as histone models: poly(L-Arg-L-Ile-Gly),
      poly(L-Arg-L-Nva-Gly), and poly(L-Arg-L-Nle-Gly).

PMID- 3359004
TI  - The role of hydroxyproline in collagen folding: conformational energy
      calculations on oligopeptides containing proline and hydroxyproline.

PMID- 3359006
TI  - Voronoi polyhedra as structure probes in large molecular systems.

PMID- 3359005
TI  - The combined use of NMR, distance geometry, and restrained molecular dynamics for
      the conformational study of a cyclic somatostatin analogue.

PMID- 3359007
TI  - Salt-induced isomerization of a synthetic RNA poly[r(A-U)].

PMID- 3359008
TI  - Orientation of DNA during gel electrophoresis studied with linear dichroism
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 3359009
TI  - Helical formation of a 13-residue C-peptide analogue of ribonuclease A in sodium
      dodecyl sulfate solution.

PMID- 3359010
TI  - Prediction of protein helix content from an autocorrelation analysis of sequence
      hydrophobicities.

PMID- 3359012
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the three regimes of DNA electrophoresis in agarose
      gels.

PMID- 3359011
TI  - Polarized Raman scattering from oriented single microcrystals of d(A5T5)2 and
      d(pTpT).

PMID- 3359013
TI  - [Effect of ischemia and reperfusion of the rat brain on lipid peroxidation and
      the protective effect of antioxidants].
AB  - The experiments have been performed on 179 Wistar rats to examine the changes in
      the brain level of lipid peroxidation products upon 5-, 15-, 30- and 60-min
      ischemia and 5-, 20- and 60-min reperfusion and to study the protective effect of
      antioxidants. It has been found that ischemia is accompanied by the accumulation
      of lipid peroxidation products. The content increases by an average of 138-213%
      of the initial level. Brain reperfusion after 30-min ischemia was accompanied by
      an increase or maintenance of a high level of lipid peroxidation products. Ionol
      injection was accompanied by an increase in the survival of rats and prevented
      the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products after brain ischemia and
      reperfusion.

PMID- 3359014
TI  - [Prevention of disorders of the electric stability of the heart in experimental
      infarct using adaptation to hypoxia].
AB  - It has been shown on rats preadapted to hypoxia in an altitude chamber that
      myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the coronary artery was accompanied
      by less disturbances in the electrical stability of the heart, namely by a
      twofold decrease in ventricular fibrillation threshold and a considerable
      decrease in the heart ectopic activity. Preliminary adaptation provided the
      maintenance of myocardial contractility in infarction.

PMID- 3359015
TI  - [Microcirculatory disorders in the early period of autotoxic shock].
AB  - Microcirculation in the rat mesenterium was studied in the early period of
      autotoxic shock, using light and electron microscopy. Progressive reduction in
      the number of functioning capillaries, blood flow slowing in microvessels, and
      increase in the number of leukocytes that adhere to the luminal surface of the
      endothelium have been noted. Cases of stasis, sludge syndrome, thrombosis of
      small venules and disturbances of vascular permeability for protein have been
      observed. Ultrastructural changes: the formation of transendothelial canals and
      destructive changes in the basal membrane testify to the disturbance of the
      barrier function in microvessels. The role of free radicals in the pathogenesis
      of autotoxic shock is discussed.

PMID- 3359016
TI  - [Rheologic and morphometric parameters of the microcirculation bed in the rabbit
      ear following local ischemia].
AB  - Microvessels of the rabbit ear chamber and blood samples drawn from the internal
      ear vein were studied after 30-min ischemia. Total microvascular bed area
      augmented by 16%, total microvascular bed length increased by 9% and mean
      microvascular diameter increased by 6.7%. One hour after the onset of ischemia it
      is only the diameter that remains augmented. In the control experimental series
      apparent viscosity of the blood flowing from the ischemic area did not correlate
      with the degree of vascularization, negative relation with vessel length (p = -
      0.461) and positive relation with the diameter (p = 0.799) being revealed. After
      ischemia only the viscosity-diameter relation remained significant (p = 0.466).
      The correlation matrix 10 X 10 which reflected the connection between other
      parameters characterizing specificity of blood supply regulation is given.

PMID- 3359017
TI  - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation to correct an acute experimental respiratory
      insufficiency syndrome].
AB  - The results of the experiments on 159 Wistar rats have shown that one two-hour
      session of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) under the pressure of 3 ata affects
      considerably the course of acute respiratory insufficiency syndrome: the
      mortality rate decreases markedly, the development of arterial hypoxemia and
      structural changes peculiar to the "wet" lung could be averted. The results of
      the investigations demonstrate the possibility of HBO application for the
      prophylaxis and treatment of the syndrome.

PMID- 3359018
TI  - [Characteristics of hemodynamics in the right and left common carotid arteries in
      the cat].
AB  - The correlation between volumetric and linear blood flow rate, recorded
      synchronously in two common carotid arteries, has been analyzed in anesthetized
      cats after repeated injections of adrenaline and noradrenaline (2-10
      micrograms/kg) and in intact animals. No correlation has been found in the
      volumetric blood flow parameters; in the right artery the parameters were more
      dependent on the diastolic flow. In the right artery, a negative correlation with
      BP was observed, while in the left artery, the correlation was noted with heart
      rate. The results show great autoregulatory and myogenic activity of the right
      artery vascular bed.

PMID- 3359019
TI  - [Acid phosphatase activity and the state of lysosomal membranes in a primary
      culture of cardiomyocytes of newborn rats during hypoxia].
AB  - Acid phosphatase activity, ATP and cyclic nucleotide levels were studied in
      primary cardiomyocyte cultures of newborn rats under hypoxic conditions. It was
      shown that incubation of cardiac cells in Eagle's medium supplemented with 10%
      calf serum during hypoxia (5% O2, 5% CO2, 90% N2) caused an hour later a decrease
      in lysosomal acid phosphatase activity, whereas free enzyme activity increased.
      The exposure of cells in Hanks salt solution to one hour hypoxia resulted in a 3
      fold decrease of ATP level and further increase in free acid phosphatase
      activity. It was found that cAMP and cGMP levels do not depend on the presence of
      hypoxia. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of lysosomal membrane state
      are discussed.

PMID- 3359020
TI  - [Effect of low doses of the hydra peptide morphogen on protein biosynthesis in
      the intact and regenerating rat liver].
AB  - The dependence of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity on hydra peptide
      morphogen doses has been established. The parameters of protein synthesis were
      determined in normal and regenerating rat liver, using the peptide in a dose of
      20 micrograms/kg body weight, initiating maximum enzyme activity. It was
      established that intraperitoneal injection of the peptide in partially
      hepatectomized animals stimulated ODS activity in dose-dependent manner and was
      dome-shaped. The peptide injection in intact animals does not affect the
      intensity of 3H-leucine inclusion into the liver protein and the protein content
      in rat liver. However, the peptide injection in partially hepatectomized animals
      increased the level of 3H-leucine inclusion into the protein of regenerating
      liver and stimulated protein accumulation in this type of tissue.

PMID- 3359021
TI  - [The nature of functional groups in the active center of antitumor glutamin
      (asparagin-)ase].
AB  - The effect of two reagents on glutamin (asparagin) ase from Pseudomonas
      aurantiaca-548 has been studied. 2,3-butanedione which modified arginine residues
      was ineffective for the inactivation of the enzyme. The enzyme was completely
      inactivated in the presence of N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate
      (Woodward's reagent K). The effects of pH, reagent concentration, competitive
      inhibitors and their analogues on the rate or degree of enzyme inactivation were
      studied. The experimental results suggest that the carboxyl groups localized at
      the active site of glutamin (asparagin) ase are probably essential for the
      substrate binding.

PMID- 3359022
TI  - [Mechanism of action of anesthetics--ketamine derivatives--on phospholipid
      membranes].
AB  - Fluorescent probes were applied in the studies of ketamine derivatives
      interaction with model phospholipid membranes (liposomes). It has been found that
      kalipsol and ketalar have no effects on the lipid phase viscosity, but increase
      markedly a positive surface membrane charge. The action of these substances
      manifests some seconds after the addition to the membrane suspension. The binding
      constant of ketamine (Cb = 1.2 X 10(3) M-1) and the number of binding sites (N =
      1 mol per 7.5 mol of phosphatidyl-choline) have been calculated.

PMID- 3359023
TI  - [Action of exogenous formaldehyde in acute cerebral ischemia at the level of
      membrane structures].
AB  - The data presented are indicative of the general stabilizing action of exogenous
      formaldehyde on membrane structures and specific retention of macromolecular
      structures in membrane complexes in the presence of exogenous formaldehyde in
      acute cerebral ischemia. It is assumed that stabilizing effect of exogenous
      formaldehyde might be accounted for by its influence on the activity of lipid
      peroxidation in the brain tissue. High lipid content in the brain tissue
      resulting from exogenous formaldehyde presence in cerebral ischemia is thought to
      influence the stabilizing effect on the membrane structures.

PMID- 3359024
TI  - [Disorders of the dynamics of postnatal development of monoamine oxidase activity
      in the brain as affected by the antenatal action of alcohol].
AB  - The activity of different types of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-MAO, type A (substrate
      serotonin) and two types of mixed MAO forms using tyramine or dopamine as
      substrates, in different brain regions of the rat offspring exposed prenatally to
      ethanol was investigated on the 30th and 60th day postnatally. The present study
      has revealed differences in the development of brain MAO activity during
      ontogenesis. Disturbances in the activity of all MAO types investigated as well
      as the distortion of their postnatal development have been observed in the brain
      of the rat offspring exposed prenatally to ethanol. The possible teratogenic
      effect of ethanol on the developing fetal brain is discussed.

PMID- 3359025
TI  - [Effect of the synthetic endogenous opioid analog dalargin on the natural
      cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes].
AB  - The effect of synthetic opioid peptide analogue dalargin on the natural
      cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from the peripheral human blood has been studied in
      respect to target cells K-562. Natural cytotoxicity was determined by assessing
      the cytotoxicity of individual effector cells in agarose. It has been shown that
      preincubation of lymphocytes with 10(-14)--10(-8) M of dalargin enhances the
      binding of NK-cells with targets and the formation of conjugates with killed
      targets and increases the percentage of active NK-cells. In some cases bimodal
      kinetics of a stimulating dalargin effect on the natural cytotoxicity has been
      observed, with two peaks of the peptide activity being in the range of 10(14)-
      10(-12) and 10(-10)--10(-6) M. Naloxone at a concentration of 10(-6) M acted as
      an agonist of opioid receptors, enhancing the formation of effector-target
      conjugates and NK-cell lysis abilities. A stimulating effect of dalargin on the
      natural cytotoxicity was more marked than that of recombinant human alpha
      interferon. The possible use of dalargin in pathological conditions characterized
      by disturbed NK-cell function is discussed.

PMID- 3359026
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the pancreas in response to dalargin under normal
      conditions and in experimental pancreatitis].
AB  - The influence of dalargin on pancreatic secretion stimulated by different agents
      has been studied in experiments on dogs. Intravenous infusion of dalargin (50
      micrograms/kg/hour) induced intensive inhibition of both secretion volume and
      protease content. The data have been obtained on a positive influence of dalargin
      on acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. A reduction in synthetic processes in
      acinar cells, reestablishment of microcirculation in the affected zones and the
      absence of disturbances in the marginal zones of the pancreas have been observed.

PMID- 3359027
TI  - [Effect of synthetic analogs of L-enkephalin on viable areas of the pancreas in
      experimental pancreatitis].
AB  - Synthetic analogues of L-enkephalin--tageflar and dalargin were studied for the
      treatment of experimentally-induced pancreatitis of rats. It was concluded that
      morphometric features of an intact part of the pancreas were not significantly
      changed with the use of tageflar. The intensity of 14C-leucine inclusion in the
      proteins of an intact part of the pancreas was strongly suppressed and the
      cytoplasm of exocrine pancreocytes was overloaded with zymogen granules. With the
      use of dalargin, a moderate hypertrophy of exocrine pancreocytes and
      intensification of 14C-leucine inclusion developed gradually. The number and
      disposition of zymogen granules were not significantly changed, as compared to
      acute pancreatitis. Both drugs disturbed the process of acinar reconstruction
      into tubular complexes in the marginal areas.

PMID- 3359028
TI  - [Effect of carnosine on intraocular pressure].
AB  - It has been demonstrated in experiments on non-anesthetized rabbits that
      conjunctival injection of carnosine (beta-alanyl 1-histidine) caused a decrease
      in normal intraocular pressure and reduced prostaglandin-induced ocular
      hypertension. The rapid onset of the pressure response and the absence of
      papillary dilation in rabbits treated with carnosine were observed. It is
      concluded that L-carnosine can be used as a potent drug for the prevention of
      reactive hypertension syndrome.

PMID- 3359029
TI  - [Functional changes in the myocardium and the reticular formation of the medulla
      oblongata in cardiogenic stress as affected by pharmacological correction with
      litonit].

PMID- 3359030
TI  - [Induction of immunologic deficiency by benzene and its correction by
      administration of anabol].
AB  - Cellular immunity and activity of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism have been
      investigated. It has been shown that administration of benzene induces a stable
      immune deficiency syndrome characterized by a decrease in the quantity if
      antibody-forming cells, T-killers and T-suppressors. The activity of enzymes
      (cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome C reductase) was also inhibited. It has been
      shown that anabol can stimulate the parameters of cellular immunity and enzyme
      activity. Benzene intoxication was demonstrated to be a model of immune
      deficiency syndrome similar to the clinical pattern. Anabol was shown to be an
      effective immunomodulator.

PMID- 3359031
TI  - [Genetic aspects of the immunomodulating action of interferon].
AB  - The data of the study of alpha/beta interferon (IFN) effect in mice of different
      genotype were presented. CBA mice of H-2k genotype, C57B1/6 mice of H-2b genotype
      and their hybrid (CBA X C57B1/6) F1 have been used in the experiments. IFN has
      been injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 100-5000 U/mouse in combination with
      antigenic stimulation. It was shown that IFN enhanced stem cells migration from
      bone marrow in CBA, but not in (CBA X C57B1/6)F1 mice. At the same time the
      splenocytes from CBA mice were more sensitive to inhibition by IFN than
      splenocytes from C57B1/6 mice. This was found in antibody and immune rosette
      formation tests. The effect of IFN on the immune system cells is probably
      predetermined by the individual genetic characteristics of a mouse strain.

PMID- 3359033
TI  - [Fixation of antibodies from patients with pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus
      foliaceus on snake epidermis].

PMID- 3359034
TI  - [Nature of the modifying action of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of
      transplantable tumors of different types].
AB  - Modification effect of sodium salts and ethers of linolenic, arachidonic and
      alpha-linolenic acids on the growth of transplantable mouse tumors was examined.
      Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) enhanced the growth of mammary adenocarcinoma
      Ca-755, whereas the opposite effect was observed in mice with leukemia L-1210 and
      sarcoma 180. No differences in the growth of melanoma B-16 and Lewis lung
      carcinoma were noted in control and experimental animals. Modification effect of
      PUFA was significantly suppressed by prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin and to
      a lesser extent by antioxidant alpha-tocopherol.

PMID- 3359032
TI  - [A model for exploring afferent signals from the immune system to the nervous
      system].
AB  - Mechanisms of information transmission from the immune system to the nervous
      system have been studied. The results of the studies support the assumption that
      these signals can be transmitted by oligopeptides (the products of limited
      proteolysis) which are the fragments found in the active sites of many regulatory
      peptides of the nervous and immune systems. The testing of a synthesized
      tripeptide (Ser-Lys-Asp) has shown that it inhibits the antibody-forming cells in
      intact mice only in response to the administration of large antigen doses and
      exerts a protective effect against viral infection. When added to the culture of
      the incubated leukocytes from the peripheral blood of the oncological patients,
      the tripeptide lowers an increased or normal functional activity of natural
      killers. In rabbits, tripeptide administration brings about a complex long
      lasting reorganization of bioelectrical activity in subcortical structures of the
      brain.

PMID- 3359035
TI  - [Antidotal and antineoplastic properties of copper sulfate].
AB  - Copper sulfate in peroral administration to small experimental animals has an
      inhibitory effect on the growth of transplanted solid tumors and possesses
      antidote properties in respect to cisplatin. An antitumor effect of the compound
      was registered at doses ranging from 10 to 120 mg/kg. Antidote properties are
      manifested clearly when copper sulfate is applied at a single dose 10 mg/kg, 24
      hours before cisplatin administration. It has been determined that copper sulfate
      decreases acute toxicity, nephro- and hemotoxicity of cisplatin, but fails to
      change its antitumor effect. The experimental data obtained give the ground for
      the clinical studies of copper sulfate.

PMID- 3359036
TI  - [Activation of the production of cytotoxic factors by mouse spleen cells exposed
      to the combined action of lipopolysaccharide and muramyl dipeptide in vitro].
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) stimulated murine
      splenocytes in vitro to produce cytotoxic factors (CF) that killed target cells L
      929. This effect was synergic at LPS dose of 10 ng/ml and MDP dose of 10
      micrograms/ml. CF production started 2 hours after spleen cell activation and was
      maximum in 6 hours. CF were produced by macrophages as well as by lymphocytes
      stimulated by LPS, MDP or their combination. However, synergic effect of
      immunomodulators was registered only if nonfractionated spleen cells were
      stimulated during 24 hours. Lymphocytes depleted on T cells did not lack the
      ability to generate CF upon activation. In addition, LPS and MDP activated
      synergically the production of interleukin-I by spleen cells in vitro.

PMID- 3359037
TI  - [Cytophotometric evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophilic
      granulocytes and fibroblasts during wound healing in rats].
AB  - The most informative indexes of alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophil
      granulocytes from the peripheral blood and in neutrophil granulocytes and
      fibroblasts from the wound were defined in the experimental study carried out on
      60 rats. These indexes were used to reveal the relationship between blood system
      reactions and inflammatory and regeneration processes in the wound tissue. The
      division of neutrophil granulocytes into three functional groups in accordance
      with alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated to be reasonable. The
      progress of inflammatory and regeneration processes in the wound tissues was
      shown to be adequately reflected in changes of both general and relative number
      of blood circulating neutrophil granulocytes of the third functional group
      characterized by high alkaline phosphatase activity. The results of the study
      demonstrate that the cytophotometric method is highly informative. It can be used
      in the clinical practice for an objective evaluation of the wound healing process
      as well as for an estimation of the treatment efficacy.

PMID- 3359039
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats in the early
      postresuscitation period following total ischemia].
AB  - The rat frontal brain cortex and CAr hippocampal region were studied on the 4th
      day after 10-min complete ischemia. It has been established that the number of
      "dark" osmiophilic neurons was increased. The reparative, destructive and
      adaptive processes in cells were observed. The most prominent destructive changes
      were found in CAr hippocampal region, they can be associated with the
      microcirculatory disturbances. The hypertrophic thread-like mitochondria appear
      in the nervous and glial cells, with the quantity of lipofuscin granules
      increasing. Lipofuscin and hypertrophic mitochondria are thought to provide
      energy exchange in the brain cells during the postischemic period, forming one of
      the mechanisms of intracellular adaptation to hypoxia.

PMID- 3359038
TI  - [Ultrastructure of neuromuscular synapses during administration of
      dexamethasone].
AB  - Dexamethasone administration to rats at a dose of 100 micrograms/100 g body
      weight for 10 days resulted in the appearance of large synaptic vesicles in axon
      terminals, migration of synaptic vesicles to synaptic slits, local broadening of
      synaptic slit, proliferation of mitochondria in pre- and postsynaptic zones of
      the axomuscular synapses, destruction of myofibrils and other organelles in the
      postsynaptic area and the presence of lysosomes in this region.

PMID- 3359040
TI  - [Vascular changes in maturing granulation tissue].
AB  - Granulation tissue was examined in rats on the 20th and 40th day after wounding
      of the back. It was shown that by both the 20th and the 40th day the vessels with
      impaired typical structure could be revealed together with the normal ones in the
      granulation tissue. Specific rearrangement was observed in the structure of these
      vessels, consisting in the impairment of their wall integrity, separation of the
      constituent cells and their free position among the other cells and fibrous
      structures. This process is especially marked by the 40th day. 3H-thymidine was
      actively incorporated by some fibroblasts and rather often by the cells of both
      normal and degenerating vessels. The authors suggest the existence of an earlier
      unknown phenomenon of transformation of capillary vessels, common for both normal
      dermal and reparative processes after injury. The essence of the phenomenon
      consists in the fact that small dermal vessels get permanently disintegrated and
      are included into the composition of cellular elements of the interstitial
      tissue, and form again, providing for the physiological regeneration of dermal
      cells and fibrous structures.

PMID- 3359041
TI  - [Morphology of the skeletal musculature in alloxan diabetes].

PMID- 3359042
TI  - [Characteristics of the compensatory repair processes in the thyroid of 1-month
      old rats as affected by sympathectomy].
AB  - A considerable decrease in the amount of sympathetic nervous cells in neonatal
      rats injected guanethidine resulted in the depression of thyroid gland functional
      activity in 1-month-old animals, there was an apparent parallel increase in the
      proliferative activity of the gland. A 2/3 thyroidectomy led to the functional
      tension of the remaining part of the organ. A comparison of compensatory
      reparative processes after thyroidectomy has shown similarity of reparative
      changes in experimental and control rats, however, the degree of repair potential
      was much higher in the sympathectomized thyroid gland.

PMID- 3359043
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of normal human megakaryocytes.
AB  - Megakaryocytes from normal routine human bone marrow aspirates were analyzed by
      flow cytometry for size, fine cell structure and granularity, membrane expression
      of glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa and ploidy. Marrow cells were initially enriched
      for megakaryocytes by a Percoll density gradient and megakaryocytes were labeled
      with a fluoresceinated monoclonal antibody directed to the GPIIb/IIIa complex.
      The cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde and stained with propidium iodide (PI)
      for DNA quantitation. Using two-color flow cytometry, megakaryocytes were
      identified by their high membrane immunofluorescence and their ploidy was
      determined according to the relative fluorescence intensity of the PI. Forward
      light scatter (FSC), correlating with cell size, 90 degrees side light scatter
      (SSC), reflecting primarily cell internal fine structure and granularity, and
      total cell membrane fluorescence were examined. To evaluate independently the
      relationship between size and cell membrane fluorescence obtained by flow
      cytometry, megakaryocytes were sorted directly on slides and analyzed by a laser
      based anchored cell analyzer (ACAS). There was a strong correlation among size,
      SSC, and the level of membrane fluorescence. The mean diameter of megakaryocytes
      was 28.1 +/- 12.3 micron. The modal ploidy distribution was 16N with
      approximately one-fifth of the cells less than or equal to 4N. The mean FSC and
      SSC levels increased with increasing ploidy. However, the marked overlap observed
      between the ranges of these parameters in adjacent ploidy classes suggested that
      size and SSC increase continuously rather than by discrete steps as is
      characteristic for ploidy. The total surface membrane fluorescence was correlated
      with cell size (r = 0.98) as measured by FSC or directly by the ACAS (r = 0.85),
      and with cell ploidy (r = 0.99) indicating an augmentation in total membrane
      GPIIb/IIIa expression with an increase in cell size and ploidy. However,
      estimated GPIIb/IIIa fluorescence density was inversely correlated with FSC
      suggesting that the GPIIb/IIIa surface epitope density is decreased with
      increasing cell maturity. We conclude that flow cytometry is a useful technique
      for the rapid analysis of human megakaryocytes obtained by marrow aspiration, and
      should be applicable to studies of pathologic states.

PMID- 3359044
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of fibrinogen during thrombin-induced aggregation
      of washed human platelets.
AB  - Because thrombin aggregates afibrinogenemic platelets and platelets from patients
      with the gray platelet syndrome and because antibodies to fibrinogen inhibit
      thrombin-induced aggregation only at low concentrations of thrombin, the role of
      fibrinogen in the formation of thrombin-induced aggregates was investigated
      further with human platelets washed and resuspended in Tyrode-albumin solution
      containing apyrase, either with or without added Ca2+ (2 mmol/L). Samples for
      immunocytochemical assessment of fibrinogen distribution were taken at several
      times (up to five minutes) after aggregation induced by 0.5 U/mL of thrombin.
      Glutaraldehyde-fixed samples were embedded in Lowicryl K4M, sectioned, incubated
      with goat antihuman fibrinogen, washed, reacted with gold-labeled antigoat IgG,
      and prepared for electron microscopy. By 10 seconds, small aggregates formed, and
      granules were centralized; alpha granules were heavily labeled with immunogold,
      but the platelet surface was not. As large aggregates formed, granule swelling or
      fusion occurred, and in some areas granule material seemed to be in contact with
      the exterior. In these experiments with no added fibrinogen, there were some
      clusters of gold particles on the platelet surfaces remote from sites of granule
      discharge, but there were large areas where platelets were in close contact with
      little or no fibrinogen detectable between them. No fibrin was visible up to five
      minutes after the addition of thrombin, which indicated that fibrinogen from the
      granules does not readily become available for fibrin formation in the ambient
      fluid. Similar results were obtained in media with and without added Ca2+. Thus
      at least some aggregation in response to thrombin can occur without the
      participation of released fibrinogen, and much of the granule fibrinogen appears
      to remain localized at sites where granules fuse with the plasma membrane or the
      open canalicular system. Incubation of unstirred samples with thrombin for ten
      minutes resulted in the formation of small aggregates, extensive gold label in
      regions connected to the exterior of the platelets, but very little gold labeling
      of the platelet membrane and no visible fibrin formation. When the platelets were
      aggregated in the presence of external fibrinogen, the morphological changes
      within the platelets were the same, but fibrinogen rapidly became associated with
      the entire platelet surface, and visible fibrin formed within 30 seconds in the
      medium containing 2 mmol/L Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3359045
TI  - A simple approach to prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia in a geographic area
      where multiple mutations occur.
AB  - We describe a simple approach for detecting beta-thalassemia mutations in
      geographic areas such as southern China where multiple mutations are known to
      occur. Segments of the beta-globin gene were amplified in vitro by using the
      polymerase chain reaction. Dot blot hybridization of the amplified DNA with
      oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the six mutations found in southern China
      could directly identify the mutations causing beta-thalassemia in the affected
      families. The increased number of target sequences after amplification allows the
      use of 35S-labeled probes, which are reusable for up to 3 months. The mutations
      can be determined in two days.

PMID- 3359046
TI  - Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's cell lines HDLM, L-428, and KM-H2 are not
      actively replicating: lack of bromodeoxyuridine uptake by multinuclear cells in
      culture.
AB  - We compared the proliferation of mononuclear and multinuclear cells in four
      Hodgkin's cell lines, HDLM-1, HDLM-1d, L-428, and KM-H2, by examining their
      capacity to incorporate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) into nuclei. Approximately 5%
      of all cells in HDLM-1 cultures had two or more nuclei, a characteristic of Reed
      Sternberg (RS) cells. Unlike mononuclear Hodgkin's (H) cells, these RS cells
      exhibited no uptake, or only minimal uptake of BrdUrd, suggesting that they did
      not replicate actively. Cytogenetic study showed that 25% of the HDLM-1 cells
      contained a tetraploid (4X) set of chromosomes with a characteristic two-peak
      distribution. Following treatment of HDLM-1 cells with phorbol ester, the
      percentages of 4X cells and RS cells increased to 50% and 12%, respectively. This
      increase in RS cells was not likely to be due to cell fusion as shown by the
      absence of hybridization of BrdUrd-positive and -negative nuclei. Phorbol ester
      has a short-term effect of blocking the exit of cells from G1 into S phase, but
      no effect on the transition from S phase to G2/M phase. The block is more
      prominent in 2X cells than in 4X cells, which may explain the increase in
      percentage of 4X cells in phorbol ester-treated cultures. In addition, phorbol
      ester induced the differentiation of H-RS cells, which was accompanied by loss of
      the marker HeFi-1 from the cell surface. Approximately one third of the RS cells
      did not express HeFi-1, or expressed only minimal amounts. The findings led us to
      the following conclusions: (1) The 4X cells probably are formed from 2X H cells
      as a result of disturbed cytokinesis, but not a cell fusion. (2) A considerable
      number of 4X cells were H cells, because the number of 4X cells consistently
      exceeded that of RS cells. (3) Since mitotic figures are extremely rare in RS
      cells and these cells did not show active BrdUrd uptake, the increased number of
      RS cells must also be a consequence of disturbed cytokinesis of H cells or a
      result of nuclear transformation (twisting, convolution, or separation of the
      nucleus) in H cells. (4) Most RS cells lose their proliferating capacity and some
      RS cells may undergo further differentiation. Uptake of BrdUrd and phorbol ester
      induction were also studied on the other three H-RS cell lines, HDLM-1d, L-428,
      and KM-H2, with results similar to those for HDLM-1.

PMID- 3359047
TI  - Hereditary poikilocytic anemia associated with the co-inheritance of two alpha
      spectrin abnormalities.
AB  - This report describes a black family in which two distinct structural defects of
      alpha spectrin were inherited singly and in combination. The propositus, who has
      a poikilocytic hemolytic anemia that shares many of the features of hereditary
      pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) or homozygous elliptocytosis, is a compound heterozygote
      for both the spectrin alpha 1/65 and spectrin alpha 1/50a defects as demonstrated
      by electrophoretic analysis of spectrin tryptic fragments. The spectrin alpha
      1/65 defect alone was found in his mother and sibling, while the spectrin alpha
      1/50a defect was present in the father and another sibling. The red cell spectrin
      content was normal in all family members. The functional consequences of
      inheritance of these two spectrin defects were compared with those found in an
      unrelated patient with classic HPP who had the alpha 1/50a spectrin defect and
      was spectrin deficient as well. Prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C resulted in
      striking budding, fragmentation, and sphering of classic HPP red cells but only
      minimal changes in propositus cells. The percentage of spectrin dimers was
      increased tenfold in classic HPP, sevenfold in the propositus, and threefold in
      other family members. Mechanical stability of erythrocyte ghosts, measured by
      ektacytometry, was reduced severely in both classic HPP and in the propositus,
      but only moderately in other family members. Thus, co-inheritance of two alpha
      spectrin defects can result in a poikilocytic hemolytic anemia milder than that
      usually found in HPP. The greater clinical severity of HPP may be a consequence
      of the presence of spectrin deficiency, a finding absent in the propositus.

PMID- 3359048
TI  - The relationship between in vivo generated hemoglobin skeletal protein complex
      and increased red cell membrane rigidity.
AB  - In vitro induced oxidative damage to normal human RBCs has previously been shown
      to result in increased membrane rigidity as a consequence of the generation of a
      protein complex between hemoglobin and spectrin. In order to determine if in vivo
      generated hemoglobin-spectrin complexes may play a role in increased membrane
      rigidity of certain pathologic red cells, we measured both these parameters in
      membranes prepared from hereditary xerocytosis (Hx), sickle cell disease (Sc),
      and red cells from thalassemia minor (beta thal). Membranes were prepared from
      density-fractionated red cells, and membrane deformability was measured using an
      ektacytometer. Hemoglobin-spectrin complex was determined by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel analysis, as well as by Western blot analysis
      using a monoclonal antibody against the beta-subunit of hemoglobin. For these
      three types of pathologic red cells, progressive cellular dehydration was
      associated with increased membrane rigidity and increased content of hemoglobin
      spectrin complex. Moreover, the increase in membrane rigidity appeared to be
      directly related to the quantity of hemoglobin-spectrin complex associated with
      the membrane. Our findings imply that hemoglobin-spectrin complex is generated in
      vivo, and this in turn results in increased membrane rigidity of certain
      pathologic red cells. The data further suggest that oxidative crosslinking may
      play an important role in the pathophysiology of certain red cell disorders.

PMID- 3359050
TI  - Ultrastructure and morphometric measurements of mesenteric arteries from newborn
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - A morphometric and ultrastructural study of superior mesenteric arteries and
      large mesenteric arteries from newborn spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and
      normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) was carried out. Morphometric measurements
      showed that in both vessel types, cross-sectional areas of the lumen and vessel
      wall components (e.g., media, adventitia) were similar between SHR and WKY. There
      was also no ultrastructural difference between SHR and WKY in the two types of
      arteries. We therefore conclude that vascular alterations found in older SHR take
      place after birth.

PMID- 3359049
TI  - Fibrinogen-derived peptide B beta 1-42 is a multidomained neutrophil
      chemoattractant.
AB  - The formation and degradation of fibrin play a central role in hemostasis, but
      other activities have been associated with fibrin(ogen)-derived peptides, which
      suggests that products of fibrin(ogen) turnover may be involved in inflammation
      and wound healing. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the
      plasmic fibrinogen-derived peptide B beta 1-42 has effects on inflammatory cells
      and fibroblasts (FB). B beta 1-42 was found to be a potent chemotaxin for
      neutrophils (PMN) and FB, maximally stimulating PMN migration at 10(-9) mol/L
      peptide. Unlike the chemotactic factors f-Met-Leu-Phe and C5a, B beta 1-42 did
      not induce the release of lysosomal hydrolases and superoxide anion from PMN, nor
      did it stimulate directed movement of monocytes (MN). These features of B beta 1
      42 resemble the properties of human fibrinopeptide B (hFpB), the 14-reside,
      thrombin-cleaveable fragment that constitutes the amino terminus of B beta 1-42,
      and suggested that the chemotactic effects of B beta 1-42 are mediated through
      its hFpB domain. Against this conclusion, however, were observations that (a)
      desensitization of PMN with 10(-7) mol/L hFpB ablated chemotaxis to hFpB without
      affecting chemotaxis to B beta 1-42; (b) antiserum to hFpB, which recognizes the
      B beta 1-14 sequence both free and bound to larger fragments of the B beta chain,
      blocked hFpB chemotactic activity but did not affect B beta 1-42-mediated
      chemotaxis; (c) desensitization of PMN with equimolar amounts of hFpB and beta 15
      42 (10(-7) mol/L), the isolated carboxyterminal sequence of B beta 1-42 remaining
      after the removal of hFpB, completely inhibited B beta 1-42-mediated chemotaxis;
      and (d) beta 15-42 itself was chemotactic for PMN. These data indicate that PMN
      recognize several independent domains within the amino terminal region of the
      human fibrinogen B beta chain and that these biologic effects extend to
      mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 3359051
TI  - Modulation of the spontaneous contractions of the initial lymphatics of the bat's
      wing by arterial and venous occlusion.
AB  - The spontaneous contractions of the initial lymphatics of the bat's wing were
      observed to be modulated by changes in local blood flow. Lymphatic pressure and
      frequency of contraction were measured with the servo-null technique during the
      occlusion of the ulnar artery or vein. Lymphatic contractile activity was
      decreased during arterial occlusion but was increased during venous occlusion and
      postocclusion hyperemia. These changes in lymphatic activity are not consistent
      with the hypothesis that flow-associated changes in lymphatic contractile
      activity is mediated primarily by metabolic factors.

PMID- 3359052
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the cerebral artery wall induced by long-term
      sympathetic denervation.
AB  - This study was performed to determine to what extent the morphology of the rabbit
      middle cerebral artery is affected by the absence of the sympathetic nervous
      system. Six weeks after unilateral ablation of the superior cervical ganglion,
      which induced ipsilateral degeneration and disappearance of the perivascular
      noradrenergic nerve fibers, comparison between the ipsi- and the contralateral
      middle cerebral arteries revealed that the denervated arterial wall underwent
      significant thickening. This thickening was principally due to hypertrophy of the
      smooth muscle cells (SMC), together with an increase in the amount of medial and
      adventitial collagen. The hypertrophied SMC showed important morphological and
      ultrastructural modifications--irregular shape, increase in the number of
      organelles (particularly of Golgi apparatus, free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic
      reticulum and microtubules), large indented nuclei rich in euchromatin-
      indicating profound changes in their metabolic and contractile activity which
      could result in an alteration of their mechanical properties. As these
      alterations were strictly ipsilateral to the sympathectomy it is likely that they
      are the direct consequence of the suppression of a regulatory 'trophic' factor
      linked to the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers. This concept is reinforced by
      the fact that the first SMC affected are those situated at the media/adventitial
      border, in the vicinity of adventitial nerve bundles. Thus, the sympathetic
      nervous system appears to play a key role in the long-term regulation of the
      cerebral vascular tree structure.

PMID- 3359053
TI  - 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine in diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma.
AB  - 131I MIBG is taken up and stored by neural crest tumors, essentially
      pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. MIBG diagnosis in neuroblastoma has been
      attempted with the following results. 205 total body scintigrams were performed
      in 60 patients with neuroblastoma with doses of MIBG ranging from 0.5 to 1 mCi.
      52 were positive, 6 in complete remission were negative, and 2 were false
      negatives in adults with tumors showing no secretion of metabolites. More than
      90% of neuroblastoma are MIBG positive, and therefore MIBG imaging is now
      considered the most valuable means of diagnosis and staging of these tumors. 131I
      MIBG therapy has been attempted in 22 patients with neuroblastoma. They received
      multiple therapeutic doses of 41 to 2,090 mCi given IV at 3- to 6-week intervals.
      The results were 5 complete remissions, 10 partial remissions, 1 no change, 2
      progressive disease and 1 lost to FU. Apart from bone marrow depression in
      patients with previous bone marrow involvement, the treatment was well tolerated.
      Six adults with other neural crest tumors were also treated. Pain relief in
      metastatic patients is a common and important result of MIBG therapy.

PMID- 3359054
TI  - Risk factors for second malignant neoplasms: report from the Late Effects Study
      Group.
AB  - The Late Effects Study Group (LESG) has collected 368 cases of second malignant
      neoplasms (SMN) in patients having been previously treated for a first malignancy
      during childhood. The most frequent first neoplasm is retinoblastoma, followed by
      Hodgkin's disease. The second neoplasms are essentially sarcomas mostly
      associated with radiation therapy. Leukemias are also frequent, apparently
      essentially induced by alkylating agents. The incidence of SMN depends on the
      primary and on the treatment given, thus it varies according to the studied
      cohorts. In the most recently analysed material of the LESG, the 20-year
      incidence was 8%. Children treated for a first neoplasm have an elevated risk of
      developing a SMN. Genetic predisposition may increase that risk.

PMID- 3359055
TI  - The genetics of childhood cancer.
AB  - Two classes of genes are apparently critical in the origin of the cancers of
      children. One class, that of oncogenes, acts by virtue of abnormal or elevated
      activity. It is operative primarily in leukemias and lymphomas. There is no
      evidence yet that genetic predisposition to these neoplasms can be imparted by
      oncogene mutations in the germline. However, there are conditions that predispose
      to these tumors, primarily through excessive chromosomal breakage and
      rearrangement. The other class, that of anti-oncogenes, is recessive in
      oncogenesis; cancer results when both normal copies have been mutated or deleted.
      Some persons carry one such mutation in the germline and are highly susceptible
      to tumor because only one somatic event is necessary. Some children, even though
      carrying no such mutation in the germline, can acquire tumor as a result of two
      somatic events. Most solid tumors in children seem to involve initiation through
      the loss of both copies of an anti-oncogene.

PMID- 3359057
TI  - [Immunodeficiencies and lymphoma].
AB  - Primary immunodeficiencies (ID) lead to a high incidence of cancer, particularly
      of lymphomas. The risk excess varies according to the type of ID. Cellular IDs
      carry a very high risk, tumoral IDs have an intermediate risk while deficiencies
      of non-specific immunity bear no risk. Acquired IDs are also associated with an
      increased risk of lymphomas. The physiopathogeny of ID-associated lymphomas
      remains unknown, although several hypotheses have been proposed, including a
      defective immunological surveillance, repeated viral and antigenic stimulations
      and DNA repair anomalies.

PMID- 3359056
TI  - [Prognostic value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the operable breast
      cancer: results of a uni- and multifactorial analysis].
AB  - This study concerns 645 patients first treated with surgery for unilateral, non
      metastatic, invading breast cancer. Intratumoral estrogen receptor and
      progesterone level were determined in every case. Level greater than 5 fmoles/mg
      cytosolic protein was considered as positive for both receptors. Univariate
      analysis has pointed out a significant linkage between overall survival and the
      following factors: age, clinical size of the tumor, histopathological grading
      SBR, clinical and histological lymph node involvement, capsular tear, RO and RP
      status. Statistical significance of menopausal status is borderline. Number of
      tumor foci is not significant. Likewise, disease free survival was correlated to
      the same factors. Multivariate analysis (Cox), secondarily pointed out that
      overall survival was strongly related to age, size of the tumor, lymph node
      involvement, capsular tear, histopathological grading SBR, menopausal status and
      RP. Multivariate analysis of the disease free survival revealed that it was
      strongly related to age, tumor size, lymph node involvement, capsular tear,
      grading SBR and RP. An interaction has been pointed out between Ro and menopausal
      status: Ro greater than 5 fmoles/mg cytosolic protein carry its own prognostic
      weight (Cox) and lengthen overall survival only for post menopausal women. A
      prognostic score, taking into account all of these factors has been calculated
      for both overall survival and disease free survival, and enabled us to isolate 4
      groups of patients with good, intermediate and bad prognosis. These 2 models have
      been validated on an independent group of patients according to the sample test
      procedure. This results indicate that hormonal receptors carry their own
      prognostic weight in operable breast cancer (only for postmenopausal women for
      RO), and should be taken into account when adjuvant therapies are indicated after
      surgical treatment for breast cancer, in association with other more usual
      prognostic factors.

PMID- 3359058
TI  - [Biological indicators with a prognostic significance in neuroblastoma in
      children].
AB  - Thanks to the recent progress made concerning the biology of neuroblastoma, we
      can now define with greater accuracy the progression and prognosis of these
      tumours. Several biologic profiles distinguish the neuroblastoma at stage IV-S,
      the prognosis of which is usually good, thus providing it with a true biological
      identity.

PMID- 3359059
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging for bone marrow metastases of neuroblastoma].
AB  - From March 1985 to February 1987, 41 patients (pts) presenting with a
      neuroblastoma underwent 52 MRI to detect bone marrow metastases. Mean age was 4
      years (R: 6 m, 13 y). Acquisitions were done with a 1.5 t unit. Images were
      obtained in coronal (legs and pelvis) and sagittal (dorso-lumbar spine) sections.
      Nine out of 52 examinations were excluded because of artifacts or technical
      failure. In 13 cases, MRI was performed for initial staging, in 30 during follow
      up. Out of 24 anatomically proven medullary involvement (18 pts), MRI showed
      focal abnormal signals in 23 (17 pts): foci of hypersignal in T2 weighted images,
      compared to the normal value of bone marrow and fat tissue, were more often
      detected in lower limbs than dorso-lumbar vertebral body or iliac bone. In our
      series, the sensitivity of MRI to detect BM metastases is 84% and the specificity
      is 88%. In comparison to the medullograms and bone marrow biopsy, MRI explores
      distinct sites, especially lower limbs which are often involved.

PMID- 3359060
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scintigraphy in
      the evaluation of neuroblastoma: analysis of 115 cases].
AB  - Seventy children (3.7 +/- 3.3 y) with definitely confirmed diagnosis of
      neuroblastoma had 115 whole body scans carried out 24 h after injection of 3.7
      MBq/kg of I-123 mIBG (83 scans) or 0.7 MBq/kg of I-131 mIBG (17 scans) or 0.9 to
      4.5 GBq of I-131 mIBG (15 post-therapeutic scans). The scans were interpreted as
      positive in the presence of any non-physiological uptake area or of any bone
      uptake of the tracer, even at the level of the metaphyseal complex. For the
      primary tumour, the sensitivity of mIBG scans was 73%. Ten false negative
      patients had an overlap of the tumour with the bladder or heart images (4 cases)
      or with positive metastatic images (6 cases: liver, spine). Three false negative
      patients had neuroblastomas which did not secrete catecholamines. The specificity
      of mIBG was 94%. In our opinion, mIBG scans have a complementary role to assess
      the activity of post-therapeutic remnants. For the detection of hepatic and lymph
      node metastases, the sensitivity was about 50% and the specificity was 100%. The
      standard used for the detection of bone marrow metastases was the cytological and
      histological examination of 10 bone marrow aspirations and one or more biopsies
      (CHBMS). The sensitivity of mIBG scans was 90% and the specificity 68%. However,
      reviewing the data from the 16 false positive scans, we found 11 definitely
      proven bone metastases, 3 biological relapses and 2 cases of delayed abnormal
      CHBMS supporting the positivity of the mIBG scans, raising the specificity to
      100%. Tc-99m diphosphonate bone scans had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity
      of 51%. We suggest that positive mIBG scans may save other procedures since our
      data do not support false positive detection of bone or bone marrow metastases.
      In contrast, patients with negative mIBG findings should be further explored.

PMID- 3359061
TI  - [Epidermoid cancers of the esophagus: combined chemotherapy, surgery and
      radiotherapy. Preliminary results in 50 cases].
AB  - Fifty operable epidermoid esophageal carcinomas were treated by combined
      chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The post-operative mortality was 5.4% and
      the severe post-operative morbidity was 29%. The vindesine-5FU-platinum
      association and the vindesine-endoxan-platinum association gave respectively 55%
      and 35% objective responses (OR) after two preoperative courses without
      increasing the operative mortality. The patients who showed an OR had a less
      important tumoral extension. Thus, an objective response to the pre-operative
      chemotherapy is in fact a new prognostic factor. Survival without recurrence
      seems to be increased when chemotherapy is efficient in the curative resection
      group. These findings incite to promote prospective randomized studies with this
      kind of combined therapy.

PMID- 3359062
TI  - [Thermography of the breast. Sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility].
AB  - Thermography is a questionable method of diagnosis of breast diseases. In our
      study, we demonstrate that the low sensitivity and specificity is not related to
      the experience of the reader. One hundred thermograms were given to five
      different readers: three of them were thermographists, one was a gynecologist and
      the last one radiotherapist. Sixteen patients had a breast carcinoma, 18 had
      benign lesions. Seventy-two patients had no lesion at the time of diagnosis and 4
      years after. The false negative and the false positive rates were not different
      according to the readers. The reproducibility, judged with the Kappa test, was
      poor. This study, in agreement with most of the previous studies, demonstrates
      that thermography must not be recommended neither for diagnosis nor for screening
      of breast diseases.

PMID- 3359063
TI  - Some characteristics of fetal and adult isoenzymes of thymidine kinase in human
      breast cancers.
AB  - Two isoenzymes of Thymidine Kinase were isolated from 90 human breast cancers by
      ion exchange chromatography. One was the enzyme present in adult tissues (TK-A),
      the second corresponded with the enzyme found in fetal tissues (TK-F). The
      presence of both isoenzymes was observed in the 90 tumors investigated. The
      activity of TK-A varied in the same range as in normal tissues, while the
      activity of TK-F varied to a larger extent and was higher than that of TK-A in a
      majority of tumors. Moreover, TK-F activity was independent of the presence or of
      the level of estradiol and progesterone receptors. Both isoenzymes were further
      characterized and compared.

PMID- 3359064
TI  - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of vinca alkaloids].
AB  - Vinca alkaloids (VA) represent a family of closely related molecules, which
      includes vincristine (VCR), vinblastine (VLB), vindesine (VDS) and navelbine
      (NVB), a new synthetic VA presently in phase II clinical trial. Development of
      sensitive and specific analytical tools (polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies)
      enabled us to investigate the kinetic behavior of VDS and NVB after IV bolus or
      long term administration. Following IV bolus injection, the mean pharmacokinetic
      parameters are: total plasma clearance: 0.53 l/h-1kg-1, 0.72 l/h-1kg-1 and
      apparent elimination half-life: 23.2 h, 39.5 h for VDS and NVB, respectively.
      Chronic treatment reveals time- and dose-dependence relationships and detailed
      observations of individual kinetics demonstrate an important interindividual
      variability for both drugs. Renal excretion of VDS and NVB is low (from 5 to 12%
      of the total dose), suggesting the important role of the liver in their rapid
      elimination.

PMID- 3359066
TI  - CEA MARIA serum levels in gastrointestinal pathologies.

PMID- 3359065
TI  - [Prognostic factors in rhabdomyosarcomas in childhood. Study carried out with 253
      children registered by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology].
AB  - Two hundred and fifty three children with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic
      rhabdomyosarcoma, from 30 European centers, were registered by the International
      Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) between 1975 and 1982, and received a VAC
      VAD chemotherapy. Multivariate statistical methods were used to study prognosis.
      The most important predictors for survival time were as follows: primary site (P
      less than 0.001), clinical stage (P = 0.02), and sex (P = 0.03). Three primary
      sites had a favourable prognosis (vagina, paratestis, orbit) as opposed to the
      most unfavorable ones (parameningeal head and neck sites). Clinical state I had
      better survival curves than stages II and III. Males had a better prognosis than
      females, regardless of stage and primary site. The analysis of the evolutive
      modes of the tumour showed that the lack of local control (no complete remission,
      local recurrence) was the first reason of failure.

PMID- 3359067
TI  - [Therapeutic problems in 2 patients with Hodgkin's disease and HIV 1 positive
      serology].

PMID- 3359068
TI  - Good bed management.

PMID- 3359069
TI  - Child sexual abuse: principles of good practice. Independent Second Opinion
      Panel, Northern Regional Health Authority.

PMID- 3359070
TI  - Gas in the urinary tract: its aetiology and management.
AB  - Gas within the urinary tract may be an incidental finding or it may be detected
      in the course of investigating a patient with urinary or abdominal symptoms. In
      the immediate postoperative period it is unlikely to be of any significance, but
      at any other time it is a sign of serious underlying pathology. In this article
      its aetiology and management are discussed.

PMID- 3359071
TI  - What a load of bullae!
AB  - Appropriate and timely insertion of chest drains can be lifesaving. The
      radiological absence of lung markings is not exclusively diagnostic of
      pneumothorax. The insertion of an intrapleural drain should effect an immediate
      clinical and radiological improvement. Failure to achieve the expected result
      should prompt a full clinical reassessment.

PMID- 3359072
TI  - A cervical cord tumour presenting with earache.

PMID- 3359073
TI  - Communicating with relatives.

PMID- 3359075
TI  - "Informed" consent for transplants.

PMID- 3359074
TI  - Usefulness of buprenorphine in dispute.

PMID- 3359076
TI  - Post-traumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 3359077
TI  - Mothers and babies in prison.

PMID- 3359078
TI  - Should general practitioners perform minor surgery?

PMID- 3359080
TI  - Bradyphrenia in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - After a century of separation, neurology and psychiatry have been drawing closer
      together over the last 30 years. The two main advances in the understanding of
      Parkinson's disease over this period have been the discovery of cerebral dopamine
      deficiency and the appreciation of the large number of its non-motor aspects.

PMID- 3359079
TI  - The ageing society.
AB  - Although there has been no change in maximum life span, there has been a dramatic
      rise in mean life expectancy in the UK over the last 100 years. Ageing has little
      effect on the self-care capacity of the elderly but diseases common in old age
      and environmental problems cause a great deal of distress and disability. As a
      result it has been necessary to develop specialized medical and social services
      for the elderly. These are outlined in this paper.

PMID- 3359081
TI  - The paediatric origins of atherosclerosis.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in North America and western
      Europe. The majority of these deaths are due to myocardial or cerebral
      infarction, atherosclerosis being the principal cause (Report of the Working
      Group of Arteriosclerosis of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
      1981). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is being elucidated and some
      predisposing factors defined.

PMID- 3359082
TI  - Clinical reactions to food.
AB  - Sensational claims have been made about allergy to food and food additives, to
      the point where the predominant reaction in the medical profession has been one
      of scepticism. Nevertheless, some patients experience severe reactions caused by
      foods, for which they may find it difficult to obtain treatment through the
      National Health Service. This is a subject which needs to be reappraised.

PMID- 3359083
TI  - Interpreting the skeletal X-ray.
AB  - Despite the advances in other imaging techniques, the plain radiograph remains
      the most important radiological method for diagnosis in bone. Variations in bony
      appearances are common and it is important to identify the normal as well as to
      interpret the abnormal. Observations from the X-ray about the rate of growth of a
      lesion serve to supplement the histopathological findings.

PMID- 3359084
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of sex reassignment surgery.
AB  - Sex reassignment surgery is perhaps the most controversial issue in psychiatry
      today. Clinicians involved in the treatment of transsexualism have been accused
      of "playing God" or colluding with the patient's psychopathology. This paper
      reviews the literature and argues for a systematic approach to the treatment of
      transsexualism.

PMID- 3359086
TI  - Tension pneumoperitoneum: a surgical emergency.

PMID- 3359085
TI  - The pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid wrist and hand deformities.
AB  - As rheumatoid arthritis progresses, pannus formation causes subchondral bone
      damage and later cartilage and bone destruction. Stretching of ligaments due to
      capsular distension causes joint instability, and infiltration. These processes
      are frequently responsible for deterioration in hand function. However, present
      surgical treatments of wrist and hand deformities allow a degree of independence.

PMID- 3359088
TI  - More research involvement for nurses.

PMID- 3359087
TI  - Antisperm antibody treatment.

PMID- 3359089
TI  - Suicide risk in depression.

PMID- 3359090
TI  - Framework of medical care of epilepsy.

PMID- 3359091
TI  - What's the use of the EEG in epilepsy?

PMID- 3359092
TI  - Do we really need to measure the quality of life?

PMID- 3359093
TI  - Clinical audit.

PMID- 3359094
TI  - Clinical and physiological aspects of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with unrecognized or
      untreated pulmonary arteriovenous malformations it is essential that a
      provisional diagnosis is followed by definitive investigation and prompt
      intervention. Careful physiological monitoring, including measurement of the
      right-to-left shunt, is required.

PMID- 3359095
TI  - Management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
AB  - Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are at risk from a
      number of serious complications. The development of transcatheter embolization
      techniques now allows these patients to be effectively treated without the need
      for major open chest surgery.

PMID- 3359096
TI  - Instrumental perforations of the oesophagus.
AB  - Instrumental perforation of the oesophagus is a serious and potentially fatal
      complication of oesophagoscopic procedures. Thoracic perforations are more
      serious than cervical ones and those above an oesophageal stricture carry the
      highest mortality. Every effort should be made to diagnose early and to institute
      prompt and appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3359097
TI  - Efficient communication takes time.

PMID- 3359098
TI  - Improving the lot of junior hospital staff.

PMID- 3359099
TI  - Minimizing the risks of central venous catheterization.

PMID- 3359100
TI  - Association of skin lesions and chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 3359101
TI  - Dementia and the Hachinski Scale.

PMID- 3359102
TI  - Nursing crisis brought on by nurses?

PMID- 3359103
TI  - Suramin: a reversible P2-purinoceptor antagonist in the mouse vas deferens.
AB  - The trypanocide Suramin was tested as a possible antagonist at the P2
      purinoceptor of the mouse vas deferens. At a concentration of 100 microM, Suramin
      antagonized the response to alpha,beta-methylene ATP, while responses to
      carbachol and noradrenaline were unaffected. These results suggest that Suramin
      may provide a starting point for the development of specific antagonists for P2
      purinoceptors.

PMID- 3359104
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of some calcium entry blockers in DBA/2 mice.
AB  - 1. The behavioural and anticonvulsant effects of several drugs acting by various
      mechanisms on calcium-channels or affecting intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
      were studied after both systemic and intracerebroventricular administration in
      DBA/2 mice, a strain genetically susceptible to sound-induced seizures. 2. The
      anticonvulsant effects were evaluated on seizures evoked by means of auditory
      stimulation (109 dB) in animals placed singly under a perspex dome. 3.
      Flunarizine and dihydropyridine derivatives, belonging to class I of calcium
      entry blockers, administered intraperitoneally, were the most potent compounds.
      4. Diltiazem, a benzothiazepine derivative belonging to class III, and HA 1004, a
      calcium antagonist, acting by inhibiting Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular
      stores, injected intraperitoneally, were 3-7.6 fold and 5.8-10.7 fold less potent
      than flunarizine respectively. 5. Verapamil and methoxyverapamil, two
      phenylalkylamine derivatives, given intraperitoneally, were completely
      ineffective in preventing sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice. In addition, high
      doses of verapamil and its methoxyderivative occasionally produced spontaneous
      tonic-clonic seizures. 6. After intracerebroventricular administration of the
      hydrosoluble calcium entry blockers, belonging to different classes, the
      anticonvulsant effects were similar to those observed after systemic
      administration. 7. The systemic administration of Bay K 8644, a dihydropyridine
      analogue, having the ability to stimulate calcium entry into cells produced a
      dose-dependent increase in clonic and tonic convulsions and other neurological
      side effects. 8. The present results strongly support the idea that some Ca2+
      antagonists may be useful in human epilepsy.

PMID- 3359105
TI  - The effect of dantrolene sodium on the discharge of alpha and gamma motoneurones
      to the soleus muscle in the decerebrate rat.
AB  - 1. The effects of intravenous infusion of the direct acting muscle relaxant,
      dantrolene sodium (5 mg kg-1), on tension, integrated EMG, soleus muscle motor
      unit discharge frequency and gamma nerve fibre discharge were measured in the
      decerebrate rat. 2. Dantrolene sodium did not have any detectable direct effect
      upon the discharge of the gamma nerve fibres. 3. The soleus muscle of the
      decerebrate preparations exhibited spontaneous tension and reflex responses. 4.
      With the muscle held at constant length, dantrolene sodium caused an increase in
      the integrated EMG in 15 out of 18 experiments and a decrease in muscle tension
      in 15 out of 17. The results from these experiments showed great variability. 5.
      Dantrolene sodium caused a slight reduction in the tension response to tonic
      stretch; this was accompanied by an increase in the integrated EMG. 6. Dantrolene
      sodium also caused a shift in the relationship between tension and integrated EMG
      during the phasic component of the stretch reflex, with a greater integrated EMG
      being associated with a reduced tension. 7. Motor unit discharge frequencies were
      found to increase but not sufficiently to overcome the action of dantrolene
      sodium. It is concluded that motor unit recruitment must play an important role
      in the compensation for the muscle weakening action of dantrolene sodium.

PMID- 3359106
TI  - Influence of epithelium on the responsiveness of guinea-pig isolated trachea to
      adenosine.
AB  - 1. The influence of epithelium removal on the effects of adenosine on airway
      contractility was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated trachea. 2. In
      preparations under resting tone or precontracted with histamine 10(-5) M, removal
      of the tracheal epithelium resulted in similar shifts to the left of the
      adenosine concentration-response curves (0.61 +/- 0.18 (P less than 0.05) and
      0.80 +/- 0.09 (P less than 0.001) log units; n = 5), corresponding to 4.07 and
      6.31 fold potentiations of the relaxant effect of adenosine. 3. In the presence
      of dipyridamole 10(-5) M the relaxant effects of adenosine were potentiated 85.1
      fold on tracheae with epithelium; removal of the epithelium did not produce a
      significant additional shift to the left of the adenosine concentration-response
      curves (0.07 +/- 0.03 log units; n = 5; NS). 4. In the absence of dipyridamole,
      the theophylline-adenosine antagonism was not of the competitive type,
      irrespective of whether the tracheae were with or without epithelium. 5. In the
      presence of dipyridamole, this antagonism was likely to be of the competitive
      type and its characteristics were the same when the epithelium was present or
      absent. Regression slope and pA2 values were 0.84 and 5.07, respectively, in the
      presence of epithelium and 0.76 and 4.89, respectively, in its absence. 6. It is
      suggested that, at least in the guinea-pig isolated trachea model, the airway
      epithelium seems to be involved only in the uptake and metabolism of adenosine.

PMID- 3359107
TI  - Central inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid of the release of vasopressin by
      carbachol in the rat.
AB  - 1. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibited the antidiuretic response and the
      increased urinary excretion of vasopressin produced by carbachol when both drugs
      were injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) in the water-loaded rat
      under ethanol anaesthesia. 2. The inhibitory effect of GABA was mimicked by
      muscimol and 3-amino-1-propane sulphonic acid (3-APS) and blocked by bicuculline.
      3. GABA injected i.v. or into the cisterna magna (i.cist.) did not inhibit the
      release of vasopressin by carbachol injected i.c.v. 4. The results suggest a role
      for GABA as a putative inhibitory transmitter in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial
      system, acting directly on the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei in the
      anterior hypothalamus.

PMID- 3359108
TI  - Subtypes of muscarinic receptor on cholinergic nerves and atrial cells of chicken
      and guinea-pig hearts.
AB  - 1. Electrically driven chicken and guinea-pig atria were used to investigate the
      negative inotropic effects of the muscarinic agonists methacholine and
      acetylcholine (ACh). The release of ACh from isolated hearts into the perfusate
      in response to (preganglionic) vagal or (pre- and postganglionic) field
      stimulation was bioassayed on the guinea-pig ileum or determined by labelling
      with [3H]-choline. 2. Concentration-response curves for the negative inotropic
      effect of methacholine were shifted to the right by pirenzepine in various
      concentrations (0.03 to 10 mumol l-1). The pA2 values were 7.76 in chicken atria
      and 6.53 in guinea-pig atria. Pirenzepine and atropine antagonized the negative
      inotropic response to 0.3 mumol l-1 ACh. The half-maximally effective
      concentrations (IC50) of pirenzepine (Pz) and atropine were 40 and 5.4 nmol l-1
      in chicken atria and 330 and 3.5 nmol l-1, respectively, in guinea-pig atria.
      Thus, the respective potency ratios (IC50Pz/IC50atropine) were 7.4 and 94.3 in
      the two species. 3. Pirenzepine in low concentrations increased the release of
      unlabelled and 3H-labelled ACh from isolated hearts evoked by vagal and field
      stimulation only in chicken, but not in guinea-pigs. The half-maximally-effective
      concentration of pirenzepine was about 30 nmol l-1 in the chicken heart, whereas,
      in the guinea-pig heart, an increased release was observed at 300 nmol l-1. 4.
      (+)-Tubocurarine [(+)-Tc; 100 mumol l-1] reduced the release of ACh evoked by
      (preganglionic) vagal stimulation to a (+)-Tc-resistant release of about 30%. The
      time-course of the neuronal release of [3H]-ACh was markedly altered: the onset
      was delayed and the termination was extended beyond the period of stimulation (1
      min or 5s) by several seconds. The (+)-Tc-resistant release was nearly abolished
      by 30 nmol l-1 pirenzepine. 5. In conclusion, the pre- and post-synaptic
      muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic neuroeffector junction of the heart
      both belong to the M1-subtype in the chicken and to an M2-subtype in the guinea
      pig. Block of the nicotinic ganglionic transmission in the chicken heart by (+)
      Tc unmasked a muscarinic transmission, which presumably was mediated through M1
      receptors stimulating a low and prolonged postganglionic release of ACh.

PMID- 3359109
TI  - Neuroeffector actions of thromboxane B2 in dog isolated mesenteric arteries.
AB  - 1. Thromboxane (TX) B2 and epithiomethano (sTXA2), in concentrations that were
      insufficient to alter the basal tone, potentiated contractile responses of
      helical strips of dog mesenteric arteries to transmural electrical stimulation.
      The potentiating effect of TXB2 (up to 10(-6) M) was not abolished by diphloretin
      phosphate (DPP), a prostaglandin antagonist, whereas the potentiation by sTXA2
      was abolished by the antagonist. 2. sTXA2 and TXB2 (3 x 10(-6) M or higher)
      potentiated the responses to noradrenaline, the potentiation being antagonized by
      DPP. 3. 3H-overflow evoked by transmural stimulation in superfused arterial
      strips previously soaked in medium containing [3H]-noradrenaline was increased by
      TXB2, but not altered by sTXA2. 4. TXB2 in low concentrations potentiated the
      contractile response to adrenergic nerve stimulation, possibly by increasing the
      release of noradrenaline, while the potentiation by the TXA2 analogue appears to
      be due to increased sensitivity of the arteries to noradrenaline. Prejunctional
      effects of TXB2 may be mediated by receptor sites functionally different from
      those located postjunctionally.

PMID- 3359110
TI  - The effects of the novel anti-anginal compound RS 43285 on myocardial conduction
      in the anaesthetized dog.
AB  - 1. A pentobarbitone-anaesthetized canine model of myocardial conduction was
      developed to evaluate drug effects on intra-atrial (I-A), intra-ventricular (I-V)
      and atrioventricular (A-V) conduction parameters, both at rest and during
      electrical pacing of the right atrium or ventricle. Drug effects on the ability
      of the sino-atrial (SA) node to re-establish sinus rhythm on switching off
      electrical pacing were also considered. The effects of the novel anti-anginal
      compound RS 43285-193 ((+/-)-N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-4[2-hydroxy-3-(2
      methoxyphenoxy)propyl] -1-piperazine acetamide dihydrochloride) were compared to
      those of the standard anti-anginal compounds nicardipine, nifedipine and
      verapamil. 2. In the dose range 15-7000 micrograms kg-1, RS 43285 had no
      significant effects on I-A, I-V or A-V conduction either at rest or during
      electrical pacing and did not affect the re-establishment of sinus rhythm. 3.
      Nicardipine had no effects on conduction parameters at resting heart rate. There
      were no effects on I-A or I-V conduction on electrical pacing but A-V conduction
      was increased at 200-500 micrograms kg-1 (with a 2:1 A-V conduction block in two
      out of six dogs); this was accompanied by a prolongation of the interval to
      reversion of sinus rhythm. 4. Nifedipine had no significant effects on I-A or I-V
      conduction but significantly prolonged A-V conduction at 1000 micrograms kg-1 and
      this dose also increased the interval to SA node recovery. 5. Verapamil did not
      effect I-A or I-V conduction. However, A-V conduction was affected with a
      significant prolongation occurring at resting heart rate at 100-400 Atg kg-' and
      a 2:1 A-V block in one dog at rest. During right atrial pacing verapamil
      significantly increased A-V conduction at 50- 400 fig kg-'. All dogs exhibited a
      2:1 A-V conduction block at the highest frequency at 400 jig kg-'.

PMID- 3359111
TI  - Inhibitory regulation by co-released peptides of catecholamine secretion by the
      canine adrenal medulla.
AB  - 1. We have stimulated the peripheral end of the cut left splanchnic nerve in
      anaesthetized dogs while collecting the venous effluent of the left adrenal gland
      for catecholamine estimation. 2. With low frequency stimulation the resting
      output of catecholamines was inhibited but at high frequencies it was augmented.
      3. The inhibition of catecholamine output by low frequency stimulation was
      reversed by opiate antagonists (naloxone and nalmefene) but enhanced by
      angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (captopril and enalapril).

PMID- 3359113
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced arrhythmias and its accumulation in the rat
      perfused heart.
AB  - 1. The tissue level of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was determined in rat hearts
      perfused with a solution containing 5 microM LPC. The relationship between LPC
      accumulation and the severity of arrhythmias produced was examined. 2. The
      accumulation of LPC was dependent on the perfusion time and this accumulation was
      associated with the occurrence of severe arrhythmias. A positive correlation
      between the tissue LPC content and the arrhythmia score was found (P less than
      0.01). 3. No consistent alteration in total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine or
      cholesterol content was found. This suggests that LPC-induced arrhythmias are not
      associated with alterations of major lipid components in the heart. 4. When
      severe arrhythmias occurred in the presence of LPC in the rat perfused heart,
      less than 2% of total tissue phospholipid was in the form of LPC. 5. The positive
      correlation between LPC accumulation and the occurrence of arrhythmias suggests a
      cause and effect relationship of LPC with cardiac arrhythmias in the rat perfused
      heart. However, in the ischaemic heart, other biochemical factors can contribute,
      to different degrees, to ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 3359112
TI  - A comparative study of the cardiovascular and biochemical actions of the imidazo
      [4,5b] pyridine sulmazole and an imidazo [4,5c] pyridine analogue, BW A746C.
AB  - 1. BW A746C is a chemical analogue of the imidazo [4,5b] pyridine, sulmazole (AR
      L115 BS). Like sulmazole, BW A746C possesses positive inotropic and vasodilator
      activity in vivo. 2. In anaesthetized guinea-pigs, dogs and primates, a bolus
      i.v. injection of BW A746C, (0.001-1.0 mg kg-1) caused a significant, dose
      related increase in ventricular dP/dt, and reduction in diastolic blood pressure,
      with small increases in heart rate. In these species, a significantly higher dose
      of BW A746C was required to lower blood pressure by 30% from basal, than was
      needed to raise ventricular dP/dt by 50% over basal. 3. In anaesthetized guinea
      pigs and dogs, bolus i.v. injections of sulmazole (0.1-10.0 mg kg-1) caused
      similar effects to those observed with BW A746C. In these species, however, there
      was no significant difference between the dose of sulmazole required to lower
      blood pressure by 30% from basal and that required to raise ventricular dP/dt by
      50%. 4. In conscious dogs, i.v. infusion of BW A746C (to a total dose of 0.3 mg
      kg-1) caused a significant increase in ventricular dP/dt, but no significant
      change in either diastolic blood pressure or heart rate. 5. In cell-free
      biochemical assays, there were no clear differences between the observed
      activities of BW A746C and sulmazole. Both compounds are cyclic nucleotide
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors with similar potencies and selectivities for the
      Type III enzyme (IC50 BW A746C = 3.0 +/- 0.5 X 10(-5) M, sulmazole 5.0 +/- 1.9 X
      10(-5) M). The compounds had little or no effects on sarcolemmal Na+/K+-ATPase,
      Ca2+ ATPase or Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and sulmazole, but not BW A746C, had a small,
      stimulatory effect on myofibrillar ATPase. 6. In anaesthetized guinea-pigs and
      dogs, BW A746C was significantly more potent as a positive inotrope than
      sulmazole. In contrast with sulmazole, BW A746C produced its inotropic effects at
      significantly lower doses than those required to reduce diastolic blood pressure.
      This was also apparent from the results obtained in the anaesthetised primates
      and the conscious dogs. It was therefore concluded that the inotropic/vasodilator
      profile of BW A746C favours its positive inotrope activity. This profile cannot
      be explained on the basis of any biochemical differences from sulmazole.

PMID- 3359114
TI  - Relative affinities of drugs acting at cholinoceptors in displacing agonist and
      antagonist radioligands: the NMS/Oxo-M ratio as an index of efficacy at cortical
      muscarinic receptors.
AB  - 1. Radioligand binding assays using [3H]-N-methylscopolamine (NMS) and [3H]
      oxotremorine M (Oxo-M) have been devised to predict the efficacy of test
      compounds at muscarinic receptors in rat cerebral cortex. 2. Muscarinic
      antagonists, including non-selective and both M1- and M2-selective compounds,
      displayed similar affinity for both binding assays. 3. Full agonists such as
      carbachol and muscarine possessed a ratio of potencies against the antagonist
      versus the agonist ligand (NMS/Oxo-M ratio) of greater than 4000. 4. Compounds
      which have been shown previously to display partial agonist activity in
      functional assays e.g. pilocarpine and RS86 had intermediate NMS/Oxo-M ratios of
      100-150. A second group of compounds which included oxotremorine had somewhat
      higher ratios (500-1400). 5. The ratio of affinity constants for the two assays
      predicted the ability of agonists to stimulate cortical phosphatidyl-inositol
      turnover. 6. These results suggest that the NMS/Oxo-M ratio may be a useful
      prediction of efficacy for novel compounds acting at cortical muscarinic
      receptors.

PMID- 3359116
TI  - Patterns of visual-spatial performance and 'spatial ability': dissociation of
      ethnic and sex differences.
AB  - Is there a common basis for the ethnic and sex differences that are
      characteristically obtained on psychometric tests of spatial ability? Three
      experiments approached this question by observing subject differences in the
      recognition and reconstruction of visual-spatial displays. The pattern of
      performance on these experimental tasks was compared with that on a traditional
      spatial ability test. In the first experiment, two samples of 40 students,
      balanced for sex, from Zimbabwe and Scotland respectively, attempted a forced
      choice recognition task for meaningful scenes. Both ethnic groups and both sexes
      showed equivalent performance. The same subjects then undertook a task involving
      the reproduction of an arrangement of blocks into two-dimensional plan and
      elevation views. On this task, involving spatial reorientation, the Zimbabweans
      made over three times as many errors as the Scots. In a third experiment the
      requirement for spatial reorientation was added to the original recognition task
      and this was performed by a further 40 subjects. A significant difference between
      ethnic groups now emerged and this effect covaried with spatial ability. Again,
      however, no sex difference was observed. The overall pattern of results points to
      spatial reorientation as a major factor in the cross-ethnic differences. The
      absence of a sex difference on the experimental tasks contrasts with its
      appearance in both samples on the spatial ability test and represents a puzzling
      obstacle to our current understanding. This dissociation of sex and ethnic
      differences provides evidence against the hypothesis that they stem from the same
      source.

PMID- 3359117
TI  - Do comparisons of a food characteristic with ideal necessarily involve learning?
AB  - Untrained assessors graphically rated the saltiness of plain slices of white
      bread relative to a personally ideal level of saltiness, with each test session
      designed to minimize known contextual effects on ratings. Judgements were highly
      reliable from the first session. However, the mean of the residual variances of
      individuals' psychophysical functions was approximately halved by the fifth
      session. To test whether this was an accommodation to the method or to the
      product, assessors rated the same product by a different procedure in one further
      session and a different food by the same procedure in a final session. The mean
      residuals lay in the direction of an accommodation to the method, but this
      difference proved not to be significant. The initial fall in residuals might
      indicate some learning about the product which was not adequately tested in the
      experimental manipulation. Nevertheless, it is clear that the method can be
      immediately used with high precision by unpractised volunteers.

PMID- 3359115
TI  - 14 beta-Hydroxyprogesterone binds to the digitalis receptor, inhibits the sodium
      pump and enhances cardiac contractility.
AB  - 1. Certain derivatives of progesterone are potent inhibitors of high affinity,
      specific binding of 3H-cardiac glycosides. The steroids interact at the cardiac
      glycoside site on Na,K-ATPase and inhibit the enzyme (the sodium pump) in cardiac
      and other tissues. However, the active congeners identified previously have been,
      unlike the cardiac glycosides, predominantly cardiodepressant. 2. Because a 14
      beta-hydroxy substituent is an important determinant of activity of the
      cardiotonic cardiac glycosides, we synthesized 14 beta-hydroxyprogesterone. This
      derivative has about one-tenth the potency of the aglycone, ouabagenin, in a [3H]
      ouabain binding assay. 3. Like ouabagenin, but in contrast to the
      cardiodepressant congeners of progesterone, 14 beta-hydroxyprogesterone
      consistently elicited positive inotropy in isolated cardiac muscle and enhanced
      both the magnitude and frequency of fluctuations in scattered light (an index of
      oscillatory intracellular release of calcium). 4. Thus, at least one hydroxylated
      derivative (and putative endogenous metabolite) of progesterone, mimics the
      cardiac effects of cardiac glycosides including enhanced contractility.

PMID- 3359119
TI  - Occupational bladder cancer: a guide for clinicians. The BAUS Subcommittee on
      Industrial Bladder Cancer.
AB  - In 1961 the British Association of Urological Surgeons published its original
      guide to urologists and surgeons on occupational tumours of the urinary tract.
      This revised guide has been produced by the BAUS Committee on Occupational
      Urothelial Cancers and has broadly the same objectives as the first: 1. To give
      guidance on the industries and occupations (a) In which the known urothelial
      carcinogens have been manufactured or used and with which occupational tumours
      have been associated. (b) In which epidemiological studies have revealed an
      increased risk of urothelial cancer but the exact carcinogens have not been
      identified. (b) In which epidemiological studies have revealed an increased risk
      of urothelial cancer but the exact carcinogens have not been identified. (c) In
      which occupational urothelial cancers might be expected to occur but are not yet
      established or reported. 2. To assist the urologist in recognising cases with a
      possible occupational association. 3. To describe how these cases should be
      reported for industrial injuries benefit and occupational disease reporting
      (RIDDOR). 4. To outline the benefits that may be available to the patient. 5. To
      explain the changes that were introduced on 3 October 1983 following the report
      by the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council on the prescription of Neoplasm of
      the Bladder as a Prescribed Industrial Disease (now disease number C23) (Table
      1).

PMID- 3359118
TI  - Reinstatement of context following exposure to post-event information.
AB  - In an earlier study, Jenkins & Davies (1985) reported significant interference to
      facial memory from exposure to an erroneous composite picture of a target in the
      interval between observation and test. Subjects (n = 194) in the present
      experiment first viewed a videotaped incident depicting a male target and then
      received a composite of the target which was designed to present either correct
      or misleading information concerning his appearance. Control subjects received no
      composite of the target. Following a delay of one week, all subjects were
      required to recall the appearance of the target in a cued recall questionnaire
      and to recognize him from a photospread. For half of the subjects, the context of
      the original incident was revived by means of a guided memory interview, modelled
      on Malpass & Devine (1981). The remaining subjects received no contextual
      reinstatement but simply completed recall and recognition tests. For subjects
      receiving no contextual reinstatement, interference in facial memory from the
      composites was observed both for recall and recognition of the target. However,
      for subjects in the context both for recall and recognition of the target.
      However, for subjects in the context condition, significant reductions in the
      influence of the misleading composites were observed. The theoretical and
      practical implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3359120
TI  - The biphasic nature of renal functional recovery following relief of chronic
      obstructive uropathy.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with chronic obstructive uropathy due to high pressure
      chronic retention of urine underwent renal functional assessment both during the
      period of obstruction and repeatedly up to 3 months following its relief.
      Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using clearance of 99mTc-DTPA and
      iohexol. Creatinine, water, urea and electrolyte excretion was assessed from
      timed urine collections. Excretion of water, urea and electrolyte was normal
      during obstruction but increased dramatically immediately following relief (e.g.
      sodium 110 to 234 mmol/24 h). Values returned to normal by 2 weeks (sodium
      excretion 148 mmol/24 h). No further significant changes occurred up to 3 months.
      Mean 99mTc-DTPA and iohexol clearances during obstruction were 59.0 and 50.5
      ml/min respectively. Following relief of obstruction, no significant improvement
      occurred at 2 weeks but did at 3 months (mean = 68.4 and 55.7 ml/min). Mean
      creatinine clearance during obstruction was 32.5 ml/min. This improved 2 days
      following relief to 46 ml/min. No further improvement was seen until 3 months
      (mean = 57.3 ml/min). It was concluded that recovery of renal function from
      obstructive injury occurs in two phases, an early tubular phase lasting up to 2
      weeks and a later, predominantly glomerular phase, between 2 weeks and 3 months.
      There is some disparity between creatinine clearance and more accurate
      measurements of GFR which may be explained by tubular excretion of creatinine in
      the early phase of recovery.

PMID- 3359121
TI  - Modified nephro-ureterectomy. Long-term follow-up with particular reference to
      subsequent bladder tumours.
AB  - Nephro-ureterectomy is the standard treatment for transitional carcinoma of the
      renal pelvis and caliceal system. In recent years a modification of the
      conventional two-incision technique has been described in which the intramural
      ureter is resected endoscopically and the remaining ureter is removed in
      continuity with the kidney through a single loin incision. Twenty-one patients
      had their renal pelvic tumours treated by this modified technique between 1970
      and 1983. Of 16 patients available for analysis, 37.5% subsequently developed
      bladder tumours. It was concluded that this modified technique has no greater
      incidence of subsequent bladder tumour development than the conventional
      technique of nephro-ureterectomy, whilst giving considerable benefit to the
      patient.

PMID- 3359122
TI  - Treatment of vesicoureteric reflux. Preliminary report of a prospective study.
AB  - Between 1982 and 1986 95 children with non-obstructive vesicoureteric reflux were
      treated in a prospective study. Preliminary results are reported on 94 children
      with 137 refluxing ureters and a follow-up period of at least 18 months. All
      children with reflux grade III or less had antibiotic treatment only. Those with
      reflux grade IV were randomised for antibiotic treatment alone versus surgery
      plus antibiotic treatment, while the primary treatment of reflux grade V was
      reimplantation. In 91 ureters treated by antibiotics alone, reflux disappeared in
      49 cases; in 20 cases the grade of reflux was reduced. In 46 ureters treated by
      reimplantation, reflux was cured in 40 cases and no severe ureteric obstruction
      was seen. Conservative management of reflux grade IV seems to be less successful
      than surgery. The results of conservative, non-surgical treatment of reflux grade
      I to III are satisfactory, but for grades IV and V reflux surgery seems to be the
      treatment of choice if detrusor instability can be excluded.

PMID- 3359123
TI  - The use of endoscopic detrusor muscle biopsies for in vitro muscle strip studies.
AB  - A technique is described for performing in vitro muscle strip studies using
      samples of detrusor muscle taken by means of endoscopic biopsy forceps. This
      study of pig bladder muscle showed that the nerve mediated and drug induced
      responses of the muscle showed that the nerve mediated and drug induced responses
      of the muscle biopsies were similar to those produced by traditionally dissected
      muscle strips. The importance of continued access to human material for
      pharmacological studies is discussed.

PMID- 3359124
TI  - Urodynamic findings following radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Forty patients were assessed urodynamically 5 to 11 years after radiotherapy for
      cervical carcinoma and compared with 27 patients prior to treatment. The mean
      volume of first bladder sensation after radiotherapy was significantly lower than
      the mean volume before treatment, as was the mean maximum cystometric capacity.
      The mean filling detrusor pressure was higher after radiotherapy than before
      treatment. Unstable detrusor contractions were found only in the 12 symptomatic
      patients. There was a significant reduction in maximal urethral closure pressure
      and functional profile length in the post-radiotherapy group. Detrusor
      instability was a common finding following radiotherapy. The reduction in bladder
      capacity alone was not sufficient to account for the symptoms of frequency,
      urgency and urge incontinence.

PMID- 3359125
TI  - Long-term follow-up of selective sacral neurectomy.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1981, 22 patients underwent selective, complete sacral root
      section as a treatment for severe detrusor overactivity. Eighteen were followed
      up for more than 4 years (mean 6.2). Thirteen of the 22 patients had significant
      symptomatic improvement lasting for more than 4 years post-operatively (59%), 8
      of whom had stable bladders. It was concluded that this operation still has a
      place in the treatment of detrusor overactivity.

PMID- 3359126
TI  - Suprapubic endoscopy: a percutaneous approach.
AB  - We have assessed whether suprapubic endoscopic surgery can be helpful in
      situations where transurethral access is inadequate, difficult or likely to be
      associated with urethral damage and have applied a modified version of the well
      known techniques for creating and dilating a track for percutaneous renal access
      to the bladder. This method has been used in a series of clinical cases and in
      certain experimental studies. Assessment of the techniques has allowed their
      modification and the development of a specially designed access cannula--the St
      Peter's Hospital cannula.

PMID- 3359127
TI  - Comparison of pressure/flow studies with micturitional urethral pressure profiles
      in the diagnosis of urinary outflow obstruction.
AB  - Computer technology has made it possible significantly to improve the technique
      and interpretation of the micturitional urethral pressure profile (MUPP). Thirty
      nine patients with lower urinary tract symptoms have been investigated by this
      technique and the results compared with those of standard pressure/flow studies.
      A good correlation was found between the two methods of diagnosing outflow
      obstruction, but micturitional urethral pressure profiles offered practical
      advantages in patients who were elderly, immobile or who had severe involuntary
      voiding, and diagnostic advantages in patients with absent or poor detrusor
      contractility and those with equivocal pressure/flow studies.

PMID- 3359128
TI  - X-ray microscopy of the prostate gland.
AB  - A technique is described for investigating the internal structure of the prostate
      gland (including calcification) by projection X-ray microscopy
      (microradiography). The results show that the technique can be used in
      conjunction with the corresponding histological preparations to complement the
      examination of the prostate gland by demonstrating tissue density and the
      structure and location of microcalcification less than 5 microns in diameter.

PMID- 3359129
TI  - Prostatectomy: patients' perception and long-term follow-up.
AB  - We have reviewed 500 consecutive prostatectomies with a follow-up period of
      between 5 and 8 years; 184 surviving patients were sent a questionnaire and
      patients with residual urinary symptoms were interviewed, examined and a flow
      rate was performed. The operative mortality rate was 0.5%. Patients who presented
      with retention of urine had a high mortality rate in the first 3 years after the
      operation. Thirty-six per cent of surviving patients with chronic retention and
      24% of those who underwent elective prostatectomy had residual urinary symptoms
      at the time of the study. Of patients who were sexually active pre-operatively,
      34% felt that the operation was responsible for a deterioration in their sex
      lives. The incidence of retrograde ejaculation was 93%. It was concluded that
      prostatectomy is a safe operation with good patient acceptability. Patients with
      symptoms of prostatism require careful evaluation before prostatectomy and
      sexually active patients should be warned of the risks of impotence and decreased
      satisfaction due to retrograde ejaculation.

PMID- 3359130
TI  - YAG laser treatment of early carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - We describe our initial experience of a method which develops the role of
      endoscopic surgery in the treatment of early prostatic carcinoma. An "extended"
      transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under ultrasound control reduces
      the prostatic tissue to a thin residual capsule suitable for subsequent
      transmural coagulation by endoscopic YAG laser. Twenty patients with early
      disease were entered into the pilot study. Three were excluded after staging (2
      T0a and 1 with positive nodes on pelvioscopy-T2 N1 M0); 17 received a full course
      of treatment. Mean follow-up was 6 months (range 1-14). Two early patients with
      excessive residual tissue had initially positive biopsies and underwent second
      treatments with subsequently negative biopsies. Two patients continue to have
      positive biopsies and the rest are negative. No tumour has progressed and
      complications have been minimal. One patient experienced reduced frequency of
      erections and 1 required bladder neck incision for symptomatic bladder neck
      stenosis at routine follow-up endoscopy. There were no other effects on either
      potency or continence.

PMID- 3359131
TI  - Development of a penile rigidity indicator and new concepts in the quantification
      of rigidity.
AB  - A new non-invasive device has been developed for the continuous measurement of
      penile rigidity. We describe its design and performance in experimental and
      clinical studies, both of which have demonstrated its high degree of sensitivity,
      reliability and reproducibility. We also report two new concepts in quantifying
      penile rigidity.

PMID- 3359132
TI  - Phenytoin toxicity causing priapism.

PMID- 3359133
TI  - The fate of long-term double pigtail ureteric stents.

PMID- 3359134
TI  - Malakoplakia of testis.

PMID- 3359135
TI  - Topically applied ergometrine and thromboplastin in life-threatening haemorrhage
      following transurethral prostatectomy.

PMID- 3359137
TI  - Post-herniorrhaphy paravesical granuloma.

PMID- 3359136
TI  - Non-operative diagnosis of renal sinus lipomatosis simulating tumour of the renal
      pelvis.

PMID- 3359139
TI  - re The integrated cystoscope: an alternative to conventional and fibreoptic
      cystoscopy.

PMID- 3359138
TI  - re Testicular tumor markers in spermatic vein blood.

PMID- 3359140
TI  - Value of the tympanomastoid fissure in the exposure of the facial nerve.

PMID- 3359141
TI  - Intraparotid anatomy of the facial nerve and retromandibular vein.
AB  - Fifty-four cadaver dissections of the parotid gland and the extracranial course
      of the facial nerve were made. In 52 out of 54 specimens dissected (96.3 per
      cent) the retromandibular vein was present and of significant calibre (greater
      than 2 mm). In all specimens the main facial nerve trunk or its major divisions
      were in direct contact with the retromandibular vein at the level of its entry
      into the parotid gland. This finding is discussed in the context of new
      developments in body scanning techniques and put forward as a potential adjuvant
      in the clinical management of lumps in the parotid region.

PMID- 3359142
TI  - Incidence and diagnosis of parotid gland tuberculosis in Asians in Leicester.

PMID- 3359143
TI  - Risk to surgeons: a survey of accidental injuries during operations.
AB  - A survey was conducted with the participation of eight consultant general
      surgeons, two consultant urologists, four consultant orthopaedic surgeons and
      four surgical residents to find the incidence of accidental injuries to surgeons
      and their assistants during operations. Of the total of 2016 operations over a
      one year period there were 112 reported accidental injuries. These included 107
      needle stick injuries, 4 knife cuts and 1 diathermy burn. We found that
      accidental injuries to surgeons during operations were inevitable.

PMID- 3359144
TI  - Comparison of colonic reservoir and straight colo-anal reconstruction after
      rectal excision.
AB  - The clinical and physiological results in 13 patients having a colonic J
      reservoir-anal anastomosis (CR) and 15 consecutive patients having a straight
      colo-anal reconstruction (SC) have been compared. The groups were matched for
      age, sex, level of tumour and proximal and distal resection margins. The
      incidence of postoperative complications was similar in each group. The mean
      follow-up in CR patients was 7 +/- 4 months and 47 +/- 23 months in SC patients.
      Stool frequency per 24 h was less than or equal to 2 in all CR patients while it
      was greater than 2 in 40 per cent of the SC patients (P less than 0.05). Three CR
      patients and six SC patients had minor incontinence, all but one of the rest were
      fully continent. One patient had a major leak. There was no significant
      difference in mean resting anal voluntary contraction pressure in the two groups,
      with mean values within the normal range. The mean rectal sensitivity threshold
      volume in CR patients (83 +/- 30 ml) and SC patients (52 +/- 22 ml) was
      significantly different (P less than 0.05) as was the mean maximum tolerable
      volume (317 +/- 122 ml and 174 +/- 83 ml respectively, P less than 0.01). There
      was no significant difference in balloon expulsion testing, defaecating
      proctography or methyl cellulose evacuation in the two groups. The addition of a
      colonic reservoir appears to avoid the high stool frequency occurring in some
      patients after straight colo-anal anastomosis.

PMID- 3359146
TI  - Fulminant pseudomembranous colitis with left hemicolon and rectal sparing.

PMID- 3359145
TI  - Influence of proximal colostomy on the healing of a left colon anastomosis: an
      experimental study in the rat.
AB  - The healing of an experimental left colon anastomosis protected by a proximal
      diverting colostomy was studied in the rat. Collagen synthesis in the anastomotic
      area was measured by incorporation of [3H]proline. With a defunctioning proximal
      colostomy, the synthesis and accumulation of collagen in the anastomosis was
      diminished, and the anastomotic strength development delayed and reduced. The
      development of anastomotic strength seems to proceed according to the level of
      strain from intraluminal bulk. As the healing of the anastomosis protected by a
      diverting colostomy was uncomplicated, these findings should not contra-indicate
      the use of diverting colostomy.

PMID- 3359147
TI  - Growth-promoting action of gastrin on human colonic and gastric tumour cells
      cultured in vitro.
AB  - The gastrointestinal hormone, gastrin, was examined for its trophic effect on the
      growth of colorectal and gastric tumour cells. All of the freshly disaggregated
      colorectal and gastric human adenocarcinomas responded to pentagastrin in 24 h
      cultures in vitro. Two newly established adenocarcinoma cell lines showed a
      response to pentagastrin at passage 2 but not at passage 6. Long-established cell
      lines did not respond to pentagastrin; however, upon synchronization of the human
      gastric cell line, MKN45, a trophic growth response with gastrin-17 was observed.
      This response was enhanced when the same cell line was grown as a xenograft in
      nude mice and then examined in vitro for gastrin dependence; this dependence was
      gradually reduced on further in vitro passaging. These results indicate that
      trophic responses to gastrin are lost during in vitro culture and may be
      underestimated by using long-established tumour cell lines. However, as all of
      the early cultures of colorectal and gastric tumours respond trophically to
      gastrin, perhaps gastrin-receptor blockers may be an important therapeutic
      modality for these patients.

PMID- 3359148
TI  - The pulsed dye laser and atherosclerotic vascular disease.
AB  - The use of a pulsed dye laser to ablate atheromatous tissue obtained from post
      mortem human aortic specimens is reported. Laser energy was delivered with a 600
      micron quartz fibre, at a wavelength of 504 nm and a pulse length of 1
      microseconds. Pulse energy was varied from 30-140 mJ, producing peak pulse powers
      of the order of 100 kW. With these parameters the laser ablated fatty, fibrous
      and calcified plaques. At this wavelength atheroma is vaporized but there is
      minimal damage to normal vessel wall, due to preferential absorption of the laser
      light. Light microscopy shows that by microsecond pulsing, thermal damage to
      surrounding tissues associated with continuous wave lasers is avoided.
      Transmission electron micrographs reveal a sharp demarcation between a laser
      crater and the adjacent vessel wall with little ultrastructural disruption.
      Scanning electron micrographs show the crater walls to be smooth. The pulsed dye
      laser may therefore be effective in the treatment of occlusive peripheral
      vascular disease without undue risk of vessel perforation.

PMID- 3359149
TI  - Venous reflux: quantification and correlation with the clinical severity of
      chronic venous disease.
AB  - Air-plethysmography has been used to measure, in ml and in ml 100 ml-1 of tissue,
      the blood volume that filled the leg veins on changing posture from the recumbent
      position to standing. The venous filling index (VFI) (average filling range) was
      measured in ml s-1 and in ml 100 ml-1 min-1. We studied 24 normal legs (N), 21
      with primary varicose veins without chronic swelling, skin changes
      (liposclerosis, eczema, pigmentation) or ulceration (PVV) and 59 with chronic
      swelling and/or skin changes and/or ulceration; of these 59 legs, 31 had primary
      varicose veins (PVV/S) and 28 had popliteal reflux (PR). The classification was
      done according to clinical examination, Duplex scanning, ambulatory venous
      pressure measurements and venography. There was an increased incidence of
      sequelae with increasing values of VFI. The incidence of these sequelae was
      irrespective of whether reflux was in the deep or in the superficial veins. VFI
      is a practical non-invasive measurement of reflux. It should be used to study the
      effect of therapy and particularly to evaluate new reconstructive procedures
      designed to abolish reflux in the deep veins.

PMID- 3359150
TI  - Evaluation of peritoneal tube grafts in the inferior vena cava of the pig.
AB  - A tube graft 2.5 or 5 cm long, was constructed from the peritoneum of the
      anterior abdominal wall of 12 pigs. It was anastomosed end-to-end as an
      interposition graft in the infrarenal vena cava. The observation period was 4
      months. Three of the six short grafts were venographically patent at 2 weeks,
      while all the long grafts were occluded. After 4 months two short grafts had
      recanalized, giving a patency rate of five out of six short grafts. No long
      grafts recanalized. In three of the patent specimens no clear tissue changes were
      found with light microscopy, while in the others changes of inflammation and
      fibrosis were noted. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good
      'endothelialization' in two specimens, and partial 'endothelialization' in the
      others. No dilatation or severe stenosis of the patent grafts was seen. The
      occluded grafts remained only as a fibrous strand with sutures.

PMID- 3359151
TI  - Erosion of rectum by Tenckhoff catheter.

PMID- 3359152
TI  - Changes in plasma and buffy layer vitamin C following surgery.
AB  - Postoperative changes in plasma and buffy layer (BL) vitamin C were studied in
      107 patients receiving either 0 (37 patients), 100 mg (33 patients) or 500 mg (37
      patients) vitamin C supplements daily. In patients receiving no supplement plasma
      vitamin C concentrations had fallen (mean 33 per cent) by the first postoperative
      day and thereafter changed little. The falls occurred irrespective of initial
      plasma concentration, were greater the higher the initial concentration, but
      tended to be proportional to the length of operation. In patients given
      supplements this loss of vitamin C was evident but modified, and from the second
      postoperative day the response to the supplements was as would have been expected
      in non-operated subjects. The most probable explanation for the loss of vitamin C
      from plasma was an increased urinary excretion during operation. Changes in BL
      vitamin C concentrations were studied in relation to changes in leucocyte and
      platelet counts. The previously reported postoperative falls in BL vitamin C were
      found to be the result of a major artefact in the methods routinely used for BL
      vitamin C estimation, caused by changes in the leucocyte and platelet
      populations, most importantly the platelet to leucocyte ratio. No true demand for
      vitamin C, as measured from the buffy layer cells, was evident.

PMID- 3359153
TI  - Surgical care of patients over eighty: a predictable crisis at hand.
AB  - The number of people over the age of 80 in Britain will increase by around 30 per
      cent over the next 15 years. Little attention has been paid to the acute surgical
      services required to meet the surgical needs of this population. This study
      reviews 198 surgical admissions in 1 year of patients aged 80 years and over, of
      which 74.9 per cent were admitted as emergencies. The overall mortality was 10.1
      per cent of all admissions and 41 per cent of admissions were accompanied by at
      least one serious complication. Eighty-eight patients underwent surgery with an
      operative mortality of 11.3 per cent. In only 63.5 per cent of cases could the
      patient be discharged directly home. By 2001, in Oxford, the proportion of acute
      surgical beds occupied by patients aged over 80 will increase to 9.2 per cent
      from the present 7.0 per cent. Unless additional resources are provided to meet
      this extra demand for acute surgical care of the old, elective surgery for
      younger patients will inevitably be curtailed.

PMID- 3359154
TI  - Incisional hernia in re-opened abdominal incisions: an overlooked risk factor.
AB  - Many patients undergoing laparotomy will have had a previous incision in the
      abdominal wall which offers a convenient and logical route for reexploration.
      This study aims to examine the risk of subsequent incisional herniation in
      incisions made through previous scar tissue compared with incisions made through
      fresh tissues. Out of a total of 1022 laparotomies performed in a 5-year period
      on one surgical unit, the incisional hernia rates were available for assessment
      in 699 freshly made incisions, 142 reincisions and 36 incisional hernias. The
      incidence of incisional hernia was 6 per cent after freshly made incisions and
      this incidence was increased after both re-incision (12 per cent, P less than
      0.05) and incisional hernia repair (44 per cent, P less than 0.01). With the
      exception of jaundice, none of the other commonly accepted risk factors for
      incisional herniation were significantly increased in those patients with re
      incised wounds who subsequently developed a hernia, when compared with patients
      who did not develop a hernia. An increased risk of incisional herniation is
      present when laparotomy is performed through a previous abdominal incision.

PMID- 3359155
TI  - Consequences of blood loss on growth of artificial metastases.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that lung metastases from a nonimmunogenic sarcoma
      (LS175) in BN (homozygous for RTln) rats were stimulated by blood transfusions.
      Enhanced growth was also observed after abdominal surgery combined with
      allogeneic blood transfusions while syngeneic blood transfusions had no effect.
      These experimental findings have been confirmed in retrospective clinical
      studies. The allogeneic blood transfusion effect may be avoided in cancer
      patients by autologous blood transfusions although this implies blood donation
      before surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of
      blood loss before surgery on formation ('take') of lung colonies, and on the
      outgrowth of established metastases in the BN rat model. These aspects of tumour
      behaviour were also investigated in rats undergoing surgery, or receiving blood
      transfusion, or both, after blood loss. The results indicate that blood loss has
      a profound stimulating effect on the growth of established metastases, but not on
      the 'take' of tumour cells. This stimulating effect was also present when blood
      loss was combined with surgery, while previously surgery alone was found to have
      no effect. Allogeneic and syngeneic transfusions in combination with blood loss
      both had a strong stimulating effect on growth of established lung metastases.
      The results indicate that blood loss may be an important factor in determining
      the outcome of metastatic growth.

PMID- 3359156
TI  - Operative treatment of median cervical cysts.
AB  - Median cervical cysts are congenital anomalies arising from remaining
      thyroglossal duct epithelium. A major problem in the surgical treatment of these
      cysts is the high frequency of recurrence. Embryonic considerations indicate an
      important causal role for the hyoid bone in these recurrences. We studied the
      relationship between operative techniques and the number of recurrences in 36
      patients treated in our hospital. Fourteen patients sent from other hospitals had
      a recurrent fistula; in thirteen cases the hyoid bone was still in place. All
      patients who had the central part of the hyoid bone excised were cured. In 14
      patients without adequate excisions of the hyoid bone we found four recurrences.
      To prevent recurrence a total excision of thyroglossal duct epithelium is
      necessary.

PMID- 3359157
TI  - Abnormal connecting duct between the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

PMID- 3359158
TI  - Traumatic disruption of the gallbladder evaluated by computerized tomography and
      magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3359159
TI  - The Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Newcastle upon Tyne,
      26-27 November 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3359160
TI  - Outlet obstruction.

PMID- 3359161
TI  - Surgical research in training.

PMID- 3359162
TI  - Oesophagectomy for carcinoma.

PMID- 3359163
TI  - Below-knee amputations.

PMID- 3359164
TI  - Pre-operative albendazole therapy and hydatid cysts.

PMID- 3359165
TI  - Intraperitoneal calcium for resistant symptomatic hypocalcaemia after
      parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3359166
TI  - Psychiatric illness among British Afro-Caribbeans.

PMID- 3359167
TI  - Converging evidence for multiple genetic forms of reading disability.

PMID- 3359168
TI  - Algorithmic and heuristic processes revisited.

PMID- 3359169
TI  - Neural mechanisms underlying stuttering: evidence from bimanual handwriting
      performance.
AB  - Left- and right-handed male and female stutterers were compared with fluent
      speakers on a bimanual handwriting task. On each trial four words were read to
      the subject. After repeating the words, subjects had to write the initial letters
      as quickly as possible using the two hands simultaneously and without visual
      guidance. As a group, stutterers were slower, made more mirror-reversed letters,
      and formed letters of poorer quality than fluent speakers. The effects were the
      same for males and females, and the data for left- and right-handers were mirror
      symmetric with respect to left and right hands. Evidence was found for two
      subgroups of stutterers with respect to scores on the dependent variables. It was
      suggested that the overall pattern of results implicates the supplementary motor
      area in the mediation of stuttering, possibly through relatively ungated callosal
      pathways.

PMID- 3359170
TI  - Right-hemisphere responses from preschool children to temporal cues to speech and
      nonspeech materials: electrophysiological correlates.
AB  - Auditory-evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from scalp electrodes placed over
      the left and right temporal hemisphere regions of 12 preschool children while
      they listened to a series of velar stop consonants which varied in voice onset
      time (VOT) and to two-formant tone stimuli with temporal lags comparable to the
      speech materials. A late occurring negative peak (N400) in the right hemisphere
      AERs discriminated between both the speech and nonspeech materials in a
      categorical-like manner. Sex-related hemisphere differences were also noted in
      response to the two different stimulus types. These results replicate earlier
      work with speech materials and suggest that temporal delays for both speech and
      nonspeech auditory materials are processed in the right hemisphere.

PMID- 3359171
TI  - Electrophysiological manifestations of typicality judgment.
AB  - Ten male subjects participated in an event-related potential study of typicality
      judgment of words that were of either high or low frequency of usage. The
      amplitude of a negative wave with an average peak latency of 490 msec (N400)
      correlated with the goodness-of-fit of a word to a particular category
      independent of frequency, with poor examples of the category evoking a
      significantly more negative waveform. The relative insensitivity of the N400 to
      word frequency suggests that the N400 reflects some postlexical evaluation rather
      than lexical access.

PMID- 3359172
TI  - Agrammatism in sentence production without comprehension deficits: reduced
      availability of syntactic structures and/or of grammatical morphemes? A case
      study.
AB  - A French-speaking patient with Broca's aphasia--following a left-hemisphere
      lesion involving the sylvian region but sparing Broca's area--is presented. Like
      G. Miceli, A. Mazzuchi, L. Menn, and H. Goodglass's (1983, Brain and Language,
      19, 65-97) case 2, this patient produces agrammatic speech in the absence of any
      comprehension deficit. Unlike Miceli's patient, though, agrammatic speech can be
      observed in all sentence production tasks (from spontaneous speech to repetition,
      oral reading, and writing) whereas production of individual words--be they open
      class or closed class--is almost always intact. On the basis of extensive
      (psycho)linguistic testing, it is argued that this patient's deficit is not
      central and not crucially syntactic (at least) at the level of knowledge but
      seems to disrupt specifically those (automatic?) processes responsible for both
      retrieval and production of free-standing grammatical morphemes whenever they
      have to be inserted into phrases and sentences.

PMID- 3359173
TI  - On the preservation of word order in aphasia: cross-linguistic evidence.
AB  - Studies of language production in English-speaking aphasics (both fluent and
      nonfluent) generally lead to the conclusion that word order is preserved to a
      much greater degree than grammatical morphology and/or lexical retrieval.
      However, because word order is rigidly preserved even in normal English speech,
      this pattern might reflect nothing more than "the weak link in the chain." Using
      a constrained production paradigm, we provide evidence showing that canonical
      sentence order is well preserved in both fluent and nonfluent patients, in
      Italian and German (languages that permit much more pragmatic word-order
      variation) as well as English. Patients also retain the ability to order nouns
      around a preposition, and among Italian patients, access to a high-frequency form
      of pragmatic word-order variation is also retained. Syntactic difficulties seem
      to revolve not around loss of ordering principles, but (1) reduction in syntactic
      complexity, (2) overuse of canonical word order as a "safe harbor," (3) blend
      errors in which a form appears in legal but semantically incorrect position, and
      (4) abandonment of the effort to produce a complete sentence under stressful
      conditions. We offer a redefinition of syntactic impairment as a problem in the
      access of phrase structure types, resulting in a preference for higher frequency
      forms. Parallels between lexical retrieval and phrase structure retrieval suggest
      that similar mechanisms may be at work in both cases.

PMID- 3359174
TI  - Hemispheric differences in case processing.
AB  - Morphosyntactic capacities of normal brain hemispheres were compared in lexical
      decision studies involving centrally and laterally presented Serbo-Croatian nouns
      in different cases. Cases are distinguished by different suffixes and syntactic
      roles. Experiment 1 confirmed and extended previous findings of the nominative
      superiority effect: words in the nominative case were processed faster and more
      accurately than words in other three cases, and nonwords in the nominative case
      led to more false positive reactions than nonwords in other cases. In Experiment
      2 this effect was replicated for right visual field stimuli: nominatives had
      faster reaction times and smaller error rates than accusatives, and the reversed
      pattern was found for nonwords. For left visual field stimuli, only the word
      error analysis found the nominative superior, while the other three analyses
      (word reaction times, nonword reaction times, and nonword error rates) showed no
      significant case effect. Word familiarity had an equally strong effect in both
      hemispheres. The results suggest that centrally presented stimuli are processed
      by the left hemisphere, that laterally presented stimuli are processed by the
      initially receiving hemisphere, and that the right hemisphere has a frequency
      sensitive lexicon. Reduced right-hemisphere sensitivity for case differences may
      be due to different lexicon structure or the absence of appropriate morphological
      or syntactic mechanisms.

PMID- 3359175
TI  - When is enough, enough? A comment on Grodzinsky and Marek's "Algorithmic and
      heuristic processes revisited".
AB  - In this comment I argue that although Y. Grodzinsky & A. Marek's (1983, Brain and
      Language, 33, 216-225) criticism of the conclusions reached by A. Caramazza and
      E. B. Zurif (1976, Brain and Language, 3, 572-582) in their paper on
      comprehension disorders in so-called agrammatic patients is not entirely without
      technical merit, its impact on the claims made by Caramazza and Zurif is
      inconsequential. I show that there are deeper theoretical and methodological
      reasons which undermine the claims made by Caramazza and Zurif and the only
      superficially different proposal of Grodzinsky and Marek.

PMID- 3359176
TI  - Intracranial dialysis measurement of oxytocin, monoamine and uric acid release
      from the olfactory bulb and substantia nigra of sheep during parturition,
      suckling, separation from lambs and eating.
AB  - Intracranial dialysis was used to measure the release of oxytocin (OXY),
      monoamines and their metabolites and uric acid (UA) from the substantia nigra
      (SN) and olfactory bulb (OB) of sheep during parturition, suckling, separation
      from lambs and eating. Results showed that OXY concentrations increased
      significantly during parturition, suckling and eating in the SN and during
      parturition and suckling in the OB. Concentrations of dopamine (DA) increased
      significantly in the SN during suckling and eating and in the OB during
      parturition and suckling. The dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, also
      increased significantly in the SN during parturition. Concentrations of the
      noradrenaline metabolite, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethan-1,2-diol (MHPG) and the
      purine metabolite, UA, were significantly raised during parturition, suckling and
      separation from the lambs in the SN and increased UA levels were also found
      during eating. In a separate experiment it was confirmed that OXY was detectable
      in homogenates of both the SN and the OB. These results show that, in the sheep,
      OXY and DA release in the SN is associated with maternal and ingestive behaviour
      whereas similar release in the OB may only be related to maternal behaviour.
      Release of MHPG in the SN may be associated with maternal behaviour and/or
      stress.

PMID- 3359177
TI  - Enhancement of neurotrophic activity in cholinergic cells by hippocampal extract
      prepared from colchicine-lesioned rats.
AB  - The effect of hippocampal extract on neurotrophic activity for cultured
      cholinergic cells was determined. Extract prepared from lesioned hippocampus
      caused by intrahippocampal infusion of colchicine promoted neuron survival of
      chick ciliary ganglion cells. The maximal level of survival-promoting activity
      was reached at 12 days postlesion. The biochemical differentiation of NG108-15
      cells was assessed by measuring the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT).
      After 3 days in culture, hippocampal extract was found to stimulate ChAT activity
      in a concentration-dependent manner. Hippocampal extract prepared after
      colchicine lesions elicited a large increase in ChAT-enhancing activity. The
      effect of hippocampal extract was additive to that of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db
      cAMP). The neurite outgrowth from NG108-15 cells was also potentiated when cells
      were cultured with hippocampal extract plus db-cAMP. The results suggest that one
      or several factors in colchicine-lesioned hippocampus promote neurotrophic
      activity, and the enhancing effect of hippocampal extract on cellular
      differentiation may act, at least in part, through a mechanism distinct from that
      for db-cAMP.

PMID- 3359178
TI  - Acetylcholine dramatically increases prostanoid synthesis in piglet parietal
      cortex.
AB  - We investigated effects of exogenous acetylcholine on prostanoid synthesis by
      parietal cortex in neonatal pigs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with no drug, and CSF
      containing acetylcholine at 10(-6) to 10(-3) M was injected under a 'closed'
      cranial window, and after 5 min the CSF was collected and analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay for prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha
      (the hydrolysis product of prostacyclin), and thromboxane (TX) B2 (the hydrolysis
      product of TXA2). PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were the predominant prostanoids in CSF
      under control conditions. Levels of all CSF prostanoids increased after topical
      application of acetylcholine, with the largest increases being for PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha. During control conditions, levels were 1294 +/- 170 (mean +/- S.E.M.)
      pg/ml for PGE2 (n = 16), 1032 +/- 143 pg/ml for PGF2 alpha (n = 3), 659 +/- 92
      pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (n = 15), 141 +/- 44 pg/ml for TXB2 (n = 12), and
      were below detectable levels for PGD2. Following application of 10(-3) M
      acetylcholine, levels were 34,535 +/- 5438 pg/ml for PGE2, 15,539 +/- 2772 pg/ml
      for PGF2 alpha, 2967 +/- 547 pg/ml for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, 580 +/- 105 pg/ml for
      TXB2, and 556 +/- 221 pg/ml for PGD2. These results suggest that prostanoids
      could play a role in mediating effects of acetylcholine in the brain, or in
      modulating acetylcholine release via a negative feedback mechanism.

PMID- 3359179
TI  - Methylmercury-induced movement and postural disorders in developing rat: regional
      analysis of brain catecholamines and indoleamines.
AB  - Subcutaneous administration of methylmercury (MeHg) to rats during early
      postnatal development resulted in movement and postural disorders by day 22-24.
      Tissue concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and
      selected metabolites were measured in the cerebral cortex, spinal cord and
      caudate-putamen at the onset of neurological impairment and at two subclinical
      stages of toxicity. In the cerebral cortex there was a significant increase in
      tissue concentrations of 5-HT (54-81%) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA, 133
      178%) at the onset of neurological impairment. Similar increases were detected in
      the spinal cord for 5-HT (19-43%) and HIAA (98-123%) as well as an increase in
      the concentration of NE (42-51%). In the caudate-putamen there were significant
      increases in the concentrations of NE (98-116%), HIAA (108-124%) and DA (28-29%)
      with a significant decrease in the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid (DOPAC, 20-27%); however, tissue levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) did not
      change significantly. Many of these changes were detected at subclinical stages
      of MeHg toxicity. The ratio of HIAA/5-HT, which is frequently used as an estimate
      of turnover for 5-HT, was significantly increased in all 3 tissues at the onset
      of neurological impairment (38-94%) and at one subclinical stage (47-114%). The
      ratio of (DOPAC + HVA)/DA was significantly decreased in caudate-putamen at all 3
      stages of toxicity (18-40%). These changes indicate altered metabolism in
      aromatic amine systems in the developing central nervous system during the
      pathogenesis of MeHg-induced movement and postural disorder.

PMID- 3359180
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunoreactivity in mouse and rat first
      somatosensory (SI) cortex: description and comparison.
AB  - The location and morphological characteristics of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      immunopositive cells and their processes were studied in rat and mouse first
      somatosensory (SI) cortex (including 'barrels') in layer IV, and layers above (I
      III), and below (V and VI). In coronal sections of SI cortex of both species GABA
      immunopositive cells and punctate profiles were found in each of layers I-VI. The
      cells were of various sizes; the largest, located in layers III and V of each
      species, resemble the large basket cells seen in Golgi-impregnated material. Most
      of the immunopositive cells were multipolar and circular or ellipsoidal in shape,
      but occasionally bipolar cells with fusiform perikarya were also seen. In coronal
      sections, immunopositive cells did not form a characteristic pattern. GABA
      immunopositive cells were observed to be most numerous in the supragranular
      layers whereas GABA-positive punctate profiles were more numerous in layer IV. In
      tangential sections from layer IV of SI cortex of both species, GABA
      immunopositive cells, processes and punctate profiles were visible throughout the
      entire barrel field. The pattern of distribution of immunopositive cells was
      similar (a) in two different morphological groups--i.e. the posteromedial barrel
      subfield (PMBSF) and the anterolateral barrel subfield (ALBSF) in rat barrel
      field, and (b) in PMBSF barrels of both rat and mouse (excluding differences due
      to structural dissimilarities between rat and mouse barrels). GABA-immunopositive
      neurons were grouped mainly in the barrel side and septum and were visible
      frequently in small clusters. In barrels of both species GABA-immunopositive
      cells were of a variety of sizes and ranged in shape from ellipsoidal to
      circular.

PMID- 3359181
TI  - Colony-forming ectopic granule cells in the cerebellar primary fissure of normal
      adult rats: a morphologic and morphometric study.
AB  - The morphology and degree of maturation of intrafissural colony-forming ectopic
      granule cells (EGCs) were investigated in the cerebella of normal adult rats.
      These EGCs exhibit a notable degree of morphological maturity, with 2-5 short
      dendrites radiating from a globular soma, typical dendritic claw-like terminals
      and descending axons. The EGCs receive the afferent input of mossy fiber
      terminals and their axons also establish homologous synapses with the
      postsynaptic dendritic spines of the Purkinje cells. Although these EGCs exhibit
      the typical morphology of mature granule cells, the morphometric analysis shows,
      however, a significant reduction in the number of dendrites (mean 3.30 +/- 0.60)
      and 'claws' (mean 3.66 +/- 0.12) in the EGCs with respect to the controls (mean
      3.85 +/- 0.73 and 4.53 +/- 0.13, respectively). These differences may be
      indicative of a slight numerical mismatching between EGCs and afferent mossy
      fibers, which limit the input that the ectopic neurons receive. The karyometric
      study also showed that the average nuclear area in EGCs was significantly smaller
      (mean 19.38 +/- 0.24 micron2) than in controls (mean 21.88 +/- 0.24 micron2),
      suggesting a positive correlation between nuclear size and the number of
      postsynaptic dendritic terminals available in the granule cells. The influence of
      some morphogenetic factors on the degree of maturity attained by these ectopic
      neurons is discussed, particularly the interactions of mossy fibers and
      astrocytes with maturing EGCs.

PMID- 3359182
TI  - Comparison of cerebellar intention tremor under isotonic and isometric
      conditions.
AB  - The characteristics of cerebellar intention tremor were investigated by comparing
      the properties of tremor following movements about the elbow with that following
      isometric contractions of biceps and triceps brachii. Cerebellar dysfunction was
      produced by local, reversible cooling of the dentate and interposed nuclei in
      three Cebus monkeys. Cerebellar nuclear cooling disrupted isometric contractions
      to the aimed target and produced oscillations in torque. Whereas the cerebellar
      tremor that followed movements was regular and had a frequency of 3-5 Hz, the
      oscillations in the isometric task were irregular and were often of a lower
      frequency. In addition, cycles of tremor following movements were in phase from
      trial to trial, while the oscillations that occurred following isometric
      contractions did not show this phase-relationship. It is concluded that a
      cerebellar tremor can occur in an isometric situation but that movement about a
      joint is required for development of a rhythmic 3-5-Hz cerebellar intention
      tremor.

PMID- 3359183
TI  - Central respiratory oscillator: phase-response analysis.
AB  - To investigate properties of the central respiratory oscillator, phrenic nerve
      activity, perturbed by electrical stimulation of the middle external intercostal
      nerve, was analyzed in rabbit by using a phase-response curve (PRC). During
      inspiration, the stimuli (4-8 pulses) caused all-or-none responses, i.e. a phase
      advance or no phase shift, and strong stimuli (10 pulses) induced only phase
      advances. During expiration only graded phase delays were observed. The overall
      slope of PRC was 0 for 2 pulses and 1 for 10 pulses. At the transition from
      expiration (E) to inspiration (I), the PRC was discontinuous. This discontinuity
      corresponds to a phase singularity. In contrast, at the transition from I to E,
      the PRC was continuous. Therefore, our findings indicate that E-I switching may
      differ from I-E switching in nature. The respiratory rhythm could not be stopped
      by perturbation at the phase singularity as predicted from the PRCs. Similarities
      between the reported PRCs, obtained by inhibitory stimulation of an endogenous
      bursting neuron and the PRCs in the present study, suggest a possibility that
      endogenous bursting neurons take part in the function of a mammalian central
      respiratory oscillator.

PMID- 3359184
TI  - Responses of lamb nucleus of the solitary tract neurons to chemical stimulation
      of the epiglottis.
AB  - Previous research has shown that applications of chemical stimuli to the
      epiglottis produced distinct patterns of activity in the lamb superior laryngeal
      nerve. To determine the response characteristics of second-order neurons, we
      recorded from single cells in the lamb nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) while
      stimulating the epiglottis with 0.5 M KCl, NH4Cl, NaCl, LiCl, distilled water,
      0.005 M citric acid and 0.01 N HCl. Most neurons responded to more than one of
      the chemical solutions. The order of effective stimuli was KCl = NH4Cl greater
      than distilled water greater than HCl greater than citric acid greater than NaCl
      greater than LiCl. An analysis of the variation in response frequency over time
      found that different chemical stimuli produced significantly different response
      patterns in NST neurons. A comparison of the mean neural response profiles of NST
      neurons and superior laryngeal nerve fibers for each of the stimuli found that
      only the response profiles elicited by NH4Cl were significantly different. In
      addition to their responses to chemical solutions, almost one-third of the NST
      neurons responded to the rinse following application of at least some of the
      stimuli and 80% of the neurons were excited by mechanical stimulation of the
      epiglottis with a soft brush. Also, a small number of neurons exhibited a
      rhythmic response coordinated with respiration. The majority of recording sites
      were located in areas of the NST linked to swallowing and respiration suggesting
      that the response patterns of NST neurons elicited by chemical stimulation of
      receptors on the epiglottis may play a role in upper airway reflexes.

PMID- 3359185
TI  - A critical period for long-term potentiation in the developing rat visual cortex.
AB  - The in vitro rodent visual cortical slice preparation demonstrates a critical
      period for long-term potentiation (LTP). Current source density (CSD) analysis
      reveals peak potentiation of both supra-(layers II-III) and infragranular (layers
      V) layers of visual cortex during the second postnatal week following stimulation
      of the subadjacent white matter. By day 30 both the supra- and infragranular CSD
      sinks show only minimal potentiation. In adults there is no change in
      supragranular response but infragranular layers reveal 177% potentiation.
      Therefore, we conclude that rodent visual cortex displays a critical period for
      maximum plasticity of both supra and infra-granular layers. Supragranular visual
      cortex plasticity ends by day 30 whereas infragranular layers retain plastic
      qualities into adulthood.

PMID- 3359186
TI  - Fine structure of NPY-containing neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and
      their terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat.
AB  - Fine structures of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya in
      the lateral geniculate nucleus and their terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
      were investigated by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry using male
      Wistar rats. NPY-like immunoreactive preterminal axons form both axo-somatic and
      axo-dendritic synapses on the neurons mainly located in the ventral portion of
      the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Almost all of them appeared as symmetrical synapses.
      Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya in the lateral geniculate nucleus show good
      development of cell organelles such as rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and
      mitochondria. NPY-like immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the perikarya.
      The functional role of NPY-like immunoreactive terminals in the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus were briefly discussed.

PMID- 3359187
TI  - kappa-Bungarotoxin: binding of a neuronal nicotinic receptor antagonist to chick
      optic lobe and skeletal muscle.
AB  - kappa-Bungarotoxin, a snake venom kappa-neurotoxin, is a potent neuronal
      nicotinic receptor antagonist. kappa-Neurotoxins are structurally related to the
      long-type alpha-neurotoxins (including alpha-bungarotoxin), which often fail to
      block neuronal nicotinic transmission, but which are potent antagonists of
      nicotinic receptors found on vertebrate skeletal muscle. The binding of kappa
      bungarotoxin has now been examined in homogenates of chick skeletal muscle and
      optic lobe. In muscle, kappa-bungarotoxin binds to nicotinic receptors with 200
      fold lower affinity than does alpha-bungarotoxin. The weakest known alpha
      neurotoxin, L.s. III, is found to be 6.5-fold more potent than kappa
      bungarotoxin. These findings support the conclusion that kappa-neurotoxins are
      selective for neuronal nicotinic receptors. In the optic lobe, 125I-alpha
      bungarotoxin and 125I-L.s. III. A second nicotinic site, detected with high
      affinity by both alpha-neurotoxins, is only weakly bound by kappa-bungarotoxin.
      No evidence for a unique 125I-kappa-neurotoxin site is observed. Furthermore,
      kappa-bungarotoxin does not recognize the high affinity L-[3H]nicotine binding
      site in chick optic lobe which is distinct from the alpha-neurotoxin binding
      sites. Three subtypes of nicotinic sites can thus be defined in chick optic lobe,
      although which of these subtypes is involved in nicotinic transmission in the
      lobe remains to be conclusively determined.

PMID- 3359189
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on identified rat
      nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) exists in a subpopulation of midbrain
      dopaminergic (DA) neurons and has been shown to affect the activity of
      unidentified DA cells. This study describes the effects of the sulfated (CCK-8S)
      and unsulfated (CCK-8US) peptides (8 micrograms/kg, i.v.) on the ability of
      apomorphine to inhibit the firing rate of nigrostriatal DA cells identified by
      antidromic activation from the caudate nucleus of anesthetized rats. CCK-8S
      excited 9/25 DA cells while CCK-8US was without effect on firing rate (n = 9).
      CCK-8S pretreatment resulted in complex changes in the sensitivity of
      nigrostriatal DA cells to apomorphine which were related to whether an initial
      excitatory response was elicited by CCK-8S. CCK-8US did not alter apomorphine
      sensitivity. These results suggest that CCK-8S can exert modulatory effects on DA
      cells independent of a direct excitatory action. The effect of acute CCK-8
      injection on the number of spontaneously active DA cells in stereotaxically
      defined regions of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area was also
      determined. CCK-8S doubled the number of active cells in these areas; CCK-8US did
      not alter the population activities.

PMID- 3359188
TI  - Methylprednisolone reduces the bulk flow of water across an in vitro blood-brain
      barrier.
AB  - Cerebral water content is a variable quantity subject to the influence of
      hemodynamic and biochemical factors. Corticosteroids are frequently used in the
      therapy of cerebral edema, although their mechanisms of action in promoting the
      resolution of this state of pathologically increased water content remains
      unclear. To investigate this, a modified Ussing chamber was designed. The bulk
      flow of media (mainly composed of water) across a monolayer of cultured mouse
      cerebral endothelia was measured as a control. The same membranes were then
      exposed to either micromolar concentrations of hydrocortisone or
      methylprednisolone. The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of each membrane before and
      after exposure to the corticosteroids was calculated as a reflection of membrane
      tightness. Methyl-prednisolone decreased the Lp of the membrane (i.e. tightened)
      by 36.1% compared to control. Hydrocortisone actually increased Lp (i.e. loosened
      the membrane) but not to a significant extent. The decrease in the bulk flow
      caused by methylprednisolone in vitro suggests that the mechanism of the
      clinically observed decrease in cerebral edema after corticosteroid
      administration may be due to the reduction of bulk flow across the blood-brain
      barrier.

PMID- 3359190
TI  - Effects of behaviorally rewarding hypothalamic electrical stimulation on
      intracellularly recorded neuronal activity in the motor cortex of awake monkeys.
AB  - Effects of hypothalamic stimulation (HS) were studied in intracellular recordings
      obtained from 125 neurons of the motor cortex (MC). HS that was effective in
      reinforcing bar-press behavior, i.e. satisfactory for intracranial self
      stimulation (ICSS), evoked short-latency (less than 3 ms) activation of these
      cortical neurons more frequently (42% of cells tested) than did HS that was
      ineffective in reinforcing bar-press behavior (7% of cells tested). Longer
      latency activation (greater than 3 ms) and inhibition (of variable onset) also
      occurred, but their incidence was not significantly different when HS was
      effective or ineffective in producing ICSS. Effects of HS that was effective in
      producing ICSS were also examined in 23 cells in which the spikes were followed
      by afterhyperpolarization (AHP) of 1.4-10 mV amplitude and 1.7-54 ms duration.
      The amplitudes of AHPs of greater than 8 ms duration were reduced after
      presentations of HSs that were effective as a reinforcer for ICSS. These results
      suggest that: (1) MC neurons receive reward-related hypothalamic information
      through pathways sufficiently direct to produce short-latency activation; and (2)
      a modulation of spike afterhyperpolarization can be observed in conjunction with
      reception of this information.

PMID- 3359191
TI  - Effects of square-wave gratings and diffuse light on metabolic activity in the
      rat visual system.
AB  - The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique was used to determine the effects of pattern
      and diffuse light stimulation on glucose metabolism with hooded rats. Rats placed
      in a stimulation chamber covered with horizontal and vertical square wave
      gratings while wearing goggles with one of three pairings of light-occluding,
      diffusing, or clear lenses, allowed the assessment of the effects of different
      but simultaneous visual conditions on two sides of the strongly crossed visual
      system. Eyes covered with occluding lenses were lid-sutured shut 24 h before 2
      DG. In order to assess the possibly confounding effects of this lid suture a
      second group of rats had one eyelid sutured for 24 h, and the other covered with
      an occluding lens for 20 min, before 2-DG. To further assess the effects of
      diffuse light a third group of rats was tested in a featureless white box with
      one eye occluded and the other covered by a diffusing lens. Exposure to pattern
      stimulation significantly increased metabolic activity in the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus (LGNd), lateral posterior nucleus (LPN), superior colliculus
      (SC), and in visual cortex (VC). In contrast, diffuse light only slightly
      elevated LGNd activity and appeared to have little or no effect in the LPN or VC.
      Diffuse light, however, was as effective as patterned light in increasing ventral
      lateral geniculate nucleus activity and strongly suppressed SC activity to a
      level well below that produced by darkness. Evidently diffuse light, not just
      patterned light, can significantly govern the operation of central nervous system
      visual structures.

PMID- 3359192
TI  - Lesions of the AV3V region attenuate sympathetic activation but not the
      hypertension elicited by destruction of the nucleus tractus solitarius.
AB  - Previous studies have implicated a functionally defined area of the forebrain,
      the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region as being involved in the
      regulation of blood pressure and required for the expression of neurogenic
      hypertension. The present study re-examined the effect of AV3V lesion on
      hypertension caused by the destruction of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS),
      focussing on whether ablation of the AV3V region altered either the
      sympathoadrenal or vasopressin (VP) components of NTS hypertension. Bilateral
      electrolytic lesions of the NTS elicited acute severe hypertension in conscious,
      freely moving rats whether or not the animals had received AV3V or Sham lesions
      14 days previously. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured 45 min following NTS
      lesion was 157 +/- 6 mm Hg in AV3V + NTS lesioned rats and 161 +/- 7 mm Hg in
      SHAM + NTS lesioned rats. Plasma VP levels were similarly elevated in the two
      groups of NTS lesioned animals, and the contribution of VP to the hypertensive
      response (as assessed by the decrease in arterial pressure in response to a VP
      pressor antagonist) was the same in both groups. In contrast, NTS lesion appeared
      to produce a lesser degree of sympathetic nervous system activation in AV3V
      lesioned rats, as evidenced by a substantially smaller increase in plasma
      norepinephrine (NE) levels. These results demonstrate that AV3V lesions do not
      attenuate or prevent NTS hypertension. However, AV3V lesions do appear to
      attenuate the sympathoadrenal activation caused by NTS lesions.

PMID- 3359193
TI  - Ultrastructural study on meningeal regeneration and meningo-glial relationships
      after cerebral stab wound in the adult rat.
AB  - Meningeal regeneration and meninges-glial relationships during the reparation of
      an experimental brain stab wound, are studied with the electron microscope. At 14
      days after the wound, a continuous newly formed basal lamina separates both
      nervous and meningeal tissues. Later, the astroglial processes of regenerated
      glia limitans showed very infolded surfaces and numerous filaments inside of
      them. Across the cavity left by the wound, filament-rich astroglial processes,
      forming bundles or glial cords of variable diameter, were seen. Each glial cord
      was surrounded by a basal lamina covered on the outside by a discontinuous sheet
      of meningocytic processes. Although regenerated meningocytes displayed
      interlacing processes forming a loose reticular network, large cellular
      meningocyte masses were also found.

PMID- 3359194
TI  - The inhibitory effect of somatic inputs on the excitatory responses of vagal
      cardiomotor neurones to stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius in rabbits.
AB  - Experiments were done in 41 rabbits anaesthetized with urethane and chloralose,
      paralyzed with Flaxedil and ventilated artificially. Extracellular recordings of
      142 units were made in the dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) and the nucleus ambiguus
      (NA), identified by antidromic response to stimulation of the cervical vagus
      nerve. In total 63.5% of them exhibited spontaneous activity and 22 units (17 in
      DVN and 5 in NA) showed a cardiac rhythm; their antidromic conduction velocity
      was 3.7-12.5 m/s, which suggests their having axons in the range of B fibres.
      These neurones were classified as vagal cardiomotor neurones. A total of 16 DVN
      and 4 NA vagal cardiomotor neurones were excited orthodromically by electrical
      stimulation of the contralateral nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Electrical
      stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) with low intensity or the deep
      peroneal nerve (DP) with high intensity which activated C fibres inhibited
      excitatory responses of 16 neurones (14 in DVN and 2 in NA). The other 4 neurones
      were unaffected by SP inputs. These results provide electrophysiological evidence
      for the inhibitory effect of somatic inputs on the evoked discharges of vagal
      cardiomotor neurones in the DVN and the NA.

PMID- 3359195
TI  - Neurotransmitter receptors in the avian brain. II. Muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors.
AB  - The characteristics and distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors were
      examined in the pigeon brain using in vitro receptor autoradiography. The
      antagonist N-[3H]methylscopolamine was used as ligand and the presence of the
      putative subtypes M1 and M2 of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors examined
      using carbachol and pirenzepine as displacers. The highest densities of
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the pigeon brain were localized in the
      paleostriatum augmentatum and the lobus parolfactorius, areas homologous to the
      mammalian corpus striatum. In contrast, the paleostriatum primitivum,
      corresponding to the mammalian globus pallidus, was poor in muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors. The rest of the telencephalon was also rich in muscarinic
      cholinergic receptors, while thalamic, hypothalamic and brainstem areas, as well
      as the tectum, presented intermediate densities, similar to the mammalian brain.
      Exceptions to that were the hippocampus, which was poorly labeled in the bird
      brain and the cerebellum, which presented intermediate to high densities of
      muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the bird brain. Preliminary pharmacological
      studies suggest differences between avian and mammalian receptor subtypes, since
      carbachol and pirenzepine apparently did not recognize two different receptor
      subpopulations.

PMID- 3359196
TI  - Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is induced preferentially on the
      positive phase of theta-rhythm.
AB  - Long-term potentiation (LTP), a long lasting enhancement of synaptic efficacy is
      considered a model for learning and memory. In anesthetized rats, theta-rhythm
      was induced in the dentate gyrus by midbrain stimulation. Short trains of pulses
      were applied to the perforant pathway either at the peak of theta-rhythm or its
      trough. Trains applied at the peak of theta-rhythm induced LTP while trains
      applied at the trough produced a decrease of synaptic efficacy or had no effect.
      Thus, theta-rhythm may play a modulating role in the induction of LTP, suggesting
      a possible mnemonic function for the rhythm during the behaviors in which it
      occurs.

PMID- 3359197
TI  - Reduction of activities of superoxide dismutase but not of glutathione peroxidase
      in rat brain regions following decapitation ischemia.
AB  - Effects of complete ischemia on levels of antioxidative enzymes including copper
      zinc (CuZn) superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese (Mn)-SOD, and glutathione
      peroxidase (GSH-Px) were studied in rat brain regions at 30 and 60 min following
      decapitation. CuZn-SOD activities were significantly decreased in cerebral cortex
      and hippocampus at both time points whereas the enzyme activities were decreased
      at 60 min in cerebellum and caudate areas. The reduction of Mn-SOD activities
      followed the same pattern of CuZn-SOD in various brain regions. However, GSH-Px
      activities in these brain regions were not affected by decapitation ischemia.
      These data suggest that the reduction of CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities during
      ischemia, in conjunction with the significant decrease in the contents of alpha
      tocopherol and other endogenous antioxidants, may compromise the brain's ability
      to defend against the toxic effects of superoxide radicals formed by ischemia and
      by subsequent reoxygenation.

PMID- 3359198
TI  - Method for stable intracellular recordings of spinal alpha-motoneurons during
      treadmill walking in awake, intact cats.
AB  - A method is described for recording from spinal alpha-motoneurons, which are
      identified according to muscle innervated, with an intracellular microelectrode
      during treadmill walking in awake, normally respiring, intact, adult cats. The
      procedure involves the implantation of an orthopedic-style spinal unit, the
      training of the subject to locomote on the treadmill with the lumbar region
      restrained, and the micropipette recording of motoneurons through a small
      laminotomy.

PMID- 3359199
TI  - Long-lasting neuronal activity in rat dorsal horn evoked by impulses in cutaneous
      C fibres during noxious mechanical stimulation.
AB  - The responses of 44 nociceptive neurones in the lumbar dorsal horn evoked by
      controlled mechanical stimulation of the skin, with or without conduction block
      in myelinated afferent fibres, were studied in the halothane-anaesthetized rat,
      in order to evaluate the effects of impulses in cutaneous nociceptive C fibres on
      dorsal horn neurones. Continuous non-noxious pinch of the skin evoked a short
      latency discharge (mean latency 15 ms) in all the 13 class 2 neurones (i.e.
      neurones responding to both non-noxious and noxious stimulation of the skin)
      tested. The short-latency discharge was followed by weak prolonged activity in 6
      neurones. Following noxious pinch of the skin a prominent late discharge (peak
      latency 150 ms-2 s) was evoked, which in all but two class 2 neurones outlasted
      the stimulation period (5-10 s). The discharge evoked by noxious pinch in class 3
      neurones (i.e. neurones responding to noxious stimulation only) did not usually
      outlast the stimulation period. In all but two nociceptive neurones tested (n =
      26) the late activity evoked by noxious pinch remained, albeit at a lower
      frequency in some neurones, during a conduction block in A fibres2,3. Hence this
      late discharge is probably mainly generated by impulses in nociceptive C fibers.
      It is concluded that nociceptive C fibres have an important role in sustaining
      long-lasting activation of class 2 neurones during noxious stimulation of the
      skin and that long-lasting discharges in these neurones indicates tissue damage
      to their receptive fields.

PMID- 3359200
TI  - Integrated defence reaction elicited by excitatory amino acid microinjection in
      the midbrain periaqueductal grey region of the unrestrained cat.
AB  - Unilateral microinjections (0.20 microliter) of the excitatory amino acids (EAA),
      L-aspartate (ASP), D,L-homocysteate (DLH) or kainate (KA) were made into the
      midbrain of freely moving cats. Injections of DLH (20 nmol) or ASP (200 nmol)
      made within the midbrain periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) consistently elicited a
      threat display characteristic of defensive behaviour (i.e., pupillary dilatation,
      piloerection, retraction of the ears, sideways backing, arching of the back,
      hissing, howling, growling), whereas injections of DLH or ASP made in the
      tegmentum bordering the PAG did not elicit such behaviour. Injections of KA (940
      pmol) made within the PAG, but not the tegmentum, elicited not only a threat
      display but also directed attack (striking with unsheathed claws and biting). As
      injections of EAA depolarize cell bodies, but not axons, the results suggest that
      a population of neurones whose excitation elicits all of the behavioural signs of
      defence, including directed attack, is found within the PAG. Histology indicated
      that the region of the PAG from which the defence reaction was elicited was not
      confined to any PAG subnucleus. Rather, the 'defence region' of the PAG formed a
      cylindrical column lateral to the midbrain aqueduct, approximately 1.5 mm in
      diameter and 5.0 mm in length, the rostral end of which lay dorsal to the caudal
      end. Further, it was found that EAA microinjections made in different portions of
      the defence region of the PAG elicited defence reactions characterised by
      different patterns of vocalization and differing intensities of display. It was
      also observed following unilateral injection of KA into the PAG that defence
      reactions, including attack, were elicited by approach in the visual hemifield or
      touch of the body contralateral, but not ipsilateral, to the injection site. The
      asymmetry of the defence reaction was not due to any obvious ipsilateral motor
      impairment and thus suggests that the PAG mediation of the defence reaction, in
      addition to controlling the outflow to the somatic and autonomic motor systems,
      also affects sensory processing.

PMID- 3359202
TI  - Neurons without demonstrable receptive fields outnumber neurons having receptive
      fields in samples from the somatosensory cortex of anesthetized or paralyzed cats
      and rats.
AB  - In many common experimental conditions the majority of the neurons isolated in
      cat and rat somatosensory cortex using extracellular recording techniques are
      unresponsive to somatic stimuli. This population of cells becomes amenable to
      experimental manipulation with iontophoretic administration of glutamate, other
      putative neurotransmitters, and their agonists and antagonists. During
      administration of glutamate or bicuculline methiodide as many as half of the
      unresponsive cells could be shown to receive somatic inputs that did not drive
      the cells without drug treatments. Several hypotheses are discussed concerning
      the possible origin and function of the unresponsive neurons and the conditions
      under which they might play an active role in cortical function such as during
      altered patterns of afferent input, enhanced release of acetylcholine, reduction
      of GABAergic inhibition and situations involving learning or directed attention.
      The unresponsive neurons may be a characteristic that differentiates
      somatosensory cortex from subcortical sensory pathways.

PMID- 3359201
TI  - The dorsal cell, one class of primary sensory neuron in the lamprey spinal cord.
      I. Touch, pressure but no nociception--a physiological study.
AB  - The dorsal cells in the lamprey spinal cord are primary sensory neurons. The
      cells were classified by Martin and Wickelgren in 1971 into 3 different groups,
      touch, pressure and nociceptive, according to their responses to mechanical
      stimulation of the skin. While confirming the presence of touch and pressure
      cells in the present study, we found no evidence for the existence of nociceptive
      spinal dorsal cells. Further we show that touch and pressure cells have different
      response latencies to a 40-ms hyperpolarizing current pulse. Measured from the
      end of the pulse to the initiation of the action potential, touch cells have a
      response latency shorter than 11 ms, whereas the pressure cells have a response
      latency longer than 11 ms.

PMID- 3359203
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase immunopositive pyramidal neurons in the rat frontal
      cortex.
AB  - The putative cholinergic neurons of the rat's frontal cortex (Krieg's area 10)
      were studied using monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). This
      paper reports two novel findings which might be very important to reason the
      function of the frontal cortex. Firstly, the immunopositive cells were
      distributed in layers II, IV, V and VI around the rostral half, and layers IV, V
      and VI around the caudal half of Krieg's area 10. Secondly, the majority of
      immunopositive neurons in layer V was pyramidal cell.

PMID- 3359204
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiography of D-[3H]aspartate uptake sites in mouse
      cerebellar slices shows poor labelling of mossy fibre terminals.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that mossy fibres in the cerebellum may use glutamate
      as their transmitter. To determine if mossy fibre terminals accordingly express a
      high-affinity uptake mechanism for excitatory amino acids, mouse cerebellar
      slices were incubated for 3 h with 1 microM D-[3H]aspartate and examined by
      electron microscopic autoradiography. In the granule cell layer, granule cell
      bodies were clearly labelled but the majority of mossy fibre terminals were
      without silver grains.

PMID- 3359205
TI  - Responses of phasic and tonic hippocampal theta-on cells to cholinergics:
      differential effects of muscarinic and nicotinic activation.
AB  - The discharge patterns of tonic and phasic hippocampal formation theta-on cells
      were recorded in response to systemic administration of cholinergic agents, in
      urethane-anesthetized rats. Eserine and carbachol resulted in long trains of slow
      wave theta and accompanying activation of tonic and phasic theta-on cells. Both
      slow-wave theta and the characteristic accompanying discharge patterns of theta
      on cells were blocked by administration of atropine SO4, providing evidence that
      the effects of eserine and carbachol were mediated by muscarinic receptors. The
      systemic administration of nicotine resulted in 20-30 s of slow-wave theta and
      during this time, both tonic and phasic theta-on cell discharges were suppressed.

PMID- 3359206
TI  - On the relationship between the excitability of dentate granule cell field
      potentials and their sensitivity to low glucose.
AB  - An in vitro study was conducted to investigate whether the sensitivity to low
      glucose (0.5 mM) of dentate granule cell evoked activity was increased in more
      excitable tissue preparations. Four different measures of granule cell
      excitability were made under control conditions in the presence of 10 mM glucose.
      Three showed a positive correlation between excitability of populations of cells
      and the sensitivity of their population spikes to low glucose. There was a
      particularly strong correlation between the latency of the population spike and
      the period of superfusion in low glucose medium required to depress the amplitude
      of the spike by 25%. The data suggest that increased excitability of dentate
      granule cells is associated with an increased vulnerability to low glucose.

PMID- 3359207
TI  - Increased inhibitory effects on close synergists during muscle fatigue in the
      decerebrate cat.
AB  - We compared the magnitude of reflex inhibition induced in the soleus muscle by
      contraction or stretch of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), before, during, and
      after electrically induced fatigue of the MG. Our findings are that MG fatigue is
      accompanied by a substantial increase in soleus inhibition, which then recovers
      with MG rest. This increased inhibition may explain, at least in part, the
      decline in motoneuron discharge rate that has been described in fatiguing human
      muscle.

PMID- 3359208
TI  - A monoclonal antibody, WCC4, recognizes a developmentally regulated ganglioside
      containing alpha-galactose and alpha-fucose present in the rat nervous system.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, WCC4, raised against PC12 cells, recognizes a ganglioside
      which is present in low concentrations in the postnatal rat nervous system. The
      antigen is also present in the adrenal and kidney, as determined
      immunohistochemically, but is not detectable in liver or spleen. A neutral
      glycosphingolipid is also immunoreactive. In the present report, the chemical
      characterization of this ganglioside, isolated from PC12 cells, and the
      anatomical distribution of the antigens recognized by the WCC4 antibody are
      described. By enzymatic cleavage of terminal saccharide moieties, the ganglioside
      is identified as alpha-galactosyl, (alpha-fucosyl) GM1. The ganglioside increases
      in concentration postnatally to day 35 (P35) and is present in a slightly
      diminished concentration in the adult. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that
      this glycolipid is also present on neuronal cell soma throughout the cerebrum,
      cerebellum and spinal cord. It is expressed in highest concentration in the
      molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and is also present in the olfactory bulb,
      the molecular layer of the hippocampus, the piriform cortex, the olfactory
      tubercle and the entorhinal cortex. The dentate molecular layer receives most of
      its innervation from neurons in the entorhinal cortex, and gangliosides are known
      to have an effect on plasticity following entorhinal cortical lesions. Therefore,
      the WCC4 antibody should prove to be a useful tool for the study of the role of
      endogenous gangliosides in this region of the nervous system.

PMID- 3359209
TI  - Activated type II receptors in brain cannot rebind glucocorticoids: relationship
      to progesterone's antiglucocorticoid actions.
AB  - Exchange assays have often been used to quantitate steroid receptors when
      endogenous ligands are present; however, there are no reports of their successful
      application to activated glucocorticoid-Type II receptor complexes. In addition
      to investigating the reasons for this failure, the present study also examined
      the effects of progesterone on glucocorticoid dissociation from, and
      reassociation with unactivated and activated Type II receptors. Molybdate
      stabilized brain cytosol from adrenal-ovariectomized mice was incubated with
      [3H]dexamethasone ( +/- [1H]DEX) for 40 h at 0 degree C. Afterwards free steroid
      was removed on Sephadex G-25 columns in the presence (unactivated receptors) or
      absence (activated receptors) of molybdate. Activation, as measured by DNA
      cellulose binding, was achieved by incubating molybdate-free cytosol at 22
      degrees C for 20 min followed by G-25 filtration in the presence of molybdate.
      The rates of dissociation and reassociation were then measured by incubating
      cytosol with [1H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA) or [3H]TA ( +/- [1H]TA) at 12
      degrees C. An exchange assay was also employed in which cytosol was incubated
      first with [1H]DEX for 40 h at 0 degree C followed by bound-free steroid
      separations and 12 degrees C incubations with [3H]TA ( +/- [1H]TA). Both
      approaches revealed that even though activation reduced the rate of DEX
      dissociation from Type II receptors by 40%, it eliminated the ability of the
      newly unoccupied receptors to rebind glucocorticoid. Adding [1H]progesterone to
      occupied receptor preparations increased dissociation rate constants by nearly 3
      fold, for both unactivated and activated Type II receptors. Since [1H]TA failed
      to prevent this effect, progesterone appears to act at an allosteric site(s)
      which cannot be occupied by glucocorticoids. Exchange assays revealed that
      progesterone-facilitated dissociation increased the rate of glucocorticoid
      rebinding to unactivated, but not activated Type II receptors. These results
      suggest that spontaneous and progesterone-facilitated termination of
      glucocorticoid genomic actions could be mediated by steroid dissociation since
      unoccupied activated Type II receptors do not rebind agonist steroid.

PMID- 3359210
TI  - The dorsal cell, one class of primary sensory neuron in the lamprey spinal cord.
      II. A light- and electron microscopical study.
AB  - Dorsal cells, are primary sensory neurons located in the lamprey spinal cord.
      They are of two types conveying touch (T) and pressure (P) and they have an
      ascending and/or a descending axon which joins the dorsal column. Dorsal cells
      have no initial axon segment. In the electron microscope synaptic boutons with
      spherical synaptic vesicles were found in contact with the cell membrane of T
      cells while no boutons have been observed on P-cells. No other morphological
      differences between T- and P-cells could be detected ultrastructurally or in the
      light microscope. No output synapses have been observed from the dorsal cell
      bodies or the small processes extending from the cell body.

PMID- 3359211
TI  - Changes in local evoked potentials in the rat hippocampus (CA1) during kindling
      epileptogenesis.
AB  - Electrophysiological changes occurring during the development of a kindled focus
      in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus were studied in vivo. The most
      conspicuous changes of the field potentials (EPs) recorded from the stratum
      radiatum to stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals were the following: (1) a
      progressive decrease of the slope of the decaying phase of the EPs which was
      significantly different (P less than 0.02) from controls from sessions 8-12
      onwards; (2) in the EPs recorded from the stratum pyramidale/oriens a population
      spike emerged from sessions 7-10 onwards; the ratio amplitude of the population
      spike/slope of the local EP increased progressively from session 8 onwards until
      a saturation level was reached; and (3) a progressive attenuation of paired-pulse
      depression; this decreased linearly with kindling session from session 1 up to
      session 11 (r = 0.97, P less than 0.01) and thereafter stabilized. These results
      are interpreted as due to a progressive imbalance between excitatory and
      inhibitory processes resulting in a decrease of inhibitory control in CA1
      accompanied by a decrease in threshold of pyramidal neurons.

PMID- 3359212
TI  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication increases its accumulation within the
      brain.
AB  - Exposure to the phenoxyacetic acid herbicides has been shown to produce
      neurotoxicity. Therefore, adult mice (pregnant) and rabbits were used to examine
      the accumulation and regional distribution of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4
      D) within the brain following intraperitoneal injection of a low dose (0.2-0.4
      mg/kg) of [14C]2,4-D. Controls, i.e. animals not previously exposed to 2,4-D,
      were compared to animals acutely pretreated with higher doses (40-160 mg/kg) of
      unlabeled 2,4-D. Both autoradiography and direct tissue analysis showed that in
      control animals brain levels were much lower than plasma in both adult
      (approximately 4%) and fetus (approximately 8%). In both species, small
      variations were seen between the brain regions, with brainstem and cerebellum
      somewhat higher than other regions. Pretreatment with unlabeled 2,4-D caused a 5-
      to 10-fold increase in accumulation of [14C]2,4-D in both mice and rabbits. On
      the other hand, 2-deoxyglucose entry into the brain was not altered by 2,4-D
      pretreatment. Thus, there was no generalized increase in blood-brain barrier
      permeability. Instead, increased 2,4-D accumulation appeared to be caused by its
      decreased elimination from the brain. Pretreatment with 40 mg/kg led to a CSF 2,4
      D concentration of 10 microM, a concentration sufficient to inhibit choroid
      plexus transport of [14C]2,4-D by nearly 50% in vitro. These results suggest that
      exposure to organic anions like 2,4-D may lead to the retention of potentially
      toxic anions within the CNS via competitive inhibition of the organic anion
      transport system which normally reduces their brain and CSF concentrations to
      very low levels.

PMID- 3359213
TI  - The inhibition of proestrous LH surge and ovulation in rats bearing lesions of
      the dorsal raphe nucleus is mediated by the locus coeruleus.
AB  - Lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRn) were shown to block the proestrous
      surge of LH and the shed of ova normally found the following morning. The
      possibility that this effect could be mediated by the locus coeruleus (LC) was
      studied in the present work in view of the fact that stimulation of the LC
      produced similar responses on LH release and that systemic injection of the beta
      adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, partially prevented the effect of DRn
      lesions. The blocking effect of DRn lesions on proestrous LH surge and ovulation
      was reproduced by the injection of either methysergide (1 microgram on the day of
      proestrus), a serotonin (5-HT) blocking agent, or p-chlorophenylalanine (0.5
      microgram on diestrus 1 and diestrus 2), an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, into the
      LC of normal cycling rats. On the contrary, the injection of 5-HT (1 microgram on
      the day of proestrus) into the LC of rats bearing DRn lesions restored the normal
      LH surge and ovulation. It is concluded that serotonergic afferents into the LC
      from the DRn tonically inhibit the activity of LC neurons and that the
      interference of this inflow results in an activation of neurons and thereby in
      inhibition of LH release.

PMID- 3359214
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in caudate nucleus in aged cats.
AB  - These studies provide information on the changes in the ultrastructure in the
      caudate nucleus of aged cats. The major finding was that there was a decrease in
      the density of synapses in caudate neuropil. This decrease occurred in animals
      after 3 years of age and remained relatively constant in older animals. In
      conjunction with this change a population of unusually long synapses also
      occurred. These larger synaptic appositions were associated with enlarged spine
      heads. The caudate also showed a number of qualitative ultrastructural
      alterations. Many neurons contained accumulations of lipofuscin or lipopigment
      granules in aged animals. These inclusions occurred in both soma and dendrites of
      neurons and all types of glial cells. A unique configuration of collapsed
      agranular cisterns also was observed in aged animals. The present results
      indicate that decreases in synaptic density may be one morphological event
      underlying functional alterations observed in caudate neurons in aged cats.

PMID- 3359216
TI  - Blood-brain barrier transport of choline is reduced in the aged rat.
AB  - An age-related impairment in choline transport across the blood-brain barrier
      (BBB) may contribute to the cholinergic mechanisms of geriatric memory
      dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, the brain choline uptake in male Fisher 344
      rats at 2, 18 and 24 months of age was studied using the Oldendorf technique. The
      Vmax of choline transport in the 24-month-old rats (0.05 +/- 0.04 nmol/min/g) was
      significantly lower than that in the 2-month-old rat (2.5 +/- 1.0 nmol/min/g) (P
      less than 0.05). The Km of transport in old rats (13 +/- 35 microM) was also
      significantly smaller than the value in 24-month-old rats (450 +/- 195 microM),
      while the constant of the non-saturable component of the transport, Kd, was not
      significantly different in older rats (1.2 +/- 0.3 vs 0.6 +/- 0.1
      microliter/min/g). These results indicate that the carrier in old rats has
      reduced capacity and increased affinity to choline. The reduced choline carrier
      capacity explains the significant decrease in BBB choline transport in aged rats.

PMID- 3359215
TI  - Opiate modulation of separation-induced distress in non-human primates.
AB  - Infant rhesus monkeys respond to separation from their mothers with a dramatic
      increase in vocalizations and activation of autonomic and pituitary-adrenal
      systems. Using the mother-infant separation paradigm in rhesus monkeys, we
      focused on the role of opiate systems in modulating the behavioral and
      neuroendocrine consequences of a brief, naturally occurring stressor. In the
      first experiment, morphine 0.1 mg/kg significantly decreased separation-induced
      vocalizations without affecting activity levels. In the second experiment,
      naloxone 1.0 mg/kg increased distress vocalizations but lower doses had no
      effect. In the third experiment we blocked the effect of morphine 0.1 mg/kg with
      naloxone 0.1 mg/kg, a dose of naloxone that had no intrinsic effects of its own.
      This suggests that the reduction of separation-induced vocalizations by morphine
      is mediated by opiate receptors. The last experiment demonstrated that separation
      induced increases in pituitary-adrenal hormones can also be modulated by opiate
      agonists and antagonists. These findings are consistent with work in non-primate
      species and support the hypothesis that opiate receptors are specifically
      involved in mediating separation-induced vocalizations and pituitary-adrenal
      activation in primates.

PMID- 3359217
TI  - Sensory input to cerebellocerebral relay neurons in the cat thalamus.
AB  - Intracellular recording techniques were used to study the synaptic responses of
      feline ventrolateral neurons to dorsal column, spinothalamic and sensory cortex
      stimulation. More than 75% of the cells responded with short- and long-latency
      excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to the one or/and other
      stimulation sites. These findings indicate that a considerable amount of
      somatosensory integration in the cerebellocerebral circuit occurs in the thalamic
      relay neurons.

PMID- 3359218
TI  - Mossy fiber lesion reduces the probability that kainic acid will provoke CA3
      hippocampal pyramidal cell bursting.
AB  - Hippocampal slices prepared from rats which had received a mossy fiber lesion
      differed in their response to 50 nM kainic acid. Those slices in which the mossy
      fiber projection had been substantially destroyed were significantly less likely
      to develop epileptiform bursting in area CA3 than slices in which the mossy fiber
      projection was only modestly damaged. Similarly, mossy fiber lesions prevent the
      development of electrographic status epilepticus after intracerebroventricular
      administration of kainic acid in 26% of rats. Therefore mossy fiber lesions
      probably act, both in vivo and in vitro, by reducing the sensitivity of CA3
      hippocampal pyramidal cells to the epileptogenic action of kainic acid.

PMID- 3359219
TI  - Distribution of axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like
      immunoreactivities in the lumbar cord segments: an immunohistochemical study in
      the cat.
AB  - Axons exhibiting both enkephalin- and serotonin-like immunoreactivities were
      observed by the double immunofluorescence method in the lumbar cord segments of
      the cat. Double-labeled axons were seen most frequently in laminae I, IIa and the
      lateral part of lamina V. They were also distributed in other parts of the dorsal
      horn and lamina X (especially in the dorsal part), but rarely found in laminae
      VII, VIII and IX. After cervical hemicordotomy the vast majority of double
      labeled axons disappeared from the spinal gray ipsilateral to the lesion.

PMID- 3359220
TI  - Reduction of sensory activity produced by cercal displacement modifies response
      of wind-sensitive interneurons in the cockroach.
AB  - The cockroach can reduce the amount of sensory activity received by its CNS from
      the cerci, paired wind-responsive appendages. This reduction is produced by
      medial displacement of the cerci, a movement the animal performs naturally during
      flying. We demonstrate here that this sensory reduction significantly reduces
      activity of the postsynaptic wind-sensitive interneurons in the abdominal nerve
      cord, cells which carry the wind information to higher centers of the nervous
      system. In addition, we have found that the wind-evoked activity of two
      identified giant interneurons that are involved in escape and locomotion
      behaviors, is significantly reduced by cercal displacement.

PMID- 3359221
TI  - Power spectral analyses of inspiratory activities in neonatal pigs.
AB  - In anesthetized neonatal pigs, spectral analyses were done for inspiratory nerve
      and neuronal activities. Peaks in power spectra of phrenic roots were observed at
      high frequencies and at medium frequencies. In contrast, peaks in recurrent
      laryngeal and hypoglossal nerve spectra were found only at medium frequencies.
      Significant coherence estimates were obtained only at medium frequencies,
      indicating that different motoneuron pools share inputs from a common neural
      oscillator.

PMID- 3359222
TI  - Dextromethorphan reduces neocortical ischemic neuronal damage in vivo.
AB  - The dextrorotatory morphinan dextromethorphan (DM), a clinically tested
      antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel complex, was
      tested in an in vivo model of acute transient focal cerebral ischemia. Rabbits
      were randomly assigned to pretreatment with a 20 mg/kg i.v. bolus followed by 10
      mg/kg/h of 0.4% DM in normal saline (NS), or with an equivalent volume of NS
      alone. They then underwent 1 h occlusion of the left internal carotid artery an
      anterior cerebral artery followed by 4 h of reperfusion. DM-treated animals
      showed a significant decrease in the percentage of severe neocortical ischemic
      neuronal damage (10.5%), as compared to NS-treated animals (49.6%).

PMID- 3359223
TI  - Estrogen priming affects active membrane properties of medial amygdala neurons.
AB  - The medial nucleus of the amygdala (MNA) in the rat is a target tissue for
      estrogen binding and a sexually dimorphic structure. We used an in vivo slice
      preparation and intracellular recording techniques to study the effects of beta
      estradiol priming on active and passive membrane properties of MNA neurons. Two
      groups of adult female rats were used; ovariectomized (OVX) non-primed rats and
      OVX rats that were estrogen-primed at least 24 h prior to recording. Estrogen
      priming increased the occurrence of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic
      potentials (EPSPs) in MNA neurons, and of depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs)
      observed with a cathodally triggered action potential, and was associated with a
      lack of accommodation in these cells. Overall, long-term exposure to estrogen
      markedly increased the spontaneous activity and excitability of the MNA neurons.

PMID- 3359224
TI  - Ca2+ and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity in rat cerebral
      hemispheres.
AB  - Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) activity was found to be
      asymmetrically distributed between the two cerebral hemispheres of rat brain,
      whereas basal protein phosphorylation was not lateralized. The left cerebral
      hemisphere (LCH) displayed about 50% more PKC activity in synaptosomal fractions
      than the right cerebral hemisphere (RCH). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      autoradiography and quantitation of radioactivity in individual protein bands
      showed that the phosphate acceptors with major interhemispheric differences were
      proteins of more than 50 kDa. Cerebral lateralization was also apparent in the
      pattern of PKC inhibition mediated by phospholipid-interacting drugs:
      chlorpromazine and polymyxin B depressed activity more profoundly in LCH. A
      covalent protein modification usually associated with neurotransmitter receptor
      activation is thus unevenly distributed in rodent brain.

PMID- 3359225
TI  - Dorsal roots are absent from the tail of larval Xenopus.
AB  - Dorsal roots are absent from the tails of Xenopus larvae. Sensory afferents
      instead enter the spinal cord via the ventral roots. After reaching the cord
      these axons travel diagonally within the lateral fasciculus of the cord to reach
      the dorsolateral fiber bundle in which they ascend to the hindbrain. Sensory
      afferents entering together in the same ventral root make this traverse
      individually rather than as a group, but coalesce again at the ascending tract.

PMID- 3359226
TI  - Distribution of acceptors for beta-bungarotoxin in the central nervous system of
      the rat.
AB  - High-affinity acceptors for 125I-beta-bungarotoxin have been identified on rat
      brain cryostat sections and mapped quantitatively using 3H-sensitive sheet film
      autoradiography. A unique distribution of acceptors has thus been observed; the
      toxin sites are particularly enriched in grey matter areas and synaptic regions,
      consistent with the pharmacological action of beta-bungarotoxin. As the binding
      was abolished by dendrotoxin, a related polypeptide known to inhibit fast
      activating K+ conductances, the occurrence of beta-bungarotoxin acceptors may
      indicate the location of certain voltage-sensitive K+ channels. The overall
      distribution is, however, distinct from that of any other ion channel described.

PMID- 3359227
TI  - Characterization of two antigens in parkinsonian Lewy bodies.
AB  - Two antigens, G7 and G9, which are labelled by monoclonal antibodies in Lewy
      bodies in brains from patients with Parkinson's disease, were characterized by
      two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by electroblotting, in order to explore
      their possible relationship with neuronal degeneration in this disease. The G7
      antigen was found in the substantia nigra of subjects with Parkinson's disease
      and progressive supranuclear palsy, as well as in normal subjects. It was also
      found in the dopaminergic nucleus paranigralis and the locus coeruleus. The G9
      antigen was found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, but also in the
      caudate nucleus, terminal region of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and
      in the cortex and cerebellum, terminal regions of the noradrenergic neurons in
      the locus coeruleus. The identity of the antigens remains unknown. They do not
      correspond to tyrosine hydroxylase or neurofilaments previously detected in Lewy
      bodies, or to other cytoskeletal proteins. Nor are they related to the presence
      of neuromelanin in the cells that degenerate in Parkinson's disease. The
      proteins, or at least the epitopes labelled by the antibodies, are found in
      normal brain, suggesting that these proteins do not play a causal role in the
      formation of the Lewy bodies in degenerating neurons in Parkinson's disease. The
      G7 antigen is absent from the cholinergic substantia innominata, where Lewy
      bodies are also found, indicating that these antigens are not essential for the
      formation of the corpuscle.

PMID- 3359228
TI  - Effects of immobilization stress on dopamine and its metabolites in different
      brain areas of the mouse: role of genotype and stress duration.
AB  - Immobilization stress induced, in mice of both C57BL/6 (C57) and DBA/2 (DBA)
      strains, an increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine (DA) and
      homovanillic acid (HVA)/DA ratios and a reduction of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)/DA
      ratio in the caudatus putamen (CP) and nucleus accumbens septi (NAS). These
      effects were already evident after 30 min stress in the NAS, while in the CP 120
      min were needed in order to show the effects of stress. Immobilization did not
      produce any effects on dopaminergic metabolism in the frontal cortex (FC) of the
      C57 strain either after 30 or after 120 min stress while in mice of the DBA
      strain a time-dependent effect of stress on the HVA/DA ratio was evident. When
      B6D2F1 hybrids were considered, the effects produced by 120 min immobilization in
      the CP and the NAS paralleled those observed in parental strains, while in the FC
      120 min stress induced the same increase of HVA observed in DBA mice, thus
      suggesting that the pattern of response in the FC that characterizes the DBA
      strain may be inherited through a dominant pattern of inheritance.

PMID- 3359229
TI  - Antidromic nerve stimulation in monkey does not sensitize unmyelinated
      nociceptors to heat.
AB  - Spread of sensitization of nociceptors has been proposed as the mechanism for the
      secondary hyperalgesia in the region that surrounds a cutaneous injury. One
      possibility, tested in this study, is that antidromically propagated action
      potentials in nociceptors result in the release of substances at their cutaneous
      arborization which sensitize adjacent nociceptors. Using standard teased-fiber
      techniques, we recorded from single C-fiber nociceptive afferents innervating
      hairy skin in the monkey. Heat testing was performed before and after electrical
      stimulation of the parent nerve at strengths sufficient to activate C-fibers. The
      heat thresholds and total response to the heat sequences were not changed by the
      electrical stimulation. We conclude that antidromic stimulation of C-fibers in
      the monkey does not sensitize C-fiber nociceptors to heat stimuli.

PMID- 3359230
TI  - Metabolic studies of the edematous cerebral cortex of the pyrithiamine-treated
      thiamine-deficient rat.
AB  - The pyrithiamine-treated rats produced by our method histopathologically
      exhibited the edematous lesion not only around the third ventricle and at the
      tegmentum of pons, as expected, but also in the cerebral cortex. These animals
      were, therefore, used in a biochemical study of the cerebral cortex, in
      particular, glucose metabolism. The results indicate an accumulation of lactate
      and severe impairment of the lipid metabolism in the edematous lesion of the
      cerebral cortex among the pyrithiamine-treated rats. The fact that oxygen
      consumption was hardly diminished, however, strongly suggested that amino acids
      were selectively supplied to the tricarboxylic acid cycle from the free amino
      acid pool.

PMID- 3359231
TI  - The effect of cholinergic stimulation in the nucleus accumbens on locomotor
      behavior.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of cholinergic
      stimulation of the nucleus accumbens (NA) on locomotor behavior. Microinjection
      of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, into the NA resulted in a dose-dependent
      increase in spontaneous locomotor activity. Pretreating rats with the nicotinic
      antagonist, mecamylamine, significantly reduced the carbachol-induced locomotor
      response, whereas pretreatment with the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, was
      ineffective. Injection of the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, prior to
      stimulation of the NA with carbachol, significantly attenuated the motor
      stimulant effect of carbachol. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that the
      increased locomotor response elicited from NA stimulation is mediated by
      GABAergic efferents from the NA to the substantia innominata (SI). Pretreatment
      with the GABA agonist, muscimol, into the SI significantly antagonized the
      locomotor hyperactivity induced by carbachol injection into the NA. Taken
      together, these data indicate that carbachol produces a motor stimulant effect by
      activating nicotinic receptors which may modulate the release of dopamine in the
      NA and inhibit the GABAergic efferents to the SI.

PMID- 3359232
TI  - Influence of aminopeptidase inhibitors on brain angiotensin metabolism and
      drinking in rats.
AB  - The metabolism of [125I]angiotensin II (AII, octopeptide) and [125I]angiotensin
      III (AIII, heptapeptide) was determined in the cerebroventricular compartment
      following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment with artificial
      cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or the aminopeptidase B inhibitor, bestatin (BE).
      Microwave fixation was used to stop brain aminopeptidase activity followed by
      high-performance liquid chromatography methods to measure degradation. The
      resulting mean t 1/2 values were: aCSF/AII = 23.5 s, BE/AII = 32.0 s; aCSF/AIII =
      8.2 s, BE/AIII = 16.0 s. A second experiment indicated that i.c.v. administered
      BE induced considerable water consumption, while amastatin (AM, an aminopeptidase
      A inhibitor) did not. Combined i.c.v. treatment with BE/AII or BE/AIII produced
      water consumptions that were equivalent with the sum of the water intakes due to
      independent treatments. Unexpectedly, combined treatment with AM/AII also
      significantly facilitated water consumption as compared with the independent
      treatments. These results suggest that i.c.v. BE-induced drinking is due to the
      extension of the half-life of endogenous AIII, and that both AM and BE facilitate
      drinking to i.c.v. AII and AIII by inhibiting the degradation of AII and AIII.
      This delay in degradation prolongs the action of AIII at central angiotensin
      receptors while also slowing the conversion of AII to AIII, thus providing a
      depot of available AII to be converted to AIII in an obligatory manner.

PMID- 3359233
TI  - Somatosensory receptive fields of fibres in the rostral corpus callosum of the
      cat.
AB  - The corpus callosum is the principal neocortical commissure which transmits
      lateralized information between the hemispheres. The aim of the present
      experiment was to study the receptive field (RF) properties of somatosensory
      callosal fibres in the cat. The callosum was approached under direct visual
      control and axonic responses were recorded under N2O anaesthesia using tungsten
      microelectrodes or, mostly, glass micropipettes. RFs representing all the sensory
      submodalities tested (light touch, medium and deep pressure, joint movement and
      light pinches) were found to be present in the axons which travelled through the
      callosum. Rapidly adapting units were more common than slowly adapting ones. The
      axial and para-axial portions of the body accounted for about three-fifths of all
      RFs, followed by the head (about one-fifth), with the rest responding to
      stimulation of the extremities. The medial borders of most of the unilateral RFs
      situated on the trunk and, to a lesser degree, the head, extended to the mid
      line. The results are interpreted in terms of the roles of the corpus callosum in
      mid-line fusion and interhemispheric transfer.

PMID- 3359234
TI  - Transplanted astrocytes reduce synaptic density in the neuropil of cerebellar
      cultures.
AB  - Cytosine arabinoside-treated neonatal mouse cerebellar cultures, devoid of
      granule cells and mature glia, demonstrate heterologous synapses between sprouted
      Purkinje cell recurrent axon collaterals and dendritic spines in the neuropil.
      Such cultures were transplanted with optic nerve as a source of glia, and the
      effect on neuropil synapses was investigated. There was a significant reduction
      in the number of synapses in the neuropil and an increase in the number of free
      dendritic spines. Many of these spines occurred in clusters, unapposed by glial
      processes. The effect on the synapse density was not due to a comparable increase
      in the area occupied by the added astrocytes or an increase in nerve terminal
      diameter. The results suggest that astrocytes alter the density of neuropil
      synapses and may also induce the sprouting of dendritic spines.

PMID- 3359235
TI  - Radioautographic method for quantifying regional monoamine innervations in the
      rat brain. Application to the cerebral cortex.
AB  - Conditions leading to selective and complete labeling of the noradrenaline (NA)
      and serotonin (5-HT) innervations in rat cerebral cortex were sought by
      incubating 200-micron-thick whole hemisphere slices with various combinations of
      tritiated monoamines and uptake blockers at different concentrations in the
      presence of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. After fixation with glutaraldehyde,
      post-fixation with osmium tetroxide and flat-embedding in Epon, 4-micron-thick
      sections of the entire slices were radioautographed by dipping in nuclear
      emulsion. As previously reported, dopamine (DA) terminals could be specifically
      visualized and counted following incubation with 1 micron [3H]DA and 5 microM
      desipramine (DMI) with or without 5 microM citalopram (CITAL). The number of NA
      terminals could thus be obtained by subtracting DA varicosities from the total
      number of sites labeled in adjacent slices incubated without DMI but in presence
      of CITAL to eliminate some interspecific labeling of 5-HT terminals. NA terminals
      could also be identified exclusively and counted after labeling with 1 microM
      [3H]NA in the presence of 10 microM benztropine. 5-HT terminals were specifically
      detected after incubation with 1 microM [3H]5-HT in the presence of 10 microM non
      radioactive NA. The labeled varicosities were counted in areas FR1 and PAR1 of
      the frontal and the parietal neocortex, respectively, with the aid of a
      microcomputer-based image analysis system. DA varicosities were concentrated
      mainly in layer VI of these regions and were more numerous in the frontal than
      the parietal area. NA terminals were equally distributed in the two regions but
      approximately twice as numerous in layer I than subjacent layers. The 5-HT
      innervation also showed a comparable overall density in the two cortical regions
      but with a differing intracortical distribution. In the frontal area, 5-HT
      terminals were slightly more concentrated in layer I (1.3-fold) than underlying
      layers where they were rather uniformly distributed. In the parietal area, layer
      I was again the most densely innervated (1.8 times the average), but a second
      zone of higher density (1.5 times average) was present in the outer part of layer
      V. The remaining layers showed lower numbers of 5-HT terminals than in the
      frontal region. To obtain absolute estimates of these innervation densities, the
      number of detected varicosities was assessed experimentally as a function of
      radioautographic exposure time and of histological section thickness, and their
      'equivalent circle diameter' was measured in electron microscope
      radioautographs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3359236
TI  - Contraversive circling elicited from the internal capsule and substantia nigra:
      evidence for a continuous axon bundle mediating circling.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of many brain sites (e.g., anteromedial cortex, internal
      capsule, substantia nigra, superior colliculus, rostro-medial tegmentum, and
      medial pons) evokes circling. The collision method of Shizgal et al. (J. Comp.
      Physiol. Psychol., 94 (1980) 227-237) was used to determine whether these sites
      are functionally connected for the production of circling in rats. If
      connectivity was evidenced, then refractory period and conduction velocity
      distributions were determined for axons passing through the connected stimulation
      sites. Collision of up to 90% was found between electrodes placed in internal
      capsule and substantia nigra, suggesting that these sites are connected by
      continuous axons that mediate circling. The refractory periods of these axons
      ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 ms, and the conduction velocities of these axons ranged
      from 0.9 to 4.4 ms. These velocities are similar to those of striatonigral axons.
      No collision was found between anteromedial cortex and any other sites tested,
      nor between pontine sites and internal capsule or substantia nigra.

PMID- 3359237
TI  - Selective long-term potentiation in the pyriform cortex.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb (OB) produces an evoked potential in
      the pyriform cortex (PC) characterized by an initial surface-negative wave
      (period 1) representing activation of PC pyramidal cells via the lateral
      olfactory tract, followed by a surface-positive wave (period 2) which is
      temporally associated with recurrent and feed-forward inhibition. The experiment
      reported here examined the changes that occur in the PC evoked potential
      following a pattern of stimulation that has been found to produce short- and long
      term potentiation (LTP) in other areas of the forebrain. Male Long-Evans rats
      with electrodes in the OB and PC were divided into two groups. LTP animals
      received high-frequency stimulation of the OB (30 trains of 10 pulses each at a
      frequency of 100 Hz). Control animals received the same number of pulses at a
      lower frequency (1 Hz). This procedure was repeated 6 times at 2-day intervals.
      Neither high- nor low-frequency stimulation altered period 1 of the PC evoked
      potential, indicating that synaptic input arriving via the lateral olfactory
      tract was unaffected. However, LTP animals exhibited a marked increase in the
      amplitude and duration of period 2 which appeared to reflect two separate
      processes: a short-term change that peaked within 30 min of the trains; and a
      long-term change that accumulated across the 6 treatments. LTP of period 2
      persisted in latent form for at least 32 days after the last treatment. Control
      animals exhibited only small changes that were attributed to the paired-pulse
      stimulation used for testing rather than the 1 Hz Control trains. These results
      suggest that repeated high-frequency stimulation of the OB causes a persistent
      alteration in the way information is processed within the PC. The form of LTP
      demonstrated here is markedly different from that found in the hippocampal
      formation, where potentiation of the monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic
      potential is a prominent effect. The functional significance of this change
      cannot be determined with certainty from the present experiment, but available
      evidence suggests that it represents an enhancement of inhibitory processes
      within the PC.

PMID- 3359238
TI  - Systemic naloxone administration potentiates locus coeruleus noradrenergic
      neuronal activity under stressful but not non-stressful conditions.
AB  - When administered during non-stressful, quiet-waking conditions, i.v. naloxone
      (1.0 mg/kg) had no effect on the activity of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic
      neurons in behaving cats. In contrast, the activation of LC noradrenergic unit
      activity produced by restraint stress was greatly potentiated by the same dose of
      naloxone. Indices of behavioral distress, vocalization and struggling, were also
      found to be significantly increased in animals given naloxone during stress.
      These results suggest that endogenous opioids have a moderating influence upon
      the level of activity of the LC which operates only under specific conditions
      such as stress.

PMID- 3359239
TI  - Preoptic injection of VIP, but not of secretin or PHI, inhibits LH and stimulates
      prolactin secretion in the ovariectomized rat.
AB  - The microinjection of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into the medial
      preoptic area rapidly inhibited pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion
      within 1 h in ovariectomized rats. A transient but significant increase in
      prolactin (PRL) secretion occurred after VIP injection coincidentally with the
      initiation of the inhibition of LH pulses. Preoptic microinjections of secretin
      or peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI) did not have such effects. These
      results suggest specific actions of VIP, despite its structural similarity to
      secretin and PHI, on the preoptic mechanisms governing LH and PRL secretion in
      ovariectomized rats.

PMID- 3359240
TI  - The axons of raphespinal sympathoinhibitory neurons branch in the cervical spinal
      cord.
AB  - This study shows that the axons of some raphespinal sympathoinhibitory neurons
      projecting to the third thoracic spinal segment emit branches in the third-fourth
      cervical spinal segments of cats. This was demonstrated by using time-controlled
      collision of neuronal action potentials initiated by stimuli applied at these
      spinal levels. Antidromic mapping revealed that the cervical branches of these
      neurons likely terminated in Rexed's lamina VII. In contrast to these raphe
      neurons, the axons of ventrolateral medullospinal sympathoexcitatory neurons did
      not emit cervical branches.

PMID- 3359241
TI  - A multivariate statistical summary of synaptic plasticity measures in rats
      exposed to complex, social and individual environments.
AB  - Multivariate analysis of variance, canonical discriminant analysis, factor
      analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to 36 variables
      representing measures of occipital cortical synaptic, cellular, and vascular
      morphology in rats reared in complex, social, and individual housing
      environments. The results indicate differential expression of coordinated
      vascular and cellular metabolic processes across the three environments.

PMID- 3359242
TI  - Comparative influence of calcium blocker and purinergic drugs on epileptiform
      bursting in rat hippocampal slices.
AB  - Caffeine (50 microM) increases the amplitude of the basal field potential (BFP)
      due to orthodromic stimulation of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal
      slices. This effect is absent if (1) the adenosine agonist L-phenyl
      isopropyladenosine (L-PIA) (0.5 microM) is added to the perfusion with caffeine,
      and (2) low calcium (0.1 mM)-high magnesium (5mM) solutions are used. The calcium
      blocker verapamil (0.05-0.2 mM) does not modify the caffeine-induced effects.
      Higher concentrations of caffeine (0.2-0.5 mM) elicit the appearance of an
      epileptiform bursting, whose duration is inhibited at almost the 50% by 0.5
      microM of L-PIA and unaffected by verapamil (0.2 mM) and nifedipine (0.05-0.10
      mM). 5 microM of L-PIA, low calcium (0.1 mM)-high magnesium (5 mM) solution and
      verapamil (0.2 mM) are able to inhibit at almost the 50% the epileptiform
      bursting duration due to the potassium blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Nifedipine
      (0.05-0.1 mM) does not affect the 4-AP effects. L-PIA (0.5-2 microM) but not
      verapamil (0.2 mM) and nifedipine (0.1 mM) inhibits at almost the 50% the
      penicillin (1 mM) epileptiform bursting duration. The data indicate a different
      antagonistic influence of purinergic drugs and verapamil, on different models of
      epilepsy in rat hippocampal slices. In addition, the lack of antagonism between
      purinergic drugs and verapamil suggests different sites of action of the drugs.

PMID- 3359243
TI  - Blockade of the histamine H1-receptor in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus and
      feeding elicitation.
AB  - All H1-, but no H2-antagonists infused into the rat third cerebroventricle,
      induced feeding during the early light, but not during the early dark, reflecting
      a concentration of hypothalamic histamine. Bilateral microinfusion identified the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), but not the lateral hypothalamus or the
      paraventricular nucleus, as a main locus for the induction of feeding by an H1
      antagonist. The effect was completely abolished when brain histamine was
      decreased by pretreatment with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine. Hypothalamic neuronal
      histamine suppresses food intake, at least in part, through H1-receptors in the
      VMH.

PMID- 3359244
TI  - A novel electrophysiological technique for locating cutaneous nociceptive and
      chemospecific receptors.
AB  - Conventional electrophysiological techniques for locating a cutaneous nociceptive
      receptor involve squeezing of the skin in the distribution of the nerve. A novel
      technique for locating nociceptive and chemospecific receptors has been
      developed, based on the coupling of action potential activity that occurs between
      two unmyelinated fibers in the peripheral nerve. Application of a punctate cold
      probe to the skin increases the latency of the coupled action potential when it
      is placed on the receptive field of the cutaneous receptor. More than half of the
      receptors which were located using this technique did not respond to mechanical
      or heat stimuli and therefore would not have been found using the standard search
      technique. Preliminary evidence suggests that some of these non-mechano-heat
      sensitive receptors may be chemospecific receptors.

PMID- 3359245
TI  - Collaterals of spinothalamic tract cells to the periaqueductal gray: a
      fluorescent double-labeling study in the rat.
AB  - Spinothalamic tract (STT) cells were investigated in the rat to determine the
      distribution of STT cells with terminals in both the ventrobasal (VB) thalamus
      and the lateral periaqueductal gray (PAG). Two retrogradely transported
      fluorescent dyes (Diamidino yellow and Granular blue) were injected into each
      animal. The distribution of single- and double-labeled cells was mapped in the
      cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. An average of 1.4% of all STT
      cells and 6.2% of PAG cells projected to both VB thalamus and PAG. Double-labeled
      cells were observed only in cervical and lumbar levels of the spinal cord, with
      the greatest number found in the cervical enlargement. The double-labeled cells
      were located in laminae I and V and also in the lateral spinal nucleus (LSN). The
      number of double-labeled cells found in each of these 3 areas varied depending on
      the spinal cord level. This population of neurons exhibiting collaterals provide
      an anatomical mechanism by which noxious stimuli activate neurons not only in the
      thalamus but also in the PAG, which is an area involved in stimulation-produced
      analgesia (SPA).

PMID- 3359246
TI  - Ontogeny of testosterone-inducible brain aromatase activity.
AB  - The effects of testosterone (T) treatment on androgen-metabolizing enzymes and
      especially on aromatase were examined in the developing hypothalamus of quail
      using an in vitro microassay. Testosterone propionate (TP) injected into the
      pectoral muscles of one-day-old chicks had no effect on formation of 5 alpha
      dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT), 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone (5 beta-DHT) and 5
      beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (5 beta,3 alpha-diol) in the hypothalamus.
      By contrast, aromatase activity was significantly enhanced in the anterior (PA)
      and in the posterior (HT) parts of the hypothalamus of these chicks 18-23 h after
      a single injection of TP. This increase was site specific as it did not occur in
      control non-target areas, neostriatum intermediale and hyperstriatum ventrale
      (VN). The increase in hypothalamic aromatase activity was accompanied by T
      dependent changes in behavior and somatic development. Although aromatase
      activity is present as early as day 10 of embryonic life in PA and HT, it becomes
      inducible by circulating T only after this stage of development. There is also an
      important increase in basal aromatase activity during embryonic development. At
      day 10, when the brain is particularly sensitive to the differentiating effects
      of gonadal steroids, formation of 5 alpha-DHT and 5 beta-DHT in the hypothalamus
      is higher in females than in males. We conclude that although all important
      pathways of T are already present on day 10 of embryonic life, the brain
      metabolism of androgens continues maturing during the whole embryonic life.

PMID- 3359247
TI  - Ultrastructural features of dopamine axon terminals in the anteromedial and the
      suprarhinal cortex of adult rat.
AB  - The ultrastructural features and synaptic relationships of dopamine (DA) axon
      terminals were examined in the prefrontal cortex of adult rat after
      immunocytochemical staining with a highly specific polyclonal antiserum directed
      against DA-glutaraldehyde-lysyl-protein conjugate (donated by M. Geffard). Single
      and serial ultrathin sections were obtained from the deep layers of the
      anteromedial and the suprarhinal DA fields. The DA axon terminals from both
      regions averaged 0.7 micron in diameter, contained a mixed population of small,
      round and clear synaptic vesicles associated with a few larger dense-cored or
      fully immunostained vesicles, and frequently exhibited synaptic contacts which
      were exclusively made on dendritic shafts and spines. These synapses were mostly
      of the symmetrical type (80%) and were more often seen on dendritic shafts than
      spines, particularly in the suprarhinal (89%) compared with the anteromedial
      cortex (62%). As estimated either by stereological extrapolation from single
      sections or by direct observation in serial sections, the synaptic incidence of
      these DA varicosities was significantly greater in the anteromedial than
      suprarhinal DA field. In the longest series of thin sections, a junctional
      complex could be observed on 93% of the DA varicosities from the anteromedial
      cortex but only on 56% in the suprarhinal cortex. Such an inter-regional
      disparity in the relational characteristics of the DA input will need to be taken
      into account in elucidating the role and properties of this monoamine in cerebral
      cortex.

PMID- 3359248
TI  - Subcellular fractionation of bovine ganglion stellatum: co-storage of
      noradrenaline, Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y in large 'dense-cored' vesicles.
AB  - The subcellular localization of noradrenaline, Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y
      was studied in homogenates of bovine ganglion stellatum. After differential
      centrifugation most of the noradrenaline (70%) was found soluble, while both
      neuropeptide Y and Met-enkephalin were sedimented for more than 65%. However, the
      3 substances co-sedimented mainly in the microsomal fraction. The microsomal
      fraction was further analyzed by differential and equilibrium density gradient
      centrifugation. In both types of gradient, Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y were
      found in the more dense region of the gradient, coinciding with the main peak of
      noradrenaline. In this fraction, the molar ratio of Met-enkephalin to
      noradrenaline was 1:95. The corresponding molar ratio for neuropeptide Y to
      noradrenaline was 1:253. These results indicate that neuropeptide Y and Met
      enkephalin are stored with noradrenaline in 'heavy' or large 'dense cored'
      vesicles in the cell bodies of sympathetic neurons of bovine ganglion stellatum.
      We present here for the first time biochemical evidence for the co-localization
      of neuropeptides and a classical transmitter in a neuronal cell body.

PMID- 3359249
TI  - Testosterone-sensitive vasotocin-immunoreactive cells and fibers in the canary
      brain.
AB  - A sexual difference in vasotocin (VT) immunoreactivity was observed in the canary
      brain. The male canary displays denser VT innervation of the lateral septum and
      more VT-immunoreactive cells are visible in the dorsal diencephalon than in the
      female canary. This sex difference is the consequence of gonadal influences.
      Castration of male canaries resulted in a substantial decrease of VT
      immunoreactivity in these septal and diencephalic cells and fibers. Testosterone
      administration to castrated males restored the original intensity of fiber and
      cell staining. Testosterone treatment of female canaries induced strong VT
      immunostaining in the above regions similar to that in the male canary.

PMID- 3359250
TI  - Glucocorticoid binding sites in human temporal cortex.
AB  - This work describes the presence of glucocorticoid binding sites in human
      temporal cortex obtained following partial lobectomy in two epileptic patients.
      Using [3H]dexamethasone as radioligand and cold cortisol or RU 28362 as
      competitor we found an apparent Kd of approximately 2.8 nM with a Bmax of
      approximately 34 fmol/mg protein. The order of potency of various unlabeled
      steroids to compete for [3H]dexamethasone binding was as follows: RU 28362 = RU
      38486 = cortisol = dexamethasone greater than progesterone greater than
      spironolactone greater than estradiol. These data provide evidence for an
      intracellular mechanism by which circulating glucocorticoids might regulate
      neuronal function in the human cortex.

PMID- 3359251
TI  - Organotypic culture of central histamine neurons.
AB  - Organotypic cultures of histaminergic tuberomammillary (TM) neurons were grown
      using explants obtained from newborn rats. The cultures were examined after
      immunohistochemical localization of the histamine synthetic enzyme, L-histidine
      decarboxylase (HDC). The morphological properties of the somata, dendrites and
      axons of HDC-immunoreactive TM neurons in organotypic culture were virtually
      indistinguishable from those seen in situ. Extensive plexuses of HDC
      immunopositive axons, including growth cones, were seen within the hypothalamus,
      the plasma surrounding the explant and co-cultured hippocampus. Organotypic
      cultures of TM histamine neurons, and co-cultures with their targets, provide a
      useful model system for studying several aspects of central histaminergic
      neurobiology.

PMID- 3359252
TI  - Metabolic mapping of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat piriform cortex using
      computerized image processing.
AB  - Using a computerized image processing method, the metabolic activity of the
      unfolded molecular and pyramidal layers of the piriform cortex was studied in
      rats during odorous stimulation. Animals were either intact or had sustained a
      bilateral transection of the lateral olfactory tract. 2-DG labelling was observed
      in corresponding areas across these two layers. No spatial pattern of 2-DG uptake
      could be seen in correlation with the odorant quality. These results are
      discussed with respect to the known anatomical and functional properties of the
      piriform cortex.

PMID- 3359253
TI  - Magnetic field associated with spreading depression: a model for the detection of
      migraine.
AB  - Slow variations of the magnetic field were recorded in real time during spreading
      depression (SD) in the isolated turtle cerebellum. The magnetic signal lasted for
      2-10 min with the largest amplitude in the first minute. The field strength was
      of sufficient magnitude to be measured unaveraged at 2-4 cm from the tissue. The
      directions and time course of the magnetic signal indicated that cerebellar SD is
      accompanied by current normal to the cerebellar surface. The observations
      reported here are of clinical interest due to the potential involvement of SD in
      various neurological disorders, notably head trauma and migraine.

PMID- 3359254
TI  - Pineal-retinal molecular relationships; immunocytochemical evidence of calbindin
      27 kDa in pineal transducers.
AB  - Calbindin-27 kDa immunocytochemical localization was studied concurrently in the
      pineal organ and retina from human as well as representatives of all vertebrate
      classes. Calbindin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in retinal cones (but not in
      rods) and in pineal transducers (cone-like and modified photoreceptor cells,
      pinealocytes) of a majority of amniotes. In contrast, no labelling was observed
      in anamniotes, except in retinal cones of the toad. Labelling was distributed
      through all cellular compartments (outer and inner segments, perikarya, pedicles
      or processes) of pineal transducers and retinal cones. Intra- and interspecific
      variations of calbindin contents are discussed.

PMID- 3359255
TI  - Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization during electrical stimulation
      of the striatum and globus pallidus in rats.
AB  - Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in conscious rats during
      electrical stimulation of the striatum and the globus pallidus were investigated
      using the [14C]deoxyglucose method. Stimulation of the globus pallidus produced a
      marked contraversive circling behavior, while stimulation of the striatum led
      only to contraversive head turning. Unilateral stimulation of the striatum
      increased LCGU bilaterally in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars
      compacta, but only ipsilaterally in the entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra
      pars reticulata and subthalamic nucleus. Similar stimulation of the globus
      pallidus increased LGCU in the globus pallidus, substantia nigra pars reticulata
      and compacta, entopeduncular nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, lateral habenular
      nucleus, parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, deep layers of the superior
      colliculus and pedunculopontine nucleus, exclusively on the ipsilateral side.
      These results indicate that the electrical stimulation induces LCGU changes in
      the respective structures having both monosynaptic and transsynaptic neuronal
      inputs. Some changes may also be mediated by antidromic activation. They also
      suggest that activation of a synaptic process whether excitatory or inhibitory
      results in increases in LCGU. The bilateral modulatory effects of striatal
      stimulation may cancel out the circling behavior seen during pallidal
      stimulation, and cause only head turning.

PMID- 3359256
TI  - Inhibition of long-term memory formation by anti-ependymin antisera after active
      shock-avoidance learning in goldfish.
AB  - Ependymins are acidic glycoprotein constituents of goldfish brain cytoplasm and
      extracellular fluid which are known to participate in biochemical reactions of
      long-term memory formation. In earlier experiments, anti-ependymin antisera were
      found to cause amnesia when injected into goldfish brain ventricles after the
      acquisition of a vestibulomotoric training task. To investigate whether they also
      inhibit memory consolidation after other learning events the anti-ependymin
      antisera were injected after an active shock-avoidance learning paradigm, as
      follows: goldfish were trained in a shuttle-box to cross a barrier in order to
      avoid electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus) applied shortly after a light
      signal (conditioned stimulus). Anti-ependymin antisera blocked retention of the
      learned avoidance when injected 0.5, 4.5 or 24 h after acquisition of the new
      behavior. They had no effect, however, when injected 72 h after learning.
      Apparently, long-term memory was already consolidated at this point. Antisera
      injected 0.5 or 72 h prior to training, also did not influence learning or
      memory. Thirteen percent of the goldfish fled the light stimulus spontaneously.
      These fish therefore did not experience the unconditioned stimulus and thus were
      unable to learn the task. When they were treated with the anti-ependymin antisera
      and tested 3 days later, the spontaneous escape reaction was not affected (active
      control group). The ability of anti-ependymin antisera to inhibit memory
      consolidation and their efficacy after administration at specific time intervals
      are very similar for the active shock-avoidance learning and for the
      vestibulomotoric training. We conclude that ependymins are not task-specific, but
      serve a general function in biochemical reactions essential for long-term memory
      formation.

PMID- 3359257
TI  - Glycine-like immunoreactivity in the rat auditory pathway.
AB  - From neurophysiological and biochemical studies it has been suggested that
      glycine can function as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central
      nervous system of mammals. In the present study, anti-glycine antiserum was
      obtained from rabbits immunized with glycine conjugated to rabbit serum albumin
      via glutaraldehyde and purified by affinity chromatography. The antibody thus
      obtained was found specific for glycine as determined by an enzyme immunoassay
      system. The immunocytochemical distribution of glycine in the auditory tract and
      internal ear was investigated with the antibody. In the central auditory pathway,
      glycine-like immunoreactivity was mainly located in the ventral and dorsal
      cochlear nuclei, trapezoid body, lateral lemniscus and inferior colliculus. In
      the labyrinth, immunoreactivity was detected in the vestibular ganglion and the
      supporting cells of the crista ampullaris and the organ of Corti, but not in the
      spiral ganglion. These findings suggest an important role of glycine in the
      auditory and vestibular pathways.

PMID- 3359258
TI  - Two separate neuronal populations of the rat subthalamic nucleus project to the
      basal ganglia and pedunculopontine tegmental region.
AB  - Employing a retrograde fluorescent double labeling technique, we compared the
      localization of subthalamic nucleus (STN) cells projecting to the striatum and
      nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC), with that of STN cells
      sending axon collaterals to both the globus pallidus and substantia nigra in the
      rat. The STN-striatal projections were mostly the third branches of massive STN
      pallidal and STN-nigral collateral projection neurons, whereas only very rarely
      did the STN-TPC projections contribute to these collateral projections. The TPC
      projecting STN cells, giving rise to an independent output of the nucleus, were
      located mainly in its thin lateral strip region. The STN may integrate the
      somatic motor information from various cortical/subcortical brain areas
      (including the motor cortex, striatum, globus pallidus, thalamus and TPC), and
      disperse it predominantly to the pallidal complex, substantia nigra and striatum
      by way of axon collaterals, and to a lesser degree to the TPC through separate
      fibers. Thus, the STN might be in a strategic position to exert a prominent
      control over the basal ganglia-related somatic motor functions.

PMID- 3359259
TI  - Diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin in the brain of pentylenetetrazol-kindled
      rats.
AB  - Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling was induced in male Wistar rats by daily i.p.
      injections of 40 mg/kg of the convulsant agent. Immunoreactive (IR)-Met
      enkephalin was quantified in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus 17 days
      after the last stimulus, in groups of 6-7 rats, every 4 h, beginning at 08.00 h.
      IR-Met-enkephalin level displayed diurnal variations in brain regions of control
      animals. In the amygdala and the hippocampus the peptide peaked at 24.00 h and in
      the hypothalamus at 20.00 h; the troughs were at 08.00, 16.00 and 08.00 h,
      respectively. Diurnal variations were abolished in the amygdala and hypothalamus
      of kindled rats. In the amygdala the effect was characterized by an IR-Met
      enkephalin increase at 04.00, 08.00 and 12.00 h; in the hypothalamus the peptide
      was enhanced at 08.00 and 12.00 h; in the hippocampus IR-Met-enkephalin increased
      at 12.00 h and showed a displacement of the peak during the dark phase. The
      results suggest that PTZ kindling in rats produces a long-lasting alteration on
      diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin levels in limbic structures.

PMID- 3359260
TI  - Neuronal correlates of classically conditioned bradycardia in the rabbit: studies
      of the medial prefrontal cortex.
AB  - Multiple-unit activity (MUA) in the agranular medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) was
      recorded in conscious rabbits during a classical conditioning procedure involving
      repeated pairings of a 4-s tone conditioned stimulus (CS) with eye shock. Prior
      to behavioral training, significant tone-evoked increases in prefrontal MUA were
      observed; the magnitude of this evoked cortical discharge declined with repeated
      presentations of the tone alone. However, the first few paired presentations of
      tone with eye shock served to rapidly reestablish the evoked activity, and
      subsequent pairings resulted in a significant enhancement of CS-evoked discharge,
      relative to pretraining response levels. These associative training-induced
      changes in prefrontal MUA appeared to parallel the development of bradycardiac
      conditioned responses (CRs), and, in fact, significant correlations between the
      neuronal and behavioral responses were observed. In contrast to these associative
      effects, non-associative training procedures involving either unpaired
      presentations of tone and eye shock or repeated presentations of the tone alone
      resulted in progressive attenuation of tone-evoked MUA, relative to pretraining
      levels. We had previously reported that bilateral destruction of the medial PFC
      seriously compromises the development of discriminative heart rate CRs in the
      rabbit. In light of this finding, our present results lend further support to the
      suggestion that associative training-induced changes in CS-evoked neuronal
      activity in this cortical region contribute, at least in part, to the development
      of learned cardiovascular adjustments in this animal.

PMID- 3359261
TI  - Classical conditioning does not occur when direct stimulation of the red nucleus
      or cerebellar nuclei is the unconditioned stimulus.
AB  - The involvement of the cerebellum and the red nucleus in the classically
      conditioned nictitating membrane/eyeblink response in the rabbit is investigated
      using direct stimulation of the interpositus or the red nucleus as the
      unconditioned stimulus. Stimulation of either of these structures produced eye
      closure in naive animals, and this eye closure was paired with a tone in the
      standard Pavlovian conditioning paradigm. The results indicate that eyelid
      closure due to stimulation of either the red nucleus or the interpositus nucleus
      is not sufficient for the development of conditioned responses to the tone.
      Animals which had received interpositus stimulation as the unconditioned stimulus
      acquired the conditioned response to tone significantly faster following the
      substitution of air puff for stimulation than did those animals that had received
      red nucleus stimulation, or controls that did not receive any stimulation.
      However, animals that had been trained to tone-air puff could not retain the
      conditioned response after being switched to tone-interpositus stimulation.
      Lesions of the interpositus and the red nucleus through the stimulating
      electrodes were effective in impairing or abolishing conditioned responses. The
      results are interpreted to indicate that the red nucleus and interpositus are
      elements of the circuit that carries out the expression of the conditioned
      response. In addition the interpositus, but not the red nucleus, may be critical
      in the formation of the memory trace for the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned
      stimulus association, by virtue of the greatly accelerated learning that results
      from its stimulation.

PMID- 3359262
TI  - Characterization of the altered oligosaccharide composition of the insulin
      receptor on neural-derived cells.
AB  - Typical insulin receptors are present on neuroblastoma cell lines. High affinity
      binding for insulin was present in membrane preparations from NG108 (a hybrid
      mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma) as well as in membranes from SK-N-MC and SK-N-SH,
      two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Specific [125I]insulin binding was 24.4% for
      NG108, 16.9% for SK-N-MC and 5.2% for SK-N-SH at membrane protein concentrations
      of 0.4 mg/ml. IC50 for [125I]insulin binding was 3.4 nM in NG108 membrane
      preparations and 0.9 nM for SK-N-SH and 1.8 nM in SK-N-MC membranes. Apparent
      mol. wt. for the alpha subunits (identified by specific immunoprecipitation using
      the anti-insulin receptor antiserum B10) on SDS PAGE was 134 kDa for NG108; 124
      kDa for SK-N-MC and 120 kDa for SK-N-SH. Neuraminidase digestion increased the
      mobility of the alpha subunit from both NG108 and SK-N-MC receptors to 120 kDa,
      whereas that from SK-N-SH were unaffected. Endoglycosidase H and endoglycosidase
      F digestions increased the mobility of the alpha subunits of all 3 cell lines to
      varying degrees, suggesting the presence of N-linked glycosylation. Insulin
      induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta subunit in WGA-purified
      membranes from all 3 cell lines. In addition, phosphorylation of a protein with
      an apparent mol. wt. 105 kDa was stimulated by insulin in WGA purified membranes
      from NG108. Tyrosine-specific kinase activity was present in the membranes from
      each cell line and was stimulated by insulin in a dose-dependent manner from 10(
      9) to 10(-6) M. Proinsulin was about 100 times less potent in stimulating
      phosphorylation of the artificial substrate poly (Glu, Tyr)4:1 when compared to
      insulin in accordance with its lower binding affinity to the insulin receptor.
      Hexose transport was stimulated by insulin in all 3 cell lines. These results
      indicate that neuroblastoma cells contain specific insulin receptors and that
      they may be useful as models for studying the role of insulin in nervous tissue.

PMID- 3359263
TI  - Ethanol and pentobarbital in combination increase blood-brain barrier
      permeability to horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is determined mainly
      by the characteristics of brain capillary endothelial membranes. Lipophilic drugs
      that modify the cell membrane might be anticipated to alter the BBB. We
      investigated the effect of acute ethanol in combination with either a barbiturate
      or a non-barbiturate anesthetic on the ability of the rat BBB to exclude
      circulating horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Rats were injected into the peritoneal
      cavity with ethanol plus either a barbiturate (pentobarbital) or a non
      barbiturate (ketamine hydrochloride) anesthetic. HRP was subsequently injected
      transcardially 30 s prior to decapitation. In the ethanol plus barbiturate
      treated rats focal leakage of HRP caused peroxidase levels in the cerebral cortex
      to be about 8-fold higher than in ethanol plus ketamine hydrochloride-treated
      rats. Ultrastructurally endothelial cells in leaking vascular segments were
      infiltrated with HRP and, in some cases, they were lysed so that the structural
      integrity of the blood-brain interface was lost. Lysed segments were accompanied
      by staining of the adjacent basal lamina with HRP, and edematous astrocytic
      endfeet. These results show that ethanol plus a barbiturate anesthetic causes
      breakdown in the BBB by structurally damaging brain capillary endothelial cells.
      Whether the damage is caused by the expansion and lysing of the cell membrane by
      these two lipophilic drugs, or by increased intracellular calcium to toxic levels
      is not yet known.

PMID- 3359264
TI  - Taste responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the chronic decerebrate rat.
AB  - The ingestive behavior of decerebrate rats has been studied for some time, yet
      little is known of its neural substrates. While taste fibers in rats proceed from
      hindbrain to thalamus and ventral forebrain, these regions return centrifugal
      fibers to the hindbrain by which lower-order taste activity may be influenced. We
      examined the functional characteristics of taste neurons in the nucleus tractus
      solitarii (NTS) of chronic decerebrate rats in which this reciprocal
      communication was disrupted and compared them with those of intact controls. Nine
      Wistar rats were decerebrated at the supracollicular level. After a minimum of
      one week recovery, they were immobilized with Flaxedil, anesthetized locally and
      prepared for recording. The responses of 50 taste cells were isolated bilaterally
      from the NTS of these animals, while the activity of 50 additional neurons was
      recorded from 12 intact rats under the same conditions. Taste stimuli included 7
      Na-Li salts, 3 sugars, HCl and citric acids, quinine HCl and NaSaccharin. Mean
      spontaneous activity in decerebrates was 6.5 spikes/s, 36.0% lower than the level
      in intact animals. Mean evoked activity was reduced by 32.6%. Analyses of the
      effects of stimulus quality, intensity and time course of the responses all
      indicated that the decrease in activity was attributable to the inability of
      taste cells in decerebrate rats to respond to demands for high discharge rates.
      This deficit could be responsible for the failure of these animals to develop
      conditioned taste aversions. Neurons from decerebrate preparations did, however,
      retain the broad sensitivity across stimuli that characterized taste cells in
      intact preparations. It was also typical that most neuron response profiles from
      decerebrates could be grouped into 3 loose clusters with peak sensitivities to
      acid-salt, salt or sugar. An analysis of similarities among stimulus activity
      profiles indicated that Na-Li salts, sugars and an acid-quinine complex
      represented 3 groups of stimulus quality; in intact animals, the primary
      distinction was between sweet and non-sweet stimuli. Moreover, the response to
      sodium saccharin lost its bitter component in decerebrates. These findings were
      in general agreement with those derived from acute decerebrate rats.

PMID- 3359265
TI  - Behavioral dissociation of anterodorsal and posteroventral hippocampus by
      subseizure stimulation in mice.
AB  - BALB/c mice were bilaterally implanted with bipolar electrodes either in
      anterodorsal (ADH) or posteroventral hippocampus (PVH) in order to compare the
      effects of postsession electrical stimulation on memory processes. For each
      experiment, 30 s after the end of the first session, the animals were stimulated
      during 80 s. For both hippocampal regions, the stimulation intensity was half of
      the afterdischarge threshold value. Control groups were naive, ADH and PVH
      implanted non-stimulated animals. Different appetitive and aversive tasks were
      used. Subseizure stimulation never created a deficit. Depending on the region of
      the hippocampus stimulated and on the learning task, a retention enhancement was
      eventually observed. These data are in agreement with the involvement of
      hippocampus in initial stages of memory consolidation. Further, the subseizure
      stimulation permitted a functional dissociation between the two hippocampal
      regions. Both regions seemed involved in the integration of information, but the
      anterodorsal part would be rather related to behavioral inhibition, while the
      posteroventral part would have the capacity to induce an arousal state allowing
      behavioral flexibility.

PMID- 3359266
TI  - Sites of termination and relay of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors as studied
      by spike-triggered averaging.
AB  - The sites of termination and relay of pulmonary rapidly-adapting receptors (RARs)
      were determined by averaging the extracellular field potentials produced in the
      nucleus tractus solitarii of the cat by individual RAR neurons. Action potentials
      of individual RARs were recorded extracellularly in the nodose ganglion during
      mechanical stimulation of the receptive field in the lung and used as triggers
      for the averaging. The averaged records (2000-4000 sweeps) revealed the presence
      of terminal and focal synaptic potentials. These potentials, indicating the
      presence of pre- and postsynaptic elements at the recording site, were found
      ipsilaterally in the caudal medial and commissural subnuclei and contralaterally
      in the commissural subnucleus.

PMID- 3359267
TI  - Light adaptation of rod and cone luminosity horizontal cells of the retina of the
      goldfish.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from rod horizontal cells and luminosity external
      horizontal cells of the goldfish retina were obtained, and the process of light
      adaptation induced by steady, full-field background illumination was
      investigated. Rod horizontal cells had remarkably steep response vs intensity
      (rvi) functions when dark-adapted. Background illumination reduced the
      sensitivity of these cells primarily due to response compression, with intense
      backgrounds resulting in eventual response saturation. Increment threshold
      functions for these cells were non-linear, and increment saturation was evident
      when 500-nm backgrounds exceeded 10.5 log photons s-1 cm-2. Cone luminosity cells
      displayed broad response operating functions when dark-adapted. Light adaptation
      resulted in substantial narrowing of the rvi function, as well as a shift in the
      operating function to greater intensities. Response compression played only a
      minor role in the loss of sensitivity of these cells.

PMID- 3359268
TI  - Regional membrane heterogeneity in premyelinated CNS axons: factors influencing
      the binding of sterol-specific probes.
AB  - Binding of the sterol-specific probe filipin to developing optic nerve axonal
      membrane is spatially heterogeneous prior to association of glial cells with the
      axons. Experiments were performed using different sterol binding probes (filipin,
      tomatin, and saponin), at different temperatures (4 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and
      37 degrees C), after incubation in different ionic conditions (10 mM Ca2+, 10 mM
      EGTA, and 20 mM Mg2+), to examine factors that may be responsible for this
      membrane heterogeneity in rat optic nerve. The patchy pattern of filipin binding
      is apparent with each sterol-specific probe, even prior to glial ensheathment,
      and is retained when membrane fluidity is increased at higher temperatures.
      Increased Ca2+ concentration increased membrane stability, and increased Mg2+
      reduced the patchiness of filipin binding. After tannic acid staining, regions of
      the cytoskeleton are seen associated with the membrane via filaments extending
      from microtubules to the membrane, preferentially in regions where filipin
      interaction with the membrane is inhibited. The non-uniform interaction of
      filipin with the axolemma suggests an underlying heterogeneity in the sterol
      composition and stability of the membrane. Heterogeneity of premyelinated axonal
      membrane may provide an important formative influence in the differentiation of
      axons to their mature morphology and function.

PMID- 3359269
TI  - Effects of amino acids on the excitability of respiratory bulbospinal neurons in
      solitary and para-ambigual regions of medulla in cat.
AB  - The effects of inhibitory (gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine) and
      excitatory (L-glutamate and DL-homocysteate, DLH) amino acids on the excitability
      of respiratory bulbospinal neurons were studied in decerebrate, paralyzed,
      bilaterally vagotomized, artificially ventilated cats. Unit activities were
      recorded extracellularly in the medulla in both the ventrolateral portion of the
      nucleus tractus solitarius and the para-ambigual region in the vicinity of the
      nucleus ambiguus (dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, respectively). All
      neurons were bulbospinal since they could be antidromically activated by
      electrical stimuli to the spinal cord. We used variations in antidromic latency
      (ADL) as a measure of changes in excitability of the soma. All neurons exhibited
      variations in ADL related to the respiratory cycle, being shortest (minimum ADL)
      during neural activity and longest (maximum ADL) in the silent period. Neurons
      whose discharge frequencies fell during application of putative inhibitory amino
      acids showed an increase of minimum ADL compared to control, indicating
      hyperpolarization. Minimum ADL, in some cells, became shorter during application
      of excitatory amino acids, indicating depolarization; in others, mechanisms
      secondary to increased neuronal firing likely obscured their effects. The
      transient maximum ADL usually present at the onset of the silent period was
      increased by excitatory amino acids and, in some units, was reduced or eliminated
      by inhibitory amino acids. These effects are discussed in terms of a modulation
      by synaptic inputs and neurotransmitters of the cumulative afterhyperpolarization
      which follows bursts of action potentials.

PMID- 3359270
TI  - Brain 5-HT2 receptor binding sites in depressed suicide victims.
AB  - 5-HT2 receptor binding sites were measured (by saturation binding of
      [3H]ketanserin) in brain tissue obtained at postmortem from 19 suicide victims
      with definite evidence of depression and 19 sex and age-matched control subjects.
      Five of the suicide victims were receiving antidepressant drugs prior to death;
      13 suicide victims had not been prescribed antidepressant or other psychoactive
      drugs recently and none were found in their blood at postmortem. The number of
      serotonin-2 (5-HT2) binding sites in frontal, temporal and occipital cortex and
      amygdala did not differ significantly between the depressed suicide victims and
      controls, either in the total suicide group or in the antidepressant drug-free
      suicides. The number of 5-HT2 binding sites in the hippocampus did not differ
      from controls in the total suicide group but was significantly lower (by 23%) in
      the antidepressant-free suicide group. The affinity of [3H]ketanserin binding did
      not differ from controls in the antidepressant-free suicides but was lower
      (increased Kd) in those subjects receiving antidepressant drugs. No correlation
      was found between the time of death and storage of tissue or the duration of
      tissue storage prior to assay and the number or affinity of 5-HT2 binding sites.
      A significant negative correlation was found between age of the subject and the
      number of 5-HT2 binding sites in the frontal and occipital cortex. The present
      study of suicide victims with definite evidence of depression do not confirm
      previous studies of increased numbers of 5-HT2 binding sites in suicide victims
      and suggest that these previous findings may be related to factors other than
      depression.

PMID- 3359271
TI  - Primary auditory cortex in the ferret (Mustela putorius): neural response
      properties and topographic organization.
AB  - Microelectrode recording studies were made of the crown of the ectosylvian
      auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized ferrets, using calibrated, sealed
      acoustic stimulus delivery systems. We confirmed our previous finding using free
      field stimuli that this region of the ferret's cerebral cortex contains a
      tonotopically organized field in which neurons are briskly excited by the onset
      of tonal stimuli. The vast majority of neurons in this field were narrowly tuned
      to tone pulse frequency, with Q factors comparable to those described for
      cortical cells in other species. The distribution of minimum tone thresholds
      across the frequency representation of this field paralleled the behavioral
      audiogram in the same species. The majority of neurons received input from both
      ears, and the natures of the influences exerted by tonal stimuli at the two ears
      were similar in form to those described for other carnivores. The various
      binaural cell types had characteristic frequencies that spanned the entire tonal
      spectrum represented in the cortex. Preliminary mapping studies revealed that
      there may be a topographic segregation of cells according to their binaural
      interactions. The basic properties of cells in this region of the ferret's
      cerebrum are similar to those previously described for the cat's primary auditory
      cortex. The data on the binaural properties of these cells, and the spatial
      distribution of those cells, provide the first evidence in a species other than
      the cat for segregated binaural representation in the auditory cortex.

PMID- 3359272
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of glial cells: comparison of brain slices with
      primary cultures.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were obtained from glial cells in the CA1 region of rat
      hippocampal slices to compare their electrophysiological properties with the
      previously reported properties of glial cells in primary tissue culture. The
      average resting potential was -77 mV and the average input resistance was 3.2 M
      omega. Barium (10 mM) depolarized glial cells in brain slices and increased input
      resistance, but barium action potentials which have been observed in primary
      cultures, were not observed in brain slices. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
      glutamate depolarized glial cells. Spontaneous oscillations of membrane potential
      were observed occasionally. The mechanism underlying these responses are unknown
      as yet.

PMID- 3359273
TI  - Behavioral and morphological effects of oculomotor nucleus lesion on abducens
      internuclear neurons in the cat.
AB  - The activity of identified control and injured abducens internuclear neurons was
      recorded during spontaneous eye movements in the alert cat. From 2 days following
      the electrocoagulation of the contralateral oculomotor nucleus, abducens
      internuclear neurons showed a quick fatigability during eye fixations not
      observed in controls. Discharge rate during saccades started after the beginning
      of the eye movement and showed a fast exponential-like decay. These abnormal
      responses were not further recorded from 20 days following the lesion.
      Morphological studies indicated that 90% of the abducens internuclear neuron
      population disappeared 2 months following the lesion and showed no sign of
      recovery one year later.

PMID- 3359274
TI  - Memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane) blocks the serotonin-induced
      depolarization response in a neuronal cell line.
AB  - The influence of memantine on several properties of a neuronal cell line was
      tested. The aim was to get some insight into possible mechanisms of action of
      this drug which is therapeutically applicable in treatment of spasticity,
      Parkinson's disease, and cerebral coma. In neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells,
      memantine, at micromolar concentrations, blocked the depolarization induced by
      iontophoretically applied serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). In the hybrid
      cells, receptors of the 5-HT3 type mediated the depolarization, which was
      frequently accompanied by a series of action potentials. The inhibition by
      memantine of the serotonin response occurred fast and was completely reversible,
      irrespective of whether the cell showed a stable membrane potential or
      spontaneous action potentials. However, memantine did not alter spontaneous or
      electrically evoked action potential activity in the hybrid cells, and apparently
      did not block the underlying ionic conductances. Furthermore memantine did not
      affect either the cation permeability activated by substance P in the hybrid
      cells or the K+ channel triggered by bradykinin in a glioma cell line. Thus,
      memantine appears specifically to suppress the ion channel opened by serotonin in
      the hybrid cells. The interaction of memantine with serotonin receptors and the
      associated ion channels reported here, might give an important clue, as to a site
      of action of memantine in the nervous system.

PMID- 3359275
TI  - Baclofen and gamma-aminobutyric acid differentially suppress the cutaneous
      responsiveness of primary somatosensory cortical neurones.
AB  - Extracellular recordings from neurones in the cat's primary somatosensory cortex
      (S1) have been made with carbon fibre-filled multibarrel pipettes used for
      microiontophoresis. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and baclofen elevated the
      thresholds to tactile and airpuffer stimulation, reduced the sizes of cutaneous
      receptive fields (RFs), depressed spontaneous activity and decreased the
      magnitudes of thalamically evoked responses. However, the manner in which
      baclofen produced its alterations in response properties could be differentiated
      from that of GABA in several respects. Specifically, responses which reflected
      spatially integrated driving of cutaneous RFs across peripheral and central
      regions were suppressed more readily by GABA than by baclofen. Furthermore,
      baclofen was observed to exert suppressions of responses which were evoked from
      the peripheral regions of cutaneous RFs more effectively than it could those
      responses which were evoked from the central regions. GABA affected central and
      peripheral RF subregions relatively indiscriminately. These results suggest that
      not only bicuculline-sensitive processes, but also those activated by baclofen,
      are involved in controlling the sensitivity of S1 cortical neurones to afferent
      stimuli.

PMID- 3359276
TI  - Convergence of skin and hypothalamic temperature signals on the sulcal prefrontal
      cortex in the rat.
AB  - Single unit activities in the sulcal prefrontal cortex (S-PEC) were recorded
      during thermal stimulation of scrotal skin and the hypothalamus in urethane
      anesthetized rats. (1) Of all the 146 S-PFC units tested, 126 (86%) units changed
      the firing rate in response to changes in scrotal skin temperature (Tsc), and 98
      (67%) units to alterations in hypothalamic temperature (Thyp). Sixty-five percent
      of the S-PFC units responded to both Tsc and Thyp changes. (2) Response
      characteristics of Tsc-responding S-PFC units were modified when the hypothalamus
      was warmed or cooled. (3) Microinjection of procaine into the dorsomedial nucleus
      of the thalamus reversibly blocked the response of S-PFC units to changes in Tsc
      and/or Thyp. (4) The high degree of convergence of thermal signals from scrotal
      skin and the hypothalamus on the S-PFC suggests that the S-PFC neurons play a
      role in processing and integrating thermal signals arising from different parts
      of the body, probably in connection with the emotional and/or motivational aspect
      of neural sensation and thermoregulatory behavior.

PMID- 3359277
TI  - (+/-)-beta-Parachlorophenylglutamate selectively enhances the depolarizing
      response to L-homocysteic acid in neocortical neurons of the rat: evidence for a
      specific uptake system.
AB  - The effect of (+/-)-beta-parachlorophenylglutamate (CP) on depolarizations
      induced by iontophoretically applied L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-homocysteate (L
      HCA) and D-HCA was investigated in neurons of the rat neocortex in vitro. CP, a
      reported blocker of amino acid uptake, strongly enhanced L-HCA responses whereas
      responses to the other amino acids remained little affected. This action was
      observed irrespective of whether CP was administered iontophoretically or
      pneumatically from micropipettes. CP (5 mM) administered alone had no effect on
      membrane potential. These findings suggest the existence of a specific uptake
      system for L-HCA providing further evidence in favour of a possible function of L
      HCA as an endogenous ligand for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the rat
      neocortex.

PMID- 3359278
TI  - Dendritic spines are susceptible to structural alterations induced by
      degeneration of their presynaptic afferents.
AB  - The shape of dendritic spines in mouse Sm1 cortex, which synapse with
      degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals, differs significantly from that of
      adjacent spines along the same spiny dendrites, which synapse with intact axon
      terminals. It is concluded that this morphological difference results from focal
      alterations in the heads of spines imposed by the degeneration of their
      presynaptic afferents.

PMID- 3359279
TI  - Modulation of GABA-stimulated chloride influx by beta-carbolines in rat brain
      membrane vesicles.
AB  - We have shown that GABA-stimulated chloride influx into membrane vesicles from
      the rat cerebral cortex can be enhanced or inhibited by beta-carbolines. The beta
      carbolines can produce a full spectrum of responses from maximal enhancement to
      maximal inhibition.

PMID- 3359280
TI  - Location of angiotensin II binding sites on neuronal and glial cells of cultured
      mouse spinal cord: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - Cultures of mouse spinal cord were used to visualize binding sites for
      [125I]angiotensin II (AII) by autoradiography. Visualization by light microscopy
      shows that neurones, but also glial cells possess angiotensin II binding sites
      which are located both on soma and processes. These findings open a new field of
      investigation for the understanding of the physiological significance of AII in
      the CNS.

PMID- 3359281
TI  - Microinjection of cis-flupenthixol, a dopamine antagonist, into the medial
      preoptic area impairs sexual behavior of male rats.
AB  - Systemically administered dopamine agonists have been shown to facilitate
      copulation in male rats. Microinjection of the dopamine agonist apomorphine into
      the medial preoptic area has also been reported to facilitate sexual behavior.
      The present experiments investigated the effects of medial preoptic
      microinjections of the dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol on male rat
      copulatory behavior. Fewer males initiated copulation and fewer ejaculated
      following flupenthixol administration. Those males that did ejaculate following
      flupenthixol injections had fewer ejaculations and longer interintromission
      intervals. Flupenthixol also antagonized the facilitative effects of apomorphine
      injections into the medial preoptic area. Flupenthixol and apomorphine produced
      only minor alterations in noncopulatory behaviors. The results suggest that
      dopamine receptors within the medial preoptic area are important in the
      regulation of masculine sexual behavior in the rat.

PMID- 3359282
TI  - Induction of cortical cholinergic hypofunction and memory retention deficits
      through intracortical AF64A infusions.
AB  - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A), an irreversible inhibitor of high
      affinity choline uptake on cholinergic nerve terminals, appears to selectively
      decrease presynaptic cholinergic markers after intracerebral injection. To
      restrict AF64A's action to cholinergic terminals within the frontoparietal (FP)
      cortex, the present study utilized multiple-site cortical infusions of the agent.
      Following an extensive histological analysis, a dose of 1 nmol AF64A/1 microliter
      was selected for determining AF64A's effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      staining, cortical cholinergic/non-cholinergic markers, and passive avoidance
      behavior. Adult rats given two infusions of AF64A into the right FP cortex had
      reduced AChE staining throughout 75% of the ipsilateral FP cortex at 10 days
      following infusion, thus suggesting an extensive cortical diffusion of the agent;
      minimal non-specific damage was seen (totalling only 4% of the ipsilateral FP
      cortex for both infusion sites) and no effects on AChE staining were observed in
      the striatum or hippocampus. Three weeks after bilateral AF64A infusions into the
      FP cortex (two injections on each side), significant frontal cortex deficits were
      observed in high-affinity choline uptake, acetylcholine synthesis, acetylcholine
      release, and hemicholinium-3 binding compared to vehicle-infused controls.
      However, choline acetyltransferase activity within the anterior cortex did not
      appear to be consistently affected by AF64A infusion. Cortical glutamic acid
      decarboxylase activity, as well as cortical monoaminergic markers, and
      neuropeptide levels were also unaffected. Moreover, animals that received
      bilateral AF64A infusions and were tested two weeks afterwards showed marked
      memory retention deficits during both the 24-h and 48-h postshock trials of
      passive avoidance testing. These results indicate that cortical AF64A infusion
      induces a specific, long-term cholinergic hypofunction of presynaptic markers
      within the cortex, resulting in a significant long-term memory impairment. Since
      the primary cholinergic innervation to the FP cortex, originating in the nucleus
      basalis of Meynert, appears to become dysfunctional (but not totally
      degenerative) in Alzheimer's disease, cortical AF64A infusions may closely
      reflect this cholinergic dysfunction by 'functionally' eliminating cortical
      cholinergic terminals.

PMID- 3359283
TI  - Studies on uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by mouse brain particles; toward the
      development of a model.
AB  - Several substances were studied for their effect on enhancement and/or inhibition
      of uptake of GABA into a mouse brain microsomal fraction (P3) at pH 7.3 in the
      presence and absence of buffer. These were diverse: Na+, K+, NH4+, Hg2+, Cl-, and
      HCO3-; beta-guanidinopropionic and L-2,3-diaminopropionic acids and 1,2
      diaminoethane; pyridine and several methylated pyridines; chlorpromazine and
      ketamine; and melittin. Kinetic experiments tested these substances for
      competition with GABA and Na+. Assuming the GABA transporter to consist of a GABA
      recognition entity and a Na+- and Cl-dependent protein required for its activity,
      a minimal provisional model for the GABA uptake process is proposed that is
      consistent with all current data and with relevant observations in the
      literature. It accounts for the activational effects of proton removal on GABA
      uptake, the stoichiometry of 2 Na+ and 1 Cl- associated with uptake of one GABA
      molecule, and the types of inhibition of uptake shown by the substances listed
      above. Factors are considered that may be necessary to maintain the transporter
      in a GABA-receptive configuration and that allow it the freedom of movement to
      undergo the structural variations necessary for the transport process to take
      place at rates that may be regulated by environmental factors.

PMID- 3359284
TI  - Peripheral versus intracerebroventricular administration of quaternary naltrexone
      and the enhancement of Pavlovian conditioning.
AB  - When rats are placed in a context with mild electric shock (1 mA/0.75 s), the
      environmental cues alone can provoke an immobile crouching behavior termed
      freezing. Freezing response is a Pavlovian conditional response provoked by
      stimuli that come to be associated with shock. Previous research has shown that
      peripheral injection of opioid antagonists can enhance this response. Two
      experiments were conducted to determine if peripheral and/or central opioid
      mechanisms are involved in this enhancement of freezing by employing quaternary
      naltrexone (QNTX), an opioid antagonist which does not readily penetrate the
      'blood-brain barrier'. QNTX (5 and 10 micrograms/rat) administered i.c.v. prior
      to shock significantly enhanced freezing 24 h later, whereas i.p. injected QNTX,
      at doses as high as 20 mg/kg, had no effect. These results suggest that the
      enhancement of conditional freezing produced by QNTX is mediated by central, not
      peripheral, opioid mechanisms.

PMID- 3359285
TI  - Temperature dependence of amiloride-sensitive and -insensitive components of rat
      taste nerve response to NaCl.
AB  - The temperature dependence of the rat taste response to NaCl was examined by
      measuring the chorda tympani activities in response to NaCl solution of varying
      temperatures before and after amiloride treatment. The response to NaCl was
      composed of 3 components: component I which was not suppressed by amiloride and
      components II and III which were suppressed by amiloride. Components I, II and
      III show maximal responses around 30, 30 and 10 degrees C, respectively. The
      response to NaCl at 10 degrees C was composed mostly of amiloride-sensitive
      component (component III). Magnitude of the amiloride-insensitive component (I)
      was greatly affected by variation of anion species. The amiloride-sensitive
      component II also showed anion influence but the influence was different from
      that for component I. Another amiloride-sensitive component (III) showed
      practically no anion influence. Threshold concentrations of the components were
      0.1 mM for component I, 3 mM for component II and 0.3 mM for component III.
      Equilibrium potentials of Na+ at the threshold concentrations across the apical
      membrane of taste cells were calculated to be -120.2 mV for component I, -31.4 mV
      for component II and -85.4 mV for components III. Thus the equilibrium potentials
      of Na+ at the thresholds for components I and III were more negative than the
      resting potentials reported, which suggested that an increase in permeabilities
      of Na+ through receptor sites (or channels) for these components will lead to
      hyperpolarization, not depolarization of taste cells.

PMID- 3359286
TI  - Abnormal influences of passive limb movement on the activity of globus pallidus
      neurons in parkinsonian monkeys.
AB  - Extracellular single unit activity was recorded in the globus pallidus of waking
      Macaca fascicularis during passive limb movement. The main upper and lower limb
      joints were investigated bilaterally. The animals were either intact or rendered
      parkinsonian by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
      (MPTP). Cell counts showed that at least 90% of nigral neurons of the compacta
      type were degenerated in the parkinsonian animals. In the intact animals, only
      17% of the pallidal neurons responded to the natural stimulus. As already
      reported by others, the responses were typically related to movement about a
      single contralateral joint and in only one direction. In the parkinsonian
      animals, however, more neurons responded, often more vigorously, to the same
      stimulation. In many of these neurons the responses were elicited by movement
      about more than one joint of both upper and lower limbs or ipsi-and contralateral
      sides and in more than one direction. The increase in number and magnitude and
      loss of specificity of responses were much greater in the internal pallidal
      segment, where the number of responding neurons quadrupled. These results suggest
      that dopaminergic mechanisms regulate gain and selectivity in the basal ganglia.
      In animals with decreased dopaminergic functions, the excessive and unselective
      motor responses may explain all 3 major signs of parkinsonism: rigidity, tremor
      and akinesia.

PMID- 3359287
TI  - Role of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region of the rat brain in the
      pressor response to gamma 2-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma 2-MSH).
AB  - We have examined the role of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) region of
      the forebrain on the pressor responses to intravenous injections of the pituitary
      pressor agent, gamma 2-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma 2-MSH) and the
      direct acting alpha 1-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine in unanesthetized rats.
      Lesions of the AV3V region produce a parallel shift to the right in the dose
      response curve to gamma 2-MSH, with no effect on the pressor response to
      phenylephrine. The lesion had no effect on the heart rate response to either
      agent. These experiments indicate that the forebrain region surrounding the
      anterior third ventricle area is important to some of the cardiovascular actions
      of gamma 2-MSH.

PMID- 3359288
TI  - Diffusion of penicillin in agar and cerebral cortex of the rat.
AB  - The diffusion of penicillin was studied in agar gel and the cerebral cortex of
      the rat using pressure microinjection and ion-selective microelectrodes selective
      to penicillin. From the agar measurements a free diffusion coefficient for
      penicillin of 3.52 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- S.E.M.) X 10(-6) cm2.s-1 for 37 degrees C
      was determined. The tortuosity value in the cortex was 1.62 +/- 0.03 (mean +/-
      S.E.M.) at the same temperature implying an apparent diffusion coefficient of
      1.34 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- S.E.M.) x 10(-6) cm2.s-1. This tortuosity value means
      that penicillin diffuses in the cortex in a similar manner to other extracellular
      substances. These diffusion values clarify previous estimates and permit accurate
      evaluation of epilepsy models based on the application of penicillin.

PMID- 3359289
TI  - Biotin enrichment in oligodendrocytes in the rat brain.
AB  - Cytochemical localization of endogenous biotin in the rat brain was detected by
      two different staining methods, avidin-biotin-HRP and goat-anti-biotin with HRP
      rabbit-anti-goat. In both staining methods, oligodendrocytes were labeled to a
      far greater degree than other brain cells. This finding may be important for
      identification of the role of carbonic anhydrase, which is elevated in the
      oligodendrocyte, and it may help to explain how the oligodendrocyte generates
      large quantities of lipids for myelin production.

PMID- 3359290
TI  - Increased density of perivascular nerves to the major cerebral vessels of the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat: differential changes in noradrenaline and
      neuropeptide Y during development.
AB  - Fluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the pattern
      and density of perivascular nerves containing noradrenaline (NA) and neuropeptide
      Y (NPY) supplying the major cerebral arteries of 4-, 6-, 8- and 12-week-old
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar (WIS) controls.
      Levels of NA and NPY in the superior cervical ganglia were measured. The density
      of nerves containing NA and NPY was greater in the hypertensive animals at all
      ages studied. However, the developmental changes in the density of innervation
      showed similar trends in both SHR and WIS groups. With few exceptions, there was
      a significant increase in the density of nerves containing NA from 4 to 6 weeks
      and from 8 to 12 weeks of age. This was in contrast to a low expression, and in
      some vessels a significant decrease in the number of NPY-containing nerves from 4
      to 6 weeks. The density of nerve fibres containing NPY increased significantly in
      almost all vessels between 6 and 8 weeks of age and then stabilized. Thus there
      is a differential time course for the appearance of NA and NPY during
      development. Furthermore, the hyperinnervation of cerebral vessels in SHR by
      nerves containing NA and NPY precedes the onset of hypertension and associated
      medial hypertrophy. High-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbant assays show that the NA and NPY contents of the superior cervical
      ganglion do not reflect the changes in innervation pattern seen in the terminal
      fibres in the cerebral arteries. This tends to support the view that a local
      neurovascular mechanism is involved in the maintenance of hypertension. The
      possibility that increase in NPY as well as NA in cerebral perivascular nerves of
      hypertensive animals is involved in the protection of the blood-brain barrier
      against oedema and cerebral haemorrhage is raised.

PMID- 3359291
TI  - Growth factors for fetal and adult human astrocytes in culture.
AB  - Using a recently developed method for the determination of cell proliferation in
      culture, we assessed the effects of several growth factors on their capability to
      promote proliferation of astrocytes derived from human fetuses or adults. Factors
      tested included fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet
      derived growth factor, glial growth factor from bovine pituitary, nerve growth
      factor, interleukin-2, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and 4 beta
      phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. The results show that astrocytes from human adults do
      not undergo proliferation in vitro even in the presence of these agents and that
      in the case of fetal astrocytes, only glial growth factor from bovine pituitary,
      platelet-derived growth factor and the phorbol ester were mitogenic. In addition,
      the capability of fetal astrocytes to proliferate appears to decrease with the
      increasing length of time they have been maintained in culture.

PMID- 3359292
TI  - Localization of binding sites for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the rat
      brain by quantitative autoradiography.
AB  - In vitro quantitative autoradiography was used to localize IGF-I binding sites in
      rat brain. Slide-mounted sections of frozen rat brain were incubated in 0.01 nM
      125I[Thr59]IGF-I, alone or mixed with 10 nM unlabeled [Thr59]IGF-I or insulin,
      for 22 h at 4 degrees C and apposed to LKB Ultrofilm. Measurement of labeled
      [Thr59]IGF-I binding by computer digital image analysis of the autoradiographic
      images indicated that high affinity IGF-I binding sites are widely distributed at
      discrete anatomical regions of the brain microarchitecture. The highest
      concentration of specific binding sites was in the choroid plexus of the lateral
      and third ventricles. Unlabeled porcine insulin was less potent than unlabeled
      IGF-I in competing for binding sites on brain slices. Regions of the olfactory,
      visual, and auditory, as well as visceral and somatic sensory systems were
      labeled, in particular the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the anterior
      olfactory nucleus, accessory olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortex, lateral
      dorsal geniculate, superior colliculus, medial geniculate, and the spinal
      trigeminal nucleus. High concentrations of IGF-I-specific binding sites were
      present throughout the thalamus and the hippocampus, (dentate gyrus, Ca1, Ca2,
      Ca3). The hypothalamus had moderate binding in the paraventricular, supraoptic,
      and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Highest binding in the hypothalamus was in the
      median eminence. The arcuate nucleus showed very low specific binding,
      approaching the levels found in optic chiasm and white matter regions. Layers II
      and VI of the cerebral cortex also had moderate IGF-I binding. The results
      suggest that the development and functions of brain sensory and neuroendocrine
      pathways may be regulated by IGF-I.

PMID- 3359293
TI  - Influence of ascending serotonergic pathways on glucose use in the conscious rat
      brain. I. Effects of electrolytic or neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal and/or
      median raphe nucleus.
AB  - The regional cerebral metabolic effects of manipulations of the central
      serotonergic pathways are largely unknown. To address this topic, we have
      examined the consequences of electrolytic lesions of the rostral (median and/or
      dorsal) raphe nuclei on local cerebral glucose utilization (CMRglu) in the
      unanaesthetized rat brain. These studies were complemented by comparing control
      rats to rats that received prior intraventricular administration of the
      serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). CMRglu was determined
      in 56 neuroanatomically defined regions of the central nervous system in lightly
      restrained rats, by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose technique.
      In all, 6 groups of rats were studied: sham-lesioned rats, rats with electrolytic
      lesion of the median, dorsal, or both these raphe nuclei; sham-injected and 5,7
      DHT pretreated rats. The efficacy of both electrolytic and neurotoxic lesions was
      verified, in each animal, by neurochemical microassay of 5-hydroxytryptamine and
      its metabolite in samples of striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Chronic
      interruption of serotonergic transmission was remarkable for the lack of
      resultant change in CMRglu. In rats that were subjected to electrolytic lesions
      of both median and dorsal raphe nuclei, discrete and significant decreases in
      CMRglu were observed in the red nucleus, substantia nigra and inferior olivary
      nucleus only. The rats subjected to 5,7-DHT treatment displayed no significant
      changes in CMRglu in all the brain regions analyzed, despite an 80% decrease in
      the concentrations of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine. Thus, it would appear that
      a viable serotonergic transmission is not a major determinant of integrated
      functional activity, even in those brain structures that receive rich raphe
      projections. Two hypotheses are advanced for this lack of change: firstly, the
      chronic reduction of 5-hydroxytryptamine levels is accompanied by compensatory
      changes in this or other neurotransmitter systems; secondly, serotonergic
      neurones may exert a phasic--rather than tonic--influence on glucose use in the
      mammalian brain.

PMID- 3359294
TI  - Influence of ascending serotonergic pathways on glucose use in the conscious rat
      brain. II. Effects of electrical stimulation of the rostral raphe nuclei.
AB  - Although lesions of the rostral raphe nuclei have minimal effects on integrated
      functional activity, as studied by the 2-deoxyglucose technique, the
      repercussions of activating the ascending serotonergic pathways have yet to be
      reported in the literature. To examine this question, we studied the consequences
      of the electrical stimulation of the rostral (median or dorsal) raphe nuclei on
      local cerebral glucose use in the conscious rat. Glucose use was determined by
      quantitative autoradiography in 105 defined brain structures. Raphe stimulation
      increased glucose utilization in a number of well-defined structures and
      pathways, dorsal raphe stimulation being systematically more effective than
      median raphe stimulation. Of all the neocortical regions studied, only the
      somatosensory cortex displayed a columnar and laminar pattern of increased
      glucose use that was restricted to the somatotopic delineation of the rat's head
      and face. Increased glucose use was seen in almost all key elements of the
      extrapyramidal system with the notable exception of the caudate-putamen. The
      thalamic nuclei that were activated by rostral raphe stimulation included those
      that subserve the processing of somesthetic, accessory visual and limbic
      information. Raphe stimulation-induced decreases in local cerebral glucose use
      were never observed. Almost all of the induced changes could be prevented or
      obtunded by prior intraventricular administration of the serotonergic neurotoxin
      5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, suggesting that the majority of the raphe-induced
      changes in integrated functional activity were mediated via the activation of
      serotonergic neurones. The magnitude and pattern of the increases in glucose use
      could not always be correlated with the regional density of serotonergic
      innervation nor with the distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in
      the adult brain. However, the pattern of increased cortical glucose use closely
      matches the selective serotonergic innervation of the somatosensory cortex found
      in early postnatal development. Thus, it would appear that the 2-deoxyglucose
      technique reveals functional units in the cortex that are innervated at an early
      ontogenic stage. We postulate that the discrete and highly organized changes in
      integrated functional activity that follow raphe stimulation are due to serotonin
      acting in a phasic manner on restricted, possibly specialized, postsynaptic
      structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3359295
TI  - Tentative identification of arterial baroreceptors associated with arteriovenous
      anastomoses.
AB  - Nerve endings of the trigeminal nerve were examined in the lip, nostril, upper
      jaw and supraorbital skin of cat by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing
      method. Wheatgerm agglutinin-HRP (WGA-HRP) as injected into the spinal trigeminal
      nucleus was transported transganglionically to nerve endings. The present study
      deals with presumptive baroreceptive nerve endings found on arteriovenous
      anastomoses and on some other large arteries. By light microscopy HRP-labeled,
      complexly arborized nerve endings were found on the walls of arteries located
      deep in the subcutaneous tissue of the lip and nostril. These arteries were
      identified in serial sections to be an arterial segment of an arteriovenous
      anastomosis. By electron microscopy characteristic nerve endings were located in
      the adventitia and partly extended into the adjacent connective tissue of the
      arterial wall. These terminals had no connective tissue capsule. Axon terminals
      were somewhat enlarged (1-2 microns in diameter) and extended through bundles of
      collagen fibrils. The terminals contained an abundance of mitochondria and some
      vesicles. Axon terminals were typically covered by thin Schwann cell processes,
      but parts of the axolemma were sometimes devoid of such Schwann cell coverings,
      being invested only by basal laminae. Cell bodies of Schwann cells were located
      apart from axons. These light and electron microscopic features of the endings
      resembled those of other well-defined baroreceptors reported in the carotid
      sinus, aortic arch and endocardium, as well as of Ruffini terminals and Golgi
      tendon organs, suggesting that they would be baroreceptors of arteriovenous
      anastomosis. In addition HRP-labeled single nerve fibers with varicosities were
      found in the walls of some large arteries in the facial skin. By electron
      microscopy, such a HRP-positive nerve fiber contained some mitochondria and
      vesicles in varicosities and coursed with a bundle of HRP-negative fine fibers in
      the adventitia of arteries. These HRP-labeled single fibers were considered to be
      sensory derived from trigeminal nerves.

PMID- 3359296
TI  - Interactive periodontal and acoustic influences on the masseteric post-stimulus
      electromyographic complex in man.
AB  - Post-stimulus electromyogram (EMG) complexes (PSECs) were studied in the full
      wave rectified and averaged EMGs of the masseter muscles in 15 subjects, who
      clenched at a controlled level. The PSECs, a series of downward- and upward-going
      waves reflecting inhibitory and excitatory influences upon the masseteric
      motoneurones, were elicited by mechanical stimulation of a tooth. The stimuli
      selectively activated mechanoreceptors in the periodontium and, by bone
      conduction, acoustic receptors. Application of acoustic masking during the
      periods of stimulation revealed a series of inhibitory and excitatory acoustic
      influences in the PSEC, which were absent after local electrical stimulation of
      receptors in the periodontium or their afferents. By applying local anaesthesia
      to the periodontium of a mechanically stimulated tooth, the durations of the
      acoustic influences were on the average reduced by 76%. In subjects whose PSECs
      consistently included a second inhibitory period, the duration of the acoustic
      influences with respect to that of the PSEC (30%) was larger than otherwise
      (13%), suggesting a central gating of periodontal pathways which can block both
      periodontal and acoustic influences. The acoustic influences, of which the
      appearance in the PSEC largely depends upon activated periodontal pathways,
      represent a new finding of audio-motor reflexes.

PMID- 3359297
TI  - Neuronal activity in the contralateral medial vestibular nucleus of the guinea
      pig following unilateral labyrinthectomy.
AB  - The recovery of normal ocular motor and postural behavior following unilateral
      labyrinthectomy is termed vestibular compensation and it has been attributed to
      the return of normal resting activity to neurons in the bilateral vestibular
      nuclei. Previous studies in the cat have reported that approximately normal
      resting activity returns to type I neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN)
      contralateral to the deafferentiation by 4-8 weeks post-operation (post-op.),
      while the gain of the response of these neurons to horizontal angular
      acceleration remains lower than normal. The present data demonstrate that, in the
      guinea pig, normal resting activity returns to the contralateral MVN type I
      neurons by only 52-60 h post-op., while the gain and phase of the response of
      these neurons to horizontal sinusoidal acceleration remains abnormal up to 8-12
      months post-op. By contrast with previous studies, the present data show that
      type II neurons in the contralateral MVN exhibit some increase in their frequency
      of occurrence and gain toward normal values during vestibular compensation (at 52
      60 h and 8-12 months post-op.). The rapid recovery of normal type I resting
      activity correlates with the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus and postural
      asymmetries in the guinea pig by 52 h post-op.

PMID- 3359299
TI  - Sinoaortic denervation changes catecholamines in caudate-putamen of rats.
AB  - The 3-day sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rat has a reduced concentration of dopamine
      (DA) in caudate-putamen (CP) (Brain Research, 299 (1984) 380-383). This suggested
      that the nigrostriatal system processes input from the cardiovascular system via
      arterial baroreceptor pathways. In this study we compared regional DA levels in
      CP of SAD and sham-operated (SO) rats 3 and 7 days after surgery. Bilateral CP
      samples were obtained by micropunch from consecutive frozen brain sections.
      Samples were taken throughout the entire length of CP from dorsal, lateral and
      ventral areas. Punches of two consecutive sections were pooled and assayed for DA
      and norepinephrine (NE). SO rats showed a rostro-caudal gradient of DA in all 3
      areas. Three-day SAD rats had significantly lower cumulative DA concentrations in
      each of the 3 CP areas. The concentrations in each region of the 3 areas were
      also reduced and about half of them achieved statistical significance. SO rats
      did not show a gradient of NE. Cumulative NE was significantly lower in dorsal
      and ventral areas of SAD rats. In 7 days SAD rats, DA values were no longer
      reduced, but were significantly elevated in dorsal but unchanged in ventral
      areas. These data support evidence of nigrostriatal interaction with baroreceptor
      pathways.

PMID- 3359298
TI  - Neuronal activity in the ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus of the guinea pig
      following unilateral labyrinthectomy.
AB  - The recovery of normal ocular motor and postural behavior following unilateral
      labyrinthectomy (vestibular compensation) has been attributed to the return of
      normal resting activity to neurons in the bilateral vestibular nuclei. However,
      previous studies in the cat have reported that average resting activity recovers
      to no more than 50% of the normal value in neurons in the vestibular nucleus
      ipsilateral to the labyrinthectomy even after 4 months post-operation (post-op.),
      despite the fact that, for some symptoms, vestibular compensation is complete by
      this time. The present data demonstrate that in the guinea pig, normal average
      resting activity is restored to type I neurons in the ipsilateral medial
      vestibular nucleus (MVN) by 52-60 h post-op., although type I neurons remain
      scarce compared to normal. This recovery of resting activity correlates with the
      compensation of spontaneous nystagmus and postural asymmetries by 52 h post-op.
      which we have previously reported. In addition, the present data further confirm
      that the recovery of type I resting activity in the ipsilateral MVN is not due to
      recovery of resting activity in ipsilateral Scarpa's ganglion neurons or to input
      from the dorsal brainstem commissures.

PMID- 3359300
TI  - Intraventricular administration of the cholinotoxin AF64A increases the
      accumulation of aluminum in the rat parietal cortex and hippocampus, but not in
      the frontal cortex.
AB  - Aluminum (Al) concentrations of the rat frontal cortex, parietal cortex, and
      hippocampus were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy 16 days after a
      unilateral intracerebroventricular injection of Na gluconate, Al gluconate, or
      the cholinotoxin AF64A. A fourth group of rats were injected with AF64A 6 days
      before injection of Al gluconate and subsequently sacrificed 10 days later. The
      combined treatment of AF64A and Al gluconate resulted in enhanced intraneuronal
      accumulation of Al in the parietal cortex and hippocampus but not in the frontal
      cortex. Consequently, Al may not be considered to be a primary factor in the
      pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3359301
TI  - Reinnervation of serotonin fibers in the denervated rat subcommissural organ by
      fetal raphe transplants. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The ability of axonal outgrowth of serotonin neurons in the implanted brain
      tissue of subcommissural organ (SCO) was immunohistochemically studied. The
      serotonin neuron system of the experimental rats was completely destroyed by the
      intraventricular injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. The raphe region of normal
      fetal rats was implanted into the caudal part of the third ventricle of the
      neurotoxic drug pretreated rats. The host brain was examined 3 months after
      transplantation. The numerous serotonin fibers were distributed in the SCO and
      periventricular region of the third ventricle of the host brain. The outgrowing
      serotonin fibers from the raphe transplant seemed to innervate the SCO with the
      target specificity.

PMID- 3359303
TI  - Strain differences in catecholamine content of pigeon brains.
AB  - Concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline and DOPAC were measured in 6 regions of
      telencephalon and in the cerebellar cortex of adult white Carneaux, and mixed
      breed pigeons of either sex. In both groups the regional differences in the
      amount of dopamine replicated the pattern we published earlier. The absolute
      values, however, differed in these groups: in all telencephalic regions the
      amount of dopamine was lower in the Carneaux strain than in the mixed breed
      specimens; in 4 of these regions the difference was statistically significant. A
      similar tendency was observed in the noradrenaline concentration but the
      difference was significant only in two telencephalic samples and the cerebellum.
      The concentration of DOPAC was significantly smaller in two telencephalic regions
      of the Carneaux pigeons.

PMID- 3359302
TI  - Quantitative studies of enkephalin's coexistence with gamma-aminobutyric acid,
      glycine and neurotensin in amacrine cells of the chicken retina.
AB  - Previous double-label studies demonstrate that enkephalin coexists with gamma
      aminobutyric acid, glycine or neurotensin in amacrine cells of the chicken
      retina. The present study utilizes double- and triple-label paradigms to
      quantitatively analyze these coexisting relationships. Twenty-eight percent of
      enkephalin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells were found to exhibit high-affinity
      uptake of [3H]GABA, while 53% of enkephalin-amacrine cells specifically
      accumulate [3H]glycine. Moreover, the present study predicts that at least 26% of
      enkephalin-amacrine cells which accumulate [3H]glycine should also be
      immunoreactive for neurotensin.

PMID- 3359304
TI  - The presence of tyramine and related monoamines in the nerve cord and some other
      tissues of the lobster, Homarus americanus.
AB  - This report shows the existence of endogenous p-tyramine in the nerve cord and
      some organs of the lobster. Their concentrations are lower than those of dopamine
      or 5-hydroxytryptamine. The nerve cord levels of m-tyramine, beta
      phenylethylamine and tryptamine are much lower than those of the phenolic or
      catecholic amines. The finding that the administration of an aromatic-L-amino
      acid decarboxylase inhibitor leads to a decrease of p-tyramine gives further
      evidence that this amine is synthesized from p-tyrosine, which is also found in
      high concentrations in the lobster nerve cord. The widespread distribution of p
      tyramine in the nervous system and peripheral tissues of the lobster suggests
      that this amine may have additional roles rather than functioning only as a
      precursor of p-octopamine.

PMID- 3359305
TI  - Ketamine anaesthesia has no effect on striatal dopamine metabolism in rats.
AB  - Striatal levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic
      acid in rats were not altered for at least 6 h after a ketamine injection (100
      mg/kg). Striatal DA turnover which was measured by giving alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
      after ketamine was unchanged. Even the dose regimen of ketamine which
      anaesthetized animals for approximately 3.5 h (100 mg/kg + 5 maintenance
      injections of 50 mg/kg at 30 min intervals) produced no alteration in DA turnover
      for at least 9 h. These results suggest that ketamine anaesthesia will not
      adversely affect studies investigating central DAergic mechanisms in rats.

PMID- 3359306
TI  - Co-existence of immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal
      peptide in non-noradrenergic axons innervating guinea pig cerebral arteries after
      sympathectomy.
AB  - We have used double-labelling immunofluorescence to examine the coexistence of
      immunoreactivity (IR) to neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and
      vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in autonomic neurons innervating guinea pig
      cerebral arteries. In the rostral circle of Willis of control animals. NPY-IR was
      detected in 86% of axons with TH-IR (noradrenergic) and 18% of VIP-IR (non
      noradrenergic) axons. No axons contained both VIP-IR and TH-IR. Ten to 12 days
      after bilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglia all TH-IR axons had
      disappeared. The density of VIP-IR axons was unchanged but now 70% of VIP-IR
      axons contained NPY-IR. These results show that NPY is not exclusively associated
      with noradrenergic axons in the cerebral vasculature. Furthermore, NPY levels in
      non-noradrenergic axons increased following sympathetic denervation.

PMID- 3359307
TI  - Effects of short-term prenatal alcohol exposure on neuronal membrane order in
      rats.
AB  - Long-Evans rat dams were treated with ethanol (4 g/kg, twice daily) by gavage on
      gestational days 10-14. This dosage schedule has been shown to produce
      significant behavioral and ponderal teratogenicity. Pair-fed dams were gavaged
      with isocaloric amounts of sucrose. All offspring were reared by untreated,
      surrogate dams. Pups were sacrificed on days 3 and 28, and whole brain neuronal
      plasma membranes were prepared for analysis by a fluorescence polarization
      technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as the membrane probe. On day 3,
      steady-state anisotropy was significantly decreased in the ethanol-treated pups.
      Arrhenius plots revealed that this difference was associated with a change on
      both membrane entropy and enthalpy. By day 28, the differences between groups
      disappeared. These data would be consistent with the view that the brief
      gestational ethanol exposure delays neuronal maturation.

PMID- 3359308
TI  - Oligodendrocytes with aberrant cytoplasmic processes in a human white matter
      disorder.
AB  - Unusual ultrastructural features of oligodendrocytes with numerous aberrant
      cytoplasmic processes were described in the brain biopsy from a degenerative
      disease of the white matter. The perikaryal regions of these oligodendrocytes
      contained well-developed normal cytoplasmic organelles and randomly scattered
      microtubules. The cytoplasmic processes were tightly packed and numerous
      junctional complexes were observed between the plasma membranes of these
      processes. Aberrant myelination by focal compaction of plasma membranes without
      any association of axons was also observed. These features closely resembled
      those of cultured isolated oligodendrocytes and were interpreted as reactive
      changes of oligodendrocytes to the long-standing deafferentation from axons since
      no axons were detected in the vicinity of these oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3359309
TI  - Early polyamine treatment enhances survival of sympathetic neurons after
      postnatal axonal injury or immunosympathectomy.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that following injury of their axon, sympathetic
      neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion become dependent on polyamine
      synthesis for their survival. In addition we have observed that the treatment of
      newborn rats with biogenic polyamines can prevent the naturally occurring
      reduction in the number of neurons in the ganglion. In the present study groups
      of newborn rats were subjected to either postganglionic nerve crush (axotomy) or
      to treatment with antiserum to nerve growth factor (immunosympathectomy), two
      treatments which result in a massive loss of neurons in the ganglion. Daily
      injections of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine (10 mg/kg each),
      for 7 days after the operation to the axotomized group, and for 9 days starting
      with the first antiserum injection to the immunosympathectomized group,
      attenuated the nerve cell loss. The polyamine treatment also attenuated the
      reduction in the activity of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine
      hydroxylase observed after both axotomy and immunosympathectomy in the ganglion.
      These results further indicate that polyamines are important for the survival of
      sympathetic neurons and, while their mechanism of action is unknown, an
      interaction with nerve growth factor regulation cannot be excluded. In the iris,
      the reduction observed in [3H]norepinephrine uptake after the two noxious
      treatments was unproportionately small when compared to the large drop in the
      number of parent neurons in the ganglion. This suggests that compensatory
      mechanisms exist which act to adjust the number of functional axon terminals per
      neuron so that the number of terminals innervating the target remains relatively
      constant.

PMID- 3359310
TI  - Mitotic cycling of radial glial cells of the fetal murine cerebral wall: a
      combined autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Radial glial cells of the embryonic murine cerebral wall are selectively labeled
      by staining with antibody RC1. In order to study the mitotic cycling of these
      cells, we combined RC1 immunohistochemistry and autoradiographic analysis
      following [3H]thymidine injection at 1, 2, 6, 48 h prior to sacrifice. Many
      radial glial cells, i.e. RC1-positive cells, incorporate the DNA tracer and hence
      must be mitotically active. Other proliferative cells of the ventricular zone do
      not stain with RC1. With the transition from S to M phase, the nuclei of the
      radial glial cells participate in the interkinetic 'to-and-fro' nuclear
      translocation characteristic of the non-radial glial cells of the ventricular
      zone. The density of radioactive grains over nuclei of both RC1-positive and
      negative cells of the ventricular zone becomes similarly reduced in the 48 h
      following the [3H]thymidine incorporation. Thus, the subpopulation of radial glia
      with nuclei within the ventricular zone which have incorporated the DNA tracer
      does not appear to become arrested in a prolonged G1 phase. The results suggest
      that the ventricular zone includes at least two subpopulations of stem cells,
      neuronal and radial glial. Radial glial cells, i.e. RC1-positive cells, are
      inferred to serve initially as a progenitor population for new radial glial
      cells. Later in development, they probably become a source of other cells of
      astroglial lineage.

PMID- 3359311
TI  - Immunohistochemical studies on the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the
      expression of cytoskeletal proteins following brain injury in rats.
AB  - The appearance of reactive astrocytes following brain injury was investigated in
      4-week-old rats with special reference to their proliferation and chronological
      changes in the cytoskeletal proteins. Two days after the injury, glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells had increased in number around the lesion
      and spread to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days after the injury. To
      investigate the distribution of mitotic cells and its chronological change,
      immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)
      was performed. BrdU-positive cells began to appear around the lesion and spread
      to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days and their distribution was the same as
      that of GFAP-positive cells. To investigate the association of GFAP-positive
      cells with cell division, double labeling experiments using [3H]thymidine
      autoradiography and immunohistochemical staining with antiserum to GFAP were
      performed. Cells doubly labeled with GFAP and [3H]thymidine were localized in the
      area adjacent to the lesion, in the molecular layer of the cortex and in the
      white matter. By contrast, none of the cells were doubly labeled in the IInd to
      VIth layers of the cortex. Furthermore, only astrocytes in the former areas
      expressed vimentin transiently from 2 to 10 days after the injury. In the rats
      administered vincristine, cells arrested during mitosis were found in the regions
      which express vimentin. From these results, it was suggested that astrocytes in
      the molecular layer of the cortex and the white matter adjacent to the lesion
      proliferated in response to the injury and expressed vimentin transiently, then
      acquired GFAP, and that astrocytes in the IInd to VIth layers of the cortex
      became reactive astrocytes without mitosis.

PMID- 3359312
TI  - Stability of inferior olivary neurons in rodents. I. Moderate cell loss in adult
      Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mouse.
AB  - A light microscopic study and cell counts of the inferior olivary nucleus (ION)
      were performed in the Purkinje cell degeneration mutant mouse (pcd/pcd). Six
      groups of animals aged from 24 to 210 days were studied and compared to age
      matched (+/+) C57Bl.6J mice. A cell deficit of about 30% was found in the
      youngest animals studied; it did not change significantly with age. The deficit
      affects the 4 subnuclei of the ION, but predominates clearly in the medial
      accessory olive. This cell loss is already established at the moment when the
      massive loss of Purkinje cells that has been reported in this mutant occurs. Thus
      it is not yet known if the ION represents a primary site of gene action or if the
      deficit is secondary to another cellular event, presumably the loss of Purkinje
      cells.

PMID- 3359313
TI  - Cooperation between nerve growth factor and laminin or fibronectin in promoting
      sensory neuron survival and neurite outgrowth.
AB  - Chick embryo dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were purified by differential
      adhesion to plastic. The purified neurons were used to study the cooperation
      between nerve growth factor (NGF) and laminin or fibronectin in promoting neuron
      survival and neurite outgrowth. NGF alone supported the survival of only 20%
      embryonic day 10 (E10) cells, of which only 40-50% had neurites. Treatment of the
      substrate with fibronectin or laminin increased survival in the presence of NGF
      up to 80% of the seeded neurons, all of which showed extensive neurite outgrowth.
      Survival and neurite outgrowth were also enhanced by the combined effects of
      elevated potassium and laminin. In contrast to E8-10 cells, 85% of E16 neurons
      survived in the basal culture conditions, i.e. without additional NGF,
      fibronectin or laminin, although neurite outgrowth was enhanced by all 3
      proteins. Antisera to NGF, laminin and fibronectin, each independently decreased
      survival and neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons, totally with E9 and partially with
      E16 cells. The results suggest that the cooperative actions of extracellular
      matrix proteins and NGF are essential for survival and neurite outgrowth of
      embryonic DRG neurons and that these neuronal requirements change during
      development.

PMID- 3359314
TI  - The development of carbachol-induced EEG 'theta' examined in hippocampal
      formation slices.
AB  - The development of carbachol-induced EEG theta (theta) activity was studied in
      the CA1 and dentate regions of hippocampal formation slices obtained from
      neonatal rats (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days of age). When perfused with carbachol
      (50 microM), 4- and 6-day-old hippocampal slices exhibited only short-lasting
      irregular activity. The initial appearance of carbachol-induced rhythmic waves
      were observed in slices obtained from 8-day-old rats. From the time that theta
      appeared at 8 days of age, a steady increase in amplitude and frequency was
      noted. This observed in vitro developmental pattern of hippocampal theta-rhythm
      closely resembles the development of theta activity in in vivo preparations.

PMID- 3359315
TI  - Gap junctions form in culture between chick embryo neurons and skeletal muscle
      myoblasts.
AB  - Possible mechanisms by which neurons can affect the differentiated states of
      mononucleated cells in the early chick embryo leg skeletal myogenic lineage are
      being investigated. Under conditions of co-culture known to promote inductive
      interactions between embryonic neurons and leg cells, spinal cord neurons and
      mononucleated leg cells are coupled by gap junctions as shown by cell-to-cell
      passage of Lucifer yellow and hyperpolarizing or depolarizing currents. Co
      cultures composed of ciliary ganglion neurons and clones of leg cells showed that
      the ability to form gap junctions with neurons is a differentiated function of
      myoblasts. Dye-coupling with neurons was found at high frequency only when the
      partner cell was a myoblast of a differentiating muscle clone. Myoblasts in
      undifferentiated clones formed gap junctions with each other but not with
      neurons. The nature of the junction-forming neuron is not restricted since
      neurons from spinal cord, ciliary ganglion and dorsal root ganglion all readily
      form junctions with myoblasts.

PMID- 3359316
TI  - Developmental changes in brain and serum binding of testosterone and in brain
      capillary uptake of testosterone-binding serum proteins in the rabbit.
AB  - Developmental changes in the brain uptake of circulating testosterone and of
      testosterone-binding proteins, such as testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) or
      albumin, may play a role in the sexually dimorphic changes in brain structure
      that are mediated by circulating testosterone. The present studies examine
      developmental changes in binding of testosterone in both the serum and brain
      compartments in postnatal rabbits in vivo and developmental changes in the uptake
      of [3H]TeBG or [3H]albumin by capillaries isolated from developing rabbit brain.
      The results show that between 10 and 15 days postnatally both the brain
      sequestration of testosterone and rabbit serum binding of the hormone are
      markedly increased relative to the newborn period. In addition, both [3H]TeBG and
      [3H]albumin were taken up by microvessels isolated from 28-day-old rabbit brain,
      and this process for [3H]TeBG was more active in capillaries obtained from
      neonatal rats as opposed to adult rats. In summary, these studies show that the
      binding systems for testosterone are modulated in a parallel fashion in both the
      serum and brain compartments. In addition, uptake mechanisms for serum
      testosterone-binding proteins such as TeBG and, to a lesser extent, albumin exist
      in the capillaries of developing rabbits. These brain capillary plasma protein
      uptake systems may allow for the distribution into brain of circulating serum
      proteins such as TeBG and, to a lesser extent, albumin, in developing rabbits.

PMID- 3359317
TI  - Cellular migration in developing cerebral wall explants in vitro.
AB  - Explants of the developing cerebral wall of the embryonic mouse survive in
      rotation-mediated culture for at least 3 days. [3H]Thymidine-labeled cells are
      initially located in the ventricular zone but after two days in vitro are located
      in a middle cell-rich layer. Cortical explants can thus be used as a model system
      in which the molecular mechanisms of neuronal migration in the developing
      cerebral wall can be examined.

PMID- 3359318
TI  - Modifications of tubulin heterogeneity during axonal growth in the embryonic
      nervous system.
AB  - Tectal plates of mouse embryos were used to analyze the heterogeneity of tubulin
      with high resolution isoelectric focusing, at time of appearance of the young
      neurons and axons. In the cold-labile pool of tubulin, isotypes 6 and 7 appear,
      and isotypes 1, 3, 11, 13 increase their relative quantities. The increase of the
      prominence of the alpha-group with regard to the beta-group in the cold-stable
      pool of tubulin raises the question as to the exact role of tubulin in the cold
      stability. A role of other specific microtubule components also appears probable.

PMID- 3359319
TI  - Binding of the non-selective opioid [3H]etorphine in the human fetal central
      nervous system.
AB  - The existence of specific, high-affinity opioid binding sites was demonstrated in
      21-week-old human fetuses with the use of tritiated etorphine, a non-selective
      opioid ligand. Binding capacities measured in the brain, the cerebellum and the
      spinal cord give values of 2.83, 3.71 and 5.42 pmol/g of tissue. Kd values do not
      vary from one region to the other and are respectively 0.29, 0.35 and 0.33 nM.
      These results are compared with the characteristics of opioid binding sites found
      in adults.

PMID- 3359320
TI  - Retinotopically inappropriate synapses of subnormal density formed by surgically
      misdirected optic fibers in goldfish tectum.
AB  - Selected optic fibers were surgically deflected from one tectum onto the opposite
      host tectum which was denervated by eye enucleation. At 6-8 months, deflected
      fibers were labeled with horseradish peroxidase and the retinotopically
      inappropriate part of tectum was examined using electron microscopy. Numerous
      (labeled) optic synapses were found in the primary optic innervation layer of the
      'wrong' part of tectum but they were about half the normal density. The number
      and density of non-optic synapses was not found to be affected. These findings
      indicate optic fibers compete with each other but not with non-optic fibers for
      synaptic sites in tectum.

PMID- 3359321
TI  - Differential localization of the high- and low-molecular weight variants of MAP2
      in the developing retina.
AB  - Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) occurs in developing mammalian neuronal
      tissue as both high (280 kDa)- and low (70 kDa)-molecular weight forms with
      temporally regulated expression. We have studied the developing avian retina with
      a monoclonal antibody that recognizes both the high- and low-molecular weight
      forms of MAP2 and a second monoclonal antibody that recognizes only high
      molecular weight MAP2. The developmentally regulated, low-molecular weight
      protein, MAP2c, has a more widespread distribution in the embryonic avian retina
      than high-molecular weight MAP2. Our results suggest that MAP2c is the first form
      of MAP2 to appear in differentiated embryonic retinal neurons, and that the high
      molecular weight isoforms of MAP2 appear only later when they may confer
      stability to neuronal processes.

PMID- 3359322
TI  - Reciprocal age-dependent pattern of two neuronal markers, tetanus toxin and
      neuron-specific enolase, in postnatal rat sensory and sympathetic neurons.
AB  - Tetanus toxin (TT) and antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were used to
      study the developmentally regulated expression of two neuronal markers in
      isolated and short-term cultured rat sensory and sympathetic neurons at different
      postnatal ages. The results show a reciprocal pattern of TT binding and NSE
      immunoreactive neurons during postnatal maturation: there is a gradual transition
      from TT-positive, NSE-negative to TT-negative, NSE-positive phenotypic
      expressions. We conclude that TT may serve as a neuronal marker for newborn, anti
      NSE antibodies as markers for adult neurons, and a combination of both for
      adolescent neurons.

PMID- 3359323
TI  - Developmental time course of the effect of nerve growth factor on the
      parasympathetic ciliary ganglion.
AB  - Neurite outgrowth in the presence and absence of nerve growth factor (NGF) was
      compared in neuronal cultures from the parasympathetic ciliary ganglion and from
      a traditional target of NGF, the sensory dorsal root ganglion. Both ciliary and
      dorsal root ganglion cultures exhibited a developmental time window during which
      the effect of NGF on neurite length was maximal. Although neuronal cultures from
      embryonic day 4 and 5 ganglia exhibited considerable neurite outgrowth in the
      absence of NGF, there was no significant increase in neurite outgrowth in the
      presence of NGF. After embryonic day 6, there was a steady increase in the effect
      of NGF in both types of ganglia. With ciliary ganglia, the effect of NGF
      increased until day 8, plateaued, then fell off significantly after day 11. With
      dorsal root ganglia, the effect of NGF continued to increase until day 12,
      plateaued, then fell off significantly after day 17. Thus, the period of maximal
      responsiveness of chick ciliary ganglia to NGF occurs earlier in development than
      for dorsal root ganglia. At the ages when the effect of NGF was maximal,
      approximately 20% of ciliary ganglion neurons exhibited substantial increases in
      neurite length compared to approximately 40% of dorsal root ganglion neurons. The
      effect of NGF was maximal at or below 1 ng/ml (4 X 10(-11) M) for both types of
      ganglia. These results support previous evidence that NGF does not simply boost
      ciliary ganglionic neurite growth non-specifically: the effect of NGF is already
      maximal at low, physiological concentrations and it appears at a specific time in
      development.

PMID- 3359324
TI  - A monoclonal antibody that binds to the surface of photoreceptors.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody (MAB), 7H11, that binds to the surface of photoreceptors
      has been produced. Using immunoaffinity procedures, proteins with molecular
      weights of 53, 48 and 42 kDa were found to bind a MAB 7H11 column, although the
      48- and 42-kDa proteins may be proteolytic breakdown products of the 53 kDa
      protein. Electron microscopic-immunohistochemical studies show that the antigen
      is concentrated on the external surface of inner and outer segments of
      photoreceptors. It is likely that the 7H11 antigen is a component of the
      interphotoreceptor matrix and, therefore, may contribute to some aspect of
      photoreceptor-pigment epithelial interactions. However, the expression of the
      7H11 antigen in cell culture suggests that it is expressed independently of
      direct cell-cell interactions with either pigment epithelial cells, Muller cells
      or other photoreceptors.

PMID- 3359325
TI  - Comparison of epi-GM3 with GM3 and GM1 as stimulators of neurite outgrowth.
AB  - A variety of naturally occurring ganglioside structures were previously shown to
      be effective agents for inducing neurite outgrowth of primary neurons and
      neuroblastoma lines. We report here the results of similar experiments with a
      synthetic epimer of GM3 (epi-GM3) possessing a neuraminidase-resistant beta
      ketosidic linkage. This substance was found to enhance neuritogenesis toward two
      transformed cell lines (neuro-2A, PC-12) and one primary neuronal tissue (dorsal
      root ganglia). The results indicate that the stereochemistry of the ketoside
      linkage is not critical and that metabolism of exogenous ganglioside by the
      treated cells is not involved directly in the neuritogenic phenomenon.

PMID- 3359326
TI  - Dorsal root reflexes in kittens.
AB  - Dorsal root reflexes, evoked by stimulating the peripheral nerves, were recorded
      from dorsal roots in kittens in the age range 1/2 day to 66 days and adult cats.
      No dorsal root reflex (DDR) activity was observed in the newborns. Once it
      appeared on 4th-5th day, the DRR magnitude (amplitude and duration) increased
      monotonically with age showing a peak at the end of the 4th week. During the 5th
      week, the activity declined towards adult values.

PMID- 3359327
TI  - Transient concordant distributions of nicotinic receptors and
      acetylcholinesterase activity in infant rat visual cortex.
AB  - For a short period during the second week after birth, layer IV of rat visual
      cortex displays intense acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity which demarcates
      area 17. We now report that this transient AChE pattern is paralleled by a marked
      increase in [3H]nicotine binding sites in layer IV of area 17. Muscarinic
      receptors show a different pattern. Neonatal bilateral enucleation results in a
      reduction of AChE reaction product and [3H]nicotine labelling in area 17, while
      leaving the pattern of muscarinic labelling virtually unaffected. The close
      association of [3H]nicotine labelling and AChE activity suggests that presynaptic
      nicotinic cholinergic receptors may modulate transmitter release while functional
      geniculocortical synapses are being formed.

PMID- 3359328
TI  - Migratory pathways and neuritic differentiation of inferior olivary neurons in
      the rat embryo. Axonal tracing study using the in vitro slab technique.
AB  - The use of the HRP retrograde tracing method, applied in vitro to embryonic (E15
      E20) cerebellum-brainstem slabs, has allowed the identification of single young
      postmitotic olivary neurons. Labeled neurons move within two migratory streams:
      one superficial, under the pia (the marginal stream), and the other, of earlier
      onset, deeper in the medullary parenchyma (the submarginal stream). All neurons
      in the latter converge to the inferior olive ipsilaterally to their proliferation
      site; whereas, most neurons within the marginal stream cross the midline and
      bypass the olivary domain. Only a few HRP-labeled neurons leave the marginal
      stream towards the olivary territory, on their proliferation side. Hence,
      contrary to previous reports, the submarginal stream provides almost all the
      olivary neurons (95% at least), while the contribution of the marginal stream is
      very small (5% at the most). Axonogenesis is the earliest event in neuritic
      differentiation. By E15, 48 h after proliferation, the axons at the front of the
      migrating neurons have already crossed the interolivary commissure, and reached
      at least the site of HRP application, while the cell bodies have not yet
      penetrated their terminal domain. An ipsilateral component of this axonal tract
      was never detected. Hence, the olivocerebellar projection is formed very early,
      and is entirely crossed from its onset. Dendritogenesis was also analyzed during
      intra-uterine life; olivary neurons evolve from a fusiform shape (typical of
      migrating neurons) to a stellate form, with long and straight dendrites (once
      arrived at their ultimate location). Thus the acquisition of their mature
      spherical 'ball of wool' shape is a postnatal event, most probably concomitant
      with the major synaptogenetic phase.

PMID- 3359330
TI  - Effects of kainic acid on seizure susceptibility in the developing brain.
AB  - The short and long-term effects of systemic administration of kainic acid to
      immature animals were studied in rats. Kainic acid was administered systemically
      to rats of 1-30 days of age. The rats were monitored for both behavioral and EEG
      changes. To study the effects of kainic acid on seizure susceptibility, status
      epilepticus was induced in 12-, 18-, and 27-day-old rats by systemic
      administration of kainic acid. Seizure susceptibility was assessed 3 days later
      using the kindling technique. In addition, another group of 27-day-old rats that
      developed status epilepticus following systemic administration of kainic acid
      were kindled as adults. Young rats (1 day of age) developed behavioral status
      epilepticus after kainic acid and ictal electroencephalographic changes were seen
      beginning at age 6 days. The 15- and 21-day-old rats kindled 3 days after kainic
      acid administration kindled at the same rate as controls. However, 30-day-old
      rats that received kainic acid at age 27 days kindled more quickly to stage-5
      seizures than controls. Rats that received kainic acid at age 27 days and
      maintained until adulthood developed spontaneous recurrent seizures and kindled
      faster as adults than controls. These results demonstrate that the effect of
      kainic acid on seizure susceptibility is an age-dependent phenomenon.

PMID- 3359329
TI  - Rat amnion membrane matrix as a substratum for regenerating axons from peripheral
      and central neurons: effects in a silicone chamber model.
AB  - An extracellular matrix preparation, the human amnion membrane matrix (hAMM) can
      serve as a neurite-promoting substratum for cultured peripheral and central
      neurons, and also as a support for axonal growth in experimentally injured adult
      brain in vivo. In the present study, we tested similar materials as bridges in a
      silicone chamber model for the regeneration of sciatic nerve in the adult rat.
      Since hAMM elicited an inflammatory response, we developed a rat amnion membrane
      matrix (rAMM), which proved to be an excellent neurite-promoting substratum for
      cultured ganglionic and spinal cord neurons. The rAMM was coiled and inserted in
      the 10 mm gap between the two nerve stumps from the silicone chambers. At 16 days
      after implantation, temporal progress of regeneration was grossly similar as in
      saline-prefilled control chambers. However, rAMM-prefilled chambers displayed
      significantly higher number of vessels and a markedly different geometry of the
      regenerate: an endoneurium, surrounded by a perineurial-like cell layer, was
      formed outside the largely preserved central portion of the rAMM coil. After
      longer regeneration times (28 days), a rAMM core was no longer detected, but some
      rAMM-like materials remained interspersed in the endoneurium. The overall
      organization of the regenerate and the number of myelinated axons at this time
      were similar to those of control chambers, although the endoneurial cross
      sectional area was larger in the rAMM chambers. One specimen, however, displayed
      the very patterns for which the experiments were designed, namely an array of
      numerous, myelinated axons tracing the spiraling spaces between consecutive
      lamellae of the rAMM coil.

PMID- 3359331
TI  - Schwann cell-conditioned medium promotes neurite outgrowth from explants of fetal
      rat retina and tectum in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the ability of Schwann cell-conditioned medium (SCCM) to promote
      neurite growth from embryonic retina and tectum in explant culture. Both retinal
      and tectal explants adhered to polylysine substrates, but neurite outgrowth from
      the explants was minimal when grown in the presence of non-conditioned serum-free
      defined medium. The addition of SCCM resulted in a significant extension of
      neurites from both types of explants. The neurite outgrowth from the retinal
      explants was mainly radial and appeared to be in fascicles of small diameter.
      Neurite outgrowth from the tectal explants stimulated by the SCCM tended to be in
      larger fascicles and in a more convoluted pattern than that seen from the retinal
      explants. After serial passaging of the SCCM to remove any substrate-adsorbable
      factors all neurite-promoting activity was lost. Neurite growth from 100% of the
      explants was seen on the tissue culture plates that had been preincubated with
      the SCCM. SCCM was analyzed by immunoblot to determine whether it contained
      laminin, a potent promoter of neurite outgrowth. Samples of media were
      electrophoresed on a sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel alongside
      purified laminin, transferred to nitrocellulose and stained with an antibody to
      laminin. Purified laminin ran in two bands at 400 kDa and 200 kDa. The
      conditioned media had a laminin positive band at 200 kDa. Antibody to laminin,
      when added to the conditioned media, resulted in a loss of the neurite promoting
      activity of the SCCM. These results suggest that the conditioned media contained
      laminin or a laminin-like molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359332
TI  - Developmental change in the nerve growth factor action from induction of choline
      acetyltransferase to promotion of cell survival in cultured basal forebrain
      cholinergic neurons from postnatal rats.
AB  - Nerve growth factor (NGF), a well-characterized target-derived growth factor, has
      been postulated to promote neuronal differentiation and survival of the basal
      forebrain cholinergic neurons. In the present paper, we demonstrate that a
      developmental change in NGF action occurs in postnatal rat basal forebrain
      cholinergic neurons in culture. Firstly, NGF acts as maturation factor by
      increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and acts later as a survival
      factor. In dissociated cell cultures of septal neurons from early postnatal (P1
      4) rats, ChAT activities were increased by the addition of NGF. That is, ChAT
      activities in P1 septal cells cultured for 7 days was increased 4-fold in the
      presence of NGF at a concentration of 100 ng/ml. However, the number of the
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive neurons was not significantly different
      between these groups. In contrast, septal neurons from P8 to P14 rats showed
      different responses to NGF. Although the P14 septal neurons in culture for 7 days
      without NGF lost about half of the ChAT activity during a 7-day cultivation,
      cells cultured with NGF retained the activity at the initial level. The number of
      AChE-positive neurons counted in cultures with NGF was much greater than the
      number without NGF. These results suggest that, during the early postnatal days,
      the action of NGF on the septal cholinergic neurons in culture changes from
      induction of ChAT activity to the promotion of cholinergic neuronal cell
      survival. During this developmental period in vivo, septal neurons are
      terminating their projections to the hippocampal formation. Similar NGF-regulated
      changes in cholinergic neurons were observed in cultured postnatal neurons from
      vertical limb of diagonal band. An analogy has been pointed out between the
      neuronal death of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and a similar neuronal
      death in senile dementia, especially Alzheimer's type. The work reported here
      might present a possibility that NGF could play a role in preventing the loss of
      the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in this disease.

PMID- 3359333
TI  - Regional difference in the dendritic morphology of dopamine cells in carp retina.
AB  - The dendritic morphology of dopamine (DA) cells in the inner plexiform layer of
      the retina of carp (body length, ca. 33 cm) was investigated by identifying their
      fluorescent cell bodies in isolated, aldehyde-fixed flat-mounts and injecting
      them iontophoretically with Lucifer yellow CH under microscopic control.
      Attention was paid to clarifying regional differences in their dendritic
      morphology. In the marginal zone within 0.25 mm from the retinal edge, the
      density of DA cells was extremely high (120 cells/mm2), their dendrites tended to
      extend in parallel with the retinal circumference, and the dendritic field size
      was small (2.5 X 10(-2) mm2). As the injection point was shifted centrally by
      steps, the dendrites of DA cells tended to extend toward the optic disc and
      subsequently toward the margin, finally forming a round or oval dendritic field
      for each cell. Concomitantly with such changes in the dendritic field, the cell
      density sharply decreased to about 30 cells/mm2, and the dendritic field size
      increased to 10 X 10(-2) mm2 in a zone 2-3 mm interior to the margin. However,
      the dendritic coverage factor was consistently about 3.0 over the entire retinal
      field. Such morphological changes observed sequentially from the retinal margin
      to the intermediate region represent a developmental course of DA cells in the
      carp retina.

PMID- 3359334
TI  - A low-molecular weight chick brain-derived growth factor is mitogenic for
      cultured astroglia from the chick embryo.
AB  - Immunohistochemically defined astrocytes from the 10-day chick embryo were
      stimulated to incorporate increased levels of [3H]thymidine when a low-molecular
      weight peptide growth factor, chick brain-derived growth factor (CBGF), was added
      to the cultures. Treatment of these GFAP-positive astrocytes with 10 ng/ml CBGF
      in medium supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum resulted in a 3.5-4-fold
      increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation when compared to astrocytes cultured in
      defined medium supplemented with 1% serum alone. CBGF had no effect on the
      survival, proliferation or differentiation of a number of other cell types from
      the 10-day chick embryo brain, including neurons and meningeal fibroblasts. CBGF
      was also ineffective as a mitogen for chick embryo skeletal muscle myoblasts,
      primary mouse embryo fibroblasts and one murine teratocarcinoma-derived cell line
      (STO). We suggest that CBGF might act as a mitogenic signal for astroglia during
      central nervous system development and repair.

PMID- 3359335
TI  - [Telangiectasia in the stomach in Osler's disease].

PMID- 3359336
TI  - [Noninvasive evaluation of the function of the left atrium in patients with
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3359337
TI  - [The T1 stage in prostatic carcinoma: incidence, morphologic characteristics,
      therapy and prognosis].

PMID- 3359338
TI  - [Reliability of pre-biopsy examination methods in the prevention of cancer of the
      uterine cervix].

PMID- 3359340
TI  - [Determination of hemodynamic parameters using ultrasound].

PMID- 3359339
TI  - [Rheocardiography with emphasis on parameters of systole].

PMID- 3359341
TI  - [Correlation between the results of a medical examination for detection of
      alcohol in the blood and the levels determined by analysis].

PMID- 3359342
TI  - [Decrease in the level of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in
      the maternal-placental-fetal system].

PMID- 3359343
TI  - [Problems in reoperations and "second-look" operations in malignant tumors of the
      ovary].

PMID- 3359344
TI  - [Personal experience with Zaditen in the prevention of respiratory diseases in
      children].

PMID- 3359345
TI  - [Changes in hematomas after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in the CT picture].

PMID- 3359346
TI  - [Chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities--etiology and
      pathogenesis].

PMID- 3359347
TI  - [Dolomite and the possibilities of its use].

PMID- 3359348
TI  - [Immunohistologic study of periapical granuloma].

PMID- 3359350
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the red pulp of the spleen in hemorrhagic-traumatic
      shock].

PMID- 3359349
TI  - [Changes in the sciatic nerve in guinea pigs in partial ischemia].

PMID- 3359351
TI  - Physiologic cardiac pacing: impact of on-line sensor technology.

PMID- 3359352
TI  - Coronary care unit utilization in Hamilton, Ontario, a city of 375,000 people.
AB  - All cardiac admissions to coronary care unit (CCU) beds and all intensive care
      unit (ICU) overflow admissions in Hamilton, Ontario, a city of 375,000 people,
      were documented over a one-year period, 1979-80. There were 4180 such admissions,
      89% of them to CCUs. In the CCUs, 22% of patients had acute myocardial
      infarction, 24% unstable angina and 21% other chest pain. For myocardial
      infarction, hospitalization rate was 224 per 100,000, hospital mortality 42 per
      100,000 and 48% of all myocardial infarction deaths in the community occurred in
      hospital. Of all myocardial infarction patients admitted to the CCU, 69% were
      correctly diagnosed on admission (sensitivity) and of all the admission diagnoses
      of myocardial infarction, 72% were eventually found to be correct (positive
      predictive value). Mean values for CCU patients overall were age 62.5 years, CCU
      stay 2.88 days and hospital stay 9.7 days; and for acute myocardial infarction
      patients in CCUs, age 63.4 years, CCU stay 3.98 days and hospital stay 13.28
      days. For myocardial infarction, CCU mortality was 10.9%, hospital mortality
      15.2% and, with the inclusion of ICU overflow patients, hospital mortality was
      17.6%. Age-specific mortality for myocardial infarction was 9.7% age 45 to 64
      years, and 32.8% over 70 years.

PMID- 3359355
TI  - A study of dietary patterns of elite Australian football players.
AB  - This report describes the dietary patterns of 56 elite Australian Rules football
      players. Data collected included an anthropometric profile, training information,
      and measurements of haemoglobin and blood lipids. Information on dietary
      practices, for training and game preparation, was collected by interview and food
      diary. Analysis of training diets showed a mean energy intake of 14.2 MJ/day
      (0.17 MJ/kg/day). Mean protein intake was 126 g/day (1.5 g/kg/day). The
      proportions of dietary energy contributed by the macronutrients were
      carbohydrate, 44%; fat, 37%; protein, 15%; and alcohol, 4%. Mean daily intake of
      selected vitamins and minerals from food sources was: retinol activity, 1439 mg;
      thiamin, 1.7 mg; riboflavin, 2.8 mg; niacin equivalents, 45.1 mg; vitamin C, 139
      mg; iron, 19.6 mg; and calcium, 1016 mg. Carbohydrate intake was considered low,
      but overall intake of nutrients studied was adequate.

PMID- 3359353
TI  - 'Early' ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: antiarrhythmic effects of
      diltiazem in the conscious rat.
AB  - The ability of diltiazem to prevent early ischemia and reperfusion-induced
      arrhythmias was investigated in conscious rats with coronary artery occlusion.
      During a 30-min period of occlusion of the left coronary artery, 100% of placebo
      treated animals exhibited ventricular tachycardia, 65% exhibited ventricular
      fibrillation and the mean total number of premature ventricular complexes was
      1076 +/- 254. Diltiazem (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg body weight, given intravenously 10
      mins prior to coronary occlusion), reduced the incidence of ventricular
      tachycardia to 62% (P less than 0.01) and 54% (P less than 0.001), respectively
      and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 31% (P = NS) and 15% (P less
      than 0.01), respectively. The total number of premature ventricular complexes was
      also reduced to 248 +/- 78 (P = NS) and 156 +/- 55 (P less than 0.02). The
      development of ST segment elevation, induced by coronary artery occlusion, was
      delayed in both drug-treated groups. Similarly, diltiazem, at the same doses,
      reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation induced by reperfusion after 5
      mins of coronary artery occlusion from 100% to 50% (P less than 0.01) and 25% (P
      less than 0.001) and mortality from 87% to 42% (P less than 0.02) and 25% (P less
      than 0.01), respectively. The anti-arrhythmic effects of diltiazem were not
      related to changes in heart rate and all groups showed similar occluded zone
      sizes, as measured by a fluorescent microsphere technique. Thus, diltiazem
      affords substantial protection against both early ischemia-induced ventricular
      arrhythmias and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and this action may be associated
      with the beneficial effects on ischemia-induced ST segment elevation.

PMID- 3359354
TI  - Correlation between the effects of aspirin and dipyridamole on platelet function
      and prevention of intimal hyperplasia in autologous vein grafts.
AB  - Fifty-four adult mongrel dogs receiving a lipid-supplemented diet were used to
      determine the effects of aspirin and dipyridamole on vein graft intimal
      hyperplasia. Twenty-one animals received the diet alone, 17 animals received a
      combination of dipyridamole and aspirin, while a further 16 animals received
      dipyridamole. Segments of undistended external jugular vein were anastomosed to
      bilaterally-divided femoral arteries. The vein grafts were harvested at six weeks
      and intimal thickness was measured with a Zeiss computerized microscope. Serum
      cholesterol, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and clotting time was
      measured before the diet and at two, four and six weeks after operation. Plasma
      thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and the metabolite of prostacyclin I2 (6-keto PGF1 alpha)
      were determined by radioimmunoassay before and four weeks following operation. A
      similar and significant increase in serum cholesterol was observed in all animals
      receiving lipid supplementation. Platelet counts were significantly decreased in
      those animals receiving a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole while all other
      hematological parameters remained unchanged. Plasma TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha
      were unaffected by dipyridamole but were significantly decreased in those animals
      receiving the combined drug regimen. Intimal thickness measured 59 +/- 6 micron
      at six weeks in the controls. Dipyridamole reduced intimal thickness to 26 +/- 2
      micron while aspirin and dipyridamole decreased intimal thickness to 28 +/- 2
      micron. The data indicate that dipyridamole was as effective in reducing smooth
      muscle cell proliferation as the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole.
      Furthermore, the data suggest that antiplatelet drug regimens may reduce intimal
      thickening in autologous vein grafts by a mechanism other than affecting the
      thromboxane:prostacyclin ratio.

PMID- 3359356
TI  - Advance cues and their use in predicting tennis passing shots.
AB  - The present investigation represents an attempt to begin to delineate the
      specific advance cues that tennis players might employ as a basis for predicting
      the passing shots (i.e., forehand and backhand; down-the-line, cross-court, or
      lob) of their opponents and, as well, to evaluate the predictive accuracy of any
      such cues identified. In addition, an effort has been made to determine whether
      individuals judged to possess advanced tennis skills make more effective use of
      available telegraphic cues than do those players considered to possess only an
      intermediate level of overall tennis proficiency. The results obtained indicate
      that advance body-language cues do exist that accurately forecast passing-shot
      location, and this is particularly true for forehand shots. Some of the actual
      cues employed are reported. Generally, advanced players predicted passing-shot
      type more accurately than did their intermediate counterparts. In some instances,
      this difference in accuracy can be attributed to the fact that the intermediate
      players were unaware of what the telegraphic cues were (e.g., backhand shots)
      while, in other situations, the difference in prediction ability is primarily due
      to the intermediate players' more frequent failure to detect the presence of
      known telegraphic cues (i.e., forehand shots).

PMID- 3359357
TI  - Sport biomechanics: data collection, modelling, and implementation stages of
      development.
AB  - This paper discusses three stages of research development that form an integral
      part of the total process necessary to attain the biomechanist's goal in sport
      research. The paper is not intended as a comprehensive review of the areas
      contained within the three stages but rather as a focusing implement that draws
      the attention of the reader to selected aspects in the following three stages of
      sport research development: (a) data collection, (b) mathematical modelling, and
      (c) implementation. The basic contents of this paper were presented at the annual
      CASS Conference held in Ottawa in 1986.

PMID- 3359358
TI  - Blood pressure in resistance-trained athletes.
AB  - Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in age-matched
      bodybuilders (n = 31) and medical students (n = 37). Also, systolic blood
      pressure and heart rate were assessed during progressive cycle ergometer exercise
      at 100-200 W. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures at rest and systolic blood
      pressure response during exercise were comparable in bodybuilders and students.
      Bodybuilders, however, displayed lower (p less than 0.01-0.001) heart rate at
      identical power outputs of exercise. Consequently, when considering intergroup
      differences in muscle mass, circulatory responses were similar in bodybuilders
      and students. The results of the present study together with other observations
      suggest that intense long-term strength training, as performed by bodybuilders,
      does not constitute a potential cardiovascular risk factor.

PMID- 3359359
TI  - Frequency and predictability of sports injuries in intercollegiate athletes.
AB  - This study analyzes injury frequency and predictability in 712 intercollegiate
      athletes in 24 different male and female sports over the 1984-85 season. The
      injury rate was 38% for males and 32% for females, with the males suffering more
      acute injuries. While the men's hockey team had the highest player injury rate,
      the football team had the greatest absolute number of injuries. Overall, the
      anatomic location with the highest injury rate was the knee, while sprains were
      the most common type of injury. Further elaboration of these results are provided
      in graphic form. By comparing injury occurrence to past history and
      preparticipation physical findings, this study assesses the predictability of
      injury. With one exception, no significant relationship was found. It would
      appear that the preseason exam may play a role in identification, rather than
      prediction of sports injuries.

PMID- 3359360
TI  - [Hematological variations with submaximal long-term physical exercise].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold stress on routine
      hematologic parameters when subjects are submitted on long-lasting exercise.
      Eight male subjects, aged 22.7 +/- 1.3 years with a peak oxygen consumption of
      54.3 +/- 5.2 mL/kg/min performed, respectively at 20 degrees C and 0 degrees C, a
      two-hour submaximal cyclergometry at an intensity of 40% of that performed during
      a previous exhaustive test. A 21-gauge catheter was inserted into an ante cubital
      vein for collection of the blood samples. Platelets and WBC count was
      significantly (p less than 0.05) increased during exercise in both 20 degrees C
      and 0 degrees C environmental temperatures. A slight but not statistically
      significant increase of RBC, Hb and Hct and a plasma concentration during cold
      exposure was observed. Indices are unchanged in both experiments. The findings of
      this study suggest that physical exercise is a major factor inducing hypervolemia
      and that low thermal environment does not appear to be an effective factor
      influencing hematologic variables during exercise.

PMID- 3359361
TI  - Maximal aerobic power after competitive marathon running.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of a group of male runners (n = 4) to do maximal and
      submaximal exercise before and after they ran a competitive marathon (42.2 km)
      race. VO2max was determined 3 to 6 times in each runner, on alternate days, 1-4
      weeks prior to the race, and again an equal number of times, once the runners had
      recovered from muscle soreness (avg. 7 days) after the race. Each test consisted
      of a 10 min treadmill walk (8.6% slope, 94 m.min-1 [3.5 miles.h-1]) followed by a
      5 min run (8.6% slope, 188 m.min-1 [7 miles.h-1]). After this time, the speed was
      increased 10 m.min-1 every minute until exhaustion. No differences in VO2 were
      observed during submaximal exercise, and no reduction in VO2max occurred. One
      runner, however, exhibited a substantial and consistent increase in VO2max after
      the marathon (73.6 +/- 1.5 (SE) to 79.9 +/- 0.7 mL.kg-1.min-1, p less than 0.05).
      Treadmill exercise-induced increases in hematocrit, blood hemoglobin, and plasma
      protein, cortisol, lactate and norepinephrine concentrations were unaltered after
      the marathon. We conclude that, following a period of sufficient recovery from
      muscle soreness, oxygen delivery and utilization mechanisms remain intact after
      marathon running.

PMID- 3359362
TI  - Decision styles and coaching effectiveness in university soccer.
AB  - The Normative Model for Decision Styles in Coaching (Chelladurai and Haggerty,
      1978) was empirically tested using Canadian Intercollegiate (CIAU) soccer teams.
      The subsequent utility of the model's prescriptions for optimizing decision
      styles of soccer coaches was seriously questioned. Only 33% agreement was found
      with the model's prescriptions for both CIAU coaches and their athletes. Neither
      coaches nor athletes were particularly inclined to use delegation in decision
      making. Athletes, more than their coaches, preferred consultative styles. In
      support of research findings from business and industrial settings, there was
      evidence to suggest that high congruence scores between a coach's decision styles
      and those preferred and perceived by athletes, could predict athlete perceptions
      of coaching effectiveness.

PMID- 3359363
TI  - Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of national sport administrators.
AB  - Data gathered from a larger study of policy making in selected national sport
      organizations afforded an opportunity to examine certain key characteristics that
      sport administrators bring to their jobs. These people were characterized as male
      anglophones in their mid- to late thirties, who had six years of full-time job
      experience. Almost 40% came from low socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds.
      About half stated they were bilingual; most of the rest spoke only English. About
      half of these sport administrators had completed their secondary school education
      in Ontario; they typically held a university degree in physical education or a
      related field. These data are discussed in light of their implications for policy
      making in national sport organizations related to three current issues in sport,
      namely, the under-representation of females, francophones, and people from low
      SES backgrounds.

PMID- 3359364
TI  - The effects of two physical fitness programs designed for mentally retarded
      adults.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to design a systematic program of fitness training
      that enhances physical fitness of mentally retarded adults in sheltered
      workshops. The first phase of the study was a six-month program conducted by
      physical education graduate students while the second phase was four months in
      duration and led by workshop employees. Instructors followed a manual containing
      48 lesson plans that were specifically prepared for mentally retarded
      participants. The physical fitness programs were evaluated using the Canadian
      Standardized Test of Fitness. MANOVA results revealed that both the six-month and
      four-month programs increased the physical fitness of the mentally retarded
      workers, although cardiovascular endurance improved only as a function of the
      four-month program.

PMID- 3359365
TI  - [Analysis of advance visual indices in receiving a tennis serve].
AB  - The aim of this study is to analyse the differential visual patterns of expert
      and non-expert tennis players preparing to return a tennis serve. Two 16 mm films
      were used for testing purposes; 27 services were delivered and recorded on each
      film. The subjects had to identify verbally the type of serve delivered. During
      film viewing, eye movements were recorded by an Eye Mark Recorder NAC V. Results
      revealed that the expert players seem to use cues from the general position of
      the body during the ritual phase and cues from the racquet position during the
      execution phase.

PMID- 3359366
TI  - Inter-generation transmission of physical fitness in the Canadian population.
AB  - Body weight, height, body mass index, skinfold measurements, waist-to-hip ratio
      (WHR), somatotype components, muscular endurance and strength, flexibility,
      resting heart rate and submaximal power output (PWC150/kg) were measured in
      13,804 subjects during the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey. Familial correlations were
      computed to determine the contribution of transmissible (t2) and environmental
      (e2) factors in physical fitness by path analysis. Transmissibility estimates
      (t2) under 0.30 for weight, height, WHR and PWC150/kg, above 0.40 for mesomorphy,
      ectomorphy, push-up test and flexibility, and between 0.30 and 0.40 for the other
      measurements were obtained. These results suggest that e2 account for more than
      50% of the variation and that the average total biological and cultural
      inheritance from parents to offspring in physical fitness of Canadians accounts
      for 30% to 40% of the phenotypic variation.

PMID- 3359367
TI  - Relationships among self-reported physical activity, aerobic fitness and reaction
      time.
AB  - Three age groups were studied: 10-11, 17-18, and 23-24 year-olds. Significant
      correlations were found between aerobic fitness and physical activity level and
      between aerobic fitness and reaction time, in the oldest group only.

PMID- 3359368
TI  - Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption during performance of the Wingate Test.
AB  - The aerobic contribution to the Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT) was evaluated
      by measuring breath-by-breath oxygen consumption (VO2) in five male subjects.
      Assuming an optimal mechanical efficiency, net VO2 during the WAnT could account
      for about 18.5% of the work performed.

PMID- 3359369
TI  - South African doctors flock to Saskatchewan.

PMID- 3359370
TI  - What you should know about HSOs.

PMID- 3359371
TI  - Influenza vaccination for athletes?

PMID- 3359372
TI  - Long-term outcome after respiratory rehabilitation.

PMID- 3359373
TI  - Loxoscelism in Canada.

PMID- 3359374
TI  - Research toward health for all: the National Health Research and Development
      Program.

PMID- 3359375
TI  - What is the potential for moving adult surgery to the ambulatory setting?
AB  - Data from the Manitoba health insurance program were used to analyse the patterns
      of outpatient surgery in patients aged 20 years or older in the eight largest
      hospitals in the province (all with at least 125 beds) in 1983-84. With the
      exception of tooth extraction, only procedures that were not done more than 86%
      of the time as inpatient or outpatient procedures were considered. Large
      differences between the hospitals and between physicians within each hospital
      were found in the rates of outpatient surgery, even after adjustment for patient
      characteristics and differences in case mix. If the standard of the hospital with
      the highest rate of outpatient surgery were followed by the seven other
      hospitals, up to 17.5 inpatient beds could be closed or freed. However, the
      potential savings from substituting outpatient for inpatient procedures must be
      realistically appraised. The appropriate place for monitoring the use of
      inpatient and outpatient surgery may be the individual hospital, particularly
      those with high occupancy rates and a large demand for inpatient beds.

PMID- 3359376
TI  - [Variations in the incidence of fractures of the upper part of the femur in aged
      persons in the Quebec region].
AB  - To estimate the incidence of fracture of the proximal end of the femur in people
      aged 50 years or older living in the Quebec area in 1971, 1976 and 1981 we
      determined the number of admissions for such fractures to the 15 acute care
      hospitals in the region. From 1971 to 1981 the number of fractures increased by
      71%; the increases for those aged 75 to 84 years and 85 years or over were 98%
      and 118% respectively. The variation is only partly explained by changes in sex
      and age distribution of the population; the incidence rates also increased. Among
      men aged 75 to 84 years the incidence rate per 1000 person-years rose from 2.63
      in 1971 to 5.22 in 1981, an increase of 98%; the corresponding figures for men
      aged 85 years or more were 9.76 and 16.91, an increase of 73%. Among women aged
      75 to 84 years the rate rose from 7.28 to 8.81, an increase of 21%; the
      corresponding figures for women aged 85 years or more were 20.40 and 24.27, an
      increase of 21% and 19% respectively.

PMID- 3359377
TI  - The Federal Centre for AIDS: working against a plague mentality.

PMID- 3359378
TI  - Mandatory AIDS testing not needed behind bars, doctor says.

PMID- 3359379
TI  - Remember one main rule when called to testify: be prepared.

PMID- 3359380
TI  - "I'll see you in court": US still looking for malpractice cure.

PMID- 3359382
TI  - Selected topics in medicine and surgery.

PMID- 3359381
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

PMID- 3359383
TI  - Duplication methods for replacement of broken orthoses.
AB  - The methods presented for replacement of broken orthoses have proved very
      effective (Fig. 9). In more than 5 years of employing such duplication
      techniques, we have found patient satisfaction in the product to be commensurate
      with that for their originally prescribed devices. The techniques presented are
      not the only methods by which orthoses can be duplicated. We recognize that the
      clinician should refabricate the same orthosis only when the cause of breakage
      has been determined to be material fatigue or stress. Should the patient's
      weight, foot structure, or activities have changed, new orthoses should be
      fabricated with those factors in mind.

PMID- 3359384
TI  - Benign leiomyoma of the foot: a case report.
AB  - This article describes a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells, its clinical
      findings, and its differential diagnosis. Surgical intervention is considered to
      be the only definitive therapy.

PMID- 3359385
TI  - The efficacy of laser surgery for verruca plantaris: report of a study.
AB  - Many therapeutic modalities are available to eradicate plantar verrucae. Lately,
      lasers have gained a great deal of notoriety in the treatment of verrucae. In
      this study, we chose to evaluate the success of using one laser treatment for
      full eradication of verrucae. The results indicated that the greatest success
      rate occurred with solitary lesions. Other studies of methods of verrucae
      treatment yielded similar results to those of the laser, with cryotherapy
      achieving the highest success rate. However, the higher rate was based on an
      average of two treatments, whereas this study obtained similar results with just
      one. The laser also has the advantages of minimal postoperative pain, minimal
      healing time, and less damage to perilesional tissue. These advantages make the
      laser a viable option in the treatment of verrucae plantaris.

PMID- 3359386
TI  - The neuropathic joint in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - This article discusses the development and treatment of Charcot's joints in
      patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Historical and clinical reviews are
      presented, as are case illustrations. This article provides the practitioner with
      a comprehensive review of diagnosis and treatment of this clinical entity.

PMID- 3359387
TI  - Patients on Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor in Alberta: a statistical summary
      with comments on treatment and release procedures.
AB  - Files on all 48 Alberta patients under Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor were
      reviewed in late 1984, early 1985. Few were on Warrant as a result of unfitness
      to stand trial and all carried a primary diagnosis involving major mental
      disorder. More than half were considered paranoidal. Two-thirds of the population
      had killed someone or attempted to do so. Only eight had not previously been
      inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Nearly half of the patients offended against
      relatives. Close to two-thirds had a previous criminal record. The Alberta
      Hospital's Forensic Service is described as is the province's Board of Review.
      Two brief case studies help portray the system of gradual release. The authors
      comment on the design of services for this group of patients known to be hard to
      treat and administer.

PMID- 3359388
TI  - The course of depression in elderly outpatients.
AB  - Sixty-four elderly outpatients diagnosed according to the criteria of DSM-III as
      having affective disorders were submitted to follow-up study for 6-24 months
      (mean 15 months). Twenty patients (31%) were in good health throughout follow-up,
      fourty-four patients (69%) remained more or less chronically ill. The prognosis
      was better in patients diagnosed as having "adjustment disorder with depressed
      mood" and "dysthymic disorder"; when onset was late, and when there were no signs
      of organic brain C.N.S. damage.

PMID- 3359389
TI  - The teaching of psychiatric epidemiology in Canadian psychiatry residency
      programs.
AB  - In an attempt to evaluate the current state of the training residents receive in
      psychiatric epidemiology in Psychiatry Residency programs, the Canadian Academy
      of Psychiatric Epidemiology sent a questionnaire to the 16 Canadian Residency
      Program Directors. Thirteen of the 16 directors (82%) responded. Program
      directors identified a number of the common components to the training, although
      there was wide variation in the time allocated and the availability of resources.
      The biggest single obstacle to the teaching was a perceived lack of interest on
      the part of the residents.

PMID- 3359390
TI  - Psychiatric complications of surgery in the male.
AB  - Four male patients with severe personality disturbance are described in whom
      surgery on their genital or perineal areas is followed or preceded by increased
      psychiatric symptomatology. In one case where adequate historical detail was
      available, the psychodynamics of the case, including the unconscious meaning of
      surgery to the patient, are formulated. Suggestions are made on how to identify
      and manage such patients.

PMID- 3359391
TI  - Longitudinal evolution of individuals having appealed their committal to the
      C.A.S.
AB  - The longitudinal evolution of 66 patients admitted between 1976 and 1986 at the
      Centre Hospitalier Robert-Giffard, and who have appealed their case before the
      Commission des Affaires Sociales (C.A.S.) was studied. After a review of the
      literature, the authors compare the evolution of the patients whose appeal was
      accepted and who left the hospital against medical advice to those individuals
      whose appeal was rejected. The authors wanted to see if the first group of
      patients had a less favourable short-term and medium term evolution. From a study
      of the files and of the case notes prepared by the physicians for the C.A.S.
      hearings, the authors draw a profile of the typical individual of this group and
      they study the influence of 16 factors of dangerousness on the Commission's
      decisions. The results show that the short and medium term evolution of the
      patients who have appealed their case before the Commission does not differ
      significantly in the area of dangerousness, whether their appeal was accepted or
      rejected. However, the length of stay of those patients who had to remain in
      hospital was significantly longer and that may be the reason why the period of
      time between their discharge and their re-hospitalization was afterwards much
      longer. In light of these results, the authors comment on the importance given by
      the Commission to the legalistic rather than therapeutic aspects of cases.

PMID- 3359392
TI  - Symptom patterns of alcoholism in a northern Ontario population.
AB  - Alcoholism is noted to be a common problem in Canada and particularly in native
      populations. We report here a survey of the frequency of evidence of alcoholism
      over a period of four months in a relatively isolated Northern Ontario population
      in which more than 80% were either status Indians or of partly Indian origin.
      Using questionnaire methods, "definite" alcoholism was found to affect 27% of
      adults seen at a clinic and probable alcoholism affected another 20%. This gives
      a minimum prevalence of 14.6% of the local adult population over a four month
      period on the basis merely of examination of less than one third of the adults in
      the community. Blackouts, tremors, bad temper, chest pain, unsteadiness, loss of
      appetite, vomiting, sadness and stomach pain occurred significantly more often in
      the alcoholic patients. Stomach pain, loss of appetite and vomiting were less
      prominent with alcoholism in this population than in a Southern population. The
      findings indicate the importance in general practice of looking for alcoholism,
      the ease with which this may be undertaken with a few very simple short questions
      and the importance of some characteristic patterns, especially blackouts,
      shakiness and unsteadiness as one pattern and stomach pain and other gastro
      intestinal symptoms as another pattern.

PMID- 3359393
TI  - Some determinants of individual differences in the behaviour of children of
      parentally deprived parents.
AB  - Parents who had been placed in an orphanage as children rated the behaviour of
      all their children who were between the ages of 6-18 years on a children's
      behaviour survey instrument. All families were intact and the parents had not
      requested professional help for marital problems. A significant number of
      relationships were found between parental background variables and higher
      reported levels of conflict with siblings and with parents, dependent-unassertive
      behaviour, and undemandingness in the children. Although sampling difficulties
      preclude generalization, the results suggest that repercussion of events in the
      lives of the first and second generation that are usually pathogenic may be seen
      in the third generation, even when the second generation may not be grossly
      adversely affected. These events most frequently related to individual
      differences in the third generation in the area of undercontrol of aggression
      directed toward parents and siblings.

PMID- 3359394
TI  - Evaluation of psychogeriatric services.
AB  - To date, the effectiveness and efficiency of different psychogeriatric services
      is unknown. In the future, these different services must be evaluated by means of
      randomized clinical trials.

PMID- 3359395
TI  - Psychopathic adaptations in the vulnerable patient.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fluidity of symptoms that a group of
      psychiatric patients presents during the passage of time. Although clinically
      recognizable and worthy of attention, this fluctuation makes the illness
      difficult to conceptualize under a definitive diagnostic category. Such a dilemma
      is very familiar to the hospital psychiatrist. The authors present a case to
      illustrate the fluidity of symptoms manifested by a patient throughout the course
      of her illness. Awareness of the changing clinical presentations may alert us
      both to reformulate the patient on an ongoing basis, and to identify the
      different intervention needs at various points in time.

PMID- 3359396
TI  - Fire fetishism.

PMID- 3359397
TI  - Management of post traumatic stress disorder and ethnicity.

PMID- 3359398
TI  - Anorgasmia associated with desipramine.

PMID- 3359399
TI  - Pulmonary tumor embolization after peritoneovenous shunting for malignant
      ascites.
AB  - An 85-year-old woman with intractable malignant ascites secondary to ovarian
      carcinoma underwent peritoneovenous shunting (Denver shunt) in an attempt to
      alleviate the ascites. Implantation of the shunt resulted in massive embolization
      of tumor cells to the pulmonary vasculature. Postoperatively, she developed
      increasing hypoxia with progressive rises in pulmonary artery pressure, and died
      48 hours after surgery as a result of occlusion of the pulmonary vascular bed by
      tumor emboli. This is the sixth reported instance of massive tumor embolization
      to the pulmonary circulation in patients with peritoneovenous shunting for
      malignant ascites.

PMID- 3359400
TI  - Fatal hepatic vascular toxicity of DTIC. Is it really a rare event?
AB  - A fatal massive hepatic necrosis with widespread thrombotic occlusion of the
      small hepatic veins developed in two of 68 patients treated with DTIC for
      advanced melanoma in a randomized study. Thirteen similar reactions, in patients
      treated with single-agent DTIC, are reported in the literature. Several clinical
      and pathologic features distinguish this DTIC toxicity from Budd-Chiari syndrome
      and veno-occlusive disease (both well-known types of possibly drug-related
      hepatic vascular disease) and make it a distinctive syndrome. We were impressed
      by the repeated occurrence of this complication in a relatively small set of
      patients, in contrast with the rarity of the literature reports. We suggest that
      this dramatic complication could occur more frequently than commonly thought.
      Therefore, caution should be used with DTIC, particularly in curable patients.

PMID- 3359401
TI  - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Tumors missed by radiologic examination in 61
      patients.
AB  - Radiologic examinations preceding the diagnosis of colorectal carcinomas were
      retrospectively scrutinized in 708 patients with 731 carcinomas that were
      radiographically investigated 741 times. Sixty-four lesions were missed 74 times,
      giving a 90% sensitivity of the radiographic methods used. Of the errors, 82%
      were perceptive, and 3% were interpretative. Eleven examinations in nine patients
      revealed no lesions, although the examinations were done within 2 years of the
      diagnosis of a carcinoma. Missed lesions were more common than expected in the
      cecum and the ascending colon (P less than 0.001), and 18% of the patients had
      multiple tumors (expected incidence 3.6%, P less than 0.001). The median delay in
      diagnosis was 20 months, and patients whose diagnosis was delayed for a long time
      tended to have more advanced carcinomas at diagnosis. As a lesion was identified
      either at the initial examination or retrospectively 730 of 741 times, the
      potential sensitivity of the radiographic methods used was 99%. It is concluded
      that barium enema is still an excellent method for the detection of colorectal
      carcinoma provided that perceptive errors can be minimized.

PMID- 3359402
TI  - Chemotherapy versus chemotherapy with intralymphatic tumor cell vaccine in canine
      lymphoma.
AB  - Fifty-eight dogs with lymphoma were treated with combination chemotherapy
      (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, L-asparaginase, and doxorubicin HCl [VCAA])
      followed by intralymphatic autochthonous tumor cell vaccine (CI). Thirty dogs
      received chemotherapy alone (VCAA). There was no overall significant difference
      in survival times between the two groups, although there was a trend toward
      prolonged survival in the CI group. Asymptomatic dogs (Stage A) and dogs less
      than 7 years of age with Stage A disease treated with CI had significantly longer
      survival. Dogs treated with CI had a significantly longer first remission.
      Regardless of treatment group, male dogs had significantly longer remission times
      compared with female dogs.

PMID- 3359403
TI  - Inhibitory effect of prolonged administration of tetragastrin on experimentally
      induced intestinal metaplasia in Wistar rats.
AB  - The effect of tetragastrin on the induction of intestinal metaplasia by
      intragastric administration of 5% NaOH solution was investigated in Wistar rats.
      The prolonged administration of tetragastrin in depot form from 1 week after NaOH
      treatment resulted in a significant increase in basal gastric acid secretion and
      a significant reduction in the incidence and number of intestinal metaplasia in
      experiment week 35. A histologic examination showed goblet cell metaplasia and
      intestinal metaplasia without Paneth cells in rats treated only with olive oil.
      Only goblet cell metaplasia was found in rats treated with tetragastrin. These
      results show that the prolonged administration of tetragastrin to rats after NaOH
      treatment increases gastric acid secretion and suppresses the induction of
      intestinal metaplasia.

PMID- 3359404
TI  - High serum ferritin level as a marker of malignant histiocytosis and virus
      associated hemophagocytic syndrome.
AB  - Serum ferritin level was measured serially in three malignant histiocytosis (MH)
      and five virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) patients. Serum ferritin
      levels were greater than 1000 ng/ml at the early phase of disease. When
      disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in patients, serum
      ferritin levels elevated further to greater than 12,000 ng/ml. MH patients were
      treated by combination chemotherapy, and VAHS patients were given prednisone.
      Each MH and VAHS patient died within 1 week from the onset of DIC, without
      decrease of serum ferritin level. One MH patient with continued high serum
      ferritin levels for 3 months after DIC also died. The remaining patients with
      decreased serum ferritin values less than 1000 ng/ml at 3 months after DIC are
      now alive with normal serum ferritin levels. These results suggest that serum
      ferritin level in histiocytic proliferative disorders is a useful indicator of
      disease activity in both neoplastic and reactive conditions rather than only a
      marker of malignant process.

PMID- 3359405
TI  - Proliferative disease and atypia in biopsies performed for nonpalpable lesions
      detected mammographically.
AB  - A recent study of risk factors for breast cancer indicated elevated risks of 5.3
      and 1.9 times, respectively, for women with biopsy specimens showing atypical
      hyperplasia (AH) and proliferative disease without atypia. These risks increase
      to 11 and 3.2 times, respectively, in women who also have a family history of
      breast cancer. This study reviews lesions detected mammographically in a series
      of patients with documented risk factors. The pathologic specimens of 100
      consecutive localization breast biopsies performed for nonpalpable abnormalities
      detected mammographically were reviewed and classified according to the criteria
      of Dupont and Page in order to determine the incidence of AH and proliferative
      breast disease. The mammographic characteristics and historical risk factors of
      these women also were correlated. Twenty percent of the biopsy specimens showed
      carcinomas, 55% of which were noninvasive. AH was found in an additional 10% of
      the biopsy specimens, whereas proliferative disease without atypia occurred in
      21% of the biopsy specimens. Forty-nine percent of the biopsy specimens showed
      nonproliferative changes. This study demonstrated that mammography, in addition
      to its ability to detect small nonpalpable cancers, identifies a high percentage
      (31% in this series) of women with pathologic lesions known to have an elevated
      risk for subsequent breast cancer. The current impetus for large-scale
      mammographic screening of asymptomatic women mandates the development of rational
      therapeutic protocols to accommodate the widening spectrum of high-risk
      pathologic lesions found in these selected populations.

PMID- 3359406
TI  - Histopathologic prognostic factors in adenocarcinomas of the peripheral lung less
      than 2 cm in diameter.
AB  - The histologic prognostic factors of pulmonary adenocarcinomas of the lung less
      than 2 cm in diameter were analyzed in 75 patients who had undergone surgical
      resection. The pathologic stage, lymph node involvement, and pleural involvement
      were found to be the major determinants of prognosis (P less than 0.01). In
      addition, other single factors, such as tumor differentiation (P less than 0.01),
      vascular invasion (P less than 0.01), the degree of collagenization in the
      fibrotic focus (P less than 0.01), the standard deviation (SD) of nuclear areas
      (P less than 0.05), and mitotic index (P less than 0.05) correlated significantly
      with prognosis by the log-rank test on the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of these
      factors. Patients with dense infiltration of "T-zone histiocytes" survived
      significantly longer than those with less infiltration (P less than 0.05). Cox's
      proportional hazard general linear model analysis showed the importance of
      factors, such as lymph node or pleural involvement and the SD of nuclear area,
      when the pathologic stage was excluded, and of the mitotic index when all four
      factors were excluded to emphasize the cellular characteristics. It is possible
      to predict the postoperative prognosis of patients with small pulmonary
      adenocarcinoma more precisely by combination of the above histopathologic
      factors.

PMID- 3359407
TI  - A comparative study of transitional cell tumors of the bladder and upper urinary
      tract.
AB  - In two groups composed of 228 patients with bladder tumors and 37 patients with
      upper urinary tract (UUT) tumors, we compared the transitional cell carcinoma in
      respect to sex, age, grade of dysplasia, staging, and survival. No differences
      could be established between the two groups, and we found the same 5-year
      survival rates of approximately 26% and 29%, respectively, for the invasive
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3359408
TI  - Labial salivary gland tumors.
AB  - A study was conducted on labial salivary gland tumors from four oral pathology
      laboratories. Of the 103 identified tumors, 87 (84.5%) were from the upper lip,
      whereas 16 (15.5%) were from the lower lip. Of the 87 upper lip tumors, 80
      (92.0%) were benign. Forty-three of these were monomorphic adenomas and 37 were
      pleomorphic adenomas. Seven malignant tumors of the upper lip were as follows:
      four adenoid cystic carcinomas, two acinic cell carcinomas, and one
      adenocarcinoma. Of the 16 lower lip tumors, 15 (93.8%) were malignant. Thirteen
      of these were mucoepidermoid carcinomas and two were acinic cell carcinomas. The
      only benign lower lip tumor was an intraductal papilloma. These results confirm
      the findings of previous investigations, showing that minor salivary gland tumors
      are much more common in the upper lip than the lower lip, but that lower lip
      tumors are more likely to be malignant.

PMID- 3359409
TI  - Prolonged survival after resection of a malignant melanoma metastatic to the
      stomach.

PMID- 3359410
TI  - Difluoro-phenyl-ethyl(4-aminopropylamidinohydrazone): an irreversible inhibitor
      for both ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases and its effect on
      human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells.
AB  - Difluoro-phenyl-ethyl(4-aminopropylamidinohydrazone) (DFPA) was synthesized as an
      irreversible inhibitor of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases and
      analyzed for antiproliferative effects on leukemia cells. The compound
      irreversibly inhibited ornithine and S-adenosylmethione decarboxylases. This
      inhibition could not be reversed by dialysis or chromatography on Sephadex G-50.
      When human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells were cultured in the presence of the
      inhibitor, the intracellular levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and
      spermine) and the rate of cell proliferation were markedly depressed. In these
      polyamine-depleted and growth-retarded cells, the synthesis of protein, but not
      of DNA or RNA, was observed to be significantly inhibited.

PMID- 3359412
TI  - RNA-lipid complexes released from the plasma membrane of human colon carcinoma
      cells.
AB  - Cultured cells from human colon adenocarcinoma spontaneously release structures
      which display an intense 31P NMR signal from RNA and mobile phospholipids.
      Furthermore, the DPH probe in the cell supernatant shows an intense fluorescence,
      thus indicating its insertion in lipid vesicles. The total membranes, prepared
      from the same cells, also release similar structures. The fatty acid chain
      signals from the mobile lipids, observable in the H NMR spectrum, and the
      fluorescence polarization of the DPH probe are strongly affected by RNAase
      digestion, thus indicating an association between RNA molecules and lipids. The
      enzymatic marker cytochrome c reductase was assayed to rule out possible
      contamination from endoplasmatic reticulum. A high alkaline phosphatase activity
      was instead found in the supernatant samples, thus indicating that the shed
      material is released by the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3359411
TI  - Effect of combined treatment of anti-inflammatory drug and mannoheptulose on the
      production of tumour necrosis factor and endotoxin shock in mice.
AB  - The endotoxin shock induced in mice by injection of viable Listeria monocytogenes
      and challenged with endotoxin can be alleviated by combined administration of
      mannoheptulose with acetylsalicylate or sulindac. The ability of animals to
      secrete tumour necrosis factor into the blood was, however, not affected. The
      significance of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3359413
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of cisplatin in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The incorporation of cis-diammine Dichloro Platinum (II) (cisplatin) on the
      Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAT) cells has been studied in this paper.
      Ultrastructural study of cells treated 'in vivo' with cisplatin showed that a new
      treatment with this substance after fixation, blocks uranyl acetate staining with
      the consequent lack of heterochromatin contrast.

PMID- 3359414
TI  - DNA methylation levels in acute human leukemia.
AB  - We have studied the overall 5-methylcytosine content and the percentage of
      methylated CpG-dinucleotides in 25 cases of untreated human acute leukemias. For
      comparison, normal leucocyte subpopulations were similarly analyzed. The
      methylation levels in normal white blood cell DNA varied in the same range as
      those in leukemia cells with no apparent hypomethylation in tumor cell DNA. Such
      hypomethylation, however, was found in a patient studied in first and second
      relapses of the disease. These data suggest that genome-wide demethylation, a
      characteristic of other tumors, does not accompany leukemic transformation.

PMID- 3359415
TI  - Transcriptional activation of the glutathione S-transferase pi gene in human
      ureteric and bladder carcinomas.
AB  - Using a cDNA clone derived from the rat Glutathione S-Transferase P (GST-P) gene,
      we have investigated homologous transcripts in a range of normal and malignant
      human tissues. A major transcript, of 0.75 Kb, representing human GST-pi mRNA,
      was present in total RNA purified from peripheral white blood cells, bladder,
      ureteric and prostate tissues. In total RNA derived from histopathologically
      benign/normal tissues, peripheral leucocytes and from hyperplastic and malignant
      prostates, levels of the mature transcript varied by less than 1.5-fold (n = 70).
      In contrast, levels of transcript were significantly elevated (up to 16-fold) in
      total RNA derived from bladder and ureteric carcinomas, with the highest levels
      of elevation approaching those previously found only for the GST-P gene in
      experimentally induced rodent hepatocellular carcinomas. A wide range of stage
      and grade of tumour has been investigated (pT1 to pT4; G1 to G3, respectively),
      suggesting that the transcriptional activation of the GST-pi gene is a
      characteristic common to many bladder/ureteric carcinomas in man.

PMID- 3359416
TI  - Combined effects of bromovinyldeoxyuridine and fractionated or continuous
      administration of 5-fluorouracil in P388 leukemia-bearing mice.
AB  - The combined effects of fractionated administration of the antiviral agent (E)-5
      (2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and fractionated (4 injections at a 48-h
      interval) administration or continuous (7-day) infusion of 5-fluorouracil (FU)
      have been investigated in P388 leukemia-bearing mice. The LD50 of continuous FU
      infusion in normal mice was approximately 330 mg/kg, while that for the
      fractionated treatment was 160 mg/kg. When combined with BVDU (200 mumol/kg, 90
      min before each FU injection; 4 injections at a 48-h interval), the LD50 of FU
      was decreased from 330 to 115 mg/kg and from 160 to 30 mg/kg, respectively. The 7
      day continuous infusion of FU (up to a dose of 210 mg/kg) did not exert a
      therapeutic effect in P388-leukemic mice, and, similarly, combination of
      continuous FU infusion (at lower doses) with BVDU failed to increase the survival
      of the leukemic mice. If, however, FU was administered in fractionated doses,
      there was a dose-dependent increase in survival time of P388-leukemic mice, and
      simultaneous fractionated BVDU treatment allowed a 4-6-fold lower dose of FU to
      achieve the same increase in survival time, indicating that BVDU effectively
      increased the antitumor activity of FU in the leukemic mice.

PMID- 3359417
TI  - Vaginal tumors in mice from methylcholanthrene and prenatal exposure to
      diethylstilbestrol.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
      develop adenocarcinomas due to sensitivity of vaginal and cervical adenosis to
      carcinogens, sponges impregnated with methylcholanthrene (MCA) were lodged
      against the cervix and vaginal fornices of 6-month-old strain CD-1 mice exposed
      prenatally to DES. Only squamous cell carcinomas developed in these mice, but at
      a significantly higher rate than in MCA-treated mice not exposed prenatally to
      DES. An adenosquamous carcinoma and a precursor of adenocarcinoma developed in
      DES-exposed mice with control sponges.

PMID- 3359418
TI  - Effect of dietary phenobarbital on spontaneous hepatic tumorigenesis in germfree
      C3H/He male mice.
AB  - Phenobarbital (PB) is known to be a promoter of liver tumorigenesis in rats and
      mice. The present study was designed to examine the effect of PB on liver
      tumorigenesis in C3H/He germfree (Gf) male mice. Gf and conventional (Cv) animals
      were given an irradiated (5 Mrad) basal diet containing 200 ppm PB from 6 weeks
      old until termination of the experiment. When they were 12 months old, the
      animals were killed under CO2 inhalation and autopsied for the number and size of
      tumor nodules. The incidence of liver tumors was significantly higher in PB-fed
      Gf animals (67%) than in non-treated Gf controls (30%), and higher in PB-fed Cv
      animals (100%) than in non-treated Cv controls (75%). The number of tumor nodules
      per mouse was also significantly higher in PB-fed Gf animals (2.0) than in non
      treated Gf controls (0.4), and higher in PB-fed Cv animals (4.5) than in non
      treated controls (1.3). The present study demonstrated that dietary PB induced
      increases in number of the tumor nodules and decreases in the tumor size of
      C3H/He mice.

PMID- 3359419
TI  - Formation of N-nitroso compounds under simulated gastric conditions from Kashmir
      foodstuffs.
AB  - Several foodstuffs and teas from an area of high esophageal cancer risk in
      Kashmir (India) were studied under simulated gastric conditions with a realistic
      nitrite concentration for the formation of N-nitroso compounds. N
      Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosoproline (NPRO), N-nitrosothiazolidine-4
      carboxylic acid (NTCA) and N-nitrosopipecolic acid (NPIC) were the main products
      in different foods. Significant amounts of NDMA were formed from dried fish (20
      micrograms/kg), dried and pickled vegetables (35.6 micrograms/kg and 7.3
      micrograms/kg), locally grown Brassica oleracea ('Hak') leaves (69.9
      micrograms/kg), and the traditional tea 'Kehwa' (9.2 micrograms/kg). The highest
      level of NTCA was formed in smoked fish (3294 micrograms/kg). 'Salted tea'
      prepared according to local method formed considerable amounts of NPRO (360
      micrograms/kg) and NPIC (5870 micrograms/kg) along with 3 yet unidentified non
      volatile N-nitroso compounds. High values of 4315 micrograms/kg NPIC were also
      obtained following nitrosation of red chillies and mixed spice cake ('Wur') under
      simulated gastric conditions. These results suggest the possibility of an
      appreciable endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds from local foods in
      Kashmir.

PMID- 3359420
TI  - A comparison of adrenergic receptors of rat ascites hepatoma AH130 cells with
      those of normal rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The pharmacological specificity of adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane of
      rat ascites hepatoma AH130 cells was compared with that in normal rat
      hepatocytes. The number of [125I]iodocyanopindolol-binding sites was much greater
      in AH130 cells than in the hepatocytes. We characterized the alpha-adrenergic
      receptor subtypes using the alpha 1-selective ligand [3H]prazosin and the alpha 2
      selective ligand [3H]clonidine. AH130 cells had fewer prazosin-binding sites than
      the hepatocytes and about 8 times as many clonidine-binding sites of high
      affinity. The results showed that the adrenergic receptors in AH130 cells have
      pharmacological properties that are very different from those of the receptors in
      normal rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3359421
TI  - Interactions of BCNU, low pH, glucose and hyperthermia in cultured RIF cells.
AB  - The interactions of BCNU (1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea) with low pH,
      glucose and hyperthermia were studied in cultured RIF tumor cells. The effect of
      a mild heat treatment of 43 degrees C, 1 h at pH 7.4 on cell killing [surviving
      fraction (S) = 0.27 +/- 0.05, standard error of the mean (S.E.)] was
      significantly enhanced by pH 6.5 (S = 0.11 +/- 0.02, S.E.) and 50 mM D-glucose (S
      = 0.14 +/- 0.01, S.E.). When heat (43 degrees C, 1 h) was added to BCNU,
      cytotoxicity was increased approximately 14-fold over BCNU alone. Moreover, pH
      6.5 increased killing with BCNU and heat by an additional factor of 28. The
      presence of glucose at 37 degrees C at either pH 6.5 or 7.4 reduced BCNU toxicity
      in a dose dependent fashion. However, the presence of glucose did not reduce cell
      killing by BCNU at 43 degrees C. As a result BCNU cytotoxicity was enhanced by
      approximately 2 orders of magnitude when tumor cell acidification (glucose and
      low pH) was combined with BCNU and heat.

PMID- 3359422
TI  - Induction of hepatic DNA single strand breaks in rats by 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
      (TCDD) induces lipid peroxidation in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. DNA single
      strand breaks as well as other forms of DNA damage are believed to occur in
      conjunction with lipid peroxidation. We have therefore examined the effect of
      TCDD on hepatic DNA single strand breaks. Ten days after the administration of
      100 micrograms TCDD/kg to female rats, a 7.5-fold increase in the DNA elution
      constant (single strand breaks) occurred. Similar changes were observed in the
      content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the nuclei as well
      as the NADPH-dependent production of TBARS. The accumulation of TBARS appeared to
      precede the accumulation of DNA single strand breaks. The tumor promoting effects
      of TCDD may be associated with the enhanced formation of DNA single strand
      breaks.

PMID- 3359423
TI  - An abnormal expression of a tumor-activated multigenic set in cells from cancer
      prone patients with inherited Fanconi's anemia (FA) and retinoblastoma (Rb).
AB  - Normal skin fibroblasts from patients genetically predisposed for cancer express
      certain phenotypic properties usually associated with transformed cells,
      suggesting that these cells are engaged in a cancer progression process.
      Previously, we have shown that a subgenomic fraction, which we called Ta DNA
      ('tumor-activated DNA') was preferentially expressed in all human tumor cells
      (Hanania et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 78 (1981) 6504-6508; Hanania et
      al, EMBO J., 2 (1983) 1621-1624). Here, we show that Ta DNA transcripts are
      present in Fanconi's anemia (FA) and retinoblastoma (Rb) fibroblasts, at a level
      hardly lower than in tumor cells. In contrast, a few Ta DNA transcripts can be
      detected in normal cells.

PMID- 3359424
TI  - DNA (cytosine) methylation in murine and human tumor cell lines treated with S
      adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors.
AB  - The effects of periodate-oxidized adenosine, 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza-(+/
      )aristeromycin, potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity,
      on DNA methylation and the intracellular ratio of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S
      adenosylmethionine have been examined in a series of murine and human tumor cell
      lines. A 24-h exposure of murine LC3, TA3 and B16 cells and human MeWo and K562
      cells to 1-10 microM periodate-oxidized adenosine had a very slight inhibitory
      effect upon DNA methylation. 3-Deaza-(+/-)aristeromycin and 3-deaza-adenosine (50
      microM) had virtually no effect upon DNA methylation in LC3 and B16 cells. In LC3
      cells, periodate-oxidized adenosine, 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza-(+/
      )aristeromycin reduced the intracellular ratio of S-adenosylmethionine/S
      adenosylhomocysteine approximately 20-, 6- and 16-fold, respectively. In murine
      B16 melanoma cells, periodate-oxidised adenosine, 3-deaza-adenosine and 3-deaza
      (+/-)aristeromycin reduced the intracellular ratio of S-adenosylmethionine/S
      adenosylhomocysteine approximately 17-, 13- and 32-fold, respectively. These
      observations indicate that the cytosine methylation of DNA appears to be
      relatively insensitive to changes in the intracellular ratio of S
      adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine and that such metabolic disturbances
      are not likely to be the major biochemical alteration responsible for the reduced
      level of DNA 5-methylcytosine found within transformed and malignant cells.

PMID- 3359425
TI  - Pancreatobiliary and biliary control of fecal beta-glucuronidase activity in the
      rat.
AB  - Bile duct ligation experiments suggest that bile is an important regulator of
      intestinal beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme thought to be involved in colon
      carcinogenesis. Exclusion of pancreatobiliary secretions from the rat intestine
      significantly decreases glucuronidase activity (Roberton et al., Cancer Res., 42
      (1982) 5165-5166). However, the separate roles of pancreatic and biliary
      secretions have not been examined. We ligated the bile ducts of rats at the
      hepatic duct, allowing pancreatic juice but not bile to enter the intestine, or
      at the Sphincter of Oddi, excluding pancreatic juice as well as bile. Fecal beta
      glucuronidase activity was lowered in both cases, indicating that bile itself,
      and not pancreatic juice, is a major factor modulating beta-glucuronidase
      activity.

PMID- 3359426
TI  - Cancer nursing then and now.

PMID- 3359427
TI  - Quantification of urinary mutagens in nurses during potential antineoplastic
      agent exposure. A pilot study with concurrent environmental and dietary control.

PMID- 3359428
TI  - Development of a questionnaire to measure beliefs and attitudes about breast self
      examination.

PMID- 3359429
TI  - The effect of cancer in a parent on role relationships with the nurse/daughter.

PMID- 3359430
TI  - Sequencing of trimodality therapy [cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II)/hyperthermia/radiation] as determined by tumor
      growth delay and tumor cell survival in the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma.
AB  - In order to improve local control of tumors over that achievable with local
      hyperthermia and radiation, we are testing the use of systemic cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) in conjunction with the other two modalities.
      In the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma, growth delay experiments indicated that the use of
      any two modalities resulted in at least additive effects on growth delay. When
      the trimodality treatment was tested, the sequence CDDP followed by hyperthermia
      followed by X-ray produced a growth delay of approximately 25 days which was
      superior to the growth delay produced by the sequences CDDP, X-ray, and
      hyperthermia (19 days) and X-ray, CDDP and hyperthermia (14 days). In excision
      experiments, also performed in the FSaIIC tumor system, we again observed clearly
      superior cytotoxicity in the sequence CDDP, hyperthermia, and X-rays over the
      other sequences tested. Our results indicate that scheduling CDDP just prior to
      heating and following the heat treatment with the radiation fractions results in
      the best tumor cell kill, probably because this sequence takes maximum advantage
      of the radiosensitizing properties of the combined heat-CDDP treatment. In
      addition, the strong cytotoxic interaction between CDDP and hyperthermia is also
      optimized by this scheduling. We believe these results have significant clinical
      implications.

PMID- 3359431
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effects on rat fibrosarcoma growth.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors are present in most normal and malignant mammalian
      cells. To examine the hypothesis that the growth of methylcholanthrene-induced
      malignant sarcoma is glucocorticoid dependent, we evaluated the behavior of
      malignant fibrosarcoma (MCA) in adrenalectomized rats treated with either normal
      saline or deoxycorticosterone acetate and in intact rats treated with placebo or
      with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486. Survival, tumor weight, and
      loss of body weight (an index of cachexia) were measured. In MCA-bearing rats,
      neither survival nor loss of body weight was affected by bilateral adrenalectomy
      or by treatment with RU 486. Tumor weight and time-integrated tumor volume,
      however, were significantly less in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats without
      deoxycorticosterone acetate replacement than in animals treated with
      deoxycorticosterone acetate. Similarly, tumor weight and time-integrated tumor
      volume were less in intact animals treated with RU 486 than in intact animals
      treated with placebo. The glucocorticoid receptors in the tumor cells had similar
      binding capacity (Ro) and equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) as in control
      rat fibroblasts. These results suggest that the growth of MCA sarcoma cells is
      partially dependent upon glucocorticoids. This effect of glucocorticoids,
      however, was not of sufficient magnitude to improve survival and prevent
      cachexia. We conclude that glucocorticoids appear to influence MCA sarcoma growth
      in the rat, and that glucocorticoid receptor blockade, perhaps in combination
      with other antitumor agents, merits future study in the treatment of malignant
      tumors.

PMID- 3359432
TI  - Tumorigenicity and oncogene expression in pediatric cancers.
AB  - Cytogenetic and epidemiological studies of pediatric cancers have implicated a
      loss of genetic information in the development of these tumors. In contrast,
      other studies have shown that activation of endogenous oncogenes is a common
      event in these cancer cells. The technique of somatic cell hybridization provides
      a model for investigating the interaction between loss of genetic elements and
      oncogene activation in pediatric cancers. A variety of human-human cell hybrids
      were formed between a tumorigenic adult carcinoma and representative tumorigenic
      pediatric cell lines. All hybrid cells were completely suppressed for tumor
      forming ability when assayed in nu/nu (nude) mice. When the expression of the N
      myc, c-myc, and sis oncogenes and tumorigenicity were examined in the same hybrid
      cells, no correlation was found, suggesting that the expression of these
      oncogenes in these hybrid cells did not appear to be controlled by putative
      "tumor suppressor" genes. Thus, tumorigenicity behaves as a recessive genetic
      trait in pediatric cancers. Furthermore, different genetic elements may be lost
      during tumor development of adult cancers as opposed to pediatric cancers.

PMID- 3359434
TI  - Inhibition of beta-propiolactone-induced neoplasia of the forestomach and large
      bowel by 4-mercaptobenzene sulfonate in mice and rats.
AB  - Studies have been initiated to find compounds that can trap direct-acting
      carcinogens within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract and thus prevent these
      carcinogens from attacking tissues of the host. Sodium 4-mercaptobenzene
      sulfonate (4-MBSNa) is a potent nucleophile and was found to react rapidly in
      vitro with the direct-acting carcinogen beta-propiolactone (BPL). In further
      investigations 4-MBSNa was shown to inhibit mutagenesis resulting from exposure
      of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA-100 to BPL and a second direct-acting
      carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Subsequent experiments were
      performed to determine if 4-MBSNa would inhibit BPL-induced carcinogenesis in
      vivo. In the first of these, 4-MBSNa was administered by p.o. intubation to
      female A/J mice 5 min before p.o. administration of BPL. Under these conditions
      inhibition of carcinogenesis of the forestomach occurred. In a second experiment,
      4-MBSNa was given by rectal intubation 5 min before BPL also administered
      intrarectally. Administration of BPL intrarectally produced adenomatous polyps of
      the large intestine. The occurrence of these neoplasms was inhibited by the prior
      administration of 4-MBSNa. The data presented show that 4-MBSNa has the capacity
      to trap direct-acting carcinogens and to inhibit the occurrence of BPL-induced
      neoplasia.

PMID- 3359433
TI  - Effect of exercise on the induction of mammary carcinogenesis.
AB  - Although data reported in several epidemiological investigations indicate that
      reduced consumption of dietary fat and increased levels of physical activity are
      associated with reduced risk for breast cancer, the results of some studies do
      not support these observations. Underlying this situation is the unanswered
      question about whether degree of body fatness, which is affected by dietary
      composition, total caloric intake, and energy expenditure, is the critical
      determinant affecting breast cancer risk. The objective of this work was to
      establish whether increasing energy expenditure by exercise would reduce the
      occurrence of mammary carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)
      in animals consuming a high fat diet to the level of occurrence observed in
      sedentary animals consuming a low fat diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were
      obtained at 21 days of age and maintained on a 5% (w/w) corn oil diet (AIN-76A)
      until they were 64 days of age. At 50 days of age, rats received either 5 mg DMBA
      or the solvent in which the carcinogen was dissolved. Fourteen days after DMBA
      intubation they were randomized into one of three groups: 5% fat (w/w),
      sedentary; 24.6% fat (w/w), sedentary; or 24.6% fat (w/w), exercised. Animals
      were exercised on a motor-driven treadmill at a belt speed of 20 m/min and a 1
      degree incline for 15 min/day, 5 days/week for 18 weeks. Feeding a high fat
      versus a low fat diet increased the number of breast cancers induced and the rate
      at which they appeared in agreement with previous investigations. However, rather
      than retarding the development of tumors as was hypothesized, moderate treadmill
      exercise increased the incidence and number of cancers induced and shortened
      cancer latency in comparison to animals that received either the high fat or low
      fat diet and were sedentary. Body composition was not altered by the exercise
      regime imposed, although these animals weighed more than either sedentary group.
      These data document a heretofore unreported effect of a moderate level of aerobic
      work on breast cancer induction.

PMID- 3359435
TI  - Treatment-induced changes in sensitivity in a multiclonal human tumor mixture
      model in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro model has been devised so that mixtures of human tumor cells can be
      grown together for studies related to drug-induced or -selected changes in
      sensitivity. In the studies reported here, two human astrocytoma clones, one
      sensitive and one resistant to 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1
      nitrosourea (MeCCNU), were carefully matched for doubling times, cell cycle phase
      distributions, and colony-forming efficiencies. The clones were mixed and grown
      together, and after only three weekly treatments with MeCCNU (10 micrograms/ml
      for 1 h each week) the sensitive cells in the mixture were killed, leaving behind
      a population that was almost 100% resistant to further exposures to MeCCNU. The
      loss of the sensitive cells from the mixture each week was easily detected by
      visual observation of flow microfluorometry histograms since the clones had
      different DNA indices. Repeated weekly exposures of the unmixed resistant clone
      (AST 1-1) to MeCCNU caused very little accumulated cell kill. Similar exposures
      of the unmixed sensitive clone (AST 3-4) produced a linear decrease in survival
      over the first three weekly treatments with 10 micrograms MeCCNU/ml, but after
      that time these cells became progressively more resistant to MeCCNU. It is
      unlikely that the change to resistance in the AST 3-4 clone occurred because of
      contamination with the resistant AST 1-1 cells, because their DNA index remained
      stable. These data show that repeated treatments with a single agent can cause a
      tumor cell population to become more resistant. It remains to be tested whether
      this resistance was the result of cellular interactions, drug-induced changes in
      sensitivity, or selection for resistant cells already present in the populations.
      This mixture model may be useful in studies on how cellular interactions
      influence growth and drug sensitivity in tumor and normal cell populations.

PMID- 3359436
TI  - Estrogen receptor and hormone responsiveness of medullary thyroid carcinoma cells
      in continuous culture.
AB  - We have examined the estrogen responsiveness and estrogen receptor in medullary
      thyroid carcinoma using a model of an established human cell line, TT. TT cells
      bind [3H]estradiol with high affinity. Scatchard analysis reveals a single class
      of binding site with a concentration of 173 fmol/10(6) cells and a dissociation
      constant of 2.1 x 10(-9) M, values which are comparable to those of a well
      established model cell line for estrogen responsiveness, MCF-7 human breast
      cancer cell line. Estradiol in physiological concentrations moderately stimulated
      TT cell proliferation, whereas in pharmacological concentrations it markedly
      inhibited cell growth. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into acid-insoluble material
      was also stimulated following a 5-day treatment with 5 x 10(-9) M estradiol.
      Tamoxifen at a concentration of 1 microM reduced cell proliferation by 43-48%
      after 5-7 days of treatment. The growth suppression induced by tamoxifen was
      reversed by addition of 10 nM estradiol. This is the first report of estrogen
      growth stimulation and tamoxifen growth inhibition of a tumor cell line derived
      from human medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3359437
TI  - Enhanced melphalan cytotoxicity following buthionine sulfoximine-mediated
      glutathione depletion in a human medulloblastoma xenograft in athymic mice.
AB  - The effect and therapeutic consequences of buthionine-(SR)-sulfoximine (BSO)
      mediated depletion of glutathione in the human medulloblastoma-derived cell line,
      TE-671, growing as s.c. xenografts in athymic nude mice were examined. The
      glutathione content of the s.c. xenografts was 1.11 +/- 0.15 mumol/g (7.79 +/-
      1.61 nmol/mg of protein). Administration i.p. to tumor-bearing mice of D,L-BSO
      (two doses at 12-h intervals; 5 mmol/kg) depleted the glutathione content of the
      xenografts to 25.7% of control. Administration of a 30 mM solution of L-BSO in
      drinking water for 96 h depleted the glutathione content to 17.4% of control.
      Depletion of glutathione with these regimens resulted in a significant increase
      in the s.c. tumor growth delay over that produced by melphalan alone: 17.2 days
      versus 12.6 days for D,L-BSO (i.p.) plus melphalan versus melphalan and 22.9 days
      versus 16.6 days for L-BSO (p.o.) plus melphalan versus melphalan. These studies
      demonstrate the increased cytotoxicity of melphalan resulting from BSO-mediated
      depletion of glutathione in human medulloblastoma and support further efforts to
      modulate the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of this tumor by modulation of
      glutathione.

PMID- 3359438
TI  - Selective growth inhibition of human lung cancer cell lines bearing a surface
      glycoprotein gp160 by 125I-labeled anti-gp160 monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody 5E8 which is specific for a Mr 160,000 glycoprotein (gp160)
      on the surface of human lung cancer was radiolabeled with 125I. Radiolabeled 5E8
      antibody is shown here to suppress the growth of gp160 positive human lung tumor
      cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion, but this same radiolabeled antibody does
      not alter the growth of gp160 negative lung tumor cell lines. Neither the
      unlabeled 5E8 nor a control radiolabeled monoclonal antibody has any effect upon
      the growth of gp160 positive tumors. The specificity of radiolabeled antibody
      mediated tumor killing is further demonstrated by the ability of unlabeled 5E8 to
      inhibit tumor killing by 125I-5E8. The efficiency with which the labeled tumor
      specific antibody suppressed tumor colony formation is enhanced by increasing the
      molar ratio of 125I to 5E8. This ratio could be increased to a level of two
      without affecting the capacity of the antibody to bind to the cell surface
      antigen. An attempt to increase the efficiency of tumor killing by the addition
      of a second antibody subsequent to incubation with 125I-5E8 was unsuccessful.
      These results indicate that 125I is a viable isotope and gp160 represents an
      appropriate target for radioimmunotherapy of human lung cancer.

PMID- 3359439
TI  - DNA-directed actions of 3-deazaguanine: effects on DNA integrity and DNA
      elongation/ligation.
AB  - The cytotoxic action of the guanine analogue, 3-deazaguanine, was shown
      previously to be closely associated with deazaguanine-induced inhibition of DNA
      synthesis and incorporation of deazaguanine into DNA. The DNA-directed effects of
      the compound have been further investigated by studying the effect of
      deazaguanine on DNA integrity, and on the ability of pulse-labeled L1210 cells to
      synthesize full length DNA. Deazaguanine caused DNA single strand breaks in newly
      synthesized DNA but not in preformed DNA. The amount of DNA single strand breaks
      correlated with both deazaguanine exposure and with the amount of deazaguanine
      incorporated into the DNA. When cells were allowed to recover in drug-free medium
      for 12 or 24 h after drug exposure little effect on either the amount of DNA
      single strand breaks or cell viability relative to controls was observed.
      Deazaguanine also inhibited the ability of L1210 cells to synthesize full length
      DNA after pulse labeling of DNA. This effect was temporally related to the
      inhibition by deazaguanine of total DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3359440
TI  - Effects of hyperoxia on growth characteristics of metastatic murine tumors in the
      lung.
AB  - Suspensions of an oxygen-sensitive (MT-7) and of an oxygen-insensitive(M109)
      tumor cell line were injected i.v. into BALB/c mice. Exposure to 100% O2 after
      injection of the cells did not modify the initial arrest of either cell line in
      the lung. Exposure of animals given injections of MT-7 cells for 60 h to 100%
      oxygen decreased the number of lung colonies formed even when onset of oxygen
      exposure was delayed up to 10 days after injection of the cell suspension. Cell
      cycle time and growth fraction in lung colonies growing in vivo were estimated
      from an analysis of the percentage of mitoses labeled. In lung colonies formed by
      MT-7 cells, hyperoxia produced a mitotic delay and a 30 to 40% reduction in the
      growth fraction. In M109-derived colonies, oxygen did not change cell cycle times
      or reduce growth fraction. In earlier experiments done in vitro and reported by
      others it had been found that, in tumor cell lines other than the ones used in
      the present study, a prolongation of the early prophase was the most oxygen
      sensitive event. The present data show that in vivo oxygen inhibits lung colony
      formation in MT-7 cells by a similar mechanism.

PMID- 3359441
TI  - Purification and characterization of P-52 (glutathione S-transferase-P or 7-7)
      from normal liver and putative preneoplastic liver nodules.
AB  - A previous study from our laboratory (L.C. Eriksson et al., Biochem. Biophys.
      Res. Commun., 117: 740-745, 1983) revealed that a cytosolic polypeptide of
      approximate Mr 21,000 (designated P-21) was markedly elevated in amount in
      hepatocyte nodules induced by six different regimens. The molecular weight of
      this polypeptide, subsequently revised to approximately 26,000, was redesignated
      P-26 and was identified (T.H. Rushmore et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,
      143: 98-103, 1987) as a subunit of a placental form of glutathione S-transferase
      (K. Sato et al., Gann 75: 199-202, 1984), also named glutathione S-transferase 7
      7 (H. Jensson et al., FEBS Lett., 187: 115-120, 1985). We describe here a
      convenient method for purifying relatively large amounts of P-26 from hepatocyte
      nodules involving the sequential use of affinity chromatography on S-hexyl
      glutathione-Sepharose 4B, CM-Sephadex, and DEAE-Sephacel. Evidence is presented
      that P-26 exists as a dimer of approximate Mr 52,000 (P-52). Analyses by two
      dimensional electrophoresis have indicated that the subunits of Mr 26,000 may
      consist of five separate charged isomers. Investigations using appropriate
      antisera and analysis by amino acid sequencing have provided additional
      confirmation that P-52 is probably identical to rat placental glutathione S
      transferase. Antibodies to P-52 are proving to be useful as a marker of new cell
      populations that appear regularly during hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3359442
TI  - Growth inhibition and differentiation of human salivary adenocarcinoma cells by
      medium conditioned with normal human fibroblasts.
AB  - The present study demonstrates that normal human fibroblasts (WI-38) exert a
      profound influence on the growth and differentiation of HSGc-C5, a clonal
      neoplastic epithelial cell line of human salivary gland origin. Coculture of HSGc
      C5 with WI-38 resulted in a slowing of growth and an increase in
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis by an indirect effect involving a diffusible
      factor(s). Conditioned medium (CM) from WI-38 grown in Dulbecco's modified
      Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum affected HSGc-C5 as
      follows. The CM suppressed growth of monolayer cells; inhibited DNA synthesis;
      suppressed growth (decrease in size of colonies) in semisolid agar; stimulated
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis, induced expression of functional markers of the
      salivary gland, such as the secretory component, lactoferrin, and lysozyme;
      inhibited expression of alkaline phosphatase; and induced morphological
      alteration into elongated cells. These findings strongly suggest that WI-38 CM
      contains a factor(s) which inhibits growth and induces differentiation of HSGc
      C5. The CM was also active on other human cancer cells as a growth inhibitor, but
      not on normal human fibroblasts. Partial purification and characterization of the
      factor(s) suggests that it may be a novel protein carrying both tumor inhibiting
      and differentiation inducing activities.

PMID- 3359443
TI  - Selective induction by N-nitrosoethylurea of oligodendrogliomas in fetal
      forebrain transplants.
AB  - Induction of neuroepithelial neoplasms by a single transplacental exposure to N
      nitrosoethylurea (NEU) has been widely used as an experimental model for human
      brain tumors. NEU-induced gliomas are variably composed of neoplastic
      oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells. It has remained controversial
      whether these neoplasms originate from differentiated glia or from pluripotent
      precursor cells of the subependymal matrix layer. We have taken a novel approach
      to define the histogenesis of these gliomas based on neural grafting techniques
      and the extraordinary difference in susceptibility between the fetal and adult
      brain to neoplastic transformation by alkylnitrosoureas. Pregnant rats received a
      single i.v. dose of NEU (50 mg/kg) on the 14th day of gestation. One day later,
      suspensions were prepared from the fetal forebrain and stereotactically injected
      into the caudoputamen of adult rats. These host animals received additional i.v.
      injections of NEU (50 mg/kg each) 8 days and 9 weeks posttransplantation. After a
      mean survival time of 316 days, all animals developed brain tumors within the
      neural graft. Histopathologically, these neoplasms were classified as
      oligodendrogliomas, ranging from early neoplastic foci to large, infiltrating
      malignant tumors. The selective induction of oligodendrogliomas indicates that
      neoplastic transformation in the nervous system can occur in a differentiated
      glial cell or in a precursor cell committed to oligodendrocytic differentiation,
      and that transformation of a pluripotential stem cell is not necessary. Omission
      of the first (prenatal) dose of NEU led to a much lower tumor incidence, whereas
      this dose in itself, i.e., without additional postgrafting exposure, did not
      produce brain tumors in any of the experimental animals. This differential effect
      of pre- and postgrafting exposure to NEU constitutes the first in vivo evidence
      of a multistep development of brain tumors.

PMID- 3359445
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis in renal cell carcinoma: correlation with tumor
      aggressiveness.
AB  - Twenty-eight tissue specimens from 26 patients with renal cell carcinoma were
      subjected to cytogenetic analysis using a newly developed combined method of
      enzymatic technique and short term tissue culture. Of the 28 tumor samples
      studied, 21 were chromosomally abnormal. Four (including two oncocytomas) were
      normal, and three did not grow in tissue culture. Of the 21 tumors with abnormal
      chromosomes, the most frequent abnormality was either trisomy or tetrasomy of
      chromosome 7 (18 of 21 tumors). In four of these tumors, trisomy 7 was the only
      visible abnormality. Ten tumors contained abnormalities of chromosome 3. Three
      showed a previously reported chromosome 3 interstitial deletion, five were
      hyperdiploid, and two revealed a monosomy 3. Of these 10 patients, six have had
      disease progression, compared to one of the 16 remaining patients without an
      abnormal chromosome 3. These data suggest that abnormalities of chromosome 7
      represent a primary abnormality, and that when these abnormalities are present in
      association with abnormalities involving chromosome 3, they may correlate with a
      more aggressive clinical course and a corresponding higher stage of disease at
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3359444
TI  - Comparison of intrapulmonary, percutaneous intrathoracic, and subcutaneous models
      for the propagation of human pulmonary and nonpulmonary cancer cell lines in
      athymic nude mice.
AB  - The propagation efficiencies, growth patterns, histological appearances, and
      roentgenographic demonstration of tumors derived from six continuous human
      pulmonary tumor cell lines implanted intrathoracically (i.t.) and
      intrabronchially (i.b.) were compared with the conventional s.c. implantation
      method at three different tumor cell inocula (N = 184, i.b.; N = 185, i.t.; N =
      180, s.c.). A tumor-related mortality of 100% was noted when the six different
      human lung tumor cell lines, including A549 adenocarcinoma, NCI-H125
      adenosquamous carcinoma, NCI-H460 large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, NCI-H69
      small cell carcinoma, and NCI-H358 and NCI-H322 bronchioloalveolar cell
      carcinomas, were implanted i.b. at a 1.0 x 10(6) tumor cell inoculum. A similar
      (92%) tumor-related mortality was observed when these same lung tumor cell lines
      were implanted i.t. at a 1.0 x 10(6) tumor cell inoculum (P greater than 0.10),
      whereas minimal (5%) tumor-related mortality was noted when cells from the six
      different cell lines were implanted s.c. (P less than 0.001). In addition, a dose
      dependent, tumor-related mortality was noted for either i.t. or i.b. implantation
      when lower (1.0 x 10(5) or 1.0 x 10(4] tumor cell inocula were employed.
      Histological characteristics and growth patterns of tumors propagated employing
      the three implantation techniques were closely comparable for all three
      propagation methods and, in all instances, histological appearances of the tumors
      were representative of the current tumor cell lines from which they were derived.
      Approximately 30% of the lung tumors propagated i.t. grew in the chest wall
      and/or in the lung parenchyma as well as in the pleural space. In contrast,
      tumors propagated i.b. grew predominantly in the lung parenchyma. When five
      nonpulmonary human tumor cell lines (including U251 glioblastoma, LOX amelamontic
      melanoma, HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, OVCAR 3 ovarian adenocarcinoma, and
      adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma) were propagated i.b. or i.t.,
      there was considerable site-specific variability in tumor-related mortality
      depending on the tumor type. These data demonstrate that both the i.b. and i.t.
      models should be useful for the in vivo propagation and study of certain human
      pulmonary and nonpulmonary carcinomas as well as being advantageous for future
      studies of cancer biology and developmental therapeutics.

PMID- 3359446
TI  - Cytogenetic, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural studies of twenty-nine
      nonfamilial human renal carcinomas.
AB  - Multifactorial analysis, including cytogenetic studies, flow cytometry, and light
      and electron microscopic evaluation, was performed on 29 primary renal cell
      carcinomas and short-term cultures derived from them. Eleven of the 21 cases that
      yielded cytogenetic results demonstrated clonal chromosomal aberrations which
      included trisomy 7 in 8 cases, loss of the Y chromosome in 7, trisomy 12 in 2,
      and 16q- in 1. Flow cytometry showed that there was preferential growth of near
      diploid populations and loss of aneuploid clones in culture with standard media.
      The ultrastructural features of both the primary and cultured tumors were
      remarkably similar. They included cytoplasmic vacuolization, reticulated dense
      nucleoli, and cell surface microvilli. Thus, morphological evidence supported the
      epithelial and, specifically, the renal tubular origin of the cultured cells. The
      development of chromosomal abnormalities seemed linked to advanced tumor stage,
      but the number of such cases was too small to analyze for statistical
      significance. No other correlations could be made between karyotypic change, DNA
      analysis, tumor histology, grade, and stage at this point in the patient follow
      up.

PMID- 3359447
TI  - Case-control study of diet and mesothelioma in Louisiana.
AB  - Data were analyzed from a case-control interview study of malignant mesothelioma
      in Louisiana, which gathered information on usual diet and on lifetime
      occupational exposure to asbestos. Thirty-seven patients with malignant
      mesothelioma of the pleura (n = 32) or peritoneum (n = 5) were matched to
      controls according to age, sex, race, and factors related to case ascertainment
      (hospital and date of diagnosis, or parish and date of death). Twenty-one of the
      37 cases were judged by masked occupational review to have been exposed to
      asbestos (57%), compared to seven of 37 controls (19%). Seven additional cases
      and 10 additional controls had occupational histories suggestive of asbestos
      exposure. With regard to usual diet before illness, cases reported less frequent
      consumption of homegrown produce (p = 0.005), cruciferous vegetables (p = 0.005),
      and all vegetables combined (p = 0.09) than did the controls. An estimate of
      usual carotene intake was also significantly lower in cases (p = 0.03). Dose
      dependent reductions in risk were seen with increasing consumption of vegetables,
      especially cruciferous vegetables (p for trend = 0.013). These associations were
      not explained by differences in asbestos exposure as measured by the occupational
      review. The results indicate that consumption of vegetables or some vegetable
      related constituent may have a protective effect on developing mesothelioma.

PMID- 3359448
TI  - Serum uric acid unrelated to cancer incidence in humans.
AB  - We examined the hypothesis that low levels of serum uric acid are associated with
      elevated cancer risk. A subpopulation (163,830 members) of a large health
      maintenance organization was followed for a mean of 9.8 years after a multiphasic
      health checkup at which serum uric acid level was measured. Total cancer
      incidence as well as site-specific incidence (for lung, colon, and prostate
      cancer in men and lung, colon, breast, uterine, and cervical cancer in women) was
      ascertained from hospital discharge records and the Surveillance, Epidemiology
      and End Results program in the San Francisco-Oakland Bay area. Age-adjusted
      cancer incidence was not elevated in the lower deciles of serum uric acid level.
      After adjusting for age, race, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body
      mass, using proportional hazards models, the risk of cancer was not elevated at
      lower levels of uric acid. Our results suggest that if increased risk of cancer
      is associated with low serum uric acid, this risk is associated with serum uric
      levels below those commonly seen in human populations.

PMID- 3359449
TI  - Cancer in homozygotes and heterozygotes of ataxia-telangiectasia and xeroderma
      pigmentosum in Britain.
AB  - We have documented mortality and cancer incidence in the families of 67 patients
      with ataxia-telangiectasia and 48 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum resident in
      Britain. For both diseases, parents of patients are obligate heterozygotes and
      grandparents have a probability of heterozygosity of 0.5. Fourteen ataxia
      telangiectasia patients had died by June 30, 1986. This was a significant excess
      (14 deaths observed, 1.65 expected). Only one death was from a malignancy (non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma). Three parents of ataxia-telangiectasia patients had died,
      all from cancer. The excess from breast cancer (two deaths observed, 0.17
      expected) was statistically significant, p less than 0.05. However, no excess
      mortality from malignant neoplasms was found in the grandparents. Five xeroderma
      pigmentosum patients had died, none from internal malignancies. No excess
      mortality from malignant neoplasms was recorded in either their parents or
      grandparents.

PMID- 3359450
TI  - Intercapillary distance in the proliferating area of human glioma.
AB  - Tissues from 22 patients with glioma and 7 patients with normal white matter were
      used in this study. First we determined the proliferating area in the tumor
      tissue by evaluating the growth fraction (GF). Second we determined the mean
      number of cells and measured the intercapillary distance in a modified tumor cord
      in the proliferating area by using the texture analyzing system and Voronoi's
      method. Average GFs of tumor cells and tumor endothelial cells were 27.7 +/- 5.3%
      (SD) and 36.8 +/- 8.1% in many malignant gliomas and 6.5 +/- 3.1% and 17.0 +/-
      11.9% in many benign gliomas. The mean number of cells within a tumor cord was
      15.9 +/- 6.4 in the proliferating areas of all gliomas and 22.3 +/- 6.8 in the
      control group. The mean intercapillary distances were 77.8 +/- 15.9 micron in the
      proliferating area of all gliomas and 123 +/- 4.2 micron in the control group.
      There were significant differences in the number of cells and the intercapillary
      distances between the proliferating group and the control group (t value; P less
      than 0.05--less than 0.001). It has been suggested that GF is high in glioma
      cells and tumor endothelial cells in malignant gliomas and that GF of endothelial
      cells is always greater than that of the tumor cells. It is suggested that it is
      possible to use Voronoi's method for the interpretation of biological action in
      human gliomas.

PMID- 3359451
TI  - The development of a second-generation triazene.

PMID- 3359452
TI  - Evolution of molecular combinations involving 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 3359453
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae
      type 18F.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Streptococcus
      pneumoniae type 18F (S18F) has been investigated by using n.m.r. spectroscopy,
      methylation analysis, and characterisation of oligosaccharides obtained on
      partial hydrolysis. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of
      pentasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure. (formula; see
      text) In this structure, the absolute configuration of the glycerol phosphate
      moiety has not been determined, but is assumed to be D-glycerol 1-phosphate (sn
      glycerol 3-phosphate). The location of an O-acetyl group at O-6 of the terminal
      alpha-D-glucopyranosyl groups is tentative only.

PMID- 3359454
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae
      type 18A.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (S18A) elaborated by Streptococcus
      pneumoniae type 18A has been investigated by using methylation analysis and
      n.m.r. spectroscopy. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of
      pentasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure. (formula; see
      text) In this structure, the absolute configuration of the glycerol 1-phosphate
      moiety has not been determined but is assumed to be D from biosynthesis
      considerations. The structure of S18A is, as expected, closely similar to those
      determined for S18F and S18C.

PMID- 3359455
TI  - Structure of the group G streptococcal polysaccharide.
AB  - The structure of the group-specific polysaccharide of group G Streptococcus was
      determined by means of methylation analysis and selective chemical degradations.
      The anomeric configurations and conformations of the sugar residues were studied
      by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The tetrasaccharide repeating unit, ----3)
      alpha-D-Galp-(1----2)-[alpha-L-Rhap-(1----3)-beta-D-GalpNAc - (1----4)]-alpha-L
      Rhap-(1----, was determined.

PMID- 3359456
TI  - Kinetics and subsite mapping of a D-xylobiose- and D-xylose-producing Aspergillus
      niger endo-(1----4)-beta-D-xylanase.
AB  - A previously described endo-(1----4)-beta-D-xylanase produced by Aspergillus
      niger was allowed to react with linear unlabeled and labeled D-xylo
      oligosaccharides ranging from D-xylotriose to D-xylo-octaose. No evidence of
      multiple attack or of condensation and trans-D-xylosylation reactions was found.
      Maximum rates and Michaelis constants were measured at 40 degrees and pH 4.85.
      The former increased with increasing chain-length from D-xylotriose through D
      xylohexaose to approximately 70% of that on soluble larchwood D-xylan, and then
      decreased slightly for D-xyloheptaose and D-xylo-octaose. Michaelis constants
      decreased monotonically with increasing chain-length. Bond-cleavage frequencies
      were highest near the reducing end of short substrates, with the locus of highest
      frequencies moving towards the middle of larger substrates. These data indicated
      that the endo-D-xylanase has five main subsites, with the catalytic site located
      between the third and fourth subsites, counting from the nonreducing end of the
      bound substrate. The subsite to the nonreducing side of the catalytic site
      strongly repels its corresponding D-xylosyl residue, while the two subsites
      farther towards the nonreducing end of the substrate strongly attract their
      corresponding residues. The subsite to the reducing side of the catalytic site
      moderately attracts D-xylosyl residues, while the next one towards the reducing
      end has a high affinity for them. The residual error of the numerical estimation
      was allocated largely to the Michaelis constants of the different D-xylo
      oligosaccharides, whose calculated values were appreciably smaller than measured
      values, especially for shorter substrates. This suggests that the subsite model
      cannot fully account for the experimental data. Estimated and measured values of
      maximum rates, bond-cleavage frequencies, and dissociation constant when the
      active site is fully occupied by substrate agreed more closely with each other.

PMID- 3359457
TI  - Use of O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido- 4,6
      di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2,4,6-tri-O- acetyl-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl bromide as a glycosyl donor. Synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl O-alpha
      L-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyl)-(1----3)
      beta-D-galactopyranoside.

PMID- 3359459
TI  - [Broken cupolas. From the workings of Schedule XVIII to reflections on maximum
      systems].

PMID- 3359458
TI  - Characteristics of reovirus-mediated chemoimmunotherapy of murine L1210 leukemia.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated the ability of reovirus to function
      synergistically with chemotherapy in the treatment of murine EL-4 lymphoma. This
      study characterizes this treatment regimen in the therapy of L1210 leukemia.
      Animals with an estimated tumor burden of 10(7) cells were treated with 9 mg/kg
      1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Reovirus type 3, which had been quantitated
      either by particles or plaque-forming units (pfu), was administered 48 h after
      chemotherapy. Complete remission of tumor was observed in 80% of the animals
      which received either 10(11) particles or 10(9) pfu of reovirus. Cured animals
      were resistant to challenge with homologous tumor, but were susceptible to
      challenge with heterologous tumor. Reovirus undergoes limited replication at the
      tumor site, and virus-specific antibody appears only after disappearance of
      reovirus-infected cells and virus from the ascites fluid. Reovirus appears to
      function therapeutically by inducing a tumor-specific cytolytic immune response.

PMID- 3359460
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in women: clinical, angiographic and follow-up study].

PMID- 3359461
TI  - [Value of first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography in the diagnosis of
      obstructive coronary disease in women with chest pains and repolarization
      abnormalities of the ischemic type (at rest or during exercise)].

PMID- 3359462
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction: the importance of treatment during the first hour.

PMID- 3359464
TI  - [Autoradiographic localization of H3-dihydroergotoxine in the rat heart and
      kidney].

PMID- 3359463
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia using fetal echocardiography].

PMID- 3359466
TI  - [Ebstein's anomaly and pregnancy].

PMID- 3359465
TI  - [Effects of histamine on coronary circulation in man].

PMID- 3359467
TI  - Ambulatory monitoring of the cardiac patient.

PMID- 3359469
TI  - Ambulatory monitoring for cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 3359468
TI  - Public health aspects and optimal systems for ambulatory care.

PMID- 3359470
TI  - Detection of potential serious cardiac arrhythmias in coronary artery disease:
      use of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram.

PMID- 3359471
TI  - [Czech pediatric oncology 1987. Origin, development and present status of the
      profession and clinical practice of pediatric oncology in Prague].

PMID- 3359472
TI  - [Pathophysiology and treatment of tumor metastases. I. The mechanism of
      metastasis development].

PMID- 3359473
TI  - [Pathophysiology and treatment of tumor metastases. II. Present possibilities of
      prevention and treatment of metastases].

PMID- 3359474
TI  - [Aspiration biopsy of the thyroid in endocrinology practice].

PMID- 3359475
TI  - [Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia as a cause of acute kidney failure].

PMID- 3359476
TI  - [The hepatic form of larval toxocariasis].

PMID- 3359477
TI  - [Quinolones--increased possibilities of antibacterial therapy].

PMID- 3359478
TI  - The use of fura-2 to determine the relationship between cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and
      oxidase activation in rat neutrophils.
AB  - Incubation of rat neutrophils with fura-2-acetoxy-methyl ester (fura-2/AM)
      resulted in the loading of fura-2 almost exclusively into the cytoplasm. Despite
      the additional presence of fura-2/AM esterase activity in the granules, only 1.5%
      of cell-associated fura-2 was located within these organelles. Fura-2 leaked from
      neutrophils at an acceptably low rate 0.16 +/- 0.05% min-1 at 37 degrees C. At
      intracellular concentrations of fura-2 up to 500 microM, there was no effect on
      oxidase activation; although the cellular ATP content was reduced to
      approximately 50%. The peptide, f-met-leu-phe (fmlp), 1 microM, produced
      intensity changes of fluorescence excited at 340nm and 380nm which were
      consistent with a cytoplasmic Ca2+ rise from the resting level of 94 +/- 13nM to
      768 +/- 173nM (n = 6). Intracellular concentrations of fura-2 greater than 1mM
      were required to buffer effectively this rise, and it was estimated that an
      intracellular fura-2 concentration required for a high signal:autofluorescence
      ratio (100 microM) the cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffering capacity of the cells was
      increased by only 10%. The rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ induced by the peptide
      preceded activation of the oxidase by several seconds, and the magnitude of the
      response was dependent on the extent of the Ca2+ rise, half-maximal activation
      being achieved at approx. 600nM. These data were therefore consistent with a
      secondary messenger role for cytoplasmic Ca2+ in triggering neutrophil oxidase
      activation.

PMID- 3359480
TI  - Measurement and manipulation of cytoplasmic free calcium of ram and boar
      spermatozoa using quin 2.
AB  - The highly selective fluorescent Ca2+ indicator 'quin 2' has been loaded into ram
      and boar spermatozoa as the acetoxymethyl ester, 'quin 2/AM', which is hydrolysed
      and trapped in the cytoplasm. Loadings of several mM were not toxic to
      spermatozoa as judged by motility. Fluorescence measurements (mean +/- S.E.M.)
      indicated a normal cytoplasmic free-calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, of 193 nM +/-
      0.2 (n = 10) for ejaculated ram sperm, 175 nM +/- 3.9 (n = 10) for cauda
      epididymal boar sperm and 105 nM +/- 10 (n = 10) for the caput sperm. After cold
      shock ejaculated ram and cauda epididymal boar sperm did not retain quin 2, due
      presumably to structural damage. However, cold shocked caput boar sperm could be
      readily loaded with quin 2 and had a [Ca2+]i similar to control sperm. Sodium
      azide, propranolol and caffeine did not affect the [Ca2+]i of ram and boar sperm,
      however theophylline, dibutyryl c-AMP and La3+ significantly reduced it. The
      inhibitors rotenone and antimycin A, and the uncouplers 2,4-DNP and CCCP caused a
      transient elevation of [Ca2+]i, most likely resulting from release of
      mitochondrial calcium. The increased [Ca2+]i following addition of the ionophore
      A23187, was highly pH dependent in ram spermatozoa and it was critical to
      increase the pH of the medium above 7.5; the increase in [Ca2+]i was apparently
      not dependent on the oxidative metabolism of the sperm as addition of the
      uncouplers 2,4-DNP and CCCP had no effect on [Ca2+ )i. Addition of filipin to ram
      and boar sperm resulted in a large increase in [Ca2+]i but addition of filipin to
      ionophore-treated sperm caused [Ca2+]i to fall well below control levels.

PMID- 3359479
TI  - Dopamine inhibits calcium flux in the 7315a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumour.
AB  - Cells of the 7315a prolactin-secreting tumour express biochemically normal cell
      surface receptors for dopamine. However, dopamine inhibits prolactin release from
      these cells only when the basal rate of prolactin release is augmented by
      increasing the intracellular and/or extracellular calcium concentration of the
      tumour cells. This suggests that dopaminergic modulation of calcium ion flux
      could have a central physiological role in these neoplastic cells. In 7315a cells
      we examined the ability of dopamine to regulate 45Ca2+ influx and fractional
      45Ca2+ efflux under conditions of enhanced calcium flux using the calcium channel
      activator, maitotoxin. It was observed that unidirectional calcium influx
      stimulated by maitotoxin was significantly inhibited by dopamine. Maitotoxin
      stimulated fractional efflux and prolactin release from the tumour cells and
      dopamine simultaneously inhibited both processes by a haloperidol-reversible
      mechanism. Therefore, in 7315a cells dopamine receptor activation is coupled to
      inhibition of calcium flux as at least one component in the regulation of
      prolactin release. These cells may provide further opportunity to study
      intracellular signalling mechanisms that are modulated by dopamine receptor
      activity.

PMID- 3359481
TI  - Pathoanatomic studies in a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
AB  - In an earlier study patients with symptoms of orbital venous vasculitis--that is,
      cases of characteristic orbital pain and pathologic orbital phlebograms--were
      found to have increased signs of cerebral atrophy compared with age-matched
      controls. One such patient with nine incidents of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and
      advanced cerebral atrophy is reported, and his medical history and pathoanatomic
      studies are reported in detail. The cause of the atrophy was multiple small
      infarctions, which are suggested to be due to vasculitis. Other findings in this
      case support the hypothesis that the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome may be only one
      manifestation of a generalized vasculitis.

PMID- 3359482
TI  - Catecholamine response to light in migraine.
AB  - The effect of the shift from a low to a high luminosity of the environment on the
      urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) was studied in
      migraineurs (26 cases) and controls (25 cases). In the latter the shift from a
      low to high light exposure increased NE excretion; in contrast, in migraineurs
      exposure to high luminosity resulted in a depression of NE excretion and an
      augmentation of E excretion. The possible participation of E discharge produced
      by photostimulation or by other stimuli in the pathogenesis of migraine attack is
      discussed.

PMID- 3359483
TI  - Cluster headache in women: clinical findings and relationship with reproductive
      life.
AB  - Cluster headache (CH) occurs rarely among women; for this reason only a limited
      number of studies have been reported on the characteristics of the disease in the
      female population. In this study, 82 females (age range, 14-72 years) with
      episodic (69 cases) or chronic (13 cases) CH were investigated. The clinical
      features of headache and the physiologic events related to reproductive life were
      compared with those of various control groups. We did not find any remarkable
      differences in clinical features between men and women. Unlike other forms of
      primary headache, the course of CH does not seem to be modified by menstruation,
      pregnancy, or puerperium. Finally, our data seem to confirm a hypofertility
      trend, mostly after onset of CH, which had previously been noticed by other
      authors.

PMID- 3359484
TI  - Cervicogenic headache: results of computer-based measurements of cervical spine
      mobility in 15 patients.
AB  - Head and neck pain are often attributed to impaired mobility of the cervical
      spine. No established methods exist to examine such an impaired mobility
      objectively in patients with cervicogenic headache. Therefore, functional
      roentgenograms of the cervical spine in maximum ventral and dorsal flexion were
      analyzed in 15 patients with cervicogenic headache and in 18 controls.
      Qualitative radiologic evaluation showed no significant differences in either
      group. A computer-based technique to assess the mobility of the cervical spine
      demonstrated a statistically pronounced hypomobility of the craniocervical joints
      C0/C2 and an impaired overall mobility of the upper cervical spine (C0-C5) in the
      cervicogenic headache group. The most evident hypomotility was found in segment
      C0/C1. Interesting was, furthermore, a probably compensatory hypermotility in
      segment C6/C7. These findings did not correlate with the results of the
      qualitative radiologic evaluation.

PMID- 3359485
TI  - Plasma vasopressin levels in induced migraine attacks.
AB  - Vasopressin (aVP) at low concentrations functions as an antidiuretic hormone and
      has vasoconstrictive effects. To investigate the possible role of aVP in the
      pathogenesis of migraine, six patients with a history of induced migraine were
      given 100 g chocolate, and blood samples for plasma aVP were taken before
      ingestion and every hour for 4 h. In one patient who presented with severe
      headache and nausea the base-line plasma aVP concentration was 15.2 pg/ml; it
      fell to 3.2 pg/ml at 2 h before rising to 10 pg/ml at 3 h and 4 h as the symptoms
      worsened. In the five patients with moderate or no headache plasma aVP
      concentrations remained in the normal range (less than 3 pg/ml) throughout. The
      results suggest that aVP does not have a role in the aetiology of migraine. The
      possibility exists that during severe attacks of nausea there is release of aVP,
      which may be responsible for the facial pallor, antidiuresis, and coagulation
      abnormalities occasionally observed in migraine.

PMID- 3359486
TI  - Folding, trimerization, and transport are sequential events in the biogenesis of
      influenza virus hemagglutinin.
AB  - Results from several systems indicate that correct protein folding and subunit
      assembly correlate with the transport of membrane and secretory proteins from the
      endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex. Because the site of oligomer
      assembly and its precise relationship to intracellular transport remain unclear,
      we have studied in detail the folding and trimerization of the influenza virus
      hemagglutinin (HA0) relative to its transport from ER to Golgi. Trimerization and
      transport were analyzed using several different methods, including transport
      inhibitors, temperature blocks, semi-intact cells, in vitro protein
      translocation, and immunocytochemistry. Taken together, the results clearly
      demonstrate that trimerization occurs at a point prior to exit from the ER.
      Before assembly, HA0 monomers were extensively folded and possessed
      intramolecular disulfide bonds, but monomers were not transported to the cis
      Golgi compartment. Thus, hemagglutinin progresses through at least two
      intermediate states before transport to the Golgi: highly folded monomers and
      trimers that have not yet left the ER.

PMID- 3359487
TI  - Mitotic induction and maintenance by overexpression of a G2-specific gene that
      encodes a potential protein kinase.
AB  - There may be a causal relationship between expression of the G2-specific gene
      nimA and mitotic regulation in Aspergillus. To test this relationship we have
      introduced extra inducible copies of nimA into Aspergillus and determined the
      effect of nimA overproduction on mitotic regulation. The results show that nimA
      overexpression causes mitotic induction in less than a cell cycle and maintains
      chromatin in a condensed state. These effects occur even if cells are first
      blocked in S phase. Sequence analysis shows that the nimA gene encodes a
      potential protein kinase. These data indicate that there is indeed a causal
      relationship between expression of nimA and the regulation of mitosis and further
      implicate protein phosphorylation in mitotic control.

PMID- 3359488
TI  - Novel reactions of RNAase P with a tRNA-like structure in turnip yellow mosaic
      virus RNA.
AB  - A quasi-continuous double hellix, containing a pseudoknot and ending in a single
      stranded region which contains CCA, can be formed at the 3' terminus of the
      genomic RNAs of certain plant viruses. M1 RNA (the catalytic subunit) alone and
      the RNAase P holoenzyme from E. coli cleave the tRNA-like structure of TYMV RNA
      in vitro at the 5' side of the quasi-helical structure to generate 5' phosphate
      and 3' hydroxyl groups in the cleavage products. The intact pseudoknot structure
      in the substrate is not required for the reaction catalyzed by M1 RNA alone, but
      its presence markedly improves the efficiency of the reaction. In addition to its
      essential role in the biosynthesis of tRNA, RNAase P may have another function in
      vivo, namely, in the physiology of viral infections.

PMID- 3359490
TI  - The position of the microtubule-organizing center relative to the nucleus is
      independent of the direction of cell migration in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Dictyostelium amoebae can migrate in several different modes. We tested for
      correlations of the direction of cell locomotion with the relative positions of
      the nucleus and microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Five cases were analyzed on
      electron micrographs with a microcomputer. Each mode of movement showed
      characteristic locations of the MTOC relative to the nucleus; however, they
      differed in the various cases. In randomly migrating interphase amoebae, the
      number of cells with the MTOC located behind the nucleus was twice as great as
      those with the MTOC located ahead of the nucleus. During chemotactic migration
      toward folic acid, cells with the MTOC behind the nucleus were more numerous,
      with a concomitant reduction of anterior MTOCs. When amoebae aggregated on agar
      plates, a posterior location of the MTOC was most strikingly favored, whereas in
      cells aggregating under submerged conditions, the MTOC was indifferently anterior
      or posterior to the nucleus. (It may be significant that EDTA-resistant cell-cell
      adhesion was fully expressed in the former cells, but weaker in the latter.)
      Finally, in the case of chemotactically migrating cells from dissociated
      pseudoplasmodia, which adhere by means of other molecules, the MTOC was
      consistently ahead of the nucleus. Thus the MTOC shows no necessary preferential
      position anterior or posterior to the nucleus; its position, rather, correlates
      with the type of migration and perhaps with the nature of cell-cell adhesion.

PMID- 3359489
TI  - Elevated NK sensitivity of Raji cells carrying acceptor-bound C3 fragments.
AB  - The majority of cell lines derived from Burkitt lymphomas carry CR2 on their
      plasma membrane cell lines of haematopoietic origin can activate C3 present in
      human serum through the alternative pathway. However, only the lines that carry
      CR2 were shown to bind C3 fragments. This bond can be either fixation to acceptor
      sites or attachment to the CR. Our studies with Raji cells showed that when the
      possibility for the covalent acceptor bond was eliminated by using methylamine
      (MA)- or zymosan-treated serum, considerably lower amounts of C3 were bound. In
      the zymosan-treated serum C3 fragments are present that can bind to receptors but
      their capacity for acceptor bond is absent. These results indicate that when Raji
      cell are incubated in human serum some of the generated C3 fragments are bound to
      acceptors and a lower proportion through the specific interaction with complement
      receptors. Pretreatment of the CR2 carrying cell lines with human serum elevated
      their sensitivity to the lytic effect of human blood lymphocytes. We showed in
      this work that MA-treated serum did not induce this elevation. Zymosan-treated
      serum under conditions that excluded activation of the residual native C3
      molecules, i.e., in the presence of EDTA, did not have the enhancing effect
      either. These results suggest that the increased lytic efficiency imposed by
      human serum was due to cleavage of C3 molecules by Raji and fixation of the C3
      fragments by acceptor sites. Natural killer cells carry CR3; therefore it is
      likely that the attached C3 fragments bind also to the effector cells. The C3
      molecules could elevate thereby the avidity between the target and the lytic
      lymphocytes. The observation that C3 fragments are not bound to the surface of
      CR2 negative lines in spite of their capacity to activate C3 suggests that the
      receptor molecule is either involved in the activation and/or serves also as an
      acceptor.

PMID- 3359491
TI  - 51-kd protein, a component of microtubule-organizing granules in the mitotic
      apparatus involved in aster formation in vitro.
AB  - Mitotic apparatuses (MAs) isolated from sea urchin metaphase eggs were chilled on
      ice to depolymerize microtubules, homogenized, and incubated with tubulin. This
      caused formation of many small asters with microtubules focusing on granules
      which were probably fragments of the centrosome. The aster-forming protein
      components of the granules in the homogenized MAs were solubilized in 0.5 M KCl
      containing 50% glycerol. After dialysis against low-ionic-strength buffer
      solution, proteins congregated to form granular assembly capable of initiating
      aster formation. Phosphocellulose column chromatography enabled the separation of
      the aster-forming protein fraction which contained a 51,000 molecular weight
      protein (51-kd protein) as a major component. The protein fraction possessing the
      aster-forming activity was also prepared from methaphase whole egg homogenate,
      and the elution profile of the 51-kd protein on phosphocellulose column also
      coincided with that of the aster-forming activity. The granular assembly
      reconstituted from the phosphocellulose fraction formed asters whose microtubules
      show the same growth rate and length distribution as those of asters
      reconstructed from the granules in the homogenized MAs. Anti-51-kd protein
      antibody that was raised in rabbit and affinity-purified stained the center of
      asters which were reconstructed either from the granules in the homogenized MAs
      or from the granular assembly reconstituted from the phosphocellulose fraction.
      These results suggest that the 51-kd protein is a component in the aster-forming
      activity of the centrosomal component in vitro.

PMID- 3359493
TI  - [Advances in the laboratory diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland. II.
      Analytical review].

PMID- 3359492
TI  - Accumulation of fluorescently labeled actin in the cortical layer in sea urchin
      eggs after fertilization.
AB  - Actin from sea urchin eggs was fluorescently labeled with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate (FITC), N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methylcoumarinyl)-maleimide (DACM),
      or 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (IAF) and microinjected into sea urchin eggs and
      oocytes. It distributed evenly in the cytoplasm of unfertilized eggs. Upon
      fertilization, actin accumulated first around the sperm binding site and, soon
      afterwards, in the fertilization cone. The accumulation propagated all over the
      cortex after a latent period of 10-20 sec. In the case of Clypeaster japonicus
      eggs, propagation of the accumulation coincided with a shape change in the egg,
      suggesting that the accumulated actin in the cortex generates forces. FITC-actin
      was incorporated into microvilli and retained in the cortex after cleavage. On
      the other hand, DACM- or IAF-actin was not incorporated into microvilli and was
      dispersed from the cortex by cleavage. These differences may be attributable to
      differences in the properties of the actins labeled at different sites. After
      photobleaching by laser light irradiation, FITC- or IAF-actin redistributed in
      the cortex of fertilized egg as quickly as it did before fertilization. When an
      unfertilized egg was injected with both actin and a calcium buffer (intracellular
      free Ca2+ concentration 9 microM), the actin accumulation was similar to that
      during fertilization but without the latent period. This suggests that the
      accumulation depended on the increase in the intracellular free Ca2+
      concentration. When the unfertilized egg was injected with 0.2 M EGTA after
      injection of labeled actin and then inseminated, it accumulated only in the
      protrusion of cytoplasm where the sperm had entered, and fertilization was not
      completed. In immature oocytes, the accumulation was observed in the cortical
      region, including the huge protrusion of the cytoplasm where the sperm had
      entered. These results suggest that actin accumulation in the sperm binding site
      plays an important role in the sperm reception mechanism of the egg.

PMID- 3359494
TI  - [Thoughts on the communication barrier between the pharmacist and the patient].

PMID- 3359495
TI  - [Abstracts of reports presented at the 15th conference on Experimental Cardiology
      and Physiology of the Purkinje Medical Society. 12-14 November 1986, Melniku].

PMID- 3359496
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and determination of the extremities of the 26S ribosomal RNA
      gene in wheat mitochondria: evidence for sequence rearrangements in the ribosomal
      genes of higher plants.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of the wheat mitochondrial 26S ribosomal RNA gene and
      flanking regions was determined and compared with mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes
      from maize and Oenothera. All three genes exhibit a high degree of homology
      except within two variable regions. When the plant mitochondrial 26S rRNA genes
      are compared with Escherichia coli 23S rRNA and chloroplast 23S and 4.5S rRNA
      genes, a third variable region is apparent close to the 3' end of the gene. The
      5' and 3' ends of the wheat mitochondrial gene were determined by S1 nuclease
      mapping. Computer analysis of the wheat mitochondrial gene revealed several small
      sequences present either in the 5' region of the 26S rRNA gene or in the 18S rRNA
      gene.

PMID- 3359497
TI  - The site of deletion of the inverted repeat in pea chloroplast DNA contains
      duplicated gene fragments.
AB  - Analysis of a nucleotide sequence from pea chloroplast DNA which spans the site
      of deletion of one copy of the large inverted repeat (IR) element suggests that
      the IR unit has been entirely deleted, but that the single-copy coding sequences
      which flanked it (trnH and ndh5) have been left intact. However, these flanking
      sequences have not simply been ligated together: between them there is instead a
      novel approximately 200 bp DNA sequence which includes two regions apparently
      derived by the duplication of fragments of the psbA and rbcL genes.

PMID- 3359498
TI  - [Anterior ischemic neuropathy of the optic nerve as visualized by perimetry].

PMID- 3359499
TI  - [Idiopathic drusen in the optic disk from the prognosis aspect].

PMID- 3359500
TI  - [Eye damage caused by light from an operating microscope and possibilities of its
      prevention].

PMID- 3359502
TI  - [Experiences during a study trip to West Germany].

PMID- 3359501
TI  - [The working environment of the ophthalmologist in ambulatory care].

PMID- 3359503
TI  - [List of methods (no. 1/1986) from the leading expert in ophthalmology at the
      Czech Ministry of Health for the implementation of the diabetology program in
      ophthalmology].

PMID- 3359504
TI  - [Pathogenesis of disorders of transparency of the optic medium of the eye.
      Importance of monitoring levels of metallic elements. I. Determination of
      copper].

PMID- 3359505
TI  - [The phenomenon of spontaneous postural autokinesis in alternating directions].

PMID- 3359506
TI  - [Evaluation of the approach used in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma in our
      clinic].

PMID- 3359507
TI  - [Evaluation of social case histories of children with mastoidectomy].

PMID- 3359508
TI  - [Preventive follow-up examinations of uranium miners].

PMID- 3359509
TI  - [Audiologic dispensary care of workers exposed to the risk of noise].

PMID- 3359510
TI  - [Voice disorders in workers in a noisy work environment at the Sverma Ironworks
      in Podbrezova].

PMID- 3359511
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis of the nose. A contribution to a timely diagnosis].

PMID- 3359513
TI  - [Fibrous dysplasia of the facial bones in a 7-year-old boy].

PMID- 3359512
TI  - [Adeno-tonsillectomy and unilateral tonsillectomy].

PMID- 3359514
TI  - [Quantitative microscopic analysis of brain tumors in children].

PMID- 3359515
TI  - [Epithelial lesions and carcinoma of the uterine cervix (classification,
      diagnosis and therapeutic approach)].

PMID- 3359516
TI  - [Necrosis of the bone marrow].

PMID- 3359517
TI  - [An immunocytochemistry method for frozen ultrathin sections].

PMID- 3359518
TI  - [Tumors of the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid immunology (use of
      monoclonal antibodies)].

PMID- 3359519
TI  - [Electrophysiologic study of reflexes in the lumbar paravertebral muscles in
      healthy persons and in patients with central motor disorders].

PMID- 3359520
TI  - [Imaging of ischemic brain lesions in the rabbit based on magnetic resonance
      tomography].

PMID- 3359521
TI  - [The electrogenesis, incidence, development and significance of fasciculation
      (clinico-electromyographic study)].

PMID- 3359522
TI  - [2 different excitability curves of the H-reflex in patients with the
      neurasthenic syndrome].

PMID- 3359523
TI  - [13th seminar on occupational neurology and neurotoxicology. Brno, 1986.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3359524
TI  - [Drug therapy of subarachnoid hemorrhage and its complications].

PMID- 3359525
TI  - [An appeal for the general antismoking campaign "A chance for 3 million"].

PMID- 3359526
TI  - [The physician and the computer. 14. Systematic nomenclature in medicine-
      SNOMED].

PMID- 3359528
TI  - [The importance of prolactinemia assessment in children with hypophyseal tumors].

PMID- 3359527
TI  - [Determination of the renal threshold for glucose excretion in diabetic
      children].

PMID- 3359529
TI  - [Diagnosis of spherical masses in the chest cavity in children].

PMID- 3359530
TI  - [The Brachmann-de Lang syndrome in 4 infants].

PMID- 3359531
TI  - [Heart valve replacement in children].

PMID- 3359532
TI  - [Congenital arteriovenous aneurysms in the area of the vena magna cerebri
      (Galeni)].

PMID- 3359533
TI  - [Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in a child with cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3359534
TI  - [Pollinosis. 2].

PMID- 3359535
TI  - [New findings on the phagocytic system in the human neonate. I. Chemotactic
      (migratory) activity of granulocytes and monocytes].

PMID- 3359536
TI  - [Simulation of systems--specifics of the form of the implementation process].

PMID- 3359537
TI  - [Possibilities and limitations of health care prognostication].

PMID- 3359539
TI  - [The present impact of infectious diseases].

PMID- 3359538
TI  - [Systems simulation in health care: empiricism without economics?].

PMID- 3359540
TI  - [Effect of drug utilization on basic indicators of temporary work disability due
      to disease or injury].

PMID- 3359542
TI  - [Computer tomography of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3359541
TI  - [Dilatation of benign esophageal stenoses with balloon catheters].

PMID- 3359543
TI  - [Ductal radiographic signs of distal branching of the mammary ducts].

PMID- 3359544
TI  - [Hyperostosis sternocostoclavicularis].

PMID- 3359545
TI  - [Actinomycotic abscess in the lumbar region in a patient after severe trauma].

PMID- 3359546
TI  - [Exposure of patients to ionizing radiation in radiodiagnosis].

PMID- 3359547
TI  - [Evaluation of radiation loading in patients in radiodiagnostic examinations].

PMID- 3359548
TI  - [Efficacy of a low-residue diet in the prevention of immuno-nutritional changes
      caused by the preparation of the colon for surgery].
AB  - Twenty-four patients about to undergo colorectal resection for cancer were
      randomly divided into two groups of 12: A and B. All had an uninterrupted colonic
      preparation for colonoscopy and surgery involving dietary restrictions for 4-8
      days (450 calories; 25 g. proteins daily). In the group B an additional intake of
      1200 Kcal. and 32 g. protein daily was given by a low-residue diet. Body weight,
      lymphocytes, albumin, prealbumin, C3, C4 and Complement activity (CH100) were
      evaluated on admission and after bowel preparation. In group A statistically
      significant decrease were found in all the parameters. In group B significant
      reduction occurred only in C4. The data confirm a relationship between immuno
      nutritional state and preparation for colonic surgery, and suggest that a
      preoperative nutritional support may avoid or limit bio-humoral changes,
      indicative of an immuno-nutritional impairment.

PMID- 3359549
TI  - [Biomechanical and clinical study of gunshot wounds (general problems). I].
AB  - Above and beyond their effective epidemiological incidence, which is perhaps
      somewhat greater than is commonly imagined even outside the war context, gunshot
      wounds constitute a unique cultural opportunity for the traumatologist and for
      surgeons in general. The actual morphological and clinical features of such
      wounds, which bear precise, localized witness to, and reflect in a virtually
      mathematical manner, a programmed, and thus readily quantifiable, dimension of
      kinetic energy (rich in experimental implications), stand out against the
      backcloth of an extremely extensive involvement of the body in which, amongst
      other things, the intervention of a whole host of mediators may be seen to play a
      decisive role. Lastly, it should not be forgotten that it is precisely in field
      hospitals or their equivalents that surgery has found a precious opportunity to
      escape the environmental or "cultural" conditioning of the moment and play a
      leading role not only in terms of technological solutions but also in terms of
      reflection on the main leitmotive of pathophysiology, from shock to ARDS.

PMID- 3359550
TI  - [Personal case series of intrahepatic lithiasis].
AB  - Fifteen cases of intrahepatic lithiasis are reported, on 1798 operations for non
      malignant diseases of the biliary tract (0.8%), carried out by the Authors in the
      last 11 years. Two cases were described separately, consisting respectively of an
      "eastern" hepatolithiasis, and a secondary form, due to stenosis of a
      choledochoduodenostomy, which had been performed after surgical injury of the
      common bile duct. The other 13 patients had a "mixed" form. Jaundice was present
      in 8 of these cases, cholangitis in 4. Intrahepatic stones were diagnosed
      preoperatively in 3 cases and intraoperatively in 10. A bilioenteric anastomosis
      was carried out in 9 cases, a sphincteroplasty in 3, and a T-tube drainage in a
      patient with suppurative cholangitis. Two patients died postoperatively, both
      from sepsis: the first in the early postoperative phase, after emergency
      operation for cholangitis; the other, with "primitive" hepatolithiasis, 3 months
      after the operation. Clinical results are satisfactory after 1-11 years. On the
      basis of data from current literature, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are set
      forth, with specific reference to the mixed and secondary forms: the bilioenteric
      anastomoses seem to give better chances of success, but the need to have access
      to lobar ducts may sometimes impose hilar derivations. Spincteroplasty may have a
      few indications, solely in selected patients.

PMID- 3359551
TI  - [Intraoperative prevention of pulmonary embolism from neoplastic caval thrombosis
      secondary to renal tumors].
AB  - The authors analyze diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic influence of caval
      neoplastic thrombosis in management of renal cell carcinoma. They describe, for
      the first time, the utilization of De Weese caval clip to prevent intraoperative
      pulmonary embolism secondary to surgical manipulations.

PMID- 3359552
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the colon associated with mucosal melanosis].
AB  - The authors report on a case of solitary ulcer of the large bowel associated with
      mucosal melanosis, stressing the peculiar nature of this rare pathology and its
      differentiation from solitary ulcer of the rectum. The pathogenesis of the
      disease is still unknown and histological data from biopsies performed at various
      time intervals in chronic cases show, in this case as in other cases of solitary
      ulcer of the rectum, that histological findings vary over time; in the case
      reported on here, histology revealed a transition from a chronic inflammatory
      situation to one of mucosal melanosis after three months. Diagnosis is reached by
      exclusion and is based on colonoscopy plus biopsy. Useful techniques in
      complicated cases are selective angiography (for haemorrhage) or CAT (for
      perforations, abscesses). Treatment is conservative in uncomplicated cases, with
      suitable follow-up in the form of check colonoscopies and targeted biopsies.
      Surgical treatment is confined to those cases--by no means infrequent-
      complicated by haemorrhage, perforation and abscesses.

PMID- 3359553
TI  - [Aneurysms of the gluteal artery (description of a clinical case and review of
      the literature)].
AB  - The authors show a case of superior gluteal artery aneurysm they operated
      successfully. Starting from this case the Authors review the literature about the
      etiology, the clinical characteristics, the diagnosis and the various methods of
      treatment of this lesion.

PMID- 3359554
TI  - [The role of endoscopic polypectomy in the prevention of cancer of the colon].
AB  - After briefly analyzing the concept and genesis of dysplasia starting with the
      normal large bowel cell and then illustrating the polyp-carcinoma sequence, the
      authors report on their experience with 283 endoscopic polypectomies in a total
      of 1.875 patients undergoing endoscopy of the rectum, sigmoid and large bowel
      since 1980. Forty-nine polyps presented severe dysplasia, and 38 had already
      degenerated to carcinoma; nine of the carcinomas had invaded the stalk and the
      patients were subjected to resection of the colon and mesocolon, lymph-node
      metastases being observed in 1 case.

PMID- 3359555
TI  - [Intra-abdominal rupture of varices of the round ligament: a rare cause of
      hemoperitoneum in patients with cirrhosis].
AB  - The authors report two cases of haemoperitoneum due to intra-abdominal rupture of
      the round ligament in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. A review of
      the literature on the subject reveals the rarity of such observations. The
      eventuality must be borne in mind, however, in the treatment of the haemorrhagic
      complications of portal hypertension in view of the associated high mortality.
      Simple ligature of the bleeding varix is the operation which offers the greatest
      possibility of survival.

PMID- 3359556
TI  - DNA repair following incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into DNA of mouse bone
      marrow cells.
AB  - 5-Fluorouracil (FUra) was previously demonstrated to be incorporated into DNA at
      cytotoxic concentrations in mouse bone marrow cells. Subsequently, we showed that
      under these conditions FUra exhibited a time-dependent removal from DNA
      accompanied by a decrease in DNA strand length. In the present study we utilized
      hydroxyurea to inhibit semiconservative DNA synthesis while monitoring DNA repair
      by measuring the incorporation of [3H]dThd into double-stranded DNA (DNAds),
      which can be separated from DNA at the replication fork (DNAss) by benzoylated
      naphthoylated-DEAE cellulose. Under these conditions we assessed DNA repair in
      cells that had previously been exposed for 1 h to varying cytotoxic
      concentrations of FUra. The results demonstrate an increase in labelling of DNAds
      with increasing FUra concentrations, with no appreciable increase in
      incorporation of label into DNAss. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that
      DNA repair occurs following incorporation of FUra. The failure to repair DNA
      damage at higher FUra concentrations may have a role in the cytotoxicity of this
      drug.

PMID- 3359557
TI  - In vitro antiproliferative activity of 2'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-thiazoline-4'
      carboxylic acid and its methyl ester on L1210 and P388 murine neoplasms.
AB  - The activity of three iron chelators, methyl [2'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-thiazoline
      4'-carboxylate] (MTL); 2'-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2'-thiazoline-4'-carboxylic acid
      (TFAL); and 2-hydroxyphenyl-imido-ethyl-ether (Imidate), regarding
      antiproliferative, cytocidal, and cell-cycle effects are reported and compared
      with hydroxyurea (HU). In vitro, against L1210 and P388 murine neoplasms, MTL and
      TFAL displayed substantially greater antiproliferative activity than HU, although
      Imidate displayed no appreciable activity. MTL also induced a statistically more
      complete G1/S cell-boundary block than did HU at equimolar concentrations (100
      microM). The IC50 values produced by MTL and TFAL were low enough (less than or
      equal to 20 microM) to warrant further testing of these chelators as potential
      antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 3359558
TI  - Sequence dependence of the antitumor and toxic effects of 5-fluorouracil and cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum combination on primary colon tumors in mice.
AB  - Primary colon tumors of different sizes and malignancy, chemically induced by
      methylazoxymethanol in outbred CF-1 mice, were used to investigate the antitumor
      effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (DDP), given
      weekly i.v. as single agents or in combination. When single-drug chemotherapy was
      tested, DDP showed higher efficacy than 5FU. In fact, in two separate experiments
      a significant reduction (P less than 0.05) of tumor number (TN) and tumor burden
      was obtained by treatment with the optimal dose of DDP (4.5 mg/kg per injection)
      and not by that of 5FU (52 mg/kg). When the two drugs were combined (24-h
      interval), studies carried out on healthy mice treated weekly i.v. showed a lower
      toxicity with the same doses given in the sequence 5FU-DDP than in the opposite
      sequence. The two drugs, delivered in the sequence 5FU followed by DDP,
      statistically reduced the TN and total tumor burden compared to control mice (P
      less than 0.05). On the other hand, the same doses in the sequence DDP followed
      by 5FU did not attain significant tumor reduction. The sequence dependence of the
      activity and toxicity of the 5FU and DDP combination observed in this
      experimental model should be taken into account in the design of clinical trials.

PMID- 3359559
TI  - Effects of an inducer and an inhibitor of hepatic metabolism on the antitumor
      action of dimethyltriazenes.
AB  - To investigate the role of monomethyltriazenes as the active metabolites of
      antitumor dimethyltriazenes, the in vivo simultaneous treatment with an inducer
      (phenobarbital, PB) or an inhibitor (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4) of hepatic drug
      metabolism was examined in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Treatment with PB
      or CCl4 with the dosage and schedules employed proved to be effective in markedly
      modifying the N-demethylation of the three dimethyltriazenes tested, as had been
      determined in vitro. No unambiguous increase by PB, or decrease by CCl4, which
      might theoretically be expected if metabolic conversion to monomethyltriazenes
      was involved, was observed for the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of
      dimethyltriazenes. At the same time, a difference was noted between the effects
      on primary tumors and those on metastases. These data support the view that
      generalizations on the relevance of monomethyltriazenes as the active metabolites
      responsible for the antitumor and antimetastatic activity of dimethyltriazenes
      may not be valid.

PMID- 3359560
TI  - Lack of cross-resistance of a doxorubicin-resistant B16 melanoma line with 4'
      deoxy-4'-iodo-doxorubicin.
AB  - A B16 melanoma cell line in which resistance to doxorubicin (Dx) had been induced
      by in vitro exposure to the drug, was found not to be cross-resistant with 4'
      deoxy-4'-iodo-doxorubicin (4'-I-Dx), a new Dx derivative. Dx was 200 times less
      active in resistant than in sensitive cells, whereas the iodo derivative compound
      had the same level of activity in both cell lines. Cytotoxicity of Dx was
      dependent on concentration and on length of treatment, whereas that of 4'-I-Dx
      was correlated only with drug concentration. In an effort to explain this
      different behavior, intracellular retention and distribution of the two drugs was
      examined. Uptake and efflux of 4'-I-Dx in sensitive and resistant cells were
      similar, and cellular retention of the drug was 5-25 times higher than that of
      Dx. In addition, intracellular distribution of the iodo-derivative compound was
      similar in both cell lines, whereas more nuclear Dx was found in sensitive than
      in resistant cells. These differences may explain not only the lack of cross
      resistance, but also the different cytotoxic behavior, of 4'-I-Dx.

PMID- 3359561
TI  - Renal impairment following the combined use of high-dose methotrexate and
      procarbazine.
AB  - A major side-effect of high-dose methotrexate is renal toxicity, which may
      develop unexpectedly despite adequate standard precautions such as hydration and
      alkalinisation of the urine. The pathogenesis is unclear. Recent reports suggest
      that the combination of high-dose methotrexate with non-chemotherapeutic agents
      may cause such renal impairment. Three cases of unexpected renal impairment
      following the combined use of high-dose methotrexate and another cytotoxic agent,
      procarbazine, are reported. Possible mechanisms of this interaction are
      discussed, as are recommendations for future combined administration.

PMID- 3359562
TI  - Resolving behaviour problems in preschool children: evaluation of a workshop for
      health visitors.
AB  - Workshops on helping parents resolve behaviour problems in their preschool child
      were provided for all health visitors from one health district in Bristol, UK. An
      emphasis was placed upon engaging the parents as behaviour change agents, whilst
      providing a constructional approach to the treatment of this type of problem. The
      course was evaluated 3 months later. Results are discussed in terms of usefulness
      of course content as perceived by the health visitors, reported alterations to
      their health visiting practice and implications for future liaison between
      clinical psychologists and health visitors.

PMID- 3359563
TI  - Illness experience and related knowledge amongst children with asthma.
AB  - Forty-nine children with asthma (aged 7-16 years) completed a questionnaire
      concerned with (1) general knowledge about the body and how it works, and (2)
      specific knowledge about the cause and prognosis of asthma, knowledge of
      allergens and self-care behaviours. Compared with a matched group of healthy
      children, they were less well-informed about general knowledge of the body.
      Knowledge of asthma was also poor. Few children made any specific attempts to
      avoid situations known to precipitate attacks. There was no significant increase
      with age in knowledge of allergens or awareness of how to control attacks. The
      results indicate a need to make asthmatic children more aware of their illness,
      particularly with regard to self-care.

PMID- 3359564
TI  - Partnership with nursing mothers: an interim strategy for combating childhood
      enteric diseases in Nigeria.
AB  - Five hundred and fifteen homes of nursing mothers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, who had
      earlier brought their children for treatment of diarrhoeal diseases at the IUTHC
      infant child welfare clinics were visited between January 1982 and June 1984. The
      mothers' perceptions as to causes, prevention and control of childhood enteritis
      were elicited: 49.7% of the mothers attributed the cause of the disease to evil
      spirits; and 9.5% believed enteritis in children to be due to contamination of
      children's feeds. Modern medicine was perceived to be the ideal method for
      treating this disease by only 7.4% of the mothers, while 88.8% opted for any of
      the traditional methods. In order to reduce the devasting effects of enteric
      diseases among children born to mothers in tropical countries of Africa and Asia,
      it is imperative that all health workers understand the cultural and social
      perceptions of their clients towards the disease in question. Illiteracy, and
      unsanitary and unhygienic environmental conditions were found to be the main
      factors precipitating enteritis. Implications and strategies for minimizing
      diarrhoea and other childhood enteric diseases are discussed in the text.

PMID- 3359565
TI  - Immunophenotypes by flow cytometry: a longitudinal study in healthy individuals.
AB  - Weekly blood samples from five healthy volunteers were obtained for 13 weeks to
      assess the variations in the immunological phenotypes of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes and monocytes. Monoclonal antibodies to eleven lymphocyte and two
      monocyte antigens were evaluated using two-color flow cytometry. Average week-to
      week differences were less than 5% for all monoclonal antibodies and combinations
      except for I2+, NKH-1+, MO1+, and MO2+ cells. The observed variations presumably
      reflected both technical variables and responses of the immune system to daily
      environmental insults.

PMID- 3359566
TI  - Lymphocyte phenotyping of infants with congenital heart disease: comparison of
      cell preparation techniques.
AB  - The diagnostic evaluation of infants with suspected DiGeorge syndrome includes
      peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype analysis by flow cytometry. Mononuclear
      cells are typically concentrated from infants' blood samples by Ficoll-Hypaque
      (FH) density gradient centrifugation prior to monoclonal antibody (Mab) staining.
      Having observed that lymphocyte percentages in samples prepared by this technique
      were low more often than anticipated based on the prevalence of the suspected
      diagnosis, we undertook a prospective study of 55 infants with congenital heart
      disease comparing FH with a whole-blood (WB) technique. Sixty healthy adult
      controls were similarly studied. We report the observation that FH-prepared
      mononuclear cells from blood samples of infants less than 4 months of age yield
      substantially different phenotypes than WB-prepared samples. The differences are
      related to red blood cell (RBC) contamination. No such difference was seen with
      adult samples. Unlike FH-prepared adult samples, contaminating RBCs are
      indistinguishable from lymphocytes through at least 4 months of age when assessed
      by the standard cytometric gating parameters of forward and 90 degrees light
      scatter. The use of a WB ammonium chloride lysis technique is recommended as most
      appropriate for the preparation of infants' blood samples.

PMID- 3359567
TI  - Isotypic distribution of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies: a diagnostic
      evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - Anti-native DNA antibodies were studied using an immunoglobulin class-specific
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 450 sera, virtually all of which
      were antinuclear antibody positive. ELISA was positive in about 85% of systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera, usually at high titer and for two or three
      isotypes. Virtually all sera with antibodies of the three main classes were
      collected from SLE patients. Very high titers were unique to SLE. In contrast,
      low-titer antibodies of a single, mostly IgM, class were found in certain
      patients without evidence of autoimmune disease or with non-SLE autoimmune
      diseases. The isotypy and titer of the antibodies hence appear to be critical
      parameters for a correct interpretation of results. Under these conditions, ELISA
      seems to be usable as single screening test for the demonstration of anti-DNA
      antibodies.

PMID- 3359568
TI  - Use of filter paper discs as substrate for collection and storage of blood
      samples for screening of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies.
AB  - A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection
      of antibodies to tetanus in dried blood samples spotted on filter paper discs has
      been developed. A good correlation was found between the two methods, filter
      paper disc assay and direct blood assay (r = 0.91). The specificity of the test
      was determined by a competitive inhibition assay using goat anti-tetanus-toxoid
      antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The interassay coefficient of
      variation is 10-12%. The antibodies were measurable until 4 months of storage of
      filter paper discs at room temperature (25 degrees C). This procedure is useful
      for mass screening of anti-tetanus antibodies using dried blood samples on filter
      paper discs.

PMID- 3359569
TI  - Mononuclear cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients exhibit a depressed IgM
      response to sheep erythrocyte stimulation in vitro.
AB  - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells when cultured for the short term (11
      days) produce an optimal IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep
      erythrocytes, which is dependent on macrophages and T suppressor and helper
      lymphocytes. With this system we have investigated the PFC response of
      individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and compared this to the response of normal
      sex- and age-matched controls and of patients with osteoarthritis. The response
      of rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly lower than that of subjects in
      the other two categories.

PMID- 3359570
TI  - Morphometric evidence for non-pressure-related arterial wall thickening in
      hypertension.
AB  - To investigate the relation of pressure and vascular wall thickening in
      hypertension, we coarcted the abdominal aorta upstream to the renal arteries in
      14 rats. Sham-coarcted (n = 16) and two-kidney, one-clip (Goldblatt) hypertensive
      rats (n = 13) served as controls. Tail, femoral, and carotid arterial pressures
      rose (p less than 0.01) in the two-kidney, one-clip hypertensives; only carotid
      pressure rose (p less than 0.01) in the coarcted rats, tail and femoral pressures
      remaining normal (p greater than 0.25). Thus, the hindquarters of the coarcted
      rats remained normotensive. Four to six weeks after surgery we perfusion-fixed
      vascular tissues of the hindquarters, including kidneys, with formalin at in vivo
      levels of pressure. Glycol methacrylate-embedded tissues were sectioned at 1
      micron thickness and vessels quantitatively evaluated. The outer medial and lumen
      perimeters of abdominal aorta, femoral artery, and renal arterioles were
      measured; from these measurements, vessel outer and lumen diameters, medial
      thickness, medial area, and medial thickness-to-lumen radius ratios were
      calculated. Compared with sham-coarcted rats, abdominal aorta, femoral arteries,
      and renal arterioles less than 61 microns outer diameter in rats with coarctation
      and Goldblatt hypertension had significantly increased (up to +100%) medial area,
      medial thickness, and medial thickness-to-lumen radius ratios. In general,
      magnitudes of abnormalities were similar in Goldblatt and coarcted rats. Renal
      arterioles greater than 60 microns outside diameter in Goldblatt hypertensive,
      but not coarcted, rats also were thickened. These results indicate that vascular
      wall thickening occurs in conduit arteries and smaller renal arterioles in the
      normotensive hindquarters of coarcted rats, providing morphometric evidence for
      non-pressure-related mechanisms involved in vascular growth in this form of
      hypertension.

PMID- 3359571
TI  - Impaired fibrinolysis-inducing capacity for postinjury phenotype of cultivated
      human arterial and human atherosclerotic intimal smooth muscle cells.
AB  - Impaired fibrinolysis is believed to promote atherosclerosis and contribute to
      myocardial infarction. The major triggering factor for fibrinolysis is vascular
      tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and the aim of this study was to evaluate
      the capacity of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) for induction of
      fibrinolysis. SMC were plated on labeled fibrin gels, and lysis was measured as
      release of label. Fibrinolytic capacity was dependent on the phenotypic state of
      SMC. The "multilayered phenotype" to which SMC modulate after cellular injury had
      a much lower fibrinolysis-inducing capacity than the more ordinary "monolayered"
      SMC type. Fibrinolysis was mediated by activation of plasminogen. In long-term
      experiments under conditions imitating thrombolysis, platelet-derived growth
      factor promoted fibrinolysis indirectly by increase of SMC number, and a direct
      effect on cellular production of t-PA was not detected. SMC from atherosclerotic
      intima had a much lower capacity for induction of fibrinolysis than cells from
      adjacent nonatherosclerotic intima. SMC also displayed several structurally
      detectable interactions with the fibrin substratum, such as organization of the
      gel by means of extension of numerous filamentous processes and contraction and
      wrinkling of the gel. In conclusion, human arterial SMC in vitro induce
      fibrinolysis by activation of plasminogen. This capacity is dependent on
      phenotype and lowered for SMC from atherosclerotic intima, suggesting impairment
      after arterial injury and in atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3359572
TI  - Alternans of action potential duration after abrupt shortening of cycle length:
      differences between dog Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the alternans of action
      potential duration (APD) occurring in Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers
      after an abrupt shortening of cycle length can be explained by the two factors
      controlling the cycle length-dependent APD changes (i.e., restitution and memory
      effect). Action potentials were recorded simultaneously from dog Purkinje fibers
      and ventricular muscle fibers using conventional microelectrode techniques. APD
      change during alternans was dependent on the preceding diastolic interval in the
      same manner as during restitution in Purkinje fibers but not in ventricular
      muscle fibers. The course of memory change was not affected by the presence of
      alternans in either fiber type. In Purkinje fibers, APD alternans was attenuated
      by a Ca2+ channel blocker, nisoldipine (2 X 10(-6) M), and augmented by a Ca2+
      channel agonist, Bay K 8644 (3 X 10(-8) M). These effects were attributed to the
      changes in the kinetics and the amplitude of restitution. In ventricular muscle
      fibers, APD alternans was always preceded and accompanied by alternans of action
      potential shape. Alternans of both action potential shape and APD was suppressed
      by nisoldipine (2 X 10(-6) M) and attenuated by Bay K 8644 (3 X 10(-8) M). These
      results show that in Purkinje fibers, APD during alternans can be explained by
      restitution and memory effect. However, in ventricular muscle fibers, the
      mechanism of APD alternans is linked to factors controlling action potential
      shape. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that APD alternans in
      Purkinje fibers depends on the differences in the recovery of membrane currents
      generated by the preceding action potential and in ventricular muscle fibers on
      the differences in the concentration and/or handling of intracellular calcium.

PMID- 3359573
TI  - Improved distribution of regional oxygenation in denervated ischemic dog
      myocardium.
AB  - The role of the adrenergic nervous system in the response to coronary artery
      occlusion has been examined using surgical and chemical denervation techniques.
      Experiments were conducted on four groups of dogs (n = 18): 1) untreated
      controls; 2) intrapericardial denervation immediately prior to coronary ligation;
      3) surgical denervation 2 weeks prior to the experiment; and 4) chemical
      sympathectomy 5 days prior to the experiment with 6-hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg).
      Small artery and vein O2 saturations were obtained microspectrophotometrically
      and combined with radioactive microsphere blood flow determinations to calculate
      regional myocardial O2 consumption in open chest dogs. Denervation significantly
      reduced the preocclusion heart rate from 165 +/- 16 beats/min in the control to
      114 +/- 13 in the chronic surgically denervated and to 137 +/- 15 in the
      chemically sympathectomized groups. After 2 hours of occlusion, the O2
      consumption and flow were similar in the nonischemic area except for lower values
      in the surgically denervated group. Total coronary blood flow and O2 consumption
      in the occluded regions were not significantly affected by chronic denervation.
      However, significant elimination of areas with low venous O2 saturation (less
      than 20%) were found in the ischemic myocardium of the chronically denervated
      groups as compared with the control or with the acutely denervated dogs. The mean
      venous O2 saturation was found to be significantly higher in all regions of these
      two groups as compared with the control. The O2 extraction was also lowered.
      Thus, chronic denervation reduced microregional heterogeneity of oxygenation in
      the ischemic myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359574
TI  - Neurogenic histaminergic vasodilation in canine skeletal muscle: mediation by
      alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation.
AB  - This study examines the neurogenic effect of alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation on
      skeletal muscle vascular resistance and its relation to the level of background
      sympathetic activity. The isolated, separately perfused, neurally intact canine
      gracilis muscle preparation was used since it permits deliberate and quantifiable
      alterations in background sympathetic activity, as measured by skeletal muscle
      vascular resistance. Systemic intravenous UK-14304, a highly selective alpha 2
      adrenoceptor agonist, produced a precipitous, neurogenic vasodilation that
      lowered vascular resistance below the subsequently denervated resistance, thus
      indicating that an active vasodilation was involved. The overall magnitude of the
      vasodilation was much greater in animals that had been hemorrhaged to elevate
      background sympathetic activity than in animals that had been transfused to lower
      background activity. The neurogenic vasodilation was unaffected by baroreceptor
      and cardiopulmonary receptor denervation and by prior cholinergic-receptor
      blockade of the gracilis muscle. Prior H1- and H2-histaminergic-receptor
      blockade, on the other hand, eliminated the active vasodilation but not a
      vasodilation down to the subsequently denervated resistance. Prior alpha 1
      adrenoceptor blockade lowered resistance down to the subsequently denervated
      resistance and greatly attenuated the active vasodilation. The present study
      demonstrates that withdrawal of sympathetic activity by alpha 2-adrenoceptor
      stimulation produces an active vasodilation resulting from histamine release in
      skeletal muscle as well as a passive vasodilation resulting from lysis of
      peripheral vasoconstrictor tone.

PMID- 3359575
TI  - Parasympathetic coronary vasoconstriction induced by nicotine in conscious
      calves.
AB  - We studied the effects of intracoronary injection of nicotine and acetylcholine
      on coronary blood flow in nine conscious calves chronically instrumented to
      measure coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) and mean arterial pressure, LV
      dP/dt, and heart rate. Nicotine (5 micrograms/kg i.c.) elicited a biphasic
      response in coronary blood flow consisting of an initial vasoconstriction (phase
      1; blood flow fell by 52 +/- 5.4% from a baseline of 66 +/- 7.5 ml/min) followed
      by vasodilation (phase 2, blood flow rose 119 +/- 12.7% above baseline). The
      change in coronary blood flow with nicotine was not associated with changes in LV
      systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. The change in coronary
      blood flow was unaffected by combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with
      prazosin, rauwolscine, and propranolol but was abolished by either muscarinic
      blockade with atropine or ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. Acetylcholine
      (0.5 microgram/kg i.c.), without affecting mean arterial pressure, elicited
      changes in coronary blood flow similar to those observed with nicotine, producing
      an initial phase of coronary vasoconstriction (blood flow fell by 71 +/- 4.9%)
      followed by vasodilation (blood flow rose by 228 +/- 20.7%). Both phases of the
      response to acetylcholine were abolished by muscarinic blockade but were
      unaffected by ganglionic blockade. When nicotine was injected into the left
      circumflex coronary artery, no change in blood flow was observed in the left
      anterior descending coronary artery, indicating the lack of involvement of global
      reflex pathways. These results suggest that nicotine locally stimulates
      parasympathetic nerves, which constrict the coronary circulation via a muscarinic
      mechanism.

PMID- 3359576
TI  - Identification and characterization of guinea pig angiotensin II ventricular and
      atrial receptors: coupling to inositol phosphate production.
AB  - Angiotensin II elicits a receptor-mediated positive inotropic response in cardiac
      tissue from most mammalian species by activating voltage-sensitive slow Ca2+
      channels. In the guinea pig, we confirm there is no in vitro contractile force
      development in bioassay systems using isolated hearts or left atrial tissue in
      response to angiotensin peptides. However, 125I-angiotensin II binding sites that
      have the characteristics of a membrane receptor were identified in ventricular
      (myocardial) and atrial membrane preparations from guinea pigs. In ventricles,
      saturation-binding data yielded an optimal fit to a two-site model with a high
      affinity site Kd1 = 3.6 +/- 0.7 nM and a low-affinity site Kd2 = 433 +/- 126 nM
      and binding capacities of 66 +/- 10 and 821 +/- 49 fmol/mg protein, respectively.
      In atria, saturation binding data yielded an optimal fit to a two-site model with
      a high-affinity site Kd1 = 1.6 nM and a low-affinity site Kd2 = 300 nM and
      capacities of 145 and 752 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The ventricular binding
      of 125I-angiotensin II was stimulated approximately twofold in the presence of
      the divalent cations calcium and magnesium (10 mM). Nonhydrolyzable analogues of
      guanosine triphosphate increased the dissociation rate of the bound 125I
      angiotensin II and decreased hormone binding to the receptor at equilibrium.
      Competition for 125I-angiotensin II binding by an agonist-antagonist analogue
      series correlated with previous studies obtained in the rabbit, a mammal in which
      inotropic responses to angiotensin II were demonstrated. The data indicate the
      presence of angiotensin II myocardial and atrial receptors and a G-type coupling
      protein in guinea pig. Although this species lacks an inotropic response to
      angiotensin peptides, there is a dose-dependent increase in inositol-1-phosphate
      production in response to angiotensin II, and this response is blocked by the
      selective angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359578
TI  - Microvascular changes in the heart during chronic arterial hypertension.
AB  - Changes of myocardial microvascular permeability in chronic renovascular arterial
      hypertension were studied. Hypertension was induced in dogs utilizing a one
      kidney, one-clip Goldblatt model. Systemic arterial pressure, coronary sinus
      pressure, systemic venous pressure, myocardial lymph flow rate, myocardial
      interstitial fluid pressure, and the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio
      for total plasma proteins and for beta-lipoprotein (CL/CP) were determined in
      control animals and 4-6 weeks following the Goldblatt procedure in hypertensive
      animals. Control values for the normotensive animals were 123 +/- 17 mm Hg, 7.3
      +/- 1.3 mm Hg, 2.5 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, 3.1 +/- 2.1 ml/hr, 14.9 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, 0.82,
      and 0.33, respectively, while control values for the chronically hypertensive
      dogs were 160 +/- 20 mm Hg, 7.8 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, 2.9 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, 10.5 +/- 2.5
      ml/hr, 24.8 +/- 3.7 mm Hg, 0.87, and 0.31, respectively. Under control
      conditions, myocardial lymph flow rate was significantly higher in the
      hypertensive group while no difference could be demonstrated in CL/CP between the
      two groups. This is indicative of either a change in myocardial microvascular
      permeability or an increase in microvascular exchange surface area. Coronary
      sinus pressure was elevated in both groups in order to increase
      transmicrovascular fluid flux and determine the filtration-independent reflection
      coefficient (sigma) for each group. Sigma is a surface area-independent indicator
      of microvascular permeability when determined for specific protein molecules at
      high transmicrovascular fluid fluxes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359577
TI  - Hearts from diabetic rats are more resistant to in vitro ischemia: possible role
      of altered Ca2+ metabolism.
AB  - The effects of whole heart ischemia were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts
      from control and diabetic animals. When whole heart ischemia was maintained for
      30 minutes at 37 degrees C, diabetic hearts recovered 100% whereas hearts from
      normal animals recovered 30% of their preischemic function. Reperfusion Ca2+
      uptake was about 2.5 microM/g dry wt in diabetic hearts compared with 10 microM/g
      dry wt in control hearts. When the ischemic period was extended to 40, 50, and 60
      minutes, diabetic hearts had depressed recovery of ventricular function, and
      greater Ca2+ overload but reperfusion function was still significantly higher and
      Ca2+ overload significantly less than in control hearts. Depressed function and
      increased Ca2+ uptake were both linearly related to low tissue levels of residual
      high energy phosphates and inversely related to the amount of lactate that
      accumulated in the tissue during ischemia. However, regression lines relating
      these metabolic changes to depressed function and increased Ca2+ uptake showed
      that for any level of residual high energy phosphate or ischemic lactate,
      diabetic hearts performed much better and had less Ca2+ uptake than control
      hearts. These effects of diabetes were due to the diabetogenic action of the
      drugs used since both streptozotocin and alloxan had the same effect and in vivo
      insulin treatment reversed the effect. Diabetic hearts had a reduced maximum
      inotropic effect to increased extracellular Ca2+ under control aerobic perfusion
      conditions. The improved recovery of ventricular function during reperfusion of
      ischemic hearts from diabetic animals was highly correlated with reduced Ca2+
      uptake, and regression lines relating depressed ventricular function to Ca2+
      overload showed that data from control and diabetic hearts fell on the same line;
      that is, when depressed function occurred it was related to increased Ca2+ uptake
      to the same extent in both control and diabetic hearts. The resistance to
      ischemia in diabetic hearts was not related to higher tissue levels of high
      energy phosphates during reperfusion nor to lactate accumulation during ischemia.
      The observations suggest a role of increased reperfusion Ca2+ influx in ischemic
      damage and that alterations of sarcolemmal Ca2+ transport systems in diabetic
      myocardium may account for the greater resistance of these hearts to ischemia.

PMID- 3359579
TI  - Protective effects of long-term bradycardial pacing against catecholamine-induced
      myocardial damage in rabbit hearts.
AB  - A high intravenous dose of norepinephrine (4 micrograms/kg/min for 60 minutes) to
      New Zealand Red rabbits produced patchy subendocardial damage (estimated
      stereologically in frozen sections) of about 5% of the heart volume 2 days after
      application. The damaged areas showed loss of staining for alkaline phosphatase,
      an enzyme present in normal capillary endothelium. Heart performance (cardiac
      output index, cardiac work [i.e., cardiac output X mean blood pressure], and
      dP/dtmax) were significantly lower than in control hearts. Capillary density
      distribution estimated in nondamaged areas of the left ventricular free wall was
      inhomogeneous favoring subepicardial regions, while homogeneous transmural
      distribution was found in control hearts. Bradycardial pacing (reduction of heart
      rate to 50% of normal) performed for 3-4 weeks prior to norepinephrine
      administration showed a protective effect against catecholamine damage manifested
      in a smaller extent of necrosis, in the maintenance of homogeneous transmural
      capillary distribution in nondamaged areas, and, most importantly, in the
      maintenance of normal cardiac pump performance at rest and during maximal work in
      response to acutely administered norepinephrine.

PMID- 3359580
TI  - Effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit
      hearts.
AB  - Hearts from rabbits with 8-16 weeks of alloxan-diabetes were compared with hearts
      from normal rabbits to determine whether diabetic myocardium is more sensitive to
      ischemic injury. In isolated buffer-perfused hearts, left ventricular developed
      pressure, diastolic pressure, time to peak pressure (TTPP), time to half-maximal
      relaxation (RT1/2), and positive and negative dP/dt were measured during
      generation of left ventricular filling curves before and after 90 minutes of low
      flow ischemia. Hearts from diabetic rabbits (blood glucose, 384 +/- 28 mg/dl,
      mean +/- 95% confidence limits) had left ventricular developed and diastolic
      pressures similar to normal hearts but exhibited significant increases in TTPP
      and RT1/2 with decreased positive and negative dP/dt. Left ventricular chamber
      volume relative to heart mass was greater in diabetic than in normal hearts.
      Recovery of developed pressure after ischemia was similar in normal (41 +/- 16%)
      and diabetic hearts (47 +/- 13%). In diabetic hearts during recovery from
      ischemia, TTPP and R1/2 remained increased compared with normal hearts, with
      positive and negative dP/dt decreased compared with normal hearts, in proportion
      to the preischemic differences. After ischemia, high-energy phosphates were
      depleted to the same extent in normal and diabetic rabbits. In coronary ligation
      experiments, histochemically determined infarct size in diabetic rabbits after 30
      minutes occlusion and 24 hours reperfusion was similar to that in normal rabbits
      when adjusted for a significantly smaller heart weight and a correspondingly
      smaller anatomic risk region in the diabetic animals. Thus, despite
      characteristic abnormalities of mechanical function in diabetic hearts, the
      severity of injury after ischemia with reperfusion was normal for diabetic
      hearts.

PMID- 3359581
TI  - Pertussis toxin-treated dog: a whole animal model of impaired inhibitory
      regulation of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - We have shown previously that stimulation of high-affinity GTP hydrolysis and
      inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by muscarinic agonists are mediated by
      pertussis toxin (IAP) substrates (Gi and Go) in canine cardiac sarcolemma. We
      have now used the pertussis toxin-treated dog as a whole animal model in which Gi
      and Go-mediated biochemical mechanisms can be studied. Mongrel dogs were
      injected intravenously with IAP 48 hours prior to death and isolation of left
      ventricular sarcolemma. Treatment of the animal in vivo with the toxin prevented
      subsequent in vitro IAP-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation of substrates in cardiac,
      erythrocytic, and renal cortical plasma membranes, suggesting that ADP
      ribosylation occurred in vivo from endogenous substrate. Consistent with our
      previous results obtained by treating sarcolemma in vitro with IAP, muscarinic
      receptor-mediated stimulation of high-affinity GTP hydrolysis and inhibition of
      GTP-activated adenylate cyclase activity were attenuated in sarcolemma purified
      from the toxin-treated animals. Proximal to adenylate cyclase, guanine nucleotide
      regulation of muscarinic receptor affinity for agonists was also abolished in
      membranes from the toxin-treated animals. In addition, the ability of
      oxotremorine to attenuate GTP regulation of stimulation of adenylate cyclase
      activity by magnesium ions was abolished in sarcolemma from the IAP-treated dogs.
      Thus, cardiac sarcolemma isolated from the IAP-treated animals displayed
      biochemical characteristics of an adenylate cyclase system in which inhibitory
      regulatory pathways had been attenuated. The cardiac biochemical studies and the
      in vivo ADP-ribosylation of noncardiac IAP substrates also suggests considerable
      potential use of this model in the physiological and biochemical study of
      regulatory mechanisms mediated by GTP-binding proteins in other systems.

PMID- 3359582
TI  - A fourth criterion for transient entrainment: the electrogram equivalent of
      progressive fusion.
AB  - Prior data pertaining to transient entrainment and associated phenomena have been
      best explained by pacing capture of a reentrant circuit. On this basis, we
      hypothesized that rapid pacing from a single site of two different constant
      pacing rates could constantly capture an appropriately selected bipolar
      electrogram recording site from one direction with a constant stimulus-to
      electrogram interval during pacing at one rate, yet be constantly captured from
      another direction with a different constant stimulus-to-electrogram interval when
      pacing at a different constant pacing rate. To test this hypothesis, we studied a
      group of patients, each with a representative tachycardia (ventricular
      tachycardia, circus-movement tachycardia involving an atrioventricular bypass
      pathway, atrial tachycardia, and atrial flutter). For each tachycardia, pacing
      was performed from a single site for at least two different constant rates faster
      than the spontaneous rate of the tachycardia. We observed in these patients that
      a local bipolar recording site was constantly captured from different directions
      at two different pacing rates without interrupting the tachycardia at pacing
      termination. The evidence that the same site was captured from a different
      direction at two different pacing rates was supported by demonstrating a change
      in conduction time to that site associated with a change in the bipolar
      electrogram morphology at that site when comparing pacing at each rate. The mean
      conduction time (stimulus-to-recording site electrogram interval) was 319 +/- 69
      msec while pacing at a mean cycle length of 265 +/- 50 msec, yet only 81 +/- 38
      msec while pacing at a second mean cycle length of 233 +/- 51 msec, a mean change
      in conduction time of 238 +/- 56 msec. Remarkably, the faster pacing rate
      resulted in a shorter conduction time. The fact that the same electrode recording
      site was activated from different directions without interruption of the
      spontaneous tachycardia at pacing termination is difficult to explain on any
      mechanistic basis other than reentry. Also, these changes in conduction time and
      electrogram morphology occurred in parallel with the demonstration of progressive
      fusion beats on the electrocardiogram, the latter being an established criterion
      for transient entrainment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3359583
TI  - Improvement in exercise capacity and exercise hemodynamics 3 months after double
      balloon, catheter balloon valvuloplasty treatment of patients with symptomatic
      mitral stenosis.
AB  - Clinical status, exercise treadmill performance, and hemodynamics were determined
      in 24 patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis before catheter balloon
      valvuloplasty (CBV) and at 3 months follow-up. Hemodynamic determinations at rest
      showed that mitral CBV performed by the double-balloon technique resulted in
      significant immediate decreases in mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (28 +/-
      7 to 16 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than .01), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (41 +/-
      11 to 33 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than .05), and mitral valve gradient (16 +/- 7 to 6
      +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than .01), and significant increases in cardiac output (4.3
      +/- 1.1 to 5.0 +/- 1.4 liters/min, p less than .01). Mitral valve area increased
      from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.2 +/- 0.7 cm2 (p less than .01). The mitral valve area was
      unchanged (2.0 +/- 0.7 cm2, p = NS) at 3 months. The lower pulmonary arterial
      wedge pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and mitral valve gradient persisted
      at 3 month follow-up catheterization. Clinical examinations showed that before
      CBV, 21 of 24 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or
      IV; 3 months after CBV, 22 patients were in class I or II. Before CBV, the mean
      exercise treadmill time was 5.9 +/- 3.2 min and it had increased to 9.8 +/- 2.9
      min (p less than .01) by the 3 month follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359584
TI  - Effects of lidocaine and procainamide on normal and abnormal intraventricular
      electrograms during sinus rhythm.
AB  - The effect of lidocaine (n = 6) and procainamide (n = 12) on electrogram
      characteristics from electrically normal right ventricular and electrically
      abnormal left ventricular endocardial sites was determined in 18 patients with
      prior myocardial infarction. Bipolar electrograms were recorded during sinus
      rhythm with No. 6F catheters positioned at a left ventricular abnormal site
      (electrograms fulfilling two of the following criteria: amplitude less than 3 mV,
      duration greater than 70 msec, or an amplitude to duration ratio less than .046)
      and normal sites at the right ventricular apex (RVA) and right ventricular
      outflow tract (RVOT). All electrograms were recorded from the same location
      before and after intravenous lidocaine or procainamide administered to obtain
      mean serum concentrations of 4.2 +/- 0.6 and 9.42 +/- 2 micrograms/ml
      respectively. Lidocaine and procainamide had no significant effect on sinus cycle
      length or electrogram amplitude. After lidocaine, no significant change in QRS
      width (112 +/- 23 vs 114 +/- 24 msec), left ventricular electrogram duration (76
      +/- 21 vs 78 +/- 15 msec), or right ventricular electrogram duration (RVA 33 +/-
      9 vs 33 +/- 10 msec, RVOT 31 +/- 9 vs 33 +/- 11 msec) was noted during sinus
      rhythm. At a paced cycle length of 600 msec, there was also no change in the
      paced QRS duration (197 vs 198 msec), the RVA electrogram duration (30 vs 32
      msec), the RVOT electrogram duration (49 vs 52 msec), or the left ventricular
      electrogram duration (102 vs 108 msec).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359585
TI  - Energy, current, and success in defibrillation and cardioversion: clinical
      studies using an automated impedance-based method of energy adjustment.
AB  - The purposes of this study were two. First, we wanted to evaluate in patients a
      technique for automated adjustment of selected energy for defibrillation or
      cardioversion based on transthoracic impedance. Second, we wanted to define the
      relationship of peak current and shock success in various arrhythmias. Applying a
      previously validated method of predicting transthoracic impedance in advance of
      any shock, we modified defibrillators to automatically double the operator
      selected energy if the predicted impedance exceeded 70 omega. Success rates of
      shocks given for ventricular and atrial arrhythmias from these modified energy
      adjusting defibrillators were compared with success rates for shocks given from
      standard defibrillators. We prospectively collected data on 347 patients who
      received a total of 1009 shocks. Low-energy (100 J) shocks given to high
      impedance (greater than or equal to 70 omega) patients had a poor success rate;
      in such high-impedance patients significant improvement in shock success rate was
      achieved by the energy-adjusting defibrillators. For example, when 100 J shocks
      were selected for high-impedance patients in ventricular fibrillation the energy
      adjusting defibrillators achieved a shock success rate of 75%, whereas standard
      defibrillators achieved a shock success rate of only 36% (p less than .01).
      Similar improvements were seen for ventricular tachycardia and atrial
      fibrillation. Thus, automated energy adjustment based on transthoracic impedance
      is a beneficial approach to defibrillation and cardioversion. For ventricular
      fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and atrial flutter there was a clear
      relationship between peak current and shock success.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3359586
TI  - Cardiopulmonary adaptation at rest and during exercise 10 years after Mustard
      atrial repair for transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Discordance exists between apparently reduced systemic right ventricular function
      and the reported asymptomatic state of many patients after atrial repair for
      transposition of the great arteries. To evaluate this clinical observation,
      cardiopulmonary response to exercise in 17 asymptomatic patients with no
      significant postoperative hemodynamic abnormalities was assessed by upright
      bicycle ergometry according to a modified Jomes protocol 11.5 +/- 1.5 years after
      Mustard atrial repair. Seventeen age- and sex-matched normal adolescents
      constituted the control group. Incremental exercise was performed to determine
      maximum work capacity, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and minute
      ventilation. Cardiac output was computed at rest and during steady-state exercise
      by a carbon dioxide rebreathing method at 50% of the maximum workload achieved
      during incremental exercise. Height and weight were similar in patients and
      controls (p greater than .05). Resting pulmonary function variables were normal
      in all subjects. At peak exercise, respiratory quotient was greater than 1 in
      both patients and controls (1.12 +/- 0.09 and 1.09 +/- 0.08 respectively, p
      greater than .05). Patients achieved a lower peak heart rate (172 +/- 14 vs 185
      +/- 11 beats/min, p less than .01), lower maximum work capacity (2.3 +/- 0.6 vs
      3.3 +/- 0.7 W/kg, p less than .01). The ratio of minute ventilation at peak
      exercise to maximum resting voluntary ventilation was normal (less than or equal
      to 80%) in both groups. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen was similar at
      rest, but significantly higher in patients than in control subjects at peak
      exercise (42 +/- 7 vs 36 +/- 5, p less than .006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3359587
TI  - Late results in patients with tetralogy of Fallot repaired during infancy.
AB  - Between 1973 and 1985, 220 infants (age 1 day to 18 months, mean = 7 months)
      underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or TOF/pulmonary atresia with 17
      early deaths. Follow-up status was ascertained for 184 of 203 survivors (91%) at
      a postoperative interval of 2 to 185 months (mean = 60 months). Significant
      residual hemodynamic lesions included ventricular septal defect in three, and
      right ventricular outflow gradient in excess of 40 mm Hg in 24. Reoperation or
      interventional catheter procedures were performed in 31 of 184 (17%) patients.
      All postoperative electrocardiograms were reviewed; only two of 184 patients had
      ventricular ectopy on any tracing. Holter data from 41 patients revealed one with
      sinus node dysfunction, 12 with Lown grade 1 ectopy, and one with Lown grade 2 or
      greater. Conduction defects, evaluated by electrocardiographic and
      electrophysiologic measurements, were not different from those reported for TOF
      patients undergoing repair at later ages. No study patient received
      antiarrhythmic medication, although one required a pacemaker for sinus node
      dysfunction. There were three late deaths, all unrelated to arrhythmia. TOF
      repair in infancy appears to be associated with an acceptable hemodynamic
      outcome, and a low incidence of ventricular ectopy and sudden death at 5 year
      follow-up.

PMID- 3359588
TI  - Outpatient closure of the patent ductus arteriosus.
AB  - We have modified and applied to selected outpatients the transvenous approach to
      correction of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with the Rashkind PDA Occluder.
      Modifications included establishing the diagnosis and PDA anatomy before
      catheterization with echocardiography. The sedation/anesthetic regimen was
      altered to meet the needs with respect to transcatheter PDA closure rather than
      diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Anticoagulation was avoided. A strategy for
      management of pin entrapment in the foam was devised. Residual trans-PDA flow
      after umbrella placement was temporarily occluded with balloon-tipped catheters.
      These modifications were used in 23 consecutive patients with uncomplicated PDA.
      Closure was successful in each child. Nineteen of 23 patients were discharged on
      the day of the procedure. No serious complications were encountered.

PMID- 3359589
TI  - Efficiency of energy transfer from pressure-volume area to external mechanical
      work increases with contractile state and decreases with afterload in the left
      ventricle of the anesthetized closed-chest dog.
AB  - We studied the effects of ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees) and effective
      arterial elastance (Ea) on the efficiency of energy transfer from pressure-volume
      area (PVA) to external mechanical work (EW) in the left ventricle of anesthetized
      closed-chest dogs. PVA represents the total mechanical energy generated by
      ventricular contraction, which is an intermediate form of energy between oxygen
      consumption, the total energy input, and EW, the effective energy output. PVA and
      EW were determined from ventricular pressure and volume, which were continuously
      measured with a volumetric conductance catheter. Measurements of Ees were
      obtained by transiently increasing afterload by an inflation of a Fogarty
      catheter in the thoracic descending aorta. Ea was determined as the ratio of end
      systolic pressure to stroke volume. The EW/PVA efficiency of a steady-state
      contraction increased from 55% to 64%, with a 58% increase in Ees after
      dobutamine. Ees, which was smaller than Ea before dobutamine, became nearly equal
      to Ea after dobutamine, maximizing EW for a given end-diastolic volume. EW/PVA
      efficiency decreased with an abrupt increase in afterload before and after
      dobutamine. The sensitivity of the decrease in the EW/PVA efficiency to an
      increase in end-systolic pressure was significantly less after than before
      dobutamine. We could account for all these changes in EW/PVA efficiency by the
      relative changes in Ees and Ea in the pressure-volume diagram.

PMID- 3359590
TI  - Distribution of extracellular potassium and its relation to electrophysiologic
      changes during acute myocardial ischemia in the isolated perfused porcine heart.
AB  - An experimental approach is described to quantitate inhomogeneity in
      extracellular K concentration ([K+]out) in the presence of ischemia and to relate
      this inhomogeneity to the electrophysiologic changes. Extracellular potassium
      concentration and local direct-current electrograms from the same sites were
      measured in isolated perfused pig hearts with the use of multiple electrodes.
      Dispersion of [K+]out is described under three conditions: (1) during regional
      ischemia in the "central zone" and the "borderzone", (2) during global ischemia,
      and (3) during perfusion of the heart with a high-K perfusate. Inhomogeneity was
      greatest during regional ischemia, especially in the borderzone, where generally
      lower concentrations were measured. When during regional ischemia the normal zone
      was perfused with a high-K perfusate, dispersion in the ischemic borderzone
      diminished, and higher concentrations than in the central zone were measured.
      During global ischemia inhomogeneity was slightly larger than during high-K
      perfusion. Dispersion during the latter was considered due to experimental error.
      A decrease in [K+]out during regional ischemia after the initial increase was
      closely correlated with electrical recovery of the electrograms. This decrease
      occurred earlier in the borderzone than in the central zone. During ischemia
      [K+]out was not related to the occurrence of monophasic electrograms, which are
      indicative of the absence of local regenerative responses. For every single
      electrode position a linear relationship between TQ depression and [K+]out was
      found, the slope of which varied with the position of the electrode. When all
      sites were taken together, there was no correlation between TQ depression and
      [K+]out. We conclude that: (1) inhomogeneity of K+ is largest in the borderzone,
      (2) potassium flows from the ischemic zone into the normal zone, (3) transient
      electrical recovery is related to a decrease (after an initial increase) in
      [K+]out, which is at least partly due to a flow of K+ toward the normal zone, (4)
      monophasic ("block") electrograms can be recorded from intrinsically excitable
      tissue, (5) for every single site in the ischemic region there is a linear
      relationship between local [K+]out and local TQ segment depression, and (6) the
      degree of TQ depression at a particular site is not a reliable index of the
      degree of ischemic injury at that site.

PMID- 3359591
TI  - The response to overdrive pacing of triggered atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
      in the canine heart.
AB  - Although triggered activity has been identified in isolated atrial tissue with
      the use of cellular electrophysiologic techniques, there has been no
      identification of triggered atrial arrhythmias in situ. Moreover, it is unclear
      whether triggered rhythms of different causes and sites of origin in the heart
      exhibit uniform responses to pacing that might aid in their identification. We
      therefore studied arrhythmias induced by overdrive pacing in three canine
      preparations, and based the analysis of our results on guidelines derived from
      microelectrode studies. We studied ventricular tachycardias induced by ouabain or
      by anterior wall myocardial infarction and atrial (coronary sinus) arrhythmias
      induced by the infusion of epinephrine into the great cardiac vein. In the
      ouabain and postinfarction preparations, right ventricular epicardial pacing
      induced ventricular premature beats or tachycardias whose recovery intervals
      after cessation of pacing shortened and showed overdrive acceleration as pacing
      rate increased. The first postpacing beat displayed progressive fusion with the
      paced beats but transient entrainment could not be induced. In the coronary
      sinus, the recovery intervals of impulses induced by epinephrine and pacing
      decreased as the drive rate increased, and inducibility of the paced rhythms
      increased at faster drive rates. Thus, the recovery intervals of triggered
      activity induced in the coronary sinus are phenomenologically similar to those of
      infarct- and digitalis-induced triggered rhythms. This is the first demonstration
      of consistent behavior in response to pacing of diverse types of triggered
      activity. Considered in light of the failure to induce transient entrainment, the
      results emphasize the potential utility of pacing in clinical identification of
      triggered rhythms and their differentiation from reentry.

PMID- 3359592
TI  - Autonomic modulation of ventricular arrhythmia in cesium chloride-induced long QT
      syndrome.
AB  - To evaluate autonomic influence on arrhythmogenesis in an animal preparation of
      triggered activity, we gave increasing doses of cesium chloride (0.125 to 5.0
      mmol/kg iv) to 24 dogs distributed equally among four protocols of autonomic
      intervention: control, total denervation, beta-blockade, and left stellate
      stimulation. All dogs underwent atrioventricular node ablation followed by
      ventricular pacing. A left ventricular endocardial monophasic action potential
      (MAP) catheter allowed for detection of "MAP early afterdepolarizations" (mEAD).
      mEAD amplitude was measured relative to MAP amplitude. Cesium chloride (CsCl)
      increased both MAP duration (132% after 0.125 mmol/kg to 188% after 1.0 mmol/kg;
      p less than .001) and mEAD amplitude (20% after 0.125 mmol/kg to 49% after 1.0
      mmol/kg; p less than .001) in a dose-dependent fashion. All dogs exhibited
      ventricular ectopy at roughly equivalent doses (0.88 +/- 0.5 mmol/kg). Cesium's
      peak effect on MAP characteristics, sinus node automaticity, and systolic blood
      pressure coincided with the onset of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT).
      Whereas control and denervated dogs developed VT after similar doses of CsCl
      (1.21 +/- 0.1 vs 1.12 +/- 0.14 mmol/kg; p = NS), none of the six beta-blocked
      dogs developed sustained VT. Conversely, those dogs having undergone stellate
      stimulation developed VT after smaller doses (0.58 +/- 0.34 mmol/kg; p less than
      .001) and with earlier onset (12 vs 30 sec; p less than .025). After 0.5 mmol/kg
      of CsCl, left stellate stimulation augmented relative mEAD amplitude compared
      with control (51% vs 38%; p less than .001), whereas beta-blockade had little
      effect (39% vs 38%; p = NS). Autonomic intervention as such can affect the
      arrhythmogenicity of CsCl and similarly alter MAP characteristics. Furthermore,
      as beta-blockade can prevent sustained arrhythmia without eliminating mEADs,
      autonomic tone appears to modulate the expression of mEADs as sustained VT.

PMID- 3359593
TI  - Anisotropic conduction and functional dissociation of ischemic tissue during
      reentrant ventricular tachycardia in canine myocardial infarction.
AB  - We measured the conduction characteristics at the epicardial surface of the left
      anterior ventricular wall in the in situ canine heart before and 3 to 5 days (n =
      9 dogs) after permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery
      (LAD). During ventricular stimulation generating wavefronts conducted along the
      longitudinal or the transverse fiber direction, 61 unipolar electrograms were
      recorded with a fine-meshed plaque electrode. Before occlusion, the fastest
      conduction velocity was consistently found in a direction perpendicular to the
      nearby LAD segment (longitudinal direction), and the slowest velocity in a
      direction parallel to the LAD segment (transverse fiber direction). In 3- to 5
      day-old infarct preparations, a layer of subepicardial muscle with 1 to 3 mm
      thickness survived over necrotic tissue. The velocities and directions of fast
      and of slow conduction measured in ischemic subepicardial muscle were not
      significantly different from preocclusion values during stimulation at a basic
      rate, but excitability was found to be depressed in response to premature
      stimuli. Premature impulses initiated in nonischemic myocardium and conducted
      into ischemic tissue in the longitudinal or in the transverse directions induced
      sustained (greater than 100 beats) monomorphic tachycardias during which figure
      eight activation patterns were mapped with sock-array electrodes. During these
      tachycardias, the direction of the common reentrant wavefront of the figure-eight
      pattern was preferentially oriented along the longitudinal fiber direction,
      independently of the direction of the initiating impulse. When polymorphic beats
      were induced, tachycardia terminated spontaneously within 20 beats, or changed to
      a monomorphic pattern, as described above. In conclusion, the anisotropic
      organization of surviving subepicardial muscle overlying an infarct provides a
      spatial constraint that determines a preferential direction of reentrant
      propagation and may contribute to sustaining monomorphic tachycardia.

PMID- 3359594
TI  - Frequency-dependent effects of quinidine on the relationship between action
      potential duration and refractoriness in the canine heart in situ.
AB  - To determine the normal relationship in vivo between action potential duration
      (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) over a large range of steady-state
      cycle lengths (CLs) and to determine how a sodium channel-blocking agent,
      quinidine, affects this relationship, we developed a new contact electrode
      technique for simultaneous measurements of monophasic action potentials and
      refractoriness at a single site in the beating heart in situ. Recordings were
      made from left ventricular epicardium in open-chest dogs during steady-state
      pacing at CLs from 220 to 600 msec both before and after therapeutic intravenous
      administration of quinidine. During baseline both APD at 90% repolarization
      (APD90) and ERP were linearly correlated to CL with nearly identical slopes: y =
      0.24x CL + 83.0 (r = 1.0; p less than .0001) for APD90 and y = 0.22x CL + 82.3 (r
      = 1.0; p less than .0001) for ERP. Expressed in percent repolarization, ERP
      coincided with a repolarization level of 79% to 83%, with no appreciable
      influence of CL on this relationship. Quinidine increased APD90 by a small but
      significant amount (8 to 12 msec), which was independent of CL. In contrast, the
      effect on ERP of quinidine exhibited marked frequency dependence (p less than
      .0002), producing progressively greater ERP increase at shorter CLs, as compared
      with both baseline ERP and concomitant APD90. The duration by which ERP exceeded
      APD90 reached 44 +/- 14 msec at a CL of 220 msec.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3359595
TI  - Correlation between echocardiographic endocardial surface mapping of abnormal
      wall motion and pathologic infarct size in autopsied hearts.
AB  - We previously developed a cross-sectional echocardiographic technique for
      quantitatively mapping the endocardial surface of the left ventricle and on which
      regions of abnormal wall motion can be superimposed in their correct spatial
      distribution. This endocardial mapping technique (EMT) provides a measure of the
      left ventricular endocardial surface area (ESA in cm2), the area of abnormal wall
      motion (AWM in cm2), and the overall percent dysfunction (%AWM) as a measure of
      the functional "infarct size." To test this approach, we compared the EMT
      measurements with the actual endocardial surface area (in cm2) and pathologic
      infarct size (both percent infarct by volume and percent endocardial surface
      overlying infarct) measured at later autopsy in 20 adults (14 men, six women)
      ranging in age from 47 to 76 years (mean 64 +/- 9.6 years). The median interval
      from echocardiographic study to death was 19 days (range 1 to 269 days). Patients
      were divided into two groups based on the age of their infarcts at the time of
      death: (1) recent (infarct age less than 14 days; mean age 5.3 +/- 4.6 days) and
      (2) old (infarct age greater than 6 months; mean age 3.6 +/- 3 years). When the
      left ventricular endocardial surface area at autopsy was compared with the EMT
      derived ESA, a close correlation was found (EMT area = 1.17 X autopsy area +
      20.4; r = .94, p = .0001), with the systematic difference in the measurements
      accounted for by systolic arrest, loss of distending pressure, and specimen
      shrinkage. The echocardiographic measure of infarct size (%AWM) correlated well
      with the autopsy percent infarction by volume (%AWM = 1.1 X infarct volume + 5.5;
      r = .82, p = .0001). Similarly, a good correlation was found for the percent
      abnormal wall motion and the autopsy percent endocardial surface area overlying
      infarction (%AWM = 0.89 X infarct area - 0.9; r = .89, p = .0001). When the data
      were examined in relation to the age of the myocardial infarct, the
      echocardiographic %AWM appeared to overestimate the autopsy infarct size (by
      percent infarct volume) in the recent infarct group (n = 6), and underestimate
      the extent in the old infarct group (n = 13). The findings suggest that the EMT
      will provide a useful quantitative measure of left ventricular endocardial
      surface area and the extent of ischemic/infarct-related dysfunction.

PMID- 3359596
TI  - Apparent finger systolic pressures during cooling in patients with Raynaud's
      syndrome.
AB  - Despite considerable research, the mechanisms responsible for the vasospasm
      associated with Raynaud's syndrome are not well understood and there is no
      reliable diagnostic test. In the present studies, measurements of systolic
      pressure in locally cooled fingers were used to address these issues. We found
      that local cooling produced a marked decrease or loss of the apparent finger
      systolic pressure in patients with Raynaud's syndrome in whom a standardized
      vasoconstriction had been induced by body cooling. Abnormal responses were
      encountered in 109 of 125 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome, in 21 of 37
      patients with primary Raynaud's disease or the syndrome of uncertain cause, and
      in two of 63 subjects without symptoms of Raynaud's. These data suggest a high
      accuracy of the test in patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome and lower
      accuracy in those with disease of primary or uncertain cause. We studied
      responses of systolic pressures to alterations in body and local temperatures in
      fingers with and without low pressures secondary to proximal arterial
      obstruction. Our data show that although local cooling has a small independent
      effect that increases vascular tone: (1) sympathetic vasoconstriction induced by
      body cooling is necessary to produce vasospasm and often produces it without
      local cooling, (2) high local temperature (30 degrees C) protects from vasospasm,
      and (3) low finger blood pressure predisposes to it. Delayed opening of the
      vessels observed after sudden deflation of blood pressure cuffs suggests that
      abnormal responses of finger systolic pressure to cold represent combined effects
      of high vascular tone, delayed opening, and local blood pressure.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359597
TI  - Measurement of ferritin in serum by an indirect competitive enzyme-linked
      immunosorbant assay.
AB  - This indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for ferritin,
      unlike other currently available ELISAS, does not require use of an anti-ferritin
      antibody-enzyme conjugate. Designed for use on microtiter plates, the method has
      a precision and sensitivity similar to those of other immunoassays. The detection
      limit is 20 pg of ferritin per test (corresponding to 2.0 micrograms/L in serum
      samples). Comparison of results obtained on serum from 57 patients by this method
      with those from a conventional radioimmunoassay gave a correlation coefficient of
      0.92.

PMID- 3359598
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid IgG and IgM indexes as indicators of active neurosyphilis.
AB  - Serological and non-serological tests were performed in matched samples of
      cerebrospinal fluid and serum from 236 syphilitic patients. An increased IgG or
      IgM index, or both, was found about 70 times more often in symptomatic
      neurosyphilis than in latent syphilis without involvement of the central nervous
      system. An increased Ig index, together with a cell count greater than 5/microL,
      was only found in symptomatic neurosyphilis. Although the numbers of data are
      small, we conclude that the IgG and IgM indexes are valuable tests in the
      diagnosis of syphilitic involvement of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3359599
TI  - Plasma and urinary taurine in epilepsy.
AB  - A previous study showed that significantly less taurine is excreted in the urine
      by epileptics than by control subjects. The difference is ascribed to genetic
      variation in taurine transport governed by a pair of codominant polymorphic
      alleles. The present study of plasma taurine concentrations and urinary taurine
      output confirms previous findings among epileptics and provides evidence that
      some anticonvulsant medications may affect taurine transport. The posited
      codominant alleles represent the first single-locus component in the polygenic
      complexes creating susceptibility to seizures and epitomizes the small additive
      effects classically attributed to such genes.

PMID- 3359600
TI  - Midazolam in plasma from hospitalized patients as measured by gas-liquid
      chromatography with electron-capture detection.
AB  - The present assay was developed for quantifying midazolam in plasma of patients
      hospitalized in intensive-care units or undergoing anesthesia and receiving many
      other drugs as well. Plasma samples are alkalinized with NaOH and midazolam is
      extracted into n-hexane. The organic phase is evaporated and reconstituted in n
      butyl acetate, and the midazolam is quantified by gas-liquid chromatography with
      electron-capture detection. The calibration graph for midazolam was linear in the
      ranges 5-200 and 200-800 micrograms/L. The CVs for precision and reproducibility
      of the assay were less than 8%. The method was very specific for midazolam; most
      of the drugs commonly used in anesthesia and in the intensive-care unit did not
      interfere with the assay. The lowest detectable concentration was 1 microgram/L.
      The method is adaptable for use with an automated chromatographic system.

PMID- 3359601
TI  - Total, tartrate-resistant, and tartrate-inhibited acid phosphatases in serum:
      biological variations and reference limits.
AB  - We studied several factors affecting biological variation in serum acid
      phosphatases in a population of 1195 apparently healthy subjects four years old
      or older. We assayed total acid phosphatase activities in the presence of a
      transphosphorylating agent and using alpha-naphthyl phosphate as substrate. The
      main factors modifying total and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases activities
      in serum are similar to those observed for total and bone alkaline phosphatases
      activities: age, sex, and hormonal state (puberty or menopause). The tartrate
      inhibited acid phosphatase activity is, however, independent of biological
      variations. Finally, we propose reference limits for total, tartrate-resistant,
      and tartrate-inhibited acid phosphatases in serum.

PMID- 3359602
TI  - Ten highly sensitive thyrotropin assays compared by receiver-operating
      characteristic curves analysis: results of a prospective multicenter study.
AB  - We report a prospective multicenter study, undertaken to compare the efficacy of
      10 highly sensitive thyrotropin assay kits for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.
      Performances of the kits were compared with a reference diagnosis based on
      clinical examination, pertinent biological tests, and determination by an
      independent laboratory of the concentrations in serum of free triiodothyronine
      and free thyroxin. No thyrotropin determination was used in establishing this
      reference diagnosis. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were obtained for
      results from 600 patients (217 hyperthyroid and 383 euthyroid) by each kit. Even
      though analyses were performed out of the working range of most kits, the
      clinical correlation was nevertheless excellent. The best results corresponded to
      a sensitivity of 97.5% associated with a specificity of 96.1% and were
      significantly better than those obtained with all other kits. Results of this
      comparison depended greatly on the heterogeneity of the "normal"/"abnormal"
      categories. When only diffuse hyperthyroidism was considered, sensitivity and
      specificity were improved for all kits, and there was no significant difference
      among the five best kits.

PMID- 3359603
TI  - Intra-individual variation of thyroxin, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropin in
      treated hypothyroid patients: implications for monitoring replacement therapy.
AB  - We measured total thyroxin (TT4), free thyroxin (FT4), total triiodothyronine
      (TT3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyrotropin (TSH) in serum sampled before
      and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after administration of prescribed doses of thyroxin to
      12 patients with proven primary hypothyroidism. At 2, 4, and 6 h post-dose, the
      mean values for TT4 and FT4 and also that at 8 h for FT4 significantly (P less
      than 0.05) exceeded the corresponding pre-dose values. No significant changes
      were found for TT3, FT3, or TSH. The mean intra-individual CVs over the study
      period were TT4 4.9%, FT4 5.7%, TT3 8.7%, FT3 8.7%, and TSH 20.2%. Individual
      subjects showed small but predictable changes in TT4 and FT4. Changes in TT3 and
      FT3 were greater but random. Fluctuations in TSH were greatest, but in all
      subjects with detectable concentrations the variations were of similar magnitude.
      We conclude that strict adherence to timing of specimen collection in relation to
      dosage is probably unnecessary.

PMID- 3359604
TI  - Genetic analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus: 1. Detection of disease
      associated variant proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Various genetic studies indicate that development of systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE) is regulated by the mode of multifactorial inheritance, i.e., by the
      overall effect of polygenes and environmental factors. To elucidate some variant
      genes involved in the polygenic system responsible for onset of SLE, we resolved
      and measured the protein components of lymphocytes and sera from inactive-SLE
      patients, their relatives, and normal controls, using two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis. Intercomparison of polypeptide patterns between patients and
      controls revealed three major variations, two detected in lymphocytes and one in
      sera. These variations were present in 66-82% of the patients, in 20-36% of the
      control group, and in 41-64% of the relatives. In addition, nearly half of SLE
      patients, but only one of 19 normal controls, possessed all three SLE-associated
      traits, suggesting that these variant proteins may reflect in part the genetic
      factors contributing to development of SLE.

PMID- 3359605
TI  - Direct determination of selenium in serum by graphite-furnace atomic absorption
      spectrometry with deuterium background correction and a reduced palladium
      modifier: age-specific reference ranges.
AB  - We describe the development of a direct method for determination of selenium in
      serum by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry with deuterium
      background correction. We include palladium modifier to stabilize selenium in the
      presence of a strong reducing agent. Spectral interferences from iron are not
      evident in this system. Because an analysis requires only 20 microL of serum or
      plasma, the method is applicable to neonatal populations. At a selenium
      concentration of 0.75 mumol/L (approximately the mean found in our pre-term
      infants), the within-run CV is 5.3%. For a concentration of 1.83 mumol/L, which
      approximates our normal adult mean, within-run and between-run CVs are 2.7% and
      3.4%. Accuracy is demonstrated by analytical recoveries ranging from 96% to 102%.
      We present reference values for pre-term and term infants, and age-specific
      ranges for infants to adults.

PMID- 3359606
TI  - Rapid equilibrium radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of human
      type III procollagen.
AB  - This is an equilibrium-type radioimmunoassay for the amino-terminal propeptide of
      type III procollagen (PIIINP), which overcomes the problem of nonparallelism
      between the standard and human serum samples encountered with earlier assays.
      Proper selection of antiserum and reaction conditions diminishes interference
      from degradation products of the propeptide in serum. Because a rapid solid-phase
      bound second-antibody step is included, the assay takes only 3 h. The intra-assay
      and the interassay CVs are both about 5%. In infants and children the
      concentration of PIIINP in serum closely parallels the growth-velocity curve. For
      88 presumably healthy adults, the PIIINP concentration was 1.7-4.2 micrograms/L,
      about a third that measured with the previously available commercial assay. This
      is because of lack of inhibition by small Col 1 domain-related degradation
      products.

PMID- 3359607
TI  - A high-resolution method for amino acid analysis of physiological fluids
      containing mixed disulfides.
AB  - In this paper we report a high-resolution method and special buffers for the
      analysis for 45 common amino acids and related compounds and seven less-common
      components occasionally found in physiological fluids. Careful optimization of
      the chromatographic protocol resolves cysteine-penicillamine mixed disulfide,
      penicillamine disulfide, and dihydroxyphenylalanine from cystine and methionine;
      cysteine-homocysteine mixed disulfide is eluted between tyrosine and
      phenylalanine. Argininosuccinic acid is eluted before ethanolamine;
      glycerophosphoethanolamine is separated from taurine; glucosaminic acid is eluted
      between urea and aspartic acid. A Beckman Instruments System 6300 Amino Acid
      Analyzer was used. System performance is examined in terms of coefficient of
      variation (CV) over the concentration range of 1.0-5.0 nmol/50 microL; average CV
      for all components is better than 1.5%. Method performance is assessed through
      the analysis of normal and abnormal urine and plasma specimens.

PMID- 3359608
TI  - A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for routine simultaneous
      determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.
AB  - We describe a rapid, sensitive method for the routine simultaneous determination
      of nicotine and cotinine in 1 mL of plasma. Extraction in 10-mL screw-capped
      Teflon tubes with methylene chloride after deproteinization with trichloroacetic
      acid eliminated emulsion formation. The extract, after evaporation and
      reconstitution in 30 microL of mobile phase, is injected into a reversed-phase C
      18 ion-pair column of an isocratic high-performance liquid-chromatographic unit.
      Absorbance is monitored at 256 nm. The mobile phase is a citrate-phosphate (30
      mmol each per liter) buffer mixture containing 50 mL of acetonitrile and 1 mmol
      of sodium heptanesulfonate per liter. 2-Phenylimidazole is the internal standard.
      The detection limit is 1 microgram/L for nicotine and 3 micrograms/L for
      cotinine. The standard curve is linear from 0 to 700 micrograms/L for both
      compounds. The average CV for nicotine in the concentration range 0-100
      micrograms/L is 6.5%, and that for cotinine in the concentration range 50-700
      micrograms/L is 4%.

PMID- 3359609
TI  - Micro-scale two-dimensional electrophoresis of alkaline phosphatase from serum.
AB  - Isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) were separated by micro-scale two
      dimensional electrophoresis, with isoelectric focusing in capillary gels in the
      first dimension and polyacrylamide gradient-gel electrophoresis in the second.
      The isoenzymes detected were identified by several treatments--e.g., incubation
      with sialidase, papain, Triton X-100, and wheat-germ agglutinin--and by
      comparison with alkaline phosphatase from liver microsomes. Liver and bone
      isoforms in normal sera showed overlapping isoelectric points but differed in
      molecular mass, estimated as 172 and 185 kDa, respectively. Sera of patients with
      liver disease showed several additional groups of alkaline phosphatase isoforms,
      two of which were found to consist of multi-molecular complexes. Others probably
      correspond to incompletely glycated enzyme proteins. A further isoform with a
      mass of about 250 kDa does not seem to correspond to any known isoform of
      alkaline phosphatase in serum. With this technique, we demonstrated intra- and
      interindividual variations of the placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in
      pregnancy sera.

PMID- 3359610
TI  - Improved thin-layer chromatographic determination of phospholipids in gastric
      aspirate from newborns, for assessment of lung maturity.
AB  - This one-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic method is used for assay of
      phospholipids in the gastric aspirate of newborns. The solvent mixture
      (chloroform/hexane/methanol/glacial acetic acid/water, 12/7/4/3/0.3 by vol)
      completely resolves lecithin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol,
      phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The
      method is simple, precise, inexpensive, and rapid (chromatographic development
      takes less than 25 min) and gives high chromatographic resolution. We used this
      method to determine the lecithin/sphingomyelin densitometric ratio (L/S ratio)
      and the phosphatidylglycerol percentage in 200 samples of gastric aspirate and
      found an L/S ratio of 2.5 to be a satisfactory cutoff value for distinguishing
      fetal lung maturity and immaturity. We confirmed that the presence of
      phosphatidylglycerol excluded the possibility of respiratory distress.

PMID- 3359611
TI  - Quantification of human apolipoprotein A-IV by "sandwich"-type enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay.
AB  - A specific and sensitive "sandwich"-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) has been developed for quantifying human apo A-IV. Using apo A-IV
      immunosorbent columns, we isolated monospecific anti-apo A-IV antibodies for
      coating the ELISA plates and for preparing peroxidase-antibody conjugate. The
      assay can detect as little as 0.20 ng of apo A-IV, with mean intra- and
      interassay CVs of 3.6% and 8.2%, respectively. The apoA-IV concentrations in
      normolipemic and hyperlipemic plasma were unaffected by either delipidation or
      treatment with detergents or urea. To validate the ELISA assay we compared it
      with an immunoelectrophoretic technique. ApoA-IV concentrations in plasma from
      normo- and dyslipemic subjects compared well by the two assays (r = 0.89). The
      mean apo A-IV concentration, measured by ELISA in plasma from 50 normolipemic
      subjects, was 143 (SD 52) mg/L; values for dyslipemic subjects were not
      significantly different. We also used this new assay to monitor apo A-IV profiles
      of normolipemic and hypertriglyceridemic plasma after chromatographic
      fractionation.

PMID- 3359612
TI  - Pre-analytical variation in alanine aminotransferase.
AB  - To determine the effect of pre-analytical variation of alanine aminotransferase
      in blood specimens with normal activity concentrations of this enzyme, we stored
      serum and whole blood samples at 4 and 22 degrees C and assayed aliquots of each
      specimen at intervals up to 72 h. Analysis of variance revealed no statistically
      significant increase or decrease in activity of the enzyme for up to 72 h in
      either specimen type, whether stored at room temperature or refrigerated.

PMID- 3359613
TI  - Reliability of IL Monarch ion-selective electrode module for sodium, potassium,
      and chloride measurements.
AB  - We evaluated the IL Monarch random-access centrifugal analyzer for measurement of
      Na+, K+, and Cl- by an indirect potentiometric method. For different
      concentrations of control material, the total precision (CV) ranged between 0.82%
      and 1.14% for the three electrolytes; linearity was acceptable within a range of
      103 to 215 mmol/L for Na+, 1.6-15.25 mmol/L for K+, and 80-173 mmol/L for Cl-.
      Data correlated well with those by flame photometry for Na+ and K+ and with those
      by coulometry for Cl-, both for various biological materials--sera, urines,
      dialysis fluids--and commercial control materials from various producers.
      Stability of the potentiometric signal was acceptable: daily variations were 0.2
      mV for Na+, 0.05 mV for K+, and 0.03 mV for Cl-. Accordingly, we conclude that
      the system supplies reproducible and accurate results while being easy to use and
      requiring little maintenance. The use of indirect potentiometry offers results
      consistent with those obtained with traditional methods, and easily interpretable
      by clinical staff. However, better information about the actual ion activity in
      the tested sample for certain pathologies such as hyperlipemia and dysproteinemia
      could be obtained by methods involving direct potentiometry.

PMID- 3359614
TI  - Effect of pH on the absorption spectrum of human oxyhemoglobin: a potential
      source of error in measuring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.

PMID- 3359615
TI  - Factors influencing fluorescence spectra of free porphyrins.
AB  - We recorded fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of uro- and
      coproporphyrin under different experimental conditions, to see how these
      conditions influence quantifications based on measurement of fluorescence
      intensity. We found that, for bands alpha and beta of the emission spectra and
      the main peak of the excitation spectra, fluorescence depends on pH and is
      minimal near pH 5 and near pH 7-7.5 for copro- and uroporphyrin, respectively.
      For band gamma of the emission spectra there was a constant decrease of
      fluorescence with increasing alkalinity of the solution. The intensity of
      porphyrin fluorescence also depends on ionic strength, reaching sharp maxima at
      0.1 mol/L (for uroporphyrin) and 1 mol/L (for coproporphyrin). The organic
      mixture ethyl acetate:acetic acid (4:1 by vol), commonly used to extract
      porphyrins from biological samples, markedly diminishes the fluorescence of both
      porphyrins as compared with the same concentration of each porphyrin in aqueous
      acidic solvent. Furthermore, when we measured different ratios of uro:copro
      mixture at three distinct pHs and buffers, we found that at pH 10.5 (in carbonate
      buffer) the measured units of fluorescence depend only on total porphyrin
      concentration and not on the composition of the mixture.

PMID- 3359616
TI  - Oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluids: significance of corresponding bands in
      serum for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Controversy exists regarding the definition of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) and whether CSF bands with corresponding bands in the serum should be
      disregarded in the interpretation. Much of this controversy results from not
      distinguishing between the sensitivities of different techniques used for these
      studies. Because the combination isoelectric focusing/silver staining is more
      sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis/Coomassie Blue staining for detecting
      weak bands, one would expect to find weak oligoclonal bands in the serum more
      frequently with the former technique than the latter. Yet, most clinical
      laboratories use agarose gel electrophoresis for this assay. To investigate the
      clinical relevance of CSF oligoclonal bands as compared with corresponding bands
      for serum by electrophoresis on agarose gel, we retrospectively reviewed paired
      CSF and serum electrophoretograms of 104 patients. We determined that the
      specificity of the oligoclonal-band test for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was
      significantly enhanced by running paired CSF and serum specimens when CSF bands
      with corresponding serum bands were discounted.

PMID- 3359617
TI  - Free digitoxin in normal and albumin-deficient serum as estimated by centrifugal
      ultrafiltration.

PMID- 3359618
TI  - False-positive results in latex agglutination tests caused by rheumatoid factor.

PMID- 3359620
TI  - Ascorbate interference in the urinary screen for acetaminophen.

PMID- 3359619
TI  - Measurement of serum human lutropin (hLH): hCG-interference evaluated for two hLH
      specific IRMA kits.

PMID- 3359621
TI  - No more assumptions about whether control results have a Gaussian distribution.

PMID- 3359622
TI  - Total bilirubin determined in blood of adults with Abbott's "Vision System".

PMID- 3359623
TI  - Falsely high values for chloride in serum containing myeloma proteins, measured
      in the Paramax.

PMID- 3359624
TI  - Convenient emergency method for total and cardiospecific lactate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3359625
TI  - Ascorbic acid interferogram for cholesterol in the demand and TDx.

PMID- 3359626
TI  - Interference by immunoglobulins with the Becton-Dickinson "Simultrac"
      immunoradiometric assay for thyrotropin.

PMID- 3359627
TI  - Spurious triglyceride result with the Kodak Ektachem.

PMID- 3359628
TI  - Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) monitoring of periovulatory lutropin in serum.

PMID- 3359629
TI  - Reversible loss of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and lactate dehydrogenase
      activity in patient's serum.
AB  - An abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) electrophoretogram (only one
      band, at the application site) and a low LD activity (7 U/L) was seen for a
      patient's serum during storage at 22 and 4 degrees C. Both reverted to normal
      when the serum was incubated at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3359630
TI  - Erroneous results with routine laboratory testing for immunoglobulins due to
      interference from circulating immune complexes in a case of hyperviscosity
      syndrome associated with autoimmune disease.
AB  - A patient with the hyperviscosity syndrome exhibited very high concentrations of
      intermediate to small circulating immune complexes (CIC), involving 40-50% of the
      IgG present, with IgG rheumatoid factor activity. We demonstrate that
      precipitation of CIC by polyethylene glycol in the reaction mixture caused
      interference with nephelometric methods for measuring IgM and IgA, and that
      failure of immunoglobulins to migrate, owing to molecular interactions, caused
      interference with radial immunodiffusion methods. Semiquantitative values for
      immunoglobulins were difficult to interpret on immunoelectrophoresis. As a
      result, IgM and IgA could only be quantitatively estimated by an end-point
      nephelometric approach that included a serum blank. Immunoelectrophoresis
      indicated that a large proportion of the immunoglobulins behaved as aggregates.
      Immunofixation electrophoresis did not reveal the presence of aggregates. The
      polyethylene glycol-IgG test provided an accurate assessment of the CIC
      concentration; the Raji cell and C1q-binding assays did not. Evidently, special
      techniques may be necessary for accurate determination of immunoglobulin
      concentrations when CIC concentrations are very high.

PMID- 3359631
TI  - The role of the scientist in litigation involving drug-use testing.

PMID- 3359632
TI  - More on citric acid and calcium nephrolithiasis.

PMID- 3359633
TI  - How many different tests are sufficient for diagnosis of acute myocardial injury?

PMID- 3359634
TI  - Blood-collection tubes evaluated for use in measurement of some therapeutic
      drugs.

PMID- 3359635
TI  - Hyperuricemia in disorders of fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 3359636
TI  - More on analytical goals for theophylline assays.

PMID- 3359638
TI  - Computing immunoradiometric assays.

PMID- 3359637
TI  - Sensitive serum thyrotropin assay assessed for efficiency of screening hospital
      patients.

PMID- 3359639
TI  - Relaxin deficiency in the placenta as possible cause of cervical dystocia. A case
      report.
AB  - In a case of cervical dystocia which had to be delivered by caesarean section,
      the placenta was examined for relaxin content. The placenta was processed by
      acidic acetone extraction and separation of the raw extract on a
      carboxymethylcellulose column. The activity of relaxin was estimated by means of
      heterologous porcine radioimmunoassay. The elution profile of the placenta
      extract showed significant differences to that of the placenta in normal
      deliveries i.e. there was no evidence of typical protein peaks with relaxin
      activity. It is suggested that there is possibly a causal relationship between
      the lack of placental relaxin and the pathological behaviour of the cervix during
      delivery.

PMID- 3359641
TI  - Advantage of a particular method in cytodiagnosis by aspiration with a fine
      needle.
AB  - The indisputable utility of needle aspiration in early diagnosis induced us to
      improve a personal method of withdrawal. This is based on the use of an opposite
      mounting studied and patented by us, in order to maintain the single-use syringe
      in constant aspiration; also in some needles modified by a longitudinal split
      with a cutting edge.

PMID- 3359640
TI  - Reversal of sterilization by microsurgical technique.
AB  - Tubal sterilization techniques that spare the fimbriae and cause the least amount
      of tubal destruction offer the best chance for reversal of sterilization.
      Patients seeking reversal of sterilization should be carefully selected. Surgical
      technique and equipment are important factors in reversal procedures;
      microsurgical techniques are shown to be more effective than macroscopic
      techniques.

PMID- 3359642
TI  - Sexual behaviour in relation to age: a study of 205 puerperal women.
AB  - Sexual desire, frequency of coitus, frequency of orgasm, which partner took the
      first sexual initiative, and the level of sexual satisfaction were studied in 205
      women in puerperium in relation to age in the year preceding pregnancy and during
      pregnancy. It seems evident that sexual desire and the frequency of coitus and
      orgasm diminish during pregnancy independently of age. The group of younger women
      (16 to 20 years old) in our study maintained a relatively higher level of sexual
      activity especially in comparison to older women (36 to 40 years old). The number
      of women who took the first sexual initiative increased considerably in
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3359643
TI  - A simple local database for audit and epidemiologic studies.
AB  - The Authors, after having outlined the importance of clinical audit in order to
      improve the perinatal care provided and reduce management-dishomogeneity between
      obstetrical staff members, present a simple off-line system of computerized
      perinatal data collection that has proved to be the useful for audit applications
      and statistical epidemiological evaluations.

PMID- 3359644
TI  - Anatomopathologic aspects of ovarian endometriosis.
AB  - The Authors reviewed 284 cases of endometriosis; it interested all age ranges
      with prevalence of four and fifth decades and showed a range of 19-68 years.
      Favourite sites was ovary with 271 cases, remaining were: tubes, omentum, vagina,
      vulva and cecum. The histological appearance is similar to normal endometrium but
      these foci react to hormonal stimulation variably.

PMID- 3359645
TI  - Observations on the alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme distribution in maternal and
      amniotic fluid compartments in Nigerian parturients.
AB  - Estimation of the alkaline phosphates isoenzymes in paired maternal serum and
      amniotic fluids in term uncomplicated pregnancies and in patients with pre
      eclampsia, showed poor correlation coefficients between the levels of both heat
      stable and heat labile isoenzymes. There was a statistically significant fall in
      AF (P less than .05) HSAP in pre-eclampsia and a highly significant rise of HLAP
      in meconial liquor. It is concluded that the poor correlation between the levels
      of HSAP in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (despite their common source of
      origin), the normal levels of HLAP in maternal serum in the presence of
      significantly high levels of HSAP in maternal serum in the presence of
      significantly diminished levels in amniotic fluid point to a state of relatively
      diminished permeability of the chorioamniotic membranes to the alkaline
      phosphatase isoenzymes in Nigerians.

PMID- 3359646
TI  - Objective diagnostic information and labour-delivery management homogeneity: our
      experience.
AB  - Since intrapartum cardiotocography was adopted as an objective diagnostic tool,
      we tried to evaluate if its routine use has induced more homogeneity in
      management between our staff members. The analysis of some simple parameters
      outlines how management variability between different staff members, still
      outweighs the supposed objectivity of the information coming from intrapartum
      cardiotocography.

PMID- 3359647
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome: clinical, cytological, histological and colposcopic aspects
      in women.
AB  - Sjogren's syndrome, characterized by a progressive alteration of the exocrine
      glands which ultimately results in their atrophy, has the highest incidence among
      females. The main etiopathogenetic mechanism is autoimmunological. The
      symptomatology is made up of symptoms depending on an altered glandular secretion
      and mucosal dryness. Dyspareunia and pruritus, due to vaginal and vulvar dryness,
      are quite common symptoms. Few studies have considered the clinical and
      histological consequences of Sjogren's syndrome in the external female genitalia.
      In the present study 26 women (mean age 46 years) affected by Sjogren's syndrome
      were examined by means of a series of tests including gynecological examination
      exam, colposcopic inspection and cervical biopsy. All the patients showed a
      particular dryness a series of tests including gynecological examination failed
      to evidence malign cells and, in 15% of the subjects, showed an estrogenic
      insufficiency in various degrees. The colposcopic inspection revealed dystrophic
      processes resulting in the atrophy of the cervico-vaginal mucosa in 50% of the
      cases. The histological findings of the cervical biopsies evidenced the presence
      of a chronic cervicitis in 10% of the cases.

PMID- 3359648
TI  - Concanavalin A- or phorbol ester-induced translocation of protein kinase C in
      thymoma cells from a patient with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - We have examined the localization of phospholipid/calcium-dependent protein
      kinase (protein kinase C) in thymoma cells, which were resected from a patient
      with myasthenia gravis. Upon stimulation with 4 micrograms/ml of concanavalin A
      (Con A) for 30 min, protein kinase C activity in the cytosolic fraction was
      increased from 7.44 pmol/min per 10(7) cells to 11.42 pmol/min per 10(7) cells.
      On the other hand, membrane-associated protein kinase C activity was decreased
      from 1.69 to 0.71 pmol/min per 10(7) cells. On the contrary, 10(-7) mol/l
      tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) decreased cytosolic protein kinase C activity
      from 9.31 to 8.04 pmol/min per 10(7) cells, while membrane-associated protein
      kinase C activity was increased from 1.69 to 2.94 pmol/min per 10(7) cells.
      Several endogenous phosphorylated proteins (mol wt 20,000, 23,000) were observed
      as inferred by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These findings indicated
      that Con A and TPA produce differential translocation of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3359649
TI  - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatography for pseudouridine assay in serum and
      urine.

PMID- 3359650
TI  - Elevated excretion of N-acetylated branched-chain amino acids in maple syrup
      urine disease.

PMID- 3359651
TI  - A sensitive kinetic assay of serum albumin based on its enzyme-like hydrolytic
      activity, using a new chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate.
AB  - A new albumin assay, based on the unusual enzyme-like activity of the protein
      that promotes hydrolysis of ester bonds in fatty acid arylesters was designed for
      clinical routine use. The substrate introduced shows improved analytical
      wavelengths and is suitable for both photometric and fluorimetric assay.
      Experiments have been performed with a conventional photometer, a fluorimeter and
      a Cobas Fara autoanalyzer. Detection limits are as low as 10 micrograms/ml
      photometrically and 20 ng/ml fluorimetrically. The method provides a sensitive
      quantitative determination of even minute amounts of albumin in liquid solution,
      and a simple semiquantitative test may be performed by fixing the dye on a test
      strip which then is immersed into a sample solution and observing the development
      of yellow color intensity.

PMID- 3359652
TI  - Fetal lung maturity tests on the 10,000 X g pellet.
AB  - Centrifugation has a profound effect on tests of fetal lung maturity performed on
      amniotic fluid. We have investigated the effect of a 700 X g centrifugal force
      for 10 min and a 10,000 X g force for 20 min on a battery of tests. While 91% of
      the OD650 was removed by the 10,000 X g centrifugal force, the supernatant
      fraction retained 34% and 38% of the L/S ratio and enzymatic lecithin
      respectively, when compared to the sample before centrifugation.
      Phosphatidylglycerol, when present in an amniotic fluid, was always absent from
      the 10,000 X g supernatant but present in the pellet formed by this centrifugal
      force. The pellet after 10,000 X g was unsuitable for OD650 and L/S ratio
      determinations but contained 63% of the enzymatic lecithin. When the pellet tests
      were subjected to a clinical trial, respiratory immaturity did not occur when
      phosphatidylglycerol was present or when the 10,000 X g pellet may be a useful
      means of detecting amniotic fluid surfactant and thus determining fetal lung
      maturity.

PMID- 3359653
TI  - Sialic acid concentration in erythrocyte membrane subfractions in patients with
      myotonic dystrophy and healthy controls.
AB  - Previous studies have shown a selective reduction of the sialic acid
      concentration in erythrocyte membranes in patients with myotonic dystrophy. In
      order to locate this deficiency, chloroform/methanol/H2O extractions of
      erythrocyte membranes were analyzed in patients with myotonic dystrophy and in
      matched healthy reference individuals. In the patients, significant reductions of
      the sialic acid concentration were found in the aqueous phase (p = 0.03)
      containing mainly glycophorin A as well as in the band-3-containing interphase (p
      less than 0.005). These findings may be related to certain previously reported
      membrane abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy.

PMID- 3359654
TI  - Re-evaluation of normal human urinary proteins fractionated by one-dimensional
      sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Proteins in normal human urine were clearly fractionated into 26 bands with
      molecular weights from 14,000 to 230,000 by means of one-dimensional sodium
      dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) coupled with
      silver staining. The main band contained uromucoid, and the second main band had
      albumin. However, when urine samples from healthy persons were electrophoresed in
      the absence of SDS using polyacrylamide gel or agarose gel, or a cellulose
      acetate membrane, albumin but not uromucoid, frequently formed the main protein
      band. It is suggested that this is due to the complexing of uromucoid subunits to
      form a large molecule which cannot penetrate into the gel. In order to correctly
      fractionate all the proteins contained in normal human urine, it was concluded
      that it was best to treat a urine sample with SDS with pre-condensation,
      fractionate it by SDS-PAGE and stain fractionated proteins by a highly sensitive
      method such as silver staining.

PMID- 3359655
TI  - Neutrophil chemiluminescence induced by platelet activating factor and suppressed
      by C-reactive protein.
AB  - We studied the effects of two substances related to acute inflammation, platelet
      activating factor (PAF) and C-reactive protein (CRP), on the chemiluminescence
      reaction of human neutrophils. PAF caused chemiluminescence dosedependently when
      calcium ion was present. This luminescence was inhibited competitively by CV
      3988, a structural analogue of PAF. However, when CRP, an indicator of
      inflammation, was added, the luminescence reaction was inhibited. The findings
      suggested that CRP neutralizes the action of PAF in acute inflammation.

PMID- 3359656
TI  - Determination of cytochromes in human liver contaminated with hemoglobin.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method was developed to determine cytochromes in human liver
      mitochondria contaminated with hemoglobin. The influence of hemoglobin on the
      measurement was canceled by keeping hemoglobin in the carbon monoxide bound form
      throughout determination. Mitochondria were solubilized by 2% sodium cholate, and
      cytochromes were reduced enzymatically with glutamate and succinate as substrates
      to the maximal extent. The amount of cytochromes determined
      spectrophotometrically was linearly correlated with mitochondrial protein at
      least up to the extent of 8 mg/ml.

PMID- 3359657
TI  - Heart rate and its variability in juvenile hypertonics during respiratory
      maneuvers.
AB  - In 27 children (14 juvenile hypertonics and 13 healthy control children, with the
      mean age 14.7 +/- 0.4 y. or 15.2 +/- 0.5 y., respectively, P greater than 0.05)
      the changes of heart rate (HR), its variability (HRV) during deep inspiration and
      subsequent expiration, Valsalva's maneuver, doubled breathing frequency and the
      deepening of breathing were studied. The resting supine mean HR was significantly
      higher (P less than 0.001) in hypertonics than in controls. Deep inspiration was
      in both groups accompanied with the HR increase. However, the percentage increase
      in hypertonics was significantly lower than in normals (P less than 0.02). With
      subsequent expiration, the HR fell in both groups. There was no significant
      difference between the percentage decreases in both groups (P greater than 0.05).
      During the Valsalva's maneuver, in the first phase the tachycardic response
      occurred, which was in hypertonics significantly less pronounced. After the
      recovery of breathing a bradycardic reaction occurred which was equal in both
      groups (P greater than 0.05). Both, in juvenile hypertonics and in controls the
      doubled frequency of breathing increased the mean HR and decreased the HRV.
      During the deepened breathing there was an increase in mean HR in both groups,
      and only in the controls there was an increase in HRV. Heart rate variability in
      hypertonics was lower than in the controls under all the conditions.

PMID- 3359658
TI  - Antihypertensive effects of pinacidil in patients with and without indomethacin
      pretreatment.
AB  - To determine the potential role of prostaglandins in mediating the hypotensive
      action of the new antihypertensive agent pinacidil, we measured the blood
      pressure, regional blood flow and neurohumoral responses to pinacidil in thirteen
      hypertensive patients randomly assigned to receive pretreatment with either
      indomethacin (75 mg) or placebo. After baseline measurements had been obtained,
      each patient received an oral dose of pinacidil to which he had previously
      demonstrated a therapeutic response. The doses of pinacidil administered between
      the two groups did not differ. Serial measurements of blood pressure and heart
      rate over two hours revealed no attenuation of the hypotensive effect of
      pinacidil in the indomethacin-pretreated patients (-12.7 +/- 4.1 mm Hg) compared
      to the placebo group (-9.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg). While significant vasodilation was not
      observed in the forearm, renal vasodilation occurred and was not different
      between the two groups. Pinacidil had no effect on glomerular filtration rate.
      Neither did pinacidil significantly increase plasma catecholamines or renin
      activity. The results indicate that prostaglandins probably do not play a major
      role in the vasodilator action of pinacidil, and that therapeutic doses of the
      drug have a differential effect on regional blood flows that result in
      hypotension, but not significant neurohumoral stimulation, in patients with mild
      to moderate hypertension.

PMID- 3359659
TI  - The effect of potassium loading on sodium status and pressor responsiveness in
      the sheep.
AB  - The effect of increased potassium (K) intake (800 mmol/day) was investigated in
      conscious sheep to elucidate the mechanism of the anti-hypertensive effect of K
      loading. Mean arterial pressure rose (4mm Hg, n = 13, p less than 0.001). Cardiac
      output (n = 5) increased from 4.4 +/- 0.1 to 6.1 +/- 0.2 1/min (p less than
      0.001). Calculated total peripheral resistance fell from 17 +/- 1 to 12 +/- 1
      mmHg.min/1 (p less than 0.001). There was no change in plasma volume (n = 5), but
      extracellular fluid volume (n = 5) increased from 221 +/- 26 to 271 +/- 27 ml/kg
      (p less than 0.05). Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow (n
      = 5) were unchanged. Plasma K concentration, fluid intake and urine volume
      increased. Urinary Na excretion increased from 106 +/- 11 to a maximum of 217 +/-
      28 mmol/day on day 2 (p less than 0.001), and was decreased on day 7, 44 +/- 13
      mmol/day (p less than 0.05). Calculated Na deficit was -268 mmol by day 10, but
      there was no change in responsiveness to infused angiotensin II, noradrenaline,
      vasopressin or tyramine. These changes differ from those seen with Na depletion
      alone in sheep, and are not compatible with the hypothesis that K loading exerts
      its effects solely by increasing Na excretion.

PMID- 3359660
TI  - Dietary potassium, blood pressure and peripheral adrenergic responsiveness in the
      deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt rat.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of 6 weeks of dietary potassium (K)
      supplementation on blood pressure and in vivo and in vitro peripheral adrenergic
      responsiveness in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.
      Dietary K supplementation did not affect the development of hypertension in DOCA
      salt rats. The chronotropic and dipsogenic responses to isoproterenol (ISO)
      administration were significantly decreased in DOCA-salt rats. Addition of K to
      the diet resulted in a complete normalization of both of these responses so that
      they were similar to controls. Aortic smooth muscle from DOCA-salt rats exhibited
      a significant reduction in the relaxation response to ISO. Dietary K
      supplementation resulted in only a partial normalization of this response.
      Enhanced norepinephrine responsiveness was observed in aortic smooth muscle from
      DOCA-salt rats, but was not affected by dietary K supplementation. These results
      show that: 1) a 0.5% dietary K supplementation in DOCA-salt rats does not prevent
      the development of hypertension, 2) the decreased peripheral beta-adrenergic
      responsiveness observed in DOCA-salt rats is partially normalized by the addition
      of K to the diet, and 3) the increased alpha- adrenergic sensitivity is not
      affected by the 0.5% dietary K supplementation in the DOCA-salt rat. It is
      concluded that dietary K supplementation has differential effects on peripheral
      alpha- and beta- adrenergic responsiveness in the DOCA-salt rat. These actions
      may be related to the lack of an antihypertensive effect of K in the present
      study.

PMID- 3359661
TI  - Measurement of angiotensinogen in human serum by fluorescence polarization
      immunoassay.
AB  - Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (F.P.I.A.) has rarely been used to measure
      components of the renin system. Using an Abbott TDX polarimeter and fluorescein -
      labelled angiotensin I as a tracer we measured angiotensin I by F.P.I.A.
      Combining this procedure with a renin incubation step enabled measurement of
      angiotensinogen in human serum. Using sera from male patients and from pregnant
      females, a good correlation between radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) and F.P.I.A. was
      found. Two procedures were developed; one involving taking samples from the renin
      incubation mixture, the other involving measurement of generated angiotensin I at
      intervals without interrupting the renin incubation procedure. F.P.I.A. is less
      expensive and somewhat simpler than R.I.A. but, with the instrument used, it was
      less sensitive. An unexpected observation was that human renin increases
      polarization in solutions containing fluorescein labelled angiotensin I,
      indicating possible binding of renin to angiotensin I.

PMID- 3359662
TI  - Variability gene effect on cholesterol at the Kidd blood group locus.
AB  - The within-pair difference in lipid levels was examined in 142 monozygotic (MZ)
      twin pairs drawn from the population-based Norwegian Twin Panel. Mean within-pair
      difference in serum total cholesterol was lower in MZ pairs who were heterozygous
      for blood group Kidd genes or homozygous for the Jkb gene than in pairs who were
      homozygous for the Jka gene. The difference between the two categories of
      homozygotes was significant at the 2% level. The analyses suggest that the main
      reason for the difference observed is a restrictive effect of the Jkb gene on
      total cholesterol variability. No effect on triglycerides or HDL cholesterol
      variability was detected and there was no association between Kidd blood groups
      and sex and age-adjusted levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or HDL cholesterol.
      The present data confirm findings we reported when we introduced the study of
      within-pair variability in MZ twins as a method to analyze gene-environment
      interactions and validate the "variability gene" concept. A person's net risk for
      coronary heart disease may depend on his or her combination of "level genes" and
      "variability genes" as well as on environmental or life-style factors.

PMID- 3359663
TI  - Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 20: 46,XX,del(20)(p11)/46,XX
      mosaicism.
AB  - A 46,XX/46,XX,del(20)(p11) mosaicism was identified in a 10-month-old female
      infant with multiple congenital anomalies, development retardation and failure to
      thrive. The 20p partial deletion was observed in 50% of the cells examined. Both
      parents had normal phenotype and karyotype. Only four other patients with partial
      20p deletion are known and they are not mosaics. Their clinical findings are
      similar to those of our patient; in particular, they share anomalies of the
      vertebral column such as segmentation errors and "butterfly-shaped" vertebrae.

PMID- 3359664
TI  - Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 20.

PMID- 3359665
TI  - Oro-facial-digital syndrome II.

PMID- 3359666
TI  - X-linked retinoschisis and linkage.

PMID- 3359667
TI  - A de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 6 (q22.2q23.1).
AB  - A unique interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 involving bands
      q22.2 and q23.1 was observed in a patient referred for craniostenosis and
      developmental delay. The associated phenotypic anomalies are compared with other
      reported cases of deletion 6q involving adjacent regions.

PMID- 3359668
TI  - EEC syndrome sine sine? Report of a family with oligosymptomatic EEC syndrome.
AB  - We report a family with oligosymptomatic EEC syndrome. Whereas the mother had
      most symptoms of this syndrome, one son presented a minimal ectrodactyly and a
      highly arched palate and one daughter showed only a unilateral stiff thumb. The
      variability of this syndrome is discussed. The penetrance of this dominantly
      inherited disorder is judged to be reduced to about 78%.

PMID- 3359669
TI  - Monosomy, trisomy, fragile sites, and rearrangements of chromosome no. 1 in a
      mentally retarded male with multiple congenital anomalies.
AB  - A 17-year-old male was referred for evaluation because of short stature and
      severe mental retardation. Major clinical findings included microphthalmia,
      micrognathia, low-set ears, a prominent beaked nose, clubbing of digits, and
      premature graying of hair. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a 45,XY,
      1/46,XY/47,XY,+1 mosaicism in lymphocytic culture, a 45,XY,-1/46,XY mosaicism in
      skin fibroblasts, and fra(1p) sites in 2% of the metaphases from lymphocyte,
      fibroblast and bone marrow cultures. Post-zygotic non-disjunction causing this
      mosaicism is believed to be responsible for the patient's phenotype.

PMID- 3359670
TI  - Bardet-Biedl and Laurence-Moon syndromes in a mixed Arab population.
AB  - In the Arab population of Kuwait of approximately 1.3 million, 26 cases in 15
      families were ascertained to have Bardet-Biedl syndrome (20 cases in 13 families)
      or Laurence-Moon syndrome (6 cases in 2 families). The apparently increased
      frequency of these interrelated autosomal recessive syndromes in Arabs is
      discussed in view of the high consanguinity rate and large family size.

PMID- 3359671
TI  - Translocation t(13;14) in nine generations with a case of translocation
      homozygosity.
AB  - The Robertsonian translocation 5(13;14)(p11;q11) was studied in three families
      with probable common ancestry in Eastern Finland. In the largest family the
      translocation has segregated through at least nine generations. The same family
      also included a female who was homozygous for t(13;14). No clear-cut effect of
      the translocation on fertility could be demonstrated and only one case of trisomy
      13 was recorded in the offspring of t(13;14) carriers. The results are discussed,
      with implication for human chromosomal evolution.

PMID- 3359672
TI  - Male transmission of Apert syndrome.
AB  - This report presents the first example of male transmission of Apert
      acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. Female transmission has been reported in the five
      previous well-documented cases of dominant inheritance of the syndrome.

PMID- 3359673
TI  - A new rare heritable fragile site at 8q24.1 found in a Japanese population.
AB  - A new rare fragile site, fra(8)(q24.1) (Takahashi et al. 1987), was
      characterized. This site was confirmed to be heritable from the pedigree analyses
      of two families. Its expression was induced by AT-specific DNA-ligands:
      distamycin A, Hoechst 33258, berenil and DAPI, but not in M-F10-, BrdU- and
      control-cultures. The incidence has already been evaluated to be 0.71% (6/845) in
      a healthy population (Takahashi et al. 1987). Thus, a fragile 8q24.1 in the
      present study can be classified into the rare heritable distamycin A-inducible
      site.

PMID- 3359674
TI  - A patient with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 6.
AB  - The clinical history and subsequent progress of a child with an interstitial
      deletion in the short arm of chromosome 6 is described. This abnormality coupled
      with a reduced Hageman factor (Factor XII) led to an earlier publication which
      suggested that this gene was localized to the breakpoint region involved. A
      review of similar phenotypes from the literature is presented.

PMID- 3359675
TI  - Germinal mosaicism in Crouzon syndrome.
AB  - Two brothers with Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis syndrome born to normal
      unrelated parents are described. Paternity studies show the probability of
      paternity is 99.6%. This report appears to represent the first example of
      germinal mosaicism in Crouzon syndrome.

PMID- 3359676
TI  - Pitfalls in genetic counselling for beta-thalassemia: an individual with 4
      different thalassemia mutations.
AB  - This paper describes a complex combination of four thalassemia genes (delta(+),
      beta(0), nondeletion and deletion alpha-thalassemia) in the spouse of a typical
      high Hb A2 beta-thalassemia carrier presenting for genetic counselling. This
      complex gene combination resulted in a hematological phenotype, characterized by
      thalassemia-like red cell indices, normal Hb A2 and Hb F levels and slightly
      reduced alpha/beta globin chain synthesis ratio, and therefore not indicative for
      the presence of beta-thalassemia trait. Family studies in combination with alpha
      globin gene mapping, haplotype analysis at the beta-globin gene cluster and
      definition of the beta-thalassemia mutation by oligonucleotide hybridization led
      us to identify a beta-thalassemia mutation, to define the molecular basis for
      this phenotype and give the appropriate genetic counselling.

PMID- 3359677
TI  - Discriminant analysis of dermatoglyphic measurements in fragile X males and
      females.
AB  - Two hundred and eight fragile X subjects (92 males and 116 females) and matched
      Australian (60 males and 32 females) and British (122 males and 118 females)
      normal samples were used to calculate 4 discriminant functions, based on
      dermatoglyphic measurements. The most efficient discriminating variables between
      fragile X and normal males, selected by means of the Wilk's stepwise method,
      included: ridge counts on fingers 1-3, the hallucal (f) count on soles, the atd
      angle, and pattern intensities in palmar areas 2, 4 and 5 as well as on fingers 4
      and 5. In females, the ridge breadth, the hallucal (e) count, the atd angle and
      pattern intensities in palmar areas 3-5 as well as on fingers 1, 3 and 5
      comprised the final discriminant. The misclassification rate based on
      distributions of individual discriminant scores in each pair of samples, and on
      prior probabilities, was lowest (16.8%) in fragile X males compared with the
      Australian normal subjects. In both female comparisons, this rate approached 44%.
      A bias to misclassification rates resulting from various analytical procedures
      and some properties of the data are discussed. We conclude that the discriminant
      function based on dermatoglyphic measured variables alone is not good enough for
      assessing carrier probabilities for fragile X, especially in females. However, we
      have been able to select the best discriminators which may be used, together with
      other measured body characteristics, to obtain a more powerful discriminant
      function. Moreover, a consideration of discriminant scores based on
      dermatoglyphic traits only may help in estimating carrier probabilities.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359678
TI  - Partial duplication of the eyebrows with other congenital malformations: a new
      syndrome.
AB  - Congenital malformations involving the eyebrows are a rare phenomenon. Recently
      we have seen a case with partial duplication of the eyebrows and multiple other
      malformations. Because of the presence of close parental consanguinity, we
      believe this constellation of findings represents a new syndrome, possibly
      transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.

PMID- 3359679
TI  - Chromosomal imbalance in the offspring of translocation carriers involving 7p.
      Further contribution with three cases to the partial trisomy 7p phenotype.
AB  - Five families with balanced translocations involving 7p are reported. Three girls
      from two of these families presented several congenital malformations and partial
      trisomy 7p. A comparison is made of their phenotype with other reported cases.

PMID- 3359680
TI  - Life-span and Menkes kinky hair syndrome: report of a 13-year course of this
      disease.
AB  - The life-span of Menkes syndrome patients is discussed in connection with a boy
      suffering from this disease who lived to the age of 13.5 years. The copper
      metabolism defect is described. Therapeutic trials, mainly copper substitution,
      and prospects are summed up.

PMID- 3359681
TI  - A simplified test to detect PKU heterozygotes by discriminant analysis in
      mentally retarded children and their mothers.
AB  - We have developed classification coefficients and an equation to detect
      heterozygotes for phenylketonuria. The combination of several variables (Phe,
      Phe/Tyr, Phe2/Tyr) gave a safe diagnosis in more than 96% of cases. We then
      computerized a random selection of our population, which was divided into two
      groups: the first was "selected" to compute discriminant functions, while the
      second, excluded from computation, was used to check the fitness of our method.
      Despite the reduction of sample size, 95.2% of unknown subjects were correctly
      classified. Finally, we used our equation to detect heterozygotes for
      phenylketonuria in a population of 26 children, affected by non-specific mental
      retardation, and their mothers. We found a high proportion of carriers for
      phenylketonuria, defined as subjects having a percent probability of correct
      classification higher than 90. By this method, heterozygosity was detected in two
      child-mother couples, four individual children and five mothers.

PMID- 3359682
TI  - Verbal deficits in Klinefelter (XXY) adults living in the community.
AB  - Forty-two adult males--10 with Klinefelter's syndrome (karyotype XXY), 17 with
      normal sex chromosome karyotype (XY) but with physical signs of hypogonadism, and
      15 presumed to be normal both chromosomally and hormonally--completed tests of
      Verbal and Nonverbal ability. It was predicted: a) that the XXY group would
      perform more poorly than the other two groups on tests of Verbal ability, and b)
      that the XY, hypogonadal group would perform more poorly than the others on tests
      of Non-verbal ability. The first hypothesis was supported. However, in spite of
      measurable verbal deficits, the XXY men (whose parents were more highly educated
      than those of the other two groups) did not appear to be underachievers. Rather,
      they were, in general, as well educated, as likely to be employed, and of
      socioeconomic status equivalent to that of the other men in the study. These
      findings are discussed briefly in terms of implications for early childhood
      education and genetic counselling. The second hypothesis was not supported: this
      is attributed to presumed heterogeneity of etiology of hypogonadism in the XY,
      hypogonadal group.

PMID- 3359683
TI  - Follow-up of 30 Klinefelter males treated with testosterone.
AB  - Thirty Klinefelter males treated with testosterone were studied by a follow-up
      examination carried out an average of 3.6 years after treatment began. The age of
      the men averaged 25.5 years at the time of the follow-up. Seventy-seven per cent
      of the men were judged to have benefited from testosterone treatment. They showed
      better mood, less irritability, more energy and drive, less tiredness, more
      endurance and strength, less need for sleep, better concentration ability and
      better relations with others during testosterone treatment. The beneficial
      effects of testosterone persisted in some of the men after cessation of
      treatment. The findings show that Klinefelter males given testosterone for the
      first time as adults can benefit from such treatment, even though it is
      preferable to start treatment at the age of 11-12 years.

PMID- 3359684
TI  - Growth disadvantage of 45,X and 46,X,del(X)(p11) fibroblasts.
AB  - We have previously shown that cell generation time (CGT) is prolonged in 45,X and
      certain X-deletion fibroblast lines (Simpson & Le Beau 1981). A consequence of
      that finding should be that cells with 45,X or an X-structural abnormality are at
      a competitive disadvantage when cocultivated with 46,XX cells. To test this
      hypothesis we prepared 15 minutes of cells from combinations of 9 different cell
      lines: four 45,X; one 46,Xdel(X)(p11); and four 46,XX. Each culture was monitored
      cytogenetically at frequent passage intervals for the percentage of the two cell
      lines. Significant differences were found between normal and abnormal lines in
      culture predominance, in the order predicted by our hypothesis (p less than
      0.01). The specific mechanism by which absence of an X chromosome confers growth
      disadvantage is unknown, but is consistent with prolongation of CGT. Prolongation
      of CGT could also be responsible for the embryonic lethality, intrauterine growth
      retardation, short stature, and somatic anomalies commonly observed in
      individuals with absent or aberrant X chromosomes.

PMID- 3359685
TI  - HLA determinants in 70 Danish patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis.
AB  - HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR antigens were determined in 70 unrelated Danish patients
      with idiopathic haemochromatosis. The frequencies of HLA-A and -B antigens
      compared to 1967 normal control subjects and the relative risk values (RR) were:
      A3, 80.0% vs. 26.9% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 10.9; B7, 60.0% vs. 26.8% (P less
      than 0.0001), RR = 4.1; B14, 10.0% vs. 4.5% (P = 0.03), RR = 2.4; B47, 4.3% vs.
      0.5% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 9.7; A3, B7, 51.4% vs. 12.2% (P less than
      0.0001), RR = 7.6; A3, B14, 10.0% vs. 1.4% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 7.7; A3,
      B47, 4.3% vs. 0.5% (P less than 0.0001), RR = 9.7. Six patients (8.6%) possessed
      none of these four typical antigens. There was no association between disease and
      the frequencies of HLA-C and HLA-DR antigens. The pattern of HLA-antigens
      associated with haemochromatosis in Denmark shows similarities to those reported
      both in Germany, being HLA-A3, B7 dominated, and in Brittany, Great Britain and
      Central Sweden, being HLA-A3, B14 dominated.

PMID- 3359686
TI  - Mental retardation, macrocephaly, short stature and craniofacial dysmorphism in
      three sisters. A new entity among the mental retardation-macrocephaly syndromes?
AB  - In this report we describe a true macrocephaly-mental retardation syndrome in
      three sisters. In addition, they present a distinct craniofacial dysmorphism with
      coarse facial features. Further family investigation revealed a similar
      macrocephaly in the mother and her father, suggesting autosomal dominant
      transmission of this familial macrocephaly. Present knowledge of the nosology of
      the mental retardation-macrocephaly association is reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3359687
TI  - Partial monosomy 6q(q15q21) by de novo interstitial deletion.
AB  - A partial monosomy 6q derived from a de novo 6q (q15q21) deletion, was seen in an
      infant male with mental retardation, odd facies and feeding difficulties.

PMID- 3359688
TI  - Distal trisomy of chromosome 17q due to inverted tandem duplication.
AB  - A female infant with distal trisomy 17q is described. The anomaly resulted from a
      de novo inverted duplication of the 17q2405----q25.3 region as defined by high
      resolution banding. The proband's overall clinical picture was in good agreement
      with those of previously reported cases of partial trisomy 17q. The phenotypic
      features relatively common to our and other reported cases, included mental and
      growth retardation, microcephaly, temporal retraction, blepharophimosis, saddle
      nose, thin upper lip, down-turned corner of the mouth, high-arched palate, low
      set and deformed ears, webbed neck and lowered posterior hairline. A unique
      feature of the present case was systemic hirsutism.

PMID- 3359689
TI  - Aarskog syndrome in a Danish family: an illustration of the need for
      dysmorphology in paediatrics.
AB  - The first Danish case of Aarskog syndrome is reported. The child had attended
      several specialized out-patient clinics before the diagnosis was suggested. This
      underlines the need for dysmorphology in paediatrics.

PMID- 3359690
TI  - The origin of isochromosomes.

PMID- 3359691
TI  - Reflux nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal failure.
AB  - Reflux nephropathy can present as end-stage renal failure in adults without
      previous history of urinary infection. We describe four cases to illustrate this
      and suggest that in cases of end-stage renal failure with bilateral small kidneys
      a micturating cystogram should be performed prior to transplantation.

PMID- 3359692
TI  - Systemic character and visceral involvement of dialysis amyloidosis.

PMID- 3359693
TI  - Membranous glomerulonephritis and pregnancy.

PMID- 3359694
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in a patient with uremia.

PMID- 3359695
TI  - Long-term prognosis of malignant hypertension; difference between underlying
      diseases such as essential hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis.
AB  - A long-term prognosis was studied in 69 patients with malignant hypertension,
      followed for an average of 56 months. Overall survival rate was 90% for a 5-year
      period, although the prognosis was different between two major underlying
      diseases, namely the 5-year survival was 79% for 33 essential hypertension (EHT)
      and 100% for 26 chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN); the difference is significant
      (p less than 0.01). In contrast, the 5-year rate for renal survival, defined as
      the probability of surviving without hemodialysis, was 37% in all cases. However,
      there was significant difference in the renal survival between EHT (60% for a 5
      year period) and CGN (4% for a 18-month period). Multivariate analyses of the
      Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that the long-term change in renal
      function was different between the two groups, namely more rapid deterioration in
      the CGN group. These results indicate that a long-term prognosis of malignant
      hypertension is influenced by the underlying diseases and hemodialysis besides
      antihypertensive treatment may increase survival in malignant hypertension
      associated with severely damaged renal function.

PMID- 3359696
TI  - Dialysis-induced change in erythrocyte volume: effect on change in blood volume
      calculated from packed cell volume.
AB  - Blood volume (BV) change during hemodialysis is often monitored by packed cell
      volume (PCV). This assumes erythrocyte volume is constant. We tested this by
      dialyzing 5 patients for 2 hours against high (154 mmol/l), normal (140 mmol/l)
      and low (126 mmol/l) dialysate sodium concentrations. Erythrocyte water content,
      calculated from measured blood and plasma water contents, decreased with high and
      increased with low dialysate sodium concentrations. Erythrocyte volume,
      calculated from mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased 3.8%
      with high concentration dialysate and increased 2.5% when dialysate concentration
      was low. These changes correlated significantly (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01) with
      alterations in plasma sodium. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), measured with a
      Coulter-S Plus Counter did not alter because of a methodological artefact. BV
      change can be calculated from PCV when plasma concentrations of osmotically
      active substances are changed only if allowance is made for altered erythrocyte
      volume.

PMID- 3359697
TI  - Long-term follow-up of patients with steroid-dependent, minimal change nephrotic
      syndrome.
AB  - A subgroup of patients with steroid-responsive minimal change nephrotic syndrome
      (MCNS) is classified as steroid-dependent because of repeated relapses of
      proteinuria during prednisone taper, or within four weeks of withdrawal of
      prednisone. The long-term outcome of this subgroup of patients has not been
      documented. Thirteen patients with onset of steroid-dependent MCNS (biopsy
      proven) in childhood have been followed for 10-22 years (mean 15.6 years); 8
      patients have been in stable remission for 2-13 years (mean 5.5 years); 3 remain
      steroid-dependent 12, 18 and 22 years after onset; and 2 had steroid-responsive
      relapses after 5 and 8 years of remission. In 3 patients steroid-dependent MCNS
      remitted without cytotoxic therapy 7-11 years after onset. Cyclophosphamide was
      administered to the remaining 10 patients: 8 had prolonged remissions (1.1-13
      years, mean 4.3 years) and 2 relapsed shortly after cyclophosphamide therapy. Of
      the 8 patients who had prolonged remissions after cyclophosphamide, 3 have had no
      relapses 5-13 years after therapy. In 5 of these 8 patients steroid-dependency
      recurred 1.1-3 years after cyclophosphamide and a second course was given,
      resulting in remissions of 1.4-8 years in 3 patients, change to a frequently
      relapsing pattern in 1 patient and remission of 3 months in one patient who then
      became steroid-dependent again. We conclude that the long-term outcome of steroid
      dependent MCNS is favorable. Cyclophosphamide is useful in the management of
      these patients and a prolonged course of alternate-day prednisone therapy after
      cyclophosphamide may be helpful in maintaining remission.

PMID- 3359698
TI  - An improved method of vancomycin administration to dialysis patients.
AB  - Vancomycin is a nondialyzable antibiotic frequently used by patients on
      hemodialysis. Traditionally, a 1-gram dose is administered at the conclusion of
      dialysis. Recent rate-related side effects have prompted the manufacturer to
      revise the package insert suggesting a maximum infusion rate of 500 mg/h;
      necessitating a two-hour infusion post-dialysis. We evaluated the safety and
      efficacy of vancomycin administered during dialysis in nine chronic hemodialysis
      patients in an open crossover study. All patients received vancomycin during and
      post-dialysis in consecutive weeks. Therapeutic peak and trough serum
      concentrations were achieved in all patients. No adverse reactions occurred.

PMID- 3359699
TI  - Cardiac output-changes during hemodialysis with ultrafiltration.
AB  - Cardiovascular hemodynamics were studied noninvasively before, during and after
      hemodialysis with ultrafiltration in 18 patients on chronic hemodialysis. The
      cardiac output (CO) was determined by a continuous wave Doppler method. Overall,
      no major CO changes were seen (7.8 +/- 0.6 l/min post- versus 7.4 +/- 0.5 l/min
      pre-dialysis). Mean blood pressure rose slightly but significantly from 103 +/- 4
      mmHg before to 113 +/- 3 mmHg after hemodialysis (p less than 0.01). Important
      interindividual differences in the intradialytic evolution of CO were observed.
      In patients with previous myocardial infarction or dilated cardiomyopathy (n =
      12), CO rose significantly from 7.3 +/- 0.7 l/min before to 8.4 +/- 0.6 l/min
      after hemodialysis (p less than 0.05), while in patients without manifest
      myocardial disease (n = 6) CO decreased from 7.5 +/- 0.7 l/min to 6.6 +/- 0.9
      l/min (NS). Comparison of the evolution of CO in both groups by variance analysis
      revealed a significant difference (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that, in
      response to hemodialysis with ultrafiltration, CO probably will increase in
      patients with myocardial infarction or congestive cardiomyopathy, but probably
      will decrease in patients without.

PMID- 3359700
TI  - Unexpected severe reversible cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient
      with systemic lupus erythematosus and tubulointerstitial renal disease.
AB  - We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and impaired renal
      function probably mainly due to tubulointerstitial disease. After a six-week
      course of low-dose cyclosporine A, she developed a severe but reversible loss of
      glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow despite of low
      cyclosporine A plasma levels. Based upon the observed fall of the filtration
      fraction, the rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and
      the increase in proteinuria, we suggest that in this case the tubules and/or
      interstitium are the main targets for cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity. Neither our
      patient's clinical symptoms nor her serologic parameters improved possibly
      because of the low dosage and/or short duration of cyclosporine A treatment. We
      conclude that one should be cautious when treating patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus and pre-existing renal disease with cyclosporine A especially when
      tubulointerstitial abnormalities are present and/or other nephrotoxic drugs are
      used.

PMID- 3359701
TI  - Hemolytic uremic syndrome in childhood: renal function ten years later.
AB  - Forty-six patients who developed a Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) during the
      period 1970-1976, were examined ten years later. Thirty-two individuals had no
      signs of renal disease whereas fourteen showed at least one abnormality. In the
      latter group a urinary osmolality below 800 mosmole per kg water was the most
      frequent defect found (eight cases). Three adolescents had both hypertension and
      proteinuria, which are considered as important late sequelae.

PMID- 3359702
TI  - Effect of protein-restricted diet on serum lipids and atherosclerosis risk
      factors in patients with chronic renal failure.
AB  - Early changes in lipid metabolism and appearance of atherosclerosis risk factors
      play a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease of chronic renal
      failure (CRF). In the effort to evaluate the effects of protein restricted diet
      on dyslipidemia, we studied 122 patients with CRF (S-creatinine 1.3-9 mg/dl);
      58.2% of whom were on antihypertensive drugs treatment. Patients had been
      separated into 6 groups: group 1 was kept on a free diet; groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
      were kept on a protein-restricted diet from 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 months,
      respectively. We found hypertriglyceridemia, pathologic levels of esterified
      cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and pathologic apolipoprotein
      A1/B ratio in group 1; the comparison with other groups--whose values were normal
      range after 12, 24 months of treatment--showed significant differences. The
      lipidic parameters were independent of the duration of CRF and of patients' age.
      Serum creatinine showed a significant correlation with tryglicerides and HDL-C
      values only in group 1. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly
      greater in hypertensives than in normotensives. In our opinion, a moderate
      restriction in protein intake could be effective in preventing and in halting the
      early alterations of lipid metabolism in CRF.

PMID- 3359703
TI  - Urinary cross-linked fibrin degradation products in glomerular disease with
      crescents.
AB  - The concentration of cross-linked fibrin degradation products (XLFDP) in urine
      were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) in patients with several types of glomerulonephritis with crescents (CrGN).
      In patients with "active" cellular crescents, increased levels of XLFDP
      correlated with the percentage of glomeruli containing crescents. Dysmorphic
      erythrocytes, suggestive of glomerular bleeding, were observed in all of the
      patients with CrGN, and the urinary red cell counts (URCC) also correlated with
      percentage of glomeruli containing crescents. The absence of correlation between
      urinary XLFDP and URCC or urinary protein suggested that lysis of fibrin within
      crescents may contribute to the urinary excretion of XLFDP in CrGN. The
      measurement of urinary XLFDP in CrGN is likely to be of value in assessing the
      activity of glomerular lesions but not renal function.

PMID- 3359704
TI  - Dialyzed polymorphonuclear neutrophil oxidative metabolism during dialysis: a
      comparative study with 5 new and reused membranes.
AB  - Dialyzed neutrophils were isolated at time 0, 5, 15 and 60 min after the onset of
      hemodialysis in patients successively treated on 5 new and reused membranes, that
      is cuprophan (CU), cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PS), polycarbonate (PC)
      and polyacrilonitrile (PAN). Production of oxygen radicals was monitored by
      luminol and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). During dialysis with CU
      and PC, cells remaining in circulation at the maximum neutropenia showed a
      significant decrease of luminol-enhanced CL, whether stimulated with opsonized
      zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate. This defect was transient and the responses
      normalized at 60 min or upon reuse of the membranes. Among the other membranes
      tested, only cells collected during the first use of PS showed an impaired CL
      response to phorbol myristate acetate, but not to opsonized zymosan. CL again
      normalized upon reuse. At 5 min of dialysis with each membrane, a plasma factor
      appeared that was able to stimulate oxygen radical production by autologous
      dialyzed and control cells. A dissociation between the oxidative responses of
      dialyzed neutrophils and neutropenia was observed depending on the nature of the
      membranes, suggesting that neutropenia is a multifactorial process in which
      oxygen radical production appears as an early disturbance.

PMID- 3359706
TI  - Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in patients with focal glomerular sclerosis.

PMID- 3359705
TI  - Dialysis during pregnancy in advanced chronic renal failure patients: outcome and
      progression.
AB  - Successful pregnancies in uremic women are rare. Early initiation of regular
      hemodialysis in pregnant moderately uremic women is debatable. We chose regular
      hemodialytic treatments in 2 pregnant patients with stable renal failure with the
      aim of improving fetal outcome. The first patient with reflux nephropathy arrived
      at our clinic in the 18th week of her second pregnancy, having a serum creatinine
      level of 4.5 mg/100 ml and a creatinine clearance (Ccr) of 15 ml/min. Regular
      hemodialysis was carried out from the 29th gestational week until delivery. A
      healthy female infant was born weighing 1,095 g at the end of the 36th week of
      pregnancy. The second patient had an immune complex nephritis with a serum
      creatinine of 4.2 mg/100 ml and a Ccr of 18 ml/min. Hemodialysis was performed
      regularly from the 13th gestational week until the 37th week and stopped when
      normal labor developed and a healthy female infant weighing 2,145 g was born. We
      believe that the early initiation of regular hemodialysis in these 2 patients
      contributed significantly to the successful outcome of their pregnancies.

PMID- 3359707
TI  - Reduced glomerular filtration rate in a lithium-treated bipolar patient with
      primary hypothyroidism--reversal by levothyroxine.

PMID- 3359708
TI  - Hemoglobin A1c and uremia.

PMID- 3359709
TI  - Association of IgA nephropathy with minor radiological abnormalities of the
      sacroiliac joints.

PMID- 3359710
TI  - Growth and metastasis of hypermotile, hyperinvasive cancer cells selected in
      vitro by rapid locomotion under various conditions.
AB  - Cancer cells selected from a cultured murine fibrosarcoma by rapid migration
      through micropore membranes moved considerably faster through such membranes and
      invaded biological tissues much more efficiently than did the unselected parent
      cells. The present data show that populations of cells selected by unstimulated
      migration or by haptotaxis to laminin moved not only faster, but also in larger
      numbers than the parent cells. However, the selected cells were far less
      efficient than the parent cells in forming spontaneous lung metastases in
      syngeneic mice, although all cell lines were 100 per cent tumorigenic. Analysis
      of paired data within each group showed no relationship between the primary tumor
      size at any observation time and the number of lung metastases finally formed.
      Therefore, although the parent cell line produced primary tumors growing slightly
      more rapidly than did the various lines of hypermotile cells, this was probably
      not the main cause of the difference in spontaneous metastasis formation between
      the groups. Lung colonization experiments performed by intravenous injection of
      cells could not explain the spontaneous metastasis results. In vitro, the cells
      selected by rapid haptotaxis to laminin grew considerably better than the other
      cells in 0.1 per cent fetal bovine serum, but there were no, or only minor,
      differences in higher serum concentrations. Combined, these results indicate that
      small subpopulations of cells selected by extreme efficiency in one step of the
      metastasis process may be so specialized that they perform poorly in other steps.
      Therefore, the results do not disprove the concept that tumor cell migration
      plays an important part in metastasis.

PMID- 3359711
TI  - Differences in lodgement of tumour cells in muscle and liver.
AB  - Differences in the lodgement of circulating tumour cells in various organs are
      considered an important factor in metastatic organ selection. The present vital
      microscopic studies show that the pattern of intravascular arrest of tumour cells
      in muscle after intra-arterial injection is similar to that observed earlier, in
      the liver, after intraportal injection. However, parallel isotope studies on the
      lodgement process (at 5 min and 3 h after injection) showed that the tumour cells
      trapped in the muscle microvasculature were destroyed at a higher rate than in
      the liver. Tumour cells kept in test tubes, and thus not being subjected to the
      shearing forces of the circulation, had a higher survival rate than cells trapped
      in the muscle. The results indicate that stronger retardation forces acting on
      the tumour cells in muscle (arterial dissemination) than in the liver (venous
      dissemination) may be one mechanism behind the increased tumour cell destruction
      in muscle.

PMID- 3359712
TI  - Differential permeability of lymphatic and blood vessels in determining the route
      of metastasis as demonstrated by indirect lymphography.
AB  - Indirect mammo-lymphography with serial radiograms was made on rats bearing three
      established rat mammary carcinomas (SMT-2A, TMT-50, MT-W9B), with the water
      soluble contrast medium, Iotasul. In the lymphogenously metastasizing SMT-2A,
      fine lymphatic sprouts from the tumor were seen converging into an afferent lymph
      vessel that was extending toward a metastatic regional lymph node, in 15-30 min.
      For 45 min, the dye remained localized in the primary tumor with no other
      vascular structures or viscera visible until it emerged in the urinary bladder,
      indicating that Iotasul was absorbed slowly into the systemic circulation via
      lymphatics and diluted beyond recognition by lymph and blood, and then
      reconcentrated in urine. In contrast, in the hematogenously metastasizing TMT-50,
      Iotasul was rapidly diffused into the blood stream, revealing the inferior caval
      vein within 5 min, and by 15 min the heart, aorta, common carotid arteries,
      kidney and ureter were all clearly revealed. In the non-metastasizing MT-W9B
      host, several small vascular markings around the tumor were seen by 10 min and
      the outline of kidneys and urinary bladder in 15 min, suggesting that the dye was
      also absorbed through blood capillaries but somewhat slowly. Thus, the
      differential vascular permeability in rat mammary tumors revealed by Iotasul has
      not only helped to distinguish lymphatics from blood vessels, but also to
      correlate it with their metastatic potential.

PMID- 3359713
TI  - A novel method for selection of invasive tumor cells: derivation and
      characterization of highly metastatic K1735 melanoma cell lines based on in vitro
      and in vivo invasive capacity.
AB  - Tumor cell invasion of basement membranes is required at several steps in the
      process of metastasis. To study the genetic and biochemical events mediating
      invasion, a variant cell line (TK) was selected from the metastatic M2 K1735
      murine melanoma cell line. A novel selection procedure was used, based on in
      vitro and in vivo invasion and growth upon basement membrane and stroma.
      Additionally, two extrapulmonary metastases of the TK cell line, TK-Eve and TK
      Liver, were established as cell lines and characterized. The TK cell line
      demonstrates greater metastatic potential in vivo and invasive ability in vitro
      than the parent M2 cell line, confirming the validity of the selection procedure.
      In addition, the M2 and TK cell lines were examined for other cell functions
      involved in the metastatic process. Cellular growth rates and sensitivity to T
      lymphocyte and natural killer cell lysis were not determining factors in the
      metastatic potentials of the M2 and selected cell lines; possible macrophage
      contribution to metastatic behavior was noted. [35S]methionine pulse labeling of
      protein synthesis and karyotypic analysis confirm the close relationship of
      parental and selected cell lines.

PMID- 3359714
TI  - Does omentectomy prevent malignant small bowel obstruction?
AB  - Because the omentum collects and disseminates cancer cells, omentectomy is an
      integral part of ovarian cancer surgery. We postulate that the omentum serves a
      similar function in colon cancer and may contribute to post-operative malignant
      small bowel obstruction (S.B.O.) and that routine omentectomy during colectomy
      would reduce the incidence of S.B.O. Fischer 344 rats and a transplantable
      carcinogen-induced rat colon cancer were used to test: (1) whether the omentum is
      a unique site of intra-abdominal colon tumor implantation which contributes to
      S.B.O.; and (2) whether omentectomy at the time of tumor implantation would
      reduce the incidence of S.B.O. Statistical analysis confirmed that animals
      undergoing omentectomy had a significantly lower incidence of omental tumors and
      malignant S.B.O. (26 per cent and 16 per cent respectively) when compared with
      sham operated animals (75 per cent and 85 per cent respectively, P less than
      0.001). These data suggest that the omentum is a source of bowel obstruction from
      implantation and growth of tumour cells in the rat model. Although this could be
      tested in other animal systems, the addition of routine omentectomy to colectomy
      is simple, not time-consuming, and may reduce postoperative morbidity.

PMID- 3359716
TI  - Professional liability.

PMID- 3359715
TI  - Metastatic instability of murine tumor metastases: dependence on tumor type.
AB  - Fifteen metastatic lines derived in vivo from three syngeneic murine tumors, the
      sarcomas SA-NH and SA-4020 and the hepatic carcinoma HCA-I, were assessed for
      their stability of metastasis formation upon isotransplantation for several
      successive generations in syngeneic animals. Change in the metastatic phenotype
      was actively encouraged by a new procedure, the artificial selection for
      increased or decreased metastasis formation. Metastatic instability was dependent
      on tumor type, with five of six lines of tumor SA-NH, one of four lines of tumor
      SA-4020, and possibly one of five lines of HCA-I changing in lung metastasis
      formation. The instability of lung metastasis formation was also assessed by
      analyzing changes in the variance of the lines. Concomitant with a change in
      metastatic potential for lung metastasis, we observed a similar change for
      abdominal lymph node metastasis. We also report the selection of a less
      metastatic line. The variance of lung metastasis increased significantly only in
      the SA-NH lines. The instability of metastasis formation was attributed to
      genetic instability of metastatic cell lines.

PMID- 3359717
TI  - Professional liability. Etiology.
AB  - Once again, I find Mr. Cooper quote-worthy for his statement, "It is incumbent
      upon the trial bar not to support the status quo merely because it is in our
      economic interest. Change is in the wind, and our tort system will be blown away
      on the winds of change for change's sake unless we participate in correcting
      deficiencies in the tort system and civil jury trial process." I suggest that we
      cannot ask for change for our own economic interest, nor can we lay blame
      exclusively to the other etiologic elements. We must improve those elements
      within our purview. The prayer of serenity may serve us well: God, grant me the
      serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I
      can, and the wisdom to know the difference. In the game of professional liability
      litigation as played by the rules extant there are clearly winners and losers.
      The winners are the legal profession, both plaintiff and defense, and the
      insurers, who in the face of adversity simply increase premiums or withdraw from
      the market. The losers are the medical profession, the patients for whom they
      care and, in the broadest sense, our society as a whole. So as not to close on a
      note of gloom, one last quote. Lawrence H. Cooke, former Chief Judge of New York
      State, in remarks to the April 1986 National Symposium on Civil Justice Issues
      stated, "Our justice systems are beset with very real problems.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359718
TI  - Professional liability: epidemiology and demography.
AB  - Because of increasing numbers of claims, professional liability for obstetrician
      gynecologists carries an ever-increasing cost in dollars, emotions and time. The
      tort system in medicine is slow and inefficient in time and dollars going to
      injured patients compared to dollars supporting courts and lawyers. As a result
      of medical liability costs and a rising number of claims, patients are losing
      basic access to care, especially for pregnancy and are treated defensively when
      the receive care.

PMID- 3359719
TI  - Prevention: patient communication.

PMID- 3359720
TI  - Case reports. I. Intrapartum asphyxia and brain dysfunction.

PMID- 3359721
TI  - Case reports. II. Sterilization litigation.
AB  - Legal questions will continue to increase with this popular operation because
      sterilization is the second most common procedure performed by gynecologists.
      Because of patient's expectation, the sterilization patient is particularly
      vulnerable to suggestions of malpractice after a complication or failure. Careful
      preoperative preparation of the patient and family; strict attention to
      equipment, education and outcome statistics; a conscientious concern when
      complications do occur will help to reduce sterilization legal claims. A thorough
      knowledge of the proper management after a complication must be part of the
      education process. Success following legal defense will be measured by a proper
      preparation, good records, and an impressive, knowledgeable expert witness.

PMID- 3359722
TI  - Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: why the dilemma?
AB  - As medical technology becomes more and more complex, both the benefits and risks
      increase. Perhaps we have misled ourselves and, unwittingly, our patients into
      expecting the perfect outcome by complication-free care. As we learn more about
      the pathophysiology of disease it becomes apparent that our expectations are
      unrealistic. In addition, as clinicians we have become more sophisticated about
      the utility of clinical testing. We have learned that the predictive value of a
      test is related to its sensitivity and specificity, and to the prevalence of the
      disease in the population being tested. We have also seen that the prevalence of
      intrapartum asphyxia is low and the prevalence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
      perhaps even lower. Therefore, the positive predictive value for an ominous fetal
      heart rate pattern in a low-risk patient to be indicative of fetal asphyxia is
      probably quite low, even if confirmed by a low fetal scalp pH. In practical
      terms, a number of emergency cesarean sections will be done unnecessarily, at
      least in retrospect. Collectively, society is concerned about the high and rising
      cesarean section rate, although the individual patient "knows" that the "brain
      damaged" infant can be prevented by intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring and
      emergency section. The reality is that from the best studies available it has yet
      to be demonstrated that routine EFM in the low-risk patient has provided a
      benefit. We continue to imply a benefit by its widespread use and wonder why the
      dilemma. Should our patients expect less? Should the lawyers expect less? Even
      our experts can not agree. Good practice is our goal. We can accept nothing
      less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359723
TI  - How to prepare for a trial: medical viewpoint.

PMID- 3359724
TI  - Trial preparation: the legal perspective.

PMID- 3359725
TI  - Treatment: testifying.

PMID- 3359726
TI  - Treatment: tort reform and beyond.

PMID- 3359727
TI  - America's schizophrenia: public understanding of the malpractice question.

PMID- 3359728
TI  - Fetal echocardiography.
AB  - A limited form of fetal heart examination is feasible by the ultrasonographer
      involved in routine scanning, allowing selection of fetuses with major forms of
      heart disease in the overall pregnant population. Detailed and accurate
      prediction of cardiac malformation is possible in a specialized center studying
      pregnancies at increased risk of heart disease in the offspring, and those
      pregnancies selected by obstetric scanning. Fetal hemodynamics can be studied by
      Doppler echocardiography allowing new insights into the fetal circulation. Fetal
      arrhythmias can be documented and successfully treated before birth.

PMID- 3359729
TI  - A long-term double-blind controlled study on the effect of azathioprine in the
      treatment of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The results are reported of a small double-blind controlled trial on the effect
      of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. Although a trend in favour of the treated
      group, as regards the effect on the disability, was found, it did not reach
      statistical significant levels. No influence was found on the relapse rate. The
      influence of side-effects, which were found in the treated group in a higher
      percentage than in the placebo group, on the results is discussed.

PMID- 3359730
TI  - Spatial contrast sensitivity in clinical neurology.
AB  - We studied contrast sensitivity function in normal subjects and in three
      illustrative cases with various neurological disorders. This was done by
      measuring contrast sensitivity over a range of spatial frequencies for vertical
      sinewave grating stimuli. It is demonstrated that contrast sensitivity function
      can give information about visual function not obtainable by conventional test
      procedures.

PMID- 3359731
TI  - The role of NMR imaging in the assessment of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3359732
TI  - Madopar HBS in Parkinson patients with nocturnal akinesia.
AB  - Madopar Hydrodynamically Balanced System (HBS), a new sustained-release levodopa
      preparation, was used to control severe nightly disabilities in 15 outpatients
      suffering from Parkinson's disease in an advanced state and with long-term
      levodopa therapy. This medication was given ante noctem in addition to an
      otherwise unchanged daily regimen of levodopa administration. In 13 patients a
      considerable diminution in nocturnal akinesia and in the frequency of waking up
      was reached with a mean dosage of 308 mg of Madopar HBS. Early morning akinesia
      was only slightly alleviated in four patients. The nocturnal off-period pain
      disappeared in one patient. Adverse effects consisted of nocturnal dyskinesia in
      two patients and early morning dystonia in another two patients. The regular use
      of sleeping pills was clearly reduced after Madopar HBS therapy.

PMID- 3359733
TI  - The traumatic aspect of ventricular catheterization demonstrated by magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Five patients who underwent ventricular catheterization for increased
      intracranial pressure, were studied shortly after operation by two different
      radiological modalities: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography
      (CT). MRI showed an important brain edema surrounding the site of ventricular
      catheterization especially in the frontal area, whereas CT did not demonstrate
      any anomaly or only a very slight one. This report outlines the traumatic aspect
      of ventricular puncture and the need for a proper setting at the first essay.

PMID- 3359734
TI  - Association of multiple intracranial aneurysms and collagen type III deficiency.
AB  - The results of a collagen assay performed on cultured skin fibroblasts from a 55
      year-old man with multiple cerebral aneurysms are presented. Estimation of the
      collagen type III production by gel electrophoresis and scanning densitometry
      shows a reduction of collagen type III levels to 5% of normal. These findings
      point to the presence of a constitutional connective tissue disorder related to
      Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome type IV. It is suggested that biochemical collagen studies
      may be a useful alternative to angiography for detecting relatives at risk in
      families affected by intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 3359735
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid arteries. Clinical and radiological
      considerations.
AB  - Seven patients with fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid arteries are
      described. Three were asymptomatic and four had ischemic troubles.
      Angiographically, 3 had a fibromuscular dysplasia of type 1 and 4 of type 2; one
      patient also had an associated aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery.
      The neurological troubles and their pathogenesis, the angiographic findings and
      the differential diagnosis of this angiopathy are briefly discussed; the surgical
      procedures and their risks are also analyzed.

PMID- 3359736
TI  - Increased daytime sleepiness and snoring--obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused
      by webbing of the soft palate.
AB  - A case report is presented of a man with increased daytime sleepiness and snoring
      due to an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by webbing of the soft palate
      narrowing the velopharyngeal aperture. The diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome was confirmed by polysomnography. After uvulopalatopharyngoplasty there
      was a marked objective and subjective improvement of patient's complaints. The
      authors stress the importance of sleep monitoring in patients with excessive
      daytime sleepiness and snoring. Otorhinolaryngologic examination is necessary in
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to search for anatomic
      abnormalities of the oropharynx.

PMID- 3359737
TI  - Hydatid cyst of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Case report.
AB  - In countries where hydatid disease is prevalent, cerebral hydatid cyst may be
      responsible for as much as 10% of all intracranial expansive processes. These
      cysts may be localized in various anatomical sites within the calvarium as well
      as the skull itself. The authors present a hydatid cyst that was localized in the
      proximal third of the aqueduct of Sylvius producing increased intracranial
      pressure by obliteration of the aqueduct. Preoperative diagnosis was made by
      computerized tomography and the cyst was removed by a posterior fossa approach.

PMID- 3359739
TI  - Plasma fibronectin in mammary and uterine carcinomas.
AB  - Plasma fibronectin was determined in cancer patients and in age- and sex-matched
      controls and analyzed as a function of age, size of tumor, receptor content of
      the tumor, metastases and treatment. In the control population, plasma
      fibronectin increased with age exponentially. The age-dependent increase in
      plasma fibronectin was strongly attenuated in the cancer population. As normal
      and cancer curves intersect at about 40-46 years, below this age cancer plasmas
      have slightly higher values than normal, above this age the inverse is true. No
      correlation was found between estrogen or progesterone receptor levels and plasma
      fibronectin values, nor with plasma albumin. Tumor patients with distant
      metastases gave slightly but significantly higher values than those with local or
      no metastases. No significant difference was found between tumors when Bloom
      grading was taken as the second parameter instead of age. The size of the tumor
      or the type of treatment had no influence. Increased proteolytic activity,
      increased trapping of plasma fibronectin in tissues and especially in the stromal
      (desmoplastic) reaction and/or modifications in plasma fibronectin biosynthesis
      may well be responsible for these results.

PMID- 3359738
TI  - Intravenous phenytoin loading in patients after neurosurgery and in status
      epilepticus. A population pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - In 49 patients treated with intravenous phenytoin after a neurosurgical procedure
      or because of repetitive frequent seizures, the serum concentration was measured
      before and 2 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. Based on these data the
      apparent volume of distribution and intra- and interpatient variability were
      determined in this representative patient population, using the statistical
      package NONMEM. From 5 characteristics tested (age, sex, bodyweight, serum
      albumin, renal function) only bodyweight was found to significantly influence the
      apparent volume of distribution of phenytoin. The population average was
      estimated as 1.0 +/- 0.04 L/kg (estimate +/- SE) and interindividual variability,
      expressed as coefficient of variation, was 23 +/- 6%. By means of Monte Carlo
      simulations an optimal dosing scheme for phenytoin loading has been calculated.
      Based on these results, a dose of 15 mg/kg divided into 3 intravenous injections
      administered 2 hours apart at a maximum rate of 50 mg/min is recommended. This
      loading regimen should result in therapeutic concentrations (10 to 20 mg/L) in
      90% of patients within 6 hours.

PMID- 3359741
TI  - AIDS in Colorado.

PMID- 3359740
TI  - Relation of pressure and flow of pulmonary circulation in patients with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - A series of 31 patients with various degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease underwent right heart catheterization using flow-directed thermodilution
      catheters. Both rest and supine exercise values were obtained. The patients were
      divided into two groups on the basis of their reduction in forced expiratory
      volume in 1 s (FEV1). In patients with FEV1 values of greater than or equal to
      1,300 ml (group 1), the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) did not
      significantly change with exercise, while in patients with FEV1 of less than or
      equal to 1,200 ml (group 2) PaO2 significantly (p less than 0.05) fell in
      response to exercise. In group 2, a significant increase of total pulmonary
      resistance (TPR) with exercise was found (p less than 0.01). Pulmonary vascular
      resistance (PVR) remained unchanged in both subgroups. It is suggested that the
      value of PVR for subgroup 2 is artificially low because an important variable,
      namely pulmonary artery wedge pressure, is influenced by alveolar pressure in
      patients with an uneven distribution of perfusion and ventilation at pulmonary
      venous pressures lower than alveolar pressure. The steeper slope of the pressure
      flow relationship in these patients is probably due to an increased vascular tone
      caused by chronic hypoxia at rest and further fall of PaO2 and rise of arterial
      CO2 partial pressure in response to exercise.

PMID- 3359742
TI  - Changes in transcutaneous oxygen tension as a result of prolonged pressures at
      the sacrum.
AB  - Prolonged pressures at the patient support interface can lead to the impairment
      of tissue viability resulting in tissue breakdown, particularly in debilitated
      individuals. However there are still few clinical guidelines to indicate safe
      levels of pressure and time for individual tissue areas. The effects of extended
      loading on transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) were examined at the sacrum of
      twenty debilitated subjects, prone to tissue breakdown. Each load was applied for
      a ten minute period through an indenter incorporating a commercial oxygen
      electrode. Loads were incremented until the tcPO2 levels were reduced below 2.7
      kPa (20 mmHg), at which time the tissue was unloaded. The interface pressure for
      each applied load was measured. Results are presented in terms of relating
      applied pressure and time to relative changes in tcPO2. When all the results are
      combined it is clear that there is a range of applied pressures which
      significantly reduce the tcPO2 levels. The applied pressures to produce, for
      example, 50% reduction of the unloaded resting value, ranged from 3.0 kPa (22
      mmHg) to 12.2 kPa (92 mmHg). This indicated the individual nature of the tissue
      response, which should be determined before clinical guidelines of safe pressure
      levels are established.

PMID- 3359743
TI  - Minimum energy for cardiac pacing.
AB  - Conditions for minimum energy pacing of the heart have been investigated. A total
      of 99 patients undergoing permanent cardiac pacing with one of three different
      leads were studied. Measurements of threshold voltage and current flow were made
      at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 ms pulse durations. All measurements were made
      directly from the lead at implantation. There were no significant differences in
      threshold energy between the three leads used, and therefore all 99 leads were
      pooled for further analysis. There were significant differences (P less than
      0.05) between the pacing energies required at the four pulse durations; the mean
      threshold energy at 0.25 ms was 156 nJ, at 0.5 ms 115 nJ, at 0.75 ms 110 nJ, and
      at 1.0 ms 102 nJ. Significant energy savings may be achieved when programming
      pacemakers to the optimum output for each patient by reducing pacemaker voltage -
      current output in preference to reducing pacing pulse duration.

PMID- 3359745
TI  - Precision lead collimator construction.
AB  - A novel fabrication technique is described based on stacking accurately drilled
      lead discs to form collimators for rectilinear scanning. This technique has
      proved successful for the construction of collimators across a wide range of
      imaging performance.

PMID- 3359744
TI  - Determination of upper arm muscle and fat areas using electrical impedance
      measurements.
AB  - An electrical impedance technique is described which enables the cross-sectional
      areas of fat and muscle in the upper arm to be recorded. By making comparisons
      with measurements obtained using the x-ray technique of computerised tomography
      (CT) scanning it is shown that fat can be determined to a mean accuracy of 2.3
      cm2 and muscle to a mean accuracy of 1.5 mm2. These results are more accurate
      than a parallel set of measurements made using the traditional anthropometric
      technique.

PMID- 3359746
TI  - Total lung capacity measured by body plethysmography and by the helium dilution
      method. A comparative study in different patient groups.
AB  - The helium dilution method is known to underestimate the total lung capacity
      (TLC) in patients with poorly or non-ventilated areas in the lungs. The standard
      plethysmographic method has been reported to overestimate TLC in patients with
      severe airway obstruction. To determine the magnitude of the difference between
      the two methods, a comparison was made in different patient groups. In a group of
      patients with normal lung function tests (n = 20) there was a small but
      significant average difference in TLC between plethysmography and the helium
      dilution method, the larger values being obtained with the latter. In patient
      groups with moderately obstructed airways (n = 23), severely obstructed airways
      (n = 20), or emphysema (n = 19), there were no significant average differences,
      although in two patients in the emphysema group the plethysmographic values were
      considerably larger than those obtained by helium dilution. We conclude that the
      gas dilution methods and plethysmography with a pressure-compensated volume
      displacement plethysmograph gave estimates of TLC which agreed even in patients
      with airway obstruction or emphysema, except in patients with very severe lung
      disease.

PMID- 3359747
TI  - Non-invasive evaluation of the long-term results of coarctectomy in childhood.
AB  - Nineteen young men operated upon for coarctation of the aorta in childhood were
      studied with pulse tracings from the femoral and carotid arteries and
      echocardiographic examination of the heart with estimation of the degree of
      hypertrophy and valve anomalies. The results were compared with intra-arterial
      blood-pressure measurements and angiographically measured width of the aortic
      anastomosis. Patients with markedly distorted pulse curves had the narrowest
      anastomoses although no uniform pattern could be detected. Although one of the
      selection criteria was 'no other known cardiovascular malformations', only three
      of the patients had completely normal aortic and mitral valves. Nine of the
      patients had left ventricular hypertrophy but the degree of hypertrophy could not
      be correlated to the degree of arterial hypertension. The importance of long-term
      follow-up of these patients, who in spite of surgery have a remaining
      cardiovascular excess mortality, is emphasized. Pulse tracings and
      echocardiography seem to be of value for this purpose.

PMID- 3359748
TI  - Potassium and myoglobin release and ST and QRS vector changes during acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Thirty-three consecutive patients aged 39 to 77 years with signs of myocardial
      infarction with a duration of symptoms of less than 4 h took part in the study.
      Serial blood sampling was done for the determination of myoglobin (MG), creatine
      kinase (CK) and potassium (K). Continuous vectorcardiography was monitored. Peak
      rates of K and MG release occurred 7.0 +/- 3.7 and 6.5 +/- 3.9 hours,
      respectively, after the onset of symptoms not different from the end of ST vector
      change that occurred after 7.6 +/- 2.8 h. Following the end of ST vector change
      there was a 4-hour delay until the end of QRS vector change and another 8-hour
      delay to the end of MG release occurring about 20 h after the onset of symptoms.
      At the time for peak rate of MG release 48 +/- 17% of total MG release had
      occurred. In conclusion, the physiologically different indicators of myocardial
      damage showed signs of maximum release within the same time range, 6-8 h after
      the onset symptoms and 8-10 h before signs of completed infarction.

PMID- 3359749
TI  - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile in elderly male long-distance runners.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles
      in 30 elderly male long-distance runners (aged 66 +/- 5 years, body fat 12 +/-
      2%, mean +/- SD) by comparing them with 30 middle-aged untrained men (43 +/- 8
      years, 17 +/- 3%), 30 middle-aged endurance-trained men (45 +/- 8 years, 12 +/-
      2%) who were matched for training distance to the elderly runners, and 15 elderly
      sedentary persons (65 +/- 4 years, 16 +/- 4%). Both elderly and middle-aged
      runners averaged 43 km/week in the latest year. Maximal oxygen uptake in the
      elderly runners (48 +/- 5 ml/kg/min) was 60% higher than in age-matched untrained
      men, but 15% lower than in middle-aged runners. Plasma high-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (HDLC) was significantly higher in the elderly runners than in their
      age-matched counterparts (77 vs. 59 mg/dl), but not different from the middle
      aged runners. The middle-aged runners had lower plasma low-density lipoprotein
      cholesterol (LDLC) concentrations than their untrained counterparts (114 vs. 129
      mg/dl), whereas LDLC level in the elderly runners was almost identical to that of
      the age-matched untrained men (127 vs. 119 mg/dl). Total cholesterol
      concentration in the elderly runners (219 mg/dl) was 11% higher than in the age
      matched untrained men, whereas there was no difference between the middle-aged
      trained and untrained men. The remarkable reduction of the LDLC/HDLC ratio in the
      elderly runners, therefore, is attributable to the elevated HDLC rather than
      lowered LDLC compared with the age-matched sedentary men (1.7 vs. 2.2).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359750
TI  - Venous circulation after fasciotomy of the lower leg in man.
AB  - The study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of fasciotomy of the
      lower leg on venous circulation and venous muscle pump function. Twenty patients
      with unilateral fasciotomy were investigated with photoplethysmography (PPG),
      strain-gauge plethysmography, foot volumetry and Doppler ultrasound. In the
      operated legs shorter venous refilling times were registered both with PPG (P
      less than 0.01) and foot volumetry (P less than 0.05). PPG recordings from
      different parts of the leg showed regional changes in venous circulation with
      shorter refilling times only with the transducer placed over the affected
      muscular compartment. With foot volumetry a reduced expelled volume was found in
      patients earlier treated with extensive fasciotomies. The results of the study
      indicate that an intact muscle fascia is of importance for venous return and
      venous pump function.

PMID- 3359751
TI  - Effects of chronic sympathectomy on muscle fibre composition ISO-myosin patterns,
      protein synthesis and calcium content in canine gracilis muscle.
AB  - We have previously reported functional and histological studies in five beagle
      dogs with unilateral lumbar sympathectomy. Three months later, fatiguability in
      the gracilis muscles was increased on the denervated sides, and this was
      associated with an increase in the relative distribution of FT fibres.
      Biochemical studies now show that these changes were associated with an increase
      in cytosolic protein without change in DNA content; this is consistent with an
      increase in cell size. There was a reduction in the proportion of slow myosin
      light chain isoforms from 50 +/- 7 to 34 +/- 6%. Noradrenaline levels were
      increased on the denervated sides but this may reflect greater vascularity.
      Calcium content did not correlate with fibre type but there was a positive
      relation with both noradrenaline content (r = 0.73; P less than 0.05) and DNA
      content (r = 0.84; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that sympathectomy induces
      several biochemical changes in skeletal muscle which constitute a change and
      increase in fast myosin light chain synthesis and a corresponding fibre type
      transformation.

PMID- 3359752
TI  - Classification, diagnosis, and molecular biology of lymphoproliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 3359753
TI  - Two modes of learning for interactive tasks.

PMID- 3359754
TI  - Calibration and the effects of knowledge and reconstruction in retrieval from
      memory.

PMID- 3359755
TI  - Lexical access and inflectional morphology.

PMID- 3359756
TI  - Retinal cotton-wool-like spots: a marker for AIDS?
AB  - The prognostic value of ocular manifestations and their correlation with immune
      changes in HIV-infected subjects (75 PGL, 23 ARC, and 17 AIDS) have been
      longitudinally studied with an average follow-up of one year (3 to 22 months).
      The most common ocular manifestations were retinal cotton-wool-like spots,
      observed in 58.8% of AIDS patients and in 76.9% of those with ocular involvement.
      Two of three ARC patients who showed cotton-wool-like spots developed PCP a few
      weeks after ophthalmoscopic examination. A close correlation between ocular
      changes and decrease of CD4+ lymphocytes was observed. In our opinion, these
      ocular manifestations are as useful an indicator as opportunistic infections or
      AIDS-related neoplasias in the prognosis of HIV infection.

PMID- 3359757
TI  - Beta-fibrinogenase from the venom of Agkistrodon p. piscivorus.
AB  - 1. Beta-fibrinogenase was isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon p. piscivorus by
      column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephacel and by chromatofocusing,
      with a yield of 2.5 mg of purified enzyme from 1 g of crude venom. 2. The enzyme
      was homogeneous by SDS and non-SDS disc electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at
      pH 8.3. 3. Beta-fibrinogenase is a glycoprotein possessing both TAME hydrolase
      and kinin-releasing activities. 4. A mol. wt of approximately 33,500 and an
      isoelectric point 4.5 was determined. 5. The enzyme is stable to heat treatment
      and to a pH range of 2-10. 6. Beta-fibrinogenase activity is inactivated by DFP,
      suggesting that serine is involved in the enzymatic activity. 7. The Michaelis
      constant (Km) of this enzyme for TAME and inhibition constant (Ki) for DFP were
      found to be 7.04 X 10(-3) and 4.13 X 10(-3) M, respectively.

PMID- 3359758
TI  - Superoxide dismutase activity in extracts of specimens of Ascaris suum and
      several analogous tissues in both sexes.
AB  - 1. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (EC.1.15.1.1), and catalase
      (EC.1.11.1.6) in purified extracts of whole Ascaris suum adult males and females,
      and also in several analogous tissues of each sex, were studied. 2. No catalase
      activity was found in any of the extracts. 3. Considerable superoxide dismutase
      activity was detected in both sexes and the levels of this activity showed sexual
      differences in the values found in different tissue locations. 4. The sexual
      organs of both males and females showed the highest SOD activity of all the
      tissues examined. 5. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern analysis
      confirmed that the female tissues had more SOD enzyme components than the
      corresponding tissues in the male.

PMID- 3359759
TI  - A comparative study of apolipoproteins in mouse and rat.
AB  - 1. Apolipoproteins isolated from plasma samples of 10 inbred strains of mice and
      17 inbred strains of rats were subjected to isoelectric focusing and second
      dimension-pore-gradient-SDS-electrophoresis. 2. All major HDL apolipoproteins
      could be identified by their isoelectric point and mol. wt. 3. In inbred strains
      of mice polymorphism could be demonstrated for apo A-I and apo A-II. 4. In inbred
      strains of rats no apolipoprotein polymorphism could be demonstrated.

PMID- 3359760
TI  - Comparative biochemical and immunological analysis of the three vitellogenins
      from Drosophila grimshawi.
AB  - 1. The three female-specific vitellogenin proteins, namely V1, V2 and V3, have
      been isolated and characterized from Drosophila grimshawi. Their mol. wt, as
      determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are 46,000, 45,000 and
      43,000 which are in agreement with those determined by Ferguson plot analysis. 2.
      All three vitellogenins appear to be monomers in the ovarian extracts and they
      have very similar biochemical and immunological properties. 3. Ion-exchange
      chromatography, double immunodiffusion tests and partial digestion with
      Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease indicated more physicochemical and structural
      similarities between the V1 and the V2 polypeptides. 4. The distribution pattern
      of the proteolytic polypeptides resulting from limited chymotrypsin digestion
      suggested partial homology in the primary structure of the three vitellogenin
      proteins.

PMID- 3359762
TI  - Radiation therapy treatment planning using concurrent programming.
AB  - Concurrent programming can be applied to the problem of computer graphic
      simulation of radiation treatment of tumors (radiation treatment planning).
      Running several tasks or programs simultaneously on behalf of a single user
      provides a big improvement over the traditional sequential approach, in which
      editing a treatment plan and computing and displaying dose distributions are
      separate operations which must be invoked by explicit commands. With our system,
      the user sees isodose contours being updated automatically and continuously as
      the plan is edited; this greatly facilitates plan optimization. The complexity of
      parallel processing has resulted in a 'conventional wisdom' which discourages
      this technique. The usual approach is to have parallel processes share a common
      global data structure, which makes interaction hard to control and discourages
      modularity and data abstraction. We have developed an alternative approach based
      on message streams which instead enhances modularity and data abstraction while
      still providing the advantages of parallel processing. The system is very
      reliable and is used routinely in a practical clinical environment.

PMID- 3359761
TI  - Isochronal map of chest wall vibration with cardiokymography.
AB  - Mapping analysis of cardiokymography is helpful in clarifying the relationship
      between vibratory pattern and recording sites, but needs a highly stable
      recording technique. We have therefore studied the stability of recording
      cardiokymograms, and present here a new method for creating stable maps which
      enables diagnosis of chest-wall vibration abnormalities. Cardiokymograms were
      recorded on 16 points of the chest wall located at regular intervals horizontally
      and vertically. The time interval between a R-wave peak of the electrocardiograms
      and an E-point of the cardiokymograms were measured for all the 16 records.
      Isochronal maps in 23 healthy subjects were classified into four types. The map
      of a patient with myocardial infarction was quite different from any one of the
      four normal patterns and seemed to show a paradoxical movement of the chest wall.

PMID- 3359763
TI  - PROFILE: a user-configurable system for the measurements of angles and distances
      on pictures.
AB  - PROFILE is a user-configurable system to make series of predefined geometric
      measurements on various types of pictures. The primary use is for collecting data
      for statistical analysis. The computer-based method is much faster than manual
      measuring, effectively replacing the ruler and protractor traditionally used for
      this type of work with a digitizer. The results are available immediately as
      printed reports and as ASCII files which are easily imported by most database,
      spreadsheet and statistics programs for further study. The programs run on
      suitably equipped IBM and fully compatible personal computers.

PMID- 3359764
TI  - Microcomputer program for interactions in drug elimination in the rat.
AB  - In modern medicine patients often require multiple drug therapy. Such therapy can
      be modeled by a physiological flow model using interlinked differential equations
      to represent the differential rates of delivery and uptake of a drug by organs.
      Included in the model are the sites of action, toxicity, elimination and drug
      binding. A menu-driven computer program for this model was developed in FORTRAN
      77 for execution on a microcomputer. The program computes the rate of uptake and
      concentration of drug in key tissues as a function of time. Drug administration
      can be modeled for bolus injection with up to 10 repeats and/or for continuous
      infusion of the drug. The drugs warfarin and adriamycin are used as illustrative
      examples. The program can handle multifactorial problems such as acute and
      chronic competitive elimination interactions, liver damage, and features of aging
      such as reduced drug binding and organ function. The computed results can be
      printed numerically or displayed graphically, either on a screen terminal or as
      hard copy. The results of several simulations may be cross-plotted for studies
      involving parametric changes such as would occur in multiple pathology and aging.

PMID- 3359765
TI  - Multi-tasking control system for real-time processing of biomedical signals.
AB  - A general multi-tasking control system has been developed for real-time signal
      processing. This control system, written in the language PASCAL, enables tasks
      (expressed as PASCAL procedures) to be performed as separate, concurrent
      processes, with adjustable priority levels. Modifications of this system such as
      the addition of new processes and a change of the number of priority levels can
      be realised easily. The system has been used for the implementation of the real
      time algorithms involved in monitoring exercise electrocardiograms. For this
      application an LSI 11/23 is used with the support of a slave processor for the
      calculation of inner products. The control system is also suitable for other real
      time applications when process requirements are not too heavy.

PMID- 3359766
TI  - Software for experimental design: the computer program EXCAD.
AB  - A computer program (EXCAD) dedicated to the optimization of experimental designs
      to estimate parameters of a mathematical model, is presented. EXCAD computes D
      optimal designs and sequentially augmented designs. D-optimal designs minimize
      the determinant of the variance-covariance matrix and parameters, thus obtaining
      the average most accurate estimate of parameters. D-optimal designs have
      generally as many support points as the number of parameters in the mathematical
      model, so sample scheduling is minimal, not extensive. Augmented designs add to
      an original design the point that maximizes the decrement of the determinant of
      the variance-covariance matrix. The general model, linearly or not linearly
      parametrized Y = F(X,P), that relates two independent variables and P parameters
      to different responses may be written in the program, while a set of prewritten
      models is provided.

PMID- 3359767
TI  - VIPER: a general-purpose digital image-processing system applied to video
      microscopy.
AB  - This paper describes VIPER, the video image-processing system Erlangen. It
      consists of a general purpose microcomputer, commercially available image
      processing hardware modules connected directly to the computer, video
      input/output-modules such as a TV camera, video recorders and monitors, and a
      software package. The modular structure and the capabilities of this system are
      explained. The software is user-friendly, menu-driven and performs image
      acquisition, transfers, greyscale processing, arithmetics, logical operations,
      filtering display, colour assignment, graphics, and a couple of management
      functions. More than 100 image-processing functions are implemented. They are
      available either by typing a key or by a simple call to the function-subroutine
      library in application programs. Examples are supplied in the area of biomedical
      research, e.g. in in-vivo microscopy.

PMID- 3359768
TI  - Segmented force plate (SFP) software package for clinical use.
AB  - A gait analysis system is described. It is designed for clinical use as well as
      research purposes. The system is simple to operate and can be used by non
      computer specialist. The design philosophy is straightforward and allows for easy
      adaptation to other systems. Samples of the output are presented.

PMID- 3359769
TI  - FEXPAC: a program for linear discriminant classification.
AB  - A new program for feature extraction and two-class classification utilizing the
      Fisher linear discriminant function model has been developed. It is intended as a
      tool in multivariate data analysis, and is especially suited for the design and
      storage of linear classifiers from training data sets.

PMID- 3359770
TI  - BASIC computer program to summarize data using nonparametric and parametric
      statistics including Anderson-Darling test for normality.
AB  - Tools for calculating Gaussian parametric statistics are widely available in hand
      held calculators and program packages for desktop as well as mainframe computers.
      The standard deviation calculated from non-Gaussian data may, however, be
      meaningless or even absurd. Furthermore, the standard error of the mean is
      frequently used as a descriptive statistic even if it really does not describe
      the variation in the observations themselves. However, comprehensive tools for
      calculating nonparametric descriptive statistics and judging whether observations
      have a Gaussian distribution are hard to come by. The present paper attempts to
      provide the essential statistical reasoning behind the calculation of descriptive
      statistics and introduces a computer program written in Microsoft BASIC that
      applies the methods described in the text.

PMID- 3359771
TI  - The nasal septum and restless sleep.

PMID- 3359772
TI  - Erythromycin induced cardiovascular toxicity.

PMID- 3359773
TI  - The doctor's dilemma: natural scientist and/or humanist?

PMID- 3359775
TI  - Don't feud over the RVS.

PMID- 3359774
TI  - Strategies for fees.

PMID- 3359776
TI  - Is there a duty to treat AIDS patients?

PMID- 3359777
TI  - Nephrology and dialysis updated. 18th Course on Advances in Nephrology and
      Dialysis. Milano, December 5-7, 1986.

PMID- 3359778
TI  - Natural history of reflux nephropathy in children.

PMID- 3359779
TI  - Vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy in adults.

PMID- 3359781
TI  - Bio-incompatibility and dialysis. International symposium. Courchevel, April 2-4,
      1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3359780
TI  - Technical and clinical evaluation of different short, highly efficient dialysis
      techniques.

PMID- 3359782
TI  - Dialysis-associated adverse reactions with high-flux membranes and microbial
      contamination of liquid bicarbonate concentrate.

PMID- 3359783
TI  - Neutrophil functions during hemodialysis.

PMID- 3359784
TI  - Changes in respiratory control induced by amino acid infusions.
AB  - We compared the metabolic and respiratory responses to a 4-h infusion of an amino
      acid solution consisting primarily of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to those
      after a standard amino acid solution in healthy subjects. Both the BCAA solution
      and the standard amino acid solution increased minute ventilation (mean increase
      22%, p less than .001, and 18%, p less than .01, respectively), mean inspiratory
      flow (19%, p less than .01, and 19%, p less than .05) and oxygen consumption (9%,
      p less than .02, and 5%, NS). PaCO2 decreased (mean decrease 6%, p less than
      .01); there was a major increase in the ventilatory response to CO2 inhalation
      during administration of the BCAA solution but not the standard amino acid
      solution. Increased plasma norepinephrine concentration (mean increase 75%, p
      less than .001) during the infusion of the standard amino acid solution but not
      the BCAA solution suggested increased sympathetic activity. The results
      demonstrate augmented respiratory effects of amino acid infusions by BCAA
      enrichment, and a dissociation between the respiratory stimulation, metabolic
      rate, and sympathetic activity.

PMID- 3359785
TI  - Refining intensive care unit outcome prediction by using changing probabilities
      of mortality.
AB  - Estimating prognosis is potentially useful as a measure of ICU performance and as
      a guide for the clinical care of individual patients. In this study, mortality
      prediction models (MPMs) for patients in an adult general medical-surgical ICU
      were derived from data gathered at ICU admission and after 24 and 48 h of ICU
      care. A predictive model was developed which incorporated a sequence of
      probabilities collected over time in the ICU. The results of this study suggest
      that using serial observations may enhance substantially the usefulness of the
      MPM as a vehicle for helping families anticipate the patients' likely outcome.

PMID- 3359786
TI  - Effects of food ingestion on hemodynamics in chronic congestive heart failure.
AB  - This study evaluates the effects of a standardized meal on cardiovascular
      hemodynamics in 12 patients with New York Heart Association Class III congestive
      heart failure. This was done as part of a larger study in which an orally active
      dopaminergic agonist was given on two mornings, once with a standardized
      breakfast and once fasting, and one morning a placebo was given with the
      breakfast. The order of days was randomized. Hemodynamic data were obtained over
      8 h each day. There were significant changes in several hemodynamic variables
      after the placebo-food regimen lasting up to 1.5 h: cardiac index rose from 1.8
      +/- 0.4 to 2.2 +/- 0.5 L/min.m2 at 30 min (p less than .001) and to 2.0 +/- 0.5
      L/min.m2 at one hour (p less than .05); stroke volume index rose from 20 +/- 7 to
      24 +/- 7 ml/min at 30 min (p less than .05) and to 23 +/- 7 ml/min at one hour (p
      less than .05); systemic vascular resistance fell from 1890 +/- 685 to 1534 +/-
      497 dyne.sec/cm5 at 30 min (p less than .001) and to 1668 +/- 524 dyne.sec/cm5 at
      one hour (p less than .05). Mixed venous oxygen saturation was measured
      continuously in seven patients and rose significantly at one and 1.5 h. We
      conclude that food ingestion can have a significant effect on cardiovascular
      hemodynamics and that this effect should be considered when therapeutic effects
      are to be guided by invasive hemodynamic monitoring in this population.

PMID- 3359787
TI  - Cardiac output changes and continuous mixed venous oxygen saturation measurement
      in the critically ill.
AB  - For many years, the pulmonary artery catheter has been used to monitor cardiac
      filling pressures and to determine cardiac output in hemodynamically unstable
      patients. Recently, a new pulmonary artery catheter with fiberoptic capabilities,
      which provides continuous mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2) measurements, has
      become available and has been found to be helpful in managing unstable patients.
      To determine the efficacy of this device in predicting early changes in cardiac
      output, we studied 46 patients catheterized with the opticath and 25 with the
      standard pulmonary artery catheter; we compared changes in the SvO2 with
      associated cardiac index changes. We found that small changes (5%) in SvO2 did
      not correlate well with changes in cardiac output, yet larger changes (10%) in
      SvO2 seemed to correlate better. More importantly, we found that only 50% of the
      SvO2 changes predicted anticipated changes in cardiac output. As can best be
      determined from the limitations of a nonrandomized study, the value of continuous
      SvO2 monitoring as an early predictor of cardiac output change remains
      questionable.

PMID- 3359788
TI  - Effects of prenalterol on renal function in patients after major vascular
      surgery.
AB  - Hemodynamic and renal effects of prenalterol were studied in 13 mechanically
      ventilated patients on the first day after major vascular surgery. Prenalterol (1
      [4-hydroxyphenoxy]-3-isopropylamino-2 propanol hydro-chloride), a partial beta
      agonist with a predominant beta-1 and a weak beta-2-adrenoceptor activity, was
      infused into seven patients at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 microgram/kg.min (group A),
      and at a dose of 2.0 micrograms/kg.min in six patients (group B). Although no
      hemodynamic changes were observed in group A, systolic BP, mean BP, heart rate,
      and cardiac output increased significantly in group B. Catecholamine levels and
      plasma renin activity were unaltered in both groups, as was glomerular filtration
      rate. Renal blood flow did not change in group A but it increased by 25% in group
      B. Urine flow, fractional free water clearance, fractional sodium excretion, and
      fractional chloride excretion were unaltered in both groups. Fractional potassium
      excretion decreased by 20%, 22%, and 26% at the three infusion rates of
      prenalterol, respectively. We conclude that prenalterol does not directly
      influence renal function in the postoperative setting.

PMID- 3359789
TI  - Acute mechanical ventilation: an index of the absolute need for pediatric
      intensive care unit beds.
AB  - Acute mechanical ventilation (MV) is an absolute indication for pediatric ICU
      (PICU) admission. Only 28% of PICU patients over an 8-yr period required acute
      MV, yet these accounted for 52.5% of total patient days. Transport admissions
      were more likely to require acute MV (40.4%). Subgroups of MV patients differing
      significantly (p less than .01) in the median duration of intensive care included
      the following: a) under 2 years (5 days) vs. older (4 days); b) medical (5 days)
      vs. all perioperative (3 days); and c) cardiac surgery (3 days) vs. other
      perioperative (4 days). We found that a) an average of 3.79 PICU beds per million
      general population (1.39 per 100,000 children under age 18 yr) were occupied
      daily by acute MV patients; b) the total PICU bed occupancy averaged 7.54 beds
      per million general population (2.76 per 100,000 children under age 18 yr) or
      twice that needed for acute MV patients alone; and c) regression equations based
      on subgroup annual admissions accurately predicted annual variability in acute MV
      census/day at both the study and a comparison hospital.

PMID- 3359790
TI  - Hemodialysis of amikacin in critically ill patients.
AB  - The clearance of amikacin during hemodialysis (HD) was determined in eight
      critically ill patients. The dialysis period averaged 3.4 h with a blood flow of
      200 ml/min. The average amikacin clearance between dialysis was 7.30 +/- 4.78
      (SD) ml/min which increased to 37.5 +/- 8.01 ml/min during dialysis. The average
      serum amikacin concentration before dialysis fell 27% after dialysis. The
      fraction of drug in the body removed only from dialysis averaged 21%. Although
      amikacin was cleared more effectively during HD compared to the interdialysis
      period, the small amount of drug removed suggests that routine supplemental
      dosing of amikacin after HD may not be necessary.

PMID- 3359791
TI  - Dissociation of mean airway pressure and lung volume during high-frequency
      oscillatory ventilation.
AB  - Eight kittens were studied during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)
      using an airway vibrator. HFOV was performed at 1000 and 1800 cycle/min at three
      present oscillatory amplitude settings and with lungs normal and injured by
      saline lavage. Change in lung volume (LV) during HFOV was compared to change in
      LV obtained during static inflation at matched mean airway pressure (Paw) of 5,
      10, 15 and 20 cm H2O. LV during HFOV was significantly higher than during static
      inflation, and increased as oscillatory amplitude increased. LV was significantly
      lower after lung injury for matched HFOV settings, and was not affected by rate.
      Dissociation of Paw and LV during HFOV is observed implying that mean alveolar
      pressure (Palv) exceeds Paw during HFOV in this experimental model. The safe
      clinical application of HFOV may involve measurement of Palv or LV.

PMID- 3359793
TI  - Evaluation of rapid drying hand disinfectant preparations in the intensive care
      unit.
AB  - MK412A (0.2% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol) and MK412B (0.2% benzalkonium chloride
      in 70% ethanol), which are rapid drying and rubbing antiseptic preparations, have
      been evaluated for hand sterilization over a month by ICU nurses. They have been
      shown to have effective skin decontaminant efficacy under practical conditions in
      a busy ICU. There were no adverse reactions except for two cases of mild erythema
      in the MK412A treatment group. In a comparative in vitro study with Pseudomonas
      cepacia, 0.2% chlorhexidine solution alone and 0.2% benzalkonium chloride
      solution alone were less bactericidal than MK412A and MK412B.

PMID- 3359792
TI  - Effect of standard doses of epinephrine on myocardial oxygen delivery and
      utilization during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 0.02 mg/kg of
      epinephrine (E) on myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen consumption
      (MVO2), and delivery (MDO2) when administered during CPR after 10-min
      cardiopulmonary arrest. Five miniature swine were instrumented for MBF
      measurements using tracer microspheres. Ventricular fibrillation was induced.
      After 10 min, CPR was begun with a pneumatic compressor. Measurements of MBF,
      arterial, and coronary sinus blood gases were made. After 3 min of CPR, each
      animal received 0.02 mg/kg of E. The measurements were repeated and
      defibrillation was attempted. During CPR, MDO2 and MVO2 were 0.2 +/- 0.3 and 0.2
      +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g tissue, respectively. The myocardial oxygen extraction ratio
      (ER) was 94.2 +/- 3.0%. After 0.02 mg/kg of E, MDO2 was 1.1 +/- 1.4, MVO2 was 1.0
      +/- 1.3, and ER was 93.9 +/- 0.7% (p greater than .05). There were no successful
      defibrillations. These data indicate that MDO2 improves slightly during CPR after
      0.02 mg/kg of E, but it does not meet the oxygen demands of the fibrillating
      heart.

PMID- 3359794
TI  - Hypoglycemia following bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
AB  - Severe hypoglycemia with delayed emergence occurred in a 12-yr-old boy following
      bilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Hypoglycemia after resection of
      pheochromocytoma may be due to release of insulin from the beta cells of the
      pancreas due to sudden withdrawal of catecholamines. Beta blockade with the use
      of propranolol impairs both hepatic glucose production and glucagon secretion
      mechanism. For early detection and treatment of hypoglycemia, perioperative blood
      glucose monitoring is important in patients undergoing adrenalectomy for
      pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3359795
TI  - Occlusion of the right pulmonary artery by an acute dissecting aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3359796
TI  - Endorphins in circulatory shock.

PMID- 3359797
TI  - Tension pneumothorax following spontaneous rupture of diaphragm by a subphrenic
      drain in septic peritonitis.

PMID- 3359798
TI  - A simple maneuver for introduction of the rigid bronchoscope into the left
      bronchus.

PMID- 3359799
TI  - Medical directors of critical care air transport services.

PMID- 3359801
TI  - Protein distribution patterns in concentric layers from single bovine lenses:
      changes with development and ageing.
AB  - Protein distribution patterns were determined in concentric layers removed from
      24 bovine lenses ranging in age from about 6 months before birth to 180 months
      post-natal. It was possible to distinguish alterations in protein synthesis
      patterns during development and changes due to ageing, i.e., prolonged existence
      of the proteins. It was found that alpha-crystallin represents a constant 50% of
      the proteins synthesized by the fibre cells throughout life. However, the protein
      becomes progressively less soluble with increasing age. Beta-crystallin synthesis
      increases from 30% of the total proteins during prenatal development to around
      40% in post-natal fibre cells. This increase is due to increased production of
      the beta-crystallin. In old tissues, beta H-crystallin is converted to a high
      molecular weight from (HMW beta) gamma-crystallins account for 22% of the
      proteins synthesized in the earliest prenatal fibre cells. This level decreases
      rapidly through prenatal development until they represent about 4% of the total
      at birth. Beta S-crystallin synthesis commences around this time and in the post
      natal fibre cells is essentially the only low molecular weight protein. The
      possible significance of some of these changes is discussed with regard to the
      functional requirements of the lens.

PMID- 3359800
TI  - Phototoxicity of chlorpromazine on retinal pigment epithelial cells.
AB  - As it is known that chlorpromazine (CPZ) can bind to melanins as well as cause
      ocular phototoxicity, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of UV-visible
      irradiation of melanotic and amelanotic retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in
      the presence of CPZ. At low concentrations (5 micrograms/ml) of CPZ a
      photosensitization reaction took place which lysed the cells as measured by the
      release of 51Cr from cells labelled with chromium. At concentrations of CPZ less
      than 5 micrograms/ml, no significant cell lysis occurred when the cells were
      incubated at 37 degrees C in the dark. As the concentration of CPZ was increased
      to 25 micrograms/ml or more, high percentages of cells were lysed. When the
      melanotic RPE cells were exposed to different concentrations of CPZ and grown in
      culture, the cell growth (multiplication) diminished drastically with low
      concentrations (less than 2 micrograms/ml CPZ). Vitamin E decreased the cell
      lysis both in the dark and upon irradiation. Oxygen radical scavengers such as
      glutathione, B-carotene, mannitol, D-penicillamine as well as superoxide
      dismutase and catalase did not decrease cell lysis. The phototoxic effects of CPZ
      was found not to be due to stable photoproducts formed during irradiation of CPZ.

PMID- 3359802
TI  - Electron microscopy of native and reconstituted alpha crystallin aggregates.
AB  - The size and shape of native alpha crystallin aggregates extracted at either 4
      degrees C (alpha c-crystallin) or 37 degrees C (alpha m-crystallin), were
      compared with each other, as well as with aggregates reconstituted from either
      pure alpha A or alpha B subunits using electron microscopy. The alpha B
      aggregates were the most uniform in size (about 9 nm in diameter) and the best
      stained. alpha A particles were about the same size as the alpha B, but the
      population distribution was broader and some indication of interparticle
      association was observed. alpha c particles exhibited a bimodal distribution,
      with one peak greater than the reconstituted particles and the other about the
      same size; alpha m was smaller than the reconstituted structures.

PMID- 3359803
TI  - The bovine corneal SGP-complex is related to the tissue form of type VI collagen.
AB  - A polyclonal antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the structural
      glycoprotein (SGP) complex previously isolated from a bacterial collagenase
      digest of bovine corneal stroma (R. Alper, Curr. Eye Res. 2:479, 1983). Direct
      and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated that the antiserum was
      specific for the SGP-complex and did not react with Types I, III and IV collagen,
      fibronectin, laminin or actin. Immunoblot experiments indicated that the
      antiserum reacted with all of the components of the SGP-complex as well as with
      the cell matrix laid down by bovine keratocytes in culture. An attempt was made
      to isolate individual antibodies from the antiserum by selective elution from
      immunoblots of the components of the SGP-complex separated by SDS-PAGE. It was
      found that regardless of the protein band from which the antibody was eluted,
      every antibody isolated reacted with every protein component of the SGP-complex
      suggesting that the SGP-complex may have been derived from a single precursor
      protein and that the observed heterogeneity of the SGP-complex may have been the
      result of proteolytic breakdown of the protein held together by disulfide bonds.
      When the anti-SGP antiserum was used to immunoprecipitate 14C-proline labeled
      proteins from the media of bovine keratocytes in culture, the major protein
      observed had a Mr of about 140,000 daltons, similar to that of GP-140 also known
      as CL-glycoprotein. These proteins have been shown to represent the tissue form
      of Type VI collagen. To test the hypothesis that the SGP-complex may be related
      to the GP-140 (CL-glycoprotein), ELISA and immunoblotting studies were performed
      comparing the properties of the anti-SGP serum with those of a polyclonal
      antibody specific for Type VI collagen. The SGP-complex reacted positively by
      ELISA with the anti-human Type VI collagen antiserum and, conversely, human Type
      VI collagen gave a positive ELISA reaction with an antiserum against the SGP
      complex. The anti-human Type VI collagen antiserum reacted with most of the major
      components of the SGP-complex on immunoblots of SDS-PAGE gels. These data
      indicate that the SGP-complex is related to and probably is derived from the
      tissue form of Type VI collagen.

PMID- 3359804
TI  - The effect of vitamin A supplementation on tear fluid retinol levels of
      marginally nourished preschool children.
AB  - Vitamin A has been determined in tear fluid and blood plasma of marginally
      nourished Thai children before and after supplementation with a single, oral dose
      of 110 mg retinyl palmitate. After two months a significant rise of tear fluid
      retinol levels of the supplemented group was observed as compared to the non
      supplemented group, while after four months no difference could be found.
      Determination of vitamin A levels in tear fluid may be useful in clinical eye
      research, with special regard to xerophthalmia.

PMID- 3359805
TI  - Fluorescence quenching studies of the structures of calf gamma-II, III, and IV
      crystallins.
AB  - The structures of the calf lens crystallin fractions gamma-II, gamma-III, and
      gamma-IV have been investigated using the fluorescence quenching method. The
      three crystallin fractions showed very large differences in the quenching rates
      of their fluorescent tryptophan residues, for quenching by acrylamide or iodide
      in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer solutions. The experimentally measured quenching rate
      constants were kq(II) = 3.2 x 10(8), kq(III) = 9.9 x 10(8), and kq(IV) = 1.8 x
      10(9) M-1 sec-1. Smaller rate constants were obtained for iodide quenching of the
      three crystallins, but the values were in approximately the same ratios as the
      ones found for acrylamide quenching. The conclusion is that the tryptophan
      residues in gamma-II crystallin are 6-10 times less easily quenched than those of
      gamma-IV crystallin and 3-6 times less easily quenched than those of gamma-III.
      These conclusions are in accord with those reached by Mandal et. al. based on
      fluorescence and CD data, who found the following order of Trp hydrophobicities:
      gamma-II greater than gamma-III greater than gamma-IV. The significance of these
      structural differences for lens function and stability remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3359806
TI  - Front surface fluorometric study of lens insoluble proteins.
AB  - Although the quantity of insoluble lens proteins increases with aging and
      cataracts, it is unknown whether the quality, such as protein structure, also
      changes correspondingly. In this study front surface fluorometry was used to
      study powdered samples of insoluble proteins isolated from young calf and old cow
      lenses, as well as from young clear and old cataractous human lenses. Tryptophan
      (Trp) fluorescence shows that there is a difference in protein conformation
      between young and old bovine samples. The old sample appears to have more open
      structure. This is demonstrated by a red shift in Trp emission maxima. The water
      insoluble fraction shows 3-4 nm shift, while its urea-soluble and urea-insoluble
      fraction show 1-2 nm shift. The unfoldedness found in soluble crystallins is thus
      retained when they become insoluble. Both young and old human insoluble samples
      give a long Trp emission wavelength without showing any difference. Another major
      change that can be measured by fluorescence is the appearance of the 370/440 nm
      peak in old bovine insoluble powdered samples. Human samples also give this peak,
      and its position shifts to a longer wavelength in senile lenses.

PMID- 3359807
TI  - Chicks blinded with formoguanamine do not develop lid suture myopia.
AB  - The involvement of the retina in avian lid suture myopia was investigated by use
      of formoguanamine (FG), which induces blindness in chicks, characterized by
      damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layers. In control
      chicks reared under a diurnal lighting schedule of 12L/12D, unilateral eyelid
      suture at 3 days of age induced a typical lid suture myopia response on the
      operated side (eye enlargement and bulging cornea) by 4 wks. of age. On the other
      hand, in FG-treated blind chicks also reared under 12L/12D, there was no
      difference in eye parameters, between sutured and non-sutured eyes. All globe
      parameters measured were very similar in FG-treated and control non-sutured
      chicks. Corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth in the eyes of FG-treated
      chicks were significantly smaller than in non-sutured control eyes.

PMID- 3359808
TI  - Standardization and analysis of digitized photographic data in the longitudinal
      documentation of cataractous growth.
AB  - Age-related cataract formation in man can be documented with slit and
      retroillumination photographs. With digitization and image analysis of such
      photographs a cataract may be characterized by a frequency distribution of
      picture elements over a 255 step gray scale spectrum. Transition from a clear to
      a cataractous lens may be manifested as a change from a unimodal, Gaussian to a
      multimodal, non Gaussian frequency distribution respectively. How should one
      compare and contrast these two distributions, so to accurately describe the
      extent and significance of a change in lens opacification? The in vitro system of
      cold cataract formation in the rabbit lens was used as a model of the much slower
      process of age-related cataract formation in man. As in the human lens undergoing
      progressive opacification, the frequency distribution (number of pixels vs.
      intensity of gray) for a digitized image of a clear lens at 26 degrees C is
      unimodal and Gaussian; that of a fully developed cold cataract at 10 degrees C is
      multimodal and non-gaussian. In spite of the increasing multimodality of the
      frequency distribution as the temperature dropped and the cataract grew in
      density and size, the mean gray density proved to be a valid and useful measure
      to characterize the distribution and to compare different unaligned images. The
      Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test proved to be useless in comparing the frequency
      distributions from cataract images because it proved to be too sensitive to
      subtle changes in the degree of opacification. Anomalous behavior of the
      opacification process--i.e. clarification as well as opacification of the lens
      during cold cataract formation caused all pairs to appear statistically
      significantly different when in appearance there was no difference. The mean of
      the frequency distribution is less sensitive to this anomalous behavior and is
      useful as a comparative index. The method of calculating the threshold of
      significant change in the mean density of a cataract image is presented.

PMID- 3359809
TI  - Quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in bovine lens proteins by acrylamide and
      iodide.
AB  - The microenvironments of tryptophan residues in bovine alpha-, beta H-, beta L
      and gamma-crystallins have been examined using acrylamide and KI quenching of
      fluorescence. From a consideration of the differential effects of the two
      quenchers, the quenching efficiencies and spectral changes, it was possible to
      distinguish tryptophans in different environments and to assign these to specific
      residues in the sequence. Two classes of tryptophan were identified in gamma
      crystallin, one buried and one moderately accessible. The buried class contained
      tryptophans 42A and 125 which lie in the angles of the wedge-shaped domains of
      the protein. These residues, which had emission maxima at 326 nm, were not
      accessible to quenching by iodide. The more accessible residues, emitting at 334
      nm, corresponded to tryptophans 64 and 148 which are in the widest part of the
      wedge-shaped subunit and close to the surface of the protein. The two beta
      crystallins were virtually indistinguishable. They contained two buried
      tryptophans, probably residues 58 and 150, and three close to the surface,
      residues 81, 84 and 166. The quenching efficiencies for these two classes were
      lower than those observed with gamma-crystallin. Since the three-dimensional
      structures of the beta- and gamma-crystallins are probably very similar, this
      suggests that the polymeric nature of the beta-crystallins is responsible for the
      decreased accessibility of the tryptophans to the quenchers. alpha-crystallin
      demonstrated unusually high static quenching which made it difficult to
      distinguish different classes of tryptophan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359810
TI  - Cell turnover in ciliary epithelium compared to other slow renewing epithelia in
      the adult mouse.
AB  - Adult albino mice received tritiated thymidine either injected subcutaneously
      (333 microCi) every 6 hours for up to 36 hours, or administered in their drinking
      water for up to 74 days (about 45 microCi/day). Tissue sections were examined
      with autoradiography to determine the distribution of the label. Animals
      receiving subcutaneous injections showed no labeled cells in the choroid plexus
      epithelium and only one cell of 6600 cells counted in the ciliary epithelium was
      labeled. Animals exposed to the isotope in their drinking water for 74 days
      showed considerable uptake of label in hepatocytes (15%) and cortical kidney
      tubules (17%), whereas ciliary and choroid epithelia showed very low uptake at
      0.25% and 0.01%, respectively. The data show that the ciliary and choroid
      epithelia have a very slow turnover rate compared to other slow renewing tissues,
      and, under normal conditions, these tissues are not renewed in the animal's adult
      life span.

PMID- 3359811
TI  - Corneal alanine metabolism demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - This study confirms the feasibility of monitoring corneal metabolism of an amino
      acid using high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Alanine metabolism to lactate was
      detected in intact, freshly isolated rabbit corneas. Progressively decreasing
      alanine resonances were noted after 4-5 hours of incubation while increasing
      amounts of lactate were detected. No similar signal was noted in de
      epithelialized tissue. This study demonstrates the ability of corneal epithelium
      to utilize alanine as a metabolic substrate. This technique may be useful to
      determine the essential amino acids and their optimal concentrations necessary to
      maintain corneal viability during storage.

PMID- 3359812
TI  - Lens hexokinase deactivation by near-UV irradiation.
AB  - Photodamage to lens hexokinase has been investigated by exposing the lenses of
      rat, rabbit and calf eyes to 300 nm irradiation. Hexokinase activity was
      diminished by 15.9% +/- 5.4 and 23.4% +/- 5.0 upon irradiation of the isolated
      rat lens for 1 and 2 hours respectively. Irradiation of the whole eye for 2 hours
      resulted in hexokinase deactivation of 13.6% +/- 5.8 and 19.2% +/- 6.2 for rat
      and rabbit lens homogenates and 55% +/- 7 for calf lens capsule plus epithelium.
      Enzyme deactivation was prevented when the isolated lens was irradiated with the
      vitreous attached. Glucose, catalase or ascorbate added to the medium prior to
      irradiation, each had a protective effect on hexokinase deactivation. The results
      are consistent with a mechanism in which photochemical generation of active
      species of oxygen, via the photosensitizing action of tryptophan photoproducts,
      plays a significant role in enzyme deactivation.

PMID- 3359813
TI  - Steady-state visual evoked potentials to asymmetrical contrast.
AB  - The temporal frequency components in the steady-state visual evoked response
      (VEP) depend on the method of stimulus presentation; a first harmonic is
      generated to "on-off" patterns while a second harmonic occurs to both "on-off"
      and counterphase patterns. This study examined the VEP response in humans to
      patterns between these two extremes. In the main experiment, a 1 c/d sinusoidal
      grating was phase reversed sinusoidally at 8 Hz. The DC offset, however, was
      adjusted such that two different levels of peak contrast occurred during a
      temporal cycle. Within this context, a counterphase pattern would represent
      complete contrast symmetry and an "on-off" pattern would represent maximum
      contrast asymmetry during a temporal cycle. With this manipulation, the a)
      integrated luminance change; b) local luminance change; and c) total contrast
      remained constant. Only mean contrast varied. The amplitude of the first harmonic
      strongly depended on mean contrast. The amplitude and phase of the second
      harmonic, however, changed little across experimental conditions suggesting a
      dependence on one or more of the above three listed stimulus attributes which
      remained constant. In a supplementary experiment, this phase constancy was
      confirmed using other temporal frequencies.

PMID- 3359814
TI  - Effects of matrix proteins on rabbit corneal epithelial cell adhesion and
      migration.
AB  - Extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins are important in promoting
      the adhesion and migration of various cell types. Laminin and type IV collagen
      are found in basement membranes throughout the body while fibronectin is found
      associated with some basal lamina, in loose connective tissue, and in all body
      fluids. In the current study fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen were
      assessed to determine their effect on the adhesion and migration of dissociated
      rabbit epithelial cells. In a kinetic analysis fibronectin was found to be the
      most effective of the three proteins in promoting cell adhesion. Cell adhesion
      promoted by fibronectin could be modulated by an arg-gly-asp-ser (RGDS) peptide,
      a sequence which is found within the fibronectin molecule. In dose-response
      experiments type IV collagen effectively promoted cell adhesion at concentrations
      as low as 4 x 10(-16) moles per well in 96 well tissue culture plates. Type IV
      collagen was the most effective protein tested in promoting chemotactic and
      haptotactic migration. These proteins, proteolytic fragments, and peptides
      derived from them, could prove useful as therapeutic agents, modifying corneal
      epithelial phenotypic behavior in wound healing, corneal transplantation and
      following ocular surgery or trauma.

PMID- 3359815
TI  - Organ culture of rabbit cornea: morphological analyses.
AB  - Tissues maintained in vitro often undergo changes in the pattern of protein
      synthesis that result in the deposition of macromolecules quantitatively or
      qualitatively unrelated to those normally synthesized. In these preliminary
      studies, we modified published techniques to maintain adult and neonate rabbit
      corneas in vitro for 24 to 48 h. Measurements of corneal wet weight, and
      histologic and ultrastructural analyses were made to determine the success of
      maintaining rabbit corneas in culture. The results show that rabbit corneas can
      maintain normal corneal hydration and tissue structure for at least 48 h when
      incubated in Coon's modification of Ham's F12, 5% fetal or newborn calf serum, 2
      mM glutamine, and 2% chondroitin sulfate or 2% 50 kDa dextran sulfate at 37
      degrees C in a 5% CO2/air atmosphere. In addition, we confirmed previous
      observations that corneal explants must have a 1 to 2 mm rim of limbal sclera,
      and the organ placed in the culture dish with the epithelial side down to guard
      against damage and insure endothelial functioning. Normal ultrastructure of
      neonate rabbit cornea is also maintained when organ-cultured with these
      procedures. Moreover, neonate corneas continue to synthesize collagen in culture.

PMID- 3359816
TI  - Left ventricular function and prognosis in patients suspected of acute myocardial
      infarction but without confirmed diagnosis. The risk of cardiac events related to
      echocardiography, systolic time intervals, and chest x-ray.
AB  - The prognosis following discharge, with cardiac events as endpoint, was related
      to left ventricular function in 217 patients admitted with a suspicion of acute
      myocardial infarction (AMI), but in whom the diagnosis was not confirmed (non-AMI
      patients). The investigations used were echocardiography, systolic time
      intervals, and chest X-ray. During follow-up (median 14 months, range 12-24
      months), 18 cardiac events occurred, i.e. non-fatal AMI or cardiac death. The
      prognosis for non-AMI patients was only slightly better than for patients with
      confirmed AMI (p = 0.05). The prognosis for non-AMI patients was significantly
      related to a decreased left ventricular function. Measurements of relative heart
      volume or mitral septal separation on echocardiography gave significant
      information about prognosis. The percentage without cardiac events after one year
      was 88.0 in patients with cardiomegaly versus 96.8 in those with normal heart
      size (p = 0.029). We conclude that non-AMI patients with decreased left
      ventricular function are at increased risk of cardiac events following discharge.

PMID- 3359817
TI  - Prevalence of IgG-antibodies to mumps and measles virus in non-vaccinated
      children.
AB  - The prevalence of mumps and measles IgG antibodies in a randomly selected
      population of children was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA) before routine measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination was introduced in
      Denmark. Testing of sera from about 2,520 Danish children between one and 17
      years of age showed that mumps antibodies were acquired at an early age. The peak
      acquisition rate was between the ages of four and five; before the age of 15, 90%
      of children had antibodies to mumps. Immunity to measles occurred at an even
      earlier age; more than 50% of four-year-old and nearly all (98%) nine-year-old
      children had IgG antibodies to measles virus. The study showed that about 10% of
      the young adult Danish population was still susceptible to mumps infection
      whereas only about 1% of individuals at age 17 had not acquired immunity to
      measles virus.

PMID- 3359818
TI  - Health effects of toluene exposure.
AB  - The impact of industrial toluene exposure was assessed in 262 male employees of
      two Danish photographic printing plants. The study involved assessment of acute
      and chronic exposure based on a scoring system, standardised questions,
      measurement of blood pressure, pulmonary functions, and the plasma concentrations
      of urate, creatinine, creatine kinase, alanine-aminotransferase, FSH, LH,
      testosterone, sexual hormone binding globulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and
      cortisole (following synacthen). The potentially confounding factors: age,
      weight, height, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking were included in
      statistical analysis which showed that systolic blood pressure (p less than
      0.01), P-P-FSH (p less than 0.001), dizziness (p less than 0.0001), decreased
      ability to concentrate (p less than 0.001), and dizziness during the past year (p
      less than 0.01) were correlated with the exposure score. Following six weeks
      without exposure, systolic blood pressure and P-ALAT decreased, the latter being
      correlated with the exposure score.

PMID- 3359819
TI  - Clinical usefulness of lymphocyte transformation in patients with
      coccidioidomycosis.
AB  - The development of an appropriate host defense in coccidioidomycosis is
      predicated on the presence of a positive delayed skin test reaction to
      coccidioidin. In severe and/or disseminated disease, coccidioidin reactions are
      routinely negative. By employing serial in vitro spherulin-induced lymphocyte
      blast transformation (LT) studies in a group of eight severely-ill
      coccidioidomycosis patients, prognostic clinical data were provided which could
      not have been obtained from their skin test status alone. Four of the eight
      demonstrated positive LT responses early in the course of their disease, quickly
      converted their skin tests to positive, and were cured of their disease. Two
      patients had negative LT responses until their skin test converted after several
      months of therapy. The final two have continued to demonstrate negative LT values
      despite several years of therapy and have experienced exacerbations of their
      disease when treatment was discontinued. The use of LT data in such patients can
      be very helpful in guiding therapeutic decisions in this difficult clinical
      problem.

PMID- 3359821
TI  - Racial or ethnic variation in spirometric lung function norms. Recommendations
      based on study of Ethiopian Jews.
AB  - It is widely known that different ethnic (or racial) groups do not appear to have
      lung function test results which fit the same prediction formulae. Israel, with
      ethnic minorities from many countries, is faced with a dilemma as to what to use
      as a basis for normative estimates. We studied 146 Ethiopian Jewish immigrants
      (68 males and 78 females), all nonsmokers with no evidence of any chronic
      disease. The FEV1 and FVC were analyzed separately by sex and age (those less
      than 25 and those 25 years or more of age). Standard prediction formulae based on
      height overpredicted the values found by from 15 to 29 percent. Logarithmic
      formulae based on sitting height provided a good fit for values for children
      (less than 25 years). Compared to other populations the sitting height-standing
      height ratio was low for this population, (0.48 vs 0.52) reflecting their
      relatively long limbs and shorter thoracic height. Our findings suggest that as a
      guideline, ethnic groups with deviant standing height-sitting height ratios
      either use ethnic-group specific prediction formulae or derive prediction
      formulae using sitting height.

PMID- 3359820
TI  - Bronchial leukocyte proteinase inhibitor levels in bronchial washings in asthma
      patients.
AB  - To evaluate whether epithelial damage of airways in asthma could be related to
      diminished levels of the low molecular weight bronchial leukocyte proteinase
      inhibitor (BLPI) in airways, we determined BLPI in bronchial washings of 13
      asthma patients and 13 healthy subjects, using a sensitive enzyme-linked
      immunoassay. The patients had asthma due to western red cedar and had bronchial
      washings done 24 to 48 hours after a mild to moderate asthmatic reaction induced
      by inhalation challenge. We did not find significant differences in BLPI
      concentrations in lavage fluid of asthma patients and healthy control subjects.
      The ratios of BLPI to albumin levels in bronchial washings appeared to be lower
      among asthmatic patients, but this difference was mainly due to an increase in
      albumin levels in lavage fluid in asthma. In addition, there were no significant
      differences in BLPI levels in washings obtained from main and segmental bronchi
      in both control subjects and asthma patients.

PMID- 3359822
TI  - Subclinical left ventricular abnormalities in young diabetics.
AB  - Twenty young asymptomatic diabetic patients were evaluated for left ventricular
      dysfunction by determining the radionuclide ejection fraction response to supine
      bicycle ergometry. The double product at peak exercise (28,743 +/- 3,314 vs
      29,007 +/- 3,625, p greater than .05) was not significantly different between the
      two groups. Seven of 20 diabetics had either no change or a drop in their
      ejection fraction during exercise while 1 of 20 control subjects had no change in
      ejection fraction. There was no correlation between the FBS (r = .26) and HbA1c
      (r = .32) and ejection fraction change during exercise, although those diabetics
      with LV dysfunction tended to have a higher HbA1c level as compared to diabetics
      with a normal response (16.8 +/- 3.1 percent vs 12.5 +/- 3.8 percent
      respectively, p greater than .05). The LV systolic dysfunction in young
      asymptomatic diabetic subjects does not appear to correlate with the degree of
      acute or chronic hyperglycemia, and therefore, is not a direct function of the
      dynamic metabolic state of diabetes.

PMID- 3359823
TI  - High frequency, high volume ventilation for right ventricular assist.
AB  - During ventilation, the lungs may serve as accessory pumps for forward blood
      flow. We have noted significant hemodynamic improvement in several patients
      during short periods of vigorous hand ventilation with the Ambu bag and tried to
      reproduce the hemodynamic improvement in the management of four patients with
      profound low cardiac output syndrome secondary to right ventricular (RV) failure
      following open heart surgery. High frequency, high volume (HFHV) ventilation
      resulted in improved hemodynamics in these patients, as evidenced by pulsatile
      pulmonary blood flow and increased cardiac output. Right-sided stroke work was
      present and there was a fall in mean central venous pressure (CVP) and rise in
      mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).

PMID- 3359824
TI  - Pulmonary function in normal subjects after bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Twenty seven healthy individuals were divided randomly into three groups. The
      first group of nine subjects received only a routine bronchoscopic examination.
      The second group of nine subjects was examined with the bronchoscope followed by
      bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with 200 ml of 25 degrees C normal saline solution.
      The third group of nine subjects received a bronchoscopic examination followed by
      BAL, but with 200 ml of 37 degrees C normal saline solution. Examination in all
      groups included arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and pulmonary function test
      (PFT), both pre- and post-procedure. In group 1 there was no statistical
      difference in the pulmonary function test result after routine bronchoscopic
      examination except for decrease in PaO2. The results in group 2 showed a
      statistical difference in both ABG and PFT data, especially PaO2, FEF 200-1200,
      FEF25%-75%, FEF25%, FEF50%, and FEF75%. In group 3, there was a significant
      decrease of PaO2 and no significant difference in PFT before and after BAL. From
      these data we conclude that BAL is a safe examination. However, the
      administration BAL fluid (BALF) with 25 degrees C normal saline solution can
      affect the results of the PFT significantly. Much of this adverse reaction can be
      minimized by using body temperature (37 degrees C) saline solution. At 37 degrees
      C, the ABG data showed a decrease in PaO2, but pulmonary function was not
      affected significantly.

PMID- 3359825
TI  - Defenders of the pulmonary artery catheter.

PMID- 3359826
TI  - Roentgenographic underestimation of early asbestosis by International Labor
      Organization classification. Analysis of data and probabilities.
AB  - We analyzed the limitations of the International Labor Organization (ILO)
      classification of chest roentgenograms in predicting the presence of
      histologically determined early asbestosis. The ILO system is arbitrary, without
      histologic correlates, and does not consider the asbestos exposure history or
      clinical and laboratory information. We present data from the literature and our
      own work which demonstrate that the application of the ILO classification to an
      asbestos-exposed individual can result in a 10 to 20 percent probability of a
      "normal" roentgenographic interpretation in the presence of significant
      asbestosis at the histologic level, leading to an inappropriate conclusion
      regarding the presence of asbestosis. In view of the data and statistical
      analysis presented, we suggest that sole reliance upon the ILO classified chest
      roentgenogram for determination of the presence of early pulmonary asbestosis in
      individual cases is inappropriate.

PMID- 3359827
TI  - Wish-fulfillment as a determinant in the interpretation of technology.

PMID- 3359828
TI  - Multiple pulmonary nodules in a 34-year-old woman. Endolymphatic stromal myosis.

PMID- 3359829
TI  - Hyperventilation and myocardial infarction.
AB  - Chest pain that is associated with hyperventilation is often considered to be
      benign and noncardiac in nature. While not commonly recognized, hyperventilation
      can provoke coronary vasospasm. We report a man who presented with
      hyperventilation and developed myocardial infarction. In the setting of
      hyperventilation, chest pain and ST segment elevation, coronary vasospasm must be
      considered.

PMID- 3359830
TI  - Pulmonary telangiectasia without hypoxemia.
AB  - We describe an elderly patient with an unusual presentation of hereditary
      hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) involving the lung. He had
      recurrent "pneumonia" caused by massive hemorrhage from endobronchial
      telangiectases. When stable, he was normoxic, had no evidence of right-to-left
      shunting, and had mild pulmonary arterial hypertension. His pulmonary
      telangiectases may be isolated to the bronchial circulation. We report
      hemodynamic data and show the first photographs of endobronchial telangiectases.

PMID- 3359831
TI  - Posterior mediastinal mass with intraspinous extension.
AB  - The differential diagnosis of masses in the posterior mediastinum includes
      neurogenic neoplasms, cysts, esophageal tumors, infectious processes including
      abscesses, and disorders of the thoracic spine. Nonoperative procedures,
      including transcutaneous and transbronchial biopsies and thoracoscopy, may not
      lead to a definitive diagnosis. We present two cases in which a neurogenic tumor,
      with and without significant spinal canal involvement, was diagnosed at
      thoracotomy after several nondiagnostic procedures. The appearance of the mass on
      chest roentgenogram can be used to narrow the preoperative differential diagnosis
      between ganglion-series and nerve-sheath tumors. The utility of computerized
      tomography of the chest, in addition to the chest roentgenogram, in assessing the
      bony involvement of the thoracic tumor is illustrated. The role of magnetic
      resonance imaging is yet to be fully defined in this entity. These lesions may be
      approached by separate thoracic and neurosurgical approaches, or by a combined,
      single-staged procedure. These cases and a review of the literature support the
      use of the single-staged approach.

PMID- 3359832
TI  - Cardiac arrest during dipyridamole imaging.
AB  - A case of cardiac arrest and subsequent acute myocardial infarction occurring
      during thallium-201 imaging with oral dipyridamole augmentation is presented.
      Previous reports emphasizing the safety of this procedure are briefly reviewed
      and a recommendation for close hemodynamic and arrhythmia monitoring during the
      study is made. Large doses of oral dipyridamole may be contraindicated in
      patients with unstable angina.

PMID- 3359833
TI  - Airway hyperreactivity in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.
AB  - Eosinophils were recently proposed to act as prime inflammation-producing cells
      in asthma. Tissue eosinophil infiltration is an important feature of another
      disease, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Airway reactivity was determined in two
      patients with the latter disease and both were found to be hyperreactive.

PMID- 3359834
TI  - Bronchiolitis obliterans. Unilateral fibrous obliteration of the lumen of bronchi
      with atelectasis.
AB  - We describe a child with collapse of the left lung. Results of pulmonary function
      studies showed FVC: 1.66 and FEV1: 1.53, both of which were 50 percent of normal.
      V-Q scan showed markedly reduced ventilation to the left lung. She underwent left
      pneumonectomy. Fibrous obliteration of cartilage-containing airways was seen
      throughout both lobes of the left lung.

PMID- 3359835
TI  - Diet-induced changes in trough theophylline concentrations in an elderly
      asthmatic patient.
AB  - A 66-year old obese man with asthma was given a hypocaloric (1100 Kcal) and low
      protein (35 g) diet for nine days. While receiving theophylline (Theodur), 200 mg
      bid, his morning trough theophylline concentrations rose from 3.40 micrograms/ml
      to 12.7 micrograms/ml by day 9 of this diet. Following discontinuation, his
      theophylline concentration fell to 5.95 micrograms/ml by day 6 on home diet. The
      patient lost 3.67 kg during the nine-day study. Thus, a brief exposure to a
      hypocaloric, low protein diet in this elderly patient with asthma caused a
      dramatic rise in trough theophylline concentrations.

PMID- 3359836
TI  - Pulmonary artery catheters.

PMID- 3359837
TI  - Malignant pleural mesothelioma and thoracic needle biopsy.

PMID- 3359838
TI  - Removal of foreign bodies in children.

PMID- 3359839
TI  - Metal fume fever and asthma.

PMID- 3359840
TI  - Breakage of Nd-YAG laser sapphire contact probe inside the endobronchial tree.

PMID- 3359841
TI  - Complications of nasogastric tube insertion.

PMID- 3359842
TI  - Chest radiographs cannot identify airflow obstruction.

PMID- 3359843
TI  - Obesity, gender and sleep.

PMID- 3359844
TI  - Thoracic empyema--back to basics.

PMID- 3359845
TI  - Depressed left ventricular performance. Response to volume infusion in patients
      with sepsis and septic shock.
AB  - Volume infusion, to increase preload and to enhance ventricular performance, is
      accepted as initial management of septic shock. Recent evidence has demonstrated
      depressed myocardial function in human septic shock. We analyzed left ventricular
      performance during volume infusion using serial data from simultaneously obtained
      pulmonary artery catheter hemodynamic measurements and radionuclide
      cineangiography. Critically ill control subjects (n = 14), patients with sepsis
      but without shock (n = 21), and patients with septic shock (n = 21) had prevolume
      infusion hemodynamic measurements determined and received statistically similar
      volumes of fluid resulting in similar increases in pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure. There was a strong trend (p = 0.004) toward less of a change in left
      ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) after volume infusion in patients with
      sepsis and septic shock compared with control subjects. The LVSWI response after
      volume infusion was significantly less in patients with septic shock when
      compared with critically ill control subjects (p less than 0.05). These data
      demonstrate significantly altered ventricular performance, as measured by LVSWI,
      in response to volume infusion in patients with septic shock.

PMID- 3359847
TI  - Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Despite the recognition of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection as a
      common complication of AIDS, the specific clinical features, significance, and
      need for treatment have been difficult to assess. We reviewed the clinical
      records and autopsy material of 68 patients dying with AIDS, 32 (47 percent) of
      whom had MAC isolated from autopsy tissue. All had postmortem evidence of
      systemic infection. Eleven (34 percent) had MAC isolated from lung tissue.
      Little, if any, local tissue inflammation and destruction were associated with
      MAC infection. Patients with autopsy evidence of MAC infection had a longer time
      interval from diagnosis of AIDS to death. The infection was detected antemortem
      in 14 (44 percent), blood culture being the most sensitive means (86 percent
      yield). Although recurrent fever was noted among both MAC infected and uninfected
      patients, weight loss greater than 20 lb, weakness, anorexia, abdominal pain, and
      diarrhea were more frequent among infected patients. Severe anemia,
      thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and reduced mean CD-4 percentages and CD-4/CD-8
      ratios were associated with MAC infection. Of eight patients who had MAC cultured
      antemortem and received multidrug antituberculosis therapy, none responded
      clinically, and all but one had MAC isolated at autopsy. Because MAC is
      associated with significant discomfort and disability, development of more
      effective treatment regimens could be beneficial for some affected AIDS patients.

PMID- 3359846
TI  - Histoplasmosis in patients at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in
      a nonendemic setting.
AB  - We reviewed 18 cases of histoplasmosis in patients at risk for the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome seen at two New York City hospitals in the past 3 1/2
      years. Seventeen patients were Hispanic, including 13 born in Puerto Rico and
      three in South America. Clinical presentation was subacute, with high fever,
      weight loss, and mild respiratory symptoms with well-maintained gas exchange.
      Five patients had normal chest roentgenograms. The most common chest
      roentgenographic abnormality was diffuse small nodules. A rapid diagnosis was
      established histologically in 72 percent of patients, most commonly by
      transbronchial lung biopsy; cultures were positive in 94 percent of patients
      while serology was positive in five of six patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
      was a concurrent, often unrecognized, pathogen in six cases. Most patients
      responded to amphotericin therapy. Histoplasmosis may represent an early sign of
      altered host immunity in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3359848
TI  - Airway responsiveness to histamine in patients refractory to repeated exercise.
AB  - To investigate the mechanisms contributing to refractoriness in exercise-induced
      asthma (EIA), airway responsiveness to histamine was studied in eight asthmatic
      patients. Patients were included in the study on the basis of their refractory
      response to multiple exercise challenges. Incremental challenges with inhaled
      histamine were performed at rest and 40 minutes after single and paired exercise
      tests. The geometric mean histamine concentration required to produce a 20
      percent fall in FEV1 (PC20) for the challenge after paired exercise test (4.34
      mg/ml) was significantly higher (p greater than 0.001) than those for the
      challenges after a single exercise (1.05 mg/ml) and for the challenge at rest
      (0.67 mg/ml). There was no significant difference between PC20 values at rest and
      after a single exercise test (p greater than 0.05). The results show that the
      response to histamine is reduced during the refractory period following paired
      exercise test.

PMID- 3359849
TI  - Perioperative respiratory therapy (PORT). A program of preoperative risk
      assessment and individualized postoperative care.
AB  - In an effort to contain the expense of respiratory therapy modalities as well as
      to provide the level of respiratory care most appropriate for postoperative
      patients, we devised a perioperative respiratory therapy program (PORT). We
      describe the response of 1,476 consecutive patients treated by our Respiratory
      Care Department prior to and during the first year of PORT. Surgical procedures
      were divided into ten categories. The PORT group had significantly lower cost
      than the non-PORT group in two of the categories, with a significantly higher
      cost in one. We describe the advantages of PORT, which were identified by
      participating surgeons, respiratory therapists, and patients. We present a
      simple, bedside, risk assessment form which enabled us to predict the risk of
      postoperative pulmonary complications and to provide more aggressive respiratory
      therapy interventions to higher-risk patients.

PMID- 3359850
TI  - Sex differences in awake ventilatory drive and abnormal breathing during sleep in
      eucapnic obesity.
AB  - We studied hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives in 22 eucapnic obese
      subjects (14 female and eight male subjects) referred for weight reduction
      therapy and 23 normal subjects (eight female and 15 male subjects). In the female
      subjects, both occlusion pressure, currently used as an indicator of ventilatory
      drive, and ventilatory responses to hypoxia, as well as occlusion pressure
      response to hypercapnia, were significantly greater in the obese than in the
      normal subjects; however, no significant differences in these responses between
      male obese and male normal subjects were observed, except for the hypoxic
      occlusion pressure response. We also studied disordered breathing during sleep in
      the obese subjects, and male predominance in abnormal breathing and oxygen
      desaturation was noted. These results showed that obese female subjects increased
      their hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensitivities against their body mass loading,
      which was not evident in obese male subjects. The relatively depressed
      chemosensitivities of the latter may be related to disordered breathing and
      oxygen desaturation during sleep.

PMID- 3359851
TI  - Clinical prediction of airways hyperresponsiveness.
AB  - We tested the ability of chest physicians to detect increased airways
      responsiveness (IAR) in patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of asthma.
      Physicians ordering bronchial provocation tests for diagnostic purposes were
      asked to predict the clinical probability (based on the patient's history,
      examination, and spirometry) of IAR (defined by a PC20 for FEV1 less than or
      equal to 8 mg/ml of histamine). Presenting symptoms in the 38 subjects aged 16 to
      78 years included cough, wheeze, dyspnea, chest tightness, and recurrent colds.
      There was no association between IAR and clinical probability dichotomized as
      less than or equal to 50 percent or greater than 50 percent (p = .16, Fisher
      test). The association was no stronger using only subjects in whom the clinical
      prediction was greater than 67 percent or less than 33 percent. If knowledge of
      the level of airway reactivity would influence subsequent patient management (eg,
      prescription of antiasthmatic therapy), then its clinical prediction should not
      be relied upon.

PMID- 3359852
TI  - Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of chest lesions. New instrument and new
      technique.
AB  - From March 1986 to April 1987, 70 percutaneous needle aspiration (PCNA)
      procedures were performed in 66 consecutive patients. Seven immunocompromised
      patients had the procedure performed to obtain culture material from the lung,
      and 59 patients with chest lesions were analyzed. This includes 49 patients with
      either a lung nodule or mass. In the remaining ten patients, there were three
      chest wall or pleural lesions, two aortic pulmonary window lesions, two right
      hilar lesions, and three anterior mediastinal lesions. Forty of these 59 patients
      were ultimately proven to have a malignancy. The diagnostic yield for malignant
      disease by cytology and histology of PCNA was 97.5 percent (39 of 40). Twelve
      patients had a final diagnosis of benign disease. The diagnostic yield in benign
      diseases by PCNA was 91.6 percent (11 of 12). The remaining seven patients do not
      yet have a final diagnosis, though the clinical course favors benign disease in
      six of these patients. We attribute the major reason for this high specific
      diagnostic yield in both malignant and benign diseases to the ability of
      obtaining histologic specimens for interpretation.

PMID- 3359853
TI  - Legal and social work approaches to sibling separation in foster care.
AB  - As an important subsystem in the families of child welfare clients, siblings
      deserve greater attention. This article identifies gaps in our knowledge about
      siblings, notes social trends that call for increased responsiveness to their
      needs, and reviews social work and legal opinions concerning their separation in
      foster care. The perspectives of the two professions are compared, and
      implications for child welfare are considered.

PMID- 3359854
TI  - Successful foster parent recruiting: a voluntary agency effort.
AB  - Foster parent recruiting is becoming increasingly difficult. The authors provide
      an important description of a successful alternative foster parent recruitment
      effort, including the provision of fiscal incentives for foster parent
      recruiters.

PMID- 3359856
TI  - Trashing.

PMID- 3359855
TI  - Social services and social support: blended programs for families at risk of
      child maltreatment.
AB  - Social support, increasingly put forth as a fundamental in helping multiproblem
      families to avoid placement, is a complex construct not easy to define and far
      more difficult to carry out conceptually and practically. This article describes
      four family support programs that illustrate certain common denominators for
      implementation.

PMID- 3359857
TI  - Designing effective programs.
AB  - Important in the development of research-based practice models is the impact on
      them of program design. In this article, the concept of program design is reduced
      to elements that can be examined for their reliability, validity, relevance, and
      internal consistency. Defining these elements contributes to understanding what
      types of interventions have what effects on what types of clients with what types
      of problems.

PMID- 3359858
TI  - Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority.
AB  - This study assessed adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority.
      Subjects were 102 children ranging from fifth to twelfth grade (age range = 10.2
      18.3 years) from 2-parent families and their parents. They were divided into 4
      groups according to children's grade level. Subjects were presented with 15 items
      pertaining to family transgressions (4 moral, 4 conventional, 3 personal, and 4
      multifaceted, containing conventional and personal components). For each act,
      subjects were asked to judge the legitimacy of parental jurisdiction, justify its
      wrongness or permissibility, and assess its contingency on parental authority. As
      expected, all family members treated both moral and conventional issues as more
      legitimately subject to parental jurisdiction than multifaceted and personal
      issues. With increasing age of the adolescent, both parents and children became
      less likely to reason about the multifaceted and personal issues as conventional
      and sort them as contingent on parental authority; they became more likely to
      reason about and sort them as under the adolescents' personal jurisdiction.
      Adolescents at all ages, however, were more likely to reason about the
      multifaceted and personal issues as personal and sort them as under personal
      jurisdiction than were parents. Parents were more likely to reason conventionally
      and sort them as contingent on parental authority than were adolescents. These
      findings are discussed in terms of research on adolescent development,
      individuation, and social-cognitive development.

PMID- 3359859
TI  - Longitudinally foretelling drug usage in adolescence: early childhood personality
      and environmental precursors.
AB  - Drug usage in early adolescence (age 14) was related to concurrent and preschool
      personality characteristics for a sample of 54 girls and 51 boys. The personality
      concomitants and antecedents of drug use differed somewhat as a function of
      gender and the drug used. At age 14, for both sexes, the use of marijuana was
      related to ego undercontrol, while the use of harder drugs reflected an absence
      of ego-resiliency, with undercontrol also a contributing factor. At ages 3/4,
      subsequent adolescent drug usage in girls related to both undercontrol and lower
      ego-resiliency. In boys, adolescent drug usage related strongly, during their
      nursery school years, to undercontrol and with resiliency having no long-term
      implications. Early family environment related to adolescent drug usage in girls
      but not in boys. Drug usage in adolescent girls was related to homes earlier
      identified as unstructured and laissez-faire, where there was little pressure to
      achieve. Drug usage related to other substance use and, in boys, to IQ decline
      from age 11 to age 18. Implications of these results for contemporary views
      regarding adolescent drug usage are discussed.

PMID- 3359860
TI  - A longitudinal study of negative emotional states and adjustment from early
      childhood through adolescence.
AB  - The relations among various negative emotional and behavioral characteristics
      (e.g., aggression, anxiety, undercompliance, depressive mood) and adjustment were
      examined through use of data from the 31-year-old New York Longitudinal Study. 75
      white, middle-class children were rated on these negative characteristics from
      infancy to adolescence. Measures of family, peer, and personal adjustment were
      also obtained. Because of the longitudinal nature of the data, we were able to
      use structural equation models to address the following questions: (1) How stable
      are these negative behaviors from early life through adolescence? (2) What is the
      degree of relation between these emotional characteristics and adjustment in
      childhood and adolescence? and (3) To what degree do these emotional
      characteristics differentially predict multiple adjustment dimensions in
      adolescence? 2 factors of negative emotional behavior, labeled as Aggression and
      Affect, respectively, were identified in early and late childhood and were found
      to have relatively high stability of individual differences. Aggression
      significantly predicted adolescent maladjustment, whereas Affect had no
      independent prediction of maladjustment. Moreover, emotional problems provided
      better prediction of adolescent adjustment problems than did earlier childhood
      adjustment ratings.

PMID- 3359861
TI  - A developmental analysis of elementary school-aged children's concepts of pride
      and embarrassment.
AB  - Developmental changes in conditions engendering pride and embarrassment were
      explored. Subjects included 41 adults and 189 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old
      children from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Subjects were asked to report events
      that had made them feel proud, embarrassed, happy, and sad. Content analyses of
      responses concerning pride and embarrassment indicated that references to
      noncontingent, uncontrollable events decreased with age, but most 5-year-olds
      understood that feelings of pride and, to a lesser extent, embarrassment result
      primarily from outcomes controlled by and contingent on one's own behavior or
      characteristics. Responses of children in all 4 age groups and adults suggest
      that an audience is important for both pride and embarrassment, but particularly
      for embarrassment. An audience and external reinforcement were more important in
      children's than in adults' reports of pride. Developmental change was found in
      the standards used to evaluate emotional experiences; references to social
      comparison increased with age and references to mastery decreased.

PMID- 3359862
TI  - Lessons from television: children's word learning when viewing.
AB  - The study investigated if preschoolers can learn novel words when viewing
      television and if the learning is influenced by age or type of word. 61
      preschoolers, ages 3 and 5, were assigned to either an experimental or control
      group. They viewed a 15-min television program, featuring 20 different novel
      words, 5 each in the 4 categories of object, action, attribute, and affective
      state words. Comprehension was tested before and after viewing. The experimental
      group performed better than the controls for object, action, and attribute words.
      5-year-olds were more accurate than 3-year-olds and gained relatively more from
      the experimental condition. The easiest words to learn were object and attribute
      words. The results are relevant for studies of media effects and accounts of
      preschoolers' "fast mapping" of new words.

PMID- 3359863
TI  - What is the role of reinforcement in early language acquisition?
AB  - Monolingual American and Mexican 2- and 3-year-old children were exposed to a
      foreign language in a naturalistic but controlled environment. Children were
      randomly assigned to 2 groups. 1 group was differentially reinforced throughout
      the study for the use of foreign vocabulary. The control group was first
      reinforced nondifferentially for use of the native language or the foreign
      language and later was switched to differential reinforcement for the foreign
      language. Frequencies of spontaneous foreign word production and other verbal
      responses were computed, and formal assessments of comprehension and production
      of the foreign words were conducted. Differential reinforcement resulted in
      accelerating frequencies of spontaneous foreign language use and better
      performance on both comprehension and production tests. Under nondifferential
      reinforcement, rates of spontaneous foreign language use were low and static.
      Results are interpreted as evidence that the acquisition of expressive vocabulary
      is a function of socially mediated reinforcement.

PMID- 3359864
TI  - The role of audition in infant babbling.
AB  - The traditional belief that audition plays only a minor role in infant vocal
      development depends upon evidence that deaf infants produce the same kinds of
      babbling sounds as hearing infants. Evidence in support of this position has been
      very limited. A more extensive comparison of vocal development in deaf and
      hearing infants indicates that the traditional belief is in error. Well-formed
      syllable production is established in the first 10 months of life by hearing
      infants but not by deaf infants, indicating that audition plays an important role
      in vocal development. The difference between babbling in the deaf and hearing is
      apparent if infant vocal sounds are observed from a metaphonological perspective,
      a view that takes account of the articulatory/acoustic patterns of speech sounds
      in all mature spoken languages.

PMID- 3359865
TI  - Expectation and anticipation of dynamic visual events by 3.5-month-old babies.
AB  - We report an investigation of the development of visual expectancies in 3.5-month
      old infants. One of the infant's eyes was videorecorded as the infant watched a
      series of slides that were presented noncontingent on behavior. Babies were
      presented an alternating and an irregular series of 30 slides with a 700-msec
      onset duration separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI). The ISI for the
      alternating series was 1,100 msec, whereas the slides for the irregular series
      were separated by 900, 1,100, or 1,300 msec, randomly ordered. One-half of the
      babies saw the irregular series first, and one-half saw the regular series first.
      Babies in both groups provided evidence that they developed expectations for the
      visual events in the alternating series. Their reaction times (RTs) declined
      significantly from 3-5 "baseline" presentations, and their RTs were reliably
      faster during the alternating than the irregular series. Additionally, babies in
      the alternating-late group had significantly more stimulus anticipations during
      the alternating than during the irregular series. These findings indicate that
      3.5-month-olds can detect regularity in a spatiotemporal series, will develop
      expectancies for events in the series, and will act on the basis of those
      expectancies even when those actions have no effect on the stimulus events. We
      believe that infants are motivated to develop expectations for noncontrollable
      spatiotemporal events, because these expectations permit them to bring their
      visual behavior under partial internal control.

PMID- 3359866
TI  - Pointing at objects in other rooms: young children's sensitivity to perspective
      after walking with and without vision.
AB  - Locomotion alters the spatial structure of an observer's perspective, that is,
      the network of observer to environment distances and directions. The purpose of
      the present 6 experiments was to investigate the sensitivity of 12-48-month-olds
      to changes in perspective that are occluded from view by walls and by darkness.
      To assess sensitivity, children were shown a target object in one room, walked
      into an adjacent room and asked to point in the straight-line direction at the
      target. In Experiment 1, 42 12-48-month-olds were tested and results indicated
      that children older than 36 months responded by pointing straight at the occluded
      target, whereas younger children tended to point in the direction of their route
      away from the target. In Experiments 2-4, 24- and 48-month-olds were tested and
      results demonstrated that 48-month-olds were sensitive to the proprioceptive and
      to the visual-environmental cues for the changes in perspective structure. The 24
      month-olds, however, responded by pointing straight toward the target when visual
      environmental cues were absent, whereas they pointed in the direction of their
      route when they were present. In Experiments 5 and 6 additional 24-month-olds
      were tested to assess the effects of short-term training and of a continuous view
      of the target on responding in the presence of visual-environmental cues. The
      results indicated relatively early sensitivity to proprioceptive cues for changes
      in perspective and somewhat later sensitivity to appropriate visual-environmental
      cues under these conditions.

PMID- 3359867
TI  - Newborn pain cries and vagal tone: parallel changes in response to circumcision.
AB  - Clinical studies have demonstrated that the cries of chronically stressed,
      medically compromised infants are characteristically higher and more variable in
      pitch than those of healthy infants. Other studies have indicated that the vagal
      tone of chronically stressed infants is significantly reduced in comparison to
      that of normal infants. A neural model of cry production has been proposed which
      suggests that decreased vagal tone among infants at risk may, in fact, be related
      to these increases in cry pitch. Using routine, unanesthetized circumcision as a
      model of stress, we were able to examine the relation between cry acoustics and
      vagal tone in normal, healthy newborns undergoing an acutely stressful event.
      Vocalizations, heart, and respiratory waveforms were continuously recorded from
      49 (32 experimental; 17 control) 1-2-day-old, full-term infants during
      preoperative, surgical, and postoperative periods. Vagal tone, as measured by the
      amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia extracted from heart period data, was
      significantly reduced during the severe stress of circumcision, and these
      reductions were paralleled by significant increases in the pitch of the infants'
      cries. In addition, individual differences in vagal tone measured prior to
      circumcision surgery were predictive of physiological and acoustic reactivity to
      subsequent stress. These results emphasize the potential role of vagal control of
      the autonomic nervous system during stress.

PMID- 3359868
TI  - Social referencing in infancy: a glance at fathers and marriage.
AB  - Social referencing refers to the tendency of a person to look to a significant
      other in an ambiguous situation in order to obtain clarifying information. The
      aims of the study were to assess the extent to which infants use fathers as
      referencing targets, and to assess the familial context that might mediate
      referencing to both parents. 40 11-month-old infants were observed once with
      their mothers and once with their fathers in a 15-min social referencing
      situation that involved entrance of a female stranger as the ambiguous stimulus.
      Infants used their fathers and mothers as referencing targets to an equal extent.
      Additionally, marital satisfaction was found to be a significant modifier of
      referencing. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that paternal marital
      satisfaction predicted social referencing to fathers as well as to mothers; no
      effect was found for maternal marital satisfaction alone. This suggests that in
      order to better understand early socioemotional development, it is necessary to
      consider the interdependence among various relationships within the family.

PMID- 3359869
TI  - Empirical classification of infant-mother relationships from interactive behavior
      and crying during reunion.
AB  - Multiple discriminant function analysis (MDFA) was conducted with data from 255
      Strange Situations conducted and scored by Ainsworth and her colleagues. Cross
      validated discriminant functions and classification weights were obtained,
      allowing attachment classifications (A, B, C) to be assigned directly from scores
      on interactive behavior and crying during reunion episodes. In the past,
      classification agreement within laboratories has often been used as a training
      criterion. Unfortunately, this does not insure that classification criteria
      agreed upon within a laboratory are comparable across laboratories, nor does it
      insure that agreed upon criteria will yield the same classifications that would
      have been assigned by the researchers who developed the scoring system. The
      present results enable researchers who have mastered the scoring systems for
      reunion behavior and crying to obtain attachment classifications directly from
      scores on these variables. Alternatively, this procedure may be used to guide the
      training of, and validate classification decisions by, local judges.

PMID- 3359870
TI  - Abilities and neural mechanisms underlying AB performance.
AB  - Schacter, Moscovitch, Tulving, McLachlan, and Freedman propose that infants may
      make the AB error because of immaturity of the memory system damaged in amnesia
      (e.g., the hippocampus). They contrast this with the proposal that infants may
      make the AB error because of immaturity of the frontal lobe system (Diamond;
      Diamond & Goldman-Rakic). Schacter et al.'s choice of subjects, however, did not
      permit a test of these 2 proposals, and characteristics of their task, such as
      length of delay, make comparison with infants difficult. Schacter et al. discuss
      sensitivity to proactive interference as a possible explanation for the AB error,
      but sensitivity to PI is more closely associated with frontal lobe damage than
      with amnesia. Schacter et al. associate perseveration with immaturity or damage
      to the frontal lobe; it is suggested here that this is better characterized as
      lack of inhibitory control. Tasks that are most likely to require frontal cortex
      function are those that demand both short-term memory and inhibitory control. AB
      is an excellent example of such a task.

PMID- 3359871
TI  - [Penetrating heart injuries].
AB  - On personal experience of 6 cases and literature review the management of
      penetrating precordial wounds is discussed. The importance of clinical science,
      as shock and high central venous pressure, in the indication of emergency
      thoracotomy is outlined.

PMID- 3359872
TI  - [Echinococcus cyst of the thyroid gland. A case report].

PMID- 3359873
TI  - [Emphysematous cholecystitis as a rare cause of acute abdomen].

PMID- 3359875
TI  - [Anorectal manometry with the microtransducer].

PMID- 3359874
TI  - [Persistent external biliary fistula in inadequate search for obstruction. A case
      report].

PMID- 3359876
TI  - [Laser endoscopy in photodynamic therapy].

PMID- 3359877
TI  - [Multiple colorectal cancers: properties and long-term prognosis].
AB  - In our own patient population with primary colorectal cancer (n = 1352, 1971
      1984) we analyzed the frequency, characteristics and prognosis of multiple
      carcinomas. The overall incidence was 7.3% (4.5% synchronous and 2.8%
      metachronous carcinomas). Compared to single cancer synchronous tumors had a
      worse and metachronous tumors had a better 5 year-prognosis (58%, 43% and 86%
      respectively). This suggests that synchronous and metachronous colorectal
      carcinomas may be two biologically separate entities. Conclusions from our
      observations are discussed in regard to diagnosis, therapy and follow-up.

PMID- 3359878
TI  - Structural analysis of the mitotic cycle in pre-gastrula Xenopus embryos.
AB  - The long-known phenomenon of karyomere (chromosome vesicle) formation at early
      telophase of the nuclear cycle during early embryogenesis of a wide range of
      organisms including amphibians (Rubaschkin 1905; for review, see Richards 1917)
      was investigated in the early cleavage cycles of Xenopus laevis embryos before
      the mid blastula transition. Embryos were fixed and Epon embedded at successive
      time intervals and consecutive thick (3 micron) and ultrathin sections cut. Using
      conventional light microscopy at low magnification as well as phase and/or
      interference contrast video microscopy at high magnification, a substantial
      amount of information could be obtained from the analysis of optical sections in
      thick-sectioned material. In addition, details of the ultrastructural
      organization could be analysed from corresponding ultrathin sections by electron
      microscopy. The light microscopic analysis of serial thick sections allowed
      precise determination of the arrangement and sizes of telophase karyomere
      structures during the embryonic nuclear division cycle. It was found that small,
      widely spaced 1st order karyomeres fuse to larger (2nd order) karyomeres which
      then progressively exhibit lateral fusion of neighbouring karyomeres. The final
      coalescence of adjacent karyomeres marks the onset of the reorganization of the
      typical interphase nuclear structure. The data are discussed with regard to the
      occurrence of karyomeres during the embryonic nuclear cycle of arthropods,
      dipteran insects, and echinoderms as well as recent progress in the use of
      Xenopus egg extracts for in vitro assembly of nuclear structures around protein
      free DNA.

PMID- 3359879
TI  - The CBA mouse as a model for age-related aneuploidy in man: studies of oocyte
      maturation, spindle formation and chromosome alignment during meiosis.
AB  - To elucidate the possible mechanism of disturbances in chromosome segregation
      leading to the increase in aneuploidy in oocytes of aged females we examined the
      meiotic spindles of CBA/Ca mice. Employing immunofluorescence with an anti
      tubulin antibody, and human scleroderma serum, as well as 4'-6-diamidino-2
      phenylindole (DAPI) staining of chromosomes the microtubular cytoskeleton could
      be visualized, and the behaviour of chromosomes and centromeres of oocytes
      spontaneously maturing in vitro could be studied. The morphology of spindles
      during the first meiotic division was not conspicuously different in oocytes from
      young and aged mice as far as the cytoskeletal elements were concerned. Neither
      multipolar spindles nor pronounced cytoplasmic asters appeared in oocytes of mice
      approaching the end of their reproductive life (9 months and older). Oocytes of
      aged females also did not exhibit any sign of premature separation of parental
      chromosomes at prophase, obvious malorientations of bivalents, or significant
      lagging of chromosomes during ana- and telophase. Metaphase I with all bivalents
      aligned at the spindle equator appeared to be a relatively brief stage in oocyte
      development compared with pro- and prometaphase. Therefore, already slight
      disturbances occurring in the timing of the developmental programme which leads
      to a premature anaphase transition may be responsible for the high incidence of
      chromosomally unbalanced gametes in aged females, rather than non-separation and
      lagging of chromosomes during late ana- and telophase. In a second set of
      experiments we compared the metaphase II spindles of spontaneously ovulated
      oocytes obtained from animals at different ages. Previous studies have shown that
      spindle length and chromosome alignment may be altered in cells predisposed to
      aneuploidy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359880
TI  - Karyotypic conservation in the mammalian order monotremata (subclass
      Prototheria).
AB  - The order Monotremata, comprising the platypus and two species of echidna
      (Australian and Nuigini) is the only extant representative of the mammalian
      subclass Prototheria, which diverged from subclass Theria (marsupials and
      placental mammals) 150-200 million years ago. The 2n = 63 male, 64 female
      karyotype (newly described here) of the Nuigini echidna is almost identical in
      morphology and G-band pattern to that of the Australian echidna, from which it
      diverged about a million years ago. The karyotype of the platypus (2n = 52) has
      several features in common with those of the echidna species; six pairs of large
      autosomes, many pairs of small (but not micro-) chromosomes, and a series of
      small unpaired chromosomes which form a multivalent at meiosis. Comparison of the
      G-band patterns of platypus and echidna autosomes reveals considerable homology.
      Chromomycin banding demonstrates GC-rich heterochromatin at the centromeres of
      many platypus and echidna chromosomes, and at the nucleolar organizing regions;
      some of this heterochromatin C-bands weakly in platypus (but not echidna)
      spreads. Late replication banding patterns resemble G-banding patterns and
      confirm the homologies between the species. Striking heteromorphism between
      chromosomes of some of the large autosomal pairs can be accounted for in the
      echidna by differences in amount of chromomycin-bright, late replicating
      heterochromatin. The sex chromosomes in all three species also bear striking
      homology, despite the difference in sex determination mechanism between platypus
      (XX/XY) and the echidna species (X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y). The platypus X and echidna X1
      each represent about 5.8% of haploid chromosome length, and are G-band identical.
      Y chromosomes are similar between species, and are largely homologous to the X
      (or X1).

PMID- 3359881
TI  - Research and the aging population.

PMID- 3359882
TI  - Health and ageing in the developing world.
AB  - Although ageing is not yet a high priority tissue for health planners, policy
      makers and clinicians in most developing countries there will be a growing need
      in coming years to pay more attention to the important health issues associated
      with population ageing in the developing world. This paper reports some of the
      relevant findings of a cross-national study (sponsored by the World Health
      Organization) of the health and social aspects of ageing in four developing
      countries--Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Fiji and Malaysia. The key
      findings are compared and contrasted with those of a similar eleven-country WHO
      study in Europe. In very broad terms, the overall demographic, physical, mental
      health and social patterns and trends associated with ageing as demonstrated by
      age-group and sex differences were consistent throughout the four countries
      studied. Comparisons with European findings in other similar studies underlined
      the fundamental universality of age-related changes in biophysical, behavioural
      and social characteristics. The importance of the family in developing countries
      was evident, with about three-quarters of those aged 60 and over in the four
      countries living with children, often in extended family situations. Levels of
      adverse health-related behaviour and the prospect of changing patterns of
      morbidity with further increases in the total and proportional numbers of aged
      persons point to a need for emphasis on preventive health measures and programmes
      directed to the maintenance of the physical and mental health of the ageing
      population.

PMID- 3359883
TI  - Longitudinal insights into the ageing population.
AB  - In several countries the fraction of the population who are very old is
      increasing dramatically. Interest in this phenomenon in part reflects concern
      about the burdens this section of the community will place on younger people.
      Views of the elderly are generally based on cross-sectional data on generations
      who 'aged' in quite different circumstances to those who will be old in 20 or 40
      years time. This paper describes recent findings relevant to the changing
      experiences of older men and women during the 1970s and early 1980s from the
      Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Longitudinal Study. This is a new
      source which enables researchers to study the sociodemographic histories of a
      representative sample of the population of England and Wales. The period after
      retirement from formal employment is one which sees men and women experience more
      changes to their domestic circumstances than is commonly appreciated. Many of
      these changes are related to earlier socioeconomic circumstances which also
      influence people's abilities to cope with change and their need for support.

PMID- 3359884
TI  - The nature and causes of ageing.
AB  - Ageing is a process where the end result is obvious but the mechanism remains
      obstinately obscure. The phenomenology of senescence is rich in the abundance of
      model systems that it offers for the experimental study of ageing. The field is
      also rich in the theories to account for ageing in terms of specific changes
      noted or postulated to occur as organisms grow older. Since neither models nor
      theories are scarce, the slowness of progress to date may therefore be due at
      least partly to inadequate cross-referencing between the two. Both in the choice
      of a model organism or cell system and in the selection of a specific mechanism
      to study, it is important to have in mind the nature and role of ageing at the
      organism level. Recent evolutionary insights into ageing suggest that senescence
      occurs because through natural selection a strategy is favoured in which
      organisms invest fewer resources in the maintenance and repair of somatic cells
      and tissues than are necessary for indefinite survival of the individual. This
      'disposable soma' theory provides a broad predictive framework within which to
      assess the relevance of models with which to investigate specific mechanisms of
      ageing.

PMID- 3359885
TI  - Changing health needs of the ageing population.
AB  - The drama unfolding in this century can be viewed in terms of the age at which
      people are now dying. Most medical needs, attention and costs occur in the last
      years of life. At the turn of the century about 25% of people survived age 65. In
      the developed countries at least 70% of the population now survive beyond this
      age and 30-40% of deaths are at age 80 or over. Entirely different diseases,
      conditions and social structures are involved when most people survive to these
      late ages. Increasing longevity raises the issue of net gain in active functional
      years versus total years of disability and dysfunction. The available evidence
      gives rise to pessimism: at present for each active functional year gained we add
      about 3.5 compromised years. The need for long-term care will continue to grow.
      Improvements in long-term care involve economic considerations, political will
      and better mechanisms for the delivery and acceptance of this labour-intensive
      practice. The education and preparation of the ageing population in terms of
      normal realities and expectations are even more important. Health-care givers,
      politicians, and other decision makers are increasingly likely to have first-hand
      exposure to the good and bad realities of an ageing society, and thereby to
      perceive the realities of ageing more clearly than ever before. A new political
      will for more creative and equitable responses to the needs of the elderly and
      their families is rapidly emerging. The greater our familiarity with the problems
      of old age, the greater the likelihood for us to find means for improvement.

PMID- 3359887
TI  - The health of the elderly population: results from longitudinal studies with age
      cohort comparisons.
AB  - In the longitudinal study of 70-year-olds in Goteborg the first age cohort (born
      1901-1902) has now been followed for 15 years and the second cohort (born 1906
      1907) for nine years; an intervention study has been added to the third age
      cohort (born 1911-1912). These longitudinal perspectives (derived from studies of
      samples shown to be representative of the total population) have successively
      improved the possibilities of distinguishing between ageing manifestations and
      symptoms caused by definable diseases. In addition to previously reported figures
      on the proportions of apparently healthy people at age 70 and 75, preliminary
      conclusions from the follow-up periods from age 79 indicate that at that age at
      least 20% do not suffer from symptoms of definable diseases. These findings have
      allowed detailed analyses to be made of the morphological and functional
      consequences of ageing as well as the calculation of clinical reference values
      for the age interval 70-79. The improving possibilities for distinguishing
      between ageing and morbidity have allowed certain conclusions to be drawn on
      obvious differences between age cohorts relating to the prevalence of disease and
      manifestations of ageing. These age-cohort differences could not be related to
      migration and ongoing genetic changes but there is indirect evidence for
      relationships to lifestyle and certain environmental factors. The reasons for
      these age-cohort differences in the manifestations of ageing are being analysed
      retrospectively through information on differences in living conditions between
      the cohorts and prospectively through the intervention programme (InterVention
      Elderly in Goteborg, IVEG).

PMID- 3359886
TI  - Planning for health services for the elderly.
AB  - In order to create health services that effectively respond to the changing
      picture of health, governments should try to anticipate the health needs for the
      future. The scenarios for the elderly that are briefly discussed in this paper
      are approximations of developments that are largely autonomous if considered from
      the position of the individuals and organizations responsible for policies on
      health and health services. The three contextual scenarios developed are based on
      the forecasts, explorations and speculations to be found in the literature and
      also on the outcome of discussions with groups of experts in the fields of
      medical, biological and technological research and practice. The following
      variables have been incorporated in the study preparing the scenarios:
      demographic developments, the health status of the elderly, health services for
      the elderly, developments in medical, biological and technological fields, and
      societal developments, both economic and social. These scenarios provide policy
      makers with a learning environment in which they can test the strategies that are
      considered to answer the questions that they face, and evaluate the particular
      circumstances in which these strategies might be feasible.

PMID- 3359888
TI  - Ageing and disease.
AB  - The concept of disease has a long and changing history, and has accumulated
      implications that can be unhelpful. The traditional distinction made between
      'normal ageing' and 'disease' identifies research into the impact of an ageing
      population as having arisen within clinical medicine with its tradition of
      dichotomous thinking. The model is inappropriate for clinical practice among the
      elderly where diseases should be relegated to the role of mechanisms producing
      functional problems, and where interventions may not be of the traditional
      medical form. In this context the concept of 'normal ageing' can act as an excuse
      for inaction. For gerontological research the basic model is of the interaction
      between extrinsic and intrinsic factors. We lack the means at present to identify
      intrinsic processes, although they may be found among the residual ageing effects
      when extrinsic processes have been excluded. Intrinsic ageing processes may
      ultimatedly be identifiable on the basis of biological theory. Until this is
      possible we should study age-associated phenomena without prematurely conceived
      notions about their origins.

PMID- 3359889
TI  - Cerebrovascular disease and the elderly.
AB  - A three-year follow-up study in Kassel (Federal Republic of Germany) has shown
      that (1) the incidence of stroke rises with increasing age, (2) the incidence is
      higher for men than for women, and (3) the survival rate is 37% three years after
      the attack. The survivors differ significantly from those who died in their
      Barthel index scores on discharge from hospital and in age (chi-square test).
      Only a small subgroup (15% of the survivors) received treatment in a residential
      rehabilitation centre in the year after discharge from hospital.

PMID- 3359890
TI  - Fringe-scan flow cytometry.
AB  - We describe the development of a scanning flow cytometer capable of measuring the
      distribution of fluorescent dye along objects with a spatial resolution of 0.7
      micron. The heart of this instrument, called a fringe-scan flow cytometer, is an
      interference field (i.e., a series of intense planes of illumination) produced by
      the intersection of two laser beams. Fluorescence profiles (i.e., records showing
      the intensity of fluorescence measured at 20 ns intervals) are recorded during
      the passage of objects through the fringe field. The shape of the fringe field is
      determined by recording light scatter profiles as 0.25 micron diameter
      microspheres traverse the field. The distribution of the fluorescent dye along
      each object passing through the fringe field is estimated from the recorded
      fluorescence profile using Fourier deconvolution. We show that the distribution
      of fluorescent dye along microsphere doublets and along propidium iodide stained
      human chromosomes can be determined accurately using fringe-scan flow cytometry.
      The accuracy of fringe-scan shape analysis was determined by comparing
      fluorescence profiles estimated from fringe-scan profiles for microspheres and
      chromosomes with fluorescence profiles for the same objects measured using slit
      scan flow cytometry.

PMID- 3359891
TI  - Discrimination of myogenic and nonmyogenic cells from embryonic skeletal muscle
      by 90 degrees light scattering.
AB  - A myogenic cell suspension was isolated from the breast muscles of 10-day-old
      chicken embryos by trypsin digestion. The cell preparation was subjected to
      Percoll density centrifugation to reduce the number of fibroblast-like cells
      present. The Percoll-isolated, predominantly myogenic cell population was then
      fractionated by flow cytometry using 90 degrees light scattering as the parameter
      for sorting. Cells exhibiting lower scatter, with a peak of 45 units, produced
      cultures containing myotubes and gave rise only to myogenic clones. Cells
      exhibiting higher scatter (120-200 units) produced nonmyogenic cultures and gave
      rise to nonmyogenic clones. Cells with intermediate light scatter were also
      detected. The latter produced both myogenic and nonmyogenic clones. The
      differences in light scatter presumably reflect higher cytoplasmic complexity of
      the nonmyogenic cells compared with the myogenic cells. Moreover, the differences
      in light scattering properties of the different cell types offer a means for the
      isolation of pure populations of myogenic cells directly from the intact muscle.

PMID- 3359892
TI  - Flow cytometric measurements of cytoplasmic calcium changes in human platelets.
AB  - Thrombin-induced stimulation of human platelets is accompanied by a dramatic
      increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentrations followed by a slow decrease. These
      changes are very rapid, are maximal by 10-15 s, and can be detected with probes
      such as Indo-1. Suspension studies using spectrofluorometry, which reflect a
      value which is the average of 3 x 10(7) cells per ml, indicate a thrombin dose
      dependent increase in cytoplasmic calcium at doses up to 0.025 units per ml. We
      show here, using flow cytometry, that at less than half-saturating thrombin doses
      only subpopulations of platelets rather than the entire sample are responding.
      The extent of these responses, however, still depends on thrombin concentration.
      When the thrombin doses are between half and fully saturating, one subpopulation
      responds fully (i.e., its extent of increase in cytoplasmic calcium
      concentration, [Ca++]in is 100% of that seen at saturating thrombin
      concentrations) while the remaining platelets respond partially or not at all.
      There is thus evidence of positive cooperativity leading to disproportionate
      thrombin receptor occupancy on different subpopulations when platelets are
      subjected to subsaturating doses of thrombin. The existence of responding
      subpopulations may explain how the reported multiple stimulations of the same
      suspension of platelets at low thrombin doses occur.

PMID- 3359893
TI  - Comparison of fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue as starting material for DNA
      flow cytometry and evaluation of intratumor heterogeneity.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) from paraffin
      embedded tumors has become an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in
      clinical pathology and investigative oncology. The present study aimed at
      elucidating the reliability of the method. About 90% of the 1,400 paraffin
      embedded tumors analyzed were evaluable for DNA index and about 70% for SPF,
      although considerable differences between various tumor types were detected. The
      within-assay coefficients of variation for determination of tumor DNA index and
      SPF were 2% and 6%, respectively. Intratumor variation in DNA index was observed
      in 24% of breast and in 21% of ovarian carcinomas and variation in SPF in 36% and
      29% of the respective tumors. Intratumor variation in SPF was greatest in DNA
      diploid tumors, which may indicate that SPF values in these tumors may be less
      reliable owing to variations in the proportions of tumor and nontumor cells. If
      the methodological variation and the intratumor variation were taken into
      account, there was a good correlation between DNA indices (r = 0.980) and between
      SPF values (r = 0.794) obtained from fresh and paraffin-embedded tumors. It is
      concluded that accurate determination of DNA index and SPF from paraffin-embedded
      tumors is possible in the majority of cases. Regardless of the type of starting
      material used for DNA flow cytometry it is advantageous to study several samples
      from each tumor to account for the intratumor heterogeneity.

PMID- 3359894
TI  - Site-specific distribution of large-bowel adenomatous polyps. Emphasis on ethnic
      differences.
AB  - The anatomic distribution of adenomatous polyps occurring in the large intestine
      of 98 consecutive patients was studied. Fifty-two of the patients were black and
      46 were white. Seventy-nine percent of lesions in whites were found in the distal
      colon and rectum, whereas in blacks this occurred in only 47 percent. The
      difference was significant (P less than .01). Black patients also displayed a
      greater frequency of synchronous polyps and had a higher incidence of previous
      colorectal polyps. The findings suggest that the total colonic surveillance is
      essential in black patients to adequately screen for large-bowel neoplasia.

PMID- 3359895
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the anal ducts. A series of 21 cases.
AB  - The records of 21 patients treated for adenocarcinoma of the anal ducts between
      1943 and 1982 were reviewed. The patients were followed until death or current
      status in April 1987. The median follow-up period was eight months (range, 3 to
      144 months). Fifteen patients had an erroneous diagnosis made at first physician
      visit resulting in a median doctor's delay of 14 months (range, 3 to 24 months)
      before correct treatment was carried out. Nine of the tumors were localized
      perianally (ischiorectal space), seven anally, and five in a fistula-in-ano.
      Tumors localized anally were significantly smaller and had a significantly
      shorter history than perianally or fistula-in-ano localized tumors (P less than
      .05 for each localization). Three patients with anal tumors had their diagnosis
      made accidentally by routine histologic examination of an excised hemorrhoid.
      First examination revealed distant metastases in 13 patients and follow-up
      examination revealed regional or distant metastases in seven patients. Modes of
      treatment were wide local excision (N = 3), abdominoperineal resection (N = 3),
      colostomy (N = 9), and radiotherapy (N = 2). Twenty of the 21 patients died
      within 18 months due to the cancer. One long-term survivor was observed; the
      patient was alive 12 years after local excision of the tumor without evidence of
      recurrent disease. The crude five- and 10-year survival was only 4.8 percent.

PMID- 3359896
TI  - Long-term prognosis after radical treatment for squamous-cell carcinoma of the
      anal canal and anal margin.
AB  - Sixty-seven of 100 (67 percent) and 24 of 58 (41 percent) apparently radically
      treated patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal (AC) and the anal
      margin (AM) developed recurrent disease during a median observation time of ten
      years (range, 0 to 38 years). A significantly higher number of patients treated
      for AC tumors with local excision had recurrent disease compared with patients
      treated with abdominoperineal resection (P less than .05). Twenty patients with
      AC tumors had local recurrence, 21 regional recurrence, and 26 visceral
      metastases. Eighteen patients with AM tumors had local recurrence, five regional,
      and one brain metastases. The latest recurrences among AC and AM tumor patients
      were diagnosed 11 and nine years after primary treatment, respectively. The
      estimated cure rate by the actuarial method after 15 years was 26 percent and 53
      percent for AC and AM tumors, respectively. Thus, if recurrent carcinomas of the
      anus are to be detected early, frequent life-long control examinations are
      necessary. It is obvious from this study that, in order to reduce recurrent
      disease of carcinoma of the anus, new treatment regimens must be tried under
      controlled circumstances. Surgical therapies alone are clearly insufficient in
      the treatment of carcinoma of the anus.

PMID- 3359897
TI  - An assessment of colostomy irrigation.
AB  - One hundred patients with permanent sigmoid colostomies were surveyed to
      determine their satisfaction and success with the "irrigation" technique of
      colostomy management. Most patients who irrigate their colostomies achieve
      continence. Odors and skin irritation are minimized. The irrigation method is
      economical, time efficient, and allows a reasonably liberal diet. It avoids bulky
      appliances and is safe. In appropriately selected patients, the irrigation
      technique is the method of choice for management of an end-sigmoid colostomy.

PMID- 3359899
TI  - Early malignant lesions of the colorectum at autopsy.
AB  - Examination of 1014 consecutive autopsies revealed four early malignant lesions,
      comprising: 1) a carcinoma in situ arising from a large (2.5 cm) pedunculated
      adenomatous polyp; 2) a carcinoma in situ arising from a small (0.8 cm) flat
      adenoma; 3) an early invasive carcinoma arising from a flat (2.5 cm) adenoma, and
      4) an early invasive polypoid adenocarcinoma (0.7 cm) with no identifiable
      remnants of adenoma. The early malignant lesions encountered in this study
      reaffirm the importance of the adenoma-cancer sequence in the pathogenesis of
      colorectal cancers in man. The malignant potential of flat adenomas is
      emphasized. The occurrence of small carcinomas without evidence of adenomatous
      elements raises the possibility of de novo origin as an alternative pathway. In
      the present study, one of four early colorectal cancers may have a de novo
      origin.

PMID- 3359900
TI  - Changes at ureteroenteric anastomoses masquerading as a neoplastic polyp. Report
      of two cases.
AB  - Two cases are presented where changes at ureteoenteric anastomoses masqueraded as
      neoplastic polyps that resulted in excision of the tip of the implanted ureter in
      one patient. The colonoscopist should be aware of this possibility and endeavor
      to identify the exact location of the ureteric orifices before excision of any
      polypoid lesion in this situation.

PMID- 3359898
TI  - Evacuation difficulties and other characteristics of rectal function associated
      with procidentia and the Ripstein operation.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with rectal prolapse (N = 15) or internal rectal procidentia
      (N = 6) were investigated clinically and by anorectal manometry prior to and six
      months following rectopexy. Symptoms such as urgency, rectal pain, blood, and
      mucous discharge were markedly relieved by the operation. Rectal evacuation and
      number of bowel motions seemed to be unaffected. Rectal volume, sensibility, and
      compliance did not change following surgery. Rectal sensibility was reduced in
      these patients compared with 15 controls, but there was no difference in rectal
      volume or rectal compliance.

PMID- 3359901
TI  - Elevated creatine phosphokinase MB in a patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma of
      the colon--evidence for a tumor marker. Report of a case.
AB  - Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) MB isoenzyme has become accepted as a
      highly specific criterion for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). A
      patient with metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon who had marked and
      persistent elevation of CPK-MB isoenzyme, in the absence of clinical and
      cardiographic evidence for MI, is described. The CPK-MB level was 25 percent
      (normal, less than 3 percent) on admission, 39 percent postoperatively, and 57
      percent on discharge. A prompt decline in serum CPK-MB activity (11 percent, less
      than 3 percent) paralleled chemotherapy-induced tumor regression. Resurgence of
      the isoenzyme heralded recurrent disease. These findings suggest that CPK-MB may
      be a valuable adjunct marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of neuroendocrine
      carcinomas.

PMID- 3359903
TI  - Temporary colostomy for trauma.

PMID- 3359902
TI  - A simple method for preventing retraction of an end colostomy.
AB  - A simple technique for performing a functional end sigmoid colostomy is reported.
      This procedure can help to prevent retraction of an end stoma in an obese patient
      or any patient with a shortened mesentery.

PMID- 3359904
TI  - Intraluminal tube used as a drain in rats.

PMID- 3359905
TI  - Aspirin-induced human antral injury is reduced by vodka pretreatment.
AB  - Mild irritants have been shown to protect the rat gastric mucosa against noxious
      agents. This study was designed to test the protective potential of low-dose
      ethanol against acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) -induced gastric injury. Ten healthy
      volunteers who were nondrinkers and had normal baseline upper gastrointestinal
      endoscopy participated in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Thirty
      minutes after either vodka (37.5 ml) in tomato juice or tomato juice alone, each
      subject took 975 mg ASA and then underwent endoscopy 1 hr later. The degree of
      mucosal injury was scored, and blood was taken for ethanol and salicylate levels.
      There was a washout interval of seven days between the two treatments. Endoscopic
      scores were analyzed using the sign test. After a single dose of ASA, mucosal
      injury was confined to the fundus and antrum, while the duodenum was minimally
      affected. A significant reduction in antral damage was seen with ethanol
      pretreatment (P less than 0.05). The same trend was evident in the fundus but did
      not achieve statistical significance. Serum salicylate levels averaged 13.2 +/-
      0.8 mg/100 ml and were not different between the two treatments. Ethanol
      concentration ranged from 1.1 to 6.2 mmol/liter following the vodka drink and was
      0 after the placebo.

PMID- 3359906
TI  - Sleeping on a wedge diminishes exposure of the esophagus to refluxed acid.
AB  - In a randomized crossover study, we compared the effect on gastroesophageal
      reflux of three sleeping positions: elevation of the head of the bed on standard
      eight-inch bed blocks; elevation by a foam wedge; or a flat position. Fifteen
      subjects with moderate to severe reflux symptoms were studied in each position on
      consecutive nights using continuous intraesophageal pH monitoring. We found no
      difference in reflux frequency among the positions. The wedge caused a
      statistically significant decrease in the time that distal esophageal pH was less
      than 4 as compared to the flat position. The wedge also decreased the longest
      episode experienced by the subjects. Elevation on blocks caused a similar
      improvement in parameters but failed in this study to achieve statistical
      significance. Both elevation by a wedge and on blocks showed a trend towards a
      decrease in clearance time as compared to the flat position. The patients did not
      always prefer elevation on a wedge, but for some it is a valuable alternative to
      elevation by bed blocks.

PMID- 3359907
TI  - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in humans by glucagon during euglycemia,
      hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia.
AB  - The effect of intravenous infusion of glucagon in a dose of 85 pmol/kg/hr on
      submaximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in eight
      healthy volunteers. The study was repeated four times in each subject. By a
      glucose-insulin clamp technique blood glucose levels were kept constant during
      the studies at 5.0 mmol/liter (euglycemic clamp), 2.5 mmol/liter (hypoglycemic
      clamp), or 7.0 mmol/liter (hyperglycemic clamp) on three different days. Glucose
      and insulin were not infused during one control day study. During glucagon
      infusion, plasma glucagon levels increased but the level reached was lower during
      the hyperglycemic condition when compared to euglycemic and hypoglycemic
      conditions. Glucagon infusion inhibited gastric acid secretion during hyper- and
      euglycemic conditions but not during hypoglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia
      caused a modest but significant inhibition of acid secretion. Serum gastric
      concentrations were unaltered during glucagon infusion regardless of the level of
      blood glucose. The present observations indicate that the inhibitory effect of
      glucagon is independent of the glucagon-induced hyperglycemia, but the effect is
      lost when blood glucose is below a certain limit, suggesting that blood glucose
      may have a modulating effect on gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3359908
TI  - Stimulation of gastric acid secretion increases mucosal blood flow in immediate
      vicinity of parietal cells in baboons.
AB  - In acute experiments carried out in 27 baboons under general anesthesia, the
      regional gastric mucosal and muscle layer blood flow and gastric acid secretion
      were measured during 4 hr. Baboons were allocated to each of the following six
      groups: control, gastric acid stimulation with histamine 40 micrograms/kg/hr
      intravenous, inhibition of basal or stimulated acid secretion with either
      ranitidine 50 mg intravenous or omeprazole 1 microgram/kg/hr. There were no
      significant cardiovascular alterations during the experiments. Histamine
      stimulation produced a concomitant rise in acid secretion and increase in blood
      flow only to the mucosal layer of the parietal-cell-bearing area of the stomach.
      Neither the underlying muscle layer nor the non-parietal-cell-bearing fundic or
      antral mucosa took part in this response, suggesting that a mechanism controlling
      blood flow is present in close proximity to the parietal cells. It was also
      established that the increase in blood flow occurs in response to parietal cell
      activity and not as a result of the action of histamine on the vascular system.
      Suppression of both basal and stimulated acid secretion did not cause a fall of
      mucosal blood flow below basal levels in any part of the stomach, indicating that
      drugs that inhibit parietal cell activity can be used in conditions where gastric
      mucosal ischemia should be avoided.

PMID- 3359910
TI  - Triolein breath test of fat absorption in patients with chronic liver disease.
AB  - We have compared the [14C]triolein breath test for fat malabsorption with fecal
      fat excretion corrected for marker pellet recovery in 23 subjects with chronic
      liver disease. The breath test identified 15 of the 17 subjects with abnormal
      fecal fat excretion (sensitivity 88%). However, four of the six subjects with
      normal fecal fat excretion gave abnormal breath test results (specificity 33%).
      While three of the four subjects with falsely abnormal breath tests had alcoholic
      liver disease, the explanation for the low specificity is unclear and may not be
      confined to patients with alcohol-related disease. We are therefore unable to
      recommend the breath test as a screen for steatorrhea in patients with chronic
      liver disease.

PMID- 3359909
TI  - Effects of intravenous and intraduodenal fat on jejunal motility and on plasma
      cholecystokinin in man.
AB  - The effects of intravenous and intraduodenal fat on jejunal motility were studied
      in nine normal volunteers. Using a nitrogen hydraulic infusion system, recording
      was performed continuously during 4 hr of fasting and 5 hr of 100 ml/hr infusion
      of fat (Intralipid 10%) given either intraduodenally (group ID) or intravenously
      (group IV) and 9 hr after the end of fat administration successively. The two
      experiments were performed at seven-day intervals in random order. In six of the
      nine subjects, a third experiment, in which 20 g of cholestyramine was given by
      mouth during intraduodenal fat infusion (group ID + C), was carried out. Venous
      blood samples were drawn for measurement of serum triglyceride levels and
      radioimmunoassay of plasma cholecystokinin. Intraduodenal fat, alone or plus
      cholestyramine, induced a significant reduction in incidence of phase III of the
      migrating motor complex. Intravenous fat reduced the incidence of phase III.
      However, this reduction was significant only during the last 3 hr of fat
      infusion, corresponding to the highest serum triglyceride concentration. In the
      three groups, fat infusion induced a significant increase in duration of phase
      II, leading to a postprandial-like pattern. Plasma cholecystokinin increased
      significantly in the three groups during fat administration, with a significant
      positive correlation between serum triglyceride concentration and plasma
      cholecystokinin in the group IV. The data suggest that, in addition to its known
      inhibitory effects on activity fronts when acting luminally, fat given
      intravenously may inhibit phase III activity. The effects in both instances may
      be mediated in part by cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3359911
TI  - ERCP diagnosis of tumors in the region of the head of the pancreas. Analysis of
      criteria and computer-aided diagnosis.
AB  - During the period 1974-1983, 320 patients with pancreas carcinoma, papilla of
      Vater carcinoma, bile duct bifurcation carcinoma, or duodenal carcinoma were
      examined by ERCP. Using 30 ERCP criteria, a radiological diagnosis was made. A
      valid pathological diagnosis was available in 200 patients (62.5%). In 183 of the
      200 patients (91.5%), the ERCP diagnosis and the pathological diagnosis were
      identical. We then performed an analysis using 52 ERCP criteria. In 192 of the
      200 patients (96.0%), the ERCP diagnosis based on this reanalysis and the
      pathological diagnosis were identical. By discriminant analysis, 13 ERCP criteria
      with a maximal discriminatory value were selected in patients in whom all
      diagnostic structures (bile ducts, pancreatic duct, and duodenum) were visible.
      Using these 13 criteria selected by discriminant analysis, the diagnostic score
      was 98.9%. A computer program based on these 13 ERCP criteria was designed for
      use in practice. The diagnostic accuracy of this computer program was 98.4%.
      Finally we tested this computer program on 171 new patients who were seen in the
      period 1983-1986. In 143 of the 171 patients, a valid pathological diagnosis was
      available (83.6%). Comparing the ERCP diagnosis in all patients (even if not all
      structures were visible) with a valid pathological diagnosis, the prospective
      score of the computer program was 91.6%. Using this program it was possible to
      evaluate examinations in which not all structures were visible. When the ERCP
      diagnosis was uncertain, the doubt could be quantified.

PMID- 3359912
TI  - Sensitivity of Hemoccult test for large bowel cancer in high-risk subjects.
AB  - From 1979 to 1982, 1233 symptom-free subjects at high risk for colon cancer
      because of family history and/or personal history of bowel neoplasia (cancer or
      adenomatous polyp) were examined with a guaiac test (Hemoccult II) for occult
      blood in stools. The test was positive (H+) in 98 subjects (7.9%). Endoscopy was
      subsequently performed on 86% of the H+ and on 64% of the H- subjects. Of 20 in
      invasive cancers found, 15 had been H+ [75.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 54.3
      91.0%]. Of 96 patients with adenoma(s), 23 were H+ (24%; 95% CI, 16.0-33.0%).
      However, the sensitivity for adenomas was higher in patients with multiple
      adenomas or with a single adenoma measuring 2 cm or more in its largest diameter
      (37.5%; 95% CI, 21.8-54.7%). Of 699 subjects free of neoplastic lesions at
      endoscopy, 47 had been H+, ie, false positive (6.7%; 95% CI, 5.0-8.7%). Adjusting
      for differential compliance of H+ and H- subjects to endoscopy, a corrected
      estimate for sensitivity would be 69% for cancer and 19% for adenomas; the
      corrected estimate for the false-positive rate would be 5%.

PMID- 3359914
TI  - Structural analysis of the human glucocerebrosidase genes.
AB  - Two different genomic clones containing the entire coding sequence of human
      glucocerebrosidase were isolated from a fetal liver library using a cDNA probe
      previously cloned by us. These clones correspond to two human glucocerebrosidase
      genes, designated 6-1 and 10-2. Clone 6-1 contains sequences homologous to the
      cDNA we cloned previously. The promoter regions of the genes were identified by
      S1 analysis and sequenced. They contain TATA- and CAAT-like boxes, but lack a
      GGCGGG motif. When coupled to the bacterial gene coding for chloramphenicol
      acetyl transferase (CAT) and transfected to Gaucher skin fibroblast lines, both
      promoter fragments enhanced CAT activity. The promoter of gene 6-1 was eight
      times more efficient than the promoter of gene 10-2. Northern blot analysis
      revealed three human glucocerebrosidase RNA species of 6, 2.6, and 2.2 kb in
      size. The 6-kb transcript is probably a nuclear transcript whereas the 2.6-kb and
      2.2-kb transcripts are cytoplasmic species which emerge from polyadenylation at
      different sites.

PMID- 3359913
TI  - Effects of rest, stress, and food on myoelectric spiking activity of left and
      sigmoid colon in humans.
AB  - The great variability which is known to affect colonic motility may partly be the
      result of changes in physiological conditions. In order to test this hypothesis,
      40 subjects were sequentially put in conditions of vigilance, rest, stress, and
      feeding while colonic motility was monitored. The myoelectric spiking activity of
      the left colon was recorded with a 50-cm-long silastic tube equipped with four
      bipolar ring electrodes (located 10 cm apart) introduced into the left colon by
      flexible sigmoidoscopy. Tracings were performed while the subjects were kept
      awake (by conversation) for 1 hr, put at rest (quiet) for another 1 hr, submitted
      to a stress (by alternatively immersing and removing one hand from 2-4 degrees C
      cold water) for 20 min, and finally recorded for 2 hr after a 800-kcal meal. In
      18 other subjects, the sequences of vigilance and rest were randomized. The
      results showed that colonic spiking activity was made of sporadic bursts that are
      known to be associated with intraluminal propulsion and of stationary bursts that
      probably play no role in colonic peristalsis. The duration of sporadic spiking
      activity was respectively 13.6 +/- 1.2 min/hr (mean +/- SEM) during the period of
      vigilance, 5.4 +/- 0.6 min/hr during the period of rest (P less than 0.001), 14.3
      +/- 1.0 min/hr during the period of stress (NS), and 16.8 +/- 1.2 min/hr after a
      meal (P less than 0.05). The duration of stationary spiking activity did not
      change significantly throughout the four periods, respectively, 6.6 +/- 4.9, 4.4
      +/- 3.7 (NS), 5.2 +/- 3.9 (NS), and 3.3 +/- 2.8 min/hr (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359915
TI  - Functional dissection of 5' and 3' extragenic control regions of human tRNA(Val)
      genes reveals two different regulatory effects.
AB  - Two natural human tRNA(Val) genes, pHtV1 and pHtV3, differ in their transcription
      efficiency by an order of magnitude. The extragenic control regions (ECRs)
      responsible for this effect were compared with respect to the kinetics and
      thermodynamics of transcription complex formation. The 5' ECR of pHtV1 acts by
      increasing both the rate of stable complex formation and the equilibrium constant
      of association between tDNA and at least one transcription factor present in the
      stable complex. The stability of the preinitiation complexes is not affected by
      ECRs. For the formation of a stable preinitiation complex, we suggest a two-step
      mechanism, comprising (i) the ECR-controlled association of at least one
      transcription factor (TFIIIC) with the tDNA, and (ii) an ECR-independent
      conformational change of this tDNA-protein complex. The function of 3' ECRs could
      be discriminated from the 5' ECR-mediated effects by transcriptional analysis of
      two chimeric constructs derived from pHtV1 and pHtV3. Surprisingly, the pHtV1 3'
      ECR causes an eight-fold increase of transcription efficiency, although it has
      only minor influence on stable preinitiation complex formation. Instead, this ECR
      stimulates transcription by promoting the transition of the preinitiation complex
      into an activity synthesizing transcription complex. This novel function of a 3'
      ECR contributes an additional regulatory level for tRNA gene expression.

PMID- 3359916
TI  - Improved diabetes control reduces skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane
      width in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We studied the relationship between the control of blood glucose and the width of
      skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane in 54 insulin-dependent diabetic
      patients. After initial measurement of levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and the
      width of skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane, the patients were divided
      into two groups: an intensive treatment group of 30 patients who were treated
      with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and a control group of 24 patients
      who continued to receive conventional treatment, usually two daily injections of
      insulin. Both groups have been followed prospectively for periods of time up to 4
      years. Within 1 year the intensive treatment group had a significant decrease in
      glycosylated hemoglobin levels as compared to baseline values reflecting improved
      control of blood glucose. This level of glycosylated hemoglobin was stable over
      the remainder of the follow-up period. This group also had a significant
      reduction in the width of skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane within 1
      year and it persisted for the 4 years of observation. The control group of
      patients had no significant change in their level of glycosylated hemoglobin and
      the width of the skeletal muscle capillary basement membrane tended to increase
      with time. It this result in skeletal muscle capillaries applies to those of
      retinal and renal tissue, meticulous diabetic control for a prolonged period of
      time may be beneficial in preventing the progression of the microvascular
      complications of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3359917
TI  - An evaluation and comparison of Reflolux II and Glucometer II, two new portable
      reflectance meters for capillary blood glucose determination.
AB  - The Reflolux II and the Glucometer II, two new battery-operated portable
      reflectance meters (PRMs) for blood glucose measurement have been evaluated for
      accuracy, precision and ease of operation. Both PRMs are pocket-size and simple
      to use. The calibration of the two instruments is fundamentally different, but in
      both cases the calibration data are provided with the reagent test strips and
      require minimal operator participation. The analysis time is 50 s for the
      Glucometer II and 120 s for the Reflolux II. The Reflolux II has a measuring
      range of 0.5-27.7 mmol/l, which is superior to the 2-22 mmol/l range of
      Glucometer II. Both PRMs had excellent correlation (r greater than 0.97) and
      minimal bias when compared by regression analysis to a laboratory method on
      capillary and whole blood samples. The precision of the Reflolux II was
      marginally better than the Glucometer II with coefficients of variation less than
      6.57% for the Glucometer II and less than 5.21% for the Reflolux II. Neither the
      Reflolux II nor the Glucometer II offer significant advantages one over the
      other, both are adequate for their designed use, and both are distinct
      improvements over their predecessors.

PMID- 3359918
TI  - Asymptomatic diabetic cardiomyopathy: a noninvasive study.
AB  - Forty-nine diabetic patients (26 type I and 23 type II), free of cardiovascular
      disease symptoms, were compared with 32 controls in a noninvasive study of left
      ventricular (LV) function. Absence of ischemic cardiopathy was confirmed by
      routine investigations and an exercise electrocardiogram using 12 leads with a
      thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy. Diabetic patients had (1) a significantly
      prolonged mean isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) assessed by M-mode
      echocardiography and phonomechanography; (2) a significantly reduced E-F slope;
      (3) an increased mean Weissler index (pre-ejection period/LV ejection time). The
      IVRT and E-F slope abnormalities reflect increased myocardial stiffness and
      impaired LV compliance. The increased Weissler index reflects impaired myocardial
      contractility. These abnormalities were not related to sex, age, duration of
      diabetes or to the presence or extent of complications. No significant difference
      was found between diabetic patients and controls for mean diastolic and systolic
      LV diameters, thickness of the posterior wall or of the interventricular septum,
      assessed by echocardiography, or for the ejection fraction, determined by
      radionuclide angiocardiography. Finally, more than half of the patients with a
      frankly abnormal IVRT, Weissler index and E-F slope had had diabetes for less
      than 5 years, some even less than 2 years, without complications. These data
      show: (1) evidence of LV dysfunction specific to diabetes and unrelated to
      ischemic cardiopathy and hypertension; (2) the possible involvement of a
      metabolic factor in this early asymptomatic LV abnormality rather than
      microangiopathy.

PMID- 3359919
TI  - Resistance of the peripheral nerve to ischemia in diabetic patients--an
      electrophysiological study.
AB  - We studied the effect of ischemia on the excitability of the sensory fibers of
      the median nerve in 43 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (NIDDM) by a double stimulation method. Ischemia caused significantly less
      reduction of nerve excitability in patients with poor glycemic control and in
      patients diseased for 5 years or longer than in the normal control group.
      Hyperexcitability after ischemia was markedly greater than normal among short
      term, poorly controlled diabetics, and markedly less pronounced among long-term,
      poorly controlled diabetics. In many diabetic patients with normal conduction
      velocity or without sensory disturbance, post-ischemic hyperexcitability was
      remarkable. A study of nerve excitability may be useful as one means of detecting
      early-stage disturbance of the diabetic peripheral nerve.

PMID- 3359920
TI  - Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring with stamps in impotent diabetics.
AB  - The usefulness of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) monitoring with stamps was
      evaluated in diabetic males with impotence. The stamps, which were similar in
      paper and size to Japanese 10-yen postage stamps, were wrapped around the penis
      before sleep and the stamp ring was checked for breakage the next morning.
      Clinical features of the subjects were investigated by penile blood pressure
      index (PBPI), neurological examinations, psychological tests, and hormonal
      measurements. Nineteen out of 37 patients with impotence had a breakage of the
      stamp rings on one or more of 3 nights. The patients with non-breakage of stamp
      rings had significantly more serious diabetic neuropathy (peripheral and
      autonomic), depressive tendency, loss of libido, and a higher prevalence of heavy
      smoking than those with breakage of the stamp rings. PBPI and hormonal findings
      showed no difference between the breakage and non-breakage patients. These
      results show that the diagnostic value of this method is nearly the same as that
      of NPT recording with a strain gauge.

PMID- 3359921
TI  - Evaluation of a new system for self blood glucose monitoring.
AB  - A new combination reflectance meter/visually interpretable system (Glucometer
      II/Glucostix, Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, IN) has been designed
      for self blood glucose monitoring. Performance evaluation of this system
      demonstrates a linear relationship between meter-determined blood glucose values
      and laboratory-determined whole blood glucose values (y = 0.95x + 2.86, r =
      0.97). In addition, 95% of visually interpreted blood glucose values are within
      one color block of YSI comparative values. Error grid analysis, a new method for
      determining the clinical accuracy of patient-determined blood glucose results,
      demonstrated that components of this new system produce clinically accurate blood
      glucose results.

PMID- 3359922
TI  - Diabetic neuropathy as a heterogeneous syndrome: multivariate analysis of
      clinical and neurological findings.
AB  - We quantitatively assessed peripheral and autonomic nerve function in diabetic
      patients and compared them with various parameters of their diabetic status.
      Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV, SCV), vibratory perception
      threshold (VPT) and the coefficient of variation of the ECG R-R interval (CV R-R)
      were measured in 85 diabetic patients aged 20-59 years. These values were
      compared with those of age-matched healthy subjects. Moreover, in 53 patients,
      MCV, SCV, VPT and CV R-R were investigated by multivariate analysis in relation
      to clinical parameters. In diabetics, MCV, SCV and CV R-R were significantly
      lower and VPT was higher than in age-matched healthy controls. The prevalence of
      impaired values in diabetics was 70% for VPT in the toe, 60% for SCV, and 55% for
      MCV, CV R-R and VPT in the finger. Impairments of MCV, SCV, CV R-R and VPT were
      closely correlated with diabetic retinopathy, proteinuria and duration of
      disease. Categorical regression analysis (multivariate analysis) revealed that
      the impairment of conduction velocity was closely related to diabetic retinopathy
      and to hypo- or areflexia, that the impairment of the vibratory perception
      threshold was related to ischemic changes in ECG and to hypo- or areflexia, and
      that the reduction of CV R-R was related to orthostatic hypotension and to
      proteinuria. These findings suggest that diabetic neuropathy progresses in
      parallel with other complications, and that it is a heterogeneous syndrome rather
      than a single entity.

PMID- 3359924
TI  - Fructosamine assay: an index of medium-term metabolic control parameters in
      diabetic disease.
AB  - The fructosamine levels and some metabolic control parameters were evaluated in
      120 diabetics and in 60 controls. Higher levels of fructosamine were found in
      diabetics compared to normals (3.22 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.05 mmol/l; P less
      than 0.001). Positive correlations were found between fructosamine and metabolic
      control parameters in diabetic subjects. Moreover, non-insulin-dependent diabetic
      subjects had better correlations. The study of fructosamine variation in relation
      to plasma glucose change showed that fructosamine levels were modified after at
      least 2 weeks of good metabolic control. In conclusion, the fructosamine assay
      could be a useful method for medium-term metabolic control evaluation.

PMID- 3359923
TI  - Metformin in the digestive tract.
AB  - After ingestion of metformin, a drug of the biguanide class, there are
      gastrointestinal effects in the form of nausea and vomiting, and about 30% of the
      drug is recovered in feces. The purpose of this work was to explain these two
      phenomena. Two sets of experiments were carried out. Study I evaluated the
      gastroduodenal (GD) absorption in six healthy volunteers by means of an
      intubation method, employing a twin-lumen tube introduced into the intestine and
      another into the stomach. Metformin 1 g was introduced into the stomach with a
      homogenized meal containing a non-absorbable marker, 14C-PEG 4000; another
      marker, PEG 4000, was perfused continuously into the duodenum at the ampulla of
      Vater. Samples of GD contents were collected every 15 min during 4 h. Metformin
      was poorly absorbed from the stomach, about 10% over a 4-h period. It did not
      modify the gastric emptying of a meal but induced a duodeno-gastric reflux in
      five out of six subjects. About 20% of the amount of drug emptied from the
      stomach were absorbed from the duodenum. The delivery process was the rate
      limiting factor for metformin absorption from the duodenum. The AUC/24 h
      increased as the absorption rate from the duodenum increased. Study 2
      investigated in six healthy volunteers, using another intestinal perfusion
      technique, the jejunal and ileal absorption of metformin. Metformin 400 mg in
      saline solution was perfused, over a 2-h period, below an inflated balloon,
      directly into either the jejunum or the ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3359925
TI  - One Japanese MODY family with severe and progressive microangiopathies.
AB  - Recently we investigated maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) with severe
      and progressive microangiopathies in one Japanese family. The proband was a
      female who was diagnosed as having diabetes when she was 11 years old, and was
      controlled without insulin for 9 years. She is now 30 years old and has been
      suffering from proliferative retinopathy since the age of 20. Her maternal
      grandfather, mother, uncle, and younger sister are also diabetic with severe
      microangiopathies. MODY is a concept which was first put forward by Tattersall
      and Fajans in 1975. It was defined as a form of diabetes diagnosed before the age
      of 25 years, controlled without insulin for more than 2 years and demonstrating
      dominant heredity over more than three generations. Most Western papers have
      reported few microangiopathies in the MODY patient, but our findings run counter
      to this description.

PMID- 3359926
TI  - [Morphological adaptation of the peripheral region of the acoustic analyzer in
      echolocating Cetaceae during pre- and postnatal development].

PMID- 3359927
TI  - [The role of a low molecular weight fraction isolated from the intestines of the
      hibernating ground squirrel in the regulation of electrolyte and water transport
      in the kidney tubule].

PMID- 3359928
TI  - [Luminescent conformers of adenyl dinucleotide with strong exciton interaction
      between nitrogen bases].

PMID- 3359929
TI  - [Histone H4--an opiate antagonist].

PMID- 3359931
TI  - [Reaction of apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex to
      experimental ischemia].

PMID- 3359930
TI  - [Possible role of secretory neurons in the regulation by serotonin of seasonal
      changes in the activity of snails].

PMID- 3359932
TI  - [Arrhythmia profile and heart rate in hyperthyroidism].
AB  - Arrhythmia profiles and heart rates, obtained by 24-hour ECG monitoring, were
      analysed in 48 patients with hyperthyroidism before (T3 level: 331 +/- 108 ng/100
      ml, heart rate: 95 +/- 13/min), during (T3 level: 202 +/- 98 ng/100 ml, heart
      rate: 85 +/- 11/min) and after (T3 level: 149 +/- 41 ng/100 ml, heart rate: 79 +/
      9/min) antithyroid treatment. 50 persons in whom organic heart disease has been
      excluded by invasive and noninvasive tests served as controls. Only 6% of
      patients had repetitive ventricular arrhythmias (Lown group IV) before treatment
      (controls: 4%; P greater than 0.05). Supraventricular extrasystoles were common
      both before and after treatment (P less than 0.001), especially in elderly
      patients. The number of patients with supraventricular tachycardias decreased in
      the course of treatment from eleven to two. There was a clear correlation between
      the T3 level and nocturnal heart rate (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001). A day-night
      difference in heart rate (a ratio of greater than or equal to 1.10) was present
      in 43 patients and higher than in the controls (P less than 0.001). Thus with
      respect to ventricular arrhythmias hyperthyroid patients had a normal profile,
      but a marked tendency towards supraventricular arrhythmias which was partly age
      related. Antithyroid treatment affected only the incidence of supraventricular
      tachycardias, while day-night differences in heart rate remained unchanged.

PMID- 3359933
TI  - [Patients with transient ischemic attacks. Their cardiac status and its
      prognostic significance].
AB  - In 51 consecutive patients with acute transitory cerebral ischaemia cross
      sectional echocardiograms, 24-hour electrocardiograms (ECG) and exercise ECGs
      were recorded. The subsequent observation period averaged 13 (3-30) months. The
      echocardiogram was abnormal in 27 of 46 patients (58%). A holosystolic mitral
      valve prolapse was found in eight: cerebral ischaemia recurred in five. There was
      no correlation between arrhythmias in the 24-hour ECG and renewed cerebral
      ischaemia. In addition to the 14 patients who--according to history and resting
      ECG--had already had a myocardial infarction, the exercise ECG revealed probably
      coronary heart disease in a further 11, i.e. half of the patients had coronary
      heart disease. Renewed attacks of cerebral ischaemia occurred in 13 patients
      during the follow-up period; four patients died, all of them also having had
      coronary heart disease. Because of the high prevalence of coronary heart disease
      (often previously undiagnosed) in the whole group, routine exercise ECGs are
      recommended for patients with transitory ischaemic attacks, protracted ischaemic
      neurological deficit or "minimal stroke", while 24-hour ECG monitoring does not
      seem essential. Randomized trials are needed to determine whether patients with
      cerebral ischaemia and echocardiographic evidence of mitral-valve prolapse should
      be treated prophylactically.

PMID- 3359935
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the determination of HIV antigen in enzyme immunoassay].
AB  - Enzyme-immunoassays (EIA) for HIV antigen and antibodies were performed on 33,076
      serum samples during an 11-month period. Prospective analysis involved samples
      from 21,496 blood donors, 11,086 samples sent in as coming from "high-risk"
      persons and 101 samples from AIDS patients, while retrospectively samples from
      393 high-risk persons, including a group of homosexuals from New York, were
      tested. No HIV antigen was found among blood donors, although during the test
      period seroconversion of one blood donor had been noted. Among 297 persons
      infected with HIV, 82 sera were positive for HIV antigen, always in combination
      with HIV antibodies: there was no case positive for HIV antigen but negative for
      HIV antibodies. The results suggests that at present it is not necessary
      routinely to test blood donors for HIV antigen by EIA.

PMID- 3359934
TI  - [Vaginal tumor--an initial manifestation of malignant histiocytosis].
AB  - An anaplastic vaginal tumour was diagnosed in a 29-year-old woman. Before the
      planned operation leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia developed and further
      diagnostic tests revealed malignant histiocytosis with bone-marrow infiltration,
      leukaemic wash-out and tumour formation in the lower pelvis. Intensive
      chemotherapy, as for acute myeloid leukaemia, achieved full remission. The case
      demonstrates that, although rare, tumorous organ infiltration may be the initial
      manifestation of malignant histiocytosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment
      decisively affects the prognosis.

PMID- 3359936
TI  - [Radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma].

PMID- 3359938
TI  - [Prescribing behavior of general practitioners. Influences and attempts at
      solution].

PMID- 3359937
TI  - [Mental development in congenital hypothyroidism. Results of a survey in 14
      European countries].
AB  - Although newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism was introduced into
      Europe as late as 1975, its high acceptance rate has quickly led to its wide use
      in most European countries. One would expect early diagnosis with early onset of
      treatment to result in normalization of previously impaired mental development.
      One may conclude from results obtained in 790 children up to the age of seven
      years that normal mental development is assured if levothyroxine is administered
      within the first four weeks of life. This also applies to children with
      athyroidism: their mental development is not different from that of children with
      an ectopic thyroid.

PMID- 3359939
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance of plasma? A method for the diagnostic and
      therapeutic control of cancer?].

PMID- 3359940
TI  - Symposium on therapeutic aspects of tiaprofenic acid. Proceedings of a satellite
      symposium, 11th EULAR Congress, Athens, Greece, 28 June to 4 July, 1987.

PMID- 3359941
TI  - Efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid during long term administration to
      rheumatoid arthritis patients.
AB  - In a multicentre trial, tiaprofenic acid was administered in a dosage of 600
      mg/day for 12 months to 109 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results in 79
      patients, who did not receive any other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      concomitantly, were assessed. Of the 79 patients, 11 withdrew from the study
      within one year. The reasons for withdrawal were personal reasons in 4 cases,
      side effects or abnormal laboratory values in 2, no change or aggravation of
      symptoms in 2, improvement of symptoms in 2, and identification of systemic lupus
      erythematosus in one. Overall improvement was definite in 27 patients (34.2%) and
      slight in 21 patients (26.6%). Overall usefulness was definite in 30 patients
      (38%) and slight in 27 patients (34.2%). The duration of morning stiffness, joint
      index and Lansbury activity index showed significant improvement after 6 months'
      administration. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (2.5%) and abnormal
      laboratory results were seen in 3 (3.8%). These disappeared on either
      continuation or discontinuation of treatment.

PMID- 3359942
TI  - Tolerability of tiaprofenic acid in patients with glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic
      disorder which can lead to acute haemolytic anaemia following ingestion of fava
      beans and the administration of certain drugs, mainly in subjects with bacterial
      or viral infections. It is common in the Mediterranean region and many variants
      are found in Sardinia. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo if treatment
      with tiaprofenic acid 600 mg daily for 15 days would reduce erythrocyte GSH
      (reduced glutathione) concentrations and thus produce erythrocytolysis (assessed
      by evaluation of 51Cr-labelled erythrocyte survival) in subjects with G6PD
      deficiency. GSH concentrations were also evaluated in vitro after incubation of
      G6PD-deficient erythrocytes with increasing doses of tiaprofenic acid (20, 50,
      100, 150 and 200 mg/L) and with acetylphenylhydrazine 5 mg. The results obtained
      both in vitro and in vivo confirmed the absence of any oxidative action of
      tiaprofenic acid on the erythrocytes of G6PD-deficient subjects.

PMID- 3359943
TI  - Effects of tiaprofenic acid and other NSAIDs on proteoglycan metabolism in
      articular cartilage explants.
AB  - Using in vitro methods, we have determined the effects of four NSAIDs on the
      biosynthesis and turnover of proteoglycans in articular cartilage explants. Over
      the concentration ranges examined (5 X 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L for tiaprofenic
      acid, naproxen and indomethacin; 5 X 10(-5) to 10(-3) mol/L for aspirin), all the
      drugs examined, except tiaprofenic acid, reduced the rate of proteoglycan
      synthesis compared with control tissue. All of the compounds examined reduced the
      turnover rate of newly synthesised proteoglycans. The products of turnover of
      explants treated with the various NSAIDs did not appear to be significantly
      different from those produced by control tissue, as assessed by gel
      chromatography and electrophoresis. There were some indications, however, of
      quantitative differences in distribution on both these analytical systems. These
      results indicate that with the exception of tiaprofenic acid all the NSAIDs
      examined produced a general reduction in chondrocyte metabolic activity. Thus it
      seems unlikely that tiaprofenic acid would have a direct detrimental effect on
      articular cartilage during long term administration.

PMID- 3359944
TI  - Effects of NSAIDs on the metabolism of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in healthy
      and (post) arthritic murine articular cartilage.
AB  - Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were studied for their
      effects on normal and damaged murine articular cartilage, both in vitro and in
      vivo. In vitro, in the absence of serum, sodium salicylate caused significant
      suppression of 35S-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, whereas tiaprofenic acid,
      piroxicam, prednisolone sodium phosphate and several other NSAIDs were without
      effect. Trypsin-mediated proteoglycan depletion did not change the susceptibility
      of the articular chondrocyte to these drugs. Similarly, no enhancement of drug
      effect was seen when arthritic cartilage was taken from an acutely inflamed
      joint, and prenisolone sodium phosphate even seemed to diminish inflammation
      mediated suppression of 35S-GAG synthesis. The short term in vivo effects of some
      of the drugs were tested in mice with unilateral zymosan-induced arthritis. At
      day 1 after arthritis induction, in vivo 35S-GAG synthesis by the cartilage of
      the arthritic joint was decreased to 63%. Only sodium salicylate suppressed in
      vivo 35S-GAG synthesis in the healthy and arthritic joint to the same extent in
      both. At day 28, GAG synthesis in the postarthritic joint was enhanced to 160%.
      This type of cartilage appeared to be more susceptible to drug effects, since all
      drugs tested showed clear suppression of the augmented GAG production in vivo.
      Finally, in vivo drug effects were tested on normal and enhanced 35S-GAG
      degradation, the latter in the zymosan-induced arthritic joint. Both tiaprofenic
      acid and prednisolone sodium phosphate appeared to suppress degradation in
      healthy and, to some extent, in arthritic cartilage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3359945
TI  - Synovial fluid and plasma kinetics of repeat dose sustained action tiaprofenic
      acid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Tiaprofenic acid is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which, in
      conventional tablet form, has been shown to be rapidly absorbed and eliminated
      from the plasma, while synovial fluid concentrations remain constant for at least
      8 hours. Recently, a sustained action formulation of tiaprofenic acid has been
      developed to provide the patient with the convenience of a once daily dosage. The
      purpose of this study was to measure plasma and synovial fluid concentrations
      over a 24-hour period following repeated administration of the sustained action
      formulation, and thus determine the pharmacokinetic profile. Eight patients
      suffering from rheumatoid arthritis were included in this open study (of whom 3
      were subsequently excluded from the analysis). All were hospital outpatients
      requiring aspiration of the knee joint. The patients received sustained action
      tiaprofenic acid in a dosage of 600 mg once daily for a period of 7 days. Plasma
      and synovial fluid samples were taken on the final treatment day at 0, 4, 8, 12,
      and 18 hours following administration of the last treatment dose. Areas under the
      concentration-time curves, maximum plasma and synovial fluid concentrations,
      times to maximum concentration, and apparent elimination half-lives are presented
      and the findings compared and discussed. The drug was found to be retained in
      both the plasma and synovial fluid over a 24-hour period. Synovial fluid
      concentrations exceeded plasma concentrations at 24 hours in 4 of the 5 patients
      who were analysed, while in the fifth patient the levels were very similar.

PMID- 3359946
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of sustained action tiaprofenic acid in elderly arthritic
      patients.

PMID- 3359947
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in elderly multimorbid patients.

PMID- 3359948
TI  - The effect of tiaprofenic acid on uric acid excretion in man.
AB  - The uricosuric effect of tiaprofenic acid was evaluated in a group of
      normouricaemic inpatients with various rheumatic disorders. Six patients aged 26
      to 60 years were maintained on a standardised low-purine diet and, after a
      washout period of 72 hours, tiaprofenic acid was administered in 3 oral doses of
      300 mg 12-hourly. A normal renal function, as assessed by serum creatinine and
      creatinine clearance determinations, was considered mandatory for entry into the
      study. The following parameters were evaluated before and after treatment:
      haematological values, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum and urinary creatine
      concentrations, serum uric acid concentration and the fractional excretion rate
      of uric acid. Our preliminary results showed a substantial increase of urinary
      uric acid excretion in the samples collected after treatment, especially in the
      first 4 hours.

PMID- 3359949
TI  - Clinical experiences with the intramuscular injection of tiaprofenic acid in
      rheumatic diseases, with particular emphasis on time of onset and duration of the
      analgesic effect.
AB  - The efficacy of intramuscular tiaprofenic acid (TA) was investigated in 3
      separate studies: a multicentre open study involving 487 patients with various
      rheumatic conditions: an open study of 31 patients with active osteoarthritis of
      the knee; and an open comparative study with ketoprofen involving 30 patients
      with acute gout. In each of the studies tiaprofenic acid was given at a dose of
      200mg intramuscularly twice daily for 5 days. In addition to clinical efficacy
      and tolerance, the time of onset and duration of the analgesic effect were also
      assessed. Significant improvements in both pain intensity and inflammation were
      seen in 60 to 70% of all patients in the 3 studies (p less than 0.0001). Benefits
      from tiaprofenic acid injection were noted within 60 minutes by about 47% of the
      patients with acute gout and about 85% of the whole group of patients enrolled in
      the multicentre study. The analgesic effect lasted from 8 to 12 hours in about
      52% of the latter patients, and the overall effect was assessed as either good,
      very good or excellent in 62.5 to 100% of patients. Results from the comparative
      study with ketoprofen in acute gout patients showed a better and faster
      beneficial effect in the group receiving tiaprofenic acid. Thus the intramuscular
      administration of tiaprofenic acid at a dose of 200mg twice daily for 5 days to
      533 patients with different rheumatic conditions resulted in good analgesic and
      anti-inflammatory activities with a rapid and sustained effect, and was also well
      tolerated.

PMID- 3359950
TI  - Relative efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid and ketoprofen in rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3359951
TI  - Health survey among farmers exposed to deltamethrin in the cotton fields.
AB  - A health survey was conducted among spraymen exposed to 2.5% deltamethrin EC in
      the cotton fields. The subjects were exposed to deltamethrin at concentrations of
      0.022-24.070 micrograms/m3 in respiratory zone air and of 0.013-0.347
      micrograms/cm2 of skin contact. Results showed that one-half of the 44 subjects
      examined complained of itching and burning sensations on their faces. A few
      miliary red papules also appeared on the face of one subject but not sign of
      acute deltamethrin poisoning was evident on physical examination. There were no
      significant differences between the subjects examined and the controls in sodium,
      potassium, and urea contents in the serum, sodium potassium ATPase and serotonin
      in whole blood, and 3-methyl-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid in the urine. Deltamethrin in the urine of spraymen was below the detection
      limit (0.20 microgram/liter) of the method used.

PMID- 3359952
TI  - Trace elements in little egrets and flamingos of Camargue, France.
AB  - Trace elements (Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn) were measured in nine organs (liver,
      kidney, breast muscle, lungs, breastbone, stomach, gizzard, spleen, feathers) of
      several specimens of Greater Flamingos (Phaenicopterus ruber (Pallas] and Little
      Egrets (Egretta garzetta (L.] from the Camargue, in the Rhone river delta. In
      both species, individual fluctuations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Se levels were important
      in all organs, whereas Zn and Cu, essential metals, exhibited only moderate
      variations. The organotropism of trace elements supports the hypothesis that
      major routes of contamination would be both nutritional and aerial for flamingos,
      and prevailingly alimentary for egrets. In both species we found the highest
      levels in liver and kidney, with the exception of lead, the highest levels of
      which were found in breastbone and feathers. Our study indicates that trace
      element concentrations in flamingos and egrets are higher than or equivalent to
      those reported in the literature for birds living in polluted areas. Because the
      Camargue is a unique area in western Europe it would be of interest to develop
      more studies to evaluate the impact of surrounding human activities on this
      Biosphere Reserve.

PMID- 3359953
TI  - Validation of CHEMEST, an on-line system for the estimation of chemical
      properties.
AB  - CHEMEST is an on-line system for estimating physical/chemical properties
      important in the assessment of environmental fate of chemicals. Measured values
      of boiling point, melting point, vapor pressure, water solubility, and soil
      organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) were compared to values estimated by
      CHEMEST, for more than 170 chemicals. The chemicals were composed of seven
      classes: alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, amines, carbamates, esters, ethers, and
      phenols. Mean errors for boiling and melting point were 22.6 and 36.2 degrees C,
      respectively, with relatively little variability among classes. Carbamates were
      an exception, accuracy being much lower for both properties. Vapor pressures were
      quite accurately estimated, measured and estimated values generally differing by
      less than a factor of two. Mean error factors for water solubility and Koc were
      somewhat higher, but nevertheless better than the order of magnitude accuracy
      commonly assumed. Solubility was very inaccurately estimated for the phenols,
      however. The results indicate that, for the chemicals and properties studied,
      estimated values were sufficiently accurate for screening-level fate assessment.
      TSTCHEM, a revised version of CHEMEST, out-performed the latter with respect to
      the accuracy of solubility and vapor pressure estimates.

PMID- 3359954
TI  - Availability of organic chemicals for biodegradation in settled bottom sediments.
AB  - Biodegradation rates for dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (TMAC), a quaternary
      ammonium compound, and phenol were measured in settled sediments to determine if
      adsorbed chemicals were directly available for biodegradation by sediment
      associated bacteria. In settled sediment cores, biodegradation rates for TMAC,
      which is charged at environmental pH, was a function of the amount of unadsorbed
      chemical; adsorbed material was not directly degraded by the sediment-associated
      bacteria. However, the rate of biodegradation of adsorbed phenol, a relatively
      hydrophobic and neutral chemical, was apparently a function of the total
      concentration of material present, suggesting that at least a fraction of the
      adsorbed material was directly degraded. These results indicate that chemical
      structure and, possibly, the mechanism of adsorption may influence biodegradation
      in sediments. Studies on TMAC biodegradation in completely mixed sediment/water
      slurries (up to 10 g/liter sediment) showed that TMAC biodegradation in slurries
      differed from that in settled sediments. Biodegradation in slurries was a
      function of the total amount of material present, both adsorbed and unadsorbed.
      These results suggest that biodegradation in settled sediments may be influenced
      by high concentrations of sediment present and/or the lack of mixing. Thus mixed,
      low-sediment-level slurries may not be realistic surrogates for modeling
      biodegradation processes in settled bottom sediments.

PMID- 3359955
TI  - Studies of the leaching of atrazine, of its chlorinated derivatives, and of
      hydroxyatrazine from soil using 14C ring-labeled compounds under outdoor
      conditions.
AB  - By the use of unperturbed-structure soil columns placed under field conditions,
      we have evaluated the migration of various 14C ring-labeled s-triazinic compounds
      (atrazine, its chlorinated derivatives, hydroxyatrazine) into leached water over
      a 1-year period. The results obtained by determination of the leached
      radioactivity allow us to establish a classification of the mobility for each
      product and its possibility of contaminating infiltration water in the soil.
      Qualitative analysis of the leached residues confirms the predominant presence of
      deethylated atrazine.

PMID- 3359956
TI  - Studies of the movement and the formation of bound residues of atrazine, of its
      chlorinated derivatives, and of hydroxyatrazine in soil using 14C ring-labeled
      compounds under outdoor conditions.
AB  - Using unperturbed-structure soil columns, placed under field conditions for a 1
      year period, we have evaluated the possibilities of penetration into the soil of
      various 14C ring-labeled s-triazinic compounds: atrazine, chlorinated
      derivatives, and hydroxyatrazine. We have simultaneously examined the
      possibilities of formation of bound residues for each of the compounds. 2-Cl-4,6
      Diaminoatrazine appears to be the product most apt to form bound residues but
      this reaction is paralleled by a rapid loss of total residues. On the other hand,
      hydroxyatrazine is a strongly adsorbed product which is lost from the soil into
      the atmosphere only slowly and forms practically no bound residues.

PMID- 3359957
TI  - Sublethal effects of tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone--a component in bleachery
      effluents from pulp mills--on vertebral quality and physiological parameters in
      fourhorn sculpin.
AB  - The effects of tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (TCQ), a component in bleached kraft
      mill effluents (BKME), on vertebral and physiological parameters were
      investigated in juvenile fourhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus quadricornis L. After
      about 4.5 months of exposure to 0.1 and 0.5 mg TCQ/liter in 7% salinity brackish
      water, the fish demonstrated vertebral deformities, aberrant mechanical
      properties of the vertebrae, effects on white and red blood cell counts, enhanced
      activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in erythrocytes, and increased
      levels of ascorbic acid in the liver. The effects are discussed in relation to
      those previously observed in fish exposed to complex BKME in the field and the
      laboratory.

PMID- 3359959
TI  - Growth of Daphnia magna exposed to mixtures of chemicals with diverse modes of
      action.
AB  - Concentrations causing inhibition of growth of Daphnia magna after 16 days of
      exposure were determined for nine chemicals that presumably act through different
      modes of action. The joint toxic effect of a mixture of these chemicals is found
      to be nonadditive.

PMID- 3359960
TI  - Long-term effects of bleached kraft mill effluents on red and white blood cell
      status, ion balance, and vertebral structure in fish.
AB  - In a laboratory investigation fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) were
      exposed for 5-9 months to wastewater from pine and birch lines from a bleached
      kraft pulp plant. This long-term exposure to bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME)
      affected the hematology, the ion balance, and the vertebral structure. Decreased
      values for hematocrit and hemoglobin and a reduced red blood cell count, as well
      as increased levels of methemoglobin, indicated disturbances in the red blood
      cell status. The white blood cell picture was not significantly affected by the
      BKME exposure. Decreased levels of potassium and chloride ions in the blood
      plasma in some of the exposed fish suggest an impaired ability to maintain ion
      homeostasis. Elevated frequencies of vertebral deformations in fish exposed to
      BKME confirm previous observations of vertebral damage in feral fourhorn sculpin
      caught in the receiving body of water of the same bleached kraft pulp industry.
      Many of the parameters analyzed in this investigation may be used as health
      indicators in future laboratory and field studies on fish exposed to BKME.

PMID- 3359958
TI  - Evidence for a maternal yolk factor associated with increased tolerance and
      resistance of feral white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) to waterborne copper.
AB  - White suckers, collected from lakes containing elevated levels of copper (12
      micrograms liter-1) and zinc (250 micrograms liter-1), were evaluated for
      reproductive performance, growth and survival of the larvae, and tolerance of the
      larvae to waterborne copper. Fertilization success was not impaired in white
      suckers from contaminated sites; metal-exposed males performed better than
      control males in fertilization trials with control eggs. Larvae hatched from eggs
      collected at contaminated sites and fertilized in clean water were smaller,
      developed at a slightly increased rate, and exhibited poorer growth and survival
      than larvae from control sites. Larvae showed significant changes in resistance
      and tolerance to copper with age. During the period of endogenous nutrition,
      larvae from eggs taken at contaminated sites showed increased resistance and
      tolerance to waterborne copper relative to controls. The effect was not seen in
      larvae at first feeding, at ages older than 4 days after the onset of feeding (25
      days posthatch) or in larvae hatched from control eggs fertilized with sperm from
      males taken at contaminated sites. This study provides evidence for a maternal
      yolk factor associated with increased tolerance and resistance of larvae to
      copper.

PMID- 3359961
TI  - Relaxin and progesterone secretion as affected by luteinizing hormone and
      prolactin after hysterectomy in the pig.
AB  - Plasma levels of relaxin and progesterone in hysterectomized and pregnant gilts
      were determined from days 100-120 to evaluate the effects of purified porcine (p)
      LH and pPRL on the secretory activity of the aging corpora lutea. Gilts were bred
      on the second observed estrus or were hysterectomized between 6-8 days after
      estrus (estrus = day 0) and were assigned randomly to one of three treatment
      groups; saline-treated control, im injections of pLH, and iv injections of pPRL
      from days 110-120. In control, pLH-treated, and pPRL-treated animals, average
      gestation lengths were 114 +/- 0.8, 116 +/- 1.9, and 115 +/- 0.5 days (+/- SE),
      respectively. The relaxin level in mated gilts on day 100 was less than 2 ng/ml;
      it began to increase after day 110 and peaked in control animals on day 113 (66
      ng/ml), whereas in pLH- and pPRL-treated animals, prepartum peak values were
      greater (P less than 0.01) and occurred on days 113 (104 ng/ml) and 114 (117
      ng/ml), respectively. Relaxin dropped to basal levels (less than 1 ng/ml) by day
      115 in controls and by day 116 in both pLH- and pPRL-treated gilts. Although pLH
      and pPRL treatments markedly accentuated peak relaxin secretion, they did not
      significantly accelerate or delay parturition or delay the abrupt demise of the
      corpora lutea immediately postpartum. In hysterectomized gilts, relaxin began to
      increase after day 110, peaked in control animals on day 113 (27 ng/ml), and
      decreased abruptly thereafter to less than 4 ng/ml. In contrast, pLH caused an
      immediate release of relaxin on day 111 (23 ng/ml) and sustained elevated levels
      (P less than 0.01) of relaxin until day 118, but the original corpora lutea
      regressed. Relaxin in pPRL-treated animals increased steadily after day 110,
      reaching peak values by day 115 (29 ng/ml), and remained consistently elevated (P
      less than 0.01) until day 120. Progesterone secretion was maintained in the pPRL
      treated hysterectomized gilts from days 110-120 by the original corpora lutea and
      with no luteinization of follicles or formation of new corpora lutea. It is
      evident from this study that administration of pPRL starting on day 110 enhanced
      and prolonged the preprogramed release of relaxin and maintained progesterone
      secretion by aging corpora lutea in hysterectomized animals until day 120.

PMID- 3359962
TI  - Trophoblastic giant cells of the mouse placenta as the site of proliferin
      synthesis.
AB  - Proliferin (PLF) is a PRL-related glycoprotein secreted by a number of mouse cell
      lines and by minced mouse placenta. To further investigate the hormone-like
      characteristics of PLF, we have determined the site of PLF synthesis and storage
      in the placenta and its concentration in blood serum during pregnancy. By
      immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization PLF protein and messenger
      RNA (mRNA) were localized to the trophoblastic giant cells. Individual cells
      contained both PLF and placental lactogen II. Trophoblastic giant cells appear to
      secrete PLF into the circulation since PLF was found at levels up to 5
      micrograms/ml in the serum of pregnant mice by RIA and at somewhat lower
      concentrations in the amniotic fluid. Moreover, the serum concentration of PLF
      during pregnancy varied directly with the level of PLF mRNA in the placenta and
      with the number of placentas per animal. These findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that PLF is a placental hormone; its function is not known.

PMID- 3359963
TI  - Inhibitory effect of oxytocin and vasopressin on steroid release by cultured
      porcine luteal cells.
AB  - Previously, we have demonstrated the presence of substances reacting like
      arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) in acid extracts of corpora lutea
      (CL) of pigs by RIA. The present study examined purified extracts of CL by using
      HPLC. The results of these experiments show that CL of nonpregnant sows contain
      AVP and OXT. Little is known about possible auto- and paracrine effects of AVP
      and OXT in the ovary. Therefore, we investigated the influence of AVP and OXT on
      progesterone, estradiol, and androstenedione secretion in porcine luteal cell
      cultures from nonpregnant sows. Progesterone and androstenedione secretion
      increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in the presence of ovine LH (oLH),
      whereas no change in basal estradiol levels could be observed under the same
      conditions. When AVP or OXT was added to the culture system a dose-dependent
      inhibition of basal as well as oLH-stimulated progesterone secretion was
      measured. Under basal conditions, a dose of 1 pg AVP/ml decreased progesterone
      secretion significantly (P less than 0.05), but to reach the same effect in the
      presence of OXT a dose of 100 ng/ml was necessary. In the presence of oLH the
      addition of as little as 0.01 pg AVP/ml inhibited progesterone secretion
      significantly (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, 10 ng OXT/ml or higher doses
      were needed to decrease oLH-stimulated progesterone release. In the presence of
      specific peptide antagonists the inhibitory effect on progesterone release was
      abolished. These results suggest that AVP and OXT effects are mediated through
      specific receptors. OXT and AVP also inhibited androstenedione secretion, but had
      no effect on estradiol secretion. Calculation of the ED50 data from dose-response
      curves of both peptides show that AVP is about 10(4)-fold more active than OXT in
      inhibiting in vitro progesterone and androstenedione secretion. This suggests
      that AVP as well as OXT may play an important role in the regulation of ovarian
      function.

PMID- 3359964
TI  - The effect of simultaneous versus sequential estradiol and progesterone
      treatments on prolactin production in monkey pituitary cell cultures.
AB  - Dispersed monkey pituitary cells were cultured in serum-free medium and on
      extracellular matrix for 30 days. After 10-14 days with only insulin,
      transferrin, and selenium (ITS), the addition of estradiol (E) significantly
      increased PRL secretion compared to that in vehicle-treated controls.
      Simultaneous addition of E plus progesterone (P) increased PRL secretion
      similarly to E alone. PRL secretion in cultures treated with E plus P after 10
      days induction by E was also similar to that in cultures maintained continuously
      in E. PRL secretion declined in wells switched from E to P and in wells switched
      from E back to vehicle, relative to that in wells maintained continuously in E.
      Estrogen receptors (ER) were detected in whole pituitary tissue and in serum-free
      pituitary cultures with a monoclonal antiestrogen receptor antibody (H222) in a
      sucrose density gradient shift assay. Immunocytochemical staining for ER with the
      same antibody also showed positive cell nuclei in serum-free pituitary cultures.
      In summary, ER are maintained in monkey pituitary cells during tissue culture,
      and PRL production can be further increased by E treatment after long term serum
      free culture. Neither simultaneous nor sequential E plus P treatment alters PRL
      secretion compared to E alone.

PMID- 3359965
TI  - Modulation of age-related hyperparathyroidism and senile bone loss in Fischer
      rats by soy protein and food restriction.
AB  - Studies were carried out to explore the influence of soy protein and food
      restriction on age-related changes in serum PTH and bone. Three groups of male
      Fischer 344 rats were studied from 6 weeks of age. Group A rats were fed ad
      libitum diet A, which has casein as the protein source. Group B rats were fed
      diet B (with casein as protein source) at 60% of the mean ad libitum food intake.
      Group C rats were fed ad libitum diet C, which has soy protein as the protein
      source. The animals were killed at periodic intervals beginning at 6 months of
      age after an overnight fast. Serum PTH, measured with an intact N-terminal
      specific RIA, and immunoreactive calcitonin increased progressively with aging.
      The increase was markedly suppressed by food restriction, and in the case of PTH
      by the soy protein diet as well. Serum creatinine started to increase after 18
      months of age, and both dietary regimens of groups 2 and 3 retarded the increase.
      Aging was associated with a fall in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and loss of bone
      occurred during the terminal part of life in the ad libitum-fed animals. These
      were prevented by food restriction, while the soy protein diet delayed the onset
      of bone loss. We conclude from these findings and other data from this study that
      in the male F344 rats 1) an age-related increase in serum PTH precedes an age
      related increase in serum creatinine concentration; 2) an age-related decline in
      renal function probably contributes to age-related hyperparathyroidism, which, in
      turn, contributes to senile bone loss; 3) food restriction inhibits age-related
      hyperparathyroidism and senile bone loss; 4) on the basis of the data from rats
      fed a soy protein-containing diet, a decline in renal function and progressive
      hyperparathyroidism are not inevitable consequences of aging in the ad libitum
      fed rats.

PMID- 3359966
TI  - The effects and interactions of substrates, inhibitors, and the cellular thiol
      disulfide balance on the regulation of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase.
AB  - Thyroid hormones rapidly inhibit type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'DII)
      activity in the rat central nervous system, anterior pituitary gland, and GH3
      pituitary tumor cells. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms responsible
      for this down-regulation, the effects of substrates, inhibitors, and alterations
      in the cellular thiol-disulfide balance on 5'DII regulation were investigated.
      The results demonstrate that in vitro competitive inhibitors, such as iopanoic
      acid, as well as iodothyronine substrates induce a rapid and irreversible loss of
      enzyme activity in rat cerebral cortex and anterior pituitary tissue. The potency
      of these agents in down-regulating this enzymatic process in intact GH3 cells is
      directly related to their competitive inhibitory effects on 5'DII activity in
      vitro. Additional studies demonstrated that treatment of intact GH3 cells with
      the sulfhydryl-oxidizing agent diamide mimicks the effect of substrate and
      results in the rapid inactivation of 5'DII. In contrast, preincubation of cells
      with the sulfhydryl-reducing agent dithiothreitol renders the enzyme less
      susceptible to the down-regulatory effects of substrate. Sulfhydryl-reducing
      agents thus appear to play a dual role in the 5'DII process by serving as
      cosubstrates and by modulating the enzymes susceptibility to substrate-induced
      down-regulation. These findings suggest that the in vivo inhibition of 5'DII by
      thyroid hormones involves a unique mechanism of enzyme regulation whereby the
      binding of ligand to the active site induces the rapid and irreversible
      inactivation and/or degradation of the enzyme. This inactivation of 5'DII
      initiated by substrate binding may be mediated by alterations in the sulfhydryl
      state of the enzyme as it progresses through the catalytic cycle.

PMID- 3359967
TI  - Ontogeny of cytosolic androgen receptors in the brain of the fetal rhesus monkey.
AB  - In this study we compared the binding characteristics of methyltrienolone (R1881)
      in pooled cytosols from the hypothalamus-preoptic area-amygdala-septum (HPAS) of
      adult and fetal rhesus macaques. In addition, we studied the ontogeny of
      cytosolic androgen receptors (AR) in fetal neural tissue. Intact adult males and
      fetal rhesus monkeys of known gestational age were our experimental subjects.
      Fetuses were delivered by cesarean section at 50, 65, 80, and 150 days gestation.
      HPAS cytosols from 150-day fetuses and adult males were incubated with the
      synthetic ligand, [3H]R1881, for determining AR characteristics and to validate
      the assay. A single high affinity, low capacity receptor for R1881 was found in
      HPAS cytosols. The apparent dissociation constant was similar between adult and
      fetal HPAS (1.09 X 10(-10) vs. 1.59 X 10(-10) M, respectively). Binding
      specificity was determined by the addition of excess radioinert testosterone (T),
      5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, or progesterone to the incubation tube.
      R1881 binding was displaced by the addition of excess amounts of T and
      dihydrotestosterone, but not of estradiol or progesterone. There were no
      differences between fetal and adult animals. Single point analyses of AR numbers
      in fetal animals showed significant age and regional differences (P less than
      0.05). Since no sex differences were apparent, data from males and females were
      combined. In the hypothalamus-preoptic area there was a significant increase in
      AR throughout gestation [1.3 +/- 0.4 (+/- SE) fmol/mg protein; n = 7 (50 days
      gestation) vs. 6.2 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein; n = 4 (150 days of gestation); P less
      than 0.01]. These values differed significantly from adult male hypothalamic
      preoptic area (14.1 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein; P less than 0.01; n = 3). AR levels
      in frontal and temporal cortex were high on day 50 of gestation, but showed a
      significant decline by day 150 (P less than 0.05). The administration of
      testosterone propionate (25 mg/kg.day) to pregnant animals from 40-50 days
      gestation, which resulted in elevated levels of serum T in female, but not male,
      fetuses had no effect on AR in any brain region studied. These studies confirm
      the presence of AR in fetal monkey brain. New information is provided on the
      changes in AR numbers in cortical and hypothalamic tissues during the critical
      period for sexual differentiation of the primate brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3359968
TI  - Cell cycle dependence of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors in cultured GC cells:
      relationship to nuclear matrix.
AB  - The DNA synthesis (S) phase of cultured GC cells, a clonal rat pituitary tumor
      cell line, is characterized by increases in nuclear receptors for T3 and
      glucocorticoid (G) hormones. However, this increased receptor abundance appears
      functionally dissociated from the GH gene since GH messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis
      is decreased in S-phase cells. We have now examined a putative structural
      correlate of this dissociation by measuring the abundance of T3 and G receptors
      and the GH gene in the nuclear matrix (NM)/scaffold fraction. NM of control and S
      phase cultures both contained 30-50% of G receptors. Thirty to 50% of T3
      receptors were also localized to NM of asynchronous cultures, but T3 receptor
      abundance (femtomoles per 100 micrograms of protein) was significantly decreased
      in NM of S-phase cultures: Exp 1 (control, 140 +/- 6.2; S-phase, 56.5 +/- 0.8;
      Exp 2 (control, 170 +/- 12; S-phase, 105 +/- 2.4). Nuclear scaffolds were
      digested with restriction enzymes to solubilize DNA loop structures and probed
      with GH complementary DNA (cDNA) to examine the distribution of transcribed
      regions of the GH gene. EcoR1 digestion resulted in an 11 kilobase fragment
      including the reported regulatory sequences for T3 receptors. No specific
      differences in GH gene localization to nuclear scaffold were observed between
      asynchronous and S-phase cultures or in different hormonal states. Thus, GH gene
      localization to nuclear scaffolds was not correlated with changes in
      transcription induced by T3 and G hormones or position in the cell cycle. These
      studies suggest that decreased concentration of T3 receptors in the NM fraction
      of S-phase cultures may be a structural correlate for cell cycle regulation of T3
      receptor function.

PMID- 3359969
TI  - delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]iodo-19-nortestosterone: a gamma-emitting photoaffinity
      label for the progesterone receptor.
AB  - We have synthesized 16 alpha-iodo-4,9-estradien-17 beta-ol-3-one [delta 9-16
      alpha-iodo-19-nortestosterone (delta 9-INT)] labeled with 125I (delta 9-[16 alpha
      125I]INT) to provide a new gamma-emitting photoaffinity ligand for the
      progesterone receptor that has many advantages over the currently available
      [3H]R5020. We have characterized the interaction of delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT
      with the rabbit uterine progesterone receptor and have demonstrated the
      usefulness of this compound for studies of receptor structure. The binding of 2
      nM [3H]progesterone to receptor in rabbit uterine cytosol was specifically
      competed for by 19-nortestosterone, 16 alpha-iodo-19-nortestosterone, and delta 9
      INT. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT and
      [3H]progesterone estimated the same number of binding sites in rabbit uterine
      cytosol, with a Kd for delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT of about 2.7 nM. The binding of
      delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT was inhibited by both progesterone and R5020, whereas
      testosterone, estradiol, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were ineffective. In
      cytosol, delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT covalently labeled the same mol wt receptor
      forms as [3H]R5020. Although the efficiency of cross-linking was similar for
      [3H]R5020 (3%) and delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT (4%), the radioactivity was 10-fold
      greater due to the higher specific activity of delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT and the
      lack of sample quench. The use of delta 9-[16 alpha-125I]INT greatly increases
      the sensitivity and efficiency of the photoaffinity labeling technique; it will
      provide a valuable tool for further studies of the progesterone receptor,
      allowing the detection of receptor in dilute cytosol after gel electrophoresis
      under denaturing conditions.

PMID- 3359971
TI  - Thyroid hormone regulation of heme synthesis in rat liver.
AB  - Thyroid hormone alters the rate of heme degradation and the levels of cytochrome
      P450 in rat liver. These studies report the effects of thyroid status on the
      activity of hepatic delta-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), the initial and rate
      limiting enzyme in heme synthesis. Thyroidectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats
      received sc injections of diluent or hormones. T3 was found to stimulate ALAS
      activity in the liver in doses which rendered the animals euthyroid (0.3
      microgram/100 g BW.day). Higher doses failed to enhance enzyme activity further.
      T4 had similar effects but was less potent; rT3 had no effect on ALAS activity.
      The administration of a large single dose of T3 (50 micrograms/100 g BW) produced
      a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in ALAS activity 72 h later.
      Allylisopropylacetamide administration induced ALAS activity to identical levels
      in both hypothyroid and T3-replaced animals when administered at a dose of 200
      mg/kg body wt. A dose of 400 mg/kg body wt allylisopropylacetamide, one
      associated with maximal induction of ALAS, resulted in an 80% higher enzyme
      activity in T3-treated animals compared with controls. Exogenous T3 had no effect
      on ALAS activity in sham-operated animals. These findings indicate that thyroid
      status can influence the activity of ALAS, the rate-limiting enzyme in the
      synthesis of heme in rat liver, as well as heme degradation and the content of
      cytochrome P450 in this organ.

PMID- 3359970
TI  - Effect of preparturient 17 beta-estradiol and relaxin on parturition and pup
      survival in the rat.
AB  - This study examined the requirement for 17 beta-estradiol (E) and relaxin (R)
      during the preparturient period (approximately the last 30 h of gestation) for
      normal parturition and pup survival in the rat. On the evening of day 21 of
      pregnancy, primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally ovariectomized or
      sham operated and fitted with Silastic capsules containing one of four doses of E
      (6.0, 11.4, 45.6, or 68.4 micrograms in sesame oil) or sesame oil only. These
      rats were also injected sc with either 200 micrograms highly purified porcine R
      dissolved in 200 microliter 5% beeswax in corn oil or R vehicle three times
      (approximately 8 to 10-h intervals) beginning at ovariectomy. The durations of
      straining and delivery were increasingly prolonged with increasing doses of E in
      the ovariectomized groups that received E but no R. In rats that received the two
      highest doses of E there was a reduction in the percentage of pups born alive and
      a reduction in pups surviving on day 2 postpartum, and one or two undelivered
      fetuses were retained in utero in some animals 3 days postpartum. The
      administration of R with the two highest doses of E restored all parturition
      parameters to values not different from those of intact controls. In the absence
      of both E and R, all measured parturition parameters were abnormal, and
      administration of R in the absence of E only partially restored them to control
      values. Two major conclusions are drawn. First, E treatment alone to pregnant
      rats ovariectomized on day 21 fails to elicit normal parturition; indeed, with
      increasing doses of E, parturition parameters and pup survival become
      increasingly adversely affected. Second, R treatment of E-treated ovariectomized
      rats during the immediate preparturient period restores parturition parameters
      and pup survival to the levels of intact sham-operated controls.

PMID- 3359972
TI  - Angiotensin II receptors in testes.
AB  - Receptors for angiotensin II (AII) were identified and characterized in testes of
      rats and several primate species. Autoradiographic analysis of the binding of
      125I-labeled [Sar1,Ile8]AII to rat, rhesus monkey, cebus monkey, and human
      testicular slide-mounted frozen sections indicated specific binding to Leydig
      cells in the interstitium. In rat collagenase-dispersed interstitial cells
      fractionated by Percoll gradient, AII receptor content was parallel to that of
      hCG receptors, confirming that the AII receptors are in the Leydig cells. In rat
      dispersed Leydig cells, binding was specific for AII and its analogs and of high
      affinity (Kd, 4.8 nM), with a receptor concentration of 15 fmol/10(6) cells.
      Studies of AII receptors in rat testes during development reveals the presence of
      high receptor density in newborn rats which decreases toward the adult age (4934
      +/- 309, 1460 +/- 228, 772 +/- 169, and 82 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein at 5, 15, 20,
      and 30 days of age, respectively) with no change in affinity. At all ages
      receptors were located in the interstitium, and the decrease in binding was
      parallel to the decrease in the interstitial to tubular ratio observed with age.
      AII receptor properties in membrane-rich fractions from prepuberal testes were
      similar in the rat and rhesus monkey. Binding was time and temperature dependent,
      reaching a plateau at 60 min at 37 C, and was increased by divalent cations,
      EGTA, and dithiothreitol up to 0.5 mM. In membranes from prepuberal monkey
      testes, AII receptors were specific for AII analogs and of high affinity (Kd, 4.2
      nM) with a receptor concentration of 7599 +/- 1342 fmol/mg protein. The presence
      of AII receptors in Leydig cells in rat and primate testes in conjunction with
      reports of the presence of other components of the renin-angiotensin system in
      the testes suggests that the peptide has a physiological role in testicular
      function.

PMID- 3359973
TI  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrects bone loss but suppresses bone remodeling in
      ovariohysterectomized beagle dogs.
AB  - The decrease in intestinal calcium absorption and lower blood levels of 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D3] have been implicated in the pathogenesis of
      postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study evaluates the effects on bone of 1,25
      (OH)2D3 therapy using the ovariohysterectomized dog model. The cessation of
      ovarian function was ascertained by an increase in serum LH levels 4 weeks after
      ovariohysterectomy, and significant bone loss was revealed four months after
      ovariohysterectomy. The bone loss was associated with an increase in the number
      of bone-forming cells and a decrease in the activity of these cells. The
      administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 increased the activity of the bone cells and
      resulted in a reversal of all abnormalities in structural parameters of bone,
      including cancellous bone mass, trabecular wall thickness, trabecular plate
      separation, trabecular plate density, and trabecular plate thickness (which
      increased above normal). However, 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy was also associated with a
      significant decrease in the number of bone-forming cells, resulting in lower bone
      formation at the tissue level. The results of this study indicate that 1,25
      (OH)2D3 therapy can reverse the bone loss and osteoblastic insufficiency
      responsible for the maintenance of negative bone balance after the cessation of
      ovarian function. However, this therapy has a suppressive effect on bone cell
      number and bone turnover. This undesired side-effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy
      renders a chronic therapeutic regimen inefficient for the long term management of
      patients with osteoporosis. Intermittent 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy or a sequential
      therapy using 1,25-(OH)2D3 along with substances known to increase the number of
      bone-forming cells is strongly suggested by these results.

PMID- 3359974
TI  - Inhibition of peripheral aromatization in baboons by an enzyme-activated
      aromatase inhibitor (MDL 18,962).
AB  - The peripheral aromatization ([rho]BM) of androstenedione (A) and testosterone
      (T) was measured before and after administration of the aromatase inhibitor 10-(2
      propynyl)estr-4-ene-3,17-dione (MDL-18,962) to five mature female baboons, Papio
      annubis. The measurements were made by infusing [3H]androstenedione/[14C]estrone
      or [3H]testosterone/[14C]estradiol for 3.5 h and collecting blood samples during
      the infusions and all urine for 96 h from the start of the infusion. Blood
      samples were analyzed for radioactivity as infused and product steroids, and the
      data were used to calculate MCRs. An aliquot of the pooled urine was analyzed for
      the glucuronides of estrone and estradiol and used to calculate the [rho]BM. MDL
      18,962 was administered as a pulse in polyethylene glycol-400 (1-5 ml) either iv
      or via gastric tube 30 min before administration of the radiolabeled steroids.
      Control studies were done with and without polyethylene glycol-400
      administration. When MDL-18,962 was given iv at 4 mg/kg, the aromatization of A
      was decreased 91.8 +/- 0.9% from the control value of 1.23 +/- 0.13% to 0.11 +/-
      0.01%. At the same dose, aromatization of T was decreased 82.0 +/- 7.1%, from a
      control value of 0.20 +/- 0.03% to 0.037 +/- 0.018%. When MDL-18,962 was given iv
      at doses of 0.4, 0.1, 0.04, and 0.01 mg/kg, the values for aromatization of A
      were 0.16 +/- 0.03%, 0.18 +/- 0.06%, 0.37 +/- 11%, and 0.65 +/- 0.09%,
      respectively. The administration of MDL-18,962 via gastric tube at 4 mg/kg as a
      pulse decreased the aromatization of A from 1.35 +/- 0.06% to 0.43 +/- 0.12%, an
      inhibition of 67.2 +/- 10.7%. When administered via gastric tube daily for 5 days
      at 4 mg/kg, the aromatization of A fell from 1.35 +/- 0.06% to 0.063 +/- 0.003%,
      an inhibition of 84.4 +/- 0.5%. The MCRs of A and estrone were not altered by any
      dose of MDL-18,962 regardless of the mode of administration, but there was an
      increase in the MCRs of T and estradiol at the only dose (4 mg/kg, iv) at which
      these steroids were infused. The interconversions between the androgens and
      between the estrogens were not altered by the administration of MDL-18,962 at 4
      mg/kg, iv. The enzyme-activated inhibitor MDL-18,962 is an effective inhibitor of
      [rho BM] in female baboons and could prove to be a useful therapeutic agent in
      treating estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

PMID- 3359975
TI  - Effect of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) on placental low density
      lipoprotein uptake and degradation in baboons.
AB  - The present study determined if the decline in placental progesterone (P4)
      production that results from administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol
      (MER-25) to pregnant baboons results from a change in placental low density
      lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and/or degradation. Pregnant baboons (Papio anubis) were
      untreated (n = 10) or received MER-25 (25 mg/kg BW, orally; n = 10) daily on days
      140-170 of gestation (term, 184 days). Placentas were removed by cesarean section
      on day 170 of gestation, and villous tissue was dispersed with 0.1% collagenase
      at 37 C for 40 min. Placental cells (10(6)) were incubated in medium 199 (pH 7.2)
      for 12 h at 37 C with increasing amounts (5-100 micrograms) of [125I]LDL, with or
      without a 100-fold excess of unlabeled baboon LDL. Mean (+/- SE) peripheral serum
      P4 concentrations on days 140-170 of gestation were 51% lower (P less than 0.01)
      in MER-25-treated (5.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) than in untreated (11.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml)
      baboons. The uptake of LDL was 56% lower (P less than 0.01) in placental cells
      from antiestrogen-treated (6.3 +/- 1.6 ng/micrograms cell protein) than in those
      from untreated (14.4 +/- 1.9 ng/micrograms cell protein) baboons. The
      dissociation constants for placental LDL uptake, as assessed by Scatchard
      analysis, however, were similar in untreated (0.80 microgram/ml) and MER-25
      treated (0.76 microgram/ml) animals. The amount of [125I]LDL concomitantly
      degraded by cells from baboons that received MER-25 was 54% of that degraded by
      cells from untreated controls. The relative decline in LDL degradation by cells
      of antiestrogen-treated baboons was proportionate to the decline in overall LDL
      uptake. The results indicate, therefore, that antiestrogen treatment decreased
      the amount of placental LDL uptake, but did not change the affinity for the
      lipoprotein. We suggest that the decline in placental P4 production elicited in
      pregnant baboons by antiestrogen results, at least in part, from subnormal LDL
      uptake. We propose that one of the mechanisms by which estrogen regulates the
      biosynthesis of P4 by the placenta during baboon pregnancy is by increasing
      receptor-mediated placental cell uptake of cholesterol in the form of LDL.
      Estrogen, therefore, may regulate LDL uptake by the placenta and thus the
      availability of cholesterol for P4 biosynthesis via the LDL pathway.

PMID- 3359976
TI  - Luteinizing hormone triggers a molecular association between its receptor and the
      major histocompatibility complex class I antigen to produce cell activation.
AB  - We studied the involvement of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I antigens on
      the mechanism of LH/hCG receptor activation. For this purpose we investigated the
      effects of anti-MHC class I antibodies on hormone-receptor interaction, signal
      transduction, and MHC class I antigen-receptor interaction. Monoclonal antibodies
      against MHC class I antigen were able to stimulate testosterone production in
      mouse Leydig cells with the same potency as LH. This biological effect depends on
      the concentration of antibody used and could be abolished by a LH antagonist.
      There is a perfect parallelism, for each monoclonal antibody, between the
      specificity for a particular haplotype and the response of the target cells from
      the strains carrying such a haplotype. The same antibodies were able to
      precipitate the soluble LH/hCG receptors, as both a hormone-receptor complex and
      a free receptor. The results suggest that bound hormone triggers an association
      of the MHC class I antigen with the LH/hCG receptor, resulting in activation of
      the target cell.

PMID- 3359977
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates adrenal aldosterone and corticosterone
      secretion.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers have been
      demonstrated in the rat adrenal cortex in close association with zona glomerulosa
      cells, suggesting neural regulation of adrenocortical cell function (5). The
      present studies were undertaken to study the possible role of VIP in the
      regulation of steroid hormone secretion from the outer zones of the normal rat
      adrenal cortex. Capsule-glomerulosa preparations, consisting of the capsule, zona
      glomerulosa, and a small but variable portion of the zona fasciculata, were
      perifused in vitro. To assess the secretory responsiveness of the capsule
      glomerulosa preparation, aldosterone and corticosterone release were measured
      after stimulation with ACTH and angiotensin II. ACTH (10(-12)-10(-8) M)
      stimulated dose-dependent increases in aldosterone secretion (1.9- to 36.9-fold
      increases over basal values) and corticosterone secretion (1.4- to 14.0-fold
      increases over basal values). Angiotensin II (10(-8)-10(-5) M) stimulated dose
      dependent increases in aldosterone secretion (1.6- to 8.8-fold increases over
      basal values). VIP (10(-6)-10(-4) M) stimulated dose-dependent increases in both
      aldosterone (1.7- to 41.0-fold) and corticosterone secretion (1.8- to 5.3-fold).
      However, glucagon and (N-Ac-Tyr1-D-Phe2)GRF-(1-29)NH2, peptides structurally
      related to VIP, stimulated neither aldosterone nor corticosterone secretion,
      indicating that VIP effects are likely to be specific for this peptide. It is
      noteworthy that in this preparation, the stimulation of corticosteroid secretion
      by VIP at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M was comparable to those by 10(-6) M angiotensin II
      and 10(-9) M ACTH, respectively. These results support the hypothesis that the
      VIP innervation of the adrenal cortex may contribute directly to the regulation
      of adrenal steroidogenesis.

PMID- 3359978
TI  - Analysis of glucocorticoid actions on rat thymocyte deoxyribonucleic acid by
      fluorescence-activated flow cytometry.
AB  - Glucocorticoids induce thymocyte cell death via mechanisms that occur in concert
      with internucleosomal DNA cleavage. To further study this process at the single
      cell level, glucocorticoid effects on rat thymocyte DNA were analyzed using
      fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. Thymocytes were isolated from
      adrenalectomized rats, treated in vitro with steroid hormones, stained with 0.1
      mM acridine orange, and analyzed by flow cytometry. After 5 h of treatment with
      10(-7) M dexamethasone a population of thymocytes with reduced acridine orange
      binding was observed. Thymocyte viability after glucocorticoid treatment was
      greater than 95%, indicating that the observed changes in dye binding occurred
      before cell death. Induction of this subpopulation of thymocytes was both time
      and steroid concentration dependent, being detectable within 2 h of in vitro
      steroid treatment. This response to glucocorticoids was blocked by the
      glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486, indicating a steroid receptor-mediated
      process. Furthermore, both actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked the appearance
      of this glucocorticoid effect, thus demonstrating a dependence upon RNA and
      protein biosynthesis, respectively. Incubation of thymocytes with inhibitors of
      DNA repair (aminobenzamide or methylnicotinamide) also diminished acridine orange
      binding to thymocytes. The effects of these DNA repair inhibitors and
      glucocorticoids were additive, suggesting independent mechanisms of action.
      Dexamethasone treatment (10(-7) M) of cells that fail to die in response to
      glucocorticoids (HeLa S3) had no effect on dye binding. These findings are
      consistent with the concept that glucocorticoids induce a lysis gene product that
      alters the thymocyte genome and thus leads to cell death.

PMID- 3359979
TI  - Deciduoma growth in the ovariectomized guinea pig: steroid hormone-mediated
      vascular support of endometrial differentiation.
AB  - The ability of ovarian steroid hormones to modulate experimentally induced
      decidual tissue (DT) growth and the associated changes in uterine blood flow
      rates (UBF) was examined in ovariectomized guinea pigs after uterine trauma
      (designated day 0 of the studies). Uteri that were exposed, but not manipulated,
      served as controls. Uterine and DT weights as well as UBF, rates, were
      subsequently recorded on either day 5 or 10 posttrauma. Oil treatment failed to
      induce an increase in either control or traumatized uterine weights between days
      5 and 10, and trauma had no effect on UBF rates in either group. Daily
      progesterone (P; 2 mg) treatment induced a significant elevation in DT weight by
      day 10 and elevated UBF rates between days 5 and 10 relative to control values.
      Daily P treatment augmented by estradiol (E2; 1 microgram) therapy on days 0 and
      1 induced a significant increase in DT weights and UBF rates between days 5 and
      10 in both control and DT groups relative to those in oil-treated animals.
      Combined P and E2 (P/E2) treatment induced a moderate increase in DT weight by
      day 10 posttrauma and elevated UBF rates in both control and DT groups. Acute
      treatment (i.e. days -3 to 0) with these steroid regimens indicated that neither
      P nor P/E2 treatment maintained DT growth. However, day -3 to 0 treatment with P
      in combination with a single day 0 injection of E2 allowed for maximal DT growth
      by day 10 and maintained elevated UBF rates relative to control values. P/E2
      treatment between days -3 and 0 also induced an increase in UBF rates in both
      control and DT uteri relative to those in oil-treated animals. These results
      indicate that E2 is essential for supporting the P-directed differentiation and
      proliferation of stimulated guinea pig endometrium into DT. The ability of
      decidualization to occur in the absence of chronic steroid support indicates that
      uterine sensitization for cellular differentiation in this species only requires
      that the endometrium be initially primed by ovarian steroid hormones, but that
      subsequent growth is autonomous.

PMID- 3359980
TI  - Regulation of pituitary insulin-like growth factor-I messenger ribonucleic acid
      levels in rats harboring somatomammotropic tumors: implications for growth
      hormone autoregulation.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is produced in multiple tissues and is
      believed to exert its action in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. We have
      investigated the GH dependency of tissue IGF-I gene expression in rats harboring
      implanted somatomammotropic tumors. Circulating GH and radioimmunoassayable IGF-I
      levels were markedly elevated in these animals. Hepatic IGF-I messenger RNA
      (mRNA) transcripts were induced about 5-fold in the tumor-bearing rats relative
      to control animals, and about 50-fold relative to the hypophysectomized liver IGF
      I mRNA. IGF-I mRNA content was also modestly induced in the heart, muscle, and
      kidney of the tumor-bearing animals. IGF-I mRNA transcripts of 8.0, 6.2, 3.8,
      2.4, 1.3, and 1.0 kilobases were markedly stimulated in the pituitaries of the GH
      tumor bearing rats relative to control pituitaries. Pituitary IGF-I mRNA
      induction was maximal between 2 and 6 weeks after tumor implantation, a time at
      which circulating GH levels were also increasing sharply. As previously reported,
      pituitary GH mRNA was inhibited in tumor-bearing rats. The stimulation of
      pituitary IGF-I gene expression in these animals, therefore, appears to be
      dependent on circulating, and not local, pituitary GH concentrations. These data
      support the GH dependency of pituitary IGF-I gene expression. IGF-I is known to
      decrease GH production in vitro. High circulating levels of IGF-I present in
      these animals may account for the observed inhibition of GH gene expression.
      These data raise the alternative possibility that induction of locally produced
      IGF-I may contribute to this phenomenon.

PMID- 3359981
TI  - Effects of growth hormone on glucose metabolism and glucose transport in 3T3
      F442A cells: dependence on cell differentiation.
AB  - In differentiated adipocytes of the 3T3-F442A cell line, 4-h incubation with
      human GH transiently stimulates glucose oxidation and lipid accumulation. When
      the incubation is extended to 48 h, hGH suppresses these indicators of glucose
      metabolism. The stimulation of glucose oxidation or lipid accumulation required a
      period of serum deprivation before incubation with GH, while the later inhibitory
      effect of GH occurred equally well whether or not cells were serum-deprived.
      Since the 3T3-F442A adipocytes differentiate in culture from preadipocyte
      fibroblasts, we examined the importance of the state of differentiation on
      metabolic responses to GH. GH had no reproducible effect on glucose oxidation
      after 4 or 48 h in the preadipocyte fibroblasts. To determine whether the effects
      of GH on glucose metabolism involved changes in glucose transport, the uptake of
      a low concentration (558 nM) of [14C]glucose was measured in the adipocytes.
      Glucose uptake increased 2- to 4-fold after 5-15 min of incubation with GH. This
      rapid response peaked in 15-30 min and subsided by 120 min despite the continued
      presence of GH. After 24 h of incubation with GH, glucose uptake was inhibited.
      In preadipocytes, GH occasionally stimulated glucose uptake in a transient
      manner. When present, the stimulation was generally of lesser magnitude and
      shorter duration than in the adipocytes. No inhibition of glucose uptake was
      observed in the preadipocytes after 24 h of incubation. These differences in
      responsiveness of the preadipocytes compared to the adipocytes cannot be
      attributed to differences in receptor binding or detectable differences in GH
      receptor type or size, as determined by migration of [125I]iodohuman GH-receptor
      complexes in electrophoretic gels. These findings indicate that GH rapidly alters
      glucose uptake in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. The changes in glucose uptake most likely
      play a major role in the GH-induced changes in the conversion of glucose to lipid
      and CO2 observed previously. These metabolic responses to GH are dependent on the
      adipose conversion of the 3T3-F442A cells. As the 3T3-F442A cells express the
      adipocyte phenotype, development of increased metabolic regulation by GH appears
      to require changes in postbinding or postreceptor phenomena.

PMID- 3359982
TI  - Evidence for the presence of nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors in
      secondary cultures of pure rat oligodendrocytes.
AB  - It has been reported that oligodendrocytes do not contain nuclear T3 receptors,
      which is in apparent contradiction with the well-known effects of thyroid
      hormones on myelination. In this study we have reexamined the presence of
      receptors in this cell population, using pure rat oligodendrocyte cultures. T3
      binding was also studied with the use of pure rat astrocytes as well as in mixed
      neuronal-glial cultures. The latter are mainly neuronal during the first days in
      culture and essentially glial thereafter. Binding studies carried out in intact
      cells demonstrated the presence of high affinity-low capacity binding sites for
      thyroid hormones in pure cultures of oligodendrocytes. The maximal binding
      capacity was 50-60 fmol/100 micrograms DNA and the dissociation constant (Kd)
      0.13 nM. Pure rat astrocyte cultures also contained high affinity sites for
      thyroid hormones, although receptor concentrations was 2-3 times lower than in
      oligodendrocytes or neurons. This was confirmed in pure cultures of chick
      astrocytes and in neuronal-glial cultures during the astroglial period. The
      relative affinity of the receptor for thyroid hormone analogs was
      triiodothyroacetic acid = T3 greater than T4 greater than tetraiodothyroacetic
      acid in oligodendrocyte and astrocyte nuclei, and the sedimentation coefficient
      of the receptor was approximately 3.8S in both cell types. These results
      demonstrate that nuclear T3 receptors similar to those found in neurons and
      astrocytes are also present in oligodendrocytes. This suggests that the effects
      of thyroid hormones on myelination could result from a direct action of the
      hormone in the oligodendrocytes.

PMID- 3359983
TI  - Pituitary factors regulating mouse placental lactogen-II secretion during the
      last half of pregnancy in mice.
AB  - Hypophysectomy of mice during the last half of pregnancy results in an increase
      in the maternal serum mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II) concentration. The
      present study was undertaken to isolate and identify the pituitary factors that
      regulate mPL-II. Administration of pituitary extracts from virgin and day 12
      pregnant mice (five pituitaries per mouse, every 8 h, sc) and bilateral pituitary
      implants under the kidney capsule significantly inhibited the increase in the mPL
      II concentration that occurs within 24 h after hypophysectomy on day 12 of
      pregnancy, which indicated that the pituitary secretes factors that regulate mPL
      II. To characterize these factors biochemically, pituitaries from virgin female
      mice were incubated for 14 days, and the culture medium was pooled, concentrated,
      and then fractionated by gel exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100, followed
      by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE. The fraction from DEAE chromatography
      that contained predominantly mouse (m) GH as well as a very small amount of a
      substance with an approximate mol wt of 23K suppressed the posthypophysectomy
      rise in serum mPL-II. To determine whether purified PRL, GH, and the unknown 23K
      substance present in the active fraction from the DEAE column could suppress the
      posthypophysectomy rise in serum mPL-II, repeated injections and constant
      infusion of these substances were carried out in hypophysectomized mice. Repeated
      injections of purified mPRL and bovine (b) PRL and constant infusion of mPRL were
      without effect. Repeated injection of mGH at doses of 1 and 10 micrograms/mouse
      or of bGH at doses of 50, 150, and 450 micrograms/mouse were also not effective,
      but bGH injections at a dose of 5 mg/mouse suppressed the posthypophysectomy rise
      in serum mPL-II. Subsequently, two pools of mGH were prepared by ion exchange
      HPLC; mGH-A contained predominantly mGH as well as a very small amount of an
      unidentified 23K mol wt substance, and mGH-B contained only mGH. When mGH-A and
      mGH-B were infused at a constant rate into hypophysectomized pregnant mice, both
      suppressed serum mPL-II concentrations; there was no difference in activity
      between mGH-A and mGH-B. These results indicate that mGH, but not mPRL, regulates
      the serum PL-II concentration in the mouse. mPL-II secretion is under the
      inhibitory control of mGH, the concentration of which increases rapidly at the
      beginning of the last half of pregnancy.

PMID- 3359984
TI  - Prolongation of luteal lifespan in cows by intrauterine infusion of recombinant
      bovine alpha-interferon.
AB  - The infusion of recombinant bovine interferon-alpha I 1 into the uterus of cyclic
      cows from day 15.5 to 21 after estrus delayed luteolysis. Interferon-treated cows
      had a mean inter-estrous interval of 26.8 +/- 1.39 d, a length that was longer (P
      less than 0.02) than the inter-estrous interval for control cows (22.8 +/- 0.80
      d). Measurements of circulating concentrations of progesterone confirmed that the
      longer inter-estrous intervals were due to an increase in corpus luteum lifespan
      following treatment with interferon. These results support the hypothesis that an
      alpha-interferon-like molecule could play a major role in establishment of
      pregnancy in cattle.

PMID- 3359985
TI  - Evaluating the role of colour in a flight information cockpit display.

PMID- 3359986
TI  - Energy cost of stepping in protective clothing ensembles.

PMID- 3359987
TI  - Physical training intervention in female shift workers: I. The effects of
      intervention on fitness, fatigue, sleep, and psychosomatic symptoms.

PMID- 3359988
TI  - Physical training intervention in female shift workers: II. The effects of
      intervention on the circadian rhythms of alertness, short-term memory, and body
      temperature.

PMID- 3359989
TI  - Occupational musculoskeletal disorders in lunch centre workers.

PMID- 3359990
TI  - Maximum acceptable weights, heart rates and RPEs for one hour's repetitive
      asymmetric lifting.

PMID- 3359991
TI  - The pianist's hand: anthropometry and biomechanics.

PMID- 3359992
TI  - Phosphorylation of desmin in vitro inhibits formation of intermediate filaments;
      identification of three kinase A sites in the aminoterminal head domain.
AB  - The in vitro phosphorylation of chicken desmin by the catalytic subunit of cAMP
      dependent protein kinase was analysed. Phosphorylated desmin loses the ability to
      form intermediate filaments (IFs). Fragmentation at the sole cysteine and mild
      chymotryptic treatment show a differential phosphorylation of the three
      structural domains. Only the amino-terminal head domain is the target of the
      kinase. Peptide analysis shows that serine 29 is fully phosphorylated, while
      serine 35 and 50 are phosphorylated at least at 22 and 50% respectively. All
      three sites show the sequence arginine-X-serine with X being a small residue.
      These results strengthen the view that the nonhelical head domain has a strong
      influence on filament integrity most likely via a direct influence of some of its
      arginine residues. Taken together with previous results (Inagaki et al., 1987) on
      the phosphorylation of vimentin by kinase A, a new view on IFs emerges.
      Phosphorylation could allow for regulatory processes in assembly and turnover.

PMID- 3359993
TI  - Characterization of the hormone-binding domain of the chicken c-erbA/thyroid
      hormone receptor protein.
AB  - To identify and characterize the hormone-binding domain of the thyroid hormone
      receptor, we analyzed the ligand-binding capacities of proteins representing
      chimeras between the normal receptor and P75gag-v-erbA, the retrovirus-encoded
      form deficient in binding ligand. Our results show that several mutations present
      in the carboxy-terminal half of P75gag-v-erbA co-operate in abolishing hormone
      binding, and that the ligand-binding domain resides in a position analogous to
      that of steroid receptors. Furthermore, a point mutation that is located between
      the putative DNA and ligand-binding domains of P75gag-v-erbA and that renders it
      biologically inactive fails to affect hormone binding by the c-erbA protein.
      These results suggest that the mutation changed the ability of P75gag-v-erbA to
      affect transcription since it also had no effect on DNA binding. Our data also
      suggest that hormone-independent activity of P75gag-v-erbA provided a selective
      advantage to the avian erythroblastosis virus during the original selection for a
      highly oncogenic strain of the virus.

PMID- 3359994
TI  - Human DNA polymerase alpha gene expression is cell proliferation dependent and
      its primary structure is similar to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic replicative
      DNA polymerases.
AB  - We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the human DNA polymerase alpha catalytic
      polypeptide. Studies of the human DNA polymerase alpha steady-state mRNA levels
      in quiescent cells stimulated to proliferate, or normal cells compared to
      transformed cells, demonstrate that the polymerase alpha mRNA, like its enzymatic
      activity and de novo protein synthesis, positively correlates with cell
      proliferation and transformation. Analysis of the deduced 1462-amino-acid
      sequence reveals six regions of striking similarity to yeast DNA polymerase I and
      DNA polymerases of bacteriophages T4 and phi 29, herpes family viruses, vaccinia
      virus and adenovirus. Three of these conserved regions appear to comprise the
      functional active site required for deoxynucleotide interaction. Two putative DNA
      interacting domains are also identified.

PMID- 3359995
TI  - At least 60 ADP-ribosylated variant histones are present in nuclei from
      dimethylsulfate-treated and untreated cells.
AB  - The level of histone adenosine diphospho (ADP) ribosylation was studied in
      isolated nuclei from mouse myeloma cells in culture. The cells were treated with
      dimethylsulfate (DMS), a DNA-methylating agent, and histones were analyzed using
      two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Seventeen or more bands probably
      representing mono-to heptadeca (ADP-ribosylated) histones could be visualized for
      each major variant histone. DMS treatment, by increasing the number of chromatin
      sites undergoing repair, greatly enhanced histone ADP-ribosylation. When histones
      were labeled in a cell lysate rather than in isolated nuclei, mono- and oligo(ADP
      ribosylated) histone forms prevailed. The presence of approximately 87 ADP
      ribosylated variant histone forms in cell lysates and of approximately 170 in
      isolated nuclei is shown for the first time in this work. Previous studies show
      multiple ADP-ribosylated forms for only histone H1. The theoretical number of
      variegated nucleosomes is thus much higher than previously thought, provided that
      histone-histone contacts are not disrupted at up to a certain level of histone
      ADP-ribosylation.

PMID- 3359996
TI  - Alpha-helix in the carboxy-terminal domains of histones H1 and H5.
AB  - Although the carboxy-terminal domains of histones H1 and H5 exist as random-coil
      in aqueous solution, secondary structure prediction suggests that this region has
      a high potential for alpha-helix formation. We have measured CD spectra in
      various conditions known to stabilize alpha-helices, to determine whether this
      potential can be realized in an appropriate environment. Trifluoroethanol
      increases the helix contents of H1, H5 and their carboxy-terminal fragments,
      presumably through promotion of axial hydrogen bonding. Sodium perchlorate is
      also effective and better than sodium chloride, suggesting stabilization by
      binding of bulky perchlorate ions rather than simple charge screening.
      Extrapolating from these measurements in solution, and taking into account the
      occurrence of proline residues throughout the carboxy-terminal domain, we propose
      that binding to DNA stabilizes helical segments in the carboxy-terminal domains
      of histones H1 and H5, and that it is this structured form of the domain that is
      functionally important in chromatin.

PMID- 3359998
TI  - Achondrogenesis: a case report.

PMID- 3359999
TI  - Primary aorto-duodenal fistula in a Nigerian.

PMID- 3360000
TI  - Praziquantel in the treatment of Taenia saginata.

PMID- 3359997
TI  - Interferon response element of the human gene 6-16.
AB  - 1046 base-pairs (bp) of genomic DNA spanning the first exon of the human
      alpha/beta-interferon (IFN)-inducible gene 6-16 have been analysed for their role
      in induction. The whole gene or 5'-flanking deletion derivatives of it were
      assayed for inducibility in populations of stably transfected mouse cells. 5'
      Flanking DNA fragments were assayed for their ability to confer inducibility on a
      reporter gene in stably and transiently transfected mouse and human cells. The
      data suggest that a 39 bp sequence is sufficient to confer transcriptional
      inducibility and can account in large part for the response of 6-16. Two copies
      of this sequence, one of which contains a dinucleotide insert, are located in
      tandem 88 bp upstream of the 6-16 transcriptional initiation site. For at least
      one of the repeat units the 5' limit of a subregion required for induction lies
      in the sequence GGGAAAAT. The motif GGAAA occurs in several well characterized
      enhancers. Furthermore, one residue 3' of the GGAAA there is a second motif,
      TGAAACT, which is conserved in the regulatory regions of other IFN-induced genes.
      In gel retardation assays the oligonucleotide GGGAAAATGAAACT competes with the
      repeat element for binding to IFN-modulated protein(s) but a mutated
      oligonucleotide, GGGAAAATGACACT does not. These results identify an alpha/beta
      IFN response element partially homologous to those described previously for the
      genes of the MHC complexes.

PMID- 3360001
TI  - Rates of blindness in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3360002
TI  - Analysis of admissions to the medical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital
      in Addis Ababa.

PMID- 3360004
TI  - Problems in practising psychiatry in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3360003
TI  - The clinical features of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.

PMID- 3360005
TI  - Trichinosis from wild boar meat in Arsi, central Ethiopia.

PMID- 3360006
TI  - Structural variability of the neutral carbohydrate moiety of cow colostrum kappa
      casein as a function of time after parturition. Identification of a
      tetrasaccharide with blood group I specificity.
AB  - New neutral oligosaccharides from cow colostrum kappa-casein were identified and
      characterized by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Their structures are Gal beta(1---
      3)GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[Gal
      beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol, Gal beta(1----3)[Fuc alpha(1----3)[Gal
      beta(1----4)]GlcNAc beta(1----6)]GalNAc-ol. The tetrasaccharide and the cow
      colostrum kappa-caseinoglycopeptide which contains this oligosaccharide inhibit
      the hemagglutination of blood group I human erythrocytes. In cow mature milk only
      the disaccharide is characterized. The variability of these neutral
      oligosaccharides in cow kappa-casein as a function of time after calving is
      studied.

PMID- 3360007
TI  - Purification and characterization of two lysozymes from rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri).
AB  - 1. Two different lysozymes, designated I and II, were purified from the kidney of
      rainbow trout. The enzymes had isoelectric points of approximately 9.5 and 9.65,
      and differed in their binding characteristics to a cation exchanger. Lysozyme II
      had the highest specific activity against Micrococcus luteus. 2. By sodium
      dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis, a molecular mass of 14.4 kDa was
      established for the two lysozymes. 3. For both type I and II enzymes, optimum pH
      under the present conditions was 5.5 and optimum temperature (at pH 6.2) around
      45 degrees C. 4. N-terminal amino acid sequence determination indicated that the
      two trout lysozymes were c-type lysozymes. 5. The fish lysozymes had a much
      higher rate of diffusion in agar than did the other lysozymes tested (possibly
      due to less interaction with agarose). This implies that a foreign lysozyme, such
      as hen egg white lysozyme, should not be used as a standard when assaying
      lysozyme activity with the lysoplate technique.

PMID- 3360008
TI  - Active-site-specific zinc-depleted and reconstituted cobalt(II) human-liver
      alcohol dehydrogenase. Preparation, characterization and complexation with NADH
      and trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde.
AB  - The active-site zinc atom of the beta 1 beta 1 isozyme of class I alcohol
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) from human liver was specifically removed by the
      chelating agent dipicolinic acid. From beta 1 gamma 1 and gamma 1 gamma 1 isozyme
      the active-site zinc is extracted much more slowly than from beta 1 beta 1
      isozyme. Only partially active-site metal-depleted enzyme species were obtained
      from these isozymes. The active-site-specific reconstituted cobalt(II) derivative
      of the beta 1 beta 1 isozyme shows spectroscopic properties comparable to those
      of the active-site-specific reconstituted cobalt(II) horse liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase. The coenzyme-induced conformational change of the protein leads to
      a red shift of the d-d band from 648 nm to 673 nm. The chromophoric substrate
      trans-4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde forms ternary complexes with NADH and
      the different isozymes, in close analogy to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
      The differences in the active sites between beta 1 and gamma 1 subunits
      (threonine-48 instead of serine-48) or between zinc and cobalt(II) are reflected
      in the visible absorption spectra of the metal-bound chromophoric substrate.

PMID- 3360009
TI  - H8Zn(c)2 and Zn(c)2Co(n)2 human liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - The zinc ion in the noncatalytic site of human beta 1 beta 1 and beta 1 gamma 1
      isozymes of class I alcohol dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.1) was specifically replaced
      by Co(II) ion. The absorption and CD spectra prove that these derivatives contain
      cobalt bound at the noncatalytic site to the same ligands and in the same
      coordination geometry as in the corresponding species obtained from the horse
      liver EE isozyme. These Zn(c)2Co(n)2 human liver alcohol dehydrogenases could be
      obtained in two ways: (a) by exchange dialysis, (b) by removal of the
      noncatalytic zinc and subsequent insertion of cobalt(II) ion into the empty site.
      The human isozymes differ from the horse liver EE enzyme in the possibility of
      forming stable species lacking the noncatalytic zinc ion. This difference in
      chemical reactivity of the noncatalytic zinc atom may be related to amino acid
      changes in the human isozymes, compared to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3360010
TI  - Purification and carbohydrate structure of natural murine interferon-beta.
AB  - Mouse interferon-beta (Mu-INF-beta) induced in C-243 cells with Newcastle disease
      virus was purified in four steps including ammonium sulfate fractionation. DEAE
      cellulose, monoclonal Mu-IFN-beta antibody affinity and Mono-S cation-exchange
      chromatographies. Specific activity of the purified Mu-IFN-beta ranged over 1.1
      1.4 X 10(9) NIH units/mg protein. This preparation was submitted to pronase
      digestion and gel on Fractogel TSK HW-40. The permethylated and acetylated
      glycopeptide fraction was analyzed by chemical-ionization (ammonia) mass
      spectrometry. The major glycopeptide is composed of Gal, Man, GlcNAc and NeuAc
      with a molar ratio of 2.0:3.6:3.4:0.5. The GLC pattern of methyl derivatives
      obtained by methanolysis and acetylation of fully methylated glycopeptide
      identified 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methylgalactose; 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-mannose; 2,3,4-
      and 2,4,6-tri-O-methylgalactose; 2,4,di-O-methyl mannose and 3,6-di-O
      methylglucosamine. These results when compared with data on N-glycans suggest the
      following structure for the carbohydrate moiety of Mu-INF-beta: (formula; see
      text).

PMID- 3360011
TI  - One- and two-dimensional NMR investigations of the heme pocket in free alpha(CO)
      chains from human hemoglobin.
AB  - Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to assign
      resonances corresponding to heme pocket residues of the isolated alpha(CO)
      subunits of the human adult hemoglobin (HbA). The assignment procedure was based
      on the partial identification of the amino acid spin system from the J-correlated
      (COSY) spectrum and on the nuclear Overhauser effect connectivities (from NOSEY
      spectra) with the heme substituents. We present here partial assignments
      corresponding to five amino acid residues: Leu86, Leu-91, Val-93, Leu-101 and Leu
      136. Starting from the known crystallographic structure of the alpha subunit in
      the hemoglobin tetramer, we applied a dipolar model to compute the ring-current
      shift of the protons from fifteen amino acid residues in the heme pocket.
      Comparison of the predicted and observed chemical shifts suggests that there is a
      very close similarity between the heme pocket tertiary structure of the alpha(CO)
      subunits in crystals of HbA(CO) and of the free alpha(CO) chains. The one
      dimensional NMR spectra were used to monitor the pH-induced structural changes,
      the effects of chemical modification and of ligand substitution. Upon increasing
      the pH from 5.6 to 9.0 the structure of the heme environment appears to be
      invariant with the exception of some residues in the CD corner. The structure is
      also largely conserved when p-chloromercuribenzoate is bound to Cys-104. In
      contrast, the substitution of CO by O2 as ligand induces many large changes in
      the heme cavity which can be partially characterized by NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 3360012
TI  - Stereoselectivity of the interaction of E- and Z-2-phosphoenolbutyrate with maize
      leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
AB  - The aim of this work was to investigate the stereoselectivity of maize leaf
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase with E- and Z-2-phosphoenolbutyrate as inhibitors
      and substrates. In addition, a procedure is presented for the separation of the
      isomers of 2-phosphoenolbutyrate. The method is based on the different
      interaction of those compounds with a strong anion-exchange high-pressure liquid
      chromatography column using 50 mM potassium phosphate (pH 3) as elution buffer,
      and allows the obtention of pure E- and Z-P-enolbutyrate with high yield. The
      same system was used to identify Z-P-enolbutyrate as the product of the
      phosphorylation of 2-oxobutyrate by rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. In the
      presence of 5 mM Mg2+, both isomers of P-enolbutyrate inhibited C4-plant P
      enolpyruvate carboxylase; the values of Ki were 15-20 microM and 100-110 microM
      for Z- and E-P-enolbutyrate, respectively. With 0.5 mM Mn2+, the Z isomer was
      also effective as inhibitor (Ki = 35-40 microM), while the E isomer produced
      activation of the carboxylase probably due to its binding at an allosteric site.
      Both compounds were substrates of the enzyme with similar V/Km values; however, V
      and Km for the two isomers were significantly different (i.e. Km = 110 microM for
      Z-P-enolbutyrate and 220 microM for E-P-enolbutyrate). The results indicate the
      existence of stereoselectivity for the binding of P-enolbutyrate to the active
      site of P-enolpyruvate carboxylase. However, this fact does not affect the use of
      the isomers as substrates by the plant carboxylase.

PMID- 3360013
TI  - The auto-oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin.
AB  - The product of the aerobic oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin, quinonoid
      dihydrobiopterin, is unstable and rapidly rearranges to form a 7,8
      dihydropteridine. Kaufman [Kaufman, S. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3934-3943]
      identified the stable product produced in 0.1 M phosphate pH 6.8, as 7,8
      dihydrobiopterin. However, Armarego et al. [Armarego, W. L. F., Randles, D. and
      Taguchi, H. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 135 393-403] questioned this assignment
      because they found that the dihydroxypropyl group on C-6 was eliminated and 7,8
      dihydropterin was the predominant product when the aerobic oxidation was
      performed in 0.1 M Tris pH 7.6. In the present study we demonstrate that the
      rearrangement of the unstable quinonoid dihydrobiopterin results in a mixture of
      these two 7,8-dihydropteridines at neutral pH, 25 degrees C. Furthermore, we find
      that the loss or retention of the alkyl side-chain is not solely dependent on the
      pH of the reaction mixture, as was previously assumed by Armarego et al., but
      rather is strongly influenced by the temperature and the type of buffer. In
      addition, we describe a new method for quantifying the relative amounts of these
      two 7,8-dihydropteridines in mixtures of unknown concentrations. This method
      relies on multicomponent analysis of second derivative spectra and results in
      values which agree with the concentrations determined directly by HPLC.

PMID- 3360014
TI  - Neurospora mitochondria contain an acyl-carrier protein.
AB  - Mitochondria of Neurospora crassa were found to contain a protein which was
      labelled with [14C]pantothenic acid and which carried an acyl group. This
      protein, when purified 6000-fold, closely resembled the bacterial and chloroplast
      acyl-carrier protein(s) [ACP(s)] in its physical and chemical properties. The
      predominant acyl group esterified to the purified protein was 3
      hydroxytetradecanoate, as determined by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry.
      The amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptide carrying the 4'
      phosphophantetheine moiety showed a high degree of sequence similarity to the
      analogous bacterial and chloroplast ACP peptide sequences. The possible functions
      of this ACP in lipid metabolism are discussed in view of the fact that Neurospora
      has a separate cytoplasmic enzyme complex which carries out the de novo
      biosynthesis of fatty acids.

PMID- 3360015
TI  - Control of pyruvate carboxylase activity by the pyridine-nucleotide redox state
      in mitochondria from rat liver.
AB  - Pyruvate carboxylation by isolated mitochondria from rat liver is inhibited by t
      butylhydroperoxide in a fully reversible manner. The rate of malate formation at
      10 mM pyruvate was decreased by some 80% by 30 microM t-butylhydroperoxide. The
      effective peroxide concentration was dependent on the mitochondrial hydrogen
      supply, being increased to about 120 microM in the presence of 50 microM
      palmitoylcarnitine. Regarding the mechanism(s) of the t-butylhydroperoxide
      action, pyruvate transport and intramitochondrial energy or activator supply are
      unlikely involved, because the effect also took place with alanine as the
      substrate and was not accompanied by a change in the intramitochondrial levels of
      adenine nucleotides and acetyl-CoA respectively. However, t-butylhydroperoxide
      caused a rapid fall in the 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio and a marked
      increase in the oxidized glutathione content. Therefore, experiments were
      designed to disclose the participation of the respective redox couples in the
      expression of pyruvate carboxylase activity. From measurements of NADPH, NADH,
      oxidized and reduced glutathione contents of mitochondria incubated under a
      variety of conditions, evidence has been obtained indicating that the
      mitochondrial NADH supply represents an important factor in the regulation of
      pyruvate carboxylase activity. The results presented seemingly provide a new
      basis for the understanding of the functional relationship between beta-oxidation
      and pyruvate carboxylation.

PMID- 3360016
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of small chromatin-associated RNA (fr3 RNA).
AB  - A small RNA found in the fraction on non-histone chromosomal proteins or rat
      liver and chicken reticulocytes [Holoubek, V., Deacon, N.J., Buckle, D.W. and
      Naora, H. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 137, 249-256] has been isolated from rat liver
      and then sequenced. The RNA is 30 nucleotides long and has the following
      composition: 5'AGUGGGGGACUGCGUUCGCGCUCUCCCCUG3'. This sequence is identical with
      the sequence of the last 30 nucleotides at the 3' end of small nuclear U1 RNA.

PMID- 3360017
TI  - Purification of the human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and uracil-DNA
      glycosylase, the latter to apparent homogeneity.
AB  - Uracil-DNA glycosylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the release of free uracil from
      single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, has been purified 26,600-fold from HeLa
      S3 cell extracts. The enzyme preparation was essentially homogeneous as judged by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme is a
      small monomeric protein of molecular mass 29 kDa. A minor uracil-DNA glycosylase
      preparation was also obtained in the final chromatographic step. This preparation
      is homogeneous with a molecular mass of 29 kDa and may represent the
      mitochondrial enzyme. This report also presents a 700-fold purification of HeLa
      S3 cell O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The glycosylase and
      methyltransferase showed very similar chromatographic properties. The report
      indicates that the lability of the methyltransferase upon purification may be a
      consequence of the total separation of the two DNA repair enzymes or of the
      possibility that some other stabilizing factor is involved.

PMID- 3360018
TI  - Structure and activity of trypsin in reverse micelles.
AB  - The kinetic properties of trypsin have been studied in reverse micelles formed by
      two surfactant systems, namely bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in
      isooctane, and hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in chloroform/isooctane
      (1:1, by vol.). Three substrates have been used, namely N alpha-benzoyl-L-Arg
      ethyl ester, N alpha-benzoyl-L-Phe-L-Val-L-Arg p-nitroanilide (BzPheValArg-NH-Np)
      in AOT and N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Lys p-nitrophenyl ester (ZLysO-Np) in
      CTAB. One of the main aims of the work was to compare the behaviour of trypsin in
      reverse micelles with that of alpha-chymotrypsin, for which an enhancement of
      kcat had been observed with respect to aqueous solutions. The pH profile is not
      significantly altered in reverse micelles with respect to water, however the
      kinetic parameters (kcat and Km) differ widely from one another, and are markedly
      affected by the micellar conditions, in particular by the water content wo (wo =
      [H2O]/[AOT]). Whereas in the case of BzPheValArg-NH-Np kcat is much smaller than
      in water, in the case of ZLysO-Np at pH 3.2 (but not at pH 6.0) a slight
      enhancement with respect to water is observed. On the basis of rapid kinetic
      spectrophotometry (stopped-flow) and solvent isotope effect studies, this
      enhancement is ascribed to a change in the rate-limiting step (acylation rather
      than hydrolysis). As in the case of alpha-chymotrypsin, the maximal activity is
      found for all substrates at rather small wo values (below 12), which is taken to
      suggest that the enzyme works better when is surrounded by only a few layers of
      tightly bound water. Spectroscopic studies [ultraviolet absorption, circular
      dichroism (CD) and fluorescence] have been carried out as a function of wo.
      Whereas the absorption properties are practically unchanged, the CD spectrum in
      AOT micelles has a lower intensity than in water, which is interpreted as a
      partial unfolding. The intensity is partly restored when Ca2+ ions are added,
      indicating that the micellar environment may cause a partial denaturation by
      depleting it of calcium ions. Fluorescence data show that the emission properties
      of the protein in reverse micelles match those in aqueous solution at around wo =
      13 approx., whereas lambda max shifts towards the red by increasing wo,
      indicating an exposure of the tryptophan residues and probably an unfolding of
      the whole protein, at wo values above 15. Finally the reaction between trypsin
      and its specific macromolecular Kunitz inhibitor from soybeans is
      studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3360019
TI  - Subunits of Panulirus japonicus hemocyanin. 1. Isolation and properties.
AB  - Structural and functional diversities of the subunits of Panulirus japonicus
      (spiny lobster) hemocyanin were investigated. The hemocyanin mostly exists as a
      hexamer in the native state. It was found that the hemocyanin is composed of
      three major subunits (Ib, II and III) and one minor subunit (Ia), which differ in
      N-terminal sequence. In the dissociated state, the major subunits (Ib, II and
      III) showed no or very small Bohr effects. The O2 affinity of the subunit III was
      about three times as high as those of the other two. The subunits could be
      reassociated into homogeneous and heterogeneous hexamers, which exhibited the
      cooperativity in O2 binding. The homohexamers were similar to each other in O2
      affinity and the Bohr effect, though some differences were observed in the
      magnitude of the cooperativity. In particular, the subunit II homohexamer
      exhibited a high cooperativity, which was comparable to that of the native
      protein. The heterohexamers showed slightly higher O2 affinities and slightly
      lower cooperativity, as compared with the parent homohexamers. It was concluded
      that there is no essential difference among the three major subunits of P.
      japonicus hemocyanin in the O2 binding and assembly properties.

PMID- 3360020
TI  - Subunits of Panulirus japonicus hemocyanin. 2. Cooperativity of the homogeneous
      hexamers.
AB  - Hexameric hemocyanin from a spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus, comprises three
      major subunits (Ib, II and III) and one minor subunit (Ia), as reported in the
      preceding paper in this journal. It has previously been shown that the O2
      equilibria of Panulirus hemocyanin can be described by a concerted model extended
      to three affinity states [Makino, N. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154, 49-55]. In this
      study the equilibrium binding of O2 to the reassociated subunits (Ib, II and III)
      was examined at various pH in the presence or absence of Ca2+ in order to test
      the applicability of the three-state model to the homogeneous hexamers. The
      hexameric structure of the reassembled subunits was less stable than that of the
      native protein under the conditions examined. The model could be fitted to the O2
      binding isotherms of the homohexamers composed of the subunits II or III, if the
      molecular dissociation of the protein was taken into account. It was postulated
      that the monomeric hemocyanin has the same ligand affinity as that of the hexamer
      in the intermediate-affinity state (S). The fitting of the model to the O2
      binding of the subunit I was unsuccessful mainly because of the low cooperativity
      of the assembled subunits.

PMID- 3360021
TI  - The function of galactosyl phosphorylpolyprenol in biosynthesis of lipoteichoic
      acid in Bacillus coagulans.
AB  - Incubation of UDP-[14C]galactose with membranes of Bacillus coagulans led to the
      formation of a radioactive glycolipid, which was tentatively characterized as
      beta-galactosyl phosphorylpolyprenol (Gal-P-prenol) on the basis of its
      chromatographic behavior and data from structural analysis of its sugar 1
      phosphate moiety. The sugar moiety of [14C]Gal-P-prenol was shown to be
      incorporated into a membrane-bound polymer, which coincided with the diacyl form
      of lipoteichoic acid in its chromatographic behavior on columns of Sephacryl S
      300, DEAE-Sephacel and octyl-Sepharose. Hydrogen fluoride hydrolysis of the
      polymer afforded an alpha-galactoside identical with Gal(alpha 1----2)Gro
      obtained from lipoteichoic acids. The incorporation of galactose residues from
      [14C]Gal-P-prenol into the polymer was greatly enhanced by exogenous lipoteichoic
      acids, especially of the diacyl and monoacyl forms. The optimal pH and metal
      concentration for the Gal-P-prenol formation, respectively, were found to be 8.4
      and 10 mM (MgCl2), whereas those for the transfer of galactose from this lipid
      intermediate to polymer were 4.5 and 16 mM (CaCl2). The above results lead to the
      conclusion that Gal-P-prenol serves as the direct galactosyl donor in the
      synthesis of lipoteichoic acids in B. coagulans.

PMID- 3360022
TI  - DSM-III in Ethiopia: a feasibility study.
AB  - A feasibility study of DSM-III on 40 Ethiopian visitors to a psychiatric
      outpatient clinic in Addis Ababa was carried out by a Dutch psychiatrist, with
      three of his Dutch colleagues. In spite of the highly idiosyncratic way in which
      Ethiopians present their complaints, the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III appeared
      to be useful to a certain extent. The outcome of an inter-rater reliability study
      was comparable with that of an American one. The results were congruent for the
      classes that are rather well-defined in the DSM-III, like the psychotic and
      affective disorders. This did not apply to the classes of the somatoform and
      factitious disorders. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

PMID- 3360023
TI  - Parental discord, divorce and adolescent development.
AB  - The impact of parental discord and divorce on adolescent well-being and behaviour
      was studied. School children (n = 2194) aged 15 to 16 completed questionnaires in
      the class-room. Children in divorced families and in families of discord
      experienced more distress symptoms than children in intact families. Lower school
      performance was associated with divorce, but not with parental discord. Sex
      differences were found in self-esteem: girls in divorced families reported the
      lowest self-esteem, whereas boys in families of discord reported lower self
      esteem than boys in the other groups. Group differences in reported self-image
      were small. Compared with children in intact families, the observed differences
      were in girls mainly in the divorced group and in boys in the group of marital
      discord. In both sexes abundant alcohol use and in boys delinquent acts were more
      common in families of discord or divorce than in intact families.

PMID- 3360024
TI  - The characteristics of delusions: a cluster analysis of deluded subjects.
AB  - Using a group of 55 psychotic subjects, 11 belief characteristics of delusions
      were recently assessed. The present study describes a cluster analysis of these
      data to investigate whether subjects showing characteristic patterns of
      delusional experience form relatively distinct groups. Three sub-groups were
      generated, each of which was given a descriptive label: hebephrenic, paranoid and
      depressed. The characteristics of these groups are described, in terms of
      associations with measures of mental state and belief content.

PMID- 3360025
TI  - Familial syndrome patterns in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mania, and
      depression.
AB  - A major problem with studies in the field of quantitative genetics is that of
      phenotypical heterogeneity. In particular, such heterogeneities show up in
      psychiatric investigations: index cases often tend to display more severe forms
      of disorders than the respective affected relatives. The principal goal of the
      present investigation was to test the phenotypical equivalence of the two
      populations of index cases and their affected relatives. Our analyses were based
      on 269 hospitalized patients with functional psychoses and 350 affected first
      degree relatives. As opposed to the majority of earlier investigations in which
      phenotypes were uniquely defined by diagnoses, phenotypes were represented in
      this study by a list of 22 psychiatric syndromes. Accordingly, multivariate
      statistical procedures were applied to analyze the intrinsic properties of the
      empirical lists. The results showed that typical syndrome patterns clearly
      appeared in both populations and that the phenotypical equivalence of the
      corresponding population sample sets lay between satisfactory and good.
      Furthermore, it was possible to select phenotypically homogeneous and
      reproducible subsets on the basis of the 22 syndromes. These subgroups can be
      used as basic material to study the genetic modes via current models from
      quantitative genetics. Nevertheless, our analyses revealed no clear breeding true
      of either affective disorders or schizophrenia.

PMID- 3360026
TI  - The panorama of psychiatric emergencies in three different parts of Sweden.
AB  - A total of 1226 psychiatric emergencies from three socially different catchment
      areas in Sweden were analyzed. Data were obtained over 28 consecutive days at the
      beginning of 1985. Very small differences were found between urban and rural
      catchment areas, which is probably due to a high degree of equality for both
      social and medical services throughout Sweden. The largest diagnostic subgroup
      was patients with an alcohol problem (33%). A measure of the patients network of
      close relatives, yielded small differences between the diagnostic subgroups.

PMID- 3360027
TI  - Psychomotor disturbances in psychiatric patients as a possible basis for new
      attempts at differential diagnosis and therapy. III. Cross validation study on
      depressed patients: the psychotic motor syndrome as a possible state marker for
      endogenous depression.
AB  - This study investigates the presence and course of motor symptoms in endogenous
      (n = 42) and non-endogenous (n = 15) depressed patients (both medicated and
      unmedicated) in comparison to 15 healthy control persons. As in our previous
      studies on schizophrenic and depressed patients, we used a motor test battery,
      which consisted of the Motorische Leistungsserie, a modified version of the
      Lincoln Oseretzky Motor Development Scale and the motor subtest of the Luria
      Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Previous findings had suggested the
      existence of a psychotic motor syndrome (PMS) in endogenous depressed patients
      (and schizophrenics), involving disturbances of the lips and tongue, fine and
      gross movements of the dominant right hand and the complex motor coordination of
      the extremities. We re-confirmed the PMS in acute endogenous depressed patients,
      both medicated and unmedicated. Such a motor syndrome did not exist in healthy
      controls, or in non-endogenous depressed patients, irrespective of the severity
      of the depressive syndrome. This PMS showed a clear improvement with the
      amelioration of the depressive symptoms in endogenous depressed patients towards
      the end of the hospital treatment period and disappeared entirely in patients in
      a symptom free interval. This may be suggestive of a possible role for the PMS as
      a state marker for endogenous depression, in contrast to the persistence of the
      PMS in schizophrenics (trait marker), described previously. The results of
      factorial analyses on motor performance did not reveal differences in the
      factorial structure between depressives, schizophrenics and normals. However,
      they indicated disturbances on a general motor factor, which may account for the
      performance deficits in psychotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360029
TI  - Are early childhood experiences overrated? A reassessment of maternal
      deprivation.
AB  - The opinion that early maternal deprivation (absence of mother, lack of
      stimulation, multiple caregivers) results in lasting damage to intellectual and
      emotional development is generally accepted. In a real-time longitudinal study
      137 children, part of a representative sample of Kt. Zurich (Switzerland) who
      spent the first years in residential nurseries, were investigated at age 12.6 +/-
      8 months and again at age 14 years. In IQ and education this group at follow-up
      was not different from the general population. The children were no less popular
      than a control group of classmates. There were, however, among them two to three
      times more psychiatric cases than among a Swiss comparison group. Behavioral and
      emotional disorders were not connected with status at first examination or
      variables of the early environment, but with psychosocial risk factors in the
      environment the children lived in after leaving the nurseries: parental discord,
      divorce, psychosocial disorder in parents, presence of step family, abuse. This
      finding is confirmed by other prospective and retrospective studies. Early
      deprivation is almost always an indicator that an unfavorable situation will
      continue throughout childhood. If, on the other hand, the environment changes
      completely, as it does after adoption, early deprivation by itself does not
      appear as a risk factor. The role of the mother-child relationship and of early
      influences in general on personality ought to be reconsidered.

PMID- 3360028
TI  - Marchiafava-Bignami disease. A correlative computed tomography and morphological
      study.
AB  - The subacute development of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is reported in a 60
      year-old patient from Southern Germany with a history of chronic alcoholism and
      severe malnutrition. Computed tomography scans showed progressive white matter
      destruction over a period of 8 months, ranging from diffuse hypodensities to well
      delineated, strongly hypodense areas in the central hemispheric white matter of
      both frontal and parietal lobes and in the corpus callosum. Autopsy revealed an
      identical pattern of demyelinated, partially necrotic lesions in addition to
      small cystic necroses in the genu corporis callosi. The temporal evolution of
      MBD, criteria for early diagnosis and pathogenetic aspects are discussed.

PMID- 3360030
TI  - Aminoglutethimide for advanced prostatic cancer resistant to conventional
      hormonal therapy.
AB  - Aminoglutethimide (AG) and hydrocortisone (HC) were given to 20 patients with
      advanced prostatic cancer resistant to conventional hormonal therapy. Most
      patients had painful bone metastases and were heavily pretreated. 12 of 16
      patients required narcotic analgetics. 8 of 20 were bedridden. AG + HC produced
      relief of bone pain in 12 patients (75%) and only 4 required narcotics after
      treatment. The performance status improved in 8 of 20 patients (40%). However,
      the number of bone metastases seen in bone scans decreased in only 4 patients
      (22%). The level of serum alkaline phosphatase decreased in 11 of 18 patients and
      that of acid phosphatase in 8 of 16 patients. The reduction of bone pain lasted
      approximately 4 months (range 1-15 months). The median lifespan between the start
      of AG treatment and death was 8 months (range 2-22 months). There was no
      difference in survival between responders and nonresponders. 3 patients had skin
      rash, 1 lethargy and 1 thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3360031
TI  - Clinical evaluation of urethral tumors based on a simple classification system.
AB  - A simplified classification for primary urethral tumors is proposed. The T stage
      for tumors of male or female and of the upper or lower urethra has been combined
      into a single system. The system has been applied to 104 cases of urethral
      tumors. Although the cases were not necessarily very well qualified, a
      retrospective survival study demonstrated a general trend to a poorer prognosis
      in higher stages. Such a unified system might be useful for a simple
      classification of urethral tumors, a rare neoplasm with various clinical
      manifestations depending on sex or tumor site.

PMID- 3360032
TI  - Treatment of upper ureteral stones.
AB  - From September 1984 to March 1986, 70 patients with upper ureteral stones were
      treated in our institution. 43 patients underwent endoscopic procedures including
      retrograde ureterorenoscopy, antegrade ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous surgery.
      A second group of 27 patients was treated by extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy (ESWL). The overall success rate was 74.5 and 85% for the endoscopic
      and the ESWL groups, respectively. Obstruction and dilatation of the renal
      collecting system seemed to play a major role in the failure of either endoscopic
      or ESWL treatment.

PMID- 3360034
TI  - Value of radical cystectomy in bladder cancer with pelvic node involvement.
AB  - Of the 241 patients with bladder cancer treated with cystectomy and urinary
      diversion between January, 1978, and May, 1985, pelvic lymphadenectomy was
      performed in 150. In 41 of the 150 patients, pelvic node involvement was shown in
      the pathology study (27%). The preoperative clinical stages showed bladder muscle
      invasion in all 41 cases. Node invasion was found in 16/77 cases with radiation
      therapy and in 25/73 cases without radiation therapy (p less than 0.05).
      Operative mortality was 3 cases (7.3%). Of the 38 patients who survived the
      operation, 35 (94%) died of cancer within an average of 8 months. Twenty-seven
      showed 1-3 pelvic nodes involved, 7 showed 4-6, and 4 patients had more than 6
      nodes involved. These differences between survival rates are not statistically
      significant (p = 0.35). Two patients died of a disease not related to the tumor,
      and only 1 is alive 4 years after operation (2%).

PMID- 3360033
TI  - Late results after sclerotherapy of varicocele.
AB  - Percutaneous sclerotherapy is technically feasible in about 80% of patients with
      idiopathic varicocele. Persistence must be reckoned with in 3-5% of the cases.
      Sclerotherapy is a low-risk technique which can be applied on an outpatient basis
      in the vast majority of cases. In about 40% of the cases, an improvement of the
      fertility can be attained by raising the spermatozoal density; the total motility
      and morphology of the spermatozoa can only be slightly improved by this therapy.
      Percutaneous sclerotherapy is to be recommended as an alternative to surgery
      since it provides equally good results, is cheaper and causes hardly any
      complications.

PMID- 3360035
TI  - Small kidney associated with primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. A
      pathological overhaul.
AB  - In this series two quite distinct pathological entities accounted for the small,
      often deformed, kidney found over a severe primary ureterovesical reflux. One of
      them is due to dysplastic abnormal metanephric differentiation, and the other is
      a segmental tubular atrophy with glomerular metamorphosis. In our material there
      is no evidence to support an inflammatory pathogenesis in these conditions. An
      abnormal excess vascularization is explained by an arteriovenous fistula present
      in both. Proper identification of the pathology underlying such cases will assist
      further studies on the natural history of these two diverse malformations.

PMID- 3360036
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygenation for experimental bladder tumor. I. Tissue oxygen tension
      of the rabbit bladder during hyperbaric oxygenation.
AB  - Although considerable advances have been made in the application of hyperbaric
      oxygenation (HBO) on tumor treatment in the recent past, many difficulties
      persist due to conflicting results and the understanding of its mechanism. We
      tested whether HBO treatment in clinical use could really influence the tissue
      concentration of oxygen in bladder or circulatory condition in animals. Eleven
      rabbits were treated with 1-3 atmospheric absolute pressures under an environment
      of air saturating 30-35% of oxygen for 90 min. Ten control animals were placed in
      the same chamber without providing HBO treatment. The tissue oxygen pressure in
      trigone or dome of the in HBO-treated group was significantly higher than that of
      the control group. A similar tendency was also noted in the arterial oxygen
      concentration to a greater extent, while regional blood flow in the bladder, mean
      arterial blood pressure and plasma volume were not significantly changed
      following HBO treatment. The use of HBO appears to offer some possibilities for
      the treatment of bladder tumor in the future.

PMID- 3360037
TI  - The vas deferens count: a new accurate method for experimental measurement of
      testicular exocrine function.
AB  - Clinical and experimental measurement of fertility presents difficulties in
      technique and interpretation of results. This study compared a new concept, the
      vas deferens count (VDC), with the standard electroejaculation method as a means
      of measuring testicular sperm output. Seventy-five Wistar rats in three groups
      (control, orchidectomy, torsion) underwent VDC and electroejaculation fertility
      analyses. The VDC was successful in all cases and gave rise to results showing
      acceptable variance and, in addition, measured unilateral testicular exocrine
      function in each case. Electroejaculation was found to be a less satisfactory
      technique. The VDC is a simple and accurate technique for measuring testicular
      exocrine function in experimental animals.

PMID- 3360038
TI  - Balanitis xerotica obliterans: surgical treatment.
AB  - A case of BXO treated with complete surgical removal of the mucosal lesion and
      skin flap meatoplasty with excellent results 26th months later is reported.

PMID- 3360039
TI  - Spontaneous perirenal hematoma due to a small perihilar renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Spontaneous renal rupture is an infrequent event and is usually caused by a
      predisposing factor. Up to 178 cases have been published. We present a case of a
      large spontaneous perirenal hematoma caused by a perihilar renal cell carcinoma
      of a 1-cm diameter. Reviewing the literature, a classification of the condition
      is given according to the underlying pathology and mechanism of rupture. The need
      for explorative surgery in cases which cannot be clarified by noninvasive
      diagnostic tools is discussed.

PMID- 3360040
TI  - Malrotation of midgut in adult polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - A case of malrotation of the midgut and adult polycystic kidney disease is
      reported. The patient had a stillborn son who had congenital heart disease and
      adult type of polycystic kidney disease. These findings support the notion that
      cystic disease of the kidney, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular anomalies are
      genetically linked.

PMID- 3360041
TI  - Percutaneous chemolitholysis of cystine stones. Possibilities for ambulatory
      procedure.
AB  - We report on a patient with symptomatic cystine calculi in a solitary kidney in
      whom percutaneous pelviocaliceal irrigation with tromethamine-E was performed as
      an ambulatory procedure for a significant period of time. Our experience
      demonstrates that in selected cases this form of treatment is well-tolerated.

PMID- 3360042
TI  - Hilar fusion: a rare renal malformation. Description of a case in association
      with lithiasis and tubular precalyceal ectasia in an adult patient.
AB  - An uncommon case of a 42-year-old man with hilar renal symphysis in association
      with lithiasis and 'tubular precalyceal ectasia' is described.

PMID- 3360043
TI  - The steinstrasse: a legacy of extracorporeal lithotripsy?
AB  - 32 steinstrasse formations in the first 600 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
      treatments required intervention. Their radiological appearance has been
      classified into 3 types and the aetiology of each type is discussed. 24 cases
      received a primary needle nephrostomy to relieve obstruction and of these 18
      passed spontaneously, 5 required ureteroscopic manipulation and 1 underwent open
      surgery. Primary ureteroscopic removal was successful in 3 out of 5 cases. 3
      upper ureteric steinstrassen were removed by a percutaneous intrarenal approach.
      A suggested plan of management for complicated steinstrassen is outlined.

PMID- 3360044
TI  - Therapeutical aspects of intrarenal artery aneurysms.
AB  - The relative infrequency of aneurysms of the branches of the renal artery
      produces some indecision as to the surgeon's therapeutical choice. The purpose of
      this study is to carefully examine the indications for surgical treatment and to
      select precise therapeutical criteria on the basis of 8 patients in whom
      aneurysms of the main renal artery or of its branches were diagnosed from 1978 to
      1986. In 1 patient, the disease was bilateral with a ruptured main artery
      aneurysm. 5 aneurysms were treated surgically (the ruptured one by nephrectomy, 2
      by ex situ revascularization and 2 by in situ revascularization). In the
      remaining cases, only periodical controls were performed. In 4 surgically treated
      patients, angiographic follow-up demonstrated a regular renal revascularization
      and in 1 patient a thrombosis on the site of the anastomosis. On the basis of
      personal experience, surgical treatment is required for aneurysms larger than 1.5
      cm in size without or with partial calcification, aneurysms occurring in pregnant
      women or in patients likely to conceive in the future, expanding aneurysms, and
      renin-mediated hypertension. The introduction of microsurgical techniques and
      renal preservation makes it possible for the urologist to chose between various
      therapeutical means for the treatment of intrarenal aneurysms. Reconstruction of
      anatomical continuity of the arterial supply avoiding unnecessary operative
      demolishment is feasible.

PMID- 3360046
TI  - Budesonide in children with asthma.

PMID- 3360045
TI  - Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of dipyrone.
AB  - Twelve healthy volunteers were given a single oral dose of dipyrone 1 g, once
      while fasting and once after a standard breakfast. Plasma levels of the active
      dipyrone metabolite-Methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) were measured and the calculated
      pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. Taking dipyrone with food resulted in a
      small delay in the mean time to peak from 1.5 h to 1.9 h (p less than 0.01).
      However, there was no significant difference in AUC, Cmax or K(elim) between
      fasting and nonfasting conditions. The rate of absorption, expressed as the mean
      K(abs), was somewhat slower in the nonfasting state, but not significantly so. It
      is suggested that dipyrone may be taken regardless of the times of eating.

PMID- 3360047
TI  - Dose-finding studies in clinical drug development.
AB  - A correct dose-finding study is of the utmost importance during clinical
      development of a new drug. It must define the no-effect dose and the mean
      effective and maximal effective doses. Then taking tolerability into account, the
      optimal therapeutic dose range can be selected. To define the dosage schedule the
      duration of action in man must be tested, if possible together with blood
      concentration measurements. An adequate dose-finding study shows the optimal
      doses for double-blind trials in Phase II and large scale trials in Phase III,
      thereby saving time and effort and reducing the number of patients required. The
      tendency of clinical experts to try to demonstrate superiority of one drug over
      another by using doses higher than patients really need must be resisted. The
      price paid in poor tolerability exceeds any potential benefits.

PMID- 3360048
TI  - The effect of food on the absorption of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate
      tablets.
AB  - The influence of food on the absorption characteristics of slow release
      isosorbide-5-mononitrate tablets was investigated in 10 normal healthy
      volunteers. There were no differences in the peak concentration achieved or the
      area under the curve, but the peak concentration occurred later when the drug was
      administered after food. The apparent elimination half-life ranged from 4.7 to
      10.1 h. Bioavailability of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate is therefore
      unaffected by food, but there is a slower rate of absorption.

PMID- 3360050
TI  - A preliminary study of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a novel
      enkephalin analogue [Tyr-D.Arg-Gly-Phe (4NO2).Pro.NH2 (BW443C)] in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - We have studied 16 healthy men to evaluate preliminary pharmacodynamics and
      kinetics of BW443C given by i.v. infusions. Four volunteers received escalating
      doses at weekly intervals, starting at 0.1 microgram.kg-1 for 60 min and
      increasing to a maximum of 2.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 180 min. Subsequently 12
      different subjects received single i.v. infusions of 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for
      20 min. Subjective effects were reported and objective measurements made of
      central nervous and cardiovascular effects. Blood was sampled at intervals on all
      occasions, plasma concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and
      pharmacokinetic profiles were analysed using NONLIN. Dry mouth and some nasal
      stuffiness were reported and postural hypotension occurred in 5/16 subjects at
      plasma concentrations greater than 0.8 microgram.ml-1. Supine blood pressure was
      well maintained in all subjects and hypotension resolved within 60-90 min of
      discontinuing the infusion. There was no evidence of sedation, mood change,
      nausea, vomiting, miosis, change in accommodation or respiratory depression.
      Rapid infusions produced transient feelings of warmth, heavy eyelids, heavy legs,
      and increased bowel sounds, which resolved despite increasing plasma
      concentrations. The disposition of the peptide was adequately described by a 2
      compartment model with a mean +/- SD plasma clearance of 123 +/- 18 ml.min-1 and
      a half-life of 2.0 +/- 0.4 h.

PMID- 3360049
TI  - Serum doxapram and respiratory neuromuscular drive in normal man.
AB  - To investigate the means by which doxapram affects the control of ventilation,
      ventilatory function and P0.1 have been related to serum doxapram concentration
      during a 45-min infusion of doxapram hydrochloride in 7 healthy, conscious
      subjects under normoxic conditions. Serum doxapram concentrations increased
      during the infusion: 1.88, 2.48, 3.42, and 3.97 micrograms/ml after 5, 10, 30 and
      45 min, respectively. The majority of significant changes in the measurements
      from the baseline were observed at 30 and 45 min: VE, VT, P0.1, P0.1/end-tidal
      CO2 tension, VT/Ti and blood pressure were increased, and end-tidal CO2 tension
      was decreased. No significant changes in Pdimax, Ti/Ttot, VE/P0.1, and
      P0.1/(VT/Ti) were observed. A correlation was observed between the % increases in
      P0.1 and VE and doxapram concentration, and between VE and P0.1. The doxapram
      induced increase in VE appears to be caused by increased neural drive. It is
      related to the serum drug concentration in the conscious subject.

PMID- 3360051
TI  - Influence of once-monthly rifampicin and daily clofazimine on the
      pharmacokinetics of dapsone in leprosy patients in Nigeria.
AB  - In leprosy patients in Nigeria the influence of daily clofazimine and of once
      monthly rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of dapsone has been investigated.
      Three days after rifampicin the elimination half-life of dapsone was reduced from
      40.4 to 25.3 h (n = 23). Correspondingly, the plasma dapsone 24 h after the last
      dose had fallen significantly from 2.63 to 2.02 mg/l. Clofazimine did not cause
      change in the pharmacokinetics of dapsone. It was concluded that, although
      rifampicin had a considerable influence on the pharmacokinetics of dapsone, there
      is no reason to adjust the dose of dapsone during multidrug therapy of leprosy.

PMID- 3360052
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of reduced and oxidized N-acetylcysteine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have been
      determined after its intravenous and oral administration to 6 healthy volunteers.
      According to a randomized cross-over design each subject received NAC 200 mg i.v.
      and 400 mg p.o., and blood samples were collected for 30 h. Reduced NAC had a
      volume of distribution (VSS) of 0.59 l.kg-1 and a plasma clearance of 0.84 l.h
      1.kg-1. The terminal half-life after intravenous administration was 1.95 h. The
      oral bioavailability was 4.0%. Based on total NAC concentration, its volume of
      distribution (VSS) was 0.47 l.kg-1 and its plasma clearance was 0.11 l.h-1.kg-1.
      The terminal half-life was 5.58 h after intravenous administration and 6.25 h
      after oral administration. Oral bioavailability of total NAC was 9.1%.

PMID- 3360053
TI  - Adverse drug reactions and drug non-compliance as primary causes of admission to
      a cardiology department.
AB  - 426 consecutive patients admitted to a Danish University Department of Cardiology
      have been studied. Drug intake prior to admission by each patient was ascertained
      from medical records and personal interviews. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) were
      the primary cause of admission in 49 patients (11.5%), and 16 patients (3.8%)
      were admitted due to drug non-compliance (DNC). Thiazide diuretics, beta
      adrenoceptor blocking agents and calcium antagonists accounted for almost 60% of
      all the ADR-related admissions. Patients admitted for ADR took significantly more
      drugs than patients admitted for other reasons. DNC was not correlated with the
      number of prescribed drugs. It is concluded that drug-related hospital admissions
      are an important medical and economic problem. Most of the ADRs were well-known
      and predictable actions of the drugs, and could have been avoided by more careful
      clinical and laboratory monitoring of the patients. Most of the DNC, too, could
      have been avoided by giving better information to the patients.

PMID- 3360054
TI  - Drug use before hospital admission in Zimbabwe.
AB  - Drug use before hospital admission was studied prospectively in 284 consecutive
      patients admitted to general medical wards in Zimbabwe. Drugs were used by 84% of
      patients. Self-medication was used by 143 (50%) patients, aspirin (54%) and
      chloroquine (17%) being the most commonly used drugs. Traditional medicines were
      used by 55 (19%) patients. Drugs dispensed from orthodox medical sources were
      taken by 128 (45%) patients. Analgesics (22%), antibiotics (18%), and chloroquine
      (13%) were the commonest drugs dispensed. Urine screening tests were performed
      and were positive for aspirin in 37% of cases, chloroquine (33%), and antibiotics
      (20%). Adverse drug reactions requiring hospital admission occurred in 14
      patients (10 orthodox medicines, 4 traditional medicines). Drug use before
      hospital admission, which is often poorly documented, is a source of potential
      drug toxicity and may obscure a diagnosis of infective illness.

PMID- 3360055
TI  - Effects of a controlled-release formulation of trazodone on psychomotor and
      autonomic functions in healthy volunteers: comparison with trazodone
      (conventional formulation), amitriptyline and placebo.
AB  - Eight healthy male volunteers participated in four experimental sessions. In each
      session the subjects ingested a single dose of one of the following drugs:
      trazodone (controlled-release formulation), trazodone (conventional formulation),
      amitriptyline and placebo. Both trazodone and amitriptyline reduced subjectively
      rated alertness and increased digit cancellation time, and amitriptyline also
      reduced critical flicker fusion frequency. Both antidepressants reduced
      salivation, trazodone also caused miosis. There were no consistent differences
      between the effects of the two formulations of trazodone. The results of the
      psychological tests are indicative of the sedative properties of the
      antidepressants. It is likely that the reduction in salivation and pupil diameter
      by trazodone reflect alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, whereas the reduction in
      salivation by amitriptyline may be due to both cholinoceptor and alpha
      adrenoceptor blockade.

PMID- 3360056
TI  - Microelectrode studies on the acid microenvironment beneath adherent macrophages
      and osteoclasts.
AB  - Osteoclasts and activated macrophages in culture were shown to generate an acidic
      microenvironment specifically in the attachment zone between the cell and the
      base of the culture dish. Measurements using pH microelectrodes revealed that
      osteoclasts, when firmly attached, could achieve a pH fall of about 1 unit min-1
      to a limit value of pH 3.0 or less. Activated macrophages produced a slower fall
      of 0.5-2 pH units h-1 and a limit value of pH 3.6-3.7 was generally detected. The
      method of activation was relatively unimportant, but where macrophages formed
      clumps the pH effect was reinforced. Osteoclasts were also examined in situ in
      osteoporotic bone fragments in rabbit ear chambers, using a combination H+ and
      Ca2+ double-barrelled electrode. The pH readings reached a lower limit of 4.7 and
      the calcium concentration rose to a maximum of 40 mM in the erosion sites. In
      vivo such acid conditions would favor the direct extracellular action of secreted
      lysosomal proteinases in the degradation of collagen by both cell types.

PMID- 3360057
TI  - Nonrandom distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors on the plasma
      membrane of human A431 cells.
AB  - The localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors over the plasma
      membranes of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells was analyzed at the electron
      microscopic level using surface replica techniques and conventional thin
      sections, in combination with immunocytochemistry. Immunolabeling was performed
      using two distinct monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular
      portion of the receptor, followed by protein A-colloidal gold conjugates.
      Unexpectedly, with the first monoclonal antibody used, the distribution of the
      receptors in both unfixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed cells was clearly
      regionalized, showing a preferential localization of the immunolabeling at the
      cell periphery as well as over the areas rich in microvilli and in coated and
      uncoated pits. A similar pattern of distribution was observed also with the other
      monoclonal antibody, but only when the cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde
      before immunolabeling. Treatment with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol
      13-acetate modifies this distribution, inducing a more disperse pattern. Our
      observations suggest that a minor group of EGF receptors, which may represent the
      high-affinity receptors, presents a regional distribution, similar to that
      described for typical recycling receptors.

PMID- 3360058
TI  - Nutrition and fetal brain maturation. II. Impact of maternal starvation on
      changing levels of acetylcholinesterase and enolase in vitro.
AB  - The impact of maternal starvation during Days 17-20 of gestation was examined in
      20-day fetal rat brain tissue cultured for 6 days in MEM and 10% adult rat serum.
      Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were consistently greater in fetal brain
      cell cultures from starved mothers. When fetal tissues from starved mothers were
      continuously exposed to 72-h fasted serum, AChE activities increased from 1.03 +/
      0.14 to 1.59 +/- 0.21 mumol/h/mg protein (P less than 0.001). In fetal tissues
      from fed mothers, lower AChE activities were increased from 0.78 +/- 0.09 to 1.04
      +/- 0.07 mumol/h/mg protein (P less than 0.05) when 72-h fasted serum was used to
      replace the fed serum during incubation. When fetal brain cell cultures from fed
      mothers were exposed for 6 days to graded concentrations of fed serum (2.5-15%),
      the activities of AChE fell reciprocally from 1.34 +/- 0.10 to 0.82 +/- 0.12
      mumol/h/mg protein (P less than 0.05). The levels of AChE activity in tissues
      exposed to fasted serum were consistently greater, but fell similarly from 1.62
      +/- 0.10 to 0.97 +/- 14 mumol/h/mg protein (P less than 0.01), when serum
      concentrations were increased from 2.5 to 15%. AChE activities were 30% higher in
      tissues incubated with cycloheximide 10(-3) M (P less than 0.02). Unlike AChE,
      fetal brain enolase activities were unaffected by maternal starvation. In fetal
      brain cell cultures from fed mothers, enolase fell from 1.85 +/- 0.10 to 1.37 +/-
      0.12 mumol/min/mg protein following exposure to fasted instead of fed serum (P
      less than 0.02). In fetal cultures from starved mothers, enolase activities were
      depressed similarly from 1.76 +/- 0.08 to 1.41 +/- 0.09 mumol/min/mg protein when
      fasted replaced fed serum (P less than 0.02). Thus, the fetal brain cell cultures
      appear to maintain enzymatic realignments imposed by maternal starvation for at
      least 6 days. In addition, serum from fasted animals has significant growth
      inhibiting properties manifested by heightened activities of AChE and lower
      activities of enolase.

PMID- 3360059
TI  - Classification system based on the functional equivalency of mitogens that
      regulate WI-38 cell proliferation.
AB  - Analysis of the proliferative response of WI-38 cells to nine mitogens, which in
      various specific combinations stimulate DNA synthesis in these cultures,
      delineated three classes of mitogens. Class I includes epidermal growth factor
      (EGF), fibroblasts growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),
      and thrombin (THR); Class II includes insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I),
      multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) (the rat homolog of human IGF-II), and
      insulin; and Class III includes hydrocortisone (HC) or the synthetic analog
      dexamethasone (DEX). In cultures arrested at low density, members of each of the
      three classes act synergistically in stimulating DNA synthesis. Any Class I
      mitogen in combination with any Class II and either Class III mitogen stimulated
      DNA synthesis of levels observed in 10% serum-supplemented medium. At least some
      (EGF, FGF, PDGF) and possibly all (THR) of the Class I mitogens are known to act
      through separate receptor systems. Our experiments using blocking antibodies to
      the IGF-I receptor confirm that the Class II mitogens all act by binding to IGF-I
      receptors. Use of the inhibitory synthetic glucocorticoid analog RU 486 confirmed
      that the Class III mitogens act via the glucocorticoid receptor. Thus, growth
      factor-induced DNA synthesis in WI-38 cells is apparently mediated by the
      glucocorticoid receptor (Class III), the IGF-I receptor (Class II), and most
      interestingly any one of several Class I growth factor receptors.

PMID- 3360060
TI  - Induction of intercellular communications in epithelial cell cultures.
AB  - A popular criterion of cell-cell communication in tissue cultures is dye
      coupling: the ability of the injected fluorescent dye of low molecular weight to
      be transferred from one cell to another. We report about a new factor which
      induces cell-to-cell dye coupling in previously uncoupled epithelial sheets.
      Paradoxically it is the standard fluorescent microscopy itself (that is, blue
      light of 320- to 480-nm wavelength) which induces rapid morphological alterations
      of cell culture followed by the transfer of fluorescent dye from one cell to
      another. Thus monitoring cell-cell dye coupling by fluorescent microscopy may
      itself induce the dye coupling in previously uncoupled epithelial cells.

PMID- 3360061
TI  - Rigidity of the nucleus during nuclear rotation in 3T3 cells.
AB  - Using near infrared microscopy and ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy of living
      3T3 cells stained with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342, we have demonstrated that
      the nucleoli and Hoechst 33342-stained chromocenters in the nucleus maintain a
      fixed pattern during nuclear rotation. We conclude that the term "nuclear
      rotation" refers to rotation of the entire nucleus in the cytoplasm of interphase
      cells, and that nuclear rotation is not an expression of karyoplasmic streaming.
      In conjunction with earlier results on nuclear rotation the data imply that the
      interface of nuclear rotation is located either between the two nuclear membranes
      or in the adjacent cytoplasm.

PMID- 3360062
TI  - Early increase in diadenosine tetraphosphate in regenerating rat liver.
AB  - Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a candidate for a signal molecule in the
      induction of DNA synthesis, was measured in regenerating livers of young adult
      rats at 12 and 24 h and of older rats at 24 h after partial hepatectomy. dATP and
      dTTP levels, which indicate the degree of proliferation in the livers, were
      determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and an enzymatic method,
      respectively. The Ap4A levels were increased in the beginning of DNA synthesis.
      In young rats the levels were about 140% of those of unoperated rats and in older
      rats about 300%. This increase was considerably smaller than that found in
      another study comprising two regenerating rat livers excised 20 h after partial
      hepatectomy, but still supports the hypothesis that Ap4A might take part in the
      onset of proliferation. The greater Ap4A increase in older rats may suggest a
      possible need for a stronger triggering mechanism to start proliferation in aged
      tissue. However, the experiments do not prove a function for Ap4A in the
      induction of DNA synthesis and it cannot be excluded that Ap4A is a product of an
      independent reaction.

PMID- 3360063
TI  - The effects of thrombopoietic activity of rabbit plasma fractions on
      megakaryocytopoiesis in agar cultures.
AB  - A plasma fraction that stimulates platelet production in vivo also stimulates
      megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro. The plasma activity is attributed to a humoral
      regulator, thrombopoietin. Addition of the thrombocytopenic plasma (TP) fraction
      to an agar system supporting megakaryocyte colonies increased the frequency of
      colony formation significantly over that stimulated by spleen cell-conditioned
      medium (SCM). TP had no effect on the size of the colonies and, in the absence of
      SCM, TP did not stimulate colony formation. In studies of single megakaryocytes,
      the numbers of small megakaryocytes, specifically those 5-10 microns in diameter,
      increased significantly after 3 days of incubation with TP alone. SCM supported
      not an increase in the numbers, but an increase in the proportion of larger (30-
      to 40-microns) megakaryocytes. A normal plasma fraction contained similar but
      consistently less activity than fractions containing TP. The findings indicated
      that TP stimulates differentiation of megakaryocyte precursors from
      unidentifiable to identifiable cells but does not alone support colony formation.
      Thus, TP appears to be a potentiator of megakaryocytopoiesis. However, the
      augmentation of colony frequency by TP further suggests that TP may also play a
      role in early colony development, either by enhancing progenitor responsiveness
      to a megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor or by recruiting additional colony
      progenitors from a noncycling progenitor population. These studies establish a
      link between the stimulation of platelet production observed after TP
      administration in vivo and the effects of TP on early events in
      megakaryocytopoiesis.

PMID- 3360064
TI  - Effects of an aplastic anemia urinary extract on mouse erythroid progenitor cells
      in vivo.
AB  - We investigated the in vivo effects of a crude extract from the urine of aplastic
      anemia patients (AA urinary extract) on erythroid precursor cells in the femoral
      bone marrow and spleens of normal adult mice. A single intraperitoneal injection
      of AA urinary extract induced a significant increase in the number of splenic
      erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-e) and erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-e)
      within 24 h after injection. We then injected pure recombinant erythropoietin
      (Epo) equivalent to the amount present in the urinary extract. This addition
      increased the number of splenic CFU-e by almost the same degree as the amount
      induced by the AA urinary extract 24 h after injection, but failed to elicit any
      change in the number of splenic BFU-e. In other studies, mice were injected with
      the same amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or pure Epo as that present in
      the AA urinary extract. Experiments with Limulus amebocyte lysate-adsorbed
      (endotoxin-depleted) or nonadsorbed (endotoxin-containing) AA urinary extracts
      showed that endotoxin contamination interfered with the increase in numbers of
      marrow CFU-e and enhanced the increase in splenic CFU-e numbers induced by pure
      Epo or Epo activity in the AA urinary extract. The number of splenic BFU-e,
      however, was not affected by administration of LPS and/or Epo or by adsorbed
      endotoxin. These data suggest that AA urinary extract contains a stimulating
      activity for mouse splenic BFU-e, and that this activity is not attributable to
      the Epo activity or endotoxin contamination within the urinary extract.

PMID- 3360065
TI  - The role of the spleen in a lactate dehydrogenase mutant mouse (Ldh-1c/Ldh-1c)
      with hemolytic anemia.
AB  - The lactate dehydrogenase mouse mutant Ldh-1c/Ldh-1c is afflicted with a severe
      hemolytic anemia associated with extreme reticulocytosis (95%) and splenomegaly.
      Ninety-one percent of the total body colony-forming units--erythroid (CFU-E) have
      been quantified in the seven- to ten-times enlarged spleens of the mutant mice.
      Moreover, the splenic fraction of morphologically recognizable erythroid
      precursors was 134 times normal. From these data it was apparent that the spleen
      crucially contributes to the maintenance of steady state erythropoiesis in the
      mutants. On the other hand, an enhanced sequestration of red blood cells in the
      enlarged spleen may augment the anemia. Splenectomy experiments were performed
      with LDH mutant and wild type mice in order to investigate the role of the spleen
      in this particular hemolytic disease. Following splenectomy, the peripheral blood
      values and the frequency of femoral stem and progenitor cells were determined,
      and histological investigations were carried out. The life span of the
      splenectomized mutants was not shortened, in spite of a very low red blood cell
      count (25% of the untreated mutant value). Compared to the splenic loss only a
      moderate increase in bone marrow erythropoiesis was observed, such as a 250%
      increase of CFU-E. It is concluded that the reduction in red blood cell survival
      due to splenic sequestration in the mutants is of such a magnitude that it
      counterbalances a significant portion of splenic erythropoiesis.

PMID- 3360067
TI  - Erythroid colony formation and effect of hemin in vitro in hereditary
      sideroblastic anemias.
AB  - Colony formation by erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and erythroid colony
      forming units (CFU-E) and the effect of hemin on colony growth was studied in
      vitro in three Finnish families with hereditary sideroblastic anemia (HSA).
      Defective activity of heme synthase has been demonstrated in family A and that of
      delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase in family B. No biochemical defect has been
      recognized so far in family C. CFU-E colony growth was defective in seven of the
      eight persons studied. The formation of BFU-E colonies was normal in family A and
      increased in family C, whereas of the two members of family B one showed normal
      and one decreased BFU-E colony growth. Hemin in 30-120 microM concentration
      increased significantly both BFU-E (p less than 0.01) and CFU-E (p less than
      0.005) colony formation in family C. No effect was seen in family A, and in
      family B the only effect was normalization of the decreased BFU-E colony growth
      by the highest hemin concentration in one person. This study indicates that
      differences exist between families with HSA in erythroid colony formation and in
      response to hemin in vitro, but the low number of investigated members in each
      family does not permit a conclusive evaluation of the impact of the carrier
      versus patient status or of sex on the results.

PMID- 3360066
TI  - Concurrent activation of granulocytes and osteoclasts in busulfan-suppressed bone
      marrow in response to transplantation of a mammary carcinoma in mice.
AB  - Transplantation of CE mammary adenocarcinoma (CE maca) into normal mice produces
      both neutrophilia and hypercalcemia due to osteoclastic bone resorption. In order
      to explore the physiology of osteoclast formation in vivo, the time course of
      neutrophilia and osteoclast development was examined in mice that had been
      pretreated with busulfan prior to the CE maca implantation. Busulfan-treated
      tumor-bearing mice (BUTUM), busulfan-treated control mice (BUCON), tumor-bearing
      mice with no busulfan (TUM), and normal controls (CON) were sacrificed on days 4,
      7, 11, 14, and 17 after tumor implantation. Leukocyte counts, serum calcium
      levels, marrow cellularity, and marrow colony-forming units (CFU) were
      determined. Osteoclasts were quantified histologically by the osteoclast:
      endosteum ratio (OER). BUCON bone marrow was hypoplastic with CFU remaining
      significantly lower than that of controls over the course of the experiment. In
      contrast, BUTUM marrow CFU increased dramatically with the growth of the tumor.
      The most predominant increase was observed in neutrophilic CFU. Development of
      hypercalcemia closely paralleled neutrophilia in both TUM and BUTUM mice,
      although these changes were significantly delayed in the BUTUM group. The
      neutrophil count and serum calcium levels remained within normal control levels
      for BUCON mice. The OER correlated with serum calcium, and it closely paralleled
      the neutrophil count in TUM and BUTUM mice. These results clearly indicated the
      stimulation of bone marrow neutrophilic granulocyte progenitors and osteoclasts
      by the CE maca, indicating that the bone marrow is the primary target of this
      tumor. There may be a closely related mechanism in osteoclast and granulocyte
      stimulation by one or more CE maca factors.

PMID- 3360068
TI  - Coexistent Hoffmann reflexes in human leg muscles are commonly due to volume
      conduction.
AB  - The existence of "concomitant" (coexistent) electromyographic reflex responses in
      soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, produced by posterior tibial nerve
      stimulation, has been cited as evidence for "reciprocal excitation" between these
      antagonistic muscles normally reflexly linked by reciprocal inhibition. Using the
      Hoffmann reflex procedure and posterior tibial nerve stimulation, the existence
      of true reciprocal excitation was tested in six subjects with no neuromuscular
      impairment. Coexistent EMG responses were observed in all subjects. In no
      instance, however, could the tibialis anterior EMG volley to posterior tibial
      nerve stimulation of the soleus muscle be antidromically blocked by common
      peroneal nerve stimulation applied at 10 to 20 ms offset latencies. A second
      stimulation pulse applied to the common peroneal nerve at similar offset
      latencies did antidromically block a tibialis anterior reflex response to common
      peroneal nerve stimulation. Therefore, volume conduction of reflex activity from
      the posterior tibial compartment to the anterior tibial compartment was a common
      observance. We suggest that coexistent EMG reflex responses, presumed to reflect
      reciprocal excitation, should be tested by the procedure described to reject the
      possibility of EMG cross-talk as a confounding variable or as the actual variable
      under investigation.

PMID- 3360069
TI  - Orientation of attention and sensory gating: an evoked potential and reaction
      time study in cat.
AB  - Somesthetic-evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded in eight cats trained to
      perform a reaction time task (RT). The preparatory period (PP) preceding the RT
      began with the cat placing its paw in a box and ended 1.5 s later with a paw
      withdrawal signal, an imperative stimulus (IS). In experiment 1 (E1), the IS took
      the form of a vibration in the box, whereas in experiment 2 (E2) a tone was used.
      The SEPs were elicited by electrical stimulation delivered to the paw once per
      trial and at a different moment during the last second of each PP. The SEPs were
      recorded in the lemniscus medialis (LM), the centrum medianum (CM), and over the
      anterior suprasylvian gyrus (ASSG). During the PP of E1 (four cats), SEPs
      recorded in the CM and over the ASSG were found to be significantly depressed. No
      significant change was noted, however, in those recorded in the LM. No
      significant SEP depression was found in any of the structures in E2 (four cats).
      Comparison between the two experiments revealed notable differences at both the
      thalamic and cortical levels. Moreover, SEP depression diminished as the moment
      for the IS approached. While, in E1, this occurred in the CM and over the ASSG,
      in E2 it was found in the CM only. Lemniscal and thalamic SEP amplitude was found
      to be correlated with performance. These findings are discussed in terms of
      orientation of attention, discrimination, and sensory gating.

PMID- 3360070
TI  - Inhibition of reactive gliosis in vivo by exogenous axolemma and myelin
      fractions.
AB  - Exogenous myelin- or axolemma-enriched fractions were assessed for the ability to
      inhibit biochemical and morphological expressions of reactive gliosis in rat
      optic nerve. Elvax pellets containing exogenous myelin, axolemma, whole-brain
      homogenate, liver, or red cell extracts or no homogenate were inserted into a
      dural slit in distal regions of crushed optic nerve. Biochemical and
      morphological expressions of reactive gliosis were assessed at 7 or 14 days
      postoperatively. Post-traumatic elevations in lactic dehydrogenase activity
      normally seen at 7 days postoperatively were prevented by placement of Elvax
      pellets containing myelin or axolemmal fractions into the optic nerve.
      Morphological analyses indicated an inhibition of post-traumatic elevations in
      glial cell numbers, surface area, and nuclear size at the 14-day time point.
      Exposure of the axolemmal fraction to heat or trypsin inactivated its ability to
      modulate reactive gliotic changes. Myelin fractions were trypsin-sensitive, but
      not heat-sensitive. In contrast, Elvax pellets containing whole-brain tissue
      homogenates or liver and red cell membranes had no significant effects on post
      traumatic glial changes relative to preparations in which homogenate-free pellets
      were used.

PMID- 3360071
TI  - Human pupillary response to ramp changes in light intensity.
AB  - The dynamic behavior of the pupillary system was explored using different
      velocity ramp changes in light intensity. Ramp stimuli ranged in velocity from
      0.02 to 8.00 log units/s and the responses were recorded from three subjects. For
      ramp velocity below 0.066 log units/s, the responses were mainly ramps. Above 1.0
      log units/s ramp velocity, the responses were mostly steps. In the stimulus
      velocity range of 0.066 to 1.0 log units/s, the primary responses were step
      ramps. The amplitudes of the initial step movement in step-ramp responses were
      found to be proportional to stimulus ramp velocity. Thus the pupillary system
      appears either to convert the total energy in a time interval or the rate of
      change of intensity of the ramp stimulus into a step signal for driving the
      pupillary plant output.

PMID- 3360072
TI  - Hypoxia preferentially destroys GABAergic neurons in developing rat neocortex
      explants in culture.
AB  - The hypothesis that hypoxic ischemia before or during the human birth process
      preferentially destroys GABAergic nerve cells, particularly in the neocortex, was
      tested in a tissue culture model system. To that end, rat neocortex explants
      dissected from 6-day-old rat pups and cultured to a developmental stage
      approximately comparable to that of the newborn human neocortex were exposed to
      hypoxia for different periods. Quantitative light microscopic and
      immunocytochemical evaluation of the cultures demonstrated that GABAergic neurons
      were indeed the first neurons to die during hypoxia.

PMID- 3360073
TI  - Passive stretch of adult chicken muscle produces a myopathy remarkably similar to
      hereditary muscular dystrophy.
AB  - The wings of 10 chickens between 1 and 5 years of age were passively extended. An
      increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase activity was observed in 30 min,
      continued to rise for 24 h, and then declined, suggesting mechanically induced
      damage to muscle fibers. Wing muscles were removed and examined histologically at
      various times after stretch. Patagialis muscles, but not biceps brachii, showed
      the development of muscle fiber pathology. The patagialis muscle is less active
      than the biceps brachii and is stretched to a greater degree by wing extension.
      Susceptibility of muscles to development of pathology appeared to be correlated
      with the age of the chickens. Pathology was remarkably similar to that observed
      in young chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Necrotic fibers exhibiting
      segmental necrosis, abnormal shapes, enlargement, splitting, vacuolation, and
      phagocytosis were evident. Of particular interest was the appearance of abnormal
      clusters of acetylcholinesterase activity along the sarcolemma. These sites were
      shown to appear on fibers of 2-week-old dystrophic chicks prior to necrosis and
      increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. It is suggested that aging of
      inactive muscles may promote adhesions between muscle fibers rendering them
      susceptible to damage when stretched and that necrosis of dystrophic fibers may
      be initiated by a similar mechanism. Such could occur if the genetic defect
      resulted in interfiber adhesions. Support for this hypothesis by other reports in
      the literature is discussed.

PMID- 3360074
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital on Purkinje cell growth patterns in the rat cerebellum.
AB  - The effects of low level phenobarbital administration (18 postcoitus to 21 days
      postnatal) on Purkinje cell growth and remodeling were studied from 3 to 20 weeks
      postnatal). The Purkinje cell dendritic trees were analyzed both metrically and
      topologically using the method of vertex analysis. The total segment length, mean
      terminal path length, and mean vertex path length were reduced in the treated
      cells. The pattern of segment frequency as related to equivalent orders was
      abnormal in the treated cells. The Va/Vb vertex ratios and the levels of
      trichotomy indicated that the treated cells underwent nonrandom remodeling,
      unlike the control cells which exhibited dichotomous, random terminal branching.
      These observations confirm that phenobarbital produces distinct long-term
      morphologic alterations in Purkinje cells.

PMID- 3360075
TI  - Comparisons between strychnine and penicillin epileptogenesis suggest that
      propagating epileptiform abnormalities require the potentiation of
      thalamocortical circuitry in neocortical layer 4.
AB  - Simultaneous recordings from three laminae within the cat visual cortex following
      differential intralaminar injections of strychnine (i) confirmed that low
      strychnine concentrations (5 mM) induce interictal-like epileptiform
      abnormalities (late responses) only when injected into superficial layers 2 and
      3, (ii) revealed that these abnormalities are generated locally within these
      layers, and (iii) showed that they remain local phenomena by not spreading
      vertically into other cortical layers. Higher strychnine concentrations (20 mM),
      however, (iv) obscured these laminar differences by increasing layer 4
      sensitivity to this agent in addition to the maximally sensitive superficial
      layers, and further (v) revealed nonlocal, vertically propagating, interictal
      like abnormalities (late responses) following layer 4 injections which are
      preceded by an increase in thalamocortically mediated activity within this layer
      (enhanced physiologic responses). When penicillin was used as the convulsant,
      propagated interictal-like responses (late responses) induced in any layer were
      always preceded by a thalamocortically mediated response from layer 4 (enhanced
      physiologic responses); a condition clearly unlike the 5 mM but similar to the 20
      mM strychnine foci observed in this study. These results suggest that convulsant
      action upon the thalamocortical circuitry of layer 4 is essential for the
      development of propagating as opposed to local epileptiform activity. Further,
      these results may also help explain why some cortical seizure disorders remain
      localized (focal) whereas others secondarily generalize to distal brain sites
      (i.e., complex partial seizures of extratemporal origin).

PMID- 3360076
TI  - Effect of spinal cord transection in the newborn, weanling, and adult rat on the
      morphology of thoracic motoneurons.
AB  - The midthoracic spinal cord was transected in neonatal (N = 12), weanling (N =
      9), and adult (N = 9) rats and sections were prepared at various postoperative
      survival periods (2 to 106 days p.o.) using a modified Golgi-Cox stain. The
      morphology of large lamina IX "motoneurons" was examined 0 to 5 mm rostral to the
      lesion border and compared with the morphology of similar cells from this region
      in developing and adult rats. Motoneurons examined in neonatal operates underwent
      the same temporal sequence of morphologic changes seen during normal development.
      Motoneurons in weanling operates underwent rapid morphologic changes which were
      most marked at the earliest period studied (2 days p.o.). These changes included
      a decrease in perikaryal diameter, dendritic loss, and the appearance of
      perikaryal and dendritic spines and varicose swellings. At the longest p.o.
      survival period analyzed (60 days p.o.), neurons had partially recovered but
      still retained somatic and dendritic spines and a reduced dendritic arbor.
      Motoneurons stained in adult operates showed no morphologic changes at 15 days
      p.o. but by 90 days p.o. somatic and dentritic spines were apparent, more similar
      to the morphology normally seen in the early postnatal period. We interpret these
      data to indicate that motoneurons surviving spinal transection are relatively
      unaffected by this lesion during the synaptogenic period and most severely
      affected when denervated near the end of this time. The more gradual appearance
      of regressive morphologic changes seen in adult motoneurons may indicate the
      continued partial denervation of these cells.

PMID- 3360077
TI  - Adaptation of sarcolemmal action potential mechanisms to chronic depolarization
      in denervated skeletal muscle.
AB  - Action potential properties were studied in rat extensor digitorum longus fibers,
      at different times after locally setting the membrane to a holding potential of 
      90 mV. Whereas in normal muscles holding potential duration had little effect on
      the action potential, the holding potential duration markedly influenced membrane
      excitability in the fibers previously depolarized by increasing the K+
      concentration of the bathing medium. In this case, when the holding potential was
      prolonged from 20 to 180 s, action potential overshoot, maximum rate of rise, and
      maximum rate of fall increased 1.8-, 3.1-, and 1.8-fold, respectively. In the
      denervated muscle, overshoot and maximum rate of fall were dependent on the
      duration of holding potential application until denervation day 6, whereas
      maximum rate of rise was affected throughout the duration of this study (15 days
      of denervation). However, 180-s application of -90 mV holding potential elicited
      about a 2-fold increase of maximum rate of rise in the earlier denervation
      stages, and only a 1.5-fold increase at later times. These observations suggest
      that ultra-slow processes of Na+ conductance inactivation were less effective
      after 6 days of denervation. Correspondingly, extensor digitorum longus fibers
      acquired the ability to generate action potentials at a depolarized holding
      potential. The partial removal of ultra-slow Na+ inactivation after muscle
      denervation could substantially contribute to a general process of membrane
      adaptation, resulting in the capacity of voltage-dependent ion channels to
      operate in a condition of chronic depolarization.

PMID- 3360078
TI  - Differential effects of 10-Hz and 50 Hz-stimulation of the tibialis anterior on
      the ipsilateral, unstimulated soleus muscle.
AB  - Twelve rabbits were cast-immobilized for 4 weeks during which either 10- or 50-Hz
      stimulation was applied transcutaneously to the anterior compartment muscles.
      After the treatment period, tibialis anterior and soleus muscle contractile and
      histochemical properties were measured. Tibialis anterior stimulation at either
      10 or 50 Hz had significantly different effects on the ipsilateral, unstimulated
      soleus muscles. Whereas soleus muscles of both groups demonstrated significant
      atrophy relative to nonstimulated, nonimmobilized soleus muscles, the soleus
      muscles from the 50-Hz group demonstrated significantly less atrophy than did the
      soleus muscles from the 10-Hz group as indicated by significantly greater muscle
      mass, maximum tetanic tension, and fast fiber area. The results indicate that
      muscle stimulation may have beneficial effects on ipsilateral muscles that are
      passively stretched secondary to stimulation. In addition, passive tension, not
      just muscle activation, appears to have an important role in regulating muscle
      size.

PMID- 3360079
TI  - Investigating the paranormal. An introduction.

PMID- 3360080
TI  - Investigating the paranormal.

PMID- 3360081
TI  - The detection of fraud and fakery.
AB  - Fraud is often found in science, especially in what is termed, 'fringe science'.
      There are several reasons why scientists should be aware of the fact that they,
      too, can be deceived, both by subjects in experiments and by themselves. The will
      to believe is strong even among 'hard-headed' academics, and is often the factor
      that causes them to publish results that do not stand up to subsequent
      examination and/or attempts to replicate. In some cases, scientists would be well
      advised to consult with such experts as conjurors, when skilled frauds are in a
      position to mislead them.

PMID- 3360082
TI  - Remote viewing.
AB  - Remote viewing is the supposed faculty which enables a percipient, sited in a
      closed room, to describe the perceptions of a remote agent visiting an unknown
      target site. To provide convincing demonstration of such a faculty poses a range
      of experimental and practical problems, especially if feedback to the percipient
      is allowed after each trial. The precautions needed are elaborate and
      troublesome; many potential loopholes have to be plugged and there will be strong
      temptations to relax standards, requiring exceptional discipline and dedication
      by the experimenters. Most reports of remote viewing experiments are rather
      superficial and do not permit assessment of the experimental procedures with
      confidence; in many cases there is clear evidence of particular loopholes left
      unclosed. Any serious appraisal of the evidence would have to go beyond the
      reports. Meanwhile the published evidence is far from compelling, and certainly
      insufficient to justify overthrow of well-established scientific principles.

PMID- 3360083
TI  - The cold reading technique.
AB  - For many people, belief in the paranormal derives from personal experience of
      face-to-face interviews with astrologers, palm readers, aura and Tarot readers,
      and spirit mediums. These encounters typically involve cold reading, a process in
      which a reader makes calculated guesses about a client's background and problems
      and, depending on the reaction, elaborates a reading which seems to the client so
      uniquely appropriate that it carries with it the illusion of having been produced
      by paranormal means. The cold reading process is shown to depend initially on the
      Barnum effect, the tendency for people to embrace generalized personality
      descriptions as idiosyncratically their own. Psychological research into the
      Barnum effect is critically reviewed, and uses of the effect by a professional
      magician are described. This is followed by detailed analysis of the cold reading
      performances of a spirit medium. Future research should investigate the degree to
      which cold readers may have convinced themselves that they actually possess
      psychic or paranormal abilities.

PMID- 3360084
TI  - Dysplasia of subcommissural organ in congenital hydrocephalus spontaneously
      occurring in CWS/Idr rats.
AB  - The subcommissural organ (SCO) of the congenital hydrocephalus spontaneously
      occurring in CWS/Idr rats was severely reduced in size and displaced at some
      distance from the anterior end of the cerebral aqueduct. The cerebral aqueduct of
      the hydrocephalic rats was open throughout its total length during postnatal days
      1-20, though it was somewhat narrower at its middle region than in the normal
      brain.

PMID- 3360086
TI  - Growth of lung and thorax dimensions during the pubertal growth spurt.
AB  - In the follow-up study of adolescents residual volume (RV), vital capacity (VC),
      closing volume (CV), thorax height and thorax width were measured at six month
      intervals over a six year period; 149 girls and 477 boys, whose ages ranged
      between 11.5 and 18.5 yr during the follow-up, were investigated. In healthy
      subjects and in those with respiratory symptoms the rates of change of thoracic
      dimensions, as calculated by a robust linear regression technique, were
      moderately well correlated; the growth rates of RV and VC were only slightly
      correlated, and both were moderately well correlated with changes in thorax
      dimensions. Thorax height increased relative to thorax width in boys and girls
      during the follow-up. In boys, thorax height continued to grow, when standing
      height and thorax width had attained adult values in girls. Thus the thorax
      attains a more elongated shape. During the adolescent growth spurt the residual
      volume as a percentage of total lung capacity (RV%TLC) within subjects increased
      on average 0.6% per yr, and closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity
      (CV%VC) decreased on average 0.5% per yr. Both of these changes can be accounted
      for by decreased thorax compliance and increased outward chest recoil at low lung
      volumes.

PMID- 3360085
TI  - Selective effects of PHA on rat brush border hydrolases along the crypt-villus
      axis.
AB  - The mechanism of the toxicity of lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds has been
      investigated on rat enterocytes. Cell isolation procedures showed a selectivity
      in the loss of brush border hydrolases; this indicated that the microvilli
      blebbing was not the only mechanism of action of lectins on rat enterocytes.

PMID- 3360087
TI  - Lung function changes following Legionnaires' disease.
AB  - Eleven out of thirteen patients hospitalized because of severe pneumonia caused
      by Legionella Pneumophila were evaluated over a period of 53 months. During the
      acute phase, all but one patient manifested severe hypoxaemia, needing either
      supplementary oxygen or, in the case of three, mechanical ventilation and one
      died. Following recovery, two patients complained of mild shortness of breath
      alone. However, most of the individuals showed subclinical mild to moderate
      ventilatory and/or gas exchange abnormalities a few months after discharge (less
      than 6 months). Despite the fact that some of these functional findings in part
      persisted at long-term (6-33 months), a significant overall improvement in lung
      function was noticed. The main pulmonary functional sequelae following
      Legionnaires' Disease might include a restrictive ventilatory defect, a low
      transfer factor and hypoxaemia.

PMID- 3360088
TI  - The alveolar carbon monoxide uptake fraction: a simple, alternative measure of
      carbon monoxide transfer.
AB  - The measurement and interpretation of "diffusing capacity" by either single
      breath or steady-state methods are complicated by both technical and conceptual
      difficulties. The CO uptake fraction is less complex but, as originally
      described, it is unacceptably sensitive to dead-space ventilation. A modification
      (the "alveolar CO uptake fraction", UA) largely removes this factor. We have
      measured UA in thirteen healthy subjects and 100 patients with a variety of
      pulmonary disorders. It is reproducible and appears sensitive to clinical
      abnormality. Its technical and interpretative simplicity suggest its use as an
      alternative to other measures of CO transfer.

PMID- 3360089
TI  - Changes in respiratory muscle function after neostigmine injection in patients
      with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - In sixteen patients with myasthenia gravis, the weakness of respiratory muscles,
      especially of expiratory, caused some disturbances in lung function. Thirty
      minutes after injection of neostigmine, general improvement of muscle function
      was accompanied by an increase of strength and endurance of respiratory muscles.
      The mean value of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) increased by 33%,
      maximal expiratory mouth pressure (PEmax) by 23.5% and maximal voluntary
      ventilation (MVV) by 21%. As a consequence of these changes amelioration of lung
      function indices was found, vital capacity increasing on average by 13% and
      residual volume decreasing by 12.5%. We concluded that patients with generalized
      myasthenia gravis have disturbances in lung function which may be partially
      improved by neostigmine injection or other anticholinesterase agents.

PMID- 3360090
TI  - Respiratory symptoms and the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve; a multivariate
      approach.
AB  - Information on the size and shape of about 8500 maximum expiratory flow-volume
      (MEFV) curves was related multivariately to respiratory symptoms to construct a
      sensitive measure of airflow limitation. The data were obtained in an
      epidemiological follow-up study of a normal population in The Netherlands. Using
      non-linear canonical correlation analysis, thirteen variables from each curve
      yielded two uncorrelated variates which were optimally related to two variates
      simultaneously derived from all respiratory data. Curves with different size and
      shape may yield the same probability for respiratory symptoms. In this context
      the scores of individuals on the scales of the two curve-derived variates do not
      have to be corrected for body or lung size. Using FEV1 and standing height about
      half as much of the variability in respiratory symptoms is explained as when
      using the whole MEFV-curve. Moreover, the distribution of the scores for the MEFV
      curves allows the differentiation between three patterns of airflow limitation
      graphically. These three types suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms
      related to airways resistance and lung elastic recoil and may be used to
      characterize individual curves. One type relates to subjects with symptoms of
      'asthma', one to airflow limitation as found among people with dyspnoea and
      elderly subjects and another to bronchitic symptoms. In females, the association
      of the MEFV-curve with 'asthma' is stronger than in males but much weaker with
      bronchitic symptoms. Curves found to be more related to 'asthma' or bronchitic
      symptoms, but not to dyspnoea, are more prevalent among current than among never
      smokers in males.

PMID- 3360091
TI  - Bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with cold air inhalation does not
      generally influence bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in asthmatic
      subjects.
AB  - We investigated immediate and late changes in airway responsiveness to histamine,
      after bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with inhalation of cold air,
      in ten asthmatic subjects who came on six days. On the first visit, the
      provocation concentration producing 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) histamine was
      obtained. After functional recovery, each subject walked on a treadmill whilst
      breathing dry, cold air. This resulted in an immediate fall greater than 15%
      (mean +/- SD = 31.9 +/- 11.0%) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).
      Following recovery, PC20 was measured again. FEV1 was then monitored for up to 6
      8 h. PC20 was measured then and on the two following days at the same time of the
      day. Subjects were studied on three control days using the same design except
      that a resting period replaced the exercise with cold air. The mean changes in
      PC20 at each interval after exercise combined with cold air were not
      statistically significant. Physiologically significant changes were obtained in
      only two subjects, reaching a maximum 8 h after the manoeuvre. In these subjects,
      changes in PC20 were reproducible during a second series of visits. It is
      concluded that bronchial responsiveness to histamine is not generally influenced
      by the bronchoconstriction due to exercise combined with cold air.

PMID- 3360092
TI  - No effect of oral N-acetylcysteine on the bioavailability of erythromycin and
      bacampicillin.
AB  - In vitro studies with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solutions used for inhalation
      treatment have demonstrated inactivation of some antibiotics by NAC. Oral NAC
      treatment is increasingly common for long-term prophylaxis in chronic bronchitis.
      During exacerbations, treatment with oral antibiotics will often be given
      simultaneously. We assessed the effect of simultaneous oral administration of NAC
      on the bioavailability of two antibiotics in ten healthy volunteers. No effect of
      NAC was found on the bioavailability of ampicillin, after administration of the
      prodrug bacampicillin. A slight, but not significant statistical increase in
      erythromycin serum levels was seen with NAC. Acetylator phenotype did not
      influence the absorption of NAC, which seemed slightly reduced by bacampicillin,
      but significantly increased by erythromycin. No decrease of antibacterial
      activity of sera was found in vitro after the addition of NAC or the related
      thiol glutathione, employing micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus as
      indicator organisms.

PMID- 3360093
TI  - Bronchial cancer and hypereosinophilia.
AB  - A 73 yr old man with a marked eosinophilia, associated with generalized bronchial
      carcinoma was observed. Ten months earlier his blood count was normal. The
      mechanism of the eosinophilia is discussed.

PMID- 3360094
TI  - The transfer factor and its subdivisions in patients with pulmonary emboli.
AB  - The carbon monoxide transfer factor and its subdivisions, the pulmonary membrane
      diffusing capacity and the pulmonary capillary volume were measured in fourteen
      subjects following submassive pulmonary emboli, as demonstrated by a ventilation
      perfusion scan, and in fourteen matched controls. Transfer factor and alveolar
      volume were significantly lower in patients with pulmonary emboli (p less than
      0.02). Patients were given six weeks anticoagulant therapy and the measurements
      repeated three months later. There was a significant increase in the transfer
      factor and the alveolar volume (p less than 0.01) and the membrane diffusing
      capacity (p less than 0.05). It has previously been assumed that the reduction in
      the transfer factor following a pulmonary embolus is due to a reduction in the
      pulmonary capillary volume. Results of this study however, suggest that it is
      more likely to be due to a loss of alveolar volume, at least in subjects with
      submassive emboli.

PMID- 3360095
TI  - Interventive interviewing: Part III. Intending to ask lineal, circular,
      strategic, or reflexive questions?
AB  - Every question asked by a therapist may be seen to embody some intent and to
      arise from certain assumptions. Many questions are intended to orient the
      therapist to the client's situation and experiences; others are asked primarily
      to provoke therapeutic change. Some questions are based on lineal assumptions
      about the phenomena being addressed; others are based on circular assumptions.
      The differences among these questions are not trivial. They tend to have
      dissimilar effects. This article explores these issues and offers a framework for
      distinguishing four major groups of questions. The framework may be used by
      therapists to guide their decision making about what kinds of questions to ask,
      and by researchers to study different interviewing styles.

PMID- 3360096
TI  - A theoretical framework for evaluation and treatment of the victims of child
      sexual assault by a nonfamily member.
AB  - Thirty-seven families whose children were victims of sexual abuse by a nonfamily
      member were evaluated and treated during a nine-month period. The average age of
      the children was 5.36 years. The youngest children were boys, and all the
      adolescents were girls. A theoretical framework adapted from Ferreira's and Byng
      Hall's work was developed to assess and treat child victims of sexual molestation
      and their families. The format consists of three concepts. First, the trauma from
      sexual abuse, being outside the realm of usual human experience, creates a breach
      in the family's adaptive and protective shield, including its shared values and
      beliefs. Second, the trauma has a "derailing" effect on the child's and family's
      predicted passage through their world. And third, issues that arise as a
      consequence of disclosure are intimately tied to preexisting family myths and
      beliefs. Evaluation, treatment, and short-term outcomes are discussed.

PMID- 3360097
TI  - Therapy for families manifesting manic-depressive behavior.
AB  - This is a companion piece to the article "Some Features of Families with Major
      Affective Disorders," published in Family Process (25: 325-336, 1986). In
      addition to the family features mentioned in the first article, the authors
      report on other features that have come to the fore since then. Subsequently,
      they deal with the therapeutic problems that derive from all of these features.
      In particular, they elaborate on how the therapists must (and can) maintain their
      neutrality in the face of the massive polarizations and extremes of the either/or
      thinking found in these families. There follows a description of typical phases
      in the therapeutic process. Finally, therapy with one family is described in
      detail.

PMID- 3360098
TI  - On second-order family therapy.
AB  - If family therapists remain aware of the indivisible and recursive nature of
      their interactions with families, and if they use this awareness to form a
      collaborative rather than a hierarchical therapeutic system, and at the same time
      minimize their attempts to change persons or family structures in strategic or
      predetermined ways, then they may be said to be practicing a "second-order"
      family therapy. This article analyzes the development of the second-order
      position on therapist power and influence, concluding that it is inconsistent and
      possibly disingenuous.

PMID- 3360099
TI  - Theories of family adaptability: toward a synthesis of Olson's Circumplex and the
      Beavers systems models.
AB  - Two typologies of family process, Olson's Circumplex Model and the Beavers
      Systems Model, are discussed, focusing particularly upon their definitions of
      family adaptability. It is argued that the two typologies are not simply
      "separate but equal" (11), but, rather, that there is an ambiguity in the
      Circumplex Model that disguises a fundamental theoretical overlap between the
      two. Olson's definition of adaptability is founded upon the concepts of
      morphogenesis and change; Beavers builds upon the concepts of negentropy and
      competence. It may be shown, however, that both understandings are necessitated
      by the theoretical writings of Olson and his colleagues. The nature of this
      ambiguity in the Circumplex Model is critically explored, and a higher-order
      model that attempts to synthesize these two theories is proposed.

PMID- 3360100
TI  - Ontario Child Health Study: reliability and validity of the general functioning
      subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device.
AB  - The reliability and validity of the 12-item General Functioning (GF) subscale of
      the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) is reported here. Psychometric
      properties of the FAD have been previously determined, but no independent
      assessment has been made of the GF subscale, which was used to measure family
      functioning in the Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS). Reliability was measured by
      Chronbach's alpha and split-half correlation. Validity was assessed by
      hypothesizing the relationships expected between the GF scores and other family
      variables included in the OCHS data set. The results indicate good reliability,
      and all hypotheses of validity were supported. The brevity and ease of
      administering the GF subscale recommend it for further use in survey research in
      which a global assessment of family functioning is required.

PMID- 3360101
TI  - [Side effects of anabolic steroids].

PMID- 3360102
TI  - [Clinical and experimental validation of the use of the tranquilizer mebikar as a
      corrective of the neuroleptic syndrome].
AB  - The results of the experimental and clinical studies showed that administration
      of mebikar in combination with neuroleptics reduced the degree of side effects of
      the neuroleptics without decreasing their antipsychotic effect.

PMID- 3360104
TI  - [Effect of azafen on an experimental model of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3360103
TI  - [Piracetam effectiveness in hypoxic states and emotional stress].
AB  - Piracetam was shown to increase tolerance of mice to acute hypobaric hypoxia and
      acute asphyxia. In Wistar rats the drug induced reorganization of the behavior,
      increased natural weight gain, transformed the estrous cycle, changed electron
      transfer through liver mitochondrial membrane, enhanced oxygen-binding properties
      of hemoglobin.

PMID- 3360105
TI  - [Effect of komplamin and nikoshpan on brain circulation and metabolism in the
      postischemic period].
AB  - Intravenous administration of komplamin to anesthetized cats before the brain
      ischemia or in the early period following ischemia prevents the development of
      the postischemic phenomenon of the cerebral blood flow nonrecovery and
      beneficially influences the cerebral metabolism: restores oxygen and glucose
      consumption by the brain, decreases pyruvic acid level in the arterial and venous
      blood, attenuates the phenomenon of acidosis. Nikoshpan improves the blood supply
      to the brain, restores oxygen and glucose consumption by the brain in the
      postischemic period only if administered before the brain ischemia.

PMID- 3360106
TI  - [Action of anti-arrhythmia agents in ischemia and hyperoxia].
AB  - During experiments (128 rabbits) it was shown that under ischemia and hyperoxia
      the pharmacodynamics of lidocaine, anaprilin and ethacizine changed in
      centrogenic and peripheral arrhythmias induced by aconitine. Hyperoxia
      significantly potentiated the antiarrhythmic effect of the drugs except lidocaine
      action in centrogenic arrhythmias.

PMID- 3360107
TI  - [Effect of the sodium salt of galbanic acid on thrombocyte aggregation].
AB  - During in vitro experiments galbanic acid (a derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin) at
      concentrations of 50, 100, 200 micrograms/ml suppressed the development of
      platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, histamine, adrenaline,
      acetylcholine and collagen. Intravenous administration of galbanic acid before
      bloodletting prevented and against the background of bloodletting eliminated
      platelet hyperaggregation in dogs.

PMID- 3360108
TI  - [Correction of immunity and hemostasis with peptides from the bursa of Fabricius
      and bone marrow in embryonically bursectomized chicks].
AB  - Peptides from the bursa of Fabricius were shown to normalize immunogenesis, blood
      coagulation and fibrinolysis in bursectomized chicks to a greater extent than
      those from the bone marrow. Antigen-independent differentiation of B-lymphocytes
      can probably take place under the influence of peptides from the bursa of
      Fabricius in bursectomized chicks.

PMID- 3360109
TI  - [Metabolism of an antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class].
AB  - Study of biotransformation of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (2E6M3O) in rats
      by using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry resulted in
      isolation and identification of its 5 metabolites represented by dealkylated and
      conjugated products of transformation. In terms of manifestation of the
      pharmacological effect of 2E3M3O, of interest may be the identified metabolite
      2E6M3O-phosphate which was found in considerable amounts in the livers of the
      animals. All the rest metabolites were detected only in the rat urine.

PMID- 3360110
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies of the combined use of dibasol and
      furosemide].
AB  - A combined use of dibasol and furosemide was demonstrated to be followed by a
      decrease of furosemide toxic effect on the rat liver, an increase of its diuretic
      effect in patients and changes of furosemide metabolism kinetics in individuals.

PMID- 3360111
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of anaprilin, isoptin and labetalol on the
      peripheral circulation of hypertension patients].
AB  - One of the ways of individualization of treating patients with hypertensive
      disease (HD) is an attempt of an individual action on peripheral blood
      circulation depending on the initially increased pre- or postloading of the
      heart. The clinicopharmacological studies showed that the course treatment with
      low dose anaprilin decreased the pre- and postloading of the heart in HD
      patients, intravenous administration of isoptin (5 mg) reduced the cardiac
      preloading and intravenous labetalol (100 mg) decreased the cardiac postloading.

PMID- 3360112
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its N-dealkylated metabolites in patients with
      chronic ischemic heart disease undergoing long-term monotherapy].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of verapamil (VP) and its main N-dealkylated metabolites (nor
      VP, D-617 and D-620) was studied in 10 patients with chronic ischemic heart
      disease after administration of the first and last doses of the course of
      treatment (80-120 mg of VP 3-4 times per day for 4-7 months). The antipyrine test
      was used in 8 patients simultaneously with the study of pharmacokinetics of VP
      and its metabolites. At the end of the course a decrease of oral clearance of VP
      as compared with its beginning (from 3.02 to 1.57 l/min, p less than 0.01) and an
      increase of the drug half-life (from 6.48 to 9.49 hrs, p less than 0.01) were
      found. Half-lives of nor-VP and D-617 at the end of VP course (12.1 and 19.7 hrs,
      respectively) were also higher than at its beginning (8.7 and 14.2 hrs,
      respectively), half-life of D-620 underwent no significant changes (29.5 hrs at
      the beginning and 31.6 hrs at the end of VP course). At the end of VP course the
      patients exhibited a decrease of antipyrine clearance (to 28.7 versus 43.2 ml/min
      at the beginning of VP course, p less than 0.01) that indicates a reduced
      activity of oxidative microsomal enzymes of the liver due to long-term VP
      therapy. It is presumably one of the causes of decreased VP clearance at the
      course administration.

PMID- 3360113
TI  - [Evaluation of human hemodynamic function after a single dose of glyvenol].
AB  - Glivenol was found to produce no changes in volumetric parameters of the central
      hemodynamics within the first 1.5 hours after its intake but to increase
      moderately hydraulic resistance of peripheral vessels which is more pronounced
      when the patient is in an upright position.

PMID- 3360114
TI  - [Lysozyme content in biological substrates and immunological indices of the blood
      in pneumonia patients].
AB  - An increase of lysozyme content in biological fluids observed during treatment of
      pulmonary diseases was shown to be followed by positive immunological and
      clinical effects. The parameters of immunological properties of lysozyme
      determined on the patient blood cells in vitro (before treatment) may be used for
      prediction of the drug efficacy during treatment.

PMID- 3360115
TI  - [Effect of cyanamide on the level of endogenous ethanol in the liver of normal
      rats and in hypocorticism].
AB  - The rat liver endogenous ethanol level was found to increase under inhibition of
      aldehyde dehydrogenases by cyanamide. Adrenalectomy results in a decrease of the
      liver endogenous ethanol content and abolishes cyanamide effect on this index.
      One of the mechanisms of cyanamide toxic effect may be accumulation of different
      aldehydes including acetaldehyde.

PMID- 3360116
TI  - Pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas citronellolis: shape of the enzyme, and
      localization of its prosthetic biotin group by electron microscopic affinity
      labeling.
AB  - Pseudomonas citronellolis is known to contain a pyruvate carboxylase with an
      alpha 4 beta 4 composition. All the other pyruvate carboxylases investigated so
      far are made up of four seemingly identical subunits. Nevertheless, this
      exceptional pyruvate carboxylase exhibits a size and overall shape similar to
      other pyruvate carboxylases. Electron microscopic affinity labeling with avidin
      revealed that the prosthetic biotin groups (one per alpha beta unit, i.e. four
      per enzyme particle) are located close to the inter-unit junctions of pairs of
      alpha beta units making up the enzyme. This position of the prosthetic biotin
      groups is very similar to the location of the biotin in the other carboxylases.

PMID- 3360117
TI  - Gene expression of fibroblast matrix proteins is altered by indomethacin.
AB  - The role of indomethacin in the regulation of extracellular matrix synthesis was
      studied in dermal fibroblast cultures. Indomethacin (10 microM) blocked totally
      the prostaglandin secretion and markedly increased the synthesis of collagen. In
      parallel, measurement of fibronectin, type I and type III procollagen mRNA levels
      showed a substantial increase under the action of indomethacin. On the other
      hand, indomethacin did not modify the mRNA levels of dermatan sulfate
      proteoglycan core protein. Measurement of collagen production estimated as the
      amount of collagenase digestible protein and by specific radioimmunoassay
      indicated a good correlation with the corresponding mRNA levels. These results
      suggest that indomethacin can regulate the extracellular matrix deposition at a
      transcriptional level.

PMID- 3360118
TI  - Limited proteolysis of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase without loss of enzymic
      activity.
AB  - During tryptic digestion of pig muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase in the presence
      of 3-phosphoglycerate both the decrease of enzymic activity and the release of
      trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptides occur after a pronounced lag period. During
      this lag phase the native enzyme molecule is split into two fragments with
      molecular masses of about 30 and 18 kDa, as detected by SDS-PAGE. Under non
      denaturing conditions, however, these fragments are held together by non-covalent
      forces and constitute an active, nicked enzyme molecule. In the absence of
      substrates or in the presence of MgATP the kinetics of tryptic digestion is
      apparently a single first order reaction leading to the formation of peptides
      with molecular masses of less than 10 kDa.

PMID- 3360119
TI  - Relaxed thiol substrate specificity of glutathione transferase effected by a non
      substrate glutathione derivative.
AB  - Rat glutathione transferase 4-4 catalyzed the conjugation of 2-mercaptoethanol
      with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the presence of S-methyl-glutathione. The
      reaction was linearly dependent on enzyme concentration and saturation was seen
      with respect to both 2-mercaptoethanol and S-methyl-glutathione concentration.
      High concentrations of S-methyl-glutathione were inhibitory. The results suggest
      that the natural substrate glutathione has two distinct functions in the normal
      catalytic reaction, (i) induction of a catalytically competent conformation of
      the enzyme and (ii) provision of the substrate sulfhydryl group in the reaction
      catalyzed.

PMID- 3360120
TI  - A 500 MHz study of peptide T in a DMSO solution.
AB  - Peptide T, an octapeptide of sequence ASTTTNYT that binds to human T cells, was
      studied as a zwitterion in DMSOd6 solution by means of proton NMR spectroscopy at
      500 MHz. The unusual dispersion of the resonances of residues of the same type
      (T) makes it possible to assign all resonances to specific residues by means of
      several 2D techniques. The non-random nature of the conformation is substantiated
      by the observation of sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs). The low
      value of the temperature coefficient of the chemical shift of the NH of T8 and a
      diagnostic NOE between the NHs of T7 and T8 hint that a beta-turn including T5,
      N6, Y7 and T8 is a prominent conformational feature in solution. The ring current
      high field shifts of the methyl group and of the NH of T8 are consistent with an
      interaction with the side-chain of Y7, favoured by the beta-turn.

PMID- 3360121
TI  - The IFI-56K and IFI-54K interferon-inducible human genes belong to the same gene
      family.
AB  - The IFI-56K and IFI-54K human genes are coordinately regulated by interferon,
      double-stranded RNA and viruses in a number of cell lines. These genes encode
      polypeptides of 56 and 54 kDa, respectively, whose function remains to be
      determined. We analysed the possible structural relatedness between these
      syntenic and similarly regulated genes. We found that they are very closely
      related at the protein, mRNA and promoter levels. This suggests that the IFI-56K
      and IFI-54K genes are members of a gene family, which probably arose from
      duplication of an ancestor gene.

PMID- 3360122
TI  - Detection of intercalation-induced changes in DNA structure by reaction with
      diethyl pyrocarbonate or potassium permanganate. Evidence against the induction
      of Hoogsteen base pairing by echinomycin.
AB  - Binding of the bis-intercalators echinomycin and N,N'-di(9-acridinyl)spermidine
      or the mono-intercalators 9-aminoacridine and ethidium to DNA induces
      hypersensitivity of adenines towards reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate. It is
      proposed that this hyperreactivity is due to the DNA helix unwinding and
      extension induced by intercalation, thereby exposing N7 in the major groove, and
      not as previously suggested to the formation of Hoogsteen base pairing.
      Hypersensitivity of thymines towards oxidation with permanganate is also induced
      upon binding of these drugs (especially the bis-intercalators) to DNA. This
      thymine hyperreactivity is both sequence- and intercalator-dependent, thereby
      indicating the potential of KMnO4 as a useful probe for analyzing the structure
      of intercalator-DNA complexes in solution.

PMID- 3360123
TI  - Sex-related difference in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and erythromycin
      by hamster liver microsomes.
AB  - The activities of testosterone hydroxylases and erythromycin N-demethylase were
      significantly higher in liver microsomes from female hamsters than in the male
      counterparts. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a difference in
      protein composition between male and female liver microsomes in the molecular
      mass region comprising cytochrome P-450. Western blot analysis showed further
      that antibodies to rat male-specific cytochrome P-450 crossreacted with at least
      two proteins in both male and female hamster microsomes, but one of the female
      proteins had a different molecular mass from that of the male proteins. It is
      concluded that sex difference in liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 is not
      restricted to rats and mice, as has previously been believed.

PMID- 3360124
TI  - Functional residues at the active site of horse liver phosphopantothenoylcysteine
      decarboxylase.
AB  - Horse liver phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.36) is rapidly
      inactivated by N-acetoacetylation with diketene following a pseudo-first-order
      kinetics: the presence of substrate quantitatively protects against this
      inactivation. Histidine photo-oxidation with methylene blue or rose bengal brings
      about the total loss of activity. These results indicate the presence of
      functional lysyl and histidyl groups at the active site of the enzyme. The
      substrate sulphydryl group is essential for enzyme activity. Enzymatic
      decarboxylation is proposed to result from a combined action of the keto group of
      the enzyme-bound pyruvate protonated by an essential histidine and a protonated
      amino group of a lysine.

PMID- 3360125
TI  - Activation of a brain-specific protein kinase C subspecies in the presence of
      phosphatidylethanol.
AB  - Protein kinase C (PKC) is normally activated by diacylglycerol in the presence of
      Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. At physiological concentrations of Ca2+, however,
      phosphatidylethanol, a product of the phospholipase D-catalyzed
      transphosphatidylation reaction between membrane phospholipids and ethanol, can
      replace phosphatidylserine, and activate PKC. This mode of activation is most
      effective for the gamma-subspecies, which is expressed only in central nervous
      tissue. Phosphatidylmethanol is also effective to some extent. Consideration of
      these results suggests the possibility that ethanol may exert some effect on
      signal transduction in this tissue via changes in protein phosphorylation.

PMID- 3360126
TI  - Biosyntheses and processing of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in rat macrophages.
AB  - The intracellular processing and release of three lysosomal cysteine proteinases,
      cathepsin B, H and L, by rat peritoneal macrophages were investigated by pulse
      chase experiments. Newly synthesized procathepsins B (39 kDa), H(41 kDa) and L
      (39 kDa) after 15 min labeling were processed to the mature, single-chain enzymes
      within 1 h. The single-chain forms of cathepsin B, H and L were further processed
      to two-chain forms at different rates: conversion of cathepsin L to the two-chain
      form was rapid, whereas the conversions cathepsin B and H took at least 6 h.
      Macrophages released 30% of the procathepsins B and L, and 10% of the
      procathepsin H.

PMID- 3360127
TI  - Effect of proteinase inhibitors on intracellular processing of cathepsin B, H and
      L in rat macrophages.
AB  - The effects of various proteinase inhibitors on the processing of lysosomal
      cathepsins B, H and L were investigated in cultured rat peritoneal macrophages.
      The processing of newly synthesized pro-cathepsins B, H and L to the mature
      single-chain enzymes was sensitive to a metal chelator,1,10-phenanthroline, and a
      synthetic metalloendopeptidase substrate, Z-Gly-Leu-NH2, and insensitive to
      inhibitors of serine proteinases, aspartic proteinases and cysteine proteinases.
      Inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, E-64-d and leupeptin, inhibited the
      processing of the single-chain forms of cathepsins B, H and L to the two-chain
      forms. These results suggest that (a) metal endopeptidase(s) is (are) involved in
      the propeptide processing of cathepsin B, H and L, and that proteolytic cleavages
      of the mature single-chain cathepsins are accomplished by cysteine proteinases in
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3360128
TI  - Does sphingomyelin inhibit the erythrocyte anion transport system?
AB  - The anion transport protein of the human erythrocyte membrane, band 3, was
      incorporated into unilamellar sphingomyelin vesicles. The vesicles showed a rapid
      sulfate efflux which could be inhibited by specific inhibitors of the erythrocyte
      anion transport system. All band 3 molecules contributing to the inhibitor
      sensitive flux component were arranged 'right-side-out'. The turnover number of
      the transport protein for sulfate transport was virtually identical to that in
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers and around 6 times larger than in human erythrocyte
      membranes. Thus, in contrast to other claims, sphingomyelin does not inhibit the
      erythrocyte anion transport system.

PMID- 3360129
TI  - Immunoprecipitation of human adrenal microsomal antigen.
AB  - Human adrenal microsomes have been labelled with 125I and immunoprecipitated with
      sera from patients with Addison's disease. The immunoprecipitates were then
      analysed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. 13 of the 23 sera from the Addison
      patients studied contained antibodies which reacted with a 55 kDa adrenal
      microsomal protein. The same 13 sera were also positive for adrenal antibodies as
      judged by immunofluorescence. The 55 kDa protein was not immunoprecipitated from
      placenta or thyroid microsomes by Addison sera. Furthermore, patients with
      Graves' disease or rheumatoid arthritis did not immunoprecipitate the 55 kDa
      protein from adrenal microsomes. Our studies suggest therefore that Addison sera
      contain antibodies to a 55 kDa adrenal specific protein which may well be the
      antigen observed on immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3360131
TI  - The substrate determines the rate and pattern of neutral lipid synthesized by
      isolated human sebaceous glands.
AB  - Lipogenesis from different substrates was determined in isolated human sebaceous
      glands after 17-20 h in culture. Rates of total lipogenesis were 1003 +/- 141,
      842 +/- 90, 481 +/- 57 pmol.h-1 gland-1 +/- SE from acetate, lactate and glucose,
      respectively, when present as sole substrates: the rate from glucose was
      significantly lower (P less than 0.01). Squalene synthesis was greatest from
      acetate at 479 +/- 44 pmol.h-1.gland-1; significantly higher than from lactate
      (281 +/- 45 pmol.h-1.gland-1) or glucose at 119 +/- 18 pmol.h-1.gland-1. Wax
      ester plus cholesterol ester synthesis showed similar dependence on substrate but
      triglyceride synthesis was unaffected. We conclude that the added substrate
      determines both the rate and pattern of non-polar lipid synthesized by isolated
      human sebaceous glands.

PMID- 3360130
TI  - Na+ + Cl- -gradient-driven, high-affinity, uphill transport of taurine in human
      placental brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Uptake of taurine in human placental brush-border membrane vesicles was greatly
      stimulated in the presence of an inwardly-directed Na+ + Cl- -gradient and uphill
      transport of taurine could be demonstrated under these conditions. Na+ as well as
      Cl- were obligatory for this uptake and both ion gradients could energize the
      uphill transport. This Na+ + Cl- -gradient-dependent taurine uptake was
      stimulated by an inside-negative membrane potential, demonstrating the
      electrogenicity of the process. The uptake system was highly specific for beta
      amino acids and the Km of the system for taurine was 6.5 +/- 0.4 microM.

PMID- 3360132
TI  - Processing of chromogranin A within chromaffin granules starts at C- and N
      terminal cleavage sites.
AB  - Specific antisera were raised against synthetic peptide fragments of bovine
      chromogranin A. The soluble proteins of bovine chromaffin granules were subjected
      to two-dimensional immunoblotting with these antisera. The endogenous breakdown
      products of chromogranin A gave distinct patterns of immunostaining which enabled
      us to correlate these peptides with defined regions of the chromogranin A
      molecule. The results establish that within chromaffin granules degradation of
      chromogranin A by the endogenous proteases can start either at the C- or the N
      terminal site.

PMID- 3360133
TI  - Number of tRNA binding sites on 80 S ribosomes and their subunits.
AB  - The ability of rabbit liver ribosomes and their subunits to form complexes with
      different forms of tRNAPhe (aminoacyl-, peptidyl- and deacylated) was studied
      using the nitrocellulose membrane filtration technique. The 80 S ribosomes were
      shown to have two binding sites for aminoacyl- or peptidyl-tRNA and three binding
      sites for deacylated tRNA. The number of tRNA binding sites on 80 S ribosomes or
      40 S subunits is constant at different Mg2+ concentrations (5-20 mM). Double
      reciprocal or Scatchard plot analysis indicates that the binding of Ac-Phe
      tRNAPhe to the ribosomal sites is a cooperative process. The third site on the 80
      S ribosome is formed by its 60 S subunit, which was shown to have one codon
      independent binding site specific for deacylated tRNA.

PMID- 3360134
TI  - Inhibition of adenine nucleotide transport through the mitochondrial porin by a
      synthetic polyanion.
AB  - The effect of a synthetic polyanion of Mr 10,000 (a copolymer of methacrylate,
      maleate and styrene in a 1:2:3 proportion) was studied on isolated rat liver
      mitochondria and on mitochondrial porin reconstituted into lipid bilayer
      membranes. Increasing concentrations of the polyanion inhibited the adenyl kinase
      located between both mitochondrial membranes in a dose-dependent fashion. Upon
      addition of the detergent digitonin in increasing concentrations the adenyl
      kinase activity was fully reversible. In reconstitution experiments with
      mitochondrial porin the polyanion increased the voltage dependence of the pore in
      such a way that the pore is switched into the closed state at much smaller
      voltages than in the absence of the polyanion. The asymmetric addition of the
      polyanion resulted in an asymmetric shift of the voltage-dependence of the pore.
      If the voltage is negative at the cis-side (the side of the addition of the
      polyanion) the pore closed rapidly whereas it was always open for potentials of
      opposite polarity. The results are discussed on the basis of a modification of
      the gate properties of the mitochondrial porin by the polyanion and by the
      assumption that the closed state of the pore is not permeable for nucleotides.

PMID- 3360135
TI  - Generation of high specificity of effect through low-specificity binding of
      proteins to DNA.
AB  - It is proposed that proteins can bind with relatively low-affinity and
      specificity to multiple sites, defined as sequence motifs, on polynucleotide
      chains, and that such binding can collectively be turned into high-affinity, high
      specificity binding through cooperative effects, especially when the sequence
      motifs recur periodically. The selection of individual nucleotides has in general
      been thought to be the condition of the existence and conservation of function in
      most of the noncoding sequences. This condition seems unnecessary. Calculations
      are presented as a step in the direction of giving credibility to a model of
      stable gene repression.

PMID- 3360136
TI  - Effects on electrophoretic mobility and antibacterial spectrum of removal of two
      residues from synthetic sarcotoxin IA and addition of the same residues to
      cecropin B.
AB  - Cecropin B and cecropin IA (sarcotoxin IA) are 35- and 39-residue antibacterial
      peptides from a silk moth and a meat fly, respectively. Using solid phase
      synthesis we have made these peptides as well as two 37-residue analogs, one
      containing a deletion of leucine and lysine (residues 2a and 2b) as compared to
      cecropin IA, the other containing an insertion of leucine and lysine at the
      corresponding place in cecropin B. This addition and removal of a lysine residue
      did not cause the expected change in electrophoretic mobility. When tested for
      antibacterial spectra, the insertion analog was found to be as active as the
      parent compound while the deletion analog had lost most of its antibacterial
      capacity. In addition it was shown that the C-terminal amide contributes to the
      broad spectrum properties of the cecropins.

PMID- 3360138
TI  - Nucleotide and primary sequence of a major rice prolamine.
AB  - A recombinant cDNA clone encoding a major rice seed storage prolamine was
      isolated by antibody screening of a cDNA lambda gt 11 library. This clone
      contained a single open reading frame encoding a putative rice prolamine
      precursor (Mr 17,300). In contrast to other cereal prolamines, the primary
      sequence of the rice prolamine was devoid of any major tandem repetitive
      sequences, a feature prevalent in all cereal prolamines studied to date. No
      significant homology was detected between the rice prolamine and other cereal
      prolamines, indicating that the rice gene evolved from unique ancestral DNA
      segments.

PMID- 3360137
TI  - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase from bovine adrenal medulla contains covalently-bound
      pyrroloquinoline quinone.
AB  - Treatment of homogeneous dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) preparations from bovine
      adrenals with the inhibitor phenylhydrazine (PH) changed the structureless
      absorption spectrum of DBH into spectra with a maximum at 350 nm. A product with
      this absorption spectrum could be detached with pronase, enabling its isolation.
      It appeared to be the C(5) hydrazone of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and PH, as
      judged from its properties and the fact that it could be transformed into PQQ
      itself. From the yield obtained a ratio of 0.85 PQQ per enzyme subunit was
      calculated. In contrast to copper-quinoprotein amine oxidases (EC 1.4.3.6),
      hydrazone formation in DBH did not require saturation of the mixture with O2. DBH
      is the first copper-quinoprotein hydroxylase found so far. The implications of
      this finding for the current views on mechanism of action and inhibition by
      hydrazines are discussed. The success of the recently developed 'hydrazine
      method' [(1987) FEBS Lett. 221, 299-304] for all different types of amine
      oxidoreductases, suggest that the method could also be applied to other enzymes
      for which hydrazines are inhibitors and where the identity of the cofactors has
      not been established or the presence of PQQ is suspected.

PMID- 3360139
TI  - Purification of a phosphoprotein from rat brain closely related to the 80 kDa
      substrate of protein kinase C identified in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.
AB  - A phosphoprotein expressed in rat brain is closely related to the 80 kDa
      substrate of protein kinase C present in 3T3 cells. The protein kinase C
      substrates from both sources migrate identically on two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis and give similar phosphopeptide fragments when digested with
      protease. Using a series of chromatographic steps, including DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography, Sephadex G150 gel filtration and reverse phase fast protein
      liquid chromatography, this phosphoprotein was purified 3800-fold from rat brain.
      The preparation appears homogenous by one- and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, is an effective substrate of protein kinase C and contains a
      high proportion of the acidic amino acids glutamate and aspartate, and of
      alanine.

PMID- 3360141
TI  - Lateral motion of fluorescent molecules embedded into cell membranes of clonal
      myogenic cells, L6, changes upon cell maturation.
AB  - The lateral motion of fluorescent molecules embedded into cell membranes of
      myogenic cell line, L6, was measured. The motion of S-F-ConA became faster at
      cell fusion stage, and became slower after fusion. On the other hand, the motion
      of lipid analog, F18, was not changed at cell fusion stage. However, after fusion
      when myotubes were formed, the motion of F18 became slower. At cell fusion stage,
      there was a large variation in the motion of S-F-ConA. This means that at this
      stage the properties of myoblasts change drastically and rapidly.

PMID- 3360140
TI  - Antithrombin Glasgow, 393 Arg to His: a P1 reactive site variant with increased
      heparin affinity but no thrombin inhibitory activity.
AB  - Antithrombin Glasgow is a hereditary abnormal antithrombin that has lost thrombin
      inhibitory activity. It was isolated from the plasma of a 41-year-old male with a
      history of thrombotic events. Antithrombin Glasgow was purified from plasma using
      heparin-Sepharose chromatography at pH 7.4 eluting with increasing concentrations
      of NaCl. The normal protein eluted with 0.9 mol/l NaCl and Glasgow with 1.05
      mol/l NaCl. Electrophoresis in agarose at pH 8.6 showed the variant to migrate
      more anodally than normal. The C-terminal small fragment resulting from catalytic
      cleavage with elastase between P3 and P4 of the reactive loop was isolated and
      sequenced. This showed the replacement of the arginine at residue 3 by a
      histidine. This is residue 393 in the intact molecule. The findings suggest that
      heparin, on binding, interacts indirectly with the reactive centre region of
      antithrombin.

PMID- 3360142
TI  - Primary structure of protein B from Pseudomonas putida, member of a new class of
      2Fe-2S ferredoxins.
AB  - The primary structure of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin (protein B) from the benzene
      dioxygenase system of Pseudomonas putida strain NCIB 12190 was determined by gas
      phase sequencing of the protein and its fragments. Fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry indicated a molecular mass of 11,860 Da. The sequence contained five
      cysteine residues, four of which would be required to coordinate the iron-sulphur
      cluster. The amino acid sequence determined in the present study is compared to
      that of a protein deduced from the DNA sequence from another strain of
      Pseudomonas putida. Little sequence homology was observed when protein B was
      compared to 2Fe-2S ferredoxins from plant and cyanobacterial sources. The novel
      sequence determined here suggests a new class of ferredoxin, which is consistent
      with the observed mid-point redox potential being significantly less negative (
      155 mV) than those of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxins involved in photosynthesis (-310 to 
      455 mV).

PMID- 3360143
TI  - The site of action of the A-chain of mistletoe lectin I on eukaryotic ribosomes.
      The RNA N-glycosidase activity of the protein.
AB  - The site of action of the A-chain of mistletoe lectin (ML-A) from Viscum album on
      eukaryotic ribosomes was studied. Treatment of rat liver ribosomes with ML-A,
      followed by treatment of the isolated rRNA with aniline, caused the release of a
      fragment with about 450 nucleotides from 28 S rRNA. Further analysis of
      nucleotide sequences of this fragment revealed that the aniline-sensitive site of
      phosphodiester bond was between positions A-4324 and G-4325 in 28 S rRNA. These
      results indicate that ML-A inactivates the ribosomes by cleaving a N-glycosidic
      bond at A-4324 of 28 S rRNA in the ribosomes as ricin A-chain does.

PMID- 3360144
TI  - Protein immobilization on the surface of liposomes via carbodiimide activation in
      the presence of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide.
AB  - A method of the covalent immobilization of proteins on the surface of liposomes,
      containing 10% (by mol) of N-glutaryl phosphatidylethanolamine, is described.
      Carboxylic groups of liposomal N-glutaryl phosphatidylethanolamine were activated
      in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide and
      reacted subsequently with protein amino groups. The liposome-protein conjugates
      formed contained up to 5 x 10(-4) mol protein/mol lipid. Lectins (RCA1 and WGA)
      upon immobilization on liposomes retained saccharide specificity and the ability
      to agglutinate red blood cells. The immobilization of mouse monoclonal IgG in a
      ratio of 3.5 x 10(-4) mol IgG/mol lipid was achieved. The liposome activation in
      the absence of N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide resulted in a 2-fold decrease of protein
      coupling yields.

PMID- 3360146
TI  - Phosphorylation of the 90 kDa heat shock protein in heat shocked HeLa cell
      lysates.
AB  - The 90 kDa heat shock protein (hsp 90) is a major phosphorylated protein under
      normal growth conditions. However, it does not incorporate detectable levels of
      phosphate by incubation of control HeLa cell lysates with [gamma-32P]ATP in
      vitro. In this paper we show that strong phosphorylation of hsp 90 occurs in
      lysates prepared from heat shocked HeLa cells. Possible involvement of the
      eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinase of the heme-controlled repressor of
      translation is discussed.

PMID- 3360145
TI  - Polylysine activates and alters the divalent cation requirements of the insulin
      receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
AB  - Protamine and poly(Lys) activate the protein tyrosine kinase of both the human
      placental insulin receptor and its purified recombinant cytoplasmic domain.
      Spermidine, poly(Arg) (average molecular mass 15 kDa), poly(Glu), Arg or Lys are
      not effective. Activation is stable, reversible, and optimal when the enzyme is
      preincubated with activator, divalent cation and ATP prior to the addition of
      exogenous protein substrates. The most striking feature of the activation is that
      it results in 20-30-fold stimulation of the kinase in the presence of 0.2-0.4 mM
      Mn2+ and induces equivalent activity in the presence of Mg2+ alone (0.4-4.0 mM).
      The activated protein tyrosine kinase has a specific activity (0.25-0.5 mumol/mg
      protein) that approaches that of well characterized protein serine kinases.

PMID- 3360147
TI  - Storage of phosphorylated desmin in a familial myopathy.
AB  - The quantity and the electrophoretic characteristics of desmin were analyzed in a
      familial skeletal muscle disorder, characterized by the intra-sarcoplasmic
      accumulation of an electron-dense granulo-filamentous material facing the Z-lines
      and reacting strongly with polyclonal anti-desmin antibodies. The analysis was
      performed on biopsies from the deltoid muscles of 4 patients, members of 2
      families. In the 4 biopsies, an increase in the relative amount of desmin
      compared to that of actin or insoluble proteins (3 fold) and in the number of
      isovariants (6 instead of 3) was observed. The isovariants of desmin were similar
      to those described in Purkinje fibres of the heart as a phosphorylated form of
      the protein [(1987) Eur. J. Cell Biol. 44, 68-78]. Therefore, post-translational
      events could affect both the polymerization and the amount of desmin filaments in
      this autosomal dominant familial myopathy.

PMID- 3360148
TI  - Base-catalyzed reactivation of glycogen phosphorylase reconstituted with a
      coenzyme-substrate conjugate and its analogues.
AB  - Glycogen phosphorylase reconstituted with pyridoxal (5')diphospho(1)-alpha-D
      glucose (PLDP-Glc) is catalytically inactive but slowly converted to the active
      enzyme through the cleavage of the pyrophosphate linkage. A similar reaction
      occurs more rapidly on PLDP-Gal and -Xyl but not on PLDP-Man. Values of pKa for
      all the reactions are about 8.3, suggesting the participation of a common basic
      residue in these reactions. Based on the present and other results, it is
      presumed that Tyr-573 or Lys-574 acts as the base abstracting the proton from 2
      hydroxyl group of the glucosyl moiety of PLDP-Glc.

PMID- 3360149
TI  - Beta-elimination of phosphate and subsequent addition of pyridoxamine as a method
      for identifying and sequencing peptides containing phosphoseryl residues.
AB  - Peptides containing phosphoseryl residues can be modified by removal of the
      phosphate groups via beta-elimination followed by addition of pyridoxamine to the
      resulting dehydroalanyl residue. Peptides containing the modified residues can be
      detected at nanomole levels by monitoring absorbance at 328 nm or at picomole
      levels by monitoring fluorescence. Photolysis of the modified peptide converts
      the pyridoxamino adduct to a form which can be readily identified after Edman
      degradation.

PMID- 3360150
TI  - Increased calmodulin synthesis in the pre-replicative phase of rat liver
      regeneration.
AB  - A cytosolic calmodulin wave has been described in the pre-replicative phase of
      rat liver regeneration. Here we demonstrate that this calmodulin increase is
      reduced by injection of cycloheximide (translation inhibitor) and actinomycin D
      (transcription inhibitor). In addition, we found that calmodulin mRNA levels are
      increased during the early pre-replicative period of liver regeneration, and this
      increase is affected by actinomycin D. Together, these results strongly indicate
      that the calmodulin wave observed in the pre-replicative phase of liver
      regeneration is due to de novo synthesis of this protein.

PMID- 3360151
TI  - Regional isolation perfusion in melanoma of the limbs; accomplishments, unsolved
      problems, future.

PMID- 3360152
TI  - Amplification and over-expression of the neu oncogene in human breast carcinomas.
AB  - Amplification of the neu (or c-erbB-2 or HER) oncogene is found to be present in
      15-30% of human breast carcinomas and has been reported to correlate with poor
      prognosis. We briefly review the literature on this subject with emphasis on our
      own results on immunohistochemical detection of neu overproduction in paraffin
      embedded tissue sections of human breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3360153
TI  - Why is breast cancer so frequent in The Netherlands?
AB  - The very high incidence rate of breast cancer in The Netherlands, and in other
      Western industrialized countries, has to be explained by promoting environmental
      factors. The possible contributions by hormones and nutrition are reviewed. It is
      concluded that the promotion of breast cancer is likely to occur during breast
      development and several subsequent decades. A hypothesis is discussed which could
      explain how the affluent Western diet, a relative lack of physical activity and
      possibly also an overall increase of stress lead to a greater bio-availability of
      oestrogens at normal plasma concentrations. In this model the decrease of sex
      hormone binding globulin and a change of the binding equilibrium between
      oestrogens and plasma proteins in the presence of free fatty acids are central.
      Intra-abdominal fat accumulation, or frank central obesity, would favour this
      mechanism. Leads to further investigation and preliminary results are presented.

PMID- 3360154
TI  - Evaluation of breast conserving therapy: clinical, methodological and
      psychosocial perspectives.
AB  - Uncontrolled studies suggest that breast conserving therapy can replace radical
      mastectomy in stage I and stage II breast cancer. Results derived from randomized
      trials support this conclusion for stage I patients. Although the data are only
      preliminary, several recent trials also suggest that equivalent results can be
      obtained in stage II disease. Despite these positive findings, caution should be
      applied in interpreting the results of both uncontrolled and controlled studies
      in breast cancer. Issues of concern include variations in the methods of staging
      disease, short follow-up, failure to report locoregional recurrence rates, and
      interinstitutional differences in treatment technique and protocol procedures.
      The introduction of substudies to evaluate the psychosocial and cosmetic results
      of breast conserving therapy add an important dimension to the overall
      interpretation of the results.

PMID- 3360155
TI  - Psychosocial and surgical aspects of breast reconstruction.
AB  - Why are only less than 1% of the mastectomized women in The Netherlands
      reconstructed? We report the results of four studies, among reconstructed
      patients and their partners, among women who had an amputation only and among
      general and plastic surgeons in The Netherlands. In contrast to what is thought
      by (plastic) surgeons, women do not opt in the first place for breast
      reconstruction because of emotional or cosmetic reasons, but to be freed from the
      prosthesis. Surgeons hardly ever take the initiative to inform patients about
      breast reconstruction. Knowledge about breast reconstruction is gained mainly
      from the mass media. Nearly all reconstructed patients are satisfied with the
      results. This is independent of the objective cosmetic results. In our opinion
      amputated women should be informed about breast reconstruction in the same way as
      about the external prostheses. We also reviewed the surgical aspects concerning
      indications, timing and available techniques of breast reconstruction. We
      concluded that the improved surgical procedures make breast reconstruction less
      burdensome for the patients than the older surgical techniques.

PMID- 3360156
TI  - Regional lymph node metastases in patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the
      extremities, what are the therapeutic consequences?
AB  - In the period 1977-1983, 183 adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the
      extremities were treated in the Netherlands Cancer Institute. One hundred and
      seventy-one patients had initially operable tumors. Fifteen patients (8.2%)
      developed regional lymph node metastases (RLNM) during the course of their
      disease. Only two patients (1.2%) developed RLNM as first site of tumor
      recurrence. The incidence of RLNM varied according to the histological subtypes:
      liposarcoma: 1/64, fibrosarcoma: 1/12, tendosynovial sarcoma: 5/24,
      unclassifiable sarcoma: 3/8. The outcome in patients with RLNM was invariably
      fatal. In all cases with RNLM distant metastases were present either at the time
      RLNM were found or shortly afterwards (median 4 months). Based on this experience
      we now consider RLNM in soft tissue sarcoma an expression of systemic tumor
      spread, which should be treated as such. We find no indication for elective lymph
      node dissection as part of the initial treatment of soft tissue sarcoma of any
      histological subtype. Therapeutic lymph node dissection might be indicated as
      part of the palliative management.

PMID- 3360158
TI  - Cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck.
AB  - Seventy patients surgically treated in The Netherlands Cancer Institute between
      1969 and 1984 for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck were reviewed with
      regard to patient data, tumor site, stage, histological criteria, treatment,
      disease-control and survival. The objectives of the study were to analyse the
      results of curative treatment of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck, the
      value of prognostic factors and the treatment policy for the N0 and N+ neck.
      Tumor thickness (Breslow Index) was by far the most important prognostic factor
      in cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck. Other known important factors like
      level of invasion, tumor subsite, stage, tumor type and ulceration provided
      additional information. Elective node dissection is advised in lesions thicker
      than 1.5 mm since N0-N+ transformation is seen in 37% of these patients. Partial
      neck dissection which includes removal of the nodes adjacent to the primary
      provides proper regional control except for primary lesions in the neck that
      require at least a modified neck dissection.

PMID- 3360157
TI  - Regional perfusion treatment with melphalan for melanoma in a limb: an evaluation
      of drug kinetics.
AB  - The time course of tissue levels of melphalan during normothermic isolated limb
      perfusion, and the overall tissue levels per 60 min of perfusion, were estimated
      from the known pharmacokinetic parameters for a fixed dose of drug per liter of
      tissue (Benckhuijsen et al., J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 237: 583-8). The
      application of differing total doses of drug resulted in varying concentrations
      in the perfusate plasma. Above a certain plasma level, uptake into the bulk of
      the tissues did not increase with the area under the plasma concentration vs time
      curve or its beta-phase. Similar tissue levels were found after perfusion of
      regions of less than three and a half liter with 13 mg/l as in regions of 5 to 16
      liter after perfusion with 10 mg of melphalan per liter. It cannot be predicted
      from the available data whether the extent of uptake of melphalan into the tumour
      tissue is equal to or greater than that into the bulk of the tissues. The
      estimated uptake of drug into the tissues confirms the validity of the dose
      calculation per liter of tissue. On the basis of the present results, a refined
      dosimetric formula will be obtainable that includes the desired area under the
      plasma concentration vs time curve as a determinant for an optimal dose.

PMID- 3360159
TI  - Repair of the radiation induced rectovaginal fistulas without or with
      interposition of the bulbocavernosus muscle (Martius procedure).
AB  - Two local repair procedures, one without (9) and the other with (14) a
      bulbocavernosus muscle graft were performed on 20 patients with a radiation
      induced rectovaginal fistula. Four patients had two procedures successively. The
      initial success rate of both procedures was 7/9 and 14/14 respectively. Though
      the initial result of the bulbocavernosus graft was obviously better, in many of
      the local repair procedures, subclinical radiation damage progressed, resulting
      in recurrence of rectovaginal fistula (5), rectovesical fistula (4), pararectal
      abscess (2) etc. After a mean follow up of around 10 years, the success rate of
      fistula repair decreased to 5/9 and 13/14 and only 2/9 and 6/14 finally remained
      without a colostomy. A local repair operation should be restricted to carefully
      selected cases. The musculus gracilis is proposed as a better vascular graft. If
      the general condition of the patient does not allow more aggressive
      reconstructive procedures, fistula repair is better cancelled because there is a
      high risk of subsequent radiation damage.

PMID- 3360160
TI  - Surgical repair of radiation damage of the rectum: a systematic approach to a
      difficult problem.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with serious irradiation damage of the rectum underwent
      surgical treatment. Patients were classified according to the level of the lesion
      and the presence of stenosis. Patients with high lesions (Type I) (n = 5), were
      treated by resection with end to end anastomosis. Patients with low lesions, with
      stenosis (Type II) (n = 6), were treated by resection with descending colon flap
      repair. Patients with low lesions, without stenosis (Type III) (n = 7) were
      treated by gracilis muscle repair. The remaining patients (n = 5) with
      miscellaneous, often complex problems (Type IV) were treated by a variety of
      techniques. Results in Type I, II, and III patients were encouraging with 80% of
      the reconstructed patients obtaining normal faecal continence.

PMID- 3360161
TI  - Low stage invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage I-IIA morphological
      prognostic factors.
AB  - Histological material was reviewed from the 213 patients who had undergone
      radical surgery for carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage I and IIA between 1967
      and 1981. Squamous carcinoma was found in 179 patients (84.7%). In 39 patients
      (18%) there were lymph node metastases and in nine (4.2%) tumor spread into the
      parametrium. Vaso-invasion was present in 49 patients (22%). Prognostic factors
      were studied by Cox's regression analysis. Lymph node metastases and vaso
      invasion were both found to be significantly related to survival rate (P = 0.0001
      and P = 0.0008). Stage, cell type, differentiation and invasion depth were of no
      prognostic importance.

PMID- 3360162
TI  - Sapphire probe laser surgery for localized carcinoma of the penis.
AB  - Cancer of the penis is an uncommon disease in the western world, but it causes
      significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Discussions have tended to centre
      around issues of local tumor control and the functional status of the penis after
      treatment. Since November 1982 we have treated localized squamous cell penile
      cancer (Tis, T1 and T2, Classification UICC, Geneva 1978) with the Nd-YAG laser.
      Sixteen patients (3Tis, 5T1 and 8T2 tumors) are included in this study with a
      follow-up of 4 to 36 months (mean 17 months). Eight out of 16 patients were
      treated with the sapphire probe exclusively, the other eight patients by scalpel
      excision followed by laser irradiation. No recurrent tumor was observed in 13
      patients, one patient developed a recurrence at a non-treated part of the glans
      penis after 14 months, one patient showed Tis after 5 months near the treated
      side and in one patient an incomplete laser resection was followed by partial
      penectomy after 1 month. Sapphire probe laser excision is a safe procedure
      leading to a good cosmetic aspect with maintenance of the functional integrity of
      the penis.

PMID- 3360163
TI  - Perineal pain: a case report.
AB  - Perineal pain caused by cancer in the pelvic region is difficult to manage.
      Systemic narcotics often provide incomplete relief. A patient with perineal pain
      due to recurrence of a rectal carcinoma successfully treated with repeated
      intrathecal neurolytic blocks is described.

PMID- 3360164
TI  - Surgery in advanced ovarian carcinoma: is there proof to show the benefit?
AB  - In advanced ovarian carcinoma one of the major prognostic factors for obtaining a
      pathologically proven complete response and prolonged disease free survival is
      the amount of tumour at the start of chemotherapy. Therefore, cytoreductive
      surgery is generally considered mandatory to maximize the chance for cure.
      However, it has never been proven that the better prognosis is a function of the
      procedure itself. The available evidence suggests that not everybody benefits
      optimally from this approach. For this reason a prospective randomized trial is
      needed to evaluate its real value. Second-look operations to determine the
      outcome of first line treatment in patients clinically free of disease, have not
      proven to be of value in terms of survival. Their use should therefore be
      restricted to a clinical research setting. The value of a second attempt to
      achieve optimal cytoreduction in patients with palpable disease after first-line
      cisplatin based chemotherapy has not yet been fully established. It is important
      that new surgical approaches should also, like new drugs already are, be tested
      prospectively in a randomized way before they are accepted in daily practice.

PMID- 3360165
TI  - Infertility and the world outside.

PMID- 3360166
TI  - New insights on the mode of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices in
      women.
AB  - To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action of intrauterine devices
      (IUDs), a search was made for ova in the genital tracts of 115 women using no
      contraception and of 56 women using IUDs, all of whom volunteered for study in
      conjunction with surgical sterilization. Ova were recovered from tubal flushings
      between 48 and 120 hours after the midcycle peak of luteinizing hormone in 39% of
      the IUD users compared with 56% of women in the control group (0.05 less than P
      less than 0.10). This suggests an action of the IUD before the ovum reaches the
      uterus. Eggs with a microscopic appearance consistent with fertilization were
      recovered from the fallopian tubes of half of the women using no contraception
      who had intercourse within the fertile period of the reproductive cycle and from
      whom ova were recovered. In contrast (P less than 0.01), no eggs with this
      appearance were recovered in IUD users who had intercourse within the fertile
      period. No ova were recovered from the body of the uterus of any of the IUD
      users. Fertilized ova are less likely to reach the uterine cavity containing an
      IUD. Thus, the principal mode of IUDs is by a method other than destruction of
      live embryos.

PMID- 3360167
TI  - Detection of balanced chromosome rearrangements in 445 couples with repeated
      abortion and cytogenetic prenatal testing in carriers.
AB  - Cytogenetic studies were performed in 445 couples presenting because of
      repetitive abortion. The authors detected a balanced translocation in 19 (4.2%)
      of the couples, pericentric inversions in 8 (1.8%), and polymorphisms in 52
      (11.4%). The results were compared with those obtained in a series of 600
      consecutive normal liveborns. Significantly higher frequencies for translocations
      and polymorphisms were present in couples with repetitive abortion. No sex
      predominance in translocation carriers was observed, and reciprocal
      translocations were more common (16 of 19) than the robertsonian type (3 of 19).
      Contrary to other reports, all of the translocations and inversions were detected
      among couples without previous abnormal offspring. Cytogenetic prenatal testing
      in 17 pregnancies from a carrier parent showed that none of the fetuses had the
      unbalanced karyotype, 13 carried the balanced rearrangement, and 4 had a normal
      karyotype. Although a risk profile can be obtained for these couples, prenatal
      testing must be offered to avoid anxiety and unjustified pregnancy interruptions.

PMID- 3360168
TI  - Breast-feeding and the return to ovulation in Durango, Mexico.
AB  - Twenty-nine breast-feeding mothers and 10 non-breast-feeding postpartum
      comparison mothers from a rural area of Mexico were followed longitudinally until
      ovulation resumed. A simple set of guidelines is described involving three
      obvious milestones for the breast-feeding mother to safely use the natural
      contraceptive benefit of breast-feeding. Those milestones are: the first vaginal
      bleeding episode, the initiation of supplementation, and the child's monthly
      birthday. In the absence of bleeding and supplementation, 100% of breast-feeding
      mothers remained anovular for 3 months postpartum, 96% for 4 months, 96% for 5
      months, and 96% for 6 months. This suggests that, if a mother understands these
      three conditions, she can use breast-feeding alone as effectively as modern
      family planning methods for the prevention of pregnancy.

PMID- 3360169
TI  - Pregnancies after replacement of frozen-thawed embryos in a donation program.
AB  - Eighteen patients with primary (n = 8) or secondary (n = 10) ovarian failure were
      enrolled in a donation program. In 15 cases, the oocytes were donated
      anonymously; in 3 cases, they were donated by the sister of the recipient. All
      the recipients had cyclic steroid replacement therapy that included estrogens and
      progesterone administered by the transdermal and tranvaginal routes,
      respectively. The embryos obtained were cryopreserved and replaced with no
      attempt at synchronization between donor and recipient. Steroid hormonal patterns
      were within the range for the normal menstrual cycle and endometrial biopsies
      taken on day 21 or 22 of the treatment cycles were independently assessed as
      being representative of day 21 +/- 2. Four of 12 transfers were successful (31%):
      1 patient aborted at 6 weeks, and the three others were delivered, one normally
      and two by cesarian sections. The authors' practice suggests the following: (1)
      steroid supplementation by transdermal and transvaginal routes is effective, (2)
      synchronization between donor and recipient is no longer required with the use of
      frozen-thawed embryos, and (3) the "temporal window" is large since all the
      replacements were done on day 14 of the cycle.

PMID- 3360170
TI  - Ultrarapid freezing of early cleavage stage human embryos and eight-cell mouse
      embryos.
AB  - Early cleavage stage human embryos and 8-cell mouse embryos were snap-frozen
      after a brief exposure to high concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 2 or
      3.5 M) and 0.25 M sucrose and thawed in a warm water bath. Eleven of 12 3- to 8
      cell human embryos survived freezing and thawing with more than 50% of their
      original blastomeres intact. However, pregnancy was not initiated when the 11
      embryos were transferred to six patients. It was shown that continuation of
      embryonic development in vitro and in vivo was significantly better when 8-cell
      mouse embryos were snap-frozen in 3.5 M DMSO than in 2 M DMSO. When frozen in 3.5
      M DMSO, 78% of 8-cell embryos survived on thawing, 84% developed to blastocysts
      in vitro, 63% implanted, and 42% developed to fetuses. Ultrarapid freezing is a
      quick and inexpensive method for mouse embryo cryobanking, but further studies
      are required to confirm the viability of frozen human embryos.

PMID- 3360171
TI  - Prognostic value of morphologic characteristics of cryopreserved embryos: a study
      using videocinematography.
AB  - Fifty embryos, previously frozen at the zygote or 2- to 4-cell stage, were
      studied. Observers, who were unaware of the occurrence of pregnancy, assessed the
      morphologic features of these embryos by retrospectively analyzing
      videocinematographic recordings that were made shortly before replacement. Seven
      of 26 zygotes and 4 of 24 cleaved embryos implanted, with the incidence of
      implantation being analyzed in relation to 12 morphologic characteristics. Smooth
      surface of the blastomere's membranes was a statistically significant predictor
      of implantation for frozen-cleaved embryos, and variable zona pellucida thickness
      was the only parameter with predictive value for frozen zygotes. A highly
      significant difference was found between the implanting capacity of previously
      frozen-cleaved embryos and the number of abnormal morphologic characteristics.
      Three quarters of the thawed embryos had at least two abnormal characteristics,
      indicating that cryodamage was high. Major advantages of videocinematography are
      the absence of time constraints associated with observing live embryos, the
      ability to observe new morphologic parameters by freeze-frame and slow motion,
      and the permanent storage of embryonic data for quality control evaluation.

PMID- 3360172
TI  - A preclinical evaluation of pronuclear formation by microinjection of human
      spermatozoa into human oocytes.
AB  - In vitro fertilization (IVF) is recognized as an accepted treatment for male
      infertility. However, the fertilization rate is significantly lower than the
      fertilization rate of other IVF patient groups. Some male factor infertility
      patients still have a basic semen quality too poor for treatment by IVF.
      Microinjection of a spermatozoon directly into ooplasm has been recommended to
      assist fertilization in this subfertile population. This study found that oocytes
      from 5 of 11 patients microinjected with human spermatozoa demonstrated
      successful pronuclear formation and correlated with the incidence of pregnancy in
      these patients transferred with same-source oocytes inseminated by standard
      protocols. This initial evidence promotes the supposition of clinical feasibility
      of assisted fertilization by sperm microinjection.

PMID- 3360173
TI  - A comparison of dosages of norethisterone for synchronization of cycles in a
      fixed regimen of follicular augmentation and in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Twenty-four patients undergoing elective laparoscopic sterilization were
      randomized in a fixed schedule of follicular augmentation, oocyte recovery, and
      in vitro fertilization (IVF) using either 2.5 or 10 mg of norethisterone (NE) in
      the luteal phase of the previous cycle. The objectives of the study were to
      determine the effect of a synthetic progestin, given for 5 to 14 days beginning
      on day 21 of the cycle before the IVF cycle, on folliculogenesis, estrogen
      secretion, the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, luteal function, and IVF success.
      It was found that this treatment was easy to administer and well tolerated by
      patients. At the 10-mg dose, patients uniformly had vaginal bleeding 2 to 4 days
      after NE, whereas 40% of patients using the 2.5-mg dose bled before NE was
      discontinued. Significantly lower estrone glucuronide excretion in the early
      follicular phase and lower luteal phase pregnanediol excretion in patients
      receiving 10 mg NE suggested a delay or reduction of developing follicles after
      luteal phase suppression. No spontaneous LH surges were found in the 10-mg group,
      compared with surges in 5 of the 13 cycles of the 2.5-mg group. There were no
      differences between regimens in cycle or luteal phase length. It is postulated
      that NE, by suppressing folliculogenesis in the luteal phase, may provide for a
      smaller, but more homogenous cohort of follicles available for exogenous
      stimulation and recovery.

PMID- 3360174
TI  - The value of in vitro fertilization for the treatment of unexplained infertility.
AB  - In 54 patients referred with the diagnosis of unexplained infertility (UI), the
      diagnosis was confirmed in 26 (strict UI) (48%). Minimal abnormalities (MA) were
      found in 19 (35%); 9 (17%) had gross abnormalities and were excluded from
      analysis. Fifty patients with tubal infertility were randomly assigned to form a
      control group. Mean age and type of stimulation did not differ in the two groups.
      Peak follicular estradiol (E2) and terminal follicular E2 patterns were
      comparable. There was no difference in the mean number of oocytes retrieved per
      cycle. However, the control group had significantly more preovulatory oocytes:
      3.6 +/- 2.0 standard deviations versus 2.8 +/- 2.1 in the overall UI group
      (strict UI + MA groups) and 2.7 +/- 2.2 in the strict UI group. Significantly
      more fertilized oocytes per cycle were obtained in the control group (P less than
      0.05). The per-cycle and per-embryo transfer (ET) pregnancy rates were 32.4 and
      37.3% in the overall UI group and 24 and 24.5% in the control group. The
      miscarriage rate was 12% in the strict UI group, 22% in the overall UI group, and
      25% in the control group. It is concluded that patients with UI constitute a
      favorable group for in vitro fertilization and ET.

PMID- 3360175
TI  - The relative chance of pregnancy following tubal or uterine transfer procedures.
AB  - In a 7-month study period, a total of 113 pregnancies were generated in 380 women
      (30%) undergoing transfers in one of four assisted conception procedures: gamete
      intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), pronuclear stage tubal transfer (PROST), tubal
      embryo stage transfer (TEST), and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF
      ET). It was shown that both the pregnancy rate per transfer procedure and the
      number of pregnancy sacs arising per embryo transferred were significantly higher
      among the groups having tubal transfer (P less than 0.001). There were no
      significant differences in the pregnancy or implantation rates among the three
      groups having tubal transfer procedures when the GIFT results were adjusted for a
      72% fertilization rate noted in the combined IVF-ET and PROST groups. Early
      pregnancy wastage showed a similar pattern among the four groups and, overall,
      67% of pregnancies advanced beyond 20 weeks.

PMID- 3360176
TI  - Estradiol and male fertility.
AB  - Serum estradiol (E2) levels were measured in 451 men attending an infertility
      clinic and 80 fertile men attending for vasectomy. The normal range of E2 levels
      found in fertile men was 70 to 200 pmol/l. Subfertile men had lower mean E2
      levels than fertile men (P less than 0.05), but there was no relationship to
      obesity, cigarette smoking, age, or the male infertility diagnostic category. E2
      levels in the subfertile group gave no prognostic information concerning future
      fertility. The authors conclude that E2 measurements in male patients are not
      useful in clinical infertility practice.

PMID- 3360177
TI  - Evaluation of semen parameters by means of automated sperm motion analyzers.
AB  - Fresh semen specimens from 46 patients and donors were evaluated for
      concentration, motility, velocity, and linearity using two different commercially
      available computerized sperm motion analyzer systems. Although no significant
      differences in measurement of concentration or motility were observed,
      significant differences in velocity and linearity were recorded. Fourteen
      cryopreserved/thawed samples were assessed with the same set-up parameters as
      fresh specimens. When discrepancies between manual and computer counts were
      noted, the authors changed the set-up parameters and evaluated 33 additional
      specimens. Again, no differences in concentration and motility, but significant
      differences in velocity and linearity were observed. Interlaboratory results must
      be correlated and standardization of set-up parameters of various analyzers is
      essential.

PMID- 3360178
TI  - Comparison of computerized semen analysis with the conventional procedure in 322
      patients.
AB  - To compare the results of computerized image analysis for semen evaluation with
      classical semen analysis, semen samples from 322 consecutive patients attending
      our infertility clinic were studied. In men with sperm concentrations less than
      20 X 10(6)/ml, major discrepancies existed between both methods for sperm
      concentration. In many instances, debris could not be distinguished from normal
      sperm by the computerized system. This caused an overestimation of sperm
      concentration and led to a reduction of motility estimates. As a consequence,
      frequency distribution of motility, expressed as the percentage of motile sperm,
      differed to a major extent in both systems.

PMID- 3360179
TI  - Relationship of heparin binding with computer-analyzed physical traits of human
      sperm.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether heparin affinity or the
      concentration of binding sites was related to sperm traits analyzed by a routine
      computerized semen analysis in human males requesting infertility evaluations.
      Saturation of heparin binding sites on sperm was achieved in 36 of 50 samples
      analyzed so that accurate estimates of dissociation constants (Kd) and binding
      site concentrations could be made. A broad range in Kds (18.2 to 284.5
      nM/micrograms deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA]) and binding site concentrations (2.70
      to 44.77 nM/micrograms DNA) was found. The binding affinity of sperm for heparin
      was significantly correlated with concentrations of cells in the ejaculate (r =
      0.56), concentrations of motile sperm (r = 0.51), percentage of motile sperm (r =
      0.33), and total numbers of ejaculated sperm (r = 0.37). The concentration of
      heparin binding sites also was correlated with concentration of cells in the
      ejaculate (r = 0.60), concentration of motile sperm (r = 0.50), percentage of
      motile sperm (r = 0.40), and total number of ejaculated sperm (r = 0.49).

PMID- 3360180
TI  - A factor in human seminal plasma which affects carnitine accumulation in bovine
      epididymal sperm.
AB  - This study was initiated to determine whether factors are present in human sperm
      free seminal plasma (HSP) that regulate the uptake and release of carnitine from
      sperm. Bovine caput epididymal sperm cells accumulated more carnitine than caudal
      sperm cells. A significant reduction in carnitine uptake by caput sperm was
      observed in the presence of HSP from normal subjects, but not from three subjects
      with reduced motility. A factor has been isolated from HSP that inhibits
      carnitine uptake by caput sperm and has the following properties: it is
      nondialyzable, stable to freeze-thawing, soluble in 60% ammonium sulfate, and has
      an approximate molecular weight of 158 kd. These data are consistent with the
      existence of a relatively high molecular weight protein in HSP responsible for
      the preservation of carnitine concentrations in sperm.

PMID- 3360181
TI  - Deterioration of semen quality during summer in New Orleans.
AB  - A retrospective investigation of semen quality was undertaken at a fertility
      clinic in New Orleans. Semen specimens obtained during the summer had
      significantly lower sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate, percent
      motile sperm, and motile sperm concentration than samples provided at other times
      of year. Substantial summer deterioration in semen quality was likely to occur
      only among men whose work places were probably not air-conditioned. These
      findings suggest that the deleterious effects of summer heat on spermatogenic
      cells or on epididymal spermatozoa may reduce male fertility and account, at
      least partially, for the deficit of spring births in warm climates throughout the
      world.

PMID- 3360182
TI  - Chromosome analysis of two-cell mouse embryos frozen by slow and ultrarapid
      methods using two different cryoprotectants.
AB  - Three freezing methods (slow-1,2 propanediol; ultrarapid-dimethyl sulphoxide;
      ultrarapid-1,2 propanediol) were used to assess the effects of low temperature
      storage on morphologic features and chromosome make-up of 2-cell mouse embryos.
      Weekly batches (15 weeks) of 2-cell mouse embryos were frozen for a period of 7
      days using these three freezing methods, then thawed and subjected to chromosome
      analysis. After thawing, all three freezing regimens yielded 70.2% to 75.8% of
      healthy intact 2-cell embryos, and 5.5% to 8.1% of embryos with one healthy
      blastomere intact, respectively, out of 817 embryos examined. Chromosome analysis
      was possible in all 1- and 2-cell embryos. The incidence of aneuploidy and
      polyploidy in frozen-thawed embryos of all three methods (2.8% to 3.4%; 4.0% to
      6.5%) was not significantly different from that of control unfrozen embryos
      (3.0%; 6.0%) (P greater than 0.01). Mitotic crossing over was observed in 3.5% of
      embryos frozen-thawed by the ultrarapid-dimethyl sulphoxide method only. It is
      not clear how the mitotic crossing over was induced by ultrarapid freezing in the
      presence of dimethyl sulphoxide.

PMID- 3360183
TI  - Fertility with deletion Xq25: report of three cases; possible exceptions for
      critical region hypothesis.
AB  - We report on an Arab family in which a mother and two of her daughters, despite
      having deletion Xq25, are fertile. So far, only one case of deletion Xq25
      associated with fertility has been reported. Consistent inactivation of the
      deleted X chromosome in the proposita and early menopause in the mother were
      noted. The effect of Xq deletion on fertility and the CRH is discussed.

PMID- 3360184
TI  - Sperm recuperation and cervical insemination in retrograde ejaculation.
AB  - Seven infertile patients with retrograde ejaculation, in which spermatozoa could
      be recuperated from the postejaculation urine, were admitted to a sperm
      recuperation and cervical insemination program. A noninvasive method for sperm
      recuperation based on urine alcalinization and serial controls to time
      masturbation has been used. Insemination has been timed according to BBT charts
      and cervical mucus characteristics. Pregnancy has been obtained in the seven
      couples after one to eight treatment cycles.

PMID- 3360185
TI  - Concentrations of estradiol in serum and testis tissue in patients with fertility
      disorders.

PMID- 3360186
TI  - Immune response in DES-exposed women.

PMID- 3360187
TI  - Sperm penetration assay as an indicator for IVF.

PMID- 3360189
TI  - Unitary person assessment tool: easing problems with nursing diagnoses.

PMID- 3360188
TI  - Re-evaluating the role of progestogen therapy after the menopause.
AB  - An estrogen-progestogen regimen of hormone replacement therapy has become widely
      used in recent years, primarily as a means to protect the endometrium from the
      carcinogenic effects of unopposed estrogen therapy (ERT). In this article, we
      evaluate the probable effects of this regimen on mortality from endometrial
      cancer as well as mortality from other chronic diseases. We conclude from this
      analysis that ERT is to be preferred to combination therapy for postmenopausal
      women without a uterus, primarily because it is predicted that ERT confers a
      significantly greater benefit on heart disease risk. In women with a uterus, if
      progestogens are to be prescribed, they should be given in the lowest possible
      dose needed to achieve the desired histologic changes in the endometrium, since
      the predicted loss in heart disease benefit from adding the progestogen is
      substantial.

PMID- 3360190
TI  - Quality assurance can be more than just an exercise on paper.

PMID- 3360191
TI  - Supporting the parents when the child requires intensive care.

PMID- 3360192
TI  - Patient perceptions of the mechanical ventilation experience.

PMID- 3360193
TI  - Reading pulmonary artery wedge pressure at end-expiration.

PMID- 3360194
TI  - Flexible visiting hours in the adult critical care unit.

PMID- 3360195
TI  - Undergraduates need critical care, too.

PMID- 3360196
TI  - Communication issues: a potential source of liability for nurses.

PMID- 3360197
TI  - Resistance of KP and CBA mice to cadmium chloride assessed on the basis of the
      bone marrow stromal cell growth in vitro.
AB  - Using a culture of bone marrow stromal cells, resistance of two inbred mice
      strains, KP and CBA, to cadmium chloride was assessed. Mice were administered
      with a single dose of CdCl2 (12 mumoles (kg b. wt) and bone marrow cells were
      examined after 7 days of culture. In KP strain, a decrease in the number of
      fibroblasts and proliferation of adipocytes was observed, as compared with
      control animals. In CBA strain, cadmium did not influence the number of
      fibroblasts and caused only an insignificant increase in the amount of
      adipocytes. Red blood cell count, hematocrit and Fe2+ level were unchanged both
      strains after cadmium administration. The observed differences in populations of
      cultured stromal cells confirmed the sensitivity of the KP mice to cadmium and
      indicated that the stromal cells can be regarded as useful indicator of cadmium
      intoxication.

PMID- 3360198
TI  - Structural and microanalytical changes in dentition after radiotherapy applied in
      cases of tumour in the oral cavity region.
AB  - Morphological observations by means of the scanning electron and optical
      microscopes as well as microanalytical qualitative and quantitative tests
      concerning content and distribution of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the
      teeth being in irradiation field were made in patients treated for larynx cancer
      by methods of radiotherapy. The teeth enamel was in some places thinner and in
      some others it was lacking. The characteristic defects took place in the form of
      notches, cracks and of superficial destruction. In X-ray microanalyser the enamel
      showed some features of demineralization. In dentine, features of
      demineralization and on the other hand features of remineralization were seen.
      The root dentin, in which destructive processes but also reparation processes
      developed by root cement could be seen, was rather characteristic. Clear
      structural changes and disturbances of mineralization in hard tooth tissues being
      under therapeutic X-ray irradiation were observed.

PMID- 3360199
TI  - Ultrastructural examinations of the zone function of the rat pineal gland in
      terms of mitochondrial bioenergetics.
AB  - Membrane-membrane relations in the pineal gland were analysed. It was found that
      neighbouring pinealocytes may be in different mitochondrial configurational
      states. The pinealocytes lying next to the same glial cell and around nerve
      endings are in one metabolic state. Close to blood vessels this uniformity
      occurred when the perivascular space was surrounded by one glial cell.

PMID- 3360200
TI  - Development of the tracheal epithelium in the rat's extra-fetal life at the
      scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 3360201
TI  - The lung growth of the rat in the extra-fetal period at the scanning electron
      microscope. I. Respiratory epithelium.

PMID- 3360202
TI  - A method for the investigation of free and protein-bound N-nitrosoproline in
      beer.
AB  - Hydrolysis of beer peptides and proteins by both mild enzymatic and vigorous
      alkaline conditions has established that peptide-bound N-nitrosoproline residues
      are not present in beer in significant quantities. Free N-nitrosoproline remains
      the single most abundant identified N-nitroso compound, and this accounts for up
      to 10% of the apparent total N-nitroso compounds (ATNC). Both hydrolysis and
      extractability studies strongly indicate that the majority of the ATNC are not
      associated with beer peptides, but rather are likely to be low molecular weight
      possessing in some cases an acidic functional group.

PMID- 3360203
TI  - A comparison of three bioassay techniques and high performance liquid
      chromatography for the detection of chlortetracycline residues in swine tissues.
AB  - Three bioassay procedures used for the detection of chlortetracycline (CTC)
      residues in tissues from swine were compared with high performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis. Procedures were tested on incurred tissues from 3
      groups of 4 pigs each treated as follows: group B, 110 mg CTC/kg diet for 28
      days; group C, 220 mg CTC/kg diet for 28 days; group D, 220 mg CTC/kg diet for 21
      days, followed by 7 days without CTC in the ration. A fourth group (A) of 4 pigs
      were fed the same basal ration as the other 3 groups without added CTC. All
      tissue samples from all groups tested negative by the swab test on premises
      (STOP) used at slaughter plants and by a laboratory microbial inhibitor test
      (MIT). A thin-layer chromatography-bioautography (TLB) procedure currently used
      for STOP confirmations detected CTC residues in the liver of 1 pig from group B
      and 2 pigs from groups C, as well as in kidneys of 3 pigs from group B. All
      tissues from groups B and C, with the exception of one liver from group B,
      contained detectable CTC residues using HPLC analysis, as did one kidney from
      group D. The control tissues (group A) were free of residues. The results
      indicated that the TLB procedure is more sensitive for the detection of CTC
      residues than the STOP or the MIT procedures, and that the STOP procedure is
      unable to detect levels of CTC in the range of 0.1 to 1.4 mu/g in livers and
      kidneys from swine tested at slaughter.

PMID- 3360204
TI  - Report of illnesses caused by aldicarb-contaminated cucumbers.
AB  - During May and June of 1985 the Health Protection Branch and several other
      agencies were involved in the investigation of over 300 reports of illness
      reported in the Vancouver area of British Columbia, Canada. Symptoms reported
      included nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscle fasciculation and blurred vision. A
      review of the onset of symptoms and food consumed suggested that at least 140
      people had become ill from eating cucumbers adulterated with a carbamate
      pesticide. The presence of residues of aldicarb in cucumbers from one particular
      producer was confirmed by laboratory analysis.

PMID- 3360205
TI  - Aluminium content of foods and diets.
AB  - Literature data on the aluminium content of individual foods have been compiled,
      summarized and presented by food groups. The contribution of aluminium from food
      preparation and cooking utensils and from food additives is discussed. Literature
      data on the daily intake of aluminium are summarized, and the contribution of
      food groups to daily aluminium intake is estimated. The major sources of dietary
      aluminium include several with aluminium additives (grain products, processed
      cheese and salt) and several that are naturally high in aluminium (tea, herbs and
      spices). The aluminium that may migrate from aluminium utensils is probably not a
      major or consistent source of this element. Daily intakes of aluminium, as
      reported prior to 1980, were 18-36 mg per day. More recent data, which are
      probably more accurate, indicate intakes of 9 mg per day for teenage and adult
      females and 12-14 mg per day for teenage and adult males.

PMID- 3360206
TI  - Identification of latent tissue kallikrein, prolactin and growth hormone
      secretion in GH3 pituitary cells using modified radioimmunoassays.
AB  - Our studies demonstrate that rat anterior pituitary cells (GH3) are capable of
      synthesizing and secreting tissue kallikrein together with prolactin and growth
      hormone. The secretion of prolactin and growth hormone in GH3 cells was measured
      by two newly developed sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIA), using the polyethylene
      glycol separation technique. In the direct radioimmunoassay for rat tissue
      kallikrein, using a polyclonal antiserum which recognizes both active and
      prokallikrein, the GH3 kallikrein displays parallelism with standard curves of
      rat urinary kallikrein. The production of immunoreactive kallikrein, prolactin,
      and growth hormone is time-dependent, and the levels after a 72 h incubation in
      serum-free media are approximately 12.2 +/- 4.4 ng, 272.2 +/- 33.0 ng, and 475.6
      +/- 4.8 ng per 10(6) cells per ml (mean +/- SD, n = 3), respectively. In Western
      blot analyses, a specific monoclonal antibody to tissue kallikrein (V4D11)
      identifies GH3-secreted kallikrein as a approximately 39,000 Da protein, slightly
      larger than approximately 38,000 Da kallikreins of submandibular gland, mouse
      anterior pituitary cells (AtT 20) or rodent neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells
      (NG108). Kallikrein mRNA in GH3 cells was identified in Northern blot analyses,
      using a tissue kallikrein cDNA probe. In a RIA using a kallikrein monoclonal
      antibody (V1C3) recognizing only active kallikrein, kallikrein could not be
      detected in the media incubated up to 48 h with GH3 cells. However, after trypsin
      treatment, a time-dependent increase of immunoreactive kallikrein (using
      monoclonal antibody V1C3), Tos-Arg-OMe esterase, and kinin-releasing activities
      can be measured in the conditioned media. The activated esterase activity was
      inhibited by aprotinin and by affinity-purified kallikrein monoclonal antibody
      (V4D11) in a dose-dependent manner. The data indicated that rat anterior
      pituitary GH3 cells secrete latent tissue kallikrein, which can be converted to
      active kallikrein by trypsin. These hormonally responsive cells co-synthesize
      kallikrein with prolactin and growth hormone and provide a model system for
      studying the regulation of kallikrein gene expression.

PMID- 3360207
TI  - The kinetics of disappearance of endogenous mouse placental lactogen-II in intact
      and hypophysectomized pregnant mice.
AB  - The kinetics of disappearance of endogenous mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II)
      were determined in day 12 and day 16 pregnant Swiss Webster mice and in day 16
      pregnant mice that had been hypophysectomized (hypox) on day 12. Blood samples
      from anesthetized animals were taken at different time intervals after bilateral
      hysterectomy and the maternal serum mPL-II concentration was measured by
      homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA). Disappearance curves of mPL-II for day 12 and
      day 16 pregnant mice were resolved into two exponential components: a rapid phase
      of disappearance, followed by a slow phase. Although the serum mPL-II
      concentration was higher on day 16 of pregnancy than on day 12, the alpha rate
      constant for the fast component of the disappearance curve for day 12 pregnant
      mice (0.054 +/- 0.005 ml/s) was similar to the value observed for day 16 animals
      (0.052 +/- 0.005 ml/s). The half-life of the fast component of the disappearance
      curve for day 12 and day 16 pregnant mice was 13.3 +/- 0.9 s and 14.8 +/- 1.5 s,
      respectively. The slow component of the disappearance curves for day 12 and day
      16 pregnant mice had a beta rate constant of 0.00088 +/- 0.00017 ml/s and 0.00083
      +/- 0.00009 ml/s, respectively. The half-life of the slow phase of the
      disappearance curves for day 12 pregnant mice was 1216.4 +/- 376.0 s, while the
      slow phase of day 16 disappearance curves displayed a half-life of 954.4 +/-
      102.7 s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360208
TI  - Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I accelerate PMSG-induced
      differentiation of granulosa cells.
AB  - To investigate the nature of the interactions between growth hormone (GH),
      insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
      their temporal and dose-related effects on steroidogenesis were studied in
      granulosa cells from stilboestrol-treated immature rats, stimulated in vitro with
      pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or FSH. GH in the presence of PMSG
      enhanced aromatase activity and progesterone synthesis above that induced by
      maximally stimulating doses of PMSG alone, and accelerated PMSG-induced peak
      levels for both progesterone and aromatase activity. IGF-I also enhanced PMSG
      induced aromatase activity and progesterone production, and accelerated their
      peak responses in a similar fashion to the effects observed for GH. The
      stimulatory actions of IGF-I could still be observed after the removal of FSH
      from the cultures, and appeared to be partly independent of cAMP. It is concluded
      that both GH and IGF-I act on FSH-induced granulosa cells to accelerate the
      differentiation of the follicular cell to a lutein cell.

PMID- 3360209
TI  - Normal and diabetic malic enzyme: a biochemical comparison.
AB  - The ability of insulin to influence the specific activity of hepatic malic enzyme
      was examined by comparing the biochemical properties of hepatic malic enzyme
      isolated from normal and diabetic rats. Even though these two enzyme species
      possess very different specific activities, they appeared biochemically identical
      upon two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, and in mixing
      experiments. The only major difference observed for the two enzyme molecules was
      in their respective Km and Vmax apparent values. These results appeared to
      indicate that the two enzyme molecules were structurally identical but
      functionally different. Suggestive evidence showed that this functional
      difference was the result of substrate inhibition of the diabetic malic enzyme
      molecule.

PMID- 3360210
TI  - Altered proteoglycan synthesis disrupts feather pattern formation in chick
      embryonic skin.
AB  - We have tested the role of proteoglycans in the development of feather pattern by
      culturing 7-day-old embryonic chick skins on medium containing para-nitrophenyl
      beta-D-xyloside (2 mM). Xylosides compete with core proteins of proteoglycans by
      acting as exogenous acceptors for the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans leading to
      the synthesis of under- or unglycosylated core proteins and free
      glycosaminoglycans. We have demonstrated that xyloside treatment alters the
      structure of the proteoglycans synthesized by embryonic skin and disrupts the
      feather pattern. The altered pattern is seen as the fusion of individual feather
      rudiments. Fusion can occur diagonally, and in an anteroposterior and
      mediolateral direction. The effect induced by the disruption of proteoglycan
      structure takes place during the first 24 hr of culture during which time all the
      rows of feather rudiments are being established. The effect is reversible if the
      skins are returned to control medium after 24 hr but not after 48 hr of treatment
      with xyloside. Once established during the first 24 hr the feather pattern can
      only be slightly distorted by the xyloside treatment. The results are interpreted
      to mean that proteoglycans play a developmental role in the establishment of the
      feather pattern but not in its maintenance, suggesting that the two processes are
      under different developmental control. The altered feather pattern obtained by
      disrupting proteoglycan structure is highly similar to that obtained when skins
      are cultured in the presence of antibodies to L-CAM (W.J. Gallin, C.-M., Chuong,
      L.H. Finkel, and G.M. Edelman (1986), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 8235-8239).
      This observation suggests that there may be a functional relationship between the
      extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules in the establishment of feather
      pattern.

PMID- 3360211
TI  - Determination of dorso-ventral axis in early embryos of the sea urchin,
      Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
AB  - To elucidate a relationship between early cleavage planes and dorso-ventral (DV)
      axis of sea urchin embryos, a fluorescent dye, Lucifer Yellow CH, was
      iontophoretically introduced into one blastomere at the 2-cell stage, and the
      location of the progeny cells was determined in the half-labeled prism larvae by
      examining the embryos from the animal pole. The boundary plane which divides the
      embryonic tissue into the labeled and nonlabeled parts was (1) coincident with,
      (2) perpendicular to, or (3) obliquely crossing the larval plane of bilateral
      symmetry. The oblique boundaries took only two angles mutually symmetrical with
      regard to the DV-axis of embryos. Combining these labeling patterns, the tissue
      of prism larvae could be divided into 8 sectors around the animal-vegetal axis.
      When the 2-cell stage embryos with different diameters of sister blastomeres were
      labeled with the dye, one end of the boundary plane was again found at one of the
      8 boundary points noticed in equally cleaved embryos, while the other was
      observed to fall in the middle of a sector. These results indicate that the DV
      axis of the embryo is established according to the spatial arrangement of
      blastomeres during the 5-6th cleavage stages when blastomeres align in 8 rows in
      meridional direction. It was also suggested that intercellular communication
      takes part in the determination of the fate of individual founder blastomeres
      during the two subsequent cleavages, i.e., 7-8th cleavage stages.

PMID- 3360212
TI  - Establishment of hamster blastocyst-derived embryonic stem (ES) cells.
AB  - The establishment of four ES cell lines from the Syrian "golden" hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus) is described. The cells can be maintained in the
      undifferentiated state when grown on primary mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder
      layers. In suspension culture they spontaneously differentiate into embryoid
      bodies of increasing complexity which contain a variety of tissues including
      embryonic ectoderm and myocardium. All four lines--one female and three male--are
      karyotypically normal with 44 chromosomes. Hamster is the second species from
      which ES cells have been established. As in mouse, the cells should be useful for
      developmental and transgenic studies.

PMID- 3360213
TI  - Dependence of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cell migration on xyloside- and
      sulfate-sensitive cell surface-associated components.
AB  - The migration of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells (PMC) is inhibited in
      embryos cultured in sulfate-free seawater and in seawater containing exogenous
      xylosides. In the present study, primary mesenchyme cells and extra-cellular
      matrix have been isolated from normal and treated Lytechinus pictus and
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos and recombined in an in vitro migration
      assay to determine whether the cells or the matrix are migration defective.
      Normal cells were found to migrate on either normal or treated matrix, whereas
      sulfate-deprived and xyloside-treated PMC failed to migrate in vitro on normal
      and treated substrata. Migratory ability can be restored to defective cells by
      returning the PMC to normal seawater, or by exposing the defective cells to
      materials removed from the surface of normal cells with 1 M urea. The similarity
      of the results obtained with sulfate-deprived and xyloside-treated PMC suggested
      that a common molecule may be affected by the two treatments. As a first test of
      this possibility, xyloside-treated S. purpuratus PMC were given the urea extract
      prepared from sulfate-deprived S. purpuratus PMC, and this extract did not
      restore migratory ability. These findings indicate that PMC normally synthesize a
      surface-associated molecule that is involved in cell migration, and the
      sensitivity to exogenous xylosides and sulfate deprivation suggests that a
      sulfated proteoglycan may be involved in primary mesenchyme cell migration.

PMID- 3360214
TI  - Molecular mechanisms in basement membrane complications of diabetes. Alterations
      in heparin, laminin, and type IV collagen association.
AB  - We report alterations in the ligand-binding properties of laminin, the major
      noncollagenous protein of basement membranes, resulting from nonenzymatic
      glycosylation in vitro. Mouse laminin was incubated in vitro with 500 mM glucose,
      and the level of nonenzymatically glycosylated amino acids increased 2-, 6.2-,
      and 12-fold after incubation for 1, 3, and 12 days, respectively. Ligand binding
      assays conducted in solution with varying concentrations of [3H]heparin and a
      constant amount of control or nonenzymatically glycosylated laminin showed a
      reduction in heparin binding proportional to laminin glycosylation. An analysis
      of the stoichiometry of [3H]heparin binding to control and nonenzymatically
      glycosylated laminin at saturating levels of heparin was performed. The results
      indicated that the total number of heparin binding sites on laminin decreased 4.7
      and 14.7-fold due to nonenzymatic glycosylation of laminin for 1 and 3 days,
      respectively. [3H]heparin binding to 12-day nonenzymatically glycosylated laminin
      was abolished. Scatchard analyses of the binding data for heparin and laminin
      gave a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.4 X 10(-8) M. The data for nonenzymatic
      glycosylation of laminin for 1 day in vitro resulted in a biphasic heparin
      binding curve. Both high- and low-affinity binding was observed (Kd values of 3.3
      x 10(-8) and 2.6 x 10(-7) M, respectively). Similar high- and low-affinity
      binding sites were seen on 3-day nonenzymatically glycosylated laminin (Kd values
      of 2.1 x 10(-8) and 3.9 x 10(-7) M, respectively). [3H]heparin binding at a fixed
      concentration to a constant amount of control or 12-day nonenzymatically
      glycosylated laminin and type IV collagen was also studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360215
TI  - Bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular killing by alveolar macrophages in BB
      rats.
AB  - Diabetic patients and animals show an increased susceptibility to bacterial
      infections due to impaired bactericidal function of various host-defense
      mechanisms. In our study, we examined the ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs)
      of the diabetic BB rat to phagocytize and kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
      Groups of spontaneously diabetic BB rats with variable severity of diabetes were
      used and compared with non-diabetes-prone BB rats. AMs obtained from diabetic
      insulin-deficient BB rats showed a markedly decreased capacity to phagocytize and
      kill bacteria, a defect that was partially corrected after a period of aggressive
      insulin treatment. Glucose-intolerant BB rats and diabetes-prone BB rats who did
      not develop diabetes showed a normal AM function compared to non-diabetes-prone
      BB rats. The impaired phagocytotic and bactericidal functions of AMs appeared to
      be caused by a cellular abnormality associated with the degree of insulin
      deficiency.

PMID- 3360216
TI  - Autoradiographic evidence for insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding to
      early mouse embryos.
AB  - Insulin binding to mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos was assessed by
      light-microscopic autoradiography. Significant insulin binding was present on the
      cells of morulae and increased twofold at the blastocyst stage of development.
      Insulin binding was markedly decreased by native insulin and to a lesser extent
      by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). No specific insulin binding was detected
      on oocytes or embryos throughout the eight-cell stage. Specific binding of IGF-I
      and IGF-II was also observed on the cells of blastocyst outgrowths. The findings
      demonstrate that specific binding of insulin and IGF is temporally expressed on
      the cells of pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryos. These results confirm and
      extend our previous immunofluorescence study.

PMID- 3360217
TI  - Plasma lipolytic activity. Relationship to postheparin lipolytic activity and
      evidence for metabolic regulation.
AB  - Lipolytic activity was measured in human plasma without prior administration of
      intravenous heparin. Eluted from heparin-Sepharose in a barbital buffer
      containing 6 mg/ml heparin, plasma lipolytic activities in 20 subjects were
      distributed between hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL, mean +/- SE 60.6 +/- 4.6%)
      and extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL, 39.4 +/- 4.6%). Confirmation of the
      identities of HTGL and LPL was provided by inhibitory antisera. Preheparin LPL
      activity was absent in plasma from a patient with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.
      Both preheparin HTGL and LPL activities correlated with the respective activities
      measured in plasma obtained 15 min after intravenous injection of heparin (rs = +
      .774 and + .685, respectively; n = 12). Evidence for the metabolic regulation of
      preheparin lipases was provided by measurement of significant increases in LPL
      and HTGL activities after oral glucose ingestion. Overall, preheparin plasma HTGL
      and LPL activities may reflect ongoing lipoprotein lipolytic activity in tissue
      beds, and because these measurements do not require the administration of
      intravenous heparin, they should prove useful for additional studies of short
      term regulation of the lipases.

PMID- 3360218
TI  - Congenital susceptibility to NIDDM. Role of intrauterine environment.
AB  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) during pregnancy in Pima Indian
      women results in offspring who have a higher prevalence of NIDDM (45%) at age 20
      24 yr than in offspring of nondiabetic women (1.4%) or offspring of prediabetic
      women (8.6%), i.e., women who developed diabetes only after the pregnancy. These
      differences persist after taking into account paternal diabetes, age at onset of
      diabetes in the parents, and the offspring's weight relative to height. The
      findings suggest that the intrauterine environment is an important determinant of
      the development of diabetes and that its effect is in addition to effects of
      genetic factors.

PMID- 3360219
TI  - Adenine nucleotide metabolism in hearts of diabetic rats. Comparison to
      diaphragm, liver, and kidney.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of acid-extracted tissues
      revealed decreases of high-energy nucleotides and increases in low-energy
      nucleotides and metabolites in heart, diaphragm, and liver but not in kidneys of
      diabetic rats. In comparison with nondiabetic rats, the total adenine nucleotide
      content of diabetic rat heart and diaphragm but not liver decreased, indicating
      an increase in catabolism of AMP. Maximal initial rates of the AMP catabolic
      enzymes 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and AMP deaminase were elevated in
      the hearts of BB/Wistar and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Nucleotide
      salvage enzymes adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase were
      elevated above normal in the diabetic heart, whereas hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyl transferase was not altered. Cytosolic-to-mitochondrial ratios
      from maximal initial rates after correction for mitochondrial breakage were
      increased above controls in diabetic hearts for nucleoside diphosphokinase and
      aspartate aminotransferase. Nucleotide levels, degradation rates, and substrate
      compartmentation between cytosol and mitochondria are discussed in relation to
      concurrent diabetes.

PMID- 3360220
TI  - Insulin resistance by uncleaved insulin proreceptor. Emergence of binding site by
      trypsin.
AB  - Two sisters presented with severe insulin resistance and markedly decreased
      insulin binding to erythrocytes, cultured fibroblasts, and transformed
      lymphocytes. The dose-response curve of insulin-stimulated amino acid uptake in
      the fibroblasts was shifted to the right. The molecular weight of the insulin
      receptor on the transformed lymphocytes from the patients was 210,000 and could
      not be dissociated to alpha- and beta-subunits by dithiothreitol treatment.
      However, the proreceptor was cleaved by trypsin, and this led to production of a
      135,000-Mr alpha-subunit. Insulin binding to the trypsin-treated cells increased
      to the normal level, and insulin action was normalized. These results suggest
      that the failure of proreceptor cleavage produces hormone-resistant states and
      that a proreceptor syndrome may be a unique disease entity for hormone
      resistance.

PMID- 3360221
TI  - Diabetic state-induced modification of resting membrane potential and conductance
      in diaphragm muscle of alloxan and diabetic KK-CAy mice.
AB  - The electrical properties of skeletal muscle membranes were investigated in
      genetically diabetic KK-CAy mice and alloxan-induced diabetic ddY mice. Using
      isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle or sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle in
      situ preparations, nerve-stimulated twitch tensions (the maximal value) were
      obtained at lower voltage pulse in diabetic KK-CAy mice than in normal ddY mice.
      The diabetic state reduced resting membrane potentials (1.7-4.0 mV) and resting
      membrane conductance (0.37-0.44 mu siemen), decreased the amplitude (3.8-3.9 mV)
      and overshoot (4.5 mV) of directly induced-action potential, and prolonged action
      potential duration. In the diabetic state, resting membrane conductance was
      multiply-correlated with blood glucose level and resting membrane potential. In
      alloxan-induced diabetic mice, resting membrane potentials were significantly
      multiply-correlated with the weeks elapsed after alloxan injection and blood
      glucose level (p less than 0.01). Since the reduction of resting membrane
      potential correlated with the weeks, changes in resting membrane potential may be
      involved in the decrease in insulin-like growth factor action. The reduction of
      resting membrane conductance was correlated with the increase in blood glucose.

PMID- 3360223
TI  - Familial diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3360222
TI  - Non-enzymatic glycosylation of low-density lipoprotein. Results of an affinity
      chromatography method.

PMID- 3360224
TI  - Hypertension in diabetic clinic patients and their siblings.
AB  - The prevalence of hypertension was investigated in a systematically chosen sample
      of patients attending a diabetic clinic. One hundred ninety-one patients were
      classified as Type 1 (insulin-dependent), 183 were classified as Type 2 (non
      insulin-dependent) and 12 were deemed unclassifiable. Two hundred fifty-five
      control subjects attending non-medical out-patient clinics were also examined
      under similar conditions. Hypertension was significantly (p less than 0.001) more
      common among Type 2 patients (38%) than among Type 1 patients (15%) or control
      subjects (16%). The difference between Type 2 patients and control subjects, but
      not between Type 2 and Type 1 patients, persisted when the influences of age and
      body mass index were controlled. We also investigated the prevalence of
      hypertension among the siblings of the hypertensive patients identified, together
      with a matched normotensive group. One hundred eighty-eight siblings were
      examined and historical details were obtained for a further 451 siblings. When
      age and body mass index were controlled for in examined siblings, the risk of
      hypertension was greater in those with a hypertensive proband than in those with
      a normotensive proband, in the control (p less than 0.06) and Type 1 (p less than
      0.02) groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360225
TI  - Coronary heart disease and urinary albumin excretion rate in type 2 (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetic patients.
AB  - Associations between overnight urinary albumin excretion rate and prevalent
      coronary heart disease and its major risk factors were examined in a cross
      sectional study of 141 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Mean
      albumin excretion rate was higher in men (geometric mean 13.5 micrograms/min; 95%
      confidence interval 10.3-17.6) than women (7.5 micrograms/min; 5.7-9.8, p less
      than 0.01). In diabetic men and women mean albumin excretion rate was higher in
      those with electrocardiographic and/or symptomatic evidence of coronary heart
      disease than in those without (men, 23.1 micrograms/min; 95% confidence interval
      13.7-39.0 versus 10.6 micrograms/min; 7.9-14.2, p less than 0.01, women, 13.7
      micrograms/min; 8.0-23.5 versus 5.4 micrograms/min; 4.2-6.8, p less than 0.01).
      Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to allow for confounding between
      variables. In the diabetic group as a whole, raised albumin excretion rate (p
      less than 0.001), gender (p less than 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (p =
      0.06) entered the "best" model for coronary heart disease prediction. In women,
      albumin excretion rate alone (p less than 0.01) and in men albumin excretion rate
      (p less than 0.01) and age (p = 0.05) entered the "best" models. We conclude that
      albumin excretion rate is significantly associated with coronary heart disease
      morbidity after taking into account the confounding effects of raised blood
      pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 3360226
TI  - Diabetic eye disease in Central Africa.
AB  - Six hundred African diabetic patients were examined using a standardised
      technique based on the World Health Organisation Multinational Study, in which no
      country from Africa was represented. Thirty-four percent of patients had
      retinopathy and 13% were affected by cataract. They were older and the duration
      of diabetes was longer than patients without retinopathy or cataract. There was
      no association with glycaemic control. Systolic blood pressure was higher in
      patients with retinopathy but there was no association with diastolic pressure.
      Only one patient had proliferative retinopathy and blindness compared to 25
      (4.2%) patients blinded by cataract. In Central Africa cataract is a more
      important cause of blindness and visual disability than retinopathy.

PMID- 3360228
TI  - Risk reduction: attitudes and behavior of family practice residents.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the frequency of behavioral risk factor
      screening and counseling by family medicine residents. Patients seen for well
      care visits reported that residents screened most often for smoking and alcohol
      abuse. Residents inquired about stress, sedentary life-style, poor nutritional
      habits, and obesity less often. Few patients were counseled to reduce risks, even
      when unhealthy behaviors had been identified. Residents provided counseling most
      often for obesity, smoking, and stress; sedentary life-style, poor nutritional
      habits, and alcohol abuse rarely received intervention. Chart documentation of
      screening reported by patients was done a majority of the time only for smoking
      and alcohol abuse. Counseling was usually not documented. Residents screened most
      often for those risk factors (smoking and alcohol) they considered the most
      important causes of chronic disease. No relationship was found, however, between
      resident attitudes and likelihood of counseling. Residents agreed they needed
      more training to counsel patients on reducing behavioral risks.

PMID- 3360227
TI  - Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Tasmania: prevalence and apparent regional
      differences.
AB  - The results of a cross-sectional study of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in
      the total population of Tasmania are described. Tasmanians, predominantly of
      British origin, live in a temperate island situated to the south-east of mainland
      Australia. For males and females respectively, prevalence in 1984 was 1.1 +/- 0.1
      and 0.9 +/- 0.1 per 1,000 at all ages, 0.6 +/- 0.2 and 0.5 +/- 0.2 per 1,000 in
      subjects aged 0-14 years, rising to 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 per 1,000 in
      those aged 0-29 years. Prevalence in the 0-19 year age range was 0.8 +/- 0.2 per
      1,000 in both sexes. Prevalence fell in both sexes from the third decade of life.
      A statistically significant excess in prevalence was found in the urban, as
      compared with the rural, sector of the community. The urban relative risk was
      greatest in subjects aged 10-19 years. According to reported month of onset
      (commencement of insulin treatment) there was a suggestion of seasonal trend in
      the rural, but not in the urban subjects. Longitudinal studies of Type 1 diabetes
      in Tasmania are now required if these findings are to be confirmed, and their
      possible aetiological implications explored.

PMID- 3360229
TI  - Radiology in family practice: experience in community practice.
AB  - This study examined the utilization and interpretation of office x-rays in
      community practice. Analysis of physician and practice descriptive data obtained
      by survey from the Minnesota Academy of Family Physicians Research Network, a
      representative sample of family physicians in Minnesota, leads to these
      conclusions: (1) Most (87.3%) of the study physicians have on-site x-ray
      facilities. (2) An extensive variety of x-rays is obtained in the office. (3)
      Most (54.2%) family physicians interpret their own x-rays and self-select those
      they want re-read by a radiologist; 43.8% referred all x-rays to a radiologist.
      (4) Of those who self-select x-rays for referral, 68.9% refer 10% or fewer films.
      (5) Reasons for referral are: (a) to follow an "a priori" decision, (b) to make a
      diagnosis when clinical findings are inconclusive, (c) to confirm the physician's
      own clinical diagnosis, (d) to protect from medical-legal problems, and (e) to
      consult because of the seriousness of the problem. The study physicians also
      believe that the interpretation of office x-rays is a basic skill of the family
      physician, that residents should be trained to interpret 90% or more of their
      office x-rays, and that radiologists should be used as consultants on the basis
      of identified need similar to the way other consultants are used. The study also
      showed that decision criteria for referral are based on sound clinical and
      quality of care issues, that liability concerns have a definite influence on
      referral rates for x-ray interpretation, and that a contractual reading
      arrangement with a radiologist and close proximity to a radiologist both tend to
      increase his or her use.

PMID- 3360230
TI  - The relationship between medical student career choice and a required third-year
      family practice clerkship.
AB  - Family practice as a career choice has been related to a number of educational
      variables, including the presence of a required clinical clerkship. In order to
      determine whether or not the timing of the required clinical clerkship was also
      related to family practice residency selection, a study was undertaken to
      investigate the relationship between the required third-year family practice
      clerkship and family practice career choice. The results showed that students who
      attended medical schools with a required third-year clerkship in family practice
      were significantly more likely to enter family practice residency training
      (16.8%), than students who attended schools with a required fourth-year clerkship
      (14.5% P less than 0.05), or who attended a school with no required family
      practice clerkship (12.1%, P less than 0.001). These results support the
      recommendations of the STFM Task Force on Predoctoral Education that a required
      third-year clerkship in family practice is important in medical student career
      choice.

PMID- 3360231
TI  - Family function, respiratory illness, and otitis media in urban black infants.
AB  - Associations between maternal perceptions of family functioning and rates of
      infant presentation for respiratory illness and otitis media were analyzed using
      data collected prospectively in a sample of 114 urban black mother-infant pairs.
      Family functioning was evaluated using the Family APGAR, truncated versions of
      Olson's FACES II cohesion and adaptability subscales, and a shortened version of
      Hudson's Index of Family Relationships. Lower maternal scores of family function
      were significantly associated with higher rates of physician visits for infant
      respiratory illness and otitis media during the first 15 months of life. This
      correlation persisted when controlled for breast feeding. Maternal perceptions of
      family function, including those tested antenatally, may be useful in identifying
      infants in similar populations who are at risk for increased frequency of visits
      to the family physician for respiratory illness and otitis media.

PMID- 3360232
TI  - Ways of knowing in family medicine: contributions from a feminist perspective.
AB  - Feminist psychologists have recently drawn a distinction between separate and
      connected knowing, two different ways of finding out about the world. Family
      medicine practice uses connected knowing to discover, through empathy, what
      another person may be experiencing; in contrast, family medicine research, in
      order to gain academic credibility, relies on separate knowing, typical of
      scientific thinking. These two ways of knowing have been variously described by
      Bruner as paradigmatic vs. narrative, by Kuzel as rationalistic vs. naturalistic,
      and by Stephens as seeing vs. hearing. The two ways of knowing vary in their use
      of context, time span, believability, and empathy. Family medicine, in a parallel
      with women who are finding their voice in a world which has not respected them,
      must come to blend the two ways of knowing. We can begin reframing our research
      questions by drawing on knowledge of our intimate, long-term connections with
      patients, thus underscoring the importance of the knower and the relationship
      with the known.

PMID- 3360233
TI  - Curriculum revision using a three-dimensional model.
AB  - A three-dimensional model was developed to guide the process of curriculum
      revision for a freshman medical student course entitled "Introduction to Primary
      Care." A four-sided base pyramid represented the conceptual complexities found in
      the delivery of primary care--the individual, the family, the doctor, and
      organized medicine at the base corners, and health at the pinnacle. The model
      served as the theoretical framework for organization of the course content,
      teaching methods, and evaluation materials.

PMID- 3360234
TI  - The effect of Southeast Asian refugees on medical services in a rural county.

PMID- 3360235
TI  - Which came first, malpractice or stress?

PMID- 3360236
TI  - Needed research on the impact of the liability insurance crisis.

PMID- 3360237
TI  - On the political front: a time for cooperation.

PMID- 3360238
TI  - The Family APGAR in a research setting.

PMID- 3360239
TI  - Mechanism of expression of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen at the cell surface
      of a mammary adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen and its disaccharide component Gal beta
      1,3GalNAc, which is recognized by the plant lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA), have
      been proposed as useful tumor markers because of their apparently specific
      occurrence in certain types of carcinomas. We have investigated the mechanism for
      the appearance of the disaccharide at the cell surface of ascites 13762 rat
      mammary adenocarcinoma cells using pulse-chase glucosamine labeling, proteolysis,
      and PNA precipitation of the cell-surface sialomucin ASGP-1. Glucosamine-labeled
      disaccharide appears at the cell surface in less than 10 min. Although the
      appearance of larger oligosaccharides continues to increase, the appearance of
      labeled disaccharide levels off within an hour. Analysis of intracellular vs.
      cell surface-labeled oligosaccharides showed that all disaccharide synthesized
      more than an hour before reaching the cell surface is converted to larger
      oligosaccharides. Thus, the presence of the disaccharide at the cell surface
      results from its synthesis late in the transit pathway of the sialomucin to the
      cell surface. We propose that the presence of T antigen at the surface of
      carcinoma cells results from an aberration of the pathway for O-linked
      glycosylation in these cells, probably caused by inappropriate localization of
      the enzymes involved in synthesis of the disaccharide.

PMID- 3360240
TI  - Purification and properties of the synthetase catalyzing the biotination of the
      aposubunit of transcarboxylase from Propionibacterium shermanii.
AB  - The synthetase that attaches biotin to the aposubunit of transcarboxylase (biotin
      [methylmalonyl-CoA-carboxyltransferase]ligase) (EC 6.3.4.9) was purified to
      homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on cellulose DE-52 and CM-cellulose.
      The synthetase is a monomer of molecular weight 30,000. The pH and temperature
      optima for the synthetase are 6.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The apparent Km
      for the substrates ATP, biotin, and apo 1.3 S subunit of apotranscarboxylase are
      38, 2.0, and 0.9 microM, respectively. Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, or Mn2+ could replace
      Mg2+ in the reaction. The affinity of synthetase toward metals is as follows:
      Zn2+ greater than Ni2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Co2+ greater than Mg2+, and
      the activity with Zn2+ was much greater than that with the other divalent metals.
      EDTA completely inactivates the enzyme. The metals are necessary not only for the
      catalytic activity but also for the storage stability of the enzyme. The
      synthetase shows absolute specificity toward ATP.

PMID- 3360241
TI  - NIH recruits university, industry scientists for AIDS vaccine development.

PMID- 3360242
TI  - Cubic splines.

PMID- 3360243
TI  - Villous tumors of the stomach.
AB  - Four cases of gastric villous tumors are presented. The radiologic features of
      these rare tumors in the stomach are described. Their high propensity for
      malignancy as compared to villous adenoma of the colon is emphasized. In 2 of 4
      of our patients the villous tumors were malignant. The radiologic picture of
      villous tumors of the stomach is characteristic enough to suggest the diagnosis.

PMID- 3360244
TI  - Exogastric cystic gastric leiomyoblastoma with unusual CT appearance.
AB  - Gastric leiomyoblastomas are rare tumors between leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas
      in terms of their malignant potential. This article describes 2 cases of
      exogastric cystic gastric leiomyoblastoma with unusual location and computed
      tomographic (CT) appearance. The CT findings of these cases were unlike those of
      usual smooth muscle tumors, but closely simulated cystadenomatous tumor of the
      ovary or pancreas.

PMID- 3360245
TI  - Focal hepatic lesions: detection by dynamic and delayed computed tomography
      versus short TE/TR spin echo and fast field echo magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Eighteen patients with focal hepatic lesions were evaluated with two computed
      tomographic (CT) techniques including dynamic sequential bolus contrast CT and
      delayed contrast CT, and 3 magnetic resonance (MR) techniques including a spin
      echo pulse sequence with TE/TR of 21/310 msec and 2 fast field echo sequences
      using a TE/TR of 15/300 msec and 80 degrees flip angle (T1-weighted) and TE/TR of
      15/500 msec and 10-20 degrees flip angle (T2-weighted). We concluded that CT,
      using delayed contrast and dynamic sequential bolus contrast techniques, was
      consistently superior to the 3 MR pulse sequences used on our imagers in terms of
      number of lesions detected, lesion-to-liver contrast, and quality of scan.

PMID- 3360246
TI  - High-field MRI of primary gallbladder carcinoma.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features are described in a case of
      gallbladder carcinoma presenting as a fungating mass associated with gallstones
      as well as biliary obstruction due to pancreaticoduodenal lymph node metastasis.
      The MR findings complemented diagnostic observations made on preoperative
      sonography and computed tomography of the abdomen.

PMID- 3360247
TI  - Progressive CT appearance of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - An 8-year retrospective review of 106 serial computed tomographic (CT)
      examinations performed on 32 patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the
      liver was done to determine if the CT appearance of such metastases changed with
      a favorable response to chemotherapy or with progression of disease. Of these 32
      patients, 15 underwent placement of an infusion pump for delivery of chemotherapy
      directly into the hepatic artery, 3 underwent partial hepatectomy, 1 underwent
      both procedures, and 13 underwent neither. Regression of hepatic metastases (7
      patients), only seen following infusion pump placement, was associated with a
      decrease in size and an increase in margination of lesions. In two of these
      patients regression of metastases was seen in one area of the liver with
      subsequent progression or development of metastases in another region, presumably
      due to preferential delivery of chemotherapeutic agent. Progression of disease
      (23 patients) was associated with an increase in both size and number of lesions
      that became progressively less well marginated. Development of poorly marginated
      or infiltrative characteristics at the periphery of the lesion was associated
      with a poor prognosis. Thus, the CT characteristics of hepatic metastases from
      colorectal carcinoma differ with a favorable response to chemotherapy and with
      progression of disease.

PMID- 3360248
TI  - Staging cecal and ascending colon carcinoma with computed tomography.
AB  - Operable subserosal and transserosal and inoperable cecal and ascending colon
      carcinomas can be differentiated by computed tomography (CT). Invasion of the
      posterior peritoneal reflection produces recognizable changes on CT, which, with
      or without adjacent muscle invasion, are indicative of tumor nonoperability.

PMID- 3360249
TI  - Computed tomographic findings of giant intestinal pseudopolyposis.
AB  - The cases of 3 patients with giant intestinal pseudopolyposis are presented.
      Giant pseudopolyposis complicated chronic ulcerative colitis in 2 patients and
      granulomatous colitis in 1 patient. Each patient was evaluated with either barium
      or Gastrografin enema as well as with computed tomography (CT) after
      administration of oral contrast material. The unique manifestations of this
      unusual lesion as demonstrated by computed tomography are described.

PMID- 3360250
TI  - Gastrointestinal manifestations of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - A patient with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) presented initially with
      gastric ulcers and, six months later, with a lesion of the ileum, mild stricture
      of the transverse colon, and stricture of the sigmoid colon with deep ulceration.
      The initial diagnosis was Crohn's disease, but pathologic examination of the
      resected sigmoid lesion showed vasculitis secondary to EMC. Patients with EMC can
      present with gastrointestinal manifestations mimicking Crohn's disease. A review
      and classification of the gastrointestinal manifestations of EMC are presented.

PMID- 3360251
TI  - Complete transection of the common bile duct diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography.
AB  - Complete transection of the common bile duct is an unusual complication of
      elective cholecystectomy. We present a case in which the diagnosis of this rare
      complication was made postoperatively by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

PMID- 3360252
TI  - The forgotten surgical foreign body.
AB  - Instruments and drains left in the abdomen following surgery may be responsible
      for bizarre and varied complications. The patient may remain asymptomatic for
      months or even years. Complications include adhesion formation, intestinal
      obstruction, abscesses, and erosion into the gastrointestinal tract. We report 3
      patients in whom retained surgical material eroded into the duodenum and colon,
      respectively, and produced unusual radiologic findings and complications.

PMID- 3360253
TI  - Retrograde colostomy and ileostomy enemas in neonates and infants: a simple
      combination of techniques.
AB  - A combination of previously known techniques for retrograde opacification of
      ileostomies and colostomies has been used successfully in neonates and infants.
      This combination of techniques used on very small stomas allows easy retrograde
      opacification of bowel. The technique uses a small feeding tube, a larger Foley
      catheter with an inflatable balloon, and a Lucite compression device, the
      construction and use of which are discussed here.

PMID- 3360254
TI  - Computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was done in 49 patients with gastric
      carcinoma. These cases were retrospectively staged and evaluated as to
      operability. Various staging parameters were also evaluated separately. The
      results were correlated to findings on surgery, liver scan, and cytology. Overall
      accuracy of CT staging and operability assessment was 72 and 82%, respectively.
      Among the various CT parameters, perigastric fat invasion had a positive
      predictive value of 91%. The demonstration of local node involvement and invasion
      of adjacent organs was unreliable. Since surgery is currently the only treatment
      for gastric carcinoma, CT staging has limited clinical value. The principal role
      of CT is in the assessment of operability in patients with carcinoma of the
      stomach.

PMID- 3360255
TI  - Motor activity of the gastric antrum, pylorus, and duodenum under fasted
      conditions and after a liquid meal.
AB  - Because the mechanisms that control the movement of food and digestive juices
      across the human pylorus are not completely understood, the aim of this study was
      to document the normal patterns of pressure activity in the antrum, pylorus, and
      duodenum and the associated pH changes in 9 healthy volunteers. Studies were
      carried out under fasting conditions and after ingestion of 300 ml of chocolate
      milk, using a unique 11-channel intraluminal probe that incorporated a sleeve
      sensor positioned across the pylorus and pH electrodes situated in the terminal
      antrum and proximal duodenum. The most common motor pattern recorded under
      fasting conditions consisted of regular coordinated contractions, most of which
      (a) involved the antrum and duodenum, (b) showed evidence of propagation through
      two or more adjacent channels, and (c) were associated with transient reductions
      in duodenal pH and transient elevations in antral pH. Ingestion of milk changed
      the motor pattern to one that was composed of pressure waves, which were confined
      to the pylorus with few or no pressure waves in the terminal antrum or proximal
      duodenum. Isolated pyloric pressure waves were gradually replaced by propagated
      antroduodenal contractions, which eventually occurred at a regular frequency that
      was higher than that observed under fasting conditions. After ingestion of milk,
      only the coordinated contractions were associated with transient reductions in
      duodenal pH. Isolated pyloric pressure waves were also observed under fasting
      conditions just before or just after phase III of the migrating motor complex,
      and 17% of these were accompanied by episodes of duodenal acidification.

PMID- 3360256
TI  - Relationship of the motor activity of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum to
      gastric emptying of a solid-liquid mixed meal.
AB  - The postprandial motor activity of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum in 15
      healthy volunteers was compared with the profiles of emptying of the solid and
      liquid components of a meal. The liquid component of the meal emptied rapidly in
      an exponential manner, whereas the solid remained in the fundus of the stomach
      until approximately 80% of the liquid had emptied and then emptied in a linear
      manner. The onset of solid emptying was associated with an increase in the rate
      of occurrence of antral pressure waves (p less than 0.05), and the half-time for
      solid emptying (t1/2 - lag period) was inversely correlated (p less than 0.05)
      with the rate of coordinated contractions involving the antrum. The substitution
      of 25% dextrose in normal saline as the liquid component of the meal increased
      the half-time for liquid emptying from a median of 8 to 40 min (p less than
      0.01), increased the lag period for solid emptying from 40 to 87 min (p less than
      0.01), and increased the rate of occurrence of isolated pyloric pressure waves
      during the solid lag phase from 7 to 58/h (p less than 0.05), but did not affect
      the slope of solid emptying or the rate of coordinated contractions involving the
      antrum during the solid emptying period.

PMID- 3360257
TI  - Preganglionic vagus nerve fibers also enter the greater curvature of the stomach
      in rats and ferrets.
AB  - The efferent gastric vagus nerve fibers appear to enter the stomach by several
      routes. For example, the rate of gastric acid secretion is directly affected by
      the nerves of the greater curvature of the stomach. Specifically, acid secretion
      decreases abruptly after division of the gastroepiploic nerve(s). To determine
      whether efferent vagus nerve fibers are contained in the gastroepiploic nerve(s),
      horseradish peroxidase, a protein that undergoes retrograde axonal transport, was
      applied to these nerves; the brainstem locus of the nuclei of the vagus nerves
      was examined 2 days later. Typical peroxidase labeling was observed in the dorsal
      motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in 5 of 6 rats and 3 of 3 ferrets; the
      hypothesis that efferent vagus nerves enter the greater curvature of the stomach
      was thus supported in two vertebrate species. These previously unrecognized
      nerves should be considered in the interpretation of experimental and clinical
      phenomena.

PMID- 3360258
TI  - Human postprandial gastric emptying of 1-3-millimeter spheres.
AB  - Microspheres of pancreatin should empty from the stomachs of patients with
      pancreatic insufficiency as fast as food. The present study was undertaken in 26
      healthy subjects to identify the size of spheres that would empty from the
      stomach with food and to determine whether different meals alter this size.
      Spheres of predefined sizes were labeled with 113mIn or 99mTc. Using a gamma
      camera, we studied the concurrent gastric emptying of spheres labeled with 113mIn
      and of chicken liver labeled with 99mTc in 100-g, 154-kcal or 420-g, 919-kcal
      meals, or the concurrent emptying of 1-mm vs. larger spheres. One-millimeter
      spheres emptied consistently (p less than 0.01, paired t-test) faster than 2.4-
      or 3.2-mm spheres when ingested together with either the 420- or 100-g meals.
      Thus, in the 1-3-mm range of diameters, sphere size was a more important
      determinant of sphere emptying than meal size. Statistical analyses indicated
      that spheres 1.4 +/- 0.3 mm in diameter with a density of 1 empty at the same
      rate as 99mTc-liver. Our data indicate some commercially marketed microspheres of
      pancreatin will empty too slowly to be effective in digestion of food.

PMID- 3360259
TI  - Adrenergic, but not cholinergic or purinergic, responses are potentiated in the
      cecum of diabetic rats.
AB  - Electrophysiologic properties of smooth muscle strips from the circular muscle of
      the cecum were compared in streptozocin-treated diabetic (8 wk) and untreated
      control rats using the sucrose-gap technique. Changes in membrane potential
      elicited by field stimulation (0.03-32 Hz) and by exogenously applied adenosine
      triphosphate (10-1000 microM) and noradrenaline (0.03-10 microM) were measured.
      Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory junction potentials were the predominant
      response to field stimulation. However, in some preparations from both diabetic
      and control tissues, the inhibitory junction potential was preceded by a small
      nonadrenergic, noncholinergic excitatory junction potential. In nonatropinized
      preparations, a cholinergic excitatory junction potential was occasionally
      elicited; there was no difference between these cholinergic responses in diabetic
      and control tissues. The inhibitory junction potentials and the hyperpolarization
      in response to adenosine triphosphate were similar in diabetic and control
      tissues, although the rate of hyperpolarization of the single inhibitory junction
      potential was slower in the diabetic tissues. In contrast, exogenous application
      of noradrenaline revealed significantly greater hyperpolarizing responses in
      diabetic compared with control tissues. This increase in potency appeared to be
      due, in part, to an increased sensitivity of alpha-adrenoceptors on smooth
      muscle. There was no evidence for beta-adrenoceptor activation by noradrenaline.
      Prejunctional inhibition of the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neuromuscular
      transmission by noradrenaline was not affected by streptozocin-induced diabetes.
      The induced changes in adrenoceptor activity were selective for the
      postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 3360260
TI  - Comparison of human jejunal and ileal fat absorption by electron microscopy.
AB  - Morphologic and physiologic experiments in rodents have demonstrated differences
      between jejunal and ileal fat absorption. Compared with the rat jejunum, absorbed
      lipid particles within rat ileal absorptive cells are larger and exit at a slower
      rate. To evaluate the relevance of these observations to humans, we studied
      jejunal and ileal ultrastructure in 3 volunteers, each of whom had an intact
      small intestine and an ileostomy postcolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Proximal
      jejunal biopsy specimens were obtained via a hydraulic tube after an overnight
      fast and again after a 20-min intrajejunal lipid infusion. On a separate day,
      terminal ileal biopsy specimens were taken via the stoma with a small steerable
      suction biopsy tube after an overnight fast and again after a 20-min intraileal
      infusion of the same lipid mixture. One volunteer underwent biopsy after a 60-min
      ileal infusion of a digested meal of higher lipid content. Electron microscopy of
      fasting human jejunal absorptive cells revealed obvious smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum in the extreme apical region beneath the terminal web; very low density
      lipoprotein particles were observed within smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      cisternae. In contrast, fasting human ileal absorptive cells contained less
      apical smooth endoplasmic reticulum and fewer or no very low density lipoprotein
      particles. After the 20-min infusion of lower-lipid content, human jejunal and
      ileal absorptive cells were indistinguishable because they contained fat
      particles of the same size and number within smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
      cisternae, and extracellular spaces. After the 60-min ileal infusion of higher
      lipid content, human ileal absorptive cells appeared to be the same as those of
      the human jejunum after similar lipid infusions. Our observations of the
      ultrastructural similarity in human jejunal and ileal absorptive cells after
      lipid infusions contrasts with those in rodents and may reflect species-specific
      differences in mechanisms of fat absorption.

PMID- 3360261
TI  - Human intestinal goblet cells in monolayer culture: characterization of a mucus
      secreting subclone derived from the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line.
AB  - HT29-18N2 (N2) cells, a subclone of the HT29 human colon carcinoma cell line, are
      shown in this report to be a model system for the study of human goblet cell
      differentiation and mucin secretion. Grown in the absence of glucose, these cells
      formed homogeneous epithelial monolayers of columnar cells with typical goblet
      cell morphology. Differentiation occurred on uncoated glass; laminin,
      fibronectin, or collagen type I or IV did not enhance differentiation. HT29-18N2
      cells grown on uncoated or matrix-coated permeable filters formed differentiated
      monolayers, but mucin granules within some of these cells polarized along
      intraepithelial lumens. Polyclonal antibodies raised against purified human
      colonic mucin, and also a monoclonal antibody against a protease-sensitive
      epitope of human colonic mucin, stained secretory granules of all differentiated
      goblet cells within N2 cell monolayers but did not stain predifferentiated goblet
      cells lacking large secretory granules. Monoclonal antibodies against specific
      carbohydrate sequences of human mucins also failed to stain N2 cells before
      differentiation, but recognized varying fractions of differentiated N2 goblet
      cells. Autoradiographic visualization of radiolabeled glycoproteins demonstrated
      transport and secretion of N2 cell mucin granules. Cholinergic stimulation of
      differentiated N2 cell monolayers resulted in depletion of intracellular mucin
      granules.

PMID- 3360262
TI  - Sequential release of leukotrienes and norepinephrine in rat bowel after platelet
      activating factor. A mechanistic study of platelet-activating factor-induced
      bowel necrosis.
AB  - We have developed a model of ischemic bowel necrosis in the rat by injecting
      synthetic platelet-activating factor into the mesenteric vascular bed. Our
      previous studies have shown that the development of ischemic necrosis was not due
      to thrombus formation, but to release of vasoconstricting mediators from the
      intestinal tissue, such as leukotriene C4. However the release of leukotriene C4
      was transient and could not account for the prolonged intestinal
      vasoconstriction. In the present study, we show that (a) the release of
      norepinephrine from intestinal tissue was increased after injection of platelet
      activating factor, and was responsible, at least in part, for the prolonged
      vasoconstriction; (b) in vivo treatment with reserpine abolished both the
      prolonged vasoconstriction and the release of norepinephrine from the perfused
      small intestine; (c) the release of norepinephrine was largely secondary to
      leukotriene C4 production and direct injection of leukotriene C4 caused
      catecholamine release; and (d) there was a concomitant release of epinephrine (of
      a lesser magnitude) after injection of platelet-activating factor.

PMID- 3360263
TI  - Synthesis and intracellular processing of aminooligopeptidase by human intestine.
AB  - Aminooligopeptidase is an intrinsic glycoprotein of the brush border membrane
      important for hydrolysis of the oligopeptide products of intraluminal protein
      digestion. To study its synthesis and intracellular processing, we performed
      pulse-chase experiments using [35S]methionine to label proteins of cultured human
      intestinal explants obtained by endoscopic biopsy. Aminooligopeptidase was
      isolated by immune precipitation with a monoclonal antibody and its molecular
      size was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and fluorography. A precursor of relative molecular weight (Mr) 127,000 appeared
      within 10 min of chase and appeared to begin conversion to an Mr 150,000 form
      (the size of brush border membrane aminooligopeptidase) within 60 min. To
      determine if the change in molecular size was the consequence of alterations in
      glycosylation, we studied the susceptibility of the two forms to endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase H, which cleaves immature high-mannose N-linked
      carbohydrate chains, and to peptide: N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine
      amidase, which cleaves both the high-mannose and complex N-linked carbohydrate
      chains. Only the early Mr 127,000 aminooligopeptidase was sensitive to endo-beta
      N-acetylglucosaminidase H, suggesting that the larger form results from trimming
      of high-mannose cores and adding terminal sugars in the Golgi complex. Both forms
      were sensitive to peptide: N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase,
      generating an Mr 114,000 species. The kinetics of the synthesis and processing of
      aminooligopeptidase and sucrase-isomaltase were compared by immunoprecipitation
      of both proteins from the same tissue after separating the microvillous membrane
      from the remainder of the cellular membranes. Labeled aminooligopeptidase was
      present intracellularly in its mature form within 60 min and was detected
      exclusively in the brush border membrane by 90 min. Most of the labeled sucrase
      isomaltase pool had not yet undergone complex glycosylation during the same
      period. These data demonstrate that although human intestinal aminooligopeptidase
      undergoes N-linked glycosylation like sucrase-isomaltase, the synthesis of
      aminooligopeptidase differs from that of sucrase-isomaltase in respect to the
      absence of a high-molecular-weight precursor and more rapid pre-Golgi processing.

PMID- 3360264
TI  - Immunoglobulin A receptor of rat small intestinal enterocytes is unaffected by
      aging.
AB  - The receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins is responsible for the transport of
      immunoglobulin A (IgA) through epithelial cells and its subsequent delivery to
      mucosal surfaces. We have extended our previous studies of the IgA receptor in
      the liver of the aging Fischer rat to include the small intestine. Basolateral
      membrane-enriched fractions prepared from rat small intestinal enterocytes
      exhibit a single binding site for dimeric IgA. This receptor is specific for
      molecules that interact with rat secretory component, e.g., rat dimeric IgA and
      IgM and human polymeric IgA but not human monomeric IgA or rat secretory IgA.
      Inhibition of binding by rabbit-antirat secretory component also indicated that
      binding is specific for secretory component. Both liver and intestinal membranes
      showed virtually identical binding specificity. Membranes from crypt cells show
      increased IgA binding (320 fmol bound per milligram protein) compared with
      villous cells (105 fmol bound per milligram protein); however, other than
      increased binding, crypt cells show the same binding characteristics as villous
      cells. In contrast to our previous findings, in which liver plasma membranes from
      old rats showed a four-fold decrease in IgA binding compared with young adult
      rats, membrane fractions from rat enterocytes showed no alterations in dimeric
      IgA binding with increased age.

PMID- 3360266
TI  - Proportion of circulating Gc (vitamin D-binding protein) in complexed form:
      relation to clinical outcome in fulminant hepatic necrosis.
AB  - Alterations in circulating levels of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc) and the
      percentage of Gc in complexed form were further studied in normal subjects and in
      patients with fulminant hepatic necrosis in relation to clinical outcome. Levels
      of Gc were markedly reduced in all 7 patients studied, particularly in
      nonsurvivors. The percentage of Gc in complexed form was generally less than 10%
      in normal subjects. However, complexes were increased in all patients, and the
      percentage correlated strongly with clinical outcome, being 22% +/- 7.3% in
      survivors and 72% +/- 7.5% in those who died (p less than 0.001). These results
      provide further evidence that Gc plays an important role in complexing and
      clearance of cellular actin released during tissue necrosis.

PMID- 3360265
TI  - Peptide YY and gallbladder contraction. Studies in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of peptide YY on contraction
      of the gallbladder in vivo and in vitro and on contraction of the sphincter of
      Oddi in vitro. In conscious dogs that were prepared with strain-gauge force
      transducers implanted in the gallbladder wall, peptide YY (400 ng/kg, bolus; 800
      pmol/kg.h, infusion) did not affect the resting contractile pattern of the
      gallbladder, nor did it inhibit cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8)-stimulated
      gallbladder contraction. In contrast, the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide
      (5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), given in vivo, inhibited CCK-8-stimulated
      gallbladder contraction in a dose-related manner. The highest dose of proglumide
      (80 mg/kg) completely abolished contraction of the gallbladder stimulated by CCK
      8. In vitro studies showed that peptide YY (0.25, 0.5, or 1 microgram/ml) did not
      affect the resting tension of rabbit gallbladder strips, and it did not inhibit
      CCK-8-stimulated contraction of gallbladder strips. Proglumide (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or
      3.2 mg/ml) inhibited CCK-8-stimulated tension of gallbladder strips in a dose
      related manner. Peptide YY and CCK-8 had no effect on the motility of the canine
      sphincter of Oddi in vitro, whereas acetylcholine caused contraction and
      adrenergic agonists caused relaxation. These results suggest that peptide YY and
      pancreatone (a peptidelike substance, extracted from ileal and colonic mucosa,
      that inhibits CCK-8-stimulated gallbladder contraction in vivo) do not appear to
      be identical.

PMID- 3360267
TI  - Analysis of nerves in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - We sought to identify characteristics of pancreatic nerves that were altered in
      chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissue removed from patients with chronic
      pancreatitis was analyzed for the number and size of nerves, their association
      with inflammatory infiltrates, and their fine structure. The mean diameter of
      nerves in these patients was significantly greater than in controls, whereas the
      mean area of tissue served per nerve was significantly less than in controls.
      Foci of inflammatory cells, prominent in some specimens, sometimes were
      associated with nerves and ganglia, but inflammatory foci and neural elements
      also existed separately. Invasion of nerve tissue by inflammatory cells was
      observed but was not massive. Ultrastructural changes were detected in nerves.
      Individual nerve fibers showed evidence of damage, and there was evidence of
      edema in the nerve bundle. The perineurial sheath was altered so that it no
      longer provided a barrier between the surrounding connective tissue and the
      internal neural components. The results of this study indicate that nerves are
      preferentially retained while parenchyma degenerates and is replaced by fibrosis
      during chronic pancreatitis, but that they are retained in an altered condition.
      Increased mean diameters of nerves in chronic pancreatitis argues against pain
      being caused by constriction due to fibrosis. It is likely that both sensory and
      motor nerve fibers are affected by this alteration.

PMID- 3360268
TI  - Effects of OKY 046, a thromboxane-synthase inhibitor, on renal function in
      nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites.
AB  - To assess the possible role of increased renal thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis in
      nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis and ascites and to establish the potential
      beneficial effect of inhibitors of renal TXA2 production in this clinical
      setting, we administered OKY 046, a selective TXA2 synthase inhibitor, 200 mg
      t.i.d. for 5 days, to 9 nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and avid
      sodium retention. OKY 046 inhibited platelet TXA2 production, as expressed by
      serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentration, by approximately 85% (p less than
      0.001 vs. baseline values) and reduced urinary TXB2 excretion by 72% (p less than
      0.01). A significant increase of approximately 19% in inulin clearance was
      observed during the treatment (from 61.0 +/- 8.42 to 72.7 +/- 7.45 ml/min, p less
      than 0.05), whereas renal blood flow was unchanged (from 408.50 +/- 19.97 to
      424.50 +/- 30.84 ml/min). Drug administration did not affect positive sodium
      balance [sodium excretion was 4.67 +/- 1.22 mEq/day before drug administration
      and 6.26 +/- 1.05 mEq/day during drug administration (on day 7)], plasma renin
      activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, or the urinary excretion of
      prostaglandin E2, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, or prostaglandin F2 alpha. These
      results suggest that renal TXA2 synthesis contributes to the regulation of renal
      hemodynamics in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and avid sodium
      retention, but it does not seem to affect sodium balance.

PMID- 3360269
TI  - Hepatic and bile porphyrins in patients with protoporphyria and liver failure.
AB  - The livers of patients who have protoporphyria and hepatic failure contain large
      amounts of pigment crystals. Two such patients underwent liver transplantation,
      providing the opportunity to identify the pigment crystals. Portions of liver
      were digested enzymically, sedimented through a sucrose gradient, treated with 1%
      sodium dodecylsulfate, and centrifuged to purify the crystals. Spectrophotometric
      and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated them to be
      composed of protoporphyrin. Bile samples were obtained from the 2 patients, 4
      other patients who did not have liver disease, and 10 control subjects. The
      porphyrin concentrations in bile from the 6 patients were significantly increased
      above controls (range 254-7884 micrograms/dl compared with 11-109 micrograms/dl).
      The ratio of protoporphyrin to bile acid in bile distinguished the 2 patients
      with advanced liver disease (3105 and 2756 micrograms/mmol) from the 4 patients
      without liver disease (range 61-926 micrograms/mmol). Thus, analysis of bile from
      patients with protoporphyria may help in evaluating their hepatobiliary status.

PMID- 3360270
TI  - Randomized comparative study of therapeutic paracentesis with and without
      intravenous albumin in cirrhosis.
AB  - It has recently been shown that repeated large-volume paracentesis associated
      with intravenous albumin infusion is a rapid, effective, and safe therapy of
      ascites in cirrhosis. To investigate whether intravenous albumin infusion is
      necessary in the treatment of cirrhotics with large-volume paracentesis, 105
      patients with tense ascites were randomly allocated into two groups. Fifty-two
      patients (group 1) were treated with paracentesis (4-6 L/day until disappearance
      of ascites) plus intravenous albumin infusion (40 g after each tap), and 53
      (group 2) with paracentesis without albumin infusion. After disappearance of
      ascites, patients were discharged from the hospital with diuretics. Patients
      developing tense ascites during follow-up were treated according to their initial
      schedule. Paracentesis was effective in eliminating the ascites in 50 patients
      from group 1 and in 48 from group 2, with the duration of the hospital stay being
      approximately 11 days in both groups. Paracentesis plus intravenous albumin did
      not induce significant changes in standard renal function tests, plasma renin
      activity, and plasma aldosterone. In contrast, paracentesis without albumin was
      associated with a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen, a marked elevation
      in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, and a significant
      reduction in serum sodium concentration. One patient from group 1 and 11 from
      group 2 developed renal impairment or severe hyponatremia after treatment, or
      both (chi 2 = 9.19; p less than 0.01). The development of these complications
      could not be predicted by clinical and laboratory data before treatment. Although
      the probability of survival after entry into the study was similar in patients
      from both groups, a multivariate analysis identified the development of
      hyponatremia or renal impairment, or both, following the first paracentesis
      treatment and the occurrence of other complications during the first
      hospitalization (encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe infection)
      as being the only independent predictors of mortality. These results indicate
      that intravenous albumin infusion is important in avoiding renal and electrolyte
      complications and activation of endogenous vasoactive systems in cirrhotics with
      ascites who are treated with repeated large-volume paracentesis. The development
      of such complications may impair survival in these patients.

PMID- 3360272
TI  - Use of antidiarrheals in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3360273
TI  - Assessment of variceal patency.

PMID- 3360271
TI  - Colchicine therapy of the renal amyloidosis of ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Two patients with severe proteinuria, due to renal amyloidosis complicating
      chronic ulcerative colitis, improved remarkably with colchicine therapy. One
      patient with an initial daily urine protein excretion of 13.70 g had a reduction
      within 2 mo to 6.50 g and to 0.37 g after 9 yr. The other patient's daily urine
      protein excretion was 9.00 g. This was reduced to 5.10 g/day within 3 mo and was
      0.53 g/day by 8 mo. Renal function remained stable or improved during the period
      of therapy. Colchicine resulted in rapid and prolonged benefit for these
      patients, despite their amyloid-induced nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3360274
TI  - Duodenal bulb acidity.

PMID- 3360275
TI  - [Disorders of iron metabolism in hereditary erythrocyte diseases].

PMID- 3360277
TI  - [Diagnosis of posttransfusion lesions of the liver in patients with hemophilia by
      thermographic study].

PMID- 3360276
TI  - [Effect of protamine sulfate on experimental acute toxigenic DIC syndrome].

PMID- 3360278
TI  - [Ways of perestroika in the work of the Scientific Council on Hematology and
      Transfusions of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 3360279
TI  - [Oxygen supply to the isolated heart during its perfusion with a suspension of
      fresh erythrocytes and erythrocytes stored for 7 days].

PMID- 3360280
TI  - [Effect of vitamin E on morphological changes in erythrocytes of preserved
      blood].

PMID- 3360281
TI  - [Treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using low doses of cytosar].

PMID- 3360282
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma and primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3360283
TI  - [Interdependence of the main factors of the microaggregation process in blood
      transfusion media and its scientific and practical significance].

PMID- 3360284
TI  - Methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity in the gonads and nervous system of two
      insect species: Locusta migratoria and Sarcophaga bullata.
AB  - Methionine(met)-enkephalin immunoreactivity as visualized by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase procedure, is present in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids,
      and young ovarian follicles of Locusta (panoistic type) and Sarcophaga
      (polytrophic type). Follicle cells and mature spermatozoa are always
      immunonegative as are locust vitellogenic follicles. In oocytes and in
      trophocytes, the met-enkephalin-like material first appears around the nucleus
      and is then dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Later, it is present only in the
      periphery. In the ovary of both insects, no immunoreactivity is found with
      antisera against adrenocorticotrophic hormone, melanophore stimulating hormone,
      beta-endorphin, corticotropin releasing factor, or leucine-enkephalin. All these
      antisera yield a positive reaction when applied to the central nervous system as
      does the met-enkephalin antiserum. This study indicates that the met-enkephalin
      like peptide may play a role in reproductive physiology.

PMID- 3360285
TI  - Regulation of plasma antidiuretic hormone in the dehydrated kangaroo rat
      (Dipodomys spectabilis M.).
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma antidiuretic
      hormone (plasma arginine vasopressin, PAVP) concentrations in a conscious desert
      adapted mammal, the banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis; 131 +/-
      2.3 g body mass), during normal hydration and in response to progressive
      dehydration. Simultaneous measurements of PAVP and plasma osmolality (POSM) in
      these experiments permitted determination of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal
      system-osmoreceptor set point and sensitivity to extracellular hyperosmolality
      during dehydration. In normally hydrated kangaroo rats, acclimated to room
      temperature (20-24 degrees) and fed a dry grain diet, POSM and PAVP averaged
      308.6 +/- 0.7 mosmol/kg H2O and 6.0 +/- 0.7 pg/ml (2.2 +/- 0.2 microU/ml),
      respectively (means +/- SE). In separate groups of animals subjected to 48, 96,
      144, or 192 hr of dehydration, POSM and PAVP increased in a parallel linear
      manner with time to maxima of 329.7 +/- 2.4 mosmol/kg H2O and 68.8 +/- 4.4 pg/ml
      (24.9 +/- 1.6 microU/ml), respectively, at 192 hr of dehydration. Thus, a highly
      correlated and significant relationship between POSM and PAVP (r2 = 0.941, P less
      than 0.001) exists in dehydrated kangaroo rats, quantitatively defined by the
      linear regression equation PAVP (pg/ml) = 2.99 (POSM - 306.4), with an apparent
      osmotic threshold for AVP release at a POSM of 306.4 mosmol/kg H2O.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360286
TI  - Stimulation of corticosterone release in the fowl by recombinant DNA-derived
      chicken growth hormone.
AB  - The effects of recombinant DNA-derived chicken growth hormone (rcGH) on plasma
      corticosterone in young broiler cockerels were investigated. A single injection
      of 200 micrograms/kg rcGH significantly increased plasma corticosterone
      concentrations 2 hr (but not 20 or 40 min) after treatment. Administration of 10
      or 100 micrograms/kg rcGH also significantly increased plasma corticosterone
      levels after 2 hr, with the higher dose eliciting greater responses. Chronic
      treatment with seven daily injections of the same doses of rcGH gave similar
      increases in plasma concentrations of corticosterone. No obvious difference in
      magnitude of plasma corticosterone was observed between acute and chronic
      exposure to rcGH. In a further experiment in which serial blood sampling was
      performed after a single injection or five daily injections of vehicle or 200
      micrograms/kg rcGH, there were significant increases in plasma corticosterone
      concentrations 40 min after acute rcGH treatment and 40 and 80 min after chronic
      treatment when compared with plasma corticosterone concentrations of vehicle
      injected controls. However, the increases could have incorporated a stress
      response due to repeated sampling because the control birds also showed elevated
      plasma corticosterone concentrations. The corticosterone response did not
      diminish with repeated GH challenge. These results suggest that GH may play a
      role in the acute regulation of corticosterone secretion in intact chickens.

PMID- 3360287
TI  - Effect of prolactin on transcutaneous Na transport in the Japanese newt, Cynops
      pyrrhogaster.
AB  - The effect of ovine prolactin (PRL) on the electric parameters related to active
      Na transport across the skin was investigated in the Japanese newt, Cynops
      pyrrhogaster. Spring newts living in a pond or stream for breeding and autumn
      newts migrating from water to land for hibernation were collected and used for
      the experiments. Autumn newt skin was found to have a higher transepithelial
      potential difference (TEP) and higher resistances to the active Na current (RNa)
      and to the shunt pathway (RS) than spring newt skin. Injection of PRL, 20
      micrograms/g body wt, into autumn newts every other day for 2 weeks induced an
      increase in RNa, resulting in decreases in TEP and the short-circuit current
      (SCC), but barely changed the skin resistance (RM), the electromotive force of
      the active Na current (ENa), or RS. On the other hand, such injections of PRL
      into spring newts induced decreases in TEP and SCC, but had no effect on RM, ENa,
      RNa, or RS. Autumn newts appear to be more sensitive to PRL than spring newts.
      Insofar as autumn newts are concerned, it is concluded that the effect of PRL is
      probably due to blockade of the Na channel rather than inhibition of Na pump
      activity.

PMID- 3360288
TI  - Identification of hypocalcin (teleocalcin) isolated from trout Stannius
      corpuscles.
AB  - We have isolated and purified a glycoprotein from the corpuscles of Stannius (CS)
      of trout, which we consider hypocalcin (also called teleocalcin), the major
      hypocalcemic hormone of fish. This product is present in relatively large amounts
      in the CS of several species (i.e., European eel, tilapia, goldfish, and carp).
      Hypocalcin is typically released from the CS in response to an experimentally
      induced increase of the blood calcium concentration. Ultrastructural observations
      show that after this treatment the type 1 cells, reportedly the hypocalcin
      producing cell type of the CS, are almost completely degranulated. The isolated
      glycoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 54 kDa as determined by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This molecule appears
      susceptible to breakdown and is recovered upon concanavalin-A affinity
      chromatography as a 41 kDa product. Reducing agents such as mercaptoethanol or
      dithiothreitol employed, e.g., during standard electrophoretic techniques or
      during amino acid sequence analysis, allow only the recovery of 28 or 18 kDa
      products. Evidence is given that the 54 and 41 kDa products are dimer molecules,
      with the 28 and 18 kDa products as their respective monomeric constituents. The
      sequence of the first 33 N-terminal amino acids of these products and the
      composition of the sugar component are presented.

PMID- 3360289
TI  - High-affinity, limited-capacity triiodothyronine-binding sites in nuclei from
      various tissues of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
AB  - High-affinity, limited-capacity 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)-binding sites
      were detected by in vitro saturation analysis in cell nuclei from liver, gill,
      kidney, brain, and erythrocytes (RBC), but not spleen. The sites were extracted
      from the purified nuclei using 0.4 M NaCl and incubated with [125]T3 in the
      presence of 0.2 M NaCl. In all tissues T3 binding approached equilibrium after 18
      to 48 hr of incubation at 4 degrees and was reversible upon addition of excess
      unlabeled T3. The T3 association and dissociation rate constants (k+ and k-) were
      measured from the initial (4 hr) [125I]T3 association and dissociation rates for
      liver (k+ = 8.9 x 10(9) liters.mol-1.hr-1; k- = 0.067 hr-1) and for RBC (k+ = 1.9
      x 10(8) liters.mol-1.hr-1; k- = 0.11 hr-1). The association constants (Ka)
      determined by saturation analysis were similar in all tissues investigated
      (average Ka = 2.8 x 10(9) liters.mol-1), except in RBC (Ka = 1.2 x 10(10)
      liters.mol-1). The Ka values calculated from the k+/k- ratio (1.4 x 10(11)
      liters.mol-1 and 1.8 x 10(9) liters.mol-1 for liver and RBC, respectively)
      differed substantially from those determined by saturation analysis. This
      discrepancy is likely due to nonsaturable T3 binding by coextracted nuclear
      proteins in the assay medium, altering the estimated k+. The maximal binding
      capacity of the nuclear sites varied widely between tissues (liver, 250; gill,
      130; kidney, 63; brain, 30; and RBC, 10 fmol.(mg DNA)-1; spleen, below
      detection).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360290
TI  - In vitro effects of thyroid hormones on gonadotropin-induced estradiol-17 beta
      secretion by ovarian follicles of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.
AB  - Ovarian follicles isolated from rainbow trout during early exogenous
      vitellogenesis were used to study the in vitro effects of thyroid hormones on
      salmon gonadotropin (GtH)-induced estradiol-17 beta (E2) secretion.
      Triiodothyronine (T3) alone did not alter E2 secretion but T3 in the presence of
      GtH (0.5 micrograms/ml) modified E2 secretion according to a biphasic dose
      response curve. Maximum E2 secretion occurred at 1.9 x 10(-8) M T3; a
      concentration of 3.0 x 10(-7) M was inhibitory. T3 was more potent in stimulating
      GtH-induced E2 secretion than thyroxine. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects
      of T3 were consistent over a range of GtH concentrations (0.1-1.0 micrograms/ml).
      Cycloheximide (0.1-10 microM) decreased E2 secretion by GtH-treated follicles in
      a dose-dependent manner, but failed to overcome all the stimulatory effects of
      T3. Time course studies with follicles incubated with GtH, GtH + T3, GtH +
      cycloheximide, or GtH + T3 + cycloheximide indicated that T3 stimulation of GtH
      induced E2 secretion occurs within 6 hr. It is concluded that thyroid hormones
      amplify the effects of GtH on E2 secretion by isolated ovarian follicles; at
      least a part of this effect does not require de novo protein synthesis.

PMID- 3360291
TI  - Steroid profiles of the female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, and correlation
      with oocyte growth and mouthbrooding behavior.
AB  - Plasma levels of progesterone, 17 alpha-OH-progesterone, testosterone, and
      estradiol-17 beta were measured by radioimmunoassay during the ovarian cycles of
      two groups of female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. One group included females
      that successfully mouthbrooded fry, while the other group consisted of females in
      which the zygotes were either removed or swallowed within 1 day after spawning.
      The mouthbrooders had a longer ovarian cycle (about 40 days) and were sampled 1,
      3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days after spawning. The non
      mouthbrooders had an ovarian cycle of about 25 days. They were sampled 3, 5, 7,
      10, 15, 20, and 25 days after spawning. Initial peaks in levels of testosterone,
      estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone occurred later in the cycle of mouthbrooders.
      The first peak of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta occurred at 15 days after
      spawning. While estradiol-17 beta levels remained high, testosterone levels fell
      at 25 days after spawning, and increased again just prior to spawning. In the
      latter phase of mouthbrooding (15-25 days after spawning), the oocytes in the
      ovary did not increase in size, and testosterone and estradiol levels were high.
      During this time, estradiol may have a function other than stimulating
      vitellogenesis, such as an involvement (with testosterone?) in parental behavior,
      or protecting the oocytes from atresia. In non-mouthbrooders, testosterone,
      estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone levels initially peaked at 10 days after
      spawning, then dropped at 15 days after spawning. At the end of the cycle,
      testosterone and estradiol-17 beta levels increased again. The drop in estradiol
      levels is contrary to the profile seen in mouthbrooders. Also in mouthbrooders,
      progesterone levels did not rise until 25 days after spawning, then decreased and
      peaked again towards the end of the cycle. 17 alpha-OH-progesterone
      concentrations were low, with a single peak at 7 days after spawning in non
      mouthbrooders, and at 40 days after spawning in mouthbrooders. There appears to
      be a relationship between the delayed initial peaks of the steroid hormones
      measured, oocyte growth arrestment, and longer-lived postovulatory follicles in
      mouthbrooding female tilapia.

PMID- 3360292
TI  - Presence of iodothyronines in the yolk of the hen's egg.
AB  - Thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (rT3)
      were determined in the yolk and white of the hen's egg and in the oocytes at
      various stages of development. For this purpose we have utilized the property of
      0.08 N NaOH both to dilute the yolk or white and to extract and bind
      iodothyronines by strong alkaline Sephadex G-25. No iodothyronines were detected
      in the egg white. The total levels of T4 and T3/per 100 mg of yolk increased
      gradually with increased weight of oocytes weighing less than 6 g. Above this
      weight, levels of both iodothyronines were stable. The concentrations of T4 and
      T3 ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 ng and 150 to 230 pg/100 mg of yolk, respectively. The
      concentration of rT3 per 100 mg of yolk was independent of the weight of the
      oocytes and ranged between 10 and 100 pg/100 mg. The serum:yolk ratio oscillated
      between 2.62 and 1.15; 1.16 and 0.48; 0.11 and 0.15 in smallest and largest
      oocytes for T4, T3 and rT3, respectively. The perfusion experiment of the ovary
      indicates that all three iodothyronines can enter the ovary. The accumulation of
      iodothyronines by the ovary after 3 hr of incubation was as follows (in
      percentage of total radioactivity): T4, 35.85 +/- 2.94; T3, 26.73 +/- 2.97; rT3,
      27.02 +/- 4.38. The highest accumulation of 125I-labelled iodothyronines per unit
      mass was seen in the oocytes of lowest size. The 3' or 5' deiodination of
      iodothyronines by the ovary, measured in the medium after 3 hr of perfusion, was
      negligible.

PMID- 3360293
TI  - Thyroid hormone resistance in hibernating ground squirrels, Spermophilus
      richardsoni. I. Increased binding of triiodo-L-thyronine and L-thyroxine by serum
      proteins.
AB  - Thyroid function was examined during the annual cycle of Richardson's ground
      squirrel, Spermophilus richardsoni. A number of facets were measured to
      facilitate comparison of thyroid function in active, dormant, and aroused
      animals. This report discusses changes in the serum thyroid hormone and binding
      as assessed by radioimmunoassay, equilibrium dialysis, and competitive binding
      assays. During the hibernation phase (both dormant and aroused), total serum T3
      (trioodo-L-thyronine) and T4 (L-thyroxine) are elevated over active levels, two-
      to fivefold and four- to sixfold, respectively. However, in dormant squirrels,
      both free T3 and free T4 are reduced compared with both active and aroused phases
      of the annual cycle, while in aroused squirrels there is an increase in free T3
      but no change in free T4 compared with active squirrels. The difference between
      changes in total and free thyroid hormone levels in the three groups is due to
      changes in serum binding of thyroid hormone. There is a more than twofold
      increase in the capacity of a saturable T3-binding site in serum of both dormant
      and aroused squirrels, and there is an increase in serum binding affinity at the
      low core temperature of dormant squirrels (6 degrees). Therefore, even though
      serum total T3 and T4 are elevated during dormancy, free T3 and T4 levels are
      reduced to half of the levels in active squirrels as a consequence of increased
      serum binding capacity and affinity. In aroused animals, however, increased serum
      binding capacity only partially buffers the increase in total T3 and T4, so that
      free thyroid hormone levels exceed those of active squirrels.

PMID- 3360294
TI  - Thyroid hormone resistance in hibernating ground squirrels, Spermophilus
      richardsoni. II. Reduction of hepatic nuclear receptors.
AB  - Hepatic nuclear triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) receptors were studied to investigate
      the mechanism of thyroid hormone resistance in Richardson's ground squirrels,
      Spermophilus richardsoni, during the hibernation phase of the annual cycle. The
      cycle is divided into an active phase and a hibernation phase, the latter
      composed of alternating dormancy and arousal bouts. In addition to animals in
      these three states, a group of cold-exposed animals was also examined (those
      animals held at 6 degrees which showed no indications of entering hibernation).
      Binding of T3, to squirrel hepatic nuclei from all groups, was characterized as
      high affinity, Kd ranging from 111 to 267 pM, and low capacity, 50 to 314 fmol
      T3/mg DNA. Based on these data, other criteria examined, and models established
      in the literature for other species, this binding site has been tentatively
      identified as a T3 receptor. Receptor concentrations in nuclei from dormant and
      aroused squirrels were only 15-20% of the concentration in active animals. There
      were no differences in the affinity of the T3 receptor over the annual cycle
      estimated by the in vitro assay at 24-26 degrees. The reduction in nuclear T3
      receptors, together with the previously reported increase in serum binding of
      thyroid hormone, provides an explanation for thyroid hormone resistance during
      the hibernation phase in S. richardsoni.

PMID- 3360295
TI  - Thyroid hormones, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta in plasma of Epomops
      franqueti (Tomes, 1860) (Chiroptera) in the rain forest of the Equator.
AB  - Using Japanese catching nets a total of 77 males and 37 females of the fruit
      eating bat Epomops franqueti (Megachyroptera) were captured during a period of 1
      year around Kisangani (Zaire). Adult males with white epaulets weighing 143 +/-
      3.6 g (18) had their testes present in the scrotum and higher plasma
      concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and testosterone than adult males without
      epaulets and with abdominal testes (weight 107.5 +/- 2.0 g (39)) or juveniles
      (72.7 +/- 2.8 g (20)). Mean embryo weight of pregnant bats was 4.26 +/- 1.09 g
      (12) ranging from 1.8 to 14.8 g whereas body weight of mothers (+ embryos) was
      117.0 +/- 3.6 g (12). Body weight of nonpregnant bats was 107.3 +/- 2.1 (10) and
      of female juveniles 74.6 +/- 4.3 (15). Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine
      (T3) were lowest in nonpregnant adults and comparable in juveniles and pregnant
      bats. No difference in plasma T4 concentrations was found between all groups.
      Estradiol-17 beta concentrations were three times higher in pregnant bats
      compared to nonpregnant ones or juveniles. A possible relationship between these
      high figures and elevated T3 values has been discussed.

PMID- 3360296
TI  - Regional distribution and species variation of prolactin binding sites in the
      brain.
AB  - The binding of 125I-labeled ovine prolactin (125I-oPRL) to membranes from
      different brain regions of pigeon, rabbit, rat, pig, calf, horse, and ewe was
      studied. The hypothalamus from rabbit, pig, horse, and pigeon showed a low but
      specific binding for 125I-oPRL clearly different from the other brain regions
      examined (cortex and cerebellum), whereas in the brain from rat, calf, and ewe
      the binding was very small and quite uniform in the various regions. Also the
      membranes from choroid plexus of rabbit, pig, calf, and horse showed an evident
      specific binding for prolactin. The binding of 125I-oPRL to hypothalamus and
      choroid plexus membranes from rabbit and horse was inhibited in a dose-dependent
      manner by unlabeled oPRL and hGH but not by many other polypeptide hormones.
      Scatchard analysis of the binding revealed the presence of binding sites with low
      capacity and high affinity for ovine ligand.

PMID- 3360297
TI  - In vitro biosynthesis of 17 alpha,20 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pegnen-3-one by
      the ovaries, testes, and head kidneys of the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar.
AB  - Ovaries, testes, and head kidneys of sexually mature Atlantic salmon, Salmo
      salar, biosynthesized 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20
      beta-diOHP) from equimolar amounts of [3H]pregnenolone plus [4-14C]progesterone
      in vitro. The 3H:14C isotope ratios of steroid metabolites indicated that the
      biosynthetic pathways to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP in the testes differed from those
      observed in the ovaries and head kidneys. [4-14C]Progesterone appeared to be the
      principal precursor of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP in the testes, whereas both
      precursors were efficiently biotransformed to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOPH in the
      ovaries and head kidneys. 17 alpha-Hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha-OHP) was the
      immediate precursor to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP in all tissues. However,
      appreciable amounts of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP accumulated in vitro in the testes
      only in the presence of exogenous [14C]progesterone. Incubation of the testes,
      ovaries, and head kidneys with [14C]pregnenolone resulted in high yields of 17
      alpha,20 beta-diOHP in the ovaries and head kidneys but no detectable amounts of
      the steroid in the testes. The results confirm that progesterone is the favored
      precursor to 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP in the testes. The results also suggest that
      the head kidneys may be an excellent cellular source of 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP in
      both male and female. Atlantic salmon and may play an important role in the
      sexual maturation process in this fish. It is suggested that biosynthetic control
      mechanism affecting 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHP synthesis and/or spermiation and
      ovulation may differ in male and female Atlantic salmon.

PMID- 3360298
TI  - The effect of corticosterone on the photoperiodic response of immature hens.
AB  - White Leghorn pullets, 18 weeks of age, were infused with 30 micrograms/hr of
      corticosterone for 14 days. After 7 days of continuous infusion, the pullets were
      photostimulated by transfer from 8L:16D to 16L:8D. Noninfused controls were
      either photostimulated on Day 7 or remained on an 8L:16D photoschedule. Blood
      samples were obtained on 3, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days of infusion and were assayed
      for plasma concentrations of LH, estradiol, and corticosterone by
      radioimmunoassay. On Day 14 all birds were weighed and sacrificed, and the
      ovarian and oviductal weights were recorded. Photostimulation had no effect on
      plasma concentrations of corticosterone. The infusion of corticosterone
      significantly raised the plasma concentration to 5.2 ng/ml, suppressed the photo
      induced rise in plasma concentrations of LH, and resulted in significantly lower
      plasma concentrations of estradiol. After 7 days of photostimulation either with
      or without corticosterone infusion, there were no significant differences in mean
      ovarian weight. The oviducal weight of hens infused with corticosterone was,
      however, significantly lowered. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms
      associated with the antigonadal effect of corticosterone involves an inhibition
      of Gn-RH release by the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3360299
TI  - The influence of short-term 17 beta-estradiol treatment on plasma T3 levels and
      in vitro hepatic T4 5'-monodeiodinase activity in immature rainbow trout, Salmo
      gairdneri.
AB  - To determine the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on aspects of thyroid
      function, immature rainbow trout were intraperitoneally injected with estradiol
      benzoate (0.5 mg/100 g) on Days 0 and 3 and sampled on Days 7 and 12. This
      protocol created plasma E2 concentrations during the first 7 days comparable to
      those during naturally induced vitellogenesis. Control trout received peanut oil
      alone. Plasma levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) were significantly depressed
      on Day 7 but returned to levels by Day 12. Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were not
      altered consistently by E2 treatment. Hepatic microsomal T4 5'-monodeiodinase
      (5'D) activity responsible for conversion of T4 to T3 was significantly depressed
      on Day 7 but returned to control levels by Day 12. Lineweaver-Burke plots showed
      that the lower hepatic 5'D resulted from a 10-fold decrease in Vmax, indicating a
      lower enzyme concentration. A slight reduction in Km was also observed. These
      results confirm that high E2 levels, comparable to those in vitellogenesis,
      depress plasma T3 levels in trout and show that, at least in part, this effect is
      the result of a decrease in the amount of functional hepatic 5'D.

PMID- 3360300
TI  - Interaction of surgical deafening and photoperiod on cloacal gland and testes
      size in Japanese quail.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to further examine the interaction of social
      stimuli and photoperiod on cloacal and gonadal responses in male Japanese quail.
      In experiment 1, adult males kept on a maximal (15L:9D) stimulatory photoperiod
      were surgically deafened and/or visually isolated from roommates. After 6 weeks,
      there were no differences in cloacal gland or testes size among visually isolated
      birds, deafened birds, visually isolated and deafened birds, and control birds.
      It would appear that neither auditory nor visual contact with other males is
      necessary to maintain reproductive activity under a maximal stimulatory
      photoperiod. In Experiment 2, 5-week-old males were surgically deafened and kept
      on either a maximal (15L:9D) or minimal (12L:12D) stimulatory photoperiod for
      about 10 weeks. The rates of cloacal gland growth were significantly slower in
      birds kept on the shorter photoperiod compared to the longer photoperiod and in
      deafened quail compared to intact quail. The difference in cloacal gland size
      between deafened and intact birds was markedly greater on the minimal compared to
      the maximal stimulatory photoperiod. These findings suggest that under a minimal
      stimulatory photoperiod auditory information supplements the photoperiod to
      accelerate reproductive maturation. At a maximal stimulatory photoperiod,
      however, the effects of auditory cues on cloacal gland growth appear masked.

PMID- 3360301
TI  - Biological and cultural sources of familial resemblance in plasma lipids: a
      comparison between North America and Israel--the Lipid Research Clinics Program.
AB  - Heterogeneity in determinants of familial resemblance of lipid and lipoprotein
      levels between populations in North America and Israel was investigated using
      path analysis. A common protocol, identical measurement techniques, and the same
      statistical procedures were used in the two samples. Both genetic (h2) and
      cultural (c2) determinants of inheritance were significant for all lipid
      variables in the two studies. Genetic and cultural heritability of total
      cholesterol (h2 = 0.61, c2 = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (h2 =
      0.59, c2 = 0.02), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (h2 = 0.55, c2 = 0.06)
      did not differ significantly between North America and Israel, while there was a
      significant difference for triglyceride (h2 = 0.41, c2 = 0.07 in North America;
      h2 = 0.61, c2 = 0.05 in Israel). Secondary parameters of the path model
      describing intrafamilial environmental relationships differed between the two
      countries. In particular, there was a higher correlation between marital
      environments in Israel for all traits except triglyceride, and a larger effect of
      father's environment on offspring's environment in Israel for all traits. Within
      both populations, variation of plasma lipids and lipoproteins was mostly
      explained by genetic factors and random unmeasured environmental factors. The
      contribution of common family environment was found to be small, though
      statistically significant. This is probably due to homogeneity of the
      distribution of familial environmental determinants within both countries.

PMID- 3360302
TI  - The effect of nutritional factors on sex hormone levels in male twins.
AB  - Dietary intake has been hypothesized as being associated with several hormonally
      related cancers including prostate, breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer.
      Because diet may affect hormones directly, it is logical to examine the effects
      of dietary factors on hormone production and levels. Therefore, a set of 72 male
      MZ and 83 male DZ twin pairs was ascertained from the Utah birth certificates. A
      quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered and blood samples were
      drawn for hormonal assays. Heritability estimates for hormonal levels were
      calculated indicating a range from no heritability for sex hormone binding
      globulin (SHBG), estrone, and testosterone glucuronide to 70% for androstanediol
      glucuronide and luteinizing hormone. To examine nutritional factors, the
      difference in hormone and SHBG levels between each MZ twin and his co-twin were
      correlated with the difference in nutrient intake. Weight and obesity were
      significantly correlated with plasma testosterone and follicle stimulating
      hormone. Fat intake showed a significant association with testosterone.
      Androstanediol glucuronide, a steroid that reflects tissue formation of
      dihydrotestosterone, was inversely correlated with caloric intake, theobromine
      and caffeine. Testosterone glucuronide exhibited significant correlations with
      calories and vitamin A. This study suggests that dietary intake affects plasma
      sex-steroid levels in men.

PMID- 3360303
TI  - Body image: the dimension of size.
AB  - In view of a dearth of clear data concerning phenomenal body size and the
      shortcomings of the assessment methods, the purpose of the present study was to
      apply a new kinaesthetically based Body Size Estimation method for investigating
      differences in size estimations of 10 body parts by men and women of different
      age groups, comparing them to estimations of a neutral object, and examining
      their interrelations and relations to attitudinal and personality variables. Two
      hundred and forty Israeli subjects, 80 (40 male, 40 female) in each of three age
      groups (4 to 6, 10 to 12, and 28 to 30 years) were administered estimations of
      body and object, figure drawing, and questionnaires in two individual sessions.
      Results showed overestimation of body size in all groups, decreasing regularly
      with age or U-shaped, few gender differences, differences from object
      estimations, a grouping into bodily and facial images, increasing unitariness,
      negative correlations with body cathexis and satisfaction, bodily sophistication,
      and the richness of the self concept and positive correlations with exercise,
      field dependence, and figure drawing distortions.

PMID- 3360304
TI  - The year of the fly.

PMID- 3360305
TI  - hph-1: a mouse mutant with hereditary hyperphenylalaninemia induced by
      ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis.
AB  - Ethylnitrosourea mutagenesis of spermatogonial stem cells and a three-generation
      breeding scheme were used to screen for recessive mutations that cause defects in
      phenylalanine metabolism leading to elevated serum levels of this amino acid.
      This paper describes the isolation of such a mutation, hph-1, causing a heritable
      hyperphenylalaninemia in the neonate and weanling and an inability to effectively
      clear a phenylalanine challenge in the adult. Micro-pedigree analysis of the
      original mutant mouse and data obtained from crosses of affected and unaffected
      animals indicate that the mutation segregates in an autosomal recessive manner.
      An interspecies mouse backcross mapping experiment places the mutant gene locus
      on mouse chromosome 14 very near Np-1 and a backcross experiment with a
      conventional inbred mouse strain involving a nearby locus confirms the chromosome
      14 assignment. The initial symptomatology of the mutant phenotype suggests this
      mutant may represent a useful animal model for the study of hyperphenylalaninemia
      in man.

PMID- 3360306
TI  - G-band position effects on meiotic synapsis and crossing over.
AB  - An examination of synaptic data from a series of X-autosome translocations and
      crossover data from an extensive series of autosome-autosome translocations and
      autosomal inversions in mice has lead to the development of a hypothesis which
      predicts synaptic and recombinational behavior of chromosomal aberrations during
      meiosis. This hypothesis predicts that in heterozygotes for chromosomal
      rearrangements that meiotically align G-light chromatin with G-light chromatin
      lack of homology will be recognized. If homologous synapsis cannot proceed,
      synaptonemal complex formation will cease and there will be no physical
      suppression of crossing over in such rearrangements. However, if a chromosomal
      rearrangement aligns G-light chromatin with G-dark chromatin at the time of
      synapsis, lack of homology will not be recognized and synaptonemal complex
      formation will proceed nonhomologously through the G-dark chromatin. Crossing
      over will be physically suppressed in this region and this suppression of
      crossing over will be confined to the chromosome in which the G-light chromatin
      is nonhomologously synapsed with G-dark chromatin. When G-light chromatin is once
      again aligned with G-light chromatin, lack of homology again will be recognized
      and either homologous synapsis will be reinitiated (as in an inversion loop), or
      will cease altogether (as in some translocations). Unlike the previously
      described "synaptic adjustment", this nonhomologous synapsis of G-light with G
      dark chromatin appears to compete with homologous synapsis during early
      pachynema.

PMID- 3360307
TI  - Estimation of allele frequencies at isoloci.
AB  - In some polyploid animals and plants, pairs of duplicated loci occur that share
      alleles encoding proteins with identical electrophoretic mobilities. Except in
      cases where these "isoloci" are known to be inherited tetrasomically, individual
      genotypes cannot be determined unambiguously, and there is no direct way to
      assign observed variation to a particular locus of the pair. For a pair of
      diallelic isoloci, nine genotypes are possible but only five phenotypes can be
      identified, corresponding to individuals with 0-4 doses of the variant allele. A
      maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used here to identify the set of allele
      frequencies (p, q) at the individual gene loci with the highest probability of
      producing the observed phenotypic distribution. A likelihood ratio test is used
      to generate the asymmetrical confidence intervals around ML estimates.
      Simulations indicate that the standard error of p is typically about twice the
      binomial sampling error associated with single locus allele frequency estimates.
      ML estimates can be used in standard indices of genetic diversity and
      differentiation and in goodness-of-fit tests of genetic hypotheses. The
      noncentral chi 2 distribution is used to evaluate the power of a test of apparent
      heterozygote deficiency that results from attributing all variation to one locus
      when both loci are polymorphic.

PMID- 3360308
TI  - More on the overdispersed molecular clock.

PMID- 3360309
TI  - Nonnarcotic analgesic abuse. A common biopsychosocial problem.
AB  - Abuse of nonnarcotic analgesics is a common but often unsuspected problem that
      can lead to serious physical illness. This paper reviews the epidemiology,
      medical consequences, associated psychiatric problems, relationship to
      psychoactive drug abuse, and treatment of nonnarcotic analgesic abuse, and
      presents an illustrative case.

PMID- 3360310
TI  - Issues in the diagnosis and treatment of adolescents in a general hospital
      inpatient unit.
AB  - The treatment of adolescents in a general hospital setting is fraught with
      difficulty. There are significant limitations to time, space, finances, and the
      physical plant. There are limitations to the numbers, types, mix of patients with
      other patients, and the types of treatment available. To deal with these issues,
      a comprehensive outline of a systems approach to adolescents in a general
      hospital is described, a matrix format for diagnosis is offered, and a matching
      treatment plan is delineated.

PMID- 3360311
TI  - Management of anxiety and panic attacks in immediate care facilities.
AB  - The records of all patients entering the Emergency Department of a large general
      hospital and an adjacent walk-in medical clinic were reviewed for a 4-week
      period. Information was gathered on the assessment and treatment of patients
      given a final diagnosis of anxiety or panic disorder. The majority of patients
      receiving these diagnoses in both settings presented with physical complaints. In
      the Emergency Department, where psychiatric consultation services were available,
      psychiatric appointments were arranged for 80% of patients with anxiety as an
      entrance complaint and none of those with physical entrance complaints.

PMID- 3360312
TI  - Defining the psychiatric role in spastic dysphonia.
AB  - The authors evaluated 11 surgically-treated patients with spastic dysphonia, a
      phonation disorder of unclear etiology. The results indicate that the illness
      does not appear to be a somatoform disorder, but that stress may play a role in
      its expression, and that there may be secondary depression and anxiety. The
      experience of spastic dysphonics suggests that psychiatric treatments may be
      inappropriately applied to an illness without clear organic etiology, whereas,
      conversely, a proper psychiatric role may be rejected when effective medical or
      surgical treatment is available. The authors recommend that psychiatrists
      evaluating patients with illnesses of unclear etiology should be cautious in
      making a primary psychiatric diagnosis unless DSM-III criteria are met.

PMID- 3360313
TI  - Hospitalization effect in acute mania.
AB  - We studied 31 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for bipolar affective disorder,
      manic type. All were treated in hospital, 18 on an open ward and 13 on a
      psychiatric intensive-care unit. Despite the use of only moderate doses of
      medication, dramatic clinical improvement was observed over the first 48 hours of
      treatment using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Beigel Mania Rating Scale
      as objective rating measures. Significantly greater improvement occurred in the
      psychiatric intensive-care unit in comparison to the open ward. We suggest that
      hospitalization effect is of prime importance in the early management of the
      acutely manic patient.

PMID- 3360314
TI  - The depressed patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The case of a 65-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is
      presented to demonstrate the nature of depression in this disease entity. The
      patient responded to the therapeutic environment on a psychiatric ward that was
      comforting to patients with chronic medical illnesses. The use of brief
      psychotherapy and psychopharmacology in patients with emphysema is also reviewed.

PMID- 3360315
TI  - Association of affective disorder with migraine headaches and neurodermatitis.
AB  - Two patients experienced multiple affective episodes that were consistently
      preceded by migraine headaches and neurodermatitis. Evidence is reviewed that
      suggests a possible role for abnormalities of serotonin metabolism for the
      reported association of affective disorder, migraine, and neurodermatitis.

PMID- 3360317
TI  - [Inheritance of liver isocitrate dehydrogenase in the humpback salmon
      Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walb.)].
AB  - Genetic variants of NADP+-dependent soluble isocitrate dehydrogenase (sIDH)
      expressed in pink salmon liver have been studied. The progeny of 16 individual
      crossings has been analysed. It is shown that sIDH in the liver of pink salmon is
      a dimer and is coded for by two duplicated loci, one of which is represented by 3
      alleles (82, 100 and 124) and the other, probably by two (100 and 124). The
      products of the most frequently occurring alleles of these loci are almost
      similar in their electrophoretic mobility. Polypeptides coded for by the alleles
      of both loci combine freely, generating heterodimers.

PMID- 3360316
TI  - Interventions in consultation-liaison psychiatry: the development of a schema and
      a checklist for operationalized interventions.
AB  - A literature review and pilot investigations reveal that (ward-) management
      consultation-liaison (C/L) psychiatry recommendations are infrequent and
      unsystematically used. Furthermore, the communication with the operational group
      as defined by Meyer and Mendelson is not sufficiently activated. The major focus
      of the consultation is the first contact, but follow-up is infrequent. With the
      exception of biologic recommendations and disposition, chart notes by psychiatric
      consultants do not sufficiently specify the actions to be taken by the ward staff
      in a general hospital. A schema for the systematic organization of the
      intervention was developed. A checklist of operationalized C/L interventions is
      reported. This combination provides a tool for the systematic use of strategic
      ward management and discharge recommendations. Its basic structure is currently
      integrated in MICRO CARES [Hammer et al, SCAMC]. The impact on clinical care,
      education, and research is described.

PMID- 3360318
TI  - [Genetic determination of growth processes in the peripubertal period of human
      ontogeny].
AB  - Chronological peculiarities of genetic determination of three factors of physical
      development in different phases of peripubertal stage of human ontogenesis were
      studied. The differences between sexes are explained by the hypothesis of mutual
      "clearing off" of X-linked genes' effects. This hypothesis is confirmed by the
      coincident dynamics of two indices--of additive genetic effects in boys and of
      nonlinear genetic effects in girls. The results point to autonomous nature of
      genetic determination of head's morphological structures, which is more expressed
      in boys. The component partitioning of the phenotype variance of the individual
      scores of linear discriminant functions revealed steady decrease across the
      peripubertal stage in the level of genetic determination of the variability of
      children's belonging to the different age periods. In the whole, the results
      indicate the existence of marked genetic determination of physique's growth and
      development in a stage under study of human ontogenesis.

PMID- 3360319
TI  - [Molecular cytogenetic research on the polymorphism of segments of the
      constitutive heterochromatin in human chromosomes].
AB  - Cloned alpha-satellite DNA sequences were used to evaluate the specificity and
      possible variability of repetitive DNA in constitutive heterochromatin of human
      chromosomes. Five probes of high specificity to individual chromosomes
      (chromosomes 3, 11, 17, 18 and X) were hybridized in situ to metaphase
      chromosomes of different individuals. The stable position of alpha-satellite DNA
      sequences in definite heterochromatic regions of particular chromosomes was
      found. Therefore, the chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA sequences may be
      used as molecular markers for heterochromatic regions of certain human
      chromosomes. The significant interindividual differences in relative copy number
      of alpha-satellite DNA have been detected. The homologous chromosomes of many
      individuals were characterized by cytologically visible heteromorphisms, as shown
      by intensity of hybridization with chromosome-specific alpha-satellite DNA
      sequences. A special analysis of hybridization between homologues with
      morphological differences gives evidence for a high resolution power of in situ
      hybridization technique for evaluation of chromosome heteromorphisms. The
      approaches for detection of heteromorphisms in cases without morphological
      differences between homologues are discussed. The results obtained indicate that
      constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes is variable for amount of alpha
      satellite DNA sequences. In situ hybridization of cloned satellite DNA sequences
      may be used as novel general approach to analysis of chromosome heteromorphisms
      in man.

PMID- 3360320
TI  - [A rare variant of chromosome 1 in the house mouse: the presence of 2
      supernumerary heterochromatin segments].
AB  - An abnormal chromosome 1 with two extra interstitial heterochromatin segments was
      found in the karyotype of a house mouse from the Maritime Territory. Until
      recently, variants of the abnormal chromosome 1 with the only extra C-block were
      known in house mouse of some European populations. Sizes of the abnormal
      chromosome 1 in a house mouse of the Maritime Territory are increased almost by
      50%, in comparison with the normal homologue. C-banding showed that extra
      segments were localized in the area of D and F segments of the standard karyotype
      in house mouse, and stained homogeneously.

PMID- 3360321
TI  - Both basal and ontogenic promoter elements affect the timing and level of
      expression of a sea urchin H1 gene during early embryogenesis.
AB  - Late histone H1-beta mRNA accumulates with the correct ontogenic pattern
      following microinjection of the cloned gene into fertilized sea urchin eggs.
      Sequences upstream of the gene encoding the sea urchin H1-beta protein contain
      both basal and developmentally regulated elements. One late H1-specific activator
      sequence (USE IV) is required for the accumulation of mRNA following the blastula
      stage of development. All late H1 genes also contain a highly conserved GC-rich
      sequence resembling a low-affinity binding site for the mammalian transcription
      factor Sp1 that is required for basal expression of the H1-beta gene at all
      stages of embryogenesis. When this GC-rich sequence (GGGCTG) is converted to a
      perfect core Sp1 sequence (GGGCGG), the H1-beta transcripts accumulate to much
      greater levels and their peak accumulation is shifted to the early blastula stage
      rather than late blastula and gastrula stages of development. Coincidently, early
      H1 genes, whose peak expression is also at the early blastula stage, all contain
      the same core consensus sequence (GGGCGG). Thus, both gene-specific activator
      sequences, as well as sequences that resemble sites for general transcription
      factors, may play a major role in determining the temporal patterns of gene
      expression during early embryogenesis.

PMID- 3360322
TI  - Upstream elements required for efficient transcription of a human U6 RNA gene
      resemble those of U1 and U2 genes even though a different polymerase is used.
AB  - U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by a different polymerase than U1-U5 RNAs,
      likely to be RNA polymerase III. Transcription from human U6 gene deletion
      substitution templates in a HeLa S100 extract delineated the 5' border of a
      control element lying between 67 and 43 bp upstream from the initiation site.
      This region matches the location of, and shows considerable sequence similarity
      with, the proximal control element of U1 and U2 RNA genes, which are transcribed
      by RNA polymerase II. Transfection of human 293 cells with 5'-flanking deletion
      substitution mutants of a U6 maxigene revealed a dominant control element between
      245 and 149 bp upstream of the transcription start site. An octamer motif was
      found in this region in an inverted orientation relative to that of the human U1
      and U2 RNA gene enhancers but in the same orientation as a human U4 RNA gene, the
      transcript of which functions together with U6 RNA in a single small nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle. The human U2 gene enhancer joined to the U6
      maxigene was able to functionally replace the U6 distal control element(s).

PMID- 3360323
TI  - TFIIIA binds with equal affinity to somatic and major oocyte 5S RNA genes.
AB  - Current models for the differential control of expression of Xenopus somatic and
      oocyte 5S RNA genes suggest that an impaired ability to bind TFIIIA contributes
      to the inactivation of oocyte 5S RNA genes in somatic cells. The somatic 5S RNA
      gene is transcribed more efficiently than the major oocyte 5S RNA gene in S-150
      extracts of mature oocytes. However, this differential transcription efficiency
      is not determined simply by the relative affinity for binding of a positive
      transcription factor, TFIIIA. We have compared the abilities of somatic, major
      oocyte, and minor oocyte 5S RNA genes to bind TFIIIA using both a standard
      footprint competition assay and an indirect DNase protection assay. This indirect
      DNase protection assay permits the direct comparison of TFIIIA binding to two
      templates in one reaction. Both assay methods indicate that the major oocyte 5S
      RNA gene and the somatic 5S RNA gene bind TFIIIA with equal affinity. As a
      further control, we have confirmed earlier work indicating that the minor oocyte
      gene binds TFIIIA with a reduced affinity. Binding of TFIIIA to these three 5S
      RNA genes results in a different pattern of protection of each gene. We suggest
      that slight differences in the contacts between TFIIIA and the 5' border of the
      control region influence the ability of additional transcription factors to bind
      to the TFIIIA:5S DNA complex.

PMID- 3360324
TI  - Expression of a collagen gene in mesenchyme lineages of the Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus embryo.
AB  - We have previously described cloning of an exon of a sea urchin collagen gene and
      shown that its expression is temporally regulated during embryogenesis, beginning
      during blastula formation. We have now localized the protein encoded by the gene
      and the sites of its mRNA synthesis in the developing embryo. Antibody to a
      synthetic peptide reacts with a 208,000 Mr protein that is digestible by
      collagenase. Fractionation of pluteus stage embryos demonstrates that the protein
      is localized primarily with cells that form the syncytium of primary mesenchyme
      that elaborates the larval endoskeleton; furthermore, immunofluorescence
      localizes the epitope to the periphery of the endoskeleton in situ. Transcripts
      of the gene accumulate only in mesenchyme cells, especially those of the primary
      mesenchyme lineage. Measurements of absolute transcript abundance show that
      collagen mRNA is present in blastula primary mesenchyme cells at 600-700 copies
      per cell and at about fourfold lower amounts in other mesenchyme cells.

PMID- 3360325
TI  - Temperature-sensitive v-sea transformed erythroblasts: a model system to study
      gene expression during erythroid differentiation.
AB  - The isolation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts1 S13) of
      the avian erythroblastosis virus, S13, is described. The temperature-sensitive
      lesion in ts1 S13 was identified as affecting the tyrosine kinase activity but
      not the plasma membrane localization of the ts1 S13 v-sea gene product.
      Erythroblasts transformed by ts1 S13 can be induced to synchronously
      differentiate into erythrocytes in an erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent fashion.
      Analysis of erythrocyte-specific gene expression in ts1 S13 erythroblasts reveals
      that the transformed, self-renewing erythroblasts obtained at permissive
      temperature already express all erythrocyte genes tested for, although at a low
      level. Upon differentiation induction, expression of erythrocyte-specific genes
      is not coordinately regulated but rather involves complex regulatory mechanisms
      that appear to be specific for the individual genes.

PMID- 3360326
TI  - Expression of human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein genes in cultured cells and in
      transgenic mice.
AB  - The human genome contains three alpha 1-glycoprotein genes (AGP-A, AGP-B, and AGP
      B') encoding for slightly different forms of the protein. The major component of
      human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein found in plasma is coded by AGP-A, which is
      expressed in liver and in hepatoma cell lines and is induced by inflammatory
      stimuli. We have studied the regulation of the cloned AGP-A gene by transfection
      into cell lines of hepatic and nonhepatic origin. Unlike any other liver-specific
      gene investigated so far, every AGP construct tested was expressed with
      comparable efficiency in hepatoma and HeLa cells. In contrast, identical
      constructs in transgenic mice are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are
      regulated by acute-phase stimuli. Transgenic mice carrying the cluster of three
      AGP genes secrete the human protein in the serum, and the corresponding mRNA is
      mainly derived from the AGP-A gene. The mRNA is liver specific, and its
      concentration increases several fold following experimentally induced
      inflammation. Additional transgenic lines carrying only the AGP-A gene showed
      that sufficient information for tissue-specific and regulated expression is
      contained within a 6.6-kb segment comprising the whole coding region plus 1.2-kb
      5'-flanking and 2-kb 3'-flanking DNA.

PMID- 3360327
TI  - What is 'successful' aging?

PMID- 3360328
TI  - Clinical significance of common eye changes in older patients.
AB  - The limbus is often affected by degenerative lesions, many associated with the
      aging process. Some degenerations may cause irritation, discomfort, and poor
      vision, thus requiring ophthalmological treatment, while a few require systemic
      evaluation and treatment. As the limbus is also subject to neoplasms and
      inflammatory processes, any limbal lesion whose identity is less than obvious
      should prompt an ophthalmologic consultation.

PMID- 3360329
TI  - Atypical presentation of geriatric infections.
AB  - Infection is a common problem in elderly patients, the most common infections
      being those in the urinary tract and the respiratory tract. In geriatric
      practice, infection is most frequently seen in combination with many other
      problems. The geriatric presentation is described in which patients may present
      with an increased dependency upon care providers due to the development of fresh
      problems like falls, immobility, confusion, incontinence of urine, and fecal
      impaction with incontinence. It is important to recognize this presentation and
      not to miss the diagnosis. It is well recognized that pneumonia is the most
      frequently missed diagnosis in the elderly. An increase in dependency should not
      be ignored and attributed to old age. The presence of pathophysiological changes
      and organ involvement, together with fever, raised white count, or elevated ESR,
      are strongly supportive of a diagnosis of infection. Once identified, the
      infection can usually be appropriately treated, resulting in significant
      improvement in multiple geriatric problems which these patients suffer from.

PMID- 3360330
TI  - Drugs and the aging brain.
AB  - The aging brain is more sensitive to the potentially deleterious effects of drugs
      used to treat common geriatric disorders. The atypical presentation of medical
      conditions can lead to inaccurate diagnoses and inappropriate drug prescribing.
      Working from a knowledge of general principles of geriatric pharmacokinetics and
      pharmacodynamics, the clinician will be better attuned to the problems of
      prescribing for the elderly, so as to maximize beneficial therapeutic effects
      without compromising mental function.

PMID- 3360332
TI  - Congenital esotropia vs infantile esotropia.
AB  - The term congenital esotropia has been challenged for many years. The basis of
      this challenge is that the deviation is not confirmed connatally. However, the
      term congenital esotropia is valid based on clinical observations and is easily
      separated from other forms of acquired esotropia.

PMID- 3360331
TI  - Inferior oblique inclusion after lateral rectus surgery.
AB  - A retrospective and prospective study evaluated the clinical characteristics of
      patients with inadvertent incorporation of the inferior oblique muscle to the
      lateral rectus muscle after lateral rectus surgery. Nineteen cases were included
      in the study (12 retrospectively in the preceding 18 months and 7 during the
      prospective 5-month period). Thirteen cases with the inferior oblique inclusion
      occurred after a lateral rectus resection and 6 occurred after a lateral rectus
      recession. Most patients demonstrated a vertical deviation in the affected eye
      preoperatively. Nine had hypotropia and 8 had hypertropia. Deficient elevation in
      adduction in all patients was found on motility testing. After reoperation,
      despite freeing the inferior oblique from the lateral rectus, most patients had a
      persistent vertical deviation. Inadvertent inferior oblique inclusion can be
      avoided by inspecting the under surface of the lateral rectus and freeing any
      inferior oblique attachment before reattaching the lateral rectus to the globe
      during either resection or recession.

PMID- 3360333
TI  - Oculomotor disturbances and VER findings in patients with early monocular loss of
      vision.
AB  - Visually evoked potentials (VER) were studied in 16 patients over 3 months of age
      with congenital or very early loss of vision in one eye. Seven patients (group I)
      developed an oculomotor syndrome in the sound eye characterized by jerky
      nystagmus in abduction, adduction fixation preference, and head-turn toward the
      side of the fixating eye. The other nine patients (group II) failed to develop
      the above-described syndrome. In group I, VER response asymmetry was found in six
      cases, with crossed predominance in four and direct predominance in two. The 7th
      patient showed a symmetric response. In group II, eight of the nine patients
      showed symmetric VER responses, and one showed asymmetric response with crossed
      predominance. Recorded VER asymmetries seem to correlate with oculomotor
      disturbances.

PMID- 3360334
TI  - Fusion ability lost and regained in visual adults.
AB  - The case reports are given of two adult patients who lost all fusion ability and
      had the signs and symptoms of central fusion disruption and intractable diplopia.
      Both patients suffered binocular sensory deprivation for several years caused by
      a combination of a traumatic cataract and uncorrected unilateral aphakia. One
      patient had a posterior chamber intraocular lens inserted to correct the aphakia
      and the other patient had a contact lens. Aniseikonia was not appreciated by
      either patient and did not appear to contribute to the fusion problem. Adjustable
      strabismus surgery, in both patients, and prism glasses, in one, enabled
      approximate superimposition of the visual axes. After several months, both
      patients began to develop some fusion with small amplitudes and the vertical
      bobbing typical of central fusion disruption disappeared.

PMID- 3360335
TI  - Dissociated vertical deviation.
AB  - Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a poorly understood vertical deviation
      which may remain latent (compensated) or manifest (decompensated). The deviation
      may be symmetrical or asymmetrical, and small or very large, measuring more than
      20 prism diopters. DVD may occur alone or in combination with a true
      hyperdeviation. Bilateral superior rectus recession of 9-16 ml is effective.
      Asymmetrical DVD is treated with asymmetrical surgery.

PMID- 3360336
TI  - Role of the central field in disparity-induced vergence movements in strabismus.
AB  - Disparity-induced vergence movements (fusional movements) were analyzed in
      esotropic patients by calculating the time required for compensation of a
      prismatic correction of their angle of deviation. The effect of central and
      peripheral field stimulation on these movements was studied by masking the
      central or the peripheral field. Both the center and the periphery were effective
      in triggering disparity-induced vergence movements. The center even seemed to
      prevail over the periphery. It is concluded that in comitant esotropia motor
      fusion is present not only in the periphery but also in the center, if
      appropriately tested.

PMID- 3360337
TI  - Primary infantile-onset esotropia--20 years later.
AB  - Of 286 cases of primary infantile onset esotropia operated upon early, 42 were
      reviewed after 20 years. Four of them achieved normal bifoveal stereoscopic
      vision (40" arc) despite the fact that at review after 3-4 years of age none had
      better stereopsis than 80" arc. Emphasis is laid on three main factors which may
      influence the result of early surgery and on the eventual attainment of normal
      binocularity, i.e. pre-operative alternating occlusion, accurate and repetitive
      muscular surgery, post-operative occlusion until parallelism is achieved in all
      directions of gaze and meticulous follow-up into the mid-teens.

PMID- 3360338
TI  - Form vision deprivation amblyopia: further observations.
AB  - Nine cases of esotropia occurring in deprivation amblyopia, where exotropia
      rather than esotropia is usually found, showed a refractive error of
      hypermetropia. This fact suggested that an accommodative factor is largely
      responsible for the development of esotropia. A- or V-pattern strabismus was
      encountered in a higher incidence in deprivation amblyopia than in ordinary
      strabismus. Pattern-reversal VEP showed more prominent abnormality than flash VEP
      did. Studies of the sensitive period of the visual system revealed that the
      sensitivity is likely to be low for a month or two after birth and increases with
      a peak around the 18th month of age, decreasing thereafter with a waning slope to
      the end of the 8th year of life.

PMID- 3360339
TI  - Anomalous retinal correspondence update.
AB  - For orthoptists and ophthalmologists, anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) is a
      reality and an important finding. But since it has not been found in animals, ARC
      seems to be unknown to neurophysiologists. Comparing results of different
      stereotests, e.g., random-dot stereograms and the two-pencil test, provides some
      insight into different levels of cortical binocular interaction. Patients with
      orthotropia and normal retinal correspondence (NRC) and even those with
      anisometropic amblyopia usually pass random-dot stereograms, whereas strabismic
      patients with ARC, even with microtropia, usually fail. Microtropic patients,
      however, may pass contour stereograms, and, in large esotropic angles, useful,
      daily-life binocular stereopsis can be found with the two-pencil test. Random-dot
      stereopsis suggests that normal binocular interaction must take place in or near
      area 17, where data processing for small dots occurs before form recognition.
      Anomalous correspondence most probably has its seat where the retinal topology is
      not exact, i.e., where the binocular receptive fields are very large and
      encompass the corpus callosum, such as in area 20 or 21. This new hypothesis may
      explain the different forms of ARC according to the clinical entities.

PMID- 3360341
TI  - Superior oblique myectomy and trochlectomy in recurrent superior oblique
      myokymia.
AB  - In patients operated on for superior oblique myokymia with superior oblique
      tenotomy or tenectomy, symptoms of oscillopsia recur in approximately one-half.
      Failure of treatment may be caused by incomplete transection of the tendon or by
      residual attachments and postoperative adhesions between the proximal segment of
      superior oblique tendon and the globe which allow superior oblique muscle
      contractions to be partially transmitted to the globe. We report a patient with
      recurrent symptoms of superior oblique myokymia following superior oblique
      tenectomy who was successfully managed with superior oblique myectomy and
      trochlectomy via an anterior orbital approach.

PMID- 3360340
TI  - Botulinum toxin treatment of acute sixth and third nerve palsy.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with acute sixth nerve palsy and nine patients with acute
      third nerve palsy were treated with botulinum toxin injection to the antagonist,
      nonparalytic horizontal rectus muscle. In a control group of 52 patients with
      acute sixth nerve palsy not treated with botulinum in the acute stage, only 16
      (31%) recovered spontaneously and did not require surgery. Twenty-two of the 31
      surviving patients who could be followed with acute sixth nerve palsy had lateral
      rectus recovery and surgery was avoided. Four required prisms in their glasses to
      obtain fusion. Nine patients developed chronic sixth nerve palsy and required
      surgery. In this group of acute sixth nerve palsy patients, eleven were
      bilateral. Seven of these eleven developed chronic sixth nerve paralysis, and
      required strabismus surgery. This suggests the prognosis for recovery following
      botulinum treatment in cases of acute bilateral sixth nerve palsy is not as good
      as in the unilateral cases. Botulinum toxin treatment does not appear to be
      effective in chronic sixth nerve palsy, as judged by results of treatment in one
      patient known to have a chronic palsy. Nine of nine patients with acute third
      nerve palsy had medial rectus recovery with fusion horizontally in primary gaze.
      None have required surgery. Only four of nine showed improvement in vertical
      rotations. The remaining five patients avoid vertical diplopia by a compensatory
      chin position. Botulinum toxin treatment of patients with acute sixth and third
      nerve palsy appears beneficial. However, since some in this group of patients may
      recover spontaneously, a randomized, double-blind study may be necessary to more
      definitively determine the effectiveness of this therapy.

PMID- 3360342
TI  - Infantile exotropia with homonymous hemianopia: a rare contraindication for
      strabismus surgery.
AB  - A homonymous hemianopia can be compensated by a strabismus in the direction of
      the visual field defect if the deviated eye has a harmonious anomalous
      localization. This compensation is only partial; its extent corresponds to the
      angle of deviation. We report on two patients with a hemianopia to the left.
      Under binocular conditions the visual field defect was reduced by an exotropia of
      the left eye with panoramic vision. Unfortunately, up to now it has not been
      possible to induce such a sensory-motor compensation in cases of homonymous
      hemianopia with normal retinal correspondence in an adult visual system.

PMID- 3360343
TI  - Successful treatment of functional amblyopia associated with juvenile glaucoma.
AB  - Twelve patients with either unilateral or bilateral juvenile glaucoma underwent
      standard amblyopia management for the treatment of suspected functional amblyopia
      secondary to their glaucoma. Despite the presence of glaucomatous cupping or
      corneal changes, the amblyopia therapy was successful in ten patients.

PMID- 3360344
TI  - Stability of visual acuity in amblyopic patients after visual maturity.
AB  - One hundred thirty patients with strabismic amblyopia who underwent full-time
      occlusion therapy (FTO) and were followed through to at least 9 years of age were
      evaluated to determine the stability of visual acuity after visual maturity
      (after 9 years of age). Of these 130 patients, 89 are included in this review. At
      the conclusion of the FTO therapy, 92% (82/89) had attained a visual acuity of
      20/40 or better, 6% (5/89) had attained 20/50-20/100, and 2% (2/89) remained at
      20/200 or less. Of the nine patients in this series in whom patching was
      initiated between the ages of 6 and 9 years of age, a good visual result was seen
      in 89% (8/9), with 63% (5/8) of those attaining 20/20 vision. The final visual
      acuity in this group of patients was taken at an average patient age of 15.9
      years. In 75% of the patients (67/89) there was no change in visual acuity over
      time, while 17% (15/89) showed a one- or two-line decrease, and in 8% (7/89)
      vision dropped more than two lines. Of those patients who had greater than or
      equal to 20/40, 88% (56/64) who had a posttreatment visual acuity of 20/20 showed
      no change at the final evaluation, but only 50% (9/18) of those whose
      posttreatment vision was between 20/25 and 20/40 were stable. In those patients
      who needed part-time occlusion (PTO) to maintain equal visual acuity, their
      stability appeared to be the same as the vision of those whose vision was
      maintained without PTO.

PMID- 3360345
TI  - Low-contrast visual acuity cards in pediatric ophthalmology.
AB  - The usual high-contrast visual acuity chart is well known as the best indicator
      of central visual function. It has the limitation of only testing the high
      frequency, high-contrast sensitive cells in the visual system. Some conditions
      demonstrate a normal response on the standard visual acuity test, but abnormal
      results when testing visual fields or contrast-sensitivity function (CSF). A
      variety of diseases fall into this category (multiple sclerosis, diabetes
      mellitis, glaucoma, CNS tumors in the visual system, etc). The testing of CSF
      permits us not only to vary the size of the target (spatial frequency), but also
      to determine the contrast of the target first visible to the patient. Due to the
      time necessary to conduct the test and the important challenge of obtaining
      consistent subjective responses, contrast-sensitivity testing in children has
      been difficult. Recently, Regan has developed low-contrast visual acuity cards
      similar in format to those used in the Sheridan Gardiner test. Although they do
      not require literacy, correct responses can be immediately verified and the test
      can be carried out within a short period of time. These cards allow testing well
      within the child's limited attention span. In the future it may be possible to
      use this method of testing to detect CSF defects in amblyopia similar to those
      previously reported by Hess and others and to see how these defects are affected
      by standard treatment.

PMID- 3360346
TI  - Unilateral medial rectus resection in the treatment of small-angle exodeviation.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with small-angle constant or intermittent exotropia of up to
      7 degrees, and eight patients with small-angle exophoria of the convergence
      insufficiency type, underwent unilateral medial rectus resection. Of the 34
      patients, 9 were cured, 19 improved and in 6 surgery failed or there was early
      recurrence. Improvement occurred usually in patients who had basic microexotropia
      and in some who had homonymous abnormal retinal correspondence, a factor which
      limited the sensory results. The sensory, motor, and mechanical factors
      influencing the procedure are discussed in detail. The resection technique
      employed is reviewed, demonstrating the advantage of well-controlled results.
      This paper shows that resecting the medial recti is useful, not only in
      convergence insufficiency, but also in related small-angle exodeviations, for
      which a classification is proposed.

PMID- 3360347
TI  - Retinal correspondence in typical accommodative esotropia.
AB  - Typical (refractive) accommodative esotropia is a form of acquired esotropia
      caused primarily by hypermetropia; correction of the hypermetropic refractive
      error with convex lenses generally leads to rehabilitation. A significant number
      of cases clinically diagnosed as typical accommodative esotropia do not, however,
      respond satisfactorily to this form of treatment, suggesting the presence of
      nonrefractive etiological factors. Fifty cases diagnosed by conventional methods
      as typical accommodative esotropia were examined with the fundus haploscope;
      abnormal or subnormal retinal correspondence was discovered in nearly 50% of the
      total. Congenital elements are thought to play a contributory role in these
      cases.

PMID- 3360348
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, euthyroid restrictive Grave's ophthalmopathy, and myasthenia
      gravis. A case report.
AB  - A 53-year-old physician with a 13-year history of multiple sclerosis presented
      with the subacute onset of an atypical, restrictive, euthyroid Grave's
      ophthalmopathy. The hypotropia and monocular upgaze restriction responded to a
      course of systemic and local steroids. Three months later, the patient developed
      ocular and systemic features of myasthenia gravis. This is the second reported
      case of coincident multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and thyroid-related
      disease complex.

PMID- 3360349
TI  - Accommodative esotropia following surgical correction of congenital esotropia,
      frequency and characteristics.
AB  - This study was undertaken to look at the development of accommodative esotropia,
      which occurs following the surgical correction of congenital esotropia. A
      retrospective review was done on all congenital esotropia patients operated on by
      one of the authors from 1974 through mid-1984. The criterion of a minimum of 3
      years postsurgical follow-up was met by 101 patients. Of these patients, 52
      developed accommodative esotropia, 25 within 3 months of surgery and 27 from 3 to
      60 months after surgery. The average preoperative refractive error in the early
      group was +3.90 and +1.95 in the later group. The average time to develop
      accommodative esotropia in this group with later onset was 27 months following
      the initial surgery. It would appear that if the preoperative refractive error is
      +3.00 or more, and especially if the preoperative deviation responds to
      spectacles with a reduction of 15 prism diopters or more, then it is very likely
      that glasses will be required for accommodative esotropia very soon following
      surgery. There appear to be no clues as to which patients will need glasses later
      for accommodative esotropia.

PMID- 3360350
TI  - Congenital nystagmus: a clinical perspective in infancy.
AB  - In a series of 152 patients with congenital nystagmus, 119 had sensory nystagmus
      while 13 had pure motor nystagmus. The most common diagnoses in the sensory group
      were optic nerve hypoplasia. Leber's amaurosis, and oculocutaneous or ocular
      albinism. Eight of the patients in the motor group had a similarly afflicted
      parent. Diagnostic features in infants and preverbal children were reviewed. This
      study supports the continued clinical classification of congenital nystagmus into
      sensory and motor subtypes.

PMID- 3360352
TI  - Form-vision deprivation amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia.
AB  - The treatment program for form-vision deprivation and strabismic amblyopia
      currently followed in our orthoptic clinic is presented. In unilateral congenital
      cataract, a disease that causes form-vision deprivation amblyopia, good vision up
      to 20/20 can be obtained through surgery performed before the patient reaches 8
      weeks of age, employing new surgical techniques such as lentectomy and
      vitrectomy, combined with early aphakic eye correction and occlusion of the
      healthy eye. In strabismic amblyopia, prevention and/or early treatment are very
      important, particularly in cases of unilateral infantile esotropia. Our success
      rate with occlusion therapy was 84.6% using a patch and 83.3% employing atropine
      cycloplegia. Occlusion therapy is monitored with the preferential looking
      technique to prevent the development of occlusion amblyopia. The visual prognosis
      for amblyopia due to unilateral congenital cataract and infantile strabismic
      amblyopia has been improved compared with previous reports. The prognosis for
      binocular function remains poor.

PMID- 3360351
TI  - Rectus muscle position in V-pattern strabismus. A study with coronal computed
      tomography scanning.
AB  - Coronal computerized tomographic (CT) scans were obtained on ten children with
      previously unoperated V-pattern strabismus and ten control patients to determine
      the relationship of rectus muscles to the globe. All patients with V-pattern had
      sufficient overaction of the inferior oblique muscles to warrant bilateral
      surgical weakening. Control patients had no strabismus or isolated horizontal
      deviations without A- or V-patterns. Using a horizontal reference line
      constructed along the anterior cranial fossa, the mean horizontal rectus-muscle
      axes were found to approximate the expected value of 180 degrees closely. The
      vertical rectus muscle axes were excyclotorted in both groups. However, there was
      no significant difference in the mean superior temporal quadrant angles formed by
      the intersection of the horizontal and vertical rectus muscle axes. Analysis of
      covariance with age as the covariant demonstrated a significant relationship (P
      less than 0.01) between age and the superior temporal quadrant angle measured in
      each eye. Our data suggest that apparent rectus muscle malposition identified by
      CT scanning is a function of age and cannot be implicated as an important cause
      of V-pattern strabismus.

PMID- 3360353
TI  - Marginal myotomy of the medial rectus with lateral rectus resection as a
      secondary procedure for esotropia.
AB  - Between 1964 and 1982, 89 marginal myotomies were performed, 70 on the medial
      rectus with lateral rectus resection as a combined secondary procedure for
      esotropia. Successful realignment was attained in 51% of the cases (for both
      distance and near measurements); undercorrection occurred in 34% (either distance
      or near), and overcorrection in 14% (either distance or near). Further operation
      was required in 17%, of which 4% were for overcorrection. Initial postoperative
      alignment was maintained at subsequent follow-up. The degree of change in
      deviation did not correlate with the degree of resection of the lateral rectus or
      the degree of medial rectus myotomy. Marginal myotomy of the medial rectus with
      lateral rectus resection is a useful procedure that should be part of the
      repertoire of all strabismus surgeons.

PMID- 3360354
TI  - Networking in aging: a challenge, model, and evaluation.

PMID- 3360355
TI  - Continuing care retirement communities: an analysis of financial viability and
      health care coverage.

PMID- 3360356
TI  - Age and job satisfaction in human service employment.

PMID- 3360357
TI  - On the establishing of credentials in gerontology.

PMID- 3360359
TI  - Leisure activity participation of elderly individuals with low vision.

PMID- 3360358
TI  - Credentialing and licensing of gerontologists.

PMID- 3360360
TI  - Active and latent functions of grandparenting during the divorce process.

PMID- 3360361
TI  - The meaning and significance of great-grandparenthood.

PMID- 3360362
TI  - Rural versus urban differences in elderly parents' contact with their children.

PMID- 3360363
TI  - States' policies regarding paid family caregiving.

PMID- 3360364
TI  - Access to health care in a black urban elderly population.

PMID- 3360365
TI  - Women with osteoporosis: the role of the family and service community.

PMID- 3360366
TI  - Depression, life events and somatic symptoms.

PMID- 3360367
TI  - House officers' knowledge of geriatric health policy: are the gatekeepers
      learning the rules?

PMID- 3360368
TI  - Who is really at risk of institutionalization?

PMID- 3360369
TI  - A job diagnostic survey of nursing home caregivers: implications for job
      redesign.

PMID- 3360370
TI  - Stockholm's Cafe 84: a unique day program for Jewish survivors of concentration
      camps.

PMID- 3360371
TI  - Volunteer Information Provider Program: a strategy to reach and help rural family
      caregivers.

PMID- 3360372
TI  - Team assessment of geriatric mental patients. (II): Behavioral dynamics and
      psychometric testing in the diagnosis of functional dementia due to hysterical
      behavior.

PMID- 3360373
TI  - New friendships: staff as visitors of nursing home residents.

PMID- 3360374
TI  - On the Lebowitz, Light and Barley article.

PMID- 3360375
TI  - On the Chappell and Blandford article.

PMID- 3360376
TI  - On the Greene and Monahan article.

PMID- 3360378
TI  - On the Pillemer and Finkelhor article.

PMID- 3360377
TI  - On the Eagle, Guyatt, Patterson and Turpie review of day hospitals.

PMID- 3360379
TI  - Quinone formation from benzo[a]pyrene by free radicals: effects of antioxidants.
AB  - Liposomes comprising dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)
      were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of a water-soluble azo initiator.
      B[a]P 1,6-, 3,6- and 6,12-quinone were formed with the generation of peroxyl
      radicals by the thermal decomposition of the initiator in an aqueous phase of the
      suspension. Vitamin E showed little inhibitory effect on B[a]P quinone formation.
      Uric acid was found to suppress B[a]P quinone formation completely at a
      concentration lower than that of vitamin C, indicating that uric acid in an
      aqueous phase traps peroxyl radicals more effectively.

PMID- 3360380
TI  - Pigmentation changes in brevibacteria induced by mutagenic treatment.
AB  - Inducible pigmentation changes were observed in pigmented strains of
      Brevibacterium sp. M27 and B. flavum treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine. The highest frequency of induction was reached already at a
      survival of 30-40% with the maximal yield of 6-10%. As compared with the initial
      yellow colour, three new pigmentation types, viz. white, pink and orange, were
      observed. The yellow pigmented parent strains are most resistant to the lethal
      effects of UV radiation. By selecting pigmented mutants of all types on media
      containing antibiotics it was possible to obtain strains that were resistant
      either to tetracycline or to streptomycin. Auxotrophic pigmented mutants were
      also isolated. In multiple mutant strains of Brevibacterium sp. M27 a number of
      strainsexhibited a changed L-lysine production. In some strains the production
      was variable, whereasother strains did not produce L-lysine at all and stains
      with a limited production of other amino acids were also detected.

PMID- 3360381
TI  - [Preparation of organ-derived drugs: immunotoxicologic aspects].

PMID- 3360382
TI  - [Hemorrhoids in the pathogenesis of proctologic diseases. Is treatment of
      hemorrhoids indicated in other proctologic diseases?].

PMID- 3360383
TI  - [Conservative proctology therapy. Indications and procedures].

PMID- 3360384
TI  - [Emergency measures in diabetic coma. Differentiation between hypoglycemic shock
      and diabetic coma].

PMID- 3360385
TI  - Looking for quality in primary care physicians.

PMID- 3360386
TI  - Health status and medical care utilization.

PMID- 3360388
TI  - Broadening the scope of physician supply projections.

PMID- 3360387
TI  - Consumers and hospital use: the HCFA "death list".

PMID- 3360389
TI  - Envisioning the future health system: a tribute to Wilbur J. Cohen.

PMID- 3360390
TI  - Supply/demand issues for surgical health policy.

PMID- 3360391
TI  - The quality of medical evidence: implications for quality of care.

PMID- 3360392
TI  - Involving consumers in quality of care assessment.

PMID- 3360393
TI  - Defining quality in medical care.

PMID- 3360394
TI  - Current issues in quality of care.

PMID- 3360395
TI  - Measuring surgical quality in Maryland: a model.

PMID- 3360396
TI  - Competition and the pursuit of quality: a conversation with Walter McClure.
      Interview by John K. Iglehart.

PMID- 3360397
TI  - Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in anti-HBe-positive chronic active type B
      hepatitis: molecular and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - The causes of acute clinical exacerbations, and the role of reactivation of
      hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 16 non-cirrhotic patients with chronic active type B
      hepatitis (CAH-B) negative for serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but positive
      for anti-HBE, were studied by molecular hybridization and immunohistochemical
      methods. IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV IgM) and antibody to delta
      agent (anti-delta) were negative in all. HBeAg reappeared transiently in only two
      patients. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels increased during acute
      exacerbations in 14 patients (88%), and decreased after the episode. Cytoplasmic
      hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) expression was found in 9 out of 13 patients
      (69%) during acute exacerbation. By Southern blot hybridization, 5 of 6 (83%)
      liver tissues obtained during clinical exacerbations had free replicative forms
      of HBV DNA. In 20 control patients with no exacerbation, serum HBV DNA, HBcAg
      expression in hepatocytes and free replicative forms of HBV DNA were positive in
      15% (3/20), 10% (2/20) and 25% (2/8), respectively--figures significantly lower
      than those of the group studied. We conclude that acute exacerbations sometimes
      seen in patients with anti-HBe-positive CAH-B in Taiwan are caused mainly by
      reactivation of HBV.

PMID- 3360398
TI  - European Gastro Club, abstracts of the 19th conference. Erlangen, October 16-17,
      1987.

PMID- 3360399
TI  - [Studies on bulimia in 30 cases: some characteristics of clinical symptoms].
AB  - I studied 30 cases of bulimia according to the criteria of DSM-III. The results
      are as follows; 1) The onset of their illness ranged from 15-24 years of age,
      with the average of 18.9. 2) Most of them (26 of 30 cases) had anorexic episodes
      following their voluntary dieting for beauty or by pressure of their life
      situations. Then, after about 1 year on the average, their binge eating appeared.
      3) They often showed bulimic and anorexic episodes alternatively. If self-induced
      vomiting started, the cycle of binge eating and vomiting became more rapid. 4)
      Many of them had depressive symptoms. Some showed various kinds of behavioral
      problems, e.g., suicidal attempt, stealing, drug abuse, etc. 5) They had fear of
      fatness almost unexceptionally. But, rejection of maturity emphasized by some
      psychoanalysts as an important motivation of anorexia nervosa was not observed in
      our cases. 6) It is suggested that abnormal behavioral patterns including binge
      eating, and psychopathological characteristics of "Suchtigkeit" for food in
      bulimic patients, are similar in nature to those of alcoholics.

PMID- 3360400
TI  - [Electron-microscopic observations on pinealocytes in various regions of the
      pineal gland of young and adult mice].
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative electron-microscopic observations were made on
      pinealocytes in various regions of the superficial pineal gland of young (40 days
      old) and adult (100 days old) male dd-mice, which were kept under LD 12:12 and
      killed at various time points over a 24-h period. In young and adult mice,
      nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes of pinealocytes in the distal and middle regions
      were larger than those in the proximal region. Nuclear volumes in the distal
      region and nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes in the proximal region were similar
      between young and adult animals, whereas cytoplasmic volumes in the distal region
      and nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes in the middle region were larger in adults
      than in young animals. In the distal and middle regions, nuclear volumes in young
      animals and nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes in adults exhibited similar 24-h
      variations, but there was no significant 24-h rhythm in cytoplasmic volumes in
      young animals. Nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes in the proximal region were almost
      constant over a 24-h period in young and adult animals. In adults, nuclear and
      cytoplasmic volumes at various time points over a 24-h period were similar
      between central and peripheral areas of the middle region. Thus, regional
      differences in a proximodistal direction may exist in pinealocytes of young and
      adult mice, and that larger pinealocytes in the distal and middle regions may be
      well differentiated, but smaller cells in the proximal region may remain
      undifferentiated, in adult animals. Chromatin was usually dispersed in
      pinealocyte nuclei during the light period, whereas it was often condensed during
      the dark period. Such a rhythm in chromatin occurred in pinealocytes seen
      everywhere throughout the gland of young and adult mice. Thus, the rhythms in
      nuclear and cytoplasmic volumes and chromatin may be controlled by different
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3360401
TI  - [Morphological studies on microtubules in neutrophils of patients with Behcet's
      disease].
AB  - Cytoplasmic microtubules were investigated with two different methods in Behcet's
      disease. First, with an electron microscope, the peripheral blood neutrophils of
      6 patients with Behcet's disease at the exacerbation stage and those of 3 healthy
      controls were examined. The number of microtubules was counted on enlarged
      electron micrographs of the neutrophils. Each electron micrograph was taken at a
      direct magnification of 15,000, so that at least one centriole was contained in
      the photograph. It was enlarged twice the size of the negative and printed. The
      average number of microtubules in the neutrophils of the patients was 4.96 +/-
      2.76 (SD) and 2.36 +/- 1.88 (SD) in the control subjects. This difference was
      statistically highly significant (p less than 0.0005). Secondly, the peripheral
      blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 24 patients and those of 13 healthy
      controls were examined with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The
      distribution and the pattern of the microtubules differed between the patients at
      the exacerbation stage and normal subjects and also between the patients at the
      exacerbation stage and the remission stage. These results suggested that
      microtubules may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of Behcet's
      disease.

PMID- 3360402
TI  - [Effects of cold acclimation and repetitive stress on stress-induced
      neuroendocrine response].
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism (S) involved in improved cold tolerance by
      means of enhanced non-shivering thermogenesis of the repetitively stressed rats,
      noradrenaline (NA) turnover of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and adrenocortical
      responses were investigated. (1) NA turnover of BAT in the cold-acclimated rats
      was greater than that in the resting controls. NA level of BAT in the cold
      acclimated rats decreased to about 40% of the control level. It was thus inferred
      that this lower NA levels was induced by accelerated NA turnover. (2) NA turnover
      of BAT in the stressed rats after repetitive immobilization stress was higher
      than that of the non-stressed controls. Therefore, increased sympathetic activity
      of BAT would be one of the mechanisms of cross adaptation between cold and
      stress. (3) NA turnovers of BAT in the controls, the cold-acclimated rats and
      stressed ones were increased by acute cold exposure (-5 degrees C). NA turnovers
      of BAT in the controls and the stressed rats were increased by acute
      immobilization stress. (4) Plasma corticoids (corticosterone and
      deoxycorticosterone) in the cold-acclimated rats were higher than that of
      controls. Plasma corticoids in the controls, the cold-acclimated rats and
      stressed ones were increased by acute cold exposure (-5 degrees C, 15 min) and
      acute immobilization stress (30 min). The extents of increases in plasma
      corticoids in the stressed rats, but not in the cold-acclimated ones, were
      greater than those in the controls. It was suggested that repetitive
      immobilization stress could enhance nonshivering thermogenesis via an enhanced
      responsiveness of adrenocortical secretion to acute stress and cold. It would be
      concluded from these results that enhanced responses of corticoid secretion and
      accelerated sympathetic activity were associated with the establishment of cross
      adaptation between cold and stress. It was suggested that the extent of
      participation of these factors was not necessarily the same between the cold
      acclimated and the stressed organisms.

PMID- 3360403
TI  - Software crisis: vendor-hospital price wars.

PMID- 3360404
TI  - Intergenerational warfare: is it fact or fancy?

PMID- 3360406
TI  - Know investment strategies, terms for better returns.

PMID- 3360405
TI  - Thrifts' CDs riskier in wake of FSLIC insolvency.

PMID- 3360407
TI  - Economists revisit competition in the health care market.

PMID- 3360408
TI  - Survey highlights improved insurance market.

PMID- 3360409
TI  - New York law delays impact of rate increases.

PMID- 3360410
TI  - Will solvency laws go beyond guaranty funds?

PMID- 3360411
TI  - Swedish takes aggressive stance on contracting.

PMID- 3360413
TI  - Want a good agency? Be a good client!

PMID- 3360412
TI  - Ad agencies gain in health care knowledge.

PMID- 3360414
TI  - Survey: 28% of hospitals have sales staffs.

PMID- 3360415
TI  - New technology that will change key services.

PMID- 3360416
TI  - HMO insolvency: who ends up paying the bills?

PMID- 3360417
TI  - Antitrust lawsuit said to have chilling effect.

PMID- 3360418
TI  - Solve disputes before suing, report suggests.

PMID- 3360419
TI  - PPOs: elements to clinch the business sector.

PMID- 3360420
TI  - Executive planning prevents clinical turf wars.

PMID- 3360422
TI  - Acute care is key to success in elder market.

PMID- 3360421
TI  - Final nod on costly equipment comes from CEO.

PMID- 3360424
TI  - Nursing shortage: are we fighting the last war?

PMID- 3360423
TI  - Optical disk technology: going paperless.

PMID- 3360425
TI  - House panel seeks tougher patient dumping penalties.

PMID- 3360426
TI  - Physicians wary of HCFA's proposed medical standards.

PMID- 3360427
TI  - Nursing homes resist release of consumer guides.

PMID- 3360428
TI  - Ad budgets: separating the good advice from the bad.

PMID- 3360429
TI  - Margins drop, utilization improves in 1987.

PMID- 3360430
TI  - Chicago HMO consolidation: proceeding slowly?

PMID- 3360431
TI  - Nurses: a sound investment for financial stability.

PMID- 3360432
TI  - Cafeteria plans dish out health benefits.

PMID- 3360433
TI  - Are employees opting out or being bought out?

PMID- 3360435
TI  - Physicians to need expertise in elderly care.

PMID- 3360434
TI  - More hospitals open doors to podiatrists.

PMID- 3360436
TI  - Aide shortage limits home health delivery.

PMID- 3360437
TI  - Hospitals must speak with a common voice. Interview by David Holthaus.

PMID- 3360438
TI  - CEO role grows in clinical supply purchasing.

PMID- 3360439
TI  - Purchasing for the elder boom: are you ready?

PMID- 3360440
TI  - Salary gap widens: multi execs earn more.

PMID- 3360441
TI  - More than a nurse shortage in long-term care.

PMID- 3360442
TI  - Managers may compete with computers for jobs.

PMID- 3360443
TI  - Will the public support health care rationing?

PMID- 3360444
TI  - Women CEOs: nursing is not the way to the top.

PMID- 3360446
TI  - Chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated Hodgkin's
      patients. A possible evidence for chromosome instability.
AB  - We describe the presence of a high frequency of spontaneous chromosome
      aberrations in lymphocytes from six untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease.
      The characteristics of the chromosome abnormalities observed suggest the
      existence of a certain degree of chromosome instability in these cases, that
      could be a predisposing factor for the development of malignancies.

PMID- 3360447
TI  - A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G6PD Tsukui) associated with
      congenital hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant associated with chronic
      nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia was found in a 20-year-old Japanese male who
      showed mild hemolysis after an upper respiratory tract infection. The patient had
      been noted to have jaundice and reticulocytosis several times before this
      episode. The enzyme activity of the variant was 1.5% of normal. The enzymatic
      characteristics were slow anodal electrophoretic mobility, high Km G6P, normal Km
      NADP, decreased heat stability, and a normal pH optimum. From these results, the
      enzyme was considered to be a new class 1 variant and was designated G6PD Tsukui.

PMID- 3360445
TI  - Sperm chromosome complements in a 47,XYY man.
AB  - Human sperm chromosomes from a 47,XYY male were examined using the direct method
      of sperm chromosome analysis with two modifications in the semen processing. A
      total of 75 sperm complements was karyotyped and all of these contained one sex
      chromosome. The percentages of X- and Y-bearing sperm were 53% and 47%,
      respectively. There were 10 sperm with autosomal chromosomal abnormalities. The
      frequencies of numerical (4.0%), structural (10.6%), and total (13.3%)
      abnormalities were not significantly different from the frequencies observed in
      normal donors in our laboratory. Our results do not support the suggestion that
      XYY males have an increased risk of aneuploid progeny as a result of secondary
      non-disjunction or interchromosomal effects. They do support the hypothesis that
      one Y chromosome is eliminated in the germ cells of XYY males. However since our
      study provides the first information on sperm chromosomes in an XYY male, further
      studies on other XYY men are required.

PMID- 3360448
TI  - Localization of the human c-kit protooncogene on the q11-q12 region of chromosome
      4.
AB  - Using a 166-nucleotide-long DNA synthetic probe corresponding to the v-kit
      sequence (1458-1623), we have mapped the human c-kit gene to chromosome 4 at the
      q11-q12 band by in situ hybridization on chromosomes from human lymphocyte
      preparations.

PMID- 3360449
TI  - Characterization of a (Y;4) translocation by DNA hybridization.
AB  - A phenotypically normal male with azoospermia was found to have a translocation
      between the short arm of the Y chromosome and the distal long arm of a chromosome
      4. By cytogenetic analysis it could not be determined whether the translocation
      was reciprocal, nor whether it was balanced. In situ DNA hybridization with two
      pseudoautosomal and one Y-specific probe demonstrated that the breakpoint was on
      distal Yp and that there was Y chromosome material on 4q. Thus the translocation
      was reciprocal and could be characterized as t(Y;4)(pll;q32). There was no
      evidence for loss of Y-DNA sequences as judged by Southern blotting with Y-DNA
      probes. Thus the translocation may be balanced. We conclude that DNA
      hybridization can be used to refine considerably the cytogenetic analysis of such
      translocations.

PMID- 3360451
TI  - Improved tracking of limb occlusion pressure for surgical tourniquets.

PMID- 3360450
TI  - Chromosome breakage in control and fragile X subjects using folate-deficient
      culture conditions.

PMID- 3360452
TI  - The electromyogram (EMG) as a control signal for functional neuromuscular
      stimulation--Part I: Autoregressive modeling as a means of EMG signature
      discrimination.

PMID- 3360453
TI  - The electromyogram (EMG) as a control signal for functional neuromuscular
      stimulation--Part II: Practical demonstration of the EMG signature discrimination
      system.

PMID- 3360454
TI  - A model for the acute electrosensitivity of cartilaginous fishes.

PMID- 3360455
TI  - Estimation of temperature distribution inside tissues heated by interstitial RF
      electrode hyperthermia systems.

PMID- 3360457
TI  - Comments on "Adaptive filtering of evoked potentials".

PMID- 3360456
TI  - A video system for measuring motion in contracting heart cells.

PMID- 3360459
TI  - A new collision method for the detection of axonal hazard.

PMID- 3360458
TI  - Use of polyacrylamide as a tissue-equivalent material in the microwave range.

PMID- 3360460
TI  - Addendum to "Interpretation of the coherence function when using pseudorandom
      inputs to identify nonlinear systems".

PMID- 3360461
TI  - Comments on "Efficient transdermal links with coupling-insensitive gain".

PMID- 3360463
TI  - [Schoenlein-Henoch purpura in Borrelia burgdorferi infection].
AB  - In a 24-year-old patient suffering from recurrent purpura Schoenlein-Henoch,
      there were found positive Lyme-spirochete IFT. Due to the motion of titres in
      immune fluorescence examinations the purpura seems to be likely one form of a
      late manifestation in borrelia infection.

PMID- 3360462
TI  - [Schoenlein-Henoch purpura in chronic HBsAG-positive hepatitis].
AB  - We report about a 40-year-old male patient suffering from a recurrent vasculitis
      with purpura since the age of 18. In 1983, a HBsAg-positive chronic active
      hepatitis with circulating immune complexes which contained HBsAg, immunoglobulin
      M and G as well as complement (C) was diagnosed. Serum and liver tissue were
      negative for HBcAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA; there was no evidence
      for HBV replication. HBsAg, IgM and C3 were demonstrable in the arteriolar walls
      of the skin. The results support the concept that complement activating immune
      complexes containing HBsAg and IgM anti HBs play a role in the pathogenesis of
      vasculitis as described here.

PMID- 3360464
TI  - [Preclinical results with 15-deoxyspergualin in experimental graft versus host
      disease].
AB  - The efficacy of 15-deoxyspergualin (15-DS) was tested in two models of
      experimental graft versus host disease (GvHD) in mice. In both models, which lead
      to a hemolytic anemia or to a glomerulonephritis respectively followed by
      subsequent death of the animals, 15-deoxyspergualin showed good therapeutic
      effects.

PMID- 3360465
TI  - [The value of serodiagnosis in the course and treatment of borreliosis].
AB  - Western blot analysis is suitable for following the course of Lyme-borreliosis
      infections. In a study with 16 Lyme-arthritis patients good responses to
      antibiotic treatment were generally observed when IgM antibodies were detectable.

PMID- 3360466
TI  - Binding of antibodies against birch pollen antigens/allergens to various parts of
      apples as studied by immuno-gold electron microscopy.
AB  - The clinically and biochemically observed correlation between birch pollen
      allergy and hypersensitivity to apples was investigated by immunocytochemical
      techniques. For this purpose, apple tissue was fixed in p-formaldehyde and
      embedded in Lowicryl K4M resin at -35 degrees C. Ultrathin sections were cut and
      successively incubated with rabbit antibodies against birch pollen
      antigens/allergens and protein A/gold. Specific antibody binding sites were
      detected throughout the apple fruit (peel, fruit flesh, seed). Control sections
      incubated with normal rabbit IgG antibodies and protein A/gold showed minimal
      background staining. It was concluded from the results of immunocytochemical
      labelling that apple tissue and birch pollen contain similar molecular structures
      which lead to the observed cross-reactions. The present immunocytochemical
      results confirm biochemical investigations reporting partial structural identity
      of antigens/allergens in birch and apple.

PMID- 3360467
TI  - Marginal metallophilic macrophages in the mouse spleen: effects of neonatal
      injections of MOMA-1 antibody on the humoral immune response.
AB  - To investigate the role of the marginal metallophilic macrophages in the humoral
      immune response, mice were injected from birth with the monoclonal antibody MOMA
      1, which reacts specifically with these cells. Multiple injections led to a
      drastic reduction in the number of cells but not to a complete elimination of the
      macrophage subpopulation. In these animals the humoral immune response against a
      Thymus-independent (TI) type 1 antigen was not disturbed but the responses
      against Thymus-dependent (TD) and T1 type 2 antigens were reduced as determined
      by specific antibody forming cells and serum titers. The results are discussed in
      relation to earlier findings that in the adult situation elimination of all
      macrophages in the marginal zone using DMDP encapsulated liposomes led to a
      reduction in the response to only TI type 2 antigens.

PMID- 3360468
TI  - Primary and secondary IgG are equally efficient immunosuppressors in relation to
      antigen binding capacity.
AB  - Secondary, hyperimmune IgG antibodies can suppress the humoral immune response
      against the relevant antigen. Whether IgG antibodies derived from a primary
      antigen response also have this capacity is not clear, although the role of
      primary IgG is of great interest in a physiological situation. In this study we
      compared the in vivo immunosuppressive potential of primary and secondary IgG
      anti-SRBC (sheep erythrocytes) on the primary anti-SRBC PFC response in CBA/Ca
      mice. Both primary and secondary IgG antibodies are potent immunosuppressors
      causing more than 99% specific suppression. Preparations of primary and secondary
      IgG antibodies which, measured by an ELISA method, were shown to bind to SRBC to
      the same extent, also had very similar immunosuppressive potency. This emphasizes
      the strong correlation between the antigen binding and the immunosuppressive
      capacities of IgG antibodies.

PMID- 3360469
TI  - Formulation of a scoring chart for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a prospective
      study.

PMID- 3360470
TI  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy without cholecystectomy for common bile duct stone.

PMID- 3360471
TI  - Management of adult Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 3360472
TI  - Retrograde filling of the right main hepatic vein on percutaneous
      splenoportography.

PMID- 3360473
TI  - Transendoscopic needle aspiration cytology.

PMID- 3360474
TI  - Completeness of vagotomy: sugar and spice or the surgeon's eye?

PMID- 3360475
TI  - Effect of high dose liquid antacids on symptoms and endoscopic and histological
      changes in gastroduodenal mucosa in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 3360476
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: a prospective, randomised trial
      of absolute alcohol versus polidocanol.

PMID- 3360477
TI  - Biliary bacterial flora in surgical patients with biliary tract disease.

PMID- 3360478
TI  - Balloon catheter dilatation of esophageal strictures.

PMID- 3360479
TI  - Multisite intradermal vaccination using tissue culture vaccine as an economical
      prophylactic regimen against rabies.

PMID- 3360480
TI  - Value of aspiration cytology in diagnosis & subtyping of malignant lymphomas.

PMID- 3360481
TI  - Effect of cancer polychemotherapy on gonadal function in Hodgkin's disease in
      adult men.

PMID- 3360482
TI  - Effect of chemotherapy on gonadal function in women with breast cancer.

PMID- 3360483
TI  - Mammography in occult breast cancer.

PMID- 3360484
TI  - Prognostic index potential of urinary sialic acid in carcinoma uterine cervix.

PMID- 3360485
TI  - A diagnostic & prognostic evaluation of serum copper levels in malignancies.

PMID- 3360486
TI  - Isoelectric focusing for measurement of haemoglobin Barts levels in cord blood &
      detection of alpha thalassaemia.

PMID- 3360487
TI  - Evaluation of simplified antipyrine tests in plasma.

PMID- 3360488
TI  - Post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol levels in depressive patients receiving
      electro-convulsive therapy.

PMID- 3360489
TI  - Developmental changes in the surface carbohydrates of filariae.

PMID- 3360490
TI  - A quantitative study of bone marrow using dynamic bone marrow scintigraphy in
      acute leukaemia patients.

PMID- 3360491
TI  - AIDS in 1987: mostly bad news.

PMID- 3360492
TI  - Cytological and immunoglobulin findings in cerebrospinal fluid of symptomatic and
      asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients.
AB  - Immunostimulation in the central nervous system (CNS) measured as abnormal
      intrathecal immunoglobulin production or activated lymphocytes in the
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), was found in 22 of 25 HIV seropositive patients. All
      of 11 patients with symptomatic HIV infection and nine of 14 asymptomatic
      patients had an increased IgG index or a Tourtellotte's production number
      indicating CNS infection. The amount of intrathecal immunoglobulin was not
      correlated to the severity of disease since five of six AIDS patients had only
      slightly elevated values, while some patients without AIDS had a high intrathecal
      immunoglobulin production. Activated lymphocytes and plasma cells in CSF were
      frequently found in symptomatic HIV patients without AIDS as well as in
      asymptomatic HIV seropositive patients. Macrophages and activated monocytes were
      observed in CSF from AIDS patients. The results indicate that HIV has a high
      neurotropicity and is spread to CNS in all stages of the infection.

PMID- 3360493
TI  - Spirochetes isolated from two patients with morphea.

PMID- 3360494
TI  - Eosinophilic meningoradiculitis following cranio-cerebral injury.

PMID- 3360495
TI  - Concentration of ciprofloxacin in human serum, lung and pleural tissues and
      fluids during and after lung surgery.

PMID- 3360496
TI  - Aggravation by morphine and D-aspartic acid of pyelonephritis induced by i.v.
      inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus in rats.
AB  - Experimental pyelonephritis was induced by intravenous inoculation of
      Staphylococcus aureus in homozygous Brattleboro diabetes insipidus (Hom
      Brattleboro DI), heterozygous Brattleboro (Het Brattleboro) and Wistar rats. One
      group of rats from each strain was implanted with morphine-containing pellet
      three days before inoculation. Another series of groups received D-aspartic acid
      (D-ASP) intraperitoneally, starting three days before inoculation throughout the
      experiments. Owing to the inhibition by morphine or D-ASP of food intake, another
      control group from each strain was subjected to food restriction. Pyelonephritis
      development on the tenth day of inoculation was evaluated by the determination of
      viable bacteria in urine and total kidney tissue, and pathomorphological lesions
      in kidney. Hom Brattleboro DI rats appeared more resistant. Morphine or D-ASP
      significantly increased the findings in three strains of rat.

PMID- 3360497
TI  - The role of staphylococcal lectins in human granulocyte stimulation.
AB  - The anti-staphylococcal activity spectrum of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes
      (PMN) is widely ranged. Using chemiluminescence measurements, the opsonin
      independent stimulation of PMNs from eight healthy humans towards two
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains (S 1 and S 35) was investigated. Strain S 1
      was shown to have surface lectins with N-acetylgalactosamine specificity, whereas
      strain S 35 had N-acetyl-neuraminic acid specificity. Three different PMN
      reaction patterns could be demonstrated: PMN stimulation was either sensitive to
      N-acetylgalactosamine-or N-acetylneuraminic acid-blocking, or resistant to both.
      These results point to the importance of lectins for staphylococcal-PMN
      interactions.

PMID- 3360499
TI  - The pediatric airway.

PMID- 3360498
TI  - Ciprofloxacin concentration in the rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous following
      intravenous and subconjunctival administration.
AB  - 12 mg (6 ml) ciprofloxacin were intravenously administered to rabbits. Using high
      pressure-liquid-chromatography the concentration in serum, aqueous humor and
      vitreous were measured after 1, 4, 10 and 24 h. The mean serum levels were 0.698
      mg/l and 0.0425 mg/l after 1 and 10 h, respectively. The drug reached mean levels
      in the aqueous humor of 0.0595 mg/l and 0.0073 mg/l, respectively. Concerning the
      subconjunctival application 1 mg (0.5 ml) ciprofloxacin was injected either
      epibulbar near the limbus corneae or under the conjunctiva of the lower fornix.
      The mean aqueous humor levels were 0.887 mg/l and 0.094 mg/l after 1 and 10 h,
      respectively, following epibulbar injection. In contrast, the "fornix-injection"
      produced mean levels of 0.0267 mg/l and 0.025 mg/l in the aqueous humor after 1
      and 10 h, respectively. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in the vitreous was
      near the detection limit following every method of administration of the drug.
      The importance of differentiating between epibulbar subconjunctival application
      and the injection under the conjunctiva of the fornix is discussed.

PMID- 3360500
TI  - Standards for airway equipment.

PMID- 3360501
TI  - Evolution in the management of acute epiglottitis: a 10-year experience with 242
      children.

PMID- 3360502
TI  - Pierre Robin, micrognathia, and airway obstruction: the dependency of treatment
      on accurate diagnosis.

PMID- 3360503
TI  - Significance of premorbid adjustment and psychotherapy in selected case studies.
AB  - Although psychiatric symptoms are common among elderly individuals, these
      symptoms are seldom treated by psychotherapy. This article proposes a model to
      help explain genesis of psychiatric symptoms in late life. The model, which is
      illustrated by case examples, suggests psychotherapeutic strategies and helps
      define methods of assessing therapeutic outcomes. The model emphasizes the
      importance of losses, premorbid adjustment, and mediating factors in determining
      whether stresses result in adaptation or symptom formation.

PMID- 3360504
TI  - Age, sex, and contact with elderly adults as predictors of knowledge about
      psychological aging.
AB  - Using an instrument developed in the United States to assess students' knowledge
      of mental health in old age, the present study tested 179 Australian
      undergraduates who varied in age, sex, and the frequency of their contact with
      aged people at home, at work, and in the neighborhood. As predicted, women scored
      higher than men and scores rose with age and with contact when age was partialed
      out. Unexpectedly, Australian students averaged two more items correct than the
      American students for whom the test was developed. Implications for teaching are
      considered.

PMID- 3360505
TI  - The fears expressed by elderly men and women: a lifespan approach.
AB  - This article reports one of the first studies of adult fears, specifically in an
      elderly population. Results indicated that older women expressed greater
      fearfulness than older men, a sex differential also observed in children and
      adolescents. When compared to other adult groups, significant differences were
      noted on several categories of fears. The elderly group ranked aging and sickness
      as their foremost fears, although the absolute degree of fearfulness did not
      differ from the comparison groups. Considered with previous investigations, these
      results suggest that some fears may change or intensify over the lifespan, and
      that within each period females report greater fearfulness than males.
      Additionally, this article describes a new entity, "fisity," which accounts for
      the popularity and the intensity of fears in a single measure.

PMID- 3360506
TI  - Adult age differences in solving series problems requiring integration of new and
      old information.
AB  - The ability of young and middle-aged adults to solve series problems was assessed
      with problems connected by either marked or unmarked adjectives. Half the
      participants given each type of problem were instructed to use imagery.
      Information needed to answer memory and inference questions was explicity
      provided, but additional information from semantic memory was needed to answer
      integration questions. Overall, there was no difference between age groups on the
      memory measure, but scores on both integration and inference measures were
      significantly lower for the middle-aged group, a result suggesting a deficit in
      the ability to manipulate items in working memory. Imagery instructions
      facilitated scores of both age groups equally for the integration measure, but
      affected neither memory nor inference scores, indicating that middle-aged adults
      are able to use imagery as a control process as effectively as younger adults,
      and also that imagery is most useful for developing an array. Finally, the only
      effect of adjective type was that marked adjectives significantly improved
      inference scores of middle-aged adults.

PMID- 3360507
TI  - Rating disabilities of older patients by nurses and social workers on geriatric
      health care teams: a research note with implications for further study.
AB  - This article reports the results of an analysis of interprofessional agreements
      between nurses and social workers when rating older patients on their physical
      self-maintenance abilities, mental statuses, and dispositions to social
      interaction with other residents of a home for the aged. The findings showed
      statistically significant intercorrelations of ratings of physical self
      maintenance abilities and mental statuses, but no agreement on disposition to
      interaction. These findings are interpreted for their implications for research
      and practices of nurses and social-workers on geriatric health care teams.

PMID- 3360508
TI  - Bereaved elderly mothers: changes in health, functional activities, family
      cohesion, and psychological well-being.
AB  - Although the death of an adult child is not uncommon, little is known about its
      impact on elderly parents. This study examined changes in health, functional
      activities, family cohesion, and psychological well-being among eighteen bereaved
      elderly mothers. Changes were reported in all areas, but especially striking was
      the high level of psychological distress. The death of an adult child appears to
      have a significant impact on elderly mothers and warrants increased research and
      clinical attention.

PMID- 3360509
TI  - Perceptions of filial responsibility by elderly Filipino widows and their primary
      caregivers.
AB  - This study assessed perceptions of filial responsibility among forty older
      Filipino mothers and their primary caregiver daughters from two urban and two
      rural barangays in the town of Los Banos (39 miles southeast of Manila). Using
      parallel standard structured interview measures, perceptions of filial
      expectations and filial behaviors were gathered across five categories of
      parental support: financial and material aid; personal care; service provision;
      respect; and warmth and affection. Intragenerational comparisons (analyses of
      variance) showed that widows' reports of actual amount of support received
      significantly exceeded their expectations for most forms of aid. In contrast,
      daughters' expectations for level of parental support exceeded their behaviors,
      but only for the more instrumental forms of aid. Intergenerational comparisons (t
      test analyses) revealed that daughters held reliably higher filial expectations
      for almost all forms of support than did their mothers. Comparisons of reports of
      actual support showed intergenerational consensus on the whole. Implications of
      these data for research and intervention in this area are discussed.

PMID- 3360510
TI  - Technical and clinical evaluation of a new polyamide hollow fiber hemofilter for
      CAVH.
AB  - We carried out an in-vivo and in-vitro evaluation of a new polyamide hollow fiber
      hemofilter especially designed to operate under conditions of low pressure and
      low blood flow, such as in continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH). The
      results obtained suggest that this filter is a prototype of a new generation of
      hemofilters especially designed for CAVH. Its low resistance permits its use even
      in patients with severe hypotension. The high blood flows achieved at a given
      pressure reduce the risk of clotting and increase the ultrafiltration rate. When
      an average ultrafiltration of 20-25 ml/min is achieved in 24 hours CAVH becomes
      very efficient, and alternative techniques to increase its efficiency are no
      longer required.

PMID- 3360511
TI  - End-stage renal failure due to multiple myeloma--poor survival on peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - This report describes five subjects with end-stage renal failure due to multiple
      myeloma. All of the patients died within seven months of commencing chronic
      peritoneal dialysis. Complications were frequent during the dialysis period. Our
      experience supports the opinion that patients with multiple myeloma and a high
      tumour cell mass should not be offered dialysis.

PMID- 3360512
TI  - Dialysis-induced hyperkalaemia presenting as profound muscle weakness.

PMID- 3360513
TI  - Prescribing dialysate bicarbonate concentrations for hemodialysis patients.
AB  - A rearranged equation of Sargent and Gotch (1) was used to determine dialysate
      bicarbonate concentrations for hemodialysis patients. Parameters in this equation
      include an estimate of the acid generated by each patient between treatments, an
      estimate for the dialyzer dialysance for bicarbonate, ultrafiltration rate, blood
      flow rate and a targeted mid-dialysis plasma bicarbonate concentration of 25
      mEq/L. Nine patients were studied over a 35 week period to verify this method of
      determining each patient's dialysate bicarbonate concentration. Prescribed
      dialysate bicarbonate concentrations for the nine patients varied from 29 to 38
      mEq/L with five patients having a prescribed value of 35 mEq/L. After a baseline
      period of five weeks, five patients switched from a 37 mEq/L acetate dialysate to
      their prescribed dialysate bicarbonate concentration. Four patients who had
      already been on bicarbonate dialysis at a concentration of 35 mEq/L were dialyzed
      with their prescribed dialysate bicarbonate concentrations. Patients were then
      followed for a study period of 30 weeks. The prescribed dialysate bicarbonate
      concentration resulted in more normal acid/base chemistries for both groups of
      patients. The results also demonstrate that chronic hemodialysis patients require
      individualization of dialysate bicarbonate concentrations.

PMID- 3360514
TI  - Seven-day storage of single donor platelets in polyolefin bags: clinical,
      biochemical, morphological and microbiological evaluation.
AB  - We compared the in vitro and in vivo function of fresh and stored platelet
      concentrates (PCs) collected by an automated continuous-flow blood cell separator
      (CS 3000 Fenwal) in a closed-system apheresis kit in order to evaluate the
      possibility of extending the storage time to seven days with the polyolefin
      container (PL-732). The initial 220 ml platelet volume (5.14 +/- 1.23 x 10(11)
      was divided into two parts. Half was transfused and the other half was stored for
      7 days. All cultured units were negative for bacterial contamination. Mean counts
      for fresh and stored platelets were respectively 2.34 +/- 0.59 and 2.17 +/- 0.50
      X 10(11)/100 ml of PCs (mean recovery 88.7 +/- 11.9%). The pO2 levels were
      maintained during storage (179.9 +/- 30.5 mmHg) but pCO2, pH, LDH, osmolality,
      glucose consumption, bicarbonates, ATP, and osmotic stress values changed
      significantly after 7 days storage. From a clinical point of view, in 14 patients
      receiving a total of 38 PC transfusions no statistically significant change in
      corrected post-transfusional levels was observed between fresh and stored PC.
      Biochemical and morphological data and clinical results suggest that PCs
      collected with CS-3000 blood cell separator in a closed system and stored for 7
      days in polyolefin bags (PL-732) can be satisfactorily employed in clinical
      practice.

PMID- 3360515
TI  - Enrichment of marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells using a blood cell processor.
AB  - A total of 93 bone marrows (BM) from normal donors and patients were processed
      using the IBM-COBE 2991 blood cell washer to produce a concentrated buffy coat
      (BC) for either bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or cryopreservation for
      subsequent autologous BMT. The reduction in volume was 73.3 +/- 8.5% and
      nucleated blood cells (NBC) recovery was 87.1 +/- 9.1% of original marrow. Red
      blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) contamination was reduced 64.5 +/- 10.9% and
      41.2 +/- 24.1%, respectively. Clonogenic activity indicated that the NBC fraction
      was highly enriched in hematopoietic progenitor cells (greater than 100%) as
      assessed in vitro (CFU-GM). Results were not affected by diagnosis, initial
      marrow volume or cell count of the BM suspension. We conclude that this is a
      simple and reproducible method using blood bank, facilities and permits BC
      preparation from BM without significant loss of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

PMID- 3360516
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the kidney in chronic hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3360517
TI  - The decline in coronary mortality and medical care: some additional questions.

PMID- 3360518
TI  - The usefulness of the resting electrocardiogram for characterizing acute Chagas'
      heart disease in the rat.
AB  - The present experiment was undertaken to characterize the resting
      electrocardiogram of rats in the acute stage of experimental T. cruzi infection.
      One-hundred-and-eighty-seven newly-weaned male albino rats were infected
      intraperitoneally with 1000 parasites/g body weight. Thirty-two similar but non
      infected rats served as controls. Groups of eight randomly chosen rats were
      killed on day 8, and on days 15, 18, 22, 25 and 29 after infection. Groups of 8
      control rats were killed on days 8, 15 and 22. Electrocardiographic changes were
      observed in 25 of 48 (52%) infected rats. P wave abnormalities indicating atrial
      chamber dilatation, QRS axis deviation, QRS complex changes compatible with left
      ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial damage, increased PR interval and
      ventricular repolarization alteration were detected in 24, 27, 18, 10, and 6% of
      infected rats, respectively. A mononuclear cell infiltrate and pseudocysts of
      amastigote forms of T. cruzi were found in 91, and 56% of infected animals,
      respectively. The sensitivity and the positive predictive value of the
      electrocardiographic changes were 66, 91, and 96%, respectively. Thus, the
      resting electrocardiogram is a reliable method for detecting myocardial lesions
      in the rat with acute Chagas' heart disease.

PMID- 3360519
TI  - Surgical experience with intracardiac myxomas.
AB  - Eighteen patients underwent surgery for intracardiac myxoma (16 left atrial and 2
      right atrial) during the last 10 years. Seventeen patients had tumour stalk
      attached to the oval fossa. The myxoma was excised along with a cuff of the
      atrial septum, which was reconstructed using a Dacron patch in 15 patients and by
      direct suture in 2 patients. In the remaining case the myxoma was attached to the
      left atrial wall and adjacent atrioventricular junction. There was only one early
      death in a patient who underwent a concomitant lobectomy for lung abscess and one
      late death due to a noncardiac cause. During the follow-up period of 3-96 months
      (average 36 months) all the survivors were in New York Heart Association Class I.
      Scanning electron microscopy of tumour tissue was done in 8 cases. The
      morphological findings did not help in categorizing the tumours into any
      pathological subgroups. Postoperative cardiac catheterization done in 3 patients
      (30-50 months postoperatively) showed return of haemodynamics to normal.
      Echocardiographic studies done postoperatively have not revealed recurrence of
      tumour in any patient. Surgical excision of myxomas is possible with very
      gratifying long-term results.

PMID- 3360520
TI  - Valsalva maneuver: a test of the functional state of cardiac innervation in
      Chagasic myocarditis.
AB  - The ratio between maximal and minimal R-R intervals measured during the Valsalva
      maneuver is an adequate means of studying the functional state of the cardiac
      parasympathetic nervous system. We studied the changes in heart rate evoked
      during the Valsalva maneuver in 49 asymptomatic Chagasic patients with different
      degrees of myocardial involvement. The Chagasic patients were divided in three
      groups. Twelve patients had no evidence of heart disease except for an abnormal
      myocardial biopsy. Sixteen patients had a normal electrocardiogram but revealed
      evidence of localized myocardial damage as shown by left ventricular
      cineangiography. Twenty-one patients had abnormal electrocardiograms and revealed
      multiple areas of abnormal left ventricular wall motion. The Valsalva ratio (mean
      +/- standard error) was 1.62 +/- 0.12 for controls, 1.52 +/- 0.10 for those with
      an abnormal biopsy, 1.48 +/- 0.06 for those with localized myocardial damage, and
      1.31 +/- 0.04 for those with an abnormal electrocardiogram. There were no
      statistically significant differences between the control group (normal sero
      negative subjects) and those patients with normal electrocardiograms. Results in
      those with an abnormal electrocardiogram, however, were statistically different
      (P less than 0.05) from the other groups. These results are in discordance with
      the commonly accepted hypothesis that cardiac parasympathetic denervation causes
      a dilated myocardiopathy in patients with chronic Chagasic myocarditis.

PMID- 3360521
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in patients with angina pectoris and anomalous
      aortic origin of the circumflex coronary artery.
AB  - Anomalous aortic origin of the circumflex coronary artery is the commonest
      coronary artery anomaly. In this study, the significance of anomalous aortic
      origin of the circumflex coronary artery was investigated in seven patients with
      exertional chest pain using exercise thallium scintigraphy. Five patients with
      circumflex coronary arterial disease served as controls. Myocardial perfusion was
      normal in the five patients with a nonstenosed anomalous artery. In these
      patients, exercise heart rate and blood pressure response were normal. Two
      patients with a stenosed anomalous circumflex coronary artery and four of the
      five control patients had posterolateral myocardial perfusion defects. It is
      concluded that anomalous aortic origin of the circumflex coronary artery does not
      cause impairment of myocardial perfusion unless it is the site of significant
      coronary arterial stenosis.

PMID- 3360522
TI  - Cardiac function at rest and during exercise in early and late alcohol
      intoxication.
AB  - Seven healthy men, aged 21 to 30 years, were investigated by radionuclide
      cardiography at rest and during submaximal exercise at heavy (early) and during
      declining (late) alcohol intoxication. Control studies, in which alcohol was
      substituted by an isocaloric, isovolumic drink, were performed on a different
      day. The left ventricular ejection fraction at rest decreased from 59 to 56%
      during early intoxication (serum ethanol 35 +/- 6 mmol/l), whereas no change was
      observed in the ejection fraction during exercise. No significant change was
      recorded in stroke volume after alcohol consumption as opposed to a small
      increase after ingestion of the caloric drink. Plasma noradrenaline
      concentrations were elevated during exercise and early intoxication. During late
      intoxication (serum ethanol 21 +/- 5 mmol/l) the left ventricular ejection
      fraction at rest was increased by 7% compared with the baseline value. At rest
      the heart rate was increased from 68 +/- 7 to 84 +/- 15 beats/min, whereas
      cardiac output had reverted to the baseline value. Plasma noradrenaline at late
      intoxication was increased both at rest and during exercise compared with the
      baseline values. Apart from tachycardia and a reduction in left ventricular
      volumes during late intoxication no alcohol induced hemodynamic changes occurred
      during exercise.

PMID- 3360523
TI  - Doppler ultrasound of normally functioning mechanical mitral and aortic valve
      prostheses.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound flow velocities across clinically normally functioning mitral
      (Bjork-Shiley, Medtronic Hall, Lillehei-Kaster, Duromedic and Starr-Edwards) and
      aortic (Bjork-Shiley, Medtronic Hall, Lillehei-Kaster and Duromedic) valve
      prostheses are described. To enable ease of reference for the echocardiographer
      and to avoid the need for time-consuming calculations of pressure drops and
      effective valve orifice areas, peak flow velocities and, where relevant, pressure
      half times across valves of different types and sizes are tabulated. In the
      mitral position, there was significant negative correlation between peak velocity
      and valve size and between pressure half time and valve size only when a large
      number and a wide range of sizes of a given type of mitral prosthesis was
      studied. Similarly, there was significant negative correlation between peak
      velocity and aortic valve size for Bjork-Shiley and Duromedic valves. Regurgitant
      jets were detected across 18.4% of mitral and 42% of aortic prostheses.

PMID- 3360524
TI  - Peripheral pulmonary vascular and airway abnormalities in adolescents with
      rheumatic mitral stenosis.
AB  - Lung biopsy specimens were taken from 15 adolescents (aged 11-21 years), at the
      time a mitral valvotomy was performed. In addition to quantitative light
      microscopic studies three specimens were also examined by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. In all cases, the pulmonary vascular
      abnormalities were most marked in the capillary bed and in the vessels
      immediately proximal and distal to it. The capillaries showed a marked increase
      in basement membrane material at the blood/gas barrier, and were embedded in
      dense connective tissue within the alveolar walls. Intra-acinar and, to a lesser
      extent, pre- and post-acinar vessels showed an increase in muscularity, severe
      circumferential intimal fibrosis, and abnormally thick and dense adventitial
      connective tissue. The peripheral airways were encased in dense connective
      tissue, which appeared to compress them. Bronchial smooth muscle was increased.
      Six months after the mitral valvotomy was performed, the mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure had fallen from 42 mm Hg to 23 mm Hg. Despite this satisfactory
      haemodynamic result, the long-term effects of small airway compression on the
      growing lung indicate the need for early relief of mitral valve obstruction,
      possibly made easier by the new technique of balloon angioplasty.

PMID- 3360525
TI  - Surgery without angiography for neonates with aortic arch obstruction.
AB  - Traditional diagnostic assessment of the neonate and infant with congenital
      abnormalities of the aorta causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction has
      required catheterization and angiography. However, these patients frequently
      present critically ill and invasive diagnostic procedures may be associated with
      significant risks. Two-dimensional echocardiography has been used for aiding
      diagnosis of aortic arch abnormalities, but there has been little information
      concerning its use as the definitive imaging technique for preoperative
      assessment. We reviewed neonates who required urgent surgery for congenital
      obstruction of the aorta. The diagnosis was made using two-dimensional
      echocardiographic imaging and Doppler techniques for hemodynamic assessment in
      lieu of catheterization and angiography in all. Anatomic detail provided by the
      noninvasive approach was both sensitive and specific in guiding surgery in all
      but one case. We conclude that echocardiography eliminates the need for invasive
      preoperative diagnostic procedures in selected neonates with congenital aortic
      arch obstruction.

PMID- 3360526
TI  - Doppler echocardiography in massive left atrial thrombus before and after
      successful thrombolysis.
AB  - A 65-year-old female, presenting 32 weeks after mitral valve replacement with
      malaise and weight loss, was found to have a massive left atrial thrombus. She
      was treated successfully with streptokinase 1,000,000 units followed by
      anticoagulation with heparin then warfarin. The Doppler ultrasound recordings of
      left ventricular inflow were biphasic on admission but had resumed a normal
      appearance 11 days afterwards when clot retraction had occurred. We suggest that
      thrombolysis should be considered as alternative therapy in patients thought too
      frail for surgery.

PMID- 3360527
TI  - The significance of discontinuity between the aortic and mitral valves in the
      presence of "normally related" arterial trunks.
AB  - We describe a case in which an extensive sub-aortic infundibulum was accompanied
      by a muscular ventricular defect in the presence of a normal relationship of the
      great arteries. First impressions suggested that the ventriculo-arterial
      connexion was concordant, but sectioning the heart showed it to be double outlet
      from the right ventricle. It is important to identify this combination of
      features prior to attempted surgical correction, since the potentially
      restrictive sub-aortic infundibulum may not be visualised if the heart is
      approached surgically from the right ventricle. If unrelieved in the repair
      process, this could leave severe sub-aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3360529
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in left ventricular septal aneurysm.
AB  - The unusual echocardiographic findings are described in a case of congenital
      interventricular septal aneurysm. The aneurysm involved the middle part of the
      interventricular septum and was associated with a cleft of the mitral valve and
      an atrial septal defect but with no evidence of an atrioventricular septal
      defect. There was extensive fibroelastosis of the right ventricle. The patient
      presented with brief runs of ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3360528
TI  - Transtorcular coil embolisation of malformations of the vein of Galen--rapid
      resolution of heart failure in neonates.
AB  - Two children presented with congestive heart failure in the neonatal period due
      to malformations of the vein of Galen. Transtorcular coil embolisation produced
      rapid relief of heart failure. Post-mortem examination showed occlusion of the
      malformation in one child. The other child is clinically normal at seven months.

PMID- 3360530
TI  - Congestive heart failure in thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - Congestive heart failure due to thyrotoxicosis without preexisting heart disease
      is rare. Indeed, the very existence of a thyrotoxic heart disease has been much
      discussed. We describe a 44-year-old woman in whom thyrotoxicosis was found to be
      the sole cause of congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3360531
TI  - Drug abuse and prevention programs in 29 countries.
AB  - In this paper, drug prevention programs in 29 countries are reviewed and
      summarized. The material was gathered from the reports that each country had
      prepared for the World Health Organization project on Guidelines for Drug Abuse
      Prevention. Each report provided a detailed schedule of background data on drug
      abuse and prevention programs in that country. The sophistication of prevention
      programs varies considerably from one country to another and depends on the
      degree and nature of the problem. An analysis of this material indicates that the
      seriousness of the drug problem is well recognized in some countries but not in
      others. In some of the latter countries it is obvious that no real problem
      exists, while in others little is known about the extent of the problem and
      little effort is spent in this area.

PMID- 3360532
TI  - Considerations for survival in program evaluation projects.
AB  - Program evaluation research is presented as an increasingly necessary and
      valuable activity. Some "rules" are presented as a vehicle for the delineation of
      areas of concern that speak to the practical side of conducting this type of
      research.

PMID- 3360533
TI  - The Health Belief Model and entry into alcoholism treatment.
AB  - The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to study alcoholism treatment utilization.
      In-treatment (INT) samples of male and female subjects were compared with male
      and female subjects in two not-in-treatment (NOT) problem-drinker groups on
      variables hypothesized to affect health-related behavior. Only two of the five
      HBM components--perceived severity and cues to action--showed strong, consistent
      relationships with the decision to enter treatment. Women and men in treatment
      had higher perceived illness severity than those not in treatment. The INT sample
      reported a greater number of unusual events (cues to action) during the previous
      month than the NOT group.

PMID- 3360534
TI  - Rationales for the use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs by eighth-grade
      native American and Anglo youth.
AB  - This study examined rationales for alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use among
      Indian and non-Indian youth. Differences were found between reservation Indian
      and rural non-Indian rationales for alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use. A
      majority of both Indian and non-Indian eighth graders indicate that they use
      drugs to enhance positive affective states, for excitement, for parties, to be
      with friends, to relax, and to handle negative affective states including worries
      and nervousness. Indian youth appear to also use drugs to cope with boredom.
      Unlike non-Indian youth, Indian youth have no strong rationales for their use of
      other drugs. Interventions will have to be impactful and pervasive in order to
      counter the many positive and negative rationales associated with drug use.

PMID- 3360535
TI  - Development of problem severity scales for the assessment of adolescent alcohol
      and drug abuse.
AB  - The Chemical Dependency Adolescent Assessment Project was established to develop
      a standardized assessment battery to provide a multidimensional description of
      problems associated with alcohol and drug use by adolescents that can assist in
      the identification, referral, and treatment of adolescent alcohol and drug abuse.
      This paper provides an overview of the development of the portion of the
      assessment battery that addresses problem severity of alcohol and drug abuse.
      Scale construction procedures, scale characteristics, and relationships of scales
      with external variables are discussed.

PMID- 3360536
TI  - Daily marijuana use and problem behaviors among adolescents.
AB  - Previous research by Johnston has shown that high school seniors who are daily
      marijuana users are distinct from the larger population of seniors in a variety
      of ways. This paper focuses on adolescent daily marijuana users. It replicates
      Johnston's work and also qualifies it in an important way. We find that level of
      marijuana use does not make a significant independent contribution to school
      problems when such critical factors as lifetime cigarette smoking, lifetime
      multiple drug use, whether respondent has ever used an illicit drug,
      rebelliousness, and gender, are taken into account. It is concluded that use of
      marijuana is only one element in a large and complex picture of interrelated
      problems and behaviors.

PMID- 3360537
TI  - Cystic fibrosis and physical activity.

PMID- 3360539
TI  - Cystic fibrosis and physical activity: an introduction.
AB  - Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal-recessive disease in the white
      population. Its main symptoms are: recurrent respiratory infections secondary to
      an abnormally thick bronchial mucous secretion, malnutrition caused by pancreatic
      insufficiency, and elevated sweat electrolytes. Progressive deterioration of lung
      functions is the most severe problem, and a premature death is usually due to
      respiratory failure. A comprehensive, very demanding, time-consuming, and
      expensive regimen directed to all manifestations of the disease has considerably
      ameliorated the outcome for these patients. Lately, several reports give evidence
      that physical activity is an essential part of the CF regimen. The observations
      reported in this supplement further support this concept. The implications for
      the individual CF patient and for the CF group are discussed.

PMID- 3360538
TI  - Five-year follow-up of pulmonary function and peak oxygen uptake in 16-year-old
      boys with cystic fibrosis, with special regard to the influence of regular
      physical exercise.
AB  - Eight Norwegian boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) 16 years of age were included in a
      5-year follow-up study. They underwent pulmonary function and bicycle exercise
      tests 2-16 times each. The individual's habitudinal level of physical exercise
      was registered by interviews and training diaries to study whether it could be
      correlated to the developments in lung function, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2),
      and Shwachman score. The boys were characterized by a large interindividual
      variation in both lung function, peak VO2, and Shwachman score at the first test
      in the study. Four boys trained regularly 3-9 h weekly, while the four others had
      no regular exercise. Two of the latter, who also had the lowest Shwachman scores,
      died during the study. The other two in the non-training group deteriorated
      significantly in clinical scores, lung function variables, and peak VO2 during
      the study period of 5 years. The four boys in the training group improved in lung
      function and peak VO2 in accordance with or even better than expected in healthy
      adolescent boys during the same growth period. Even though the material is small,
      and several factors might influence the results, the study indicates that regular
      physical exercise has beneficial long-term effects on lung function, physical
      fitness, and Shwachman score in adolescent CF boys.

PMID- 3360540
TI  - Young patients with cystic fibrosis: attitude toward physical activity and
      influence on physical fitness and spirometric values of a 2-week training course.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to study the attitude toward physical
      activity in young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the influence of 2 weeks
      of training on physical fitness and spirometric values. Two groups of CF patients
      with mean ages of 11 and 15 years, respectively (total of 13 patients, range 9-21
      years), participated in the study. Two healthy control groups with mean ages of
      11 and 14 years, respectively, performed the same tests as the CF patients. The
      CF patients answered questionnaires regarding their attitude toward the
      activities both during the camp and at home and accomplished spirometric and
      exercise tests. The CF childrens' parents were interviewed concerning their
      children's attitude toward physical activity. The attitude toward physical
      activity of the CF children was very positive both during the camps and at home.
      The CF patients had at least as good a motivation for exercise as the healthy
      controls. The physical fitness of the CF patients was reduced, but improved
      during the training period. The spirometric tests were unchanged during the first
      course, but increased significantly during the other camp, even if lung
      physiotherapy was stopped during the training period. The study indicates that CF
      patients can be motivated for physical exercise, even for training for endurance
      and at a high enough level to replace lung physiotherapy, at least for shorter
      periods.

PMID- 3360541
TI  - Effect of daily short bouts of trampoline exercise during 8 weeks on the
      pulmonary function and the maximal oxygen uptake of children with cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Six girls and two boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) 10-13.5 years of age (mean 11.5
      years) participated in a prescribed exercise program on a mini-trampoline,
      maximum 109 min/week, during 8 weeks. The training consisted of three short bouts
      of trampoline exercise. The CF children were divided into two groups. The first
      group was a control as the other group exercised on the trampoline and vice
      versa. Three patients in each group completed the study. Pulmonary and exercise
      tests were performed before and after the exercise/control periods. The pulmonary
      tests (FVC, FEV1, and PEFR) showed minor changes during the exercise period, but
      a slight increase in FVC (P less than 0.05) during the total time of the study
      was found. The two patients with more advanced lung disease improved their
      spirometric results during the training period. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2
      max) improved from 45 to 49 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.025) during the exercise
      period. Trampoline exercise programs are suggested to supply other types of
      training to avoid monotony in the training for CF patients.

PMID- 3360542
TI  - Cystic fibrosis patients running a marathon race.
AB  - This article presents three male marathon runners with cystic fibrosis (CF) who
      successfully completed the New York Marathon 1984 in warm environments in
      6.10.33, 4.42.22, and 4.32.15, respectively. The characteristics of the CF
      patients and their companions as well as a presentation of their runs are given.

PMID- 3360543
TI  - Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to
      incremental maximal exhaustive exercise.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical changes and endocrine
      responses during an incremental maximal bicycle test in three well-trained 18
      year-old patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in three healthy controls.
      Although the blood concentration at rest of the white cell count, haptoglobin,
      phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were somewhat different in the two
      groups, the CF patients had similar biochemical changes in response to the
      exercise compared with the healthy men. The endocrine responses to exercise
      seemed to be different between the two groups with regard to changes in cortisol,
      growth hormone, and testosterone concentrations. The differences, however, were
      probably caused by differences in age, training situation, and psychological
      stress reaction rather than by pathological mechanisms.

PMID- 3360544
TI  - Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to a
      marathon race.
AB  - Biochemical changes and endocrine responses during the New York Marathon (42195
      m) were investigated in three 18-year-old male adolescents with cystic fibrosis
      (CF) and three healthy men who accompanied the CFs during the race. The ambient
      temperature was 20 degrees-28 degrees C and the relative humidity 98%-75% during
      the run. The CF patients, who had Shwachman scores of 60, 85 and 95 completed the
      run without major problems in 6.10, 4.42, and 4.32 h, respectively. Serum
      concentrations of Na and Cl decreased slightly, but the values were still within
      normal range. Na and Cl excretions in the urine decreased to very low levels in
      the CF adolescents during the run. All the other biochemical changes were similar
      to the changes in the controls. Aldosterone concentration increased to a higher
      level and maintained this increase for a longer time after the race in the CFs.
      Testosterone concentration decreased more in the CFs during the race compared
      with the controls. Growth hormone concentration showed individually varying
      changes in response to the exercise. This study demonstrates that patients with
      CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise even in humid and hot
      conditions, without untoward effects. The observed differences in hormonal
      responses to exercise might be explained by differences in age, training status,
      and relative exercise intensity rather than by hormonal or other disturbances in
      CF.

PMID- 3360545
TI  - Fatty acids in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.
AB  - Lipid metabolism was studied in three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (18 years
      old) and three healthy controls (35-40 years old) who completed the New York
      Marathon 1984. Lipase was not detectable in plasma from two of the CF patients,
      but in one CF patient with a functioning pancreas and in the three controls it
      increased during and after the run. Cholesterol concentrations were lower in all
      patients than in the controls. The HDL/total cholesterol ratios increased in all
      runners throughout the observation period, substantially more in the patients
      than in the controls. Triglycerides and glycerol values were similar in the two
      groups. The relative distribution of fatty acids in total plasma, plasma free
      fatty acid fractions, and total red blood cell membranes, at rest, were similar
      to those earlier reported both for the CF patients with pancreatic insufficiency
      and for the controls. Lower relative concentrations of linoleic acid (C18:2n6)
      and higher relative concentrations of C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:3n6, and C20:3n6
      were found in the CF specimens. During and after the race, linoleic acid
      concentration increased and the other fatty acids decreased, giving a more
      normalized pattern in the patients. The fatty acid pattern of the CF patient with
      a functioning pancreas behaved more like the healthy controls. The fatty acid
      pattern of the red cell membrane did not change during or after the run. Although
      the observations are few, it is encouraging that both the HDL/total cholesterol
      ratio and the fatty acid pattern improve in response to prolonged aerobic
      exercise.

PMID- 3360546
TI  - Dopamine and catecholamines in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.
AB  - The excretions of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) metabolites and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were followed before, during, and after a
      marathon race in three patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy
      controls. Moderately increased DOPA excretions in CFs compared with controls
      before, during, and after the race support the idea that there is an altered
      metabolism of DOPA in CF. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, homovanillic acid, and
      vanilmandelic acid were increased in CFs compared with controls mainly during and
      after the race, which might be a reflection of the heavier working intensity that
      the CF patients had in comparison with their healthy controls. 5-HIAA, the
      breakdown product of serotonin, was higher in CFs in comparison with controls
      before and during the run, but equal thereafter. This reflects an ameliorated
      serotonin metabolism after the run.

PMID- 3360547
TI  - Mongolian spots in Chinese children.
AB  - Ninety-two Chinese Canadian newborn infants (49 boys and 43 girls) and 1633
      Chinese Canadian children (819 boys and 814 girls) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
      were examined for the presence of Mongolian spots. Mongolian spots were present
      in all newborns and disappeared slowly until 6 years of age when the rate of
      disappearance increased. At 10 years of age, none were found. The overall
      incidence regardless of age was 58% in boys and 53.3% in girls. The most frequent
      site of involvement was the sacrococcygeal area, followed by the gluteal and
      lumbar areas. Both sides were equally affected. In only 7.8% of boys and 3.3% of
      girls was the involved area greater than 15% of the body surface area. Most
      (63.8% of boys and 67.4% of girls) had less than 5% involved. The color of the
      Mongolian spots varied from gray to grayish blue to grayish black. In general,
      younger children had darker Mongolian spots.

PMID- 3360548
TI  - Incidence of skin disease in rural Jamaica.
AB  - The incidence of skin disease in people seeking health care in rural Jamaica
      during the period January to December 1985 has been studied. Results indicate
      that of 14,179 clinic visits reviewed, 6% involved a primary dermatologic
      diagnosis. Infectious and parasitic diseases predominated, with scabies,
      impetigo, and tinea being the most common diagnoses. Of these, scabies accounted
      for nearly one third of all dermatologic visits. Noninfectious skin disease
      accounted for less than 10% of dermatologic diagnoses, with unclassified eczema
      making up the majority. Undiagnosed skin conditions contributed one third of
      dermatologic visits, with an incidence inversely related to the incidence of
      scabies visits. This relationship suggests that many evaluations of skin
      conditions were based on the exclusion of scabies with no alternative diagnosis.

PMID- 3360549
TI  - Leprosy in young urban children.
AB  - Prevalence among leprosy patients of children in the age group of 0-14 years was
      3.8%, with 9 male preponderance. The children were largely immigrants from the
      endemic neighboring states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. A borderline group formed
      the bulk of the patients. The disease had its onset between ages 5 and 9 in more
      than half the patients. There was a striking contrast between the age at onset
      and that of reporting. Usually, the lesions were multiple. Single lesions were,
      however, present on the exposed parts. Skin-slit-smears were positive in
      borderline borderline (BB), borderline lepromatous (BL), and lepromatous
      lepromatous (LL) only. A good clinicopathologic correlation was apparent in most
      patients.

PMID- 3360550
TI  - Association of lichen planus and lichen nitidus. Treatment with etretinate.

PMID- 3360551
TI  - Reactive perforating collagenosis responsive to PUVA.

PMID- 3360552
TI  - Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans.

PMID- 3360553
TI  - Bilateral chondrodermatitis nodularis antihelicis. An unusual complication of
      cardiac pacemaker insertion.

PMID- 3360554
TI  - Lymphangiectasia. A complication of thoracotomy for bronchial carcinoid.

PMID- 3360556
TI  - Familial generalized perforating granuloma annulare.

PMID- 3360555
TI  - Cutaneous pigmented metastasis from breast carcinoma simulating malignant
      melanoma.

PMID- 3360557
TI  - Trichophyton tonsurans infection in a 9-day-old infant.

PMID- 3360558
TI  - Erythema annulare centrifugum caused by hydrochlorothiazide-induced interstitial
      nephritis.

PMID- 3360559
TI  - Treatment of cutaneous infections. Worldwide experience with ciprofloxacin.
AB  - Oral ciprofloxacin, a new fluorinated 4-quinolone, was evaluated in 795 patients
      with skin and skin structure infections. Ninety-four point one percent of the
      patients treated had clinical success with eradication of almost all of the
      offending bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has good activity against gram-positive
      organisms and excellent activity against gram-negative organisms. Side effects
      were few and not considered significant.

PMID- 3360560
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

PMID- 3360561
TI  - Metabolic effects of isoenergetic nutrient exchange over 24 hours in relation to
      obesity in women.
AB  - Twenty-four hour whole body indirect calorimetry has been used to study the
      effects of feeding, during a sedentary test day, isoenergetic diets which varied
      in fat (3 or 40 per cent of total energy) and carbohydrate (82 or 45 per cent)
      content. Three groups of women were studied: lean, obese and 'post-obese' after
      slimming. Energy expenditure was greater in absolute terms in the obese women.
      Twenty-four hour energy expenditure was lower by only 3-7 per cent when fasting
      compared to that when fed to achieve energy balance. There were no large
      differences in energy expenditure between the two diets or between the groups but
      the thermogenic effect of the high carbohydrate diet was significantly greater
      than that of the high fat diet (5.8 vs 3.5 per cent of energy expenditure: P less
      than 0.01). The post-obese tended to have lower energy expenditure per kg FFM
      than controls when fasting and when high-fat fed, but this pattern was not shown
      by the obese. Sleeping energy expenditure was particularly low in the post-obese
      group when high-fat fed. Dirunal variations in RQ appear to show more marked rise
      in morning RQ from the nocturnal minimum in the obese and post-obese, which might
      be evidence for an energy-saving mechanism through greater availability of stored
      dietary carbohydrate.

PMID- 3360562
TI  - Changes in body mass index in young adults in relation to number of life events
      experienced.
AB  - As part of an extensive longitudinal study, the effect of experiencing few or
      many life events on the development of the body mass index (BMI = weight/height2)
      over periods of 1 year and 2 years was examined in 350 men and 395 women, 20-35
      years of age. Body weight was measured and a life event questionnaire referring
      to the preceding 6 months was completed every 6 months from spring 1981 through
      spring 1984. The change in BMI of subjects who experienced few or many life
      events was compared with the change in BMI of subjects who experienced an
      intermediate number of life events (the intermediate group). During the first
      year of follow-up, several subgroups of men and women who experienced many life
      events showed a gain in body mass. In several subgroups of men who experienced
      few life events a comparable effect occurred. After another year of follow-up
      this gain in body mass had disappeared in almost all subgroups. In the subgroup
      of men that tried to reduce their body weight by dieting during the follow-up
      period, the gain in body mass following few or many life events seemed to be
      permanent. In conclusion, the gain in body mass that may occur following the
      experience of many life events in women, seems to be effectively counterbalanced
      by regulatory mechanisms. In men, however, the experience of few or many life
      events may play a part in the aetiology of overweight.

PMID- 3360563
TI  - Influence of genetic obesity on maternal and fetal serum and lipoprotein lipids
      in swine.
AB  - Serum and lipoprotein lipids were measured in sows and fetuses of a genetically
      obese strain and a lean strain of pigs. Total triglyceride, VLDL-triglyceride and
      free fatty acid concentrations tended to be greater, and VLDL- and HDL
      cholesterol concentrations tended to be lower, in obese sows when compared with
      lean sows. In contrast to lean fetuses, obese fetuses had significantly greater
      concentrations of total cholesterol, total triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride,
      and tended to have greater concentrations of VLDL- and HDL-cholesterol and free
      fatty acids. Distribution of cholesterol between the lipoprotein fractions was
      similar between strains and between sows and fetuses, but distribution of
      triglyceride was significantly influenced by both of these factors. Serum lipid
      patterns of obese pigs were similar to those seen in obese humans, suggesting
      that the pattern is characteristic of obesity in general. Fetal triglyceride
      transport was altered by genetic background, but fundamental differences still
      existed between fetal and maternal lipid profiles. This genetically obese strain
      of swine appears to be a useful model to study the development of abnormal
      lipoprotein metabolism, as well as to study the effect of obesity on the
      relationships between maternal and fetal lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3360564
TI  - An eight-year experience with a very-low-calorie formula diet for control of
      major obesity.
AB  - We have utilized a very-low-calorie formula diet (VLCD) along with
      multidisciplinary group counselling in an attempt to achieve and maintain major
      weight loss in 4026 morbidity obese patients. Using a 420-cal protein supplement
      (Optifast), men lost weight, at an average of 4.6 +/- 0.9 lb/week and women, 3.1
      +/- 1.1 lb/week. Men remained on the VLCD an average of 13.2 weeks, resulting in
      a mean weight loss of 66.0 +/- 8.1 lb; women remained on the fast an average of
      14.1 weeks, with an average loss of 47.3 +/- 4.2 lb. Outcome analysis revealed
      that 25 percent of patients were unable to adapt to this approach, dropping out
      within the first 3 weeks. Of the patients remaining in the program, 68 percent
      lost considerable weight, but did not reach their goal; of this group, recidivism
      was extremely high, with only 5-10 percent maintaining weight loss after 18
      months. Thirty-two percent of the patients successfully attained goal weight; the
      holding rate of this group has been considerably greater, with 30 percent of
      women and 58 percent of men maintaining weight loss (within 10 lbs) for a minimum
      of 18 months. Complications of obesity i.e. hypertension, type II diabetes
      mellitus, and hyperlipidemias were remarkably improved after weight loss.
      Complications of the VLCD including cardiac abnormalities, were minimal. Our 8
      year experience strongly suggests that the VLCD approach using high quality
      protein supplement and multi-disciplinary counselling provides a reasonable
      success rate for achieving and maintaining weight loss in the morbidity obese
      population.

PMID- 3360565
TI  - ICN/WHO joint declaration on AIDS.

PMID- 3360566
TI  - How nurses can influence national policies on AIDS: an American example.
AB  - With their briefcases full of guidance from the London summit on AIDS, health
      ministers are ready to firm up the urgently needed policies on AIDS at home. As
      any new regulation on AIDS also concerns nurses, national nurses' associations
      (NNAs) should ensure that their positions on the issues are also recognized. The
      following article, adapted from a speech given at the ICN Forum on AIDS in
      August, focuses on NNAs as a political pressure group and illustrates a strategy
      that worked.

PMID- 3360567
TI  - Guidelines for nursing management of HIV infection.
AB  - The International Council of Nurses and the World Health Organization have
      jointly developed Guidelines for Nursing Management Relative to HIV Infection. As
      these are now being finalized and not yet approved for release, INR can only
      highlight the contents of this concise, authoritative document, which should
      become an indispensable handbook on AIDS for nurses and other health personnel
      when available.

PMID- 3360568
TI  - AIDS--a woman's concern.

PMID- 3360569
TI  - Experience with intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy for unresectable carcinoma of
      the hepatic hilus.
AB  - An intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy at segment III or segment IV (surgical
      bypass) was performed for 13 unresectable hepatic hilar carcinoma patients after
      reduction of jaundice. Compared with the result of external biliary drainage
      alone, the 30-day mortality rate was 1/13 in the surgical bypass group and 4/12
      in the external biliary drainage group. The incidence of postoperative
      cholangitis in each group was 3/13, 6/17 and the mean survival rate was 155 days,
      96 days. It was concluded that intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy for unresectable
      hepatic hilar carcinoma, contributed to a temporary return to normal life, gave
      better results than external biliary drainage.

PMID- 3360570
TI  - An experimental and clinical study of immunocompetence and immunostimulation in
      breast cancer.
AB  - Two hundred and seven patients aged from 37 to 65 years with noninflammatory
      breast cancer treated by surgery without radiation were studied over a ten year
      period with a view to forecasting the prognosis on the basis of the immune status
      and treatment. The immunocompetence or immune status was studied in 121 patients
      by in vitro and in vivo pre and post-surgical skin tests. The immunostimulation
      or restoration of the immune status was conducted by the P 40 immunomodulator
      from the Pasteur Institute: in an experimental study whose results are based on
      modified Huggins model and take in to account the survival rate and the
      evaluation of tumor growth; in a subgroup of 86 patients, demonstrating that
      immunostimulation is effective in low-scores, improves tolerance to chemotherapy
      and increases the six year survival rate in high risk low-score patients. The
      results are encouraging enough to propose improving the survival rate in a
      prospective clinical study of early breast cancer treated by local and regional
      means using a protocol incorporating an immunostimulation based on the existing
      immunocompetence with interferon-induced reconversion of the target cells in the
      hope of specific stimulation.

PMID- 3360571
TI  - Surgical treatment of metachronous colorectal cancers.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with metachronous colorectal cancer who underwent surgical
      procedures at the First and Fourth Department of Surgery of the University of
      Rome were reviewed. 55.9% of the patients developed a second carcinoma within
      five years after the first operation, and the time interval for the entire group
      ranged from 13 to 228 months. Adenomatous polyps occurred in 14 patients. Two
      patients developed a third metachronous cancer. We followed up eight patients
      using colonoscopy regularly. In this group we found two early cancers, five
      submucosal cancers and only one advanced tumor. In the other group we found 16
      advanced cancers and ten submucosal cancer. The curability rate at second
      operation was 88.2%, and at the third 50%. The management of metachronous tumors
      should imply total colonoscopy, at a mean interval of 12-18 months.

PMID- 3360572
TI  - Double stapling technique for low colorectal anastomoses after anterior resection
      for rectal cancer.
AB  - A group of 26 patients submitted to anterior colorectal resections for carcinoma
      is reported: all of the anastomoses were performed using the so-called "Double
      Stapling Technique" (DST), first introduced by Knight and Griffen in 1980. The
      technical results are discussed, in the light of recent reports. "DST" offers
      clear advantages, over both traditional hand-stitched and end-to-end stapled
      anastomosis. This procedure is considered cost-effective and time-saving and
      offers lower intra-operative risks. It permits optimal sterility of the operative
      field and lower risk of neoplastic spreading. Furthermore it eliminates some
      technical problems such as the preparation of the distal purse-string suture and
      the inequality between the two intestinal stumps to be anastomosed.

PMID- 3360573
TI  - Stapled sutures in digestive tract surgery.
AB  - A six-year experience with mechanical sutures in digestive tract surgery is
      reported. Forty-nine esophageal resections during azygo-portal disconnection were
      performed since 1979 up to June 1986. Four patients died in the early
      postoperative course with no evidence of suture-related complication. One patient
      developed an anastomotic stricture (2.2%), which was successfully dilated. Fifty
      three total gastrectomies with stapled reconstruction were performed between 1980
      and June 1986. Two patients died soon after surgery for reasons unrelated to the
      suturing technique. Two strictures of the esophagojejunal anastomosis (3.9%)
      occurred two to three months after surgery and underwent successful dilation. One
      esophagojejunostomy (1.9%) leaked and one (1.9%) underwent uneventful remedial
      surgery (conversion of an omega-shaped loop to a Roux-en-Y procedure). Ten
      isoperistaltic jejunal interpositions, six Billroth I partial gastrectomies and
      14 Roux-en-Y loops for hepatico- or pseudo-cystojejunostomy were performed since
      1983 up to June 1986 in the absence of any operative morbidity or mortality.
      Twenty-three right colectomies were performed from 1983 to June 1986. The only
      complication reported was one leakage (4.3%) which spontaneously healed. Ninety
      eight patients underwent formal colonic resections (anterior resection of the
      rectum, left hemicolectomy, subtotal and total colectomy) from 1981 to June 1986.
      Two patients (2%) died for reasons unrelated to the suturing technique. Three
      colorectal anastomoses (3%) developed a leak, one of which required surgical
      revision. One stricture (1%) was recorded in a recurrence-free patient three
      months after surgery. One patient (1%) complained of minor rectal bleeding. Two
      patients (2%) developed small anal fissures due to forced passage of the
      instrument.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360574
TI  - Hepatic resections with the Lin liver clamp.
AB  - Twenty-three hepatic resections were performed over a period of four years with
      the use of a Lin liver clamp and an operative mortality rate of 17.3%.
      Indications for liver resections were: five primary liver malignancies, four
      metastatic liver tumors and 14 benign liver diseases. All of the 14 patients with
      benign diseases survived the operation without developing late symptoms or
      complications. The survival rate of five patients with malign diseases ranged
      from three to 31 months. The technical details, advantages and precautions
      involved in the use of the Lin liver clamp are discussed. This approach improved
      the rate of operative mortality and facilitated partial lobectomy in cirrhotic
      livers, but the long-term results are dependent on the disease rather than the
      result of the operation.

PMID- 3360575
TI  - Cholangiographically-enhanced CT of the pancreas and biliary tree.
AB  - Cholangiographically-enhanced CT scans were performed on nine patients with
      biliary obstruction or suspected pancreatic masses. The opacification of the
      biliary tree was obtained by slow infusion of 25 ml of cholangiographic contrast
      medium diluted in 75 ml of saline and administered 45 mins before the CT
      examination. Two separate CT sequences were obtained, one with cholangiographic
      contrast alone, the other with associated parenchymal enhancement. The
      tolerability of the overall procedure was very good. The measurement of the HU
      values of the biliary ducts showed a marked increase in bile density. These
      structures could easily be appreciated within the liver and in the porta hepatis;
      the pancreatic head and its relationships with the main bile duct were evident.
      The densitometric measurement of the liver parenchyma before and after contrast
      enhancement did not show any variation with respect to the standard HU values.
      Cholangiographically-enhanced CT proved to be useful for the diagnosis of biliary
      obstruction; it may also be a promising diagnostic tool for the evaluation of
      pancreatic masses.

PMID- 3360576
TI  - The use of absorbable microfibrillation collagen to control sternal bone marrow
      bleeding.
AB  - Because of the fact that bone wax plays a significant role in delayed healing of
      the sternum an alternative technique for the control of sternal bone marrow
      bleeding has been devised. It consists of the application of fashioned strips of
      absorbable microfibrillar collagen to the cut surface of the sternal marrow after
      the sternum is divided and/or prior to its closure. This initial clinical
      experience has been excellent.

PMID- 3360577
TI  - Ectopic ACTH syndrome.
AB  - The recognition of extrapituitary ACTH-secreting tumors is of great importance,
      not only theoretically but also in practice, in that it permits rational and
      radical therapy of the relative Cushing's syndrome and avoids more traumatic and
      risky surgery such as the destruction of the hypophysis and total adrenalectomy.
      In some cases, however, a systematic search for these tumors, which can be
      extremely small, is unsuccessful even when the most modern diagnostic tools are
      employed. Thus, it is still sometimes necessary to resort to total adrenalectomy
      for provisional control of the Cushing's syndrome, delaying definitive treatment
      until the tumor makes itself evident. Two clinical cases are described in which,
      although elements suggesting the possibility of an ectopic neoplasia were present
      at the time of adrenalectomy, they were not recognized as such, and the tumor
      responsible for the syndrome was not identified until many years later.

PMID- 3360578
TI  - Free small bowel perforation in an indigenous African population.
AB  - Over a 44-month period, 50 patients with free small bowel perforations were seen
      at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria. The
      causes of these perforations were typhoid enteritis in 23 patients, trauma in 11,
      strangulated obstructions in nine, duodenal ulceration in six and non-specific
      ileitis in one. Ninety-two percent of these patients were males aged under 40.
      The taking of laxatives, delayed presentation and inappropriate treatment
      adversely all affect the ultimate results.

PMID- 3360580
TI  - The use of the contact hysteroscope in the diagnosis of cord prolapse.
AB  - The presence of the umbilical cord in the birth canal either by prolapse or as a
      funis presentation is a potential obstetrical catastrophe. The contact
      hysteroscope is a tool which permits rapid and decisive assessment of the
      position of the cord or of the presenting part.

PMID- 3360579
TI  - The use of the carbon dioxide laser beam in the surgery of pressure sores.
AB  - The use of CO2 Laser in surgery for decubitus ulcers was assessed in 139 spinal
      cord injury patients. This technique is valuable for debridement and or excision
      of the ulcers as well as repair. It accomplishes hemostasis and wound sterility.
      It was found very helpful in patients with ill health, bleeding tendencies and
      active infections. It helped avoid amputation in a few paraplegics whose joints
      were involved or peripheral vessels compromised. Although the apparatus is
      expensive, its use on a large scale in specialized centers can be a good
      investment since it saves blood loss, transfusions, antibiotics, and hospital
      stay, the later so important with the current health care system in the USA known
      as DRG. However, operators should be very knowledgeable in the basic science of
      laser, the mechanics of the apparatus and its control for the most efficient,
      effective and safe utilization.

PMID- 3360581
TI  - Result of suprapubic cystostomy only as primary management of posterior urethral
      rupture following pelvic fracture.
AB  - Forty-five patients with posterior urethral injury following pelvic fractures
      were managed by suprapubic cystostomy alone as primary management. Simultaneous
      voiding cystourethrogram with retrograde urethrogram six weeks later revealed non
      obliterative stricture in eight and total block in 36. Impotence was seen in 20
      patients. Eight patients with non-obliterative stricture responded to optical
      internal urethrotomy. Out of 36 total block, 30 had long strictures in the
      posterior urethra and required transpubic urethroplasty. Impotence was not
      affected by transpubic urethroplasty.

PMID- 3360582
TI  - Ileorectal anastomosis after colectomy for benign colon disease.
AB  - The immediate, or staged reconstruction of the digestive tract after total
      abdominal colectomy for benign bowel disease with an ileorectal anastomosis
      (I.R.A.) finds adamant supporters and opposers, thus confirming the controversial
      aspects of this procedure. The follow-up of 27 cases operated upon between 1973
      and 1985, is discussed on the basis of clinical, radiological, endoscopic,
      histological and functional assessments.

PMID- 3360583
TI  - A new approach to the treatment of polycystic kidneys.
AB  - Maximum conservativism was the watchword up to 1979 in dealing with polycystic
      disease. In the period 1979 to 1985 a total of 45 patients were subjected to 80
      instances of polycystic resection whereby larger cysts were removed by excision,
      smaller ones by ignipuncture, with particular attention to extirpation of the
      perihilar cysts. Post-operative incidence of hypertension dropped from 33 to 3%.
      The method described is rated as one of the feasible expedients to deal with
      polycystic disease in the early compensated stage.

PMID- 3360584
TI  - Primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. A collective review.
AB  - During an 18-year period, 17 patients with renal pelvic and 8 with ureteral
      carcinoma were seen in our clinic. The lesion was transitional cell carcinoma in
      23 patients, and epidermoid and anaplastic carcinoma, respectively, in 2 others.
      Because of frequent tumour recurrence in the lower tract, we recommend total
      nephroureterectomy including a cuff of the bladder as the treatment of choice for
      renal pelvic neoplasms. For ureteral tumours, less aggressive and conservative
      procedures can be considered.

PMID- 3360585
TI  - Agenesis of kidney associated with malformations of the seminal vesicle. Various
      clinical presentations.
AB  - Ureteral seminal vesicle anomaly associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis is a
      rare occurrence. Cystic anomaly of the seminal vesicle may be asymptomatic or
      discovered by rectal examination and cystoscopy for evaluation of bladder
      irritative symptoms, perineal and testicular pain, ejaculatory disturbances and
      rarely infertility. The condition was diagnosed in three patients with various
      clinical presentations.

PMID- 3360587
TI  - Assessment and maintenance of the quality of urolith analyses in a comparison of
      methods. 4th International Ring Test to check quality.
AB  - For five test samples of the fourth International Ring Test to check the quality
      of methods for urinary calculus analysis, 45 findings obtained by 10 different
      methods were sent from 16 countries. The mean deviation of 0.11 molecular parts
      per component for all five samples is considerably low. The average standard SQ
      for all participants is 2.44. It falls off from X-ray diffraction via IR down to
      other quantitative methods. Advantages and disadvantages of X-ray diffraction and
      IR-spectroscopic analyses are discussed. Analysis of urinary calculi according to
      centralized, methodically uniform standards offers advantages in analytical
      quality.

PMID- 3360586
TI  - Renal injuries.
AB  - The present paper reports on solitary and associated renal injuries. Conservative
      and surgical treatments are discussed and compared with literary data.

PMID- 3360588
TI  - The importance of internal urethrotomy a.m. Otis for the incidence of urethral
      stricture following transurethral prostatectomy.
AB  - The most frequent late postoperative complication of transurethral prostatectomy
      (TURP) is the formation of urethral stricture. Several studies indicate that the
      number of strictures can be reduced by performing internal urethrotomy a.m. Otis
      just before TURP. We compared the incidence of urethral stricture in 218
      patients, who in 1982 had TURP without preceding internal urethrotomy a.m. Otis
      as against 183 patients, who in 1983 had TURP with preceding internal urethrotomy
      a.m. Otis. In 1982 (-Otis group) the incidence of urethral stricture was 7.3%,
      and in 1983 (+Otis group) it was 4.4%. This difference is not significant, but
      the tendency and results from other studies make us recommend the method until a
      larger controlled trial has been performed.

PMID- 3360589
TI  - Male urethral cancer. A review.
AB  - Cancer of the male urethra is an extremely rare neoplasm and herein we discuss
      the clinical features, diagnosis and management of this lesion.

PMID- 3360590
TI  - Aluminum transport and dialysance during haemodialysis.
AB  - Aluminum transfer and dialysance during haemodialysis and plasma aluminum
      concentrations in haemodialysis patients were examined. Plasma aluminum in 30
      volunteer outpatients tended to decrease after 5-hour dialysis (6.35 +/- 3.02
      micrograms/dl before haemodialysis; 5.41 +/- 2.60 micrograms/dl after
      haemodialysis). The decrease was mainly due to diffusion despite
      haemoconcentration evidenced by a significant increase in the haematocrit and
      total plasma protein during dialysis. To study the changes resulting from
      diffusion, we measured aluminum in the arterial blood and in the dialysate at the
      inflow and outflow sites of the dialyzer. There was a non-significant decrease in
      the plasma aluminum of arterial blood from 6.20 +/- 2.90 to 5.64 +/- 2.55
      micrograms/dl, but a significant increase in the dialysate aluminum from 0.38 +/-
      0.18 micrograms/dl to 1.10 +/- 0.66 micrograms/dl. Aluminum diffused across the
      dialyzer from the blood to the dialysate in 23 cases and into the blood in 7
      others. When aluminum dialysance is high, plasma aluminum can be removed to the
      dialysate during haemodialysis.

PMID- 3360591
TI  - Lewis lung carcinoma variants with differing metastatic specificities adhere
      preferentially to different defined extracellular matrix molecules.
AB  - Differential cell adhesion has been proposed to play a role in organ-specific
      tumor metastasis. To further explore this hypothesis, we have employed a Lewis
      lung carcinoma cell line and 2 variants that differ in their ability to
      metastasize to lung and liver. The three cell lines were tested for their ability
      to adhere to defined extracellular matrix components that had been previously
      adsorbed to nylon membranes. Our results demonstrate that the parental cell line
      adheres preferentially to fibronectin relative to all other adhesion molecules
      tested. The lung colonizing variant, M27, adheres well to fibronectin and also to
      type V collagen but adheres poorly to laminin, to types I and VI collagen or to
      heparan sulfate. In contrast, the liver colonizing H59 cell line was highly
      adherent to laminin as well as to fibronectin but did not adhere to heparan
      sulfate or to any of the collagen types tested. These results demonstrate that
      three related cell lines with differing metastatic specificities have marked
      differences in their abilities to bind to defined matrix molecules. Such
      differences may play a role in the preferential localization to specific organ
      beds in vivo.

PMID- 3360592
TI  - Tumor burden impairment of murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
AB  - Natural killer (NK) cells may be important in the control of circulating tumor
      emboli. Because of this, the suppression of natural killer cell cytotoxicity
      (NKCC) observed with progressive tumor burden is a concern relative to the
      treatment of solid tumors. Our study examines the interplay between tumor
      progression, elaboration of metastases, and NKCC. Mice inoculated with Lewis lung
      carcinoma (3LL) cells developed visible primary tumors by day 6 of tumor bearing.
      This tumor burden appeared to be associated with a progressive decrease in NKCC
      beginning after day 6 of tumor bearing. Significant splenomegaly was observed
      beginning by day 12. Rapidly reproducing tumor cells take up 125I-labeled 5-iodo
      2'-deoxyuridine (125I-IUDR) in lieu of thymidine more readily than normal cells.
      Intraperitoneal injection of the labeled IUDR allowed the identification of
      possible pulmonary metastatic activity earlier in the tumor progression sequence
      than has previously been possible using standard staining procedures. A
      significantly increased level of lung 125I-IUDR uptake was observed in the lung
      beginning after day 6 of tumor bearing; this increase in 125I-IUDR uptake began
      at the same time as the tumor burden impairment of NKCC. Successful implantation
      of tumor emboli may occur very early in experimental tumor burden systems, when
      measurable antitumor immune effector mechanisms are not yet massively suppressed.
      Antitumor immunotherapy programs may therefore need to be targeted to these
      earlier points of tumor bearing.

PMID- 3360593
TI  - The prevalence of ouabain-resistant variants after mutagen treatment. Lack of
      correlation between the frequency of variant expression and the metastatic
      phenotype.
AB  - In order to test the hypothesis that tumor cells with greater malignant potential
      should have an increased sensitivity to mutagens, four individual murine cell
      lines, each paired for their metastatic and nonmetastatic potentials, were
      compared with respect to the prevalence at which ouabain-resistant mutants could
      be obtained after treatment of the cells with the mutagen MNNG. No increase in
      the prevalence of induced mutation in metastatic cells was observed; and, in
      fact, in two cases (h-ras-transfected 3T3 and SP1 cells), nonmetastatic cells had
      a higher prevalence of mutations after MNNG treatment than did their metastatic
      counterparts. We suggest that the absolute level of genomic instability, measured
      by this means, is not critical to malignant potential and tumor progression.

PMID- 3360594
TI  - B16 metastases in mouse liver and lung. II. Morphology.
AB  - Small liver and lung metastases of the murine B16 melanoma, the tissue
      distribution of which was reported in a previous paper, were studied
      morphologically. The overall shapes of the metastases in the two organs were
      strikingly different: whereas liver metastases constituted sharply demarcated
      spheres, most lung metastases were exceedingly flat and ill defined, and covered
      considerable proportions of the lung surface. When studied in detail, a greater
      similarity emerged than was expected. Both liver and lung metastases appeared to
      contain small, dense tumor cell nodules, indicating a growth pattern of focal
      proliferation alternating with active movement. The main differences between the
      two localizations could be explained on the basis of preferential adhesion of the
      tumor cells to the pleural basal lamina and/or the differential resistance of the
      connective tissue in various compartments of the lung. The liver metastases were
      further characterized by the development of a dense peripheral network of portal
      vessels and of peculiar fluid-filled spaces in the centers of the metastases. In
      agreement with previous work, destruction of elements of the adjacent tissue was
      hardly detected in the small metastases studied.

PMID- 3360595
TI  - Correction of defective tumoricidal activity of macrophages from A/J mice by
      liposomal immunomodulators.
AB  - The ability of liposomal immunomodulators to restore abnormal macrophage
      tumoricidal activity has been studied. Macrophages from A/J mice have impaired
      responses in vitro to macrophage activating factor, gamma-interferon, N
      acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) or lipopolysaccharide when compared
      with macrophages from normoresponsive C57BL/6J mice. Liposomes containing a
      lipophilic muramyl dipeptide MDP-glyceroyl dipalmitate, macrophage activating
      factor or gamma-interferon restored tumoricidal activity to levels similar to
      C57BL/6J macrophages. Pretreatment of A/J mice with Corynebacterium parvum
      resulted in low levels of macrophage tumoricidal activity: treatment of C. parvum
      induced A/J macrophages in vivo or in vitro with liposomal MDP-glyceroyl
      dipalmitate or liposomal macrophage activating factor resulted in normal levels
      of cytotoxicity. Macrophages from A/J mice were unable to phagocytose liposomes
      in vitro as rapidly or to the same extent as macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. The
      levels of cytotoxicity observed indicate that this is not a limiting factor for
      the induction of tumoricidal activity by liposomal immunomodulators.

PMID- 3360596
TI  - Cobra venom factor, an activator of the complement system, enhances the bowel
      necrosis induced by platelet-activating factor.
AB  - We have previously produced an experimental model of ischemic bowel necrosis in
      the rat by injecting platelet activating factor (PAF) (7 micrograms/kg) into the
      mesenteric vascular bed. The dose of PAF required to produce necrosis could be
      reduced to 50% if the animal was pretreated with bacterial endotoxin
      (lipopolysaccharide) (20 micrograms/rat). The mechanism of this potentiating
      effect of lipopolysaccharide is unclear, but activation of the complement system
      may be one of the contributing factors. To investigate the role of the complement
      system, we injected cobra venom factor (CVF) (1 unit/kg) to activate the
      complement system before injection of PAF (2 micrograms/kg) into the superior
      mesenteric artery. CVF and PAF were also injected separately at the same dosage
      to other groups of rats. CVF activated the complement system, but by itself did
      not produce gross necrosis of the bowel. PAF alone caused 3 out of 9 rats treated
      to develop bowel necrosis. In contrast, combination of the two produced bowel
      necrosis in all 6 rats thus treated. CVF did not enhance the effects of PAF on
      hemoconcentration and leukopenia, but aggravated the hypotension caused by PAF.
      PAF, on the other hand, also enhanced activation of the complement system by CVF.
      To investigate the specificity of PAF on complement activation, lyso-PAF was used
      in combination with CVF. It was found that lyso-PAF did not have a significant
      potentiating effect on CVF-induced complement activation and, by itself, it had
      no effect on complement activation, blood pressure, white blood cell count or
      hematocrit. Lyso-PAF, with or without CVF, also failed to produce bowel
      necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360597
TI  - [Proliferating tricholemmal tumor].
AB  - We report an unusually located proliferating tricholemmal tumor on the back of a
      male patient. Ladewig staining clearly demonstrated different patterns of
      tricholemmal and epidermal keratinization.

PMID- 3360598
TI  - [The TNM classification of malignant tumors: the new 1987 edition].

PMID- 3360599
TI  - [Quantified determination of dermographism in patients with atopic eczema].
AB  - The usual method of checking dermatographism (D), which is typically white in
      atopic eczema (AE), allows only a qualitative rating. To allow reproducible
      quantification of D we have developed an easily used instrument, called a
      Dermographometer. This can be fitted with one to three blunt tapered metal bars
      of different weights applying a constant stretching pressure over the whole skin
      areas to be examined or different pressures at isolated points. We used this
      device to study D in 27 patients with AE and in 20 healthy controls. Of the 27
      patients, 21 had white D, 2, red D, and 4, none at each pressure applied. In 18
      of the controls D was red. In addition, the two groups differed significantly in
      the time to onset and the duration of the D elicited, which was much longer in
      patients with AE. Simultaneous and constant application of distinct grades of
      pressure for quantitative dermatographometry is a method that can reliably be
      used for the study of inter- and intraindividual variation in vascular reactivity
      in the course of various dermatoses, especially.

PMID- 3360600
TI  - [Infiltrating lymphadenosis benigna cutis as borreliosis of the skin].
AB  - Forms of lymphadenosis benigna cutis (Lbc) which run an unusual course may
      present considerable problems and are sometimes difficult to distinguish from
      malignant lymphomas of the skin on the basis of the clinical and histological
      picture. The case of a female patient is reported, who presented with plaque-like
      infiltrative lesions on both lower arms. The lesions were interpreted as being
      malignant lymphomas of the skin. After a progressive course of 6 years' duration,
      the diagnosis of an unusual plaque-like infiltrative form of Lbc caused by
      Borrelia was serologically confirmed by the demonstration of anti-Borrelia
      burgdorferi antibodies. Immunohistochemical examinations yielded the picture of a
      follicular pseudolymphoma with the formation of germ centres. After several weeks
      of penicillin therapy the skin lesions cleared completely.

PMID- 3360601
TI  - [The Munich cryopreserved sperm bank--intermediate 1974-1986 evaluation].
AB  - The storage of spermatozoa from tumour patients in sperm banks is an important
      medical task. As a result of improved treatment strategies the survival rate,
      particularly in patients with testicular tumours and Hodgkin's disease, is
      excellent if the diagnosis is made early. However, the necessary therapeutic
      measures often lead to the mutilation of reproductive function. At the Department
      of Dermatology at the University of Munich a sperm bank has been in existence
      since 1974; most of the patients who consult the sperm bank are men with
      testicular tumours. A synopsis of the last 12 years provides information about
      the patients, indications for storage, the method of preservation used and the
      fate of the cryopreserved samples used for insemination. To guarantee that
      optimal results are achieved, cryopreserved sperm samples should only be used by
      gynaecologists who are particularly experienced in the treatment of sterility.

PMID- 3360602
TI  - [Andrologic studies in patients with X-chromosome recessive ichthyosis].
AB  - In the past there have been several reports of testicular abnormalities
      (hypogonadism, cryptorchidism and so-called atypical germ cells) in patients with
      recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Anamnestic interviews, clinical as well as
      chemical investigations in ten patients (aged 25-52 years) with recessive X
      linked ichthyosis have been undertaken in order to examine their endocrine and
      exocrine testicular function. Normal serum levels of gonadotropins were observed
      in nine of ten patients, while four of ten men had decreased levels of
      dehydroepiandrosterone. In addition, in eight of these ten patients
      spermatological alterations were found: two patients suffered from
      oligozoospermia, while asthenozzospermia occurred in seven patients and
      teratozoospermia was registered in three men. Although andrological abnormalities
      were found in five out of ten patients (cryptorchidism, varicocele), the high
      incidence of spermatological alterations is remarkable. Further investigations
      will be necessary to clarify whether steroid sulphatase is responsible for some
      of these alterations, especially for the pronounced asthenozoospermia.

PMID- 3360603
TI  - Modeling the effects of exhaust ventilation on 222Rn entry rates and indoor 222Rn
      concentrations.
AB  - Continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation of moderately air-tight residences is
      common in Scandinavia and has recently been employed in several U.S. residences.
      Exhaust ventilation decreases the indoor pressure and, thus, increases the
      pressure difference which drives 222Rn entry. Relatively simple analytical (i.e.
      closed form) models were developed and used to examine the impacts of exhaust
      ventilation on 222Rn entry rates and concentrations in houses with either a crawl
      space or a basement. A more complex finite difference model was also developed
      for the house with a basement and yielded soil gas entry rates within 16% of
      those predicted with the analytical model. The models indicate that exhaust
      ventilation is suitable, but not optimal (from the perspective of indoor 222Rn),
      for houses with a vented crawl space. Exhaust ventilation is also indicated to be
      suitable for houses with basements surrounded by relatively impermeable soil (10(
      12) m2 or less). If soil permeabilities are between 10(-12) and 10(-10) m2,
      exhaust ventilation may cause substantial increases in indoor 222Rn when soil gas
      222Rn concentrations are above average. If soil permeabilities are greater than
      10(-10) m2, exhaust ventilation is indicated to be inappropriate, unless some
      procedure is employed to inhibit soil gas entry. These conclusions should be
      considered tentative, since extensive verification of the models is still
      required.

PMID- 3360604
TI  - Postmenopausal loss of Ra acquired in adolescence or young adulthood:
      quantitative relationship to radiation-induced skeletal damage and dosimetric
      implications.
AB  - From the results of serial measurements of body 226Ra activity in 13 former
      luminous dial workers 30-60 y after relatively brief periods of intake of
      luminous compounds in adolescence or young adulthood, we determined the
      postmenopausal rate of elimination of Ra in percent of contemporary body Ra
      content per year. This rate was negatively correlated with the "reduced x-ray
      score," a measure of radiation osteonecrosis observed radiographically in the 13
      subjects (r = -0.85, P less than 0.001). The clearance rates of subjects
      retaining low Ra activity were greater than predicted by retention models. We
      conclude that for those members of the Ra-exposed population under study for
      health effects at our institution who sustained the lesser degrees of macroscopic
      skeletal damage, present estimates of skeletal absorbed dose are systematically
      low, by at most a factor of 2.

PMID- 3360605
TI  - Measurement of ultraviolet radiation emitted from welding arcs.
AB  - It is well known that exposure to UV radiation can result in short- and long-term
      injury to the eyes and skin. Exposure to UV radiation is generally associated
      with many production processes involving either the use of UV or the emission of
      unwanted UV as a by-product. Welding arc machines are widespread sources of
      intense UV, as well as visible and infrared radiation. To evaluate the hazard
      associated with UV exposure during welding processes, the spectral irradiance
      must be measured and weighted in terms of biological effectiveness.
      Standardization of routine field measurement procedures is difficult because the
      emission depends on time dependent parameters. This paper presents a procedure
      suitable for the spectral irradiance measurement of welding arcs in the 250-400
      nm range as well as other unstable sources.

PMID- 3360606
TI  - Theoretical and measured power density in front of VHF/UHF broadcasting antennas.
AB  - A simple and easy-to-use model based on more rigorous computations was formulated
      for the prediction of power density levels in front of dipole array-type VHF
      (very high frequency) and UHF (ultra high frequency) broadcasting antennas.
      Measurements on site verified the usefulness of the model. The distance at which
      the power density begins to exceed 10 W.m-2--the value established by standards
      as a limit--is roughly 40 m for UHF-TV antennas, 30 m for FM (frequency
      modulated) radio antennas and 15 m for VHF-TV antennas. Typical average input
      powers of antennas are 20 kW, 4 kW and 10 kW for FM radio, VHF-TV and UHF
      transmissions, respectively.

PMID- 3360607
TI  - Results of a radiological survey at the space radiation effects laboratory,
      Newport News, Virginia.

PMID- 3360608
TI  - Comparison of neutron dosimetric quantities.

PMID- 3360609
TI  - Intercomparison of film badge and pocket dosimeters for use in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 3360610
TI  - Photon transmission of monoenergetic broad beams through gypsum wallboard.

PMID- 3360611
TI  - Tell policymakers that low doses of ionizing radiation may have zero risk of
      harm.

PMID- 3360612
TI  - Late effects of A-bomb radiation: risk problems unrelated to the new dosimetry.

PMID- 3360613
TI  - Some thoughts on the risk of cancer death due to the Chernobyl reactor accident.

PMID- 3360614
TI  - Comments on calibration and field use of a Ge gamma-ray detector.

PMID- 3360615
TI  - Recommendations for minor updates to the IRPA 1985 guidelines on limits of
      exposure to laser radiation. International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee of
      the International Radiation Protection Association.

PMID- 3360616
TI  - Dose-dependent increase in subjective symptom prevalence among toluene-exposed
      workers.

PMID- 3360617
TI  - Synergistic interaction of tri- and tetra-chloroethylene, hypoxia, and ethanol on
      the atrioventricular conduction of the perfused rat heart.

PMID- 3360618
TI  - Response time of a diffusion sampler under unsteady-state.

PMID- 3360619
TI  - Development of an instrument to measure blue-light radiation.

PMID- 3360620
TI  - Factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire in a sample of Japanese
      workers.

PMID- 3360621
TI  - Fluorometric determination of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase
      activity by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3360622
TI  - A case of thinner sniffing: relationship between neuropsychological symptoms and
      urinary findings after inhalation of toluene and methanol.

PMID- 3360623
TI  - Urinary diazo-positive metabolites levels of workers handling p
      nitrochlorobenzene in a dye producing factory.

PMID- 3360624
TI  - [Posterior ethmoid cells and their relation to the optic canal].
AB  - The number of posterior ethmoidal cells was counted in 53 preparations and the
      relationship of the cells to the optic canal was established.

PMID- 3360625
TI  - [Results of endonasal ethmoid bone operations in diffuse hyperplastic chronic
      paranasal sinusitis].
AB  - Endonasal endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses for chronic sinusitis has
      been accepted as the treatment of choice by many authors, but detailed evaluation
      of the results is often lacking. Of a consecutive series of 220 patients with
      diffuse chronic paranasal polyposis who had undergone endoscopic pan-sinus
      operations, 90 were re-examined endoscopically after 1-7 years. Normal
      respiratory mucosa was found in 57% of cases and minor circumscribed mucosal
      hyperplasia in a further 25%. Unsatisfactory healing or recurrence of polypi was
      found in 18%. A questionnaire completed by all 220 patients showed that 49% were
      completely relieved, 33% reported a marked improvement, 12% remained unchanged,
      and 6% claimed a deterioration. Of those patients with polyposis and bronchial
      asthma, 57% achieved marked relief. The very low incidence of surgical
      complications after complete endoscopic ethmoidectomy should be emphasized.

PMID- 3360626
TI  - [Preserving the accessory nerve in neck dissection].
AB  - A total of 104 patients who had undergone neck dissection were examined with
      respect to disturbance of shoulder function on the operated side. The accessory
      nerve had been severed in half the patients and preserved in the other half. A
      dynamo-meter was used to measure the force a patient standing upright could exert
      in pulling upward with his arm outstretched. The relative loss of strength after
      neck dissection was determined by relating the difference between the two sides
      to the strength of the healthy shoulder. On average, the loss of strength in the
      operated shoulder was significantly less after preservation of the accessory
      nerve than after its severance. An additional influence due to tumour stage or
      postoperative irradiation was not found. The functional loss determined by the
      difference quotient correlated well with the patients' subjective account of
      their functional impairment. Preservation of the eleventh cranial nerve is
      discussed with respect to the question of increased risk of lymph node
      recurrence.

PMID- 3360627
TI  - [Preliminary results in using the myocutaneous pectoralis major flap].
AB  - The modified pectoralis major myocutaneous paddle flap has been used in 75 cases
      since 1982 for the closure of major defects of the oral cavity, oro- and
      hypopharynx and neck. Although almost all of the patients had a stage IV tumour,
      we had good aesthetic and functional results. There was no total flap necrosis.
      Three cases of partial necrosis underwent spontaneous healing. The details of the
      operative techniques are compared with other reconstructive methods, and the
      advantage of the pectoralis major flap is discussed.

PMID- 3360628
TI  - [Acute circulatory disorders of the tongue].
AB  - Circulatory disturbances of the tongue are extremely rare because of its rich
      blood supply. Based on five case reports and a review of the literature we show
      that lingual circulatory disturbances may be due to impairment of venous drainage
      resulting in a large acute swelling of the tongue, or to ischemia carrying a
      painful tongue swelling, and possibly ulceration or partial tongue necrosis. The
      impairment of venous drainage appears to develop only as a consequence of an
      extensive posttraumatic or inflammatory edema of the floor of the mouth and
      tongue base. Ischemic lingual necrosis is most often due to giant cell arteritis
      and mostly occurs in elderly women. The correct diagnosis should be established
      as soon as possible because high-dose cortisone therapy both relieves the
      patient's complaints and prevents life-threatening complications such as
      myocardial infarction and apoplexy.

PMID- 3360629
TI  - [Metastasis of cancer of the external ear].
AB  - Follow-up of 103 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the auricula showed
      that 20 of them developed regional lymph node metastases. The effect of size,
      site and certain histological parameters on the occurrence of metastases was
      assessed. The incidence of metastases correlated with increasing size of the
      tumour.

PMID- 3360630
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopy of intracellular structures in the hair cells of
      the guinea pig cochlea using backscatter electrons].
AB  - Guinea pig cochleae were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The
      lateral surface of the outer hair cells was studied first with secondary
      electrons. It was possible to find a network of tubular cisterns and long
      mitochondria stained by osmium immediately under the plasma membrane detected by
      backscattered electrons. The lateral arrangement of the mitochondria and the
      tubular cisterns was confirmed by observing the embedded SEM tissues by
      transmission electron microscopy.

PMID- 3360631
TI  - [Microperforation and removal of the round window membrane. Short- and long-term
      study in animal experiments using electrocochleography and evoked response
      audiometry].
AB  - Our earlier animal experiments on guinea pigs showed that instrumental
      perforation of the round window membrane by a 0.2 mm platinum wire leads to an
      instant loss of the inner ear functions. The membrane defect healed in a few
      days, the cochlear structures remained intact, and the compound action potential
      of the auditory nerve and the brain-stem responses could be evoked again with
      normal latency times within 2 weeks. 1. In the studies reported here we first
      carried out microperforations with a 1 micron needle electrode, which caused no
      changes of the hearing potentials (cochlear microphonics, compound action
      potential of the auditory nerve, brain-stem responses), and no visible defect of
      the round window membrane and no perilymph outflow. 2. The removal of the round
      window membrane and the withdrawal of the perilymph led to a loss of the cochlear
      microphonics and to a considerable increase of the latency times of wave I
      (Jewett). The hearing potential regained their original values after 2 weeks
      without closure of the round window niche. The round window membrane had
      regenerated spontaneously and the scala tympani was again filled with perilymph.
      After covering the round window niche with a connective tissue graft, the hearing
      potentials regained their original values after 2 weeks, as they had done without
      cover of the round window niche. The round window membrane regenerated below the
      tissue graft and the scala tympani was also filled again with perilymph.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360632
TI  - [Long-term experiences with the Asai and Staffieri methods of voice
      rehabilitation after laryngectomy: a comparative study].
AB  - Follow up of 45 patients who had undergone a surgical voice rehabilitation by
      Asai's or Staffieri's method showed clearly that the main problem of such
      operations is not the restoration of a good voice but the guarantee of a normal
      swallow. The low position of the tracheo-pharyngeal fistula in Staffieri's
      operation is particularly disadvantageous and often requires surgical closure of
      the neoglottis. A strict pre-operative assessment is indicated before all
      operative methods for voice rehabilitation. Oesophageal speech remains the best
      voice after laryngectomy and operative reconstruction is relegated to second
      place.

PMID- 3360633
TI  - [Pharyngeal fistula after irradiation and laryngectomy. Problem of the
      reconstruction of the pharynx].
AB  - A 39-year-old patient with an epiglottic carcinoma stage T4N2M0 was treated
      initially by radiotherapy, but later underwent laryngectomy for irradiation
      necrosis. A pharyngeal fistula occurred in the irradiated area. After resection
      of the damaged skin reconstruction was performed by a double skin paddle
      myocutaneous pectoralis major flap. A recurrence of the fistula in the same area
      was closed by invagination of the flap. Three years later a massive scar stenosis
      developed in the reconstructed hypopharynx, so that the patient was unable to
      swallow. This required a total resection of the scar tissue which extended from
      the entrance of the hypopharynx to the upper oesophageal sphincter. The gap was
      bridged by a free microvascular jejunal graft. To date 6 months have elapsed
      since this operation and the patient is symptom free.

PMID- 3360635
TI  - Private resources should share AIDS funding responsibility.

PMID- 3360634
TI  - [A case of osseous giant cell tumor of the temporal bone and tympanum].
AB  - The giant-cell tumor (osteoclastoma) is very rare in the head and neck. Its
      histogenesis, diagnosis and classification are difficult. Although it is
      considered to be benign, it should be regarded by the clinician as malignant,
      because of its high recurrence rate, potential metastases and the difficulty of
      total removal. We performed an extended radical mastoidectomy in a 42-year-old
      woman with such a tumor of the petrous bone, primarily to prevent such
      complications.

PMID- 3360636
TI  - Gauging the importance of personalities in student, intern and resident
      selection.

PMID- 3360637
TI  - Segmental definition: III. Definitive basis for distinguishing somatic findings
      of visceral reflex origin.

PMID- 3360638
TI  - Labetalol in the treatment of elderly patients with mild essential hypertension.

PMID- 3360640
TI  - AIDS: the general practitioner's concern.

PMID- 3360639
TI  - Laboratory testing in a hypertension clinic: a reappraisal.

PMID- 3360641
TI  - Reversible multiple cranial nerve palsies in temporal (giant cell) arteritis with
      normal sedimentation rate: report of a case.

PMID- 3360642
TI  - Selection criteria in postgraduate osteopathic medical education.

PMID- 3360643
TI  - Time use by trainees in medical education.

PMID- 3360644
TI  - The driving force of pacemakers.

PMID- 3360645
TI  - Intraoperative radiation therapy of hepatic metastases: technical aspects and
      report of a pilot study.
AB  - Surgical resection of hepatic metastases offers long-term survival, and possible
      cure, for selected patients with colorectal carcinoma. Fifty percent of patients
      considered candidates for resection are found to have disease confined to the
      liver. The resections necessary are often more extensive than predicted
      preoperatively, which provides an opportunity for innovative approaches using
      radiation therapy. The intraoperative radiation therapy technique presented here
      offers the ability to control multiple metastatic deposits in patients not deemed
      resectable. This is achieved using remote afterloading interstitial (Ir-192)
      radiation therapy to deliver tumoricidal radiation doses to limited volumes
      within the liver. The technique was used to treat 11 patients in a pilot study,
      delivering radiation doses of 20 Gy to the periphery of predetermined target
      volumes in a single treatment. The number of metastatic deposits treated ranged
      from 2 to 11 separate tumors with maximum diameters from 3 to 9 cm (median 6 cm).
      Hospitalizations were from 6 to 23 days (median 8) with only one patient
      experiencing a surgically related complication (wound dehiscence and pneumonia).
      There were no radiation related complications on follow-up to 18 months. Biopsies
      of two treated sites in a patient undergoing reoperation confirmed control of
      tumors by this procedure. This technique is offered as a standby procedure to
      patients undergoing exploration for hepatic resection at our institution.

PMID- 3360646
TI  - An intercomparison of two dynamic treatment techniques, ring scan and spot scan,
      for head and neck tumors with the Piotron.
AB  - An evaluation of the ring scan and the spot scan was made for the pion
      irradiation of head and neck tumors with the Piotron. For the geometry of the
      Piotron, with its 60 radially converging beams, two scanning techniques have been
      developed, ring scan and spot scan. They have different characteristics
      concerning achievable dose distributions and sensitivity to tissue
      inhomogenities. The optimized 3-dimensional dose distributions for the treatment
      with ring scan and spot scan techniques were calculated for two examples of the
      target volume. The comparison of the dose distributions has shown that the ring
      scan is better in sparing normal tissues than the spot scan for a simple shape
      target volume but not for an irregular shape target volume with the present
      status of the technique. The irradiation time needed for the ring scan is longer,
      for the present examples three times, than for the spot scan. From the practical
      view point the spot scan is preferable to the ring scan for the treatment of head
      and neck tumors with the Piotron.

PMID- 3360647
TI  - Quality assurance in hyperthermic therapy.

PMID- 3360648
TI  - More on the Uro-Oncology Research Group report of radical surgery vs.
      radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 3360649
TI  - Radiobiological implications of fractionated low dose rate irradiation.

PMID- 3360650
TI  - Toxicity and amiodarone.

PMID- 3360651
TI  - Blood flow values.

PMID- 3360652
TI  - Oxygen distribution in squamous cell carcinoma metastases and its relationship to
      outcome of radiation therapy.
AB  - Oxygen distribution was measured in 31 fixed lymph node metastases (mean diameter
      4.4 cm +/- 0.8 cm) from squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck by passing a
      needle electrode through each tumor under CT guidance. Thirteen tumors had
      uniform oxygen distribution with all measurements under 10 mm Hg. Six tumors had
      uniform oxygen distribution with all measurements above 10 mm Hg, and twelve
      tumors had variable oxygen distribution with measurements higher in the periphery
      than in the center. Response to radiation therapy was judged by changes in tumor
      volume 90 days following completion of therapy compared to pre-therapy volume.
      Eighteen tumors were considered complete responders (CR); eleven, non-responders
      (NR); two, partial responders (PR). No statistically significant difference in
      radiation dose or tumor size was seen in the PR and CR groups. Mean pO2 was 20.6
      (+/- 4.4) mm Hg in the CR group and 4.7 (+/- 3.0) mm Hg in the NR group (p less
      than 0.001). Normalized pO2 content defined as the total tumor oxygen content
      normalized by dividing by the volume was 37.4 (+/- 8.2) mm Hg in the CR group and
      8.2 (+/- 5.1) mm Hg in the NR group (p less than 0.001). The volume and oxygen
      levels of each tumor were tabulated and analyzed. Twelve tumors had greater than
      26% of their volume containing a pO2 less than 8 mm Hg. Eleven of these were NR
      and one PR. Nineteen tumors had less than 26% of their volume containing a pO2
      less than 8 mm Hg. Eighteen were CR and one PR (p less than 0.001). These data
      suggest that oxygen plays a significant role in human tumor response to radiation
      therapy. Oxygen measurements appear to allow separation of subgroups of patients
      with a poor prognosis who would most benefit from maneuvers to circumvent the
      hypoxic effect.

PMID- 3360653
TI  - Limited external beam and interstitial 192iridium irradiation in the treatment of
      carcinoma of the base of the tongue: a ten year experience.
AB  - A total of 70 patients with histologically proven diagnosis of carcinoma of the
      base of the tongue were treated with primary irradiation between May 1974 through
      April 1984. Fifty-eight (83%) of these patients had locally advanced tumors
      (Stage T3, T4, N2, N3). Fifty-one of the 70 (73%) patients had clinically
      palpable neck nodes at first presentation. All patients received a combination of
      external and interstitial irradiation. The dose of external irradiation was
      limited to 45-50 Gy over 4 1/2-5 1/2 weeks. Interstitial volume implants were
      performed 2-3 weeks after completion of external irradiation. The primary site as
      well as the vallecula, epsilateral pharyngeal wall, glossopalatine sulcus,
      tonsillar bed, and pillars were routinely implanted to encompass contiguous
      spread of the disease. The doses of implant varied according to the stage of
      disease, that is, 2000-2500 cGy for T1 and T2 lesions, 3000-4000 cGy for T3 and
      T4 lesions, with typical dose rates of 50-60 cGy per hour. The neck nodes were
      also separately implanted to deliver additional doses of 2000-4000 cGy in 50-80
      hours. Overall, local tumor control was observed in 58 of 70 (83%) patients at
      minimum follow-up of 2 years. An absolute 3-year disease-free survival of the
      entire group was 67.0%. Treatment related complications such as soft tissue
      necrosis and/or osteoradionecrosis occurred in 8 of the 70 (11.4%) patients. The
      salvage of neck failures and the local failures was feasible in 74% and 46% of
      the patients, respectively either by surgery or by re-irradiation using
      interstitial 192iridium implant alone. This treatment region is well tolerated
      and it preserves the functional and asthetic integrity in most patients.

PMID- 3360654
TI  - Salvage irradiation of oropharynx and mobile tongue about 192 iridium
      brachytherapy in Centre Alexis Vautrin.
AB  - Between 1972 and 1984, 123 patients were treated using 192 Iridium afterloading
      techniques for recurrence or new cancer of the tongue or oropharynx arising in
      previously irradiated tissues. The actuarial local control was 67% at 2 years and
      59% at 5 years. Local control of the tumor was achieved in the majority of these
      patients, the actuarial survival was only 48% at 2 years and 24% at 5 years.
      Twenty-eight patients developed mucosal necrosis. We analyzed prognostic factors
      for survival, local control, and complication. We proposed a selection for this
      salvage therapy.

PMID- 3360655
TI  - Multiple fraction per day radiation therapy for inoperable esophageal cancer.
AB  - Experience with a multiple fractions per day radiation therapy program for
      inoperable esophageal cancer is reported. The treatment program consisted of 3
      daily fractions of 1.6 Gy, with a 4 hr interval between fractions, for 5
      consecutive days (24 Gy). After a rest period of 2 weeks, a second course of
      radiation was given with the same dose and fractionation for a total dose of 48
      Gy in an overall treatment time of 4 weeks. Thirty-four patients were treated
      between February 1981 and July 1983. Acute reactions consisted of mild
      esophagitis noted in 30% of patients. No treatment related complications were
      reported. Median survival was 7 months and the 2- and 5-year survival rates were
      12 and 9%, respectively. Tumor size and Karnofsky performance status were found
      to be the most important prognostic indicators for prolonged survival. Prompt
      palliation of symptoms was noted. Thirty-three per cent of patients had complete
      resolution and 41% had partial improvement of symptoms after completion of
      treatment. Four patients (12%) obtained complete tumor regression with negative
      biopsy at endoscopic examination and 2 of them are free of disease at 58 and 64
      months. A partial response was reported in 12 patients (35%) for a median
      duration of 5 months (3-26). Treatment with multiple fractions per day was
      feasible in patients with esophageal cancer and could be preferred to more
      conventional fractionations for promptness of palliation and the shorter
      treatment time. The expected therapeutic gain is discussed.

PMID- 3360656
TI  - High-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix: early experience with 84 patients.
AB  - Eighty-four patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix were treated by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation using a remotely
      controlled afterloading system (Ralstron) with or without external irradiation at
      the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, between 1977 and 1981. Survival rates
      and local control rates were comparable to those for 372 patients treated by low
      dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation from
      1972 to 1981 at the hospital. The incidence of major complications was 5.1 and
      2.4% for the patients treated by low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation and by
      high-dose-rate irradiation, respectively. The results are comparable to those
      reported by other institutions. We have abandoned the conventional low-dose-rate
      intracavitary irradiation with the impression that the high-dose-rate remotely
      controlled afterloading system is a good alternative to the conventional one.

PMID- 3360657
TI  - Mini-colpostats in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
AB  - Between 1976 and 1982, 293 patients were treated for carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix at Washington University by definitive radiotherapy consisting of external
      beam therapy and two standard Fletcher-Suit applications (tandem plus vaginal
      colpostats). In ninety-nine patients (34%) mini-colpostats (MC) were used for one
      or both of their intracavitary insertions while 194 (66%) patients were treated
      twice with regular Fletcher-Suit colpostats (RC). The frequency of MC use was
      related to the age and parity of the patients. The distribution by stage of MC
      and RC groups was not significantly different. Pelvic failure in the MC group was
      similar to that of the RC group (21% vs 24%). Five-year disease-free survival was
      also similar between the two groups: 86% vs 80% Stage IB, 57% vs 61% Stage IIA,
      47% vs 52% Stage IIB, and 27% vs 45% Stage III for MC and RC groups,
      respectively. The rate of major complications (grade 3) was 15% in the MC group
      and 8% in the RC group (p = 0.08). Careful phantom dosimetric studies in both
      types of colpostats and correlations of dose distributions at various points in
      the pelvis with frequency of rectal and bladder complications were carried out.
      The bladder and rectum received a 5-10% higher mean radiation dose (Gy) in the MC
      group than in the RC group despite lower overall exposure (milligram-hours).
      Thermoluminescent dosimetry in a polystyrene phantom demonstrates that
      approximately 10% higher doses are delivered to the bladder, rectum, and point A
      with an MC system as compared to an RC system, for constant exposure in mgh.
      Phantom measurements of a newer MC with bladder and rectal shielding demonstrate
      no influence on the bladder and rectal point dose at a source separation of 3 cm;
      midline points of the bladder and rectum are not within the full shadow of the
      shields even if the colpostats are flush with the tandem. Implications for
      therapy are discussed.

PMID- 3360658
TI  - Heterogeneity of radiation response of a parent human epidermoid carcinoma cell
      line and four clones.
AB  - We examined the radiobiological parameters of a parent tumor cell line and four
      tumor clones of a human skin squamous cell carcinoma. The parent line and all
      clones have a tumor morphology, aneuploid karyotype, and the ability to passage
      infinitely in vitro. The parent cell line and three of four clones formed tumors
      in nude mice. The parent line, SCC-12, has a D0 of 1.59 Gy and an n of 7.5. In
      the four clones, D0 ranges from 1.31 Gy to 2.66 Gy and n ranges from 2.1 to 22.8.
      Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) following 11 Gy ranges from 1.7 to 13.1,
      at 24 hours, however PLDR following equitoxic doses of radiation is similar. The
      mean inactivation dose value (D) in the parent tumor cell line is 3.48 and ranges
      from 3.31 to 4.17 in the tumor clones. Radiobiological interpretation of
      heterogeneity may complicate predictive assays for clinical radiotherapy.

PMID- 3360659
TI  - Residual radiation damage in murine lung assessed by pneumonitis.
AB  - The amount of radiation damage remaining in mouse lung has been assessed by
      retreatment from 1 to 6 months after a range of first doses. Pneumonitis at 196
      days after retreatment was used as the endpoint. Lungs were first irradiated with
      a range of single doses (6-10 Gy). Ten Gy was the highest dose that, on its own,
      produced no changes in breathing rate or deaths due to pneumonitis. One to 6
      months later lungs were retreated with a full range of single doses. Isoeffect
      doses were calculated for lethality for all retreatment times after each priming
      dose. The amount of residual damage remaining in the lung has been calculated as
      both a proportion of first doses and as the effect equivalent of remembered dose.
      Following a 10 Gy first dose, there was evidence of remembered irradiation injury
      at all retreatment intervals. After a 6 Gy priming dose, the lungs could be
      retreated to tolerance. The amount of residual damage was proportional to the
      size of first dose and was highest at 1 month (27% after 6 Gy and 70% after 10
      Gy) and lowest after 3 months (0% after 6 Gy and 46% after 10 Gy). This partial
      recovery of lung function between 1 and 3 months was followed by an increase in
      amount of damage "remembered"; that is, a reduction in the retreatment dose that
      could be delivered. The proportion of residual damage after 10 Gy was never less
      than 25%. The data suggest an early target cell depletion and regeneration in the
      lung (within 3 months), the extent of which is dependent on the size of initial
      injury.

PMID- 3360660
TI  - Lactate-induced inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.
AB  - Culture medium that was recovered from tumor cell or fibroblast cultures during
      the plateau phase, and that was replenished by addition of glucose, glutamine,
      and serum and readjustment of pH had a distinct growth-inhibiting effect on
      monolayer cell cultures. The effect, which was not specific for a given cell
      strain, may be partially responsible for the "density inhibition" commonly
      observed in malignant cells grown in monolayer cultures. By modifying fresh
      growth media, it was shown that the growth inhibition observed can be partly
      attributed to the accumulation of lactate in the culture medium of plateau phase
      cells. This substance reduced the plating efficiency and the number of cells per
      petri dish in the plateau phase. It is concluded that this effect may be used for
      inducing growth inhibition in tumors in vivo by manipulating the cellular
      production of lactate and/or by impeding its removal from the cellular
      microenvironment.

PMID- 3360661
TI  - Misonidazole in fractionated radiotherapy of a murine mammary carcinoma:
      comparison of tumor and normal tissue response.
AB  - The potential therapeutic benefit of misonidazole was tested in radiotherapy with
      1, 2, 5, and 10 equal fractions, using as endpoints local tumor control (TCD50)
      of murine mammary carcinoma MDAH-MCa-4 and leg contracture at the TCD50, measured
      120 days after irradiation. In controls and misonidazole-treated mice, the TCD50
      increased with the number of fractions, from 66.7 to 114.6 Gy in controls, and
      from 43.3 to 75.7 Gy with misonidazole. At doses of greater than or equal to 0.1
      mg/g body weight, misonidazole reduced the TCD50 in all fractionation schedules;
      however, because of toxicity, 1.0 and 0.6 mg/g could be given with only 1 or 2
      fractions. Leg contracture at the TCD50 was greatest (14.5 mm) in control mice
      treated with a single dose of radiation, and was least (7.2 to 7.4 mm) in those
      treated with a single dose of radiation preceded by 1.0 or 0.6 mg misonidazole/g
      body weight. With 0.1 mg misonidazole/g, the leg contracture at the TCD50 was
      less (9.8 to 12.2 mm with the various schedules) than in controls (12.0 to 14.5
      mm) for 1, 5, or 10 fractions. Therefore, a therapeutic gain could be obtained by
      using misonidazole with 1, 2, 5, or 10 fractions, but the greatest gain occurred
      with 1 fraction, with high doses of misonidazole, that is, 0.6 to 1.0 mg/g.

PMID- 3360662
TI  - Miniature radiation dosimeter for in vivo radiation measurements.
AB  - We have made initial characterization measurements on a miniature radiation
      dosimeter which can be used for in vivo radiation measurements. It consists of a
      radiation sensing field effect transistor (RADFET) mounted in a 0.8 mm OD plastic
      catheter. The RADFET acts as a dosimeter by storing trapped charge proportional
      to absorbed dose. The stored charge signal can be differentiated to give dose
      rate. We report on the techniques for mounting, a circuit for dose readout, drift
      of the readings, linearity of response, temperature and angular dependence, and
      unpowered operation of the device.

PMID- 3360663
TI  - Development of an 241Am applicator for intracavitary irradiation of gynecologic
      cancers.
AB  - Sealed sources of 241Am that emit primarily 60 keV photons produce relative dose
      distributions in water comparable to those from 137Cs or 226Ra sources and can
      produce dose rates of up to 100 cGy/hr at 1 cm in water. Also, 241Am gamma rays
      can be effectively shielded by thin layers of high atomic number materials (HVL
      is 1/8th mm of lead) placed on the applicator or inside some body cavities (for
      example, hypaque in bladder, barium sulphate in rectum). These properties of
      241Am sources open a new approach to optimizing intracavitary irradiation of
      various cancers by allowing a reduction in dose and volume of irradiated critical
      organs or by increasing tumor doses. The relative ease with which highly
      effective shielding is achievable with 241Am sources would allow the design and
      fabrication of partially shielded applicators which can produce asymmetric dose
      distributions to allow unidirectional irradiation of localized lesions. Design
      and dosimetry characteristics of a gynecological applicator containing 241Am
      sources are presented. The applicator consists of a 2, 3, or 4 segment vaginal
      plaque (loaded with 2 and 5 Ci 241Am sources) and a tandem made up of a single 8
      Ci 241Am source. Dose rates at 2 cm from the plaques are 42.0, 47.4, 58.3 and
      56.7 cGy/hr for 5-5, 5-4-5, 5-5-5, and 5-4-4-5 Ci plaques, respectively. The 5-4
      5 Ci plaque in combination with the 8 Ci tandem produces dose rates of 60.0 and
      22.8 cGy/hr to points A and B, respectively. Surface dose rates on the plaque
      applicators are 143, 124, 142 and 132 cGy/hr for 5-5, 5-4-5, 5-5-5 and 5-4-4-5 Ci
      applicators, respectively. The shielding effect of a 0.5 mm thick lead foil on
      one side of the 5-4-5 Ci applicator is found to be a factor of 16.8; for example,
      the dose rate at 2 cm from the unshielded side is 42.0 cGy/hr compared to a dose
      rate of 2.5 cGy/hr at 2 cm from the shielded side. Initial clinical experience
      with this applicator in the treatment of recurrent gynecological lesions is also
      presented.

PMID- 3360664
TI  - A hyperthermia study of differential sensitivity and thermotolerance in AKR
      murine leukemia and normal bone marrow cells.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that AKR leukemia (lymphoma) cells are more
      sensitive than normal bone marrow cells to hyperthermic killing at 41.8 degrees C
      and 42.5 degrees C in vitro. This differential heat sensitivity might be
      explained by a greater ability to induce thermotolerance (TT) in normal versus
      neoplastic hematopoetic cells. We tested this hypothesis using the spleen colony
      methodology in the AKR murine model. A greater heat sensitivity of leukemia in
      comparison to normal bone marrow cells was observed at 42.5 degrees C; this
      observation agrees with previous reports. However, using a preincubation
      temperature of 40.0 degrees C for 120 min did not result in the induction of TT
      in either normal bone marrow (AKR) cells or AKR leukemia cells. The rationale for
      the choice of preincubation temperatures and times, as well as the clinical
      implications of these results are discussed.

PMID- 3360665
TI  - An investigation into the combined effects of X-irradiation and 3MHz ultrasound
      induced hyperthermia on pig skin.
AB  - The thermal enhancement of radiation-induced damage in pig skin has been
      investigated. Heating at 43 degrees C for 60 min was produced by a scanned 3MHz
      ultrasound transducer, immediately after single doses of X rays. The ED50 values
      for the dermal reactions of dusky/mauve erythema and necrosis after irradiation
      alone were 18.6 +/- 0.5 Gy and 20.5 +/- 0.4 Gy, respectively. The reduction in
      the ED50 values to 15.3 +/- 0.4 Gy and 17.7 +/- 0.5 Gy after irradiation plus
      heating was significant and suggested a thermal enhancement ratio (TER) of
      between 1.15 and 1.22. These TER values were within the range obtained in both
      pig and rat skin using other 'dry' heating methods. This would suggest that the
      non-thermal effects of ultrasound do not influence the thermal enhancement of x
      irradiation damage.

PMID- 3360666
TI  - Helping gay and lesbian adolescents and their families. A mother's perspective.
AB  - Gay and lesbian youths confront a number of difficult problems, including telling
      their parents about their sexual orientation and helping their families adjust to
      the news. Ineffective communication, poor self-esteem, and unresolved grief and
      anger often complicate the adolescent's telling his or her parents. Frequently,
      misinformation about homosexuality, religious beliefs, and homophobia adversely
      influence parental reactions. Impediments to the relationship between parents and
      sexual-minority youth are discussed, and strategies to promote positive family
      adjustment are presented.

PMID- 3360667
TI  - The effect of altitude on adolescent growth and development.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of altitude on adolescent growth and development, three
      groups of healthy, well-nourished youth of similar socioeconomic status and
      ethnic grouping who resided at sea level (n = 1262 subjects), mid-altitude (n =
      1743 subjects), and high altitude (n = 1137 subjects) were studied. The following
      parameters were evaluated: weight and height in all subjects; genital and pubic
      hair development in the males; and the initiation of breast development and age
      of menarche in the females. At mid-altitude, puberty appears to start at a
      similar age, but lasts longer, than at sea level. At high altitude, puberty
      starts significantly later and is more prolonged than at sea level and mid
      altitude. Our data reveal relatively little effect of altitude upon growth and
      weight-gain patterns or final attained heights and weights.

PMID- 3360668
TI  - Routine screening for gestational diabetes in white, black, and Mexican-American
      teenagers.
AB  - This study assesses the frequency of gestational diabetes in a multiethnic
      teenage pregnancy clinic. One hundred thirty-seven women age 12-18 years were
      screened with a 1-hour 50-gm glucola test at 24-34 weeks gestation. Screening
      tests were positive in 5.8% of these teenagers, of whom half were obese.
      Gestational diabetes was documented in two primiparas (1.4%). Maternal weight
      gain was excessive in 54%, and 8.7% of the total group had macrosomic infants. We
      conclude that gestational diabetes should be screened for in all young pregnant
      women with the screening test recommended by the Second International Workshop
      Conference on Gestational Diabetes.

PMID- 3360669
TI  - Understanding adolescent mothers' feelings about breast-feeding. A study of
      perceived benefits and barriers.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the benefits and barriers accruing to breast
      feeding as perceived by pregnant adolescents, and to establish whether these
      perceptions distinguished between adolescent mothers who chose to breast versus
      bottle feed. Surveys were completed by 254 young women attending prenatal
      clinics. Overall, 19.3% indicated their intent to breast-feed. When categorized
      by intended method of infant feeding (breast versus bottle), breast-feeding
      mothers cited more benefits and fewer barriers associated with that method of
      infant feeding. Overall, perceived benefits were more successful than perceived
      barriers in distinguishing between the groups of respondents. For those
      interested in promoting breast-feeding among adolescent mothers, our data support
      an emphasis on the diverse benefits of this method of infant feeding. Our results
      also suggest the usefulness of peer role models in correcting misinformation and
      encouraging breast-feeding among adolescent mothers.

PMID- 3360670
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy and severe heart defect. A risky combination.
AB  - Current concern about adolescent pregnancy is based largely on its negative
      impact on the social, developmental, and economic prospects of the mother and her
      infant. The issues of adolescent pregnancy are more complex when the mother has a
      severe heart defect. Our case illustrates the problems that can arise in the
      pressure of associated medical problems. Although the patient's behavior
      contributed substantially to a tragic outcome, we believe that greater
      professional awareness and sensitivity regarding the needs of such adolescent
      patients might have produced a more favorable outcome.

PMID- 3360671
TI  - Morphological transformation of hair cells in the chick basilar papilla following
      an acoustic overstimulation.
AB  - The anatomical damage occurring to the chick basilar papilla following an
      exposure to a 125 dB SPL pure tone has been studied using scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. By combining these two techniques it was
      possible to describe in detail certain types of damage occurring to hair cells at
      the periphery of the traumatized area. Abnormalities such as (1) hair cells with
      a 'giant' apical surface, or (2) with a small apical surface, or (3) without a
      cuticular plate probably represent stages of hair cell dedifferentiation.

PMID- 3360672
TI  - Potassium-depolarization induces motility in isolated outer hair cells by an
      osmotic mechanism.
AB  - Outer hair cells in vitro contract in response to various stimuli: electrical
      stimulation, K+-depolarization, elevation of intracellular calcium or osmotic
      changes of the extracellular medium. The characteristics of motile responses
      induced by K+-depolarization, osmotic changes, and calcium injection were
      compared in this study in order to delineate the underlying mechanisms. Slow
      shape changes in outer hair cells were induced by changes of the osmolality or
      the K+/Na+-ratio of the bathing medium, or by intracellular injections of
      calcium. K+- and osmotically induced contractions of isolated outer hair cells
      had identical morphological features and the same rate (50-200 nm/s) and
      amplitude (up to greater than 10% of original length) of shortening. The
      shortening of the cells was linearly related to an increase in volume in both
      cases. In contrast, the active contraction induced by Ca2+/ATP exhibited a
      somewhat faster rate and no increase in volume. Furthermore, the K+-induced
      contractions in outer hair cells, unlike those reported in smooth muscle cells,
      were unaffected by the removal of external Ca2+ (i.e. medium without Ca2+/Mg2+
      and supplemented with 1 mM EGTA) or the presence of D600, an inhibitor of the
      Ca2+ inward current. The results strongly suggest that K+ induces shape changes
      of outer hair cells via osmotic forces and that intracellular calcium mediates
      contractions by a different mechanism.

PMID- 3360673
TI  - The receptor and neuron distribution in the cochlea of the bat, Taphozous
      kachhensis.
AB  - Cochlear receptors and spiral ganglion neurons in the inner ear of the bat,
      Taphozous kachhensis of the family Emballonuridae, were quantitatively analyzed
      on the basis of surface specimen technique, histological sections, and three
      dimensional computer reconstruction. The length of the basilar membrane was 12.1
      (+/- 0.4) mm. There were about 23,000 neurons in the spiral ganglion and about
      1430 inner hair cells and 4635 outer hair cells in the organ of Corti. Cochlear
      neurons had two density maxima, one basal and one apical. Inner hair cells had
      basically the same distribution but less pronounced. Outer hair cells had only
      one density maximum in the apical region corresponding to the respective maxima
      of inner hair cells and cochlear neurons. Basal density maxima of inner hair
      cells and neurons are most probably involved in the analysis of echolocation
      signals, and presumably correlated with maximum sensitivity of the auditory
      system. A comparison with the bat, Nyctalus noctula of the family
      Vespertilionidae revealed a conspicuous similarity in some quantitative aspects
      of the cochlear structure. These particular similarities may be looked upon as
      convergent adaptations given by similar flight, hunting, and echolocation
      strategies in both bat species.

PMID- 3360674
TI  - Differentiation and distribution of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in the
      mouse cochlea.
AB  - The activities of the globular and asymmetric forms of acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) were measured in the whole cochlea and cochlear turns of the developing
      postnatal mouse. The globular AChE forms (G4, G2 and G1) were present in each
      cochlear turn at birth. An asymmetric AChE form (A12) was detected in the midturn
      on the 4th postnatal day, and in the base and apex on the 7th postnatal day. The
      activities of all AChE molecular forms increased rapidly during the second
      postnatal week and reached a plateau by the 19th postnatal day. In the 26-day old
      mouse, G4 constitutes the largest proportion of total cochlear AChE (57%), G2/G1
      being 37% and A12 being 6%. The distribution of the AChE forms among the
      different turns is as follows: the combined value of the activities of G2 and G1
      AChE was the same in each turn; G4 was the major form in the base and midturn;
      and A12, the least abundant AChE form of all, was localized mainly in the base.
      Our results indicate that in the cochlea (1) the content of molecular forms is
      similar to that of other neuronal systems, (2) the expression of AChE molecular
      forms is developmentally regulated, and (3) the AChE isoenzymes develop and are
      distributed differentially along the cochlear length; resulting near maturity in
      the greater proportional expression of G4 and A12 in the base and midturn and
      G2/G1 in the apex.

PMID- 3360675
TI  - Profile analysis: detecting dynamic spectral changes.
AB  - This paper explores how amplitude modulation influences the detection of changes
      in spectral shape. We generally used a complex of 21 equal-amplitude components,
      the lowest frequency was 200 Hz, the highest 5000 Hz, with equal logarithmic
      spacing between components. The signal was an increase in level of one or more
      components of the complex. The overall level of the sound varied randomly over a
      20-dB range. Three experiments are reported. In the first, we determined how the
      modulation of a single-frequency component influenced the detection of amplitude
      change at that region. In the second experiment, the signal was an alteration of
      the entire spectrum and that alteration was subjected to various forms of
      amplitude modulation. In neither experiment did modulation generally increase the
      detectability of the signal. Finally, in the third experiment, we determined the
      effects of modulating the 'signal' and 'nonsignal' parts of the spectrum in
      different relative phases. The results of this experiment showed that the
      relative phase is important only for modulation rates slower than about 40 Hz.
      For faster rates, the temporal structure of the spectrum is unimportant. Thus,
      for modulation rates above 40 Hz, only the power spectrum of the stimulus is
      critical.

PMID- 3360676
TI  - The relative importance of head size, gender and age on the auditory brainstem
      response.
AB  - Correlations between the ABR (auditory brainstem response) and subject
      characteristics of gender, age, and head diameter were established in simple and
      multiple regression analyses of normal hearing individuals. The simple regression
      tests demonstrated that head diameter and gender were significantly correlated
      with the latencies and amplitudes of waves I, III, and V and the I-V and III-V
      interpeak intervals. In nearly all cases, head diameter correlated more highly
      with the ABR waves than did gender. Males had longer latencies than females with
      comparable head diameter, suggesting that factors other than head size are
      differentiating them. Age was significantly correlated only with the latency of
      wave III. All significant subject variables also were compared simultaneously in
      a multiple regression analysis to determine their order of significance and
      relative contributions to the ABR wave latencies. This permitted the
      establishment of regression equations for each wave latency to predict the ABR
      with measurable subject characteristics.

PMID- 3360677
TI  - Cochlear potentials and their modulation by low-frequency sound in early
      endolymphatic hydrops.
AB  - Seventeen guinea pigs were unilaterally operated to produce endolymphatic
      hydrops. After 2 wk (9 animals) or 4 wk (8 animals), extracochlear
      electrophysiological responses to tone bursts of several frequencies were
      recorded in both the operated and non-operated ears. In addition, modulation by
      low-frequency (29 Hz sinusoidal bias) sound of the responses to 8 kHz tonebursts
      was measured. After the electrophysiological measurements, the animals were
      killed and examined histologically. Four weeks after the operation, cochlear
      microphonics in response to a 500 Hz tone burst and to the 29 Hz bias were
      significantly smaller in the operated ears. The summating potential showed a
      tendency to be larger in the operated ears. The compound action potential input
      output curves for 2 kHz probes showed a small threshold shift accompanied by
      steep slopes, reminiscent of recruitment. Modulation of summating potentials by
      the low-frequency bias was smaller on the operated side. In most cochleae an
      endolymphatic hydrops was observed. Three cochleae showed a collapse of
      Reissner's membrane.

PMID- 3360679
TI  - Sound amplification negates central effects of a neonatal conductive hearing
      loss.
AB  - Neonatal CBA/J mice with external auditory meati removed were raised in a sound
      amplified environment. If amplification continued until sacrifice at 24 or 45
      days of age, both cochlear nuclear volumes and cross-sectional areas of VCN
      globular cells were of normal size; without amplification both measurements were
      significantly reduced.

PMID- 3360678
TI  - Conductive hearing loss affects the growth of the cochlear nuclei over an
      extended period of time.
AB  - During normal growth in CBA/J mice, the volume of dorsal and ventral cochlear
      nuclei change very little between 1 and 3 days of age; then more than double
      between 6 and 12 days of age. After 12 days, the rate of growth declines, but
      growth continues through at least 90 days. The globular cells of the ventral
      cochlear nucleus also double their soma areas between 6 and 12 days, but then
      grow no more. The number of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons containing Nissl
      substance doubles between 6 and 12 days of age and then remains stable. This
      increase in neuronal numbers is probably caused by differentiation of neuroblasts
      into neurons, not by mitoses. Conductive losses from 4 to 45 days, and from 24 to
      45 days, both result in reduced volume of the ventral cochlear nucleus, but have
      no effect on the volume of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Globular cell area is
      affected by a conductive loss from 4 to 45 days of age, but not by a conductive
      loss from 24 to 45 days. Therefore, conductive losses affect neuropil growth
      beyond the time when soma size is no longer affected by these losses.

PMID- 3360680
TI  - Impact of dosage regimens on the efficacy of antibiotics in the immunocompromised
      host.

PMID- 3360681
TI  - Effects of quinolones on mitogen-stimulated human mononuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The effects of several quinolone compounds on mitogen-stimulation of normal human
      mononuclear leucocytes were studied. In these experiments, mononuclear leucocytes
      were obtained from heparinized whole blood of healthy young adult donors by
      Ficoll-hypaque sedimentation. The cells were cultured in the presence of both
      mitogen and various concentrations of the quinolone compounds. Control cultures
      (without the addition of the quinolones) were examined concurrently. Our data
      suggests that the quinolones tested, with the exception of rosoxacin
      (acrosoxacin) at a concentration of 2.5 mg/l, neither impair nor stimulate
      activation of lymphocytes by the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) when used at
      the concentrations obtained during therapy.

PMID- 3360682
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its metabolites in critically ill
      patients.
AB  - We evaluated the disposition of metronidazole and its two major metabolites in 14
      critically ill patients with liver and renal dysfunction. Patients received 500
      mg of metronidazole iv for periods of 2-13 days and were studied either during
      therapy or after their final dose. The metronidazole half-life ranged between
      4.95 and 42.4 h. Patients with obstructive liver disease exhibited the longest
      half-lives (9.15-42.4 h) and lowest clearances (0.281-1.17 ml/min/kg). The
      presence of obstructive liver disease or renal impairment appeared to prolong the
      elimination of the hydroxymetabolite. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of
      metronidazole and its metabolites are significantly affected in critically ill
      patients with liver and renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3360684
TI  - Antibiotics in yersiniosis.

PMID- 3360683
TI  - Reduction of oral flora with ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effect of a short course of ciprofloxacin on the oral microflora was examined
      in 16 healthy volunteers. Salivary specimens were collected before and after two
      750 mg doses of ciprofloxacin administered 12 h apart. Salivary bacteria were
      identified to species level, and total quantitative colony counts were determined
      for each isolate. For all 16 subjects, treatment with ciprofloxacin led to a
      reduction in total bacterial colony counts; the mean inhibitory activity was
      94.9% (range 79.6-99.9%). Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were inhibited in
      every case: 72.5-99.9% for aerobes, mean inhibitory activity 93.5%; 75.0-99.9%
      for anaerobes, mean inhibitory activity 96.9%. Total counts were reduced by two
      or more logarithms in 75% of individuals for aerobes and anaerobes. All classes
      of bacteria were inhibited, with mean inhibitory activities ranging from 91.3% to
      100%. These findings, together with the high salivary levels and low toxicity of
      ciprofloxacin, suggest clinical studies are required to assess its suitability in
      preoperative prophylaxis of patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery.

PMID- 3360685
TI  - Monitoring vancomycin concentrations in CSF after intraventricular
      administration.

PMID- 3360687
TI  - The uptake of 3H-norfloxacin by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes.

PMID- 3360686
TI  - Synergy between clavulanic acid and newer beta-lactams on nine clinical isolates
      of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium resistant
      to third-generation cephalosporins.

PMID- 3360688
TI  - Distribution of ampicillin to chronic maxillary inflammatory tissues (granuloma)
      after administration of a single dose of bacampicillin.

PMID- 3360689
TI  - A critique of animal pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3360690
TI  - Clinical trials and the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3360691
TI  - Characterization of tetracycline-resistant strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum.
AB  - Gel electrophoresis revealed no plasmids in cloned strains of Ureaplasma
      urealyticum for which minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of tetracycline
      were greater than 64 mg/l. However, DNA from these strains hybridized with the
      tetM sequence from Streptococcus agalactiae in dot blot hybridization, whilst DNA
      from more-susceptible strains did not do so. Our results confirm and extend
      previous work, in which the tetM sequence was associated with resistance to the
      tetracycline antibiotics in strains of U. urealyticum. The strains examined in
      this study were isolated primarily in western North America but included
      representatives from Europe and the United Kingdom. Serotyping showed an increase
      in strains with the serotype 9 determinant and a decrease in those with the
      serotype 14 determinant together with a shift to the biotype 2 cluster (P = less
      than 0.02). To characterize these strains and to identify alternative antibiotics
      for therapeutic and basic research applications, 26 tetracycline-resistant
      strains were tested against 25 diverse antimicrobial agents. All demonstrated in
      vitro susceptibility to rosaramicin but were resistant to 2 mg/l erythromycin.
      Only two of the strains were resistant to 16 mg/l erythromycin. Most antibiotics
      were not active against these isolates, but low concentrations of filipin and
      unconventional agents such as flurofamide and hydroquinone inhibited the growth
      of some strains.

PMID- 3360692
TI  - Quantitative study of the interaction between two antibiotics by agar diffusion.
AB  - In order to quantify the interaction between two antibiotics by agar diffusion, a
      fractional critical concentration (FCC) index, analogous to the fractional
      inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, was defined. Two pairs of filter paper
      strips, containing different concentrations of each of two antibiotics, were
      placed at right angles on an agar plate. After 2 h of diffusion the strips were
      removed and the plate was inoculated with bacteria. The FCC index was calculated
      after overnight incubation. Three combinations of antibiotics were studied:
      trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tobramycin-cefazolin and vancomycin-rifampicin.
      Over 80% agreement was obtained between the FCC indices and the FIC indices
      obtained by the chequerboard microdilution technique. The novel diffusion method
      thus appears promising and warrants further evaluation.

PMID- 3360693
TI  - Metronidazole and gentamicin prophylaxis in synergistic aerobe-anaerobe
      infections in mice.
AB  - The efficacy of prophylaxis by intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin,
      metronidazole or both drugs combined was investigated in a mouse model of mixed
      infection with Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. A three dose
      prophylactic regimen given 12 hourly was studied starting simultaneously with
      bacterial challenge. Serum antibiotic concentrations lay within the human
      therapeutic ranges. Metronidazole alone eliminated B. fragilis from the
      developing infections, but at higher challenge doses the mice developed abscesses
      which contained E. coli, and mortality was no different from controls. Gentamicin
      alone eliminated both bacteria and deaths in all infections, but sterile
      abscesses occurred in two of five animals at the highest challenge dose. Mixed
      metronidazole + gentamicin abolished all effects of the challenge bacteria,
      aborting all infections for all challenge doses with no formation of sterile
      abscesses. It is proposed that, in abdominal surgery, although metronidazole or
      gentamicin may be effective given alone for low levels of contamination, for
      higher levels (e.g. colonic surgery) both drugs may be required.

PMID- 3360694
TI  - Neurotoxicity of benzylpenicillin: correlation to concentrations in serum,
      cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue fluid in rabbits.
AB  - The neurotoxic potential of benzylpenicillin, administered as continuous
      intravenous infusion, was studied in rabbits. Thirteen animals were killed at the
      onset of epileptogenic EEG activity (seven) or convulsions (six).
      Benzylpenicillin levels were determined in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and
      brain tissue fluid. High doses of benzylpenicillin were required to induce
      neurotoxicity; epileptogenic (EEG) changes were seen at serum levels of 510-960
      mg/l and convulsions at 920-1902 mg/l. Neurotoxicity correlated well with levels
      of benzylpenicillin in brain tissue fluid, calculated as 10 x the concentration
      in whole brain tissue. The correlation of neurotoxic reactions to levels of
      benzylpenicillin in CSF was poor and the CSF levels were consistently lower than
      those in brain tissue fluid. The technique used was found to be a satisfactory,
      though laborious, way to study neurotoxicity of drugs.

PMID- 3360695
TI  - Treatment failure in Trichomonas vaginalis infections in females. I.
      Concentrations of metronidazole in plasma and vaginal content during normal and
      high dosage.
AB  - Concurrent estimation by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the
      concentrations of metronidazole in plasma and vaginal content in 12 patients with
      infections due to Trichomonas vaginalis who did not respond to normal and high
      dose treatment has shown that the two levels are closely related to each other
      and to the dose. Individual idiosyncrasies in absorption of drug from the gut
      lumen or in its transfer into the vaginal content are unlikely to be the cause of
      treatment failure.

PMID- 3360696
TI  - Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis in hysterectomy.

PMID- 3360697
TI  - In-vitro activity of fosfomycin against different Staphylococcus species.

PMID- 3360698
TI  - In-vitro sensitivity of legionellas and mycoplasmas to amifloxacin.

PMID- 3360699
TI  - Improving and developing analytical methods ... a continuing challenge.

PMID- 3360700
TI  - Disposable cartridge extraction of retinol and alpha-tocopherol from fatty
      samples.
AB  - A new approach is proposed for liquid/solid extraction of retinol and alpha
      tocopherol from samples, using a disposable kieselguhr cartridge. The
      substitution of the mixture methanol-ethanol-n-butanol (4 + 3 + 1) for methanol
      in the alkaline hydrolysis solution makes it now possible to process fatty
      samples. Methanol is necessary to solubilize the antioxidant ascorbic acid, and a
      linear chain alcohol such as n-butanol is necessary to reduce the size of soap
      micelles so that they can penetrate into the kieselguhr pores. In comparisons of
      the proposed method with conventional methods on mineral premixes and fatty
      feedstuffs, recovery and accuracy are at least as good by the proposed method.
      Advantages are increased rate of determinations and the ability to hydrolyze and
      extract retinol and alpha-tocopherol together from the same sample.

PMID- 3360701
TI  - Determination of aztreonam and L-arginine combination in parenteral formulations.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive and precise liquid chromatographic method is presented for the
      determination of aztreonam alone, in the presence of its degradation product, and
      in a parenteral formulation containing l-arginine. A reverse phase column and
      0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6)-methanol (95 + 5) with mobile phase at a flow rate
      of 2 mL/min is used. The method is sensitive for the range of 10-50 micrograms/mL
      with a relative standard deviation of less than 2%. The method has been applied
      to a parenteral formulation containing aztreonam and l-arginine. L-Arginine is
      also determined by a nonaqueous titrimetric method.

PMID- 3360702
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of flucytosine in capsules: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of flucytosine in capsules
      was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses a C18 reverse
      phase column, water-methanol-acetic acid mobile phase containing 1-octanesulfonic
      acid sodium salt, p-aminobenzoic acid as internal standard, and photometric
      detection at 285 nm. The mean recovery value (+/- SD) of flucytosine from a
      synthetic formulation representing capsules was 99.2 +/- 1.72% (CV = 1.73%).
      Composited samples of 250 and 500 mg commercial capsules gave assay values of
      (mean +/- SD) 103.17 +/- 2.21 and 99.29 +/- 1.29% of declared, respectively. CV
      values were 2.15 and 1.30%. Reproducibility and repeatability CVs were 2.19 and
      1.50%, respectively, for the 250 mg capsules, and 1.34 and 0.63%, respectively,
      for the 500 mg capsules. The method has been adopted official first action.

PMID- 3360703
TI  - Manual determination of minced fish flesh in mixed fillet-minced cod blocks:
      collaborative study.
AB  - A simple, rapid method for determining the amount of minced fish in mixed fillet
      minced cod blocks was tested by 9 collaborators. Each collaborator first examined
      2 practice blocks containing 20% mince, and then examined 6 blind duplicate
      samples of 5 lb cod blocks from each of 3 test lots containing, respectively,
      26.25, 18.75, and 12.5% mince. The data from one of the 9 collaborators was not
      usable because of a malfunctioning scale. Standard deviations (SD) for the 3 lots
      (all 8 collaborators combined) were 1.77, 1.51, and 1.65, and coefficients of
      variation (CV) were 6.8, 8.9, and 16.2%, respectively. For comparison, the
      results of an informal collaborative study by 10 participants on 16.5 lb mixed
      cod blocks containing 20.1% mince were SD 2.72 and CV 0.136%. Collaborators
      reported no problems with the method, and statistical analysis shows the method
      to be sufficiently precise for this type of determination. The method has been
      adopted official first action for cod.

PMID- 3360705
TI  - Rapid determination of aflatoxins in raw peanuts by liquid chromatography with
      postcolumn iodination and modified minicolumn cleanup.
AB  - A method is described for rapid cleanup followed by reverse-phase liquid
      chromatographic (LC) quantitation of aflatoxins in raw peanuts. A modified
      minicolumn cleanup is used for sample preparation, and a preliminary estimation
      of aflatoxin content by minicolumn can be made so that highly contaminated
      samples can be diluted before LC analysis. The use of the simple, quick
      minicolumn cleanup eliminates the need for further column or cartridge cleanup,
      thus greatly reducing sample preparation time. Sensitive quantitation is achieved
      using a phenyl column, a mobile phase of water-tetrahydrofuran (80 + 20, v/v),
      and postcolumn derivatization with water-saturated iodine followed by
      fluorescence detection. The recoveries of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 from
      peanut meal spiked at 3 levels ranged from 71.7 to 88.3% (average 80%) with
      coefficients of variation from 2.7 to 10.4%.

PMID- 3360706
TI  - Simultaneous liquid chromatographic screening of five coccidiostats in chicken
      liver.
AB  - A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for
      simultaneously determining 5 coccidiostats--aklomide, dinsed, ethopabate,
      nitromide, and zoalene in chicken liver. The method entails blender extraction of
      10 g liver with ethyl acetate, column chromatography through Sephadex LH-20 and
      neutral alumina, and LC analysis on a C18 column with UV detection at 260 nm. The
      drugs were eluted from Sephadex with methanol-benzene (10 + 90), from alumina
      with methanol-dichloromethane (10 + 90), and from C18 with acetonitrile-water
      (linear gradient: 25% acetonitrile for 10 min, increasing to 55% over 15 min;
      flow rate 1 mL/min). Liquid chromatography was completed in 40 min and
      calculations were based on peak height measurements. Average recoveries of the
      coccidiostats from fortified liver ranged from 72 to 97%, except for dinsed,
      which showed a relatively constant average recovery of 57%. The detection limit
      for the standards was 2.5 ng on column. Levels as low as 50 ng/g were detected in
      fortified liver samples.

PMID- 3360704
TI  - Use of ten gram samples of corn for determination of mycotoxins.
AB  - Data were gathered, during a study on the development of an automated system for
      the extraction, cleanup, and quantitation of mycotoxins in corn, to determine if
      it was scientifically sound to reduce the analytical sample size. Five, 10, and
      25 g test portions were analyzed and statistically compared with 50 g test
      portions of the same composites for aflatoxin concentration variance. Statistical
      tests used to determine whether the 10 and 50 g sample sizes differed
      significantly showed a satisfactory observed variance ratio (Fobs) of 2.03 for
      computations of pooled standard deviations; paired t-test values of 0.952, 1.43,
      and 0.224 were computed for each of the 3 study samples. The results meet
      acceptable limits, since each sample's t-test result is less than the published
      value of the /t/, which is 1.6909 for the test conditions. The null hypothesis is
      retained since the sample sizes do not give significantly different values for
      the mean analyte concentration. The percent coefficients of variation (CVs) for
      all samples tested were within the expected range. In addition, the variance due
      to sample mixing was evaluated using radioisotope-labeled materials, yielding an
      acceptable CV of 22.2%. The variance due to the assay procedure was also
      evaluated and showed an aflatoxin B, recovery of 78.9% and a CV of 11.4%. Results
      support the original premise that a sufficiently ground and blended sample would
      produce an analyte variance for a 10 g sample that was statistically comparable
      with that for a 50 g sample.

PMID- 3360708
TI  - A systematic approach to inventory control with (or without) a computer.

PMID- 3360707
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of bendiocarb standard
      residues in water.
AB  - A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the microdetermination of
      bendiocarb in water. The method is based on the reaction of bendiocarb phenol
      resulting from the hydrolysis of bendiocarb with nitric acid to form a yellow
      complex with an adsorption maximum at 420 nm. The method is applicable for
      estimation of residues of bendiocarb in the range of 10-100 micrograms/5 mL
      solution.

PMID- 3360709
TI  - The leaking battery.

PMID- 3360710
TI  - Refusing to photograph AIDS patients?

PMID- 3360711
TI  - Photography of the cleft palate.

PMID- 3360713
TI  - Shock, vibration and movement: turbulence in the midst of still photography.

PMID- 3360712
TI  - Desktop publishing for a small medical media production department: a case study.

PMID- 3360714
TI  - Reflected ultraviolet photography in dermatological research.

PMID- 3360715
TI  - A simple transparency copystand with precise light measuring capabilities.

PMID- 3360716
TI  - Oppositional disorder: fact or fiction?

PMID- 3360717
TI  - Psychopathology in the parents of children with conduct disorder and
      hyperactivity.

PMID- 3360718
TI  - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine oxidase in attention
      deficit disorder and conduct disorder.

PMID- 3360719
TI  - Effects of dextroamphetamine and contingency management on a preschooler with
      ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder.

PMID- 3360720
TI  - Psychogenic basis for abdominal pain in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3360721
TI  - A study of somatic complaints and psychiatric diagnosis in children.

PMID- 3360722
TI  - Clomipramine treatment of delusional disorder-somatic type.

PMID- 3360723
TI  - Judging mental health-sickness in children: development of a rating scale.

PMID- 3360724
TI  - Chronic family adversity and school-age children's adjustment.

PMID- 3360725
TI  - Parental functioning and the home environment in families of divorce: prospective
      and concurrent analyses.

PMID- 3360726
TI  - Single-parent families: child psychiatric disorder and school performance.

PMID- 3360727
TI  - Combining group and individual psychotherapy: impact on the individual treatment
      experience.

PMID- 3360728
TI  - Violent or assaultive youth: dimensional and categorical comparisons with mental
      health samples.

PMID- 3360729
TI  - Neuropsychological deficit and self-reported delinquency in an unselected birth
      cohort.

PMID- 3360730
TI  - Psychiatric diagnoses in adolescent sex offenders.

PMID- 3360731
TI  - Randomized trial of methylphenidate for an autistic child.

PMID- 3360732
TI  - Methylphenidate treatment of hyperactive autistic children.

PMID- 3360733
TI  - Psychogenic and neurodevelopmental factors in autism.

PMID- 3360734
TI  - Anatomically correct dolls: should they be used as the basis for expert
      testimony?

PMID- 3360735
TI  - The sex abuse controversy.

PMID- 3360736
TI  - Sexual abuse and psychopathology in hospitalized adolescents.

PMID- 3360737
TI  - Child custody and child psychiatry.

PMID- 3360738
TI  - Reliability and validity of the DICA.

PMID- 3360739
TI  - Theories of ADDH.

PMID- 3360740
TI  - Sequence analysis of the mosquitocidal toxin genes encoding 51.4- and 41.9
      kilodalton proteins from Bacillus sphaericus 2362 and 2297.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences of a 3,479-base-pair HindIII DNA fragment from Bacillus
      sphaericus 2362 and a 2,940-base-pair fragment from strain 2297 were determined;
      only minor differences were detected between them. Each contained two open
      reading frames coding for proteins of 51.4 and 41.9 kilodaltons. Both proteins
      were required for toxicity to larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens.

PMID- 3360741
TI  - Altered peptidoglycan structure in a pneumococcal transformant resistant to
      penicillin.
AB  - A series of isogenic pneumococcal transformants differing in their levels of
      penicillin resistance and containing altered penicillin-binding proteins were
      compared for their cell wall structures by using a recently developed technique
      that can resolve the peptidoglycan stem peptides of Pneumococcus strains to over
      40 components (J. F. Garcia-Bustos, B. T. Chait, and A. Tomasz, J. Biol. Chem.
      32:15400-15405). The stem peptides from the highly resistant transformants
      differed strikingly from those of the susceptible recipient strain, and the
      peptide patterns were almost identical to that of the DNA donor. Four peptides
      representing the major components in the walls of susceptible cells were replaced
      by six new peptides that were only minor components of susceptible cell walls. A
      remarkable common feature of these new species was their high alanine content.
      Amino acid analysis, sequencing, and mass spectrometry allowed the assignment of
      the extra alanine residues to dialanine or alanylserine cross bridges in the six
      new stem peptides. The common feature of the four peptide species that were
      present as major components in the susceptible walls, but became minor species in
      the resistant cells, was the absence of a cross bridge in at least one of the
      stem peptide components. We suggest that the extensive remodelling of cell wall
      synthetic enzymes that accompanies acquisition of penicillin resistance
      eventually also alters the reactivity of these proteins towards their natural
      substrates in cell wall synthesis. As a result, highly penicillin-resistant
      pneumococci will shift from the use of wall precursors with linear stem peptides
      to a preferential use of precursors containing the more-hydrophobic peptides
      carrying dialanyl or alanylserine cross bridges.

PMID- 3360742
TI  - A polysaccharide from Streptococcus sanguis 34 that inhibits coaggregation of S.
      sanguis 34 with Actinomyces viscosus T14V.
AB  - Coaggregation between Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Streptococcus sanguis 34
      depends on interaction of a lectin on A. viscosus T14V with a cell surface
      carbohydrate on S. sanguis 34. This carbohydrate was isolated, and its chemical
      makeup was established. The carbohydrate remained attached to S. sanguis 34 cells
      through extraction with Triton X-100 and treatment with pronase. It was cleaved
      from the cell residue by autoclaving and purified by differential centrifugation
      and column chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and Sephadex G-75. The polysaccharide
      contained phosphate which was neither inorganic nor monoester. Treatment with
      NaOH-NaBH4, followed by Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, or with 48% HF at
      4 degrees C, followed by NaBH4, yielded inorganic phosphate and oligosaccharide
      alditols. Therefore, the polysaccharide is composed of oligosaccharide units
      joined together by phosphodiester bridges. The structure and stereochemistry of
      the main oligosaccharide alditol was established previously (F. C. McIntire, C.
      A. Bush, S.-S. Wu, S.-C. Li, Y.-T. Li, M. McNeil, S. Tjoa, and P. V. Fennessey,
      Carbohydr. Res. 166:133-143). Permethylation analysis, 1H and 31P nuclear
      magnetic resonance studies on the whole polysaccharide revealed the position of
      the phosphodiester linkages. The polysaccharide is mainly a polymer of (6)
      GalNAc(alpha 1-3)Rha(beta 1-4)Glc(beta 1-6)Galf(beta 1-6)GalNAc(beta 1-
      3)Gal(alpha 1)-OPO3. It reacted as a single antigen with antiserum to S. sanguis
      34 cells and was a potent inhibitor of coaggregation between A. viscosus T14V and
      S. sanguis 34. Quantitative inhibition of precipitation assays with
      oligosaccharides, O-allyl N-acetylgalactosaminides, and simple sugars indicated
      that specific antibodies were directed to the GalNAc end of the hexasaccharide
      unit. In contrast, coaggregation was inhibited much more effectively by
      saccharides containing betaGalNAc. Thus, the specificity of the A. viscosus T14V
      lectin is strikingly different from that of antibodies directed against the S.
      sanguis 34 polysaccharide.

PMID- 3360743
TI  - Transduction of plasmid DNA in Streptomyces spp. and related genera by
      bacteriophage FP43.
AB  - A segment (hft) of bacteriophage FP43 DNA cloned into plasmid pIJ702 mediated
      high-frequency transduction of the resulting plasmid (pRHB101) by FP43 in
      Streptomyces griseofuscus. The transducing particles contained linear concatemers
      of plasmid DNA. Lysates of FP43 prepared on S. griseofuscus containing pRHB101
      also transduced many other Streptomyces species, including several that restrict
      plaque formation by FP43 and at least two that produce restriction endonucleases
      that cut pRHB101 DNA. Transduction efficiencies in different species were
      influenced by the addition of anti-FP43 antiserum to the transduction plates, the
      temperature for cell growth before transduction, the multiplicity of infection,
      and the host on which the transducing lysate was prepared. FP43 lysates prepared
      on S. griseofuscus(pRHB101) also transduced species of Streptoverticillium,
      Chainia, and Saccharopolyspora.

PMID- 3360744
TI  - Statistical and functional analyses of viral and cellular proteins with N
      terminal amphipathic alpha-helices with large hydrophobic moments: importance to
      macromolecular recognition and organelle targeting.
AB  - A total of 1,911 proteins with N-terminal methionyl residues were computer
      screened for potential N-terminal alpha-helices with strong amphipathic
      character. By the criteria of D. Eisenberg (Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:595-623,
      1984), only 3.5% of nonplastid, nonviral proteins exhibited potential N-terminal
      alpha-helices, 18 residues in length, with hydrophobic moment values per amino
      acyl residue ([muH]) in excess of 0.4. By contrast, 10% of viral proteins
      exhibited corresponding [muH] values in excess of 0.4. Of these viral proteins
      with known functions, 55% were found to interact functionally with nucleic acids,
      30% were membrane-interacting proteins or their precursors, and 15% were
      structural proteins, primarily concerned with host cell interactions. These
      observations suggest that N-terminal amphipathic alpha-helices of viral proteins
      may (i) function in nucleic acid binding, (ii) facilitate membrane insertion, and
      (iii) promote host cell interactions. Analyses of potential amphipathic N
      terminal alpha-helices of cellular proteins are also reported, and their
      significance to organellar or envelope targeting is discussed.

PMID- 3360745
TI  - Metabolism of adenylylated nucleotides in Clostridium acetobutylicum.
AB  - In response to the stresses imposed by temperature upshift or addition of
      butanol, Clostridium acetobutylicum cultures accumulated diadenosine-5',5'''
      P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and adenosine 5'-P1,P4-tetraphospho-5'-guanosine
      (Ap4G) to high levels. The two adenylylated nucleotides were also accumulated in
      batch culture in the absence of imposed stresses when the clostridia switched
      from the acidogenic phase of growth to the solventogenic phase. Most of the
      adenylylated nucleotides were extracellular. The intracellular concentrations of
      these compounds were low throughout batch growth and in cells stressed by added
      butanol. In contrast to other procaryotes, these clostridia did not possess
      enzymes to degrade the dinucleotides, as shown with both intact cells and cell
      free preparations. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that
      endogenously produced solvents are stressful to the cells, stimulating the
      synthesis of adenylylated nucleotides. The nucleotides accumulate extracellularly
      because they cannot be degraded and because the cell membranes are permeabilized
      by the solvents produced.

PMID- 3360746
TI  - Identification of two new cell division genes that affect a high-molecular-weight
      penicillin-binding protein in Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are membrane proteins associated with the
      synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. We report the characterization of 14 PBPs
      in Caulobacter crescentus, using in vivo and in vitro penicillin-binding assays
      and experiments to determine their possible role in cell division. New
      conditional cell cycle mutants were isolated by selecting cephalosporin-C
      resistant mutants of the beta-lactamase strain SC1107 at 30 degrees C that are
      also defective in cell division at 37 degrees C. They fall into two classes,
      represented by strains PC8002 and PC8003. Strain PC8002 produced short cells
      arrested at all stages of cell division at 37 degrees C and was found to contain
      a high-molecular-weight PBP 1B which was temperature sensitive when assayed in
      vivo and in vitro. Strain PC8003 was blocked at an early stage of cell division
      and formed tightly coiled, unpinched filaments. This cephalosporin-C-resistant
      strain was also defective in PBP 1B, but only when assayed in vivo. PBP 1B
      behaved like a high-affinity PBP, and in competition assays, beta-lactams that
      induced filamentation bound preferentially to PBP 1B. These results and the
      phenotype of mutant PC8002 suggest that PBP 1B is required for cell division, as
      well as for cell growth, in C. crescentus. The behavior of strain PC8003 suggests
      that it contains a conditionally defective gene product that interacts in some
      way with PBP 1B at an early stage of cell division. None of the mutants showed an
      allele-specific PBP pattern when assayed in vitro at the nonpermissive
      temperature, but all of them displayed temperature-sensitive PBP 1C (102
      kilodaltons) activity. Thus, it appears that PBP 1C is inhibited at 37 degree C
      as a consequence of filamentous growth.

PMID- 3360747
TI  - Induction of high-affinity phenol uptake in glycerol-grown Trichosporon cutaneum.
AB  - Two uptake systems for phenol are identified in Trichosporon cutaneum. One is an
      inducible, high-affinity system, sensitive to protonophores. It is induced
      coordinately with phenol hydroxylase but can operate independently of phenol
      metabolism. The other is a constitutive, low-affinity system with different
      specificity and different pH optimum. It is not sensitive to protonophores.

PMID- 3360748
TI  - Scanning electron microscope studies of Agrobacterium tumefaciens attachment to
      Zea mays, Gladiolus sp., and Triticum aestivum.
AB  - Scanning electron microscope studies demonstrated that cells of Agrobacterium
      tumefaciens strains attach to cells on the cut surfaces of corn and wheat
      seedlings and to gladiolus disks. Bacterial cells attached to these monocots in
      the same manner as they attached to the dicots tested. Of the strains tested, A66
      and T37 covered more of the cut surfaces of these monocots in a nonrandom fashion
      than did cells of other isolates. These bacteria attached to cells of intact
      monocotyledonous plants and had the greatest affinity for tissues located within
      the vascular bundles. They attached in large numbers to cells in these areas in
      all three monocots tested.

PMID- 3360749
TI  - Abundant expression of Pseudomonas genes for chlorocatechol metabolism.
AB  - The respective specific activities of catechol 1,2-oxygenase II (catechol 1,2
      dioxygenase; EC 1.13.11.1) and muconate cycloisomerase II (chloromuconate
      cycloisomerase; EC 5.5.1.7) in crude extracts of chlorobenzoate-grown Pseudomonas
      cells corresponded to about 16 and 11% of the soluble cell protein. High levels
      of protein synthesis appeared to compensate for a loss in catalytic activity that
      accompanied evolutionary acquisition of broad substrate specificity required for
      the enzymes to accommodate halogenated substrates.

PMID- 3360750
TI  - A novel glycosphingolipid hydrolyzing enzyme, glycosphingolipid ceramide
      deacylase, which cleaves the linkage between the fatty acid and sphingosine base
      in glycosphingolipids.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the GM2 ganglioside cannot be cleaved by exo-beta-N
      acetylhexosaminidases isolated from molds or bacterial sources. Here, a novel GM2
      ganglioside-degrading enzyme was found in cells of Nocardia sp. This enzyme
      releases free fatty acids from the GM2 ganglioside. The chemical structure of the
      resultant lyso-GM2 ganglioside has been characterized by fast atom bombardment
      mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy. Using 14C-labeled GM2, at the fatty acid moiety, with stearic acid
      as the substrate, the optimum pH was determined to be 5.8. The enzyme was
      demonstrated to be capable of releasing fatty acids from GM3, GM2, GM1, and GD1a,
      and from neutral glycosphingolipids including Gb3-Cer, asialo-GM2, and asialo
      GM1, but not from sphingolipids including Cer, Gal-Cer, Glc-Cer, and Lac-Cer.
      This enzyme, tentatively called glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase, was found
      to be a tightly membrane-bound enzyme.

PMID- 3360751
TI  - Effects of hydrated water on protein unfolding.
AB  - The conformational stability of a protein in aqueous solution is described in
      terms of the thermodynamic properties such as unfolding Gibbs free energy, which
      is the difference in the free energy (Gibbs function) between the native and
      random conformations in solution. The properties are composed of two
      contributions, one from enthalpy due to intramolecular interactions among
      constituent atoms and chain entropy of the backbone and side chains, and the
      other from the hydrated water around a protein molecule. The hydration free
      energy and enthalpy at a given temperature for a protein of known three
      dimensional structure can be calculated from the accessible surface areas of
      constituent atoms according to a method developed recently. Since the hydration
      free energy and enthalpy for random conformations are computed from those for an
      extended conformation, the thermodynamic properties of unfolding are evaluated
      quantitatively. The evaluated hydration properties for proteins of known
      transition temperature (Tm) and unfolding enthalpy (delta Hm) show an
      approximately linear dependence on the number of constituent heavy atoms. Since
      the unfolding free energy is zero at Tm, the enthalpy originating from
      interatomic interactions of a polypeptide chain and the chain entropy are
      evaluated from an experimental value of delta Hm and computed properties due to
      the hydrated water around the molecule at Tm. The chain enthalpy and entropy thus
      estimated are largely compensated by the hydration enthalpy and entropy,
      respectively, making the unfolding free energy and enthalpy relatively small. The
      computed temperature dependences of the unfolding free energy and enthalpy for
      RNase A, T4 lysozyme, and myoglobin showed a good agreement with the experimental
      ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360753
TI  - Thermotropic behavior and electronmicroscopic structures of mixtures of
      gangliosides and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The calorimetric properties and morphological structures of dispersed mixtures of
      1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and highly purified human
      brain gangliosides, GM2, GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b, were studied using a high
      sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter and an electron-microscope, as a
      function of the ganglioside molar fraction. No thermal phase transitions of pure
      gangliosides in aqueous dispersions could be detected. In the mixtures of DPPC
      and gangliosides, the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition occurred at a
      higher temperature than in pure DPPC dispersions and progressed over a wide
      temperature range. As increasing amounts of the pure ganglioside species were
      added to DPPC, the temperature for the main transition gradually increased. The
      phase transition progressed differently among different gangliosides/DPPC
      mixtures. The enthalpy values were found to decrease linearly as the number of
      sialic acid residues increased. Electron-microscopically the ganglioside/DPPC
      mixtures formed multilamellar structures at lower concentrations of the
      gangliosides, and the structures changed to cylindrical and spherical micelles as
      the ganglioside concentration was increased. The polysialoganglioside/DPPC
      mixtures showed the micellar form even at lower ganglioside concentrations,
      contrary to the case of the monosialoganglioside/DPPC mixtures. The morphological
      changes of gangliosides/DPPC mixtures corresponded with changes in the
      calorimetric properties. These results show that individual gangliosides have
      different physicochemical effects on model membranes, possibly because of the
      interaction of their negatively charged head groups.

PMID- 3360752
TI  - Purification and characterization of ferredoxin from Desulfovibrio vulgaris
      Miyazaki.
AB  - Two ferredoxins, Fd I and Fd II, were isolated and purified from Desulfovibrio
      vulgaris Miyazaki. The major component, Fd I, is an iron-sulfur protein of Mr
      12,000, composed of two identical subunits. The absorption spectra of Fd I and Fd
      II have a broad absorption shoulder near 400 nm characteristic of iron-sulfur
      proteins. The purity index, A400/A280, of Fd I is 0.69, and its millimolar
      absorption coefficient at 400 nm is 3.73 per Fe. It contains two redox centers
      with discrete redox behaviors. The amino acid composition and the N-terminal
      sequence of Fd I are similar to those of Fd III of Desulfovibrio africanus
      Benghazi and Fd II of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Norway. Fd I does not serve as
      an electron carrier for the hydrogenase of D. vulgaris Miyazaki, but it serves as
      a carrier for pyruvate dehydrogenase of this bacterium. The evolution of H2 from
      pyruvate was observed by a reconstructed system containing purified hydrogenase,
      cytochrome C3, Fd I, partially purified pyruvate dehydrogenase, and CoA. The H2
      sulfite reducing system can be reconstructed from the purified hydrogenase,
      cytochrome C3, Fd I and desulfoviridin (sulfite reductase), but the reaction rate
      is very slow compared to that of the crude extract at the same molar ratio of the
      components.

PMID- 3360754
TI  - In vitro loss of hydrophobicity of trehalase from the brush border membrane of
      rabbit kidney cortex.
AB  - Trehalase solubilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 and 0.5% deoxycholate from the brush
      border membrane of rabbit kidney cortex was all adsorbed on phenyl-Sepharose
      equilibrated with elution buffer containing no detergents, and all the adsorbed
      enzyme was eluted in one peak on the addition of 0.5% Triton X-100 to the elution
      buffer, in contrast to the results reported by Nakano and Sacktor (J. Biochem.
      97, 1329-1335 (1985], who separated two forms of trehalase differing in
      hydrophobicity from rabbit kidney. On concentration of detergent-solubilized
      extracts, followed by incubation at 37 degrees C, however, there appeared
      trehalase nonadsorbable on phenyl-Sepharose, i.e. a hydrophilic trehalase.
      Various protease inhibitors added to the concentrated extracts did not inhibit
      this conversion at all. The concentration-incubation treatment also increased the
      proportion of trehalase that interacts with Con A-Sepharose. These results
      indicate that kidney trehalase that interacts with Con A-Sepharose. These results
      indicate that kidney trehalase is susceptible to some lytic action of a factor(s)
      intrinsic to the brush border membrane (limited autolysis), as seen with rabbit
      intestinal trehalase (Yokota et al., (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 881, 405-414).
      Therefore, in studies of the molecular form of trehalase (and other proteins) in
      the brush border membrane of the kidney and intestine where a lot of hydrolases
      exist, it is very important to take account of limited autolysis which results in
      some chemical modifications without affecting enzymatic activity.

PMID- 3360755
TI  - Biosynthesis and localization of rat liver microsomal carboxyesterase E1.
AB  - One of the microsomal carboxyesterases, carboxyesterase E1, was purified from rat
      liver to homogeneity. Carboxyesterase E1 is a glycoprotein of high mannose type,
      and is composed of three identical subunits of 59 kDa each. It is very similar to
      "esterase pI 6.0" described by Menthein et al. (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 200, 547
      559 (1980)) in molecular weight, amino acid composition, and enzymic activities.
      Carboxyesterase E1 was found to be evenly distributed between rough and smooth
      microsomes. The content of the enzyme in microsomes was about 1.5% of total
      microsomal protein. It was exclusively located on the luminal side of microsomes,
      and was not detected immunologically in Golgi fractions or serum. In vitro
      translation of rat liver RNA by reticulocyte lysate showed that carboxyesterase
      E1 was synthesized preferentially on the bound ribosomes, as a precursor peptide
      larger than the peptide of the mature enzyme. Carboxyesterase E1 was solubilized
      from microsomes by treatment with low concentrations of detergents. However, it
      was not released from microsomes by treatment with a synthetic peptide which made
      the microsomal membrane permeable to soluble protein molecules. Carboxyesterase
      E1 is not a soluble luminal protein, and seems to be bound to the luminal surface
      of the membrane.

PMID- 3360756
TI  - Two isoforms of 17-kDa essential light chain of aorta media smooth muscle myosin.
AB  - Aorta myosin contains two kinds of light chain, 20-kDa phosphorylatable light
      chain and 17-kDa essential light chain (LC17). Purified myosin from porcine aorta
      media showed 3 distinct light chain bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (PAGE) in the presence of urea (urea-PAGE). The mobilities of the faster two
      components did not change after incubation of the myosin with a myosin light
      chain kinase. Gel slices containing the faster two bands were separately
      subjected to PAGE in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. Both components
      showed identical mobility with that of LC17. The two components were designated
      as LC17a and LC17b in increasing order of mobility on urea-PAGE. They were
      isolated by DEAE-Toyopearl ion exchange column chromatography. The amino acid
      compositions of LC17a and LC17b were similar to each other, but the contents of
      Ser, Met, Ile, and His were distinctly different. These results suggest that the
      two components are isoforms. The ratio of the content of each isoform (LC17a:
      LC17b) in the purified porcine aorta myosin was 39:61, and essentially the same
      ratio was found with washed muscle homogenate of porcine aorta. Then washed aorta
      muscle homogenates of rabbit and rat were examined. Two bands having similar
      mobilities to those of porcine homogenate were also found in urea-PAGE. The
      ratios of the two components were 31:69 and 66:34, respectively, for rabbit and
      rat. Aorta smooth muscle thus may contain many types of isomyosin.

PMID- 3360757
TI  - Tryptophan residue essential for activity of Naja naja atra phospholipase A2.
AB  - When Naja naja atra phospholipase A2, which contains three tryptophan residues at
      the 18th, 19th, and 61st positions, was oxidized with N-bromosuccinimide at pH
      4.0, its activity decreased in a convex manner with increase in the extent of
      oxidation of tryptophan residues. The curve shape showed that the tryptophan
      residue oxidized last is most responsible for the activity. The order of
      accessibilities of the three tryptophan residues, which was analyzed according to
      the method reported previously (Mohri et al. (1876) J. Biochem. 100, 883-893),
      was Trp-61 greater than Trp-19 greater than Trp-18. Thus, Trp-18 was evaluated to
      be essential for activity. Difference spectra of phospholipase A2 produced by
      titrating with laurylphosphorylcholine in the presence of Ca2+, which are due in
      large part to perturbation of the tryptophan residue(s), were retained with
      phospholipase A2 derivatives containing 1.2 and 2.0 mol of tryptophan residues
      oxidized but not with the derivative containing 3.0 mol of tryptophan residues
      oxidized. Such observations led us to assume that Trp-18 is involved in the
      specific site that interacts with phospholipid.

PMID- 3360758
TI  - Structural study on the carbohydrate moiety of human placental alkaline
      phosphatase.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase purified from human placenta contains a single asparagine
      linked sugar chain in one molecule. The sugar chain was quantitatively liberated
      as radioactive oligosaccharides from the polypeptide moiety by hydrazinolysis
      followed by N-acetylation and NaB3H4 reduction, and separated by paper
      electrophoresis into one neutral and two acidic fractions. By a combination of
      sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis, the structures of
      oligosaccharides in the neutral fraction were confirmed to be as follows: Gal
      beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----2Man alpha 1----6(Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---
      2Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAc.
      The acidic oligosaccharide fractions were mixtures of mono- and disialyl
      derivatives of the neutral fraction. All the sialic acid residues of the sugar
      chains occur as the NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal group. In the case of monosialyl
      derivatives, the N-acetylneuraminic acid was exclusively linked to the Man alpha
      1----3 arm.

PMID- 3360759
TI  - Enhancement of non-polar lipid transfer reaction through stabilization of
      substrate lipid particles with apolipoproteins.
AB  - Transfer of lipids was studied between human plasma low density lipoproteins
      (LDL) and triolein particles coated with an egg phosphatidylcholine monolayer,
      with diameter of 27 +/- 4 nm. The lipid particles were unstable and seemed to
      aggregate to LDL when incubated with LDL either in the presence or the absence of
      bovine serum albumin. Human apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, C-III, and E
      stabilized the lipid particles and completely prevented this process. Cholesterol
      rapidly appeared in the lipid particles to reach homogeneous distribution among
      the phospholipid surfaces of LDL and the lipid particles regardless of whether
      apolipoproteins were present or absent. Cholesteryl ester spontaneously appeared
      in the lipid particles to some extent in the absence of the apolipoproteins, and
      human plasma lipid transfer protein enhanced this reaction only to a very limited
      extend. When the lipid particles were stabilized with the apolipoproteins,
      spontaneous cholesteryl ester transfer was minimized and the lipid transfer
      protein catalyzed the transfer of cholesteryl ester markedly. There was no
      specific difference among the apolipoproteins in stabilizing the particles and
      enhancing the transfer reaction. Reciprocal decrease in volume of triglyceride
      was observed at the same time in the lipid particles until the relative content
      of cholesteryl ester in the cores of LDL was the same as in the lipid particles.
      The kinetics of the cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transfer was consistent
      with the model that the reaction is bidirectional in equilibrium and takes both
      non-polar lipids as substrate in a single pool.

PMID- 3360760
TI  - The autorelease of alkaline phosphatase from the plasma membrane during the
      incubation of cultured liver cell homogenates.
AB  - When a rat hepatoma cell (R-Y121B) homogenate was incubated at 37 degrees C, 30
      70% of the total alkaline phosphatase was released into the supernatant fluid
      from the precipitate fractions. The release reached a plateau level after 10 h of
      incubation at 37 degrees C. The optimum pH value for the release was 7.4.
      Alkaline phosphatase activity increased during the incubation of the cell
      homogenates, but this increase was independent of the enzyme release. Serum
      increased not only alkaline phosphatase activity in the cultured cells but also
      enzyme release in their homogenates. In addition, we examined a rat liver
      homogenate and the following 11 cell lines: 3 hepatoma cell lines, including the
      R-Y121B cell line, 4 liver cell lines, 2 human urinary bladder carcinoma cell
      lines, a kidney cell line, and a mouse adrenal tumor cell line. Only in the
      cultured liver cell line and hepatoma cell lines, 30-60% of the total enzyme was
      released into the soluble fraction from the precipitate fractions; the release
      was not observed in the other cell lines, nor in the rat liver homogenate. The
      release of alkaline phosphatase took place in both heat-stable and heat-labile
      alkaline phosphatases. Alkaline phosphatase, extracted from cell homogenates,
      showed two bands during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of
      sodium dodecyl sulfate. The mobilities of the two bands changed inversely with or
      without sodium dodecyl sulfate. In general, the alkaline phosphatase which showed
      slow mobility with sodium dodecyl sulfate was more readily released from the
      plasma membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360761
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of ganglioside expression in mouse organs.
AB  - In previous studies it was demonstrated that there are three variations as to the
      expression of liver gangliosides in inbred strains of mice; the first group
      expresses GM3(NeuGc) as a major component, the second group, GM2(NeuGc), and the
      third group, GM2(NeuGc), GM1 (NeuGc), and GD1a(NeuGc). In the present study, we
      attempted to determine which organs, if any, exhibit the same polymorphic
      variations as those observed in the liver. Thus, the gangliosides in spleen,
      thymus, heart, lung, kidney, testis, and erythrocytes, as well as those in liver,
      were examined using a TLC-mapping technique or by one-dimensional TLC. WHT/Ht,
      BALB/c, and ICR mice, which are typical strains as to the polymorphic expression
      of liver gangliosides, were used for the analysis. The presence of GM1 was
      confirmed by not only chemical detection on TLC plates but also with a TLC
      immunostaining procedure using choleragenoid. These comparative studies indicated
      that only erythrocytes exhibited the same polymorphic variations of ganglioside
      expression as those in the liver, but the other six organs showed specific
      patterns which were not polymorphic. In addition to this, there were the
      following two interesting findings. Firstly, WHT/Ht mice, in which GM2(NeuGc) and
      GM1(NeuGc) are not expressed in the liver and erythrocytes, did not express a
      detectable amount of GM2(NeuGc) but expressed GM1(NeuGc) in all the other organs.
      Secondly, marked polymorphic variation was found in the expression of GM4(NeuAc)
      in the erythrocytes.

PMID- 3360762
TI  - Beta-actinin: a capping protein at the pointed end of thin filaments in skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - We examined the function of beta-actinin as a pointed end capping protein of thin
      filaments in skeletal muscle. An improvement in preparing beta-actinin yielded
      purified beta-actinin which retained its activity for more than a week. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the two subunits, beta I and beta II,
      of beta-actinin are, respectively, split into two to three components (isoforms)
      with different isoelectric points. Polyclonal antibody was raised by injecting
      such purified and undenatured chicken breast muscle beta-actinin composed of
      several components into a rabbit. Immuno-gold labeling examination with electron
      microscopy of an F-actin-beta-actinin complex decorated with HMM showed that 85%
      of bound gold particles was on the pointed end of actin filaments, while the
      remaining 15% was on the barbed end. This suggests that in beta-actinin
      preparation pointed end and barbed end capping proteins inevitably coexist.
      Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy directly showed that beta
      actinin is located at the pointed end of thin filaments in myofibrils; it was
      also suggested that a capping protein having common antigenic determinants to
      beta-actinin is located at Z-line. Thus, the physiological function of beta
      actinin as a pointed end capping protein was examined as follows: When beta
      actinin was dissociated from the pointed end of thin filaments in an I-Z-I brush
      by using a high salt solution, thin filaments could be disassembled at the
      pointed ends at concentrations of exogenous actin lower than a critical value. At
      a physiological ionic strength, these salt-washed thin filaments gradually
      shortened at a constant rate of about 45 nm/h. Both the association and
      dissociation of monomeric actin at the pointed end were suppressed by the
      rebinding of exogenous beta-actinin. The main physiological role of beta-actinin
      is therefore to stabilize thin filaments in the sarcomere by preventing addition
      and removal of actin monomers at the pointed filament end.

PMID- 3360763
TI  - Transition of beta-actinin isoforms during development of chicken skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - We examined by means of the immunoblotting technique the transition of beta
      actinin isoforms during the development of the chicken from 5 day embryo to
      adult. As an antigen, beta-actinin was prepared from adult chicken breast muscle
      (pectoralis major) and polyclonal antibody was obtained by injecting undenatured
      beta-actinin into a rabbit. Immunoblotting examination of breast muscle at
      several stages of development (except 5 day embryo, in which the whole body minus
      the head and limbs was examined) showed that the species of beta-actinin subunits
      change during development: 1) beta I is already present in 5 day embryo, whereas
      beta II appears only after 9 days. 2) In 5 day embryo, we found, instead of beta
      II, a new subunit (designated beta III) that cross-reacts with the antibody, has
      the apparent molecular weight of 30,000 daltons and has a slightly alkaline
      isoelectric point compared with beta I. The content of beta III gradually
      decreased and beta III completely disappeared a week after hatching. Such a type
      of transition of the isoforms in beta-actinin subunits is similar to that
      observed in other muscle proteins. The transition of beta-actinin isoforms may
      correlate to the organization of an I-Z-I brush, especially to the length
      determination of thin filaments, because the developmental stage at which beta
      III disappears coincides with that at which the length of thin filaments is
      strictly determined.

PMID- 3360764
TI  - Beta-actinin isoforms in various types of muscle and non-muscle tissues.
AB  - We found that beta-actinin isoforms are present in various types of tissues in
      adult chicken by using immunoblotting after two dimensional gel electrophoresis;
      for this purpose, an antibody was raised against beta-actinin purified from adult
      chicken breast muscle (pectoralis major). One of the beta-actinin subunits, beta
      I, was present in all tissues we examined, i.e. skeletal (pectoralis major,
      semitendinosus, and anterior latissimus dorsi), cardiac, and smooth (gizzard)
      muscles, non-muscle (brain, liver, and kidney) tissues and blood, whereas another
      subunit, beta II, was present only in muscle tissues. A new subunit (designated
      beta III) that was found in the embryonic stages of skeletal muscle (Asami,
      Funatsu & Ishiwata (1988) J. Biochem. 103, 72-75) was present instead of beta II
      in non-muscle tissues and blood. In cardiac and smooth muscles, beta III
      coexisted with beta I and beta II. The antibody of beta-actinin did not cross
      react to cytoplasmic beta-actinin (molecular weight, 80,000 daltons) found in
      kidney. It was suggested that the combination of beta I and beta III present in
      non-muscle tissues and blood is identical to the barbed end capping protein
      isolated from brain by Killiman and Isenberg (EMBO J. 1, 889-894 (1982)). It is
      likely that beta-actinin forms a genetic family whose constituents have an
      ability to cap either the pointed or barbed end of actin filaments.

PMID- 3360765
TI  - Purification of a novel 30,000 Da calcium-binding protein from bovine cerebellum.
AB  - A novel very acidic calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was purified from bovine
      cerebellum, using 45Ca autoradiography as a marker, through a preparative
      procedure involving salting out with a very high concentration of ammonium
      sulfate, DE52 column chromatography, RNAase treatment, and HPLC gel filtration.
      This protein showed a molecular weight of 30,0000 dalton (Da) on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and of 120,000 on in gel
      filtration chromatography analysis under physiological ionic strength. The
      calcium binding activity of this 30,000 Da CaBP was monitored on the basis of
      calcium-dependent changes in tyrosine fluorescence (Kd = 3.0 microM).

PMID- 3360766
TI  - Characterization of a 42 degrees C-specific heat shock protein of mammalian
      cells.
AB  - HeLa cells synthesize a particular heat shock protein that is induced only by
      heat shock at 42 degrees C, and not at 45 degrees C or by other stresses that
      induce major heat shock proteins (Hatayama et al. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
      Commun. 137, 957-963). We further characterized the 42 degrees C-specific
      protein. This protein was induced in mouse FM 3A cells as well as in human HeLa
      cells. In both cell lines, the protein was resolved into two spots, a basic
      polypeptide and an acidc one. The mRNA of the protein was induced during the
      incubation of these cells at 42 degrees C, and the in vitro translation product
      of mRNA corresponded to the basic, not to the acidic, polypeptide. During the
      chase period for cells that were labeled with [35S]-methionine, the basic
      polypeptide of the protein decreased, and the acidic one increased, indicating
      that the protein was synthesized as the basic polypeptide and then somehow
      modified to become the acidic one. The 42 degrees C-specific protein was found
      only in the cytosol fraction, and not in the nuclear or other particulate
      fractions, in both HeLa and FM 3A cells. The results suggested that the 42
      degrees C-specific protein may have some function in the cytoplasm of mammalian
      cells during mild heat shock.

PMID- 3360767
TI  - Human placental sialidase: further purification and characterization.
AB  - An acid sialidase [EC 3.2.1.18] has been purified from human placenta by means of
      successive procedures including extraction, Con A-Sepharose adsorption, ammonium
      sulfate precipitation, activation, p-aminophenyl thio-beta-D-galactoside-CH
      Sepharose (PATG-Sepharose) affinity chromatography and high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a Shim pack Diol 300 column. The purified enzyme liberated
      sialic acid residues from sialooligosaccharides, sialoglycoproteins, and
      gangliosides. In particular, gangliosides GM3, GD1a, and GD1b were hydrolyzed
      much faster than alpha (2-3) and alpha (2-6)sialyllactoses, and
      sialoglycoproteins by the enzyme. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, the purified enzyme gave five protein bands with molecular
      weight of 78,000 (78K), 64,000 (64K), 46,000 (46K), 30,000 (30K), and 20,000
      (20K). Rabbit antisera were raised against 78K and 46K proteins, and the two
      antibodies were specifically reactive with the respective component on immunoblot
      analysis. Both anti-78K protein and anti-46K protein antisera could precipitate
      sialidase activity. It is likely that the 78K protein and 46K protein are sub
      components which are essential for sialidase activity.

PMID- 3360768
TI  - Alkyd paint for scientific and medical illustration.
AB  - Within the past decade, alkyd paint was introduced as one of the leading
      contenders for a new color painting medium. The paint has been proven to be
      durable and to blend as easily as oil. Because of the ideal drying time for easy
      blending and because of its durability and versatility, alkyd paint is an
      excellent choice for medical and biological illustrators.

PMID- 3360769
TI  - Program planning of a biomedical communications center: an implementation
      oriented approach.
AB  - This article illustrates application of (1) Nominal Group Technique and (2)
      Importance-Performance Analysis, both commonly used planning strategies, to the
      programmatic planning of a university-based biomedical communications center. The
      method described may prove useful when successful implementation of such a plan
      depends upon cooperation between diverse client groups within the organization.

PMID- 3360770
TI  - Basic anatomy of the human eye for artists.
AB  - When illustrating an eye, it is important for the artist to know the anatomy of
      its constituent layers, the dimensions of the major ocular structures, and visual
      characteristics of various tissues in order to produce an accurate
      representation. In this article, the normal eyeball will be described layer by
      layer, from the outer sclera to the structures inside with an emphasis on the
      concerns of the artist when rendering eyes.

PMID- 3360771
TI  - Reproducible high yield sequencing of proteins electrophoretically separated and
      transferred to an inert support.
AB  - A method allowing initial sequencing yields of 60-85% to be consistently obtained
      from samples prepared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and electrophoretic transfer is described in detail. Conducting
      electrophoresis at a pH near neutrality is the single most important of the
      modifications made to earlier procedures, but pre-electrophoresis in the presence
      of glutathione or sodium thioglycolate and use of Immobilon polyvinylidene
      difluoride membranes all contribute to the success of the technique. When
      tryptophan was the NH2 terminus of a protein, the phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)
      derivative recovered appeared to be an irreversible oxidation product if pre
      electrophoresis was not performed. Following pre-electrophoresis, the PTH
      derivative recovered co-migrated with that of unmodified tryptophan, and the
      recovery was higher. Recovery of methionine as its PTH-derivative was not
      affected by pre-electrophoresis suggesting that thioglycolate in the
      electrophoresis buffer during sample separation prevented or reversed oxidation
      of methionine sulfur but did not protect tryptophan.

PMID- 3360772
TI  - Carbohydrate binding protein 35. Complementary DNA sequence reveals homology with
      proteins of the heterogeneous nuclear RNP.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for carbohydrate binding protein
      35, a galactose-specific lectin identified in the nucleus of mouse 3T3
      fibroblasts, has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence suggests that
      the protein consists of two domains: (a) an amino-terminal portion that is
      homologous to certain regions of proteins of the heterogeneous nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein complex, and (b) a carboxyl-terminal portion that is homologous
      to beta-D-galactoside-specific lectins isolated from a number of animal tissues.
      This two-domain motif is reminiscent of several DNA- and RNA-binding proteins.

PMID- 3360773
TI  - The processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in HT-29 cells is a function
      of their state of enterocytic differentiation. An accumulation of Man9,8-GlcNAc2
      Asn species is indicative of an impaired N-glycan trimming in undifferentiated
      cells.
AB  - Studies on the regulation of the enterocytic differentiation of the human colon
      cancer cell line HT-29, which is differentiated in the absence (Glc-) but not in
      the presence of glucose (Glc+), have recently shown that the post-translational
      processing of sucrase-isomaltase and particularly its glycosylation vary as a
      function of cell differentiation (Trugnan G., Rousset, M., Chantret, I., Barbat,
      A., and Zweibaum, A. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 104, 1199-1205). Other studies indicate
      that in undifferentiated HT-29 Glc+ cells there is an accumulation of UDP-N
      acetylhexosamine, which is involved in the glycosylation process (Wice, B. M.,
      Trugnan, G., Pinto, M., Rousset, M., Chevalier, G., Dussaulx, E., Lacroix, B.,
      and Zweibaum, A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 139-146). The purpose of the present
      work is to investigate whether an overall alteration of protein glycosylation is
      associated with the inability of HT-29 cells to differentiate. At least three
      alterations are detected: (i) after a 10-min pulse, the incorporation of D-[2
      3H]mannose in undifferentiated cells is severely reduced, compared to
      differentiated cells. (ii) After a 24-h period of labeling with D-[2-3H]mannose,
      undifferentiated cells accumulate more than 60% of the radioactivity in the high
      mannose glycopeptides, whereas differentiated HT-29 Glc- cells accumulate only
      38%. (iii) The analysis of the high mannose oligosaccharides transferred "en
      bloc" from the lipid precursor shows that Man9,8-GlcNAc2 species accumulate in
      undifferentiated cells, whereas no such accumulation can be detected in
      differentiated cells. This glycosylation pattern is consistent with an impairment
      of the trimming of high mannose into complex glycans. It is concluded that N
      glycan processing is correlated with the state of enterocytic differentiation of
      HT-29 cells.

PMID- 3360774
TI  - Uridine phosphorylase from Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Uridine phosphorylase is the only pyrimidine nucleoside cleaving activity that
      can be detected in extracts of Schistosoma mansoni. The enzyme is distinct from
      the two purine nucleoside phosphorylases contained in this parasite. Although Urd
      is the preferred substrate, uridine phosphorylase can also catalyze the
      reversible phosphorolysis of dUrd and dThd, but not Cyd, dCyd, or orotidine. The
      enzyme was purified 170-fold to a specific activity of 2.76 nmol/min/mg of
      protein with a 16% yield. It has a Mr of 56,000 as determined by molecular
      sieving on Sephadex G-100. The mechanism of uridine phosphorylase is sequential.
      When Urd was the substrate, the KUrd = 13 microM and the KPi = 533 +/- 78 microM.
      When dThd was used as a substrate, the KdThd = 54 microM and the KPi = 762 +/-
      297 microM. The Vmax with dThd was 53 +/- 9.8% that of Urd. dThd was a
      competitive inhibitor when Urd was used as a substrate. The enzyme showed
      substrate inhibition by Urd, dThd (greater than 0.125 mM) and phosphate (greater
      than 10 mM). 5-(Benzyloxybenzyloxybenzyl)acyclouridine was identified as a potent
      and specific inhibitor of parasite (Ki = 0.98 microM) but not host uridine
      phosphorylase. Structure-activity relationship studies suggest that uridine
      phosphorylase from S. mansoni has a hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the 5-position
      of the pyrimidine ring and indicate differences between the binding sites of the
      mammalian and parasite enzymes. These differences may be useful in designing
      specific inhibitors for schistosomal uridine phosphorylase which will interfere
      selectively with nucleic acids synthesis in this parasite.

PMID- 3360775
TI  - In vitro fusion of endosomes following receptor-mediated endocytosis.
AB  - Receptor-mediated endocytosis and receptor recycling involve a series of
      intracellular membrane fusion events that appear to play an important role in the
      regulation of the overall rate and efficiency of the process. An endosome
      endosome fusion assay is described using two ligands that (i) rapidly and
      efficiently enter the endosomal compartment via the macrophage mannose receptor
      and (ii) that mutually recognize each other. Dinitrophenol-derivatized beta
      glucuronidase (DNP-beta-glucuronidase), a ligand for the mannose receptor, was
      endocytosed by one population of J774 E clone cells, and mannose-derivatized
      monoclonal anti-DNP IgG (Man-IgG) was internalized by a second set of cells. Both
      ligands were localized in endosomes as determined by fractionation on Percoll
      gradients. Incubation of vesicles prepared from the two set of cells resulted in
      vesicle fusion as indicated by the formation of DNP-beta-glucuronidase-Man-IgG
      complexes. Under standard conditions, fusion was time-, ATP-, and temperature
      dependent. KCl was required for fusion. Fusion required both cytosolic- and
      membrane-associated proteins. N-Ethylmaleimide treatment of cytosol inhibited
      fusion. Proton ionophores and amines had no effect on the fusion reaction. ATP
      dependent fusion was only observed between early endocytic compartments. While in
      the presence of a Ca2+ chelator fusion was ATP-dependent, in its absence fusion
      was also observed in an ATP-independent fashion.

PMID- 3360776
TI  - Uptake of [3H]serotonin into plasma membrane vesicles from mouse cerebral cortex.
AB  - Preparations of plasma membrane vesicles were used as a tool to study the
      properties of the serotonin transporter in the central nervous system. The
      vesicles were obtained after hypotonic shock of synaptosomes purified from mouse
      cerebral cortex. Uptake of [3H]serotonin had a Na+-dependent and Na+-independent
      component. The Na+-dependent uptake was inhibited by classical blockers of
      serotonin uptake and had a Km of 63-180 nM, and a Vmax of 0.1-0.3 pmol mg-1 s-1
      at 77 mM Na+. The uptake required the presence of external Na+ and internal K+.
      It required a Na+ gradient ([Na+]out greater than [Na+]in) and was stimulated by
      a gradient of K+ ([K+]in greater than [K+]out). Replacement of Cl- by other
      anions (NO2-, S2O3-(2-)) reduced uptake appreciably. Gramicidin prevented uptake.
      Although valinomycin increased uptake somewhat, the membrane potential per se
      could not drive uptake because no uptake was observed when a membrane potential
      was generated by the SCN- ion in the absence of internal K+ and with equal [Na+]
      inside and outside. The increase of uptake as a function of [Na+] indicated a Km
      for Na+ of 118 mM and a Hill number of 2.0, suggesting a requirement of two
      sodium ions for serotonin transport. The present results are accommodated very
      well by the model developed for porcine platelet serotonin transport (Nelson, P.
      J., and Rudnick, G. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10084-10089), except for the
      number of sodium ions that are required for transport.

PMID- 3360777
TI  - Characterization of Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems in
      Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.
AB  - The PS120 variant of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts which lacks Na+/H+ exchange
      activity was used to investigate bicarbonate transport systems and their role in
      intracellular pH (pHi) regulation. When pHi was decreased by acid load,
      bicarbonate caused pHi increase and stimulated 36Cl- efflux from the cells, both
      in a Na+-dependent manner. These results together with previous findings that
      bicarbonate stimulates 22Na+ uptake in PS120 cells (L'Allemain, G., Paris, S.,
      and Pouyssegur, J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 4877-4883) demonstrate the presence
      of a Na+-linked Cl-/HCO3- exchange system. In cells with normal initial pHi,
      bicarbonate caused Na+-independent pHi increase in Cl(-)-free solutions and
      stimulated Na+-independent 36Cl- efflux, indicating that a Na+-independent Cl
      /HCO3- exchanger is also present in the cell. Na+-linked and Na+-independent Cl
      /HCO3- exchange is apparently mediated by two distinct systems, since a
      [(tetrahydrofluorene-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid derivative selectively inhibits the Na+
      independent exchanger. An additional distinctive feature is a 10-fold lower
      affinity for chloride of the Na+-linked exchanger. The Na+-linked and Na+
      independent Cl-/HCO3- exchange systems are likely to protect the cell from acid
      and alkaline load, respectively.

PMID- 3360778
TI  - Domain specificity in metal binding to metallothionein. A circular dichroism and
      magnetic circular dichroism study of cadmium and zinc binding at temperature
      extremes.
AB  - Rabbit liver Zn metallothionein-(MT) will bind cadmium readily between -26
      degrees C and 70 degrees C. The binding reaction was monitored by recording the
      circular dichroism and magnetic circular dichroism spectra, in the region of the
      RS(-)----Cd2+ charge transfer transition at 250 nm, at intervals as aliquots of
      cadmium were added. For all temperatures, these data can be analyzed in terms of
      a distributed mechanism for cadmium binding when Zn-MT is used, and a domain
      specific mechanism when apo-MT is used. The CD spectrum measured at -26 degrees C
      for Cd,Zn-MT, which was made by adding excess cadmium directly to Zn7-MT at -26
      degrees C, is not the same as the CD spectrum of Cd-MT prepared at room
      temperature from the same Zn7-MT. Measurements of the stoichiometry of the
      cadmium and zinc bound to MT in the presence of excess cadmium at different
      temperatures indicates that below 5 degrees C at least one zinc atom remains
      bound to the protein. The mixed metal metallothionein, Cd/Zn-MT, that always
      forms below 5 degrees C, is characterized by a single maximum near 250 nm in the
      CD spectrum, rather than the derivative-shaped CD envelope that is diagnostic of
      the (Cd4-S11)alpha cluster, which indicates that the zinc occupies a site in the
      alpha domain. Rearrangement of the bound metals to the domain-specific
      distribution takes place if Cd,Zn-MT, prepared at subzero temperatures, is warmed
      above 30 degrees C.

PMID- 3360779
TI  - Platelets and parotid acinar cells have different mechanisms for agonist
      stimulated divalent cation entry.
AB  - Stimulation of platelets with thrombin or parotid acinar cells with carbachol
      results in an increase in [Ca2+]i which is due to both release from internal
      stores and influx across the plasma membrane. In platelets, thrombin also
      stimulates Mn2+ entry into the cytosol; this is seen as a stimulated quench of
      fura-2 fluorescence. In the parotid, however, carbachol does not stimulate Mn2+
      entry. This result suggests different mechanisms of stimulated divalent cation
      entry in the two cell types and could have important implications in the study of
      receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry mechanisms.

PMID- 3360780
TI  - hsp70 mRNA accumulates in LLC-PK1 pig kidney cells treated with calcitonin but
      not with 8-bromo-cyclic AMP.
AB  - In LLC-PK1 pig kidney cells, treatment with a cAMP-elevating peptide hormone,
      calcitonin, induces the accumulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator
      (uPA) mRNA. When we used the method of differential hybridization to isolate uPA
      cDNA clones, we also obtained several calcitonin-inducible clones that were
      unrelated to uPA. Sequence analysis revealed 60% sequence homology between one of
      these clones and that of a Drosophila hsp70 gene. The uPA and the hsp70 cDNA
      clones were used as probes to compare the effects of various treatments on the
      accumulation of uPA mRNA and hsp70 mRNA in LLC-PK1 cells. Calcitonin or 8-bromo
      cAMP treatment induced uPA mRNA accumulation, which was negligible in untreated
      cells. Heat treatment (42 degrees C) was ineffective. Calcitonin or heat
      treatment increased hsp70 mRNA accumulation, which was already high in untreated
      cells, but 8-bromo-cAMP was ineffective. Nuclear transcription of the hsp70 gene
      was increased by calcitonin but not by 8-bromo-cAMP treatment. These results
      suggest that calcitonin induces hsp70 mRNA accumulation in LLC-PK1 cells by a
      pathway apart from the activation of adenylate cyclase and through, at least
      partly, the activation of the gene transcription. Furthermore, induction of uPA
      mRNA accumulation by calcitonin or 8-bromo-cAMP treatment did not require protein
      synthesis. In contrast, induction of hsp70 mRNA accumulation by calcitonin or
      heat treatment did require protein synthesis. Other reports showed that protein
      synthesis is not required for heat induction of hsp70 mRNA in different cells,
      suggesting that the mechanism of induction of hsp70 mRNA accumulation in LLC-PK1
      cells is not the same as in other cells.

PMID- 3360781
TI  - Human apolipoprotein E3 in aqueous solution. I. Evidence for two structural
      domains.
AB  - The stability and structure of human apolipoprotein (apo) E3 in aqueous solution
      were investigated by guanidine HCl denaturation and limited proteolysis. The
      guanidine HCl denaturation curve, as monitored by circular dichroism
      spectroscopy, was biphasic; the two transition midpoints occurred at 0.7 and 2.5
      M guanidine HCl, indicating that there are stable intermediate structures in the
      unfolding of apoE. Limited proteolysis of apoE with five enzymes demonstrated two
      proteolytically resistant regions, an amino-terminal domain (residues 20-165) and
      a carboxyl-terminal domain (residues 225-299). The region between them was highly
      susceptible to proteolytic cleavage. Because of their similarity to the
      proteolytically resistant regions, the amino-terminal (residues 1-191) and
      carboxyl-terminal (residues 216-299) thrombolytic fragments of apoE were used as
      models for the two domains. Guanidine HCl denaturation of the carboxyl- and amino
      terminal fragments gave transition midpoints of 0.7 and 2.4 M guanidine HCl,
      respectively. The results establish that the two domains identified by limited
      proteolysis correspond to the two domains detected by protein denaturation
      experiments. Therefore, the thrombolytic fragments are useful models for the two
      domains. The free energies of denaturation calculated from the denaturation
      curves of intact apoE or the model domains were approximately 4 and 8-12 kcal/mol
      for the carboxyl- and amino-terminal domains, respectively. The value for the
      carboxyl-terminal domain is similar to those of previously characterized
      apolipoproteins, whereas the value for the amino-terminal domain is considerably
      higher and resembles those of soluble globular proteins. These studies suggest
      that, in aqueous solution, apoE is unlike other apolipoproteins in that it
      contains two independently folded structural domains of markedly different
      stabilities: an amino-terminal domain and a carboxyl-terminal domain, separated
      by residues that may act as a hinge region.

PMID- 3360782
TI  - Human apolipoprotein E3 in aqueous solution. II. Properties of the amino- and
      carboxyl-terminal domains.
AB  - Hydrodynamic, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques were used to study
      the aqueous solution properties of the two structural domains of human
      apolipoprotein (apo) E3. An amino-terminal thrombolytic fragment of apoE (22 kDa,
      residues 1-191) and a carboxyl-terminal thrombolytic fragment of apoE (10 kDa,
      residues 216-299) were used as models for the two domains. Sedimentation
      equilibrium ultracentrifugation showed that apoE and the 10-kDa model domain self
      associated predominantly as tetramers. The 22-kDa model domain was primarily
      monomeric. Molecular weights calculated from the weight average sedimentation and
      diffusion coefficients or from the sedimentation coefficients and Stokes radii
      were in agreement with the sedimentation equilibrium results. Derived frictional
      coefficients suggest larger axial ratios and/or more extensive hydration for the
      apoE and the 10-kDa domain tetramers as compared with the 22-kDa domain.
      Proteolysis of apoE followed by high performance liquid chromatography showed
      rapid production of free 22-kDa domain, whereas the free 10-kDa domain appeared
      as a tetramer late in the course of the hydrolysis. Assessment by circular
      dichroism demonstrated that both model domains and apoE had over 54% alpha
      helical content, which changed little in a detergent (octyl-beta-D
      glucopyranoside) or lipid (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) environment. In
      contrast to the circular dichroism results, apoE and the 10-kDa domain showed a
      marked blue shift in the fluorescence maximum in a lipid environment. The results
      suggest that the self-association of apoE in solution as a tetramer is mediated
      by the carboxyl-terminal domain and that the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains
      do not associate with one another. The amino-terminal domain is most likely
      compact and globular, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain is probably elongated.
      The isolated model domains appear to have structures that are similar to those of
      the domains in the intact protein.

PMID- 3360783
TI  - Regulation of the enterotoxin B gene in Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The enterotoxin B gene of Staphylococcus aureus encodes a single mRNA of about
      900 nucleotides. To identify the DNA sequences involved in transcription of the
      enterotoxin B gene, the transcription initiation and termination sites were
      determined by nuclease S1 protection experiments. Determination of the
      enterotoxin B mRNA and protein levels from a number of toxin-producing strains
      showed that strains that contained relatively low levels of mRNA synthesized low
      levels of enterotoxin B, whereas strains that carried high levels of enterotoxin
      B mRNA produced relatively high levels of the toxin protein. Strains carrying the
      cloned enterotoxin B gene secreted greatly reduced amounts of other extracellular
      proteins, indicating that the synthesis of several exoproteins in S. aureus is
      coordinately regulated. An accessory element called agr has been suggested to be
      involved in the regulation of several exoprotein genes in S. aureus. When the
      cloned enterotoxin B gene was introduced into strain ISP546 in which the agr
      element has been inactivated, reduced levels of both enterotoxin B and
      enterotoxin B mRNA were found. Our results suggest that the enterotoxin B gene is
      regulated at the transcriptional level and that the agr element plays a role in
      this regulation.

PMID- 3360784
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of ceruloplasmin gene expression during inflammation.
AB  - Mixed sequence oligonucleotides were used to isolate a series of acute-phase
      human liver cDNA clones corresponding to the serum alpha 2-globulin
      ceruloplasmin. These clones were characterized, sequenced, and used to analyze
      changes in hepatic ceruloplasmin mRNA content during inflammation. In all species
      examined, hepatic ceruloplasmin mRNA content increased approximately 6-10-fold
      over control values within 24 h following the induction of inflammation. The
      mechanisms leading to this increase in hepatic ceruloplasmin mRNA content were
      studied following turpentine-induced inflammation in Syrian hamsters. Nuclear run
      on assays demonstrated an increase in the relative rate of transcription of the
      ceruloplasmin gene within 3 h following induction, reaching maximum values by 18
      h. Hepatic ceruloplasmin mRNA content increased 2-fold within 12 h following
      induction, reached maximum values by 24 h, and returned to control within 72 h.
      In contrast, serum ceruloplasmin concentration did not increase until 36 h,
      reached maximal levels by 120 h, and remained elevated for the course of the
      study. These data indicate that inflammation leads to a rapid increase in hepatic
      ceruloplasmin mRNA content. This increase is largely the result of increased
      ceruloplasmin gene transcription, but comparison of the relative rate of
      transcription and mRNA accumulation suggests that changes in ceruloplasmin mRNA
      turnover are also involved. In addition, translational and/or post-translational
      mechanisms must account for the observed changes in serum ceruloplasmin
      concentration seen during inflammation.

PMID- 3360785
TI  - Purification and characterization of a family of high molecular weight surface
      array proteins from Campylobacter fetus.
AB  - A variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria possess crystalline surface
      layers, although little is known of their function. We previously have shown that
      the high molecular weight surface-array proteins of Campylobacter fetus are
      important in both the pathogenicity and antigenicity of this organism. For
      biochemical and immunological characterization, we purified high molecular weight
      (100,000, 127,000, 149,000) surface-array proteins from three C. fetus strains
      using sequential gel filtration and ion exchange high performance liquid
      chromatography. These proteins are acidic with pI values between 4.12 and 4.25
      and contain large proportions of acidic amino acids (19.7%-22.0%) in addition to
      hydrophobic amino acids (37.3%-38.5%). They share a novel amino-terminal sequence
      through at least 19 residues. Carbohydrate analysis using periodic acid-Schiff
      staining and treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid shows no evidence of
      glycosylation. Antiserum to a purified Mr = 100,000 protein from C. fetus 82-40
      LP cross-reacts with three other purified C. fetus surface-array proteins by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with titers greater than 12,800. We conclude
      that: 1) there is a family of surface-array proteins of C. fetus with common
      structural and antigenic characteristics; 2) that these molecules have similar
      biochemical characteristics to surface-array proteins described for other
      bacteria; but however, 3) by amino-terminal sequence analysis these are unique.

PMID- 3360786
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analyses of two neuraminidases from
      influenza B virus strains B/Hong Kong/8/73 and B/Lee/40.
AB  - Crystals of neuraminidase heads from two different influenza B virus strains have
      been grown. Neuraminidase crystals of influenza B/Hong Kong/8/73 were grown from
      solutions of potassium phosphate. The crystals are tetragonal prisms, space group
      I422; the axes are a = 123 A and c = 165 A. Influenza B/Lee/40 neuraminidase
      crystals were grown from solutions of polyethylene glycol 4000. The crystals are
      tetragonal pyramids, space group P4(1)2(1)2 or its enantiomorph P4(3)2(1)2; the
      axes are a = 125 A and c = 282 A.

PMID- 3360787
TI  - Protein kinase C and its substrates in tumor promoter-sensitive and -resistant
      cells.
AB  - Calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C activity and substrates were
      characterized in cell lysates of preneoplastic JB6 cells, a model system of
      genetic variants for sensitivity to tumor promoter-induced neoplastic
      transformation. Protein kinase C activity was similar for sensitive and resistant
      variants, as measured by calcium- and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of
      an exogenous substrate (histone HIII). Of 13 endogenous protein kinase C
      substrates, identified by labeling proteins with [gamma-32P] ATP, at least two
      (80 and 23 kDa) are potential candidates for mediating events on the pathway for
      promotion of transformation. 32P incorporation into the 80-kDa protein kinase C
      substrate was stimulated by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and correlated with
      phenotype: the highest incorporation was found in promotion-insensitive cells, an
      intermediate level in promotion-sensitive cells and the lowest in the transformed
      cells. The phosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein, found by labeling intact cells
      in monolayer growth with [32P]orthophosphate, was also stimulated by
      tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and correlated inversely with phenotype. The 80 kDa
      protein kinase C substrate from cell lysates and the 80-kDa phosphoprotein from
      intact cells appear to be identical, as indicated by peptide mapping with
      protease V8 from Staphylococcus aureus. This finding suggests that the 80-kDa
      substrate is relevant to promoter-induced signal transduction in the intact cell.
      The 23-kDa protein kinase C substrate exhibited a band shift in sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gels in response to another transformation promoter in JB6 cells, the
      calcium analog, lanthanum (Smith, B. M., Gindhart, T. D., and Colburn, N. H.
      (1986) Carcinogenesis 7, 1949-1956). In summary, there are no unique substrates
      that distinguish the variants. Quantitative differences in certain substrates or
      their phosphorylation may, however, account for the difference in promotion
      sensitivity among the variants.

PMID- 3360788
TI  - Regulation of expression of an auxin-induced soybean sequence by cadmium.
AB  - An auxin-regulated soybean sequence has been characterized and shown to be
      induced by the heavy metals cadmium, silver, and copper. Cadmium induces the
      accumulation of two size classes of mRNA: a 1-kilobase (kb) RNA class, which is
      the same size as the RNA class induced by auxin, silver, and copper, and a 1.4-kb
      RNA class. DNA sequence analysis of cDNA clones and a soybean genomic fragment
      has shown the presence of an intron in this gene. A restriction fragment probe
      isolated from the intron segment hybridizes specifically to the 1.4-kb mRNA. The
      transcription rate of this sequence is rapidly increased following exposure of
      soybean primary leaves to cadmium, as assayed by nuclear run-off transcription
      experiments. These results suggest that cadmium not only induces the
      transcription of a specific soybean sequence, but interferes with the processing
      of the precursor mRNA, resulting in the accumulation of the 1.4-kb mRNA precursor
      species.

PMID- 3360789
TI  - Cutis laxa: reduced elastin gene expression in skin fibroblast cultures as
      determined by hybridizations with a homologous cDNA and an exon 1-specific
      oligonucleotide.
AB  - Fibroblast cultures were established from six patients with cutis laxa, and
      elastin gene expression was analyzed by RNA hybridizations with a 2.5-kilobase
      human elastin cDNA or an exon 1-specific 35-base oligomer. Northern analyses
      using either probe detected mRNA transcripts of approximately 3.5 kilobases, and
      no qualitative difference between the control and cutis laxa mRNAs was detected.
      However, quantitation of the elastin mRNA abundance by slot blot hybridizations
      revealed markedly reduced levels in all cutis laxa cell strains. Assuming equal
      translational activity of the control and cutis laxa mRNAs, the reduced mRNA
      levels could result in diminished elastin production, providing an explanation
      for the paucity of elastic fibers in the skin and other tissues in cutis laxa.

PMID- 3360790
TI  - A microtubule-binding protein of Trypanosoma brucei which contains covalently
      bound fatty acid.
AB  - Covalently linked fatty acids are increasingly recognized as an important type of
      post-translational protein modification. Many of such acylated proteins are found
      associated with cellular membranes. The membrane skeleton of the parasitic
      hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei consists of a regular array of microtubules
      which are tightly bound to the overlying cell membrane. A microtubule-binding
      protein (p41) has been identified within this structure which carries covalently
      bound fatty acid. The fatty acid linkage is sensitive to hydroxylamine treatment.
      After chemical transesterification, the released radioactivity co-migrates with
      fatty acid methyl esters in thin-layer chromatograms, establishing that the fatty
      acid was covalently bound to p41 via an ester (thioester) linkage. Upon detergent
      extraction of trypanosomes, p41 remains tightly bound to the cytoskeleton as long
      as Ca2+ ions are present. It can selectively be released from this structure by
      the addition of excess EGTA. Conversely, p41 binds to isolated cytoskeletons and
      to purified microtubules in vitro, the reaction again being entirely Ca2+
      dependent.

PMID- 3360791
TI  - Interaction of the protein components of 5-oxoprolinase. Substrate-dependent
      enzyme complex formation.
AB  - 5-Oxo-L-prolinase from Pseudomonas putida is composed of two reversibly
      dissociable proteins: Component A catalyzes 5-oxoproline-dependent cleavage of
      ATP, but does not catalyze the decyclization of 5-oxoproline; Component B is
      required for the coupling of ATP cleavage to ring-opening of 5-oxoproline to form
      glutamate (Seddon, A. P., Li, L., and Meister, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8091
      8094). We describe here the purifications of Components A and B to apparent
      homogeneity and the interactions between these two proteins. The cellular content
      of Component B activity is significantly greater than that of Component A. By gel
      filtration, Component A is a hexamer; but in the presence of substrates, it is a
      dimer. Component B can exist as an aggregate, an octamer, or a tetramer,
      depending upon the conditions used. Gel filtration of a mixture of Components A
      and B in the presence of substrates gives a unique protein species that exhibits
      5-oxoprolinase activity. The Mr of this Component A-Component B complex indicates
      that it probably has an A2-B2 structure. The molar ratio of Component A to
      Component B in the complex was determined to be 1:1 by the continuous variation
      method (Job). Titrations of each component by the other suggest that
      phosphorylated 5-oxoproline-bound Component A is the entity that interacts with
      Component B. These studies indicate that the binding of phosphorylated 5
      oxoproline-bound Component A to Component B to form a complex proceeds by a
      cooperative type mechanism. This is supported by the observed shifts of the
      intersection points of the Job curves (see Appendix).

PMID- 3360792
TI  - The amino acid sequences of chains a, b, and c that form the trimer subunit of
      the extracellular hemoglobin from Lumbricus terrestris.
AB  - The extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris comprises four major heme
      containing chains, a, b, c, and d in equal proportions. We have determined the
      amino acid sequences of chains a, b, and c which form a disulfide-linked trimer.
      Chains a, b, and c have 151, 145, and 153 residues and calculated molecular
      weights of 17,525, 16,254, and 17,289, respectively. The sequence of chain b,
      reported previously (Garlick, R. L., and Riggs, A. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 287,
      9005-9015) has been completely redetermined and found to contain 12 fewer
      residues than originally reported. Chains a and c both contain unusual, highly
      polar NH2-terminal extensions of 7 residues before the A helix. These segments
      must be close together because they are joined by a disulfide bond. We suggest
      that this structure, with seven negatively charged groups, may be part of a
      functionally important Ca2+-binding site in the trimer. Comparison of the
      sequences of chains a, b, and c with those of chain d (Shishikura, F., Snow, J.
      W., Gotoh, T., Vinogradov, S. N., and Walz, D. A. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3123
      3131) and the four chains of the hemoglobin of Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus
      (Suzuki, T., and Gotoh, T. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9257-9267) shows that the
      number and positions of the cysteinyl residues are all conserved. This suggests
      that the extracellular hemoglobins from both the Oligochaeta and Polychaeta have
      the same number and configuration of disulfide bonds within the molecule.
      Phylogenetic analysis suggests that gene duplication first generated an
      intracellular hemoglobin branch and an extracellular hemoglobin branch. DNA
      coding for a signal peptide would have been acquired by the extracellular globin
      gene after this event. At least two further gene duplications are required to
      account for the present four polypeptide chains.

PMID- 3360793
TI  - Characterization of a nonspecific activator protein for the enzymatic hydrolysis
      of glycolipids.
AB  - We have studied the substrate specificities of a non-specific activator protein
      on the enzymatic hydrolyses of the following compounds: GM1 and GM2, as well as
      several of their derivatives including oligosaccharides, GgOse3Cer-II3-sulfate
      and LacCer-II3-sulfate, Gb-Ose3Cer and GbOse4Cer, three neolacto-series
      glycosphingolipids, and two non-ceramide glycolipids. Our results show that this
      activator protein has a broad spectrum of activity and exhibits the properties of
      a nonspecific natural detergent. The evidence of non-specificity was the ability
      of this activator protein to stimulate the hydrolyses of glycolipids, regardless
      of glycosphingolipids or non-ceramide glycolipids, carried out by glycosidases
      from animals, plants, and microorganisms. Its activity was, however, limited to
      substrates that had a lipid moiety. The oligosaccharide of GM1 and deacetyl-fatty
      acid free GM1 (II3-NeuGg-Ose4-sphingosine) were hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase
      in the absence of this activator protein.

PMID- 3360794
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two different forms of inositol phospholipid
      specific phospholipase C from rat brain.
AB  - Two different forms of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) have
      been purified 2810- and 4010-fold, respectively, from a crude extract of rat
      brain. The purification procedures consisted of chromatography of both enzymes on
      Affi-Gel blue and cellulose phosphate, followed by three sequential high
      performance liquid chromatography steps, which were different for the two
      enzymes. The resultant preparations each contained homogeneous enzyme with a Mr
      of 85,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. One of these enzymes (PLC-II) was found to hydrolyze
      phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at a rate of 15.3 mumol/min/mg of
      protein and also phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol
      (PI) at slower rates. For hydrolysis of PI, this enzyme was activated by an
      acidic pH and a high concentration of Ca2+ and showed a Vmax value of 19.2
      mumol/min/mg of protein. The other enzyme (PLC-III) catalyzed hydrolysis of PIP2
      preferentially at a Vmax rate of 12.9 mumol/min/mg of protein and catalyzed that
      of phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate slightly. The rate of PIP2 hydrolysis by
      this enzyme exceeded that of PI under all conditions tested. Neither of these
      enzymes had any activity on phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidic acid. These two enzymes showed not only
      biochemical but also structural differences. Western blotting showed that
      antibodies directed against PLC-II did not react with PLC-III. Furthermore, the
      two enzymes gave different peptide maps after digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin
      or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. These results suggest that these two forms
      of PLC belong to different families of PLC.

PMID- 3360795
TI  - A novel dipeptidyl aminopeptidase in rat brain membranes. Its isolation,
      purification, and characterization.
AB  - A new type of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, which releases basic aminoacyl
      dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of oligopeptides, was purified about 2100
      fold with 6.8% recovery from rat brain membranes by column chromatography on
      Cellex D, Arg-Tyr-AH-Sepharose 4B, hydroxylapatite, and Sephadex G-75, after the
      membranes were solubilized with Nonidet P-40. Activity was assayed by high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Arg0-Met5-enkephalin (Arg0-enk)*
      as substrate in the presence of bestatin, thiorphan, and captopril. In sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme is
      apparently homogeneous with a mass of 64,000 daltons. This thiol enzyme is
      optimally active at pH 7 and is selectively activated by Mn(II). It loses 94% of
      its activity after EDTA treatment and can be reactivated by Mn(II), Co(II), and
      Zn(II). It splits Arg0-enk into equimolar amounts of Arg-Tyr and Gly-Gly-Phe-Met
      with a Km of 100 microM, and Vmax of 3.8 mumol/mg of protein/min. Dipeptidyl
      aminopeptidase does not hydrolyze model substrates for dipeptidyl aminopeptidases
      I, II, III, and IV, aminoacyl beta-naphthylamides, actin, desmin, tubulin, glial
      fibrillary acidic protein, and cytoskeletal neurofilament proteins. The enzyme is
      insensitive to puromycin, but is inhibited by several neuropeptides. Angiotensin
      III is the most potent with a Ki of 0.3 microM. Substrate specificity, pH
      optimum, molecular weight, activators, and catalytic site demonstrate that this
      enzyme is distinct from dipeptidyl aminopeptidases previously described.

PMID- 3360796
TI  - Functional interaction between Cerebratulus lacteus cytolysin A-III and
      phospholipase A2. Implications for the mechanism of cytolysis.
AB  - A study on the interaction between bee venom phospholipase A2 and Cerebratulus
      lacteus cytolysin A-III, a major hemolysin secreted by this organism has been
      carried out. The hemolytic activity of A-III in phosphate-buffered saline is
      increased 5-fold in the presence of phospholipase A2 from bee venom.
      Dansylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPE) labeled, phosphatidylcholine-containing
      liposomes and human erythrocyte membranes were employed to study the interaction
      between these two proteins. In DPE-liposomes, A-III alone had no effect on DPE
      fluorescence nor did it enhance either the phospholipase A2-dependent
      fluorescence increase or blue shift in emission maximum, indicating that the
      cytolysin is not a major phospholipase A2-activator. However, when DPE was
      incorporated into erythrocyte membranes, A-III alone induced a 40% fluorescence
      increase and a 5 nm blue shift, implying a transient activation of an endogenous
      phospholipase A2. Further studies using synthetic lysophosphatidylcholine and
      free fatty acids demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of A-III is potentiated
      by free fatty acids, a product of phospholipid degradation catalyzed by
      phospholipase A2. Together, sublytic concentrations of A-III and nonlytic
      concentrations of oleic acid cause extensive cell lysis. Subsequent analysis of
      this phenomenon by gel filtration chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation,
      chemical cross-linking, and measurement of [14C]oleic acid binding by the
      cytolysin demonstrated that binding of oleic acid to A-III causes aggregation of
      the toxin molecules to a tetrameric form which has a higher alpha-helix content
      and a greater activity than the monomer.

PMID- 3360797
TI  - Analysis of photoaffinity label derivatives to probe thyroid hormone receptor in
      human fibroblasts, GH1 cells, and soluble receptor preparations.
AB  - The regulation of growth hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone in cultured
      GH1 cells is mediated by a chromatin-associated receptor. We have previously
      described a photoaffinity label derivative of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3)
      in which the alanine side chain was modified to form N-2-diazo-3,3,3
      trifluoropropionyl-L-T3 (L-[125I]T3-PAL). On exposure to 254 nm UV light, L
      [125I]T3-PAL generates a carbene which covalently modifies two thyroid hormone
      receptor forms in intact GH1 cells; an abundant 47,000 Mr species and a less
      abundant 57,000 Mr form. We have now synthesized similar photoaffinity label
      derivatives of 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (L-T4) and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L
      thyronine (L-rT3). Both compounds identify the same receptor forms in intact
      cells and in nuclear extracts in vitro as L-[125I]T3-PAL. Labeling by L-[125I]rT3
      PAL was low and consistent with the very low occupancy of receptor by L-rT3.
      Underivatized L-[125I]T3 and L-[125I]T4 labeled the same receptor forms at 254 nm
      but at a markedly lower efficiency than their PAL derivatives. In contrast, N
      bromoacetyl-L-[125I]T3, a chemical affinity labeling agent, did not derivatize
      either receptor form in vitro. The relative efficiency of coupling to receptor at
      254 nm was L-[125I]T4-PAL greater than L-[125I]T3-PAL greater than L-[125I]T4
      greater than L-[125I]T3. Although L-[125I]T4-PAL has a lower affinity for
      receptor than L-[125I]T3-PAL, its coupling efficiency was 5-10-fold higher. This
      suggests that the alanine side chain of L-[125I]T4-PAL is positioned in the
      ligand binding region near a residue which is efficiently modified by
      photoactivation. With L-[125I]T4-PAL we were able to identify three different
      molecular weight receptor species in human fibroblast nuclei.

PMID- 3360798
TI  - Human complement protein C9 is a calcium binding protein. Structural and
      functional implications.
AB  - Human complement protein C9 is shown to be a metalloprotein that binds 1 mol of
      Ca2+/mol of C9 with a dissociation constant of 3 micron as measured by
      equilibrium dialysis. Incubation with EDTA removes the bound calcium, resulting
      in a apoprotein with decreased thermal stability. This loss in stability leads to
      aggregation and, therefore, to loss of hemolytic activity upon heating to a few
      degrees above the physiological temperature. Heat-induced aggregation of apoC9
      can be prevented by salts that stabilize proteins according to the Hofmeister
      series of lyotropic ions, suggesting that the ion in native C9 may ligand with
      more than one structural element or domain of the protein. Ligand blotting
      indicates that the calcium binding site is located in the amino-terminal half of
      the protein. Removal of calcium by inclusion of EDTA in assay mixtures has no
      effect on the hemolytic activity of C9, and its capacity to bind to C8 in
      solution, or to small unilamellar lipid vesicles at temperatures at or below the
      physiological range. Although we do not know yet the precise structural and
      functional role of the bound calcium, it is clear that it provides thermal
      stability to C9 and it may have a function in regulation of membrane insertion.

PMID- 3360799
TI  - Studies on the activity and activation of rat liver microsomal glutathione
      transferase, in particular with a substrate analogue series.
AB  - A number of potential substrates for the microsomal glutathione transferase have
      been investigated. Out of 11 epoxides tested, only two, i.e. androstenoxide and
      benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide, were found to be substrates. Upon treatment of the
      enzyme with N-ethylmaleimide, its activity toward only certain substrates is
      increased. It appeared upon inspection of the bimolecular rate constants from the
      corresponding nonenzymatic reactions that the substrates for which the activity
      is increased are the more reactive ones. This hypothesis was investigated further
      using a series of para-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene derivatives as
      substrates. Activation was seen only with the more reactive nitro-, aldehyde-,
      and acetaldehyde-substituted compounds and not with the amide and
      chloroanalogues, thus demonstrating the predicted effect with a related series of
      compounds. Interestingly, kcat values are increased 7-20-fold by N-ethylmaleimide
      treatment, whereas the corresponding kcat/Km value is increased only for the p
      nitro derivative. Effective molarity and rate enhancement values were found to
      increase with decreasing reactivity of the substrate, attaining maximal values of
      10(5) M and 10(8), respectively. It is concluded that the glutathione
      transferases are quite effective catalysts with their less reactive substrates.
      Hammett rho values for the kcat values of unactivated and activated enzyme were
      0.49 and 2.0, respectively. The latter value is close to those found for
      cytosolic glutathione transferases, indicating that activation changes the
      catalytic mechanism so that it more closely resembles that of the soluble
      enzymes. The rho values for kcat/Km values were 3 and 3.5 for the unactivated and
      activated enzyme, respectively, values close to those observed for the
      nonenzymatic bimolecular rate constants and thereby demonstrating that these
      reactions have similar properties. The high coefficients of correlation between
      resonance sigma- values and all of these parameters demonstrate a strong
      dependence on substrate electrophilicity, as expected for nucleophilic aromatic
      substitution.

PMID- 3360800
TI  - Biosynthesis of heme in immature erythroid cells. The regulatory step for heme
      formation in the human erythron.
AB  - Heme formation in reticulocytes from rabbits and rodents is subject to end
      product negative feedback regulation: intracellular "free" heme has been shown to
      control acquisition of transferrin iron for heme synthesis. To identify the site
      of control of heme biosynthesis in the human erythron, immature erythroid cells
      were obtained from peripheral blood and aspirated bone marrow. After incubation
      with human 59Fe transferrin, 2-[14C]glycine, or 4-[14C]delta-aminolevulinate,
      isotopic incorporation into extracted heme was determined. Addition of
      cycloheximide to increase endogenous free heme, reduced incorporation of labeled
      glycine and iron but not delta-aminolevulinate into cell heme. Incorporation of
      glycine and iron was also sensitive to inhibition by exogenous hematin (Ki, 30
      and 45 microM, respectively) i.e. at concentrations in the range which affect
      cell-free protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates. Hematin treatment rapidly
      diminished incorporation of intracellular 59Fe into heme by human erythroid cells
      but assimilation of 4-[14C]delta-aminolevulinate into heme was insensitive to
      inhibition by hematin (Ki greater than 100 microM). In human reticulocytes
      (unlike those from rabbits), addition of ferric salicylaldehyde
      isonicotinoylhydrazone, to increase the pre-heme iron pool independently of the
      transferrin cycle, failed to promote heme synthesis or modify feedback inhibition
      induced by hematin. In human erythroid cells (but not rabbit reticulocytes) pre
      incubation with unlabeled delta-aminolevulinate or protoporphyrin IX greatly
      stimulated utilization of cell 59Fe for heme synthesis and also attenuated end
      product inhibition. In human erythroid cells heme biosynthesis is thus primarily
      regulated by feedback inhibition at one or more steps which lead to delta
      aminolevulinate formation. Hence in man the regulatory process affects generation
      of the first committed precursor of porphyrin biosynthesis by delta
      aminolevulinate synthetase, whereas in the rabbit separate regulatory mechanisms
      exist which control the incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin IX.

PMID- 3360801
TI  - Isoform composition and stoichiometry of the approximately 90-kDa heat shock
      protein associated with glucocorticoid receptors.
AB  - We have observed that the approximately 90-kDa non-steroid-binding component of
      nonactivated glucocorticoid receptors purified from WEHI-7 mouse thymoma cells
      (which has been identified as the approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein)
      consistently migrates as a doublet during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      under denaturing and reducing conditions. It has recently been reported that
      murine Meth A cells contain a tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) which
      is related or identical to the approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein (Ullrich,
      S.J., Robinson, E.A., Law, L.W., Willingham, M., and Appella, E. (1986) Proc.
      Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 3121-3125). The observation that TSTA and the
      approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein isolated from these cells exists as two
      isoforms of similar molecular mass and charge has suggested to us that the
      doublet we observed is also due to the existence of two isoforms. However, unlike
      TSTA, which appears to contain the two isoforms in similar relative abundance,
      nonactivated glucocorticoid-receptor complexes seem to contain predominantly the
      lower molecular mass isoform. We have therefore conducted this study to determine
      whether TSTA and the approximately 90-kDa component of glucocorticoid receptors
      are indeed related, to establish whether the receptor preferentially binds one
      isoform of the approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein, and to investigate the
      stoichiometry of the nonactivated receptor complex. By comparing Meth A TSTA and
      the approximately 90-kDa component of the receptor in their reactions with the
      AC88 monoclonal antibody (specific for the approximately 90-kDa heat shock
      protein) and a polyclonal antibody directed against Meth A TSTA, we found that
      these two proteins are indistinguishable and probably identical. We then used the
      BuGR1 (directed against the steroid-binding subunit of glucocorticoid receptors)
      and AC88 monoclonal antibodies to purify, respectively, receptor-associated and
      free approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein from WEHI-7 cells grown for 48 h
      with [35S]methionine to metabolically label proteins to steady state. Following
      analysis of the proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing
      and reducing conditions, the relative amounts of the two isoforms in each sample
      were determined from the 35S counts and the known methionine content of each
      isoform. We found that approximately three-quarters of both the receptor
      associated and the free approximately 90-kDa heat shock protein is present as the
      lower molecular weight isoform, indicating no preferential binding of either
      isoform in the receptor. The long-term metabolic labeling approach has also
      enabled us to direc

PMID- 3360802
TI  - Three different conformational states of pregnancy zone protein identified by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Human pregnancy zone protein (PZP), related to human alpha 2-macroglobulin, forms
      dimeric/tetrameric (360/720 kDa) species. PZP binds proteinases which cause the
      cleavage of internal thiol esters in the molecule. Both the binding of
      proteinases, i.e. chymotrypsin, (CT) to PZP, forming PZP.CT complexes, or
      reaction with methylamine (MA) forming PZP.MA complexes, cause transition to a
      new similar conformational state. Reactivity of selected monoclonal antibodies
      against PZP towards the three PZP derivatives demonstrated differences in the
      reactivity pattern. PZP and PZP.MA share one determinant, which is missing on the
      PZP.CT complex. PZP after transition to PZP.CT, but not to PZP.MA, presents a
      neodeterminant detected by one of six monoclonal antibodies. The findings
      demonstrate that at least three different conformational states exist for PZP and
      its derivatives. Access to discriminating immunochemical tools makes possible an
      evaluation of the relative abundance of the different complexes in vivo.

PMID- 3360803
TI  - The complete primary structure of human matrix metalloproteinase-3. Identity with
      stromelysin.
AB  - We have determined the complete primary structure for human matrix
      metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), which has 477 residues including a 17-residue signal
      peptide. The result indicates that MMP-3 is identical with stromelysin (Whitham,
      S. E., Murphy, G., Angel, P., Rahmsdorf, H.-J., Smith, B. J., Lyons, A., Harris,
      T. J. R., Reynolds, J. J., Herrlich, P., and Docherty, A. J. P. (1986) Biochem.
      J. 240, 913-916). A striking result is that MMP-3 and collagenase are 54%
      identical in sequence, suggesting a common origin for the evolution of the two
      proteinases. We also show that in human synovial fibroblast cultures human
      recombinant interleukin-1 beta rapidly induces high levels of MMP-3 mRNA and,
      conversely, that retinoic acid or dexamethasone can suppress the MMP-3 mRNA
      levels. Similar results were obtained for human synovial collagenase mRNA. The
      data suggest that MMP-3 and collagenase expression are coordinately modulated in
      synovial fibroblast cultures.

PMID- 3360804
TI  - Human laminin B2 chain. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence with the
      B1 chain reveals variability in sequence homology between different structural
      domains.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of the human laminin B2 chain has been
      determined by sequencing of cDNA clones. The six overlapping clones studied cover
      approximately 7.5 kilobases of which 5312 nucleotides were sequenced from the 5'
      end. The open reading frame codes for a 33-residue signal peptide and a 1576
      residue B2 chain proper, which is 189 residues less than in the highly homologous
      B1 chain (Pikkarainen, T., Eddy, R., Fukushima, Y., Byers, M., Shows, T.,
      Pihlajaniemi, T., Saraste, M., and Tryggvason, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262,
      10454-10462). Computer analysis revealed that the B2 chain consists of distinct
      domains that contain helical structures, cysteine-rich repeats, and globular
      regions, as does the B1 chain. However, domain alpha and domain beta of the B1
      chain have no counterpart in B2, and the number of cysteine-rich repeats is 12,
      or 1 less than in the B1 chain. The degree of homology between the two chains is
      highest in the cysteine repeat-containing domains III and V where 40% of the
      residues match. However, results demonstrate that the B1 and B2 chains of laminin
      are highly homologous proteins that are probably the products of related genes.

PMID- 3360805
TI  - A hydrophobic protein, chargerin II, purified from rat liver mitochondria is
      encoded in the unidentified reading frame A6L of mitochondrial DNA.
AB  - Previous studies showed that a hydrophobic protein called chargerin II may have a
      key role in energy transduction of oxidative phosphorylation, since antibody
      against chargerin II labeled with monoazide ethidium inhibited ATP synthesis, ATP
      Pi exchange, and reversed electron flow from succinate to NAD coupled with
      succinate oxidation by O2. In the present work, unlabeled chargerin II was
      purified from intact rat liver mitochondria by high performance liquid
      chromatography. The purified preparation of chargerin II, which was a single
      protein as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, was
      digested with lysylendopeptidase. The digest was separated on a reverse-phase
      column into five peptides, which all cross-reacted with the antibody against
      chargerin II, indicating that they were fragments of chargerin II. The sequences
      of two of these peptides (a total of 12 amino acids) were determined and found to
      be highly homologous with the sequence of the carboxyl-terminal peptide of the
      putative polypeptide encoded by the unidentified reading frame A6L (URFA6L) of
      mammalian mitochondrial DNA. The amino acid compositions of the purified
      preparation of chargerin II were in good accord with those of the putative
      product of the URFA6L. Thus, we concluded that chargerin II is encoded by the
      URFA6L. This is the first demonstration that the URFA6L product was identified in
      rat liver mitochondria and purified from the membranes.

PMID- 3360806
TI  - Relationship of protein phosphorylation to the activation of the respiratory
      burst in human neutrophils. Defects in the phosphorylation of a group of closely
      related 48-kDa proteins in two forms of chronic granulomatous disease.
AB  - When 32P-labeled human neutrophils were activated by exposure to phorbol
      myristate acetate, three 48-kDa proteins (designated pp48/6.8, pp48/7.3, and
      pp48/7.8, from their isoelectric points) were found to have become labeled. With
      maximal stimulation, labeling was complete by 30 s. With lesser degrees of
      stimulation, the extent of labeling at 2 min correlated with rates of production
      by the phorbol-treated cells. Increased labeling of these 48-kDa proteins was
      also seen in cells exposed to f-Met-Leu-Phe. In phorbol-treated neutrophils from
      patients with X-linked cytochrome b558-negative chronic granulomatous disease,
      pp48/7.8 was labeled in a normal fashion, but pp48/6.8 and pp48/7.3 failed to
      take up 32P. In cells from patients with autosomal recessive cytochrome b558
      positive chronic granulomatous disease, however, none of the three proteins took
      up 32P in response to phorbol. The three proteins appear to be very closely
      related, as indicated by the findings that phosphoserine was the only
      phosphoamino acid found in any of the three, and all three yielded identical one
      dimensional phosphopeptide maps after digestion with either chymotrypsin or
      staphylococcal proteinase V8. These results reconcile earlier observations on
      protein phosphorylation in chronic granulomatous disease and provide further
      evidence for a relationship between the phosphorylation of this group of 48-kDa
      proteins and the activation of the respiratory burst oxidase.

PMID- 3360807
TI  - Peptide sequences that target proteins for enhanced degradation during serum
      withdrawal.
AB  - Fibroblasts increase the catabolism of certain intracellular proteins in response
      to serum withdrawal, and these proteins contain specific peptide regions that may
      be required for their increased degradation. We show that the increased
      degradation of microinjected ribonuclease A during serum withdrawal can be
      blocked by co-injection of a pentapeptide corresponding to residues 7-11 of
      ribonuclease A, Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln. Furthermore, similar peptide sequences
      appear to play a widespread role in targeting proteins for enhanced degradation.
      Affinity-purified antibodies raised against the pentapeptide are able to
      precipitate 20-35% of radiolabeled cytosolic proteins from fibroblasts. Such
      proteins are preferentially degraded when cells are deprived of serum while
      nonimmunoprecipitable proteins are degraded at the same rate in the presence and
      absence of serum. Immunoreactive cytosolic proteins also exist in rat liver and
      kidney, and these proteins are depleted when protein degradation rates are
      enhanced due to starvation. Several types of evidence suggest that the peptides
      recognized in cellular proteins are similar to Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln but are not
      this exact sequence. Analyses of amino acid sequences for four proteins whose
      degradative rates are enhanced in response to serum withdrawal and for four
      proteins that are degraded in a serum-independent manner indicate two possible
      peptide motifs related to Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln that may target cellular proteins
      for enhanced degradation. These results, combined with previous studies
      (McElligott, M. A., Miao, P., and Dice, J. F. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11986
      11993), suggest that these peptide regions target specific proteins to a
      lysosomal pathway of degradation during serum withdrawal.

PMID- 3360808
TI  - Processing of the native nerve growth factor precursor to form biologically
      active nerve growth factor.
AB  - In the mouse submaxillary gland beta nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) forms a
      complex with two members of the kallikrein family of serine proteases, termed the
      alpha- and gamma-subunits of NGF. We demonstrate that the beta-NGF precursor
      produced in mammalian cells via a recombinant vaccinia virus can be cleaved by
      stoichiometric quantities of the gamma-subunit to produce beta-NGF. Trypsin in
      catalytic quantities also produces native beta-NGF. Proper cleavage depends
      critically on the conformation of the precursor. beta-NGF has at least 10-fold
      more biological activity than its precursor.

PMID- 3360809
TI  - Identification of hormone-interacting amino acid residues within the steroid
      binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in relation to other steroid
      hormone receptors.
AB  - Purified rat liver glucocorticoid receptor was covalently charged with
      [3H]glucocorticoid by photoaffinity labeling (UV irradiation of [3H]triamcinolone
      acetonide-glucocorticoid receptor) or affinity labeling (incubation with
      [3H]dexamethasone mesylate). After labeling, separate samples of the denatured
      receptor were cleaved with trypsin (directly or after prior succinylation),
      chymotrypsin, and cyanogen bromide. Labeled residues in the peptides obtained
      were identified by radiosequence analysis. The peaks of radioactivity
      corresponded to Met-622 and Cys-754 after photoaffinity labeling with
      [3H]triamcinolone acetonide and Cys-656 after affinity labeling with
      [3H]dexamethasone mesylate. The labeled residues are all positioned within
      hydrophobic segments of the steroid-binding domain. The patterns of hydropathy
      and secondary structure for the glucocorticoid receptor are highly similar to
      those for the progestin receptor and similar but less so to those for the
      estrogen receptor and to those for c-erb A.

PMID- 3360810
TI  - Enzymatic removal of O6-ethylguanine from mitochondrial DNA in rat tissues
      exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo.
AB  - DNA repair is essential for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material,
      and a number of DNA repair mechanisms have been fairly well characterized for the
      nuclear DNA of eukaryotic cells as well as prokaryotes. However, little is known
      about DNA repair in mitochondria. Using highly sensitive immunoanalytical methods
      to detect specific DNA alkylation products, we found active removal of O6-ethyl
      2'-deoxyguanosine (O6-EtdGuo) from rat liver mitochondrial DNA after pulse
      exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in vivo. In the kidney, O6-EtdGuo was removed
      from mitochondrial DNA with moderate efficiency, but nearly no removal was
      observed from the DNA of brain mitochondria. Among the rat tissues examined, the
      kinetics of O6-EtdGuo elimination from mitochondrial DNA was very similar to the
      kinetics of removal from nuclear DNA. O4-Ethyl-2'-deoxythymidine, another
      premutagenic DNA ethylation product, was stable in both mitochondrial and nuclear
      DNA of rat liver.

PMID- 3360811
TI  - Regulation of protein kinase C by lysophospholipids. Potential role in signal
      transduction.
AB  - Certain lysophospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) in particular,
      stimulated protein kinase C at low concentrations (less than 20 microM) but,
      conversely, inhibited it at high concentrations (greater than 30 microM). Protein
      kinase C stimulation by lyso-PC required the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS)
      and Ca2+ and was associated with a decreased Ka for PS and increased Ka for Ca2+
      of the enzyme. Cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid could partially substitute for
      PS in supporting the stimulatory effect of lyso-PC. Lyso-PC also biphasically
      regulated protein kinase C activated by diolein. Of several synthetic lyso-PC
      preparations tested, the oleoyl, myristoyl and palmitoyl derivatives were most
      active. Data from the Triton X-100 mixed micellar assay indicated that 1.4 and
      14.0 mol of lyso-PC/micelle produced a maximal stimulation and a complete
      abolishment of the stimulation of protein kinase C, respectively. Protein kinase
      C stimulation by lyso-PC, with a pH optimum of about 7.5, was observed for
      phosphorylation of histone H1, myelin basic protein, and the 35- and 47-kDa
      proteins from the rat brain, but not for that of other histone subfractions and
      protamine. Lyso-PC acted synergistically with diacylglycerol in stimulating
      protein kinase C, whereas the stimulation by lyso-PC was additive to that by
      oleic acid. Protein kinase C inhibitors (alkyllysophospholipid, sphingosine,
      tamoxifen, and polymyxin B) inhibited more potently the protein kinase C activity
      stimulated by PS/Ca2+/lyso-PC than that stimulated by PS/Ca2+. The stimulatory
      and inhibitory effects of lyso-PC were not observed for myosin light chain kinase
      and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, indicating a specificity of its actions. The
      present findings suggested that lyso-PC, likely derived from membrane PC by the
      action of phospholipase A2, might play a role in signal transduction via a dual
      regulation of protein kinase C, and that it could further modulate the enzyme and
      hence the cellular activity by interplaying with diacylglycerol and unsaturated
      fatty acid, the two other classes of cellular mediators also shown to be
      activators of protein kinase C.

PMID- 3360812
TI  - Cathepsin D is membrane-associated in macrophage endosomes.
AB  - Previously we identified an acid protease activity which was located in the
      endosomes of rabbit alveolar macrophages (Diment, S., and Stahl, P.D. (1985) J.
      Biol. Chem. 260, 15311-15317). In this study, the endosomal protease is
      identified as cathepsin D by immunoprecipitation with polyclonal antibodies
      raised against rabbit cathepsin D and by NH2-terminal sequence. In order to
      elucidate the mechanism for targeting of cathepsin D to endosomes, we first
      examined the membrane association of cathepsin D with light (rho = 1.05 g/ml) and
      heavy density (rho = 1.1 g/ml) vesicles from Percoll density gradients. After
      sequential washes, 8.4 and 21.9% of cathepsin D activity remained associated with
      heavy and light density vesicles, respectively. This membrane-associated
      cathepsin D could not be solubilized in either buffer at pH 5.0 containing
      mannose 6-phosphate and EDTA or in buffer at pH 10.6. Solubilization required the
      detergent Triton X-100. To determine whether membrane-associated cathepsin D was
      found in endosomes, the enzyme was radioiodinated within endosomes and lysosomes
      with internalized lactoperoxidase. The membrane-associated form was detected in
      endosomes, but much less in lysosomes. Biosynthetic studies combined with the
      same extraction procedure revealed that macrophage cathepsin D is first
      synthesized as an inactive membrane-associated precursor. The precursor is
      processed to an active, membrane-associated form and then to the active soluble
      form found in lysosomes. Our studies provide evidence that 1) cathepsin D is in
      endosomes of macrophages; 2) cathepsin D is transported to endosomes as a
      membrane-associated form; and 3) the membrane-associated form is a biosynthetic
      precursor for the soluble form found in endosomes and lysosomes.

PMID- 3360813
TI  - Locking mechanism strength of absorbable ligating devices.
AB  - The locking mechanism strengths of the absorbable Absolok and Lactomer ligating
      clips and the absorbable Lactomer staple have been determined following
      implantation in an animal model. Three sizes of each type of clip and the single
      size of staple were enclosed in open mesh nylon pouches and implanted
      subcutaneously in rabbits for periods of 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days before tensile
      testing of the lock mechanisms. No change in the lock mechanism strength was
      detected for the Absolok clips before 21 days. The Lactomer clips and staples,
      however, showed significant decrease in lock mechanism strength within 7 days of
      implantation, this loss increasing with longer implantation times. A proportion
      of all the devices were found to have dissolved to an extent that precluded
      testing at 21 and 28 days. The findings indicate that the lock mechanisms of
      absorbable ligating clips differ significantly in their short-term (30 days)
      durability.

PMID- 3360814
TI  - Calcium phosphate-coated porous titanium implants for enhanced skeletal fixation.
AB  - Porous titanium fiber implants for cementless skeletal fixation by bone ingrowth
      were treated with a calcium phosphate coating applied by a plasma flame-spray
      technique. In a paired experiment, treated and control implants were inserted in
      the humeri and olecranons of 36 adult dogs for periods of 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks.
      After the animals were sacrificed, a biomechanical evaluation of the strength of
      skeletal fixation of the implants and a histologic evaluation of bone ingrowth
      was done. The mean shear strength of skeletal fixation at four weeks for the
      calcium phosphate-coated implants was 24% greater (P less than .01) than for
      paired controls. No difference in strength of fixation between treated and
      control implants was present at other time periods. The osteoconductive
      properties of the ceramic coating were demonstrated by bone forming in direct
      contact with the calcium phosphate coating on the metal fibers of the treated
      implants. No significant increase for the volume of bone ingrowth was established
      for treated implants compared to paired controls at any time period.

PMID- 3360816
TI  - Skeletal changes after burn injuries in an animal model.
AB  - Musculoskeletal deformities can develop after burn injuries. Seventy-five
      skeletally immature Sprague-Dawley rats were examined after infliction of full
      thickness lower extremity scald burns to assess longitudinal growth, joint
      integrity, and bone composition. Longitudinal bone growth in the immediate
      postburn period was depressed. However, with the resumption of feeding and
      activity, normal growth ensued, unless the epiphyseal cartilage had been damaged
      by septic extension of the wound. Degenerative joint changes occurred in the
      burned limbs of six animals. Significant soft tissue contractures and collapse of
      the supporting subchondral bone were present in each of the affected knee joints.
      There was no evidence of joint sepsis. Large amounts of periosteal new bone
      consistently formed along the tibia beneath the burn wound. Sequential injections
      of fluorescent bone markers demonstrated that the stimulus for new bone formation
      corresponded with the presence of an open granulating burn wound. No further
      pathologic new bone formed after the wound had healed fully.

PMID- 3360815
TI  - Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(ethylene oxide)-heparin block copolymers. I.
      Synthesis and characterization.
AB  - Amphiphilic block copolymers containing poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(ethylene
      oxide), and heparin (PDMS-PEO-Hep) have been prepared via a series of coupling
      reactions using functionalized prepolymers, diisocyanates, and derivatized
      heparins. All intermediate steps of the synthesis yield quantifiable products
      with reactive end-groups, while the final products demonstrate bioactive,
      covalently bound heparin moieties. Due to the solvent systems required,
      commercial sodium heparin was converted to its benzyltrimethyl ammonium salt to
      enhance its solubility. The same procedure was applied to heparin degraded by
      nitrous acid in order to covalently couple it in solutions with the
      semitelechelic copolymers. As might be expected, this derivatization reduces the
      apparent bioactivity of the heparin. However, preliminary findings suggest that
      the bioactivity can be restored by reforming the heparin sodium salt.

PMID- 3360817
TI  - Effect of topical applications of silver sulfadiazine on the natural killer cell
      activity in a rat model of thermal injury.
AB  - The effect of topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream on the natural
      killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity was studied in a rat model of thermal injury. The
      rats were given a 30% total body surface area scald injury and the NK cell
      cytotoxicity was studied in rats at different days postinjury with or without
      treatment with silver sulfadiazine. The NK cell activity was observed to be
      significantly (P less than .0025) suppressed at day 7 postinjury in nontreated
      burned rats compared with control sham burned animals. Interestingly, in rats
      treated with silver sulfadiazine twice daily, no suppression in NK cell activity
      was observed. The application of base cream (without silver sulfadiazine) did not
      have any significant effect on the NK cell activity in burned rats. The data show
      that the effect of silver sulfadiazine on NK cell activity may be due to the
      sulfadiazine component, since the serum levels of sulfadiazine (33.7 +/- 1.9
      micrograms/dL) were observed to be maximal at day 7 postinjury.

PMID- 3360818
TI  - Aloe vera gel hindered wound healing of experimental second-degree burns: a
      quantitative controlled study.
AB  - In the present study, Aloe vera gel (AVG) was applied to experimental second
      degree burns in guinea pigs, and its effects on epithelialization, wound
      contraction, newly formed granulation tissue, and regeneration of hair follicles
      was compared with that effected by 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (AgSD).
      Epithelialization (%mean +/- SEM) on postburn day 8, 16, and 24 of the AVG
      treated wounds was 38.72% +/- 2.71%, 60.34% +/- 3.28%, and 92.46% +/- 2.26%,
      respectively, while that of the AgSD-treated burns was 53.35% +/- 2.65%, 94.84%
      +/- 2.65%, and 100%, respectively (P less than .001). Contraction of the AVG
      wounds was significantly higher than that of the AgSD-treated burns during 24
      days of the study (P less than .001). The thickness of the newly formed
      granulation tissue was higher in the AVG-treated wounds (P less than .001), while
      the hair follicles count was significantly lower (P less than .001) compared with
      the AgSD-treated burns. It is concluded that this preparation of Aloe vera gel
      hindered the healing process of the present burn wound model when compared with
      1% silver sulfadiazine cream.

PMID- 3360819
TI  - Postburn delirium associated with use of intravenous lorazepam.
AB  - A case of delirium with persecutory delusions is reported, which occurred three
      days after a previously healthy male suffered burns over 30% of his total body
      surface area. Routine evaluation was negative for other etiology of delirium, and
      the symptoms spontaneously remitted within seven hours with no sequella. We found
      that the benefits and potential side effects of intravenous lorazepam are similar
      to but of longer duration than those of intravenous diazepam. The effects of
      intravenous lorazepam should be recognized in the differential diagnosis of
      postburn delirium in patients given this medication.

PMID- 3360820
TI  - Hearing loss following the application of topical neomycin.
AB  - Profound, irreversible ototoxicity has been reported following oral and topical
      neomycin therapy. Preexisting renal disease is a known risk factor for this
      adverse effect. In spite of the potential hazards of this drug, it continues to
      be used widely both orally and topically. This is a report of a severe, permanent
      hearing deficit that occurred in a patient with chronic renal failure. The
      patient, who had developed decubitus ulcers, was treated for three weeks with
      topical 1% neomycin solution applied in gauze-soaked bandages. Regular
      hemodialysis failed to prevent this adverse effect. Caution should be exercised
      in selecting patients to receive prolonged neomycin therapy.

PMID- 3360821
TI  - Burns in substance abusers and in neurologically and mentally impaired patients.
AB  - Drug and alcohol abusers, psychiatric patients, and those with neurologic
      dysfunction represent a large proportion of burn victims, but little is known
      about the impact of these conditions on burn morbidity. We wanted to determine
      whether this group has more complications, more surgical procedures, and longer
      hospital stays than other burn patients. We also wanted to find out if it cost
      more to care for these patients. A retrospective study of 180 patients admitted
      from January 1, 1986, to September 1, 1986, revealed that 51 (28%) of our
      patients had one or more of these impairments. The impaired and control groups
      were similar in the size of burn and the proportion of third-degree burns. The
      impaired group was much more likely to have flame burns and was somewhat older.
      The impaired patients stayed in the hospital nearly twice as long, had 60% more
      operations, and were twice as likely to have complications. No difference was
      seen in the frequency of death.

PMID- 3360822
TI  - Self-inflicted burns.
AB  - Suicide by self-inflicted burns is uncommon in Western cultures. The majority of
      patients who attempt suicide in this manner have preexisting psychiatric illness,
      including a history of prior suicide attempts. A history of previous self
      inflicted burn is rare, however, as are further suicide attempts in survivors. In
      this series of 33 patients, a cultural trend can be identified, with an increased
      incidence among Latin women.

PMID- 3360823
TI  - A multi-disciplinary model for burn rehabilitation.

PMID- 3360824
TI  - Collaborative physical therapy for a 4-month-old infant with 80% full-thickness
      burns.

PMID- 3360825
TI  - The efficacy of an autonomous burn physical therapy department in a hospital
      setting.

PMID- 3360827
TI  - A new hydrofitness device for leg musculoskeletal conditioning.
AB  - A new leg hydrofitness device has been designed for aquatic exercise. It consists
      of three separate rectangular-shaped buoyant floats that are positioned around
      the ankle. A clinical trial indicates its potential value for walking
      reeducation, strengthening leg muscles, and enhancing joint extensibility.

PMID- 3360826
TI  - Hydrofitness devices for strengthening upper extremity muscles.
AB  - Our evaluation of hydrofitness devices for strengthening arm muscles has revealed
      several important determinants of their performance. Most importantly, the
      device's frontal projection should be in the shape of a paddle whose surface area
      can be varied to meet the individual exerciser's needs. Its weight should be
      light to minimize the inertial forces encountered in charging the velocity of
      paddle movement. Its handle should have a relatively large circumference without
      digital profiling. These optimal performance parameters have been recently
      incorporated into a new hydrofitness device that will be commercially available
      for aquatic exercise programs for strengthening upper extremity muscles.

PMID- 3360828
TI  - Scalds from molten tar: an industrial hazard.

PMID- 3360829
TI  - Measuring quality in burn treatment requires a burn registry.

PMID- 3360831
TI  - Clinical comparison of St. Jude and porcine mitral valve prostheses.
AB  - One hundred and six consecutive patients who had mitral valve replacement with
      either a St. Jude or porcine heterograft prosthesis were prospectively studied.
      The 2 groups are similar with respect to 67 clinical and operative factors and
      allow comparison of valve performance as an independent variable. Total follow-up
      is 3,312 patient-months (mean 36 months, range 2-57 months, 94% complete). There
      are no statistical differences in symptomatic improvement or mortality by life
      table analysis. Valve-related complications expressed as percent per patient-year
      are: reoperation: 1.8 St. Jude and 3.8 porcine; endocarditis: 1.2 and 1.9;
      regurgitant murmur: 2.3 and 1.9; hemolysis: 1.8 and 0.0; late thromboembolism:
      1.8 and 1.0; hemorrhage: 2.9 and 2.9; and valve failure: 0.0 and 1.0. There were
      no significant differences found. Actuarial survival at 3 years was 78% in St.
      Jude and 81% in porcine patients. Forty-six percent of patients with St. Jude
      valves and 55% of patients with porcine valves were alive and free of all
      complications at latest follow-up. The clinical performance of St. Jude and
      porcine mitral valves are similar over this period of intermediate follow-up.

PMID- 3360830
TI  - Clear prime for infant cardiopulmonary bypass: a miniaturized circuit.
AB  - The extracorporeal circuit used clinically to perform cardiopulmonary bypass
      (CPB) in small infants is relatively large requiring blood to prime the circuit
      to reduce hemodilution. To study the merits of clear prime also in infants, we
      did experiments in rabbits with two extracorporeal circuits: one employing
      traditional venous gravity drainage (priming volume 330 ml) and the other
      employing vacuum drainage (priming volume 90 ml). The first circuit still had to
      be primed with blood, whereas the second circuit could be primed with a clear
      solution. Both circuits were automatically controlled to lighten the task of the
      perfusionist to operate the CPB safely and accurately. We demonstrated that the
      clear priming solution in the second circuit eliminates the hemodynamic
      deterioration caused by blood prime in the first circuit. Studying the effect of
      various modes of regulation, we showed that automatic control of CPB based on
      venous return is similar to autoregulation of the heart according to Starling's
      law, and maintains not only normal hemodynamics, but also an optimal
      microcirculation.

PMID- 3360832
TI  - Early and late results of surgery for atrial septal defect in patients aged over
      60 years.
AB  - To assess the risks and benefits attending the surgical repair of atrial septal
      defect in the elderly the case histories of all patients operated on at the age
      of 60 years or more were reviewed and follow-up study, including cardiac
      catheterization, was performed. A total of 17 patients (12 females and 5 males)
      were identified. The left-to-right shunt ratio averaged 2.7. Fifteen patients had
      abnormally high systolic (greater than 30 mmHg) or mean (greater than 20 mmHg)
      pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary arterial resistance was elevated
      (greater than 1.5 units) in eight. One patient died shortly after surgery
      (operative mortality, 6%) and major postoperative complications were found in
      four additional patients (24%). Three months after surgery the effort capacity
      had improved by at least one class in all survivors. After an average of 8.2
      years follow-up 12 patients were alive. Ten of them felt better than
      preoperatively. Eight agreed to cardiac catheterization. The pulmonary blood flow
      was markedly decreased in all (means, 5.6 l/min postoperatively, vs 11.2 l/min
      preoperatively) even though a hemodynamically significant shunt persisted in two
      patients. The mean pulmonary artery pressure had decreased in all who were
      hypertensive before operation (mean, 25 mmHg vs 33 mmHg). It had slightly
      increased in patients who had normal pulmonary pressure preoperatively (mean, 27
      mmHg vs 19 mmHg). The pulmonary arterial resistance was higher than before
      surgery in all except one patient (mean, 2.2 units vs 1.5 units).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3360833
TI  - Successful surgical treatment of a case of listeria monocytogenes endocarditis.
AB  - Endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes is rare with only twenty one cases to
      our knowledge appearing in the world's literature to date. We report a further
      case with a successful surgical outcome and stress the importance of surgery in
      the treatment of infective endocarditis. There is a clear predilection of this
      organism for the left side of the heart and systemic embolization is frequent. In
      contrast to other clinical forms of listeriosis, endocarditis has not been
      associated with debilitating states or immunosuppressive treatments. Though
      clinical and laboratory data suggest a similarity with other types of bacterial
      endocarditis, the prognosis is more unfavorable and the mortality rate higher.

PMID- 3360834
TI  - Sexual dysfunction as a symptom of arteriosclerosis and a complication to
      reconstruction of the aorto-iliac segment.
AB  - 68 males were studied retrospectively after reconstructive surgery on the aorto
      iliac segment with regard to sexual function pre- and postoperatively. The
      parameters used to evaluate the sexual dysfunctions were: penile-brachial-index
      (PBI), urethral pressure profile, rectal-urethral-temperature-gradient (RUTG),
      and urinary flow. Furthermore, in all patients a preoperative arteriogram was
      available and all patients were carefully interviewed on their sexual functions
      before and after surgery. It is concluded that PBI is a good parameter of the
      perfusion pressure of the internal iliac artery, which is a significant factor
      for erectile function. The urethral pressure profile has no relation to erectile
      function, but the results indicate that peroperative damage of the sympathetic
      nerves do have a significant influence on retrograde ejaculation postoperatively.

PMID- 3360835
TI  - A model to test grafts in the venous system under varying flow conditions.
AB  - Ligation of suprarenal or inter-renal vena cava reduces caval flow by 59% and
      89%, respectively, in Sprague-Dawley rats. This was used as a model to test
      grafts under varying flow conditions. PTFE-grafts, homologous vein grafts and
      peritoneal tube grafts of about 2 mm in diameter were tested. The vena cava was
      replaced with one of the grafts (5-16 mm in length) as an interposition graft and
      the animals were followed for more than 3 months. High patency rates were found
      during all flow conditions with PTFE-grafts and vein grafts and during normal
      flow with peritoneal tube grafts. Despite the small diameter of the grafts and
      the severely reduced flow it seemed thus possible to maintain patency with both
      biological and prosthetic material.

PMID- 3360837
TI  - Vascular compression in the thoracic outlet. Age dependent normative values in
      noninvasive testing.
AB  - Thoracic outlet syndromes are the result of vascular and/or nerve compression. In
      order to diagnose these syndromes careful clinical examination and objective
      testing are required. Vascular compression can be provoked by three well-defined
      thoracic outlet compression manoeuvres. Changes in vascular pulsation during
      these manoeuvres can be registered by means of plethysmography of the fingers.
      For an adequate interpretation of the clinical value of the various techniques of
      provoking vascular compression, a knowledge is required of the frequency with
      which vascular compression can be provoked in normal subjects of different age
      groups. We measured the changes in pulse in normal volunteers in 5-year age
      groups ranging from 15 to 85. This study showed that vascular compression until
      zero flow during 120 degrees arm abduction seems to be normal rather than
      abnormal. Zero flow during Adson manoeuvre and military attitude did not occur
      frequently in the supine position in normal subjects. Neither the different age
      groups nor the sexes showed any real differences in the quality of the findings.
      Therefore, establishing zero flow by means of a costoclavicular compression or
      scalenic compression is a clinically significant finding, while zero flow during
      120 degrees abduction (pectoralis minor compression) is within normal limits.

PMID- 3360836
TI  - Early experience utilizing the in situ saphenous vein technique in 54 patients.
AB  - We have compared our early and late experience utilizing in situ saphenous vein
      bypass graft for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease in 54 patients who
      underwent in situ femoral to popliteal and distal bypass grafts between July of
      1983 and February 1985. There were 3 femoral to above-knee popliteal bypasses, 27
      femoral to below-knee popliteal bypass grafts, 12 femoral to anterior tibial
      dorsalis pedis bypass grafts, 10 femoral to posterior tibial bypass grafts and 2
      femoral to peroneal in situ bypass grafts. The operative indications were
      progressive disabling claudication in 8 (15%) and limb salvage in 46 (85%).
      Eighty-nine percent of the limb salvage patients had 0-1 vessel runoff by
      arteriogram. Cumulative life table patency of the 54 in situ bypass grafts was
      79% at 20 months. One hundred percent of the patients who were operated on for
      disabling claudication had patent grafts at 20 months. Seventy-eight percent of
      the limb salvage patients had patent grafts. Fourteen of the limb salvage
      patients required amputation and of these 14, 10 had patent grafts at the time of
      amputation. There were 8 deaths in the series. Our results demonstrate that a
      definite learning curve exists with this technique, however, once established,
      long-term patency and improved limb salvage statistics can be obtained.

PMID- 3360838
TI  - Reciprocal compression between the axillary artery and brachial plexus.
AB  - Angiographic studies were performed on 60 of 394 patients diagnosed as having
      thoracic outlet syndrome. Ten of the patients studied angiographically presented
      with obstruction of contrast material in the axilla with refilling of the
      axillary artery through the external mammary and shoulder arteries. The
      obstruction was caused by lower trunk brachial plexus compression. This seldom
      known cause of hyperabduction syndrome occurred in 2.5 per cent of the patients
      examined for thoracic outlet syndrome. Surgical treatment consists of loosening
      the axillary artery by tying off the external mammary and circumflex arteries,
      followed by section and anastomosis of the axillary artery anteriorly to the
      brachial plexus. Angiography is considered a basic diagnostic procedure, mainly
      when concomitant compression occurs and gives good dynamic information on the
      location and importance of the compression.

PMID- 3360839
TI  - Visualization and recording of intravascular details by fiberoptic angioscopy:
      the Sumida cardioangioscope.
AB  - Direct selective observation of the intravascular lumen through a catheter
      cardioangioscope provides accurate diagnostic information that facilitates the
      detection and treatment of vascular diseases. The Sumida-cardioangioscope is
      approximately 0.75 to 2.4 mm in diameter and consists of at least 3,000-6,000
      delicate glass fibers, each measuring 4.8-5.5 micron and fused into a long
      flexible 75 to 130 cm tube. The cardioangioscope has the following components:
      (1) a scope connected to a camera; (2) a lightguide, consisting of 80-500 fibers,
      measuring 30-50 micron in diameter, and a 75-watt xenon lamp; (3) a transport
      channel for saline or drug solution; (4) an inflatable cuff; and (5) a handle to
      manipulate the catheter tip. The abdominal aorta in living dogs and the coronary
      arteries, aortic valves, abdominal-iliac, femoral and popliteal arteries,
      abdomino-iliac bifurcation, and venous system were clearly observed and recorded
      on videotape, 16-mm movie film and 35-mm photographic film. Angioplasty by
      balloon and laser ablation are possible applications.

PMID- 3360841
TI  - Axilloaxillary bypass: is it worthwhile?
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy and long-term patency results of axilloaxillary bypass,
      a review of 32 patients with follow-up extending to 11 years was done. Twenty-two
      bypasses were performed for vertebrobasilar symptoms or subclavian steal and 10
      for upper extremity claudication and/or ischemia. The mean age of the operative
      group was 66 years, 94% of patients had more than one atherosclerotic risk factor
      (hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, smoking), and 75% had undergone
      a previous arterial reconstruction operation. There were no operative deaths, and
      the only postoperative complication was a sterile seroma which responded to
      aspiration. At late follow-up extending to 11 years, three grafts had thrombosed
      while another became infected and had to be removed; no limb loss resulted from
      these graft failures and the actual late patency rate was 87%. Carotid-subclavian
      bypass, intrathoracic bypasses, and endarterectomy at the site of occlusion have
      all been suggested for the treatment of symptomatic proximal subclavian artery
      disease. With axilloaxillary bypass, however, the hazards associated with carotid
      artery manipulation, operation on the notoriously treacherous subclavian artery,
      and the morbidity related to thoracotomy in this older, high-risk patient
      population can be avoided. The axilloaxillary bypass is safe and simple, and the
      excellent long-term patency rates make it the procedure of choice for symptomatic
      subclavian artery disease.

PMID- 3360840
TI  - Late results following extra-anatomic bypass procedures for chronic aortoiliac
      occlusive disease.
AB  - During the period from 1970 to 1983 150 extra-anatomic bypass operations were
      carried out on 129 high risk patients revascularizing 157 extremities. There were
      124 axillofemoral and 26 femorofemoral bypass grafts. In elective operations the
      mortality ranged from 4.9% for the axillofemoral bypass and 3.7% for the
      femorofemoral bypass. A five year postoperative follow-up showed a cumulative
      patency rate (according to life table method) of 80.21% for the femorofemoral
      bypass, 79.90% for the axillobifemoral bypass (Type IV) and 45.77% for the
      unilateral axillofemoral bypass (Type I and II). Considering the low operative
      mortality, the short operating time, the late results and the high late mortality
      independent of the surgical procedure, the femorofemoral bypass and in many ways
      also the axillobifemoral bypass represent suitable and effective methods of
      operation for high risk patients, whereas unilateral and bilateral axillofemoral
      grafts showed a high rate of graft thrombosis and poor long term results (Type I
      and III).

PMID- 3360842
TI  - Descending thoracic aortofemoral-femoral bypass: a remedial alternative for the
      failed aortobifemoral bypass.
AB  - The patient with densely scarred retroperitoneum, multiple previous celiotomies,
      failed remedial retroperitoneal aortobifemoral graft or multiple extra-anatomic
      graft failures presenting with limb-threatening ischemia taxes the ingenuity of
      the most experienced vascular surgeon. Lower extremity revascularization, in
      these situations, is dependent upon achieving adequate femoral arterial inflow.
      One remedial alternative method to achieve this goal is the descending thoracic
      aortofemoral-femoral bypass (DTAF-F). The authors' experience with three recent
      patients requiring DTAF-F is described, and literature of similar alternative
      techniques is reviewed.

PMID- 3360843
TI  - A new temporary shunt: its use in surgery of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - A temporary mechanical shunt bypassing the necessary clamp during aortic surgery
      is described. In rare specific situations, it can be a favourable adjuvant since
      the shunt may protect tissue distal to the cross-clamping from ischemic changes
      and prevent deleterious hemodynamic effects of the clamping procedure. A
      mechanical bypass machine with a roller type pumphead was utilised to connect one
      brachial artery with both the femoral/iliac arteries. Two automatic magnetic
      clamps alternated the whole blood flow to each artery at a fixed time interval.
      In this way the blood flow resembled a pulsative one. Through a second pump
      heparin could be given continuously. The bypass machine was equipped with
      pressure guards and a bubble detector for safety monitoring. The technical
      aspects are discussed.

PMID- 3360844
TI  - Risk factors and transfusion requirements in aortic surgery.
AB  - An audit of heterologous blood usage was made on 169 of 185 successive patients
      undergoing aortic surgery with a view to identifying factors determining
      individual transfusion requirements. The use of knitted prostheses was associated
      with 1.4 units, and aneurysmal disease 1.0 units of extra transfusion. Other
      factors influencing extra transfusion requirements were presence of hypertension,
      diabetes mellitus and low preoperative haemoglobin values. Clearly, if
      appropriate, the use of woven grafts seems worthwhile in terms of reduced
      transfusion requirements. However, individual prediction of patient transfusion
      requirements does not appear feasible with the factors studied.

PMID- 3360845
TI  - Crossover femoral-popliteal and femoral-tibial bypass.
AB  - Crossover femoral-popliteal or femoral-tibial bypass has been employed as an
      alternative extra-anatomic bypass in 3 patients who had occlusion of an iliac
      artery with subsequent occlusion of the ipsilateral femoral artery with patency
      of either a popliteal or tibial artery and a patency of the contralateral common
      femoral artery. Each patient had a contraindication to a more conventional type
      of procedure. All procedures were performed with reinforced PTFE grafts. All
      grafts have remained patent for 6 months to 3 years. This operation should be
      considered as an alternative extra-anatomic reconstructive procedure in patients
      with the appropriate anatomy and who are not candidates for more standard types
      of vascular reconstruction.

PMID- 3360846
TI  - Inflammatory aortic aneurysm: report of a case suggesting athero-ischaemic
      aetiology.
AB  - A case of inflammatory aortic aneurysm is presented in which histology revealed
      athero-emboli in the aortic vasa vasorum. It is suggested that ischaemic injury
      to the media, caused by lesions such as these and by other features of
      atherosclerosis, may be the initiating factor in some cases of idiopathic chronic
      periaortitis.

PMID- 3360847
TI  - Micronuclei and the cytoplasm of growing Tetrahymena contain a histone acetylase
      activity which is highly specific for free histone H4.
AB  - Salt extracts prepared from purified micronuclei and the cytoplasm of growing
      Tetrahymena contain a histone acetylase (also referred to as histone
      acetyltransferase) activity which is highly specific for H4 when tested as a free
      histone. With both extracts, H4 is acetylated first at position 4
      (monoacetylated) or positions 4 and 11 (diacetylated), sites diagnostic of
      deposition-related acetylation of newly synthesized H4 in vivo. As the
      concentration of cytosolic extract is decreased in the in vitro reactions,
      acetylation of H3 is also observed. Neither activity acetylates histone in a
      chromatin form. These activities are distinct from a macronuclear acetylase which
      acetylates H3 and H4 (macro- or micronuclear) equally well as free histones and
      which acetylates all four core histones when mononucleosomes are used as
      substrate. As well, the micronuclear and cytoplasmic activities give similar
      thermal-inactivation profiles which are different from that of the macronuclear
      activity. In situ enzyme assays demonstrate a macronuclear-specific activity
      which acetylates endogenous macronuclear chromatin and an independent
      micronuclear-cytosolic activity which is able to act upon exogenously added free
      H4. These results argue strongly that an identical acetylase is responsible for
      the micronuclear and cytoplasmic activity which is either modified or altogether
      distinct from that in macronuclei.

PMID- 3360848
TI  - Intracellular fusion of sequentially formed endocytic compartments.
AB  - A polyclonal anti-fluorescein antibody (AFA) which quenches fluorescein
      fluorescence has been used to distinguish between two models of intracellular
      vesicle traffic. These models address the question of whether sequentially
      endocytosed probes will mix intracellularly or whether they are carried through
      the cell in a sequential, isolated manner. Using transferrin (Tf) as a recycling
      receptor marker, we incubated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with fluorescein
      Tf (F-Tf) which is rapidly endocytosed. After the F-Tf was completely cleared
      from the surface, AFA was added to the incubation medium and entered endocytic
      compartments by fluid phase endocytosis. Fusion of a vesicle containing AFA with
      the compartment containing F-Tf results in binding of AFA to fluorescein and the
      quenching of fluorescein fluorescence. When AFA was added to the culture medium 2
      min after clearance of F-Tf from the surface, time dependent fluorescence
      quenching occurred. After 20 min, 67% saturation of F-Tf with AFA was observed.
      When the interval between F-Tf clearance and AFA addition was increased to 5 min
      only 41% saturation of F-Tf was found. These data indicate that there are some
      compartments which are accessible for mixing with subsequently endocytosed
      molecules, but the efficiency of mixing falls off rapidly as the interval between
      pulses is increased. In CHO cells Tf swiftly segregates to a collection of
      vesicles or tubules in the para-Golgi region, and at steady state most of the F
      Tf is in this compartment. Using digital image analysis to quantify quenching in
      this region, we have found that F-Tf/AFA mixing is occurring either within this
      compartment or before transferrin enters it.

PMID- 3360849
TI  - Characterization of the thermotolerant cell. I. Effects on protein synthesis
      activity and the regulation of heat-shock protein 70 expression.
AB  - Exposure of mammalian cells to a nonlethal heat-shock treatment, followed by a
      recovery period at 37 degrees C, results in increased cell survival after a
      subsequent and otherwise lethal heat-shock treatment. Here we characterize this
      phenomenon, termed acquired thermotolerance, at the level of translation. In a
      number of different mammalian cell lines given a severe 45 degrees C/30-min shock
      and then returned to 37 degrees C, protein synthesis was completely inhibited for
      as long as 5 h. Upon resumption of translational activity, there was a marked
      induction of heat-shock (or stress) protein synthesis, which continued for
      several hours. In contrast, cells first made thermotolerant (by a pretreatment
      consisting of a 43 degrees C/1.5-h shock and further recovery at 37 degrees C)
      and then presented with the 45 degrees C/30-min shock exhibited considerably less
      translational inhibition and an overall reduction in the amount of subsequent
      stress protein synthesis. The acquisition and duration of such "translational
      tolerance" was correlated with the expression, accumulation, and relative half
      lives of the major stress proteins of 72 and 73 kD. Other agents that induce the
      synthesis of the stress proteins, such as sodium arsenite, similarly resulted in
      the acquisition of translational tolerance. The probable role of the stress
      proteins in the acquisition of translational tolerance was further indicated by
      the inability of the amino acid analogue, L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, an
      inducer of nonfunctional stress proteins, to render cells translationally
      tolerant. If, however, analogue-treated cells were allowed to recover in normal
      medium, and hence produce functional stress proteins, full translational
      tolerance was observed. Finally, we present data indicating that the 72- and 73
      kD stress proteins, in contrast to the other major stress proteins (of 110, 90,
      and 28 kD), are subject to strict regulation in the stressed cell. Quantitation
      of 72- and 73-kD synthesis after heat-shock treatment under a number of
      conditions revealed that "titration" of 72/73-kD synthesis in response to stress
      may represent a mechanism by which the cell monitors its local growth
      environment.

PMID- 3360850
TI  - Light-induced structural changes of cytoskeleton in squid photoreceptor
      microvilli detected by rapid-freeze method.
AB  - The cytoskeleton in squid photoreceptor microvilli was studied by freeze
      substitution electron microscopy combined with rapid freezing using liquid
      helium, under dark-adapted and light-illuminated conditions. In the dark-adapted
      microvilli, actin filaments were regularly associated with granular structures on
      their surface; these granular structures were cross-linked to the rhodopsin
      bearing plasma membranes through slender strands. Upon exposure to light, the
      granular components detached from the actin filaments, which then appeared to be
      fragmented and/or depolymerized. These observations have led us to conclude that
      light stimulation triggers the breakdown of the microvillar actin filament
      complex in squid photoreceptor cells. The results are discussed with special
      reference to the physiological role of actin filaments in photoreception.

PMID- 3360851
TI  - Mechanical properties of brain tubulin and microtubules.
AB  - We measured the elasticity and viscosity of brain tubulin solutions under various
      conditions with a cone and plate rheometer using both oscillatory and steady
      shearing modes. Microtubules composed of purified tubulin, purified tubulin with
      taxol and 3x cycled microtubule protein from pig, cow, and chicken behaved as
      mechanically indistinguishable viscoelastic materials. Microtubules composed of
      pure tubulin and heat stable microtubule-associated proteins were also similar
      but did not recover their mechanical properties after shearing like other
      samples, even after 60 min. All of the other microtubule samples were more rigid
      after flow orientation, suggesting that the mechanical properties of anisotropic
      arrays of microtubules may be substantially greater than those of randomly
      arranged microtubules. These experiments confirm that MAPs do not cross link
      microtubules. Surprisingly, under conditions where microtubule assembly is
      strongly inhibited (either 5 degrees or at 37 degrees C with colchicine or Ca++)
      tubulin was mechanically indistinguishable from microtubules at 10-20 microM
      concentration. By electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation these samples were
      devoid of microtubules or other obvious structures. However, these mechanical
      data are strong evidence that tubulin will spontaneously assemble into alternate
      structures (aggregates) in nonpolymerizing conditions. Because unpolymerized
      tubulin is found in significant quantities in the cytoplasm, it may contribute
      significantly to the viscoelastic properties of cytoplasm, especially at low
      deformation rates.

PMID- 3360852
TI  - Polymerization of actin by positively charged liposomes.
AB  - By cosedimentation, spectrofluorimetry, and electron microscopy, we have
      established that actin is induced to polymerize at low salt concentrations by
      positively charged liposomes. This polymerization occurs only at the surface of
      the liposomes, and thus monomers not in direct contact with the liposome remain
      monomeric. The integrity of the liposome membrane is necessary to maintain actin
      in its polymerized state since disruption of the liposome depolymerizes actin.
      Actin polymerized at the surface of the liposome is organized into two
      filamentous structures: sheets of parallel filaments in register and a netlike
      organization. Spectrofluorimetric analysis with the probe N-pyrenyl-iodoacetamide
      shows that actin is in the F conformation, at least in the environment of the
      probe. However, actin assembly induced by the liposome is not accompanied by full
      ATP hydrolysis as observed in vitro upon addition of salts.

PMID- 3360853
TI  - Two membrane protein fractions from rat central myelin with inhibitory properties
      for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading.
AB  - Lack of neurite growth in optic nerve explants in vitro has been suggested to be
      due to nonpermissive substrate properties of higher vertebrate central nervous
      system (CNS) white matter. We have searched for surface components in CNS white
      matter, which would prevent neurite growth. CNS, but not peripheral nervous
      system (PNS) myelin fractions from rat and chick were highly nonpermissive
      substrates in vitro. We have used an in vitro spreading assay with 3T3 cells to
      quantify substrate qualities of membrane fractions and of isolated membrane
      proteins reconstituted in artificial lipid vesicles. CNS myelin nonpermissiveness
      was abolished by treatment with proteases and was not associated with myelin
      lipid. Nonpermissive proteins were found to be membrane bound and yielded highly
      nonpermissive substrates upon reconstitution into liposomes. Size fractionation
      of myelin protein by SDS-PAGE revealed two highly nonpermissive minor protein
      fractions of Mr 35 and 250-kD. Removal of 35- and of 250-kD protein fractions
      yielded a CNS myelin protein fraction with permissive substrate properties.
      Supplementation of permissive membrane protein fractions (PNS, liver) with low
      amounts of 35- or of 250-kD CNS myelin protein was sufficient to generate highly
      nonpermissive substrates. Inhibitory 35- and 250-kD proteins were found to be
      enriched in CNS white matter and were found in optic nerve cell cultures which
      contained highly nonpermissive, differentiated oligodendrocytes. The data
      presented demonstrate the existence of membrane proteins with potent
      nonpermissive substrate properties. Distribution and properties suggest that
      these proteins might play a crucial inhibitory role during development and
      regeneration in CNS white matter.

PMID- 3360854
TI  - Neurite extension of chicken peripheral nervous system neurons on fibronectin:
      relative importance of specific adhesion sites in the central cell-binding domain
      and the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment.
AB  - Fibronectin contains at least two domains that support cell adhesion. One is the
      central cell-binding domain that is recognized by a variety of cell types,
      including fibroblasts. The second, originally identified by its ability to
      support melanoma cell adhesion, is located in the alternatively spliced type III
      connecting segment (IIICS). Using specific adhesive ligands and inhibitory
      probes, we have examined the role of each of these domains in fibronectin
      mediated neurite extension of neurons from chick embryo dorsal root and
      sympathetic ganglia. In studies using explanted ganglia, both fl3, a 75-kD
      tryptic fragment of human plasma fibronectin containing the central cell-binding
      domain, and CS1-IgG, a synthetic peptide-IgG conjugate containing the principal
      cell adhesion site from the IIICS, supported neurite outgrowth after adsorption
      onto the substrate. The maximal activities of fl3 and CSl-IgG were 45-55% and 25
      30% that of intact fibronectin, respectively. Co-coating of the substrate with
      f13 and CS1-IgG produced an additive stimulation of neurite outgrowth, the extent
      of which approached that obtained with fibronectin. Similar results were obtained
      with purified neuronal cell preparations isolated by tryptic dissociation of
      dorsal root ganglia. In complementary studies, blockage of the adhesive function
      of either the central cell-binding domain (with mAb 333, an antiadhesive
      monoclonal antibody) or the IIICS (with CS1 peptide), resulted in approximately
      60 or 30% reduction in fibronectin-mediated neurite outgrowth, respectively. When
      tested in combination, the inhibitory activities of mAb 333 and CSl were
      additive. From these results, we conclude that neurons from the peripheral
      nervous system can extend neurites on both the central cell-binding domain and
      the IIICS region of fibronectin, and that these cells are therefore the first
      normal, embryonic cell type shown to adhere to the IIICS. These results suggest
      that spatiotemporal fluctuations in the alternative mRNA splicing of the IIICS
      region of fibronectin may be important in regulation of cell adhesive events
      during development of the peripheral nervous system.

PMID- 3360857
TI  - Prescribed drugs and patient consent.

PMID- 3360855
TI  - Differential effects of laminin, intact type IV collagen, and specific domains of
      type IV collagen on endothelial cell adhesion and migration.
AB  - Laminin and type IV collagen were compared for the ability to promote aortic
      endothelial cell adhesion and directed migration in vitro. Substratum-adsorbed IV
      promoted aortic endothelial cell adhesion in a concentration dependent fashion
      attaining a maximum level 141-fold greater than controls within 30 min. Aortic
      endothelial cell adhesion to type IV collagen was not inhibited by high levels
      (10(-3) M) of arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine. In contrast, adhesion of aortic
      endothelial cells on laminin was slower, attaining only 53% of the adhesion
      observed on type IV collagen by 90 min. Type IV collagen when added to the lower
      well of a Boyden chamber stimulated the directional migration of aortic
      endothelial cells in a concentration dependent manner with a maximal response 6.9
      fold over control levels, whereas aortic endothelial cells did not migrate in
      response to laminin at any concentration (.01-2.0 X 10(-7) M). Triple helix-rich
      fragments of type IV collagen were nearly as active as intact type IV collagen in
      stimulating both adhesion and migration whereas the carboxy terminal globular
      domain was less active at promoting adhesion (36% of the adhesion promoted by
      intact type IV collagen) or migration. Importantly, aortic endothelial cells also
      migrate to substratum adsorbed gradients of type IV collagen suggesting that the
      mechanism of migration is haptotactic in nature. These results demonstrate that
      the aortic endothelial cell adhesion and migration is preferentially promoted by
      type IV collagen compared with laminin, and has a complex molecular basis which
      may be important in angiogenesis and large vessel repair.

PMID- 3360856
TI  - Expression of human basic fibroblast growth factor cDNA in baby hamster kidney
      derived cells results in autonomous cell growth.
AB  - Growth factor over-production by responsive cells might contribute to their
      autonomous proliferation as well as their acquisition of a transformed phenotype
      in culture. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce
      transient changes in cell behavior that resemble those encountered in transformed
      cells. In addition, several types of human tumor cells have been shown to produce
      bFGF. To determine directly the role that bFGF might play in the induction of the
      transformed phenotype, we have introduced a human bFGF cDNA expression vector
      into baby hamster kidney-derived (BHK-21) fibroblasts. One of the BHK
      transfectants, termed clone 19, expresses the bFGF mRNA and produces biologically
      active bFGF that accumulates to a high concentration inside the cells. These
      properties correlate with the ability of the cells to grow in serum-free medium
      without the addition of exogenous bFGF. Clone 19 cells also proliferated in soft
      agar, indicating that constitutive expression of the bFGF gene results in a loss
      of anchorage-dependent growth.

PMID- 3360858
TI  - A bioequivalence study of six brands of cephalexin.
AB  - The bioequivalence of six brands of cephalexin capsules or tablets was studied in
      six healthy volunteers in a crossover design. Single oral doses (1 X 500 mg) of
      each product were administered at intervals of 1 week. Bioequivalence was
      assessed by a urinary excretion method in which the drug was assayed by a
      sensitive and precise high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method.
      Statistical analysis of the cumulative urinary amounts of cephalexin excreted
      after 7 h indicated no significant differences between brand A and the other
      brands. However, brand C was significantly different from brands F and B. The
      various brands did not differ from each other with respect to urinary excretion
      rate, time to reach the urinary peak height, elimination rate constant and
      absorption rate constant. The study demonstrated that the six products of
      cephalexin were bioequivalent.

PMID- 3360859
TI  - The formulation and stability of a unit-dose oral vitamin K1 preparation.
AB  - A unit-dose oral vitamin K1 solution (1 mg ml-1) was developed for administration
      to neonates as prophylaxis against early haemorrhagic disease of the new-born.
      Previously, a multidose oral-drop solution was prepared from sterile ampoules of
      vitamin K1 injection (10 mg ml-1). The unit-dose preparation enabled accurate and
      convenient dose delivery and was more economical than the multidose solution.
      Furthermore, the preparation of sterile, single-dose units enabled the
      elimination of potentially harmful preservatives from the formulation. The unit
      dose preparation was shown to be stable for 6 months under refrigerated storage
      conditions.

PMID- 3360860
TI  - Effect of food on the bioavailability of a slow-release theophylline formulation.
AB  - A study was conducted in two groups of healthy volunteers to assess whether the
      time of administration (10 min before the meal versus 60 min after the meal)
      influences the pharmacokinetics and absorption kinetics of a slow-release
      theophylline product (Teonova). In the first group (Group A, n = 10), the drug
      was given in a paired-sample design as a single dose of 600 mg before and after
      breakfast with an interval of at least 1 week between the two administrations. In
      the second group (Group B, n = 10), Teonova was given by the same study design
      before and after dinner. In all cases, time curves of theophylline plasma levels
      were determined by collecting serial blood samples 24 h after dosing and analysed
      pharmacokinetically through model-independent methods. In Group A, curves
      obtained before and after the meal were fully superimposable, and no difference
      was found between the pharmacokinetic parameters determined in either condition.
      The same result was obtained in Group B. Our results indicate that, after single
      dose, the two different times of administration that we tested were equivalent in
      pharmacokinetic terms.

PMID- 3360861
TI  - Determination of nifedipine and its three principal metabolites in plasma and
      urine by automated electron-capture capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, efficient, linear and reproducible capillary gas chromatographic
      method with electron-capture detection was developed for the quantitation of
      nifedipine and its primary metabolite M-I in plasma together with the urinary and
      principal metabolites M-II and M-III. On-column, rather than split-splitless,
      injection was employed to obviate oxidative degradation of nifedipine to M-I. The
      photosensitivity of nifedipine was re-examined under laboratory conditions and
      nifedipine was found to have a half-life in excess of two days when amber
      glassware and darkroom manipulations under red light were used. The method can
      determine nifedipine and its metabolites in plasma and urine after a single oral
      dose of 5 mg and can be applied to measure M-I production by human liver
      microsomes.

PMID- 3360862
TI  - Fatty acid profiles of sebaceous triglycerides by capillary gas chromatography
      with mass-selective detection.
AB  - Fatty acid methyl esters prepared from the triglyceride fraction of skin surface
      lipids from six adult human males were chromatographed on a 50-m fused-silica
      column coated with the highly polar cyanopropylpolysiloxane phase. This permitted
      the resolution of double-bond positional and geometric isomers. By means of mass
      selective detection, 33 saturated and 14 unsaturated fatty acid chain types were
      analysed. Interpretation of the mass spectra combined with precise calculation of
      equivalent chain length values permitted the identification of 22 saturated and
      all of the unsaturated chain types. Quantification by integration of total-ion
      and selected-ion chromatograms revealed marked variation in the triglyceride
      fatty acid composition between different subjects. The greatest variation was
      observed in the concentrations of even-carbon-numbered iso-branched acids, which
      ranged from 1.5 to 11% of the saturated and from 1.9 to 12.7% of the
      monounsaturated acids. The anteiso chain structures constituted 4-9% of the
      saturated and 3-6% of the unsaturated members. Fatty acids with 4-methyl branch
      showed the least variation, in the range 5.7-7.4%. Other methyl-branched acids
      made up 4-10% of the saturated group, but were not detected in the unsaturated
      acids fraction. Two 18:1 fatty acids were identified (a delta 8 and a delta 9),
      which possibly have different anatomical origins. Similarly, two 18:2 fatty acids
      (linoleic and a 2,3-dimethyl derivative) were identified. A 2-methyl C17 acid,
      probably of bacterial origin, was detected.

PMID- 3360863
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of alpha
      amanitin and phalloidin in human plasma using the column-switching technique and
      its application in suspected cases of poisoning by the green species of amanita
      mushroom (Amanita phalloides).
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed
      for the simultaneous determination of alpha-amanitin and phalloidin in human
      plasma. The procedure is based on the enrichment of the toxins on a pre-column,
      followed by the transfer of both compounds in a foreflush mode to the analytical
      column. alpha-Amanitin and phalloidin can be quantified reliably down to a
      minimum concentration of 10 ng/ml in plasma (relative standard deviation less
      than 10%). An alternative method is recommended for hepatic coma patients.

PMID- 3360864
TI  - Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of tiaprofenic
      acid enantiomers in human plasma and urine.
AB  - A sensitive stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of
      tiaprofenic acid (TA) enantiomers in human plasma and urine was developed. The
      biological specimens are acidified, and the drug and internal standard, (+/-)-2
      (4-benzoylphenyl)butyric acid, extracted with an isooctane-isopropanol (95:5)
      mixture (plasma) or chloroform (urine), followed by sequential reaction of the
      enantiomers with trichloroethyl chloroformate and L-leucinamide. The reactions
      were complete at ambient temperature in less than 3 min. The diastereoisomers of
      TA and internal standard were then extracted into chloroform. The organic layer
      was evaporated, and the reconstituted residue chromatographed at ambient
      temperature on a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.06
      M monopotassium phosphate-acetonitrile-triethylamine (65:35:0.02) at a flow-rate
      of 1 ml/min. The TA diastereoisomers were detected at 310 nm, free of interfering
      peaks, with a resolution factor of 2.1. Within the examined plasma and urine
      enantiomeric concentration ranges of 0.2-20 and 10-100 mg/l, respectively, an
      excellent linear relationship was obtained between the peak-area ratios and the
      corresponding concentrations. The assay was reproducible and sufficiently
      accurate to be applied to the stereoselective pharmacokinetic analysis of TA
      enantiomers in plasma and urine following administration of therapeutic doses of
      the drug.

PMID- 3360865
TI  - Pre-column derivatization of sisomicin with o-phthalaldehyde-beta
      mercaptopropionic acid and its application to sensitive high-performance liquid
      chromatographic determination with fluorimetric detection.
AB  - The stability of the o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives of sisomicin obtained
      using beta-mercaptopropionic acid was investigated by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. One of the fluorescent derivatives of
      sisomicin was stable at least for 6 h in 50% methanol under the optimal
      conditions used (OPA concentration, pH and temperature). When plasma samples
      spiked with sisomicin were analysed, the response was linear in the calibration
      range 136-900 pg of sisomicin per injected volume (40 microliters). As little as
      0.06 micrograms of sisomicin per 1 ml of plasma could be detected with signal-to
      noise ratio greater than or equal to 2. For plasma samples spiked with 0.2
      micrograms/ml sisomicin, the recovery was 97.1 +/- 6.6% (mean +/- S.D., n = 5)
      with a within-run coefficient of variation of 6.8% and a day-to-day coefficient
      of variation of 7.2%. The method was also applied to plasma samples from rabbit
      after a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg sisomicin.

PMID- 3360866
TI  - Analysis of prednisolone acetate and related corticoids in swine plasma by
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3360867
TI  - Rapid quantification of apolipoprotein E enriched very-low-density lipoproteins
      by heparin-Sepharose chromatography.

PMID- 3360868
TI  - Quantification of urinary xanthurenic acid excretion by anion-exchange solid
      phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3360869
TI  - Determination of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and its metabolites in rat blood by capillary
      gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.

PMID- 3360870
TI  - Sensitive and automated gas chromatographic method for the determination of
      miconazol in plasma samples.

PMID- 3360871
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of a
      cyclandelate metabolite, mandelic acid, in human plasma.

PMID- 3360872
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of 5-aminosalicylic acid and its
      acetylated metabolite in biological fluids using electrochemical detection.

PMID- 3360873
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of terephthalamidine in
      plasma.

PMID- 3360874
TI  - Simplified high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of flosequinan
      and its metabolite in plasma, serum and urine.

PMID- 3360875
TI  - Optimized high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of
      cyclosporine and three of its metabolites in blood and urine.

PMID- 3360876
TI  - Thermospray-mass spectrometric analysis of underivatized monohydroxy fatty acids:
      application to stimulated platelets.
AB  - Monohydroxylated fatty acids prepared from polyunsaturated fatty acids of
      nutritional value were analysed by thermospray-mass spectrometry without prior
      chemical derivatization. Positive and negative ionization modes were compared.
      The highest sensitivity was observed with the negative ionization mode with
      detection limits of 10 pmol based on the 12-hydroxy derivative of eicosatrienoic
      acid (12-OH-8,10,14-20:3). This is comparable to that obtained by high
      performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 234 nm. Selected ion
      monitoring based on the fragment [M-H]- allowed a variety of standard monohydroxy
      fatty acids to be detected. This approach makes possible the analysis of various
      derivatives generated by thrombin-stimulated platelets (10(9) cells) pre-enriched
      with minor polyunsaturated fatty acids, even when these derivatives co-elute from
      the column (e.g., 12-HETE and 14-OH-22:6).

PMID- 3360878
TI  - Studies on steroids. CCXXXIII. Separation and characterization of bile acid
      disulphates in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The separation of disulphates of cholate, chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate and
      ursodeoxycholate and their glyco and tauro conjugates has been carried out by
      high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase column. The
      chromatographic behaviour of bile acid disulphates was dependent on the position
      of the sulphate and hydroxy groups and the structure of the side-chain. The
      method has been applied to the separation and characterization of disulphates in
      biological fluids without prior deconjugation. The disulphate fraction was
      obtained from a urine specimen by passing it through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge,
      followed by group separation by ion-exchange chromatography on a lipophilic gel,
      piperidinohydroxypropyl-Sephadex LH-20. Subsequent resolution into individual
      disulphates was attained by HPLC on Radial-Pak A and Cosmosil 5C18 columns.
      Taurochenodeoxycholate 3,7-disulphate and taurodeoxycholate 3,12-disulphate in
      human urine were unequivocally identified on the basis of their behavior in HPLC
      using mobile phases of different pH.

PMID- 3360877
TI  - Isolation of the major O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides obtained by
      alkaline borohydride degradation of human meconium glycoproteins.
AB  - Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides derived from human meconium glycoproteins by
      alkaline borohydride degradation have been separated by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a Micro-Pak anion-exchange column. In each class,
      oligosaccharides were purified by normal-phase (neutral and acidic
      oligosaccharides) and reversed-phase (neutral oligosaccharides) chromatography.
      Effective separations of neutral oligosaccharides and acidic oligosaccharides
      were achieved.

PMID- 3360879
TI  - Determination of benzoic acid and hippuric acid in human plasma and urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - For patients with inborn errors of urea synthesis, oral administration of sodium
      benzoate is the usual treatment to increase the nitrogen excretion. Thus,
      monitoring hippuric acid and benzoic acid simultaneously in human biological
      fluids is considered to be clinically important. We developed a simple and
      accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous
      determination of hippuric acid and benzoic acid in human plasma and urine. This
      method requires no extraction step. Aliquots of urine and plasma are added to a
      solution of internal standard (o-chlorobenzoic acid) in acetonitrile and directly
      injected onto a reversed-phase column using an acidic (pH 2.7) eluent and
      ultraviolet detection at 235 nm. The preliminary plasma concentration-time and
      urinary excretion rate-time profiles of hippuric acid and benzoic acid from a
      healthy subject receiving small, medium and large doses of sodium benzoate are
      reported.

PMID- 3360881
TI  - Comparison of the absolute calibration method with the method of standard
      addition for the determination of halothane in blood by gas chromatographic
      headspace analysis.
AB  - As long-term exposure to exhaled halothane can be a cause of hepatitis and/or
      damage to the liver, the determination of halothane in blood is important in
      clinical practice. Gas chromatographic headspace analysis appears to be the most
      successful method. In the present study, two methods of quantitative evaluation
      of the analysis were compared by statistical treatment and direct comparison. The
      absolute calibration method was found to be unsuitable since it yields entirely
      unreliable results. This is due to different contents of lipoid and other
      components in the blood of the normal population, and this influences the vapour
      phase concentration of halothane and results in different values for the slopes
      of calibration curves for different blood samples. The standard addition method
      gives reliable results.

PMID- 3360880
TI  - Determination of coenzyme Q10, alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol in biological
      samples by coupled-column liquid chromatography with coulometric and ultraviolet
      detection.
AB  - Coenzyme (Co) Q10, Co Q10H2, alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol were dissociated
      from lipoproteins in plasma by treatment with 1-propanol. The supernatant
      obtained was injected directly for determination of Co Q10 and Co Q10H2.
      Precolumn reduction with borohydride was used for determination of total Co Q10
      simultaneously with alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol. Total Co Q10 in freeze
      dried myocardial biopsies was determined after extraction with 1-propanol and
      oxidation of Co Q10H2 with ferric chloride. The chromatographic system comprised
      two reversed-phase columns and a three-electrode coulometric detector and a UV
      detector coupled in series. A pre-fractionation on the first column protected the
      coulometric detector from contamination and reduced the time for analysis by
      eliminating strongly retained solutes. The coulometric electrodes were operated
      in the oxidation-reduction-oxidation mode, and the last electrode was used for
      detection of alpha-tocopherol, Co Q10 and Co Q10H2, while cholesterol was
      detected by UV at 215 nm. The fast isolation procedure made it possible to
      determine the reduced and oxidized forms of Co Q10 in plasma. Quantitative
      recoveries were obtained for all the analytes studied and normal levels were
      determined with a coefficient of variation of 2-3%.

PMID- 3360882
TI  - Resolution of chiral barbiturates into enantiomers by reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography using methylated beta-cyclodextrins.
AB  - The correlation between the capacity factors of enantiomers of chiral
      barbiturates and the concentrations of beta-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,6-di-O
      methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin
      dissolved in the mobile phase was studied using LiChrosorb RP-18 as the
      stationary phase. Owing to the very strong adsorption of permethylated beta
      cyclodextrin on the ODS surface a chiral stationary phase is generated
      dynamically and forms complexes with the solutes; this mechanism has been found
      to be the only factor responsible for the chiral recognition of the investigated
      compounds at all applied concentrations. The inclusion of barbiturates in the
      cavities of permethylated beta-cyclodextrin involves a distinct and entirely new
      kind of enantioselectivity compared with that observed for beta-cyclodextrin and
      its dimethyl derivative. Using permethylated beta-cyclodextrin baseline
      resolutions have been obtained with barbiturates containing a chiral centre in
      the heterocyclic ring or in the aliphatic side-chain.

PMID- 3360883
TI  - Gas chromatographic retention indices of sulfur vesicants and related compounds.
AB  - Temperature-programmed retention indices, relative to a n-alkane homologous
      series, were determined for 37 sulfur vesicant or vesicant-related compounds
      using DB-1, DB-5 and DB-1701 fused-silica capillary columns. Many of the
      compounds, including long chain dichloro, vinylchloro, vinylalcohol and
      macrocyclic compounds have either not been previously identified or have not been
      associated with sulfur vesicant analysis. Reproducibility of the retention
      indices, based on Van den Dool's equation, was excellent over the course of the
      study. In addition, changes in retention index (delta RI), which may enable the
      prediction of uncharacterized homologue chromatographic behaviour, were
      calculated for several homologous series.

PMID- 3360884
TI  - Rapid and simple dansylation of phenolic steroids using a two-phase system and
      phase transfer catalysis.
AB  - Dansylation of phenolic steroids was carried out in chloroform-water and hexane
      water two-phase systems with a tetrabutylammonium salt as phase transfer
      catalyst. Derivatization was complete within a few minutes on shaking at room
      temperature. Direct injection of part of the organic phase into a normal-phase
      liquid chromatography system was possible. The calibration graph of ethinyl
      estradiol, dansylated in a chloroform-water two-phase system, was linear over
      three orders of magnitude with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 (n = 8). The
      detection limit of dansylated ethinyl estradiol was 100 pg (signal-to-noise ratio
      = 2). The reproducibility of the derivatization at an analyte concentration of
      200 ng/ml in chloroform was 4.1% (relative standard deviation; n = 5). A
      mechanism is proposed for the phase transfer catalysed dansylation of phenolic
      compounds.

PMID- 3360885
TI  - Automated solid-phase catalyzed pre-column derivatization of fatty acids for
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with fluorescence
      detection.
AB  - A method is described to automate the solid phase catalyzed reaction of a
      carbonyl group with labels containing a bromomethyl group. The acids to be
      determined must be soluble in an aprotic, non-aqueous reaction medium, such as
      acetonitrile. Special emphasis is placed on the solubility of the base, which
      serves as a catalyst. A suspension of potassium carbonate was prepared in
      acetonitrile. In this way, the effective surface area of the base is drastically
      enlarged resulting in faster reaction kinetics. The procedure is illustrated with
      the detection of fatty acids in serum and rat brain tissue with
      bromomethylmethoxycoumarin as label. The generality of our approach for HPLC
      determination of carbonyl compounds is discussed.

PMID- 3360886
TI  - Separation of eight alkaloids and meconic acid and quantitation of five principal
      alkaloids in gum opium by gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - The separation of the five principal alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine,
      noscapine and papaverine), three minor alkaloids (laudanosine, cryptopine and
      narceine), meconic acid and some unidentified constituents in gum opium samples
      has been achieved on a reversed-phase phenyl column by gradient high-performance
      liquid chromatography using a simple and inexpensive mobile phase system. The
      linear gradient programme was started at 5% and ended at 70% methanol in
      triethylammonium phosphate buffer in 20 min. The five principal alkaloids were
      also determined with good precision. The method requires minimum sample
      preparation and is suitable for routine analysis.

PMID- 3360887
TI  - Quantification of plasmalogen, alkylacyl and diacyl glycerophospholipids by micro
      thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - A method for the determination of plasmalogen, alkylacyl and diacyl
      glycerophospholipids based on mild alkaline deacylation and acid hydrolysis of
      plasmalogens on plates with subsequent micro-thin-layer chromatography on silica
      gel is presented. It is effective in quantifying alkyl and alkenyl analogues of
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine at concentrations up to 0.1% (of
      the total of the forms in individual classes of phospholipids.

PMID- 3360888
TI  - Amino acid analysis. III. Nuances of integration.

PMID- 3360889
TI  - Direct liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers on immobilized protein
      stationary phases. VI. Optical resolution of a series of racemic barbiturates:
      studies of substituent and mobile phase effects.

PMID- 3360890
TI  - Analysis of hydrocarbons in aquatic sediments. II. Evaluation of common
      preparative procedures for petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

PMID- 3360891
TI  - Separation of complex lipids of cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with mass detection.

PMID- 3360892
TI  - Separation of acidic and neutral glycolipids by diphasic thin-layer
      chromatography.

PMID- 3360893
TI  - The determination of benzo[a]pyrene in the total particulate matter of cigarette
      smoke.
AB  - A procedure for the isolation and determination of benzo[a]pyrene in the total
      particulate matter of cigarette smoke is described. Two high-pressure liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) techniques are employed: a normal-phase, mu Bondapak-NH2,
      amino column is used for isolation of the benzo[a]pyrene fraction and a reversed
      phase, Vydac 201TP54, polymeric octadecyl silane column is used for quantitation.
      Fluorescence detection is used in both modes of chromatography. The wavelengths
      of excitation and emission are evaluated for analytical detection. Extraction
      media and various isolation techniques are compared for their extraction
      efficiency and isolation from interferences, respectively. The procedure is
      efficient, reproducible, sensitive (3 pg), and gives results that compare
      favorably with other techniques reported in the literature for the B[a]P content
      of reference cigarettes, 1R1 and 1R4F.

PMID- 3360894
TI  - Dose-response relationship between thyroid hormone and growth velocity in
      cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - To investigate the dose-response relationship between thyroid hormone and linear
      growth, we studied 10 castrated prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Hypothyroidism
      was induced by administration of methimazole (0.0125% in drinking water) and was
      confirmed by high serum TSH levels (greater than 40 mU/L) in all animals.
      Subsequently, each animal received 1, 2, 4, or 8 micrograms/kg.day T4, im, for 9
      weeks. The sequence of T4 doses was random, and 6 weeks elapsed between
      successive T4 doses. Serum T4, T3, TSH, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
      levels and lower leg length were measured every 3 weeks. Methimazole
      administration decreased thyroid hormone and IGF-I levels and lower leg growth
      rate. With increasing doses of exogenous T4, serum T4, T3, and IGF-I as well as
      lower leg growth rate increased significantly. Animals not given T4 had a 65%
      decrease in lower leg growth rate (P less than 0.01). Animals given 4 and 8
      micrograms/kg.day T4 had 56% and 73% increases, respectively, in lower leg growth
      rate compared to baseline (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively).
      Lower leg growth rate correlated better with serum T3 (r = 0.50; P less than
      0.001) than with serum T4 (r = 0.29; P less than 0.05). Lower leg growth rate
      also correlated with serum IGF-I levels (r = 0.53; P less than 0.001). Serum IGF
      I correlated with serum T3 (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001), but not with serum T4.
      We conclude that increased serum T4 and T3 levels cause progressive increases in
      growth velocity and IGF-I levels over a range from moderate hypothyroidism to
      moderate hyperthyroidism. Growth velocity and IGF-I levels correlated more
      strongly with the serum T3 than with the serum T4 level.

PMID- 3360895
TI  - Free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II in human saliva.
AB  - We found that human saliva contains both insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and
      IGF-II but no significant binding proteins, and that salivary IGF-I levels
      correlated with plasma GH levels. Mixed saliva had globular proteins precipitated
      by freezing/thawing. After centrifugation the clear supernatant was used directly
      in the IGF-I RIA (Van Wyk and Underwood antibody) and in a human placental
      membrane RRA for IGF-II. The lower limits of detection for IGF-I and IGF-II were
      0.7 ng/mL (micrograms/L) and 1.2 ng/mL (micrograms/L), respectively. Iodinated
      IGF added to saliva was not degraded, as assessed by trichloroacetic acid
      precipitability and placental membrane binding. In saliva from 14 normal
      subjects, IGF-I was measurable in all. IGF-II was detectable only in 8 of 14
      subjects; the mean value in these 8 subjects was 2.6 +/- 0.6 (+/- SE) ng/mL
      (micrograms/L). The mol wt of salivary IGF was similar to that of free plasma IGF
      after acid or neutral pH gel chromatography. Human saliva contained no
      significant IGF-binding protein. Eluates from neutral gel chromatography of
      concentrated (20-fold) normal saliva did not inhibit IGF-II binding to placental
      membrane receptors. Eluted proteins from saliva samples subjected to prior acid
      gel chromatography failed to bind radiolabeled IGF after neutralization. Saliva
      samples assayed for binding protein using an amniotic fluid binding protein RIA
      had values at or below the lower limit of detection [less than 0.06 micrograms
      eq/mL (mgeq/L)]. Salivary IGF-I concentrations did not change with increasing
      salivary flow rates above normal, with time of day, or with storage at room
      temperature for up to 24 h before freezing. The mean IGF-I concentration in mixed
      saliva from 14 normal young adults (8 men) was 2.3 +/- 0.3 (+/- SE) ng/mL
      (micrograms/L), and their mean plasma IGF-I level was 315 +/- 27 ng/mL
      (micrograms/L). Mean salivary IGF-I was significantly lower in 15 patients with
      GH deficiency [1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/mL (micrograms/L); P less than 0.01] and 8-fold
      higher in 5 acromegalic patients [17.2 +/- 6.3 ng/mL (micrograms/L); P less
      0.01]. Removal of their GH adenomas led to a fall in salivary IGF-I to 5.6 +/-
      1.3 ng/mL (micrograms/L); P less than 0.05). In summary, saliva contains free
      IGFs but no significant quantities of specific binding proteins. Salivary IGF-I
      levels reflect the GH status of the donor.

PMID- 3360896
TI  - Down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor by dexamethasone in cultured human
      skin fibroblasts: implications for the regulation of aromatase activity.
AB  - Human genital skin fibroblasts grown in cell culture contain aromatase activity
      and glucocorticoid receptors, providing a model for studying the relationship
      between changes in levels of dexamethasone (DEX) receptor binding and changes in
      the response of aromatase to DEX. Incubation of cells with media containing DEX
      produced a time-dependent decline in receptor number, with a nadir at 18-24 h.
      When DEX was removed from the media, only 40-60% of the lost receptor content was
      recovered. Binding of DEX to its receptor declined in a dose-dependent fashion
      after 24-h exposure to this glucocorticoid; the concentration of DEX that
      produced a half-maximal decline (2.2 nmol/L) was in the same range as the Kd for
      the receptor-DEX complex (14 nmol/L). Incubation of cells with DEX for 20 h also
      reduced the level of DEX receptor binding in purified nuclei and nuclear matrix
      by 76% and 89%, respectively. When subcellular fractions were prepared after
      incubation of cells with DEX for 1-24 h, whole cell, cytosolic and nuclear DEX
      receptor binding declined in parallel with time. Incubation of skin fibroblasts
      with DEX resulted in progressive stimulation of aromatase activity, with a peak
      at 24 h followed by a return to baseline at 72 h. The initial stimulation of
      aromatase was mediated by DEX receptors. However, the decline in aromatase
      activity after prolonged DEX exposure did not appear to be due to a decline in
      the level of DEX receptor binding. The data supporting this last conclusion
      included the following. When cells were washed free of DEX after 48 h, DEX
      receptor binding recovered within 24 h, whereas aromatase activity could not be
      maximally restimulated until 36 h; when cells were incubated with media
      containing DEX and cycloheximide for 1-48 h, DEX receptor binding declined to a
      nadir by 24 h, whereas aromatase activity rose continuously up to 48 h. These
      findings are consistent with the concept that the aromatase gene in skin
      fibroblasts is subject to both positive and negative regulation.

PMID- 3360897
TI  - Peritoneal macrophages from patients with endometriosis release growth factor
      activity in vitro.
AB  - We studied the in vitro secretion of macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF)
      activity by peritoneal macrophages from fertile and infertile women. Peritoneal
      fluid was obtained from 55 women undergoing laparoscopy for evaluation and
      treatment of infertility or for tubal sterilization. Isolated macrophages were
      plated in tissue culture wells and incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's
      Medium plus 0.2% lactalbumin hydrolyzate at 37 C for 24 h. Medium MDGF activity
      was assayed by determining the ability of medium to stimulate [3H] thymidine
      incorporation in BALB-c 3T3 fibroblasts. Macrophages from 23 women released
      significant MDGF activity in vitro; the release was linear for up to 72 h. Among
      the 55 women, macrophages from 10 of 36 (28%) women with normal pelvic anatomy or
      tubal occlusion/pelvic adhesions released significant MDGF activity. In contrast,
      macrophages from 13 of 19 (68%) women with endometriosis, a significantly higher
      proportion (P less than 0.02), released MDGF. The finding that endometriosis is
      associated with in vivo primed peritoneal macrophages that produce MDGF in vitro
      may help to explain the proliferation or maintenance of endometrial tissue in the
      peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 3360899
TI  - Natural killer cell activity and serum autoantibodies in women with postpartum
      thyroiditis.
AB  - Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is a form of painless lymphocytic thyroiditis which
      is thought to be caused by an exacerbation of underlying subclinical autoimmune
      thyroid disease during a postpartum period of immune rebound. The purposes of
      this study were to analyze natural killer cell (NK) functional activity and
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells in patients with PPT compared to those in normal nonpostpartum
      and postpartum women. NK activity and ADCC were determined by specific lysis of
      51Cr-labeled K562 human erythroleukemia tumor cells at varying effector
      (mononuclear cell) to target cell ratios. Nineteen PPT patients between 4-9
      months [mean, 6.5 +/- 0.4 (+/- SE)] postpartum were compared to 20 nonpostpartum
      women, 31 healthy women between 4-9 months (6.7 +/- 0.3) postpartum, and 14 women
      2 days after delivery. There were significant differences in the NK functional
      activities of the 4 groups (F = 7.95; P = 0.0002). The mean NK activities, as
      measured by percent specific lysis at an effector to target cell ratio of 10:1,
      were 31.1 +/- 3.3%, 20.9 +/- 2.3%, 22.5 +/- 2.8%, and 11.5 +/- 2.0% in the
      nonpostpartum, PPT, postpartum, and 2-day postpartum groups, respectively.
      Specific lysis by ADCC was not significantly different from lysis by NK activity
      in any group. The PPT, postpartum, and 2-day postpartum groups had significantly
      lower NK activity compared to that in nonpostpartum women (P less than 0.05).
      Both the PPT and postpartum women had higher NK activities than the 2-day
      postpartum women (P less than 0.05). However, there were no significant
      differences in the NK activities of the PPT patients compared to those of the
      healthy postpartum women. Patients with PPT were also found to have associated
      autoimmune dysfunction. The PPT group had significantly higher serum antinuclear
      antibody titers; 8 of 24 patients (33%) had titers of 1:160 or greater compared
      to only 2 of 29 healthy postpartum women (7.4%; P less than 0.05). Seven of the
      PPT patients had serum immune complexes, and 3 had TSH receptor antibodies. We
      conclude that functional NK activity and ADCC in peripheral lymphocytes of PPT
      patients are not different from those in healthy postpartum women; however, the
      postpartum women had significantly decreased activity compared to that in
      nonpostpartum women. These data emphasize the importance of studying healthy
      postpartum women in investigations of PPT, since the immunological changes in
      pregnancy and the postpartum period remain largely undefined.

PMID- 3360898
TI  - Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for the treatment of Cushing's disease: results
      in 64 patients and long term follow-up studies.
AB  - Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery was performed in 64 patients with Cushing's
      disease in search of a corticotroph adenoma. In 4 patients, profuse local
      bleeding prevented completion of the exploration. Of the 60 patients who had an
      adequate exploration, 4 could not be followed after surgery. Short term
      assessment of the surgical outcome (3-6 months postoperatively) was performed on
      60 patients, including the 4 who had incomplete pituitary exploration. Forty-two
      patients (70%) were judged as immediate successes [urinary cortisol excretion,
      less than 90 micrograms (less than 248 nmol)/day]; the mean urinary cortisol
      excretion and plasma ACTH level fell from 463 +/- 70 (+/- SE) to 26.7 +/- 3.6
      micrograms/day (1277 +/- 193 to 74 +/- 10 nmol/day; n = 33) and from 111 +/- 33
      to 36 +/- 14 pg/mL (24 +/- 7 to 8 +/- 3 pmol/L; n = 23) in patients who had both
      measurements pre- and postoperatively. Eighteen patients (30%) were judged as
      immediate failures; neither urinary cortisol excretion nor plasma ACTH levels
      changed significantly in patients who had both measurements pre- and
      postoperatively. The preoperative epidemiological, clinical, hormonal, and
      radiological characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Histological
      examination of pituitary fragments removed in 58 of the 60 patients evaluated
      postoperatively revealed the presence of tumoral tissue in a higher percentage of
      patients in the immediate success group (72%) than in the immediate failure group
      (24%; P less than 0.01). The 42 patients in the immediate success group were
      followed from 6 months to 7 yr (median, 2 yr); 6 patients had recurrences from 2
      3 yr after operation. Actuarial analysis indicates that the probability of a
      patient remaining well 6 yr after surgery is 72 +/- 20% (95% confidence limit).
      Most of the patients in the immediate success group had transient ACTH deficiency
      preceding a progressive return to normal pituitary-adrenal function.

PMID- 3360900
TI  - Hormone and bone mineral status in endurance-trained and sedentary postmenopausal
      women.
AB  - Serum hormone levels and bone mineral status were studied in 18 sedentary and 15
      endurance-trained postmenopausal women (mean age, 62 yr). The endurance-trained
      women had lower body weight, lower body fat, and higher aerobic capacity than the
      sedentary women (P less than 0.05). There were no differences in current calcium
      intake between the 2 groups, as assessed by a 7-day food record, but carbohydrate
      intake (grams per kg BW) was higher in the endurance-trained women (P less than
      0.001). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L1-L3), proximal femur, and
      radius did not differ between the 2 groups; however, when normalized for body
      weight, the BMDs of the spine and radius were higher in the endurance-trained
      than in the sedentary women. Serum estrone and PTH levels were lower, and 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D and somatomedin-C levels were higher in the endurance-trained
      than in the sedentary women. Serum GH tended to be higher in the endurance
      trained than in the sedentary women (P = 0.08), and there was a postexercise
      increase in serum GH in the endurance-trained, but not in the sedentary, women (P
      less than 0.01). The major effect of habitual exercise was on body weight and
      hormone status. Although leanness and low serum estrone levels are risk factors
      for osteoporosis, these were not associated with lower BMD in endurance-trained
      women. Endurance-trained women may have improved calcium absorption as a result
      of higher carbohydrate intake and higher serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels.

PMID- 3360901
TI  - Ketoconazole-induced reduction in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and total serum
      calcium in hypercalcemic patients.
AB  - Administration of the antifungal drug ketoconazole reduces serum 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) levels in normal subjects. To determine whether a
      similar effect occurs in hypercalcemic patients, ketoconazole (200 mg every 8 h
      for 7 days) was given to nine patients with confirmed primary
      hyperparathyroidism, three patients with probable primary hyperparathyroidism who
      were awaiting surgery, and three patients with mild hypercalcemia of uncertain
      etiology who were being followed. Ketoconazole administration led to a
      significant reduction in mean serum 1,25-D levels in the hypercalcemic patients
      [basal, 64 +/- 7 (+/- SEM) pg/mL (154 +/- 17 pmol/L) vs. 36 +/- 5 pg/mL (86 +/-
      12 pmol/L) after ketoconazole; P less than 0.001]. Serum total calcium fell
      slightly but significantly [basal, 11.05 +/- 0.17 mg/dL (2.76 +/- 0.04 mmol/L)
      vs. 10.77 +/- 0.16 (2.69 +/- 0.04 mmol/L) after ketoconazole; P less than 0.02],
      but the falls in total serum calcium and serum 1,25-D after ketoconazole
      treatment were not correlated with one another. Ketoconazole administration did
      not alter serum ionized calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, phosphate, alkaline
      phosphatase, or PTH concentrations or urinary cAMP excretion. The responses to
      ketoconazole were similar in all three patient subgroups. We conclude that short
      term administration of ketoconazole to hypercalcemic patients causes a
      substantial fall in serum 1,25-D and a small fall in total serum calcium. These
      effects render ketoconazole a potentially useful agent for investigation of the
      importance of 1,25-D in patients with hypercalcemic disorders and for their
      treatment.

PMID- 3360902
TI  - Affinity purification of orbital membrane antigens for the study of the
      pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
AB  - We characterized 22 human monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) reactive with human
      orbital antigens. Most of these monoclonal antibodies had variable degrees of
      reactivity with eye muscle, orbital connective tissue, thyroid, and extra-thyroid
      tissue preparations when tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
      Eight of the MCABs, selected on the basis of their reactivity with human eye
      muscle or orbital connective tissue antigens, were used to affinity purify
      orbital membrane antigens. All purified fractions were tested in the ELISA for
      reactivity with the MCAB used for their purification. Four of the purified
      antigens with a high reactivity were not proteins. To increase the specificity of
      the reactivity of serum autoantibodies with affinity-purified antigens, we
      developed a competitive binding ELISA in which the MCAB-immunoglobulin was
      directly labeled with alkaline phosphatase. We tested the serum of 24 patients
      with Graves' ophthalmopathy, 10 patients with a history of Graves'
      hyperthyroidism and no eye disease, 14 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      without eye disease, 8 patients with other nonautoimmune thyroid disorders, and
      20 normal subjects for reactivity with an affinity-purified nonprotein orbital
      antigen. The levels of serum autoantibodies against this antigen in patients with
      Graves' ophthalmopathy were significantly higher than those in normal subjects or
      patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism with no eye disease. Although unlikely to
      be of primary pathogenetic significance, it is possible that levels of this
      antibody in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy may reflect the extent of
      orbital inflammation and, therefore, be useful as a clinical marker.

PMID- 3360904
TI  - [A study on causative factors of newborn intraventricular hemorrhages. An
      ultrastructural investigation on changes in the subependymal layer of the rat
      fetus].

PMID- 3360903
TI  - Autonomous growth, but not autonomous function, in embryonic human thyroids: a
      clue to understanding autonomous goiter growth?
AB  - Thyroid glands from six 8- to 10-week-old fetuses obtained at the time of legal
      abortion were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and transplanted into nude nu/nu
      mice. Histological and autoradiographic studies of the grafts labeled with
      [3H]thymidine and [125I]iodine showed proliferation and functional
      differentiation of the fetal thyroid tissue. Despite T4-mediated suppression of
      host TSH secretion, up to 36% of the follicular cell nuclei incorporated the
      thymidine label, reflecting autonomous proliferation, while iodine organification
      was almost entirely obliterated. Methimazole-induced TSH hypersecretion readily
      stimulated both growth and function of the transplanted tissue. Thus, during
      early development, the human thyroid largely depends on TSH for function, but not
      for growth. Similar findings were obtained in newborn mice, in whom 58% of the
      thyroid follicular cells proliferated autonomously, i.e. in the absence of TSH.
      The number of autonomously proliferating cells gradually declined with increasing
      age to about 1% in 60-day-old animals and, as reported previously, in
      xenotransplanted normal human thyroid tissue, whereas the number of autonomously
      proliferating cells was previously found to be several times higher in
      xenotransplanted human multinodular goiters. We, therefore, hypothesize that the
      rapidly and autonomously replicating cells that initiate nodule formation in
      human multinodular goiters reflect the persistence in the adult gland of cells
      with fetal growth potential.

PMID- 3360905
TI  - [Studies on crying in neonates].

PMID- 3360906
TI  - [A study on the correlation between cerebral infarction and protein C].

PMID- 3360907
TI  - [A roentgenological study of progressive systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 3360908
TI  - [Relationship of leukotriene C4 and ischemic brain edema in stroke-resistant
      spontaneously hypertensive rats].

PMID- 3360909
TI  - [Recent topics on platelet-activating-factor (PAF)].

PMID- 3360910
TI  - Regulated competition: the time has arrived.

PMID- 3360911
TI  - Health planning in Singapore: limits to privatization.

PMID- 3360912
TI  - Education and research in community health in Canada.

PMID- 3360914
TI  - The combined employee health risk--occupational hazard appraisal: the New York
      City experience.

PMID- 3360913
TI  - Public action and awareness to reduce alcohol-related problems: a plan of action.

PMID- 3360915
TI  - How important is medical care in a national health program?

PMID- 3360916
TI  - Effect of remuneration on fee-for-service dental practice in a third-party
      payment program.

PMID- 3360917
TI  - A management partnership for the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 3360918
TI  - Technical fixes and other problems in saving lives in the world's poorest
      countries.

PMID- 3360919
TI  - Quantitation of human chorionic gonadotrophin by the planimetry of latex
      agglutination-inhibition results on microtiter plates.
AB  - A new type of heavy latex particle (LP) coated with the conjugates of human
      chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as
      indicator for the microtiter agglutination-inhibition assay of hCG using a
      monoclonal antibody (McAb) to hCG. The precipitation patterns of LP were measured
      by an automatic planimetry system. The detection limit of this method was 4 to 8
      IU/l. Human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
      caused hardly any cross-reaction in the presence of 3,350 IU/l and 1,500 IU/l,
      respectively. This planimetric immunoassay (PMIA) method provides a potentially
      useful method for hormone assay.

PMID- 3360920
TI  - Development of an immunoassay for glypressin, an N-terminal extended vasopressin
      analogue.
AB  - The development and evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for N alpha-tri-glycyl
      lysine8-vasopressin is described. The site of hapten conjugation of the immunogen
      has been controlled and the use of various radiolabelled tracers has been
      evaluated with special reference to the site of iodination. The most extensively
      studied antiserum showed specificity for the N-terminal triglycyl-extension as
      well as for several amino acid residues of the vasopressin ring. It crossreacted
      27%, 28%, and 0.3% with Lys8-vasopressin, arg8-vasopressin and oxytocin
      respectively, and it was used to quantify triglycyl-lysine8-vasopressin in human
      plasma after SepPak C18 extraction. The sensitivity of the assay was 5 pg/tube
      with an intra-assay CV of 5-6% at 17 and 70 pg/tube. The identity of the
      immunoreactivity was studied by reversed phase chromatography.

PMID- 3360921
TI  - Quantitative ELISA for human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5.
AB  - Four monoclonal antibodies (Mab) derived from mice immunized with lactate
      dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5) react strongly with LDH5, but weakly with LDH2 which
      contains a single subunit of type M. Experimental evidence suggest that these
      antibodies are directed to an antigenic determinant in the interface between two
      subunits of type M. A sandwich ELISA procedure was devised, using these Mabs to
      identify and quantify LDH5. The procedure involves immobilization of one of these
      Mabs by its adsorption onto polyclonal anti-mouse IgG coated polystyrene plates,
      adsorption of LDH5, its identification by the same Mab as that used in the
      immobilization step, and finally color development by an enzyme labeled rabbit
      anti-mouse IgG antiserum. The method enables LDH5 to be assayed at a
      concentration range of 0-5 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3360922
TI  - Body image distortion in anorexics as a non-sensory phenomenon: a signal
      detection approach.
AB  - Body image in anorexic and normal weight female subjects was investigated with a
      video TV monitor. Eighteen subjects were presented with a task in which they
      manipulated their body size to obtain "ideal" and actual images and a task
      wherein they judged the accuracy of a projected image of their body. There were
      no differences in estimated actual body size between anorexics and control
      subjects. For both groups, ideal images were below their actual image. For the
      second task, a signal detection analysis revealed no sensory sensitivity
      differences between weight groups. Anorexic subjects were more likely to report
      an image of themselves as distorted, regardless of whether distortion was
      present. Both weight groups adopted a strict criterion when they were viewing a
      heavy image of themselves. The finding that body estimation difference between
      anorexics and controls is non-sensory are discussed, and ramifications for
      treatment of anorexia are described.

PMID- 3360923
TI  - Response specificity revisited: stress and health status.
AB  - Numerous authors have obtained significant, but low correlations between life
      events and specific health status measures. Even with the inclusion of moderating
      variables, such as coping, the relationship between life stress and health status
      measures has rarely exceeded .50. It has been argued that failure to enhance the
      correlation has occurred because response specificity has not been controlled. A
      representative community sample of 184 adults from London, Ontario, was surveyed
      with respect to life stress variables, stress-response specificity, and various
      illness behaviors. First-order factor analysis of the stress-response specificity
      measure indicated an emotional/psychological response factor, an eating response
      factor, a drug/alcohol response factor, and several physical response factors.
      Second-order factor analysis indicated a psychological response and a physical
      response factor. Each of the illness behaviors was regressed, in a stepwise
      procedure, upon the life stress measures and related first- and second-order
      stress-response specificity factors. As predicted, significant relationships were
      found between the related stress-response specificity and illness behavior
      measures. These results support the importance of stress-response specificity as
      a moderator variable in investigations of the relationship between life stress
      and illness behavior.

PMID- 3360924
TI  - Subjective ratings of the characteristics and sequelae of good and poor sleep in
      normals.
AB  - Forty normal subjects completed a general screening inventory and two post-sleep
      questionnaires (PSQs). One PSQ was self-administered after a good night of sleep
      and one after a poor night of sleep. Responses to a subset of items from both
      nights were factor-analyzed. Varimax rotation yielded four factors that were
      interpreted as (a) Dysphoria (b) Cognitive Inefficiency and Sleepiness (c) Motor
      Impairment and (d) Social Discomfort. Night-to-night comparisons of subjects'
      estimates of sleep parameters reveal that poor sleep is associated with longer
      sleep latency, a greater number of awakenings, less total sleep time, and more
      difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep than good sleep. Mean scores for each
      generated factor of the PSQ also differed significantly between nights,
      suggesting that a greater degree of disturbance is associated with poor sleep.
      The implications of these data as well as the reliability of subjective ratings
      of sleep quality and post-sleep experiences are discussed.

PMID- 3360926
TI  - Changes in MMPI factor scores: norms for the Welsh A and R dimensions from a
      contemporary normal sample.
AB  - Welsh developed scales A (anxiety/maladjustment) and R (repression/control) as
      measures of two of the underlying dimensions of the MMPI. They are among the most
      frequently used of the supplemental scales for the MMPI. However, there have been
      significant changes in MMPI response patterns when profiles from contemporary
      normal people are compared with the original Minnesota normal sample from which
      the original MMPI norms were derived more than 40 years ago. Comparable changes
      are also apparent on scales A and R. New norms based on a large sample (N =
      1,408) of contemporary normal people are presented for clinicians and researchers
      who use scales A and R.

PMID- 3360925
TI  - Affects, demographic variables, and health.
AB  - The revised Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL-R) was given to a
      national probability sample that consisted of 1,543 adults who also were
      interviewed, which provided demographic data and self-ratings of health,
      medication use, and social activities. Standardization procedures have reduced
      markedly the acquiescence factor and the correlations among the dysphoric affect
      scales in the MAACL-R. The demographic variables of sex, race, age, education,
      occupation, income, marital status, religion, geographical area of residence, and
      size of town or city were related to some of the scales. Positive affect was
      related directly to self-ratings of health; dysphoric affect was related
      negatively to these ratings. Frequencies of volunteer activities and social
      activities in general correlated negatively with depression and positively with
      positive affect scales.

PMID- 3360927
TI  - MMPI item subtlety: another look.
AB  - This study examined the item subtlety-face validity issue by comparing MMPI
      Depression scale items rated in terms of psychopathology-in-general vs. specific
      depression criteria. The study also evaluated the influence of number of
      definitional descriptors and the meaning attributed to the neutral rating.
      Results showed substantial correlations among ratings obtained by different
      procedures, but many differences in subtle-neutral-obvious classifications.
      Number of descriptors did not effect ratings, although these results might not be
      found for less familiar constructs. Most raters took "neutral" to mean unrelated.
      These findings suggest that the inconsistencies in this research area are related
      to definitional problems and methodological ambiguities.

PMID- 3360928
TI  - The relative efficacy of F-K and the obvious and subtle scales to detect
      overreporting of psychopathology on the MMPI.
AB  - The obvious and subtle scales are discussed as a means of identifying clients who
      are trying to overreport or underreport psychopathology. Clients who overreported
      psychopathology within 2-7/7-2 and 7-8/8-7 high-point pairs were seen for
      significantly fewer sessions of psychotherapy. Potential correlates of
      overreporting and underreporting psychopathology need to be studied within other
      high-point pairs and in other settings.

PMID- 3360929
TI  - The effects of role-playing high gender identification on the California
      Psychological Inventory.
AB  - This study of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) demonstrates that
      subjects can alter significantly their CPI profiles through role-playing high
      gender identification, i.e., males attempt to appear more masculine and women
      attempt to appear more feminine. The majority of these subjects did so without
      being detected by the validity scales designed to detect faking good or bad.
      Thirty-two volunteers, 16 male and 16 female, participated as subjects. A 2 X 2
      ANOVA (subject gender by instructions to role-play vs. standard instructions)
      design was used. A significant main effect (p less than .01) for instructions was
      found on 14 of 18 scales and a significant interaction effect (p less than .01)
      on 4 of 18 scales. The profiles from the role-playing subjects indicate that the
      stereotypes of both genders, as seen by these subjects, are maladaptive.
      Implications for practical application of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3360931
TI  - Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) findings among breast clinic patients
      after initial evaluation and at 4- or 8-month follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients who subsequently underwent benign biopsy and 41 patients
      diagnosed to have breast cancer completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial
      Inventory (MCMI) after initial examination in a breast problem clinic and again
      after 4 months or, for CA patients who were completing a course of chemo/radio
      therapy, after 8 months. At initial testing, the trend toward fewer moderate
      severe disorders among the benign biopsy (BB) group did not reach statistical
      significance. However, at follow-up, the difference was significant; the BB group
      showed fewer moderate-severe disorders (7.5%) than the cancer (CA) group (29%).
      Concordance of two-point peak elevations on scales 1-8, S, C, and P was examined.
      For the BB group, 56% had the same two high points on both testings, compared to
      only 27% of the CA group. Test-retest correlations on personality scales were
      generally lower for the CA group than for the BB group. We concluded that (1)
      approximately 30% of breast CA patients showed a disruption of psychological
      adjustment clearly severe enough to merit consideration of a mental health
      referral; (2) despite the frequency of significant distress, major affective and
      thought disorders were infrequent among this group; (3) distress associated with
      breast CA may interfere with the reliable assessment of long-standing personality
      traits.

PMID- 3360930
TI  - The relationship between the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the MMPI in
      a private outpatient mental health clinic population.
AB  - The concurrent validity of the MCMI as compared to the MMPI was assessed by
      administering both tests to 106 newly admitted outpatients and calculating the
      intercorrelations between these two tests. Of the 20 MCMI scales, 12 were found
      to correlate with the MMPI in a manner that suggested that they do measure some
      degree of personality dysfunction, emotional disturbance, or specific
      psychological symptomatology. Eight of the MCMI scales failed to show
      correlations that would indicate that they effectively measure any of the
      pathological personality characteristics or clinically significant symptom
      patterns known to be measured by the MMPI.

PMID- 3360932
TI  - Clinical applications of the MCMI: the 1-2-3-8 codetype.
AB  - The MCMI profiles of 131 psychiatric inpatients were examined to identify 1-2-3-8
      codetypes on the basic personality scales, which reflect a schizoid, avoidant,
      dependent, and passive-aggressive blend of personality traits. Approximately 25%
      of the inpatient sample obtained the 1-2-3-8 codetype. Analyses of the diagnoses
      and clinical records of these patients suggest that this profile reflects an
      affect/mood disturbance with prominent depressive features and suicidal
      ideation/attempt prior to admission. This investigation serves mainly as a
      stimulus for research questions that should be addressed in order to increase the
      range of clinical applications of the MCMI and the body of empirical literature
      that can support the utility of this assessment device.

PMID- 3360933
TI  - Concordance of the MCMI and the MMPI in the diagnosis of three DSM-III Axis I
      disorders.
AB  - This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of the three clinical syndrome scales
      of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory for a representative psychiatric
      inpatient population (N = 103). These scales were designed to identify the
      following DSM-III Axis I disorders: Schizophrenia, major depression, and paranoid
      disorders. True-positive identification rate was found to be lower than that
      reported by Millon (1983) for psychotic disorders, despite (in the case of
      schizophrenia) high prevalence in the sample. A comparison with the MMPI revealed
      the latter to be more accurate than the MCMI in the identification of
      schizophrenia and major depression and less accurate in the identification of
      paranoid disorders. While the MCMI did identify successfully .50 of the paranoid
      disorders in the sample, the prevalence of these disorders was very low (.02).
      These findings argue strongly against the use of the MCMI as an alternative to
      the MMPI in inpatient psychiatric settings.

PMID- 3360934
TI  - Factor structure of the Heiby Self-Reinforcement Questionnaire.
AB  - In order to assess the psychometric properties of the Heiby Self-Reinforcement
      Questionnaire, 570 undergraduate student volunteers were administered the scale
      and a factor analysis was performed. The most interpretable analysis resulted in
      five factors, which are discussed relative to Rehm's formulations with regard to
      the components of self-reinforcement, with suggestions for the improvement of the
      questionnaire.

PMID- 3360935
TI  - Some normative, reliability, and factor analytic data for the revised UCLA
      Loneliness Scale.
AB  - Normative statistics are provided for the UCLA Loneliness Scale based on the
      results of a sample of 978 adult subjects collected during a general population
      health survey. Factor analysis of the data revealed that the scale had a two
      factor structure; positively worded items loaded on one factor and negatively
      worded items on the other. Results from the factor analysis were used to
      construct two equivalent 10-item short forms of the scale. Previous findings that
      the scale is highly reliable were confirmed.

PMID- 3360936
TI  - The place of self-esteem in interpersonal behavior.
AB  - Two measures of self-esteem (Confidence and Perceived Social Approval) were
      administered with the short form of the Interpersonal Style Inventory to 75 male
      high school students. The purpose was to determine the place of self-esteem in
      the domain of interpersonal behavior. A principal components analysis of the
      intercorrelations among the 17 scale scores disclosed six factors. After an
      oblique rotation (Promax) the factors were interpreted as higher-order dimensions
      of Impulse Control, Level of Socialization, Interpersonal Involvement, and
      Autonomy. Confidence and Popularity emerged as two separate factors; the first
      was seen as a broad dimension of self-confident, rule-free stability.

PMID- 3360937
TI  - Relationship of locus of control to life style habits.
AB  - This study contrasted the life style habits of college students who were high and
      low on different dimensions of locus of control. The Levenson Locus of Control
      Scale was used to assess three locus of control dimensions (Internality, Powerful
      Others, and Chance); the Tennessee Self-Description Form (TSDF) assessed four
      areas of life-style (Work, Social, Health, and Leisure). High and low groups were
      formed for each locus of control dimension by taking the top 20% and bottom 20%
      of the distribution (total N = 162). For all three locus of control variables, a
      significant interaction was obtained between the high-low group variable and the
      four areas of life style. The High Internals, Low Powerful Others, and Low Chance
      groups obtained significantly higher Work and Health scores than did their
      counterparts.

PMID- 3360938
TI  - The "worst ever" version of the General Health Questionnaire.
AB  - This study reports the development of a "worst ever episode" version of the
      Goldberg and Hillier (1979) GHQ-28. The scale was designed to provide a short
      self-report instrument for use with the general population that could be used to
      identify past episodes of psychopathology likely to be of clinical significance.
      Preliminary results together with values for 6-month test-retest reliability are
      reported for a sample of mature students.

PMID- 3360939
TI  - Verbal and figural Gestalt Completion Tests with lateralized occipital area brain
      damage.
AB  - Verbal and figural forms of the Gestalt Completion Test were administered to 8
      subjects with left or near left occipital, 12 with right or near right occipital,
      12 with left anterior-lateral and 9 with right anterior-lateral lesions. Z score
      indices of verbal vs. figural scores were constructed. The indices for these
      groups were compared. Damage to the left occipital area did not impair the
      figural score more than the verbal, while damage to the right occipital area
      impaired the figural considerably more than the verbal. The anterior-lateral
      groups had no lateralized impairment. This supports the concept that the left
      occipital area perceptually transforms verbal visual data, while the right
      occipital area transforms figural visual data.

PMID- 3360940
TI  - The Bender-Gestalt with adolescents: comparison of two scoring systems.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate the relative efficacy of two different
      scoring systems (Koppitz, 1975; Lacks, 1984) for use in evaluating Bender-Gestalt
      performance by adolescents. Normative data are presented for the two scoring
      systems with a sample of "normal" controls (N = 150), emotionally disturbed (N =
      140), and mentally retarded/neurologically impaired adolescents (N = 47), aged 12
      17. Results suggested that age and psychopathology were not related to the
      quality of the Bender-Gestalt reproductions of these subjects. An inverse
      relationship was found between cognitive ability and visual motor skills. Data
      obtained from these samples of adolescents showed a high degree of consistency
      between the scoring systems, which suggests that either scoring procedure is
      suitable for evaluating the Bender-Gestalt performance of adolescents.

PMID- 3360942
TI  - Information Inventory: the quicker Quick Test of intelligence.
AB  - The Information Inventory (II), a short intelligence test for screening purposes,
      was compared to the Quick Test via administration to 111 adults for whom WAIS-Rs
      were available. The II was found to be equivalent or superior to the Quick Test
      with regard to psychometric properties and pragmatic considerations. The II had a
      mean like that of the WAIS-R; the QT was biased toward low IQs.

PMID- 3360941
TI  - Sex, race, residence, region, and education differences on the 11 WAIS-R
      subtests.
AB  - The relationship of test performance on the 11 WAIS-R subtests to five background
      variables was examined by MANOVAs and univariate ANOVAs on standardization data.
      For all four broad age groups (16-19, 20-34, 35-54, 55-74), significant
      differences were found for sex, race, and education main effects. Geographic
      region produced significant main effects for three of the age groups, but
      residence yielded significant results only for the oldest group. The pattern of
      the relationships of subtest scores to each background variable was analyzed,
      interpreted, and integrated with previous research.

PMID- 3360943
TI  - Factorial verbal and performance IQs derived from the WISC-R: their psychometric
      properties.
AB  - A method is discussed for securing Factorial Verbal and Factorial Performance IQs
      from the WISC-R by means of an orthogonal rotation of the axes that describe the
      plane of the first two principal components derived from an analysis of the
      intercorrelations of the WISC-R subtests. The reliability and validity of these
      IQs also are described. Sex differences in normal children are found, as well as
      differences between normal and learning-disabled children.

PMID- 3360944
TI  - Estimated vs. empirical values of scaled-score ranges on Wechsler's Intelligence
      Scales: a correction.
AB  - An error in the procedure that recently was presented for evaluating the
      abnormality of scaled-score ranges is corrected. The correction does not alter
      the earlier conclusion, that the procedure appears sufficiently accurate for most
      clinical applications.

PMID- 3360945
TI  - Ethnic and sex differences on the test of nonverbal intelligence, Quick Test of
      intelligence, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.
AB  - This study investigated the performance of 89 students on the Test of Nonverbal
      Intelligence, Quick Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised IQ
      scores for ethnic and sex differences. The sample consisted of 61 males, 28
      females (37 Black, 52 White). A two-way analysis of variance and the new Duncan's
      Multiple Range Test were used to identify significant differences between the
      mean scores. The findings did not indicate any significant differences between
      the IQ scores with regard to ethnicity or sex. Implications of these findings are
      discussed in terms of assessing minority group members with the Wechsler
      Intelligence Scale-Revised, Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and Quick Test.

PMID- 3360946
TI  - The WAIS-SAM: a comprehensive administrative model of modified WAIS procedures.
AB  - The WAIS-SAM (Ste. Anne's Method) is a procedure designed to reduce standard WAIS
      administration time and is applicable in virtually all cases. In order to
      evaluate the usefulness of the WAIS-SAM, the WAIS records of 80 male hospitalized
      war veterans (aged 55 to 82) were rescored in accordance with the WAIS-SAM
      procedure. Results were evaluated by Resnick and Entin's (1971) three validation
      criteria. Correlation between the WAIS-SAM and standard WAIS FSIQ was
      significantly high (.997) and satisfied the first criterion. A high degree of
      agreement between WAIS-SAM and WAIS (95%) in the classification of subjects into
      IQ categories satisfied the third criterion. The second criterion, however, was
      not met due to meager, though significant, mean differences. Despite this, it was
      concluded that the overall clinical value of the WAIS-SAM was demonstrated.

PMID- 3360947
TI  - Rorschach predictors of therapeutic outcome for inpatient treatment of children:
      a proactive study.
AB  - The present study tested the hypothesis that Rorschach measures of psychological
      instability and perceptual sensitivity (i.e., es, es-EA, Lambda, Blends, Zf, &
      Zsum) would be sensitive to therapeutic change after inpatient treatment of
      children. Twelve male children were administered the Rorschach Ink Blot test in
      accordance with Exner's (1986) procedures and comprehensive system, pretreatment
      and posttreatment. The 12 children received inpatient treatment an average of 12
      months, and all children showed improved functioning after treatment. Pre- to
      posttreatment Rorschach performance changes provided a partial confirmation of
      the hypothesis. Specifically, significant changes in es and Lambda were found
      posttreatment. As such, these Rorschach variables appear to be sensitive to
      therapeutic change in children.

PMID- 3360948
TI  - Convergent validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory.
AB  - The convergent validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) was
      investigated (N = 254). Because the CAP was designed to measure elements of
      individual pathology and interactional problems related to physical child abuse,
      it was predicted that CAP scores would be related to a measure of psychological
      status, the Mental Health Index (MHI). Specifically, it was predicted that the
      CAP would be correlated positively with MHI measures of psychological distress
      and, to a lesser degree, correlated inversely with MHI measures of psychological
      well-being. Because the CAP measures variables predictive of abusive behavior, a
      substantial relationship was expected between the CAP and the MHI Loss of
      Behavioral/Emotional Control scale. All hypotheses were supported.

PMID- 3360949
TI  - Accelerated mental aging in alcoholic patients.
AB  - Discriminant function and polynomial regression methods were used to define a
      mental age function from scale score profile patterns found in the WAIS manual.
      Values on the mental age function then were calculated from WAIS scale score
      profiles for 164 alcoholics in the age range 35 to 74. Validity of the mental age
      function was evident in clear discrimination between chronological age groups in
      the alcoholic sample. As compared with WAIS normative values for the mental age
      function, the mean mental age for patients in the alcoholic sample was advanced
      approximately 7 years over age-matched normals. Unweighted means ANOVA revealed
      the accelerated mental aging of alcoholic patients to be statistically
      significant. This finding is discussed in the context of other research that
      supports a premature aging hypothesis.

PMID- 3360950
TI  - MMPI-168 profiles of male narcotic addicts by ethnic group and city.
AB  - MMPI-168 profiles were obtained on 225 male narcotic addicts who were attending
      methadone maintenance clinics in Baltimore and New York City during 1983 and
      1984. Data were collected on Black and White (Anglo, other than Hispanic) addicts
      in Baltimore and on Black, Hispanic, and White addicts in New York City. In
      general, the profiles indicated high levels of psychopathology, with particularly
      high elevations on the F, D, PD, PT, and Sc scales. Consistent across cities and
      in agreement with earlier findings, profiles of Whites indicated somewhat more
      maladjustment than those for Blacks, while the profiles of Hispanics displayed
      essentially the same levels of disturbance as those for Whites. Comparisons by
      city revealed greater deviance for New York City subjects, a finding more evident
      among Whites than among Blacks.

PMID- 3360951
TI  - Effects of short-term abstinence from alcohol on subsequent drinking patterns of
      social drinkers.
AB  - Previous research with both animals and humans has suggested that short-term
      abstinence from alcohol temporarily may increase subsequent alcohol consumption.
      To study this issue further, the present investigation evaluated the effect of
      voluntary, short-term abstinence on the subsequent drinking patterns of female
      social drinkers. Thirty-six subjects provided a baseline assessment of drinking
      patterns and then were assigned randomly to either a control group, which drank
      as usual, or to an experimental group, which abstained from alcohol for 3 weeks.
      All subjects monitored the frequency and quantity of their subsequent drinking
      for a 3-week follow-up period. The results showed that voluntary abstinence
      neither increased nor decreased subsequent alcohol consumption. This finding is
      discussed in relation to previous research.

PMID- 3360952
TI  - Early recollections of alcoholic women.
AB  - Early recollections of 27 alcoholic women were significantly different from those
      of 30 control subjects. Recollections of alcoholics suggested more disturbed
      relationships with family and nonfamily members, more references to incidents
      that elicited fear, anxiety, and other negative affects, and little acceptance of
      responsibility for what happens in their memories. Utilizations of these results
      must be viewed cautiously until further investigation with larger and varied
      samples provides additional supporting evidence.

PMID- 3360953
TI  - Reactions to anger and anxiety-provoking events: psychopathic and nonpsychopathic
      groups compared.
AB  - A psychopathic offender group (N = 17) and a nonpsychopathic, non-offender
      control group (N = 15) were presented with descriptions of anxiety and anger
      provoking situations (derived from a pilot study) together with a series of
      questions designed to evaluate their cognitive appraisal and anticipated
      reactions of self and other to the situation. The psychopathic group rated the
      anxiety situations as more anxiety-, fear-, and threat-inducing than did the
      control group, while the reverse was true for the anger situations. Both sets of
      scenarios were seen as more anger-inducing by the psychopathic group. There was
      little difference between the groups in anticipated reactions of self and others.
      Implications of the results for cognitive interventions aimed at anger management
      are discussed.

PMID- 3360954
TI  - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative proctocolitis:
      association between enhanced adherence to nylon fibre and disease variables.
AB  - The adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to nylon fibre was
      investigated in patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative proctocolitis, and
      anorexia nervosa, and compared with changes of circulating PMNs, C reactive
      protein concentrations, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and clinical assessment
      of disease activity. PMN adherence was in excess of the maximum value detected
      for healthy subjects in 14 of 25 patients with Crohn's disease and two of 10 with
      proctocolitis, but it was within the normal range for all eight with anorexia
      nervosa. High adherence in Crohn's disease, however, was not associated with
      quantitative or qualitative changes of PMN populations, absolute concentrations
      of C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, disease severity, drug
      regimens, malnutrition, or zinc deficiency. High PMN adherence in Crohn's disease
      may therefore reflect the activation in vivo of normal PMN by humoral factors.

PMID- 3360955
TI  - Nature of mononuclear cells positive for acid phosphatase activity in bone marrow
      of patients with renal osteodystrophy.
AB  - Fifty two of 63 patients with renal osteodystrophy had one or more mononuclear
      cells positive for acid phosphatase in the marrow. These cells are also tartrate
      resistant and non-specific esterase negative, and are believed to be precursors
      to osteoclasts and other acid phosphatase positive cells resorbing bone on the
      trabecular surface.

PMID- 3360956
TI  - Risk of hepatitis B infection among medical and paramedical workers in a general
      hospital in Zimbabwe.
AB  - To evaluate the addition of hepatitis vaccine to health schemes for hospital
      workers in Zimbabwe we undertook a cross sectional study of viral markers in 226
      hospital workers and compared the results with 97 volunteer blood donor controls.
      One hundred and thirty one (58%) hospital workers had hepatitis markers compared
      with 45 (46%) of the donor group. Racial group was the strongest risk factor.
      Blacks were 70% more likely to have markers than whites. This racial difference
      was not explained by job status or patient contact. Our data suggest that work in
      a district general hospital does not constitute a clinically important hazard for
      hepatitis B infection. Because of the high cost of the vaccine, additional
      studies to assess the risk of hospital work in other settings in Zimbabwe are
      required before health policy regarding routine hepatitis B vaccination is
      determined.

PMID- 3360958
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human factor VII: production of immunodepleted plasma
      for VII:C assays.
AB  - A high affinity monoclonal antibody to factor VII (RFF-VII/1), coupled to
      sepharose, was used to immunodeplete factor VII from normal plasma. The plasma
      could be used as a substrate in a one stage coagulation assay and performed as
      well as, or better than, commercially available factor VII deficient plasma or
      plasma from congenitally deficient factor VII patients. Plasma from normal donors
      (n = 20), patients with liver disease (n = 20), and patients receiving warfarin
      (n = 20), or congenitally factor VII deficient patients (n = 7) was assayed for
      VII:C concentration in a one stage coagulation assay. The concentration of VII:C
      detected with the immunodepleted plasma substrate was comparable in all cases
      with that seen with a commercially available substrate (r = 0.95).

PMID- 3360959
TI  - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia.

PMID- 3360957
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human factor VII: a one step immunoradiometric assay for
      VII:Ag.
AB  - Three mouse monoclonal antibodies (RFF-VII/1, RFF-VII/2, and RFF-VII/3) which
      bind specifically to different epitopes on human factor VII antigen were raised.
      Two of the antibodies, RFF-VII/1 and RFF-VII/2, bound strongly to factor VII
      antigen (VII:Ag), but only RFF-VII/1 and RFF-VII/3 were potent inhibitors of
      factor VII coagulation activity (VII:C). RFF-VII/1 and RFF-VII/2 were used in a
      one step, double monoclonal immunoradiometric assay for VII:Ag. This was highly
      reproducible and detected as little as 0.05U/dl VII:Ag. Values for VII:Ag
      obtained for plasma samples from normal subjects (n = 20), patients with liver
      disease (n = 20), patients treated with warfarin (n = 20), and those congenitally
      deficient in factor VII (n = 7) correlated very well (r = 0.96) with data
      obtained in a radioimmunoassay using polyclonal rabbit antiserum to factor VII.
      This simple and sensitive monoclonal antibody based assay offers a convenient
      method for the detection of VII:Ag in various disease states.

PMID- 3360960
TI  - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) and positive immunoblastic lymphoma.

PMID- 3360961
TI  - Normal haemoglobin electrophoretic pattern in a patient with sickle cell disease
      and end stage renal failure.

PMID- 3360962
TI  - Limitations of Chlamydiazyme in general hospital laboratories.

PMID- 3360963
TI  - Reporting colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3360964
TI  - Drug evaluation and registration in Hungary.
AB  - In Hungary, the actual drug evaluation and registration system reflects
      international standards and national traditions. The compulsory drug registration
      system that was established in 1933 was among the first in Europe. Laboratory
      control (since 1927), clinical trials (since 1951) and human clinical
      pharmaceutical experiments (since 1967) are prerequisites for new-drug approval.
      Applications should be sent to the National Institute of Pharmacy, which has the
      overall responsibility for the registration of pharmaceutical products.
      Applications are assessed on the basis of the drug's quality, safety, and
      efficacy. The procedure follows several steps: evaluation of chemical and
      pharmaceutical data by the staff of the National Institute of Pharmacy;
      evaluation of toxicologic and pharmacologic documentation with the help of the
      Committee on Drug Administration; after consultation with the Committee on
      Medical Research Ethics (mandatory in cases of original new drugs), authorized
      clinical pharmacologic investigations are conducted in the units of the Clinical
      Pharmacological Network, which are supervised by the National Center for Clinical
      Pharmacology; clinical trials; application for registration (scientific
      evaluation); and finally, application to the Ministry of Health for a marketing
      authorization. The process may be facilitated appreciably for preparations
      already registered in another country. Moreover, Hungary is an active member in
      the World Health Organization (WHO), Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention of the
      European Free Trade Association (EFTA PIC), the Council of Mutual Economic
      Assistance (COMECON), and other international pharmaceutical and clinical
      pharmaceutical collaborations.

PMID- 3360965
TI  - The new monobactams: chemistry and biology.
AB  - The discovery of the monobactams led to the successful development of aztreonam
      as the first of this novel class of beta-lactam antibiotics to enter the clinical
      field. Continued structural modification on the monobactam nucleus has resulted
      in two additional compounds from this class that show interesting biologic
      properties. The first, SQ 83,360, is like aztreonam in exhibiting high activity
      against members of the Enterobacteriaceae but has the added characteristic of
      being exceptionally active against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also,
      significant gains are made with SQ 83,360 in activity against Pseudomonas spp.
      and Acinetobacter. The second compound, tigemonam, is also like aztreonam, having
      good activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and showing good beta-lactam stability. Tigemonam differs from
      aztreonam in being well absorbed orally by experimental laboratory animals.

PMID- 3360966
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of roxithromycin (RU 965).
AB  - This report contains the findings of five studies performed to evaluate the
      pharmacokinetics of roxithromycin (RU 965), a new macrolide antibiotic.
      Roxithromycin was given as 150- and 300-mg film-coated tablets. The drug is
      rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma levels following 150- and
      300-mg doses occur within two hours. Steady state is reached within four days
      with doses of 150 mg twice a day or 300 mg once daily. The plasma half-life is
      approximately 12 hours. About 10% of the dose is excreted in urine. Although dose
      dependency was observed for the various pharmacokinetic parameters, dose
      proportionality could be demonstrated only in terms of the percentage of the dose
      excreted in urine. The rate of absorption is not affected by age. The rate of
      elimination and renal clearance are decreased in healthy elderly subjects,
      however, these differences should not be clinically meaningful. The
      bioavailability of the drug is not affected to a clinically meaningful extent
      when it is given with milk. Less than 0.05% of the administered dose is excreted
      in the breast milk of lactating women. Roxithromycin was safe and well tolerated
      with no clinically meaningful changes in any of the safety variables in any of
      the five studies reported.

PMID- 3360967
TI  - Macrolides: problems and promises.

PMID- 3360968
TI  - A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone
      antimicrobial.
AB  - Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a
      broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The
      efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of
      ciprofloxacin are reported. Drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203
      adult patients treated primarily in the United States. Data from 1676 courses
      were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The unit dose for most patients
      ranged from 250 mg to 750 mg (median, 500 mg), usually given every 12 hours. The
      duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 231 days (median, 10 days). Predominant
      among 1722 infections were those of the urinary tract (43%), skin structures
      (29%), and respiratory tract (19%); the remainder were bone and joint infections
      (5%), bacteremias (2%), and intra-abdominal (1%), gastrointestinal (1%), and
      pelvic infections (less than 1%). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 79%
      of all cases; a further 15% improved, and 5% failed to improve. Pathogens were
      eradicated in 89% of urinary tract infections and persisted in 5%; 80% of
      patients still had sterile urine at the 3-to 6-week follow-up. In 81% of
      nonurinary tract infections, pathogens were eradicated; they persisted in 11%,
      and superinfection occurred in less than 5%. After treatment, 89% of the 2253
      causative organisms were eradicated and 2% were reduced to clinically
      insignificant counts; 8% persisted. Of 411 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 77% were
      eradicated, as were 97% of 421 Escherichia coli and 80% of 248 Staphylococcus
      aureus isolates. Also eradicated were 95% of 166 Klebsiella, 96% of 139 Proteus
      mirabilis, 100% of 20 other Proteus, 94% of 123 Enterobacter, 100% of 68
      Haemophilus influenzae, 96% of 49 Citrobacter, 89% of 45 Serratia, 95% of 41
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, 91% of 43 Salmonella, 100% of 38 Morganella morganii,
      and 100% of 35 Providencia isolates. Adverse reactions were judged probably or
      possibly drug-related in 14.8% of courses; drug treatment had to be stopped
      prematurely in 3.5%. The most frequent reactions were gastrointestinal complaints
      (chiefly nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting), metabolic disorders (elevated SGOT,
      SGPT, serum creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen), and nervous system effects
      (dizziness, light-headedness, restlessness, tremor, and headache). Crystalluria,
      judged to be related to ciprofloxacin, occurred in two patients.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3360969
TI  - Pregnancy-specific changes of antipyrine pharmacokinetics correlate inversely
      with changes of estradiol/progesterone plasma concentration ratios.
AB  - Antipyrine pharmacokinetics as well as estradiol and progesterone concentrations
      were measured in plasma of 11 healthy pregnant women during the first two
      trimesters and again in the same patients 6 to 20 weeks after interruption of
      pregnancy. During pregnancy, the clearance of antipyrine increased and its half
      life decreased in all but two instances. A significant inverse relationship was
      found between the degree of pregnancy-specific changes of plasma clearance of
      antipyrine and estradiol-progesterone plasma concentration ratios: high estradiol
      progesterone ratios during pregnancy corresponded to decreased plasma clearance
      of antipyrine; low ratios of the two hormones during pregnancy corresponded to
      increased plasma clearance of antipyrine. The current results indicate that the
      balance between circulating estrogens and progesterone may be an appropriate
      indicator for pregnancy-specific changes of a particular hepatic drug metabolism
      during pregnancy.

PMID- 3360970
TI  - Pentopril-cimetidine interaction caused by a reduction in hepatic blood flow.
AB  - The interactive effects of the coadministration of steady-state cimetidine and
      single-dose pentopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the
      pharmacokinetic disposition of each other were studied in humans. Cimetidine
      reduced the clearance of pentopril by 11 to 14%. This reduction in clearance was
      shown to be caused by a reduction in liver blood flow probably mediated through
      H2 receptor blockade. Meanwhile pentopril induced the oral clearance of
      cimetidine by 21%, presumably by a reduction in the bioavailable fraction of
      cimetidine. The mechanism of this interaction is unknown.

PMID- 3360971
TI  - Triazolam kinetics: interaction with cimetidine, propranolol, and the
      combination.
AB  - Nineteen healthy volunteers received a single 0.5-mg oral dose of triazolam on
      four occasions under the following conditions: (1) triazolam alone; (2) triazolam
      with cimetidine, 300 mg four times daily; (3) triazolam with propranolol, 40 mg
      four times daily; (4) triazolam with both cimetidine and propranolol. Triazolam
      kinetics were determined from multiple plasma concentrations measured during 24
      hours after each dose. Compared with control, peak plasma triazolam concentration
      (Cmax) was significantly increased by cimetidine (5.4 versus 3.9 ng/mL), total
      area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) increased (21.3 versus 16.1 ng/mL
      X hr), and oral clearance decreased (485 versus 668 mL/min). However triazolam
      half-life was not increased. During propranolol alone, triazolam Cmax (4.1
      ng/mL), AUC (14.3 ng/mL X hr), and clearance (759 mL/min) did not differ
      significantly from control, whereas kinetic variables for triazolam with
      cimetidine plus propranolol were similar to those with cimetidine alone. Plasma
      free fraction for triazolam (17 to 18% unbound) did not differ significantly
      among the four treatment conditions. Mean steady-state plasma cimetidine
      concentrations during trials 2 and 4 were similar (1.04 versus .98
      micrograms/mL), whereas plasma propranolol was significantly higher during
      cimetidine plus propranolol than with propranolol alone (47 versus 29 ng/ml, P
      less than .001). Thus cimetidine coadministration significantly inhibits
      triazolam clearance, causing increased triazolam AUC and Cmax, but without a
      prolongation in half-life. Propranolol itself does not impair triazolam
      clearance, nor does propranolol potentiate the inhibitory effect of cimetidine
      alone.

PMID- 3360972
TI  - Metronidazole impairs clearance of phenytoin but not of alprazolam or lorazepam.
AB  - Healthy volunteers received single doses of either phenytoin (300 mg IV),
      alprazolam (1 mg orally) or lorazepam (2 mg IV) on two occasions in random
      sequence. One of the two trials was a control; for the other trial, subjects
      ingested metronidazole, 250 mg three times daily beginning 4 days prior to and
      continuing for the duration of each kinetic study. Compared with control,
      metronidazole significantly prolonged phenytoin half-life (23 versus 16 hours, P
      less than .02) and reduced its clearance (.28 versus .33 mL/min/kg, P less than
      .005), known to depend on aromatic hydroxylation. However, metronidazole did not
      significantly alter kinetic variables for either alprazolam (metabolized by
      aliphatic hydroxylation) or lorazepam (metabolized by glucuronide conjugation).
      Thus, metronidazole has the capacity to impair the clearance of certain
      oxidatively metabolized drugs, but there is no apparent way to predict which
      drugs will be so influenced.

PMID- 3360973
TI  - Phase I clinical studies of 7432-S, a new oral cephalosporin: safety and
      pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Phase I clinical studies of 7432-S, a new oral cephalosporin, including a
      randomized placebo-controlled trial were conducted with 40 healthy volunteers. In
      single-dose studies, 7432-S was orally administered at doses of 25, 50, 100, and
      200 mg. The mean plasma levels peaked at 2.1 to 3.0 hours and reached 1.9, 3.6,
      5.6, and 11.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. Linear correlation was observed
      between plasma AUC values and doses given. The half-lives of the plasma levels
      were 0.88 to 2.26 hours with a mean of 1.53 +/- 0.33 hours. The mean urinary
      recoveries were 67.5 to 75.2% of the dose within 24 hours. 7432-S was partially
      metabolized to 7432-S-trans which was excreted in urine at 7.2 to 9.2% of the
      doses. Study of the meal effect showed that AUC values and peak levels were not
      altered although the time to the peak levels was slightly prolonged. In multiple
      dose studies, 100 mg of 7432-S twice daily for 2 weeks and 200 mg twice daily for
      1 week were administered and there was no abnormal accumulation of 7432-S in
      plasma throughout the study. No significant differences were observed in plasma
      levels and urinary recoveries between single- and multiple-dose regimens.
      Clinical symptoms, physical tests, laboratory parameters, and fecal levels of
      vitamins K1 and K2 were in normal ranges. 7432-S was concluded to be safe and
      well tolerated.

PMID- 3360974
TI  - Amrinone pharmacokinetics in neonates and infants.

PMID- 3360975
TI  - The Shewan Spontaneous Language Analysis (SSLA) system for aphasic adults:
      description, reliability, and validity.
AB  - The Shewan Spontaneous Language Analysis (SSLA) system is designed to describe
      and quantify aphasic subjects' connected language using a picture description
      task. The 12 SSLA variables measure the three components of the linguistic system
      and additional general parameters of verbal output. Intrajudge, interjudge, and
      test-retest reliability are within acceptable psychometric standards. The SSLA
      correlates significantly with clinical judgments of the severity of connected
      language impairment. The system differentiates aphasic from normal performance,
      using both clinical and statistical methods. SSLA performance data for a group of
      aphasic subjects and a group of normal controls will be presented.

PMID- 3360976
TI  - Analysis of spontaneous language in the older normal population.
AB  - Language sample data from normal subjects, spanning an age range of 40-79, were
      collected in order to determine how normal aging might affect performance on a
      picture description task, routinely used for assessment of aphasic individuals.
      The Shewan Spontaneous Language Analysis system was used to analyze each sample.
      For most variables, performance was stable across the age span studied, with no
      significant changes indicated with aging. However, a significant increase in the
      number of paraphasias and a significant decrease in communication efficiency were
      observed with an increase in age. Establishing normative data is necessary to
      separate aging effects from the communication impairment in the older population.

PMID- 3360977
TI  - Expressive language recovery in aphasia using the Shewan Spontaneous Language
      Analysis (SSLA) system.
AB  - The oral expressive language of a group of aphasic subjects was measured on two
      occasions approximately one year apart to determine what changes took place
      during this period and whether these changes were significant. The SSLA system
      was used to evaluate the aphasic language samples obtained from a picture
      description task. Positive changes toward normal language functioning occurred
      for several variables. Type of aphasia affected the outcome of several variables.
      The rank ordering of aphasia types from most to least impaired was similar across
      these variables, thereby suggesting similar outcome patterns. Initial severity of
      aphasia also influenced the outcome of several SSLA variables. However, the
      degree of concordance of the severity groups across variables was not
      statistically significant. Treatment had a positive effect on the outcome of only
      one SSLA variable. Possible explanations for these results are discussed.

PMID- 3360978
TI  - Effectiveness of neonatal transport in New York City in neonates less than 2500
      grams--a population study.
AB  - In the past two decades, there has been a gradual trend to regionalization of
      perinatal care, categorization of hospitals and transport services for neonatal
      health care. The literature alludes to both beneficial and deleterious effects of
      neonatal transport (T) but no controls such as a matched nontransport (NT)
      population have been utilized to date. The major goal of this study was to
      evaluate the effect of neonatal transport from Level I and II high risk less than
      or equal to 2500 gm. neonates (born in NYC in one calendar year, 1979) compared
      to a cohort nontransported population matched for hospital of birth, weight,
      race, sex and risk. All transported less than or equal to 2500 gm. from Level I
      and II (n = 328) were studied and a stratified random sample of the
      nontransported (NT) infants less than or equal to 2500 gm. from these same
      hospitals (n = 2042) was used for comparison. The principle outcome variable was
      survival. The major conclusion of this study is that in Level I and II hospitals
      the transport group had a significantly increased survival in infants who were
      sick (Apgar less than 6) compared to cohorted nontransported controls.
      Interhospital differences in survival were noted among Level I and II but not
      seen in the subdivisions of (A) and (B) hospitals.

PMID- 3360979
TI  - The effect of paternal social support on maternal disruption caused by childhood
      asthma.
AB  - Baseline data obtained from a study of 228 low-income Black and Hispanic mothers
      of children with asthma were analyzed to test the hypothesis that the presence of
      adults in the household, and paternal involvement in asthma care would be
      associated with less disruption of mothers' daily activities due to the child's
      asthma. The data were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. We
      controlled for other variables that might affect the amount of disruption that
      mothers reported, including the child's age and severity of asthma. The mere
      presence of other adults in the household, including the father, was not
      significantly associated with disruption. The frequency of the father's
      involvement in the care of the child's asthma was inversely associated with
      disruption regardless of his presence in the household. Hispanic ethnicity and
      severity of the child's asthma were directly associated with disruption while the
      age of the child was inversely associated with disruption. We conclude that it is
      a specific type of assistance (sharing asthma tasks) rendered by fathers living
      within or outside of the household that reduces disruption reported by mothers.
      The study suggests that health care providers can improve education and
      counseling for families who have a child with asthma by emphasizing to fathers
      their importance in the care of asthma, and by helping them identify specific
      actions they can take to manage the child's disease.

PMID- 3360980
TI  - Home-based Health Risk Appraisal and screening program.
AB  - In an effort to improve Health Risk Appraisals and to induce individuals to
      change their lifestyles, comprehensive evaluations and counseling sessions were
      carried out for 476 participants of an experimental preventive care program
      (1984). Nurse practitioners interviewed participants in their homes and collected
      information about their lifestyle, medical history, and family history. In
      addition, physical examinations were performed and blood samples were obtained
      for laboratory analysis. This information was used to formulate health risk
      profiles for all participants who were then counseled on how to decrease
      identified health risks. Interventions included education about health risks and
      specific programs which were administered to help modify high-risk behaviors. At
      one year follow-up, significant risk reductions were reported in many areas of
      increased risk.

PMID- 3360981
TI  - Differences in physician prevention practice patterns for white and minority
      patients.
AB  - A telephone survey of 120 randomly selected primary care physicians in New York
      City was completed in October, 1984 (response rate = 90%) concerning physicians'
      recommendations for health promotion and disease prevention. Responses from
      physicians with 50% or more Black and Hispanic patients were compared with
      responses from physicians with 50% or more White patients. The former were found
      to be less likely to follow guidelines from nationally recognized organizations
      for health promotion and disease prevention, although they were just as likely to
      value the importance of prevention in primary care. For example, physicians with
      predominantly Black and Hispanic patient populations were significantly less
      likely to recommend screening mammography (7% versus 23%) or recommend influenza
      vaccination for patients 65 or older (48% versus 74%) when compared with
      physicians with predominantly White patient populations. Factors that appeared to
      contribute to the difference in prevention practice patterns include physician
      training and education, the socioeconomic status of the patients, and the time
      physicians spend with patients. Differences in quality of preventive care
      provided to minority patients may be an additional factor in the disparity
      between the health status of White and non-White Americans.

PMID- 3360982
TI  - Sympathetic innervation of the rat cornea as demonstrated by the retrograde and
      anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin.
AB  - The sympathetic innervation of the rat cornea was studied by using the method of
      intraaxonal transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate
      (HRP-WGA). In the first set of experiments, the relative number of superior
      cervical ganglion neurons that innervate the rat central cornea was estimated by
      the method of retrograde HRP-WGA transport. Following tracer application to the
      scarificed central corneal surface, 49-198 labeled neurons were observed in the
      ophthalmic region of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion and zero to four cells
      in the rostral pole of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In the second
      set of experiments, the three-dimensional distribution and termination sites of
      the corneal sympathetic nerve fibers were investigated by the technique of HRP
      WGA anterograde transport from the superior cervical ganglion. HRP-WGA-labeled
      axons in corneal whole mounts were identified by the presence within their
      axoplasm of linear arrays of HRP-TMB reaction product, and their distribution was
      plotted faithfully onto line drawings made with a drawing tube attachment. Large
      numbers of HRP-labeled fibers were found in all animals within the corneoscleral
      limbus where the majority were associated with blood vessels. Fewer fibers (zero
      to 14 per animal) entered the cornea proper. The latter fibers entered the
      peripheral cornea in the deep to middle layers of the stroma and ascended into
      progressively more superficial layers as they coursed centrally. The majority of
      fibers branched infrequently in the peripheral cornea and increased in branching
      complexity near the central cornea. HRP-labeled axonal varicosities suggestive of
      terminal and preterminal expansions were located preferentially in the
      subepithelial layer of the corneal stroma and in the basal epithelium.
      Approximately 75% of the axonal varicosities were located in the central half of
      the cornea. The results of the current investigation reveal that the rat cornea
      is innervated sparsely by sympathetic nerve fibers derived from the superior
      cervical ganglion. These data provide additional support to current theories that
      corneal sympathetic nerve fibers may influence select aspects of corneal
      physiology, including ion transport and hydration, mitogenesis and wound healing,
      and sensitivity.

PMID- 3360983
TI  - Aberrant optic axons in the retinal pigment epithelium during chick and quail
      visual pathway development.
AB  - Examination of a large number of retinal pigment epithelia revealed that, in a
      small proportion, optic axons in chick and quail eyes aberrantly entered the
      pigment cell layer between embryonic day (E) 7 to E14. The aberrant retinal axons
      originated from the main stream of retinal fibers in the optic nerve and invaded
      the pigment layer from various positions of the optic nerve head or fissure by
      growing along the basal side of the pigment epithelium. The axon bundles grew
      several millimeters into the epithelial sheet and arborized at the margin of the
      eye. As shown by electron microscopy the nerve fibers occurred as bundles of
      three to several hundred axons. They always were located at the basal side of the
      epithelium, and were enveloped by processes of epithelial cells. Very large
      bundles of axons, however, displaced the epithelial cells from the basal matrix.
      These retinal axons contacted the pigment epithelial basal lamina. The basal
      extracellular matrix from the retinal pigment epithelium was isolated and used as
      substratum for in vitro cultures of various types of neural explants. The matrix
      preparations consisted of a sheet of a 50 nm thick basal lamina with a central
      lamina densa, two laminae rarae, and a 15 micron thick stroma. Axons from avian
      retina explants, as well as sensory ganglia, grew on the basal lamina side of the
      pigment cell matrix with the same growth rate and with the same fiber density as
      on similarly prepared basal laminae from the neural retina. These experiments
      show that the matrix from the pigment epithelium of the avian eye does not have
      negative effects on axonal growth and indicate that a basal lamina from a
      normally non-innervated tissue can provide a favorable matrix for axonal growth.

PMID- 3360984
TI  - Cortical connections of electrophysiologically and architectonically defined
      subdivisions of auditory cortex in squirrels.
AB  - Multiunit recordings with microelectrodes were used to identify and delimit
      subdivision of auditory cortex in squirrels. In the same animals, cortical
      connections of subdivisions of auditory cortex were determined by placing
      injections of the tracer wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish
      peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into electrophysiologically defined locations. The
      electrophysiological results and patterns of connections were later related to
      myeloarchitectonic distinctions in brain sections cut parallel to the surface of
      the artificially flattened cortex. As previously described (Merzenich et al.: J.
      Comp. Neurol. 166:387-402, '76), a primary auditory field, A-I, was characterized
      by (1) neurons narrowly tuned to tone frequency; (2) a tonotopic map with high
      frequencies, which represented caudal to low frequencies; and (3) dense
      myelination. A-I was reciprocally connected with a rostral field, R, a parietal
      ventral somatosensory representation, PV, cortex ventral to A-I, and other nearby
      regions of cortex of the same hemisphere. Callosal connections of A-I were with A
      I, R, and two or more other regions of temporal cortex. The less densely
      myelinated rostral field, R, also had neurons that were frequency tuned, but the
      neurons were often less securely driven. R appeared to have a tonotopic
      organization that roughly mirrored that of A-I. Ipsilateral connections of R
      included A-I, PV, and cortex ventral and caudal to R. Callosal connections were
      with R, A-I, PV, and cortex ventral and caudal to R. Callosal connections were
      with R, A-I, PV, and other locations in temporal cortex. Cortex in caudal PV,
      ventral to A-I, and ventral to R was responsive to auditory stimuli, but
      responses to pure tones were weak and inconsistent, and habituation to a repeated
      stimulus was rapid. The cortex responsive to auditory stimuli included some but
      not all of the cortex connected with A-I and R. The results lead to the
      conclusion that auditory cortex of squirrels contains at least two tonotopically
      organized fields, possibly as many as five or more auditory fields, and at least
      two auditory-somatosensory fields.

PMID- 3360985
TI  - Comparison of growth and reinnervation properties of cholinergic neurons from
      different brain regions grafted to the hippocampus.
AB  - Grafts of five different types of central cholinergic neurons, from the septal
      diagonal band region, the nucleus basalis magnocellularis region (NBM), the
      striatum, the pontomesencephalic tegmentum of the brainstem, and the spinal cord,
      were compared with respect to their ability to grow and to reinnervate the
      cholinergically denervated hippocampal formation of adult rats. The areas were
      dissected from 14 to 15-day-old rat fetuses, and the same number of viable cells
      (35 X 10(4) from each of the different regions were stereotaxically injected as
      cell suspensions into the hippocampus of rats subjected to a transection of the
      intrinsic septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathways. At 17-19 weeks after
      transplantation, the various graft types differed considerably in their volume,
      the total amount of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive fiber outgrowth, and the
      innervation pattern and morphology of the AChE-positive fibers growing into the
      host hippocampus. On average the NBM and spinal cord grafts had grown to become
      three to four times larger than the septal and the brainstem grafts, and 15-20
      times larger than the striatal grafts. By contrast, the total ingrowth score of
      AChE-positive fibers in the host hippocampus from the septal grafts was about
      twice that of the NBM and brainstem grafts, about five times greater than the
      striatal grafts, and about six times greater than that of the spinal cord grafts.
      The large NBM grafts thus exhibited similar fiber outgrowth to the much smaller
      brainstem grafts, and the AChE-positive neurons of the grafted spinal cord grew
      very poorly into the hippocampus despite the fact that they survived very well.
      The innervation pattern and morphological features of the ingrowing AChE-positive
      fibers in the host hippocampus proper and in the dentate gyrus resembled those of
      normal rats in animals with grafts from any of the three forebrain regions (i.e.,
      septum, NBM, or striatum), whereas ingrowth from the brainstem and spinal cord
      grafts were markedly abnormal with respect to both innervation pattern and fiber
      morphology. These results provide further evidence that the overall survival,
      growth, and fiber outgrowth of intracerebral neural grafts depend on interactions
      with the surrounding host tissue. Since the ability to reinnervate the previously
      denervated host target was greatest for the neuron type normally innervating that
      area, i.e., the septal-diagonal band neurons, we conclude that neuronal
      properties beyond the transmitter type are essential for the optimal performance
      of implanted neurons in intracerebral grafting experiments.

PMID- 3360986
TI  - Organization of the spinocervicothalamic pathway in the rat.
AB  - We used silver degeneration techniques to examine the termination of the
      spinocervical and cervicothalamic tracts in rats. Lesions of the dorsal portion
      of the lateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord produced degeneration of a
      relatively small number of ascending fibers that were seen within the most
      lateral portion of the DLF rostral to the lesion. Within the lateral cervical
      nucleus, the degeneration was more extensive mediolaterally and of a finer
      caliber. Such labeling is attributable to the degeneration of fine fibers and
      terminals. Degenerating processes could be seen in apposition to neurons in the
      lateral cervical nucleus. At all levels of the cord, the lateral spinal nucleus
      was devoid of terminal labeling following lesions of the DLF. No terminal
      degeneration could be seen within the DLF at levels rostral to the lateral
      cervical nucleus. Lesions of the DLF at either midcervical or lower thoracic
      levels produced degeneration throughout the lateral cervical nucleus. This
      finding suggests that the lateral cervical nucleus of the rat is not
      somatotopically organized. Lesions of the lateral cervical nucleus produced
      degeneration of a small number of fibers within the contralateral midbrain and
      thalamus. Within the mesencephalon, degenerating fibers and terminals were seen
      primarily in the intercollicular region and the deep layers of the superior
      colliculus. Less degeneration was found in the lateral portion of the central
      gray. Within the diencephalon, a small area of termination was located in the
      ventromedial part of the rostral portion of the medial geniculate nucleus. A
      prominent termination was present in a restricted area within the caudal fourth
      of the ventrobasal complex.

PMID- 3360987
TI  - Response of endogenous glial cells to motor neuron degeneration induced by toxic
      ricin.
AB  - The injection of toxic lectin from Ricinus communis into the rat facial nerve
      resulted in suicide transport and rapid degeneration of facial motor neurons. The
      reaction of glial cells to neuronal death in comparison with nerve crush lesions
      was studied by using lectin-HRP conjugates derived from Griffonia simplicifolia
      for the selective staining of microglial cells at both light and electron
      microscopic levels. In addition, the proliferative activity of microglia was
      assessed by quantification of 3H-thymidine incorporation. The astrocytic response
      was evaluated by light microscopic immunocytochemistry for glial fibrillary
      acidic protein. In the degenerating facial nucleus local microglial cells
      responded by rapid proliferation and phagocytosis of neuronal debris. After nerve
      crush, no phagocytes were observed, but microglial proliferation and perineuronal
      satellitosis were prominent. The astrocytic expression of glial fibrillary acidic
      protein in response to nerve crush proceeded gradually over a period of several
      weeks after which it declined, contrasting with accelerated astrocytic
      hypertrophy and permanent glial scarring after neuronal degeneration. These
      results show that the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein by fibrous
      astrocytes is intensified after lethal neuronal injury compared to sublethal
      insults. In the absence of any observations indicating participation of
      hematogenous elements, it is proposed that local microglial cells transform into
      brain macrophages.

PMID- 3360988
TI  - Catecholamine-synthesizing neuronal projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii
      of the rat.
AB  - The objective of the present study was to determine the location of the neurons
      that give rise to catecholamine-containing terminals in the nucleus tractus
      solitarii. This was done by injecting rhodamine-filled latex microspheres into
      the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats to retrogradely label neuronal cell bodies
      and by processing sections from the brains of these animals to determine if the
      labelled neurons were immunoreactive for the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes,
      dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase
      (PNMT). Approximately 60% of the DBH-immunoreactive neurons that projected to the
      nucleus tractus solitarii belonged to the A1/C1 cell group, while an additional
      20% belonged to the A5 cell group. Thus, these two ventrolateral rhombencephalic
      cell groups accounted for nearly 80% of the total number of rhodamine-bead
      labelled DBH-immunoreactive neurons in this series of experiments. Only a small
      number of DBH-immunoreactive neurons of the A2/C2 cell group contained rhodamine
      filled latex microspheres. Rarely, DBH-immunoreactive neurons in the locus
      coeruleus and the nucleus subcoeruleus were found to project to the nucleus
      tractus solitarii. The majority of the PNMT-immunoreactive neurons that projected
      to the nucleus tractus solitarii belonged to the C1 cell group. Only small
      numbers of PNMT-immunoreactive neurons of the C2 and C3 groups were found to
      contain rhodamine-filled latex microspheres. It is concluded that neurons in the
      ventrolateral medulla and pons, some of which presumably utilize norepinephrine
      and/or epinephrine as a transmitter, could regulate autonomic function via direct
      projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii.

PMID- 3360989
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence that horizontal cell axon terminals are presynaptic in
      the human retina.
AB  - The organization of the rod spherule and of the horizontal cell axon terminals
      within the invagination of the rod spherule in the human retina was examined in
      serial sections by electron microscopy. Twenty-one rod spherules were
      reconstructed in this study. Axon terminal processes of type I horizontal cells
      consistently make one or two small punctate synapses onto each rod spherule
      within the invagination. In addition, these axon terminal processes make distinct
      synapses upon rod bipolar dendrites outside the spherule before both processes
      enter the invagination. This is the first positive description of a synapse from
      a horizontal cell axon terminal process onto a photoreceptor terminal and the
      first identification of a synapse from a horizontal cell to a rod bipolar cell in
      the mammalian outer plexiform layer. We speculate that the axon terminal-to-rod
      synapse is responsible for feedback while the synapse upon the rod bipolar cell
      is feed-forward and serves to expand the receptive field of the rod bipolar cell
      beyond its dendritic field. Alternatively, the latter may contribute to a center
      surround organization of the rod bipolar's receptive field.

PMID- 3360990
TI  - Visual system of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): III. Fiber order in
      the optic nerve and optic tract.
AB  - In channel catfish the ganglion cell axons leave the retina via a ring of
      approximately 13 separate optic papillae. Each papilla serves an area of retina
      extending from the central zone of the retina to the periphery. Papillae located
      at a dorsal position in the ring serve exclusively dorsal retina. Ventrally
      located papillae, however, have an exaggerated peripheral retinal representation,
      so that they serve mostly ventral retina but also some areas of peripheral retina
      dorsal to the nasal and temporal poles. The ganglion cell axon bundles departing
      from the retina via individual papillae were labelled with horseradish
      peroxidase, and sections of the optic pathway were examined to reveal the
      topographic organization of the fibers. The topographic order of the optic nerve
      was dissimilar to that of cichlids and goldfish. Fibers from individual papillae
      remained together throughout the optic nerve. Close to the optic nerve head, the
      papillae were arranged as a continuum around the U-shaped optic nerve, without
      the discontinuity in the representation of the ventral retina seen in other fish.
      Fibers associated with the dorsal papillae were located at the tip of the
      caudolateral arm of the U, and fibers from ventral papillae were on the
      rostromedial arm. Fibers from nasally and temporally located papillae were found
      on the base of the U. By the level of the optic chiasm the U shape had flattened
      out but retained the relative ordering of the papillae. Rotation of the nerve as
      it became the optic tract brought the representation of the ventral papillae to
      the dorsal pole of the tract, and the dorsal papillae to the ventral tract. It
      was only in the optic tract that rearrangement of fibers became apparent. As
      described above, the axons of some ganglion cells in dorsal, peripheral retina
      left the retina and travelled through the optic nerve with axons from extreme
      ventral retina. In the optic tract, these dorsal fibers joined the main body of
      fibers from the dorsal retina. The significance of these observations for
      theories of fiber rearrangement is discussed.

PMID- 3360991
TI  - Demonstration of topographically organized projections from the hypothalamus to
      the pontine nuclei: an experimental anatomical study in the cat.
AB  - In 22 cats implantations and injections of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ
      agglutinin (HRP-WGA) or Fluoro-Gold were placed in the pontine nuclei or the
      hypothalamus. The occurrence and distribution of labeled cells in the
      hypothalamus and of labeled terminal fibers in the pontine nuclei were mapped.
      Following implantations of HRP-WGA ventromedially in rostral parts of the pontine
      nuclei, 22-44% of all labeled cells in the brainstem and diencephalon are found
      in the medial mamillary nucleus ipsilateral to the implantation. Some labeled
      cells are also found in the supramamillary, premamillary, anterior mamillary, and
      tuberomamillary nuclei. Thus, labeled cells in the hypothalamus make up 33-54% of
      all labeled cells in the brainstem and diencephalon in such cases. In contrast,
      implantations and injections in mediocaudal parts of the pontine nuclei result in
      labeling of cells mainly in the posterior, dorsal, and lateral hypothalamic areas
      (terminology of Bleier: The Hypothalamus of the Cat. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
      Press, '61). In these cases the labeled cells in the hypothalamus make up 16-25%
      of all labeled cells in the brainstem and diencephalon. Implantations in more
      lateral parts of the pontine nuclei label only a few cells in the hypothalamus.
      Following implantations of HRP-WGA in restricted parts of the hypothalamus,
      fibers from the medial mamillary nucleus were found to terminate ventromedially
      at all rostrocaudal levels of the pontine nuclei, ipsilateral to the
      implantation. In the rostralmost part of the pontine nuclei, the terminal
      labeling forms a dense, transversely oriented, c-shaped band. Fibers from the
      posterior and dorsal hypothalamic areas terminate medially and dorsomedially in
      the caudal third of the pontine nuclei. Sparse terminal labeling is also seen in
      lateral parts of the pontine nuclei and medially at more rostral levels. In two
      cases with small implantations of HRP-WGA ventromedially in rostral parts of the
      pontine nuclei, labeled cells are found both in the medial mamillary nucleus and
      the cingulate gyrus. Thus, it seems possible that fibers from the medial
      mamillary nucleus and the cingulate gyrus converge upon a restricted area
      ventromedially in rostral parts of the pontine nuclei.

PMID- 3360992
TI  - Structure and distribution of dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones in the
      abdominal nerve cord of male and female locusts.
AB  - Dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones in insects have been shown to modulate the
      activity of both skeletal and visceral muscle. It has been suggested that as a
      population they carry out a role analogous to that of the sympathetic nervous
      system in vertebrates; however, the extent of their distribution throughout the
      ventral nerve cord has not been assessed. This paper aims to fill this gap by
      systematically describing the number and morphology of DUM neurones in each of
      the abdominal ganglia of male and female locusts. To achieve this, the lateral
      nerves of each abdominal ganglion were backfilled to reveal the position of the
      somata of DUM neurones. To confirm their identity and reveal their structure, DUM
      somata were then impaled with microelectrodes and, after physiological
      characterization, the neurones were stained by intracellular injection with
      cobalt ions. In each of the first six abdominal ganglia of both sexes, two DUM
      neurones, one with axons in the tergal nerve and one with axons in the sternal
      nerve, were found. In the seventh abdominal, and the terminal, ganglion (composed
      of the eighth to eleventh neuromeres), there was considerable sexual dimorphism
      in DUM neurone distribution, which was most marked in those associated with some
      of the nerves innervating the genitalia. In the male, four clusters of somata in
      the seventh, eighth, and tenth segments have axons in the genital nerve. In the
      female, which lacks a genital nerve, clusters of DUM neurones, absent in the
      male, have axons in the seventh and eighth sternal nerves and the cercal nerve.

PMID- 3360993
TI  - Development of chorda tympani nerve taste responses in the hamster.
AB  - To determine whether changes in salt and sugar responses occur during development
      in the hamster, multifiber responses were recorded from the chorda tympani nerve
      while stimulating the anterior tongue of preweanling, early postweanling, and
      adult hamsters. Gustatory stimuli included 0.1 and 0.5 M solutions of NH4Cl,
      NaCl, LiCl, and KCl, and concentration series (0.01-1.0 M) of glucose, fructose,
      sucrose, maltose, lactose, and (0.0005-0.01 M) saccharin. Dramatic alterations in
      hamster peripheral gustatory sensitivities occurred with age, with the direction
      and magnitude of change dependent on the specific stimulus. Response magnitudes
      to 0.1 M solutions of NaCl and LiCl decreased with age compared to the NH4Cl
      response, whereas responses to all other salt stimuli remained constant during
      development. Responses to all sugars and saccharin compared to the NH4Cl response
      increased during development across a large concentration range; however, the age
      at which mature responses were achieved depended on the specific "sweet"
      stimulus. Whereas these findings demonstrate that the hamster peripheral
      gustatory system is dynamic during postnatal development, the hamster has a
      unique developmental pattern of salt taste development compared to other species.
      Specifically, the effectiveness of NaCl and LiCl decrease during development
      compared to NH4Cl in the hamster, but increase dramatically in the rat and sheep.
      Thus, the developmental patterns are opposite in direction for the hamster
      compared to the rat and sheep and may relate to the environmental pressures
      imposed upon each species.

PMID- 3360994
TI  - Comparative topography of projections from the mesodiencephalic junction to the
      inferior olive, vestibular nuclei, and upper cervical cord in the cat.
AB  - Distributions of neurons located in the central rostral mesencephalon and caudal
      diencephalon that project to the upper cervical spinal cord, vestibular nuclei,
      or inferior olive were studied in the cat by using retrograde axonal transport of
      wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Afferent
      sources to all of these targets were observed in the interstitial nucleus of
      Cajal (INC), the region surrounding the fasciculus retroflexus (PF), and the
      nucleus of the fields of Forel (NFF). Three-dimensional reconstruction revealed
      differences in densities of cells projecting from these common areas. Spinal
      projecting cells were present in slightly greater numbers in the caudal two
      thirds of the INC, whereas those projecting to the vestibular complex were more
      numerous in the rostral two-thirds of this nucleus. A relatively smaller number
      of olivary projecting cells were dispersed throughout the INC. Olivary afferent
      sources outnumber those with spinally directed or vestibularly directed axons in
      the PF region. In the fields of Forel, cells projecting to the vestibular nuclei
      or inferior olive were concentrated medially, whereas cells projecting to the
      spinal cord appeared both medially and laterally. Each type of afferent source
      was also seen in the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the posterior
      ventral lateral hypothalamic area. Unique sources of afferents to the inferior
      olive were observed in the parvicellular red nucleus (ipsilateral to the
      injections) and the anterior and posterior pretectal nuclei. A large number of
      labeled neurons was seen in the nucleus of Darkschewitsch after injections of
      tracer into the inferior olive, but this projection did not appear to be unique,
      as small numbers of labeled cells were also seen after injections into the
      cervical spinal cord. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus and the adjacent somatic
      oculomotor nucleus contained cells which projected separately to the spinal cord
      or the vestibular complex, and the superior colliculus contained cells which
      projected separately to the contralateral spinal cord or the contralateral
      inferior olive. In this study, it was also noted that neurons in the medial
      terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract projected to the ipsilateral
      inferior olive or to the contralateral vestibular complex. These differences in
      locations and densities of cells projecting to the cervical spinal cord,
      vestibular complex, and inferior olive may underlie functional specializations in
      these areas in relation to vertical eye and head movement control and to neural
      systems controlling postural adjustments accompanying limb movements.

PMID- 3360995
TI  - Mesodiencephalic projections to the vestibular complex in the cat.
AB  - The distribution of cells in the rostral medial mesencephalon and caudal
      diencephalon which project to the vestibular complex was mapped in the cat by
      using retrograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to
      horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Subsequent experiments using anterograde
      transport of WGA-HRP clarified the position of the terminations of the
      mesodiencephalic-derived afferents in the vestibular complex. After large
      injections which involved the entire vestibular complex, retrogradely labeled
      cells were seen in both the ipsilateral and contralateral interstitial nucleus of
      Cajal (INC) and were more numerous in its rostral pole. Labeled cells also
      occurred in the perifascicular region, both immediately adjacent to the
      fasciculus retroflexus and rostroventral to it. Fusiform midline cells of the
      Edinger-Westphal nucleus were also labeled, as well as a number of cells in the
      adjacent somatic portion of the oculomotor complex (OMC). Another group of
      labeled cells was observed within the contralateral medial terminal nucleus of
      the accessory optic tract (MTN) and in the posterior hypothalamic nucleus.
      Injections limited to subregions of the vestibular complex resulted in similar
      but slightly varying distributions and numbers of retrogradely labeled cells.
      After injections covering the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN)
      and descending vestibular nucleus (DVN), labeled cells in the INC and tegmentum
      dorsal to it were especially prominent, but none was seen in the MTN or OMC.
      Injections placed in the rostral MVN, lateral vestibular nucleus, y group, and
      superior vestibular nucleus resulted in a distribution of labeled cells similar
      to that seen following global vestibular injections, but these cells were fewer
      in number. After an injection confined to the y group, a small number of
      retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the rostral pole of the INC and
      immediately ventral to the fasciculus retroflexus. Projections from the rostral
      medial mesencephalon and caudal diencephalon to the MVN, DVN, and y group were
      confirmed by using anterograde transport of WGA-HRP. Direct projections from the
      INC-perifascicular regions and somatic neurons of the OMC to the caudal
      vestibular complex could play a role in eye-head coordination. Those projections
      from the rostral INC and MTN to the rostral vestibular complex may play a role in
      vertical eye movements and responses to visual stimuli which move in the vertical
      plane.

PMID- 3360996
TI  - Tonotopic projection from the dorsal to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of
      mice.
AB  - To understand how auditory information is processed in the cochlear nuclei, it is
      crucial to know what circuitry exists and how it functions. In slice
      preparations, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into the anteroventral
      cochlear nucleus (AVCN) reveal two circuits: a connection between the dorsal
      cochlear nucleus (DCN) and AVCN and a local circuit confined to the AVCN.
      Extracellular injection in the AVCN labels a band of cells in the DCN. The
      labeled cells in the DCN lie within a band of auditory nerve fiber terminals that
      are labeled by the same injection, showing that the connection from the DCN to
      the AVCN is frequency specific. The injections into the AVCN also labeled a
      cluster of neurons in the AVCN dorsal to the injection site. These cells may be
      interneurons that relay information from areas encoding higher frequencies to
      areas encoding lower frequencies within the AVCN. In the parasagittal plane, the
      AVCN is organized along two orthogonal axes that are indicated with HRP labeling
      of fibers and cell bodies. The tonotopic axis runs approximately dorsoventrally;
      the isofrequency axis runs approximately rostrocaudally. The axons of labeled DCN
      neurons and the cluster lie along the tonotopic axis, whereas the labeled
      auditory nerve fibers define the isofrequency axis. Where they cross is where HRP
      is taken up by the fibers. The area of uptake is small and lies in the middle of
      the darkly stained injection site.

PMID- 3360997
TI  - Functionally distinct groups of X-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
      cat.
AB  - The latencies and visual response properties of 202 X-cells in the A-laminae of
      the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were examined to investigate the
      recent claim (Mastronarde, '85,'87a) that functionally different groups of X
      cells reside there. Two groups of X-cells were found, which differed in their
      extracellularly recorded responses to spots of light flashed within their
      receptive fields. One group, constituting one-third of the sample, responded to
      spot onset with a profound and often long-lasting dip in discharge rate, such
      that cell discharge usually did not reach half maximum until greater than or
      equal to 100 msec after spot onset. About 70% of these cells also displayed a
      transient discharge at spot onset. These cells correspond to Mastronarde's lagged
      X-cells, and we similarly refer to them as XL-cells. The second group,
      constituting the remainder of the X-cell population, generally responded to spot
      onset with a short latency (less than or equal to 60 msec) brisk discharge, no
      detectable XL-type dip, and a rapid reduction in firing at spot offset. We refer
      to these neurons as nonlagged (XN) X-cells; this group probably encompasses all
      of Mastronarde's non-XL-cells. Despite some overlap, the XL- and XN-cells
      differed in numerous other features. Compared to XN-cells, XL-cells exhibited: 1)
      lower peak rates of discharge and more uniform firing during spot onset; 2)
      slightly longer latencies and markedly lower probabilities of discharge to optic
      chiasm stimulation; 3) consistently lower geniculocortical conduction velocities;
      and 4) markedly lower optimal temporal frequencies when tested with drifting sine
      wave gratings. No differences were found between the two cell groups in optimal
      spatial frequency, spatial resolution, or receptive field center size, and there
      were equal proportions of on- and off-center types of XL- and XN-cells. Analyses
      of one- and two-dimensional plots of the physiological measures indicate that XL-
      and XN-cells constitute a physiological continuum. However, the two groups occupy
      opposite sides of the continuum on many of the measures, with little overlap and
      with few (less than 5%) cells with intermediate properties. Therefore, XL-cells
      may be considered a distinct, readily identifiable group. These findings confirm
      and extend Mastronarde's ('87a) observations on functional differences among
      geniculate X-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3360998
TI  - Structural correlates of functionally distinct X-cells in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus of the cat.
AB  - In the companion paper (Humphrey and Weller, '88), we demonstrated 2
      physiologically different groups of X-cells (XL and XN) in the A-laminae of the
      cat lateral geniculate nucleus. In order to investigate their possible
      morphological correlates, we iontophoresed horseradish peroxidase intracellularly
      into physiologically identified XL- and XN-cells and examined their light
      microscopic appearance. The 11 HRP-labeled XL-cells constituted the smallest
      relay neurons in the A-laminae, and were similar morphologically. All had small
      somata (mean soma size = 236 micron2), very thin (less than 1.0 micron) axons,
      few primary dendrites, and narrow, sinuous distal dendrites, which usually formed
      trees that were oriented perpendicular to laminar borders. The dendrites could be
      smooth or display beadlike varicosities, hairlike appendages, and/or occasional
      complex stalked appendages, but their most consistent feature was numerous
      clusters of grapelike dendritic appendages located at or near dendritic branch
      points. The 14 labeled XN-cells were structurally more heterogeneous, and they
      included relay neurons and interneurons. Eight of 11 XN-relay cells differed
      markedly from the XL-cells. These XN-cells were multipolar neurons with medium to
      large somata (mean soma size = 365 micron2), small to medium-size axons (1.0-2.0
      micron), numerous primary dendrites, and straight distal dendrites that formed
      radially symmetric trees. The dendrites of the cells were largely smooth, except
      for occasional spines and/or hairs, and they were devoid of grapelike and other
      complex appendages. The three other XN-relay neurons had morphologies either
      similar to XL-cells or intermediate between XL-cells and more simple, multipolar
      XN-relay cells, but two of these cells had larger somata and axons than most XL
      cells. Finally, three XN-cells were intrageniculate interneurons, which possessed
      small somata (mean soma size = 174 micron2), fine sinuous dendrites covered with
      beadlike varicosities on stalked appendages, and no obvious axon. These results
      reveal that, despite minor overlap, there are marked structural differences
      between XL- and XN-cells. Among the relay cells, these differences relate to soma
      and axon diameter, dendritic orientation, and the presence or absence of
      grapelike dendritic appendages. Our finding that interneurons were strongly
      excited at short latencies by spot onset supports the hypothesis (Mastronarde,
      '87a; Humphrey and Weller, '88) that such interneurons provide the major
      inhibitory input to XL-cells, and that this input is important in generating the
      spot-induced early dips in XL-cell discharge.

PMID- 3360999
TI  - Retinal projections to the pretectum in the pigeon (Columba livia).
AB  - The retinal projection to the pretectum in the pigeon has previously been
      described in detail only by means of anterograde degeneration techniques
      (Reperant, '73). The present study reinvestigated these retinal projections by
      using the more sensitive anterograde autoradiographic technique. In general, our
      results confirm and extend those of Reperant ('73). We have found that three
      pretectal nuclei--the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, tectal gray, and the area
      pretectalis--received heavy retinal input. A fourth pretectal nucleus,
      pretectalis diffusus, receives a slight retinal input. The nucleus lentiformis
      mesencephali can be divided into two closely apposed subnuclei that are
      cytoarchitecturally similar. We have termed them "lentiformis mesencephali, pars
      medialis" and "lentiformis mesencephali, pars lateralis." The tectal gray can be
      divided into a rostral, retinorecipient region and a narrow, caudal,
      nonretinorecipient region. The cytoarchitecture and retinal terminal field in
      area pretectalis have been described previously by us (Gamlin et al., '84).
      Pretectalis diffusus is located caudal to the retinorecipient dorsal thalamus and
      rostral to area pretectalis. Localized retinal injections of 3H proline
      delineated the number and extent of the retinal representations in the pretectum.
      Separate retinal representations were present in lentiformis mesencephali, pars
      medialis, lentiformis mesencephali, pars lateralis, the tectal gray, area
      pretectalis, and pretectalis diffusus. Only in the lentiformis mesencephali, pars
      medialis, lentiformis mesencephali, pars lateralis, and the tectal gray could the
      retinal representations be analyzed. Whereas the retinal representations in the
      lentiformis mesencephali, pars medialis and the tectal gray are comparable, the
      retinal representation in the lentiformis mesencephali, pars lateralis is
      different, being a mirror-image mediolaterally. In this study we introduce a
      conservative nomenclature for the retino-recipient pretectal nuclei that is
      consistent with earlier studies, in particular, those of Kuhlenbeck ('39), but
      has been modified in the light of our findings. We believe that this
      nomenclature, combined with the detailed cytoarchitectural descriptions provided,
      should facilitate future studies of the avian pretectum.

PMID- 3361001
TI  - Morphological response of axotomized septal neurons to nerve growth factor.
AB  - Septal efferent fibers from the neurons in the medial septal nucleus are
      destroyed by fimbria-fornix aspirative lesion. In the present study we used
      quantitative morphometric techniques to evaluate the response of these axotomized
      septal neurons to a constant infusion of nerve growth factor (NGF). By 2 weeks
      following the lesion, approximately 75% of the cholinergic neurons had
      degenerated in the untreated rats. The remaining cholinergic neurons showed few
      signs of the effect of the lesion when stained for a polyclonal antibody to ChAT
      and examined in 40-micron-thick sections. In 1-micron-thick sections the
      remaining ChAT-immunoreactive (IR) neurons also appeared no different from the
      intact ChAT neurons. However, non-ChAT-IR neurons had a shrunken nucleus, while
      all other morphometric parameters appeared normal. NGF infusion protected most of
      the ChAT-IR neurons from degenerating. The saved neurons had the same parameters
      as the undamaged ChAT-IR neurons when examined in either 40-micron- or 1-micron
      thick sections. In addition, the shrunken appearance of the non-ChAT-IR neurons'
      nuclei was avoided by the NGF infusions. Enlarged ChAT-IR processes were evident
      in the dorsolateral quadrant of the septum following damage to the fimbria
      fornix. NGF-infusions prevented the formation of these processes. Instead, in the
      treated animals the dorsal lateral quadrant contained a dense plexus of fine ChAT
      IR varicosities. Taken together these results demonstrate that NGF not only can
      protect the cholinergic neurons from axotomy-induced degeneration but can also
      cause the saved neurons to maintain the same morphometric appearance as intact
      ChAT-IR neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361000
TI  - Corticothalamic connections of paralimbic regions in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - This study addressed the issue of whether paralimbic regions of the cerebral
      cortex share common thalamic projections. The corticothalamic connections of the
      paralimbic regions of the orbital frontal, medial prefrontal, cingulate,
      parahippocampal, and temporal polar cortices were studied with the
      autoradiographic method in the rhesus monkey. The results revealed that the
      orbital frontal, medial prefrontal, and temporal polar proisocortices have
      substantial projections to both the dorsomedial and medial pulvinar nuclei,
      whereas the anterior cingulate proisocortex (area 24) projects exclusively to the
      dorsomedial nucleus. These proisocortical areas also have thalamic connections
      with the intralaminar and midline nuclei. The cortical areas between the
      proisocortical regions on the one hand and the isocortical areas on the other,
      that is, the posterior cingulate region (area 23) and the posterior
      parahippocampal gyrus (areas TF and TH), project predominantly to the dorsal
      portion of the medial pulvinar nucleus, the anterior nuclear group (AV, AM), and
      the lateral dorsal (LD) nucleus. Additionally, the posterior cingulate and medial
      parahippocampal gyri (area TH) have projections to the lateral posterior (LP)
      nucleus. Thus, it appears that the proisocortical areas, which are characterized
      by a predominance of infragranular layers and an absence of layer IV, have common
      thalamic relationships. Likewise, the intermediate paralimbic areas between the
      proisocortex and isocortical regions, which also have a predominance of
      infragranular layers but in addition have evidence of a fourth layer, project to
      the medial pulvinar and to the so-called limbic nuclei, AV, AM, LD, as well as a
      modality-specific nucleus, LP.

PMID- 3361002
TI  - Projections of the retinorecipient pretectal nuclei in the pigeon (Columba
      livia).
AB  - We have used anterograde autoradiographic and retrograde HRP techniques to
      investigate the efferent connections of the retinorecipient pretectal nuclei in
      the pigeon. In the accompanying paper we identified these nuclei in the pigeon as
      the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali--pars lateralis and pars medialis, the
      tectal gray, the area pretectalis, and pretectalis diffusus. Although there are
      reports of a few of the projections of these nuclei, they had not previously been
      the subject of a detailed study. We found that different cell types in the
      lentiformis mesencephali, pars medialis and the lentiformis mesencephali, pars
      lateralis have descending projections to different targets. These targets include
      the inferior olive, the cerebellum, the lateral pontine nucleus, the nucleus
      papillioformis, the nucleus of the basal optic root, the nucleus mesencephalicus
      profundus, pars ventralis, the nucleus principalis precommissuralis, and the
      stratum cellulare externum. We found that a few cells in the lentiformis
      mesencephali project to the medial pontine nucleus, but that a much heavier
      projection arises from the nucleus laminaris precommissuralis, which is medial to
      the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, pars medialis. The tectal gray has
      predominantly ascending projections to the diencephalon. The nuclei that it
      projects to are the nucleus intercalatus thalami, the nucleus of the ventral
      supraoptic decussation, the nucleus posteroventralis, the ventral lateral
      geniculate nucleus, the nucleus dorsolateralis medialis, and the nucleus
      dorsolateralis anterior. The tectal gray also projects topographically to layers
      4 and 8-13 of the optic tectum. Area pretectalis has both ascending and
      descending projections. It has ipsilateral ascending projections to the nucleus
      dorsolateralis anterior, pars magnocellularis, the nucleus lateralis anterior,
      and the nucleus ventrolateralis thalami. It has ipsilateral descending
      projections to the central gray, the nucleus of the basal optic root, pars
      dorsalis, the lateral pontine nucleus, and the deep layers of the optic tectum.
      It has contralateral projections to the area pretectalis, the nucleus Campi
      Foreli, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, the
      cerebellum, and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. The efferent projections of
      pretectalis diffusus are limited. It projects contralaterally to the pretectalis
      diffusus, and ipsilaterally to the nucleus of the ventral supraoptic decussation,
      the lateral pons, and the cerebellum.4

PMID- 3361003
TI  - Monosynaptic transmission of respiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons from
      brainstem bulbospinal neurons in rats.
AB  - The termination patterns in the rat phrenic nucleus of neurons within two
      respiratory cell groups of the ventrolateral medulla (Botzinger Complex and the
      rostral ventral respiratory group) were determined. The plant lectin, Phaseolus
      vulgaris leuco-agglutinin, was used as an anterograde tracer to label presynaptic
      processes of bulbospinal neurons, and horseradish peroxidase was used
      simultaneously to label phrenic motoneurons. Labeled bulbospinal axons ended with
      dense terminal arborizations within the phrenic cell column and on radial phrenic
      motoneuron dendrite bundles, which represented the exclusive site of termination
      of Botzinger Complex and rostral ventral respiratory group neurons in the lower
      cervical spinal cord. Terminals of these descending axons formed presumptive
      synaptic contacts within longitudinal and radial dendrite bundles, and on the
      cell somata of phrenic motoneurons.

PMID- 3361004
TI  - Development of the dopaminergic innervation in the prefrontal cortex of the rat.
AB  - The pre- and postnatal development of the dopaminergic innervation in the
      prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the rat is described from embryonic day 14 through
      postnatal day 90. By embryonic day 15 the dopamine (DA)-containing fibers reach
      the anlage of the lateral neocortex; 2 days later the first fibers have reached
      the subplate of the future prefrontal cortex. The process of entering the
      cortical plate starts just before birth. Prenatally, some dopaminergic fibers can
      be observed in the marginal zone of both the lateral and the medial wall of the
      hemisphere. Within 48 hours after birth a large number of dopaminergic fibers can
      be observed in the marginal zone, i.e., the future layer I, in some subareas of
      the PFC. A transient appearance of DA-positive fibers is noticed in the late
      embryonic and early postnatal periods especially in the marginal zone and
      possibly in the superficial layers of the pregenual cingulate cortex. Changes in
      the morphology of DA fibers at P4 suggest that the actual DA innervation starts
      at this age. From postnatal day 6 the different subareas of the PFC can be
      recognized according to the characteristics of the topographical distribution of
      the dopaminergic fibers. Until postnatal day 60 the density of the dopaminergic
      fibers continues to increase. No difference in density and topography was
      observed between postnatal days 60 and 90.

PMID- 3361005
TI  - Nonretinal projections to the medial terminal accessory optic nucleus in rabbit
      and rat: a retrograde and anterograde transport study.
AB  - The distribution and density of the nonretinal projections to the rabbit medial
      terminal accessory optic nucleus (MTN) have been studied after injections of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the MTN in seven rabbits, and confirmation for
      the presence of certain of these projections has been made in the rabbit or rat
      by utilizing anterograde transport of tritiated leucine or leucine/proline after
      appropriate injections into cerebral cortical areas and brainstem nuclei. In
      seven cases studied by the retrograde axonal transport method, HRP-labeled
      neurons have been identified: (A) In four visual or preoculomotor nuclei in which
      available autoradiographic brain series have confirmed the presence of
      projections to the MTN: (1) The nucleus of the optic tract/dorsal terminal
      accessory optic nucleus, (2) the interstitial nucleus of the superior fasciculus
      (posterior fibers), (3) the periaqueductal gray (including its supraoculomotor
      portion), and (4) the medial division of the deep mesencephalic nucleus. (B)
      Within the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, from which a projection to the MTN
      has been confirmed autoradiographically in the rat by other workers. (C) In
      brainstem nuclei and cerebral cortical areas in which available autoradiographic
      brain series fail to confirm the presence of afferents to the MTN: (1) The
      nucleus reticularis pontis, pars oralis and pars caudalis, (2) the intermediate
      interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, (3) the nucleus raphe
      pontis, and (4) five cerebral cortical areas (the area retrosplenialis granularis
      dorsalis, the striate area, the parietal area 3, the subicular cortex, and the
      regio praecentralis granularis). Finally, we report retrograde labeling which, on
      the basis of published connectional data, we believe to result from the spread to
      and uptake from axons en passant. The false-positive labeling in this category is
      likely to result from spread of HRP into ventral tegmental nuclei or tracts
      adjacent to the MTN. Thus, as a result, in the medulla and pons, labeled neurons
      are found in the medial, lateral, and superior vestibular nuclei, the medullary
      reticular formation including the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, the
      lateral reticular nucleus, the nucleus raphe magnus, the spinal nucleus of V, the
      nucleus gracilis/nucleus cuneatus, the dorsal and ventral divisions of the
      parabrachial nucleus, the central pontine gray, the nucleus K of Meessen and
      Olszewski, and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3361006
TI  - Time of origin of cholinergic neurons in the rat basal forebrain.
AB  - The timing of the final mitotic division of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
      was studied by injecting [3H]thymidine into timed pregnant rats and processing
      the brains of their progeny as young adults for immunohistochemistry with a
      monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) followed by
      autoradiography. ChAT-positive neurons located caudally in the basal forebrain
      were found to become postmitotic mostly on embryonic (E) days 12 and 13, whereas
      the peak final mitosis of more rostrally located ChAT-positive neurons occurred
      increasingly later, with the most rostral ChAT-immunoreactive neurons leaving
      their final mitotic cycles on E15 and E16. In all basal forebrain regions,
      cholinergic neurogenesis was complete by E17. These results indicate that the
      cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain become postmitotic in a caudal-to
      rostral gradient over about 5 days. The continuity of the gradient suggests that
      these cholinergic neurons may derive from the same germinal source.

PMID- 3361007
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias during phenol face peel.

PMID- 3361009
TI  - Sterile technique in dermatologic surgery: what is enough?

PMID- 3361008
TI  - The importance of accuracy.

PMID- 3361010
TI  - Mohs surgery report: spindle cell fibrohistiocytic tumors: classification and
      pathophysiology.
AB  - Four patients with spindle cell cutaneous fibrohistiocytic neoplasms are
      presented. A classification scheme for this group of tumors is discussed along
      with the histologic and immunohistochemical criteria needed to establish the
      diagnosis. Cutaneous malignant fibrous histiocytoma (atypical fibroxanthoma) may
      behave biologically as a neoplastic rather than reactive mesenchymal tumor with
      definite invasive and metastatic potential.

PMID- 3361012
TI  - Lower eyelid reconstruction.
AB  - The Hughes procedure of tarsoconjunctival flap sharing for lower eyelid
      reconstruction following removal of basal cell carcinoma is described. Although
      this technique has the disadvantage of being a 2-staged procedure that requires
      closure of the eyelid for 2-8 weeks, its cosmetic and functional results are
      outstanding. While the Hughes procedure is not the only technique for eyelid
      reconstruction, it is a time-tested method commonly practiced by ophthalmic
      plastic surgeons.

PMID- 3361011
TI  - The use of a combination skin hook and tissue forceps: a new instrument for
      dermatologic surgery ("Frankel-Adson forceps").
AB  - The dermatologic surgeon frequently uses both skin hook and tissue forceps to
      accomplish atraumatic wound closure. Since this requires the surgeon to change
      instruments frequently during the course of the procedure, a combination skin
      hook and tissue forceps has been developed to make possible the simultaneous use
      of these two instruments. In addition, using a new technique that combines the
      two capabilities of this instrument, the surgeon can further reduce the risk of
      tissue trauma during surgery. The instrument and this technique are described.

PMID- 3361013
TI  - Wound infection rate in dermatologic surgery.
AB  - Most dermatologic surgery is performed in clinical settings and not in the
      rigorous sterile environment of a hospital operating room. This prospective study
      measures the wound infection rate over a 2 1/2 year period for cutaneous surgery
      performed in a clinical environment. This percent infection rate compares very
      favorably with that of formal operating room settings.

PMID- 3361014
TI  - Postoperative necrosis following bilateral lateral scalp reduction.
AB  - Three cases of postoperative necrosis following a bilateral lateral reduction are
      presented. Due to the incidence and possible severity of this complication, the
      author has abandoned this procedure and cautions others to do the same.

PMID- 3361015
TI  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
AB  - We report the case a 69-year-old woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans,
      present, apparently, since birth. To our knowledge, this case represents the
      longest reported duration of a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

PMID- 3361016
TI  - Cutaneous metastases from laryngeal carcinoma.
AB  - The authors describe a case of cutaneous metastases from a squamous cell
      carcinoma of the laryngeal vestibule. The skin lesions, which consisted of
      nodules localized to the forehead and left arm, appeared 2 years after diagnosis
      of the primary tumor. The skin manifestations preceded lung metastases by 5
      months.

PMID- 3361017
TI  - Value of static pulmonary compliance in predicting mortality in patients with
      acute respiratory failure.
AB  - The measurement of static pulmonary compliance by means of pressure-volume curves
      is an useful tool in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure.
      On admission to our Intensive Care Unit, we calculated the static pulmonary
      compliance values from the pressure-volume curve in 55 severe acute respiratory
      failure patients under mechanical ventilation. A predictive model, based on
      static pulmonary compliance measured on the deflation of the pressure-volume
      curve and patients' age, was developed using a function derived by stepwise
      discriminant analysis. Thirty-six of the 40 patients (90%) in the learning sample
      and 12 of the 15 patients (80%) in the test sample were correctly classified into
      survivors or non-survivors. The overall classification demonstrated an accuracy
      of 88% (48 of 55 patients). We conclude that the value of static pulmonary
      compliance can be an useful prognostic factor in patients with severe acute
      respiratory failure.

PMID- 3361018
TI  - Sequential epidemic outbreaks of septicaemias by Serratia and Klebsiella species
      on a medical intensive care unit.
AB  - The high rate of septicaemias (20%, 19% and 14%) observed in our Intensive Care
      Unit (ICU) during the first 3 years was due to an epidemic incidence of Serratia
      sp. (S) (26% during the first year) and Klebsiella sp. (K) (25% during the third)
      and decreased significantly in the following 6 years (mean incidence of 11%) (p
      less than 0.01). During this epidemic phase these organisms were isolated quite
      frequently (between a 14% and a 6%) from all patients admitted. The K was more
      regularly present, for the mean time intervals free of its bacteriological
      presence were shorter (11 days) than those of S (27 days) (p less than 0.01). The
      K was isolated in more patients (160) than S (79) (p less than 0.01) and in more
      samples (360) than S (235) (p less than 0.01), but caused less secondary
      septicaemias per colonized patient (7% versus 29%) (p less than 0.01). In 59% of
      all S septicaemias the organism was previously isolated in other culture, while
      this was observed in only 34% of K septicaemias (x2 = 3.78, p = 0.052). The large
      variations in the incidence of septicaemias within our ICU, the appearance of
      sequential epidemic outbreaks, with a different behaviour of S and K and the
      individual risk of septicaemia of patients colonized by these organisms are
      noted.

PMID- 3361019
TI  - Peripheral vascular resistance in septic shock: its relation to outcome.
AB  - To support the concept that patients who die of septic shock have a persistent
      defect in peripheral vascular tone irrespective of cardiac index (CI), a
      retrospective study was undertaken of 42 patients with documented septic shock.
      From the patient records, the single lowest CI (t = 2) measured after initial
      values (t = 1) with concomitantly obtained haemodynamic and metabolic variables
      was taken. Group 1 consisted of 21 survivors and group 2 of 21 patients, who had
      died in shock. Initial haemodynamic and metabolic variables were comparable
      between the groups, reflecting shock with a hyperdynamic circulation and lactic
      acidemia. At t = 2, median CI measured 3.21.min-1.m-2 in both groups, but mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were higher
      in group 1 than 2 (p less than 0.0005). Changes in arterial blood lactate levels
      also differed significantly. The rankcorrelation between CI and SVRI at t = 2 was
      significant in group 1 (rs = -0.69, p less than 0.005) but not in group 2 (rs = 
      0.34). Our data suggest that when CI decreases in septic shock, patients with a
      fatal outcome have less capability to augment vascular resistance than survivors.
      Hence, peripheral vascular failure, even if complicated by inability to maintain
      an elevated CI, may be a major haemodynamic determinant of mortality in septic
      shock.

PMID- 3361020
TI  - Continuous EEG and ICP monitoring as a guide to the administration of althesin
      sedation in severe head injury.
AB  - The effects of 142 intravenous boluses of althesin (0.05 ml/kg) on cerebral
      perfusion pressure (CPP) were studied in twelve head injured comatose patients.
      The data were divided into those where the mean pre-bolus intracranial pressure
      (ICP) was above or below 20 mmHg and then subdivided into those where the minimum
      pre-bolus voltage of the cerebral function monitor (CFM) was above or below 5
      microV (representing marked reduction in cortical electrical activity). The pre
      bolus ICP influenced the extent of the fall in ICP and thus the direction of the
      resulting change in CPP. A mean reduction in CPP was observed in both groups in
      which ICP was below 20 mmHg irrespective of the CFM voltage. In the subgroups
      with high ICP, CPP increased when CFM was not depressed and fell when CFM was
      below 5 microV. The effects of individual boluses varied within and between the
      subgroups and, occasionally, severe and unpredictable hypotension occurred. If
      althesin administration had been restricted to the high CFM and high ICP group,
      90% of the episodes of reduced CPP would have been avoided. In fact, when
      cortical electrical activity is already severely depressed, further
      administration of hypnotic anaesthetic agents produces only small reductions in
      ICP and usually a fall in CPP. These findings suggest that the minimum voltage of
      the CFM trace is a clinically useful guide to the administration of intravenous
      anaesthetic agents and offers a relevant prediction of their effects on CPP.

PMID- 3361022
TI  - Dexamethasone therapy and endogenous cortisol production in severe pediatric head
      injury.
AB  - A prospective randomised study was performed on 25 children aged 1.4 to 15.8
      years with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale less than or equal to 7) to
      determine the clinical effectiveness and the impact on endogenous cortisol
      production of high-dose steroid therapy. Thirteen patients (group 1) received
      dexamethasone 1 mg/kg/day during the first 3 days and 12 (group 2) not. All
      patients were treated with a standardized regimen. Urinary free cortisol was
      measured by radioimmunoassay, and the clinical data were recorded at hourly
      intervals. Outcome was assessed 6 months later using the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
      We found a higher frequency of bacterial pneumonias in the dexamethasone-treated
      patients (7/13 versus 2/12). Group 1 showed a suppression of endogenous cortisol
      production from day 1 to day 6. In group 2, mean free cortisol was up to 5-fold
      higher than under basal conditions. The results in group 2 showed that the
      endogenous steroid production reacts adequately to the stress of severe head
      injury. It probably is sufficient to elicit maximum glucocorticoid effects. There
      was no other statistically significant difference in the clinical and laboratory
      data between the two groups. We conclude that dexamethasone in high doses
      suppresses endogenous cortisol production up to 6 days and may increase the risk
      of bacterial infection without affecting the outcome or the clinical and
      laboratory data.

PMID- 3361021
TI  - The microbiologic risk of invasive haemodynamic monitoring in open-heart patients
      requiring prolonged ICU treatment.
AB  - The microbiologic risk of invasive haemodynamic monitoring and support was
      prospectively studied in 48 patients undergoing open-heart surgery under
      antibiotic prophylaxis and requiring intensive care for longer than 4 days. A
      total of 420 catheter tips were cultured of which 12 (2.9%) were positive. The
      incidence of positive catheter tip cultures was as follows: intravenous 1.8%,
      central venous 1.2%, arterial 1.8%, pulmonary arterial 5.9%, direct right atrial
      2.4%, direct left atrial 0% and intra-aortic balloon pump catheters 7.7%. The
      rate of positive tip cultures was not significantly different for percutaneously
      and surgically inserted catheters (3.1% and 1.7% respectively). One (0.2%)
      catheter was associated with bacteraemia. Although the overall positive catheter
      tip culture rate was low, 21% of the patients had one or more positive catheter
      tip cultures. Complicated surgical procedures, a cardiopulmonary bypass time
      longer than 3.5 h, mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, intensive care
      stay longer than 10 days, positive blood cultures and the use of more than 20
      catheters were all individually associated with a significantly higher incidence
      of patients with positive tip cultures. Nevertheless, no patient developed
      endocarditis nor major morbidity related to the positive catheter tip cultures.
      Invasive haemodynamic monitoring does not seem to be an important microbiologic
      risk in open-heart patients requiring intensive care for longer than 4 days.

PMID- 3361023
TI  - Postpartum headache, seizures and bloodstained C.S.F.: a possible complication of
      dural puncture?
AB  - A 32-year-old parturient developed severe headache with subsequent convulsions on
      the third day after the delivery under epidural anesthesia. Neuroradiological
      investigations were negative. All complaints disappeared promptly after the
      performance of an epidural blood patch.

PMID- 3361024
TI  - A letter from Boston.

PMID- 3361025
TI  - Assessment of diaphragmatic function in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 3361026
TI  - Dyadic peer interaction and task orientation in attention-deficit-disordered
      children.
AB  - A sequential observational approach was used to compare peer interactions in 10
      mixed dyads of ADD-H and non-Add-H boys and 10 dyads of non-ADD-H boys in
      laboratory cooperative and school classroom task analogue activities. Mixed dyads
      were found to have a greater frequency of aggression and less joint activity than
      control dyads in specific situations. No differences were found for measures of
      functional attention as measured by frequency, duration, and mean duration of
      task-oriented behavior. Lag sequential analyses revealed two major sequences that
      differentiated mixed from normal dyads. These were Verbal Reciprocity (a measure
      of reciprocal verbal interaction) and Retreat (a measure of social withdrawal
      following aggression).

PMID- 3361027
TI  - Self-image of emotionally disturbed adolescents.
AB  - This study examined the ways in which normal, depressed, and conduct-disordered
      adolescents differ with regard to self-image. Normal and psychiatrically
      hospitalized adolescents completed the Offer Self Image Questionnaire for
      Adolescents (OSIQ). Patients were grouped on the basis of their DSM-III
      diagnoses, and their OSIQ scores were compared. Major depressive disorder,
      particularly the first episode, was associated with poor self-evaluation in
      multiple areas, while conduct disorder was associated with almost no specific
      self-image deficits. For younger (12- to 15-year-old) adolescents, a repeated
      episode of depression was associated with a poorer self-image than was a
      diagnosis of dysthymic disorder or atypical depression, but a better self-image
      than a single episode of depression, suggesting that at this age, repeated
      episodes are met with internal adaptation rather than continued self-devaluation.
      Adolescents who received a diagnosis of both conduct disorder and major
      depression reported an overall level of self-image disturbance between those with
      either of these disorders alone, suggesting that acting-out behaviors may
      attenuate the self-devaluing experience of depression. Results are discussed in
      terms of current issues in adolescent development and developmental
      psychopathology.

PMID- 3361028
TI  - Psychopathology in children of parents with recurrent depression.
AB  - We examined the prevalence of psychopathology in children of parents with
      recurrent major depression (n = 61) and children of normal control parents (n =
      46). Rates of psychopathology in the children of depressed parents were
      consistently higher when compared either with the control children or with rates
      of disorder reported for nonclinically referred children from other studies.
      Forty-one percent of high-risk children met criteria for at least one psychiatric
      disorder compared with 15% of low-risk children. Significant differences between
      groups were found for affective disorders and attention deficit disorder, and a
      nonsignificant trend was noted for anxiety disorder, all of which were more
      prevalent in the children of depressed parents.

PMID- 3361029
TI  - The social behavior of depressed children: an observational study.
AB  - Few investigations have examined directly the psychosocial functioning of
      depressed children. In the present study, 20 depressed and 20 nondepressed fourth
      and fifth-grade children were observed in free play during their recess period
      at school, and their self-perceptions were assessed in subsequent individual
      sessions. The 10 boys and 10 girls in each group were selected according to their
      scores on both the Child Depression Inventory and the Peer Nomination Inventory
      of Depression. Analyses conducted on the eight categories of behavioral
      observations revealed significant differences between the social behavior of the
      depressed and the nondepressed children. Although the depressed children made
      more overtures for social contact than did the nondepressed children and were
      approached by other children more frequently, they spent more time alone and
      engaged in a higher frequency of negative interactions with their peers.
      Consistent with these results, the depressed children's responses to the Self
      Perception Profile for Children indicated that they experienced themselves as
      less socially competent in general, as well as less competent across several
      specific domains of functioning. These findings are discussed as they relate to
      developmental processes, theories of adult depression, and recent studies on
      socially isolated children, and directions for future research in this area are
      offered.

PMID- 3361030
TI  - Association between anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with
      anxiety disorders.
AB  - The relationship between anxiety and depression was examined in a sample of 106
      children and adolescents referred to an outpatient anxiety disorder clinic for
      children. Twenty-eight percent of patients with DSM-III diagnoses of anxiety
      disorders displayed a concurrent major depression. Children with anxiety
      disorders plus major depression were found (1) to be older, (2) to demonstrate
      more severe anxiety symptomatology, and (3) to be diagnosed with different rates
      of certain anxiety-disorder subtypes, when compared to anxious patients without
      major depression. Nondepressed anxious children and adolescents did not differ
      from a psychopathological control group in severity of either anxiety or
      depression symptoms.

PMID- 3361031
TI  - Social communication patterns of attention-deficit-disordered boys.
AB  - This study was designed to compare the social communication patterns of attention
      deficit-disordered (ADD) and normal boys. This was accomplished by employing a
      "TV Talk Show" social role-playing procedure in which the task required different
      strategies for the roles of "host" and "guest." Groups of ADD and normal
      elementary-age boys were formed, and each boy was paired with a normal class
      mate. Measures of communication competence were coded from videotapes made of
      subject and partner social interactions while performing both roles. Results
      indicated that the ADD boys, in contrast to the control group, failed to modulate
      their social communication behaviors as task demands shifted. Additionally, the
      behavior of the ADD boys resulted in their normal partners' altering their
      response patterns in order to maintain the equilibrium in the dyadic interaction.
      These results suggest that the social behavior of ADD children is relatively
      independent of environmental requirements and may contribute to the inappropriate
      responding of others.

PMID- 3361032
TI  - The Children's Depression Adjective Check lists (C-DACL) with emotionally
      disturbed adolescent boys.
AB  - In this study of the reliability and validity of the Children's Depression
      Adjective Check Lists (C-DACL; Brewer & Lubin, 1987) with emotionally disturbed
      adolescent boys (N = 50), data were collected on two occasions. Internal
      consistency (alpha) was .89 and .94 for form H and .89 and .95 for form I.
      Alternate form reliabilities were .86 and .95. Split-half reliabilities were .80
      and .89 for form H and .68 and .86 for form I. Concurrent validity was determined
      by correlations between C-DACL and the Self-Rating Scale of Depressed Mood.
      Correlations were .65 and .80 for H and .54 and .80 for I. Data from the present
      study were tested against data from emotionally disturbed adolescent girls
      (Sokoloff & Lubin, 1983), with boys scoring significantly lower on both forms (H
      and I) of the C-DACL.

PMID- 3361033
TI  - The mediating effect of age on the relationship between Child Behavior Checklist
      hyperactivity scores and neuropsychological test performance.
AB  - The relationship between hyperactivity and neuropsychological test performance at
      different age levels was examined. It was found that for young children (6 to 8
      years of age, n = 90), there was no significant association between
      hyperactivity/attentional problems (as measured by the Hyperactivity scale of the
      Child Behavior Checklist) and performance on neuropsychological tasks thought to
      contain an attentional component (WISC-R Coding, Arithmetic, and Digit Span; WRAT
      Arithmetic; and the Benton Visual Retention Test). However, for older children (9
      to 12 years of age, n = 92), there were significant and large negative
      correlations between CBC Hyperactivity scores and Coding, WRAT Arithmetic, and
      Benton VRT scores. Multiple regression analyses supported the above results (for
      Coding and WRAT Arithmetic), indicating that hyperactivity/inattention has a
      particularly deleterious effect on test performance (relative to same-age peers)
      as age increases.

PMID- 3361034
TI  - Generalized dysfunction in clinic and nonclinic families: a comparative analysis.
AB  - This study examined the relationship of self-reported marital distress to
      parental descriptions of emotional or behavioral disturbance of their children
      using two multidimensional measures of relationship satisfaction and personality
      functioning in children and adolescents. Data were collected from three
      independent samples of couples in marital therapy, parents of psychiatrically
      hospitalized children or adolescents, and nonclinic couples from the general
      population. Using a split-half cross-validation procedure, parents' reports of
      their children's emotional or behavioral difficulties were consistently and
      positively related to their descriptions of dissatisfaction with the parent-child
      relationship and with reports of spousal conflict over childrearing, but not with
      measures of global marital distress or spousal conflict in areas not related to
      childrearing. Discrepancies in spouses' descriptions of their marriage or child
      were unrelated to individual measures of relationship functioning or
      child/adolescent psychopathology. Implications for clinical assessment and future
      research are discussed.

PMID- 3361035
TI  - Serial ultraviolet B exposure and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D response in young
      adult American blacks and whites: no racial differences.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that repeated whole body suberythemal ultraviolet B
      (UVB) exposure would result in less increase of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD)
      concentrations in black compared with white young adults with no significant
      change or racial differences in serum calciotropic hormones concentrations.
      Thirteen white and 7 black adults ranging from 22 to 35 years of age were
      submitted to sequential total body suberythemal doses of UVB (280-315 nm)
      biweekly for 6 weeks. Initial UVB dose was 5% below the minimal erythemal dose
      for the most sensitive skin, followed by 10% increase per exposure for 4 weeks.
      Blood samples were drawn weekly. Baseline 25OHD concentrations were significantly
      lower in blacks compared to whites, but the increases in serum 25OHD
      concentrations were similar in both groups; there were no significant differences
      by sex or age. Serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] concentrations
      paralleled the serum 250HD response. Mean serum calcium (total and ionized),
      magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D binding protein, C-terminal
      parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], and
      osteocalcin concentrations did not differ between blacks and whites at any time.
      The ratio of the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D to 25OHD in their serum was
      initially higher in blacks compared to whites (p less than 0.0001); the ratios
      decreased to levels similar to whites by the third UVB exposure. We conclude
      that, in blacks and whites, sequential suberythemal UVB exposure produces similar
      elevations of serum 25OHD concentrations and unchanged calciotropic hormones
      concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361037
TI  - Acute effects of a zinc supplement taken before a glucose load.
AB  - Observations from animal studies suggest that individuals who consume oral zinc
      supplements may show elevations in blood glucose. To examine whether this effect
      occurs in humans, we conducted glucose and zinc tolerance tests on eight adult
      women volunteers. All eight volunteers were subjected to two test conditions: (a)
      ingestion of 50 g D-glucose and (b) ingestion of 110 mg ZnSO4.7H2O followed 60
      minutes later by ingestion of 50 g D-glucose. Two subjects also ingested 110 mg
      ZnSO4.7H20 without glucose. Blood samples were drawn before and 15, 30, 45, 60,
      90 and 120 minutes following consumption of the glucose solutions, and were
      analyzed for glucose and zinc content. Our results did not indicate significantly
      altered glucose tolerance in response to the acute elevation of plasma zinc.
      These preliminary data suggest that increasing plasma zinc prior to elevating
      blood glucose does not alter the rate of glucose removal from circulation or the
      area under the glucose curve in normal individuals.

PMID- 3361036
TI  - Nutrient supplement use by healthy elderly.
AB  - As part of a nutritional status survey of 691 non-institutionalized men and women
      aged 60 years and older, supplement use was reported by 45% of the males and 55%
      of the females. Supplement use was more prevalent in females than males at each
      age decade. Vitamins C and E were the most commonly used supplements. Mean
      dietary nutrient intakes were calculated from a 3-day food diary. The percentage
      of dietary intakes falling below 2/3 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) was
      comparable for users and non-users of supplements. Use of supplements markedly
      decreased the proportion of subjects with inadequate nutrient intake (using a 2/3
      RDA criterion), particularly for vitamins B6, B12, and D, folic acid, and
      calcium. However, for both males and females, potentially excessive intake levels
      (10 times the RDA) of thiamin, vitamin A, and vitamin E supplementation were
      observed.

PMID- 3361038
TI  - A simplified system for collecting 24-hour urine samples.
AB  - A system is described for collecting small aliquots of each voiding. A pool of
      these samples is returned to the laboratory for calculation of the 24-hr urine
      volume and for chemical analysis. The components of the system are reusable so
      that the cost per collection is likely to be less than that of cumbersome large
      bottles.

PMID- 3361039
TI  - Gynecologic-obstetric changes after loss of massive excess weight following
      bariatric surgery.
AB  - A clinical study was undertaken to assess gynecologic-obstetric changes in
      morbidly obese women who lost greater than or equal to 50% of their excess weight
      with bariatric surgery. The 138 females (109 of reproductive age), age 35 +/- 9
      SD yr, weighed 124 +/- 23 kg before surgery and 79 +/- 13 kg after weight loss
      had stabilized. Menstrual irregularities were present in 40.4% of premenopausal
      patients preoperatively; after massive weight loss, cycles were abnormal in 4.6%
      (p less than 0.001). Infertility problems were present preoperatively in 29.3% Of
      these, nine tried to conceive after weight loss and were successful. During past
      pregnancies, medical complications were frequent (hypertension 26.7%, pre
      eclampsia 12.8%, diabetes 7.0%, and deep vein thrombosis 7.0%). After weight-loss
      stabilization, these obstetric complications did not occur. Incidence of urinary
      stress incontinence decreased from 61.2% to 11.6% (p less than 0.001).
      Gynecologic-obstetric changes tended to normalize after loss of massive body
      weight.

PMID- 3361040
TI  - The effect of income on selenium intake and status in Utah County, Utah.
AB  - Foodstuffs produced and/or purchased locally were analyzed for Se. The effect of
      income and gender on Se intake and status of Utah County residents was evaluated
      by measurement of the following indicators: erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma Se
      concentration, and activity of Se-glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) (EC
      1.11.1.9) in RBCs, platelets, and plasma. A Random Digit Dialing procedure was
      employed to stratify subjects according to gender and annual family income (less
      than +10,000, +10,000-20,000, greater than +20,000) in a 2 x 3 factorial design,
      seven subjects per cell. The weekly consumption of 44 foods shown to contribute
      over 90% of the Se intake of U.S. subjects was recorded for each study
      participant. The estimated minimum daily intake for this sample was 76.0 +/- 4.5
      micrograms Se/day (mean +/- SEM). Available grain products are not produced
      locally, and their Se content is lower than average values reported by the
      U.S.D.A. Locally produced meat and dairy products had higher than average Se
      contents. In spite of lower grain Se and higher meat Se concentrations, subjects
      in this study derived more Se from grain and dairy products, and less from meat
      products than did subjects in a nationwide sample. The Se status of Utah County
      residents is similar to several other populations in the United States. There
      were no significant differences in Se status or intake due to gender or income.
      The results suggest that consumption of other foods produced in a "high Se" area
      can maintain Se intake and status in spite of reduced consumption of meat
      products generally viewed as more reliable sources of dietary Se.

PMID- 3361041
TI  - Conflicting attitudes toward euthanasia for severely demented patients of health
      care professionals in Sweden.
AB  - This survey study of 1,798 Swedish health care workers in 31 acute and chronic
      institutional settings found considerable disagreement between staff concerning
      euthanasia. For example, attitudes of aides and LPNs, were significantly (chi 2 =
      42.0, P less than .0001) more favorable toward active euthanasia (38.9% of aides
      and 28.8% of LPNs were neutral or approved) than were RNs and physicians (20% and
      14.9%). This disagreement was most apparent among those staff in institutions
      with many demented patients. Favorable attitudes were also more frequent among
      aides experiencing job dissatisfaction and "burnout," younger staff, and those
      without a relative in long-term care. Possible reasons for favorable attitudes
      toward active euthanasia and staff attitude polarization are discussed along with
      implications for patient care.

PMID- 3361042
TI  - The CAMDEX: a standardized instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the
      elderly: a replication with a US sample.
AB  - The Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) was developed
      by Roth, et al (1986) to assist in the early diagnosis and measurement of
      dementia in the elderly. In this study the CAMDEX was administered to a mixed
      group of independently diagnosed elderly psychiatric patients and control
      subjects in the United States. The CAMDEX was found to have a high interrater
      reliability with a mixed group of clinicians of varying backgrounds. The
      diagnostic scales and the cognitive section of the CAMDEX demonstrated
      considerable promise in distinguishing between independently diagnosed
      populations of depressed, demented, and normal subjects. The results suggest
      comparability between samples of subjects in England and the US, and that the
      CAMDEX is a promising instrument for use in both research and clinical settings.

PMID- 3361043
TI  - Why elderly patients refuse hospitalization.
AB  - To identify important factors in the refusal of hospitalization by elderly
      patients, a study was conducted of 35 such "refusers" on the Home Medical Service
      (HMS) of University Hospital and a comparison group of 70 patients who accepted
      hospitalization. Data were collected from health care providers and patient
      records at entry and six weeks later. The two groups were compared on the basis
      of demographic factors, health care factors, medical condition, and outcomes.
      Reasons for refusal were most commonly related to a negative perception of the
      health care system or a passive acceptance of death. Refusers were significantly
      less ill than acceptors and did not change in health or functional status at
      follow-up. The results suggest that refusal of hospitalization is most often
      related to interaction with the health care system and that less ill patients may
      have reasonable outcomes when treated at home.

PMID- 3361045
TI  - Hoarseness due to mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 3361044
TI  - Commonly used methods of estimating creatinine clearance are inadequate for
      elderly debilitated nursing home patients.
AB  - We evaluated the Jelliffe and the Cockcroft and Gault methods of estimating
      creatinine clearance in elderly nursing home patients (65 years) with chronic
      indwelling urethral catheters. Although these relationships have been
      prospectively validated in hospitalized and ambulatory populations previously, we
      found that they produced poor estimates of creatinine clearance in this patient
      group. For the Jelliffe method, 11 of 19 estimates were 20% or greater from the
      measured value; 10 of 11 poor estimates were high. The Cockcroft-Gault method had
      10 of 19 estimates 20% or greater from the measured value with 8 of 10 of the
      poor estimates being high. An altered relationship between body weight, muscle
      mass, and daily creatinine production is the most likely explanation for the bias
      in these creatinine-clearance estimations. New estimates of the relationships
      between age, weight, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance need to be
      developed for this population.

PMID- 3361046
TI  - Pressure sore volume measurement. A technique to document and record wound
      healing.

PMID- 3361047
TI  - New Jersey's Supreme Court "deregulates" right-to-die cases.

PMID- 3361049
TI  - Are elderly volunteers normal?

PMID- 3361048
TI  - Acute renal failure associated with diclofenac treatment in an elderly woman.

PMID- 3361050
TI  - Dominant inheritance of Stargardt's disease.
AB  - Ten members of an extended family have come to the Indiana University (IU)
      Optometry Clinic in Indianapolis for low vision services. All 10 individuals had
      lost vision as the result of a juvenile onset hereditary macular degeneration.
      The funds appearance consisted of an atrophic macular degeneration surrounded by
      the characteristic yellowish flecks of Stargardt's disease. A study of the family
      tree revealed a clearly dominant mode of inheritance, whereas Stargardt's disease
      has traditionally been considered a recessive trait. We are presenting this
      family study as an unusual instance of dominant inheritance of Stargardt's
      disease.

PMID- 3361051
TI  - Wilson's disease.
AB  - The following case involves a young man initially diagnosed as having a mental
      disorder. Confirmation of Kayser-Fleischer rings on the cornea greatly assisted
      in the final diagnosis of Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).

PMID- 3361052
TI  - Systemic drug profiles in adult optometric outpatients.
AB  - Systemic drug profiles of adult patients seen in an optometric outpatient setting
      were determined. The sample consisted of 502 subjects, of whom 214 were taking
      known medication, 267 were not taking drugs, and 21 subjects were taking
      unidentified medication. The most frequently used drugs and drug groups were
      identified and compared to a 1986 national survey that ranked the most frequently
      prescribed systemic medications. Drug distribution by age, sex, and race of the
      22 most frequently prescribed drugs was determined. Implications for the
      ophthalmic practitioner are discussed.

PMID- 3361053
TI  - Pediatric ocular phthiriasis infestation.
AB  - Although pubic lice infestation of ocular regions is relatively uncommon, the
      optometrist needs to be aware of the diagnosis and treatment of louse-infested
      patients. A case report of ocular phthiriasis is presented along with a
      discussion of its etiology, clinical diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3361054
TI  - Reliability and validity of the dot visual acuity test.
AB  - The reliability of the dot visual acuity test (DVAT) was demonstrated using the
      test-retest method. The test, however, was not found to be valid when comparing
      it with the Sjogren test. Since the DVAT has previously been shown to be valid
      when compared to the Tumble E test, these results bring into question the
      validity of the Sjogren test when compared to the Tumble E test.

PMID- 3361056
TI  - Keeping the practice in the family.
AB  - Congress eased the bite of gift and estate taxes but complying with federal rules
      and regulations is an often complex and frustrating process. However, close
      adherence to the rules and a search for so-called "loopholes" can be quite
      rewarding for the optometrist's family and heirs. Professional assistance is
      required in this area but this paper presents an overview of basic tax provisions
      and estate-planning strategies, and offers hints for overcoming a few of the
      potentially troublesome pitfalls created by the law.

PMID- 3361055
TI  - Management of monocular polyopia using an artificial iris contact lens.
AB  - Monocular polyopia is a relatively uncommon symptom reported to the ophthalmic
      practitioner. The specific etiology can be difficult to ascertain and management
      options may be unsatisfactory to both patient and clinician. A case is presented
      of a low vision patient with monocular polyopia secondary to lenticular changes.
      The patient was successfully managed with an opaque, artificial iris soft contact
      lens.

PMID- 3361058
TI  - What is your image?

PMID- 3361059
TI  - Anisometropia following radial keratotomy.

PMID- 3361057
TI  - Welcome to the real world.

PMID- 3361060
TI  - Vision therapy.

PMID- 3361061
TI  - Vision screening.

PMID- 3361062
TI  - A comparison of academic performance of female and male optometry students at the
      University of Missouri-St. Louis.
AB  - The number of women entering optometry has risen steadily over the last 2
      decades. The present study compares the academic performance of male and female
      optometry students in the 1984 through 1986 graduating classes at the University
      of Missouri-St. Louis School of Optometry. The female students had higher grade
      point averages upon entering optometry school than their male colleagues although
      they performed less well than the males on the Optometry College Admissions Test
      (OCAT) examination. An analysis of optometry grade point averages, class rank and
      honors received at graduation demonstrated that the women performed at least as
      well academically as their male counterparts.

PMID- 3361063
TI  - Writing about psychoanalysis: I. Analysts who write and those who do not.
AB  - This study of analysts' writing consists of two parts. In the following paper, I
      describe the difficulties facing the practicing analyst who wishes to lecture and
      publish his findings and ideas, whether or not he intends to cite clinical
      examples. I make some suggestions directed toward overcoming those (largely
      internal) obstacles. In a second paper, I shall discuss a special problem,
      concern over how our lecturing or publishing affects the analytic progress of our
      patients, especially with respect to analysis of the transference.

PMID- 3361064
TI  - On working through: a model from artificial intelligence.
AB  - Working through is centrally important to clinical psychoanalysis. It is
      inadequately explained in analytic theory. An artificial intelligence model of
      the process is proposed. Models of problem solving show that the complexity of
      necessary computation is an important determinant of how a problem is solved. Not
      optimal, but only good enough solutions are usually found. The quality of
      solutions depends on the time and resources available. Generally it is far easier
      to use existing methods than to develop new approaches. When problems must be
      solved in an emergency fashion, as in trauma, poor solutions are likely to
      emerge. In studying the annealing of metals and other complex optimization
      problems, a process, the Boltzman algorithm, was discovered, which continues the
      search for better solutions while gradually developing a coherent structure of
      the overall solution. The algorithm provides a model both for psychoanalytic
      working through and for the normally ongoing process of psychological development
      and reworking whose deficiency is characteristic of much psychopathology. Working
      through in the analytic situation is the reactivation of this normal process, and
      a good analytic outcome is achieved when the process can continue without the
      analyst. Properties of the Boltzman algorithm clarify such concepts as "optimal"
      frustration and anxiety which correspond to working in the area where the stable
      but not rigid structures emerge in the algorithms operation. These studies are an
      example of how computer science and artificial intelligence are a potentially
      rich source for psychoanalytic theory.

PMID- 3361065
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: theory and therapy--a new look at an old problem. Panel
      reports.

PMID- 3361066
TI  - Compulsive eating: obesity and related phenomena. Panel report.

PMID- 3361067
TI  - Fantasy or structural defect? The borderline dilemma as viewed from analysis of
      an experience of nonhumanness.
AB  - The experience of nonhumanness, a crucial aspect of the phenomenal self of
      borderline states, is studied in two cases to test assumptions concerning the
      application of the classic ego-psychological or object-relations and self
      psychological models. Are these experiences to be seen as fantasy and treated as
      manifest content, with dynamically active unconscious conflict and meaning,
      requiring interpretation, or as a developmental arrest in which structural
      disturbances are ameliorated through clarifying and empathic interventions? The
      first case is of a patient with a neurotic depression and hysterical and
      obsessional character traits, treated in a classic psychoanalysis. Even though
      dyadic oral and anal fantasies were strongly in evidence, the ego was well
      integrated. The second case is of a severe borderline patient who showed
      depressive panic and agoraphobia. Her major ego disturbances, poorly integrated
      and differentiated self- and object representations, and primitive defenses
      prevented effective psychoanalytically oriented treatment. Interventions were
      used to consolidate self-representations, internalize tension-regulating
      structures, promote adaptive ego functions and reality testing. These
      clarifications were necessary to move the patient to where she could tolerate
      facing unconscious dynamic conflicts. Only at that point could repression be
      lifted, memory emerge, and interpretation be utilized.

PMID- 3361068
TI  - Use of audiotape recording in impasses with severely disturbed patients.
AB  - The psychoanalytically oriented treatment of patients with severe personality
      disorders is characterized by impasses and by efforts to resolve them. Patient
      audiotape recording and review of sessions can be a particularly useful technical
      parameter in such situations. When judiciously employed, it is unusual, if not
      unique, in that it selectively amplifies the power of traditional elements of
      technique as well as some of the constructive elements of the analytic process
      itself, while reducing the power of some of the destructive elements of the
      transference. Indications for using this parameter are discussed, case
      illustrations presented, and hypotheses advanced about its mode of action. No
      single element of technique is responsible for the success or failure of
      analysis. The most that can be expected of tape recording is that it help break
      up the treatment log jam and facilitate further work.

PMID- 3361069
TI  - Transference across gender lines.
AB  - Four clinical examples of oedipal-based transference across gender lines are
      presented with the aim of illustrating (1) its existence, (2) the defenses
      against its emergence, and (3) the use of the analyst's gender as both an
      organizer of and resistance to certain transference manifestations. Factors that
      contribute to the availability for analysis of cross-gender transference are
      discussed, as are the resistances and other obstacles to its actualization.

PMID- 3361070
TI  - Chlorphentermine suppresses the phosphatidylinositol pathway in concanavalin A
      activated mouse splenic lymphocytes.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that the chlorphentermine (CP)1-induced
      impairment in lymphocyte blastogenesis involves drug-induced inhibition of an
      event which occurs very early during lymphocyte activation. An early event, which
      is associated with mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation, involves the hydrolysis
      of phosphatidylinositol by phospholipase C to yield inositol phosphates and
      diacylglycerol as products. Inositol phosphates and diacylglycerol then function
      as mediators of a trans-membrane signal for the continuation of the cellular
      response. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the effects of CP
      on this phosphatidylinositol pathway. We demonstrated that formation of inositol
      phosphates in lymphocytes increases progressively above control over a 2 hour
      period following concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulation. In contrast, lymphocytes pre
      incubated with 10(-5)M CP for 60 min, then stimulated with Con A for 2 hours in
      the presence of 10(-5)M CP, exhibit a significantly depressed inositol phosphate
      formation. In addition, CP also inhibited the activity of phospholipase C (IC50 =
      0.58 mM), the enzyme responsible for the formation of inositol phosphates during
      lymphocyte activation. Further, lymphocytes activated in a manner that bypasses
      the phosphatidylinositol pathway are not inhibited by 10(-7)M or 10(-9)M CP as
      are cells activated with Con A. These results suggest that the suppression of the
      phosphatidylinositol pathway may be involved in the inhibition by CP of
      lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by Con A.

PMID- 3361071
TI  - Therapeutic effect of OK-432 induced endogenous TNF on tumor bearing mice and
      cancer patients.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of OK-432 induced endogenous TNF on tumor bearing mice and
      cancer patients was investigated. OK-432 (10 KE/mouse) was administered
      intraperitoneally to Balb/c mice 7 days prior to the transplantation of Meth A
      cells (1 x 10(6)/mouse) into the abdominal cavity. And at day 1 of tumor
      inoculation, 1 KE/mouse of OK-432 was administered intraperitoneally. The
      significant prolongation of life span was observed in these mice. On the basis of
      these observation, therapeutic effect of endogenous TNF on cancer patients was
      clinically evaluated. OK-432 was administered intraperitoneally or intrapleurally
      to cancer patients with peritonitis carcinomatosa or pleuritis carcinomatosa 4
      times (10KE each) every other day and 50KE of OK-432 was readministered with the
      interval of 7 days. An appreciable activity of TNF was detected in peritoneal
      fluids or pleural effusion, and the significant decreasing of these fluids was
      observed. It is therefore concluded that these therapeutic approach may well be
      taken into account in treatment of cancer.

PMID- 3361072
TI  - Increase of natural killer activity of mouse lymphocytes following in vitro and
      in vivo treatment with lithium.
AB  - The in vivo and in vitro influence of lithium lactate on mouse natural killer
      activity was investigated. In vitro exposure of effector-target mixture to graded
      concentrations of lithium did not substantially modify the natural killer
      activity of mouse splenocytes, untreated or pretreated with cyclophosphamide.
      However in vitro treatment of effector splenocytes increased the frequency of NK
      percursor cells. The in vivo treatment with lithium lactate greatly increased the
      natural killer activity in intact mice, whereas it did not improve this cytotoxic
      function in host immunodepressed by cyclophosphamide. These data suggest that
      lithium salts produce a modulation of natural killer activity of mouse spleen
      cells, probably through a mechanism involving the increase of the number of NK
      precursors in hosts not subjected to cytotoxic chemotherapy.

PMID- 3361073
TI  - Effect of anticalmodulin drugs on testosterone synthesis in hCG stimulated mouse
      Leydig cells.
AB  - The effect of three anticalmodulin drugs, prepared in this laboratory and a
      commercially available drug Mastoparan, was tested on the secretion (or
      synthesis) of testosterone in hCG stimulated Leydig cells. The results of the use
      of drugs RN-IV A, RN-IV B and RN-IV C indicated that hCG (10 ng/ml), DbcAMP (0.1
      mM) and cholera toxin (2 micrograms/ml)-stimulated testosterone production was
      inhibited in Leydig cells in a dose dependent manner. In hCG stimulated cells,
      the ID50 for drug RN-IV A was 2 microM, for drug RN-IV B was 25 microM and for
      drug RN-IV C was 130 microM. Based on ID50 the most effective drug was RN-IV A.
      Maximum inhibition of testosterone production was obtained at a concentration of
      20 microM for drug RN-IV A, 150 microM for drug RN-IV B and 200 microM for drug
      RN-IV C. Further extensive experiments with drug RN-IV B showed that (a) at 100
      microM concentration the drug does not impair the binding of receptor with 125I
      hCG, (b) the cAMP accumulation was prevented in a dose dependent manner reaching
      a minimal of 1.1 pM at 50 microM, compared with 3.5 pM in hCG (10 ng/ml)
      stimulated cells. The drug RN-IV B at a concentration of 100 microM, which failed
      to prevent conversion of exogenous pregnenolone or progesterone to testosterone,
      otherwise caused complete inhibition of testosterone production in hCG stimulated
      cells. Mastoparan also inhibited testosterone production in hCG stimulated cells
      in a dose dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361074
TI  - The application of an immunoradiometric assay of plasma thyrotropin (TSH-IRMA) in
      molar pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma thyrotropin was measured by immunoradiometric assay (TSH-IRMA, "Sucrosep",
      Boots Celltech) in three patients with molar pregnancy. Two patients were
      hyperthyroid (increased plasma concentrations of FT4, FT4 index, and FT3 index),
      one patient was euthyroid (normal free thyroid hormone concentrations). TSH-IRMA
      values were below the detection limit (less than 0.1 mU/L) in the two
      hyperthyroid patients; the euthyroid patient had a TSH-IRMA value of 0.8 mU/L,
      within the reference range of normal subjects (0.5-3.3 mU/L). In vitro
      experiments demonstrated interference of the grossly elevated hCG levels in the
      TSH-IRMA, resulting in lower values. The observed interference was independent of
      ambient TSH concentrations, but related to hCG levels. We conclude that despite
      interference of hCG in TSH-IRMA the clinical usefulness of TSH-IRMA as a first
      line test of thyroid function appears to be maintained in molar pregnancy.

PMID- 3361075
TI  - Effectiveness of a single injectable dose of bromocriptine long acting in the
      treatment of macroprolactinomas.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a new galenic
      injectable form of bromocriptine (Parlodel LA), characterized by sustained
      release of bromocriptine for 4-6 weeks, in 3 patients with prolactin-secreting
      macroadenomas through a 42-day follow-up. The following parameters were
      considered: decrease of plasma prolactin levels, reduction of tumor size studied
      by seriate CT scan controls and recovery of eventual visual fields impairments.
      Parlodel LA induced a sharp decrease of plasma prolactin levels for at least 42
      days, without reaching normal values. This treatment also caused a rapid and
      marked shrinkage of tumors in all patients. Moreover, in two patients with
      constriction of visual fields a clear and progressive improvement in one and only
      a slight amelioration in the other were observed. There were almost no side
      effects except for mild nausea in one patient and transient orthostatic in
      another. These results demonstrate that Parlodel LA produces a long-lasting
      reduction of plasma prolactin levels and a rapid shrinkage of the tumor with
      almost no side effects.

PMID- 3361076
TI  - Suppression of thyroglobulin secretion in amiodarone iodine-induced
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - A 41-year-old male patient developed amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis after 29
      months of treatment with amiodarone. Thyrotoxicosis was readily reversible after
      cessation of the drug and did not need specific thyrostatic treatment. In
      contrast to what was expected, thyroglobulin serum concentrations, that were
      normal during the first 2 yr of follow up, decreased drastically to undetectable
      levels during and after the thyrotoxic phase. Although no explanation can be
      offered for this phenomenon, it seems important to point out the fact that
      measurement of thyroglobulin is of only limited value in the diagnosis of thyroid
      dysfunction in patients treated with amiodarone. Low levels do not exclude
      thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3361077
TI  - Criteria for the cure of acromegaly: comparison between basal growth hormone and
      somatomedin C plasma concentrations in active and non-active acromegalic
      patients.
AB  - Fasting plasma growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C (SmC) levels were compared
      as criteria for the cure of acromegaly in 7 untreated and 16 treated acromegalic
      patients studied 1 to 16 yr after pituitary surgery and/or radiotherapy. The
      patients without active disease presented a significant correlation between GH
      and SmC. Only when basal GH was lower than 2.5 ng/ml were SmC values within the
      normal range. The subjects with active acromegaly (both treated and untreated)
      presenting GH higher than 5 ng/ml did not show any correlation between GH and SmC
      levels.

PMID- 3361078
TI  - The pineal gland-opioid system relation: melatonin-naloxone interactions in
      regulating GH and LH releases in man.
AB  - Several observations have demonstrated that the opioid system can modulate
      melatonin secretion from the pineal gland and that the effects of opioids may
      require a pineal participation. In contrast, the role played by the pineal gland
      in regulating the synthesis and secretion of endorphins and enkephalins in still
      obscure. To establish whether the neuroendocrine activity of melatonin are
      mediated by endogenous opioids and to demonstrate a possible action exerted by
      the pineal gland on opioid peptides, GH and LH serum mean levels were evaluated
      by RIA in 12 healthy subjects of both sexes after melatonin injection alone (0.4
      mg/kg bw im at 09:00 h) and on a separate occasion after a simultaneous
      administration of melatonin and naloxone (1.2 mg iv as a bolus, followed by an iv
      infusion of 1.6 mg/h for 3h). On an other occasion, the study was performed
      during saline or naloxone infusion alone. In each test, venous blood samples were
      collected at -20, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. A significant rise of GH was
      observed after melatonin injection alone. The simultaneous infusion of naloxone
      blocked melatonin-induced GH rise. Melatonin did not affected LH serum levels,
      while it was able to reduce LH increase induced by naloxone. These preliminary
      results suggest that some neuroendocrine effects of melatonin might be mediated
      by a modulation on the opioid tone.

PMID- 3361079
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma in thyrotoxic patients treated by surgery.
AB  - We report the incidence of thyroid cancer in a series of 1832 consecutive
      patients seen for thyrotoxicosis of any etiology during 1970 and 1985 in our
      department. Surgical treatment for thyrotoxicosis was selected as the treatment
      of choice in 179 patients (9.8%), 86 with toxic diffuse goiter (TDG), 21 with
      toxic nodular goiter (TNG) and 40 with toxic adenoma (TA). The presence of
      thyroid cancer was found in 11 patients for a total incidence of 6.1%. Six
      patients had TDG (percent incidence in this group 6.9%), 4 patients had TNG
      (7.5%) and 1 had TA (2.5%). While the presence of thyroid cancer was totally
      unsuspected in TNG and TA, in TDG 4 out of 6 patients found to have a cancer, had
      been suspected before surgery. When a thyroid nodule was present in a toxic
      diffuse goiter the possibility to face with a malignant lesion reached 22.2% of
      the cases (4 out of 18 cases), while only 2 out of 68 patients (2.9%) with TDG
      and no nodule had thyroid cancer. These results confirm recent other series
      reporting the frequent association of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer and
      suggest that in thyrotoxic patients any nodule must be screened carefully to rule
      out malignancy.

PMID- 3361080
TI  - Dissociated thyromimetic effects of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) at
      the pituitary and peripheral tissue levels.
AB  - Although TRIAC is bound at least twice as avidly to nuclear receptor as T3, its
      thyromimetic potency is relatively low and its effect at the pituitary level on
      thyrotropin (TSH) secretion seems to be dissociated from that at the peripheral
      tissue level. In order to gain further insight into the complex effects of this
      thyroid hormone analog, we studied the effects of long-term TRIAC administration
      (2.8 mg/day for 2 months) on TSH secretion, circulating free thyroid hormone (FT4
      and FT3) levels and some parameters able to evaluate the peripheral thyroid
      hormone action, in 5 mild obese subjects on low caloric diet (1200 kcal/day). The
      results were compared to those obtained in 5 mild obese subjects matched for age,
      sex and weight on low caloric diet alone. TRIAC administration completely
      inhibited the secretion of both basal and TRH-stimulated TSH in few days, and
      consequently serum FT4 and FT3 concentrations progressively dropped to very low
      levels, while no significant changes in both TSH and free thyroid hormone levels
      were recorded in the control group. The body weight significantly fell in both
      groups, without any difference between TRIAC treated and untreated patients. The
      heart rate was constant throughout the course of the study in both groups of
      patients. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid concentrations
      significantly decreased in both groups, and the decrement recorded in TRIAC
      treated patients was not significantly different from that found in patients on
      diet alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361081
TI  - Factitious transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia.
AB  - We report an infant with abnormally elevated levels of TSH determined in the
      Maryland State Laboratory for Neonatal Thyroid Screening, but normal levels in
      three other laboratories. The TSH level in the infant normalized by six months of
      age. The mother, who had a history of sarcoidosis, also had factitious
      hyperthyrotropinemia in the Maryland State Laboratory. Gel chromatography and
      ammonium sulfate precipitation of maternal serum demonstrated that the factor
      responsible for the factitious hyperthyrotropinemia was an immunoglobulin G.
      Maternal TSH levels in the Maryland State Laboratory were normalized by treatment
      of serum with polyethylene glycol. However, protein electrophoresis,
      immunoglobulin levels and immunofixation electrophoresis were all normal. We
      conclude that a subclass of immunoglobulins G, probably resulting from
      sarcoidosis, interfered with the precipitation of the TSH-antibody complex in the
      TSH radioimmunoassay of the Maryland State Laboratory.

PMID- 3361082
TI  - Patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases have antibodies to plasmid encoded
      proteins of enteropathogenic Yersinia.

PMID- 3361083
TI  - Comparison of complement fixation and radioassay techniques to detect solubilized
      human thyroid microsomal antigenic activity.
AB  - Although recently the human thyroid microsomal antigen (M-Ag) has been possibly
      identified as the thyroid peroxidase, its nature remained unknown over almost
      three decades. One of the difficulties encountered in the identification of M-Ag
      derived from the conflicting data obtained in the attempts to solubilize active
      antigenic material from thyroid subcellular fractions. In particular, following
      detergent treatment, M-Ag could not be detected by complement fixation, while a
      full recovery of the antigen has been observed using a radioassay technique. In
      the present investigation, the antigenic activity of Triton X-100 solubilized
      thyroid microsomes was assessed in parallel by complement fixation and radioassay
      methods employing the same anti-microsomal antibody (anti-M Ab) preparation for
      antigen detection. In untreated microsomes antigenic activity was detected by
      both methods. In contrast, detergent solubilized M-Ag was detected by radioassay,
      but could not be detected by complement fixation. These data indicate that
      detergent solubilization diminishes the complement fixing capacity of M-Ag, while
      the solubilized antigen can still be fully detected by its binding reaction with
      the autoantibody, and explain the discrepant results obtained in previous
      studies.

PMID- 3361084
TI  - Primary familial hypoparathyroidism with an autosomal dominant mode of
      inheritance.
AB  - A family with primary isolated hypoparathyroidism transmitted by an autosomal
      dominant gene was documented; the proband was a 38-year-old woman with a history
      of weakness and carpopedal spasm. The family study revealed that 6 out of 13
      members belonging to 3 generations were affected by hypoparathyroidism without
      any evidence of an autoimmune disease. Vertical male-to-male, female-to-female
      and female-to-male transmission were demonstrated. Having excluded the recessive
      form of familial hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, primary familial
      hypomagnesemia and any immunological disorder, the autosomal dominant inheritance
      seems to be the most important etiology of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 3361086
TI  - Impaired synergism of dexamethasone and IGF-I in cultures of aged fibroblasts.

PMID- 3361085
TI  - Thyroid function in patients with Pendred's syndrome.
AB  - Thyroid function was studied in 17 unrelated patients with Pendred's syndrome.
      Fourteen patients had been treated with L-thyroxine, which was withdrawn during
      the investigation. Eight of the patients had previously had a thyroid resection.
      Thirteen patients had goiter at the time of study. The serum total thyroxine and
      serum total triiodothyronine concentrations were normal in 8, of whom 3 had
      elevated serum TSH concentrations. In the remaining 9 cases the thyroxine levels
      were below normal with elevated TSH. Serum reverse triiodothyronine
      concentrations were decreased in 8 out of 11. Median serum thyroglobulin was 973
      micrograms/l (range 10.9-3200 micrograms/l) and increased in 13. Three patients
      had slightly positive thyroglobulin antibodies and one with normal level was
      thyrodectomized. Thyroid stimulating antibodies as measured by adenylate cyclase
      stimulation (median 114%, range 85-137%) were slightly increased in 11. When
      measured as TSH binding inhibiting immunoglobulins none were positive. Thyroid
      microsomal antibodies were negative in all. All patients with a detectable 131I
      uptake (n = 15) showed a pathological iodide perchlorate discharge test (median
      32%, range 16-46%). These findings indicate an organification defect with
      impaired hormone synthesis.

PMID- 3361087
TI  - Paternal age and its effects on reproduction in C57BL/6NNia mice.
AB  - The reproductive capabilities of 6- and 24-month-old C57BL/6NNia male mice were
      compared after being paired for one month with a 4-month-old proven-fertile
      female. All of the younger males mated, with 96% yielding a litter; only 42% of
      aged males mated, with 65% siring young. There were no statistical differences in
      the litter sizes, nor any congenital defects noted in offspring from either age
      group. There was no evidence of aneuploidy in 10-day-old embryos sired from males
      of either age group. Aged males that failed to mate had lower body weight, a
      lower hematocrit, hypertrophied adrenal glands and seminal vesicles, decreased
      fructose levels in seminal vesicle fluid, atrophied testes with fewer sperm that
      were less motile, lower testosterone levels, and a greater percentage of
      degenerating epithelium lining seminiferous tubules. The latter group of aged
      mice, while appearing and acting as vigorous as aged mice that had mated, may
      have been experiencing disease processes associated with aging which subsequently
      impaired reproduction.

PMID- 3361088
TI  - The medical evaluation of elderly patients with major depression.
AB  - Elderly patients hospitalized for management of major depression frequently have
      an extensive medical evaluation to determine if physical illness is masquerading
      as, or serving as the precipitating event for, the depression. The purpose of
      this study was to determine the incidence of newly discovered medical problems
      and the yield of various diagnostic modalities in such elderly depressed
      patients. Of 100 depressed geropsychiatric inpatients, the most frequent new
      diagnoses included: electrolyte abnormalities (6 patients), bacteriuria (13),
      medication reactions (7), exacerbation of previous thyroid disease (6), new
      thyroid function abnormalities (3), and renal failure, Parkinson's Disease, and
      chronic obstructive lung disease (2 each). One patient had a cerebellar
      hemangioblastoma, and 4 had acute illnesses. A workup including CBC, blood
      chemistries, urinalysis, and thyroid function tests frequently yielded abnormal
      results. When used as screening tests, head CT scanning, electroencephalography,
      and chest radiography did not affect management. We conclude that elderly
      depressed patients have a high prevalence of undiscovered physical illnesses, but
      that history, physical examination, and simple laboratory evaluation may be
      sufficient to guide their workups.

PMID- 3361089
TI  - In-hospital mortality as a function of body mass index: an age-dependent
      variable.
AB  - In a retrospective review of 8428 hospital admissions, the relationship between
      age, sex, disease category, body mass index, and mortality during hospitalization
      was examined. Records were analyzed for adult admissions whose principal
      diagnosis fell into one of three categories: malignant disease, heart and
      cerebrovascular disease, and other diseases. In this study, age, disease
      category, and body mass index were predictors of survival; sex and race were not.
      Predicted mortality calculated by logistic regression was greatest at the
      extremes of body weight in all age groups and in each disease category describing
      a U-shaped relationship. Obesity was associated with higher mortality only when
      subjects were 100% or more overweight, whereas being at or below ideal weight was
      usually associated with increased mortality. Lowest mortality occurred at
      moderate overweight. The deleterious effects of extremes of body weight take on
      increasing importance the older the age of the patient. Underweight seems to be a
      more important predictor of mortality than overweight in older hospitalized
      subjects. The higher mortality in thin patients could not be explained by weight
      loss between hospitalizations.

PMID- 3361091
TI  - Visual changes in daily life throughout adulthood.
AB  - A pair of surveys asked healthy adults about their everyday visual problems.
      Participants ranged in age from 18 to 100 and were screened for major visual
      impairment. Respondents rated the frequency of difficulty they had performing
      visual tasks such as reading, recognizing objects, picking out a face in a crowd,
      seeing in dimly lit environments, seeing moving objects, and so on. The surveys
      revealed five dimensions that declined with increasing age: visual processing
      speed, light sensitivity, dynamic vision, near vision, and visual search. The
      percentage of respondents reporting a decline in these visual dimensions
      increased two- to sixfold across the adult life span. Varying rates of visual
      decline for different tasks suggest that various aspects of vision age at
      different rates.

PMID- 3361090
TI  - Successful recruitment of elderly community-dwelling subjects for Alzheimer's
      disease research.
AB  - One hundred seventy-four healthy community-dwelling subjects were recruited for a
      research project investigating Sleep/EEG measures as biological markers for early
      stage Alzheimer's Disease (AD). All subjects were age 55 or older. The subjects
      were divided into four groups: 46 subjects were diagnosed as having mild,
      uncomplicated AD, 31 had memory problems but did not meet the research criteria
      for AD, 43 had uncomplicated major depressive disorder, and 54 were normal
      controls. Male depressives and mild AD subjects were the groups most difficult to
      recruit. The ratio of initial inquiries from potential subjects to final study
      participants in all groups combined was 9 to 1. Successful recruiting strategies
      for each study group are discussed. News announcements and referrals from other
      AD researchers accounted for the greater number of study participants.

PMID- 3361092
TI  - Taste acuity in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized elderly men.
AB  - Taste detection thresholds were determined in young men (18 to 25 years of age, n
      = 15), noninstitutionalized elderly men (63 to 88 years of age, n = 17), and
      institutionalized elderly men (61 to 92 years of age, n = 15). The technical
      procedure utilized a single blind format. The tastants were presented to the
      subjects in a multiple forced-choice sample presentation with an ascending
      series. Additional testing conditions included adequate oral hygiene, 10 ml of
      tastant, timed intervals, and deionized water rinses. The major findings were
      that sour, salt, and bitter thresholds increased with age. Sweet threshold did
      not change with age. The institutionalized elderly men had significantly higher
      sour detection thresholds when compared with the noninstitutionalized elderly
      men. The use of salt and tobacco had no apparent effect on detection thresholds
      for sweet, salt and bitter, but medication ingestion elevated the sour
      thresholds. Elderly subjects on antihypertensive medications had significantly
      higher salt detection thresholds.

PMID- 3361093
TI  - Effects of age and training on memory for pragmatic implications in advertising.
AB  - Young adults (M age = 20.19 years) and old adults (M age = 67.58 years) were
      tested for their immediate memory of implicit and explicit information in
      commercial advertising. All participants read advertising passages for various
      fictitious products and evaluated the truthfulness of test sentences that
      paraphrased the critical claims pragmatically implied or directly asserted in the
      ad. In addition, half of the participants in each age group received
      individualized training in making implication-assertion discriminations. For both
      types of ad forms (implied, asserted), young and old adults produced an
      equivalent number of truth ratings, suggesting that both age groups are equally
      likely to interpret implied information as directly asserted fact. Analysis of
      the training results indicated that old as well as young adults learned to
      discriminate successfully between implied and asserted ad claims, although
      training had only a small effect on the participants' tendency to draw
      unwarranted inferences.

PMID- 3361094
TI  - Personality-ability relationships in aged adults.
AB  - In an effort to investigate personality-ability interrelationships in older
      persons, 102 community-residing elderly persons were administered the Holtzman
      Inkblot Technique (HIT) and measures of both crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf)
      intelligence. Results suggested that each ability factor loaded on separate
      personality dimensions established in a previous analysis of HIT data using this
      sample. Whereas the personality factors labeled Anxiety Over Ideational
      Sufficiency and Feelings About Bodily Integrity loaded on Gc, factors termed Use
      of Cognitive Resources to Deal With Reality and Organizational
      Ability/Intellectual Functioning loaded on Gf. Causal inferences are difficult to
      make. However, these data suggest that individual differences in the maintenance
      of higher levels of intellectual functioning in later adulthood might be
      motivated by ego defensive mechanisms that act to insulate the older individual
      from feelings of self-worthlessness and failure and/or a loss of control over
      external forces via the development of intellectual skills.

PMID- 3361095
TI  - Longitudinal development of activity rhythms in Long Evans rats.
AB  - A longitudinal examination of activity rhythm development in Long Evans rats
      aging from 27 to 647 days was conducted. Wheel-running activity was sampled
      during five test periods: postweanling, periadolescence, young adulthood,
      presenescence, and senescence. On each test day, data were collected during both
      light and dark phases of the 12:12 hr light/dark photocycle. Analyses of variance
      (ANOVAs) on the activity data confirmed a recent cross-sectional study in two
      respects: First, gradual intensification of mean daily activity to adulthood was
      followed by a decline in senescence to a level below that found in early youth.
      Second, in comparison with early adulthood, a decline in activity during the dark
      phase was combined with an increase during the light phase as aging to senescence
      occurred.

PMID- 3361096
TI  - Modifiability of figural relations performance among elderly adults.
AB  - This study examined the relative efficacy of two figural relations training
      strategies in improving cognitive performance in healthy, well-functioning
      elderly individuals (N = 69; aged 62 to 92). Participants were randomly assigned
      to a no-contact control group (n = 24), a training group that received formal
      instructions in principles underlying figural relations problem solution (n =
      24), or a self-instructed interactive group that received practice with the
      figural relations training materials but no formal instruction (n = 21). All
      participants took a pretest battery and posttests on two occasions following
      training that tapped a variety of cognitive abilities. Planned comparisons
      indicated that the experimental groups differed significantly from the control
      group at the first posttest as well as across both posttest occasions on near
      versus far transfer tasks. However, self-generated strategies for task solution
      were found to be more durable over time as compared to specific rule training on
      near versus far transfer.

PMID- 3361097
TI  - Reciprocal and nonreciprocal social support: contrasting sides of intimate
      relationships.
AB  - This study focused on the perception of reciprocal and nonreciprocal support
      within the natural support network of family and friends. Data from a national
      probability sample of 718 middle-aged and older adults were examined. Hypotheses
      based on equity theory were developed to test the effect of perceived
      reciprocated versus nonreciprocated confiding and sick care vis-a-vis spouse,
      children, and friends. Initial results indicated that the modal response for all
      age groups was reciprocated confiding and sick care. However, a closer
      examination revealed a complex pattern of the extent and effects of perceived
      support when considering different relationships. These findings are discussed
      within a life-course perspective with individuals providing and receiving support
      over time.

PMID- 3361098
TI  - Types of elderly residential mobility and their determinants.
AB  - Using data from the 1983 Annual Housing Survey, we identified four reasons for
      moving, which corresponded to changes in later life and which were much more
      frequently mentioned by movers aged 55 and older than by younger movers. These
      included moves made for reasons of amenity, kinship, retirement, or widowhood.
      The rates at which elderly persons engaged in these different types of mobility
      varied with age, household composition, and other characteristics. Amenity and
      retirement moves most often ended in destinations in the South and the West,
      whereas kinship and widowhood moves occurred in all regions, but were more common
      among those moving to nonmetropolitan than to metropolitan areas.

PMID- 3361099
TI  - Correlates of self-reported everyday memory problems.
AB  - Using the 1984 Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview Survey, this
      study examined the prevalence and correlates of self-reported everyday memory
      problems in a sample of persons aged 55 and older (N = 14,783). Fifteen percent
      of the respondents reported having had trouble remembering things frequently
      during the past year, but 26 percent indicated having had no trouble. Of those
      reporting any problems, only 18 percent said the problem was happening with
      increasing frequency. Sex, age, educational attainment, subjective health status,
      perceived changes in health status, number of functional limitations, and vision
      and hearing impairments were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses to
      identify significant predictors of self-reported memory problems.

PMID- 3361100
TI  - Predicting participation in retirement preparation programs.
AB  - Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Men, the current study
      estimated the probability of participation in a retirement preparation program.
      Results are presented from a multivariate logit analysis. The study found (a)
      that occupational status, marital status, health status, preretirement income,
      and constraint by mandatory retirement rules are significant predictors of
      participation, and (b) that positive sample selectivity bias exists.

PMID- 3361101
TI  - Living arrangements and eating behaviors of older adults in the United States.
AB  - Associations between living arrangements and several eating behaviors were
      examined for 4,402 adults aged 55 and older using three-day food intake data from
      the 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS). Compared to those living
      with a spouse, persons living alone ate more meals alone and consumed a higher
      proportion of total calories away from home; a higher proportion of those living
      alone skipped meals, including breakfast. There was a sex differential in the
      effect of living alone for some, but not all, of the eating behaviors. Both the
      probability of eating away from home and of skipping breakfast declined with age,
      as did the percentage of calories consumed from snacks. These results indicate a
      need to focus further research not only on the effects these eating behaviors
      have on the nutritional status of elderly persons, but also on middle-aged
      cohorts as they age and on food programs targeted at elderly persons living
      alone.

PMID- 3361102
TI  - Airway management of aeromedically transported trauma patients.
AB  - The airway management of 176 consecutive traumatized patients aeromedically
      transported from the scene of injury was reviewed. In particular, the frequency
      of performance and time requirements for both blind nasotracheal intubation and
      cricothyrotomy were analyzed. Airway control was attempted in 70 (39.5%) patients
      and successful in 67 (95.7%). The average scene Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of
      these 70 patients was 7.16 (SD = 3.94) and ranged from 3 to 15. For the remaining
      106 patients the average GCS was 14.3 (SD = 1.36) and ranged from 6 to 15 (P less
      than .0005). The scene trauma score (TS) of the two groups was 10.2 (SD = 3.11)
      and 15.2 (SD = 1.38), respectively (P less than .0005). In the field, blind
      nasotracheal intubation by an emergency physician (n = 59) or paramedic (n = 3)
      was successful in 62 of 65 cases (95.1%). The complication rate for this
      procedure was 4.6%. Cricothyrotomy was performed in two patients. Only three
      orotracheal intubations were performed. The remaining three patients were
      nasotracheally intubated in the emergency department. Neuromuscular blockade was
      not used in either setting. Despite the difference in patient acuity, there was
      no statistically significant difference in scene or transport times between those
      patients emergently intubated and those who were not (P greater than .05).

PMID- 3361103
TI  - Emergency thoracotomy.

PMID- 3361104
TI  - Cardiac arrest in an emergency department visitor.

PMID- 3361105
TI  - Field safety or an infinite loop.

PMID- 3361107
TI  - More comments on i.v. filter debate.

PMID- 3361108
TI  - Surgeon-specific wound infection rates--a potentially dangerous and misleading
      strategy.

PMID- 3361106
TI  - Epidemiology of needlestick injury in emergency medical service personnel.
AB  - Employees of the St. Louis Emergency Medical Service (EMS) reported 44
      needlestick injuries during a recent 38-month period, an incidence of 145
      injuries/1,000 employee years. New employees, that is, those employed for less
      than a year, reported 19 (43%) of these injuries. Two employees developed
      clinically apparent hepatitis B during the study period. These results document a
      high risk to emergency medical personnel of exposure by needlestick to blood
      potentially infectious for hepatitis and other pathogens. EMS personnel require
      early and continuing educational efforts directed toward prevention of
      needlestick injuries and should be offered hepatitis B vaccine.

PMID- 3361109
TI  - Capnocytophaga.
AB  - Capnocytophaga has been found to cause disease in the normal and the
      immunocompromised patient. Most often this organism is an opportunist that is
      difficult to isolate but easy to identify and a unique reminder that uncommon
      infection may respond to common antibiotics.

PMID- 3361110
TI  - Vision screening for motor vehicle operators.

PMID- 3361112
TI  - Radiology clinic. Abnormal clavicle in a patient with renal failure.

PMID- 3361111
TI  - Shock in the pediatric patient.

PMID- 3361113
TI  - Mohs micrographic surgery for difficult skin cancers.

PMID- 3361114
TI  - How to develop a laser center.

PMID- 3361115
TI  - Understanding your finances through budgeting.

PMID- 3361116
TI  - I.U. survey indicates most Hoosiers do not know much about AIDS.

PMID- 3361117
TI  - Enkephalins in human phaeochromocytomas: localization in immunoreactive, high
      molecular weight form to the soluble core of chromaffin granules.
AB  - Enkephalins, endogenous opioid pentapeptides, are found in normal chromaffin
      tissue and may influence blood pressure regulation. We studied the subcellular
      localization and precursor-product status of enkephalin immunoreactivity in 11
      human phaeochromocytomas (seven adrenal, four extra-adrenal). Enkephalin
      immunoreactivity was found in all phaeochromocytomas, it paralleled radio
      immunoassay standard curves and was not destroyed by boiling or protease
      inhibitors i.e. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl
      fluoride (PMSF). Sucrose gradients localized enkephalin immunoreactivity to
      chromaffin granules (55 +/- 17% of total immunoreactivity; n = 6). In vitro
      granule lysis released 81% of the enkephalins and 91% of the catecholamines.
      Thus, phaeochromocytoma enkephalins are present in the soluble core of chromaffin
      granules, along with catecholamines. Enkephalin immunoreactivity was not
      contained in purified chromogranin A, either before or after trypsin cleavage.
      High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) elution of enkephalin immunoreactivity
      matched that of synthetic methionine-enkephalin, leucine-enkephalin, and
      methionine-sulfoxide-enkephalin standards. Enkephalin immunoreactivity was
      augmented by trypsin alone and by trypsin plus carboxypeptidase B (by 352 +/-
      56%), suggesting that the majority of the enkephalins were present in higher
      molecular weight precursor form. Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration of chromaffin
      granule lysate revealed a trypsin-augmented putative human enkephalin precursor
      with a molecular weight of 2000-4000 daltons as well as product enkephalins.
      Enkephalin concentration in phaeochromocytoma closely paralleled the epinephrine,
      but not the norepinephrine content of the tumours. However, it was not
      statistically different in adrenal versus extra-adrenal tumours. Thus, these
      peptides are contained in high molecular weight form in the soluble core of
      catecholamine storage vesicles, predominantly epinephrine vesicles.

PMID- 3361118
TI  - Dependence of the hypertensive effect of chronic vanadate administration on renal
      excretory function in the rat.
AB  - The effect of vanadate, an agent that in rats exerts potent vasoconstrictor and
      diuretic action on blood pressure, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance
      and plasma and extracellular fluid volume, was investigated in normal rats and in
      rats with diminished renal excretory function. In normal rats, chronic dietary
      vanadate did not affect blood pressure, but induced an increase in total
      peripheral resistance and a decrease in cardiac output, plasma and extracellular
      fluid volume. In rats with diminished renal excretory function, vanadate
      increased blood pressure and total peripheral resistance without affecting
      cardiac output, plasma and extracellular fluid volume. The results indicate that
      this agent, with predominant vasoconstrictor action, does not cause sustained
      hypertension unless renal excretory function is diminished.

PMID- 3361120
TI  - Red blood cell Na content, Na, Li-countertransport, family history of
      hypertension and blood pressure in school children.
AB  - This study focuses on the relationship between some aspects of intra-erythrocytic
      sodium metabolism (intra-erythrocytic Na content, Na,Li-countertransport), blood
      pressure, and family history of hypertension, in a group of 84 randomly selected
      school children (45 males, 39 females). Na,Li-countertransport was significantly
      related to both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
      only in boys at the univariate level, but both of these associations lost
      statistical significance after the possible confounding role of weight and height
      were taken into consideration. In both sexes, participants with a family history
      of hypertension had similar values of both intra-erythrocytic Na content and
      Na,Li-countertransport to participants with no family history. We conclude that
      family history of hypertension does not seem to play an important role in the
      determination of either intra-erythrocytic Na content or Na,Li-countertransport
      at this age. Although the positive association between Na,Li-countertransport and
      blood pressure observed in adult males is already present in childhood, this
      probably is still, at least in part, dependent upon body size.

PMID- 3361119
TI  - Circulating digoxin-like immunoreactivity in renal hypertensive rabbits: lack of
      modulation by alterations in dietary sodium intake.
AB  - We have re-examined digoxin-like immunoreactivity, commonly detected in plasma
      with antibodies, in order to determine whether it could represent the putative
      natriuretic factor originally proposed by de Wardener and Clarkson. Experiments
      were conducted in adult rabbits with two-kidney, two wrapped hypertension and in
      sham-operated controls. Six weeks after the bilateral renal cellophane wrapping
      or sham operation, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was approximately 40 mmHg
      higher in the wrapped group. At this time the rabbits started a low-, normal- or
      high-salt diet (1.6, 25.6 and 40.8 mmol Na+/100 g) which continued for 2 weeks.
      During the final 3 days urinary volume and total sodium content measured in 24-h
      collections was significantly lowered in the rabbits on the low-salt diet and
      increased by the high-salt diet (P less than 0.01 for both). This pattern was
      identical for the normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits. Digoxin-like
      immunoreactivity was measured at the beginning and at the end of the 2-week
      period of the salt study. Immediately before commencing the various salt diets
      the digoxin-like immunoreactivity, measured as ng digoxin equivalents/ml, was
      only marginally elevated in the renal hypertensive compared to the normotensive
      animals (it averaged 94.7 +/- 7.7 and 80.9 +/- 5.9 ng digoxin equivalents/ml,
      respectively). Neither the low- nor the high-sodium diet affected plasma digoxin
      like immunoreactivity in either the normotensive or the renal hypertensive
      animals (P greater than 0.10). These results indicate that digoxin-like
      immunoreactivity is present in the plasma of normotensive and renal hypertensive
      rabbits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361121
TI  - Renal effects of acute and long-term treatment with felodipine in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Enhanced renal vasoconstriction and renal tubular sodium reabsorption mediated by
      noradrenaline and angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in the
      pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Since these effects seem to be calcium
      dependent, renal haemodynamic and tubular function were studied following acute
      and long-term treatment with the calcium antagonist felodipine in 10 patients
      with essential hypertension. After acute felodipine administration mean blood
      pressure (MBP) decreased (from 111 to 95 mmHg; P less than 0.01), renal blood
      flow (RBF), estimated from hippurate clearance, increased (from 1030 to 1175
      ml/min; P less than 0.01) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was unchanged (109
      versus 112 ml/min). Fractional excretion (FE) of sodium, potassium, calcium,
      magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate and urate increased for 12 h. Following long
      term felodipine treatment, mean blood pressure was reduced (97 mmHg; P less than
      0.01) and RBF and GFR were unchanged (1032 and 114 ml/min, respectively).
      Fractional excretion of urate and calcium was increased for 24 h (from 5.9 to
      6.9%; P less than 0.05 and from 1.1 to 1.3%; P less than 0.05, respectively).
      Serum urate decreased (from 377 to 347 mumol/l; P less than 0.01) whereas serum
      calcium was unchanged. Fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride was
      increased between 3 and 6 h after felodipine. The renal haemodynamic findings
      after acute felodipine administration are indicative of a direct renal
      vasodilator action of felodipine which augments the autoregulatory renal
      vasodilation to produce an overall increase in RBF. Since GFR was unchanged, the
      increased renal excretion of electrolytes and urate reflects an action at the
      tubular level. Following long-term felodipine administration autoregulatory
      adjustment of RBF predominated.

PMID- 3361122
TI  - Self-measurement of blood pressure: a statement by the World Hypertension League.

PMID- 3361124
TI  - Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody that detects a C-terminal
      fragment of the raf oncogene product.
AB  - A murine mAb, STEGI 1, was generated against a 30-kDa raf protein purified from
      an Escherichia coli expression vector. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that this
      antibody recognized the original immunizing protein as well as a 44- to 48-kDa
      protein from several raf-transformed cell lines. Immunoprecipitation experiments
      isolated a 48-kDa protein from a cell line transfected with a c-raf construct as
      well as from normal NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Parallel experiments with polyvalent
      antiserum prepared against E. coli-derived v-raf (C terminus)-precipitated
      proteins with apparent Mr of 48 and 74 kDa, as had been described previously.
      Immunofluorescence flow cytometry of raf-transformed cell lines revealed intense
      intracytoplasmic staining. This staining was specifically inhibited by
      preincubation of STEGI 1 with purified raf 30-kDa protein. It should now be
      possible to more easily assess the role of the raf oncogene product in malignant
      transformation.

PMID- 3361123
TI  - Functional abolition of monocyte HLA-DR by aldehyde treatment. A novel approach
      to studies of class II restriction elements in antigen presentation.
AB  - The effect of low concentration aldehyde treatment (0.0012 to 0.005%) on the
      expression of HLA-DR Ag by human monocytes was investigated. This treatment was
      shown to selectively abolish the expression of HLA-DR determinants defined by a
      monomorphic mAb (YE2.36) in a rosette assay. The expression of class I MHC Ag and
      Fc gamma R remained unaffected. As a result, the presentation of the recall Ag
      tetanus toxoid and streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) to freshly isolated
      autologous T cells and T cell clones was completely inhibited. Increasing the
      concentration of aldehyde to 0.05% consistently produced partial restoration of
      Ag-presenting capacity. Low dose aldehyde treatment did not affect monocyte
      viability or membrane turnover. Thus, aldehyde-treated monocytes produced a
      second generation of HLA-DR and expression was almost completely restored to
      normal after 24 h of culture. The presentation of monocyte class II Ag as
      alloantigens was also inhibited by low dose aldehyde treatment but inhibition was
      much less marked when monocytes were aldehyde treated at 2 h rather than at 24 h
      of culture. This is consistent with the reexpression of HLA-DR which occurred
      readily in the first 24 h of culture and much less readily thereafter. Low dose
      aldehyde treatment did not affect Ag uptake and processing. However, monocytes
      which had been pulsed with Ag, aldehyde-treated to abolish HLA-DR, and then
      cultured to allow regeneration of HLA-DR could present Ag only when given a
      second Ag pulse, suggesting that once the association between microbial Ag and
      HLA-DR had formed the Ag was not then free to reassociate with novel HLA-DR. Low
      dose aldehyde treatment did not affect monocyte IL-1 production, neither did it
      inhibit the detection of HLA-DR by soluble mAb in FACS analysis. These results
      are consistent with the view that low dose aldehyde treatment disrupts the
      tertiary structure of human Ia molecules such that allostimulatory determinants
      and restriction elements for exogenous Ag are rendered inaccessible to T
      lymphocyte receptors and to cell-bound anti-DR mAb in the rosette assay, although
      DR determinants may remain accessible to soluble mAb.

PMID- 3361125
TI  - Genetic engineering of bovine Ig. Construction and characterization of hapten
      binding bovine/murine chimeric IgE, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 molecules.
AB  - A bovine recombinant phage library was constructed and screened with rabbit S mu
      and human C gamma probes. IgM, IgA, and IgE H chain constant region (CH) genes
      were isolated with the rabbit S mu probe and three IgG CH genes were isolated
      with the C gamma probe. The CH genes were individually cloned into an expression
      vector which contained a murine VDJ gene cloned from a hybridoma producing anti
      dansyl hapten antibody. The resulting constructs were transfected into murine
      hybridoma cells producing L chain of the anti-dansyl antibody and stable
      transfectomas secreting chimeric bovine-murine IgA, IgE, or IgG subclass anti
      dansyl antibodies were obtained. The chimeric antibodies, immunoprecipitated with
      Ag or with anti-bovine H chain antibodies, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and were
      shown to contain H and L chains of expected size. Of the three chimeric
      antibodies derived from the C gamma genes, one reacted with anti-IgG1 antibody,
      another reacted with anti-IgG2 antibody and the third did not react with either
      anti-IgG1 or anti-IgG2. This third IgG appears to represent a "new" subclass of
      bovine IgG, IgG3. Southern blot analysis indicated that the bovine genome
      contains a fourth C gamma gene. These experiments demonstrate the usefulness of
      molecular genetic techniques for the isolation and characterization of Ig which
      are not readily purified from biologic fluids. These techniques will be useful
      for isolation and characterization of Ig genes from other outbred mammals.

PMID- 3361126
TI  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Enhanced stimulation of platelets by the
      terminal complement components is related to the lack of C8bp in the membrane.
AB  - Recently, a protein isolated from the membrane of human E, the so-called C8
      binding protein (C8bp), has been described. C8bp is characterized as a 65-kDa
      protein that binds to C8 and inhibits the C5b-9-mediated lysis in a homologous
      system. In the present study, membranes of peripheral blood cells were tested for
      the presence of C8bp by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. In all cells a protein band
      reacting with anti-C8bp was seen, the Mr, however, was only about 50 kDa. To
      further analyze the 50-kDa protein, we isolated the protein by phenol-water
      extraction and isoelectric focusing from papain-treated platelets. The isolated
      protein behaved similar to the E-derived C8bp: it inhibited the lysis of model
      target cells by C5b-9. To examine the function of C8bp in platelets, we tested
      platelets from patients suffering from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
      These platelets were deficient in C8bp, being in accordance with their higher
      lytic susceptibility in vitro. In response to sublytic C5b-9 doses, the PNH
      platelets released considerably more serotonin and thromboxane B2 than normal
      platelets. By addition of purified C8bp, the thromboxane B2 release was
      suppressed, indicating that C8bp not only restricts the lytic complement attack,
      but also regulates the C5b-9-mediated stimulation of target cells. Thus, lack of
      C8bp might not only result in enhanced hemolysis, but also in enhanced
      stimulation of platelets, which in turn might contribute to the thrombotic
      complications seen in some PNH-type III patients.

PMID- 3361127
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates expression of secretory component, the
      epithelial receptor for polymeric Ig.
AB  - Secretory component (SC) is the receptor that facilitates transcytosis of
      polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM through secretory epithelial cells and into
      exocrine fluids. The present study showed that rTNF-alpha enhanced the cellular
      pool, membrane expression, and secretion of functionally SC in a human colonic
      carcinoma cell line (HT-29m2) which is known to express and process SC like
      normal glandular cells. TNF-alpha also up-regulated membrane expression of the
      constitutive HLA class I molecules, whereas the cells remained HLA class II
      negative.

PMID- 3361128
TI  - Characteristics of a human monoclonal anti-Sm autoantibody expressing an
      interspecies idiotype.
AB  - A human-human hybridoma secreting an anti-Sm mAb designated 4B4 was established
      by fusion of GM4672 (a lymphoblastoid B cell line) with PWM-activated mononuclear
      cells from a patient with active SLE. Competitive Ag inhibition assays showed
      that 4B4 was specific for Sm and did not bind with native or denatured DNA or
      RNA. Western blot analysis with 4B4 showed that this mAb binds to the B/B'
      ribonucleoprotein of the Sm/ribonucleo-protein complex. By competitive inhibition
      assay, 4B4 was demonstrated to partially share idiotypic expression with a mouse
      anti-Sm mAb designated Y2. This was demonstrated by the ability of each mAb (Y2
      or 4B4) to inhibit a homologous anti-idiotypic antibody (either anti-Y2 or anti
      4B4) better than the nonhomologous anti-idiotypic antibody. These results confirm
      previous findings that idiotypes related to Sm-binding are highly conserved in
      nature. Furthermore, this report is the first idiotypic analysis of a human anti
      Sm mAb.

PMID- 3361129
TI  - Stimulation of eosinophil adherence to human vascular endothelial cells in vitro
      by platelet-activating factor.
AB  - 111In-Labeled eosinophils from mildly eosinophilic subjects have been examined
      for their capacity to adhere to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
      In assay buffer alone, 32.0% +/- 2.6 eosinophils adhered spontaneously to
      endothelial cells. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero
      3-phosphorylcholine) at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M increased this
      adherence to a level of 46.7% +/- 2.0. The effects of PAF were confirmed to be on
      eosinophils by parallel adherence assays done on serum-coated plastic plates
      where comparably enhanced adhesion of the eosinophils was seen. Lyso-PAF, the
      biologically inactive precursor/metabolite of PAF, had no stimulatory properties.
      FMLP caused an increase in eosinophil adherence, comparable to that of PAF, but
      only at high concentrations (10(-6) to 10(-7) M). Further examination of
      eosinophil subpopulations separated on metrizamide gradients indicated that
      "hypodense" eosinophils had a significantly higher ability to adhere
      spontaneously to endothelial cells than "normal" dense eosinophils, (35.5% +/-
      4.2 vs 23.8% +/- 2.5, respectively) and could be stimulated with PAF to higher
      levels, although the magnitude of stimulation was similar for both populations. A
      mouse mAb TS1/18 to the common beta-subunit of the Mac-1 cell surface
      glycoprotein complex (CDw18) reduced by up to 94.6% the PAF-induced increase in
      adherence, but had no effect on the spontaneous adhesion. Eosinophils were also
      shown by cytofluorography to be capable of binding the TS1/18 antibody on their
      cell surface, and in some experiments to exhibit an increased expression of the
      Mac-1 complex on stimulation with PAF. These studies indicate that eosinophils
      are capable of binding to endothelial cells in culture, that PAF is a potent
      stimulator of eosinophil adherence, and that the Mac-1 complex has a critical
      role in this adhesion process.

PMID- 3361130
TI  - The generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cells in various serum-free
      media.
AB  - Recent data generated in our laboratory indicates that human lymphokine-activated
      killer (LAK) cells can be induced in several commercially available serum-free
      medium formulations. Interestingly, LAK cells were also generated in RPMI 1640
      medium plus 1000 U/ml IL-2 without addition of human serum. However, higher
      levels of cytolytic activity were generally obtained in the commercial serum-free
      formulations. Cytotoxic activity was observed both at 3 and 7 days against a LAK
      sensitive cell line (Daudi). Maximal cytolytic activity was usually produced by 7
      days of in vitro culture in 1000 U/ml of interleukin-2 (IL-2).

PMID- 3361131
TI  - A new assay for the measurement of the attachment of neutrophils and other cell
      types to endothelial cells.
AB  - A microassay for the detection of cellular adherence to monolayers of cultured
      human vascular endothelium has been developed that utilises the uptake by cells
      of the vital stain, Rose Bengal. Changes in the optical density as a result of
      increased attachment give an accurate measurement of the extent of cellular
      adherence. The assay utilises small numbers of endothelial cells to obtain
      confluent monolayers, is rapid (results available within 1.5 h from
      commencement), allows large numbers of investigations to be performed at the one
      time, eliminates the requirement for 51chromium or 111indium-labelled cells, and
      allows a wide variety of cell types including neutrophils, monocytes,
      eosinophils, lymphocytes and melanoma cells to be studied. Optimal concentrations
      of cells, fetal calf serum, of incubation and washing media, methods of removal
      of unattached cells and morphological assessment of the human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells are detailed. We report here the methodology of this new
      adherence assay with special reference to neutrophils using a range of
      stimulators that may regulate their attachment to endothelium.

PMID- 3361132
TI  - Simple method for scanning immunoblots.
AB  - Scanning laser densitometry was performed on immuno- and dot blots developed on
      nitrocellulose by treatment of the nitrocellulose with xylene. This method
      permits the development of simple methods for recording results of immunoblots
      and of producing semi-quantitative assays from dot blots.

PMID- 3361133
TI  - A method for the determination of antibody affinity using a direct ELISA.
AB  - Antibody affinity is of major significance in immunoassays. Since affinity may be
      influenced by the immunoassay methodology it is important to determine this
      parameter under the conditions of the assay used. Here a method is described for
      the determination of binding constants (K) in a direct ELISA with the use of the
      computer program LIGAND. Five of the antibodies studied bound to their antigen
      with two classes of antigen binding site, while all the other antibodies studied
      reacted with only a single class of antigen binding site. The accuracy of the
      method and the implications for antigen-antibody reactions are discussed.

PMID- 3361134
TI  - Detection of antibody, idiotype, and anti-idiotype forming cells by in situ
      immunocytochemical staining.
AB  - Methods are described for the immunocytochemical staining of cryostat sections of
      lymphoid tissue with enzyme conjugates of antigen, idiotype (Id) and anti
      idiotype. Results established this as a useful approach, for simultaneously
      detecting Id and anti-Id antibody forming cells (AFC) in situ. As a model, the
      5AF6 Id family associated with the BALB/c mouse antibody response against the p
      azophenyl-arsonate (Ar) epitope was examined by two-color immunocytochemical
      staining, allowing the simultaneous detection of both Id+ and Id- anti-Ar AFC.
      Spleens from mice secondarily immunized with Ar antigen but not normal mice
      contained anti-Id AFC stained with the 5AF6 Id but not with another
      immunoglobulin of the same isotype. A sequential staining method was developed
      which allowed the detection of both Id and anti-Id AFC in the same tissue, thus
      providing a means of examining Id and anti-Id antibody networks in intact
      lymphoid tissues.

PMID- 3361135
TI  - Cytoplasmic localization of hepatitis B core antigen in hepatitis B virus
      infected livers.
AB  - Routine use of commercially available antisera against hepatitis B core antigen
      (HBcAg) obtained from Escherichia coli transfected with HBV-DNA, has permitted a
      re-evaluation of the histochemical distribution of the antigen in liver tissue.
      HBcAg, classically described almost exclusively in the nucleus, was found with a
      very high frequency in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Our data indicate, however,
      that formalin fixation and paraffin embedding destroy part of HBcAg antigenicity
      and eliminate most of its cytoplasmic expression. HBcAg was found in 6/7 (85.7%)
      of HBsAg/HBeAg positive subjects, and in 2/12 (16/6%) of HBsAg/anti-HBe positive
      subjects; in both subgroups the cytoplasmic expression of the antigen correlated
      with the presence of circulating hepatitis B virus-deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV
      DNA).

PMID- 3361136
TI  - Enhancement of anti-phospholipid antibody activity by Tween 20.
AB  - Addition of the non-ionic detergent Tween 20 to the serum diluent enhances anti
      cardiolipin binding reactivity in an ELISA system. Maximal enhancement was
      obtained using a concentration of 0.05% Tween 20 in the diluent. Non-specific
      interactions were also considerably reduced.

PMID- 3361137
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of the eighth component of human complement. Demonstration of
      subunits and detection of C8 alpha-gamma double and triple bands.
AB  - Using SDS-PAGE/immunoblot analysis of the eighth component of human complement,
      C8, we have been able to demonstrate an 85 kDa C8 alpha-gamma and a 62 kDa C8
      beta subunit in normal human serum. Serum from an undiagnosed patient who
      presented undetectable hemolytic C8 activity possessed only the 85 kDa subunit,
      suggesting a defect in the C8 beta subunit. Serum of a patient with known C8
      alpha-gamma deficiency possessed only the complementary 62 kDa subunit. Both sera
      used together were able to lyse antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes, whereas
      individual sera could not. Optimum conditions for C8 immunoblotting were
      determined using small amounts of serum or plasma, during low voltage
      electrophoresis and a sensitive staining technique
      (nitrobluetetrazolium/bromochloroindoxylphosphate). Using these conditions, the
      C8 alpha-gamma subunit was found to be composed of up to three bands, termed C8
      alpha-gamma 1, -2 and -3. All three bands were found in pooled normal sera.
      Individual sera had at least the C8 alpha-gamma 2 and C8 alpha-gamma 3 bands. Two
      C8 beta-deficient sera from two unrelated patients exhibited only the C8 alpha
      gamma 2 and C8 alpha-gamma 3 bands. We conclude that immunoblotting of C8 permits
      a detailed analysis of the molecular composition of this component and helps to
      establish a precise diagnosis in inherited C8 deficiencies.

PMID- 3361138
TI  - Simple device for serial blood sampling in mice.

PMID- 3361139
TI  - Selectively enhanced procollagen gene expression in sclerosing (morphea-like)
      basal cell carcinoma as reflected by elevated pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 1(III)
      procollagen messenger RNA steady-state levels.
AB  - Sclerosing or morphea-like variant of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is characterized
      by an extensive connective tissue stroma, and histopathology has suggested that
      the extracellular matrix is largely composed of collagen. In addition,
      fibronectin deposition has been proposed to modulate tumor growth in BCC. In this
      study, we examined the expression of genes coding for type I, III, and IV
      procollagens, as well as for fibronectin, in tissue from 10 patients with
      sclerosing BCC. For comparison, tissues from 5 patients with nodular BCC and 4
      controls were examined. Total RNA was isolated by CsCl density gradient
      centrifugation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) steady-state levels were determined by
      slot-blot hybridizations with human sequence specific complementary DNAs (cDNAs).
      The abundance of type I procollagen mRNA in sclerosing BCC tissue was increased
      to 233.6 +/- 36.7% of the controls (mean +/- SEM). The corresponding value for
      type III procollagen mRNA in sclerosing BCC was 281.8 +/- 54.8% of the controls.
      Consequently, the steady-state ratio of type I/III procollagen mRNAs in
      sclerosing BCCs (5.0 +/- 1.2; mean +/- SD) was within the control range. Thus,
      there is a coordinate increase in type I and type III procollagen mRNA levels in
      sclerosing BCC. In contrast, the values for type I and type III procollagen mRNAs
      in nodular BCC were not different from the controls. In addition, type IV
      procollagen and fibronectin mRNA levels were not different from the controls
      either in sclerosing or nodular BCCs, attesting to the selectivity of the
      increase in type I and III procollagen mRNA levels in sclerosing BCC. These
      observations may relate to the excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix
      stroma surrounding the tumor cells in sclerosing BCC.

PMID- 3361141
TI  - Identification of fibroblasts responsible for increased collagen production in
      localized scleroderma by in situ hybridization.
AB  - Skin biopsies from seven patients with localized scleroderma (morphea) and from
      two healthy individuals were studied by in situ hybridization to localize the
      cells responsible for increased procollagen production. In scleroderma lesions,
      high levels of pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 1 (III) collagen mRNAs were detected
      in some but not all fibroblasts, suggesting the presence of a subpopulation
      responsible for the increased collagen production. The levels of pro alpha 1 (I)
      and pro alpha 1 (III) collagen mRNAs in these fibroblasts were clearly elevated
      compared to control skin specimens hybridized at the same time under identical
      conditions. Most of the scleroderma samples represented intermediate stages where
      the fibroblasts containing elevated levels of type I and type III procollagen
      mRNAs were located in the papillary and upper reticular layer of the dermis. One
      of the scleroderma samples from an early inflammatory stage of the disease was
      found to contain activated fibroblasts in all dermal layers and also in
      aggregates adjacent to inflammatory cell infiltrates. In situ analyses were also
      performed on cell cultures from affected and unaffected skin of one scleroderma
      patient. These experiments revealed a homogeneous population of activated
      fibroblasts in cultures producing high levels of collagen. The results suggest
      that development of fibrosis in scleroderma could evolve through activation of a
      certain fibroblast subpopulation. During cell culturing, however, cell selection
      or uncharacterized regulatory mechanisms appear to modulate the behavior of these
      cells with respect to collagen production.

PMID- 3361140
TI  - Increased elastin production by progeria skin fibroblasts is controlled by the
      steady-state levels of elastin mRNA.
AB  - Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is a unique, rare disease with markedly accelerated
      aging. The average lifespan of affected individuals is 12 years. Although the
      biochemical basis of the syndrome is unknown, its influence appears to be
      primarily upon mesodermal tissues. Characteristics such as the altered appearance
      of the skin and the extensive and fatal involvement of the cardiovascular system
      led us to study elastin production in cultured skin fibroblasts from three
      progeroid individuals. We found tropoelastin production by progeroid cells was
      elevated six- to nine-fold at the protein and mRNA levels, while relative
      collagen synthesis was similar to control strains. There was little difference
      between progeroid and normal cells in expression of total protein or in total
      cellular mRNA content. Western blot analysis of tropoelastin from progeroid
      fibroblasts confirmed increased production of elastin but revealed no gross
      changes in the molecular mass. The significant increase in tropoelastin
      expression lends support to the concept that progeria results from a mesenchymal
      dysplasia, and offers a possible biochemical marker for the phenotype.

PMID- 3361142
TI  - Specific incorporation of 4-S-cysteinylphenol into human melanoma cells.
AB  - The incorporation of 4-S-cysteinylphenol (4-S-CP), a tyrosine analog, into
      malignant melanoma cells was evaluated. 4-S-CP was specifically incorporated into
      the melanotic melanoma cells (HMV-II), which have activity for melanin synthesis,
      but was scarcely incorporated into HeLA S3 or HMV-I cells, which have no activity
      for melanin synthesis. Electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that the
      intracellular localization of 4-S-CP was closely correlated with melanogenesis
      and that 4-S-CP served as an initial substrate for tyrosinase and was utilized in
      melanin synthesis. On the basis of these findings we hypothesize that tyrosinase
      is required for intracellular incorporation of 4-S-CP. This specific
      incorporation of 4-S-CP into melanoma cells should be useful in the development
      of an effective procedure for chemotherapy of malignant melanomas and in analysis
      of melanin synthesis.

PMID- 3361143
TI  - Expression of basement membrane zone genes coding for type IV procollagen and
      laminin by human skin fibroblasts in vitro: elevated alpha 1 (IV) collagen mRNA
      levels in lipoid proteinosis.
AB  - Basement membrane zone gene expression by fibroblast cultures established from
      adult human skin was examined by molecular hybridizations with human sequence
      specific cDNAs corresponding to pro-alpha 1 (IV) chain of type IV collagen and B2
      chain of laminin. Northern transfer analysis of poly(A)+RNA isolated from
      fibroblast cultures clearly revealed the presence of specific mRNA transcripts,
      indicating the expression of the genes coding for pro-alpha 1 (IV) and laminin B2
      polypeptides. Quantitative estimates of the relative levels of these mRNAs coding
      for basement membrane zone components indicated that they are of relatively low
      abundance in control fibroblasts, as compared with mRNAs coding for fibronectin
      or pro-alpha 1 (I) chain of type I procollagen. In fibroblast cultures
      established from the lesional skin of a 32-year-old patient with lipoid
      proteinosis, the levels of mRNA coding for pro-alpha 1 (IV) polypeptides were
      increased approximately 4.5-fold, as compared with age- and passage-matched
      control cultures. This increase was selective in that the levels of fibronectin,
      pro-alpha 1 (I), and beta-actin mRNAs were unaltered in the same cultures. The
      increase in pro-alpha 1 (IV) mRNA level was also uncoordinate with the expression
      of the laminin B2 chain gene, which was unaltered in lipoid proteinosis. The
      selective increase in pro-alpha 1 (IV) mRNA may have relevance to the
      accumulation of this basement membrane component in the skin in lipoid
      proteinosis.

PMID- 3361145
TI  - UVB and UVC, but not UVA, potently induce the appearance of T6-, DR+ antigen
      presenting cells in human epidermis.

PMID- 3361144
TI  - Putative photoacoustic damage in skin induced by pulsed ArF excimer laser.
AB  - Argon-fluoride excimer laser ablation of guinea pig stratum corneum causes deeper
      tissue damage than expected for thermal or photochemical mechanisms, suggesting
      that photoacoustic waves have a role in tissue damage. Laser irradiation (193 nm,
      14-ns pulse) at two different radiant exposures, 62 and 156 mJ/cm2 per pulse, was
      used to ablate the 15-microns-thick stratum corneum of the skin. Light and
      electron microscopy of immediate biopsies demonstrated damage to fibroblasts as
      deep as 88 and 220 microns, respectively, below the ablation site. These depths
      are far in excess of the optical penetration depth of 193-nm light (1/e depth =
      1.5 micron). The damage is unlikely to be due to a photochemical mechanism
      because (a) the photons will not penetrate to these depths, (b) it is a long
      distance for toxic photoproducts to diffuse, and (c) damage is proportional to
      laser pulse intensity and not the total dose that accumulates in the residual
      tissue; therefore, reciprocity does not hold. Damage due to a thermal mechanism
      is not expected because there is not sufficient energy deposited in the tissue to
      cause significant heating at such depths. The damage is most likely due to a
      photoacoustic mechanism because (a) photoacoustic waves can propagate deep into
      tissue, (b) the depth of damage increases with increasing laser pulse intensity
      rather than with increasing total residual energy, and (c) the effects are
      immediate. These effects should be considered in the evaluation of short pulse,
      high peak power laser-tissue interactions.

PMID- 3361146
TI  - Evaluation of a DNA probe for identifying Salmonella typhi in Peruvian and
      Indonesian bacterial isolates.

PMID- 3361147
TI  - Relation of endogenous interferon and high levels of 2'-5' oligoadenylate
      synthetase in leukocytes from patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever.

PMID- 3361149
TI  - Chronic meningitis caused by Listeria in a patient infected with human
      immunodeficiency virus.

PMID- 3361148
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nafcillin in obesity.

PMID- 3361150
TI  - The complement system in Mediterranean spotted fever.

PMID- 3361151
TI  - A multiple-strain outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis due to consumption of
      inadequately pasteurized milk.

PMID- 3361152
TI  - A new method for identifying Campylobacter spp.

PMID- 3361153
TI  - Platelet dysfunction and bleeding associated with beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 3361154
TI  - Guidelines for improving the use of antimicrobial agents in hospitals: a
      statement by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

PMID- 3361155
TI  - Specific antibodies detected during relapse of human brucellosis.
AB  - We studied 10 patients who had a relapse of brucellosis for significant
      serological changes during relapse. By the Coombs test, the pre-relapse and post
      relapse median (range) titers of antibody to Brucella were 1:1120 (1:40-1:10,240)
      and 1:10,240 (1:40-1:81,920), respectively (P = .0069); by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, these values were 1:2240 (1:60-1:10,240) and
      1:10,240 (1:160-1:81,920; P = .0069); by ELISA for IgA, the median titer
      increased 3.36 times but did not reach statistical significance (P = .0929); by
      tube agglutination, dithiothreitol (DTT) agglutination, and ELISA for IgM, median
      titers did not change. Nine patients had a significant titer increase by Coombs
      test and IgG ELISA, three had a significant increase by tube and DTT
      agglutination, none had significant increases by IgM ELISA, and one had no
      significant increase after relapse. Our findings show that for most patients with
      a relapse of brucellosis, there is an increase in IgG titers, as detected by
      ELISA and Coombs test, but no change in IgM titers.

PMID- 3361157
TI  - Delayed common bile duct obstruction in acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Common bile duct obstruction during acute pancreatitis usually occurs in the
      early symptomatic phase of the illness, involves only the distal portion of the
      common bile duct, and subsides with clinical improvement. We present two cases of
      persistent common bile duct obstruction that developed 2-3 months after complete
      clinical subsidence of the initial episode of severe acute pancreatitis and
      involved a long segment of the common bile duct. After surgical decompression,
      there was no recurrence of common bile duct obstruction or pancreatitis.

PMID- 3361156
TI  - Predictors of endocarditis in isolates from cultures of blood following dental
      extractions in rats with periodontal disease.
AB  - Rats with periodontitis and catheter-induced aortic valve vegetations underwent
      dental extractions. Cultures of blood obtained 1 min later showed polymicrobial
      bacteremia in 19 of 19 rats, mostly due to viridans streptococci (18 of 19),
      Morganella (15 of 19), group G streptococci (13 of 19), and Staphylococcus aureus
      (10 of 19). Viridans streptococci circulated in higher numbers than did group G
      streptococci and S. aureus (P less than .01). Three days after dental
      extractions, 18 of 20 rats had endocarditis. Fifteen (83%) of 18 infections were
      due to group G streptococci, 9 (50%) of 18 were due to S. aureus, and 2 (11%) of
      18 were due to viridans streptococci (P less than .05). In vitro, adherence to
      platelet-fibrin matrices of endocarditis strain 8 of group G streptococcus was
      two times greater than that of endocarditis strain S. aureus 23 and three to four
      times greater than that of Streptococcus sanguis 44 and Morganella morganii 93 (P
      less than 10(-5)). The inoculum size that produced endocarditis in 90% of rats
      after iv challenge was 10(5) cfu for group G streptococcus strain 8 and 10(7) for
      S. sanguis 44.

PMID- 3361158
TI  - Effects of autonomic denervation on canine exocrine pancreatic secretion and
      blood flow.
AB  - The effect of autonomic denervation on the exocrine pancreatic secretion and
      blood flow was studied in a group of dogs. Pancreatic secretion was collected and
      analyzed for volume and bicarbonate by direct cannulation of the main papilla
      through a duodenotomy prior to and following truncal vagotomy and celiac plexus
      denervation. Pancreatic blood flow was determined by the radioisotope
      distribution method (141Ce). Truncal vagotomy causes a reduction in pancreatic
      secretion of volume and bicarbonate by 25-30%, while celiac denervation caused a
      reduction of 70% in the secretion. The mean baseline pancreatic blood flow was
      0.5 ml/g pancreas/min. Truncal vagotomy did not cause any significant flow
      changes, while celiac denervation caused a significant increase in blood flow of
      350% (to 1.75 ml/g/min). These results suggest that both the parasympathetic and
      the sympathetic system affect pancreatic secretion independently of their effect
      upon pancreatic blood flow.

PMID- 3361159
TI  - Pancreatic function in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - This study was prospectively carried out to evaluate the frequency and clinical
      significance of pancreatic impairment in the course of chronic inflammatory bowel
      disease (CIBD). Twenty-seven patients affected by ulcerative colitis or Crohn's
      disease were submitted to a secretin-cerulein test, oral glucose test (OGT) and
      to indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) for detection of autoantibodies against
      exocrine and endocrine tissue. A bicarbonate plus enzyme or only an enzyme
      insufficiency was found in 11/27 patients, whereas isolated lipase decrease was
      observed in 18 subjects. In the results of the OGT and the indirect IFL test
      there was no difference between patients and controls. These data demonstrate
      that pancreatic impairment is a far more frequent occurrence than generally
      recognized in clinical practice. The decrease of lipase secretion could worsen
      the consequences of malabsorption in Crohn's disease of the small intestine.
      Therefore we think that a pancreatic assessment is advisable, at least in Crohn's
      disease patients with steatorrhea.

PMID- 3361160
TI  - A new faecal chymotrypsin method for evaluating the exocrine pancreatic function
      in patients with different pancreatic diseases.
AB  - Using a new colorimetric method we measured the faecal chymotrypsin in 407
      subjects, divided as follows: 252 adult subjects with a normal exocrine
      pancreatic function as shown by duodenal intubation, 24 adult patients with a
      mild to moderate pancreatic insufficiency, and 26 adult patients with severe
      pancreatic insufficiency. In addition, 40 healthy children, 50 children with
      chronic diarrhoea, and 15 with cystic fibrosis were studied before and after
      substituting enzyme therapy. Faecal chymotrypsin was found to be useful in
      evaluating the degree of exocrine functional insufficiency in subjects with
      diseases of the pancreas that had already been clinically ascertained. The same
      cannot be said for its ability to provide an early diagnosis of subjects with a
      slight-moderate insufficiency in exocrine pancreatic function.

PMID- 3361161
TI  - Antioxidants to treat chronic pancreatitis in childhood? Case report and possible
      implications for pathogenesis.
AB  - The case history of a 10-yr old boy with calcific chronic pancreatitis is
      reported. His theophylline clearance of 450 ml/kg/h was several times higher than
      normal, indicating induction of cytochromes P450. Painful attacks disappeared
      concurrently with administration of antioxidants. The possible relevance of these
      findings is discussed in the context of chronic pancreatitis in childhood.

PMID- 3361162
TI  - Pancreatic steatorrhea and pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - The authors present a case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a 37 yr old
      woman treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The exocrine pancreatic failure is
      suggested to be secondary to previous pancreatic tuberculosis since no other
      cause of pancreatic disease was found and the diarrhea with steatorrhea started 6
      mth after the lung disease. Steatorrhea was promptly reverted after institution
      of oral therapy with pancreatic supplements and the patient gained 7 kg of body
      weight during the successive follow-up of 4 yr.

PMID- 3361164
TI  - Hypothermia following whole-body heating of mice: effect of heating time and
      temperature.
AB  - We have observed an acute and prolonged lowering of body temperature
      (hypothermia) following whole body heating (WBH) of mice. This phenomenon of heat
      induced hypothermia and the subsequent recovery of normal temperatures have been
      systematically investigated. The hypothermic period can be characterized by two
      parameters: Tnadir and a recovery time constant (tau). For treatment temperatures
      below 41 degrees C and treatment durations of 1 h or less, a mild hypothermia
      (Tnadir greater than 33 degrees C) and fast recovery (tau less than 1 h) occur.
      Tnadir and tau vary slightly with treatment temperature and are almost
      independent of treatment length. At treatment temperatures 41 degrees C and above
      for up to 1 h, we observed acute hypothermia (Tnadir as low as 28 degrees C) and
      slow recovery (tau = several hours). This region of prolonged hypothermia is
      characterized by a rapid change of Tnadir and tau with temperature, and a much
      less rapid change with treatment duration. The WBH temperature-time range causing
      prolonged hypothermia is very narrow, and if exceeded results in lethality.
      Critical lethal temperatures have been estimated for several treatment durations
      from the time constant data. Post-WBH hypothermia can be minimized by keeping the
      animals in a 37 degrees C environment. However, we find that neither
      survivability nor intestinal cell repopulation is enhanced by this procedure.

PMID- 3361163
TI  - Evaluation of ring capacitor plates for regional deep heating.
AB  - Based upon a capacitive system a quasi-microwave cavity operating at a frequency
      of 13.56 or 27.12 MHz has been developed. The prototype consisted of two
      capacitive plates with a circular aperture at the centre of each plate in which a
      cylindrically shaped tissue volume can be placed. Phantom measurements showed
      that a second-generation applicator, consisting of two narrow rings with equal
      inner and outer diameter, gave identical results. Due to the positioning of the
      rings along the enclosed tissue cylinder, the electrical field is mainly parallel
      to the body axis. SAR distributions were measured by infrared thermography in
      cylindrical, muscle equivalent phantoms enclosed in PVC-tubes using the 'split
      phantom' technique. For phantom diameters up to 13.5 cm a homogeneous heating,
      SAR 70-100 per cent of the maximum SAR, has been obtained over the tissue volume
      between the inner edges of the two rings. For these measurements the non-isolated
      ring electrodes are placed directly onto the PVC cover. When the phantom
      diameter, excluding PVC cover, is increased to 22.5 cm the SAR values at the
      centre vary from 30 to 40 per cent of the maximum SAR value which is located near
      the inner edge of the rings. In this case a 1 cm gap between the rings and the
      PVC cover was used in order to reduce the intensity of the hot spots. In all
      experiments no cooling of the phantom surface or ring electrodes has been used.
      The results from this initiating study indicate the feasibility of this type of
      applicator for regional deep heating, although more experimental work is needed
      when the applicator is used to heat tissue bodies with a diameter larger than
      13.5 cm. Already, the applicator in its most simple design may be of clinical
      value for hyperthermic treatment of tumors in arms or legs.

PMID- 3361165
TI  - Hyperthermic effect of centrally administered bradykinin in the rat: role of
      prostaglandins and serotonin.
AB  - Intracerebroventricularly administered bradykinin (2.5, 5 and 10 micrograms/rat)
      produced a dose-related increase in the rectal temperature of adult Wistar strain
      albino rats. The bradykinin-induced hyperthermia was significantly attenuated
      following pretreatment of the animals with pharmacological agents which
      selectively reduce rat brain serotonin or prostaglandin (PG) activity. These
      findings, and those of earlier reports emanating from this laboratory which
      indicate that centrally administered bradykinin augments rat brain serotonin and
      PGE2 activity, suggest the involvement of PGs and serotonin in the hyperthermic
      action of bradykinin in this species.

PMID- 3361166
TI  - Acute heat injury to the normal swine rectum.
AB  - Intracavitary hyperthermia was applied to the rectum of normal pigs at 43
      degrees, 44 degrees, 45 degrees, 46 degrees, 47 degrees and 48 degrees C for 30
      min. A score of temperature-induced histological changes of each specimen was
      made 48 h after heating. The scores from each specimen and temperature were used
      for regression analysis. Judging from the regression lines of the scores obtained
      for rectum and oesophagus, we conclude that the thermosensitivity of the rectum
      is about 1 degree C higher than that of the oesophagus. It suggested that 43
      degrees C/30 min could be a safe dose for normal rectum. The thermosensitivity of
      swine rectum is discussed.

PMID- 3361167
TI  - The effect of hyperthermia on murine leukaemia cells in combination with
      photodynamic therapy.
AB  - Mouse leukaemia L1210 cells were subjected to hyperthermia (43.0 +/- 0.05 degrees
      C, water bath) and photodynamic therapy (50 micrograms/ml haematoporphyrin
      derivative (HpD), 630 +/- 5 nm at 0.1 mW/cm2) for varying lengths of treatment
      time in different sequences. Dose-response curves showed that the two modalities
      interact to make the combination more cytotoxic than the sum of the separate
      individual treatments, and that a determining factor is the intracellular
      concentration of HpD of tumour cells during hyperthermia. High cytotoxic
      (synergistic) effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) were obtained when PDT was
      performed after hyperthermia following HpD administration. However, only additive
      cytotoxic effects were found, when hyperthermia was performed after HpD
      administration and PDT. These cytotoxic data were supported by DNA damage (the
      increase in single-stranded DNA) as revealed by flow cytometry in cells stained
      with acridine orange (AO). These in vitro experiments suggest that clinical
      applications of PDT after hyperthermia with HpD injection might be useful.

PMID- 3361168
TI  - Thermotolerance induced by heat and ethanol.
AB  - The effect of ethanol and heat on the thermosensitivity of 3-day-old larvae of
      the fresh water snail Lymnaea stagnalis is investigated, especially with regard
      to the kinetics of thermotolerance, the effect on protein synthesis and the
      pattern of proteins synthesized. Both stress factors, in a mild dose, induce a
      state of thermotolerance with the following characteristics: (i) it is not
      accompanied by an enhanced synthesis of HSPs, (ii) it needs only 10-30 min to
      develop maximally, and (iii) it decays within 60-90 min after it has been
      triggered. At a higher dose both factors induce an enhanced synthesis of the HSP
      65, HSP 70, and HSP 87, and also a more stable state of thermotolerance beside
      the thermotolerant state present shortly after the trigger. It appears that the
      synthesis of HSPs is enhanced only when the overall protein synthesis is
      depressed. The data are discussed in relation to the putative functions of heat
      shock proteins. It is suggested that the constitutive levels of the HSPs provide
      the rapid protection against heat. An induced level of HSPs is necessary for the
      extension of the thermotolerant state.

PMID- 3361169
TI  - [Changes in the innervation of the uterus during pregnancy and following
      parturition. Histochemical and electron microscopic observations in rat and
      humans].
AB  - A histochemical, electronmicroscopic study was made of time changes in uterine
      nerves during and after pregnancy in rats. Uterine observations in pregnant
      humans were also conducted with the following results. 1. Except at the oviductal
      end, the catecholamine (CA) fluorescence of adrenergic nerves distributed in the
      uterine horn myometrium begins to decrease around the implantation sites, and
      this spreads peripherally until most of the fluorescence in the uterine horns,
      including the mesometrium, disappears directly after parturition. 2. In lactating
      rats, fluorescence is almost completely restored by 1 month after parturition.
      But in non-lactating rats, recovery of fluorescence after parturition is delayed
      about 3 months. 3. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in rat uterine
      cholinergic nerves clearly decreased during pregnancy. 4. In the early, middle
      and late periods of pregnancy, axonal swelling, agglutination of axonal cytoplasm
      and mitochondrial breakdown were observed, but no marked degeneration appeared in
      virgin rat uteri. 5. In humans, there was a sporadic distribution of adrenergic
      nerves in the uterine body myometrium, but fluorescent fibers were present in the
      terminal period of pregnancy. These results suggest that rat uterine nerves,
      especially most adrenergic nerves, degenerate and regenerate throughout
      pregnancy, parturition and puerperium. Apparently a localized humoral factor from
      the placenta and systemic endocrine environment affected by lactation or non
      lactation is involved in the process.

PMID- 3361171
TI  - [Fundamental studies on transcutaneous bilirubinometry in newborn infants using
      an organ scanning spectrophotometer].
AB  - In vivo reflectance spectra in the visible region were recorded on the blanched
      skin on the foreheads, chests, arms and legs of 140 newborn infants using an
      organ scanning spectrophotometer, and corresponding total serum bilirubin levels
      were determined. An elevation in the absolute spectra was observed in the 460 nm
      region for the higher bilirubin level, and the isosbestic point was located in
      the 510 nm region. A linear relationship was observed between the reflectance
      spectra difference and the serum bilirubin level. Although the best analysis
      results were obtained from the measurements of the reflectance spectra difference
      between 460 nm and 510 nm on the chests (r = 0.954, Y = 40.62X + 1.36), or on
      sums of 4 measuring sites (r = 0.973, Y = 46.59X + 0.61), there was no
      statistical difference from the values obtained between 460 nm and 550 nm on the
      foreheads (r = 0.913, Y = 33.55X + 5.30). The slopes and the Y-intercepts of the
      linear regressions differed considerably at various measuring sites. Marked
      decreases in the reflectance spectra differences were observed during the
      phototherapies and prominent rebounds followed for 24 hours after the cessation
      of phototherapies. The noninvasive and simple reflectance method was sensitive to
      the bilirubin level in the tissue and might be a better indicator of neonatal
      risk of kernicterus. However, the optical method has a certain limitations in
      representing the bilirubin concentration in the blood stream, especially during,
      and for 24 hours, after phototherapies.

PMID- 3361170
TI  - [The effect of metoclopramide, dexamethasone and antihistamine in the prevention
      of PAC chemotherapy-induced emesis].
AB  - The effect of antiemetic agents on the nausea and emesis of ovarian cancer
      patients treated with CDDP (45 mg/m2), ADM (45 mg/m2) and CPM (450 mg/m2)
      combination chemotherapy was examined in a randomized parallel study.
      Metoclopramide (1 mg/kg, 4 times every 2.5 hours), dexamethasone (3.8 mg, 4 times
      every 2.5 hours) and antihistamine (10 mg, 2 times every 5 hours) were used as
      antiemetic agents and these agents were gradually decreased for 5 days. The above
      regimen significantly suppressed the frequency and volume of vomiting on the day
      of the first PAC chemotherapy but showed no effect on the delayed persistent
      nausea during chemotherapy. The frequency and volume of vomiting on the day of
      chemotherapy were 1.6 times and 102 ml respectively in the antiemetic group, but
      8.9 times and 352 ml, respectively, in the control group. Although this
      antiemetic regimen sufficiently suppressed acute drug-induced emesis during
      chemotherapy, delayed persistent nausea was not eliminated. We next investigated
      whether these combined antiemetic agents protected the quality of life of
      patients during maintenance chemotherapy. Our data indicated that about 2 weeks
      was necessary to recover health after maintenance PAC chemotherapy. These results
      indicated that this regimen was effective in suppressing the acute drug-induced
      emesis and in maintaining the quality of life following maintenance PAC
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3361172
TI  - [The character of premature baby's blood taurine concentration and urinary
      taurine excretion].
AB  - The concentration of taurine in fetal blood and in mother's milk is very high. In
      the present study, in order to elucidate the nutritional role of taurine during
      fetal and neonatal age we investigated the urinary taurine excretion and the
      blood taurine concentration change in premature babies. 1. The blood taurine
      concentration of infants on the first postnatal day decreased along with
      gestation between 7-10 gestational months. On the other hand, there was no
      difference in the concentrations of blood total amino acids in infants on the
      first postnatal day in 7-10 gestational months. 2. The blood taurine
      concentration of infants decreased remarkably during one week after birth. This
      tendency to decrease was more prominent in premature infants--those at 8 to 10
      gestational months. 3. The urinary excretion of taurine and total amino acids of
      infants remarkably decreased along with gestation between 7-10 gestational
      months. This tendency to decrease was the most prominent in infants between 7 and
      8 gestational months.

PMID- 3361173
TI  - [Enhancing effect of irradiation on carcinoma of the uterine cervix by
      administering the protein-bound polysaccharide kureha (PSK)--quantitative nuclear
      DNA analysis following irradiation].
AB  - The combined effect of PSK and radiation therapy has been studied in 34 patients
      with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix by noting the tumor cell
      kinetics change following irradiation. The DNA content of Pararosanillin-Feulgen
      stained tumor cells was measured by cytofluorometry to elucidate tumor cell
      kinetics. Twenty-one cases (PSK group) were administrated 3g. or 6g. of PSK daily
      until at least 30Gy. Thirteen cases (control group) were treated with external
      cobalt-60 irradiation without PSK. In radiosensitive cases (n = 29; PSK group:
      19, control group: 10), the PSK group had a smaller Over 4C Cell population in
      the DNA histogram after 14Gy than the control group, and the population at 20 Gy
      in the PSK group was significantly smaller (p less than 0.05). At 20Gy, the PSK
      group showed better histopathological response than the control group according
      to the Ooboshi-Shimosato classification, and the PSK group showed a smaller giant
      cell formation and more colliquative necrosis. These findings indicated that Over
      4C cell (giant cell) formation due to endomitosis was decreased because of the
      increase in lethal damage to tumor cells following PSK administration with
      irradiation. In radioresistant cases (n = 5) also, there seemed to be an
      advantage.

PMID- 3361174
TI  - [Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by several methods in the uterine cervix of
      pregnant women].
AB  - Most pregnant women who have Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in the
      uterine cervix are asymptomatic. Several ways of detecting C.trachomatis were
      tested on 331 pregnant women, as well as 146 female patients attending our STD
      clinic as a control. 1) The detection rates for C.trachomatis in the cervix of
      pregnant women were 5.1% using the cell culture method, 2.4% with Micro Trak, and
      2.2% employing Chlamydiazyme. These rates were higher in those patients visiting
      the STD clinic. 2) In pregnant women, the positive rate of Chlamydiazyme was
      66.7% in the cell culture-positive cervical specimens, whereas Micro Trak was
      positive in 33.3%. 3) The antibody-positive rate was 84.6% in cases with PID
      caused by C.trachomatis. The antibody was found in only 17.7% of the pregnant
      women. Additionally, no significant correlation was noted between the antibody
      titer and C.trachomatis colonization in specimens obtained from the cervix of
      pregnant women. Although Micro Trak, Chlamydiazyme and possibly the microplate
      immunofluorescence antibody technique can be substituted for a cell culture
      method for detecting C.trachomatis in cases of symptomatic infection, these tests
      are not considered to be useful for screening Chlamydia-positive pregnant women.

PMID- 3361175
TI  - Ultrastructural and endocrinological study of the human endometrium and decidua
      using the organ culture method.
AB  - Explants of human endometrium and decidua were cultured for 96 hours using the
      organ culture method. The tissues were observed under light and electron
      microscopes. The prolactin concentrations of the mediums and of the tissues were
      assayed with I131-prolactin kits. The prolactin concentrations in the mediums
      continued to increase during the 96-hour organ culture to 16ng/100mg w.w. for the
      proliferative endometrium, 200ng/100mg w.w. for the late secretory endometrium
      and 5.5 micrograms/100mg w.w. for the early gestational decidua.
      Ultrastructurally, each endometrial stromal cell and decidual stromal cell
      revealed its secretory appearance. For instance, after the culture there was an
      increase in ribosomes and Golgi apparatus, and the cisternae of the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) expanded. The differentiation of the stromal cells
      into fully developed decidual cells in ultrastructure was proportional to the
      increase in prolactin concentrations in the medium during the culture.

PMID- 3361176
TI  - Ultrastructural classification of decidual stromal cells and their distribution
      during organ culture.
AB  - Decidua parietalis in the early stage of gestation were cultured for 96 hours
      using the organ culture method. The cultured explants were observed under
      electron microscopes and the prolactin concentrations of the mediums and of the
      tissues were measured by radioimmunoassay to study their endocrinological
      activity. The following five characteristic components of decidual cells were
      ultrastructurally selected to type the cells: 1) thickness of external lamina, 2)
      chromatin patterns of nuclei, 3) amounts of cytoplasmic organelles, 4) existence
      of dilatation of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and 5) existence of
      peduncular cytoplasmic processes and reflexive gap junctions. Using these five
      characteristics, the decidual stromal cells were classified into 3 types. After
      the organ culture had set for 96 hours, Type III cells increased and massive
      amounts of prolactin were detectable in the mediums.

PMID- 3361178
TI  - Low levels of HCG in amniotic fluid in case of a pregnancy complicated with
      Graves' disease.

PMID- 3361177
TI  - [DNA synthetic cell analysis by monoclonal antibody of bromodeoxyuridine in
      patients with endometrial carcinoma].

PMID- 3361179
TI  - Immunohistochemical approach for detection of the proliferating cells in uterine
      cancer.

PMID- 3361180
TI  - [Calcium metabolism in pregnancy-induced hypertension and its treatment].

PMID- 3361182
TI  - [A case of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17,20-desmolase deficiency].

PMID- 3361181
TI  - [On patients with premature ovarian failure, restoring ovulatory cycles].

PMID- 3361183
TI  - [Idiopathic ovarian hemorrhage].

PMID- 3361184
TI  - [3 successful cases of pregnancy with severely impaired renal function].

PMID- 3361185
TI  - [Effects of androgen on 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone secretion by cultured
      human granulosa cells].
AB  - Human granulosa-luteal cells obtained from dominant preovulatory follicles at the
      time of oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization (about 10 h after the peak of
      the endogenous LH surge) produced large quantities of progesterone (P) (8.7
      pg/cell/first 2 days) in a monolayer culture. Although basal production of
      estradiol (E2) in these granulosa-luteal cells was restricted to small
      quantities, a marked increase in E2 production occurred in the presence of
      testosterone (T) (10(-6) M) as aromatizable substrate. The non-aromatizable
      androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M) slightly
      enhanced E2 production in these granulosa-luteal cells and it did not inhibit T
      aromatization. In contrast, DHT did not increase E2 production in cultured
      granulosa cells obtained from follicles 2 approximately 5 days before the LH
      surge. Thus, the response of granulosa cells to exogenous androgen seems to vary
      at different stages of cell differentiation. Neither T nor DHT elicited
      significant changes in the production of P by granulosa-luteal cells obtained
      from preovulatory follicles during the LH surge. However, T (10(-6) M) suppressed
      hCG-stimulated P production in these cells. The results suggest that androgen
      enhances the estrogen biosynthesis of granulosa-luteal cells obtained from
      preovulatory follicles during the LH surge not only by acting as substrate for
      aromatization but also by participating in some process of estrogen synthesis.
      Further, it is suggested that androgen has a negative effect on P biosynthesis in
      these cells.

PMID- 3361186
TI  - [Multivariate statistical analysis of the postoperative recurrence factors in
      uterine cervical carcinoma].
AB  - In 211 patients with postoperative cervical carcinoma, we studied the
      relationship between the recurrence and various factors, and the interrelation
      among the factors. 1) Lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, number of
      complaints, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma, and number of pregnancies
      were associated with recurrence. Signs of myelic injury and large cell non
      keratinizing carcinoma were associated with less recurrence. Maintenance
      chemotherapy markedly improved the prognosis. 2) Lymph node metastasis was
      frequently associated with an advanced stage, adenocarcinoma or increased
      erythrocyte sedimentation. Increased sedimentation was rarely associated with
      greater numbers of pregnancy or keratinizing carcinoma. Signs of myelic injury
      were rare in cases of advanced stage or large cell carcinoma and frequent in
      cases of long periods of illness. 3) Intrapelvic recurrence was related to early
      recurrence and maintenance chemotherapy, and extrapelvic recurrence to increased
      sedimentation, late recurrence, adenocarcinoma and no chemotherapy. 4) Early
      recurrence was associated with shorter periods of illness, lymph node metastasis
      and no chemotherapy, but late recurrence was associated with longer periods of
      illness, no lymph node metastasis, maintenance chemotherapy and adenocarcinoma.
      5) The prognosis and the required periods of maintenance chemotherapy could be
      determined by Z = 4.3817.X1 + 1.2366.X2-0.0916.X3 + 2.3257.X4-1.9606.X5 +
      1.6477.X6-0.1967.X7- 7.3047, with rates of inaccuracy of 13.9% for cases of no
      recurrence and 15.1% for recurrent cases.

PMID- 3361187
TI  - [Sperm-immobilizing antibodies in serum, follicular fluid and ascites].
AB  - Antisperm antibodies appear to impair reproduction. Follicular fluids, ascites
      and sera taken at the time of oocyte recovery from patients undergoing gamete
      intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) were examined for the presence of sperm
      immobilizing antibodies and their immunoglobulin classes were determined. Three
      out of ten patients were found to have sperm immobilizing antibodies in their
      sera. The immunoglobulin classes of the antibodies were IgG and/or IgM, and no
      IgA class antibodies were detected. The same classes of antibodies found in sera
      also existed in follicular fluids and ascites in these patients. Furthermore,
      titers of the antibodies in follicular fluids and ascites were consistent with
      those of patients' sera.

PMID- 3361188
TI  - [Pregnancy in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis].
AB  - This study was carried out to clarify the effect of pregnancy on chronic
      glomerulonephritis (CGN). Fifteen patients with CGN diagnosed by renal biopsy
      were studied throughout 17 pregnancies. The following criteria were adopted: 1)
      Creatinine clearance (Ccr) over 70 ml/min and serum creatinine (s-Cr) 1.2 mg/dl
      or less. 2) Blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg when not receiving any
      medicine. 3) No evidence of active progress of nephropathy. In two patients
      excluded from the criteria, renal function was adversely affected, but there was
      no evidence that pregnancy affected the natural course of the underlying renal
      disease. In the patients to which the criteria were applied, the outcome of
      pregnancy and renal function were good. In conclusion, we recognized that there
      was no relationship between the body weight of the newborn and maternal serum
      albumin but that there was a significant correlation between serum uric acid and
      body weight (r = -0.67). These results show that serum uric acid is a useful
      indicator of placental dysfunction and fetal growth. In the patients with
      preeclampsia, the serum uric acid concentration was higher than in the CGN group
      (8.95 +/- 2.58 mg/dl vs 5.88 +/- 1.49 mg/dl: Scheffe method p less than 0.001).
      There was no significant difference between the CGN and normal control (5.88 +/-
      1.49 mg/dl vs 4.51 +/- 0.68: Scheffe method p less than 0.1). Uric acid serves to
      distinguish CGN and preeclampsia.

PMID- 3361189
TI  - [Significance of preoperative diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma by angio-CT].
AB  - Angio computed tomography (CT) was performed in 87 previously untreated patients
      with endometrial carcinoma to study its clinical usefulness. All the patients
      subsequently underwent surgery and the angio CT findings were correlated with the
      surgical and pathologic findings. The results were as follows: 1. The tumor
      appeared as areas of low density in comparison with the surrounding myometrium
      after intraarterial infusion of contrast medium. 2. Angio CT proved to be useful
      in determining the depth of myometrial invasion. The myometrial invasion measured
      from the serosal surface in millimeters was assessed on angio CT. The CT findings
      were correlated well with pathologic findings. 3. Patients with intact myometrium
      greater than 10mm from the serosal surface assessed by angio CT had no nodal
      metastases. Angio CT provides a better display of cross-sectional uterine
      pathology than CT after intravenous infusion of contrast medium. The depth of
      myometrial invasion measured from the serosa on angio CT seems to be a useful
      prognostic factor in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 3361190
TI  - [Establishment of a cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line and the
      mechanism of resistance].
AB  - A cisplatin-resistant cell line was established by using KF-1 cells derived from
      human serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. This resistant cell line,
      designated "KFr", was capable of proliferating in the presence of 1.0
      microgram/ml cisplatin. It had doubling times of 24.8 and 27.2 hr in the presence
      of 0.5 and 1.0 microgram/ml cisplatin, respectively. The morphologic
      characteristics of the KFr cells were an enlarged nucleus and prominent nucleoli,
      unlike the nucleus and nucleoli of the parent KF-1 cells. The degree of
      resistance to cisplatin of the KFr cells was about 20 times as great as that of
      the KF-1 cells, with regard to the concentrations of cisplatin required for 50%
      inhibition of cell proliferation. Although the cisplatin content in the KF-1
      cells incubated with 10 micrograms/ml cisplatin was increased in a time-dependent
      manner, that in the KFr cells reached the plateau level after 1.5 hr incubation
      with cisplatin. After about 4 hr incubation, the cellular content in the KFr
      cells was about a half of that in the KF-1 cells. When 0.5 mg cisplatin was
      administered i.p. to nude mice with KF-1 or KFr tumor, the cisplatin content in
      the KFr tumor was significantly lower than that in the KF-1 tumor. The KFr cells
      showed a cross-resistance to melphalan, while no cross-resistance to vincristine
      or 5-fluorouracil was observed. When 5 microM W-5 or W-7 was added in the
      presence of concentrations of cisplatin that hardly inhibited cell proliferation,
      the KFr cell proliferation was markedly inhibited. These findings suggest that
      the cisplatin resistance in the KFr cells may be due to an impaired cisplatin
      transport mechanisms and can be overcome by calmodulin antagonists.

PMID- 3361191
TI  - [Clinical pathology of uterine smooth muscle tumors--borderline lesions between
      leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas].

PMID- 3361192
TI  - [Current problems in mass screening for breast cancer].

PMID- 3361193
TI  - [Monitoring by serum triglyceride and beta-lipoprotein of a patient with primary
      retroperitoneal liposarcoma].

PMID- 3361194
TI  - [A case report of otocephaly with adrenal hypoplasia and genital anomalies].

PMID- 3361195
TI  - [Two cases of postpartum hemolytic uremic syndrome].

PMID- 3361196
TI  - English abstracts of proceedings of the twenty-fifth congress of the Japan
      Society for Cancer Therapy. Sapporo, Oct. 7, 8, 9, 1987.

PMID- 3361197
TI  - Idiopathic thenar muscle hypertrophy.
AB  - Two patients are described with idiopathic hypertrophy of the first dorsal
      interosseous and thenar muscles. CT scans have proved helpful in defining the
      abnormality.

PMID- 3361198
TI  - Piso-triquetral arthrosis as a cause of rupture of the profundus tendon of the
      little finger.
AB  - This case report describes a previously unreported cause of profundus rupture of
      the little finger due to arthrosis of the piso-triquetral joint. With heightened
      awareness of this entity, it is hoped that delays in diagnosis will be avoided.

PMID- 3361199
TI  - Wrist pain in the Madelung's deformity of dyschondrosteosis.
AB  - Madelung's deformity is the most recognizable clinical manifestation of
      dyschondrosteosis. The natural history of the painful wrist in this condition has
      not been well documented and a study of nineteen patients is reported, with a
      review of the literature on the surgical treatment.

PMID- 3361200
TI  - Leri-Weill syndrome (dyschondrosteosis): a family study.
AB  - Madelung's deformity due to Leri-Weill Syndrome (Dyschondrosteosis) is a rare
      condition. Six cases of this entity involving two generations in one family are
      reported in this communication. The differential diagnosis of the various causes
      of Madelung's deformity are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3361201
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in Madelung's deformity.
AB  - The authors describe a case of carpal tunnel syndrome due to Madelung's
      deformity. They discuss the pathophysiological causes of median nerve entrapment
      to explain the compression which occurs in this disease and its clinical
      implications. They take also into consideration the surgical approach to the
      carpal tunnel in this particular condition.

PMID- 3361202
TI  - Reverse Madelung's deformity with nerve compression.
AB  - A case of reversed Madelung's deformity with compression of the median nerve at
      the wrist and the ulnar nerve at the elbow is reported and the relevant
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 3361203
TI  - Madelung deformity.

PMID- 3361204
TI  - The blood supply of the flexor retinaculum.
AB  - The anatomical details of the vascularization of the flexor retinaculum of the
      hand have been studied. The principal sources of blood supply were revealed by
      means of coloured latex injection and trans-clarification by the Spalteholz
      method. Micro-dissection demonstrated the existence of two networks, superficial
      and deep; the superficial network is formed by branches of the ulnar artery and
      the deep network by branches of the palmar superficial arch. These observations
      could have practical significance with regard to the site of incision in carpal
      tunnel operations.

PMID- 3361205
TI  - Fulminating carpal tunnel syndrome due to gout.
AB  - Severe, fulminating carpal tunnel compression due to gout has not previously been
      described. We report such a case.

PMID- 3361206
TI  - Duplicate thumbs: a survey of results in twenty patients.
AB  - 20 patients were reviewed following surgery for bifid thumbs. Those patients with
      Wassel 1 or 2 duplications generally did well after their initial operation, but
      over half of those with Wassel 3 or 4 duplications required multiple procedures
      to achieve a satisfactory result.

PMID- 3361207
TI  - Some aspects of lumbrical function.
AB  - An electromyographic investigation was performed on the hands of six volunteers.
      The functioning of the lumbrical and flexor digitorum profundus muscles during
      resisted and unresisted extension was studied. No subject showed much
      simultaneous contraction of the two muscles in unresisted extension of the
      interphalangeal joints, but some showed marked simultaneous contraction during
      resisted extension. We suggest that, in these individuals, the profundus is
      acting to steady the origin of the lumbrical so that it can act more efficiently.

PMID- 3361208
TI  - An improved nail-hook for Kleinert traction.
AB  - A new type of hook for Kleinert traction is described. It is made out of wire for
      the individual finger and glued to the nail, the actual hook projecting distally.

PMID- 3361209
TI  - The role of cross-finger flaps in the primary management of untidy flexor tendon
      injuries.
AB  - This is a report of five patients who sustained untidy division of flexor tendons
      in zones 1 and 2, associated with overlying soft tissue loss. Contrary to
      traditional teaching, the tendon injuries were repaired primarily, and the tissue
      loss was made good with a cross-finger flap. At final evaluation, three cases
      were assigned excellent grades and two cases fair grades by Kleinert criteria.
      This unexpectedly favourable outcome may be due to a quality of the inner surface
      of the cross-finger flap and/or to staggering of the skin and tendon suture
      lines.

PMID- 3361210
TI  - Long term hand function without long finger extensors: a clinical study.
AB  - This study examines the premise that, following severe injuries to the dorsum of
      the hand, reconstruction of the long extensor tendons of the fingers may not be
      necessary for many patients. The long-term hand function of nine patients who
      sustained such injuries and had operations to provide skin cover only, has been
      comprehensively assessed using objective tests and a detailed questionnaire. It
      is concluded that provision of skin cover followed by intensive early
      mobilisation may be an adequate management of these injuries.

PMID- 3361211
TI  - Flexor digitorum profundus common to thumb and index finger, associated with a
      post-traumatic distal adherence of both tendons.
AB  - The existence of connections, in the form of tendon slips, between the tendons of
      the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus indicis has been
      described by different authors as being a relatively frequent anomaly. Complete
      fusion between the two muscles, however, must be considered a very rare anomaly.
      A bilateral case is described, in which the right hand also had post-traumatic
      adhesions between the two tendons.

PMID- 3361212
TI  - Clinical fracture of the carpal scaphoid--supportive bandage or plaster cast
      immobilization?
AB  - In a prospective study of 108 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fracture of
      the carpal scaphoid, but without radiological evidence of fracture, the patients
      were randomised to treatment with either a supportive bandage or a dorsal plaster
      cast. Four patients proved to have incomplete fractures and three to have
      avulsions from the scaphoid tuberosity. Two of the fractures had been suspected
      radiologically at the primary investigation. No complete fractures of the
      scaphoid were seen. The average time in plaster was 15 days and in a bandage 12.2
      days. The average sick leave for manual workers was 14 days in plaster and 4 days
      in a bandage, a difference that represents a significant loss of productivity.
      Since these fractures almost always heal irrespective of treatment, they may as
      well be treated as a soft tissue injury with a supportive bandage.

PMID- 3361213
TI  - Consequences of late immobilization of scaphoid fractures.
AB  - In order to determine the relationship between delay before immobilization and
      the development of non-union or delayed union, 285 fractures of the scaphoid have
      been analysed from records and radiographs. 16 non-unions and 25 of 27 fractures
      with delayed union were found in proximal pole or waist fractures in adults,
      which were analysed separately. No increment in the time to bony union or in the
      incidence of non-union was found following a delay of immobilization of less than
      four weeks, but when the delay exceeded four weeks, most fractures had healing
      complications.

PMID- 3361214
TI  - Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon resulting from the non-union of a
      scaphoid fracture.
AB  - A case is described in which a patient presented with a rupture of the flexor
      pollicis longus tendon resulting from an ununited scaphoid fracture. No similar
      case appears to have been reported in the literature. This was not an attrition
      rupture and the mechanism is explained. The proximal pole of the scaphoid was
      removed and the tendon repaired. The patient regained good movement at the
      interphalangeal joint of the thumb.

PMID- 3361215
TI  - Articular fractures of the distal scaphoid.
AB  - We propose an anatomical classification of fractures involving the distal
      articular surface of the scaphoid. The predominant patterns, in the 37 patients
      reviewed, were avulsion fractures from the radio-volar tip of the tuberosity and
      impaction fractures of the radial half of the articular surface. The possible
      mechanisms of injury are discussed.

PMID- 3361216
TI  - Transfer of sensory branches of radial nerve in hand surgery.
AB  - Transfer of sensory branches of the radial nerve to sensory branches of the ulnar
      or median nerves has been carried out to restore sensitivity to the digits in
      patients suffering from severe, longstanding and irreparable damage to the median
      or ulnar nerves, due to war injuries. The author describes the two surgical
      techniques in detail and reports the results obtained.

PMID- 3361217
TI  - A neurilemmoma and a neurofibroma in the same nerve trunk.

PMID- 3361218
TI  - Ray centralization without bone fixation for amputation of the middle finger.
AB  - Twelve patients requiring amputation of the middle finger have undergone
      resection of the entire ray, including a wedge from the capitate, and soft-tissue
      approximation of the index to the ring finger to close the gap. All regained full
      movement and a satisfactory appearance of the hand.

PMID- 3361219
TI  - An analysis of rectal morphology in obstructed defaecation.
AB  - Obstructed defaecation in the descending perineum syndrome has been attributed to
      anterior mucosal prolapse. Manometric and radiological measurements together with
      evacuation proctograms in 49 patients with obstructed defaecation and normal
      whole gut transit times were carried out and compared in a total of 25 controls.
      Proctography delineated four groups: (I) puborectalis accentuation, n = 11; (II)
      rectal intussusception, n = 25; (III) anterior rectal wall prolapse, n = 11; (IV)
      rectocele, n = 2. The anorectal angle at rest, maximum basal sphincter pressures
      and the rectoanal inhibitory reflex did not differ between the groups and
      controls. Group III achieved a greater increase in anorectal angle on straining
      than controls. Groups II and III exhibited significant perineal descent below the
      pubococcygeal line whereas group I did not. In perineal descent intussusception
      was the commonest morphological abnormality associated with obstructed
      defaecation. Isolated anterior mucosal prolapse was not observed, making local
      treatment aimed at reducing its bulk questionable.

PMID- 3361220
TI  - Recovery of the internal anal sphincter following rectopexy: a possible
      explanation for continence improvement.
AB  - Twenty-one patients suffering from rectal prolapse (n = 15) or internal rectal
      procidentia (n = 6) were investigated clinically and by anorectal manometry prior
      to and six months following retopexy. Rectal prolapse was associated with
      incontinence in 67% (10/15) of the patients preoperatively. The moderately or
      severely incontinent patients had lower than normal maximum anal resting
      pressures (MAP) and those with severe incontinence also had lower than normal
      maximum squeeze pressure (MSP). Postoperatively only 20% (3/15) of the patients
      remained incontinent and none of them suffered severe incontinence. MAP values
      increased significantly indicating that improvement of the function of the
      internal anal sphincter may be one of the factors contributing to better
      continence. Rectal sensibility was impaired in patients with rectal prolapse as
      compared to 15 controls. There was no postoperative change. Patients with
      internal rectal procidentia had normal MAP and MSP and no postoperative change
      could be demonstrated.

PMID- 3361221
TI  - Metronidazole versus placebo in the treatment of gaseous discomfort in patients
      having an ileostomy. A double-blind cross-over investigation.
AB  - In a double-blind, cross-over trial with metronidazole (Flagyl) 400 mg twice
      daily and placebo given to suitably adjusted ileostomy operated patients during
      two week periods, no significant reduction could be demonstrated in gaseous
      discomfort as measured by the number of bag emptyings per day, as well as gaseous
      symptoms in the form of the passage of flatulence from the stoma and borborygmi.

PMID- 3361222
TI  - Indications and outcome of reoperation for ileostomy complications in
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Indications for ileostomy revision in 49 patients with inflammatory bowel disease
      operated upon between January 1975 and December 1984 were obstruction (15),
      retraction (10), parastomal hernia (9), prolapse (8), and fistula (4). Recurrent
      Crohn's disease was an important factor in the pathogenesis of ileostomy
      complications particularly obstruction, retraction and fistula. Local revision
      without laparotomy was successful in seven of eight patients with an ileostomy
      prolapse, but in only four of eight patients with a retracted stoma. Results of
      local repair without laparotomy and resiting were successful in five of six
      patients with a parastomal hernia. Laparotomy was usually necessary in patients
      with obstruction especially if there was underlying Crohn's disease and in
      patients with peristomal fistula. Resiting of the stoma after laparotomy was used
      only if the stoma site was outside the rectus muscle or if the original stoma
      site was infected.

PMID- 3361223
TI  - Manometric follow-up of anal sphincter function after an ileo-anal pouch
      procedure.
AB  - Between January 1985 and January 1987 restorative proctocolectomy with J-pouch
      was undertaken in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis. In all patients anal
      manometry was performed preoperatively, before closure of the temporary ileostomy
      (mean 3.9 months after operation) and 3,6 and 12 months after the closure of the
      ileostomy. Preoperatively the basal resting pressure was 60.2 +/- 12 cm water and
      the maximum squeeze pressure 88.5 +/- 18 cm water. After the operation the
      respective pressures were 33.2 +/- 8 and 68 +/- 21 cm water, a decrease of 45% (p
      less than 0.05) and 12% (p less than 0.05), respectively. One year after the
      closure of the loop ileostomy the basal pressure was 46.2 +/- 9 cm water, which
      is still 23% lower (p less than 0.05) than preoperatively. At the same time the
      maximum squeeze pressure was 96.5 +/- 13 cm water, 8% higher (p greater than 0.1)
      than preoperatively. The continence of the patients at the end of the follow-up
      was either good (n = 6) or excellent (n = 9). A correlation seemed to exist
      between sphincter pressures and the degree of continence. It is concluded that
      the internal anal sphincter suffers damage during the operation and slowly
      recovers up to 6 months after closure of the covering ileostomy. After that its
      function usually does not improve and remains at a lower level than
      preoperatively.

PMID- 3361224
TI  - Large bowel adenomas containing carcinoma--a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
AB  - Adenomas containing invasive carcinoma of the large bowel form the majority of
      early colorectal cancers. Conclusive histological diagnosis of early colorectal
      cancer depends on two conditions; first, the whole lesion must be examined and
      second the resection margin must border on healthy tissue. The presence of
      certain histopathological features makes it possible to distinguish between cases
      with high and low risk of having lymph node metastases. Sixty-six adenomas
      containing invasive carcinoma are reported. They comprised 3.15% of 2,095
      adenomas removed by colonoscopic polypectomy during the same period. Five cases
      were lost to follow-up. Forty-nine patients considered to be at low risk of
      having lymph node metastases have been treated by endoscopic polypectomy only
      with a rigorous follow-up regime including CEA estimation, ultrasonography and
      total colonoscopy at regular intervals. In none have distant metastases been
      found on follow-up examinations at a mean duration of 3 years. Two of these cases
      have developed a metachronous colorectal carcinoma and 15 (30.5%) have
      metachronous adenomas. Two low risk patients with no tumour found in the
      operative specimen have undergone major surgical resection. Ten high risk cases
      have been referred for major surgery and lymph node metastases have been found in
      four (40%). The need for careful histological examination for lymphatic and
      veinous invasion is stressed by the presence of this finding in all four high
      risk patients with involved lymph nodes.

PMID- 3361225
TI  - Relationship between results of radiological pelvic floor study and anorectal
      manometry in patients consulting for constipation.
AB  - The aim of this study was to assess (a) the incidence of perineal descent and (b)
      the relationship between radiological abnormalities of the pelvic floor and
      rectoanal manometric disturbances in patients consulting for constipation.
      Lateral radiographs in both the left lateral and supine positions studied pelvic
      floor descent. Results obtained in the 25 patients (mean age 47 years) studied
      were compared with those of 12 controls (mean age 58 years). Pelvic floor
      descent, never seen in controls, was demonstrated in 14 patients who were older
      (53 +/- 3 years, mean +/- SD) than the 11 with a normal radiological examination
      (38 +/- 3 years, p less than 0.05). Anal low pressures (3 cases) and a low
      amplitude of rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) (5 cases) were shown only in
      patients with perineal descent and anal high pressures only in those with normal
      radiology. Our results suggest that (a) perineal descent is a common finding in
      over 50% of constipated patients and (b) anorectal motility is related to pelvic
      floor function.

PMID- 3361227
TI  - Fibronectin and phagocytic clearance mechanisms.

PMID- 3361226
TI  - Healing of a left colon anastomosis after early colostomy closure. An
      experimental study in the rat.
AB  - The healing of a standardized left colon anastomosis after early (7 days) closure
      of a concomitant proximal diverting colostomy was studied experimentally. Early
      closure of the diverting colostomy could be conducted safely by an
      intraperitoneal technique and the healing of the primary anastomosis was
      uncomplicated. Colostomy closure in the proliferative phase of wound healing
      resulted in development of anastomotic strength similar to colonic healing
      without faecal diversion. The anastomotic strength had doubled after three weeks.
      As compared to colostomy closure in the remodelling phase of anastomotic healing
      development of anastomotic strength was more rapid and without serious local
      complications.

PMID- 3361228
TI  - The insignificance of a probability value of p less than 0.05 in the evaluation
      of medical scientific studies.

PMID- 3361229
TI  - Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function after surgical injury and
      phagocytosis of immune complexes: effect of changes in plasma fibronectin.
AB  - The present study evaluated the effect of changes in plasma fibronectin levels on
      the degree of depression of in vivo clearance function of Kupffer cell complement
      receptors after injury and the phagocytosis of immune complexes. In vitro studies
      have suggested that fibronectin may act as an opsonin for the clearance of immune
      complexes from the blood by binding to C1q and may influence the expression and
      activation of immune receptors on macrophages. Complement receptor clearance
      function was assessed in rats from the hepatic uptake of rat erythrocytes coated
      with antierythrocyte IgM. Increasing plasma fibronectin by the injection of
      purified fibronectin or decreasing fibronectin by the injection of gelatin had no
      effect on complement receptor function in otherwise normal animals. Surgical
      injury depressed both plasma fibronectin levels and complement receptor function.
      Injection of fibronectin at the time of injury prevented the depression of
      receptor function; however, when fibronectin was given 1 hour after injury,
      receptor function remained depressed even though fibronectin levels were
      increased. The phagocytosis of immune complexes (IgG-coated rat erythrocytes
      [EIgGs]) depressed complement receptor function but did not depress plasma
      fibronectin levels. The depression of receptor function caused by the
      phagocytosis of EIgGs was prevented by administering fibronectin and was
      potentiated by administering gelatin, which decreased plasma fibronectin levels.
      Therefore, plasma fibronectin concentrations can influence in vivo Kupffer cell
      complement receptor function under certain conditions that lead to the depression
      of complement receptor function.

PMID- 3361231
TI  - Impaired neutrophil defense against Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with iron
      overload who are undergoing dialysis.
AB  - Increased risk that patients with iron overload who are undergoing dialysis will
      have bacteremia caused by Yersinia enterocolitica has previously been shown. Iron
      overload is known to increase the virulence of Y. enterocolitica. Whether
      alterations of the phagocyte defense against this organism are also involved has
      not yet been determined. We compared neutrophil defense against a serum-resistant
      strain of Y. enterocolitica in three groups of individuals: nine patients
      receiving hemodialysis who had iron overload (group 1), nine patients receiving
      hemodialysis who did not have iron overload (group 2), and 10 healthy controls
      (group 3). Y. enterocolitica phagocytosis and killing were studied in the
      presence of autologous or pooled normal human serum. Phagocytosis was
      significantly decreased in group 1 compared with that in the other two groups.
      The use of normal serum for opsonization did not improve the phagocytosis
      function. Killing was moderately decreased in the group 1, but only in the
      presence of autologous serum. We conclude that in patients with iron overload who
      are undergoing dialysis, the high frequency of Yersinia bacteremia is
      attributable not only to increased virulence of this microorganism but also to
      disturbances of the mechanisms specifically involved in the neutrophil defense
      against Yersinia invasion.

PMID- 3361230
TI  - Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by beta 2
      glycoprotein I.
AB  - beta 2-Glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H), a constituent of normal human plasma,
      has been shown to inhibit the generation of amidolytic activity in plasma that
      has been exposed to negatively charged agents. Studies with purified Hageman
      factor (factor XII) demonstrate that this inhibitory property is directed against
      the activation of Hageman factor. In this study beta 2-glycoprotein I inhibited
      the kaolin-induced generation of clot-promoting properties in solutions of
      Hageman factor. This effect was localized to an interaction between beta 2
      glycoprotein I and kaolin. In contrast, once Hageman factor was activated by
      kaolin, its clot-promoting properties were not inhibited by beta 2-glycoprotein
      I. Further, beta 2-glycoprotein inhibited the generation of amidolytic activity
      against H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride in
      mixtures of Hageman factor and ellagic acid. The specificity of the action of
      beta 2-glycoprotein I was confirmed by its neutralization by immunoglobulin
      fractions of antiserums directed against this protein.

PMID- 3361232
TI  - Effect of arteriovenous shunting on plasma vasopressin levels in the anesthetized
      dog.
AB  - Studies were performed in dogs anesthetized with chloralose to establish the
      plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) response to 30-minute periods of femoral
      arteriovenous (AV) shunting at levels of either 10%, 30%, or 50% of control
      cardiac output. Significant increases in cardiac output, heart rate, and total
      body peripheral resistance (shunt resistance excluded), suggesting decreased
      sinoaortic baroreceptor activity, occurred at shunt fractions greater than 10%.
      There were no significant changes in plasma concentrations of AVP at any level of
      AV shunting. In separate studies, significant elevations in plasma AVP levels
      were observed in vagotomized dogs during AV shunting of 50% of control cardiac
      output. These results indicate that AV shunting less than or equal to 50% of
      cardiac output does not acutely alter plasma AVP levels in the intact dog and
      that cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents suppress AVP release that
      might otherwise occur in this canine model of AV shunting.

PMID- 3361233
TI  - Effect of meclofenamate on lithium excretion in response to changes in renal
      perfusion pressure.
AB  - Previous studies in dogs have demonstrated that inhibition of prostaglandin
      synthesis markedly impairs the ability of the kidney to alter sodium excretion in
      response to changes in renal perfusion pressure (RPP). The objectives of the
      present study were to determine whether renal prostaglandins play a role in the
      urinary sodium excretory response to alterations in RPP in the rat and to
      determine the role of the proximal tubule in this response. RPP was changed from
      127 to 109 mm Hg and then to 91 mm Hg with a servo-controlled cuff on the
      abdominal aorta. Fractional lithium excretion (FELi) was used as an index of
      ractional sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule. As a function of increases
      in RPP, FELi increased, suggesting that fractional sodium reabsorption by the
      proximal tubule was decreased in response to increases in RPP in control animals.
      In meclofenamate-treated rats, increases in fractional sodium excretion and FELi
      in response to increases in RPP were attenuated compared with levels in control
      animals. The blunted response of FELi in meclofenamate-treated rats suggests that
      the attenuated increase in urinary sodium excretion observed during increases in
      RPP reflects an increase in proximal sodium reabsorption mediated by blockade of
      renal prostaglandins.

PMID- 3361234
TI  - Isolated vitamin E deficiency in the absence of fat malabsorption--familial and
      sporadic cases: characterization and investigation of causes.
AB  - We observed four young adults, including three siblings, with a progressive
      neurologic disorder that developed over the first two decades. Electrophysiologic
      studies revealed mildly delayed nerve conduction, decreased amplitudes of sensory
      action potentials, and sensory delay in the posterior columns. Known causes of
      similar neurologic disorders were excluded. Although vitamin E deficiency was
      well documented, intestinal absorption and plasma lipoprotein transport of
      vitamin E were normal. Incubation studies in vitro failed to identify a plasma
      factor causing destruction of circulating vitamin E. There was no clinical or
      laboratory evidence of steatorrhea caused by gastrointestinal, hepatic, or
      pancreatic disease. Plasma lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, and adipose tissue
      fatty acid composition were normal. Oral vitamin E therapy restored serum levels
      to normal and caused neurologic improvement in two patients. We postulate that an
      inherited defect in hepatocyte secretion of vitamin E into lipoproteins may
      account for this disorder, which occurs in sporadic cases as well as in siblings.

PMID- 3361235
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antigens of Coccidioides immitis: human
      sera interference corrected by acidification-heat extraction.
AB  - We describe the distortion caused by sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis
      in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for coccidioidal antigen. In
      experimental mixtures without exogenous antigen, immune sera produced an antigen
      like effect. In contrast, in mixtures with a relatively large concentration of
      exogenous antigen, immune sera obscured antigen activity. In both circumstances,
      preparing specimens with an acidification-heat extraction procedure before assay
      rectified serum interference, and only in specimens with no exogenous antigen was
      the correction incomplete. Other evidence, including direct measurement of
      anticoccidioidal antibody after extraction, suggested that the residual antigen
      like activity was not from persistent antibody. Incorporating the extraction
      procedure into the ELISA of clinical specimens, we found antigen activity in nine
      of 15 specimens. We conclude that acidification-heat extraction of sera improves
      detection of coccidioidal antigens and that coccidioidal antigens are present in
      some patients with coccidioidal infection.

PMID- 3361236
TI  - Clinical use of the total dose intravenous infusion of iron dextran.
AB  - Eighty-seven patients with anemia and absent bone marrow hemosiderin were given
      treatment with total dose intravenous infusions of iron dextran. The effect of
      rate of infusion and premedication with diphenhydramine, aspirin, and
      methylprednisolone on acute and delayed reactions was assessed. All patients were
      monitored for 72 hours after infusion. Two patients reacted to the test dose. One
      responded with generalized body pain that lasted approximately 5 minutes. In one
      an anaphylactoid reaction developed, which was promptly terminated by intravenous
      methylprednisolone, subcutaneous epinephrine, and intravenous diphenhydramine.
      Transient delayed adverse reactions easily controlled by nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs occurred in 37 patients. The most common delayed reaction was
      a syndrome characterized by arthralgia, myalgia, and fever. Seven subjects had a
      chronic disease in addition to anemia with absent bone marrow iron. In all seven
      normal hemoglobin and hematocrit values were attained after treatment. The
      results of our experience with total dose intravenous iron dextran therapy
      suggest that it be the preferred method of replenishment in clinical situations
      where parenteral administration of iron is indicated. An unexpected benefit was
      the efficaciousness of this method of administration in patients with iron
      deficiency and coexisting chronic disease. A protocol for its administration is
      proposed.

PMID- 3361237
TI  - Site-specific cancer mortality among Kentucky residents, 1971-1985.

PMID- 3361238
TI  - On loneliness.

PMID- 3361239
TI  - AIDS. Epidemiology and future projections in Georgia.

PMID- 3361240
TI  - The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and syphilis among
      female prostitutes in Atlanta.

PMID- 3361241
TI  - Transfusion-related HIV infection.

PMID- 3361242
TI  - Does the threat of AIDS in Georgia justify distributing free needles and syringes
      to addicts?

PMID- 3361243
TI  - AIDS information resources.

PMID- 3361244
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3361245
TI  - Physician beware!

PMID- 3361246
TI  - Should children be included in early prevention efforts aimed at reducing
      coronary heart disease?

PMID- 3361247
TI  - Justice between generations and health care for the elderly.

PMID- 3361248
TI  - Age and the allocation of medical resources.
AB  - How are we to decide where our scarce medical resources are most effectively
      spent? The notion of a quality-adjusted-life-year has been proposed as a way of
      doing this. Some economists appear to think that this can be done without making
      ethical assumptions. We examine the application of this notion to the treatment
      of premature newborns, and especially to comparisons between the value of medical
      care for newborns, and the value of medical care for older people. We find that
      some highly questionable ethical assumptions are involved in such comparisons.

PMID- 3361249
TI  - Justice and the severely demented elderly.
AB  - In this paper I address the relation between just claims to health care and
      severe cognitive impairment from dementia. Two general approaches to justice in
      allocation of health care are distinguished--prudential allocation and
      interpersonal distribution. First, I analyze why a patient who has died has no
      further claims to health care. Second, I show why prudential allocators would not
      provide for health care treatment should they be in a persistent vegetative
      state. Third, I argue that the destruction of personal identity from severe
      dementia implies that only claims to palliative, but not life-sustaining, health
      care remain. Finally, I argue that the prudential allocator approach is
      indeterminate regarding life-sustaining care for the moderately demented and that
      social policy should not deny that care to patients.

PMID- 3361250
TI  - The impact of Child Development Center on nutritional status and morbidity of
      early school age children.

PMID- 3361251
TI  - Hemodynamic alterations in severe mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3361252
TI  - Oral glucose tolerance test at each trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3361253
TI  - The renal handling of urate in acute renal failure patients with high urine uric
      acid/urine creatinine concentration ratio.

PMID- 3361254
TI  - Diagnostic role of glycosylated hemoglobins in various degrees of glucose
      intolerance.

PMID- 3361255
TI  - Roentgen demonstration of air embolism in Caisson disease.

PMID- 3361256
TI  - Detection of maternal lymphocytotoxins using various sources of lymphocytes.

PMID- 3361257
TI  - Comparison of cardiac output measured by suprasternal Doppler echocardiography
      and thermodilution in cardiac care unit.

PMID- 3361258
TI  - Menstrual bleeding associated with hemoptysis: a case report.

PMID- 3361259
TI  - A prospective study of in-patients with pelvic inflammatory disease, therapeutic
      aspect.

PMID- 3361260
TI  - ERCP: a five-year experience from 206 examinations.

PMID- 3361261
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum.

PMID- 3361262
TI  - Epidemiological study of M. pneumoniae infection in Nakhon Ratchasima.

PMID- 3361263
TI  - Assessment of uterine curettage in women under 30 with abnormal uterine bleeding.

PMID- 3361264
TI  - Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in rural villagers, Phayao province.

PMID- 3361265
TI  - Self-control in mentally retarded adolescents: choice as a function of amount and
      delay of reinforcement.
AB  - Three severely mentally retarded adolescents were studied under discrete-trial
      procedures in which a choice was arranged between edible reinforcers that
      differed in magnitude and, in some conditions, delay. In the absence of delays
      the larger reinforcer was consistently chosen. Under conditions in which the
      smaller reinforcer was not delayed, increasing the delay to delivery of the
      larger reinforcer decreased the percentage of trials in which that reinforcer was
      chosen. All subjects directed the majority of choice responses to the smaller
      reinforcer when the larger reinforcer was sufficiently delayed, although the
      value at which this occurred differed across subjects. Under conditions in which
      the larger reinforcer initially was sufficiently delayed to result in preference
      for the smaller one, progressively increasing in 5-s increments the delay to both
      reinforcers increased percentage of trials with the larger reinforcer chosen. At
      sufficiently long delays, 2 of the subjects consistently chose the larger, but
      more delayed, reinforcer, and the 3rd subject chose that reinforcer on half of
      the trials. These results are consistent with the findings of prior studies in
      which adult humans responded to terminate noise and pigeons responded to produce
      food.

PMID- 3361266
TI  - Conditioned reinforcement by conditional discriminative stimuli.
AB  - A concurrent-chains schedule was used to examine how a delay to conditional
      discriminative stimuli affects conditioned reinforcement strength. Pigeons' key
      peck responses in the initial link produced either of two terminal links
      according to independent variable-interval 30-s schedules. Each terminal link
      involved an identical successive conditional discrimination and was segmented
      into three links: a delay interval (green), a color conditional discriminative
      stimulus (blue or red), and a line conditional discriminative stimulus (vertical
      or horizontal lines). Food delivery occurred 45 s after entering the terminal
      link with a probability of .5, but its conditional probability (1.0 or 0)
      depended on the combination of the color and the line stimuli. One of the color
      stimuli occurred independently of further responding, 5 s after entry into the
      right terminal link, but it occurred 35 s after entry into the left terminal
      link. One of the line stimuli occurred independently of responding 40 s after
      entry into either terminal link, synchronized with the offset of the color
      stimulus. The initial-link relative response rate for the right was consistently
      higher in comparison with a control condition in which the color stimuli occurred
      20 s after entry into either terminal link. The preference for the short delay to
      the color conditional discriminative stimuli suggests the possibility of
      conditioned reinforcement by information about the relation between the line
      conditional discriminative stimuli and the outcomes.

PMID- 3361267
TI  - Color preference in pigeons: stimulus intensity and reinforcement contingency
      effects in the avoidance of blue stimuli.
AB  - In a procedure intended to determine color preference in pigeons (which partially
      replicated Catania, Owens, & von Lossberg, 1983), two keys were illuminated by
      different colors drawn from a set of amber, red, green, or blue stimuli; this was
      followed by the presentation of grain when either of the two colors was pecked.
      The grain was illuminated alternately across trials with the colors presented on
      the keys. In Experiment 1 the intensity of the color stimuli used was not
      equalized, whereas in Experiment 2 the intensity of the colors was equalized. The
      low preference for blue found in Experiment 1, as measured by differential key
      pecking, was not found in Experiment 2. The discriminability of the intensity
      equalized colors was confirmed in Experiment 2a, in which equal-intensity color
      discrimination problems were presented. In Experiment 3, as in Catania et al.
      (1983), a response-independent reinforcement schedule was used, but with
      intensity-equalized colors. In contrast to Experiment 2, very low preference for
      blue was found here and in Experiment 4, which used a within-subject procedure.
      These findings suggest that pigeon color preference may be a function of
      intensity, but all controlling variables have not as yet been identified.

PMID- 3361269
TI  - Investigating the boundaries of reading units across ages and reading levels.
AB  - In Experiments 1 and 2 first-, third-, and seventh-grade children and college
      subjects circled the letter a while reading passages constructed of words
      familiar to first graders. First graders made more errors on the letter a
      embedded in a word than on the word a, whereas the converse was true of the other
      age groups. In Experiments 3 and 4 first-, second-, fourth-, and seventh-grade
      children and college students read passages and circled the letter t, making more
      errors on the common word the than on other words and on correctly spelled than
      on misspelled words. The effect of misspelling the other words increased with age
      and reading skill. Our combined results suggest that reading unit size increases
      with age and reading ability and that, whereas younger children, like adults,
      unitize common words, the unitization of less common words increases as word
      configurations become more familiar.

PMID- 3361268
TI  - Effects of scopolamine on repeated acquisition of radial-arm maze performance by
      rats.
AB  - Rats repeatedly acquired the performance of selecting only the four baited arms
      in an automated eight-arm radial maze, with the arms containing food pellets
      randomly assigned prior to each session. During each 14-trial (trial: obtain all
      four pellets) daily session, the number of errors (selecting nonbaited arms or
      repeating arm selections) showed a within-session decline, and choice accuracy
      for the first four arm selections showed a positive acceleration across trials
      for all rats. An index-of-curvature statistic, calculated for total errors, was
      used to quantify both the within- and between-session improvement of performance.
      Scopolamine (0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg, ip), but not methylscopolamine (0.3 mg/kg),
      reduced the accuracy of the first four selections of each trial and increased
      total within-session errors for all rats. Session times also were increased by
      scopolamine. An examination of within-session accuracy showed only slight signs
      of improvement at the higher dosages of scopolamine. The results indicate that
      behavior in transition states maintained by reinforcement contingencies in the
      radial maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained schedules, despite
      the fact that some of the stimuli controlling behavior in the maze are absent at
      the moment behavior is emitted.

PMID- 3361270
TI  - The development of children's understanding of "because" and "so".
AB  - Children's (5 years, 8 months to 8 years, 4 months) comprehension of "because"
      and "so" was assessed on both enactment and sentence completion tasks. The use of
      a within-subject design permitted performance on each task to be interpreted in
      terms of performance on the other. The pattern of results provided evidence
      against a componential model for the acquisition of causal connectives. This
      model holds that the two meaning components (cause, order) are acquired
      separately, with the order component being acquired several years later than the
      causal component. The results also were in accord with predictions derived from a
      contextual model of children's developing understanding of terms expressing
      logical relationships. This model posits that the understanding of relational
      terms is initially context dependent, such that children can understand
      relational terms when they express familiar relationships, but experience
      difficulty in forming representations of novel relationships solely on the basis
      of linguistic input. The lexical components of because and so are understood
      during the context-dependent stage, and the transition from context-dependent to
      context-independent understanding does not reflect further lexical development,
      but rather increasing facility in dealing with decontextualized linguistic input.

PMID- 3361271
TI  - Perceptual sensitivity to dimensional and similarity relations in free and rule
      governed classifications.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the perceptual primacy of
      dimensional and similarity relations in the stimulus classifications of younger
      and older subjects. In Experiment 1, 4- and 10-year-olds were given free
      classifications in which they could group stimuli according to overall similarity
      or identities in size, color, or orientation. Both age groups classified stimuli
      most frequently according to identities on separate dimensions. In Experiment 2,
      4-year-olds and adults were given free classifications followed by rule-governed
      classifications which required them to group stimuli according to specific
      relations. In the free classifications, a majority of subjects in both age groups
      classified the stimuli most frequently according to identities on separate
      dimensions. In the rule-governed classifications, both age groups were more
      accurate when a single separate relation was required for solution than when
      overall similarity was required. These results support a differential-sensitivity
      view of perceptual development, which asserts that individuals at all ages
      primarily perceive and use separate relations.

PMID- 3361272
TI  - Physician advertising: alarming trends on the rise.

PMID- 3361273
TI  - Lessons of history for trial attorneys.

PMID- 3361274
TI  - AIDS and the physician the risks ... and the rules.

PMID- 3361275
TI  - Pharmacists and the right to prescribe: ugly "turf" battle or opportunity for
      improved patient care.

PMID- 3361276
TI  - Crossing the border from Munchausen to malingering.

PMID- 3361277
TI  - Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium: complications of cocaine
      smoking.

PMID- 3361279
TI  - Psychiatric services within Florida's health maintenance organizations.

PMID- 3361278
TI  - Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 3361280
TI  - Beyond the cost of health care: the new era of quality and liability in managed
      care.

PMID- 3361281
TI  - The delusion of government price control as an effective mechanism for medical
      care cost containment.

PMID- 3361283
TI  - [Pseudolymphoma of the lung: report of a case].

PMID- 3361282
TI  - A strong association of HLA-DR 3/4 heterozygotes with insulin-dependent diabetes
      among Chinese in Taiwan.

PMID- 3361284
TI  - Epidermoid cyst of the spleen: report of a case.

PMID- 3361285
TI  - A twig as nucleus of renal calculi.

PMID- 3361286
TI  - Encephalitis following radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer with latent
      pelvic tuberculosis as an incidental finding: report of a case.

PMID- 3361287
TI  - The program for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at National Taiwan
      University Hospital.

PMID- 3361288
TI  - Clinical and angiographic features in patients with carotid transient ischemic
      attacks.

PMID- 3361289
TI  - Cirsoid aneurysm of the scalp.

PMID- 3361290
TI  - Evaluation of an automated method for leukocyte differential counts based on
      electronic volume analysis.

PMID- 3361292
TI  - Is there any effect of methylprednisolone in cardioplegic solution on myocardial
      protection?

PMID- 3361291
TI  - Inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the chronically reperfused canine
      heart using programmed electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3361293
TI  - Potentiation of paraquat lethality in rats by ethanol.

PMID- 3361294
TI  - [Studies on fluorescent compounds in water of a well in blackfoot disease endemic
      areas in Taiwan: humic substances].

PMID- 3361295
TI  - [Patch testing of organic and inorganic mercurials].

PMID- 3361296
TI  - [Combination of gallium-67 scan and 99mTc-MDP bone imaging for the
      differentiation of septic loosening and aseptic loosening of total hip
      arthroplasty].

PMID- 3361297
TI  - [Platelet function in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3361298
TI  - [Kearns-Sayre syndrome with proteinuria, glucosuria, copperuria and prolapse of
      the mitral valve: report of a case].

PMID- 3361299
TI  - Effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the lipid composition of CNS in the
      offspring.
AB  - Maternal alcohol consumption at a level that does not affect calorie intake
      increases cholesterol concentration and content as well as incorporation of
      labeled glucose into cholesterol in the brain and spinal cord of newborn rat
      pups. Continued consumption of alcohol during lactation also affects the
      galactolipid concentration in the brain and spinal cord of pups at 21 days of
      age, and this increase seems mainly to be due to an increase in content of myelin
      lipids. Analysis of myelin shows that the concentration of phospholipids also
      increases in this fraction. The increase in incorporation of labeled glucose into
      these membrane lipids suggests an increase in the synthesis of these lipids,
      which prevents fluidization of the membrane by alcohol. That in the brainstem the
      increase in levels of cholesterol and galactolipids is higher than in other
      regions and that there is also an increase in content of sphingomyelin,
      phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine suggest that the brainstem
      needs better protection against fluidization.

PMID- 3361300
TI  - Biochemical mapping of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidation activity in the rat CNS.
AB  - Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidation enzyme activity has been measured in 36 nuclei
      or areas in the rat CNS and pituitary using D-Tyr-Phe-Gly as the substrate. The
      distribution of this enzyme is highly uneven, with highest activity levels
      (greater than 30 pmol/mg of protein/h) in hypothalamic nuclei, substantia grisea
      centralis, and nucleus ruber; moderate activity levels (10-30 pmol/mg of
      protein/h) in globus pallidus, septum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and
      cervical spinal cord; and low activity levels (1-10 pmol/mg of protein/h) in
      other telencephalic and thalamic structures. Almost no alpha-amidation activity
      (less than 0.5 pmol/mg of protein/h) was detected in cerebellar cortex. The Km
      values in several brain regions are of the same order.

PMID- 3361301
TI  - Altered cerebral protein turnover in rats following prolonged in vivo treatment
      with nicotine.
AB  - Turnover rates of cerebral proteins were examined in control adult rats and in
      those subjected to prolonged in vivo treatment with "low" (0.02 mg/ml) or "high"
      (0.04 mg/ml) doses of nicotine (added to drinking water), using [14C]bicarbonate
      as the label. It was found that the turnover of proteins in various subcellular
      fractions consisted of two distinct components turning over at a "fast" or a
      "slow" rate and having relatively short or long half-lives, respectively. Thus in
      control animals the half-lives of the protein components turning over at a fast
      rate ranged from 1.31 to 3.61 days whereas for those turning over at a slow rate
      the half-lives ranged from 8.56 to 24.28 days. Treatment with low doses of
      nicotine resulted in a more rapid turnover of nuclear fast turning over component
      with a concomitant decreased turnover of homogenate, cytosol, mitochondrial, and
      microsomal proteins; in the synaptosomal membranes this component disappeared
      altogether. The half-lives of the slow turning over components decreased in
      general from 14.3 to 33.3% with the exception of the nuclear proteins, where the
      half-live increased by 71.1%. Turnover of microsomal proteins was not affected.
      When the animals were given a high dose of nicotine, the turnover of fast
      components became even more rapid for nuclear, myelin, and microsomal proteins
      with a decrease in half-life from 26.6 to 32.3%. By contrast, half-lives of
      synaptosomal and mitochondrial proteins increased by 16.1-89.3%. These changes
      were not reflected in the turnover rate of whole homogenate proteins.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361302
TI  - Depletion of brain glutathione in preweanling mice by L-buthionine sulfoximine.
AB  - Previous studies indicated that DL-buthionine sulfoximine (DL-BSO), an agent that
      inhibits the biosynthesis of GSH in liver and other peripheral organs, fails to
      suppress levels of GSH in the CNS. In the current study, preweanling mice
      responded to repeated injections of L-BSO with marked declines (79.6-86.5%) of
      GSH content in brain and spinal cord. In adult mice, the same treatment schedule
      produced only modest declines (17.8-29.2%) of GSH content in brain and a 55.9%
      decline in spinal cord. Pretreatment of preweanling mice with L-BSO represents a
      tool for studying the role of GSH in the CNS.

PMID- 3361303
TI  - A retinal calmodulin-dependent kinase: calcium/calmodulin-stimulated and 
      inhibited states.
AB  - A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase was isolated from retina. The
      retinal enzyme is composed exclusively of 50-kilodalton (kD) subunits and has a
      molecular mass of approximately 275 kD, in contrast to forebrain calmodulin
      kinase II, which is composed of 50-kD and 60-kD subunits in a 3:1 ratio and has a
      molecular mass of approximately 520 kD. Similar substrate specificities, kinetic
      properties, capacity to bind calmodulin, and immunoreactivity suggest that the
      retinal kinase is an isoenzyme of forebrain calmodulin kinase II. Both kinases
      autophosphorylate in an intramolecular manner; however, autophosphorylation has
      different effects on the activities of the two enzymes. Autophosphorylation of
      retinal calmodulin kinase converts the enzyme from a calcium/calmodulin-dependent
      to a calcium/calmodulin-inhibited kinase, with high activity in the absence of
      calcium, whereas autophosphorylation of the forebrain kinase results in a less
      active, calcium/calmodulin-independent enzyme. These properties of calmodulin
      kinase may play an important role in retinal function.

PMID- 3361305
TI  - Effects of daily cocaine and morphine treatment on somatodendritic and terminal
      field dopamine release.
AB  - Daily injections of cocaine or morphine into rodents produces behavioral
      sensitization such that the last daily injection results in a greater motor
      stimulant effect than the first injection. To evaluate a role for brain dopamine
      in behavioral sensitization to cocaine and morphine, tissue slices from the
      ventromedial mesencephalon (containing dopamine cell bodies), the nucleus
      accumbens, and striatum (dopamine terminal fields) were obtained from rats
      pretreated with daily cocaine, morphine, or saline 2-3 weeks earlier. When the
      tissue slices were depolarized by increasing potassium concentration in the
      superfusate, the release of endogenous dopamine from the ventromedial
      mesencephalon of cocaine- and morphine-pretreated rats was significantly
      decreased. In contrast, the release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens and
      striatum was either unaltered or slightly enhanced in rats pretreated with
      cocaine and morphine. When dopamine was released by amphetamine, a significant
      decrease in dopamine release from the ventromedial mesencephalon of cocaine
      pretreated rats was measured. No other significant changes were measured after
      amphetamine-induced release. It is postulated that the decrease in dopamine
      release from the ventromedial mesencephalon of cocaine- and morphine-sensitized
      rats results in less somatodendritic autoreceptor stimulation, and thereby
      produces an increase in dopamine neuronal activity.

PMID- 3361304
TI  - Ketone body utilization for lipid synthesis in the murine sciatic nerve:
      alterations in the dysmyelinating trembler mutant.
AB  - This work demonstrates that in vitro sciatic nerves of normal and trembler adult
      mice can use ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) and butyrate
      for lipid synthesis. In normal sciatic nerves, beta-hydroxybutyrate is
      incorporated in total lipids to a larger extent than acetoacetate (141% and 33%,
      respectively, of acetate incorporation), whereas for trembler sciatic nerves,
      these percentages are only 69% and 27%. Incorporation of ketone bodies is greater
      into sterols than into other lipids. Lipid metabolism of ketone bodies in
      trembler nerves is altered and could reflect a process similar to Wallerian
      degeneration: a dramatic decrease of sterol and free fatty acid synthesis and an
      increased synthesis of triglycerides. Moreover, differences seen in precursor
      incorporation into lipids between normal and trembler sciatic nerves suggest that
      their lipid metabolism is not the same.

PMID- 3361306
TI  - Ascorbate modulates 5-[3H]hydroxytryptamine binding to central 5-HT3 sites in
      bovine frontal cortex.
AB  - Ascorbate is present in millimolar concentrations in mammalian brain and can be
      released from cellular stores by membrane depolarization. We report here that
      physiologically relevant concentrations of ascorbate modulate 5
      [3H]hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT) binding to bovine frontal cortex membranes.
      Under conditions where [3H]5-HT binding is reversible and saturable, ascorbate
      causes a concentration-dependent increase in the affinity of [3H]5-HT for central
      5-HT3 binding sites. At pH 7.4, increasing ascorbate from 0 to 5.7 mM changes the
      equilibrium affinity constant (KD) of binding to 5-HT3 sites from 125 nM to 30
      nM, without affecting binding site number. These ascorbate-induced effects are pH
      dependent. At pH 7.1 binding to central 5-HT3 sites is essentially eliminated in
      the presence of ascorbate. These studies suggest that ascorbate and hydrogen ion
      concentration interactions may modulate serotonergic function.

PMID- 3361307
TI  - The intact human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) exhibits high-affinity
      [3H]pirenzepine binding associated with hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols.
AB  - The binding of [3H]pirenzepine to a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and
      its correlation with hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols were characterized.
      Specific [3H]pirenzepine binding to intact cells was rapid, reversible,
      saturable, and of high affinity. Kinetic studies yielded association (k+1) and
      dissociation (k-1) rate constants of 5.2 +/- 1.4 X 10(6) M-1 min-1 and 1.1 +/-
      0.06 X 10(-1) min-1, respectively. Saturation experiments revealed a single class
      of binding sites (nH = 1.1) for the radioligand with a total binding capacity of
      160 +/- 33 fmol/mg protein and an apparent dissociation constant of 13 nM. The
      specific [3H]pirenzepine binding was inhibited by the presence of selected
      muscarinic drugs. The order of antagonist potency was atropine sulfate greater
      than pirenzepine greater than AF-DX 116, with K0.5 of 0.53 nM, 2.2 nM, and 190
      nM, respectively. The binding properties of [3H](-)-quinuclidinyl benzilate and
      its quaternary derivative [3H](-)-methylquinuclidinyl benzilate were also
      investigated. The muscarinic agonist carbachol stimulated formation of inositol
      phosphates which could be inhibited by muscarinic antagonists. The inhibition
      constants of pirenzepine and AF-DX 116 were 11 nM and 190 nM, respectively. In
      conclusion, we show that the nonclassical muscarinic receptor antagonist
      [3H]pirenzepine identifies a high-affinity population of muscarinic sites which
      is associated with hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols in this human
      neuroblastoma cell line.

PMID- 3361308
TI  - Effect of serum lipoproteins on growth and sterol synthesis in cultured rat brain
      glial cells.
AB  - Cells dissociated from brains of 1-day-old rats were cultured in medium
      containing either lipoprotein-deficient serum (LPDS) or LPDS plus various
      lipoprotein fractions. Increases in number of cells and in DNA content served as
      a measure of cell growth. Cholesterol synthesis was measured from the
      incorporation of [14C]acetate into total nonsaponifiable lipids and digitonin
      precipitable sterols, and from the activity of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. The data indicated that
      cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate was reduced in cells cultured in medium
      containing either LPDS plus low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density
      lipoproteins (HDL), or total lipoproteins (LP) and that this reduction was
      accompanied by a reduction in the activity of the HMG CoA reductase and an
      increase in the esterified sterol content. The reduction in cholesterol synthesis
      from acetate was maximal in cells cultured in the presence of HDL, whereas the
      maximal reduction in the activity of HMG CoA reductase occurred in cells cultured
      in the presence of LP. The presence of LDL or LP in the culture medium enhanced
      the cell growth but the presence of HDL did not. Esterified sterol content was
      highest in cells cultured in the medium containing LPDS plus LP and was not
      detected in cells cultured in LPDS medium. It is inferred from these data that
      rat brain glial cells in culture are able to utilize cholesterol in lipoproteins,
      that the presence of LDL in the medium enhances cell growth, and that reduced
      cholesterol synthesis in the presence of lipoproteins may occur at the HMG CoA
      reductase step as well as at some other step(s).

PMID- 3361309
TI  - Rat brain apotransketolase: activation and inactivation.
AB  - Kinetic analysis of the combination of rat brain apotransketolase with thiamine
      diphosphate suggested that the enzyme exists in more than one form. One part of
      the apoenzyme reacted rapidly with thiamine diphosphate to reconstitute the
      holoenzyme, but another part appeared to combine only relatively slowly. In
      addition, an apparently irreversible further change took place, the apoenzyme
      being converted progressively to a form which apparently could not be activated
      by thiamine diphosphate. The relative proportions of the three forms i.e., that
      reacting rapidly, slowly, or not at all with thiamine diphosphate, were a
      function of the duration and conditions of storage, with the proportion of the
      apoenzyme form which reacted rapidly with thiamine diphosphate decreasing
      progressively. The findings reported here provide a possible explanation for
      problems various workers have encountered in attempting to evaluate Michaelis
      constants for the reaction of thiamine diphosphate with apotransketolase.

PMID- 3361310
TI  - Influence of the malate-aspartate shuttle on oxidative metabolism in
      synaptosomes.
AB  - beta-Methyleneaspartate, a specific inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase (EC
      2.6.1.1.), was used to investigate the role of the malate-aspartate shuttle in
      rat brain synaptosomes. Incubation of rat brain cytosol, "free" mitochondria,
      synaptosol, and synaptic mitochondria, with 2 mM beta-methyleneaspartate resulted
      in inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase by 69%, 67%, 49%, and 76%,
      respectively. The reconstituted malate-aspartate shuttle of "free" brain
      mitochondria was inhibited by a similar degree (53%). As a consequence of the
      inhibition of the aspartate aminotransferase, and hence the malate-aspartate
      shuttle, the following changes were observed in synaptosomes: decreased glucose
      oxidation via the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and the tricarboxylic acid
      cycle; decreased acetylcholine synthesis; and an increase in the cytosolic redox
      state, as measured by the lactate/pyruvate ratio. The main reason for these
      changes can be attributed to decreased carbon flow through the tricarboxylic acid
      cycle (i.e., decreased formation of oxaloacetate), rather than as a direct
      consequence of changes in the NAD+/NADH ratio. Malate/glutamate oxidation in
      "free" mitochondria was also decreased in the presence of 2 mM beta
      methyleneaspartate. This is probably a result of decreased glutamate transport
      into mitochondria as a result of low levels of aspartate, which are needed for
      the exchange with glutamate by the energy-dependent glutamate-aspartate
      translocator.

PMID- 3361311
TI  - Increased polyphosphoinositide responsiveness in the cerebral cortex induced by
      cholinergic denervation.
AB  - Lesion of the nucleus basalis in the basal forebrain of the rat results in the
      degeneration of the large cholinergic neurones which innervate the cortex.
      Parameters of cholinergic function, namely, acetylcholinesterase activity,
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptor number, and the depolarisation-induced release
      of acetylcholine, fall in ipsilateral cortex subsequent to lesion. These deficits
      are likely to reflect the loss of the presynaptic input to the cortex. A reversal
      in these deficits is seen 1 month after lesion, and a full recovery is seen after
      150 days. This is thought to be due to a process of "spared axon sprouting"
      followed by the reestablishment of synapses. To examine the integrity of the
      cortical muscarinic receptor response following denervation, an assay of the
      polyphosphoinositide response was carried out. Cortical tissue slices,
      prelabelled with [3H]inositol, were incubated for 40 min with carbachol in the
      presence of Li+; the accumulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate ([3H]IP1) was
      used as an index of this response. A 92% increase in the carbachol-stimulated
      production of [3H]IP1 was seen 5 days after lesion compared to normal cortex.
      Sham-operated animals showed no change in [3H]IP1 accumulation at this time
      point. Dose-response experiments showed that this increase was due to an increase
      in the maximal response to carbachol after lesion with no change in EC50 values.
      Two weeks after lesion, this increased response was much attenuated; tissue
      slices from denervated cortex showing a strong acetylcholinesterase decrease (36
      66%) showed an increase of just 30% above normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3361312
TI  - An 82-kilodalton membrane protein that inhibits the activity of neurite outgrowth
      factor.
AB  - Neurite outgrowth factor (NOF), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein of 700
      kilodaltons (kDa), promoted neurite outgrowth from cultured ciliary ganglion (CG)
      neurons of chicken embryo. A fraction solubilized with Nonidet P-40 of chicken
      gizzard muscle membranes inhibited the neurite-promoting activity of NOF in a
      dose-dependent manner, but not that of laminin. Binding of CG neurons to the
      substratum and their survival were not affected by the extract. The inhibitory
      activity of the extract was abolished by treatment with trypsin or heat. The
      molecular size was determined to be about 82 kDa by ligand blotting. The active
      component was partially purified by column chromatography. It is suggested that
      this molecule interacts with the domain of NOF responsible for its neurite
      promoting activity and may modulate NOF activity during development in vivo.

PMID- 3361314
TI  - Synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain: large-scale purification and physical and
      immunochemical characterization.
AB  - Purification of synaptic vesicles directly from homogenates of mammalian brain is
      compared with a classical method based on osmotic lysis of brain synaptosomes.
      The direct method affords increased yield and purity of synaptic vesicles
      prepared under isoosmotic conditions. Antigen SV2 and the antigens (primarily
      synaptophysin) recognized by rabbit antiserum R10, raised to purified rat brain
      synaptic vesicles, are localized specifically on approximately 40-nm-diameter
      microsomal vesicles from rat brain. Rat brain synaptic vesicles have equilibrium
      densities of approximately 1.11 g/ml on Nycodenz density gradients, 1.12 g/ml on
      glycerol/Nycodenz, and 1.07 g/ml on Ficoll gradients. Both SV2 and the R10
      antigens are enriched approximately 50-fold in purified rat brain synaptic
      vesicles. Synaptic vesicles purified from rat or cow brain show active uptake of
      [3H]norepinephrine that is reserpine sensitive and dependent on ATP and Mg2+.
      Synaptic vesicles exhibiting [3H]norepinephrine uptake comigrate with
      approximately 40-nm-diameter synaptic vesicles carrying SV2 or R10 antigens
      during permeation chromatography. After the Sephacryl S-1000 chromatography step,
      [3H]-norepinephrine uptake activity is purified approximately 90-fold. Highly
      purified brain synaptic vesicles should facilitate studies at the molecular level
      of the roles of these organelles in neurotransmission at mammalian synapses.

PMID- 3361313
TI  - Phosphorylation of synaptic proteins in chick forebrain: changes with development
      and passive avoidance training.
AB  - We have used synaptic plasma membranes (SPMs) and postsynaptic densities (PSDs)
      to study protein phosphorylation at the synapse in the developing chick forebrain
      and in 1-day-old chick forebrain following training on a passive avoidance task.
      Endogenous phosphorylation patterns in SPMs and PSDs prepared by extraction with
      n-octylglucoside isolated from chick forebrain were investigated by labelling
      with [32P]ATP. The phosphoprotein components of the SPM and PSD fractions were
      separated using sodium dodecyl sulphate gradient polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Autoradiography and densitometry of the Coomassie Blue protein
      staining pattern revealed phosphate incorporation into several SPM components
      including those of molecular mass 52, 37, and 29 kilodaltons (kDa). Bands of
      similar molecular mass were not phosphorylated in PSD fractions. This difference
      in phosphorylation between SPMs and PSDs was not due to the detergent n
      octylglucoside. In a developmental study in which SPM and PSD fractions were
      prepared from 1-day-old, 14-day-old, and 21-day-old chickens, the phosphorylation
      patterns of SPMs were similar throughout, but striking differences occurred in
      PSDs, both in the level of phosphorylation and in the components phosphorylated.
      A time-course study was carried out in which phosphorylation of SPMs and PSDs
      from 1-day-old chicks trained on a passive avoidance task was compared with
      patterns from control chicks trained on a water-coated bead and untrained chicks.
      In SPMs prepared from forebrains removed 10 mins following training, a consistent
      but nonsignificant decrease (-21%) in phosphorylation of a 52 kDa band occurred
      in chicks with passive avoidance training compared with water-trained and
      untrained chicks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361315
TI  - Detection and characterization of the serotonin 5-HT 1D receptor in rat and human
      brain.
AB  - In the presence of 1 microM ( +/- )-pindolol [to block 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT,
      serotonin) 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 1B receptors] and 100 nM mesulergine (to block 5-HT
      1C receptors), 2.0 nM [3H]5-HT binding to rat cortical homogenates is specific,
      saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of [3H]5-HT binding, in the
      presence of 1 microM ( +/- )-pindolol and 100 nM mesulergine, produced a KD of
      3.2 nM and Bmax of 43 fmol/mg protein. Distribution studies show this site to be
      present in most rat brain regions. This site is also detectable in human caudate.
      The pharmacological profile of this site is distinct from the previously
      identified 5-HT receptor subtypes. Compounds with high affinity for 5-HT 1A (8
      hydroxydipropylaminotetralin), 5-HT 1B (trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine), 5-HT 1C
      (mesulergine), 5-HT 2 (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine), and 5-HT3 (ICS
      205-930) receptors have low affinity for this site. These data suggest the
      presence of an additional, previously unidentified, 5-HT binding site in rat and
      human brain tissue. This putative novel 5-HT receptor has a similar pharmacology
      to the "5-HT 1D" site detected in bovine brain by Heuring and Peroutka.

PMID- 3361316
TI  - Sulfoglucuronyl neolactoglycolipids in adult cerebellum: specific absence in
      murine mutants with Purkinje cell abnormality.
AB  - It is shown here that glycolipids of the sulfoglucuronyl neolacto series (SGGLs)
      are present in the adult rodent cerebellum. SGGLs were not detected in the
      cerebellar murine mutants lurcher, Purkinje cell degeneration, and staggerer, in
      which Purkinje cell loss is the primary defect. SGGLs were present, however, in
      normal amounts in weaver and reeler mutants, in which there is a major and
      relatively specific loss of granule cells without obvious deficiency in Purkinje
      cells. In the myelin-deficient quaking mutant, the expression of SGGLs also was
      nearly normal. The loss of SGGLs in Purkinje cell-deficient mutants was specific,
      since most of the major lipids were not affected significantly and only the
      percentage composition of other lipids, such as sulfatides and gangliosides, was
      altered in the mutants. These and other results strongly suggest that SGGLs and
      other glycolipids of the paragloboside family are localized specifically in
      Purkinje cells and their arbors in the adult cerebellum. This is the first
      demonstration of the localization of a specific glycolipid and its analogs in a
      specific cell type in the nervous system.

PMID- 3361317
TI  - Patellofemoral functional results and complications with the posterior stabilized
      total condylar knee prosthesis.
AB  - The authors reviewed 73 knee arthoplasties performed with the Posterior
      Stabilized Total Condylar prosthesis, with an average follow-up period of 5.5
      years. The function of the patellofemoral articulation was specifically analyzed.
      Patients with documented or suspected tibiofemoral problems were excluded. Using
      the Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating system, 48 knees (66%) had
      excellent, 20 had good (27%), and 5 (7%) had fair results. Patients with
      unilateral disease were able to negotiate stairs and transfer normally in 64% and
      100% of the cases, respectively. The most frequent patellofemoral problem was
      impingement (21%), but reoperation was needed in only one patient. Stress
      fracture of the patella and subluxation were rare. A medial tilt of the patella
      on the axial view had no apparent ill effect. The patella was lowered 12 mm on
      average as a consequence of the standard bone resection sequence and insertion of
      the tibial component. The patella was significantly lower in patients with
      impingement than in normal joints. Routine complete patellofemoral resurfacing is
      advised in total knee joint arthroplasty. Complications are infrequent with
      appropriate prosthetic design and due technical care.

PMID- 3361318
TI  - Tricon-M uncemented total knee arthroplasty. A review of 96 knees followed for
      longer than 2 years.
AB  - Ninety-six uncemented total knee arthroplasties done using the Tricon-M
      prosthesis were followed for longer than 2 years. The implant has a multilevel
      porous surface to facilitate biologic ingrowth and flanged polyethylene pegs for
      immediate fixation. Each patient was matched for age, body habitus, and diagnosis
      to a patient with a cemented total knee arthroplasty. There was no statistical
      difference between the matched pairs as related to pain, eventual range of
      motion, stability, or patient satisfaction; the uncemented group did as well
      clinically as the cemented group. Subsidence of the tibial component was noted in
      cases of obese patients taking systemic corticosteroids and in whom there was
      inadequate coverage of the cut tibial plateau surface. The mean 2-year Hospital
      for Special Surgery rating score was 81 in the osteoarthritis group and 83 in the
      rheumatoid arthritis group.

PMID- 3361319
TI  - Glenoid loosening in total shoulder arthroplasty. Association with rotator cuff
      deficiency.
AB  - Seven cases of total shoulder arthroplasty exhibiting major glenoid radiolucent
      lines or actual translation of the glenoid component were evaluated to identify
      factors associated with glenoid loosening. The average time from arthroplasty was
      30 months (range, 14-44 months). Six of the patients had severe, incompletely
      reconstructable rotator cuff tears present at the time of surgery, and one
      patient developed a cuff tear within 1 year of surgery. The amount of superior
      migration of the humeral component was closely correlated with the degree of
      glenoid loosening. With superior displacement of the humeral component, superior
      tipping of the glenoid component was observed: a "rocking horse" glenoid. For
      comparison, a contemporary group of 16 consecutive total shoulder arthroplasty
      patients with intact rotator cuffs were reviewed. The control group had no
      glenoid loosening an average of 5 years after operation. Upward riding of the
      prosthetic humeral head in patients with rotator cuff deficiency may contribute
      to loosening of the glenoid component in total shoulder arthroplasty.

PMID- 3361320
TI  - Revision total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 55 years old. Clinical
      and radiologic results after 4 years.
AB  - Since 1979, all revision total hip arthroplasties performed in Sweden have been
      entered into a prospective multicenter study. Between 1979 and 1982, 65 patients
      (67 hips) younger than 55 years old required revision arthroplasty because of
      aseptic loosening. These patients were followed clinically and radiographically
      for 2-6 years (mean, 4 years). Thirteen patients requiring a second revision
      because of a recurrent aseptic loosening and one because of subluxations were
      classified as failures and were not included in the final follow-up study. In the
      remaining 52 hips (50 patients), the results, rated by the Harris hip score, were
      good or excellent in 15 hips (29%), fair in 9 hips (17%), and poor in 28 hips
      (54%). Early complications were rare. Ten hips in 10 patients had radiographic
      signs of gross loosening of the acetabular or femoral component. mechanical
      failure, defined as gross loosening or a second revision, was identified in 36%
      of hips included in the study (n = 67). Revision hip arthroplasty using cement in
      young and middle-aged patients with cemented primary arthroplasty gave a high
      rate of failure, because of aseptic loosening. The use of alternative methods and
      techniques must be explored for revision surgery in younger patients.

PMID- 3361321
TI  - Late hemarthrosis from a threaded acetabular component.
AB  - Painful hemarthrosis 6 months after total hip arthroplasty resulted from erosion
      of the anterior hip capsule over exposed threads of a threaded acetabular
      component. The capsular laceration occurred in an area of bone deficiency at the
      anterior acetabular lip underlying the psoas tendon. The diagnosis was made at
      the time of surgical exploration. Threaded sockets should be contained by bone in
      the area of these structures to prevent this previously undescribed complication.

PMID- 3361322
TI  - Radiographic assessment of knee alignment after total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Standard anteroposterior standing radiographs (14 X 17-inch cassettes) and full
      limb radiographs (51-inch) from a randomized group of 50 patients undergoing
      total knee arthroplasty between January 1985 and June 1986 were analyzed. The
      mean tibiofemoral angle on short films was 5.8 degrees valgus, compared with 7.2
      degrees valgus on full-limb films. This 1.4 degrees discrepancy had a standard
      deviation of 2.2 degrees, emphasizing the measurement variability in any
      individual case. The distance from the knee center to the mechanical axis related
      linearly to the tibiofemoral angle. Twenty-six percent (13 of 50) of knee
      arthroplasties failed to achieve satisfactory postoperative alignment of 4-10
      degrees valgus in this study.

PMID- 3361323
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of acetabular bone stock in failed total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Evaluation of available bone stock in failed hip arthroplasty where significant
      osteolysis has occurred is often difficult, since information about the osseous
      integrity of the innominate bone is obscured by methacrylate and metal. A simple,
      inexpensive, and reliable solution is the use of the cross-table lateral view of
      the hip, with modifications of technique to demonstrate osseous anatomy. The
      author describes this technique and the anatomy of the pelvis from this oblique
      perspective. Illustrative case reports are presented.

PMID- 3361324
TI  - Adjusted subcutaneous heparin versus heparin plus dihydroergotamine in prevention
      of deep vein thrombosis after total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - In a prospective randomized study, two different antithrombotic regimens were
      compared with regard to their effects on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis
      (DVT) in 102 patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty. Fifty patients
      (group 1) received heparin subcutaneously three times daily in doses adjusted as
      a function of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and 52 patients
      (group 2) received a fixed dose of 5,000 IU heparin plus 0.5 mg dihydroergotamine
      twice daily. Both treatments were started 2 days before operation and continued
      for 7-9 days after operation, when venography of the operated leg was performed
      in all patients. The overall incidence of DVT was 22% in group 1 and 19.6% in
      group 2. Eight patients (16%) in group 1 and four (7.6%) in group 2 developed
      proximal DVT. These differences were not statistically significant. Hemorrhagic
      complications occurred more frequently in group 1. Heparin plus dihydroergotamine
      is a simple and effective method of preventing DVT in patients undergoing total
      hip arthroplasty. Daily APTT-adjusted subcutaneous heparin remains the best
      method of prevention of DVT in patients with contraindications to the use of
      dihydroergotamine and those with two or more DVT risk factors.

PMID- 3361325
TI  - Mittelmeier ceramic total hip arthroplasty. A retrospective study.
AB  - Ceramic, featuring low reactivity and excellent durability, is an excellent
      material for biologic implant. The authors studied the Mittelmeier ceramic total
      hip prosthesis in 62 patients (69 hips), with an average follow-up period for the
      surviving cases of 37.6 months (SD = 9.04; range, 24-52 months). As a result of
      aseptic loosening, 19 cases (27%) were revised, with an average time to revision
      of 26.2 months (SD = 8.8; range, 14-38 months). Proper femoral interference fit,
      measured as 90% of the intramedullary canal fill, was associated with better
      clinical scores, fewer radiolucencies on follow-up roentgenogram, and decreased
      failure due to aseptic loosening. In this study, there appeared to be no adverse
      effects of ceramic as a biomaterial. Design modifications may lead to better
      fixation and, hence, long-term durability.

PMID- 3361326
TI  - Preliminary results of total wrist arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis using the
      Trispherical total wrist arthroplasty.
AB  - Thirty-two patients underwent 38 arthroplasties for advanced rheumatoid arthritis
      and marked soft tissue losses. Seven wrists required repair or transfer of at
      least one tendon for rebalancing. All patients were improved by the implants.
      Thirty-four of the 38 patients were improved beyond the functional level of a
      painless wrist arthrodesis. Overall, there were 23 excellent, 10 good, 3 fair,
      and 2 poor results. The average wrist score was 90.3 points, and the average arc
      of motion was 38 degrees. There were three cases of migration of the third
      metacarpal stem and nine cases of lucency about the stems, three of which were
      progressive or greater than 1 mm. There were no deep infections. There was one
      reoperation for persistent pain and one for component loosening. There were no
      cases of implant failure. These results indicate that this total wrist
      arthroplasty is a safe, reproducible procedure for radiographic class III and IV
      rheumatoid disease and should be considered a first line of therapy for that
      group.

PMID- 3361327
TI  - Xanthochromia revisited: a re-evaluation of lumbar puncture and CT scanning in
      the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage.
AB  - The CT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings of 100 patients with ruptured
      intracranial aneurysms were reviewed. Forty six percent of the 68 patients who
      had a lumbar puncture had blood stained CSF but with no xanthochromia. There was
      no blood visible on the CT scan in 20 patients: seven of these 20 had blood in
      their CSF, but no xanthochromia. It is concluded that it is blood stained CSF
      that is important in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and not
      xanthochromia, and that a normal CT scan (EMI 1010) and the absence of
      xanthochromia in the CSF do not exclude a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. To
      diagnose SAH, it may be necessary to perform both investigations; the CT scan as
      the primary investigation in those patients in whom lumbar puncture is judged to
      be hazardous; the lumbar puncture as the secondary investigation in those
      patients with a normal CT scan.

PMID- 3361328
TI  - A cohort study of psychosurgery cases from a defined population.
AB  - All cases from an urban population treated by psychosurgery over a 20 year period
      were followed up; 44 out of 47 were available for study, and 33 of these were
      interviewed. Outcome was measured on a five-point scale, and follow-up was from 1
      to 20 years, with a mean of 11; almost all patients previously had had severe,
      disabling and intractable illnesses. Operations were non-stereotactic (36),
      stereotactic (6), with double procedures in one case: outcome was better in the
      non-stereotactic group. On a five-point scale of outcome, 25 of the 33
      interviewed patients were placed in the two best categories, as were eight
      patients of the 11 who were assessed by case records. Adverse effects were
      reported in 14 cases, but most were not serious. Only one death could definitely
      be related to operation. Depression, agoraphobia, obsessional neurosis, and
      certain aspects of schizophrenia all responded well in the majority of cases.
      Leucotomy should remain available as a treatment of last resort for some
      intractable psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3361329
TI  - A study of facial expression in Parkinson's disease using a novel microcomputer
      based method.
AB  - The aim of this study was to compare the smiling behaviour of a group of
      Parkinson's disease sufferers with a control group of a similar age using a novel
      microcomputer-based approach, which utilises a mathematical model of the face to
      quantify facial expression. The findings indicate that the Parkinson's group
      differed from the control group in the frequency of smiling while watching a
      series of cartoons and in the degree of mouth opening during smiling. Both groups
      completed the Levine-Pilowsky Depression questionnaire, and patients with
      Parkinson's disease had significantly higher depression scores than those of the
      control group. Significant negative correlations between depression score and
      frequency of smiling, and depression score and inner eyebrow separation were also
      found.

PMID- 3361330
TI  - Early and late magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological outcome after
      head injury.
AB  - Twenty five adults with closed head injury who had early magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were followed up 5 to 18 months after
      injury. Patients were given a repeat MRI and performed a series of
      neuropsychological tests. They were classified by the deepest abnormality
      detectable on scanning. Classifications derived from early and late MRI scanning
      were significantly correlated. However, measures of neuropsychological outcome
      showed a strong correlation only with late MRI, and little or no relationship
      with either early MRI or early CT. Deeper abnormalities detected by late MRI were
      associated with poorer neuropsychological test performance; late ventricular
      enlargement was particularly associated with poor outcome. It is concluded that
      the lesions visualised by MRI are important for neuropsychological outcome, and
      that functionally significant abnormalities may only be fully apparent on late
      scanning.

PMID- 3361331
TI  - The tibialis anterior reflex in healthy subjects and in L5 radicular compression.
AB  - Phasic stretch reflexes were evoked in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, by
      tapping the dorsal side of the foot with a hand-held reflex hammer. The responses
      were recorded by means of surface electrodes. The TA reflex was examined in 70
      healthy subjects and in 18 patients with L5 radicular compression. In 58 (83%) of
      the healthy subjects the reflex could be recorded bilaterally, in eight (11%)
      subjects no reflex was found on either side, and in four (6%) it was absent in
      one leg. Simultaneous recordings from the gastrocnemius-soleus showed that TA
      responses were not caused by volume conduction from that muscle. In the 18
      patients with L5 radicular compression the TA reflex was absent on the affected
      side 13 times (72%) and present bilaterally in the other five cases. If asymmetry
      of the reflex (unilateral absence) is considered as a test for the presence of L5
      radicular compression, the likelihood ratio for a positive test is 12.0, and for
      a negative test 0.3. The examination of the TA reflex is easily performed and can
      be useful in the diagnosis of L5 radicular compression.

PMID- 3361332
TI  - Estimation of the number of motor units based on macro-EMG.
AB  - The technique of the macro-EMG was used to estimate the number of motor units in
      the tibialis anterior muscles of healthy subjects in a wide range of ages, and of
      patients with myasthenia gravis and patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      or spinal muscular atrophy. The results obtained suggest a decrease in the number
      of motor units in the tibialis anterior muscle with increasing age in normal
      subjects. In myasthenic patients the motor unit count was within the normal range
      for their age group. Patients with motor neuron disorders on the average had a
      very low number of motor units.

PMID- 3361333
TI  - Clinicopathological study of neurological complications due to hypertensive
      disorders of pregnancy.
AB  - Forty-three women with neurological complications secondary to eclampsia or
      severe pre-eclampsia were studied by CT scanning and in six intracranial pressure
      (ICP) monitoring was carried out. In seven women who died, neuropathological
      findings were correlated with clinical features. Cerebral oedema was present in
      27 of the patients studied and the severity of oedema correlated to the duration
      of intermittent seizures. In five of the six women who had ICP measured, this was
      found to be transiently high. Intracranial haemorrhage was demonstrated in four
      of the 43 women, all of whom died. Hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral damage and
      fibrinoid necrosis were the most important neuropathological lesions identified.
      The management of neurological complications of eclampsia may be placed upon a
      more rational basis by an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these
      lesions.

PMID- 3361334
TI  - Cerebral astrocytoma in association with HIV infection.
AB  - Cerebral astrocytoma has been found in two patients with AIDS related conditions.
      The fortuity of this unusual association is discussed, insofar as
      immunosuppression could favour the growth of certain neoplasms.

PMID- 3361336
TI  - Parkinson's disease and essential tremor in families of patients with early-onset
      Parkinson's disease.
AB  - The occurrence of Parkinson's disease and of essential tremor was examined in the
      parents and siblings of 52 Parkinson's disease patients with onset before the age
      of 45 years. The expected numbers of cases with Parkinson's disease or essential
      tremor were calculated according to the age and sex specific incidence rates of
      Parkinson's disease and essential tremor in the general population. Among the
      parents, there was one case of Parkinson's disease (expected 1.2), and 10 cases
      of essential tremor (expected 5.4); among the siblings there were two cases of
      Parkinson's disease (expected 0.7), and three cases of essential tremor (expected
      5.3). The observed and expected incidence of Parkinson's disease or essential
      tremor were not significantly different. This does not support the inheritance of
      early-onset Parkinson's disease, or the association of Parkinson's disease with
      essential tremor.

PMID- 3361335
TI  - Bell's palsy and HIV infection.
AB  - Unilateral infranuclear facial palsy developed in three young homosexual men. All
      three were positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two had
      persistent generalised lymphadenopathy, but the clinical criteria for the
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were not fulfilled. There were no
      features of generalised neuropathy, and no other cause for facial palsy was
      evident. Recovery was excellent in each patient.

PMID- 3361337
TI  - Abnormalities of autonomic function in the Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
AB  - Two cases of Lambert Eaton syndrome unassociated with an underlying malignancy
      are described. Both had mild autonomic symptoms but markedly abnormal autonomic
      function tests. These results are suggestive of a widespread defect in
      cholinergic transmission in addition to that at the skeletal neuromuscular
      junction.

PMID- 3361338
TI  - Haptoglobin groups in motor neuron disease.
AB  - Haptoglobin (Hp) groups were investigated in 81 patients with motor neuron
      disease. A significant excess of heterozygotes was observed, accentuated among
      males and in the progressive spinal muscular atrophy subgroup. The results are
      discussed in terms of a possible influence of Hp in the immunological response.

PMID- 3361339
TI  - A compulsive movement disorder with cavitation of caudate nucleus.

PMID- 3361340
TI  - Rapid development of basal ganglia calcification caused by anoxia.

PMID- 3361341
TI  - An implant clamp for atlanto-axial fusion.

PMID- 3361342
TI  - Fusiform aneurysm of the proximal anterior cerebral artery.

PMID- 3361343
TI  - Asymptomatic benign familial spinal muscular atrophy with hypertrophy of the
      calves and high creatine kinase levels.

PMID- 3361344
TI  - Reversible ataxia following chronic exposure to paradichlorobenzene.

PMID- 3361345
TI  - Negative hallucinations: an ictal phenomenon of partial complex seizures.

PMID- 3361347
TI  - Proceedings of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, the 111th meeting.
      London, 17-18 September 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3361346
TI  - Adult coeliac disease and brainstem encephalitis.

PMID- 3361348
TI  - Transient uniocular visual loss in association with intraorbital tumors.

PMID- 3361349
TI  - Arachnoid cysts of the middle fossa and subdural hematoma.

PMID- 3361350
TI  - Sporadic adult onset distal myopathy.

PMID- 3361351
TI  - Human lymphocyte and monocyte lysis of tumor cells mediated by a mouse/human IgG1
      chimeric monoclonal antibody.
AB  - The mouse monoclonal antibody 17-1A (gamma 2a, kappa) recognizes a tumor
      associated antigen expressed on human gastrointestinal malignancies and has been
      used in Phase I and II clinical trials. Chimeric genetic constructs have been
      produced using 17-1A variable region genes (VL and VH) and the constant region
      genes for human kappa light chains and gamma 1 heavy chains (C kappa and gamma
      1). The chimeric gene constructs were transfected into mouse myeloma cells for
      antibody production. The secreted mouse/human chimeric antibody contains the
      antigen-binding domain of 17-1A and the human (gamma 1, kappa) constant regions.
      Native mouse 17-1A and the chimeric antibody (chIgG1) were analyzed for binding
      to two human colon cancer cell lines and for the mediation of cancer cell line
      antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by normal human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes and monocytes in 4 h 51Cr-release assays. The 17-1A and chIgG1 gave
      similar results in these in vitro biologic assays. This study demonstrates the
      feasibility of using mouse/human chimeric antibodies in human therapeutic
      applications.

PMID- 3361353
TI  - Who referees the referees? A dilemma for peer reviewed journals.

PMID- 3361352
TI  - Monoclonal antibody to the streptococcal preparation OK-432: tissue OK-432
      localization and analysis of interaction between OK-432 and macrophages or NK
      cells in human salivary adenocarcinoma-bearing nude mice given OK-432.
AB  - An immunoglobulin M mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the streptococcal
      preparation OK-432, TS-1, was generated. The TS-1 antigen is a carbohydrate
      epitope. This antigen is stable upon fixation and embedding in paraffin. The
      tissue and cellular OK-432 localization in human salivary adenocarcinoma-bearing
      nude mice given OK-432 intratumorally was examined by various methods according
      to the immunological procedures using the purified TS-1 MAb. The presence of OK
      432 antigen recognized by TS-1 MAb was clearly observed in the tumor as well as
      the spleen and lung 24 or 48 h after OK-432 administration, whereas transfer of
      OK-432 from the site of injection to the organs, such as liver and kidney, was
      rarely seen. The presence of OK-432 antigen in some immunocompetent cells, as
      defined by Mac-1 antigen or asialo GM1 antigen, was observed by the double
      antibody labeling technique in the tumor and spleen from tumor-bearing nude mice.
      Moreover, interaction between OK-432 and macrophages or natural killer (NK) cells
      in relation to expression of interferon (IFN) in tumor-bearing nude mice given OK
      432 was observed. Consequently, significant increases of Ia-positive or Ia
      negative macrophages, NK cells as well as IFN-alpha/beta- or IFN-gamma-positive
      cells in the tumor and/or spleen were found when compared with those without OK
      432 administration.

PMID- 3361354
TI  - Influence of the full and new moon on onset of labor and spontaneous rupture of
      membranes.

PMID- 3361355
TI  - Management of common minor discomforts in pregnancy. Part III: Managing
      gastrointestinal problems in pregnancy.

PMID- 3361357
TI  - A description of a CNM-family physician joint practice in a rural setting.

PMID- 3361356
TI  - Effect of a breast shell on postpartum nipple pain: an exploratory study.

PMID- 3361358
TI  - Suicide among social workers in Rhode Island.
AB  - Cause-specific mortality patterns, by occupation, were examined among Rhode
      Island residents who died during the period 1968-1978, using the age-standardized
      proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) method. Occupation was determined from the
      usual occupation statement on the death certificate. A noteworthy finding was an
      elevated PMR for suicide among both male (PMR = 470, observed deaths = 5, P less
      than .01) and female (PMR = 510, observed deaths = 4, P less than .05) social
      workers. This is the first report of a high risk of suicide among social workers.
      Stress, which is associated with social work, may be a risk factor. Due to the
      relatively small numbers upon which this report is based and the limitations of
      death certificate data and the PMR method, this should be viewed as an
      exploratory investigation requiring further follow-up.

PMID- 3361359
TI  - Potential for misleading associations between exposure and disease when reviewing
      multiple epidemiologic studies.
AB  - In reviewing evidence from multiple epidemiologic studies, a statistical artifact
      can leave an impression that a relationship exists between an exposure and a
      disease even if none exists. In this paper, two fundamental properties of
      probability were applied to hypothetical situations where results from
      independent studies were combined. It was evident that, even when a cause-effect
      relationship did not exist, several studies still appeared to confirm the
      relationship. This statistical artifact was related primarily to the total number
      of independent studies reviewed and to a lesser degree to the size of a given
      study. Thus, in examining evidence for a cause-effect relationship from multiple
      published articles, some studies are likely to show the association and some not,
      even if no association exists. If only the studies which show the association are
      considered, without regard to the total number of studies, the reviewer can be
      misled. This statistical effect is illustrated with an example from the rubber
      worker literature.

PMID- 3361360
TI  - Spirometric abnormalities among asbestos insulation workers.
AB  - We studied the prevalence of spirometric changes among asbestos insulation
      workers to investigate when functional abnormalities appear during the course of
      asbestos employment and the influence of cigarette smoking. Of 1,249 eligible
      asbestos insulation workers in the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area, 1,117
      (89.4%) were examined in the year 1963 to provide baseline pulmonary function
      status for long-term prospective observation. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was
      measured in all 1,117 workers and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in
      613 workers (55%). Of 353 workers examined in the first 10 years after onset of
      exposure, 26 (7.4%) had FVC below 70% of predicted, a prevalence similar to that
      reported in nonexposed general populations. Prevalence increased with time from
      onset of exposure. Of the 117 workers examined 40 or more years after onset of
      exposure, 76 (55%) had FVC below 70% of predicted. A similar trend with time was
      shown for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Cigarette smoking had little influence on the
      prevalence of pure restrictive impairment. Cigarette smokers and non-cigarette
      smokers had much the same prevalence (28%) of moderate to severe reduction of FVC
      while the FEV1/FVC was normal. None of the non-cigarette smokers and five of the
      cigarette smokers had a predominantly obstructive pattern. One non-cigarette
      smoker and eight cigarette smokers showed reduction of both FVC and FEV1/FVC,
      consistent with a mixed ventilatory abnormality. The data demonstrate that
      asbestos alone without the additional effect of cigarette smoking has no
      measureable effect on the function of the large airways.

PMID- 3361361
TI  - A union-based rotation as an integral part of the Occupational Medicine Graduate
      Training Program.

PMID- 3361362
TI  - Effects of industrial respirators on respiratory timing and psychophysiologic
      load sensitivity.
AB  - Loads imposed by industrial respirators include inspiratory flow resistance and
      dead space. Eleven normal subjects were studied at five levels of treadmill
      exercise (from resting to peak) with and without a respirator surrogate load
      (single air-purifying cartridge plus 300 ml dead space). Analysis of variance
      with linear contrasts was used to separate interpersonal from respirator effects.
      The respiratory pattern was significantly affected, prolonging inspiration,
      decreasing peak inspiratory flow rates, and increasing tidal volume. Sensitivity
      to respiratory loads was measured by the magnitude estimation method; the
      respirator load, but not exercise, decreased load sensitivity. Interpersonal
      differences in load sensitivity were relatively large. This study suggests that
      tolerance to respiratory loads similar to those of respirators may be
      significantly affected by respiratory timing and load sensitivity adaptation.
      Poor tolerance by some workers might be related to abnormal psychophysiologic
      load sensitivity.

PMID- 3361363
TI  - Diabetes and hearing loss.

PMID- 3361364
TI  - Indoor air quality.

PMID- 3361365
TI  - Standardization of spirometry--1987 ATS update (American Thoracic Society)

PMID- 3361366
TI  - Medical education in the ambulatory setting. A conference sponsored by Stanford
      University Medical Center. 18-20 June 1987, Stanford.

PMID- 3361367
TI  - The goals for medical education in the ambulatory setting.

PMID- 3361369
TI  - Linear estimation theory applied to the evaluation of a priori information and
      system optimization in coded-aperture imaging.
AB  - Linear estimation theory is developed in the context of object reconstruction
      from data obtained by a general shift-variant imaging system. The formalism
      adopts nonstationary first- and second-order statistics of the object and noise
      classes as priori information. In addition, a metric for system optimization that
      depends on the a priori information is presented. The role of this a priori
      information as derived from several different training sets is then studied with
      respect to reconstruction performance for various noise levels in the data, using
      a tomographic coded-aperture system as the model. In a separate experiment, a
      simple coded-aperture system is optimized to a particular object class, and the
      results are compared with those from an earlier optimization experiment.

PMID- 3361368
TI  - Enhancing teaching effectiveness and vitality in the ambulatory setting.

PMID- 3361370
TI  - Shape estimation in computer tomography from minimal data.
AB  - In computerized tomography, line integrals of the absorptivity are used to
      reconstruct the object. In some applications only the locations, sizes, and
      shapes of internal opacities or near-opacities are needed. For these applications
      it is unnecessary to reconstruct an image by convolution backprojection [O(N3)]
      or by direct Fourier methods [O(N2log N)]. We propose an algorithm suitable for
      this problem that requires only O(N) operations (N is of the order of the number
      of views). We analyze and demonstrate the high performance of the algorithm but
      show that the performance of the algorithm depends strongly on an appropriate
      choice of system parameters. These parameters, the number of view N theta, and
      the detector spacing deltas are shown to be linked, and a choice of deltas
      strongly constrains the choice of N theta. We show how an optimum N theta can be
      determined for a fixed deltas, including practical values of deltas. A series of
      experiments that reinforce the theory is simulated on a computer.

PMID- 3361371
TI  - Color-prediction discrepancies and differential chromaticity thresholds with
      photopigment bleaching.
AB  - The differential chromaticity thresholds of three color stimuli have been
      determined from metameric matches carried out during the cone-plateau period
      after photopigment bleaching. The results are compared with some recently
      published ones [E. Hita, L. Jimenez del Barco, and J. Romero, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
      3, 1203 (1986)] obtained under similar experimental conditions but without prior
      photopigment bleaching. The possible effects of rod intrusion on color-prediction
      discrepancies are discussed in the light of both sets of results. Under our
      experimental conditions, with foveal fields of 3 deg, luminance within the low
      photopic level, and sets of primary colors produced by filters of differing
      spectral bandwidth, the rod intrusion effect can be ruled out as a possible cause
      of color-prediction discrepancies, although it does appear to produce variations
      in the sizes of the discrimination ellipses and in their orientation.

PMID- 3361373
TI  - Certifying dilettantes.

PMID- 3361372
TI  - Effects of pictorial noise interfering with visual detection.
AB  - In order to evaluate the potential gain of noise-suppression techniques, visual
      detection of sine-wave gratings in images with additive fine- and coarse-grain
      pictorial noise was investigated. An important part of the threshold elevations
      caused by pictorial noise can be explained in terms of masking. The threshold
      elevation can be reduced by about a factor of 7 through intelligent image
      processing. In addition to masking by similar noise components, the detection of
      low-spatial-frequency target detail can also be hindered by high-spatial
      frequency noise components. Correspondingly, the detection of lower spatial
      frequencies can be improved moderately by blurring.

PMID- 3361374
TI  - Legislative committee: tort reform now.

PMID- 3361375
TI  - The demographics of aging in Oklahoma: implications for health care delivery.

PMID- 3361376
TI  - Profile of Oklahoma allopathic physicians.

PMID- 3361377
TI  - Rupture of the heart in blunt chest trauma.

PMID- 3361378
TI  - Metabolism of low density lipoprotein after storage.

PMID- 3361379
TI  - Clinical and immunologic responses to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus
      influenzae type b alone or conjugated to tetanus toxoid in 18- to 23-month-old
      children.
AB  - The safety and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular
      polysaccharide (CPS) alone, or covalently bound to tetanus toxoid in saline
      solution (Hib-TT) or adsorbed onto AI(OH)3 (Hib-TT ads), were evaluated after one
      injection into 18- to 23-month-old healthy children in Sweden. No side reactions
      were elicited by Hib CPS; side reactions elicited by the two conjugates were
      similar and comparable to those reported for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids
      adsorbed. Hib-TT was the most immunogenic of the three vaccines, eliciting about
      10-fold higher antibody levels than Hib CPS; of 28 vaccinees, all had greater
      than 1.0 microgram Ab/mL serum after immunization with Hib-TT. Increases of Hib
      CPS antibodies within immunoglobulin classes induced by the three vaccines were,
      in decreasing order, IgG greater than IgM greater than IgA. Within IgG
      subclasses, rises in IgG1 Hib CPS antibodies were the most frequent, followed by
      IgG2; some vaccinees with high postimmunization levels also had rises in IgG3 and
      one in IgG4. Immunization-induced Hib CPS antibodies were bactericidal. Hib-TT
      also elicited higher levels of tetanus toxoid antibodies than Hib-TT ads; these
      tetanus toxoid antibodies neutralized tetanus toxin in vivo.

PMID- 3361380
TI  - Complex carbohydrate intolerance: diagnostic pitfalls and approach to management.
AB  - Complex carbohydrate intolerance occurred in three of 105 patients with
      protracted diarrhea of infancy. Nosocomial gastroenteritis complicated a primary
      disorder of carbohydrate absorption (primary glucose galactose malabsorption,
      two; primary sucrase isomaltase deficiency, one) in all patients. Their course
      was characterized by protracted diarrhea, variable degrees of villus atrophy on
      intestinal biopsy tissue, and negative caloric balance requiring intravenous
      alimentation for periods varying from 6 to 16 weeks. Dietary management required
      rigid exclusion of all offending carbohydrates from the diet. Delay in the
      diagnosis of primary carbohydrate intolerance varied from 2 weeks to 6 months.
      Complex carbohydrate intolerance may be more common than has been reported, and
      should be considered in all infants with protracted diarrhea of infancy when
      there is persistent carbohydrate intolerance.

PMID- 3361381
TI  - Growth and development of infants with end-stage renal disease receiving long
      term peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The growth and development of four infants with end-stage renal disease receiving
      long-term peritoneal dialysis was studied during the first year of life. In each
      patient, dialysis was begun before 4 weeks of age. A nutritional regimen was
      designed to attain a daily weight gain appropriate for height age while
      minimizing the blood urea nitrogen level. A neurodevelopmental evaluation of
      gross and fine motor, cognitive, language, and psychosocial skills was performed
      at least every 3 months. At age 1 year, the mean height standard deviation score
      (SDS) was -1.33 +/- 0.2. Weight for height was greater than 95th percentile in
      one patient and normal in three. Mean caloric and protein intake were 105 +/- 20
      kcal/kg/d (11.4 +/- 2.7 kcal/cm/d) and 2.7 g/kg/d (0.30 +/- 0.11 g/cm/d),
      respectively. Mean blood urea nitrogen was 53.6 +/- 17.8 mg/dL. Developmentally,
      three of the patients were functioning in the normal range and one was mildly
      retarded. However, gross motor skills were delayed in all patients. Although
      infants with end-stage renal disease are usually severely growth retarded and
      developmentally delayed, our observations suggest that early nutritional
      intervention and dialysis can yield improved results.

PMID- 3361382
TI  - Parathyroid gland hemorrhage in perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - In four neonates with perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) who
      survived for more than 9 days after birth, vascular congestion and acute
      hemorrhage were found in 10 of 11 parathyroid glands; in one neonate, all four
      parathyroid glands, including the only gland without acute hemorrhage, contained
      abundant deposits of stainable iron. One neonate had hypocalcemia, and one had
      both hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. In four neonates with OI who died within
      72 minutes of birth, all 10 parathyroid glands demonstrated were free of
      hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition. Only minor foci of acute hemorrhage were
      seen in three of 170 glands in 113 comparison neonates and infants. We conclude
      that parathyroid gland hemorrhage is common in perinatally lethal OI with
      survival beyond the immediate period of birth, and is otherwise rare. We
      speculate that parathyroid hemorrhage may be related to difficulty in maintaining
      postnatal calcium homeostasis in the absence of adequate calcium reserves in
      bone. Acute parathyroid gland hemorrhage causes fluctuations in serum calcium
      levels that have on occasion proved fatal, and parathyroid hemorrhage may be a
      proximate cause of death in some neonates with OI.

PMID- 3361384
TI  - Chronic immune-mediated thrombocytopenia after varicella infection.

PMID- 3361383
TI  - Persistence of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b at 4 years of age in
      children previously immunized with polysaccharide antigen alone or conjugated
      with diphtheria toxoid.

PMID- 3361385
TI  - Screening tests to detect microalbuminuria in children with diabetes.

PMID- 3361386
TI  - Quantitative blood cultures in the diagnosis of sepsis in infants with umbilical
      and Broviac catheters.

PMID- 3361387
TI  - Late-onset hypocalcemia, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism in an infant of a mother
      with hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3361389
TI  - Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis using a hematologic scoring system.
AB  - Hematologic findings and published complete blood cell count criteria were
      evaluated as screening tests for neonatal sepsis. From the data obtained, a
      hematologic scoring system was formulated that assigns a score of 1 for each of
      seven findings: abnormal total leukocyte count, abnormal total neutrophil (PMN)
      count, elevated immature PMN count, elevated immature to total PMN ratio,
      immature to mature PMN ratio greater than or equal to 0.3, platelet count less
      than or equal to 150,000/mm3, and pronounced degenerative changes in PMNs. There
      were 298 evaluations for sepsis (243 in the first 24 hours of life and 55 between
      days 2 and 30). Twenty-six of 27 (96%) infants with sepsis and all 23 infants
      with probable infection had scores greater than or equal to 3, compared with 35
      of 248 (14%) noninfected infants. The likelihood of sepsis with score greater
      than or equal to 3 was 31%, and this value differed with both gestational and
      postnatal ages (34% vs 8% in preterm and term infants less than 24 hours of age,
      and 65% thereafter). The higher the score the greater was the likelihood of
      sepsis. With score less than or equal to 2 the likelihood that sepsis was absent
      was 99%. The hematologic scoring system should improve the diagnostic accuracy of
      the complete blood cell count as a screening test for sepsis and could simplify
      and standardize the interpretation of this global test.

PMID- 3361388
TI  - Variable immunodeficiency with abnormal condensation of the heterochromatin of
      chromosomes 1, 9, and 16.

PMID- 3361390
TI  - Cerebral blood flow velocity in term newborn infants: changes associated with
      ductal flow.
AB  - The effects of ductal closure on range-gated pulsed Doppler cerebral blood flow
      velocity (CBFV) patterns in the internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and middle
      cerebral arteries were studied in 10 normal term infants (mean birth weight 3302
      +/- 294 g (SD) and mean gestational age 39.6 +/- 1.3 weeks). Pulsatility was
      calculated from flow velocities and used as an estimate of cerebral blood flow
      (CBF). Ductal closure was associated with a rise in mean blood pressure from 45.0
      +/- 4.2 to 51.3 +/- 6.5 mm Hg (P less than 0.05) and a significant decrease in
      pulsatility in all three vessels (mean = 0.77 +/- 0.07 vs 0.70 +/- 0.05 (P less
      than 0.02]. Changes in pulsatility were correlated with changes in mean blood
      pressure (P less than 0.02), providing evidence that systemic blood pressure may
      influence postnatal cerebral arterial pulsatility indices. We also noted
      significant differences in the velocity and pulsatility of individual vessels
      that were independent of blood pressure, suggesting that Doppler flow studies may
      be useful in describing regional CBF patterns. The temporal association between
      ductal closure and decreased pulsatility suggests that CBFV patterns reflect
      ductal shunting in normal term newborn infants. Diastolic runoff and reduced
      systemic blood pressure in the presence of ductal shunting appear to reduce
      diastolic flow velocity and increase CBFV pulsatility in normal term infants
      during the first days of life. Normal mechanisms of cerebral autoregulation
      compensate for decreased flow with vasodilation; therefore the increased
      pulsatility associated with ductal shunting may be due to diastolic runoff rather
      than increased cerebrovascular resistance.

PMID- 3361391
TI  - Passive compliance of total respiratory system in preterm newborn infants with
      respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - The passive compliance of the total respiratory system (CRS) was measured by the
      occlusion technique in 34 preterm newborn infants with respiratory distress
      syndrome. Gestational age ranged from 27 to 33 weeks. Preterm newborn infants
      were divided into four groups on the basis of clinical criteria. Group 1
      consisted of 10 infants tested during the first postnatal days (1 to 3 days)
      while acutely ill and requiring ventilation and oxygen therapy. After the acute
      phase of respiratory distress syndrome, two groups were tested: group 2 consisted
      of nine infants (5 to 22 days of age) who no longer required ventilation, and
      group 3 consisted of six infants (7 to 28 days of age) who subsequently had
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Group 4 consisted of nine infants older than 1 month
      of age with confirmed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Group 1 had significantly lower
      CRS and CRS normalized for body weight (CRS/BW) than group 2 had (P less than
      0.001). In groups 3 and 4 CRS was significantly lower than in group 2 (P less
      than 0.001), as was CRS/BW (P less than 0.001). There was no significant
      difference in CRS and CRS/BW values between groups 3 and 4. This cross-sectional
      study in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome suggests that CRS may
      have predictive value in regard to development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
      after the acute phase of respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3361393
TI  - Management of pulmonary barotrauma by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, apnea,
      and lung rest.

PMID- 3361392
TI  - Prevention of pulmonary alveolar macrophage proliferation in newborn rabbits by
      hyperoxia.
AB  - As a test of the hypothesis that hyperoxia might hinder the growth of nascent
      lung macrophages, term newborn rabbits were treated with room air or increasing
      oxygen concentrations (40%, 80%, or greater than or equal to 95%) for 96 hours
      after birth. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of environmental exposure, pulmonary
      alveolar macrophage population kinetics were determined by three methods: (1)
      bronchoalveolar lavage cell yields, (2) thymidine incorporation by macrophages,
      and (3) assessment of macrophage cell division by mitotic indices. Newborn
      rabbits kept in room air or 40% inspired O2 showed a steady increase of
      macrophages in lung lavage, but pups treated with 80% or greater than or equal to
      95% oxygen showed no rise of macrophage yield in lung washings after 96 hours of
      exposure (P less than 0.02). The diminished macrophage yield noted in pups
      treated with 80% or greater than or equal to 95% oxygen was explained by rates of
      thymidine uptake and macrophages replication (mitotic indices) that were greater
      than 12-fold lower than values seen in rabbit pups housed in room air or 40%
      inspired O2 for 96 hours (P less than 0.05). These findings could not be
      attributed to malnutrition caused by oxygen toxicity because all groups appeared
      well and gained weight equally during the period of exposure. We conclude that
      acute hyperoxia impedes the intraalveolar proliferation of lung macrophages, an
      observation that may have implications regarding host defense and for repair and
      growth of the lung in neonates needing respiratory support.

PMID- 3361394
TI  - Hypercalcemia with increased and unregulated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production
      in a neonate with subcutaneous fat necrosis.

PMID- 3361396
TI  - Effect of sublingual or oral nifedipine in the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3361395
TI  - Efficacy and toxicity of D-penicillamine in low-level lead poisoning.
AB  - In a retrospective cohort study we reviewed our experience using D-penicillamine
      in children with low-level lead poisoning (whole blood lead levels 25 to 40
      micrograms/dL) to determine its efficacy and the incidence of side effects. Two
      groups were compared: treated subjects (n = 84) were treated with penicillamine
      at a mean daily dose of 27.5 mg/kg; control subjects (n = 37) received no
      chelation therapy. Over a prechelation observation period of 60 days, lead levels
      (PbB) did not change in either group. With a mean period of 76 days of D
      penicillamine therapy, PbB fell in treated patients by 33% (P less than 0.001).
      In 64 patients (76%), PbB was reduced to a currently acceptable range (less than
      or equal to 25 micrograms/dL). There were eight treatment failures (10%). In
      control subjects, mean PbB did not change significantly over 119 days of
      observation. Fourteen control subjects eventually required conventional chelation
      with calcium disodium ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, and 17 were lost to
      follow-up. Use of D-penicillamine was associated with an adverse reaction in 28
      cases (33%); transient leukopenia occurred in eight, rash in seven, transient
      platelet count depression in seven, enuresis in three, and abdominal pain in two.
      Treatment was terminated prematurely in eight cases (10%) because of an adverse
      reaction. We conclude that D-penicillamine is effective therapy for selected
      children with low-level plumbism, but adverse effects can complicate or prevent
      its use in some patients.

PMID- 3361399
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3361397
TI  - Treatment with dexamethasone of androgen excess in adolescent patients.
AB  - Fourteen hirsute girls, ages 12 to 22 years (mean +/- SD: 17.2 +/- 2.6 years), in
      whom 21-hydroxylase deficiency was excluded by a 1-hour intravenous alpha 1-24
      corticotropin test, were evaluated by a 4-day dexamethasone test and then treated
      with a bedtime dose of dexamethasone (0.5 mg in 10 patients, 0.25 mg in four) for
      0.6 to 3.4 years (1.3 +/- 0.8 years). Hirsutism decreased in four patients, did
      not change in nine, and increased in one. Of the 10 patients with irregular
      menses, only three developed regular cycles while taking dexamethasone. During
      long-term dexamethasone therapy, serum levels of testosterone decreased from 102
      +/- 22 to 72 +/- 27 ng/dL, free testosterone from 35 +/- 11 to 19 +/- 8 pg/mL,
      and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate from 396 +/- 138 to 171 +/- 101 micrograms/dL.
      Although free testosterone decreased to less than 15 pg/mL in eight of 14
      patients with the suppression test, only four patients had free testosterone
      levels less than 15 pg/mL during therapy. Two of the 14 patients have had no
      recurrence of hirsutism or increase in serum androgens after 28 and 29 months,
      respectively, after dexamethasone therapy was discontinued. Oral contraceptives
      were given to nine patients inadequately responsive to bedtime dexamethasone
      therapy. The mean percent decrease of testosterone and free testosterone levels
      during oral contraceptive therapy was significantly greater than during long-term
      treatment with dexamethasone, and hirsutism lessened in all. We conclude that a
      single bedtime dose of dexamethasone is satisfactory only in patients who
      maintain serum free testosterone values less than 15 pg/mL without side effects.
      For other patients, either another glucocorticoid or, in most cases, ovulation
      suppression should be prescribed for adolescents with progressive hirsutism and
      elevated androgen levels.

PMID- 3361398
TI  - Meningitis and multiple cerebral abscesses in a ten-year-old boy.

PMID- 3361400
TI  - Tracheobronchial abnormalities complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 3361401
TI  - Fetal varicella syndrome.

PMID- 3361402
TI  - Movement of airflow, peripheral entrainment, and dispersion of contaminants.

PMID- 3361403
TI  - Particulate matter counting: the technical issues.

PMID- 3361404
TI  - Degradation of tryptophan in aqueous solution.

PMID- 3361406
TI  - Psychobiography and life narratives.

PMID- 3361405
TI  - Residual seal force measurement of parenteral vials. I. Methodology.

PMID- 3361407
TI  - The Last-Weiss Rorschach Ego-Strength Scale as a prognostic measure for
      psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that the Last-Weiss (Last & Weiss, 1976)
      Rorschach Ego-Strength Scale would predict outcome among a representative sample
      of first-lifetime psychiatric admissions. One hundred seventeen patients were
      assessed with structured symptom, psychiatric history, and social data interviews
      at hospital admission, and 2-year follow-up. Outcome measures included a
      multidimensional variable involving rehospitalization time, social and work
      functioning, and recent symptom level and symptom measures. Unexpectedly, the
      Last-Weiss Sum E variable correlated significantly with negative multidimensional
      outcome, a result that was strengthened when any possibly confounding effects of
      social class, IQ, and number of Rorschach responses were partialled out. It was
      found that Sum E's predictive value for poorer outcome was due to the space
      response (S+) component of the ego-strength variable. Possible explanations of
      the findings and implications for the previously validated Klopfer's Rorschach
      Prognostic Rating Scale are discussed.

PMID- 3361409
TI  - Masculine gender-role stress: predictor of anger, anxiety, and health-risk
      behaviors.
AB  - We suggest that male gender-role identification affects whether specific
      situations are appraised as stressful. A questionnaire was developed to measure
      masculine gender-role stress (MGRS). Correlational data and multiple regression
      were used to validate the MGRS scale as a measure of gender-related stress in
      men, and compare its predictive utility with Spence's commonly-used measure of
      masculinity. Findings indicate that stress appraisal is gender related, that is,
      men experience more masculine-role stress than women. Further, the construct of
      MGRS was distinguished from the concept of masculinity. Finally, MGRS predicted
      increased anger, increased anxiety, and poorer health behaviors.

PMID- 3361408
TI  - Dimensions of personality organization as predictors of teenage pregnancy risk.
AB  - Personality development as measured by Loevinger's Washington University Sentence
      Completion Test, The Friedman Developmental Level Scoring System for the
      Rorschach, The Urist Mutuality of Autonomy Scale, The Thematic Apperception Test,
      and indexes from a structured interview were able to discriminate between
      teenagers at high- and low-risk for pregnancy. In addition, these measures
      correlated significantly with each other and enabled a description and comparison
      of the personality characteristics of adolescents who are at risk for pregnancy
      and those who are not.

PMID- 3361410
TI  - Factor structure of a Spanish version of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety
      Scale in Uruguay.
AB  - The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was translated into Spanish
      and administered to 1,423 pupils in Grades 1 thru 12 in Uruguay. An orthogonal
      varimax rotation was performed, which revealed three factors of anxiety. These
      factors are quite similar to those found through factor analyses in the RCMAS for
      American children. A discussion of the factor structure and possible use of this
      instrument in Latin American countries is presented.

PMID- 3361411
TI  - Perceived social support from family and friends: measurement across disparate
      samples.
AB  - This research investigates the psychometric properties of the Perceived Social
      Support (PSS; Procidano & Heller, 1983) from family and friends across three
      samples: a chronic-psychiatric sample, a diabetic sample, and an undergraduate
      college student sample. Comparisons of internal consistency, central tendency,
      and dispersion for both the perceived family support (PSS-FA) and the perceived
      friend support (PSS-FR) are reported, as are the relationships between these two
      scales for each group. Correlations with general health status and psychiatric
      symptomatology are also reported. The utility of this measure for generalizable
      research on social support is discussed.

PMID- 3361412
TI  - Comparison of three multiscale inventories in identifying the presence of
      psychopathological symptoms.
AB  - Two new multiscale inventories, the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) and Millon
      Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), assess the domain of psychopathology. Both
      use modern principles of test construction that arose over the years since the
      introduction of the MMPI. These three tests were compared in terms of their
      ability to discriminate between the presence and absence of 11 symptoms of
      psychopathology. Symptoms used in the analysis were extracted from medical
      records and showed interrater reliabilities ranging from kappa = .412 to 1.00.
      All symptoms had incidences of at least 15% in the sample of 107 psychiatric
      inpatients used. The MMPI was scored for both clinical and Wiggins content
      scales. Parallel discriminant analyses were performed for each set of test scores
      for the presence or absence of each symptom. A conservative alpha level was
      adopted, and results favored the Basic Personality Inventory.

PMID- 3361413
TI  - The MMPI and clinical diagnosis: a comparison of classification system outcomes
      with discharge diagnoses.
AB  - This study examined the agreement or congruence rate between clinical-discharge
      diagnoses rendered by a psychiatrist, and admission and discharge MMPI-derived
      diagnoses from four diagnostic classification systems that have been developed
      for the MMPI. The four classification systems included a simple high-point code
      based on the most elevated clinical scale in the profile, the Henrichs revision
      of the Meehl-Dahlstrom rules, the Goldberg equations, and a system developed by
      Lachar. Subjects consisted of 150 patients selected from a larger pool of
      patients who had completed a 9-week adult residential treatment program. Overall,
      this study yielded modest hit rates between 26% and 34% for MMPI-derived
      diagnoses and psychiatric diagnoses across the various classification systems. In
      addition, stability of MMPI-based diagnoses from admission to discharge
      assessments ranged from 48% to 51% depending on the classification system
      employed. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of
      the MMPI in patient diagnosis. It is recommended that the MMPI be used in
      conjunction with other sources of clinical and test information in deriving
      clinical diagnoses.

PMID- 3361415
TI  - Validity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory in the assessment of
      affective disorders.
AB  - The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) was administered to 270 adult
      outpatients with major affective disorders at the same time that a
      semistructured, diagnostic interview was conducted by a clinician. The mood of
      the patient was then rated, and the clinician completed the Hamilton Depression
      Rating Scale and the Mania Rating Scale. A consensual diagnosis was arrived at by
      the team of investigators using DSM-III criteria. Significant correlations were
      found between four MCMI affective scales and the global mood state of the
      patient. Analysis of covariance indicated that the MCMI affective scales are
      significantly related to DSM-III affective disorders even after the effect of the
      current mood of the patient is partialled out. The clinical usefulness of each of
      the scales is discussed.

PMID- 3361414
TI  - Differentiating between schizophrenic and manic inpatients by means of the MMPI.
AB  - Forty-five psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia and 31
      inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of bipolar disorder (and currently manic) were
      compared on the MMPI. Results indicated that although the schizophrenic patients
      achieved significantly higher scores on several of the MMPI scales (F, Pt, Sc,
      Si), these findings were of questionable clinical significance. On the other
      hand, the schizophrenic group did produce a significantly greater percentage of
      MMPI high-point pairs containing Scale 8(Sc): that is, 64.4% versus 35.5%.

PMID- 3361416
TI  - Event memory: temporal-order judgments of personal life experiences.
AB  - Three experiments with undergraduate subjects investigated the mental
      representations that people form when they recall and chronologically order their
      personal experiences. Subjects in each study first recalled five events that
      occurred to them in two general periods of their life (e.g., high school and
      college). Later, they saw pairs of these events and judged the order in which
      they occurred. It typically took less time to compare events that occurred in
      different time periods than events that occurred in the same period. However,
      response times depended on the serial positions of the compared events in each
      time period, and the distance between them, in ways that varied over the three
      experiments. These effects were interpreted in terms of a model of event memory
      and judgment proposed by Wyer, Shoben, Fuhrman, and Bodenhausen (1985).
      Specifically, subjects appear to organize the events they are asked to recall
      into categories defined by the periods of life in which they occurred and assign
      temporal codes to these categories. However, they do not perform a more detailed
      temporal coding of the events they recall unless a coherent temporal
      representation of these events is difficult to construct. A direct comparison
      between judgments of personal experiences and judgments of others' experiences
      suggested that people may make more detailed temporal coding of others'
      experiences than they do of their own.

PMID- 3361417
TI  - Value self-confrontation as a method to aid in weight loss.
AB  - The impact on weight loss of an adaptation of the Rokeach (1973) value self
      confrontation method was investigated in a field experiment. This method
      confronts people who have ranked their own values with information about the
      value priorities that discriminate between a positive and a negative reference
      group. A preliminary study revealed that successful weight losers differ from
      unsuccessful weight losers in valuing "wisdom" more than "happiness." Eighty
      seven overweight adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: value
      self-confrontation, group discussion, or non-treatment control. Value self
      confrontation subjects lost more weight than the other subjects over 2 months,
      and this weight loss persisted for an additional year. Changes in value
      priorities during the first 2 months suggest that weight loss was mediated by an
      increase in the importance attributed to wisdom relative to happiness.
      Implications for the theory of value-behavior relations and for practical
      application in weight loss programs are discussed.

PMID- 3361418
TI  - Smiles when lying.
AB  - Subtle differences among forms of smiling distinguished when subjects were
      truthful and when they lied about experiencing pleasant feelings. Expressions
      that included muscular activity around the eyes in addition to the smiling lips
      occurred more often when people were actually enjoying themselves as compared
      with when enjoyment was feigned to conceal negative emotions. Smiles that
      included traces of muscular actions associated with disgust, fear, contempt, or
      sadness occurred more often when subjects were trying to mask negative emotions
      with a happy mask. When these differences among types of smiling were ignored and
      smiling was treated as a unitary phenomenon, there was no difference between
      truthful and deceptive behavior.

PMID- 3361419
TI  - Coping as a mediator of emotion.
AB  - There is widespread conviction among health care professionals that coping
      affects emotion. Yet theory and research have traditionally emphasized the
      effects of emotion on coping. The present research addresses this imbalance by
      evaluating the extent to which coping mediated emotions during stressful
      encounters in two Caucasian, community-residing samples. Subjects' recently
      experienced stressful encounters, the ways they coped with the demands of those
      encounters, and the emotions they experienced during two stages of those
      encounters were assessed repeatedly. The extent to which eight forms of coping
      mediated each of four sets of emotions was evaluated with a series of
      hierarchical regression analyses (of residuals). Coping was associated with
      changes in all four sets of emotions, with some forms of coping associated with
      increases in positive emotions and other forms associated with increases in
      negative emotions.

PMID- 3361420
TI  - The impact of daily stress on health and mood: psychological and social resources
      as mediators.
AB  - This study examined daily stress processes among 75 married couples across 20
      assessments during a 6-month period. The somatic and psychological effects of
      common everyday hassles were investigated. Overall, there was a significant
      relationship between daily stress and the occurrence of both concurrent and
      subsequent health problems such as flu, sore throat, headaches, and backaches.
      The relationship of daily stress to mood disturbance was more complex. The
      negative effects of stress on mood were limited to a single day, with the
      following day characterized by mood scores that were better than usual.
      Furthermore, striking individual differences were found in the extent to which
      daily stress was associated with health and mood across time. Participants with
      unsupportive social relationships and low self-esteem were more likely to
      experience an increase in psychological and somatic problems both on and
      following stressful days than were participants high in self-esteem and social
      support. These data suggest that persons with low psychosocial resources are
      vulnerable to illness and mood disturbance when their stress levels increase,
      even if they generally have little stress in their lives.

PMID- 3361421
TI  - The role of attachment in the post-divorce experience.
AB  - The loss of the spouse resulting from marital breakdown appears to be a central
      component of post-divorce distress. However, comparatively little empirical
      research has examined the nature of this broken bond or its impact on the
      divorced adult. This study tests the hypothesis that the continuing positive
      feelings for the ex-spouse following divorce are very salient for the individual
      and are related to increased distress. Sixty recently divorced women selected
      from court records were randomly assigned to one of three conditions in which
      they recalled the ex-spouse in a positive, loving interaction (PS); the ex-spouse
      in a conflictual interaction (C); or a friend in a positive, loving interaction
      (PS). A post-recall thought sampling procedure was employed to measure the
      frequency of thoughts about the ex-spouse. The subjects in the PS condition had
      significantly more post-recall thoughts of the ex-spouse and significantly more
      thoughts about coping than those in either the C or the PF conditions. The
      implications of these data for theories of post-divorce adaptation and adult
      attachment are discussed.

PMID- 3361422
TI  - Perceived social support in gays and lesbians in cohabitating relationships.
AB  - In a descriptive study, I sought to identify the providers of social support for
      69 gay and 50 lesbian cohabitating couples. I also (a) compared differences
      between gays and lesbians on the most frequent and total number of providers of
      support and satisfaction with social support; (b) assessed differences between
      partners within the couples on the social support dimensions and related these
      differences to relationship quality; and (c) related the social support
      dimensions to psychological adjustment. For both gays and lesbians, the most
      frequent social support providers, in order, were friends, partners, family, and
      coworkers. Gay and lesbian couples (and partners within these couples) did not
      differ on any of the social support dimensions. However, discrepancies between
      partners' scores were related to low relationship quality, especially for
      lesbians. For both gays and lesbians, high social support was related to
      psychological adjustment. The findings indicate that gender differences in social
      support are not universal, that such differences are probably mediated by
      socialization processes, and that social support is linked to relationship
      quality and to psychological adjustment.

PMID- 3361423
TI  - Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressful events and
      psychological distress: a prospective analysis.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that one's sense of humor serves as a moderator
      of the deleterious effects of negative stressful life events. However, because
      this research has been only cross-sectional in nature, such conclusions remain
      tentative. The purpose of this study was to provide for a more rigorous test of
      the humor as a stress-buffer hypothesis by using a prospective design that also
      attempted to control for the variance attributable to prior level of distress.
      Additionally, two measures of humor were included to increase the construct
      validity of the findings. Results from a series of regression analyses indicated
      that humor served as a moderator of stress for depressive, but not anxiety,
      symptomatology, regardless of the measure of humor that was used in the analyses.
      Implications of these findings for future research are noted.

PMID- 3361424
TI  - Dyphylline prodrugs: plasma hydrolysis and dyphylline release in rabbits.
AB  - Ester hydrolysis of prodrugs of dyphylline [7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)theophylline]
      followed first-order kinetics in both human and rabbit plasma. Rate constants
      were estimated by linear regression analysis of initial conversion rates,
      determined at different initial prodrug concentrations. Release of dyphylline
      from different prodrugs was 1.3 to 13 times faster in rabbit plasma than human
      plasma. However, relative rates of drug release (lability order) followed the
      same patterns in rabbit and human plasma. Dyphylline concentrations in rabbit
      plasma were extended slightly following intravenous administration of dyphylline
      2',3'-dipivaloate. Oral dosing of the prodrug in rabbits greatly sustained plasma
      dyphylline concentrations.

PMID- 3361425
TI  - Prodrugs utilizing organosilyl derivation: an investigation of the long-term
      androgenic and myotrophic activities of silyl derivatives of testosterone.
AB  - The long-term androgenic and myotrophic activities of
      dimethylditestosteroxysilane and diphenylditestosteroxysilane were studied and
      compared with the activities of testosterone propionate and
      testosteroxytrimethylsilane. The testing was carried out in vivo, using castrated
      male rats, over a 50-d period. Dimethylditestosteroxysilane and
      diphenylditestosteroxysilane were shown to exhibit both myotrophic activity and
      androgenic activity. In the early stages of the study,
      dimethylditestosteroxysilane displayed myotrophic activity with no corresponding
      androgenic activity. The results presented indicate that these silyl ethers act
      as latentiated derivatives of testosterone.

PMID- 3361426
TI  - Biological evaluation of novel cyclopropyl analogues of stilbene, stilbenediol,
      and phenanthrene for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity.
AB  - The triphenylethylene-type antiestrogens, such as tamoxifen, are known to be
      useful in the treatment of estrogen-dependent tumors. However, these compounds
      display mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist activity which may limit their
      therapeutic effectiveness. This problem of mixed activity led to the synthesis
      and identification of a cyclopropyl derivative of cis-stilbene which we have
      named Analog I. This compound (1,1-dichloro-cis-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane)
      displayed only antiestrogenic activity in the mouse. The present study was
      designed to evaluate cyclopropyl derivatives of Analog II for estrogenic and
      antiestrogenic activity in the rat using the standard 3-d uterotropic assay and
      the uterine cytoplasmic estrogen receptor assay. Five compounds (B-F) which are
      cyclopropyl derivatives of stilbene, stilbenediol, and phenanthrene were
      evaluated in this study. Three of the compounds (B-D) displayed neither
      estrogenic nor antiestrogenic activity in the rat. The relative estrogenic
      activities of E and F were 11.3 and 1.5%, respectively, of diethylstilbestrol in
      the uterotropic assay, and 39 and 6.2%, respectively, of estradiol in the
      estrogen receptor assay. Neither E nor F was found to display antiestrogenic
      activity in the rat. The results indicate that the relative estrogenic and
      receptor binding activities of E and F are similar to those previously observed
      in the mouse, while B-D appear to be inactive in both species.

PMID- 3361427
TI  - Kinetics and mechanisms of vinpocetine degradation in aqueous solutions.
AB  - Under stressed conditions, vinpocetine (1; ethyl apovincamin-22-oate)
      equilibrates with vincaminic acid ethyl ester (2) and 14-epivincaminic acid ethyl
      ester (3), and hydrolyzes to apovincaminic acid (4). Sequentially, 2 is
      equilibrated with 14-epivincaminic acid ethyl ester (3) and hydrolyzes to
      vincaminic acid (5), which equilibrates with 4 and 14-epivincaminic acid (6). At
      acidic pH, the major route of degradation is 1 in equilibrium 2----5. However, at
      neutral pH, the major route of degradation is 1----4 in equilibrium 5. The
      kinetics for the degradation of 1 in the pH 1-3 region is represented by a
      consecutive reaction with a reversible step (second-order), but the degradation
      of 1 in the pH 3.5-6.0 region follows pseudo first-order kinetics. Significant
      buffer catalysis is observed with acetate and phosphate buffers. Reactions are
      dependent on the ionic strength, pH, and temperature. No oxygen effect on the
      degradation of vinpocetine is found.

PMID- 3361428
TI  - Characterization of the pore transport properties and tissue alteration of
      excised human skin during iontophoresis.
AB  - Pores through which charged carriers move during iontophoresis were demonstrated
      by the use of the cathodic (-) iontophoretic transport of fluorescein from the
      epidermis to the dermis. Both dermatomed (0.8-mm) human cadaver skin and full
      thickness female human breast skin were investigated. The density of pores, as
      visualized by fluorescein transport, was approximately 2-5 cm-2. A set of
      microelectrodes rastered across the visualized pore gave a maximal response when
      directly above the pore, demonstrating that the pore was a locus of charge
      transport. Fluorescein was also sometimes observed at the diffusion cell-tissue
      interface. This indicates that edge damage had occurred as the result of clamping
      the tissue in a diffusion cell. Studies were conducted to determine if tissue
      damage occurred during iontophoretic transport. The electrical resistance across
      excised skin was measured at 0.2 Hz and found to decrease initially by
      approximately an order of magnitude after the application of an iontophoretic
      current of 0.16 mA/cm2 for 1 h. The electrical resistance then increased,
      reaching a plateau value which was lower than the original tissue resistance
      before application of an iontophoretic current. Controls were carried out to
      demonstrate that the observed electrical resistance changes were not just due to
      tissue hydration effects. These results imply that the passage of current through
      excised human skin at clinically acceptable current densities can lead to tissue
      damage which is not fully reversible.

PMID- 3361430
TI  - Disposition of [14C]pinacidil in humans.
AB  - Pinacidil [(+/-)-2-cyano-1-(4-pyridyl)-3-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)guanidine
      monohydrate] is a novel, direct-acting vasodilator antihypertensive agent. The
      cyano 14C-labeled drug is rapidly and completely absorbed after an oral 12.5-mg
      dose in solution. The blood:plasma concentration ratios (0.8-0.9) indicate
      transient penetration of radioactivity into blood cells. Blood and plasma tmax
      (0.5 h) and t 1/2 (4 h) of [14C]pinacidil equivalents are similar. Pinacidil
      (51%), pinacidil N-oxide (28%), and unidentified polar metabolites (21%) comprise
      the plasma radioactivity. The plasma t 1/2 of pinacidil is 2-3 h, and that of
      pinacidil N-oxide is 4-5 h. Renal excretion of radioactivity is the major route
      (80-90% dose) of drug elimination; fecal elimination accounted for 4% of the
      dose. Renal clearance of the N-oxide is 10 times the renal clearance of the
      parent drug and exceeds the creatinine clearance. Biotransformation products in 0
      24-h urine samples include pinacidil (10%), pinacidil N-oxide (60%), and free and
      conjugated analogues of pinacidil and metabolites (30%). Stereoselective
      metabolism is not a major biotransformation pathway of pinacidil or the N-oxide
      metabolite.

PMID- 3361431
TI  - Definitions and applications of mean transit and residence times in reference to
      the two-compartment mammillary plasma clearance model.
AB  - The mean transit time (MTT) and the mean residence time (MRT) values of a linear
      two-compartment plasma clearance model were evaluated using definitions
      originally proposed by Rescigno and Gurpide. The MRT of the total body (MRTB) can
      be viewed as comprising the MRT in the central compartment (MRTC) and the MRT in
      the peripheral tissue compartment (MRTT). The MTT and MRT of each compartment can
      be envisioned as the average interval of time spent by a drug particle during a
      single passage and in all passages through it. Hence, the MRT is the product of
      MTT and the mean number of passages of a drug particle through the central (R +
      1) or tissue (R) compartments. Physiologically, each MTT parameter is related to
      its apparent volume divided by all its clearance processes, reversible and
      irreversible (if any exist). Each MRT parameter is related to its apparent volume
      divided by only the sum of irreversible exit clearances. Applications of the five
      MTT/MRT parameters were made to disposition data for digoxin and gentamicin to
      assess their use as indicators of tissue persistency. This report provides
      additional physiological and pharmacokinetic insights into the disposition
      properties of drugs and reconciles various treatments of the two-compartment
      model using rate constants, volume/clearance terms, and transit/residence times.

PMID- 3361429
TI  - Biodegradable microspheres. VII: Alterations in mouse liver morphology after
      intravenous administration of polyacryl starch microparticles with different
      biodegradability.
AB  - Semisynthetic polyacryl starch microparticles are being investigated as drug
      carriers. In the present paper the possible adverse effects, reflected as
      morphological alterations, of iv administration of polyacryl starch
      microparticles were studied in mice. The spleen, lungs, and kidneys displayed a
      normal morphology after microparticle administration, while dose-dependent
      reversible alterations of the liver morphology were observed. The alterations
      initially consisted of vacuolization of the hepatocytes along the sinusoids,
      followed by unicellular hepatocyte necrosis and formation of granulomas. Later,
      an increased number of mitotic cells reflected tissue generation and, after two
      weeks, the tissue morphology was essentially normalized, with the exception of an
      increased number of binucleated hepatocytes. After repeated administration of the
      particles in low doses, the same types of alterations were observed but the
      kinetics of tissue repair was slower. Possible mechanisms inducing these
      alterations are discussed and comparisons are made with the effects of synthetic
      polyacrylamide microparticles.

PMID- 3361432
TI  - Activated carbon as a biological model: comparison between activated carbon
      adsorption and oil-water partition coefficient for drug activity correlation.
AB  - Octanol-water partition coefficients have been used as a principal parameter for
      the analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). With
      ionized drugs, however, the correlation is not impressive. Although clinical
      local anesthetics exist mainly in the ionized form at physiological pH, the nerve
      blocking potency is correlated with the oil-water partition coefficients of the
      un-ionized species. In the present report, the adsorption of 18 local anesthetics
      onto activated carbon surfaces was compared with oil-water partition coefficients
      for correlation with the minimum nerve-blocking (MBC) potency. The log octanol
      water partition coefficients showed large differences between the charged and
      uncharged species (lidocaine: 0.49 and 1.82, procaine: -0.56 and 1.74,
      respectively), whereas the log carbon surface adsorbabilities showed much smaller
      differences (lidocaine: 3.00 and 3.04, and procaine 2.95 and 3.00, respectively).
      An excellent correlation was found between the log carbon surface adsorption and
      the log MBC values in both ionized and un-ionized drugs.

PMID- 3361433
TI  - Determination of the total and partial cohesion parameters of lipophilic liquids
      by gas-liquid chromatography and from molecular properties.
AB  - The total and partial cohesion parameters of seven lipophilic liquids (one
      alkane, two alcohols, one acid, and three esters) have been determined. The
      proposed procedure involves knowledge of the structure, and determination of
      dipole moment, refractive index, and dielectric constant of the substances. The
      total cohesion parameters are experimentally determined for four liquids by gas
      liquid chromatography, and also calculated for these and three additional liquids
      according to Fedors by summation of group increments. The dispersion cohesion
      parameter is calculated from the refractive index, and the polar cohesion
      parameter by Taft's polarity function, and Carr's relationship. The hydrogen
      bonding cohesion parameter is then obtained by difference. The results are self
      consistent and coherent. In particular, it may be seen that the difference
      between the various lipophilic liquids, from the point of view of intermolecular
      interactions, is essentially due to the variation in strength of hydrogen bonds
      and dipole-dipole interactions, whereas the interactions stemming from the
      dispersion forces are similar.

PMID- 3361434
TI  - Estimation of the rate constants in a data-sparse environment: comparison of a
      mathematical method and least squares analysis.
AB  - A new method is presented for estimating the rate constants for the one
      compartment open model with first-order absorption in a data-sparse environment.
      It is based on the principles of matrix algebra and system theory and requires
      only three to four plasma samples drawn at equal time intervals (a minimum of at
      least one sample in the absorption phase and one sample in the elimination
      phase). The utility of the technique is illustrated by comparing the parameter
      estimates from the matrix method with the estimates from a nonlinear computer
      parameter estimation program. In the preliminary evaluation of the method with
      both perfect data and data with randomly distributed error, the parameter
      estimates from the matrix method proved to be as good as the computer estimation
      for data-sparse systems. In a more realistic comparison with published patient
      data, the matrix method resulted in 0 to 456% better estimates of kel and ka than
      the computer estimation. Since the matrix method is mathematically simple and
      requires only three to four blood samples, it should prove very useful in data
      sparse systems (e.g., clinical or small animal situations) where a minimum amount
      of blood samples can be drawn.

PMID- 3361435
TI  - 1-Aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl) ureas: synthesis and in vitro assay as potential
      anticancer agents.
AB  - 1-Aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl) ureas and 1-aryl-3-nitroso-3-(2-chloroethyl) ureas,
      derived from 4-phenylbutyric acid and alkylanilines, were synthesized and their
      cytotoxicity was evaluated on human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Methyl 4-[p-[3
      (2-chloroethyl)ureido]-phenyl]butyrate, 4-methyl [3-(2
      chloroethyl)ureido]benzene, and 4-butyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene were
      found to be at least as cytotoxic as 4-[p-[bis-(2
      chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid (chlorambucil), while their N-nitroso
      derivatives were inactive.

PMID- 3361436
TI  - Skin permeation of chlorpheniramine maleate and detection of demethylated
      metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3361437
TI  - Neuronal intracellular calcium concentrations are altered by anesthetics:
      relationship to membrane fluidization.
AB  - The effects of anesthetic agents selected from various chemical classes
      (halothane, diethylether, pentobarbital and n-alkanols) on intracellular ionized
      Ca concentrations (Cai) were examined in mouse whole brain synaptosomes. Cai were
      determined using fura-2, a fluorescent Ca indicator. Halothane (3-6 mM),
      diethylether (100 mM) and n-alkanols (ethanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol)
      increased resting Cai by 20 to 70%. Pentobarbital did not alter resting Cai when
      examined over a wide range of concentrations (0.01-1 mM). The ability of the
      anesthetics to increase resting Cai was correlated with their membrane fluidizing
      actions. Depolarization of synaptosomes by the addition of 50 mM KCI increased
      Cai by about 25%. The values of Cai measured after depolarization were reduced by
      diethylether (10-50 mM) and pentobarbital (0.05-1 mm) but were increased or
      unaltered by halothane and n-alkanols, respectively. All anesthetic agents tested
      except halothane reduced the net depolarization-dependent increase in Cai. These
      results provide a mechanism for anesthetic-induced neuronal hyperpolarization and
      predict effects of these agents on neurotransmitter release.

PMID- 3361438
TI  - Negative inotropic effect of platelet-activating factor: association with a
      decrease in intracellular sodium activity.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an autacoid whose cardiovascular actions
      include a potent negative inotropic effect. The mechanism of this decrease in
      myocardial contractility is still at issue, as both a decrease and an increase in
      trans-sarcolemmal Ca++ influx have been reported. Because changes in
      intracellular sodium activity (aiNa) are known to influence myocardial
      contractility, we investigated whether PAF affects aiNa. Thus, we have measured
      contractile responses to PAF (1 nM-1 microM) in isolated guinea pig right
      ventricular papillary muscles paced at constant rate, and recorded transmembrane
      action potential and aiNa with conventional and sodium-selective microelectrodes,
      respectively. Our findings suggest that PAF does not affect slow inward Ca++
      current, because PAF neither affected nor prevented histamine-induced restoration
      of contractile responses in K+-depolarized papillary muscles. On the other hand,
      we found the negative inotropic effect of PAF to be associated with a shortening
      of the action potential duration and with a decrease in aiNa. The specific PAF
      antagonist compound CV-3988 inhibited all three electro-mechanical responses. Our
      findings imply that the decrease in contractile force caused by PAF may depend on
      the reduction in aiNa; as aiNa falls, intracellular Ca++ may be lost via the
      Na+/Ca++ exchange and contractility decreases. The shortening of the action
      potential duration by PAF may reflect a decrease in Na+ influx and the consequent
      reduction in aiNa.

PMID- 3361439
TI  - Mechanism by which ethanol diminishes the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen.
AB  - The effect of 5 mM ethanol, maintained by a constant infusion, on the
      hepatotoxicity and disposition of acetaminophen was examined in 3
      methylcholanthrene-induced rats. Ethanol infusion, which began 1 hr before
      acetaminophen and was maintained for 9 hr, resulted in a 2.8-fold higher hepatic
      glutathione concentration 6 hr after acetaminophen than did saline infusion.
      Ethanol infusion also diminished the rise in the 24 hr postacetaminophen plasma
      alanine transferase concentration by approximately 46%. Ethanol (5 mM) had only a
      modest effect on the oxidation of acetaminophen in rat liver microsomes, 7 to 14%
      inhibition over a range of acetaminophen concentration of 0.1 to 3 mM, whereas a
      30 to 40% decline of covalent binding of acetaminophen-derived material was
      observed in vivo (peak acetaminophen concentration approximately 3 mM). Thus, a
      mechanism other than direct inhibition of cytochrome(s) P-450 by ethanol is
      invoked to account for the protective effect of ethanol. Ethanol infusion
      increased the ratio of total hepatocellular NADH/NAD+, and the ratio of free
      NADH/NAD+ in cytosol and mitochondria as a consequence of sequential oxidations
      of ethanol producing acetaldehyde and acetic acid in the respective compartments.
      The toxic electrophile produced by cytochrome P-450 oxidation of acetaminophen, N
      acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, is reduced rapidly by NADH in aqueous solution.
      However, acetaminophen alone also increased free NADH/NAD+ in cytosol, and there
      was no indication that N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine consumed NADH generated by
      the oxidation of ethanol. Ethanol infusion also increased the ratio of total
      hepatocellular NADPH/NADP+, apparently through transhydrogenation of NADP+ by
      NADH in mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361440
TI  - Tolerance and cross-tolerance to the discriminative stimulus properties of
      fentanyl and morphine.
AB  - The investigation tested the hypothesis that tolerance would develop to the
      discriminative stimulus properties of fentanyl upon discontinuation of
      discrimination training and injection of fentanyl in doses larger than the
      training dose. Rats were trained to discriminate an injection of fentanyl, 0.04
      mg/kg, from saline using a two-lever choice procedure with food as a reinforcer.
      Given acutely, morphine substituted for fentanyl and was 100-times less potent.
      Subsequently, training was stopped, and fentanyl, 0.08 mg/kg, was injected every
      12 hr for 1 week. This procedure did not produce tolerance nor did tolerance
      occur when fentanyl, 0.16 mg/kg every 24 hr, was continued for an additional
      week. In contrast, a dose of morphine (8.0 mg/kg) that was equated for efficacy
      to the 0.08-mg/kg dose of fentanyl produced both tolerance to the morphine
      stimulus and cross-tolerance to the fentanyl stimulus after 3 to 4 days of
      administration. In an additional experiment, the time course for detection of
      fentanyl was found to be significantly shorter than the time course for the
      detection of morphine. These results suggest that the present, as well as a
      previous, report of failure to find tolerance to the stimulus properties of
      fentanyl is perhaps attributable to fentanyl's brief duration of action. To test
      this hypothesis, 16 rats were trained to discriminate fentanyl, 0.04 mg/kg, and
      dose-effect data were obtained for the generalization of fentanyl and the
      substitution of morphine for this discriminative stimulus. Subsequently, training
      was stopped and fentanyl was injected for 4 days in a design that called for
      injection of 0.12 mg/kg every 6 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361441
TI  - Differential effects of subcutaneous and intrathecal morphine administration on
      blood glucose in mice: comparison with intracerebroventricular administration.
AB  - The s.c. administration of morphine (2.5-80 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent
      hyperglycemia, whereas morphine (12.5-50 micrograms) given i.t. in the lumbar
      region caused a dose-dependent hypoglycemia in unanesthetized mice. Both effects
      on blood glucose were antagonized by s.c. naloxone, although inhibition of i.t.
      morphine required a higher naloxone dose. Naloxone pretreatment with 2 mg/kg, but
      not 1 mg/kg s.c., potentiated a hyperglycemic response to i.t. saline. High i.t.
      doses of morphine caused an early (within 2 min) scratching behavior that was not
      inhibited by naloxone or glucose loading and a later (greater than 20 min) tonic
      convulsive behavior (opisthotonus). Lethality was partially inhibited by glucose
      loading which delayed, but did not prevent, the hypoglycemic effect of i.t.
      morphine. The hypoglycemic effect of i.t. morphine was also delayed in
      streptozotocin-diabetic ICR mice and diabetic (db/db) C57BL/KsJ mice, but the
      latter were more sensitive to lethality, which occurred without hypoglycemia or
      seizures. All these effects of i.t. morphine were completely blocked by acute
      spinal transection of T10-T11, but the nociceptive, hypoglycemic and opisthotonic
      effects were not mimicked by i.c.v. morphine (6.25-50 micrograms) in ICR mice,
      which showed a bell-shaped hyperglycemic dose-response relationship and a brief
      explosive motor behavior at the higher doses (25-50 micrograms). It is concluded
      that the effects of morphine on blood glucose and on behavior are dependent upon
      the route of administration, and that the convulsive effect of i.t. morphine may
      be facilitated by the production of a profound hypoglycemia, which involves a
      spinal, rather than supraspinal or systemic, action of morphine.

PMID- 3361442
TI  - SK&F 105494 is a potent antidiuretic hormone antagonist in the rhesus monkey
      (Macaca mulatta).
AB  - The vasopressin analog desGly(CH2)5D-Tyr(Et)VAVP (SK&F 101926) is a potent
      antagonist of the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in rats, dogs, and squirrel
      monkeys, demonstrating minimal agonist activity in these species. In humans,
      however, SK&F 101926 was a potent full antidiuretic agonist. This agonist
      response was not predicted by in vitro studies with human tissue. The purpose of
      the present study was to determine if the agonist activity of SK&F 101926 could
      be modeled in an old-world primate, the rhesus monkey, and, if agonist activity
      was demonstrated, to determine how SK&F 101926 could be modified to reduce
      agonist activity and permit the elaboration of antagonist activity in that
      species. We observed that i.v. administration of SK&F 101926 to the hydrated
      rhesus monkey resulted in a full antidiuretic agonist response, as observed in
      humans, and did not reduce urine osmolality or increase urine flow when
      administered to hydropenic rhesus monkeys. Changing the terminal amino acids from
      Pro7, Arg8 to Arg7, D-Arg8 produced a compound (SK&F 104146) that was also an
      agonist, although less potent than SK&F 101926. Further substitution in SK&F
      104146 of the sulfide groups of cysteine residues with methyl groups in the
      peptide ring to produce a "dicarba bridge" resulted in a compound (SK&F 105494)
      that was associated with minimal agonist activity in hydrated monkeys.
      Administration of SK&F 105494 (30 micrograms/kg i.v.) reduced urine osmolality
      from 629 +/- 20 to 91 +/- 7 mosmol/kg H2O (P less than .01) and increased free
      water clearance to positive levels (from -0.16 +/- 0.03 to 0.73 +/- 0.18 ml/min;
      P less than .05) in anesthetized hydropenic monkeys.

PMID- 3361443
TI  - Phenytoin prophylaxis of cardiotoxicity in experimental amitriptyline poisoning.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are drugs with Type IA antiarrhythmic properties
      that cause severe cardiac conduction blocks, hypotension, and ventricular
      dysrhythmias at toxic levels. Phenytoin has been proposed as a prophylaxis and
      treatment of these dysrhythmias, since it is thought to improve conduction in
      this setting. Anesthetized dogs were given a loading dose of phenytoin, followed
      by constant amitriptyline infusion until death. Variables known to affect TCA
      toxicity, such as arterial pH, were carefully controlled. There were no
      significant differences between the phenytoin and control group in any
      physiologic parameter, including toxicity, drug levels, or dose to death.
      However, duration and frequency of episodes of ventricular tachycardia were
      dramatically increased in the phenytoin group. It is concluded that prophylactic
      phenytoin in this animal model provides no benefits and may in fact increase the
      severity of ventricular tachycardia and hypotension. In addition, it is
      speculated that similar adverse effects of phenytoin might be seen in other Type
      IA antiarrhythmics if the extremely toxic levels seen in this study with TCA were
      reached.

PMID- 3361444
TI  - Time course of changes in the norepinephrine content of tissues from
      spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats.
AB  - The change in norepinephrine (NE) content with age (from 2 days to 17 weeks old)
      was examined in a variety of tissues from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)
      and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. NE content was determined by either a
      catechol-O-methyltransferase-based radioenzymatic assay or high performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Regardless of the age of
      the animal, NE content per gram of tissue was significantly greater in mesenteric
      arteries and kidneys from SHR compared to WKY tissues, whereas NE content per
      whole kidney was similar between the two rat strains. The time course of enhanced
      NE content in caudal arteries and aortas from SHR followed the development of
      hypertension. In the spleen, NE content per gram of tissue was elevated in young
      SHR; however, in adult rats NE content was not significantly different between
      the two rat strains. Because spleens from WKY rats were substantially larger,
      total NE content per spleen was significantly greater in tissues from WKY rats.
      Cardiac contents of NE were similar in SHR and WKY rats at all ages examined.
      Adrenal epinephrine concentrations were similar in SHR and WKY rats, whereas NE
      content was elevated in the SHR at 46 and 81 days of age. The results of the
      present study demonstrate that the appearance of increased NE levels in some SHR
      tissues occurs before the development of hypertension in this model. If NE
      content is a valid index of sympathetic innervation, enhanced innervation may
      contribute to the vascular medial hypertrophy observed in young SHR and the
      elevation of blood pressure in these rats.

PMID- 3361445
TI  - Effects of acute and chronic administration of idazoxan on blood pressure and
      plasma catecholamine concentrations of rats.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists can modulate
      sympathetic nerve release of norepinephrine in vivo through blockade of
      peripheral prejunctional alpha-2 adrenoceptors, acute and chronic effects of the
      alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart
      rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations have been investigated in conscious
      and anesthetized rats. In normotensive rats, a single i.v. dose of idazoxan (300
      micrograms kg-1) caused an immediate 2-fold increase in plasma concentration of
      norepinephrine and epinephrine, a transient increase in heart rate but no
      significant change in MAP. Plasma norepinephrine concentration of conscious
      normotensive rats increased significantly during a 4-hr i.v. infusion of idazoxan
      (300 micrograms kg-1 hr-1) with no concomitant changes in MAP or heart rate. In
      anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, the increases in plasma
      norepinephrine concentration and heart rate caused by i.v. idazoxan (300
      micrograms kg-1) were accompanied by a significant decrease in MAP. The increase
      in plasma norepinephrine after idazoxan in spontaneously hypertensive rats was
      much greater than that produced by an equihypotensive dose of the vasodilator
      hydralazine. Normotensive rats treated continuously for 7 days with s.c. idazoxan
      (7.5 mg kg-1 day-1) had similar blood pressures and plasma catecholamine
      concentrations to vehicle-treated rats. These results suggest that idazoxan
      causes a greater increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration than that which
      can be attributed to baroreceptor stimulation. Blockade of prejunctional alpha-2
      adrenoceptors by idazoxan may, therefore, increase release of norepinephrine from
      peripheral sympathetic nerves of anesthetized and conscious rats. This effect is
      short-lived and does not influence blood pressure of normotensive rats.

PMID- 3361446
TI  - Pharmacological analysis of nicotinic relaxation of bovine retractor penis
      muscle.
AB  - Relaxations of the isolated bovine retractor penis muscle elicited by nicotine
      and the three other nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and
      dimethylphenylpiperazinium were studied. Nicotine (10-45 microM) induced dose
      dependent relaxations that closely resembled those evoked by transmural
      stimulation of inhibitory nerves. The relaxations induced by this dose level of
      nicotine were abruptly abolished by hypoxia and totally blocked by 1.2 microM
      mecamylamine, 45 microM lidocaine, and 13 microM methylene blue. They were
      reduced 50-90% by 0.16 microM tetrodotoxin, but they were unaffected by 17 microM
      scopolamine. Provided that sufficient concentrations of scopolamine and eserine
      were present, the relaxations caused by acetylcholine (30-140 microM) were
      exactly like those evoked by nicotine, and they were identically affected by
      hypoxia and the blocking drugs. Also carbachol and dimethylphenylpiperazinium
      induced relaxations qualitatively identical to those effected by the above
      mentioned doses of nicotine. Relaxations induced by larger doses of nicotine were
      less susceptible to hypoxia and the blocking drugs. The results suggest that
      nicotine concentrations ranging from about 10-45 microM relax the bovine
      retractor penis muscle by a rather selective activation of inhibitory nerves,
      whereas higher concentrations may additionally activate some other less specific
      inhibitory mechanism. They further strongly suggest the presence of nerve cell
      bodies in this muscle. It is suggested that one physiological role of
      acetylcholine in the development of penile erection is nicotinic activation of
      inhibitory nerves. Moreover, nicotinic activation of these nerves of the bovine
      retractor penis muscle can be used as a model for further characterization of
      mammalian erectile nerves.

PMID- 3361447
TI  - Nonlinear intestinal first-pass metabolism of salicylamide in dogs after
      portacaval transposition.
AB  - The dose-dependent first-pass metabolism and pharmacokinetics of salicylamide
      (SAM) were studied at four dose levels in dogs before and after portacaval
      transposition. Four minutes after each p.o. dose, a tracer dose of [14C]SAM was
      given i.v. to determine clearance and bioavailability. Over the dosage range
      studied pretransposition, 5 to 40 mg/kg, bioavailability increased from 0.24 +/-
      0.14 (mean +/- S.D.) to 0.76 +/- 0.20 (P less than .05). Clearance decreased from
      3.4 +/- 1.0 to 0.6 +/- 0.11 liter/min (P less than .01) and half-life increased
      from 5.0 +/- 1.2 to 23.5 +/- 6.1 min (P less than .01). Over the dosage range
      studied post-transposition, 1.5 to 20 mg/kg, bioavailability increased from 0.31
      +/- 0.09 to 0.99 +/- 0.08. Clearance and half-life had the same values and showed
      the same dose-dependence as in the normal dogs. The amount of SAM removed by the
      intestine during first-pass remained constant at about 1 mg/kg over the dose
      range given to the post-transposition animals. Therefore, although more easily
      saturable than the liver, the intestine plays an important role in first-pass
      metabolism of low p.o. doses of SAM. In contrast to previous results in the
      normal dog, the p.o. coadministration of sodium sulfate did not reduce the
      bioavailability of SAM in transposed dogs. This indicates that the nonlinear
      intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM is not due to the depletion of the
      cosubstrate precursor, inorganic sulfate.

PMID- 3361448
TI  - Site and mechanism of growth inhibition by prostaglandins. IV. Effect of
      cyclopentenone prostaglandins on cell cycle progression of G1-enriched HeLa S3
      cells.
AB  - HeLa S3 cells were enriched in the G1 phase of cell cycle by serum starvation and
      used for analysis of prostaglandin (PG) effect on cell cycle progression. Cell
      cycle progression was initiated by incubating the G1-enriched cells with fresh
      medium containing 10% fetal calf serum and analyzed in the presence of 40 nM
      colcemid to block renewal of the cycle. When progression of control cells was
      analyzed under these conditions, time-dependent decrease in the number of G1
      phase cells and increase in that of G2/M phase cells were observed during the 24
      hr incubation. Cells in S phase increased transiently during this period.
      Proportions of cells in G1 and G2/M phases were 65 and 15% of the total cells at
      0 hr and 10 and 80% at 24 hr, respectively. When the cells were treated with
      either PGA2 or 9-deoxy-delta 9,12-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin D2 (delta 12-PGJ2)
      for more than 3 hr, inhibition of G1 phase progression became evident 3 to 6 hr
      after the PG addition. Progression through S phase was slowed but not arrested
      with the PG treatment. When cells treated with PGA2 were washed and transferred
      to fresh medium, G1 phase progression was resumed and transition to S phase was
      observed about 6 hr after the wash. However, the arrest by delta 12-PGJ2 was
      irreversible and no recovery was observed with washing of the cells treated with
      this PG. The sensitivities of cells to PG in different phases of cell cycle were
      compared by treating G2/M phase cells with delta 12-PGJ2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361449
TI  - MCl-176, a novel calcium channel blocker, attenuates the ischemic myocardial
      acidosis induced by coronary artery occlusion in dogs.
AB  - The effect of MCl-176 [2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenylmethyl)-3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-6-
      isopropoxy-4(3H)-quinazolinone hydrochloride], a novel calcium channel blocker,
      on ischemic myocardial acidosis was studied in the dog heart, in which the left
      anterior descending coronary artery was partially occluded for 90 min (partial
      occlusion). Myocardial pH (measured by a micro glass pH electrode) was about 7.60
      in the nonischemic normal heart. The myocardial pH decreased rapidly in response
      to partial occlusion, and reached the steady state of about 6.85 within 30 min
      (i.e., the myocardial [H+] increased after partial occlusion). Saline or drug was
      injected i.v. 30 min after partial occlusion, and the drug effect was observed
      till the end of partial occlusion. Myocardial [H+], that had been increased by
      partial occlusion, restored slightly after the saline injection, and the
      restoration was about 30% 60 min after the injection. MCl-176 increased this
      spontaneous restoration of myocardial [H+] with a decrease in blood pressure and
      heart rate; the restoration induced by 0.1 mg/kg of MCl-176 was 74% 60 min after
      the injection. Even in the paced heart, MCl-176 (0.1 mg/kg) attenuated the
      ischemia-induced myocardial acidosis. Propranolol (1 mg/kg) also attenuated the
      myocardial acidosis, the restoration being 82%. These results indicate that MCl
      176 attenuates the myocardial acidosis during ischemia as does propranolol, and
      that the mechanism of action of MCl-176 is not due primarily to a decrease in
      heart rate.

PMID- 3361450
TI  - Tolerance to intrathecal oxymetazoline-induced analgesia, with paradigm-dependent
      cross-tolerance to intrathecal morphine.
AB  - Male, Sprague-Dawley rats, implanted with intrathecal (i.t.) catheters, were
      given repeated i.t. injections of morphine (40 nmol), oxymetazoline (100 nmol) or
      saline (10 microliter) at 12-h intervals for 3 days. Antinociception was
      determined 1 or 1.5 hr after each injection using the tail-flick and paw-pressure
      tests. Complete tolerance to i.t. morphine and oxymetazoline developed within 72
      and 24 hr, respectively. Antinociception after i.t. oxymetazoline (100 nmol) in
      morphine-tolerant rats, and after i.t. morphine (20 nmol) in oxymetazoline
      tolerant rats, was not significantly different from their respective effects in
      saline-pretreated rats. These data suggest an absence of cross-tolerance between
      morphine and oxymetazoline in the rat spinal cord. In a separate group of rats,
      the continuous i.t. infusion of morphine (26 nmol/hr) produced significant
      antinociception; tolerance to morphine developed within 36 hr. The
      antinociceptive effect of i.t. oxymetazoline (100 nmol) was significantly
      attenuated in rats pretreated with continuous i.t. morphine as compared to saline
      pretreated rats. In rats pretreated with continuous i.t. oxymetazoline, cross
      tolerance to morphine could not be determined due to severe adverse effects
      during oxymetazoline infusion. The results of this study suggest that functional
      cross-tolerance between morphine and alpha adrenoceptor agonists in the spinal
      cord cannot be excluded on the basis of repeated i.t. injection experiments
      alone.

PMID- 3361451
TI  - Reduction of Vmax by QX-314 and benzocaine in neonatal and adult canine cardiac
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - The authors have previously shown that the use-dependent action of lidocaine on
      the Vmax of canine Purkinje fibers and on intraventricular conduction in the in
      situ heart undergoes significant developmental changes. In this study, they use
      standard microelectrode techniques to test whether these age-related differences
      are due to the charged, more hydrophilic form or to the uncharged, more
      lipophilic form of a local anesthetic. QX-314, a permanently charged lidocaine
      derivative, depressed Vmax to a significantly greater extent in adult than in
      neonatal Purkinje fibers. This difference was due to its use-dependent blocking
      action and not to its tonic blocking action. The kinetic time constant (tau on)
      for the development of use dependence was shorter in adults (90 +/- 9 vs. 134 +/-
      15 beats; P less than .05), whereas the time constant for recovery from use
      dependence (tau off) was shorter in neonates (53 +/- 4 vs. 106 +/- 10 sec; P less
      than .05). QX-314 (3 X 10(-5) M) shifted the curve of Vmax vs. activation voltage
      in a hyperpolarizing direction by 16.2 +/- 2.4 mV in adults and 5.1 +/- 1.1 mV in
      neonates (P less than .05). In contrast, the uncharged tertiary amine benzocaine
      (1 X 10(-5)-5 X 10(-4) M) showed no developmental differences in its effects on
      Vmax. Adult and neonatal fibers showed comparable tonic block and no use
      dependent block. These results extend those of the authors' previous studies and
      suggest that developmental differences in the action of local anesthetics depend
      primarily on the use-dependent action of the charged molecular form.

PMID- 3361453
TI  - Release, metabolism and intraneuronal disposition of exogenous, endogenous and
      newly synthesized norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens.
AB  - In the isolated rat vas deferens the release and intraneuronal disposition of
      endogenous norepinephrine (NE) were compared with those of newly synthesized or
      exogenous radioactive NE by preloading tissues with trace amounts of tritiated
      dopamine ([3H]DA) or tritiated NE ([3H]NE) and measuring release of radioactive
      and endogenous NE and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG). Tissues were examined before
      and during electrical simulation, exposure to tyramine or exposure to
      depolarizing concentrations of K+. In [3H]DA-preloaded tissues the [3H]DA was
      converted readily to [3H]NE. Newly synthesized radioactive NE formed from
      exogenous [3H]DA was distributed differently from endogenous NE within at least
      two intraneuronal pools. One pool contained a high concentration (high specific
      activity) of newly synthesized [3H]NE and less than 3% of the total NE content of
      the tissues, and it released NE more readily than the larger low specific
      activity pool which contained over 95% of the total tissue NE content. Exogenous
      [3H]NE in [3H]NE-preloaded vasa deferentia was distributed among at least three
      different tissue pools, one consisting of extraneuronally bound NE containing
      [3H]NE of high specific activity, and two intraneuronal pools containing [3H]NE
      of intermediate and low specific activity in which NE was released from the
      intermediate specific activity pool more readily than from the low specific
      activity pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361452
TI  - 2-(alpha-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium iodide and its beta-isomer: new
      selective, stable and fluorescent inhibitors of choline acetyltransferase.
AB  - The activities of 2-(alpha-naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium (alpha-NETA) and its
      beta-isomer (beta-NETA) were studied at various sites of the cholinergic system
      using isolated enzyme and organ systems. They were selective inhibitors (I50:
      alpha-NETA, 9 microM; beta-NETA, 76 microM) of choline acetyltransferase (ChA).
      The inhibition of ChA by both alpha- and beta-NETA was noncompetitive with
      acetylcoenzyme A or choline as the variable substrate. In these experiments, the
      inhibitor and both substrates were added simultaneously to the reaction medium,
      and short reaction times of 10 min were used to determine initial linear
      velocities. Under these experimental conditions in the presence of substrates,
      the degree of inhibition of ChA by alpha-NETA was independent of enzyme
      concentration indicating the reversibility of the inhibition. If ChA was
      incubated with alpha-NETA for 10 min in the absence of substrates, the degree of
      inhibition was higher and was not reversible by dialysis of the inhibited ChA.
      These observations indicate that alpha-NETA is a pseudo-reversible or slowly
      reversible inhibitor. Neither alpha- nor beta-NETA exhibited significant effects
      at muscarinic receptors, ganglionic nicotinic receptors, skeletal muscular
      nicotinic receptors, cholinesterases or carnitine acetyltransferase at
      concentrations which inhibited ChA. At concentrations higher than their I50
      values to inhibit ChA, both antagonized the effects of acetylcholine (ED50: alpha
      NETA, 70-80 microM; beta-NETA, 100 microM), histamine and KCl-induced
      contractions in the guinea pig longitudinal ileal muscle. At high concentrations,
      alpha-NETA activated acetylcholinesterase (EC50, 360 microM) and inhibited
      cholinesterase (EC50, 1100 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361454
TI  - Phantom pain: a lesson in the necessity for careful clinical research on chronic
      pain problems.
AB  - Recent findings suggest that major misunderstandings concerning the prevalence,
      characteristics, etiology, and treatment effectiveness of phantom pain have led
      to the widespread mismanagement of amputees throughout the history of modern
      medicine. For years it has been believed that phantom pain is relatively rare, is
      of unknown etiology, and probably has a psychological basis. Research results
      over the last few years, however, suggest that phantom pain is widely prevalent
      among individuals with amputations and most likely has a physiological basis.
      Although many different treatments have been introduced recently, few, if any,
      have yet been documented as effective due to lack of rigorous follow-up studies.
      Future progress in clinical treatment and increased scientific understanding of
      phantom pain will require an examination of some of the factors that have led to
      past confusion regarding scientific research on and clinical treatment of phantom
      pain.

PMID- 3361455
TI  - Aesthesiometry: quantification of cutaneous pressure sensation in diabetic
      peripheral neuropathy.
AB  - The Semmes-Weinstein pressure aesthesiometer, which measures cutaneous pressure
      sensation, was used for quantifying sensory loss in diabetic peripheral
      neuropathy. Eighty subjects comprising four groups were tested: nondiabetic
      controls (Group C); non-neuropathic, diabetic controls (Group DC); diabetic
      subjects with neuropathy and without a history of pedal ulcerations (Group DN);
      and, diabetic subjects with a history of or active pedal ulceration (Group DU).
      Cutaneous pressure sensation of 10 dorsal and plantar sites on the foot were
      tested, using a method of interval comparison modeled after the two-alternative
      forced choice algorithm. The sensitivity threshold level was defined as the
      lightest probe in which the subject accurately chose the correct interval in at
      least 2 out of 3 trials. The mean sensitivity threshold level for Group DC was
      not significantly increased (p greater than .05) compared to Group C. In
      contrast, patients with neuropathy (Group DN or DU) showed a significantly higher
      mean sensitivity threshold (p less than .001) than either Group C or DC. In
      addition, this technique demonstrated that patients in Group DU had a mean
      sensitivity threshold that was statistically higher (p less than .001) than Group
      DN, although both groups of patients had symptomatic neuropathy. This study
      provides a direct demonstration that decreased sensation of pressure occurs in
      the feet of diabetic patients with a history of ulceration. The best
      discrimination between groups is obtained by requiring that three of the six
      plantar forefoot sites have a sensitivity threshold level of greater than 5.07
      log (0.1 mg) force as the risk discriminator level. Semmes-Weinstein
      aesthesiometry should now be tested in a prospective study to demonstrate its
      effectiveness in determining those patients at great risk of developing foot
      ulcers.

PMID- 3361456
TI  - Volume changes occurring in postoperative below-knee residual limbs.
AB  - Comparative maturation rates of 36 below-knee postoperative, healed amputation
      residual limbs were observed. Measured were the limb volumes and circumferences.
      Three methods of residual limb stabilization were employed: 1) elastic wrap; 2)
      plaster cast and pylon; and, 3) plastic laminate socket and pylon. The limbs
      receiving the plastic laminate showed the most rapid stabilization, while the
      elastic wrap did not stabilize. Considerable variance existed in relations
      between variables. Correlation between limb circumference and volume was poor.
      However, in general, the rates of change, i.e., the relations between volume and
      time, and circumference and time, were statistically significant (p less than
      .05).

PMID- 3361457
TI  - Clinical trial of foam cushions in the prevention of decubitis ulcers in elderly
      patients.
AB  - Polyurethane foam cushions in a slab form or a customized contoured form are
      commonly used in wheelchairs to prevent the development of decubitus ulcers (DU)
      in elderly chronically ill persons. Sixty-two consenting subjects, 60 years or
      older, were randomly assigned to sit on one of the two types of cushions for 3 or
      more hours daily for 5 months. A total of 72 DU developed in the 52 subjects who
      completed the study. These were mostly in the areas of ischial tuberosities,
      buttocks, and thighs; were of persistent erythema level in severity; and took an
      average of 6 to 8 weeks to heal. No statistically significant differences were
      found in the incidence, location, severity, or healing time of the sores that
      developed in the subjects who used the slab (N = 26) and those who used the
      contoured (N = 26) cushions. But, more severe sores did develop among the slab
      cushion group in the area of ischial tuberosities. It appears that foam
      customization for elderly persons could be justified only if DU have been a
      particular problem in this region. Incontinence as a contributory factor to DU
      formation should receive careful attention with respect to prevention. The trials
      described are being continued, using a larger number of subjects.

PMID- 3361458
TI  - Testing of gel-electrolyte batteries for wheelchairs.
AB  - A simple test rig was developed to measure the capacity of the lead-acid gel
      electrolyte batteries used to power wheelchairs. Results of 166 tests revealed a
      wide scatter of battery life with different users and also showed that, in many
      cases, the two batteries used in a wheelchair became unequal in charge capacity
      after some time in use. It is recommended that pairs of batteries should be
      charged in series to overcome this problem.

PMID- 3361459
TI  - Assessment techniques to evaluate tactual aids for hearing-impaired subjects.
AB  - In order to optimize the use of tactual aids for the deaf, it is important to
      have a battery of assessments to determine the potential contribution of the aids
      to acoustic perception and speech identification. We have designed such a battery
      to be used with young hearing-impaired children. The tasks were developed so that
      they could be implemented with standard audiometric equipment and applied to
      subjects of varying age and to different types of tactual aids. Illustrative
      results from four profoundly hearing-impaired children showed that tactual
      vocoders allowed detection of high frequencies that were not available to the
      subjects through aided audition. In most cases with these subjects, performance
      on simple detection and discrimination tasks showed facilitative effects with
      tactual vocoders. Facilitative effects were further evidenced in more complex
      phonemic identification tasks for all subjects. The tasks can be used to
      determine possible benefits of tactual aids for individual hearing-impaired
      children.

PMID- 3361460
TI  - Identification of the teleost Edinger-Westphal nucleus by retrograde horseradish
      peroxidase labeling and by electrophysiological criteria.
AB  - A homolog of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus of other vertebrates is described in
      two species of serranid basses of the genus Paralabrax, a group possessing a wide
      range of ocular accommodation but lacking a pupillary reflex to light. The
      nucleus was found by retrograde labeling from the ciliary ganglion and lies
      dorsolateral to the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus. The nucleus consists of 60 to
      100 neurons with an average soma diameter of about 20 microns in animals weighing
      70 to 150 g. Electrophysiological experiments support the identification.
      Microstimulation of the nucleus evokes contraction of the ipsilateral lens
      retractor muscle and slight constriction of the caudal ipsilateral iris. Multi-
      and single-unit recordings in the nucleus reveal spontaneous firing (about 30
      spikes/s in single units), the rate of which decreases during visually-evoked
      lens retractor relaxations (accommodation to near stimuli). Recordings of muscle
      fiber activity in the lens retractor show essentially the same behavior, which
      suggests that the ciliary ganglion and neuromuscular junctions simply relay
      impulses with little if any synaptic integration. The existence of a discrete
      Edinger-Westphal nucleus devoted largely to accommodation makes Paralabrax a good
      model system for the further tracing of central accommodation control pathways.

PMID- 3361461
TI  - Masking of circadian activity rhythms in hamsters by darkness.
AB  - Wheel-running activity was recorded in male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus
      auratus) kept in constant dim illumination. For periods of several weeks the
      lights in the cabinet were turned off daily at the same time of day, either for 1
      h or 2 h. Despite these periodically recurring dark pulses, the circadian
      activity rhythms continued to free-run, and consequently crossed through the
      pulses at a more or less regular speed. During a dark pulse, the activity was
      usually enhanced. The amount of these masking effects varied with the phase of
      the circadian cycle at which the pulse occurred. The responses were maximal a few
      hours after the onset of spontaneous activity, and minimal during the rest-time
      of the animal.

PMID- 3361462
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in menisco-ligamentous lesions. Comparison with
      arthroscopy. Apropos of 37 cases].
AB  - Results of magnetic resonance imaging of 37 cases of lesions of meniscus and
      ligaments of knee are reported and compared with arthroscopy findings. Use of MRI
      appears to be an excellent non-invasive diagnostic method, with current major
      indications in acute knee injuries and for evaluation of chronic laxity. It also
      allows guidance of surgical procedures. In the future, MRI should replace the
      more aggressive arthrography, this with a relatively short examination time,
      since sagittal section imaging in TI permits detection of the majority of
      lesions.

PMID- 3361463
TI  - [The intrathoracic rib. A study in x-ray computed tomography].
AB  - CT scan imaging of an intrathoracic rib demonstrated a cartilaginous component
      beyond the distal extremity of the bony structure.

PMID- 3361464
TI  - [Helicoidal coiling of the iliac artery. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of helicoidal coiling of iliac arteries are reported. This kind of
      coiling is relatively frequent in the carotid arteries but this is probably the
      first report of such a lesion in the aorto-iliac axis.

PMID- 3361465
TI  - [Hemangiopericytoma. Apropos of a case in the thoracic muscles. Contribution of
      imaging technics (excluding MRI). Review of the literature].
AB  - The authors describe a recurrent case of an hemangiopericytoma of the left
      serratus anterior muscle, touching a 21 year-old woman. The different ways of
      imaging are exposed and compared with data of literature. It seems that none of
      them offers any decisive possibility of nature diagnosis. Conversely,
      radiological examinations are of greatest interest in the initial lesional
      statement, in the follow up and in early discovery of a possible recurrence,
      principally in case of difficulties in the pathological examination. CT appears
      to have the first role among the different ways of medical imaging, initially and
      in the appreciation of clinical course.

PMID- 3361467
TI  - [Spontaneous esophageal perforation. Radiological diagnosis].
AB  - Esophageal perforations are rare and usually occur after instrumentation. We
      relate here a case unsuspected spontaneous esophageal perforation. Computed chest
      tomography firstly showed signs of mediastinal abscess. Secondary barium meal
      confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 3361466
TI  - [In vitro study of the action of DOTA and DTPA-gadolinium complexes on platelet
      functions: aggregation and calcium excretion].
AB  - Interaction of 2 complexes of Gadolinium (DOTA Gd meglumin and DTPA Gd meglumin)
      was studied in vitro with regard to platelet function: aggregation and excretion
      of ATP and of ionised calcium in response to collagen (2.5 Ig/ml). Excretory
      functions were measured simultaneously with aggregation by bioluminescent
      techniques using luciferin for the measurements of ATP and aequorin for
      measurements of ionised calcium. Platelet aggregation and excretion functions,
      investigated in vitro, were moderately inhibited in the presence of gadolinium
      complexes. The greatest effects were seen with DTPA Gd meglumin. Complexation of
      extra-cellular ionised calcium by NMR products in partially responsible for the
      inhibition of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 3361468
TI  - [X-ray computed tomographic aspects of benign mesotheliomas. Apropos of 4 cases].
AB  - Localized pleural mesothelioma or benign mesothelioma is a rare tumor and it has
      a good prognosis. The value of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of
      pleural disease is now well recognized. However, little information has been
      written regarding the value of CT in localized pleural mesothelioma. We describe
      four cases. CT findings include sharply delineated, smoothly contoured masses,
      often with homogeneous soft tissue density. Angles with the chest wall are obtuse
      or acute. In case of acute angles, a smoothly tapering margin may be encountered.

PMID- 3361469
TI  - [Late empyema after pneumonectomy. Demonstration in x-ray computed tomography].
AB  - The authors describe CT signs of a thoracic empyema, developed several years
      after a pneumonectomy. The disappearance of the concavity of post-pneumonectomy
      space in contact with mediastinum, associated to the absence of retraction of the
      hemithorax are the main signs of the diagnosis.

PMID- 3361470
TI  - [Hemangioma of the adrenal gland. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A case of adrenal hemangioma is reported, displayed by computed tomography and
      confirmed by pathologic investigation. This rare tumor poses a difficult
      diagnostic challenge and rejoins the problem of incidentally discovered adrenal
      masses.

PMID- 3361471
TI  - Successful replantation in ten-digit complete amputations.
AB  - The authors report a case of successful replantation of all fingers in a ten
      finger complete amputation. Among the factors responsible for the successful
      outcome were an adequate number of microsurgically-trained resident surgeons and
      staff, good organization and supervision by senior staff, emphasis on precision
      and perseverance in the operative procedures, and postoperative management.
      Follow-up is 15 months, and the patient now has a pair of functionally and
      cosmetically good hands.

PMID- 3361472
TI  - Revascularization of digits after prolonged warm ischemia.
AB  - Four cases of digit revascularization after prolonged warm ischemia are
      presented. Amputation injuries occurred in the summer, with the average
      temperature above 23 degrees C. The average warm ischemia time was 24 hr (range:
      20 to 30 hr) from injury to the time of establishment of arterial inflow.
      Complete survival was achieved in three cases and partial survival in one case.
      Previously, eight to ten hours were believed an acceptable limit for warm
      ischemia; however, this study indicates that successful revascularization is
      still possible, even after a much longer period of time.

PMID- 3361473
TI  - The effect of prolonged blood stasis on a microarterial repair.
AB  - There is much controversy in the literature about the effect of blood stasis on
      the patency rate following microvascular repair. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats
      underwent transection and repair of their femoral arteries. The rats were divided
      into three groups, which had their repaired arteries clamped for 1 1/2, 2, and 2
      1/2 hours. Patency was evaluated by the "stripping test," and the presence of a
      "flicker" both immediately and on the second day of the experiment. At the time
      of evaluation on the second day, all arteries in Group I were patent, in Group II
      two were thrombosed and in Group III, five out of 20 thrombosed. The only
      significant statistical difference was found between Groups I and III in both
      immediate (p less than 0.0025) and second day (p less than 0.05) evaluations.
      Results indicate that the "safe limit" for blood stasis in a repaired artery of
      0.8 mm diameter is 1 1/2 hours.

PMID- 3361474
TI  - Short saphenous vein grafts as an aid to microsurgical reconstruction of the
      lower extremity.
AB  - The authors present a method of free flap reconstruction using the short
      saphenous vein, when local vessels are not available in the lower extremity.
      Initially, a temporary arteriovenous fistula is created. This is subsequently
      divided to provide both arterial access and venous drainage for the flap. The use
      of the short saphenous vein has a number of advantages: 1) forty to 50 cm of
      length are available; 2) the vein is relatively thin-walled and has a nearly
      constant diameter throughout its length; 3) the vein may be left in situ at its
      upper end in some patients; 4) the vein drains into both the long saphenous and
      the popliteal veins. Thus, double drainage is provided. This may be of importance
      in patients with impaired outflow secondary to deep venous thrombosis or
      obstruction. 5) The separated vein graft components allow accurate ultrasonic
      monitoring of both arterial and venous circulation. Seven cases are presented of
      type IIIb and IIIc tibial fractures in which regional vessels were not
      accessible. Free flap reconstruction using in situ short saphenous vein grafts
      was successful in all seven patients. The anatomy of the short saphenous vein and
      surgical technique are considered.

PMID- 3361475
TI  - The interposition arteriovenous loop revisited.
AB  - In clinical situations when both arterial and venous interposition vein grafts
      are mandatory, we invariably harvest a single graft of adequate length to create
      an initial arteriovenous loop. This concept deserves reemphasis, as satisfactory
      recipient anastomoses can be achieved prior to bisecting the loop, with
      subsequent immediate donor tissue transfer. Concern for prolonged warm ischemia
      time is thereby minimized.

PMID- 3361476
TI  - The use of bilateral latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps to cover large soft
      tissue defects in the lower limbs of children.
AB  - Large soft tissue lower leg defects in children, especially those around joints,
      can cause severe secondary and progressive deformity and can interfere with
      growth of the affected limb. If function is to be restored and possible
      amputation prevented, repair procedures are necessary. Eight children with such
      defects, ranging from six to nine years of age, have been treated successfully,
      using bilateral latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. All the flaps survived, and
      both functional recovery and cosmetic improvement of the repaired limbs have been
      satisfactory. Cross-bridge flaps from the contralateral leg were used in four of
      the cases because no vessels were available for anastomosis at the recipient
      site. No significant functional impairments at the donor site have been noted.
      Operative techniques, indications for the procedure, and related problems are
      discussed.

PMID- 3361477
TI  - Automated photography in microsurgery.
AB  - An automated method is proposed for photographing a microsurgical field that
      avoids missed photographs and time-consuming manipulations. The basic principles
      applied to microscopic photography are briefly reviewed and instructions are
      provided for standardized, reproducible, high quality photographs. A limitation
      at present is that auto-focusing cameras have not yet been adapted for use with
      surgical microscopes. One type of microscope is discussed and details about the
      only camera system currently suitable for such a microscope are described.

PMID- 3361478
TI  - Cellular localization of ovarian histamine, its cyclic variations, and
      histaminergic effects on ovulation in the rat ovary perfused in vitro.
AB  - Mast cells, visualized with toluidine blue staining and the Falck-Hillarp
      fluorescence technique, were mainly located around large blood vessels in the
      hilus region of the ovary in adult rats and in immature rats treated with PMSG.
      Histamine concentration in the rat ovary was significantly reduced after the LH
      surge in PMSG-treated animals, corresponding to a reduced number of ovarian mast
      cells. No marked change in the number of mast cells and histamine concentration
      was found in adult rats during the oestrous cycle. Histamine as well as the H1
      agonist, 2-methylhistamine, and the H2-agonist, 4-methylhistamine, induced
      ovulations in the isolated perfused rat ovary. Ovulation rates were significantly
      lower than those evoked by LH. The histamine liberator, Compound 48/80, induced
      ovulations which were blocked by the combined effect of the H1- and H2-histamine
      receptor antagonists, cimetidine and pyrilamine. The anti-degranulating agent,
      disodium cromoglycate, did not block ovulations induced by Compound 48/80. The
      results show that the level of ovarian histamine, which is primarily stored in
      mast cells, can be influenced by PMSG treatment, and that the amine is able to
      induce ovulations in gonadotrophin-primed rats by an effect mediated by both H1
      and H2 receptors.

PMID- 3361479
TI  - Fetal role in the control of parturition in the tammar, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - When female tammars carrying dormant blastocysts were injected with progesterone
      at the time of removal of their pouch young the development of the fetus was
      advanced and parturition occurred 5 days earlier than in the control tammars. In
      these tammars the prolactin pulse was also advanced by 5 days but the usually
      concomitant fall in progesterone was not. In non-pregnant tammars similar
      injections of progesterone did not advance the subsequent fall in progesterone,
      oestrus, or the LH pulse. In non-pregnant tammars injected with ovine prolactin
      on Day 26, to mimic the prolactin pulse, plasma progesterone was reduced to basal
      levels within 12 h, significantly earlier than in controls. Conversely, in 5
      pregnant and 1 non-pregnant tammar injected with ovine prolactin on Day 23, to
      mimic the condition induced by advancing the time of parturition with
      progesterone, the decline in plasma progesterone was not advanced and the
      endogenous prolactin pulse, parturition, post-partum ovulation and the LH pulse
      all occurred after intervals similar to those of controls. The results support
      the view that the fetus is associated with the pre-partum prolactin pulse in
      maternal plasma and that a prolactin pulse at this stage is luteolytic in non
      pregnant tammars.

PMID- 3361480
TI  - Ovine follicular fluid inhibits thymidine incorporation by 3T3 fibroblasts in
      vitro.
AB  - The ability of antral follicular fluid obtained from sheep follicles to inhibit
      3T3 fibroblasts maintained for 48 h in concentrations of fetal calf serum optimal
      for cell growth was examined. Addition of pooled follicular fluid to cultures
      resulted in a dose-dependent and reversible inhibition of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation. Serum from ovariectomized ewes, fetal calf serum, bovine inhibin,
      oestradiol-17 beta, testosterone, cortisol or progesterone were without effect
      over a range of doses. Treatment of pooled follicular fluid with charcoal-dextran
      did not reduce inhibitory activity which was only partly removed by heating at 85
      degrees C. Fluid obtained from large follicles (greater than 5 mm) was more
      potent as an inhibitor than was fluid obtained from smaller (less than 5 mm)
      follicles. Gel chromatography of pooled fluid resolved two peaks of inhibitory
      activity associated with material of Mr approximately 180,000 and less than
      10,000 respectively. No inhibitory activity was evident in fractions of serum
      from ovariectomized ewes chromatographed in an identical manner. These results
      indicate that ovine follicular fluid contains two components able to inhibit
      reversibly mitosis of 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro.

PMID- 3361482
TI  - Human sperm-cervical mucus interaction and the ability of spermatozoa to fuse
      with zona-free hamster oocytes.
AB  - Samples of semen and cervical mucus were provided by 18 couples. Cervical mucus
      was obtained for each day possible and stored at 4 degrees C until all the
      samples were collected. Flat capillary tubes were loaded with the mucous samples
      and spermatozoa from the husband's semen sample were allowed to migrate through
      the cervical mucus (3 cm column) into culture medium. The spermatozoa recovered
      after migration through cervical mucus were assayed in vitro with zona-free
      hamster oocytes. Control experiments were carried out using spermatozoa from the
      same semen sample but prepared by the swimming-up technique. Altogether, 557 eggs
      in the control group and 1236 eggs in the experimental group were analysed, and
      the results demonstrated that the % of sperm penetration, the mean number of
      sperm decondensations per penetrated egg and the mean number of spermatozoa
      adhering per egg all had higher values (P less than 0.05) for the control samples
      than for the experimental samples. We suggest that cervical mucus modifies human
      spermatozoa, as measured by their interaction with zona-free hamster oocytes.

PMID- 3361481
TI  - Spermatogenesis, sperm output and seminal quality of Holstein bulls
      electroejaculated after administration of oxytocin.
AB  - The 12- to 24-month-old Holstein bulls were electroejaculated twice on each of 3
      days per week throughout the study. After a 2-week stabilization period and
      subsequent 2-week pre-treatment period, 7 bulls were given 50 i.u. oxytocin via
      the jugular vein 10 min before each first ejaculate for 10 weeks. The 7 control
      bulls were handled identically but did not receive oxytocin. All bulls were
      castrated at the end of the study. Oxytocin was without effect on spermatogenesis
      (P greater than 0.10). Oxytocin did not alter the total number of spermatozoa
      harvested per collection day (P greater than 0.10), but increased the number of
      spermatozoa in first ejaculates by an average of 34.2% (P less than 0.025).
      Oxytocin did not affect sperm quality (P greater than 0.10) as judged by the
      motility of spermatozoa in fresh semen or by the motility or percentage of
      spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in thawed semen. It is concluded that 50 i.u.
      oxytocin enhanced sperm output in first ejaculates of electroejaculated bulls
      without altering daily sperm production or seminal quality.

PMID- 3361483
TI  - Reproductive exocrine and endocrine profile of female langur monkeys, Presbytis
      entellus.
AB  - In 5 caged langurs menstrual cycle length (for 125 cycles) varied from 18 to 45
      days with a mean +/- s.d. of 26.3 +/- 3.6 days. Menstruation lasted for 2 days. A
      distinct cycle of vaginal smear cells was observed with a maximum cornification
      on Day 10 coinciding with the serum oestradiol peak. A monophasic pattern of
      vaginal temperature with a significant nadir on Day 11, 1 day after the
      oestradiol peak, was observed. Serum sialic acid concentrations directly
      reflected the oestrogenic activity and showed a significant peak on Day 10,
      coinciding with the oestradiol peak and was followed by a progesterone rise.
      Langurs menstruated throughout the year without showing any sign of summer
      amenorrhoea. We suggest that maximum cornification, vaginal temperature nadir and
      serum sialic acid peak could be used as markers for prediction and detection of
      the time of ovulation in langur monkeys.

PMID- 3361484
TI  - N-terminal sequence analysis of human placental protein 14, purified in high
      yield from decidual cytosol.
AB  - Human placental protein 14 (PP14) has been purified in high yield from first
      trimester decidual cytosol. High-performance liquid chromatography on anion
      exchange, gel filtration and reverse-phase chromatography were used. The protein
      obtained is approximately 97% pure with an overall recovery of about 50% from the
      original tissue extract. The first 24 amino acids of the N-terminal were found to
      be Met-Asp-Ile-Pro-Gln-Thr-Lys-Gln-Asp-Leu-Glu-Leu-Pro-Lys-Leu-Ala-Gly-Thr-Glu
      His - Glu-Met-Ala-Met. PP14 has been characterized in this study to be a dimeric
      glycoprotein of Mr 60,000, with homologous subunits having an Mr of 28,000.

PMID- 3361485
TI  - Effect of rapid warming of bull and rabbit semen.
AB  - Rapid warming of semen from 5 to 37 degrees C caused visible damage to the
      acrosomes of bull and rabbit spermatozoa. The degree and type of damage varied
      with the species, the bull being the more resistant. While vesiculation was
      observed in rabbit spermatozoa, neither warm nor cold shock resulted in this
      defect in the bull. Warm shock of bull spermatozoa caused acrosomal knobbing in
      an anterior region of the head. Spermatozoa with thread and/or droplet-like
      structures were frequently observed in bull semen after cold shock.

PMID- 3361486
TI  - Further studies on rapid dilution and warming of boar semen.
AB  - Studies have been carried out to investigate factors related to the induction of
      warm shock in boar spermatozoa. Rapid dilution per se caused visible damage to
      acrosomes when the sample contained 7.5% or more glycerol. This dilution effect
      was greater at lower temperatures. Acrosomal damage was greatly reduced by
      raising the dilution temperature from 15 to 25 degrees C, suggesting that a
      change in the physico-chemical characteristics of the acrosomal membrane occurred
      between these temperatures. During rapid dilution with warming, the dilution
      rate, the magnitude of the temperature change and the terminal temperature had a
      significant influence on acrosomal integrity; a terminal temperature of 35
      degrees C was much more detrimental than one of 25 degrees C. The first sign of
      acrosomal damage was observed 15 sec after rapid dilution + warming and the
      damage was nearly maximal by 60 sec. An antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene
      (BHT), was effective against both rapid cooling and warming, while glycerol,
      dimethylsulphoxide and propylene glycol were ineffective in preventing warm
      shock.

PMID- 3361487
TI  - Indirect regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by
      oestradiol in the rabbit corpus luteum.
AB  - Rabbits were given 50 i.u. hCG, i.v., to initiate ovulation and pseudopregnancy
      (Day 0) and were treated, s.c., with or without a 1-cm Silastic oestradiol
      implant. Serum progesterone concentrations were measured at 4-day intervals and 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was estimated by
      the conversion of HMG to mevalonate in microsomes from corpora lutea removed on
      Days 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 of pseudopregnancy (4 rabbits/day). Total HMG-CoA
      reductase activity was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in control rabbits
      on Days 8 and 12 (5.29 +/- 0.63 and 5.5 +/- 0.28 nmol/min/mg protein,
      respectively) compared to oestradiol-treated rabbits (2.57 +/- 0.25 and 4.03 +/-
      0.23 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). On Days 16 and 20, total HMG-CoA
      reductase activity was not different in control and oestradiol-treated animals.
      There was no difference in the levels of the active fraction of HMG-CoA
      reductase, which represented less than 20% of the total enzyme activity, in
      control and oestradiol-treated rabbits (less than 780 pmol/min/mg protein, Day
      12). These results indicate that oestradiol does not alter the active form, but
      can reduce the total activity of HMG-CoA reductase in the rabbit corpus luteum
      without a decline in serum progesterone. Therefore, neither total nor active
      forms of HMG-CoA reductase are directly related to progesterone secretion. This
      suggests that other sources of cholesterol may contribute to progesterone
      production in the rabbit.

PMID- 3361488
TI  - Comparison of bioassay and radioimmunoassay data for study of changes in the
      pattern of LH secretion from birth to puberty in the heifer.
AB  - To define gonadotrophin secretion rates in the prepubertal heifer, 12 Hereford x
      Friesian heifers were blood-sampled at 15-min intervals for periods of 24 h every
      4 weeks from 3 weeks of age until puberty. Radioimmunoassay of plasma LH
      concentrations showed that, although LH episode frequency increased with age,
      overall mean LH concentrations and basal LH concentrations decreased between 3
      and 15 weeks of age and then increased to 35 weeks of age. The validity of these
      trends in relation to biological activity of plasma LH was investigated using an
      in-vitro Leydig cell bioassay. Samples were selected from 24-h profile bleeds of
      4 heifers at 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 27 and 39 weeks of age. No significant differences
      were found in the patterns of change in overall mean LH concentrations, basal LH
      concentrations or LH episode amplitude when comparing the estimates obtained by
      radioimmunoassay with those by bioassay from birth over the prepubertal period.
      These results indicate that the changes with age observed by radioimmunoassay are
      representative of changes in biologically active hormone.

PMID- 3361489
TI  - Increase of uterine motility and simultaneous decrease of progesterone
      concentrations in the rat after bilateral ovariectomy at mid-pregnancy.
AB  - Comparison of uterine activities recorded during the control period to those
      obtained during the two recording periods after ovariectomy (0-30 min and 30-60
      min) showed an increase of the amplitude of uterine contractions (P less than
      0.005) and a decrease of the interval between two successive uterine contractions
      (P less than 0.005) and the delay of electrical activities (P less than 0.005).
      Progesterone treatment (50 mg/kg i.m.) of ovariectomized rats prevented the
      abrupt fall in plasma progesterone concentrations, measured by RIA, which in turn
      inhibited the increase of uterine mechanical and electrical activities. A close
      relation between the increase of myometrial activity and the decrease of
      progesterone concentrations after ovariectomy is suggested. The activation of the
      myometrium would be principally induced by the fall of progesterone or by the
      variation of the oestrogen/progesterone ratio; these changes in sexual steroid
      hormones would augment the uterine sensitivity to physiological stimuli or modify
      the activity of other factors involved in the regulation of the myometrium.

PMID- 3361490
TI  - Measurement of intrascrotal temperature in normal and subfertile men.
AB  - Intrascrotal temperatures were measured bilaterally by a non-invasive method in
      300 subfertile men (mean sperm count 21.4 x 10(6)/ml) and 30 normospermic control
      men (mean sperm count 118.7 x 10(6)/ml). The subfertile men had mean (s.d.)
      temperatures of 34.7 degrees C (0.8) for the right and 34.8 degrees C (0.7) for
      the left testis. The value for both testes of the control men was 33.4 degrees C
      (0.6). The difference (1.3-1.4 degrees C) was significant (P = 0.03). An
      intrascrotal temperature of greater than 34.1 degrees C was found in greater than
      83% of subfertile men, regardless of clinical diagnosis. This method can
      therefore be used to survey large numbers of men. We suggest that small intrinsic
      temperature increases may interfere with the ability of the testis to accommodate
      to environmental temperature stresses and so lead to abnormal semen and
      subfertility.

PMID- 3361491
TI  - Is embryonic mortality increased in normal female rats mated to subfertile males?
AB  - Normal female rats were mated to control males or males which were subjected to
      unilateral testicular heating (43 degrees C for 30 min), irradiation (500 R),
      efferent duct ligation, arterial ligation or castration; in all males, the
      contralateral ductus deferens was ligated. All treatments caused reduced
      fertility and eventually infertility, as judged by the percentage of females
      becoming pregnant; the infertility was temporary after heating and irradiation.
      During the periods of reduced fertility, the numbers of fetuses per pregnant
      female and the fetus/corpus luteum ratios were reduced. In subsequent
      experiments, after heating of the testis, there was not only failure of
      fertilization despite the presence of normal numbers of spermatozoa in the
      uterus, but also an increased rate of embryonic degeneration in normal females.
      These results provide evidence that the male, while still fertile, can affect the
      fecundity of the female and the rate of embryo mortality.

PMID- 3361492
TI  - Concentrations of vitamin A, beta-carotene and vitamin E in individual bovine
      follicles of different quality.
AB  - The degree of atresia of the follicle had no influence on the intrafollicular
      concentrations of beta-carotene, vitamin E and cholesterol. This might result
      from the passive transfer of these substances from blood to follicular fluid
      bound to high density lipoproteins. However, concentrations of vitamin A in
      follicular fluid were significantly (P less than 0.001) influenced by follicle
      quality, with highest concentrations (0.32 microgram/ml) in non-atretic follicles
      and lowest values (0.15 microgram/ml) in greatly atretic follicles. The higher
      concentrations of vitamin A in healthy follicles might be due to a local
      conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A in follicular structures. By
      influencing hormone and protein synthesis, vitamin A may have a potential for
      local modulation of follicular development and therefore be one of the factors
      controlling recruitment, selection and growth of the dominant follicle in cattle.

PMID- 3361493
TI  - A study of the genital organs of the female dromedary (Camelus dromedarius).
AB  - Camels (416 pregnant, 118 non-involuted post partum and 730 non-pregnant) were
      examined post mortem. Large follicles (greater than 10 mm), small follicles (5-10
      mm) and non-functional ovaries were observed in 144 (20.7%), 127 (18.3%) and 424
      (61.0%) respectively out of 695 normal non-pregnant organs. Season did not exert
      any significant influence on the frequency of these groups. Recently formed and
      regressing CL after sterile mating were occasionally seen. Corpora albicantia (3
      15 mm) were the most frequent structures observed in non-pregnant organs of
      parous camels as well as in pregnant tracts, together with the CL of pregnancy:
      17% of ovaries contained more than one luteal structure. Pregnancy was easily
      recognized as early as 40-45 days of gestation because of the marked swelling of
      the left uterine horn in which 99.52% of the pregnancies were located.

PMID- 3361494
TI  - Influence of SLA haplotype on ovulation rate and litter size in miniature pigs.
AB  - Systemic blood was collected from and surgery performed on sows of 3 strains of
      miniature swine bred for specific SLA (swine MHC) haplotypes (a, c and d) from
      Day 2 to Day 6 after mating (first day of mating = Day 0). Ovulation rate was
      determined by counting corpora lutea and embryos were flushed from the uterus.
      Progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone were quantitated in blood plasma
      and uterine flushings by RIA. SLAd/d females had a higher ovulation rate than
      SLAa/a or SLAc/c females (11.50 +/- 0.87 vs 9.11 +/- 0.68 and 8.17 +/- 0.83,
      respectively; P less than 0.01). Oestrone was higher than oestradiol-17 beta in
      systemic plasma (56.5 +/- 6.4 vs 33.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) while
      oestradiol-17 beta was higher than oestrone in uterine flushings (19.8 +/- 1.4 vs
      14.9 +/- 1.5 pg/horn, P less than 0.10). Systemic progesterone concentration was
      correlated with day after mating (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01). There was no
      effect of haplotype on any of the hormone concentrations measured. Litter size
      was analysed from 99 matings amongst SLAa/a, SLAa/c, SLAa/d, SLAd/c and SLAd/d
      sires and dams. Litter size from -/d and d/d sows or from d/d boars were larger
      (P less than 0.05) than for all other matings. Although ovulation rate was higher
      in SLAd/d sows, the significant effect of sire SLA genotype on litter size
      suggests an additional effect of the d haplotype on embryonic survival.

PMID- 3361495
TI  - Dimensions and allometry of testes, epididymides and spermatozoa in the domestic
      dog (Canis familiaris).
AB  - Dimensions of the testes, epididymides and spermatozoa were measured from a
      sample of 104, mainly cross-bred, domestic dogs ranging in body mass from 5 to 48
      kg. Allometric analyses in relation to body mass indicated isometric changes in
      testicular mass but epididymal mass and the mass of the cauda epididymidis and
      sperm numbers in the cauda showed significant positive allometry. Total sperm
      length, seminiferous tubule diameter and the relative proportion of tissues in
      the testis showed no significant correlation with body mass, but sperm principal
      piece length showed a low correlation with body mass. We suggest that the
      positive allometry of epididymal mass and sperm numbers is related to promiscuous
      mating and sperm competition in stray dogs.

PMID- 3361497
TI  - Uterine vascular permeability, blood flow and extracellular fluid space during
      implantation in rats.
AB  - Vascular permeability to plasma proteins in uterine implantation and non
      implantation sites (i.e. dye sites and non-dye sites) was assessed quantitatively
      by a method which accounts for steady-state volumes of distribution.
      Extracellular fluid volume and uterine blood flow were also determined. On both
      the evening of Day 5 and the morning of Day 6, vascular permeability to 125I
      labelled human serum albumin, extracellular fluid volume and blood flow were
      significantly increased in implantation sites compared to non-implantation sites.
      Vascular permeability in implantation sites was increased significantly between
      Days 5 and 6, whereas that in non-implantation sites was unchanged. This increase
      in vascular permeability between Days 5 and 6 was not accompanied by further
      increases in extracellular fluid volume and blood flow. This result shows a
      dissociation between vascular permeability and extracellular fluid volume
      immediately after the onset of implantation and raises important questions as to
      whether the rat uterus undergoes a truly oedematous response at implantation as
      has been generally accepted.

PMID- 3361496
TI  - Comparative role of retinol, retinoic acid and beta-carotene on progesterone
      secretion by pig corpus luteum in vitro.
AB  - Quadruplicate wells of pig luteal cells were incubated for 24 h in the presence
      of different concentrations of retinol, beta-carotene (0, 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-6)
      and 1 x 10(-7) M) or retinoic acid (0, 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-8) M).
      In addition, the responsiveness of luteal cells to LH challenge was also
      evaluated. Progesterone was assayed in the media. Cell viability was estimated
      using trypan blue exclusion and showed over 95% viability. In the presence of LH,
      progesterone content in the medium was increased by 7-fold. As compared to their
      respective controls, all concentrations of retinoic acid and beta-carotene
      increased progesterone content in the media. The highest level of stimulation was
      observed with 1 x 10(-6) M-retinoic acid (5-fold increase) and 1 x 10(-7) M-beta
      carotene (10-fold increase). Only 1 x 10(-5) M-retinol stimulated progesterone
      secretion (over 3-fold). Therefore, retinol, retinoic acid and beta-carotene
      stimulate progesterone secretion by pig luteal cells in vitro.

PMID- 3361498
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of protamine in the boar testis.
AB  - Protamine was specifically demonstrated in spermatids and spermatozoa of the boar
      by immunoelectron microscopy, using anti-boar or anti-ram protamine antisera, and
      three different direct or indirect labelling techniques. The two isomers of the
      protamine could not be labelled separately. The protamine is present in the
      cytoplasm of elongating spermatids and it enters the nuclei throughout the
      elongation process after possible storage in the cytoplasm or in the nuclear
      envelope of spermatids, or both. These findings differ from previous observations
      in other species.

PMID- 3361499
TI  - Purification and properties of alkaline phosphatase from boar seminal plasma.
AB  - An alkaline phosphatase was purified from boar seminal plasma using adsorption to
      calcium phosphate gel, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The
      preparation gave a single band on SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The enzyme
      was a non-specific alkaline phosphatase that hydrolysed pyrophosphate slowly and
      had no phosphodiesterase activity. The pH optimum was 10 and the Km was
      approximately 0.2 mM with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The enzyme was a
      zinc metalloenzyme as indicated by the loss of activity when treated with o
      phenanthroline and the restoration of activity by zinc and magnesium ions. It
      also lost activity when treated with thiols. Molecular weight estimates from SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration suggest that the enzyme is
      a tetramer of identical subunits, each of which has a molecular weight of 68,000.

PMID- 3361500
TI  - Immunohistological localization of human endometrial secretory protein,
      'pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha 2-globulin' (alpha 2-PEG), during the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - The distribution of alpha 2-PEG, a human analogue of beta-lactoglobulin, in
      endometrium at different phases of the cycle was determined using
      immunohistochemistry with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In the epithelial
      cells of glands in the functional zone of the endometrium, alpha 2-PEG was first
      detectable from Days 19 to 21 during the mid-luteal phase and maximal
      immunostaining was observed during the end of the late luteal phase. Intense
      staining in the glandular secretions and weaker staining in surface luminal
      epithelial cells during this period were observed. A minor population of basal
      glands contained alpha 2-PEG during the follicular phase. These results suggest
      that alpha 2-PEG synthesis by the glandular epithelium of the regenerated
      endometrium is hormonally regulated. Maximal staining occurring during the late
      luteal phase suggests that regulation may be related to the hormonal requirement
      for pre-decidualization rather than that required for histologically defined
      glandular epithelial secretion.

PMID- 3361501
TI  - Development of centrifuged cow zygotes cultured in rabbit oviducts.
AB  - Zygotes from superovulated cows were centrifuged and pronuclei were detected by
      differential interference-contrast microscopy in 73% of 106 zygotes. Zygotes were
      then transferred to ligated oviducts of follicular-phase, 1-day pseudopregnant or
      7-day pseudopregnant rabbits and recovered 5 days later. Their development did
      not differ from that of uncentrifuged zygotes transferred to the opposite
      oviduct: 41% of the embryos recovered from rabbit oviducts contained 17-32 nuclei
      and an additional 5% contained greater than 32 nuclei. In another experiment, 399
      ova from unmated cows were transferred to rabbit oviducts to determine whether
      centrifugation induced parthenogenetic development. After 7 days, 257 ova were
      recovered; 16% of the recovered ova had developed parthenogenetically and
      contained 2-30 nuclei. Neither centrifugation of the ova nor reproductive status
      of the rabbits influenced the proportion of parthenogenotes found.
      Parthenogenetic development was also observed in 14 of 71 ova (20%) recovered on
      Day 7 from uninseminated superovulated cows. In an attempt to increase the
      probability of detecting treatment differences, centrifuged and control cow
      zygotes were incubated for 7 (rather than 5) days in opposite oviducts of
      fourteen 1-day pseudopregnant rabbits. Development was unaffected by
      centrifugation: 61% of the zygotes recovered had developed beyond the 16-cell
      stage, with 23, 24 and 15% containing 17-32, 33-64, and greater than 64 nuclei,
      respectively. Taking into account the percentage of zygotes in which pronuclei
      can be seen, the recovery rate from rabbit oviducts, and the proportion of
      embryos that develop to the morula stage or beyond, 26% of the original group of
      zygotes would be candidates for transfer into recipient cows.

PMID- 3361502
TI  - Induction of abortion in mice with a monoclonal antibody specific for suppressor
      T-lymphocyte molecules.
AB  - A monoclonal antibody, mAb 14-30, which binds T-cell produced suppressor factors
      (TsF) was used to study the possibility that molecules produced by suppressor T
      cells play a role in maintaining pregnancy, presumably by protecting the fetus
      from the maternal immune system. Female mice were injected with mAb 14-30 at
      various times after mating. Overall, only 14% of the expected 68% of the mated
      and treated females were pregnant at term. In addition, Western blots were used
      to demonstrate the presence of TsF in fetuses, placentae, uteri and spleen of
      pregnant animals and its presence only in the spleen of non-pregnant animals.
      These experiments help to confirm results that indicate the importance of immune
      suppressor factors in maintaining pregnancy and extend these previous
      observations to include suppressor T-cell molecules.

PMID- 3361503
TI  - Co-ordination of electrical activity in the myometrium of pregnant ewes.
AB  - The co-ordination of spontaneous and evoked electromyographic (EMG) activity was
      examined in the uterus of ewes from Day 100 of pregnancy and during labour.
      During pregnancy the onset of bursts of EMG activity was synchronous to within 2
      3 min when recorded by electrodes at any recording site. Individual EMG spikes,
      whether occurring spontaneously or evoked by electrical stimulation of the
      myometrium, appeared to propagate between recording electrodes that were 1-3 cm
      apart, in the longitudinal or circular orientation of the uterus, but not when
      the electrodes were separated by more than 3 cm. Apparent conduction velocity in
      the longitudinal orientation was 7 cm sec-1 during pregnancy and increased to 13
      cm sec-1 during labour. No consistent pattern could be distinguished in the sites
      at which EMG activity was first observed at any stage of pregnancy studied. The
      nature of propagation of EMG activity remains unresolved but it is clear that it
      is not initiated at a single site in the myometrium.

PMID- 3361504
TI  - Functional aspects of peritoneal macrophages in endometriosis of women.
AB  - Peritoneal fluid was collected in the periovulatory phase of the cycle from 25
      women undergoing laparoscopy. Endometriosis was diagnosed in 13 patients (AFS
      score 1, N = 9; AFS score 2, N = 4) and 12 patients without endometriosis served
      as controls. In endometriosis patients the total peritoneal fluid cell number and
      cell concentration was significantly higher than in controls, indicating
      peritoneal irritation by endometrial implants. Peritoneal fluid macrophages in
      patients with endometriosis showed significantly increased erythrophagocytosis
      and lower chemiluminescence than in controls, suggesting an advanced
      differentiation of the macrophages in endometriosis patients. The macrophages in
      this stage of differentiation may interfere with gametes and embryos and thus
      contribute to endometriosis-associated subfertility.

PMID- 3361505
TI  - Induction of ovulation in chronically hypophysectomized Booroola ewes.
AB  - Booroola Merino ewes, with (F+; N = 17) and without (++; N = 13) a copy of the
      fecundity gene were hypophysectomized and 6 weeks later were given an i.m.
      injection of PMSG (high, medium or low dose) followed by hCG. The induced
      ovulation rates were observed laparoscopically. Ovulation rates were
      significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in Booroola F+ ewes than in ++ ewes (8.00
      +/- 1.66 s.e.m. vs 3.62 +/- 1.10 respectively). This suggests that the high
      fecundity of the Booroola ewe may be due primarily to ovarian rather than
      pituitary factors.

PMID- 3361506
TI  - Hormonal and behavioural detection of oestrus in blackbuck, Antilope cervicapra,
      and successful artificial insemination with fresh and frozen semen.
AB  - Hormonal detection of urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide proved an
      effective method of monitoring the progress of oestrous cycles in the blackbuck;
      observation of sexual behaviour in a vasectomized male was, however, a more
      practical procedure. Good correlation was observed between the occurrence of
      minimal pregnanediol concentrations in females and the maximal behavioural
      response by the male. On the basis of intervals between periods of behaviourally
      detected oestrus, a mean cycle length of 16.9 days (+/- 0.62, s.e.m.) was derived
      from 12 cycles (4 animals). Eleven females were inseminated in this study, 8 with
      freshly collected semen and 3 with frozen semen; 6 calves were obtained, 1 after
      the use of frozen semen. Pregnancy was monitored by measurements of pregnanediol
      3 alpha-glucuronide excretion and by ultrasound scanning. The mean interval
      between insemination and parturition was 183.3 days inclusive, ranging from 182
      to 186 days.

PMID- 3361507
TI  - Ovarian steroid metabolism during post-natal development in the normal mouse and
      in the adult hypogonadal (hpg) mouse.
AB  - Ovarian steroid metabolism was investigated (i) during development in a normal
      inbred strain in which post-natal follicle growth has been described and (ii) in
      adult hypogonadal (hpg) mice which lack GnRH and have very low serum
      concentrations of gonadotrophins. Tissue was incubated with [3H]pregnenolone or
      [3H]androstenedione and metabolites separated by t.l.c. or h.p.l.c. Progesterone
      was the major metabolite formed at all ages while androstenedione was the major
      androgen. Between 7 and 21 days there was an overall increase in steroidogenic
      enzyme activity with a peak of 5 alpha-reductase between 21 and 29 days. The
      major metabolite of progesterone around puberty was 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha-ol
      20-one. A sharp increase in 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was observed
      after 38 days due, presumably, to the appearance of corpora lutea. Unlike the
      rat, androstanediol levels were low at all ages. Oestradiol was the major
      oestrogen formed from androstenedione with a peak of production at 38 days. In
      the adult hpg mouse metabolism was similar to that of the 7-day normal mouse
      although 17-ketosteroid reductase and aromatase levels were very low compared to
      normal animals of any age, indicating that gonadotrophin stimulation is involved
      in the expression of activity by these enzymes.

PMID- 3361508
TI  - Synthetic microspheres transferred to the rat oviduct on day 1 of pregnancy mimic
      the transport of native ova.
AB  - Microspheres of various materials and diameters were transferred microsurgically
      to the rat oviduct on Day 1 of pregnancy and autopsies were done at various times
      thereafter up to Day 10 to assess the recovery and segmental distribution of
      microspheres and eggs in the genital tract or the viability of embryos. The
      number and distribution of eggs in the treated and control sides after unilateral
      transfers were not different on Day 4 and 5 and the number of embryos implanted
      on Day 10 was not significantly affected after bilateral transfers. The segmental
      distribution of eggs and starch microspheres within the oviduct on Days 2, 3 or 4
      showed that both are transported partly intermingled from ampulla to uterus. When
      microspheres of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), starch, dextran or dextran blue
      were transferred, their distribution in the genital tract in the morning of Day 5
      showed that poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and dextran microspheres stayed longer
      in the oviduct while starch and dextran blue microspheres were transported to the
      uterus at the same time as the eggs. Transfer of starch microspheres of 40-60
      microns to one oviduct and 180-200 microns in diameter to the opposite oviduct
      showed that distribution on one side was nearly identical to that of the other
      side from Days 2 to 5. We conclude that the behaviour of synthetic surrogate ova
      in rats differs from that in rabbits. The rat oviduct does not change the rate of
      transport of native eggs following transfer of synthetic surrogate ova.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361509
TI  - Does the first LH surge of the breeding season initiate the first full-length
      cycle in the ewe?
AB  - To determine whether the first LH surge of the breeding season initiates a
      transient rise in progesterone in most ewes, serum progesterone (daily) and LH
      (every 4 h) concentrations were measured in samples collected from 7 ewes between
      19 July and first oestrus or 8 September, whichever came first. In 6 of the 7
      ewes, the first LH surge of the breeding season was followed within 5 days by a
      transient, 2-day rise in progesterone. Within less than 5 (N = 4), or 9 (N = 1)
      or 10 (N = 1) days later, a second LH surge occurred, which was similar in
      maximum amplitude and duration to the first surge, and which initiated the first
      full-length luteal phase of the breeding season. In the remaining ewe, the first
      LH surge of the breeding season induced an abbreviated (9 days) and insufficient
      (maximum progesterone, 0.94 ng/ml) luteal phase. These results demonstrate that
      most ewes have more than one LH surge before the first full-length luteal phase,
      the first surge inducing a transient rise in progesterone. Therefore, although
      the seasonal decrease in response to oestradiol negative feedback is sufficient
      for initiation of the first LH surge of the breeding season, additional endocrine
      mechanisms may be necessary to induce the first full-length luteal phase.

PMID- 3361510
TI  - Control of protein synthesis during early cleavage of sheep embryos.
AB  - Sheep embryos, radiolabelled with [35S]methionine, were studied during the first
      four cell cycles after fertilization to determine the stage at which the
      regulation of protein synthesis switches from the direction by maternal mRNA to
      mRNA transcribed by the embryonic genome. Total protein synthesis was
      consistently high during the first 2 cleavage divisions, dropped by 95% in the
      3rd cell cycle, remained low in the 4th and increased again in the 5th cycle. A
      consistent pattern of proteins was synthesized during the first 3 cell cycles
      after fertilization followed by major changes in subsequent cycles. The
      inhibition of transcription by alpha-amanitin, an inhibitor of polymerase II, did
      not affect cleavage or protein synthesis during the first 3 cell cycles but
      blocked cleavage and protein synthesis thereafter. The results indicate that the
      full activation of transcription in sheep embryos occurs in the 4th cell cycle.

PMID- 3361511
TI  - Multiple forms of ram and bull sperm hyaluronidase revealed by using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Two monoclonal anti-sperm hyaluronidase-producing cell lines were isolated
      following inoculation of mice with ram sperm hyaluronidase monomer. Both lines
      produced antibodies of the IgG1 class; these bound to ram hyaluronidase after
      'Western blotting' but did not recognize the native enzyme. Whereas the 1A4
      antibody was specific for ram hyaluronidase, and did not react with 'blotted'
      bull, boar or rabbit hyaluronidase, the 1D6 antibody recognized bull as well as
      ram hyaluronidase. The antibodies could be used for immunocytochemical
      localization of hyaluronidase in fixed spermatozoa. However, although some form
      of denaturation was required to unmask or form the epitopes with which the
      antibodies reacted, the degree and type of fixation required was critical, for
      the epitopes were readily destroyed; in particular, they were very sensitive to
      chemical modification such as glutaraldehyde treatment. It could be demonstrated
      that, like ram, bull spermatozoa contained an extended oligomeric family of
      hyaluronidase forms, apparently the result of intermolecular disulphide cross
      linking of monomers. In spermatozoa of both species, the enzyme was confined to
      the anterior acrosomal region of the head.

PMID- 3361512
TI  - Major genes control hormone-induced ovulation rate in mice.
AB  - The present study examined the magnitude of genetic variation, mode of
      inheritance and number of loci controlling major genetic differences in hormone
      induced ovulation rate in mice. Mice were injected with 5 i.u. PMSG at 28 days of
      age and 5 i.u. hCG at 30 days, and hormone-induced ovulation rate was determined
      from counts of oviducal eggs in cumulus the next morning. Six-fold genetic
      differences in induced ovulation rate were detected amongst strains, ranging from
      a low mean (+/- s.e.) value of 8.8 (+/- 0.9) in A/J up to 53.5 (+/- 2.2) in
      C57BL/6J. The number of ova differed significantly amongst strains and amongst F1
      crosses (P less than 0.0001): 70% of the variation in hormone-induced ovulation
      rate was amongst strains. Of 9 F1 crosses examined, 4 showed positive heterosis,
      3 showed no heterosis and 2 showed negative heterosis for hormone-induced
      ovulation rate. Analysis of parental, F1 and F2 generations revealed that the
      induced ovulation rate of A/J and C57BL/6J mice differed due to the action of
      about 3 or 4 loci, and A.SW/SnJ and SJL/J mice differed due to the action of
      about 2 to 3 loci. Analysis of recombinant inbred strains formed from A/J and
      C57BL/6J confirmed that these strains differed due to the action of a small
      number of loci. This study demonstrates the existence of a small number of major
      genes controlling hormone-induced ovulation rate in young mice.

PMID- 3361513
TI  - Characterization of genetic differences in hormone-induced ovulation rate in
      mice.
AB  - Major genetic differences in hormone-induced ovulation rate were not explained by
      strain differences in age at puberty, by maturation and ovulation of follicles by
      endogenous gonadotrophins, or by differential responses to gonadotrophins at
      different ages. The major genetic differences in hormone-induced ovulation rate
      were explained by strain differences in ovarian responsiveness to exogenous
      gonadotrophins.

PMID- 3361515
TI  - Postterm gestation. A symposium.

PMID- 3361514
TI  - The milieux of the egg and the early embryo. Proceedings of a symposium of the
      Society for the Study of Fertility. York, July 1987.

PMID- 3361516
TI  - Fetal surveillance vs. labor induction at 42 weeks in postterm gestation.
AB  - Perinatal mortality and morbidity are increased in prolonged pregnancy. The
      application of antepartum fetal testing and intrapartum fetal heart rate
      monitoring in prolonged pregnancy has decreased the perinatal mortality and
      morbidity, but the perinatal morbidity remains higher in patients delivering
      after term than in those delivering at term. Recent evidence suggests that
      delivery at an earlier gestational age using modern labor-induction techniques
      may prevent the increase in perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with
      prolonged pregnancy without increasing the incidence of prolonged labor and
      cesarean delivery.

PMID- 3361517
TI  - Neonatal complications of postterm gestation.
AB  - Postterm gestation infants represent about 10% of the newborn population and, as
      compared to term gestation infants, have an increased incidence of perinatal and
      neonatal problems. Most postterm infants are normal appearing, although changes
      in the skin and a loss of subcutaneous fat occur in some. A smaller number
      experience the onset of fetal wasting late in gestation and appear dysmature
      (postmature) at birth. The incidence of infants with dysmaturity increases as
      postterm gestation continues; however, the prevalence of dysmaturity is greater
      in term infants. The most significant neonatal problems in the postterm gestation
      infant are the result of fetal distress and perinatal asphyxia. Those infants
      affected most severely may have hypoxic encephalopathy, seizures and meconium
      aspiration syndrome. Other problems are birth trauma (due to the large size of
      some postterm infants) and polycythemia. Anencephaly is associated with postterm
      gestation. The later intellectual development of postterm gestation infants
      appears normal except for those with perinatal asphyxia or severe neonatal
      problems. The long-term somatic growth is normal, even in dysmature-appearing
      infants. Postterm infants are at increased risk for perinatal asphyxia; however,
      with careful obstetric management, most neonatal problems can be prevented.

PMID- 3361518
TI  - Influence of prolonged pregnancy on infant development.
AB  - Although prolonged pregnancy has been associated with a twofold to sevenfold
      increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality, few investigators have addressed
      the question of long-term outcome for postterm infants. The existing information,
      spanning several decades, is confounded by several factors, such as different
      treatment eras, different population demographics, limited predictive value of
      testing preschool children, absence of term controls, retrospective nature of
      many surveys and unreliable criteria used to define prolonged pregnancy. At the
      University of Toronto a prospective, controlled study to determine the extent and
      frequency (if any) of developmental disturbances associated with prolonged
      pregnancy in both eutrophic and dysmature neonates is nearing completion. The
      results obtained could be important when one is faced with a decision on how to
      manage a postterm pregnancy.

PMID- 3361519
TI  - Abnormal Papanicolaou smears after earlier smears with atypical squamous cells.
AB  - From November 1984 to January 1986, 138 women were seen in our cervical clinic
      with atypical squamous cells in a referring cervical Papanicolaou smear. We
      obtained a second smear and performed a careful pelvic examination, microscopic
      examination of the vaginal secretions and endocervical culture for the
      gonococcus. The time interval between the smear showing atypical squamous cells
      and the one performed in our clinic ranged from 1 to 12 months. The Papanicolaou
      smear from 59 (50%) of the 117 women who had it repeated within four months
      returned abnormal as compared to 5 (24%) of the 21 repeated after four months (P
      = .04). Of 41 women with persistent atypical squamous cells, 10 (24%) had a
      clinically detectable vaginal infection, while only 3 (4%) of the 74 women with a
      normal repeat smear had an infection (P less than .01). These findings suggest an
      association between cervical cytology showing atypical squamous cells and vaginal
      infections. Nevertheless, this cytologic diagnosis should not be dismissed
      lightly since a high percentage of women with atypical squamous cells on cytology
      are found to have dysplasia on colposcopically directed biopsies. The most
      appropriate method of evaluating these patients has yet to be determined. If the
      clinician elects to follow these patients with serial Papanicolaou smears, the
      ideal interval between smears needs to be defined. Our data suggest that an
      interval of four to six months would be the most efficient.

PMID- 3361520
TI  - Association between fetal movements and uterine contractions in the active phase
      of labor.
AB  - Fetal body movements were studied for 40 minutes during the active phase of labor
      in 15 parturients. The total duration of fetal movements constituted 8.2% of the
      recording period, with a frequency of 3.8 +/- 2.1 per ten minutes. Of all the
      movements, 57.3% were associated with uterine contractions, while 40.7% of all
      uterine contractions were associated with fetal movements. All the fetuses moved
      in the first 30 minutes of the study period. The fetal movements that were
      associated with uterine contractions were longer than those not associated with
      contractions. Similarly, uterine contractions associated with fetal movements
      were longer than other uterine contractions.

PMID- 3361521
TI  - A new and simple method of measuring menstrual blood loss.
AB  - Although it is difficult for women to make reliable judgments about their
      menstrual blood loss, the direct measurement of such blood loss is useful in
      diagnosis and in evaluation of therapy. We developed a new and simple procedure
      for measuring blood on sanitary materials. The procedure is a modification of
      previous alkaline hematin methods but overcomes some of their major drawbacks.
      The method involves the separate extraction of blood using a detergent solution
      and color development of sample aliquots with sodium carbonate. The standard
      curves obtained for four products tested--regular maxi pads, thin maxi pads and
      two brands of tampons--were significantly linear over the range of 1-10 mL of
      blood. The extraction efficiency varied with the four products; tampons exhibited
      the highest extraction efficiency and thin maxi pads the lowest. Blood loss in
      normally menstruating women was estimated to be 41.8 +/- 3.9 mL, which correlates
      well with other estimates reported. Furthermore, the procedure can be used to
      measure both very low and very concentrated levels of blood on pads or tampons
      and thus can be used to assess both functional and dysfunctional uterine
      bleeding.

PMID- 3361522
TI  - Colposcopic management of abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy.
AB  - Two hundred sixty-five pregnant women with abnormal Papanicolaou smears underwent
      colposcopy; 248 of them underwent directed cervical biopsies. Correlation of
      cytology with histology indicated concordancy within one grade in 202 of 241
      patients (84%). Cytology was significantly more advanced than directed cervical
      biopsy in 15% and significantly less advanced in 1%. None of the 163 patients
      with moderate dysplastic cytology or less had microinvasive or invasive disease.
      Cervical conization was performed on 23 women, 4 of whom underwent modified
      radical hysterectomy for microinvasive carcinoma. Sixteen of 18 patients
      undergoing conization in pregnancy were available for postpartum follow-up and
      had persistent cervical dysplasia. Of 242 women followed conservatively, without
      pregnancy conization, 88 underwent postpartum evaluation. There were no false
      negatives in the antepartum evaluation of malignancy.

PMID- 3361523
TI  - Sigmoidovaginal fistula secondary to diverticular disease. A report of three
      cases.
AB  - Colovaginal fistula from any cause is rare. Diverticular disease is the most
      common cause. We treated three women for sigmoidovaginal fistulae secondary to
      diverticular disease. These 3 cases bring the total number reported to 49.
      Diagnosis of these fistulae may be difficult, and controversy exists over which
      form of surgical management should be employed. Since more women are living to an
      age at which diverticular disease is common, colovaginal fistulae probably will
      be encountered by the gynecologist with increasing frequency. Colovaginal fistula
      secondary to diverticular disease should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis when an elderly women complains of flatus vaginalis.

PMID- 3361524
TI  - Trichoepithelioma of the vulva. A report of two cases.
AB  - Trichoepithelioma usually presents clinically as single or multiple nodules on
      the face, scalp, neck and trunk, and no cases of it on the vulva have been
      described before. Vulvar trichoepithelioma has complex histologic patterns and
      originates in appendages that simulate malignancy.

PMID- 3361525
TI  - Huge hemangioma of the adrenal gland associated with pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A woman was treated for a huge hemangioma of the adrenal gland associated with
      pregnancy. This is the first such reported case.

PMID- 3361526
TI  - Vasa previa. A case report.
AB  - Vasa previa is a rare cause of antepartum hemorrhage, with a fetal mortality
      between 33% and 100%. We treated a patient in whom the diagnosis could not be
      made with certainty antepartum. The pregnancy out-come of seven cases of
      velamentous insertion, including three of vasa previa, was reviewed. Our results
      compared with those reported in the literature. Fetal mortality and morbidity
      from vasa previa can be reduced if there is a high index of suspicion, a reliable
      method of diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention.

PMID- 3361527
TI  - Uterine adenomyoma associated with infertility. A report of three cases.
AB  - Adenomyosis and its localized, tumorlike variant, the adenomyoma, usually afflict
      multiparous, perimenopausal women and are not considered to cause infertility.
      Three cases of adenomyoma occurred in young, infertile women. The adenomyoma was
      not deemed solely responsible for the infertility, although in two cases it could
      have been contributory. The preoperative diagnosis was leiomyoma, and adenomyoma
      was not even considered; it was recognized during "myomectomy" in one case.
      Adenomyoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a localized
      uterine tumor in an infertile woman. This preoperative recognition allows the
      gynecologist to discuss the lesion with the patient, pointing out that the
      operation may be technically difficult and may result in incomplete removal or
      hysterectomy and that excision of the tumor may not cure her infertility. It also
      prepares the gynecologist for the technical problems that may arise
      intraoperatively. Additional cases of adenomyoma in infertile women need to be
      reported on before light is shed on its causal relationship to infertility as
      well as on its diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3361528
TI  - Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3361529
TI  - Pulse steroid therapy and the search for improved drug therapy of rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 3361530
TI  - Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis.

PMID- 3361531
TI  - Effects of synovial fluid and synovial fluid cells on chondrocyte metabolism in
      short term tissue culture.
AB  - Freshly isolated synovial fluid (SF) and plasma samples from 20 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 9 patients with joint effusions of other diagnoses
      (non-RA) were immediately (without fractionation or dilution) used as a culture
      medium for murine articular cartilage. Both intact SF, and cell depleted SF were
      tested for the effect on proteoglycan synthesis (35S-incorporation) compared to
      the patients' plasma or standard tissue culture medium. In addition, the effect
      on proteoglycan degradation was measured using 35S-prelabeled cartilage. Intact
      SF and cell depleted SF were found to suppress chondrocyte metabolism both in the
      RA and non-RA group. In the group with RA a strong correlation was found between
      the number of cells in SF and the degree of suppression. In the same group,
      intact SF caused a markedly higher suppression of chondrocyte biosynthesis than
      in the non-RA group (p less than 0.02). In general, the suppressive effect of SF
      appeared to be at least partially related to inflammatory activity (number of
      cells in SF) rather than a specific feature of RA. During the short term
      exposure, no measurable breakdown of matrix proteoglycan was found, both in
      complete SF and cell depleted SF. Mechanistic studies suggest that neither
      hydrogen peroxide generated by polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes nor
      variations in SF viscosity were responsible for the observed effects.

PMID- 3361532
TI  - Atlantoaxial facet joint arthritis in the rheumatoid cervical spine. A panoramic
      zonography study.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with severe, longterm (22 years, range 8-36) rheumatoid
      arthritis were evaluated for rheumatoid changes in the atlantoaxial facet joints
      using a panoramic zonography program. Ten patients had vertical subluxation of
      the odontoid process. In 9 of 10 cases this mode of subluxation was associated
      with grade 3-4 arthritis in the facet joints. Our findings indicate atlantoaxial
      facet joint arthritis with bilateral collapse of the lateral facet joint masses
      as a cause of vertical subluxation. Furthermore, we suggest that panoramic
      zonography investigation is a valuable contribution to the pattern of
      radiographic examination of the atlantoaxial facet joint arthritis, especially
      for evaluation of its clinical counterparts: nonreducible lateral head tilt and
      vertical atlantoaxial subluxation.

PMID- 3361533
TI  - Comparison of methylprednisolone (1 g i.v.) with prednisolone (1 g orally) in
      rheumatoid arthritis: a pharmacokinetic and clinical study.
AB  - Methylprednisolone pulse therapy is often used in patients with severe rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). To compare clinical and pharmacokinetic variables of
      methylprednisolone and oral prednisolone in patients with RA, a controlled
      crossover study was carried out. Pharmacokinetic variables for methylprednisolone
      were Vd of 69.9 l, t1/2 of 2.96 h, total plasma clearance of 17.5 l/h.
      Pharmacokinetic variables for prednisolone were Vd of 47.5 l, t1/2 of 3.08 h and
      total plasma clearance of 11.3 l/h. During the elimination phase, a secondary
      rise in methylprednisolone concentration occurred which may be related to
      enterohepatic circulation. Clinical response to both prednisolone and
      methylprednisolone was short-lived with neither lasting more than 6 weeks.

PMID- 3361534
TI  - The clinical and immunological effects of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in
      rheumatoid arthritis. I. Clinical effects.
AB  - The clinical effects of pulse methylprednisolone therapy were studied in 40
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A response to pulse therapy was achieved in
      all but 2. The duration of response to pulse therapy alone was relatively short,
      but could be increased greatly by the concomitant initiation of treatment with a
      disease modifying agent.

PMID- 3361535
TI  - The clinical and immunological effects of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in
      rheumatoid arthritis. II. Effects on immune and inflammatory indices in
      peripheral blood.
AB  - Marked effects on C reactive protein, circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid
      factor and immunoglobulin levels were demonstrated in a group of 40 patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis, who received pulse methylprednisolone therapy, either as
      sole treatment or in combination with a disease modifying agent. The only patient
      groups in which these serological changes were maintained were the groups taking
      disease modifying agents, with the more significant and sustained changes
      occurring in the group of patients who started a disease modifying agent at the
      time pulse therapy was begun. No significant effect of pulse therapy on
      neutrophil or lymphocyte counts or lymphocyte subsets could be demonstrated.
      Pulse therapy, per se, did not have a significant effect on the results of
      intradermal delayed hypersensitivity testing in any patient group.

PMID- 3361536
TI  - The clinical and immunological effects of pulse methylprednisolone therapy in
      rheumatoid arthritis. III. Effects on immune and inflammatory indices in synovial
      fluid.
AB  - Pulse methylprednisolone therapy has dramatic effects on cellular traffic and
      immunological variables of disease activity in both the synovial fluid (SF) and
      peripheral blood compartments. While these effects persisted at 2 weeks in the SF
      they had reverted to pretreatment levels in the peripheral blood. Pulse therapy
      resulted in temporary changes in the number of helper and suppressor cells in
      peripheral blood with an initial fall followed by a rise in the helper to
      suppressor ratio. In the SF, pulse therapy produced more gradual and sustained
      effects on the helper and suppressor subpopulations, resulting in a reduction in
      the helper to suppressor ratio.

PMID- 3361537
TI  - A survival study of patients with scleroderma diagnosed over 30 years (1953
      1983): the value of a simple cutaneous classification in the early stages of the
      disease.
AB  - A longitudinal study was carried out on 177 patients with scleroderma between
      1953 and 1983. Patients were classified into 3 types according to the extent of
      skin sclerosis within one year of presentation: Type 1 with sclerodactyly only;
      Type 2, skin stiffness proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints but sparing the
      trunk; and Type 3, diffuse skin stiffness including the trunk. Ten year survival
      was 71% in Type 1, 58% in Type 2 and 21% in Type 3. Quality of life was best in
      Type 1, intermediate in Type 2 and worst in Type 3. Nailfold capillary
      abnormalities did not discriminate between the types, but anticentromere antibody
      correlated strongly with Type 1. The simple subdivision of scleroderma based on
      the early extent of clinical skin involvement has been found to be useful in
      predicting longterm outcome in this highly variable disease.

PMID- 3361538
TI  - Collagen antibodies in juvenile arthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis:
      differences in levels and type-specificity.
AB  - Antibodies to both native and denatured type II collagen were measured in the
      serum of 63 patients with juvenile onset arthritis (JA) and in 67 patients with
      adult onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Levels of antibodies in the 2 groups were
      compared with antibody levels in 30 healthy adult controls, and in 20 children
      with nonrheumatic diseases. Antibodies to denatured and native collagen were
      increased in RA but not in JA. There was no apparent difference between the
      collagen antibody levels in any of the 3 subgroups of JA, pauciarticular,
      polyarticular or systemic onset disease. Antibodies to denatured collagen were
      not type specific, and reacted similarly with type I and type II collagens, but
      antibodies to native collagen were much more specific, and most reacted more
      strongly on type II collagen than on type I collagen. Our results, unlike those
      in previous reports, imply that antibodies to collagen are infrequent in JA and
      hence cannot be implicated in the pathogenesis of that disease, which is in
      contrast to adult onset RA.

PMID- 3361539
TI  - Tarsal ankylosis in juvenile and adult onset rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - It has been suggested that tarsal arthritis with ankylosis may be characteristic
      of late onset Still's disease. In our study 16 of 88 (18%) patients with juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 22 of 97 (23%) patients with adult RA had
      radiographic findings of tarsal joint ankylosis. In our patients, tarsal bony
      fusion was not related to type of disease onset, age of onset or sex; rather it
      was related to a longer duration of disease. Tarsal ankylosis should not be
      regarded as a special feature of Still's disease since it can also be seen in
      adult RA.

PMID- 3361540
TI  - Renal handling of hypoxanthine and xanthine in normal subjects and in four cases
      of idiopathic renal hypouricemia.
AB  - Pyrazinamide (PZA) was used to study the renal handling of hypoxanthine, xanthine
      and uric acid in 2 normal subjects and in 4 patients with idiopathic renal
      hypouricemia; one patient was classified as having a postsecretory reabsorption
      defect, whereas the others were classified as having a presecretory reabsorption
      defect. In normal subjects, PZA suppressed strongly the excretion of xanthine as
      well as uric acid; however, it showed a weak effect on that of hypoxanthine. PZA
      suppressed all excretion of these 3 compounds in the patient with postsecretory
      reabsorption defect. PZA showed almost no effect on the excretion of either
      hypoxanthine, xanthine or uric acid in the patients with presecretory
      reabsorption defect.

PMID- 3361542
TI  - Health status information in clinical practice: the development and testing of
      patient profile reports.
AB  - As an initial step in a project to apply health status measures in routine
      clinical practice, we developed and tested patient profiles based on the
      Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) instrument. The health status profiles
      are single page summary reports of patient scores on the AIMS instrument whose
      reliability and validity were tested on a group of 123 rheumatologists and
      arthritis health professionals in clinical practice. Results demonstrated that
      the profile summary reports were reliable and valid when used by clinicians.
      These findings are important evidence for their eventual introduction into
      routine clinical practice.

PMID- 3361541
TI  - The arthropathy of Wilson's disease: clinical and pathologic features.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with Wilson's disease were evaluated for arthropathy with
      history, examination, and radiographs. Knee arthroscopy with cartilage and
      synovial biopsies was performed in 4 patients. Radiologic findings were minimal,
      including osteophytes, subchondral cysts, and joint space narrowing.
      Chondrocalcinosis was observed in 3 patients. Cartilage and synovial biopsies
      studied by energy dispersive elemental analysis showed copper and sulfur
      diffusely throughout cartilage in 2 of 4 patients. No crystals were found. The
      finding of copper in cartilage biopsies suggests that copper deposition may be a
      factor in the etiology of arthropathy, although definitive studies remain to be
      performed.

PMID- 3361543
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and taste evaluation of ibuprofen (Motrin) 800 mg tablets in
      extemporaneous solution.
AB  - A 4-way crossover study was done to determine the pharmacokinetic and
      palatability characteristics of ibuprofen 800 mg tablets when given as a solution
      in various beverages. When compared to the tablet itself, no significant
      difference was noted for any variable measured for an orange juice solution. A
      delay in time-to-peak concentration (Tmax) was noted for a dilute cherry syrup
      solution. Changes in Tmax, peak concentration achieved and area-under-the-curve
      were noted with a Coca-Cola solution. The authors conclude Coca-Cola to be
      clearly inappropriate for this method, a dilute cherry syrup solution slightly
      better and orange juice to be the preferred option.

PMID- 3361544
TI  - Postmarketing surveillance in rheumatology: analysis of purpura and upper
      abdominal pain.
AB  - A system of postmarketing surveillance of antirheumatic drugs employing
      prospective protocol based consecutive patient cohorts is described, together
      with use of recursive partitioning techniques for statistical adjustment for
      potentially confounding variables. An analysis of 2 side effects (purpura and
      upper abdominal pain) is presented. Purpura was found to be associated with age,
      sex, disease duration, and amount of disability. The combination of aspirin and
      prednisone was associated with the highest prevalence of purpura. Upper abdominal
      pain also varied across drug classes. Within the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory
      drug category, there were clinically important differences in the relative
      prevalence of upper gastrointestinal pain between specific drugs.

PMID- 3361545
TI  - Cleidocranial dysplasia.
AB  - An elderly man who presented with severe kyphoscoliosis and congestive heart
      failure is described. The latter was treated in a standard manner, and he
      improved accordingly. Radiologic investigations of his obvious cranial and
      skeletal abnormalities revealed cleidocranial dysplasia. The characteristics and
      diagnosis of this rare autosomal dominant disorder are discussed.

PMID- 3361546
TI  - Ureaplasma urealyticum septic arthritis in hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - We describe a hypogammaglobulinemic man with erosive oligoarticular septic
      arthritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum. His clinical course was complicated by a
      subcutaneous abscess. Multiple synovial cultures were negative until finally
      cultures specific for mycoplasmas were performed. Serologic diagnosis cannot be
      relied upon in hypogammaglobulinemic patients because they do not mount a
      perceptible antibody response. This underscores the importance of a high clinical
      suspicion of mycoplasmas as etiologic agents of septic arthritis in this
      population and early communication with the microbiology laboratory so that
      appropriate cultures for mycoplasmas can be performed and joint destruction
      minimized.

PMID- 3361547
TI  - Candida parapsilosis in a patient receiving chronic hemodialysis.
AB  - A case of Candida parapsilosis involving the left wrist in an immunocompromised
      host is described. The arthritis followed an indolent course, present for about 1
      year before specific treatment was started. There was no response to 2-month
      ketoconazole therapy, and an open drainage had to be performed. In addition to
      crystal arthropathies and the more common infectious arthritides, one should be
      aware of arthritides with opportunistic microorganisms in immune compromised
      hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3361548
TI  - On the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3361550
TI  - Articular involvement in human brucellosis.

PMID- 3361549
TI  - Antiphospholipid antibodies and chorea.

PMID- 3361551
TI  - Peyronie's disease in systemic sclerosis. Report of two cases.

PMID- 3361552
TI  - Giant cell arteritis in a conjugal pair.

PMID- 3361553
TI  - Headache in stabilized giant cell arteritis: role of nifedipine.

PMID- 3361554
TI  - Effects of chemical immobilisation on the blood composition of impala (Aepyceros
      melampus (Lichtenstein).
AB  - The effects of chemical immobilisation on impala (Aepyceros melampus) were
      investigated. The results indicate that etorphine HCl or Carfentanil should not
      be used in isolation but that xylazine should be included in the immobilisation
      "cocktail". The highest dose possible, commensurate with safety, should be used
      in order to minimise time and distance to recumbency. Body temperature should be
      monitored and if cooling measures are not effective the animal should be aroused.
      Either diprenorphine HCl alone or in combination with yohimbine and 4
      aminopyridine should be used as antidote/s.

PMID- 3361555
TI  - Continuing education--a personal view of informal education after graduation.

PMID- 3361556
TI  - [Cervical intervertebral disk prolapse in a horse].
AB  - A Hansen type I cervical intervertebral disc prolapse was diagnosed in a 16-year
      old American Saddler showing clinical signs of paresis and ataxia. An ante-mortem
      diagnosis was made by means of plain radiographs and a myelogram. The horse was
      euthanased and the diagnosis confirmed on a post-mortem examination.

PMID- 3361557
TI  - Chlamydiosis in a springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis).
AB  - Chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a 3-month-old springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) on
      a farm where 46 out of 65 springbok died over a period of 3 months. Nervous
      signs, which included circling, opisthotonus, loss of balance, recumbency and
      intermittent paddling movements of the legs were seen in lambs and adult animals.
      Gross lesions consisted of a fibrinous peri- and epicarditis and interstitial
      nephritis, while the microscopical lesions were characterised by multifocal
      encephalomyelitis and meningitis, interstitial pneumonia, and vasculitis in the
      brain, spinal cord and myocardium. Colonies of suspected chlamydial organisms
      were seen in a few mononuclear cells and tubular epithelium in the kidneys.
      Ultrastructurally the colonies were composed of 3 morphological types of
      particles, consistent with the different stages in the life cycle of the
      chlamydiae.

PMID- 3361558
TI  - Oestrus synchronization in dairy heifers using a progesterone releasing
      intravaginal device.
AB  - This paper describes a pilot trial carried out, to investigate the use of
      progesterone releasing intravaginal device(PRID) in controlled breeding in
      heifers under South African conditions. PRID's containing progesterone and
      oestradiol benzoate were employed for oestrus synchronization and reproductive
      management in ten 18-month-old, well-managed, heifers in a commercial Transvaal
      highveld dairy herd. PRID's were inserted into the vagina of each animal and
      removed after 12 days. Oestrus observation was done continuously and on the first
      observed oestrus the heifers were artificially inseminated once. Oestrus
      detection continued normally for returns to oestrus. Pregnancy was confirmed by
      rectal palpation eight weeks after breeding if no return to oestrus had occurred.
      The incidence of clinical oestrus within 3 days after removal of the PRID's
      (defined as the oestrus response) was 90%. The conception or pregnancy rate
      following the first artificial insemination was 77.8%.

PMID- 3361559
TI  - Dermatosparaxis in White Dorper sheep.
AB  - A diagnosis of dermatosparaxis in a lamb with clinical signs of extreme skin
      fragility was based on the gross changes as well as on light and scanning
      electron microscopical observations. Similar cases had occurred on the same farm
      during the previous year.

PMID- 3361560
TI  - An undescribed Rhipicephalus species associated with field paralysis of Angora
      goats.
AB  - Paralysis of Angora goat kids caused by adult ticks, which most probably belong
      to an undescribed species of the Rhipicephalus pravus group, is described.
      Confirmed cases of paralysis occurred in the south-western Orange Free State
      between the second half of September and the first half of November as well as
      during the first half of February. The mean female tick burdens (mean = 21.4) of
      paralysed Angora kids were significantly higher than those of healthy kids (mean
      = 4.4). The predilection attachment site of the adult ticks was the ears of the
      goats. The elephant shrew Elephantulus myurus is a preferred host of the immature
      stages whereas the scrub hare Lepus saxatilis serves as an important host for the
      adult ticks.

PMID- 3361561
TI  - The use of acupuncture in canine epilepsy.

PMID- 3361562
TI  - The genetic relationship between the Dohne- and the Walrich-merino.
AB  - The Dohne- and the Walrich Sheep breeders' societies amalgamated in 1982 to form
      an enlarged Dohne Merino Breed Society. Both breeds are dual-purpose, polled
      breeds with high fertility as well as good wool and mutton characteristics.
      Apparently they have a similar genetic background, both being developed out of
      local Merino ewes and dual-purpose Merino-type sheep from Europe. Studies of
      biochemical polymorphisms in the blood of 224 Dohne and 204 Walrich Merino
      established a close relationship between these two breeds.

PMID- 3361563
TI  - The suppression of electro-ejaculation in the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) by
      azaperone.
AB  - Six baboons (Papio ursinus) males were immobilised on five occasions at intervals
      of two weeks using a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine. The
      animals were subsequently successfully electro-ejaculated. No semen was obtained
      from animals when azaperone was used instead of xylazine, despite the use of a
      successful standardised method of electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3361564
TI  - Practical small animal dermatology. II: Diagnostic approach.
AB  - The approach to the evaluation of a small animal patient with a dermatological
      condition is discussed with emphasis on systematic methods. The importance of
      obtaining an adequate history is stressed and the correct performance of
      screening tests is emphasised. Evidence of the body's reaction to disease or
      injurious agents is described since it must be recognised. Pruritus and alopecia
      are two common presenting clinical signs and systematic approaches to eliciting
      the aetiology of these are proposed.

PMID- 3361565
TI  - [Skin pedicles in a boxer dog].

PMID- 3361566
TI  - Dourine in South Africa.

PMID- 3361567
TI  - Prophylactic efficacy of sustained-release ivermectin against induced nematode
      infestations in cattle.
AB  - The efficacy of sustained-release ivermectin was evaluated against challenge
      infestations of gastro-intestinal nematodes in a laboratory study involving 12
      treated and 12 untreated control cattle. A weighted, orally administered
      osmotically activated device designed to lodge in the rumeno-reticulum and to
      deliver ivermectin at a dosage rate of approximately 8 mg/day for a 120-day
      period, was administered to treated cattle. Animals were challenged with
      infective larvae of Bunostomum phlebotomum and Oesophagostomum radiatum
      approximately 4 weeks, and with Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi,
      Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia pectinata approximately 4 and 6 weeks after
      bolus administration. No parasites were recovered from ivermectin-treated
      animals, representing 100% efficacy (p less than 0.01) against challenge
      infestations with larvae of all of the above species. Efficacy against an
      incidental infestation of Trichuris spp was 92% (p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3361568
TI  - Potential anticonvulsants. 11. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of spiro[1,3
      dioxolane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-ones and structural analogues.
AB  - A number of spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-ones were synthesized and tested
      for anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and
      pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold (sc-Met) tests. 5'-Chlorospiro[1,3-dioxolane
      2,3'-indolin]-2'-one was the most active compound in the MES test and had ED50 =
      27.97 mg/kg. Structural analogues spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-one,
      spiro[1,3-dithiolane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-one, spiro[indoline-3,2'-[1,3]-oxathiolan]
      2-one, and 3,3-dimethoxyindolin-2-one were also evaluated for anticonvulsant
      activity. Almost all compounds submitted for screening exhibited the ability to
      protect mice against electrically and chemically induced seizures. The ED50 and
      TD50 values for some of the title compounds are reported. Anticonvulsant
      screenings were carried out through NINCDS, NIH.

PMID- 3361569
TI  - 9-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-6-(alkylamino)-9H-purines. A new class of anticonvulsant
      agents.
AB  - Several substituted aryl and 6-alkylamino analogues of the anticonvulsant purine
      9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-6-(methyl-amino)-9H-purine (1) were synthesized and tested for
      anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) in
      rats. Derivatives with a second fluoro substituent in the 5- or 6-position of the
      aryl moiety were very active with ip ED50's that ranged from 2 to 4 mg/kg.
      Congeners in which the purine 6-substituent was varied among a number of
      alkylamino groups possessed potent activity against MES that was comparable to or
      several times better than phenytoin.

PMID- 3361570
TI  - N-terminal requirements of small peptide anticoagulants based on hirudin54-65.
AB  - C-terminal fragment analogues of the leech anticoagulant peptide hirudin
      represent a unique class of thrombin inhibitors that blocks thrombin's cleavage
      of fibrinogen but does not block the catalytic site of thrombin. In this paper, a
      series of synthetic peptides were prepared by solid-phase methodology to
      determine the optimal N-terminal and position 56 functionalities for these C
      terminal fragment analogues of hirudin. Inhibition of fibrin clot formation by
      thrombin in vitro was used as a measure of anticoagulant activity. In the minimal
      C-terminal sequence necessary for anticoagulant activity, hirudin56-64, an L
      aromatic amino acid is required at position 56. Phe56----Tyr substitution
      retained potency, whereas p-Cl-Phe56 and phenylglycine56 substitutions resulted
      in decreased potencies. Removal of the cationic amino functionality from the
      vicinity of Asp55 results in increased potency (e.g., hirudin54-65, Ac-hirudin55
      65) and [desNH2-Asp55]hirudin55-65 has a marked increase in potency over
      hirudin55-65. [DesNH2-Phe56]hirudin56-65 and related analogues show no detectable
      anticoagulant activity. The sensitivity of position 56 to modification
      demonstrates the significance of this residue in the interaction between the C
      terminal region of hirudin and thrombin.

PMID- 3361571
TI  - [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4-amines: a new class of A1 receptor selective
      adenosine antagonists.
AB  - Several [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines that were reported as antidepressants
      in the patent literature were found to possess moderate affinity for the
      adenosine A1 and A2 receptors. On the basis of structural parallels with adenine
      and adenosine, the N-cyclopentyl derivative was synthesized and found to have
      improved affinity and selectivity for the A1 receptor. In the N-cyclopentyl
      series, affinity was optimal with trifluoromethyl substitution at the 1-position,
      resulting in a compound (9) with 7.3 nM A1 affinity and 138-fold selectivity for
      the A1 receptor.

PMID- 3361572
TI  - Structure-activity profile of a series of novel triazoloquinazoline adenosine
      antagonists.
AB  - During a search for benzodiazepine receptor modulators, a highly potent adenosine
      antagonist (CGS 15943) was discovered. The compound was defined as a resonance
      stabilized hybrid of the canonical structures 9-chloro-2-(2
      furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine (2a) and 9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5,6
      dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]-quinazolin- 5-imine (2b). Spectroscopic evidence
      and chemical reactivity in polar media favor the amine form 2a as the major
      contributor of the two canonical structures. The synthesis of 2 and some of its
      analogues and the structure-activity relationships in four biological test
      systems are described. Replacement of the 9-chloro group by hydrogen, hydroxyl,
      or methoxyl gave compounds with comparable binding potency at the A1 and A2
      receptors but much less activity as antagonists of 2-chloroadenosine in guinea
      pig tracheal strips. Alkylation of the 5-amino group caused, in general, a loss
      of binding activity, particularly at the A2 receptor, as well as complete loss of
      activity in the tracheal model. Modification of the 2-furyl group caused a
      pronounced loss of activity in all of the test systems.

PMID- 3361573
TI  - Ara-tiazofurin: conservation of structural features in an unusual thiazole
      nucleoside.
AB  - Tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide, NSC 286193) is a C
      glycosyl thiazole nucleoside with antitumor activity. Crystal structures of
      tiazofurin and its alpha,2'-deoxy and xylo analogues all show close contacts
      between the thiazole sulfur (S) and the furanose ring oxygen (O1'). These
      contacts have been interpreted in terms of an attractive intramolecular S-O
      interaction in the thiazole nucleosides. Ara-tiazofurin (2-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide, ara-T) is the inactive arabinose analogue
      of tiazofurin. The crystal structure of ara-T is reported. This structure
      provides evidence for an attractive S-O interaction not seen in the other
      thiazole nucleosides. The conformation about the C-glycosyl bond in ara-T is such
      that close contacts are formed between the thiazole sulfur and both O1' and the
      2'-hydroxyl oxygen O2'. This conformation is interpreted in terms of an
      additional attractive interaction between S and O2'. This interpretation is
      supported by comparison of the conformation of ara-T with those of other ara
      nucleosides. These findings provide further evidence for an attractive S-O
      interaction in the thiazole nucleosides. Ara-T also demonstrates a second
      conformational feature found in these compounds: the carboxamide nitrogen remains
      cis to the thiazole nitrogen. Implications of these potentially constrained
      conformational features are discussed in terms of the mechanism of activity of
      tiazofurin.

PMID- 3361575
TI  - (Acyloxy)benzophenones and (acyloxy)-4-pyrones. A new class of inhibitors of
      human neutrophil elastase.
AB  - A series of 4-(acyloxy)- and 4,4'-bis(acyloxy)benzophenones were synthesized.
      Some of them, pivalates (trimethylacetates) and isobutyrates in particular, were
      found to be potent and selective inhibitors of human neutrophil (leukocyte)
      elastase. A series of 2-[(acyloxy)methyl]-5-(acyloxy)-4-pyrones were synthesized
      regioselectively from kojic acid. The 4-pyrones bearing a long chain acyl group
      at the 2-position and either pivaloyloxy or isobutyryloxy at the 5-position were
      potent and selective inhibitors of the human elastase. A number of analogues and
      derivatives in both series were synthesized in order to study the structure
      activity relationship as summarized in Tables I-VI and in Tables IX and X. The
      inhibition was selective to human neutrophil elastase. No inhibition of porcine
      pancreatic elastase or bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin (Tables VII and XI) was
      observed. The most likely mechanism of inhibition is discussed. The implication
      of these findings for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and emphysema is
      outlined.

PMID- 3361574
TI  - Potential antitumor agents. 56. "Minimal" DNA-intercalating ligands as antitumor
      drugs: phenylquinoline-8-carboxamides.
AB  - A series of isomeric phenylquinoline-8-carboxamides have been synthesized and
      evaluated as antitumor agents. This configuration is close to the minimum
      chromophore required for intercalative binding, since the binding mode of the
      compounds is dependent on the presence and position of the phenyl ring. If the
      ring is appended at the 4- or 5-position, it cannot lie within the DNA
      intercalation site, and the compounds do not intercalate as shown by both
      unwinding and helix extension assays. In contrast, the 2-, 3-, and 6-phenyl
      isomers (where the phenyl ring lies coplanar with the quinoline and in the
      intercalation site) bind by intercalation. Only those isomers that intercalate
      show in vivo antitumor activity, with the 2-phenyl derivative in particular
      possessing broad-spectrum activity in both leukemia and solid-tumor assays.

PMID- 3361576
TI  - Analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Synthesis and binding studies.
AB  - Substituted 4-hydroxybutyric (GHB) or trans-4-hydroxycrotonic acids (T-HCA) and
      structurally related compounds were synthesized and submitted to [3H]GHB binding.
      Structure-activity relationships studies highlighted for [3H]GHB binding (a) the
      necessity of a nonlactonic, relatively extended conformation of the gamma
      hydroxybutyric chain, (b) the existence of some bulk tolerance in the vicinity of
      the hydroxyl group, and (c) the high sensitivity toward isosteric replacements of
      the carboxyl or the hydroxyl groups. T-HCA has been recently identified as a
      naturally occurring substance in the central nervous system (CNS) and shows a
      better affinity than GHB. Our findings are in favor of the presence in the CNS of
      specific GHB binding sites, which are different from the GABA and the picrotoxin
      binding sites, and for which T-HCA may be an endogenous ligand.

PMID- 3361577
TI  - Synthesis of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated inulin and utility for
      cellular uptake of liposomes.
AB  - The synthesis, binding of radioactive cations, liposomal encapsulation, and
      biodistribution of the oxidized-inulin reaction product with ethylenediamine and
      diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (4) are described. The four-step synthesis of
      the inulin derivative proceeded in a good overall yield of 72%. The complex of
      the inulin derivative with either 67Ga3+ or 111In3+ was stable in vivo and did
      not readily distribute into tissues, being excreted primarily in urine after
      intravenous administration to mice. The liposome-entrapped inulin derivative can
      be loaded with radioactive heavy metal cations by mobile ionophores in high
      radiochemical yields of 80-91%. Following the intravenous administration of the
      liposomal encapsulation of the indium-111-labeled inulin derivative, the
      entrapped compound had a biodistribution characteristic of liposomes and allowed
      an estimation of the extent of the intracellular uptake of liposomes. The ability
      of the inulin derivative to chelate many different types of metals will allow the
      use of this probe for studying subtle differences in tissue distribution
      resulting from different drug targeting or delivery protocols in the same animal
      by multiple labeling techniques. Moreover, the chelate-conjugated inulin permits
      studies of the applications of drug delivery systems in primates or human
      subjects by noninvasive techniques such as gamma-scintigraphic or nuclear
      magnetic resonance imaging methods.

PMID- 3361578
TI  - Antihypertensive thiadiazoles. 1. Synthesis of some 2-aryl-5-hydrazino-1,3,4
      thiadiazoles with vasodilator activity.
AB  - Some 2-aryl-5-hydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been synthesized and screened for
      antihypertensive activity. In general, compounds with a 2-substituted phenyl ring
      had higher activity than their 3- or 4-substituted counterparts or those
      containing heteroaryl groups. The 2-methylphenyl and 2-ethylphenyl derivatives 7
      and 18 were the most potent members of the series. Preliminary studies indicated
      that the hypotensive action of these compounds was due to a direct relaxant
      effect on vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3361579
TI  - Antihypertensive thiadiazoles. 2. Vasodilator activity of some 2-aryl-5-guanidino
      1,3,4-thiadiazoles.
AB  - Some 2-aryl-5-guanidino-(or N-substituted guanidino)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and
      closely related analogues were found to lower blood pressure in metacorticoid
      (DOCA) hypertensive rats. In the unsubstituted guanidines that exhibited low
      toxicity, optimum activity resulted when the aryl group was a 2-methylphenyl ring
      (11). Modifications to the guanidine group did not increase antihypertensive
      activity, but, in the 2-methylphenyl series, the N-n-butyl- and N-(2
      methoxyethyl)guanidines (63 and 78) and the related iminoimidazolidine 93 were of
      comparable activity to that of the unsubstituted guanidine 11. The
      iminoimidazolidine 93 showed a somewhat longer duration of action than the
      guanidine derivatives. Preliminary studies in a pithed rat preparation indicated
      that these thiadiazole derivatives (11, 63, and 93) lowered blood pressure by a
      direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 3361580
TI  - Novel calcium antagonists. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies
      of benzothiazoline derivatives.
AB  - A series of novel compounds having a benzothiazoline skeleton was studied for
      their structure-activity relationship (SAR) with respect to Ca2+ antagonistic
      activity. As test compounds, analogues of 3-acyl-2-arylbenzothiazolines (3) were
      synthesized. Benzothiazoline derivatives (3) exerted higher Ca2+ antagonistic
      activity than the corresponding thiazolidine derivatives (2). Effects of
      substituents R1-R4, the substitution position of the aminoalkoxy group and R2,
      and the length of the methylene chain on biological activities were examined.
      Compound 4 [3-acetyl-2-[5-methoxy-2-[4-[N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl )
      amino]butoxy]phenyl]benzothiazoline hydrochloride] showed a potent Ca2+
      antagonistic activity in vitro and dual inhibition on the fast Na+ inward channel
      and the slow Ca2+ inward channel in Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts. Compound
      4 also showed a long-acting hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      and prevented acute pulmonary thrombotic death in mice.

PMID- 3361581
TI  - Nonsteroidal antiandrogens. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3
      substituted derivatives of 2-hydroxypropionanilides.
AB  - A series of 3-(substituted thio)-2-hydroxypropionanilides and some corresponding
      sulfones and sulfoxides of general structure 7, in which R' is methyl or
      trifluoromethyl, were prepared and tested for antiandrogen activity. Members of
      the trifluoromethyl series (7, R' = CF3) generally exhibited partial androgen
      agonist activity whereas the members of the methyl series (7, R' = CH3) were pure
      antagonists. Lead optimization in the methyl series has led to the discovery of
      novel, potent antiandrogens, which are peripherally selective. One of these, (RS)
      4'-cyano-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3'-
      (trifluoromethyl)propionanilide, 40 (ICI 176334), is being developed currently
      for the treatment of androgen-responsive benign and malignant disease.

PMID- 3361582
TI  - Peripherally acting enkephalin analogues. 1. Polar pentapeptides.
AB  - The design, synthesis, and biological activity of a series of highly polar
      enkephalin-related pentapeptides are reported. These analogues incorporate
      structural features that exclude them from the central nervous system and thereby
      restrict their action to peripherally located receptors. Hydrophilic analogues
      were obtained by introduction of polar D-amino acid residues at position 2 and,
      in certain cases, by conversion of the N-terminal amino group of the Tyr residue
      to a guanidino function. The peptides were synthesized by classical solution
      methods. All compounds demonstrated in vitro opioid activity in the GPI and all
      were shown to possess antinociceptive activity in chemically induced writhing
      models. The analgesic effects were shown to be predominantly peripherally
      mediated by antagonism of antinociception with the peripheral antagonist N
      methylnalorphine. Comparative data obtained in writhing and hot-plate tests were
      also supportive of a peripheral mode of action. Compound 13a, L-tyrosyl-D
      arginylglycyl-L-4-nitrophenylalanyl-L-prolinamide (BW 443C), was identified as
      having a favorable pharmacological profile, indicating a high level of peripheral
      selectivity, and worthy of further investigation.

PMID- 3361583
TI  - Analogues of aminoglutethimide based on 1-phenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4
      dione: selective inhibition of aromatase activity.
AB  - In exploring the structural features responsible for the inhibitory activity of
      aminoglutethimide [3-(4-aminophenyl)-3-ethylpiperidine-2,6-dione] (1) toward the
      cholesterol side chain cleavage (CSCC) enzyme from bovine adrenals and the human
      placental aromatase enzyme, analogues have been synthesized in which the
      piperidine-2,6-dione ring is replaced by substituted or unsubstituted
      azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione rings. The unsubstituted analogue 1-(4
      aminophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (9a) is a slightly more potent
      inhibitor of aromatase than 1 (Ki = 1.2 microM, cf. 1.8 microM for 1) but is
      noninhibitory toward the CSCC enzyme. The substituted analogues 1-(4-aminophenyl)
      3-butyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (9e) and 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-pentyl-3
      azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (9f) are approximately 100 times more potent
      than 1 (Ki values of 1, 9e, and 9f are 1.8, 0.015, and 0.02 microM, respectively)
      in inhibiting aromatase, with no significant activity toward the CSCC enzyme.
      Type II difference spectra were exhibited by 1, 9a, and 9f in their interaction
      with the aromatase enzyme (respective Ks values of 1, 9a, and 9f are 0.13, 0.08,
      and 0.01 microM). Modification of the para amino function by alkylation, its
      relocation, replacement by H, or replacement by a methyl, aldehyde, or secondary
      alcohol group produced analogues that were inactive toward both enzyme systems.

PMID- 3361584
TI  - Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of
      8-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids and 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic
      acids.
AB  - A series of 7,8-disubstituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids,
      7-substituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids, and 10
      substituted 9-fluoropyridobenzoxazine-6-carboxylic acids has been prepared and
      evaluated for antibacterial activity. The side chains examined at the 7-position
      (benzoxazine 10-position) included piperazinyl (g), 3-aminopyrrolidinyl (a), 3
      (aminomethyl)pyrrolidinyl (b), and alkylated 3-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidinyl (c-f).
      Variations at C-8 of the quinolone ring system included hydrogen, nitro, amino,
      fluorine, and chlorine. The relative enhancement of in vitro activities by the
      side chains on the 8-hydrogen quinolone and 1,8-naphthyridine against Gram
      negative organisms was a greater than b greater than g greater than c-f. The
      activity imparted to the substituted quinolone nucleus by the 8-substituent was
      in the order F greater than Cl greater than naphthyridine greater than H greater
      than benzoxazine greater than NH2 greater than NO2. These trends were retained in
      vivo.

PMID- 3361586
TI  - Medical school achievements as predictors of residency performance.
AB  - In this study, the authors investigated the relationships between academic
      achievement in medical school and performance in first-year residency. The
      correlations between achievement measures and residency performance ratings were
      low but significant. A multiple regression equation using the residents' medical
      specialty and the academic variables accounted for one-quarter of the variance in
      residency ratings. Additional analyses indicated that the residents rated as
      "outstanding" consistently performed better on the National Board of Medical
      Examiners' examinations than the residents rated as "below average." However,
      other factors were not found to distinguish consistently among the residents when
      they were grouped into four categories on the basis of overall residency
      performance. These results support the consideration of academic variables in the
      residency selection process. However, their use as a single selection factor or
      as a method of screening out applicants from further consideration is, at best,
      justified only in the case of extremely high or low medical school achievement.

PMID- 3361585
TI  - The regional graduate medical education program of the University of Washington.
AB  - To address problems of geographic and specialty distribution of physicians in the
      states of Washington, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho, the University of Washington
      School of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals developed a regional program of
      graduate medical education beginning in 1971. The program in 1986-87 had 77
      percent of the residency positions in the region and involved more than 30
      hospitals and clinics. In 1986-87, 58 percent of the residents completing
      training were in family medicine, internal medicine, or pediatrics. The program
      is centrally coordinated by the school's associate dean for clinical affairs, who
      works with departmental program directors and hospital and university
      administrators.

PMID- 3361587
TI  - An application of continuing medical education to decrease excessive lengths of
      stay.
AB  - The focus of political and public attention on health care costs has created
      pressures on hospitals to devise effective methods to decrease costs and still
      maintain excellent medical care. After identifying four medical specialty
      services in a unit of a tertiary-care hospital where lengths of stay were
      excessive, even when the average severity of the discharged patients' illnesses
      in these services was considered, the authors developed two educational
      interventions to decrease lengths of stay. First, individual meetings were held
      with each of the attending physicians from three of the four specialty services,
      and the data on lengths of stay on that particular service were discussed. The
      fourth service was used as a control. Second, a continuing education meeting was
      held with attending physicians on all of the specialty services admitting
      patients to the unit. The data on lengths of stay for all services were
      discussed. The lengths of stay subsequently decreased significantly in the three
      targeted specialty services without any measurable change in the quality of care.
      This improved efficiency persisted for the 16 months after the intervention.
      Significant changes in length of stay were not observed in the control service or
      in any of the other specialty services in which the attending physicians
      experienced only the continuing education meeting.

PMID- 3361588
TI  - Evaluation of a communication skills course for second-year medical students.
AB  - A five-year evaluation and redesign of the communication skills component of the
      Introduction to Clinical Medicine course was undertaken at the State University
      of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse College of Medicine. The objectives
      of the evaluation were to determine the effectiveness of the component in
      teaching communication skills, identify areas of the component in need of change,
      and monitor the effectiveness of previous changes. In the first three years, the
      evaluation focused on the students' perceptions of the importance of
      communication skills in their training as physicians. Based on the evaluations
      for those three years, the component was modified substantially. One of the
      changes was the introduction in years four and five of simulated patients for
      practicing interviewing skills. The evaluations in years four and five focused on
      the effectiveness of using the simulated patients and the students' perceptions
      of how well the course objectives were met.

PMID- 3361589
TI  - Students' sexual knowledge, attitudes toward sex, and willingness to treat sexual
      concerns.
AB  - In the research reported here, the authors examined the relation of 82 medical
      students' feelings about sex to their level of sexual knowledge, willingness to
      treat patients with sexual concerns, and participation in an elective sex
      education course. The results showed that the erotophobic students (those with
      negative feelings about sexuality) had significantly lower levels of sexual
      knowledge and were significantly less likely to participate in an elective human
      sexuality course than the erotophilic students (those with positive feelings
      about sexuality). Moreover, the erotophobic students who took part in the
      sexuality course benefited from it less than did the erotophilic students as
      measured by their willingness to treat patients with sexual concerns. Finally,
      although the students overall were relatively knowledgeable about sex and were
      relatively willing to treat patients with sexual concerns, troubling gaps in
      specific sexual knowledge and in willingness to treat patients with certain
      sexual concerns (such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome) were identified.
      Medical schools need to structure sex education in ways that take account of
      students' ambivalent feelings about sex and need to provide sex education that
      increases both sexual knowledge and willingness to treat patients with sexual
      concerns.

PMID- 3361590
TI  - An ambulatory program for surgical residents and medical students.
AB  - Teaching in the ambulatory setting is important for medical educators because of
      the economic, social, and medical trends that are pushing patients into this
      health care setting. While medical education in the hospital setting maintains
      its important role, education in ambulatory care demands innovations and new
      strategies. A pilot program based in a freestanding ambulatory surgery center has
      been developed as part of a surgical residency training program. In the present
      article, the author describes the program, outlines its curriculum, and details
      the daily activities of the residents and medical students. A brief history of
      ambulatory surgery is given.

PMID- 3361591
TI  - Faculty and house staff members as role models.
AB  - In the fall of 1986 approximately 100 faculty members, community physicians,
      house staff members, and students associated with Indiana University School of
      Medicine participated in a conference on "Teachers as Role Models: The Impact on
      the Learning Process." Small-group discussions allowed the participants to define
      and discuss the impact of role-modeling in medical education. It was anticipated
      by the organizers that after the conference the participants would be more
      cognizant of their influence as role models and would be motivated to become
      better role models and support good role-modeling. A synopsis of the conference
      indicates that the participants identified both the positive and negative impact
      of role-modeling and concluded that medical educational programs should use
      positive role-modeling as a teaching tool to instill within students the desire
      to gain new knowledge and to apply that knowledge as medical professionals.

PMID- 3361592
TI  - Stressors and psychological symptoms of family practice residents and spouses.
AB  - Fifty-nine family practice residents and their spouses from one university-based
      and three community-based residency programs were studied to assess the frequency
      of stressful events in their lives and to quantify adverse psychosocial effects
      associated with that stress. A modified version of a questionnaire produced and
      tested by the University of Minnesota and the widely used, standardized Symptom
      Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were used to assess stress and psychological symptoms.
      There was a high correlation between high numbers of stressful events in the
      residents' and spouses' lives and high ratings of psychological symptoms. This
      finding was particularly true for the female residents. Overall, the residents'
      responses were near the mean for a nonpatient group used as a normative
      comparison on each of the nine subscales of the SCL-90 and on the overall mean
      for the entire scale. This finding indicated that the residents, although their
      lives were quite stressful, were handling the stress without major problems. The
      residents and their spouses also answered questions about 10 therapeutic
      interventions concerning stress and indicated which interventions they preferred.

PMID- 3361593
TI  - Effect of reduction in length of third-year clerkships on students' academic
      performance.

PMID- 3361594
TI  - An intervention to improve the hospital discharge summary.

PMID- 3361596
TI  - Death education for physicians.

PMID- 3361595
TI  - Balancing concerns for quality patient care and quality residency training.

PMID- 3361597
TI  - Resident supervision and hours. Recommendations of the Association of American
      Medical Colleges.

PMID- 3361598
TI  - A feeding mechanism for Parkinson's disease patients.
AB  - A pivotted four-bar chain mechanism has been studied and built as a feeding aid
      for Parkinson's patients. This system provides a good feeding path. Guidance is
      by means of a spring restrained sliding handle. The tremor exhibited by three
      patients was established in constant force tests. Shake tests using simulated
      inputs spanning the frequency range indicated (2.5 Hz-6 Hz) established the
      vibration isolation properties of the system.

PMID- 3361599
TI  - Vector (butterfly) diagrams for osteoarthritic gait: a preliminary report.
AB  - This paper describes briefly a simple three-dimensional vector diagram display
      combining all the force components of gait in one diagram. The locus of the
      centre of pressure of the feet on the ground is fully illustrated. This provides
      a useful reference for the consideration of the position of the centre of body
      mass over one foot or the other. In the case of some pathological gaits, the
      lateral displacement can be substantial. The traditional two-dimensional diagram
      fails to show some of these effects.

PMID- 3361600
TI  - Evaluation of Makita electric drills for orthopaedic surgery.
AB  - The problems associated with the use of air drills in orthopaedic surgery are
      briefly reviewed. Battery-powered electric drills offer an alternative but they
      can introduce a different set of problems. We have investigated procedures for
      using a Makita, non-medical battery-powered drill in orthopaedic surgery and can
      conclude that, within certain limits, this drill is an alternative to an air
      drill with the advantage of absence of air hoses and the potential for cost
      saving.

PMID- 3361601
TI  - Technical note: microbrazing fine platinum wires.

PMID- 3361603
TI  - Evaluation report--ECG monitors.

PMID- 3361602
TI  - Technical note: testing hermetic seals of microelectronic packages.

PMID- 3361604
TI  - Computer-assisted measurement of peripheral blood flow.
AB  - An automated system for the measurement of peripheral blood flow using venous
      occlusion plethysmography based on the low-cost Apple II microcomputer, together
      with purpose-built compressor unit and data acquisition interface, has been
      developed. The computer performs the dual role of controlling the timing of
      inflation and deflation of the occluding cuffs and recording the resulting
      increase in limb circumference. Ten 8 s epochs of data are acquired and analysed
      per session. Flow rate is computed using a least squares fit between 0.5 and 4.0
      s after cuff inflation, giving on-line indication of blood flow. Venous
      capacitance and digital systolic pressure may be measured using additional
      algorithms. The system has been used for the investigation of circulatory
      disorders and in the assessment of drugs acting on the peripheral circulation.

PMID- 3361605
TI  - A functional analysis of multiple aberrant responses: a refinement and extension
      of Iwata et al.'s (1982) methodology.
AB  - This study extends an operant methodology for the analysis of variables which
      control aberrant responses displayed by mentally handicapped people. The
      proportion of time spent in individual, stereotyped topographies by three
      profoundly mentally handicapped subjects was observed by momentary time-sampling
      whilst they were repeatedly exposed to four analogue environments: Alone, Social
      Disapproval, Academic Demand and Unstructured Play. Two of the three subjects
      showed replicable effects of the analogue environments. One subject showed
      evidence of an interaction between stereotyped topography and type of analogue
      environment. This study shows that the operant methodology of Iwata et al.
      (1982), originally developed with self-injurious responses, can be successfully
      refined and extended to the analysis of a wider range of aberrant topographies.

PMID- 3361606
TI  - Leaving home: the experience of people with a mental handicap.
AB  - Open-ended interviews were conducted with 12 people with a mental handicap who
      had left parental homes in order to live as tenants in community residential
      hostels. Parents and hostel staff were also interviewed. The nature of life in
      the family home, and the tenant's role in the move, reasons for leaving home and
      expectations for the future were explored. It was found that social life,
      autonomy and opportunities to develop self-help skills had been limited at home.
      The tenants who had the widest social experience and the greatest use of self
      help skills at home were the most active in changing their situation. Tenants
      hoped to gain more freedom by leaving home, although they were also in agreement
      with parents and staff about the value of learning new skills.

PMID- 3361607
TI  - Twenty-six years later: a woman with tetra-X chromosomes.
AB  - A 26-year follow-up of the first reported female with tetra-X chromosomes is
      presented. Mental and physical manifestations, and their variability, are
      considered with reference to this woman and other documented examples of the
      uncommon chromosomal aberration concerned.

PMID- 3361609
TI  - The primary care physician's role in management of the patient with
      myelomeningocele.

PMID- 3361608
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case report.

PMID- 3361611
TI  - The other medical profession.

PMID- 3361612
TI  - "Polio-Plus".

PMID- 3361610
TI  - Final report and recommendations of Mississippi's Health Curriculum Committee.

PMID- 3361613
TI  - Physicians, hospitals in Illinois may be sued for wrongful birth.

PMID- 3361614
TI  - Effects of chronic phthalate exposure on the kidney.
AB  - Several investigators have reported the finding of polycystic kidney disease
      (PKD) at autopsy in patients who had undergone long-term hemodialysis for renal
      failure due to causes other than PKD. We initiated studies to determine whether
      the drugs or chemicals to which patients on dialysis are exposed could be
      responsible for these cystic changes. Adult rats were tube fed chemical residues
      from an artificial kidney or phthalate esters [di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP],
      which are a main component of these plastic kidneys or a control solution. Rats
      receiving DEHP or residues showed a significantly higher incidence of focal cysts
      when compared to controls. Rats receiving DEHP developed a significant decrease
      in kidney function as demonstrated by creatinine clearance, and these animals had
      the highest tissue levels of measureable DEHP. We postulate that patients
      receiving long-term dialysis may acquire PKD secondary to their exposure to
      chemicals leached from artificial kidneys.

PMID- 3361615
TI  - Lung, liver, and kidney as potential target organs after exposure to 1
      nitropyrene, as determined by the time course of covalently bound material.
AB  - Previous studies in which rats were exposed to [14C]-1-nitropyrene by inhalation
      indicated that lung, liver, and kidney consistently accumulated the highest
      concentrations of 14C after exposure. The purpose of the study described here was
      to determine the extent to which this 14C was covalently bound to macromolecules.
      Male F344/N rats were exposed to 360 ng [14C]-1-nitropyrene/l air for 1 h
      resulting in an average of 2.2 micrograms 1-nitropyrene deposited per rat. An
      additional group of rats was given 4.2 micrograms [14C]-1-nitropyrene by gavage.
      Total 14C in 23 tissues was determined for up to 96 h after inhalation exposure
      and up to 30 d after gavage. Lung, liver, and kidney contained the highest
      concentrations of 14C. Samples of these tissues were exhaustively extracted to
      determine the amount of radioactivity covalently bound to macromolecules.
      Regardless of the route of administration, the kidneys had the highest
      concentrations of covalently bound 14C. At 96 h after exposure kidneys had
      overall mean concentrations of 2.7 pmol bound/g tissue.micrograms nitropyrene
      administered. The overall mean concentration in liver was 0.18 pmol
      bound/g.microgram and the overall mean concentration in lung was 0.06
      pmol/g.microgram at 96 h after exposure. Covalently bound material persisted in
      kidneys for the duration of the study (30 d postexposure). The calculated half
      time for removal of bound 14C from kidneys was 150 d. These data suggest that
      kidney should be considered as one of the organs at risk after exposure to
      nitropyrene by inhalation or ingestion.

PMID- 3361616
TI  - Reduction of influenza virus pathogenesis by exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone.
AB  - Continuous exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone during the course of murine influenza
      A/PR8/34 virus infection reduced the severity of the disease as quantitated by
      histologic (morphometric), biochemical (serum albumin in lavage fluid), and
      gravimetric (lung wt/dry weight ratios) parameters of lung injury. The ozone
      mediated abatement of the lung injury was independent of peak pulmonary virus
      titers. However, determination of the sites of virus multiplication indicated
      that exposure to ozone resulted in a less widespread infection of the lung
      parenchyma. Furthermore, ozone exposure reduced the antiviral immune response as
      shown by reduced numbers of phenotypically quantitated T- and B-lymphocytes
      recovered from lung tissues and reduction of serum antibody titers. Since the
      pathogenesis of influenza virus infection depends on both the site of viral
      replication and the antiviral immune response, these studies suggest that
      redistribution of virus growth in murine lungs and immunosuppressive mechanisms
      are factors in the ozone-reduced disease severity.

PMID- 3361617
TI  - Effect of route of administration on the development of organophosphate-induced
      delayed neurotoxicity in 4-week-old chicks.
AB  - The poor absorption of organophosphate delayed neurotoxins through the
      gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as a reason why young chickens are not
      susceptible to organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). In the
      present study, 4-wk-old White Leghorn chickens were administered a single dose of
      500 mg tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP)/kg body weight or 100 mg o-tolyl saligenin
      phosphate (TSP)/kg body weight via the oral, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal
      route. In addition, TOTP TSP were administered intravenously at 250 and 50 mg/kg
      body weight, respectively. Forty-eight hours after dosing, half the birds in each
      group were killed for subsequent determination of whole-brain and sciatic nerve
      neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity while the remaining 5 birds per group were
      observed daily from d 7 through d 21 for development of OPIDN clinical signs.
      TOTP administered by the 4 routes generally resulted in whole-brain and sciatic
      nerve NTE inhibition in excess of 85%. TSP given via the different routes
      resulted in 75-84% inhibition of whole-brain NTE activity and 66-79% inhibition
      of sciatic nerve NTE activity. No birds displayed clinical signs typical of OPIDN
      during the 21-d test. Thus, the resistance of the young chicken to the delayed
      effects of organophosphate compounds is due to factors other than the poor
      absorption of the compound through the gastrointestinal tract or the inability of
      the bird to convert TOTP to its neuroactive metabolite, TSP.

PMID- 3361618
TI  - Technique for aerosol deposition restricted to the nose in beagle dogs.
AB  - A method was developed for exposing the nasal cavity of beagle dogs to a
      radiolabeled aerosol without exposure of the remainder of the respiratory tract.
      Deposition efficiency, using a test aerosol of 2.0-micron particles of 99mTc
      sulfur colloid delivered to the nose, was 15 +/- 2% (mean +/- SE) of inhaled
      activity. Gamma camera imaging showed that maximum deposition occurred in the
      anterior third of the nasal cavity, which contained 78 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE) of
      the total deposited radioactivity. The middle-third of the nasal cavity received
      13 +/- 3% and the posterior third 9 +/- 2% of the deposited radioactivity.
      Aerosol deposition in regions of the respiratory tract below the larynx was not
      detectable.

PMID- 3361619
TI  - Metabolism of 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene by intestinal microflora.
AB  - The compounds 1-, 3-, and 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (nitro-BaP) are environmental
      pollutants and have been shown to be potent bacterial mutagens. The anaerobic
      metabolism of these isomeric nitro-BaPs was investigated by the incubation of rat
      intestinal microflora with each isomer for 48 h. Aliquots were removed at several
      time intervals, extracted, fractionated by high-pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC), and the radioactivity determined. Metabolites were identified by
      comparison of their chromatographic, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and mass
      spectral properties with those of authentic standards. The order of the extent of
      nitroreduction for these isomers was 3-nitro-BaP greater than 6-nitro-BaP greater
      than 1-nitro-BaP. After 48 h of exposure, 84% of the added 3-nitro-BaP was
      present as 3-amino-BaP, 51% of the 6-nitro-BaP was metabolized to 6-amino-BaP,
      and 1-nitro-BaP was reduced to 1-amino-BaP (13%) and 1-nitro-BaP (4%). The order
      of the extent of microbial nitroreduction for these nitro-BaP isomers is
      different from the predictions based on electronic and steric hindrance effects.
      These results suggest that intestinal microflora nitroreductases exhibit a
      markedly high degree of substrate specificity toward nitro-BaPs that affects the
      extent of nitroreduction.

PMID- 3361620
TI  - Selenium and human health implications in California's San Joaquin Valley.
AB  - An evaluation was conducted on the human health impacts of elevated levels of
      selenium in the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge and its surroundings in Merced
      County, California. Investigative activities of various agencies were summarized
      and assessed. Agricultural waste water not intended for human use showed elevated
      selenium concentrations of up to 1400 ppb. Levels of selenium in fish (up to 96
      ppm, wet weight), aquatic birds (up to 130 ppm in liver, dry weight), and
      waterfowl (up to 5.3 ppm flesh, wet weight) were unsafe for unrestricted human
      consumption. Data on selenium in drinking water (less than 10 ppb), animals (mean
      values: beef liver 0.3-0.35 ppm, wet weight; milk, 0.01-0.02 ppm), and air
      (particulate, 14.8 ng/m3; gaseous, less than 1080 ng/m3) did not suggest a high
      level of exposure. Selenium concentrations in soil were highly variable and
      suggested a potential source of high exposure. Selenium values in blood and urine
      of workers were within normal range. A community health survey did not show any
      trend of adverse health effects in the local population.

PMID- 3361621
TI  - Molested as children: a hidden contribution to substance abuse?
AB  - A history of child sexual victimization may be much more prevalent among
      substance abusers than previously suspected and may be commonly missed if not
      assessed directly in every patient. The rates of reporting child sexual abuse
      among inpatient substance abusers were compared before and after the question was
      routinely asked in a treatment program. Before routine inquiry, 4% of men and 20%
      of women disclosed such abuse but after routine inquiries began the rates for
      adult men quadrupled, up to 42% of the teenaged boys reported such abuse, about
      75% of adult women admitted such abuse, and 71 to 90% of teenaged girls disclosed
      histories of child sexual abuse. Unresolved issues from childhood sexual abuse
      may be a hidden factor underlying much substance abuse and if not treated may
      lead to rapid relapse.

PMID- 3361622
TI  - Alcoholism training in a family medicine residency.
AB  - The literature in alcoholism education for the health professions reveals that
      despite some strides in the development of training programs, both medical
      students and practicing physicians exhibit negative attitudes toward alcoholics
      that may adversely affect the care offered to these patients. This paper presents
      a program of alcoholism identification and management training for family
      practice residents which has been developed to supplement an existing drug abuse
      treatment program. Residents spend four half-day sessions engaged in seminars,
      outpatient experiences, and inpatient rotations under the direction of a clinical
      psychologist specializing in substance abuse and under the direction of the
      medical staff of a voluntary hospital well-known as a center of alcoholism
      treatment. Training activities include participation in group therapy sessions
      with alcoholic patients, interviewing patients in the early stages of
      rehabilitation, participation in an adolescent alcoholism treatment program and
      attendance in seminars on the prevention, identification, and treatment of
      alcoholism. Residents' evaluations of the experience reveal overall satisfaction
      with the program and their roles in its conduct, but they indicate a need for
      more active roles in the hands-on management of emergency cases.

PMID- 3361623
TI  - Self-medication of migraine headaches with freebase cocaine.
AB  - The following report describes a patient who began cocaine use as a self
      treatment for migraine headaches and developed a full-blown cocaine dependency
      disorder. Treatment implications are discussed in relation to the self-medication
      hypothesis of addictive disorders. The discussion concludes that both initiating
      and perpetuating factors in substance abuse must be addressed for effective
      treatment to occur.

PMID- 3361624
TI  - Long term outcome of clients treated in a commercial stop smoking program.
AB  - A follow-up study was conducted at approximately one year posttreatment of a
      group of clients treated at a commercial stop smoking program (Shick Smoking
      Centers). A sample of 327 clients was contacted from the total number of 832
      clients treated in the year 1985. These clients were selected in a random
      systematic fashion and were contacted by telephone using a structured interview.
      The treatment program employed five days of aversive counter-conditioning
      (faradic and "quick Puff") for various smoking behaviors. It also included an
      educational and counseling component during the initial counter-conditioning
      phase and a six week support phase with weekly support groups and one counter
      conditioning reinforcement treatment in the second week. The clients were
      contacted a mean of 13.7 months after completion of treatment. The majority
      (55.7%) of the clients were male. Fifty-two percent of all clients achieved their
      goal of total abstinence from cigarettes since "graduation" from the program. The
      factor most predictive of success or failure was whether or not the client
      returned to a home containing a smoker. Of those returning to a nonsmoking home,
      61.4% of the men and 60.2% of the women were successful. Of those who returned to
      a smoking household, 70.2% returned to smoking. This study demonstrates that the
      treatment process appears to be free of complications and is associated with
      successful outcomes in the majority of clients. Further improvement in outcome
      might result from simultaneous treatment of all household smokers.

PMID- 3361625
TI  - Tapering from methadone maintenance: attitudes of clients and staff.
AB  - To investigate the barriers to tapering from methadone and to generate ideas for
      clinical services, 60 clients on methadone maintenance and 30 staff members in
      five methadone maintenance clinics were interviewed. The interview format
      combined quantitative and qualitative response options and assessed subjects'
      experience with tapering from methadone, ideas about barriers to tapering,
      suggestions about services that would aid them in getting off methadone, and
      aftercare services that would help them to remain drug-free. Both staff and
      patients noted significant barriers to methadone detoxification, estimating the
      likelihood of completing a successful taper at 10% and 14%, respectively.
      Patients reported psychological symptoms of withdrawal discomfort, but they
      emphasized physical problems of withdrawal much more than did staff. Both groups
      noted the need for counseling, role models of detoxified former addicts, and a
      wide array of available services.

PMID- 3361626
TI  - Coping with AIDS. An approach to training and education in a therapeutic
      community--the Samaritan Village Program.
AB  - The emerging demographics of AIDS related disease and disorders suggests a
      redistribution toward the population of intravenous drug users (IVDU) and the
      sexual partners of IVDU's. Risk reduction strategies employing education and
      disease prevention appear to have had significant success within the gay
      community as borne out by changing epidemiologic data. This paper focuses upon
      one such approach that has been used in a residential therapeutic environment. It
      offers a practical working model that might be applicable in a variety of
      settings. It should be emphasized that this is not a one-step presentation of
      AIDS information, but rather that it is an ongoing program of AIDS education.

PMID- 3361627
TI  - Splenic size on routine chest films in AIDS: diagnostic and prognostic
      significance.
AB  - Sixty-nine percent of AIDS patients show evidence of splenomegaly on their plain
      chest film. This splenomegaly is not related to severity of AIDS, to intravenous
      drug abuse or to any specific infection or neoplasm but correlates well with
      severity of anemia, pancytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Increasing splenomegaly
      usually indicates worsening of AIDS. The triad of splenomegaly, interstitial lung
      disease sparing the bases, and very thin chest wall soft tissues is highly
      specific for the diagnosis of AIDS. The sensitivity of the plain film for
      diagnosing AIDS can be increased by including AIDS in the differential diagnosis
      of all patients with splenomegaly, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, cachexia, or
      bilateral interstitial lung disease of unknown cause.

PMID- 3361628
TI  - Detection of T-factor in lung cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and
      computed tomography.
AB  - The ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect T-factor was compared
      with that of computed tomography (CT) in 52 patients with primary lung cancer
      proven by surgery or autopsy, and the results were analyzed in relation to the
      operative and pathologic findings. In the diagnosis of tumor invasion of the
      heart and great vessels, MRI provided information as accurate as CT. The T1
      weighted images in particular were of considerable value in separating the tumor
      from the mediastinal and hilar fat. Tumor extent in accompanying peripheral
      obstructive pneumonia or collapse was demarcated in 21% of the cases studied by
      CT and in 33% to 53% by MRI. On the other hand, the T2-weighted images obtained
      with longer echo time (TE) were useful in distinguishing the tumor from secondary
      changes.

PMID- 3361629
TI  - Extensive breast calcification in renal failure.
AB  - Breast calcification is an important mammographic finding. The appearance and
      pattern of calcification may be quite specific, reflecting either benign or
      malignant disease. This article describes an unusual pattern of calcification
      seen in secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is necessary to recognize because of
      its benign nature.

PMID- 3361630
TI  - Pedicled scrotal skin advancement for one-stage anterior urethral reconstruction
      in circumcised patients.
AB  - A 1-stage anterior urethral reconstruction technique based on the principle of
      scrotal septum pedicled skin tube advancement is described. In addition to the
      usual indications for urethral reconstructions, this procedure is useful for the
      treatment of associated severe urethral stricture and curvature of the erect
      penis.

PMID- 3361631
TI  - Urge incontinence can be a disease of bladder sensors.
AB  - In many cases of urge incontinence the pathophysiology is unclear. Detrusor
      instability, detrusor hyperreflexia, urethral instability and poor sensory
      perception all have been suggested as requirements for urge incontinence. Sensory
      perception, as proposed recently, may be mediated by 2 bladder sensors. The first
      sensor, located at the trigone and posterior urethra, is sensitive to small
      changes in pressure and may function as an early warning system of bladder
      filling. In the diagnostic evaluation of urge incontinence 5 patients had a triad
      of absence of the first sensor, an intact second sensor, that is the urge to void
      when the bladder is stretched with fluid, and normal spontaneous detrusor
      contraction. Based upon these findings it is suggested that some instances of
      urge incontinence result when the early warning system fails and detrusor
      contraction occurs just shortly after the second sensor is stimulated. Detrusor
      instability was identified in 3 of the 5 patients with urge incontinence, and
      when present it was associated with urinary frequency. Thus, 2 forms of urge
      incontinence may be associated with loss of the first sensor: 1 with and the
      other without associated frequency, with the difference being the presence or
      absence of detrusor instability.

PMID- 3361632
TI  - Ureteral stenosis after silver nitrate instillation in the treatment of essential
      hematuria.
AB  - We report a case of ureteral stenosis after retrograde intrapelvic instillation
      of silver nitrate. To our knowledge this case represents the first serious
      complication with this therapy, resulting from the use of excessive
      concentrations. The use of silver nitrate in the urinary tract is reviewed.

PMID- 3361633
TI  - Etiology of acute scrotum in 100 boys with regard to age distribution.
AB  - A review of 100 boys less than 15 years old who were hospitalized for an acute
      scrotum revealed that the most common causes of the disorder were testicular
      torsion, including torsion of the spermatic cord (42 per cent) and torsion of the
      appendages (32 per cent). The remaining 26 per cent of the cases were owing to
      idiopathic scrotal edema (8 per cent), epididymitis and orchitis (6 per cent
      each), and incarcerated hernia and acute hematocele (3 per cent each). The age
      distribution of these children was biphasic, with the highest frequency in
      newborns (with exclusively extravaginal torsion) and in boys 13 years old,
      whereas in boys with appendiceal torsion the single peak frequency was at age 10
      years. While idiopathic scrotal edema occurred in children less than 7 years old
      and orchitis in patients more than 12 years old, epididymitis was observed in
      young boys and those of pubertal age.

PMID- 3361634
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3361635
TI  - Penile prostheses.

PMID- 3361636
TI  - Cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis: endoscopic management.
AB  - We report 2 cases of renal cholesteatoma, 1 of which was associated with inactive
      renal tuberculosis and the other with urinary stone disease. Both cases were
      managed by endourological techniques. The diagnosis of cholesteatoma was
      suspected at ureteroscopic examination of the renal pelvis and it was confirmed
      by histological examination of biopsy material in both cases. Treatment consisted
      of endoscopic extraction of the keratinous debris from the collecting system. In
      1 case this was achieved with the ureteroscope and in the other case the
      nephroscope was used.

PMID- 3361637
TI  - Giant hydronephrosis presenting as unilateral iliofemoral vein thrombosis.
AB  - We report a case of left iliofemoral vein thrombosis with extension to the
      inferior vena cava associated with giant right hydronephrosis secondary to
      ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Surgery revealed marked infrarenal vena caval
      compression and deviation to the left side caused by the dilated right renal
      pelvis, with resultant kinking of the origin of the left iliac vein. It is
      postulated that the reduction in blood flow caused by this compression and
      distortion predisposed this patient to venous thrombosis.

PMID- 3361638
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostomy for treatment of hydronephrosis of pregnancy.
AB  - Hydronephrosis of pregnancy is a common phenomenon that rarely requires invasive
      intervention. We describe a young woman with markedly obstructive hydronephrosis
      of pregnancy causing forniceal extravasation who was treated successfully by
      percutaneous nephrostomy. The rationale of such intervention and its advantages
      over retrograde ureteral catheterization or stenting are discussed.

PMID- 3361639
TI  - Percutaneous intrarenal marsupialization of a perirenal cystic collection-
      endocystolysis.
AB  - We report a case of a recurrent perirenal cyst after 4 previous attempts to
      obliterate the cyst by more conventional means percutaneously and by open
      surgery. Endocystolysis, a technique for the internal marsupialization of a cyst
      into the renal collecting system, was used successfully to obliterate the cyst.
      This case and the technique of endocystolysis are described in detail.

PMID- 3361640
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein: a case report.
AB  - We report a rare case of leiomyosarcoma of the renal vein. There have been only 5
      other such cases reported in the literature. Special attention is focused on the
      diagnostic problems and the paucity of presenting symptoms. The literature is
      reviewed briefly.

PMID- 3361641
TI  - Danazol in the treatment of ureteral endometriosis.
AB  - We report 2 cases of ureteral endometriosis in which initial hormonal management,
      including danazol, failed to reverse or to stop the progressing ureteral
      stenosis. After reviewing the various methods of treatment presented in the
      literature we conclude that solid documentation of the effect of danazol against
      ureteral endometriosis is lacking. To preserve kidney function we recommend
      resection of the affected portion of the ureter.

PMID- 3361642
TI  - Bladder calculi in women after urethrovesical suspension.
AB  - There have been a number of reports recently on vesical calculi in women with a
      history of gynecological procedures. Within 1 year we encountered 2 patients with
      vesical calculi after vesicourethral suspension performed with concomitant
      hysterectomy. These calculi formed on a retained intravesical suture and a
      monofilament knitted polypropylene pledget, and they produced interesting
      pathological and radiographic findings.

PMID- 3361643
TI  - Couple sex therapy for dysfunctions associated with congenital penile curvature.
AB  - Three couples presented to our clinic with congenital ventral curvature of the
      penis resulting in unconsummated marriage in 2 cases and dyspareunia in 1.
      Intensive sex therapy was initiated, including use of vaginal dilators for
      vaginismus and dyspareunia, sex education, sensate focus exercises, and sexual
      techniques and methods to increase communication. Two highly motivated couples
      succeeded in having painless, normal, pleasurable sexual relations after short
      term sex therapy. The problems of couple 3 were compounded by the wife's admitted
      lesbianism. However, this patient insisted on corrective surgery for her husband
      but she divorced him shortly thereafter. This nonsurgical approach for the
      treatment of sexual dysfunction secondary to penile curvature appears to be
      effective in selected cases. When corrective surgery is undertaken sex therapy is
      recommended to reinforce the operative results.

PMID- 3361644
TI  - Therapy of primary diffuse large cell lymphoma of the penis with preservation of
      function.
AB  - Only 7 cases of primary lymphoma of the penis have been described previously. We
      report a case of diffuse large cell lymphoma of the glans penis. The clinical
      features, histology and management of these cases are reviewed. The previously
      reported cases were treated with surgical resection or radiotherapy resulting in
      some degree of local morbidity. Our patient achieved complete remission after
      only 1 cycle of chemotherapy. The benefits of chemotherapy over surgery or
      radiotherapy for primary lymphoma of the penis are discussed.

PMID- 3361645
TI  - A male subject with 3 Y chromosomes (48, XYYY): a case report.
AB  - We describe a male subject with 3 Y chromosomes who presented with complaints of
      lack of sexual desire and failure to achieve rigid erection. The patient was tall
      and had markedly incurved little fingers on both hands as well as small testes.
      Karyotype was 48, XYYY. The patient's parents had normal karyotypes.
      Endocrinological profile suggested a primary functional disturbance of the
      gonads. Testicular biopsy demonstrated atrophic seminiferous tubules without
      spermatogenesis. To our knowledge this case represents the third instance of a
      man with an 48, XYYY karyotype without mosaicism.

PMID- 3361646
TI  - Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.
AB  - There have been 33 previously reported cases of papillary cystadenoma of the
      epididymis. To our knowledge we report the first case of this benign neoplasm in
      Scandinavia. The cystic tumor occurred unilaterally in a 44-year-old man who had
      no signs of von Hippel-Lindau's syndrome or infertility. Papillary cystadenoma of
      the epididymis must be distinguished from neoplasms of the testis, particularly
      teratoma.

PMID- 3361647
TI  - Emphysematous prostatitis and cystitis secondary to Candida albicans.
AB  - Emphysematous cystitis is characterized by gas collection within the bladder wall
      and lumen. Often it is the result of aerobic urinary tract infections but it may
      be caused by gastrointestinal fistulas or iatrogenic surgical and diagnostic
      instrumentation. We report a case of emphysematous cystitis owing to Candida
      albicans with the incidental finding of emphysematous changes within the prostate
      gland.

PMID- 3361648
TI  - Desmopressin control of surgical hemorrhage secondary to prolonged bleeding time.
AB  - Desmopressin has been used as a hemostatic agent in numerous hematological and
      nonhematological diseases. We report a case of surgical hemorrhage secondary to
      prolonged bleeding time of unexplained origin controlled with desmopressin.

PMID- 3361649
TI  - Re: The continent urinary diversion.

PMID- 3361650
TI  - Re: Evaluation of erectile dysfunction with continuous monitoring of penile
      rigidity.

PMID- 3361651
TI  - Frozen section lymph node analysis in pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer.

PMID- 3361652
TI  - Re: Does transurethral resection of the prostate promote metastatic disease?

PMID- 3361653
TI  - Nuclear roundness factor measurement for assessment of prognosis of patients with
      prostatic carcinoma. I. Testing of a digitization system.
AB  - Standard pathological grading systems for prostatic carcinoma based upon
      glandular architectural pattern or nuclear anaplasia have failed to predict the
      prognosis of individual patients. Quantitative morphometric analysis of nuclear
      shape has predicted the outcome of patients with prostatic carcinoma when
      evaluated by some but not all reported studies. Calculation of nuclear roundness
      factor by different investigators was complicated by equipment differences and
      lack of standardized methods for acquiring and reporting data. We have improved
      our system for nuclear contour digitization and determined its theoretical
      limitations by digitizing standardized objects. Measurement errors were
      independent of orientation or location of an object within a microscopic or
      digitizer tablet field, speed of digitization and introduction of a microscope
      extension tube and light emitting diode cursor. Perimeters and areas of circles
      and squares of actual or digitizer-projected diameter or sidelength greater than
      five mm. were measured with a reproducibility and accuracy of greater than or
      equal to 90%. When a microscopic circle of diameter similar to prostatic
      carcinoma nuclei was digitized at a magnification of 2580 X, perimeter and area
      measurements differed within or between observers by less than 5% and were more
      than 95% accurate. In order to calculate accurately and evaluate NRF for use in
      assessing the prognosis of patients with prostatic carcinoma investigators must
      precisely describe their digitization system, standardization method and observer
      reproducibility and accuracy when measuring circles that approximate the
      projected size of prostatic carcinoma nuclei.

PMID- 3361654
TI  - Anti-tumor effect of tumor necrosis factor and its induction of tumor variant of
      MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potential anti-tumor agent, was
      assessed both in vivo and in vitro against MBT-2 transitional cell carcinoma of
      the bladder in C3H/HeHa mice. Systemic administration of either single or
      multiple doses of TNF into tumor bearing animals resulted in partial tumor
      regression and had a consistent but transient anti-tumor effect. Compared to
      control, untreated tumor bearing animals, TNF-treated tumor bearing mice had
      significantly smaller tumor volumes and slower tumor growth rates over the period
      of 12 days following TNF inoculation. No significant difference in tumor volumes
      and tumor growth rates between controls and TNF-inoculated mice was observed from
      day 12 to day 21 after TNF treatment. Assessment of TNF cytotoxicity against in
      vitro MBT-2 cell line using 3[H]-thymidine proliferation assay showed significant
      sensitivity of MBT-2 cells to treatment with TNF. A "Variant" MBT-2 cell line was
      derived by sequential culturing of the original MBT-2 cells in the presence of
      progressively higher concentrations of TNF in culture medium. Although the
      significant growth suppression on the MBT-2 tumor appears to be transient,
      further studies are warranted which may elucidate the immunologic and biologic
      behavior of TNF and this transplantable animal tumor.

PMID- 3361655
TI  - Hydration properties of urinary compounds obtained from normal and stone former
      individuals. An NMR study.
AB  - Proton magnetic resonance measurements were performed on lyophilized urine
      samples collected from 10 recurrent calcium oxalate stone former (SF) patients,
      10 thiazide treated (TSF) patients and 14 normal (N) individuals. T1 and T2
      relaxation times were measured with a Bruker PC Multispec at 20 MHz and 37C on
      the lyophilized sample and thereafter during gradual controlled rehydration. The
      prolongation of the relaxation times was found to be significantly different (p
      less than 0.001) for the SF and N groups, while it was similar for the SF and TSF
      groups. Water compartmentalization was then calculated according to the Fast
      Proton Infusion model. After the addition of similar amounts of water,
      significantly (p less than 0.01) different hydration fraction (HF) and fraction
      bound (FB) values were calculated for the N and SF groups, while similar values
      were obtained for the SF and TSF groups. The results reflect differences in the
      urinary contents and/or properties of N and SF groups. It seems that there are
      more hydrophilic compounds in the urine of N individuals than in that of SFs. It
      can be speculated that the urinary macromolecules of SFs differ from those of Ns
      in the amount of water binding sites and in the water multilayer thickness
      surrounding them. The present results point to possible pathogenic differences
      between SF and N individuals.

PMID- 3361656
TI  - Relationship between tumor size and the curability of metastatic prostatic cancer
      by surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy.
AB  - The MAT-Lu subline of the Dunning R3327 system of rat prostatic adenocarcinomas
      universally metastasizes to the lungs of untreated recipient hosts. The MAT-Lu
      cancer was implanted into the hind leg of animals and the primary tumor was
      allowed to grow to various sizes before the tumor bearing leg was surgically
      removed. These studies demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between
      the size of the primary tumor at the time of surgical removal and the number of
      metastases already established in the lungs. Once the primary MAT-Lu reaches a
      size of greater than or equal to 0.5 cc, greater than or equal to 50% of all
      inoculated animals already have established lung metastases and are thus not
      cured by surgery alone. In an attempt to increase the cure rates, adjuvant
      chemotherapy (cytoxan given at a dose of 90 mg./kg. body weight) was used in
      combination with surgery. These studies demonstrated that if chemotherapy was
      given by itself to animals bearing macroscopically established (greater than or
      equal to 0.5 cc) MAT-Lu cancers, no animals could be cured. In direct contrast,
      by combining the same intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy with the removal of the
      primary MAT-Lu cancer, cures could be produced in high (greater than 90%)
      frequency, but only if this combinational approach was simultaneously initiated
      when the primary tumor was less than 2 cc in size. If the primary MAT-Lu cancer
      was allowed to grow to too large a size before surgery (greater than 2 cc) or if
      the chemotherapy was delayed following surgery (both processes allowing the
      metastatic tumor burden to increase before initiating adjuvant chemotherapy), the
      ability of the adjuvant chemotherapy to cure the host of its metastatic tumor
      burden is lost. These results demonstrate that the MAT-Lu rat prostatic cancer,
      like human prostatic cancer, is not effectively treated by chemotherapy alone or
      by adjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery if the treatment is given too late
      in the course of the disease. These studies emphasize the critical requirement of
      combining surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy as early as possible in the treatment
      of metastatic prostatic cancer in order to minimize the total metastatic tumor
      burden and maximize the possibility of cure.

PMID- 3361657
TI  - Stone fragility--a new therapeutic distinction.
AB  - The ESWL retreatment rates for calculi of 1.1 to 3.0 cm. varied according to
      stone composition: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) 10.3%, calcium oxalate
      dihydrate (COD) 2.8%, struvite/apatite calculi 6.4%. Fine detail in-vitro
      radiographs of approximately equal sized calculi composed of COM, COD, struvite,
      brushite, uric acid and cystine showed structural differences which may account
      for differences in their fragility. The same six calculi were fragmented in vitro
      in the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor by 200 shocks at 18 KV and the percent weight of
      each calculus able to be filtered through a two mm. sieve was determined; COD and
      uric acid (100%); COM (64%); struvite (57%); brushite (47%); cystine (16%). The
      linear density of these calculi, measured by single photon emission
      absorbtiometry, correlated with radio-density, not fragility. Calculi of varying
      composition respond differently to shock wave fragmentation. The assessment of
      the capability of ESWL to fragment a stone will determine the size stone selected
      for treatment. Therefore, "stone fragility" is a new distinction which deserves
      to be included in the conversation about urinary calculi.

PMID- 3361658
TI  - Monotherapy of staghorn renal calculi: a comparative study between percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3361659
TI  - New generator for low pressure lithotripsy with the Dornier HM3: preliminary
      experience of 2 centers.
AB  - The technical innovation of a low pressure generator with a standard ellipsoid
      installed into the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor leads to a decrease in pressure at
      the second focus by 30 per cent. The preliminary experience with 273 patients
      treated at 2 centers is presented. The success rate in terms of stone
      disintegration was similar compared to the old generator (96 versus 97 per cent).
      However, the rate of secondary treatments increased from 8 to 15.5 per cent,
      respectively. Owing to the lower peak pressures at the second focus, an
      additional 700 impulses per session were necessary. The method of anesthesia was
      changed to a combination of an anxiolytic and analgesic drug in the majority of
      the patients. Treatment was judged as free of pain or with easily tolerable pain
      in 93 and 88 per cent of the patients, respectively.

PMID- 3361660
TI  - Small caliceal stones: is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy justified?
AB  - Of 446 patients treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 22 had small
      nonobstructive caliceal stones associated with lumbar or flank pain. Size (less
      than 1 cm.) and location of the stone did not explain the severity of the
      symptoms, nor would they have been an indication for open or percutaneous stone
      removal. Followup consisted of a sonogram and a film of the kidneys, ureters and
      bladder on postoperative day 1, a film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder 2
      weeks after treatment, and a film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder and/or
      excretory urography after 3 months for patients with residual stone fragments.
      All patients were interviewed 3 to 15 months after treatment to ascertain the
      resolution or persistence of the symptoms. After extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy, 3 of 22 patients had persistent stone fragments for more than 3
      months: 2 reported no change and 1 had marked improvement of the symptoms. Of the
      remaining 19 patients 15 (79 per cent) had complete resolution of the pain and 4
      (21 per cent) had significant symptomatic improvement. Thus, 20 of 22 patients
      (91 per cent) achieved complete or significant relief of pain. The only
      complication was a perirenal hematoma that resolved spontaneously. These results
      indicate that small, nonobstructive caliceal stones can be responsible for
      persistent, severe flank pain. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an
      effective, noninvasive treatment for caliceal stones and it can be justified as
      therapeutic treatment when the correlation between a small caliceal stone and
      persistent flank pain is indeterminable.

PMID- 3361661
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the prone position: treatment of stones
      in the distal ureter or anomalous kidney.
AB  - A total of 15 patients underwent ESWL using the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor with the
      patient in the prone position. The stones were in the distal ureter over the
      sacroiliac joint in 10 patients, 8 of whom had undergone unsuccessful
      ureteroscopic manipulation. Two patients had horseshoe kidneys with stones that
      were too anterior to permit accurate targeting with the patient in the standard
      supine position. One patient had a solitary stone in a pelvic kidney and 1 had an
      obstructing ureteropelvic junction stone in a crossed ectopic kidney. The final
      patient had a reconstructed lower urinary tract with a stone at 1 of the
      ureterointestinal anastomoses. Excellent pulverization was achieved in all
      patients after only 1 prone ESWL treatment. One patient required temporary
      percutaneous nephrostomy after ESWL and 1 may require retrograde manipulation of
      fragments at the ureterovesical junction. No patient had melena, and other than
      temporary ileus in 1 patient who had concurrent supine ESWL of renal calculi, no
      gastrointestinal complications were seen. All but 1 patient were free of stones 1
      month after prone ESWL. Prone ESWL prevents blockage of shock wave energy by the
      bony pelvis, because the shock waves enter anteriorly and exit posteriorly. ESWL
      with the patient in the prone position is a safe and effective treatment of
      calculi in the distal ureter or anomalous kidney.

PMID- 3361662
TI  - Treatment of prevesical ureteral calculi by extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy.
AB  - Since August 1985 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has been performed in 39
      patients with prevesical ureteral stones, including 3 with steinstrasse after
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of kidney stones. Female patients less than
      40 years old were excluded because of the theoretical possibility of harm to the
      ovary by shock waves. Via a modified technique with the patient in a flat
      position, x-rays and shock waves enter through the foramen obturatum. High total
      power (high number of shocks and high kilovoltage) led to complete stone
      disintegration and a success rate of 95 per cent was achieved. While
      ureterorenoscopy should be more restricted, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      is the method of choice for the treatment of distal ureteral stones.

PMID- 3361663
TI  - Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord
      injury patients.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of low doses of botulinum A toxin, an inhibitor of
      acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, to denervate and relax the
      spastic rhabdosphincter in 11 men with spinal cord injury and detrusor-sphincter
      dyssynergia. Toxin concentration, injection volume, percutaneous versus
      cystoscopic injection of the sphincter and number of injections were evaluated in
      3 treatment protocols. All 10 patients evaluated by electromyography after
      injection showed signs of sphincter denervation. Bulbosphincteric reflexes in the
      10 patients evaluated after injection were more difficult to obtain, and they
      showed a decreased amplitude and normal latency. The urethral pressure profile in
      the 7 patients in whom it was measured before and after treatment decreased an
      average of 27 cm. water after toxin injections. Post-void residual urine volume
      decreased by an average of 146 cc after the toxin injections in 8 patients. In
      the 8 patients for whom it could be determined toxin effects lasted an average of
      50 days. The toxin also decreased autonomic dysreflexia in 5 patients.

PMID- 3361664
TI  - Treatment of complications of cyclophosphamide cystitis.
AB  - Since 1976, 23 patients with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis were treated.
      These patients presented with a variety of urinary problems, including
      incontinence, hematuria and vesicoureteral reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux was
      found in 9 patients, hydronephrosis in 4 and a contracted fibrotic bladder in 3.
      Of the 23 patients 18 had undergone a combination of radiation and
      cyclophosphamide therapy. Based on this experience a general outline is developed
      for evaluation and treatment of patients with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis
      and its potentially severe complications.

PMID- 3361665
TI  - Urine: a suitable sample for deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry studies in
      patients with bladder cancer.
AB  - Deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry of bladder washings has proved to be a
      valuable procedure for the diagnosis and followup of patients with transitional
      cell carcinoma. However, for this procedure to gain maximal acceptance, it should
      be possible to use voided urine specimens instead of bladder washings. To
      evaluate this possibility we compared histogram findings for 114 bladder washings
      and 122 concomitantly obtained urine samples (voided and catheterized) from 89
      consecutive patients who had active or a history of transitional cell carcinoma.
      Unsatisfactory histograms were obtained in 4 per cent of the urine samples and in
      2.6 per cent of the bladder washing samples. The satisfactory rate for voided or
      catheterized urine samples was the same. We conclude that in this patient
      population satisfactory deoxyribonucleic acid histograms can be obtained from
      samples of voided urine.

PMID- 3361666
TI  - Long-term followup of patients less than 30 years old with transitional cell
      carcinoma of bladder.
AB  - A review of our records between 1970 and 1986 identified 22 patients with
      transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were less than 31 years old. Of
      these patients 7 were less than 20 years old (group 1) and 15 were 20 to 30 years
      old (group 2). The tumors usually were of low grade and low stage. Patients in
      group 1 had no recurrences, whereas 6 patients (40 per cent) in group 2 had
      recurrences. Upstaging occurred in 2 patients with tumor recurrence. It would
      appear that while transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients less
      than 20 years old has a more favorable prognosis, in patients 20 to 30 years old
      the prognosis is poorer and similar to that observed in older patients.

PMID- 3361667
TI  - Results of 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations on the
      treatment of superficial bladder tumors.
AB  - We evaluated 104 patients with superficial bladder tumors for response to
      intravesical bacillus Calmett-Guerin therapy. Patients received 6 weekly
      intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations and they were followed for
      response every 3 months with urinary cytology, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy.
      Patients were considered treatment failures if either the cytology studies or
      biopsies were positive for tumor. Of 65 patients who failed the initial treatment
      course 57 were given an additional 6-week course of therapy. One 6-week course of
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin was successful in 20 of 55 patients (36 per cent)
      treated for prophylaxis, 12 of 32 (37 per cent) treated for carcinoma in situ and
      7 of 17 (41 per cent) treated for residual tumor. The response rate for the total
      patient population treated with 1, 6-week course was 37.5 per cent (39 of 104). A
      second 6-week course was successful in 19 of 29 patients (65 per cent) treated
      for prophylaxis, 11 of 18 (71 per cent) treated for carcinoma in situ and 4 of 10
      (40 per cent) treated for residual tumor. The response rate for all patients
      receiving a second course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin was 59.6 per cent (34 of
      57). Of 6 patients who refused another 6-week course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      4 had additional recurrences and 3 of these 4 suffered invasive disease. The over
      all therapeutic response rate for patients treated with either 6 or 12 weeks of
      therapy was 70 per cent. These results suggest that 6 weeks of intravesical
      bacillus Calmette-Guerin do not provide optimal therapy for superficial bladder
      tumors. The data further suggest that more intensive regimens may increase
      therapeutic efficacy.

PMID- 3361668
TI  - Prognostic factors in patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin
      for superficial bladder cancer.
AB  - Several factors were evaluated for prognostic significance in 104 patients with a
      history of recurrent superficial bladder cancer treated with a 6-week course of
      intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Purified protein derivative skin test
      reactivity, tumor stage, tumor grade and number of previous tumor recurrences
      were evaluated in all patients. In addition, the prognostic value of a
      granulomatous response in the bladder was evaluated in 62 of the 104 patients. A
      significant correlation was reconfirmed between purified protein derivative
      reactivity and status free of tumor (p equals 0.041) after additional followup on
      62 patients from a previous report. A significant correlation also was observed
      in the total patient population (p equals 0.054). Over-all, 60 per cent of the 62
      patients and 52 per cent of the 104 patients whose purified protein derivative
      test converted from negative to positive remained free of tumor, compared to only
      28 per cent of the 62 patients and 28 per cent of the 104 whose test failed to
      convert to positive. Mean followup was 29.3 +/- 5.7 months in the 62 patient
      subgroup and 23.5 +/- 5.8 months in the total 104 patients. Bladder granuloma
      data were available only for the 62 patient subgroup in the previous report. With
      extended followup, the significant correlation previously reported between status
      free of tumor and granulomatous response on bladder biopsy was lost. Over-all, 29
      of 37 patients (51 per cent) with granulomas compared to 8 of 25 (32 per cent)
      without granulomas remained free of tumor (p equals 0.132). Tumor stage and
      grade, and number of previous tumor recurrences failed to show a significant
      correlation to status free of tumor. These results show that with extended
      followup, granulomatous response in the bladder lost its statistical correlation
      with status free of tumor, while a significant correlation was maintained for
      purified protein derivative responsiveness. This level of statistical
      significance was borderline and the purified protein derivative skin test
      response should not be considered useful as a prognostic indicator in individual
      patients.

PMID- 3361669
TI  - The inflatable penile prosthesis: clinical experience with a new controlled
      expansion cylinder.
AB  - Controlled expansion inflatable penile prosthetic cylinders were implanted in 63
      patients with erectile dysfunction from September 1983 through January 1986. The
      majority of these patients previously had received standard inflatable cylinders.
      To study the efficacy of these new cylinders, revision with the controlled
      expansion cylinder was used in various conditions, with aneurysmal dilatation of
      the corpora cavernosa being the most common cause for cylinder replacement.
      Controlled expansion cylinders were used for revision after cylinder leaks and
      for penile straightening procedures as well as in the primary treatment of
      impotence. During our 3-year followup of these patients there have been no
      recurrences of the primary problem that necessitated the revision.

PMID- 3361670
TI  - Clinical experience with a self-contained inflatable penile implant: the Flexi
      Flate.
AB  - We implanted 23 Flexi-Flate penile prostheses during a 15-month period beginning
      July 1985. Of the implants 22 were followed for a mean of 16.1 months and 19 (86
      per cent) function well. Satisfaction of individuals with a functioning
      prosthesis, as determined by interview and questionnaire (79 per cent response
      rate), has been good. Deflation sometimes occurs with penile shaft bending during
      sexual activity but this is managed satisfactorily by most couples via technique
      adjustments with minimal disruption of enjoyment. Reliable preoperative
      prosthesis size selection based on pubis to mid glans measurements was not
      possible in our hands secondary to broad variation in intracorporeal lengths
      found in the population studied.

PMID- 3361671
TI  - Eleven years of experience with the inflatable penile prosthesis.
AB  - The 11-year experience with 395 consecutive patients in whom an inflatable
      prosthesis was implanted for the treatment of chronic erectile impotence is
      reported. Among these patients the most common etiology was vascular disease,
      followed by diabetes mellitus and radical pelvic surgery. The original American
      Medical Systems prosthesis with PPT cylinders shows a 61 per cent complication
      and revision rate with followup from 3 to 11 years. The newer inflatable
      prostheses manufactured since 1983 have needed revision in only 13 per cent of
      the patients followed to 4 years. Salvage procedures and increased product
      reliability have resulted in 97 per cent of the patients being satisfied. Five
      types of inflatable prostheses are compared and advantages are discussed.

PMID- 3361673
TI  - Evaluation of patients and partners 1 to 4 years after penile prosthesis surgery.
AB  - One to 4 years after penile prosthesis implantation 52 men and 22 partners were
      interviewed personally. All except 4 patients were having intercourse on a
      regular basis. A quarter of the patients reported restriction in intercourse
      positions, possibly because of a smaller penis postoperatively, and 15 per cent
      reported decreased orgasm intensity. Six men had an undiagnosed prosthesis
      malfunction or they used an inadequate pumping technique, suggesting that
      prosthesis patients should be followed on a continuing basis. The 52 men had
      experienced 10 malfunctions with the prosthesis. Partial erections were reported
      by 69 per cent of the patients but this could be confirmed in only 1 of 10 with
      visual sexual stimulation testing. It is suggested that differences between
      prosthesis models are more a result of psychological, relationship and health
      factors than mechanical factors. Of the patients 79 per cent would undergo the
      operation again but only 59 per cent of the partners had no hesitations. The
      longer the postoperative period the more hesitations. A satisfaction score was
      used to measure patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3361672
TI  - Infectious complications of penile prosthesis surgery.
AB  - Penile prosthetic surgery has become an increasingly common procedure. However,
      infection of the prosthesis remains a significant complication that almost always
      results in loss of the device. We present our 10-year experience with 9 infected
      prostheses among 417 total penile implants, for an over-all incidence of
      infectious complications of 2.2 per cent. A strict, broad-spectrum antibiotic
      schedule was adhered to rigidly by all patients, beginning preoperatively and
      continuing for a total of 10 days of perioperative coverage. Staphylococcus
      species were cultured in 56 per cent of the infected patients and in 100 per cent
      of the patients with positive cultures. Spinal cord injury patients showed a
      particular predisposition to prosthetic infection, with a 15 per cent incidence
      of infectious complications. Two other patients became infected after dental
      procedures and the need for routine antibiotic prophylaxis in the penile
      prosthesis patient is emphasized. Urinary tract instrumentation at the time of
      prosthetic implantation, whether planned or incidental, also appears to add a
      potentially avoidable risk for subsequent infection.

PMID- 3361674
TI  - Aspiration and tetracycline sclerotherapy of hydroceles.
AB  - Aspiration and sclerotherapy of hydroceles have been considered an effective
      outpatient procedure. We report on our experience with modification of this
      procedure in the treatment of 28 hydroceles. A 10 per cent solution of
      tetracycline hydrochloride was used as the sclerosant. In this series the mean
      followup was 15 months and there was an over-all 93 per cent success rate. A
      single treatment was successful in 75 per cent of the hydroceles. Complications
      included a hematoma in 2 patients and epididymitis in 1. We consider aspiration
      and sclerotherapy of hydroceles to be a reasonable alternative to an operation.

PMID- 3361675
TI  - The volume and anatomical location of residual tumor in radical prostatectomy
      specimens removed for stage A1 prostate cancer.
AB  - A detailed histological analysis of 21 prostatectomy specimens for stage A1
      disease was performed. Three cases (14 per cent) demonstrated no tumor, although
      all had foci of severe dysplasia. Of the prostates 18 (86 per cent) contained
      residual tumor: 13 (62 per cent) had minimal residual tumor and 5 (24 per cent)
      had substantial tumor. The residual carcinoma in the prostates with minimal tumor
      was predominantly in the apex of the gland or peripherally adjacent to the
      capsule such that complete removal by repeat transurethral resection would have
      been unlikely. Of the 5 specimens with substantial tumor, although some would
      have been upstaged by repeat transurethral resection, others would have remained
      stage A1 because of the peripheral location of the residual tumor. Within the
      definition of stage A1, using either the percentage of tumor involvement, weight
      of tumor or number of tumor foci in the transurethral resection specimen, one
      could not predict whether the prostatectomy specimen would have no, minimal or
      substantial residual tumor. Postoperatively, all patients are continent and 93
      per cent are potent. Because some men with stage A1 carcinoma of the prostate
      will have substantial residual tumor not necessarily detected by repeat
      transurethral resection and the majority will have minimal residual tumor, which
      also appears to have an increased long-term risk of progression, radical
      prostatectomy should remain an option in the management of relatively young men
      with stage A1 disease.

PMID- 3361676
TI  - Tumor volume versus percentage of specimen involved by tumor correlated with
      progression in stage A prostatic cancer.
AB  - Previous studies from this institution have shown that in untreated stage A
      prostate cancer when 5 per cent of the specimen or less was involved by tumor
      (stage A1) only 2 per cent of the patients had progression at 4 years. Of the
      specimens with greater than 5 per cent cancer (stage A2) 33 per cent had
      progression at 4 years. More recently, we have shown that 16 per cent of the men
      with stage A1 disease who remained at risk for 8 years or longer after diagnosis
      had progression of disease despite a small percentage of the specimen involved by
      tumor. To address whether the actual volume of tumor resected may be a better
      predictor of progression than the percentage of the specimen involved by tumor
      the data from these studies were re-evaluated. We demonstrated that at 4 and 8
      years of followup the percentage of the specimen and resected tumor volume were
      strongly associated with tumor progression, with the percentage of the specimen
      showing a stronger association especially at 4 years. Our study reaffirms the use
      of the percentage of resected tissue involved by tumor as a means to distinguish
      between stages A1 and A2 prostate cancer. Although at 8 years the distinction
      between stages A1 and A2 disease is blurred, this staging classification still is
      useful to identify those tumors with a relatively indolent course and a minimal
      short-term risk of progression from those that are more aggressive.

PMID- 3361678
TI  - Pelvic lipomatosis: 35-year experience.
AB  - From 1950 through 1985, 18 patients 26 to 65 years old (mean age 44.5 years)
      presented with pelvic lipomatosis. Followup ranged from 6 months to 17 years,
      with a mean of 7.5 years. Of these 18 patients 16 (89 per cent) are alive, 1 (6
      per cent) died of uremia and 1 (6 per cent) was lost to followup after 6 months.
      During this period 7 patients (39 per cent) required operative procedures for
      urinary obstruction. Although pelvic lipomatosis is a benign proliferation of fat
      in the true pelvis that is known to lead to urinary tract, fecal and even vena
      caval obstruction, it also may remain dormant and cause no significant symptoms
      for many years.

PMID- 3361677
TI  - Urinary glycosaminoglycans in normal subjects and patients with stones.
AB  - Urinary glycosaminoglycans are thought to be macromolecular inhibitors of calcium
      stone formation. The 24-hour excretion of urinary glycosaminoglycans was measured
      quantitatively in 24 normal subjects and 206 patients with different etiologies
      of stone disease. In both groups a positive correlation was found between urinary
      glycosaminoglycans and total urinary volume and urinary sulfate. In normal
      subjects total urinary volume was r equals 0.716, p less than 0.001 and urinary
      sulfate was r equals 0.813, p less than 0.001, while in patients with stones
      these values were r equals 0.338, p less than 0.001 and r equals 0.326, p less
      than 0.001, respectively. The only significant difference in excretion of urinary
      glycosaminoglycans between the groups was found in the subgroup of patients with
      type I absorptive hypercalciuria. The type I absorptive hypercalciuria value of
      33.4 +/- 14.9 mg. per day in patients with stones was significantly higher than
      the 25.8 +/- 8.3 mg. per day detected in normal subjects (p less than 0.05).
      Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion in all other subgroups of nephrolithiasis as
      well as in a combined group of all patients with stones showed no significant
      difference when compared to that of normal subjects. Thus, no major quantitative
      relationship could be demonstrated between urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion
      and calcium stone formation in this study.

PMID- 3361680
TI  - Nutrition support practice: a study of factors inherent in the delivery of
      nutrition support services.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of intercorrelation among
      dietitian, physician, and team nutrition support functions. Eight hundred and
      eighty dietitians and physicians were asked to respond to a questionnaire
      describing nutrition support functions as reported in the literature and
      validated by a panel of nutrition support physicians and dietitians. Two hundred
      and fifty-four completed questionnaires were included in the study, 84 from
      physicians and 170 from dietitians. Intercorrelations among function statements
      were subjected to factor analysis. The magnitude and consistency of factor
      loadings suggest that nutrition support is not perceived as independent
      components, but as a comprehensive pattern or structure. However, there was one
      important difference in perception. The sample tended to have an "enteral"
      orientation to the dietitian role and a "parenteral" orientation to the physician
      and team roles. The data support the contention that all members of nutrition
      support teams need a common core of knowledge and a set of highly developed
      process skills which can best be attained through an integrated, rather than
      segmented, approach to team training.

PMID- 3361679
TI  - Elimination and metabolism of a fat emulsion containing medium chain
      triglycerides (lipofundin MCT 10%).
AB  - Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are supposed to be advantageous on account of
      rapid energy supply in parental nutrition. However, data on the elimination rate
      of MCT-containing emulsions during an intravenous fat-tolerance test (IVFTT) are
      scarce. We performed this test (0.1 g lipid/kg body weight) in 18 young healthy
      volunteers (nine females and nine males) using Lipofundin MCT 10% (50% MCT; egg
      phospholipids as emulsifier). Our results indicate that both elimination and
      metabolization of the emulsion are fast: a prompt decrease of light-scattering
      index and of triglyceride concentrations in serum, an immediate appearance of
      post-load fatty acids and of beta-hydroxybutyrate were observed. This was in good
      agreement with the findings obtained during 6-hr infusions in the same probands.
      Fractional elimination rates k2 obtained from light-scattering indices are 7.29
      +/- 2.73%/min in males and 11.59 +/- 3.38%/min in females, indicating a higher
      removal capacity in women. In the same subjects, the corresponding k2 values for
      Lipofundin S 10% (containing only long chain triglycerides) were higher,
      reflecting an elimination rate that is faster due to the use of soya bean
      phospholipids as emulsifier. In comparison, k2 values based on the course of the
      triglyceride concentrations are generally lower.

PMID- 3361681
TI  - Serum carnitine levels in normal individuals.
AB  - Serum carnitine levels have been measured in 178 samples from 75 normal
      volunteers. We report a wide range of values (10-70 mumol/liter and 8-74
      mumol/liter for free and acetylated carnitine, respectively) and a distinct
      difference between the ranges for males and females (p less than 0.001). There is
      also substantial, seemingly random fluctuation in any one individual's levels,
      when measured serially over several weeks.

PMID- 3361682
TI  - Plasma carotenoid profiles in normals and patients with cancer.
AB  - Most human cancers arise in epithelial tissues, which are critically dependent on
      vitamin A for normal differentiation and proliferation. Dietary carotenoids
      consist of individual retinoids--pro-vitamin A precursors and non-pro-vitamin A
      precursors-displaying different biological activity. Although epidemiological
      data suggest that low serum vitamin A levels were associated with an increased
      risk of cancer, it is not known whether one specific or all vitamin A carotenoids
      are involved. To assess whether the plasma carotenoids are related to the
      nutritional or cancer-bearing state, a study was conducted to measure total and
      individual carotenoids in four groups: cancer-bearing, malnourished; cancer
      bearing, well-nourished; non-cancer, malnourished; and well-nourished volunteers
      of comparable age and sex. There was no difference in total carotenoids and pro
      vitamin A precursors between the well-nourished--both normal volunteers and
      cancer patients. Malnourished cancer and non-cancer patients had significantly (p
      less than 0.05) lower value of both. Most of the circulating carotenoids in all
      groups were the non-pro-vitamin A precursors. Both malnourished cancer and non
      cancer patients had lower values than well-nourished (p less than 0.05).
      Differences were related to nutritional state, rather than presence of cancer.

PMID- 3361683
TI  - Tissue levels of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) in response to continuous
      intravenous multivitamin infusion.
AB  - Weanling rats were made vitamin E deficient over a 10-week course. Vitamin E was
      then provided at 4 IU/kg/day as a continuous infusion of the alpha-tocopherol in
      Berocca PN. Tissue samples of heart, lung, liver, and perinephric fat and plasma
      were analyzed for vitamin E levels at 24 and 72 hr. Compared to experimental
      controls that received a rat chow containing 372 IU/g mixed tocopherol, normal
      levels were achieved in the test group within 24 hr in plasma and liver. Lung and
      heart muscle levels were within the normal range by 24-72 hr, although
      significantly below the control level; fat levels did not normalize. Continuous
      infusion of vitamin E as tocopherol in a multivitamin preparation results in
      normal tissue levels in lung and liver in a fashion similar to that achieved by
      previously described methods of single bolus intravenous infusion or repeated
      subcutaneous injection.

PMID- 3361684
TI  - Cord blood amino acid concentrations from neonates of 23-41 weeks gestational
      age.
AB  - Amino acid concentrations were measured in the cord blood serum from neonates
      following 23-41 weeks gestation. These values were then correlated with the
      gestational age of the newborns. A significant (p less than 0.05) correlation was
      observed with the concentrations of six amino acids, and five of these
      correlations were negative. The significance of these normative data are
      discussed and compared with currently available cord blood aminogram data.

PMID- 3361685
TI  - Aluminum contamination of infant formulas.
AB  - This study aims to determine the extent of aluminum (Al) contamination in whole
      milk, milk formulas, and other nutrient products commonly used for infants.
      Similar products from different manufacturers and different lots were measured
      for Al using electrothermal atomic absorption technique. Aluminum measurements
      were made directly from the samples or after reconstitution or dilution with Al
      free water. Aluminum content was lowest (less than 50 micrograms/liter) in human
      milk, whole cow milk, and products that appear to require minimal manufacture
      processing and have few additives such as skim milk, cow milk with 2% fat,
      bottled glucose water, and sterile water. Highest Al levels (up to 2346
      micrograms/liter) were found in highly processed and modified formulas including
      soy formula, preterm infant formula, and formulas for specific metabolic
      disorders. Aluminum content of humanized cow milk formula and bottled glucose
      electrolyte solution were between the two ranges and usually less than 400
      micrograms/liter. There were no significant differences in Al content of similar
      products from different manufacturers. Liquid formula stored in glass bottles has
      highest Al content compared to that stored in steel cans or powder preparation of
      the same product (p less than 0.05). Thus there are marked differences in Al
      loading depending on the type of formula, whether it is a powder or liquid
      preparation and the type of storage container. We speculate that raw materials
      such as soybean, additives such as calcium and phosphorus, manufacturing
      processes and storage containers are potential sources of contamination of infant
      formulas.

PMID- 3361686
TI  - A safe technique for the insertion of Hickman catheter into the internal jugular
      vein.
AB  - A modified technique of inserting a Hickman catheter into the internal jugular
      vein is described. Instead of using a purse string suture, this technique
      involves the complete isolation of a short segment of the internal jugular vein
      and the application of bulldog vascular clamps above and below the site of
      venotomy. By such modification, the risk of intraoperative bleeding and air
      embolism is reduced, unilateral advancement of the catheter into the superior
      vena cava is ensured and the caliber of the vein is not narrowed.

PMID- 3361687
TI  - Effects of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular
      complications in the elderly.
AB  - The role of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs in cardiovascular
      complications was evaluated in 380 elderly people living in the Tokyo
      Metropolitan Gerontology Center. The subjects were classified into four groups
      according to the presence or absence of hypertension and their antihypertensive
      treatment, and followed up prospectively for 5 years from 1979 to 1984. The
      average age of each group was 74 to 76 years. Cerebrovascular disease was
      observed in 19.3% of male hypertensives and 10.1% of male normotensives (p =
      0.078). The drug treated group revealed no cerebral hemorrhage and less cerebral
      infarction. This tendency was not observed in females. Ischemic heart disease was
      prevalent in the drug treated group (10.9% vs 4.5%, p = 0.023) irrespective of
      blood pressure level. Risk factors such as body mass index, skinfold thickness,
      serum cholesterol, albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid at
      entry were elevated in the drug treated group. Diuretics were used in 92% of the
      drug treated group; in 53% as monotherapy and in 39% as combination therapy with
      other antihypertensive agents. The metabolic effect of diuretics may increase the
      incidence of ischemic heart disease in the elderly. We might conclude that
      hypertension in the aged accelerates cerebrovascular complications, and that
      antihypertensive treatment is effective even in this group. However, the wide use
      of diuretics could increase the incidence of ischemic heart disease. Careful
      selection of antihypertensive drugs as well as dose adjustment are needed in the
      treatment of elderly hypertensives.

PMID- 3361688
TI  - The dual effects of hemodialysis on cardiac function assessed by pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - To assess the effect of hemodialysis on cardiac function, a change of preload due
      to water removal was considered. In order to keep the preload constant during
      hemodialysis, extracorporeal ultrafiltration was induced before hemodialysis
      (step 1), and then hemodialysis without water removal was achieved (step 2).
      Cardiac performance in 8 patients was evaluated before and at the end of each
      step using pulsed doppler echocardiography. Step 1: Ultrafiltration was 1350 +/-
      410 ml and hematocrit increased significantly. Left ventricular end-diastolic
      dimension (LVDd) decreased from 40.3 +/- 4.2 (mean +/- standard deviation) mm to
      36.1 +/- 4.6 mm (p less than 0.005) and aortic peak flow velocity (PFV) also
      decreased from 59.9 +/- 16.0 cm/s to 49.0 +/- 11.0 cm/s (p less than 0.005). Step
      2: In contrast, after hemodialysis without water removal, the mean velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf) increased from 1.36 +/- 0.26 circ/s to
      1.86 +/- 0.36 circ/s (p less than 0.005). PFV and average acceleration (Aa)
      increased from 49.0 +/- 11.0 cm/s to 63.8 +/- 11.4 cm/s (p +/- 0.001) and from
      750 +/- 220 cm/s/s to 1270 +/- 280 cm/s/s (p less than 0.001), respectively.
      During this step, serum potassium and osmolality decreased significantly. In
      conclusion, hemodialysis improves cardiac function under constant preload
      condition and this is due to the direct effects of hemodialysis by the correction
      of electrolytes and osmolar components such as uremic toxin.

PMID- 3361689
TI  - Clinical study of late potentials--comparison of late potentials in myocardial
      infarction, cardiomyopathy and idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Late potentials (LPs) were studied using the signal averaging technique in 80
      patients with myocardial infarction (MI), idiopathic cardiomyopathy (CM) and
      idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT). In MI, LP duration was 28.4 +/- 12.6 ms
      in the sustained VT group (I; 8 cases); 18.6 +/- 9.0 ms in the non-sustained VT
      group (II; 11 cases); and 14.4 +/- 8.6 ms in the non-VT group (III; 21 cases); (p
      less than 0.05 in I vs II, p less than 0.01 in I vs III and not significant in II
      vs III). In CM, it was 33.7 +/- 13.0 ms in group I (6 cases); 20.1 +/- 5.9 ms in
      group II (12 cases); and 7.1 +/- 9.2 ms in group III (14 cases); (p less than
      0.01 in I vs II, I vs III and II vs III). The LP duration in IVT (8 cases) was
      15.6 +/- 10.4 ms, which was significantly shorter than that of group I in MI and
      CM (p less than 0.05 vs MI and p less than 0.01 vs CM). Late potential duration
      was also compared between a pacing-inducible VT group and a non-inducible VT
      group. The mean value of LP duration in the inducible VT group of MI was
      significantly longer than that in the non-inducible group (27.8 +/- 3.9 ms in 4
      cases vs 17.3 +/- 2.5 ms in 4 cases, p less than 0.05). However, there was no
      significant difference in LP duration between the inducible and non-inducible
      groups of CM (22.0 +/- 11.0 ms in 5 cases vs 22.2 +/- 13.6 ms in 5
      cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361690
TI  - Depressed myocardial contractility in mitral stenosis--an analysis by force
      length and stress-shortening relationships.
AB  - To determine whether low ejection fraction (EF) in mitral stenosis (MS) is the
      result of depressed contractility or is mediated by other factors, left
      ventricular (LV) function was analyzed by force-length and stress-shortening
      relationships. Thirty patients without heart disease served as normal controls
      (Group 1). Forty-three patients with MS were divided into 2 subgroups: Group 2 (n
      = 19) had EF within one standard deviation of the mean of Group 1, and Group 3 (n
      = 24) had EF below it. Normal EF (Group 2) was associated with low preload (end
      diastolic stress) and low afterload (end-systolic stress), and preload and
      afterload were in the normal range in patients with low EF (Group 3). A
      significant negative correlation was observed in the whole group of patients with
      MS between EF and end-systolic stress (Y = -0.14X + 72.8, r = -0.61, p less than
      0.001), and a positive correlation between end-systolic stress and volume (Y =
      1.39X + 65.4, r = 0.45, p less than 0.01). These observations suggest that
      systolic shortening and end-systolic volume of the left ventricle are in part
      governed by afterload in this disease. It is concluded that low EF of MS is not
      mediated by reduced preload or inappropriately elevated afterload, and
      contractility of the ventricle is mildly depressed in MS.

PMID- 3361691
TI  - Experimental study of acute coronary sinus thrombosis--clinical references to
      coronary sinus thrombosis and coronary venography.
AB  - The study was carried out to ascertain the effects caused by thrombosis in the
      coronary venous system. The coronary sinus (CS) of 21 adult mongrel dogs was
      abruptly obstructed to produce acute CS thrombosis. These dogs were then tested
      for serial changes of ECG, coronary arterial blood flow (CBF), left ventricular
      pressure (LVP), serum enzymes originating from the injured myocardium and
      histological changes of myocardium. Furthermore, the clinical application of a
      new coronary venography procedure was investigated. The results obtained in these
      experiments were as follows; (1) When the CS thrombosis was produced by the
      abrupt obstruction of the sinus, ECG patterns and serum enzymes originating from
      the myocardium showed changes similar to those of acute myocardial infarction.
      (2) The histological examinations showed that the changes in myocardial
      infarction were characteristically similar to those of hemorrhagic infarction.
      (3) Despite the complete obstruction of the coronary-venous system by thrombosis,
      the development of thrombosis or obstruction was not observed on the coronary
      arterial side. This phenomenon is probably due to the recirculation of blood flow
      through the Thebesian vessels. (4) The experiment confirmed that the clear
      coronary venograms were easily obtained, without any risk, by the fixation of a
      balloon-tipped catheter inside the CS.

PMID- 3361692
TI  - Thromboxane synthetase inhibition and pulmonary response to hypoxia in conscious
      adult sheep.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY
      046) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (ketoprofen) on hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction in conscious adult sheep in order to evaluate the physiological
      role of thromboxane and other cyclooxygenase products. In addition, we studied
      the effects of histamine H1 (chlorpheniramine) and H2 antagonists (cimetidine) on
      hypoxic pulmonary vascular tone. Hypoxia caused a 37% rise in pulmonary arterial
      pressure (p less than 0.05) and a 36% increase in pulmonary vascular resistance
      (p less than 0.05). Pretreatment with intravenous OKY-046 10 mg/kg or ketoprofen
      2 mg/kg had no effect on normoxic pulmonary vascular tone and inhibited the
      increase in plasma TXB2 concentration during hypoxia without affecting the
      pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia. Cimetidine produced an increase in hypoxic
      pulmonary vascular tone when individual members of the group were compared, but
      there was no statistically significant difference when the group was compared to
      the control study. Chlorpheniramine had no effect on hypoxic pulmonary tone.
      These data suggest that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not mediated by
      release of TXA2, that hypoxic vascular tone is not modulated by cyclooxygenase
      products, and that the histamine H2 receptor may play a modulating role in
      hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in conscious adult sheep.

PMID- 3361693
TI  - A case of left ventricular aneurysm associated with an anomalous coronary artery.
AB  - A 54-year-old man presented with continual angina pectoris at rest, associated
      with an anomalous coronary artery. He also had an aneurysm at the submitral
      region of the left ventricular postero-lateral wall, without evidence or prior
      myocardial infarction, which showed hypokinetic inward motion during systole. We
      assume that this was a rare case of left ventricular aneurysm without prior
      myocardial infarction, the etiology which might related to the anomalous coronary
      artery.

PMID- 3361694
TI  - Right ventricular aneurysm due to congenital muscular defect in an adult.
AB  - A large right ventricular aneurysm was detected by an echocardiographic
      examination in a 50-year-old woman presenting with weakness, collapse and
      hypotension. At surgery, another smaller aneurysm, arising from the anterior
      infundibulum of the right ventricle, was found in addition to the large one. Both
      were resected. Histological studies on the resected specimen revealed that much
      of the myocardium was replaced by adipose tissue. As far as we know this is the
      first reported case in Japan in which two congenital aneurysms arose from the
      right ventricle as a result of muscular defect.

PMID- 3361695
TI  - Left atrial myxoma with an unusual tumor vascularity demonstrated by angiography-
      report of two cases.
AB  - We describe two cases of left atrial myxoma, demonstrating an unusual tumor
      vascularity as revealed by coronary angiograms. Both cases had suffered typical
      episodes of transient ischemic attack (TIA). Coronary angiography revealed tumor
      blood supply from coronary arteries in both cases, and also a leakage of contrast
      medium from the surface of the tumor blood vessels to the left atrium in one
      case. In the medical literature available in English reviewed so far, no report
      of such a leakage has been reported. Selective coronary arteriography can be a
      useful diagnostic method of delineating left atrial myxoma and its blood supply.

PMID- 3361696
TI  - Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels in atrial fibrillation and the effects of heparin
      administration.
AB  - It has been reported that a patient with atrial fibrillation (AF) is in the
      hypercoagulable state and that this state results in a high incidence of systemic
      thromboembolisms. In this paper, we have investigated plasma fibrinopeptide A
      (FPA) levels and the effects of subcutaneous administration of heparin on these
      levels in patients with AF. Forty-five patients with hypertension (HT) or mitral
      stenosis (MS) were classified into four groups according to whether they had AF
      complications; i.e. HT with normal sinus rhythm (NSR), HT with AF, MS with NSR
      and MS with AF. Patients with AF demonstrated significantly higher plasma FPA
      levels and lower plasma antithrombin III (AT III) activities than those with NSR.
      When low dose heparin was administered to patients with AF, plasma FPA levels
      were decreased to the near normal range, accompanied by an increase in heparin-AT
      III complex activity and heparin concentration 0.5-1.0 h after injection. These
      levels were maintained for 5 h. From these results it was concluded that patients
      with AF were in the hypercoagulable state and that the measurement of plasma FPA
      levels provided a possibility to detect the underlying activation of blood
      coagulation.

PMID- 3361697
TI  - Relationship between late potentials and left ventricular function in patients
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - We examined the relationship between late potentials and left ventricular
      function from a hemodynamic point of view in 50 patients with prior myocardial
      infarction. Late potentials were found in 15 (30%) of 50 patients. A left
      ventricular aneurysm was found in 28 patients. Late potentials were detected in
      14 (50%) of 28 patients with the aneurysm but in 1 (5%) of 22 patients without it
      (p less than 0.01). In the 50 patients, a hemodynamic data from the late
      potential positive group (n = 15) were compared to those from the late potential
      negative group (n = 35). The late potential positive group had a significantly
      lower ejection fraction, cardiac index and stroke volume than the late potential
      negative group. We further studied the 28 patients with left ventricular aneurysm
      in a similar way. The cardiac index and stroke volume were also significantly
      lower in the late potential positive group. The ejection fraction tended to be
      lower in the late potential positive group. These results suggest that left
      ventricular function and left ventricular aneurysm are among the factors that
      influence the development of late potentials.

PMID- 3361698
TI  - Response of peripheral venous pressure and plasma catecholamine concentration to
      supine leg exercise--a study in patients with mild congestive heart failure.
AB  - We measured the peripheral venous pressure (VP) in supine leg exercise in 25
      "normal" subjects and 122 patients with primarily left-sided heart diseases (NYHA
      class I = 68, class II = 54 cases) to determine whether or not plasma
      catecholamine concentration would increase in patients with mild congestive heart
      failure, in response to dynamic exercise. Cardiac patients (n = 122) were divided
      into 2 groups on the basis of VP increment (delta VP): Group N had 60 patients
      with delta VP less than 35 mmH2O, and Group H had 62 patients with delta VP in
      excess of 35 mmH2O. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline
      (A) were measured before and during leg exercise. The relation between delta VP,
      NA and A, and the relation between delta VP and increments of NA (delta NA) and
      of A (delta A) by leg exercise were studied in both the cardiac patients and the
      "normal" subjects (Group C). (1) NA at rest was 0.225 +/- 0.016 ng/ml (mean +/-
      SE) in Group C and 0.216 +/- 0.009 ng/ml in Group N. It was 0.468 +/- 0.026 ng/ml
      in Group H, which was significantly higher than in Group C (p less than 0.001),
      or Group N (p less than 0.001). (2) delta NA was 0.051 +/- 0.009 ng/ml (mean +/-
      SE) in Group C, 0.067 +/- 0.007 ng/ml in Group N, and 0.249 +/- 0.019 ng/ml in
      Group H. There was a statistically significant difference in delta NA between
      Groups C and H (p less than 0.001) and between Groups N and H (p less than
      0.001). (3) There was no significant difference between the three groups in A at
      rest, or in delta A. (4) There was a correlation between delta VP and NA at rest
      (r = 0.614, p less than 0.001) and between delta VP and delta NA (r = 0.708, p
      less than 0.001). These data suggest that sympathetic nervous activity increased
      in the patients with high delta VP but without overt heart failure, and that the
      constriction of the capacitance vessels caused by an increase in NA could be at
      least one of the mechanisms involved in raising the delta VP in those patients.

PMID- 3361699
TI  - An evaluation of fibrinolytic therapy of pulmonary thromboembolism using non
      invasive examinations and the relationship of urokinase dosage to clinical
      outcome and coagulation-fibrinolytic changes.
AB  - We administered urokinase (UK) 24 x 10(4) unit (U.) + dextran sulfate (DS) 1,500
      or 3,000 mg (UK24), UK 48 x 10(4) U. + DS 3,000 mg (UK48) and UK 60 x 10(4) U.
      (UK60) over 6 hrs daily for 5 consecutive days to 26 patients with pulmonary
      thromboembolism (PTE). The fibrinolytic effect of UK was evaluated by a
      combination of clinical and laboratory findings (score), isotopic perfusion
      defect and A-a DO2. Prominent recovery was observed in 60% cases of the UK48 and
      UK60 groups but none in the UK24 group. Fibrin degradation products (FDP) D and D
      D increased significantly when alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2PI) decreased to
      less than 3 mg/dl. These results suggest that fibrinolytic therapy of PTE can be
      evaluated objectively using noninvasive examinations and UK treatment is
      successful when 48 or 60 x 10(4) U. of UK is administered over 6 hrs and a 50%
      decrease of alpha 2PI is obtained.

PMID- 3361700
TI  - The total heart beats per 24 hours by ambulatory electrocardiography and the
      changes of heart rate by treadmill exercise test in sick sinus syndrome.
AB  - To study the clinical implications of the total number of heart beats per 24
      hours (THB), 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography and treadmill test were
      performed by sixty patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS, 58 +/- 12 years old)
      who underwent overdrive suppression test. Results were compared with thirty
      control subjects (58 +/- 12 years old). The THB was 74 +/- 11 thousand beats in
      the SSS group and 99 +/- 10 thousand beats in the control group. The THB and the
      maximal heart rate (MHR) achieved during the treadmill test were significantly
      lower in the SSS group than in the control group. However, the exercise duration
      in patients with SSS was similar to that of the control subjects. The exercise
      duration and the MHR were correlated to age, but not to the THB in the patients
      with SSS. There was no significant relationship between the total heart beats per
      24 hours and the maximal sinus node recovery time (max. SNRT). We conclude that
      the THB, independent of the max. SNRT, can be a useful index in diagnosing and
      assessing the quantity of bradycardia in patients with SSS. The tolerance of
      exercise and the MHR were not correlated with the THB, in patients with SSS.

PMID- 3361701
TI  - Effect of OPC-8212 (2(1H)-quinolinone), a new inotropic agent, on myocardial
      energy metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease.
AB  - We examined the effects of a new inotrope, OPC-8212 (OPC: 2(1H)-quinolinone), on
      coronary sinus flow (CSF), myocardial oxygen consumption, myocardial lactate
      extraction ratio (LER), cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary arterial diastolic
      pressure (PADP) in eleven patients with prior myocardial infarction. Measurements
      were taken before (control) and 8 hours after administration of OPC (480 mg,
      p.o.). A cardiac function curve was obtained in each stage with rapid intravenous
      administration of 500 ml of saline (loaded state) after baseline measurements.
      There was a significant increase in the cardiac index and decrease in the
      pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure in the loaded state after OPC. Thus the
      ventricular function curve was shifted to the left and showed a steep incline,
      indicating an increased inotropic state. On the other hand, myocardial oxygen
      consumption and myocardial lactate extraction ratio were unchanged. Thus we
      concluded that OPC improved cardiac performance without increasing myocardial
      oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3361702
TI  - Exercise training augments cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm vascular
      resistance in middle-aged subjects.
AB  - Nine subjects (average age 56 +/- 7 years old) underwent sitting cycle ergometer
      exercise for four months. Exercise capacity and maximal VO2 increased after
      exercise training in these subjects. Forearm vascular responses to lower body
      negative pressure (LBNP) at -10 and -40 mmHg were compared before and after
      exercise training. The magnitude of reflex forearm vasoconstriction in response
      to LBNP at -10 mmHg was greater after exercise training than before. The
      decreases in central venous pressure during LBNP at -10 mmHg were similar before
      and after exercise training. The pressor and forearm vasoconstrictive responses
      to the cold pressor test also did not differ before and after exercise training.
      These results suggest that mild exercise training in middle-aged subjects
      augments the tonic inhibitory influence of the cardiopulmonary receptors on
      forearm vascular resistance.

PMID- 3361703
TI  - Relationship between abnormal Q waves in lead aVL and angiographic findings--a
      study to redefine "high lateral" infarction.
AB  - To re-evaluate the concept of "high lateral" myocardial infarction, angiographic
      findings were analysed in 29 patients with remote infarction and abnormal Q waves
      in lead I or aVL but no abnormal Q waves in other leads and no prominent R wave
      in lead V1. All patients except one showed asynergy in the anterior segment on
      right anterior oblique left ventriculogram. Asynergies in other segments were, if
      present, mild or small. Critical narrowing was present in the diagonal branches
      or in their "parent" arteries (that is, the left anterior descending artery or
      left main trunk) in 28 patients but in the circumflex artery in only 3 patients.
      Thus, the traditional concept that a "high lateral" infarction is myocardial
      necrosis of the basal aspect of the left ventricle, receiving its blood supply
      from the circumflex artery, needs correction. "High lateral infarction"
      corresponds to necrosis of the area between the obtuse margin and the
      interventricular groove ordinarily supplied by the diagonal branches of the left
      anterior descending artery. Such infarctions are expressed by asynergy of the
      anterior segment rather than the posterior segment.

PMID- 3361704
TI  - Diverse characteristics in potential waveform of His-Purkinje system-
      experimental and simulation studies.
AB  - Reflection to the body surface of the single beat-potentials of the His-Purkinje
      system (HPS) was analysed by a single beat recording of the epicardial HPS
      potentials from the Langendorff perfused canine heart and by the reconstruction
      of HPS potentials on the basis of the cable concept. Unipolar epicardial HPS
      potentials from 8 leads distributed equidistantly over the basal region of the
      ventricles were amplified by a high gain (120 dB) amplifiers with an active
      bandpass filter (40-2400 kHz). The waveform of these HPS potentials differed in
      each lead. The largest (42 +/- 8 microV, mean +/- SE, n = 5) of these HPS
      potentials, which was obtained from the anterior free wall of the right
      ventricle, was composed of two peaks: the initial slow- and positive-peak and the
      late sharp- and negative-peak. The former peak appeared 12 +/- 3 msec (mean +/-
      SE, n = 5) ahead of the spike of the His-bundle electrogram (HBE) recorded from
      the close bipolar electrodes which were attached intracavitally along the
      membrane portion of the His-bundle. The latter appeared in coincidence with the
      spike of HBE. The extracellular potentials generated by HPS excitation were
      calculated by assuming that the excitation proceeds along the three dimensionally
      reconstructed HPS. The simulated waveform was in agreement with those of the
      epicardial HPS potentials. Thus, the HPS potentials on the body surface may
      inscribe a diverse waveform as a reflection of the complexed architecture of the
      whole HPS.

PMID- 3361705
TI  - Sequential changes in urinary catecholamine in the transition from benign to
      malignant hypertension in rats.
AB  - The sequential changes in 24-hour urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E)
      excretion levels were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that
      received deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1% NaCl drinking water. These
      were compared with those from control SHR and similarly treated Wistar-Kyoto rats
      (WKY). Blood pressure, NE and E increased progressively in DOCA-SHR group, and NE
      (2392 +/- 94 vs. 998 +/- 49 ng/day) and E (250 +/- 21 vs. 116 +/- 6 ng/day)
      exceeded twice that of the control SHR group in the sixth week of DOCA treatment.
      In WKY rats, NE (1372 +/- 48 vs. 968 +/- 37 ng/day) and E (147 +/- 9 vs. 121 +/-
      7 ng/day) levels were significantly higher in rats given DOCA than those in
      control group in the sixth week of the treatment, but were not so remarkably high
      as in DOCA-SHR group. A histological examination of DOCA-SHR kidneys revealed
      fibrinoid necrosis in the vascular walls. These data suggest that sympathoadrenal
      activity plays an important role in the development of malignant hypertension in
      DOCA-SHR group.

PMID- 3361706
TI  - The concentration of serum lipids in Zen monks and control males in Japan.
AB  - The concentrations of total, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and apoprotein B have been examined
      in Zen monks whose intake of animal products was almost negligible for 2 to 8
      years, and in age-matched (24 to 35 years) control Japanese males who eat Western
      style food. The mean levels of total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and apoprotein B
      were 135.1 +/- 16.7, 73.0 +/- 11.6, 50.4 +/- 9.6, and 70.6 +/- 15.6 mg/dl,
      respectively in Zen monks. These levels were 28.5, 32.8, 18.8, and 23.9% lower in
      Zen monks than in control Japanese males. These values are statistically
      significant compared to those of the controls (p less than 0.01). There were no
      significant changes in the level of triglyceride in both groups.

PMID- 3361707
TI  - [Proceedings of the fifty-eighth annual meeting of the Japanese Society for
      Hygiene. March 29 & 30, 1988, Okayama. Abstracts].

PMID- 3361709
TI  - [Clinical experience in using alumina ceramic pins for rib fractures].

PMID- 3361708
TI  - [Myocardial preservation using a cold-air topical cooling system].

PMID- 3361710
TI  - [A case report of traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta].

PMID- 3361711
TI  - [Cardiac tumor requiring emergency surgery in a neonate].

PMID- 3361712
TI  - [A successful case of surgically treated myocardial bridging associated with
      mitral stenosis].

PMID- 3361713
TI  - [A surgical case report of a thoraco-abdominal aneurysm with rupture into the
      right pleural cavity].

PMID- 3361714
TI  - [Fundamentals of medical statistics. 2. Experimental design and analysis of
      variance].

PMID- 3361715
TI  - [Extracardiac valved conduit surgery in infancy--early and longterm results].

PMID- 3361716
TI  - [Thromboembolism and antithrombogenic therapy after prosthetic valve
      replacement].

PMID- 3361717
TI  - Ultrastructure of glomerulopathy in swine.

PMID- 3361718
TI  - Selective medium for isolation of urinary corynebacteria and detection of the
      organisms from bovine vulva and vaginal vestibule using the medium.

PMID- 3361719
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the superficial glial limiting membrane in the
      cat brain and spinal cord.

PMID- 3361720
TI  - Semifield study on prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin by intermittent medication
      against Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs.

PMID- 3361721
TI  - Disseminated aspergillosis with lesions in the central nervous system in a calf.

PMID- 3361722
TI  - Changes in the gingival blood flow in rats with congenital susceptibility to
      gingivitis.

PMID- 3361723
TI  - Protein A in Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolates from pigs, chickens and
      cows.

PMID- 3361724
TI  - Light and electron microscopy on the glands observed in the reticular groove of
      the sheep.

PMID- 3361725
TI  - Effects of calcium carbonate supplementation on Ca, Mg and P metabolism in ewes.

PMID- 3361726
TI  - Artificial insemination with fresh semen in beagle bitches.

PMID- 3361727
TI  - Comparison of whole-body versus snout-only exposure in inhalation toxicity of
      fenthion.

PMID- 3361728
TI  - Detection of Campylobacter jejuni with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe.

PMID- 3361729
TI  - Pathological observations of nursing sickness in mink.

PMID- 3361730
TI  - Histometry of the developing kidney in fetal rats.

PMID- 3361731
TI  - Microvascular architecture of the pampiniform plexus and testicular artery in the
      golden hamster.

PMID- 3361732
TI  - The thermic circadian rhythm of dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni.

PMID- 3361733
TI  - Acidophilic protein crystals in lungs and bile ducts of helminth-infected mice.

PMID- 3361734
TI  - Effect of chromium on lipid peroxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3361735
TI  - Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase isoenzymes in bovine liver disease.

PMID- 3361736
TI  - Fine structures of the medulla-like tissues and the lymph sinuses in the lymph
      nodes of pig.

PMID- 3361737
TI  - Isolation and cultivation of canine transmissible sarcoma cells.

PMID- 3361738
TI  - A simulated field experiment with triflumuron, a benzoylphenylurea, on larvae of
      the house fly Musca domestica in chicken feces.

PMID- 3361739
TI  - [In vitro and in vivo antimycobacterial activities of cefpimizole (AC-1370) and
      its effect on oxygen metabolism of host macrophages].

PMID- 3361740
TI  - [A case of bilateral multiple cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis with caseous
      hilar lymph nodes ruptured into bronchus in an advanced age male].

PMID- 3361741
TI  - [Some recent aspects of tuberculosis infection in Japan (1)].

PMID- 3361742
TI  - [Some recent aspects of tuberculosis infection in Japan (2)].

PMID- 3361744
TI  - [Epidemiological status of respiratory failure due to tuberculosis].

PMID- 3361743
TI  - [The efficacy of mass screening for lung cancer of general habitants and quality
      control of interpretation of rolled radiophotograms].

PMID- 3361745
TI  - [Abnormal respiration during the night in patients with a history of
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3361746
TI  - [Management of respiratory failure in patients with sequelae of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3361747
TI  - [Pathophysiology of pulmonary circulation in patients with tuberculosis
      sequelae].

PMID- 3361748
TI  - [Circulatory management of respiratory failure based on pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3361749
TI  - [Respiratory and cardiac failure in pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae--pathological
      findings].

PMID- 3361750
TI  - [Ambulatory and home care of patients with chronic respiratory failure].

PMID- 3361751
TI  - Glomerular disease in hypercholesterolemic guinea pigs: a pathogenetic study.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests a role for lipid deposition in the pathogenesis of some
      forms of glomerular disease. To gain further insight into this phenomenon guinea
      pigs (GP) were fed a 2% cholesterol (HC) diet and compared to GP on a normal diet
      (C). Serial observations were made 5, 10, 30 and 70 days after the initiation of
      the experiment. HC gained less weight than C (P less than 0.001) and developed
      hemolytic anemia after 30 days. At all time periods serum total cholesterol (TC)
      was significantly elevated in HC (P less than 0.001). High density lipoprotein
      cholesterol and total phospholipids (PL) were significantly higher in HC at days
      30 and 70. Lipoprotein-X was detected in HC serum. The relative proportion (%) of
      cholesteryl ester (CE) at day 70 was significantly higher in HC than in C when
      renal cortical lipids were analyzed (P less than 0.017). Renal function was
      normal in both groups throughout the 70 days. The HC group developed proteinuria
      and hematuria (proteinuria, HC = 22.1 +/- 7.2 mg/24 hr; C, 6.4 +/- 2.3 mg/24 hr),
      which was detected at day 70 but not at day 30. HC developed significant
      progressive mesangial expansion which was first evident at day 30. In HC only oil
      red 0 material was first detected in glomeruli at day 5 and was very conspicuous
      at day 70. Increased intraglomerular monocyte numbers were detected at day 70 (P
      less than 0.017) but not at day 30 in HC. No glomerulosclerosis was observed in
      GP's with drug-induced hemolysis on a normal diet. To see the effect of high
      protein intake on HC GP's, a group of GP's was put on a HC diet for 30 days
      followed by a 2% cholesterol-high protein (HCHP) diet for 40 days. Compared to HC
      GP's, the HCHP group showed significantly higher serum TC and PL (P less than
      0.017), mesangial expansion (P less than 0.01) and proteinuria (P less than
      0.01). The results indicate that hypercholesterolemia plays an important role in
      the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis in this model and that the process appears
      to be mediated, at least in part in the later stages, by monocytes. The addition
      of protein to the HC diet augments these effects.

PMID- 3361752
TI  - Electrophysiology and ultrastructure of cultured human proximal tubule cells.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine if cultures of human proximal
      tubule cells would retain in vivo properties inherent to this segment in the
      intact nephron. Ussing chamber studies demonstrated that these cultured cells
      generated transepithelial potential differences of approximately -2.0 mV and
      resistances of 0.310 K omega.cm2, supporting the concept that the proximal tubule
      is a "leaky" epithelium. The electrical properties did not change when the cells
      were exposed to amiloride (10(-4) M), but did respond to acetazolamide (10(-4)
      M), consistent with responses known to occur in proximal tubules. Ultrastructural
      analysis of these cells demonstrated features indicative of proximal tubule
      cells. When grown on permeable supports, where apical and basolateral growth
      medium compartments were maintained separate from each other, the cells were
      noted to undergo increased differentiation with morphological evidence of cell
      polarity. Freeze fracture analysis demonstrated well-formed tight junction
      strands and segregation of unique numbers of intramembranous particles in apical,
      lateral, and basal membranes. The replicas also demonstrated the presence of
      aggregates though to represent gap junctions, structures which occur exclusively
      in the proximal segment of the human nephron. These observations provide evidence
      that this human cell culture model originates from the human proximal tubule and
      retains, in culture, many of the properties associated with proximal tubule cell
      function and structure in vivo.

PMID- 3361753
TI  - Differences in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in two rat strains.
AB  - Administration of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) to Wistar rats induces
      proteinuria and enhanced mesangial deposition of circulating macromolecules.
      After proteinuria of longer duration focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis
      and sclerosis (FSGHS) develops. The present report analyzes these aspects of PAN
      nephrosis in PVG/c rats, a strain previously shown to be remarkably resistant to
      proteinuria and FSGHS with aging or after uninephrectomy. In Wistar rats multiple
      injections of PAN during five months resulted in sustained severe proteinuria and
      FSGHS lesions in 8.1 +/- 1.0% (mean +/- 1 SEM) of their glomeruli (N = 6). In
      PVG/c rats a 1.3-fold higher dose of PAN was needed to induce chronic proteinuria
      similar to the Wistar rats. After five months 3.3 +/- 0.9% of their glomeruli
      showed FSGHS (N = 6, P less than 0.01) and the glomerular lesions were
      considerably less advanced. In acute PAN nephrosis induced by a single
      intravenous injection of PAN the mesangium of Wistar rats contained large amounts
      of lipid in contrast to a few small mesangial lipid droplets in nephrotic PVG/c
      rats. After injection of colloidal carbon in nephrotic PVG/c rats no enhanced
      carbon accumulation was found in the mesangium when compared to nonproteinuric
      controls. This result clearly differs from the increased mesangial sequestration
      of circulating material in nephrotic Wistar, and most other rat strains. The
      unchanged mesangial traficking of macromolecules in nephrotic PVG/c rats and the
      low incidence of FSGHS lesions in the presence of sustained glomerular
      proteinuria may reflect a relative resistance to PAN-induced glomerular damage in
      this particular rat strain.

PMID- 3361754
TI  - Production and metabolic clearance of calcitriol in acute renal failure.
AB  - Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and production rate (PR) of calcitriol were
      studied three and seven days after ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
      Creatinine clearance was decreased three days after clamping the renal arteries
      (0.42 +/- 0.03 ml/min/100 g, N = 6 in ATN vs. 0.68 +/- 0.09, N = 7 in sham
      controls; P less than 0.001). Plasma concentrations (24.1 +/- 1.9 pg/ml) and PR
      of calcitriol (9.8 +/- 0.91 ng/kg/day) were significantly lower in ATN rats three
      days after ischemic insult when compared to sham control rats, respectively (76.6
      +/- 7.3 pg/ml, and 29.6 +/- 3.3 ng/kg/day; both P less than 0.01). The MCRs of
      calcitriol were not different between ATN (0.28 +/- 0.02 ml/min/kg) and sham
      control rats (0.27 +/- 0.01). By the seventh day after ischemic injury, when
      creatinine clearance of ATN rats returned to normal, both the PR and plasma
      concentrations of calcitriol also returned to normal values in these animals. In
      order to assess the effect of uremia on calcitriol metabolism, MCR and PR of
      calcitriol were measured in rats with reinfusion of their urines for 24 hours.
      The PR of calcitriol was significantly decreased (9.42 +/- 1.21; vs. controls,
      20.5 +/- 2.9 ng/kg/day, P less than 0.001) in uremic animals. Since decreased PR
      of calcitriol was also accompanied by decreased MCR of calcitriol, plasma
      concentrations of calcitriol of the uremic rats with intact kidneys remained
      within normal values. We conclude that the PR of calcitriol is decreased early in
      ATN rats. Although the MCR was not decreased in mild ATN rats, it may decrease in
      severe acute renal failure.

PMID- 3361755
TI  - Chronic renal failure, parathyroid hormone and fatty acids oxidation in skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Fatty acids are an important source of skeletal muscle energy, and certain data
      suggest oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) may be impaired in uremia.
      This abnormality may in part be responsible for uremic myopathy. Uremia is
      associated with hyperparathyroidism and PTH affects muscle metabolism; PTH
      enhances muscle proteolysis and impairs muscle bioenergetics, and it is possible
      that PTH also affects fatty acids oxidation. The present study examined in rats
      the effects of 4 days administration PTH and of 21 days of chronic renal failure
      (CRF) with and without excess PTH on oxidation of LCFA and short-chain fatty
      acids (SCFA). Both 1-84 and 1-34 PTH impaired oxidation of LCFA but not of a SCFA
      (beta-hydroxybutyric acid) and reduced the activity of carnitine palmitoyl
      transferase (CPT). Inactivation of the PTH abolished its effects. CRF rats with
      intact parathyroid glands had also impaired oxidation of LCFA and of CPT
      activity. Parathyroidectomy in CRF rats normalized these abnormalities. Carnitine
      contents of muscle were not altered. The data show that PTH excess in normal or
      in CRF rats is associated with impaired oxidation of LCFA and this effect is due
      to reduction in the activity of CPT, a key enzyme for the transport of LCFA to
      mitochondrial matrix for beta-oxidation. The data demonstrate another toxic
      effect of PTH on muscle in CRF and provide an additional pathogenic mechanism for
      uremic myopathy.

PMID- 3361756
TI  - Effect of diet, age and sex on the renal response to immune injury in the rat.
AB  - We investigated the effect of three factors, namely dietary protein intake, age
      and sex, on the susceptibility of the renal glomerulus to the binding of
      antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) in the early (heterologous)
      phase of anti-GBM nephritis, and the consequent reduction in glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) as measured by inulin clearance (CIn). The effect of diet
      was examined in approximately equal to 8 week-old female Munich-Wistar rats fed a
      40% high (HP) or a 6% low (LP) protein diet, and that of sex and age in male and
      female rats, 6 week or 10 month old. Following an intravenous dose (3 to 20
      micrograms/g body wt) of radiolabeled nephritogenic anti-GBM, assessment of
      glomerular function was followed by quantitation of anti-GBM binding (values
      corrected for GBM surface area) in isolated glomeruli. At a given plasma level of
      antibody, the degree of binding of anti-GBM was slightly but significantly higher
      in HP than LP-fed rats; the decrease in GFR was significantly more pronounced in
      HP than LP-fed animals. The amount of anti-GBM binding was significantly greater
      in adult than young animals; however, the consequent decrease in GFR was more
      pronounced in the young than adult animals. Sex dependency was not discernible in
      anti-GBM binding or reduction in GFR. In all of the above experimental groups,
      the degree of anti-GBM binding was closely correlated with the plasma level of
      anti-GBM, but not with effective renal plasma flow rate, measured by PAH
      clearance. Separate groups of rats were subjected to experimental manipulation of
      single nephron GFR, glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure and glomerular plasma
      flow rate, by partial aortic constriction and saralasin administration. This set
      of experiments, using a tracer amount of non-nephritogenic anti-GBM, revealed
      that glomerular anti-GBM binding is independent of any of the above parameters.
      The studies indicate that dietary protein intake and age, but not sex, are among
      the factors determining the susceptibility of the glomerulus to acute immune
      injury. Since the binding of anti-GBM is determined by the affinity property of
      the glomerulus per se, and not by the prevailing hemodynamic pattern, the
      observed dependence of susceptibility to functional impairment on age and protein
      intake appears to also reflect a property of the glomerulus, which is influenced
      by age and the degree of dietary protein intake.

PMID- 3361757
TI  - Evaluation of clinical competence in nephrologists.

PMID- 3361758
TI  - [Marshall syndrome. Clinico-genetic study of a family with 8 affected members].

PMID- 3361759
TI  - [Prognosis of child and adolescent medicine].

PMID- 3361760
TI  - [Decentralized screening for mucoviscidosis with a chloride-sensitive electrode].

PMID- 3361761
TI  - [Detection of congenital abnormalities--problems and possibilities from the
      viewpoint of pediatric practice].

PMID- 3361762
TI  - [Ortho- and heterotopic models of total transplantation of the small intestine.
      Which of them is the more rational?].

PMID- 3361763
TI  - [Dynamic study before surgery of the functional reserves of blood circulation in
      elderly patients].

PMID- 3361764
TI  - [Closed ultrasonic cleansing of abscesses of the abdominal cavity and
      retroperitoneal space under low-intensity ultrasound control].

PMID- 3361765
TI  - [Implantation of a perineal magnetic closing device in the absence of the anal
      sphincter].

PMID- 3361766
TI  - [Hermetic sealing of the lung in traumatic pneumothorax].

PMID- 3361767
TI  - [Treatment of suppurative mediastinitis].

PMID- 3361768
TI  - [Factors affecting vascular prosthesis function studied by multivariate linear
      regression analysis].

PMID- 3361769
TI  - [The role of blood rheological disorders in the pathogenesis of varicose disease
      of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3361770
TI  - [Restoration of lymph outflow in large segments of replanted extremities].

PMID- 3361771
TI  - [Antibacterial prophylaxis during esophagoplasty and gastrectomy].

PMID- 3361772
TI  - [X-ray intravascular surgery today and in prospect].

PMID- 3361774
TI  - [Results of gastric resection by the Billroth I method].

PMID- 3361773
TI  - [Potentials of computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of malignant
      obstructions of the biliary tract].

PMID- 3361775
TI  - [Indices of gastric mucosal protection and aggression factors of patients in the
      late periods after surgical treatment of complicated gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3361776
TI  - [Surgical abdominal endoscopy].

PMID- 3361777
TI  - [Clinical classification of peritonitis].

PMID- 3361778
TI  - [Multiple organ failure syndrome in patients with peritonitis].

PMID- 3361779
TI  - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome in patients with peritonitis].

PMID- 3361780
TI  - [Phagocytic system of the liver in patients with peritonitis].

PMID- 3361781
TI  - [Antibacterial therapy in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3361782
TI  - [Incomitance pattern in Duane's syndrome].
AB  - Incomitance patterns were studied in 13 cases of Duane's syndrome. In most cases
      the patterns found were of a nonlinear type. An attempt is made to relate the
      incomitance patterns to the clinical picture and to compare them with other
      incomitant disorders.

PMID- 3361783
TI  - [Eye movement patterns in homonymous hemianopsia and visual hemineglect. Criteria
      of oculographic delineation based on 19 cases and their diagnostic significance].
AB  - Patients with homonymous hemianopia are quite differently handicapped in daily
      life. While residual visual functions in the blind hemifield can be responsible
      for such differences in visual orientation, compensatory oculomotor mechanisms or
      the presence of additional visual hemineglect may also play a role. In order to
      find objects in their blind hemifield such patients essentially employ three
      oculomotor searching strategies: A "staircase" strategy, an "overshoot" strategy,
      and a "predictive" strategy. Patients with additional visual hemineglect,
      however, are neither able to use the predictive strategy, nor can they develop an
      overshoot strategy with time. Oculographic criteria compiled previously by the
      present authors were employed in 19 cases with homonymous hemianopia and/or
      visual hemineglect to demonstrate the possibility of an objective and
      quantitative delimitation of these two disorders. The practical importance of
      such a delimitation is that patients with hemineglect are much more handicapped,
      but ignore or underestimate their handicap.

PMID- 3361784
TI  - [How good are the correlations between contrast sensitivity and differential
      light sensitivity in the visual field center in optic neuropathies?].
AB  - Contrast sensitivity (CS) and differential light sensitivity (LUE) tend to
      deteriorate with increasing severity of the neuropathy. However, the correlation
      between the two psychophysical functions is low for the total number of optic
      neuropathies as well as for groups with different visual acuities. This fact is
      mainly explained by the range of scatter in LUE values. Moreover, visual acuity
      is much better correlated with CS than with LUE. CS and LUE represent different
      visual functions that may be processed by separate neural structures.

PMID- 3361786
TI  - [Behavior of visual acuity, visual fields and contrast sensitivity in simulated
      cataract].
AB  - Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields were examined with and
      without occluders both in a group of healthy subjects and in a group of patients
      with field defects (mostly caused by glaucoma). The various results were compared
      with one another as well as with the results obtained from a group of cataract
      patients examined before and after surgery. The results confirm clinical
      experience: visual acuity enables some conclusions to be drawn on the degree and
      progression of opacity of a lens. The changes in contrast sensitivity and in the
      visual field, however, represent rather the quality of the visual degradation.
      Contrast sensitivity and diffuse alterations in the visual field have similar
      progression patterns. The alterations in contrast sensitivity are more pronounced
      at higher frequency levels. The contrast sensitivity test can be recommended as a
      simple and complementary functional test, particularly on cataract patients with
      severe complaints and relatively good visual acuity. The results of occlusive
      experiments afford some practical conclusions which enhance knowledge and
      differentiation of visual field changes induced by cataract and glaucoma. These
      conclusions can provide a basis for further and more detailed investigations.

PMID- 3361785
TI  - [Autoregulation of the papillary vessels and their behavior as affected by
      halothane].
AB  - Halothane lowers the peripheral vascular resistance and blocks autoregulation in
      the cerebral vessels. Proceeding from the assumption that the papillary vessels
      behave in like manner, the authors examined increases in papillary pallor under
      artificial IOP elevation in anesthetized patients with and without Halothane,
      using the photopapillometer. This provocation test was conducted in 14 patients,
      first on one eye under normal (N2O/O2) anesthesia, then on the fellow eye after
      steady state had been attained with subsequently administered Halothane. By
      quantifying ocular circulatory conditions, the demonstration of the lowering of
      peripheral vascular resistance in the papillary vessels under Halothane was
      convincing; the blockage of autoregulation was less obvious. To explain these
      results the authors suggest that the two effects are gradual and mutually
      influential.

PMID- 3361787
TI  - [Direct opto-electronic analysis of the interaction of head and eye movements].
AB  - To study interactions of head and eye during various motor tasks in a clinical
      environment, a recording system is needed which should be characterized by high
      precision and reliability. A computer-assisted optoelectronic method based on the
      SELSPOT system is described. All the equipment was specially designed for neuro
      ophthalmologic purposes and fulfills the requirements. A range of programs was
      developed using several types of signal processing algorithms, allowing
      simultaneous one-dimensional and two-dimensional representation of motor acts of
      the head and eye, including separate analysis of slow and rapid movements. Thus,
      the method is suitable for analyzing physiologic and pathologic mechanisms of
      complex interactions. The quality of this novel SELSPOT application is
      demonstrated by recordings made during induced circular movements.

PMID- 3361788
TI  - [Gas gangrene of the orbit].
AB  - This case report describes a penetrating injury of the orbit damaging the
      inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and causing a Clostridium perfringens
      inflammation of the orbit within 24 hours.

PMID- 3361789
TI  - [Horner's syndrome reversible by coughing].
AB  - In a 55-year-old woman patient with congenital Horner's syndrome the ptosis and
      miosis disappeared completely for a short time after a bout of coughing.
      Pharmacologically the defect was localized in the second neuron. No etiology or
      pathogenetic mechanism of the phenomenon could be identified.

PMID- 3361790
TI  - [Bilateral occipital calcifications, optic atrophy and juvenile maculopathy:
      retrograde transsynaptic degeneration?].
AB  - The unusual combination of bilateral occipital calcification in the area of the
      calcarine fissure, optic atrophy and macular changes was seen in a four-year-old
      girl. Corrected visual acuity was R 0.1 and L 0.5. There was irregular concentric
      narrowing of the visual fields. The ERG was normal, but the latencies of visually
      evoked potentials were markedly prolonged. The course was nonprogressive over
      seven years. The pathogenesis of the occipital calcification remains unexplained;
      the authors tentatively attribute it to a prenatal or perinatal lesion. The optic
      atrophy is interpreted as a consequence of retrograde transsynaptic degeneration
      extending to retinal ganglion cells. It appears unlikely that the macular
      changes, consisting of discrete hyperpigmentations and depigmentations, are the
      result of loss of retinal nerve fibers. The independent occurrence of juvenile
      macular degeneration seems a more probable cause.

PMID- 3361792
TI  - [Recurrent oculomotor paralysis: a case of ophthalmoplegic migraine?].
AB  - A total of ten transient oculomotor palsies of varying severity were observed in
      a 12-year-old boy from the age of ten months onward, accompanied by migraine-like
      headaches and vomiting. Damage to the oculomotor nerve due to swelling of the
      internal carotid artery (or an abnormal vessel) in the cavernous sinus was
      suspected as the cause.

PMID- 3361791
TI  - [Manifestations of possible trophic changes in the corneal epithelium due to
      decreased trigeminal function].
AB  - Neurotrophic corneal changes are described on the basis of six cases: 1) diabetes
      mellitus; 2) after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia; 3) intracerebellar
      hemorrhage; 4) postinfectious trigeminal neuropathy; 5) Wallenberg's syndrome; 6)
      encircling procedure for retinal detachment. The symptoms in common suggest a
      decrease in the trophic influence of the trigeminal nerve.

PMID- 3361793
TI  - [Quantification of senile cataract in split-lamp images of the Zeiss SLC
      measurement system].
AB  - The Zeiss SLC measuring system for examining the anterior segment in slit light
      permits direct digital image storage and analysis. For long-term studies the
      reproducibility of individual images can be improved. Furthermore, the data can
      be quickly processed to yield indices which can be used to characterize the
      cataract: 1) the integral of an axial densitogram as a criterion of average lens
      opacity, and 2) the difference between the linear regressions of the densitograms
      of the anterior and posterior lens halves as a criterion of cataract form (e.g.,
      nuclear vs. cortical cataract).

PMID- 3361794
TI  - [Reflections of a professor emeritus on the problem of succession].
AB  - The organisation of the academic career is incomplete in many ways. Too much
      emphasis is put on scientific research. Very little instruction is given in
      teaching and none at all in administration and managing a whole group of people.
      Therefore, a young physician appointed head of a department is confronted with
      many duties which he may not be able to cope with. It is suggested that
      candidates for an academic career should attend special management schools, as do
      bankers, for example.

PMID- 3361795
TI  - [Minimum requirements for clinical studies].
AB  - This paper contains some reflections on the first congress of the German Society
      for Intraocular Lens Implantation in Giessen.

PMID- 3361796
TI  - [Fixation disorders in children with strabismus, cerebral palsy and epilepsy].
AB  - Seventy-five handicapped children with a severe deficiency of the fixation reflex
      are discussed. Fixation is never foveolar; instead, unsteady peripheral wandering
      is typical. Such children show large wandering deviations of the eyes. Vision is
      severely impaired and strabismus is present. The clinical picture is quite
      unmistakable and immediately suggests an underlying cerebral palsy with epilepsy.
      The findings and the consequences are discussed.

PMID- 3361797
TI  - [Spontaneous course of Wegener's granulomatosis].
AB  - Two cases of Wegener's granulomatosis are reported. During the 5 and 9 years
      course of the disease complete remissions and the disappearance of pulmonary
      opacities were found without specific treatment. Since 1970 cytotoxic drugs, e.g.
      cyclophosphamide, are frequently used for the treatment of Wegener's
      granulomatosis. The evaluation of the follow-up showed in these patients that in
      most cases the side-effects of the therapy, and not the primary disease, limited
      the life-expectancy. This especially applies for patients with mild forms of
      Wegener's granulomatosis, in which the initiation of a cytotoxic therapy should
      carefully be evaluated.

PMID- 3361798
TI  - Food intolerance in duodenal ulcer patients, non ulcer dyspeptic patients and
      healthy subjects. A prospective study.
AB  - In 50 duodenal ulcer out-patients and 50 non ulcer dyspeptic patients suffering
      from low to moderate epigastric painful symptoms the intolerance of 39 foods were
      significantly increased compared to a group of 50 healthy subjects. Food
      intolerance was not different between duodenal ulcer and non ulcer dyspeptic
      patients. Intolerance was related in the majority of nutrients to aversion and
      pain or to an increased incidence of aversion alone in patients and normals. In
      duodenal ulcer, coffee and fruit juice were associated with an elevated incidence
      of pain.

PMID- 3361800
TI  - [94th meeting of the German Society for Internal Medicine. 10-14 April 1988,
      Wiesbaden. Abstracts of proceedings and posters].

PMID- 3361799
TI  - [Dopaminergic receptors in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3361801
TI  - [Clinico-anatomical analysis of early complications and causes of death in
      pancreatic necrosis in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3361802
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course and correction of carbohydrate metabolism
      in patients after total pancreatectomy].

PMID- 3361803
TI  - [Alcohol and hematopoiesis].

PMID- 3361804
TI  - [Alcohol and hepatic porphyria].

PMID- 3361805
TI  - [A case of long-term observation of a patient with toxoplasmic myocarditis and
      endocarditis].

PMID- 3361806
TI  - [A case of benign stomach ulcer in a patient with Addison-Biermer anemia].

PMID- 3361807
TI  - [Hemorrhagic infarction-pneumonia in an allergic reaction to antibiotics].

PMID- 3361808
TI  - [Characteristics of the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant stomach
      ulcers].

PMID- 3361809
TI  - [Thoraco-abdominal and abdominal-thoracic syndromes in surgical practice].

PMID- 3361810
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3361811
TI  - [Kinetics of myoglobin and anti-myoglobin antibodies in the blood of patients
      with myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3361812
TI  - [Psychoemotional tests in cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 3361813
TI  - [Arterial hypertension in patients with arteriosclerosis of the aorta and major
      arteries].

PMID- 3361814
TI  - [Dissecting aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3361815
TI  - [Difficulties and possibilities in the diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 3361816
TI  - [Effect of ticlopidine on hemostasis in patients with diabetic microangiopathy].

PMID- 3361818
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of duodenal ulcer associated with
      opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 3361817
TI  - [Errors and difficulties in the diagnosis of combined diseases].

PMID- 3361819
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical tactics in large and giant duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 3361820
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis with the symptoms of perforated
      stomach ulcer or acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 3361821
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of combined cardiac arrhythmias].

PMID- 3361822
TI  - [Local treatment of non-healing gastroduodenal ulcers with solcoseryl].

PMID- 3361823
TI  - [Clinical aspects of post-gastrectomy peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3361824
TI  - [Approach to the individual treatment of chronic duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 3361825
TI  - [Luminescence endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastric ulcers and polyps of the
      large intestine].

PMID- 3361826
TI  - [Intraoperative methods of examination of the biliary tract in chronic acalculous
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 3361827
TI  - [Parameters of hemostasis in persons with neurocirculatory dystonia under
      conditions of "dry" immersion].
AB  - Twelve volunteers, aged 45-55 years, with hypertension type neurocirculatory
      dystonia were exposed to 7-day "dry" immersion. Plasma, platelet and vessel
      hemostasis was investigated. "Dry" immersion was found to stimulate
      hypercoagulatory changes in the above hemostasis systems. It was also shown that
      the test subjects developed a slow process of readaptation.

PMID- 3361828
TI  - [Importance of a nutritional factor in the changes in carbohydrate and lipid
      metabolism in a human under neuro-emotional stress].
AB  - Two experiments were performed on 16 test subjects (13 men and 3 women) to study
      stress-effects on the blood content of sugar and cholesterol. The test subjects
      were given a nutritionally balanced diet of canned food-stuffs. The caloric value
      of the diet was adequate to energy expenditures. In the first experiment, the
      test subjects were also given vitamin E, nicotinic acid and other vitamins
      constituting the polyvitamin complex Aerovit. In the second experiment, they were
      additionally supplemented with calcium and potassium salts, glucose and
      phosphatid concentrate. The stress-agent was a test in the rotating chair in the
      first experiment and a psychologic test (mental work within a limited period of
      time to reach success or failure) in the second experiment. The content of sugar
      and cholesterol before and after the stress-effects did not differ significantly.
      This can be attributed to the prophylactic effect of the nutritional factor on
      carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in an emotionally stressed man.

PMID- 3361829
TI  - [Analysis of clinical symptoms of cases of human decompression disease in
      altitude chamber studies].
AB  - Over 2400 altitude chamber ascents in which 130 volunteers participated were
      performed using different decompression tables. The cases of decompression
      disease were classified in terms of its types and severity. It is stressed that
      the experiments involved in decompression studies have to be extremely careful
      because the disease may have various and sudden manifestations.

PMID- 3361830
TI  - [Electroencephalographic changes in response to the equilibrium test and rhythmic
      light flashes].
AB  - Reliable diagnosis of CNS noise resistance is very important in the selection of
      operators, pilots and cosmonauts. This dictated a study the purpose of which was
      to investigate neocortex biopotentials of 74 test subjects during equilibrium
      tests in the presence or absence of 12 Hz light flashes. Electrocardiographic and
      stabilographic recordings were taken from 6 sites of the left neocortex during
      equilibrium tests (standing on toes) and during light stimulation. EEGs were
      processed through correlation-spectral analysis by means of Electronika-60 and EC
      1035 computers. During light stimulation 35 "nonsusceptible" subjects maintained
      equilibrium for as long as 80-100% of the normal time while 39 "susceptible"
      subjects maintained it for only 10-30% of the normal time. In response to light
      stimulation susceptible subjects showed distinct rearrangement of the
      autospectral and coherence functions. The spectral density increased by 115-170%
      and the coherence of biopotentials that corresponded to the light stimulation
      frequency grew by 42-70% (p less than 0.01). Peaks of the function maxima
      occurred at 12 Hz. At the same time the density and coherence of biopotentials in
      the frequency range 6-8 Hz decreased by 50-58% and 15-28%, respectively (p less
      than 0.01). The above changes were more pronounced in the neocortex areas related
      to movement organization, viz. premotor, motor and sensorimotor areas. In the non
      susceptible subjects light stimulation induced no changes in EEG. It is concluded
      that noise resistance of the motor control system depends on the CNS capacity to
      prevent the rhythm of light stimulation to occur in EEGs of motor areas.

PMID- 3361831
TI  - [Cell growth and differentiation of cerebellar organotypical culture of rat
      embryos exposed to microgravity].
AB  - Cerebellar cells of 18-day rat fetuses that developed for 5 days on Cosmos-1514
      and those of synchronous and vivarium controls were cultivated for 21 days in
      Maximov chambers. Light microscopic examinations of live explants and semithin
      sections revealed no disorders in histotypical structures of explants or
      cytopathological changes in Purkinje cells and granule cells. It is concluded
      that space flight effects on the cerebellar morphogenesis of rat fetuses exposed
      to microgravity during days 13 to 18 of their prenatal development did not lead
      to such changes in the differentiation of nerve and glia cells which would cause
      morphogenetic disorders during postflight organotypical cultivation.

PMID- 3361832
TI  - [Effect of different doses of alpha-hydroxydimethyl-gamma-aminopropylidene
      biphosphonate on rat bones].
AB  - For 10 days rats were subcutaneously injected with alpha-hydroxydimethyl-gamma
      aminopropylidene biphosphonate in the dose range 0.005 to 5 mg/kg/day. As shown
      morphometrically, the mass of spongy bone increased linearly with the dose. It
      was found that the drug affected primarily the highly metabolic component of
      spongy bone. The drug had a systemic osteotrophic effect and modified the number
      of osteocytes significantly. When the drug was injected for a long time (up to 60
      days), the number of osteoclasts decreased and the proportion of cells containing
      more than one nucleus remained within normal limits. The number of osteoblasts
      either diminished (in long bones) or remained unchanged (in torso and pelvic
      bones). It is concluded that the osteotrophic effect of the drug is mediated via
      its action on bone resorption the rate of which is inhibited; this is responsible
      for bone mass growth.

PMID- 3361833
TI  - [Results of medical research carried out in 1985 on prolonged space flights].
AB  - This paper presents medical results obtained during the fourth expedition of five
      cosmonauts onboard orbital complexes Salyut-7--Soyuz-T-13 and Salyut-7--Soyuz-T
      14. The cardiovascular system was examined using 36 resting and provocative
      tests. They were performed by means of electrocardiography, tetrapolar
      rheography, arteriovenous pulsography and tachooscillography. In addition, body
      mass and leg volume were measured. The above parameters showed typical variations
      as well as individual changes related to the preflight circulation level and
      environmental effects. The use of modified regimens of provocative tests
      demonstrated their applicability to the assessment of the cardiovascular function
      in space flight.

PMID- 3361834
TI  - [Tolerance to +G(z) acceleration in rhesus monkeys].
AB  - The procedure of Cosmos-1514 selection and training of rhesus-monkeys included
      +Gz acceleration tests. Two experimental series were performed. In the first
      experimental series (52 monkeys) acceleration tolerance was determined with
      respect to general health condition and behavioral responses of animals,
      electrocardiographic data (in three standard leads), heart rate and respiration
      rate. In the second experimental series acceleration tolerance was measured on
      the basis of blood pressure and flow velocity in the common carotid artery.
      Rhesus-monkeys exhibited noticeable individual variations in +Gz tolerance as
      well as in circulation responses to this exposure. The tests helped to select
      flight animals with a high level of acceleration tolerance.

PMID- 3361835
TI  - [Effect of low-frequency whole-body vertical vibration on the serotoninergic
      system of the brain and spinal cord].
AB  - Rat experiments were performed to study variations in serotonin (5-HT) and its
      metabolite (5-hydroxy indole acetic acid) in different CNS compartments. Control
      animals were exposed to an acute vibration stress (10 Hz, 1 mm, 2 m/sec2, 15 min)
      and experimental animals to a prolonged (52-54 days) vibration test. Acute
      vibration led to 5-HT activation which was most significant in the hippocampus,
      diencephalon, cerebellum and in the sacrolumbar cord. Prolonged vibration caused
      an increase of 5-HT in the parietal cortex and its enhanced utilization in the
      striatum, diencephalon, pons and in the sacrolumbar cord. As compared to the
      controls, vibration produced a smaller accumulation of 5-HT in the hippocampus
      and a larger accumulation in the cerebellum, diencephalon, medulla oblongata and
      spinal cord. The paper discusses the role of regional changes in 5-HT metabolism
      and reactivity of serotoninergic structures in the mechanism of vibration-related
      somatosensory disorders.

PMID- 3361836
TI  - [Features of blood coagulating and fibrinolytic properties under the action of
      epinephrine in hypoxia and hypercapnia].
AB  - Acute experiments were carried out on 50 dogs to study the effect of epinephrine
      in hypoxic (N2 - 15 to 10% O2) or hypoxic-hypercapnic (N2 - 10%, O2 - 5% CO2)
      atmospheres. Epinephrine led to a maximum increase of blood coagulation and
      fibrinolysis in normoxic atmosphere. Hypoxia reduced the shift of most hemostasis
      parameters in response to epinephrine. However, in N2 - 10% O2 atmosphere the
      epinephrine-induced increase of blood coagulation was superimposed on initial
      hypoxic hypercoagulation and caused serious disorders in hemostasis. In hypoxic
      hypercapnic atmosphere increase of blood coagulation in response to epinephrine
      was more than doubled when compared to that in hypoxic atmosphere, reaching
      control values. Nevertheless, after epinephrine administration the ratio of
      coagulatory, anticoagulatory and fibrinolytic activities was more beneficial in
      hypoxia-hypercapnia and the coagulation potential was lower than in hypoxic or
      normoxic atmospheres.

PMID- 3361837
TI  - [Hemorrhage and hemostasis in guinea pigs irradiated under high altitude
      conditions].
AB  - Hemorrhagic intensity, hemostasis and blood vessel wall resistance to mechanical
      effects were studied in guinea-pigs exposed to whole-body irradiation (3.0 Gy).
      The animals were irradiated at low altitude (760 m above sea level) and at high
      altitude (3200 m above sea level) after 1 and 31 day of adaptation. It was
      demonstrated that hemorrhagic intensity in both groups of guinea-pigs irradiated
      at high altitude was significantly reduced in comparison with that at low
      altitude. The decrease of radiation-induced hemorrhages at high altitude is
      associated with less severe changes in thrombopoiesis, blood vessel wall and
      blood coagulation.

PMID- 3361838
TI  - [Biological patterns of the development of lower monkeys during postnatal
      ontogenesis].
AB  - In 840 male rhesus-monkeys relationships between age, height, weight and growth
      rate were examined. In terms of growth rate the following five age periods were
      identified in the predefinitive stage of postnatal ontogenesis: childhood--from
      birth to 9 months of age, adolescence--from 9 months to 3 years, accelerated
      growth or pubescence--from 3 to 4.5 years, growth completion--from 4.5 to 7-8
      years, and physiological maturity (definitive stage)--over 8 years of age. The
      above age periods derived from growth curves are consistent with the development
      of the dental system, reproductive organs and other biological signs of postnatal
      ontogenesis. The relationships between calendar age, height and weight with
      respect to each age period are described by linear regression equations. The
      basic patterns of physical development, periods of postnatal ontogenesis and
      somatometric characterization described above help to objectively monitor the
      physical fitness of rhesus-monkeys, to adequately select animals identical in
      terms of their biological age, and to reliably plan long-term studies on this
      primate species.

PMID- 3361839
TI  - [Status of human hemodynamics during water immersion in different postures of
      immersion].
AB  - Central and peripheral hemodynamics was investigated in 16 essentially healthy
      volunteers who performed a routine tilt test or a tilt test in water immersion.
      Unlike tilt tests carried out before water immersion, the supine to up-right
      transfer in water did not change cardiac rhythm, cardiac output, leg blood flow
      or other circulation parameters. The fact that there are no posture-related
      circulation changes in water immersion suggests that the horizontal and upright
      positions in water can be viewed as hemodynamically similar.

PMID- 3361840
TI  - [Method for evaluating biorhythm changes in human physiological functions].

PMID- 3361841
TI  - [Use of the method of principal components to analyze multidimensional
      quantitative information in biomedical research].

PMID- 3361842
TI  - [Automatic spectrometric complex for measuring radiation characteristics of
      cosmic rays on Prognoz-9 space stations].

PMID- 3361843
TI  - [Acetone liquid-phase oxidation with hydrogen peroxide on oxide catalysts].

PMID- 3361844
TI  - [Erythrocyte metabolism in hyperoxygenated men under conditions of
      antiorthostatic hypokinesia].

PMID- 3361845
TI  - [Effect of different regimens of voluntary respiration control on the
      electroencephalogram of men exposed to hypoxic hypoxia].

PMID- 3361846
TI  - [Experimental study of the protective effect of enzymic antioxidants--superoxide
      dismutase and catalase--during hyperbaric oxygenation applied in intermittent
      toxic regimens].

PMID- 3361847
TI  - [A method for measuring absolute linear parameters of chromosomes].

PMID- 3361848
TI  - Combined tracheal and esophageal transection from blunt trauma to the neck.

PMID- 3361849
TI  - The physician and the living will.

PMID- 3361851
TI  - Statistics.

PMID- 3361850
TI  - Medical ethics committee of the SCMA opinion on S.C. Death with Dignity Act.

PMID- 3361852
TI  - Open letter to the S.C. PRO.

PMID- 3361853
TI  - Variations in aphasic language behaviors.
AB  - This study reports intraindividual variations in the semantic and syntactic
      complexity of language and in the linguistic errors produced by mildly and
      moderately impaired aphasic and nonneurologically impaired control subjects in
      different communication contexts. Aphasic patients, compared to control subjects,
      evidenced as many, if not more, linguistic variations in response to changing
      communication requirements. In conditions that restricted visual contact between
      speaker and listener, aphasic patients produced fewer communicative gestures and
      more complex verbalizations. Verbal complexity and language errors also varied
      significantly with different contents of communication. Measures of verbal
      complexity and errors in verbal communications were found to vary independently
      across different communication contexts, contents, and tasks. These findings
      demonstrate that despite their linguistic impairments, aphasic patients show
      appropriate and predictable linguistic changes in response to nonlinguistic
      social contextual variables.

PMID- 3361854
TI  - Developmental phonology: 18-29 months.
AB  - Utterances of 60 normally developing children, who were within 6 months of their
      second birthdays, were analyzed for occurrences of phonological processes. The
      subjects were divided equally into three chronological age groups: (a) 1:6-1:9,
      (b) 1:10-2:1, and (c) 2:2-2:5. The most prevalent phonological processes
      evidenced by all three groups were cluster reduction and deviations involving
      liquids (e.g., gliding). Phonological process percentage-of-occurrence means were
      considerably lower for the middle group than for the youngest group, with the
      most dramatic differences occurring for syllable reduction and postvocalic
      singleton omission. Potential clinical applications of the data for ascertaining
      what constitutes disordered phonological development in preschool children are
      discussed, as well as implications for specifying remediation priorities.

PMID- 3361855
TI  - The prevalence of stuttering in the hearing-impaired school age population.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of stuttering in the
      current hearing-impaired school age population. Backus (1938) and Harms and
      Malone (1939) found a low incidence of stuttering in the hearing-impaired
      population in surveys conducted almost 50 years ago. Those surveys asked for
      information only on speech disfluency and did not collect information on
      disfluency in manual communication. The present survey was sent to 150 regional,
      private, and state schools for the hearing impaired. Seventy-seven schools
      responded, representing a total of 9,930 students enrolled. Twelve hearing
      impaired students were reported who stutter: 3 were reported to stutter in the
      oral mode only, 6 in manual communication only, and 3 in both modes. The results
      indicate that the prevalence of stuttering in the hearing-impaired population is
      0.12% and that perceived manual disfluency is more prevalent than oral
      disfluency.

PMID- 3361856
TI  - Acquisition of spoken and signed English by hearing-impaired children of hearing
      impaired or hearing parents.
AB  - This study examines the degree to which hearing-impaired children of hearing
      impaired parents (HIP) demonstrate an advantage in their acquisition of signed
      and spoken English over hearing-impaired children of hearing parents (HP). A
      subset from the normative sample of the Grammatical Analysis of Elicited
      Language, 50 HIP children and 50 HP children, were matched in terms of their
      educational program, hearing level, and age. Results indicate that both groups
      had comparably poor expressive English language ability at 5 and 6 years of age.
      However, at age 7 and 8 HIP children demonstrated a significant linguistic
      advantage in both their spoken and signed English over HP children. Because the
      production of English by HIP children closely resembled that of orally educated
      hearing-impaired children of hearing parents, consistent language stimulation
      throughout the child's early years may be a critical factor in the development of
      English, regardless of the language or mode of expression.

PMID- 3361857
TI  - A follow-up study of children with phonologic disorders of unknown origin.
AB  - Recent emphasis on early intervention programming for children with speech delays
      of unknown origin has yielded considerable literature on alternative forms of
      assessment and management. Less is known about the long-term special educational
      needs of such children. This study reviews the exceptional educational needs
      histories of 36 children who had received preschool speech services at a
      phonology clinic. Findings indicate that a high percentage of children continued
      to have speech and language and other special educational needs as they neared
      middle school and beyond. Many children eventually required special class
      placements. Discussion focuses on issues in classification, prediction, and
      management. On the bases of both original and follow-up data in this and other
      studies, the term phonological disorder appears to be appropriate for
      approximately 75%-80% of children referred early for speech disorders of unknown
      origin.

PMID- 3361858
TI  - Fluharty preschool speech and language screening test: analysis of construct
      validity.
AB  - The Fluharty Preschool Speech and Language Screening Test was examined in terms
      of construct validity. Analysis of the test was based on results of 260 preschool
      children, aged 3-6. Although age differentiation was moderately demonstrated--as
      was the need for separate language subtests--results for internal consistency,
      discriminant analysis, and item difficulty analysis raised questions as to the
      usefulness and appropriateness of many test items. The test as a whole was not
      found to be racially biased; however, individual test items may be.

PMID- 3361859
TI  - Factors associated with dysphonia in high school cheerleaders.
AB  - Questionnaire responses that encompassed the severity of acute, cheering-related
      dysphonia, typical vocal use, vocal history, medical history, smoking and
      drinking behaviors, and A-Scale personality characteristics were obtained from
      146 female high school cheerleaders. Multiple-regression analysis was chosen to
      examine the degree to which the dysphonia severity items could be associated with
      the remaining items. The results indicated that acute, cheering-related dysphonia
      may be preceded or accompanied by a compact set of clinical signs that could be
      incorporated easily into a screening protocol for prospective cheerleaders.

PMID- 3361860
TI  - Speech segment durations produced by healthy and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - Speech segment durations of various lengths were measured to study the effect of
      asthma. Subjects produced 5 min of conversation and a monologue and counted at a
      rate of two numbers per second at two loudness levels. The number of syllables
      per breath was determined for all tasks. Average sound pressure level, individual
      segments such as voice onset time, word duration, pause time, and total duration
      of the activity were compared between groups for the counting tasks. Results
      revealed that asthmatic speakers met the sound level requirements of loud
      counting and generally produced speech segment durations similar to healthy
      subjects. Asthmatic subjects increased pause time between speech segments,
      produced fewer syllables per breath, and spent a larger percentage of time in
      nonspeech ventilatory activity than the healthy subjects, presumably to meet
      metabolic needs.

PMID- 3361861
TI  - Efficacy of a distinctive feature model of therapy for hearing-impaired
      adolescents.
AB  - Extensive measures of speech production and perception were secured before and
      after the individualized training of 75 hearing-impaired postsecondary students
      to evaluate the efficacy of therapy. Additional measures of hearing, reading,
      writing, nonverbal intelligence, and manual and simultaneous communication
      reception were made to explore variables that might influence response to
      training. Significant improvements in vowel, word and sentence production, and
      word and sentence perception were observed. Pretherapy measures of speech
      production and perception were the most powerful factors explaining variability
      in posttest scores. Other variables predicting the outcome of speech therapy were
      residual hearing and linguistic competence. Clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 3361862
TI  - Evaluating the treatment effect of repeated probes.
AB  - This study investigated the effect of the administration of frequent and
      infrequent probe lists on generalization to novel stimuli. Four subjects with
      multiple functional articulation errors were taught to produce two different
      sounds, and generalization was measured on three probe lists. Two of the probe
      lists (one for each sound) were administered infrequently, and the third probe
      list (for one sound) was presented at each treatment session. The results
      indicated that the frequent rate of administration of probe lists did not produce
      any predictable effect on the extent of generalization or the occurrence of a
      practice effect. In general, the data continue to support the use of probe lists
      as an effective tool to measure generalization.

PMID- 3361863
TI  - Normal language skills and normal intelligence in a child with de Lange syndrome.
AB  - The subject of this case report is a 2-year, 7-month-old girl with de Lange
      syndrome, normal intelligence, and age-appropriate language skills. She
      demonstrated initial delays in gross motor skills and in receptive and expressive
      language but responded well to intensive speech and language intervention, as
      well as to physical therapy. This favorable outcome provides an important example
      of the beneficial effects of therapy, even for clients with conditions generally
      believed to have a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3361864
TI  - Effects and analysis of the menstrual cycle.
AB  - The menstrual cycle is much more than a cycle of periods. Menstruation is only
      one manifestation of the ovarian cycle which is itself associated with more than
      200 physical, psychological and behavioural changes. Numerous medical disorders
      also appear to be modulated by cyclical ovarian activity. Objective assessment of
      these cyclical changes can be difficult. One approach is by trend analysis, which
      can be used to provide both qualitative and quantitative information concerning
      daily menstrual cycle data. The application of this technique to the assessment
      of menstrual cycle symptoms and the premenstrual syndrome are demonstrated.

PMID- 3361865
TI  - New approaches to transillumination imaging.
AB  - A review of the current state of transillumination imaging for the detection and
      diagnosis of breast cancer and the difficulties that impede more widespread
      acceptance of the methods is presented. An outline is given of the physical
      models that may be used to describe the propagation and scattering of light in a
      tissue matrix and how these models might be valuable in identifying imaging
      improvements. Some of the proposals for future imaging arrangements are described
      and the preliminary work on a system for light transmission computed tomography
      is presented.

PMID- 3361866
TI  - Mammobarography: a possible method of mass breast screening.
AB  - Preliminary details are given of a novel method of detecting breast lumps. The
      technique relies on the fact that such a lump will cause a perturbation in the
      pressure distribution when the breast is loaded against a flat plate. The
      pressure distribution is monitored by using the principle of frustrated total
      internal reflection to generate a brightness distribution which can then be
      presented as a contour map in synthesized colour. Using this technique, simulated
      lumps in breast prostheses have been detected down to a diameter of 6 mm. It is
      argued that this represents the basis of a method of mass breast screening.

PMID- 3361867
TI  - Current developments in non-invasive measurement of arterial blood pressure.
AB  - Two new types of non-invasive method for measuring arterial blood pressure
      recently developed by us are reviewed. Both of the methods are based on the
      characteristics of the pressure-volume relationship in the artery. One is the
      volume-oscillometric method; and the other is the volume-compensation method,
      based on the vascular unloading principle. Both methods employ photoelectric
      plethysmography for detection of arterial volume changes in the biological
      segment. The volume-oscillometric method can measure systolic and mean arterial
      pressure, and is applicable to long-term ambulatory monitoring. The volume
      compensation method allows the beat-by-beat measurement of systolic and diastolic
      pressure and the recording of the pressure waveform continuously and non
      invasively. This paper discusses the measurement principle and evaluates the
      accuracy of each method as compared with direct measurements. Preliminary
      descriptions of newly designed instruments based on these two methods, and a few
      examples of the indirect pressure recordings, are also described. The results
      obtained show that the non-invasive methods for measuring arterial pressure
      presented here appear promising for use not only in physiological studies, but
      also in clinical practice and research laboratories.

PMID- 3361868
TI  - Review of chemical sensors for physiological measurement.
AB  - The continuous measurement of chemical species is important for physiological and
      biochemical research and for critical care medicine. Chemical sensors are being
      developed for the measurement of a wide range of analytes, especially gases,
      vapours, ions, catabolites, drugs and hormones. The mechanical form of these
      sensors may be adapted for use in single cells, tissue fluid and blood vessels,
      on the skin surface, in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Optical and
      electro-chemical principles are now used widely for sensor design, and advances
      in electronic fabrication methods and in optical fibres, sources, and detectors,
      have been important.

PMID- 3361869
TI  - Optical assessment of dental pulp vitality.
AB  - The assessment of dental pulp vitality is an important part of oral diagnosis.
      Conventional tests stimulate the nerves in the pulp and rely on a subjective
      response from the patient. The use of an optical method for assessment of pulp
      vitality has been investigated. Fibre optic light guides were used to transmit
      light to and from the tooth and signal processing was employed to enhance the
      resulting signal. Valid pulse signals were differentiated from artefactual
      signals by analysis of signal parameters. Artefactual signals were found to have
      coefficients of variability that are greater than 40% for amplitude and greater
      than 25% for phase. With this technique it has been possible to recognize a pulse
      signal from over 70% of healthy teeth. Further work is in progress to develop the
      technique to a state where it can be used as a routine clinical tool.

PMID- 3361870
TI  - Flexible approach to amperometric oxygen determination.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo results obtained from a novel flexible amperometric oxygen
      sensor are reported. The sensor is fabricated using thin film deposition
      techniques and is operated by the application of a pulsed waveform. Development
      of the sensor was undertaken in order to produce a device that is capable of
      being sited at the interface of a wound and an overlying wound dressing. Oxygen
      determinations in such an environment would aid in gaining an understanding of
      the role of oxygen in wound healing and the type of wound dressing that would
      provide an environment conducive towards wound healing. In vitro data indicate
      that linearity of response is good although other performance characteristics are
      irreproducible. In vivo response to oxygen has been observed 50 h after insertion
      into a porcine sham wound. Expected trends were followed when changes to the
      oxygen regime of the wound space were effected, but absolute values of oxygen
      tension are difficult to state with certainty. This may be due to poor
      calibration stability and inadequate sealing of the sensor from the surrounding
      environment.

PMID- 3361871
TI  - Measurement of small-intestinal motor activity in the preterm infant.
AB  - The development of motor activity within the small intestine of preterm human
      infants is very poorly understood. Using a miniaturized multilumen continuous
      perfusion manometric technique the motor activity of the small intestine was
      followed longitudinally in a group of preterm infants. The system performed well
      at very low perfusion rates and clearly showed increases in both the magnitude
      and organization of motor activity with increasing gestational age.

PMID- 3361872
TI  - Detection of the fetal ECG during labour by an intrauterine probe.
AB  - The feasibility of detecting the fetal ECG (FECG) from within the uterus in
      labour by a technique which is non-invasive to the fetus, has been investigated.
      The design of a special multi-electrode flexible probe has demonstrated that the
      FECG can be obtained with signal amplitudes of 20-300 microV and a success rate
      similar to that of the scalp electrode. Under favourable conditions very large
      signals can be detected in utero compared to a scalp electrode, but average
      signal amplitudes are lower. The probe is suitable as a carrier for other sensors
      such as pressure and temperature transducers. Currently, simultaneous FECG and
      intrauterine pressure measurement using a commercially available transducer
      within the same probe has been achieved.

PMID- 3361873
TI  - Ion-selective sensors for assessment of the fetus.
AB  - Frequent measurement of pH and PCO2 levels of fetal blood during labour provides
      an insight into the presence and nature of fetal asphyxia, effectiveness of in
      utero resuscitation and the need for operative delivery. A pH measuring system
      utilizing a hydrogen ion-selective polymer membrane built into a fetal probe
      suitable for making intermittent measurements on the fetal scalp during labour is
      described. Probe design, construction of electrodes and preliminary results
      obtained using the system in vitro are presented.

PMID- 3361874
TI  - Development of a sensor for non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement in the
      newborn.
AB  - A new system has been developed for the non-invasive monitoring of intracranial
      pressure (ICP) across the anterior fontanelle in the newborn. The system
      comprises a very small pneumatic sensor linked via two vinyl tubes to an
      instrument where the ICP value is displayed. The sensor is simply bonded to the
      anterior fontanelle, using industrial collodion normally used for attaching EEG
      electrodes. The sensor body is injection moulded in semi-flexible polyurethane
      with a very thin, compliant membrane bonded to its front surface. Using these
      manufacturing techniques the sensors are made to be disposable thus minimizing
      the risk of cross infection. ICP characteristics can now be recorded continuously
      in a wide range of neonates and the evaluation of currently used therapeutic
      treatments for lowering elevated ICP can be carried out safely and accurately.

PMID- 3361875
TI  - Clinical aspects of the Chailey Adaptaseat.
AB  - A methodological assessment procedure for seating has been established and seven
      levels of sitting ability defined from which prescription criteria for seating
      are established. The inappropriateness of intimately moulded seating for
      individuals with sitting abilities of levels 2-7 is explained and the principle
      features of the Chailey Adaptaseat described. The sitting ability of six children
      and adolescents taking part in the clinical trials of the prototype Adaptaseat
      has improved or been maintained and a brief case history of a 26-year-old man
      with cerebral palsy is presented.

PMID- 3361876
TI  - Impact of advanced manufacturing technology on prosthetic and orthotic practice.
AB  - Radical changes in the technology applied to prosthetics and orthotics are being
      proposed. This paper attempts to define the scope and character of advanced
      manufacturing technology and examines the rehabilitation problems which are or
      could be tackled. Lower-limb prosthetics has been the major area under
      investigation so far, but orthopaedic footwear, spinal orthotics and custom
      seating for the disabled have also been investigated using similar technological
      approaches. The whole process of patient measurement, device design, and
      component manufacture is conceived as an integrated system relying upon shape or
      tissue property sensing, computer based device design and computer-numerically
      controlled or robot manufacturing processes. The aim is to retain flexibility for
      custom design which is necessary to provide for individual patients, and yet
      improve the rapidity and precision of overall device manufacture and service
      delivery.

PMID- 3361877
TI  - Practical low cost stand/sit system for mid-thoracic paraplegics.
AB  - The use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to enable paraplegics to stand
      is not new or indeed difficult to undertake under laboratory conditions. However,
      there are substantial problems to overcome before such systems can be used
      routinely by patients without professional supervision. The overriding
      consideration has to be one of safety, i.e. the system must be 'fail safe'.
      Secondly, the system must be quick and easy to use in a wide variety of
      locations, otherwise it will not provide any increase in function. Finally, it
      must be inexpensive enough to be available to a large number of paraplegics. The
      primary aim of our work was to provide such a system to enable mid-thoracic
      lesion paraplegics to stand wherever they wish. This involved the development of
      a microprocessor-based stimulator to enable the stimulating envelope to be
      individually tailored to a given patient's requirements and the provision of
      closed loop control to minimize fatigue. A folding standing frame was also
      designed which replaces the arm rests on a standard wheelchair. Using this
      system, the user is able to stand within 30 s of stopping and can remain standing
      for up to 10 min. Cosmetic calipers (knee-ankle-foot orthoses) are also being
      used for paraplegics who require to stand for longer periods. It is hoped that
      such a system will provide stable standing for a large number of paraplegics at a
      unit cost of approximately 750 pound.

PMID- 3361878
TI  - Hybrid FES orthosis incorporating closed loop control and sensory feedback.
AB  - A hybrid functional electrical stimulation (FES) orthosis is described,
      comprising a rigid ankle-foot brace, a multi-channel FES stimulator with surface
      electrodes, body mounted sensors, a 'rule-based' controller and an electro
      cutaneous display for supplementary sensory feedback. The mechanical brace
      provides stability, without FES activation of muscles, for standing postures
      normally adopted by patients. This avoids inducing muscle fatigue during
      prolonged upright activity. However, stability is conditional upon the position
      of the ground reaction vector (GRV) relative to the knee joint. The finite state
      FES controller reacts automatically to destabilizing shifts of the GRV by
      stimulating appropriate anti-gravity musculature to brace the leg. The FES system
      also features a control mode to initiate and terminate flexion of the leg during
      forward progression. A simple mode of supplementary sensory feedback was used
      during the laboratory standing tests to assist the patient in maintaining a set
      posture. Preliminary results of laboratory tests for two spinal cord injured
      subjects are presented.

PMID- 3361879
TI  - Reduction of muscle fatigue in man by cyclical stimulation.
AB  - In order to develop a control system for electrical stimulation of paralysed
      muscle and improve muscle resistance to fatigue, it is useful to investigate the
      possibilities of simulating the control systems of the normal body. One way is
      the periodic shifting of stimulation from one muscle to another. This technique
      is called sequential stimulation and allows sufficient rest time for each muscle
      to reduce fatigue and consequently prolong muscle strength. It can also be seen
      to improve the muscle recovery time. In the following study, the muscles rectus
      femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis were used to keep the knee locked
      and extended during stimulation. Several experiments were carried out using a
      three-channel computer controlled stimulator. The results for three-phase
      sequential stimulation (33% duty cycle per muscle) were most effective and
      significantly improved the muscle fatigue characteristics.

PMID- 3361880
TI  - Basic module for an adaptive control system based on neurone information
      processing.
AB  - The design of such devices as robotic aids for handicapped people, powered
      prostheses and manipulative aids such as page turners would benefit from the use
      of an adaptive control system. Much recent work on adaptive networks has been
      based on simplified models of the information processing capabilities of
      neurones. Neurones are now known to be capable of association learning and memory
      and this study incorporates these features in a neurone model. A single neuronal
      input system, the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, is modelled by deriving finite
      difference equations from its reaction dynamics so that the concentration of
      several molecules in the receptor can be plotted as a function of time. The model
      shows association learning taking place at the glutamate receptor. A whole
      neurone with ten glutamate receptor regions is also modelled and shows that a
      neurone should be capable of recognizing patterns of inputs. As the neurone model
      is complicated and slow to run, a much simplified form of the model is described
      which embodies the basic features of neurone information processing in a simple
      algorithm.

PMID- 3361881
TI  - Selected papers presented at the 27th annual scientific meeting of the Biological
      Engineering Society. Oxford, UK, 2-4 September, 1987.

PMID- 3361882
TI  - Total denervation stabilizes the infarcted canine myocardium.
AB  - The effect of total cardiac denervation upon the electrophysiology of infarcted
      canine myocardium was studied at both organ and cellular levels. Fifteen dogs
      underwent coronary ligation to produce an infarct at the apex of the left
      ventricle (Group 1, n = 15). A second group of dogs (Group 2, n = 14) underwent
      total intrapericardial denervation with subsequent infarct 15.0 +/- 0.3 (mean +/-
      SEM) days later. All animals had bipolar epicardial pacing electrodes placed on
      the right ventricle and the infarct border zone of the left ventricle. Strength
      interval curves were performed one or two times per week in conscious animals to
      assess cardiac excitability. Animals were sacrificed 18.1 +/- 0.5 days following
      infarct and histologic studies were performed to determine infarct size. Standard
      microelectrode techniques were also utilized to determine cellular parameters.
      Denervation was found to lengthen the absolute refractory period and prevent
      increases in the relative refractory period which were observed in innervated
      animals following infarct. Isolated tissue data including measurements of maximal
      rate of depolarization, mean diastolic potential, action potential amplitude,
      action potential duration at 50% repolarization, and effective refractory period
      indicated that denervation protects against cellular deterioration and improves
      electrophysiologic cellular characteristics. These studies suggest that under
      conditions of myocardial ischemia, denervation produces an electrically more
      stable myocardium which is less excitable and probably less vulnerable to lethal
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3361883
TI  - Canine model for surgical correction of chronic venous hypertension.
AB  - A chronic model of venous hypertension was created by iliofemoral venous ligation
      in the left hindlimb of eight greyhounds (right limb control). Prior to ligation,
      immediately postligation (T0), and at 2, 4, 6, and 15 weeks postligation (T2
      T15), bilateral hindlimb venous pressures were measured at rest. At T2-T15,
      exercise pressures were measured for 5 min after hindlimb muscle contraction
      induced under sedation by tetanic (20 sec, 50 Hz, 8 mA) stimulus (S30-S300 sec).
      Resting and exercise pressures were significantly higher in the ligated hindlimb
      at all time intervals (resting, P less than 0.001 at T0, T2, T4, T6, and P less
      than 0.025 at T15; exercise, P less than 0.001 for S30-S300 at T2-T15). In five
      of the animals at 15 weeks, a cross-femoral venous bypass (CFB) with adjacent
      adjuvant arteriovenous fistula (AVF) was constructed using autologous external
      jugular vein. Venous pressures were measured at 2 and 6 weeks post-CFB both at
      rest and after tetanic muscle stimulation. At 2 weeks, venous pressure in the
      ligated limb was significantly higher than that in control only after exercise (P
      less than 0.025 at S30-S120; P less than 0.05 at S150-S180; NS at S240-S300). At
      6 weeks, venous pressures were not significantly different at rest or with
      exercise. All five grafts were patent at 6 weeks. Three of five dogs then
      successfully underwent ligation of the AVF. At 2 weeks post-AVF ligation there
      was no difference in resting or exercise venous pressure in the ligated limb
      compared to control. At 6 weeks post-AVF ligation only two dogs remained for
      monitoring and in these there was no trend toward venous hypertension in the
      ligated hindlimb. Graft patency was maintained despite AVF ligation.

PMID- 3361884
TI  - Metastatic phenotype in murine cells transfected with human DNA.
AB  - DNAs of cell lines derived from human metastatic tumors were transfected into
      tumorigenic, nonmetastasizing murine cells (BALB 3T12-3) to determine if the
      capacity to metastasize could be conferred by this transfer of portions of the
      human genome. Using the calcium phosphate method, whole cell DNA was
      cotransfected into the murine cells along with a neomycin-resistance gene.
      Recipient murine cells (10(6] which grew in neomycin, indicating successful
      transfection, were injected via tail vein into 4- to 6-week-old male athymic nude
      mice. Animals were sacrificed if they appeared ill or at times up to 24 weeks
      after injection if they remained healthy. Murine cells transfected with DNA from
      one cell line derived from a hepatic metastasis of a human pancreatic
      adenocarcinoma (NCI-ZRY) formed experimental pulmonary metastases in 11 of 13
      animals injected. Neither murine cells (unmanipulated BALB 3T12-3 cells) nor
      murine cells transfected with DNA from the same cell type (BALB 3T12-3 cells
      transfected with BALB 3T12-3 DNA) produced experimental metastases when each cell
      type was injected into 20 and 10 animals, respectively (P2 less than 0.0001). The
      results are consistent with the hypothesis that expression of a structural or
      regulatory protein encoded on human DNA conferred the metastatic phenotype to the
      recipient murine cells.

PMID- 3361885
TI  - Ketoconazole: a thromboxane synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with
      antimetastatic activity in B16-F10 melanoma.
AB  - Arachidonic acid metabolites have been implicated in the development of
      hematogenous tumor metastases. The purpose of this study was to determine the
      antimetastatic potential of ketoconazole, a thromboxane synthetase and 5
      lipoxygenase inhibitor. One hundred seventy-four C57 black male mice were
      randomized to receive either placebo or 0.0057 mg/g of ketoconazole. Drug and
      placebo were delivered once daily by intraperitoneal injection beginning 24 hr
      prior to tumor injection and continuing until sacrifice. All animals were
      injected subcutaneously in the flank with 5 x 10(6) B16-F10 melanoma cells.
      Animals were sacrificed at 3 weeks (n = 60), 4 weeks (n = 84), and 5 weeks (n =
      30). Metastases were assessed by circumferential inspection of the lungs of all
      animals at autopsy. Differences in survival and primary tumor mass between study
      groups were not statistically significant. Pulmonary metastases were present in
      37/174 animals. Twenty-nine of the mice with metastases were in the placebo
      groups, and 8 were in the ketoconazole groups. The incidence of metastases was
      significantly reduced in the ketoconazole-treated mice compared to placebo both
      within each group and overall, P was less than 0.05 and 0.001, respectively. This
      effect was not mediated through changes in local tumor growth.

PMID- 3361886
TI  - Substrate effects in the post-ischemic myocardium.
AB  - A study was undertaken to examine the effects of glucose versus pyruvate as the
      sole substrate following severe myocardial ischemia. Glycolysis usually
      contributes only a small amount to total ATP production and may be rate limiting
      in providing tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle substrates. Consequently, pyruvate
      may be a more effective substrate by bypassing glycolysis to feed directly to the
      TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Isolated rat hearts were studied in a
      retrograde (Langendorff) perfusion apparatus while in an NMR spectrometer. Rate
      pressure product (RPP), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and the
      unidirectional Pi----ATP rate were measured in control and postischemic hearts
      with or without the inotrope dobutamine. The undirectional Pi----ATP rate was
      higher in the glucose than the pyruvate hearts and the difference increased
      further postischemia. This increase over that of the pyruvate hearts has been
      attributed to a glycolytic component of ATP metabolism. Oxygen consumption was
      higher in pyruvate hearts at equivalent levels of performance. It thus appears
      that the glycolysis rate is significant and may be elevated following severe
      myocardial ischemia. Perfusion with pyruvate requires increased rates of
      oxidative phosphorylation to make up for the loss of glycolytically produced ATP.
      Optimal postischemic substrate delivery may require several compounds, one of
      which should be glucose.

PMID- 3361887
TI  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from human intestinal mucosa: cytotoxic
      activity against tumor cell lines and modified self but not autologous and
      allogeneic colon cancer cells.
AB  - Patients with colorectal cancer respond poorly to in vivo immunotherapy with
      lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells generated from peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC). We postulated that gut-derived immune cells could be a
      more relevant source of LAK cells directed against colorectal cancer. Intestinal
      lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and colonic adenocarcinoma cells were
      isolated from operative specimens by combination of mechanical and enzymatic
      dissociation methods. LAK cells were generated by culturing PBMC and LPMC with
      recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2), with and without OKT3 monoclonal antibody, in
      short- (4 days) and long-term (21 days) cultures. Other cultured tumor cells,
      normal intestinal fibroblasts, and hapten-modified autologous LPMC were used as
      control targets. Cytotoxicity was measured by a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. Short
      term cultured LAK cells exhibited a strong to moderate degree of killing against
      normal intestinal fibroblasts, hapten-modified self cells, and four different
      tumor cell lines. Instead, fresh colon cancer cells were resistant to
      cytotoxicity, regardless of their degree of histologic differentiation and the
      autologous or allogeneic nature of the LAK cells. Long-term culture with IL2
      remarkably increased LAK cell activity against all tumor targets, but not against
      colonic adenocarcinoma cells. The results of this study, showing that freshly
      isolated colon cancer cells are intrinsically resistant in vitro to highly
      activated cytotoxic effector cells, may explain the poor clinical results
      observed in human trials with in vivo administration of IL2 or LAK cells.

PMID- 3361888
TI  - Perioperative suppression of platelet adherence to small-diameter
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts.
AB  - The perioperative effect of platelet antagonists on small-diameter
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts was evaluated in forty-six New Zealand
      white male rabbits receiving either dipyridamole (DPM) 100 mg/kg/day (n = 10;
      group 1), aspirin (ASA) 10 mg/kg/day (n = 10; group 2), a combination of ASA 10
      mg/kg/day and DPM 10 mg/kg/day (n = 9; group 3) or 100 mg/kg/day (n = 10; group
      4), or placebo (n = 7) as single daily doses. All regimens began 72 hr prior to
      insertion of a 20 x 3-mm internal diameter PTFE interposition aortic graft.
      Autologous indium-111 labeled platelets were injected immediately after
      implantation. Graft and an equivalent segment of aorta were harvested after 48
      hr. Graft platelet adherence index (GPAI) was calculated as the graft:reference
      aorta ratio of emissions. The GPAI in the control group was 238 +/- 46 (mean +/-
      SD). Single regimen antiplatelet agents in groups 1 and 2 reduced mean GPAI to 47
      +/- 38 and 40 +/- 12, respectively. The combination regimen in group 3 lowered
      mean GPAI to 43 +/- 8 and in group 4 to 21 +/- 7. Platelet uptake in PTFE grafts
      at 48 hr is significantly lowered to 8.8 to 19.7% of control by perioperative
      antiplatelet agents given as a single daily oral dose (P less than 0.001). ASA
      alone and DPM alone provided similar suppression of platelet uptake, but
      combination ASA + low dose or high dose DPM gave significantly greater (P less
      than 0.001) suppression of early platelet deposition than the single agent
      regimens. These results support perioperative administration of combination oral
      antiplatelet agents as adjunctive therapy in small diameter prosthetic graft
      implantation.

PMID- 3361890
TI  - Lumbar hernia.

PMID- 3361889
TI  - Retroperitoneal lipoma manifested as an adnexal mass.

PMID- 3361891
TI  - A profile of health beliefs and practices in a rural East Tennessee community.

PMID- 3361893
TI  - TMA policy regarding HIV infection and AIDS. February, 1988. Tennessee Medical
      Association.

PMID- 3361892
TI  - Special communication from the AMA. New proposal to resolve malpractice crisis.

PMID- 3361894
TI  - Occult unstable cervical spine injury.

PMID- 3361895
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis.

PMID- 3361896
TI  - A case of methanol ingestion.

PMID- 3361897
TI  - A young woman with asthma and right upper lobe atelectasis.

PMID- 3361898
TI  - Protecting the child passenger.

PMID- 3361900
TI  - As a matter of fact...

PMID- 3361899
TI  - Loss prevention case of the month. A monument to failure.

PMID- 3361901
TI  - How do you spell relief?

PMID- 3361902
TI  - PRO admissions policy.

PMID- 3361903
TI  - Alcohol, self-focus and complex reaction-time performance.
AB  - The effects of alcohol, expectancy and state-trait varieties of public self-focus
      on complex reaction-time performance were evaluated. The procedure crossed a 2
      (expectancy) X 2 (dose) modified balanced-placebo design with two levels of
      public self-awareness (normal versus high). A median split procedure performed on
      public and private self-consciousness scale scores served to evaluate trait
      effects. Results indicated that subject's task performance was best understood as
      an interaction between his subjective experience of intoxication-sobriety, his
      beliefs concerning what he had drunk and the salience of situational standards
      toward effortful performance. Public self-consciousness proved to mediate the
      behavioral expression of conventional expectancies concerning drunken
      comportment. Interactions between alcohol, expectancy and self-focus are
      discussed in terms of an interactive model of drunken comportment.

PMID- 3361904
TI  - Activation peaking in intoxicated and detoxified alcoholics during visuospatial
      learning.
AB  - Physiologic activation response patterning, termed activation peaking, and
      visuospatial learning performance were examined to understand the effects of
      chronic alcohol use on complex information processing. A total of 18 alcoholic
      male inpatients in an alcoholism treatment unit served as participants. Nine
      persons were seen while intoxicated (mean blood alcohol level [BAL] = 18.0mg/dl)
      at time of admission to the unit. The second group of nine persons were seen
      detoxified after 4 weeks in the treatment unit (BAL = 0 mg/dl). Skin conductance
      and heart rate were measured before and during learning. Learning consisted of a
      paired-associate paradigm requiring participants to learn the distinct spatial
      positions of six randomly presented "nonsense" shapes. The visuospatial learning
      of the intoxicated alcoholics was superior to that of the detoxified alcoholics.
      The physiological patterning of intoxicated alcoholics clearly and correctly
      tracked their learning performance, while the detoxified alcoholics displayed no
      clear pattern. The results indicated that the detoxified alcoholic may suffer a
      disruption in attentional mechanisms related to visuospatial information
      processing, providing support for theory that alcohol ingestion may serve to
      balance information processing in the alcoholic.

PMID- 3361905
TI  - Weekly recall and dairy estimates of alcohol consumption in a general population
      survey.
AB  - Diary and weekly recall measures of alcohol consumption in a representative
      sample (N = 399) of the Dutch population are compared. The weekly recall method
      consisted of a personal interview with questions about actual alcohol consumption
      on the previous 7 days. The diary consisted of 14 daily self-reports of
      consumption and followed the interview. The diary method yields estimates of
      consumption that are on average 22% higher than those based on weekly recall
      measures, reducing total undercoverage by about 11%. The difference between the
      two methods cannot be attributed to a variation of consumption over weeks but
      seems to stem from a difference in accuracy of recall. There was an increase in
      glasses underreported at the upper levels of consumption, but underreporting did
      not seem to be of a nonlinear nature. Considering the large individual variation
      in consumption over weeks, the ranking of individuals according to their self
      reports is relatively stable across method.

PMID- 3361906
TI  - High-risk situations for engaging in substance abuse and binge-eating behaviors.
AB  - Self-reports of high-risk events, situations and experiences associated with
      substance abuse and binge-eating behaviors were examined in a sample of
      hospitalized patients being treated for both problems. The question being posed
      in the present study is: Are the high-risk situations for heavy drinking and
      binge eating similar or different? Results suggest some similarities in the
      intensity of specific high-risk situations as represented by questionnaire
      subscale scores, for both of the problem behaviors, but they point to interesting
      differences as well. The hierarchical importance of the high-risk situations for
      the two behaviors were markedly different.

PMID- 3361907
TI  - Experience-dependent cognitive recovery in alcoholics: a task component strategy.
AB  - Visuospatial problem-solving deficits following chronic alcohol abuse may not
      readily recover spontaneously after drinking cessation but may reverse with
      appropriate environmental stimulation. To determine if such recovery in
      alcoholics under age 40 may be accelerated by training with components of an
      initially impaired task (Trails B), this study employed four groups of alcoholics
      (N = 53) and a group of matched controls (N = 13). Two alcoholic groups received
      two consecutive cognitive remediation sessions during the latter 2 weeks of a 1
      month treatment program, and two groups of alcoholics received no remediation.
      Results confirmed that recovery of visuospatial problem-solving skills is
      facilitated by training with task components (experience-dependent recovery)
      while spontaneous recovery during the first month of abstinence is minimal for
      this task. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of cognitive remediation in
      reversing some alcohol-induced cognitive impairment and have important
      implications for improving alcohol treatment outcome and adaptive functioning.

PMID- 3361908
TI  - Treatment response and safety of ambulatory medical detoxication.
AB  - An ambulatory medical detoxication program for alcoholics with limited social and
      environmental supports is described. The treatment response of all 49 patients
      who underwent treatment and the short-term outcome and safety of 15 patients
      (31%) who failed to complete treatment are reviewed. Treatment completers were
      found to attend over 90% of their scheduled daily appointments and drinking
      during the treatment term was infrequent. The average duration for completed
      treatments was approximately 5 appointment days. Treatment noncompleters also
      attended their scheduled appointments regularly prior to discontinuation and,
      except for several patients who were transferred to inpatient treatment because
      of continued drinking, drinking during detoxication was relatively infrequent.
      The short-term outcome and safety of treatment noncompleters was reviewed. No
      instance of serious medical or psychiatric consequences following discontinuation
      from treatment was revealed. It was concluded that discontinuation of treatment
      by a patient is not in all cases indicative of a poor outcome. It was further
      concluded that ambulatory medical detoxication is a relatively successful
      treatment for mild to moderate alcohol withdrawal symptomatology and for patients
      not requiring immediate medical or psychiatric attention.

PMID- 3361909
TI  - Unitary versus multidimensional models of alcoholism treatment outcome: an
      empirical study.
AB  - This study examined two issues related to the distinction between unitary and
      multidimensional models of alcoholism treatment outcome. First, does treatment
      outcome vary along a variety of relatively independent dimensions? Second, how
      important is abstinence to improved health and psychosocial adjustment? A sample
      of 266 alcoholics were evaluated at intake and 1 year following inpatient
      treatment using an extensive battery of assessments. Correlational analysis and
      factor analysis provided limited support for both the unidimensional and
      multidimensional approaches. A synthetic measure of posttreatment drinking showed
      a clear linear relationship between level of consumption and lack of improvement
      in medical status, biological function, life stress and psychopathology. The
      findings are discussed in terms of the methodological difficulties in treatment
      evaluation and the need for more systematic research on the effect of
      posttreatment drinking on multiple dimensions of outcome status.

PMID- 3361910
TI  - Delirium tremens: a prospective long-term follow-up study.
AB  - A follow-up by health insurance records of 716 male hospital-treated alcoholics
      revealed a tendency to a more favorable long-term adjustment in patients with
      delirium tremens at first admission compared with others. Standardized ratings at
      first admission indicated that the delirium patients had lower frequencies of
      depressive symptomatology, personality disturbance and social complications.
      Slight cerebral impairment at first admission was more frequent in the delirium
      patients, perhaps indicating a more severe abuse. In a subsample of 105
      personally followed-up patients it was found that subjects with delirium later
      during the course of their illness were characterized by a lower level of social
      stability at first admission, compared with those with an initial delirium or
      with no history of delirium tremens. Contrary to initial delirium, later delirium
      was related to an unfavorable course. Six subjects with a history of delirium
      tremens were found to have taken up social drinking. Patterns and processes of
      improvement were found to be related more to background characteristics in terms
      of personality disturbance and social stability than to the severity of
      withdrawal symptoms.

PMID- 3361911
TI  - Assessment of young men at risk for alcoholism with P300 from a visual
      discrimination task.
AB  - A visual discrimination paradigm was used to elicit the P3 (P300) component of
      the event-related brain potential (ERP) in a large group (N = 196) of male
      undergraduate volunteers. Comparison of P3 amplitude and latencies between
      individuals with a positive family history for alcoholism (FH +) and those
      without such a history (FH -) obtained no differences between the groups. No
      associations between P3 latency or amplitude and the amount of alcohol typically
      consumed were found. Differences between the present and previous P3 family
      history studies using visual stimuli are attributed to the cognitive demands of
      ERP task.

PMID- 3361912
TI  - Perceived effectiveness of drinking--driving countermeasures: an evaluation of
      MADD.
AB  - Drunken driving has become widely recognized as a serious social problem. In
      recent years, several citizen activist groups have emerged to combat this
      problem. The leadership of 212 chapters of an organization called Mothers Against
      Drunk Driving was surveyed to obtain data on chapter emphasis, satisfaction,
      future involvement and perception of most effective countermeasures. On measures
      of perceived effectiveness of various countermeasures, chapter leaders ranked
      strong legal penalties and strict enforcement of driving while intoxicated (DWI)
      laws as most effective compared to prevention and treatment measures. Findings
      suggest a shift in emphasis toward a more criminal justice orientation.

PMID- 3361913
TI  - Drinking under special occasion permits: a neglected aspect of alcohol control
      measures?
AB  - Drinking that occurs under special permits in Canada, such as at weddings,
      private receptions and parties, is a neglected aspect of alcohol research. These
      permits are issued for many different occasions and are most common in the
      provinces with the highest per capita alcohol consumption. Special permit
      drinking is becoming a social and alcohol-control issue but information on the
      problems it creates is sparse. Specific problem areas such as excessive drinking
      and drinking by minors have not been studied, but because such drinking is rarely
      monitored they may be substantial. Further study of special permit drinking is
      recommended.

PMID- 3361914
TI  - Use of carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of premalignant lesions of the oral
      mucosa.
AB  - The carbon dioxide laser was used for the treatment of 20 lesions of the oral
      mucosa in 14 patients. These lesions ranged histologically from benign
      hyperkeratosis to verrucous carcinoma. The patients selected for this treatment
      were identified at high risk to develop malignant lesions in the oral cavity.
      Precise vaporization of the affected mucosa were carried out using the Cavitron
      40-300-A CO2 Surgical Laser. Destruction of the surface epithelium and submucosa
      was achieved by using defocused beam at a setting of 10W. Biopsies were taken at
      1 cm intervals at the time of laser treatment. Fourteen of the 20 procedures were
      carried out under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Seven procedures were
      performed under general anesthesia and 2 patients required 24 h postoperative
      observation. Local control was achieved in 17 of the 20 treated sites. Two of the
      three treatment failures occurred in patients in whom the final histology
      revealed either in situ or invasive squamous carcinoma. Only one patient with
      dysplasia was not controlled after vaporization of the lesion by the carbon
      dioxide laser. The laser continues to show encouraging results as an alternative
      to surgical resection of precancerous mucosal lesions of the oral cavity.
      Vaporization of the dysplastic lesion(s) with carbon dioxide laser is recommended
      for patients with an identifiable risk for the development of intraoral
      malignancy. This is an effective, nonmorbid, inexpensive, quick, and relatively
      painless method of managing this condition.

PMID- 3361915
TI  - Correlation of estrogen receptor protein and carcinoembryonic antigen with
      lymphnodal metastasis in breast carcinoma.
AB  - Estrogen receptor protein (ERP) content and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
      positivity were analysed in 50 cases of primary breast carcinoma. Relationship of
      pathological features known to be of prognostic significance and combined CEA and
      ERP status were examined. It was found that CEA + ERP--tumours had significantly
      higher frequency of axillary lymphnodal metastasis in comparison to CEA - ERP +
      cases. Presence of CEA - or ERP + status showed significant lower frequency of
      metastasis in comparison to CEA + ERP - tumours.

PMID- 3361916
TI  - Bladder cancer: pelvic lymphadenectomy revisited.
AB  - The value of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder
      cancer is controversial. While perhaps 1-2 percent of all patients may be cured
      after excision of positive nodes, the overall contribution of this procedure to
      survival is minimal. Pelvic lymphadenectomy is however becoming more valuable for
      staging and therapy in combination with more effective systemic chemotherapy and
      its role in the overall management of patients with invasive bladder cancer is
      presently being redefined.

PMID- 3361918
TI  - Experimental continent diversion.
AB  - Urinary diversion utilizing a continence-maintaining ileal valve has been
      performed in 12 canines. This procedure offers a simple surgical procedure and
      uses the diversion's internal fluid pressure to maintain continence. Of 12
      canines with this continence-maintaining ileal valve, 11 remained continent at
      sacrifice. Operative complications were minimal and late complications occurred
      in 2 dogs. Histological evaluation of the diversionary tissues revealed slight
      changes in the mucosa of the ileal valve, with some flattening of the villi. This
      procedure may have a clinical role in urinary diversion for patients with pelvic
      malignancy or patients who need urinary diversion for other reasons.

PMID- 3361917
TI  - Resection of fixed pelvic tumors using the Nd:YAG laser.
AB  - Clinical experience using the Nd:YAG laser to resect intra-abdominal malignancies
      is limited. Presented are two cases of recurrent gynecologic cancers, one ovarian
      carcinoma of low malignant potential and one fallopian tube carcinoma grade 1, in
      which the Nd:YAG laser allowed removal of recurrent tumor fixed to sacral bone
      and pelvic sidewall. The ability to accomplish laser vaporization of the tumor
      bed along with periosteum may reduce the risk of local recurrence. Further
      investigation of laser treatment of tumors fixed to sacral or pubic bone, pelvic
      sidewall tissues or other structures should lead to the evolution of the Nd:YAG
      laser as a useful tool to the cancer surgeon.

PMID- 3361919
TI  - Primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum in a child.
AB  - A case of primary anterior mediastinal liposarcoma occurring in a child is
      reported. A 5-year-old male child complained of exertional dyspnea and left
      chestpain. The chest roentgenogram showed a complete opacity of the left pleural
      space. After thoracotomy, the histological examination revealed mediastinal
      myxoid-pleomorphic liposarcoma. Surgical resection was performed and chemotherapy
      was given; 10 months later a recurrence was noted in the mediastinum. The child
      died 17 months after establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 3361920
TI  - Technique for placement of a totally implantable venous access device.
AB  - A totally implantable venous access system is described which greatly improved
      the ability to gain long-term venous access in selected patients. The external
      jugular approach has been demonstrated to be a safe and simple technique. The
      only major problem associated with the implantable venous access system was the
      development of one-way catheter occlusions. A number of methods for restoring
      catheter patency have been advocated. The use of streptokinase appears to be the
      most reliable and was found effective in this study. Importantly, however,
      catheter sepsis has been virtually eliminated with this totally implantable
      system.

PMID- 3361922
TI  - Improved oral dosing technique for rats.
AB  - In a department assessing the safety of potential medicines, it was found that
      gavage-related death in rats could be virtually eliminated by the use of a
      modified dosing cannula. It had previously been found with a series of potential
      therapeutic agents that a number of rodents died with dyspnea following
      administration by gavage. It was known that this was not due to technical error;
      gavage with water in control groups led to death with similar symptoms in only
      one case per 220 rat years, or one in 80,520 doses. Accidental aspiration of
      small volumes of the oral dose was considered to be responsible for the drug
      related deaths. Hypertonic, acidic sodium chloride solutions, used as a control,
      tonicity- and pH-matched to a compound solution in a long-term study, had similar
      effects. It was shown in a small experiment that the intratracheal lethal dose
      was approximately 1/200 the published oral LD50 of NaCl. Cannulae of various
      diameters, lengths, and materials were tested in order to devise a safer dosing
      method, which would not cause trauma but would allow economical dosing speeds to
      be achieved. For adult rats, a steel cannula 70-mm-long, with a maximum tip
      diameter of 4 mm, was chosen. Lighter rats could be dosed using cannulae of
      smaller tip diameter according to body weight. The adoption of our method,
      developed using a few rats, could save many unnecessary deaths in laboratory
      rodents as well as many spurious "treatment-related" pulmonary symptoms.

PMID- 3361921
TI  - Focal intestinal heating with regional abdominal hyperthermia.
AB  - The effect of regional abdominal heating on the small and large bowel was
      evaluated in three female research pigs. The BSD Annular Phased Array was used
      for heating. Blind-end catheters and a free peritoneal probe were surgically
      attached to small bowel, large bowel, liver, and kidney. Each pig underwent 4-8
      heating sessions and was subsequently autopsied. There was no histologic evidence
      of acute bowel, liver, or kidney damage. There were significant differences in
      temperatures at the various sites. The average small bowel temperature was
      significantly higher than predicated by the free peritoneal probe or than seen in
      the liver or kidney. The large bowel temperatures averaged higher than the free
      peritoneal probe temperatures, but the difference was not significant. Liver and
      kidney temperatures approximate whole body temperature due to extensive vascular
      network. Although the elevated small bowel temperatures may be due in part to
      different position in relation to isotherms, the frequent occurrence of a large
      temperature difference suggests focal heating of fluid pockets in the small
      bowel.

PMID- 3361923
TI  - Application of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent for the spectrophotometric determination
      of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - A simple, sensitive, accurate, and rapid method for the quantitative
      determination of naproxen, oxyphenbutazone, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, and
      diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical preparations is proposed. The method is based
      on the formation of blue complexes with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent.

PMID- 3361924
TI  - A simple method for recording electrocardiograms in conscious, unrestrained rats.
AB  - Electrocardiogram recording gives much information about cardiac activity and is
      often required for pharmacological studies. To obtain long-term recordings from
      laboratory rodents, with neither anesthesia nor stress for the animals, a simple
      technique was developed. Electrodes were implanted in rats subcutaneously 2 days
      before experiments. Electrocardiograms could then be recorded for several days
      without disturbing the rats. Signal quality allowed detection of arrhythmias. The
      effects of the administration of an organophosphorus compound are presented.

PMID- 3361925
TI  - Endothelium-dependent dilatation of the ex vivo tail artery perfused with blood
      from a conscious rat.
AB  - A comparison was made of the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation produced by
      acetylcholine (Ach) in rat-tail arteries perfused with Krebs solution or whole
      rat blood. Segments of the tail artery of the rat were cannulated at both ends
      mounted in an organ bath and perfused at a constant 3 ml/min. Blood perfused the
      tail artery via an extra corporeal circuit by being withdrawn from and returned
      to a conscious donor rat previously prepared with exteriorized indwelling carotid
      artery and jugular vein cannulae. Perfusion pressure was increased by
      constricting the tail artery with an infusion of noradrenaline into the
      perfusate. In arteries perfused with Krebs solution, the infusion for 1 min of
      Ach at 10(-6) M maximally reduced perfusion pressure. However, when arteries were
      perfused with blood, the infusion of Ach calculated to produce a concentration of
      10(-5) M in the blood, produced very little response. A higher concentration, 10(
      4) M, produced a maximal dilatation. Treatment of the donor rat with 0.02 mg/kg
      physostigmine IV potentiated the response to 10(-5) M Ach. In Krebs-perfused
      vessels, physostigmine 10(-6) M did not potentiate Ach responses. Methacholine,
      which is more resistant to cholinesterase, was more potent than Ach in blood
      perfused tail arteries. Removal of the endothelium of the tail artery blocked
      responses to Ach in the blood-perfused vessels. It is concluded that Ach can
      produce an endothelium-dependent dilatation in a vessel perfused with whole
      blood, although Ach in blood is susceptible to inactivation by cholinesterase.

PMID- 3361926
TI  - An automated method to analyze vocalization of unrestrained rats submitted to
      noxious electrical stimuli.
AB  - Unrestrained rats were subjected to electrical stimuli applied to their paws via
      an electrified cage floor. Intensity, duration, and order of stimulation were
      chosen after preliminary tests. Vocalization threshold and vocalization as a
      behavioral response were studied. The vocalization was recorded and the signal
      analyzed by a simple computerized method that calculated five parameters: delay,
      maximal amplitude, duration, area, and maximal derivative with respect to time.
      The last four parameters increased with increasing intensity of stimulation and
      remained stable when the same stimulation was given repeatedly. Sensitivity to
      morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg s.c.) was tested. Morphine raised the threshold and
      lowered vocalization parameters, and it was antagonized by naloxone, thus
      validating the method. The sensitivity of the test and its capacity to separate
      sensory and affective components of pain are discussed.

PMID- 3361927
TI  - "Maximal" thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Results.
AB  - Thymectomy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
      The logical goal of operation has been complete removal of the thymus, but there
      has been controversy about the surgical technique and its relation to results.
      Surgical-anatomic studies have shown gross and microscopic thymus widely
      distributed in the neck and mediastinum. We believe that an en bloc transcervical
      transsternal "maximal" thymectomy is required to remove all thymic tissue
      predictably. Ninety-five patients with generalized myasthenia gravis underwent
      "maximal" thymectomy consecutively between 1977 and 1985 and were evaluated 6
      months to 89 months after operation. In Group A (N = 72), myasthenia gravis
      without thymoma, the uncorrected data revealed that 96% (69) had benefited from
      operation: 79% (57) had no symptoms; 46% (33) were in remission; 33% (24) were
      symptom free when receiving minimal doses of pyridostigmine; and none were worse.
      Life table analysis yielded a remission rate of 81% at 89 months. In group B (N =
      8), myasthenia gravis without thymoma for which patients underwent reexploration
      for incapacitating weakness after earlier transcervical or transsternal
      operations, residual thymus was found in all. One patient was in remission, two
      were symptom free when receiving medication, one was unchanged, and none were
      worse. In group C (N 15), myasthenia gravis and thymoma, two patients were in
      remission and nine were symptom free when receiving medication. Two patients in
      this group died 2 and 4 years postoperatively in crisis. Response to thymectomy
      in group A was greater in patients with mild myasthenia gravis and may have been
      better in patients who had symptoms for less than 60 months preoperatively, but
      the response did not depend on age, sex, presence or absence of thymic
      hyperplasia or involution, or titers of acetylcholine receptor antibodies. The
      response to thymectomy in group B was striking but slower than in group A,
      perhaps because symptoms were more severe and of longer duration. The response in
      group C was also less good than in group A and proportionately fewer benefited.
      These results support the recommendation for thymectomy in the treatment of
      patients with generalized myasthenia gravis and indicate the desirability of a
      maximal procedure. For persistent or recurrent severe symptoms after previous
      transcervical or submaximal transsternal resections, reoperation by this
      technique is also recommended.

PMID- 3361928
TI  - Enhancement of crystalloid cardioplegic protection against global normothermic
      ischemia by superoxide dismutase plus catalase but not diltiazem in the isolated,
      working rat heart.
AB  - Oxygen-derived free radicals and intracellular calcium overload have been
      implicated as mediators of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We
      hypothesized that free radical scavengers or calcium channel blockers could
      enhance the protection afforded the isolated, working rat heart by crystalloid
      cardioplegia against this type of injury at 37 degrees C. Hearts from 42 male
      rats in seven groups (n = 6) were studied in an isolated, working heart
      preparation measuring aortic flow (ml/min/gm dry wt), peak systolic pressure (mm
      Hg), coronary artery flow (ml/min/gm dry wt), and calculated coronary vascular
      resistance (dyne.sec.cm-5/gm dry wt). Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase
      release were measured before ischemia and at various times during the
      postischemic reperfusion period. Time-matched control hearts (group 1) were
      perfused for 2 hours. After finding that 30 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of
      reperfusion (group 2) produced significant (p less than 0.01) functional
      impairment that was completely protected (group 3) by a preischemic bolus of St.
      Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution, we again found significant (p less than
      0.01) functional impairment after 40 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes (group 4)
      or 20 minutes (group 5) of reperfusion despite a preischemic bolus of St. Thomas'
      Hospital cardioplegic solution. Diltiazem (10 mg/L) plus St. Thomas' Hospital
      cardioplegic solution (group 6) did not significantly (p less than 0.01) enhance
      functional recovery. Addition of superoxide dismutase plus catalase (200
      microns/ml) (group 7) produced marked improvement in functional recovery that did
      not differ significantly (p less than 0.01) from control results (group 1). The
      creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase data strongly supported the preceding
      functional data. Coronary flow and vascular resistance were not significantly (p
      less than 0.01) changed from control values in any group. We conclude that the
      addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase but not diltiazem to St. Thomas'
      Hospital cardioplegic solution can significantly enhance myocardial protection
      against normothermic ischemia/reperfusion injury. This implicates oxygen-derived
      free radicals as mediators of this type of injury.

PMID- 3361929
TI  - The effect of hypothermic ischemia on recovery of left ventricular function and
      preload reserve in the neonatal heart.
AB  - Neonatal and adult myocardium respond differently to ischemia. In addition, the
      neonatal heart possesses a limited preload reserve. The effect of uninterrupted
      hypothermic ischemia on recovery of left ventricular function and preload reserve
      was studied in two groups of isolated rabbit hearts: group 1 (neonates, n = 8), 7
      to 10 days old; group 2 (adults, n = 15), 6 to 12 months old. Peak left
      ventricular systolic pressure, the first derivative of left ventricular systolic
      pressure, and heart rate were measured at left ventricular pressures of 0, 5, 10,
      and 15 mm Hg before and after 120 minutes of global ischemia at 27 degrees C.
      Before ischemia, left ventricular systolic pressure increased significantly at
      each increment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure for both groups of
      hearts. After hypothermic ischemia, recovery of left ventricular systolic
      pressure was significantly reduced at each level of left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure among neonatal hearts (range 75% to 79% of control values).
      The postischemic recovery of left ventricular systolic pressure in the adult
      hearts was markedly reduced from baseline values (range 43% to 53% of control
      values) and was significantly worse than that of neonatal hearts at each level of
      left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.001). Both groups were
      able to respond to increasing preload after ischemia. The slope of the curve
      describing the relationship between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and
      percent recovery of left ventricular systolic pressure was not different from
      zero for neonatal hearts but was significantly greater than zero among the adults
      (0.22 +/- 0.21 versus 0.73 +/- 0.07, p = 0.0056). After ischemia, the first
      derivative of left ventricular systolic pressure fell significantly from control
      values among neonatal hearts (71% of control values). The reduction was
      considerably greater, however, among the adult hearts (54% of control values).
      These data indicate that the neonatal heart recovers systolic function better
      than the adult heart after global ischemia with moderate hypothermia.

PMID- 3361930
TI  - Long-term outlook after atrial correction of transposition of great arteries.
AB  - Late results were reviewed in 220 survivors after atrial correction of
      transposition of the great arteries who were operated between 1964 and 1985.
      Senning's procedure and its various modifications have been used; all patients
      who survived 30 days after correction were included in this analysis. Average
      follow-up for the whole group was 10.3 years; 113 patients were observed for 10
      years, 26 patients for 15 years, and 8 patients for 20 years. The actuarial
      survival rate for the whole group was 89% at 10 years, 87% at 15 years, 82% at 20
      years. It was higher in simple than in complex transposition (92% versus 84% at
      10 years). Sudden deaths (8 patients) and late heart failure (6 patients) were
      the principal causes of death, predominantly in the complex transposition group
      (10/13 deaths). Late survival was more common in the latter part of the study,
      with 95% of patients operated on after 1978 surviving 9 years as opposed to 84%
      of patients operated on earlier. Late reoperation was necessary in 18 patients
      (8%), with 12 reoperations occurring within 2 years after correction. Cumulative
      reoperation rate reached 11.7% after 10 years. Reoperations were more common in
      complex than in simple transposition (14% versus 6%, p less than 0.05). Late
      arrhythmias can occur after atrial correction, and the cumulative incidence of
      pacemaker implantations was 8% at 10 years. Most of the survivors are
      functionally free of symptoms (83% of the simple and 75% of the complex
      transposition group). Significant tricuspid valve incompetence was encountered in
      only three patients, with two valve reconstructions being possible. In summary,
      long-term outlook for survivors of atrial correction for transposition of the
      great arteries remains encouraging, although complex transposition does seem to
      engender more late problems. Atrial correction is still warranted in simple
      transposition, but close cardiological surveillance is necessary.

PMID- 3361931
TI  - Ruptured congenital aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Clinical manifestations,
      diagnosis, and results of surgical corrections.
AB  - An experience with the management of 27 cases of ruptured sinus of Valsalva
      aneurysm is reported from the Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery,
      Moscow. The right coronary sinus was involved in 23 cases and the noncoronary
      sinus in four cases. Rupture into the right ventricle occurred in 19 cases,
      whereas eight ruptures entered the right atrium. Twelve patients had a
      ventricular defect, and 10 patients had aortic regurgitation, requiring leaflet
      suspension in five patients or valve replacement in five patients. The surgical
      management and results are presented.

PMID- 3361932
TI  - Does bilateral internal mammary artery grafting increase surgical risk?
AB  - The risk of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting was studied in three
      groups of patients who were computer matched for recognized risk factors: year of
      operation, age, gender, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular
      function, completeness of myocardial revascularization, and history of congestive
      heart failure. The patient groups differed in the fact that they received veins
      only, one internal mammary artery graft, or two internal mammary artery grafts.
      The operative mortality rates for these three groups were 1.8%, 0.3%, and 0.9%,
      respectively (no significant difference). Analysis of perioperative morbidity
      demonstrated no significant differences except for a slight increase in
      transfusion requirements in the group receiving two internal mammary artery
      grafts (p = 0.04). None of the patients with only vein grafts had wound
      complications. One patient in the group with one internal mammary artery graft
      had a wound complication (0.03%). Eight patients receiving two internal mammary
      artery grafts had wound complications (2.4%) (p = 0.002). The prevalence of wound
      complications in patients with diabetes mellitus was 5.7% and in those without
      diabetes mellitus, 0.3% (p = 0.01). The prevalence of wound complications in
      patients less than 60 years of age was 0.2%, in patients in their 60s, 1.6%, and
      in patients older than 70, 3.1% (p = 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression
      analysis identified diabetes mellitus and age and not bilateral internal mammary
      artery grafting as risk factors for wound complications. We conclude that
      bilateral internal mammary artery grafting does not increase surgical mortality
      and increases surgical morbidity by a slight increase in the mean transfusion
      requirement.

PMID- 3361933
TI  - Vegetectomy: an alternative surgical treatment for infective endocarditis of the
      atrioventricular valves in drug addicts.
AB  - The case of a patient in whom two separate episodes of infective endocarditis
      were treated by excision of the infected vegetation ("vegetectomy") is reported.
      In carefully selected patients, early conservative operation may preserve the
      native valve and avoid the hazards of anticoagulative medication and prosthetic
      endocarditis in habitual drug abusers.

PMID- 3361934
TI  - Manometric and radionuclide assessment of pharyngeal emptying before and after
      cricopharyngeal myotomy in patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Fifteen patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy underwent
      cricopharyngeal myotomy for palliation of dysphagia. The aim of this work was to
      assess the effectiveness of this operation by using a radionuclide pharyngeal
      emptying study as a new quantitative method in addition to clinical and
      manometric evaluation. Radionuclide study was performed with the patient in both
      the upright and the supine positions after ingestion of 15 ml of water labeled
      with sulfur colloid 99mTc. Computerized data were acquired at 0.5 second
      intervals for 15 minutes and a pharyngeal time-activity curve was generated. Four
      quantitative parameters were evaluated: the time for pharyngeal clearance of 25%,
      50%, and 75% of the ingested radioactive water and the pharyngeal stasis at 15
      minutes. Manometric studies were also performed before and after cricopharyngeal
      myotomy. The pharyngeal clearance of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the water and
      pharyngeal stasis at 15 minutes were all improved by cricopharyngeal myotomy,
      decreasing from 1.2 to 0.9 second (p less than 0.04), 4.2 to 2 seconds (p less
      than 0.005), 15 to 7 seconds (p less than 0.02), and 10.3% to 6% (p less than
      0.01), respectively. Both pharyngoesophageal and tracheobronchial symptoms were
      also significantly improved by cricopharyngeal myotomy. Manometric evaluation
      showed a decrease of the upper esophageal sphincter closing pressure from 60.1 mm
      Hg before to 28.2 mm Hg after the operation (p less than 0.001), and the resting
      pressure decreased from 34.4 to 15.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.0005). Cricopharyngeal
      myotomy significantly improves both symptoms and pharyngeal emptying in patients
      with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3361935
TI  - Prospective computed tomographic scanning in the staging of bronchogenic cancer.
AB  - One hundred eight-five patients with potentially operable lung cancer were
      prospectively evaluated by computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum and
      upper part of the abdomen. Mediastinal lymph node size was correlated with
      operative and pathologic findings. There was close agreement between computed
      tomographic estimate of size and operative measurements. Mediastinal lymph nodes
      that were larger than 2.0 cm were positive for tumor in 69.6%, nodes between 1.1
      and 1.9 cm contained metastases in 31.8%, and nodes less than 1.0 cm were
      positive in only 2.7%. The cell type, T status, and location of the primary tumor
      did not influence these findings: A node less than 1.0 cm with a T3 lesion had
      the same probability of being abnormal as with a T1 lesion, although predictably,
      those patients with T3 and central tumors had a greater likelihood of having
      nodes larger than 2.0 cm. The presence of pneumonitis did not increase the
      prevalence of enlarged, histologically normal nodes. Asymptomatic adrenal
      metastases were present in 3.2% of patients with otherwise operable disease and
      were suggested only by the computed tomographic scan. Patients with mediastinal
      nodes less than 1.0 cm probably do not need preresection mediastinal exploration.
      Those with nodes larger than 2.0 cm should not be considered unresectable without
      pathologic confirmation, even in large tumors, in view of the 30.4% negativity
      rate. The computed tomographic scan is useful in depicting and localizing
      enlarged mediastinal nodes but cannot be used as a substitute for pathologic
      examination.

PMID- 3361936
TI  - A physiologic comparison of external cardiac massage techniques.
AB  - On the basis of recent investigation, controversy has arisen regarding which of
      several cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods optimizes hemodynamics. The present
      study was designed to compare five recently described chest compression
      techniques: high-impulse manual chest compression at 150/min, mechanical
      compression at 60/min with simultaneous ventilation, mechanical compression at
      60/min with simultaneous ventilation and either systolic or diastolic abdominal
      compression, and pneumatic vest compression at 60/min. Eight dogs were
      chronically instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes in the ascending and
      descending aorta while matched micromanometers measured aortic, left ventricular,
      and pleural pressures. At study, each dog was anesthetized with morphine,
      intubated, and the heart was fibrillated by rapid ventricular pacing. The five
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods were performed randomly in each preparation
      within 7 to 10 minutes of arrest. In four dogs, brachiocephalic blood flow was
      computed as total cardiac output minus descending aortic blood flow, and in all
      dogs coronary perfusion pressure was calculated as mean diastolic aortic pressure
      minus mean diastolic left ventricular pressure. Average cardiac output for seven
      studies was 662 +/- 61 ml/min with high-impulse manual compression, 340 +/- 46
      ml/min with mechanical compression and simultaneous ventilation, 336 +/- 45
      ml/min with mechanical compression and simultaneous ventilation with systolic
      abdominal compression, 366 +/- 52 ml/min with mechanical compression and
      simultaneous ventilation with diastolic abdominal compression, and 196 +/- 29
      ml/min with vest resuscitation (high-impulse manual compression significantly
      greater than other techniques by multivariate analysis, p less than 0.05).
      Brachiocephalic blood flow generally followed cardiac output and was
      statistically the greatest with high-impulse manual compression at 273 +/- 47
      ml/min (p less than 0.05). Finally, high-impulse manual compression provided the
      highest coronary perfusion pressure of 31 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) compared
      to 23 +/- 2 mm Hg for mechanical compression and simultaneous ventilation, 23 +/-
      2 mm Hg for mechanical compression and simultaneous ventilation with systolic
      abdominal compression, 23 +/- 3 mm Hg for mechanical compression and simultaneous
      ventilation with diastolic abdominal compression, and 11 +/- 2 mm Hg for vest
      resuscitation. These data demonstrate that high-impulse manual compression
      generated physiologically and statistically superior hemodynamics when compared
      with other methods in this model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PMID- 3361937
TI  - Ventricular septal defects and arteriovenous fistulas, with and without valvular
      lesions, resulting from penetrating injury of the heart and aorta.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with post-traumatic intracardiac shunts or arteriovenous
      fistulas were treated surgically in the past 8 years. All patients had had
      penetrating injuries of the heart, ascending aorta, or aortic arch 1 week to 4
      years earlier, but only three had an early emergency operation. Eleven patients
      (35%) had ventricular septal defects and seven (23%) had other types of
      intracardiac fistulas. The remaining 13 patients had fistulas between the aorta
      and the main pulmonary artery or innominate vein. Nine patients (29%) had injury
      of one of the four cardiac valves. All patients but six with aorta-innominate
      vein fistulas were operated on with the assistance of cardiopulmonary bypass. All
      affected valves were successfully repaired. There were no operative deaths but
      two patients (6%) died late. The remaining 29 patients were alive and well when
      last seen, with no signs of residual shunt and with good valve function. The high
      prevalence of late complications necessitates routine investigation of patients
      with penetrating injuries of the heart and the aorta. Surgical correction carries
      a low mortality and morbidity and is advised in all patients with symptoms.

PMID- 3361938
TI  - Delayed infection of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
      Current recognition and management.
AB  - Three cases of delayed infection of automatic implantable cardioverter
      defibrillator devices without systemic manifestations are reported. Computed
      tomographic scan of the heart revealed fluid deep to the patch in each case.
      Sonication of explanted automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patches
      facilitated the recovery of adherent microorganisms in one case. Management of
      this previously unrecognized problem is outlined.

PMID- 3361939
TI  - Hemodynamic and pathologic evaluation of a unileaflet pericardial bioprosthetic
      valve.
AB  - This study investigated the in vivo hemodynamics and pathologic changes of a
      unileaflet pericardial bioprosthetic valve 3 to 5 months after implantation in
      juvenile sheep. Group 1 had 10 sheep with tricuspid valve replacement. Group 2
      had nine sheep with mitral valve replacement. Group 3 served as a control with 10
      sheep that had tricuspid valve replacement with a trileaflet porcine
      bioprosthesis. Hemodynamic performance was satisfactory in all three groups
      despite prominent pathologic changes, particularly in unileaflet valves.
      Intrinsic cuspal calcification was present in 66% of the unileaflet tricuspid,
      88% unileaflet mitral, and 25% porcine tricuspid valves. Neither cuspal tearing
      nor perforations were found. However, cuspal stretching and redundancy of the
      mobile cusp was present in six tricuspid, seven mitral unileaflet valves, and no
      porcine valves. Gross pericardial redundancy correlated with the microscopic
      appearance of distorted and separated collagen bundles. These findings suggest
      that multiple modes of primary tissue failure may limit the durability of this
      unileaflet pericardial valve.

PMID- 3361940
TI  - Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and reversible spinal cord
      ischemia during experimental thoracic aortic occlusion.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the effects of hemodynamic changes and
      cerebrospinal fluid dynamics on spinal cord function during experimental thoracic
      aortic occlusion. We investigated the effects of dopamine, sodium nitroprusside,
      and sodium thiopental in this model. Proximal and distal aortic pressures and
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure were measured during occlusion in 12 adult mongrel
      dogs under control conditions and during drug interventions. Spinal cord function
      was assessed by spinal somatosensory evoked potentials recorded during 3-minute
      intervals of reversible spinal cord ischemia. By multiple regression analysis,
      the degree of spinal cord ischemia was positively related to the cerebrospinal
      fluid pressure (p = 0.0092) and negatively related to the percent change in
      cerebrospinal fluid pressure (p = 0.028); there were no significant drug effects
      on cerebrospinal fluid pressure or on the degree of spinal cord ischemia. This
      study indicates that cerebrospinal fluid pressure is an important factor in
      determining the degree of spinal cord ischemia during aortic occlusion and
      suggests that measures to reduce cerebrospinal fluid pressure will mitigate the
      degree of spinal cord ischemia.

PMID- 3361941
TI  - In vitro velocity and turbulence measurements in the vicinity of three new
      mechanical aortic heart valve prostheses: Bjork-Shiley Monostrut, Omni-Carbon,
      and Duromedics.
AB  - The in vitro velocity and turbulent shear stress fields created by three new
      mechanical valve designs (size 27 mm) were studied in the aortic position under
      pulsatile flow conditions. The following valves were studied: Bjork-Shiley
      Monostrut tilting disc, Omni-Carbon tilting disc, and Duromedics bileaflet. All
      three valve designs created low pressure gradients with effective orifice areas
      in the range of 3.10 to 3.90 cm2. Both tilting disc designs created major and
      minor orifice jets, which were asymmetric in size. The peak velocities of the
      major and minor orifice jets were, however, of the same magnitude (200 cm/sec).
      The Omni-Carbon valve created a more even flow distribution through the minor
      orifice compared with the Bjork-Shiley design. Regions of stagnation/flow
      separation were observed immediately adjacent (ie, distal) to the minor orifice
      strut and the pivot guards of the Bjork-Shiley and Omni-Carbon valve designs,
      respectively. The Duromedics valve created relatively centralized flow. However,
      a major portion of the flow occurred through the two lateral orifices. Regions of
      flow separation/stagnation were observed adjacent to the valve sewing ring in the
      area of the valve pivot (hinge) mechanism. All three valve designs did create
      elevated turbulent shear stresses, with peak values in the range of 1000 to 2000
      dynes/cm2 and mean values in the range of 100 to 1000 dynes/cm2. Such elevated
      shear stresses could cause sublethal and/or lethal damage to cellular blood
      elements. In an overall analysis, these new-generation low-profile mechanical
      valves are hemodynamically comparable to the Medtronic Hall and St. Jude Medical
      mechanical valves and are superior to the older-generation mechanical valves.
      However, it is unlikely that these valve designs will eliminate the problems of
      thrombosis, thromboembolic complications, and hemolysis.

PMID- 3361942
TI  - Stomatococcus mucilaginosus prosthetic valve endocarditis.

PMID- 3361943
TI  - Dural arteriovenous malformation and angina pectoris: a management dilemma.

PMID- 3361944
TI  - A method for intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase by pressure.
AB  - A technique for intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase and other
      tracers into neurones is described. The method utilises gas pressure to force the
      tracer solution out of glass micropipettes and allows electrophysiological
      recordings to be made simultaneously with the injection process. Constructional
      details of the simple and inexpensive equipment are given. The method has the
      advantages of being equally suitable for charged and uncharged tracer molecules,
      and of providing reliable indication of the success of the injection at the time
      of the injection attempt.

PMID- 3361945
TI  - Spatial control of membrane potential: a method for improved voltage clamping of
      the squid giant synapse.
AB  - In voltage clamp experiments at the squid giant synapse anisopotentiality of the
      presynaptic terminal can distort measurements of synaptic transfer. Local
      compression of the presynaptic cell, at the point where the terminal joins its
      axon, appears to reduce this problem by electrically isolating the terminal from
      the axon. Because compression reduced anisopotentiality in the presynaptic
      terminal and altered the apparent voltage dependency of transmitter release, this
      procedure may be a simple way to improve voltage clamp control in this and other
      long cells. Compression of the presynaptic cell also reduced the diffusion of
      injected molecules out of the terminal region. This increased the effective
      concentration of given quantities of tetraethylammonium and Fast green injected
      into the presynaptic terminal. Thus, compression should also facilitate
      experiments in which molecules are microinjected into this and other cells
      because the effective volume of the cell is reduced and less of the injected
      substance will be required.

PMID- 3361947
TI  - Swept period grating stimuli applied to cutaneous receptors.
AB  - Grating stimuli with successively larger integrate periods (also known as "swept
      period") are described and characterized. Since the swept period gratings are
      used to study the temporal frequency response functions of cutaneous receptors, a
      stimulator that can be used to draw these stimuli over the surface of the skin
      with precisely controlled motion is also described. The use of a swept period
      grating stimulus is illustrated for the specific case of stimulating a cat, hairy
      skin, slowly adapting Type I mechanoreceptor.

PMID- 3361946
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of membrane potential in embryonic rat spinal cord
      cells.
AB  - Flow cytometric analysis of membrane potential in suspensions of embryonic rat
      spinal cord cells was carried out in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)
      using anionic voltage-sensitive, fluorescent dyes (oxonols). The FACS or flow
      cytometer is an analytical instrument that measures optical properties of large
      cell populations at a single cell level of resolution. The incorporation of
      oxonol allows relative measurements of membrane potential, since the partition of
      oxonol within the plasmalemma is directly related to the degree of cell
      depolarization. Incubation of cells in elevated K+ concentrations or with the Na+
      channel agonist batrachotoxin (BTX) changed the fluorescence intensity
      distribution pattern of the live-cell population; these changes were consistent
      with the depolarizing effects of these manipulations. Fluorescence shifts were
      either undetectable or minimal in the dead-cell population. The BTX-induced shift
      was blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and was reversed in Na+-free medium, indicating
      embryonic expression of functional Na+ channels. Fluorescence microscopy of
      sorted cells showed that live cells typically exhibited circumferential ring-like
      patterns, whose intensities were enhanced under depolarizing conditions. The
      results show that flow cytometry combined with oxonol dyes can be used to measure
      the relative membrane potential of large numbers of individual central nervous
      system cells. The analysis of the changes in the distributions of these membrane
      potentials can be used to reveal the development of functional ion conductance
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3361948
TI  - A rotating drum stimulator for scanning embossed patterns and textures across the
      skin.
AB  - A tactile stimulator is described that moves embossed or textured patterns
      tangentially across the skin. Patterns constructed by standard photoetching are
      mounted on the outer surface of a cylinder that rotates at a selected speed and
      is held in contact with the skin at a selected force. The stimulator operates in
      several modes to meet the different requirements of psychophysical and
      neurophysiological experiments. The features of note are (i) relatively small
      size and weight; (ii) flexible automated control of drum contact with the skin,
      angular velocity, axial position, and contact force; (iii) monitoring of drum
      angular and axial location to better than 10 micron accuracy; (iv) construction
      with commercially available devices; (v) electronic monitoring of skin contact;
      and (vi) rapid drum changes (2 seconds) during psychophysical or
      neurophysiological experiments.

PMID- 3361949
TI  - An improved calibration procedure for computer-based quantitative autoradiography
      utilizing a mathematical model for the non-linear response of camera and film.
AB  - A mathematical model which accounts for the non-linear response of both the
      camera and film in computer-aided quantitative autoradiography is derived. This
      model and the algorithm to fit the data for radioactive standards by a non-linear
      least-squares procedure to this model are described. The usefulness of this
      technique is demonstrated by employing it to analyze a set of 14C-labeled brain
      paste standards which were exposed to Ultrofilm in such a way that the full
      response range of the film was used. This technique can be readily implemented on
      most commercially available image analysis systems and is compatible with most
      types of video cameras.

PMID- 3361950
TI  - Modeling the dopaminergic nerve terminal.
AB  - A method is described for developing and evaluating models of neurochemical
      processes. Computer simulation and simplex optimization are used to examine a
      model of the dopaminergic nerve terminal of the rat striatum. In the model,
      synthesis, storage, release, uptake, and metabolism are described by a set of non
      linear differential equations. Parameters of the model are optimized with respect
      to diverse experimental data. These data include steady state passage of
      radioactivity, decline in total dopamine after synthesis inhibition, and change
      in extracellular dopamine concentration during electrical stimulation.

PMID- 3361951
TI  - Partial purification and biochemical characterization of human plasma
      thrombopoietin.
AB  - A factor that stimulates the incorporation of 75Selenomethionine into the newly
      formed platelets of recipient mice (thrombopoietin, TPO) has been partially
      purified from the plasma of thrombocytopenic patients. The activity was
      precipitated at 60-80% ammonium sulfate saturation and further purified with
      hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Thrombopoietin was retained by
      concanavalin-A-Sepharose. Using HPLC size-exclusion chromatography, an
      approximate molecular weight of 40,000 dalton was calculated. The overall
      purification factor was about 2,100-fold. TPO was stable in a pH range from 5 to
      9 and was heat-sensitive, and the biological activity was destroyed by trypsin
      treatment and by dithiothreitol. The partially purified molecule did not
      stimulate the proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors in vitro and had no
      effect on the growth of erythroid or granulocyte-macrophage colonies; when
      administered in-vivo, TPO significantly affected the mean platelet volume and
      increased the number of small acetylcholinesterase cells in the bone marrow. TPO
      appears to be specific for the megakaryocytic lineage and active on the
      postmitotic compartment of megakaryocytes.

PMID- 3361952
TI  - Serum thymidine kinase in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

PMID- 3361953
TI  - Anorexia nervosa in Rochester, Minnesota: a 45-year study.
AB  - The incidence of anorexia nervosa during a 45-year period (1935 through 1979) was
      determined for the population of Rochester, Minnesota, from the epidemiology
      archives at the Mayo Clinic. The medical records of local residents with the
      diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were the primary source for case ascertainment,
      although records of those whose diagnoses might have been shielding anorexia
      nervosa were also screened. Standard criteria for diagnosis were applied. We
      identified 140 (128 female and 12 male) residents of the community who fulfilled
      the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. No significant long-term trend in
      rates was ascertained. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate was 7.3
      per 100,000 person-years. The highest age-specific incidence rate (56.7 per
      100,000 person-years) occurred in female residents 15 to 19 years old. The
      prevalence rate on Jan. 1, 1980, for Rochester residents with a history of the
      disease, age- and sex-adjusted to the 1970 US white population, was 113.1 per
      100,000 (203.9 for female and 16.9 for male residents).

PMID- 3361954
TI  - Erosive spondyloarthropathy in long-term dialysis patients: relationship to
      severe hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - We describe the development of a destructive, erosive spondyloarthropathy in
      three long-term dialysis patients (mean duration of dialysis, 96 months). In all
      three patients, the lesions caused symptomatic vertebral pain and developed
      during a period of only a few months. All patients had extremely elevated levels
      of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and two patients had evidence of severe
      hyperparathyroidism on bone biopsy specimens. Two patients who underwent subtotal
      parathyroidectomy had rapid relief of symptoms and no further radiographic
      evidence of progression of the spondyloarthropathy. The third patient refused
      subtotal parathyroidectomy and had pronounced progression of the destructive
      spondyloarthropathy in the cervical spine. The limited experience of others,
      along with our currently reported findings, strongly suggests that
      hyperparathyroidism plays a major role in the development of this disorder.
      Erosive spondyloarthropathy is increasingly recognized in long-term dialysis
      patients and may be a unique clinical and radiographic manifestation of severe
      hyperparathyroidism in this population.

PMID- 3361955
TI  - Evidence for linkage of IgA deficiency with the major histocompatibility complex.
AB  - A 57-year-old woman with IgA deficiency and Still's disease was the proband in a
      20-member, three-generation kindred in which we studied the possible linkage of
      IgA deficiency with her HLA-A1-B8 haplotype. The presence of paternal A1-B8
      haplotype complicated the analysis. Known maternal HLA-A1-B8 haplotype, present
      in three of the children of the proband, was associated with IgA deficiency,
      whereas all five family members with exclusively paternal A1-B8 had normal IgA.
      Of three third-generation family members whose A1-B8 haplotype was of
      indeterminate origin--that is, potentially either maternally or paternally
      derived--two had IgA deficiency and one did not.

PMID- 3361956
TI  - Gallstone pancreatitis and the effect of cholecystectomy: a population-based
      cohort study.
AB  - Although an association between gallstones and pancreatitis has been recognized
      for almost 100 years, the risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with gallstones
      and the effect of cholecystectomy on this risk have been unknown. The complete
      medical records of the 2,583 residents of Rochester, Minnesota, who had
      gallstones diagnosed between 1950 and 1970 were carefully reviewed to detect the
      development of acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis developed in only 89
      subjects (3.4% of the cohort); however, the relative risk for acute pancreatitis
      (before cholecystectomy) was increased 14 to 35 times in men and 12 to 25 times
      in women. The overall age- and sex-adjusted incidence of acute pancreatitis of
      the members of the cohort before cholecystectomy was 6.3 to 14.8 per 1,000 person
      years of follow-up. Cholecystectomy in 1,560 patients without a prior attack of
      pancreatitis reduced the relative risk to 1.9 and 2.0 for men and women
      respectively. Of 58 patients who had a cholecystectomy after an attack of acute
      pancreatitis and underwent follow-up for a median of 15 years postoperatively,
      only 2 had another attack of acute pancreatitis, and the cause of the
      pancreatitis was unrelated to gallstones in both. In summary, patients with
      gallstones have a considerably increased relative risk for acute pancreatitis
      and, regardless of whether prior attacks of pancreatitis have occurred,
      cholecystectomy reduces this risk to almost the same level as in the general
      population. Because the overall incidence of pancreatitis is low, however,
      performance of cholecystectomy to prevent pancreatitis is indicated only if an
      attack of acute pancreatitis has already occurred.

PMID- 3361957
TI  - Successful repair of an unusual hernia associated with traumatic pubic diastasis.
AB  - A 70-year-old man had an unusual type of supravesical small bowel hernia
      associated with herniation of the bladder through a traumatic diastasis of the
      pubic symphysis. The diastasis was closed with prosthetic mesh through a
      preperitoneal approach. In patients in whom a scrotal hernia develops after a
      previous pelvic fracture, especially those with evidence of a pubic diastasis, an
      unusual type of hernia should be suspected. A preperitoneal surgical approach
      best reveals the anatomy and allows appropriate repair. The best procedure for
      prevention of such hernias is primary reduction of any substantial pubic
      diastasis, but operative intervention is not indicated in all patients.

PMID- 3361958
TI  - Carney's triad: guidelines for management.
AB  - Carney's triad--gastric leiomyosarcoma, pulmonary chondroma, and extra-adrenal
      paraganglioma--is a syndrome that occurs primarily in young women. To date, 28
      patients with at least two of these individually unusual or rare neoplasms have
      been described. This updated case report of one of the originally described
      patients with Carney's triad highlights several clinically important features of
      this unusual syndrome: (1) the multicentricity of both the paragangliomas and the
      epithelioid leiomyosarcomas, (2) the often indolent progression of metastatic
      leiomyosarcoma, (3) the potential for late recurrences, and (4) the importance of
      distinguishing intra-adrenal from periadrenal catecholamine-producing tumors
      (paragangliomas). Localization of paragangliomas is facilitated by two relatively
      new techniques--131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning (a scintigraphic technique
      with high specificity for catecholamine-producing tumors) and two-dimensional
      echocardiography (which can noninvasively localize and demonstrate the anatomic
      relationships of aorticopulmonary paragangliomas). In patients with this
      syndrome, new or recurrent tumors frequently manifest after unusually long
      asymptomatic intervals. We outline an approach for continued follow-up of
      patients with one or more of the three neoplasms that constitute the syndrome.
      Rigorous long-term screening of these patients should not only lead to early
      recognition and resection of recurrent or new tumors but also enhance our
      understanding of this intriguing syndrome.

PMID- 3361959
TI  - Resting metabolic requirements of men and women.
AB  - The resting metabolic rates (RMRs) of 44 lean and obese women, 8 of whom were
      trained athletes, and of 60 lean and obese men were measured by indirect
      calorimetry. These healthy humans, ranging from 18 to 82 years old and from 43 to
      171 kg in weight, were mentally and physically active. Body composition was
      determined by densitometry and skinfold thickness. Stepwise multiple regression
      analysis was used to determine whether one or several variables best predicted
      RMR. Body compositional variables reflecting active protoplasmic tissue were all
      highly interrelated. Body weight alone yielded prediction values for RMR
      comparable to those of other variables of active protoplasmic tissue mass. Among
      these mentally and physically active women and men, the influence of age on RMR
      was trivial, and regional distribution of fat had no influence on the RMR. The
      95% confidence limits for RMR in both lean and obese subjects were broad. Thus,
      metabolic efficiency is not necessarily or exclusively related to obesity. In
      fact, the caloric requirements of humans, based on body weight or active
      protoplasmic tissue mass, may vary twofold. With the exception of the elderly
      men, the classic prediction equations and tables developed during the first half
      of this century greatly overestimated the RMR of healthy lean and obese humans.
      Therefore, new regression equations for predicting the RMR based on weight and
      fat-free mass were developed.

PMID- 3361960
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: who are you? Where are you?

PMID- 3361961
TI  - The microcirculation: changes in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3361962
TI  - Lipids and atherosclerotic disease in elderly patients.

PMID- 3361963
TI  - An in vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance study of the variations with age
      in the phosphodiester content of human muscle.
AB  - Human gastrocnemius and slow twitch muscles contain phosphodiesters that may be
      detected in vivo by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This work
      represents a study of 354 spectra obtained from healthy subjects of various ages
      and from patients with peripheral vascular disease. The analysis of the data
      indicate a correlation between the concentration of phosphodiesters and age. By
      comparing the data obtained with healthy subjects and patients it is concluded
      that the increase in phosphodiesters is not due to disease, but to ageing itself.
      The significance of this increase is discussed.

PMID- 3361964
TI  - Studies on prolactin-secreting cells in aging rats of different strains. II.
      Selected morphological and immunocytochemical features of pituitary tumors
      correlated with serum prolactin levels.
AB  - Sixty pituitary tumors from 151 aging rats of the BN/BiRij strain, the WAG/Rij
      strain and their F1 hybrid were studied light microscopically. The lowest tumor
      incidence (18%) was found in the BN/BiRij strain, the highest incidence (71%) in
      the WAG/Rij strain. In the F1 hybrid the incidence (45%) was intermediate between
      those of the parental strains. With a hematoxylin-phloxin-saffron (HPS) staining
      two tumor types, i.e. hemorrhagic and solid could be distinguished.
      Immunocytochemical staining with anti-r-PRL antiserum revealed a positive
      reaction in the hemorrhagic and a negative reaction in the solid type, whereas
      staining with anti-sh-GH and anti-ACTH generally were negative. In animals with
      hemorrhagic as well as with solid tumors elevated serum PRL levels were found,
      although some differences were noticed. Serum levels in females of the WAG/Rij
      strain with hemorrhagic adenomas were significantly higher than the levels in
      females with solid adenomas. In the same strain, age-related differences in PRL
      levels were found. Significantly higher serum PRL levels were found at the age of
      26-32 months than in older animals. The same tendencies were noticed in both
      other strains.

PMID- 3361965
TI  - Effect of lifetime administration of dimethylaminoethanol on longevity, aging
      changes, and cryptogenic neoplasms in C3H mice.
AB  - The effects of lifetime treatment with dimethylaminoethanol on longevity and
      cryptogenic neoplasm formation were studied in females of two mouse sub-lines,
      the C3H/HeN which carries a germinal mammary tumor provirus and the C3H/HeJ(+)
      which also carries the exogenous mammary tumor virus. Administration in the
      drinking water of 10 mM dimethylaminoethanol to the C3H/HeN mice or 15 mM to the
      C3H/HeJ(+) mice did not result in significant differences between treated and
      untreated groups in average survival. No changes in age-related organ structure
      or morphology were observed with dimethylaminoethanol treatment, except for an
      apparent decrease in the amount of lipofuscin in the liver judged in histological
      sections. Among untreated C3H/HeJ(+) females, 89% developed neoplasms of the
      mammary gland, ovary, liver, lung and reticuloendothelial system, while the
      incidence was 88% in the treated mice. In C3H/HeN females, neoplasms of the
      mammary gland, ovary, liver, lung and lymphatic system occurred in 57% and in 60%
      of treated mice. Also, there was no statistically significant difference between
      control and treated animals in the age of onset or the type of specific
      neoplasms. Dimethylaminoethanol did not induce any neoplasms.

PMID- 3361966
TI  - Morphometric studies on pre- and paravertebral sympathetic neurons in the rat:
      changes with age.
AB  - Morphometric measurements have been made on rat sympathetic neurons at ages
      between 6 and 24 months. In neurons of the coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglion
      there is a marked decrease in the neuronal packing density between 12 and 18
      months which is accompanied by increases in the size of the neurons and their
      nuclei. In the superior cervical ganglion, no changes in packing density are seen
      until 18 months after which a decrease occurs, accompanied by slight increases in
      the neuronal parameters. These post-maturation changes occurring throughout adult
      life reveal a continued dynamism of sympathetic neurons into old age as well as
      revealing further differences between populations of sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3361967
TI  - A quantitative study of the effects of age on the noradrenergic innervation of
      Auerbach's plexus in the rat.
AB  - Noradrenergic nerves were demonstrated in stretch preparations of Auerbach's
      plexus and longitudinal muscle from the proximal jejunum of Wistar rats using
      glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence. The density of the noradrenergic nerve
      plexus and the number of nerve terminal varicosities/frame area were assessed
      using a Quantimet 800 image analyser and the number of varicosities/unit length
      of nerve was measured manually with a calibrated planimeter. With increasing age,
      especially between 12 and 18 months there occurs a breakdown of plexus regularity
      and noticeably reduced levels of axonal fluorescence. Image analysis showed a
      decrease in the total area of the plexus of more than 50% and a decrease of
      almost 75% in the total number of varicosities. The frequency of varicosities per
      100 micron of axon decreased from 18.79 at 12 months to 14.79 at 18 months.
      Significant changes in these parameters did not occur during the following 6
      months. The dramatic decrease in the density of the noradrenergic innervation of
      Auerbach's plexus and the fall in number of varicosities with age implies a
      reduction in the potential of the sympathetic nervous system to influence control
      over motility of the jejunum in the aged rat.

PMID- 3361968
TI  - Effects of serum collected from rats of different ages on in vitro cell
      proliferation.
AB  - It has been reported by Carrel and his co-workers that serum from old hens
      inhibits cell growth in culture. However, as we had previously demonstrated
      contradictory results using serum from old rabbits, we examined whether serum
      from old rats would also show strong induction of cell proliferation. Sera from
      young and adult rats of either sex strongly stimulated the growth of rat fetal
      skin fibroblasts and human fetal lung fibroblasts (TIG-1). Sera of old female and
      male rats (24-29 months old) produced much greater fluctuations in growth
      stimulatory activity than sera from young animals. Most samples of serum from old
      rats stimulated the growth of TIG-1 cells, as did fetal bovine serum and samples
      from younger rats, even when a higher concentration of serum (up to 50%) was
      used. On the other hand, a small proportion of samples repressed the growth of
      the cells. A study on the effects of serial mixtures of both different types of
      serum samples from old rats on cell growth suggested that this minor proportion
      of serum samples contain a large amount of inhibitory factor(s). The cell growth
      stimulatory activity of serum did not correlate with the total protein and
      albumin concentrations, albumin/globulin ratio, and the levels of lipid peroxide
      in the sample. These results therefore seemed to imply that serum induced a
      striking increase in the heterogeneity of cell growth stimulatory activity with
      age, although most samples of serum from old rats of either sex stimulated cell
      proliferation as effectively as samples from younger rats. The biological
      significance of the small proportion of serum samples from old rats which do
      inhibit cell proliferation was discussed.

PMID- 3361969
TI  - Changes in negative surface charge of human diploid fibroblasts, TIG-1, during in
      vitro aging.
AB  - The electrophoretic mobility of human diploid fibroblasts, TIG-1, was studied at
      different passages. The net negative surface charge of the cells decreased from 
      1.658 +/- 0.108 micron/s/V/cm at an early passage (15 population doublings, PD)
      to -1.173 +/- 0.116 at the final passage (67 PD) in 1/15 M phosphate buffer
      supplemented with 5.4% glucose. The decrease was slow at 15-45 PD, but was rapid
      at 45-67 PD. The net negative surface charge of small cells in the late passage
      populations was not different from that of larger cells in this population, and
      was significantly lower than that of small cells in the middle passage
      populations. The distribution of the mobilities of cells in each passage was
      independent of the size of the individual cells, and the mean value was distinct
      for the passage number. The viability of the cells was retained during the assay
      of electrophoretic mobility under these conditions. These results indicate that
      the net negative surface charge of human diploid fibroblasts represents a cell
      surface maker for in vitro cellular age in the population.

PMID- 3361970
TI  - [Effect of platelet antiaggregant treatment on the evolution of simple diabetic
      retinopathy. Preliminary results].

PMID- 3361971
TI  - [Which of the various acetylsalicylic acid preparations is the most appropriate
      in each indication? A pharmacokinetic study].

PMID- 3361972
TI  - [Stepwise approach, nondiuretic monotherapy and substitution therapy in
      controlling arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3361973
TI  - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as the first manifestation of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3361974
TI  - [Alprazolam abstinence syndrome].

PMID- 3361975
TI  - [Incorrect use of the word rango (range, rank) in Spanish medical literature].

PMID- 3361976
TI  - [Aplastic anemia secondary to ticlopidine].

PMID- 3361977
TI  - [Change in the prescription of antihypertensive drugs in the new primary care
      model].

PMID- 3361978
TI  - Verapamil abolishes exercise-induced regional contractile dysfunction in dogs.
AB  - The effects of the Ca++-antagonist verapamil on hemodynamic and regional
      myocardial functional parameters were studied in a canine model of exercise
      induced myocardial dysfunction which mimics exercise-induced angina pectoris. Six
      dogs, trained to submit to five treadmill exercise cycles, each consisting of 4
      min of running and 11 min of recovery, were chronically instrumented with a
      microtip manometer in the left ventricle, two pairs of crystals for
      sonomicrometry, a hydraulic occluder around the circumflex branch of the left
      coronary artery and arterial and venous catheters. Control experiments with
      coronary stenosis clarified the reproducibility of exercise-induced regional
      contractile dysfunction and recovery of function in the intervening resting
      periods. In each individual dog, the same degree of stenosis was used in the
      subsequent experiments with verapamil. After two control runs which exhibited
      regional contractile dysfunction of comparable magnitude, verapamil was
      administered intravenously at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg over a period of 5 min.
      Verapamil induced an increase in heart rate at rest due to sympathetic
      counterregulation secondary to a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure. The exercise-induced increases in heart rate and rate-pressure product
      were reduced after verapamil, but the exercise-induced increase in left
      ventricular dp/dtmax was not significantly diminished. The hemodynamic changes
      led to a marked improvement of regional function during exercise in the area
      perfused by the stenosed coronary artery. In a study using identical experimental
      conditions, the Ca++-antagonist bepridil at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/5 min abolished
      the exercise-induced regional contractile dysfunction to a similar extent as
      verapamil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3361979
TI  - BEQUIV interactive microcomputer program for testing equivalence in two-group
      comparative bioavailability trials.
AB  - The BEQUIV program, written in the BASIC language, employs an algorithm based on
      the Anderson and Hauck approach for testing equivalence in two-group comparative
      bioavailability trials (7). Options for calculation of basic statistical
      parameters and analysis of variance were included in view of the maximal
      flexibility of the program. Performance of the program was demonstrated by means
      of a numerical example taken from the pharmacokinetic literature. The program is
      designed for the non-statistically trained user.

PMID- 3361980
TI  - Bronchospasm induced by methacholine inhalation as a model for testing of
      bronchospasmolytics in healthy volunteers.
AB  - Provocation tests with acetylcholine, methacholine, histamine and carbachol are
      used as models for measuring bronchospasmolytics in patients with bronchial
      hyperreactivity. The possibilities of the methacholine provocation test for the
      measurement of bronchospasmolytic agents in healthy volunteers have been
      examined. The relevance of this method will be shown by the example of the
      effects of two beta 2-mimetics in comparison to placebo. Under placebo
      conditions, methacholine provocation resulted in an increase of bronchial
      resistance of approximately 200% in volunteers. The various dosages of the two
      test substances showed a clear, dose-related bronchospasmolysis. The described
      method can be used as a model of investigation for testing bronchospasmolytics in
      healthy volunteers.

PMID- 3361982
TI  - [Acyclovir--the first clinically useful peroral agent effective in herpes
      simplex].

PMID- 3361981
TI  - [Balloon dilatation--an alternative method in the treatment of heart valve
      stenosis and vascular stenosis in children].

PMID- 3361983
TI  - [Herpes simplex virus infections--etiology and diagnosis].

PMID- 3361984
TI  - [Eczema, itching, heat and humidity problems as obstacles to the effective use of
      hearing protective devices].

PMID- 3361985
TI  - [Examination of obstructive sleep apnea syndromes--presentation of a screening
      technic].

PMID- 3361986
TI  - [Increased cooperation of relatives in cancer treatment might start an earlier
      grief reaction].

PMID- 3361987
TI  - [Women with early alcohol problems have many psychological defence mechanisms].

PMID- 3361988
TI  - [Hypertensive patients under control--a survey at a health care center].

PMID- 3361989
TI  - [Moderate speech disorders in 4-year old children often disappear spontaneously].

PMID- 3361990
TI  - [Presentation of a new method. Symptom rating in irritable colon and duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3361991
TI  - [Excitatory amino acids and brain damage in ischemia and asphyxia].

PMID- 3361992
TI  - [Acute gait disorders--an adverse effect of chloroquine].

PMID- 3361993
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis and the risk of cancer. A suggestion for a follow-up
      program].

PMID- 3361994
TI  - [Compulsory psychiatric care without locked wards: illusion or reality?].

PMID- 3361995
TI  - [Compulsory psychiatric care with locks: the pressure effect is a reality].

PMID- 3361996
TI  - [Laryngocele--a rare cause of upper airway obstruction].

PMID- 3361997
TI  - [Examination of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with increased
      tendency to thrombosis].

PMID- 3361998
TI  - [The cost of medical care of HIV/AIDS estimated at about 500 million crowns in
      1990].

PMID- 3361999
TI  - [Mechanics of the ear ossicle chain in static pressures. I. The normal middle
      ear].
AB  - The mechanics of the ossicle chain, induced by variations of static air pressure
      ranging from 0 to +/- 400 H2O, were analysed in an experimental study of 25
      temporal bone preparations. The three-dimensional movements of the umbo, the
      proc. lenticularis and stapes at these pressures, applied at the external ear
      canal, were measured microscopically. Direct high-grade radiographic
      magnification technique demonstrated these displacements dynamically. In the
      normal ossicle chain, the air pressure-induced inward-outward excursions of the
      malleus are transformed by the gliding incudo-malleal joint, resulting
      predominantly in an upward and downward movement of the lenticular process. Thus,
      the incudo-stapedial joint can glide, and the stapes is uncoupled from the
      extensive displacements of the drum membrane and malleus. This mode of motion
      accounts for some anatomical details of the middle ear and explains results of
      former studies of ossicle vibrations produced by unphysiologically high sound
      pressures.

PMID- 3362000
TI  - [Dynamic properties of the ipsilateral tactile-elicited stapedius muscle reflex
      in probands with normal hearing].
AB  - We tested 94 male and female persons with normal hearing. From these persons we
      elicited from the external ear canal the ipsilateral tactile stapedius muscle
      reflex and examined its dynamic properties. The electric stimulus consisted of a
      series of electric impulses of a duration of 30 msec lasting for 1 sec. The
      intensity ranged from 2.0-8.0 mA increasing in steps of 0.5 mA. Statistical
      evaluation showed a significant reflex dependence on stimulus intensity and sex
      of the volunteers but not on the volunteer's age. Starting with a stimulus
      intensity of 3.5 mA all tested persons showed good reflex response. The average
      latency between the start of the stimulus and the beginning of the reflex was 130
      200 msec diminishing with growing stimulus intensity. The best parameters
      describing the dynamic properties of the reflex seem to be the latencies L 1 and
      L 3 at a stimulus intensity of 3.5 - 6.0 mA.

PMID- 3362001
TI  - [Sensitivity and specificity of intranasal provocation].
AB  - As a result of the development of a number of modern biochemical and
      immunological in-vitro techniques together with in-vivo skin tests, it has been
      possible to purify, characterise and standardise allergen extracts for diagnosis
      and therapy. Despite the diagnostic value of the NPT for daily clinical practice,
      no standardisation has been achieved to establish the correct allergen
      concentration for that test. In 43 patients allergic to grass we determined the
      nasal threshold by means of allergen titrations with increasing concentrations
      from 1000 BE/ml to 170,000 BE/ml (1000 BE/ml = 1 HEP). For evaluation we used
      rhinomanometry and symptom scores. 10 normal subjects served as control. In order
      to achieve the best sensitivity and specificity of the NPT, allergen
      concentrations of 100,000-150,000 BE/ml had to be used. For research purposes an
      allergen titration is recommended as standard. Much work remains to be done in
      respect of technique and evaluation criteria to establish a standardised and
      reliable NPT.

PMID- 3362002
TI  - [Usefulness of Phadiatop as a screening parameter in inhalation allergies].
AB  - After IgE had been identified as the key mediator of type-I-allergies, laboratory
      tests to measure total-IgE (PRIST) and specific IgE (RAST) were developed. Since
      1986 a new screening method based on the RAST-technique has been introduced:
      Phadiatop. We evaluated the usefulness of Phadiatop for the allergologist
      compared to the information provided by total IgE-measurement (PRIST). Despite a
      statistically significant difference in favour of Phadiatop over PRIST, Phadiatop
      alone does not seem to be sufficient parameter for allergy screening. In its
      current conception it can neither rule out false negative findings, nor does it
      allow a precise determination as to which inhalation allergy prevails.

PMID- 3362003
TI  - [Blood gases and acid-base balance in patients before and after treatment of
      obstruction of the nose].
AB  - Poor patency of the nasal passage has a negative impact on respiration. In 52
      patients with increased nasal resistance blood gases and acid-base balance were
      measured according to the method of Astrup before and after surgical treatment of
      the upper respiratory organs. We found a significant increase of paO2 (on the
      average by 0.656 kpa; p less than 0.05) and of the buffer bases. The other
      parameters did not change to a statistically significant extent. The lower paO2
      value in increased nasal resistance is most likely not due to hypoventilation.
      Altered nasopulmonary and nasothoracis reflexes exercise a negative influence on
      pulmonary mechanics and the laryngotracheobronchial tonus with subsequent
      alteration of the intrapulmonary distribution of the inspired air, and on
      ventilation-perfusion conditions of the lungs.

PMID- 3362004
TI  - [Reflections on the use of fluid dimethylpolysiloxan in plastic surgery of the
      head and neck].
AB  - The authors present retrospectively results and complications of 47 treatments
      with fluid dimethylpolysiloxane (silicone). The injections were not administered
      in the author's surgical department. The history of fluid silicone, its tissue
      reactions and the aesthetic results obtained are described. Different types of
      complications and their management are discussed. According to the authors'
      experience fluid dimethylpolysiloxane has not proved to be a proper material for
      plastic reconstructive and aesthetic treatment in the head and neck region.

PMID- 3362006
TI  - [Evoked response audiometry in pediatric audiology].
AB  - Since we know that maturation of the hearing system occurs within the first few
      weeks after birth, audiologic testing should be performed as soon as possible
      whenever there is the slightest suspicion of a hearing disorder. The only
      reliable test method in this early period of life is the electric response
      audiometry. To use the advantages of this objective test method, several criteria
      must be observed. The most important of these are: 1. good sedation, 2.
      sufficient test routine comprising not only clicks but also 500 Hz pulses and
      bone-conducted stimuli, and 3. sufficient experience in the interpretation of the
      various recorded response patterns. Comparing subjective and objective results in
      533 children, the ERA proves to be the more reliable and effective method giving
      extensive information on the hearing threshold and the dynamic response of
      audition and allowing an exact control and correction of the hearing aid
      adjustment.

PMID- 3362005
TI  - [Pharynx-esophagus replacement by synthetic skin].
AB  - Report on the temporary substitution of pharynx and upper oesophagus with
      synthetic skin substitute in case of incurable obdurating neck carcinoma.

PMID- 3362007
TI  - [Cochlear implant for children? Possibilities--risks--prerequisites].
AB  - The development of scientific, technical, medical and psychological knowledge of
      human hearing and communication has reached a point where it seems possible to
      liberate totally deaf patients from their acoustic isolation. For some of them
      there is now reasonable hope that, to a certain degree, hearing and speech may be
      restored by the use of a cochlear implant. The cochlear implant is a device which
      directly stimulates the auditory nerve via electrical stimuli and in doing so
      mimics the function of the auditory system transmitting sound information to the
      central hearing pathways. It is expected that the human brain is able to "read"
      this message and, for example, to understand speech. But there are very special
      risks regarding implantation in children which are reviewed and discussed.
      Preconditions that have to be met to ethically, justify this experiment are
      stated, aiming at achieving maximum benefit for the child.

PMID- 3362008
TI  - [Correction of the gaping eustachian tube osteum with injectable collagen].

PMID- 3362009
TI  - Photoelectric measurement of laryngeal paralyses correlated with
      videostroboscopy.
AB  - Photoglottography and electroglottography are relatively noninvasive techniques
      that provide detailed information about vocal fold vibration. However, few
      significant clinical applications have been made by correlating photoelectric
      waveforms to specific pathologic changes in laryngeal vibration. Videostroboscopy
      has recently been used to document vibratory patterns of laryngeal paralyses in a
      canine model of phonation. A study of PGG and EGG waveforms correlated with
      videostroboscopy in an in-vivo canine model of phonation with simulated
      unilateral recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve paralysis is presented. The
      shift quotient--a new glottographic parameter which identifies flaccid laryngeal
      paralyses--is presented.

PMID- 3362010
TI  - Vocal fatigue and dysphonia in the professional voice user: Bogart-Bacall
      syndrome.
AB  - Over the past 5 years, the authors have treated 67 adult professional voice users
      with a musculoskeletal tension disorder involving the larynx and supporting
      structures and leading to vocal dysfunction. Common clinical features in both
      sexes were muscle tension in the neck, poor control of the breath stream, and an
      abnormally low-pitched speaking voice. Most of the men sounded like Humphrey
      Bogart and the women like Lauren Bacall. These cases represent a discrete
      clinical vocal fatigue syndrome, the treatment of which is patient education and
      voice therapy.

PMID- 3362011
TI  - Auditory brainstem response in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used by several investigators to study
      the role of the brain stem in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea
      (OSA). These studies have produced conflicting results. We studied 27
      preoperative OSA patients and 17 controls using click stimuli presented at a slow
      (11.7/second) rate and at a fast (57.7/second) rate. ABR was repeated
      postoperatively in 18 patients. There were no statistically significant
      differences in the ABRs of preoperative OSA patients when compared with the
      control group. However, the preoperative recordings showed statistically
      significant prolonged latencies for wave III (p less than 0.01) and interpeak
      latency (IPL) I-III (p less than 0.01) when compared to postoperative recordings.
      Rapid-rate testing was not helpful. Although normal sleep does not cause ABR
      abnormalities, the pathological sleepiness seen in OSA patients may cause
      brainstem dysfunction manifested by prolonged ABR latencies. These abnormalities
      may resolve with treatment of OSA.

PMID- 3362012
TI  - Retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy: a reevaluation.
AB  - Selective vestibular neurectomy is considered an effective means of relieving
      intractable vertigo while preserving hearing. In order to determine the
      effectiveness of the retrolabyrinthine approach to selective vestibular
      neurectomy, we evaluated 161 patients who underwent vestibular neurectomy between
      April 1981 and September 1985. Questionnaire responses indicated that 97% of the
      Meniere's disease patients and 68% of the non-Meniere's disease patients
      experienced a substantial improvement or resolution of their vertiginous
      symptoms. Hearing was maintained within 10 dB of the preoperative level in the
      majority of the patients. Neurological complications were limited to 2 cases of
      meningitis which resolved with medical therapy, 7 cases of cerebral spinal fluid
      leaks, and 3 cases of complete sensorineural hearing loss. Based on this review,
      we concluded that retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy continues to be a safe
      and effective approach to relieve ear-related vertigo.

PMID- 3362013
TI  - Perilymphatic fistula in children with preexisting sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Progression of preexisting sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants and
      children has been considered an indication for fistula exploration: is this
      approach warranted? On exploring 36 middle ears in 26 such children, we found a
      perilymphatic fistula (PLF) in four ears (11%). Although there was radiographic
      evidence of inner-ear deformity in one half of these children, a definite fistula
      was found in only four of 18 radiographically abnormal ears explored (22%). Even
      in the four patients with a history of an "event" that could implicate a fistula
      such as exertion or barotrauma, a fistula was found in only one. There are a
      number of possible causes for progression of a preexisting SNHL, and surgical
      exploration of the middle ear should not be recommended on the basis of
      progression alone. Instead, exploration for a suspected PLF should be strongly
      considered when there is also a history of an "event", and/or radiographic
      evidence of inner-ear abnormalities. Even under these conditions, one should be
      aware that fistulae are not likely to be found.

PMID- 3362014
TI  - Comparison of complications following frontal sinus fractures managed with
      exploration with or without obliteration over 10 years.
AB  - Two hundred twelve patients were treated for facial or skull trauma at the West
      Virginia University Hospital between the years 1977 and 1987. Sixty-six of these
      patients had frontal sinus or nasofrontal duct trauma. Follow-up information was
      obtained on 64 of these patients through clinic visits, chart review,
      questionnaires to patients and physicians, and telephone calls to the patients.
      Follow-up greater than 1 year was obtained on 52 patients. Sixty-four patients
      were managed either with a frontal sinus obliteration or with an open exploratory
      procedure. The incidence of complications occurring in the past 10 years after
      each of these procedures is compared. Because the indications for each procedure
      vary somewhat, data is presented on fracture etiology, associated injuries,
      specific fracture location, fracture displacement, severity of injury, and
      associated cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

PMID- 3362015
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in patients 40 years of age and
      younger.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is largely a disease of the middle
      aged and elderly. When it occurs in younger patients, the prognosis for long-term
      survival appears to be worse than in the older age group. The records of 41
      patients aged 40 years and younger who presented with squamous cell carcinoma of
      the head and neck were reviewed. Twenty-eight of these patients (68%) developed
      recurrence; of these, 21 (51%) died with disease, and two are alive with disease.
      These results indicate a trend toward poorer survival than previous rates
      reported nationally for all patients with carcinoma of the head and neck over a
      similar time period. Lesions of the oral tongue, nasopharynx, and paranasal
      sinuses seem to have a particularly poor prognosis.

PMID- 3362016
TI  - Recurrent Bell's palsy: analysis of 140 patients.
AB  - Of 1,700 patients with facial paralysis seen in a retrospective study from 1969
      through 1977 and 280 patients seen prospectively from 1983 through 1986, 7.1% had
      recurrence of Bell's palsy. In this group, the frequency of ipsilateral
      recurrence was equal to that for contralateral recurrence. The mean age at onset
      of Bell's palsy was 33.0 years; Bell's palsy recurred a mean of 9.8 years later.
      Recurrent facial paralysis did not indicate a worse prognosis for recovery
      regardless of which side was affected. There was no statistical difference
      between results for male patients or female patients, nor was there a
      statistically significant sex predominance, except in the age group 10 to 19
      years. In our results, computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with recurrent
      Bell's palsy detected no facial-nerve neuroma. Of 77 patients followed a mean of
      33 years after the first episode (range, 2.8 to 60 years), none showed
      progressive facial-nerve dysfunction or any signs of tumor. We conclude that an
      ipsilateral recurrence of facial paralysis without documented evidence of a tumor
      does not warrant a transmastoid decompression of the facial nerve. The results of
      our analysis were verified prospectively as well as retrospectively. A new
      classification system is introduced for ease of computer analysis and for
      simplified discussion of recurrent facial paralysis.

PMID- 3362017
TI  - Glottographic measures of vocal fold vibration: an examination of laryngeal
      paralysis.
AB  - Photoglottography and electroglottography were applied to groups of patients with
      recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, and
      combined recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve paralyses of idiopathic causes.
      Individual patients with resection of the vagal nerve above the origin of the
      superior laryngeal nerve were also studied. Open Quotient and Speed Quotient were
      calculated from the photoglottography signals. Speed Quotient values
      significantly differentiated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis from idiopathic
      paralysis and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, as well as from normal
      function. Data from patients with vagal resection clearly differentiated them
      from patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The measure of Open
      Quotient distinguished pathological phonation from normal, but was not as useful
      for separation of differing lesions. Electroglottography appeared to be less
      useful than photoglottography. The pathophysiology underlying the observed
      glottographic signals is discussed.

PMID- 3362018
TI  - Osteochondroma presenting as a neck mass: a case report.
AB  - Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors which rarely present as neck masses. This
      report reviews the literature and presents the case of a 10-year-old girl with a
      neck mass and hoarseness due to an osteochondroma of the cervical spine. An
      extensive diagnostic evaluation and partial surgical excision were necessary.
      Although rare, osteochondromas should be considered in the differential diagnosis
      of a firm neck mass. Surgical excision of these lesions is recommended.

PMID- 3362019
TI  - Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone: a surgical technique of treatment.
AB  - Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone is a well-documented complication of
      radiotherapy to the ear, with potentially lethal complications. Three cases of
      advanced disease, treated surgically, are presented. In two of these, subtotal
      petrosectomy with blind-sac closure of the external auditory canal was carried
      out via an anterior approach. The enclosed space was obliterated with pedicled
      temporalis muscle. Primary healing took place. One case was similarly obliterated
      using a prolonged posterior incision. The wound broke down, requiring a
      microvascular free flap for closure. Radiotherapy jeopardizes the viability of
      skin flaps. An anterior incision bases the flap behind on the occipital and
      postauricular arteries. When radiotherapy has been used, this incision has
      theoretical and practical advantages over a standard posterior incision.

PMID- 3362020
TI  - Cochlear hypoxia and the compound action potentials.
AB  - A relatively restricted area, including the ear, was perfused in guinea pigs with
      hypoxic blood having a pO2 of 10, 20, and 30 mm Hg, respectively. The changes
      induced to the cochlear action potentials were analyzed and the results compared
      with those obtained in a previous study in which the guinea pigs were rendered
      hypoxemic by ventilating them with air entrapped in a closed circuit from which
      the CO2 was continuously absorbed. The changes induced to the cochlear action
      potentials by both methods were very similar. However, while using the
      territorial model for inducing hypoxia, 75% of the animals showed a threshold
      shift at a blood pO2 of 20 mm Hg and with the general model all the animals
      showed a threshold shift at 25 mm Hg blood pO2. In other words, if the hypoxic
      condition affected the whole body, other factors such as a slight, but continuous
      tendency to acidosis with significant increase in blood lactic acid concentration
      could join the oxygen deficit in affecting cochlear function.

PMID- 3362021
TI  - Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the hypopharynx with special reference to
      nodal control.
AB  - From October 1977 through December 1983, 61 patients with carcinoma of the
      hypopharynx were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and surgery or with RT
      alone. Five-year survival rates by N-stage, according to the TNM classification
      by UICC (1978), were 52% for N0 cases, 23% for N1, and 17% for N2-3 (N1 vs. N2-3,
      not significant). For N1-3 cases, corresponding figures by level of cervical
      nodal involvement by UICC (1978) were 29% for level 3 cases, 15% for level 2, and
      8% for level 4 (level 3 vs. level 4, p less than 0.04). Therefore, the level of
      cervical nodal involvement was a more useful prognosticator for patients with
      nodal metastasis than the N-stage. Effective nodal control for patients with
      clinically positive nodes (N1-3) was obtained with a combination of neck node
      dissection and RT of 50 Gy or more. For N0 cases, elective RT of 50 Gy or more,
      encompassing an adequate field, was required.

PMID- 3362022
TI  - Evoked accelerometry: a sensitive and accurate method for evaluating facial nerve
      function using a portable device.
AB  - A new electrodiagnostic technique has been developed which can be used to monitor
      facial nerve function. The technique has been termed "evoked accelerometry" (EAC)
      and is administered by a portable DC powered device. In performing a test, the
      device stimulates the facial nerve and then measures the evoked muscular response
      by a small accelerometer sensor affixed to the face with suction. The magnitude
      of the response is displayed as a digital readout on the device meter. The degree
      to which a reading is subnormal indicates the extent of nerve degeneration. In a
      study of normal participants the stimulus-response characteristics of the EAC
      technique were found to be similar to those of ENoG, indicating the clinical
      efficacy of the technique. However, evoked accelerometry was found to be more
      sensitive than ENoG (i.e., detectable response of 0.3% to 0.6% vs. 1.8% to 5.2%)
      and more accurate than ENoG (average error of 6.8% vs. 13.9% to 20.7%).

PMID- 3362023
TI  - Greater palatine foramen injection made easy.

PMID- 3362024
TI  - Easy method for inserting T-tubes.

PMID- 3362025
TI  - [Physician competence in relation to the welfare of the patient].

PMID- 3362026
TI  - [The role of instability in the etiopathogenesis of injuries of the upper part of
      the femoral bone].

PMID- 3362027
TI  - [Skin malignancies--adverse effect of continuous immunosuppressive therapy].

PMID- 3362028
TI  - [Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma].

PMID- 3362029
TI  - [Report of a female patient with progressive systemic sclerosis and primary
      biliary cirrhosis].

PMID- 3362030
TI  - [Gastric obstruction caused by a trichobezoar].

PMID- 3362031
TI  - [The value of cystoscopy in the evaluation of the severity and course of
      vesicoureteral reflux in children].

PMID- 3362032
TI  - [Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of preclinical cancer of the uterine
      cervix].

PMID- 3362033
TI  - [Attitude of nurses to aged persons].

PMID- 3362034
TI  - [Anatomical terms used also in phonetics].

PMID- 3362035
TI  - Modification of the response to opioid and nonopioid drugs by chronic opioid
      antagonist treatment.
AB  - Chronic exposure to opioid antagonists increases the analgesic actions of opioids
      such as morphine. In the present studies, morphine's analgesic potency was
      increased (supersensitivity) following an 8 day subcutaneous naltrexone implant
      in mice, but not following a 1 day implant. Supersensitivity was maximal 24hr
      following the 8 day implant and declined linearly and had returned to control
      levels by 120hr. Implantation of naltrexone pellets for 8 days was found to
      increase the relative analgesic potency of methadone by 120%, while the lethal
      potency of cocaine was slightly (19%), but significantly, decreased. In contrast,
      identical treatment did not alter the potency of the benzodiazepine alprazolam to
      induce ataxia.

PMID- 3362036
TI  - Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
      as measured by microdialysis.
AB  - Dopamine was measured by microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving
      rats while they experienced rewarding food, brain stimulation and drugs.
      Extracellular dopamine increased 37% when the animals pressed a lever for food
      reward. Electrical stimulation of a lateral hypothalamic feeding-reward (self
      stimulation) site caused a similar increase in dopamine, with or without food. At
      the site in the nucleus accumbens where rats will administer amphetamine to
      themselves, injections of amphetamine or cocaine increased extracellular dopamine
      five-fold. Thus amphetamine and cocaine increase dopamine in a behavior
      reinforcement system which is normally activated by eating. Conversely, the
      release of dopamine by eating could be a factor in addiction to food.

PMID- 3362037
TI  - Responsiveness of genetically epilepsy-prone rats to intracerebroventricular
      morphine-induced convulsions.
AB  - The sensitivity to intracerebroventricular morphine-induced convulsions was
      determined in members of the severe seizure (GEPR-9) and moderate seizure (GEPR
      3) colonies of genetically epilepsy-prone rats as well as in non-epileptic
      control rats. GEPR-9s were more sensitive to morphine-induced wet-dog shakes,
      rearing with bilateral forelimb clonus and generalized clonus than controls of
      GEPR-3s. GEPR-3s were less sensitive to morphine-induced wet-dog shakes and
      rearing with bilateral forelimb clonus than controls. Both high and extremely low
      doses of morphine in GEPR-9s elicited tonic extensor convulsions resembling the
      characteristic sound-induced convulsion of GEPR-9s. The results suggest that
      opiotergic systems may contribute to the pathophysiology of the seizure-prone
      condition in GEPR-9s. Further, differences in responsiveness of opiotergic
      systems in GEPR-3s and GEPR-9s may partially account for differences in seizure
      severity in the characteristic sound-induced seizures of these two types of
      GEPRs.

PMID- 3362038
TI  - Effect of morphine on hCG release by first trimester human trophoblast in vitro.
AB  - Opiate synthesis by human placental cells and the presence of kappa-type opiate
      binding sites in the syncytiotrophoblast brush border membrane may indicate the
      possible role of morphine-like substances in the autocrine regulation of
      trophoblast cell metabolism. This study was undertaken to examine the in vitro
      effect of morphine on hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) and hPL (human
      placental lactogen) release by 1st and 3rd trimester placental tissue explants.
      The results have shown that morphine (100 nM) significantly stimulated hCG
      secretion by 6-8 weeks old trophoblast and was without effect on hPL. Hormone
      secretion by term placental tissue explants was unaffected by morphine treatment.
      Based on these results we assume that opiates may have a role in the local
      (autocrine and/or paracrine) regulation of hCG secretion in early gestation.

PMID- 3362039
TI  - An exponential model used for optimal threshold selection on ROC curves.
AB  - A two-parameter exponential equation for modeling a receiver operating
      characteristic (ROC) curve is presented, where the area under the curve is a
      simple function of one of the parameters. The model makes no distributional
      assumptions about the underlying normal and abnormal patient populations or about
      the shape of the resulting ROC curves. In a computer simulation of 75 ROC curves,
      the model provides a fit equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimate method
      commonly used for ROC curve fitting. Similar results are obtained using the model
      to fit ROC curve data from the literature. The model's equation calculates the
      true-positive ratio as a function of the false-positive ratio, and has a first
      derivative that is useful for finding the optimal decision threshold for a
      diagnostic testing procedure. In particular, the model is useful in a computer
      program for finding jointly optimal thresholds for multiple sequential tests.

PMID- 3362040
TI  - Laboratory use: attitudes implicit in a national examination.
AB  - The quantitative principles of test selection and interpretation have been
      reluctantly integrated into clinical practice. This reluctance may reflect an
      underlying faculty attitude towards the laboratory. To evaluate this attitude,
      the scoring standards used for 23 patient management problems (PMPs) in the 1980
      and 1983 Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Programs were reviewed. All diagnostic
      options were categorized by dollar cost, risk, and a determination of
      "routineness." Attitudes were probed by reviewing the scores obtained by
      indiscriminate selection of all items in a category. Our analysis indicated that
      the examiners valued routine, little-ticket, little-risk items. Such selection
      would be rewarded 85% of the time and in 95%, no penalty would be received.
      Further, indifference was more frequent for little-ticket items and accounted for
      11.7% of acceptable diagnostic expense. An examinee analyzing these scoring keys
      could reasonably conclude that routine, little-ticket items should be ordered
      whenever offered. Hence, at a national level, there is an attitude that
      implicitly encourages the use of these items in clinical practice.

PMID- 3362041
TI  - A program for optimizing drug dosage regimens: digoxin.

PMID- 3362042
TI  - Public-domain utility programs.

PMID- 3362044
TI  - Cross-Chek PC.

PMID- 3362043
TI  - Daisy: statistical program for physicians and scientists.

PMID- 3362045
TI  - The need for formal medical computing studies.

PMID- 3362046
TI  - Programs to estimate spirometric normals.

PMID- 3362047
TI  - [Development of a set of instruments and tools for fixation of facial bones by
      the Osipov-Ermolaev-Kulagov technic].
AB  - A kit of instruments and devices for the fixation of the facial skeleton
      according to Osipov-Ermolyaev-Kulagov method has been worked out to replace the
      two manufactured kits of similar purpose. The above kit has parts and devices
      with higher functional characteristics, the total number of instruments and the
      cost have been reduced.

PMID- 3362049
TI  - [The hardening of cutting blades of dental cutters by laser treatment].
AB  - Laser treatment of dental cutter, made of carbon steel, permits to reach a 3-fold
      increase in the time of their serviceability.

PMID- 3362048
TI  - [Increasing the working life of dental excavators by the addition of a layer of
      hard alloy to the working surface].
AB  - The use of hard alloy coatings for the working surfaces of the hatchet excavator
      applied by electric spark alloying can increase the working life of the above
      instruments by 0.5-1.5 times.

PMID- 3362050
TI  - [Measures for the scientific organization of labor and management in the
      production of dental drills].
AB  - Scientific organization of labour and management of steel drills manufacture
      contributed to solution of both social and industrial problems. Labour intensity
      in drill production is 2.3% reduced (instead of 1.1% by plan), middle skill
      category of workers increased from 3.1 to 4.1. New working professions appeared:
      repairman for special hardware, trouble-shooter, etc. It is assumed that the
      adopted variant of labour division and cooperation ensure to workers the maximum
      employment with equal level of labour stress, and complete utilization of new
      technique.

PMID- 3362051
TI  - [Improved method of determining the complex index of the technical level of
      medical equipment and apparatus].
AB  - Considerable drawbacks have been found in examining the well-known methods of
      determining the complex indices of the product technical level. The widely used
      method of calculating the complex index of the technical level as the arithmetic
      mean of separate indices gives comparatively accurate results only in the narrow
      range of identical single indices. Comparing the product indices with those of
      the standard specimen and vice versa gives incompatible results. The proposed
      method of calculating the complex index based on determining the relative
      deviations of indices from their mean value has significant advantages as
      compared to the considered method and can be recommended for the evaluation of
      the technical level of medical equipment.

PMID- 3362052
TI  - [Accelerating the development and productivity of medical technology].

PMID- 3362053
TI  - [Outlook for growth in the manufacture of instruments used in oral medicine].
AB  - Introduction of newer dental instruments is foreseen owing to the perfection of
      manufacturing methods, equipment and rigging.

PMID- 3362054
TI  - [Technical equipment for oral radiography].
AB  - Listed problems of dental roentgenography and technical characteristics of dental
      roentgenological equipment used in the Soviet stomatology demonstrate a lot of
      disadvantages. The principles of apparatus design need the improvements,
      indicated in the paper.

PMID- 3362055
TI  - [Experience with the clinical use of a device for the UV-irradiation of
      circulating blood].
AB  - The article considers the indications and possibilities of using the device for
      flowing extracorporeal ultraviolet radiation of blood. The uniformity of the
      radiation of blood in the proposed device provides an annular gap of the quartz
      dish with the partition in the shape of a spiral. It makes it possible to expose
      a larger part of the blood content of an organism simultaneously making use of
      various perfused methods of its detoxication.

PMID- 3362056
TI  - [Experience with the use of an experimental device for treatment of the mouth in
      patients with diseases and injuries of the maxillofacial area].
AB  - High efficacy of a proposed device for oral cavity care in patients with diseases
      and damages of maxillofacial region was demonstrated during clinical trials.
      Owing to its engineering characteristics maintenance and exploitation of the
      device are not difficult.

PMID- 3362057
TI  - [Phonoenterography in childhood].
AB  - The paper presents the data on phonoenterograms of 96 healthy children.
      Registration of the type of intestinal acoustic activity and its round-the-clock
      variations is found to be mandatory.

PMID- 3362058
TI  - [Lubricant-free piston compressors for mechanized medical instruments].
AB  - Piston compressor without lubrication with air blow to packing rings by plunger,
      disposed in subpiston space, is recommended as the basic scheme of construction
      of a power supply unit for medical pneumatic tooling. The construction reduces a
      leak of the compressive medium, increasing the efficiency of a compressor and
      seal reliability.

PMID- 3362059
TI  - A simple high-frequency antenna for NMR imaging.
AB  - The classic whole-body or head antennas for NMR imaging do not resonate properly
      at higher frequencies. The high-frequency antenna presented is constructed from
      segments of transmission lines and is treated as a distributed parameter system.
      It has an RF magnetic response similar to that of the classic saddle-shaped
      antenna, has low exposed impedance to avoid dielectric losses in the patient, and
      does not disturb the magnetic field gradients. The implementation of a whole-body
      antenna for 64 MHz is described and tested.

PMID- 3362060
TI  - Doubly tuned local coils for MRI and MRS at 1.5 T.
AB  - We describe a doubly tuned radiofrequency (RF) local coil probe designed
      specifically for performing in vivo image-localized spectroscopy. The probe was
      designed using principles developed in connection with the counter-rotating
      current (CRC) and planar-pair loop gap resonators for magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI). The probe design satisfies several criteria useful for in vivo 1H/31P
      experiments at 1.5 T. First, sensitivity on the low-frequency mode is preserved
      relative to a singly tuned coil. This result was confirmed by bench-test and in
      vitro MR experimental data. Second, through principles of intrinsic decoupling
      the probe is isolated from any externally applied uniform excitation field, which
      is desirable for in vivo 1H imaging and solvent suppression. Third, the regions
      of sensitivity of the high- and low-frequency modes of the coil are similar, and
      therefore spectroscopic volumes of interest identified on an image will reflect
      the same volumes as those selected during spectroscopy. Finally, interface to the
      MR system is such that the high- or low-frequency circuits may be selected
      entirely under software control, with no requirement for changing coils or cables
      or moving the subject.

PMID- 3362061
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in experimental brain edema: effects of
      water concentration, protein concentration, and temperature.
AB  - Proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of macromolecular solutions, bovine brain
      tissues, and experimental cat brain edema tissues were studied as a function of
      water concentration, protein concentration, and temperature. A linear relation
      was found between the inverse of the weight fraction of tissue water and the spin
      lattice relaxation rate, R1, based on a fast proton exchange model for
      relaxation. This correlation was also found for the spin-spin relaxation rate,
      R2, of gray matter samples and macromolecular solutions at low concentrations.
      Concentrated solutions of protein-water samples showed an enhanced relaxation due
      to viscosity effects. The T2 of white matter was considerably lengthened with
      elevated water concentration, but showed no straightforward relation with the
      total tissue water content. The relaxation times of all samples increased with
      temperature, supporting the assumption of fast proton exchange in the model for
      relaxation. This was not found for white matter, in which T2 decreased with
      increasing temperature, which indicated that intermediate or even slow exchange
      was present. The relation found between relaxation times and tissue water content
      can be used to predict the amount of and/or increase in tissue water due to water
      elevating processes such as edema.

PMID- 3362062
TI  - Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography.
AB  - A time-resolved phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography technique is
      described. This technique provides a series of angiograms obtained at different
      phases of the cardiac cycle. Such a series of angiograms can be used to evaluate
      blood flow dynamics. For example, turbulent flow in the regions of vessel
      bifurcations is easily demonstrated and followed during systole and diastole.
      Retrograde flow can also be observed. Dynamic angiography can be particularly
      useful in distinguishing transient image features, such as signal voids due to
      turbulent flow, from static features arising from vessel morphology.

PMID- 3362063
TI  - Dynamic range compression in MRI by means of a nonlinear gradient pulse.
AB  - In current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), valuable information must often be
      discarded because the NMR signal has greater dynamic range than the analog-to
      digital converter (ADC) hardware. Typically, a small set of high-intensity data
      points near the center of the spin echo is responsible for most of the MRI data
      dynamic range. We predict that it is possible to reduce the dynamic range of the
      MRI spin echo by incorporating an identical nonlinear gradient pulse into each
      repetition of the imaging pulse sequence, prior to data sampling. This pulse
      converts the phase distribution of the subject, ordinarily a linear function of
      image coordinates, into a nonlinear function. A nonlinear phase distribution can
      have a negligible impact on image magnitude and yet a profound impact on spin
      echo magnitude. Given a nonlinear phase distribution, there will no longer be a
      single data point at which all of the protons have an identical phase (the echo
      center). Instead, the protons become phase coherent on a piecemeal basis, the
      echo peak is smoothed out, and its maximum amplitude and dynamic range are
      greatly diminished. Using gradient pulses of quadratic spatial variation, we
      estimate that maximum echo amplitude and dynamic range can be reduced in most
      cases by an order of magnitude.

PMID- 3362064
TI  - Phospholipid profile of the human brain: 31P NMR spectroscopic study.
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine,
      phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, and ethanolamine plasmalogen represent the
      six most abundant phospholipids of brain cell membrane. The ratio of the
      phospholipid contents (phospholipid profile) of the brain is remarkably
      consistent under various metabolic conditions and alteration of the phospholipid
      profile is believed to reflect changes in the membrane system. We describe here a
      simple but sensitive method to analyze the phospholipid profile of the human
      brain utilizing the acidified chloroform-methanol lipid extraction method of
      Folch et al. and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Unique
      regional phospholipid profiles were consistently obtained. Although the large
      chemical-shift anisotropy of the 31P confined to rigid structures such as the
      cell membrane precludes direct observation of phospholipid profiles in living
      tissue, a reflection of the membrane phospholipid profiles can nevertheless be
      obtained by studying "NMR visible" water soluble intermediate metabolites of
      membrane phospholipids in vivo.

PMID- 3362065
TI  - Metabolic profiling of body fluids by proton NMR: self-poisoning episodes with
      paracetamol (acetaminophen).
AB  - 1H NMR spectra of urine and plasma from subjects who had taken paracetamol
      (acetaminophen) at a therapeutic dose or in self-poisoning episodes (both fatal
      and nonfatal) are compared. They provide convenient metabolic profiles. For
      overdose cases, intense resonances corresponding to high levels of both drug and
      endogenous metabolites are observed. The ratios of glucuronide to sulfate
      conjugates are unusually high in urine from overdose cases. Elevated levels of
      the cysteinyl and N-acetyl cysteinyl conjugates reflect increased glutathione
      conjugation in the liver. The observed excretion of high levels of amino acids by
      overdose subjects is suggestive of drug-induced hepatic damage. No resonances for
      drug metabolites are detected in plasma samples. However, characteristic and
      abnormally intense resonances for the amino acids Phe, Tyr, His, Gln, Pro, Ala,
      Val, Lys, Met, Ser, and Thr are indicative of severe liver failure and disruption
      of normal deamination and transamination processes.

PMID- 3362067
TI  - 19F NMR imaging of blood oxygenation in the brain.
AB  - Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions have been developed as oxygen carrying blood
      substitutes. High fluorine concentrations allow them to be used in 19F NMR
      imaging of blood vessels. Furthermore, 19F relaxation times in PFCs are dependent
      on oxygen tension (pO2) so that NMR imaging may provide a noninvasive method of
      measuring spatially localized pO2 values in vivo. Using these principles, we have
      formed 19F images and calculated pO2 maps of the cat brain.

PMID- 3362066
TI  - Fluorine-19 NMR imaging of glucose metabolism.
AB  - Metabolic imaging reflecting glucose metabolism in the glycolytic and aldose
      reductase sorbitol (ARS) pathways was performed noninvasively in rat using
      fluorinated glucose analogs, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-FDG) or 3-fluoro-3
      deoxy-D-glucose (3-FDG), and fluorine-19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
      imaging. 19F images of 2-FDG-6-phosphate, a main metabolite of 2-FDG in the
      glycolytic pathway, showed high glucose utilization in the brain, spinal cord,
      and heart. Images of 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-sorbitol (3-FDSL), a main metabolite of 3
      FDG in the ARS pathway, demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of the spatial
      distribution of aldose reductase activities, being highest in the brain and lens.
      The extremely low toxicity of 3-FDG indicates promise for clinical application of
      3-FDG NMR imaging.

PMID- 3362068
TI  - Parallel-plate split-conductor surface coil: analysis and design.
AB  - A split-conductor circular parallel-plate resonator with one end shorted to
      ground can be used to one's advantage as a surface coil for NMR imaging
      experiments. It can be easily constructed by a printed-circuit method and
      possesses a relatively high loaded Q with negligible frequency detuning. From the
      proposed equivalent circuit, an equation was derived that relates the self
      resonance frequency of the resonator to the split distance measured from a
      reference point. An example of a 101-mm-diameter surface coil operating at 26 MHz
      for 31P in vivo spectroscopy is given to illustrate the concordance between
      calculated and experimental results. Complementary equations and formulas are
      also included to assist researchers in designing their own antennas to meet
      specific requirements.

PMID- 3362069
TI  - Quantitation of phosphate metabolites in human leg in vivo.
AB  - Slice-selective 31P MR spectra were recorded from human legs with a pulse program
      which has only a 1.5-ms delay between excitation and acquisition. The volume of
      the slice was calculated from its thickness and cross-sectional area measured
      with the aid of a computer program. A phosphate reference standard spectrum was
      recorded from the same interplanar location as that of the human leg slice. Since
      signal integral is proportional to the phosphate concentration and to the volume
      of the slice, metabolite concentrations in the selected slice could be
      quantitated.

PMID- 3362070
TI  - Multifrequency selective rf pulses for multislice MR imaging.
AB  - A method is described for multislice imaging by means of rf pulses which contain
      a multifrequency excitation spectrum. These pulses label each slice by an
      individual signal phase and allow the separation of the signals from all the
      slices by subsequent add/subtract procedures. The image sensitivity corresponds
      to the total number of acquisitions. Sequences for the imaging of an arbitrary
      number of slices with a minimum number of experiments are described.

PMID- 3362071
TI  - Reyes syndrome update.

PMID- 3362072
TI  - The Culham decision: treatment withdrawal in Mich.

PMID- 3362073
TI  - MDPH recommendations for physician office laboratories.

PMID- 3362074
TI  - In-vitro fertilization--a gift for the infertile or a cycle of despair?

PMID- 3362075
TI  - The flight from medical academe.

PMID- 3362076
TI  - In-vitro fertilization pregnancies in Australia and New Zealand, 1979-1985.
      Australian In-Vitro Fertilization Collaborative Group.
AB  - We report here data on 1510 pregnancies that resulted from in-vitro fertilization
      in 12 in-vitro fertilization units in Australia and in one unit in New Zealand in
      the period 1979 to 1985. Live births occurred in 57.5% of all pregnancies
      (including preclinical abortions) and in 69.0% of clinical pregnancies. There was
      a high incidence of ectopic pregnancies (5.2% of clinical pregnancies) and
      spontaneous abortions (24.3% of intrauterine pregnancies). Of 902 viable
      pregnancies, 202 (22.4%) pregnancies resulted in multiple births. There were 700
      infants who were born after singleton births and 438 infants who were born after
      multiple births. The over-all incidence of preterm delivery was 27.0%, with an
      incidence of 18.5% of singleton pregnancies. Low birth weight occurred in 34.8%
      of infants. The perinatal death rate was 47.5 deaths per 1000 births; still
      births accounted for three-quarters of these deaths. These findings can be used
      to counsel infertile couples about the risks of reproductive losses after
      treatment by in-vitro fertilization. National health surveys should include
      questions that relate to the prevalence of infertility to encourage studies of
      the prevention of infertility and to assess the requirements for clinical
      services.

PMID- 3362077
TI  - Performance of the Hudson Multi-Vent oxygen mask.
AB  - The performance of the Hudson Multi-Vent oxygen mask was assessed by attaching it
      to a model of a head and generating varying inspiratory flows of oxygen through
      the mouth and nasal orifices. The oxygen concentration that was delivered by the
      mask varied with the inspiratory flow rate at all oxygen concentrations. This
      effect was proportionately similar at all levels of set oxygen concentration:
      about 50% of the increment of inspired oxygen was lost as the inspiratory flow
      rate increased from 20 L/min to 100 L/min. The performance of the mask was not
      affected by the route (oral or nasal) of inspiratory flow. Rotation of the mask
      in the coronal plane produced marked changes in delivered oxygen concentration;
      with the oxygen concentration set at 50%, and the inspiratory flow rate at 40
      L/min, the delivered oxygen concentration was 45% when the mask was parallel to
      the coronal plane of the model, was 41% when it was angled 10 degrees towards the
      face, and was 27% when it was angled 10 degrees away from the face. The
      measurement of oxygen concentrations at different points inside the mask
      confirmed that the oxygen-enriched gas is directed in a localized stream in the
      centre of the mask, and that air is entrained through the large ports that are
      sited at the sides of the mask to satisfy inspiratory flow. The measurement of
      inspired oxygen concentrations in 12 hospital inpatients confirmed that the model
      reflected accurately the performance of the mask when used in a routine way. We
      conclude that, in clinical use, the Hudson Multi-Vent mask is unlikely to deliver
      the set oxygen concentration, and that the delivered oxygen concentration is not
      predictable.

PMID- 3362078
TI  - Management of oesophageal cancer at Westmead Hospital from 1979-1985.
AB  - The aim of this study was to evaluate the various treatment options, including
      radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy, when all patients with carcinoma of the
      oesophagus were assessed and managed by the same team. From December 1, 1979 to
      December 31, 1985, 144 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus were referred to
      Westmead Hospital. Eighty-five patients were men, 59 patients were women and the
      median age was 63 years. Twenty-five patients were at stage I, 75 patients were
      at stage II, 24 patients were at stage III and 20 patients were at stage IV of
      oesophageal cancer. Forty-two patients underwent surgical resection. Fifty
      patients underwent radical radiotherapy, 30 patients underwent palliative
      radiotherapy and 22 patients underwent palliative intubation. The operative
      mortality of those patients who underwent surgery was zero. The treatment
      mortality of those who underwent radical radiotherapy was 6%, and for those who
      underwent palliative radiotherapy, was 16.7%. The mortality after intubation was
      12.5%. The prevalence of benign strictures was 7.5% after surgery, 33% after
      radical radiotherapy and 8% after palliative radiotherapy. The prevalence of
      malignant strictures (recurrent disease) was 2.5% after surgery, 21% after
      radical radiotherapy and 20% after palliative radiotherapy. The median survival
      after surgery was 12 months; that after radical radiotherapy, 12 months; that
      after palliative radiotherapy, six months; and that after intubation, 3.5 months.
      Where all patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus were managed by a team
      approach the treatment mortality was low but the long-term survival remained
      poor.

PMID- 3362079
TI  - Magnetic resonance--the image!

PMID- 3362081
TI  - The city or the brush?

PMID- 3362080
TI  - The HELLP syndrome mimics cholecystitis.
AB  - A case of the HELLP syndrome in a pregnant woman, which was diagnosed initially
      as obstructive cholecystitis, is presented. The diagnostic difficulties and some
      management problems are discussed. Practitioners should be aware of the HELLP
      syndrome and related conditions when caring for pregnant patients.

PMID- 3362082
TI  - Smoking and reduced duration of breast-feeding.

PMID- 3362083
TI  - New cigarette-packet warnings: are they getting through?

PMID- 3362084
TI  - A further caution to users of one-step hepatitis B ELISA tests.

PMID- 3362085
TI  - Aspergillus terreus infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and
      polycythaemia rubra vera.

PMID- 3362086
TI  - Co-existent hypoadrenalism in an asymptomatic patient with multiple trauma.

PMID- 3362087
TI  - The prevention of AIDS.

PMID- 3362088
TI  - Measles vaccine failures.

PMID- 3362089
TI  - Assessing women's health needs--implications for medical education.

PMID- 3362090
TI  - An Australian centre for disease control?

PMID- 3362091
TI  - Lead-crystal decanters--a health risk.

PMID- 3362092
TI  - Generic topical corticosteroids.

PMID- 3362093
TI  - A more potent inactivated polio vaccine.

PMID- 3362094
TI  - Methylphenidate revisited.

PMID- 3362096
TI  - Breaching the barriers of mistrust.

PMID- 3362097
TI  - Estimates of uranium and nuclear radiation casualties attributable to activities
      since 1945.

PMID- 3362095
TI  - Biochemistry and pathogenicity of echovirus 9. III. Thermosensitive mutants of
      echovirus 9, strain Barty, with reduced pathogenicity for newborn mice.
AB  - Different clinical isolates of echovirus 9 are known to vary strikingly with
      regard to pathogenicity. Prototype strain Hill and strain Barty have previously
      been shown to differ not only in paralytogenic potency for newborn mice but also
      in a number of in vitro characteristics related to virus capsid structures. A
      series of mutants of strain Barty, thermosensitive for replication at 40 degrees
      C, was isolated after mutagenization with 5-fluorouracil. For all mutants the
      virus dose required to paralyze 50% of the infected animals was significantly
      higher than of the parent strain Barty. This reduced pathogenicity was observed
      at normal room temperature where the baby mice had a body temperature of 32.5
      degrees C, which is even below the permissive temperature for growth of the
      mutants. The paralytogenic potencies did not further decrease when the mice where
      kept at elevated room temperature and had a body temperature of 35.1 degrees C.
      Thus, the reduced pathogenicity is apparently not a direct consequence of
      thermosensitivity of growth. Biochemical and biophysical characterization
      indicated that at least two of the eight mutants have an alteration in capsid
      protein.

PMID- 3362098
TI  - Psychological reactions to the nuclear war threat.

PMID- 3362099
TI  - The health needs of the developing countries. Medical Association for Prevention
      of War.

PMID- 3362100
TI  - [Secondary biliary liver cirrhosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in
      stenosis of Vater's ampulla].

PMID- 3362101
TI  - [Unusual blood picture as an indication of atypical pneumonia].

PMID- 3362102
TI  - [Methodologic studies of the formation of fibrinopeptide A and secretion of
      platelet factor 4 in coagulating whole blood].

PMID- 3362103
TI  - [Mediastinal seminoma: diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 3362104
TI  - Determinations of IgG4 antibodies in treated hymenoptera sensitive patients.
AB  - Hymenoptera therapy with honeybee venoms has been practiced for the past ten
      years. A variety of studies have evaluated the short term effects of this
      therapy. This study focuses on the long term effects using venom specific IgE and
      IgG4 determinations. Results from the study indicate that after venom
      immunotherapy there is a rapid and prolonged rise in specific IgG4. This
      continues for several years, but after four or five years the specific IgG4
      response seems to wane.

PMID- 3362105
TI  - IgG4 in clinical immunology (international symposium): Part II.

PMID- 3362106
TI  - Immunochemical characteristics of IgG4 antibodies.
AB  - Although a small part of the IgG4 subclass probably can bind to basophils (and
      mast cells), IgG4 antibodies usually do not behave as anaphylactic antibodies.
      Therefore, detection of IgG4 antibodies in serum is not a suitable in vitro assay
      for IgG-S-TS activity. Furthermore, differences between IgG4 and the other IgG
      subclasses with respect to antibody valency and interaction with the complement
      system, stress the point that IgG4 takes a special place in the humoral immune
      response.

PMID- 3362107
TI  - IgG4 immunodeficiency.
AB  - IgG4 deficiency can be an isolated phenomenon, or it can occur in combination
      with deficiencies of IgG2, IgA, and/or IgG1 (in order of decreasing frequency).
      Isolated deficiency of IgG4 is associated with symptoms and signs which are
      similar to those associated with other IgG subclass deficiencies. The most common
      manifestation is an unusual frequency of pyogenic infections, most often of the
      respiratory tract. There is also an increased frequency of isolated serum IgG4
      deficiency in subjects who have recurrent or chronic diarrhea, asthma, adverse
      reactions to foods, chronic candidiasis, pediatric AIDS, and autoimmune
      disorders. The mean and normal ranges of serum IgG4 in 400 subjects ages four
      months to 17 years are given. Diagnostic studies, unique features of IgG4,
      illustrative case reports and possible mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3362108
TI  - Parallel recognition of filarial antigens by IgE and IgG4 antibodies.
AB  - IgE responses are highly modulated in human filariasis and allergic symptoms
      usually associated with IgE antibodies are seldom observed in individuals with
      Elephantiasis and Microfilaremia. Only a minor group with tropical pulmonary
      eosinophilia (TPE) suffer from nocturnal asthma. One possible mechanism may be
      the presence of IgG blocking antibodies which can block IgE mediated histamine
      release in vitro. Using immunoblot analysis we have further shown that remarkably
      similar pattern of antigen recognition were obtained with IgE and IgG antibodies
      which would be a major prerequisite for the blocking activity. In the present
      study, we have tried to determine if a particular IgG subclass is responsible for
      the parallelism seen with IgE antibodies. Immunoblotting with autoradiographic
      analysis was used to study IgE and IgG subclasses using highly characterized
      radiolabeled antibodies in 24 sera representing all three groups mentioned above.
      The most striking observation was that in 23/24 sera, the only antibody that
      showed consistent and parallel binding was IgG4. No consistent pattern of
      response was seen with any of the other three subclasses. IgG1 and 2 when present
      were usually directed predominantly to the high molecular weight antigens and
      were detected with greater frequency in Elephantiasis group. These results
      suggest that IgG4 may be an ideal candidate for the blocking activity seen in
      these sera. Such modulation of IgE responses may have important survival value
      for the host in filarial infection which tend to evoke rigorous IgE responses.

PMID- 3362110
TI  - Clinical relevance of food-specific IgG4 antibodies.
AB  - Although milk-specific IgG4 is frequently detectable in sera of apparently
      healthy individuals, the presence of alpha-casein (AC IgG4-specific) in high
      concentration (i.e. greater than 9.98 micrograms/ml) appears to be diagnostic of
      milk intolerance causing eczema in adults. The detection of egg-specific IgG4, on
      the other hand, has no similar diagnostic potential in egg-intolerant cases.

PMID- 3362109
TI  - The role of IgG subclass antibodies in chronic infection: the case of cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Our studies have revealed that patients with Cystic Fibrosis CF who are infected
      with P. aeruginosa have grossly elevated serum levels of IgG antibodies to the
      opsonic immunodeterminant, type-specific LPS. Second, this elevation is
      distributed among all four IgG subclasses, with a significant shift towards IgG3.
      Third, sera from colonized CF patients shows diminished opsonic capacity,
      although complement dependent human neutrophil phagocytosis is not notably
      impaired. Fourth, functional polyclonal or monoclonal antibody opsonins exhibit
      prozone inhibition of phagocytosis at high concentrations. Fifth, sera from
      uninfected CF patients have lower levels and proportions of IgG2 antibodies to P.
      aeruginosa LPS, and higher levels and proportions of IgG4 antibodies, than normal
      controls. Finally, levels of IgG4 antibodies, but not IgG1, 2, or 3, correlate
      inversely with opsonic capacity. We therefore make several speculations. High
      levels of IgG4 antibodies to opsonic immunodeterminants may inhibit normal
      pulmonary clearance of P. aeruginosa by alveolar macrophages in vivo. Second,
      high levels of opsonic antibodies may also contribute to the problem in vivo by
      the phenomenon of prozone inhibition. Third, reduced levels of IgG2 antibodies in
      uninfected CF patients raises the intriguing possibility of an wider
      polysaccharide antigen-related isotype-restricted immunodeficiency, with an
      attempted compensatory shift to IgG4 doomed to failure.

PMID- 3362111
TI  - Egg white-specific IgE and IgG subclass antibodies and their associations with
      clinical egg hypersensitivity.
AB  - The data obtained so far indicate that 1) presence of high titer of IgE
      antibodies was related with symptoms of egg hypersensitivity, 2) it seems
      unlikely that increased IgG4 antibody levels against egg white is a cause of egg
      hypersensitivity, and one should pay much attention to IgG1 antibodies, instead,
      3) it is possible that increased IgG4 may reduce the effect of complement-fixing
      antibodies like IgG1 and/or interfere the action of IgE antibodies.

PMID- 3362112
TI  - IgG4 FAST test in food allergic individuals: preliminary results.
AB  - We feel that one, the double blind oral food provocation protocol offers a
      reliable, realistic and objective method to make an observation and correlation
      of specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to food allergy; second, these preliminary
      results thus far suggest a lack of "correlation" between history and skin tests,
      although there appears to be a better "correlation" between history and in vitro
      tests; third, these studies demonstrate a lack of "correlation" between skin
      tests and the presence of specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to milk; and fourth,
      in spite of the positive symptom scores of the subjects, there was no direct
      relation between the numerical values of specific IgE and IgG4 milk antibodies to
      the oral milk provocation results.

PMID- 3362114
TI  - [Thoughts of a surgeon. Leaf bud development].

PMID- 3362113
TI  - IgG4 antibody response in allergic patients during immunotherapy.
AB  - The duration of the antigenic stimulation is a critical issue, but probably more
      important are the relevance and the purity of the allergen(s). A significant
      level of IgG4 antibodies has been detected as early as 3 months after initiating
      immunotherapy with hymenoptera venoms; in our patients, grass pollens, being more
      "pure", were able to induce an IgG4 response earlier than house dust mites or
      molds. The cumulative dose of allergen is also an important issue.

PMID- 3362115
TI  - [Late occlusion at the anastomosis site of an extended polytetrafluoroethylene (E
      PTFE) graft with small caliber].
AB  - Recently expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) graft is often used in
      arterial bypass for atherosclerosis obliterans. In our series of 38 patients (48
      legs) undergoing femoropopliteal bypass with E-PTFE graft of 6mm-caliber, a
      cumulative patency rate was 40.8% at 36 months after operation and a mean
      duration of patency was 26.3 months. To clarify the cause of occlusion, the
      diseased grafts were removed and histopathologically examined. Macroscopically,
      the E-PTFE graft was occluded by the intimal hyperplasia, so called pannus
      ingrowth from the recipient artery into the graft. The pannus formation of the
      graft was more remarkable in the distal than in the proximal site of anastomosis,
      suggesting the influence of blood flow on its formation. Microscopically, no
      endothelial cells were observed inside the E-PTFE graft except for the surface of
      pannus. Thus, less extension of endothelialization was thought to be a cause of
      late occlusion in E-PTFE grafts. Most desirable is the autologous saphenous vein
      for femoropopliteal bypass. However, when it is not available, E-PTFE graft with
      a larger caliber must be used in combination with postoperative anticoagulant
      therapy.

PMID- 3362116
TI  - [A case of primary intrahepatic cholesterol gallstones difficult to manage by
      percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy].
AB  - A case of a 60-year-old man with primary intrahepatic cholesterol gallstone was
      reported. Several stones, each size 3mm in diameter, were packed in the
      diverticulum-like dilated part of the posterior-inferior-ventral bile duct branch
      of the right lobe and 3 stones, each size 3-4mm in diameter, were scattered
      separately in the lateral segment of the left lobe of which the bile duct
      branches were diffusely tortuous and with mildly irregular dilatation.
      Morphologic appearance of the biliary system except in these 2 areas was normal.
      All stones including a large gallbladder stone consisted of cholesterol.
      Intraluminal approach, not only ERC but also PTCS, can hardly detect intrahepatic
      stones of more peripheral areas, although combination of US and enhanced CT may
      be useful even though bile duct branches are not dilated. We failed in PTCS
      lithotomy in this case for the first time in our experience with more than
      seventy cases of intrahepatic stones. However, by PTCS it was possible to
      investigate the morphology of the biliary system in detail and consequently, to
      make the diagnosis of primary intrahepatic stones. This patient has cured by
      cholecystectomy and minimum hepatectomy.

PMID- 3362117
TI  - [Treatment of bile duct carcinoma by a drainage tube with heating equipment-
      distribution of temperature and its influence on normal bile ducts and
      surrounding tissue].

PMID- 3362118
TI  - [Study of the bronchus contributing to air leakage. Bronchial wedge pressure
      (BWP)].

PMID- 3362119
TI  - [Localization of enolase in the cancer nest of digestive organs].
AB  - Gamma-enolase, otherwise called neuron specific enolase (NSE), is specific for
      neural and neuro-endocrine systems and is present in the tumors of these systems.
      Gamma-enolase is also reported to be present, however, in a localized form in the
      tissues of other nonneural systems in some cases of lung cancer in relatively
      large number of incidences. We examined immunohistologically specimens of
      digestive organ cancers. Two principal conclusions were obtained. First, gamma
      enolase is not specific for neural and neuro-endocrine systems. Second, gamma
      enolase is localized in the epithelium of cancers of some cases following the
      transformation into cancer.

PMID- 3362120
TI  - [Experimental study on tumor growth in the regenerating liver].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liver regeneration on
      the growth of liver tumor. VX2 carcinoma was transplanted in the liver of New
      Zealand white rabbits, and 40% partial hepatectomy was performed. The following
      results were obtained. 1. After 40% partial hepatectomy VX2 carcinoma was
      transplanted in the remaining liver. Two weeks later, the tumor volume was larger
      in partially hepatectomized than in shamoperated rabbits (p less than 0.01). 2.
      When 40% hepatectomy of rabbits which carrying VX2 carcinoma transplanted 2 weeks
      previously was performed, the mitotic index of the tumor at 24 to 36 hours was
      significantly higher in hepatectomized than in sham-operated rabbits (p less than
      0.02). At 24, 36, 48 hours after partial hepatectomy, the mitotic index of the
      hepatocytes of the hepatectomized group was significantly higher than that of
      sham-operated group (24 hrs.: p less than 0.005, 36 hrs.: p less than 0.01, 48
      hrs.: p less than 0.005). 3. At 36 hours after partial hepatectomy there was a
      significant increase of DNA synthesis in tumor cells as compared with that in
      sham-operated controls (p less than 0.05). These data indicate that liver
      regeneration enhances the tumor growth in regenerating liver.

PMID- 3362121
TI  - [Studies on the radiographic anatomy of the biliary tree of the caudate lobe].
AB  - The cholangiograms obtained through percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy
      (PTCS) were studied for the purpose of clarifying radiographic anatomy of
      confluence of the bile ducts of the caudate lobe and the main trunks at the
      hepatic hilum. PTCS was performed on a total of 112 patients at our department,
      January, 1979 through December, 1984. Among them 60 cases without lesions in the
      hepatic hilum were used for this study. Four types of the bile duct of the
      caudate lobe were distinguished by cholangiography in the 60 cases: 1) A duct ran
      from the cranial portion of the right caudate lobe along the inferior vena cava
      to the hepatic hilum in 53 (Blr); 2) A duct ran from the cranial portion of the
      left caudate lobe to the hepatic hilum in 50 (Blls); 3) A duct ran from the left
      lateral part of the left caudate lobe to the hepatic hilum in 59 (Blli) and 4) A
      duct from the caudate process to the hepatic hilum in 42 (Blc). We found that
      cholangiogram following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or selective
      cholangiogram using the PTCS make an accurate identification of the bile duct of
      the caudate lobe possible.

PMID- 3362122
TI  - [Branching patterns of the intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic segments
      identified by percutaneous transhepatic portography].
AB  - We studied branching of the intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic segment by
      percutaneous transhepatic portograms in 237 patients with liver, biliary tract,
      or pancreatic disease. At the hilum, the pattern was normal in 74% of the
      patients. In the others, branching of the right posterior branch was trifurcated
      or independent. Caudate branches usually ramified from first-order branches, but
      sometimes ramified from the right posterior branch. The left portal branch
      divided into a laterodorsal branch (second-order) and umbilical portion, from
      which the lateroventral branch (third-order) and several medial branches (fourth
      order) arose. It seems to be better to divide the left lobe into anterior segment
      (supplied by medial and a lateroventral branch) and posterior segments (supplied
      by a laterodorsal branch) than into the lateral and medial segments. The right
      anterior branch of 27% of the patients was bifurcated. In the others, there were
      six other patterns, with four or five fourth-order branches arising from this
      branch. The anterior segment should be considered having not two subsegments, but
      four or five small subsegments. Small branches divided off from the main trunk of
      the right posterior branch. In resection for hepatoma, each such branch can be
      thought of as one small subsegmental branch.

PMID- 3362123
TI  - [Investigation of papillary insufficiency in dogs by monitoring the manometry of
      the biliary tract with the saline perfusion method].
AB  - In order to establish the animal model of papillary insufficiency, 10% formalin
      solution (0.5-1.0 ml) was injected into duodenal papillae just after
      cholecystectomy in ten dogs. The bile duct pressure of the dogs was monitored by
      the manometer utilizing the saline perfusion system. Persistent dilatation of the
      bile duct was observed postoperatively. Two weeks after operation, the maximum
      dilatation of the bile duct was observed. The bile duct pressure of the dogs
      showed several characteristic changes: 1) the perfused pressure increased rapidly
      just after saline perfusion and then became stable, 2) the dumping time was
      shorter than that of the control dogs, 3) the residual pressure was lower than
      that of the control dogs. A metal sound, 4mm in diameter, was passed through the
      duodenal papillae of the dogs with ease. After injection of 10% formalin
      solution, macroscopic findings of the duodenal papillae revealed the diminish of
      their protrusions. These results demonstrated that the pathophysiology of the
      duodenal papillae treated with 10% formalin solution in this animal model is
      quite similar to that of human papillary insufficiency.

PMID- 3362124
TI  - [Hypercapnia following major laparotomy--retrospective analysis of 50 cases].
AB  - Hypercapnia is a poorly investigated problem in the management of postoperative
      complications. In order to define the clinical implication of postoperative
      hypercapnia, hospital records of fifty patients, who had hypercapnia (PaCO2
      greater than or equal to 45 torr) within 30 days after major laparotomy, were
      analyzed retrospectively. Patients with chronic pulmonary disease, prolonged
      apnea, additional thoracotomy and inadequate setting of ventilator were excluded.
      Results were as follows. 1. Thirty-two patients were hypercapnic before the 3rd
      postoperative day. These patients had various causes for hypercapnia, and
      clinical course and outcome were dependent on the underlying clinical problem. 2.
      Eighteen patients showed hypercapnia after the 4th postoperative day. In these
      patients, invasive infection was a common problem and 17 out of 18 patients died
      mainly of sepsis. 3. Sites of septic focus were mostly in the abdominal area
      (i.e., intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal and intrahepatic), and in most cases,
      hypercapnia preceded the establishment of diagnosis of septic focus or the
      recognition of other organ dysfunction. CO2 retention in the septic patients was
      due to the increased dead space ventilation by ventilation-perfusion
      maldistribution. Therefore, hypercapnia found after the 4th day following
      laparotomy seems to indicate potential intraabdominal sepsis and prompts the
      necessity for effective drainage.

PMID- 3362125
TI  - [Statistical analysis of pathological factors influencing prognosis of colorectal
      carcinoma].
AB  - The pathological and follow-up data of 503 patients with colorectal carcinoma
      have been analysed to assess quantitatively prognostic values of 16 pathological
      factors and their sub-categories with aid of computer. Besides the routine
      procedure, Cox's proportional hazards model, Hayashi's quantification theory II,
      III, Akaike's information criteria, Kendall's rank correlation, relative risk,
      and linear trend test were used. Regardless of methods used, liver metastasis,
      peritoneal dissemination, lymph nodes metastasis, depth of penetration, venous
      and lymphatic invasion emerged as powerful prognostic variables. Most of the
      analyses indicated that venous invasion contained the largest amount of
      prognostic information including that of long-term survival. When venous invasion
      is graded not only by the number of veins involved but also by the depth of
      invasion, its prognostic capability was comparable with that of staging systems.
      The values of relative risks calculated for the factors' sub-category were more
      closely associated with prognosis than five-year survival rates or median
      survival rates, thus permitting detailed comparison of different categories. We
      conclude the modern statistical methods are indispensable tool for prognostic
      factor analysis.

PMID- 3362126
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum immunosuppressive substance as a marker of
      colorectal cancer].
AB  - Serum immunosuppressive substance (IS) was determined in 95 patients with
      colorectal cancer, 61 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases and 32
      healthy individuals. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined in 79
      patients with colorectal cancer and 53 patients with benign gastrointestinal
      diseases. Serum IS in healthy individuals was 549.7 +/- 104.7 micrograms/ml, and
      800 micrograms/ml (mean 'SD) was defined as cut-off value for positive serum IS.
      Cut-off values for serum CEA was defined as 2.5 ng/ml. The present study
      disclosed that determination of serum IS can not be used as a screening test for
      colorectal cancer, but combination assay of both serum IS and CEA improved the
      sensitivity of the test detecting colorectal cancer. Curative resection was
      possible in most patients with serum IS less than 1100 micrograms/ml, whereas
      resection was palliative or impossible in most patients with serum IS more than
      this value. Elevation of serum IS correlated closely with peritoneal
      dissemination, serosal invasion or extensive nodal metastasis. There was however,
      no correlation between the serum IS level and liver metastasis.

PMID- 3362127
TI  - [Effect of circumstances and/or organs on the grade of cancer growth and
      malignancy].
AB  - The effect of circumstances and/or organs on the grade of cancer growth and
      malignancy was studied, using hereditarily identical VX2 cancer. VX2 cancer
      cells, 10(6) cells/0.1 approximately 0.2 ml, were injected into the liver, portal
      vein, stomach- and colon-walls of Japanese white rabbits. Each of the
      experimental groups consisted of 14, 12, 19 and 24 animals, and 3 or 4 animals of
      each groups were sacrificed 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the implantation. All the
      animals of portal vein and liver groups died of cancer within 3 and 4 weeks
      respectively. However, all the animals of stomach and colon groups survived
      during 4 weeks. Although cancer volume doubling time was not calculated in portal
      group because of the multiple and diffuse tumor-formation, the time was 2.6 days
      in liver, 4.3 days in colon and 5.9 days in stomach groups in which a single
      tumor developed. Lymphatic and/or hematogenous metastases were found at the same
      time after the implantation as vascular invasion occurred. Metastases were
      confirmed in 100% in liver group and 40% in portal group 2 weeks after the
      implantation, and 80% and 50% in colon and stomach groups respectively 4 weeks
      after the implantation. The results suggested that hereditarily identical VX2
      cancer was variable in the different organs and circumstances, and that the
      growing circumstances strongly affected the cancer malignancy. It was also
      suggested that the malignancy was correlated with the growth rate and the time of
      metastasis of cancer.

PMID- 3362128
TI  - [Clinical and experimental study on reconstruction after pancreatectomy--Part I.
      Cholangitis and its relationship to reconstruction].
AB  - The purpose of the present study is to clarify pathogenesis of cholangitis after
      pancreatectomy. The clinical study consisted of follow-up survey and
      hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the patients with type-I reconstruction (e.g.
      Imanaga procedure) and type-II reconstruction (e.g. Child procedure) after
      pancreatoduodenectomy. The experimental study was performed in dogs by creating
      three types of biliary reconstruction, namely, cholecystoduodenostomy (C-D),
      cholecystojejunostomy (C-J) and Roux-Y cholecystojejunostomy (R-Y). In the follow
      up survey, cholangitis occurred in 19.0% of 21 type-I patients and in 33.3% of 18
      type-II patients. In the hepatobiliary scintigraphy, type-I demonstrated smooth
      transit of bile along the reestablishing intestine. Type-II, on the other hand,
      showed marked stagnation of bile in the excluded loop, which could even trigger
      cholangitis. The experimental study showed that the results obtained from R-Y
      were no better than those obtained from C-D and C-J with respect to prevention of
      cholangitis based on histological, biochemical and bacteriological point of view.
      These studies suggest that type-I reconstruction carries little risk of causing
      cholangitis, whereas type-II reconstruction is not effective in preventing
      cholangitis.

PMID- 3362129
TI  - [Pancreatic microcirculation in acute pancreatitis of dogs].
AB  - Pancreatic microcirculation in acute pancreatitis and the effect of dopamine and
      pancreatic protease inhibitor were investigated in 35 mongrel dogs. Acute
      pancreatitis was induced by the injection of autologous bile added trypsin into
      pancreatic duct. In acute pancreatitis dogs femoral artery pressure and pulse
      pressure gradually decreased and pancreatic microflow in basal state temporarily
      increased immediately after bile injection, however, thereafter continuously
      decreased during the experiments. Portal flow severely decreased just after onset
      of acute pancreatitis. By administration of dopamine femoral artery pressure was
      maintained during the first 90 minutes of experiments, however, thereafter
      decreased until the end of experiments. Pancreatic microflow, 56.1 +/- 15.3
      ml/min/100g in basal level was shown 66.1 +/- 13.7 and 60.3 +/- 10.3 ml/min/100g
      at 1 and 2 hours, respectively, after bile injection, which were significantly
      high values as compared with those of non dopamine administration. However those
      values decreased at 5 hours of both experiments. Portal flow whose basal level
      was 237 +/- 67 ml/min was maintained during the first 1 hour however it decreased
      to 139 +/- 25 ml/min at 5 hours. By administration of pancreatic protease
      inhibitor femoral artery pressure and pulse pressure, temporarily decreased
      immediately after bile injection, however, they were maintained thereafter.
      Pancreatic microflow, 57.1 +/- 18.3 ml/min/100g in basal level, was maintained
      during the first 2 hours, however significantly decreased to 27.6 +/- 9.7
      ml/min/100g at 5 hours. Portal flow significantly increased to 442 +/- 115 ml/min
      at 2 hours, however, thereafter decreased 219 +/- 93 ml/min at 5 hours.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362130
TI  - [Study on postoperative deep venous thrombosis with reference to prevention].
AB  - Preventive effect of intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs
      (ISPC) on the postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was studied by 125I
      fibrinogen uptake test in 64 surgical patients. Furthermore the mechanism of
      preventive effect by ISPC was analysed from the point of view of coagulation and
      fibrinolytic activity in 78 patients. Following results were obtained. 1) The
      incidence of DVT in control group was 18.0 percent, while it was 6.3 percent in
      ISPC group (p less than 0.01). 2) The euglobulin lysis time in ISPC group was
      significantly shorter than that of control group on the first postoperative day
      (p less than 0.01). 3) There were no definite changes in plasminogen and B beta
      15-42 peptide between control group and ISPC group. 4) There were no
      complications in using of ISPC. This study demonstrates that ISPC has a dual
      action; (1) mechanical prevention of venous stasis and (2) fibrinolytic
      acceleration. ISPC are effective for prevention of postoperative DVT.

PMID- 3362131
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal chylous cyst developed after cholecystectomy and
      choledochotomy].
AB  - A 43-year-old woman complaining of upper abdominal pain was referred to our
      clinic. Well movable mass was detected in the right hypochondria region by
      palpation. Three years before, she underwent cholecystectomy and choledochotomy
      for cholelithiasis. After that she had been aware of painless mass in the right
      hypochondria region, but because of no symptom she regarded it as operative scar
      and had no treatment. Abdominal CT, ultrasonography, upper GI series and barium
      enema revealed a retroperitoneal cyst compressing the 3rd portion of the duodenum
      upward and the vena cava backward. Laparotomy showed an unilocular chylous cyst,
      5 cm in diameter in the retroperitoneal cavity. Histologically, the cyst was
      cystic lymphangioma. Etiologically, the previous operation of
      cholecystocholedocholithiasis was supposed to be a trigger of the development of
      the chylous cyst.

PMID- 3362132
TI  - [Hyperfunctioning follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. A case report].
AB  - A 76-year-old female patient with a large neck lump of 15-year duration, was
      accompanied by palpitation and tremor. The lump was 9 x 5cm in size and the lower
      half of it was not palpable because the lower pole was located in the
      mediastinum. Physical examination revealed two enlarged lymph nodes in the right
      supraclavicular area. Chest X-ray film showed a coin lesion in the right lung
      that seemed to be a metastasis. The patient was apparently thyrotoxic with
      elevated serum concentrations of 15.7 micrograms/dl thyroxin and 359 ng/dl
      triiodothyronine. A neck scintigraphy using 123Iodine showed a thyroid hot nodule
      in accordance with this lesion. A total thyroidectomy with a modified neck
      dissection was carried out. This was followed by 131Iodine therapy. Specimen of
      the primary lesion weighed 147 g. Pathology of this tumor was follicular
      carcinoma of the thyroid. The patient was doing well 14 months after surgery. In
      the literature, three cases of similar hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma have
      been reported, all of which had a large primary lesion. The histological features
      proved to be of follicular or papillofollicular type. The treatment in these
      cases was administration of an antithyroid drug followed by surgical removal.

PMID- 3362133
TI  - [A staged surgical treatment of an abdominal and iliac aneurysm associated with
      hydronephrosis and urinoma: report of a case].
AB  - Hydronephrosis and urinoma are extremely rare complication of the abdominal
      aneurysm. A case of the aorto-iliac aneurysm associated with right hydronephrosis
      and urinoma is reported. The patient is 71 year-old female. She was admitted
      because of right lower abdominal pain. A diagnosis of the infrarenal abdominal
      aneurysm with involvement of the common iliac artery and right hydronephrosis due
      to ureter obstruction was made. A leakage of urine from right renal pelvis
      (urinoma) was also confirmed. A staged treatment for hydronephrosis was selected.
      At first, percutaneous nephrostomy was made under ultrasonographic guidance.
      Urinoma was completely disappeared thereafter. Two weeks later, the aneurysm was
      replaced with a Y-shaped Dacron graft and the right ureter was mobilized from the
      perianeurysmal fibrous tissue. On the 35th postoperative day, balloon
      ureteroplasty was performed through the nephrostomy catheter. Three months after
      operation, nephrostomy catheter was successfully withdrawn because of improved
      urinary passage through the right ureter. We emphasize the efficacy of staged
      surgical treatment combined with percutaneous nephrostomy for the abdominal
      aneurysm associated with hydronephrosis.

PMID- 3362134
TI  - [Experience with transvenous retrieval of a fractured IVH catheter from the
      superior caval vein--a study of the mechanism of catheter breakage by a model
      tension test].
AB  - An IVH catheter which was left in the superior caval vein was removed using a
      myocardial bioptome. It was accidentally broken when the patient unintentionally
      pulled it out. The cut surface was examined and it was confirmed that the IVH
      catheter could be broken irrespective of any defect of the catheter itself. To
      clarify the mechanism of catheter breakage, a model tension test was performed.
      The tensile strength and elongation were examined in 3 ways; first without
      binding, second with binding, third with binding and also pulling backward. The
      rate of tension was also varied from 100mm/min to 1,000 mm/min. It was found that
      the catheter was easier to break when pulled out faster, with binding, and pulled
      backward. When pulled forward, it was elongated and the site of breakage was not
      at the site of binding. However, when pulled backward, it was less elongated and
      the site of breakage was at the site of binding. An electron microscopic
      examination of the removed catheter revealed that the cut surface resembled that
      being pulled backward at a rate of 1,000 mm/min. The above suggests that, in this
      case, the IVH catheter was trapped between the clavicle and the 1st rib and
      pulled at an angle.

PMID- 3362135
TI  - [Study on cell proliferation and collagen metabolism in a cultured cell line of
      gastric cancer].

PMID- 3362136
TI  - [Monitoring of spinal cord ischemia using evoked motor nerve action potentials by
      motor area stimulation].

PMID- 3362137
TI  - Nobel Symposium No. 68. Mucosal immunobiology. Cellular-molecular interactions in
      the mucosal immune system. Marstrand, June 14-18, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3362138
TI  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide might influence the biliary IgA antibody
      response in the rat.

PMID- 3362139
TI  - Activation of rat complement by soluble and insoluble immune complexes of rat
      IgA.

PMID- 3362140
TI  - Structure and macromolecular properties of mucus glycoproteins.

PMID- 3362141
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for intestinal lymphocytes.

PMID- 3362142
TI  - Oral tolerance as a protective mechanism against hypersensitivity disease.

PMID- 3362143
TI  - The role of epithelial cell surface glycoconjugates in self-not-self and self
      self interaction.

PMID- 3362144
TI  - Rats are sensitive to induction of tolerance by feeding only at young age.

PMID- 3362145
TI  - 'Processing' of antigen by the gut.

PMID- 3362146
TI  - Murine giardiasis and mucosal immunity: a model for the study of immunity to
      intestinal protozoan parasites.

PMID- 3362147
TI  - Change in molecular size of antigliadin IgA in serum related to presence of
      antigen in the gut.

PMID- 3362149
TI  - Immunological regulation of the appearance of goblet cells in the mucosa.

PMID- 3362148
TI  - Protective roles of mucosal and serum immunity against typhoid fever.

PMID- 3362150
TI  - Population ecology of individuals.

PMID- 3362151
TI  - Role of active oxygen species in metal-induced DNA strand breakage in human
      diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - The ability of 6 metal salts to induce DNA damage in human diploid fibroblasts
      was examined. Cadmium, magnesium, manganese, chromium(VI), zinc and selenite were
      all shown to induce DNA strand breaks as measured by two independent assays. DNA
      strand breaks were repaired within 2-4 h after removal of metal and this repair
      appeared not to be sensitive to "long-patch" repair inhibitors. With the
      exception of selenite, metal-induced DNA damage appeared to be mediated via the
      formation of active oxygen species since oxygen scavengers when administered
      simultaneously with the metal, antagonized strand break formation. Selenite
      induced DNA damage (as previously reported) was dependent on the formation of a
      selenite-glutathione conjugant and was not affected by oxygen radical scavengers.
      Scavenger treatment did not enhance cloning ability of metal-treated cells
      suggesting that DNA strand breaks may not be important in metal-induced
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3362152
TI  - Diagrammatic representation for chromosomal mutagenesis studies. IV. Radiation
      induced rearrangements in Ateles sp. (Primate, Platyrhini).
AB  - In order to study the induction of rearrangements by gamma-rays in relation to
      chromosomal size and morphology, experiments were conducted in an Ateles, a
      species with a rather unusual karyotype among primates. It possesses some very
      large chromosomes, which tend to be too rarely affected, especially by
      intrachanges like inversions. Both their large size and their characteristic
      banding pattern suggest that this low involvement is not due to difficulty of
      analysis. This suggests very strongly that chromosomal involvement in
      rearrangements is not a function of size. The possible role of other factors
      involved in chromosomal rearrangements like chromosome position during interphase
      are discussed.

PMID- 3362153
TI  - Clastogenic effect of the plant alkaloid ellipticine on bone marrow cells of
      Wistar rats and on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
AB  - Ellipticine (EPC), a natural alkaloid extracted from Aspidosperma williansii
      (Apocynaceae), is known to have antitumor and cytotoxic activities on various
      types of tumors. This drug showed a strong clastogenic effect on bone marrow
      cells of Wistar rats treated in vivo (7.75-31.00 mg/kg body weight). EPC was also
      tested in vitro using the human peripheral blood lymphocyte system, at
      concentrations 100 times lower than those used in the in vivo test on rats, since
      the cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes was very strong. At the 2 highest
      concentrations used (7.75 X 10(-1) and 1.55 X 10(-1) micrograms/ml culture
      medium), EPC induced a statistically significant increase in the frequency of
      chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes. Based on
      data reported in the literature, we have tried to establish relationships between
      the clastogenic effect observed and the process of EPC intercalation into DNA and
      the formation of protein-associated DNA-strand breaks probably promoted by
      topoisomerase enzymes.

PMID- 3362155
TI  - Studies on chromosome aberrations induced by incorporated tritium: effect of post
      treatment with hydroxyurea and caffeine in G2.

PMID- 3362154
TI  - The aprt heterozygote/hemizygote system for screening mutagenic agents allows
      detection of large deletions.
AB  - Frequencies of mutation at the hprt and aprt loci in various CHO cell lines were
      measured after exposure of the cells to ionizing radiation. In D423 and AA8-16,
      which are aprt+/- heterozygotes, the ratio of hprt- mutants to aprt- mutants
      ranged from 0.11 to 0.36. In D422 and AA8-5, which are aprt+/0 cell lines in
      which only one copy of the gene and its flanking sequences is present these
      ratios were greater than 5. In contrast, chemical mutagenesis generated mutations
      at both loci, in all cell lines, at equal frequencies. Southern blot analysis of
      DNA from hprt- and aprt- mutants of one of the aprt+/- heterozygous lines showed
      some apparently unaltered genes, some rearrangements and some complete deletions
      of hprt among hprt- mutants, but only complete deletions of aprt-linked sequences
      among aprt- mutants. These results strongly suggest that X-ray-induced mutational
      events are frequently larger than 40 kb (the length of the hprt gene) and that
      the difference among the frequencies observed at the two loci in the two types of
      cell lines were due to the presence of essential sequences close the respective
      target genes. The combined use of these cell lines in screening environmental
      mutagens should allow qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the
      mutagenic potential of environmental agents.

PMID- 3362156
TI  - Examination of vectors with two dominant, selectable genes for DNA repair and
      mutation studies in mammalian cells.
AB  - A series of vectors with two dominant selectable genes was constructed for repair
      and mutation studies following transfer into mammalian cells. The recombinant
      genes (SV-gpt and HSVtk-neo) were placed in different relative orientations and
      positions in the vectors. These variables were shown to affect transformation
      frequency of cells by the vectors especially where one of the genes had a
      relatively weak expression, modelled by truncating the promoter of the HSVtk-neo
      gene. The use of two-gene vectors to assess DNA repair was investigated by
      cutting the SV-gpt gene with a restriction endonuclease and monitoring correct
      rejoining by selecting for gene activity after transfer into various cell types.
      In such experiments, selection was first applied for the undamaged HSVtk-neo gene
      to eliminate transfer artefacts, followed by counterselection for the activity of
      the damaged SV-gpt gene. The measured frequency of correct rejoining of the
      damaged gene was found to vary both with the vector construct and with the
      recipient cell species (Chinese hamster V79 or human transformed fibroblasts).
      Despite this variation, correct rejoining was found to be consistently lower in
      radiosensitive (ataxia telangiectasia) human cells than in wild-type human cells,
      irrespective of the vector construct. In these experiments, some of the
      transformed cell colonies showed 'sectoring' on exposure to the counterselection,
      suggesting a slow determination of the fate of transferred DNA. For mutation
      studies a V79 cell clone carrying a single copy of one of these two-gene vectors
      was identified and shown to be stably integrated. Mutations of the SV-gpt gene in
      these cells were isolated while maintaining selection for the HSVtk-neo gene, to
      attempt to limit mutational loss of the total integrated sequence and provide at
      least one identifiable junction for analysis of deletion events. Spontaneous and
      X-ray-induced mutants were identified with a variety of genetic changes, as shown
      by Southern analysis, from presumed point mutations to deletions and
      rearrangements of the vector sequence. Rescue of integrated two-gene vector
      sequences from transformed cells, by recloning in E. coli, was shown to be
      feasible; thus alterations in transferred DNA can be analysed in detail.

PMID- 3362157
TI  - Mutagen-induced fetal anomalies and death following treatment of females within
      hours after mating.
AB  - In an earlier study (Generoso et al., 1987), it was observed that the mutagen,
      ethylene oxide (EtO), produced remarkable increases in the incidence of
      developmental abnormalities and death of fetuses when early zygotic stages were
      exposed. This is a major finding in experimental induction of embryopathy,
      implicating genetic damage to the zygotes as the likely cause. In the subsequent
      study reported here, 3 other mutagens--ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethyl
      nitrosourea (ENU), and triethylene melamine (TEM), were studied for embryopathic
      effects following exposure of dictyate oocytes, prefertilization oviducal eggs
      and sperm, early pronuclear zygotes, zygotes undergoing pronuclear DNA synthesis,
      and two-cell embryos. All 4 mutagens produced developmental abnormalities among
      living fetuses following exposure of early pronuclear zygotes (the only stage
      studied for this endpoint in this report). With respect to stage specificity and
      gestational timing of death of conceptuses, EMS and EtO on one hand and ENU and
      TEM on the other, are very similar to one another. EMS, like EtO, produced a high
      incidence of midgestation and late fetal deaths only in prefertilization oviducal
      eggs and sperm and in early pronuclear eggs. In contrast, ENU and TEM produced
      high losses of conceptuses in all postmating stages studied but death occurred
      primarily prior to or around the time of implantation. Thus, the frequency of
      induction and the expression of embryopathy, which ranged from early embryonic
      preimplantation and late fetal deaths to subtle fetal anomalies, are dependent
      upon the stage exposed and the mutagen used.

PMID- 3362158
TI  - Direct selection of mutations in the human mitochondrial tRNAThr gene: reversion
      of an 'uncloneable' phenotype.
AB  - Several regions of the human mitochondrial genome are refractory to cloning in
      plasmid and bacteriophage DNA vectors. For example, recovery of recombinant M13
      clones containing a 462 basepair MboI-Kpn I restriction fragment that spans
      nucleotide positions 15591 to 16053 of HeLa cell mitochondrial DNA was as much as
      100-fold lower than the recovery of M13 clones containing other regions of the
      human mitochondrial genome. All of 50 recombinant M13 clones containing this
      'uncloneable' fragment had one or more changes in nucleotide sequence. Each clone
      contained at least one alteration in two nucleotide positions within the tRNAThr
      gene that encode portions of the anticodon loop and D-stem of the HeLa
      mitochondrial tRNAThr. These results imply that the HeLa mitochondrial tRNAThr
      gene is responsible for the 'uncloneable' phenotype of this region of human
      mitochondrial (mt) DNA. A total of 61 nucleotide sequence alterations were
      identified in 50 independent clones containing the HeLa mt tRNAThr gene. 56
      mutations were single-base substitutions; 5 were deletions. Approximately 80% of
      the base substitution mutations were A:T----G:C transitions. A preference for A:T
      ---G:C transition mutations also characterizes polymorphic base substitution
      variants in the mitochondrial DNA of unrelated individuals. This similarity
      suggests that human mitochondrial DNA sequence variation within and between
      individuals may have a common origin.

PMID- 3362159
TI  - Induction of specific-locus and dominant-lethal mutations in male mice by diethyl
      sulfate (DES).
AB  - Diethyl sulfate (DES), a monofunctional alkylating agent, induces mutations and
      chromosomal aberrations in many different organisms and cell systems, including
      dominant-lethal mutations in male mice. However, until now it could not be
      demonstrated that DES induces specific-locus mutations in mice. This observation
      would contradict the close correlation observed between the induction of dominant
      lethal mutations and specific-locus mutations in mice with other chemicals. DES
      induces dominant-lethal and specific-locus mutations in spermatozoa and late
      spermatids of mice. The mutation frequency for dominant-lethal mutations is dose
      dependent, while for specific-locus mutations it is independent of the dose. In
      the mating interval 5-8 days post-treatment the mutation frequency for 200 mg/kg
      DES is 17.0 X 10(-5) and for 300 mg/kg 7.5 X 10(-5) mutations per locus. The dose
      dependent increase of dominant-lethal mutations probably reduced the chance of
      recovering specific-locus mutations. The importance of these findings for
      mutagenicity testing is discussed.

PMID- 3362161
TI  - The non-random occurrence of exchanges involving chromosomes 7 and 14 in human
      lymphocytes: a prospective study of control individuals.
AB  - A prospective banded study of chromosome aberrations in 77 control individuals
      showed an excess of exchanges involving chromosomes 7 and 14 in peripheral blood
      lymphocyte cultures. Analysis of 3850 cells, in their first mitosis in vitro,
      revealed 5 t(7;14), 4 inv(7), 1 inv(14) and 1 dic(14;14). It is suggested that
      these exchanges are a specific T-cell phenomenon and are already present in the
      peripheral blood lymphocytes prior to culturing.

PMID- 3362160
TI  - Induction of specific-locus and dominant-lethal mutations by cyclophosphamide and
      combined cyclophosphamide-radiation treatment in male mice.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide is the most widely used antineoplastic agent. It is also used to
      condition patients for bone-marrow transplantations. Because of the general
      interest of this compound we initiated a systematic study of the induction of
      dominant-lethal and specific-locus mutations in male mice. In addition, we
      investigated the induction of specific-locus mutations by the combined treatment
      of cyclophosphamide and ionizing radiation. A dose of 40 mg/kg bw of
      cyclophosphamide caused dominant-lethal mutations in male mice only in the 1st
      and 2nd week after treatment. A dose of 120 mg/kg induced dominant-lethal
      mutations in the mating intervals 1-21 days posttreatment. No dominant lethal
      mutations were observed after the 3rd week. The same differential spermatogenic
      response was observed for the induction of specific-locus mutations.
      Cyclophosphamide induced recessive mutations exclusively in spermatozoa and
      spermatids. No mutations were recovered from treated spermatocytes and
      spermatogonia. In contrast to cyclophosphamide, radiation induces specific-locus
      mutations in all germ-cell stages. The pretreatment with cyclophosphamide 24 h
      before radiation enhanced the frequency of specific-locus mutations in
      spermatogonia. The distribution of the observed mutations among the 7 loci and
      their viability supports the hypothesis that these mutations were induced by
      radiation rather than by cyclophosphamide. The compound causes an immediate
      inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis in spermatogonia. The inhibition very likely
      interferes with the repair process. The disturbance of the repair process is
      probably the cause of the synergistic effect for the induction of specific-locus
      mutations in spermatogonia of mice after pretreatment with cyclophosphamide 24 h
      before irradiation.

PMID- 3362162
TI  - Micronuclei in X-irradiated human lymphocytes.
AB  - The dose-effect relationship of the frequency of micronuclei in cytokinesis
      blocked human lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation of whole blood in the range
      from 0.2 to 4 Gy was studied. The linear-quadratic response obtained offers a
      useful technique for dose assessments in cases of radiation injuries above
      approx. 0.1 Gy whole body dose. The distribution in size of micronuclei in
      cytochalasin B treated cells ranges to larger diameters than in mononuclear
      lymphoblasts.

PMID- 3362163
TI  - Radiation induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes.
AB  - An examination of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus technique confirmed its
      potential usefulness as a method of biological dosimetry for radiation accidents.
      Several advantages and disadvantages of the system are discussed. It has been
      demonstrated that under the conditions of these experiments, the blocking agent,
      cytochalasin B does not induce micronuclei or unstable chromosome aberrations.
      The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges proved just significant. Analysis of
      the dose response for 250 kVp X-rays indicates that although the Y = alpha D +
      beta D2 model fits the data, the relationship does not correspond to that for
      total aberration induction as might have been expected. The background frequency
      of micronuclei and the value of the alpha coefficient are higher than for total
      aberrations and the beta term is lower. This indicates that simple incorporation
      of acentric chromosome fragments into micronuclei may not wholly account for the
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3362164
TI  - Analysis of mutagenesis and sister-chromatid exchanges induced by 5-bromo-2'
      deoxyuridine in somatic hybrids derived from Syrian hamster melanoma cells and
      Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Somatic cell hybrids were derived from the fusion of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
      cells and Syrian hamster melanoma cells (2E). These two cell lines had previously
      been shown to differ in their response to the induction of mutations and sister
      chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) (Kaufman, 1987).
      The parental cells and a number of representative, independent hybrid clones were
      tested for their response to both the INC and REP mutagenesis protocols. INC
      mutagenesis involves the incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA under conditions of
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool imbalance, while REP mutagenesis
      involves the replication of 5-bromouracil-substituted DNA in the presence of dNTP
      pool imbalance. When tested for the toxic effects of high concentrations of
      BrdUrd and for the induction of mutations by the INC protocol, the hybrid clones
      all expressed the 2E phenotype, i.e., sensitivity to relatively low
      concentrations of BrdUrd and thymidine for the induction of mutations, dNTP pool
      perturbation, and the toxic effects of BrdUrd. When the hybrid clones were tested
      for the induction of mutations and SCEs by the REP protocol, it was found that
      they expressed the 2E phenotype for the induction of mutations and the CHO
      phenotype for the induction of SCEs. Thus, various aspects of the 2E phenotype,
      such as high mutation frequencies associated with large dNTP pool perturbations,
      appeared to be dominantly expressed in the cell hybrids, while the lack of
      induction of SCEs by these mutagenic conditions in 2E cells was found to be a
      recessive characteristic.

PMID- 3362165
TI  - Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke.
AB  - The cause of ischemic stroke in younger adults is undefined in as many as 35
      percent of patients. We studied the prevalence of patent foramen ovale as
      detected by contrast echocardiography in a population of 60 adults under 55 years
      old with ischemic stroke and a normal cardiac examination. We compared the
      results with those in a control group of 100 patients. The prevalence of patent
      foramen ovale was significantly higher in the patients with stroke (40 percent)
      than in the control group (10 percent, P less than 0.001). Among the patients
      with stroke, the prevalence of patent foramen ovale was 21 percent in 19 patients
      with an identifiable cause of their stroke, 40 percent in 15 patients with no
      identifiable cause but a risk factor for stroke, such as mitral valve prolapse,
      migraine, or use of contraceptive agents, and 54 percent in 26 patients with no
      identifiable cause (P less than 0.10). These results suggest that because of the
      high prevalence of clinically latent venous thrombosis, paradoxical embolism
      through a patent foramen ovale may be responsible for stroke more often than is
      usually suspected.

PMID- 3362166
TI  - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
      Treatment with ultraviolet B phototherapy.

PMID- 3362167
TI  - Cryptogenic stroke.

PMID- 3362168
TI  - Are voluntary hospitals caring for the poor?

PMID- 3362169
TI  - Aspartame and headache.

PMID- 3362170
TI  - Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

PMID- 3362172
TI  - Aspergillosis in the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 3362171
TI  - Antibiotic resistance from food.

PMID- 3362173
TI  - Medjugorje maculopathy.

PMID- 3362174
TI  - Should reviewers of scientific papers sign their reviews?

PMID- 3362175
TI  - Setting the record straight. The provision of uncompensated care by not-for
      profit hospitals.

PMID- 3362176
TI  - Effect of dietary stearic acid on plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels.
AB  - We studied the metabolic effects of stearic acid (18:0) on plasma lipoprotein
      levels in 11 subjects during three dietary periods of three weeks each. The three
      liquid-formula diets, which were used in random order, were high in palmitic acid
      (16:0), stearic acid, and oleic acid (18:1), respectively. Caloric intakes were
      the same during the three periods. As compared with the values observed when the
      subjects were on the high-palmitic-acid diet, plasma total cholesterol decreased
      by an average of 14 percent during consumption of the high-stearic-acid diet (P
      less than 0.005) and by 10 percent during consumption of the high-oleic-acid diet
      (P less than 0.02). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell by 21 percent
      in subjects on the high-stearic-acid diet (P less than 0.005) and by 15 percent
      in subjects on the high-oleic-acid diet (P less than 0.005). No significant
      differences were observed in the plasma levels of triglycerides or high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol among the three diets. Measurements of the intestinal
      absorption of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids revealed essentially complete
      absorption of each during the three dietary periods. The oleic acid content of
      plasma triglycerides and cholesteryl esters increased significantly during the
      high-stearic-acid period, suggesting that stearic acid is rapidly converted to
      oleic acid. We conclude that stearic acid appears to be as effective as oleic
      acid in lowering plasma cholesterol levels when either replaces palmitic acid in
      the diet.

PMID- 3362178
TI  - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death.

PMID- 3362177
TI  - Diagnostic yield of the autopsy in a university hospital and a community
      hospital.
AB  - To determine the extent to which autopsies yield unexpected findings that are
      relevant to the patient's death and whether cases with a high yield of such
      findings can be identified selectively, we studied a total of 233 autopsies at a
      university hospital and at a community hospital. The rates at which autopsies
      detected major unexpected findings whose premortem diagnosis would probably have
      improved survival were 11 percent at the university hospital and 12 percent at
      the community hospital. Major unexpected findings whose premortem diagnosis would
      not have prolonged survival were found in another 12 and 21 percent of cases,
      respectively. Pulmonary embolism and fungal infections in immuno-compromised
      hosts were the most common major unexpected findings. Neither we nor the
      patients' physicians were able to identify from the clinical data the autopsies
      likely to have high yields. Furthermore, the physicians' estimates of an
      autopsy's expected yield were similar for patients evaluated by autopsy and for
      matched patients who were not. We conclude that the autopsy continues to yield
      clinically relevant findings at a high level and that it is not currently
      possible to predict which cases will have high yields. Autopsies are vital to
      ensure the quality of medical care, and autopsy rates must be increased
      substantially if this role is to be fully realized.

PMID- 3362179
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 19-1988. A 33-year-old man with cough, fever, weight loss, and
      pleuritic pain.

PMID- 3362180
TI  - Dietary saturated fatty acids and blood cholesterol.

PMID- 3362182
TI  - Decisions about CPR.

PMID- 3362181
TI  - Free needles for drug addicts: don't forget the syringe.

PMID- 3362183
TI  - Drunk drivers and medical inquiry.

PMID- 3362184
TI  - On diapers and septic fields.

PMID- 3362185
TI  - The mortality experience of major-league baseball players.

PMID- 3362186
TI  - Use of smokeless tobacco in major-league baseball.

PMID- 3362187
TI  - Anagrelide: a new drug for treating thrombocytosis.
AB  - Anagrelide is a member of the imidazo (2,1-b) quinazolin-2-one series of
      compounds, with a powerful antiaggregating effect on platelets. During studies in
      humans, anagrelide in small doses has produced thrombocytopenia. We therefore
      evaluated it in the treatment of thrombocytosis, and to date, platelet levels in
      15 of 17 patients with primary thrombocythemia, 2 patients with polycythemia vera
      and thrombocytosis, and 1 patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia and
      thrombocytosis have been well controlled with the use of this agent. Induction
      doses of 1.0 to 1.5 mg given orally every six hours have produced a decrease in
      the platelet count, starting on day 5 and reaching a normal level by day 12. Side
      effects of anagrelide have been minimal. Maintenance therapy with 1.5 to 4.0 mg a
      day has continued to control the platelet count in patients for up to 28 months.
      This new agent appears promising in the treatment of thrombocytosis in patients
      with chronic myeloproliferative disease.

PMID- 3362188
TI  - Impaired neurogenic vascular response in patients with diabetes and neuropathic
      foot lesions.
AB  - Peripheral neuropathy plays an important part in the development of foot
      complications in patients with diabetes. We studied the contribution of
      impairment of the dual sensory and inflammatory function of unmyelinated
      nociceptive C fibers in the foot complications of diabetes. The integrity of
      these fibers was assessed objectively by measuring axon reflex vasodilation in
      response to stimulation with 10 percent acetylcholine introduced by
      electrophoresis. This was related to the non-neurogenic capacity of the vessels
      to dilate in response to a mechanical stroke. These measurements were made on the
      soles of the subjects' feet. The function of the nociceptive C fibers was
      abnormal in 1 of 14 patients with longstanding diabetes who had no foot
      complications, 3 of 9 patients with diabetes and skin sepsis, 8 of 11 patients
      with typical neuropathic plantar ulcers, and all of 8 patients with
      neuroarthropathy. In patients with longstanding diabetes but no foot
      complications, the mean ratio of neurogenic to non-neurogenic vasodilation was
      not significantly different from that in controls; however, it was significantly
      lower in the other three groups (P less than 0.01 for those with sepsis; P less
      than 0.001 for those with ulcer or arthropathy). Impairment of the neurogenic
      vasodilator response, or flare, correlated with the clinical diminution of pain
      sensation. This study suggests that the loss of both components of nociceptive C
      fiber function--neurogenic inflammation and pain sensation--is an important
      factor in the development of foot complications in diabetes.

PMID- 3362189
TI  - Wither the platelet?

PMID- 3362190
TI  - Protective garb.

PMID- 3362191
TI  - Correction of hyponatremia and its relation to brain damage.

PMID- 3362192
TI  - Occult bacteremia in febrile children.

PMID- 3362193
TI  - Gestation of triplets after intrauterine implantation of two embryos.

PMID- 3362194
TI  - Medical practice a la mode.

PMID- 3362195
TI  - Effect of extrusion processing on the nutritional quality of protein in rice
      legume blends.
AB  - The effect of extrusion processing using Wenger X-5 extruder on the quality of
      products of rice-legume (75:25) blends was investigated. The products were
      palatable and had a good texture. The nutritional quality of protein in the
      extrudates was significantly improved. The protein efficiency ratio values of
      rice-soybean, rice-bengal gram and rice-black gram products were: 2.25, 2.30 and
      2.28 as compared to 2.10, 1.89 and 1.98 for the respective raw blends. Extrusion
      processing reduced the phytates in the products to the extent of 20.3 to 26.8%.

PMID- 3362197
TI  - Chemical and nutritional assessment of sweetpotato proteins.
AB  - The solubility of sweetpotato nitrogen increased outside the pH range 3-6 for the
      pulp, and 2-5 for the peel of the two varieties namely, "Abees" and "Giza 69".
      The minimum nitrogen extractability occurred between the pH range 3-4, and 4-5
      for the peel and pulp, respectively. The sweetpotato protein isolates were
      prepared separately from both peel and pulp of the two varieties. The former had
      the highest values of carbohydrates and ash while the latter had the highest
      values of protein and fat. The in-vitro digestibility of sweetpotato proteins and
      casein by pepsin-pancreatin was studied. Casein was more easily digested than the
      proteins of sweetpotatoes, whose digestibilities were higher in the pulp than in
      the peel of the two varieties. No trypsin inhibitor activity was detected in peel
      and pulp of both varieties under test. The effect of the variety of sweetpotatoes
      on the protein patterns was studied using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and varietal specific patterns were obtained.

PMID- 3362196
TI  - [The metabolism of various acaloric compounds with fatlike properties in rats].
AB  - Pseudofats as total substituted long-chain esters and ethers of polyhydroxyl
      compounds (sucrose, triglycerol, and polyethyleneglycol) are more or less
      indifferent against gastrointestinal enzymes, but display specific metabolic
      effects on lipid metabolism especially on cholesterol synthesis in liver, plasma
      lipid level, and fecal cholesterol excretion. Among the different tested
      compounds there exist similarities as well as differences, which are to consider
      as an indication for a specific relationship between structure and effect. These
      relations are more closely investigated and critically discussed.

PMID- 3362198
TI  - Eye of the beholder.

PMID- 3362199
TI  - Flight recorders.

PMID- 3362200
TI  - Own goal?

PMID- 3362202
TI  - Vision: perspectives on movement.

PMID- 3362201
TI  - Behavioural ecology: lekking in Florence.

PMID- 3362203
TI  - Designing heat-shock clocks.

PMID- 3362205
TI  - A new superfamily of replicative proteins.

PMID- 3362206
TI  - Lifting heavy loads not just by the Egyptians.

PMID- 3362204
TI  - Acrimonious debate over AIDS.

PMID- 3362207
TI  - When the left hand doesn't know...

PMID- 3362208
TI  - Relief in sight for HIV-carrying Japanese haemophiliacs.

PMID- 3362209
TI  - Who will lead human genome project?

PMID- 3362210
TI  - A computational theory for the perception of coherent visual motion.
AB  - When we see motion, our perception of how one image feature moves depends on the
      behaviour of other features nearby. In particular, the Gestaltists proposed the
      law of shared common fate, in which features tend to be perceived as moving
      together, that is, coherently. Recent psychophysical findings, such as the
      cooperativity of the motion system and motion capture, support this law.
      Computationally, coherence is a sensible assumption, because if two features are
      close then they probably belong to the same object and thus tend to move
      together. Moreover, the measurement of local motion may be inaccurate and so the
      integration of motion information over large areas may help to improve the
      performance. Present theories of visual motion, however, do not account fully for
      these coherent motion percepts. We propose here a theory that does account for
      these phenomena and also provides a solution to the aperture problem, where the
      local information in the image flow is insufficient to specify the motion
      uniquely.

PMID- 3362211
TI  - Paramyosin and actin in schistosomal teguments.
AB  - Schistosomes are blood-dwelling trematode parasites that infect 200 million
      people in developing countries. The critical role served by the tegument in
      immune evasion and parasite homeostasis suggests that a detailed knowledge of
      tegumental components would be helpful in the design of new drugs and the
      production of vaccines. We demonstrate here, by immunoelectron microscopy, that
      the cytoskeletal proteins actin and paramyosin are organized into major
      tegumental structures of Schistosoma mansoni. The surface spines are composed of
      paracrystalline arrays of actin filaments. Actin is also present in areas
      recovering from damage, implying an important role for this structural protein in
      tegumental repair. Paramyosin exists predominantly in the tegument in a non
      filamentous form, the membrane-bounded elongate bodies. The localization of this
      protein to the tegument of the parasite is the likely basis for resistance to S.
      mansoni observed in mice immunized with paramyosin (refs 1, 2 and T. P. Flanigen
      et al., in preparation).

PMID- 3362212
TI  - Encouragement needed.

PMID- 3362213
TI  - Identification of an altered splice site in Ashkenazi Tay-Sachs disease.
AB  - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder resulting from
      mutation of the HEXA gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the lysosomal enzyme,
      beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A (ref. 1). A relatively high frequency of carriers
      (1/27) of a lethal, infantile form of the disease is found in the Ashkenazi
      Jewish population, but it is not yet evident whether this has resulted from a
      founder effect and random genetic drift or from a selective advantage of
      heterozygotes. We have identified a single-base mutation in a cloned fragment of
      the HEXA gene from an Ashkenazi Jewish patient. This change, the substitution of
      a C for G in the first nucleotide of intron 12 is expected to result in defective
      splicing of the messenger RNA. A test for the mutant allele based on
      amplification of DNA by the 'polymerase chain rection and cleavage of a DdeI
      restriction site generated by the mutation revealed that this case and two other
      cases of the Ashkenazi, infantile form of Tay-Sachs disease are heterozygous for
      two different mutations. The occurrence of multiple mutant alleles warrants
      further examination of the selective advantage hypothesis.

PMID- 3362214
TI  - Risk research.

PMID- 3362215
TI  - Velocity sedimentation of cells.
AB  - Velocity sedimentation provides a variety of methods for the separation of cells
      according to their rates of sedimentation. Many approaches are available.

PMID- 3362216
TI  - [Colo-anal anastomosis; indications and applications].

PMID- 3362217
TI  - [The geriatric patient in the hospital, whose concern is it?].

PMID- 3362218
TI  - [Cold injuries of the fingers and toes].

PMID- 3362219
TI  - [Acute lung edema in sojourn at high altitude].

PMID- 3362220
TI  - [Parents' experiences following early detection of congenital hypothyroidism in
      their child].

PMID- 3362221
TI  - [Prescribing of ergometrine for abortion without physical examination].

PMID- 3362222
TI  - [Allergic conjunctivitis; primary and secondary role of the allergic reaction in
      the nose].

PMID- 3362223
TI  - [Tuberculosis and infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus].

PMID- 3362224
TI  - [Regional differences in life expectancy in The Netherlands in 1972-1984].

PMID- 3362225
TI  - [Combination of percutaneous lithotripsy and extracorporeally induced shockwave
      lithotripsy for the treatment of staghorn calculi].

PMID- 3362226
TI  - [A Microsporum canis epidemic in a Groninger rural area].

PMID- 3362227
TI  - [A patient with recurrent polychondritis, vasculitis and local focal
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3362228
TI  - [Urological complications in Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3362229
TI  - [Results of the study of human immunodeficiency virus in blood donors in 1985,
      1986 and 1987].

PMID- 3362230
TI  - [Iodine and goiter in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3362231
TI  - [The prevention of puncture accidents].

PMID- 3362232
TI  - [Iatrogenic confirmation of misdiagnosed conversion].

PMID- 3362233
TI  - [Periodic examination in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3362234
TI  - [Hematuria without proteinuria in childhood].

PMID- 3362236
TI  - [Delirium in the general hospital].

PMID- 3362235
TI  - [Aspirin and heart infarct: one proof is no proof].

PMID- 3362237
TI  - [Muscle cramp; a painful problem].

PMID- 3362238
TI  - [The course of diabetic retinopathy during treatment with continuous subcutaneous
      insulin infusion].

PMID- 3362239
TI  - [Mortality from stomach carcinoma following stomach surgery for benign disorders;
      analysis of an Amsterdam cohort].

PMID- 3362240
TI  - [The role of contact allergy in patients with eczema].

PMID- 3362241
TI  - [The job situation for physicians returning from tropical countries].

PMID- 3362242
TI  - [Jumper's knee; an easily-treated sports injury].

PMID- 3362243
TI  - [Counseling in aberrant findings in cytological examinations of the uterine
      cervix].

PMID- 3362244
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative lung complications].

PMID- 3362245
TI  - ['It's bound to be a virus...'].

PMID- 3362246
TI  - [Acupuncture as therapy; facts and viewpoints].

PMID- 3362247
TI  - [The professional secret].

PMID- 3362249
TI  - [A closer look at protocols].

PMID- 3362248
TI  - [Chronic maxillary sinusitis and the potential role of the allergic reaction of
      the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3362250
TI  - [The treatment of spasmodic torticollis using the Foerster-Dandy operation].

PMID- 3362251
TI  - [The number of children with congenital disorders born to women with type I
      diabetes mellitus in relation to the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin in
      early pregnancy].

PMID- 3362252
TI  - [(Un)reliability of estimates and predictions about extent and future course of
      the HIV epidemic].

PMID- 3362253
TI  - [Heparin; current insight in an old concept].

PMID- 3362254
TI  - [The surgical treatment of lung metastases; results in patients operated on 1964
      1983].

PMID- 3362255
TI  - [Problems related to high-dose estrogen/progestogen combinations, such as
      Menstrogen, in India].

PMID- 3362256
TI  - [Infectious mononucleosis, different from usual].

PMID- 3362257
TI  - [Bibliotherapy: 'reading promotes healing'].

PMID- 3362258
TI  - [Repeat abortion, an accidental event or a disease?].

PMID- 3362259
TI  - [Varicella zoster virus infection of the central nervous system with symptoms
      resembling cardiac phobia and schizophrenia].

PMID- 3362260
TI  - [Adverse drug reactions in combined treatment with tricyclic antidepressants and
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors].

PMID- 3362261
TI  - [Electroconvulsive therapy-induced cardiac decompensation].

PMID- 3362262
TI  - [Comments on the so-called "feeling of hysteria"].
AB  - By interpreting the concept of "hysteria feeling" as a manifestation of
      countertransference the author attempts to clarify the physician's dilemma in
      dealing with hysterical patients. "Hysteria feeling" is a complex of feelings in
      the physician as he develops increasing doubts about the authenticity of the
      patient's experiences and behaviour. By recognizing and interpreting the hysteria
      feeling, the negative course of confusion-involvement-doubt and disappointment
      can be transformed into a positive object relation.

PMID- 3362263
TI  - [Schizophrenic concretism].

PMID- 3362264
TI  - Validation of the role of bromocriptine in the primary treatment of
      prolactinomas.

PMID- 3362265
TI  - Long-acting injectable bromocriptine treatment for macroprolactinomas.

PMID- 3362267
TI  - Papillary thyroid carcinoma and characteristic pigmented ocular fundus lesions in
      a patient with Gardner's syndrome.

PMID- 3362266
TI  - Homozygous beta+-thalassemia in a Dutch teenager: haematological, clinical, and
      genetic observations. A case report.

PMID- 3362268
TI  - The outcome is known, the primary not.

PMID- 3362269
TI  - Systemic capillary leak syndrome. Preventive treatment with terbutaline.

PMID- 3362270
TI  - Churg-Strauss syndrome with severe polyradiculoneuropathy and unilateral nerve
      deafness.

PMID- 3362271
TI  - Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland.

PMID- 3362272
TI  - Renal handling of calcium and phosphate during mineralocorticoid administration
      in normal subjects.
AB  - The renal handling of calcium and phosphate in relationship to the renal handling
      of sodium was studied in 7 healthy male volunteers under steady state metabolic
      conditions during prolonged (10 days) mineralocorticoid treatment. Calcium
      excretion was reduced together with sodium excretion during the early phase of
      mineralocorticoid treatment, whereas it increased independent of sodium excretion
      following the escape. Phosphate excretion did not change throughout. These
      results suggest that when there is extracellular volume expansion without
      increase in sodium intake and/or excretion, there is a dissociation of calcium
      and sodium excretion, suggesting that extracellular volume can affect the renal
      tubular handling of calcium probably as a result of mechanism(s) operating in the
      distal nephron.

PMID- 3362273
TI  - Red cell alloimmunization in chronic renal failure patients undergoing
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Posttransfusion alloimmunization to red cell antigens was studied in a group of
      98 chronic renal disease patients treated solely with hemodialysis. Clinically
      significant red cell antibodies were formed in only 6.1% of transfused patients,
      and only 1 patient formed more than one antibody. We do not recommend extended
      red cell phenotyping, beyond ABO and Rh(D), in patients with end-stage renal
      disease who may require transfusion.

PMID- 3362274
TI  - Reduced incidence of hyperkalemia and azotemia in patients receiving sulindac
      compared with indomethacin.
AB  - The incidence and severity of hyperkalemia and azotemia was investigated in a
      prospective randomized study involving 74 patients receiving either sulindac 200
      mg p.o. b.i.d. or indomethacin 25 mg p.o. t.i.d. and 100 mg p.r. The mean +/- SE
      posttreatment increment in serum potassium was 0.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in patients
      treated by indomethacin compared to 0.5 +/- 0.1 in those receiving sulindac (p
      less than 0.025). The mean +/- SE posttreatment increment in blood urea nitrogen
      (BUN) was 3.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/l in patients on indomethacin compared to only 0.9 +/-
      0.3 in patients on sulindac (p less than 0.001). In 5 patients who developed
      hyperkalemia while on indomethacin, changing to sulindac resulted in a sharp
      reduction of serum potassium in 3, and normalization of BUN in all patients.
      These data support the claim of a reduced risk of impaired renal function
      associated with the use of sulindac.

PMID- 3362275
TI  - Suppression of serum parathyroid hormone levels by intravenous alphacalcidol in
      uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. A pilot study.
AB  - Seven patients on chronic hemodialysis were given alphacalcidol (1 alpha-OH
      vitamin D3) intravenously in a pilot study during 3 months. Before treatment all
      patients had serum calcium values within the normal range, but elevated levels of
      parathyroid hormone (PTH). When serum calcium was raised above the normal range
      by treatment with alphacalcidol, all patients displayed marked suppression of PTH
      levels with a mean reduction of 40 +/- 20% (SD; p less than 0.01). When the dose
      of alphacalcidol was reduced so that the serum calcium values were kept at the
      upper limit of the normal range, a partial return towards pretreatment values of
      PTH was seen but the levels were still lowered (p less than 0.05). Thus,
      intravenous administration of the vitamin D compound appeared to be useful for
      the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis. A direct
      effect of alphacalcidol on the parathyroid glands could, however, not be
      distinguished from the calcemic action.

PMID- 3362276
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolality contrast media.
AB  - Nephrotoxicity of radio-opaque contrast media (CM) is generally believed to
      involve toxic injury of proximal tubular cells. Measurement of urinary tubular
      enzyme excretion has been advocated as a sensitive marker of such toxic injury.
      It has been claimed that the new low-osmolality or nonionic CM reduce the
      incidence of nephrotoxicity but this remains uncertain. We studied 23 patients
      with normal renal function undergoing coronary angiography; patients were
      randomized into three groups receiving either diatrizoate (1,800 mmol/kg H2O),
      ioxaglate (600 mmol/kg H2O) or iohexol (850 mmol/kg H2O). Urinary excretion of a
      panel of enzymes increased significantly in all groups by 20 h (p less than 0.05
      to less than 0.005). Alanine aminopeptidase excretion at 20 h was greater after
      the administration of high osmolality ionic CM than with the others but all three
      CM produced a similar pattern of enzyme excretion. No significant change in
      glomerular filtration rate was found in any group so the significance of the
      enzymuria remains uncertain.

PMID- 3362278
TI  - A major inhibitor of phenytoin binding to serum protein in uremia.
AB  - A major endogenous ligand substance, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic
      acid (CMPF), accumulated in the sera of uremic patients, inhibited phenytoin
      binding to pooled serum obtained from healthy subjects and to human serum albumin
      in a concentration usually observed in the sera of patients with uremia. This
      suggests that CMPF is a major drug-binding inhibitor present in uremic serum and
      may be one of the so-called 'uremic toxins'.

PMID- 3362277
TI  - Glomerular refractoriness to contractile stimuli in rabbits recovering from
      ischemic acute renal failure.
AB  - The present work was performed on uninephrectomized rabbits recovering from
      ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) in an attempt to elucidate whether or not
      intraglomerular events are a determinant factor in the development of resistance
      to ARF. 14 days after a 2-hour clamping of the renal artery (the recovery phase),
      the animals did not show resistance to an additional ischemia. On the other hand,
      glomeruli derived from normal kidneys displayed a contractile response to
      angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin or norepinephrine in Eagle's minimum
      essential medium, whereas glomeruli from rabbits recovering from ischemic ARF
      were refractory to the vasoconstrictor agents. The findings suggest that
      glomerular refractoriness to contractile stimuli does not provide resistance to
      an additional renal ischemia in the ischemic model of ARF.

PMID- 3362279
TI  - Effect of a low-protein diet on chemiluminescence production by leukocytes from
      uremic patients.
AB  - Chemiluminescence (CL) emission from leukocytes was studied in 20 uremic patients
      after ingestion of opsonized zymosan. CL production was impaired when compared
      with control groups. Six months after a low-protein, low-phosphorus diet
      supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues (SD) was started, a
      significant improvement in CL production was observed. SD may be expected to
      decrease the susceptibility of uremic patients to bacterial infections.

PMID- 3362280
TI  - Ionized and total calcium variations induced by haemodialysis.
AB  - The variations of ionized and total calcium concentrations were studied during
      haemodialysis with high flux membrane using dialysate calcium concentrations of
      1.63 and 1.76 mmol/l. The changes in ionized and total calcium were related to
      the predialytic calcium concentration difference between plasma and dialysate.
      The calcium changes were not influenced by the intradialytic pH variations. But
      the total calcium level increased more with the higher albumin concentration.
      Compared with previous studies, the calcium gradient concentration between plasma
      and dialysate was found to be the main factor responsible for the calcium
      variations observed during haemodialysis with high flux membrane.

PMID- 3362281
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of low osmolar radiocontrast agents in patients with chronic renal
      failure.

PMID- 3362282
TI  - Desferrioxamine-induced acute neurosensorial deafness.

PMID- 3362283
TI  - Major albumin-associated fluorescent substance in uremic serum.

PMID- 3362284
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis and cerebral edema.

PMID- 3362285
TI  - Asymptomatic bacteriuria in health and glomerulonephropathies.

PMID- 3362286
TI  - Pseudomonas-like species IIK-1 peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3362287
TI  - Mechanism of urinary erythrocyte deformity in patients with glomerular disease.

PMID- 3362288
TI  - Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis resistant to ciclosporin-A therapy.

PMID- 3362289
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressants, mianserin, and ouabain stimulate inositol phosphate
      formation in vitro in rat cortical slices.
AB  - The ability of tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mianserin
      and ouabain to stimulate hydrolysis of inositol phosphates was examined in rat
      cerebral cortex slices using a direct assay which involves labelling with
      [3H]inositol and assaying [3H]inositol phosphates in the presence of lithium.
      Desimipramine, imipramine, chlorimipramine, mianserin, and ouabain stimulated
      [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner. The
      monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pargyline and nialamide were without effect. The
      stimulation of [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation caused by the various
      substances was not blocked by the antagonists prazosin, ketanserin, atropine, or
      mepyramine. In contrast, the antagonists prazosin, ketanserin, atropine and
      mepyramine selectively blocked stimulation of [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation
      caused by noradrenaline, serotonin, carbachol and histamine respectively. When
      desimipramine was substituted for lithium in the assay procedure, carbachol was
      ineffectual in stimulating [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation. In these
      experiments the control (unstimulated) values were much higher than in the normal
      (when lithium is present) assay procedure. Desimipramine is quite effective in
      stimulating [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation either in the presence or absence
      of lithium in the incubation medium. This is not the case for carbachol where it
      was essential to have lithium in the incubation medium in order to obtain a
      stimulation of [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation. Furthermore, in the case of
      carbachol stimulation, most of the radioactivity was associated with a peak
      corresponding to inositol monophosphate, while for desimipramine stimulation two
      clear peaks corresponding to inositol monophosphate and inositol bisphosphate
      were apparent.

PMID- 3362290
TI  - Involvement of brain trace amines in the behavioural effects of phenelzine.
AB  - The MAO inhibitor phenelzine (PLZ) at a dose of 25 mg/kg does not affect the
      behavior of rats. In contrast, the equivalent dose of a deuterated analog (alpha,
      alpha, beta, beta-tetradeutero-PLZ, d4PLZ) elicits a biphasic behavioral syndrome
      in rats. In an attempt to correlate changes in cerebral monoamines with behavior,
      the concentration of various amines were measured at various times after the
      administration of either d4PLZ or PLZ (25 mg/kg). In general, PLZ and d4PLZ
      caused elevations in brain amine levels, particularly in the time period 2-12
      hours after drug administration. Furthermore, d4PLZ increased the concentrations
      of serotonin (5-HT), phenylethylamine (PE), tryptamine (T), meta-tyramine (mTA),
      and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) to a greater extent than PLZ. Since the time course
      of behavioral excitation closely parallels the elevations in T and PE levels in
      the brain and since the percentage increases in PE and T levels following d4PLZ
      compared to PLZ treatment were substantially greater than those of the other
      amines, it was postulated that PE and T are involved in d4PLZ-induced behaviors.

PMID- 3362292
TI  - The measurement of gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase) activity in rat brain.
AB  - An assay using the artificial substrate, 2,4-diamino-10-methyl-pteroylglutamyl
      gamma-glutamate (MTX-G1), was developed to measure gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
      (conjugase), which hydrolyzes folylpolyglutamates. This assay allows us to: 1)
      measure conjugase for the first time in rat brain and 2) measure conjugase in a
      reliable, sensitive and inexpensive manner. The MTX-binding assay results were
      compared to samples analyzed by HPLC and found to vary by only 13%. The
      artificial substrate, MTX-G1, had a lower rate of hydrolysis than pteroylglutamyl
      gamma-glutamate (Pte-G2), 70.7 +/- 0.64 and 92.6 +/- 0.22 nmoles/hr/mg protein
      respectively. Conjugase was semi-purified 24 fold in H2O and found to have a pH
      optimum of 5.0.

PMID- 3362293
TI  - "Intracellular" GABA affects the equilibrium distribution of Cl- across the
      plasma membrane of a GABA acceptive neuron.
AB  - The permeability of Cl- ions through single microdissected plasma membrane from
      Deiters' neurons was studied by a microtechnique. In particular, the time course
      of the passage of 36Cl- ions from a microchamber, M1, to another one, M2, across
      the membrane was followed. This study was performed with or without gamma-amino
      butyric acid (GABA) in the two microchambers. The results suggest that in basal
      conditions the high intracellular concentration normally present in these
      neurons, 3.3 mM (1), causes a higher permeability of Cl- in the direction inside-
      --outside in the respect of the plasma membrane. "Extracellular" GABA, 0.1 mM, is
      able to abolish this imbalance in Cl- permeability in the two opposite
      directions. This event appears to be the basis for GABA induced hyperpolarization
      of these neurons.

PMID- 3362291
TI  - Cholinergic deficit in Alzheimer's disease: a study based on CSF and autopsy
      data.
AB  - Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured as a possible marker of cholinergic
      neurotransmission of the brain in CSF of 93 patients with probable Alzheimer's
      disease/senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) and of 29 control
      patients. ChE activity in CSF was decreased significantly in the AD/SDAT patients
      as compared to the controls. This reduction correlated significantly with the
      various measures of the severity of dementia. However, the reduction of ChE
      activity was only moderate (25-30%) even in patients with the most severe
      dementia and nonsignificant in patients with early symptoms of AD/SDAT. The
      significance of various confounding factors, which may interfere with CSF ChE
      measurements is discussed. Our findings seem to indicate that the deficiency of
      cholinergic neurons is not directly reflected in CSF and that the measurements of
      ChE activities in CSF are not helpful in diagnosing AD/SDAT. In the autopsy study
      the activities of cholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) and ChE were determined for ten
      brain areas of 20 AD/SDAT patients and of 14 controls. In AD/SDAT patients ChAT
      activity was profoundly decreased (50-85% decrease) in the cortical areas and
      hippocampus, but was unchanged or only mildly reduced in other subcortical brain
      areas. This study further confirms that the affection of cholinergic neurons is
      limited to projections from nucleus basalis to cortex and hippocampus, whereas
      other cholinergic neurons, like in striatum, seem to be relatively spared. In
      general, the activities of ChAT and ChE were lower in Alzheimer patients dying at
      younger age suggesting more severe disease process with these patients.

PMID- 3362294
TI  - [Post-traumatic occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery].
AB  - A rare case with cerebral infarction in the region of the anterior cerebral
      artery after minor head injury is reported. A 44-year-old male sustained a blow
      in the occipital area and became unconscious for a moment when he was driving a
      car and was involved in a rear-end collision. There being no significant signs,
      he drove home. About 30 minutes after the traffic accident, he felt weakness in
      the right limbs and speech difficulty and immediately visited our clinic. The
      patient was alert, but right hemiparesis and mild motor aphasia were present.
      There was no apparent evidence of head injury. A plain skull roentgenogram
      revealed no fracture. Computed tomography two hours after the trauma was normal.
      A left carotid angiogram showed an evident dilatation of A2 and the proximal
      portion of A3 of the anterior cerebral artery, tapering off to an occlusion of
      the callosomarginal artery in the arterial phase, delayed filling of the anterior
      cerebral artery in the capillary phase, and pooling of the callosomarginal artery
      in the venous phase. Three days later, computed tomography showed a low density
      area on the medial surface of the left frontal lobe. The symptoms of the patient
      improved with conservative treatment. Sequential changes in angiographic findings
      were observed. One month after admission, severe irregularity and stenosis of the
      pericallosal artery and revascularization of the callosomarginal artery was
      noted. By this time most of his symptoms had disappeared. Two months after
      admission, stenosis of the pericallosal artery increased. Three months after
      admission the stenosis improved slightly. The patient was discharged with no
      neurological deficit. Seven months after the initial trauma, a left carotid
      angiogram showed further regression of the stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3362295
TI  - [Clinical analysis of 60 aged patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms].
AB  - Sixty cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysms over 65 years of age were
      classified as aged group and were compared with 81 cases (control group) between
      50 and 59 years of age. The results obtained are as followed: 1. Aneurysms in
      aged group occur frequently in female (83%) and in internal carotid artery (42%).
      2. Cases with "Excellent" operative result in aged group was found significantly
      lower in ratio (34%) than in control group (59%), which seems attributable to
      high incidence of their poor results in the cases with serious conditions (Hunt
      and Kosnik Grade III & VI) and in those operated early after episode of
      hemorrhage. 3. Symptomatic vasospasm and primary brain damage due to subarachnoid
      hemorrhage occurred frequently in aged group (22% and 8%, respectively), and are
      proved to be two major causes of their unfortunate outcome. 4. In aged group
      difficulty in full enforcement due to cardiovascular complications was considered
      to make hypervolemia-hypertension therapy less effective to prevent and improve
      ischemia symptoms due to vasospasm. Accordingly, one has to choose such other
      means as meticulous and almost complete removal of subarachnoid hematoma in early
      operation or by some drainage systems. 5. Although the primary brain damage
      occurred in similar frequency in both aged and control groups, its recovery was
      significantly lower in aged group than in the control. Under the sustaining
      conditions of the primary brain damage, one should take care of latently
      progressing intracranial pathology such as vasospasm.

PMID- 3362296
TI  - [Neuroanatomical study of experimental tremor produced by VMT lesion in monkeys-
      a horseradish peroxidase study].
AB  - Destruction of the ventromedial tegmentum (VMT) of the midbrain in monkeys is
      known to produce tremors similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease. To
      elucidate such tremorgenic mechanisms, 50% horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was
      injected into the VMT target region in three monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata) and
      eleven adult cats. The volume injected varied between 0.05 and 0.1 microliter.
      The results suggest that afferent fibers to the thalamus, which passed through
      the VMT region, contains tractus cerebellothalamicus and nigrothalamic fibers. A
      large number of labelled cells were found in the ipsilateral nucleus dorsalis
      raphae, indicating that serotonergic neurons are related to the experimental
      tremors. Many labelled terminals were observed in the ipsilateral nucleus
      subthalamicus in the monkey, but in cats no terminals were found. This suggests
      that VMT region in the monkeys contains nigrosubthalamic fibers. The experimental
      tremors produced by destruction of the VMT region in the monkeys appears to be
      due to combined destruction of the tractus cerebellothalamicus, nigrothalamic
      fibers, tractus nigrostriatus, ascending serotonergic neurons from the nucleus
      dorsalis raphae and nigrosubthalamic fibers.

PMID- 3362297
TI  - [Clinical study of primary pontine hemorrhage].
AB  - Forty-three cases of primary pontine hemorrhage were seen in our hospital from
      1979 to 1986. We studied the correlations between clinical signs, CT, ABR
      findings and their outcomes, and then reported surgical results. The case
      consisted of 30 males and 13 females between 32 to 73 years with an average age
      of 54.5. Thirty cases were confirmed to have had hypertension prior to the
      hemorrhage. In ten other cases hypertension was suspected, although their past
      histories were not obtained. In the remaining three cases, no hypertension was
      detected. On admission, comatose state, ocular fixation, absence of light
      reaction, tetraplegia, decerebrate posture, respiratory disturbance, tachycardia
      and hyperthermia were the signs of unlikely recovery. On the CT, the hematomas of
      the group of likely recovery patients were less than 25% of the cross section of
      the pons and lower midbrain in vertical. Greater size of hematomas were seen
      exclusively among the groups of death and severe disability cases. Acute stage
      ABR and CT findings showed discrepancy. We suggest, if ABR, CT findings and
      clinical symptoms were studied more in depth, it is possible to determine a
      patient's prognosis more precisely. Three cases were treated by Stereotactic
      Aspiration, three cases by ventricular drainage and the remaining thirty-seven
      cases conservatively. There was, however, no significant difference in recovery
      between surgically treated cases and conservatively treated one. We think that
      surgical indication is doubtful except for limited cases.

PMID- 3362298
TI  - [Intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy for the acute intracranial major artery
      occlusion].
AB  - Recently percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization therapy (PTCR) with
      urokinase infusion has became one of popular technique for coronary arterial
      occlusion. This paper reported clinical experience of intraarterial urokinase
      infusion therapy for acute or superacute stroke patients. The procedure was
      followed by angiographical study which revealed the major intracerebral arterial
      occlusion in three cases. Case 1: A 74-year-old female had sudden onset of
      clouding of consciousness with complete left hemiplegia. The patient was in our
      urological ward because of treatment for her right ureter tumor, as the patient
      was immediately subjected to angiographical study and complete occlusion of the
      trunk of the right middle cerebral artery was revealed four hours after onset.
      Successively 240,000 IU of urokinase solution was injected through the arterial
      catheter after angiographical study. This procedure repeated two times with 10
      minute intervals. So total amount of 720,000 IU of urokinase was given by
      intraarterial injection. Immediately after the last urokinase injection the
      patient started to recover her consciousness and weakness. Simultaneous angiogram
      demonstrated partial recanalization of the proximal branches of the middle
      cerebral artery. The following day, she had complete recovery from her
      neurological deficits although she had transient hemorrhagic tendency. The final
      angiogram showed no existence of obstructed cerebral arteries as well as no low
      density areas in computed tomographic images. Case 2: A 73-year-old female, with
      the left internal carotid occlusion at the site of C1-2 portion, was instituted
      infusion therapy of similar procedure with total amount of 960,000 IU oi
      urokinase ten to twenty hours after onset. However, no rewarding was
      obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362299
TI  - [Multiple meningiomas with Werner's syndrome--a case report].
AB  - A case of multiple meningiomas with Werner's syndrome is reported. He was 45-year
      old man, who complained change of character and slight right motor weakness for 4
      months. His symptoms were characteristic small stature, premature senility,
      scleroderma-like changes and other manifestations. Glucose tolerance test showed
      a diabetic pattern. CT scan and cerebral angiography revealed multiple
      meningiomas. After chemical embolization of the feeding artery, we removed these
      meningiomas successfully. We also reviewed the literature on Werner's syndrome
      with meningioma.

PMID- 3362300
TI  - [A case of duplication of the middle cerebral artery associated with
      arteriovenous malformation of the temporal lobe].
AB  - A rare case of duplication of the middle cerebral artery associated with an
      arteriovenous malformation of the left temporal lobe is reported. A 45-year-old
      man was admitted to our clinic on January 7, 1985 with a history of sudden onset
      of headache and nausea, followed by loss of consciousness for 20 minutes.
      Neurological signs were negative on admission. An arteriovenous malformation of
      the left temporal lobe fed by a duplicated middle cerebral artery and the
      original MCA were demonstrated on left carotid angiography. No other vascular
      lesion was observed on the angiograms. The arteriovenous malformation was
      successfully removed on January 17, 1985. Postoperative course was uneventful.
      Embryological relation of duplication of the middle cerebral artery to other
      cerebrovascular anomalies is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3362301
TI  - Endogenous opioids and TSH secretion in azotemic male rats.
AB  - The role of endogenous opioids in the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone
      (TSH) secretion in uremic male rats was investigated using the narcotic
      antagonist naloxone. In order to eliminate the effect of weight loss due to
      uremia-induced anorexia as a cause of altered TSH secretion in uremia, we also
      studied a group of normal control animals who were pair-fed with the uremic
      animals, so that their weights were comparable to that of the uremic animals.
      Naloxone administration produced a significant increase in the basal
      concentration of TSH response to TRH (5 micrograms i.v.) was significantly
      blunted in the uremic animals compared to the normal controls and the starved
      animals. Naloxone administration did not alter the peak thyrotropin-releasing
      hormone (TRH) stimulated TSH response in any of the experimental groups of rats.
      Because of the possibility that the effects of naloxone on TSH secretion in the
      uremic rats were related to impaired clearance of the naloxone in those animals,
      an additional group of normal rats was given twice the dose of naloxone
      administered to the uremic animals. The higher dose of naloxone was similarly
      without effect on the basal or TRH-stimulated TSH secretion in this group. The
      data suggest that experimental renal failure is associated with diminished
      sensitivity of the thyrotroph to TRH stimulation and that this blunted
      sensitivity cannot be abolished by blockade of endogenous opioids by naloxone.
      Opioid blockade does, however, increase basal TSH secretion in uremic animals,
      suggesting an increase in endogenous opioidergic tone in uremia.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362302
TI  - Effect of specific acute stressors on luteinizing hormone release in
      ovariectomized and ovariectomized estrogen-treated female rats.
AB  - In order to ascertain the influence of gonadal steroid hormones on the secretory
      response of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal luteinizing hormone (LH) axis to acute
      stress, the effects of four specific stressors on LH release were compared in
      ovariectomized versus ovariectomized steroid-treated rats. Groups of adult female
      Copenhagen-Fischer 344 rats were ovariectomized for either 1 or 2 weeks and
      exposed for specific intervals to one of the following stressors: novel
      environment, strobe light, restraint, or swim. Additional groups of animals were
      ovariectomized for 2 weeks and injected with 10 micrograms estradiol benzoate 24
      and 48 h prior to exposure to the same stress stimuli. Multiple blood samples
      were obtained from these and nonstressed experimental controls at specific time
      points before, during, and after stress exposure. Transfer of 1-week
      ovariectomized rats to a novel environment, followed by a return to their
      original quarters 30 min later, resulted in a well-defined pattern of increased
      LH release. Novel environment stress also stimulated LH release in 2-week
      ovariectomized rats, as indicated by the comparison of mean LH values from the
      pre-stress versus post-stress sampling periods by paired test. Strobe light
      stress, on the other hand, had no effect on circulating LH in 1-week
      ovariectomized rats, but significantly increased mean post-stress plasma LH
      levels compared to mean pre-stress values in 2-week ovariectomized rats. While
      exposure to either 15 min of restraint or 10 min of swim stress had no effect on
      LH in rats ovariectomized for 1 week, both of these stressors resulted in a
      marked decline in LH release in 2-week ovariectomized animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362303
TI  - Effects of colchicine on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of chronically
      salt-loaded rats.
AB  - The effect of colchicine on the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of rats
      drinking 2% NaCl for 4, 6, or 90 days was investigated. Colchicine was injected
      at time 0 for the 4-day group and 48 h before sacrifice for the 6- and 90-day
      groups. Each experimental group was divided into two subgroups that were injected
      with 7 micrograms colchicine into either the cisterna magna or the lateral
      cerebral ventricle. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was investigated
      immunocytochemically using an antiserum against both neurophysins (NPs) as
      primary antibody. The arginine vasopressin content of the neural lobe (NL) of
      rats salt loaded for 4 days and injected with colchicine on days 0 and 3 was
      determined by radioimmunoassay. The amount of immunoreactive NPs in the
      supraoptic nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus, and in the NL was decreased in
      salt-loaded rats. In salt-loaded rats injected with colchicine into the lateral
      ventricle, a substantially larger amount of immunoreactive NPs was present in
      these three areas. However, when colchicine was injected into the cisterna magna,
      only the supraoptic nucleus appeared loaded with immunoreactive NPs, while NPs
      were depleted from the paraventricular nucleus. In the NL of rats salt loaded for
      90 days immunoreactive NPs were diminished markedly, and axon swellings (Herring
      bodies) had virtually disappeared. Colchicine treatment of these rats caused an
      increase of immunoreactive NPs in the NL approaching control values and a
      reappearance of a large number of axon swellings. Results similar to those
      obtained with immunohistochemistry for NPs were obtained when determining the
      arginine vasopressin content of the NL by radioimmunoassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362304
TI  - Estrous cycle variations in levels of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity within
      cells of three interconnected sexually dimorphic forebrain nuclei. Evidence for a
      regulatory role for estrogen.
AB  - The central part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc), the encapsulated part of
      the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTe), and the posterodorsal part of the
      medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeAp) are all though to be involved in the neural
      control of female reproductive behavior, as well as other neuroendocrine
      mechanisms. Although the developmental importance of gonadal steroids during the
      perinatal period on these sexual dimorphisms is well known, an understanding of
      possible activational effects on these cell groups of circulating gonadal
      steroids in the adult is less clear. In the present study we evaluated the number
      of cholecystokinin (CCK)-immunoreactive cells present within MPNc, BSTe, and MeAp
      of regularly cycling female rats over the estrous cycle. In addition, the effects
      of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on CCK staining were also examined. The
      number of CCK-immunoreactive cells within each cell group varied over the estrous
      cycle with the fewest cells present in animals sacrificed while in diestrus.
      Proestrous female rats showed a greater number of cells within each nucleus,
      while intermediate numbers were found for animals in estrus. These changes appear
      to be due, at least in part, to changes in levels of circulating estrogen, since
      subcutaneous implants of estradiol prevented the decline in the number of CCK
      stained cells within MPNC, BSTe, and MeAp that was seen in untreated,
      ovariectomized female rats. Thus, the present findings support the hypothesis
      that levels of CCK within cells of these three sexually dimorphic cell groups are
      regulated by circulating gonadal steroids within a physiologically relevant time
      frame and may possibly contribute to the activation of female reproductive
      behavior as well as other neuroendocrine functions.

PMID- 3362305
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine and ectopic pituitary transplants on pituitary and
      hypothalamic nuclear androgen receptors in the male hamster.
AB  - Nuclear androgen receptors (ARN) were measured in the pituitaries and hypothalami
      of adult male golden hamsters which had been injected with a long-acting
      preparation of bromocriptine or had pituitaries from adult females transplanted
      under the renal capsules. Treatment with bromocriptine markedly reduced pituitary
      ARN and plasma prolactin levels without altering plasma testosterone levels or
      hypothalamic ARN. Ectopic pituitary transplants did not affect ARN in either the
      pituitary or the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that normal rates of
      prolactin synthesis and/or secretion may be required for maintenance of ARN in
      the pituitary of adult male hamsters.

PMID- 3362306
TI  - Absence of steroid-dependent, endogenous opioid peptide suppression of pulsatile
      luteinizing hormone release between diestrus 1 and diestrus 2 in the rat estrous
      cycle.
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine whether the negative feedback action
      of ovarian steroids on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) release in the
      diestrous 1 (D1)-diestrous 2 (D2) interval of the rat estrous cycle is mediated
      by endogenous opioid peptides (EOPs), by examining the pulsatile LH release
      response to naloxone infusions in the presence or absence of D1-D2 levels of
      estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P). As plasma E2 and P levels increased between
      D1 and D2, mean blood LH levels decreased due solely to a decrease in LH pulse
      amplitude as frequency remained stable. However, ovariectomy increased both
      parameters of pulsatile LH release, indicating the effect of loss of ovarian
      steroid-negative feedback in this interval. Replacement of D1-D2 plasma levels of
      E2 and P restored D2 values for both parameters of pulsatile LH release, and E2 +
      P did not alter in vivo pituitary responsiveness to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH).
      In ovariectomized rats lacking the negative feedback provided by E2 + P in this
      cycle interval, continuous infusion of naloxone caused a further dose-dependent
      augmentation in both LH pulse amplitude and frequency. This stimulatory action of
      naloxone was prevented by simultaneous infusion with morphine, and was not
      associated with any change in in vivo pituitary responsiveness to LHRH,
      indicating that this was an action exerted through centrally located EOP
      receptors. Naloxone also increased both parameters of pulsatile LH release in E2
      + P-treated rats. However, the magnitudes of the naloxone-induced increments in
      LH pulse amplitude and frequency in ovariectomized, steroid-treated rats were not
      greater than those seen in ovariectomized, nonsteroid-treated rats given naloxone
      versus saline. In addition, mean values for both parameters of pulsatile LH
      secretion during EOP receptor blockade in steroid-treated rats were reduced when
      compared to values in ovariectomized, nonsteroid-treated rats infused with
      naloxone. Thus the stimulatory effect of naloxone on pulsatile LH release was
      similar in the presence or absence of the negative feedback action of D1-D2
      plasma levels of E2 + P. This indicates that the negative feedback effect of E2 +
      P on pulsatile LH release in this interval is not mediated by EOPs whose actions
      are blocked by naloxone.

PMID- 3362307
TI  - Evidence that the pituitary-adrenal axis does not cross-adapt to stressors:
      comparison to other physiological variables.
AB  - The effects of previous chronic immobilization stress on the physiological
      responses of male rats to a novel chronic stressor (shock) were studied. Previous
      chronic exposure to immobilization reduced adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and lactate
      responses to acute immobilization stress without altering the response to a novel
      acute stressor (tail shock). When subjected to chronic tail shock, body weight
      inhibition caused by chronic shock was greater in the rats not previously exposed
      to chronic immobilization, which suggests that there is cross-adaptation between
      different stressors. However, adrenocorticotropin adaptation to chronic shock was
      impaired by previous chronic immobilization. These data indicate that the
      existence of cross-adaptation to stressors might depend on the variable measured,
      the central nervous system pathways controlling the pituitary-adrenal axis being,
      apparently, resistant to cross-adaptation. This lack of cross-adaptation at
      certain levels can assure the maintenance of an adequate response to unknown
      environmental stimuli.

PMID- 3362308
TI  - Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden. Reduced optimality in
      prepartum, partum and postpartum conditions. A case-control study.
AB  - The optimality concept developed by Prechtl was adopted to investigate a
      population-based series of infantile hydrocephalus (IH). The results were
      compared with those from a control series of newborns. The case series comprised
      128 IH children born at term and 50 born preterm, and the control series 269 and
      176, respectively. Cases with a prenatal cause of IH, as compared with those with
      a perinatal cause and controls, had significantly increased risk of IH by reduced
      optimality in the prepartum period. Peaks in the flow of non-optimal items in the
      prenatal group were repeated abortions or perinatal death in previous
      pregnancies, maternal disorder and twin birth. The profile of reduced optimality
      in term IH cases of undefined cause was similar to that of term cases with a
      prenatal cause. All IH cases had significantly increased reduced optimality in
      the postpartum period compared with controls. The increase was massive in cases
      where IH was of perinatal cause, with peaks in items of acidosis, apnea,
      respiratory treatment, infection and cerebral irritation. Reduced optimality in
      partum conditions did not discriminate between IH of pre- and perinatal cause.
      Reduced optimality in the prepartum, partum and postpartum periods in IH
      children, as compared with those with cerebral palsy syndromes, was nearly
      identical to that of hemiplegic, and significantly lower than that of diplegic
      and dyskinetic, cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3362309
TI  - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita associated with lissencephaly: a case report.
AB  - A child with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and microcephaly is described.
      Cranial CT-scan and MRI showed abnormalities consistent with type I
      lissencephaly. The lissencephaly seems to be the primary cause of the congential
      contractures. Lissencephaly associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
      has to be considered as a special kind of lissencephaly syndrome.

PMID- 3362310
TI  - Neuro-imaging of cerebral visual disturbances in children.
AB  - The present study comprises the neuroradiological examination
      (computertomography++, magnetic resonance imaging) of 26 children--9 of them were
      premature, 16 were full-term and in one patient, no details of the pregnancy were
      known--all suffering from: a) visual disturbance, not caused by ocular disease or
      afflictions of the optic nerve b) infantile encephalopathy The examination
      revealed characteristic lesions of the retrochiasmatic part of the visual system.
      These consisted of white matter abnormalities located periventricularly and just
      below the striate area, and of grey matter abnormalities of the striate cortex.
      The demonstration of these abnormalities may advance the diagnosis of the visual
      handicap and may facilitate early adjustment of developmental stimulation.

PMID- 3362312
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in an unusual presentation of herpes encephalitis.
AB  - We report a patient with herpes simplex virus encephalitis who presented with
      left hemiparesis and progressed to aphasia and generalized spasticity.
      Computerized axial brain tomography with and without infusion of contrast medium
      was normal, as were the cerebrospinal fluid findings. However, magnetic resonance
      imaging scan and brain biopsy, were diagnostic of herpes simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 3362311
TI  - Galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase deficiency in association with cherry red
      spot.
AB  - A 13-month-old white girl was the product of a normal pregnancy and delivered by
      caesarean section for breech presentation. Regression of motor milestones started
      by 11 months, when delayed language development was also noted. She was
      normocephalic without major dysmorphic features or organomegaly. Fundus
      examination disclosed a subtle cherry red spot bilaterally. No startle response
      was elicited. By 17 months she was extremely irritable and unable to tolerate
      liquids; there was symmetrical spasticity and florid cherry red spots. She died
      at 18 months of age. A systematic search for conditions associated with a cherry
      red spot was unrevealing. The absence of galactosylceramide galactosidase
      activity was unexpected and was confirmed on three occasions in two laboratories.
      Lactosylceramide I content, an enzyme thought to be identical to
      galactosylceramide-beta-galactosidase, was significantly decreased. The presence
      of a cherry red spot in Krabbe's disease, indicative of neuronal storage, has not
      been previously recognized. The existence of this variant has implications for
      genetic and biochemical studies.

PMID- 3362313
TI  - Patterns of recurrence in glioma patients after interstitial irradiation and
      chemotherapy: report of three cases.
AB  - Three patients with malignant gliomas who developed dissemination of tumor at the
      time of recurrence are presented. All three patients received combination therapy
      including conventional radiotherapy and interstitial radiation therapy followed
      by systemic BCNU chemotherapy. A review of the literature on the development of
      glioma metastases and an analysis of the possible mechanisms of this uncommon
      growth pattern are presented.

PMID- 3362314
TI  - Local control of recurrent clival and sacral chordoma after interstitial
      irradiation with iodine-125: new techniques for treatment of recurrent or
      unresectable chordomas.
AB  - Using new 125I brachytherapy techniques, we were able to deliver safely a tumor
      volume dose of 16,000 rads to a previous irradiated, large, recurrent sacral
      chordoma by means of the intraoperative interstitial implantation of 229 low
      activity 125I seeds and 40,000 rads to a previously irradiated, small, recurrent
      clival chordoma by means of the transnasal needle implantation of two high
      activity 125I seeds. Iodine-125 brachytherapy was followed by regression of
      tumor, lessening of symptoms, and bony recalcification in both cases.

PMID- 3362315
TI  - Intrathecal nimodipine therapy in a primate model of chronic cerebral vasospasm.
AB  - The safety, prevention, and treatment of chronic vasospasm by repeated
      administration of intrathecally applied nimodipine was evaluated in a primate
      model of chronic cerebral vasospasm. Twenty-four female cynomolgous monkeys were
      randomized into three groups of 8: sham, clot, and clot + intrathecal nimodipine.
      All animals underwent a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induction operative
      procedure after base line angiography. Nimodipine was administered
      postoperatively by subcutaneous injection of 1 ml/0.2 mg tid for 6 days through
      an Ommaya reservoir with the catheter placed in the subarachnoid basal cisterns.
      Angiography was performed on Day 7 post-SAH induction. Intrathecally applied
      nimodipine was not effective in the prevention of angiographic vasospasm. It also
      did not seem to decrease the degree of pathological change when compared to
      controls. One animal in the nimodipine group died 2 hours after an intrathecal
      injection secondary to a respiratory arrest. Transient sedation and
      hypoventilation were common. No adverse pathological effects were noted.
      Intrathecal nimodipine did not produce a significant dilation of vessels in
      moderate or severe spasm when assessed by angiography 2 hours after intrathecal
      injection. Only 1 animal in 8 showed diffuse dilation of vasospastic cerebral
      vessels after an intrathecal nimodipine injection. Three other animals in this
      group developed dilation only of the basilar artery, which was in mild spasm.

PMID- 3362316
TI  - Aneurysm surgery in a community setting.
AB  - A 15-year surgical experience of 34 aneurysms in private practice is reported.
      There was 1 death secondary to postoperative arterial spasm, and 3 patients
      sustained neurological injury. The remaining patients were normal or
      neurologically stable or improved. Although intracranial aneurysm surgery in a
      community setting differs from such surgery in a university setting, it seems
      that similar results can be obtained despite the more limited number of cases
      encountered.

PMID- 3362317
TI  - Petrosal approach for petroclival meningiomas.
AB  - Thirteen patients harboring large petroclival meningiomas are reported. The
      evolution of the petrosal approach is discussed, and modifications for
      improvement in surgical technique are described. There was no mortality in this
      series, and total removal was achieved in all but two patients. Morbidity
      included cranial nerve deficit, pulmonary embolism, and hemiparesis.

PMID- 3362318
TI  - Ambulatory microsurgery for ruptured lumbar discs: report of ten cases.
AB  - Advances in microsurgical techniques combined with a widening interest in same
      day surgery led us to investigate ambulatory lumbar discectomy. We could find no
      precedent in the literature. Ten patients with classic ruptured lumbar discs
      confirmed by computed tomography chose to participate. They were aged 31 to 51,
      seven men and three women, in excellent general health. A microsurgical approach
      through a 25-mm skin incision was performed. The technique emphasized removal of
      sufficient medial facet to allow excision of the disc with minimal or no root
      retraction. Once awake in the recovery room, patients were transferred to a
      separate ambulatory step-down unit. They were discharged only after they had
      voided, ambulated, taken oral nourishment, and been examined by the surgeon. A
      visiting nurse checked the patient at home the evening of operation and the next
      day. All returned to their usual occupation between 3 and 14 days
      postoperatively. All were satisfied and would choose the outpatient program
      again. Our experience indicates that ambulatory lumbar microdiscectomy can be a
      safe, effective option for selected patients.

PMID- 3362319
TI  - Analysis of the traction forces in different skull traction systems.
AB  - During transportation of patients under skull traction, swinging of the weights
      produces acceleration forces that not only can cause pain and discomfort for the
      patient, but also can cause worsening of the cervical fracture or dislocation.
      Skull traction systems also involve friction forces. In a system with one pulley,
      the friction forces were 10 to 21.5% of the weight applied but, in a system with
      three pulleys (Stryker SurgiBed 965), they were as much as 65%. A new spring
      traction device that permits traction during transportation showed better
      physical characteristics than the hanging weight systems.

PMID- 3362320
TI  - Laser or razor? A novel experimental peripheral nerve repair technique.
AB  - An operative repair technique for crushed sciatic nerve in the rat was used to
      examine whether removal of the damaged tissue could be better achieved with a low
      wattage CO2 laser or a blade. This approach was compared to results in rats
      undergoing conventional end-to-end nerve anastomosis using a microsurgical
      approach. Crushed sciatic nerves were exposed bilaterally 24 hours after injury
      and treated as follows. A longitudinally split polyethylene catheter was placed
      under the nerve, which was fixed to the catheter with 9-0 stitches placed away
      from lesion area; the nerve was bathed in ice-cold polyvinyl
      alcohol/chlorpromazine (PVA/CPZ) solution. After the nerve was crushed, the
      lesioned tissue was removed using laser pulses or a thin blade. A collagen matrix
      was used to fill the gap, and the preparation was covered and allowed to recover
      for 6 weeks. End-to-end anastomosis was done following same parameters, but with
      omission of the nerve catheter, PVA/CPZ solution, and collagen matrix; these
      nerves were reunited using epineurial stitches. High performance liquid
      chromotography (HPLC) analysis of each group showed that the laser approach
      reduced the levels of norepinephrine distal to the lesion, least, suggesting
      better regeneration of proximal axonal growth. Morphological and neuroelectric
      findings, although suggestive, showed no significant differences between laser
      and blade repair, a finding that reinforces the idea that such endpoints are not
      as sensitive as chemical assays of tissue transmitter levels such as HPLC. Laser
      or blade repair using nerve-catheter fixation and collagen bridge matrix was
      superior to end-to-end nerve anastomosis when morphological, neuroelectric, and
      HPLC values were compared in this model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362321
TI  - Transvenous balloon occlusion of the cavernous sinus: an alternative therapeutic
      choice for recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas.
AB  - We report a case of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) that recurred some
      9 years after carotid trapping. The recurrent CCF was accompanied by a huge
      aneurysmal dilatation of the cavernous sinus. Transarterial balloon occlusion of
      the proximal internal carotid artery failed to occlude the fistula completely
      because of collateral flow to the fistula. the fistula was completely occluded by
      a transvenous approach via the jugular vein and inferior petrosal sinus using
      detachable balloons. The transjugular-inferior petrosal approach to the cavernous
      sinus can be an alternative for the treatment of traumatic CCF when the
      transarterial approach has failed to occlude the cavernous sinus.

PMID- 3362322
TI  - Computed tomographic diagnosis of ruptured giant posterior cerebral artery
      aneurysms.
AB  - Ruptured giant posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are encountered rarely.
      Although computed tomographic (CT) scan features of giant intracranial aneurysms
      have been described. CT scan features of acutely ruptured giant saccular PCA
      aneurysms have not been reported. A case of an acutely ruptured giant saccular
      PCA aneurysm with diagnostic CT scan features and autopsy confirmation is
      presented. Two additional cases of apoplexy with identical clinical courses and
      CT scan appearances, both attributed to giant saccular PCA aneurysms, are
      described. Diagnostic CT scan features included evidence of intraparenchymal
      temporal lobe and intraventricular hemorrhage, the presence of a filling defect
      in the temporal lobe hematoma that enhanced after intravenous contrast
      administration, and evidence of proximal PCA entrance into the contrast-enhanced
      filling defect in the intracerebral hematoma. The incidence of PCA aneurysms and
      the anatomy of the PCA as it relates to these giant aneurysms, their clinical
      presentation, and diagnostic features of the CT scan are discussed.

PMID- 3362323
TI  - Ruptured aneurysm of the posterior spinal artery of the upper cervical spinal
      cord: case report.
AB  - A case of aneurysm of the posterior spinal artery of the upper cervical spinal
      cord is presented. The patient had severe intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage
      with disturbance of consciousness. Four-vessel angiograms showed neither
      anomalous arrangement of the arteries nor arteriovenous malformation
      intracranially or in the spinal subarachnoid space. Operation disclosed a
      thrombosed aneurysm of the posterior spinal artery, which was radically excised
      and histologically examined.

PMID- 3362324
TI  - Giant aneurysm arising from the anterior cerebral artery and causing an isolated
      homonymous hemianopsia.
AB  - A case of a giant aneurysm arising from the anterior cerebral artery and
      producing a left homonymous hemianopsia is presented. The aneurysm caused lateral
      compression of the posterior part of the optic chiasm. After preoperative dynamic
      assessment of the circle of Willis by angiography and by electroencephalographic
      recording during carotid artery compression, the aneurysm was trapped with
      microclips on the anterior cerebral artery proximal and distal to it. Visual
      field examination 6 months postoperatively showed complete visual field recovery.
      This is the first case of homonymous hemianopsia caused by an angiographically
      proven giant aneurysm of the ACA.

PMID- 3362325
TI  - Partially thrombosed aneurysm presenting as the sudden onset of bitemporal
      hemianopsia.
AB  - A case is presented in which the sudden onset of bitemporal hemianopsia was
      caused by partial thrombosis associated with enlargement of an unruptured
      anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The features of the sequential computed
      tomographic scans resembled those of pituitary apoplexy, reemphasizing the
      necessity for cerebral angiography in preoperative evaluation. The clinical
      significance of the warning signs of cerebral aneurysm during the era of computed
      tomography is discussed.

PMID- 3362326
TI  - Gangliocytoma of the cerebellum: ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry.
AB  - A 31-year-old man presenting with a cerebellopontine angle syndrome underwent
      subtotal resection of a gangliocytoma of the left middle cerebellar peduncle. The
      tumor was positive for 68-kD neurofilament protein and vasoactive intestinal
      peptide. No glial cells were identified on immunohistochemical or ultrastructural
      examination. Electron microscopic study of neoplastic ganglionic cells revealed
      the presence of dense core vesicles, synaptic junctions, Hirano bodies, and
      marked dystrophic changes in the neuritic processes. The nosology of this lesion
      is discussed. Similarities between the morphological changes shown by mature
      neoplastic ganglion cells and comparable structural alterations seen in the
      physiological senescence of nonneoplastic neurons are stressed.

PMID- 3362327
TI  - Carcinoid tumor in a presacral teratoma associated with an anterior sacral
      meningocele: case report and review of the literature.
AB  - We report a case of a presacral teratoma containing a malignant carcinoid
      component associated with an anterior sacral meningocele that presented in a 35
      year-old woman. The clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of these
      rare tumors, of presacral meningoceles, and of the hereditary presacral teratoma
      syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 3362328
TI  - Unusual type of spinal arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - We describe an uncommon type of spinal arteriovenous malformation that is
      intradural rather than dural and that consists of a true fistula rather than a
      nidus of abnormal vessels between the anterior spinal artery and a draining vein.
      Its clinical significance and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3362329
TI  - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic locked-in
      syndrome.
AB  - The first reported case of traumatic locked-in syndrome with computed tomographic
      and magnetic resonance scan confirmation of the brain stem lesion is presented.
      The lesion responsible for the patient's condition consisted of a hemorrhage in
      the ventral pontomedullary junction. The pathophysiology of the production of
      such lesions is discussed.

PMID- 3362330
TI  - Infantile chronic subdural hematoma with local protrusion of the skull in a case
      of osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - Osteogenesis imperfecta with infantile chronic subdural hematoma is extremely
      rare and has not been previously described in the literature. Our patient was a
      baby girl suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta tarda (Type I) who had an acute
      subdural hematoma at birth and who developed a progressive chronic subdural
      hematoma with local protrusion of the overlying skull. She was treated surgically
      with a good result. This rare complication is due to weakness of an
      insufficiently calcified skull, which is peculiar to this disorder of bone and
      connective tissue development.

PMID- 3362331
TI  - Fatal cerebral edema complicating toxic shock syndrome.
AB  - During the course of treatment for toxic shock syndrome, a 19-year-old woman
      developed unexpected fatal neurological complications resulting from massive
      cerebral edema. This is the third such case reported.

PMID- 3362333
TI  - Thrombosis of a giant aneurysm of the basilar artery.
AB  - Thrombosis of a giant aneurysm of the basilar artery appears on computed
      tomographic scan as a well-delineated, prepontine, hyperdense mass.

PMID- 3362332
TI  - New type of end-to-side anastomosis for small arteries: a technical and scanning
      electron microscopic study in rats.
AB  - A new type of end-to-side anastomosis between small arteries is described. The
      anastomosis is made for three-quarters of its circumference with a nonoccluded
      recipient artery. The recipient artery must be occluded for only 3 to 5 minutes
      to complete the anastomosis. The anastomosis site was studied with the scanning
      electron microscope at different times (1 hour to 3 months) after the operation
      in 20 rats. In every case, the anastomosis was widely patent and a gradual
      endothelialization of the anastomosis site was observed. After 7 to 10 days, the
      endothelialization was more or less complete and, during the following weeks, a
      further smoothing of the ridge protruding into the anastomosis was noted. As an
      addendum, the authors describe an improvement of this technique that was
      developed after the sapphire tip of the neodymium: YAG laser became available.
      Now the anastomosis is fully completed and the connection between the two vessels
      is made by the laser tip introduced via a side branch of the donor vessel. The
      recipient artery need not be occluded at all. The results are promising.

PMID- 3362334
TI  - Management of closed head injury patients who "talked and deteriorated".

PMID- 3362335
TI  - Mental imagery and sensory experience in congenital blindness.
AB  - Imagery of congenitally blind and normally sighted subjects was compared in two
      experiments. In the first, subjects were asked to estimate how far away objects
      appeared in images. The results showed that blind subjects imaged objects "within
      arms' reach", and with only a slight tendency to image larger objects farther
      from them. In contrast, sighted subjects tended to image larger objects as if
      they were farther away. In addition, unlike the sighted, blind subjects' images
      also failed to overflow an "image space" of fixed size. Finally, blind subjects
      were, with one exception, unable to mimic successfully the responses of a sighted
      person, when explicitly asked to do so. In the second experiment, subjects
      pointed to the left and right sides of three objects imaged at three distances.
      Sighted and blind groups both showed a decrease in pointing span with the size of
      the object, but only the sighted subjects showed a decrease with increased image
      distance, in accordance with the laws of perspective.

PMID- 3362336
TI  - Event-related potentials and the matching of familiar and unfamiliar faces.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from one midline and three pairs of
      lateral sites while subjects made same/different judgements on sequentially
      presented pairs of familiar or unfamiliar faces. During the interval between the
      first and second face, a slow wave was more negative-going over the right than
      the left hemisphere, particularly when the faces were familiar. Following the
      second face, two regions of the waveforms were more negative-going when this face
      did not match the identity of its predecessor. In the early region (less than 160
      msec), this effect was confined to posterior electrode sites and familiar faces.
      In the later region (greater than 250 msec), the match/non-match effect was
      widespread across the scalp and was evident for both familiar and non-familiar
      faces, although in the latency range 350-450 msec (encompassing the "N400"
      component), it was greater in magnitude in the case of familiar stimuli. It is
      suggested that the slow wave asymmetries reflect the engagement of short-term
      memory mechanisms lateralized to the right hemisphere. The match/non-match
      differences are thought to reflect multiple processes, including the modulation
      of the "N400" component. The sensitivity of this component to the familiarity
      manipulation is consistent with the hypothesis that the amplitude of N400
      reflects an item's compatibility with currently activated memory representations.

PMID- 3362337
TI  - Cued dichotic listening with right-handed, left-handed, bilingual and learning
      disabled children.
AB  - This study used cued dichotic listening to investigate differences in language
      lateralization among right-handed (control), left-handed, bilingual, and learning
      disabled children. A sample of 60 subjects ranging in age from 7-13 yr were
      administered a CVC dichotic paradigm with three experimental conditions (free
      recall, directed left, directed right). A three-factor ANOVA design conducted on
      the data revealed that control, bilingual, and learning-disabled children
      produced the expected REA suggestive of left hemisphere dominance for language
      processing whereas left-handed children produced an LEA suggestive of right
      hemisphere superiority for language processing. The cued attention data derived
      from groups as well as from individual subjects suggested that in comparison with
      control children, left-handed children were greatly susceptible to attentional
      manipulation similar to learning-disabled children only in the opposite
      hemisphere. Bilingual children were found to have a REA much like control
      children although recall accuracy was depressed. Further, lambda (lambda)
      analyses conducted on individual subjects indicated that the magnitude and degree
      of perceptual asymmetry varied widely among individuals of various anomaly
      groups. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that attentional factors
      play a larger role in unilateral processing for some anomalous groups of children
      (i.e. left-handers and learning-disabled) while not affecting others (i.e.
      controls and bilinguals).

PMID- 3362338
TI  - Imagery in a commissurotomized patient.
AB  - A commissurotomized patient, L.B., was tested on several imagery tasks, in which
      the stimuli were flashed tachistoscopically in the left or right visual half
      field. On tests requiring the generation of images of lowercase letters from
      their uppercase versions, or the generation of the positions of the hands on a
      clockface from digitally presented times, there was a strong right half-field
      (left-hemispheric) advantage in accuracy, but a left half-field (right
      hemispheric) advantage in reaction time (RT). On tests requiring the mental
      rotation of letters or stickfigures to the upright, however, there was a strong
      left half-field (right-hemispheric) advantage in accuracy, RT, and conformity of
      RTs to an ideal "mental-rotation" function when plotted against angular
      orientation. These data provide strong evidence that the right hemisphere was
      capable of mental rotation comparable to that of normal subjects; the left
      hemisphere, by contrast, seemed virtually incapable of mental rotation in the
      early testing sessions, and never achieved the proficiency of the right.

PMID- 3362339
TI  - The relationship between auditory sensitivity and ear asymmetry on a dichotic
      listening task.
AB  - Using an adaptive forced-choice procedure, the average absolute sensitivity of
      the right ears of a group of right-handed males was found to be slightly greater
      than that of their left ears. There was no ear difference in performance on a
      monaural syllable-identification task using easily detectable stimuli, however.
      The magnitude of the ear difference in absolute sensitivity was significantly
      correlated with performance on a dichotic-listening task. In a second experiment,
      the adaptive forced-choice procedure was used to assess differences in absolute
      sensitivity in a group of left-handed males. The right ears of those left-handers
      showing a right-ear advantage on the dichotic-listening task were slightly more
      sensitive than their left ears. The left ears of those left-handers showing a
      dichotic left-ear advantage were slightly, but not significantly, more sensitive
      than their right ears. The correlation of the ear differences in absolute
      sensitivity with performance on the dichotic-listening task for the left-handers
      was not significantly different from zero. Results of both experiments are
      discussed in terms of their implications for the nature of hemispheric asymmetry
      of function, and the interpretation of dichotic and monaural asymmetries.

PMID- 3362340
TI  - The role of perceptual reference frames in visual field asymmetries.
AB  - The direct access model of hemispheric asymmetry was tested in a letter
      reflection (normal of reflected) judgement task. In the baseline condition
      letters were presented in their upright orientation, and reaction times were
      faster to letters presented in the right visual field than to those presented in
      the left visual field. In two other conditions the slides, and thus the letters,
      were rotated +90 degrees clockwise (Rotated +90) from upright or -90 degrees
      counterclockwise (Rotated -90). This resulted in the letters in both rotated
      conditions being shown in the upper or lower visual field through the sagittal
      plane but rotated 90 degrees. Despite this fact a "right field" advantage was
      again found when the right field was defined relative to the orientation of the
      tops of the rotated letters (lower visual field in the Rotated +90 condition and
      upper visual field in the Rotated -90 condition). These results demonstrate that
      the internal representation of locations in space is more important in predicting
      visual field asymmetries, at least in the present task, than the field of
      stimulus presentation relative to the fovea.

PMID- 3362341
TI  - The formation of finger grip during prehension in an acallosal patient.
AB  - The grasping behaviour of an acallosal patient is compared with that of a group
      of normals. Video records of the hands of the patient and the normals allowed
      frame by frame analysis of the prehensile movements involved. The normals behaved
      according to the earlier reports by Jeannerod [Behav. Brain Res. 19, 99-116,
      1986; and in Two Hemispheres--One Brain, F. Lepore, M. Ptito and H. H. Jasper
      (Editors), pp. 369-383, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, 1986] with the thumb and
      forefinger closing upon the object to be grasped by the time it was reached. By
      contrast the acallosal did not begin to close the finger and thumb until after
      contact was made with the object. The results are seen as further evidence for
      (a) the enhanced development of uncrossed ipsilateral pathways in acallosals and
      (b) absence in acallosals of the normal inhibitory action of the callosum in
      suppressing such enhanced ipsilateral output which consequently competes with the
      contralateral output controlling the fingers.

PMID- 3362342
TI  - [Difficulty in reading braille caused by a right-sided lesion in a blind
      patient].
AB  - A right-handed woman who became blind at 25 was a good braille reader. After a
      right parieto-occipital brain damage, she developed a braille reading disorder
      which contrasted with a completely normal language. This reading disability
      cannot be analysed in terms of left hemineglect syndrome; rather, it is explained
      in the broader context of the patient's haptic disorders in many others fields.
      This hypothesis is connected to others works which suggest a right hemispheric
      specialization for tactile information processing.

PMID- 3362343
TI  - Deficits of attention in acute and recovered visual hemi-neglect.
AB  - Three patients with right-sided lesions and, in two cases, clinically manifest
      neglect had to compare and to name stimuli presented tachistoscopically either
      bilateral-simultaneously or unilaterally in the LVF and/or RVF. Whereas there was
      no difference between unilateral LVF and RVF presentation, "extinction" of the
      LVF on bilateral stimulation occurred in both the acute and recovered stages.
      This deficit could be compensated by reducing information analysis in the RVF,
      thereby provoking covert shifting of attention to the LVF. The results suggest a
      common mechanism underlying visual neglect and "extinction" with three components
      -two affecting the directionally specific covert orienting and shifting of
      attention and one affecting the directionally non-specific processing of
      information by sequential analysis. The course of recovery is determined by
      improvement in the directionally specific shifting of attention.

PMID- 3362344
TI  - The nature of unilateral neglect in the olfactory sensory system.
AB  - This study investigated two major theories of unilateral neglect utilizing the
      ipsilaterally innervated olfactory sense. The sensory theory states that
      unilateral neglect is due to a diminished or attenuated sensory input. The
      representational theory states that unilateral neglect is due to a disordered
      internal representation, which is not dependent on sensory input. Results of the
      study revealed that right hemisphere lesion patients with left unilateral neglect
      failed to respond to their left contralateral nostril on olfactory double
      simultaneous stimulation, consistent with the representational theory because the
      left nostril has no direct sensory input to the right hemisphere.

PMID- 3362346
TI  - Category and modality specific dissociations in word comprehension and concurrent
      phonological dyslexia.
AB  - A 62-yr-old aphasic patient was found to have a marked auditory comprehension
      deficit for body parts, colors, numbers and letters in the face of excellent
      comprehension for all other word categories and virtually intact reading
      comprehension for all word categories, including those affected by the auditory
      dissociation. A severe impairment in the graphophonemic route for reading was
      also discovered. The case is discussed in the context of category-specific
      dissociations after brain injury and the possible mechanism for failures of body
      part comprehension.

PMID- 3362345
TI  - Recognition memory of item, associative and serial-order information after
      temporal lobectomy for seizure disorder.
AB  - Children, adolescents, and young adults with temporal lobectomy judged the
      context of their encounters with a word (by deciding about its prior occurrence
      or familiarity) and also identified word attributes involving associative content
      and serial order (by indicating word meanings and reconstructing word sequences).
      Laterality of temporal lobectomy was important for identifying familiarity:
      individuals with right-sided temporal lobectomies made better judgements than
      those with left resections about the prior occurrence of target words, with the
      more successful performance depending on enhanced sensitivity to the familiarity
      or non-familiarity of what was heard. Identifying the attributes of an item, as
      contrasted with its prior occurrence, depended on aspects of temporal lobe
      disorder in conjunction with laterality: deficits of brain structure involving
      histopathology and significant tissue loss disrupted content memory; compromised
      brain function resulting from certain post-infantile seizures impaired memory for
      serial order. In the young brain after temporal lobectomy, there exists a
      functional dissociation between judging the familiarity of an event and
      identifying its attributes, a dissociation that depends, not only on laterality
      of surgery, but also on the structural and functional intactness of the residual
      brain.

PMID- 3362347
TI  - The preparation and production of isometric force in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched controls performed an
      isometric force production task, aiming at different target force levels without
      concurrent force feedback. Overall, PD subjects were as accurate as controls in
      attaining the target force levels, but executed the task differently. They had
      longer times to peak force and contraction durations, larger impulses and lower
      rates of force development, and force-time profiles with many more
      irregularities. They also initiated lower force contractions with longer
      latencies, unlike controls. The data suggest that PD subjects are deficient in
      the regulation of force and time parameters, rather than simply in force
      production. The ability to produce peak forces accurately limits the generality
      of previous assertions that PD subjects are heavily dependent on concurrent
      visual feedback.

PMID- 3362348
TI  - Motor functions of the striatum in the rat: critical role of the lateral region
      in tongue and forelimb reaching.
AB  - The findings of this study indicate a critical and selective role of the rat's
      lateral striatum in performance of tongue and forelimb reaching. To test the
      hypothesis of regional specificity of motor control in the striatum, the effects
      of bilateral, ibotenate-induced lesions of either the lateral or the medial
      regions of the striatum on reaching movements of the tongue and the forelimbs
      were examined. Lesions of the lateral striatum caused severe and chronic
      impairments of movement initiation, postural synergisms and amplitude of both
      tongue and forelimb reaches. In contrast, lesions of the medial striatum produced
      mild or no chronic alterations of these motor parameters. These findings support
      the hypothesis of a selective role of the lateral striatum in the initiation and
      execution of reaching movements.

PMID- 3362349
TI  - Correlation between the discharge rate of non-dopamine neurons in substantia
      nigra and ventral tegmental area and the motor activity induced by apomorphine.
AB  - The effects of systemic apomorphine on the discharge rates of non-dopamine
      neurons of the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra were investigated
      in the behaving rat to determine the relationship between the neural responses
      and the motor activity induced by the dopamine agonist. Apomorphine, 3.0 mg/kg,
      induced large increases in motor activity and in the rate of firing of non
      dopamine neurons in both ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. The effects
      were similar in both structures, but only a portion of the non-dopamine neurons
      sampled were sensitive to the dopamine agonist. The motor and unit responses were
      correlated for latencies, magnitude and duration. These effects were dose
      responsive, 0.75 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg inducing smaller behavioral and neural
      responses than 3.0 mg/kg. Apomorphine, 3.0 mg/kg, given to rats pretreated with
      haloperidol, 1.5 mg/kg, 60 min before the recording session, induced smaller
      behavioral and neural responses than in controls. The dopamine agonist given to
      rats in which gross motor activity was prevented through light anesthesia with
      urethan, 600 mg/kg, led to a decrease in the magnitude of the unit response in
      ventral tegmental area, and to a potentiation of the response in substantia
      nigra. In rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of nucleus accumbens given one
      week earlier, apomorphine induced a smaller behavioral response than in controls,
      and differential effects on the neural responses. In ventral tegmental area the
      response was the same as in controls, but in substantia nigra it was blocked.
      These results indicate the presence in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
      area of subpopulations of non-dopamine neurons responding with excitation to
      experimental manipulations that activate dopamine receptors. The dissociation
      between the motor effects of apomorphine and the neural effects in the subjects
      prevented from expressing gross motor activity, and in the lesioned animals,
      indicates that the neural responses were not the result of behavioral feedback.
      And the differential effects of apomorphine in ventral tegmental area and
      substantia nigra in these two groups of subjects suggest that the dopamine motor
      influence, at this brain level, may be fractionated, different groups of non
      dopamine neurons conveying different aspects of the dopamine influence on motor
      activity to premotor neurons. The results, taken together, support the notion
      that non-dopamine efferent neurons in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra
      function as dopamine output neurons, their output being critical for the
      behavioral effects of dopamine agonists.

PMID- 3362350
TI  - Amphetamine-induced increase in motor activity is correlated with higher firing
      rates of non-dopamine neurons in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
AB  - The responses of non-dopamine neurons in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental
      area to systemic amphetamine were investigated in the behaving rat chronically
      implanted with multiple fine-wire electrodes. The neurons were identified with
      electrophysiological criteria requiring that the signals be of biphasic shape,
      short duration (less than 2.0 ms), and show high and regular rates of discharge
      (greater than 20 spikes/s). In recording sessions lasting 240 min, single and
      multiple unit activity was recorded from seven electrodes, and motor activity was
      measured automatically with the open-ended wire technique. The movement counts
      provided an index of gross motor activity, not of the specific movements
      occurring during DA behaviors. D-Amphetamine, 5.0 mg/kg, given by the
      intraperitoneal route at 90 min into the session, induced an increase in motor
      activity and in the firing rate of some non-dopamine neurons. The behavioral and
      neural responses were correlated for magnitude, latencies and duration. But not
      all non-dopamine neurons in ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra showed
      responses to amphetamine. When unit responses were obtained, they were obtained
      in subjects which showed large motor responses. In substantia nigra, responsive
      and non-responsive units were interdigitated and found mainly in the pars
      reticulata subdivision. In the ventral tegmental area, responsive and non
      responsive neurons were interdigitated throughout this structure. The effects of
      amphetamine were dose-responsive, doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/kg inducing
      smaller behavioral and unit responses than 5.0 mg/kg. D-Amphetamine, 5.0 mg/kg,
      was more effective than L-amphetamine, given at the same dose, in inducing these
      changes. In rats pretreated with systemic haloperidol, 1.5 mg/kg, the behavioral
      and neural responses to D-amphetamine, 5.0 mg/kg, were greatly attenuated. In
      rats pretreated with a subanesthetic dose of urethan, 600 mg/kg, to prevent
      changes in gross motor activity, the response to D-amphetamine in ventral
      tegmental area was attenuated, but it was of normal magnitude in substantia
      nigra. In rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions of nucleus accumbens, D
      amphetamine induced a smaller motor response than in controls, but the neural
      responses in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra were the same as in
      controls. These findings support the notion that non-dopamine neurons in ventral
      tegmental area and substantia nigra, pars reticulata, play a role in the motor
      function of the A9 and A10 dopamine neurons, and in the behavioral effects of
      amphetamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3362351
TI  - Reciprocal connections of the insular and piriform claustrum with limbic cortex:
      an anatomical study in the cat.
AB  - The connections of the claustrum with non-isocortical limbic and paralimbic
      cortex in the cat are described, using the anterograde transport of tritiated
      amino acids and the retrograde transport of various fluorescent tracers and of
      horseradish peroxidase conjugated to the lectin wheatgerm agglutinin. It could be
      demonstrated that the claustrum, in addition to its connections with sensory
      related areas, is reciprocally and bilaterally connected with widespread limbic
      and paralimbic cortical regions. These connections are organized such that the
      area of origin of claustral efferents to a certain cortical region coincides with
      the area of termination in the claustrum of afferents from that same cortical
      region. A rostrocaudal topographical organization of the limbic-related
      connections of the claustrum is not very apparent. However, the results clearly
      demonstrate a dorsoventral topographical organization in the connections between
      the claustrum and the cortex. The ventral part of the claustrum has reciprocal
      connections predominantly with the entorhinal cortex, and possibly with the
      anterior olfactory nucleus and the prepiriform cortex. A more dorsally located
      part of the claustrum is preferentially connected with the orbitofrontal, the
      insular, the perirhinal, the anterior limbic, and the cingular cortices, and with
      parts of the subicular complex. The most dorsal portion of the claustrum is more
      heavily connected with parasensory and sensory cortices. It is concluded that the
      traditional subdivision of the claustrum into two discrete nuclei, i.e. the
      insular claustrum connected with the isocortex, and the piriform claustrum or
      endopiriform nucleus connected with the allocortex, does not reflect the actual
      organization of the cortical connections of the claustrum. The present data
      provide a more differentiated view, such that the ventral portion of the
      claustrum is reciprocally connected mainly with the olfactory-related cortices
      and the entorhinal cortex, whereas the cortical connections of progressively more
      dorsal parts of the claustrum gradually shift from limbic and paralimbic towards
      parasensory and sensory cortical connections. The significance of these findings
      is discussed in the light of a possible function of the claustrum in relation to
      corticocortical integration and memory processing.

PMID- 3362352
TI  - Synaptic organization of intracellularly stained CA3 pyramidal neurons in slice
      cultures of rat hippocampus.
AB  - Pyramidal cells of regio inferior in slice cultures of the rat hippocampus were
      impaled and intracellularly stained with horseradish peroxidase. A correlated
      light- and electron-microscopic analysis was then performed to study the
      properties of these neurons under culture conditions with particular emphasis on
      input synapses onto these cells. Like pyramidal cells in situ, CA3 pyramidal
      neurons in slice cultures had a triangular cell body with an apical stem dendrite
      emerging from it. Several basal dendrites and the axon arose from the basal pole
      of the cell body. The peripheral thin branches of both apical and basal dendrites
      were covered with small spines, whereas proximal thick dendritic segments and
      portions of the cell body exhibited large spines or excrescences. The axon gave
      off numerous fine varicose collaterals which projected to stratum radiatum of CA1
      (Schaffer collaterals), to the alveus and to the hilar region. In one case a
      collateral could be followed to stratum moleculare of the fascia dentata.
      Electron-microscopic analysis of the injected pyramidal neurons revealed that
      their cell bodies, dendritic shafts and spines formed synaptic contacts with
      presynaptic terminals. Mossy fiber endings were identified by their large size
      and their numerous clear synaptic vesicles with some dense-core vesicles
      intermingled, and were observed to form synaptic contacts on the large spines or
      excrescences. Since extrinsic afferents degenerate in slice cultures, the
      numerous synaptic boutons on the identified pyramidal neurons probably arise from
      axons of intrinsic neurons that have sprouted in response to deafferentation.
      This assumption is supported by the finding that collaterals of the injected
      neurons formed abundant synaptic contacts on dendritic shafts and spines of other
      cells. These results suggest that, although pyramidal cells under culture
      conditions retain a remarkable number of their normal characteristics,
      considerable synaptic reorganization does take place.

PMID- 3362353
TI  - Precocity and plasticity: odor deprivation and brain development in the precocial
      mouse Acomys cahirinus.
AB  - Altering the early olfactory environment of animals can have dramatic
      consequences on the development of brain regions which subserve olfaction. The
      present study indicates that early odor deprivation has a more severe effect on a
      species which is born relatively mature than it does on related species which are
      not. The results call into question prevailing notions about the developmental
      continuity between animals born in divergent ontogenetic states.

PMID- 3362354
TI  - The distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 changes when dendritic
      growth is induced in rat sympathetic neurons in vitro.
AB  - We have examined the distribution of microtubule-associated protein 2 in
      embryonic rat sympathetic neurons grown under culture conditions that alter
      morphological development. Cultures were established in serum-free medium. After
      8 days some were transferred to a serum-containing medium, which promotes
      dendritic development. Sister cultures were maintained in serum-free medium,
      which inhibits dendritic growth but permits normal axonal development. After
      growth for 2-6 weeks in serum-containing medium, sympathetic neurons were
      multipolar, with short, tapering dendrites and long, thin axons. Intense
      immunoreactivity for microtubule-associated protein 2 was observed in the somata
      and dendrites of all neurons, but there was little or no staining of the network
      of axonal processes that ran between cell somata. When the morphology of
      individual cells was assessed by injection of fluorescent dye before
      immunostaining, we found that staining for microtubule-associated protein 2
      extended to the distal tips of the dendrites while the axon was essentially
      unstained, even in its proximal portion. Neurons from sister cultures that were
      not exposed to serum were usually unipolar, having only an axon. Under these
      conditions microtubule-associated protein 2 was also expressed, but its
      distribution was altered: intense immunostaining for microtubule-associated
      protein 2 was present in axons as well as somata. Staining in axons could
      sometimes be traced for several millimeters, but, since unstained segments of
      axons were also common, microtubule-associated protein 2 probably was not present
      throughout the entire axonal arborization. These results show that the expression
      of microtubule-associated protein 2 is not of itself sufficient to induce the
      formation of dendrites. Despite the association of microtubule-associated protein
      2 with the axonal cytoskeleton, the light microscopic morphology of the axons was
      not obviously altered.

PMID- 3362355
TI  - Autoradiographic studies on the uptake of adenosine and on binding of adenosine
      analogues in neurons and astrocytes of cultured rat cerebellum and spinal cord.
AB  - The cellular localization of the uptake of [3H]adenosine and of binding of
      labelled adenosine analogues was studied in explant cultures of rat cerebellum
      and spinal cord by means of autoradiography. [3H]Adenosine was taken up by many
      neurons and astrocytes in both cerebellar and spinal cord cultures. The uptake of
      adenosine was inhibited in the absence of sodium or at 0 degrees C, suggesting an
      active transport mechanism. In both types of cultures, a great number of neurons
      showed binding sites for the A1-receptor agonist [3H]R-N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine and for the mixed A1/A2-agonist
      [3H]N(ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine. Binding sites for both radioligands were also
      found on astrocytes, suggesting that these cells have receptors for the
      purinergic neurotransmitter adenosine. This suggestion is further supported by
      recent electrophysiological studies from our laboratory demonstrating that
      adenosine and its analogues produce hyperpolarizations of astrocytes which are
      blocked by the adenosine antagonist theophylline.

PMID- 3362356
TI  - Control of number and distribution of synapses during ectopic synapse formation
      in adult rat soleus muscles.
AB  - Changes in the number and distribution of synaptic inputs and acetylcholine
      receptor clusters were studied during the formation of ectopic nerve-muscle
      junctions between the transplanted fibular nerve and the denervated soleus muscle
      of adult rats. The tibial nerve was cut 3 weeks after implanting the fibular
      nerve. New sites of transmission were first detected 3 days after the cut. These
      sites were located electrophysiologically, marked by dye and found to coincide
      with clusters of acetylcholine receptors. There were no ectopic clusters away
      from fibular nerve sprouts and no clusters on muscles which had not been
      denervated. Three days after cutting the tibial nerve, the acetylcholine receptor
      clusters, and probably also the sites of transmission, were randomly distributed
      along individual muscle fibres. Six days after the cut, the clusters continued to
      be randomly distributed whereas the synaptic inputs were either close together
      (within 300 microns) or more than 600 microns apart. Two weeks later the spatial
      distributions of both clusters and inputs were similar with peaks around 100-300
      microns, 1200-1400 microns and 2000-2600 microns. No ectopic clusters were closer
      than 0.5 mm to the original endplate. We conclude that nerve-muscle contacts and
      associated acetylcholine receptor clusters initially form at random. One or a few
      of these contacts develop further and, as a result, the surrounding regions
      undergo changes that prevent the contacts initially formed there from being
      maintained. Apparently, in this preparation, approximately 1.5 mm length of fibre
      is needed to support the maturation and maintenance of each ectopic endplate
      (mean length 111 micron).

PMID- 3362357
TI  - Cranial components of startle behavior in larval and adult lampreys.
AB  - Larval lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) exhibit a combination of cranial reflexes
      during their vibration-evoked startle response, including strong contractions of
      the gill chamber, velum and oral hood. These reflexes were confirmed by applying
      brief vibratory stimuli to an otic capsule and recording movement and
      electromyograms in moving preparations and efferent cranial nerve activity in
      curarized preparations. Vibration elicited efferent discharge in cranial nerves
      V, IX and X on both sides. The responses were lost following labyrinthectomy. The
      larval startle response results in water from the contracting gill chamber being
      expelled through the mouth and temporarily reduces head width. Reduced head width
      may facilitate the rapid withdrawal which is observed during startle behavior in
      burrowed larvae [S. Currie (1985) Neurosci. Abstr. 11, 268; S. Currie and R. C.
      Carlsen J. exp. Biol. (in Press)]. Adult lampreys (Entosphenus tridentata)
      attached to the wall of an aquarium by their suctorial disc, exhibited a brief
      but intense suction increase following a vibratory stimulus initiated by a tap to
      the aquarium wall. Oral suction (negative pressure) ranged from -0.6 to -10 cm
      H2O at rest and increased to values as high as -160 cm H2O during the vibration
      response. Suction intensity increased in direct proportion to the amplitude of
      the vibratory stimulus. Most of the suction response was lost following
      labyrinthectomy. Electromyographic recordings from the pharyngeal dilator m.
      basilaris and the lingual retractor m. cardioapicalis revealed stimulus-locked
      activity which preceded increased suction in adults, however, no vibration-evoked
      electromyogram responses were noted while recording from the gill chamber
      musculature or funnel. Stimulus-locked efferent activity was observed in the V
      basilaris and V-apicalis branches of both trigeminal nerves following vibration
      of an otic capsule. Efferent vibration-evoked activity was lost in the trigeminal
      nerve after labyrinthectomy. No vibration-evoked activity was observed in nerves
      IX or X. Sudden vibration evoked dramatically different responses in larval and
      adult lampreys. Larvae contracted their gill chambers and expelled water from
      their mouths while adults exhibited a powerful suction reflex and no gill
      contraction. The trigeminal components of these behaviors (including velum and
      oral hood movement in larvae, pharynx and apicalis movement in adults) are
      difficult to compare. All of the larval trigeminal muscles degenerate during
      metamorphosis and are replaced by new adult muscles [M. W. Hardisty and C. M.
      Rovainen (1982) In The Biology of Lampreys, Vol. 4A. Academic Press,
      London].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3362358
TI  - Reflex modulation of phrenic activity through hindlimb passive motion in
      decorticate and spinal rabbit preparation.
AB  - The neurogenic effect of passive hindlimb movement on phrenic nerve discharge was
      compared in decorticate unanaesthetized and curarized rabbit preparations prior
      to and after spinal transection. The question of how and where sensory
      information has access to the central respiratory network was addressed in each
      case. All passive motions, performed using a mechanical device, were of constant
      amplitude in a given preparation. The results clearly differed in decorticate and
      spinal preparations. In the decorticate vagotomized preparation, periodic passive
      motions led to an immediate shortening of the respiratory period which lasted
      throughout the periodic stimulation and stopped with its cessation; it did not
      depend on the frequency of the natural stimulation and was entirely due to a 20%
      shortening of the expiration time. Maintained full flexion or full extension both
      induced the same expiration time shortening, but limited to the first two to
      three respiratory cycles after onset and interruption of stimulation. After
      spinal transection at the C2 level, and moderate activation with DOPA, no phrenic
      activity developed in the absence of proprioceptive stimulation. Periodic
      hindlimb movements evoked simultaneous large bursts in both phrenic nerves during
      each extension; a 1:1 coordination of phrenic activity with the external imposed
      period (P) was observed for various P values. A strong phrenic activation could
      also be elicited through maintained full hindlimb extension but not through full
      flexion: this activation appeared as rhythmic discharge as long as extension was
      maintained. It is concluded that proprioceptive inputs act upon the medullary
      respiration generator and reset its own rhythm whereas, at the spinal level, they
      elicit an amplitude modulation at phrenic motoneuronal level without acting upon
      the rate of the spinal "respiration" generator itself; on the same phrenic
      motoneurons, a subthreshold central activation added to a subthreshold
      proprioceptive activation probably accounts for the phrenic bursting during
      maintained extension. Finally, the proprioceptive control from the hindlimb on
      phrenic activity is processed at different sites of the central respiratory
      network at medullary and at spinal level, and may depend on different input
      signals.

PMID- 3362359
TI  - The subclavian steal phenomenon: a common vascular disorder with rare neurologic
      deficits.
AB  - Three hundred twenty-four patients with reversed vertebral artery blood flow were
      reviewed for cerebrovascular events. Neither the presence nor the type of
      vertebral artery steal (permanent, n = 204; intermediate, n = 120) determined
      neurologic symptoms, which rather were related to coincidental carotid
      obstructions or abnormal flow velocity patterns in the basilar artery. Most
      patients (n = 209; 64%) had no neurologic symptoms. Hemispheric events (n = 99;
      31%) occurred most frequently in patients with additional carotid lesions and
      nonhemispheric events in a few patients (n = 16; 5%) often with bilateral
      vertebral steal. Intracranial Doppler studies from the vertebral and basilar
      arteries excluded spontaneous retrograde basilar artery perfusion in any of a
      subgroup of 50 patients examined in addition. Thus, blood flow reversal in
      extracranial arteries is a marker for atherosclerotic vascular disease in
      general, rather than an indicator of a patient's risk to develop cerebrovascular
      events from hemodynamic insufficiency in the territory affected. Surgical
      treatment is discouraged for most patients with this benign flow abnormality.

PMID- 3362360
TI  - How transient are transient ischemic attacks?
AB  - Information on 1,343 hospitalized patients in the Cornell Neurology Database with
      final diagnoses of transient ischemic attacks (TIA), reversible ischemic
      neurologic deficits (RIND), or ischemic stroke was examined in order to determine
      the duration of ischemic deficits. Episodes resolved within the first 24 hours
      (classic definition of TIA) in 382 of the patients (28.4%) and between days 1 and
      7 (consistent with RIND) in 34 (2.5%). In 191 of the 382 patients with
      traditionally-defined TIAs (50.0%), episodes lasted less than 30 minutes, and in
      another 37 (9.7%), from 30 to 60 minutes. Of 1,115 patients with deficits lasting
      at least 60 minutes, only 154 (13.8%) resolved within 24 hours and could thus be
      considered to have had a TIA. Resolution within the next hour occurred in only 39
      of 1,152 patients (3.4%) with a deficit at 30 minutes, 21 of 1,115 patients
      (1.9%) with a deficit at 60 minutes, 19 of 1,113 patients (1.7%) with a deficit
      at 90 minutes, and 16 of 1,094 patients (1.5%) with a deficit at 120 minutes. The
      data suggest that as currently managed, patients with a deficit persisting at
      least 60 minutes have less than a 2% chance of resolving spontaneously during any
      subsequent 1-hour period. Rapid resolution after instituting a new treatment in
      relatively few additional patients would suggest a therapeutic effect, even in a
      nonrandomized trial.

PMID- 3362361
TI  - The course of transient ischemic attacks.
AB  - Seventy-eight patients admitted with their first cerebrovascular episode of
      presumed ischemic origin were evaluated during the first 24 hours to decide
      whether the differential diagnosis of stroke versus transient ischemic attacks
      (TIAs) could be made earlier than after 24 hours, if the initial degree of
      neurologic deficit and the persistence of symptoms beyond a certain limit of time
      were taken into account. Within 1 hour, 50% of TIA cases had recovered, and 90%
      had recovered within 4 hours. Neurologic deficit graded by a score at onset was
      significantly less in TIA patients than in stroke patients. We concluded that
      persistence of symptoms beyond a few hours and to a lesser extent the severity of
      symptoms at onset or at admission give a reliable indication of the diagnosis.

PMID- 3362362
TI  - Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: comparison of speech and language
      alterations.
AB  - Speech and language alterations were assessed in 51 patients with Parkinson's
      disease (PD) and 10 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Thirty
      five of the PD patients had no evidence of intellectual impairment on a
      conventional mental status questionnaire and 16 of the PD patients had dementia
      syndromes of comparable severity to the DAT patients. DAT produced significantly
      greater language disturbances, including anomia, decreased information content of
      spontaneous speech, and diminished word list generation. PD patients had
      significantly decreased phrase length, impaired speech melody, dysarthria, and
      agraphia. The results suggest that the dementia of PD is distinguishable from
      that of DAT:PD patients have prominent motor speech abnormalities, whereas DAT
      patients exhibit more profound language alterations.

PMID- 3362363
TI  - Intact recognition of facial expression, gender, and age in patients with
      impaired recognition of face identity.
AB  - We conducted a series of experiments to assess the ability to recognize the
      meaning of facial expressions, gender, and age in four patients with severe
      impairments of the recognition of facial identity. In three patients the
      recognition of face identity could be dissociated from that of facial expression,
      age, and gender. In one, all forms of face recognition were impaired. Thus, a
      given lesion may preclude one type of recognition but not another. We conclude
      that (1) the cognitive demands posed by different forms of recognition are met at
      different processing levels, and (2) different levels depend on different neural
      substrates.

PMID- 3362364
TI  - MRI demonstrates descending transtentorial herniation.
AB  - Descending cerebral transtentorial herniation (DTH) is a serious and often fatal
      complication of intracranial mass lesions. The condition can be inferred from
      clinical neurologic signs, but has not been visualized during life. Using
      midsagittal magnetic resonance images (MRIs), we compared vertical brainstem
      position on 50 images from normals and 21 images from 15 clinically stable
      patients with large supratentorial tumors. The length of Twining's line (T), the
      perpendicular distance from T to the pontomesencephalic junction (T-PMJ), and
      from T to the apex of the midbrain aqueduct (T-A) were measured. We also measured
      lateral shifts of the diencephalon and midbrain on axial images. T-PMJ decreased
      from 2.04 +/- 0.06 mm in normals to 0.94 +/- 0.2 mm in patients with large
      cerebral tumors (p less than 0.0001). Similarly, T-A decreased from 6.35 +/- 0.13
      mm in normals to 4.83 +/- 0.35 mm in patients (p = 0.001). Lateral diencephalic
      midbrain shifts often accompanied DTH but to an unpredictable degree. Either
      lateral or downward brainstem shift could occur alone and did not necessarily
      produce specific neurologic signs or an altered state of consciousness. Anatomic
      DTH occurs in life, it can be quantified with MRI, and in slowly developing
      cerebral mass lesions the process can precede the appearance of neurologic signs
      and symptoms that indicate lower-diencephalic or midbrain dysfunction.

PMID- 3362365
TI  - Pathology in brainstem regions of individuals with primary dystonia.
AB  - Examination of brains from four individuals with the clinical diagnosis of
      primary dystonia revealed histopathologic abnormalities in two cases. A 29-year
      old man with a 15-year history of dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD) had
      numerous neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and mild neuronal loss within the locus
      ceruleus; occasional NFT were also recognized in the substantia nigra pars
      compacta, pedunculopontine nucleus, and dorsal raphe nucleus. A 68-year-old man
      with a 35-year history of Meige syndrome had moderate-to-severe neuronal loss in
      several brainstem nuclei, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus
      ceruleus, raphe nuclei, and pedunculopontine nucleus. Infrequent NFT were also
      noted in substantia nigra. An examination of these and other brain regions in a
      10-year-old boy with a 6-year history of DMD and a 50-year-old woman with a 3
      year history of spasmodic torticollis did not disclose similar abnormalities.

PMID- 3362366
TI  - Response to brief levodopa infusions in parkinsonian patients with and without
      motor fluctuations.
AB  - The fluctuating response to levodopa may result from progressive loss of striatal
      dopamine terminals and consequently increasingly impaired dopamine storage
      capacity. This hypothesis predicts that the acute response to levodopa would
      shorten with increasing disease severity. To test this, we compared the duration
      of improvement in tapping and walking speeds following discontinuation of 2-hour
      levodopa infusions in nine previously untreated (UT), seven stable (ST), and 17
      fluctuating (FL) subjects. Mean Hoehn and Yahr disability in the morning prior to
      levodopa infusion was 2.8, 2.2, and 4.4 for UT, ST, and FL subjects. Six of nine
      UT, six of seven ST, and all FL subjects exhibited improvement with the
      infusions, which produced similar peak plasma levodopa levels in all groups. The
      duration of the response was similar in the ST and FL groups. The response in the
      UT group was heterogeneous; in three, the response was of similar length as
      compared with the ST and FL groups, but was longer in the other three UT
      subjects. The correlation between disease severity and response duration was
      poor. The ST and FL groups, while differing in disease severity, exhibited a
      similar duration of response to levodopa infusion. This does not support a
      reduced dopamine "storage capacity" as the sole explanation for the length of the
      short-duration response. Furthermore, motor fluctuations appear to be present
      from early in treatment, but only become noticeable when "off" disability becomes
      marked.

PMID- 3362367
TI  - Speech and language alterations in multi-infarct dementia.
AB  - Speech and language functions were assessed in 18 patients with multi-infarct
      dementia (MID) and 14 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). The age range
      and dementia severity of the two groups were comparable. We used a speech and
      language battery assessing 37 elements of verbal output to characterize
      alterations in the patients. MID patients had more abnormalities of motor aspects
      of speech, whereas DAT patients had empty speech, more marked anomia, and
      relative sparing of motor speech functions. The results demonstrate that speech
      and language differ in MID and DAT. In addition, MID patients exhibited common
      clinical features despite the heterogeneity of the syndrome.

PMID- 3362368
TI  - Reductions in [3H]nicotinic acetylcholine binding in Alzheimer's disease and
      Parkinson's disease: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), dysfunction in the
      basal forebrain cholinergic system is accompanied by a consistent loss of
      presynaptic cholinergic markers in cortex, but changes in cholinergic receptor
      binding sites are poorly understood. In the present study, we used receptor
      autoradiography to map the distribution of nicotinic [3H]acetylcholine binding
      sites in cortices of individuals with AD and PD and matched control subjects. In
      both diseases, a profound loss of nicotinic receptors occurs in all cortical
      layers, particularly the deepest layers.

PMID- 3362369
TI  - Steroid-induced CT changes in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.
AB  - The magnitude and time course of steroid-induced CT changes were analyzed in 11
      patients with recurrent malignant glioma. CTs were obtained before and at regular
      intervals after starting dexamethasone (16 mg/d). Midline shift, ventricular
      compression, edema, enhancement intensity, and the size of the enhancing mass
      often improved with steroid treatment. Improvement occurred within 2 weeks in
      most instances. Changes in the volume of the enhancing tumor were assessed
      quantitatively in eight patients. In six, the mass was smaller after 2 weeks of
      steroid therapy, and in two the reduction approached 50%. Steroid-induced CT
      changes can mimic treatment responses. If steroids are necessary for symptom
      control, patients should be taking these medications for 2 weeks before a
      baseline CT is obtained and investigational treatment started.

PMID- 3362370
TI  - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Parsis of Bombay.
AB  - We carried out a door-to-door-survey to screen a community of 14,010 people
      (Parsis living in colonies in Bombay, India) for possible neurologic diseases,
      and used defined diagnostic criteria to evaluate people who tested positive on
      the screening survey. There were three clinically definite cases of multiple
      sclerosis (21/100,000). This is the first prevalence survey for multiple
      sclerosis in a large developing country.

PMID- 3362371
TI  - Eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts: a report of 16 cases, 1970-1984.
AB  - We studied the case records of 16 patients with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
      in Massachusetts from 1970 to 1984 and compared their presentations, courses, and
      outcomes with the data available from previous epidemics. In recent years, there
      has been a greater frequency of EEE in adults, whereas in the past it was
      considered a disease of children. Also, prognosis for a good functional recovery
      seems to be correlated with age over 40 years, a long prodromal course (5 to 7
      days) of constitutional symptoms, and the absence of coma. Previous reports did
      not mention these significant correlations. We also stress the positive and
      negative diagnostic correlations, in order to distinguish between EEE and herpes
      simplex encephalitis.

PMID- 3362372
TI  - Effect of vigabatrin on epilepsy in mentally retarded patients: a 7-month follow
      up study.
AB  - We studied the antiepileptic potency of vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA, GVG) as an
      open trial in a group of 36 mentally handicapped patients with drug-resistant
      epilepsy (30 had seizures of partial onset and 6 had primary generalized [PG]
      tonic-clonic convulsions). With this treatment, 13 (43%) of the patients with
      seizures of partial onset and 2 (33%) with PG had more than 50% reduction in
      seizure frequency. The antiepileptic effect appeared during the first month of
      therapy and continued throughout the 7-month study. The side effects were mild:
      tiredness, aggressiveness, and ataxia. Other antiepileptic drugs remained at
      baseline levels during GVG therapy. GVG did not alter EEG recordings. Our results
      suggest that GVG is effective for treatment of intractable epilepsy, especially
      the partial type, in mentally retarded patients. Longer follow-up is needed,
      however, to determine that the clinical effect is maintained and that no severe
      side effects appear.

PMID- 3362373
TI  - MELAS syndrome: characteristic migrainous and epileptic features and maternal
      transmission.
AB  - Severe prolonged migrainous symptoms and prolonged partial status epilepticus are
      characteristic features of the MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,
      lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). Maternal transmission previously
      found in myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibers (MERRF), another mitochondrial
      disease, is suggested in this disorder as well.

PMID- 3362374
TI  - Massive carbamazepine overdose: clinical and pharmacologic observations in five
      episodes.
AB  - We report five episodes of carbamazepine (CBZ) intoxication in four patients.
      Clinically, there were four distinct stages: I--coma, seizures (CBZ levels more
      than 25 micrograms/ml [105 mumol/l]); II--combativeness, hallucinations,
      choreiform movements (15 to 25 micrograms/ml [65 to 105 mumol/l]); III-
      drowsiness, ataxia (11 to 15 micrograms/ml [45 to 65 mumol/l]); and IV-
      potentially catastrophic relapse (less than 11 micrograms/ml [45 mumol/l]).
      Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a prolongation of the CBZ half-life, elevation
      of the CBZ-epoxide/CBZ ratio, and emergence of CBZ-epoxide as a significant toxic
      metabolite. A treatment approach is proposed including repeated gastric lavage,
      detection of an insoluble tablet coagulum, electrolyte monitoring, avoidance of
      cathartics, and treatment of seizures with diazepam and phenytoin.

PMID- 3362375
TI  - Etiology and prognosis of alpha coma.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with alpha coma, the finding of predominantly alpha
      frequency rhythms in the EEGs of unconscious patients, and identified 50
      patients. Cardiac arrest, either inside (n = 25) or outside (n = 24) the
      hospital, was the cause of unconsciousness in all except one patient who had
      hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar coma. After out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the risk
      of never regaining consciousness or dying during hospitalization did not differ
      significantly between unconscious patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 69)
      alpha frequencies in their EEGs. A review of the literature supports our findings
      that alpha coma most commonly follows cardiac arrest and does not preclude the
      possibility of neurologic recovery. We conclude that alpha coma is a descriptive
      term and lacks prognostic significance in itself.

PMID- 3362376
TI  - The magnetic field of epileptic spikes agrees with intracranial localizations in
      complex partial epilepsy.
AB  - The magnetoencephalogram (MEG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were measured
      during interictal epileptic spikes in nine patients with complex partial
      seizures. The MEG localization estimates were compared with localizations by
      intraoperative cortical electrodes, subdural electrodes, stereotaxic depth
      electrodes, anatomic imaging, postoperative pathologic analysis, and
      postoperative follow-up. In all patients, MEG localization estimates were in the
      same lobe as the epileptic focus determined by invasive methods and EEG. In two
      patients, it was possible to quantify precisely the accuracy of MEG localization
      by mapping a spike focus that was visually indistinguishable on MEG and cortical
      recordings. In both patients, MEG localization was approximately 12 mm from the
      center of the cortical spike focus on intracranial recordings. In eight patients,
      MEG showed tangential dipolar field patterns on the spontaneous record, but EEG
      did not. In one patient, a cortical epileptic discharge was detected only on MEG
      for some discharges and only on EEG for other discharges. The MEG did not detect
      deep spikes with present levels of environmental noise.

PMID- 3362377
TI  - Risk of dementia in relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Using a family history questionnaire, we investigated the occurrence of dementia
      among relatives of patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
      and among the relatives of age-matched control subjects. Cumulative lifetime risk
      of developing AD-type dementia was greater among relatives of AD probands and was
      consistent with an autosomal dominant genetic mode of transmission. Although the
      lifetime risk of AD-type dementia was similar among relatives of early-onset and
      late-onset AD probands, relatives of early-onset probands tended to have an
      earlier onset of dementia than did relatives of late-onset AD probands. This
      result raises the possibility that age at onset of dementia in AD may be
      genetically determined.

PMID- 3362378
TI  - Dissociated weakness of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles with lesions in
      the CNS.
AB  - We describe three patients with lesions in the CNS that produced dissociated
      weakness of trapezius (TM) and sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM). One patient
      with a right cerebral hemisphere lesion had left TM weakness and right SCM
      weakness. A second, with a brainstem lesion, and a third, with a high cervical
      cord lesion, had TM weakness with preserved SCM strength. We discuss the findings
      according to the known neuroanatomy.

PMID- 3362380
TI  - Localization of callosal auditory pathways: a CT case study.
AB  - The position of the auditory pathways in the human corpus callosum has not been
      defined by modern imaging techniques. We report a case with a discrete
      hemorrhagic lesion in the posterior body of the corpus callosum. The only signs
      of disturbed callosal function were limited to the auditory system--suppression
      of left ear stimuli with dichotic listening and neglect of left-sided auditory
      simultaneous stimuli.

PMID- 3362379
TI  - Ischemic thalamic aphasia with pathologic confirmation.
AB  - Review of clinical and autopsy records at the New York Hospital revealed a
      patient with aphasia and right hemiparesis due to a pathologically confirmed 1- X
      2-cm ischemic thalamic infarct. This is the only pathologically verified case of
      aphasia resulting from an infarct limited to the thalamus, and provides further
      evidence that lesions confined to subcortical structures are capable of affecting
      language function.

PMID- 3362381
TI  - Vanishing cerebrovascular disease of pregnancy.
AB  - A woman developed TIAs in the last days of her pregnancy. Angiography revealed
      partial obstruction of the left middle cerebral artery. Following delivery and
      anticoagulation her symptoms abated. Angiography 11 weeks later revealed
      resolution of the obstruction. We propose that this intrinsic vascular lesion was
      secondary to reversible intimal hyperplasia brought on by reproductive steroids.

PMID- 3362382
TI  - Attention deficit disorder in children: a neglect syndrome?
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that children with attention deficit disorder
      (ADD) resemble adults with inattention and neglect secondary to right hemisphere
      dysfunction. A letter cancellation task was administered to seven boys with ADD
      and five controls. As a group, the subjects with ADD made significantly more
      overall errors of omission and left-sided errors than controls, suggesting that
      they resemble adults with right hemisphere dysfunction.

PMID- 3362383
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in myotonia congenita.
AB  - We report a family in which two sisters with myotonia congenita (MyC) were
      referred for malignant hyperthermia (MH) evaluation after each developed muscle
      rigidity with anesthesia. Halothane contracture testing of skeletal muscle in
      both was consistent with MH susceptibility. A third sister without clinical
      evidence of MyC was negative on contracture testing. These results suggest an
      association between MyC and MH susceptibility.

PMID- 3362385
TI  - Ictal perseveration?

PMID- 3362384
TI  - Antibody production by blood lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis: reduction in
      disease of long duration.
AB  - We measured acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchR Ab) and IgG secreted in vitro
      by blood lymphocytes from myasthenia gravis patients and controls. Eleven of 20
      patients secreted AchR Ab. Controls did not secrete AchR Ab. IgG secretion was
      lower in patients who were nonsecretors of AchR Ab (351 +/- 127 ng/ml/10 days)
      than in secretors (3,563 +/- 949) and both groups differed from controls (1,305
      +/- 353). Absence of secretion of AchR Ab and low IgG secretion correlated with
      long disease duration. The data suggest that nonspecific suppression of B cell
      mediated immune function may occur in long-standing myasthenia gravis.

PMID- 3362386
TI  - Adrenoleukodystrophy: VLCFAs in erythrocytes.

PMID- 3362387
TI  - Outcome after lateral medullary infarct.

PMID- 3362388
TI  - [Precaval and preaortic lymph node excision in surgical therapy of cancer of the
      rectum].

PMID- 3362390
TI  - [Our experience in the therapy of ventral hernias].

PMID- 3362389
TI  - [Mechanical sutures with the E.E.A. stapler: proposal for the modification of
      cartridges based on our experience].

PMID- 3362391
TI  - [Transendoscopic esophageal manometry. Preliminary experience].

PMID- 3362392
TI  - [Evaluation of the cellular and humoral immune response in patients with cancer
      of the esophagus. Preliminary results in 18 cases].

PMID- 3362393
TI  - [The action of defibrotide in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis].

PMID- 3362394
TI  - [Emergency total gastrectomy with reconstruction by the Moricca method].

PMID- 3362395
TI  - [Intracolonic bypass. A new method for the prevention of anastomotic dehiscence
      after colorectal resection].

PMID- 3362396
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in pancreatic injuries. Clinical contribution].

PMID- 3362397
TI  - [Hernia caused by the agenesis of the right diaphragmatic cupula as a cause of
      intestinal occlusion. Personal cases].

PMID- 3362398
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies].

PMID- 3362399
TI  - [Primary hyperthyroidism associated with multinodular goiter. Considerations on a
      clinical case].

PMID- 3362400
TI  - [Evaluation of several parameters of coagulation in liver cirrhosis: disseminated
      intravascular coagulation or pseudo-disseminated intravascular coagulation?].
AB  - Reports in the literature on the difficulty of differential diagnosis between
      Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Pseudo-DIC and Primary Fibrinolysis
      (PF) in patients with liver disease, stimulated a study of various coagulation
      parameters (PT, PTT, Platelets, Fibrinogen, FDP) in 28 cirrhotic patients. The
      study confirmed reports in the literature on the high incidence of circulating
      FDP among liver disease patients. The vital role these play in maintaining
      alterations in haemostasis means that cirrhosis cases must be approached with
      extreme caution, avoiding any therapeutic or instrumental procedure liable to
      worsen the already disturbed coagulation pattern in such patients.

PMID- 3362401
TI  - [Environmental contamination by iodine-131 and cancer of the thyroid gland].
AB  - The biological effects of cosmic rays and ionising radiations on man are
      described. Particular attention is paid to the consequences of the environmental
      pollution caused by the Chernobyl accident and the relationship between I131
      radiation and thyroid tumours is analysed.

PMID- 3362402
TI  - [Our experience with a combination of rifampicin and minocycline in the therapy
      of brucellosis].
AB  - After a brief review of the literature on the treatment of brucellosis the
      results obtained with a new protocol (Rifampicin + Minocycline for 20 days) are
      reported. The combination was well-tolerated and undeniably effective producing a
      94% cure rate.

PMID- 3362403
TI  - A morphological evidence for monosynaptic projections from the nucleus tegmenti
      pedunculopontinus pars compacta (TPC) to nigrostriatal projection neurons.
AB  - Electrolytic lesion was placed in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars
      compacta (TPC) in cats, which were injected simultaneously with horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) into the caudate nucleus (Cd). After a survival period of 4
      days, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) was examined electron
      microscopically. Degenerating axon terminals were found to make asymmetric
      synaptic contacts on dendrites of SNC neurons which were retrogradely labeled
      with HRP. Thus, TPC neurons were indicated to project monosynaptically to SNC
      neurons which sent their axons to the Cd.

PMID- 3362404
TI  - Tetrahydroisoquinoline lacks dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurotoxicity in mice.
AB  - 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) has been reported to occur in human brain,
      with its content being 10-fold higher in the brain of a patient with Parkinson's
      disease (PD) than in that of a control subject. This congener of the neurotoxin 1
      methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) could be formed in brain by the
      condensation of phenylethylamine with metabolically formed formaldehyde.
      Phenylethylamine contents are greatly increased in the tissues of untreated
      patients with phenylketonuria. We injected C57 black mice repeatedly with maximal
      tolerated doses of TIQ, but later found no reduction in the contents of dopamine
      and its metabolites in their striata. We doubt that TIQ is a cause of PD,
      especially since the disorder has not been reported to occur in elderly patients
      with phenylketonuria.

PMID- 3362405
TI  - Effects of 4-acetylpyridine on stress ulcer formation in mice.
AB  - 4-Acetylpyridine, earlier reported by us to be an anticonvulsant, offers long
      lasting protection after a single administration against hypothermic restraint
      stress-induced gastric ulceration in mice. Electroshock convulsions, marginally
      but not significantly protective against such ulcers themselves, when coupled
      with 4-acetylpyridine administration fully prevented gastric ulcers from
      occurring in this murine model of experimentally induced stress.

PMID- 3362406
TI  - Evidence against major compartmentalization of H+ in ischemic rat brain tissue.
AB  - Ischemia leads to intracellular acidosis, the severity of which depends on the
      availability of glucose for production of lactate and H+. It has been suggested
      that major compartmentalization of H+ occurs, with glial cells becoming much more
      acidotic than neurons. Since this issue is of crucial importance for the
      understanding of mechanisms of ischemic brain damage, we induced complete
      ischemia by decapitation in hypo-, normo- and hyperglycemic awake rats, yielding
      brain tissue lactate contents varying between 4 and 27 mumol/g. Using phosphorus
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) we explored whether a splitting of the
      phosphorus peak occurred as a reflection of compartmentalization. Forebrains were
      put in NMR tubes and spectra obtained 15 min after decapitation. Since no such
      splitting was observed, we conclude that major compartmentalization does not
      occur in ischemia at the degrees of lactic acidosis studied.

PMID- 3362407
TI  - Secretion of prolactin in response to serotonin requires an intact hypothalamo
      pituitary axis in the ewe.
AB  - The effects of prolactin secretion and the subsequent site of action of serotonin
      (5-HT) were examined in ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary intact (HP-intact)
      and ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) ewes. The
      administration of 5 mg per animal of 5-HT increased plasma prolactin
      concentrations within 20 min by 2- to 3-fold in HP-intact ewes, but had no effect
      in HPD ewes. Injection of vehicle (saline) did not alter plasma prolactin
      concentrations in either group. These data indicate that 5-HT is involved in the
      control of prolactin secretion in sheep and that this action is exerted at the
      level of the hypothalamus and not directly at the anterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 3362408
TI  - Independent developmental regulation of migratory granule neurons and their
      cerebellar ligand in the mouse.
AB  - Interactions between migratory granule neurons and the developing molecular layer
      of the mouse cerebellum were examined using an in situ binding assay. Single cell
      suspensions of postnatal granule neurons specifically adhere to unfixed frozen
      cerebellar tissue sections. We investigated the influence of postnatal age of
      granule neurons and of tissue on this interaction. Granule neurons from P10 (the
      time of peak migratory activity) bind preferentially to the molecular layer.
      Premigratory granule neurons, P5, do not bind age-matched cerebellar tissue.
      Postmigratory granule neurons, P14 and older, adhere to the molecular and
      internal granular layers of age-matched and older cerebellar tissue but not to
      younger tissue. These binding patterns are most simply explained as a single
      receptor-ligand system in which both elements exhibit independent developmental
      regulation. Although granule neurons lose the ability to bind with increasing
      age, the molecular layer ligand retains its capacity for this interaction into
      adulthood, long after normal migration has ceased.

PMID- 3362409
TI  - Co-localization of the nerve growth factor precursor protein and mRNA in the
      mouse submandibular gland.
AB  - Indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of the mouse submandibular gland
      (MSG) and affinity-purified sera directed against synthetic peptides that
      reproduce sequences of the nerve growth factor (NGF) precursor protein permitted
      its localization in the basal parts of the cells forming the secretory tubules.
      In situ hybridization experiments employing 35S-labeled NGF cDNA probe localized
      the NGF mRNA in the same region. Conversion of proNGF to mature NGF results in an
      altered localization of the cleaved peptide throughout the cytoplasm of the
      tubular cells with a preferential concentration at their apical pole.

PMID- 3362410
TI  - The locus of optic nerve head representation in the retinotopic projection over
      nucleus geniculatus lateralis ventralis and nucleus griseum tectalis in the chick
      also lacks a retinal projection.
AB  - Recently we have demonstrated the presence of a gap in the avian retinotectal
      projection, that corresponds with the locus of retinotopic representation of the
      elongated optic nerve head. The present report describes an equivalent gap in the
      optic neuropiles of the avian ventral geniculate nucleus and griseum tectalis
      formation, detected after filling optic terminals anterogradely from the
      contralateral eye with peroxidase. A projection-less strip appears at the
      expected retinotopic position in both grisea intersecting radially all the strata
      of the corresponding neuropiles. It is speculated that a common synaptogenetic
      mechanism must account for these gaps.

PMID- 3362411
TI  - A double retrograde fluorescent tracing analysis of dorsal column nuclear
      projections to the basilar pontine nuclei, thalamus, and superior colliculus in
      the rat.
AB  - Injections of the fluorescent dyes Nuclear yellow and True blue were used to
      determine that the dorsal column nuclei project in collateral fashion to the
      basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) and the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the
      thalamus or the BPN and the superior colliculus. Results indicated that
      relatively few dorsal column nuclear cells project to both the basilar pons and
      the superior colliculus. In contrast, many dorsal column nuclear cells that
      project to the BPN also give rise to collateral projections to the thalamus. Thus
      it is suggested that the latter dorsal column-BPN connections might at least
      represent in part the anatomical substrate for the electrophysiological
      demonstration that cerebellar granule cells can be activated at relatively short
      latency by peripheral tactile receptor stimulation.

PMID- 3362412
TI  - Immunohistochemical localisation of nerve growth factor-like protein in the organ
      of Corti of the developing rat.
AB  - The presence of nerve growth factor (NGF)-like protein was investigated in the
      cochlea of the developing rat between birth and postnatal day 30, by the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique. Nerve growth factor-like protein could be detected
      from birth up to day 8. The immunostaining was localised within the hair mainly
      above their nuclei. No NGF-like immunoreactivity was observed in spiral ganglion
      cells. The data suggest that NGF acts as a neurotrophic factor, especially for
      efferent endings in the developing cochlea.

PMID- 3362413
TI  - Creatine kinase immunoreactivity: localization in nerve terminals in the
      hypothalamic area and superior colliculus of the mouse brain.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase studies of mouse brain using antibody to creatine kinase (CK)
      revealed the presence of immunoreactive neuronal varicosities in the zona
      incerta, lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus and superior colliculus. In
      the zona incerta and lateral hypothalamic area, the varicosities were distributed
      among the distinctive CK-immunoreactive neurons and some varicosities apparently
      emerged from these neurons. In the arcuate nucleus, the varicosities were
      concentrated in the periventricular region and occasionally clustered around
      unstained neurons. In serial sections, a portion of varicosities could be traced
      from the lateral hypothalamic area to the arcuate nucleus. In the superior
      colliculus, CK immunoreactivity formed a network pattern, which was mainly
      confined to the stratum zonale and stratum griseum superficiale.

PMID- 3362414
TI  - Effects of heterotopic ischemic pain on muscular pain threshold and blink reflex
      in humans.
AB  - Ischemic pain was induced in the left arm of 6 healthy volunteers using a
      modification of the submaximal effort tourniquet test. Its effects on both
      muscular pain threshold (determined in the vastus medialis muscle by means of
      electrical stimulation) and on the 2nd component of the blink reflex (R2) were
      investigated in the contralateral body side. Muscular pain threshold increased
      (peak value during ischemic pain) and maintained significantly higher values for
      60 min. R2 response decreased while its latency increased; these variations
      appeared during ischemic pain and reached a maximum soon after the end of
      ischemia, still remaining significant for 15 min. The results support the
      suggestion that the analgesic effects of heterotopic noxious stimulation in
      humans are subserved by supraspinal inhibitory mechanisms.

PMID- 3362415
TI  - Properties of A delta high threshold mechanoreceptors in the rat hairy and
      glabrous skin and their response to heat.
AB  - Forty-three high threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMs) with myelinated fibres were
      characterized in hairy and glabrous skin of the hind limb of the rat. Mechanical
      thresholds and conduction velocities were similar in both skin areas. The
      behaviour of 15 hairy and 14 glabrous skin HTMs were studied in response to
      repeated heating to 55-60 degrees C. Responses to heating were either very weak
      or absent, except for two units, one from each group, that fired on second and
      subsequent heat trials. A delta-HTMs in rat skin, either hairy or glabrous, are
      thus much less easily excited by heat than are similar units in rabbit, cat or
      monkey skin. C-fibres in rat skin are known to respond well to heating, and
      therefore provide the only significant input about noxious heat in this species.

PMID- 3362416
TI  - Phorbol ester-induced synaptic potentiation differs from long-term potentiation
      in the guinea pig hippocampus in vitro.
AB  - The relationship between the synaptic potentiations evoked by the protein kinase
      C activator phorbol-12,13-diacetate and by afferent tetanization has been
      examined in the CA1 region of the hippocampal slice preparation using
      extracellular recording. It has been found that the potentiation of the field
      excitatory postsynaptic potential produced by 1 microM phorbol ester does not
      affect the amount of long-term potentiation (LTP) that can be evoked by afferent
      tetanization, and vice versa. A dissociation between phorbol ester-induced and
      tetanus-induced potentiation is also indicated by the fact that only the former
      was associated with changes in paired-pulse facilitation. On the other hand, as
      previously described, higher concentrations (10 microM) of phorbol ester blocked
      the tetanus-induced potentiation. Since the total potentiation given by 10 microM
      phorbol ester and tetanization depended on the order of presentation of the
      potentiation-inducing stimuli, it appears that the blockade of LTP is, at least
      partly, independent of the phorbol ester-induced potentiation.

PMID- 3362417
TI  - Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover may mediate the muscarinic
      suppression of the M-current in hippocampal pyramidal cells.
AB  - The mechanism involved in the muscarinic blockade of the M-current was examined
      in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Muscarinic agents which are full agonists at
      stimulating phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, such as oxotremorine-M, block the
      M-current, while those agents which are weak agonists, such as oxotremorine, had
      little effect on the M-current. These results strongly suggest that PI turnover
      is involved in the muscarinic blockade of the M-current. Although activation of
      protein kinase C failed to block the M-current, intracellular application of
      inositol trisphosphate (IP3) reproducibly reduced the M-current. Further
      experiments will be required to determine if the action of IP3 requires a rise in
      intracellular calcium.

PMID- 3362418
TI  - Serotonin innervation of neuropeptide Y-containing neurons in the rat arcuate
      nucleus.
AB  - Structural non-synaptic appositions between serotonin (5-HT) nerve endings and
      neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons were demonstrated in the rat arcuate
      nucleus by means of a combined radioautographic and immunocytochemical detection
      of [3H]5-HT uptake sites and NPY-immunoreactivity. Such cellular relationships
      are proposed to constitute a morphological substrate for putative 5-HT/NPY
      interactions in neuroendocrine hypothalamus.

PMID- 3362419
TI  - Dextromethorphan protects against cerebral infarction in a rat model of hypoxia
      ischemia.
AB  - We assessed the cerebral protective effects of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D
      aspartate antagonist dextromethorphan (DM; 10-35 mg/kg i.p.) in 8-day-old rats
      that were subjected to brain hypoxia-ischemia by tying one carotid artery and
      placing them in 8% O2-92% N2 for 2 h. Light microscopic examination of brains
      perfused one week after the insult revealed that all control animals developed a
      frank infarction with cavitation and brain shrinkage in the middle cerebral
      artery territory. There was a highly significant decrease in the incidence of
      frank infarction in DM-pre-treated pups vs saline-treated littermates, although
      there was no clear relationship between drug dose and the degree of brain
      protection. DM and its active metabolite dextrorphan may prove to be clinically
      useful in protecting against hypoxia-ischemia.

PMID- 3362420
TI  - Adrenergic and non-adrenergic neurons in the C1 and C3 areas project to locus
      coeruleus: a fluorescent double labeling study.
AB  - Following iontophoretic injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold into the
      rat locus coeruleus (LC), retrogradely labeled neurons were seen predominantly in
      the area of C1 adrenergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (nucleus
      paragigantocellularis; PGi) and in the area of C3 adrenergic neurons in the
      dorsomedial medulla (nucleus prepositus hypoglossi; PrH). Subsequent
      immunofluorescence for phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase indicated that
      adrenergic and non-adrenergic LC projecting neurons in both areas are
      interdigitated, and that 21% of LC afferent neurons in the PGi are adrenergic
      while only 4% of LC afferent neurons in the area of PrH are adrenergic.

PMID- 3362421
TI  - Microglial cells but not astrocytes undergo mitosis following rat facial nerve
      axotomy.
AB  - Transection of the facial nerve leads to a glial response within its central
      nucleus of origin. Concomitant with a proliferation of satellite microglial cells
      an astrocytic reaction is also seen. In the present study light and electron
      microscopic autoradiography were performed in order to clarify whether only
      microglial cells undergo mitosis following facial nerve axotomy or if astrocytes
      also divide. Our results provide the first electron microscopical
      autoradiographic evidence for the labelling of endogenous microglial cells. We
      suggest that microglial cells are the only proliferating element during this
      process in the rat facial nucleus.

PMID- 3362422
TI  - Changes in the electrical activity of locus coeruleus neurons in pregnant rats.
AB  - Under urethane anesthesia, unit activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons was
      recorded extracellularly in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. The spontaneous
      firing of LC neurons was found to be reduced in pregnant rats. In addition,
      biochemical studies indicated that noradrenaline contents in the cerebral cortex,
      one of the major projection sites of LC neurons, were significantly higher in
      pregnant than non-pregnant rats. These results suggest that the electrical
      activity of noradrenergic neurons in the LC is reduced during gestation.

PMID- 3362423
TI  - Scheduled eating increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of food
      deprived rats as assessed with on-line brain dialysis.
AB  - This study examined the effect of scheduled eating on the in vivo release of
      dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens of rats that were maintained on a food
      deprivation schedule. DA release was measured by means of a fully automated on
      line brain dialysis system. The initiation of eating increased the release of DA,
      which remained elevated during the entire eating period. Termination of eating
      caused a gradual decrease of the release of DA to basal values. Increased motor
      activities did not change the release of DA. These results indicate a link
      between eating and DA release and demonstrate the suitability of on-line brain
      dialysis for behavioural experiments.

PMID- 3362424
TI  - Interaction between vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine
      isoleucine (PHI) in stimulating the secretion of prolactin from rat anterior
      pituitary cells in vitro.
AB  - Interaction between vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine
      isoleucine (PHI) in regulating the secretion of prolactin (PRL) from the
      pituitary was investigated in the rat in vitro using two different methods: (1)
      short incubation of anterior pituitary cells and (2) superfusion of the pituitary
      cell column. PRL levels in the incubation medium were raised by addition of
      either VIP or PHI in concentrations of 10(-9) M to 10(-7) M in a dose-related
      manner. When both peptides were simultaneously added, additive stimulating effect
      on PRL release was obtained below the VIP concentration of 10(-7) M, in which no
      additive effect of PHI was revealed. PRL release from superfused rat pituitary
      cells was stimulated by 5-min pulses of VIP (10(-7) M), PHI (10(-7) M) and TRH
      (10(-8) M). Infusion of VIP for 200 min in the concentration of 0.3 x 10(-7) M
      resulted in an increase in basal release of PRL and blunted PRL release induced
      by not only VIP but also PHI stimulation, whereas PRL release induced by TRH was
      not affected. Infusion of PHI (0.3 x 10(-7) M, 0.7 x 10(-7) M and 10(-7) M) for
      200 min also dose-relatedly suppressed PRL release induced by not only PHI but
      also VIP without any change in PRL release induced by TRH. These findings suggest
      that VIP and PHI may act through a common binding site on the pituitary
      lactotroph in the rat.

PMID- 3362425
TI  - Comparison of fiber size and phenotypic gene expression in muscles of dystrophic
      C57BL/6J DY2J/DY2J mice.
AB  - Considerable evidence has shown a correlation between fiber size and degree of
      necrosis in dystrophic muscles of hamster, X-linked muscular dystrophy (MDX) mice
      and humans. It has been proposed that small-caliber fibers have an immunity to
      the phenotypic expression of the dystrophic gene(s). The results from the present
      study show a discordance between fiber size and necrosis in dystrophic muscles of
      C57BL/6J dy2J/dy2J mice. Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles (ECRL
      and ECRB respectively) were compared in normal and dystrophic 2-week, 4-week and
      12-month animals by measuring the mean cross-sectional area of type II fibers,
      determination of relative proportions of types IIA and IIB fibers and calculation
      of percentage of fibers exhibiting centronucleation in an entire cross-section of
      muscle (stained for haematoxylin and eosin or ATPase). The ECRL and ECRB muscles
      were found to have identical sizes of fiber at each of the 3 ages studied and
      similar proportions of fiber types, yet the former muscle developed and retained
      significantly more necrosis (manifest as centronucleation) than the latter.

PMID- 3362426
TI  - Organization of neuronal clusters in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the
      rat: fluorescent tracing of temporalis and masseteric primary afferents.
AB  - The organization of neuronal clusters in the rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus
      (Mes V) was analysed using fluorescent tracing techniques. Simultaneous
      injections of fluorescent compounds (True blue and Diamidino yellow) were made
      unilaterally in the masseter and temporalis muscle, or in the masseteric and
      temporalis nerve. Examination of labeled neurons in frozen brainstem sections
      showed that (1) the arrangement of temporalis and masseteric primary afferent
      neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus is not somatotopic; (2) primary
      afferent neurons of both muscles are located at all rostrocaudal levels; and (3)
      clustering of temporalis, of temporalis and masseteric, and of masseretic
      afferent neurons occurs at all levels throughout the nucleus.

PMID- 3362427
TI  - Alcohol withdrawal does not impede hippocampal granule cell progressive loss in
      chronic alcohol-fed rats.
AB  - Using the unbiased disector method we have shown that chronic alcohol consumption
      induces a significant decrease of dentate gyrus granule cell density in alcohol
      fed rats for 18 months. A still more dramatic reduction was observed in a group
      of age-matched rats alcohol-fed for 12 months and switched to water for 6 months
      (recovery group). These results indicate that a progressive neuronal loss of the
      hippocampal granule cells in not impeded after cessation of alcohol intake. It is
      thus suggested that once the mechanisms underlying the alcohol-induced neuronal
      degeneration are triggered, they continue to act even after withdrawal.

PMID- 3362428
TI  - Effects of progesterone on thermosensitive neurons in preoptic slice
      preparations.
AB  - Single neuronal activities in preoptic (PO) slice preparations from both male and
      female rats were recorded and examined for their responses to 3 ng/ml or 30 ng/ml
      progesterone (P). Of 31 warm-sensitive neurons, 19 (61.3%) were inhibited by P, 5
      (16.1%) were excited, and 7 (22.6%) did not respond to P. Of 26 thermally
      insensitive neurons, 4 (15.4%) were inhibited by P, 3 (11.5%) were excited, and
      19 (73.1%) did not respond to P. Of 4 cold-sensitive neurons, 3 were inhibited
      and one was excited. These results demonstrate that P inhibits most warm
      sensitive neurons directly or indirectly via local neuronal circuits in the
      slice.

PMID- 3362429
TI  - The tertiary gustatory center in sunfishes is not nucleus glomerulosus.
AB  - Injection of horseradish peroxidase into the secondary gustatory nucleus of the
      green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, resulted in retrogradely filled neurons
      bilaterally in the viscerosensory column of the brainstem and in anterograde
      transport revealing ipsilateral terminal fields in the preglomerular tertiary
      gustatory nucleus, the nucleus of the torus lateralis and the central and
      periventricular nucleus of the inferior lobe. Thus, the glomerular nucleus of
      percomorph teleosts is not a tertiary gustatory center. It is proposed that the
      term 'nucleus glomerulosus' be reserved for the nucleus involved with vision and
      that the preglomerular subdivision involved in gustation be termed 'nucleus
      gustatorius tertius'.

PMID- 3362430
TI  - Concurrent on-line analysis of striatal ascorbate, dopamine and
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations by in vivo voltammetry.
AB  - A new method for on-line analysis of in vivo differential normal pulse
      voltammograms is reported. They are fitted by least squares to an expression
      describing the contribution of different electroactive species and the baseline.
      Its validity for resolving ascorbate (AA), dopamine (DA) and DOPAC signals is
      evidenced by both in vitro testing and the changes recorded in the striatum of
      anesthetized rats following drug treatments having well-known effects on DA
      release and metabolism. Thus, pargyline and amphetamine treatments respectively
      increased and decreased DA and DOPAC, whereas they both were increased by
      haloperidol. AA levels followed those of DA except when haloperidol was given.

PMID- 3362431
TI  - Habenular lesion attenuates methamphetamine-induced inhibition of dopamine
      neuronal activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats.
AB  - The relation between the habenula and central dopaminergic system was
      investigated by examining the inhibitory effects of methamphetamine on the firing
      rate of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of habenular lesioned and
      unlesioned rats. Electrolytic lesions of the habenula attenuated the
      methamphetamine-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra.
      This, along with other findings, indicates possibly that the habenula is involved
      in a feedback pathway from the striatum to the substantia nigra and regulates the
      activity of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra.

PMID- 3362432
TI  - Comparison of antagonism by phaclofen of baclofen induced hyperpolarizations and
      synaptically mediated late hyperpolarizing potentials recorded intracellularly
      from rat dorsolateral septal neurons.
AB  - Phaclofen has recently been described as an antagonist to baclofen at both
      peripheral and central receptors. We have applied phaclofen in known
      concentrations to an isolated rat brain slice preparation containing the septal
      nuclei. Our data demonstrate that phaclofen antagonizes responses to exogenously
      applied baclofen in a competitive manner. On the other hand, phaclofen is not as
      effective in antagonizing competitively the synaptically mediated late
      hyperpolarizing response (LHP) recorded from the same or similar dorsolateral
      septal nucleus (DLSN) neurons from which baclofen responses were recorded. Our
      data support the usefulness of phaclofen as a competitive antagonist of baclofen,
      and suggest that when larger stimulus intensities are applied, the LHP in the
      dorsolateral septum of the rat may be mediated by a transmitter in addition to
      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

PMID- 3362433
TI  - Hypophysectomy in monosodium glutamate-pretreated rats suppresses paradoxical
      sleep rebound.
AB  - Control untreated and pretreated female rats at birth with 10 injections of
      monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/g b. wt.) were hypophysectomized (HYPX) at 45-60
      days of age and their sleep-waking cycle continuously registered. In control
      rats, hypophysectomy was followed by a 35.7% decrease in paradoxical sleep (PS)
      duration while it has no effect on the sleep of MSG-treated rats. After 24 h of
      PS deprivation, there was a normal immediate rebound of PS in the control HYPX
      and MSG rats while there was no significant rebound in the HYPX-MSG-treated rats.
      It is concluded that neuropeptides from arcuate nucleus and hypophysis are
      involved in a PS rebound mechanism.

PMID- 3362434
TI  - A national disgrace.

PMID- 3362435
TI  - Preventing tobacco dependence.

PMID- 3362436
TI  - How to avoid legal problems.

PMID- 3362437
TI  - Vaginography for colovaginal fistula.

PMID- 3362438
TI  - A feasible solution.

PMID- 3362439
TI  - Placing a value on your medical practice.

PMID- 3362440
TI  - Ways to avoid malpractice.

PMID- 3362442
TI  - Providing health care to the homeless--another important role for NPs. Interview
      by Linda J. Pearson.

PMID- 3362441
TI  - Comparison of axillary, rectal and skin-based temperature assessment in
      preschoolers.
AB  - This study describes a clinical comparison of temperatures taken by rectal and
      axillary routes and by the Clinitemp II fever detector, which is a forehead
      adhering strip that measures body temperature. Simultaneous temperatures were
      taken on a convenience sample of 70 ambulatory preschool children. Readings
      obtained by the Clinitemp II were found to be similar to those obtained using a
      rectal thermometer. Recommendations are made for the use of the Clinitemp II
      fever-detector strip as an acceptable screening alternative for determining body
      temperature trends in ambulatory children from 1 to 5 years of age.

PMID- 3362443
TI  - The importance of third-party reimbursement for NPS.
AB  - Lack of third-party reimbursement is one of the major impediments to the use of
      nurse practitioner services. Although NPs have been successful in obtaining third
      party reimbursement under some health care plans, barriers still exist, such as
      opposition by medical societies, procedural problems and restrictive
      interpretations of state licensure laws. Consumer education about available
      health care and legislative involvement of NPs are two ways to attain third-party
      reimbursement for NPs. However, NPs first must have a clear understanding of
      third-party reimbursement, including how it is mandated and which providers and
      services are covered, before they can educate the consumer and become involved
      with legislation.

PMID- 3362444
TI  - Alternative health care delivery systems--nursing opportunity or threat?
AB  - Alternative health care systems, organizationally and financially, pose a
      potential threat to the growth of autonomous nursing practice. Support of a
      system of health care delivery that retains the physician as sole "primary
      provider" restricts direct access to professional nursing services. Nurses must
      take the responsibility for becoming knowledgeable about health policy-making in
      order to assure that their services remain available to all consumers who seek
      them. This article presents an overview of the current alternative health care
      systems, and suggests strategies to assure that nursing does not remain in a
      dependent position in the hierarchy of health care.

PMID- 3362445
TI  - Hepatitis update.

PMID- 3362446
TI  - Uncovering the cause of orthostatic hypotension.

PMID- 3362447
TI  - What a nurse's touch can mean.

PMID- 3362448
TI  - Love shouldn't be silent.

PMID- 3362449
TI  - When refusing treatment jeopardizes another life.

PMID- 3362450
TI  - Are you restraining your patients' rights?

PMID- 3362451
TI  - Could a nurse have prevented this mishap?

PMID- 3362452
TI  - "I don't talk to nobody about nothin'".

PMID- 3362453
TI  - Insights on death & dying.

PMID- 3362454
TI  - More nurses needed, says the President's A.I.D.S. Commission.

PMID- 3362455
TI  - New drugs update 88.

PMID- 3362456
TI  - Sorrow has many faces: helping families cope with grief.

PMID- 3362457
TI  - Lowering the risks of endotracheal suctioning.

PMID- 3362458
TI  - Assessing chest pain quickly and accurately (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3362459
TI  - For A.I.D.S. patients, little things can mean a lot. Living with A.I.D.S.: a
      nurses's story.

PMID- 3362461
TI  - Asking visitors to leave: when and how to do it.

PMID- 3362460
TI  - For A.I.D.S. patients, little things can mean a lot. Sharing Lloyd's pain: a
      sister's story.

PMID- 3362462
TI  - Guide to solving postanesthesia problems.

PMID- 3362463
TI  - What's wrong with this patient?

PMID- 3362464
TI  - Myths & facts--about pressure sores.

PMID- 3362465
TI  - Too few--and fatigued.

PMID- 3362466
TI  - Test your knowledge of critical care nursing.

PMID- 3362467
TI  - Recording the blood pressure--who, when and how?

PMID- 3362468
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals.
      International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PMID- 3362469
TI  - Is outcome for general practitioner obstetricians influenced by workload and
      locality?
AB  - Maternal and perinatal morbidity and transfer patterns were examined to assess
      the influence of the number of deliveries performed by each general practitioner
      obstetrician and the distance from specialist care. There were statistically
      significant differences in transfer patterns between urban and rural
      practitioners and between those practitioners delivering fewer than twenty per
      year and those delivering twenty or more per year. Antenatally, rural
      practitioners transferred more of their patients to the base hospital and those
      practitioners delivering fewer than twenty per year had higher transfer rates
      than those delivering twenty or more per year. During labour the transfer rate
      was lowest for rural practitioners delivering more than 20 babies per year. Urban
      practitioners in comparison to rural practitioners delivered a significantly
      greater proportion of women who were considered to have a moderate or high
      obstetric risk. No association was found between the number of deliveries
      undertaken by general practitioners both urban and rural and maternal and
      neonatal morbidity. The proportion of women and neonates who had a score which
      indicated a less favourable outcome for maternal and neonatal morbidity, was
      higher for urban practitioners than for rural practitioners.

PMID- 3362470
TI  - An audit of restricted antibiotic use in a general hospital.
AB  - An audit of the use of antibiotics restricted by the hospital formulary was
      undertaken by retrospective analysis of 73 written justifications for
      prescriptions provided to the pharmacy and the case notes. Half of the
      prescriptions were for therapeutic indications with the remainder divided almost
      equally between prophylactic and empirical use. The cost of therapy was $34,500.
      Antibiotic use was classified as appropriate or inappropriate. Inappropriate use
      was seen in 22 cases at an excess cost of $3828. Prophylactic use accounted for
      13 of the inappropriate prescriptions, most frequently due to excessive duration
      of prescription. The use of amikacin where gentamicin was not contraindicated was
      seen in 4 of 9 inappropriate prescriptions. The infrequent use of the more
      expensive antibiotics and the potentially remediable inappropriate use seen with
      prophylaxis were gratifying aspects of this audit.

PMID- 3362471
TI  - Homoeopathy.

PMID- 3362472
TI  - HIV infection and tissue donation.

PMID- 3362473
TI  - Can New Zealand afford nonrestricted antibiotic prescribing?

PMID- 3362474
TI  - Genotoxic effects of fluoride and implications for its use in the treatment of
      osteoporosis.

PMID- 3362475
TI  - Health care services.

PMID- 3362476
TI  - Intrauterine contraceptive devices.

PMID- 3362477
TI  - Industrial lead exposure in the South Island 1986-88.

PMID- 3362478
TI  - Sexual activity in the young.

PMID- 3362479
TI  - Woman general practitioners--workloads and work styles.

PMID- 3362480
TI  - Hospital's disease: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3362481
TI  - Preplacement exams assess workers' medical ability to perform a task.

PMID- 3362482
TI  - Objective testing group certifies head protection.

PMID- 3362483
TI  - Workers risk occupational asthma by exposure to myriad of chemicals.

PMID- 3362484
TI  - Hygienists employ gas detection in qualitative risk assessment.

PMID- 3362485
TI  - In-house corporate medical programs find need for full-time physicians.

PMID- 3362486
TI  - Preventable trauma deaths.

PMID- 3362487
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment of choice.

PMID- 3362488
TI  - HEALTHCHEK exams.

PMID- 3362490
TI  - Risk of heterosexual HIV transmission varies.

PMID- 3362489
TI  - CT as an initial screening tool: a step back into the dark ages?

PMID- 3362491
TI  - Back to school in the AIDS classroom.

PMID- 3362492
TI  - A surgeon's dilemma--when to adopt a new technique.

PMID- 3362493
TI  - Visual results after cataract surgery by a military resident surgeon.
AB  - We compare the visual results of cataract surgery performed by a military
      resident with those achieved by civilian surgeons. Upon reviewing the first 47
      extracapsular cataract extractions performed by one resident military surgeon, we
      found that 98% of eyes achieved a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 95%
      were 20/25 or better. The mean surgically induced astigmatism was 0.54 diopters,
      with 97% less than or equal to 2 D from preoperative values. Eighty-three percent
      of eyes receiving intraocular lenses were within 2 D of emmetropia. The mean
      residual refractive error in those eyes was +0.121. Complications were infrequent
      (17%). These results compare favorably with other reports.

PMID- 3362494
TI  - Liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy.
AB  - Liposomes, small bilayer vesicles composed of phospholipids, can entrap and thus
      slow the release of drugs. We investigated the use of liposome-encapsulated 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU), an antiproliferative agent, in the treatment of
      proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in an animal model. Doses of up to 1.6 mg
      administered intravitreally in rabbits demonstrated no retinal toxicity by
      histologic or electroretinographic criteria. In an experimental animal model of
      PVR, intravitreal injection of homologous rabbit corneal fibroblasts caused
      tractional retinal detachments in 90% of eyes after 4 weeks. The addition of 1.6
      mg of liposome-encapsulated 5-FU decreased the rate of detachment to 32%,
      compared with 55% for 1 mg of free 5-FU. Thus, liposomal encapsulation of an anti
      proliferative agent such as 5-FU may be a valuable adjunct to conventional
      vitreous surgery in managing PVR.

PMID- 3362495
TI  - Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a pit of the optic nerve head.
AB  - A 56-year-old myope developed a retinal detachment of the macular area and the
      temporal quadrants in his left eye that harbored a temporally-located pit of the
      optic nerve head. Under anesthesia a small peripheral retinal break was
      identified, and the retina was reattached successfully using cryotherapy and a
      limited scleral buckling procedure. Peripheral retinal breaks should be searched
      for in myopic eyes with optic pits and retinal detachments involving peripheral
      retinal quadrants.

PMID- 3362496
TI  - The effect of scleral cautery on corneal astigmatism in cadaver eyes.
AB  - We studied the effect of scleral cautery on corneal astigmatism in 20 cadaver
      eyes using the Zeiss wetfield bipolar cautery either at or 2 mm posterior to the
      corneoscleral limbus. The chord of cauterized area was set at either 5.5 or 11
      mm. Cautery induced net corneal steepening along the meridian of the cauterized
      area, and induced the greatest astigmatism when applied at the limbus. At each
      location the 11-mm cautery application induced less astigmatism. The majority of
      the astigmatic change occurred within the first 5 to 10 seconds of application.
      We found that scleral cautery at or 2 mm posterior to the limbus can induce
      extensive corneal astigmatism.

PMID- 3362497
TI  - Enhancing surgery for acquired esotropia.
AB  - In acquired esotropia, operating only on the non-accommodative angle often
      results in undercorrection. To decrease the frequency of this outcome, we
      enhanced surgery in a preliminary study by operating for a target angle equal to
      half the sum of the distant non-accommodative angle (minimum 12 prism diopters)
      plus the distant angle measured without correction. The mean augmentation in 12
      patients undergoing bimedial rectus recession was 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm, and in eight
      patients who had a previous bimedial rectus recession and were undergoing a
      bilateral rectus resection it was 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm. With a mean follow-up of 26 +/-
      20 months, 13 patients were within 10 prism diopters of orthotropia and four were
      undercorrected. Three overcorrected patients were orthophoric after reducing the
      hyperopic correction. All 17 patients old enough to cooperate had stereopsis or a
      positive Worth four-dot test at some point postoperatively.

PMID- 3362498
TI  - Keratoacanthoma of the limbus.
AB  - Unlike keratoacanthomas occurring on the skin, those found on mucous membranes
      are decidedly rare. We present two cases of keratoacanthoma of the limbal area.

PMID- 3362500
TI  - Intraocular pressure following secondary anterior chamber lens implantation.
AB  - Secondary anterior chamber implantation has become relatively simple since the
      advent of viscoelastic materials. Still, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema,
      endophthalmitis, and astigmatism remain vision-threatening complications. We
      studied intraocular pressures (IOPs) following this surgery in 102 patients (124
      eyes) over 6 years. Elevated IOP was noted in 32 eyes (25.8%), but only 14
      (11.3%) needed long-term medical treatment. None, however, required laser
      iridectomy, trabeculoplasty, or trabeculectomy. Patients should be selected for
      secondary anterior chamber implantation only after more conservative measures
      have been exhausted.

PMID- 3362499
TI  - Complications of Nadbath facial nerve block and a review of the literature.
AB  - In a retrospective study of complications resulting from the Nadbath facial nerve
      block, we identified three patients (0.25%) over a 2-year period. Complications
      included dysphonia, laryngospasm, unilateral vocal cord paralysis, and a
      sensation of the inability to breathe. As it exits the stylomastoid foramen, the
      facial nerve lies close to the vagus, glossopharyngeal, and accessory nerves.
      Particular care must be taken, therefore, when giving Nadbath blocks in very thin
      individuals. The use of hyaluronidase, which enhances effusion of the anesthetic
      agent, should probably be withheld.

PMID- 3362501
TI  - Trabeculectomy, ECCE with PC-IOL implant, and vitrectomy after malignant
      glaucoma.
AB  - A patient with narrow-angle glaucoma developed a post peripheral iridectomy
      malignant glaucoma in both eyes. The intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes was
      controlled with mydriatics, cycloplegics, and Diamox for 2 years. Subsequently
      the patient developed a dense cataract and uncontrollable IOP in her left eye. An
      extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber lens implant, and
      trabeculectomy were combined with an anterior vitrectomy. The IOP in both eyes
      has been controlled for 3 years postoperatively.

PMID- 3362502
TI  - Lid retraction following blow-out fracture of the orbit.
AB  - A case of lid retraction following blow-out fracture of the orbit with
      enophthalmos is reported. This paradoxical complication has been described
      previously in only two cases, both by the same authors. It has been hypothesized
      that the lid retraction is secondary to Mueller's muscle overaction; however,
      excision of Mueller's muscle had no effect in this case. A new hypothesis is
      presented that this condition may be due to traction on the connective tissue
      sheath of the levator palpebrae muscle through its interconnections with the
      connective tissue systems of the other extraocular muscles.

PMID- 3362503
TI  - The Pressure-Controlled Infusion System: a new instrument for closed-system
      surgery.
AB  - We present the new Pressure-Controlled Infusion System (PCIS), designed to
      automatically regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) during surgery. Studies were
      performed with rabbits in which we compared the true IOP during closed-system
      surgery using gravity-fed infusion with the automatic control provided by the
      PCIS. The results from irrigation/aspiration of the lens cortex, wound closure,
      and vitrectomy show that the PCIS performs two functions during closed surgery:
      it automatically maintains the baseline IOP at the pre-set level, and it
      dramatically decreases the pressure fluctuations that occur with gravity
      infusion.

PMID- 3362504
TI  - My oblique astigmatic corrections.

PMID- 3362505
TI  - A clinical comparison of two methods of glare testing.

PMID- 3362506
TI  - Preventive cataract surgery for the prolongation of life.

PMID- 3362507
TI  - Detection of conjunctival leaks following filtration surgery.

PMID- 3362508
TI  - Tips for all of us.

PMID- 3362509
TI  - [Assessment of aqueous humor dynamics with Ulrich oculopressure tonometry].
AB  - Oculopression tonometry according to Ulrich can be used for the judgement of the
      facility of outflow like the tonography according to Grant. As shown by us for
      the first time, oculopression tonometry can also serve to evaluate aqueous humor
      formation. The results of a planned prospective study in 30 glaucoma patients and
      in 30 healthy volunteers are shown. It can be concluded that the recovery time of
      the intraocular pressure seems to be a better criterion for the diagnosis of
      glaucoma than the intraocular pressure measured immediately after the artificial
      pressure enhancement.

PMID- 3362510
TI  - Papillary conjunctivitis induced by an epithelialized corneal foreign body.
AB  - This report of papillary conjunctivitis induced by a corneal foreign body
      suggests that papillogenesis may result from physical/mechanical tissue trauma. A
      case is presented with an epithelialized corneal foreign body in the peripheral
      cornea during a 9-month period. The overlying corneal epithelial surface was
      elevated, and corresponding upper tarsal conjunctiva revealed localized, elevated
      papillae. One month after the foreign body was excised, the papillae resolved. An
      epithelialized foreign body, elevated cornea, and coincidental papillae support
      the role of physical trauma for the development of papillae--a feature of the
      syndrome of contact-lens-associated giant papillary conjunctivitis.

PMID- 3362511
TI  - Acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in birdshot retinochoroidopathy.
AB  - Visual loss in birdshot retinochoroidopathy has been reported to be produced by
      cystoid macular edema, optic atrophy, epiretinal macular membranes and subretinal
      neovascularization. We present a patient with this syndrome in whom the visual
      loss was due to an acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The possible common
      pathogenesis of both diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3362512
TI  - Empty sella syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A case of empty sella complicated with bilateral quadrantanopsia, poliosis and
      photophobia is reported. Clinical findings are discussed.

PMID- 3362513
TI  - [Comparative visual field study using the Octopus 2,000R with the global analysis
      program G1 with the grid pattern].
AB  - At the Universitats-Augenklinik Innsbruck patients with diabetic macular edema
      are treated with grid pattern since February 1986. Thirty-two eyes from 18
      patients were tested with the program G1 on perimeter Octopus 2000R before and
      after grid pattern. The evaluated parameters presented by the program G1 are
      discussed.

PMID- 3362514
TI  - [Current aspects of the problem of prognosis in traumatology].

PMID- 3362515
TI  - [Rehabilitation therapy of patients after replantation of large segments of the
      arms].

PMID- 3362516
TI  - [Classification and treatment of instability of the shoulder joint in
      postoperative recurrence of habitual shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 3362517
TI  - [Use of a method of biocontrol with EMG feedback in the rehabilitation of
      patients with injuries of the hand and forearm].

PMID- 3362518
TI  - [Treatment of double contractures of the fingers].

PMID- 3362519
TI  - [Complex preparation and prosthesis after amputation of the arm in the lower
      third segment].

PMID- 3362520
TI  - [Experience with using the Seppo fixator in the treatment of patients with
      femoral neck fractures].

PMID- 3362521
TI  - [Epiosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures and pseudarthroses of
      bones of the extremities].

PMID- 3362522
TI  - [Open reduction of inveterate central fracture-dislocations in the area of the
      hip joint].

PMID- 3362523
TI  - [The problem of roentgenological diagnosis of transligamentous dislocation of the
      atlas].

PMID- 3362524
TI  - [Roentgenological examination of pelvic injuries in polytrauma].

PMID- 3362525
TI  - [Possibilities of orthopedic treatment of hand deformities in Charcot-Marie-Tooth
      neural amyotrophy].

PMID- 3362526
TI  - [A method of thoracoplasty of funnel chest].

PMID- 3362527
TI  - [Principles and technics of performing local cryotherapy in the treatment of bone
      tumors].

PMID- 3362528
TI  - [A method of treatment of inveterate posterior shoulder dislocations].

PMID- 3362529
TI  - [A guide for the osteosynthesis of the femur neck].

PMID- 3362530
TI  - [A new compression fixator for osteosynthesis of the femur neck in medial
      fractures].

PMID- 3362531
TI  - [A method of damper fixation of the Chizhin frame in fractures of the clavicle].

PMID- 3362532
TI  - [Ways of increasing the quality of postgraduate training of traumatologist
      orthopedists].

PMID- 3362533
TI  - [Diagnosis of systemic osteoporosis].

PMID- 3362534
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the role of conservative therapy and the place of the surgical
      method in the complex treatment of scoliosis].

PMID- 3362535
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of the study of the problem of trauma].

PMID- 3362536
TI  - [Secondary chondrosarcoma in dyschondroplasia (Ollier's disease)].

PMID- 3362537
TI  - [Late pericardial effusion and heart tamponade following heart surgery].

PMID- 3362538
TI  - [The chromosome-damaging effect of drug poisoning in pregnant and non-pregnant
      women].

PMID- 3362539
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis: life-saving effect of a massive dose of intravenous
      methylprednisolone].

PMID- 3362540
TI  - [Online computerized data processing in a perinatal intensive care unit].

PMID- 3362541
TI  - [Forensic implications of certain medical errors].

PMID- 3362542
TI  - [Comments on the the letter by J. Beres and E. Czeizel: The frequency of
      chromosome studies on fetuses of pregnant women over 40 in Hungary].

PMID- 3362543
TI  - [Actinomycosis caused by IUD; priority of publication in Hungary].

PMID- 3362544
TI  - [Production of a stable nitrofurantoin solution and experience with its use in
      urological practice].

PMID- 3362545
TI  - [Portable insulin pump treatment of diabetic children].

PMID- 3362546
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of delirium tremens].

PMID- 3362547
TI  - [Cerebral complications of methylprednisolone infusion pulse therapy].

PMID- 3362548
TI  - [Policy and ethics of antibiotic distribution in primary care].

PMID- 3362549
TI  - [Bronchial asthma and air pollution].

PMID- 3362550
TI  - [Health maintenance and therapeutics].

PMID- 3362551
TI  - [Surgical correction of shortened limbs].

PMID- 3362552
TI  - Polyoma large T can activate middle T expression by a hit-and-run mechanism.
AB  - We studied the activation of polyoma middle T expression in revertant cells
      carrying transcriptionally inactive copies of the middle T (pmt) oncogene.
      Introduction of polyoma large T with neo into a rat cell line containing multiple
      copies of pmt stably integrated into the genome corrected the transformation
      defect in some of the transfected cells by activating the resident pmt gene.
      However, once the cells were transformed, continuous expression of the large T
      protein was not required for the maintenance of pmt expression and hence the
      maintenance of the transformed state. Transformants arising spontaneously as well
      as those induced by large T exhibited frequent rearrangements of the pmt inserts.
      Our results suggest that large T activated pmt expression by a hit-and-run
      mechanism involving recombination of sequences in the viral insert.

PMID- 3362553
TI  - CSF morphine levels after lumbar intrathecal administration of isobaric and
      hyperbaric solutions for cancer pain.
AB  - The objectives of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetic properties and
      the duration of analgesia following intrathecal administration (L5-S1) of 2 mg
      morphine in 2 forms: (1) an isobaric (NaCl 0.9%) and (2) a hyperbaric solution
      (7% dextrose). The study was carried out on 5 cancer patients with severe,
      intractable pain in the lower half of the body. Samples of CSF were collected at
      the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra at regular intervals for 15 h after
      administration. Morphine concentrations were determined by HPLC. The
      pharmacokinetic properties of the solutions (I and II) were quite different. Peak
      levels (I) were reached in 5-15 min (30 and 60 micrograms/ml); they then fell
      rapidly during the 1st hour (7 and 11 micrograms/ml) with an elimination half
      life of 10 and 15 min, followed by a change in slope (elimination half-life of
      108 and 140 min). Peak levels (II) were reached in 4-5 h (0.8-3.3 micrograms/ml);
      they then fell progressively according to a single exponential function
      (elimination half-life: 144-246 min). The duration of analgesia for a dose of 2
      mg was 30 h for solution 2 and 24 h for solution 1. The hyperbaric solution,
      which produced the same degree of analgesia as the isobaric solution, limited the
      cephalad diffusion of morphine and reduced or abolished the central depressant
      effects of the drug.

PMID- 3362554
TI  - Feeling no pain: alcohol as an analgesic.
AB  - Orally administered ethyl alcohol (1 ml/kg of 100% ethyl alcohol + 1 ml/kg tonic
      water) (the equivalent of two cocktails) produced tolerance to experimentally
      induced pain comparable to 0.17 mg/kg s.q. morphine (11.6 mg in a 70 kg person)
      [corrected]. Pain threshold, i.e., the initial awareness of pain, was not
      modified by either morphine or alcohol. The experiment was run using 18 paid
      subjects in an experimenter-blinded design. Both a pharmacologically active
      placebo (atropine) as well as a totally inactive placebo (saline) were employed.
      Pain induction occurred via mechanical pressure on the Achilles tendon utilizing
      a device previously standardized in the clinical screening of over 100,000
      patients for pain awareness. These results suggest that alcohol, in non
      intoxicating quantities, may be an effective adjunct to other analgesic
      modalities.

PMID- 3362555
TI  - An epidemiologic comparison of pain complaints.
AB  - A survey concerning common pain conditions and psychological distress was carried
      out among a probability sample of the adult enrollees of a large health
      maintenance organization in Seattle. The prevalence of pain in the prior six
      months was 41% for back pain; 26% for headache; 17% for abdominal pain; 12% for
      chest pain; and 12% for facial pain. Headache, abdominal and facial pain were
      less prevalent among older persons and more prevalent among females. We examined
      the temporal dimensions of these pain conditions, as well as intensity, treatment
      seeking, and activity limitation. The pain conditions were typically long
      standing, recurrent, of mild to moderate intensity, and usually did not limit
      activities. However, depending on the pain condition, 9-40% reported one or more
      days in the prior six months when they were unable to carry out their usual
      activities due to the pain problem. On average, persons with a pain condition had
      higher levels of anxiety, depression, and non-pain somatic symptoms as measured
      by the scales of the Symptom Checklist (SCL); poorer self-rating of health
      status; and more family stress compared to persons without a pain condition. Of
      these alternative measures of distress, the SCL somatization scale had the
      strongest independent association with pain. The increments in measures of
      anxiety, depression, and family stress with the presence of pain were greatest
      among persons with higher levels of non-pain somatic symptoms.

PMID- 3362556
TI  - The relationship of chronic pain, mental illness and organic disorders.
AB  - One hundred and six consecutive new attenders at a regional pain relief clinic
      were assessed using ratings of pain, standardized psychiatric interviews and
      physical examination by independent assessors. Approximately half the subjects
      had diagnosed mental illness and two-thirds had diagnosed organic disease. Pain
      ratings were higher in those with mental illness but were not related to the
      presence of organic pathology. The distribution of mental illnesses was not
      related to the organic status and those without physical disease had the lowest
      ratings on psychiatric assessments. All major findings were confirmed at a follow
      up assessment. There is no evidence that these subjects can be divided into a
      simple dichotomy of those with physical or mental illnesses, or that pain
      measures can discriminate between them. It is concluded that all chronic pain
      patients require both physical and mental state assessment.

PMID- 3362557
TI  - Risk of misinterpretation of MMPI Schizophrenia scale elevations in chronic pain
      patients.
AB  - Seventy-three chronic pain patients with elevated MMPI Schizophrenia (Sc) scale
      scores (T score greater than 70) were compared with 55 psychotic and 87 non
      psychotic psychiatric patients with elevated Sc scores to examine group
      differences in item content patterns on the Harris and Lingoes subscales. Chronic
      pain patients evidenced lower scores on all Harris and Lingoes Sc subscales,
      except for the Bizarre Sensory Experiences subscale on which they scored
      significantly higher than the psychiatric groups. Results demonstrate that Sc is
      elevated in many chronic pain patients because they endorse somatic symptoms and
      items suggestive of depression and inertia, whereas psychotics endorse more items
      reflecting bizarre and disordered thinking, social alienation and defective
      inhibition, and non-psychiatric patients endorse more depression, despair,
      thought disorganization and social alienation. These data suggest that high Sc
      scores of many chronic pain patients reflect symptoms and sequelae of their
      physical problems, and do not necessarily reflect severe psychopathology.

PMID- 3362558
TI  - Day-night rhythms of opioid and non-opioid stress-induced analgesia: differential
      inhibitory effects of exposure to magnetic fields.
AB  - Day-night rhythms occurred in the naloxone-reversible (1.0 mg/kg), warm (opioid)
      and naloxone-insensitive, cold (non-opioid) swim stress-induced analgesia
      displayed by CF-1 mice. Maximum antinociceptive responses were evident at night,
      with the cold stress having significantly greater day- and night-time analgesic
      effects than the warm stress. An exposure for 30 min to a 0.5 Hz rotating
      magnetic field (1.5-90 gauss) reduced both the warm and cold stress-induced
      analgesia, with the magnetic stimuli having significantly greater inhibitory
      effects at night and on the opioid-induced responses. These results indicate that
      exposure to oscillating magnetic fields can significantly, and differentially,
      alter both opioid and non-opioid stress-induced analgesia and their day-night
      rhythms.

PMID- 3362559
TI  - Effects of ionic and non-ionic solutions on intradental nerve activity in the
      cat.
AB  - Intradental nerve activity (INA) was recorded from cat canine teeth to determine
      whether solutions altering intradental nerve sensitivity were strongly correlated
      to the osmotic concentration of the solution or via a more direct action on
      intradental nerve excitability. The effects of various ionic and non-ionic
      solutions were tested in both deep and shallow dentinal cavities. With saline in
      the deep dentinal cavity a very low firing rate or resting nerve spike (action
      potentials) activity was recorded. When 3 M NaCl was placed in the same or
      similar cavity a high discharge rate of nerve spike activity was obtained. This 3
      M NaCl elicited activity was utilized to determine the inhibitory or excitatory
      effects of various test agents on the intradental nerves. The following agents:
      MgCl2, MgSO4, and CaCl2 were inhibitory to the INA response elicited by 3 M NaCl.
      Non-ionic solutions of urea or sucrose failed to evoke INA and they were also
      minimally effective in altering 3 M NaCl elicited activity. Shallow cavities were
      utilized to maintain the tubular structure of dentin relatively intact. In the
      shallow cavity preparations hypertonic sucrose or urea failed to evoke INA, even
      when dentin was etched with 50% citric acid for 2 min. The results suggest that
      the osmolarity of these solutions is a poor indicator of the INA.

PMID- 3362560
TI  - Arabic pain words.
AB  - The initial stages in the development of an Arabic pain inventory are described.
      279 Kuwaiti adults were asked to nominate as many words as they could think of to
      describe pain. A dictionary translation of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
      was prepared, and subjects judged which of these represent acceptable pain
      descriptions in Arabic. From these sources, a list of Arabic pain adjectives was
      compiled. 67 university undergraduates classified each word as sensory,
      evaluative or affective, and rated the pain intensity connoted. Over 100 Arabic
      pain words were identified. Ratings revealed that, just as in English, pain is a
      multidimensional concept. The pain intensity rank ordering of many groupings in
      the MPQ was preserved when the Arabic translations were rated, even though the
      Arabic adjectives were not presented in the format of the MPQ. Theoretical and
      practical problems encountered in producing a fully equivalent pain inventory in
      another language are discussed.

PMID- 3362561
TI  - The German counterpart to McGill Pain Questionnaire.
AB  - This study presents a German version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)
      developed by strict adherence to the methodology originally employed by Melzack
      and Torgerson. Three groups of subjects participated: The first group (n = 40)
      was used to construct a 5-point intensity scale. The second group (n = 42) was
      presented a preliminary translation of the MPQ and asked to assign an intensity
      rating out of the 5-point intensity scale to each of the 78 adjectives. In the
      last phase, adjectives whose mean ratings differed markedly from those in the
      original MPQ were resubmitted, along with 3-4 synonyms to a third group (n = 40)
      who was again asked to assign an intensity value to each word. Finally, the
      adjectives whose ratings corresponded closest, and thus resulted in congruent
      rank positions to those of the English originals, were selected. The present
      counterpart to the MPQ retains the original grouping of adjectives, the identical
      number of words per group as well as their rank positions within groups. Thus a
      comparison between German and English mean ratings, rank values and number of
      words chosen as well as statistical calculations derived therefrom is feasible.

PMID- 3362562
TI  - Re: Chronic pain, depression, and the dexamethasone suppression test.

PMID- 3362563
TI  - Higher pain tolerance thresholds.

PMID- 3362564
TI  - The actometer: an evaluation of instrument applicability for chronic pain
      patients.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine the reliability and validity of an
      activity measurement device, the actometer, as an index of ambulation for chronic
      pain patients. In experiment I, correlations between yoked actometers during
      ambulation showed the instrument to be internally reliable. In experiment II,
      actometer readings covaried very strongly with distance, showing the device to be
      valid during single trial assessment. However, experiment III found the device to
      show poor reliability over time (i.e., substantial measurement variability for
      the identical distance on 3 separate days). The results suggest that, for the
      chronic pain population, the actometer may not be a useful instrument for
      reliably assessing changes in walking activity over time.

PMID- 3362565
TI  - Disappearance of phantom pain after focal brain infarction.
AB  - A patient with hemiplegia and hemihypoesthesia is presented in whom preexisting
      phantom limb pain disappeared with the appearance of a stroke localized by CT
      scan to the posterior internal capsule. Differentiation between the cutaneous
      sensation and the sensation of phantom limb pain that appeared later seems to
      support the assumed existence of a polysynaptic sensory pathway that conveys the
      sensations of deafferentation.

PMID- 3362566
TI  - Synergy between the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal clonidine and systemic
      morphine in the rat.
AB  - These experiments tested the hypothesis that intrathecal alpha 2-adrenergic
      antinociception could be potentiated by the concurrent administration of systemic
      morphine. Thirty-four male rats, implanted with chronic indwelling intrathecal
      catheters, received a subcutaneous injection of either morphine sulfate or an
      equal volume of saline, followed by an intrathecal injection of clonidine HCl or
      an equal volume of vehicle. Antinociception was assessed using the tail-flick
      test. Tail-flick latencies following subcutaneous morphine plus intrathecal
      vehicle, or subcutaneous saline plus intrathecal clonidine were not significantly
      different from baseline. However, the combination of subcutaneous morphine plus
      intrathecal clonidine produced a significant antinociceptive effect. Such
      potentiation may prove to be a useful clinical strategy to help maximize
      analgesia, minimize side effects and attenuate the development of tolerance.

PMID- 3362567
TI  - Responses to heat of C-fiber nociceptors in monkey are altered by injury in the
      receptive field but not by adjacent injury.
AB  - We sought to determine the effects of a cut injury on the thermal responsiveness
      of C-fiber nociceptors sensitive to heat and mechanical stimuli (CMHs). Teased
      fiber techniques were used to record from single CMHs that innervated the hairy
      skin of the monkey arm. Responses to heat stimuli ranging from 41 to 49 degrees C
      were compared before and after injury. In 11 CMHs, the injury was applied 4 mm
      peripheral to the edge of the receptive field. The response to the heat sequence
      was not significantly altered by this adjacent injury. In 16 CMHs, a cut was
      applied directly to the receptive field. This direct injury led to a significant
      increase in response to the sequence of heat stimuli (i.e., sensitization). It is
      concluded that spreading sensitization of C-fiber nociceptors to a cut injury
      does not occur in monkey.

PMID- 3362568
TI  - Analgesia or hyperalgesia following stress correlates with emotional behavior in
      rats.
AB  - Analgesia following exposure to a variety of noxious and non-noxious stressors is
      well documented and is commonly referred to as stress-induced analgesia.
      Hyperalgesia following stress has also been reported. The present study shows
      that a mild stressor (15 min of vibration) produced increased tail-flick
      latencies (TFL) in some rats, but decreased latencies in other rats. The results
      of the individual subjects were reproduced in a later session: the rats showing
      increased TFL on day 1, responded with increased TFL on day 2. Rats showing
      decreased TFL on day 1 responded with decreased TFL on day 2. Whichever reaction
      occurred, analgesia or hyperalgesia, this correlated with the animal's behavior
      during the stress procedure. Analgesia was produced in quiet rats and
      hyperalgesia in hyperemotional ones. Various peripheral nerve stimulation
      procedures producing hyperemotional reactions also resulted in lowering of the
      pain threshold. The results of the present study show behavioral modulation of
      pain mechanisms.

PMID- 3362569
TI  - Analgesia by low-frequency nerve stimulation mediated by low-threshold afferents
      in rats.
AB  - Several authors claim that analgesia by low-frequency peripheral nerve
      stimulation (transcutaneously or through inserted needles) depends on the
      activation of small-diameter A delta afferents. In the present study, a marked
      increase in pain threshold assessed by the squeak threshold test (vocalization to
      electric shocks delivered to the tail) was obtained by 2 Hz sciatic or radial
      nerve low-intensity stimulation, using single pulses. Conduction velocities of
      the activated nerve fibers ranged between 33.6 and 46.4 m/sec, which is
      consistent with activation of large afferent A fibers. This analgesic effect was
      reversed by naloxone (3 mg/kg i.v.). Thus, low-threshold afferents may contribute
      to the analgesic effect in addition to the previously reported high-threshold
      induced effect. High-intensity stimulation (5-6 times the threshold for visible
      muscular twitches), activating small-diameter afferents (A delta fibers) resulted
      in a decrease in pain threshold. Hyperalgesia also resulted from low-intensity
      stimulation using trains of pulses. The analgesic or hyperalgesic effects were
      correlated with the animal's behavior during stimulation. Analgesia was obtained
      in calm rats, who went to sleep regularly. When the rats showed signs of being
      distressed, hyperalgesia resulted. These findings may explain the occasional
      failure to obtain reduction in pain in anxious human patients by peripheral
      stimulation.

PMID- 3362570
TI  - Cell size analysis of primary neurons innervating the cornea and tooth pulp of
      the rat.
AB  - Primary neuronal cell bodies, whose peripheral axons comprised the cutaneous
      branch of the mylohyoid nerve or innervated the mandibular molar tooth pulp or
      the cornea, were labeled with HRP and their cross-sectional area was analyzed.
      Most of their cell bodies were smaller than 1000 microns2 in cross-sectional area
      and the histogram of each showed a unimodal pattern. The modes of percentage
      distribution were 100-200 microns2 (34.4%), 500-600 microns2 (17.4%) and 300-400
      microns2 (35.1%) for the mylohyoid nerve, the tooth pulp and the cornea,
      respectively. A comparison of the 3 histograms indicated that there were at least
      3 subpopulations of trigeminal primary neurons, i.e., small, medium, and large
      cells. Electron microscopically, the large primary neurons innervating the tooth
      pulp had endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm. The small primary
      neurons innervating the cornea showed a clear zonation of organelles and the
      endoplasmic reticulum was located in the periphery of the cytoplasm. The light
      microscopically identified small, medium and large cell groups may correspond to
      C-, A delta- and A beta-fibers. The tooth pulp and the cornea appear to receive
      mainly A beta-fibers and A delta-fibers, respectively. The cutaneous branch of
      the mylohyoid nerve appears to contain numerous C-fibers and progressively
      smaller proportions of A delta- and A beta-fibers.

PMID- 3362571
TI  - Experimental and field studies on the viability of eggs, and the infectivity of
      third-stage larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus recovered from the
      creek waters of the Niger Delta, Nigeria, and their epidemiological significance.
AB  - In a combined field and laboratory study, the eggs and 3rd-stage infective larvae
      of the human hookworm Necator americanus were recovered from the creek waters of
      the Niger Delta, Nigeria. They were tested for viability and infectivity. Eggs
      recovered from fresh water creeks showed a viability or hatching index of between
      17.5 and 23.7%. Eggs recovered from brackish water showed a viability index of
      18.8-21.4% in 'normal' cultures, and a maximum index of 6.3% when cultured in
      brackish water. The differences in the viability indices of these eggs were not
      significant (P greater than 0.05). Infective 3rd-stage larvae were recovered from
      both fresh creek water (205-258 L3/litre of water), and brackish water (45
      L3/litre of water). Larvae hatched from brackish water eggs that were cultured in
      the brackish water were 20% infective by 3 days, but lost all infective potential
      by 7 days post-hatching. Larvae from fresh water eggs, cultured in fresh water
      and 'normal' laboratory cultures reached 50% infectivity in 3-5 days, losing
      potential infectivity in 11-15 days post-hatching. The infectivity patterns of
      larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters did not differ
      significantly (P greater than 0.05) from the infectivity patterns of larvae
      recovered from laboratory cultures of eggs from all the experimental sources.
      Although larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters survived in
      these respective media under laboratory conditions, there was a significant
      difference (P less than 0.05) in their survival patterns. The survival and
      infectivity rates of field larvae were considerably reduced over time relative to
      control larvae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362572
TI  - Analysis of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens by immunoprecipitation and
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Antigenicity of adult Opisthorchis viverrini, metacercariae and eggs was
      investigated by radio-immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      using sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and from hamsters experimentally
      infected with O. viverrini metacercariae. 125I-labelled aqueous somatic extract
      and in vitro metabolic products of adult worms, and the extracts of metacercariae
      and eggs were immunoprecipitated, electrophoresed and autoradiographed and major
      antigens were characterized. Although components with Mr of greater than 116, 89,
      78 and 20 kD appeared to be specifically associated with the somatic extract of
      adult fluke, the 89 kD protein was the most prominent component found in the in
      vitro culture fluid of adult worms and the metacercarial extract. Hamsters,
      experimentally infected with O. viverrini, also showed the presence of antibody
      reactive with the 89 kD component within 15 days of infection. The potential of
      this antigen in immunodiagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3362573
TI  - Characterization of two species of Lepeophtheirus (Copepoda, Caligidae) from
      flatfishes. Description of Lepeophtheirus europaensis sp. nov.
AB  - In the eastern Mediterranean, the copepod Lepeophtheirus thompsoni Baird, 1850,
      has been reported to infest turbot, brill and flounder. By combining several
      methods, including enzyme electrophoresis, we show that this species is found
      only in turbot. By contrast, brill and flounder are infested by a species of
      Lepeophtheirus that corresponds to no other species reported in the literature.
      We propose that the species be designated as L. europaensis and we describe the
      characteristics of the gravid female. This study was extended to the Atlantic
      populations of flatfishes and includes an investigation of L. pectoralis (Muller,
      1776), which infects flounder in the North Sea; we also confirmed the presence of
      L. thompsoni (Baird, 1850) over the whole geographic range of turbot. Lastly, we
      discuss the specificity and distribution of these species along the European
      coasts.

PMID- 3362575
TI  - The population biology of the parasitic stages of Haemonchus contortus.
AB  - The population biology of the parasitic phase of the Haemonchus contortus life
      cycle is discussed within the context of a mathematical model of those processes
      which regulate population density. Parasite death is assumed to be attributable
      to at least three processes: failure of the 3rd-stage larvae (L3) to exsheath
      following ingestion, failure to become established following exsheathment (immune
      exclusion), and mortality of 4th- and 5th-stage worms on the mucosal surface. The
      proportion of worms which avoid immune exclusion is a declining sigmoidal
      function of the duration of infection, at least under conditions of continual
      exposure to L3 larvae. Under the same conditions, the death rate of 4th- and 5th
      stage worms can be modelled as an increasing linear function of the host's
      experience of 3rd-stage larvae. The model provides a good description of the worm
      burdens observed during the course of a long-term trickle infection experiment
      even though a priori arguments indicate that it would be an inadequate
      representation of events in the field.

PMID- 3362574
TI  - The importance of host age and sex to patterns of reinfection with Ascaris
      lumbricoides following mass anthelmintic treatment in a South Indian fishing
      community.
AB  - Analysis of egg and worm counts of Ascaris recorded at various intervals
      following a mass anthelmintic treatment programme in a South Indian fishing
      community is presented. Three indices of infection in the community are compared,
      namely the prevalence and intensity of egg output (at 2, 6 and 11 months
      following treatment) and the number of worms expelled following an 11 month
      period of reinfection. Detailed examination of these measurements revealed
      significant associations with patient sex and age. The age-prevalence profile of
      Ascaris infection changed little over time (except immediately following
      treatment) with the peak prevalence found in the 5-9 year age group. Although 85%
      of both males and females harboured Ascaris initially, the prevalence following
      11 months reinfection was decreased, due to a significantly lower proportion of
      males being reinfected. By the 11th month of reinfection, the age-intensity
      profiles of egg output were similar to those observed at initial treatment in the
      older age groups (10 years and above) and in male children (less than 10 years).
      However, a dramatic increase in the egg output of female children, greatly
      exceeding the initial mean, was observed within a 6 month period of reinfection.
      The intensity of egg output did not accurately reflect the abundance of Ascaris
      recovered via drug-induced expulsion following an 11 month period of reinfection.
      Although the egg output attained preintervention levels, the average worm
      intensity reached only half the initial value. The trends in the sex- and age
      intensity profiles were consistent at the two sampling dates and showed similar
      patterns to the egg output curves. The relevance of the results to helminth
      control and the monitoring of reinfection is discussed.

PMID- 3362576
TI  - The epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniasis in southern France: classical
      theory offers another explanation of the data.
AB  - This paper describes a compartmental model incorporating biological details of
      the transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis in southern France. In contrast
      to earlier, empirical models (Jolivet, 1977; Rioux, Croset & Lanotte, 1977) the
      new model (1) predicts a threshold density of sandflies below which transmission
      cannot be sustained, (2) suggests that, until better data become available, the
      maximum prevalence of infection obtained at high sandfly density should be
      considered an unknown quantity.

PMID- 3362577
TI  - The relation between the number of parasites/host and host age: population
      dynamic causes and maximum likelihood estimation.
AB  - We examined dynamical factors that shape the distribution of the number of
      parasites/host in constant or temporally varying environments, and with or
      without host-age dependent variation in host susceptibility and parasite
      mortality. We predict properties of the parasite distribution in the absence of
      density-dependent factors such as density-dependent mortality of recruitment and
      parasite-induced host mortality. These properties provide a criterion for the
      detection of density dependence in temporally variable systems with host-age
      dependent interactions. We have then introduced methods to estimate and
      statistically evaluate the effects of host age or size on the distribution of
      parasites/host. The methods are based on a maximum likelihood protocol for linear
      and non-linear regression when data are negatively binomially distributed. We
      have illustrated the use of the theoretical results and statistical methods by re
      analysing the data of Halvorsen & Andersen (1984) on cestode infections in
      Norwegian arctic charr and by analysing new data on nematode infections in
      Caribbean Anolis lizards.

PMID- 3362578
TI  - A model of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomiasis.
AB  - The data needed to develop analytical models of trypanosomiasis transmission have
      become available only recently. By making some simplifying assumptions, models of
      the dynamics of the disease in vector, cattle and wild mammal populations can be
      constructed in order to determine criteria for successful disease control by mass
      and targetted chemotherapy, and by vector control. The heterogeneity in
      transmission due to tsetse fly feeding preferences and the variability of
      immunological characteristics among the vertebrate hosts account for differences
      in prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense, and also lead to an
      increase in the basic reproductive rates of the parasites and a corresponding
      decrease in the vector population density threshold for disease eradication or
      persistence. The long life-span of the vectors relative to the duration of the
      parasites' developmental period lead to high infection rates in the vector and
      high values of R0. The efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimes depends on the
      relationship between treatment rate and the duration of prophylaxis conferred by
      the drugs used. The model's predictions of the effects of vector control are
      shown to be in broad agreement with published field data for Mkwaja Ranch,
      Tanzania. Vector control programmes are frequently blighted by reinvasion, and
      the implications of this are discussed in terms of a model for fly immigration.
      With immigration of vectors, the disease is always endemic, though the infection
      rate in the fly population is modified by the effect of differential mortalities
      inside and outside the controlled area on cohorts of incubating flies.
      Sensitivity analysis of the model, using Monte-Carlo methods, enables an
      assessment of the relative importance of the parameters to be made. The results
      emphasize the need for studies of the wild animal reservoir to be carried out
      alongside entomological surveys. The relative accuracy with which field
      measurements need to be made in order to minimize the uncertainty in predictions
      of trypanosomiasis prevalence is discussed.

PMID- 3362579
TI  - Susceptibility of goats to tsetse-transmitted challenge with Trypanosoma vivax
      from East and West Africa.
AB  - To determine if, as is the case with Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense,
      serodemes of T. vivax could be distinguished on the basis of immunity to the
      metacyclic stages of the parasite, attempts were made to immunize goats by
      infection with infected tsetse, followed by chemotherapy or eventual 'self-cure'.
      Thirty goats were infected by tsetse with either clones or stocks of T. vivax
      from East or West Africa. Twenty-four goats were treated with diminazene
      aceturate (Berenil, Hoechst A.G.) 2-6 weeks after infection and 6 goats were
      allowed to self-cure. Infection, followed by treatment, induced immunity to a
      first homologous challenge by infected tsetse in only 2 of 24 goats (one immune
      to the East African stock, and the other to a clone of the West African stock).
      Immunity to a clone of the East African stock was induced in 3 or 4 animals after
      a second infection and treatment and in the fourth animal of the group following
      a third infection and treatment. One of 2 goats infected with the clone of the
      East African stock was immune to challenge at 16 weeks, following self-cure
      without treatment, and 1 of 4 goats infected with the parent stock was similarly
      immune when challenged at 40 weeks post-infection. Goats susceptible to infection
      with East African T. vivax showed evidence of partial immunity by delayed pre
      patent periods and depressed parasitaemias after challenge. Goats infected with
      the relatively more virulent West African T. vivax were, however, completely
      susceptible to infection after homologous challenge, and showed only a slight
      delay in pre-patent period. A similar result was obtained in a further 8 goats
      primed and challenged by large numbers of tsetse (20 or 100 infected tsetse/goat)
      with the West African T. vivax. In further experiments using a very short
      treatment interval, infections following challenge were clearly shown to be the
      result of a lack of immunity rather than relapse following treatment. Lytic
      antibody activity to cultured metacyclic trypanosomes could not be detected
      during infection but such activity against bloodstream forms was detected after 2
      weeks of infection. It is suggested that the primary reason for the erratic
      induction of immunity to T. vivax employing this methodology is the low number of
      metacyclics transmitted by infected tsetse, and thus poor antigenic stimulus
      encountered by goats upon tsetse challenge.

PMID- 3362580
TI  - Changes in the organization of the surface membrane upon transformation of
      cercariae to schistosomula of the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Merocyanin 540 (Mc540) is a fluorescent compound which is thought to bind to
      membranes in which there are substantial amounts of lipid in the lipid
      crystalline phase. It is shown here to be of value in detecting the
      transformation by both mechanical and skin-penetration methods of the cercaria to
      the schistosomulum. The cercaria does not appear to bind Mc540, but the
      schistosomulum, binds Mc540 initially, in its anterior region, and at later times
      over the entire surface. The suggestion that transformation involves changes in
      the surface membrane lipid phase from gel to liquid-crystalline phase is
      supported by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching results with 5-N
      (octadecanoyl)-amino fluorescein, a lipophilic dye which appears to be immobile
      in the cercaria, but fully mobile in the 40 min schistosomulum.

PMID- 3362581
TI  - [Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation in disordered innervation of the skeletal
      muscles].

PMID- 3362582
TI  - [The rhythm of heart contractions in patients with total closed injuries of the
      brachial plexus trunks].

PMID- 3362583
TI  - [Ulcer formation in the gastric mucosa of rats as affected by catecholamines].

PMID- 3362584
TI  - [Characteristics of changes in blood circulation and adrenergic activation from
      placing rats in a narrow cage and their immobilization on a board].

PMID- 3362585
TI  - [Functional interhemispheric relations in the initial period of androgenic
      stress].

PMID- 3362586
TI  - [Interaction of opioid peptides and the calcium-regulating glands in stress].

PMID- 3362587
TI  - [Experimental study of the immunocorrective properties of alpha-tocopherol in
      stress].

PMID- 3362588
TI  - [Dependence of the erythrocyte count on the intensity of the local blood flow in
      the skin of human fingers].

PMID- 3362589
TI  - [Determination of the number of specific glucocorticoid receptors in the cytosol
      of human veins].

PMID- 3362590
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the myocardium during stimulation of the accelerator
      nerve of the heart in dogs].

PMID- 3362591
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of the effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the
      contractile function of the isolated heart].

PMID- 3362592
TI  - [Activity of mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzyme and cardiac contractile
      function in experimental coronary failure].

PMID- 3362593
TI  - [Effect of craniocerebral hypothermia on energy metabolism of the myocardium].

PMID- 3362594
TI  - [Interrelations of central and regional hemodynamics in the postresuscitation
      period in patients with severe trauma and blood loss].

PMID- 3362595
TI  - [Dynamic biochemical indices of the blood serum in acute experimental ischemia of
      the extremities].

PMID- 3362596
TI  - [Device for determining the frequency of cardiac contractions and respiration in
      small laboratory animals].

PMID- 3362597
TI  - [Nonspecific components of cardiac pathology].

PMID- 3362599
TI  - [Health status of girl gymnasts].

PMID- 3362598
TI  - [Experience in solving clinico-pathophysiological tasks in practical lessons on
      pathological physiology].

PMID- 3362600
TI  - [The course and outcome of hepatitis A and B in children].

PMID- 3362601
TI  - [Status of the local immunological defense of the intestines in infants under 1
      year of age with long-term hypotrophy].

PMID- 3362602
TI  - [Severe complications of chickenpox in children].

PMID- 3362604
TI  - [Interrelation between the morphofunctional state of biological membranes and
      enteral assimilation of carbohydrates in children with acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3362603
TI  - [Roentgenological changes in the paranasal sinuses of children with an
      uncomplicated course of acute respiratory viral infection].

PMID- 3362605
TI  - [The allergic factor in chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis in preschool
      children].

PMID- 3362606
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of intestinal absorption in healthy children].

PMID- 3362607
TI  - [Absorption of amino acids in chronic intestinal diseases in children].

PMID- 3362608
TI  - [Early and late catamnestic data regarding children with celiac disease].

PMID- 3362609
TI  - [Clinical value of determining zinc levels in children with celiac disease].

PMID- 3362611
TI  - [Primary meningeal candidiasis in premature infants].

PMID- 3362610
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of the measles vaccine process in
      frequently ill children].

PMID- 3362612
TI  - [Gangrene in newborn infants].

PMID- 3362613
TI  - [Catamnestic data of patients with the diabetes insipidus syndrome].

PMID- 3362614
TI  - [Tasks of public health authorities and institutions in relation to the further
      improvement of medical services for mothers and children].

PMID- 3362617
TI  - [Status and prospects of the development of sanatorium-health resort services for
      children in the Ukrainian S.S.R].

PMID- 3362615
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopathies in children at a polyclinic].

PMID- 3362616
TI  - [Maternal care as one of the factors of the effective treatment of the child].

PMID- 3362618
TI  - [Results and prospects of cooperation between the Institute of Pediatrics, the
      USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, and the therapeutic-preventive institutions of
      the Brezhnev region of Moscow].

PMID- 3362619
TI  - [Pathogenesis of respiratory disorders in intestinal infections in children and
      their infusion therapy].

PMID- 3362620
TI  - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children].

PMID- 3362622
TI  - [Bacterial flora of duodenal content in children with gastroduodenobiliary
      pathology].

PMID- 3362621
TI  - [Injection-related nerve injuries in children and their prevention and
      treatment].

PMID- 3362623
TI  - [A case of severe course of botulism].

PMID- 3362624
TI  - [Use of hemosorption in a 10-month-old infant with Lyell's syndrome].

PMID- 3362626
TI  - The Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement: a suggested index for specific learning
      disabilities.
AB  - An index for specific learning disabilities of six signs or symptoms, taken as a
      group, is described. Preliminary work encourages cross-validation.

PMID- 3362625
TI  - Sequencing and orientation difficulties in reading Kannada script.

PMID- 3362627
TI  - Twisting the night away: the effects of all night disco dancing on reaction time.
AB  - 8 subjects performed an unprepared simple reaction time task for 20 min. every 2
      hr. while taking part in an all night disco dancing marathon (continuous
      exercise) and during a control (no exercise) night. Mean reaction times were
      significantly faster and less variable during the dance marathon. It was
      suggested that the effects of continuous exercise in the form of disco dancing
      may be to reduce drowsiness which in turn assists performance.

PMID- 3362628
TI  - Referential communication abilities of learning-disabled, language-learning
      disabled, and normal school-age children.
AB  - Past research in referential communication has indicated normally developing
      children show developmental progression in ability to communicate a specific
      referent to a listener. In one paradigm subjects were given lists of word-pairs
      in which one member of each pair was designated as the referent. It was shown
      that communicating about referents found in word-pairs associated in some way was
      more difficult than communicating about referents in dissimilar word-pairs. The
      present study extended this methodology to learning-disabled children. Learning
      disabled, language-learning-disabled, and normally achieving children were asked
      to communicate about 30 pictured referents on three different tasks. On Tasks 1
      and 2 each subject was asked to give a clue for the referent that would
      distinguish it from the other picture. Stimuli for Task 1 were 30 pairs of
      pictures that were related in some way and the stimuli for Task 2 were 30 pairs
      of unrelated pictures. Task 3 required the subjects to evaluate the adequacy of
      the examiner's clues for Task 1 stimuli. The disabled subjects were matched to
      the normally achieving subjects on the basis of receptive vocabulary age. Few
      differences were noted among the groups' performances on these referential
      communication tasks. Implications include the importance of vocabulary and
      concept development to referential communication.

PMID- 3362630
TI  - Experimental design considerations in studies of event-related potentials to word
      and nonword stimuli.
AB  - A recent paper by Katayama and associates (1987) reported differences in late
      negative components of the event-related potentials to non-words versus
      semantically deviant words in a randomized sequence. This comparison was
      confounded with differences in response requirements between the two stimulus
      classes.

PMID- 3362629
TI  - Bilateral transfer in mentally retarded children of ages 7 to 17 years.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of age on bilateral transfer
      of mildly mentally retarded girls (IQs of 70 to 90) after practice on a 45-rpm
      rotary pursuit task. Subjects were 96 girls from 7 to 17 yr. old. Each performed
      14 trials on a rotary pursuit task (30-sec. trials, 10 sec. between trials), half
      performing the first seven trials with the nonpreferred hand, using the preferred
      hand on the next seven trials. The order was reversed for the remaining subjects.
      Nonsignificant differences between Trial 1 scores of the two groups indicated
      that the task was novel. Trial 1 scores of both groups were positively associated
      with age (r = 0.5). There was no transfer to preferred hand, with negative
      transfer occurring to the nonpreferred hand. It was concluded that, for the task
      used in this study, mentally retarded girls do not experience positive bilateral
      transfer as do normal, age-matched girls.

PMID- 3362631
TI  - Assessing social desirability in family self-report.
AB  - This study focused on social desirability in family members' self-reports. 32
      clinical families (93 family members) were given self-report measures from the
      McMaster and Circumplex family-assessment models and a measure of social
      desirability. Clinicians assessed these families on clinical rating scales from
      the same models. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship
      between self-reports, social desirability scores, and clinicians' ratings. It was
      expected that social desirability would be a suppressor variable (i.e., when
      accounted for, the similarity between clinicians' and family members' ratings
      would be enhanced). This did not occur; instead, social desirability was
      significantly but negatively correlated with ratings of pathology. Results
      provide evidence that correcting for social desirability on clinical pencil-and
      paper tests is not supported.

PMID- 3362632
TI  - A champagne glass illusion.

PMID- 3362633
TI  - Accuracy of estimations of body-frame size as a function of sex and actual frame
      size.
AB  - Body-frame size is an important factor in determining an optimal body weight for
      a given height. Previous studies have indicated that many individuals incorrectly
      estimate their body-frame size, and, as a result, incorrectly assess their ideal
      weight. The present study investigated the accuracy of estimation of body-frame
      size as a function of sex and actual frame size. The subjects were 66 men and 52
      women participating in a community adult fitness program. Data indicated that
      medium-framed individuals were the most accurate in their estimations of body
      frame size. Also, women were twice as likely to be accurate as were men. These
      results are interpreted to mean that most people assume they are medium-framed
      and that there is a sex difference in the way body-frame size is estimated.

PMID- 3362634
TI  - Pilot study for objective measurement of pain: method and analyses of basic
      factors for normative data.
AB  - A plate-pushing task was devised to measure endogenous pain objectively. As
      normative data, performance of no-pain subjects sustaining a certain level of
      pressure by a hand over 5 min. was analyzed for sex, dominance of hands,
      transference to the opposite hand, and effect of repetition. Analysis indicated
      that order of dominance of hands was efficient and improvement along repetition
      of five times within three weeks was observed regarding the SD of 201 digits of
      pressure level. Also, analyses based on histograms of percents of deviation from
      a standard level and transitional profiles of pressure level were constructed.
      They were considered to be other useful aspects. Lastly, the case of a subject
      who had pain was studied. The task seems a promising means of objective
      measurement of pain to contrast performance accompanied by pain with one without
      pain.

PMID- 3362635
TI  - Effects of intimacy of therapist's self-disclosure and formality on perceptions
      of credibility in an initial interview.
AB  - A therapist's expertness, trustworthiness, empathy, and attractiveness were
      evaluated by 300 subjects after viewing a 5-min. videotape of a therapist-client
      interaction. Therapist's level of self-disclosure and formality were the
      independent variables. Ratings of trustworthiness were highest when the therapist
      was informal. Therapist's high disclosure of depression yielded decreased ratings
      of attractiveness, empathy, and expertness in comparison with no disclosure by
      the therapist.

PMID- 3362636
TI  - Aberrancies in associative processes in a patient with bipolar affective disorder
      and panic attacks.

PMID- 3362637
TI  - Stress and suicidal ideation.

PMID- 3362638
TI  - Handedness, footedness, and eyedness.
AB  - There is no agreement in the literature on whether there are associations among
      handedness, footedness, and eyedness among normal populations. These need to be
      clarified before studying abnormal populations. The majority of people have a
      right-sided preference for each of the three measures of laterality and hence
      some association is to be expected due to chance alone. Using three categories of
      laterality a statistical method which is new to these sorts of data has been used
      which allows the observed percentage agreement to be compared with that expected
      by chance for all three measures together (as well as in pairs). Its application
      to data from a sample of 192 young naval recruits suggests that there probably is
      a generalised dimension of motor laterality, at least among males.

PMID- 3362639
TI  - Retrospective time judgements and clock duration.
AB  - Retrospective time judgements of intervals of 16- and 32-sec. duration were
      obtained by the method of reproduction. The two intervals were filled either with
      identical or different stimulus events. Time judgments were influenced by the
      interval events and by the clock duration of the interval. The results are
      discussed in relation to various hypotheses of retrospective and prospective
      timing.

PMID- 3362640
TI  - Replication of nonvocal system for teaching nonreaders to read in an adult
      training centre.
AB  - An attempt was made to replicate a study to evaluate a system used by Kuntz, et
      al. in 1978 to teach children with mental handicaps to read. The original study
      was done in a children's hospital training centre with children who had
      considerable communication difficulties, whereas the present study was undertaken
      with adults with mental handicaps in an adult training centre. In the UK, adult
      training centres are currently at the centre of service provision by Social
      Services for the instruction of adults with mental handicaps, providing both a
      sheltered workshop and a practical educational situation. Nine out of 33
      nonreaders completed the programme so the success rate was well short of that of
      the original study.

PMID- 3362641
TI  - Contrast and assimilation in the Baldwin illusion.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted to investigate the role of "large" squares on the
      occurrence of assimilation and contrast in the Baldwin illusion. In Exps. 1 and
      2, in which subjects reproduced the length of the test line, large squares
      induced illusions of assimilation. In Exp. 3, reproduction of the entire length
      of the test line also resulted in illusions of assimilation but bisection of the
      test line and reproduction of one-half the length of the test line resulted in
      contrast. Exp. 4 replicated the findings involving judgments of one-half the
      length of the test line. Over-all, the results indicate that judgments of one
      half the length of the test line result in contrast, whereas judgments of the
      entire extent result in assimilation.

PMID- 3362642
TI  - Phenomenal thickness of a transparent surface.
AB  - Two basic phenomenal properties of an achromatic transparent surface have so far
      been reported in the literature, namely, density and lightness. This paper
      provides experimental support for a new phenomenal variable, the visual thickness
      of a transparent surface. The more transparent is a surface, the less thick it
      appears.

PMID- 3362644
TI  - Excitor-inhibitor scales of the MMPI and choice of method for suicide: a pilot
      study.

PMID- 3362643
TI  - Cardiac and behavioral responses to rocking stimulations in one- and three-month
      old infants.
AB  - Cardiac and behavioral reactions to lateral rocking stimulations were analysed at
      two different ages (1 and 3 months) and at two speeds of motion for the younger
      infants. Sixteen 1- and 3-mo.-old infants received 12 10-sec. trials of four
      complete cycles of vestibulokinesthetic stimulation (rapid rocking) and another
      group of 10 1-mo.-olds received one complete cycle in the same time period (slow
      rocking) provided by a motorized cradle. Stimulations were given when infants
      were in an alert state. Rapid and slow rocking induced similar cardiac responses
      in younger infants; these responses varied according to the type of motor
      reaction observed at stimulus onset. Cardiac acceleration was shown with motor
      activation and cardiac deceleration with motor quieting. In 3-mo.-olds, cardiac
      deceleration appeared with both types of motor reaction. A strong link between
      cardiac and behavioral responses in younger infants may prevent the occurrence of
      the usual simple cardiac index of orienting (heart-rate deceleration). In older
      infants, cardiac deceleration to rocking stimulation appeared even when it
      produced concomitant behavioral arousal. Vestibulokinesthetic stimulation is
      interpreted as having an important homeostatic effect on the young organism.

PMID- 3362645
TI  - Effect of mouth opening on bite-force discrimination.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether different extents of mouth
      opening affect normal subjects' (N = 24; 12 women, 12 men) ability to
      discriminate differences in their interincisor bite force. Three mouth openings
      were selected including 50, 70, and 90 percent of maximum opening for each
      subject. Bite force was measured using a specially designed strain gauge scale
      which permitted subjects to monitor visually when their biting force equalled a
      preset resistance. Resistance forces of 500 and 1000 gm. were selected as
      standards. The procedure involved the use of a modified method of constant
      stimuli in which each subject was presented with a series of paired resistance
      settings, one at a time--the first resistance setting being the standard and the
      second resistance was the comparator. This paired-comparisons procedure was
      continued until the subjects' difference limen (DL) value (the threshold of
      discrimination between two forces) could be established. An analysis of variance
      yielded no significant differences in subjects' ability to discriminate bite
      force as a function of mouth opening.

PMID- 3362646
TI  - Judgments of horizontality of still water: effects of perceptual and cognitive
      factors.
AB  - Three experiments examined failure to solve the Piagetian water-level
      horizontality task in terms of artifacts of experimental procedure, perceptual
      characteristics of the task, and the physical principles involved in the task.
      The possibility that rotational set accounts for task failure was examined in
      Exp. 1 (N = 154 college students) with no evidence of an effect, although the
      spatial tasks used correlated with performance on the horizontality task for
      women but not for men. In Exp. 2 (N = 159) a procedure of focussing attention on
      the movement of water and air using a carpenter's level also did not affect
      horizontality performance. However, Exp. 3 confirmed that performance (N = 57) on
      the horizontality task was related to understanding the basic principle of the
      level. These results were discussed in terms of possible experiences of the
      subjects as well as the relative contributions of perceptual and cognitive
      factors.

PMID- 3362647
TI  - Asymmetry in perception of movement-in-depth of a luminous rotating spiral.

PMID- 3362648
TI  - Rapid discrimination of visual patterns in children and adults.
AB  - Rapid visual discrimination in children (9 to 11 yr.) and adults was investigated
      using two tasks in which the subject had to search for a target pattern embedded
      in 35 background patterns. The time available for inspecting the search arrays
      was altered by varying the stimulus duration. In one task, there was a large
      difference in the feature or 'texton' content of patterns between the target and
      the background; in the other, this difference was small. In the first task, the
      children could detect the target pattern in a briefly flashed search array with
      high accuracy, because the target 'popped out' perceptually from the array, but
      in the second task the same detection rate was not reached until the stimulus
      duration was much longer, since a serial searching strategy was required. Results
      achieved by children and adults were similar. It seems that serial visual search
      is as efficient in children as in adults.

PMID- 3362649
TI  - Memory deficits in psychiatric outpatients and affective ratings of positive and
      neutral lists of words.
AB  - The experimental findings on memory deficits from hospitalized psychiatric
      patients were applied to the recall and recognition memory of outpatients. Two
      positive and one list of 25 neutral words each were learned by the subjects for
      recognition and then rated as an orienting task during rehearsal for recall. On
      the first positive list, compared to 20 controls, the 7 patients showed
      substantial recall deficits, but recognition memory and affective ratings were
      relatively normal. On the subsequent positive list, outpatients' recall memory
      declined and did not recover after shifting to neutral words on the third list.
      There was little evidence for the build-up of interference, instead factors such
      as fatigue may affect patients' recall memory. Recognition memory showed signs of
      interference contributing to the patients' deficits. Psychiatric outpatients have
      significant recall deficits, less severe recognition deficits, and attitude
      problems that may contribute to the high rate of readmissions.

PMID- 3362650
TI  - Elderhostelers' coping with nuclear threat: peacemaking and Perception of
      Lifeworld.
AB  - 37 persons whose mean age was 71.1 yr., volunteered from an Elderhostel program
      to participate in a quasiexperimental study of the effect of strategy for coping
      with nuclear threat on a planetary or lifeworld view. Coping strategy was
      assessed by the score on 10 forced-choice items of the Peacemaking questionnaire.
      When 14 high and 10 low scorers were compared on Perception of Lifeworld scores,
      only chance differences were noted. For this small sample, many scores reached
      ceiling value because of the insensitivity of the Peacemaking questionnaire.
      Highly truncated data were also attributed to the fact that Elderhostelers had
      lived through periods of war and peace. Also, this pilot study coincided with
      stories in the media in commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the bombing
      of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Replication was recommended.

PMID- 3362652
TI  - Relations of basic arithmetic and motor skills in deaf elementary school
      children.
AB  - 3 segregated groups of Arab and Jewish deaf children of CA 10;9 (n = 28) were
      compared with a group of hearing Arab first graders (CA = 6;10, n = 32) on tests
      of basic arithmetic, static balance control, and the ability to suppress
      synkinetic finger movements. The hearing-impaired performed as well on arithmetic
      tasks and on the tests of synkinetic control as their normal peers who were four
      years younger, while on static balance they were even inferior to the latter.
      Significant correlations were found between the basic arithmetic and motor
      skills, within the hearing as well as within the hearing-impaired groups; these
      remained significant even within the small subgroups of the latter. As these
      results cannot be accounted for by low intelligence and neurological
      disturbances, or by direct or indirect effects of deficient language development,
      the assumption is supported that some type of neurological immaturity, unrelated
      to hearing loss, interferes with the acquisition of numerical skills in deaf
      children.

PMID- 3362651
TI  - IQ test scatter may not be an index of psychosocial adjustment.

PMID- 3362653
TI  - Perceptions of family environments, educational and occupational outcomes: social
      status differences.
AB  - Regression surface analysis was used to examine relations between various family
      environment measures and young adults' educational and occupational outcomes.
      Data were collected from 330 Australians as part of a 10-year longitudinal study.
      The regression models included terms to account for possible linear, interaction,
      and curvilinear relationships. In general, the analysis suggests the proposition
      that parents' aspirations and adolescents' perceptions of parents' support for
      learning have differential linear and curvilinear associations with the
      educational and occupational outcomes of young adults from different social
      status groups.

PMID- 3362654
TI  - Dietary pyridoxine loadings affect incidence of "spontaneous" seizures among
      magnesium-deprived Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - The "spontaneous" tetanic attacks in magnesium (Mg) deficiency resemble those
      occurring in pyridoxine (Pyr) deficiency. A common mechanism may underlie both
      seizure patterns. Nine groups (n = 10) of male Mongolian gerbils that were Mg
      deprived, Pyr-deprived, or both were used to explore this possibility. The
      animals were tested for spontaneous seizing in an open field at four-day
      intervals over 40 days. By the end of the period, 70% of the gerbils that were
      both Mg- and Pyr-deprived had seized, and 90% had died. One fatality, but no
      seizures, occurred among Pyr-deprived groups given 500 to 2,000 ppm Mg in the
      food. No seizures occurred among the Mg-deprived groups fed 20 to 100 ppm Pyr,
      though several animals given 20 ppm Pyr died. Deaths and seizures occurred within
      Mg-deprived groups fed more than 100 ppm Pyr. A possible role of Pyr in Mg
      metabolism is discussed.

PMID- 3362655
TI  - Temporal lobe signs and personality characteristics.
AB  - Mature university students (14 men and 16 women) were asked to complete the 16 PF
      and a scale that samples temporal lobe signs in the normal population. People who
      reported frequent temporal lobe experiences were more emotionally unstable,
      impulsive, emotionally sensitive (imaginative inner self, actions based upon
      intuition and self-anxiety), and tense (free-floating anxiety). The results were
      compatible with personality characteristics of people who report "temporal lobe
      experiences" and have been assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
      Inventory and the California Personality Inventory.

PMID- 3362656
TI  - Physiological responses of obese subjects to external stimuli.
AB  - Physiological arousal was measured in 11 obese and 11 normal-weight subjects
      during presentation of emotive, food, and neutral stimuli. No differential
      arousal (heart rate, temperature, GSR, and EMG on frontalis muscle) between the
      groups was obtained for any of the three types of stimuli. Discrepancies between
      the present findings and earlier results are discussed.

PMID- 3362657
TI  - Short-term haptic memory for three-dimensional objects.
AB  - In 8 experiments college students felt 32 geometric objects and were tested in a
      signal-detection framework to same or distractor items. Retention intervals and
      intervening experiences were also manipulated following initial touching. In all
      instances performance was high, and there was no evidence of a decline in haptic
      sensitivity over the retention intervals employed. These surprising results were
      interpreted as consistent with the 1985 contention of Klatzky, Lederman, and
      Metzger that the haptic modality constitutes an expert system.

PMID- 3362658
TI  - Cross-dimensional interaction and texture segregation.

PMID- 3362659
TI  - Visual phase resolution for gray-scale textures.

PMID- 3362660
TI  - Sex and hand-preference effects in the simultaneous and consecutive
      discrimination of lifted weight.

PMID- 3362661
TI  - Adaptation and cross-adaptation of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid mixtures.

PMID- 3362662
TI  - Perception of complex motion paths under three conditions of stimulation.

PMID- 3362663
TI  - Uniqueness of abrupt visual onset in capturing attention.

PMID- 3362666
TI  - Effects of type of responding on memory/visual search: responding just "yes" or
      just "no" can lead to inflexible performance.

PMID- 3362665
TI  - The effect of area, separation, and dichoptic presentation on the perception of
      achromatic color.

PMID- 3362664
TI  - The face-detection effect: configuration enhances detection.

PMID- 3362667
TI  - Spatial updating in blind and sighted people.

PMID- 3362668
TI  - Auditory perceptual learning of tonal patterns.

PMID- 3362669
TI  - The influence of peripheral stimuli on the amount and direction of autokinesis.

PMID- 3362670
TI  - High expression of functional adenovirus DNA polymerase and precursor terminal
      protein using recombinant vaccinia virus.
AB  - Initiation of Adenovirus (Ad) DNA replication occurs by a protein-priming
      mechanism in which the viral precursor terminal protein (pTP) and DNA polymerase
      (pol) as well as two nuclear DNA-binding proteins from uninfected HeLa cells are
      required. Biochemical studies on the pTP and DNA polymerase proteins separately
      have been hampered due to their low abundance and their presence as a pTP-pol
      complex in Ad infected cells. We have constructed a genomic sequence containing
      the large open reading frame from the Ad5 pol gene to which 9 basepairs from a
      putative exon were ligated. When inserted behind a modified late promoter of
      vaccinia virus the resulting recombinant virus produced enzymatically active 140
      kDa Ad DNA polymerase. The same strategy was applied to express the 80 kDa pTP
      gene in a functional form. Both proteins were overexpressed at least 30-fold
      compared to extracts from Adenovirus infected cells and, when combined, were
      fully active for initiation in an in vitro Adenovirus DNA replication system.

PMID- 3362671
TI  - Expression of the rpl23, rpl2 and rps19 genes in spinach chloroplasts.
AB  - The expression of the spinach rpl23, rpl2 and rps19 chloroplast genes has been
      studied. The rpl23 gene identified in tobacco and Marchantia, is split into two
      overlapping reading frames in spinach. S1 mapping has shown that initiation sites
      could occur upstream of each reading frames. A large transcription unit is also
      present covering the rpl2 and rps19 genes. The rps19 and rpl2 gene products are
      identified by NH2-terminal amino acid sequences. They correspond to spinach
      chloroplast ribosomal proteins CS-S23 and CS-L4, respectively. No product of the
      rpl23 gene was detected in the chloroplast 50S ribosomal subunit. This strongly
      suggest that a corresponding gene has been transfered into the nucleus.

PMID- 3362672
TI  - Characterization by human antibodies of two HeLa cell proteins which are related
      to Xenopus laevis transcription factor TFIIIA.
AB  - The sera of two patients with autoimmune disorders recognize in HeLa cell
      extracts two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 37,000 (p37) daltons and
      32,000 daltons (p32). These proteins are non covalently associated with 5S RNA
      and sediment as 7-10 S particles in sucrose density gradients. Both proteins are
      antigenetically related to TFIIIA, a previously described protein of Xenopus
      laevis, which is known as a 5S RNA transcription factor and occurs in oocytes as
      a noncovalent complex with 5S RNA. Like TFIIIA, HeLa cell proteins p37 binds in
      vitro to 5S RNA and to cloned 5S RNA genes. These results suggest that protein
      p37 fulfils in HeLa cells a function similar to that of TFIIIA in amphibian
      oocytes, ie control of 5S RNA transcription.

PMID- 3362673
TI  - Sequence-specific binding of luzopeptin to DNA.
AB  - We have examined the binding of luzopeptin, an antitumor antibiotic, to five DNA
      fragments of varying base composition. The drug forms a tight, possibly covalent,
      complex with the DNA causing a reduction in mobility on nondenaturing
      polyacrylamide gels and some smearing of the bands consistent with intramolecular
      cross-linking of DNA duplexes. DNAase I and micrococcal nuclease footprinting
      experiments suggest that the drug binds best to regions containing alternating A
      and T residues, although no consensus di- or trinucleotide sequence emerges.
      Binding to other sites is not excluded and at moderate ligand concentrations the
      DNA is almost totally protected from enzyme attack. Ligand-induced enhancement of
      DNAase I cleavage is observed at both AT and GC-rich regions. The sequence
      selectivity and characteristics of luzopeptin binding are quite different from
      those of echinomycin, a bifunctional intercalator of related structure.

PMID- 3362674
TI  - Transcriptional activity and factor binding are stimulated by separate and
      distinct sequences in the 5' flanking region of a mouse tRNAAsp gene.
AB  - The transcriptional properties of two cloned mouse tRNAAsp genes were examined in
      vitro. The tRNA(2Asp) gene displays a five fold greater transcriptional activity
      than the tRNA(1Asp) gene and a greater ability to form stable complexes with
      transcription factors. Transcription of a hybrid gene with swapped 5' flanking
      sequences and of 5' flanking region deletion mutants demonstrates that the
      differential transcription of the genes results from stimulatory sequences in the
      5' flanking region of the tRNA(2Asp) gene. Distal sequences including those
      between positions -53 and -31 stimulate transcription but do not affect factor
      binding. Proximal sequences between positions -9 and -1 enhance factor binding.
      Thus, binding of transcription factors and later steps required for transcription
      can be modulated by separate and distinct 5' flanking sequence motifs in
      eukaryotic tRNA genes.

PMID- 3362675
TI  - A putative ancestral actin gene present in a thermophilic eukaryote: novel
      combination of intron positions.
AB  - The gene encoding actin in the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus has
      been isolated and sequenced. It contains five introns, with three being at
      positions already known to be intron sites in actin genes from other eukaryotes.
      These three positions have not been found to occur simultaneously in any other
      organisms to date, suggesting that the actin gene in this fungus may more closely
      resemble an ancestral form of this highly conserved eukaryotic gene. The 5'
      flanking region of the gene contains a TATA-like sequence and two CCAAT motifs in
      positions almost identical to those in the yeast actin gene. Other features of
      the gene sequence, and possible adaptations to thermophily, are discussed.

PMID- 3362676
TI  - Establishment of a transient expression system for Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - We have established a rapid and sensitive transient expression system for
      Dictyostelium discoideum. We constructed a gene fusion containing the promoter
      from the Dictyostelium Actin 15 gene fused to the firefly luciferase gene. The
      enzymatic activity of this gene fusion, expressed at very high levels in stable
      transformants, was measured to determine optimum conditions for transient
      expression using electroporation to introduce the DNA into cells. With these
      conditions, we show that a luciferase gene fusion driven by a prestalk, cell-type
      specific promoter from the pst-cathepsin gene expresses luciferase at the
      appropriate developmental stage. In addition, we present results suggesting that
      the system will be useful for expressing genes in non-axenic cell lines. Finally,
      we observe that electroporation is more efficient for obtaining stable
      transformations than the standard calcium phosphate procedure using
      extrachromosomally replicating shuttle vectors but less efficient for vectors
      that integrate into the Dictyostelium chromosomes.

PMID- 3362677
TI  - Charge calculations in molecular mechanics 6: the calculation of partial atomic
      charges in nucleic acid bases and the electrostatic contribution to DNA base
      pairing.
AB  - A previously described scheme for the direct calculation of the partial atomic
      charges in molecules (CHARGE2) is applied to the nucleic acid bases. It is shown
      that inclusion of the omega-technique for the calculation of HMO derived pi
      charges is of particular importance for these highly polar systems. The molecular
      dipole moments obtained for the resulting charges are in very good agreement with
      the observed values for a variety of substituted purine and pyrimidine bases. The
      partial atomic charges for cytosine, thymine, guanine and adenine (as the 1
      methyl and 9-methyl forms) are given and compared with values calculated by a
      variety of molecular orbital and empirical schemes. All the schemes reproduce the
      same general trends, with the possible exception of those calculated by the Del
      Re method, though the charges given by Kollman are in general somewhat larger
      than the others. The electrostatic contribution to the Watson-Crick base pair
      interaction energies are calculated using these partial atomic charges. The
      electrostatic contributions obtained from the M.O. derived atomic charges are
      less than half the observed values, as are those obtained by the Gasteiger
      method. The electrostatic contributions calculated from the CHARGE2 atomic
      charges and those of Kollman are in reasonable agreement with the observed
      values. The influence of a distant-dependent dielectric constant is examined, but
      no clear pattern emerges.

PMID- 3362678
TI  - The preparation and application of functionalised synthetic oligonucleotides:
      III. Use of H-phosphonate derivatives of protected amino-hexanol and mercapto
      propanol or -hexanol.
AB  - Syntheses of H-phosphonate salts (4a-e) of N/S-protected alcohols such as 6
      aminohexan-1-ol, 3-mercaptopropan-1-ol and 6-mercaptohexan-1-ol are described
      using 2-chloro-5,6-benzo-1,3,2-phosphorin-4-one (2) as the phosphonylating agent.
      The H-phosphonate salts (4a-e), in the presence of pivaloyl chloride or
      adamantoyl chloride as an activator, were coupled to the 5'-end of synthetic
      oligonucleotides on solid supports to produce amino or thio-linked
      oligonucleotides. Following deprotection and purification, fluorescent dyes,
      biotin derivatives and poly-L-lysine-maleimide were separately attached to the
      functionalised oligonucleotides. Identical derivatized oligomers were obtained
      with cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylamidite chemistry and amidites (5a-e) of the
      respective alcohols.

PMID- 3362680
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned from Bacillus
      thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis.

PMID- 3362681
TI  - A one tube reaction for the synthesis of blunt-ended double-stranded cDNA.

PMID- 3362679
TI  - 9-[(10-(aden-9-yl)-4,8-diazadecyl)amino]-6-chloro-2-methoxy-acridine incises DNA
      at apurinic sites.
AB  - The incision of DNA at apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP-sites) by chloro-6-methoxy
      2 [(adenyl-9)-11)-4,8 diazadecyl]amino-9 acridine (Ade-Z-Acr), a 9-aminoacridine
      linked to an adenine, at nanomolar concentrations is described. Moreover, this
      drug, Ade-Z-Acr, is one of the most efficient drugs which cleaves DNA at AP
      sites. The high activity is the result of the composition of the drug, since the
      individual components have no incising activity in the concentration range
      studied. The termini left by the Ade-Z-Acr molecule are a 3'deoxyribose and a
      5'nucleotide. The termini and the inability of the Ade-Z-Acr to incise DNA with
      reduced AP-sites suggest that the mechanism of cleavage is beta-elimination.

PMID- 3362682
TI  - Purification of cDNA for cloning using high performance gel permeation
      chromatography.

PMID- 3362683
TI  - cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of murine Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 3362684
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a hop stunt viroid isolate from the German grapevine
      cultivar 'Riesling'.

PMID- 3362685
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene.

PMID- 3362686
TI  - Plant small nuclear RNAs. IV. The structure of U1 RNA from Chlorella
      saccharophila: a phylogenetic support, in terms of RNA structure, for the
      probable interaction between U1 and U2 and RNPs during the splicing of pre-mRNA.

PMID- 3362687
TI  - Can't pay, won't pay.

PMID- 3362688
TI  - Home sweet home.

PMID- 3362689
TI  - Caught red-handed.

PMID- 3362691
TI  - Nutrition. Meeting nutritional needs.

PMID- 3362690
TI  - Nutrition. Food, glorious food.

PMID- 3362692
TI  - Nutrition. Does a high fat diet cause heart disease?

PMID- 3362693
TI  - Recruit and retain. A sombre lesson for nursing.

PMID- 3362694
TI  - Simple pleasures.

PMID- 3362695
TI  - Information exchange: the hospice nurse; the community nurse.

PMID- 3362696
TI  - Nothing but the truth.

PMID- 3362697
TI  - Trapped by a vacuum.

PMID- 3362698
TI  - Tissue viability.

PMID- 3362699
TI  - Tissue viability. Carry-out care plans.

PMID- 3362700
TI  - Tissue viability. Action against pressure sores.

PMID- 3362701
TI  - Assertiveness training. Number 5. Making requests assertively.

PMID- 3362702
TI  - The Cleveland taboo.

PMID- 3362703
TI  - Accounting for care.

PMID- 3362704
TI  - A cry for help. Who cares for the children?

PMID- 3362705
TI  - Support systems.

PMID- 3362706
TI  - Ted and Alice.

PMID- 3362707
TI  - Vested interests.

PMID- 3362708
TI  - Not in front of the patients.

PMID- 3362709
TI  - Recruit and retain. Back to work.

PMID- 3362710
TI  - Systems of life. No. 159. Senior systems. 24. Cardiovascular system--2.

PMID- 3362711
TI  - Best performer.

PMID- 3362712
TI  - Assertiveness training. Number 6. Saying no assertively.

PMID- 3362713
TI  - Continence.

PMID- 3362714
TI  - Continence. Too bad to mention?

PMID- 3362715
TI  - Continence. The continence promotion road show.

PMID- 3362716
TI  - Continence. Education for continence.

PMID- 3362717
TI  - Continence. Night-time despair.

PMID- 3362718
TI  - Continence. An unrecognised symptom.

PMID- 3362719
TI  - See how they grow.

PMID- 3362720
TI  - The binding of blood-borne estrogens in normal vegetarian and omnivorous women
      and the risk of breast cancer.
AB  - Serial blood samples were taken at two-hour intervals over a 24-hour period from
      25 premenopausal vegetarians (12 vegans and 13 ovolactovegetarians) and from 21
      omnivorous controls. All members of the former group had been on a vegetarian
      diet for a minimum of three years. The mean proportion of estradiol unbound to
      blood proteins was similar in both vegetarians (1.26%) and meat eaters (1.16%).
      However, the amount bound to albumin was significantly raised in vegetarians
      (50.1% vs. 43.1%, p less than 0.009), whereas that bound to sex hormone-binding
      globulin (SHBG) was correspondingly lower (48.7% vs. 55.8%, p = 0.01). Mean
      levels of SHBG were similar in vegetarians (59.9 nmole/l) and omnivores (62.0
      nmole/l), as was the total amount of free fatty acid (0.42 mmole/l for both).
      Within the vegetarian group, no differences were detected between vegans and
      ovolactovegetarians.

PMID- 3362721
TI  - Antitumor activity of sodium linoleate.
AB  - To identify the components in a microsomal fraction from the small intestinal
      mucosa of mice that were responsible for preventing the proliferation of Ehrlich
      ascites tumor (EAT) cells, we subjected the fraction to thin-layer and gas
      chromatography. Assays for cytotoxicity against EAT cells in vitro indicated that
      linoleic acid, which was present in the free fatty acid fraction at a
      surprisingly high concentration, was probably the major component responsible for
      the antitumor activity. In further assays, using the water-soluble salt sodium
      linoleate, we found that sodium linoleate was more effective in vitro in killing
      human chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes than normal lymphocytes and mouse
      leukemic thymocytes than normal thymocytes. We also found that a single
      intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg of sodium linoleate into Swiss-Webster mice one
      day after the mice were inoculated with EAT cells increased the median survival
      from 18 (in the controls) to 48 days (in the treated mice) and prevented tumor
      growth completely in over 40% of the treated mice. These results are consistent
      with the hypothesis that linoleic acid plays a significant role in keeping the
      small intestine from developing primary cancers. Results also suggest a potential
      role for sodium linoleate in cancer therapy.

PMID- 3362722
TI  - Mortality among German vegetarians: first results after five years of follow-up.
AB  - A prospective study of vegetarians recruited from all regions of the Federal
      Republic of Germany, including West Berlin, was started in 1978 after a
      preparatory phase of two years in which the cohort was established. The mortality
      of the 1,904 study participants was evaluated after a follow-up of five years,
      comparing observed deaths with expected rates based on the national mortality
      statistics. Of the 858 men and 1,046 women, 89% had followed their diet for at
      least five years at study entry, the majority of them as strict vegetarians
      (1,163). By the end of 1983, only 82 persons had died, whereas 219 deaths were
      expected. In both sexes, the mortality was lowest from cardiovascular diseases
      [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for ischemic heart disease about 20] and from
      cancer (SMR 58 for men, 54 for women). Deaths from diseases of the respiratory
      and digestive system were also reduced. For individual cancer sites the observed
      numbers were extremely small, but the risk of dying from lung cancer was
      significantly reduced; however, deaths from cancers of the colon and rectum,
      prostate, and breast were rare or even absent. More deaths than expected were
      observed from stomach, pancreatic, testicular, and brain cancers. An internal
      comparison of mortality between strict and moderate vegetarians (741) suggests a
      higher mortality from all causes and malignant neoplasms among strict vegetarians
      in both sexes, although not statistically significant, and a lower mortality from
      circulatory system diseases for males. The possible influence of selection
      factors (e.g., "healthy participant effect," socioeconomic level, and body
      weight) on the findings of a decreased mortality is discussed together with the
      role of diet.

PMID- 3362723
TI  - Leucocyte zinc in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Zinc status and the effect of zinc supplementation were assessed in groups of
      patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease; patients were either
      untreated or in remission. In the patients in remission, plasma zinc was normal;
      and whereas 30% of untreated patients had low plasma zinc, the group as a whole
      did not differ from normal. For mononuclear cell zinc, the range of values in the
      disease group was far wider than in controls, but there was no significant
      difference between the means of the groups. Granulocyte zinc was significantly
      lower in both the groups of patients in remission from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and
      Hodgkin's disease compared with the control group. Significant increases were
      found in the plasma copper, ceruloplasmin, and the copper-to-zinc ratio in
      several of the patient groups. Plasma zinc increased by 23% with zinc
      supplementation (50 mg elemental Zn/day), but there was no effect on mononuclear
      cell or granulocyte zinc. Apart from granulocyte zinc, there is little evidence
      of zinc deficiency in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease. However, the
      presence of depleted granulocyte zinc levels could modify the immune function of
      this cell population.

PMID- 3362724
TI  - Response to a diet low in total fat in women with postmenopausal breast cancer: a
      pilot study.
AB  - A feasibility study was instituted to determine if women with postmenopausal
      breast cancer would follow a low-fat diet (20% of kcal) for at least four months.
      Nineteen women, whose baseline food intake was 1,504 +/- 420 kcal with 56 +/- 16
      g of fat, reported a decrease in fat intake to 21 +/- 6 g after two months of
      dietary intervention. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and
      estradiol were significantly reduced by the fifth month on the diet. We conclude
      that self-selected patients can adhere to a low-fat diet, and that serum
      cholesterol may serve as an indicator of dietary compliance.

PMID- 3362725
TI  - The child requiring transport: lessons and implications for the pediatric
      emergency physician.
AB  - A retrospective review of the charts of all patients transported by our emergency
      transport team was done to determine the following characteristics: age,
      presenting problem, and outcome of patients and utilization of transport team
      personnel. Eighty-five percent of patients were under six years of age; central
      nervous system pathology accounted for 53% of patients transported, followed by
      respiratory problems (30%), cardiac problems (4.2%), and major trauma (2.7%).
      Sixty patients survived with normal neurologic examination at discharge. A
      statistically significant difference in retrospectively assigned PSI score (17.0
      +/- 6.02 in nonsurvivors versus 5.8 +/- 6.02 in survivors) was observed.
      Utilization of the transport team was deemed appropriate. Comparison of our data
      with other available sources, as well as suggestions for emergency physicians and
      continuing medical education programs, is outlined.

PMID- 3362726
TI  - Bacterial meningitis concurrent with salicylism.
AB  - Repetitive administration of therapeutic salicylate over 72 hours for
      amelioration of headache produced severe central nervous system manifestations in
      an adolescent. The simultaneous occurrence of bacterial meningitis was not
      promptly diagnosed. Treatment directed at correcting fluid and metabolic
      derangements of salicylism may have contributed to a morbid outcome.

PMID- 3362727
TI  - Topical diphenhydramine toxicity in a five year old with varicella.
AB  - The toxic effects of oral diphenhydramine are well documented and include central
      nervous system and anticholinergic symptomatology. We present a case of
      diphenhydramine intoxication from combined oral/percutaneous medication.
      Overzealous application of a commercially available topical diphenhydramine
      preparation resulted in hallucinations and other side effects in a five-year-old
      child with varicella.

PMID- 3362729
TI  - Acute acetone intoxication in a pediatric patient.
AB  - The widespread presence of fingernail polish remover in the home makes the
      product a common source of ingestion, as evidenced by recent poison center data.
      Its principal component, acetone, is present in relatively high concentration.
      The syndrome of acetone intoxication presents as generalized central nervous
      system/respiratory depression, hyperglycemia, and ketosis. Despite its ubiquitous
      presence and high potential for severe intoxication, no reports are found
      describing the toxicity and supportive care following its ingestion by children.
      The authors present a 30-month-old patient with severe acetone intoxication
      secondary to fingernail polish remover ingestion. Also noted is the need to
      include acetone ingestion in the differential diagnosis of apparent diabetic
      ketoacidosis.

PMID- 3362728
TI  - An unusual cause of right lower quadrant pain in a prepubertal child.
AB  - The clinical course of a five-year-old girl with right lower abdominal pain is
      presented. The differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain in a
      prepubertal child and a discussion of this child's diagnosis, ovarian torsion,
      are provided. The need always to consider gynecologic disease in any female
      patient presenting with a history of colicky lower abdominal pain or an acute
      abdomen is emphasized.

PMID- 3362730
TI  - An unusual complication from a femoral venous catheter.
AB  - We report a case of a child with sickle cell disease and decreased intravascular
      volume secondary to splenic sequestration in whom a femoral venous catheter
      dislodged, infiltrated into the soft tissue of the anterior abdominal wall, and
      caused clinical signs of peritonitis. Inability to recognize this complication
      led to a delay in diagnosis of the problem and removal of the catheter. Central
      venous catheters utilized to resuscitate hypovolemic patients should be removed
      as soon as peripheral venous access is possible and will suffice to fill the
      medical needs of the patient. If a patient with a femoral venous catheter
      develops signs of peritonitis, diagnostic studies should be performed to
      delineate catheter location.

PMID- 3362731
TI  - Traumatic pneumoperitoneum following combined abdominal and thoracic injury.
AB  - Pneumoperitoneum following blunt abdominal trauma in the absence of other signs
      of severe intraabdominal injury is a rare finding. Although the vast majority of
      all cases of pneumoperitoneum are due to a ruptured intraabdominal hollow viscus,
      free abdominal air may result from significant barotrauma to the thorax. This
      type of secondary pneumoperitoneum can occur in the absence of chest x-ray
      evidence of a pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. The complications associated
      with a missed visceral injury warrant an exploratory laparotomy, even if an
      extraabdominal source for the pneumoperitoneum is suspected.

PMID- 3362732
TI  - Adolescent suicide and suicide attempts: a population study.
AB  - To clarify the epidemiology of adolescent suicide, a retrospective study was
      undertaken of suicides (1978 to 1982) and hospitalized suicide attempts (1979 to
      1983) by adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in an affluent suburban area. Data
      included date of injury, demography (for both suicides and suicide attempts), and
      recorded personal and social history (available for attempts only). There were 11
      deaths due to suicide (definite or possible) in the five years reviewed: seven
      male, 10 aged 15 to 19 years. The mean annual rate for suicide deaths (definite
      and possible, based on ICD codes) was 10.3 per 100,000 15 to 19 year olds, with
      male rates exceeding female rates. Male rates were lower in the study area than
      in Chicago, Illinois or the United States, but female rates were higher. Suicides
      represented an unusually high proportion of all adolescent deaths. Atypically,
      there were no firearm suicide deaths. Two hundred ten suicide attempts were
      studied: 77% aged 15 to 19 years, 70% female, and 82% white; 83% involved
      ingestion of medications or poisons. The mean annual suicide attempt rate was
      approximately 140 per 100,000 for 15 to 19 year olds, and 45 per 100,000 for 10
      to 14 year olds, with female rates exceeding male rates. There was an association
      between suicide attempt dates and occurrence of holidays, and there was a peak in
      attempts at the end of the school year. Detailed analysis of personal and social
      attributes associated with suicide attempts was prevented by poor recording of
      relevant factors in the medical record.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362733
TI  - Role of pediatricians in disasters and mass casualty incidents.
AB  - In disaster planning, the role of the specialist is often overlooked. That role,
      for the pediatrician, entails being familiar with hospital and community disaster
      plans and agreeing to take part in implementation of those plans by: (1) before a
      disaster, teaching special pediatric emergency techniques to emergency medical
      technicians and paramedics, being sure that pediatric supplies and equipment are
      available in ambulances, checking to see that pediatric needs have been
      considered in designated evacuation shelters, and, for disasters occurring in
      one's own hospital, being sure that evacuation routes are known and that means of
      notifying parents have been set up; (2) during a disaster, helping to determine
      which pediatric patients can be discharged from the hospital or transferred to
      another hospital if beds are needed for accident victims, and being available as
      needed according to the plans; and (3) after a disaster, counseling parents and
      children on how to cope with the stress and fear of having been involved in a
      disaster. The emergency pediatrician active in disaster planning has a
      responsibility to see that the services of pediatricians in general practice are
      incorporated into those plans.

PMID- 3362734
TI  - Abdominal pain and distention.

PMID- 3362735
TI  - Pediatric trauma standards: Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation standards for
      trauma center accreditation.

PMID- 3362737
TI  - Proceedings of the National Conference on Pediatric Trauma: Progress in pediatric
      trauma--Part 1.

PMID- 3362736
TI  - Clinical indicators for lumbar puncture.
AB  - This study was conducted to demonstrate that experienced pediatricians using
      standard clinical indications for performing a lumbar puncture should have a
      higher yield of positive spinal taps than previously reported and also can detect
      bacterial meningitis. These indicators included temperature elevation, inability
      to be consoled, level of alertness, nuchal rigidity, bulging fontanel, decreased
      appetite, rash, referral, and febrile seizures. Eighty-two of 381 (22%) lumbar
      punctures were positive for pleocytosis and/or organisms. Patients were divided
      into two groups, consisting of those with one indicator (low risk) and those with
      greater than one indicator (high risk). Thirteen of 14 patients with bacterial
      meningitis were placed in the high risk group. The single patient in the low risk
      group had been pretreated with antibiotics. The positive predictive value in
      bacterial meningitis for a score greater than one was 5%. The average number of
      clinical indicators in bacterial meningitis was 3.7, versus 2.4 in viral
      meningitis and 1.6 without meningitis. These findings suggest that, in the
      absence of prior antibiotic therapy, an experienced pediatrician can clinically
      detect patients at high risk for bacterial meningitis. Nonbacterial meningitis
      cannot be as readily detected clinically.

PMID- 3362738
TI  - TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, cocaine) for the repair of minor dermal lacerations.

PMID- 3362739
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for neural mediation of VIP activity in the dogfish
      rectal gland.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to increase chloride secretion
      from the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
      Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the distribution of immunoreactive VIP
      (iVIP). Rectal glands were perfused with either buffered acrolein or
      paraformaldehyde/glutaraldehyde, sectioned (20 micron) and processed by either
      avidin-biotin complex (ABC) or peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) methods. At the
      light microscopic level, iVIP was observed in thick fibers which traversed the
      fibromembranous capsule of the rectal gland. In the parenchyma, smaller iVIP
      containing fibers were noted within connective tissue and in close approximation
      to tubule cells. At the ultrastructural level, iVIP axons in the fibromembranous
      capsule were unmyelinated. Immunoreactive fibers within the parenchyma frequently
      terminated on the basal side of tubule cells. Within the glands, iVIP bouton
      terminals were observed and contained vesicles of different sizes, with reaction
      product in dense core vesicles (60-120 nm). We conclude that iVIP is distributed
      in nerve fibers throughout the dogfish rectal gland. The anatomic distribution
      suggests that VIP may act as a neurotransmitter in this model of chloride ion
      transport.

PMID- 3362740
TI  - Chromatographic identification of Met- and Leu-enkephalin in the human fetal
      spinal cord.
AB  - Using the indirect immunofluorescence method, enkephalin-like immunoreactivity
      was visualized on human fetus spinal cord sections (gestational age from 17 to 25
      weeks). Immunolabeled varicose fibers and terminal-like structures were seen
      through the whole length fetal spinal cord principally in the dorsal gray, in the
      intermediate gray and in the lateral funiculus. A few enkephalin-like
      immunoreactive cells were sometimes detected in the intermediate gray. Finally,
      some immunolabeled fibers were also visible in the ventral spinal cord especially
      proximate to the motor nuclei areas at the sacral level. Fetal spinal cord tissue
      extracts from the cervical thoracic and lumbosacral region were
      chromatographically analyzed using high pressure liquid chromatography in
      combination with the radioimmunoassay. This biochemical analysis indicates that
      authentic pentapeptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin may account for a large part
      (more than 90%) of the enkephalin-like immunoreactivity detected in the fetal
      spinal cord investigated. Taken together our results suggest that the
      biosynthetic processing of Met- and Leu-enkephalin in this tissue might be
      functional early before birth.

PMID- 3362741
TI  - CCK-8 inhibits feeding-specific neurons in Navanax, an opisthobranch mollusc.
AB  - Cholecystokinin has been implicated as a satiety factor in mammals because it
      inhibits feeding through peripheral and central mechanisms. The cellular
      mechanisms of the central actions of CCK have been difficult to study because of
      the complex circuitry of the mammalian brain. Navanax is an opisthobranch mollusc
      with a defined neural network for feeding behavior in which the central effects
      of CCK can be studied at the cellular level. Here we report the localization of
      CCK-immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies and varicose fibers in the buccal
      ganglion of Navanax and that CCK-8 inhibits buccal ganglion neurons selectively
      and at tenth picomolar concentrations: expansion motoneurons responsible for prey
      capture are strongly inhibited by CCK-8; circumferential motoneurons responsible
      for swallowing are weakly inhibited by CCK-8. A large cell, cell X, is described
      which is sensitive to very low doses of CCK-8. These data imply the existence of
      a CCK-like peptide with transmitter-like actions in the buccal ganglion of
      Navanax.

PMID- 3362742
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II and peptide YY on cerebral and circumventricular blood
      flow.
AB  - Angiotensin II and peptide YY (PYY) are putative neuro/humoral agents acting at
      several circumventricular regions. These peptides also constrict cerebral
      vessels. We examined the effect of acute intravenous infusion of saline,
      angiotensin II and peptide YY on local cerebral blood flow (14C-iodoantipyrine
      autoradiography) in the circumventricular and non-circumventricular brain regions
      of 17 conscious rats. No reductions in brain blood flow (28 regions) were
      observed although angiotensin II and PYY infusion elevated arterial blood
      pressure 15-25% without influencing heart rate, suggesting an increase in
      peripheral resistance. However, local blood flow was dependent on the peptide
      infused. During PYY infusion, blood flow was rather constant in the 20 non
      circumventricular regions examined whereas an increase in blood flow and a slight
      decrease in cerebrovascular resistance occurred in the circumventricular regions.
      The area postrema exhibited the most pronounced changes--an elevation in blood
      flow of 44 +/- 11% and a reduction in resistance of 20 +/- 5% in comparison to
      that in control animals. During angiotensin II infusion, local cerebral blood
      flow was similar to that in controls and local cerebrovascular resistance was
      elevated. Thus, the local cerebral circulatory response to peptide administration
      was dependent on the location of the region examined (circumventricular or non
      circumventricular) and on the vasoactive peptide infused.

PMID- 3362743
TI  - Potent V2 vasopressin antagonists with structural changes at their C-terminals.
AB  - A variety of structural changes were made in the C-terminals of four potent
      antidiuretic (V2) antagonists. The parent analogs were all derivatives of [1
      (beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)]arginine-vasopressin,
      d(CH2)5AVP, namely d(CH2)5[D-Phe2,Ile4]AVP, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP, d(CH2)5[D
      Tyr(Et)2, Val4]AVP and d(CH2)5[D-Tyr(Et)2,Ile4]AVP. A number of amino acid amides
      were substituted for the C-terminal 9-glycinamide without reducing their V2
      antagonistic potencies in rats. Many non-amino acid structures were also
      tolerated at the C-terminals of these antagonists and this end of these peptides
      can be prolonged without interfering with antagonistic potencies. Such altered V2
      antagonists may be useful for the development of radioactive ligands, affinity
      labels and in affinity columns for studies on antidiuretic receptors. These C
      terminal modifications also provide useful information for the further
      development of potent and specific V2-antagonists which can be valuable
      pharmacological tools and also promise to become useful clinically for the
      treatment of excessive water retention.

PMID- 3362744
TI  - The inhibition of glandular kallikrein by peptide analog antagonists of
      bradykinin.
AB  - Bradykinin sequence analog receptor antagonists exhibit at their carboxyl termini
      features which contribute to the affinity of peptide inhibitors of glandular
      kallikreins. These features include a preference for L-Arg over L-Lys at position
      P1 and bulky D-amino acids at P3. There is minimal steric restriction at P2.
      Three representative receptor antagonists were examined for their capacity to
      inhibit the amidolytic activity of human urinary kallikrein (HUK). The Ki values
      for B4307 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg), B4308 (Lys-Lys-Arg-Hyp-Hyp
      Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg), and B3852 (Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Phe-Ser-DPhe-Phe-Arg) are
      0.5, 0.3 and 2.5 microM, respectively. B4308 and B3852 were also shown to inhibit
      rat urinary kallikrein with Ki's of 1.0 and 5.5 microM. In the estrous rat uterus
      assay, 0.4 to 1.6 microM quantities of B4308 gave 5 to 10 times as much
      inhibition of contractile activity when added at the beginning of the incubation
      of HUK with human low molecular weight kininogen than when added upon addition of
      the mixture to the organ bath. These antagonists may inhibit the kallikrein-kinin
      system not only by blocking the binding of kinins to their receptor(s) but also
      by inhibiting the release of kinins from kininogens.

PMID- 3362745
TI  - Food deprivation and ingestion induce reciprocal changes in neuropeptide Y
      concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus.
AB  - We have studied the effects on neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentration in six
      hypothalamic nuclei, viz. medial preoptic area (MPOA), paraventricular nucleus
      (PVN), median eminence (ME), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMN)
      and dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of food deprivation (FD) for 2, 3, or 4 days or FD
      for 4 days followed by one day ad lib food intake (FI) in male rats. Hypothalamic
      nuclei were microdissected by the technique of Palkovits and processed for
      measurement of NPY immunoreactivity by RIA. NPY-like immunoreactivity in the ME,
      VMN and DMN was unaffected by FD or FI, but the remaining three nuclei--the ARC,
      MPOA and NPY--displayed a different pattern of changes in NPY levels in response
      to either FD or FD followed by FI. In the ARC, NPY levels rose significantly at
      day 3 and 4 after FD and remained elevated even after one day of FI. In the MPOA,
      while FD for 4 days had no effect, NPY concentration increased significantly in
      response to FI. In contrast, in the PVN, a site implicated in the control of
      feeding behavior, the NPY response to FD and FI was markedly different. FD
      elicited a gradual, time-related increase in NPY levels to reach highest
      concentration on day 4 and thereafter, following one day of FI, NPY levels fell
      dramatically to the range found in control satiated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362746
TI  - An immunochemical analysis of oxytocin and vasopressin prohormone processing in
      vivo.
AB  - Antisera against partially processed, unamidated forms of AVP and OT were raised
      and characterized by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. These antibodies,
      and antibodies that recognize fully processed, amidated forms of AVP and OT, were
      used together with various fractionation methods to study the content of
      prohormones, partially processed and fully processed forms of AVP and OT in the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of adult and fetal (E21) rats. The levels of
      cleaved AVP and OT in the fetus were lower than those of the adult (1 to 3 orders
      of magnitude for brain and pituitary, respectively), and the detection of cleaved
      OT in brain and pituitary was delayed compared to that of AVP. Pro-AVP cleavage
      efficiency in the adult and the fetus was high (99 and 95% cleavage,
      respectively) resulting in formation of fully processed amidated forms of AVP,
      with no detectable partially processed peptides. Pro-OT processing in the adult
      was very similar (over 99% cleavage) resulting in formation of fully processed
      amidated OT. However, Pro-OT processing efficiency in the fetus was very low and
      incomplete, resulting in 40% unprocessed precursor and the accumulation of C
      terminally extended unamidated intermediate forms (OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys, and OT-Gly
      Lys-Arg).

PMID- 3362747
TI  - What's new in lymphoma cytogenetics?
AB  - Non-random chromosome abnormalities have been found in all types of malignant
      lymphomas. It is obvious that some cytogenetic abnormalities are associated with
      certain morphological types. Thus, among the Burkitt's lymphomas the 2;8-, 8;14-
      and 8;22-translocations are found in the great majority of cases; t(14;18) is
      associated with follicular lymphomas; +12 and t(11;14) with well differentiated
      lymphomas; and rearrangements of 14q11 and trisomy 3 with T-cell lymphomas. The
      molecular changes involving the c-myc oncogene and the immunoglobulin loci in
      Burkitt's lymphoma have been intensively studied. Among other non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas the molecular mechanisms behind t(11;14) and t(14;18) in B-cell
      lymphomas and 14q11 rearrangements in T-cell lymphomas are starting to be
      unravelled. A number of other aberrations, such as +3, 6q-, and +12, have been
      associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma although the molecular mechanisms behind
      these rearrangements are still unknown. Very little is known about
      clinicocytogenetic correlations, but some observations clearly indicate that the
      karyotypic pattern is an important prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
      Contrary to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, very little is known about the cytogenetic
      findings in Hodgkin's disease. The sparse results, however, indicate that there
      are similarities to those in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PMID- 3362748
TI  - Electron microscopical morphometry of pituitary adenomas. Comparison of tumours
      in acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia.
AB  - By electron microscopical morphometry (point counting method) 4 groups of
      adenomas were compared in order to identify the source of prolactin in
      hyperprolactinemia. The 4 types of adenomas were characterized by the following
      features: Group I: acromegaly without hyperprolactinemia (GH positive and PRL
      negative on the immunohistochemical level); Group II: acromegaly with
      hyperprolactinemia and/or galactorrhea (GH positive and PRL positive on the
      immunohistochemical level); Group III: adenomas with hyperprolactinemia without
      acromegaly (GH negative and PRL positive on the immunohistochemical level); Group
      IV: adenomas with hyperprolactinemia without acromegaly (GH and PRL negative on
      the immunohistochemical level). Morphometry was performed in order to analyse the
      relative amount of the following cellular structures: nuclei, nucleoli, rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi fields, immature secretory granules, mature
      secretory granules, lysosomes, mitochondria, unorganized cytoplasm, and cellular
      membranes. Significant differences (Student t-test, Wilcoxon test; 2 p less than
      0.05) were found for the following compartments: rough endoplasmic reticulum and
      Golgi fields in group III had significantly larger volumes than in group IV. The
      volume of secretory granules of group II and group IV was larger than of group
      III. The volume of mitochondria of group IV was larger than in group I, and it
      was larger in group I and group III than in group II. Despite these differences a
      distinctive morphometrical pattern of the different subgroups could not be
      established. The quantitative data are valuable for interpretation of high or low
      functional activity but not for differential diagnoses. Therefore, if only the
      source of PRL in hyperprolactinemia has to be identified, immunocytochemistry is
      the best and simpler method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362749
TI  - Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on breast carcinomas in
      relation to growth fractions, estrogen receptor status and morphological
      criteria. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression was determined on 88 primary
      breast carcinomas immunohistochemically. These results were compared with growth
      fractions (Ki-67 immunoreactivity and Transferrin receptor (TrfR) expression),
      histologic tumor type, tumor grading, axillary lymph node status and estrogen
      receptor (ER) status. 60.2% were EGFR positive. Cytomorphology predominantly
      revealed a fine granular staining pattern. Sometimes a concentrated
      immunoreaction on the intercellular and basal oriented cell poles could be
      observed. EGFR expression in relation to growth fractions, grading, tumor
      diameter and lymph node status showed no correlation, suggesting that EGFR status
      seems to be independent to tumor growth and morphological prognostic parameters.
      ER status revealed an inverse correlation to EGFR expression (Kendall's tau: 
      0.22804, p = 0.012). In this context, it stands to reason to investigate further
      how far determination of EGFR expression justifies the existence of different
      subpopulations of breast cancer cells with respect to prognostic value.

PMID- 3362750
TI  - Copper storage disease of the liver and chronic dietary copper intoxication in
      two further German infants mimicking Indian childhood cirrhosis.
AB  - A severe copper storage disease of the liver with micronodular cirrhosis
      resembling Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) was found in two siblings of a German
      family leading to death in one infant at the age of 13 months. The fatal outcome
      correlated with severe ballooning of hepatocytes and excessive formation of
      Mallory bodies. The copper content of the liver was 698 micrograms per gramme wet
      weight (control 5 micrograms) in the living patient and 2154 micrograms per
      gramme dry weight (controls 39, 54 micrograms) in the dead infant. In both cases
      copper was stored not only in hepatocytes but also to a high degree in
      mesenchymal cells. Chronic contamination of drinking water supplied from a well
      via copper pipes could be verified as the cause of copper intoxication, lending
      further support to ICC as an environmental, acquired disorder. Accumulation of
      exogenic copper already very early in infancy appears most important for the
      development of the disease, as both the parents and one child not exposed to
      copper intoxication during the first 9 months of its life are clinically healthy.

PMID- 3362751
TI  - Brown bowel syndrome with manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract and thyroid
      gland.
AB  - Brown bowel syndrome (BBS) is a rare disease accompanied by deposits of
      lipofuscin predominantly in smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract. To
      determine whether cells other than smooth muscle cells show pigment deposition we
      studied biopsies of the stomach, small and large intestine, and thyroid gland of
      a 52-year-old male with malabsorption syndrome. Light and electron microscopy
      found lipofuscin pigment in vascular endothelial cells and in smooth muscle cells
      of the muscularis mucosae, arterioles and venules of the gastrointestinal tract
      and thyroid gland. All other cells of bowel and thyroid gland, such as epithelial
      cells, Schwann cells, nerve fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages and leukocytes,
      showed no such pigment inclusions. Intracellular lipofuscin deposition is thought
      to be caused by a deficiency of vitamin E. Such a deficiency existed in our
      patient and was attributed to a six year history of malabsorption syndrome with
      complete atrophy of the villi of the intestinal mucosa. Lipofuscin pigmentation
      has been reported in numerous organs of patients with BBS but not, until now, in
      the thyroid gland or in endothelial cells of lymph vessels. The origin of
      lipofuscin pigment is not known exactly. The prevailing opinion is that it
      derives from degenerating mitochondria. Our findings, however, suggest that
      autophagocytotic processes may also play a role in the formation of lipofuscin.

PMID- 3362752
TI  - Hemophagocytic syndrome. Differential diagnostic aspects in a case of well
      differentiated malignant histiocytosis.
AB  - Diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis (MH) often resembles the solving of an
      intricate puzzle consisting of clinical symptoms such as lymphadenopathy,
      splenomegaly, fatigue, fever, and rapid progression, and hematopathological
      findings such as the presence of atypical histiocytes, especially in blood and
      bone marrow smears. The lack of one or more of these criteria may greatly impede
      diagnosis, as in the case of a 45-year-old male with an unusual
      hematopathological manifestation of MH. The major clinical findings included
      panhemocytopenia, splenomegaly, and signs of liver dysfunction with severe
      jaundice. During life, a definite diagnosis could not be established.
      Histological and cytological evaluation of the spleen following splenectomy
      revealed a marked increase in histiocytes/macrophages with pronounced
      hemophagocytosis. These findings were interpreted as a (benign) hemophagocytic
      syndrome, possibly related to a viral infection. Extensive serological
      investigations, however, furnished no evidence of a so-called virus- or infection
      associated hemophagocytic syndrome. The patient died 5 months after the onset of
      disease with symptoms of progressive liver failure. Meticulous histological
      examination of bone marrow revealed a few patchy tumorous infiltrates consisting
      of dense pleomorphic histiocytes. Thus, a diagnosis of MH was established. This
      case of MH was unusual with particular regard to its pronounced hemophagocytosis,
      slight cytological atypia of the histiocytes, and absence of infiltration of
      lymph nodes.

PMID- 3362753
TI  - Intravascular "mulberry-like" bodies: morphological, immunohistochemical, and
      ultrastructural observations of an incidental finding caused by autolysis?
AB  - Intravascular "mulberry-like" bodies in a stillborn female infant with moderate
      maceration are reported. The histogenesis of these structures is discussed based
      on light-microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. No
      demonstrable causal relation between the intravascular lesions and fetal death
      was found, the cause of death being attributed to intrauterine asphyxia. It is
      concluded, that intravascular "mulberry-bodies" most likely represent artifacts
      due to red blood cell autolysis.

PMID- 3362754
TI  - Helping the patient fight fat. Obesity--a medical failure that opens the door to
      fads and frauds.

PMID- 3362755
TI  - Other people's problems. An overload.

PMID- 3362756
TI  - Weight-loss programs. Pluses and minuses of commercial and self-help groups.

PMID- 3362757
TI  - Very low-calorie diets. How successful?

PMID- 3362758
TI  - Gastric balloons to treat obesity. How safe? How effective?

PMID- 3362759
TI  - Surgery for morbid obesity. Selecting the patient and procedure.
AB  - Every physician strives for a treatment that is 100% effective. Although
      operations for morbid obesity are not perfect, their 80% success rate in helping
      patients maintain a loss of at least 20% of their original weight is far better
      than the less-than-10% success rate of nonsurgical treatments. Of the procedures
      available, intestinal bypass should be avoided, as side effects are numerous.
      Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is generally successful, as is banded gastroplasty.
      Surgical candidates need to be selected carefully, and patients must be educated
      to stay involved in treatment, that is, "use" their operation to ensure a
      successful outcome.

PMID- 3362760
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. How does it work? Who are candidates for
      it?
AB  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has become a valuable asset to the
      urologist and greatly benefits urologic stone patients. Eight years of clinical
      use have proven its clinical efficacy, with more than 400,000 successfully
      performed treatments worldwide. In a short period of time, ESWL has completely
      changed the management of urinary stone disease and has almost entirely
      supplanted open surgical and most endourologic approaches. It is less expensive
      than other lithotripsy methods, is noninvasive, and usually causes only minimal
      postprocedural discomfort. Outpatient treatment or a very short hospital stay is
      the norm, and most patients resume their normal activities almost immediately.

PMID- 3362761
TI  - Are some irritable bowel syndromes actually panic disorders?

PMID- 3362762
TI  - AIDS: dealing with a pandemic problem.

PMID- 3362763
TI  - How to use Bayes' theorem.

PMID- 3362764
TI  - Snakebites. Guidelines for practical management.
AB  - Snakebite treatment remains a controversial subject, even among experts.
      Nevertheless, all physicians need to be aware of current concepts in snakebite
      management, because incorrect treatment could be detrimental or even fatal. This
      article discusses the mechanisms of envenomation and presents guidelines for
      snakebite prevention, emergency field therapy, and emergency department therapy.

PMID- 3362765
TI  - Honesty and morality in the work environment.

PMID- 3362766
TI  - Nominal group process as an instructional method with novice community health
      nursing students.

PMID- 3362767
TI  - Health promotion, education, counseling, and coordination in primary health care
      nursing.

PMID- 3362768
TI  - Nursing theory and public health science: is synthesis possible?

PMID- 3362769
TI  - Reliability of a problem-classification index for well mothers and children in
      community health nursing.

PMID- 3362770
TI  - A comparative analysis of Neuman's model using the individual and family as the
      units of care.

PMID- 3362771
TI  - Self-care, health locus of control, and health value among faculty women.

PMID- 3362772
TI  - Toward healthy aging: a theory for community health nursing.

PMID- 3362773
TI  - Enhancing nursing productivity: a social psychologic perspective.

PMID- 3362774
TI  - Health orientation, beliefs, and use of health services among minority, high-risk
      expectant mothers.

PMID- 3362775
TI  - [Psychological preparation for surgery in 4 to 8-year-old children].

PMID- 3362776
TI  - [Psychogenic vision disorders in children and adolescents].

PMID- 3362777
TI  - [Organization of the therapeutic system. Psychoanalytic and systemic aspects of
      the beginning of family therapy].

PMID- 3362778
TI  - An embryogenic model to explain cytogenetic inconsistencies observed in chorionic
      villus versus fetal tissue.
AB  - While the fetus and placenta have a common ancestry, chorionic villus tissue does
      not always reflect fetal genotype. Data are presented from 15 CVS subjects in
      whom cytogenetic inconsistencies were observed when comparing (1) cultured
      chorionic villi, (2) direct chromosome preparations of intact villi, and (3)
      cultured fetal tissue. Embryogenic models are presented to explain these
      discrepancies. Mosaicism confined to direct chromosome preparations was the most
      commonly observed inconsistency. This can be explained by postzygotic non
      disjunction limited to cytotrophoblast. In all but one instance, the abnormal
      cell line was limited to the placenta, with the normal cell line reflecting fetal
      genotype. Analysis of direct chromosome preparations from multiple individually
      processed villus fragments may be helpful in recognizing mosaicism confined to
      the placenta. While both direct chromosome preparations and villus cultures can
      be misleading, the latter are more likely to reflect fetal genetic status since
      they are derived from the extraembryonic mesoderm.

PMID- 3362779
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidemia in chorionic villi by direct assay of
      propionyl CoA carboxylase.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidemia was achieved by the direct assay of
      propionyl CoA carboxylase in chorionic villi. The diagnosis was confirmed by
      determination of methylcitrate in amniotic fluid and measurement of propionyl CoA
      carboxylase in the liver from the abortion. Discrepancy between [14C]-propionate
      incorporation into protein of chorionic villi or cultured chorionic cells and
      propionyl CoA carboxylase activity is reported.

PMID- 3362780
TI  - Determination of maternal serum acetylcholinesterase in pregnancies with fetal
      neural tube defects.

PMID- 3362781
TI  - True mosaicism and pseudomosaicism in second trimester fetal karyotyping. A case
      of mosaic trisomy 8.

PMID- 3362782
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 47,XY,+i(12p) confirmed by in situ hybridization.
AB  - A case of tetrasomy i(12p) detected prenatally is reported. The patient, a black,
      32-year-old G3P2002 at 24 weeks' gestation with an unremarkable family history
      presented herself for prenatal care. Ultrasound examination showed a fetus with
      diminished femoral and humeral lengths, and hydramnios. A level II scan confirmed
      the presence of an omphalocele. Amniocentesis at 31 weeks showed 47,XY,+i(12p)
      karyotype. An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was delivered at 34
      weeks. The infant died after 5 h. Genetic and ultrasonographic examinations in
      the third trimester were helpful in the investigation of this fetus with multiple
      congenital anomalies. The careful, complete team counselling afforded by this
      approach enabled the mother and family to be well adjusted to the strong
      possibility (and subsequent reality) of an abnormal infant.

PMID- 3362783
TI  - [Intestinal type of villous adenoma of the kidney pelvis].

PMID- 3362784
TI  - [Primary liver carcinoid tumor confirmed by autopsy].

PMID- 3362785
TI  - [Trends in pathology on the threshold of the 20th into the 21st century].

PMID- 3362786
TI  - [Cholesterosis and adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder (cholecystosis)].

PMID- 3362787
TI  - [Pathology of the diabetic leg].

PMID- 3362788
TI  - [Graphite pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 3362789
TI  - [Mucin histochemistry of stomach carcinoma].

PMID- 3362790
TI  - On the factors which contribute to thinning of the villous membrane in human
      placentae at high altitude. I. Thinning and regional variation in thickness of
      trophoblast.
AB  - Sections of human term placentae delivered at low and high altitude to indigenous
      and non-indigenous populations in Bolivia were analysed by stereological methods.
      Estimates were obtained of the arithmetic and harmonic mean thicknesses of
      villous membrane and of trophoblast. These values were then used to derive
      indices of thickness variation. No significant ethnic, sex or interaction effects
      were found. At high altitude, the villous membrane was significantly more
      variable in thickness owing to a lower harmonic mean but the same arithmetic mean
      thickness. Alterations in the arithmetic and harmonic mean thicknesses of the
      trophoblast contributed to the thinning of the villous membrane. The trophoblast
      was thinner and more irregular in thickness at high altitude. These findings are
      discussed in the context of placental diffusing capacity and the possible
      mechanisms for formation of vasculosyncytial membranes.

PMID- 3362791
TI  - Is there control of solute transport at placental level?

PMID- 3362792
TI  - Glycogen content of placenta and of fetal and maternal liver of cadmium-exposed
      rats. II: A quantitative histochemical study.
AB  - Quantitative data are presented of the glycogen contents in the placental
      labyrinth, fetal liver and maternal liver of 14-, 16-, 18-, 19- and 20-day
      pregnant rats exposed to cadmium during pregnancy. The values are obtained from
      periodic acid-Schiff-stained sections by microdensitometry. No changes due to
      cadmium exposure were observed in the glycogen content of maternal and fetal
      livers. However, at 18, 19 and 20 days of pregnancy, significantly higher amounts
      of glycogen were observed in the trophoblastic labyrinth of cadmium-exposed rats
      compared with control animals.

PMID- 3362793
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation: morphometry of the microvillous membrane of the
      human placenta.
AB  - The syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membrane of the human placenta has been
      investigated with quantitative analyses in cases of severe fetal growth
      retardation associated with a marked reduction in the surface area of exchange at
      the peripheral villous level. This study has shown that, in placentae of
      intrauterine growth-retarded infants of unknown origin, there were morphological
      changes in the microvillous membrane characterized by an increase in the
      microvillous surface density and surface enlargement factor, associated with a
      reduction of the intermicrovillous space. It is not possible to state whether
      these morphological changes represent a delayed maturation of the placental
      tissue, or compensatory mechanisms to improve the functional efficiency of the
      placenta. In pre-eclampsia, these placental changes were much less pronounced,
      possibly due to severe uteroplacental ischaemia in this complication of
      pregnancy. Despite these morphological changes, both groups of placentae showed
      significant reductions in absolute values for the microvillous and total
      trophoblastic surface areas, which can have major implications on the functional
      efficiency of the placenta.

PMID- 3362794
TI  - On the factors which contribute to thinning of the villous membrane in human
      placentae at high altitude. II. An increase in the degree of peripheralization of
      fetal capillaries.
AB  - The contribution made by fetal capillary peripheralization to the thinning of the
      villous membrane seen in human placentae from high-altitude pregnancies is
      examined by stereological methods. Variables characterizing the shape of the
      villous core and the spatial relationships between trophoblast and capillaries
      are quantified. They shed light on the relative importance of dynamic versus
      mechanistic processes of villous membrane attenuation. Highland villi differ from
      lowland villi in several ways. On average, they possess a thinner barrier due to
      closer approximation of capillaries to overlying trophoblast; in consequence, the
      villous core is more irregular in outline and its surface (that of the inner
      aspect of the trophoblast) exceeds in area that of the outer aspect of the
      trophoblast. These results suggest that the dynamic process (protoplasmic
      streaming within syncytiotrophoblast) cannot alone explain thinning of the
      villous membrane. A mechanistic process (capillary peripheralization and
      obtrusion into the trophoblastic epithelium) is sufficient to account for the
      differences observed, although the possibility that both processes operate
      concurrently cannot be discounted. This report completes a study into factors
      contributing to villous membrane thinning at high altitude.

PMID- 3362795
TI  - Health care utilization and costs for diseases of the circulatory system in a
      corporate setting.
AB  - This article presents the health care utilization and costs for diseases of the
      circulatory system among 14,162 employees and their spouses based on medical
      insurance claims data analysis. Diseases of the circulatory system ranked first
      among insurance claims and costs accounting for 23% ($4.6 million) of the plan's
      total health care costs ($19.7 million) for the 1984 policy year. Overall, 57% of
      these expenditures were for hospital care, the proportion for hospital costs
      being as high as 64% for heart diseases and as low as 20% for hypertension. Male
      employees had higher utilization for both in-hospital and out-patient services
      than females. Utilization rates and costs dramatically increased for individuals
      50 years or older. Costs for surgical and diagnostic procedures amounted to 8% of
      the total costs of circulatory system disorders. This article provides an example
      of the utility of claims analysis for morbidity surveillance. The analyses and
      parameters measured herein can be viewed as prerequisites to the development of
      health care management and health promotion strategies aimed at reducing health
      care cost for diseases of the circulatory system in a corporate setting.

PMID- 3362796
TI  - Evaluation of a portable measure of expired-air carbon monoxide.
AB  - There are a variety of independent methods of estimating smoking status;
      measurement of expired air carbon monoxide has proven to be reliable and
      convenient. This article describes a new, inexpensive, portable analyzer for
      measuring expired-air carbon monoxide --the Bedfont EC50. We have compared this
      analyzer with the standard instrument for measuring expired-air carbon monoxide
      in 138 normal subjects and found good correlation and agreement. The Bedfont was
      demonstrated to be better at identifying smoking status, and the relevance of
      this finding for classification of smokers and nonsmokers by fixed-threshold
      carbon monoxide levels is discussed. The features of the Bedfont EC50 are
      particularly appealing for field and clinical use.

PMID- 3362797
TI  - Lung cancer among cigar and pipe smokers.
AB  - The effect of pipe and cigar smoking on lung cancer risk is reviewed using data
      from an ongoing hospital-based, case-control study of smoking-related cancers.
      Data from 2,085 patients with histologically defined lung cancer and 3,948
      matched controls interviewed between 1977 and 1984 were analyzed. Cigar and pipe
      smokers experienced much lower lung cancer risks than cigarette smokers. Risk,
      expressed as the odds ratio in current smokers of cigarettes only, was 16.0 times
      that of never smokers (95% confidence intervals, 12.2 to 20.9), 3.1 times that of
      cigars only (1.8 to 5.6), 1.9 times that of pipes only (0.8 to 4.3), and 2.5
      times that of cigars and pipes (1.0 to 6.1). Risks were high in mixed smokers of
      cigars, pipes, or cigars and pipes, who also smoked cigarettes, odds ratio 10.5
      (7.7 to 14.4). Among pipe and/or cigar smokers only, patients with lung cancer
      were more likely than controls to have been long-time smokers of 5 or more cigars
      or 5 or more pipefuls per day and to have inhaled. The odds ratio for those
      smoking 5 to 9 cigars or pipes per day was 3.2 and for those smoking 10 or more
      units 6.7. The odds ratio of those cigar or pipe smokers who inhaled was 12.3.
      The proportion of Kreyberg I cancers was higher in cigar and pipe smokers than in
      cigarette smokers.

PMID- 3362798
TI  - Physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in
      adolescents: the Oslo Youth Study.
AB  - Aerobic fitness, resting pulse rate, and self-reported physical activity were
      examined along with prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a
      population-based study of 413 boys and 372 girls, ages 10 to 14 years.
      Cardiovascular fitness (VO2 max) was predicted from heart rate measured during
      submaximal bicycle exercise. For both genders, fitness level was significantly
      and inversely related to body weight, body mass index [weight in kilos/(height in
      meters)2], triceps skinfold thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and
      pulse rate and positively related to high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol
      ratio and physical activity. In addition, fitness level was positively related to
      high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively related to triglycerides in
      females; it was also negatively related to height, total cholesterol, and
      hematocrit in males. Analyses of covariance, controlling for sexual maturity
      ratings, revealed that students in the lowest quartiles of VO2 max had
      significantly higher body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness than students
      in the higher quartiles. After adjustment for body mass index and sexual maturity
      ratings, blood pressure and pulse rate in both genders were significantly higher
      among students in the lower quartiles of VO2 max than among the groups who scored
      higher on the fitness test. Higher levels of VO2 max were also associated with a
      more favorable lipid profile in females. In gender-specific multiple regression
      analysis, triceps skinfold thickness was the strongest predictor of VO2 max,
      followed by pulse rate. Our study provides evidence that higher levels of fitness
      are associated with more favorable risk profiles in adolescents.

PMID- 3362799
TI  - One-year follow-up study to a worksite weight control program.
AB  - Follow-up weights were obtained from 149 participants from two worksite weight
      control programs 1 year after the end of treatment. These participants regained,
      on average, 75% of the weight they had lost during treatment. Only 21% of this
      population maintained their post-treatment weight or continued to lose. We
      conclude that worksites do not appear to offer special advantages over clinic
      settings in aiding weight-loss maintenance.

PMID- 3362800
TI  - Effect of the Johnson & Johnson Live for Life program on employee smoking.
AB  - Smoking-cessation programs at the worksite hold the potential to reduce the
      national prevalence of smoking. This article presents the 2-year results of a
      broad-spectrum smoking-cessation initiative that was part of the comprehensive
      Johnson & Johnson LIVE FOR LIFE wellness program. In a quasi-experimental design,
      four companies offered the complete LIVE FOR LIFE program to their employees, and
      three comparison companies offered only annual health screen assessments. Smoking
      status was assessed by self-report and serum thiocyanate at baseline and at a 2
      year follow-up. At the LIVE FOR LIFE companies, 22.6% of all smokers quit versus
      17.4% of smokers at the health screen only companies. The LIVE FOR LIFE program
      was particularly effective with smokers at high risk for coronary heart disease:
      32% of all high-risk smokers quit at the LIVE FOR LIFE companies versus 12.9% at
      the health screen only companies. These results demonstrate that a company-wide
      smoking-cessation initiative can produce significant changes in smoking behavior.

PMID- 3362801
TI  - Smoking intervention in the workplace using videotapes and nicotine chewing gum.
AB  - This article reports a series of randomized controlled studies in four companies
      in the United Kingdom which were designed to evaluate minimal smoking
      intervention programs based on the use of motivational videotapes or nicotine
      chewing gum. In the videotape studies, groups of smokers (N = 603) were randomly
      assigned to watch one of several different videotapes. They were followed-up,
      along with nonparticipants (N = 1,015), at 3 months and again at 1 year, and a
      biochemical validation of abstinence was performed. There were significant
      differences between the videotape conditions with regard to attitudes assessed
      immediately after exposure (intention and fear) and the proportion of smokers who
      tried to stop, but there were no significant differences in cessation, even in
      the short term. Using a strict definition of abstinence, long-term abstinence
      rates were under 10% in all four studies. In one company, we also investigated
      the effect of offering brief individual treatment based on nicotine chewing gum
      to a randomly chosen 50% sample of the videotape group (N = 161) still smoking at
      the 3-month follow-up. The treatment course was administered by occupational
      health nurses and consisted of four short consultations over a 12-week period.
      The results were encouraging: 16% of those who took the offer stopped during
      treatment and were still abstinent 1 year after the start of treatment compared
      with only 2% of the randomized no-intervention control group and 0% of those who
      were invited but did not attend.

PMID- 3362802
TI  - Identification of women at high risk for preterm-low-birthweight births.
AB  - Preterm-low-birthweight births comprise a subset of extremely high-risk low
      birthweight infants. While numerous studies have evaluated risk factors to
      predict an individual's chance of a high-risk pregnancy, few have identified risk
      factors specifically related to preterm-low-birthweight births. Risk factors for
      preterm-low-birthweight births were analyzed in a sample of 11,623 women from
      northwest North Carolina enrolled in a low-birth-weight prevention program.
      Significant risk factors for preterm-low-birthweight births in this population
      were identified, and weights were assigned to each factor. Application of the
      weighting system to each patient's specific risk factors identifies women at high
      risk for a preterm-low-birthweight birth and assists in the determination of
      appropriate intervention. These data make use of all current information in the
      low-birthweight births prevention project. Prospective assessment of the scoring
      system as the project continues should improve the ability to identify and
      intervene with women at highest risk for a preterm-low-birthweight birth.

PMID- 3362803
TI  - The importance of direct questions about inhalation and daily intake in the
      evaluation of pipe and cigar smokers.
AB  - Pipe and cigar smokers traditionally have been subdivided into primary (never
      regular cigarette) and secondary (ex-cigarette) smokers. This distinction is
      considered important because it is believed that former cigarette smokers who
      switch to pipes or cigars inhale their pipe or cigar smoke, whereas primary pipe
      and cigar smokers do not. In this study, it was found that self-reported
      inhalation more accurately predicted expired-air carbon monoxide levels than
      cigarette smoking history and, combined with self-reported per day consumption,
      could account for most instances of carbon monoxide levels above the non-smoker
      cut-off level of 8 parts per million. Thus, it is concluded that a
      primary/secondary distinction is less useful than a noninhaling/inhaling
      distinction in attempting to assess health risks associated with pipe and cigar
      smoking, and health-care providers and researchers should focus their attention
      on the more direct questions of inhalation and daily intake.

PMID- 3362804
TI  - Serum lipid levels in elementary and junior high school children and their
      relationship to relative weight.
AB  - Serum lipid levels were measured in 2,626 schoolchildren ages 7 to 15 years in
      three elementary schools and one junior high school in a suburban area of Osaka
      during 1984-1985. The mean cholesterol levels increased with age in boys ages 7
      to 10 years (from 156 to 177 mg/dl) and then decreased at age 13, after which the
      levels again increased slightly until age 15. Girls showed a similar tendency
      with a peak at age 10 and a minimum at age 12. Cholesterol levels were
      significantly lower in junior high school boys (a mean of 154-161 mg/dl for ages
      13-15 years) than in girls of the same age or in boys and girls ages 10 to 12
      years in the upper grades of elementary school. Cholesterol and triglyceride
      levels tended to be lower or the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels
      higher in elementary schools where boys and girls engaged in physical exercise
      than in schools where the children were not strongly encouraged to exercise.
      About 50% of the hypertriglyceridemic children were obese.

PMID- 3362805
TI  - [Predicting the recurrence of thyrotoxicosis after iodine radioisotope therapy of
      diffuse toxic goiter].
AB  - Prediction of a recurrence of thyrotoxicosis during radioiodine therapy of
      patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) is a pressing problem of everyday
      treatment of such patients. Altogether 43 DTG patients were investigated during
      12-18 mos. after 131I therapy with the determination of T4, T3, bTSH, delta TSH
      in the TRH test, peripheral blood rosette forming (RFC), migration index (MI) in
      the leucocyte migration inhibition reaction, and serum immunoglobulins (IgA, M,
      G). Changes in the immunological status in parallel with confirmation of
      autonomous thyroid functioning suggested higher risk of a thyrotoxicosis
      recurrence making it possible to differentiate the type of observation of a DTG
      patient following radioiodine therapy. The availability of the above tests allows
      their use for the prediction of recurrences in everyday clinical practice during
      therapy of DTG patients with 131I.

PMID- 3362806
TI  - [Esophageal lesions in Cushing's syndrome and corticosteroma].
AB  - The state of the esophagus was studied in 60 patients with endogenous
      hypercorticism (2 with corticosteroma, 58 with Icenko-Cushing disease). The
      purpose was to reveal the nature and frequency of esophageal lesions and
      peculiarities of their clinical symptoms. X-ray and endoscopic methods were used.
      Functional and organic esophageal changes were shown to be rather common in
      patients with excess of body glucocorticoids: hypomotor dyskinesia was noted in
      27% of the patients, cardial insufficiency in 13%, cardial hernia of the
      esophageal orifice of the diaphragm in 28%, reflux-esophagitis in 43%. Cardial
      hernia and esophagitis in such patients are often characterized by weak clinical
      symptoms masked by other signs of severe endocrine pathology. They can be also
      symptomless making their early diagnosis difficult. However these esophageal
      diseases are fraught with danger and life threatening complications: ulcerations,
      perforations, esophageal hemorrhages aggravating a course of the main disease.
      These patients need appropriate therapy to avoid complications.

PMID- 3362807
TI  - [Microcirculation and tissue oxygen supply in chronic insufficiency of the
      adrenal cortex].
AB  - A study was made of the state of microcirculation and oxygen balance of tissues
      in 51 patients with chronic adrenocortical insufficiency with various degrees of
      severity of disease during decompensation and compensation. Methods of
      biomicroscopy of the eye conjunctival vessels using a photoslit tube and
      polarography on the LP-7 apparatus were employed. Considerable disorders of
      microcirculation and tissue oxygen balance in patients with Addison's disease
      depending on a degree of severity of disease indicated a great role of the
      adrenocortical hormones in maintaining homeostatic stability and body vital
      activity.

PMID- 3362809
TI  - [Characteristics of the regulation of thyroid function in patients with diffuse
      non-toxic goiter].

PMID- 3362808
TI  - [Effect of female sex steroids on levels of endogenous ethanol].
AB  - The authors presented the results of a study of the effect of female sex steroids
      on the level of endogenous ethanol. The time course of endogenous ethanol during
      the menstrual cycle was investigated. The concentration of endogenous ethanol was
      compared in the groups of women receiving and not receiving hormonal
      contraceptives. An increase in sex steroids during the menstrual cycle was
      accompanied by a decrease in the level of endogenous ethanol. The use of hormonal
      contraceptives caused an increase in the background concentration of endogenous
      ethanol. A possible effect of endogenous and exogenous female sex steroids on
      different levels of regulation of ethanol metabolism was assumed.

PMID- 3362810
TI  - [Characteristics of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in rats with stress].
AB  - The purpose was to study the effect of stress caused by cavitary operation (the
      1st group) and stress resulting from suspending animals at the neck skin fold for
      2, 4, 12 and 24 h (the 2nd group) on the development of metabolic diabetic shifts
      in rats. Postoperative stress was accompanied by a decrease in motor activity of
      rats and sispension caused intense muscular activity aimed at getting free. All
      elements of the diabetic syndrome expressed in glucose intolerance, reduction of
      sensitivity to insulin, reduced insulin action on glucose oxidation in adipose
      tissue, hyperinsulinemia and a rise of basal glycemia, were revealed in rats with
      postoperative stress; in rats of the 2nd group they were undetectable. It could
      be accounted for by muscular activity of animals in these groups.

PMID- 3362811
TI  - [The role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of electric stability of
      erythrocyte membranes in rats].
AB  - A method of electric breakdown was used for a study of electric stability
      (durability) of the membranes of erythrocytes isolated from the blood of normal
      rats and rats with hypo-, hyperthyrosis and thyrotoxicosis. Erythrocytic membrane
      electric durability was shown to depend on the hormonal status. In particular, an
      increase in the potential of breakdown of erythrocytes of hyperthyroid rats was
      shown in comparison with the characteristics of erythrocytes of the other studied
      populations. Judging by the test thyrotoxicosis was accompanied by a decrease in
      a degree of physical homogeneity of erythrocytic membranes. There were no
      differences in electric durability between erythrocytes of normal and
      hyperthyroid animals.

PMID- 3362812
TI  - [Obtaining immune sera to high-titre thyroxine for immunoassay].
AB  - A method of synthesis of L-thyroxine-protein conjugates was described. It
      included an additional step of acylation of thyroxine by succinic anhydride. The
      acylated derivative was activated by carbodiimide to produce a compound which
      could react with the protein amino-groups. Protein conjugates with a high
      thyroxine content (over 20 thyroxine residues per molecule) were synthesized with
      minimal protein cross-linking using this method. The excess of acylated thyroxine
      was easily dialized against alkaline buffer. The rabbits immunized monthly with
      such conjugates gave antisera with high titers (1:2000-1:4000 by the ELISA
      method) in 9-13 weeks after the first injection. The method can be applied to
      other thyroid hormones and some-molecular-weight antigens.

PMID- 3362813
TI  - [Effect of a conditioned medium of pinealocytes on prolactin secretion in primary
      culture of adenohypophyseal cells of male rats].
AB  - Conditioned medium of pinealocytes (CMP, 18-20%) added to primary cultures of rat
      pituitary cells for 1.5 h changed neither the basal rate of PRL secretion nor
      dopamine-inhibited release. However CMP markedly attenuated PRL secretion induced
      by thyroliberin or isobutyl-menthylxanthine. Besides CMP reduced basal PRL
      release during 18-h-incubation. The results obtained indicate possible
      involvement of the pineal gland in direct inhibitory control of PRL secretion in
      male rats.

PMID- 3362814
TI  - [Secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenals and ovaries and estradiol
      receptors in the uterine cytosol in postnatal ontogenesis].
AB  - The authors presented the results of a comparative study of ontogenesis of
      progesterone and estradiol production by the adrenal glands and ovaries in rats
      (from the 8th to the 60th days of life). A parallel study was made of the
      formation of the estradiol receptor system of the uterus. Immature rats adrenal
      glands in vitro were shown to produce much more progesterone than the ovaries.
      Progesterone production in the adrenal glands correlated with the intensity of
      corticosterone secretion. At the prepubertal age (the 8th-30th days of life) the
      adrenal glands and ovaries produced approximately the same amounts of estrogens
      determined as estradiol by a radioimmunoassay. The development of the uterine
      receptor system demonstrated parallelism with ontogenesis of the adrenal estrogen
      secreting activity. Such a regularity was undetectable for the ovaries. The
      authors discussed possible influence of the adrenal glands on the concentration
      of estradiol receptors in the uterus by means of estrogen synthesized by these
      receptors and immunologically similar to estradiol.

PMID- 3362815
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the fascicular area of the adrenal cortex after
      parathyroidectomy in the rat].
AB  - Electron microscopic investigation of the adrenocortical fascicular zone was
      conducted to determine serum calcium content in control and parathyroprivic
      random bred adult rats on the 5th, 15th and 30th days after parathyroidectomy.
      During the entire experiment calcium content was lowered. There were no marked
      changes in the ultrastructure of the secretory cells of the fascicular zone on
      the 5th day. In experimental animals killed on the 15th day after operation
      adrenocortical ultrastructural changes indicated structural-functional activity
      as well as destructive processes in the secretory apparatus. On the 30th day
      after parathyroidectomy destructive processes prevailed in most
      adrenocorticocytes. Considerable shifts were noted in the system of the
      hemocirculatory bed of the adrenocortex of parathyroprivic animals.

PMID- 3362816
TI  - [Interrelation of human and bovine tuberculosis].

PMID- 3362817
TI  - [Characteristics of the course and treatment effectiveness of disseminated
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3362818
TI  - [Comparative hormone levels of patients with tuberculosis, cancer and chronic
      nonspecific diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 3362819
TI  - [Current indications for transsternal transpericardial operations and the technic
      for performing them on patients with a complicated course of tuberculosis and
      other diseases of the lungs].

PMID- 3362820
TI  - [Importance of blood autotransfusion in the surgical treatment of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3362821
TI  - [Effect of indopamid on the hemodynamic indices of patients with chronic
      obstructive bronchitis complicated by pulmonary heart failure].

PMID- 3362822
TI  - [Pleural cytopathology in the chemotherapy of destructive tuberculosis in an
      experiment].

PMID- 3362823
TI  - [Use of antioxidants and lidase in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3362824
TI  - [Characteristics of the changes in the blood system of rat fetuses sensitized
      with BCG vaccine].

PMID- 3362825
TI  - [The complement system of patients with respiratory sarcoidosis undergoing
      corticosteroid therapy].

PMID- 3362826
TI  - [Concomitant diseases as the possible manifestations of latent tuberculosis
      reactivation in subjects with residual tubercular changes].

PMID- 3362827
TI  - [A case of isolated tuberculosis of the breast].

PMID- 3362829
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to study the tegument and
      related structures of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Its body shape, suckers,
      common genital pore, Laurer's canal pore, excretory pore, and cirrus are
      described as seen under SEM. The tegument is devoid of spines and presents an
      interlacing, ridged network which covers the entire body. The pattern of ridges
      on the body surface is not homogeneous; details of the pattern in each region are
      described. SEM of the body surface reveals the high density of tegumental
      vesicles on ridge walls and valley floors. The tegument also bears small finger
      like projections in certain areas. The authors suppose that the vesicles and
      finger-like projections of the tegument may well be the same structure in
      different functional stages. Some considerations on the significance of the
      tegumental differences in each body region are given. Four types of tegumental
      papillae occur on the suckers and body surface of D. dendriticum: button,
      rosette, plate, and domed. The dimensions, shapes, position, and arrangement of
      the papillae are described.

PMID- 3362828
TI  - Schistosomin: a pronase-sensitive agent in the hemolymph of Trichobilharzia
      ocellata-infected Lymnaea stagnalis inhibits the activity of albumen glands in
      vitro.
AB  - The schistosome parasite, Trichobilharzia ocellata, nearly completely inhibits
      the reproductive activity of its intermediate host, Lymnaea stagnalis. The
      synthetic activity of albumen glands of infected snails at day 35 postinfection
      (p.i.) is only 1% of the control value. The parasite acts by humoral means. We
      tested the hypothesis that (a) specific humoral agent(s) is (are) involved and
      refer to this (these) agent(s) as schistosomin. The presence of schistosomin in
      the hemolymph of infected snails was investigated by using galactogen synthesis
      in albumen glands as an in vitro bioassay. The synthetic activity of albumen
      glands of noninfected snails decreased by about 50% during a 1-h incubation in
      the hemolymph of infected snails. This inhibition is attributed to schistosomin.
      Based on these results, with the present bioassay schistosomin appears in the
      hemolymph between days 28-36 p.i. onwards. Schistosomin is heat-stable (100
      degrees C) and pronase-sensitive, and therefore it might have a peptide nature.
      Schistosomin suppresses the stimulating action of the female, gonadotrophic
      dorsal body hormone at relatively low doses, which suggests that it may compete
      with this hormone for the same receptors. The development of two other bioassays
      for schistosomin in our laboratory is discussed.

PMID- 3362830
TI  - Isolation and characterisation of discoid granules from the tegument of adult
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Discoid granules were isolated from the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni by
      differential centrifugation of freeze-thaw extracts. Comparison of proteins and
      glycoproteins from discoid granules, surface membranes and the soluble fraction
      implied that discoid granules and the surface membrane were functionally linked.
      The results are discussed in terms of discoid granule function and surface
      membrane organisation.

PMID- 3362832
TI  - An attempt of immunodiagnosis by means of mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA)
      test for human pulmonary dirofilariasis.
AB  - The mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) test was used for the first time in an
      attempt to diagnose human pulmonary dirofilariasis in a comparison with the
      results of ELISA. Eight of nine patients tested with the MPHA test were positive
      and one was false-positive; these results coincided exactly with those of ELISA.
      Qualitative agreement between the MPHA test and ELISA was 90.4% of 374 human
      sera. The present study indicates that the MPHA test seems to be a promising
      diagnostic tool for human pulmonary dirofilariasis.

PMID- 3362831
TI  - Hydatidosis in camels in Kuwait.
AB  - Infection of indigenous camels, Camelus dromedarius, with hydatid cysts has been
      recorded for the first time in Kuwait. From February 1982 to April 1983, 293
      camels slaughtered for human consumption were examined. The overall rate of
      infection was 39.6%: 18.5% in animals less than 6 years old, and between 40.1%
      and 45.2% in older animals. The infection rate in females (44.9%) was
      significantly higher than in males (24.7%). Females also showed higher
      susceptibility to infections in multiple organs (22.7%) than males (10.5%). The
      lung was the most predominant site infected (63.0%). Pulmonary cysts showed a
      higher fertility rate than hepatic cysts (71.7% vs 29.2%) and were smaller and
      more numerous. The high infection rate recorded for this animal is probably
      related to recent shifts in animal maintenance from the traditional free-grazing
      to the corralling system.

PMID- 3362833
TI  - Treatment of fish parasites. 3. Effects of levamisole HCl, metrifonate,
      fenbendazole, mebendazole, and ivermectin on Anguillicola crassus (nematodes)
      pathogenic in the air bladder of eels.
AB  - The effects of five nematocidal drugs (levamisole HCl, metrifonate, fenbendazole,
      mebendazole, and ivermectin) on the nematode Anguillicola crassus, pathogenic in
      eels and recently introduced in Europe, were tested under in vivo conditions. The
      resulting tissue alterations were studied by means of light and electron
      microscopy. It was found that levamisole and metrifonate were most effective in a
      freshwater bath (1 mg/l) for 24 h. The 50% lethal dose of levamisole was 250 mg/l
      per 24 hours, whereas that of metrifonate was only 10 mg/l per 2 hours.
      Morphological studies of the nematodes showed that there was no drug-specific
      reaction. In general, the hypodermis, the cytoplasmic portions of the muscle
      cells, and the intestinal wall were most intensively damaged, leading to an
      irreversible vacuolation and finally to death.

PMID- 3362834
TI  - Observations on the possible origin, formation and structure of calcareous
      corpuscles in taeniid cestodes.

PMID- 3362835
TI  - DEC-inhibited development of third-stage Brugia pahangi in vitro.
AB  - The effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on infective larvae and immature worms of
      Brugia pahangi was studied in vitro. The in vitro culture of larvae was done
      using the technique of Mak et al. (1983). In control cultures, most larvae
      remained alive for 14 days; over 50% survived until day 22 of cultivation. The
      addition of DEC did not affect the life span of the larvae. Among those which
      survived for 22 days in control cultures, 77.8% reached the fourth stage, their
      length being 2908.2 +/- 453.2 microns. When DEC was added to a final
      concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, the percentage of larvae attaining the fourth stage
      was reduced (42.9%) and their growth retarded; the length of the fourth-stage
      larvae was 2548.4 +/- 414.0 microns. The addition of 1.0 mg/ml DEC completely
      arrested the growth and development of the larvae.

PMID- 3362836
TI  - The lienorenal ligament and the tail of the pancreas: a surgical anatomical
      study.
AB  - Only brief descriptions of the lienorenal ligament and the anatomical
      relationship between the tail of the pancreas and the hilus of the spleen have
      been reported in the literature. The anatomical variations in this region are of
      significant surgical importance. The lienorenal ligament was studied in 37
      anatomical specimens. A classification of its variations is presented, and
      clinical-surgical applications are discussed.

PMID- 3362837
TI  - Elevated pressure in the dorsal part of pancreas divisum: the cause of chronic
      pancreatitis?
AB  - In 6 patients with upper abdominal pain of unknown origin presenting with
      pancreas divisum, the pressure in the pancreatic duct was measured via the minor
      papilla into which in these patients the main part of the pancreatic duct system
      drains. For comparison intraductal manometry via the major papilla (papilla of
      Vater) was performed in 8 patients with normal pancreatic duct system. The
      pressure in the pancreatic duct of the control group was 10.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg,
      whereas in the patients with pancreas divisum it was 23.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg. The
      results demonstrate that in patients with pancreas divisum, intraductal pressure
      may be largely increased even in the fasting state.

PMID- 3362839
TI  - Reply to Dr. Edward L. Brady III.

PMID- 3362838
TI  - Glucagon inhibition of cerulein-induced hypertrophy of the exocrine pancreas.
AB  - Glucagon is structurally related to secretin but inhibits the effects of secretin
      and cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic secretion in vivo. Because secretin is a
      weak stimulant of pancreatic growth and potentiates the trophic effects of CCK,
      we hypothesized that glucagon might inhibit CCK-induced pancreatic growth. Four
      groups of 10 rats were injected with saline, glucagon (30 micrograms/kg,
      equimolar to a known trophic dose of secretin), cerulein (0.67 microgram/kg), or
      glucagon plus cerulein every 8 h for 5 days. The pancreas was excised, weighed,
      and assayed for total content of DNA, protein, amylase, chymotrypsinogen, and
      lipase. In control and glucagon-alone groups, the small intestine was also
      removed, weighed, and assayed for DNA, protein, and disaccharidase content.
      Glucagon alone decreased pancreatic DNA and increased lipase content. Compared
      with cerulein-treated animals, animals treated with glucagon and cerulein showed
      significant decreases in pancreatic weight and content of protein, amylase, and
      chymotrypsinogen. Although glucagon had significant effects on intestinal
      protein, maltase, and sucrase contents in certain segments, there was no clear
      pattern of response. The data suggest that glucagon may be an inhibitory
      regulator of pancreatic growth, acting to block the effects of CCK on pancreatic
      hypertrophy.

PMID- 3362840
TI  - Pancreas cancer; nihilism is obsolete.

PMID- 3362841
TI  - Renal factors in serum trypsinogen 1 metabolism and excretion in chronic
      pancreatic disease.
AB  - In order to investigate the role of renal factors in affecting trypsinogen 1
      metabolism and excretion in chronic pancreatic disease, serum immunoreactive
      trypsin (IRT), urinary IRT, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alpha-glucosidase
      (AGL) and RNase outputs and the molecular size distribution of serum and urine
      IRT were studied in 8 control subjects, 18 cases with pancreatic cancer, and 23
      cases with chronic pancreatitis. Serum chromatography demonstrated that most
      immunoreactivity eluted as trypsinogen 1. Smaller amounts of immunoreactivity at
      higher molecular weights were also observed. Urine chromatography displayed both
      trypsinogen 1 and heavier molecular forms. An inverse linear correlation was
      noticed between creatinine clearance and serum trypsinogen 1 levels. Multiple
      regression analysis (urinary IRT output dependent and GGT, AGL, and RNase
      predictor variables) showed a significant linear correlation. RNase was found to
      be the most important parameter in explaining urinary IRT output. Mild variations
      in the glomerular function seem to be able to influence serum trypsinogen 1
      levels. Urinary IRT excretion is principally explained by a disturbance in the
      tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins, such as RNase.

PMID- 3362842
TI  - Diet, pancreatic function, and chronic pancreatitis in south India and France.
AB  - The usual consumption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, and the
      exocrine pancreatic function estimated in duodenal juice after an intravenous
      injection of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK), have been studied with the same
      method and by the same team in Kerala (South India) and in Marseille (France) in
      apparently normal children (7 Indians, 21 French), in normal adults (23 Indians,
      17 French), and in patients presenting with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (8
      Indian children, 28 Indian adults, 25 French adults). Although they had a low
      protein intake (children controls: 32.1 +/- 14 g/day (SM), children pancreatitis:
      51.1 +/- 15, adult controls: 51.3 +/- 4.9, adult pancreatitis: 55.7 +/- 5.7), the
      exocrine secretion of Indian controls was not very much modified in comparison
      with Europeans. Therefore, Indians are less affected by the insufficient diet
      than the population of Ivory Coast previously studied by the same group. The diet
      of Indian patients is characterized by a moderately low protein intake and a very
      low fat intake (18.5 g/day +/- 2.3 (SM) for children 23.4 g/day + 2.7 for adult
      patients). Comparison between different series of patients studied in different
      countries with the same method suggests that kwashiorkor or cassava consumption
      have no evident role in the etiology of chronic tropical pancreatitis. The
      possible role of a low fat diet is suggested and needs further exploration.

PMID- 3362843
TI  - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and microangiography of the pancreas in
      acute human hemorrhagic/necrotizing pancreatitis.
AB  - Five patients with severe acute pancreatitis had a low contrast enhancement (CE)
      of the pancreas in computed tomography (CT) and underwent subtotal
      pancreatectomy. Microangiography and histologic studies were performed on the
      resected pancreases, and the findings were related to those of CE. All patients
      had histologically documented hemorrhagic/necrotizing pancreatitis. The more
      disturbed the vascular anatomy in microangiography, the more hemorrhages and
      necroses were found in histology. The microangiographic and histologic findings
      corresponded closely to the low contrast-enhanced CT of the diseased pancreas in
      each patient. Thus, in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis, one can
      detect by noninvasive means which areas of the gland are necrotic and which
      edematous by a dynamic study of contrast-enhanced CT of the pancreas.

PMID- 3362844
TI  - Fasting, refeeding and diabetes modulate free amino acid concentrations in the
      rat exocrine pancreas: role of transstimulation in amino acid efflux.
AB  - The effects of fasting, refeeding, and streptozotocin-induced experimental
      diabetes on free amino acid concentrations in the rat exocrine pancreas were
      investigated. Extracts of pancreatic tissue and plasma were analyzed using high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Pancreatic and plasma concentrations of
      alanine were reduced in animals fasted for 24 to 72 h. Pancreatic concentrations
      of leucine, arginine, and glutamine were increased after fasting for 48 h, and
      concentrations of all essential amino acids plus the nonessential amino acids
      glycine, serine, taurine, and glutamine were elevated after fasting for 72 h.
      Refeeding 72 h fasted animals for 3 h or 24 h had a negligible effect on the
      plasma amino acid concentrations, but markedly lowered the concentration of
      essential amino acids within the pancreatic tissue. Diabetes lowered the total
      plasma amino acid concentration from 4.9 mM to 3.1 mM but increased the total
      pancreatic tissue amino acid level from 16.4 mM to 18.3 mM. Efflux of
      intracellular amino acids into the circulation of the isolated perfused pancreas
      was assessed under basal conditions and in response to a vascular amino acid
      challenge using HPLC. L-serine transstimulated efflux of a large number of amino
      acids, whereas cellular efflux was only minimally affected by L-phenylalanine.
      Fasting and diabetes-induced increases in essential amino acid concentrations
      within the pancreas may reflect decreased protein synthesis, accelerated protein
      catabolism, or a change in membrane transport. Altered intracellular amino acid
      levels may directly regulate exchange diffusion of intracellular for
      extracellular amino acid(s).

PMID- 3362845
TI  - Central cavitary necrosis: differentiation from pancreatic pseudocyst on CT scan.
AB  - Central cavitary necrosis of the pancreas has a computed tomography CT appearance
      of a well-defined sausage-shaped mass with a low-density center and convex
      margins, usually conforming to the pancreatic contour. Several other entities,
      including pancreatic pseudocyst, may have a similar appearance. Since the
      treatment of central cavitary necrosis differs considerably from that of these
      other entities, it is important to differentiate them. We present CT criteria
      that help distinguish central cavitary necrosis from pancreatic pseudocyst and
      from a variety of other intrapancreatic and peripancreatic masses.

PMID- 3362846
TI  - Pancreatic and gastric responses to gastric versus jejunal beer in humans.
AB  - To investigate the influence of beer on gastric and pancreatic secretion, 14
      fasted volunteers were studied on two different days. A multilumen intestinal
      tube allowed measurement of intraluminal pressures and collection of gastric and
      duodenal juices. Seven subjects received in random order 250 ml of either beer or
      glucose (5.6%, w/v) intragastrically; seven other subjects received these
      intrajejunally. After 15 min, 48 +/- 8% of beer and 47 +/- 6% of glucose were
      emptied into the duodenum. Intragastric beer induced a nearly sevenfold increase
      in gastric acid output as compared with glucose (16.3 +/- 2.9 mmol/h versus 2.5
      +/- 0.6 mmol/h; p less than 0.05), intrajejunal beer induced a nearly threefold
      increase (5.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/h versus 1.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/h). The stimulated gastric
      acid output was threefold higher after intragastric than after intrajejunal beer.
      Trypsin output was slightly but significantly (p less than 0.05) stimulated by
      intragastric beer as compared with glucose (4,639 +/- 460 U/h versus 3,628 +/-
      399 U/h) and nearly threefold by intrajejunal beer (2,579 +/- 455 U/h versus 849
      +/- 181 U/h) (p less than 0.05). Trypsin response to intragastric beer was 1.8
      times higher than after intrajejunal beer (p less than 0.05). Intragastric beer
      induced a nearly ninefold increase of the 1 h integrated plasma gastrin response
      as compared with glucose (998 +/- 347 pM min vs 115 +/- 70 pM min) (p less than
      0.05). Intrajejunal beer and glucose did not release gastrin. We conclude that
      both intragastric and intrajejunal beer stimulate gastric acid and pancreatic
      enzyme secretion; intragastric beer being a more potent stimulant. Gastrin might
      partially mediate the responses to intragastric but not to intrajejunal beer.

PMID- 3362847
TI  - Atropine abolishes the potentiation effect of secretin and cholecystokinin
      octapeptide on exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans.
AB  - Potentiating action between secretin and cholecystokinin on exocrine pancreatic
      secretion of bicarbonate has been well recognized. In the present study, we
      studied the effect of atropine on potentiating action on pancreatic exocrine
      secretion stimulated by exogenous secretin in physiologic dose and
      cholecystokinin-octapeptide in humans. Using a dye-dilution technique and a
      duodenal triple-lumen tube, pancreatic secretion of both bicarbonate and trypsin
      was determined while gastric juice was completely aspirated. Secretin given i.v.
      in a dose of 2.7 pmol/kg/h, which was known to achieve a similar plasma
      concentration of secretin after meal in humans, and cholecystokinin-octapeptide
      26.2 pmol/kg/h potentiated pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate but not the
      pancreatic trypsin output. Atropine given i.v. in a dose of 1 mg/h abolished the
      potentiation effect of the two hormones on pancreatic bicarbonate output. Since
      the inhibitory effect of atropine on the secretin-stimulated bicarbonate output
      was statistically significant, the major inhibitory effect of atropine on the
      potentiation of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion appears to be its effect on the
      action of secretin.

PMID- 3362848
TI  - Structural classes of glutathione transferase: distinctions between isoenzymes
      and enzymes.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the five cytosolic rat glutathione transferases 1-1,
      2-2, 3-3, 4-4, and 7-7 of three different classes have been compared. Alignments
      demonstrate 68%-78% positional identity between isoenzymes within the same class,
      and 29%-32% between the enzymes of different classes. Of the 209-221 residues in
      the structures, those strictly conserved are limited to 24, over half of which
      are charged residues and Leu, while few are Gly and Pro that in related proteins
      otherwise are often maintained because of space restrictions and conserved
      conformations. In spite of the limited sequence homologies, hydropathy profiles
      and predictions of secondary structures emphasize the relationship between the
      three enzyme classes. The predictions indicate alternating alpha-helices and beta
      strands, a chain fold typical for alpha/beta protein structures. Glutathione
      transferases within a class are highly similar and may be regarded as true
      isoenzymes, while transferases of different classes appear to occupy an
      intermediate stage between isoenzymes and discrete enzymes.

PMID- 3362849
TI  - Protein Sequence Database of the Protein Identification Resource (PIR).

PMID- 3362851
TI  - Acid production from xylitol products in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3362850
TI  - Effects of some commercial health beverages, effervescent vitamin C preparations
      and berries on human dental enamel.

PMID- 3362852
TI  - A comparison of dentists' and denturists' complete denture patients.

PMID- 3362853
TI  - Interrelations between random walks on diagrams (graphs) with and without cycles.
AB  - Three topics are discussed. A discrete-state, continuous-time random walk with
      one or more absorption states can be studied by a presumably new method: some
      mean properties, including the mean time to absorption, can be found from a
      modified diagram (graph) in which each absorption state is replaced by a one-way
      cycle back to the starting state. The second problem is a random walk on a
      diagram (graph) with cycles. The walk terminates on completion of the first
      cycle. This walk can be replaced by an equivalent walk on a modified diagram with
      absorption. This absorption diagram can in turn be replaced by another modified
      diagram with one-way cycles back to the starting state, just as in the first
      problem. The third problem, important in biophysics, relates to a long-time
      continuous walk on a diagram with cycles. This diagram can be transformed (in two
      steps) to a modified, more-detailed, diagram with one-way cycles only. Thus, the
      one-way cycle fluxes of the original diagram can be found from the state
      probabilities of the modified diagram. These probabilities can themselves be
      obtained by simple matrix inversion (the probabilities are determined by linear
      algebraic steady-state equations). Thus, a simple method is now available to find
      one-way cycle fluxes exactly (previously Monte Carlo simulation was required to
      find these fluxes, with attendant fluctuations, for diagrams of any complexity).
      An incidental benefit of the above procedure is that it provides a simple proof
      of the one-way cycle flux relation Jn +/- = IIn +/- sigma n/sigma, where n is any
      cycle of the original diagram.

PMID- 3362854
TI  - Determination of the absolute configuration of (-)-(2R)-succinic-2-d acid by
      neutron diffraction study: unambiguous proof of the absolute stereochemistry of
      the NAD+/NADH interconversion.
AB  - The absolute configuration of the CHD group (D = deuterium) in (-)-(2R)-succinic
      2-d acid, as prepared from (-)-(2S,3R)-malic-3-d acid, has been shown
      unambiguously to be R by the technique of single-crystal neutron diffraction. The
      optically active cation (+)-phenylethylammonium was used as the chiral reference.
      The structure of [C6H5CH3CHNH3]+[HOOCCH2CHDCOO]- has been studied with x-ray
      diffraction at room temperature and neutron diffraction at 100 K. Crystal data
      from the neutron diffraction analysis of the phenylethylammonium salt of the
      title compound at 100 K: space group P21; a = 8.407(2) A, b = 8.300(4) A, c =
      8.614(2) A, beta = 91.20(3) degrees; unit cell volume = 600.9(3) A3, zeta = 2
      (numbers in parentheses are the estimated standard deviations). Final agreement
      factors are R(F2) = 0.0355 and R(wF2) = 0.0457 for 1690 independent neutron
      reflections and 297 parameters varied. The result confirms the stereochemistry of
      the malate/succinate transformation, as well as the NAD+/NADH interconversion,
      and demonstrates the usefulness of the single-crystal neutron diffraction method
      for determining the absolute configuration of molecules having a chiral
      monodeuteriomethylene group.

PMID- 3362855
TI  - Localization of the main immunogenic region of human muscle acetylcholine
      receptor to residues 67-76 of the alpha subunit.
AB  - The majority of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR), both in the
      human disease myasthenia gravis and in its experimental models, are directed
      against an extracellular area of the AcChoR alpha subunit called the main
      immunogenic region (MIR). We have studied the binding of anti-AcChoR monoclonal
      antibodies (mAbs) to 26 synthetic peptides corresponding to the hydrophilic parts
      of the human AcChoR alpha subunit. The binding sites for eight anti-MIR mAbs and
      for eight anti-alpha-subunit, non-anti-MIR mAbs were localized. Anti-MIR mAbs
      bound to one peptide corresponding to residues 63-80 of the human alpha subunit.
      A second panel of peptides corresponding to the various parts of the alpha
      subunit segment 63-80 was synthesized. Anti-MIR antibodies bound to a peptide
      that contained the alpha-subunit sequence 67-76. Thus, a main constituent loop of
      the MIR is localized between residues 67 and 76 of the alpha subunit.

PMID- 3362856
TI  - Accurate and efficient pre-mRNA splicing in Drosophila cell-free extracts.
AB  - Synthetic mRNA precursors from the Drosophila fushi tarazu (ftz) gene were shown
      to be accurately and efficiently spliced in Drosophila nuclear extracts derived
      from Kc tissue culture cells or 0- to 12-hr embryos. Splicing the ftz pre-mRNA
      requires ATP and low levels of Mg2+. The reaction proceeds with a lag of 20-30
      min prior to appearance of spliced mRNA and appears to proceed in two steps. The
      first step is cleavage at the 5' splice site to generate a 5' exon (E1) fragment
      and an intron-3' exon (IVS-E2) species. The second step involves cleavage at the
      3' splice site, ligation of the two exons (E1-E2), and intron (IVS) release. The
      excised intron (IVS) and intron-3' exon (IVS-E2) exhibit anomalous
      electrophoretic mobility, suggesting that they contain branched structures.
      Nuclease analysis using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography indicates that
      both the IVS and IVS-E2 species possess branched trinucleotides in which a
      guanosine residue at the 5' end of the intron is linked in a 2'-5' phosphodiester
      bond to the 2' hydroxyl group of an adenosine residue in the intron. The site of
      branchpoint formation was localized by debranching the Drosophila lariat with
      mammalian (HeLa) cell debranching enzyme and by P1 and T2 nuclease analysis.
      These findings indicate that nuclear extracts derived from Drosophila cultured
      cells or embryos can accurately splice mRNA precursors and that the reaction
      mechanism is the same as has been observed in yeast and mammalian cells. This
      system provides an initial step toward the biochemical analysis of
      developmentally regulated pre-mRNA splicing events in Drosophila.

PMID- 3362857
TI  - cDNA cloning and complete primary structure of skeletal muscle phosphorylase
      kinase (alpha subunit).
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of phosphorylase
      kinase from rabbit fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The cDNA molecule consists of 388
      nucleotides of 5'-nontranslated sequence, the complete coding sequence of 3711
      nucleotides, and 342 nucleotides of 3'-nontranslated sequence followed by a
      poly(dA) tract. It encodes a polypeptide of 1237 amino acids and a deduced
      molecular mass of 138,422 Da. Nearly half of the deduced amino acid sequence is
      confirmed by peptide sequencing. Seven positions of endogenously phosphorylated
      serine residues and autophosphorylation sites, identified by peptide sequencing,
      could be assigned. They cluster in a segment of only 60 amino acids. RNA blot
      hybridization analysis demonstrates a predominant RNA species of approximately
      equal to 4500 nucleotides and a less abundant RNA of 8700 nucleotides.

PMID- 3362859
TI  - Frequent generation of oncogenes by in vitro recombination of TRK protooncogene
      sequences.
AB  - Transfection of NIH 3T3 cells with cDNA clones containing either the entire
      coding sequences or the tyrosine protein kinase domain of the human TRK
      protooncogene results in the frequent generation of transforming genes.
      Activation of most of these TRK oncogenes involves acquisition of DNA sequences.
      These sequences, unlike those present in the original human TRK oncogene, are not
      derived from tropomyosin genes. The products of these in vitro-generated TRK
      oncogenes retain the parental tyrosine protein kinase activity and contain an
      intact carboxyl terminus. However, they exhibit distinct biochemical properties.
      Whereas some of them are nonglycosylated cytoplasmic molecules, others were found
      to be transmembrane glycoproteins. These results suggest that TRK oncogenes may
      induce malignant transformation by allowing their tyrosine kinase to interact
      with various substrates depending on the nature of their activating sequences. If
      so, the TRK kinase may serve as a pleiotropic marker to identify various cellular
      proteins whose unscheduled phosphorylation on tyrosine residues contributes to
      neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 3362860
TI  - Temporal regulation in development: negative and positive cis regulators dictate
      the precise timing of expression of a Drosophila chorion gene.
AB  - We have used germ-line transformation to dissect the cis regulatory elements
      responsible for the transcriptional control of an internally marked Drosophila
      chorion gene (s15-P) during development. A 73-base-pair segment of the proximal
      5'-flanking DNA contains sequences essential for the tissue-specific expression
      and the precise "late" temporal regulation of that gene. A substitute s36-1
      segment of similar location can provide the tissue-specific function and imparts
      an early temporal regulation characteristic of gene s36-1. Within the regulatory
      DNA of s15-P, at least three adjacent elements are recognizable: an essential
      operationally positive element (TCACGT) that is shared by s36-1 and other chorion
      genes, irrespective of temporal specificity; a second positive element that is
      required for the normal late expression of s15-P; and, farthest upstream, a
      negative element that represses precocious expression during the early
      choriogenic stages.

PMID- 3362858
TI  - Do exons code for structural or functional units in proteins?
AB  - In considering the origin and evolution of proteins, the possibility that
      proteins evolved from exons coding for specific structure-function modules is
      attractive for its economy and simplicity but is not systematically supported by
      the available data. However, the number of correspondences between exons and
      units of protein structure-function that have so far been identified appears to
      be greater than expected by chance alone. The available data also show (i) that
      exons are fairly limited in size but are large enough to specify structure
      function modules in proteins; (ii) that the position of introns for homologous
      domains in the same gene is reasonably stable, but there is also evidence for
      mechanisms that alter the position or existence of introns; and (iii) that it is
      possible that the observed relationship of exons to protein structure represents
      a degenerate state of an ancestral correspondence between exons and structure
      function modules in proteins.

PMID- 3362861
TI  - Inheritance of human breast cancer: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission
      in high-risk families.
AB  - Segregation analysis of breast cancer in families can provide the logical basis
      and the specific genetic models for mapping and identifying genes responsible for
      human breast cancer. Patterns of breast cancer occurrence in families were
      investigated by complex segregation analysis. In a sample of 1579 nuclear
      families ascertained through a population-based series of probands, an autosomal
      dominant model with a highly penetrant susceptibility allele fully explained
      disease clustering. From the maximum-likelihood Mendelian model, the frequency of
      the susceptibility allele was 0.0006 in the general population, and lifetime risk
      of breast cancer was 0.82 among susceptible women and 0.08 among women without
      the susceptibility allele. Inherited susceptibility affected only 4% of families
      in the sample: multiple cases of this relatively common disease occurred in other
      families by chance. The same genetic models, with higher gene frequency,
      explained disease clustering in an extended kindred at high risk of breast
      cancer. Evidence for a highly penetrant, autosomal dominant susceptibility allele
      for breast cancer in a high-risk family and the general population suggests that
      high-risk families can serve as models for understanding breast cancer in the
      population as a whole.

PMID- 3362862
TI  - Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in
      human populations.
AB  - A population formed by genetic admixture of two or more source populations may
      exhibit considerable linkage disequilibrium between genetic loci. In the presence
      of recombination, this linkage disequilibrium declines with time, a fact that is
      often ignored when considering haplotypes of closely linked systems [e.g., Gm
      serum group (gamma globulins), HLA, and, more recently, restriction fragment
      length polymorphisms]. Recombination alters haplotype frequencies over time, and
      the haplotype-derived measures of admixture proportions from haplotype
      frequencies in generations following the admixture event become progressively
      more biased. The direction and extent of this bias can be predicted only when the
      history of admixture is known. Numerical illustration suggests that this bias is
      problematic whenever rt greater than 0.05, where r is the recombination rate
      between linked loci and t is the time (in generations) that has elapsed since the
      admixture event. In general, even the haplotype frequencies defined by multiple
      restriction fragment length polymorphism should be used with caution for
      admixture analysis. When recombination rates or the time since admixture are not
      precisely known, it is advantageous to consider each restriction fragment length
      polymorphism site separately for admixture analysis.

PMID- 3362863
TI  - Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) has a central role in cell-cell
      contact-mediated immune mechanisms.
AB  - The role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in immune function was
      probed by using the Wehi-CAM-1 (W-CAM-1) monoclonal antibody. This antibody
      blocks aggregation of cell lines mediated by the ICAM-1 molecule and is here
      shown to block homotypic binding of purified populations of activated T and B
      lymphocytes (blasts) and also aggregation of mixed T- and B-cell blasts. We also
      demonstrate that W-CAM-1 inhibited T-cell adhesion to normal human endothelial
      cells, the first step in lymphocyte egress into the tissues. In tests of immune
      function, W-CAM-1 had a modest inhibitory effect on T- and B-cell activation by
      potent mitogens and no effect on the response of activated lymphocytes to
      lymphokines. By contrast, activation induced by cell-cell contact (mixed
      lymphocyte reaction, T-cell-mediated B-cell activation) was significantly
      inhibited. Moreover, the antibody was shown to block elements of both effector
      arms of the immune system (cytotoxic cell function and immunoglobulin
      production). These findings show that the ICAM-1 molecule is a central component
      of the mechanism of lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. The studies of lymphoid
      function demonstrate a pivotal role for this molecule in both the T-cell/T-cell
      and T-cell/B-cell interactions, which underpin the regulation of the immune
      response, and in the mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

PMID- 3362864
TI  - Qa-region class I gene expression: identification of a second class I gene, Q9,
      encoding a Qa-2 polypeptide.
AB  - A feature of the expression of the tissue-specific class I antigen Qa-2 is the
      quantitative variation among mouse strains. Recently, the class I gene Q7 has
      been shown to encode a protein product that is biochemically indistinguishable
      from the lymphocyte-bound Qa-2 molecule. Utilizing gene transfection, we have
      identified a second Qa-2 subregion class I gene (Q9), in H-2b mice, which encodes
      a polypeptide biochemically similar to the Q7 and the Qa-2 polypeptides.
      Furthermore, we have observed that cell lines transfected with the allelic forms
      of the Q7 gene from C57BL/10 (Qa-2hi) or BALB/C (Qa-2low) display quantitative
      differences in cell-surface expression. Based on these studies, we suggest that
      gene dosage and allele-specific variation in cell-surface expression contribute
      to the strain-specific variation in the levels of Qa-2 antigen expression.

PMID- 3362865
TI  - Protection against the staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced intestinal disorder in
      the monkey by anti-idiotypic antibodies.
AB  - The staphylococcal enterotoxin serotype B (SEB)-induced enteric intoxication and
      the immediate-type reaction in the skin of unsensitized monkeys was used to
      define whether agents competing with SEB for target cell receptors may inhibit
      pathophysiological effects. For this purpose a duodenal provocation test was
      developed by use of a pediatric gastroscope, allowing the evaluation of the
      influence of antagonists on the intestinal disorder upon SEB challenge at the
      same duodenal site. First, carboxymethylation of histidine residues of SEB caused
      a complete loss of emetic and skin-sensitizing activity without changing the
      immunological specificity. However, carboxymethylated SEB is a strong inhibitor
      of enteric intoxications and immediate-type skin reactions upon SEB challenge.
      Second, after immunization of BALB/c mice with monoclonal anti-SEB antibodies,
      monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) were obtained by the "hybridoma
      technique" and purification by idiotype-affinity chromatography. Anti-Id
      specifically inhibited the binding of horseradish peroxidase-labeled anti-SEB to
      the ligand, and SEB blocked as well the interaction of these two antibody
      species, indicating a high degree of binding-site selectivity. Anti-Id completely
      protected against emetic response and diarrhea upon duodenal provocation with SEB
      and inhibited immediate-type skin reactions as well. Further, anti-Id acted as an
      antagonist without triggering biologic functions themselves. This shows that anti
      Id constitute a useful tool to protect against a bacterial toxin-induced
      intestinal disorder.

PMID- 3362866
TI  - Antioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle
      and brain.
AB  - Carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine are present in high concentrations in the
      muscle and brain of many animals and humans. However, their exact function is not
      clear. The antioxidant activity of these compounds has been examined by testing
      their peroxyl radical-trapping ability at physiological concentrations.
      Carnosine, homocarnosine, anserine, and other histidine derivatives all showed
      antioxidant activity. All of these compounds showing peroxyl radical-trapping
      activity were also electrochemically active as reducing agents in cyclic
      voltammetric measurements. Furthermore, carnosine inhibited the oxidative
      hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine induced by ascorbic acid and copper ions. Other
      roles of carnosine, such as chelation of metal ions, quenching of singlet oxygen,
      and binding of hydroperoxides, are also discussed. The data suggest a role for
      these histidine-related compounds as endogenous antioxidants in brain and muscle.

PMID- 3362867
TI  - Interruption of acute platelet-dependent thrombosis by the synthetic antithrombin
      D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone.
AB  - Since the antithrombin action of heparin fails to interrupt arterial thrombosis,
      a mediating role for thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) in the formation of high-shear
      platelet-dependent thrombus has been unproven. To determine whether thrombin is
      important in acute arterial thrombus formation and to assess the therapeutic
      potential of inhibiting its action, the effects of the synthetic covalent
      antithrombin D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone (FPRCH2Cl) on
      arterial-flow vascular graft thrombosis and occlusion have been studied in a
      nonhuman primate model. Continuous intravenous infusion of FPRCH2Cl (100 nmol/kg
      per min) into vascular graft-bearing baboons (Papio anubis) abolished (i)
      vascular graft 111In-platelet deposition, (ii) vascular graft occlusion, (iii)
      thrombus-associated in vivo release of platelet-specific proteins and
      fibrinopeptides, (iv) platelet hemostatic plug formation, (v) thrombin-induced
      platelet aggregation ex vivo, and (vi) thrombin-induced blood clotting. The
      effects of FPRCH2Cl largely disappeared within 15 min after the infusion had been
      discontinued. FPRCH2Cl produced no detectable cardiovascular or other acute side
      effects. In contrast, sustained comparably anticoagulating levels of heparin had
      no effect upon 111In-platelet graft deposition, graft occlusion, platelet
      function as measured by the bleeding time, platelet aggregation ex vivo, or
      release of platelet-specific proteins in vivo. We conclude that thrombin is the
      principal mediator of platelet-dependent hemostatic plug formation and of the
      formation of platelet-dependent high-flow acute graft thrombosis and occlusion.
      Moreover, FPRCH2Cl or other synthetic antithrombins may provide effective
      antithrombotic therapy for both arterial and venous thrombosis by simultaneously
      inhibiting platelet activation and fibrin formation.

PMID- 3362868
TI  - Phospholipase C I and II brain isozymes: immunohistochemical localization in
      neuronal systems in rat brain.
AB  - Two distinct inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC;
      phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) isozymes, PLC-I and PLC-II,
      have been purified and characterized from bovine brain. Monoclonal antibodies
      that distinguish between these isozymes are used in the present study to map
      isozyme distribution in the rat brain with immunohistochemical techniques. Both
      isozymes are localized in neurons, and, whereas PLC-II is rather ubiquitous-
      being expressed in most neurons, PLC-I is restricted in its distribution. The
      strongest immunoreactive labeling for PLC-I is in the neurons of the striatum,
      which provide inputs to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, where terminals
      are also densely labeled. The neuronal targets of these terminals in the globus
      pallidus and substantia nigra do not express PLC-I immunoreactivity, but they do
      display PLC-II immunoreactivity. PLC-I immunoreactivity is also particularly well
      pronounced in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and, to a lesser extent, in
      the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. In the thalamus, PLC-I is localized to
      neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus, in the medial subdivision of the
      mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, and in the anteromedial thalamic nucleus. Other
      areas displaying PLC-I immunoreactive neurons include the dorsal lateral septal
      nucleus and the basolateral amygdala. The expression of at least one or more
      forms of PLC in most neurons of the brain suggests that this enzyme may be part
      of a common system of signal transduction used universally by all neurons.
      However, the differential expression of PLC isozymes suggests further that
      certain neurotransmitter and receptor interactions may differ in the forms of the
      PLC enzyme used for signal transduction.

PMID- 3362869
TI  - Simultaneous demonstrations of neuropeptide Y gene expression and peptide storage
      in single neurons of the human brain.
AB  - A combination of in situ hybridization for neuropeptide Y mRNA that used a 32P
      labeled complementary RNA probe and immunocytochemistry with polyclonal
      antibodies against neuropeptide Y were applied to human cortical brain samples to
      simultaneously localize neuropeptide Y and its mRNA. These two techniques allowed
      simultaneous identification of neuropeptide Y gene expression and peptide storage
      in single neurons of the human brain.

PMID- 3362870
TI  - Differences between high-affinity forskolin binding sites in dopamine-rich and
      other regions of rat brain.
AB  - [3H]Forskolin bound to high- and low-affinity sites in the rat brain. The high
      affinity site was discretely located, with highest densities in the striatum,
      nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercule, substantia nigra, hippocampus, and the
      molecular layers of the cerebellum. This site did not correlate well with the
      distribution of adenylate cyclase. The high-affinity striatal binding site may be
      associated with a stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Thus, the
      number of sites was increased by the addition of Mg2+ and guanylyl
      imidodiphosphate. Cholera toxin stereotaxically injected into one rat striatum
      increased the number of binding sites, and no further increase was noted
      following the subsequent addition of guanyl nucleotide. High-affinity forskolin
      binding sites in non-dopamine-rich brain areas (hippocampus and cerebellum) were
      modulated in a qualitatively different manner by guanyl nucleotides. In these
      areas the number of binding sites was significantly reduced by the addition of
      guanyl nucleotide. These results suggest that forskolin may have a potential role
      in identifying different functional/structural guanine nucleotide-binding
      proteins.

PMID- 3362872
TI  - Pattern of expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA in the developing rat
      brain.
AB  - The time and pattern of appearance of glutamic acid decarboxylase (glutamate
      decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.15) (GAD) mRNA during the development of the rat brain
      were analyzed. RNA transfer blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from whole brain shows
      that a 3.7-kilobase transcript is the most abundant form of the message from
      embryonic day 15 (E15) through adulthood. By E15 this form is present at about
      50% of its adult abundance relative to other poly(A)+ mRNA species. At birth the
      abundance is approximately the same as in the adult. In contrast, the enzyme
      activity level is only 8% of the adult level at birth and takes 3 weeks to reach
      adult levels. There are qualitative changes in GAD mRNA during development.
      Several large (7-9 kilobases) transcripts with strong homology to GAD are
      enriched in early developmental stages but are barely detectable in the adult. A
      nuclease protection assay shows a developmentally regulated heterogeneity in a
      coding portion of the mRNA.

PMID- 3362871
TI  - Electrical stimulation in vivo increases the expression of proenkephalin mRNA and
      decreases the expression of prodynorphin mRNA in rat hippocampal granule cells.
AB  - In situ hybridization histochemistry in combination with RNA blot techniques was
      used to study the regulation of opioid gene expression in rat hippocampus. By use
      of a prodynorphin cDNA probe, a strong hybridization signal was identified in the
      granule cell layer of the hippocampus. However, experiments using a proenkephalin
      cDNA probe revealed that the content of proenkephalin mRNA was considerably lower
      than that of prodynorphin mRNA. Following five brief trains of high-frequency
      electrical stimulation to the dentate gyrus, the proenkephalin mRNA content of
      the granule cells, measured 22 hr later, was substantially increased on the
      stimulated side. In contrast, levels of prodynorphin mRNA were markedly decreased
      ipsilateral to the stimulation site. These results were confirmed by RNA blot
      analysis of extracted mRNA. The decrease in prodynorphin mRNA content first
      became apparent between 4 and 7 hr after the end of stimulation. Distinct
      mechanisms, therefore, regulate the expression of proenkephalin mRNA and
      prodynorphin mRNA in rat hippocampus.

PMID- 3362873
TI  - Nutrition, growth, and cancer. Proceedings of the First International Symposium.
      Athens, Greece, April 26-30, 1987.

PMID- 3362874
TI  - Mutagenesis; carcinogenesis and the metal elements--DNA interaction.
AB  - The present work presents evidence indicating that copper, which binds on the
      phosphate and base moieties of the DNA, induces single strand DNA breaks and
      increases the frequency of mutations and sister chromatid exchanges in cultured V
      79 fibroblast cells, while in solution decreases the thermostability of the DNA
      of these cells. Magnesium which binds only at the phosphate moiety does not
      induce lesions in the genetic material of the V-79 cells. A more general
      hypothesis is proposed relating to mutagenic/carcinogenic potential of metal
      elements to their affinity for binding on the base moiety of DNA.

PMID- 3362875
TI  - Tentative structure of a novel vitamin B6 tumor product.

PMID- 3362876
TI  - Vitamin C in leukemia and preleukemia cell growth.
AB  - Vitamin C was shown to be an essential requirement for the growth of mouse
      myeloma cells in an in vitro colony assay. Human leukemia (acute nonlymphocytic
      leukemia) cell colonies grow well in a similar in vitro culture system, and
      vitamin C has been shown to enhance the growth of leukemic cell colonies in 77
      (35%) of 219 leukemic patients while none of 34 normal bone marrows tested
      simultaneously shows growth enhancement by this vitamin. This vitamin C effect is
      reproducible in repeated experiments in same patients, specific to this vitamin,
      selective for leukemic cells, and is proven to be biological in nature. Further,
      leukemic cells are mobilized back and forth between cycling and resting states
      with vitamin C supplementation/depletion. Our more recent study indicates that
      the preleukemia (myelodysplastic syndrome), generally known to be related to
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, has similar pattern in terms of vitamin C
      sensitivity, with 8 of 25 patients (32%) showing the growth enhancement with this
      vitamin.

PMID- 3362877
TI  - Management of advanced cancer of prostate and bladder. Proceedings of a symposium
      on the tenth anniversary of EORTC, Leeds, England, October 3rd, 1986 and the
      Fifth Course in Urological Oncology, Erice, Sicily, November 28-December 4th,
      1986.

PMID- 3362878
TI  - Applications of the xenograft as a model of invasive transitional cell carcinoma
      of the bladder.
AB  - We have established a series of serially-transplantable xenografts of human
      bladder cancer which encompass the broad range of histological subtypes of this
      disease. Substantial heterogeneity has been demonstrated with respect to the
      ultrastructural and functional characteristics of these lines. We have used this
      model to explore the histogenesis of the different subtypes of bladder cancer as
      well as for preliminary studies of novel anti-cancer drugs for this disease.
      Future studies will characterise further the differences between superficial and
      invasive tumours and may reveal predictors of their natural history and
      metastatic potential.

PMID- 3362879
TI  - In vitro synergism of irradiation and chemotherapy.

PMID- 3362880
TI  - Flow cytometry correlates of response to intravesical interferon.

PMID- 3362881
TI  - Beta-interferon in patients with bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362882
TI  - Staging of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362883
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362884
TI  - Our experience with a new method of urinary cytology during cystoscopy.

PMID- 3362885
TI  - Lymphography and percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy in the staging of
      bladder carcinoma.

PMID- 3362886
TI  - The assessment of patients with invasive bladder cancer prior to definitive
      treatment to enable individual planning of the most appropriate therapy.
AB  - Improving techniques in detection and assessment of invasive bladder cancer have
      improved our knowledge of this disease. We are still lacking information about
      individual patients' responses to their cancers and the ways that we can improve
      this but it is to be hoped that the time will come when all patients with
      invasive bladder cancer will be able to receive all the useful modalities of
      treatment specifically chosen to meet the requirements for the control of their
      tumours and the needs of the patients themselves.

PMID- 3362887
TI  - Current concepts in the management of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3362888
TI  - The advantages of staged cystectomy and urinary diversion in the management of
      invasive bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362889
TI  - Radical prostato-cystectomy for infiltrating bladder carcinoma using a combined
      abdomino-perineal approach.
AB  - Radical abdomino-perineal cystectomy was used in 23 Pts with Tis to T4 bladder
      tumors, 12 of whom had previously been submitted to radical Radiotherapy (salvage
      cystectomy). The perineal approach greatly facilitated the prostatic dissection
      in 10 cases, in which it was considered extremely hazardous from the abdomen.
      There were two post-operative deaths from acute myocardial infection in patients
      over 70. Prolonged drainage of the perineal wound occurred in four Pts. Abdomino
      perineal cystectomy is not a routine procedure and should be considered in two
      settings: in the case of salvage cystectomy when Radiotherapy - induced
      desmoplastic reactions make the dissection of the prostate from the rectum
      hazardous, and when urethrectomy is mandatory and the patients status requires an
      expeditious procedure. Although the early cystectomies for bladder carcinoma were
      performed using a combined perineo-abdominal or abdomino-perineal approach
      (Couvelaire 1948, Hinman 1939, Wilhem 1947), this procedure has fallen into
      disuse since the early 1950's in favor of the suprapubic approach. Nevertheless,
      the combined abdomino-perineal procedure offers three advantages: 1) better
      exposure of the urethra, prostatoseminal pedicles, and puboprostatic ligaments,
      2) total urethrectomy can be done at the same time, 3) drainage through the
      perineal incision is excellent. These advantages are maximized when two surgeons
      operate simultaneously through the perineal and suprapubic incisions (Ameline
      1948, Boccon-Gibod 1979, Boccon-Gibod 1984, Crawford 1980, Pascal 1974).

PMID- 3362890
TI  - Lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362891
TI  - Exenteration for carcinoma of the pelvis and perineum.

PMID- 3362892
TI  - The results of treatment of 1,475 patients with bladder carcinoma in the region
      of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

PMID- 3362893
TI  - Internal urinary diversion following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362894
TI  - Ureterosigmoidostomy after cystectomy for bladder cancer: our experience.

PMID- 3362895
TI  - Transverse colon conduit.

PMID- 3362896
TI  - Use of ileocaecal tract and ileal reservoir in bladder reconstruction after
      cystectomy for cancer: clinical and functional evaluation.

PMID- 3362897
TI  - Maryland pouch--an antireflux reservoir without stoma.

PMID- 3362898
TI  - The Stanford experience with the Camey enterocystoplasty.

PMID- 3362899
TI  - Bladder replacement with use of the detubularized right colon.

PMID- 3362900
TI  - Potency and potency preserving surgery in urological pelvic malignancy.

PMID- 3362901
TI  - The management of impotence following pelvic surgery.

PMID- 3362902
TI  - Retrospective analysis of 246 patients after radical cystectomy for treatment of
      bladder cancer without preoperative radiotherapy.

PMID- 3362903
TI  - Evaluation of response by CT in patients with advanced bladder cancer treated
      with cisplatinum/methotrexate.
AB  - Nine patients with locally advanced bladder cancer were examined by CT to
      evaluate the response of chemotherapy with Cisplatinum/Methotrexate. A CT
      technique with a fat emulsion in the bladder lumen was used. Two series were
      performed, before and after intravenous contrast medium injection. The
      measurements of two perpendicular diameters were less applicable for response
      evaluation of primary bladder tumours. Area measurements by encircling the area
      should be used. The use of intravenous contrast was mandatory. When area
      measurements were used the CT examination showed complete remission in one
      patient, partial remission in five patients and no change in three patients. The
      evaluation of the response by clinical examination and CT showed the same result
      in five patients. In four patients CT and clinical evaluation did not correspond.

PMID- 3362904
TI  - Combined therapy by means of reductive surgery and polychemotherapy (M-VAC) in
      the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Our experience in 10 cases.

PMID- 3362905
TI  - Neoadjuvant intravenous cisplatin for T2-4NxMo bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362906
TI  - Preoperative chemotherapy in T3-T4 Nx Mo bladder cancer with cisplatinum and
      methotrexate.

PMID- 3362907
TI  - The cisplatin-methotrexate neo-adjuvant protocol as first-line therapy of bladder
      cancer. Present experience in Palermo.

PMID- 3362908
TI  - Pre surgery chemotherapy in bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362909
TI  - Pre-cystectomy chemotherapy with sequentially administered cisplatin,
      cyclophosphamide and adriamycin in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the
      bladder (preliminary report).

PMID- 3362910
TI  - Induction chemotherapy in association with preoperative radiotherapy and
      cystectomy in bladder carcinoma--a preliminary report.

PMID- 3362911
TI  - Assessment of quality of life in long-term survivors treated by first-line
      intravenous cisplatin for invasive bladder cancer.

PMID- 3362912
TI  - Participant survey to monitor conference progress.

PMID- 3362913
TI  - Adsorption of antihypertensives by suspensoids. Part 2. The adsorption of
      acebutolol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, and timolol by attapulgite,
      charcoal, kaolin and magnesium trisilicate.

PMID- 3362914
TI  - Simulated absorption of doxorubicin as ion pair.

PMID- 3362915
TI  - [Rheologic behavior of aqueous solutions of hydroxypropylcellulose. Influence of
      concentration and molecular weight].

PMID- 3362916
TI  - Central responses to cholinergic drugs of REM sleep deprived rats.
AB  - The present work studied the effects of REM sleep deprivation on the responses to
      cholinomimetic drugs in rats. Cataleptic behavior induced by pilocarpine,
      oxotremorine and eserine was not modified by previous REM sleep deprivation. On
      the other hand, the intensity of oxotremorine- and eserine-induced tremors, but
      not that of pilocarpine, was clearly augmented in the REMd rats and latency to
      the first tremor was shorter. REM sleep deprivation also potentiated the
      convulsions induced by nicotine. Two hypothetical mechanisms through which REM
      sleep deprivation could lead to the described hyperresponsiveness to
      cholinomimetic drugs are discussed.

PMID- 3362917
TI  - A comparison of the effects of atropine on real-feeding and sham-feeding of
      sucrose in rats.
AB  - In Experiment 1 the influence of atropine methyl nitrate on the sham-feeding
      response of adult female rats to a sucrose solution was determined. Atropine (1
      or 5 mg/kg) reliably suppressed the sham-intake of sucrose when the drug was
      administered 30 or 0 min prior to, or 17 min after the start of the feeding
      session. The suppressive effect was less, however, when the drug was administered
      30 min before testing compared to the other two injection-test conditions. In
      Experiment 2 atropine failed to reliably decrease the real-feeding of a sucrose
      solution whether it was injected 30, 15, or 0 min prior to testing. These results
      were replicated in Experiment 3; atropine (0 min injection-test interval) reduced
      the sham-intake but not the real-intake of a sucrose solution. However, atropine
      decreased the rate of feeding under both real- and sham-feeding conditions. The
      fact that atropine reduced feeding rate but not meal size in the real-feeding
      condition was attributed to the drug's lack of effect on postingestive satiety.
      The present findings along with other recent results indicate that (1) the
      injection-test interval is a potentially important variable in studies involving
      atropine; (2) results obtained with sham-feeding animals do not always generalize
      to real-feeding animals; and (3) cholinergically-mediated cephalic responses are
      of questionable importance in the control of meal size.

PMID- 3362918
TI  - Apomorphine fails to inhibit cocaine-induced behavioral hypersensitivity.
AB  - The subchronic administration of cocaine will induce a behavioral sensitization
      to challenge doses of the drug administered several days after cessation of
      treatment. This sensitization is similar behaviorally to that observed for other
      stimulants such as amphetamine. Similarities and differences in the sensitization
      induced by cocaine and amphetamine (which are though to have different mechanisms
      of actions although common behavioral outcomes) have not been thoroughly studied.
      The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the effects of these two
      drugs on basic horizontal locomotion and changes occurring subsequent to their
      subchronic administration in mice. Cocaine and amphetamine were administered
      acutely in various doses to compare time and dose responses in the behavioral
      paradigm used (infrared detection of horizontal locomotion). Subsequently,
      cocaine (10 mg/kg) or amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) were administered twice a day for 5
      days and the animals challenged 3 days after the last treatment with the same
      doses received subchronically. Two other groups of mice received the same
      subchronic treatment and in addition were administered 80 micrograms/kg
      apomorphine (5 to 15 min after each dose of the stimulant) and then tested for
      their response to challenge doses of the stimulants 72 hours after the last
      pretreatment dose. Acutely, cocaine produced a maximum locomotor activity that
      was significantly lower than that of amphetamine and the former had a much
      shorter duration of action than the latter. After subchronic administration, both
      stimulants induced sensitization, however, apomorphine inhibited the
      sensitization induced by amphetamine but failed to do so in the cocaine-treated
      animals. Possible mechanisms for these differences are discussed.

PMID- 3362919
TI  - The effect of ethanol on temperature selection in the goldfish, Carassius
      auratus.
AB  - The effect of ethanol on behavioral thermoregulation in the goldfish, Carassius
      auratus, was studied by adding ethanol to a horizontal aquatic temperature
      gradient which allowed each fish to select its preferred temperature within a
      range of about 9 degrees C to 33 degrees C. Alternating exposure to 1.0% (v/v)
      ethanol and water showed that fish (10 to 15 g) responded to ethanol by selecting
      lower temperatures. Onset and disappearance of the effect occurred within 10 min
      of exposure to or removal from ethanol. Fish exposed to 1.0% ethanol for 3 hr did
      not show acute tolerance. When fish were exposed to increasing concentrations of
      ethanol from 0.0% to 1.7%, the lowest concentration to elicit a response was 0.5%
      ethanol. The magnitude of the response plateaued at 0.7% ethanol. At this
      concentration and above, selected temperatures remained about 2 degrees C below
      temperatures selected by controls. Because thermoregulatory responses of fish are
      behavioral and relatively easy to observe and quantify, goldfish offer a useful
      model for the study of ethanol effects on central nervous system control of
      thermoregulation. Ethanol produces a prompt, stable, and reproducible depression
      of selected temperature by lowering the thermoregulatory set point in the
      goldfish.

PMID- 3362920
TI  - Stimulant effects of apomorphine and (+)-amphetamine in rats with varied
      habituation to test environment.
AB  - The stimulants (+)-amphetamine and apomorphine are known to increase motility and
      induce stereotypy in rats. The present study examined the effects of an
      habituation period immediately prior to injection on these stimulant effects.
      Male Wistar rats received doses of either drug including 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0,
      2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg in a random order. Activity was assessed in 6 automated
      chambers where horizontal and vertical activity were tabulated hourly for 4
      hours. Initially all rats had equal exposure to the chambers over 5 days. In the
      subsequent drug phase, habituated rats were placed in the chambers for the 1-hr
      period prior to each injection whereas non-habituated rats were in their home
      cages at the corresponding time. (+)-Amphetamine stimulated horizontal activity,
      although under either condition the effect was not seen until the second hour
      post-injection, but lasted until the fourth hour. Vertical activity was similarly
      enhanced, but with habituation there was a significant stimulant effect in the
      first hour as well. With apomorphine the habituation period resulted in an
      absence of a significant stimulant effect. Non-habituated rats showed a
      significant stimulant effect with the highest dose only on vertical activity in
      the first hour and a stimulant effect with horizontal activity in the second
      hour. It is suggested that the relative novelty of the environment affected the
      behavioral response to apomorphine but not to (+)-amphetamine. Furthermore, the
      activating effects accompanying drug administration should be taken into account
      as a factor affecting responses to drugs. Such environmental factors may be of
      particular importance when considering drugs with a short duration of action.

PMID- 3362921
TI  - On the role of endogenous GABA in the forced swimming test in rats.
AB  - GABA content was reduced in the nucleus accumbens, cortex and brainstem of rats
      after 5 but not after 45, 120 min or 24 hr, from the termination of the pretest
      session. This reduction was not observed in rats performing on rotarod.
      Intraperitoneal AOAA (25 mg/kg; 24, 5 and 1 hr before the test), reduced at the
      same extent immobility time regardless whether the animals had been exposed to a
      pretest session. In pretested animals, reduction in immobility time produced by
      AOAA (25 mg/kg X 3 times) was similar to that observed following 50 mg/kg, 5 hr
      before testing. This reduction was not antagonized by GABA antagonists
      bicuculline (2 mg/kg) or picrotoxin (2 mg/kg), given intraperitoneally 30 and 20
      min before the test respectively. Intraperitoneal sodium valproate (200 or 400
      mg/kg; 24, 5 and 1 hr before the test) and isoniazide (200 mg/kg) or 4
      deoxypyridoxine (400 mg/kg), administered 1 or 1.5 hr before the test, were
      ineffective. AOAA (25 mg/kg X 3 times) gave a similar increase in GABA levels to
      50 mg/kg only once in the brainstem, nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus and a
      greater increase in the other brain areas. After 5 hr from single dosing, 25
      mg/kg AOAA increased GABA levels less than 50 mg/kg AOAA in the brainstem,
      nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex and striatum, and increased it to same extent
      in the other areas. Sodium valproate (400 mg/kg X 3 times) increased GABA levels
      in all brain areas, except hippocampus, although to a lesser extent than AOAA.

PMID- 3362922
TI  - Variability in the effects of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB) on operant
      behavior of squirrel monkeys.
AB  - Effects of the hallucinogenic drug (+/-)-4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine HCl
      (DOB, 0.003-0.3 mg/kg) were studied in squirrel monkeys. Only decreases in
      responding were seen in monkeys studied under 5-min fixed-interval schedules of
      food presentation. These decreases were blocked by pretreatment with the 5-HT2
      antagonist ketanserin (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) and by the non-selective 5-HT antagonists
      methysergide (0.3 mg/kg) or mianserin (0.1-1.0 mg/kg). Similar decreases in
      responding and antagonism by 5-HT antagonists were seen at slightly higher doses
      of DOM HCl (methyl rather than bromo at the 4 position). In contrast to effects
      under the food schedule, DOB initially produced marked increases in responding of
      three monkeys studied under schedules of shock avoidance. However, a complex
      pattern of changes in the effects of DOB emerged when the same doses were given
      on subsequent occasions. In one monkey, there were graded increases in responding
      to a peak of just over 200% of control at 0.17 mg/kg when DOB was given in a
      roughly ascending dose series. However, no increases in responding were observed
      at any dose when DOB was given on many subsequent occasions (some very widely
      spaced). A second monkey showed similar increases initially, but responding was
      suppressed by a formerly rate-increasing dose of DOB (0.1 mg/kg) on two
      subsequent test days. Later, this dose again produced increases in responding of
      about the same magnitude as seen initially, but these increases eventually
      diminished and were no longer observed. In the third monkey, increases in
      responding after the initial ascending dose series diminished in an irregular
      manner over the course of successive redeterminations.

PMID- 3362923
TI  - Phenylethylamine-induced taste aversion in rats and mice.
AB  - Phenylethylamine (PEA) has the same structure as amphetamine (AMP) except that
      PEA lacks a methyl group at the alpha carbon. Although these analogues produce
      many similar neurobehavioral actions, a previous study found that PEA did not
      support formation of conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Using somewhat different
      procedures, in the present study a transient taste aversion was seen in rats. Use
      of noradrenergic blocking agents to attempt to pharmacologically tailor PEA
      action to make it more like that of AMP did not improve efficacy to form CTA. A
      robust PEA-induced CTA was seen in mice even when PEA produced multiple seizures.

PMID- 3362924
TI  - The nature of the scheduled reinforcer and adjunctive drinking in nondeprived
      rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Adjunctive drinking was generated in three free-feeding rhesus monkeys by the
      contingent and intermittent delivery of flavored pellets. The amount of drinking
      generated was greater when pellet availability was restricted under fixed
      interval schedules compared to a massed-reinforcer control condition. The volume
      of water consumed depended upon the fixed-interval of pellet delivery (FI 180 sec
      to FI 1800 sec). Peak amounts of water consumed ranged from 532 ml to 650 ml
      during the 2 hr sessions and the schedule which generated the most drinking was
      either FI 420 or FI 600 sec, across monkeys. Variables which did not appear to
      influence the amount of drinking generated within the session were the amount of
      water consumed outside the session, the rates of responding maintained by pellet
      delivery and the pattern of responding for pellet delivery. However, when either
      cocaine or diazepam was the scheduled reinforcer, these same free-feeding monkeys
      did not engage in adjunctive drinking. The ability of cocaine and diazepam to
      generate adjunctive drinking was determined first by gradually decreasing the
      frequency of pellet delivery while keeping drug delivery constant using a second
      order schedule of pellet delivery [FR n(FI 300 sec: drug delivery) with n ranging
      from 1 to 6]. Second, a range of drug doses was tested under a FI 300 sec
      schedule (cocaine: 0.01-0.3 mg/kg/injection; diazepam: 0.01-0.56
      mg/kg/injection). These results suggest that there may be some restriction on the
      generation of adjunctive drinking depending upon the nature of the scheduled
      reinforcer.

PMID- 3362926
TI  - Behavioral effects of toxic doses of soman, an organophosphate cholinesterase
      inhibitor, in the rat: protection afforded by clonidine.
AB  - Atropine, a postsynaptic muscarinic antagonist, and clonidine, a presynaptic
      inhibitor of acetylcholine release, protect mice from the lethal effects of
      soman, a potent and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor. The purpose of this
      study was to determine the effects of atropine (6 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.2
      mg/kg) on soman-induced lethality and behavioral changes in the rat. Soman
      produced a dose-dependent increase in lethality over a narrow concentration range
      (50-200 micrograms/kg, SC). Soman produced time- and dose-dependent increases in
      tremor, salivation, hind limb extension, convulsions and chewing behaviors, as
      well as decreases in three normal stereotyped behaviors, sniffing, locomotion and
      rearing. Atropine and clonidine were equally effective at limiting soman-induced
      lethality and behavioral changes. The protective effects of clonidine and
      atropine were synergistic, even though clonidine antagonizes some of the
      stereotyped behaviors elicited by atropine. Simultaneous pretreatment with
      clonidine and atropine completely eliminated the lethality and behavioral changes
      produced by injection of 200 micrograms/kg soman.

PMID- 3362925
TI  - Possible role of inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the regulation of lordosis
      behavior in the rat.
AB  - Strychnine sulfate (3.9 or 27 micrograms in 0.5 microliter saline) was
      bilaterally infused into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) of
      ovariectomized sexually inexperienced rats primed 40 hr earlier with 4 micrograms
      of estradiol benzoate (EB). This dose of EB induced only weak lordosis behavior
      in 25% of the subjects (Ss). Strychnine at the 3 and 9 micrograms dosages, but
      not at 27 micrograms, induced intense lordosis behavior, but no proceptivity, in
      most estrogen-primed Ss (69% in 3 micrograms, 94% in 9 micrograms).
      Ovariectomized adrenalectomized EB-primed Ss also displayed significant lordosis
      behavior (59%) following infusion of 9 micrograms of strychnine into the VMH.
      Strychnine (9 micrograms) failed to stimulate lordosis in ovariectomized Ss that
      were not estrogen-primed. Administration of 5 micrograms EB followed 40 hr later
      by 2 mg of progesterone (P) elicited intense lordosis behavior in most Ss.
      Bilateral injections into the VMH of glycine (100 micrograms), beta-alanine (100
      micrograms) or taurine (50 micrograms) to rats that were already displaying
      estrous behavior (greater than 80 LQ) in response to the sequential
      administration of EB and P failed to depress lordosis when tested between 5 min
      and 60 min postinjection. Similarly, glycine (20 or 100 micrograms) injected into
      the VMH of estrogen-primed, ovariectomized rats within 15 minutes of a 2 mg SC
      injection of P failed to interfere with the subsequent response to this steroid
      when tested 2 and 4 hr after P. The results suggest that strychnine injected into
      the VMH facilitates lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed rats by removing a tonic
      inhibitor effect exerted by glycinergic neurons on VMH neurons.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3362927
TI  - DBA/2Ibg mice are incapable of cholinergically-based learning in the Morris water
      task.
AB  - In comparison to C57BL/6Ibg mice, DBA/2Ibg mice are slow to find a submerged
      platform in the Morris water task. Spatial learning in this task is known to be
      severely disrupted by treatments that reduce muscarinic cholinergic function. DBA
      mice were chronically treated with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in order to
      decrease muscarinic binding in the brain. Despite significant losses of binding
      sites in cortex, midbrain, hindbrain, hippocampus, and striatum, the mice failed
      to show an effect of DFP treatment on latency to reach the platform. Saline
      treated DBA mice showed only marginal preference for searching the appropriate
      region of the pool during a probe trial in which the platform was absent from the
      pool. The pattern of search behavior was not altered by DFP treatment. These data
      are in strong contrast to data obtained previously with C57BL/6Ibg mice, which
      show accurate search behavior that is completely disrupted by DFP treatment. DBA
      mice thus appear incapable of true, cholinergically-mediated spatial learning. It
      is hypothesized that these mice lack normal function of the septo-hippocampal
      system.

PMID- 3362928
TI  - Radiation-induced increases in sensitivity of cataleptic behavior to haloperidol:
      possible involvement of prostaglandins.
AB  - The effects of radiation exposure on haloperidol-induced catalepsy were examined
      in order to determine whether elevated prostaglandins, through an action on
      dopaminergic autoreceptors, could be involved in the radiation-induced increase
      in the potency of this neuroleptic. Cataleptic behavior was examined in animals
      irradiated with various doses of gamma photons (1-150 Gy) and pretreated with a
      subthreshold dose of haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg). This approach was chosen to
      maximize any synergistic effects of radiation and haloperidol. After irradiation
      with doses less than or equal to 30 Gy, the combined treatment of haloperidol and
      radiation produced catalepsy, whereas neither treatment alone had an effect. This
      observed catalepsy could be blocked with prior administration of indomethacin, a
      prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. Animals exposed to doses of radiation less
      than or equal to 50 Gy and no haloperidol, however, displayed apparent catalepsy.
      This effect was also antagonized by indomethacin. Prostaglandins can induce
      catalepsy and when administered in subthreshold doses along with subthreshold
      doses of haloperidol, catalepsy was observed. In order to assess a possible
      action of prostaglandins and radiation on dopaminergic activity, the functioning
      of striatal dopaminergic autoreceptors was examined by determining the effects of
      varying concentrations of haloperidol on the K+-evoked release of dopamine from
      striatal slices obtained from parallel groups of animals treated as above.
      Results indicated that sensitivity to haloperidol increased (higher K+-evoked
      dopamine release) in slices from irradiated or prostaglandin-treated animals and
      that this increase in sensitivity was blocked by indomethacin. Results from both
      experiments suggest that radiation-induced increases in endogenous neuronal
      mediators, such as prostaglandins, can induce catalepsy through an action on
      dopaminergic autoreceptors.

PMID- 3362929
TI  - Haloperidol and apomorphine effects on ethanol reinforcement in free feeding
      rats.
AB  - Free feeding male Long Evans rats were trained to lever press on a Fixed Ratio 8
      schedule for 10% ethanol reinforcement. Mean ethanol intake in 30-minute sessions
      was 0.38 g/kg. Subcutaneous apomorphine (APO: 0.025 to 0.5 mg/kg) and haloperidol
      (HAL: 0.005 to 0.0625 mg/kg) administered 15 minutes before sessions dose
      dependently reduced responding, but only APO reduced momentary response rates.
      Low doses of HAL reduced the effect of 0.3 but not 0.05 mg/kg APO. When the rats
      were food-restricted, control response rates decreased, and APO (0.025 and 0.05
      mg/kg) had no further effect. Results were discussed in terms of dopamine
      involvement in the mechanism of ethanol reinforcement.

PMID- 3362930
TI  - Tolerance to and cross tolerance between ethanol and nicotine.
AB  - Female DBA mice were subjected to one of four treatments: ethanol-containing or
      control diets, nicotine (0.2, 1.0, 5.0 mg/kg/hr) infusion or saline infusion.
      After removal from the liquid diets or cessation of infusion, the animals were
      challenged with an acute dose of ethanol or nicotine. Chronic ethanol-fed mice
      were tolerant to the effects of ethanol on body temperature and open field
      activity and were cross tolerant to the effects of nicotine on body temperature
      and heart rate. Nicotine infused animals were tolerant to the effects of nicotine
      on body temperature and rotarod performance and were cross tolerant to the
      effects of ethanol on body temperature. Ethanol-induced sleep time was decreased
      in chronic ethanol- but not chronic nicotine-treated mice. Chronic drug treatment
      did not alter the elimination rate of either drug. Chronic ethanol treatment did
      not alter the number or affinity of brain nicotinic receptors whereas chronic
      nicotine treatment elicited an increase in the number of [3H]-nicotine binding
      sites. Tolerance and cross tolerance between ethanol and nicotine is discussed in
      terms of potential effects on desensitization of brain nicotinic receptors.

PMID- 3362931
TI  - Effect of nicotine pretreatment on nicotine-induced seizures.
AB  - Inactivation of the nicotinic receptor via the process of desensitization has
      been well characterized for the nicotinic receptor in vitro, but potential
      behavioral manifestations of desensitization have received little study. To test
      whether behavioral desensitization occurs, C3H and DBA mice were pretreated with
      subseizure-producing doses of nicotine and nicotine-induced seizure sensitivity
      was determined at various time intervals after pretreatment. Fifteen minutes
      after nicotine pretreatment, DBA mice were significantly less sensitive to
      nicotine-induced seizures than were saline pretreated mice after both IP and IV
      administration. Seizure sensitivity returned to baseline levels at 60 minutes
      after pretreatment for the IP route of administration and at 30 minutes for the
      IV route of administration. Sensitivity to nicotine-induced seizures was altered
      for C3H mice under only one experimental condition; 7.5 minutes after IP
      injection with 2.0 mg/kg nicotine. Thus, DBA mice display a marked behavioral
      desensitization as a result of nicotine pretreatment whereas C3H mice do not.
      These results, in conjunction with our previous studies, indicate that nicotine
      induced seizure sensitivity may be influenced by a minimum of two factors: the
      concentration of nicotinic receptors in the brain and possibly the ability of
      these receptors to inactivate in the presence of nicotine.

PMID- 3362932
TI  - Tolerance to the effects of buprenorphine on schedule-controlled behavior and
      analgesia in rats.
AB  - Responding in rats was maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food
      presentation. When administered acutely buprenorphine (0.018-0.56 mg/kg) produced
      dose-related decreases in overall rate of responding. In addition to schedule
      controlled behavior, the analgesic effects of buprenorphine were evaluated during
      chronic administration using the tail-flick method. Tolerance developed to the
      effects of buprenorphine on both measures. In general dose-effect curves for the
      rate-decreasing effects of buprenorphine were shifted to the right by
      approximately 2 log units. In one subject, however, tolerance did not develop to
      the rate-decreasing effects of 10 mg/kg, suggesting that behavioral tolerance to
      buprenorphine is dose limited. Finally, the data also suggested that tolerance
      may develop more slowly, yet more completely, to the analgesic than to the rate
      decreasing effects of buprenorphine.

PMID- 3362933
TI  - Tripelennamine fails to enhance the morphine-like stimulus effects of
      pentazocine.
AB  - The effects of tripelennamine alone and in combination with morphine or
      pentazocine were examined in pigeons trained to discriminate between morphine
      (5.6 mg/kg, IM) and saline under a fixed ratio 30 schedule of food presentation.
      Tripelennamine (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) produced only saline-appropriate responding and
      dose-related decreases in response rates. When administered alone, both morphine
      (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) and pentazocine (1.0-30.0 mg/kg) produced dose-related increases
      in morphine-appropriate responding and dose-related decreases in response rates.
      When tripelennamine (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg) was administered in combination with
      morphine, the morphine dose-effect curve was not altered. Additionally, when
      tripelennamine (0.3, 1.0, 1.7 mg/kg) was administered in combination with
      pentazocine, tripelennamine did not alter the extent to which pentazocine
      produced morphine-appropriate responding. There was some suggestion that
      tripelennamine attenuated the effects of high doses of pentazocine; however, this
      effect did not occur in all pigeons. These results suggest that tripelennamine
      does not enhance the morphine-like discriminative stimulus properties of
      pentazocine in the pigeon, as it does in the rat.

PMID- 3362935
TI  - Tolerance to behavioral effects of caffeine in rats.
AB  - Tolerance develops to three behavioral effects of caffeine in rats treated daily
      with the drug: stimulation of locomotor activity, rate-decreasing effect on food
      reinforced operant responding, and discriminative stimulus effects. Tolerance
      induced by caffeine to stimulation of locomotor activity: (1) develops rapidly,
      being nearly maximal 24 hr after the start of daily treatment with 35-40 mg/kg in
      four divided oral doses; (2) is insurmountable (i.e., complete) so that rats are
      unresponsive, even to high doses of caffeine, and dose-response curves are
      displaced downward and flattened; (3) is pharmacologically specific, extending to
      other methylxanthines but not to nonxanthine psychomotor stimulants. Tolerance to
      the other two behavioral effects of caffeine: (1) appears to develop gradually;
      (2) is surmountable so that dose-response curves are displaced to the right; (3)
      extends to nonxanthine psychomotor stimulants, methylphenidate, in the case of
      discriminative effects. Thus, at least two distinct types of tolerance to
      behavioral effects of caffeine in the rat can be identified. The potency of an
      adenosine analog, R(-)-PIA, in depressing locomotor activity does not increase
      during or 24 hr after termination of chronic daily treatment with caffeine when
      rats are completely tolerant to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor
      activity. These results do not support the view that enhanced functional
      sensitivity of central adenosine systems (e.g., up-regulation of receptors) is
      the mechanism of tolerance to the stimulant effect of caffeine on locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 3362934
TI  - Different patterns of rotational behavior in rats after dorsal or ventral
      striatal lesions with ibotenic acid.
AB  - Rats with total, dorsal or ventral ibotenic acid striatal lesions were challenged
      with DA agonists apomorphine and d-amphetamine. In rats with total lesions, both
      drugs induced an intense ipsilateral rotation, as did apomorphine in the dorsally
      lesioned rats. Amphetamine induced ipsilateral rotation in ventrally lesioned
      rats, but this effect may represent a non-specific potentiation of spontaneous
      ipsilateral rotation observed in this group. These results indicate that the
      neostriatum of the rat is not an homogeneous structure concerning the expression
      of rotational behavior after DA receptor stimulation.

PMID- 3362936
TI  - Effects of adenosine analogs alone and in combination with caffeine in the
      squirrel monkey.
AB  - Effects of the adenosine analogs R-N6-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) and 5'-N
      ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), alone and in combination with caffeine, were
      studied in squirrel monkeys trained to respond under multiple fixed-interval
      fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Both drugs produced dose-related
      decreases in rates of responding, with little difference between effects in the
      two components. NECA was about ten times more potent than R-PIA in producing
      these effects, the order of potency suggests that these effects may be mediated
      by actions at A2-adenosine receptors. Effects of either drug were antagonized by
      caffeine. Caffeine when administered alone increased rates of responding. The
      increases in response rates produced by caffeine were altered by R-PIA only at
      doses of R-PIA that alone decreased response rates. Effects of caffeine were
      either enhanced or attenuated by doses of NECA that were inactive when
      administered alone. These results do not support the notion that increases in
      rates of behavior, e.g., psychomotor-stimulant effects, produced by caffeine are
      due to its antagonist actions at adenosine receptors.

PMID- 3362937
TI  - GABAergic mechanisms mediating rotational behavior in rats: differences between
      dorsal and ventral striatum.
AB  - Local injection of muscimol into the dorsal or ventral striatum of rats did not
      induce any rotational activity, but injection of picrotoxin into ventral striatal
      aspects induced an intense contralateral rotation. Amphetamine pretreatment
      resulted in an ipsilateral rotation after muscimol injection into dorsal striatum
      and in a complex rotational pattern after ventral injection, characterized by an
      initial short-lasting ipsilateral rotation followed by a long-lasting
      contralateral rotation. The contralateral rotation induced by picrotoxin was
      abolished by amphetamine pretreatment. These results indicate a functional
      heterogeneity between dorsal and ventral striatal mechanisms mediating rotational
      behavior, and a different pattern of dopamine-GABA interactions between dorsal
      and ventral striatum.

PMID- 3362938
TI  - Ankle joint urate arthritis in rats provides a useful tool for the evaluation of
      analgesic and anti-arthritic agents.
AB  - Arthritis was induced in ether anesthetised rats by injecting 1.25 mg of sodium
      urate crystals into the ankle joint. Twenty-four hr after the injection the ankle
      is swollen and the animal does not place full weight on the affected foot. The
      ankle is more sensitive than normal to movement and pressure. Responses to
      stimulation of the foot and toes on the arthritic limb are reduced due to a
      reluctance to move the affected limb. These measures, which reflect ongoing pain,
      hyperalgesia or tenderness and guarding, are attenuated in animals treated with
      dexamethasone, phenylbutazone, and morphine, as well as in animals whose nerves
      to the ankle had been pretreated with capsaicin. Guanethidine and colchicine
      failed to influence the behavioural responses to the urate injection. Ankle joint
      urate arthritis has advantages over other models of arthritis for therapeutic
      testing in that in a short time it affects a single joint in rats, and it
      produces responses which can be assessed by simple, sensitive measures.

PMID- 3362939
TI  - New animal model of social behavioral deficit: reversal by drugs.
AB  - A new model of social behavioral deficit and its reversal by drugs is described.
      Mice isolated for one week or more (isolated mice) behave differently from
      controls (grouped mice). When observed together under an inverted beaker, the
      isolated mice make significantly less escape attempts than the grouped mice. This
      behavioral deficit is a social one because it exists only when the isolated and
      grouped mice are tested together but not when they are tested singly. Several
      drugs impair this social behavioral deficit, particularly the 5-HT1B receptors
      agonists.

PMID- 3362940
TI  - Angiotensin II reduces voluntary alcohol intake in the rat.
AB  - The voluntary intake of alcohol has been shown to be attenuated by a variety of
      manipulations which increase activity in the renin-angiotensin system. In the
      present study we examined the effects of peripheral injections of the peptide
      angiotensin II on alcohol drinking. The peptide produced a dose-dependent
      decrease in alcohol intake with 20 micrograms/kg having little effect, 200
      micrograms/kg reducing intake by approximately 50% and 1 mg/kg virtually
      abolishing all alcohol drinking. This decrease was not due to a peptide induced
      motor deficit, or state of sickness, and could also not be accounted for by the
      increased water intake, or by a change in pharmacokinetics and taste function.
      These data provide direct evidence that angiotensin II can modulate voluntary
      alcohol drinking. The possibility that the level of angiotensin II serves as a
      satiety signal in alcohol drinking is discussed.

PMID- 3362941
TI  - The effects of apomorphine on the acquisition of schedule-induced polydipsia in
      rats.
AB  - Injections of the dopamine agent, apomorphine, at the doses of 0.05, 0.50 and 1.0
      mg/kg were given to three different groups of rats while a fourth group received
      an injection of the drug vehicle. The injections preceded each of 15 schedule
      induced polydipsia (SIP) acquisition sessions in which the subjects bar-pressed
      for food pellets on a fixed interval 60-sec schedule of reinforcement. The
      vehicle-injected group developed SIP over sessions while each dose of apomorphine
      suppressed the acquisition of SIP. Bar-press rates were also depressed at the
      higher doses, while response patterning was affected at the lower dose. The
      results support the contention that a normally functioning dopamine system is
      necessary for the acquisition of SIP, but they do not support the view that this
      neurotransmitter system is specifically involved in the generation of SIP.

PMID- 3362942
TI  - Effect of morphine and nalmefene on energy balance in diabetic and non-diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Male rats made diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin were used to
      evaluate the effect of the diabetic state on morphine- and nalmefene-induced
      changes in food intake and body weight. Morphine increased 4 hour food intake in
      non-diabetic rats after an initial injection, but increased intake in diabetic
      rats only after repeated injections. Unlike short term measurements, morphine
      decreased food intake when measured over 24 or more hours in both groups. Chronic
      injection of morphine decreased body weight only in non-diabetic rats. Feed
      efficiency data suggest that morphine had a more potent effect on energy balance
      in the non-diabetic rats. The opioid antagonist, nalmefene, did not alter body
      weight in either group and only altered food intake in the diabetic animals.
      These data are in concert with other reports indicating that the diabetic state
      renders animals less responsive to the effects of morphine on nociception and
      smooth muscle contraction.

PMID- 3362943
TI  - Classical genetic analysis of GABA-related seizures.
AB  - Differences in resistance to 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MP)-induced seizures exist
      between DBA/2Ibg and C57BL/6Ibg inbred strains of mice; C57BL/6Ibg mice are more
      resistant to MP-induced seizures. To determine the mode of inheritance for
      seizure resistance, a classical genetic analysis was conducted using these two
      parental strains, their F1, F2, and backcross generations. Latencies to seizure
      onset and tonus after intraperitoneal (IP) injections of MP (25-40 mg/kg) were
      quantified. For all populations mean latencies to onset and tonus decreased in a
      dose dependent manner with the hybrid generations exhibiting a seizure resistant
      phenotype resembling the C57BL/6Ibg strain. In general, female mice were less
      resistant to MP-induced seizures than males; however, a significant degree of
      resistance was retained by the C57BL/6Ibg females and their female progeny. A
      quantitative assessment of the pattern of inheritance for seizure resistance
      using a weighted least-squares regression approach indicated that an additive
      dominance model explained latency to seizure onset data at 25, 35 and 40 mg/kg.
      However, at 30 mg/kg, the model required the addition of an epistatic parameter
      to best describe mean scores at this dose. The results of these analyses suggest
      that resistance to MP-induced seizures is transmitted in a dominant manner.

PMID- 3362944
TI  - Blood ethanol levels, self-rated ethanol effects and cognitive-perceptual tasks.
AB  - Family history of alcoholism influences the acute effects of ethanol in young
      men. We expanded these findings by concomitantly measuring plasma ethanol levels
      (BALs), subjective intoxication effects, and task performance in young women.
      Healthy subjects with no familial alcoholism provided informed consent and
      received 0.75 ml/kg ethanol or isocaloric placebo (n = 10 per group) under
      randomized double-blind conditions. Assessments were made at 90, 60 and 30 min
      before, and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after beverage
      administration. BALs reached 80 mg/dl 45-60 min following ethanol. Dizziness and
      clumsiness ratings correlated strongly with BAL, but clumsiness and confusion
      were the strongest effects associated with placebo. Impaired visual selectivity
      and hand-eye coordination covaried with BAL (p less than 0.05) on written tests.
      Deficits in abstract instruction and symbol comprehension almost attained
      statistical significance (p less than 0.06). Compared with previous findings for
      males, data from the present report suggest that ethanol may have gender-related
      effects.

PMID- 3362945
TI  - Amphetamine accelerates and attenuates ultradian activity rhythms in preweanling
      rats.
AB  - Developing rats, studied in environmental isolation, display prominent
      fluctuations in locomotor activity with a periodicity of about 1-3 hr. This
      ultradian rhythmic pattern is most marked at 2 weeks of age, and appears to be
      endogenously mediated. (+)Amphetamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to 2 week old
      rat pups, and their locomotor activity levels were recorded continuously and
      stored in 5 min intervals using a sensitive computer-interfaced vibrational
      activity monitor. Activity was recorded for 12 hr after treatment and resulting
      time-series data were analyzed by harmonic spectral techniques. During the first
      6 hr of testing, amphetamine induced a prominent low frequency perturbation in
      baseline activity levels corresponding to the expected period of acute drug
      action. During this time, normally prominent ultradian activity rhythms in the
      range of 8-12 cycles per day (cpd) were diminished in amplitude, even following
      low frequency smoothing to remove the changes in baseline. Correspondingly, there
      was also an increase in ultradian rhythm amplitude in amphetamine-treated pups at
      higher frequencies (32-40 cpd). During the final 6 hr of testing there was a
      marked suppression of typical ultradian rhythms in amphetamine-treated pups but
      not in controls. These results suggest that amphetamine treatment both
      accelerates and attenuates ultradian activity rhythms in developing rats during
      the acute period of drug action, and produces a prominent diminution in these
      rhythms during subsequent rebound and recovery periods.

PMID- 3362946
TI  - 3-Mercaptopropionic acid administration into the caudate-putamen of the rat
      provokes dyskinesia.
AB  - The unilateral administration of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) through an
      implanted guide cannula into the caudate-putamen produced dyskinesia in the rat.
      Striatal GABA and dopamine were decreased and the dopamine metabolites 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic and homovanillic acid were increased on the MPA-injected
      side at 2-10 min after the onset of dyskinesia. The dyskinetic movements were
      blocked by GABA or alpha-aminooxaloacetic acid but not by glycine or haloperidol.

PMID- 3362947
TI  - Haloperidol, but not apomorphine, differentially affects low response rates of
      male and female Wistar rats.
AB  - Amphetamine-induced behavioral differences between male and female rats have been
      observed in tests for stereotyped behavior, locomotor activity and rotational
      behavior. It has also been shown that amphetamine differentially affects schedule
      controlled behavior of male and female rats. The present experiments were
      designed to further investigate sex differences in sensitivity to agents which
      act upon the dopaminergic system. In the first experiment, male and female rats
      responding on a schedule which maintained low response rates were challenged with
      different low (less than 0.5 mg/kg) doses of apomorphine. Low doses of
      apomorphine act on the dopamine receptors on the dopaminergic terminals
      themselves to inhibit the release of endogenous dopamine. In the second
      experiment, the same subjects were given different doses of haloperidol, which
      selectively blocks the post-synaptic dopamine receptors. The results of the
      present experiments showed that haloperidol, but not apomorphine, differentially
      affected the behavior of male and female subjects. A behavioral difference
      between the sexes was thus observed when post-synaptic dopamine receptors were
      blocked by a dopamine antagonist, but not when dopaminergic stimulation of post
      synaptic dopamine receptors was reduced by pre-synaptic inhibition of dopamine
      release. These results suggest a role for post-synaptic receptor mechanisms in
      mediating sex differences in sensitivity to dopaminergic agents, although other
      possible mechanisms remain to be investigated.

PMID- 3362948
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine and N6-L-phenylisopropyladenosine in
      rabbits. Relationship to adenosine receptors in central nervous system.
AB  - The present work deals with an EEG and behavioral study on the effects of
      carbamazepine (CBZ) and N6-L-phenylisopropyladenosine (L-PIA) against the
      convulsions due to caffeine and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rabbits. Pretreatment
      with L-PIA (1, 3 and 4 mg/kg) caused a dose-related inhibition of the motor
      convulsions and the EEG "grand mal" ictal seizure induced by caffeine (75 mg/kg
      IV). On the contrary, L-PIA given at the high dose of 5 mg/kg IV partially
      inhibited the EEG and motor seizures elicited by PTZ (20 mg/kg IV). CBZ
      completely antagonized the EEG and motor convulsions induced by caffeine, while
      exerted only a protective action towards the EEG and motor convulsions due to
      PTZ. The administration of an ineffective dose of CBZ (5 mg/kg IV) was able to
      enhance the protective action of L-PIA towards caffeine-induced convulsions. This
      synergistic action between CBZ and L-PIA is also present towards the spike-and
      wave complexes elicited by PTZ (10 mg/kg). These results confirm that the
      purinergic system plays an important role in the regulation of the CNS
      excitability. They suggest therefore, that the anticonvulsant properties of CBZ
      may be at least partially explained by an influence of this drug on the
      purinergic system.

PMID- 3362949
TI  - A cumulative dosing procedure for administering marijuana smoke to humans.
AB  - Subjective, behavioral and physiological effects of smoked marijuana were
      measured with a cumulative dosing procedure which allowed dose-related effects to
      be determined within a single experimental session. Five male and three female
      occasional marijuana smokers participated. Unit doses of marijuana smoke were
      administered in a standardized manner on four occasions during each session, each
      occasion spaced 20 minutes apart. This procedure resulted in a cumulative dose of
      active (1.4%-THC) marijuana of 0, 2, 4 and 8 puffs after the four successive
      smoking occasions, respectively. Dependent variables were measured after each
      smoking occasion. Smoke absorption was monitored by measuring expired air carbon
      monoxide levels. Subjects participated in three identical sessions spaced a week
      apart in order to assess the reliability of the procedure. During a fourth
      session, only placebo (0.0%-THC) marijuana was administered throughout the
      session as a control. Significant linear dose-effect functions were obtained on
      several measures, with good session-to-session replicability of most effects. The
      results demonstrate the feasibility of using a cumulative dosing procedure to
      evaluate dose-related effects of smoked marijuana in humans. The procedure would
      be especially useful for the assessment of shifts in dose-effect curves as a
      result of various experimental manipulations.

PMID- 3362950
TI  - Dietary pyridoxine interaction with tryptophan or histidine on brain serotonin
      and histamine metabolism.
AB  - We studied the metabolic effects of high dietary intakes of pyridoxine and of the
      substrate-cofactor interaction between dietary histidine or tryptophan and
      pyridoxine in rat brain. In the substrate-cofactor interaction study, histamine
      and serotonin levels were determined in rats fed elevated or requirement levels
      of substrate (histidine: 0.3% and 0.8%, tryptophan: 0.15% and 0.6%) and excess or
      requirement levels of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg vs. 3,000 mg/kg). Excess pyridoxine
      intake caused a differential effect on brain histamine concentration--inhibitory
      with the requirement level of histidine (-29%), and stimulatory (+21%) with the
      elevated level of histidine. When dietary tryptophan was fed at the requirement
      level, excess pyridoxine caused essentially no changes in hypothalamic serotonin
      and 5HIAA (-2%, -2%). With elevated tryptophan intake, excess pyridoxine
      significantly increased serotonin and 5HIAA (+32%, +20%) in the hypothalamus.
      These results indicate a clear interaction between substrate and coenzyme
      precursor which influences brain metabolism of histamine and serotonin.

PMID- 3362951
TI  - Fenfluramine-induced behavior changes in rats prefed serotonin-altering amounts
      of tryptophan and pyridoxine.
AB  - It has been well established that elevated dietary tryptophan (TRP) levels can
      increase brain serotonin concentrations, thereby influencing serotonergic
      transmission. We previously examined interaction between dietary substrate (TRP:
      0.15 and 0.6%) and the cofactor precursor (pyridoxine HCl: 3 and 3,000 mg/kg) on
      brain serotonin metabolism, observing significant increases in serotonin
      concentrations from such dietary interaction. The present experiments were
      designed to explore possible behavioral consequences of the substrate-cofactor
      interaction. After the IP injection of fenfluramine (FA: at 5, 10, 15, and 20
      mg/kg), serotonin-mediated behavior traits and the appearance of flushing were
      observed in rats fed experimental diets as stated above. With a 5 mg/kg dose of
      FA, a differential dietary effect was most visible. However, at higher FA levels
      (15 and 20 mg/kg), such dietary effects were no longer discernible. The
      appearance of flushing was also dependent on dietary TRP intake and the dosage of
      FA. These results indicate a clear substrate-cofactor interaction on certain
      serotonin-mediated behavior traits in the rat.

PMID- 3362952
TI  - Persisting behavioral and neurochemical deficits in rats following lesions of the
      basal forebrain.
AB  - The effects of excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis on
      cortical cholinergic activity and passive avoidance performance were examined in
      rats at 6, 14, 84 and 180 days after lesioning. Lesioned rats showed significant
      impairment of passive avoidance retention at every time point tested, with no
      evidence of behavioral recovery compared to unoperated and sham-lesioned (i.e.,
      vehicle-injected) control rats. Cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity
      was reduced relative to controls at all time points examined, with the greatest
      reduction (i.e., 28%) occurring at approximately 14 days after lesioning. The
      levels of CAT activity at 180 postlesioning remained reduced compared to control
      animal levels, but less so than at 14 days after lesioning, indicating partial
      recovery. No changes in cholinergic muscarinic binding were observed at any time
      following lesioning. The results indicate that the behavioral and neurochemical
      effects of NbM lesions persist for at least 6 months following lesioning, but
      that partial, gradual recovery of cholinergic activity occurs.

PMID- 3362953
TI  - Nicotine and arecoline as discriminative stimuli: involvement of a non
      cholinergic mechanism for nicotine.
AB  - The cholinergic innervation of central muscarinic (M-Ch) and nicotinic (N-Ch)
      receptors was evaluated by studying the interaction of physostigmine with the
      discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of arecoline and nicotine. Rats were trained
      to discriminate either arecoline (1.74 mg/kg) or nicotine (1.14 mg/kg) from
      saline using a two-lever, milk reinforced, operant task. Physostigmine (0.125
      mg/kg) pretreatment potentiated, and when administered alone (0.25 mg/kg),
      generalized with the DS induced by arecoline. In contrast, physostigmine, at the
      same dose, neither potentiated nor generalized with the DS effects of nicotine.
      These findings provide evidence that central muscarinic receptors are
      cholinergically innervated (physiologic) while central nicotinic receptors are
      not cholinergically innervated but are cholinoceptive (pharmacological).

PMID- 3362954
TI  - Circadian fluctuations in pain responsiveness and brain Met-enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity in the rat.
AB  - The 24-hour patterns of pain responsiveness and brain Met-enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity (MLI) were determined in male Wistar rats housed under a 12-hour
      light and dark cycle (lights on from 0700 hr to 1900 hr). A circadian rhythm was
      observed in latencies to hot plate test (55 degrees C), showing the peak level
      near the onset of the dark phase (2000 hr). Pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg,
      subcutaneously) decreased the highest latency (2000 hr), but did not change the
      lowest latency (1100 hr). In the mesolimbic area and the striatum, MLI had a
      negative correlation with the circadian fluctuation in pain sensitivity. MLI at
      2000 hr was reduced significantly compared to that at 1100 hr in the basal
      ganglia, the frontal cortex and the substantia nigra. These results suggest that
      the circadian variation in hot plate latencies follows a circadian change in the
      activity of the endogenous opioid peptides system, and that Met-enkephalin may
      participate in the enhancement of the opioid system in the brain.

PMID- 3362955
TI  - Voluntary consumption of ethanol in WSP, WSC and WSR selectively bred mouse
      lines.
AB  - The genetic correlation between voluntary consumption of ethanol solutions and
      severity of withdrawal seizures after chronic ethanol exposure was assessed using
      the selectively bred Withdrawal Seizure Prone (WSP) and Resistant (WSR) mouse
      lines. WSP mice have at least ten-fold more severe withdrawal than WSR mice after
      equal chronic ethanol exposure, and withdrawal in a nonselected control line
      (WSC) is intermediate to withdrawal in the WSP and WSR lines. In the first
      experiment, mice from the WSP, WSC and WSR lines were offered a choice between
      2.2, 4.6 and 10.0% ethanol solutions and water in three consecutive eight-day
      sessions. WSR mice consumed more ethanol than WSP mice, and WSC mice were
      intermediate. In a second experiment, WSP and WSR mice were offered ethanol
      solutions in concentrations that were adjusted up or down every two days
      depending upon the amount of ethanol consumed. WSP and WSR mice displayed very
      different patterns of drinking, with WSP mice drinking more ethanol in early
      stages of the experiment, and WSR mice drinking more ethanol later. Results of
      these experiments suggest that some genes influencing severity of withdrawal from
      ethanol also influence voluntary ethanol drinking.

PMID- 3362956
TI  - Naloxone, given before but not after stress exposure, enhances stress-induced
      increases in regional brain noradrenaline release.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were injected with either saline or naloxone at a dose of 5
      mg/kg either 10 min before exposure to a 1-hour period of immobilization stress
      or after exposure to the same stress for 2 hours which was then followed by a
      further 1-hour stress exposure (a total of 3 hours of immobilization stress).
      Levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in six discrete brain regions were
      determined fluorometrically. Both one hour and three hours of immobilization
      stress significantly increased MHPG-SO4 levels in all brain regions examined.
      This effect was accompanied by significant reductions of NA levels excluding the
      cerebral cortex after 1 hour of stress. Naloxone, injected prior to stress
      exposure, significantly enhanced MHPG-SO4 increases in the hypothalamus, amygdala
      and thalamus, but did not do so when injected 2 hours after stress exposure.
      Naloxone administration at either time did not affect stress-induced increases in
      MHPG-SO4 levels in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex or pons plus medulla
      oblongata. These results suggest that naloxone enhances stress-induced increases
      in NA release in the hypothalamus, amygdala and thalamus only during the early
      period of immobilization stress. Furthermore, these findings suggest that
      endogenous opioid peptides might be preferentially released during the initial
      exposure to stress.

PMID- 3362957
TI  - A small dose of morphine increases intake of and preference for isotonic saline
      among rats.
AB  - Water-deprived rats were given hourly opportunities to ingest physiological
      saline and water for a number of days until they were taking substantial amounts
      of both solutions. Prior to some opportunities to ingest, they were injected with
      either morphine (2.0 mg/kg) or a placebo. Across a variety of procedures,
      morphine increased intake of and, in 1-hr tests, increased preference for 0.9%
      NaCl. Intake of 1.5% NaCl also increased after administration of morphine. These
      data suggest that endogenous opioids are involved in sodium intake. These data
      also provide further support for the idea that one or more of the endogenous
      opioid systems are involved in the regulation of ingestion.

PMID- 3362958
TI  - Specificity of piracetam's anti-amnesic activity in three models of amnesia in
      the mouse.
AB  - The effects of piracetam on the amnesias induced by scopolamine, diazepam and
      electroconvulsive shock (ECS) were studied in a passive avoidance procedure in
      the mouse and compared with the interactions of piracetam with the major
      behavioral effects of these treatments, namely scopolamine-induced hyperactivity,
      diazepam-induced release of punished behavior (Four Plates Test) and ECS-induced
      convulsions. Amnesia was induced by injecting scopolamine or diazepam (1 mg/kg,
      IP) 30 minutes before or applying ECS immediately after the first session (S1) of
      the passive avoidance task. Piracetam was studied at 3 doses (512, 1024 and 2048
      mg/kg) administered PO 60 minutes before S1. Retention was measured 24 hours
      later (S2) in the absence of any treatment. Piracetam dose-dependently attenuated
      the memory deficits induced by the three amnesic treatments but did not affect
      either scopolamine-induced hyperactivity, diazepam-induced release of punished
      behavior or ECS-induced convulsions. These results point to the specificity of
      piracetam's anti-amnesic activity and, in particular, suggest that piracetam can
      suppress the memory disturbances induced by diazepam without affecting diazepam's
      anxiolytic activity. The test battery employed would therefore seem highly
      suitable for evaluating the potential nootropic activity of novel compounds.

PMID- 3362959
TI  - Effects of methsuximide on schedule-controlled responding in the pigeon.
AB  - Acute and chronic effects of methsuximide (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg), a
      succinimide with anticonvulsant properties, were examined in pigeons responding
      under a multiple fixed-ratio 50 fixed-interval 90-sec schedule of food delivery.
      The clearest acute effect of methsuximide was a substantial reduction in response
      rates under both components of the multiple schedule when the drug was
      administered at 100 mg/kg. Detailed analysis of the temporal distribution of
      responding under the fixed-interval failed to reveal rate-dependent drug effects.
      Tolerance appeared to develop to the effects of methsuximide when the drug was
      administered chronically.

PMID- 3362960
TI  - Proceedings of the ECNP constituent meeting. European College of
      Neuropsychopharmacology. Brussels, May 1987.

PMID- 3362961
TI  - A proposed new approach to the clinical subclassification of depressive illness.
AB  - This paper focuses on the classification of mood disorders. Data are reported
      from 227 outpatients who met DSM-III-R criteria for Major Depressive Episode.
      Each patient was evaluated by the Semistructured Interview for Depression (SID),
      which was developed and organized according to a decision tree model. The SID was
      used both to identify the sample with major depressive disorders and, then, to
      subclassify them into five subtypes. Three bipolar types (I, II, III) and two
      unipolar types (recurrent and single episode) were distinguished, and comparisons
      among the subtypes are presented. Therapeutic implications of the classification
      are discussed in relation to recent advances in targeting short and long-term
      treatments for specific subtypes.

PMID- 3362962
TI  - Manipulation of the circadian clock with benzodiazepines: implications for
      altering the sleep-wake cycle.
AB  - Abnormal circadian rhythms have been linked to at least some forms of depression
      and to disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, mental and physical
      disorders associated with rapid travel across time zones (i.e. the jet-lag
      syndrome) and with rotating shift-work schedules, are thought to involve a
      disruption of normal circadian rhythmicity. It might be possible to alleviate
      some of the adverse effects associated with abnormal circadian rhythms if
      pharmacological agents could be used to manipulate the central circadian
      pacemaker(s) that regulates these rhythms. Recent findings indicate that
      treatment with a short-acting benzodiazepine, triazolam, can induce major shifts
      in the circadian clock of golden hamsters. In the absence of a synchronizing
      light-dark cycle (i.e. during exposure to constant light or constant dark), a
      single injection of triazolam can induce a permanent phase shift in the circadian
      rhythm in locomotor activity. In addition, following a shift in the light-dark
      cycle, a single injection of triazolam can facilitate the time it takes for the
      activity rhythm to be resynchronized to the new lighting schedule. Triazolam, or
      drugs with similar phase-shifting effects on the mammalian circadian system,
      might be useful in the treatment of various sleep and mental disorders that have
      been associated with a disorder in circadian time-keeping in humans.

PMID- 3362963
TI  - Imipramine binding in platelets of patients with panic disorder.
AB  - Tritiated imipramine (3H-IMI) binding was investigated in platelets obtained from
      nine patients suffering from panic disorder (PD), and from nine healthy controls
      (HC). IMI binding was studied according to a protocol provided by the WHO.
      Binding parameters, the maximum binding capacity (Bmax) and the dissociation
      constant (Kd), were measured after construction of the Scatchard plot. When the
      samples of the two groups were compared, significant differences between the Bmax
      of HC and PD were found. No significant difference was observed for the Kd. The
      investigation shows that panic disorder may influence 3H-IMI binding in
      platelets, suggesting an involvement of the serotoninergic system in this
      disorder.

PMID- 3362964
TI  - Non-invasive measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure: I. A haemodynamic
      modelling approach.
AB  - In order to monitor pulmonary arterial pressure (P) by any non-invasive imaging
      technique, a haemodynamic model of blood flow kinetics and wall mechanics has
      been developed. It is a one-dimensional model of pulsatile flow in an elastic
      pulmonary arterial trunk, assuming that blood is an incompressible fluid and
      viscous effects are negligible. The equations are P(t)-Pd = rho c2lnS(t)/Sd-1/2pw
      2(t) Pd = (Sd/Ss)1/2Pp where, at any time of the ejection phase of systole, P(t),
      S(t) and w(t) are the pulmonary arterial pressure, cross-sectional area of the
      pulmonary artery and blood velocity averaged on the cross section S,
      respectively, PP is the pulse pressure, the difference between the peak systolic
      pressure and the diastolic pressure Pd; rho is blood density, c pulse wave
      velocity, and Ss and Sd are maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) values of
      the cross-sectional area S. Using these equations, P(t) can be calculated if the
      three parameters, i.e. c, S(t) and w(t) are measured. So far, it has been
      impossible to measure the pulse wave velocity c non-invasively. We have
      investigated the calculation of c from S(t) and w(t) using the equation of
      continuity in the absence and presence of reflected pressure waves. The
      hypotheses of the haemodynamic model are discussed.

PMID- 3362965
TI  - Non-invasive measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure: II. A radionuclide
      method.
AB  - Pulmonary artery pulse pressure (PP) and diastolic pressure (Pd) may be obtained
      by applying a haemodynamic model of blood flow kinetics and wall mechanics to the
      pulmonary artery: Pp = rho(ws/(Ss/Sd-1))2log(Ss/Sd)-1/2 rho w2s Pd = (Sd/Ss)1/2Pp
      where rho is blood density, ws is peak ejection velocity, and Ss and Sd are peak
      maximal and end diastolic cross-sectional areas of the main pulmonary artery. The
      different parameters of the equations were measured from radionuclide first pass
      and equilibrium studies. Radionuclide first pass studies were performed in 24
      patients with intravenous injection of 20 mCi of 99Tcm red blood cells with a
      gamma camera in a 20 degrees right anterior oblique position: data were collected
      in list mode, i.e. a continuous sequence of spatial and temporal coordinates of
      each photon. Pulmonary arterial pressure was recorded simultaneously with a
      microtip catheter during the first pass study. Gated first pass images of the
      right side of the heart were reconstructed, regions of interest drawn over the
      right ventricle and the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and time-activity curves
      generated. Peak systolic (Cs) and end diastolic (Cd) counts obtained from the MPA
      curve were proportional to the cross sections Ss and Sd of the MPA and Ss/Sd =
      Cs/Cd. The diameter (D) of the pulmonary artery was calculated as the distance
      between the two zeros of the second derivative of a cross-sectional profile. The
      averaged cross-sectional area was S = pi D2/4. ECG gated blood pool studies were
      performed in a LAO 40 degrees position when the tracer was at equilibrium; they
      were processed automatically and the right ventricular end diastolic counts (EDC)
      converted into volume (EDV) using an aortic volume/count ratio. Right ventricular
      peak ejection rate (PER) was obtained from the RV time-activity curve and the
      instantaneous peak ejection velocity was calculated, ws = PER X EDV/S X EDC. PP
      and Pd were calculated in mmHg and the radionuclide method yielded pressure
      values that correlated reasonably with catheterisation values: PP(rad) = 0.99
      PP(cath)-0.55, r = 0.84 and Pd(rad) = 0.67 Pd(cath) + 4.91, r = 0.74. We conclude
      that radionuclide techniques can provide a non-invasive method based on a
      haemodynamic model for measuring pulmonary arterial pressure.

PMID- 3362966
TI  - A finite element model of heat transport in the human eye.
AB  - A mathematical model of the human eye based on the bioheat transfer equation is
      developed. The intraocular temperature distribution is calculated using the
      Galerkin finite element method. A difficulty associated with the development of
      an accurate model of the human eye is the lack of reliable biological data
      available on the constants and parameters that are used in the model. These
      parameters include the thermal conductivities of the ocular tissues, the heat
      loss from the anterior corneal surface to the surroundings by convection and
      evaporation, and the convective heat loss from the sclera to the body core. The
      different values for the parameters reported in the ophthalmic literature are
      employed in the model, and the sensitivity of the temperature distribution to
      uncertainties in the parameters is investigated. A set of control parameter
      values is suggested for the normal human eye. The effect of the ambient
      temperature and the body-core temperature on the temperature distribution in the
      human eye is considered.

PMID- 3362967
TI  - The computation of temperature rises in the human eye induced by infrared
      radiation.
AB  - Long-term industrial exposure to low levels of infrared radiation has for many
      years been associated with the development of cataracts; the injury mechanism is
      widely held to be thermal. A finite element model of the human eye is employed to
      calculate the temperature rises experienced by the intraocular media when exposed
      to infrared radiation. The model is used to calculate transient and steady-state
      temperature distributions for various exposure times and a range of incident
      irradiances. The effect of the eye's natural cooling mechanisms on the heating is
      investigated. Specific absorption rates in the infrared irradiated eye are
      presented. For a radiation source of 1500 degrees C, absorption of radiant energy
      by the iris and the lens combined with conduction of heat from the anterior
      regions is found to be responsible for increases in the lens temperature of 1-2
      degrees C, but under extreme exposure conditions the temperature rises are found
      to be substantially higher.

PMID- 3362968
TI  - Limitations in the determination of total filtration of x-ray tube assemblies.
AB  - A brief introduction is given to various inferential methods for the
      determination of total filtration of x-ray tube assemblies. The HVL method, which
      is most commonly used, was investigated in detail. The influence of a number of
      parameters on the relationship between filtration and HVL was systematically
      studied. The results clearly show that the HVL method only provides a rough
      estimate for filtration with errors of typically +/- 30%. As a consequence,
      quality assurance checks on the acceptance and status test level must consider
      the limited accuracy of this method. Changing requirements from minimum
      filtration to minimum HVL permitted at particular kVp does not considerably
      improve the situation.

PMID- 3362969
TI  - Automated counting of cell clones: experimental procedure and theoretical
      correction.

PMID- 3362971
TI  - Influence of skin depth on NMR coil impedance.
AB  - A derivation of the change in electrical impedance of an NMR surface coil
      produced by inductive coupling with a conducting medium is presented. The effect
      of skin depth is treated explicitly. Theoretical predictions of coil sample
      resistance and frequency offset are compared with those observed experimentally
      in a variety of circular surface coils and sample conductivities.

PMID- 3362970
TI  - Neutron scattering cross sections and partial kerma values for oxygen, nitrogen
      and calcium at 18 less than En less than 60 MeV.
AB  - Recent measurements of differential elastic and inelastic neutron scattering from
      oxygen, nitrogen and calcium at 18 less than En less than 26 MeV are presented
      and analysed in terms of the optical model. These data, together with earlier
      measurements of scattering and total cross sections, are used to construct model
      potentials that may be used to calculate various quantities of interest in
      neutron dosimetry in an energy region (20-60 MeV) where very few cross section
      data are available. The heavy-ion-recoil contribution to kerma is obtained
      directly from the data at each energy. The value of proton inelastic scattering
      data for validating potential models at high energy is discussed.

PMID- 3362972
TI  - Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility effect in high-field NMR imaging.
AB  - The magnetic susceptibility effect often obtained in clinical NMR imaging is
      analysed and a measurement method of the magnetic susceptibility effect is
      proposed. The method of extraction of the susceptibility effect alone in high
      field NMR imaging where usually the chemical shift and main magnetic field
      inhomogeneity effects are intermingled with the susceptibility effect is
      discussed. The proposed susceptibility measurement uses the susceptibility
      weighted echo-time encoding technique (SWEET) to modulate the NMR signal as a
      function of echo time with which the image intensity can be weighted. Both
      phantom-oriented physical experiments and human volunteer experiments were
      performed to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for human imaging.

PMID- 3362973
TI  - Induced activity in a high-energy linear accelerator.

PMID- 3362974
TI  - Electro-optic immunoassay.

PMID- 3362975
TI  - Influence of effective points of measurements by a Farmer cylindrical chamber on
      the electron beam dose calibrations at dmax.

PMID- 3362976
TI  - Determining predictor variables for running-related pain.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific predictor variables
      exist for particular running-related injuries. Data on 134 patients with running
      related injuries were evaluated to establish the factors that were associated
      with specific pain sites. Patient data consisted of a brief running history and
      measurements of 72 anatomical variables that have been cited in the literature as
      predisposers to running-related injuries. The descriptive statistics indicated
      certain associations of variables with each pain group. A factor analysis was
      used to eliminate multicollinearity and to reduce the 72 variables to 9 factors.
      The results of a discriminant function analysis using factor scores indicated
      that patients' membership in one of six pain groups could be predicted correctly
      in 29.1% of the cases. We concluded that the factors used in this study were not
      good predictors of pain groups. Physical therapists, however, should publish
      their data on runners' injuries, treatment, and rehabilitation to supplement the
      published data that relate anatomical and biomechanical factors to running
      related injuries.

PMID- 3362977
TI  - Pelvic-floor musculature exercises in treatment of anatomical urinary stress
      incontinence.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pelvic-floor
      musculature exercises in the treatment of women with anatomical urinary stress
      incontinence. Fourteen female subjects, ranging in age from 33 to 67 years,
      participated in a four-week pelvic-floor musculature exercise program. Subjects
      underwent a pretraining urodynamic evaluation and were reexamined after four
      weeks of exercise training. Paired t tests of subjects' pretraining and
      posttraining values of bladder capacity, functional urethral length, and static
      urethral pressure profile showed no significant differences. Multivariate
      regression analysis demonstrated that the covariates of weight, motivation, and
      age did not significantly influence subjects' bladder capacity, functional
      urethral length, or static urethral pressure profile. Nine of the 14 subjects had
      a negative result on the posttraining urinary stress test (R = 0, p less than
      .01). The urinary stress test result was the only variable to change
      significantly from pretraining to posttraining measurements. All subjects
      reported posttraining improvement in control of urinary incontinence. A short
      term exercise program for pelvic-floor musculature produced positive changes in
      subjects with anatomical urinary stress incontinence.

PMID- 3362978
TI  - Reliability of measurements of concentric and eccentric isokinetic loading.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a method for testing
      peak torque and work output of the knee extensor muscle during concentric and
      eccentric loading at three velocities of exercise (60 degrees, 120 degrees, and
      180 degrees/sec). Fourteen healthy men (23-32 years of age) performed exercises
      of the quadriceps femoris muscles during concentric and eccentric loading, with a
      five-second pause between each contraction. Three different tests were performed
      on different occasions. The first exercise session was a practice session, and
      the next two sessions were established to collect data in a test-retest format.
      Peak torque and work were measured for the two testing sessions. The results of
      this study demonstrated that with a very specific protocol, the reliability of
      concentric peak torque and work measurements was excellent at 60 degrees and 120
      degrees/sec and good at 180 degrees/sec. In contrast, reliability of eccentric
      peak torque and work measurements was good at 120 degrees and 180 degrees/sec but
      low at 60 degrees/sec.

PMID- 3362979
TI  - Effect of hand splints on stereotypic hand behavior of three girls with Rett
      syndrome.
AB  - The purpose of this multiple baseline study was to examine the effect of
      bilateral hand splints on the persistent stereotypic hand movements of three
      adolescent girls with Rett syndrome. Among the most characteristic features of
      Rett syndrome are stereotypic hand-writing and hand-biting behavior and loss of
      previously acquired functional hand skills. The hand splints used in this study
      consisted of cuffs encircling the palm that positioned the subjects' thumbs in
      abduction. Duration percentages of subjects' stereotypic hand behavior and
      functional hand use were calculated from five-minute videotaped segments recorded
      during a finger-feeding condition and a free-time condition. All three subjects
      demonstrated a decrease in the amount of time spent in stereotypic hand behavior
      after application of hand splints, and one subject showed an increase in finger
      feeding skills while wearing hand splints. Limitations of the study are
      discussed, and suggestions for clinical application and future research are
      offered.

PMID- 3362980
TI  - Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting. Subtalar and ankle joint
      measurements.
AB  - Measurements of the subtalar joint neutral (STJN) position and passive range of
      motion (PROM) of the ankle joint and the subtalar joint (STJ) are often part of a
      physical therapy evaluation. These measurements may be used in treatment
      planning, such as in the prescription of specialized shoes or orthoses.
      Therefore, reliability of these measurements, as they are obtained clinically,
      must be determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of
      measurements of the STJN position and of ankle and STJ PROM. To determine
      reliability, repeated measurements of the STJN position and of STJ PROM were
      taken on the involved feet of 43 patients with neurologic orthopedic disorders
      (including both feet of 7 patients), and measurements of ankle PROM (dorsiflexion
      and plantar flexion) were taken on 42 of these patients (including both feet of 7
      patients). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intratester reliability
      ranged from .74 to .90 for ankle and STJ measurements. The ICCs for intertester
      reliability were .25 for measuring the STJN position, .32 for STJ inversion, and
      .17 for SJJ eversion. The ICCs for intertester reliability were .50 for ankle
      dorsiflexion and .72 for ankle plantar flexion. Goniometric measurements of the
      STJN position and of PROM of the ankle and STJ appear to be moderately reliable
      if taken by the same therapist over a short period of time. With the exception of
      ankle plantar flexion, these measurements cannot be considered to be reliable
      between therapists.

PMID- 3362981
TI  - Methods for taking subtalar joint measurements. A clinical report.
AB  - Physical therapists frequently evaluate the lower extremity, and this evaluation
      often includes measuring the subtalar joint neutral (STJN) position and subtalar
      joint (STJ) passive range of motion (PROM). This report critically reviews
      methods used to measure STJN position and STJ PROM. Standardized methods for
      taking these measurements, which have been clinically tested and appear to be
      theoretically sound, are presented. Although these methods are based on
      anatomical considerations, their reliability is less than optimal. However, these
      are the only methods of measuring STJN position and STJ PROM that have been
      tested adequately for reliability.

PMID- 3362982
TI  - Role of physical therapy in management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. A case
      report.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease in which alveoli are filled with
      a lipoproteinaceous material. Treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by
      whole-lung lavage demands the full participation of a skilled team including a
      physical therapist to ensure the reversal of the patients' symptoms and pulmonary
      function abnormalities. This case report illustrates the role of physical therapy
      in management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

PMID- 3362983
TI  - Elements of theory presentations in Physical Therapy.
AB  - The sustained growth of physical therapy as a profession depends on continual
      examination of its body of knowledge. Theory articles present and critique this
      body of knowledge. One mechanism for advancing theory in physical therapy is
      presented.

PMID- 3362984
TI  - Prediction of licensing examination scores in physical therapy graduates.
AB  - The primary purpose of this study was to determine which information available on
      applicants to the University of New Mexico physical therapy program would best
      predict performance on the licensing examination. The secondary purpose was to
      provide documentation of a procedure for selection that could be useful to other
      programs in other settings. American College Testing (ACT) scores, prerequisite
      and nonprerequisite grade point averages (GPAs), and interview and recommendation
      scores were used to predict licensing examination scores for the classes
      graduating from 1980 to 1984. Six of the regression analyses were significant,
      but three had similar correlations that were much higher than the rest. The
      variables in those three regression analyses were ACT composite score and both
      GPAs; ACT composite score, both GPAs, and interview score; and ACT composite
      score, prerequisite GPA, and interview score. The results of this study suggest
      that selection committees use standardized ability tests as admission criteria
      because the ACT scores accounted for the most variance in licensing examination
      scores. Other professional schools might also benefit by applying the procedures
      used in this study to their own data to develop prediction equations.

PMID- 3362985
TI  - Healing of bone defects by guided tissue regeneration.
AB  - In this study we describe a principle for the accomplishment of bone regeneration
      based on the hypothesis that different cellular components in the tissue have
      varying rates of migration into a wound area during healing. By a mechanical
      hindrance, using a membrane technique, fibroblasts and other soft connective
      tissue cells are prevented from entering the bone defect so that the presumably
      slower-migrating cells with osteogenic potential are allowed to repopulate the
      defect. Defects of standard size were created bilaterally through the mandibular
      angles of rats. On one side of the jaw the defect was covered with Teflon
      membranes, whereas the defect on the other side served as control. Histologic
      analysis after healing demonstrated that on the test (membrane) side, half the
      number of animals showed complete bone healing after 3 weeks and all animals
      showed complete healing after 6 weeks. Little or no sign of healing was evident
      on the control side even after an observation period of 22 weeks.

PMID- 3362986
TI  - A new technique for the treatment of palpebral bags.
AB  - A new technique for the treatment of palpebral bags is presented. The technique
      consists of returning fat to the orbital cavity and retaining it by means of a
      continuous suture (with nonabsorbable filament) of the capsulopalpebral fascia to
      the periosteum of the lower orbital rim. The anatomic basis for the technique,
      after examination of the relevant literature and dissection on fresh cadavers, is
      analyzed. The procedure followed and results obtained are described in detail.
      Evaluation of the results suggests to the authors that this might be the method
      to be applied in the majority of patients.

PMID- 3362987
TI  - A comparison of local recurrence and resection margins for stage I primary
      cutaneous malignant melanomas.
AB  - A retrospective review of 552 patients with clinical stage I primary cutaneous
      malignant melanomas was undertaken comparing margins of resection and local
      recurrence between 1966 and 1981. The overall local recurrence rate was 8 per 552
      (1.45 percent). We observed no instances of local recurrence in lesions less than
      1.40 mm thick with resection margins of at least 1 cm. A comparison of resection
      margins greater than 2 cm versus less than 2 cm for lesions less than 1.00 mm
      thick showed no difference at the 0.05 level of significance for local recurrence
      (0 per 228 versus 2 per 154; 1.3 percent) or survival. While narrower margins of
      resection for thinner, low-risk stage I malignant melanomas appear safe, the
      exact minimum margin of resection needed to satisfy both oncologic and cosmetic
      considerations, whether 1 or 2 cm, will need to be determined by a large
      prospective, randomized study.

PMID- 3362988
TI  - Further technical considerations of the sleeve microanastomosis.
AB  - In sleeve anastomoses, stenoses at the suture site have been the main concern.
      Mechanical dilatation is one way to prevent the stenosis, as suggested by
      Lauritzen. In the present study, 50 vessels (femoral and carotid) and 10 veins
      were used for sleeve anastomoses and the same numbers of vessels were used for
      conventional anastomoses (as control) to evaluate the effect of mechanical
      dilatation using resin corrosion cast (Mercox) because the Mercox cast
      facilitates three-dimensional stereoscopic views. Gradual dilatations around the
      suture sites were observed in seven carotid arteries, and three of seven resulted
      into aneurysm formation due to weakening of the inner vascular wall in the sleeve
      anastomosis. No dilatation or aneurysm was observed in the femoral arteries.
      Newly proliferating capillaries formed on the endothelial surfaces of the inner
      vascular walls around the suture sites after 4 weeks in the sleeve anastomoses.
      Operative time and endothelial trauma were markedly reduced with sleeve
      anastomoses. The gradual dilatation and aneurysm formation in the carotid
      arteries show that sleeve anastomoses should be used carefully for high-pressure
      arteries in clinical practice if mechanical dilatation is performed.

PMID- 3362989
TI  - Experiments on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on flap survival in the pig.
AB  - The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been advocated as a method of improving survival
      of ischemic flaps. Experiments were done in the pig using modern flap designs and
      hyperbaric oxygen protocols that have been reported to be effective in rodents.
      The results of these experiments indicate that hyperbaric oxygen is not effective
      in improving flap survival in the pig.

PMID- 3362990
TI  - Malpractice insurance: taxation without representation.

PMID- 3362991
TI  - Charge of the bite brigade.

PMID- 3362992
TI  - Nipple reconstruction: the S flap.
AB  - A one-stage procedure to reconstruct the nipple-areola complex is presented, with
      special attention given to nipple volume and projection using local dermis-fat
      flaps. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.

PMID- 3362993
TI  - Method for elevating the pediatric hand.
AB  - We have described a technique for elevating the injured pediatric hand for the
      patient who is nursed in a crib. This system allows full movement of the patient
      throughout the length of the crib with little danger for the potential of
      shoulder dislocation.

PMID- 3362994
TI  - Congenital ptosis and complications of ptosis surgery.

PMID- 3362995
TI  - Nuclear war and plastic surgery.

PMID- 3362996
TI  - Does this go to pathology?

PMID- 3362997
TI  - Identification of the levator aponeurosis in the correction of eyelid ptosis.

PMID- 3362999
TI  - Foreign medical graduates and board certification in plastic surgery.

PMID- 3362998
TI  - Suction lipectomy for gynecomastia.

PMID- 3363000
TI  - Scleral show.

PMID- 3363001
TI  - Asymmetrical breasts in an adolescent.

PMID- 3363002
TI  - The effect of corticosteroids on postoperative edema.

PMID- 3363003
TI  - Epidemiologic methods useful to surgeons.

PMID- 3363004
TI  - The preputium in hypospadias.

PMID- 3363005
TI  - Reconstruction of the preputium in distal hypospadias.

PMID- 3363006
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of the diagnosis of specific learning disorders with
      neurophysiologic methods of study].
AB  - EEG correlation analyses were conducted with children with and without specific
      learning weaknesses. Reduced left parietal correlation was found in children with
      dyslectic problems, and in children with adjustment and concentration problems,
      reduced bioelectric correlation. The frequent evidence of brain injury criteria
      suggests a link with general affectations of correlation but not specifically
      with cerebral correlation affections. It would appear to be appropriate to employ
      computer-assisted EEG correlation analysis, together with frequency analysis and
      the examination of evoked potentials in objective neurometric diagnosis where
      children with learning weaknesses are involved.

PMID- 3363007
TI  - [Sex behavior of epileptic patients].
AB  - Fifty female epileptic patients were questioned as to sexual behavior and
      attitude to pregnancy, and related matters. This investigation too confirmed a
      tendency towards lessened sexual activity among epileptic patients. As a group,
      the patients showed no deviation from nationwide average values in respect of
      attitudes and expecter behavior concerning pregnancy, sexuality, and desire for
      children. The demonstrable interdependence of clinical progress and social
      background is discussed for its value in counselind.

PMID- 3363008
TI  - [Seizure episodes and death by drowning].
AB  - 473 cases of death by drowning were examined for evidence of previous
      neurological disorders linked with the occurrence of epileptic fits. It was found
      that 16 persons (3.4%) were undergoing medical treatment for epilepsy. In a
      further 10 cases there was evidence of the possibility of previous disorders in
      which epileptic fits and syncopal attacks played a dominant part. Besides the
      risks from the previous disorders, additional risk factors are discussed.

PMID- 3363009
TI  - [Catamnestic studies of patients with writer's cramp following inpatient
      psychotherapy].
AB  - The paper gives the results of a follow-up study of 58 patients after
      psychotherapeutic treatment as in-patients for writer's cramp. Where as
      immediately after discharge 74.1% of the patients felt an improvement in their
      condition, at the time of the follow-up study only 17.2% were demonstrably
      improved, with 37.9% subjectively feeling an improvement over their state before
      treatment as in-patients. These results suggest that the customary
      psychotherapeutic methods employed have less effect on the evidently
      multifactorial extrapyramidal-motor basic complaint but rather have the effect of
      improving the patient's ability to cope with this in daily life.

PMID- 3363010
TI  - [Diagnostic value of aspartate aminotransferase in the cerebrospinal fluid].
AB  - As datum, the range of aspartate aminotransferase in the cerebrospinal fluid of
      adults was determined on the basis of 153 fluid samples and compared with the
      values obtained from 356 neurological patients. A significant increase in enzyme
      activity was established in respect of CVI, polyneuropathy, acute encephalitis,
      and SAB. It was possible to eliminate any dependence of the aspartate
      aminotransferase activity on serum activity, total protein, and cell count. The
      increase in activity of aspartate aminotransferase in the cerebrospinal fluid is
      thus identified as an independent pathological fact, and thus it can be
      incorporated in diagnostic routine more particularly in the diagnosis of CVI
      disorders.

PMID- 3363011
TI  - [Changes in functional cerebral laterality of patients with torticollis
      spasmodicus].
AB  - By comparing the results of tapping with and without simultaneous speaking and by
      evaluating their lateral differences the probable lateralization of functional
      speech centre was established in 28 patients with torticollis spasmodicus and 28
      healthy controls. In doing this, it became evident that unlike the controls the
      patients as a hole in a significant way lateralized the speech centre more
      frequently to the right. The changed cerebral laterality in the patients was
      supposed to be stimulated by pronounced emotional conflicts and to be involved in
      the disease of torticollis spasmodicus.

PMID- 3363012
TI  - Concentration and distribution of thioridazine and metabolites in schizophrenic
      post-mortem brain tissue.
AB  - Thioridazine (THD) and its major metabolites, mesoridazine (MES), sulforidazine
      (SULF), and northioridazine (norTHD) accumulate at a predictable rate in human
      brain tissue after chronic medication. Although the concentration of THD is
      normally lower than or the same as its major metabolite, MES, in the plasma, it
      was found to be up to five times as concentrated in the brain tissue of treated
      patients. THD and its metabolites were evenly distributed throughout all regions
      of the brain in chronically medicated patients. Brain concentrations of THD were
      also compared with those of chlorpromazine (CPZ) when both drugs had been given
      at the same dose before death, and were shown to be up to 10 times more
      concentrated in brain at doses greater than 300 mg/day. Because some of the
      metabolites of THD are pharmacologically active, it is important to know how they
      accumulate in the brain in relation to the parent compound to understand how this
      drug mediates its clinical effect.

PMID- 3363013
TI  - Brain morphological measures and CSF acetylcholine in Alzheimer dementia.

PMID- 3363014
TI  - Diagnostic determinants of short-term spontaneous course of major depression.

PMID- 3363015
TI  - Short-term prospective study of recovery in bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Thirty women who sought treatment at an eating disorders clinic in a general
      hospital and were diagnosed as having a current episode of bulimia nervosa were
      followed prospectively to assess the course of eating behaviors and other
      psychopathology. At intake, all 30 met DSM-III criteria for bulimia nervosa, and
      57% met Research Diagnostic Criteria for an affective disorder. After 6 months of
      followup, 33% had recovered from the bulimic episode, and 24% had recovered from
      the affective disorder. One subject had recovered from both disorders. In
      subjects with an affective disorder at intake, the affective disorder had little
      effect on the time to recovery from bulimia nervosa, and recovery from bulimia
      nervosa had little effect on the time to recovery from the affective disorder.

PMID- 3363016
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in agoraphobia: changes with treatment.
AB  - Ten patients suffering from agoraphobia with panic attacks reported significantly
      more obsessive-compulsive symptoms on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating
      Scale and Marks' Compulsion Checklist than healthy control subjects matched to
      the patients on sociodemographic variables. Behavioral treatment directed toward
      agoraphobia was associated with significant improvement in obsessive-compulsive
      complaints. On retesting, there were no significant differences in such symptoms
      between patients and controls. The results should alert the physician to inquire
      about the presence of agoraphobia in patients complaining of obsessive-compulsive
      disturbances.

PMID- 3363017
TI  - A nonhuman primate model of panic disorder.
AB  - In this article we report on the reliable production of several features of panic
      attacks following subcutaneous administration of sodium lactate to nonhuman
      primates. Unrestrained monkeys were evaluated by an observer without knowledge of
      the subjects' treatment with either sodium lactate or a dextrose control
      solution. The lactate produced temporally circumscribed episodes of agitation,
      wariness, and motor responses, normally elicited under stressful or threatening
      conditions. In an initial pharmacological intervention, we found that
      pretreatment with imipramine blocked the response to lactate. The further
      development of this model offers promise for the systematic examination of
      etiological factors in susceptibility to lactate induction of panic attacks, the
      physiological basis of the response, and new modes of treatment of panic
      disorder.

PMID- 3363018
TI  - A symptom rating scale for delirium.
AB  - The authors present a 10-item clinician-rated symptom rating scale for delirium.
      Compared to demented, schizophrenic, and normal control groups, 20 delirious
      subjects scored significantly higher on the scale, which quantitates multiple
      parameters affected by delirium. The scale can be used alone or in conjunction
      with an electroencephalogram and bedside cognitive tests to assess the delirious
      subject.

PMID- 3363019
TI  - Reliability and validity of the positive and negative syndrome scale for
      schizophrenics.
AB  - The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was developed out of the need
      for a well-operationalized method of assessing these syndromes in schizophrenia,
      including their relationship to one another and to global psychopathology. We
      surveyed 82 acute and chronic schizophrenics to analyze the psychometric
      properties of the four PANSS scales. The interrater reliabilities were in the
      0.80's, and significant correlations emerged with corresponding criterion
      measures. The PANSS positive and negative scales were inversely intercorrelated
      once their shared association with general psychopathology had been partialed
      out. The results support the scales' reliability, criterion-related validity, and
      construct validity, while cross-validating some of our previous findings.

PMID- 3363020
TI  - Reproducibility of the measurement of plasma noradrenergic and dopaminergic
      metabolites in normal subjects.
AB  - The object of this study was to determine the reproducibility of the measurement
      of plasma catecholamine metabolites in normal control subjects and to assess the
      influence of factors such as time of day, diet, activity, blood pressure, and
      mood on the variance of these measures. Plasma free homovanillic acid (HVA), 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were
      simultaneously measured by high performance liquid chromatography with
      electrochemical detection. Samples were collected from 15 doctors and nurses at 8
      a.m. and at noon on 2 separate days. After the fasting 8 a.m. sample, the
      subjects ate a regular hospital breakfast. Activity in their usual tasks on an
      inpatient psychiatric unit was monitored electronically by an activity meter.
      Levels of each metabolite were not significantly different between days at the
      respective assay times and were highly correlated for individuals. MHPG showed a
      significant increase from morning to noon, while HVA showed a significant
      decrease. Activity, dietary intake of tyrosine and tyramine, blood pressure,
      pulse, scores on the Profile of Mood States, age, and sex were not related to
      plasma levels. The results demonstrate that measures of dopamine and
      norepinephrine metabolites have significant reliability in normal subjects in a
      setting used for research studies with psychiatric patients.

PMID- 3363021
TI  - Urinary cortisol during exposure in obsessive-compulsive ritualizers.
AB  - Nineteen obsessive-compulsive (OC) ritualizers were exposed to both brief and
      prolonged neutral and aversive stimuli (the latter evoked a significant urge to
      ritualize). Urinary cortisol and subjective anxiety were measured over 3 1/2
      hours throughout the experiment, and cortisol secretion was compared to a control
      session the previous day. Both groups showed higher cortisol secretion after
      exposure compared to the control session. Only the group that received prolonged
      aversive stimuli, in addition to brief aversive and neutral stimuli, showed
      significantly higher urinary cortisol levels after the session. Cortisol response
      correlated with subjective anxiety reports during prolonged aversive stimulation
      only.

PMID- 3363022
TI  - Dexamethasone suppression test and coping behavior in psychosocial stress.
AB  - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and the Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory (MMPI) were administered to 144 healthy inductees on day 2
      of military service. One hundred and four of them completed a 120-item
      questionnaire describing their coping responses to this particular challenge.
      Thirty-six subjects (25%) failed to suppress plasma cortisol adequately. Their
      mean scores on the MMPI clinical standard scales were within the normal range.
      High postdexamethasone cortisol levels were associated with denial and passivity,
      and with low demand for social support. These results suggest that the DST might
      be more related to coping with a stressor than to a specific diagnosis. The
      authors speculate that high hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity may have a
      primary role in psychological defense promoting inattention to the aversive
      aspects of stressful situations.

PMID- 3363023
TI  - Growth hormone response to clonidine in panic disorder patients.
AB  - The growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine administration (2 micrograms/kg)
      was compared in three groups of subjects: seven panic disorder patients, seven
      depressed patients matched for age and sex, and seven normal controls. As
      previously reported, patients with affective disorders show a blunted GH response
      to clonidine. Only one panic disorder patient had a blunted GH response to
      clonidine, and this patient had recently received a tricyclic antidepressant.

PMID- 3363024
TI  - Lactate- and isoproterenol-induced panic attacks in panic disorder patients and
      controls.
AB  - In a double-blind study using sodium lactate and isoproterenol infusions to
      provoke panic attacks, 73 of 86 panic disorder patients and 10 of 45 controls
      panicked with lactate, and 58 of 86 patients and 4 of 45 controls panicked with
      isoproterenol. We measured baseline and peak anxiety ratings in 10 controls with
      lactate-induced panic attacks, 31 controls who did not panic during lactate
      infusions, and 63 panic disorder patients who did panic during lactate infusions.
      The controls who panicked with lactate had robust increases in their anxiety
      ratings very similar to the increases experienced by patients who panicked with
      lactate.

PMID- 3363025
TI  - Effects of laboratory-induced panic-anxiety on subsequent provocative infusions.
AB  - The effects of infusion-induced panic-anxiety on subsequent pre-infusion anxiety
      ratings and infusion-induced panic attacks were studied in 64 panic disorder
      patients, in a double-blind randomized study using sodium lactate, isoproterenol,
      and placebo infusions. While there was a decrease of preinfusion anxiety from one
      infusion to the next infusion both for panickers and nonpanickers, there was no
      evidence of either a significant decrease or an increase in the frequency of
      subsequent panic attacks. These results suggest that there is neither a
      desensitizing nor a sensitizing effect of pharmacologically induced panic attacks
      on subsequent infusions in a serial three-infusion design.

PMID- 3363026
TI  - Adrenocortical hyperactivity in depression: effects of agitation, delusions,
      melancholia, and other illness variables.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the relative contributions to adrenocortical
      hyperactivity in depression of agitation, delusions, and melancholic subtype, we
      measured cortisol levels before and after dexamethasone in 93 unipolar major
      depressed inpatients. Stepwise multiple regression showed that agitation
      predicted 22% of the variance in a.m. cortisol level after dexamethasone.
      Addition of the variables melancholia and delusionality to the regression model
      accounted for 27% and 34%, respectively, of the variance in the same cortisol
      variable. Age, illness severity, and weight loss added no further significant
      predictive value. Age, weight loss, and illness severity did affect cortisol
      levels when examined separately from the other variables. Rate of nonsuppression
      on the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) differed between the nonmelancholic
      major depressive group and any other group with melancholia. These results
      suggest why some discrepancies may exist between studies of the DST in delusional
      depression and indicate that agitation merits careful assessment in future
      studies of DST response.

PMID- 3363027
TI  - A comparative evaluation of three discriminant scales for endogenous depression.
AB  - Three discriminant scales for diagnosing endogenous depression were examined in
      56 depressed inpatients. These scales were the Newcastle 1 (N1), Newcastle 2
      (N2), and Michigan Index (MI). The scales agreed on diagnosis in 17 (30%)
      patients; respective frequencies of endogenous depression were 23%, 57%, and 78%
      for the N2, N1, and MI scales. Relationships were examined between treatment
      response to isocarboxazid, drug dose, and diagnostic type for each scale.
      Significant dose X diagnosis interactions were noted for N1 and N2, but not for
      MI. A correlational within-dose analysis of all three scales revealed that actual
      diagnostic score was related to outcome only for high-dose patients on the
      Newcastle-1 scale; no other significant correlations emerged.

PMID- 3363028
TI  - Slow potential correlates of frontal function, psychosis, and negative symptoms.
AB  - The contingent negative variation (CNV) was used to study cortical activation in
      frontal and central areas in psychotic and nonpsychotic patients. Psychotic
      patients showed a higher frontal relative to central CNV amplitude than
      nonpsychotic patients, a finding that was correlated with performance on a test
      of frontal function. Negative symptom ratings (physical anhedonia and social
      closeness) were correlated with relatively low frontal versus central CNV
      amplitude, but only in psychotic patients.

PMID- 3363029
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potential correlates of schizophrenic subtypes identified by
      the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory.
AB  - Evoked potentials (EPs) of schizophrenic patients differ from those of normal
      controls and some other diagnostic groups, but EP measurements of the comparison
      groups often overlap considerably. This suggests that schizophrenics are
      heterogeneous with respect to EP measurements and that additional methods for
      clinical subtyping are needed to account for the heterogeneity. This study used
      criteria based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory to partition 20
      patients, who were all schizophrenic by three diagnostic systems, into two
      subgroups. Somatosensory EP measurements of these two subgroups differed,
      suggesting that neurophysiological heterogeneity within the total sample of
      schizophrenics was associated with corresponding heterogeneity of the clinical
      features in the Millon scales.

PMID- 3363030
TI  - The social construction of mental illness.

PMID- 3363031
TI  - Lycanthropy: alive and well in the twentieth century.
AB  - Lycanthropy, the belief that one has been transformed into an animal (or
      behaviour suggestive of such a belief), has been described by physicians and
      clerics since antiquity, but has received scant attention in the modern
      literature. Some have even thought the syndrome extinct. However, in a review of
      patients admitted to our centre since 1974, we identified twelve cases of
      lycanthropy, ranging in duration from one day to 13 years. The syndrome was
      generally associated with severe psychosis, but not with any specific psychiatric
      diagnosis or neurological findings, or with any particular outcome. As a rare but
      colourful presentation of psychosis, lycanthropy appears to have survived into
      modern times.

PMID- 3363032
TI  - Suicide, age and marital status.
AB  - A new data set concerning suicide in relation to marital status for Scotland,
      1973-83, is presented. The effects of age-standardization on marital status rates
      and of marital status standardization on age-specific rates are both elucidated.
      The difficulties of drawing conclusions from marital status rates for suicide are
      outlined. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the importance of the widowed state
      has been underestimated and that it appears that the relative risk for suicide
      associated with divorce has probably been decreasing among Scottish men over the
      study period.

PMID- 3363033
TI  - Relationship between psychiatric impairment and a natural disaster: the role of
      distress.
AB  - The relationship between adversity, distress and psychiatric impairment was
      examined in a group of 469 firefighters who had an intense exposure to an
      Australian bushfire disaster. The data suggested that psychiatric impairment
      measured by the General Health Questionnaire and distress measured by the Impact
      of Event Scale were relatively separate phenomena. Psychiatric impairment in
      these people appeared to be related more to their level of distress after the
      fires than to the severity of their exposure and losses.

PMID- 3363034
TI  - Affective disorders in five United States communities.
AB  - Results on the age/sex specific prevalence of DSM-III affective disorders from
      the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA), a probability sample of over
      18,000 adults from five United States communities, are presented. The cross-site
      means for bipolar disorder ranged from 0.7/100 (2 weeks) to 1.2/100 (lifetime),
      with a mean age of onset of 21 years and no sex difference in rates. The cross
      site means for major depression ranged from 1.5/100 (2 weeks) to 4.4/100
      (lifetime), with a mean age onset of 27 years and higher rates in women. The
      cross-site means for dysthymia, a chronic condition, was 3.1/100 with a higher
      rate in women. There was reasonable consistency in prevalence rates among sites.
      The implications of these findings for understanding psychopathology are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363035
TI  - Distinguishing anxiety and depression with field survey data.
AB  - Data on self-reported symptoms collected in the East Baltimore site of the
      Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program are analysed in parallel fashion for the two
      syndromes of anxiety and depression. Patterns of relationships of anxiety and
      depression to sociodemographic factors, prior psychopathology, and life events
      fail markedly to distinguish the two syndromes.

PMID- 3363036
TI  - A comparison of psychiatric decision-making by trainee general practitioners and
      trainee psychiatrists using a simulated consultation model.
AB  - A videotape-assisted simulated consultation model was used in a pilot study
      comparing range of assessment and treatment decisions made by trainee general
      practitioners and trainee psychiatrists in response to two cases representing
      women with depressive disorders. The doctors were studied individually in their
      consulting rooms or offices. In relation to the methods of analysis chosen,
      levels of agreement within and between the two groups of trainees were generally
      low. The findings are discussed in relation to previous similar work undertaken
      with experienced clinicians studied in groups.

PMID- 3363037
TI  - A study of depressive typologies using grade of membership analysis.
AB  - Grade of Membership (GOM) analysis, a multivariate technique for studying
      disease, was used to explore depressive typology and relationships between
      depression and anxiety. One hundred and ninety patients with RDC diagnoses of
      major or minor depression were assessed by the Hamilton and SCL-90 symptom rating
      scales, the Newcastle diagnostic indices for endogenous depression and for
      anxiety and depression. Demographic, family and treatment response information
      were used as external validators. Five pure types provided the most satisfactory
      solution to these data. One group corresponded to classical melancholia,
      occurring in older, stable, in-patients, who lacked panic-phobic symptoms. All
      patients with agoraphobia fell into two distinct in-patient and out-patient
      groups, which differed from each other in several ways. In one group, a link was
      found between panic attacks, agitated melancholia and familial pure depression.
      The second group was less symptomatic and had more atypical vegetative symptoms.
      Two more groups comprised mildly symptomatic, hypochondriacal, depression, and a
      highly neurotic, obsessive, anxious, non-phobic depression, which was commonly
      related to a physical stressor.

PMID- 3363038
TI  - Phenomenology and classification of the childhood psychoses.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-eight cases of children with final clinical diagnoses of
      childhood psychosis were reviewed using a standard coding scheme; cases were
      grouped in three broad categories on the basis of clinical diagnosis (autistic,
      atypical and schizophreniform). These three groups differed significantly in many
      respects, although the 'atypical' group more closely resembled the autistic
      group. While it was possible meaningfully to differentiate diagnostic groups
      using DSM-III criteria, some cases were difficult to classify. Childhood
      schizophrenia, as strictly defined, was far less common than childhood autism.
      The development of diagnostic schemes for those children whose disorders are
      difficult to classify is an important topic for future research.

PMID- 3363039
TI  - Development of a questionnaire measure of adjustment to cancer: the MAC scale.
AB  - This paper describes the development of a self-rating scale to measure adjustment
      to cancer. The Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale has been completed by 235
      patients with various types and stages of cancer. It is easily understood by, and
      acceptable to, patients. Data relating to reliability and internal consistency
      indicate that the MAC scale is a valuable research tool for clinical studies of
      patients' psychological adjustment to cancer.

PMID- 3363040
TI  - The factor structure of the GHQ-60 in a community sample.
AB  - The factor structure of the 60-item version of the General Health Questionnaire
      was explored, using data collected in a community study in a rural area of
      northern Spain. Six principal components, similar to those previously reported
      with this instrument, were found to provide a good description of the data
      structure. The 30-item and 12-item versions of the GHQ were then disembedded from
      the parent version, and further principal components analyses carried out. Again,
      the results were similar to previous studies: in each of the three versions
      analysed here, the two most important components represented a disturbance of
      mood ('general dysphoria')--including aspects of anxiety, depression and
      irritability--and a disturbance of social performance ('social
      function/optimism'). The principal component structure of the GHQ-60 was then
      utilized to calculate factor scores, and these were compared with PSE ratings
      using Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. While four of the six
      factors discriminated well (area under the ROC curve 0.75 or more) between PSE
      'cases' and 'non-cases', only one, depressive thoughts, was a good discriminator
      between depressed and non-depressed PSE 'cases'.

PMID- 3363041
TI  - The development of a measure of intimate bonds.
AB  - This paper discusses the relevance of assessing the nature of intimate
      relationships and reports on the development of such an instrument. The Intimate
      Bond Measure (IBM) is a self-report measure assessing two key underlying
      dimensions, care and control. Its properties are assessed in separate studies,
      establishing its high test-retest reliability, the homogeneous nature of the
      isolated dimensions, its insensitivity to broad socio-demographic influences and
      its minimal sensitivity to depressed mood state. Support for its validity, in
      terms of both perceived and actual characteristics of care and control, is
      demonstrated. It provides a simple and efficient measure of central constructs
      underlying intimate relationships, and is of potential use in studies attempting
      to assess the relevance of intimate relationships to the onset and course of
      psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3363042
TI  - Using the psychological stress evaluator in conditions of extreme stress.
AB  - The Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSEV) is a machine for detecting signs of
      stress in the voice. It was tested using tape recordings of negotiators during a
      prolonged terrorist siege in which a number of death threats were issued. The
      study aimed to test whether the PSEV could distinguish between the traces of
      terrorist voices before the death threats from voice traces at other points. A
      scoring system using the proportion of voice oscillations falling above defined
      amplitude levels was used. PSEV scores did rise significantly more just before
      the actual shooting of a hostage. Unfortunately, the apparatus proved to be slow
      and cumbersome in practice and of limited, or no, use during the course of
      incidents similar to the one analysed.

PMID- 3363043
TI  - Selective subcortical abnormalities in autism.
AB  - Nine physically healthy, adult autistic men, with normal or near normal
      intelligence, and 13 healthy male controls were examined in a CT brain scan
      study. CT scans were analysed with a fully automated computer-assisted program,
      and regional brain radiodensities were measured with careful attention to
      artefacts. Autistic patients revealed significantly larger third, but not
      lateral, ventricular size and significantly lower mean caudate, but equivalent
      mean frontal and thalamic, radiodensities compared to controls. The sizes of the
      Sylvian fissures and interhemispheric fissure were equivalent between groups. The
      findings are consistent with selective subcortical abnormalities in autism.

PMID- 3363044
TI  - Depression and disability in Parkinson's disease: a follow-up of 132 cases.
AB  - Patients with Parkinson's disease, 132 in number, were followed up after
      approximately one year, and measures of depression and disability re
      administered. Depression was common on both occasions, and was characterized by
      dysphoria, pessimism and somatic symptoms, but not guilt or self-blame.
      Depression and disability were associated on both occasions. The relationship
      between changes in disability and depression across time was complex. In trying
      to understand changes in depression, the absolute change in disability may be
      less important than the relative change and rate of change. The results were
      discussed in relation to findings from other disease groups, and the implications
      for the clinical management of depression in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3363045
TI  - The effects of experimentally induced respiratory virus infections on
      performance.
AB  - Studies of experimentally induced respiratory infections and illnesses showed
      that influenza impaired performance on a visual search task but had no effect on
      a simple motor task, whereas colds impaired the motor task but not the search
      task. The effect of influenza on the search task was observed in both volunteers
      with significant clinical symptoms and volunteers who were shown, by virological
      techniques, to be infected but who had no significant clinical illness.
      Performance was also impaired during the incubation period of this illness, which
      confirms that subclinical influenza virus infections can have behavioural
      effects. In contrast to influenza, the effects of colds were restricted to
      volunteers who had significant clinical symptoms, and the impairments in
      performance were observed only when the symptoms were apparent.

PMID- 3363046
TI  - Urinary-free cortisol in depressed patients and controls: relationship to urinary
      indices of noradrenergic function.
AB  - We measured urinary outputs of urinary-free cortisol in 28 medication-free
      depressed patients and 32 normal controls. Depressed patients had significantly
      greater urinary outputs of urinary-free cortisol than controls. Also, there were
      significant correlations among depressed patients, but not among controls,
      between urinary-free cortisol and urinary outputs of norepinephrine and its
      metabolite vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). These urinary data extend recent findings
      suggesting that dysregulation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and
      noradrenergic system occur together in depression.

PMID- 3363047
TI  - Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns.

PMID- 3363048
TI  - Vocational-neuropsychological evaluation of psychiatrically disabled patients.

PMID- 3363049
TI  - Validity of the Megargee-Bohn MMPI typology with women incarcerated in a state
      prison.

PMID- 3363050
TI  - Drug use and prior suicidal preoccupation in college students.

PMID- 3363051
TI  - Effect of fathers' absence on delinquent boys: dependency and hypermasculinity.

PMID- 3363054
TI  - Type-A behavior and calcium consumption by college students.

PMID- 3363053
TI  - Narcissism and embellishments of signature.

PMID- 3363052
TI  - Prediction of depression-proneness.

PMID- 3363055
TI  - Love-attitudes of white South African adolescents.

PMID- 3363056
TI  - Performance on the Community Mental Health Ideology Scale by executive directors
      of community mental health centers.

PMID- 3363057
TI  - An introduction to a metabehavioral model with implications for social skills
      training for aggressive adolescents.

PMID- 3363058
TI  - Reliability of Boder's classification of spelling errors: naive raters.

PMID- 3363059
TI  - Homosexuals in the Armed Forces.

PMID- 3363060
TI  - The Health Professions Stress Inventory.

PMID- 3363061
TI  - Personal orientations and their relation to psychological and physiological
      symptoms of strain.

PMID- 3363062
TI  - Successful treatment of chronic psychogenic vomiting by self-monitoring.

PMID- 3363063
TI  - Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale scores of psychiatric outpatients by age and
      sex.

PMID- 3363065
TI  - Concurrent validity of the Global Assessment Scale: what's in a number?

PMID- 3363066
TI  - Evaluation of a small group on a psychogeriatric ward and the implications for
      nursing staff and occupational therapy staff.

PMID- 3363064
TI  - Abortions, contraceptive use and locus of control.

PMID- 3363067
TI  - Convergence and divergence of clinical memory tests.

PMID- 3363068
TI  - Effects of testosterone propionate upon habit-reversals and one-trial learning by
      castrated white rats.

PMID- 3363069
TI  - Adolescents' stress in India: age and sex differences.

PMID- 3363070
TI  - Reasons for smoking and personality: a preliminary study.

PMID- 3363071
TI  - Social-evaluative anxiety in panic disorder and agoraphobia.

PMID- 3363072
TI  - Chronic pain, physical symptoms, and type A behavior in young adults.

PMID- 3363073
TI  - Impulsivity in felons and unwed mothers.

PMID- 3363074
TI  - Antisociality and dangerousness in women before and after the women's movement.

PMID- 3363075
TI  - Effectiveness of assertiveness training in modifying aggressive behaviors of
      young children.

PMID- 3363076
TI  - Comparison of retrospective and prospective assessment of premenstrual symptoms.

PMID- 3363078
TI  - A shortened version of the Burns Perfectionism Scale.

PMID- 3363077
TI  - Personality attributes of children with conduct disorders: the discriminant power
      of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.

PMID- 3363079
TI  - Relations of coping style and illness variables in ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3363080
TI  - Psychosocial factors in excessive drinking of senior citizens and the general
      population: opinions of alcohol intervention workers.

PMID- 3363082
TI  - Guilt in alcoholics: an evaluation of the Mosher Guilt Scales.

PMID- 3363081
TI  - Determinants of body image in women at midlife.

PMID- 3363083
TI  - Reliability and validity of the Kansas Family Life Satisfaction Scale in a
      predominantly middle-aged sample.

PMID- 3363084
TI  - [Coping of patients with back surgery--psychosocial aspects].

PMID- 3363085
TI  - [Affective motivational correlates of strategies of coping with illness--initial
      results of a longitudinal study on cancer patients].

PMID- 3363086
TI  - [The kind and effectiveness of coping behavior of the female at the first threat
      of breast or cervix cancer].

PMID- 3363087
TI  - [Social support and coping with disease--new results from the Oldenburg
      longitudinal study 4 1/2 years after the first infarction].

PMID- 3363088
TI  - [Coping with stress by neurotic and endogenously depressed patients].

PMID- 3363089
TI  - [Perception of stressful disease events in various chronic diseases--a
      comparative study].

PMID- 3363090
TI  - [Hierarchy of radiotaxons and evolution of the genome].
AB  - The computer analysis of cell radioresistance (D0) in 79 organisms distributed by
      Sparrow among 8 radiotaxons, and in those randomly chosen among 183 organisms has
      demonstrated the existence of the hierarchic system of clusters as 2, 3 and 4
      taxons that are completely consistent with the external and internal criteria of
      the classification quality. The results obtained indicate a general biological
      importance of radiotaxonomy that directly reflects the basic steps of structural
      rearrangements of the genome in the course of evolution.

PMID- 3363091
TI  - [Radiation-induced, irreparable, hereditary changes in cells promoting their
      neoplastic transformation].
AB  - In experiments with model plant tumors (Kalanchoe-ti plasmid Agrobact.
      tumefaciens C-58D) it was shown that exposure of the recipient plant to low-level
      gamma-radiation of 2 Gy induced changes in cells that were not repaired over two
      months promoting tumoral transformations in them. Those changes were shown to
      persist in the offspring of the exposed somatic cells.

PMID- 3363092
TI  - [Reaction of a population of HeLa tumor cells in the stationary stage of growth
      to irradiation at different rates].
AB  - The early stages of a repopulation process of HeLa cells under the action of
      irradiation 5 Gy dose and an influence of a preliminary 0.1 Gy dose irradiation
      at that process were investigated. As it was shown the fraction of cells with a
      great proliferation potential appeared in one day after lethal 5 Gy dose
      irradiation of the resting HeLa cells. If the other irradiation regime was used:
      0.1 Gy dose plus 4.9 Gy dose in 3 min after the first action, the part of cells
      with a great proliferation potential became considerably less.

PMID- 3363093
TI  - [Reaction of non-proliferating tumor cells to irradiation].
AB  - At early times after irradiation (5 Gy) of HeLa cells at the stationary phase of
      growth the proliferative pool grows, as compared with the cell culture exposed at
      the logarithmic phase, and incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C-uridine is
      intensified.

PMID- 3363094
TI  - [Duration of the mitotic cycle and radiosensitivity of chromosomes in human
      lymphocytes].
AB  - The frequency of chromosome aberrations was studied in human lymphocytes, with
      different duration of the mitotic cycle (from 48 to 73 h), exposed to gamma
      quanta 2 h before fixation (i. e. at the G2 stage). In all cases both the types
      and the frequencies of aberrations were the same; this was an argument against
      the assumption about the existence of populations varying by radiosensitivity of
      chromosomes.

PMID- 3363095
TI  - [Electron microscopic analysis of postradiation apoptotic death of thymocytes and
      peripheral blood lymphocytes].
AB  - Some stages of the apoptotic death of lymphoid cells (thymocytes and peripheral
      blood lymphocytes) have been followed up using light and electron microscopes.
      Differences have been revealed in the formation of death stages under natural
      physiological conditions and after gamma-irradiation. High radiation doses are
      shown to interfere with the process of nuclear chromatin condensation
      characteristic of the natural physiological death of cells.

PMID- 3363096
TI  - [Effect of choline on the DNA supramolecular complex in rats and their survival
      following gamma irradiation].
AB  - The injection of choline-chloride (200 mg/kg) to rats 15 min before 6 Gy
      irradiation was shown to increase their survival rate over a period of 30 days,
      to prolong their average life, and to promote the complete restoration of
      elastoviscosity of DNA supramolecular complexes in thymus, spleen, liver and
      brain. When administered immediately after irradiation the drug increased the
      survival rate of rats.

PMID- 3363097
TI  - [Inducible repair of DNA single-strand breaks in gamma-irradiated Chinese hamster
      cells].
AB  - Preirradiation of Chinese hamster cells with low-level UV-light does not
      influence the efficiency of repair of gamma-radiation-induced DNA single-strand
      breaks. With fractionated gamma-irradiation, cycloheximide delivered during the
      interval between the two fractions reduces the number of DNA breaks (compared to
      that in cells affected by the same nonfractionated dose). The data obtained
      indicate the presence of an inducible component of repair of DNA single-strand
      breaks in gamma-irradiated Chinese hamster cells.

PMID- 3363098
TI  - [Effect of cycloheximide on the morphological and biochemical changes in
      chromatin in non-irradiated and irradiated rat thymocytes].
AB  - The level of chromatin degradation was studied and the method of electron
      microscopy was used to estimate the changes in the ultrastructure of irradiated
      and nonirradiated thymocytes of rats treated with cycloheximide. The latter was
      found to decrease the degree of derangement of nuclear ultrastructure and the
      level of chromatin degradation in exposed animals and to increase the yield of
      these damages in thymocytes of nonirradiated animals. The electronmicroscopic
      determinations showed that the percentage of thymocytes with the impaired nucleus
      structure is twice as high as that of degraded chromatin. The causes of the
      quantitative disagreement between the morphological and biochemical indices of
      the interphase thymocyte death are discussed.

PMID- 3363099
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the chemoreceptive properties of snail giant
      neurons. Correction by ATP and concanavalin A].
AB  - Ionizing radiation was shown to reduce the membrane response to acetylcholine and
      gamma-aminobutyric acid and to modify the sensitivity of acetylcholine reactions
      to ouabain. The possibility was demonstrated of the postirradiation
      pharmacological correction of the neuronal membrane chemosensitivity by
      increasing the intracellular concentration of ATP and by the external application
      of concanavalin A. Possible mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation on the
      chemoreceptive properties of the neuronal membrane are discussed.

PMID- 3363100
TI  - [Effect of gamma rays on T. ovis cysticerci].
AB  - The influence of gamma-radiation (0.2 to 2 kGy) on T. ovis cysticerci has been
      studied. Irradiation of flesh pieces invaded with T. ovis with doses ranging from
      0.2 to 1.2 kGy does not affect the viability of cysticerci; the doses of 1.4 to
      1.8 kGy have a minor effect, and the dose of 2 kGy produces a 100-per cent effect
      on the viability and invasive capacity of cysticerci. This effect of radiation is
      not influenced by the volume of the muscular flesh mass exposed, age and
      localization of cysticerci. With lower doses, the radiation effect is manifested
      15-20 days following irradiation.

PMID- 3363101
TI  - [Effect of adrenaline on the succinate dehydrogenase activity of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes of rats following exposure to ionizing radiation].
AB  - In experiments with albino mongrel female rats, the influence of adrenaline on
      succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) activity in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of
      irradiated and intact animals has been investigated. Two minutes after the
      intraperitoneal administration of adrenaline (1 mg/kg) to intact rats SDG
      activity sharply rises and 3-4 min it drastically falls. In 6 to 8 min the second
      peak in the enzyme activity is registered. Twenty minutes after irradiation of
      rats in the cranio-caudal direction with a dose of 75 Gy delivered to head, the
      reaction to adrenaline, manifested by the rise in SDG activity, is absent.

PMID- 3363102
TI  - [Radioprotective effect of nucleosides and nucleotides and the mechanism of
      action of adenosine].
AB  - Adenosine and a majority of adenine mononucleotides have a radioprotective
      action; adenine and 2'-deoxyadenosine have no radioprotective effect, and that of
      3',5'-cAMP only approaches the detectable level. Ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides
      and nucleotides of guanine, uracil, thymine, and cytosine have no protective
      action. Dipyridamole increases and alkylxanthines block the radioprotective
      effect of adenosine. So it follows that the radioprotective effect is realized
      via A-receptors of the plasmatic membrane external surface.

PMID- 3363103
TI  - [Effect of administration of allogeneic lymphocytes on the survival of
      sublethally irradiated mice].
AB  - The administration of allogenic (CBA----C57B1/6) and semi-allogenic (CBA----F1)
      lymphocytes to sublethally exposed recipient mice either stimulates or
      inactivates endogenous colony-formation depending on the dose of lymphocytes
      administered. The stimulation of endogenous colony-formation correlates with the
      increased survival rate after radiation doses that decrease the survival rate of
      the control recipients.

PMID- 3363104
TI  - [Effect of autologous blood irradiated in isolation on the restoration of
      leukopoiesis in an experimental model of prolonged leukopenia].
AB  - Reinfusion of irradiated (220 Gy) isolated blood (IIB) was shown to accelerate
      leukopoiesis restoration in conditions of myelodepression induced by the
      injection of cyclophosphane. Restoration of leucocyte count in the peripheral
      blood was preceded by the increase in DNA synthesis and bone marrow cellularity.
      Reinfusion of IIB also promoted a more rapid restoration of cellularity of
      lymphoid organs with cAMP predominating therein. The comparison of the processes
      under study in time permits to assume that the stimulatory effect of IIB is
      related to activation of proliferation and stimulation of cell maturing in bone
      marrow and lymphoid organs.

PMID- 3363105
TI  - [The lipid phase of biomembranes and level of compensatory reserve of the cell
      energy system in animals irradiated in hypokinesic states].
AB  - A combined exposure to hypokinesia (21 days) and gamma-radiation (8 Gy) was shown
      to produce a synergistic effect on the level of endogenous radiosensitizers in
      mitochondria resulting in a low-energy shift: the compensatory reserve of the
      hepatocytes' energy system was utilized with a 242 per cent efficiency. The molar
      cholesterol/phospholipid ratio decreased. The lipid phase homeoviscosity
      increased significantly in microsomes.

PMID- 3363106
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the aggressive behavior of mice].
AB  - Changes in the aggressiveness of mice were studied after exposure thereof to 5,
      10, 30, 60 and 100 Gy radiation. With doses of 5, 10 and 30 Gy no stable effect
      on the aggressive behaviour of mice was observed, while doses of 60 and 100 Gy
      suppressed it drastically. Stress at the time of exposure can enhance the
      antiaggressive effect of radiation.

PMID- 3363107
TI  - [Possibility of prognosticating the outcome of the cerebral form of radiation
      sickness based on indices of exploratory behavior in rats].
AB  - There is an inverse relationship between the effectiveness of the examining by
      rats of the cross-shaped labyrinth and their individual sensitivity to gamma
      irradiation with doses inducing a cerebral form of radiation sickness.

PMID- 3363108
TI  - [Relation of the survival of irradiated dogs to the reserve of undamaged bone
      marrow].
AB  - From the experiments with irradiated dogs it follows that the survival rate is a
      function of activity of bone marrow haemopoiesis which is in a good agreement
      with the previously proposed theoretical model.

PMID- 3363109
TI  - [Radiation-modifying effect of quinoline derivatives].
AB  - In experiments with hybrid mice (CBA X C57Bl)F1 and tetrahybrids (CBWA) a study
      was made of the radio-modifying properties of twelve quinoline derivatives. Among
      them three preparations, including quipazine [1(2-quinolyl)piperazine], possessed
      a 50% radioprotective effect. The radioprotective effect of piperazinylcinchonine
      acid hydrazides was the same as that of mexamine.

PMID- 3363111
TI  - [Radioprotective properties of oxolinic acid during long-term exposure to
      radiation].
AB  - The antioxidant activity of oxolinic acid was studied in mongrel mice during the
      prolonged (6-8 hours) exposure to ionizing radiation. The drug administered
      before irradiation was shown to increase (by 7 to 33 per cent) the survival rate
      of mice. The effect was maximum after the subcutaneous injection. The results
      obtained on the effect of oxolinic acid on DNA synthesis by bone marrow
      karyocytes are submitted.

PMID- 3363110
TI  - [Effect of branched-chain amino acids on nitrogen metabolism in irradiated rats].
AB  - The influence of a mixture of amino acids, with a branched chain, on the protein
      nitrogen metabolism in irradiated animals was investigated. Repeated
      intraperitoneal administrations of the drug was shown to reduce the severity of
      radiation affection and to normalize nitrogen metabolism decreasing the
      postirradiation nitrogen losses by the organism.

PMID- 3363112
TI  - [An effect of delayed behavioral activation during a single exposure to
      microwaves].
AB  - Behavioural aspects of the effect of a single microwave exposure (2450 MHz; 1
      mW/cm2; 0.27 mW/g; 7 h) were studied on albino rats using the labyrinth method
      and registering various constituents of the motor activity on days 1 and 4 after
      irradiation. No changes were found during the first 24 hours and an increase in
      the activity was noted on day 4 following irradiation.

PMID- 3363113
TI  - [Significance of a transthoracic imaging technic in shoulder arthrography].
AB  - Even in this era of sonography, arthrography of the shoulder is an important
      diagnostic investigation, making it possible to exclude unrecognized connective
      tissue lesions in patients with chronic shoulder pain resistant to therapy.
      Sometimes standard X-ray techniques do not yield all the information the surgeon
      needs about ventral or dorsal localization of a rotator-cuff rupture. An
      additional approach to the joint is needed: a transthoracic lateral-view X-ray
      provides the surgeon with adequate information to help in selection of the most
      appropriate operative approach to the shoulder.

PMID- 3363114
TI  - [Possibilities of magnetic resonance tomography in diagnostic imaging of the
      shoulder joint].
AB  - By virtue of its multiplanar representation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
      allows clear visualization of the complex anatomical relationships of the
      shoulder joint. In addition to axial planes, slices perpendicular and parallel to
      the glenoid cavity are used to good advantage. In tears of the rotator cuff an
      increase in signal intensity within the cuff is recognized in T2- and proton
      density-weighted images. Lesions of the glenoid labrum following luxations of the
      glenohumeral joint can be detected and classified using MRI. The diagnostic value
      of MRI as compared with other imaging modalities will have to be evaluated in
      larger series with operative verification.

PMID- 3363115
TI  - [Success and long-term results of radiotherapy of periarthritis
      humeroscapularis].
AB  - The results in 164 patients receiving radiotherapy for humeroscapular
      periarthritis were evaluated on the basis of questionnaires. In all, 76% of the
      patients reported an improvement. A long-term study over an average of 5 years
      showed 61 patients (49%) to have experienced long-lasting freedom from pain.
      However, 38 patients (24%) noticed no improvement. Criteria affecting the success
      of therapy seem to include the length of the history of the disease as well as
      inadequate differential diagnosis. No influence is attributed to age, sex or
      previous types of treatment.

PMID- 3363116
TI  - [Tumorous space occupying lesions of the scapula. An analysis of preoperative
      assessment of invasion].
AB  - The radiographic and histological morphology of 38 tumors lesions of the scapula
      are analyzed. Osteochondromas (n = 12), chondrosarcomas (n = 7), plasmacytomas (n
      = 4) and Ewing's sarcomas (n = 3) were the most frequent neoplasms. The
      radiographically determined growth rates allowed an estimate of the dignity in
      all cases. Benign lesions were only observed in the first five decades of life,
      and were mostly located in the scapular blade. Most tumors found in the acromion
      and in the glenoid region and all lesions diagnosed in the 6th to the 8th decades
      of life were malignant. In 63.2% of cases correct diagnosis of the type of lesion
      present was possible on radiographic examination.

PMID- 3363117
TI  - Intravenous urographic technique.
AB  - In these times of rapid advances in radiographic imaging, intravenous urography
      should be performed in an optimal way. The urographic examination should involve
      consultation between the referring physician and the radiologist. Necessary
      patient information should be accessible. McClennan said "patient selection for
      urographic studies should be efficacious with the radiologist exerting
      appropriate control so that the urogram is truly a consultative imaging service
      integrated into the total patient management." We share this view, and it is an
      extension of the philosophy of practice emphasized by other leaders in
      uroradiology. Cost containment, new imaging technologies, risk/benefit
      considerations, and evolving patterns of patient care have had a significant
      influence on genitourinary tract imaging. In addition, current debate about
      contrast media, digital radiography, efficacy, and utilization will undoubtedly
      have an influence on imaging during the next decade. Utilization of intravenous
      urography has decreased significantly in the past 15 years. Our volume of
      examinations has declined approximately 50% since 1970. This decline in our
      practice is attributed to several complex factors such as previous
      overutilization of screening urography for hypertension; the impact of US and CT
      for evaluation of obstruction, retroperitoneal disease (adenopathy and fibrosis),
      renal failure, and renal masses; concern about contrast medium-induced renal
      failure; and fewer repeat studies because of improved quality of intravenous
      urography in general radiology practice. In addition, overutilization of
      urography in patients with hematuria, prostatism, history of urinary tract
      infection, etc, continues to be debated in the medical community. In our
      integrated group practice, we have also observed overutilization of "high-tech"
      procedures in lieu of urography for evaluation of suspected urinary tract
      disease. Swings of the pendulum are inevitable in diagnostic imaging because of
      evolving technology and the art of medical practice. Although some differences of
      opinion about the details of urographic technique and indications for urography
      may exist, most would agree on the philosophy of producing a high-quality
      urographic examination. That philosophy focuses on producing the highest quality
      examination in each patient so that a diagnosis of normal or abnormal can be made
      accurately and confidently. Failure to demonstrate the entire urinary tract is a
      common cause of diagnostic error and one that can largely be eliminated by
      careful attention to the technical details of the examination.

PMID- 3363118
TI  - Intravascular contrast media: effect of dose on renal function.
AB  - Effect of contrast material dose on clinically evident change in renal function
      was studied prospectively in 200 examinations requiring intravenous or
      intraarterial administration of contrast material. All patients were adequately
      hydrated. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured before and after
      the procedure. Ionic and nonionic contrast agents were used. Total dose of
      contrast material ranged from 30 to 530 mL (mean, 237 mL). There was no tendency
      to give smaller doses to patients with preexisting renal impairment and no
      relationship between total dose and patient age. No consistent clinical effect on
      renal function was demonstrated with increasing dose, regardless of whether ionic
      or nonionic agents were used. In adequately hydrated low-risk patients with
      predominantly normal initial renal function and within the dose range studied,
      there does not appear to be any consistent clinical change in renal function with
      increasing contrast material dose.

PMID- 3363119
TI  - Synchronous and metachronous transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract:
      prevalence, incidence, and radiographic detection.
AB  - Six hundred forty-five cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder,
      ureter, and/or kidney were reviewed retrospectively to determine the frequency of
      synchronous and metachronous lesions elsewhere in the urinary tract. Among 597
      patients with TCC of the bladder, 23 (3.9%) developed an upper-tract lesion,
      after an average delay of 61 months. Metachronous upper-tract tumors developed in
      13% of 38 patients with primary ureteral TCC and in 11% of 63 with renal TCC,
      after average delays of 28 and 22 months, respectively. Synchronous TCC was found
      in 2.3% of patients with bladder TCC, 39% of those with ureteral TCC, and 24% of
      those with renal TCC. Seventeen percent of the subsequent upper-tract lesions
      would have been demonstrated by intravenous or retrograde urography performed 1
      year after the initial onset of primary bladder cancer, and 61% would have been
      demonstrated by studies performed within 2 years. Therefore, the authors
      recommend annual radiologic evaluation of the upper urinary tract for 2 years
      after initial diagnosis and treatment of an upper-tract or bladder TCC.

PMID- 3363120
TI  - Hodgkin disease: CT of the thymus.
AB  - The computed tomography (CT) scans in two groups of patients with Hodgkin disease
      were reviewed to determine the frequency of thymic enlargement. In 50 CT scans
      from 50 patients with evidence of thoracic disease on CT scans who were examined
      for primary staging, the thymus was enlarged in 15 of 50 (30%). Fifty CT scans
      were obtained from 44 patients at the time of 50 separate episodes of known or
      suspected relapse. Relapse occurred in the mediastinum in 12 episodes, lung
      parenchyma in five, and both sites in one. Thymic enlargement thought to be due
      to involvement by disease was present in seven of 18 (38%). Mediastinal disease
      was associated with thymic enlargement in all but one patient in whom a thymic
      cyst developed after radiation therapy. Differentiation of thymic enlargement
      from enlarged superior mediastinal lymph nodes was easily made in all but two
      patients. Thymic enlargement in the absence of lymph node enlargement may
      indicate a different disease, since isolated Hodgkin disease of the thymus is
      uncommon. Primary thymic tumor should be considered initially, whereas after
      treatment, rebound hyperplasia of the thymus may be the cause of enlargement.

PMID- 3363121
TI  - Illusory consolidation of the left lower lobe: a pitfall of portable radiography.
AB  - The definition of the left hemidiaphragm is frequently lost when patients are
      evaluated with portable radiographic equipment. Experimental evidence, based on
      results of radiography and subsequent sagittal sectioning of a frozen, unembalmed
      human thorax, corroborated the authors' hypothesis that this finding is related
      to loss of tangential imaging of the apex of the hemidiaphragm due to cephalic
      angulation of the central beam accompanied by projection of extrapleural fat onto
      the base of the left lung. In eight of ten patients in whom portable radiography
      was performed in 10 degrees-15 degrees of lordosis, varying degrees of loss of
      definition of the left hemidiaphragm were seen, in the absence of disease. This
      potential pitfall can be avoided by ensuring that the central beam is tangent to
      the hemidiaphragm. To do otherwise can create the false impression of disease in
      the left lower lobe, pleural space, or both.

PMID- 3363122
TI  - Subtle lung cancers: impact of edge enhancement and gray scale reversal on
      detection with digitized chest radiographs.
AB  - The authors studied the impact of edge enhancement and gray scale polarity
      reversal on the detection of subtle lung cancers. Three experienced readers
      reviewed 46 biopsy-proved subtle lung cancers and 46 normal controls on chest
      radiographs that had been digitized into a 1,024 X 1,536-pixel matrix 8 bits
      deep. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of 1,656 pooled
      observations indicated that performance was best with the unmodified images (ROC
      area = 0.83), degraded by moderate enhancement of medium frequencies (ROC area =
      0.80), and markedly impaired by severe enhancement of low frequencies (ROC area =
      0.69). Gray scale polarity reversal further degraded performance (unenhanced ROC
      area = 0.74; moderately enhanced ROC area = 0.76; severely enhanced ROC area =
      0.76). The authors conclude that edge enhancement and gray scale polarity
      reversal can impair the detectability of subtle lung cancers on digitized
      radiographs of medium resolution.

PMID- 3363123
TI  - Does preoperative needle localization lead to an increase in local breast cancer
      recurrence?
AB  - Between 1978 and 1981, 74 women with nonpalpable breast cancer underwent surgery
      after localization guides were placed. In 72 patients, guides were introduced
      parallel to the chest wall; in two the needle was positioned anteroposteriorly
      under computed tomographic guidance. Fifty-six cases (76%) were infiltrating
      cancer; 13 (17%), intraductal cancers; two (3%), inflammatory; and three (4%),
      lobular carcinoma in situ. Surgery was not used to treat the latter five
      patients. In the remaining 69 women, 42 (61%) were treated by means of modified
      radical mastectomy; six (9%), total mastectomy; 12 (17%), local excision and
      radiation therapy; and seven (10%), local excision alone; exact therapy for two
      women (3%) was unknown. At a minimum follow-up of 5 years, none of the 67 women
      in whom the parallel approach was used had a local recurrence. The authors
      conclude that preoperative placement of guides parallel to the chest wall does
      not appear to increase the risk of local breast cancer recurrence.

PMID- 3363124
TI  - Villous tumor of the colon: correlation of histologic, macroscopic, and
      radiographic features.
AB  - Forty-six patients with villous or tubulovillous tumors of the colon were
      examined to study the correlation between histologic and macroscopic or
      radiographic features and to define more accurately villous tumors of the colon.
      There was good correlation between the histologic and macroscopic or radiographic
      features. As villous elements became more prominent on histologic studies, the
      macroscopic appearance was more villous and granular but less nodular on the
      surface. Reticular and/or granular patterns with a feathery margin were more
      frequently seen on radiographs in cases of dominant villous elements. The
      macroscopic and radiographic characteristics of villous tumor frequently appeared
      when villous elements composed over 75% of the whole tumor on histologic studies.
      The authors propose that villous tumor of the colon can be accurately diagnosed
      when villous elements compose over 75% of the tumor.

PMID- 3363125
TI  - Liver metastases: optimization of MR imaging pulse sequences at 1.0 T.
AB  - Twenty patients with known liver metastases were examined with magnetic resonance
      imaging; four different pulse sequences were used and six different images were
      produced to allow comparison of pulse sequence performance at a 1.0-T field
      strength. Pulse sequence performance was in each case calculated by measuring
      contrast-to-noise ratios (C/N) comparing normal liver, metastatic tumors to
      liver, and background noise. All pulse sequences required approximately the same
      length of time for data acquisition. Short inversion time inversion-recovery
      (STIR) sequences yielded the greatest signal difference-to-noise ratio in 17
      patients. Phase contrast images produced the greatest contrast ratio in three
      patients. Although short TR, short TE spin-echo sequences provided the best
      anatomic detail, in no patient did this sequence yield the greatest signal
      difference-to-noise ratio in the comparison of liver and tumor. Differences in
      field strength and in equipment software and hardware may account for the
      discrepancy between our findings and previously published data.

PMID- 3363126
TI  - Esophageal strictures: balloon dilation.
AB  - One hundred seventy transnasal balloon catheter dilation procedures were
      performed in 35 patients with esophageal strictures to assess the efficacy and
      safety of the procedure. On the average, five dilations were required per
      patient. Depending on the cause of the esophageal stricture, success rates for
      the technique ranged from 67% to 87%, with success defined as the resolution of
      dysphagia to both fluids and solids. Three complications, all perforations, were
      seen; one perforation required surgical repair. No procedure-related deaths were
      identified in this series. Balloon catheter dilation can be safely applied to
      esophageal strictures from a variety of causes, with a high degree of clinical
      success.

PMID- 3363127
TI  - The anterior junction line: a radiographic sign of bilateral pneumothorax in
      neonates.
AB  - The anterior junction line is a normal anatomic landmark on chest radiographs of
      healthy adults and older children caused by the visceral and parietal pleurae of
      the two lungs meeting anteriorly at the midline. It is not seen on chest
      radiographs of healthy infants. When this sign is identified on the supine
      frontal view of a neonate, it signifies bilateral pneumothorax. In this situation
      the line is formed by the meeting of the medial parietal pleurae on each side as
      they herniate anteriorly in front of the thymus and heart. The sign is best seen
      when the patient is rotated slightly to the left. It is not seen when there is
      unilateral pneumothorax or a concomitant pneumomediastinum. Although the anterior
      junction line is not a highly sensitive indicator of bilateral pneumothorax, it
      is highly specific and its recognition can promote faster diagnosis.

PMID- 3363128
TI  - Cow's milk protein/soy protein allergy: gastrointestinal imaging.
AB  - Positive radiologic findings were identified in the small and large bowels in
      three infants with various gastrointestinal manifestations of cow's milk
      protein/soy protein allergy, which was diagnosed on the basis of clinical
      features and histologic findings. Small bowel findings were thickened valvulae
      conniventes (plicae circulares), a ribbon-like ileum, and a thickened bowel wall.
      Narrowing, thumbprinting, and spasm were seen in the large bowel. These cases
      were seen at intervals far enough apart to exclude an endemic infection. The
      diagnosis of food protein allergy should be considered when diffuse small bowel
      disease or colitis is identified in an infant.

PMID- 3363129
TI  - Coronary artery aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease: diagnosis with ultrafast CT.
AB  - Coronary artery aneurysms are the most serious complication of Kawasaki disease,
      and periodic screening examinations are necessary. Two-dimensional (2D)
      echocardiography represents the standard screening method; however, visualization
      of the distal coronary arteries is often limited. This report describes the
      complementary role of ultrafast computed tomography (CT) with 2D echocardiography
      in the evaluation of coronary artery aneurysms resulting from Kawasaki disease
      (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). Six pediatric patients with coronary
      aneurysms were examined with 2D echocardiography and ultrafast CT. Ten of 11
      lesions were detected with ultrafast CT. The one missed coronary artery aneurysm
      was one of two contiguous aneurysms. Because of intersection thickness these two
      discrete aneurysms were interpreted as a solitary aneurysm. Ultrafast CT allowed
      detection of one aneurysm not initially visualized with echocardiography. In
      conclusion, ultrafast CT was found to be an effective complementary procedure
      with 2D echocardiography for noninvasively evaluating coronary artery aneurysms
      occurring as sequelae of Kawasaki disease.

PMID- 3363130
TI  - Superior vena cava syndrome associated with massive thrombosis: treatment with
      expandable wire stents.
AB  - Two patients with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) associated with massive
      thrombosis were treated by means of local thrombolytic therapy and placement of
      modified Gianturco expandable wire stents. Treatment resulted in complete
      resolution of the SVCS symptoms. The combination of local thrombolytic therapy
      and stent placement allows a more aggressive approach to treatment of SVCS and
      provides longer-term palliation of symptoms even for patients with later stages
      of the disease.

PMID- 3363131
TI  - Lymphedema: evaluation of qualitative and quantitative lymphoscintigraphy in 238
      patients.
AB  - Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 128 patients with primary lymphedema, in 91
      patients with secondary lymphedema, and in 19 healthy volunteers. A total of 457
      extremities were examined. Technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin was
      injected subcutaneously, and passive muscular exercise was standardized to reduce
      the variability of lymphatic function. The scintigrams were analyzed for
      visualization of lymph vessels and lymph nodes, dilatation of lymphatic vessels,
      existence of collateral vessels, and dermal backflow. With this qualitative
      interpretation alone, the diagnosis of lymphedema was established in 216 of 308
      extremities (70.1%). Quantitative parameters derived from clearance data showed
      abnormal lymphatic function in all 308 extremities. Whereas qualitative
      lymphoscintigraphy allows the characterization of lymphatic morphology,
      quantitative lymphoscintigraphy is very accurate in detection of incipient
      lymphedema.

PMID- 3363132
TI  - Right ventricular tardokinesis in cardiac contusion: a new observation on phase
      images.
AB  - The usefulness of gated blood pool (GBP) scintigraphy in evaluating cardiac
      contusion among trauma patients was examined. In ten of 62 patients who sustained
      blunt chest trauma, phase images of GBP studies demonstrated delayed onset of
      right ventricular (RV) contractions (RV tardokinesis). Clinical charts of these
      ten patients were reviewed to determine the significance of this finding. Only
      one had no supportive evidence of cardiac injury. Four patients were determined
      to have clinically significant cardiac contusion on the basis of the occurrence
      of arrhythmias of cardiac failure during their hospital course. These patients
      had ventricular histogram widths greater than 30 degrees of the entire cardiac
      cycle at half maximum height and had a bifid peak in their ventricular
      contraction histograms. Of the 52 patients who did not have RV tardokinesis, only
      one had a clinically significant cardiac contusion, resulting in a false-negative
      rate of 2% for the test. This new observation of RV tardokinesis may be
      clinically useful in establishing the difficult diagnosis of cardiac contusion.

PMID- 3363133
TI  - Quantitative coronary arteriography: design and validation.
AB  - The authors assessed the performance of an automatic and rapid coronary
      quantification method by evaluating its accuracy in a stenosis phantom.
      Measurements were obtained with a lucite phantom with 2-, 3-, and 4-mm vessel
      diameters and concentric stenoses of 33%, 50%, 67%, and 75%. Direct digital
      angiographic images as well as 10 X 10 spot films and 35-mm cine angiography
      films were acquired with and without structural noise and mask subtraction. The
      films were digitized with magnification factors of one and two. An interactive
      analysis program was used to automatically determine the vessel edges with a
      Gaussian fit to the cross-sectional density profiles perpendicular to the center
      line of the vessel. Relative changes of the densitometric cross-sectional area
      along the vessel were used to assess the percentage of stenosis. Densitometric
      measurements were comparable in both digital and cine angiograms (r = .99 and r =
      .98, respectively); however, diameter measurements showed a higher variability
      and were dependent on the amount of magnification applied to the images.

PMID- 3363134
TI  - Occult intraosseous fracture: detection with MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance (MR) images were retrospectively evaluated in eight patients
      who had recent, symptomatic knee injuries and in whom plain radiographs showed no
      fractures. T2-weighted images revealed irregular, intraosseous areas of high
      signal intensity; T1-weighted and proton density images revealed speckled or
      linear regions of low signal intensity in corresponding areas. In the seven
      patients whose injuries did not result from direct contusion, abnormalities
      occurred in subchondral locations. Two patients underwent bone scintigraphy,
      which showed increased activity in locations corresponding to areas of
      abnormality noted on MR images. Two patients underwent follow-up MR imaging at 6
      weeks and 3 months, which showed complete resolution of the abnormalities. The
      authors speculate that the MR imaging findings represent microscopic compression
      fracture of trabecular bone and discuss the related entity, stress fracture.

PMID- 3363135
TI  - Transient osteoporosis of the hip: MR imaging.
AB  - Three patients with transient osteoporosis of the hip underwent magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging. MR images showed decreased signal intensity of bone
      marrow in the femur on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity relative
      to the intensity of normal bone marrow on T2-weighted images. Joint effusions
      were seen on MR images of all patients on T2-weighted images. The findings on MR
      images concurred with histologic findings, such as increased bone turnover and
      mild inflammatory reaction, in one patient. The clinical symptoms and
      abnormalities on MR images regressed completely within 6-10 months. Familiarity
      with the distinct features of transient osteoporosis on MR images may be
      important in the differential diagnosis of adults with hip pain.

PMID- 3363136
TI  - Transient osteoporosis: transient bone marrow edema?
AB  - Ten patients with debilitating hip or knee pain were examined with magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging. All had conventional radiographs that were either normal
      or showed nonspecific osteopenia. Nine patients had bone scintigrams that showed
      focal increased radionuclide uptake in the region of the painful joint. In each
      case, MR images of the affected joint showed regional decreased signal intensity
      of the bone marrow on T1-weighted images and increased signal intensity on T2
      weighted images. Biopsy results of four patients excluded ischemic necrosis and
      metastases. The symptoms resolved spontaneously in all cases. The ten patients
      were followed up for 12-36 months, and there were no recurrences. The authors
      believe that the findings on MR images represent a transient increase in bone
      marrow water content. The focal findings on scintigrams confirmed the
      periarticular distribution of the process and provided evidence of accompanying
      hyperemia and increased bone mineral metabolism. For lack of a better term and to
      emphasize the generic character of the condition, the authors termed this
      condition "the transient marrow edema syndrome."

PMID- 3363137
TI  - Spondyloarthropathy from long-term hemodialysis.
AB  - Twenty-six patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis who had hand and wrist
      abnormalities were examined for the presence of concurrent spinal disease. Six
      patients (23%) were found to have spinal disease on radiographs. In four, the
      findings resembled those of a destructive spondyloarthropathy, and in two, a less
      destructive erosive arthritis. A review of the spinal radiographs of 31 patients
      with normal hands and wrists revealed no such abnormalities. Postmortem
      examinations of two patients with spondyloarthropathy demonstrated extensive
      deposition of beta-2 microglobulin, an amyloid-like substance. The authors
      conclude that the disease is similar in both areas and represents a skeletal
      response to chronic renal failure and long-term hemodialysis. The disease may
      occur more frequently with an increased duration of hemodialysis, in one area of
      the skeleton if another area is already affected, and is probably not infectious
      if multiple areas are involved.

PMID- 3363138
TI  - Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci of the knee: MR imaging
      evaluation.
AB  - In 242 of 3,000 patients who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the
      knee between September 1986 and August 1987, original MR imaging reports were
      compared with subsequent arthroscopic reports to determine the value of MR
      imaging in the evaluation of suspected meniscal and complete tears of the
      anterior cruciate ligament. The overall accuracy for the menisci was 93%
      (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 91%) with a false-negative rate of 4.8%. For the
      anterior cruciate ligament the overall accuracy was 95%. T2-weighted sequences
      were associated with greater sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy than were T1
      sequences; the false-negative rate was 0% in the T2-weighted group. MR imaging of
      the knee is an extremely accurate means for noninvasive assessment of the
      integrity of the menisci and anterior cruciate ligament, and the accuracy exceeds
      that usually reported for arthrography.

PMID- 3363139
TI  - Pitfalls in MR imaging of the knee.
AB  - Discrepancies between the findings of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and those
      of arthroscopy were reviewed retrospectively in 52 knee examinations. Some of the
      discrepancies between MR imaging and arthroscopy were caused by errors in
      interpretation of MR images due to normal structures that mimicked meniscal
      tears. The transverse ligament and the lateral inferior genicular artery can
      produce the appearance of tears in the anterior horns of the medial and lateral
      menisci, respectively. The popliteus tendon may be mistaken for a tear in the
      posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The normal concavity at the outer edge of
      the meniscus can create a volume-averaging artifact, which mimics a horizontal
      tear in the meniscus. Tears of the meniscus and separations of the meniscus from
      the joint capsule were not seen or were underestimated when the tears were
      oriented parallel to the plane of the image. An awareness of these pitfalls may
      improve the accuracy of the interpretation of MR images of the knee.

PMID- 3363140
TI  - Musculoskeletal tumors: T1 and T2 relaxation times.
AB  - The T1 and T2 relaxation times of primary tumors of the musculoskeletal system
      were calculated in 54 patients. No correlation was found between the relaxation
      values and the histopathologic type of the tumors. Lipoma had the same relaxation
      characteristics as normal fat. Otherwise tumors could be differentiated from
      normal tissue, but there was no significant difference between malignant and
      benign tumors, and the mean values for the different histopathologic types
      differed significantly only in a few instances. Hence T1 and T2 measurements are
      of limited value for histologic characterization of musculoskeletal tumors.

PMID- 3363142
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: similarity of radiographic abnormalities in men and women.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that there are significant differences in the radiographic
      appearance of rheumatoid arthritis between men and women, the authors blindly
      evaluated bilateral hand and wrist radiographs in 32 men with definite rheumatoid
      arthritis and 32 age- and disease duration-matched women (mean age, 56.4 years;
      mean disease duration, 10.5 years). Radiographically, disease distribution and
      severity were identical in these matched groups. Superimposed osteoarthritis was
      frequent in both groups and related to age. Ill-defined bone proliferation was
      present in 13 of 64 hands in both groups. Cystic changes and well-defined
      erosions were present in 12 of 64 male hands and six of 64 female hands, but this
      difference was not statistically significant. In women, presence of cysts and
      bone proliferation was related to disease duration, whereas men exhibited these
      atypical features independent of disease duration. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the frequencies of typical and atypical features of
      rheumatoid arthritis between the two sexes, and the authors postulate that
      previously reported differences relate to patient selection and lack of adequate
      matching.

PMID- 3363141
TI  - Effect of collagen on bone mineral analysis with CT.
AB  - Single-energy and dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (CT) techniques
      were used to analyze test solutions that contained agar, K2HPO4, and isopropanol,
      which stimulated collagen, mineral, and fat, respectively. The impact of the use
      of peripheral and anthropomorphic (central) calibration phantoms was also
      studied. A 10% change in fat content was found to cause errors in the estimated
      bone mineral content of -10 mg/mL, -14 mg/mL, and -1 mg/mL for single-energy CT
      at 80 kVp, single-energy CT at 140 kVp, and dual-energy CT, respectively. In the
      K2HPO4 solutions, the addition of 50 mg/mL agar increased the estimated bone
      mineral content by 20-33 mg/mL for single-energy CT, and by 12-17 mg/mL for dual
      energy CT. The best estimates were obtained with central calibration and dual
      energy CT, but the estimates were still 14%-24% greater than the true values.
      Calibration samples that more accurately simulate actual spongiosa may reduce
      this source of error. Caution should be exercised in the use of quantitative CT
      under conditions in which either the bone marrow or collagen content is altered
      by disease or therapy.

PMID- 3363143
TI  - Quadrilateral space syndrome: a rare cause of shoulder pain.
AB  - The authors report a case of quadrilateral space syndrome in a baseball pitcher.
      The diagnosis was made by means of subclavian arteriography performed with the
      arm in abduction and external rotation. This entity is a rare cause of shoulder
      pain caused by occlusion of the posterior humeral circumflex artery in the
      quadrilateral space.

PMID- 3363144
TI  - Longitudinal stress fractures of the tibia: diagnosis with CT.
AB  - In most cases, the diagnosis of stress fracture is straightforward with a history
      of physical activity; characteristic pain in a specific site; and plain
      radiographs that show sclerosis, periosteal or endosteal reaction, no
      abnormalities, or, rarely, a fracture. However, when any of the features above
      are atypical, further study is warranted. Most stress fractures of the tibia are
      transverse or oblique and involve the mid or proximal shaft. Two cases are
      presented in which the fracture line was seen on computed tomography scans as
      coursing longitudinally down the shaft of the distal tibia, which, to my
      knowledge, is an orientation and location not previously described in the
      literature.

PMID- 3363145
TI  - Sinonasal tumors and inflammatory tissues: differentiation with MR imaging.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) images of 53 patients
      with sinonasal tumors were analyzed and compared for accuracy in tumor mapping.
      the findings were confirmed by means of either surgery or biopsy. The MR images
      of 60 patients with inflammatory disease were also studied, and the findings were
      confirmed at surgery. Forty-seven additional MR images were also examined of
      patients with tumors showing histologic characteristics similar to those found in
      the sinonasal tumor group but occurring elsewhere in the head and neck, excluding
      the orbit. This study concludes that nearly 95% of sinonasal tumors have an
      intermediate T2 signal, while only 5% have bright T2 signals. This small latter
      group is composed almost exclusively of some minor salivary gland tumors and some
      neuromas. The inflammatory tissues all had bright T2 signals. The distinction
      between sinonasal tumors and inflammatory tissues was best accomplished with T2
      weighted studies, and MR imaging was more accurate than CT.

PMID- 3363146
TI  - Corneal temperature changes induced by high-field-strength MR imaging with a head
      coil.
AB  - High-field-strength/high-frequency magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems can
      cause tissue heating. Since the eye is particularly susceptible to temperature
      elevations because of its relatively poor blood supply, the authors measured
      corneal temperatures in 33 patients immediately before and after MR imaging
      performed with a 1.5-T (64-MHz) imager and a transmit/receive head coil at
      estimated peak specific absorption rates (SAR) ranging from 2.54 to 3.05 W/kg.
      There was a statistically (P less than .001) significant increase in the average
      corneal temperature (32.7 degrees C +/- 0.7 before imaging, 33.2 degrees C +/-
      0.5 after). The changes in corneal temperature ranged from 0.0 degrees C to 1.8
      degrees C (mean, 0.5 degrees C), and the highest corneal temperature measured
      after imaging was 34.4 degrees C. In animal models, the eye temperature threshold
      for radio frequency-induced cataractogenesis is between 41 degrees C and 55
      degrees C. The authors conclude that clinical MR imaging with use of a head coil
      at the SARs studied causes relatively minor increases in corneal temperature that
      do not appear to pose any thermal hazard to ocular tissue.

PMID- 3363147
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid: detection of tumors and disk herniations with MR
      spectroscopy.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 84 patients with confirmed or suspected
      diseases of the central nervous system were studied with hydrogen-1 magnetic
      resonance (MR) spectroscopy. In 19 of the patients, clinical chemical tests of
      the CSF indicated normal protein contents and normal quantities of cells; these
      samples were used as controls. Preliminary results indicate that tumors may be
      reflected in the MR spectra of CSF; disk herniations could not be distinguished
      on the basis of the MR spectral characteristics.

PMID- 3363148
TI  - Meningeal carcinomatosis in the VX2 rabbit tumor model: detection with Gd-DTPA
      enhanced MR imaging.
AB  - Meningeal carcinomatosis developed in 14 of 14 New Zealand White rabbits after
      infusion of a VX2 tumor cell suspension into the cisterna magna. All died or were
      killed 7-15 days after inoculation. Within days of the tumor infusion, magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)
      at 0.5 or 1.5 T demonstrated enhancement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      secondary to disruption of the blood-CSF barrier by plaquelike lesions along the
      meninges. Eventually, meningeal enhancement was observed along the base of the
      brain and cervical spine. Quantitative assessment of the contrast enhancement on
      T1-weighted images revealed an increase in mean signal intensity of 213% +/-
      130%. Contrast enhancement was not observed in four control animals who received
      an infusion of cell culture medium. These results demonstrate in an animal model
      that contrast material-enhanced MR imaging can be used to detect meningeal
      carcinomatosis by revealing breakdown of the blood-CSF barrier.

PMID- 3363149
TI  - MR imaging section profile optimization: improved contrast and detection of
      lesions.
AB  - A computer-optimized radio-frequency (RF) pulse for sharper section definition
      was implemented for T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the head.
      Twenty-four patients underwent MR imaging with this technique and also with a
      conventional spin-echo technique with a sinc pulse filtered with a Hamming
      window. The contrast between gray and white matter improved 20%-40%, depending on
      the echo time. In ten patients with multiple sclerosis, use of the computer
      optimized RF pulse resulted in detection of 37% more lesions, and power
      deposition was reduced by 36%. The computer-optimized RF pulse improved image
      contrast and lesion detection.

PMID- 3363150
TI  - Switched surface coil system for bilateral MR imaging.
AB  - A method is presented for acquiring magnetic resonance (MR) images in parallel
      from both members of a pair of organs, such as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ),
      with use of two surface coil receivers. Interleaved sagittal sections are broken
      into two groups, one on each side of the head, and the MR receiver is toggled
      between the two coils. The surface coil that is not receiving at a given time is
      decoupled from the other surface coil by the active gating of a diode blocking
      network located across the coil input. This method produces effective decoupling
      independent of coil loading and positioning and makes it possible to use the same
      surface coils already employed for single-coil MR reception. Clinical application
      in 95 patients (190 joints) with symptoms of internal derangement of the TMJ
      demonstrated a 24% average decrease in total patient examination time, even after
      the addition of coronal imaging to the procedure. In no case was there a
      sacrifice in diagnostic quality.

PMID- 3363151
TI  - Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: histologic clearance with
      combined 5-FU chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Preliminary results of a
      bladder-preservation study.
AB  - Fourteen patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were
      treated with 4,000 cGy of pelvic irradiation concurrent with two 96-hour
      infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Three weeks after completion of this regimen,
      patients underwent repeat cystoscopy and deep-muscle biopsy at the site of their
      original neoplasms. Eight of 14 (57%) had no tumor left in the biopsy specimen,
      and they received an additional course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to a
      total dose of 4,400 cGy to the pelvis and 6,000 cGy to the bladder. Five of the
      14 had residual tumor in the biopsy specimen (one did not undergo biopsy) and
      went on to planned cystectomy. Two of the five had no tumor in the cystectomy
      specimen. Overall, ten of the 14 patients (71%) have been downstaged to a
      condition of P0 (no tumor) following 4,000 cGy and two courses of 5-FU. Of eight
      patients with retained bladders, seven remain well at a median follow-up of 7
      months. At a range of follow-up of 3-21 months and a median of 7 months, 13 of 14
      patients remain tumor-free. This regimen results in a greater percentage of
      downstaging than conventional irradiation alone, and may allow bladder
      preservation for those with radiation therapy- and chemotherapy-responsive
      tumors.

PMID- 3363152
TI  - Radiology reports: assessment of a 5,000-word speech recognizer.
AB  - A prototype 5,000-word recognizer for the generation of radiologic reports by
      voice entry was evaluated. The system had a capacity sufficient enough to include
      all radiologic examinations and all desired words in one lexicon. The lack of
      such a capacity had been identified as a major limitation of a 1,000-word system
      previously evaluated. Overall reliability in word recognition was 98%. The device
      may be widely applicable for use in any radiology practice.

PMID- 3363153
TI  - Diagnostic radiology usage in ambulatory and hospital care.
AB  - Data from a nationwide survey of physicians show that there were a total of 214
      million medical radiologic examinations performed in the United States in 1977,
      or just under one for each member of the resident population. Approximately 58%
      of these procedures were performed in ambulatory patients (including those in
      hospital outpatient departments) and 42% were in hospitalized patients. Data for
      the number of visits with (single or multiple) radiologic examinations produced
      an estimate of 184 million annual visits with one or more diagnostic radiographs.
      These estimates provide a comprehensive measure of national use of diagnostic
      radiology at the time the data were collected, as well as a basis of comparison
      for analyses of contemporary patterns of utilization of radiologic procedures.

PMID- 3363154
TI  - Temporomandibular joint: multislab, three-dimensional Fourier transformation MR
      imaging.
AB  - High-resolution three-dimensional Fourier transformation (3DFT) multislab
      acquisitions and a specially designed counter-rotating loop surface coil were
      used to increase the quality and clinical efficacy of imaging of the
      temporomandibular joint. The results were compared with those of 2D multisection
      imaging. Multislab 3DFT magnetic resonance imaging combines the advantages of
      volume imaging for viewing small structures and the clinical efficiency of 2DFT
      multisection acquisitions. A 3DFT multislab acquisition, coupled with a specially
      designed coil, yields two slabs of 16 sections each. The thin-section 3D imaging
      method facilitates the diagnosis of medially and laterally displaced disks and
      allows a bilateral examination.

PMID- 3363155
TI  - Curved guide wire for percutaneous pulmonary angiography.
AB  - A curved, tapered, solid-core, movable J guide wire was developed for use in
      percutaneous transfemoral pulmonary angiography. The guide wire was used in 30
      patients and, compared with other techniques, greatly reduced the time required
      to pass the catheter through the right side of the heart. No complications
      occurred, and only occasional premature ventricular contractions were detected.

PMID- 3363156
TI  - Cow's milk protein/soy protein allergy: gastrointestinal imaging.

PMID- 3363157
TI  - MR imaging of medullary bone.

PMID- 3363158
TI  - Villous adenomas: the scientific and the practical.

PMID- 3363159
TI  - Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

PMID- 3363160
TI  - Double cortical line in the acetabular roof: a sign of disuse osteoporosis.

PMID- 3363162
TI  - CT of the brain is alive and well.

PMID- 3363161
TI  - Thoracic disk herniation: MR imaging.

PMID- 3363163
TI  - Sialic acid in platelets of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - 1. Nerve cell membrane sialic acid is involved in the activity of nervous tissue
      by its capacity to bind Ca ions and positively charged biogenic amines. 2. Blood
      platelets may serve as a model for amine-storing neurons. 3. The purpose of the
      present study was to determine the sialic acid content of platelets of
      schizophrenic patients in view of reports showing a reduced serotonin uptake by
      their platelets. 4. To this end platelets were isolated from the blood of 26
      schizophrenic patients (13 males and 13 females) of various diagnostic subtypes
      and from 21 healthy subjects, and sialic acid was determined after hydrolysis at
      80 degrees for 1 h in 0.1 NHCl. 5. The results showed significantly lower
      contents of sialic acid in the patients as compared to controls calculated both
      per 10(8) cells and per mg protein (18% and 25% lower, respectively) and appear
      to be in line with the reduced serotonin uptake in their cells in schizophrenia.
      6. There were no appreciable differences between sexes and between the various
      subtypes of this disease.

PMID- 3363164
TI  - Fading of therapeutic effects of alprazolam in agoraphobia. Case reports.
AB  - 1. A decrease in therapeutic effects of alprazolam after an initial good response
      is described in three patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia. 2.
      The possibility of fading of therapeutic effects of alprazolam (defined as a
      progressive decrease of therapeutic effects refractory to dosage increase, after
      non-immediate symptomatic improvement) in such cases is discussed. 3. Fading may
      not be apparent from large scale controlled studies with alprazolam, since its
      detection requires a prolonged time of observation and a specific design.

PMID- 3363165
TI  - Behavioural and neuropharmacological properties of the dibenzazepines,
      desipramine and lofepramine: studies on the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of
      depression.
AB  - 1. Lofepramine was compared with its major desipramine for its effects on
      adaptation to novel objects in the home cage (neophobia) and exploratory
      behaviours in both sham operated and olfactory bulbectomized rats. 2. In the test
      for neophobia (marble burying), the aversive response of bulbectomized rats
      differed from that of the sham operated animals, the bulbectomized rats showing a
      diminished aversive response. This response was unaffected by either
      antidepressant. 3. Of two tests for exploratory activity, the "open field" test
      clearly differentiated the bulbectomized rats treated with desipramine from those
      treated with lofepramine. In the lower doses used (1 and 10 mg/kg), only
      desipramine treatment significantly attenuated the hypermotility of the
      bulbectomized rats. In high doses (30 mg/kg), lofepramine also attenuated the
      hypermotility of the bulbectomized rats; this could have been due to the presence
      of high concentrations of the desipramine metabolite. In a non-stressful novel
      environment ('hole board'), neither drug significantly affected the behaviour of
      sham operated or olfactory bulbectomized rats. Neither antidepressant had
      noticeable anticholinergic properties as indicated by the number of faecal boli
      deposited. 4. Acute clonidine administration was found to attenuate the activity
      of rats in the 'open field' apparatus. This effect was attenuated following the
      chronic administration of desipramine but not lofepramine. It may be concluded
      that the pharmacological activity of lofepramine is independent of its metabolism
      to desipramine in vivo.

PMID- 3363166
TI  - Effect of brofaromine and pargyline on human plasma melatonin concentrations.
AB  - 1. Plasma melatonin was used to determine the influence of two monoamine oxidase
      inhibitor drugs in 11 normal subjects. 2. Acute oral administration of the
      selective reversible MAO-A inhibitor brofaromine but not of the - in low doses -
      selective MAO-B inhibitor pargyline increased daytime melatonin with large
      variations in onset, degree and duration. 3. Further investigation of this
      selective action on melatonin might help to better understand the action of the
      therapeutically effective antidepressive therapy with selective MAO-A inhibitors.

PMID- 3363167
TI  - Workshop of the EORTC Radiotherapy Group on quality assurance in cooperative
      trials of radiotherapy: a recommendation for EORTC Cooperative Groups.

PMID- 3363168
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the pharyngeal wall treated with irradiation.
AB  - This is an analysis of 74 patients with 75 squamous cell carcinomas of the
      pharyngeal wall treated with radical irradiation at the University of Florida
      between October 1964 and December 1984. All patients have a 2-year follow-up and
      69% have a minimum 5-year follow-up. All patients were treated with continuous
      course irradiation: 56 with once-a-day fractionation and 18 with twice-a-day
      fractionation. Patients treated with the split-course technique are not included
      in this series. Sixty-three patients were treated with external beam irradiation
      alone; 11 patients underwent an interstitial implant to the primary lesion
      following external beam irradiation. The local control rates with irradiation are
      as follows: T1, 3/4; T2, 12/21; T3, 12/27; and T4, 2/10. Only two patients were
      salvaged by operation for a local recurrence following irradiation. There was an
      improvement in the rate of local control with the use of twice-a-day
      fractionation and a decrease in the rate of local control with the combination of
      external beam irradiation and interstitial implant, compared with external beam
      irradiation alone. The 5-year determinate survival rates by AJCC stage are as
      follows: I, no data; II, 4/9; III, 3/16; and IV, 1/18.

PMID- 3363169
TI  - Long-term effect of internal mammary chain treatment. Results of a multivariate
      analysis of 1195 patients with operable breast cancer and positive axillary
      nodes.
AB  - A multivariate analysis on 1195 patients with operable breast cancer and
      histologically positive axillary nodes treated by mastectomy and complete
      axillary dissection at the Institut Gustave-Roussy between 1958 and 1978 suggests
      a beneficial effect of treatment of the internal mammary chain (IMC) on the risks
      of death and distant metastasis for the patients with medial tumors. For these
      patients, surgical IMC dissection and post-operative irradiation have similar
      effects on both the risk of death and of distant metastasis. For the patients
      with lateral tumors, no beneficial effect of the treatment of the IMC on these
      two risks was observed. Postoperative irradiation to the IMC, axilla, chest wall
      and supraclavicular nodes significantly decreases the risk of locoregional
      recurrences independent of the tumor site and surgical management of the lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 3363170
TI  - External beam radiotherapy alone or combined with high-dose-rate intracavitary
      irradiation in the treatment of cancer of the esophagus: autopsy findings in 35
      cases.
AB  - Autopsy findings of 35 patients, treated with radiotherapy for an esophageal
      carcinoma, were reviewed. A residual tumor was seen at autopsy in 7 of 16
      patients treated with high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation following external
      irradiation, in 13 of 14 patients treated with external irradiation of 50 Gy or
      more, and in all 5 patients treated with external irradiation of less than 50 Gy.
      Incidence on lymph node metastasis, at autopsy, did not differ between the
      combined radiotherapy group and the external irradiation groups. However, it
      correlated with disease stage. It was observed in 11 of 17 patients with Stage 1
      and Stage 2 disease, compared to 17 of 18 patients with Stage 3 and Stage 4
      disease. Distant organ metastasis, at autopsy, also did not differ between the
      combined radiotherapy group and the external irradiation groups, and was also
      correlated with disease stage. It was found in 8 of 17 patients of the patients
      with Stage 1 and Stage 2 disease, compared to all 18 patients with Stage 3 and
      Stage 4 disease. Mean (average) survival was different between the patients
      treated by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation following external
      irradiation and those treated by external irradiation alone; 11.3 months in the
      16 patients treated with combined therapy, as compared to 6.9 months in the 14
      patients who received external irradiation of 50 Gy or more, and 3.6 months in
      the 5 patients who received external irradiation of less than 50 Gy.

PMID- 3363171
TI  - Kinetics of repair: its influence in low dose rate irradiations.

PMID- 3363172
TI  - Effects of single doses of X-rays on renal function in the pig after the
      irradiation of both kidneys.
AB  - Irradiation of a single kidney in the pig with relatively low doses of X-rays, in
      the order of 8 Gy, produces a pronounced reduction in both glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF). This apparent high
      radiosensitivity may be due, in part, to the compensatory hypertrophy displayed
      by the contralateral unirradiated kidney. This could suppress any potential for
      recovery by the irradiated kidney. To test this hypothesis, both kidneys of 14
      week-old Large White pigs were sequentially irradiated with single doses of 250
      kV X-rays, in the range 8.8 to 12.6 Gy. Sequential measurements of individual
      kidney GFR and ERPF were made for periods up to 24 weeks after irradiation. Time
      related changes in haematocrit (Hct) were also studied. Two weeks after
      irradiation, GFR and ERPF increased markedly in all irradiated kidneys; levels
      then declined in a dose-dependent manner. Following a dose of 8.8 Gy renal
      haemodynamics returned to control values within 4 weeks of irradiation and
      remained essentially constant throughout the study. After higher doses, GFR and
      ERPF decreased markedly and remained below control values up to 24 weeks after
      irradiation. Associated with these changes in renal haemodynamics was a fall in
      Hct within 3 weeks of irradiation, with minimal levels being found approximately
      8 weeks after irradiation. Although there was some recovery between weeks 12 and
      24, Hct values remained below those of age-matched controls. At all doses the
      mean functional status of irradiated kidneys in animals in which both kidneys
      were irradiated (BI) was significantly greater than that previously observed in
      the irradiated kidney of pigs in which only one kidney was irradiated (UI).
      Moreover, in BI pigs there appeared to be a marked imbalance between the
      contribution each kidney makes to the total renal function. In terms of ERPF, the
      functional status of the right kidney, relative to that of the left kidney,
      showed a dose-related decline. These findings support the hypothesis that the
      compensatory response exhibited by the contralateral unirradiated kidney in UI
      pigs suppresses the potential for functional recovery by the irradiated kidney.
      The findings also indicate that individual kidneys in the same animal may differ
      in their response to a similar nephrotoxic insult.

PMID- 3363173
TI  - The response of the pig kidney to the combined effects of cisplatin and
      unilateral renal irradiation.
AB  - Seven mature Large White female pigs, approximately 10 months of age received a
      single dose of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), c-DDP (2.5 mg/kg body weight).
      Prior to, and 4 weeks after c-DDP administration, individual kidney glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were measured by
      [99mTc]DTPA and [131I]hippuran renography. Of the 5 pigs surviving the c-DDP
      treatment most exhibited a reduction in both GFR and ERPF; the mean reduction in
      GFR (36.2 +/- 18.9%) was more pronounced than that for ERPF (12.6 +/- 19.4%).
      However, the difference in the severity of the impairment in these two parameters
      was not significant (p greater than 0.55). Haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood
      cell counts were markedly reduced 14 days after c-DDP infusion, and despite some
      recovery evident 21 days after treatment, all three haematological parameters
      were still reduced 28 days after c-DDP administration. The right kidneys of these
      5 animals, plus 5 pigs which did not receive c-DDP, were irradiated with a single
      dose of 11.9 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays. Individual kidney GFR and ERPF was routinely
      measured up to 24 weeks after irradiation. Pigs in which only the right kidney
      was irradiated showed a marked increase in both GFR and ERPF values 2 weeks after
      irradiation. This was followed by a decline in function with a reduction of 50%
      in terms of ERPF 16 weeks after irradiation. Values then showed some evidence of
      a recovery in function. There was a concomitant compensatory response by the
      contralateral unirradiated kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363174
TI  - Self-management of hypertension: predictors of success in diastolic blood
      pressure reduction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine which borderline hypertension subjects
      could succeed in self-regulating blood pressure, and to distinguish the
      psychologic and physiologic variables that predicted success. Thirty-four white,
      male, unmedicated, borderline hypertensive subjects participated in a 14-session
      biofeedback/cognitive self-management training program. Of these, 22 exited with
      diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg; 12 exited equal to or above 90 mm Hg. Both
      groups exited with scores markedly lower on the Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90).
      The successful group began and ended on all cognitive/affective subscales at a
      lower level than the unsuccessful group. A discriminant analysis revealed that
      lower scores on the SCL-90, lower systolic blood pressures, and higher heart
      rates during a mental task at the beginning of treatment distinguished those who
      succeeded in self-regulation from those who could not succeed. The possible
      mechanisms for blood pressure control/change as a consequence of biofeedback are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363175
TI  - Factors associated with more intense labor pain.
AB  - The purpose of this prospective study was to determine (a) if background factors,
      emotional feelings, and mothers' expectations influence pain intensity during
      labor, and (b) if primiparas differ from multiparas in regard to these factors. A
      convenience sample of 50 healthy primiparas and 88 healthy multiparas, ranging in
      age from 17-41 years, was used. Demographic data were collected at 33 weeks
      gestation, and pain intensity was measured during three different phases of labor
      using a Visual Analogue Scale and the Pain-o-meter, a new pain assessment tool.
      The following factors correlated with more emotional feelings towards pregnancy
      and higher intensity of in-labor pain: (a) parity, (b) younger age, (c) less
      education, (d) more menstrual problems, (e) history of abortion, (f) unstable
      emotional feelings, (g) unrealistic expectations of pain and discomfort, (h) more
      pain relieving drugs during labor and delivery, and (i) a mate with negative or
      indifferent feelings toward the pregnancy.

PMID- 3363176
TI  - Stress and impairment among nursing students.
AB  - This exploration of stress-related disorders among nursing students employed a
      longitudinal cohort design over a period of two academic years. High depressive
      symptoms were reported by 55% of the sample. A majority of students experienced
      an increase in burnout symptoms and an increase in frequency of alcohol use
      during their educational years. These behaviors were related to a lack of social
      support and external attribution style.

PMID- 3363177
TI  - Uncertainty, coping, and distress following myocardial infarction: transition
      from hospital to home.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of uncertainty in illness
      and use of coping methods on emotional distress and recovery following myocardial
      infarction. A longitudinal exploratory design with measures obtained at three
      times was used; multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Uncertainty
      explained a significant amount of the variance in emotional distress prior to
      hospital discharge (21%), and 1 (16%) and 4 (26%) weeks after discharge. Patients
      reporting greater uncertainty also reported more emotional distress. One week
      after discharge, coping behaviors significantly added to the variance explained
      in distress (27%). Greater use of emotive coping behaviors was associated with
      higher levels of emotional distress and accounted for the majority of the
      variance explained by coping behaviors (23%). The findings are discussed in terms
      of the nature of uncertainty in health care and future model development.

PMID- 3363179
TI  - Test of the nursing minimum data set: availability of data and reliability.
AB  - An initial study of the availability of the elements in the Nursing Minimum Data
      Set (NMDS) and intercoder reliability across four types of clinical settings is
      reported. These clinical settings included an acute care hospital, a nursing
      home, a home health care agency, and two ambulatory care clinics. The health
      records of 116 randomly selected subjects were reviewed to determine the
      availability of the NMDS elements. A randomly selected subset of 23 of these
      records provided data on intercoder agreement. All but four of the NMDS elements
      were available for 85% or more of the subjects. The average intercoder agreement
      across all NMDS elements was a satisfactory 91%. However, the intercoder
      agreement on some NMDS elements was much lower, suggesting a need to refine the
      definitions and procedures for collecting some of the NMDS elements. Where
      appropriate, coefficient Kappa and Pearson product moment correlation statistics
      for reliability are reported on individual NMDS elements.

PMID- 3363178
TI  - Further exploration of maternal and paternal fetal attachment.
AB  - Fetal attachment of four groups of expectant parents were studied during the 24th
      to 34th weeks of pregnancy: 153 high-risk women hospitalized for a complication,
      75 high-risk women's mates, 218 low-risk women, and 147 low-risk women's mates.
      No differences in fetal attachment scores were observed between high- or low-risk
      women or their mates; women scored significantly higher than their mates. Very
      little variance (7% to 14%) in fetal attachment was explained by the test of
      causal models except for high-risk women's mates for whom 31% of the variance was
      explained.

PMID- 3363180
TI  - Human beta-casomorphin-8 immunoreactive material in the plasma of women during
      pregnancy and after delivery.
AB  - A method for the extraction of human beta-casomorphin-8 immunoreactive material
      from human plasma and a radioimmunoassay for its determination in the plasma
      extracts were developed. Blood was collected from 34 men, from 35 non-pregnant
      women, from 35 pregnant women and from 138 women after delivery and plasma
      extracts were assayed for the presence of human beta-casomorphin-8 immunoreactive
      materials. No human beta-casomorphin-8 immunoreactive material was detected in
      the plasma of men or non-pregnant women, whereas such material was found in the
      plasma of 26 out of 35 pregnant women and in the plasma of 100 out of 138 women
      after parturition. Material collected from women after delivery was characterized
      by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was found
      to be of different composition in various individuals; its components, one of
      which coeluted with human beta-casein from the HPLC column, have apparently
      higher molecular weights than human beta-casomorphin-8. Some of these compounds
      seem to be very stable against enzymatic degradation at 37 degrees C in human
      plasma, whereas human beta-casomorphin-8 proved to be degraded very fast under
      identical conditions. A physiological significance of mammary products of the
      beta-casomorphin type during pregnancy or after parturition is suggested.

PMID- 3363181
TI  - Sulphated CCK-8-like peptides in the neural ganglion of the protochordate Ciona
      intestinalis.
AB  - Immunochemical studies were carried out on extracts of the neural ganglion from
      the ascidian Ciona intestinalis in order to the characterize the peptide(s),
      which react with antibodies against the C-terminal sequence common for the
      mammalian hormones, cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin. Radioimmunoassays specific
      for the sulphotyrosyl-containing N-terminus of CCK-8, for the common alpha
      carboxyamidated C-terminus and for gastrin were used to monitor gel
      chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC of the extracts. Only neutral extracts
      contained immunoreactive material (634 (524-785) pmol eqv.CCK-8/g) (mean and
      range, n = 4)). HPLC revealed a small peak eluting almost like CCK-8 and a larger
      peak eluting earlier. By subsequent gel chromatography the larger peak eluted in
      the same position as sulphated CCK-8. The material was recognized almost equally
      by the N- and C-terminal CCK radioimmunoassays, whereas the specific C-terminal
      gastrin radioimmunoassay did not measure the peptides. Treatment with
      arylsulphatase removed the binding to the antiserum specific for the
      sulphotyrosyl-containing sequence of CCK. The results indicate that the ganglion
      of Ciona intestinalis contains a tyrosyl-sulphated peptide resembling mammalian
      CCK-8.

PMID- 3363182
TI  - Chronotropic actions of cholecystokinin octapeptide on the rat heart.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) administered i.v. to urethane-anaesthetized
      rats or added to the perfusion stream of isolated rat hearts produced an
      immediate bradycardia. The size of this response was dose-related. Studies in
      vivo and in vitro using atropine and propranolol indicated that the response to
      CCK-8 was largely due to a direct action of the peptide on the heart. N
      carbobenzoxy-tryptophan (CBZ-Trp), a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist,
      abolished the response of the isolated heart to CCK-8. Gastrin I did not produce
      bradycardia. The receptors on rat heart were similar to the classes of
      cholecystokinin receptors found in brain and exocrine pancreas in that CCK-8
      rather than cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) was the preferred agonist.

PMID- 3363183
TI  - Monitoring the process of recovery. Using electronic pagers as a treatment
      intervention.
AB  - Research aimed at understanding the process of recovery has focused on evaluating
      the treatment outcomes of alcohol or drug abuse programs. The goal is to identify
      the characteristics of people who report doing well posttreatment. Such research
      does not describe how recovery occurs. Rather, it indicates the characteristics
      associated with those who recover. Electronic pagers were employed in a research
      project to document the process of recovery as it occurs. This research has led
      to a clinical trial where such monitoring is part of the aftercare treatment.

PMID- 3363184
TI  - Brain evoked potentials as predictors of risk.
AB  - Sensory evoked potentials are capable of demonstrating brain sensory and
      cognitive function. These measures of brain activity can be used to demonstrate
      genetic influences in alcoholism. Auditory evoked potentials have been used
      successfully to demonstrate inherited differences in alcohol sensitivity. As in
      animal models, these inherited differences are limited to particular neuronal
      mechanisms and are not a general property of all neurons. The P300 wave, which is
      elicited in particular paradigms in which the subject is required to attend to
      specific stimuli, is smaller in subjects who are at high risk for alcoholism by
      virtue of having an alcoholic father. These subjects at risk for alcoholism show
      lower P300 amplitudes in paradigms in which they are given small doses of
      alcohol. P300 is also small in younger high-risk subjects who have never been
      exposed to alcohol. The evoked potential data are in general agreement with
      earlier electroencephalographic data that suggested the presence of
      electrophysiological abnormalities in the children of alcoholics.

PMID- 3363185
TI  - Coping and defending styles among Vietnam combat veterans seeking treatment for
      posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder.
AB  - A review of the literature on coping processes in addiction disorders yields at
      least two notions: one, that substance abuse is associated with less efficient,
      avoidant ways of coping with problems in living; and two, that substance abusers
      with a background of traumatic and stressful experiences are readily
      distinguishable by even more avoidant coping styles. These notions were tested in
      the form of three hypotheses: (1) substance abusers in general employ more
      avoidant coping styles than do nonaddicted groups; (2) Vietnam combat veterans
      meeting DSM-III criteria for both substance use disorder and posttraumatic stress
      disorder (PTSD) evidence significantly more avoidant coping styles than do
      Vietnam combat veterans meeting criteria only for substance use disorder but not
      PTSD--particularly when dealing with internal states of anxiety; and (3) for
      those meeting both substance use disorder and PTSD criteria, black Vietnam combat
      veterans (who presumably have encountered more stress, as minority group members)
      evidence more avoidant coping styles than do white Vietnam combat veterans. These
      three hypotheses were tested with Peck's (1981) newly developed Individual Styles
      of Coping, measuring four stages in the coping process for five behavioral
      contexts. All three hypotheses were confirmed. Results were discussed as
      confirming recent changes in DSM-III-Revised (1987) criteria, emphasizing
      generalized avoidance manuevers as criterial, in part, for diagnosing PTSD (in
      addition to behaviors of specific avoidance of traumatic memories). Theoretical
      implications about a traumatogenic dimension for substance abuse among some
      Vietnam combat veterans were discussed, as well as ramifications for treatment
      programming.

PMID- 3363186
TI  - Posttraumatic stress disorder in World War II and Korean combat veterans with
      alcohol dependency.
AB  - Our country was confronted with the problems of postcombat adjustment while the
      Vietnam conflict was still winding down. Concerns centered on the disruptive
      impact of returning drug-dependent veterans, the overall problems of
      readjustment, and assessment of public attitudes. As is the case with each major
      conflict, health-care-delivery systems were forced to assess and react to the
      aftermath of combat. This took place within the framework of the disciplines of
      program evaluation, quality assurance, and clinically applied research. Out of
      this has evolved a determined attempt to understand the interaction between
      combat and psychiatric disorders including alcoholism. This chapter demonstrates
      the existence of a posttraumatic stress syndrome compounded by alcoholism in
      World War II and Korean Conflict veterans. These comorbidities have resulted in
      chronic maladjustment over a prolonged period of time. Recommendations suggest
      early detection and triage of a posttraumatic syndrome and co-related substance
      use disorder in people who experience any catastrophic stressor.

PMID- 3363187
TI  - Case 1. Fracture of the hook of the hamate.

PMID- 3363188
TI  - Case 2. Medical tension elbow stress syndrome.

PMID- 3363189
TI  - Case 3. Stress fracture of the ulna.

PMID- 3363190
TI  - Case 4. Cervical spinal stenosis.

PMID- 3363191
TI  - Case 5. Scalenus anticus syndrome.

PMID- 3363192
TI  - Case 6. Stress changes of the distal radial epiphysis.

PMID- 3363193
TI  - Case 7. Segond tibial condyle fracture: lateral capsular ligament avulsion.

PMID- 3363194
TI  - Case 8. Avulsion of the posterior apophyseal rim of the fourth lumbar vertebra
      associated with an acute herniation of the nucleus pulposus of L4-5.

PMID- 3363195
TI  - Case 9. Stress fractures of the inferior pubic ramus and femoral neck.

PMID- 3363196
TI  - Case 10. Stress fracture of the navicular.

PMID- 3363197
TI  - CT and MR imaging of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - Through the medium of selected case reports, the authors present their experience
      with sectional imaging of the TMJ. The complementary roles of CT and MRI are
      emphasized.

PMID- 3363198
TI  - General case of the day. Gastric duplication cyst communicating with an aberrant
      pancreatic duct.

PMID- 3363199
TI  - [Distribution of intrahepatic arterial blood flow after ligation of an aberrant
      right hepatic artery].

PMID- 3363200
TI  - [Variations in the metabolism of iron in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 3363201
TI  - [Effects of zinc acexamate on blood flow in the gastric mucosa of the rat].

PMID- 3363202
TI  - [Evolutionary sequence in the development of post-burn stress ulcers in the rat].

PMID- 3363203
TI  - [Gastroduodenal perforation in 148 patients. I. Etiologic, clinical and
      diagnostic aspects].

PMID- 3363204
TI  - [Our experience with hepatic resections: indications, technic and results].

PMID- 3363205
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum. Study of 176 patients].

PMID- 3363206
TI  - [Pituitary secretion of cholecystokinin].

PMID- 3363207
TI  - [Volvulus of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3363208
TI  - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory intestinal disease].

PMID- 3363209
TI  - [Multiple idiopathic stenoses of the small intestine].

PMID- 3363211
TI  - [Gastric squamous carcinoma].

PMID- 3363210
TI  - [Abdominal rectopexy using the dura mater in the treatment of rectal prolapse].

PMID- 3363212
TI  - [Duodenal ileus. Report of a new case].

PMID- 3363213
TI  - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix].

PMID- 3363214
TI  - [Spontaneous external biliary fistula].

PMID- 3363215
TI  - [Castillian language editorial errors in medical publications].

PMID- 3363216
TI  - [Occupational rehabilitation of psychiatrically handicapped patients--concomitant
      help in employment].
AB  - Presented are results from the project "Post-placement-services at the workplace
      for persons with mental illness and mental disability". Its goals and tasks have
      been to support mentally disabled clients in the process of occupational
      reintegration, to assist them in case of threatening dismissal, to mediate and
      clarify in case of problems at work. Over a period of two years, 208 clients
      participated in the project, most of them after discharge from in-patient
      psychiatric treatment. The description of the project's approach focusses on the
      industrial situation, setting out the possibilities and limitations of industrial
      rehabilitation.

PMID- 3363217
TI  - [Follow-up rehabilitation, what does it accomplish? A statistical view].
AB  - The numbers of in-patient rehabilitation procedures immediately following the
      post-acute stage, i.e. of the Anschlussheilbehandlungen AHB, have been steadily
      increasing over the last few years. Their share in the total number of general
      rehabilitation measures has meanwhile risen to almost 10 percent. The pension
      insurance carriers' fulfillment of their legal task of maintaining, or improving,
      the earning capacity of the insured, is verified on appropriate data. The present
      study covers those insured of the LVA Baden, the workers' pension insurance
      administration for the region of Baden, who had completed an AHB measure in the
      three years 1982-1984. Results obtained show that 60-70 percent of the
      participants in such an AHB measure subsequently returned to employment.
      Pensioning occurred most frequently in myocardial infarction patients, i.e. in 40
      percent of all cases, and least frequently in patients with musculoskelettal
      disorders, i.e. in 25 percent. The pension insurance administrations have
      undoubtedly chosen a very appropriate route in introducing the AHB measure. It
      will, on behalf of the patients, be necessary and useful not to end the
      rehabilitative efforts on the day of discharge. Provision of follow-up care
      should be included in the AHB approach.

PMID- 3363218
TI  - [Outcome, course and prognosis of the vocational status of psychiatric patients
      hospitalized for the 1st time--results of a multiple factor study].
AB  - In the framework of a prospective longitudinal investigation, the occupational
      course of first-admission psychiatric patients was analyzed for the first year
      (1980) and the fifth (1984) post-discharge from the clinic. Findings indicate
      that, to quite an important degree, tendencies towards occupational
      disintegration had existed already immediately after the first in-patient
      treatment episode. This applied almost totally independent of the clinical
      diagnosis given at the time of the first hospitalization. Only persons with
      substance abuse illness had been affected clearly less often, the situation four
      years later being however comparable. Except for the groups of neurotic and
      personality disorders, the occupational situation had by then however tightened
      drastically for all of the diagnostic groups, a structural analysis making it
      clear that this development had initiated already in the course of the first
      year. Thus, all patients who had been without work over the entire first year of
      the five-year period, had already reached the "terminal point" in their
      employment history. As far as diagnoses are concerned, our study confirms the
      experience that a schizophrenic illness will by no means always entail a straight
      course toward an unfavourable outcome. The investigation at the same time however
      also indicated that non-schizophrenic illnesses take a more unfavourable course
      than had been expected. In relation to earlier longitudinal catamnestic studies
      of persons with schizophrenia, the findings for our schizophrenic patients
      moreover were markedly worse, this discrepancy being presumed to be accounted for
      by the different methods applied, different selection criteria, as well as
      differences in economic activity at the time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363219
TI  - Interaction of caffeine with acetaminophen in mice: schedule dependency of the
      antagonism by caffeine of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and the effects of
      caffeine metabolites, allopurinol, and diethyl ether.
AB  - Administration of caffeine (CAF) to mice as early as 6 hr prior to injection of a
      hepatotoxic but nonlethal dose of acetaminophen (ACM) significantly antagonized
      the hepatotoxic action of ACM as judged by serum levels of alanine
      aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Administration of CAF after ACM produced
      complete antagonism only when CAF was given no later than 1 hr after ACM.
      Administration of CAF daily for 3 days prior to injection of ACM enhanced ACM
      toxicity markedly, but little or no toxicity ensued when CAF-pretreated mice
      received ACM followed immediately by CAF. The four primary metabolites of CAF,
      1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline), 3,7-dimethylxanthine (theobromine), 1,7
      dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine), and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid were effective and
      virtually complete antagonists of ACM-induced hepatotoxicity when given
      immediately after ACM, as were the secondary metabolites, 1-methylxanthine and
      1,3-dimethyluric acid. Allopurinol, which reduces theophylline clearance,
      increases the rate of oxidative N-demethylation of theophylline to 1
      methylxanthine, and inhibits conversion of 1-methylxanthine to 1-methyluric acid,
      was also a dose-dependent antagonist of ACM-induced hepatotoxicity. The
      hepatotoxic response of mice to ACM is exaggerated by a brief period of diethyl
      ether anesthesia; CAF given immediately after ACM to previously anesthetized mice
      suppressed this response and maintained serum ALT levels at control values. It is
      suggested that CAF and its primary metabolites compete with ACM for
      biotransformation by the cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system, thereby
      reducing the rate of formation of the hepatotoxic ACM metabolite.

PMID- 3363220
TI  - Cyclosporine disposition in the hyperlipidemic rat model.
AB  - Since cyclosporine is heavily bound to plasma lipoproteins, its pharmacokinetic
      profile was evaluated in the Zucker hyperlipidemic rat model (N = 4) and compared
      to Zucker lean (N = 4) and Sprague-Dawley (N = 4) rat models. Following a single
      i.v. dose (5 mg/kg) of cyclosporine, serial blood samples, collected by tail
      bleed, were assayed for cyclosporine concentration by radioimmunoassay.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by standard non-compartmental methods.
      Half-lives between the three groups were not different. However, Zucker obese
      rats demonstrated a significantly smaller volume of distribution at steady-state
      (2.8 +/- 1.1 L/kg; p less than 0.01) versus the Zucker lean (5.4 +/- .9 L/kg) and
      Sprague-Dawley rats (5.6 +/- .7 L/kg). Likewise, the total body clearance was
      markedly reduced in the obese (0.24 +/- .09 L/h/kg; p less than 0.01) versus lean
      (0.51 +/- .04 L/h/kg) and Sprague-Dawley (0.52 +/- .06 L/h/kg) rat models. This
      data suggests the ability of lipids to significantly impair the intracellular
      transfer of cyclosporine and may impact on its clinical monitoring, efficacy and
      toxicity.

PMID- 3363221
TI  - The involvement of reactive oxygen species in hypoxic injury to rat liver.
AB  - Isolated perfused livers from fasted, but not from fed rats showed hepatotoxic
      responses when subjected to 30 min of hypoxia followed by 60 min of
      reoxygenation. Toxicity was evident by a release of glutamate-pyruvate
      transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutathione into the perfusate, by a
      depletion of hepatic glutathione and by an accumulation of calcium in the liver.
      This indicates, that the liver is resistant to hypoxic injury as long as glycogen
      is present to maintain anaerobic ATP-synthesis. This is substantiated by the fact
      that addition of fructose--but not glucose--to the medium resulted in a
      protection of the liver against hypoxic injury concomitant with its degradation
      to lactate + pyruvate. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, desferrioxamine and
      allopurinol prevented hypoxic liver injury suggesting a substantial role of
      reactive oxygen species formed via the xanthine oxidase reaction in mediating
      hypoxic liver injury.

PMID- 3363222
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of a new inotropic catecholamine in dog plasma using solid phase
      extraction technology.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a new inotropic catecholamine, N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)
      ethyl]-1-methyl-3-(3-carbomylphenyl)-pr opylamine HCL (KM-13), was studied
      following i.v. injection of 50 and 100 micrograms/kg doses to dogs. KM-13 was
      extracted from plasma using Bond-Elut CN columns and quantitated by HPLC with
      electro-chemical detection. The plasma concentration--time profile of KM-13
      following an i.v. bolus was best fitted with a bi-exponential equation and the
      terminal elimination phase had a half life of about 20 min. The analytical
      method, with a limit of sensitivity of 2 ng/ml, would appear to have general
      applicability in studying the pharmacokinetics of synthetic catecholamines.

PMID- 3363223
TI  - Experimental studies on the toxicity of Ferula communis in the rat.
AB  - The study of two chemically characterized varieties of Ferula communis showed
      that only plants containing prenylated coumarins are toxic. The contrasting data
      on the toxicity of Ferula communis most probably raised from the use of
      chemically uncharacterized specimens. Among the constituents of the toxic
      variety, both ferulenol, a 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative, and ferprenin, a pyrane
      (3,2-c) coumarin derivative, affected blood clotting. No hepatotoxicity was
      elicited by these two compounds.

PMID- 3363224
TI  - Inhibition of the rat hepatic mixed-function oxidases by in vivo administration
      of clotrimazole.
AB  - The ability of the 1-substituted imidazole antifungal agent clotrimazole to
      inhibit the rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases was investigated in
      rats pretreated with either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. When
      administered to 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals, clotrimazole inhibited
      the O-deethylations of ethoxyresorufin and ethoxycoumarin. An even more marked
      inhibition of the dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin and O-deethylation of
      ethoxycoumarin was observed in phenobarbital-pretreated rats. It is concluded
      that administration of clotrimazole to rats gives rise to a marked inhibition of
      the hepatic mixed-function oxidases, and especially of the cytochrome P450 II B
      family of haemoproteins.

PMID- 3363225
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of high and moderate intravenous doses of methotrexate.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic parameters of methotrexate in nine cancer patients receiving
      250-2500 mg/day were investigated. Both elimination rate constants and half-lives
      were calculated using a two-compartmental open model. The plasma levels-time
      profiles revealed a biphasic response with a mean initial elimination half-life
      of 2.3 +/- 0.2 hours and a terminal elimination half-life of 32.2 +/- 7.2 hours.

PMID- 3363226
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on in vivo formation of adducts between metabolites of
      benzo(a)pyrene and DNA.
AB  - Cimetidine has been reported to interact with liver microsomal enzymes,
      specifically, the cytochrome P-450 and P-448. Consequently cimetidine has the
      potential to impair the metabolism of compounds that undergo oxidative
      metabolism. The present study was designed to examine the benzo(a)pyrene-DNA
      adducts in the lungs and liver of mice after pretreatment with cimetidine. Male
      A/J mice received an i.p. dose of 40 mg/kg cimetidine followed by an oral dose of
      5 micro mol/kg of [G-3H]BP 30 minutes apart. Control group received equal p.o.
      dose of BP. Animals (10 per group) were killed by cervical dislocation at 1h and
      6h. The lungs and liver were removed and homogenized. DNA was then extracted,
      digested enzymatically to deoxyribonucleosides, and the adducts were analyzed by
      HPLC. The results showed that the percent of the adducts was reduced
      significantly.

PMID- 3363227
TI  - Inhibition of glyoxalase I by various clinically used anticancer drugs.
AB  - The antiglyoxalase activity of eight well-known anticancer drugs has been
      evaluated, their I50 values were determinated and compared to those of standard
      inhibitors S-octylglutathione and squaric acid. Among them methotrexate was found
      to be as potent as S-octylglutathione.

PMID- 3363228
TI  - Comparative activity of leukotriene D4, 5,6-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and
      lipoxin A on guinea pig lung parenchyma and ileum smooth muscle.
AB  - Various compounds derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid
      (Leukotriene D4 [LTD4], 5S,6R-dihydroxy-7,9,11,14- eicosatetraenoic acid [5S,6R
      DiHETE], 5S,6S-DiHETE, 5S,6R-Lipoxin A [5S,6R-Lx A], 5S,6S-Lx A) were tested on
      guinea-pig lung parenchyma strips (G.P.L.P.S.) and ileum smooth muscles
      (G.P.I.S.M.) mounted in a cascade superfusion system. These products induced
      contractile responses on G.P.L.P.S., whereas only the LTD4 was active on
      G.P.I.S.M. FPL-55712 inhibited almost totally their myotropic activity. The 5S,6R
      compounds were more active than the 5S,6S ones, with an order of potency of LTD4
      greater than 5,6-DiHETE greater than Lx A. It is suggested that 5,6-DiHETE and Lx
      A isomers may act via the lung LTD4 receptors which appear less specific than
      ileum LTD4 receptors.

PMID- 3363229
TI  - The effect of chronic bradycardial pacing on the oxidative capacity in rabbit
      hearts.
AB  - Blood flow and oxygen consumption were estimated in isolated hearts from control
      rabbits or animals with chronic bradycardia achieved by transvenous atrial pacing
      for 4 weeks; these parameters were related to ultrastructural changes. Chronic
      reduction of heart frequency to about 50% of control values resulted in an
      increased capillary/fibre ratio (1.43 +/- 0.07 in paced, 1.26 +/- 0.07 in control
      hearts), increased capillary density (2339 +/- 148 vs 1897 +/- 95) and increased
      volume density of mitochondria (36.36 +/- 1.28% vs 31.38 +/- 1.7%), in paced and
      control hearts, respectively, with no signs of heart hypertrophy (fibre diameters
      28.5 micron in both groups). Maximal blood flow (3 ml.g-1.min-1) was similar in
      paced and control hearts. Maximal oxygen consumption (achieved by a gradual
      increase in preload and increase in force of contraction by noradrenalin
      infusion) in paced hearts was significantly higher than in control hearts and was
      achieved by a higher oxygen extraction. This could be due both to the increased
      volume density of mitochondria and to a more homogeneous distribution of flow
      through an enlarged capillary bed. The increased oxidative capacity induced by
      chronic bradycardial pacing can explain improved maximal cardiac work found under
      these conditions previously in vivo.

PMID- 3363230
TI  - Hypoxic vasoconstriction in blood and plasma perfused lungs.
AB  - Isolated lungs of pigs, cats and rats were perfused in situ with blood and with
      plasma at constant flow rate. The experiments were specifically designed to
      compare the intensity of the hypoxic pressor response (HPR) during blood and
      plasma perfusion. Ventilation of the lungs with 6.0% O2 during perfusion with
      blood, elevated the inflow pressure (Pa) from 18.9 +/- 1.5 to 35.8 +/- 2.0 mm Hg
      in pig lungs, from 12.9 +/- 0.5 to 17.9 +/- 1.1 mm Hg in rat lungs, and from 12.6
      +/- 0.8 to 19.2 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in cat lungs. In comparison during perfusion of the
      lungs with plasma, the HPR was larger in pig lungs (Pa increased from 16.9 +/-
      2.0 to 42.3 +/- 2.7 mm Hg), smaller in rat lungs (Pa increased from 10.2 +/- 0.9
      to 11.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg), and also smaller in cat lung (Pa increased from 9.9 +/-
      1.2 to 11.9 +/- 1.2 mm Hg). The site of HPR in blood perfused cat lobes was
      primarily in the middle segment (arterial and venous technique) and remained in
      the middle segment (although blunted) during plasma perfusion. The vascular
      pressure-flow relationship in pig lungs showed that during blood perfusion, both
      the slope and intercept rose during hypoxia; these changes were similar but
      greater during plasma perfusion. Measurement of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin
      in the lung effluent revealed no relation to intensity of the HPR or to the
      difference in the HPR in blood and plasma perfused lungs. Thus the absence of red
      blood cells (RBCs) may have been responsible for the difference in the HPR during
      blood and plasma perfusion; in rats and cats, RBCs appear to be essential for the
      full expression of the HPR, in contrast, the HPR in pigs does not require the
      presence of the RBCs. Possible explanations for these differences are suggested.

PMID- 3363231
TI  - Effects of focusing attention on breathing with and without apparatus on the
      face.
AB  - In an attempt to identify a cause for the alteration in breathing pattern seen
      when conventional respiratory apparatus is applied to the face, we have studied
      the effects of causing the subject to focus attention on breathing by counting
      breaths in threes for 5 min. We used the respiratory inductance plethysmograph in
      18 naive subjects who were unaware that their breathing was being measured. In
      the control periods, distraction was provided by a recorded story played through
      head-phones. The experiment was repeated with the rim of a facemask applied to
      the face. Focusing attention on breathing caused a prolongation of inspiration at
      a constant mean inspiratory flow, and lengthening of expiration. Tidal volume but
      not ventilation was increased. The facemask rim caused no significant change. It
      is concluded that conscious awareness of breathing could account for a major part
      of the effect of conventional respiratory apparatus.

PMID- 3363232
TI  - Origins of differences in hemoglobin concentration between Himalayan and Andean
      populations.
AB  - Mean hemoglobin concentration of 3511 adult males derived from 19 studies of
      Andean male permanent residents and 10 studies of Himalayan male permanent
      residents were compared with reference to partial pressure of inspired oxygen.
      The regression equation (weighted for sample size) of PIO2 and hemoglobin
      concentration of the Andean miners is significantly (P less than 0.01) greater
      than that of the Andean and Himalayan non-miners. However, the relationship of
      PIO2 and Hb is similar in the non-mining Andean and Himalayan samples. These
      findings suggest that the observed differences in hemoglobin concentration
      between Andean and Himalayan samples are due, in part, to the inclusion of miners
      in the Andean samples. The higher barometric pressure associated with the north
      latitude location of the Himalayans may also contribute to decrease the hypoxic
      stress in the Himalayas. The present data suggest that Andeans and Himalayans
      have a similar hemopoietic response to hypoxic stress.

PMID- 3363233
TI  - Attenuation of pulmonary afferent input by vagal cooling in dogs.
AB  - In open chest, artificially ventilated, anesthetized dogs, we examined the effect
      of vagal cooling on the pulmonary afferent input evoked by hyperinflating the
      lungs to 3 VT, recording the activity of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch
      receptors (PSRs), rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) and pulmonary C fibers
      rostral to the cooling platform. At 15 degrees C and below, input in all three
      types of fiber was significantly reduced, attenuation being least marked in C
      fibers. Between 12 degrees C and 7 degrees C, attenuation of RAR input was
      significantly less than that of PSRs. At 7 degrees C, virtually none of the
      hyperinflation-evoked increase in PSR activity and only 10% of that in RARs
      passed the cooling platform--indeed RAR input was less than during normal
      ventilation at 37 degrees C; by contrast, 40% of the hyperinflation-evoked
      increase in C fiber activity was still transmitted. Cooling had similar effects
      on C fiber input evoked by capsaicin. If reflexes are attenuated in proportion to
      the attenuation of afferent input, our results suggest that a hyperinflation
      evoked reflex that survives vagal cooling below 6 degrees C is almost certainly
      triggered by C fibers.

PMID- 3363234
TI  - Reciprocal action of pulmonary vagal afferents on tracheal smooth muscle tension
      in dogs.
AB  - Tracheal smooth muscle usually relaxes when the lungs are transiently inflated,
      an effect attributed to inhibitory input from pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs).
      Relaxation is often followed by contraction, however, and occasionally
      contraction is the sole response. We attempted to identify the afferents
      responsible for this reflex contraction. In anesthetized, artificially ventilated
      dogs with open chest we recorded transverse tension in an upper tracheal segment
      innervated only by the superior laryngeal nerves and periodically hyperinflated
      the lungs as the cervical vagus nerves were cooled. Hyperinflation usually evoked
      tracheal relaxation when vagal temperature was 37 degrees C, but contraction
      became more frequent as temperature decreased and was the sole response below 8
      degrees C. We hypothesise that above 6 degrees C contraction was triggered by
      rapidly adapting receptors and lung C fibers, whereas below 6 degrees C only C
      fibers were involved. Contraction, which appeared to represent the bronchomotor
      counterpart of Head's paradoxical reflex, was abolished below 2 degrees C.
      Cooling alone without periodic hyperinflation increased baseline tracheal tension
      to a maximum at 7-8 degrees C; further cooling often decreased tension, sometimes
      to control levels. Cutting the pulmonary vagal branches abolished these effects.
      Our results indicate that PSRs and C fibers act reciprocally, one causing
      bronchodilation, the other bronchoconstriction, and that background activity in C
      fibers may contribute to bronchomotor tone, an effect unmasked by selectively
      blocking A fibers.

PMID- 3363235
TI  - The effect of adenosine on respiratory chemosensitivity in the awake rat.
AB  - The effect of adenosine on respiration and respiratory chemosensitivity in awake
      animals was studied in rats, intact and chemodenervated, before and after intra
      peritoneal injection of L-phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA). Respiration was
      measured by barometric plethysmography. The administration of PIA depressed
      respiration substantially, in a dose-related manner, the maximum effect occurring
      after 30-80 min; PIA also depressed body temperature but over a slower time
      course. In both intact and chemodenervated animals, the characteristic responses
      to hypoxia were maintained after the administration of PIA, but at depressed
      respiratory levels. There was no interaction between effects. Administration of
      PIA produced enhancement of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, in both
      intact and peripherally chemodenervated animals. The results do not support the
      hypothesis that hypoxic effects on respiration are related to the accumulation of
      adenosine in brain tissues. Enhancement of the hypercapnic response represents
      evidence for disinhibition of the mechanism concerned.

PMID- 3363236
TI  - Ventilatory effects of potassium during hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia in
      anaesthetized cats.
AB  - Anaesthetized cats breathing 100% O2, air or 14% O2 received intravenous
      infusions of KCl (0.075 mmol/kg body weight per 30 sec). Ventilation increased
      significantly during the infusion and returned to control values within 10 sec of
      its completion. The ventilatory response to acute changes in arterial plasma
      potassium concentration is not abolished by hyperoxia. Some of these findings
      have already been briefly communicated (Band et al., in press).

PMID- 3363237
TI  - Oxygen transfer of red blood cells: experimental data and model analysis.
AB  - Kinetics of O2 uptake and release by human red blood cells (RBC) as measured by
      stopped-flow techniques were simulated using an RBC model shaped as a spheric
      shell. The O2 transfer mechanisms in this model include diffusion and reaction
      within the RBC and diffusion and convection in the medium surrounding the RBC.
      Unknown model parameters were determined by comparing simulations with
      experimental data. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) Both diffusion and
      convection contribute to O2 transport in the medium surrounding the RBC, and this
      transport importantly limits the overall O2 transfer kinetics in stopped-flow
      experiments. (2) Intraerythrocyte transport mechanisms become predominant in
      limiting O2 transfer, and can thus be investigated by stopped-flow techniques,
      only when the perierythrocyte O2 transport resistance is minimized, e.g. by high
      levels of dithionite in measurements of O2 release from RBC. (3) Intraerythrocyte
      O2 transfer is shown to be mainly limited by diffusion of O2 and, to a lesser
      extent, by diffusion of oxyhemoglobin ('facilitated O2 diffusion') and by
      O2/hemoglobin reaction. The results suggest that diffusion is the main process
      limiting O2 uptake and release by RBC, the finite reaction kinetics of O2 with
      hemoglobin exerting a smaller limiting effect.

PMID- 3363238
TI  - Muscle capillarity in rats with increased blood oxygen affinity.
AB  - To investigate the effects of low P50Hb on muscle capillarity, rats were injected
      with Na-cyanate (50 mg/kg BW) every day for 2 or 4 weeks (experimental). Controls
      received injections of saline. After 2 weeks P50 was reduced in the experimental
      animals (20.4 vs 30.3 Torr). After 4 weeks experimental animals showed a 13%
      increase in hematocrit and Hb. PVO2 was lower in experimental than in control
      rats (28.3 +/- 1.0 vs 33.8 +/- 4.7 mm Hg). Fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA),
      capillary density (CD) and capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/F) were measured in
      sections treated with the ATPase technique. FCSA was smaller in experimental than
      in controls (3000 +/- 491 vs 4121 +/- 415 micron 2 for the soleus and 3633 +/-
      236 vs 4251 +/- 194 micron 2 for the gastrocnemius) and CD was higher (729 +/- 99
      vs 578 +/- 75 cap/mm2 in the soleus and 388 +/- 19 vs 323 +/- 14 cap/mm2 in the
      gastrocnemius) but C/F was not different. Diffusion distances for O2 measured by
      the closest individual method were not significantly different between the two
      groups. The higher CD in the experimental animals seems to be the result of their
      smaller FCSA and not the result of capillary proliferation. The volume of tissue
      served by a capillary was significantly reduced in the experimental animals. This
      could help the transfer of O2 to the muscle in animals with a low P50 Hb.

PMID- 3363239
TI  - Role of erythrocyte deformability in the acute hypoxic pressor response in the
      pulmonary vasculature.
AB  - To assess the importance of erythrocyte deformability in the pulmonary hypoxic
      pressor response (HPR) we examined whether alterations in erythrocyte
      deformability are related to the differences between the brisk HPR in rats vs the
      small HPR in hamsters, and between the HPR in low altitude rats vs high altitude
      rats (10 days in 10% oxygen). Deformability of the erythrocytes (RBC) was
      assessed by filtering equal volume of RBC suspension through Nucleopore filters
      (4.7 micron) using the same pressure head across the filter. The results show
      that during hypoxia, rat RBC become relatively nondeformable compared to
      hamster's RBC. This finding is consistent with a large HPR in rats but a small
      HPR in hamsters. Furthermore, the deformability of RBC from high altitude rats
      became unaffected by hypoxia and was associated with blunting in the HPR in
      isolated lungs from high altitude rats. The HPR in isolated lungs from low
      altitude rats was larger when they were perfused with blood from normal rats (=
      86% increase in resistance) than when perfused with blood from high altitude rats
      (= 36% increase in resistance). This finding further supports the possible role
      of RBC deformability in HPR. Inconsistent with the importance of deformability,
      however, was the finding that high altitude rat lungs had a blunted HPR whether
      they were perfused with normal rat blood or high altitude rat blood. This may be
      due to restructuring of the pulmonary microvascular bed in the lung from high
      altitude rats. The results favor the idea that changes in erythrocyte
      deformability may be responsible for the difference between the HPR in low
      altitude rats and hamsters, and between the HPR in low and high altitude rats. We
      suggest that 'obstruction' of the capillaries by less deformable erythrocyte is
      another factor, besides smooth muscle contraction, responsible for the hypoxic
      pressor response in the pulmonary vasculature.

PMID- 3363241
TI  - Chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 3363240
TI  - Chronic bronchitis: significant infection or social annoyance?

PMID- 3363242
TI  - Ophthalmology.

PMID- 3363244
TI  - Anti-retinal immunoglobulins in canine ocular diseases.

PMID- 3363245
TI  - Tarsoconjunctival island graft for the treatment of deep corneal ulcers,
      desmetocoeles, and perforations in 35 dogs and 6 cats.

PMID- 3363243
TI  - Exfoliative cytologic examination as an aid in diagnosing ocular diseases in the
      dog and cat.

PMID- 3363246
TI  - The use of cryosurgery in a veterinary ophthalmology practice.

PMID- 3363247
TI  - "It is a reproach to religion and government to suffer so much poverty and
      excess".

PMID- 3363248
TI  - Tubulo-interstitial nephropathy.

PMID- 3363249
TI  - Functional changes in polycystic kidney disease are tubulo-interstitial in
      origin.

PMID- 3363250
TI  - Functional correlates of tubulo-interstitial damage.

PMID- 3363251
TI  - [Ethical considerations in the treatment of breast cancer].

PMID- 3363252
TI  - [Thoracic hemangiopericytoma].

PMID- 3363254
TI  - [Anxiety: semeiology and psychopathology: from anguish to anxiety].

PMID- 3363253
TI  - [Iodine overload and transient hypothyroidism in newborn infants].

PMID- 3363255
TI  - [Classification and evaluation of anxiety disorders].

PMID- 3363256
TI  - [Factors of dependence on benzodiazepines].

PMID- 3363257
TI  - [Physiological aspects of dyspnea].

PMID- 3363258
TI  - [Dyspnea and the function of the respiratory muscles].

PMID- 3363259
TI  - [The clinical assessment of dyspnea].

PMID- 3363260
TI  - [Dyspnea can also have a cardiac origin].

PMID- 3363261
TI  - [Dyspnea and the exercise test].

PMID- 3363262
TI  - [Drug treatment of dyspnea].

PMID- 3363263
TI  - [High-dose vitamin C therapy of cancer. Pauling's method of orthomolecular
      therapy. Documentation No. 14].

PMID- 3363264
TI  - [Diabetic emergencies].

PMID- 3363265
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 3363266
TI  - [Late complications of diabetes--can we prevent them?].

PMID- 3363267
TI  - Disturbed sleep while being on-call: an EEG study of ships' engineers.
AB  - In order to investigate the effects of on-call duty on sleep and wakefulness,
      five male ships' engineers were studied using electroencephalogram (EEG) and
      electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings and subjective ratings. Sleep during on-call
      nights (two alarms) was shortened and contained less slow wave sleep (SWS) and
      rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, lower spectral power density, and a higher heart
      rate. Many of the effects were observable before any alarms had occurred. Rated
      sleep quality was lower, and sleepiness was higher during the subsequent day. It
      was suggested that the effects were due to apprehension/uneasiness induced by the
      prospect of being awakened by an alarm.

PMID- 3363268
TI  - Daytime sleepiness in young adults.
AB  - The daytime sleepiness of a large sample (n = 129) of healthy, young (age 18-29)
      adults with no sleep-wake complaints was measured and compared with that of a
      sample (n = 47) of older (age 30-80) healthy, normal sleeping, subjects. Each
      spent 8 h in the laboratory on 1 night and received the Multiple Sleep Latency
      Test (MSLT) the following day. Sleep latency was measured at 1000, 1200, 1400,
      and 1600 h. Mean sleep latency ranged from 2 to 20 min within each group, but the
      shape of the distribution of latency between groups was different. The mean
      latency of young subjects (particularly college students) was shorter than that
      of the older subjects, with the differences occurring between the sleepiest 80%
      of each distribution. Among the college students, those with higher nocturnal
      sleep efficiencies (the previous night) were sleepier the following day than
      those with lower sleep efficiencies. The relation between nocturnal sleep
      efficiency and daytime sleepiness suggests that the increased sleepiness of
      average young adults is due to mild sleep restriction.

PMID- 3363269
TI  - The role of alertness in organic brain syndromes.
AB  - We examined 35 patients, aged from 37 to 76 years, with impairment of
      intellectual functions due to normotensive hydrocephalus of varied origin. Axial
      tomography showed an enlarged ventricular system, with or without cortical
      atrophy. As a rule, the patients having no cortical atrophy displayed a
      significantly lower alertness level than the patients with cortical atrophy, who
      were more alert. Because the clinical picture was similar in both subgroups, it
      was postulated that the impairment of cortical function due to organic lesions
      resulted in symptoms similar to those due to chronic decrease of alertness.
      According to this hypothesis, there are two types of symptoms in patients with
      organic brain syndromes, one type being dependent on the alertness decrease and
      not on the organic lesion itself. Although the two types cannot be easily
      distinguished during clinical examination, the prognosis is substantially
      different for "organic" and "functional" symptoms. The hypothesis was supported
      by observations in 19 patients selected for ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation.
      Reexamination 3 months after the operation showed that the improvement was not
      related to changes in the organic substrate, i.e., to the diminished size of the
      lateral ventricles and of the third ventricle. On the other hand, the clinical
      improvement was significantly correlated to the increase of the alertness level
      after treatment.

PMID- 3363270
TI  - Daytime alertness in patients with chronic insomnia compared with asymptomatic
      control subjects.
AB  - Despite the subjective reports of patients with difficulty initiating and
      maintaining sleep (DIMS) that they are impaired during the day, consistent
      differences in daytime functions have not been found between normal sleepers and
      patients with insomnia. The present study compares polysomnography and Multiple
      Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) data from 70 clinic patients seeking evaluation for
      chronic insomnia with data from a group of 45 asymptomatic sleepers. The DIMS
      group was found to sleep significantly less than the control group; yet they were
      also significantly more alert than the control group the following day, as
      measured by MSLT. Within the insomnia diagnostic subgroups, a correlation of 
      0.67 (p less than 0.05) was found between nocturnal total sleep time and mean
      MSLT. The results are interpreted as supporting the existence of a tendency
      towards physiological hyperarousal in patients with chronic insomnia. This
      tendency may be exacerbated by other factors (e.g., personality disorder,
      periodic leg movements) also associated with insomnia.

PMID- 3363271
TI  - Cognitive activity in sleep and responsiveness to external stimuli.
AB  - The relationship between responsiveness to auditory stimuli presented during
      sleep and cognitive activity during sleep was assessed. Sixteen college-aged
      women were instructed while awake to turn off a tone by taking a deep breath. The
      tone was then presented during Stage 2 and REM sleep. Subjects were awakened
      after select trials to assess the relationship between responding and reports of
      ongoing cognitive activity. Consistent with the view that cognitive activity
      reduces responsiveness, significantly fewer responses were found on report
      (cognitive activity) trials relative to no-report (no cognitive activity) trials
      in analyses involving all trials and Stage 2 trials alone. Trained judges then
      rated the subjects' reports of cognitive activity as indicating incorporation or
      not indicating incorporation of the tone and/or the breathing response.
      Incorporation was associated with a reduced likelihood of responding relative to
      no incorporation in analyses involving all trials. No difference in responding
      was found between no-incorporation trials and no-report trials, suggesting that
      reduced responsiveness is associated with cognitive activity only when
      incorporation occurs. These findings support hypotheses that the reduced
      responsiveness to external stimulation during sleep is at least in part due to
      ongoing cognitive activity.

PMID- 3363272
TI  - Sleep apnea, proteinuria, and nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - Renal abnormalities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have
      not been previously described. Medical records of patients who had been evaluated
      for possible sleep apnea syndrome and had had complete polysomnograms and
      urinalyses were reviewed to determine the frequency of proteinuria. High-grade
      proteinuria (greater than or equal to 3+ on urinalysis) was found in 6 of the 34
      patients with obstructive sleep apnea, but in none of 34 patients in a control
      group matched for sex, age, and weight. In three patients, proteinuria was in the
      nephrotic range (3.5 g/24 h). The weight (mean +/- SD) of the patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea (112.7 +/- 35.3 kg) was not significantly different from
      the control group (109.2 +/- 30.3 kg). Microscopic examination of renal tissue in
      one patient with OSAS showed minimal changes. In four patients who were followed
      for 3 years, proteinuria improved after therapy for sleep apnea syndrome. We
      suggest that proteinuria may not be uncommon in patients with severe obstructive
      sleep apnea syndrome and may be reversible with correction of the sleep apnea
      syndrome.

PMID- 3363274
TI  - Sleep apnea and body position during sleep.
AB  - In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, it is believed that body position
      influences apnea frequency. Sleeping in the lateral decubitus position often
      results in significantly fewer apneas, and some have recommended sleeping on the
      side as the major treatment intervention. Previous studies, although calculating
      apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) for supine and lateral decubitus positions, have not
      taken sleep stage into account. To examine the effect of both sleep stage and
      body position on apnea duration (AD) and frequency, we determined AHI and AD in
      all spontaneous body positions during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM)
      sleep by reviewing videotapes and polysomnograms from 11 overnight studies of 7
      obese patients with severe sleep apnea. Consistent with previous work, AD was
      significantly longer in REM then in NREM (32.5 +/- 2.3 s versus 23.5 +/- 1.9 s; p
      less than 0.05). This difference persisted when adjusting for body position. AHI
      was greater on the back than on the sides (84.4 +/- 4.9/h versus 73.6 +/- 7.5/h,
      p less than 0.05), but after accounting for sleep stage, this difference remained
      only for NREM (103 +/- 4.8/h versus 80.3 +/- 9.2/h, p less than 0.05) and not for
      REM (83.6 +/- 5.3/h versus 71.1 +/- 4.2/h, p NS). Although reduced, AHI on the
      sides still remained clinically very high. Body position changed frequently
      throughout the night, but some patients spent little or no time on their back. We
      conclude that AD is longer in REM than NREM, regardless of position, and AHI is
      higher on the back only in NREM. As AHI remains very high on the sides, favoring
      the lateral decubitus position may not be as beneficial as previously thought in
      very obese patients. Less obese patients are more likely to benefit by position
      changes.

PMID- 3363273
TI  - The acute effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on breathing during sleep in sleep
      apnea patients.
AB  - Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is frequently employed in the treatment of
      obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite anecdotal reports of early post-UPPP
      deaths and the recommendation by some authors to perform a prophylactic
      tracheotomy for selected patients at the time of UPPP, there has been no
      systematic examination of breathing during sleep in the early post-UPPP period.
      In order to evaluate the early postoperative risk and the need for prophylactic
      tracheotomy in UPPP patients, we conducted polysomnograms (PSGs) on eight obese
      OSA patients on the second post-UPPP night and on another obese OSA patient on
      the fifth night after surgery. Postoperatively during wakefulness there was a
      significant increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (p less than 0.05);
      in three individuals, the PaO2 was sufficiently reduced to warrant supplemental
      oxygen. For the group of nine patients there were no differences between the pre-
      and post-UPPP apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI), or apnea plus hypopnea index
      during non-rapid eye movement sleep. In individual patients, the pattern of sleep
      disordered breathing events was variably altered, but there was a reciprocal
      relationship between the changes in AI and HI (r = 0.75; p less than 0.02). The
      duration of apnea in non-rapid eye movement sleep was shorter in four patients
      and unchanged in five patients postoperatively. Although the mean nadir of
      hemoglobin saturation was unchanged before and after UPPP, one patient
      desaturated to dramatically low levels in association with several excessively
      prolonged apneas post-UPPP. Desaturation was probably minimized in the three
      patients receiving supplemental oxygen. There were no serious adverse effects
      resulting directly from sleep-disordered breathing or nocturnal hemoglobin oxygen
      desaturation following UPPP. Our data suggest that performing a tracheotomy in a
      nonselective fashion in OSA patients undergoing UPPP is not warranted. In lieu of
      this, these individuals should be carefully monitored following surgery. In
      addition, patients with severe OSA and/or moderate-to-severe nocturnal hemoglobin
      oxygen desaturation should be considered for early postoperative PSGs as should
      those individuals who are more hypoxemic while awake following surgery. Patients
      who require supplemental oxygen postoperatively should also be studied to ensure
      adequate oxygenation and to monitor for acute, oxygen-related prolongation of
      apnea.

PMID- 3363275
TI  - [Measurement of maternal plasma volume during pregnancy].
AB  - An increased maternal plasma volume (PV) is a characteristic phenomenon of normal
      pregnancy, which may be related to a physiological decrease of peripheral
      resistances. The authors have studied the plasma volume of 1,105 patients
      distributed as follows: normal (387), permanently hypertensive patients (84),
      hypertensive patients during pregnancy (390), patients with apparently isolated
      RCIU (154) or with a pathological past-history during previous pregnancies (90).
      It appears that the PV is a sign of a severe HBP, and presents a rather early and
      good predictive value regarding the weight of the fetus and some complications
      such as severe UCIU and fetal death in utero. In case of pathological past events
      or pre-existing hypertension, the PV enables to differentiate rather well
      patients who will be prone to a complicated pregnancy. In view of these results,
      utilization and interpretation criteria of this parameter during pregnancies with
      hypertension or pregnancies in which there is a suspicion or a risk of intra
      uterine growth delay, are defined.

PMID- 3363276
TI  - [Risks of fertilization in vitro].
AB  - The authors report the results of four IVF attempts, performed on the same
      couple, in 16 months, because of tubal problems. June 1985 (T1): spontaneous
      miscarriage after 8 weeks of amenorrhea; october 1985 (T2): negative tap; january
      1986 (T3): extra-uterine pregnancy; october 1986 (T4): rejected because of "poor
      response" and spontaneous extra-uterine pregnancy during the same cycle.

PMID- 3363277
TI  - [The price of the breast. New jurisprudence establishing the amount of
      compensation for a breast removed by error].

PMID- 3363278
TI  - [Tescher's metroplasty and its results].
AB  - 16 women with uterine septum, between 20 and 32 years old, have been operated by
      Tescher operation and the results are exposed. 5-6 months after the operations
      the control x-ray examination have been applied to thirteen cases. In 12 of them,
      we saw excellent physiologic cavities. In ne last one, there was an sufficient
      size cavity but it was not excellent. We suggest that the results of Tescher
      operation are better than those of others technics.

PMID- 3363279
TI  - [A technic of vaginoplasty by inferior approach in the treatment of Rokitansky
      Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Mac's method].
AB  - After having studied and practiced of different methods of vaginoplasty written
      in literature and on the view of their number of complications limited by their
      practices. We propose a simple method in which no apparatus is necessary, all
      complications eliminated and not leaving any scar on the patient's body. Using a
      graft of amnion membrane putting a mould of "Special sponge". We have practiced
      on 9 cases. The proposed method gave so much satisfactory results, not only on
      functional but also on histological and hormonal plans. The following are the
      principal characteristics obtained by vaginoplasty : length : 12 cm ; width dome
      level : 5 cm and at the lower part: 3-4 cm.

PMID- 3363280
TI  - Significance of rheumatoid factors in an eight-year longitudinal study on
      arthritis.
AB  - A community-based cohort comprising 150 patients with recent-onset seropositive
      arthritis or seronegative oligoarthritis or polyarthritis was monitored for 8
      years. Of the different rheumatoid factor (RF) tests, the initial positivity in
      the most sensitive assays (latex slide test and IgM-RF by enzyme immunoassay) was
      the most reliable factor when distinguishing between the erosive and nonerosive
      cases. The individual RF isotypes fluctuated in four serial specimens, but each
      patient tended to preserve his or her reactivity pattern. Seroconversion from
      positive to negative within the 1st year of follow-up did not indicate a
      particularly good long-term prognosis.

PMID- 3363281
TI  - Degradation of cartilage proteoglycans by elastase is dependent on charge
      mediated interactions.
AB  - We investigated the mechanism of cartilage degradation by pancreatic elastase as
      a model system for the action of cationic proteases such as leukocyte elastase
      and cathepsin-G. It is shown that the cationic properties of elastase contribute
      to its proteolytic potential with respect to cartilage degradation. Elastase
      preparations with neutral or negative charge, obtained by chemical modification
      were far less effective in cartilage degradation than the cationic, native
      enzyme. Modification of elastase did not affect the active site of the enzyme as
      shown by kinetic studies, nor did it alter the complexing with alpha-1-proteinase
      inhibitor. Quantitative and autoradiographic studies indicate that the positive
      charge of the enzyme favors the penetration in cartilage and interaction with the
      polyanionic proteoglycan substrate. It is concluded that the potent cartilage
      degrading activity of elastase is dependent on charge-mediated interactions with
      its substrate.

PMID- 3363282
TI  - Effect of aggregated IgG on mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell cooperation.
AB  - The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test was used to determine the response
      of different leukocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and
      normal donors to heat-aggregated gammaglobulins (HAGGs). The adherence of
      polymorphonuclear cells of (PMNs) could be inhibited either directly by high
      concentrations of HAGGs or indirectly by soluble factors secreted by RA
      mononuclear cells incubated with low amounts of HAGGs. The stimulatory site of
      the IgG was located on the Fc fragment. Since the LAI reaction was also observed
      with material recovered from rheumatoid synovial fluid, tissue, and nodules,
      these results could have clinical relevance in RA.

PMID- 3363283
TI  - Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis in methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis
      patients.
AB  - Polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) chemotaxis was assessed using the in vitro under
      agarose assay in ten rheumatoid arthritis patients prior to and following a
      single 10-mg dose of methotrexate (MTX). PMNs obtained from patients after MTX
      showed a decreased chemotactic migration response to both zymosan activated serum
      (P less than 0.005) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-phenylalanine (P less than 0.01).
      In similar conditions, no significant difference in chemotactic migration could
      be detected in six rheumatoid arthritis patients not on MTX. In contrast to the
      in vivo effects of MTX, there was no inhibition of normal PMN chemotactic
      migration following a 30-min in vitro incubation of the cells with MTX (P less
      than 0.99).

PMID- 3363284
TI  - Sugar receptors of different types in human metastases to lung and liver.
AB  - Endogenous sugar receptors of human tumors, supposedly involved in recognitive
      interactions and growth regulation, were comparatively analyzed from human
      metastases to lung and liver by affinity chromatography and subsequent sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These profiles of sugar
      receptors including Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent specificities to alpha-
      and beta-galactosides, alpha-mannosyl and alpha-fucosyl moieties from salt and
      detergent extracts were found to be significantly different from the profile of
      the corresponding normal tissue. Metastatic lesions to lung from three different
      types of primary tumors revealed primarily tumor-associated mannan- and
      galactoside-binding proteins, whereas different liver metastases showed a
      tendency towards preferential expression of additional beta-galactoside-binding
      proteins and, to a reduced extent, fucose-binding proteins. The patterns of two
      metastatic lesions to lung and liver from a similar primary tumor, a colon
      carcinoma, disclose significant differences. Each resembles the pattern of other
      metastases to the same target organ more than it resembles the pattern of
      metastatic lesions to the other target organ, derived from a similar primary
      tumor. Further analyses of two primary liver tumors underscore the significance
      of changes in such a pattern upon malignant transformation.

PMID- 3363285
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of laminin P1 in body fluids of pregnant women, patients with
      gynaecological cancer and controls.
AB  - Laminin P1, a pepsin-resistant fragment of the glycoprotein laminin, was
      determined in body fluids using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. The median
      serum concentrations found were: men 1.32, premenopausal women 1.22,
      postmenopausal women 1.38 and pregnant women (35th gestational week) 2.18 U/ml.
      The median concentration in amniotic fluid was 1.90, in urine 0.28 and in
      follicle cyst fluid 1.74 U/ml. During gestation, rising serum levels of up to 5
      U/ml were observed which decreased within a few days after delivery. The cut-off
      value of laminin P1 for 95% specificity of the normal female control group was
      found to be 1.8 U/ml. The frequencies of elevated serum concentrations were 11,
      18, 23 and 33% in patients with primary malignant lesions of the breast,
      endometrium, cervix and ovary, respectively, and rose up to 50-51% in patients
      with recurrent or metastatic gynaecological cancer. Laminin P1 was found in high
      concentrations in the cytosol fractions of breast cancer biopsies. Long-term
      sequential determinations of serum levels in 10 individual patients with
      progressive cancer reflected the course of the disease in 8 cases. Although
      laminin P1 can be considered as a tumour-associated protein, low sensitivity to
      primary cancer and insufficient specificity limit its application as a tumour
      marker and its usefulness in monitoring of patients with gynaecological cancer.

PMID- 3363286
TI  - Ulcerative colitis. Cancer surveillance in an unselected population.
AB  - An unselected series of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis from a defined
      catchment area underwent endoscopic and histologic cancer surveillance from 1977
      to 1985. At the end point of the study, which included a total of 93 patients,
      there were 38 patients with total colitis of more than 10 years' duration. There
      was one case of colonic carcinoma, two cases of high-grade dysplasia, and no
      death due to colorectal cancer. We conclude that in an unselected group of
      patients with ulcerative colitis, the risk for colorectal dysplasia and cancer is
      low and that a surveillance program is reliable and can be performed at a
      community hospital.

PMID- 3363287
TI  - Effect of pirenzepine on oesophageal, gastric, and enteric motor function in man.
AB  - The effect of pirenzepine on oesophageal, gastric, and enteric motor function was
      evaluated in six healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied before and after
      taking pirenzepine, 100 mg/day, for 3 days. Half and complete gastric emptying
      times of clear liquid, assessed by epigastric impedance, were significantly
      delayed by the drug: 6.16 +/- 1.74 min and 13.8 +/- 4.64 min versus 16.65 +/-
      3.03 min and 25.1 +/- 8.2 min, respectively (p less than 0.05). Enteric motility
      was assessed by manometry, and variables studied were the duration of the various
      phases of the migratory motility complex, the frequency of contractions in phase
      III, and the amplitude of contractions in phases II, III, and in the postprandial
      period. Only phase I was affected and was significantly prolonged by the drug:
      16.08 +/- 5.94 min versus 31.65 +/- 12.88 min (p less than 0.01). Oesophageal
      motility was assessed by manometry. Variables studied were amplitude and duration
      of contractions in the body of the oesophagus, and lower oesophageal sphincter
      pressure. Results were not significantly changed by the drug. We conclude that
      pirenzepine, given at a dose used for treatment of peptic ulcer disease,
      significantly delays the gastric emptying of liquids, has minimal effect on
      enteric motility, and has no effect on oesophageal motility. The effect on
      gastric emptying may be therapeutically useful by reducing the acid load on the
      duodenum in duodenal ulcer disease.

PMID- 3363288
TI  - Comparison of the effect of single and repeated administrations of a protease
      inhibitor (Camostate) on pancreatic secretion in man.
AB  - In the present study pancreatic secretion and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels
      were analyzed in eight volunteers after daily ingestion of the serine protease
      inhibitor camostate for 5 days. This was compared with the effect of a single
      intraduodenal dose of camostate. Prolonged administration of camostate for 5 days
      had no effect on basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion and plasma CCK. A
      single dose of camostate completely inhibited enzymatic activity of trypsin and
      chymotrypsin and stimulated volume, amylase, and lipase secretion but induced an
      only slight and insignificant increase in plasma CCK. After the ingestion of a
      test meal, camostate did not influence stimulated enzyme secretion and increased
      plasma CCK. We concluded that the intraduodenal perfusion of camostate stimulated
      pancreatic secretion by a feedback mechanism that is not mediated by CCK. The
      repeated oral administration of camostate did not induce adaptive changes in
      pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 3363289
TI  - Alternating proliferative capacity in the rat gastrointestinal mucosa. Effects of
      E2 prostaglandins and indomethacin.
AB  - Having previously observed an apparent uneven distribution of proliferating cells
      in the gastric corporic mucosa of the rat, we examined the mitotic distribution
      along 8-mm sections of gastric and jejunal epithelia. Metaphases were arrested
      with vincristine to facilitate mitotic count, and the effects of treatment with a
      prostaglandin E2 analogue and a cyclooxygenase blocker were examined. Clusters of
      mitotic figures alternating with non-proliferating areas were observed in the
      gastric corporic epithelium of control rats. During 4 h mitotic activity was
      absent over 21% of the corporic mucosa. Extending the examined area to about 240
      glands reduced substantially the error of mitotic counts. An uneven distribution
      of mitoses was found in the antral and jejunal epithelium, but areas without
      proliferating cells were uncommon. Treatment with the prostaglandin E2 analogue
      reduced the number of mitosis-free areas in the gastric corpus to 13%, and
      clusters were less easily identified. The total mitotic count was unaffected by
      treatment. In the jejunum prostaglandin increased the absolute number of mitoses.
      The mitotic span was also increased, reflecting the uneven distribution.
      Indomethacin produced the opposite effects to the prostaglandin analogue,
      including reduction of epithelial height. Of the gastric corporic mucosa 35% was
      non-proliferating during the observation period, but the clustering phenomenon
      was still apparent. Absence of dose relationship was attributed to ulcerogenic
      actions of high doses of indomethacin. It is concluded that mitoses are unevenly
      distributed in the upper gastrointestinal epithelium of the rat and that safe
      estimates of mitotic count require examination of large corporic areas.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363290
TI  - Degradation of amino acids to short-chain fatty acids in humans. An in vitro
      study.
AB  - Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) originate mainly in the colon through bacterial
      fermentation of polysaccharides. To test the hypothesis that SCFA may originate
      from polypeptides as well, the production of these acids from albumin and
      specific amino acids was examined in a faecal incubation system. Albumin was
      converted to all C2-C5-fatty acids, whereas amino acids generally were converted
      to specific SCFA, most often through the combination of a deamination and
      decarboxylation of the amino acids, although more complex processes also took
      place. This study indicates that a part of the intestinal SCFA may originate from
      polypeptides, which apparently are the major source of those SCFA (isobutyrate,
      valerate, and isovalerate) only found in small amounts in the healthy colon.
      Moreover, gastrointestinal disease resulting in increased proteinous material in
      the colon (exudation, mucosal desquamation, bleeding, and so forth) may
      hypothetically influence SCFA production.

PMID- 3363291
TI  - Raised plasma thromboxane B2 levels in experimental acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis in rats. The effects of flunarizine, dazoxiben, and indomethacin.
AB  - The possible role of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in acute necrotizing pancreatitis
      (ANP) was investigated in rats. After ANP was induced by injecting sodium
      taurocholate (5% w/v) into the pancreatic duct, the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels
      in plasma increased significantly. The effects of indomethacin, a general blocker
      of prostaglandin synthesis, on survival time and on plasma TXB2 levels were
      compared with those of dazoxiben, a more specific blocker of TXA2 synthesis, and
      Flunarizine, a calcium entry blocker known to inhibit the effects of TXA2. In a
      test group without any treatment, all animals died within 30 h of ANP induction.
      Although TXB2 levels were lowered by the administration of indomethacin,
      dazoxiben, and Flunarizine, survival times were not significantly altered.
      Indomethacin pretreatment had no beneficial effect, whereas 30% and 40% of the
      animals survived for 36 h after treatment with Flunarizine and dazoxiben,
      respectively. The results of the present study indicate that inhibition of TXA2
      synthesis alone does not dramatically alter survival time. However, a potential
      role for other arachidonate metabolites in ANP cannot be ruled out by this study.

PMID- 3363292
TI  - A microscopic and immunodiagnostic search for giardiasis in patients with
      gastrointestinal disorders.
AB  - Direct microscopy and an ELISA technique were used to determine the prevalence of
      Giardia lamblia and its antigen in stool samples from patients with Crohn's
      disease, ulcerative colitis, acute-onset diarrhoea, or dyspepsia. Cysts of
      Giardia lamblia were observed by microscopy of faeces from two of the patients
      with acute-onset diarrhoea and one with dyspepsia. Giardia antigen was detected
      in the faeces of five patients, including all three in whom cysts had been
      identified by microscopy. No evidence of giardiasis was found in any patient with
      Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It is concluded that the ELISA can
      reliably distinguish giardiasis from a range of other gastrointestinal disorders.

PMID- 3363293
TI  - Peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with and without dyspepsia.
AB  - In the present retrospective study the hospital records of all patients admitted
      to the University Hospital of Tromso with their first ulcer bleeding during 1973
      1985 were reviewed. The patients were grouped as dyspeptics and non-dyspeptics.
      The case history gave adequate information in 298 patients--243 with dyspepsia
      and 55 without. Pyloric ulcers were significantly (p less than 0.05) more
      frequent in the patients with dyspepsia than in those without (17.7% versus
      5.5%), and the non-dyspeptic men were significantly (p less than 0.02) older than
      their dyspeptic counterparts (64.5 +/- 1.3 years versus 53.4 +/- 0.8 years).
      There were also significantly (p less than 0.01) more patients with chronic
      diseases among those without dyspepsia (49.1% versus 23.5%), whereas the
      consumption of anti-inflammatory drugs was fairly similar in the two groups.

PMID- 3363294
TI  - Abnormalities of the migrating motor complex in diabetics with autonomic
      neuropathy and diarrhea.
AB  - Diarrhea is a common symptom in long-standing diabetes. The pathogenesis of this
      diarrhea remains obscure, although it appears to be related to the development of
      autonomic neuropathy, which may cause several abnormalities including altered gut
      motility. We studied fasting gastrointestinal motility for a mean of 210 min in a
      group of 12 type-II diabetics with diarrhea. All patients had peripheral
      neuropathy and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy. Their motor activity was
      compared with that of a group of six normal volunteers. In addition,
      gastrointestinal transit time was assessed by the hydrogen breath test. The
      presence of bacterial overgrowth was assessed by the hydrogen breath test and
      culture of jejunal secretions. The diabetics showed grossly disordered motor
      activity. There was a complete absence of phase-III activity in two patients.
      Most phase III's commenced in the distal duodenum or jejunum. The phase-III
      component was often of short duration at each recording site. There was increased
      velocity of propagation between sites. Continuous phase-II activity was noted in
      some patients. Antral activity was absent or reduced during phase II.
      Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly prolonged in the diabetics.
      Bacterial overgrowth was demonstrated in three diabetic subjects. These motility
      abnormalities are nonspecific and are unlikely to play a major role in the
      pathogenesis of diabetic diarrhea.

PMID- 3363295
TI  - The pentagastrin-induced gastric acid response in humans.
AB  - The pentagastrin-induced acid response, alone and versus different doses of
      cimetidine, was studied in humans. The inhibitory effect of the histamine H2
      receptor antagonist cimetidine could only in part be counteracted by increasing
      doses of pentagastrin. The maximal gastric acid response was significantly
      decreased by cimetidine, and the ED50 values for pentagastrin showed a minor but
      still statistically significant increase, indicating both a competitive and a non
      competitive inhibition by cimetidine of pentagastrin-induced gastric acid
      secretion. The pA2 characterization of the receptor mediating the pentagastrin
      induced gastric acid response gave a value of 6.2, compared with the pA2 value of
      the human H2 receptor of 6.1. This suggests that the pentagastrin-induced gastric
      acid response in humans is mediated via the histamine H2-receptor.

PMID- 3363296
TI  - Microbial flora and bile acid metabolism in patients with an ileal reservoir.
AB  - Bacterial flora of ileum effluent and bile acid metabolism were investigated in
      11 patients 11-44 months after construction of a Kock's continent ileostomy.
      Bacteriologic investigation showed significantly more microorganisms per
      millilitre (p less than 0.01) and a more colon-like flora--that is, anaerobic
      microorganisms (p less than 0.001)--in ileum effluent of continent ileostomy
      patients than in ileum effluent of patients with a conventional ileostomy. The
      reabsorptive capacity of the reservoir mucosa was tested by direct introduction
      of a radioactively labelled conjugated bile acid, 23-75Se-25-homotaurocholic acid
      (SeHCAT), into the ileal pouch. After 4 h, 90% of the SeHCAT activity had been
      reabsorbed from the reservoir. Quantitative and differential analysis of bile
      acids in the ileum effluent showed unconjugated and predominantly primary (88%)
      bile acids, suggesting a minimal influence of bacterial flora on bile acid
      metabolism. Moreover, total bile acid loss appeared to be within normal limits.

PMID- 3363298
TI  - Intracranial abscesses in adults: an analysis of 54 consecutive cases.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was performed of 54 consecutive adult patients with
      intracranial abscesses hospitalized between 1973 and 1985. Clinical signs and
      symptoms were varying and no single symptom was found in more than 48% of the
      patients. Also the laboratory findings were of limited diagnostic value. The
      etiology of the infections varied with the sources and could be identified in 42
      of the patients. In patients with postoperative abscesses or infections after
      penetrating head injuries Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly found
      causative agent. In patients with abscesses originating from sinus, dental or
      otogenic infections, anaerobic bacteria dominated and most patients had multiple
      bacterial isolates. A majority of patients (33/47) with diagnosed abscesses were
      treated with both surgical drainage and systemic antibiotics. 14 patients
      received antibiotics only, due to inoperable abscesses or spontaneous regression
      without surgery. 17 of the patients (31.5%) died from their intracranial
      infections and only 9 survived without sequelae. Important prognostic factors
      were missed diagnosis and presence of multiple or ruptured abscesses. One patient
      died of acute brain stem herniation after lumbar puncture, a procedure which was
      found to be of limited diagnostic value and which seems to be contraindicated in
      patients with intracranial abscesses.

PMID- 3363297
TI  - Intestinal absorption of phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride after ileal
      resection.
AB  - The intestinal absorption of (14C)oleoyl moieties in triglyceride and
      phospholipid was investigated by means of (14C)phosphatidylcholine and
      (14C)triolein breath tests. In patients who had undergone ileal resection the
      absorption of both phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride was subnormal, as
      reflected by a lower production of 14CO2. In healthy subjects the production of
      expiratory 14CO2 after oral administration of (14C)phosphatidylcholine was
      slightly higher than after administration of (14C)triolein. This was also
      observed in the patient group, indicating that the absorption of both
      triglyceride and phospholipid was decreased to similar extents, although
      triglyceride absorption tended to be more affected after major ileal resection.
      In patients with lipid malabsorption the proportion of linoleic acid in serum
      phosphatidylcholine was subnormal, and the decrease was correlated to the
      decrease in lipid absorption. The concentration in serum of selenium, alpha
      tocopherol, and carotene but not of ascorbic acid and retinol was subnormal after
      ileal resection.

PMID- 3363299
TI  - Cerebral cysticercosis successfully treated with praziquantel.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman presented with signs of relapsing meningeal inflammation 5
      months after immigration from Chile. Cerebral cysticercosis was diagnosed with
      computed tomography (CT) scan, showing signs of intracranial hypertension and
      cystic lesions, and was confirmed by serological investigation. After treatment
      with praziquantel all clinical symptoms disappeared. A CT scan obtained 6 months
      after treatment showed almost complete resolution of the cystic changes in the
      brain.

PMID- 3363300
TI  - Incidence of aplastic anemia in viral hepatitis in children.
AB  - During the 20-year period 1967-1986, 5,500 children (aged 2 months-14 years) with
      viral hepatitis were hospitalized in a Thessaloniki pediatric department. In 4
      children (0.07%) hepatitis was complicated with aplastic anemia. All 4 patients
      died. The mean duration of survival after the onset of aplastic anemia was 20.9
      +/- 24.8 weeks. The results of the serologic tests, performed in the last 2
      patients, suggest that aplastic anemia was associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis
      agents.

PMID- 3363301
TI  - Group specific component and susceptibility to HIV infection and progression to
      AIDS.
AB  - The distribution of phenotypes of the group specific component (Gc) was examined
      in 85 AIDS patients and in 40 couples, each consisting of one HIV seropositive
      patient and one seronegative sexual partner. Phenotype and allele frequencies in
      these groups did not differ significantly from those in a Swedish control
      population. Our observations did not indicate any involvement of the Gc system in
      susceptibility to HIV infection or progression to AIDS.

PMID- 3363302
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in Spain.

PMID- 3363303
TI  - Hepatitis delta virus infection in acute hepatitis in Kuwait.
AB  - Over a period of 1 year, 254 patients presenting with acute hepatitis at the
      Infectious Disease Hospital, Kuwait were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg). Of these, 23 (9%) patients were found to have antibodies to hepatitis D
      virus (HDV) (anti-HDV). Eight of these anti-HDV positive patients were shown to
      have a coinfection with acute hepatitis B and 8 had a superinfection of HDV on a
      chronic HBsAg infection. The remaining 7 had had a previous HDV infection and
      were also chronic carriers of HBsAg. The cause of the acute hepatitis in this
      group was probably non-A, non-B virus(es). The prevalence of anti-HDV was 4%
      among patients with acute hepatitis B and 31% among carriers of HBsAg. In the
      coinfection group, 5/8 patients recovered completely, 1 developed chronic active
      hepatitis and 1 died due to fulminant hepatitis, while 1 patient was lost to
      follow up. 5/8 patients with superinfection developed chronic hepatitis on follow
      up, 2 died while only 1 patient recovered completely. In the group of patients
      with previous delta infection, 5/7 recovered from the acute bout of hepatitis
      while 1 patient developed chronic active hepatitis and 1 was lost to follow-up.

PMID- 3363304
TI  - Antibody response to Campylobacter pylori in an ethnic group lacking peptic
      ulceration.
AB  - The association between duodenal ulcer, gastritis and gastroduodenal colonization
      with Campylobacter pylori suggests a causal role for this newly described
      bacterium. In an attempt to challenge the verity of this association we studied a
      group of people in whom duodenal ulcer is apparently absent. Serological evidence
      of infection was sought with a sensitive, specific ELISA assay for C. pylori
      specific IgG and was compared with results from control sera from teenagers
      referred for respiratory viral serology, volunteer blood bank donors, patients
      with duodenal ulcers and patients in whom the presence or absence of C. pylori
      had been determined by histological and microbiological examination of gastric
      tissue. A relatively isolated group of Australian Aborigines in whom peptic
      ulceration is virtually unknown, was observed to possess age-specific mean C.
      pylori antibody levels comparable those found in a group of white Australian
      dyspeptic patients without microbiological evidence of infection with this
      organism. The antibody levels of Aborigines were lower than those found in an
      aged-matched group of 'healthy' white Australians, both of these groups having
      levels which were significantly lower than the levels found in culture positive
      white Australian dyspeptic patients. It was found that 21/144 'healthy' white
      Australians (14.6%) had antibody levels greater than or equal to the lower 99%
      confidence interval of the mean level found in culture positive patients, while
      only 2/274 Aborigines (0.7%) had such elevated levels. By contrast, 89/142
      (62.7%) patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer had similarly elevated
      specific antibody levels. These differences were highly significant. We consider
      these findings to be consistent with the hypothesis that C. pylori is important
      in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3363305
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage is better than gastric lavage in the diagnosis of
      pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 62/63 patients with suspected pulmonary
      tuberculosis and gastric lavage in 60 of the 63. Mycobacteria could be cultured
      from 14 of the patients. Cultures on bronchoalveolar lavage were positive in 13
      of them, while gastric lavage was positive in only 7. Our conclusion is that
      bronchoalveolar lavage should be performed instead of gastric lavage when
      pulmonary tuberculosis is suspected.

PMID- 3363306
TI  - Diagnostic significance of pleural fluid lactate concentration in pleural and
      pulmonary diseases.
AB  - Pleural fluid samples from 198 patients were analysed in order to evaluate the
      usefulness of lactate concentration as a diagnostic test for separating
      infectious from non-infectious processes in the pleural cavity. Pleural fluid
      lactate was quantified by means of a gas chromatographic method. The highest
      lactate levels were found in patients with septic pleuritis. Significantly lower
      values were observed in cases with malignancies. With a cut off value of 10
      mmol/l, the predictive value of a positive test was 0.94 and of a negative test
      1.0. Because of the high predictive values of the test, measurement of lactate
      concentration in pleural fluid offers a rapid and useful information in the
      differentiation between infectious and non-infectious pleural disease.

PMID- 3363307
TI  - Plasma and urine concentrations of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (co-trimazine) in
      children given one dose per day.
AB  - Sulphadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) combined into co-trimazine has a half
      life of 10 h in the adult and therefore the use of 1 dose/day has been introduced
      in the treatment of patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). To investigate
      the pharmacokinetics of cotrimazine given once daily in infants and children, 14
      patients aged 3-49 months were given 0.3-0.4 ml/kg of suspension containing 41 mg
      SDZ and 9 mg TMP/ml. In all patients the peak plasma levels of SDZ at steady
      state were greater than 15 mg/l and after 12 h mostly greater than 10 (range 7
      22) mg/l. The corresponding levels of TMP were 0.5 and 0.1 (range 0.11-0.48)
      mg/l. The concentrations in urine at 24 h were in the children about 40 mg/l of
      SDZ and 10 mg/l of TMP and in the infants 35 and 2 mg/l respectively. Therefore,
      in the treatment of infants and children with UTI, 1 dose of co-trimazine/day
      should give adequate plasma and urine levels.

PMID- 3363308
TI  - [Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the muscles].
AB  - On the basis of two personal observations and of 18 published cases, a review of
      primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in the skeletal muscle is presented. The
      disease mainly affects persons in the seventh decade. Ninety-five percent of the
      tumors occur in the extremities, with 75% in the lower extremities. Most
      lymphomas were of low grade malignancy, with intermediate and high grade tumors
      accounting for 45% of cases. Reliable differentiation of NHL from other small
      round cell tumors of the soft tissues, such as rhabdomyosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma,
      and from metastatic carcinoma, is mandatory for therapeutic purposes. Diagnosis
      can be established by light microscopy alone in most patients. In doubtful cases
      immunohistochemistry may be required.

PMID- 3363309
TI  - [Computation of low-risk compression. Computation model and results of
      experimental decompression research].
AB  - 1. The relationship between tolerated nitrogen oversaturation and ambient
      pressure is practically linear. 2. Tissues with short half-times have a higher
      tolerance than tissues with long half-times. 3. The human body can be regarded as
      consisting of 16 compartments with half-times from 4 to 635 minutes for nitrogen
      and from 1.5 to 240 minutes for helium. 4. The coefficients for calculation of
      minimal tolerated ambient pressure for a given PN2 in the tissue can be deduced
      directly from the half-times for nitrogen. 5. The results of 573 simulated air
      dives and 544 real dives in mountain lakes are in accordance with the computed
      limits of tolerance. 6. The ZH-L16 system is applicable to all exposures with air
      or oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. 7. Adaptation to breathing of oxy-helium or trimix
      is simple.

PMID- 3363310
TI  - [Idiopathic atrial fibrillation: the course in paroxysmal and chronic forms].
AB  - Among 85 patients (including 16 women) with lone or idiopathic atrial
      fibrillation, 38 had a purely paroxysmal form while 47 showed chronic
      fibrillation, usually after a paroxysmal onset. Serious complications (congestive
      heart failure, syncope and embolic events) occurred in only two paroxysmal cases
      but in 11 chronic cases (rate of complications per year was 1.3% and 3.8%
      respectively). Thromboembolism was only observed after chronic fibrillation
      lasting longer than one year. Paroxysmal patients may be characterized by typical
      anamnestic features, namely short episodes of arrhythmia (usually less than 24
      hours) and constant causative circumstances (mainly vagal stimulation). In these
      cases antiarrhythmic drugs are not usually recommended.

PMID- 3363311
TI  - [The use of calcium antagonists in the treatment of ocular circulation symptoms
      in the framework of a vasospastic syndrome].
AB  - In a number of patients with etiologically unexplained visual field loss, a
      vasospastic syndrome was found with the aid of capillaroscopic local cooling test
      on the fingers. After therapy with calcium entry blockers the visual field of the
      patients with vasospastic syndrome underwent a marked and statistically
      significant improvement. The control group showed a slight but statistically
      insignificant tendency towards improvement.

PMID- 3363312
TI  - [HIV-associated thrombocytopenia].
AB  - Thrombocytopenia is a relatively frequent hematological complication of HIV
      (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. The incidence of thrombocytopenia in a
      cohort of 359 homo- or bisexual men with HIV infection was 3%, while it was 9% in
      a cohort of 321 HIV positive persons with a history of intravenous drug abuse. We
      followed 42 thrombocytopenic patients prospectively to study the clinical
      significance of thrombocytopenia in these patients. Thrombocytopenia was
      significantly more severe in intravenous drug abusers than in homo- or bisexual
      men: 52% of the drug abusers had thrombocyte counts below 10,000/mm3, compared
      with only 9% of the homo- or bisexual men. Symptoms of bleeding, almost always
      harmless skin or mucosal bleeding, were found in 45% of patients with a history
      of intravenous drug abuse and in 18% of the homo- or bisexual men. Life
      threatening bleeding episodes did not occur during a median observation period of
      approximately one year. Prednisone was the most commonly used drug in symptomatic
      thrombocytopenia and had demonstrable effect only while being administered. After
      medication was stopped the thrombocyte counts usually fell to pretreatment
      values. Our findings suggest that therapy of HIV-associated thrombocytopenia
      should be reserved for severely symptomatic patients, particularly since this
      symptom of HIV infection rarely causes serious complications and we do not know
      the influence of drugs such as corticosteroids on the progression rate of HIV
      infection.

PMID- 3363313
TI  - Uptake and accumulation of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate by
      earthworms from water and soil.
AB  - Toxicity values were obtained for pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other compounds in
      the standard OECD and EEC earthworm test. To help explain the uptake and
      bioaccumulation mechanisms of PCP which affect toxicity, experiments have been
      conducted using the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa. The experiments showed
      that radiolabelled PCP and its sodium salt, PCP-Na, were taken up rapidly by the
      earthworms during 24 h from aqueous solution (1 and 10 micrograms ml-1) in a
      limited volume (5 ml) to give a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2.5, and that
      the solution concentration had no apparent influence on uptake. Exposure of worms
      over a period of 14 days in a large volume of soil under laboratory conditions
      increased the BCF, which was approximately 8 and 13 in the low (2.2 mg g-1 soil)
      and high (11.2 mg g-1 soil) soil concentration respectively. Longer exposures of
      the same worm species for 131 days in another soil type, in lysimeters under
      outdoor conditions, did not increase the BCF beyond that reached after 14 days
      exposure in the artificial soil. There were differences between earthworm species
      in their bioconcentration ability: Lumbricus terrestris accumulated 3 times more
      radiocarbon than A. caliginosa. Irrespective of the concentrations in solution,
      the binding of free phenol (PCP) in worm tissues was greater than for its sodium
      salt (PCP-Na), but there were no apparent differences in the amount of these
      substances eliminated, which was rather low. Metabolic studies have shown that
      PCP is metabolised more rapidly than PCP-Na in the worms body, resulting in the
      formation of metabolites which are polar in nature and also probably of
      conjugates. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms which may be
      responsible for the detoxification of PCP in earthworms.

PMID- 3363314
TI  - Environmental fate and distribution of sodium [14C] pentachlorophenate in a
      section of urban wasteland ecosystem.
AB  - An urban terrestrial microecosystem has been used under outdoor conditions to
      study the transfer of chemical residues within the system components. The
      microecosystem consisted of soil monoliths obtained from a site with an
      established vegetation cover dominated by goldenrod, Solidago gigantea. The
      microecosystem contained integrated food chain elements composed of primary
      producers, herbivores and carnivores. The system was stocked with indicator
      insect species, snails (Cepaea nemoralis) and earthworms (Allolobophora
      caliginosa), captured from the original site. Evaluation of the system was made
      using radiolabelled sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) which was applied as a
      single application at an equivalent rate of 5 kg ha-1. The mass balance revealed
      that, after 131 days, in the autumn, and after 222 days, in the winter, that 43
      and 39% radiocarbon, respectively, was recoverable from the microecosystem. The
      unaccounted radiocarbon was very probably removed through volatilization and
      photomineralization of the compound. PCP residues on foliage decreased rapidly,
      50% of which were metabolised within 15 days. Most of the radiocarbon remaining
      in the system after 131 days was in the top soil and plant litter, transmitted
      mainly through washing off by rain and leaf litter fall. There was a variation in
      the uptake of PCP-Na residues in the food chain organisms, where the total
      radiocarbon concentrations during the first 19 days of exposure ranged, e.g. in
      snails, from 3 to 0.6 micrograms g-1, in springtails from 5 to 105; in beetles
      (Amara fusca) from 3 to 1, in spiders from 13 to 11, and in harvestman from 31 to
      77 micrograms g-1. The ecological magnification indices (EM) of all the organisms
      with respect to their main food source, i.e. plant litter, demonstrated no
      bioconcentration effects. This is attributed to the metabolism of PCP-Na by the
      organisms and its rapid excretion. The urban wasteland ecosystem contained in
      outdoor lysimeters employed as a model gives valuable information and has
      considerable value in predicting the ecological fate of industrial chemicals.

PMID- 3363315
TI  - The influence of different agricultural practices on the transfer of
      radionuclides from pasture to milk after the Chernobyl accident.
AB  - Deposition of radionuclides from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor in the Ukraine
      occurred over much of the United Kingdom. The magnitude of the deposition varied
      considerably, depending on the prevailing weather, but even in areas of low
      deposition, iodine-131, caesium-134 and caesium-137 were measurable on pasture
      and in cows' milk. The accident provided an opportunity to study the influence of
      differences in herd management and in climate upon transfer to cows' milk. In
      this paper, results from a small mixed farm in Cumbria are compared with those
      from a large dairy farm in Berkshire for the first few weeks after deposition.
      The contrasting herd management practices in operation at these farms result in
      very different temporal variations in activity concentrations in milk, although
      in neither case were the maximum concentrations in milk sufficient to warrant
      restrictions on distribution or consumption.

PMID- 3363316
TI  - Natural radioactivity of some Spanish building materials.
AB  - The penetrating radiation from 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in conventional building
      materials has been measured by gamma spectrometry. A simple model is applied to
      the results to calculate the external radiation dose for people living in a
      typical Spanish house constructed with these materials. The radioactivity
      concentrations in the building materials were found to be similar to those
      reported for other countries. The average specific concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th
      and 40K for the total of 125 samples analyzed ranged from 5 to 421, 3 to 266 and
      11 to 599 Bq kg-1, respectively. The results are examined in the light of
      standards for indoor exposure adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany and the
      criteria set up in the OECD/NEA Report, 1979.

PMID- 3363317
TI  - Plutonium and americium uptake in rats fed with Cumbrian shellfish--implications
      for estimates of dose to man.
AB  - Winkles (Littorina littorea) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected on the
      Cumbrian coast contain americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium discharged from
      the nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield. Shellfish have been fed to
      rats and measurements made of the gastrointestinal absorption of the actinides.
      For shellfish collected over a 1-year period from March 1983 to February 1984,
      the average values for the fractional absorption of plutonium and americium were
      9 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4), respectively, for winkles and 1.5 x 10(-3) and 6 x 10(
      4), respectively, for mussels. Comparisons with results for winkles collected in
      December 1981 and mussels collected in July 1982 suggest that there may be
      considerable seasonal variation in the availability of the actinides for
      absorption. The results suggest that in calculations of doses to individuals
      consuming shellfish in west Cumbria, it may be prudent to examine the effect of
      using the new ICRP gut transfer factor of 1 x 10(-3) for both actinides, in
      comparison with the value of 5 x 10(-4) recommended previously by NRPB. The use
      of 1 x 10(-3) would increase the estimate of the committed effective dose
      equivalent for 1985 intakes, from the value of 0.73 mSv calculated by the
      Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, to 1.29 mSv. However, taking into
      account up-to-date estimates of the retention of the actinides in liver and bone
      would reduce this value to 1.07 mSv. If, in addition, allowance is made for the
      effect of the burial and recycling of actinides in bone, a significant reduction
      in the dose estimate could result; for example, the use of one proposed dynamic
      bone model would reduce the value from 1.07 to 0.54 mSv.

PMID- 3363318
TI  - The influence of dissolved selenium compounds on the accumulation of inorganic
      and methylated mercury compounds from solution by the mussel Mytilus edulis and
      the plaice Pleuronectes platessa.
AB  - In laboratory experiments, the effects of dissolved selenate and selenite (2 and
      200 micrograms Se l-1) on the accumulation of inorganic and methylated mercury (1
      microgram l-1) from solution by mussels (Mytilus edulis) and plaice (Pleuronectes
      platessa) have been studied. In mussels, selenate, and to a lesser extent
      selenite, markedly reduced the accumulation of inorganic mercury in gills,
      mantle, kidney and digestive gland. Selenate at 2 micrograms Se l-1 inhibited
      methylmercury accumulation in most organs, but the same effect was not observed
      at 200 micrograms l-1. Selenite had little effect on methylmercury accumulation.
      In plaice, selenate (2 and 200 micrograms l-1) and selenite (200 micrograms l-1)
      enhanced the accumulation of inorganic mercury in muscle only, but neither
      compound had any effect on the accumulation of methylated mercury.

PMID- 3363319
TI  - Baseline metal-in-dust concentrations in Greater London.
AB  - Baseline concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc have been
      measured in samples collected from surfaces remote from local sources of
      pollution across Greater London. The geometric means of concentrations of metals
      in dusts are 2.7 micrograms/g Cd, 79 micrograms/g Cu, 23,400 micrograms/g Fe, 370
      micrograms/g Pb and 372 micrograms/g Zn. Concentrations of metals in dust have
      been shown to exhibit marked distributions across Greater London, and the survey
      has indicated the location of a number of areas of elevated metal-in-dust levels,
      for example the Lee Valley industrial area in north London, central London, and
      parts of east and west London. The concentrations found are compared with results
      reported in other studies, and the potential sources of metal contamination in
      the London area are discussed.

PMID- 3363321
TI  - Correlations between pairs of simple physicochemical parameters of metal ions and
      acute toxicity in mice.
AB  - Our earlier study of correlations between single physical parameters
      characterizing divalent metal ions and their acute toxicity in mice is extended
      to linear combinations of pairs of parameters chosen from among the following
      five: ionic radius, sum of ionization potentials, atomic weight, Williams
      softness parameter, and electronegativity. Some improvements in the correlations
      are found by employing a two-parameter fit to a given set of toxicity data.
      Similar results are obtained when the grouping of metal ions is based on criteria
      suggested by Kaiser.

PMID- 3363320
TI  - Waste water treatment for heavy metal toxins using plant and hair as adsorbents.
AB  - The adsorption of cadmium, mercury and lead by Cattails (Typha Plant) and human
      hair has been investigated to assess their possible use as adsorbents in the
      treatment of industrial wastewater. Capacity experiments were performed, and it
      was found that significant amounts of cadmium, mercury and lead were adsorbed by
      Cattails, while only mercury was adsorbed by hair. Depending upon the
      concentration, adsorption capacities varied from 1 to 27 mg of metal per gram of
      adsorbent. The relatively fast uptake of cadmium and lead by Cattail leaves
      suggests that a continuous process is viable. The results are similar in the case
      of hair and mercury.

PMID- 3363322
TI  - Errors in bone fluoride analysis caused by large sample weights.

PMID- 3363323
TI  - Redecoration of external leaded paintwork and lead-in-dust concentrations in
      school playgrounds.
AB  - Playground lead-in-dust concentrations have been measured immediately after the
      external redecoration of 216 schools in 1983/4 and of 63 schools in 1984/5.
      Schools were divided into four age categories: A, pre-1914; B, 1914-1939; C, 1945
      1965; and D, post-1965. The results show that concentrations can vary widely from
      school to school within a given age category. For each school, dust samples were
      collected from an area adjacent to the facade which had been redecorated,
      referred to here as the 'corridor' area, and from the 'remaining' playground
      area. The highest mean corridor concentrations were found in playgrounds of
      schools of age categories A and B, the highest mean value being 74,400 micrograms
      g-1. The highest value for age category D schools was 2600 micrograms g-1. The
      mean concentration for all schools in age categories A to D, was respectively
      4720, 2820, 820 and 630 micrograms g-1 for the corridor area and 1180, 730, 400
      and 440 micrograms g-1 for the remaining area. The highest lead-in-dust
      concentrations tended to occur within 2.5 m of the building facade. A limited
      number of measurements showed that concentrations in the corridor area tended to
      reduce with time, falling to half their initial value (after correcting for the
      local background level) in about 90-170 days. A model is suggested linking lead
      in-dust concentrations in the corridor and remaining areas to lead-in-paint
      debris dust concentrations.

PMID- 3363324
TI  - Lead in human bones. Investigations on an occupationally non-exposed population
      in southern Bavaria (F.R.G.). II. Children.
AB  - The concentration of lead in three different bones (pelvic bone, cortical part of
      the mid-femur, petrous portion of the temporal bone) of 82 children who died in
      1984 was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Three age
      classes were selected: less than 1 year (n = 25); 1-6 years (n = 18); 10-20 years
      (n = 35). The Pb content of all three types of bone increased steadily with age,
      and was most pronounced in the temporal bone. The differentiation of the bones
      with respect to the Pb concentration, as seen in adults, increased from babies
      (geom. mean, temporal bone 0.33 mg/kg wet wt., femur 0.33, pelvic bone 0.26) to
      pre-school children (0.62; 0.74; 0.49) and to youths (1.76: 1.18; 0.63). Babies
      showed no dependence of the Pb concentration in bone on sex. For pre-school
      children, in all three bones the concentration of Pb in girls was higher, while
      for youths, the concentration in males exceeded that found in females. In any sub
      group the bones from urban children showed on average higher Pb concentrations
      than those from rural areas. For the mid-femur, and the age class 10-20 years,
      this difference was statistically significant. No difference was seen in the mean
      Pb concentration in bones of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and non-SIDS
      babies, but in the temporal bone the distribution of the Pb concentrations for
      the SIDS group was significantly greater than that of the control babies.2off

PMID- 3363325
TI  - The effect of reducing petrol lead on airborne lead in Wales, U.K.
AB  - Airborne lead has been measured at four urban, one semi-urban and one rural site
      in Wales during 1984, 1985 and 1986 to assess the effect of the reduction in lead
      additives in petrol which was required by an EC Directive at the beginning of
      1986. The results showed a 52-61% fall in air lead in accord with the 63%
      reduction in petrol lead.

PMID- 3363326
TI  - Spatial and temporal patterns in the fluoride content of vegetation around two
      aluminium smelters in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.
AB  - Spatial and temporal patterns in the fluoride content of native vegetation around
      two aluminium smelters in the Hunter Valley were studied between 1982 and 1985.
      Foliage samples were collected every month from dominant tree, shrub and herb
      species located up to 15 km from each smelter and, after washing, were analysed
      for their fluoride concentrations. At Kurri Kurri, an established smelter,
      fluoride emissions varied between 10 and 15 tonnes per month, or 1.8 and 2 kg
      [corrected] per tonne Al produced. At Tomago, they increased rapidly during start
      up, peaked at 15.2 tonnes per month (0.7 kg per tonne Al), and then fell to
      around 10 tonnes per month. Fluoride isopleths for Angophora bakeri and a
      histogram for A. costata, revealed that the main areas of impact were to the
      immediate north and north-east of Kurri Kurri and immediate north and south-east
      of Tomago. Although foliar fluoride concentrations greater than background levels
      extended 3 km from Kurri Kurri and 1 km from Tomago, fluoride-induced, visible
      injury was more limited in extent. Close to the smelters tree species accumulated
      more foliar fluoride than shrub species, which in turn accumulated more foliar
      fluoride than herb species. Foliar fluoride concentrations in tree and herb
      species were lowest in summer; spring peaks were also apparent at Tomago.

PMID- 3363327
TI  - Intercomparison exercise on the determination of plutonium in biological
      material.
AB  - This paper gives the results of an intercomparison exercise on the determination
      of plutonium-238 in urine. The urine, containing metabolised plutonium, was
      analysed by 6 laboratories in the United Kingdom and 5 in France. Three solutions
      were provided, a high and low level solution and a blank solution comprising the
      diluent urine. Several different methods were used by the various laboratories
      and the results showed good agreement between them.

PMID- 3363328
TI  - Environmental radiochemical analysis. Proceedings of the fifth Symposium.
      Harwell, United Kingdom, 1-3 October 1986. Part A.

PMID- 3363329
TI  - Activity measurements of Sr-90 and Cs-137 in spiked solutions of milk. Results of
      a national intercomparison in Italy.
AB  - A national intercomparison was organized by ENEA for activity measurements of
      90Sr and 137Cs in spiked solutions of milk. The participants in the
      intercomparison were the laboratories belonging to the Italian network for
      control of radioactivity in the environment. The purpose of these measurements
      was to check the reliability of measurement procedures and experimental means as
      routinely used by each participant. This first intercomparison showed appreciable
      discrepancies among the participants and this was due both to improper procedures
      and non correct calibrated spectrometers. Soon after a second intercomparison was
      carried out to check to what extent the previous results were reproducible among
      the various participants. Methods and results are discussed.

PMID- 3363330
TI  - Spiked natural matrix materials as quality assessment samples.
AB  - The Environmental Measurements Laboratory has conducted the Quality Assessment
      Program (QAP) since 1976 to evaluate the quality of the environmental
      radioactivity data, which is reported to the Department of Energy by as many as
      42 commercial contractors involved in nuclear work. In this program, matrix
      materials of known radionuclide concentrations are distributed routinely to the
      contractors and the reported results are compared. The five matrices used are:
      soil, vegetation, animal tissue, water and filter paper. Environmental soil,
      vegetation and animal tissue are used, but the water and filter paper samples are
      prepared by spiking with known amounts of standard solutions traceable to the
      National Bureau of Standards. A summary of results is given to illstrate the
      successful operation of the program. Because of the difficulty and high cost of
      collecting large samples of natural matrix material and to increase the
      versatility of QAP, an attempt was recently made to prepare the soil, vegetation
      and animal tissue samples with spiked solutions. A description of the preparation
      of these reference samples and the results of analyses are presented along with a
      discussion of the pitfalls and advantages of this approach.

PMID- 3363331
TI  - Environmental radiochemical analysis. Proceedings of the fifth symposium.
      Harwell, United Kingdom, 1-3 October 1986. Part B.

PMID- 3363332
TI  - Threat to the New York City water supply--plutonium.
AB  - The mayor of the City of New York received an anonymous letter on April 1st 1985
      threatening to contaminate the water supply with plutonium unless all criminal
      charges against Mr Bernhard Goetz, the suspect in a dramatic subway shooting
      incident, were dismissed by April 11th 1985. Local and Federal authorities were
      called upon to evaluate the credibility of the threat and to institute a "round
      the clock" monitoring program by New York City personnel. The Environmental
      Measurements Laboratory, EML, was requested by the City to analyse a composite,
      large volume (approximately 175 litres) drinking water sample collected by City
      personnel on April 16th 1985. The concentration measured was 21 fCi/l which was a
      factor of 100 greater than previously observed results in our data base, and the
      mass isotopic content of the plutonium was very unusual. Additional samples were
      collected one to three months later at various distribution points in the water
      supply system. The plutonium concentrations were much lower and comparable to
      EML's earlier data. Mass isotopic analysis of these samples provided more
      reasonable compositions but with high uncertainties due to very low plutonium
      concentration. Recent measurements of large volume samples, approximately 1000
      litres, collected in the Fall of 1985 from the New York City and New Jersey water
      supplies showed identical plutonium concentrations of 0.05 fCi/l. Mass isotopic
      analyses indicated similar 240Pu/239Pu ratios which were slightly lower than
      global fallout estimates. Due to our inability to confirm the elevated plutonium
      concentration value for the composite sample of April 16th 1985, it is impossible
      to conclude whether the threat to contaminate the New York City water supply was
      actually carried out or whether the sample was contaminated prior to receipt at
      EML.

PMID- 3363333
TI  - Occupational exposure to radionuclides in French nuclear power plants: five years
      excretion monitoring results.
AB  - In the French Nuclear Power Plants, monitoring of individual internal exposures
      is accomplished by lung counting by the medical service of the plant, and on
      request of the physician by analysis of biological samples in the Saint-Denis
      Laboratory. A description of the various methods used in the Laboratory for
      measuring low level activity samples is given. In particular, the performance of
      routine contamination monitoring by gamma spectrometry of urines with a
      semiconductor detector is discussed. An automatic system, designed for Marinelli
      beaker analysis, made up of a sample changer, a germanium detector and a
      computerized multichannel analyser is presented. The same device is used for
      counting faecal ashes and nose blows sampled after an incident. The estimation of
      the incorporated activities is achieved by using a computer program originating
      from the compartmental metabolic model of the ICRP. This paper presents a survey
      of routine monitoring of excretions over a period of 5 years, and a discussion of
      the ICRP Cobalt metabolic models based on the study of its elimination kinetics
      after occupational intake.

PMID- 3363334
TI  - Plutonium and Cs-137 in autopsy tissues in Great Britain.
AB  - Tissues removed at autopsy from members of the general public contain
      significantly higher concentrations of plutonium and 137Cs in west Cumbrians than
      in people from three other regions of Great Britain. Several autopsy cases from
      Cumbria showed unusually high values of plutonium. Subsequently it was found that
      the subjects had been former employees of British Nuclear Fuels.

PMID- 3363335
TI  - Analysis of tissue samples containing colloidal thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) or
      zirconium dioxide (Zirconotrast): radiochemical preparation and alpha
      spectrometry.
AB  - The aim of the present study is to assess the activity of the thorium isotopes,
      Th-232, Th-230, and Th-228 in tissue samples containing Thorotrast or
      Radiozirconotrast, i.e. Th-230 and Th-228 enriched Zirconotrast, in order to
      enable calculations of tissue doses. Therefore: 1. a procedure was developed for
      radiochemical processing of these samples, and 2. a computerised alpha
      spectroscopy system has been constructed for routine activity measurements. The
      procedure developed for sample preparation permitted complete radiochemical
      processing of the above tissue samples. By subsequent electrodeposition of the
      thorium isotopes as well as the internal isotopic tracer Th-229, almost massless
      sources were obtained for alpha-spectrometry. The recovery amounts to a mean of
      85% and 70% for tissues containing Thorotrast and Radiozirconotrast. With regard
      to the great number of samples to be measured and the expected counting times of
      more than 1500 min, a computerised alpha-spectroscopy system with a sample
      conveyor has been constructed. The energy resolution is between 45 keV and 75 keV
      FWHM. The detection efficiency amounts to 12%. The values of the detection level
      for the thorium isotopes are between 1,4 mBq and 3,1 mBq.

PMID- 3363336
TI  - Determination of plutonium in urine by radiochemical separation and use of etched
      CR-39 track analysis.
AB  - Well-validated preparative and radiochemical procedures for separating plutonium
      from urine by wet-oxidation, ion-exchange and electrodeposition are outlined.
      Recently developed application of etched alpha track analysis using an automated
      image analyser is described. Experiences with this sensitive radiometric
      technique are reported and discussed.

PMID- 3363337
TI  - Chernobyl fallout measurements in some Mediterranean biotas.
AB  - The radioactivity of various terrestrial vegetation leaves characteristic of
      Mediterranean countries has been measured after the Chernobyl accident. In
      addition, we paid particular attention to lichens and seaweed which are
      considered as bioindicators of radioactive contamination. Most measurements were
      performed non-destructively using both coaxial and planar HPGe detectors. For odd
      mass radionuclides having low energy lines, such as 125Sb or 141Ce the
      sensitivity of the planar HPGe detector is better than the coaxial detector. The
      concentration of long-lived fission nuclides remaining three months after the
      accident were found to be enhanced in needle form leaves and in lichens. The
      seaweed Sphaerococcus exhibits a strong specific activity for iodine and
      ruthenium elements and poor concentration for caesium nuclides. The activity
      ratios of different isotopes of the same element measured in vegetation samples
      agree well with values found in airborne aerosols by other authors. The
      activation nuclide 110mAg is found in all samples with the same ratio
      110mAg/137Cs = (1.0 +/- 0.2).10(-2) as in the soil deposition.

PMID- 3363338
TI  - Chernobyl--its impact on Austria.
AB  - The nuclear reactor accident of 26 April 1986 in Chernobyl, USSR, led to numerous
      investigations in Austria concerning radiation levels in the environment.
      Consequently measures were drawn up by the Austrian government in an effort to
      minimize the doses to the general public. The paper gives a general view of the
      programs set up by the Austrian Environmental Protection Agency and others in
      trying to assess basic measurement parameters.

PMID- 3363339
TI  - Atmospheric radon concentrations in dwellings in Slovenia, Yugoslavia.
AB  - About 120 homes in Slovenia, Yugoslavia, were selected in urban areas, in a
      uranium rain and mill region, around coal-fired plants and around a phosphate
      mill. Radon-222 in air was determined using alpha scintillation cells and the
      gamma dose rate measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters. The levels obtained
      were explained by differences in building materials and ventilation rates of
      homes, as well as by the influence of man-made radioactivity sources. The results
      show that in the same region radon concentration, expressed as geometric mean,
      can be up to eight times higher in winter than in the autumn (Pohorje) or nine
      times higher in one region relative to another (Zirovski vrh-Zasavje).

PMID- 3363340
TI  - Computer searches: effect on animal research.

PMID- 3363341
TI  - Clarification of donor status.

PMID- 3363342
TI  - Animal day.

PMID- 3363343
TI  - Heterosexual AIDS: setting the odds.

PMID- 3363344
TI  - Supreme Court denies plea of alcoholic vets.

PMID- 3363345
TI  - The big problem of brittle books.

PMID- 3363346
TI  - Rare treatment for rare items.

PMID- 3363347
TI  - Genome projects ready to go.

PMID- 3363348
TI  - Chance and repetition.

PMID- 3363349
TI  - Novel types of microscopes.

PMID- 3363350
TI  - Indoor radon: the deadliest pollutant.

PMID- 3363351
TI  - World competition in biotechnology.

PMID- 3363352
TI  - Biology teaching.
AB  - In Mark Crawford's story "Budget crunch stalls Super Collider" (News & Comment, 1
      Apr., p. 17) the caption accompanying the photograph was incorrect. The
      superconducting magnet pictured was 4.5 meters long, not 17 meters, as stated.

PMID- 3363354
TI  - Focus on the genome.

PMID- 3363353
TI  - Europe seeks strategy for biology.

PMID- 3363355
TI  - Science budget squeeze and the zero sum game.

PMID- 3363356
TI  - Toxic waste R&D effort stalled.

PMID- 3363357
TI  - Exploiting the insights from protein structure.

PMID- 3363358
TI  - Visualizing gene expression in time and space in the filamentous bacterium
      Streptomyces coelicolor.
AB  - Streptomycetes are prokaryotic microorganisms that exhibit a complex, mycelial
      fungus-like cycle of morphological differentiation. Development involves at least
      two spatially separated types of cells: the branching hyphae of the substrate
      mycelium, which penetrate the stratum upon which the colony feeds, and the
      upwardly protruding hyphae of the aerial mycelium, which undergo metamorphosis
      into spores. The luciferase-encoding luxA and luxB operon of the luminescent
      marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi was used as a promoter probe to visualize gene
      expression in differentiating colonies of Streptomyces coelicolor. Promoters for
      developmental genes of several kinds gave distinctive temporal and spatial
      patterns of light emission.

PMID- 3363360
TI  - Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds.
AB  - In many bird species, those pairs that breed earlier in the season have higher
      reproductive success than those that breed later. Since breeding date is known to
      be heritable, it is unclear why it does not evolve to an earlier time. Under
      assumptions outlined by Fisher, a model is developed that shows how breeding date
      may have considerable additive genetic variance, appear to be under directional
      selection, and yet not evolve. These results provide a general explanation for a
      persistent correlation of fitness with a variety of traits in natural
      populations.

PMID- 3363361
TI  - Kinsey sex surveys.

PMID- 3363359
TI  - Direct observation of the femtosecond excited-state cis-trans isomerization in
      bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - Femtosecond optical measurement techniques have been used to study the primary
      photoprocesses in the light-driven transmembrane proton pump bacteriorhodopsin.
      Light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin was excited with a 60-femtosecond pump pulse at
      618 nanometers, and the transient absorption spectra from 560 to 710 nanometers
      were recorded from -50 to 1000 femtoseconds by means of 6-femtosecond probe
      pulses. By 60 femtoseconds, a broad transient hole appeared in the absorption
      spectrum whose amplitude remained constant for about 200 femtoseconds. Stimulated
      emission in the 660- to 710-nanometer region and excited-state absorption in the
      560- to 580-nanometer region appeared promptly and then shifted and decayed from
      0 to approximately 150 femtoseconds. These spectral features provide a direct
      observation of the 13-trans to 13-cis torsional isomerization of the retinal
      chromophore on the excited-state potential surface. Absorption due to the primary
      ground-state photoproduct J appears with a time constant of approximately 500
      femtoseconds.

PMID- 3363363
TI  - NIH firing: a shot across the bow?

PMID- 3363362
TI  - AIDS education.

PMID- 3363364
TI  - Duke, NSF reach accord.

PMID- 3363365
TI  - Chernobyl area to be ecological reserve.

PMID- 3363366
TI  - Genentech sets up research foundation.

PMID- 3363368
TI  - Watson may head genome office.

PMID- 3363367
TI  - Wistar proposes U.S. test of rabies vaccine.

PMID- 3363369
TI  - Brain graft puzzles.

PMID- 3363370
TI  - Evolution's link to development explored.

PMID- 3363371
TI  - Why is the world full of large females?

PMID- 3363372
TI  - Synaptic rearrangement during postembryonic development in the cricket.
AB  - Synaptic rearrangement during development is a characteristic of the vertebrate
      nervous system and was thought to distinguish vertebrates from the invertebrates.
      However, examination of the wind-sensitive cercal sensory system of the cricket
      demonstrates that some identified synaptic connections systematically decrease in
      strength as an animal matures, while others increase in strength over the same
      period. Moreover, a single sensory neuron could increase the strength of its
      synaptic connection with one interneuron while decreasing the strength of its
      connection with another interneuron. Thus, rather than being a hallmark of the
      vertebrate nervous system, synaptic rearrangement is probably characteristic of
      the development of many if not all nervous systems.

PMID- 3363373
TI  - Reduction of naturally occurring motoneuron death in vivo by a target-derived
      neurotrophic factor.
AB  - Treatment of chick embryos in ovo with crude and partially purified extracts from
      embryonic hindlimbs (days 8 to 9) during the normal cell death period (days 5 to
      10) rescues a significant number of motoneurons from degeneration. The survival
      activity of partially purified extract was dose-dependent and developmentally
      regulated. The survival of sensory, sympathetic, parasympathetic, and a
      population of cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons was unaffected by
      treatment with hindlimb extract. The massive motoneuron death that occurs after
      early target (hindlimb) removal was partially ameliorated by daily treatment with
      the hindlimb extract. These results indicate that a target-derived neurotrophic
      factor is involved in the regulation of motoneuron survival in vivo.

PMID- 3363374
TI  - Theoretical studies of DNA during gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A numerical study of the motion of a long-chain macromolecule in a gel has shown
      unexpected features. The application of a field appears to induce the chain to
      contract on itself. This is followed by its "unwinding" into an extended
      configuration. For long chains, the mobility tends toward a constant, in accord
      with experiments. For the parameter range used, the observed molecular motion
      differs strongly from assumptions made in the present theory of electrophoresis.

PMID- 3363375
TI  - Alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholic liver disease: genetic, biochemical, and
      clinical aspects.

PMID- 3363376
TI  - Osteosclerotic myeloma variants.
AB  - We describe three patients with sclerotic multiple myeloma. One patient had
      diffuse bone sclerosis, one had mixed sclerotic and lytic lesions, and the third
      had POEMS syndrome. The radiological, clinical, and etiological features of
      sclerotic myeloma variants are discussed.

PMID- 3363377
TI  - Nontraumatic avulsion of the lesser trochanter: a pathognomonic sign of
      metastatic disease?
AB  - Isolated avulsion fractures of the lesser trochanter resulting from trauma are
      most commonly seen in adolescent athletes and are rare in adults. Standard
      therapy is nonsurgical with bedrest and immobilization of the leg. However, when
      this lesion is seen in the adult without significant trauma, it should be
      regarded as secondary to metastatic neoplasm until proven otherwise. Treatment
      should be surgical with prophylactic internal fixation of the hip to help prevent
      the commonly associated subtrochanteric pathologic fracture. In a patient without
      a known primary malignancy, biopsy should be carried out before therapy. We
      describe four patients with isolated avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter
      due to metastatic carcinoma. Radiologists should be aware of this lesion because
      its presence has a decisive effect on therapy.

PMID- 3363378
TI  - The headless bone scan: an uncommon manifestation of metastatic superscan in
      carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - Five cases of metastatic prostatic carcinoma are presented. In each case,
      skeletal metastases were extensive, but the calvaria was not involved, resulting
      in a headless appearance. The mechanism for this scintigraphic manifestation is
      presented, and its value is emphasized.

PMID- 3363379
TI  - Chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of the iliac bone. Etiological possibilities.
AB  - An adolescent with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis located to both
      iliac bones and an adult with pustulotic arthro-osteitis, involving the left
      iliac bone, an invertebral space, and the sternoclavicular, first sternocostal,
      manubriosternal and single peripheral joints are described. Their iliac bone
      changes were identical, except for the occurrence of bilateral changes in the
      adolescent, and ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint in the adult. It is suggested
      that chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and pustulotic arthro-osteitis
      may be related diseases with age-dependent differences.

PMID- 3363380
TI  - Subacute osteoporotic compression fracture: misleading magnetic resonance
      appearance.
AB  - Three patients with benign subacute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
      are presented. T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images (SE 500/30) showed
      decreased vertebral signal. Because the results of the MR examination were
      thought to indicate malignant disease, extensive medical workups, including one
      biopsy, were pursued in all three patients. Routine (SE 500/30) spin-echo pulse
      sequences cannot definitively distinguish between benign and malignant vertebral
      compression fractures.

PMID- 3363381
TI  - Case report 457. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman
      disease) presenting as lesion in the sacrum.

PMID- 3363382
TI  - Case report 466. Granulomatous tenosynovitis (left 3rd finger).

PMID- 3363383
TI  - Case report 467. Cystic chondroblastoma left 4th rib.

PMID- 3363384
TI  - Case report 468. Epiphyseal osteoid osteoma distal end of femur.

PMID- 3363385
TI  - Case report 469. Spondylitis (lumbar spine) due to Brucella abortus.

PMID- 3363386
TI  - Case report 470. Conventional chondrosarcoma of the left fibula.

PMID- 3363387
TI  - Case report 471. Hemophilic pseudotumors (presumptive diagnosis) and hemophilic
      arthropathy of elbow.

PMID- 3363388
TI  - The impact of magnetic resonance on the diagnostic evaluation of acute
      cervicothoracic spinal trauma.
AB  - From 1984 to 1987 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 100 patients
      suffering acute spinal trauma. MR demonstrated one or more injuries to the
      cervicothoracic region in 31 patients. It displayed a spectrum of spinal cord
      injury ranging from mild compression and swelling to complete transection. MR was
      also useful in evaluating alignment at the cervicothoracic junction, in depicting
      ligamentous injury, in establishing the presence of disc herniation, and in
      identifying unsuspected levels of injury. We present a diagnostic algorithm that
      incorporates the role of MR in evaluating acute cervicothoracic spinal trauma and
      emphasizes the replacement of myelography by MR in the initial assessment of
      neurologic deficit.

PMID- 3363389
TI  - Computed tomographic sinography in orthopedic radiology.
AB  - Twenty-one computed tomographic (CT) and 17 conventional sinographies were
      performed on 17 patients with lesions in the musculoskeletal system. The CT
      sinography was superior to the conventional examination in all cases, giving
      detailed information on the relationship between the sinuses and neighboring soft
      tissue and skeletal structures. CT sinography is recommended as the primary
      method for examination of musculoskeletal sinuses.

PMID- 3363390
TI  - Physicians and chronic impairment: a study of ophthalmologists' interactions with
      visually impaired and blind patients.
AB  - A questionnaire was distributed to a systematic sample of ophthalmologists in
      order to determine their role in the rehabilitation of visually impaired and
      blind patients. Ophthalmologists' knowledge of rehabilitation services in their
      community is incomplete, and the most frequently made referrals are to state
      agencies for the blind and visually impaired or to low vision clinics, rather
      than to more specialized agencies. The diagnosis and prognosis are almost always
      discussed with patients who are legally blind, but prescriptions of adaptive aids
      are infrequent. Visually impaired and blind patients would receive more services
      if ophthalmology residents were required to take coursework in rehabilitation and
      if information about available services were disseminated to practicing
      ophthalmologists on a regular basis.

PMID- 3363391
TI  - Religious values, practices and pregnancy outcomes: a comparison of the impact of
      sect and mainstream Christian affiliation.
AB  - In this report 6566 women enrolled in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of
      Pregnancy (MUSP) were separated into three groups; members of religious sects,
      Christians who attend church frequently and Christians who are infrequent
      attenders. These three groups, respectively labelled Christian sects, Christian
      attenders and lukewarm Christians were compared on a number of social background,
      lifestyle and pregnancy outcome variables. The sect members appeared to have the
      most favourable health, lifestyles and healthy babies at delivery, though this
      latter finding appears attributable to specific characteristics of the mother and
      her lifestyle. On most measures the children of lukewarm Christians appear to
      manifest the worst health while Christian attenders form a group whose children's
      health is between that of sect members and lukewarm Christians.

PMID- 3363392
TI  - Pharmacies as alternative sources of medical care: the case of Cincinnati.
AB  - Since the distribution of pharmacies is more equal, vis-a-vis population, than
      the distribution of physicians in Cincinnati the feasibility of using pharmacies
      as supplements to the primary care system was explored. In a sample of 108
      pharmacies, it was found that 13% of the customer population asked medically
      related questions; pharmacists estimated that on average some 35% of their
      customers ask such questions. Women ask questions more frequently than men. Some
      61% of the pharmacists would be willing to write and fill prescriptions should
      such a law be enacted in Ohio. If such a law were to be enacted consumer
      education and architectural modification of pharmacies would enhance the use of
      pharmacies as sources of medical care.

PMID- 3363393
TI  - The metaphorical nature of drugs and drug taking.
AB  - An inquiry into the role metaphor plays in personal and societal conceptions of
      drugs and drug taking reveals that drug metaphors and symbols are quite pervasive
      in individual thinking, social discourse, and the cultural media. They appear to
      influence beliefs and attitudes regarding drugs, the nature and meaning of drug
      experiences, and the reasons behind drug-taking behaviors. Some drug metaphors
      are common to different cultures and historical periods, while others are
      specific and exclusive to particular individuals and groups or drug-taking
      situations. These metaphors can carry positive as well as negative connotations.
      Further study is needed to delineate the metaphorical structuring of our thinking
      about drugs, and the process whereby these metaphors are generated and spread
      throughout society.

PMID- 3363394
TI  - The economy of time in general practice: an assessment of the influence of list
      size.
AB  - A lack of time is one of the major reasons given to account for low quality care
      provided in general practice. One of the basic assumptions inherent in this
      explanation is that activities in general practice are shaped by the level of
      patient demand and general practitioners have little control over their work. The
      objective of this study is to explore empirically this assumption that general
      practice is demand led by examining the relationship between list size and the
      time general practitioners spend at work-related activities. The analysis uses
      data gathered from a survey carried out on a nationally representative sample of
      unrestricted principals (N = 1419) living in England and Wales. The results show
      that list size is statistically significantly associated with each of the
      different indices of time allocation, although it is only relatively strongly
      associated with hours spent on surgery consultations and surgery consultation
      rates. The implications of these findings are discussed and it is suggested that
      the demand led model provides only a partial explanation for variations in time
      allocation in general practice.

PMID- 3363395
TI  - Self-evaluations of factors promoting and disturbing sleep: an epidemiological
      survey in Finland.
AB  - The purpose of this epidemiological survey (N = 1600) was to describe the factors
      which middle-aged urban people in Finland perceived as promoting or disturbing
      sleep. The response rate was 75%. The results suggested that quality of sleep is
      determined by numerous factors; social and psychological factors, health status,
      external sleeping conditions, life style and living habits. Every third
      respondent felt that exercise had a positive impact on sleep. Second in
      importance were reading and listening to music. Furthermore, sauna, shower and
      bath, stability in life, psychological factors, positive experience in work,
      satisfactory sexual life and good and quiet sleeping environment were reported to
      have positive effects on sleep. Men considered work-related pressure and fatigue
      (20%) as the most important factor disturbing falling asleep or quality of sleep.
      In women's ranking work problems appeared no sooner than in the third place.
      Women reported worries, interpersonal problems, and marital and family discord as
      the most disturbing factors to sleep (37%). Coffee in the evening had a negative
      effect on falling asleep. Although a 'nightcap' was considered to improve
      relaxation on falling sleep, men ranked alcohol as the fourth disturbing factor.
      Other disturbing factors were stress, irregularities in everyday life because of
      social events, travelling or atypical catnaps. Eating and exercising too heavily
      or too late in the evening were found to disturb sleep. On the other hand,
      temporary lack of exercise seemed to impair the quality of sleep. As external
      factors disturbing sleep the subjects considered noise light, too high room
      temperature, tight clothing, unfamiliar sleeping environment and restless
      children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363396
TI  - Do health beliefs predict health behaviour? A follow-up analysis of breast self
      examination.
AB  - In a previous paper, we suggested that women who attended classes on breast self
      examination showed significant improvements in behaviour, and that part of the
      reason was a change in their beliefs. Further analysis of our data confirms the
      original conclusion, and indicates that the perceived value of doing the
      behaviour is a more important predictor than perceived vulnerability to cancer.

PMID- 3363397
TI  - Work dynamics in family care of hemophilic children.
AB  - School-aged boys with hemophilia, their parents, and siblings were interviewed
      and observed over a 5-year period, the field work taking place in their homes,
      schools, and during hospitalization, clinic visits, and summer camp periods.
      Sequential, open-ended interviews, and participant-observation techniques enabled
      the inquiry to study the process of the children's development as a major factor
      in changes that occurred in the management of their illness over time.
      Qualitative issues identified for study focused on the divisions of labor
      inherent in family interactions concerning the care of their hemophiliac
      children. The locus of control relative to particular technical medical
      interventions shifted from the medical center to a parent, eventually to each
      boy, with his associated development. Shifts were not entirely unidirectional,
      particular conditions influencing the tasks which transfer, the pace of changes
      and the resulting consequences. Categories of tasks are examined, with specific
      focus being the learning-teaching processes, the related awareness contexts, and
      the temporal dimensions involved. Concurrent with the hemophiliac boys' learning
      to infuse themselves with their particular missing clotting factor, a speaking up
      for themselves in interaction with peers and nonparent adults, relative to
      defining or treating the hemophilia, did not shift away from their parents. The
      boys' nonassumption of this aspect of their interactions is associated with a
      developing self-consciousness about their 'differences', which indicated a
      greater willingness to take physical risk (nonattention to the hemophilia
      requirements) than the social risk of emphasizing difference from peers. Adult
      intermediating, especially in the larger school contexts, thus remained primarily
      the parents' task in order to support the children's integration into the
      organizations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363398
TI  - Psychotropic drug use in a Swedish community--the importance of demographic and
      socioeconomic factors.
AB  - In this study the importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors for the use
      of psychotropic drugs in the general population of a Swedish community was
      studied using data from a research registry on prescriptions. The study showed
      that age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status and distance to the health
      center had independent and significant effects on the use of psychotropic drugs.
      Age was of very great importance; the proportion of users was more than ten times
      greater among individuals aged 75-84 years than among those aged 18-34 years.
      Furthermore it was approximately twice as common with those drugs among women as
      compared to men. Differences with regard to marital and socioeconomic status were
      also present but these were generally small except in certain groups such as men
      aged 35-44 who were not employed, divorced men aged 45-54 and 55-64 years and
      single women aged 35-44 years.

PMID- 3363399
TI  - Offering patients a choice of surgery for early breast cancer: a reduction in
      anxiety and depression in patients and their husbands.
AB  - Thirty patients with early breast cancer have been studied prospectively to
      assess whether being offered a choice of surgery (simple mastectomy or wide
      excision plus radiotherapy) influences levels of anxiety and depression pre- and
      post-operatively. A significantly higher percentage of the patients not offered a
      choice of surgery experienced clinical levels of anxiety and depression pre
      operatively and up to 2 months post-operatively compared with patients offered a
      choice; the results were also similar for the husbands of these patients. At 6
      months, differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant,
      although the trend remained the same with more patients not offered a choice of
      treatment showing high levels of anxiety and depression. Patients offered a
      choice of surgery had similar pre-operative levels of anxiety and depression to
      patients with benign breast disease and patients undergoing surgery for non
      cancerous conditions. This study indicates that with proper counselling patients
      and husbands suffer less stress if they are allowed to take an active part in the
      treatment of their cancer.

PMID- 3363400
TI  - Models of mystery: physician and patient perceptions of sudden infant death
      syndrome.
AB  - Sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS is the term applied to unexplained infant
      deaths. This syndrome is distinguished by a lack of knowledge about its cause,
      pathophysiology, and possibilities for prevention. Given these uncertainties,
      SIDS provides an opportunity to investigate what types of explanatory models are
      constructed by physicians and patients when relatively little is known about a
      condition, and how these models may be translated into clinical practice.
      Interviews about SIDS were conducted with members of a Pediatric Pulmonary
      Section and their high risk patients, and the clinical interactions between the
      staff and families were observed. The pulmonary model focused on physiological
      causes which might affect respiration, and reflected uncertainty in both content
      and variability. Parents largely accepted the respiratory hypothesis, although
      they also considered nonphysiological causes. They tended to manage the
      uncertainty by focusing on ways to prevent SIDS and by believing they could
      predict which babies might die. However, observations of clinical interactions
      revealed that very little of the uncertainty as perceived by either the staff or
      the parents was discussed. The staff is able to emphasize hope for a particular
      patient, despite the uncertainty that surrounds SIDS, by following an explicit
      protocol which states how to handle a child despite the theoretical unknowns, and
      focusing on the knowns about the particular baby's condition.

PMID- 3363401
TI  - Maternal employment and child nutrition in Panama.
AB  - The major question addressed in this research is: 'Does maternal employment
      affect child dietary intake and nutritional status and if so, what mediating
      factors are important?' Maternal employment has been seen to have two conflicting
      effects on child nutrition--via increased income and decreased time available in
      the household. Efficiency and preferences of the household will vary and are
      likely to be of major importance in these relationships. A comprehensive measure
      of these inputs was devised using the concept of 'differentiation', defined as
      the capacity to process a diversity of information types. Various indicators of
      this concept were identified at both the household and the maternal levels and
      entered into a principal component analysis which generated composite variables.
      The data, including weighed dietary intakes and observed time use for mothers and
      substitutes, were collected during a 1 year stay in Panama. The results of a
      series of stepwise and multiple regression analyses lead to the conclusion that
      maternal employment, in this population, has a positive effect on child
      nutrition. In most cases, employment status enters into interactions with a
      variety of effect modifiers, suggesting the highly situational aspect of the
      relationships. Maternal time in home production decreases with her employment but
      total household time in these activities does not, due to the inputs of other
      household members. Maternal income seems to be of key importance to dietary
      intake. The maternal differentiation variable is consistently and positively
      related to dietary and anthropometric outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363402
TI  - Values and vocational choice: a study of value differences in medical, nursing
      and psychology students.
AB  - Groups of nursing, medical and psychology first year students completed the
      Rokeach Value Survey, which measures both terminal and instrumental values. A
      third of the terminal and half the instrumental values yielded significant
      differences. Generally it seemed that the nursing students were more similar to
      the medical students than to the psychology students in their rank-ordered values
      for terminal values and to a lesser extent for the instrumental values.
      Speculations as to the effects of predispositional versus socialization variables
      on value system structure and change are made for these groups. The problem of
      confounding variables is also addressed.

PMID- 3363403
TI  - Women in search of stability.
AB  - This paper is based on a study of 97 recruits--50 sterilized and 47 non
      sterilized--to a family planning programme in Kingston, Jamaica and tries to
      account for the reluctance of Jamaican women to accept contraceptive
      sterilization. The study demonstrates the association between mating patterns in
      the island and the acceptance of sterilization. This irreversible method was more
      likely to be chosen by women in more stable sexual unions.

PMID- 3363404
TI  - Cognitive appraisals in cancer patients.
AB  - Coping with cancer was examined using interviews with outpatient subjects in a
      correlational design. Specific attention was given to the relationships between
      cognitive appraisals and various aspects of adjustment. Appraisals were selected
      in accord with Lazarus' (1980) model of coping. The primary appraisal of
      perceived life threat appeared negatively related to adjustment. The primary
      appraisal process also appeared to involve multiple, simultaneous appraisals.
      Several secondary appraisals emerged as correlates of adjustment: perceived
      personal control, God-control, and chance-control, along with perceived control
      over emotional reactions. Overall, cognitive appraisals appeared to be modest
      predictors of adjustment.

PMID- 3363405
TI  - Breastfeeding and cognitive development in the first 2 years of life.
AB  - The relationship between breastfeeding and cognitive development in the first 2
      years of life was examined in a cohort of children being followed in a study of
      risk factors in development. A significant difference between bottlefed children,
      children breastfed less than or equal to 4 months and those breastfed greater
      than 4 months was found on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales at
      ages 1 and 2 years, favoring the breastfed children. At age 6 months, the
      direction of the relationship was the same but did not reach significance.
      Supplementary regression analyses examining the strength of the relationship
      between duration of breastfeeding and cognitive development similarly showed a
      small but significant relationship between duration of breastfeeding and scores
      on the Bayley at 1 and 2 years. Alternative explanations for the results are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363406
TI  - Jakarta kampung morbidity variations: some policy implications.
AB  - Urban growth in the developing world is likely to be accompanied by health
      problems in crowded zones where services are not available. Geographical analyses
      of aggregated data may prove interesting, but reliability and utility of spatial
      correlations are greater when microscale data are acquired. In this study data
      for households in 11 Jakarta neighborhoods were collected in interviews. Malaria
      and diarrheal disease patterns have been correlated with environmental and
      socioeconomic variables at the household level. Several environmental
      characteristics seem to be closely associated with the incidence of malaria and
      diarrheal diseases.

PMID- 3363407
TI  - On feeling crook in bourke and being stupified by medical journals.

PMID- 3363408
TI  - A medical view of medical geography.

PMID- 3363409
TI  - [Possibilities of the forensic evaluation of the condition of the cervical spine
      and position of the head as risk factors for the development of cerebral
      hypoxia].

PMID- 3363410
TI  - [Determination of ethyl alcohol blood levels in drowned persons as an auxiliary
      method for proof of drowning].

PMID- 3363411
TI  - [Intensive plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute polyradiculoneuritis].

PMID- 3363412
TI  - [Immunomorphology of respiratory organs in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3363413
TI  - [Microcirculatory disorders in nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3363414
TI  - [Clinico-pathogenetic aspects of the effectiveness of laser therapy in patients
      with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3363415
TI  - [Infrared thermography].

PMID- 3363416
TI  - [Progress in science and technology, medicine and the law].

PMID- 3363417
TI  - [Myocardial dystrophy in various congenital enzymopathies].

PMID- 3363418
TI  - [Concepts of the development of disease in the theory of internal medicine].

PMID- 3363419
TI  - [Effect of peridural analgesia on pain and gastrointestinal syndromes in acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3363420
TI  - [Nitrosorbide in the complex treatment of chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 3363422
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the spine and spinal cord].

PMID- 3363421
TI  - [Metastases of cancer of the thyroid to the bones].

PMID- 3363423
TI  - [Characterization of microflora of suppurative-inflammatory complications in
      cancer patients and its significance in rational antibiotic and phagotherapy].

PMID- 3363424
TI  - [Surgical treatment of abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3363425
TI  - [Peritonitis after gastrectomy in middle-aged and elderly patients].

PMID- 3363426
TI  - [Functional treatment of intra-articular fractures of the knee joint].

PMID- 3363427
TI  - [Effect of oral rehydration therapy on the function of the kidneys in food
      poisoning].

PMID- 3363428
TI  - [Variants of the clinical course of protracted forms of hepatitis A].

PMID- 3363429
TI  - [Treatment of lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3363430
TI  - [Diagnostic and tactical errors in the treatment of acute lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3363431
TI  - [Early stages of breast cancer].

PMID- 3363432
TI  - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of lumbar disk hernias.
      Optimizing imaging parameters at various magnetic field powers].

PMID- 3363433
TI  - [Diagnosis of femur head necrosis. A comparison of the performance of nuclear
      magnetic resonance tomography with scintigraphy and the conventional roentgen
      image].

PMID- 3363434
TI  - [Osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyles in nuclear magnetic resonance
      tomography: primary diagnosis and postoperative follow-up].

PMID- 3363435
TI  - [The value of gadolinium-DTPA in the study of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3363436
TI  - [Isolated Crohn disease of the stomach].

PMID- 3363437
TI  - [Modified method of preparation for double-contrast examination of the colon].

PMID- 3363438
TI  - [Prevention of contrast medium-induced hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3363439
TI  - [Prevention of myalgia after intravenous administration of succinylcholine
      iodide].

PMID- 3363440
TI  - [The lateral lumbar approach in positioning the patient for induction of epidural
      anesthesia].

PMID- 3363441
TI  - [Nosocomial infections in resuscitation care].

PMID- 3363442
TI  - [The present concept of vital functions and critical states].

PMID- 3363443
TI  - [General anesthesia in relation to stress and shock. 3. Metabolic changes in
      lipids in surgical stress and shock and the effect of the metabolism of
      anesthetics].

PMID- 3363444
TI  - [General anesthesia in relation to stress and shock. 4. Pathophysiologic
      characteristics of shock during anesthesia. General pharmacodynamics of
      anesthetics in shock].

PMID- 3363445
TI  - [A method for combined general electroanalgesia].

PMID- 3363447
TI  - Spinal stenosis at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg.

PMID- 3363446
TI  - [Comparison of general and epidural anesthesia in femoral fractures in persons
      over 60].

PMID- 3363448
TI  - Intra-oral open reduction of mandibular fractures by superior alveolar fixation.
      Analysis of 51 cases.

PMID- 3363449
TI  - Acute acalculous cholecystitis.

PMID- 3363450
TI  - Duodenal mucosa in acute ulceration.

PMID- 3363451
TI  - Prevention of outflow venous stenosis in arteriovenous grafts.

PMID- 3363452
TI  - Colonic involvement in pancreatitis. A case report.

PMID- 3363454
TI  - Surgical certainty.

PMID- 3363453
TI  - Acute appendicitis associated with caecal volvulus. A report of 2 cases.

PMID- 3363455
TI  - Pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy with gastric 'pull-up' for cancer of the
      hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus.

PMID- 3363456
TI  - Social Security area population projections: 1987.
AB  - The following article, first published as Actuarial Study No. 99, describes the
      population projections that underlie the long-range cost estimates for the Old
      Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, which are included in
      the 1987 Report of the OASDI Board of Trustees. The projections start from a
      recent estimate of the population in the Social Security Area by age, sex, and
      martial status and from an estimate of existing marriages by age of husband and
      age of wife. Three separate projections, denoted Alternatives I, II, and III, are
      developed by analyzing historical data and making three different sets of
      assumptions about future net immigration, birth rates, and death rates.

PMID- 3363457
TI  - Minitracheotomy and the control of sputum.

PMID- 3363458
TI  - Fasciotomy for severe, blunt and penetrating trauma of the extremity.
AB  - Blunt or penetrating injuries to the extremity with vascular or severe soft
      tissue and skeletal trauma frequently require fasciotomy. Long term follow-up
      studies of these patients are rare. From 1976 to 1983, 85 patients underwent 39
      fasciotomies upon the upper extremities and 57 upon the lower. Amputations were
      required in 11 patients; four due to primary vascular compromise, six to severe
      crush injury and one to electric burn with myonecrosis. The fasciotomy was not
      etiologically related to limb loss in any of these patients. Osteomyelitis
      occurred in two patients. Long term follow-up data was obtained by telephone and
      mail survey from 23 of the 61 patients five to 11 years after injury. Pain,
      weakness and paresthesia were major determinants of long term morbidity. Chronic
      edema was present in two patients. Seven of the patients interviewed were
      unemployed due to the injuries they received to the extremities. Most symptoms
      were believed to be due to the severity of the injury, and none were directly
      attributed to the fasciotomy. When fasciotomy is indicated, it is a safe
      adjunctive procedure in limb salvage and contributes very little to the long term
      morbidity of patients with severe trauma to the extremity.

PMID- 3363459
TI  - The influence of the surgical technique upon the short term and long term
      anatomic results in reconstructive operation for renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The anatomic results of reconstructive operation for renovascular disease was
      analyzed in 161 patients with hypertension who were treated between 1959 and
      1983. Arteriosclerotic lesions in 103 patients were repaired by endarterectomy
      (58 per cent), autologous bypasses (27 per cent) and miscellaneous procedures (15
      per cent). Fibrodysplastic lesions in 58 patients were treated by in situ
      procedures (54 per cent) and by extracorporeal repair and autotransplantation (46
      per cent). The results were evaluated by means of angiography at both a short
      term and long term interval after the operation. Angiograms were taken of 79 per
      cent of the reconstructions at the short term interval and 65 per cent at the
      long term interval. For the short term interval, the failure rate of
      angiographically verified reconstructions was 5.7 per cent for arteriosclerotic
      and 5.8 per cent for fibrodysplastic lesions. The secondary nephrectomy rate was
      3.4 and 4.5 per cent, respectively. Surgical expertise appeared to be an
      important factor, since all failures but one occurred during the first period of
      the study. Furthermore, the introduction of extracorporeal reconstruction reduced
      the failure rate for reconstructive operation for fibrodysplasia; residual
      lesions in the main renal artery did not occur and those of reconstructed hilar
      branches were only occasionally observed (6.9 per cent). For the long term
      interval, failure rates were 17 per cent for arteriosclerotic and 14 per cent for
      fibrodysplastic lesions. In this respect, the results obtained with
      endarterectomy and arterial bypasses were superior to those obtained with venous
      bypasses. We conclude that surgical technique is the most important factor for
      successful reconstruction and that the use of autologous materials, except
      autologous veins, is preferred.

PMID- 3363460
TI  - Prevention of the development of a vesicovaginal fistula.
AB  - The cause of vesicovaginal fistulas after hysterectomy is not clearly understood.
      In an attempt to determine its cause, the records of 12 patients who had
      vesicovaginal fistula develop (after total abdominal hysterectomy) were compared
      with 12 consecutive patients who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy without
      fistula formation. Most of the patients who had vesicovaginal fistulas develop
      had excessive postoperative abdominal pain, distension or paralytic ileus, or
      both. Hematuria and symptoms of irritability of the bladder were also noted in
      the fistula group and prolonged postoperative fever and increased white blood
      cell count occurred more often. In contrast, the postoperative course was
      uncomplicated in the nonfistula group. The clinical course observed in many of
      the patients with vesicovaginal fistulas suggests that the patients had an
      unrecognized injury to the bladder resulting in urinary extravasation. It is
      postulated that the fistula develops when the urinoma drains into the vaginal
      cuff which is dependent and usually not closed. It may be possible to abort the
      development of many vesicovaginal fistulas by early recognition and treatment of
      an unsuspected bladder injury. It is suggested that patients with severe
      abdominal pain, distension, paralytic ileus, hematuria or symptoms of severe
      irritability of the bladder after abdominal hysterectomy be investigated early
      for a possible bladder injury.

PMID- 3363462
TI  - Transduodenal sphincteroplasty using the carbon dioxide laser.
AB  - A new method of performing a transduodenal sphincteroplasty using the carbon
      dioxide laser has been done in 43 patients. The advantages include more accurate
      incisions and exposure, less bleeding and no need for a sutured anastomosis. The
      procedure is particularly suited for the surgical treatment of pancreas divisum.

PMID- 3363461
TI  - The effect of ligation of the inferior thyroid artery upon thyroid remnant
      function.
AB  - The cause of hypothyroidism after subtotal thyroidectomy for primary
      thyrotoxicosis is not precisely understood. Activity is not just related to the
      size of the thyroid remnants, and ischemia of the remnants has been suggested as
      a factor which might contribute to the development of hypothyroidism. A
      prospective study has been carried out to look for evidence that ischemia is
      implicated. In 55 patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy for primary
      thyrotoxicosis, the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was ligated on one side but
      preserved on the opposite side. All of the patients had postoperative isotope
      scans. We predicted that, if ITA ligation produced significant ischemia of the
      remnant, then the remnant with the intact ITA ought to show greater activity on
      the postoperative scan. This was not the case. The remnant with the intact ITA
      was dominant in only 15 of 55 patients, the remnant with the ligated ITA was
      dominant in the same proportion, 15 of 55 patients, while in the remaining 25
      patients, activity was equally distributed between the two remnants. The results
      of this study provides no evidence to support the contention that nonligation of
      the inferior thyroid arteries will reduce ischemia of the thyroid remnants and
      thereby discourage postoperative hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3363463
TI  - Malignant melanoma in Auckland, New Zealand.
AB  - A retrospective study of 972 patients diagnosed as having cutaneous malignant
      melanoma in the Auckland area from 1970 to 1985 is presented. The incidence of
      malignant melanoma in New Zealand is similar to that in Scandinavia, being higher
      than in the United Kingdom and lower than that in Queensland, Australia. The
      general trends in terms of anatomic predilection, and sex differences in terms of
      survival time, are similar in patients living in New Zealand to what has been
      reported from other countries. The over-all five year survival time of patients
      with malignant melanoma in New Zealand is within the five year spectrum reported
      from other countries. Major factors governing survival time in patients in New
      Zealand are the level of invasion, ulceration of the primary lesion, the presence
      of local recurrence and, in men, nodular histologic factors and the presence of a
      primary lesion on either the trunk or the head and neck region. Factors important
      in governing the incidence of local recurrence are the level of invasion, the
      presence of satellites, a primary lesion located in the head and neck region and
      inadequate resection margins in the head and neck region. There is no obvious
      adverse effect of pregnancy upon the outcome of women with malignant melanoma.
      Malignant melanoma in patients living in Maori and Polynesia is rare, but
      clinically, pathologically and prognostically, it is similar to that found in
      Caucasians.

PMID- 3363464
TI  - The outcome of thymectomy in nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis.
AB  - From October 1979 to December 1984, 77 patients with nonthymomatous myasthenia
      gravis underwent thymectomy and 74 patients were available for careful follow-up
      study in this review. Among these 74 patients, 18 were male and 56, female. Their
      ages ranged from 13 to 68 years with an average age of 30.2 years. Men tend to be
      affected at a later age than women (an average age of 38.0 versus 26.1 years).
      Duration of the disease was from one to 30 years, with an average of 4.2 years. A
      sternal-splitting incision was performed for all patients. Thymectomy was made by
      removal of all anterior mediastinal fat between the pleuropericardial reflection
      and phrenic nerve bilaterally. Seventy of the 74 patients benefited from
      thymectomy. Of these, 34 patients had remission and 36 patients had substantial
      improvement; three patients did not improve after thymectomy but did not increase
      in severity of symptoms or medication requirement. There was no postoperative
      death. Myasthenic crisis developed in four patients and five patients had
      pulmonary complications. These nine patients were among the 21 patients who did
      not receive either plasmapheresis preoperatively or a high dose of steroids
      perioperatively. Early thymectomy is recommended for patients with nonthymomatous
      myasthenia gravis. We also recommend that patients undergoing thymectomy should
      be treated either with plasmapheresis preoperatively or with high doses of
      steroid perioperatively.

PMID- 3363466
TI  - Esophageal perforation due to pneumatic dilation for achalasia.
AB  - The initial treatment for achalasia in most centers is pneumatic dilation (PD).
      The most significant complication of PD is esophageal perforation (EP). During
      the past ten years, six patients were noted to have EP after PD at St. Luke's
      Roosevelt Hospital Center. The cornerstone of treatment is early diagnosis.
      Operative repair, including suture of the perforation and modified Heller
      esophagomyotomy without anti-reflux procedure, is preferred. Details of this
      operation are presented. We have successfully managed five patients with EP after
      PD. A sixth patient died of unrecognized EP.

PMID- 3363465
TI  - Role of vagal hyperactivity in gastric stress ulceration after acute injury to
      the cervical cord.
AB  - The role of vagal hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of gastric stress ulceration
      that occurs after acute trauma to the cervical cord is controversial. We have
      used a rat model of transection of the cervical cord to induce gastric stress
      ulceration and to examine the cause of the ulcers. Cervical cord transection did
      not increase gastric acid output or plasma levels of gastrin or pancreatic
      polypeptide, either immediately or up to eight hours later. However, gastric
      stress ulceration showed a time-related increase in ulceration. Vagal stimulation
      with 2-deoxy-glucose enhanced the gastric acid output in rats with cervical cord
      transection but failed to change the quantity or characteristics of the gastric
      ulceration. We conclude that there is no evidence to support the vagal
      hyperactivity hypothesis in the pathogenesis of gastric stress ulceration after
      acute cervical cord injury.

PMID- 3363467
TI  - Transumbilical approach to umbilical hernias.

PMID- 3363468
TI  - A new technique and catheter design for assessing capacity and compliance
      characteristics of ileal reservoirs.
AB  - Ileal pouch reconstruction has become a preferred treatment for ulcerative
      colitis and familial polyposis in selected patients. Various pouch designs have
      been advocated with good functional results dependent upon preservation of
      excellent continence and a reasonable stool frequency pattern. Objective data are
      needed to recognize pouch designs that offer the best functional results. It is
      important to have a method of accurately measuring pouch volume and compliance
      characteristics of the pouch. We have described the construction and use of an
      inexpensive and easily assembled condom tipped catheter, which is useful for
      early and long term follow-up study of ileal pouch reconstructions.

PMID- 3363469
TI  - An alternative method of draining the pelvis after excision of the rectum and
      anterior resections.
AB  - An alternative method of draining the extraperitoneal pelvis using a constant
      suction and irrigation drain in the retrorectal space was used in 16 patients
      undergoing excisional or restorative rectal operation for either inflammatory
      intestine disease or carcinoma. A transient fecal fluid leak from the drain site
      developed in one patient. The other patients showed no clinical evidence of
      anastomotic leakage or infective operative complication. We believe that
      continuous low pressure suction drainage and irrigation of the retrorectal space
      is important in the healing of excision and restorative operations of the rectum.

PMID- 3363470
TI  - Tube cecostomy using a wire wrapped endotracheal tube.
AB  - A modified technique of decompressing tube cecostomy for transverse and left
      colonic obstructions is presented, using a large (9 millimeter) wire wrapped
      endotracheal tube. In this limited experience with five patients, this technique
      has shown a low morbidity, decreased hospitalization time and has given good
      decompression in preparation for the definitive operation.

PMID- 3363471
TI  - Retropancreatic control of the suprarenal aorta.
AB  - An alternative approach to occluding the suprarenal abdominal aorta involves a
      Kocher maneuver and isolation of the retropancreatic aorta between the origins of
      the celiac axis and the superior mesenteric artery. The use of this approach is
      supported by operative dissections upon cadavers, as well as upon two patients in
      whom it was used without difficulty.

PMID- 3363472
TI  - Direct cystogastrostomy for pancreatic pseudocysts.
AB  - This technique has been used routinely in those patients in whom the cyst is
      adherent to the wall of the stomach as well as in two instances in which the cyst
      is located in the head of the pancreas in apposition with the duodenum; thus, a
      cystoduodenostomy was performed. This technique bypasses the initial gastrostomy
      incision, reduces blood loss and avoids making a blind incision through the
      posterior wall of the stomach or the duodenum with cystoduodenostomy.

PMID- 3363473
TI  - Referral pattern of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - The referral pattern of 334 patients admitted to a neurosurgical clinic with
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was analyzed. Forty-nine percent of the
      patients were admitted after the day following the SAH. Failure of patients to
      seek prompt medical care was a cause of delay in 29 patients and of physician
      diagnostic errors in 95 patients. Common misdiagnoses included migraine, mental
      exhaustion, sinusitis, and influenza. A delay at the referring hospital was
      observed in 97 patients. Early intervention is important for the optimal
      management of patients with SAH. Educating the public, medical students, and
      physicians about the signs and symptoms of SAH and the importance of prompt
      therapy is likely to improve overall outcome after aneurysmal rupture.

PMID- 3363474
TI  - Polarization of nerve regeneration (electrotaxis).
AB  - Regeneration of both median nerves was studied in the rat in three different
      experimental models of centrocentral anastomosis through an interposed segment of
      pre-degenerated tibial nerve after denervation by spinal root transection.
      Different patterns of regeneration were observed in the anastomoses. These
      patterns suggest a bio-electrical polarity related to neuronal function. The
      present experimental model appears to offer a new opportunity to study neuronal
      regeneration under the influence of defined bioelectrical conditions.

PMID- 3363475
TI  - Spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia: long
      term follow-up after radiotherapy.
AB  - Spinal cord compression as a consequence of mass lesions due to extramedullary
      hematopoiesis is a well-described but rare syndrome occurring in thalassemia and
      some other hematologic conditions. After low-dose radiotherapy alone, a rapid and
      durable response occurred in a patient with thalassemia. No side effects were
      encountered and the patient has been stable neurologically for over 7 years since
      treatment. The results of the current case, and those previously reported in
      which radiotherapy alone was given, suggest that low-dose radiotherapy should be
      considered as a primary treatment modality for the management of this syndrome,
      at least in patients with thalassemia.

PMID- 3363477
TI  - Primary pulmonary meningioma.
AB  - Primary pulmonary meningiomas are extremely rare. In this article we report one
      case with benign primary pulmonary meningioma. The literature is reviewed and the
      clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, and pathologic features are
      presented.

PMID- 3363476
TI  - Cortical blindness caused by acute general cerebral swelling.
AB  - A 7-year-old girl who suffered from acute general cerebral swelling as a result
      of a traffic accident showed cortical blindness. Computed tomography (CT) scan on
      admission revealed marked slitlike ventricles and narrowing of the
      perimesencephalic cisterns, which indicated general cerebral swelling. While
      hospitalized, the patient developed transtentorial herniation twice on day 3, and
      CT scans at herniation episodes showed disappearance of the perimesencephalic
      cisterns. After recovery of consciousness, the patient showed cortical blindness,
      and during gradual recovery she showed pure alexia without agraphia. The visual
      evoked potentials at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 3 years 4 months after trauma showed
      normalization of the pattern, but revealed left occipital inactivity.

PMID- 3363478
TI  - Expert witness.

PMID- 3363479
TI  - Proposed standards for testimony by neurosurgeons acting as expert witness.

PMID- 3363480
TI  - To conglomerate or not to conglomerate.

PMID- 3363481
TI  - Future of health care delivery in the United States?

PMID- 3363483
TI  - Ethics corner--can medical ethics be taught?

PMID- 3363482
TI  - Historical vignette--neurosurgery 50 years ago.

PMID- 3363484
TI  - [Results of interstitial radiotherapy using I-125 seeds in the treatment of
      prostatic cancer].
AB  - 30 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with
      pelvic lymphadenectomy and I-125 interstitial implantation from 1980 to 1985
      (21/30 T3-tumors and 14/30 with poor differentiation). The mean follow-up is 59.5
      months (range 18 to 88 months). The crude, progression-free and local progression
      free survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) for all patients are 68%, 61% and 71%
      respectively. But, the progression-free survival is 39% in patients with G3
      tumors after five years and only 25% in patients with T3 G3-tumors after four
      years. The local progression rate was 33% in patients with T3-tumors. We did not
      observe any late intestinal side-effects, but 11/30 (37%) patients suffered from
      later urinary flow problems caused mainly by local tumor progression. Therefore,
      we regard interstitial implantation with I-125-seeds as an alternative treatment
      to radical prostatectomy in patients with T1, 2 G1, 2-tumors but as insufficient
      in patients with T3 G3-tumors.

PMID- 3363485
TI  - [Temperature distribution in interstitial hyperthermia].
AB  - The temperature distribution during the application of interstitial hyperthermia
      was measured in a static and a dynamic phantom. Despite the temperature
      controlled release of energy over six electrodes, there were considerable
      temperature heterogeneities in the target volume. The temperatures measured in
      partial volumes were largely dependent on the regional perfusion.

PMID- 3363486
TI  - [Influence of regenerating and evaluation procedures on the supralinear behavior
      of LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters].
AB  - Measurements with LiF dosimeters in the absorbed dose range up to 6 Gy have shown
      a strong influence of the annealing and reading procedure on inset and extent of
      the supralinearity. With this regard three TLD readers and two annealing
      procedures have been investigated. The results are explained by a theoretical
      model which takes the formation of vacancies by hydroxyl ions into account. A
      slight effect of the LET is also observed. Since a straight line fit to the
      measured dose dependent deviations from linearity is possible, a quadratic
      equation for the calculation of correct absorbed dose values could be derived.

PMID- 3363487
TI  - [Measurement of depth dose curves of soft x-rays in a water phantom].
AB  - A device is described which allows to perform dosimetry with a usual flat chamber
      made of plexiglas (PTW soft ray chamber) in the water phantom. The depth dose
      curves measured for anode potentials of 10 to 100 kV were compared to the curves
      measured a) in a plexiglas phantom, b) in a M3 phantom using a soft ray chamber
      made of M3, c) in a mixed phantom consisting of a plexiglas bottom, a soft ray
      chamber made of plexiglas flush with its surface, and plates or foils made of M3,
      polystyrene, and frapan. The results show that there is no difference between the
      depth dose curves measured in water and those measured in the homogeneous M3
      phantom if the curve is plotted over the mass related to the surface (g/cm2).
      There is also no difference to the dose curve measured in the mixed phantom
      according to c) if M3 plates determining the depth of measurement are layed on
      it. With the other substances, considerable deviations are found. An example is
      presented in order to warn against the uncontrolled use of "plastic foils" as
      phantom material for soft ray depth dose curves.

PMID- 3363488
TI  - The occurrence of cholangitis after percutaneous biliary drainage: evaluation of
      some risk factors.
AB  - Sepsis of the biliary tract is often reported after percutaneous transhepatic
      biliary drainage (PTBD) and is considered a life-threatening condition. The
      authors studied 39 patients with biliary stenosis (35 with neoplastic stricture
      and four with benign disease) with the purpose of identifying some factors
      possibly associated with a higher risk of cholangitis. None of the patients
      complained of biliary sepsis at the first clinical examination. Several factors
      were taken into account and were statistically tested according to Miettinen rate
      ratios to differentiate patients in whom cholangitis would consequently develop:
      nature, site and extent of basic disease, type and functioning of PTBD, skin
      contamination at puncture site of PTBD, and bile contamination at PTBD and at
      follow-up. The presence of bacteria in the first bile (31.5%) was not related to
      a higher risk. All subjects showed bile contamination after PTBD, but cholangitis
      developed in only 15 patients, and it was always supported by enteric
      microorganisms. When we compared patients with cholangitis and subjects without
      infection, it was possible to demonstrate a statistically significant association
      of cholangitis and the following: nature of the stricture, presence of multiple
      intrahepatic biliary obstruction, neoplastic invasion or compression on the
      duodenum, and presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin at puncture site at
      drainage.

PMID- 3363489
TI  - Gentamicin dosing requirements in patients with acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Increased endothelial permeability is postulated in patients with pancreatic
      inflammatory disease. As a result, a deficit in total circulating blood volume
      may occur as fluid is sequestered within the extravascular space. To counteract
      this fluid sequestration, exogenous fluid is administered, which results in
      expansion of total body water. The object of this study was to determine whether
      the fluid sequestration and potential total body water increase observed in
      patients with the diagnosis of pancreatitis affects the pharmacokinetics--and
      thus dosing requirements--of the water-soluble aminoglycoside gentamicin. Data
      collected from a clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring service were analyzed in 17
      patients with primary diagnoses of acute pancreatitis and 17 closely matched
      controls. Volume of distribution corrected for total body weight (p = 0.029),
      volume of distribution corrected for ideal body weight (p = 0.031), and total
      body gentamicin clearance (p = 0.05) were determined to differ statistically in
      pancreatitis patients from those values calculated in control patients. Patients
      with pancreatic inflammatory disease, on the basis of these pharmacokinetic
      parameter estimates, were found to require approximately a 25% greater dose than
      controls in order to achieve therapeutic peak serum gentamicin concentrations.

PMID- 3363490
TI  - Correction of hypothermia by continuous pleural perfusion.
AB  - Hypothermia to less than 30 degrees C is associated with significant harmful
      effects, including ventricular fibrillation. None of the currently used
      techniques for core rewarming is entirely satisfactory. Continuous perfusion of
      the pleural space with warm saline solution has been studied as a method of core
      rewarming. Pigs were cooled to 28 degrees to 30 degrees C. The pleural space was
      continuously perfused with fluid at a temperature of 42 degrees C. Five
      hypothermic control pigs did not achieve a temperature of 32 degrees C in 3 hours
      of spontaneous rewarming. The rise in 1 hour was 0.34 degrees C. In 10 pigs that
      underwent continuous pleural perfusion the temperature exceeded 32 degrees C in a
      mean time of 56 minutes. The rise in temperature in the first hour of rewarming
      was 5.05 degrees C. Continuous pleural perfusion is a rapid and effective
      technique for core rewarming of the hypothermic pig.

PMID- 3363491
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism: its clinical pattern and results of surgical
      treatment in Hong Kong Chinese.
AB  - Primary hyperparathyroidism has been increasingly diagnosed among whites since
      the advent of the biochemical autoanalyzer. However, the condition remains
      uncommon among Orientals. Our experience with 31 patients at the Queen Mary
      Hospital, University of Hong Kong, in the periods before and after we began to
      use the biochemical autoanalyzer was reviewed. The prevalence of primary
      hyperparathyroidism rose slightly from 3.1 to 3.7 per 100,000 hospital
      population. In both periods skeletal manifestation was the major clinical
      presentation, followed by hypercalcemic symptoms and urologic disease.
      Asymptomatic hypercalcemia occurred in three of 31 patients despite the use of
      the biochemical autoanalyzer. Preoperative localization was carried out in 27
      patients and was helpful in nine (33.3%) of them. The surgeon explored all four
      parathyroids, removed the diseased gland(s), and examined a biopsy specimen of
      one normal-appearing gland. There were 27 adenomas, two carcinomas, one four
      gland hyperplasia, and one sarcoidosis. Twenty-eight patients had transient
      hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy and required calcium supplements for
      variable periods. Before and after we began to use the biochemical autoanalyzer,
      there was minimal change in the prevalence and clinical pattern of primary
      hyperparathyroidism seen in our hospital. In our experience, successful
      parathyroidectomy depends more on the surgeon's operative technique than on
      preoperative localization.

PMID- 3363492
TI  - Dorsal sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis--the posterior paravertebral approach.
AB  - Definitive therapy for hyperhidrosis is sympathectomy. The authors have used a
      posterior approach to perform 36 dorsal sympathectomies for upper extremity
      hyperhidrosis in 18 patients (12 female, 6 male). All 18 patients suffered from
      excessive sweating of the upper extremity (17 palmar, 1 axillary) that caused
      significant psychological and occupational problems. Eleven patients (61.1%) had
      lower extremity involvement as well. For all 18 patients conservative medical
      treatment had failed. Bilateral operations were performed, via a posterior
      extrapleural approach, through the bed of the third rib. All 36 limbs were
      relieved of excess sweating. There were no deaths and only two minor wound
      complications. In no patient did Horner's syndrome develop. Long-term follow-up
      did not reveal any recurrence of hyperhidrosis. Two patients did complain of
      compensatory hyperhidrosis of the lower extremities. Dorsal sympathectomy was
      effective in all of the patients with upper extremity hyperhidrosis in this
      series. The posterior approach is technically simple, allows simultaneous
      bilateral operations, and is associated with only infrequent minor complications.

PMID- 3363494
TI  - Cardiac tamponade and endoscopic sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3363493
TI  - Assessment by dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy of coronary risk
      before peripheral vascular surgery.
AB  - From October 1983 to January 1985, 46 patients (38 men and 8 women; average age,
      60 years; range, 37 to 83 years) underwent peripheral vascular surgery of either
      the internal carotid artery or the arteries of the lower limbs. Each patient had
      a thorough clinical examination, an ECG, and a dipyridamole-thallium-201
      myocardial scan before operation. On the basis of results, they were divided into
      two groups: 20 patients with and 26 patients without chronic ischemic heart
      disease. Three major cardiac events were noted during or after a period of 1
      month after surgery: There were two deaths due to cardiac ischemic events and one
      patient had postoperative unstable angina pectoris. These three patients were
      classified in the coronary group (NS). When the patients were classified on the
      basis of whether or not there was thallium redistribution on serial images after
      infusion of dipyridamole, 14 with redistribution and 32 without redistribution
      were noted. The three patients who had major cardiac events were in the former
      group (p less than 0.04). Our data suggest that patients in whom redistribution
      occurs have a high incidence of postoperative ischemic events. These patients
      should be considered for particular preoperative coronary care to avoid major
      postoperative cardiac events and to increase chances of survival.

PMID- 3363495
TI  - [Characteristics of physicians specializing in internal medicine].

PMID- 3363496
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis, risk factors and the hemostasis system].

PMID- 3363497
TI  - [Possibilities of the control of arterial hypertension using the step-by-step
      schedule of long-term treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The Working Group on
      the Study of New Drugs for the Prevention of Arterial Hypertension].
AB  - The results of therapy of 186 patients with stable arterial hypertension were
      described. Intervals in therapy for 3 mos and more were recorded in 5.9% of the
      patients. Monotherapy with one randomly chosen drug turned out possible for one
      year in 40.9% of the patients. In a group analysis a total antihypertensive
      effect (complete or partial) was noted in 93.5% of the patients. An individual
      analysis showed that a stable antihypertensive effect (over 6 mos running for one
      year) was achieved in 17.7%. A stable and prolonged intermittent effect (for 6
      mos during one year with and without interruptions) was achieved in 46.2%.
      Regular control with relation to AH initial type was recommended: in 3 mos for a
      mild type, in 1.5 mos for a moderate type, in 0.5 mos in a severe type.

PMID- 3363498
TI  - [Effectiveness of combined administration of obsidan and sidnofarm in patients
      with ischemic heart disease at a polyclinic].
AB  - Altogether 70 patients suffering from CHD with attacks of angina of effort
      received propranolol and syndnopharm therapy in an outpatient clinic. After
      therapy a positive clinical effect was noted in 83.6% of the patients, a positive
      ECG time course in 64.2%. The combined use of both drugs increased their
      efficacy. The combination was justified in case of nitrate intolerance and the
      absence of marked heart failure.

PMID- 3363499
TI  - [Prevention of chronic bronchitis in relation to the stage of development under
      current conditions of the organization of medical care].
AB  - Mass screening was used for a study of chronic bronchitis (CB) morbidity among
      5107 construction workers and employees in the city of Barnaul. The rate of
      persons at risk of developing CB was 10.1%, with prebronchitis 7.9%, with CB
      11.1%. CB stage-related individual therapeutic and prophylactic activities in
      outpatient clinics resulted in a decrease in morbidity rates of diseases of the
      respiratory organs with temporary loss of working capacity per 100 workers: from
      98.3 (in 1980) to 17.5 cases (in 1984), i.e. from 1162.9 to 107.3 days,
      respectively, when a preventorium is engaged; without preventorium cases reduced
      from 93.5 to 40.0, i.e. from 1091.6 to 394.1 days, respectively. The
      identification during CB formation of the stage of risk of CB development, the
      stage of prebronchitis and CB as a nosological entity promoted the improvement of
      organization of therapeutic and prophylactic care.

PMID- 3363500
TI  - [Blood glucose level and nutritional factors in the male population aged 20-59
      years].
AB  - The levels of glycemia were studied on an empty stomach, 1 and 2 h after a
      glucose tolerance test (75 g of glucose) in an organized population of 799 men.
      The character of nutrition was studied by a questionnaire method regarding all
      food consumed during a previous day using models of previously weighed meals and
      food-stuffs as well as standard plates, spoons, glasses, etc. An analysis of the
      results obtained revealed the following peculiarities: in young patients (under
      40) the level of glycemia was associated with excessive consumption of
      carbohydrates, especially starch; in the older age group (40-59) the level of
      glycemia showed positive correlation with the amount of consumed fats, protein,
      especially animal protein. The level of glycemia in persons with
      dyslipoproteinemia showed direct correlation with the amount of consumed
      saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 3363501
TI  - [Risk factors of ischemic heart disease in practically healthy persons with
      different physical work capacities and their correction by physical exercise].

PMID- 3363503
TI  - [The main prospects of the development of ambulatory-polyclinic services].

PMID- 3363502
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of hemodynamic adaptation to adipose tissue changes
      in men without arterial hypertension].
AB  - A combined clinical-instrumental study of hemodynamics and anthropometry of fatty
      and fatless body masses (FBM, FLBM) based on caliperometry of 8 skin fatty folds,
      were performed in 138 men aged 20 to 59 without arterial hypertension. An
      increase in age and excessive adipose deposits with the growth of relative FBM
      were accompanied by adaptive changes of the central and regional hemodynamics
      characterized by a decrease in cardiac output, an increase in peripheral vascular
      resistance, and a decrease in the volumetric crural blood flow. The influence of
      adiposity on hemodynamics, mostly expressed in a young age, particularly at the
      age of 30-39, made more rapid the appearance in young men with excessive adipose
      deposits of hemodynamic shifts typical of older age persons.

PMID- 3363504
TI  - [Prognostic significance of different variants of chest pain in men aged 40-49
      years (data of a prospective study)].
AB  - In a prospective study of males aged 40 to 59 without typical angina of effort in
      accordance with a cardiological questionnaire as well as major and minor ECG
      changes of ischemic type an average period of observation was 8.2 yrs. Three
      variants were analyzed: I--the absence of chest pains, II--the presence of chest
      pains unrelated to effort, III--untypical chest pains in physical exercise. The
      intensity of end points (fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarctions) was 8% (I),
      6.9% (II), 11.7% (III) annually (the intensity of end points for typical angina
      of effort was 29%). The examinees of the 1st group were characterized by higher
      levels of HDLP cholesterol and BP, a lower body mass index, and smoked more than
      the examinees of the 2nd group however there were no differences in age, the
      levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides between these two groups. A
      relative risk of development of fatal MI was 1.9-fold higher in the 1st group
      than in the 2nd group. At the same time a relative risk of development of
      nonfatal MI was 1.25-fold lower in the 1st group than in the 2nd group.

PMID- 3363505
TI  - [A new approach to the evaluation of the prevalence of electrocardiographic high
      amplitude R and S waves in population studies].

PMID- 3363506
TI  - [Preventive activities of a district physician-internist].
AB  - The results of prophylactic examination of a district population were compared
      with medical documents. Information on 85.7% of patients with CHD, 70.5% with
      arterial hypertension, 80.3% with chronic bronchitis and 83.3% with diabetes
      mellitus detected during the examination was absent in the medical documents.
      Prophylactic examination of the population, education of a district physician in
      methods of primary and secondary prophylaxis of chronic incommunicable diseases,
      the availability of health educational literature brought about an increase in
      the volume of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive activities in this district,
      however they did not have great influence on the prevalence of risk factors in
      the population over a 2-year period.

PMID- 3363507
TI  - [Study of the knowledge and the attitudes of the population and district
      physicians to the prevention of the major cardiovascular and other non-infectious
      diseases].

PMID- 3363508
TI  - [Characteristics of arterial blood pressure in children aged 10-14 years living
      in Novosibirsk (data of a simultaneous epidemiological study)].
AB  - The authors reported the results of a study of BP levels in children aged 10 to
      14 in Novosibirsk using a standard WHO method. Regional normal limits of systolic
      and diastolic BP with relation to age and sex were presented. The mean levels of
      systolic and diastolic BP were growing with age, particularly at the age of 11
      12. Sex differences in the levels of systolic and diastolic BP were undetectable.
      In the group of children with raised BP the body mass index was increased, and a
      rise of diastolic BP was attended by atherogenic shifts in the blood lipid
      spectrum. Comparative assessment of BP levels was given for Novosibirsk, Moscow
      and American schoolchildren.

PMID- 3363509
TI  - [Diagnostic value of diurnal ECG monitoring, the bicycle exercise test and
      intracardiac electrophysiological study in the detection of arrhythmia in
      patients with alcoholic lesions of the heart].
AB  - Altogether 53 patients with stage II chronic alcoholism were investigated to
      study the diagnostic significance of circadian ECG monitoring (CECGM), bicycle
      ergometry (BEM) and intracardiac electrophysiological investigation (EPI) in the
      detection of arrhythmias. The results obtained suggested that the most
      informative method of diagnosis of paroxysmal arrhythmias in patients with
      alcoholic cardiac lesions was EPI with which arrhythmical paroxysms were detected
      in 29.6%, whereas CECGM and BEM turned out diagnostically significant in 7.4%.
      Occult arrhythmical paroxysms were detected for the first time using EPI of the
      heart.

PMID- 3363510
TI  - [Possibilities of active mass screening in the prevention of pulmonary
      hypertension in chronic bronchitis].
AB  - The authors presented a comparative analysis of the time course of pulmonary
      blood pressure (PBP), cardiac output, total pulmonary resistance (TPR), and right
      ventricular capacity in 2 groups of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis
      (COB) with moderately marked emphysema and pneumofibrosis at repeated
      examinations with an interval of 4-36 (an average of 13) months. In the 1st group
      which was not actively followed-up, these indices showed a tendency to
      deterioration. In the 2nd group actively followed-up and receiving multimodality
      therapy (broncholytic drugs, expectorants, antibiotics when indicated,
      physiotherapy, in some cases--vasoactive agents and hormones) negative time
      course was much less frequent and noticeable. Positive PBP and TPR changes were
      twice as more frequent in the 2nd group. The efficacy of active medical
      examination of COB patients was shown with regard to the prophylaxis and therapy
      of pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3363511
TI  - [Standard indicators of pneumotachometry and the Votchal-Tiffeneau index in the
      evaluation of external respiratory function in adolescents].
AB  - A study was made of the indices of pneumotachometry (PT): PT of exhalation, PT of
      inhalation and their ratio--in 263 adolescents (125 boys and 138 girls) with
      normal physical and sexual development. Direct correlation of sex, age and height
      with PT indices was established. Linear regression equations were made up for the
      calculation of standard parameters. It was shown that the ratio of PT of
      exhalation/PT of inhalation less than I in clinically healthy adolescents could
      not be a sign of disorder of bronchial permeability. The spirographic Votchal
      Tiffeneau index was-studied in 260 of them (125 boys and 135 girls). The lower
      permissible normal limit for the Metatest-1 spirograph was 76.5 +/- 0.4%.

PMID- 3363512
TI  - [Nonspecific lung diseases among the population of Western Siberia].
AB  - Epidemiological surveys conducted in the city of Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk
      region in 1980-1986, revealed a high though unequal prevalence of nonspecific
      pulmonary diseases among different age, sex and occupational groups of the urban
      and rural population. Chronic bronchitis ranked first in the structure of chronic
      nonspecific pulmonary diseases. ARVI and recurrent acute pneumonia, unfavorable
      working conditions and harmful habits influenced the development of chronic
      bronchitis. The introduction of a 5-group system of dynamic dispensary
      observation was conductive to a 2.5-3-fold decrease in temporary disability
      caused by diseases of the respiratory organs preventing a considerable economic
      loss.

PMID- 3363513
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the prevalence of arterial hypertension in
      relation to the main risk factors of ischemic heart disease in men and women aged
      20-69 years (epidemiological study)].

PMID- 3363514
TI  - [Preclinical diagnosis of diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum using
      esophagogastroduodenoscopy].

PMID- 3363515
TI  - [Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the large intestine in adolescents].

PMID- 3363516
TI  - [Treatment of non-healing chronic stomach ulcers by administration of etaden into
      the gastric submucosal layer].
AB  - In 38 patients with gastric ulcers local injection of ulcer edges with 1%
      solution of editan was made via an endoscope. The healing effect was achieved in
      37 patients. The authors attributed ulcer healing to enhanced protection factor.

PMID- 3363517
TI  - [Chronic alcoholic enteritis in the North].
AB  - Altogether 107 patients with chronic enterocolitis were examined. They were
      divided into 3 groups with relation to their attitude to alcohol: the 1st group
      alcoholics, the 2nd risk group-hard drinking, the 3rd group-non-alcoholics.
      Severe disorders of the intestinal enzymatic activity (suppression of the
      intraduodenal amylolytic and proteolytic and intraluminal lactase activity) were
      revealed, the character of parietal digestion was changed. Atrophic duodenal
      changes among these patients were noted twice as more frequently as among the
      patients who did not consume alcohol or consumed it moderately. Expeditions
      revealed positive correlation between the morbidity and the type of living
      conditions in one or another climatic geographic area in the Jakut Republic.

PMID- 3363518
TI  - [Analysis of diagnostic errors in cancer of the esophagus].
AB  - Analysis of the results of investigation of 610 esophageal cancer patients
      treated in the Samarkand regional cancer center has shown that the rate of
      erroneous diagnosis based on anamnestic data and the results of clinical
      noninstrumental investigation is 70.5%. The rate of diagnostic errors of x-ray
      examination varies within 32.1-74.4%. Repeated x-ray examination in the negative
      group of patients revealed esophageal cancer in 17.8%. These cases can be
      regarded as potentialities of correct radiodiagnosis. Correct diagnosis in
      endoscopy was established in 89.6%. Esophagoscopy permitted not only correct
      diagnosis but also provided material for a morphological study.

PMID- 3363520
TI  - The Teratology Society, twenty-eighth annual meeting. June 12-15, 1988, Palm
      Beach, Florida. Program, abstracts.

PMID- 3363519
TI  - [Hyperuricemia as a risk factor of nephropathy in gout].
AB  - Among 196 patients with primary gout examined in hospital or earlier stable or
      transient hyperuricemia was noted in 160 (81.6%). These patients were entered
      into the study group. The control group included 36 persons in whom the level of
      blood uric acid did not exceed normal values. The familial pattern of disease was
      established in the patients of the study group. Urolithic, proteinuric and
      hypertensive types of nephropathy as well as chronic renal insufficiency were
      more frequently observed in hyperuricemia patients. Alongside with severe
      tubular, interstitial and vascular changes, glomeruli in the form of
      mesangioproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis were regularly
      involved in the pathological process. In the rest of the patients vascular
      lesions were less marked and less frequent, renal glomerular changes reminded the
      picture of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis only; urolithiasis in them
      took a more favorable course. Thus, a high level of blood uric acid is one of the
      risk factors of renal affection in gout determining in many ways prognosis of
      disease.

PMID- 3363521
TI  - TDH adopts rules about reporting HIV infection.

PMID- 3363522
TI  - Occupational pesticide poisoning: reportable disease in Texas.

PMID- 3363523
TI  - Review of mesothelioma incidence and mortality in Texas.

PMID- 3363524
TI  - Coding and audits--an opinion.

PMID- 3363525
TI  - Texas Cancer Data Center: now online.

PMID- 3363526
TI  - Determination of human thrombin-antithrombin III complex in plasma with an enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the determination
      of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) in human plasma. The test system
      follows the sandwich principle and uses two different antibodies directed against
      human thrombin and human antithrombin III, respectively. The antibodies bind
      selectively to the corresponding antigen moieties of TAT. The assay was
      calibrated with definite concentrations of preformed purified TAT added to TAT
      poor plasma. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 microgram/l.
      Mean coefficients of variation of 4.2% (intraassay) and 3.5% (interassay) were
      found for TAT concentrations between 2 and 60 micrograms/l. A reference range
      from 0.85 to 3.2 micrograms/l was calculated from TAT concentration in plasma
      samples from 88 healthy donors (mean value +/- SD: 1.45 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l). In
      plasma samples from patients with pulmonary embolism (n = 17), TAT concentrations
      between 3 and 25 micrograms/l were measured. In 15 patients with deep vein
      thrombosis, TAT was found up to 3 to 25 micrograms/l. From these data we conclude
      that measurement of TAT can be a sensitive parameter for specific detection of a
      latent activation of the clotting pathway.

PMID- 3363527
TI  - Should thromboprophylactic dosage of low molecular weight heparin be adapted to
      patient's weight?

PMID- 3363528
TI  - The relationship between defective heparin cofactor activities and thrombotic
      phenomena in AT III abnormalities.

PMID- 3363529
TI  - AT III Barcelona: a familial quantitative-qualitative AT III deficiency.
AB  - A quantitative and qualitative deficiency of antithrombin III (ATIII) was found
      in four members of a Spanish family with thrombotic tendency. In all affected
      members, levels of ATIII antigen and activity (heparin cofactor activity) were
      reduced to 50% of the normal range. When crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was
      performed in the presence of heparin, an abnormal slow-moving peak was found.
      Crossed immunoelectrofocusing (CIEF) from normal and affected individuals showed
      that normal ATIII migrated between pH 4.9-5.3 while the ATIII under study was
      asymmetrically distributed between two pH ranges: 4.9-5.3 and 4.6-4.8. Affinity
      adsorption of affected members' plasma to heparin-sepharose beads revealed one
      population of ATIII in the supernatant corresponding to the abnormal ATIII,
      devoid of heparin cofactor activity and showing a peak between pH range: 4.6-4.8
      in CIEF. Our data supports the view that a quantitative-qualitative deficiency
      was present in the heterozygous state in all the affected family members. Both
      normal and abnormal ATIII were present in plasma of the affected individuals.
      This abnormal ATIII was characterized by a lack of affinity for heparin. This
      familial ATIII deficiency was named ATIII Barcelona.

PMID- 3363530
TI  - Thromboembolic reaction following wall puncture in arterioles and venules of the
      rabbit mesentery.
AB  - The walls of rabbit mesenteric arterioles and venules (diameter 20 to 40 microns)
      were punctured with glass micropipets (tip diameter 6 to 8 microns).
      Thromboembolic reactions resulting from this standardized, small mechanical
      vessel wall injury could be quantified in vivo with the use of intravital video
      microscopy. Following induction of the injury thrombus growth started immediately
      (less than 0.1 s). Bleeding times were short, on the average less than 2 s, and
      did not differ between arterioles and venules. The duration of the embolization
      process was significantly longer in arterioles than in venules (median 101 and 17
      s, respectively), and more emboli were produced in arterioles than in venules
      (median 6 and 1, respectively). Arteriolar thrombi were more effective in
      plugging the punctured holes than venular thrombi. The differences in
      thromboembolic reaction between arterioles and venules, as found in the present
      study, can probably not be explained by fluid dynamic factors.

PMID- 3363531
TI  - Monoamine oxidase and other mitochondrial enzymes in density subpopulations of
      human platelets.
AB  - Normal human platelets have been separated according to density on continuous
      Percoll gradients and the platelet distribution divided into five fractions
      containing approximately equal numbers of platelets. The mean volumes and protein
      contents of the platelets in each fraction were found to correlate positively
      with density while the protein concentration did not differ significantly between
      the fractions. Four mitochondrial enzymes (monoamine oxidase, glutamate
      dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase)
      were assayed and their activities per unit volume were found to increase in a
      very similar monotonic fashion with platelet density. When MAO and GDH were
      assayed on the same set of density fractions the correlation between the two
      activities was very high (r = 0.94-1.00, p less than 0.001) and a similar close
      correlation was found between MAO and ICDH. The results support the hypothesis
      that high density platelets either have a higher concentration of mitochondria or
      have larger mitochondria than low density platelets.

PMID- 3363532
TI  - Characterisation and some properties of the protein C activator from Agkistrodon
      Contortrix Contortrix venom.
AB  - The protein C activator (PCA) detectable in the venom of Agkistrodon Contortrix
      Contortrix (ACCV, Southern Copperhead) by specific immunochromometric assay and
      anticoagulant activity has been isolated and partially characterized.
      Chromatography of the crude venom on SP-Sephadex followed by Con A Sepharose and
      finally on hydroxylapatite was necessary to achieve an electrophoretically - pure
      product. The isolated PCA is a single chain glycoprotein with strong positive
      charge and an apparent molecular weight of 36,000. It had an immediate-inhibiting
      effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of normal plasma with
      no noticeable effect on the prothrombin time. Its prolonging effect on the APTT
      was dependent on protein C and it appeared to interfere with the contact
      mechanism rather than with factors V and VIII. It had enzymatic activity on some
      tripeptide chromogenic substrates sensitive to thrombin and kallikrein. When
      mixed with normal plasma it generated activity on substrates sensitive to
      activated protein C and should be useful for studies of protein C.

PMID- 3363533
TI  - The effect of hypoxia on platelet survival and site of sequestration in the
      newborn rabbit.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in sick neonates that have experienced
      perinatal asphyxia. This study investigated the effect of one component of
      asphyxia, hypoxia, on platelet lifespan and site of sequestration. 111Indium
      oxine platelet survivals with scintigraphic imaging were performed in newborn and
      adult rabbits exposed to room air (normoxia) or following exposure to a 15
      minute, severe hypoxic insult (FIO2 = 0.05). Platelet survivals in normoxic
      adults (n = 27) and newborn rabbits (n = 11) were similar (60 +/- 3.9 hr vs 64 +/
      8.0 hr, m +/- SEM). Inhalation of 5% oxygen for 15 minutes was not associated
      with an acidemia and did not produce thrombocytopenia but significantly shortened
      the platelet survival to 34 +/- 3 hr in the adult (n = 18) and 38 +/- 3 hr in the
      newborn rabbit (n = 7). Postmortem measurement of the sites of 111In-platelet
      accumulation showed that under normoxic conditions the platelets accumulated in
      the liver and spleen (23 +/- 4.3% and 8 +/- 1.0% of the total body counts) in the
      adult with even greater accumulation in the liver (58 +/- 6.8%) and spleen (19 +/
      4.9%) of the newborn (p less than 0.001). The latter observation was likely due
      to the relatively increased size of the liver and spleen in the newborn compared
      to the adult. Hypoxia did not alter the site of platelet sequestration in adults
      or newborns. Our results suggest that the newborn has the same platelet survival
      as the adult and that acute, severe hypoxia significantly shortens the survival
      of platelets in both groups. Although the sites of sequestration are
      qualitatively the same in the newborn, there is greater sequestration in the
      liver and spleen when compared to the adult.

PMID- 3363534
TI  - Plasminogen San Antonio: an abnormal plasminogen with a more cathodic migration,
      decreased activation and associated thrombosis.
AB  - An abnormal plasminogen (San Antonio) has been isolated from a patient with
      axillary vein thrombosis. A decreased level of fibrinolytic activity was detected
      in both plasma and a purified system. The molecular abnormalities were
      investigated with both functional and immunological tests. Slightly decreased
      antigen concentration was noted in plasma. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis, the
      patient and his two children had a second small arc and the primary arc migrated
      more cathodically. A distinct isozyme was detected in the abnormal plasminogen.
      Functionally, this abnormal plasminogen is characterized by failure to enhance
      maximal conversion to plasmin, especially by plasminogen activators, which are
      enhanced by fibrin or fibrin degradation products. The proband and his children
      are heterozygous for this abnormal plasminogen.

PMID- 3363535
TI  - Identity of saturable calcium-binding sites on blood platelets and their
      involvement in platelet aggregation.
AB  - Extracellular Ca2+ ions are required for platelet aggregation and we show that
      they enter two platelet pools. One pool is rapidly filled and easily displaced by
      EGTA. The second is filled more slowly and is not displaced by EGTA. The EGTA
      displaceable pool is believed to be surface-located and was found to contain at
      least one class of saturable binding sites as well as a class of non-saturable
      binding sites. The saturable sites were found to be highly selective for Ca2+
      (dissociation constant, 3.5 X 10(-7) M) even in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+ ions,
      and they took up between 261,000 and 307,000 Ca2+ ions/platelet. Full occupancy
      of the saturable binding sites appeared to be necessary for platelet aggregation
      to proceed. We also studied platelets that were unable to aggregate normally,
      either due to the congenital bleeding disorder Glanzmann's thrombastenia or due
      to experimental manipulation. In both cases we found decreased Ca2+ uptake
      specifically by the saturable Ca2+ binding sites, and that this was associated
      with decreased number of GP IIb/IIIa molecules expressed on these platelets. We
      suggest that the Ca2+ binding sites involved in platelet aggregation are located
      on the GP IIb/IIIa complexes and may be involved in holding the glycoproteins in
      the complex together, and that the binding sites need to be fully occupied before
      aggregation can proceed.

PMID- 3363536
TI  - Preoperative identification of patients at high risk of deep venous thrombosis
      despite prophylaxis in total hip replacement.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory variables were measured on the day before operation in
      111 patients who underwent total hip replacement prophylactically treated with
      acetylsalicylic acid or heparin-dihydroergotamine. Postoperative deep vein
      thrombosis (DVT) was detected in 16 patients by ascending venography. Stepwise
      logistic discriminant analysis was used to identify DVT predicting factors. Three
      such factors, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), plasminogen activator
      inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) and tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), were found
      to be significantly associated with DVT and were used to construct a predictive
      index. The predictive index, I = -2.09 + 0.46 (FDP) + 1.39 (PA-inhibitor) -0.24
      (t-PA), was 100% sensitive and 95% specific in the prediction of DVT. This index
      would allow for identification of those patients in whom routine prophylaxis
      would be sufficient and for selecting those in whom more effective prophylactic
      regimens would be necessary.

PMID- 3363537
TI  - Mild haemostatic problems associated with congenital heterozygous alpha 2
      antiplasmin deficiency.
AB  - A Dutch family, of which 13 members are heterozygotes, deficient for alpha 2
      antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) is reported. Clinical studies showed that 2
      heterozygotes had a mild bleeding tendency, which presented as bleeding episodes
      after tooth extraction and after surgery and, in one patient, also as excessive
      menstruation. Laboratory investigations revealed an alpha 2-AP activity of 62%
      (51-71) (median and range) and an antigen level of 60% (60-66). The plasminogen
      binding as well as the fibrin binding properties of alpha 2-AP were normal.
      Plasminogen concentrations were significantly higher in the heterozygotes
      compared to the other family members. However, free plasminogen not bound to
      histidine-rich glycoprotein was not significantly different between these two
      groups. We propose that in this family the deficiency of alpha 2-AP is due to a
      decreased synthesis of a normal alpha 2-AP molecule. This present study brings
      the frequency of heterozygous alpha 2-AP deficient patients with a bleeding
      tendency to 13 out of 59 heterozygotes reported in the literature.

PMID- 3363538
TI  - Augmentation of procoagulant activity in monokine stimulated human endothelial
      cells by calmodulin/protein kinase C inhibitors.
AB  - The incubation of human umbilical cord endothelial cell cultures with
      inflammatory mediators results in the induction of procoagulant activity. As many
      of these mediators activate protein kinase C, the effect of calmodulin and
      protein kinase C inhibitors on IL-1, TNF, phorbol ester and LPS stimulated
      procoagulant activity was determined. Incubation of endothelial cell cultures
      with these inflammatory agents in the presence of phenothiazine derivatives or
      other classes of calmodulin and protein kinase C antagonists resulted in a 2-4
      fold increase in procoagulant activity compared to parallel stimulated cultures
      in the absence of antagonists. The augmented response of IL-1 stimulated
      endothelial cells to these antagonists was actinomycin D sensitive.

PMID- 3363539
TI  - Comparative separation of human plasma proteins on polysulphated chromatographic
      media.
AB  - Polysulphated chromatographic media, particularly Heparin Sepharose, are
      generally used to purify a variety of different plasma proteins. Heparin
      Sepharose, dextran sulphate Sepharose and sulphated dextran are compared with two
      recently available sulphated cellulose chromatographic media. The potential
      influence of structural features of different polysaccharides on the interaction
      with selected plasma proteins has been evaluated with the particular objective of
      developing an alternative medium for the preparation of specific therapeutic
      factor concentrates. The studies indicate that the degree of sulphation of the
      matrix is an important but not a critical determinant for resolution of factors
      IX and X. Despite large differences in the carbohydrate structure of the
      matrices, the new sulphated cellulose gel 5.2 had a total protein capacity and
      specific binding profile comparable to Heparin Sepharose. The sulphated cellulose
      which is competitively priced, and has excellent stability, is a potential
      alternative to Heparin Sepharose especially for larger scale industrial
      processing of factor IX concentrate.

PMID- 3363540
TI  - Rapid SDS-PAGE zymography of plasminogen activators.

PMID- 3363541
TI  - On the two types of the thrombin high molecular substrates.

PMID- 3363542
TI  - [Smoking--again and again].

PMID- 3363544
TI  - [Thoracic outlet syndrome].

PMID- 3363543
TI  - [Gallbladder cancer. Occurrence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis].

PMID- 3363545
TI  - [Temporal arteritis in 3 siblings].

PMID- 3363546
TI  - [Idiopathic omental infarction].

PMID- 3363547
TI  - [Neurogenic causes of erectile impotence].

PMID- 3363548
TI  - [Endocrine causes of secondary erectile impotence].

PMID- 3363549
TI  - [Risk of HIV infection in pregnant women in Oslo].

PMID- 3363550
TI  - [The campaign against tobacco smoking. From medical documentation to a political
      action plan].

PMID- 3363551
TI  - [How many general practitioners are needed? New experience during a health
      planning project in Oslo].

PMID- 3363552
TI  - [A sheep herd management record].
AB  - The importance of sheep farming is constantly increasing. Accordingly there is an
      urgent need for sheep flock health programmes. A simple administration is
      essential in monitoring the various sheep flock health variables and in
      calculating important indices. The Sheep Flock Management Chart provides a simple
      but efficient recording system.

PMID- 3363553
TI  - [An impacted bladder stone].
AB  - A case of colic in a Haflinger gelding is reported. This was due to a calculus in
      the penis. The operation is described.

PMID- 3363555
TI  - [Endocarditis and meat inspection in slaughtering pigs. 2. Various aspects of
      inspection].

PMID- 3363554
TI  - [Word and sign in immunology].
AB  - Some scientific and social aspects of immunology are reviewed in the present
      address. Immunology is a factor in acquiring knowledge of the mechanisms by which
      the body resists infectious disease, chemicals impairing resistance, which may be
      present in nutrients, feeds and the environment and in heritable disorders. The
      immune system is not merely a defensive apparatus directed towards resistance but
      also has an internally regulatory function. An adapted use of language
      ('immunolinguistics') is essential in characterising this last-named infection,
      formulating new ideas on the subject and testing new uses. It will only be
      possible to develop new or improved vaccines on the basis of recombinant DNA
      technology and synthesis of proteins, when more knowledge of the immunology of a
      number of infectious diseases has been acquired. In cases of infestation with
      worms (infestation of the gastrointestinal tract in ruminants, among other
      things), individuals possessing a hereditarily diminished defence system will
      also have to be taken into account. Attention should be paid to this contingency
      in developing and using anthelmintic vaccines. Immunology (vaccines and
      diagnostica) offers possibilities of exploitation (social utilisation of the
      results obtained in research). The dollar sign has made its entry into
      immunology.

PMID- 3363556
TI  - [The quality of veterinary education is served by a differentiated curriculum].

PMID- 3363557
TI  - [Potassium ion concentration in the vitreous body as an indicator of the
      postmortem interval in cattle].
AB  - Reliability and accuracy of the vitreous potassium concentration as an indicator
      of the post-mortem interval (PMI) in cattle were studied. Sampling not more than
      1 ml of vitreous humor from the centre of the corpus vitreum was found to improve
      both accuracy and reliability. A significant correlation between the PMI and the
      vitreous potassium concentration was found to be present in cattle.

PMID- 3363558
TI  - [Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health. Study of radioactive contaminants
      in the framework of the monitoring program, 'Man and Food'].

PMID- 3363559
TI  - Effects of human pancreatic polypeptide on exocrine pancreatic function in
      conscious rats.
AB  - The effect of newly synthesized human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) on pancreatic
      secretion stimulated by a diversion of bile-pancreatic juice (BPJ) from the
      intestine, and plasma hPP concentration were examined in conscious rats.
      Exogenous hPP infusion (1, 10 micrograms/kg/hr) inhibited pancreatic protein,
      bicarbonate and fluid outputs during BPJ diversion in a dose-dependent manner.
      During 1 and 10 micrograms/kg/hr hPP infusion plasma hPP immunoreactivity
      increased to 369 +/- 22.9 and 1,125 +/- 90.2 pg/ml, respectively. These results
      suggest that newly synthesized hPP has an inhibitory activity on exocrine
      function of the pancreas.

PMID- 3363560
TI  - The relationship between cholelithiasis and diabetes mellitus: discussion of age,
      obesity, hyperlipidemia and neuropathy.
AB  - We investigated the patients who underwent operation for cholelithiasis and the
      diabetic patients at our clinic in order to determine whether there was a
      significant relationship between the occurrence of cholesterol gallbladder stone
      and age, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and neuropathy. In 647
      patients undergoing surgery, cholesterol gallstones were not highly associated
      with diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia, compared with calcium bilirubinate and
      black stones. Eighty-seven percent of the male operated patients and 88% of the
      female patients were over 40 years old of age. Of the female patients in whom
      gallstones were detected at surgery, 36% were obese. We found cholesterol
      gallbladder stone in 11.5% (males 11%, females 12%) of 208 diabetic patients at
      our clinic. All of them were over 40 years old. The prevalence of cholesterol
      gallbladder stones was related to the decrease in motor nerve conduction velocity
      in the male diabetic patients (p less than 0.05). We observed that method of
      treatment had no definite effect on the prevalence of gallbladder stones. Fifty
      four percent of the diabetic patients was normolipidemic in both sexes. Obesity
      was present in 64% of the female cholesterol gallbladder stone patients. Our data
      suggest that age, obesity and poor contraction of the gallbladder could be high
      risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation.

PMID- 3363561
TI  - Changes in the motility pattern of human spermatozoa during in vitro incubation.
AB  - Suspensions of capacitating human spermatozoa were analyzed for movement
      characteristics using high-speed videomicrography. The status of the acrosome
      reaction was also assessed by the zona-free hamster ova penetration test. (1)
      Movement characteristics of human spermatozoa were classified into 4 types (A, B,
      C, D). Type A: The movement was active, but its progressive orientation was
      irregular. Type B: The spermatozoa moved with a wide amplitude of the end of
      tail. Type C: The amplitude of the tail decreased, and the linear velocity of
      progression increased. Type D: The whole part of tail showed wavelike rhythmical
      movements, and the velocity more increased. (2) Movement characteristics of human
      spermatozoa in vitro gradually changed from Type A to B, C and D. As the
      spermatozoa classified Type D moved very powerfully and this motility pattern was
      obviously different from the other types, it was considered hyperactivation of
      human spermatozoa. The Type D was found from 2 or 3 hr of incubation, and after 3
      or 4 hr most of the spermatozoa showed Type D. (3) The motility pattern of human
      spermatozoa changed to the Type D before the spermatozoa penetrate into zona-free
      hamster oocytes. It suggested that the hyperactivation occurred before the
      acrosome reaction takes place.

PMID- 3363562
TI  - Rods also participate in human color vision.
AB  - In the retinal periphery, rod and cone thresholds to the same green light were
      measured. After the rod-cone break in the course of dark adaptation, cone
      sensitivity decreases gradually as rod sensitivity progressively increases. Cone
      sensitivity, however, increases when rod sensitivity is decreased by blue light.
      The emergence of the facilitatory effect of rod activation requires at least a
      few hundred msec after rod stimulation. It is concluded that rod activation plays
      a major role in sensitivity regulation of the cone system, i.e., in human color
      vision.

PMID- 3363563
TI  - Complete prevention of acetylcholine induced coronary artery spasm with
      nifedipine.
AB  - A 63-year-old woman has been known to have angina pectoris due to coronary artery
      (CA) spasm. An intra-left CA infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) provoked spasms of
      the left CA and an anginal attack. After daily oral administration of nifedipine
      (NIF) for 2 weeks, intra-CA re-infusion study of ACh did not provoke any CA
      spasms. This is the first report to demonstrate the complete prevention of ACh
      induced CA spasm with nifedipine.

PMID- 3363564
TI  - Preliminary characterization of toxins from the straw itch mite, Pyemotes
      tritici, which induce paralysis in the larvae of a moth.
AB  - Homogenates of whole mites (Pyemotes tritici) paralyze larvae of the greater wax
      moth Galleria mellonella. Injection of these homogenates into larvae produces
      symptoms identical to those obtained by bites from female mites. Since the
      paralytic activity is destroyed by heat and proteolytic enzymes and retained
      during dialysis, the toxic compounds appear to be proteins. Two protein fractions
      which differ both in molecular weight and toxicity were found following gel
      filtration of whole mite extracts. Larvae that are injected with proteins from
      the high molecular weight (c. 250,000) fraction (designated TxP-HMW) develop
      flaccid-muscle paralysis after 4-12 hr, while proteins in the low molecular
      weight fraction (c. 21,000) (designated TxP-LMW) induce a rapid, muscle
      contracting paralysis.

PMID- 3363565
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin and
      HT-2 toxin, in dogs.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of T-2 toxin, following i.m. and i.v. administration (0.4
      mg/kg), were investigated in five dogs. Following i.m. administration, the mean
      pharmacokinetic parameters for T-2 and HT-2 toxins were, respectively: apparent
      half-life 21 +/- 5 and 73 +/- 7 min; peak plasma concentration 182 +/- 42 and 74
      +/- 16 ng/ml; time to reach peak plasma concentration 9.4 +/- 6.4 and 49 +/- 11
      min. Mean residence time calculation, using moment analysis, showed that the
      terminal slope of T-2 toxin plasma levels following i.m. administration
      corresponds to the absorption rate constant of the toxin due to the flip-flop
      phenomenon. T-2 toxin was completely absorbed following i.m. administration and
      its absolute bioavailability was 1.17 +/- 0.25. A plasma protein binding study
      showed that in a concentration range of 70-500 ng/ml, T-2 and HT-2 toxins have a
      mean free fraction of 30.6 +/- 3.1% and 32.6 +/- 3.6% with no concentration
      dependency. At physiological conditions (temperature and pH), both T-2 and HT-2
      toxins were unstable in whole blood and their in vitro stability half-lives were
      6.9 and 0.84 hr, respectively. However, under similar conditions, these toxins
      were stable in plasma for 7 hr. Their instability in whole blood, therefore, may
      be related to enzymes present in the blood cells.

PMID- 3363566
TI  - A tissue culture assay for tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and related toxins.
AB  - In the presence of ouabain, veratridine enhances sodium influx in the mouse
      neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2A (ATCC, CCL131), causing cellular swelling and
      subsequent death. Tetrodotoxin (puffer fish toxin) or saxitoxin (paralytic
      shellfish poison), both of which block the sodium channel of excitable membranes,
      antagonize this effect, enabling cell growth to continue. This phenomenon was
      used as the basis of a new assay for these toxins. It is also possible to
      estimate the quantity of TTX from the relationship between TTX concentration and
      percentage of living cells. This new method is simple, inexpensive, and
      sensitive, and may replace the conventional mouse bioassay.

PMID- 3363567
TI  - Venom from southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix). II. A
      unique phospholipase A2 that induces platelet aggregation.
AB  - A platelet aggregation factor was purified from the venom of southern copperhead
      snake (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange
      chromatography, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, affinity chromatography
      using bovine serum albumin as ligand, and gel filtration on Cellulofine GCL-2000.
      It had molecular weights of 11,000 and 14,000, as determined by gel filtration
      chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      (SDS-PAGE), respectively. It consists of a single polypeptide, and was identified
      as a phospholipase A2. It was quite resistant to heat and various denaturing
      reagents including urea and SDS. It lost both phospholipase A2 activity and
      platelet aggregating activity upon modification of histidine residue(s) with p
      bromophenacyl bromide. Its specificity towards the beta-position of phospholipid
      in esterolytic reaction was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography using a pure
      synthetic phosphatidylcholine. Platelet aggregation by this phospholipase A2 was
      completely inhibited by prostacyclin, but was little inhibited by aspirin which
      indicates almost no direct participation of released arachidonic acid in the
      aggregation mechanism.

PMID- 3363568
TI  - Phospholipase A2 injection in mice induces immunity against the lethal effects of
      Crotalus durissus terrificus venom.
AB  - Phospholipase A2, purified from crotoxin obtained from C. d. terrificus venom,
      alone or incorporated in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or in Al(OH)3 was used
      as an antigen to immunize mice against the lethal effects of C. d. terrificus
      venom. The animals were intracutaneously (i.c.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) injected
      with 60 micrograms of phospholipase A2, divided into three equal doses and
      injected every 7 days. Samples of blood were collected just before each injection
      and the sera used to determine the antibodies against whole venom by the ELISA
      method. The animals were s.c. challenged with 8 LD50 or with 16 LD50 28 or 95
      days after immunization. The animals that received two s.c. doses of antigen
      followed by a third i.c. dose were partially resistant to 8 LD50 (58%
      protection). This resistance increased when the first two injections consisted of
      phospholipase A2, the third of whole venom, all i.c., all in Al(OH)3 (67% of
      protection). The maximal protection (90%) was attained when the animals were i.c.
      injected with phospholipase A2 in Al(OH)3 in all three immunizing doses.
      Antibodies against whole venom were detected 15 days after immunization, reaching
      a plateau on the twenty-eighth day and remaining unchanged at least until the
      ninety-fifth day after immunization.

PMID- 3363569
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of Protac, the protein C activator from copperhead
      (Agkistrodon contortrix) venom: a note on experimental problems.
AB  - The isoelectric point of Protac was recently estimated to be at pH 3. However,
      further investigations using different experimental procedures revealed that
      Protac, due to its particular binding properties, is able to form complexes with
      carrier ampholytes. Thus, the actual isoelectric point of Protac was found to be
      in the basic region.

PMID- 3363570
TI  - A volatile, heat-stable anesthetic is not present in the skin of Bufo asper
      (Gravenhorst).
AB  - A study was made concerning the possible existance of a volatile, heat-stable
      anesthetic popularly believed by the Thai people to be in the skin of Bufo asper.
      The skin together with the paratoid glands of two toads were dried and pyrolyzed.
      Mice and rats inhaling a continuous stream of the smoke or injected with a high
      dose of the volatile material showed signs of extreme irritation with no loss of
      consciousness. It is concluded that the skin of this toad does not contain a
      volatile, heat-stable anesthetic.

PMID- 3363571
TI  - Identification of the octapeptide lophyrotomin in the European birch sawfly (Arge
      pullata).
AB  - Larvae of the European birch sawfly Arge pullata were shown to contain
      lophyrotomin, an octapeptide liver toxin containing four D-amino acids.
      Lophyrotomin was previously isolated from Lophyrotoma interrupta sawfly larvae in
      Australia.

PMID- 3363572
TI  - Cerebral ischemia and mitral valve prolapse: case-control study of associated
      factors.
AB  - We evaluated 36 patients with cerebral ischemia and mitral valve prolapse and
      compared them with 36 age-matched controls with cerebral ischemia who had similar
      attributes but who did not have mitral valve prolapse. Stepwise logistic
      regression analysis revealed an inverse relation between cerebral ischemia in the
      presence of mitral valve prolapse and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, occlusive
      cerebrovascular disease, and completed stroke at p less than 0.01. We also found,
      by correlation analysis, a negative correlation between both hypertension and
      diabetes mellitus versus mitral valve prolapse at p less than 0.05. Overall, 10
      study patients compared with two control patients had no risk factors for
      cerebrovascular disease detected (chi 2 = 4.9, p less than 0.05). These data
      indicate that the association of mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemia is
      of special importance in patients who do not have other detected risk factors for
      cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3363573
TI  - Efficacy and mechanism of action of a calcium channel blocker after global
      cerebral ischemia in rats.
AB  - Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as nicardipine are under evaluation
      for treating acute cerebral ischemia because they may increase cerebral blood
      flow by causing vasodilation and because they may be cytoprotective in part by
      limiting production of arachidonic acid metabolites. We demonstrated in a
      previous study that nicardipine improves postischemic neuronal function, as
      measured by somatosensory evoked potentials, without reducing the extent of light
      microscopic CA-1 hippocampal histologic damage. To characterize further the
      effect of nicardipine on global ischemic injury, we administered the drug
      beginning 24 hours before 30 minutes of four-vessel ischemia in Wistar rats. We
      then measured hippocampal ATP, phosphocreatine, and glucose contents immediately
      and 2 hours after ischemia, and measured learning ability (working and reference
      errors) on an eight-arm radial maze beginning 30 days after ischemia. To gain
      insight into the possible mechanism of action, we measured production of
      arachidonic acid metabolites (eicosanoids: TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and
      hemispheric and hippocampal cerebral blood flow by the [14C]butanol indicator
      fractionation technique immediately and 2 hours after ischemia. Nicardipine was
      associated with fewer working errors (p less than 0.02) but no difference in
      reference errors. The drug had no effect on energy metabolites, cerebral blood
      flow, or eicosanoids immediately after ischemia, but ATP, phosphocreatine, and
      cerebral blood flow all returned to normal levels significantly more rapidly
      during reperfusion in treated rats. Nicardipine improves behavioral,
      electrophysiologic, and mitochondrial function after ischemia without preventing
      cellular damage and improves postischemic reperfusion. The drug's positive effect
      appears to occur during reperfusion.

PMID- 3363574
TI  - Comparison of admission serum glucose concentration with neurologic outcome in
      acute cerebral infarction. A study in patients given naloxone.
AB  - We studied the ability of serum glucose concentration and neurologic deficits at
      admission in predicting the outcome of acute cerebral ischemia in 65 patients
      given naloxone. Among our patients, the volume of infarction on computed
      tomograms and outcome were strongly related to the severity of neurologic
      deficits found at admission. Neither a history of diabetes nor hyperglycemia when
      added to the results of the initial neurologic assessment improved prediction of
      outcome after acute cerebral infarction.

PMID- 3363575
TI  - Hypertension management and stroke recurrence in a community (Rochester,
      Minnesota, 1950-1979).
AB  - The purposes of this study were to determine the trend in stroke recurrence over
      time and the effect of the prestroke blood pressure and management of
      hypertension on stroke recurrence in 1,680 incidence cases of stroke in residents
      of Rochester, Minnesota. Recurrent, primarily ischemic, stroke occurred in 267
      cases. Stroke recurrence rates did not change during the 30-year period 1950
      1979, in contrast to the decline in initial stroke incidence rates during this
      time. The overall stroke recurrence rates were less than 5%/yr, with cumulative
      rates of 5.7%, 19.3%, and 28.8% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Neither
      level of blood pressure before the first stroke nor management of hypertension
      had any apparent effect on stroke recurrence rates throughout the follow-up.

PMID- 3363576
TI  - Are blood platelets involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain edema in
      gerbils?
AB  - Edema formation following severe permanent or temporary cerebral ischemia in
      gerbils with an artificially reduced platelet count was investigated. Acute focal
      cerebral ischemia was produced by extracranial carotid ligation, and the local
      cerebral blood flow was estimated using the hydrogen clearance method. Brain
      tissue water and sodium and potassium contents were taken as indexes of brain
      edema. The platelet count was reduced in some gerbils by intravenous injection of
      neuraminidase. After 60 minutes of ischemia, a marked increase in tissue water
      and sodium contents accompanied by a decrease in potassium content was observed
      in untreated gerbils. However, gerbils with a reduced platelet count revealed
      similar but significantly smaller changes in all the measured parameters.
      Restoration of blood flow after 60 minutes of ischemia resulted in further
      accumulation of water and sodium and in depletion of potassium in both groups.
      These changes were significantly smaller in the gerbils with a reduced platelet
      count. It is concluded that platelets, activated by cerebral ischemia, may be
      involved in the development of ischemic brain edema in gerbils.

PMID- 3363577
TI  - Prediction of stroke before and after unilateral occlusion of the common carotid
      artery in gerbils.
AB  - A method was developed to predict the severity of cerebral ischemia before
      permanent occlusion of a common carotid artery in gerbils by observing the
      diameter and appearance of the artery after temporary occlusion and observing
      clinical signs after permanent occlusion. The severity of cerebral ischemia was
      confirmed by a sensitive immunohistochemical method and measurement of focal
      cerebral blood flow after 30 minutes' ischemia. All gerbils with greater than 40%
      reduction of the diameter and a white arterial margin distal to temporary
      occlusion developed severe neurologic signs following permanent occlusion, but no
      gerbils with reduction of less than 30% and a red arterial margin developed
      neurologic signs. With the cumulative neurologic score, gerbils could be divided
      into classes with no, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, mostly after 10
      minutes. Severely symptomatic gerbils were identified in 3 minutes. Extensive
      ischemic damage was observed in severely symptomatic gerbils, but no
      immunohistochemical lesion was detected in mildly symptomatic gerbils. Cerebral
      blood flow was markedly reduced in severely symptomatic gerbils but more
      selectively reduced in the cortical structures of moderately symptomatic gerbils.
      This prediction method is useful for investigating early cerebral ischemia and
      for evaluating the effectiveness of pharmacologic agents.

PMID- 3363578
TI  - The rat hippocampal slice preparation as an in vitro model of ischemia.
AB  - In vivo models of cerebral ischemia do not fully control for the interacting
      effects of many variables (e.g., anesthesia, temperature, cerebrovascular
      changes) and often do not clearly define the region affected. Numerous in vivo
      studies have indicated that hyperglycemia augments ischemic brain damage; this
      effect is often attributed to lactic acidosis. To separate the effects on
      neuronal tissue of ischemia from those due to actions on the cerebrovascular
      system, we used an in vitro blood-free system as an ischemic model. In our study
      we evaluated the effects of various combinations of oxygen and glucose levels on
      evoked synaptic activity in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampal slice
      preparation. A 50% inhibitory dose for both oxygen and glucose on neuronal
      synaptic function was determined. It is our intention to use this model for
      preliminary screening of antihypoxic/anti-ischemic drugs.

PMID- 3363579
TI  - The postorbital approach to the middle cerebral artery in cats.
AB  - The study of the relation between behavior, cerebral blood flow, and metabolism
      in animal models of cerebral ischemia has gained interest in the last 10 years.
      The most suitable models are those with the fewest side effects. One-sided
      blindness caused by decompression of the eye and coagulation of the optic nerve
      has been an inevitable side effect of transorbital occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery. The postorbital technique is a new surgical approach to the
      middle cerebral artery that leaves the intraorbital structures intact. After
      resection of the postorbital processes and gentle retraction of the eye, the
      optic foramen is approached with the help of an operating microscope. This
      approach is possible because cats have no lateral bony orbital wall. A
      subperiostal approach to the optic foramen is made, after which the optic foramen
      is enlarged. Opening of the dura gives access to the middle cerebral artery in
      the same way as the transorbital approach. In this way, occlusion of the middle
      cerebral artery is possible with minimal impairment of vision.

PMID- 3363580
TI  - Involvement of internal elastic lamina in development of induced cerebral
      aneurysms in rats.
AB  - To elucidate the role of the internal elastic lamina in the development of
      cerebral aneurysm, the bifurcation of the anterior cerebral artery and olfactory
      artery was histologically studied in control and experimental rats treated with
      unilateral carotid ligation and renal hypertension. Various stages of aneurysm
      formation were compared, and it was found that early aneurysmal changes were
      always present just distal to the apical intimal pad on the anterior cerebral
      artery side. The internal elastic lamina was thinned and fragmented just distal
      to the pad even in the very early stage of aneurysm formation when the medial
      layer was still present. In control rats, the internal elastic lamina had a
      tendency to thin and fragment at the site where aneurysms would develop in
      experimental rats. Our study shows that changes of the internal elastic lamina
      were present just distal to the pad even in control rats, which never develop
      cerebral aneurysms. Under hemodynamic stress augmented by experimental
      treatments, further degenerative changes of the internal elastic lamina and
      involvement of the medial layer are considered to occur and result in aneurysm
      formation there.

PMID- 3363581
TI  - Cerebellar infarction from fibromuscular dysplasia and dissecting aneurysm of the
      vertebral artery. Report of a child.
AB  - Infarction in the vertebrobasilar system presenting as a posterior fossa mass
      lesion is extremely rare in children. We recently studied and treated a 9-year
      old boy with cerebellar infarct produced by angiographically confirmed Type I
      fibromuscular dysplasia of the vertebral artery, complicated by a dissecting
      aneurysm. This case appears to be the first reported in the literature.

PMID- 3363582
TI  - Bilateral posterior cerebral artery strokes in a young migraine sufferer.
AB  - We report a young migraine sufferer who developed bilateral posterior cerebral
      artery territory infarcts during the course of his classic migraines, the second
      of which was associated with intraluminal clot in the posterior cerebral artery.
      To our knowledge, bilateral posterior cerebral artery stroke from spontaneous
      migraine has not been reported. Head computed tomographic, magnetic resonance
      imaging, and angiographic correlation is presented. The mechanism of migrainous
      infarction may be in part explained by caliber changes in arterioles and
      capillaries leading to flow reduction in the more proximal conduit arteries
      combined with the associated coagulopathy that has been previously documented
      during migraine attacks.

PMID- 3363583
TI  - Spinal cord infarction.
AB  - Spinal cord infarction occurs infrequently and may have diverse causes. It is
      necessary to establish whether an intrinsic or extrinsic lesion is responsible
      for the impaired cord function. Although therapy is limited at this time, the
      long-term prognosis is not necessarily unfavorable.

PMID- 3363584
TI  - Reversible ischemic neurologic deficit in a patient with the Kearns-Sayre
      syndrome.

PMID- 3363585
TI  - Relation between carotid plaque hematoma and ischemic cerebrovascular symptoms.

PMID- 3363586
TI  - The Stroke Data Bank: design, methods, and baseline characteristics.
AB  - The National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke
      initiated the Stroke Data Bank, which is a multicenter project to prospectively
      collect data on the clinical course and sequelae of stroke. Additional objectives
      were to provide information that would enable a standard diagnostic clinical
      evaluation, to identify prognostic factors, and to provide planning data for
      future studies. A brief description of the structure and methods precede the
      baseline characterization of 1,805 patients enrolled in the Stroke Data Bank
      between July 1983 and June 1986. Two thirds of these patients were admitted
      within 24 hours after stroke onset. Medical history, neurologic history, and
      hospitalization summaries are presented separately for the following stroke
      subtypes: infarction, unknown cause; embolism from cardiac source; infarction due
      to atherosclerosis; lacune; parenchymatous or intracerebral hemorrhage;
      subarachnoid hemorrhage; and other. The utility and limitations of these data are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363587
TI  - Predictive value of resting electrocardiograms for 12-year incidence of stroke in
      the Honolulu Heart Program.
AB  - The importance of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities at baseline
      examination for subsequent risk of stroke was analyzed in a 12-year follow-up of
      7,560 men in the Honolulu Heart Program, aged 45-68 years, who were free of
      coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline. Age-adjusted univariate analysis
      showed that men with major ST depression, left ventricular strain, left
      ventricular hypertrophy, major T wave inversion, and overall major ECG
      abnormalities had considerably higher (2.5-5.4 times) incidence rates of both
      thromboembolic and hemorrhagic stroke than those with normal baseline ECG. When
      blood pressure, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, fat intake, serum
      glucose concentration, serum uric acid concentration, years of education, and
      years lived in Japan were taken into consideration through multivariate analysis,
      the ECG abnormalities retained a significant relation with stroke. Our study
      demonstrates that resting ECG abnormalities are independent predictors of both
      thromboembolic and hemorrhagic stroke.

PMID- 3363588
TI  - Intellectual impairment and cerebral lesions in multiple cerebral infarcts. A
      clinical-computed tomography study.
AB  - The relation between cerebral lesions studied by computed tomography and the
      dementia syndrome has been evaluated in 40 patients with multi-infarct dementia,
      in 44 nondemented subjects with multiple infarcts, and in 30 controls matched for
      age and sex. Our study of the volume of ischemic lesions showed a slightly
      greater loss of cerebral substance in patients with multi-infarct dementia than
      in nondemented subjects with multiple infarcts, particularly in subjects with
      unilateral focal lesions and in patients with bilateral multiple cortical and
      subcortical lesions. The dementia syndrome was significantly associated with
      multiple locations of lesions in the thalamic and cortical areas supplied by the
      middle cerebral arteries. Moreover, patients with the dementia syndrome showed a
      significantly higher degree of cerebral atrophy than nondemented subjects and
      controls as evaluated by measurements of ventricular size, area of ventricular
      space, and area of subarachnoid space.

PMID- 3363589
TI  - Inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function in patients with
      completed stroke or reversible ischemic neurologic deficit.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of different doses of
      acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation. Among inpatients of the National
      Taiwan University Hospital, 236 cases of completed stroke and seven cases of
      reversible ischemic neurologic deficit that were diagnosed by computed tomography
      of the brain and that had not ingested acetylsalicylic acid or acetylsalicylic
      acidlike drugs for greater than 2 weeks before admission were selected for this
      study. Thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were measured by radioimmunoassay,
      threshold concentration of adenosine diphosphate was measured by Born's method,
      and circulating platelet aggregates were measured by the method of Wu and Hoak.
      Various single doses of acetylsalicylic acid (75, 300, or 600 mg) or 300 mg
      acetylsalicylic acid every 6 hours for four doses or one dose of 300 mg
      acetylsalicylic acid with 75 mg dipyridamole significantly suppressed the mean
      plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations and elevated the mean adenosine diphosphate
      threshold concentrations. Abnormal plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations,
      adenosine diphosphate threshold concentrations, or circulating platelet aggregate
      ratios were significantly normalized after administration of these regimens. The
      effects were not significantly different among treatment groups. Forty milligrams
      of acetylsalicylic acid seemed to have less platelet-inhibitory effect. A single
      dose of 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid significantly inhibited platelet hyperfunction
      and effectively corrected the abnormal plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations,
      adenosine diphosphate threshold concentrations, and circulating platelet
      aggregate ratios. Higher doses did not enhance the inhibitory effect. In
      addition, this single dose of acetylsalicylic acid did not significantly suppress
      plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. We conclude that 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid per day is
      adequate to inhibit platelet hyperfunction.

PMID- 3363590
TI  - Protein C in acute stroke.
AB  - The plasma concentrations of protein C, an anticoagulant protein, and
      fibrinopeptide A were measured in 37 patients with acute hemispheric stroke and
      in age-matched controls with nonvascular neurologic diseases. In 11 stroke
      patients who died within 15 days after the onset (nonsurvivors) protein C antigen
      concentration on admission was lower than in the control group (p less than
      0.005), with a mean value of 63% of the concentrations found in the 26 survivors
      (p less than 0.001). The difference in protein C concentrations was not
      associated with different prothrombin time ratios and serum albumin concentration
      in survivors and nonsurvivors of stroke and was independent of the size of the
      cerebral lesion. Increased fibrinopeptide A concentration on admission was found
      in all stroke patients (p less than 0.001), but it was higher in nonsurvivors
      than in survivors (p less than 0.01), suggesting that lower protein C
      concentrations in nonsurvivors might be due to increased thrombin-dependent
      protein C activation. In survivors, protein C concentration was slightly but
      significantly higher than in controls (p less than 0.05) and was unchanged 2
      months after stroke, a time when fibrinopeptide A concentrations had returned to
      normal. These results show that protein C is involved in the hemostatic
      derangement caused by stroke and provide a rationale for clinical trials
      evaluating the therapeutic supplementation with protein C of patients with acute
      ischemic stroke.

PMID- 3363591
TI  - Autoregulatory capacity and the effect of isovolemic hemodilution on local
      cerebral blood flow.
AB  - The effect of isovolemic hemodilution with dextran 40 on local cerebral blood
      flow was measured in eight cats by means of the hydrogen clearance technique.
      Under normotension the decrease of hematocrit from 35% to 25% causes a sudden
      increase of up to 30% in local cerebral blood flow. After lowering the mean
      arterial blood pressure from 140 to 80 mm Hg, hemodilution did not alter cerebral
      blood flow significantly. From this observation it is concluded that the increase
      of cerebral blood flow following hemodilution is caused by compensatory
      vasodilatation and not by reduction of blood viscosity. This could imply that
      hemodilution cannot improve blood flow in areas of impaired autoregulation.

PMID- 3363592
TI  - Increasing incidence of stroke among Swedish women.
AB  - The incidence of stroke and transient ischemic attack was studied prospectively
      in the municipality of Soderhamn, Sweden, during the periods 1975-1978 and 1983
      1986. A total of 723 cases of stroke and 111 cases of transient ischemic attack
      were registered during the two periods. The number of first-ever strokes
      increased by 28% between the 1970s and the 1980s, while the annual incidence of
      first-ever stroke rose from 2.90 to 3.53/1,000 (p less than 0.02). Female
      incidence increased by 38%, from 2.62 to 3.62/1,000 (p less than 0.05) between
      the study periods. Male incidence, however, changed nonsignificantly from 3.19 in
      the first period to 3.43 in the second. In 1975-1978, male incidence was four
      times greater than that of females up to 65 years of age, but the distribution
      became balanced in 1983-1986, when the increment of female incidence was 47% in
      the group 25-44 years old and 232% (p less than 0.05) in the group 45-64 years
      old. The annual incidence of first-ever transient ischemic attack was 0.43/1,000
      in men and 0.48/1,000 in women in 1975-1978. The corresponding rates for 1983
      1986 were 0.56 and 0.45/1,000, respectively. These changes were not significant.
      The cause of the increase in the incidence of stroke among women has not been
      established.

PMID- 3363593
TI  - Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients.
AB  - Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients was
      investigated in a group of 10 senior neurologists and 24 residents from two
      centers. One hundred patients were separately interviewed by two physicians in
      different combinations. The degree of handicap was recorded by each observer on
      the modified Rankin scale, which has six grades (0-5). The agreement rates were
      corrected for chance (kappa statistics). Both physicians agreed on the degree of
      handicap in 65 patients; they differed by one grade in 32 patients and by two
      grades in 3 patients. Kappa for all pairwise observations was 0.56; the value for
      weighted kappa (with quadratic disagreement weights) was 0.91. Our results
      confirm the value of the modified Rankin scale in the assessment of handicap in
      stroke patients; nevertheless, further improvements are possible.

PMID- 3363594
TI  - Metabolic changes during experimental cerebral ischemia in hyperglycemic rats,
      observed by 31P and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Progressive cerebral ischemia was induced in seven anesthetized hyperglycemic
      rats by carotid artery ligation and hemorrhagic hypotension. Phosphorus
      metabolites, intracellular pH, and lactate in the brain were monitored by 31P and
      1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Under conditions in which blood flow was low,
      phosphocreatine (PCr) concentration and intracellular pH decreased and the
      concentration of lactate increased. The decrease in ATP was approximately one
      third that of PCr until only 25% PCr remained, after which ATP was lost more
      rapidly than PCr. These changes were interpreted in terms of three regions
      observed by the magnetic resonance coil, one of complete ischemia, one of partial
      ischemia, and one of perfusion sufficient to maintain normal metabolite levels.
      The extent of the three regions was estimated quantitatively. Broadening and
      splitting of the inorganic phosphorus (Pi) peak into two components provided
      further evidence of distinct populations of cells, one very acidic and another
      less so. Apparent intracellular buffering capacity was calculated as 23.6 +/- 1.3
      mumol lactate/g wet wt/pH.

PMID- 3363595
TI  - Impairment of cerebellar blood flow autoregulation during cerebral ischemia in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Participation of the autonomic nervous system in cerebellar autoregulation during
      supratentorial cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid ligation was
      studied using 23 spontaneously hypertensive rats. Cerebral and cerebellar blood
      flows measured by a hydrogen clearance method were evaluated under stepwise
      hemorrhagic hypotension before and 30 minutes after ligation and after a 30
      minute recirculation period following 1 hour of ligation. alpha-Adrenergic
      blockade with phenoxybenzamine, beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, and
      muscarinic cholinergic blockade with atropine were selectively administered
      before ligation for inhibition of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. Cerebral
      blood flow autoregulation was severely impaired during and after cerebral
      ischemia in each treatment group. During cerebral ischemia, cerebellar blood flow
      autoregulation was also significantly impaired in both the propranolol and
      atropine groups although it was better preserved in the phenoxybenzamine group.
      After recirculation, cerebellar blood flow autoregulation recovered almost to the
      normal range in the phenoxybenzamine and atropine groups but remained impaired in
      the propranolol group. Our results suggest that impaired cerebellar blood flow
      autoregulation in supratentorial cerebral ischemia is partly modulated by the
      alpha-adrenoceptor system, which is activated by hypertensive stimuli and
      cerebral ischemia, leading to vasoconstriction in the cerebellum.

PMID- 3363596
TI  - Hyperglycemia enlarges infarct size in cerebrovascular occlusion in cats.
AB  - We investigated the influence of serum glucose concentration on infarct size
      following middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. These animals were deprived
      of food for 48 hours and infused with 1) saline for 1 hour before and 8 hours
      after occlusion (n = 8), 2) 10% glucose solution for 1 hour before and 6 hours
      after occlusion and saline for 2 additional hours (n = 8), or 3) 10% glucose for
      1 hour before and saline for 8 hours after occlusion (n = 5). Nineteen cats
      killed after 2 weeks' survival were subjected to morphometric infarct size
      determinations. Eight normoglycemic and 11 hyperglycemic cats exhibited infarcts
      affecting 10.2 +/- 3.4% and 29.5 +/- 6.5% (mean +/- SEM) of their middle cerebral
      artery territories, respectively (p less than 0.02). Cats of the two
      hyperglycemic groups showed similarly sized infarcts. However, two of eight (25%)
      of cats with preocclusion and postocclusion hyperglycemia died 8 and 24 hours
      after occlusion with infarction of the entire middle cerebral artery territory,
      marked hemispheral edema, and brainstem compression. Our results demonstrate that
      serum glucose concentration at the time of large cerebral vessel occlusion
      influences stroke outcome.

PMID- 3363597
TI  - Altered leukocyte rheology in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Erythrocyte and leukocyte suspensions were prepared from 28 patients with chronic
      cerebrovascular disease and 30 age- and concomitant disease-matched control
      subjects. Cell filterability was studied with the new St. George's filtrometer,
      which can discriminate between initial filtration rate as an erythrocyte
      parameter and filter clogging as a leukocyte parameter. Compared with control
      subjects, a significant increase of filter clogging was found in the patients,
      suggesting decreased deformability or increased adhesiveness of leukocytes or
      both in chronic cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3363598
TI  - Blood rheology in patients with transient ischemic attacks.
AB  - A complete ischemic stroke is associated with a significant hemorheologic
      disturbance leading to a rise of the viscous component of the peripheral
      resistance. This abnormality represents a consequence of the acute event.
      Nonetheless, it could be causally related to ischemia. In an attempt to clarify
      this question, 26 patients suffering from transient ischemic attacks were
      compared with controls in terms of blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, blood
      cell filterability, and erythrocyte aggregation. In patients there was a
      significant impairment of blood fluidity comprising plasma viscosity, blood cell
      filterability, and erythrocyte aggregation, suggesting that the flow properties
      of blood are jeopardized even before an acute stroke. Most likely this is due to
      the underlying arteriosclerotic process. Our results open the way to speculating
      that hemorheologic mechanisms might predispose to the development of a stroke by
      decreasing cerebral blood flow. If this hypothesis were true, it would have
      important therapeutic implications.

PMID- 3363599
TI  - Sleep apnea as a feature of bulbar stroke.
AB  - Medullary disorders can be associated with a sleep apnea syndrome. The present
      patient developed a sleep apnea syndrome with approximately 25 episodes of apnea
      or hypopnea during each hour of sleep following a lateral medullary infarction.
      The presence of predisposing factors and involvement of respiratory centers in
      the area of the medullary lesion may determine the appearance of sleep apnea with
      brainstem infarction. Investigation of breathing during sleep may be helpful in
      such cases.

PMID- 3363600
TI  - Cardioembolic stroke from atrial septal aneurysm.
AB  - Atrial septal aneurysm is an uncommon occult cardiac source of cerebral embolism.
      It is usually asymptomatic, and clinical cardiologic examination and
      electrocardiography fail to reveal its presence. We report a case of a 34-year
      old woman with sudden right hemiplegia and aphasia from occlusion of the left
      carotid siphon in whom an atrial septal aneurysm was detected by two-dimensional
      echocardiography. The absence of atherosclerotic risk factors and vascular
      lesions proximal to the carotid occlusion strengthened a causal relation between
      atrial septal aneurysm and cerebral infarction. Consequently, two-dimensional
      echocardiography may be advisable in every patient with unexplained ischemic
      stroke to detect possible occult embolic cardiac abnormalities.

PMID- 3363601
TI  - Thromboxane B2 levels in serum during continuous administration of nimodipine to
      patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of a
      supratentorial aneurysm underwent surgery within 72 hours after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage. Immediately after clipping of the aneurysm the patients were treated
      with intravenous nimodipine for at least 7 days and then received the drug orally
      for another week. Nine patients had a documented or probable intake of aspirin or
      other nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug during the days preceding admission. In
      all patients there was a gradual increase in serum thromboxane B2 concentration
      from low to normal levels during the treatment period, the increase being most
      pronounced in patients with prior nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug intake.
      Thromboxane B2 concentrations were similar to those of four control patients not
      receiving nimodipine. In three patients who developed delayed ischemic
      dysfunction despite "therapeutic" nimodipine plasma concentrations, the
      thromboxane B2 levels were low or normal. Our present results do not support the
      idea that nimodipine exerts an effect on platelet function in patients with
      aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

PMID- 3363602
TI  - Ulceration and carotid artery disease.

PMID- 3363603
TI  - Hemodilution in acute ischemic stroke.

PMID- 3363605
TI  - Religious affiliation and contraceptive usage: changing American patterns, 1955
      82.
AB  - This paper presents national estimates of contraceptive usage patterns among
      white women from 1955-82 for the major religious populations in the United
      States. Drawing on several surveys, the data show that in 1955 differences in
      contraceptive use between white Protestants and Catholics were very large and
      corresponded to the higher fertility levels among Catholics. By 1982, all the
      major religious groups had experienced downward changes in expected family size
      and all used effective contraceptive methods, including sterilization, the pill,
      and the IUD. Despite some convergence in the patterns of contraceptive usage over
      time, significant differences in contraceptive use styles remain among Catholics,
      Protestants, Jews, and those of no religious affiliation after multivariate
      controls eliminated socioeconomic and sociodemographic differences among these
      subpopulations. The evidence points to the multiple contraceptive paths to
      similar levels of low fertility. A series of hypotheses are proposed to account
      for these different contraceptive use styles that relate to religious
      communities, peer pressure and social norms, differential sex roles, male-female
      communication patterns, and the differential use of physician-based versus other
      sources of contraceptives.

PMID- 3363604
TI  - Beyond supply: the importance of female family planning workers in rural
      Bangladesh.
AB  - Using participant observation data on worker-client exchanges from Bangladesh,
      this article examines the interface between a government family planning program
      and the rural women it serves. Case material focuses first on the program
      function typically identified in the literature: meeting unmet demand for
      contraception by providing convenient supply. Functions that have been less
      recognized are then illustrated: (1) the worker's role in reducing fear of
      contraceptive technology; (2) her effort to address religious barriers, child
      mortality risks, and high fertility preferences; and (3) her role in mobilizing
      male support. The range of functions performed by the female family planning
      worker in the cases discussed here demonstrates that her role transcends the
      boundaries of what is conventionally implied by the concept of supply. She acts
      as an agent of change whose presence helps to shift reproductive decision-making
      away from passivity, exposing women long secluded by the tradition of purdah to
      the modern notion of deliberate choice.

PMID- 3363606
TI  - International Conference on Better Health for Women and Children through Family
      Planning: recommendations for action.
AB  - The importance of upgrading and revitalizing family planning programs so that
      health and human needs can be better met was addressed by 225 governmental and
      nongovernmental leaders from 60 countries at the International Conference on
      Better Health for Women and Children through Family Planning, in Nairobi, Kenya,
      5-9 October 1987. Family planning as a health measure, to prevent unwanted and
      high-risk pregnancies and the resulting deaths of hundreds of thousands of
      mothers and children in the developing world, was the focus of the conference. It
      was sponsored by the major international organizations concerned with family
      health and population issues: International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF),
      the Population Council, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations
      Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Fund for Population Activities
      (UNFPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Bank. The
      Recommendations for Action arising from the conference and reprinted below are
      endorsed by all seven of these sponsoring organizations and agencies.

PMID- 3363608
TI  - [Spinal injury in impact actions].

PMID- 3363607
TI  - Brazil 1986: results from the Demographic and Health Survey.

PMID- 3363609
TI  - [Main shortcomings in forensic osteological expert evaluation].

PMID- 3363610
TI  - [Use of a program for computer information analysis in establishing the identity
      of species of human and animal bony tissue].

PMID- 3363611
TI  - [Determination of the age of a human adult by appearance traits].

PMID- 3363612
TI  - [Use of chromatography-mass spectrometry of the hair for the tasks of forensic
      medicine expertise].

PMID- 3363613
TI  - [Toward a uniform interdisciplinary classification of craniocerebral trauma].

PMID- 3363614
TI  - [Use of anti-AHP protectin in research on saliva stains].

PMID- 3363615
TI  - [Isolation of nitrogen-containing organic bases from liver tissue as exemplified
      by a model substance].

PMID- 3363616
TI  - [Extraction of oktadin from aqueous solutions with organic solvents].

PMID- 3363618
TI  - [Optimizing the teaching of a course on Soviet law in a medical institute].

PMID- 3363617
TI  - [Programs for computing the alcohol content of the body using a microcalculator].

PMID- 3363619
TI  - [A method for the autopsy diagnosis of the displaced mediastinum].

PMID- 3363620
TI  - [A method for studying the cadaver in cases of death from strangulation
      asphyxia].

PMID- 3363621
TI  - [Cause of fatal puncture injuries from fragments of a plank in a traffic
      accident].

PMID- 3363622
TI  - [Capacity for active functioning in fatal mechanical injuries ].

PMID- 3363623
TI  - [A case of asphyxia while wearing a gas mask].

PMID- 3363624
TI  - [Poisoning by a tincture of false hellebore].

PMID- 3363625
TI  - [The forensic medicine service in East Germany].

PMID- 3363626
TI  - [Early morphological changes in the spinal cord in closed blunt injuries].

PMID- 3363627
TI  - The correspondence between tin and antiproliferative activity in a series of
      successive thymus extracts.

PMID- 3363628
TI  - Murine thymic multicellular complexes during latency period after
      methylnitrosourea (MNU) injection.
AB  - The number of TNC complexes and of stroma cell-thymocyte rosettes was examined
      during the preleukemic period in mice given MNU to induce leukemia. In parallel,
      numbers of the complexes were studied following administration of hydrocortisone
      one day before administering MNU, i.e. after the procedure which clearly
      inhibited manifestation of induced leukemias. Administration of MNU with or
      without hydrocortisone is followed by disappearance of TNC complexes and stroma
      cell-thymocyte rosettes followed by their regeneration between 2 and 6 weeks
      after MNU. Relative rates of regeneration were different in MNU treated versus
      MNU + hydrocortisone treated animals.

PMID- 3363629
TI  - Immunoreactivity of aqueous extracts of rat and mouse tissue with anti-thymosin
      alpha 1, anti-bovine thymopoietin and anti-thymulin antibodies. Studies using
      immunoblotting.
AB  - Anti-thymosin alpha 1 monoclonal antibodies recognized, on immunoblots, 1 to 2
      bands corresponding to molecules of 34 and 35 Kd when using aqueous extracts of
      thymus, spleen, kidney, liver, brain, pituitary and adrenal glands from rats or
      mice. Anti-bovine thymopoietin polyclonal antibodies, in the same conditions,
      labelled analogous 34, 35 and 35.5 Kd molecules in brain and thymus extracts but
      also a 40 Kd molecules in thymus and a 90 Kd in brain extracts. Anti-synthetic
      thymulin monoclonal antibodies recognized irregularly and poorly a 52 Kd molecule
      from thymus and brain extracts. These results suggest that thymopoietin, thymulin
      and specially Thymosin alpha 1 are first synthesized in large precursors.
      Finally, other organs seem capable of synthesizing thymosin alpha 1 and probably
      thymopoietin, but for thymulin, the results are too irregular to conclude.

PMID- 3363630
TI  - Thymomodulin enhances in vitro natural killer (NK) activity of human cord blood
      lymphocytes (CBL).

PMID- 3363631
TI  - Primary cultures of human intrahepatic (biliary) epithelial cells.

PMID- 3363632
TI  - Mode of action of cell recruiting, specifically sensitized lymphocytes recovered
      from rejecting allografts.

PMID- 3363633
TI  - Expression of two serine esterase genes during an allograft rejection in the
      mouse.

PMID- 3363634
TI  - Cells invading tumors: strategies for the identification and expansion of tumor
      reactive lymphocytes.

PMID- 3363635
TI  - Cloning and proliferating precursor frequencies of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
      from human solid tumors.

PMID- 3363636
TI  - Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Cyclosporine. November 4-7,
      1987, Washington, DC. I. Nature of the agent and its immunologic actions.

PMID- 3363637
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine A on local inflammation in rejecting allografts.

PMID- 3363638
TI  - In vivo cyclosporine A treatment inhibits spleen cell mitogen-triggered free
      [Ca2+] increase.

PMID- 3363639
TI  - Enhanced production and immunophenotypic analysis of Kurloff cells in immunized
      guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A: correlation with
      increased large granular lymphocyte production in the rat.

PMID- 3363641
TI  - Cyclosporine: conformation and analogues as tools for studying its mechanism of
      action.

PMID- 3363640
TI  - Effects of anti-rheumatic drugs on in vitro mitogenic stimulation of peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells.
AB  - The efficacy of bromocriptine, chloroquine, and Cs was quantitated in an in vitro
      system, with the use of mitogen-stimulated human PBMC. A concentration-dependent
      effect was found for each drug. Based on counts of blast cells, Cs was roughly 70
      times more effective than either bromocriptine or chloroquine. Besides
      quantitative comparison of the effect of the drugs, the in vitro system permits
      conclusions concerning drug combinations. The effect of the combination of
      bromocriptine and Cs was equal to the expected effects of the separate drugs.
      However, the combined effect of chloroquine and Cs exceeded the sum of the
      effects of the individual drugs, which indicates synergy, not addition.

PMID- 3363642
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine by high-performance liquid
      chromatography in high volume.

PMID- 3363643
TI  - Fast and specific measurement of cyclosporine A blood levels: a reliable high
      performance liquid chromatography method.

PMID- 3363644
TI  - Improved incubation conditions for the Sandoz cyclosporine radioimmunoassay kit.

PMID- 3363645
TI  - Prospective serial renal function studies in patients with nonrenal disease
      treated with cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3363646
TI  - Correlation of blood levels and tissue levels of cyclosporine with the histologic
      features of cyclosporine toxicity.

PMID- 3363647
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cyclosporine and model unilamellar
      vesicles: where does the drug sit within the membrane?

PMID- 3363648
TI  - Absence of genotoxic potential for cyclosporine in experimental systems.

PMID- 3363649
TI  - Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in uremic patients: influence of different assay
      methods.

PMID- 3363650
TI  - A brief course of cyclosporine A pretransplant reduces posttransplant
      cyclosporine A requirements in beagles and humans.

PMID- 3363651
TI  - Small intestinal transplantation and cyclosporine predose calculation.

PMID- 3363652
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3363653
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3363654
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine A on the hepatic clearance rate of prednisone in
      isolated perfused livers of normal and uremic rats.

PMID- 3363655
TI  - The effect of phenobarbital and methylprednisolone on the biotransformation of
      cyclosporine in the rat.

PMID- 3363656
TI  - Biologic significance of cyclosporine metabolites.

PMID- 3363657
TI  - Measurement of blood cyclosporine metabolite concentrations with a new column
      switching high-performance liquid chromatographic assay.

PMID- 3363658
TI  - Deposition of nine metabolites of cyclosporine in human tissues, bile, urine, and
      whole blood.

PMID- 3363659
TI  - Generation and characterization of cyclosporine metabolites produced in a hepatic
      microsomal system.

PMID- 3363660
TI  - The absence of an allergic reaction to cyclosporine capsules in a patient
      allergic to standard oral and intravenous solutions of cyclosporine.

PMID- 3363661
TI  - Treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis with cyclosporine A eyedrops.
AB  - Twenty-one children (4 to 12 years old) with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis
      refractive to treatment with corticosteroid eyedrops and/or 2% disodium
      cromoglycate (Optic-rom, Fisons) were treated with CsA 2% eyedrops in oil
      solution. Eighteen patients (86%) experienced a rapid relief of their subjective
      symptoms three to four days after initiation of treatment. This was accompanied
      by objective improvement of ocular manifestations and visual acuity within a
      week. Sixteen of the children (76%) remained controlled during the 6-week period
      of treatment. However, only five patients (24%) did not need any additional
      therapy 2 months after discontinuation of the CsA eyedrops. These findings can be
      interpreted as an indication for the possible involvement of interleukin
      secretion in the clinical manifestations of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
      Alternatively, the beneficial effects of CsA in this disease may be due to a
      direct effect on the mast cells preventing the release of their mediators.

PMID- 3363663
TI  - Ocular bioavailability of cyclosporine after oral administration.

PMID- 3363662
TI  - Intraocular penetration of topically applied cyclosporine.

PMID- 3363664
TI  - Predominance of native cyclosporine over metabolites in rat blood and tissue.

PMID- 3363665
TI  - Tissue distribution of [3H]cyclosporine A in mice.

PMID- 3363666
TI  - Plasma and tissue cyclosporine A concentrations in developing rats.

PMID- 3363667
TI  - Subcutaneous absorption of cyclosporine in rabbits.

PMID- 3363668
TI  - Effects of cyclosporine on nuclear function.

PMID- 3363669
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscles of rats during maximum physical exertion
      and its correction by ionol].
AB  - The maximum physical exercises lead to the activation of lipid peroxidation in
      rats. It is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of diene conjugates
      and malonic dialdehyde in skeletal muscles. Preliminary administration of ionol
      antioxidant, prevents these changes. The possibilities of using the antioxidant
      in the prevention of skeletal muscle lesion during physical exercises are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363670
TI  - [Stimulation of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes by tetraphenylporphine
      and its metallocomplexes].
AB  - It is shown that tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and its complexes with metals
      decrease the rate of the diene conjugate formation. The above compounds increase
      the malonic dialdehyde accumulation. The effect of TPP and its complexes with
      metals is connected with stimulation of lipid peroxidation in biomembranes.

PMID- 3363671
TI  - [3 types of sperm proteins in eukaryotes].
AB  - Basic spermal proteins of various species of hydrobionts attributed to Pisces and
      Cephalopoda are studied. It is established that chromatin of nine species
      referring to two Cypriniformes families includes the somatic histones. Histone H1
      of Cypriniformes is attributed to the lysine-rich type histones and contains 35%
      mol. of lysine and 0.7% mol. of tyrosine. Chromatin of 14 species of fish
      referring to nine families of the percoid fish superorder includes protamines
      similar to salmin, a typical protamine of salmon. The amino acidic analysis of
      protamine from the sandre sperma has shown that it contains 59% mol. of arginine
      and no tyrosine. Chromatin of three species from squid superorder referring to
      Cephalopoda includes gametones -- proteins differing from histones and protamines
      both in the electrophoretic mobility and amino acidic composition (75% mol. of
      arginine, 3% mol. of tyrosine).

PMID- 3363672
TI  - [Synthesis of proteins in heart mitochondria during postnatal development of the
      rat].
AB  - Proteins of inner mitochondrial membranes of the albino rat myocardium during
      postnatal development of 1, 3 and 6 months old animals were electrophoretically
      separated in 10% polyacrylamide gel. The rate of 14C-amino acids incorporation
      into examined proteins was determined in vitro. Specific radioactivity of the
      total mitochondrial fraction decreased in the course of the postnatal
      development. That of outer membranes remained unchanged, though it sharply
      increased in inner membranes of mature animals as compared with animals aged one
      month. Levels of radioactive precursor incorporation in separate protein
      fractions of inner membranes of the myocardium mitochondria were estimated.

PMID- 3363674
TI  - [Interaction of the retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein complex in the Golgi
      apparatus of mucosa cells from the chicken glandular stomach].
AB  - A Golgi-rich fraction has been isolated from the chicken glandular stomach mucosa
      cells and characterized. Interaction of the [3H]retinol--cellular retinol-binding
      protein complex with Golgi-rich fraction is shown. The uptake process is specific
      and saturable. Free retinol does not penetrate to a Golgi-rich fraction. An
      assumption is advanced that retinol-binding protein is involved in the transport
      of retinol to various cell particles, in particular, to the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 3363673
TI  - [Effect of heparin on fibrinogen formation during experimental toxic syndrome of
      disseminated intravascular coagulation].
AB  - The formation of circulation components of fibrinogen pool in toxigenic syndrome
      of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation (DBC-syndrome) caused by the
      Vipera lebetina turanica venom has been examined by the gel-filtration method.
      Simultaneously it has been studied what components of fibrinogen pool are removed
      in paracoagulation tests and with addition of the coagulating enzymes (thrombin,
      reptilase and the Echis multisguamatus venom) to the plasma. The preliminary
      heparinization of animals poisoned by Vipera lebetina turanica venom was found to
      prevent the fibrinogen formation mainly at the fibrin-monomer formation stage.
      Besides, the effect of polymerization inhibition was revealed in the plasma of
      such animals.

PMID- 3363675
TI  - [Distribution of pyridoxal-5-phosphate between proteins and low molecular weight
      components of plasma: effect of acetaldehyde].
AB  - It is found that approximately 65-70% of pyridoxal-P at physiological
      concentrations is bound to plasma proteins; 15% of its amount is bound to amino
      acids and peptides as a result of the Schiff base formation. Over 85% of
      pyridoxal-P associated with plasma proteins is bound to serum albumin. Inorganic
      phosphate and NaCl decrease the affinity of pyridoxal-P for albumin or other
      proteins. Acetaldehyde interacts with the alpha-amino group of the aspartic acid
      residue of the N-end of the polypeptide chain of the albumin molecule and with
      two epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues having anomalously low value of
      pKa and deprotonated at physiological values of pH of the medium. Acetaldehyde
      competes with pyridoxal-P for the first (of the highest affinity) binding site of
      the coenzyme on serum albumin. Acetaldehyde is not bound at the second site of
      high affinity for pyridoxal-P on serum albumin.

PMID- 3363676
TI  - [Effect of concanavalin A on the level of sulfhydryl groups in thymocytes].
AB  - Fluorescein mercury acetate (FMA), a fluorescent probe, is used for the
      investigation of SH-groups of thymocytes' plasma membrane. It is found that
      mitogenic lectin Con A decreases the amount of membrane SH-groups and increases
      the fluorescence polarization degree of FMA (PFMA). The value of PFMA increases
      also during the incubation of cells with potassium ferricyanide and H2O2 but it
      decreases in the presence of NADH. The analysis of the data permits a conclusion
      that the thymocyte activation by Con A results in the selective oxidation of
      certain SH-groups with the formation of disulphide cross-linking between the
      plasma membrane receptors bound with the lectin molecules.

PMID- 3363677
TI  - [The role of various amino acid residues in the functioning of NADP-specific
      isocitrate dehydrogenase from bovine adrenal cortex cytoplasm].
AB  - The modification of SH-groups in the native isocitrate dehydrogenase accessible
      to 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) is accompanied by the enzyme
      inactivation. Isocitrate rather than NADP and MnCl2 protects two SH-groups of the
      enzyme from modification by DTNB and attendant inactivation. The isocitrate
      dehydrogenase inactivation by DTNB obeys pseudofirst-order reaction kinetics. The
      number of DTNB-titrated sulphydryl groups does not change after the isocitrate
      dehydrogenase denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulphate. In the presence of
      manganese ions isocitrate and to a lesser extent NADP protect isocitrate
      dehydrogenase from the inactivation induced by 2,3-butanedione, a specific
      modifier of arginine residues. It has also been shown that the methylene blue
      sensitized photoinactivation of the enzyme associated with the photooxidation of
      histidine residues decreases in the presence of NADP. These data provide evidence
      for an essential role of the SH-groups, arginine residues and, probably,
      histidine in the functioning of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from
      adrenal cortex.

PMID- 3363678
TI  - [Effect of gradients of monovalent cations on active transport of Ca2+ in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum and proteoliposomes].
AB  - Artificially generated K+ gradient from the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles
      enhances the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport. The effect is not specific for K+, and
      is observed when K+ is replaced by Na+ or choline. Dissipation of the K+, Na+,
      choline gradient does not influence the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in
      proteoliposomes from asolectin and purified Ca2+-ATPase. The K gradient in the
      presence of valinomycin stimulates the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in
      proteoliposomes.

PMID- 3363679
TI  - [Surface charge of erythrocyte membrane during disorders of lipid metabolism from
      the data of microelectrophoresis, H+-titration and fluorescence studies].
AB  - The surface charges and the isoelectric points (pI) as well as changes in these
      values depending on the lipid composition are determined for erythrocyte
      membranes of rat, rabbit, bull and man under conditions of hypercholesterinemia,
      atherosclerosis, D-hypovitaminosis and in experiments in vitro using the
      techniques of microelectrophoresis and positive charged ligands (proton, probe
      astraphloxin) binding. The ionogenic groups forming charge and essential
      differences in their nature (pK) and quantity depending on the erythrocyte type
      are found. Inverse correlation between the content of cholesterol and cholesterol
      ethers and the value of erythrocyte membrane surface charges was established for
      each sample examined. A comparative evaluation of the methods used was conducted.

PMID- 3363680
TI  - [Effect of diet on the lipid composition of cell nuclei and liver mitochondria
      during ontogenesis of the rat].
AB  - The possible influence of the type of dietary fat on quantitative changes of
      different lipids in microsomes, nuclei and chromatin in hepatic cells of albino
      rats in ontogenesis was studied. While the type of diet had no significant
      influence on the levels of different phospholipids and fatty acids of nuclei, the
      type of dietary fat exerted definite effect on the levels of whole phospholipids,
      cholesterol of microsomes, nuclei and fatty acids of chromatin. The age
      specificity was observed in nuclear structures.

PMID- 3363681
TI  - [Increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels of the rat
      liver during an early period of hepatocarcinogenesis].
AB  - The ornithine decarboxylase activity and the polyamine content in the fraction of
      plasma membranes and cytosol of the rat liver are studied in the early period (1
      4 weeks) of nitrosodiethyl amine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The enzyme
      activity and polyamine levels in the cytosol of the rat liver cells are found to
      increase sharply during the first month of the disease, the maximum being
      observed the first-second week. By the end of the fourth week these indices
      become lower but they remain significantly higher than the normal levels. The
      polyamine level increases considerably in the fraction of plasma membranes with
      the maximum observed the second week.

PMID- 3363683
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical contribution to the histogenesis of human
      cardiac myxoma.
AB  - The ultrastructural features of 8 human cardiac myxomas were analyzed and
      correlated with immunohistochemical data, with the aim to clarify the
      characteristics of the cell lines involved in the tumor genesis.
      Immunohistochemical studies were performed to detect the presence and the
      distribution of intracytoplasmic filaments (vimentin, desmin, actin, myosin) as
      well as myoglobin and factor VIII-related antigen, albumin, and lysozyme. Eighty
      percent of myxoma cells were simultaneously positive for vimentin, desmin, and
      actin, whereas 30% of them stained with antifactor VIII and antivimentin
      antibodies. The submicroscopic analysis revealed two main cell populations: (1)
      one composed of stellate-shaped cells with scanty organelles and sparse
      hyaloplasmic filaments scattered throughout the myxoid stroma and forming a loose
      network with their projections; (2) another one included cells with more
      cytoplasmic organelles, intermediate filaments, and myofilaments arranged either
      singly or in both solid and hollow cord-like structures. Our results support the
      hypothesis that cardiac myxoma may originate from a reserve multipotent
      mesenchymal cell able to differentiate more or less completely along two major
      evolutional lines: myoid and endothelial. The tumor tissue thus seems to be
      involved in vessel formation, suggesting a growth pattern akin to that manifested
      in other forms of endocardial pathological reactivity in which reserve
      mesenchymal cells are engaged.

PMID- 3363682
TI  - Iron content and acid phosphatase activity in hepatic parenchymal lysosomes of
      patients with hemochromatosis before and after phlebotomy treatment.
AB  - Lysosomal structures in liver parenchymal cells of 3 patients with iron overload
      and of 3 subjects without iron-storage disorders were investigated. A combination
      of enzyme cytochemistry--with cerium as a captive ion to demonstrate lysosomal
      acid phosphatase activity--and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was
      used. We were able (1) to define and quantify lysosomal structures as lysosomes,
      siderosomes, or residual bodies, (2) to quantify the amount of iron and cerium
      simultaneously in these structures, and (3) to evaluate a possible relation
      between iron storage and enzyme activity. With histopathologically increased iron
      storage, the number of siderosomes had increased at the cost of lysosomes, with a
      corresponding increase in acid phosphatase activity in both organelles. In
      histopahtologically severe iron overload, however, acid phosphatase activity was
      low or not detectable and most of the iron was stored in residual bodies. After
      phlebotomy treatment, the number of siderosomes had decreased in favor of the
      lysosomes, approaching values obtained in control subjects, and acid phosphatase
      activity was present in all iron-containing structures. In this way a
      relationship between iron storage and enzyme activity was established. The iron
      content of the individual lysosomal structures per unit area had increased with
      histopathologically increased iron storage and had decreased after phlebotomy
      treatment. From this observation, it is concluded that the iron status of the
      patient is not only reflected by the amount of iron-containing hepatocytes but,
      as well, by the iron content lysosomal unit area.

PMID- 3363684
TI  - Paraganglioma of the cauda equina: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical
      study of two cases.
AB  - The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of 2 paragangliomas arising
      in the cauda equina are described. In both cases the tumor cells were arranged in
      small nests or cords and contained characteristic neurosecretory granules,
      lamellar stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and some well-developed
      Golgi apparatuses in their cytoplasm. The cells varied in electron density; the
      darker cells, occasionally resembling sustentacular cells, were probably
      dehydrated light cells because they contained a few neurosecretory granules.
      Sustentacular cells were difficult to identify by electron microscopy, but
      irregularly distributed S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
      were found in these cells by immunostaining. Many tumor cells contained abundant
      neurofilaments. Curiously, a few cytokeratin-positive cells were found in 1 case.
      On microscopic examination, a small area of ganglioneuroma was found associated
      with the paraganglioma in 1 case. Ganglionic differentiation was concluded to be
      frequent in paragangliomas of the cauda equina region as in duodenal
      paragangliomas.

PMID- 3363685
TI  - Gastric carcinoid with unusual ultrastructural features.

PMID- 3363686
TI  - Leptofibrils in cardiac myocytes.

PMID- 3363687
TI  - Tubuloreticular structures in classic Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 3363688
TI  - Particulate deposits in glomerular epithelial cells.

PMID- 3363689
TI  - [Loss of hearing in children. Epidemiology and identification].

PMID- 3363690
TI  - [Microbiological findings in patients with symptoms of neonatal conjunctivitis
      after withdrawal of compulsory treatment with silver nitrate drops].

PMID- 3363691
TI  - [Occurrence of serological markers to hepatitis B in mentally retarded persons in
      an institution].

PMID- 3363692
TI  - [Occurrence of hepatitis B antibody in hospital laboratory technicians].

PMID- 3363693
TI  - [Registration of intensive care patients by the APACHE system: acute physiology
      and chronic health evaluation].

PMID- 3363694
TI  - [Morbidity and mortality of alcoholics during hospitalization in intensive care
      units].

PMID- 3363696
TI  - [Mini-trach II equipment for emergency tracheostomy].

PMID- 3363695
TI  - [Shoulder joint alloplasty with the Neer Mark II prosthesis. A prospective study
      of 50 cases].

PMID- 3363697
TI  - [Use of spinal analgesia in lumbar disk prolapse].

PMID- 3363698
TI  - [Superficial abscesses treated on an ambulatory basis by means of infiltration
      analgesia and without employment of drains].

PMID- 3363699
TI  - [Environment and health. Current international initiatives in the field of
      environmental protection].

PMID- 3363700
TI  - [The consequences of 113 notifications to the worker's supervision authorities
      from general practice].

PMID- 3363701
TI  - [Rearrangements in research fellow appointments to the University Hospital in
      Copenhagen: the first 100 projects].

PMID- 3363702
TI  - [Chondromalacia of the patella. Long-term observation].

PMID- 3363703
TI  - [AIDS screening in West Denmark. Results of examination of 500 persons in an AIDS
      screening clinic in Arhus].

PMID- 3363704
TI  - [AIDS and ARC (AIDS-related complex) in West Denmark 1985-1986].

PMID- 3363705
TI  - [Gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis in men in Ilulissat/Jakobshavn in
      Greenland].

PMID- 3363706
TI  - [Bacteremia in the county of North Jutland].

PMID- 3363707
TI  - [Ureteral calculi in pregnancy: diagnosis and treatment. A retrospective study].

PMID- 3363708
TI  - [Can a single early catheterization prevent urethral stricture after
      transurethral resection of the prostate?].

PMID- 3363710
TI  - [Brachial neuritis].

PMID- 3363709
TI  - [The great saphenous vein in situ bypass surgery for ischemia threatening the
      lower limbs].

PMID- 3363711
TI  - [A scleroderma-resembling disease--exposure to trichloroethylene and
      trichloroethane, is there a causal connection?].

PMID- 3363712
TI  - [Measurement of function in gerontological research. II. Instrumental activities
      of daily living].

PMID- 3363713
TI  - [Alcohol and pulmonary disease].

PMID- 3363714
TI  - [The migrating motor complex in the small intestine].

PMID- 3363715
TI  - [Gliadin antibody titre as a diagnostic aid in celiac disease].

PMID- 3363716
TI  - [Total hip replacement following traumatic dislocation of the hip and/or
      acetabular fracture. A review of 33 cases].

PMID- 3363717
TI  - [Knee arthroplasties. Infection and other complications].

PMID- 3363718
TI  - [Erection resulting from intracavernous injection of papaverine].

PMID- 3363719
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of patients' reviewing their own record at the
      psychiatric department of Fredriksberg Hospital].

PMID- 3363720
TI  - [Transaxillary resection of the first rib in the thoracic outlet syndrome].

PMID- 3363721
TI  - [Acid-base and gas tension in cord blood as a function of the time after double
      cord clamping].

PMID- 3363722
TI  - [Retrograde pyelography. Diagnostic value and frequency of complications].

PMID- 3363723
TI  - [Missed subtalar dislocation].

PMID- 3363724
TI  - [Vaginal evisceration despite colpocleisis and colpo-perineal plastic repair].

PMID- 3363725
TI  - [Fatal lighter-gas sniffing].

PMID- 3363727
TI  - [In vitro fertilization and ethics].

PMID- 3363726
TI  - [Ventricular fibrillation after sniffing lighter fuel].

PMID- 3363728
TI  - [Polypeptide growth factors].

PMID- 3363729
TI  - [The principle of randomization. An attempt at a medico-ethical analysis].

PMID- 3363730
TI  - [Disorders of calcium metabolism after partial resection of the stomach. An
      overlooked clinical problem?].

PMID- 3363731
TI  - [Screening for risk of cardiovascular diseases at the Arhus Town Hall].

PMID- 3363733
TI  - [Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 1950-1984. A retrospective study and a
      follow-up study].

PMID- 3363732
TI  - [Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in medico-legal autopsy
      material].

PMID- 3363734
TI  - [Causes of severe neonatal thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 3363735
TI  - [Heterologous insemination with frozen semen and ovulation time].

PMID- 3363736
TI  - [Tibial condyle fractures. Results of non-surgical treatment].

PMID- 3363737
TI  - [Embolization of the renal artery without subsequent nephrectomy. A retrospective
      study of patients with metastasizing renal cell carcinoma].

PMID- 3363738
TI  - [Success rate and complications of the 3-in-1-block method].

PMID- 3363739
TI  - [Persistent light reactivity after prochlorperazine treatment].

PMID- 3363740
TI  - [Stewart-Treves syndrome in a lower extremity].

PMID- 3363741
TI  - [HIV screening of pregnant women. Commentary from Norway].

PMID- 3363742
TI  - [A pathologist in Kenya].

PMID- 3363743
TI  - Observations of restricted beam-induced specimen motion with small-spot
      illumination.
AB  - When lattice images of monolamellar paraffin crystals are recorded with a beam of
      diameter on the order of 1000 A, image contrast in part of the image is found to
      be at least three times higher than contrast in images obtained with
      conventional, flood illumination. Variations in contrast within these images,
      observed in previous experiments, are now found to be the result of radiation
      damage caused by the beam, which causes the crystal lattice to expand. This
      residual mode of beam-induced specimen motion, as well as distortions which
      propagate to adjacent, unirradiated areas of the specimen, are detected in a
      number of different ways. It thus appears that beam-induced specimen motion can
      be virtually eliminated over at least part of the illuminated area. Deleterious
      effects of the remaining mode of motion can be minimized by appropriate choice of
      exposure, beam-spot diameter, and spacing between exposed spots.

PMID- 3363744
TI  - [Arthrography in the prognostic assessment of first-time shoulder dislocation].
AB  - Arthrography shows a Bankart lesion in 28% of all first shoulder dislocations.
      Recurrences (17.3%) are found only in this group. Arthrography is therefore a
      simple and important procedure in the examination and prognosis of the shoulder
      dislocation.

PMID- 3363745
TI  - [Plating of fresh clavicular fractures. Experience with 60 operations].
AB  - In two trauma units 63 patients with 65 fresh fractures of the clavicle were
      treated by plating, applying strict indications for the selection of the patients
      for surgery. The straight reconstruction plate 3.5, DCP 2.7 and in very slim
      clavicles the straight reconstruction plate 2.7 proved to be the most useful
      implants. With correct indication and good operative technique plating leads
      nearly always to healing in anatomic position with good functional results. The
      course of 60 fractures could be analysed. 57 patients with 58 fractures were
      followed. One polytraumatised woman with bilateral fractures died. Seven
      complications with negative influence on the result were observed: four
      pseudarthroses following loosening, bending or breaking of the plate, three
      refractures after removal of the plate. There was no infection. That means, that
      technical complications with bad results occurred in about 1/10 of the
      operations. All seven were multiple fragment fractures in the middle of the
      clavicular shaft. It therefore seems that complications could be avoided by using
      a different technique or a different implant.

PMID- 3363746
TI  - [Plastic deformity of the long tubular bones].
AB  - This paper presents a special reaction of long tubular bone to a singular
      compression or bending stress. The reaction is defined as "plastic deformation".
      The characteristics of this reaction are permanent bowing of a long tubular bone
      without fracture and the lack of periosteal reactions in follow-up
      roentgenograms. In the forearm the deformation leads to loss of function, in the
      tibia and femur a lasting deformation may lead to late arthrosis of the adjacent
      joints, therefore it should be corrected. Experiences in eight own patients and
      bibliographical data are discussed.

PMID- 3363747
TI  - [Femoral neck fractures--treatment and results at a general surgery department].
AB  - This is a report about 50 fractures of the femoral neck, treated in a ward for
      general surgery. Impacted valgus fractures generally do not need surgery.
      Osteosynthesis only with Bohler nail have no good results. Hemiprosthesis of
      femoral head on elderly patients is a good method and generally not followed by
      protrusio acetabuli.

PMID- 3363748
TI  - [A new technic for arthroscopic reinsertion and augmentation of the recently torn
      anterior cruciate ligament].
AB  - The arthroscopic examination of every recent haemarthrosis of the knee, even in
      cases without clinically obvious instability has increased the number of primary
      diagnosed ruptures of the LCA in the last years. The most frequent lesion of the
      LCA was the proximal rupture. The usual methods for the operative treatment of
      the ruptured LCA require the opening of the knee joint and cause the weakening of
      hamstrings, with all disadvantages connected with these procedures. Basing on the
      experiences in arthroscopic surgery of meniscal lesions and the good results of
      alloplastic augmentation an new method of arthroscopic refixation and
      augmentation of the torn LCA has been developed. The use of an arthroscopic
      meniscal stitcher enables anatomically exact reconstruction of the torn ligament
      through a femoral tunnel. Augmentation by an LAD-band (Kennedy) or Trevira band
      (Hoechst) allows postoperative functional treatment, avoiding atrophic
      degeneration of muscles and loss of mobility by immobilisation. Postoperative
      pain is reduced to a minimum compared to conventional technics. The period of
      rehabilitation is considerably shortened.

PMID- 3363749
TI  - [Cross stabilization of the internal fixator of the spine].
AB  - The "Internal Fixator" for stabilizing the dorso-lumbar spine represents an
      effective and meanwhile established device to neutralize flexion-bending and
      sagittal shearing forces. Because of the possible movement of the Schanz' screws
      in the bone and within the connection clamps, this device does not withstand
      torsional and frontal plane shearing forces after postinjury or postlaminectomy
      instability. Therefore, a cross-link device, adaptable to the "Internal Fixator"
      has been developed. Biomechanical testing against torsion and frontal plane
      bending moments have shown very low stability resulting in lateral displacement
      of the fixation device without cross-linking. The diagonal bracing with two wire
      cerclages does not significantly increase the stability. The recently developed
      cantilever cross-link device completes the two longitudinal bars to a frame
      construction and increases therefore the torsional and frontal plane stability
      for over 70%. This supplementary device is easy to apply to the "Internal
      Fixator" and has been successful in clinical practise.

PMID- 3363750
TI  - Blood factors and venous gas emboli: surface to 429 mmHg (8.3 psi).
AB  - Analyses of 43 parameters were performed on blood obtained from 30 volunteer
      subjects before and after a 6-h chamber decompression from the surface to 429
      mmHg. Eight subjects (5 male, 3 female) were bubble-prone (bubble grades 3 and
      4), and 22 (15 male, 7 female) were resistant (bubble grade 0) to forming bubbles
      as detected with precordial Doppler. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences
      include the following: higher levels of cholesterol in the bubble-prone males and
      combined subjects (males and females) than in their resistant counterparts;
      higher magnesium in the bubble-prone males; shorter preexposure prothrombin time
      in bubble-prone males and combined subjects; increased partial thromboplastin
      time in bubble-prone females vs. the resistant females, who showed a decrease
      during exposure; higher preexposure hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell
      count in the bubble-prone females; and significant reduction in hemoglobin, red
      blood cell count, and serum osmolality in the bubble-prone females during the
      exposure relative to changes in the resistant females. In this study, high
      cholesterol and hemoconcentration seem to be characteristics of bubble-prone
      subjects.

PMID- 3363751
TI  - Role of body fat in the prediction of the metabolic response for immersion in
      cold water.
AB  - Several empirical models for predicting the metabolic response to a lowered body
      temperature have been evaluated against available data of young healthy males
      immersed in cold water under resting conditions. Nude immersions took place in 20
      and 24 degrees C water for 1 h, and clothed immersions took place in 10 and 15
      degrees C for 3 h. The data were pooled according to low and high percent body
      fat (%BF). Decreases in the mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) ranged from 5.3
      to 11.9 degrees C and decreases in the core temperature (Tc) ranged from 0.56 to
      1.54 degrees C, while increases in the metabolic rate over the immersion period
      ranged from 34 to 256 W. Through regression analysis, an inverse relationship
      between %BF and the metabolic response for a given lowered Tsk and lowered Tc was
      established. When this relationship was explicitly applied to the models,
      significant improvements in their predictive capability were found. Variables
      such as body weight, body surface area, and the rate of change of Tsk were not
      found to contribute to the predictive capability of the models.

PMID- 3363752
TI  - Nutritional status of land-based U.S. Navy divers.
AB  - The nutritional status of 16 male, land-based U.S. Navy divers was assessed to
      collect baseline information for a cold water dive series. Diet records, blood
      samples, and 24-h urine collections were obtained and analyzed. The divers were
      deriving 17 +/- 1%, 40 +/- 2%, 32 +/- 2% of their calories from protein,
      carbohydrate, and fat, respectively. The remaining calories were furnished by
      alcohol (11 +/- 2%), an amount within the American Heart Association's
      guidelines. Crude fiber intake was low (3.7 +/- 0.4 g/d) whereas cholesterol (507
      +/- 101 mg/d) and sodium intakes (4462 +/- 599 mg/d) were high. Mean intakes of
      vitamin B6 and folacin were below the Military Recommended Dietary Allowances.
      Mean blood concentrations and urinary excretion of minerals were normal but
      urinary sodium excretion was high. Results indicate that the divers' intakes of
      sodium and cholesterol were high, whereas intakes of complex carbohydrate and
      crude fiber were low. Whether these dietary patterns are suitable for extended
      dives, especially in cold water, remains to be determined.

PMID- 3363753
TI  - Pressure suppresses serotonin release by guinea pig striatal synaptosomes.
AB  - Exposure to high pressure produces neurologic changes in humans which manifest as
      tremor, EEG changes, and convulsions. Since previous studies have implicated the
      involvement of the serotoninergic system in these symptoms, it was of interest to
      study serotonin release at high pressure. Synaptosomes isolated from guinea pig
      striatum were used to follow serotonin efflux at 68 ATA. The major observation
      was a decrease in [3H]serotonin release from depolarized striatal synaptosomes at
      68 ATA. In view of the role of serotonin as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in
      this area, the observed decrease in synaptic release leads us to conclude that
      decreased serotoninergic activity in striatal neurons probably is contributing to
      the hyperexcitability associated with HPNS.

PMID- 3363754
TI  - High ambient pressure of 41 bar increases the cerebral toxicity of penicillins.
AB  - Sodium benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, and azlocillin were infused intravenously
      in awake rats at 1 and 41 bar until they convulsed. The doses necessary to elicit
      convulsions were significantly lower at 41 than at 1 bar, i.e., with a 24% (P
      less than 0.0005) lower dose of benzylpenicillin and a 23% lower dose of
      azlocillin (P less than 0.005). The convulsion threshold of cloxacillin was also
      lower (13%), but not statistically significant. The results show that high
      pressure reduces the convulsion threshold for some penicillins. Hippocampal amino
      acid concentrations were also measured in animals exposed to 1 and 41 bar with
      and without benzylpenicillin treatment. Infusion of benzylpenicillin at 1 bar led
      to a decrease of 15% in the glutamate level (P less than 0.05), whereas at 41 bar
      it decreased the level of glutamate by 17% (P less than 0.05) as well as that of
      glutamine by 19% (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that treatment with
      penicillin at high ambient pressure may increase the turnover of transmitter
      glutamate in the rat hippocampus and thus increase the excitability. These
      effects should be considered when high doses of penicillins are administered to
      man at high ambient pressure.

PMID- 3363755
TI  - Effects of transcutaneous scopolamine and depth on diver performance.
AB  - Transdermal scopolamine is an effective anti-motion-sickness medication that has
      less CNS side effects at normal ambient pressure than orally ingested agents. To
      see whether it has an effect on performance at depth, 24 healthy sport divers
      were exposed to depths equivalent to 5 m (1.5 ATA) and 36 m (4.8 ATA) in a dry
      recompression chamber, breathing air and wearing a skin patch containing either
      scopolamine or inactive placebo. Patches and dive depths were presented in a
      counterbalanced, double-blind experimental design. Tests of sentence
      comprehension, simple arithmetic, and manual dexterity were used to evaluate
      psychometric and cognitive performance. Drug side effects were recorded. The
      Bennett Hand Tool Dexterity Test was evaluated for its suitability for repeated
      measures testing, and found to be robust. Manual dexterity and sentence
      comprehension were significantly impaired at depth whereas arithmetic skills were
      not. No significant effects on diver performance from transdermal scopolamine
      were seen. Certain side effects such as blurred vision were more common with
      scopolamine than with placebo. The use of transdermal scopolamine as an
      antiemetic during diving operations deserves field evaluation.

PMID- 3363756
TI  - Air embolism may cause unrecognized ischemia of the gray-white junction.
AB  - The border between the gray and white matter is defined by an abrupt change in
      average blood flow. This difference allows one to distinguish structure with
      [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography. The angioarchitecture of the cortical gray
      white junction suggests that an air embolism might preferentially lodge in this
      border zone, and thus ischemia of the border might go unrecognized if one
      depended only on the difference in average blood flow to define the gray-white
      junction. Accordingly, a computerized image processing technique was applied to
      compare the area of the cortex measured on an autoradiogram to the area measured
      on a histologic section after staining for myelin. In dogs that had received air
      embolism, the autoradiogram underestimated the thickness of the cortical mantle
      even in sections that did not seem to have an obvious focal zone of low blood
      flow. This suggests that the deep cortical layers are especially vulnerable to
      air embolism.

PMID- 3363757
TI  - [Calycopyelocalycostomy].

PMID- 3363758
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in bilateral recurrent nephrolithiasis complicated by
      chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3363759
TI  - [Calculi in the horseshoe kidney].

PMID- 3363760
TI  - [Percutaneous puncture nephrostomy in children with obstructive lesions of the
      upper urinary tract].

PMID- 3363761
TI  - [Functional status of the ureterovesical anastomosis in developmental defects of
      the bladder in children].

PMID- 3363763
TI  - [Remote-control shockwave destruction of renal and ureteral calculi using the
      Dornier lithotriptor].

PMID- 3363762
TI  - [Variants of ectopy of ureteral orifices].

PMID- 3363764
TI  - [Functional status of the bladder in patients after closure of a vesicovaginal
      fistula].

PMID- 3363765
TI  - [Study of rheological properties of the blood during hemodialysis].

PMID- 3363766
TI  - [The role of changes in the lipid phase of cell membranes in the diagnosis of
      interstitial nephritis in children].

PMID- 3363767
TI  - [Our experience with extracorporeal lithotripsy in the treatment of
      nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 3363768
TI  - [Results and acceptance of corpus cavernosum autoinjection therapy in organic
      erectile dysfunction].
AB  - Ambulatory autoinjection therapy of the corpus cavernosum with a vasoactive drug
      combination for vasculogenic and neurogenic erectile dysfunction was performed in
      50 men from 10/85-6/87. Acceptance was excellent by all patients and their wives.
      Transitory hematomas appeared in 6/50 (12%) cases. Local infections, cavernitis
      or systemic side effects were not observed. In 3/50 (6%) patients prolonged
      erections occurred. Treatment included drainage of the intracavernous blood,
      manual decompression and if necessary additional application of 1 mg metaraminol
      under extreme caution. Only 1 (2%) patient developed a nodular tunica fibrosis at
      the injection site which disappeared spontaneously upon cessation of treatment
      within 4 weeks.

PMID- 3363769
TI  - [Long-term experiences with autoinjection therapy of papaverine in erectile
      dysfunction].
AB  - Long-term experience with intracavernous self-injection of papaverine in 36
      patients with erectile failure is reported. The average required dose of
      papaverine in 2037 documented injections was 31.5 mg. The rate of complications
      was low with a mean follow-up of 6.9 months. Prolonged erections occurred four
      times. Two patients reported the development of tolerance. In one man
      circumscribed induration of the tunica albuginea was observed, which disappeared
      spontaneously after change of the injection site. No infections of the corpora
      cavernosa, circulatory disturbances or signs of hepatotoxicity were observed.

PMID- 3363770
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis and practical treatment of patients].
AB  - The practical treatment of patients requires a reliable diagnosis and prognosis
      followed by therapy. Laboratory medicine is an essential scientific basis to
      rational treatment in each of these three phases. The significance, usefulness
      and extent of laboratory tests are largely dependent upon the disease spectrum.
      The possibilities and aims of laboratory medicine are: 1. Knowledge of and
      research into both the pathobiochemical and statistical connections between
      biochemical data and diseases leading to the selection of diagnostically reliable
      and relevant parameters. 2. Knowledge of the sensitivity, specificity and
      predictive values of relevant biochemical parameters and their application to the
      different clinical problems. 3. Evaluation of reliable analytical methods with
      details of their accuracy and precision. 4. Critical evaluation of pre-analytical
      factors. The translation of accurate laboratory data into clinically relevant
      information must always be coupled with a critical assessment of its diagnostic
      value, validity and range of error. An uncritical "consumption" of laboratory
      data is dangerous for both the patient and the clinician as is the suppression of
      these data when it does not fit the supposed diagnosis. Laboratory medicine is
      indispensible in proper patient care since it guarantees adequate medical action.
      The information that it delivers is binding and therefore offers help as well as
      protection.

PMID- 3363771
TI  - [Enuresis--causes, diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - 672 children aged between 4 and 16 years were treated for primary or secondary
      enuresis between 1980 and 1986. The group included more girls than boys. A
      systematic diagnostic investigation, consisting of a detailed medical history,
      physical examination, urinalysis and sonography of the kidneys and bladder, was
      carried out in all cases. This investigation was followed by urodynamic tests to
      detect any functional disorders of the lower urinary tract. Finally, a voiding
      cystogram, urethral calibration and urethrocystoscopy were conducted to screen
      for morphological changes. Three major groups of causes of enuresis were
      identified. Functional miction disorders were found in 312 (46.4%) children. In
      these cases there was an inability to voluntarily control the detrusor, detrusor
      sphincter dyssynergia and hyperactivity of the detrusor. 223 (33.2%) of the
      children had pathological anatomical changes of the urinary tract, such as
      malformations leading to vesicoureteral reflux, vesicular diverticula,
      duplication of the upper urinary tract, megaureter, urethral stenosis or urethral
      valves, with associated infection. Psychogenic disorders were diagnosed in 137
      (20.4%) cases. The first group received drug treatment and biofeedback training
      for reestablishment of conscious control over the vegetative functions of the
      lower urinary tract. The second group underwent surgery for correction of the
      pathological anatomical changes. The third group was referred for psychotherapy.

PMID- 3363772
TI  - [Diagnosis of enuresis--results of urodynamic studies].
AB  - The results of clinical evaluation of 71 patients with primary or secondary
      enuresis are presented. In 66 patients a complete urodynamic assessment was
      possible. 35 percent of these patients showed a normal urodynamic pattern, in 45
      percent detrusor hyperreflexia and in 18 percent a combination of detrusor
      hyperreflexia and a functional infravesical obstruction was demonstrated.

PMID- 3363773
TI  - [Inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder].
AB  - A case report presents a 30-year-old lady with a pseudotumor of the bladder as
      large as a fist. The tumor originated from an inflammation around the rest of a
      suture following appendectomy with a latency of 7 years.

PMID- 3363774
TI  - Experience with lyophilized human dura for treatment of Peyronie disease.
AB  - Peyronie disease was treated by excision of the plaque and patch grafting with
      lyophilized human dura in 17 patients. Results were satisfactory as far as
      correction of penile curvature was concerned, but the incidence of impotence and
      glans hypoesthesia was disappointing. Less complex operations such as the Nesbit
      procedure may be a better choice of treatment for the surgical management of
      Peyronie disease.

PMID- 3363775
TI  - Video transurethral resection using controlled continuous flow resectoscope.
AB  - A video camera, attached by direct-beam coupler to the controlled continuous flow
      (CCF) resectoscope, is used to aid in the performance of transurethral resection
      (TUR). A television monitor becomes the source for judgment in guiding the
      resectoscope loop. The surgeon stands during the TUR to watch the image from the
      resectoscope lens, as projected on the video monitor screen, to decide where to
      cut tissue and fulgurate blood vessels. Fifty cases of transurethral resection of
      prostate (TURP) performed by the video method with the CCF resectoscope are
      compared with 400 TURP cases performed by the conventional method of looking
      through the scope using the same instrument. Resulting data from the video method
      were statistically similar to that obtained from the conventional method. The
      video method was a safe and effective means of visualizing the surgical field
      during TURP.

PMID- 3363776
TI  - Lidocaine jelly push-back of ureteral stones.
AB  - Pushing ureteral stones into the renal pelvis significantly facilitates
      extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. The
      technique is simple and less hazardous than mechanically relocating the stone
      with a wire or a catheter. It requires retrograde injection of 2% lidocaine jelly
      into the ureter via an 8-10F catheter placed just distal to the stone. Of forty
      seven ureteral stones (24 upper, 19 mid, and 4 lower ureter), 44 were relocated
      successfully.

PMID- 3363777
TI  - Management of ectopic ureterocele.
AB  - We present our experience with 32 cases of ureterocele in children treated
      between 1972-1984. Five children with ureterocele in a single system underwent
      ureterocelectomy and ureteral reimplantation. Ten cases were managed by
      ureteropyeloanastomosis with ureterocelectomy and reimplantation with good
      results. Nine heminephrectomies and eight nephrectomies were done. The most
      common complication was ureterovesical stenosis in a "double barrel" reimplant.
      We were able to preserve renal parenchyma drained by a ureterocele in 15 cases.

PMID- 3363778
TI  - Periurethral granuloma: unusual complication of Teflon periurethral injection.
AB  - Granuloma formation is an unusual complication of Teflon paste injection. A case
      resulting from periurethral injection is reported.

PMID- 3363779
TI  - Tuberculous rectourethral fistula.
AB  - A rare case of tuberculous rectourethral fistula is reported. The fistula
      developed as a sequel of prostatic tuberculosis and was successfully repaired by
      the method of omental interposition.

PMID- 3363780
TI  - Optical dilator to obviate blind urethral dilatation prior to endoscopic
      resections.

PMID- 3363781
TI  - Simple continence-maintaining ileal valve.

PMID- 3363782
TI  - How to differentiate between ectopia and displacement in patient with crossed
      kidney.
AB  - A patient is described in whom a crossed kidney was found. There was doubt
      whether this was due to displacement or ectopia of the kidney. A review of
      literature on this subject gave no answer to our problem. Considering the
      embryologic development of crossed ectopic kidney and the mechanism of kidney
      displacement across the midline we found a simple method by which the diagnosis
      can be made.

PMID- 3363784
TI  - [New development on mortality in coronary disease? Are there hopeful
      approaches?].

PMID- 3363783
TI  - Acute urinary retention in herpes genitalis infection. Urodynamic evaluation.
AB  - Acute urinary retention in herpes genitalis infection is reported to be
      infrequent. We report 4 cases of acute urinary retention caused by neurologic
      complication of herpes infection. The urodynamic finding and follow-up results
      are presented.

PMID- 3363785
TI  - [Treatment with cardiac pacemakers. Current status].

PMID- 3363786
TI  - [Preoperative measurement of aortic valve diameter for improved prognosis after
      aortic valve replacement].

PMID- 3363787
TI  - Feline melanoma: a comparative study of ocular, oral, and dermal neoplasms.
AB  - Melanomas diagnosed in 29 cats over an 11 year period included 19 ocular (16
      intraocular, three palpebral), five oral, and five dermal melanomas. Intraocular
      melanomas involved the ciliary body and iris in 12; the whole eye was involved in
      four. The average age of cats with intraocular melanomas was 11 years; the female
      : male ratio was 9 : 7. Histologically, eight intraocular tumors were mixed, six
      were epithelioid, and two were spindle cell. Ten of 16 cats (62.5%) with
      intraocular melanomas were killed because of the tumor at a mean of 156 days;
      four are living with no evidence of disease (average, 255 days). The mean time of
      death in cats with palpebral melanoma was 409 days. Metastasis occurred in 63% of
      cats with intraocular melanoma and all cats with palpebral melanoma. Four cats
      with oral melanoma were killed at a mean of 61 days; all had metastasis. Of five
      cats with cutaneous melanoma, one was killed with metastasis at 90 days; three
      cats were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastasis greater than 365
      days after surgery. Results of this study indicate that in the cat, ocular
      melanomas are more common than oral and dermal melanomas, and ocular and oral
      melanomas are more malignant than dermal melanomas, with higher rates of
      mortality and metastasis.

PMID- 3363788
TI  - High mortality with severe dystrophic cardiac calcinosis in C3H/OUJ mice fed high
      fat purified diets.
AB  - Severe degenerative myocardial disease occurred in female C3H/OUJ mice fed
      purified diets for 36 weeks; the diet contained 5% or 20% fat as non-hydrogenated
      soybean oil. Deaths of lactating females of this group (17/35 high fat diet and
      7/35 low fat diet animals) were due to sudden cardiovascular collapse.
      Cardiomegaly with marked atrial and ventricular myocardial mineralization was
      seen at necropsy. Histologically, the random, myopathic foci were characterized
      by severe myocardial degeneration, mineralization, and fibrosis. Mural
      thrombosis, pulmonary arteriosclerosis, and mild myocardial inflammatory cell
      infiltrates were also present. Pathological changes were similar to those of
      dystrophic cardiac calcinosis, an incidental necropsy finding in certain mouse
      strains.

PMID- 3363789
TI  - Ruminant forestomach and abomasal mucormycosis under rumen acidosis.
AB  - Spores of Absidia corymbifera were inoculated orally into sheep with ruminal
      acidosis produced by feeding barley. Lesions, which developed in forestomachs of
      all four inoculated cases, included desquamation of superficial layers of the
      mucosae and focal necrosis from lamina propria to muscular layers. Granulomatous
      lesions were in the submucosa of three sheep. Lesions in the abomasum (two sheep)
      included focal necrosis, diffuse hemorrhages, and infiltration of neutrophils.
      All lesions were accompanied by mycotic proliferation. These results show that A.
      corymbifera can invade forestomach mucosae through degenerate epithelium
      resulting from ruminal acidosis.

PMID- 3363790
TI  - Experimental bovine respiratory tract disease with Haemophilus somnus.
AB  - Eight calves were inoculated into the bronchus with H. somnus. Thirteen calves
      were inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and 8 days later
      with H. somnus. All calves developed necrotizing, suppurative, lobular
      bronchopneumonia and pleuritis. Clinical signs of disease and pneumonic lesions
      were significantly more severe in calves that were sequentially inoculated with
      BRSV followed by H. somnus. Pneumonic lesions in the inoculated calves were
      similar to those described for naturally occurring H. somnus-associated
      respiratory tract disease. Control calves inoculated with BRSV alone or sham
      inoculated with medium did not develop clinical signs of respiratory tract
      disease. The BRSV-inoculated control calves developed minimal pneumonic lesions.

PMID- 3363791
TI  - Role of M cells and macrophages in the entrance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
      into domes of ileal Peyer's patches in calves.
AB  - Ligated ileal loops of calves were inoculated with live and heat-killed
      Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and were examined by light and electron
      microscopy. At 5 hours after inoculation, acid-fast bacilli were in subepithelial
      macrophages, but not in M cells covering domes. At 20 hours, more than 50 acid
      fast bacilli per cross section were in subepithelial macrophages in domes. Both
      living and heat-killed bacilli passed into domes. Addition of anti-M.
      paratuberculosis bovine serum to the inoculum enhanced entry of bacteria into
      domes. By electron microscopy, intact bacilli with electron-transparent zones
      (peribacillary spaces) were in the supranuclear cytoplasm of M cells at 20 hours.
      M cells also contained vacuoles, including electron-dense material interpreted as
      degraded bacilli. Subepithelial and intraepithelial macrophages contained bacilli
      and degraded bacterial material in phagosomes. These results suggest that calf
      ileal M cells take up bacilli, and that subepithelial and intraepithelial
      macrophages secondarily accept bacilli or bacterial debris which are expelled
      from M cells.

PMID- 3363793
TI  - Meningio-angiomatosis in a dog.

PMID- 3363792
TI  - Pathological and toxicological studies of calves fed a high concentration cotton
      seed meal diet.
AB  - Feeding a high concentration of cotton seed meal to young calves resulted in
      death with lesions compatible with gossypol toxicity. Calves were fed two
      different commercially prepared rations. Free gossypol concentrations in
      different lots of the 17% protein ration varied from 250 to 380 ppm, and the 13%
      protein ration varied from 40 to 240 ppm. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase elevation
      was the most consistent clinical pathological finding. The mean serum sorbitol
      dehydrogenase concentrations for moribund, hospitalized, and clinically healthy
      calves were 277, 34, and 45 units/liter. The mean for sorbitol dehydrogenase
      concentration for healthy calves not fed cotton seed meal was 18 units/liter.
      Gross lesions included severe effusion of a high protein content fluid into the
      body cavities of most calves, edema of the mesentery, and hepatomegaly. The most
      consistent histological lesion was severe centrilobular hepatic necrosis.
      Elevated levels of liver gossypol were demonstrated. The mean liver gossypol
      concentration for three calves was 41.7 micrograms/g on a wet weight basis.

PMID- 3363794
TI  - Fibroblasts of fawn-hooded rats.

PMID- 3363795
TI  - Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis in Nubian goats.

PMID- 3363796
TI  - Lipid keratopathy in the Watanabe (WHHL) rabbit.

PMID- 3363797
TI  - Leptomeric fibrils in the myocardial fibers of a foal.

PMID- 3363798
TI  - Pheochromocytomas in two raccoon dogs.

PMID- 3363799
TI  - Renal dysplasia in a standardbred colt.

PMID- 3363800
TI  - Primary aortic chondrosarcoma in a dog.

PMID- 3363801
TI  - The use of two mixtures of ketamine and xylazine to immobilise free ranging
      Bennetts wallabies.
AB  - Two mixtures of ketamine and xylazine were evaluated as immobilising agents for
      the capture of free ranging Bennetts wallabies (Protemnodon rufogrisea). The
      wallabies were given either a dose of 150 mg ketamine and 187.5 mg xylazine
      (mixture 1), or a dose of 160 mg ketamine and 80 mg xylazine (mixture 2) by
      intramuscular injection using a projectile syringe. The quality of induction and
      immobilisation was similar with both mixtures, although immobilisation occurred
      more rapidly and lasted longer with mixture 1. Respiration was not depressed and
      blood gas levels were not significantly changed from normal. Bradycardia was
      produced but no other arrhythmias were recorded. There was a slight fall in mean
      arterial pressure. Cloacal temperature was not altered to a significant degree.
      Recovery was good in the unstimulated animal and no side effects were observed.
      Mixture 1 was preferred owing to its more rapid immobilising effect.

PMID- 3363802
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in dogs and cats after oral, subcutaneous and
      intramuscular administration.
AB  - A three-way crossover study was carried out in 10 dogs and nine cats to establish
      the pharmacokinetic parameters of the semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic,
      cephalexin sodium, when administered orally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
      Ten dogs received a subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of 10 mg/kg
      bodyweight cephalexin or an oral dose of three 50 mg cephalexin tablets; the peak
      serum concentrations achieved were 24.9, 31.9 and 18.6 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, and the times taken to reach these peak levels were 1.2, 0.9 and
      1.8 hours. Nine cats received either a subcutaneous or intramuscular dose of 0.25
      ml cephalexin suspension (approximately 20 mg/kg bodyweight) or an oral dose of
      one 50 mg tablet; the peak serum concentrations achieved were 54.0, 61.8 and 18.7
      micrograms/ml for the subcutaneous, intramuscular and oral administrations
      respectively, with times to peak concentrations of 1.1, 0.7 and 2.6 hours.

PMID- 3363803
TI  - Aspects of farm animal welfare.

PMID- 3363804
TI  - Slaughter of poultry.

PMID- 3363805
TI  - Mycoplasma species F38.

PMID- 3363806
TI  - Slaughter methods compared.

PMID- 3363807
TI  - Treatment of pig mange.

PMID- 3363808
TI  - Farm animal ethology.

PMID- 3363809
TI  - Encephalomyelitis, reproductive failure and corneal opacity (blue eye) in pigs,
      associated with a paramyxovirus infection.
AB  - A new clinicopathological disorder associated with a paramyxovirus infection in
      pigs is described. Central nervous system manifestations and corneal opacity are
      the main features in piglets two to 21 days old. Older pigs seem to be more
      resistant and only corneal opacity is commonly observed. In pregnant sows the
      virus appears to be responsible for reproductive disturbances such as stillbirth,
      mummification and a return to oestrus. The changes are mainly microscopic and
      characterised by a non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, interstitial pneumonia and
      anterior uveitis with corneal oedema. Experimental infection of one-day-old
      piglets with the virus reproduced clinical signs similar to those described in
      naturally infected piglets. The virus was recovered from the tonsils, lung and
      brain of the experimentally infected piglets between the fourth and 20th day
      after infection.

PMID- 3363810
TI  - Licensing veterinary medicines.

PMID- 3363811
TI  - Immunity of ivermectin treated cattle to challenge from helminth parasites in the
      following season.
AB  - Two groups of yearling cattle which had been treated with ivermectin either three
      and eight, or three, eight and 13 weeks after turn out to trichostrongyle
      contaminated pasture in their first grazing season were exposed in the following
      season to natural challenge with helminth parasites. To assess their immunity to
      this challenge each group shared a pasture with parasite naive first season
      calves. No anthelmintic treatments were administered at any time during the year.
      Throughout the grazing period the yearlings showed normal respiratory rates,
      negative faecal lungworm larval counts, and, relative to the calves, low faecal
      trichostrongyle egg counts. All the first season calves developed patent lungworm
      infections and on one occasion the mean respiratory rates of each group of calves
      were significantly greater than those of the yearling cattle. At the end of the
      grazing period, from early May until late September or October 1986, the cattle
      were removed from pasture and together with parasite naive controls challenged
      with either 10 or 22 third stage larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus/kg bodyweight
      and necropsied between 18 and 23 days later. Although the experimental challenge
      resulted in relatively heavy lungworm infection of the naive controls, none of
      the yearlings and only three of the 11 calves which had been at pasture were
      found to be infected. However, large numbers of arrested fourth stage larvae of
      Ostertagia ostertagi were present in all the naturally infected yearlings and
      calves.

PMID- 3363812
TI  - Use of an intraruminal soluble glass bolus containing melatonin for early lamb
      production.
AB  - The use of melatonin to advance the onset of seasonal oestrus is potentially
      useful for early lamb production. A number of delivery systems for melatonin have
      been developed and this study evaluates an intraruminal soluble glass bolus under
      field conditions. Anoestrous, non-lactating mule and Dorset cross mule ewes were
      treated in late June with two types of bolus of different solubilities (melatonin
      1, 'slow release' and melatonin 2, 'extra slow release'). Rams were introduced in
      mid-August for a target lambing pattern in mid-January. The percentage
      pregnancy/lambing rates were 80/78, 97/92 and 100/100 in the control, melatonin 1
      and melatonin 2 groups, respectively. The number of lambs born per ewe put to the
      ram was significantly increased by treatment with melatonin 2 (P less than 0.05)
      from 1.17 to 1.64 in the mule ewes and 1.64 to 1.72 in the Dorset cross mule
      ewes. The melatonin containing soluble glass bolus is a novel and convenient
      method of reducing the number of barren ewes in an early lambing flock.

PMID- 3363813
TI  - Post mortem studies on infertile buffalo bulls: testicular histology.
AB  - Testicular tissues of 22 buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) which suffered from
      three types of infertility were examined histologically. Nine bulls with no
      sexual libido showed underdeveloped seminiferous tubules; five of them also had
      various forms of germinal tissue hypoplasia (bilaterally complete, partial or
      incomplete) and in the other four the seminiferous tubules showed developed
      layers of germinal epithelium but no complete spermiogenesis. Among 11 bulls
      which had always produced poor quality semen one suffered from incomplete
      bilateral testicular hypoplasia and two had simple testicular degeneration; five
      showed marked testicular degeneration associated with fibrosis of intertubular
      spaces, and in three there was intertubular fibrosis and tubular stasis. In two
      bulls in which the quality of semen had deteriorated one showed bilateral partial
      testicular hypoplasia and the other had bilateral testicular degeneration with
      unilateral intertubular fibrosis and tubular stasis.

PMID- 3363815
TI  - Observations on the pattern of nematode larval availability on pastures grazed by
      sheep in Surrey.

PMID- 3363814
TI  - Haematology of clinically normal and abnormal captive llamas and guanacoes.
AB  - Blood counts of healthy juvenile and adult llamas (Lama glama) and guanacoes (L
      guanacoe) showed that guanacoes have higher red cell counts, haemoglobin values
      and packed cell volumes than llamas. In both species, the numbers of lymphocytes
      and platelets were higher in juveniles than in adults. By reference to the values
      found in normal animals, abnormal haematological variations were detected in a
      number of sick individuals. Neutrophilia, hyperfibrinogenaemia and a tendency to
      develop regenerative hypochromic anaemia were observed in animals with acute and
      chronic inflammatory diseases and hypochromic macrocytic anaemia occurred in
      animals with parasitic infections. Many individuals in which subclinical
      intestinal parasitic infections were suspected had relatively high eosinophil
      counts although their other haematological values were normal.

PMID- 3363817
TI  - Casualty slaughter.

PMID- 3363816
TI  - Pulmonary zygomycosis in a bovine fetus.

PMID- 3363818
TI  - Tyzzer's disease in puppies.

PMID- 3363819
TI  - Canine epilepsy.

PMID- 3363820
TI  - Illegal dog fighting.

PMID- 3363821
TI  - When to spay.

PMID- 3363822
TI  - Bovine colostrum warning.

PMID- 3363823
TI  - New biochemistry tests.

PMID- 3363824
TI  - Changes in the pension scheme.

PMID- 3363825
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis in a hill sheep flock.
AB  - Keratoconjunctivitis affected many ewes on a large, experimental husbandry, hill
      farm in early and midwinter in two consecutive years. Small sporadic outbreaks
      occurred among ewes during the following winters and among ewes and lambs in the
      summer and autumn. Mycoplasma conjunctivae was isolated from conjunctival swabs
      taken from affected sheep. Keratoconjunctivitis had not been recognised on the
      farm before and the infection was probably introduced with purchased rams. Prompt
      treatment prevented blindness; a single application of aureomycin topical powder
      with an intramuscular injection of a long acting oxytetracycline was an effective
      clinical treatment. Prophylactic treatments with aureomycin powder did not
      prevent the spread of the disease. The outbreak appeared to have no effect on the
      weaning percentage and blackface and Cheviot ewes were equally susceptible.

PMID- 3363826
TI  - Prophylactic use of long-acting tetracycline against tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes
      phagocytophila) in sheep.

PMID- 3363827
TI  - Antibiotic testing of individual cow's milk.

PMID- 3363828
TI  - Intestinal torsions of swine under anaesthesia.

PMID- 3363829
TI  - Drug legislation and exports.

PMID- 3363830
TI  - Runting and stunting syndrome in turkeys.

PMID- 3363831
TI  - Malachite green therapy of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout: field
      trials.
AB  - The results of a series of experiments to investigate the use of the arylmethane
      dye, malachite green, for the control of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow
      trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) are described. Under field conditions using
      the bath application method the dye gave good control of the disease with
      treatments at 1.6 ppm for 40 minutes repeated at seven, 14 and 21 day intervals.
      Flush treatments were also successful using the same treatment intervals and
      beginning with 3.2 ppm malachite green. The problems of toxicity and of
      standardising the exposure of the fish to the dye with flush treatments are
      discussed.

PMID- 3363832
TI  - The mucolytic effect of Sputolosin in horses with respiratory disease.
AB  - The effect of the mucolytic drug Sputolosin on the clinical signs of respiratory
      disease among 28 matched pairs of horses was examined. Compared with the
      untreated group, the treated group showed a significant decrease in the frequency
      of coughing and a decreased time to resolution of both cough and nasal discharge.
      The results indicate that the drug is potentially useful in the management of
      respiratory disease characterised by an abnormal or increased production of
      mucus.

PMID- 3363833
TI  - Blood biochemical reference values for farmed red deer.
AB  - The activities and concentrations of 30 whole blood and plasma constituents
      including enzymes, substrates, electrolytes and vitamins were determined in
      samples from 91 clinically healthy farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds ranging
      in age from one to 15 years. The hinds were randomly selected from a herd
      maintained on a mixture of reseeded and permanent hill pasture at an experimental
      research station in north east Scotland. The results were analysed statistically
      and the calculated means, standard errors and tolerance intervals provide a basis
      for diagnostic clinical chemistry in red deer. The data are compared with data
      from earlier reports on blood biochemistry in deer and other livestock species.

PMID- 3363834
TI  - Treatment of cattle, sheep and horses with lincomycin: case studies.
AB  - In large animal practice, clinical cases involving deep-seated infections
      affecting bones, joints, meninges and the larynx are particularly difficult to
      treat. The antibiotic lincomycin has the ability to penetrate tissue of poor
      vascularity and is also effective in the presence of pus. Eleven cattle, six
      sheep and three horses were treated with the drug at various doses and in 75 per
      cent of the cases there was a positive response.

PMID- 3363835
TI  - Strongyloides in British greyhounds.

PMID- 3363836
TI  - Digital amputation as a treatment of septic pedal arthritis in sheep: study of 20
      field cases.

PMID- 3363837
TI  - Aujeszky's disease: new vaccines and diagnostics.

PMID- 3363839
TI  - Statistics and such.

PMID- 3363838
TI  - Intratracheal treatment.

PMID- 3363840
TI  - Canine epilepsy.

PMID- 3363841
TI  - Ostertagiasis. Proceedings of a workshop. College Park, MD, 3-5 December 1986.

PMID- 3363842
TI  - Preliminary report: immunodiagnosis of pre-type II ostertagiasis.
AB  - Ostertagia ostertagi soluble antigens were prepared by gel electrophoresis and
      electrophoretic transfer onto nitrocellulose for enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assays with serum probes. Serologic responses to L3-derived antigen of
      approximately 32 kDa may be unique and diagnostic for cattle harboring inhibited
      larvae, or pre-Type II ostertagiasis. Specificity was evaluated by comparing sera
      from pre-Type II cattle to sera from Type I, uninfected, Fascioloides magna
      infected, Fasciola hepatica infected or Cooperia oncophora infected cattle.

PMID- 3363843
TI  - Sequential histopathologic changes of type I, pre-type II and type II
      ostertagiasis in cattle.
AB  - Yearling cattle in Louisiana were examined at monthly intervals for abomasal
      nematode burdens and histological lesions over a year. Tracer calves were grazed
      for 3 to 4 weeks and removed from pasture for 2 to 3 weeks, then slaughtered; a
      few animals were killed in extremis shortly after removal from pasture.
      Histological changes were correlated with worm burdens and characterized
      according to the type of Ostertagia ostertagi infection present. In cattle with
      acute Type I ostertagiasis, changes varied from eosinophil infiltration to
      glandular dilation and slight mucous cell hyperplasia with submucosal edema.
      During the summer months the cattle had worm burdens that were primarily early
      4th stage larvae (EL4), with changes characterized by minimal glandular dilation
      and mucous cell metaplasia and moderate lymphoid cell proliferation and with
      intramucosal migration of EL4. In the autumn, the maturation of EL4 produced the
      Type II syndrome with severe glandular changes, prominent mucosal hyperplasia and
      marked lymphoid cell accumulation. With increased duration of the pre-Type II
      interval, there was greater development of the subepithelial lymphoid tissue and
      increased frequency of epithelial globule leukocytes. The lymphoproliferation
      which occurred during the prolonged pre-Type II interval appeared to be related
      to the increased severity and mortality seen with the Type II ostertagiasis
      syndrome.

PMID- 3363844
TI  - Economics of deworming beef cattle.
AB  - From the practitioner level and for the producer, there is far too much confusion
      concerning internal parasites in cattle and the justification of control
      measures. By coordinating research efforts between parasitologists and other
      scientists, awareness of internal parasites will be raised and the total impact
      of parasitism can better be evaluated.

PMID- 3363845
TI  - Experimental infections of Ostertagia ostertagi in goats.
AB  - In order to determine the usefulness of the goat as a model host for Ostertagia
      ostertagi, a series of experiments was conducted in which young goats and calves
      were experimentally infected with L3 of calf-source and goat-source isolates. The
      goat-source isolate was derived from a continuous passage of the bovine parasite
      in goats. Patent infections resulted in 73 out of 86 inoculated goats (85%). The
      largest number of patent infections was observed when inoculation consisted of a
      single dose of goat-source larvae. Percentage establishment of infection was
      generally low in goats inoculated with either larval source. Time taken to
      achieve patency in goats was frequently within the range normal for cattle
      infections, but was often extended (21-67 days). With the exception of the
      generally higher level of establishment of goat- or calf-source isolates in
      calves and the low frequency of the vulval flap in adult female worms established
      in goats, little difference was observed in percentage establishment or worm
      population characteristics of the two isolates in goats.

PMID- 3363846
TI  - [Angiographic signs of acute coronary thrombosis in patients with myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 3363847
TI  - [Left ventriculography: choice of an optimal method of analyzing segmental
      myocardial contractility in patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3363848
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of x-ray and other methods of diagnosing pericarditis in
      patients with malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 3363849
TI  - [X-ray semeiotics of the right ovarian vein syndrome].

PMID- 3363850
TI  - [Phlebography in the diagnosis of varicosities of the spermatic cord veins].

PMID- 3363852
TI  - [Method of quantitative analysis of intravenous urography data in the diagnosis
      of chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 3363851
TI  - [Complex x-ray study of patients with postinfarct cardiosclerosis].

PMID- 3363853
TI  - [X-ray criteria for evaluating the stages of hydronephrosis in children].

PMID- 3363854
TI  - [Magnetic resonance tomographic imaging of the orbit and its contents in the
      normal state].

PMID- 3363855
TI  - [Development of a system for controlling the quality of the x-ray diagnosis
      process].

PMID- 3363856
TI  - [Case of x-ray-guided endovascular occlusion of a congenital arteriovenous
      anastomosis of the kidney].

PMID- 3363857
TI  - [A case of alcoholic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 3363858
TI  - [Experience with the retrograde catheterization of the left atrium in patients
      with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3363859
TI  - [Associated defects in the developmental anomalies of the colon].

PMID- 3363860
TI  - [Improvement in the electroradiographic imaging of small objects].

PMID- 3363861
TI  - Characterization of the double-stranded RNA implicated in the inhibition of
      protein synthesis in cells infected with a mutant adenovirus defective for VA
      RNA.
AB  - In the absence of VA RNAI, protein synthesis in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells
      fails at late times of infection because of defective initiation. The defect is
      due to the activation of a protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha-subunit
      of initiation factor eIF-2. The kinase responsible for the translational defect
      is DAI, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated inhibitor of protein synthesis,
      which is present in uninfected HeLa cells at a basal level and in a largely
      inactive, latent state. In vitro it can be activated by incubation with ATP and
      low concentration of dsRNA. Previous studies suggested that RNA generated during
      the course of infection can activate DAI. We show here that the activator RNA has
      the properties of dsRNA: it chromatographs with dsRNA, can be denatured and
      reannealed, and is destroyed by a dsRNA-specific nuclease. At least some of the
      dsRNA is viral. It hybridizes to DNA sequences in the center of the viral genome,
      principally between map units 47 and 51 and 73 and 76, consistent with an origin
      in the symmetrical transcription of both viral DNA strands.

PMID- 3363862
TI  - Molecular cloning and sequencing of the gene (M2) encoding the major virion
      structural protein (mu 1-mu 1C) of serotypes 1 and 3 of mammalian reovirus.
AB  - Full-length c-DNA copies of the M2 gene from the Lang strain of type 1 and the
      Dearing strain of type 3 reovirus have been cloned in the Escherichia coli
      plasmid pAT153. DNA sequencing of these clones showed that the type 3 gene was
      2207 nucleotides long and the single long open reading frame encoded a primary
      translation product (mu 1) of 709 amino acids with a molecular weight of 76,000.
      The type 1 gene was three nucleotides shorter at 2204 with the deletions
      occurring near the center of the coding sequence so that the primary translation
      product of this gene was one amino acid shorter at 708. Sequence homology between
      the two genes had an overall value of 85%, rising to 95% when only the noncoding
      sequences were compared. The 334 nucleotide changes between the two genes were
      distributed throughout the sequence with no apparent areas of concentration.
      Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences showed that there were 24
      differences between the two giving a homology of 96.6% at the protein level. The
      amino acid changes of which only 9 were nonconservative were again spread fairly
      evenly throughout the coding sequence although there was one small patch of 5
      changes in a stretch of 10 amino acids near the carboxyl terminus. The post
      translational cleavage to convert mu 1 to the major virion protein mu 1C is
      revealed as involving the removal of 42 amino acids exclusively from the amino
      terminus of mu 1. Simple addition of trypsin-sensitive cleavage sites or
      predicted secondary structure failed to show the cause of the large difference
      known to exist in the protease sensitivities of virions carrying these two
      proteins.

PMID- 3363863
TI  - Properties of the Chlorella receptor for the virus PBCV-1.
AB  - The virus PBCV-1 attached rapidly, specifically, and irreversibly to the external
      surface of cell walls of its host, a unicellular, eukaryotic Chlorella-like green
      alga. Attachment was pH and salt dependent. Each cell contained at least 5 X
      10(4) PBCV-1 binding sites and Scatchard analysis indicated that each cell could
      adsorb 5000 PBCV-1 particles. The PBCV-1 receptor was unaffected by extraction
      with organic solvents, detergents, high salts, or treatment with several
      proteases as well as the polysaccharide degrading enzymes, cellulase and
      pectinase. In contrast, acid and alkali treatments of walls at high temperatures
      and treatment with an enzyme preparation from PBCV-1 lysates destroyed the virus
      receptor. We suspect that the receptor is a carbohydrate.

PMID- 3363864
TI  - Cell proliferative response to vaccinia virus is mediated by VGF.
AB  - VGF, a polypeptide encoded by vaccinia virus, shares amino acid sequence homology
      and functional properties with cellular growth factors EGF and TGF-alpha. The
      availability of a VGF minus (VGF-) virus mutant has enabled us to examine the
      role of VGF in the replication of virus in vitro and in vivo. Studies in vitro
      with A431 cells (high EGF receptor density) showed that VGF+ wild-type virus
      induced the rapid formation of a focus of infection (not a plaque) which could be
      blocked by a monoclonal antibody to the EGF receptor. In vivo experiments with
      chicken embryos indicated that VGF+ virus stimulated the growth of ectodermal and
      entodermal cells of the chorioallantoic membrane. At early times, the majority of
      proliferating cells contained no detectable virus antigen, indicating that cell
      growth preceded infection and was a consequence of VGF secretion. Relative to VGF
      virus, VGF+ virus produced lesions which contained more proliferating cells,
      more virus antigen, and increased amounts of infectious progeny. Secretion of VGF
      thus explains the conundrum of a nontransforming, strongly cytopathic virus
      inducing a hyperplastic cell response.

PMID- 3363865
TI  - Generation of defective-interfering particles by rubella virus in Vero cells.
AB  - The generation of defective-interfering (DI) particles by rubella virus during
      serial undiluted passage and persistent infection in Vero cells was studied. A
      series of 24 serial undiluted passages was initiated with plaque-purified virus.
      The virus titer remained relatively constant through the first nine passages,
      after which it declined, reaching a low level of 20-fold less than the
      originating stock by passage 15. In subsequent passages, the titer cycled.
      Intracellular DI RNAs were first detectable at passage 4, at which time DI RNAs
      of 7500 and 1400 nucleotides in length were observable. Thus, the rate of which
      DI RNAs were generated by rubella virus during serial undiluted passage was
      similar to the rate of DI generation by other enveloped RNA viruses during serial
      undiluted passage. The longer rubella DI RNA was present in all passages
      subsequent to passage 4, while the 1400-nucleotide DI RNA was replaced by a DI
      RNA of 800 nucleotides in length by passage 15. Subsequent to passage 7, the
      relative amount of genomic RNA declined dramatically and the DI RNAs became the
      predominant intracellular virus-specific RNA species. Negative-polarity RNA
      species corresponding to the 7500- and 800-nucleotide DI RNA species were
      identified. The 7500- and 1400-nucleotide DI RNA species were encapsidated into
      virus particles while the presence of the 800-nucleotide DI RNA species in virus
      particles could not be detected. Interestingly, the rubella virus subgenomic RNA
      was present in virus particles in preparations containing DI RNAs. A persistent
      infection was initiated by subculturing the surviving cells from a high
      multiplicity of infection with plaque-purified virus. Intracellular DI RNAs were
      first detectable at Day 19 after initiation of persistence and became significant
      by Day 26. The amount of genomic RNA began to decrease at Day 47 and was
      undetectable after Day 68. Through Day 54, there were several DI RNA species
      present, but at later times, one of these species became predominant. Thus, DI
      particles were generated during persistent infection, but their presence was not
      necessary for initiation of persistence.

PMID- 3363866
TI  - The P protein and the nonstructural 38K and 29K proteins of Newcastle disease
      virus are derived from the same open reading frame.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA copies of the mRNA encoding the Newcastle
      disease virus (NDV), strain AV, phosphoprotein (P) was determined. The sequence
      of 1443 nucleotides contains one long open reading frame which could encode a
      protein with a molecular weight of 42,126, and two smaller open reading frames
      which could encode proteins with molecular weights of 11,178 and 13,935. Full
      length cDNA clones were constructed in an SP6 vector, mRNA was transcribed in a
      cell-free system using the SP6 polymerase, and the mRNA was translated in a wheat
      germ cell-free extract. The P mRNA directed the synthesis of, primarily, four
      products. One, with a molecular weight of 53,000 Da, comigrated with authentic P
      protein made in infected cells and was precipitable with antisera with
      specificity for the NDV P protein. The other products of the cell-free reaction
      had molecular weights of 38,000, 29,000 and 12,000. The 29,000- and the 38,000-Da
      polypeptides were also precipitable with anti-P protein antibody. Using truncated
      cDNA clones, evidence is presented that the 38,000- and 29,000-Da proteins are
      derived from initiation at AUG triplets in the same reading frame as the P
      protein. Infected cells also contain these polypeptides which may be analogous to
      C proteins of other paramyxoviruses. Thus the NDV P protein mRNA is different
      than most other paramyxovirus P protein mRNAs which are translated in two
      different reading frames to yield the P and C proteins.

PMID- 3363867
TI  - Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the adenovirus
      core proteins.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been prepared that recognize adenovirus core proteins
      V, VII, and mu in ELISA and Western blot assays. Antibodies produced by all of 87
      positive hybridoma colonies obtained from a mouse injected with the precursor to
      protein VII, pVII, produced antibodies that also reacted with purified protein
      VII in an ELISA assay and all tested recognized denatured protein VII immobilized
      on nitrocellulose. Such failure to recover antibodies that specifically
      recognized only protein pVII suggests that epitopes common to the 174 amino acid
      protein VII and its 197 amino acid precursor were more effective antigenic
      determinants than the N-terminal 23 amino acid segment unique to pVII. All
      antibodies raised against protein mu cross-reacted with protein VII in both
      assays, but only a small fraction of the anti-protein VII or pVII antibodies
      recognized protein mu. Such cross-reactivity is discussed in relation to an
      unusual, arginine-rich sequence present in both protein VII and protein mu.

PMID- 3363868
TI  - Effect of inhibitors of the host cell RNA polymerase II on African swine fever
      virus multiplication.
AB  - The role of the host cell RNA polymerase II in African swine fever (ASF) virus
      growth has been examined using inhibitors of this enzyme. The adenosine analog
      5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), an inhibitor of mRNA
      precursor synthesis in mammalian cells, strongly inhibits the production of
      infectious progeny virus in Vero cells, but does not significantly affect the
      synthesis of virus-specific macromolecules. On the other hand, virion assembly
      seems to proceed normally in the presence of DRB, as virus particles can be seen
      in electron micrographs with a morphology indistinguishable from that observed in
      the absence of the inhibitor. However, taking into account the inhibition of the
      infectivity caused by the drug, most of these particles must be defective. In
      contrast with this effect of DRB on ASF virus replication, the toxin alpha
      amanitin does not inhibit the production of infectious ASF virus in Vero cells or
      porcine alveolar macrophages. This result indicates that the host RNA polymerase
      II does not transcribe viral genes and that active transcription of the cell
      genome is not needed for ASF virus replication.

PMID- 3363869
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of Newcastle disease virus altered in HN
      glycoprotein size, stability, or antigenic maturity.
AB  - It has been suggested that the 11 group B, C, and BC temperature-sensitive (ts)
      mutants of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), strain Australia-Victoria (AV-WT), have
      lesions in the gene for the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase glycoprotein (HN), and
      that complementation between groups B and C is intracistronic. Virions produced
      by these mutants even at permissive temperature contain greatly reduced amounts
      of HN, and the accompanying hemagglutinating and neuraminidase functions. To
      explore the basis for decreased HN incorporation into virions and the temperature
      sensitivity of these mutants, infected chick embryo cells were examined for
      changes in HN characteristics. The HN of two of the mutants was clearly altered
      in electrophoretic migration rates in both virions and infected cells. The
      migrational differences were not due to differences in glycosylation because
      altered migration rates were also observed in the presence of tunicamycin. In all
      cases, cells infected by these mutants produced as much HN as did AV-WT-infected
      cells, but the HN of six of these mutants was metabolically unstable. All of the
      mutants, including those with metabolically stable HN, exhibited greatly
      restricted ability to convert HN to an antigenically reactive form, indicating an
      early block in processing. For most of these mutants, the neuraminidase
      activities of infected cells were somewhat temperature sensitive, but the
      production of hemadsorbing activities on cell surfaces was not temperature
      sensitive. In contrast, the hemadsorbing and neuraminidase activities of cells
      infected by one mutant, BC2, were temperature sensitive, probably a reflection of
      the previously described extreme thermolability of the HN of this mutant. The
      relationship between these mutant characteristics, their temperature sensitivity
      and the virion phenotypes, is discussed. The data presented here confirm the
      assignment of these 11 group B, C, and BC mutants to defects in HN and begin to
      separate them into groups with different characteristics.

PMID- 3363870
TI  - The structure of three bacteriophage T4 genes required for tail-tube assembly.
AB  - Three different protein molecules copurify with T4 tail tubes after the tubes are
      released from the baseplate by guanidine hydrochloride treatment. These tube
      associated proteins (TAPs) are the products of genes 29, 48, and 54. To further
      investigate the structural roles that these proteins may play in T4 tail assembly
      we have cloned and sequenced the genes coding for these proteins and have deduced
      their predicted amino acid sequences. The sequence data reveal a region of amino
      acid sequence similarity between gp54 and the T4 tail-tube structural protein,
      gp19. We believe that this region of similarity is significant and consistent
      with the role gp54 may play in initiating T4 tail-tube polymerization.

PMID- 3363871
TI  - Binding of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus to cowpea protoplasts and relation of
      binding to virus entry and infection.
AB  - Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and cowpea protoplasts were used to study
      initial interactions between virus and protoplast. Protoplasts and virus were
      incubated under varying conditions of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the
      presence of added compounds. Both the amount of 35S-labeled virus bound to
      protoplasts and the percentage of infected cells were determined. At 0 and 25
      degrees the amount of virus associated with protoplasts increased with the amount
      of virus added. With inoculum of 25 x 10(6) virus particles per protoplast, 4 x
      10(3) and 14 x 10(3) particles per protoplast were bound at 0 and 25 degrees,
      respectively. In the presence of polyethylene glycol, 85 x 10(3) associated
      particles per protoplast were bound at both temperatures and ca. 50% of the
      protoplasts became infected. No infection occurred in the absence of PEG.
      Variation of pH or ionic strength in the absence of PEG caused little to no
      change in binding and no infection. In the presence of PEG, increase of pH
      resulted in lower binding, but infectivity was not affected. Increasing ionic
      strength, however, increased both binding and infectivity. The presence of
      unlabeled CCMV, tobacco mosaic virus coat protein, bovine serum albumin, and
      polycations during inoculation in the absence of PEG decreased the amount of
      bound CCMV. In contrast, CCMV coat protein, which has a positively charged N
      terminal arm, increased binding. In the presence of PEG the effects were similar,
      although larger amounts of virus were bound. The percentage of infection was
      reduced by all additives to 5-25%. Addition of ammonium chloride, which inhibits
      endocytotic virus uptake in animal cells, during inoculation as well as in
      culture media, did not reduce infectivity. These data do not support a specific
      receptor-mediated endocytotic uptake of virus but favor a nonspecific mechanism
      of entry, possibly through membrane lesions. Observations in the electron
      microscope support the latter mechanism.

PMID- 3363872
TI  - [Ethics and clinical medicine].

PMID- 3363873
TI  - [Determination of cardiac output with pulsed Doppler echocardiography].

PMID- 3363874
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease and risk factors in patients with gout].

PMID- 3363875
TI  - [The common heart ventricle in adulthood].

PMID- 3363876
TI  - [Death after undirected liver biopsy].

PMID- 3363877
TI  - [Diagnosis of the pre-hyperglycemic period in type I diabetes].

PMID- 3363878
TI  - [A landmark--the high quality of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive
      activities].

PMID- 3363879
TI  - [Use of the personal microcomputer in the hospital].

PMID- 3363880
TI  - [Means of improving methodological work in the internship of medical personnel].

PMID- 3363881
TI  - [Tasks of the medical service of the Armed Forces in light of requirements of the
      Party and Government for perestroika in public health and the directions of the
      USSR Minister of Defense].

PMID- 3363882
TI  - [A current problem (the question of the making of the troop physician)].

PMID- 3363883
TI  - [Organization of dispensary care for patients with a history of severe trauma].

PMID- 3363884
TI  - [Clinico-morphological changes in the internal organs in blast injury due to
      mines].

PMID- 3363885
TI  - [Fistulae of the small intestine after gunshot wounds of the abdomen].

PMID- 3363886
TI  - [Causes of fatal outcomes following relaparotomy in abdominal injuries].

PMID- 3363887
TI  - [Central hemodynamic function of patients with peritonitis undergoing intra
      aortic infusion therapy].

PMID- 3363888
TI  - [Treatment of the acute complications of gastroduodenal ulcers in young people].

PMID- 3363889
TI  - [Use of thymalin in preventing respiratory infections].

PMID- 3363890
TI  - [Physiological reserves of the body].

PMID- 3363891
TI  - [Assessment of operator work capacity by using the statistical characteristics of
      a simple visual-motor reaction].

PMID- 3363892
TI  - [Importance of x-ray studies of the spine in aviation medicine expertise].

PMID- 3363893
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical picture and surgical treatment of perforated
      duodenal ulcer in young persons].

PMID- 3363894
TI  - [Experience with the use of vagotomy in complicated duodenal ulcers in young
      people].

PMID- 3363895
TI  - [Laparostomy in the combined treatment of postoperative peritonitis].

PMID- 3363896
TI  - [Foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3363897
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation of surgical patients after hospital treatment].

PMID- 3363898
TI  - [Social consequences of alcoholism].

PMID- 3363899
TI  - [A pulsimeter].

PMID- 3363900
TI  - [Compression knee arthrodesis tightened with S-6.5 screws].

PMID- 3363901
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of injuries of the knee menisci].

PMID- 3363902
TI  - [Selection of the surgical method in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma].

PMID- 3363903
TI  - [The significance and diagnosis of Q-fever].

PMID- 3363904
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of the blink reflex in patients with multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 3363905
TI  - [Biochemical conversion of blood groups].

PMID- 3363906
TI  - [Surgical treatment of giant echinococcal cysts of the liver].

PMID- 3363907
TI  - [Changes in the metabolism of serotonin in the brain of rats caused by severe
      thermal injury: the effect of nalorphine].

PMID- 3363908
TI  - [Effect of pectin on indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients
      with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The influence of the diet containing 10 g of citrus pectin, made by "Copenhagen
      Pectin-Fabric", on some parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was
      studied in 33 coronary heart disease male patients, aged from 29 to 40 years, who
      had survived documented myocardial infarction. The results of the investigation
      have evidenced that increased pectin content in the diet promotes the reduction
      of the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum, the rise of
      tolerance to carbohydrates and produces no appreciable effect on the lithogenic
      potential of bile in the coronary patients.

PMID- 3363909
TI  - [Late complications in patients having undergone a gastric resection].
AB  - A total of 37 patients who had undergone partial gastrectomy for duodenal or
      gastric ulcers, were investigated. The postoperative periods ranged from 5 to 28
      years. All the patients were subjected to comprehensive clinical and neurologic
      examinations. The content of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the blood serum was
      studied by radioimmunoassay in 29 gastrectomized patients, hematological
      parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, red blood cell morphology, proteinogram) were
      estimated in 19 patients. The mean content of vitamin B12 in the blood serum of
      patients was lower than in normal subjects. The mean level of folic acid in the
      blood of patients was also lower than in the control, however, this difference
      was insignificant. Nine patients had subnormal content of vitamin B12, eight of
      them showed manifest neurologic complications, such as myelopathy and
      polyneuropathy. Only 3 patients had subnormal content of folic acid in the blood
      serum. Weakly pronounced anemic syndrome was detected only in 2 out of 19
      patients. The role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the development of neurologic
      symptoms has been considered.

PMID- 3363910
TI  - [Effect of diet therapy on the course of chronic enteritis based on immediate and
      late results of dispensary observation].
AB  - The therapeutic effect of diets was studied in chronic enteritis patients during
      5 years of dispensary follow-up. A scheme has been proposed for dietotherapy of
      patients under conditions of a long-term dispensary follow-up, after a course of
      inpatient treatment. The results obtained have proved the effectiveness of the
      diets used, their corrective action both on the clinical state of the patients,
      and on disorders in the digestive organs and metabolism.

PMID- 3363911
TI  - [Phosphorus-calcium metabolism and dietetic correction of its disorders in
      chronic kidney diseases in children].
AB  - Ninety children with varying renal diseases were under observation. The
      investigations conducted have shown that disorders in phosphoric-calcium
      metabolism depend on the type, activity of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and
      etiology of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Significant disorders in
      phosphoric-calcium metabolism were detected in patients with nephrotic and mixed
      types of CGN. Most manifest clinical and x-ray changes of the osseous system were
      observed in patients with CRI that developed as a result of the
      tubulointerstitial pathologic process. Low-phosphate diets with preset amounts of
      Ca and P were developed, composed of products with relatively low content of P,
      and of new dietetic products rich in Ca. The diets were used for correction of
      hyperphosphatemia in children with CGN and in those with CRI, simultaneously with
      drug therapy, to prevent or diminish disorders in phosphoric-calcium metabolism,
      and to reduce the risk of invalidism among children with chronic renal diseases.

PMID- 3363912
TI  - [Effect of diets corrected for protein, fat and vitamin content on indices of the
      protective strength of the body in young people during exams].
AB  - The investigations conducted in 105 students of a naval school have shown that,
      in the presence of insufficiently balanced routine nutrition of the students, the
      emotional stress induced by examinations involved negative shifts in the
      parameters of immune responsiveness and in the nonspecific factors of immunologic
      defense. Correction of the rations with olive oil and "Undevit" stimulated, to a
      greater extent than enrichment with sunflower oil, the humoral specific (B
      lymphocytes and immunoglobulins) and nonspecific (lysozyme) immunity in the
      students investigated during examinations. Addition of sunflower oil to the
      ration influenced mainly the cellular immunity (T-lymphocytes). Providing with
      general balanced ration, improved due to increased content of milk protein, most
      favourably influenced the parameters of immune responsiveness and nonspecific
      defense factors.

PMID- 3363913
TI  - [Modulation of the humoral immune response in rats by antibodies from the
      maternal milk].
AB  - The influence of specific antibodies of mother's milk on the parameters of
      humoral immune response and the degree of sensitization to ovalbumin in the
      progeny was studied in experiments on non-suckling rats. On the second postnatal
      day lactating rats were immunized subcutaneously with ovalbumin in a dose of 200
      micrograms with aluminium hydroxide (10 mg) as adjuvant. On day 22 after birth
      the young rats which were fed by immunized (test) or intact (control) mothers,
      received intraperitoneal injections of 100 micrograms ovalbumin. After 8 days the
      humoral immune response in the young rats was estimated by the number of antibody
      forming cells in the spleen, by the count of rosette-forming cells and by the
      humoral antibody titer. The sensitization degree was evaluated by the titers of
      reagin antibodies in the passive skin anaphylactic reaction. The number of
      antibody-forming cells in the spleen of young rats in the test group was 20 times
      lower as compared to those in the control group. In the test group the humoral
      antibody titers were suppressed and the sensitization degree was decreased. It
      has been concluded that the mother's milk antibodies induce immunosuppressive
      effect on the parameters of the humoral immune response of the progeny and on the
      degree of their sensitization.

PMID- 3363914
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of the lipids of whitefish].
AB  - The fatty-acid composition of lipids was studied in the muscular tissue and
      internal organs of whitefish living in Siberian rivers, that had been moved to
      lakes where it had not lived before. Changes in the lipid composition were
      recorded in mature fish moved into the lakes and in this year's brood. It was
      found that lipids of mature fish were resistant to oxidizing damage.

PMID- 3363915
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of basic lipids and fatty acids in moose and cow's
      milk].
AB  - The results of the study of basic lipid fractions and fatty acids in the moose
      and cow milk have evidenced similarity of lipid components of these two kinds of
      milk. At the same time each fraction of neutral lipids and phospholipids in moose
      and cow milk studied has its own specificity. The composition of most
      phospholipid fractions in moose milk is more enriched than that of the
      corresponding fractions in cow milk, with respect to a number of parameters of
      fatty acids, in particular, essential fatty acids. A conclusion has been made on
      the full value of lipid and fatty-acid composition of moose milk.

PMID- 3363916
TI  - [Safety evaluation of the new food-film formulation GLES].

PMID- 3363917
TI  - [Analysis of the work of a department of nutritional hygiene in preventing food
      poisoning].

PMID- 3363918
TI  - [Computational program for microcomputers].

PMID- 3363919
TI  - [Spread of chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs among the rural population
      as a function of occupation].

PMID- 3363920
TI  - [Vitamin D poisoning resembling an epidemic].

PMID- 3363921
TI  - [Mefenamic acid in the treatment of acute pneumonia in influenza and acute
      respiratory diseases].

PMID- 3363922
TI  - [Clinical significance of thermography in erysipelas].

PMID- 3363923
TI  - [Specific hyposensitization of patients with the atopic form of bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 3363924
TI  - [Complex treatment of erysipelas with methyluracil and dimexide electrophoresis].

PMID- 3363926
TI  - [Disease prevention under polyclinic conditions].

PMID- 3363925
TI  - [Use of the cartographic method in the solution of practical public health
      tasks].

PMID- 3363927
TI  - [A new source of mineral water].

PMID- 3363928
TI  - [Functional characteristics of neutrophils of patients with different forms of
      bronchial asthma and pollinosis].

PMID- 3363929
TI  - [Treatment of patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis with
      concomitant ulcer disease].

PMID- 3363930
TI  - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of bleeding gastric and duodenal
      ulcers].

PMID- 3363931
TI  - [Reaction of the oxygen transport and kallikrein-kinin systems of the body to
      changes in the geomagnetic field in patients with inflammatory lung diseases].

PMID- 3363932
TI  - [Lesions of the liver and pancreas in alcoholism].

PMID- 3363933
TI  - [Lipid metabolism values in patients with stenocardia associated with ulcer
      disease].

PMID- 3363934
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and rheological properties of the blood in patients with
      stenocardia].

PMID- 3363935
TI  - [Clinico-echographic variants of postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3363936
TI  - [Ultrasonic Doppler echocardiographic values in patients with mitral stenosis
      with atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3363937
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes of the myocardium during dehydration of the body].

PMID- 3363938
TI  - [Clinico-morphological comparison in young patients with labile hypertension].

PMID- 3363939
TI  - [Indices of protein metabolism and immunity in acute suppurative diseases of the
      lungs].

PMID- 3363940
TI  - [Association of acute plasmablastic leukemia and myeloma disease].

PMID- 3363941
TI  - [Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient with ovarian
      apoplexy].

PMID- 3363942
TI  - [Dynamics of gonadotropins and prolactin in dysplasias and cancer of the breast].

PMID- 3363943
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3363945
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of hypernephroid renal cancer in a therapeutic clinic].

PMID- 3363944
TI  - [Histoenzymological characterization of adenoma and cancer of the kidney].

PMID- 3363946
TI  - [Respiratory function and pulmonary blood flow in patients with chronic purulent
      bronchitis].

PMID- 3363947
TI  - [Significance of forced diuresis for the roentgen diagnosis of upper urinary
      tract diseases].

PMID- 3363948
TI  - [Influence of the antitumor antibiotic, preparation 6, on the processes of
      hemopoietic differentiation].

PMID- 3363949
TI  - [A lumbosacral radicular syndrome as a manifestation of malignant tumor
      metastases to the spine].

PMID- 3363950
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of fundus oculi changes in patients with multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 3363951
TI  - [Characteristic features of psychogenic diseases in cases of sequelae of cranio
      cerebral injury].

PMID- 3363952
TI  - [Social-psychological factors influencing the spread of drug addiction].

PMID- 3363953
TI  - [Use of a mathematical method in evaluating the efficacy of health resort
      treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 3363954
TI  - [Psychological studies in the clinical manifestations of internal diseases].

PMID- 3363955
TI  - Depression in a male hemophiliac: unusual presentation for HIV infection?

PMID- 3363956
TI  - Fetus in fetu: case report.

PMID- 3363957
TI  - Primary malignant melanoma at Charleston Area Medical Center, 1966-1986.

PMID- 3363958
TI  - Acute rheumatic fever.

PMID- 3363959
TI  - Hierarchy of risk in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3363960
TI  - Cost containment: force for good or havoc wreaker?

PMID- 3363961
TI  - Drug cause of thrombocytopenia?

PMID- 3363962
TI  - Piroxicam and doxepin--an alternative to narcotic analgesics in managing advanced
      cancer pain.
AB  - To provide an effective continuum of the relief of severe carcinomatous pain with
      minimal side reactions, we initiated treatment with piroxicam (60 to 120 mg per
      day) and doxepin hydrochloride (25 to 225 mg per day). Of 30 patients presenting
      with severe pain of cancer of various origins, 7 continued to death with
      piroxicam and doxepin therapy. An additional 17 were successfully treated for 6
      to 66 weeks with therapy reported here but, as disease progressed, required
      supplemental narcotics. The remaining six abandoned the use of piroxicam due to
      complications of therapy, which ranged from diarrhea to gastric perforation;
      serious complications were associated with patients' failure to adhere to a
      prescribed regimen of sucralfate. Therapy with piroxicam and doxepin proved to be
      safe and efficacious.

PMID- 3363963
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis delta (delta) virus infection. A seroepidemiologic study.
AB  - In assessing the prevalence of hepatitis delta (delta) virus (HDV) infection in
      358 patients with acute hepatitis B seen in Los Angeles between 1983 and 1985 and
      in 196 patients with chronic hepatitis B followed between 1980 and 1985, we found
      that 23% of patients with chronic and 5% of patients with acute hepatitis B were
      infected with HDV. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, the prevalence of HDV
      infection was 73% in intravenous drug users and 14% in homosexual men. Acute
      coinfection with the hepatitis B virus was also more frequent in drug users (8%)
      than in other groups. delta-Hepatitis is a common infection in hepatitis B virus
      carriers in Los Angeles, particularly in drug addicts, but also in homosexual men
      who do not abuse drugs intravenously.

PMID- 3363965
TI  - Judging patient care by outcome.

PMID- 3363964
TI  - Sternoclavicular bacterial arthritis.
AB  - Bacterial infection of the sternoclavicular joint is an unusual event, with cases
      being reported in those with diabetes mellitus, in intravenous drug abusers, and
      in patients afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis. A case of this unique infection
      occurred in a person not known to be at risk for septic arthritis. Our report
      shows the difficulty in diagnosing this disorder.

PMID- 3363966
TI  - Palinopsia due to nonketotic hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3363967
TI  - An AIDS diagnosis used as focus of malingering.

PMID- 3363969
TI  - Joint California Department of Health Services-California Medical Association
      campaign to eliminate congenital rubella syndrome.

PMID- 3363968
TI  - Family planning among Southeast Asian refugees.

PMID- 3363970
TI  - Physicians on trial--self-reported reactions to malpractice trials.

PMID- 3363971
TI  - [Interventions on the heart and large vessels without prior heart
      catheterization].
AB  - Between May 1983 and May 1987, 161 children of all age groups underwent surgery
      for congenital cardiac malformations without prior cardiac catheterization and
      angiocardiography. Their diagnoses were established by clinical investigation,
      electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and cross-sectional echocardiography only in all
      cases. The most common surgical procedures were ligation of a patent ductus
      arteriosus (n = 68), correction of aortic coarctation (n = 28), balloon atrial
      septostomy (n = 27), and closure of an atrial septal defect (n = 23). To prove
      the efficiency and accuracy of this method all patients with cardiac
      malformations surgically treated over the same time period, of the same age
      groups and with the same diagnoses, who had undergone routine preoperative
      cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, were reviewed with regard to the
      attained results, which were compared with those of the non-invasive group. No
      patient in either group died postoperatively due to an incorrect or incomplete
      preoperative diagnosis. There were problems in the group diagnosed by
      echocardiography only in assessing the permeability of the tricuspid valve in
      cases of pulmonary atresia with a hypoplastic right ventricle and in assessing
      the operability of patients with a complete aterioventricular canal. A large
      group of congenital cardiac malformations can, however, be safely operated on the
      basis of non-invasive preoperative diagnoses only.

PMID- 3363972
TI  - [Penicillin-induced acute renal failure as a rare severe complication of
      erysipelas treatment].
AB  - Penicillins are the most commonly used antibiotics in dermatology owing to their
      bacteriocidal effect and the high responsiveness of most bacterial dermatoses to
      penicillin treatment. Although there is a wide range of adverse reactions to
      penicillins, severe complications are seen very rarely. We report on two cases of
      penicillin-induced acute interstitial nephritis and summarize the characteristic
      features of this serious adverse reaction to penicillin administration.

PMID- 3363973
TI  - [Current problems in diagnosis and therapy of allergic rhinopathies].

PMID- 3363974
TI  - [Testicular torsion and fertility--analysis of 63 treated cases].

PMID- 3363976
TI  - [Health and occupational protection of workers--a great socialist
      accomplishment].

PMID- 3363975
TI  - [Increased medical management of families in the Berlin capital city. 1:
      Expectations of the citizens].

PMID- 3363977
TI  - [Quantitative coronary angiography: methodologic principles of a densitometric
      procedure].
AB  - In a defined short segment of a coronary artery, the amount of contrast medium
      depends on the cross-sectional area of the artery. The density of the coronary
      angiogram in the corresponding region reflects the amount of contrast medium.
      During projection of a single coronary angiographic frame, light intensity at the
      respective region can be measured by means of a light sensor. In phantom studies,
      light intensity was proportional to the amount of contrast medium in the
      corresponding area. This was the case even after dilution of the contrast medium
      (correlation coefficient r = 0.96-0.99). In a concentric stenosis model, a good
      correlation was found between the real cross-sectional area and the cross
      sectional area measured by densitometric analysis (r = 0.97). Even in the model
      of eccentric stenoses, the correlation was linear (r = 0.96). Thus, it seems
      basically possible to densitometrically measure the cross-section of a coronary
      stenosis in relation to a normal segment. Unlike video densitometry, this method
      requires only very little apparatus.

PMID- 3363978
TI  - [Intra-aortic balloon pulsation in diagnostic coronary angiography].
AB  - Percutaneous intraaortic balloon counterpulsation was established during
      diagnostic cardiac catheterization in 24 patients (ten patients with impending
      cardiogenic shock and 14 patients with unstable angina pectoris IIIa refractory
      to maximal medical therapy). Hemodynamic stabilization was obtained and pain
      disappeared in every patient within a short time. There was no myocardial
      infarction before surgical intervention. Five patients out of ten with impending
      cardiogenic shock and 12 out of 14 with unstable angina pectoris type IIIa
      survived the hospital period. There were three complications during intra-aortal
      balloon-pulsation: one patient suffered septic infection and two required
      surgical intervention because of peripheral embolization. Intraaortic balloon
      pumping is useful to enable catheterization of high-risk patients and to prevent
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3363979
TI  - [Therapy of a hypereosinophilic syndrome with cardiac involvement].
AB  - The case of a young patient suffering from a hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES),
      complicated by restrictive cardiomyopathy and severe mitral regurgitation is
      analyzed, according to clinical, echocardiographic, haemodynamic, and bioptic
      histological findings. Seven days after mitral valve replacement (St. Jude
      Medical valve), the patient died in cardiogenic shock. The present state of
      treatment of this disease is discussed.

PMID- 3363980
TI  - [Experimental studies of the hemodynamics of disopyramide in comparison with
      quinidine].
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of quinidine and disopyramide i.v. were investigated in
      79 rats. Measurements were performed in the intact circulation (LVP, AoP,
      dp/dtmax). Myocardial function was examined independently of circulatory changes
      by isovolumetric registrations (peak LVP). Animals with NaCl infusion served as
      controls. After infusion of 5 mg/kg (10 mg/kg) quinidine, we obtained a reduction
      (p less than 0.05) in the left ventricular pressure to 81.6 +/- 3.1% (82.6 +/-
      3.7%), in the mean aortic pressure to 70.7 +/- 3.4% (79.3 +/- 6.7%), in dp/dtmax
      to 73.9 +/- 5.6% (72.8 +/- 6.2%), and in the heart rate to 69.7 +/- 7.4% (69.9 +/
      5.4%). Isovolumic pressure maxima after quinidine were not different from the
      controls (90.7 +/- 2.4% and 93.6 +/- 1.5% respectively vs. 96.1 +/- 1.0%). 1
      mg/kg disopyramide caused no significant haemodynamic changes. 2 mg/kg
      disopyramide led to a slight increase in dp/dtmax (107.2 +/- 5.6%, N.S.), while 4
      mg/kg disopyramide had a tendency to reduce the left ventricular pressure (88.5
      +/- 6.2%), mean aortic pressure (80.5 +/- 14.8%) and dp/dtmax (75.1 +/- 8.0%).
      After 4 mg/kg disopyramide, the isovolumic maxima were reduced. Our results
      indicate that the haemodynamic side effects of class-I antiarrhythmic drugs are
      different. Quinidine i.v. caused a reduction in pressures and heart rate, but had
      no influence on the isovolumic pressure maxima. Disopyramide i.v., on the other
      hand, had no significant haemodynamic effects in clinical doses. After high (not
      clinically used) doses of disopyramide (4 mg/kg), which also led to high plasma
      levels, myocardial performance was depressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3363981
TI  - [Coronary fistula of the right ventricular outflow tract as a complication of
      combined transaortic-trans-right ventricular myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive
      cardiomyopathy].
AB  - We report on a patient who showed a fistula between the first septal branch of
      the left anterior descending coronary artery and the right ventricular outflow
      tract, as a complication of combined trans-aortic right ventricular myectomy for
      treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

PMID- 3363982
TI  - [Hypoplastic left heart with transposition of the great arteries].
AB  - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital cardiovascular
      malformation with a fatal outcome, despite increasing cardiosurgical therapeutic
      options. Experiences in three cases are reported which were diagnosed as HLHS in
      the uncommon combination with transposition of the great arteries (TGA).
      Pathophysiology, clinical features and diagnostic approaches of the "classic"
      HLHS and the version with TGA are compared. In contrast to the poor clinical
      outcome, due to impaired systemic and coronary perfusion in patients with classic
      HLHS, HLHS with TGA leads to reduced pulmonary perfusion, which can be relieved
      by aortopulmonary shunt operation. After successful operation, two patients
      showed normal development during the follow-up period of 18 months and 2 years
      resp. Because of different therapeutic and prognostic consequences in the two
      lesions, the necessity to determine topographic relations of great arteries in
      HLHS is stressed.

PMID- 3363983
TI  - [Pertinent correction to "Bioequivalence of generics and substitution: example
      Verapamil retard].

PMID- 3363984
TI  - [Cardiac exercise tolerance of infarct patients in exercise therapy].
AB  - 92 female patients with myocardial infarction were divided into three exercise
      groups of 25 W, 50 W and 75 W according to their symptom-limited working capacity
      and examined during bicycle ergometer training. Exercise tolerance, training
      heart rate and arterial lactic acid were analyzed. RESULTS: 1. Increase in
      maximal working capacity corresponds to a decrease in limiting cardiac symptoms,
      or an increase of limiting symptoms, e.g., in tired leg muscles. 2. Intensity of
      training (as a percentage of maximal symptom-limited work capacity) is 55 +/-
      21%, 73 +/- 15%, and 90 +/- 8% for groups of 25, 50 and 75 W (p less than 0.05)
      respectively. 3. Training heart rate and lactic acid increase significantly
      proportional to the increase of work capacity. 4. In all three exercise groups,
      training heart rate corresponds to about 84% maximal heart rate measured at
      maximal working capacity. 5. Mean maximal lactic acid level is at 3.18 +/- 0.97
      mmol/l for the whole exercise group on 75 W. Within this group, only a small
      subgroup of seven women, who were limited in maximal working capacity by tired
      leg muscles, reached the so-called anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol/l lactic acid.
      6. Female patients greater than or equal to 60 years have partially significant
      higher mean lactic acid levels for the same exercise load as women less than or
      equal to 59 years. CONCLUSION: Gender specific differences in performance in
      women and the cardiac situation in female patients were considered on the basis
      of symptom-limited performance and body-weight-related physical training,
      regulated by individual training heart rate.

PMID- 3363985
TI  - [Diagnosis of myocardial ischemias with long-term electrocardiography:
      spontaneous variability and modification by nitrate therapy].
AB  - To evaluate spontaneous variability of ST-segment changes within the Holter ECG,
      in 20 patients with documented coronary heart disease (CHD) long-term ambulatory
      ECG recordings were performed over 3 consecutive days, when the patients were
      only receiving short-acting nitrates. ST-segment alterations per day were
      measured as the area beneath the baseline (mV x min), and were compared day-to
      day intraindividually. The intra-day variations of ST-segment area alterations
      were a factor of about 10, when compared with the baseline values. Following
      administrations of 120 mg ISDN ret. at the beginning of day 4, the number of
      anginal attacks was reduced, as was the acute medication with short-acting
      nitrates. There was also a trend to reduction of ischemic ST-segment changes, but
      these reductions could not be confirmed statistically. In studies on the course
      and therapeutic interventions of patients with CHD, the phenomenon of spontaneous
      variability of ST-segment alterations must be taken into account--as applies also
      to the arrhythmia analysis within the Holter ECG--and the recording period must
      probably be prolonged beyond the 24-h limit presently used.

PMID- 3363986
TI  - [Silent myocardial ischemia in long-term ECG: is the standard of the American
      Heart Association for ST segment analysis adequate?].
AB  - Ambulatory ECG recording for ST-segment monitoring to detect episodes of silent
      ischemia has become of increasing clinical interest. Of the available Holter
      systems with different recording techniques, the direct recording (AM) systems
      are most commonly used. It still remains uncertain whether the recorded ECG
      signals are sufficient for the monitoring of transient ST-segment changes. A
      mathematical model was developed to allow a full description of a direct
      recording Holter system. As a representative, we used the Medilog I system which
      has been experimentally tested by Bragg-Remschel. Using the mathematical model,
      the ST-segment deformation was calculated at different heart rates for critical
      regions of the frequency response curve. Deviations of about +/- 30% occurred at
      different heart rates as compared to the original ST-segment signal. This is due
      to the half wavelength-to-head contact effect, inherent in direct recording
      systems. At present, ECG analysis for quantitation of ST-segment changes is
      already limited by upper and lower cutoff frequencies. In addition, system
      inherent amplitude and frequency of an induced sine wave need to be considered
      for correct measurements.

PMID- 3363987
TI  - [Quantitative segmental analysis of wall function of the right ventricle in
      probands with healthy hearts].
AB  - To investigate and determine the local wall motion of normal right ventricles,
      biplane angiograms from 14 normal subjects were analyzed. In all patients,
      organic heart disease was excluded by angiography and right heart catheterization
      under exercise. Using a radial model, segmental systolic area shortening was
      determined for the anterior, anteroapical and inferior segment in the RAO
      projection and the inferior, anteroapical and anterior (free wall) segment in the
      LAO-projection. The highest segmental shortening was found for the anterior wall
      in the RAO-projection (45.6 +/- 7.8%) and for the free wall in the LAO-projection
      with 42.7 +/- 11.3% (RAO: anteroapical 28.1 +/- 6.3%; inferior: 26.5 +/- 7.8%.
      LAO: anteroapical: 34.7 +/- 18.8%; inferior: 30.6 +/- 21.6%). Corresponding to
      these different segment shortenings, right ventricular contraction seems to have
      a disharmonic pattern in comparison to the left ventricle. Normal local wall
      motion of segmental area shortening was predicted by the means-2SD (95.5%)
      confidence interval. The confidence interval of the inferior (-12.6%) and
      anteroapical (-2.9%) segment in the LAO-projection was poor compared to the other
      segments (RAO: anterior 30.0%; anteroapical 15.5%; inferior: 10.9%; LAO: free
      wall: 20.1%). For the LAO-inferior and LAO-anteroapical segment, even akinesia
      was within the 95.5% confidence interval. In conclusion, quantification of local
      wall motion seems possible with reasonable confidence for RAO segments and the
      free wall in the LAO-projection only.

PMID- 3363988
TI  - [Pneumopyopericardium--a rare complication following surgical correction of an
      "upside-down stomach"].
AB  - The follow-up period after surgery of an upside-down stomach in a 53-year-old
      patient was complicated by a pneumopyopericardium due to Candida albicans and
      Enterococcus. Therapy was performed by pericardial drainage. Local instillations
      of Mezlocillin (100 mg/l) and Amphotericin B (1 mg/l, Candida-MIC = 0.1 mg/l),
      over a period of 10 days and followed by a systemic antimycosis with 5-Flucytosin
      (0.14 g/d/kg over 5 days) and Amphotericin B (0.3 mg/d/kg over 11 days) led to
      recovery. Six months after discharge from the hospital, echocardiography revealed
      only a thickened pericardium without hemodynamic disorders.

PMID- 3363989
TI  - [Rupture of the ventricular septum following posterior wall infarction: echo- and
      Doppler echocardiography diagnosis with pressure determination].
AB  - In the postinfarct ventricular septal rupture, an early surgical intervention
      improves prognosis. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is necessary. A 56-year-old
      patient was admitted to the hospital with a Q-wave posterior myocardial
      infarction. Auscultation suggested a ventricular septal defect. Neither M-mode
      nor the two-dimensional echocardiography with apical four- chamber view could
      confirm the ventricular septal defect. Only the subcostal view showed a basal
      ventricular septal defect, which was sometimes covered by the septal leaflet of
      the tricuspid valve. With the continuous wave Doppler, a left-to-right shunt on
      the ventricular septum could be registered and the pressure in the right
      ventricle could be measured. Catheterization confirmed the diagnosis of a basal
      ventricular septal defect with the associated pressure characteristic. The basal
      ventricular septal defect was successfully closed with a patch. The high accuracy
      of the continuous-wave Doppler, which is superior to M-mode and two-dimensional
      echocardiography, was confirmed by this report. Pressure measurement in the right
      ventricle by continuous wave Doppler also provides a non-invasive diagnostic
      method that can be used at the bedside.

PMID- 3363990
TI  - [Abstracts of the 54th annual meeting of the German Society for Cardiovascular
      Research. 8-10 April 1988, Mannheim].

PMID- 3363991
TI  - [Ambulatory care of psychiatrically changed elderly patients].
AB  - Based on an empirical study in Berlin, we will attempt to answer the question of
      whether centers for ambulant health and social services provide adequate care for
      old people who are mentally disturbed. It is shown that this special group of
      patients already amounts to more than 40% of the services' clients. Although the
      client is usually referred to the center because of physical illness,
      psychological problems will have to be taken into consideration by the nurse.
      This is already happening in part, and it is possible to discriminate special
      psychogeriatric categories of care. As a rule, however, the quality and quantity
      of care given are not sufficient. In a pilot study, positive effects have been
      achieved by recruiting specialized staff. Additionally, cooperation with other
      services, concerning the psychological problems of the patient, should be
      improved.

PMID- 3363992
TI  - [A psychosocial therapeutic program for dementia inmates of a nursing home for
      the aged].
AB  - This paper presents the development of a therapy program for in-patients with
      cerebral dysfunctions living in a nursing home of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt,
      Frankfurt. The "starting-point" for the development of this therapy was the
      conscious decision against the segregation of patients with cerebral dysfunctions
      and for their "integrated housing" with other in-patients. First experiences and
      results with this therapy system, which is related to the findings of the
      intervention programs in gerontology, are presented, as well as the first survey
      in the evaluation of this psychosocial therapy program.

PMID- 3363993
TI  - [Review of geriatric clinics and day clinics in Germany].
AB  - In this work we review the staff planning and financial aspects of geriatric
      hospitals and day clinics in Germany. We know that the institutions which we
      listed by chance do not show an overall model for the whole republic of Germany,
      but we are sure that it should be possible to derive some conclusions from the
      data concerning staff and costs of geriatric institutions in Germany. We are
      planning to expand the study and would be pleased to receive more informations
      from interested colleagues.

PMID- 3363994
TI  - [Cognitive and mnemonic information processing in institutionalized and
      noninstitutionalized elderly patients].
AB  - Older subjects (institutionalized in a home for the aged and non
      institutionalized) were compared in a test battery according to the
      recommendations of the NINCDS-ADRA. The institutionalized subjects were not
      distinguishable from the controls when only a small amount of information was to
      be processed or when the information had to be recalled with no distraction.
      Possible reasons for the observed differences are discussed.

PMID- 3363995
TI  - [Unmerited inflation of health service use. Analysis of utilization of health
      care and services by the elderly].
AB  - This contribution deals with a burning issue of the "inadequate utilization" of
      services, especially with the phenomenon of so-called excessive use of services
      by certain old individuals. We investigate to what extent particular patterns of
      negotiation between the client and service provider may favour the increase of
      utilization. The contribution bases on an analysis of cases documented by the
      staff in two counseling institutions for old citizens in the course of one year.
      We could identify four patterns of interaction ("lagging", "keeping contact",
      "reassuring", and "symptom therapy") which predispose increase of utilization
      frequently. Two examples of these patterns--"lagging" and "keeping contact"--are
      explained in every detail. The contribution shows that not only structural
      factors of the care system but also the face-to-face interaction between clients
      and service providers may produce unwanted effects. The elimination of such
      effects must start with better understanding of the dynamics of the helping
      interaction.

PMID- 3363996
TI  - [Homes for the aged and nursing homes in North Rhine-Westphalia].
AB  - In the last hundred years demographic change has altered the age composition of
      the overall population. In particular there was a marked rise in the number of
      older people (65 years and over). In Germany the proportion of the total
      population aged 65 years and over increased from 4.6% in 1871 to 15.1% in 1977.
      The current demographic-geographical situation of the proportion of the aged,
      homes for the aged and nursing homes in the different districts of North Rhine
      Westphalia is presented. Since 1979 there has been an increase of 17,122 in the
      number of beds available in nursing homes. In North Rhine-Westphalia a total of
      49,536 beds in nursing homes were available on 1.9.84, i.e. 2.08 beds per 100
      aged (65 years and over), while the intended index is 2.3 beds per 100 aged. The
      number of places in homes for old people was 58,236 on 1.9.84, i.e. 2.45 places
      per 100 aged. The intended index (2.80 places per 100 aged) is nearly reached,
      although the regional differences are considerable.

PMID- 3363997
TI  - Briefing about the Institute of Geriatrics (IG) of the Chinese PLA General
      Hospital.

PMID- 3363998
TI  - [Determination of energy and substrate metabolism using indirect calorimetry].

PMID- 3363999
TI  - [Affinity chromatography preparation of human cationic trypsin and production of
      a monospecific antiserum as a principle for the immunochemical determination of
      trypsin].

PMID- 3364000
TI  - [Problems in the scientific development of pathological and clinical
      biochemistry].

PMID- 3364001
TI  - [Double antibody and solid phase ELISA for estradiol determination in serum].

PMID- 3364002
TI  - [Effect of high glucose concentrations on spontaneous aggregation of human blood
      platelets].

PMID- 3364003
TI  - [Role of intra-erythrocyte sodium in children with essential hypertension. Follow
      up within the scope of a long-term epidemiologic study].

PMID- 3364004
TI  - [Entropic statistical, spectral, conditional probabilistic and determinate
      characteristics of the heart rhythm in various functional states in man].

PMID- 3364005
TI  - [Oxidation of xenobiotics and toxicologic problems].

PMID- 3364006
TI  - [Regulation of the activity of enzyme systems oxidizing foreign compounds].

PMID- 3364008
TI  - [Kinetics of the electron transfer reaction of the monooxygenase system].

PMID- 3364007
TI  - [Kinetic and metabolic criteria of adaptation and disadaptation to chemical
      environmental pollutants].

PMID- 3364009
TI  - [Major molecular mechanisms determining the cytotoxicity of fibrogenic dusts].

PMID- 3364010
TI  - [Role of the monooxygenase system in the metabolism and mechanism of action of
      several pesticides].

PMID- 3364011
TI  - [Myocardial metabolism in exogenous chemical toxicity].

PMID- 3364012
TI  - [Characteristics of fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane in workers
      exposed to organophosphate pesticides].

PMID- 3364013
TI  - [Free radical oxidation in the oral mucosa of patients with leukoplakia].

PMID- 3364014
TI  - [Effect of low-intensity laser irradiation together with photosensitizers on the
      skin in experimental animals].

PMID- 3364015
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in mycoses and eczema of the skin of the feet].

PMID- 3364016
TI  - [Ureaplasma carrier state and asthenospermia].

PMID- 3364017
TI  - [Diagnosis of cancer of the oral mucosa].

PMID- 3364018
TI  - [Effect of vitiligo on behavioral reactions of patients].

PMID- 3364019
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of dietary toxicoderma in patients with kidney
      diseases].

PMID- 3364020
TI  - [Early morphological signs of mycosis fungoides].

PMID- 3364021
TI  - [Hemostasis in patients with circumscribed and systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 3364022
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation and capillary permeability in patients
      with urticaria].

PMID- 3364023
TI  - [Magnetophores in the treatment of various dermatoses].

PMID- 3364024
TI  - [Prevention of pyoderma in agricultural workers].

PMID- 3364025
TI  - [Toxic reticular melanoderma in a large Donetsk coal mining region].

PMID- 3364026
TI  - [Rossolimo-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome].

PMID- 3364027
TI  - [A case of unusual location of multiple oleogranulomas].

PMID- 3364028
TI  - [The urinoscope].

PMID- 3364029
TI  - [Chronic urogenital Trichomonas infection and disorders of sexual function in
      men].

PMID- 3364030
TI  - [Isolated lesions of the optic and acoustic nerves in a patient with secondary
      recurrent syphilis].

PMID- 3364031
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in the foci of lesions in patients with scleroderma during
      treatment of hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 3364032
TI  - [Estrous cyclicity and the reproduction of rats with different levels of
      photoreactivity].

PMID- 3364033
TI  - What is the future for medical education?

PMID- 3364034
TI  - Typhoid fever in an extended family.

PMID- 3364035
TI  - Mortality experienced by children of the Anga region of Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3364036
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosis in a Papua New Guinean highlander.

PMID- 3364037
TI  - Obstructed labour with uterine rupture due to a rare fetal malformation.

PMID- 3364039
TI  - Aetiology of oedema at Port Moresby General Hospital.

PMID- 3364038
TI  - The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of typhoid.

PMID- 3364040
TI  - Comparative studies between counterimmunoelectrophoresis and microprecipitation
      method of identification of human minute bloodstains.
AB  - A minute bloodstain on a thread 2 mm in length was tested to identify human
      origin by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), modified CIE, and
      microprecipitation method (MPM), using anti-human HbA serum. The detection limits
      expressed as the highest dilution of human blood on the thread in positive
      reaction were 1:160, 1:320, and 1:320 in CIE, modified CIE, and MPM,
      respectively. About 1 h was required to obtain the results. In CIE and modified
      CIE, the detection limits diminished according to the reduction of the samples
      from one half to one-eighth of the thread, but not in MPM.

PMID- 3364041
TI  - Deposition of cocaine in tissue after lethal and repeated sublethal
      administration to sheep.
AB  - The deposition of cocaine in tissue after lethal administration to sheep was
      investigated. In addition, the presence of cocaine in tissue obtained from sheep
      treated for 30 days with a sublethal dose (2.4 mg/kg b.wt.) after 1-day, 1-week,
      or 1-month withdrawal was studied. The determination of cocaine was performed by
      radioimmunoassay. The concentrations measured represent the sum of cocaine and
      its metabolites. The presence of cocaine was also qualitatively proven by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. After a lethal dose administration cocaine was
      found in all investigated organs. The highest concentrations were present in
      liver, bile, and kidney. In tissue obtained from the sheep treated daily with a
      sublethal dose and killed after 1-week withdrawal, the concentrations found were
      significantly lower. After 1-month withdrawal, cocaine was not to be discovered
      in tissue.

PMID- 3364042
TI  - DNA fingerprints: the importance in forensic medicine. II. The significance of
      examining DNA polymorphisms of placental tissues for the purpose of paternity
      determination during the early stages within the first trimester.
AB  - Investigation of genomic polymorphisms detected by a minisatellite named
      tentatively "Myo", which is expected to correspond to the minisatellite in human
      myoglobin gene of Jeffreys et al., gives distinct and different aspects of
      chorionic villus and the decidual membrane in the same placenta. The chorionic
      villus, which is regarded as the extraembryonal tissue, represents the essential
      embryonal DNA fingerprint pattern, while the decidual membrane reveals the
      maternal one. A comparison between the DNA fingerprints from the chorion villus
      and from the blood sample of the suspected father provides the possibility of
      setting a paternity determination which can be achieved during the first
      trimester of a pregnancy.

PMID- 3364043
TI  - [Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 13 as an indication of paternity
      in forensic assessment].
AB  - We report a paternity testing case in which a decisive clue was a deletion of the
      short arm of chromosome 13 in the child and in his putative father.

PMID- 3364044
TI  - Positive and negative ion mass spectrometry of antiepileptic hydantoins and their
      analogs.
AB  - Positive ion electron impact (PIEI), positive ion chemical ionization (PICI), and
      negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) mass spectra of seven compounds of
      hydantoins and their analogs are presented; their probable fragmentation modes
      are also presented. In the PIEI mode, intensities of molecular ions differed
      according to different compounds. Cleavage at outsides of both carbonyl groups
      was commonly observed for all compounds. In the PICI mode, all compounds showed
      [M + 1]+ quasi-molecular ions constituting the base peaks. In the NICI mode, [M -
      1]- quasi-molecular anions were the base peaks except for trimethadione and
      paramethadione. All negative spectra showed anions at m/z 42 due to [NCO]-; these
      peaks seem useful for screening of antiepileptics. An extraction procedure for
      the anti-epileptics from human urine or plasma, and their separation by gas
      chromatography (GC), are also presented to serve for their actual identification
      by GC/mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3364045
TI  - [Comparative morphine determination in parts of the brain using combined gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. A possibility for assessing survival time].
AB  - Comparison of the morphine concentrations in the medulla oblongata and the
      cerebellum provides information on the interval between morphine administration
      and death. If this period is short, the ratio of CMed:CCereb is below 1. The
      ratio is above 1 if a number of hours have passed at least. The balance of the
      morphine concentrations is achieved within a few hours. Results have been
      achieved by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis in about 100 autopsy
      cases.

PMID- 3364046
TI  - [The trace elements zinc and copper in chronic renal failure].
AB  - The serum levels of zinc and copper were investigated in 92 patients with
      different stages of chronic renal insufficiency. 48 patients were treated by
      chronic hemodialysis. With the progression of chronic renal insufficiency the
      serum level of zinc is reduced and the level of copper is slightly increased. In
      advanced chronic renal failure the hypozincemia is more markedly during
      conservative therapy, than in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. In 22
      patients investigations of the serum levels of zinc and copper were performed
      before and after a 4-hour hemodialysis. There an increase of the serum zinc level
      after treatment using the hemodialyzer KN 401 is striking. In 16 Patients treated
      by chronic hemodialysis the serum levels of zinc and copper were followed for 1
      year.

PMID- 3364047
TI  - [Development of a model as a pathophysiologic study method in clinical and
      experimental nephrology].
AB  - After explanations concerning principal qualities of the models follow examples
      from nephrology about theoretical and concrete modelling. Consequences for the
      renal functional, performance and reagibility diagnostics are discussed. The
      ability of mathematical modellings for statements is shown at the instance of the
      ureal plasma kinetics in apparative peritoneal detoxication methods and in
      connection with investigations about the implantable kidney as well as
      supplemented by explanations concerning the dynamic compartment modelling of the
      potassium balance.

PMID- 3364048
TI  - [Endometriosis externa thoracalis].
AB  - The incidence of endometriosis is between eight and 15 percent among sexually
      mature women, with peaks being in the third and fourth decades of age. External
      thoracic endometriosis is associated with implantation of endometrial tissue into
      lung, pleura, bronchial system, and diaphragm. Major indicators symptoms of
      thoracal endometriosis include haemoptysis, thorax pain, recurrent spontaneous
      pneumothorax, and haemorrhagic pleural effusion, with all these manifestations
      being temporally coordinated with menstruation. Bronchoscopy and radiography are
      used for diagnosis, while surgery, hormonal treatment, and radiotherapy are used
      for therapeutic action. One patient with systemic endometriosis is reported in
      greater detail in this paper.

PMID- 3364050
TI  - [Liposarcomas of the mediastinum].

PMID- 3364049
TI  - [Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy].
AB  - Technique and advantages of thoracal sympathectomy, using the mediastinoscope,
      are described in this paper. Clear-cut evidence was produced to lasting
      suspension of sympathetic action during the follow-up period.

PMID- 3364051
TI  - [Emergency thoracotomy in the newborn infant].

PMID- 3364052
TI  - [An animal model of surgical, external cardiac denervation. Studies of the
      autonomic control of heart rate].
AB  - A great role is played in clinical practice by monitoring of vegetative
      functions, such as heart and respiratory rates. Mean values, rhythms, and
      interaction of both control variables in the form of respiratory sinus arrhythmia
      may provide plenty of information, primarily when computerised, and may enable
      conclusions to be drawn as to neuro-circulatory tonus. The model described in
      this paper has been devised for the purpose of producing information on types of
      changes in neurovegetative control in response to functional systemic effects
      from pharmaceuticals or from substantial, locally delimited lesions of nerve
      structures. External cardiac denervation is applied for stepwise discontinuation
      of sympathetic, parasympathetic, spinal, and medullary control systems up to the
      stage of cerebral death, resulting in cardiac "automatism". Data may thus be
      derived on the Bainbridge reflex, and correlations may be established with in
      vitro experiments on chronotropic control of the heart. The results presented in
      this paper may be of relevance to situations in intensive medical care or to
      cases with lesions to the central nervous system up to irreversible loss of brain
      function, when heart rate data recorded from monitoring of the central nervous
      system or of vegetative functions must be interpreted in all their variability
      with high reliability and accuracy for differential diagnosis and
      prognostication.

PMID- 3364053
TI  - [Emergency surgical indications in chest injuries].
AB  - Urgent surgical intervention is required by ten to twelve per cent of all
      patients with thorax injuries. The author's figures were 2.3 per cent of all his
      5,518 patients or 16 per cent of the severe cases among them. Immediate surgical
      action has proved to be necessary to cope with massive bleeding, bronchus
      injuries, open pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, aortic rupture as well as with
      injuries of the diaphragm and oesophagus. Prognoses are good in many cases, even
      with considerable loss of blood. Lethality figures, depending on age and
      accompanying injuries, were between ten and 15 per cent for blunt injuries or
      something between three and five per cent for penetrating injuries.

PMID- 3364054
TI  - [Exploratory thoracotomy in surgery of lung cancer].
AB  - An account is given in this paper of results obtained from radiotherapy and
      combined therapy in cases of regionally spreading carcinoma of the lung.
      Exploratory thoracotomy was definitely found to be accompanied by a minimum of
      complications (4.8 +/- 1.2 per cent) and low lethality (1.7 +/- 0.7 per cent).
      Complete remission, lasting more than 36 months, was recorded from 15.4 +/- 7.2
      per cent of exploratively thoracotomised patients, following radically programmed
      radiotherapy. Extensive surgery, combined with preoperative and/or postoperative
      radiotherapy, was found to be practicable in cases of epidermoid lung carcinoma
      with metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes.

PMID- 3364055
TI  - [Arteriovenous interposed prostheses in children for dialysis of allogenic,
      aldehyde preserved, form-fixed veins with silicone-coated inner surfaces].
AB  - Arterio-venous shunts of new allogenic, aldehyde-preserved, form-fixed saphena
      with silicone-coated inner surfaces were applied to the upper arms of seven
      children aged between four months and ten years. Two children died of open shunt,
      and two transplants underwent thrombosis, within a follow-up period of 27 months.
      The causes of death and thrombosis were in no way related to the transplant
      material. Infection, aneurysm, and stenosis did not occur.

PMID- 3364056
TI  - [McKusick-Kaufman syndrome as a cause of acute abdomen in the neonatal period].
AB  - The McKusick-Kaufman-syndrome, also known by the name of hydrometrocolpos
      hexadactyly syndrome, is an autosomal-recessive hereditary disease or spontaneous
      malformation. A hydrometrocolpos is formed in the process by a transversal
      vaginal septum and subsequently acts like an abdominal tumour to compress the
      iliac veins and to result in supravesical obstruction, eventually causing a
      condition of ileus and respiratory problems. Transvaginal drainage is used as
      primary therapy.

PMID- 3364057
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of appendicitis in the neonatal period and infancy].

PMID- 3364058
TI  - [Organ-sparing surgery of leiomyomas of the uterus in young females].
AB  - At the IInd Dept. of Obstet. and Gynaecology, University of Vienna, in the five
      year period between 1979 and 1984 enucleation of uterine leiomyomas was performed
      in 27 cases. At the time of operation all of them desired children. All
      leiomyomas were located in the uterine corpus. The biggest one held 13 cm in
      diameter. In spite of avoiding endometrial lesions the cavity of the uterus was
      opened during surgery in 5 cases. None of the patients showed intra- or
      postoperative complications. We were able to receive follow-up informations of 21
      patients. In 8 cases different contraceptives were used. 8 women became pregnant
      after surgery. Five of them had term deliveries, in three cases early abortions
      occurred. One woman suffered from recurrent leiomyomas, which led to hysterectomy
      3 years later. These findings suggest that conservative surgery in cases of
      leiomyomas of the uterus could promote or preserve young women's fertility.

PMID- 3364059
TI  - Maternal condylomata and juvenile laryngeal papillomas in their children.
AB  - In the literature a connection is postulated between maternal condylomata and
      juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis in their children. We have attempted to shed
      light on the connection partly by seeking information about the children of 77
      mothers with condylomata during delivery, and partly by seeking information about
      the mothers of nine children with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. Our research
      has not shown a clinical connection between the two diseases.

PMID- 3364060
TI  - [Metastasis of cervical cancer to the end phalanx of the small finger].
AB  - Case report on a diabetic patient aged 68 years, who was operated on a cervical
      carcinoma by the method of Wertheim-Meigs. 3 weeks later a panaritium of the
      right little finger developed. X-ray examination resulted an osteoclastic
      process. The histology of the amputated end limb of this finger demonstrated a
      metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma. The patient died 49 days after
      operation. Autopsy found a massive development of tumor with multiple far
      metastases.

PMID- 3364061
TI  - [Does lymphography affect the healing results in cervix cancer?].
AB  - The therapeutical results of patients suffering from cervical cancer have been
      proofed in a clinical retrospective study in two groups with and without
      preoperative lymphography. 321 patients operated on by abdominal and vaginal
      route in the years 1976-1981 were included. It could be demonstrated, that
      survival rate is not better after lymphography independent from histological type
      and stage or postoperative irradiation. Therefore the value of preoperative
      lymphography may be doubtful.

PMID- 3364062
TI  - [Acute phlebographic diagnosis of thrombotic complications in gynecology and
      obstetrics].
AB  - From 1971 to April 1986 phlebography was performed in a total of 459 patients
      suspected clinically having an acute phlebothrombosis. From 112 female patients
      (24.4%) coming from the departments of gynaecology and obstetrics in 94 cases an
      acute or subacute phlebothrombotic process was proved phlebographically. The main
      age of these female patients was 29 +/- 11 years (17 to 76 years). A combined
      ileo-femoral-crural vein thrombosis in 44.7% was the most frequent localization
      and expansion, however, an isolated thrombotic process of pelvic veins was found
      in 25.6% only. A coincidence of the calculated age of thrombosis and clinical
      symptoms could be proved in 62 female patients (66%), but often the
      phlebographically calculated thrombus age was much longer than suspected by
      clinical symptoms alone. Foudroyant pulmonary embolism was observed in each fifth
      or sixth patient. The special technique of phlebographic investigation is
      discussed in detail with the judgement of a differentiated therapy of
      phlebothrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3364063
TI  - [Abdominal cancer surgery in patients over 70].
AB  - Between 1971 and 1986, 63 oncological patients were submitted to a major
      abdominal operation at our hospital. Mortality, complication rate and mean
      hospital stay of these patient group were comparable to those found in a control
      group of geriatric patients whose indication for laparotomy was a benign
      condition. From the presented data it is concluded that if there is an indication
      for surgery, in the absence of an equivalent medical alternative, the operation
      should be undertaken also in oncological patients, regardless of age.

PMID- 3364064
TI  - [Decreasing urologic complications by the centralized therapy of cervix cancer].
AB  - Report about the urologic complications seen in connection with 212 radical
      hysterectomies performed abdominally according to Wertheim-Held in the time
      between. 1.4. 1980-15. 12. 1986 in patients suffering from cervical cancer. There
      were 2 injuries of the urinary bladder while the operation procedure (= 0.9%), no
      injuries or late fistulas of the ureter. Dilatations of the upper urinary tract
      in patients treated only operatively were to be stated in 5%, half of them
      disappeared spontaneously. In case of operation plus postoperative x-ray
      treatment the rate of upper urinary tract dilatation was higher (= 15%). The
      centralization of treatment in the therapy of cervical cancer is an important
      tool for diminishing the rate of urologic complications.

PMID- 3364065
TI  - [Tumor chemotherapy of ovarian cancer patients in advanced age].
AB  - Retrospectively the side effects caused by toxicity of cis-platinum chemotherapy
      combinations, the prolongation of the intervals in tumour chemotherapy without
      treatment determined by this, and the interruption of therapy caused by this 23
      patients with ovarian cancer at an age of below 55 (average age 49.6 years) were
      contrasted with those of 25 patients with ovarian cancer, aged above 55. By means
      of the convergence table no significant differences in toxicity between the two
      age groups could be discerned at an error probability of 10 per cent. According
      to our experience the advanced age does not present any essential contra
      indication for tumour chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3364067
TI  - [HBsAg screening in pregnant females].
AB  - In 1985-1986, the sera of 2,634 pregnant women in the 26th week of gestation were
      examined for HBsAg by means of counterelectrophoresis and haemagglutination test.
      10 sera (0.38%) yielded a positive test result. Only one serum came from a nurse
      who was occurred in the Public Health Service, suggesting a general HBsAG
      screening in pregnancy. Thus, hepatitis-B carriers can be detected and, by
      simultaneous immunization of the newborns the materno-fetal infection prevented.

PMID- 3364066
TI  - [Puncture of the chorionic villi. Technic--experiences--risks].
AB  - Chorion villi biopsy is a recently introduced method for first trimester prenatal
      diagnosis. Based on 435 cases of chorionic villi biopsies, obtained during a 3
      year period, we report our experiences with the technique of chorionic villi
      sampling, chromosomal analysis from trophoblast tissue and possibly associated
      complications, such as spontaneous abortions, vaginal bleeding, and chromosomal
      mosaicism. The rate of spontaneous abortions in our group of patients was 3%.
      This appears low, considering the high overall spontaneous abortion rate in early
      pregnancy of women over 35 years. The cytogenetic diagnosis is complicated by a
      high rate (2.8%) of chromosomal mosaicism, which were found to be not
      representative for the fetus, but required control amniocentesis. From our
      experiences with this method we conclude that chorion villi biopsy can be offered
      as a reliable alternative method to amniocentesis in the hands of an experienced
      team of obstetric surgeons and cytogenetists.

PMID- 3364068
TI  - [Possibilities of obstetric pelvic diagnosis].
AB  - The management of pelvic examination in the department of obstetrics and
      gynecology, county-hospital Suhl is pointed out. Discussion of all clinical and
      radiological facilities in the pelvic examination both in breech and in head
      presentation. The X-ray pelvimetry is recommended in case of suspicion of a
      contracted outlet of the pelvis and generally for planning the management in case
      of breech presentation after the exclusion of an indication for a primary
      caesarean section.

PMID- 3364069
TI  - [Serological surveillance of ehrlichiosis in dogs in the USSR].

PMID- 3364070
TI  - [Effect of the composition of the nutrient media and culture conditions on the
      growth of strains of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli].
AB  - The influence of the composition of culture media and cultivation conditions on
      the growth of Campylobacter strains has been studied. Blood-containing media have
      been found to ensure the most favorable growth conditions. No differences between
      the use of RCT supplement (rifampicin, cephalothin and trimethoprim in amounts of
      10, 15 and 5 mg/l respectively) and DC supplement (0.1% of sodium deoxycholate
      and 15 mg/l of cephalothin), as well as between different methods used for the
      creation of microaerophilic conditions, have been established.

PMID- 3364071
TI  - [Characteristics of the formation of the HBsAg carrier state among pregnant women
      and newborn infants and their role in the spread of hepatitis B].
AB  - The authors analyze the incidence rate of HBsAg carriership among 8, 120 pregnant
      women and 261 newborn infants at different periods after birth. The levels of
      HBsAg carriership among pregnant women and the members of their families, as well
      as among the personnel of maternity clinics and blood donors, have been
      established. The rate and time of the detection of HBsAg in infants born to
      mothers found to be HBsAg carriers have been determined. Measures for the
      prophylaxis of hepatitis B are discussed with due regard to the specific
      epidemiological features of the spread of HBsAg carriership, established in this
      study, and to the presence of antibodies to HBsAg among the above-mentioned
      groups of the population.

PMID- 3364072
TI  - [Indices of immunity and allergy in patients with viral hepatitis treated with
      prodigiozan].
AB  - The immune and allergic status of patients with acute viral hepatitides A and B
      after treatment with prodigiosan, a bacterial lipopolysaccharide preparation, was
      studied. The drug produced as stimulating effect on cell-mediated and humoral
      immunity. The development of delayed specific drug sensitization was registered
      in two-thirds of the patients, which correlated with the regression of
      clinicobiochemical manifestations of hepatitis.

PMID- 3364073
TI  - [Enhancement of antitoxic immunity in newborn infants by peroral administration
      of donor antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin].
AB  - The possibility of enhancing specific immunity by the oral administration of
      homologous antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin in a dose of 50 I. U./kg b. w.
      before the first feeding was shown in 75 newborn infants with a high risk of
      staphylococcal infection. 24 hours after the first administration of Ig the titer
      of staphylococcal anti-alpha toxin in the blood rose from 0.68 +/- 0.05 I. U./ml
      to 2.9 +/- 0.14 I. U/ml, on day 7 this titer persisted at the level of 2.86 +/-
      0.12 I. U./ml, and 3 months later the titer was 1.5 +/- 0.05 I. U./ml. No side
      effects were observed. In the reference group (50 infants) antitoxic titers
      remained low. No suppurative-septic diseases were observed in the test group
      within 3 months, while in the controls, focal forms of staphylococcal infection
      (12 cases) and sepsis (1 case) were registered.

PMID- 3364074
TI  - [Reactogenicity, toxicity and tolerance of reaferon in healthy volunteers].
AB  - In the clinical trial of reaferon, introduced intramuscularly and intravenously
      in different doses (2 X 10(6), 6 X 10(6) and 9 X 10(6) I. U. daily) for 3 days,
      various side effects were observed. Their intensity depended on the dose of the
      preparation and the route of administration. The most regular reaction was a rise
      in temperature, accompanied by slight weakness, headache, loss of appetite,
      slight dizziness, euphoria. All side effects were transient. No toxic or allergic
      reactions involving the organs and systems of the body were observed. Low doses
      of the preparation (2 X 10(6) I. U. daily) promoted an increase in the amount of
      lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, stimulated cellular immunity factors and
      contributed to the optimal functioning of the interferon systems. High doses (6 X
      10(6) to 9 X 10(6) I. U. daily) had a pronounced immunosuppressing effect. On the
      whole, reaferon proved to be fairly tolerable.

PMID- 3364076
TI  - [Interrelations between Klebsiella ozaenae and other members of a microbial
      association in a pathological ozenous focus].
AB  - The study of relationships between individual representatives of the
      microeubiosis at a pathological ozenous focus has shown that Gram-positive
      microorganisms and opportunistic enterobacteria are not antagonistic to K.
      ozaenae which, in their turn, do not affect the growth of opportunistic
      enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overwhelming majority of P.
      aeruginosa strains (92.9%) grown on a solid culture medium are characterized by a
      varying antagonistic activity with respect to K. ozaenae; this activity does not
      manifest if these organisms have been grown together in a liquid medium. P.
      aeruginosa culture fluid diluted 1:10 and 1:20 has not inhibited the
      multiplication of K. ozaenae. The data indicate the possibility of a prolonged
      coexistence of K. ozaenae with Proteus and P. aeruginosa, which is confirmed by
      many cases of simultaneous isolation of associations of these microbes from ozena
      patients. Thus the possibility appears of a combined pathogenic action of these
      bacteria on human body.

PMID- 3364075
TI  - [Etiological structure of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic
      bacteria in young children].
AB  - Altogether 587 children with diagnosed acute enteric infections were examined. In
      26.4% of them pathogenic enterobacteria were detected, and in 59%, opportunistic
      enterobacteria. In 38.2% of children these bacteria were found to be the
      etiological factor of the disease. A reverse relationship between the
      contamination of feces with pathogenic enterobacteria and the age of children was
      established.

PMID- 3364077
TI  - [Zonal characteristics of the dynamics of viral hepatitis A morbidity over a
      period of many years (based on data from the Ukrainian SSR)].
AB  - The previously established zonal character of the prevalence of viral hepatitis A
      in the Ukraine is a stable epidemiological regularity observed for more than 30
      years (1952-1985). Zonal differences in the dynamics of the epidemic process of
      viral hepatitis A were established. These differences became particularly
      hepatitis manifest in the years of periodic rises in the morbidity rate which is
      also irregular within zonal and regional boundaries. The main typological
      variants of the dynamics of the epidemic process ("urban" and "rural") were
      defined. Typological approach appears to be useful in the provision of
      information necessary for the proper functioning of epidemiological surveillance
      and for taking measures aimed at epidemics control.

PMID- 3364078
TI  - [Characteristics of the cytolysin of Legionella pneumophila].
AB  - A thermolabile cytolysin was purified from liquid culture of L. pneumophila. Its
      homogenicity was determined by the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion and SDS
      electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of cytolysin was ca.
      37 kDa. Analysis of amino acid composition revealed a high proportion of
      aromatic, dicarbonic amino acids, and methionine. The minimal cytolytic
      concentration for CHO cells and erythrocytes was ca. 1 microgram/ml: Purified
      cytolysin in doses of 10-60 micrograms caused haemorrhage and necrosis when
      injected i. c. into guinea pigs.

PMID- 3364079
TI  - [Specific activity of a concentrated, chromatography-purified cultured rabies
      vaccine].
AB  - Animal experiments and trials on humans have shown that purified and concentrated
      chromatographic tissue-culture rabies vaccine is safe and essentially more potent
      than commercial tissue-culture rabies vaccine.

PMID- 3364080
TI  - [Postvaccinal reactions to the administration of a dried staphylococcal vaccine
      made from water-soluble antigens].
AB  - An unequivocal regularity in local and systemic reactions to multiple (in 5
      injections) administration of lyophilized staphylococcal vaccine prepared from
      water-soluble antigens has been established in patients and in healthy adults:
      the number and intensity of reaction decreased after each subsequent injection. A
      similar tendency has been observed in the vaccinees who were examined for their
      IgE levels. These data are indicative of the desensitizing action of the vaccine.

PMID- 3364081
TI  - [Nature of the human immune response to exposure to protein-producing
      microorganisms].
AB  - The influence of the live culture and dried biomass of yeast-like fungi of the
      genus Candida on the characteristics of immune response in 1094 persons exposed
      to different concentrations of these fungi was studied. The subjects developed
      sensitization, manifested by immediate and cellular hypersensitivity reactions,
      as well as by disturbances in T-dependent and humoral immunity. The pattern of
      the detected changes depended on the concentration of the active factors and on
      the systemic condition of the subjects. Live fungal cells showed higher antigenic
      potency and were conducive to the development of allergic symptoms.

PMID- 3364082
TI  - [Effect of exposure to physical loading, hypoxia and hyperthermia on factors of
      the cellular anti-infection protection of the body].
AB  - Examinations of 146 healthy males aged 20-25 years have shown that moderate
      exercise stimulates the function of peripheral macrophages. The same effect is
      produced by exercise in combination with a single exposure to hypoxia. On the
      contrary, combined exposure to exercise, hypoxia and hyperthermia leads to the
      development of a tendency towards the suppression of macrophagal phagocytosis.
      The functional loading of the body induces deep transformation of the structure
      of the correlative characteristics of phagocytosis and hemogram.

PMID- 3364083
TI  - [Fermentation of inositol by bacteria of the genus Salmonella].
AB  - The capacity for the fermentation of inositol varies in different Salmonella
      strains. At the same time this capacity forms the basis for the determination of
      biovars (e. g., in S. typhimurium) and sometimes serves as the only sign for
      distinguishing different Salmonella sero- and biovars (e. g., S. mission and S.
      isangi, etc.). The study of the capacity of wild Salmonella strains for the
      fermentation of inositol has revealed that the fermentation of inositol is
      controlled by chromosomal and, seemingly, plasmid genes. In the latter case the
      possibility of using this sign for the biochemical and epidemiological typing of
      Salmonella strains is questionable.

PMID- 3364084
TI  - [Cytotoxic action of the individual membrane components of Mycoplasma arthritidis
      and M. fermentans on rat lymphocytes].
AB  - Study of the toxic properties of the preparations obtained from M. arthritidis
      has revealed that the cytotoxic activity of M. arthritidis is mainly linked with
      the cytoplasmic membrane and, partially, with the cytoplasmic fraction. The
      membrane substances of M. fermentans and the products of its vital activity are
      toxic with respect to target cells, the component translocated into the culture
      medium consisting of globular proteins. Interaction of the cytoplasmic membranes
      of these Mycoplasma species, as well as of the fractions of M. fermentans
      globular proteins, with rat lymphocytes is accompanied by a cytodestructive
      effect and an increased permeability for toxic dyes.

PMID- 3364085
TI  - [Development and experience in the use of an immunoenzyme test system for
      determining specific antihemolysins in patients with measles].
AB  - To determine the physico-chemical nature of specific antimeasles antihemolysins,
      an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system with the use of stable measles virus
      hemolysing antigen has been developed. The expedient method has been worked out:
      the antigen diluted 1:20 with the initial hemolytic activity in the direct
      hemolysis inhibition test equal to 1:64 and, for its fixation, 0.1 M carbonate
      bicarbonate buffer solution, pH 9.6, are used; the fixation of the antigen is
      carried out at 4 degrees C for 16-20 hours. The final dilution of the serum,
      whose coloration significantly differs from that of the control, is considered to
      be the titer of antimeasles antihemolysins. Specific antihemolysins belonging to
      three classes of immunoglobulins, A, M and G, are synthesized in measles. The
      detection of IgM-antihemolysins in high titers on the first day of rash opens
      prospects for using the newly developed EIA system for the rapid diagnosis of
      measles.

PMID- 3364086
TI  - [Clinico-immunological aspects of using levamisole in psychiatric practice].
AB  - A total of 164 patients with schizophrenia and exogenic-organic psychoses
      resistant to psychotropic therapy were subjected to clinico-immunological
      examination. The inclusion into the multiple-modality therapy of the
      immunomodulator levamisole, besides the general improvement, had a positive
      effect on the psychopathologic symptomatology and helped to reduce a number of
      productive syndromes, deficit abnormalities and attendant extrapyramidal
      manifestations. Changes in immunological parameters showed a favourable course;
      it was expressed in depressed levels of neurosensitization, normalization of the
      concentrations of serum immunoglobulins, share and absolute amounts of T- and B
      lymphocytes and elevation of their functional activity. The corrective effect of
      levamisole on humoral immunity seems to be a significant factor of overcoming
      tolerance to psychopharmacotherapy. The conducted study makes it possible to
      recommend the use of levamisole in the treatment of resistant forms of
      schizophrenia running an unfavourable course, exogenic-organic and other
      psychoses.

PMID- 3364087
TI  - [Free amino acids and the total middle molecule fraction of the blood serum in
      patients with continuously progressive paranoid schizophrenia undergoing
      treatment].
AB  - The authors have investigated the levels of free amino acids and of the total
      fraction of medium molecules in the blood serum of patients with the paranoid
      form of continuously progressive schizophrenia. It has been demonstrated that
      these parameters are different in clinically normal individuals versus
      schizophrenics. The concentrations of free amino acids were the highest in people
      aged 40 to 50 years (Cys, Ala, Lys, Asp, Thr, Tyr, Try, Val, Leu, Ile) being
      considerably lower in individuals aged 50 to 60 years (Cys, Ala, Tyr) and over 60
      years (Lys, His, Asp, Tyr, Try) which corresponds to the highest activity of the
      process in patients aged 40 to 50 years and its stabilization in older age.

PMID- 3364088
TI  - [Psychophysiological characteristics of visual perception in patients with
      schizophrenia during polarization of the occipital and frontal cortices].
AB  - Purposeful change of the functional status of the occipital and frontal cortex in
      relation to distinguishing visual stimuli shows that one of the signs indicative
      of schizophrenia is impairment of the active component of the regulatory
      mechanism of perception mediating the psychological orientation toward the
      recognition of meaningful signals and related to functions of the frontal cortex.
      Analysis of the alterations in the index of importance (serving as a quantitative
      parameter of changes in the psychological orientation in cases of shifts of the
      frontal cortex status) have demonstrated that in schizophrenics, unlike in
      healthy subjects, there is no relationship between changes in the frontal cortex
      potential and regulation of the critical sphere of perception.

PMID- 3364089
TI  - [Regional cerebral blood flow and the infarct volume in obstruction of the
      internal carotid artery in relationship to the source of the collateral
      circulation].
AB  - The cerebral blood flow was examined by means of Obrist's 133Xe-inhalational
      method, cerebral angiography, and computer-aided tomography of the head in 100
      patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The findings obtained
      have revealed a correlation between the level of the compensatory collateral
      blood supply of the bed of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the source of
      collateral blood circulation. The authors have demonstrated the vulnerability of
      the MCA bed secondary to a low level of blood supply persisting despite the
      functioning of all pathways of the collateral circulation.

PMID- 3364090
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of the macro- and microcirculation of patients with
      initial disordered-circulatory arteriosclerotic and hypertensive encephalopathy
      at different ages].
AB  - The article presents clinico-hemodynamic characteristics of 81 patients with
      initial disordered-circulatory atherosclerotic encephalopathy (33 aged 45-59
      years and 48 aged 60-74 years) and of 65 patients with hypertensive
      encephalopathy (32 aged 45-59 years and 33 aged 60-74 years). Fifty-six normal
      subjects served as controls. The findings confirm the role of abnormalities at
      various functional levels of the circulatory system in the pathogenesis of
      cerebral vascular insufficiency at early stages of the disease.

PMID- 3364091
TI  - [Stroke with minimal residual symptoms].
AB  - The authors have investigated 144 patients 58 of whom had a diagnosed stroke with
      minimal residual symptoms and described peculiarities of the pathogenesis of this
      abnormality and the principles of its diagnosis. The expediency of the isolation
      of this form of acute cerebral circulatory impairment is justified.

PMID- 3364092
TI  - [Functional activity of natural killers and lymphocyte antibody-dependent
      cytotoxicity in patients with acute disorders of the cerebral circulation].
AB  - Dynamic examination of 47 patients over the first three weeks after the
      development of ischemic stroke (IS) has revealed a significant decrease in the
      natural killer activity (NKA) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
      (ADCC). A decrease in the NK activity in IS patients appears to be related to
      dyslipoproteinemia, which has been confirmed by the detection of a reverse
      correlation between the values of the NKA and the atherogenicity coefficient,
      while suppression of ADCC in the same patients is explained by the suppressive
      influence of the prostaglandin system, which has been investigated in vitro. The
      elucidation in IS patients of immunopathological phenomena related to impairments
      of the effector component of immunity and of activities of NK- and K-cells
      justifies the inclusion of immunocorrecting drugs into the comprehensive therapy
      of IS.

PMID- 3364093
TI  - [The genesis of early clinical forms of cerebral circulatory failure and the
      effectiveness of different courses of therapeutic measures].
AB  - The authors have examined 214 patients with early clinical forms of cerebral
      circulation insufficiency. It has been established that discirculatory
      encephalopathy (DE) may be formed in two ways. One way is angiogenic and it leads
      to DE through a stage of initial manifestations of cerebral circulation
      insufficiency (IMCCI), the other way is related to the neurovascular nature of
      the disease (vegetovascular dystonia) and may lead to DE, bypassing the stage of
      IMCCI. It is concluded that therapy with vasoactive drugs is the basic therapy
      for patients with an angiogenic origin of the disease whereas in patients with a
      neurovascular genesis of the disease the basic approach is the administration of
      metabolism-correcting drugs.

PMID- 3364095
TI  - [Experience of prognosis and the risk factors of stroke in Novosibirsk].
AB  - On the basis of the data from the registry of cerebral stroke (CS) cases in
      Novosibirsk (covering 937 patients and 314 healthy control subjects) the authors
      have made a mathematical analysis of 19 factors of the risk of disease
      development. Nine factors have been isolated whose varying combinations were most
      contributory to the risk of the development of CS in the studied population:
      cardiac diseases, transient disorder of the cerebral circulation, arterial
      hypertension, atherosclerosis, aggravated heredity for cardiovascular diseases,
      intermittent claudication, diabetes mellitus, systematic alcohol abuse, and
      hypodynamia. The authors have developed a practicable and reliable system for
      predicting the development of cerebral stroke in apparently healthy subjects (the
      accuracy of prediction is 86%).

PMID- 3364094
TI  - [Effectiveness of using cavinton in patients of different ages with chronic forms
      of cerebrovascular diseases (clinico-rheographic research)].
AB  - A total of 171 patients of young, middle, and old age presenting initial
      manifestations of cerebral circulatory insufficiency and early disordered
      circulatory encephalopathy were treated with cavinton. The clinical effect of the
      drug mostly expressed in a considerable decrease of subjective manifestations of
      the disease was fairly high in most patients of different age groups. The most
      pronounced positive shifts (according to REG) of the cerebral hemodynamics upon
      cavinton therapy were observed in young and middle-aged patients. A lower
      efficacy in elderly patients was explained by the fact that there were grave
      organic changes in the cerebral vessels, predominantly in those of small and
      medium caliber. A comprehensive nature of the drug action, as well as the absence
      of any adverse effect on the cerebral hemodynamics recommend cavinton as a drug
      of choice in the treatment of patients with chronic forms of cerebral ischemia,
      including elderly ones. The drug should not be administered to patients over 60
      years of age with marked disorders of cardiac activity.

PMID- 3364096
TI  - [Effectiveness of a stroke prevention program in a high-risk group].
AB  - As a result of screening of males born in 1922-1931 (n = 2435) a group with a
      high risk for stroke development (n = 620) was identified. A total of 430 of
      these patients were followed up for 2 years. At the final stage the authors
      collected data on 80% of the patients who had undergone the primary examination
      and carried out a new screening of age-matched males. The morbidity rate related
      to cerebral stroke was 2.59% in the high risk group and 1.48% in the remaining
      population. The incidence of myocardial infarction in the above two groups was
      5.01% and 1.80% respectively. At the same time 55.9% of new cases of cerebral
      stroke and 44.2% of myocardial infarction occurred in individuals who were not
      included into the high risk group and had an "intermediate" risk of the
      development of these diseases. It is concluded that the problem of combating
      cerebral stroke cannot be solved by putting emphasis exclusively on prevention in
      high risk groups and that it should be combined with wide-scale prophylactic work
      among the population.

PMID- 3364097
TI  - [Clinical and pathogenetic problems of a minor stroke in arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The authors have studied clinical manifestations in 47 patients with cerebral
      stroke in whom neurological symptomatology completely regressed within 1-21 days.
      The underlying disease in all patients was atherosclerosis. Impairment of the
      blood circulation most often involved the carotid bed. Comparison of the findings
      provided by angiography and computerized tomography conducted in patients with
      minor stroke, patients with transient impairments of the cerebral circulation,
      and those with stroke characterized by stable neurological deficiency revealed
      definite differences between the groups. Certain questions related to the
      pathogenesis of minor stroke in patients with atherosclerosis are discussed.

PMID- 3364098
TI  - [Methods of increasing the effectiveness of pulsed heat in cerebrovascular
      failure and sleep disorders].
AB  - During prolonged sessions of pulsed heat (PH) carried out according to the
      earlier designed technique the authors also recorded on a continuous basis the
      polyelectrogram of sleep and parameters of the temperature topography of the
      body. The findings have shown a biphasic nature of the reaction, as well as
      correlation between the dynamics of the level of awakening and the parameters of
      the body. Impact of PH on the basic (nasolabial) and additional zones has been
      found to be fairly effective. The results of two series of studies have
      demonstrated that incorporation into the therapy of additional zones can augment
      both soporific effects of PH and its beneficial impact on the cerebral
      circulation. The data obtained, apart from being of practical significance, have
      a theoretical importance since they contribute to the better understanding of the
      physiological mechanisms of PH.

PMID- 3364099
TI  - [Comparative clinico-genealogical analysis of slowly progressive schizophrenia
      and hysterical-type psychopathy].
AB  - A genetic correlational analysis of two variants of slowly progressive
      schizophrenia (SPS) (hysterical schizophrenia--70 families, paranoid
      schizophrenia--40 families) and hysterical psychopathy (30 families) has
      demonstrated that there is a definite genetic heterogeneity between nosologically
      heterogeneous hysterical manifestations in SPS and constitutional psychopathy
      which reflects the influence of the general constitutional "axis" in systems of
      genetic determination of these forms. At the same time no significant genetic
      correlations (according to hysterical predisposition) have been found between the
      above forms and the paranoid variant of SPS. The results corroborate the
      hypothesis about a multiaxial structure of hereditary predisposition in SPS.

PMID- 3364100
TI  - [Psychopathology and the clinical picture of adynamic depressions in the course
      of schizophrenia].
AB  - Fifty-six patients with attack-type and attack-type progressive schizophrenia
      with manifestations of adynamic depression have been examined. On the basis of
      the findings obtained three types of the psychopathological structure of the
      given variant of the depressive syndrome (ideational, motor and mixed) have been
      identified. Some characteristics of clinical manifestations and the course of
      schizophrenia running with adynamic depressive states have been discovered.

PMID- 3364101
TI  - [Clinico-social prognosis of long-term remissions in paroxysmal schizophrenia].
AB  - The author has carried out blanket examination of outpatients with attack-type
      schizophrenia characterized by prolonged remissions. Peculiarities of social
      adaptation are considered with regard to the clinical picture and dynamics of
      remission states. Characteristics of prolonged, interrupted and stable remissions
      are compared. A number of factors associated with a possible development of long
      term recurrences have been ascertained.

PMID- 3364102
TI  - [Comparative clinical, social and work characteristics of patients with
      schizoaffective variants of schizophrenia].
AB  - On the basis of clinico-epidemiological, clinico-dynamic and clinico-catamnestic
      study of 184 patients with schizoaffective variants of schizophrenia (cyclothymia
      like, affective-paranoid, hallucinatory-delirious, and with catatonic
      symptomatology) the authors come to the conclusion on the relative homogeneity of
      this cohort of patients and on the considerably frequent favourable outcomes of
      this disease. The variants of the disease and structure of remissions of each of
      the clinical variants have been compared. Assessment of inter-attack clinical
      characteristics and the degree of social and occupational adaptation has made it
      possible to divide the patients into 3 groups differing by adaptational
      parameters. The results obtained may be used in the development of the system of
      rehabilitative measures in any of the aforesaid variants of schizophrenia.

PMID- 3364103
TI  - [Affective disorders in patients with paroxysmally progressive schizophrenia in a
      psychotraumatic situation].
AB  - Affective disorders associated with a psycho-traumatizing situation have been
      studied in 82 patients with attack-type progressive schizophrenia undergoing
      inpatient forensic psychiatric examination at the All-Union Research Institute of
      General and Forensic Psychiatry. The results have shown that patients with attack
      type progressive schizophrenia present in this situation affective disorders
      varying in depth and clinical characteristics which mask endogenic symptomatology
      and hinder forensic psychiatric assessment of these states in some cases. The
      following abnormalities have been defined as a result of the study: reactive
      conditions (psychogenic affective responses and reactive psychoses), psychogenic
      exacerbations of schizophrenia with such predominant clinical manifestations as
      affective disorders and attacks of schizophrenia taking the course of phase
      affective conditions.

PMID- 3364104
TI  - [Clinical picture, differential diagnosis and forensic psychiatric assessment of
      the delirious variant of the Kandinskii-Clerambault syndrome in patients with
      schizophrenia].
AB  - Using clinico-psychopathological methods of examination the authors studied 93
      schizophrenics with a delirious variant of the Kandinsky-Clerambaut syndrome who
      had committed violent antisocial actions (VAA). It has been ascertained that
      peculiarities of the clinical course at the time when the VAA was committed
      reflect the stages of the development of the syndrome: the initial stage, the
      stage of delirious personification of psychic automatisms and the stage of
      involution of the delirious variant of the Kandinsky-Clerambaut syndrome. It has
      been established that the more acute the psychosis the higher the significance in
      the psychopathological mechanisms of VAA of clinical manifestations of the
      syndrome and lower the role of social and personality factors.

PMID- 3364105
TI  - [Characteristics of the debut of exogenously exacerbated paranoid schizophrenia
      studied by systems analysis].
AB  - As a result of a psychopathological total systems analysis of the debut of
      exogenously aggravated and nonaggravated paranoid schizophrenia the authors have
      revealed a significant interrelationship allowing the characterization of both
      general regularities of the "background" effect and individual characteristics
      secondary to a concrete nature of exogenous impact. Certain peculiarities of the
      clinical picture and course of exogenously-aggravated paranoid schizophrenia have
      been identified which may be important for its early differential diagnosis,
      adequate therapy and prognosis. The authors emphasize the efficacy of the use of
      a total systems analytical approach to investigating the multifactorial
      psychopathologic interrelationships.

PMID- 3364106
TI  - [Pathogenetic aspects of ischemic strokes].
AB  - The article presents data on total calibrometry of the vascular bed of the brain
      in 26 patients who had died of ischemic cerebral stroke. All patients with
      nonthrombotic ischemic cerebral stroke showed a considerable decrease in the
      total lumen of the cerebrovascular bed on the side of the ischemic focus with a
      significant increase in the coefficient of hemispherical asymmetry. In most cases
      impoverishment of the hemodynamics was related not to occlusive or gross
      stenosing process of one of the major vessels but rather to nonmanifest narrowing
      of several vessels in the hemisphere on the involved side. The coefficient of
      asymmetry in patients with thrombotic cerebral stroke was the minimal which is
      explained by the fact that even complete thrombosis of one vessel has no serious
      effect on the total lumen of the vascular bed of the brain. The findings obtained
      confirm the theory of the involvement of cerebrovascular insufficiency in the
      genesis of ischemic cerebral strokes as the main pathogenic component in acute
      disorders of the cerebral circulation.

PMID- 3364107
TI  - [Clinico-epidemiological research on the disturbed social and work adaptation of
      patients with schizophrenia living in a rural locale].
AB  - In a random group of rural schizophrenic patients living in some areas of
      Vinnitsa Province (n = 812) the authors studied the degree of social and
      occupational disadaptation of patients with various patterns of the disease
      course. The article presents data characterizing the level of maladaptive effect
      of the schizophrenic process in a rural population of patients. The authors
      consider (using the criteria of working ability and marital status) the
      dependence of disrupted social and occupational adaptation of patients on a
      number of clinical (pattern and degree of process progression) and social
      (professional training before the disease, educational and marital status)
      factors.

PMID- 3364108
TI  - [Surgical treatment of suprasellar cerebrospinal fluid cysts].
AB  - The authors discuss 18 child patients with suprasellar cysts containing
      cerebrospinal fluid; 16 of them were operated on. The following types of
      interventions were performed: ventriculocisternostomy, ventriculoatriostomy,
      excision of the cystic walls through a transventricular-transcortical, combined
      subfrontal and transcallosal, and only a subfrontal approaches; shunting
      operations--cystoatriostomy and cystoperitoneostomy. Excision of the walls of the
      cyst is preferable.

PMID- 3364109
TI  - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of brain abscesses in children].
AB  - The findings of computed tomography in 27 children aged from 4 months to 15 years
      with abscesses of the brain are analysed. Computed tomography proved to be an
      informative diagnostic method in determining the exact topography, size, and
      shape of the abscess. It allows judgement of the efficacy of nonoperative and
      surgical management of abscesses.

PMID- 3364110
TI  - [Visual evoked potentials in children with gliomas of the optic nerve and
      chiasm].
AB  - Marked changes of visual evoked potentials (VEP) were revealed in patients with
      gliomas of the optic nerves and chiasm in preserved visual acuity of one eye. The
      more caudal the spread of the tumor, the more manifest were the prolongation of
      the peak latencies of the main VEP components, the diminution of their amplitude,
      and the change of the relation of the signal to the noise. It is shown that VEP
      examination together with analysis of the ophthalmological picture may facilitate
      the differential diagnosis of glioma of the optic nerves and chiasm from
      inflammatory processes and suprasellar tumors.

PMID- 3364111
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of surgical methods for treating brain abscesses].
AB  - Data on the treatment of 69 patients with cerebral abscesses is discussed.
      Surgery was applied on 22 patients, the abscess was removed radically with the
      capsule. The best results were produced in removal of superficially located
      abscesses, in deep location the capsule was usually ruptured during its
      separation and severe inflammatory complications developed in the postoperative
      period and led to a fatal outcome in 50% of cases. The results were optimum when
      the seat of the abscess was drained by an inflow-outflow system and irrigated by
      antiseptic and antibiotic solutions, and also in treatment by the puncture method
      (31 patients).

PMID- 3364112
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of brain contusions in patients with arterial
      hypertension].
AB  - From comparative analysis of 408 cases of brain contusion it is shown that
      arterial hypertension influences, essentially at times, the informativeness of
      some diagnostic indices. The sequence of the therapeutic measures in patients
      with arterial hypertension is determined by the trend of the secondary reactions
      of the brain to the contusion: the hemorrhagic type of vascular disorders in the
      first hours and days after the trauma and subsequently by secondary (mainly
      ischemic type) cerebral circulatory disorders.

PMID- 3364113
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of radiculomedullary disorders in hematogenic
      osteomyelitis of the spine].
AB  - Radiculomedullary disorders were detected in 42 of 112 patients with hematogenic
      osteomyelitis of the spine. Cerebrospinal dynamic tests, pneumomyelotomography,
      and venospondylography were used for establishing the diagnosis of spinal cord
      compression. Reconstructive surgery of the spine included interventions on the
      vertebral bodies, vertebral canal, and meninges of the spinal cord. With the use
      of the elaborated methods satisfactory results of treatment were produced in 38
      patients with hematogenic osteomyelitis of the spine and radiculomedullary
      disorders.

PMID- 3364114
TI  - [Changes in the peripheral nerves in traction injuries].
AB  - The functional and structural changes in a nerve with various degree of
      stretching were studied by complex examination of 126 animals by means of
      neurophysiological and neurohistological methods. The character of changes in a
      nerve in traction trauma was found to be dependent on the degree of its
      stretching and the individual features of its external and intertruncal
      structure. A correlation between the type of changes and the size of nerve
      distraction was encountered.

PMID- 3364115
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma with a long-term clear interval in a child].

PMID- 3364116
TI  - [A balloon for preventing recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages].

PMID- 3364118
TI  - Endogenous synthesis of taurine and GABA in rat ocular tissues.
AB  - The endogenous production of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat
      ocular tissues was investigated. The activities of taurine-producing enzyme,
      cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), and GABA-synthesizing enzyme,
      glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), were observed in the retina, lens, iris
      ciliary body and cornea. The highest specific activity of CSAD was in the cornea
      and that of GAD in the retina. The discrepancy between CSAD activity and taurine
      content within the ocular tissues indicates that intra- or extraocular transport
      processes may regulate the concentration of taurine in the rat eye. The GAD
      activity and the content of GABA were distributed in parallel within the rat
      ocular tissues. The quantitative results suggest that the GAD/GABA system has
      functional significance only in the retina of the rat eye.

PMID- 3364117
TI  - [A modification of craniotomy in craniostenosis].

PMID- 3364119
TI  - Electrochemical reduction of a 5H-2,3-benzodiazepine.

PMID- 3364120
TI  - Quantitative analysis of emepronium bromide by demethylation and selected ion
      monitoring GC/MS.

PMID- 3364121
TI  - [Ligation of the splenic artery in experimental hemorrhage from an injured
      spleen].

PMID- 3364122
TI  - [Long-term results of the Colonna plasty operation].

PMID- 3364123
TI  - [Shortening the femoral bone at the proximal metaphysis--surgical results].

PMID- 3364124
TI  - [Combination of 3 approaches in surgery of the cervical spine].

PMID- 3364125
TI  - [Repositioning an olisthic L5 with posterior instrumentation].

PMID- 3364126
TI  - [Results of a follow-up of untreated and inadequately treated congenital spinal
      deformities].

PMID- 3364127
TI  - [Errors in the treatment of injuries of the upper extremities and their
      orthopedic reconstruction].

PMID- 3364128
TI  - [15 years' personal experience with fractures of the proximal end of the femoral
      bone with emphasis on aged and high-risk patients].

PMID- 3364129
TI  - [Late results of the treatment of fractures in the talar region].

PMID- 3364130
TI  - [Spondylitic paraplegia and its treatment with anterolateral decompression].

PMID- 3364131
TI  - [Anesthesia of the brachial plexus using the axillary approach in orthopedic
      patients].

PMID- 3364132
TI  - [Osteochondroma of the cervical spine--a surprising finding in a traumatic lesion
      of the spinal cord].

PMID- 3364133
TI  - [Significance of the Milwaukee corset in the treatment of congenital deformities
      of the spine].

PMID- 3364134
TI  - [Tendinosis calcarea--progression after NaF treatment of osteoporosis. Case
      report].

PMID- 3364135
TI  - Collagenous colitis. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

PMID- 3364136
TI  - Tuberculous Addison's disease and primary hyperparathyroidism: an unusual
      combination.

PMID- 3364137
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Belgium].

PMID- 3364138
TI  - Roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult: frequency
      of atypical findings.

PMID- 3364139
TI  - [Still's disease of adults. A review of 19 cases. Comparison with 25 cases of
      juvenile Still's disease. Its role in fever of unknown origin].

PMID- 3364140
TI  - How should we evaluate infertility in men and in women.

PMID- 3364142
TI  - [Proceedings of the 50th general meeting of the Japan Hematological Society.
      Kyoto, April 7, 8 and 9, 1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3364141
TI  - Drugs recently released in Belgium. Sulbactam/ampicillin--cetirizine.

PMID- 3364143
TI  - Barbiturate anaesthesia does not cause pulmonary densities in dogs: a study using
      computerized axial tomography.
AB  - The occurrence of roentgenological densities in dependent lung regions was
      studied in 28 mongrel dogs (mean weight 18.7 kg) during barbiturate anaesthesia
      and mechanical ventilation. The densities were analysed by means of computerized
      tomography, permitting transaxial projections of the thorax. Two dogs showed
      small densities in dependent lung regions, corresponding to 1% of the total
      intrathoracic area. In five dogs there were small areas of probably increased
      density, without sharp delineation, in dependent regions. The remaining 21 dogs
      (75%) exhibited no densities. The frequency of such densities was thus much lower
      than has been found in anaesthetized human subjects. Moreover, the densities were
      relatively smaller than those in man and qualitatively different. It is concluded
      that the development of dependent lung densities differs both quantitatively and
      qualitatively between dogs and human subjects.

PMID- 3364144
TI  - Thoracic epidural anaesthesia decreases the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias
      during acute myocardial ischaemia in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of high thoracic
      epidural anaesthesia (TEA) on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias after
      ligation of the left coronary artery in chloralose-anaesthetized rats. Forty
      animals were randomly assigned to receive either 40-50 microliter of bupivacaine
      (5 mg/ml) or saline in implanted thoracic epidural catheters. TEA decreased mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) from 118 +/- 5 mmHg to 72 +/- 4 mmHg and heart rate (HR)
      from 450 +/- 9 to 387 +/- 8 beats/min, while epidural saline did not affect MAP
      and HR. In both groups coronary artery ligation induced a transient decrease in
      MAP within the first 5-10 min after ligation. In the control group HR increased,
      during the 30-min post-ligation period, from 453 +/- 9 to 474 +/- 10 beats/min (P
      less than 0.05) while no significant change was seen in the TEA group. In both
      groups the mortality rate was 10%. In the TEA group 30% and in the control group
      0% had normal sinus rhythm during the recording period (P less than 0.001). The
      incidence of ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia was significantly lower
      (P less than 0.05) in the TEA group (20%) compared to the control group (53%).
      The incidence of ventricular extrasystoles did not differ between the two groups.
      We conclude that TEA-induced blockade of sympathetic afferents and efferents may
      offer protection against malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the early phase of
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3364145
TI  - Effects of isoflurane on myocardial metabolism during postischaemic reperfusion
      in the rat.
AB  - In experiments on isolated rat heart lung preparation, the effects of isoflurane
      on myocardial metabolism during postischaemic reperfusion were evaluated with
      intramyocardial high energy phosphates, lactate and glycogen. Hearts were
      perfused for 10 min initially and made globally ischaemic for 8 min in ischaemic
      groups. Afterwards, they were reperfused for 12 min. Isoflurane was administered
      from 5 min after the start of perfusion to the end of reperfusion. There was no
      significant difference in myocardial lactate levels between ischaemic isoflurane
      and control groups. However, the ATP level in the hearts in the ischaemic
      isoflurane group was significantly higher than that in the ischaemic control
      group (17.96 +/- 1.31 vs 15.50 +/- 0.87; P less than 0.005). The administration
      of isoflurane to the isolated rat heart during pre- and post-ischaemia enhanced
      metabolic recovery in the postischaemic state.

PMID- 3364146
TI  - Increased lethality and delay in the recovery of hemopoietic stem cells after
      irradiation in mice exposed to nitrous oxide.
AB  - Effects of N2O-exposure on the survival rate and growth kinetics of hemopoietic
      stem cells after irradiation were investigated. LD 50, 30 days after irradiation,
      was 300 rad for N2O exposed mice and over 550 rad for control mice. Recovery of
      the pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) and granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells (GM-CFC) was significantly delayed in the spleen of N2O-exposed
      mice after 150 rad irradiation, compared to that of control mice. However, in
      bone marrow, there was a significant but slight difference in the recovery of GM
      CFC and no significant difference in the recovery of CFU-S between the two
      groups. These results suggest that N2O augments the damage of splenic hemopoiesis
      in irradiated mice, and this may be responsible for the increased hemopoietic
      death.

PMID- 3364147
TI  - Ventilation and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide during caudal anaesthesia
      with lidocaine or bupivacaine in sedated children.
AB  - Resting ventilation, arterial blood-gas tensions and the ventilatory response to
      carbon dioxide were measured in sedated children before and after caudal
      anaesthesia using 10 mg.kg-1 of 1.5% lidocaine or 3.3 mg.kg-1 of 0.5%
      bupivacaine. Expired minute volume decreased slightly after both caudal blocks
      but end-tidal Pco2 increased slightly after caudal block with lidocaine. No
      clinical changes in Paco2 and Pao2 were observed in either group. The slope of
      the CO2 response curves increased significantly after both caudal blocks. The
      mean plasma levels of lidocaine and bupivacaine were 3.95 +/- 0.64 (s.d.) and
      1.33 +/- 0.29 micrograms.ml-1, respectively. These results indicate that the
      ventilatory response to hypercapnia is markedly improved by the two caudal
      blocks, but resting ventilation is slightly impaired by caudal block with
      lidocaine, and from the aspect of pulmonary ventilation bupivacaine is better
      than lidocaine for caudal anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364148
TI  - Cardiac function and sympathoadrenal activity in the newborn after cesarean
      section under spinal and epidural anesthesia.
AB  - Left ventricular systolic time intervals, bupivacaine concentrations, adrenaline
      and noradrenaline levels were determined in 19 neonates delivered by elective
      cesarean section. Ten of the cesarean sections were performed under spinal and
      nine under epidural anesthesia. Plain bupivacaine 0.5% was used for the epidural
      anesthesia and bupivacaine 0.5% in glucose 8% for the spinals. The noradrenaline
      and adrenaline levels were higher in the neonates whose mothers received epidural
      anesthesia. The differences in catecholamine and bupivacaine concentrations were
      not associated with differences in left ventricular dynamics, or the timing of
      postnatal circulatory changes. The significant exposure of the neonate to
      bupivacaine, at maternal epidural anesthesia, seems to have no negative effect on
      early neonatal circulation in the healthy term infant.

PMID- 3364149
TI  - The acceleration transducer--an assessment of its precision in comparison with a
      force displacement transducer.
AB  - A new and simple acceleration transducer (ACT)-based system of neuromuscular
      monitoring has recently been introduced. The precision of this transducer has
      been evaluated as compared to a conventional force displacement transducer (FDT)
      in the present study. Ten progressions of spontaneous recovery from atracurium
      induced block with simultaneous measurements using the ACT on one hand and the
      FDT on the other were studied. Five individuals undergoing elective surgery in
      modified neurolept anaesthesia and one ICU-patient requiring prolonged
      neuromuscular blockade, sedated with pentobarbital, were included. Measurements
      were carried out on the latter patient on 5 consecutive days. Train-of-four (TOF)
      stimulation was used, readings were given in twitch heights (TH) (T1/control
      value), and when four responses were obtained in TOF-ratios (T4/T1). Linearity
      was achieved after logit-transformation and the values regressed on time for each
      progression of recovery. Analysis of variance was applied to the regressions for
      the TH and TOF-ratio readings of each transducer. No significant differences were
      found, either between variation due to differences between slopes or variation
      due to technical error between the two transducers. The study indicates that the
      ACT is equal to the FDT with regard to precision in clinical recordings on
      atracurium-relaxed individuals.

PMID- 3364150
TI  - Clinical experience of long-term treatment with epidural and intrathecal opioids-
      a nationwide survey.
AB  - Long-term use of spinal opioids to treat chronic severe pain is widely
      established. However, the indications, shortcomings and complications of the
      method have not been completely described. Experience with spinal opioids was
      analysed for the period 1979-1984 in a nationwide Swedish survey. Out of 93
      anaesthesia departments, 69 used the method. Approximately 750 patients were
      treated with epidural morphine for an average duration of 124 days (3-450).
      Eighteen patients were treated with intrathecal morphine for an average period
      for 47 days (3-90). The intrathecal approach was used in all clinics because of
      failure of the epidural route. In only one department was the intrathecal
      approach used as the primary route of therapy, depending on the mechanism of
      pain. The highest daily morphine dose was 480 mg and 50 mg for epidural and
      intrathecal routes, respectively. The patients given the highest dosages were not
      necessarily those subjected to the longest treatment. The need for increased
      dosage seems to be related not only to changes in receptor sensitivity but also
      to changes in pain mechanisms. No case of threatening ventilatory depression was
      reported. Thirty-two departments had treated a few patients with chronic non
      cancer pain conditions. Initial results were considered "excellent" in 11
      departments, but at follow-up results were excellent in only one department. In
      addition to dislocation, occlusion of the catheters or leakage, injection pain
      was an obstacle to successful treatment. Pruritus urinary retention, and local
      infections were not reported as significant problems, but one case of meningitis
      was reported.

PMID- 3364151
TI  - Half-life of plasma cholinesterase.
AB  - The half-life of plasma cholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase EC 3.1.1.8) was
      determined in three patients homozygous for the atypical gene for plasma
      cholinesterase by measuring the rate of disappearance of enzyme activity
      following intravenous injection of concentrated human cholinesterase. Half-life
      values of 10.9, 11.1, and 11.3 days were estimated. The distribution volume was
      estimated to be 18.0, 18.2, and 13.8% of body weight, respectively.

PMID- 3364152
TI  - Pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy: studies on free radical
      metabolism in an animal model.
AB  - Evidence to suggest the presence of abnormal metabolism of oxygen free radicals
      in progressive muscular dystrophy is presented using an animal model. In the
      superficial pectoral muscles of dystrophic chickens, enzyme activities regulating
      the metabolism of oxygen free radicals, i.e., catalase, superoxide dismutases and
      glutathione peroxidase, were significantly elevated within 1 week of hatching.
      Activities of related enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also elevated. In contrast,
      the specific activity of phosphofructokinase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the
      glycolytic pathway, was normal during the first 4-week period. These results
      suggest that there is an increased turnover of oxygen free radicals in the
      dystrophic muscle. This concept appears important in a further investigation of
      the pathogenesis and treatment of progressive muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 3364153
TI  - Fat infiltration, atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles demonstrated by X
      ray computed tomography in neurological patients.
AB  - Since 1982, we have used X-ray computed tomography (CT) to study the skeletal
      muscles of neurological patients. We present here the findings in 23 patients
      with myogenic and 29 patients with neurogenic diseases. The method is convenient
      to demonstrate fat infiltration, atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles, but
      is of little help in differentiating between the 2 disease categories or
      individual diagnoses. The maximal isometric voluntary force of m. quadriceps
      femoris was measured in 13 of the patients with neurogenic, and in 10 of the
      patients with myogenic diseases. The power was compared with the cross-sectional
      area and the structural changes observed in the parenchyme of the muscles in the
      CT scans. A positive correlation was found between the size and the force of the
      muscle in both patient groups. The appearance of the muscular parenchyme was of
      little help to predict its function.

PMID- 3364154
TI  - Local sites of low accommodation of peripheral motor axons and the pathogenesis
      of fasciculation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - There is no generalized disturbance of accommodation of peripheral motor axons in
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Local sites of reduced accommodation are found
      proximally and distally with apparent correlation to spontaneous fasciculation.
      The possible mechanism of fasciculation provoked by acetylcholine is discussed
      and it is suggested that the local sites of low accommodation represent nodal
      sprouts with growth cones in extra-muscular as well as intra-muscular parts of
      peripheral motor axons.

PMID- 3364155
TI  - Chronic progressive myelopathy: its relation to the spinal progressive form of
      multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The causes and clinical features of chronic progressive myelopathy (CPM) were
      evaluated in a retrospective study of 107 patients. A special emphasis was put on
      those in whom no underlying cause for the myelopathy could be determined. Of 76
      such, 39 (51%) had oligoclonal immunoglobulins (Ig) in the CSF and were therefore
      considered as possible MS, while the remainder, without oligoclonal Ig, were
      designated "myelopathy of unknown origin" (MUO). Our "possible MS" group was
      similar clinically to reported series of proven spinal MS, and it seems
      therefore, that the presence of oligoclonal Ig permits the recognition of a group
      of patients with myelopathy who might be at a greater risk for MS. Patients with
      MUO differed from possible MS patients in several clinical characteristics, but
      most significantly in disease course and levels of functional disability which
      were more benign in the former. Myelopathy in possible MS patients was also of a
      primary pyramidal and asymmetrical nature. It is therefore suggested that the
      segregation of patients with CPM of undetermined origin into 2 separate groups
      based on the presence or absence of oligoclonal Ig might be of prognostic
      significance.

PMID- 3364156
TI  - Clinical course and prognosis of pseudotumor cerebri. A prospective study of 24
      patients.
AB  - In a prospective study, 24 consecutive patients with pseudotumor cerebri were
      followed for an average of 49 months with regular neurologic and ophthalmologic
      examinations. At the first examination the intracranial pressure was between 18
      and 45 mm Hg; several patients had pressure waves up to 70 mm Hg and decreased
      conductance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow. In the majority, medical treatment,
      usually with diuretics and acetazolamide, induced a rapid relief of symptoms, but
      about 25% had a more protracted disease course with persistent headache, asthenia
      and memory disturbances interfering with daily life. Five patients required a
      shunt operation. Chronic changes of the optic disc developed in nearly half the
      patients, and one had optic atrophy and severe visual impairment. Repeated
      measurements of the intracranial pressure and conductance to cerebrospinal fluid
      outflow showed that abnormalities can persist for a long time, even in cases
      without symptoms of intracranial hypertension.

PMID- 3364157
TI  - Hydrocephalus following prenatal methylmercury poisoning.
AB  - Prenatal methylmercury poisoning of C57BL/6J mice was followed by the development
      of communicating hydrocephalus in 15% to 25% of surviving offspring. Although
      examination of the serially sectioned cerebral aqueduct in hydrocephalic animals
      revealed the presence of stenosis, complete occlusion of the lumen was not
      observed. The ependymal epithelium of the cerebral aqueduct was preserved, and
      there was no evidence of periaqueductal inflammation or reactive gliosis. Edema
      and vacuolar change were, however, observed subependymally. The cerebral white
      matter, which bore the brunt of the degenerative changes seen in hydrocephalic
      brains, showed edema, spongy degeneration, gross cystic change and loss of
      parenchyma. In addition, ependymal cells and choroid plexus epithelial cells in
      Hg-treated animals contained large amounts of mercury within their cytoplasm, and
      it is possible that this may have contributed to the development of hydrocephalus
      by causing disturbances of CSF homeostasis. We believe that the appearance of
      aqueductal stenosis in Hg-intoxicated animals represents the result rather than
      the cause of the hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3364158
TI  - Quantitation of Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblast-like cells after
      experimental nerve trauma.
AB  - Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblast-like cells were quantitated for 30 weeks
      in both nonregenerating and freely regenerating, transected rat sciatic nerve.
      Immunocytochemical recognition of S-100 protein was used as a marker for Schwann
      cells and other immunocytochemical and histological methods in the
      differentiation of S-100 protein-negative endoneurial cells in cross sections of
      the distal stump 10 mm distal to the site of transection. A marked increase in
      the total number of cells was observed during the first 4 weeks after the injury
      in both operative groups. The quantitative relationships between cell populations
      remained essentially the same as in normal nerves, although the proliferation of
      the S-100 protein-negative cell population was proportionately slightly stronger
      when compared to the number of these cells in normal nerves. After the initial
      proliferation, a gradual decrease occurred in the total number of cells per cross
      section. This was most marked in the non-regenerating nerves, whereas in the
      regenerating nerves the decrease in cell number ceased at 16 weeks. The number of
      Schwann cells was 3.5 times as high as in the control nerves in this phase. The
      method used in the present study is less laborious than morphometry employing
      electron microscopy. Furthermore, electron microscopic characteristics of
      endoneurial cells are not always reliable after nerve trauma, because normal
      anatomical relationships have become disturbed. This study demonstrates that S
      100 protein immunocytochemistry is useful in the study of traumatic lesions of
      peripheral nerve.

PMID- 3364159
TI  - Lewy bodies are ubiquitinated. A light and electron microscopic
      immunocytochemical study.
AB  - The nature of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the brain stem and cerebral cortex in five
      cases of diffuse Lewy body disease and one case of Parkinson's disease with
      dementia were investigated immunocytochemically with various antibodies to
      cytoskeletal proteins, paired helical filaments (PHF) and ubiquitin. Antibodies
      to 200-kDa component of neurofilament, tau and PHF showed no significant
      reactions with most of LBs. Antibodies to high-molecular weight microtubule
      associated proteins (HMWMAPs) moderately stained the periphery of a few of LBs. A
      monoclonal antibody to PHF (DF2) which recognizes ubiquitin, and polyclonal
      antibodies to ubiquitin immunostained virtually all of the typical and cortical
      LBs as intensely as Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque
      neurites: the periphery of LBs was darkly stained, whereas the central core of
      typical LBs and central zone of cortical LBs were less intensely stained or
      remained unstained. Immunoelectron microscopy of the LBs with DF2 revealed that
      immune reaction products were located on the filaments exclusively in the
      periphery of LBs, but not on those in the center. These findings suggest that
      both types of LBs are immunocytochemically indistinguishable despite some
      structural differences, and that peripherally located filaments in LBs are tagged
      with ubiquitin, an element required for the ATP-dependent proteolysis system in
      the cell. Antibodies to ubiquitin are the most useful marker of LBs ever known.

PMID- 3364160
TI  - The nature and timing of excitotoxic neuronal necrosis in the cerebral cortex,
      hippocampus and thalamus due to flurothyl-induced status epilepticus.
AB  - Flurothyl-induced status epilepticus was studied by light and electron microscopy
      (LM, EM) to determine the time course and structural features of neuronal
      necrosis in the vulnerable brain regions in epilepsy. The cerebral cortex,
      hippocampus and thalamus were examined after closely spaced recovery periods of
      up to 1 week. The results showed that acidophilic neurons appeared simultaneously
      in neurons of the neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, and that this occurred
      within 1 h following the end of the epilepsy. The corresponding features of
      acidophilic neurons by EM were mitochondrial flocculent densities and large
      discontinuities in cell and nuclear membranes. Dark neurons were ubiquitous
      during the epilepsy, but recovered almost universally. A few dark neuronal forms
      persisted and underwent cytorrhexis after 12-h recovery or longer. Axon-sparing
      dendritic lesions characteristic of excitotoxic neuronal death were found in the
      neuropil of the neocortex, and in both vulnerable CA1 and resistant CA3 neurons
      of the hippocampus. Other than acute edema, glial changes were absent. The
      findings support an excitotoxic mechanism in epilepsy-induced selective neuronal
      necrosis also in brain regions outside the hippocampus, and contrast with
      previous reports in ischemia and hypoglycemia in that neuronal necrosis occurs
      virtually immediately after an epileptic insult. No "maturation" of cell damage,
      as described in ischemia, was seen. Furthermore, even exceedingly dark neuronal
      forms and massive dendritic swelling must be considered sub-lethal or prelethal
      cellular changes. Lethal cellular changes include acidophilia by LM, cell
      membrane breaks, and mitochondrial flocculent densities by EM.

PMID- 3364161
TI  - Reactions of vessel walls and brain parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher
      cells in the Norrbottnian type (type III) of Gaucher disease.
AB  - Splenectomy in children with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease is followed
      by increased blood levels of glucosylceramide and impaired neurological and
      mental status. High blood levels are associated with an increased accumulation of
      glucosylceramide in perivascular Gaucher cells in the brain compared to non
      splenectomised cases. Surrounding the Gaucher cell infiltrates there is loss of
      neurons and slight demyelination in the brain parenchyma. The brains of four
      cases with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease were examined by
      immunohistochemical stains in an attempt to further characterize the perivascular
      Gaucher cells and to examine the reactions of the vessel walls and brain
      parenchyma to the accumulation of Gaucher cells. The perivascular storage cells
      showed granular staining with antibodies to muramidase and alpha 1-anti
      chymotrypsin confirming that they are blood-derived macrophages belonging to the
      monocyte-macrophage system. The Gaucher cells contained material positive for
      antisera to plasma proteins strongly suggesting that large molecules (including
      glucosylceramide) can escape from the blood and be taken up by the macrophages in
      Gaucher disease. The storage cells were surrounded by a reticulin network stained
      by antisera to collagen type III, type IV and laminin. The infiltrates were
      bounded from the brain parenchyma by a membrane strongly positive with antiserum
      for the basal lamina protein collagen type IV and laminin. The formation of a
      basal lamina around the Gaucher cell cuffs probably constitutes a protective
      phenomenon governing the brain parenchyma against the foreign cells. A focal loss
      of neurons but only minor loss of axons could be demonstrated with the antiserum
      to neurofilament.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364162
TI  - Pathological and pathogenetic changes in the central nervous system of guinea
      pigs given tunicamycin.
AB  - Guinea pigs were injected with tunicamycin and the sequential morphological
      alterations in the brain examined to investigate further the pathogenesis of
      cerebral lesions in this experimental model of annual ryegrass toxicity, a
      central nervous system disease of livestock caused by members of the tunicamycin
      group of antibiotics. Brain damage was most commonly observed in the cerebellum,
      and the important alterations in the development of degenerative parenchymal
      lesions appeared to be largely referrable to changes in small blood vessels.
      Endothelial damage, with increased vascular permeability, resulted in capillary
      obstruction leading to localised ischaemia and hypoxic neuronal damage. There was
      evidence for several possible mechanisms which may have contributed to vascular
      occlusion.

PMID- 3364163
TI  - Unilateral intraocular lens. Matching brightness and colour perception against
      the phakic healthy fellow eye.
AB  - A combination of yellow and neutral filters was placed in front of an eye with
      IOL in order to find a colour and brightness match with the healthy phakic fellow
      eye. A Munsell standard blue pigment colour target was used as a test. Nine
      persons with a unilateral IOL were examined. The yellow Schott filter GG 420 was
      chosen by 2 observers, GG 435 by 5 and GG 455 by the remaining 2. In combination
      with the yellow filter a Schott neutral filter 0.1 NG was preferred by 3
      observers, and each of the neutral filters 0.3 NG, 0.45 NG and 0.6 NG was chosen
      by 2 observers. The luminance of the coloured test target was measured to be 120
      cd/m2 without filters and 86 to 31 cd/m2 as measured through the selected filter
      combinations.

PMID- 3364164
TI  - Neovascular glaucoma following vitrectomy for diabetic eye disease.
AB  - Between September 1979 and December 1985, 124 eyes of 105 patients underwent
      vitrectomy for diabetic eye disease. Until May 1987 (mean follow-up of 3.2 +/-
      0.3 years) neovascular glaucoma (NVG) occurred in 21 eyes (17%); in 18 of them
      within the first post-operative year. Post-operative total retinal detachment (P
      = 0.0003) and pre- and/or per-operative aphakia (P = 0.0047) proved to be
      significant independent risk factors for post-operative NVG (odds ratio 9.9 and
      4.6, respectively). The rate of NVG decreased from 22% in the second half of the
      study period (NS). This decrease may be related to smaller proportion of aphakic
      vitrectomies in the latter half (50% vs 18%, P less than 0.0004). Lack of
      previous panretinal photocoagulation did not increase the risk of NVG
      significantly. Of the 84 non-vitrectomized fellow-eyes NVG occurred in 17. In 4
      of the 21 eyes the intraocular pressure (IOP) was satisfactorily controlled by
      antiglaucomatous medication after retinal panphotocoagulation, direct
      photocoagulation of the iris new vessels and/or cyclocryocoagulation. Four eyes
      remained hypertonic, but were comfortable with symptomatic medication, 12 eyes
      became hypotonic. One eye was enucleated. Useful vision was preserved in 3 eyes,
      light perception (LP) in 2 eyes, the remaining 16 lost LP. In 13 of the 16 eyes
      vision was lost within the first post-operative year.

PMID- 3364165
TI  - Complete evulsion of the optic nerve.
AB  - Evulsion of the optic nerve is an uncommon traumatic event, probably because the
      intraorbital portion of the optic nerve is mobile and surrounded by sheaths. The
      present paper reports a case of complete evulsion of the optic nerve with retinal
      detachment and discusses the possible patho mechanisms involved. Fluorescein
      angiography showed no retinal circulation.

PMID- 3364166
TI  - Radial keratotomy for pseudophakic myopia.
AB  - Cataract extraction with implantation of a standard power IOL occasionally gives
      rise to considerable post-operative myopia. When operation of the second eye is
      indicated, the question may arise whether the patient should be made strongly
      myopic in both eyes, be made anisometropic, or have the already implanted IOL
      exchanged for a weaker one. We report here on 3 patients made isometropic and low
      grade myopic after radial keratotomy in the myopic pseudophakic eye followed by
      cataract extraction and implantation of an IOL of predicted power in the second
      eye.

PMID- 3364167
TI  - Effects of topical pre-treatment with dexamethasone on the immediate and late
      phases of topically induced ocular anaphylaxis in the rat.
AB  - We tested the effects of pre-treatment with dexamethasone on topically induced
      ocular anaphylaxis in the rat. Rats were immunized with dinitrophenylated Ascaris
      suum extract and challenged with di-DNP-lysine. Dexamethasone was administered
      topically once (24, 6, or 1 h before challenge) or three times (6, 4, and 2 h
      before challenge). A single pre-treatment given at 24 or 6 h had no significant
      effect. A single pre-treatment 1 h before challenge reduced the extent of edema
      assessed histologically but not clinically, and had no significant effect on the
      eosinophil count in conjunctival tissue examined 6 h after challenge. Eyes pre
      treated with dexamethasone 6, 4, and 2 h before challenge showed a significant
      reduction in conjunctival edema assessed histologically and clinically 1 h after
      challenge. In addition, 6 h after challenge the number of eosinophils was
      significantly reduced. We conclude that repeated pre-treatment with dexamethasone
      can suppress both the immediate phase and the cellular late phase of topically
      induced ocular anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3364169
TI  - Corneal sensation in acute angle closure glaucoma.
AB  - Corneal sensation was found to be decreased in eyes affected by acute angle
      closure glaucoma. In those patients with a short history (less than four days)
      the difference in sensation between the two eyes was only detectable using the
      Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer and not by using cotton wool. Patients with a longer
      history had a more marked decrease in corneal sensation that was detectable by
      both methods. Corneal sensation in both groups tended to recover partially on
      normalization of the intraocular pressure.

PMID- 3364168
TI  - Shape changes produced in detergent extracted bovine retinal pigment epithelium
      when exposed to ATP. A comparison with fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The response of single detergent treated bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells
      in culture to ATP was measured with an image analyser. The most pronounced
      contraction was produced by 1.0 mM ATP with most change taking place in the first
      10 min. At 1 h the area had decreased by about 33%, perimeter 22% and maximum
      length 25%. By way of comparison rabbit skin fibroblasts had a decreased area of
      approximately 40%, perimeter 25% and maximum length 22%. Bovine aortic smooth
      muscle cells on the other hand decreased in area by 55%, perimeter 40% and
      maximum length 36%. It is hoped that this assay may be used to evaluate drugs
      which could counteract contractile events in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

PMID- 3364170
TI  - Simultaneous recording of visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms in
      patients with unilateral opaque media.
AB  - We studied the correlation between preoperative visual evoked potentials (VEPs)
      and postoperative visual acuities in patients with unilateral opaque media. The
      fellow eye was used as the control. The filtering effect due to opaque media
      could be assessed on the basis of the difference of the electroretinogram (ERG)
      threshold in the two eyes. 'Modified VEPs' were then calculated by eliminating
      the assessed filtering effects, which improved our ability to detect the
      potential for visual recovery. In the normal eye, the stimulus threshold for VEP
      is lower than that for ERG by 2 or 3 log units. Therefore should a higher
      stimulus threshold be found for VEP than ERG, severe optic nerve damage is highly
      probable in eyes with media opacties.

PMID- 3364172
TI  - Histopathological changes in an intraocular retinoblastoma-like tumour following
      photodynamic therapy.
AB  - The histopathological effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated in an
      intraocular retinoblastoma-like tumour in vivo. Eighty-two tumours were studied
      by light microscopy and 8 by electron microscopy. Damage of the vascular
      endothelium with dilation of the organelles was evident 1 h after treatment,
      followed by leakage of the blood vessels, tissue hemorrhages, and vascular
      collapse. Histopathological examination showed an overall pattern of shrinkage of
      the cytoplasm and pycnosis of the nuclei in most of the tumour cells 3-5 days
      after treatment. The tumour recurrence often developed from the periphery of the
      tumours and in a few cases from small islets of viable tissue. Use of high doses
      of Photofrin II or light energy was associated with damage in the light
      irradiated area both to the conjunctiva or cornea in the form of leucocyte
      infiltration or ulcers, and to the retina, which often developed edema and
      appeared severely disorganized, with damage of the photoreceptors.

PMID- 3364171
TI  - Retinopathy after low dose irradiation for an intracranial tumor of the frontal
      lobe. A case report.
AB  - A 32-year-old man underwent an operation for an oligodendroglioma of the left
      frontal lobe. Postoperatively he was irradiated to a target dose of 54 Gy. One
      year later he developed bilateral retinopathy quite similar to diabetic
      retinopathy. There were no clinical or biochemical signs of diabetes or
      hematological disease. The calculated maximum dose to the retina was 11 Gy. This
      is to our knowledge the lowest retinal dose of ionizing radiation reported to
      produce retinopathy.

PMID- 3364173
TI  - Suprasellar meningioma 47 years after bilateral retinoblastoma.
AB  - Development of an additional primary tumour, a suprasellar meningioma, is
      reported 47 years after successful treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. The
      left eye of the patient was enucleated at the age of 1.5 years and the left orbit
      radiated with a total dose of 1200 rads. The right eye was treated by
      orthovoltage radiation only at the age of 4 years, the total dose being 5100
      rads. The right eye became blind and phthisical, and it was enucleated at the age
      of 42 years. No active retinoblastoma was found. At the age of 48 years a large
      suprasellar meningioma was diagnosed and partially removed.

PMID- 3364174
TI  - Repeated 50 burn/180 degree argon laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - Thirty-five repeated 50-spot/180 degree argon laser trabeculoplasties (ALT) are
      prospectively compared to as many first ALT's. The distribution of the treatment
      variables possibly affecting the results was almost identical between the two
      groups. The postoperative intraocular pressure decrease was statistically
      significant in both groups but it was significantly smaller in the re-ALT group
      as compared with the pressure reduction taking place in the group receiving their
      first ALT.

PMID- 3364175
TI  - Extracellular volume in the bovine corneal epithelium.
AB  - Three different substances, [14C]inulin, [14C]polyethylenglycol (PEG, molecular
      weight 4000) and [3H]sucrose have been examined for suitability as markers for
      determination of the extracellular volume (ECV) in the bovine corneal epithelium
      and stroma. In both tissues, sucrose was the best marker reaching equilibrium of
      distribution within 90 min. Inulin and 4000 PEG have been found to be
      unacceptable because of a slow rate of penetration of the ECV. In addition, both
      inulin and 4000 PEG gave considerably lower values for the ECV than sucrose.
      Using the value for ECV determined with sucrose as a marker in the bovine corneal
      epithelium, i.e. 21.6 +/- 1.4% of tissue water, and the results obtained
      previously by the chemical analysis of this tissue (Midelfart 1987) the
      intracellular concentrations of 34.4 +/- 8.6 mmol Na/kg H2O and 154.3 +/- 11.1
      mmol K/kg H2O were determined. These results were compared with the results
      obtained by other methods in corneae from other species.

PMID- 3364176
TI  - Post-keratoplasty corneal ulcers and bandage lenses.
AB  - 285 cases of penetrating keratoplasty in whom hydrophilic bandage lenses were
      fitted were analyzed for the occurrence of corneal ulcers. Of these eyes 26
      developed culture-proven bacterial ulcers. No correlation could be made between
      any particular type of contact lens and the development of corneal ulcer.
      Although no single factor could be delineated which may be responsible for this
      problem, this risk appears to be escalated where host defense mechanisms are
      impaired. The clinician should recognize the potential risk in using bandage
      lenses when the cornea is immunosuppressed and completely denervated.

PMID- 3364177
TI  - Spinal cord compression by epidural metastases. Fibrosarcoma experiments in rats.
AB  - Morphologic changes were studied in 43 rats that were paralyzed by an epidural
      fibrosarcoma inoculated through the spinous process. By this technique, of 29
      rats examined radiographically, the tumor destroyed vertebral bone in 22. Changes
      of the cord in the early stage of paralysis were specially analyzed by Marchi's
      stain and microangiograms. In compromised cord segments in the early stage,
      extravasation of contrast medium was observed in the gray matter and the dorsal
      funiculus; and in the dorsal funiculus just proximal or distal to the compressed
      portion, hemorrhagic areas were present. Ascending degenerated fibers in the
      dorsal funiculus, which were derived from the degenerated posterior nerve root or
      the degeneration of the dorsal funiculus in the compressed segments, were
      characteristically detected in rats in the early stages. In the advanced stages a
      transverse cord lesion was observed at the involved level. Based on the present
      analyses, to prevent more advanced damage to the spinal cord, the tumor should be
      removed at an early stage that clinically coincides with the period when
      radicular signs appear.

PMID- 3364178
TI  - Scoliosis in myelomeningocele.
AB  - Prevalence, type, and magnitude of scoliosis were studied in 163 patients with
      myelomeningocele. A scoliosis was diagnosed in 143 of them, congenital in 15
      percent of the cases and developmental in the remaining patients. The severity of
      scoliosis increased with age and was more severe the higher the level of the
      neurologic deficit. The direction of the curves was correlated with pelvic
      obliquity, but not with hip dislocation. Although some patients with low level
      anomalies may develop severe scoliosis, patients with levels above L3 run a
      considerably higher risk in this respect. The radiographic baseline examination
      of the spine carried out in the newborn seems to permit a reasonable prognosis in
      regard to future scoliosis. Gross syringohydromyelia caused or contributed to
      scoliosis in 5 percent of the cases. However, less extensive syringohydromyelia
      and Chiari malformations due to abnormal neuromuscular control also promote the
      development of scoliosis in these patients.

PMID- 3364179
TI  - Spine and back-shape changes in scoliosis.
AB  - Thirty-five untreated patients with scoliosis were studied by Cobb radiography
      and back-surface photogrammetry on each of at least two clinic visits. Also, the
      maximum vertebral axial rotation was measured. Each pair of patient visits was
      classified as showing either a progression, improvement, or no change in the
      scoliosis using a threshold of 5 degrees change in the Cobb angle. The computer
      Cobb measurement was the most precise measurement, and the back-surface
      measurements were the least precise. The Cobb measurement of scoliosis is the
      most precise for detecting small changes, but can be improved by a computerized
      analysis of digitized radiographs.

PMID- 3364180
TI  - The calcar femorale as a landmark in hip physiolysis.
AB  - The position of the femoral head in relation to the calcar femorale was analyzed
      from 120 radiographs of normal hips. A constant relationship was found, providing
      a method of calculating the normal position of the femoral head. The method was
      tested in 56 cases with physiolysis of the hip and was found to be useful in
      determining the degree of slipping in both adolescents and adults.

PMID- 3364181
TI  - Prevention of thrombosis after hip arthroplasty. A prospective study of
      preoperative oral anticoagulants.
AB  - A prospective randomized study involving 101 patients undergoing total hip
      replacement was performed to find out whether prophylactic anticoagulation
      starting 4 days before the operation was more effective than starting on the eve
      of the operation. The postoperative level of anticoagulation was set at an INR of
      2.1. There was no difference between the two groups in the incidence of proximal
      localized deep venous thrombosis. Blood loss did not depend on the level of
      peroperative anticoagulation. There were no postoperative hemorrhagic
      complications. No fatal pulmonary embolism occurred during the study. After
      discontinuation of the oral anticoagulants because of a negative venogram,
      nonfatal pulmonary embolism occurred in 3 out of 55 patients. A plea is made for
      low-dose anticoagulation for 3 months after total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 3364182
TI  - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate following exchange of infected total hips.
AB  - Seventy-six patients without other diseases affecting the erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR) underwent exchange of an infected total hip. The ESR
      before the exchange arthroplasty averaged 53 mm/h. ESR values at 6 weeks, 3 and 6
      months after the exchange operation were lower in 60 patients in whom the
      infection healed than in 16 patients whose infection had not healed. From 3
      months after the exchange operation and onwards, the ESR averaged less than 20 mm
      in healed cases compared with more than 30 mm in still infected cases. An ESR
      equal or less than 30 mm after 6 months--observed in 48/53 healed cases--implied
      a good prognosis.

PMID- 3364183
TI  - Metastasis size in pathologic femoral fractures.
AB  - Radiographic assessment was made of metastases in 69 consecutive patients with
      pathologic femoral fractures. The following variables were considered: width of
      metastasis, ratio between width of metastasis and bone, axial length of cortical
      destruction, and proportion of cortical bone destroyed of the circumference.
      Differences in size of the metastases were not related to location in the femur
      or histologic type. In 62 of 69 fractures the ratio between width of the
      metastasis and bone was greater than or equal to 0.60, axial cortical destruction
      in the neck was greater than or equal to 13 mm and in other parts of the femur
      greater than or equal to 30 mm, and cortical destruction of the circumference
      greater than or equal to 50 percent. Prophylactic internal fixation need not be
      considered for femur metastatic lesions that do not reach these limits.

PMID- 3364185
TI  - Active knee motion after cruciate ligament rupture. Stereoradiography.
AB  - In 10 patients with an old injury of the anterior cruciate ligament, the three
      dimensional movements of the knee joint were studied when the patients flexed
      their knees. Tibial motions were recorded using roentgen stereophotogrammetric
      analysis. Internal rotation and adduction of the tibia were reduced in the
      injured knees when compared with the intact knees; during flexion of the knee
      joint, the tibial intercondylar eminence occupied a more lateral and posterior
      position on the injured side. Our results may indicate that the knee joint is
      continuously exposed to abnormal stresses when the anterior cruciate ligament is
      torn.

PMID- 3364184
TI  - Fracture of the femur after knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The supracondylar fracture of the femur is a serious complication after total
      knee arthroplasty. We report our experience in the management of 16 patients with
      this complication and suggest that the main line of treatment should be
      conservative. Open reduction and plate fixation is precarious. In displaced
      fractures, however, the Rush pin technique was useful.

PMID- 3364186
TI  - Irradiation-sterilization of rat bone matrix gelatin.
AB  - Bone matrix gelatin induces bone formation in muscle, and when implanted
      orthotopically it improves bone repair. Co-60 sterilization of bone gelatin
      impairs the protein-bound induction mechanisms. Gelatin samples nonirradiated or
      irradiated by 25 or 50 kGy were implanted into a pouch in the abdominal wall of
      Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as into a 7-mm calvarial defect. Evaluation was done
      by histologic studies, histomorphometry of orthotopic implants, and determination
      of alkaline phosphatase in ectopic implants. Gelatin irradiated with 50 kGy was
      absorbed in the muscle bed without evidence of any specific host reaction.
      Irradiation of 25 kGy led to histologically confirmed ectopic bone formation, but
      the wet weight of the explants was only half that of the nonirradiated control
      samples. Alkaline phosphatase activity was equal in both of these groups. With
      orthotopic implantation, neither a histologic nor a morphometric effect was seen
      with 25 kGy. Loss of osteoinduction with 25-kGy irradiation is apparently masked
      by osteoconductive mechanisms with orthotopic implantation.

PMID- 3364187
TI  - Tendon transfer for lateral ankle and subtalar joint instability.
AB  - Seventy-three patients suffering from lateral instability of the ankle joint,
      bilateral in 6 cases and combined with subtalar instability in 25, were operated
      on using the distal part of the peroneus brevis tendon. The tendon was pulled
      through two bore canals in the lateral malleolus and fixed in a bore hole in the
      calcaneus. The direction of the tendon in relation to the calcaneus and the talus
      was varied depending upon the type of instability. At 9 and 24 months follow-up,
      all but 2 patients had substantial reduction of the radiographically measured
      instability. No subtalar instability could be disclosed, and all the patients
      could return to normal levels of activity. The operation can be recommended for
      chronic lateral ankle and subtalar joint instability.

PMID- 3364188
TI  - Foot deformities in the newborn--incidence and prognosis.
AB  - In a consecutive screening of 2,401 newborn, a foot deformity was noted in 100 of
      the infants (4.2 percent). At follow-up 5-6 years later, the children with a foot
      deformity were reexamined and compared with normal controls. Seventy-six infants
      had some adduction deformity of the foot at birth. At reexamination, 87 percent
      of the examined children had normal feet. No association was observed between
      sleeping prone and the presence of adduction deformity at the reexamination. Pes
      calcaneovalgus was diagnosed in 18 newborn. Of those reexamined, all had normal
      feet. Up to the age of 6 years, 4.3 percent of the 2,401 had been referred to the
      department of orthopedics because of a foot deformity; 50 because of an adduction
      deformity, and in 10 of these children the deformity was observed at birth. The
      investigation indicates that no treatment is required for pes calcaneovalgus or
      adductus deformity confined to the forefoot.

PMID- 3364189
TI  - Coracoid process transfer for acromioclavicular dislocation.
AB  - Seventeen patients with complete separation of the acromioclavicular joint were
      operated on acutely with transposition of the coracoid tip to the clavicle. All
      the patients were examined after a mean follow-up time of 7.5 years. Twelve
      patients had good function, 3 had slight pain in extreme positions, and 2 had
      poor function with pain at rest. Eleven patients had the screw removed, 2 of them
      because of deep infection. In 3 patients the coracoid tip fragmented during the
      operation. Two patients had an unsatisfying cosmetic result. As long as
      nonoperative treatment gives equal or better long-term functional results, we do
      not recommend this operation in acute dislocations.

PMID- 3364191
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis. A report of 3 cases.
AB  - Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infectious disease characterized by a
      necrotizing cellulitis of the subcutaneous tissue. The mortality has not changed
      over the last 50 years, probably because the condition is not recognized early
      enough to permit effective treatment by debridement. We report 3 cases
      illustrating different clinical courses.

PMID- 3364190
TI  - The congruence of the distal radioulnar joint. A magnetic resonance imaging
      study.
AB  - The functional anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint was studied in 10 healthy
      volunteers. The joint surface of both the ulnar head and the sigmoid notch of the
      radius form arcs of circles with small areas of contact because the diameters of
      the circles are different. The distal radioulnar joint is congruent throughout
      its range of motion, but the area of contact shifts from dorsal in the sigmoid
      notch in pronation to volar in supination. The insertion of the distal radioulnar
      ligaments on the ulnar head explains the congruence of the joint.

PMID- 3364192
TI  - A case of short metatarsal bones lengthened by callus distraction.
AB  - Bilateral congenitally short fourth metatarsal bones were osteotomized
      subperiosteally, held in neutral position for 3 weeks by a small external
      fixator, and then subjected to slow axial distraction (0.25 mm/12h). The overall
      treatment time was 11 weeks, and the final increase in length was 14 mm for the
      left and 12 mm for the right metatarsal bone.

PMID- 3364194
TI  - Proceedings of the Netherlands Orthopedic Society. The Hague, January 14-16,
      1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3364193
TI  - Biomaterials, Part I. Symposium organized by the Scandinavian Orthopedic
      Association. Ystad, Sweden, September 29-October 1, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3364195
TI  - Immunopathological study of glomerular IgA deposition in ddY mice.
AB  - Serial renal biopsies were performed to observe in detail the age-related
      glomerular IgA deposition in ddY mice. Moreover, lymphocytes from spleens and
      Peyer's patches (PP) were immunologically examined in the mice at 10 months of
      age. The incidence of IgA deposition in the glomeruli was 0% at 3 months, 33% at
      7 months, 60% at 10 months and 100% at 13 months, but IgA deposits were less
      intense than IgG and IgM deposits. Serum levels of IgA and polyclonal IgA
      responses of PP cells were significantly higher in the mice with glomerular IgA
      deposits. However, neither the Lyt-1+/Lyt-2+ cell ratio nor the polyclonal IgA
      responses of spleen cells were related to IgA deposition. Therefore, gut
      associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) probably plays an important role in the
      pathogenesis of the high IgA response and glomerular IgA deposition observed in
      this strain. These results suggest that ddY mice would be valuable as a model of
      spontaneous glomerular IgA deposition, as well as being useful for studying the
      possible relationship between the mucosal immune system and glomerular IgA
      deposition.

PMID- 3364196
TI  - Adenofibroma of the rete testis. A case report with electron microscopy findings.
AB  - The light and electron microscopic characteristics of an adenofibroma of the rete
      testis in a 51-year-old man are described. The tumor was 5.5 cm in greatest
      diameter and situated in the anterior superior portion of the right testis. It
      was composed mainly of mesenchymal and secondary epithelial proliferation. Long
      slit-like spaces and short tubules lined by a layer of epithelial cells were seen
      in the mesenchymal tissue. The epithelium was histochemically and
      ultrastructurally similar to that of the rete testis, and the tumor was
      considered to be of rete testis origin.

PMID- 3364197
TI  - Primary choriocarcinoma of the urinary bladder.
AB  - We report a case of choriocarcinoma of the bladder. The initial biopsy of the
      bladder tumor showed co-existence of choriocarcinoma and transitional cell
      carcinoma, while the cystectomized bladder tumor and metastatic tumors were
      composed only of choriocarcinoma. The diagnosis of choriocarcinoma was confirmed
      morphologically and by the demonstration of hCG in the tumor and in the serum.

PMID- 3364199
TI  - The differentiation of anxiety and depression by rating scales.

PMID- 3364198
TI  - A comparative investigation of the principal component structure of the 28 item
      version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 15-year-old schoolgirls in
      England, Greece, Turkey and West Germany.
AB  - The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire of 15-year-old
      schoolgirls obtained under identical conditions in two separate studies was
      subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Varimax rotation produced
      different numbers of components for the different groups, but restricting the
      number of components to be rotated to four produced similar component structures,
      as supported by the coefficient of factor similarity, for both Turkish and Greek
      groups in their home countries and a heterogeneous non-British group in London in
      comparison to British girls. Different structures were obtained in schoolgirls
      from Greece, in Munich, and from the Indian subcontinent in London. Analysis of
      variance of the factor scores of a combined PCA produced significant overall
      group differences for all components and specific group differences for anxiety
      and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. Somatic symptoms and
      anxiety and insomnia subscales, either alone or in combination with other
      subscales, contributed most frequently to morbidity.

PMID- 3364200
TI  - Traditional Arabian marriages and mental health in a group of outpatient Saudis.
AB  - This is a prospective study of 150 consecutive outpatients who were either
      married or divorced. Marriage custom in Saudi Arabia is unique to the culture of
      that country and several different kinds of marriage are identified: arranged
      marriage of cousins; marriage of a couple who have not met before consummation;
      marriage of a couple who have met once before consummation; forced marriage; and,
      rarely, marriage preceded by a period of courtship. Marital discord defined by
      the patients as fully or partially responsible for their presenting symptoms, was
      correlated with the different kinds of marriage. Discord was found to be more
      likely when the couple had never met or when there had been a period of
      courtship; more likely associated with anxiety and dysthymic disorders; and to
      affect females more than males. Polygamy was a definite stress. The consanguinous
      marriage had a higher rate of marital discord than the non-consanguinous, but
      this was found to be not statistically significant. In 40% of discordant,
      consanguinous marriages the discord was directly related to the degree of
      consanguinity.

PMID- 3364201
TI  - Melatonin plasma response to MAO inhibitor: influence on human pineal activity?
AB  - Strong negative correlation has been observed between nighttime (physiological)
      elevation of plasma melatonin and plasma melatonin increase induced by a single
      dose of MAO inhibitor, tranylcypromine. The possible use of acute plasma
      melatonin response to MAO inhibitor as a functional test for the evaluation of
      human pineal activity is discussed.

PMID- 3364202
TI  - Depressed pathological gamblers.
AB  - Depressed gamblers (n = 14) were compared with normal controls (n = 41) for
      antecedent life events. The depressed gamblers had experienced significantly more
      life events, and undesirable or exit life events, during the 6 months before the
      onset of depression.

PMID- 3364204
TI  - Family relation and social competence of children unwanted at birth. A follow-up
      study at the age of 16.
AB  - The children of mothers who said during the pregnancy that the child was not
      wanted were followed up to age of 16. The material is based on a 14 year follow
      up of 96.5% of all the births in Northern Finland in 1966. Controls from the 1966
      data are assigned to the unwanted children who are matched with them in sex, age
      and parity. The number of children and marital and social status of the mother
      were matched, also taking into account the change in these variables between 1966
      and 1980. The differences between the unwanted and control children were not
      dramatic, but there was a consistent difference between the unwanted girls and
      their controls, especially in their relations with their fathers, the unwanted
      girls perceiving their fathers to have been more hostile, more inconsistent in
      educational practice and less positive. The unwanted girls were rated lower by
      their teachers in personal behaviour and their relationships with schoolmates.
      They were more often reluctant to go to school, wanting to leave at the earliest
      possible age. No such differences were noted between the unwanted and control
      boys.

PMID- 3364205
TI  - Sensorimotor laterality in schizophrenia: which features transcend cultural
      influences?
AB  - A battery of performance tests was conducted to compare motor laterality and eye
      dominance in Nigerian schizophrenics and normal controls. Both groups were
      similar in age and sex distribution. While no difference emerged with regard to
      right, mixed, or left handedness, or foot or eye dominance, cross-dominance (i.e.
      full left eye dominance and full right handedness) significantly differentiated
      the 2 groups. The same feature differentiated paranoid from nonparanoid subtypes
      of schizophrenia. Cross-dominance may represent a more reliable measure of
      sensorimotor lateralization in schizophrenia since it may be less likely that it
      is masked by cultural factors.

PMID- 3364203
TI  - Post-traumatic stress in Northern Ireland.
AB  - The sample studied was a group of 643 adults each seeking compensation for
      "Nervous Shock" and seen by a single Belfast psychiatrist for medico-legal
      assessment. Demographic information, risk factors, diagnosis, type of incident,
      symptoms and outcome were recorded for each patient. From the symptoms recorded,
      a subgroup of 23% were identified as suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress
      Disorder (PTSD) as defined in DSM III. This subgroup tended to be older, included
      more females, had more depressive symptoms and had more severe, prolonged
      disturbance. The findings document our experience of PTSD in the special context
      of Northern Ireland and suggest it may be a more useful term in describing
      psychological reaction to violence than the nebulous concept of "Nervous Shock"
      used at present by our courts.

PMID- 3364206
TI  - The timing and duration of sleep in partial sleep deprivation therapy of
      depression.
AB  - The antidepressant response to partial sleep deprivation early in the night (PSD
      E) was compared with the response to partial sleep deprivation late in the night
      (PSD-L) in 16 drug-free depressed inpatients using a balanced order crossover
      design. PSD-L had a significantly greater antidepressant effect that PSD-E. The
      response to PSD-L was sustained and enhanced by a second night of treatment.
      Patients had significantly shorter sleep durations and reduced REM sleep on PSD-L
      that did not occur in the PSD-E situation. There was a significant negative
      correlation between response to PSD and sleep duration, and in particular, REM
      sleep duration, in the late sleep deprivation situation. Thus, the amount and
      timing of sleep appear to be factors in the response to PSD, but additional
      studies are needed to evaluate the relative importance of these parameters.

PMID- 3364207
TI  - Is CT ventriculomegaly related to hypercortisolemia?

PMID- 3364208
TI  - The effect of benzodiazepine withdrawal on the dexamethasone suppression test.
AB  - Recent studies of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) suggest lack of
      specificity for the diagnosis of melancholia. An earlier study showed that high
      doses of benzodiazepines lead to DST normalisation in depressed patients. This
      present study examines the effect of benzodiazepine withdrawal on the DST in a
      middle aged, non-depressed group. Forty-eight volunteers from a double blind
      placebo-controlled trial of triazolam 0.5 mg and lormetazepam 2 mg all suppressed
      normally when given the DST on the sixth day of withdrawal following 25 days of
      drug.

PMID- 3364209
TI  - Schneiderian first rank symptoms in schizophrenia and multiple personality
      disorder.

PMID- 3364210
TI  - [Identification of factors which would have an effect on decreasing infant
      mortality in Yugoslavia].

PMID- 3364211
TI  - [Clinical and pathologic correlations between "pure" and "transitional"
      oligodendrogliomas].

PMID- 3364212
TI  - Ultrastructure of monoaminergic terminals in the intermediolateral nucleus of the
      cat spinal cord.
AB  - Monoaminergic innervation of the intermediolateral nucleus of the cat spinal cord
      was investigated by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. Large
      numbers of monoaminergic terminals were labeled by prior administration of the
      false neurotransmitter 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA). Ultrastructurally, 5-OHDA
      labeled terminals fell into three types. Type I, which made up 55% of the labeled
      terminals, contained abundant, large and densely labeled vesicles and only a few
      small and unlabeled vesicles. This type was "bouton de passage". Type II, which
      made up 40% of the terminals, made asymmetrical synaptic contacts with typical
      postsynaptic structures. This type contained many small vesicles, some of which
      were labeled, and a few large dense-core vesicles. Type III, which made up 5% of
      the terminals, made close contact with presynaptic nerve endings containing
      abundant small unlabeled clear vesicles. The type III terminals contained many
      large and densely labeled vesicles and a few small flattened vesicles, most of
      which were unlabeled.

PMID- 3364213
TI  - Mite antigen and allergen contents of house dust samples.
AB  - The house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) antigen and allergen
      contents were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with enzyme
      labelled anti-human IgE and anti-mite rabbit IgG antibodies. Antigen content was
      high in dust samples from homes of patients with allergy but not in samples from
      homes of patients with Kawasaki disease or of normal control subjects. Allergen
      content was high in dust samples from homes of Kawasaki disease patients.
      However, the values overlapped, and we considered these differences to be of
      little ecological significance, although the assay method itself is useful.

PMID- 3364214
TI  - Lifelong persistent infection of hamster brain by human adenovirus type 6.
AB  - To establish an experimental persistent infection of the brain with human
      adenoviruses, adenovirus type 6 (ad 6) was inoculated intracerebrally into young
      adult hamsters. Hamsters appeared languid for a few days after inoculation, but
      recovered rapidly. By cocultivation of tissue fragments with HeLa cells, ad 6 was
      always recovered from the brains of hamsters throughout their lives, as long as
      29 months, indicating the establishment of a lifelong persistent infection.
      Except for the first few days after inoculation, however, attempts to recover
      virus by inoculation of tissue extracts onto HeLa cells or by cultivation of
      tissue fragments alone were unsuccessful.

PMID- 3364215
TI  - Type IV collagen-degrading enzyme activity in human serum.
AB  - Type IV collagen-degrading enzyme activity was detected in human serum. Serum was
      preincubated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and trypsin to activate the
      enzyme prior to assay. Type IV collagen, purified from human placentas and
      radiolabeled with [1-14C] acetic anhydride, was used as the substrate. The enzyme
      activity was measured at pH 7.5 and inhibited by treatment with
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or heat. The assay of type IV collagen-degrading
      enzyme in human serum might be useful for estimating the degradation of type IV
      collagen.

PMID- 3364216
TI  - Coping with the temptation to drink.
AB  - Part one of this study examined the efficacy of coping responses among college
      students (N = 137) attempting to control their temptation to drink. Using the
      taxonomy delineated by Shiffman ("Coping with the Temptation to Smoke, Journal of
      Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 50, pp. 261-267, 1984), results
      indicated that both cognitive and behavioral coping were effective in resisting
      the temptation to drink. When specific coping responses were compared, 3 of 10
      behavioral responses and 3 of 13 cognitive responses showed a significant
      relationship with outcome. These responses were differentially effective in
      resisting the temptation to drink. A comparison was made to Shiffman's (1984)
      previous work and the conceptual and methodological problems which may account
      for the divergent results are discussed. Part Two of this study examined the
      relationship between the coping responses people use in attempting self-control
      and those used in dealing with daily stressors. Results suggest that coping is a
      highly situationally specific response which shows little consistency across
      these two contexts. Conceptual and methodological difficulties which qualify the
      obtained results are discussed.

PMID- 3364217
TI  - Smoking cessation through cigarette-fading, self-recording, and contracting:
      treatment, maintenance and long-term followup.
AB  - Seven adult subjects, all with extensive smoking histories, participated in a
      smoking cessation program. Intervention procedures included cigarette-fading,
      self-recording, and contracting. A changing-criterion analysis showed that six of
      the seven subjects were able to abstain from smoking within two months of
      intervention. The seventh subject was able to meet two changes in criterion, but
      dropped out of the treatment programme during the third. Of the sex remaining
      subjects, five were able to abstain from smoking during the six-month maintenance
      period. The sixth subject resumed smoking in the fourth month of maintenance and
      preferred to continue smoking thereafter. Followup data, collected every three
      months for two years, showed that the five remaining subjects were able to
      abstain from smoking for two years following the cessation of the maintenance
      programme.

PMID- 3364219
TI  - Memory in chronic alcoholics: effects of inconsistent versus consistent
      information.
AB  - Alcoholics and controls were compared on their resistance to misleading
      information given after a witnessed event. The eyewitness testimony paradigm of
      Loftus, Miller, and Burns ("Semantic Integration of Verbal Information in a
      Visual Memory" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory,
      Vol. 4, pp. 19-31, 1978) was used, which is a naturalistic variation of a
      retroactive interference paradigm. Alcoholics did not show greater suggestibility
      than the controls, being no more "fooled" by the misleading, after-the-fact
      information. In contrast, alcoholics did show significant impairment in
      discriminating correct from among incorrect verbal statements about the accident.
      Thus, certain aspects of memory functioning may be preserved even while others
      are compromised as a result of chronic alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3364218
TI  - The social image of smokeless tobacco use in three different types of teenagers.
AB  - The current study used an unobtrusive methodology to describe the social image
      associated with smokeless tobacco use and with cigarette smoking in three "types"
      of teenage models--an athlete, a cowboy, and an average teenager. As in previous
      research, the social image associated with smokeless tobacco use was more
      positive than that associated with cigarette smoking, suggesting that adopting
      smokeless tobacco use may have perceived social image benefits for adolescent
      males. The image conveyed by smokeless tobacco use was similar across the three
      different types of adolescent. Relations between social image factors and tobacco
      use behavior were examined, and implications for tobacco use prevention are
      discussed.

PMID- 3364220
TI  - Sociodemographic characteristics and drinking locations of convicted drunken
      drivers.
AB  - The present study utilizes multiple regression analysis to identify relationships
      between 13 sociodemographic characteristics and the frequency of drinking in
      seven different types of drinking places among convicted drunken drivers (N =
      6,183). The results indicate that different sociodemographic subgroups of
      drinking drivers tend to drink in different types of places. Younger respondents
      were more likely than older respondents to report frequent drinking in away-from
      home locations such as friends' homes, bars, parties, cars, and parking lots. The
      males were more likely than the females to report frequent drinking in cars and
      parking lots, and unmarried respondents drink at parties and in bars more
      frequently than married respondents. Education, race, and the frequency of
      worship service attendance are also found to be important predictors of drinking
      locations.

PMID- 3364221
TI  - Subject characteristics and long term post-program smoking cessation.
AB  - In order to identify predictors of long-term post-treatment smoking abstinence,
      333 adult smokers who volunteered to participate in a smoking cessation program
      were asked to complete a set of questionnaires which measured self-efficacy,
      motivation, reasons for smoking, and smoking history variables. Subjects were
      then randomly assigned to one of four smoking cessation interventions. Nine
      variables predicted abstinance up to and including one year following treatment.
      The importance of self-efficacy beliefs in quitting smoking was underscored.

PMID- 3364222
TI  - Controlling laboratory binging among restrained eaters through self-monitoring
      and cognitive restructuring procedures.
AB  - In a laboratory analog procedure, this study evaluated the therapeutic
      effectiveness of self-monitoring and cognitive restructuring procedures on binge
      eating among restrained eaters. Sixty-two undergraduate women were identified as
      either restrained or unrestrained eaters by the Restrained Eating Questionnaire.
      The restrained subjects were randomly assigned to either the restrained control
      (RC), self-monitoring (SM), or cognitive restructuring (CR) conditions while the
      14 unrestrained subjects formed the unrestrained control condition (UC). Subjects
      listened to either a five-minute SM, CR, or control audiotape. consumed a 350
      calorie milkshake, then tasted two eight-ounce servings of ice cream. The UC
      group consumed significantly fewer grams of ice cream than the RC group. These
      results suggest that cognitive restructuring procedures may be more effective
      than self-monitoring in reducing the magnitude of binge. Implications for
      therapeutic intervention are discussed.

PMID- 3364223
TI  - Changes in cognitions for social drinkers in a naturalistic setting.
AB  - Ten light and eight heavy social drinkers were used in a study designed to
      investigate the role of cognitions of light and heavy social drinkers during a
      normal drinking session in a bar. The results showed that there was no
      significant difference between the light and heavy drinkers for neutral and
      emotive statements, however, there was a significant difference between the two
      groups for alcohol dependent and alcohol non-dependent self-statements. A
      significant interaction was also found for groups x time for the alcohol
      dependent statements. No significant difference was found for the amount of
      alcohol consumed. The findings suggest that not all cognitions changed during a
      drinking session and that emotive and factual statements were unchanged. The
      results of this study confirm earlier findings which found differences in alcohol
      related cognitions between light and heavy social drinkers.

PMID- 3364224
TI  - Psychological characteristics in twins discordant for smoking behavior: a matched
      twin-pair analysis.
AB  - The matched-twin-pair methodology was used to investigate the pattern of
      interactions between twinning and personality in 127 monozygotic and 140
      dizygotic adult male twin pairs. Eighteen standard and three research scales from
      the California Psychological Inventory were used to identify differences in
      personality between twins discordant for smoking and in nonsmoking and ever
      smoking twins treated as individuals. Although no evidence was obtained for a
      significant heritability component in the smoking habit, numerous interactions
      between the twinning condition (e.g., monozygotic or dizygotic) and personality
      were identified. As expected, monozygotic twins discordant for smoking show fewer
      personality differences than do individuals discordant for smoking. Discordant
      dizygotic twins show more disparity than unrelated individuals. The only
      personality scale showing a consistent discriminating effect regardless of the
      twinning condition was that measuring socialization. Results are discussed in
      terms of the environmental conditions that may contribute differentially to the
      smoking behavior in related and unrelated individuals.

PMID- 3364225
TI  - Alcohol use and health behavior lifestyles among U.S. women: the behavioral risk
      factor surveys.
AB  - Alcohol use is a complex behavior, occurring in the context of an overall health
      lifestyle. We used data from a nationally representative telephone survey (N =
      12,467 women) to examine associations between binge drinking, chronic drinking,
      and other health behaviors. Certain health-risk behaviors (e.g., smoking, drunk
      driving, and seatbelt nonuse) tend to cluster with alcohol misuse. These may act
      synergistically, thus augmenting the negative health effects of alcohol misuse.
      Conversely, some health behaviors (e.g., eating or exercising, particularly in
      response to stress) are negatively associated with alcohol misuse and may serve
      similar functions for some women. Finally, binge drinking occurs more frequently
      among women who may have relatively restrictive eating behaviors and higher
      levels of interpersonal stress. Our findings suggest that alcohol prevention and
      treatment programs should address sociodemographic and health lifestyle factors
      that initially predispose an individual to engage in health-risk behaviors and
      should recognize the interdependent patterns of behaviors associated with alcohol
      misuse. This approach will help prevent substitutions, recurrence, or induction
      of detrimental behaviors and will identify potentially negative interactions
      between existing concurrent health-risk behaviors.

PMID- 3364226
TI  - Effects of alcohol conditioning and expectancy on a visuo-motor integration task.
AB  - Two experiments were performed in which the classical conditioning model of
      tolerance, the habituation theory of tolerance, and state dependent learning
      theory made conflicting predictions. In the first experiment, alcohol
      conditioning did not produce a compensatory response under placebo on a visuo
      motor integration task, but disguised alcohol produced a large decrement in
      performance. Since the results were consistent both with habituation and state
      dependent learning theories, a second experiment was performed in which all
      subjects received alcohol, but half were told that they were receiving pure tonic
      water. The finding of no expectancy effect was inconsistent with habituation
      theory, but fully consistent with state dependent learning theory.

PMID- 3364227
TI  - Alcoholics' attributions of factors affecting their relapse to drinking and
      reasons for terminating relapse episodes.
AB  - This study was designed to examine alcoholics' attributions about their relapses.
      The subjects were 36 male alcoholic participants in a study of the effectiveness
      of group behavioral marital therapy (BMT) for alcoholism. Subjects' treatment
      condition had been determined by random assignment to either the BMT,
      interactional marital therapy, or control group. At a two year posttreatment
      follow-up interview, subjects were asked what they thought the main reasons were
      for starting and stopping drinking in their two most recent relapses. Subjects'
      responses showed that both interpersonal and psychological factors were perceived
      to affect relapses, with some treatment group differences in how relapses were
      viewed. Subjects reported a variety of factors in their stopping drinking, with
      anticipation of negative consequences the most frequently reported reason. The
      treatment groups did not differ on their attributions for relapse termination.
      The results were interpreted as replicating and extending previous studies of
      relapse among alcoholics by showing the importance of spouse and other family
      members in subjects' attributions of relapse and their termination.

PMID- 3364228
TI  - Affect and addiction.
AB  - Prominent among theories of drug abuse are those that emphasize an effort to cope
      with painful, unpleasant affects and to replace them with positive affects. In
      this study, four subjects with varied histories of drug use and abuse rated the
      relevance of a list of affects to situations from their current life and past.
      Each subject described three situations involving drug use, three situations
      following the use of drugs, three in which they wanted to use drugs but did not
      or could not, and three unrelated to drugs. The ratings for each subject were
      factor analyzed to determine which groups of situations were similar in terms of
      their association with specific affect ratings. In addition, the ratings for the
      group of four subjects were factor analyzed. The group data analysis showed three
      clusters of situations in terms of those expressing a wish for drugs, those
      following the use of drugs, and those involving drugs. The individual factor
      analyses showed individual variation in drug preference, affects associated with
      the use of drugs, and affects associated with the absence of drugs. However,
      generally drugs appeared to be associated with the presence of positive affective
      states and the removal of unpleasant affects associated with other, non-drug use
      situations.

PMID- 3364229
TI  - Failure to support the validity of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire as a
      measure of physiological tolerance to nicotine.
AB  - We tested the validity of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire as a measure of
      physiological tolerance to nicotine. Both clinical and laboratory studies found
      neither the total questionnaire score nor the individual questionnaire items were
      related to physiological tolerance as measured by heart rate, skin conductance,
      blood volume pulse, and skin temperature responses to smoking a cigarette. We
      hypothesize the questionnaire measures behavioral dependence or perceived
      dependence rather than physical dependence.

PMID- 3364230
TI  - Smoking topography and nicotine blood levels.
AB  - Frequency and durational components of smoking topography were measured by a
      portable smoking device while 10 subjects smoked four cigarettes ad libitum in a
      non-laboratory environment. Nicotine blood levels were measured before and after
      smoking each cigarette and serial blood samples for determining nicotine
      metabolic half-life were obtained the following day. Results showed that change
      in pre- and post-cigarette nicotine levels and metabolic half-life for nicotine
      were not related to within-cigarette topography measures or nicotine yield of
      cigarette, but were significantly related to intercigarette interval.

PMID- 3364232
TI  - Oxygen transport to tissue X. Proceedings of the 15th annual meeting of the
      International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. July 22-24, 1987, Sapporo,
      Japan.

PMID- 3364233
TI  - Oxygen transport to tissue during recurrent blood flow supply by grouped
      capillaries in skeletal muscle with or without facilitated diffusion.

PMID- 3364231
TI  - Coping strategies, reasons for driving, and the effect of self-monitoring in
      drinking-driving situations.
AB  - Male and female volunteers, who were drinking regularly but had not been
      convicted of DUI, were recruited for interviews about their past drinking
      episodes in a variety of locations and the reasons why they had or had not driven
      after drinking. The results of the initial interviews were used to compile a
      catalog of reported strategies and reasons for not driving after drinking,
      reported reasons for driving after drinking, and reported strategies to avoid
      detection or arrest when driving after drinking. Following the initial interview,
      each subject was randomly assigned to either a self-monitoring group or a no self
      monitoring control group for three monthly follow-up interviews. The results of
      the follow-up revealed no apparent effect of self-monitoring on a variety of both
      drinking and drinking-and-driving measures.

PMID- 3364235
TI  - Patterns of O2-dependence of metabolism.
AB  - 1. In O2 regulating systems, mitochondrial O2 uptake is stabilized as O2
      availability declines by means of metabolite signals that simultaneously activate
      glycolysis; the consequent Pasteur effect is an attempt to make up the energy
      deficit arising from O2 limitation. 2. In O2 conforming systems, the regulatory
      link between the ETS and glycolysis is seemingly lost. The advantage of O2
      conformity is that it avoids the Pasteur effect; the cost is an exaggerated
      dependence of mitochondrial respiration on O2 availability. 3. The VO2(max) of
      man and other low-altitude adapted animals follows the O2 conforming pattern; at
      altitudes equivalent to the peak of Everest, the VO2(max) is only slightly
      greater than RMR. Again, key regulatory interactions between the ETS and
      glycolysis seem to be missing, so the energy deficit is tolerated (lactate
      production during exercise to exhaustion is less in hypobaric hypoxia than in
      normoxia). 4. The O2 conformity of VO2(max) in mammals may be explained by
      inherently inefficient O2 delivery systems in which low Km and low kcat
      cytochrome oxidase function would be selected. O2-limited maximum mitochondrial
      respiration helps to explain what would otherwise be a perplexing observation:
      why over a 10(4) range of mass-specific muscle metabolic rates, the peak O2
      uptake rates per unit mitochondrial volume are always the same at VO2(max). 5.
      The concept of O2-limited mitochondrial respiration predicts that more efficient
      O2 delivery systems, such as tracheoles found in insect flight muscles, should
      support much higher in vivo cytochrome oxidase turnover rates. As far as can be
      currently evaluated, this prediction is realized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3364234
TI  - The cytosolic redox is coupled to VO2. A working hypothesis.

PMID- 3364237
TI  - Liver organelle changes on exposure to hypoxia.
AB  - Exposure of mice to hypoxia reduces the length of each element of endoplasmic
      reticulum. This may shorten the path length of oxygen within the cell and have an
      adaptive advantage. There were no significant changes in the other organelles.

PMID- 3364236
TI  - Fractal analysis of blood-tissue exchange kinetics.

PMID- 3364238
TI  - Control of non-respiratory metabolism by tissue oxygen.
AB  - Many intracellular enzymes are activated or inactivated by S-thiolation. The
      extent of this depends on the local oxygen tension. Thus oxygen should not be
      considered as an enzyme poison for certain enzymes but as a regulatory of
      metabolic activity.

PMID- 3364239
TI  - Blood gas analysis using fluorescence and absorption indicators in optical
      sensors (optodes) with integrated excitation and fluorescence detection on
      semiconductor basis.

PMID- 3364240
TI  - Computed point spread functions for light in tissue using a measured volume
      scattering function.

PMID- 3364241
TI  - Temperature dependence of enzyme optodes as exemplified by the glucose optode.

PMID- 3364242
TI  - A simple fibre optic apparatus for measurement of the oxy-haemoglobin binding
      isotherm.

PMID- 3364243
TI  - Absorbance profile of red blood cell suspension in vitro and in situ.

PMID- 3364244
TI  - Estimation of the transfer coefficients of oxygen and carbon monoxide in the
      boundary of human and chicken red blood cells by a microphotometric method.
AB  - The reaction rates of O2 and CO with the human and chicken red blood cell (RBC)
      were measured by using a microphotometric apparatus. In the experiments on the
      human RBC, a small amount of RBCs were put in an air-tight reaction cuvette. Gas
      mixtures containing various concentrations of O2 and CO were sequentially
      injected into the cuvette and the change in O2 and CO saturation of hemoglobin
      was measured from the change in transmission of the RBCs at 402 and 416.5 nm. The
      reaction rate of CO with RBCs was significantly influenced by photodissociation
      of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). To eliminate this, a short-pass filter (400 to 435
      nm) and a sector (100 Hz) were used. By comparing the measured reaction rates of
      O2 and CO with the theoretical rates obtained from the numerical solutions of the
      partial differential equations of the diffusions of O2 and CO, the transfer
      coefficients of O2 and CO (eta O2 and eta CO) in the RBC boundary, including the
      RBC membrane and water layer around the RBC, were estimated. Both the values
      showed good agreement, ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 x 10(-6) cm.sec-1.Torr-1.
      Furthermore, the chorioallantoic capillary of chicken embryo was used for the
      measurements of the reaction rates of O2 and CO with RBC through the capillary
      membrane. The reaction rates of O2 and CO in the chorioallantoic capillary were
      slower than those obtained in the human RBC. By comparing the measured reaction
      rates and the numerical solutions, the eta O2 and eta CO in the boundary,
      including the capillary membrane, plasma, and RBC membrane, were estimated. These
      two values ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 x 10(-6) cm.sec-1.Torr-1 and showed good
      agreement. These results suggest that the diffusion rates for O2 and CO across
      the capillary and RBC membrane are similar.

PMID- 3364246
TI  - Clinical evaluation of continuous venous oxygen saturation monitoring during
      anesthesia.
AB  - Clinical evaluation of continuous SvO2 monitoring during anesthesia was made in
      14 surgical patients utilizing a fiberoptic reflectometry system combined with a
      pulmonary artery flow-directed balloon catheter. On-line values for SvO2 by the
      system were closely related to those obtained in vitro from a Radiometer ABL-300.
      There was a good correlation between changes of in vivo SvO2 and corresponding
      changes in cardiac index. We also observed that there was a significant
      correlation between SvO2 and oxygen extraction ratio. Our data indicate that
      continuous SvO2 monitoring during anesthesia can provide on-line information not
      only about hemodynamic state but also on oxygen transport.

PMID- 3364245
TI  - Color analysis method for studying oxygen transport in hemoglobin solutions using
      an image-input and -processing system.
AB  - A method for quantitative analysis of hemoglobin color to estimate the oxygen
      saturation was developed. The method uses an image-input and -processing system
      composed of a 3-tube video camera and a digital image analyzer. Using the system
      connected to a microscope, facilitated diffusion of oxygen in hemoglobin
      solutions was observed and analyzed in a position-sensitive way. The results
      confirmed its applicability to this study and gave information about the
      diffusion mechanism expressed by the empirical formula J = kY, where J is the
      flux of oxygen, Y is the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and k is a constant.

PMID- 3364247
TI  - Continuous measurement of oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in awake live
      animals.
AB  - For continuous measurement of both SO2 and [Hb] of whole blood, a hybrid type
      optical sensor was developed, tested in vitro and applied to the continuous
      measurement of arterial and mixed venous SO2 and [Hb] of awake live animals whose
      circulation was entirely supported by a pair of artificial hearts. The purpose of
      using artificial hearts was to control the cardiac function precisely and to
      obtain independent responses of the peripheral circulatory system. Both sensors
      in the arterial and venous circuits functioned satisfactorily for a duration of
      40 days; no blood clots were observed around the sensor and the mixed venous SO2
      varied sensitively in response to changes in the respiratory status, pump output,
      [Hb], and oxygen consumption, thus showing that it could be used as an indicator
      to evaluate the adequacy of oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues.

PMID- 3364248
TI  - A graphical analysis of the influence of red cell transit time, carrier-free
      layer thickness, and intracellular PO2 on blood-tissue O2 transport.

PMID- 3364249
TI  - Estimation of the oxygen transport to tissues from an in vitro measurement of
      whole blood passage time and venous blood PO2 in diabetics.

PMID- 3364250
TI  - Oxygen tension measurements using an oxygen polarographic electrode sealed in an
      implantable silastic tonometer: a new technique.
AB  - Our new method is comparable to the standard, "open-end" tonometer system and
      incorporates all its abilities to monitor oxygen tension and perfusion. The new
      device has the advantage of being completely sealed, providing a true, continuous
      direct measurement over several days, with freedom of movement for the patient
      without operator attention and with improved stability of the electrode, which
      minimizes the drift artifacts previously encountered. These improvements will
      facilitate routine clinical monitoring of tissue oxygen tension.

PMID- 3364251
TI  - Tissue oxygen uptake from the atmosphere by a new, noninvasive polarographic
      technique with application to corneal metabolism.
AB  - A standard Clark electrode has been modified to continuously monitor the PO2 in a
      thin, disk shaped reservoir membrane mounted on the electrode membrane surface.
      In vitro tests were conducted to determine the proportionality constant between
      the rate of change of reservoir PO2 and the flux of O2 out of the reservoir. The
      device was then used to determine the corneal O2 uptake on proptosed eyes of
      previously sacrificed rabbits. Our average measured uptake at 20 degrees C, 1.7
      microliter/cm2.hr, agrees with the value 2.3 microliters/cm2.hr calculated from a
      diffusion analysis of the cornea utilizing literature values of the parameters at
      37 degrees C for the three component layers of the cornea when they are adjusted
      for temperature to 20 degrees C.

PMID- 3364252
TI  - Oxygen reaction vessels.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen electrodes were modified to be more suitable as a component
      of oxygen reaction vessels. The temperature control system was removed from the
      transcutaneous electrode to decrease the thickness and improve the stability. The
      temperature control system was incorporated in the metal sleeve surrounding the
      glass reaction vessel to shorten the distance between the magnetic stirrer and
      stirring bar, enabling smooth stirring with a short magnetic bar. With these
      modifications, we have succeeded in reducing the vessel volume to about 0.5 ml,
      or two to four times smaller than reaction vessels incorporating unmodified
      transcutaneous electrodes (vessel volume = 1-2 ml) and about twenty times smaller
      than reaction vessels using rod-shaped Clark electrodes (vessel volume about 10
      ml). In another vessels modified as above, two optical guides were connected to
      the metal sleeve for irradiating the solution and receiving transmitted light
      simultaneously to enable simultaneous measurements of oxygen concentration
      absorption spectra. The relationship between oxygen concentration and absorption
      spectra of Hb is described as an application of this vessel.

PMID- 3364253
TI  - Comparison between P50 measured by automatic analyzer on microsamples in buffer
      solution and by tonometric method on whole blood.

PMID- 3364254
TI  - Influences of carbon monoxide on the binding of oxygen, carbon dioxide, proton
      and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to human hemoglobin.
AB  - In an attempt to estimate the influences of CO on the CO2 Bohr effect and the 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate (DPG) effect linked to the reversible binding of O2 to the
      hemoglobin molecule (Hb), O2 dissociation curves of human blood in the presence
      of CO were investigated at 37 degrees C over a DPG concentration ranging from 2.2
      to 4.3 mmol/(1RBC) and a pH range of 7.2 to 7.6. The sample with a low DPG
      concentration was made by incubating whole blood for 6 hrs, whereas the
      saturation of Hb with CO, SCO in the sample was adjusted by anaerobically mixing
      completely carboxygenated blood with that free of O2 and CO so as to give the
      final SCO at either 0, 10, 15, 20, 40 or 50%. The blood samples thus prepared
      were diluted at 1:100 in isotonic buffer solution and were equilibrated with gas
      mixtures containing O2 ranging from 1 to 9% and CO2 from 4 to 9%. The SO2 and SCO
      values of diluted red cell suspensions were examined by means of a dual
      wavelength spectrophotometric method based on the isosbestic points for reduced
      Hb, HbO2 and HbCO. The extinction difference at 562.7 and 578.0 nm was monitored
      as a measure of SO2, while that at 570.1 and 584.6 nm was recorded for
      determining SCO. Fitting the experimental results by the Hill equation, the
      coefficients describing allosteric interaction induced by CO2 hydration and by
      DPG in the presence of both O2 and CO were calculated for the total saturation,
      ST defined as the sum of SO2 and SCO, ranging from 20 to 90%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364255
TI  - Coupling of hemodynamics to diffusional oxygen mass transport.

PMID- 3364256
TI  - Evidence that changes in blood oxygen affinity modulate oxygen delivery:
      implications for control of tissue PO2 gradients.

PMID- 3364257
TI  - Effects of high O2 affinity of blood on oxygen consumption (VO2) of dog gracilis
      muscle at varying O2 delivery.
AB  - To clarify the influence of high O2-affinity blood on oxygen consumption by
      peripheral tissue, we perfused the dog gracilis muscle alternately with normal
      and low P50 blood at constant CaO2 and varying blood flows. VO2 was plotted
      against O2 delivery which was a product of CaO2 and blood flow. VO2 of the
      resting dog gracilis muscle was O2 delivery-dependent below a critical O2
      delivery of 0.40 ml/min.100g, but became delivery-independent above this level.
      This relationship was essentially the same as that observed in rat skeletal
      muscle (Kolar and Jansky, 1984), and was independent of the O2 affinity of blood,
      both qualitatively and quantitatively, although the PVO2 was significantly lower
      in the perfusions with the high affinity blood than in those with normal blood.
      The average PVO2 value by which the delivery-dependent and -independent VO2
      regions were separated decreased from 33 Torr in the normal perfusions to 20 Torr
      in the high O2 affinity perfusions. In conclusion, the elevation of blood O2
      affinity does not induce any reduction in VO2, and thus hypoxia, in resting
      skeletal muscle under normoxic conditions when O2 delivery is not below the
      critical level.

PMID- 3364258
TI  - Measurement of rat brain spectra.
AB  - A method of optically monitoring oxygen saturation of blood haemoglobin in the
      rat brain stem was developed. Optical fiber bundles were attached to the orifices
      of both ears of the rat to irradiate incident light from one ear and receive
      transmitted light from the other ear. Absorption spectra were measured using a
      white-light source and a photodiode array spectrophotometer. Stable measurements
      of optical time courses and absorption spectra were made using this "ear-to-ear"
      path. Oxygen saturation levels were calculated from spectra by using a suitable
      reference and an improved method of determining spectral peak heights.

PMID- 3364259
TI  - The simultaneous measurements of tissue oxygen concentration and energy state by
      near-infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The oxygenation and energy states of brain tissues were measured simultaneously
      by near-infrared photometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in situ.
      In both cat and dog, the critical hemoglobin oxygenation was 10%, below which the
      ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) to inorganic phosphate (Pi) started to fall. The
      fall of PCr/Pi paralleled the reduction of copper in cytochrome aa3. The
      separation of the cytochrome aa3 signal from that of hemoglobin by our optical
      method was confirmed by the substitution of blood by fluorocarbon solution. The
      energy-oxygen diagram (PCr/Pi against hemoglobin oxygenation, HbO2) was the same
      in normal- and fluorocarbon substituted cats, but energy curve shifted to the
      right in the latter when PCr/Pi plotted against the inspired oxygen, FiO2.

PMID- 3364260
TI  - Fiber optic surface fluorometry/reflectometry and 31-p-NMR for monitoring the
      intracellular energy state in vivo.
AB  - Various members of the respiratory chain exhibit different optical properties in
      the reduced and oxidized forms, thus enabling the non-invasive monitoring of
      various organs in vitro as well as in vivo. Since the pioneering work of Chance,
      Cohen, Jobsis and Schoener in 1962, many groups of investigators adopted their
      approach in monitoring NADH oxidation reduction states in vivo for the brain as
      well as for other body organs. In 1972, we introduced flexible, optical fibers
      into the surface fluorometry replacing the usual "rigid" optical system used by
      other groups. During the last decade, this technique has been developed, improved
      and applied to many experimental setups in brain research and very recently was
      combined with 31P NMR spectroscopy for the puppy and the adult dog brain in vivo.
      In our system, the effects of movement artifacts and changes in blood oxygenation
      are negligible while the effects of tissue absorption or blood volume changes are
      considerable and could be minimized by subtraction of the reflectance signal from
      that of the fluorescence (1:1 ratio) providing the corrected fluorescence signal.

PMID- 3364261
TI  - Effects of physiological factors on oxygen transport in an in vitro capillary
      system.

PMID- 3364262
TI  - The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation and
      dissociation rate of carboxyhemoglobin in anesthetized rats: spectroscopic
      approach.
AB  - By measuring near-infrared transmittance spectra, we examined the effect of HBO
      on cerebral Hb oxygenation in normal and ischemic brain in the anesthetized rat.
      The oxygenation state of Hb was around 80% in the rat brain under 1 ATA air
      breathing. HBO did not induce further cerebral Hb oxygenation above 2 ATA in
      control animals but improved tissue oxygenation in the ischemic brains. The
      oxidation-reduction state of cyt. aa3 in the normal brain was not affected by
      HBO. In the ischemic brain, however, HBO prevented ischemia-induced reduction of
      cyt. aa3. Non-invasive optical monitoring of COHb with visible reflectance
      spectrophotometry was also examined. HBO markedly accelerated dissociation of
      COHb. Tight correlation was found between the optical signal and COHb content
      determined from blood samples. These results demonstrated the usefulness of
      optical monitoring in vivo under hyperbaric conditions.

PMID- 3364263
TI  - Brain tissue temperature: activation-induced changes determined with a new
      multisensor probe.
AB  - Local brain tissue oxygen tension, temperature, and electrical potential were
      continuously and simultaneously measured at each of two different depths in
      anesthetized, paralyzed rat brain. Brain tissue temperature increases up to 1
      degree C were recorded in response to direct electrical stimulation, spreading
      depression, PTZ-induced seizures, hypercapnia, and hypoxia. An increase in brain
      tissue temperature was also recorded during reoxygenation after hypoxia. Thus, we
      have shown that, in this preparation, increases in either blood flow or oxidative
      metabolism lead to transient warming of the brain.

PMID- 3364265
TI  - Brain protection against oxygen deficiency by nizofenone.
AB  - The cerebral protective effect of nizofenone against tissue oxygen deficiency was
      investigated in mice. Treating mice with nizofenone resulted in a dose-dependent
      decrease in the rate of KCN-induced mortality and significant protection was
      observed at a dose as low as 0.3 mg/kg (i.p.). The cerebroprotective action of
      nizofenone was also demonstrated biochemically: Nizofenone (10 mg/kg i.p.)
      ameliorated KCN-induced anoxic disorder of cerebral energy metabolism,
      characterized by irreversible depletions of cerebral high energy phosphate stores
      and glucose concentrations and a marked accumulation of lactate, while keeping
      the cerebral energy charge potential (ECP) close to its normal value. Nizofenone
      showed similar effects in another experiment in which cerebral metabolic disorder
      was induced by complete ischemia following decapitation. These findings suggest
      that nizofenone has a considerable cerebroprotective action against oxygen
      deficiency.

PMID- 3364264
TI  - Autoregulation of intracellular PO2 in aplysia giant neurons and response of
      neuronal activity following changes in extracellular PO2.

PMID- 3364266
TI  - The influence of the calcium antagonists flunarizine and verapamil on cerebral
      blood flow and oxygen tension of anesthetized WFS-rats.
AB  - The beneficial influence of calcium antagonists in restoring the disturbed
      circulation and metabolism towards its normal level has been described for a
      variety of circulatory disorders (arteriosclerosis, ischemia, hypertension). To
      date, however, little information exists concerning the physiological effects of
      the blocking molecules on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen tension at the
      organ surface (sPO2). White rats (Wistar-Fromter strain, N = 56, 180-250 g bw)
      were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazin, and artificially ventilated until normal
      acid-base status was achieved. Polarographic multi-wire O2 and H2 electrodes (15
      microns diameter, 1 g weight) were balanced on the open brain through a cranial
      window drilled into the skull-cap in order to perform surface PO2 and hydrogen
      clearance measurements. Two different calcium antagonists, verapamil and
      flunarizine, were tested in order to verify structural differences of the
      molecules. Infusion of verapamil (7.5 micrograms/kg.min) and flunarizine (0.3
      mg/kg.min) induced an increase in CBF by 55%/h (verap.) and by 62%/h (flun.)
      respectively while the controls (infusion of equal amounts of ringer-lactate)
      remained constant, ranging between 0.5 and 2.7 ml/g.min (n = 25 measurements).
      Surface PO2 improved distinctly in response to verapamil (39% increase) but was
      uneffected by flunarizine (less than 1%). Both drugs, however, lowered MAP by 18%
      (verap.) and by 33% (flun.) respectively probably due to peripheral
      vasodilatation and to the lowering of heart minute volume. In comparison with
      flunarizine the small MAP change after verapamil has resulted in the rise in CBF
      and sPO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364267
TI  - Ventricular systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) and contractile state (Emax)
      determine myocardial oxygen demand.
AB  - We have briefly reviewed the recent advances in the understanding of primary
      determinants of cardiac oxygen consumption (Vo2). We focused on our own
      experimental findings that Vo2 is a function of left ventricular systolic
      pressure-volume area (PVA), as a measure of total mechanical energy generated by
      contraction, and the left ventricular contractility index (Emax). We conclude
      that the cardiac oxygen demand of the ongoing contractions is equivalent to Vo2
      and is a precise function of PVA and Emax whether coronary oxygen supply is
      normal or mildly limited in the excised, cross-circulated dog left ventricle.
      However, when the coronary oxygen supply is severely limited, Vo2 may not always
      be equivalent to the oxygen demand capability shown by the heart when its
      coronary oxygen supply is restored.

PMID- 3364268
TI  - Cardiac metabolism as an indicator of oxygen supply/demand ratio.
AB  - We evaluated the anti-ischemic effect of drugs by using the inhibition of
      glycolytic flux at the level of the phosphofructokinase (PFK) reaction, caused by
      ischemia, as an indicator of the oxygen supply/demand ratio in the ischemic
      myocardium. Ischemia was induced by ligating the left anterior descending
      coronary artery in the open-chest dog. After 3 min of coronary ligation, the
      ischemic myocardium was removed. The endocardial portion of the myocardial sample
      was used to determine the levels of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6
      phosphate (F6P) and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), and the ratio of [( G6P] +
      [F6P])/[FDP] was calculated in order to assess the rate of glycolytic flux at the
      PFK stage. Either saline or drug (propranolol, 1 mg/kg; carteolol, 100
      micrograms/kg; nadolol, 1 mg/kg; nifedipine, 10 micrograms/kg; diltiazem, 100
      micrograms/kg; verapamil, 100 micrograms/kg; and flunarizine, 1 mg/kg) was
      injected intravenously 5 min before coronary ligation. In the saline-treated
      heart, ischemia increased the levels of G6P and F6P, whereas it decreased the
      level of FDP. The ratio of ([G6P] + [F6P])/[FDP] was increased by ischemia from
      2.2 to 23.6, suggesting the inhibition of glycolytic flux at the level of the PFK
      reaction. In the drug-treated heart, ischemia increased the levels of G6P and
      F6P, but the increases were smaller than those in the saline-treated heart.
      Pretreatment with propranolol, nadolol, diltiazem, verapamil, flunarizine
      attenuated the increase in the ratio of ([G6P] + [F6P])/[FDP] caused by
      ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364269
TI  - The different contributions of coronary blood flow to changes in myocardial
      oxygen consumption between excised and in situ canine hearts.
AB  - The correlations of CBF-MVO2 and AVD-MVO2 were analyzed by linear regression
      analysis in three groups of canine heart preparations. CBF correlated well with
      MVO2 in all cases of in situ heart preparations, and the sensitivity of CBF to
      changes in MVO2 was high. In contrast, AVD, rather than CBF, correlated well with
      MVO2 in all cases of excised hearts, and the sensitivity of CBF to changes in
      MVO2 was low. The different manner of oxygen delivery in excised hearts from that
      in situ hearts can be attributed to the characteristics of its coronary perfusion
      and the impaired mechanism of metabolic vasoregulation in the coronary
      vasculature.

PMID- 3364270
TI  - Myocardial capillary flow pattern as determined by the method of coloured
      microspheres.
AB  - In summary, it can be said that in spite of possible limitations, this technique
      provides previously unattainable data on capillary flow pattern in the
      myocardium. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the following
      anatomical and physiological concepts should be incorporated in any further
      modelling of oxygen transport to myocardium: (1) Concurrent flow pattern (2)
      Presence of short capillary loops (3) Presence of capillary bundles (4) Staggered
      arrangements of arteriolar inflow to capillary network.

PMID- 3364272
TI  - Improving cardiocirculatory parameters and oxygen transport capacity by shifting
      the pH to the alkaline side.

PMID- 3364271
TI  - In vivo comparison of non-gaseous metabolite and oxygen transport in the heart.

PMID- 3364273
TI  - Myocardial oxygen tensions during ischaemia in fluorocarbon diluted pigs.
AB  - Previous work by the authors has shown that, following ligation of the left
      anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), myocardial oxygen tension (PmO2) in
      expected areas of maximal ischaemia is maintained at the expense of ischaemic
      border zones of the infarct area. Post-ischaemic haemodilution with the
      fluorocarbon containing plasma substitute Fluosol-DA 20% (FDA) could
      significantly improve PmO2 and pre-ischaemic haemodilution can delay myocardial
      ischaemia. We now present an analysis of the pattern of PmO2 changes to be seen
      when myocardial ischaemia is induced following prior haemodilution with FDA. Two
      groups of juvenile Yorkshire pigs were anaesthetised with intraperitoneal
      thiopentone, intubated and ventilated with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen.
      After placement of cardiovascular monitoring lines, a thoracotomy was performed.
      The pericardium was opened and 4 steel-protected gold microelectrodes were placed
      in the terminal supply area of the LAD in such a way that 2 electrodes were in
      the area of myocardial ischaema to be produced. One group of pigs were bled (20
      ml/kg) and the loss was replaced with equal volumes of FDA. The animals were
      ventilated with halothane and oxygen and the terminal LAD was ligated. Electrode
      outputs were recorded on a flat bed recorder and analysed. LAD occlusion in the
      control animals resulted in similar changes in PmO2 to those described
      above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364274
TI  - The influence of oxygen tension on membrane potential and tone of canine carotid
      artery smooth muscle.
AB  - In vascular smooth muscle of canine carotid artery segments the decrease in
      oxygen tension from approximately 550 mmHg to approximately 30 mmHg leads to a
      dose-dependent hyperpolarization and relaxation of the vessel strip. At PO2
      values below approximately 15-20 mmHg depolarization and subsequent contraction
      were found. All changes of the parameters investigated were reversible.
      Indomethacin (10(-5) M) had no significant effect on the hypoxia-dependent
      potential and tension changes. The hyperpolarized part of the activation curve
      was obtained by plotting tension versus membrane potential values.

PMID- 3364275
TI  - Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide.

PMID- 3364276
TI  - Relationship between alveolar-arterial PO2 and PCO2 differences and the contact
      time in the lung capillary.
AB  - From the numerical solutions of simultaneous O2 and CO2 diffusions in the RBC, we
      calculated the P(A-a)CO2 by varying the tc at various PvO2 and PvCO2 levels,
      whereas the PAO2 and PACO2 were kept constant at 90 and 40 Torr, respectively.
      From the results we could clarify the relationship between the P(A-a)CO2 and the
      tc and its dependency on PvO2 and PvCO2. Furthermore, the influence of the tc on
      the C(a-v)O2, C(v-a)CO2 and R was clarified quantitatively.

PMID- 3364277
TI  - Relationship between cardiorespiratory dynamics and maximal aerobic capacity in
      exercising men.
AB  - Cardiorespiratory dynamics was tested in 10 men exercising with a relative
      intensity of 50% VO2max for 10 min. Time constants for cardiac response (SV 21.7
      sec, HR 45.8 sec, Q 21.7 sec) were shorter than those for the ventilatory
      response (of 27.4 sec, VT 70 sec, VE 69.5 sec). Respiratory dynamics was
      significantly related to the level of VO2max exhibited by the subjects: (f) r =
      0.79, p less than 0.02; (VT) r = 0.63, p less than 0.05; (VE) r = 0.78, p less
      than 0.01. It is concluded that in man the dynamics of the ventilatory response
      to exercise depend on the actual level of VO2max in the individual.

PMID- 3364279
TI  - Non-invasive pulse oximetry during lung lavage.

PMID- 3364278
TI  - Oxygen uptake and surfactant replacement.

PMID- 3364280
TI  - Effects of combined resistive loading on the respiratory pattern and the
      subject's perception.
AB  - The physiological and psychophysical effects of combined flow resistive loads
      were studied systematically by using the Multistage Evaluation Scale (MES),
      determining the number of Just Noticeable Difference (JND) steps, and
      constructing equivalent resistive-load-sensation contours. During combined
      resistive loading, the relative changes of inspiratory and expiratory peak flow
      rate (VImax/VEmax) were related to both the JND step number and the inspiratory
      versus expiratory resistance ratio (IR/ER). However, the ratio VImax/VEmax was
      related to the IR'/ER' ratio only. The subject's perception of combined loads
      differing both in intensity and IR/ER ratio could be well depicted by the
      equivalent resistive-load-sensation contours. Hence we could define a model for
      predicting the physiological and psychophysical effects of various resistive
      loading conditions.

PMID- 3364281
TI  - Home oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3364282
TI  - Erythrocyte aggregation as a determinant of blood flow: effect of pH, temperature
      and osmotic pressure.
AB  - The effect of pH, temperature and osmotic pressure on velocity of erythrocyte
      aggregation was quantitatively examined with a rheoscope combined with a video
      camera, an image analyzer and a computer, (a) in an artificial medium containing
      fibrinogen and albumin and (b) in diluted autologous plasma. (1) With increasing
      pH of the medium, the velocity of erythrocyte aggregation increased. (2) The
      velocity of erythrocyte aggregation in the artificial medium increased as the
      temperature rose. However, in 70% autologous plasma the velocity was minimum at
      15-18 degrees C, increasing both above and below this temperature (above 30
      degrees C, the velocity saturated). (3) The velocity of erythrocyte aggregation
      decreased in hypotonic medium, while it increased in hypertonic medium (at
      osmotic pressures higher than 400 mOsm, the velocity decreased). The mechanism of
      erythrocyte aggregation is discussed with special reference to the morphological
      changes produced by pH, temperature and osmotic pressure, and the implications of
      the phenomena for oxygen transport to tissues in (patho)physiological situations
      are considered.

PMID- 3364283
TI  - Dependence of O2 transfer conductance of red blood cells on cellular dimensions.
AB  - To estimate the significance of the dimensions of RBC on O2 transfer, the
      kinetics of O2 release from RBC into medium containing dithionite (40 mmol/l) was
      measured, by a stopped-flow technique, for nine different species with varying
      RBC size (man, llama, vicuna, alpaca, dromedary camel, pygmy goat, domestic hen,
      muscovy duck and turtle). The observed O2 transfer kinetics were found to be size
      dependent, i.e. the O2 transfer conductance of the single RBC, gst, was lower,
      whereas the specific O2 transfer conductance of packed RBC, Gst, or of whole
      blood, theta st, was higher for smaller RBC. The ratio of surface area to
      effective diffusion path length which was found to be about one fourth of the
      mean cell thickness irrespective of cell size and cell shape, may be considered
      as the essential morphological factor determining O2 transfer efficiency of the
      single RBC.

PMID- 3364284
TI  - Effect of hepatic blood oxygenation on bile secretion in rats.
AB  - The effect of hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic tissue blood oxygenation on bile
      flow was studied in anesthetized rats by reflectance spectrophotometry. The
      hepatic hemodynamics and blood oxygenation were assessed by reflectance
      spectrophotometry. The hepatic ischemia was induced by partial ligation of portal
      vein and hepatic hypoxia was induced by inhalation of low concentration of
      oxygen. 1. The ischemia decreased hepatic blood volume index and hepatic blood
      oxygenation, and diminished bile flow. 2. Respiratory hypoxia suppressed hepatic
      oxygenation with minimal change of hepatic blood volume, and it also reduced the
      bile flow. 3. Bile flow was related hyperbolically with hepatic oxygenation and
      its dependency in hepatic ischemia and respiratory hepatic blood hypoxia
      identical. It is concluded that the hepatic tissue blood oxygenation affects
      hepatic energy metabolism, thus affecting the bile secretion.

PMID- 3364286
TI  - Muscle PO2 in the initial phase of increased local oxygen demand (rhythmical
      muscle contraction) in rats with portacaval shunt (PCA).
AB  - The influence of a hyperdynamic syndrome caused by PCA on PO2 distribution in
      skeletal muscle of rats during the initial phase of muscle activity was examined.
      Rhythmical muscle contraction of the m. biceps femoris was induced by direct
      electrical stimulation. Tissue PO2 of the contracting muscle was recorded
      continuously from the start of the 210 s-long activity period up to 140 s after
      the last contraction using a multiwire surface electrode. In comparison with
      controls no different behaviour of mean muscle PO2 in the initial phase of
      contraction was found. After muscle activity mean PO2 decreased to a lower level
      in rats with PCA than in controls. This might be a further indication of the
      disturbing influence of a hyperdynamic syndrome on the regulating mechanisms of
      the microcirculation.

PMID- 3364285
TI  - In vivo estimation of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in hepatic lobules in rats.
AB  - We developed a system for the in vivo estimation of oxygen saturation of
      hemoglobin in the sinusoidal blood of periportal and pericentral regions of
      hepatic lobules in rats. There was a marked heterogeneity in blood oxygenation
      and oxygen gradients within hepatic lobules. The sinusoidal blood oxygenation was
      reduced in some pericentral regions within hepatic lobules following acute
      ethanol ingestion, suggesting an occurrence of perivenular hypoxia in the liver
      after acute ethanol consumption.

PMID- 3364287
TI  - Circadian course of PO2-oscillations in skeletal muscle of intact and portacaval
      shunted (PCA) rats.
AB  - In rats several circadian rhythms such as heart rate, body temperature, and
      locomotor activity are known. Several authors found a loss of day-night-rhythm
      (locomotor activity, EEG) after portacaval shunting (PCA). The aim of this study
      was to evaluate whether muscle PO2 oscillations are circadian and whether they
      are altered after time-limited hypercirculation caused by PCA. 126 days after
      operation tissue PO2 of m. rectus abdominis of 9 rats with PCA and 10 controls
      was measured with a multi-wire surface electrode. All animals were kept under
      constant conditions and each animal was measured 6 times at intervals of 4 hours
      in order to get a circadian PO2 course. In controls the circadian course of mean
      muscle PO2 resembled a sine oscillation with high values at night and low values
      in the afternoon. In PCA-rats the time course of mean muscle PO2 showed 3
      oscillations with different amplitudes, each with a period length of 24 hours.
      Our results indicate that oscillations of muscle PO2 are determined principal by
      circadian locomotor activity and that time-limited hypercirculation influences
      the circadian course of mean muscle PO2.

PMID- 3364288
TI  - The effect of amino acid infusion on partial pressure of oxygen in pelvic urine
      of the rat.
AB  - Renal function decreases with age, but the precise mechanism of the decrease is
      unknown. Recently, Brenner et al. have proposed the hypothesis that high protein
      intake may injury renal function in various clinical settings including the aging
      kidney. Since connective tissue in the renal papilla changes with age, high
      protein intake may have some deleterious effect on the renal papilla. In this
      study, the effect of amino acid infusion on partial pressure of oxygen of pelvic
      urine was examined in the rat. After amino acid infusion, glomerular filtration
      rate significantly increased and partial pressure of oxygen of pelvic urine
      decreased, while partial pressure of oxygen of arterial blood remained unchanged.
      The findings imply that high protein intake may affect the renal papilla both
      acutely and chronically through renal medullary hypoxia.

PMID- 3364289
TI  - The role of high flow capillary channels in the local oxygen supply to skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 3364290
TI  - Diffusion pathway of oxygen in ox lung.
AB  - The diffusion coefficients of cell membranes of pneumocytes plus endothelial
      cells, cytosol plus blood plasma, erythrocyte membranes, and hemoglobin solution
      in erythrocytes were estimated from the fluorometrically measured membrane
      viscosity. The time course of oxygen partial pressure distribution was
      numerically calculated in a model for the pathway of oxygen in the lung. The high
      viscosity of the phospholipid bilayers seems to cause a reduction in the rate of
      oxygenation of the hemoglobin solution.

PMID- 3364291
TI  - Tissue PO2 and functional capillary density in chronically ischemic skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - In order to study changes in functional capillary density and tissue PO2 in
      chronically ischemic skeletal muscle, a new model, using the Syrian golden
      hamster was developed. In the hamster dorsal skin fold, which receives its
      vascular supply from two cranial and two caudal feeding arteries, a double frame
      chamber was implanted and ischemia was induced in the cranial part by heat
      coagulation of the cranial arteries outside of the chamber. This technique allows
      for analysis of microvascular hemodynamics and local tissue PO2 prior to and
      during a prolonged period of ischemia in skin muscle. As result of ischemia the
      diameters of the arterioles increased (p less than 0.001) over the whole 11 day
      observation period. Functional capillary density decreased significantly (p less
      than 0.01) during the first 7 days, while capillary RBC-velocity was reduced
      throughout the 11 days of observation. RBC-velocity in collecting venules was
      diminished significantly throughout the postischemic observation period. The
      diameters of the collecting venules first increased upon ischemia (p less than
      0.001) but were found decreased at 4, 7 and 11 days. Measurements of tissue PO2
      demonstrated a marked decrease from a mean PO2 of 20.5 mmHg prior, to 9.5 mmHg
      following induction of ischemia. The model allows for induction of chronic
      ischemia and is suitable to study the effect of therapeutic measures on the
      microcirculation in chronically ischemic skeletal muscle in vivo.

PMID- 3364292
TI  - Effects of methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin) on regional blood flow and
      vascular resistance: radioactive microsphere techniques.

PMID- 3364293
TI  - The effects of the proliferation of the radial arteries of the placenta on oxygen
      transport to the fetal guinea pig.
AB  - The adjustment of placental blood flow during pregnancy is related to progressive
      structual changes in the placental arteries. In guinea pig, massive growth has
      also been shown to be associated with widening of the uterine radial arteries.
      The rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation into uterine radial arteries during
      pregnancy was studied in guinea pig as a measure of local DNA synthesis. And the
      oxygen partial pressure was used to investigate how the oxygen transport is done
      between mother to fetus. During the first half of pregnancy, 3H-thymidine was
      incorporated at the rate of about 1,000 Bq/mg.h. The initial rate during
      pregnancy is similar to the rate observed during estrus. This observation suggest
      that the same factors stimulate DNA synthesis during gestation and estrus. The
      rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation per vessel length increased with the injected
      dose of estradiol benzoate. We suppose that estradiol is one of the control
      factors in DNA synthesis in uterine radial artery. The oxygen partial pressure in
      amniotic fluid was about 110 mmHg on various days of gestation and no significant
      changes were observed with time. For these reasons, estrogen is supposed to be
      one of the control factors in oxygen transport to fetus.

PMID- 3364294
TI  - Preferential oxygen supply to the brain and upper body in the fetal pig.
AB  - In the fetal pig over 50% of the oxgenated umbilical venous blood bypasses the
      liver via vascular channels of over 100mu diameter which appear to act as a
      ductus venosus (DV). In the present experiments the oxygen levels (pO2, SO2 and
      O2 content) in the fetal carotid (CA) and femoral (FA) arteries were measured to
      determine whether preferential streaming of the oxygenated blood is maintained
      from the bypass to the foramen ovale and thence through the left heart to the
      upper body, as in other species. The results were obtained from 12 piglets
      catheterized and maintained in utero under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia.
      Significant CA-FA differences in pO2, SO2 and O2 content were observed in these
      fetuses during both normoxaemia and hypoxaemia showing that a higher level of
      oxygen can be maintained to the fetal head and brain over a wide range of
      oxygenation. These results confirm that the hepatic channels in the fetal piglet
      act as a fully functional DV.

PMID- 3364295
TI  - Ovarian blood flow and oxygen transport to the follicle during the preovulatory
      period.
AB  - The mechanism of ovulation, especially the mechanism of follicle rupture, is
      still uncertain. Ovarian blood flow, ovarian vessel morphology and oxygen
      transport to follicle were therefore studied during the preovulatory period.
      Japanese white rabbits, weighing 3.0-4.4 kg, were used as the experimental
      animal. Ovulation was induced by the administration of PMS (100 iu, IM) and hCG
      (100 iu, IV). The ovulation was observed at 10-13 h after hCG administration.
      Continuous measurement of ovarian blood flow was facilitated by the crossed
      thermocouple inserted into the unilateral ovary. The variation of ovarian blood
      flow was expressed as the percentage ratio based on the post-mortem value ( = 0%)
      and the initial value prior to hCG administration ( = 100%). Histologic changes
      of ovarian blood vessels were observed at intervals of every 2 hours after hCG
      administration. Oxygen transport to follicle was compared at 7 and 12 h after hCG
      administration. The ovarian blood flow increased rapidly within 1 h following hCG
      administration. High percentage increases were demonstrated during 2 h to 5 h,
      showing a peak value of 155.3 +/- 12.7% at 3 h. The ovarian blood flow decreased
      gradually from 5 h to 8 h and then was maintained at about 110% after 8 h. The
      perifollicular and stromal vasodilatations were confirmed at 2 h and moderate
      dilatation was observed during 4 h to 6 h. At 10 h, just prior to ovulation,
      vasodilatation became most remarkable especially at the apical vessels.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364296
TI  - Oxygen delivery to tissue: calculation of oxygen gradients in the cardiac cell.

PMID- 3364297
TI  - The analysis of PO2 difference between air space and arterialized blood in
      chicken eggs with respect to widely altered shell conductance.
AB  - The gas exchange of chicken eggs takes place by molecular diffusion. The
      diffusion barrier between ambient atmosphere and erythrocyte hemoglobin of the
      gas exchanger (the vascularized chorioallantoic membrane) is conveniently divided
      into two parts by the air space in the fibrous shell membranes; i.e., the outer
      barrier (mainly the porous eggshell) and the inner barrier (the chorioallantoic
      membrane and the chemical reaction with hemoglobin). In contrast to the alveolar
      arterial Po2 difference in vertebrate lungs, the difference of Po2 between the
      air space and the arterialized blood in the allantoic vein (delta PAo2.Pao2) is
      large in chick embryos. The present study analyzed the delta PAo2.Pao2 in
      relation to the diffusing capacity of the chorioallantoic membrane (inner
      barrier) and physiological shunt in the allantoic circulation with respect to
      widely altered diffusive conductance of the shell (outer barrier). The shell
      diffusive conductance (Go2) was altered of the beginning of incubation, and the
      O2 consumption (Mo2) was measured on day 16. The Mo2 increased hyperbolically
      with increasing Go2, reached a maximum at control values of Go2 and decreased
      with further increases in Go2. From Go2 and Mo2, the air space Po2 was
      determined. The delta PAo2.Pao2 was increased in eggs with augmented Go2 (from
      about 50 torr in control eggs to 70 torr in conductance-increased eggs). The
      diffusing capacity and allantoic shunt which produce a given delta PAo2.Pao2 were
      estimated employing a microcomputer performing the Bohr integration procedure so
      that a calculated Pao2 agreed with the measured Pao2. The allantoic shunt is not
      more than 20%; 10% is likely. The diffusing capacity becomes maximum in intact
      control eggs and is decreased at both lowered and augmented Go2. At lowered Go2,
      diffusion limitation is responsible for about 90% of delta Pao2.Pao2 even in the
      presence of a 10% shunt. The diffusion limitation to blood oxygenation decreases
      as Go2 increases, but it is still predominant at augmented Go2. In control eggs,
      the resistance of the inner barrier to O2 diffusion is about 1.7-fold that of the
      shell (outer barrier) which agrees with the previous reports.

PMID- 3364298
TI  - Wide variation of myoglobin contents in gizzard smooth muscles of various avian
      species.
AB  - We determined myoglobin contents of gizzards (muscular stomach) and breast
      muscles in 34 avian species by a modification of Reynafarje's spectrophotometric
      procedure. The birds were apparently differentiated into two groups in respect of
      the gizzard, one with a high myoglobin content (7.74 +/- 1.81 mg/g muscle) and
      the other with a low (1.54 +/- 0.41 mg/g). In the former group of 15 species all
      but one were herbivorous, and all but one were carnivorous or else omnivorous in
      the latter group of 19 species. The myoglobin level was considered to closely
      correlate with mechanical performance and therefore oxygen demands of the
      gizzards. It might also be relevant to a circulatory situation during the tonic
      contractions of this organs.

PMID- 3364299
TI  - Evaluation of oxygen diffusion distances in human breast cancer using cell line
      specific in vivo data: role of various pathogenetic mechanisms in the development
      of tumor hypoxia.

PMID- 3364300
TI  - Parallelism between transport inhibition and L1210 cell growth by ouabain.

PMID- 3364301
TI  - The effects of hypo- and hyperthermia on the oxygen profile of a tumour spheroid.

PMID- 3364302
TI  - A computer simulation of simultaneous heat and oxygen transport during
      heterogeneous three dimensional tumor hyperthermia.
AB  - Hyperthermia is a developing modelity for the treatment of cancer. This therapy
      is occasionally used by itself, however, usually it is used as an adjuvate with
      chemo or radiation therapy. The mechanism for this treatment is based on the fact
      that cancer cells are heated preferentially by heat application due to lower
      vascularity in the tumor tissue as compared with the surrounding normal tissue
      and that, when used with radiation therapy or chemo therapy, higher oxygen
      partial pressure in the tumor results in increased tumor cell damage. Appropriate
      mathematical models and their real time prediction of oxygen and temperature
      profiles could be very helpful in achieving optimal results via hyperthermia and
      to avoid possible danger which might occur during the treatment. Because of the
      complexity and the heterogeneous nature of physiological system, it is necessary
      to include heterogeneous properties in the mathematical models for them to be
      useful for biomedical calculations. Of course, it is much more difficult to solve
      mathematically the heterogeneous system than the homogeneous one. In this paper,
      the importance of the implementation of heterogeneities in the heat and mass
      transport for biological system mathematical modelling is discussed. Results of a
      three dimensional computer simulation of mass and heat transfer in tumor tissue
      with different capillary geometries during hyperthermia are demonstrated. The
      method used for the computer simulation is a deterministic/probabilistic
      technique, Williford-Bruley calculational strategy.

PMID- 3364303
TI  - Three dimensional reconstruction of branched tree structures from serial
      sections.
AB  - A process is described for the automatic registration and reconstruction of
      anatomical tree structures such as capillary networks in the microstructure of
      tissue. The technique uses images of, or images representing, a set of closely
      spaced parallel slices called "serial sections". The source of the serial
      sections may be MRI, multi-planar X-ray, multi-planar infra-red scans, or simple
      histological sections. A tree structure is defined as a structure consisting of a
      network of nested ducts, vessels or solid cores which branch and join with
      another such that one structure may appear as more than one distinct area in a
      single section, or in a series of sections. The reconstruction of such an object
      poses many problems which do not occur when restructuring objects which are so
      shaped that they can give rise to only one area in each section.

PMID- 3364304
TI  - Mathematical analysis of network topology in the cerebrocortical
      microvasculature.
AB  - The three-dimensional branching pattern of deep cerebrocortical capillary
      networks was reconstructed from histological sections. The distribution of blood
      flow in a mathematical model of the reconstructed network was calculated. The
      transit of red blood cells through the network was simulated by computer, and the
      total path length traveled by the cells was estimated. The results support both
      anatomical and hemodynamic heterogeneity of the cerebrocortical microvascular
      system.

PMID- 3364305
TI  - Analysis of oxygen delivery to tissue by microvascular networks.

PMID- 3364306
TI  - Characteristics of subjective insomnia in the elderly living at home.
AB  - Profiles of sleeping habits, subjective sleep quality, and mental and physical
      well-being were obtained from 1023 elderly individuals randomly sampled from the
      Nottinghamshire Family Practitioner Committee's records. Subjective insomnia at
      least 'sometimes' was reported by 37.9% of the sample. Discriminant analysis of
      selected health and demographic variables indicated that symptoms of anxiety, sex
      and self-ratings of health were the factors most influential in predicting
      reports of problem sleep. Thus, respondents classified as subjective insomniacs
      tended to have significantly higher anxiety scores, to be women, and to rate
      their health as below average. Relative to the non-insomniac respondents, those
      complaining of sleep problems also perceived their sleep latency as longer, and
      their total sleep as shorter. These results emphasize that, in addition to
      apparently 'normal' age-related changes in the structure of sleep, subjective
      insomnia in old age may often be mediated by the physical and psychological
      disorders which can accompany ageing.

PMID- 3364307
TI  - Why are Alzheimer patients thin?
AB  - Nutritional assessments were performed in three groups of hospitalized elderly
      women comparable in age and mobility: a group with Alzheimer's disease (ALZ), a
      multi-infarct dementia group (MID) and a nondemented group (ND). We have shown
      that: ALZ patients lose weight and on average weigh 21% less than ND patients and
      14% less than MID patients. This weight loss is not accounted for by any obvious
      deficit in food intake, or by malabsorption. Biochemical indices of nutrition are
      little different in the three groups. The reason for weight loss in ALZ remains
      uncertain.

PMID- 3364308
TI  - Thiamine status, vitamin supplements and postoperative confusion.
AB  - In a prospective, randomized, controlled study an intravenous vitamin B complex
      and vitamin C preparation was administered pre- and post-operatively to 28
      elderly patients with a fractured proximal femur and compared with 32
      nonsupplemented postoperative controls. Vitamin supplementation significantly,
      though only transiently, improved postoperative thiamine status (P less than
      0.001), but had no influence on mental state or outcome during the postsurgical
      period. Therefore, the use of parenteral vitamins for postoperative confusion
      cannot be justified on a routine basis.

PMID- 3364309
TI  - The excretion of large vitamin C loads in young and elderly subjects: an ascorbic
      acid tolerance test.
AB  - An ascorbic acid tolerance test is described for assessing vitamin C status. The
      test is simple to administer and suitable for elderly patients. It involves
      giving an oral load of 1 g ascorbic acid in water and then measuring urinary
      excretion of vitamin C over the next 6 h. The excretion pattern at dosing has
      been studied in ten young subjects. The result of the ascorbic acid tolerance
      test in these young subjects was significantly different after supplementation
      with 1 g ascorbic acid daily for 1 month. Two series of elderly patients were
      also studied with the ascorbic acid tolerance test. They had low initial plasma
      ascorbic acid levels and much less vitamin C was excreted in the urine after
      dosing. Seven of these elderly patients were then supplemented with 1 g ascorbic
      acid for 1 month. After supplementation the initial plasma levels and their
      response to the ascorbic acid tolerance test became similar to that seen in
      younger subjects.

PMID- 3364310
TI  - Contribution of the elderly to a district hospital combined gastroenterology
      clinic.
AB  - The contribution of the elderly to the workload of a combined consultative
      District Hospital Gastroenterology Clinic has been studied over a 12-year period.
      The elderly group comprise 24% of the total referrals with a gradually increasing
      trend over successive years. The service implications are discussed and the main
      diagnostic categories reviewed. Particular attention is drawn to the low
      incidence of functional gastroenterological disorders in the elderly and the
      corollary that there is a high chance of an organic explanation for the
      presenting complaints.

PMID- 3364311
TI  - Gonadal dysgenesis: on mature reflection!
AB  - It is unusual for disorders of sexual differentiation to be first diagnosed in
      old age. We describe a case of 46XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, aged 93 years at the
      time of diagnosis, the oldest patient with this disorder ever reported.

PMID- 3364312
TI  - Epidemiology of intermittent claudication: evaluation of risk factors.
AB  - Information from a geriatric health screening programme (Dunedin Program) was
      used to study the prevalence and risk factors predisposing to intermittent
      claudication (IC) in 1704 ambulatory elderly subjects. Risk factors studied
      included reported symptoms and diseases, mediation use, haematological and
      biochemical findings. The prevalence of IC reported by Dunedin participants was
      14.1% for women and 14.4% for men. There was a positive relationship between IC
      and the number of other diseases and symptoms reported (P less than 0.0001).
      Serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly higher in
      subjects reporting IC. Systolic blood pressure was higher in men and women
      reporting IC, but no significant relationship was observed with diastolic blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3364313
TI  - Congestive heart failure due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the
      elderly.
AB  - Congestive heart failure in the elderly which might be due to treatment with
      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was studied by means of a questionnaire sent
      to the participants of a postgraduate course on locomotor disease in the elderly,
      and also by analysis of the hospital records of 600 elderly subjects diagnosed
      with congestive heart failure. The questionnaire revealed 22 possible cases,
      reported by 20 physicians (84 physicians out of 243 responded). In the hospital
      population five probable cases were detected. Details of these patients are
      presented. In contrast with findings in the literature, solute retention was in
      no case the result of kidney function impairment. The specific problems regarding
      the attribution of this adverse effect are discussed. The results of our study
      provide further evidence that congestive heart failure due to nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drug treatment is a probable adverse drug reaction in elderly
      individuals with or without a history of impaired cardiac performance. It may
      result from drug toxicity following (relative) overdosing in this age group, from
      reduced effectiveness of concomitant diuretic treatment or from effects on
      cardiovascular homoeostasis.

PMID- 3364314
TI  - A reno-gastric fistula.

PMID- 3364315
TI  - [Prolactin-secreting adenoma].

PMID- 3364316
TI  - Excreto-urinary renal tumor by thorotrast. Radiation and histologic analysis.

PMID- 3364317
TI  - [Method of introduction and maintenance of the nephrostomy drain following
      percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

PMID- 3364318
TI  - [Percutaneous approach to urothelial tumors of the kidney].

PMID- 3364319
TI  - [Ectopic insertion of the ureter. Apropos of a case report].

PMID- 3364320
TI  - Calculous disease and its relationship to fibroepithelial polyps of the renal
      pelvis and ureter.

PMID- 3364321
TI  - [Continent urostomy. Ileal pocket and Benchkroune's valve].

PMID- 3364322
TI  - Rectangular vesical flap. Extraperitoneal suprapubic approach to close
      vesicovaginal fistulae.

PMID- 3364323
TI  - Intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder during transurethral resection of
      transitional cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3364324
TI  - [Solitary plasmocytoma of the urethra].

PMID- 3364325
TI  - [Our personal experience and proposal of 10 rules for corrective surgery of
      anterior hypospadias].

PMID- 3364326
TI  - [Rupture of a corpus cavernosum. Apropos of a case treated with a fascia lata
      patch].

PMID- 3364327
TI  - An outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in a family.
AB  - Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis was diagnosed in three members of a New Mexico
      family that had recently attended a family reunion in Iowa. The treating
      physicians rapidly documented an outbreak of atypical pneumonia in the family.
      The clinical features and epidemiology of the outbreak suggest histoplasmosis was
      contracted during exposure in an abandoned barn. Fever, chills and myalgia were
      the most common symptoms; shortness of breath occurred frequently.

PMID- 3364328
TI  - Sternoclavicular dislocation.

PMID- 3364329
TI  - Approach to a dark spot on the conjunctiva.
AB  - Although malignant melanoma most often develops in the skin, it can also arise in
      several layers of the eye. Therefore, new dark brown or black spots on the
      conjunctiva must be recognized during physical examination and then evaluated.
      When melanoma is suspected, there should be no hesitation in performing
      excisional biopsy under local anesthesia. The differential diagnosis includes
      melanocytic nevi and primary or secondary melanosis.

PMID- 3364330
TI  - AIDS statements.

PMID- 3364331
TI  - Viral hepatitis.

PMID- 3364332
TI  - Predeposited autologous blood.

PMID- 3364333
TI  - Identification of anatomically extensive coronary artery disease by the exercise
      ECG ST segment/heart rate slope.
AB  - To assess the ability of the ST segment/heart rate (ST/HR) slope to identify
      three-vessel coronary disease and the relationship between the ST/HR slope and
      the anatomic extent of disease as determined by the Gensini and Duke jeopardy
      scores, the exercise ECGs of 128 patients with stable angina were compared with
      findings at coronary cineangiography. A ST/HR slope greater than or equal to 6
      microV/beat/min identified three-vessel coronary disease with a sensitivity of
      93% compared with sensitivities of only 50% for early positive standard test
      responses (p less than 0.001) and 66% for markedly positive standard test
      responses (p less than 0.01). The negative predictive value of this ST/HR slope
      partition for three-vessel disease was 94%. Patients with ST/HR slopes greater
      than or equal to 6 who did not have three-vessel disease had anatomically more
      extensive obstruction than did patients with lower test values (mean Gensini
      score 43 +/- 5 vs 22 +/- 3, p less than 0.002 and mean jeopardy score 4.8 +/- 0.4
      vs 3.0 +/- 0.3, p less than 0.01). Test performance of the calculated ST/HR slope
      exceeded that of a simplified index derived by dividing the total change in ST
      segment depression by the total change in heart rate. These findings demonstrate
      that a ST/HR slope greater than or equal to 6 is highly sensitive for the
      identification of three-vessel coronary disease and also identifies patients with
      anatomically severe obstruction. A ST/HR slope less than 6 makes three-vessel
      coronary disease or otherwise anatomically extensive coronary obstruction
      unlikely.

PMID- 3364334
TI  - ST-T isointegral analysis of exercise stress body surface mapping for identifying
      ischemic areas in patients with angina pectoris.
AB  - ST-T isointegral analysis of body surface mapping was used in an attempt to
      localize ischemic areas on exercise tests. In 28 patients with angina pectoris
      and 10 healthy subjects, body surface potential was recorded with 87 leads, and
      ST isopotential and ST-T isointegral maps were constructed. In all 10 healthy
      subjects, the basic pattern of the ST-T isointegral map showed no significant
      change after exercise. In 23 of 28 patients with angina pectoris (82%),
      alterations in the ST-T isointegral map after exercise were observed. They were
      divided into four types (anterior, inferoposterior, lateral, and global)
      according to the distribution of negative values, which were well correlated with
      the extent of ischemic area determined by thallium myocardial scintigraphy and
      coronary angiography. The postexercise ST-T isointegral map was normalized after
      administration of nitroglycerin in four of five patients. In five patients (18%)
      who did not show abnormalities on the postexercise ST-T isointegral map, the
      magnitude of maximal ST depression was significantly smaller than that observed
      in the other 23 patients with angina pectoris (0.14 vs 0.23 mV on the average, p
      less than 0.05). It was concluded that the exercise test with ST-T isointegral
      mapping is a new method for noninvasive detection of location and severity of
      ischemic regions.

PMID- 3364335
TI  - Aortic and right atrial systolic pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation:
      a potential indicator of the mechanism of blood flow.
AB  - The absolute difference between aortic and right atrial systolic pressure
      (systolic pressure gradient) and the difference between the aortic diastolic and
      right atrial diastolic pressure (coronary perfusion pressure) were evaluated in a
      series of 63 adult mongrel dogs undergoing five different methods of
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Fluid-filled pressure monitoring catheters
      were placed in the ascending aorta and right atrium in each of the animals after
      induction of anesthesia with morphine sulfate and 1% halothane and oxygen. The
      animals were then fibrillated with a transvenous electrode catheter that had been
      introduced into a ventricle. After a "down time" of 3 minutes during which no CPR
      was performed, the animals' lungs were ventilated, and one of five methods of CPR
      was initiated. The systolic pressure gradient and coronary perfusion pressure
      were measured in all animals 1 minute after CPR was begun, and in all but the
      group undergoing open-chest cardiac massage after 7 minutes and 17 minutes of
      CPR. The systolic pressure gradient and coronary perfusion pressure were greatest
      during open-chest cardiac massage (true cardiac compression), intermediate in
      external mechanical CPR (Thumper) and standard CPR (greater in small dogs than
      large dogs), and lowest in CPR performed with a combined thoracic and abdominal
      vest apparatus (predominantly thoracic pump). The observation that the systolic
      pressure gradient between intrathoracic chambers is largest in open-chest cardiac
      massage and smallest in vest CPR suggests that similar measurements recorded
      during the performance of human cardiac resuscitation may be useful in
      determining the mechanism of blood flow.

PMID- 3364336
TI  - Epicardial mapping of polymorphous ventricular tachycardias induced in the canine
      heart with procainamide.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanisms of the arrhythmogenic and antifibrillatory action of
      procainamide, 24 episodes of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia were analyzed.
      They were induced electrically in 12 canine hearts before and after the
      administration of 40 mg/kg of procainamide. The isochronal maps of the epicardial
      activation sequence were successfully constructed by 40 simultaneously recorded
      bipolar electrograms in 14 of 17 episodes after procainamide. The isochronal maps
      showed a possible macroreentrant circuit in 12 episodes, and in four of them the
      functional block was noticed to have disappeared before the termination of
      tachycardia. This study suggests that procainamide predisposes the ventricle to
      reentrant tachyarrhythmias and that the dimension of the reentrant circuit
      induced is too large to be fragmented into multiple reentries, which results in
      the prevention of the development of ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3364337
TI  - Comparative effects of adenosine triphosphate on accessory pathway and
      atrioventricular nodal conduction.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has potent negative dromotropic effects on the
      atrioventricular (AV) node, but variable effects on accessory pathway conduction
      have been described. The effects of an intravenous bolus injection of 8 mg ATP on
      accessory pathway and AV nodal conduction were determined during
      electrophysiologic testing with controlled atrial and ventricular rates. AV
      conduction was monitored during atrial or ventricular pacing at a constant cycle
      length, 30 msec longer than the cycle length at which block occurred. During
      atrial pacing antegrade block after administration of ATP occurred in 1 of 30
      (3.2%) patients with accessory pathway conduction and 12 of 13 (92%) patients
      with AV nodal conduction (p less than 0.001). During ventricular pacing only 5 of
      26 (16%) patients had accessory pathways blocked, whereas 25 of 35 (71%) patients
      with AV nodal conduction had block (p less than 0.001). Thus, failure of ATP to
      produce ventriculoatrial block identified the presence of an accessory pathway
      with a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 71%, and predictive value of 72%. There
      was no correlation between accessory pathway properties and the effects of ATP.
      The effects of ATP on the AV node were concordant with the effects of a
      combination of verapamil and propranolol in 21 of 23 patients, suggesting that
      this dose ATP is an equipotent AV nodal blocker with a short duration of action.
      Thus, although the effects of ATP on accessory pathways and the AV node differ,
      block in ventriculoatrial conduction after administration of ATP cannot be used
      as the sole criterion to distinguish the mechanism of conduction.

PMID- 3364338
TI  - Comparison of lead dislodgment and pocket infection rates after pacemaker
      implantation in the operating room versus the catheterization laboratory.
AB  - To assess and compare the rates of lead dislodgment and pocket infection in
      patients having procedures performed in the operating room versus those performed
      in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, we reviewed the records of 85 adult
      patients who underwent 88 procedures, all performed by one surgical team and
      having complete follow-ups at our institution from October 8, 1979, through
      November 7, 1986. Forty-five patients underwent 46 procedures in the operating
      room, and 40 patients underwent 42 procedures in the cardiac catheterization
      laboratory. There was one instance of ventricular lead dislodgment noted among
      the 48 leads implanted in the operating room and one instance of ventricular lead
      dislodgment among the 58 leads implanted in the cardiac catheterization
      laboratory. No instances of atrial lead dislodgment were noted. No instances of
      pocket infection were noted among the 46 procedures performed in the operating
      room or in the 42 procedures performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
      We conclude that pacemaker implantation can be performed with equivalent safety
      and effectiveness in the cardiac catheterization laboratory and in the operating
      room.

PMID- 3364339
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of cocaine: an autopsy study of 40 patients.
AB  - From September 1983 through November 1986, autopsies were performed on 6810
      patients at the Office of the Maryland Medical Examiners; of these 40 had
      detectable cocaine, its metabolites, or both in body fluids. These patients were
      divided into two groups: natural cocaine-associated deaths (31 patients, mean age
      28 +/- 5 years, blood level of cocaine 5.3 +/- 8.1 mg/L) and homicide deaths with
      detectable cocaine (nine patients, mean age 33 +/- 8 years, blood level of
      cocaine 0.3 +/- 0.3 mg/L). Cocaine-associated deaths were compared to a control
      group of 27 victims of sudden traumatic death (mean age 34 +/- 5 years). Total
      thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery overlying
      mild coronary atherosclerosis occurred in one patient with cocaine-associated
      death. Results of histologic examination showed myocarditis (mononuclear
      infiltrate) in 8 of 40 (20%) patients dying with detectable cocaine in body
      fluids compared to 1 of 27 victims of sudden traumatic death (3.7%, p less than
      or equal to 0.05). Contraction band necrosis occurred in 25% of cocaine
      associated deaths compared to a 41% incidence among victims of sudden traumatic
      death. We conclude that myocarditis occurs frequently in patients dying of
      cocaine abuse and may represent microvascular injury.

PMID- 3364340
TI  - Color flow Doppler assessment of aortic regurgitation complicated by aneurysmal
      dilation and dissection of the ascending aorta in the Marfan syndrome.

PMID- 3364341
TI  - Influence of an extracorporeal artificial ventricle on native ventricular
      performance.

PMID- 3364342
TI  - Single coronary artery in association with anomalous right ventricular muscle
      bundles.

PMID- 3364343
TI  - Isolated coronary ostial stenosis in men.

PMID- 3364345
TI  - Late localized tamponade causing superior vena cava syndrome: an unusual
      complication of aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 3364344
TI  - Coronary artery fistula after mitral valve surgery.

PMID- 3364346
TI  - Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm due to penetrating injury of the chest: an
      echocardiographic diagnosis.

PMID- 3364347
TI  - Atrial septal aneurysm herniation across the mitral valve orifice in pulmonary
      atresia.

PMID- 3364348
TI  - Ischemic heart disease mortality in American Indians, United States, 1969-1971
      and 1979-1981.

PMID- 3364349
TI  - Doppler puts pressure on our hemodynamic thinking.

PMID- 3364350
TI  - Percutaneous transseptal balloon mitral valvuloplasty: the Chinese experience in
      30 patients.
AB  - The results of percutaneous transseptal balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PTBMV) in
      30 Chinese patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis are reported. PTBMV with the
      Inoue balloon catheter was successfully performed in 27 patients without any
      significant complications. The mean left atrial pressure decreased from 20.15 +/-
      6.75 to 7.06 +/- 4.54 mm Hg (p less than 0.001); mitral valve gradient decreased
      from 16.86 +/- 6.37 to 2.68 +/- 2.96 mm Hg (p less than 0.001); pulmonary
      systolic pressure decreased from 48.38 +/- 17.57 to 30.04 +/- 11.49 mm Hg (p less
      than 0.001); mitral valve area increased from 1.27 +/- 0.31 to 2.13 +/- 0.43 cm2
      (p less than 0.001). Results of follow-up examinations at 8 to 20 months showed
      that both subjective and objective improvement was well maintained. PTBMV is a
      highly effective and safe nonsurgical method of relieving mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3364351
TI  - Cardioprotective actions of nisoldipine in postreperfusion myocardial ischemia.
AB  - Nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine with calcium channel-blocking activity, was
      studied in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in cats. At an infusion rate of 3
      micrograms/kg/hr, nisoldipine did not significantly alter the product of mean
      arterial blood pressure and heart rate, the pressure-rate index. When infusion of
      nisoldipine was started 30 minutes after occlusion and continued for 5 1/2 hours,
      nisoldipine exerted a marked antiischemic effect. This effect was manifested as a
      significant reduction in necrotic myocardial tissue expressed either as a
      percentage of area at risk (p less than 0.01) or as a percentage of total left
      ventricle (p less than 0.01). The washout of creatine kinase into the circulation
      was also reduced in nisoldipine-treated cats. When nisoldipine infusion started
      at 60 minutes after ischemia, the effects were still significant (p less than
      0.05) but less striking, and when nisoldipine infusion was delayed until 90
      minutes after ischemia, no significant cardioprotection was observed. Nisoldipine
      also blunted the washout of creatine kinase into the peripheral circulation on
      reperfusion. Thus nisoldipine exerts a cardioprotective effect in cats during
      myocardial ischemia independent of reducing myocardial oxygen demand. The effect
      is optimal when nisoldipine is given during the first 30 minutes of ischemia and
      declines thereafter, reaching insignificant effects at 90 minutes.

PMID- 3364352
TI  - Postmenopausal use of estrogen and occlusion of coronary arteries.
AB  - The degree of coronary artery occlusion was compared between users and nonusers
      of postmenopausal estrogen among 933 female patients undergoing angiography
      between the ages 50 and 75 years in the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry.
      Users (n = 154) had less occlusion than nonusers (n = 779), and a significant
      increase in occlusion scores with age was evident for nonusers (p less than
      0.001) but not for users (p = 0.50). The age-adjusted odds ratios for use of
      postmenopausal estrogen among women with moderate and severe levels of occlusion
      of the coronary arteries were 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.73) and
      0.37 (95% confidence interval, 0.29 to 0.46), respectively, which indicated a
      statistically significant, apparent protective effect of postmenopausal estrogen
      on coronary occlusion. This effect was independent of the type of menopause or
      other risk factors but not independent of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
      levels. Higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels among users may
      indicate a biologic mechanism by which postmenopausal estrogen use lowers the
      risk of coronary occlusion.

PMID- 3364353
TI  - The effects of dopamine and dobutamine on regional function in the presence of
      rigid coronary stenoses and subcritical impairments of reactive hyperemia.
AB  - Intraluminal stenosing cylinders were inserted in the coronary arteries of open
      chest, anesthetized dogs to assess the sensitivity of sympathomimetic infusion
      for detection of subcritical impairment of reactive hyperemia. Observations were
      made at rest and during steady-state infusions of dopamine and dobutamine (each
      10 micrograms/kg/min) before and after placement of the cylinder. Each stenosis
      was associated with subcritical impairment of postocclusion reactive hyperemia at
      rest. The degree of impairment was used to stratify experiments into mild (group
      A) and moderate (group B) cohorts. In group A, reactive hyperemia was 217 +/- 55
      cc/min prior to cylinder placement and 82 +/- 17 cc/min (p less than 0.002) after
      insertion. In group B, reactive hyperemia was 235 +/- 54 cc/min and 63 +/- 7
      cc/min (p less than 0.001) before and after insertion. Both drugs resulted in a
      significant increase in regional shortening (ultrasonic crystal technique) in the
      absence of a stenosis. After creation of the stenoses, dopamine continued to
      cause a significant increase in shortening in both groups, whereas this increase
      was impaired in group B during dobutamine infusion (14.8 +/- 5.9% at rest vs 21.4
      +/- 10.3% during infusion, p = NS). Thus, with subcritical lesions in a single
      vessel, dobutamine infusion was associated with depressed regional function when
      reactive hyperemia was impaired by more than 80%.

PMID- 3364354
TI  - The effects of acute ischemia on the isovolumic index.
AB  - The isovolumic index is the ratio of the duration of isovolumic contraction (IVC)
      and relaxation (IVR) divided by ejection time (ET), and has been proposed as a
      more sensitive descriptor of ventricular performance than the systolic time
      index, which ignores the period of isovolumic relaxation. To determine the
      effects of acute ischemia on these indices, IVC, IVR, and ET were measured in
      seven open-chest dogs instrumented with high-fidelity micromanometers and
      ultrasonic crystals and subjected to a 10-second period of coronary occlusion.
      Fractional shortening was significantly impaired (18.4 +/- 6.9% vs 1.9 +/- 7.3%,
      p less than 0.001) during coronary occlusion. ET was unaffected by the brief
      ischemia, whereas IVC time showed directional shortening that attained
      statistical significance (55 +/- 7 msec control vs 50 +/- 6 msec, p less than
      0.01) at 8 to 10 seconds. IVR time was prolonged by occlusion, significantly so
      at 6 to 8 seconds (72 +/- 26 msec control vs 88 +/- 22 msec, p less than 0.01)
      and at 8 to 10 seconds (81 +/- 19 msec, p less than 0.05). The systolic time
      index showed no deterioration during ischemia, whereas the isovolumic index did
      not show directional prolongation. Assessment of IVC, IVR, and ET at the time of
      the maximal change in the isovolumic index revealed significant changes of IVC
      and IVR (each p less than 0.05 vs control), though ET and the systolic time index
      were unchanged. Through incorporation of IVR, the isovolumic index was more
      sensitive to acute brief ischemia than the systolic time index.

PMID- 3364355
TI  - Comparative electrocardiographic and myocardial blood flow effects of rapid
      atrial pacing and dipyridamole infusion in dogs with chronic coronary artery
      occlusion.
AB  - Altering regional myocardial flow by the use of potent vasodilators as well as
      increasing oxygen demand by exercise have been employed as diagnostic methods for
      detecting coronary arterial obstruction. We sought to define the relative
      capabilities of these two methods to produce abnormal ECG patterns and to alter
      myocardial blood flow after Ameroid constriction of the left circumflex coronary
      artery. Atrial pacing to rates of 210 beats/min was performed, followed by
      intravenous administration of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg of dipyridamole. ECGs were
      recorded to construct body surface isopotential distributions. Flow was measured
      by serial injections of radiolabelled microspheres. In 15 animals studied after 3
      to 5 weeks of Ameroid constriction, pacing increased epicardial flow by 19.14 +/-
      7.11% but reduced endocardial flow by 35.69 +/- 12.32%, with a significant
      reduction (to less than 0.67) in the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio in 12
      (80%) dogs; both endocardial and epicardial flows were significantly lower in the
      ischemic than in the nonischemic bed. Ten dogs developed abnormal ST segment
      responses of subendocardial ischemia. In contrast, dipyridamole produced a dose
      dependent rise in both endocardial (25.33 +/- 8.54% and 55.80 +/- 9.22% after
      0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) and epicardial (29.13 +/- 7.49% and 66.33 +/-
      7.64% after 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) flows without a significant fall in
      the transmural ratio. These increases were, however, significantly less than
      those observed in nonischemic bed flow, resulting in a transventricular gradient
      of blood flow. No dog developed abnormal ECG patterns after dipyridamole
      infusion. Thus pacing produces both a transmural and a transventricular gradient
      in blood flow, whereas vasodilation causes only a transventricular flow
      abnormality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364356
TI  - Relationship of QRS scoring system to enzymatic and pathologic infarct size: the
      role of infarct location.
AB  - A method for estimating infarct size from 12-lead ECGs has been developed but not
      extensively validated. To assess its accuracy, ECG scores from 62 patients
      admitted to the coronary care unit at Barnes Hospital were compared to infarct
      size calculated from plasma MB creatine kinase (MB-CK) activity. A second cohort
      of 29 patients enrolled in the Multicenter Investigation of the Limitation of
      Infarct Size (MILIS) was evaluated as a test set and to provide pathologic
      correlates. Patients with conduction system disease, ventricular hypertrophy, or
      multiple infarctions were excluded, as were those in the Barnes group who had
      undergone thrombolytic therapy. ECGs obtained early (days 3 to 7 in the Barnes
      group and day 3 in the MILIS group) or late (days 8 to 14 in the Barnes group)
      were scored manually and by computer. QRS scores from early ECGs of patients with
      anterior infarctions correlated closely with MB-CK estimates of infarct size (r =
      0.71 [Barnes] and 0.85 [MILIS] and with anatomic data (r = 0.78). Enzymatic and
      pathologic infarct size also correlated well (r = 0.85). Correcting for body
      surface area by means of total CK-derived infarct size or use of QRS scores from
      late ECGs did not alter the correlation coefficients. Among patients with
      inferior infarctions QRS scores corresponded poorly with MB-CK infarct size (r =
      0.28 [Barnes] and r = -0.42 [MILIS]) and pathologic infarct size (r = -0.20),
      despite a significant relationship between pathologic and MB-CK estimates (r =
      0.62).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364357
TI  - Prospective evaluation of a discriminant function for prediction of recurrent
      symptomatic ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in coronary
      artery disease patients receiving amiodarone and having inducible ventricular
      tachycardia at electrophysiologic study.
AB  - Induction of ventricular tachycardia (VT) at electrophysiologic study in patients
      taking amiodarone poorly predicts recurrence of VT. Consequently, a discriminant
      function was developed (using parameters based on retrospective data) that
      appeared to identify high-risk patients. These parameters included ventricular
      effective refractory period, corrected QT interval, initiation of a repetitive
      ventricular response and the mode of VT induction. In the present study these
      parameters were prospectively evaluated in 60 patients with coronary artery
      disease and sustained VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF), in whom VT was still
      induced at electrophysiologic study during amiodarone therapy. Thirteen patients
      had recurrent events (sudden death in 8 and sustained VT in 5) and 47 patients
      had no symptomatic arrhythmia recurrence (follow-up for 16 +/- 2 months, mean +/-
      standard error of the mean). The ventricular effective refractory period,
      corrected QT interval and presence of a repetitive ventricular response did not
      discriminate between patients with and without symptomatic arrhythmia recurrence.
      However, an easier mode of VT induction during amiodarone therapy versus control
      was highly predictive of arrhythmia recurrence: 9 of 13 (69%) recurrences were in
      this group. In contrast, only 4 of 44 (9%) patients who had either the same or
      harder mode of VT induction had a recurrent event. Overall, 9 of 16 (56%)
      patients with an easier mode of VT induction had a recurrence, including 6 of the
      8 patients with subsequent sudden cardiac death. It is concluded that
      electrophysiologic testing during amiodarone therapy is useful to identify high
      risk patients.

PMID- 3364358
TI  - Effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on atrial latency and atrial vulnerability
      in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - To assess the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on atrial latency and atrial
      vulnerability, the electrophysiologic properties of the atrium were studied
      before and during intravenous infusion of isoproterenol at 2 to 5 micrograms/min
      in 11 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia exhibiting atrial
      latency during programmed atrial extrastimulation. In all patients, the
      isoproterenol infusion reduced the extent of maximum atrial latency (from 86 +/-
      19 to 62 +/- 16 ms, p less than 0.001). This was accompanied by a significant
      shortening of both effective and functional refractory periods of the atrium
      (from 213 +/- 31 to 174 +/- 40 ms, p less than 0.005 and from 259 +/- 31 to 215
      +/- 29 ms, p less than 0.001, respectively). The intra-atrial and interatrial
      conduction times were also significantly reduced (from 24 +/- 15 and 63 +/- 17 to
      15 +/- 10 and 48 +/- 15 ms, p less than 0.005, respectively). In 3 patients with
      demonstrable atrial vulnerability, the isoproterenol infusion abolished the
      inducibility of repetitive atrial responses or atrial flutter, or both. Although
      the clinical significance of the suppressive action of beta-adrenergic
      stimulation on atrial vulnerability remains to be determined, the present study
      has demonstrated that beta-adrenergic stimulation significantly reduces atrial
      latency.

PMID- 3364359
TI  - Use dependence of amiodarone during the sinus tachycardia of exercise in coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - The QRS duration at rest and during exercise was studied in 19 patients with
      coronary artery disease before and after oral amiodarone therapy to determine if
      this drug produces detectable rate-dependent conduction slowing during
      physiologic increases in heart rate. QRS duration did not change significantly
      during exercise in the absence of the drug. However, after amiodarone, QRS
      duration at rest increased from 99 to 114 ms (p less than 0.001), and increased
      further from 114 to 127 ms (p less than 0.001) during the 45 beats/min mean
      increase in heart rate produced by exercise. The magnitude of this effect was
      related to the resting QRS duration. After amiodarone therapy, the QRS increased
      during exercise by only 6% in 8 patients with QRS less than 110 ms, while in 12
      patients with QRS greater than or equal to 110 ms, the QRS increased by 15% (p
      less than 0.05). Rate-dependent conduction slowing occurs during the sinus
      tachycardia of exercise in patients treated with amiodarone, presumbably due to
      use-dependent sodium channel blockade. This result is most pronounced in patients
      with abnormal ventricular conduction at rest.

PMID- 3364360
TI  - The pulmonary circulation in essential systemic hypertension.
AB  - Seventy-one men, ages 16 to 59 years, were referred for systemic hypertension,
      which was without detectable cause and with limited organ damage (World Health
      Organization stages I to II). They performed a graded exercise test on the
      bicycle ergometer in the sitting position. Mean brachial intraarterial pressure,
      mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures and cardiac output (Fick method) were
      measured. At rest mean brachial artery pressure ranged from 72 to 168 mm Hg. Mean
      pulmonary wedge pressure was significantly (p less than 0.05) related to mean
      brachial artery pressure at rest, at submaximal work (50 watts) and at the end of
      exercise (161 +/- 42 [standard deviation] watts). In each subject pulmonary
      vascular resistance was calculated as the slope of the relation between the
      pressure gradient across the pulmonary circulation and cardiac output from data
      at rest, at 50 watts and at the end of exercise; mean critical closing pressure
      was calculated as the intercept of this relation. Pulmonary vascular resistance
      averaged 0.63 +/- 0.37 mm Hg/liter/min and was significantly related to age (r =
      0.28, p less than 0.05) but not to rest brachial artery pressure (r = 0.14) or
      pulmonary wedge pressure (r = 0.09, difference not significant for both). The
      mean critical closing pressure averaged 6.1 +/- 4.0 mm Hg and was not related to
      brachial artery pressure (r = -0.08) or to age (r = -0.18, difference not
      significant for both). It is concluded that there is neither a primary nor a
      secondary effect of systemic hypertension on the pulmonary vasculature in
      patients with World Health Organization stages I to II essential hypertension.

PMID- 3364361
TI  - Arterial distensibility and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Arterial distensibility estimated by carotid femoral pulse wave velocity was
      evaluated in 22 patients with sustained essential hypertension, together with 3
      different methods of blood pressure (BP) measurement: mercury sphygmomanometer,
      semiautomatic BP recording using the Dinamap apparatus and 24-hour ambulatory BP
      monitoring using a Spacelabs monitor. Although pulse wave velocity did not
      correlate with BP measured by mercury sphygmomanometer, it strongly and
      positively correlated with BP measurements using the other 2 procedures. The best
      correlation was observed with ambulatory BP with respect to systolic BP only (r =
      0.685, p less than 0.001). Since cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in
      hypertensive patients is mainly related to lesions of the large arteries, the
      determination of pulse wave velocity together with ambulatory BP measurements is
      proposed for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk.

PMID- 3364362
TI  - Determinants of anterior mitral leaflet fluttering in pure aortic regurgitation
      from pulsed Doppler study of the early diastolic interaction between the
      regurgitant jet and mitral inflow.
AB  - Fluttering of the anterior mitral leaflet may be absent in patients with moderate
      to severe aortic regurgitation (AR), suggesting that the volumetric severity of
      AR alone does not determine the presence or absence of abnormal diastolic mitral
      valve motion. Fifteen patients with moderate to severe AR and normal mitral
      valves, 9 of whom demonstrated anterior mitral leaflet fluttering, were studied
      to elucidate the determinants of abnormal anterior mitral leaflet motion in these
      patients. Pulsed Doppler mapping of the flow-velocity disturbance of AR
      demonstrated its presence in the third of the left ventricular outflow tract
      adjacent to the anterior mitral leaflet in 8 of 9 patients with anterior mitral
      leaflet fluttering and none of the 6 patients without anterior mitral leaflet
      fluttering (p less than 0.02). The impact of this regurgitant jet on early
      diastolic transmitral inflow was examined with pulsed Doppler in these 2 groups
      of patients with AR and in age-matched control subjects. Deceleration of early
      diastolic transmitral filling was slower in patients with AR and anterior mitral
      leaflet fluttering than in age-matched control subjects (283 +/- 107 vs 457 +/-
      176 cm/s2, p less than 0.02), whereas it was not significantly different from
      controls in AR patients without anterior mitral leaflet fluttering. This resulted
      in significant prolongation of the duration of early diastolic transmitral
      filling in patients with AR and anterior mitral leaflet fluttering (297 +/- 93 vs
      203 +/- 44 ms for age-matched control subjects, p less than 0.02), which was not
      observed in patients with AR who did not have anterior mitral leaflet
      fluttering.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364363
TI  - Doppler assessment of changes in right-sided cardiac hemodynamics after pulmonary
      thromboendarterectomy.
AB  - It is not known whether Doppler echocardiography can accurately follow changes in
      right-sided cardiac hemodynamics after a therapeutic intervention in patients
      with pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension. Therefore, Doppler measurements of the
      maximal velocity of the tricuspid regurgitant jet and the acceleration time of
      the PA velocity profile were obtained in 28 patients before and after pulmonary
      thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic PA hypertension. Doppler values
      were compared with hemodynamic variables obtained at cardiac catheterization.
      Postoperatively, decreases in mean PA pressure (50 +/- 14 to 28 +/- 8 mm Hg),
      transtricuspid systolic pressure difference (69 +/- 21 to 36 +/- 14 mm Hg) and
      Doppler measurement of the maximal velocity of the tricuspid regurgitant jet (4.1
      +/- 0.7 to 2.7 +/- 0.5 m/s) were noted, while acceleration time increased (57 +/-
      16 to 94 +/- 18 ms, all p less than 0.001) compared with preoperative values. For
      the population as a whole, the calculated systolic transtricuspid pressure
      difference determined from the maximal velocity of tricuspid regurgitation
      correlated well with the catheterization systolic transtricuspid pressure
      difference (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and the acceleration time correlated
      with mean PA pressure (r = -0.81, p less than 0.001). More importantly, the
      change in the maximal velocity of tricuspid regurgitation for postoperative
      patients was found to correlate with the change in catheterization systolic
      transtricuspid pressure difference (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001), while the
      change in acceleration time correlated weakly with the change in mean PA pressure
      (r = -0.41, p = 0.053).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364365
TI  - Arrhythmogenesis of antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 3364364
TI  - The calamity of cardioversion of conscious patients.

PMID- 3364366
TI  - Cardiology by the numbers and cost-containment.

PMID- 3364367
TI  - Isolated left main coronary artery stenosis and mediastinal radiotherapy as an
      etiologic factor.

PMID- 3364368
TI  - Comparison of outcome of resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in
      persons younger and older than 70 years of age.

PMID- 3364369
TI  - Short- and long-term reproducibility of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3364370
TI  - Use of the esophageal pill electrode for pacing inhibition of bipolar VVI
      pacemakers.

PMID- 3364371
TI  - Importance of atrial contraction to left ventricular filling in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3364372
TI  - Basement membrane thickening in cardiac myocytes and capillaries in chronic
      Chagas' disease.

PMID- 3364373
TI  - Left ventricular filling determined by Doppler echocardiography in diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 3364374
TI  - Echocardiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3364375
TI  - Jogging in place: a valid alternative to multistage exercise testing.

PMID- 3364376
TI  - Does effective diastolic coronary venous retroperfusion depend on arterial-like
      blood pressure in the coronary sinus?

PMID- 3364377
TI  - Aneurysmal coronary artery disease in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

PMID- 3364378
TI  - Coronary ostial stenosis after aortic valve replacement without coronary
      cannulation.

PMID- 3364379
TI  - "Woven" right coronary artery: a previously undescribed congenital anomaly.

PMID- 3364380
TI  - The sign of the flashing wheal in aortic regurgitation.

PMID- 3364381
TI  - Relation of coronary arterial patency and left ventricular function to
      electrocardiographic changes after streptokinase treatment during acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - One hundred and eighty-eight patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction
      were treated with intravenous streptokinase. Serial 12-lead electrocardiograms
      were recorded for 3 hours after treatment and inspected for rapid repolarization
      changes of the ST segment and T wave. Abrupt electrocardiographic repolarization
      changes were observed in 106 patients (56%) and were strongly predictive for an
      open infarct-related coronary artery at a mean of 6 days after treatment
      (predictive value = 0.92, sensitivity = 0.67). Abrupt electrocardiographic
      changes were not observed in 82 patients (44%). This absence was not a good
      predictor of an occluded infarct-related coronary artery (predictive value =
      0.4). There was no relation between the presence or absence of abrupt
      electrocardiographic changes and global or regional left ventricular function
      after streptokinase treatment. Abrupt repolarization changes after thrombolytic
      treatment indicate a high probability of an open infarct-related artery. When
      abrupt repolarization changes do not occur, the patency of the infarct-related
      coronary artery cannot be predicted with accuracy. Serial electrocardiographic
      recordings do not provide sufficient information about coronary patency to
      eliminate the need for coronary arteriography.

PMID- 3364382
TI  - Frequency of ST-segment depression produced by mental stress in stable angina
      pectoris from coronary artery disease.
AB  - Physical exertion is a well-documented trigger of transient myocardial ischemia
      in patients with coronary disease. More recently, studies have shown that mental
      stress may also be a cause of myocardial ischemia. The purpose of this study was
      to examine the relationship of physical activities and perceived mental states to
      myocardial ischemia while patients were going about their normal daily
      activities. Twenty-eight patients with documented coronary artery disease
      underwent ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram. Physical activity and
      perceived mental status were recorded by patients in a diary which was then
      graded according to intensity of the activity. Analyses of the continuous
      electrocardiographic recordings were done separately from the analysis of the
      diaries. The time of each episode of ischemia, the duration of each episode in
      minutes and the number of episodes in each 24-hour period were calculated. A
      total of 372 episodes of ST-segment depression occurred in 912 hours of
      monitoring. Ischemic events occurring during usual physical and usual mental
      activities were most frequent (36%). Twenty-six percent of ischemic episodes
      occurred during increased physical activity, but usual mental activities.
      Interestingly, 22% of the ischemic events occurred at high levels of mental
      stress, but low physical activity. Ten percent of episodes occurred during sleep.
      Although the majority of events occurred during usual daily activities, when
      duration of ischemia was normalized for time spent in each category, increasing
      physical or mental activity was associated with an increasing duration of
      ischemia per unit (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364383
TI  - Reticular meshwork of the spleen in rats studied by electron microscopy.
AB  - The reticular meshwork of the rat spleen, which consists of both fibrous and
      cellular reticula, was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The
      fibrous reticulum of the splenic pulp is composed of reticular fibers and
      basement membranes of the sinuses. These reticular fibers and basement membranes
      are continuous with each other. The reticular fibers are enfolded by reticular
      cells and are composed of two basic elements: 1) peripheral basal laminae of the
      reticular cells, and 2) central connective tissue spaces in which microfibrils,
      collagenous fibrils, elastic fibers, and unmyelinated adrenergic nerve fibers are
      present. The basement membranes of the sinuses are sandwiched between reticular
      cells and sinus endothelial cells and are composed of lamina-densalike material,
      microfibrils, collagenous fibrils, and elastic fibers. The presence of these
      connective tissue fibrous components indicates that there are connective tissue
      spaces in these basement membranes. The basement membrane is divided into three
      parts: the basal lamina of the reticular cell, the connective tissue space, and
      the basal lamina of the sinus endothelial cell. When the connective tissue space
      is very small or absent, the two basal laminae may fuse to form a single, thick
      basement membrane of the splenic sinus wall. The fibrous reticulum having these
      structures is responsible for support (collagenous fibrils) and rebounding
      (elastic fibers). The cells of the cellular reticulum--reticular cells and their
      cytoplasmic processes, which possess abundant contractile microfilaments, dense
      bodies, hemidesmosomes, basal laminae, and a well-developed, rough-surfaced
      endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complexes, which are characteristic of both
      fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells--are considered to be myofibroblasts. They
      may play roles in splenic contraction and in fibrogenesis of the fibrous
      reticulum. The contractile ability may be influenced by the unmyelinated
      adrenergic nerve fibers that pass through the reticular fibers. The three
      dimensional reticular meshwork of the spleen consists of sustentacular fibrous
      reticulum and contractile myofibroblastic cellular reticulum. This meshwork not
      only supports the organ but also contributes to a contractile mechanism in
      circulation regulation, in collaboration with major contractile elements in the
      capsulo-trabecular system.

PMID- 3364384
TI  - Microcirculatory pathways in normal human spleen, demonstrated by scanning
      electron microscopy of corrosion casts.
AB  - Confusion regarding microcirculatory pathways in normal human spleen has arisen
      due to extrapolation from pathological material and from other mammalian spleens,
      not to mention difficulties in tracing intricate three-dimensional routes from
      the study of thin sections or cut surfaces of tissue. We examined
      microcirculatory pathways in normal human spleens freshly obtained from organ
      transplant donors. A modified corrosion casting procedure was used to obtain an
      open view of vessels and their connections. Our results demonstrate: 1)
      "arteriolar-capillary bundles" within lymphatic nodules and extensive branching
      of arterioles in the marginal zone (MZ); 2) the marginal sinus around lymphatic
      nodules; 3) the peri-marginal cavernous sinus (PMCS) outside the MZ or
      immediately adjacent to the nodule itself; the PMCS receives flow via ellipsoid
      sheaths and MZ, or directly from arterial capillaries, and drains into venous
      sinuses; 4) fast pathways for flow into venous sinuses via ellipsoid sheaths; 5)
      arterial capillary terminations in the reticular meshwork of the red pulp or MZ
      ("open" circulation); direct connections to venous sinuses also occur ("closed"
      circulation), although rarely; and 6) numerous open-ended venous sinuses in the
      MZ, allowing a large proportion of the splenic inflow to bypass the red cell
      filtration sites in the reticular meshwork and at venous sinus walls.

PMID- 3364385
TI  - Cytoarchitecture of the fetal murine soleus muscle.
AB  - The organogenesis of the soleus muscle of the 129 ReJ mouse (a mixed muscle,
      which in the adult contains approximately equal numbers of slow-twitch oxidative
      and fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic myofibers) was studied in spaced, serial
      transverse, and longitudinal sections of muscles of 14-, 16-, and 18-day in utero
      and 1- and 5-day postnatal mice. A discrete soleus muscle was distinguished by 14
      days in utero. It consisted of groups of closely apposed primary myotubes
      displaying junctional complexes and a pleomorphic population of mononucleated
      cells. Between 14 and 16 days in utero there was little de novo myotube
      formation. At 16 days in utero, basal lamina surrounded groups of primary
      myotubes; and primitive motor endplates were found on these myotubes. At 18 days
      in utero, the basal-lamina-enclosed groups of primary myotubes were no longer
      present. At this stage, basal lamina surrounded clusters (consisting of one
      primary myotube and one or more secondary myotubes) or independent myotubes
      (single myotubes surrounded by their own basal lamina). Cluster formation and
      cluster dispersal occurred concurrently, beginning at 18 days in utero and
      extending until birth. At birth, there was still a substantial population of
      immature, secondary myotubes that interdigitated with larger, more mature primary
      myofibers. At this stage, intermuscular axons had begun to myelinate, and
      postsynaptic specialization of the motor endplates had begun. Cluster dispersal
      and myonuclear migration was completed during the first 5 days postnatally with
      the muscle taking on adult characteristics. Beginning at 16 days in utero and
      extending into the neonatal period, there was evidence of myotube death in the
      soleus muscle.

PMID- 3364386
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the developing mouse soleus muscle.
AB  - The pattern of organogenesis of the soleus muscle of the 129 ReJ mouse was
      evaluated quantitatively using spaced, serial, ultrathin sections and computer
      assisted morphometric analysis. Muscles from 14-, 16-, and 18-day in utero mice
      and muscles of 1- and 5-day-old mice were analyzed to determine age-related
      alterations in the maximal girth and length of the muscle, number of myotubes,
      cluster frequency, and the lengths and diameters of myotubes. Primary myotubes
      are found in the muscle at 14 days in utero. There is little de novo myotube
      formation between 14 and 16 days in utero, this interval being principally one of
      primary myotube growth and maturation. The interval between 16 and 18 days in
      utero is marked by extensive secondary myotube formation, with more myotubes
      being formed during this period than in any period studied. Morphometric data
      support the hypothesis that secondary generation myotubes use primary myotubes as
      a scaffold on which they are formed. Morphometric data also confirm the
      hypothesis that cluster formation and cluster dispersal occur concurrently during
      the prenatal period. Secondary myotubes continue to form until birth. At birth,
      the soleus muscle contains the adult number of myofibers. The first 5 days
      postnatally are marked by myofiber growth and maturation.

PMID- 3364388
TI  - Can hypnosis help psychosis?

PMID- 3364387
TI  - Light and electron microscopic observation on the cervical epithelium of the
      rabbit. I.
AB  - The light and electron microscopy of the cervical epithelium of ovulatory,
      estrous, and long-term ovariectomized rabbits have been studied to determine what
      structural changes occur under different hormonal conditions. The percentage of
      nonciliated secretory cells is 49.6 in ovulatory, 43.6 in estrous, and 23.7 in
      long-term ovariectomized rabbits, and of ciliated cells is 50.2 in ovulatory,
      56.2 in estrous, and 76.3 in long-term ovariectomized animals. The values for the
      ovulatory and estrous rabbits are significantly different at the P less than 0.05
      level from those of the ovariectomized animals. In all 3 groups the general
      ultrastructure of the normal ciliated cells is similar. Interestingly, the Golgi
      complex is very prominent in all. Glycogen bodies occur frequently only in
      ciliated cells of ovariectomized and occasionally of estrous animals.
      Abnormalities in ciliation are quite common in the ovariectomized rabbits. The
      structure of the nonciliated secretory cells varies appreciably within and
      between the 3 groups. In these cells from well-developed epithelia of certain
      ovulatory and estrous animals, the apical cytoplasm contains secretory granules
      of at least three types. In addition, very irregularly shaped, dense, perinuclear
      granules occur, which may be another type of secretory granule or lysosomes. As
      compared to ciliated cells, the secretory cells have less prominent Golgi
      complexes, more abundant bundles of intermediate filaments, a more extensive
      glycocalyx on their apical surface, and more heterochromatic nuclei. In
      comparison to the cells of well-developed epithelia, the nonciliated cells of
      some other ovulatory and estrous rabbits are less well differentiated with fewer
      or no secretory granules and less well developed organelles. In the nonciliated
      cells of the long-term ovariectomized rabbits, there are no secretory or dense
      perinuclear granules. There is a decrease in the number of organelles that are
      involved in secretion, in the size of the cells, and in the amount of nuclear
      euchromatin.

PMID- 3364389
TI  - On treating the older patient with multiple personality disorder: "race against
      time" or "make haste slowly"?

PMID- 3364390
TI  - Mass psychogenic illness, trance states, and suggestion.

PMID- 3364391
TI  - Contrasting stage and clinical hypnosis.

PMID- 3364392
TI  - Favorite stories: a hypnotic pain-reduction technique for children in acute pain.

PMID- 3364393
TI  - Hypnotic examination of trigger factors in the hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 3364394
TI  - Electrical impedance in assessing human body composition: the BIA method.
AB  - Fundamental aspects of the body impedance analysis (BIA) method were investigated
      to determine limitations. This method measures body impedance with a low-level
      (800 microA) 50-KHz current conducted through the tissues. A linear regression
      equation was proposed to relate impedance measurements to total body fat. The
      hydrostatic densitometric method (underwater weighing) was used to validate the
      proposed mathematical expression. A correlation coefficient of 0.98 between these
      two methods was obtained. The overall results from this study indicate the
      usefulness of the BIA method in determining percent body fat in humans provided
      body fluids are not perturbed several hours before the measurements.

PMID- 3364396
TI  - Plasma cholesterol responsiveness to saturated fatty acids.
AB  - The variability in responsiveness to saturated fatty acids has not been studied
      systematically. For this reason data from three dietary studies carried out in
      our laboratory were pooled and used to evaluate how individuals vary in their
      responses in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol to the substitution of saturated fatty acids for
      unsaturated fatty acids. The data showed a marked variability in response. Some
      patients demonstrated a striking rise in cholesterol levels whereas others had
      more modest increases. This finding points to the need for further investigation
      on this issue.

PMID- 3364395
TI  - Manipulation of maternal diet to alter fatty acid composition of human milk
      intended for premature infants.
AB  - Ten lactating mothers (five of preterm and five of term infants) 9-17 d
      postpartum consumed a 5% fat, 15% protein, and 80% carbohydrate diet for 5 d.
      Their milk was analyzed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography.
      Significant increases in the sum of the absolute and relative concentrations of
      C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids and significant decreases in the absolute and
      relative concentrations of C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2 fatty acids were detected on
      day 4 in both groups (p less than 0.01). Women who delivered prematurely or at
      term responded similarly in early lactation to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet
      with an increase in the concentration of fatty acids less than 16 carbons in
      length. The magnitude of this response is highly variable and may be controlled
      by total energy balance as well as by individual endocrine responses.

PMID- 3364397
TI  - Serum triglyceride responses to fatty meals: effects of meal fat content.
AB  - To determine the dose response of serum triglyceride concentrations to fat
      feeding, serum triglyceride responses to meals containing 40, 80, and 120 g fat
      (in the form of dairy cream) were measured in 12 normotriglyceridemic men. Mean
      postprandial lipemia (measured as the integrated area under the curve of serum
      triglyceride concentration plotted against time) was 251 +/- 129 mg.dL-1.8 h-1
      (2.83 +/- 1.46 mmol.L-1.8 h-1) after the 40-g-fat meal, 503 +/- 233 mg.dL-18 h-1
      (5.68 +/- 2.63 mmol.L-1.8 h-1) after the 80-g-fat meal, and 712 +/- 281 mg.dL-1.8
      h-1 (8.04 +/- 3.17 mmol.L-1.8 h-1) after the 120-g-fat meal. These data indicate
      that in normotriglyceridemic men the magnitude of lipemia that follows the
      ingestion of a fat meal is directly proportional to the fat content of the meal.
      The results also suggest that the mechanism whereby triglyceride is removed from
      the intravascular compartment is not saturated by meals containing the amounts of
      fat typically consumed by men following a Western diet.

PMID- 3364399
TI  - Evidence against functional differences between "central" and "peripheral" fat.
AB  - As shown in 1639 men and 1851 women in the 20-49 y age range, four commonly used
      skinfold measurements (triceps, subscapular, iliac, and abdominal) are all highly
      covariant and do not show clear evidence of upper-body and lower-body or central
      and peripheral groupings. Moreover, the four skinfold measurements are similarly
      related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures and to total serum cholesterol
      at each decile of skinfold thickness and to a degree that strikingly parallels
      summed skinfold thickness (sigma sf). The changing relative contributions of the
      different skinfold measurements to the summed skinfold thicknesses with
      increasing levels of fatness also reveal no evidence of consistent anatomical or
      topographical groupings by body segment or distance from the body core.

PMID- 3364398
TI  - Fetal growth and fetal lung phospholipid content in rats fed safflower oil,
      menhaden oil, or hydrogenated coconut oil.
AB  - The objective was to determine if dietary fish oil decreased the degree of fatty
      acid saturation in rat lung phosphatidylcholine (PC). A diet containing 12% of
      its energy as fat was fed for 3 wk to growing male Sprague-Dawley rats (trial I)
      or to pregnant rats for days 8-21 of gestation (trial II). The dietary fat
      treatments in trial I were safflower oil (SO), menhaden oil (MO), or hydrogenated
      coconut oil (HCO) and in trial II were SO, MO, HCO, or SO-MO (75%:25%).
      Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduced (p less than 0.05) hepatic fatty acid
      synthetase (MO greater than SO) in growing rats but the dietary lipids had no
      effect on lung palmitate content. Maternal consumption of MO vs SO reduced (p
      less than 0.05) fetal body weight and lung weight but not lung:body wt ratio.
      Dietary MO and SO-MO increased (p less than 0.05) disaturated PC content of fetal
      lungs. The fetal lung data indicate that maternal ingestion of fish oil improve
      fetal lung maturation.

PMID- 3364400
TI  - Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in abdominal and gluteal
      femoral obese women before and after weight reduction.
AB  - Fifteen premenopausal obese women, seven abdominal obese (AO) and eight gluteal
      femoral obese (GFO), followed an energy-reduced diet of 1000 kcal/d (4.2 MJ/d)
      over 8 wk. Body-fat distribution was assessed using a cutoff point of 0.80 for
      the waist-to-hips girth ratio. Before and after the dietary treatment resting
      metabolic rate (RMR) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) (after a normal
      breakfast) were measured by indirect calorimetry. Body-weight reduction and
      energy intake during the diet period did not differ significantly between both
      groups. Before weight loss the AO group had slightly greater RMR than the GFO
      group. After weight loss mean RMR decreased about 10% in the AO group and about
      2.5% in the GFO group. Before weight loss DIT was slightly but not significantly
      higher in the AO group than in the GFO group. After weight loss DIT increased
      significantly in the GFO group. Weight loss was generally associated with
      decreased blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and total serum cholesterol levels
      in the AO women but not in the GFO women.

PMID- 3364401
TI  - Methanol production from the degradation of pectin by human colonic bacteria.
AB  - When ingested, pectin can lower serum cholesterol levels in humans. Pectin is
      degraded by fecal bacteria in the colon. We examined the release of methanol
      (MeOH) by this degradation. A 0.2% glucose (2 g/L) mixture was used as the
      control medium. A pure culture of pectinolytic Erwinia carotovora was the control
      bacterium. The chief substrates were, in set 1, 0.2% pectin (2 g/L) and, in set
      2, 0.1% glucose (1 g/L) and 0.1% pectin (1 g/L). Cultures of fecal bacteria and E
      carotovora grew for 72 h in each of the solutions. By 72 h the fecal flora
      culture in set 1 cleaved 30% of the possible methoxyl groups on pectin. The fecal
      flora in set 2 cleaved 90.7% of all possible methoxyl groups. Balance studies
      suggest that all of the free MeOH comes from methoxyl groups on pectin. This
      study demonstrates that fecal bacteria are capable of degrading pectin to release
      MeOH.

PMID- 3364402
TI  - Ultraviolet light-induced reductions in plasma carotenoid levels.
AB  - The effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on plasma levels of carotenoids and
      vitamin A in human subjects were investigated in two crossover trials. UV
      exposures were given on 11 r 12 days of a 2-wk period. The 12 female and 12 male
      subjects received mean cumulative UV-A (320-400 nm) doses of 17.8 +/- 1.9 J/cm2
      and 21.0 +/- 3.3 J/cm2 to the anterior and posterior sides of the body,
      respectively. UV-B (280-320 nm) doses were equivalent to 10% of UV-A doses given.
      Significant reductions in plasma total carotenoid levels were observed in both
      female (p less than 0.004) and male (p less than 0.05) subjects after repeated
      irradiation. There was no significant effect on plasma vitamin A levels. It was
      concluded that UV treatment can reduce plasma carotenoid levels in vivo.

PMID- 3364403
TI  - Intestinal absorption of Ca(H2PO4)2 and Ca citrate compared by two methods.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the absorption of calcium from two
      soluble Ca salts and determine if the oral Ca load test can be used as a simple
      measure of relative Ca bioavailability. Eight normal subjects ingested 750 mg Ca
      as solution of Ca(H2PO4)2 or Ca citrate (two occasions) tagged with 47Ca tracer.
      Absorption of Ca from the two salts was estimated from both the increase in
      forearm radioactivity and rise in urinary Ca (oral Ca load test). Both measures
      indicated that Ca was absorbed at least twice as well from Ca citrate as from
      Ca(H2PO4)2. However, the increment in urinary Ca 2-4 h after the oral load
      correlated with fractional absorption when only Ca citrate (r = 0.803, p less
      than 0.02) was ingested. For group comparisons the oral Ca load test is a rough
      index of Ca availability but cannot substitute for more direct measures of
      absorption in an individual.

PMID- 3364404
TI  - Long-term marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. IV. Effects on skeletal
      growth and mineralization.
AB  - Skeletal maturation was evaluated from ages 1 to 3 y in rhesus monkeys that had
      been subjected to a diet marginally deficient in zinc (4 micrograms/g Zn) from
      conception through age 3 y. Skeletal development was assessed at 18, 24, 30, and
      36 mo of age and compared with that of controls fed ad libitum. Skeletal
      maturation was determined by the presence of epiphyseal ossification centers. To
      evaluate endochondral bone mineralization the appearance of the zone of
      provisional calcification on the metaphyseal side of the growth plate and the
      width of the growth plate were observed. Marginal Zn deprivation was associated
      with delayed skeletal maturation in monkeys up to age 3 y. Defective
      mineralization of bone was evident in these monkeys up to age 6 mo. Between ages
      6 mo and 3 y bone mineralization increased in some of the marginal-Zn monkeys to
      values that were only slightly below those for control monkeys.

PMID- 3364406
TI  - Biennial survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs.
AB  - This is the third survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs.
      Current training programs were identified, descriptive information obtained, and
      training program content was compared with that recommended at the 1984
      Conference on Clinical Nutrition Training. In general, goals as to the quantity
      of research, clinical, and teaching training are being met. Virtually all
      programs provide training in nutritional support activities. Most training
      programs are not as broad in scope of exposure to the less clinical aspects of
      nutrition nor to all the illness and age groups recommended by the 1984
      conference. Consideration of broadening the scope of physician training programs
      or redefinition of training guidelines is warranted. A program-certifying agency
      may be helpful in identifying programs achieving certain minimal standards.

PMID- 3364405
TI  - Elevated plasma copper in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Hypercupremia has been described in patients undergoing chronic dialysis. To
      further characterize dialysis-associated hypercupremia, we studied plasma copper
      (PCu) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in patients on hemodialysis (n = 20) and peritoneal
      dialysis (n = 25), in uremic patients (n = 10) not yet on dialysis, and in normal
      age-matched control subjects (n = 20). PCu was significantly elevated in all
      three patients groups (mean +/- SD) (20.6 +/- 4.1, 19.8 +/- 4.6, 19.8 +/- 4.9
      mumol/L, respectively) vs control subjects (16.5 +/- 2.7 mumol/L). However, Cp
      levels were not significantly different among the four study groups (330 +/- 60,
      320 +/- 70, 370 +/- 100, and 360 +/- 90 mg/L, respectively). Calculated
      nonceruloplasmin copper was significantly higher in all uremic groups. The
      measurement of chelatable Cu confirmed the presence of significantly higher
      extractable Cu in hemodialysis (2.7 +/- 0.6 mumol/L) and peritoneal dialysis
      patients (2.4 +/- 0.5 mumol/L) than control subjects (1.5 +/- 0.3 mumol/L). Cu is
      elevated in uremia regardless of dialysis status and this elevation is not
      accounted for by an increase in plasma ceruloplasmin.

PMID- 3364407
TI  - The measurement of stature.

PMID- 3364408
TI  - Should we now, routinely, be examining gastric biopsies for Campylobacter pylori?
      Gastric mucosal biopsy: an essential investigation in patients with dyspepsia.

PMID- 3364409
TI  - Should I search for Campylobacter pylori in my patients? Much ado about not much?

PMID- 3364410
TI  - Chronic gastritis: a clinico-pathological classification.
AB  - Based on known histopathologic features, as well as clinical and etiopathogenic
      information, a classification of chronic gastritis is proposed. The following
      types are described: superficial gastritis, diffuse antral gastritis,
      postgastrectomy (reflux) gastritis, diffuse corporal atrophic gastritis, and
      multifocal atrophic gastritis. The histopathologic features are illustrated, and
      the main clinical features are discussed.

PMID- 3364411
TI  - Squamous mucosa overlying columnar epithelium in Barrett's esophagus in the
      absence of anti-reflux surgery.
AB  - Seven of 45 patients with Barrett's esophagus prospectively followed with yearly
      endoscopy had histological evidence of squamous mucosa overlying Barrett's
      epithelium. This histological finding has previously been identified as a rare
      sequela of anti-reflux surgery. All seven patients had specialized columnar
      epithelium. No evidence of the overlying mucosa was recognized at endoscopy. Only
      one patient had previous anti-reflux surgery. During the observation interval,
      three patients had a decrease, and four had no change in the length of Barrett's
      epithelium. Squamous mucosa overlying columnar epithelium in Barrett's esophagus
      is not infrequent, and prior anti-reflux surgery is not a necessary precondition.

PMID- 3364412
TI  - Changing trends in surgery for benign gallbladder disease.
AB  - Hospital charts and notes of 2181 consecutive cholecystectomies performed between
      1969 and 1984 were computer analyzed. They were divided into three categories of
      patients operated on 5, 10, and 15 yr ago. The trends of change throughout this
      period were as follows: 1) The population operated on in the last 5 yr is older,
      the proportion of males, especially over 70-80 yr old, and diabetics, is growing
      constantly. 2) The frequency of acalculous cholecystitis and gangrenous changes
      increase; the same is true for common bile duct pathology and positive bile
      cultures. 3) There is a marked decrease in hospitalization time, postoperatively,
      without significant increase in rate of wound infection and thromboembolic
      phenomena, or mortality. It seems that there is no change in the frequency of
      gallstone-related pancreatitis and perforations of gallbladder. The same is
      disappointingly true for positive choledochal exploration index. We think that
      the subcostal approach, with rational prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic
      regimen, contribute to the shortening of hospitalization time and the fixed rates
      of wound infection and herniae in scar. Prophylactic heparin given subcutaneously
      seems to avoid possible thromboembolic phenomena.

PMID- 3364413
TI  - Intragastric devices for weight loss: fact or fancy?

PMID- 3364414
TI  - Development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after endoscopic variceal
      sclerotherapy.
AB  - We describe the case of a 45-yr-old white male with portal hypertension and
      presumed Laennec's cirrhosis who developed squamous cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus 8 months after completion of a course of endoscopic variceal
      sclerotherapy. The epidemiology and natural history of esophageal cancer and
      their relationship to our patient are analyzed. This report emphasizes that
      squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of postsclerotherapy dysphagia. Further studies will be required to
      determine whether or not esophageal variceal sclerotherapy is associated
      coincidently or causally with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the
      esophagus in patients at increased risk for this condition.

PMID- 3364415
TI  - Long-term sequellae of acetaminophen-associated fulminant hepatic failure:
      relevance of early histology.
AB  - We report a case of fulminant hepatic necrosis occurring in the setting of
      acetaminophen overdose and chronic alcohol use. The pathology of severe acute
      toxicity is documented with a surgical biopsy. Follow-up liver biopsy 4 yr later
      documents hepatic regeneration without cirrhosis. Maintenance of the hepatic
      reticulin framework in the face of acute hepatic necrosis was well documented,
      and may be a useful prognostic feature indicating a potential for the maintenance
      of normal hepatic architecture following regeneration.

PMID- 3364416
TI  - Anticonvulsant-induced liver damage.
AB  - A case of iterated clonazepam-induced liver injury is described. It is suggested
      that the damage was of the metabolic idiosyncrasy type.

PMID- 3364418
TI  - Clues to gallbladder dysfunction in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 3364417
TI  - Inorganic lead poisoning in an adult.
AB  - Lead poisoning is uncommon in the adult population, but must be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain of obscure etiology. In
      this paper we present a 38-yr-old male with abdominal pain, a history of alcohol
      abuse, and exposure to the virus responsible for acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome. The cause of pain was elusive until his occupation as a housepainter
      was appreciated. The diagnosis of lead poisoning then was considered and
      confirmed by an elevated blood lead level and symptomatic response to therapy.
      With the increase in renovation of old buildings, it is likely that the incidence
      of lead poisoning will become more common.

PMID- 3364419
TI  - Response to Guerrieri and Waxman: Hepatic tissue in gastroscopic biopsy.

PMID- 3364420
TI  - Medical management of biliary-cutaneous fistula.

PMID- 3364421
TI  - Endoscopic diagnosis of hepatic penetration into a gastric ulcer.

PMID- 3364422
TI  - Cause-specific mortality among male textile workers in Rhode Island.
AB  - Cause-specific mortality patterns among male textile workers in Rhode Island who
      died during the period 1968-1978 were examined using the proportionate mortality
      ratio (PMR) method. Textile worker decedents were identified by the usual
      occupation and industry statements on Rhode Island death certificates. A
      statistically significant PMR elevation was observed for nonmalignant respiratory
      disease (NMRD) among male textile workers (PMR = 110; Observed deaths [Obs] =
      433; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 102-120). The PMRs for NMRD by specific
      textile occupation and by type of textile manufacturing generally exhibited the
      pattern expected for work-related mortality owing to textile dust exposure. High
      PMRs were observed among carding, lapping, and combing operatives, the decedents
      who probably had the highest dust exposure (PMR = 166; Obs = 24; CI = 114-243),
      and among operatives most likely to have worked in cotton manufacturing (PMR =
      137; Obs = 47; CI = 104-179). This is the first report of excess mortality from
      NMRD among male textile workers in the United States. This finding is consistent
      with previous evidence that exposure to cotton dust can cause disabling chronic
      lung disease. Also noteworthy were statistically significant elevated PMRs for
      cancers of the rectum and esophagus among decedents who had been engaged in
      textile dyeing and finishing. Owing to the lack of direct information about
      occupational exposures and smoking habits of the decedents and uncertainties in
      classifying decedents by type of textile manufacturing, this investigation should
      be viewed as being exploratory in nature.

PMID- 3364423
TI  - Clinical report on 62 cases of acute dimethyl sulfate intoxication.
AB  - Sixty-two cases of accidental acute intoxication from the inhalation of dimethyl
      sulfate (DMS) are reported. To facilitate clinical evaluation and treatment, as
      well as identification of capacity for physical labor, a grading system was
      established according to the history of exposure to DMS, symptoms and signs of
      respiratory mucosal irritation, findings on chest radiographs, and abnormalities
      of leukocyte count. Emergency treatment included prophylactic use of
      glucocorticoids, supplemental oxygen, sedatives, and antibiotics for prevention
      and treatment of laryngeal and pulmonary edema, pulmonary infections, and other
      complications. Follow-up studies for 2-12 years have found only mild to moderate
      impairment in ventilatory capacity in eight cases, with no abnormal findings in
      ECG, chest films, and routine blood tests. Nearly all patients have resumed their
      usual work.

PMID- 3364424
TI  - Immunological evaluation of four arc welders exposed to fumes from ignited
      polyurethane (isocyanate) foam: antibodies and immune profiles.
AB  - Four arc welders having a flu-like illness with multiple health complaints
      following an exposure to high concentrations of isocyanate fumes from ignited
      polyurethane foam underwent immunological tests as follows: ELISA antibody
      assays, activated lymphocyte profiles, and lymphocyte blastogenesis. ELISA
      procedures revealed the presence of antibodies to hexamethylene diisocyanate
      (HDI) and formaldehyde (F) conjugated to human serum albumin (HDI-SA and F-SA).
      The results from the activated lymphocyte profiles showed deviations from the
      norm as follows: three welders had elevated helper/suppressor (H/S) ratios; all
      four had elevated percentages of Tal positive cells; two had decreases in B
      cells; and one had low total white cell and lymphocyte counts. In contrast, the
      percentage and absolute numbers of ILS receptor cells were normal in the four
      subjects. T cell blastogenesis to PHA, Con A and PWM resulted in the following: T
      cells from one subject responded normally; in another, a high response (212% of
      controls) to PHA occurred with normal mitogenesis to Con A and PWM. In the
      remaining two welders, the T cells responded abnormally low (50 to 75% of
      controls) to the three mitogens. In conclusion, the existence of IgG antibodies
      to HDI-SA and F-SA, the altered activated immune profiles, the elevated Tal
      cells, and the abnormal blastogenesis are interpreted as being linked with the
      episode of HDI and F exposure and the subsequent flu-like illness of the four
      welders.

PMID- 3364425
TI  - Painter's syndrome.

PMID- 3364426
TI  - Ocular melanoma in farmers.

PMID- 3364427
TI  - Benefits of pharmacy-laboratory collaboration.

PMID- 3364428
TI  - Stability of ampicillin sodium solutions stored in syringes.

PMID- 3364429
TI  - Smoking.

PMID- 3364430
TI  - Use of spreadsheet software for short-range forecasting of pharmacy management
      data.
AB  - The use of a personal-computer spreadsheet program (Lotus 1-2-3) for forecasting
      pharmacy management data is described. Exponential smoothing is used in the
      forecasting model; historical data are used to predict subsequent values. Future
      performance is assumed to be more closely related to recent performance than to
      older performance data, so the model gives greater weight to more recent data.
      The smoothing weight controls the magnitude of error correction; a mean squared
      error table in the spreadsheet is used to determine the weighting. Two versions
      of the forecasting model are described. Version A, for a service or product for
      which data are expected to remain fairly stable, is used to predict values for
      the next time period. Version B, for data in which a substantial upward or
      downward trend exists, can be used to predict values for several time periods in
      the future. Version B differs from version A in that the forecast in version B is
      an estimate of the overall average of the data (weighted toward the most recent
      data) plus the estimated change per time period (weighted toward the most recent
      changes). Data from a university hospital for 1986-87 are used to illustrate the
      spreadsheet's tabular and graphic output; version A is used to predict the number
      of outpatient prescriptions for the next month, and data for the hospital's
      semiannual expenditures on i.v. solutions and sets are used to illustrate version
      B's forecast. Pharmacy managers can use these spreadsheet forecasts to quantify
      drug-use and personnel information for presentation to hospital administration.

PMID- 3364431
TI  - Impact of computerization on clinical pharmacy services in South Atlantic states.
AB  - The impact of computerization on clinical pharmacy services in the South Atlantic
      region was surveyed. Questionnaires were mailed to 350 hospital pharmacy
      directors in March 1987. The survey assessed type of computer system, degree of
      computerization, years computerized, hospital bed capacity, occupancy rate,
      staffing, presence of a clinical coordinator, and type of clinical services. For
      analysis of the relationship between clinical services and computerization, only
      responses indicating an increase in the number of clinical services since 1982
      were used. Respondents were asked to rank, in order of importance, factors that
      they believed enabled clinical services to be increased. The survey response rate
      was 52.2%, with 179 of 343 usable replies received. The results indicate that
      there is a link between computerization and clinical services. Computerized
      pharmacies offered more services on average than did noncomputerized pharmacies.
      However, the differences in the types of services offered between computerized
      and noncomputerized pharmacies were not significant. Of the different means of
      increasing services, pharmacy directors ranked increasing professional staff the
      most important, followed by increased responsibility of technical staff,
      computerization, increasing technical staff, hiring a clinical coordinator, and
      other methods. Pharmacy directors interested in increasing the numbers of
      clinical services offered at their institutions should consider organizational
      factors such as departmental structure and number and types of personnel in
      conjunction with computerization.

PMID- 3364432
TI  - Quality and comprehensiveness of the National Drug Code Directory on magnetic
      tape.
AB  - The quality and comprehensiveness of the FDA's National Drug Code Directory
      (NDCD) in magnetic tape form was evaluated. The internal quality of the tape was
      measured by performing cross-checks of the four record types found on the tape
      and by checking for the presence of "illegal" characters. The comprehensiveness
      of the tape was evaluated by determining the extent to which a sample of items
      from nine community and hospital pharmacies could be matched with code numbers on
      the NDCD tape. A second test of comprehensiveness measured the match rate between
      the shelf stock sample and National Drug Code (NDC) numbers in a magnetic tape
      supplied by a regional wholesaler. External quality was measured by comparing the
      NDC numbers on the containers of items from the shelf sample with the
      corresponding information in the NDCD tape. More than 300 discrepancies among the
      four types of records were discovered, and more than 100 "illegal" characters
      were present in each of the four record types. Matches on the NDCD tape could be
      found for 80% of the items in the shelf stock sample and 69.5% of the items in
      the tape supplied by the wholesaler. A total of 156 errors were discovered when
      the codes on containers in the shelf sample were matched with the NDCD tape
      information, yielding an error rate of 6.5%. Because of the 6.5% error rate, the
      usefulness of the NDCD tape is questionable. Since only 80% of an off-the-shelf
      sample of drugs had matches on the NDCD tape, about 20% of drug products would
      have to be matched with some other information source. How these figures for the
      NDCD tape compare with figures for proprietary tapes is not known.

PMID- 3364433
TI  - Accuracy and time requirements of a bar-code inventory system for medical
      supplies.
AB  - The effects of implementing a bar-code system for issuing medical supplies to
      nursing units at a university teaching hospital were evaluated. Data on the time
      required to issue medical supplies to three nursing units at a 480-bed, tertiary
      care teaching hospital were collected (1) before the bar-code system was
      implemented (i.e., when the manual system was in use), (2) one month after
      implementation, and (3) four months after implementation. At the same times, the
      accuracy of the central supply perpetual inventory was monitored using 15
      selected items. One-way analysis of variance tests were done to determine any
      significant differences between the bar-code and manual systems. Using the bar
      code system took longer than using the manual system because of a significant
      difference in the time required for order entry into the computer. Multiple-use
      requirements of the central supply computer system made entering bar-code data a
      much slower process. There was, however, a significant improvement in the
      accuracy of the perpetual inventory. Using the bar-code system for issuing
      medical supplies to the nursing units takes longer than using the manual system.
      However, the accuracy of the perpetual inventory was significantly improved with
      the implementation of the bar-code system.

PMID- 3364434
TI  - Attitudes of pharmacists and nurses toward interprofessional relations and
      decentralized pharmaceutical services.
AB  - Pharmacists' and nurses' attitudes toward pharmacist-nurse relations and
      pharmaceutical services were surveyed before and after the implementation of
      satellite pharmacies at a 600-bed teaching hospital. The same questionnaire was
      distributed two months before decentralization (phase 1) and nine months after
      decentralization was completed (phase 2). Sixty questions about the pharmacy
      services and the drug treatment process were to be answered using a seven-point,
      Likert-type scale. Overall response rates for the two phases were 62% and 45%,
      respectively. Pharmacists' satisfaction with all measured aspects of
      pharmaceutical services increased after decentralization of services; nurses'
      satisfaction increased for all measures except pharmacist-conducted medication
      histories. Pharmacists' satisfaction with the nursing department was greater
      after decentralized services were implemented. Most aspects of role conflict, one
      of four measured antecedents to interdepartmental conflict, improved subsequent
      to decentralization of services. Because of changes in personnel between the two
      phases of the study, the results may represent the opinions of different people,
      rather than actual changes in satisfaction. The attitudes of nurses and
      pharmacists toward overall distributive pharmaceutical services and toward
      certain aspects of interprofessional relations improved after pharmaceutical
      services were decentralized.

PMID- 3364435
TI  - Nurses' attitudes toward pharmaceutical services before and after
      decentralization.
AB  - Nurses' attitudes toward the quality of pharmaceutical services were assessed
      before and after the implementation of decentralized pharmaceutical services at a
      tertiary-care teaching hospital complex. The same multiple-choice questionnaire
      was distributed to nurses at the University of Michigan Hospitals 18 months
      before decentralized services were implemented (November 1982) and again after
      two satellite pharmacies had been established and a clinical pharmacist had begun
      providing first-dose dispensing services using a movable medication cart (March
      1985). The questionnaire measured nurses' satisfaction with aspects of
      pharmaceutical services most likely to be affected by decentralization of
      services (e.g., number of missing medications, accessibility of pharmacists).
      Nurses' overall satisfaction with pharmaceutical services increased only slightly
      after services were decentralized. Significant positive changes in nurses'
      satisfaction occurred in areas served by the satellite pharmacies and the
      clinical pharmacist; no significant change s in satisfaction occurred in the
      other areas. Nurses' perceptions of increased helpfulness of pharmacy personnel
      were a better predictor of increased satisfaction than were changes in the number
      of missing medications, waiting time for medication delivery, or number of
      incorrectly dispensed medications. Respondents remained anonymous; therefore,
      changes in personnel, rather than changed opinions of nurses, may account for the
      differences in responses between 1982 and 1985. Nurses' attitudes toward
      pharmaceutical services improved in areas of the hospital served by satellite
      pharmacies or by a clinical pharmacist using a movable medication cart.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364436
TI  - Documenting the activity and effectiveness of a regional drug information center.
AB  - The methods of data collection, storage, and retrieval used by the Rocky Mountain
      Drug Consultation Center (RMDCC) are described. To substantiate that drug
      information services provided by RMDCC are clinically useful and have a
      beneficial effect on therapy, data on medication-related problems and case
      outcomes, as well as demographic data, are stored in an IBM PC-XT using a system
      that allows searching and linkage of any number of recorded categories. Data were
      compiled on 28,081 inquiries from health-care professionals and consumers during
      1985 and 1986. Analysis revealed that (1) medication-related problems are common
      (involving 34% of consumer inquiries), especially among the elderly; (2) a
      positive effect on therapy was made in the majority (76%) of problem cases; and
      (3) consumers were given drug information by their physician or pharmacist in
      fewer than half of the cases in which medications were prescribed and dispensed.
      A computer-based system to assist in analyzing information can be an important
      asset in documenting the activity and effectiveness of a regional drug
      information center.

PMID- 3364437
TI  - Accuracy, continuity, and pattern of flow from five macrorate infusion pumps.
AB  - The accuracy, continuity, and pattern of flow from five commercially available
      macrorate infusion pumps were evaluated in vitro. Intravenous fluid was run
      through each infusion device at 5, 10, and 50 mL/hr. The weight of the fluid was
      measured serially after flow periods of 5, 10, and 15 sec for each device at each
      flow rate using a computerized gravimetric technique. The influence of the type
      of pump, flow rate, and sample-collection time on flow continuity was determined.
      Flow continuity (variation in flow) was expressed as the coefficient of variance
      of the measured weights. All of the infusion devices had flow rates within 5% of
      the desired rates of 5, 10, and 50 mL/hr. Flow continuity was significantly
      affected by the type of pump used but not by either flow rate or sample
      collection time. All five devices had unique flow patterns attributable to their
      respective pump-operating mechanisms. The method of drug delivery and, in
      particular, the pump-operating mechanism of a given infusion device may affect
      flow continuity; therefore, alterations in clinical response to a continuous drug
      infusion must not be attributed exclusively to the drug or the clinical condition
      of the patient. Further in vitro and in vivo evaluations are needed to define the
      clinical importance of these data.

PMID- 3364438
TI  - Impact of pharmacist scheduling of blood-sampling times for therapeutic drug
      monitoring.

PMID- 3364439
TI  - Drug-use criteria for acyclovir sodium injection.

PMID- 3364440
TI  - Salaries, benefits, and job functions of Montana hospital pharmacists.

PMID- 3364441
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated arthritis.
AB  - A subacute, oligoarthritic syndrome developed in four patients with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Three had true acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome (AIDS) and all had lymphocyte abnormalities. The arthritis was
      characterized by extreme pain and disability in three patients and moderate pain
      in one. Knees and ankles were affected. Symptoms developed over a one- to six
      week interval; response to treatment was rapid, especially to intra-articular
      corticosteroids. Despite the clinical severity of the arthritis, synovial fluids
      were non-inflammatory and biopsy specimens revealed only mild chronic synovitis.
      A definite etiology could not be established. None of the patients had recognized
      infections predisposing to reactive arthritis, and the three patients who
      underwent tissue typing were HLA-B27-negative. A viral infection, including HIV,
      is a possible cause. In distinction to these four patients, arthritides with
      clearly established etiologies developed during this same time period in four
      other HIV-infected patients.

PMID- 3364442
TI  - Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis from unsuspected disease.
AB  - Tuberculosis remains an occupational hazard for hospital employees. A case of
      acute generalized tuberculosis occurring in a patient with a malignancy who had
      received corticosteroids was undetected during life and during a gross autopsy
      examination. Histologic examination of tissue performed one month later was
      necessary to establish the diagnosis. Of susceptible hospital staff members who
      were exposed to the index case, infection developed in nine of 56 (16 percent)
      compared with three of 333 (0.9 percent) unexposed personnel with similar risk
      but no known exposure (p less than 0.001). This was a 17.8-fold increase in the
      infection rate for the exposed group. Three employees infected had evidence of
      active disease: two had pleural effusions and one had cavitary pulmonary
      infiltrates; six were asymptomatic. The high rate of infection was associated
      with inadequate air ventilation and exposure to uncontained infectious aerosol.
      Preventive therapy with isoniazid, high-change-ventilating systems, ultraviolet
      radiation, and primary barrier systems are recommended methods to reduce the
      infection risk.

PMID- 3364443
TI  - Characteristics and antibiotic therapy of adult meningitis due to penicillin
      resistant pneumococci.
AB  - Of 66 episodes of pneumococcal meningitis seen in Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona,
      Spain (January 1981 to June 1987), 15 (23 percent) were due to penicillin
      resistant pneumococci [minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.1 to 4
      micrograms/ml]. Fifty percent of these strains were also resistant to
      chloramphenicol. Most were sporadic community-acquired cases. Clinical
      characteristics were similar in both penicillin-resistant and penicillin
      sensitive cases. Those cases with MICs of greater than 1 microgram/ml did not
      show a response to penicillin therapy. Of nine patients treated with cefotaxime
      (200 to 350 mg/kg per day) with penicillin G MICs of 0.1 to 4 micrograms/ml and
      cefotaxime MICs of less than or equal to 0.03 to 1 microgram/ml, seven recovered,
      one experienced a relapse after 14 days of therapy and the infection was cured
      with intravenous vancomycin, and one patient died with sterile cerebrospinal
      fluid. Thus, adults with meningitis due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci may
      be adequately treated with high doses (around 300 mg/kg per day) of intravenous
      cefotaxime if MICs of penicillin G are less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml.
      Cases with higher resistance may require another antibiotic such as vancomycin.

PMID- 3364444
TI  - Predictors of survival in patients undergoing dialysis.
AB  - Survival and risk analyses were performed on all 532 patients in whom long-term
      dialysis was started from 1970 through 1985. During this 16-year period, starting
      age increased from 47 to 60 years (p less than 0.001), and the incidence of
      diabetes mellitus and renal vascular disease increased. Survival analysis showed
      age, renal diagnosis, type of dialysis, and year starting dialysis to be
      important predictors of survival. There was a fourfold rise in the risk ratio as
      starting age increased from 25 to 65 years. The risk was 1.5 times higher for
      those patients who did not start dialysis in 1978 through 1981 than for those who
      did. Risk decreased fivefold for patients choosing home hemodialysis. Home
      hemodialysis patients survived longer compared with patients utilizing other
      dialysis modalities, possibly because of a younger average age and a lower
      incidence of diabetes mellitus and renal vascular disease. There was greater than
      a threefold rise in risk ratio with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus compared
      with either chronic glomerulonephritis or polycystic kidney disease. Older
      patients and those with diabetes mellitus formed the high-risk group; these two
      characteristics have been increasing during the last eight years of the study. It
      is concluded that although patients with high risk have an increased and a high
      mortality, overall survival has improved.

PMID- 3364445
TI  - Discharge decision-making in a medical intensive care unit. Identifying patients
      at high risk of unexpected death or unit readmission.
AB  - In an attempt to identify clinical variables associated with unexpected death or
      unit readmission following discharge from a medical intensive care unit (MICU),
      300 consecutive patients admitted to a MICU were prospectively identified and
      followed through their hospital stay. Of the 229 patients at risk, 37 (16
      percent) experienced one or more unexpected unit readmissions (n = 30) or death
      (n = 7). In comparison to the patients without such complications (n = 192),
      these 37 patients differed with respect to age, diagnosis, and severity of
      illness on admission. In addition, these patients were sicker on initial unit
      discharge as manifested by higher heart and respiratory rates and lower
      hematocrit values. On multivariate analysis, age, acute physiology score on
      admission, and a diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were independent
      predictors of unexpected outcome. It is concluded that patients at high risk for
      unit readmission or unexpected death are distinguished from other MICU survivors
      on several clinical parameters. Whether such information can be useful in
      individual discharge decisions is uncertain and requires further investigation.

PMID- 3364446
TI  - Hypophosphatemia-associated respiratory muscle weakness in a general inpatient
      population.
AB  - Although hypophosphatemia has been implicated as a cause of respiratory failure,
      its impact on respiratory muscle function in patients hospitalized for other
      reasons remains to be determined. Maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) and maximal
      expiratory pressures (MEP) were measured at the bedside in 23 hospitalized
      patients with serum phosphate levels less than 2.5 mg/dl, and these measurements
      were repeated daily during phosphate repletion until serum phosphate levels
      reached the normal range. A control group consisted of 11 normophosphatemic
      inpatients. Sixteen of 23 hypophosphatemic patients, but none of the control
      patients (p less than 0.001), exhibited respiratory muscle weakness, defined as a
      MIP less than 40 cm H2O or a MEP less than 70 cm H2O. The mean initial MIP and
      MEP values were also significantly lower for the hypophosphatemic group. A
      significant correlation existed between initial phosphate level and initial MIP
      value (r = 0.50, p less than 0.02). With phosphate repletion, mean +/- SD MIP
      increased from -37 +/- 26 cm H2O to -49 +/- 24 cm H2O (p less than 0.003) and MEP
      from 60 +/- 20 cm H2O to 69 +/- 19 cm H2O (p less than 0.02). It is concluded
      that respiratory muscle weakness is common among hypophosphatemic patients and
      improves with phosphate repletion.

PMID- 3364447
TI  - Prediction and reversal of blunted ventilatory responsiveness in patients with
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - To define the prevalence of impaired ventilatory responses in hypothyroidism,
      clinical and chemical parameters predicting their presence, and the potential for
      their acute reversal, ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were
      studied in 38 hypothyroid patients before treatment, and after short-term (seven
      days) and long-term (12 to 24 weeks) thyroid hormone therapy. Before treatment,
      hypercapnic ventilatory responses were blunted in 10 of 29 patients (34 percent),
      whereas hypoxic ventilatory responses were abnormal in eight of 30 patients (27
      percent). Hypothyroid women and patients with marked pretreatment elevation of
      the serum thyrotropin concentration (greater than 90 mU/liter) were significantly
      more likely to have impaired ventilatory responses. In patients with an abnormal
      pretreatment response, parenteral thyroid hormone therapy (25 to 50 micrograms of
      L-triiodothyronine or 100 micrograms of L-thyroxine per day for seven days)
      significantly enhanced hypercapnic (0.75 +/- 0.06 to 1.19 +/- 0.16
      liters/minute/mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and hypoxic (93 +/- 12 to 176 +/- 31
      liters.mm Hg/minute, p less than 0.05) ventilatory responsiveness acutely. In
      seven of nine patients with abnormal pretreatment hypercapnic responses, and six
      of eight patients with abnormal hypoxic responses, normal ventilatory
      responsiveness was restored after one week of therapy. It is concluded that: (1)
      a subset of hypothyroid patients have blunted ventilatory responses to
      hypercapnia and/or hypoxia; (2) hypothyroid women and patients with a serum
      thyrotropin greater than 90 mU/liter more often manifest this abnormality; and
      (3) thyroid hormone therapy for one week reverses impaired ventilatory responses
      in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 3364448
TI  - Improved recognition of cor pulmonale in patients with severe chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - To compare sensitivity of clinical methods (physical examination,
      electrocardiogram, and chest radiograph) to echocardiography in the detection of
      cor pulmonale, and to determine the role of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in its
      development, 33 non-hypoxemic patients who had severe chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD) were evaluated by clinical methods, echocardiography,
      and overnight ear oximetry. Compared to 25 age-matched control subjects, COPD
      patients had higher peak pulmonary systolic pressures by contrast-enhanced
      Doppler (40 +/- 13 versus 22 +/- 5 mm Hg, or 5.3 +/- 1.7 versus 2.9 +/- 0.7 kPa)
      and ratios of right to left ventricular volume (1.1 +/- 0.6 versus 0.6 +/- 0.1,
      both p less than 0.05). Defining cor pulmonale as pulmonary hypertension, right
      ventricular enlargement, or right ventricular hypertrophy, 25 COPD patients (75
      percent) had cor pulmonale by echocardiography and 13 (39 percent) by clinical
      methods (p less than 0.05). Nocturnal desaturation was present in only 21 percent
      of patients. Echocardiographic measurements were similar between patients with
      emphysema and patients with bronchitis, and between patients with and without
      sleep desaturation. In patients who have severe COPD without waking hypoxemia,
      cor pulmonale is detected nearly twice as often by echocardiography as by
      clinical methods, but is usually not associated with sleep desaturation.

PMID- 3364450
TI  - The impending crisis in internal medicine training programs.

PMID- 3364449
TI  - Abnormal lipid metabolism in treated hypertensive patients with non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations were measured in 169
      patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 78 with normal
      blood pressure, and 91 diagnosed and receiving drug treatment for hypertension.
      Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and
      apoprotein B concentrations were significantly higher (p = less than 0.05 to less
      than 0.001) in the hypertensive group. In addition, the ratios of high-density to
      low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and of apoprotein A-1 to apoprotein B were
      significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in patients with hypertension. The
      changes noted were independent of differences in sex distribution, degree of
      obesity, and level of glycemic control. These results indicate that substantial
      differences in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations are seen
      when normotensive patients with NIDDM are compared with patients who are also
      being treated for hypertension, and that all of the changes noted would increase
      the risk of coronary artery disease in the hypertensive group. Since all patients
      with hypertension were receiving anti-hypertensive medications, it is not clear
      if it is hypertension per se, or its treatment, that is responsible for the
      observed changes in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 3364451
TI  - Melioidosis: a reminder.
AB  - Recrudescent pulmonary melioidosis developed in two patients 12 and 16 years
      after their last travels to an endemic area. In one, a clinically silent
      prostatic abscess may have been the focus; and in both, the diagnosis was
      difficult to make even when the laboratory was notified of the possibility of
      infection with Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Recrudescent melioidosis should be
      considered in febrile patients who have been in endemic areas regardless of the
      interval from last exposure to the development of disease.

PMID- 3364452
TI  - A new cause of cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia: neurosarcoidosis.

PMID- 3364453
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse, cerebral ischemia, and protein S deficiency.

PMID- 3364454
TI  - Mycoplasma hominis septicemia after heart surgery.

PMID- 3364455
TI  - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes in older patients.

PMID- 3364456
TI  - Do not go slowly into that dark night: mercy killing in Holland.

PMID- 3364457
TI  - Acute neurologic and psychiatric complications associated with cocaine abuse.

PMID- 3364458
TI  - Side effects of acetazolamide: the champagne blues.

PMID- 3364459
TI  - Ventricular tachycardia due to pentamidine isethionate.

PMID- 3364460
TI  - Appraisal of various thrombolytic agents in the treatment of acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3364461
TI  - High incidence of relapse in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

PMID- 3364463
TI  - Vasopressin: sexual dimorphism in secretion, cardiovascular actions and
      hypertension.
AB  - We have investigated the issue of sexual dimorphism in the secretion of
      vasopressin, its pressor action, and the development of deoxycorticosterone (DOC)
      salt hypertension. In normal human subjects on controlled salt intake, the basal
      secretion of vasopressin, indicated by plasma vasopressin levels and urinary
      excretion of vasopressin, was higher in men than in women and in blacks than in
      whites. Basal vasopressin secretion also was higher in male than in female rats.
      This effect was not associated with a difference in the metabolic clearance of
      the hormone. The sex-related difference in vasopressin release in rats was
      abolished by gonadectomy and restored by treatment of males with testosterone and
      females with ovarian hormones. The pressor responsiveness to vasopressin was
      higher in male than in randomly cycling female rats. Finally, DOC-salt
      hypertension, which is dependent on vasopressin, developed more rapidly in male
      than in female rats. Although there was no sex-related difference in the extent
      to which plasma vasopressin levels were elevated, pressor responsiveness to
      vasopressin was greater and baroreflex sensitivity was attenuated to a lesser
      extent in hypertensive males than in hypertensive females. Thus, it seems likely
      that gonadal hormones play a significant role in cardiovascular regulation.

PMID- 3364462
TI  - Renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic
      acid.
AB  - Arachidonic acid is oxidized by the microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases of
      rabbit kidney cortex and medulla to products that include W and W-1 alcohols and
      several epoxyacids. In vivo administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate results
      in a time dependent and selective induction of the arachidonic acid W/W-1
      oxygenase activity of cortex and medulla microsomal fractions (145% and 220% of
      controls, respectively). Initial segmental analysis shows the presence of an
      active epoxygenase activity in the isolated rabbit pars recta and its in vitro
      activation by p-aminohippuric acid.

PMID- 3364464
TI  - Computer models for designing hypertension experiments and studying concepts.
AB  - This paper demonstrates how computer models along with animal experiments have
      been used to work out the conceptual bases of hypertensive mechanisms, especially
      the following: (1) The renal-fluid volume pressure control mechanism has a feed
      back gain for pressure control of infinity. Therefore, the chronic level to which
      the arterial pressure is controlled can be changed only by altering this pressure
      control mechanism. (2) An increase in total peripheral resistance is not
      sufficient by itself to cause hypertension. The only resistances in the
      circulatory system that, when increased, will cause hypertension are those along
      a restricted axis from the root of the aorta to Bowman's capsule in the kidneys.
      (3) Autoregulation in the peripheral vascular beds does not increase the arterial
      pressure in hypertension. However, autoregulation can convert high cardiac output
      hypertension into high peripheral resistance hypertension. (4) In a computer
      simulation that cannot yet be performed in animals, a simulated hypertension
      caused by a combination of increased renal afferent and efferent arteriolar
      resistances has characteristics that match almost exactly those of essential
      hypertension.

PMID- 3364465
TI  - Characteristics and extent of rapid aortic baroreceptor resetting in rat.
AB  - The characteristics of rapid or acute resetting of the aortic baroreceptors were
      studied in anesthetized rats during 30 minutes of sustained hypertension produced
      by phenylephrine infusion. Two minutes after the onset of hypertension, a
      resetting of 26% (ratio of change in systolic threshold pressure to total change
      in diastolic pressure) was demonstrable. This represents 60% of the maximal
      resetting (43%) observed after 20 minutes. Thereafter, the magnitude of resetting
      remained stable. Pressure-nerve activity showed a parallel shift after 2 and 20
      minutes of hypertension, with a slight tendency to increased slope at elevated
      pressures, especially in the baroreceptor function curve analyzed after 2
      minutes. These results suggest that in rats, no significant difference exists in
      the time course for resetting of baroreceptor fibers with low vs. high
      thresholds. In contrast to other studies, reversibility of the resetting process
      was not complete within 30 minutes of pressure normalization, and the extent of
      reversal was no greater than 60%. The data of the present study, taken together
      with those obtained previously after 6 hours of hypertension, suggest that during
      the onset and maintenance of hypertension in rat, acute or rapid resetting of the
      baroreceptors reaches its maximum in 20 minutes (40%) and remains stable for up
      to 6 hours, with no apparent change in the baroreceptor gain.

PMID- 3364466
TI  - Relationship of sodium balance to arterial pressure in black hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - To investigate the quantitative importance of sodium balance to arterial pressure
      changes produced by changes in sodium intake, we studied normotensive white and
      black subjects and hypertensive black patients with two protocols. Protocol 1
      used a 3-day control period with a 150 mEq sodium intake/day followed by 4 days
      of salt depletion (SD) with a diet providing 9 mEq/day of sodium and furosemide,
      1 mg/kg, given the first day and then 3 days of salt loading (SL), during which
      25 mL/kg of isotonic sodium chloride solution was given intravenously each day
      (3.88 mEq sodium/kg/day). In protocol 2, the sequence of sodium intake changes
      was reversed. For both protocols, sodium balance was calculated by subtracting
      urinary sodium excretion from sodium intake and expressed in mEq/kg, either
      positive or negative. In protocol 1, the hypertensives had statistically
      significant changes in arterial pressure with changes in salt intake, and they
      also lost more sodium than normotensives during SD. In protocol 2, blacks, both
      normotensives and hypertensives, had statistically significant pressure changes
      with both SL and SD, and black hypertensives retained less sodium during SL than
      either normotensive group. Spearman correlations showed no relationship between
      sodium balance and mean arterial pressure, suggesting that salt-sensitive
      hypertension results not from the magnitude of sodium retention, but from the
      pressor mechanisms evoked.

PMID- 3364467
TI  - Hypothesis: low dietary K may lead to renal failure in blacks with hypertension
      and severe intimal thickening.
AB  - Hypertension can precipitate renal failure in blacks. The key hypertensive lesion
      in the renal vasculature is severe intimal thickening in interlobular arteries
      without fibrinoid necrosis. Hypertensive endothelial injury is the likely cause
      of the intimal thickening. High K diets prevent wall thickening of small renal
      arteries and arterioles in hypertensive Dahl S rats and greatly reduce both
      medial and intimal thickening of the aorta and mesenteric and carotid arteries in
      hypertensive stroke-prone SHRsp rats. In view of this, it is likely that the low
      K diet characteristically consumed by blacks exaggerates their hypertensive
      intimal thickening. A high K diet could possibly preserve these arteries and
      avert much renal failure.

PMID- 3364468
TI  - Efferent glomerular arteriolar constriction: a possible intrarenal hemodynamic
      defect in hypertension.
AB  - A variety of mechanisms involving the kidney subserve the control of arterial
      pressure and the development and maintenance of hypertension. The precise and
      direct delineation of intrarenal hemodynamic mechanisms has been possible only by
      micropuncture techniques. Since these methods can be used only in the
      anesthetized animal, intrarenal hemodynamic assessment in conscious intact
      experimental animals or patients with essential hypertension must be indirect.
      Using indirect methods, calculated pressures in our laboratory have demonstrated
      differences in intrarenal hemodynamics between SHR and normotensive WKY rats,
      notably enhanced responsiveness of the efferent arteriole to alpha adrenergic
      agonist stimulation. When the calcium antagonist diltiazem was administered to
      the SHR or to patients with essential hypertension, it effected an increased
      renal blood flow and a well-maintained glomerular filtration rate without
      hyperfiltration. These indirect data suggest that there may be an efferent
      arteriolar abnormality in genetically mediated hypertension that may be reversed
      with certain calcium antagonists.

PMID- 3364469
TI  - Exactly like a nurse.

PMID- 3364470
TI  - Supplementary agencies provide skilled nursing care.

PMID- 3364471
TI  - Who's responsible for condom quality?

PMID- 3364473
TI  - God bless the child and the keepers.

PMID- 3364472
TI  - Can primary nursing survive?

PMID- 3364474
TI  - Two reports, one disease.

PMID- 3364475
TI  - Biophysical profile scoring: the fetal Apgar.

PMID- 3364476
TI  - More than mere shots.

PMID- 3364477
TI  - Walk a shift in my shoes.

PMID- 3364478
TI  - Subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

PMID- 3364480
TI  - Students in the ICU.

PMID- 3364479
TI  - Southeast jobfocus. Goin' South.

PMID- 3364481
TI  - PCA for adolescents in sickle-cell crisis.

PMID- 3364482
TI  - Making self-talk positive.

PMID- 3364483
TI  - More RNs needed to fight AIDS, says commission, urging a federal push to end
      nursing shortages.

PMID- 3364484
TI  - Angels of mercy.

PMID- 3364486
TI  - Patient acceptance of prefilled disposable vaginal applicator.
AB  - Patient acceptance of a new, compact, prefilled disposable vaginal applicator was
      tested in an open study in which 2% butoconazole cream was used for the treatment
      of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Twenty nonpregnant patients with clinical signs and
      symptoms of candidiasis and microscopic identification of Candida in wet smear
      were treated for 3 days and then asked to rate the convenience of and their
      acceptance of the prefilled vaginal applicator. No adverse events were reported.
      All of the patients readily accepted the idea of a prefilled applicator and
      judged the shape and surface of the test applicator to be comfortable and the
      applicator to be easily inserted. Patients judged this applicator to be the most
      convenient and least messy when compared with other commercially available,
      reusable, or prefilled disposable applicators.

PMID- 3364485
TI  - Three-day treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
AB  - Butoconazole nitrate, a newer imidazole, is effective for the treatment of
      vulvovaginal candidiasis when administered as a vaginal cream. The microbiologic
      and clinical cure rates achieved with a 3-day course of butoconazole 2% cream
      have been comparable with those obtained with a 6-day course of miconazole
      nitrate 2% cream or a 3-day course of clotrimazole vaginal tablets (200 mg/day).
      Patients taking oral contraceptives have responded as favorably as those using
      other forms of birth control or none whatsoever. In addition, both microbiologic
      and clinical cures resulting from a 3-day regimen of butoconazole 2% cream have
      been sustained for at least 4 weeks. The high degree of efficacy and safety
      demonstrated by this short treatment regimen offers an advantage in the
      management of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis, many of whom are likely to
      abandon any therapy as soon as their clinical symptoms have subsided. A clinical
      assessment of butoconazole vaginal suppositories (100 mg/day) and clotrimazole
      vaginal tablets (200 mg/day) found that the two therapies were comparably safe
      and effective when administered for 3 days. The suppository form of butoconazole
      may offer a valuable therapeutic alternative for patients who wish to use it
      instead of or in conjunction with vaginal cream.

PMID- 3364487
TI  - Role of the nurse practitioner in the management of vaginitis.
AB  - The role of the nurse practitioner has expanded over the past 15 years in the
      areas of administration, clinical practice, counseling, and surgical assistance
      and in postoperative-postpartum rounds. One primary activity of a nurse
      practitioner in our office is the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis. Vaginitis
      is diagnosed fairly easily with a careful physical examination and a wet smear.
      Because a nurse practitioner can make herself accessible to the patients,
      compliance with treatment is improved. In a supporting role the nurse
      practitioner can complement and enhance the physician's practice and improve the
      quality of women's health care.

PMID- 3364488
TI  - Effect of butoconazole nitrate cream and wax insert on the barrier property of
      contraceptive devices.
AB  - A new method was developed to assess the quality of the barrier property of
      several types of commonly used contraceptive devices (diaphragm, cervical cap,
      and condom). Our data showed that butoconazole nitrate cream and wax inserts did
      not affect the barrier property of the contraceptive devices when the products
      were placed in contact with the devices for up to 72 hours at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 3364489
TI  - Bilirubin found in syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low
      platelet count.

PMID- 3364490
TI  - Outcome of pregnancy after injection with mononuclear cells.

PMID- 3364491
TI  - Autonomic hyperreflexia in uterine contractions.

PMID- 3364492
TI  - Incidence of hydatidiform mole.

PMID- 3364494
TI  - Transactions of the sixth annual meeting of the American Gynecological and
      Obstetrical Society.

PMID- 3364493
TI  - The impact of subspecialties on obstetrics and gynecology.
AB  - The role of subspecialties in obstetrics and gynecology was evaluated by a mail
      questionnaire to department chairpersons, members of the American Gynecological
      and Obstetrical Society, nonuniversity directors of obstetrics and gynecology
      residency programs, and others. Results from the questionnaire were evaluated by
      conventional statistical methods. The issues identified included subspecialties
      and the further development of our specialty in role modeling, enhanced education
      for both residents and students, and the recruitment of a higher-quality resident
      for our specialty. Additional issues included: Were subspecialties a mistake, and
      have they fragmented our specialty? Some of the results include the following:
      (1) More than 90% of respondents agree that subspecialties have helped in the
      development of obstetrics and gynecology. (2) The subspecialties have enhanced
      our image in medical schools (88%) and in the community hospitals (77%). (3) The
      education of medical students (73%) and of residents (86%) has been enhanced by
      the development of subspecialties. (4) As predicted, the subspecialties have
      fragmented our specialty (69%), but patient care has not suffered. (5)
      Disagreement is noted between chairpersons and other respondents that a higher
      quality resident is going into subspecialties, but all agreed that the improved
      quality of residents was due to the development of subspecialties. (6) Only 10%
      of respondents wished subspecialties had never been developed as contrasted to
      82% of all respondents who felt they were commendable. (7) If another
      subspecialty area is to be identified, more respondents prefer reproductive
      urology than the next two areas combined.

PMID- 3364495
TI  - Relative deoxyribonucleic acid content of interphase leukocytes by flow
      cytometry: a method for indirect diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities with
      potential for prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - A major goal of prenatal cytogenetic analysis is the development of minimally
      invasive techniques by which all pregnancies may be screened. That nucleated
      fetal cells exist in the maternal circulation raises the possibility that their
      cytogenetic status could be determined. However, these cells may not respond to
      commonly used mitogens. Thus it will probably be necessary to develop methods to
      analyze nondividing (interphase) cells. We therefore evaluated the use of flow
      cytometry as a means of determining whether the relative deoxyribonucleic acid
      content of G0-G1 leukocytes (expressed as the deoxyribonucleic acid index) could
      be used to verify aneuploidy or other chromosomal abnormalities. Our findings
      indicate this is indeed possible. We determined that the mean deoxyribonucleic
      acid index of circulating leukocytes from normal adult men (n = 15) was
      significantly different from that of leukocytes from normal adult women (n = 15).
      Similar results were obtained in leukocytes from umbilical cord blood of normal
      male neonates (n = 15) and normal female neonates (n = 15). Most importantly,
      values for leukocytes from each of 13 aneuploid individuals fell outside the
      range of values for leukocytes from normal adults of the same sex.

PMID- 3364496
TI  - Effects of amrinone and dopamine on uterine blood flow and vascular responses in
      the gravid baboon.
AB  - Amrinone is a bipyridine derivative with positive inotropic and vasodilator
      properties. We investigated its effects on uterine and iliac artery blood flow,
      blood pressure, and heart rate in 10 acutely instrumented gravid baboons.
      Amrinone was compared with dopamine, infused systemically or regionally via the
      common iliac artery. When given intravenously at a constant rate of 40
      micrograms/kg/min, amrinone produced a slight increase in iliac artery blood flow
      but did not significantly alter mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or uterine
      artery blood flow. Dopamine at an intravenous dose of 40 micrograms/kg/min
      produced a mean (+/- SD) 49.2% +/- 18.7% increase in mean arterial pressure (p
      less than 0.01) and a 84.2% +/- 56.1% increase in uterine vascular resistance (p
      less than 0.01), but caused no changes in heart rate, uterine artery blood flow,
      or iliac artery blood flow. Regional infusion of amrinone at the rate of 25
      micrograms/kg/min produced a significant increase in iliac artery blood flow (p
      less than 0.01) without changing uterine artery blood flow, heart rate, or mean
      arterial pressure. Regional infusion of dopamine at concentrations of 2.5 to 25
      micrograms/kg/min produced decreases in flow (p less than 0.01) and increases in
      resistance (p less than 0.01) in the uterine and iliac vascular beds. We conclude
      that amrinone dilates the vascular bed of the external iliac artery, but has no
      remarkable effect on the uterine vascular bed. Dopamine increases uterine
      vascular resistance and may impair uteroplacental perfusion.

PMID- 3364497
TI  - Physicochemical characterization and functional activity of fibroid prolactin
      produced in cell culture.
AB  - Evidence from our laboratory with the use of cultured (primary and passaged)
      cells has extended our initial observation that human uterine fibroid is an
      extrapituitary source of prolactin. Fibroid prolactin antigen in conditioned
      medium reacted specifically in radioimmunoassay for human pituitary prolactin.
      Control experiments demonstrated that the radioimmunoassay results were not
      spurious due to degradation of tracer 125I-labeled prolactin. Immunoparallel
      dilution curves indicated antigenic relatedness of pituitary and fibroid
      prolactin. In a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column, fibroid prolactin eluted in the
      same region (20.3 to 20.9 kd) as purified pituitary prolactin. Glycosylated
      prolactin, detected by concanavalin A affinity column chromatography, appeared to
      constitute only a small percentage of fibroid prolactin made in culture. The
      ratio of fibroid prolactin bioactivity (lactogen Nb2 lymphoma bioassay) to
      antigen (radioimmunoassay) was 0.77. These data indicate that human uterine
      fibroid tissue produces a molecule similar to or, perhaps, identical with
      pituitary prolactin.

PMID- 3364498
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of stromal/epithelial interactions in the human
      endometrial cycle.
AB  - We found ultrastructural evidence of interactions between glandular epithelium
      and superficial stromal cells of the human endometrium during phases of the
      menstrual cycle. Four significant changes were observed in the transition from
      early proliferative (days 5 to 9) to early secretory (days 15 to 19) phases.
      These changes included: (1) an increase in the number and size of lamina densa
      disruptions, (2) an increase in the number and size of gap junctions, (3) an
      increase in the number and complexity of epithelial cell projections that
      extended through the lamina densa, and (4) an increase in close contacts between
      stromal and epithelial cells. The complex epithelial cell projections that
      extended through the lamina densa were in close proximity to stromal cells. These
      interactions were seen primarily in the early secretory phase. After that time
      (days 20 to 28) the interactions were less frequent. These morphologic results
      reveal complex physical interactions between epithelial and stromal cells of the
      adult endometrium. The interactions reach maximal development during the
      preimplantation phase of the endometrial cycle.

PMID- 3364499
TI  - Sacrospinous ligament fixation for eversion of the vagina.
AB  - During the period from January 1, 1974, through June 30, 1987, 100 patients were
      treated with a sacrospinous ligament suspension of the vaginal apex at the
      University of Michigan Medical Center. Fifty-seven patients had a
      posthysterectomy complete vaginal prolapse; 38 patients, an incomplete vaginal
      prolapse; and five, a posthysterectomy enterocele. Fifty-one patients had had an
      abdominal hysterectomy and 49 a vaginal hysterectomy previously. Almost half of
      the patients had had at least one attempt at surgical correction of the prolapse
      and three patients had had four previous procedures. The immediate postoperative
      complications were not unexpected. Febrile morbidity responding to appropriate
      therapy was the most common complication. There was no surgical mortality.
      Seventy-one of the 78 patients were operated on greater than or equal to 1 year
      ago and were the subjects of the review. Sixty-four of the patients (90%) had
      complete symptomatic relief after operation. Ten of these patients had some
      asymptomatic laxity of the vaginal walls and nine others had satisfactory support
      but vaginal stenosis or symptoms of stress urinary incontinence after operation.
      Four patients developed cystoceles and three others had recurrent vaginal
      prolapse. The vaginal approach to the treatment of eversion of the vagina has
      many advantages, as reported. The surgical goals described were attained;
      therefore, use of the sacrospinous ligament fixation procedure as a therapeutic
      procedure only is defended. The surgical technique is described. Finally, the
      sacrospinous ligament fixation of vaginal vault prolapse should assume high
      priority in our therapeutic regimen.

PMID- 3364500
TI  - Baboon corpus luteum oxytocin: an intragonadal peptide modulator of luteal
      function.
AB  - Oxytocin concentrations were determined in baboon (Papio anubis) corpora lutea,
      and the effect of oxytocin on dispersed luteal cell progesterone production was
      evaluated. Oxytocin concentrations increased significantly from an early luteal
      phase value of 2.1 +/- 1.1 ng/gm to a peak concentration of 18.1 +/- 4.3 ng/gm
      wet weight in midluteal phase corpora lutea. Corpora albicantia and ovarian
      stroma had comparatively low oxytocin concentrations. Reverse-phase high-pressure
      liquid chromatography of corpora lutea extracts gave a peptide peak (retention
      time, 17.25 min) similar to a standard oxytocin peak. Plasma oxytocin levels,
      which were significantly higher in the ovarian vein draining a corpus luteum than
      in the contralateral side or the femoral vein, declined significantly after
      luteectomy. Oxytocin was localized by immunocytochemical methods in luteal cells.
      In the early luteal phase oxytocin (4 to 800 mU; 1 mU is equivalent to 2 ng)
      inhibited basal and human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone
      production by dispersed luteal cells, but in the late luteal phase 200 to 800 mU
      oxytocin inhibited only human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone
      output. Oxytocin did not affect luteal cell progesterone production in the
      midluteal phase. Thus oxytocin is present in corpora lutea, can be localized in
      the luteal cells, is probably produced locally, and may modulate luteal cell
      progesterone production.

PMID- 3364501
TI  - The classification and definition of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
AB  - Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy may be the result of a number of
      different disorders with different etiologies and pathologic characteristics. As
      the causes of hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy are largely unknown, a
      new clinical classification of the hypertensive disorders is proposed and is
      based solely on the physical signs of hypertension and proteinuria. The
      classification is intended to define meaningful clinical categories by which all
      cases of hypertension and proteinuria occurring in pregnancy, labor, or the
      puerperium may be classified. New definitions of hypertension and proteinuria are
      also proposed; they are based on standardized methods of measurement and simple
      criteria of abnormality. It is hoped that this clinical classification and
      associated definitions will find general acceptance so that the incidence and
      outcome of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the results of research in
      different centers may be compared and mutual understanding achieved.

PMID- 3364502
TI  - Smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: nicotine and cotinine in serum
      and cervical mucus in smokers and nonsmokers.
AB  - A blood sample before treatment was taken from 35 women with cervical
      intraepithelial neoplasia. Levels of nicotine and cotinine were analyzed by
      radioimmunoassay. Both cotinine and, especially, nicotine were shown to be
      strongly concentrated in cervical mucus compared with serum levels. These
      findings confirm the association shown in epidemiologic studies of smoking and
      cervical neoplasia. It cannot be concluded that smoking is a genuine cause of
      cervical neoplasia. However, the results support the concept that smoking is a
      true risk factor in cervical neoplasia.

PMID- 3364503
TI  - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix after recent negative cytologic
      test results--a distinct subgroup?
AB  - A study was conducted to determine if invasive cervical cancer diagnosed shortly
      after negative cytologic test results represents a demographically or
      epidemiologically distinct subgroup of these tumors. A total of 200 patients with
      invasive squamous cervical cancer and matched, neighborhood control subjects were
      interviewed. Cytology reports for smears taken 5 years before diagnosis were
      obtained, and reportedly negative smears were solicited and reevaluated. Thirty
      three patients (group 1) had had one or more negative smears within 5 years and
      no previous abnormal cytologic results. At diagnosis cancers in group 1 had
      progressed further than those of patients with nondiagnostic positive smears
      (group 2, n = 43) but not as far as those of patients with no cytologic tests
      done within 5 years (group 3, n = 96). Age and social class were the same in
      groups 1 and 2, but both groups were younger and better educated than group 3.
      Otherwise group 1 did not differ from the other groups and the same risk factors
      prevailed roughly equally in all three groups. Therefore cervical tumors
      diagnosed soon after negative cytologic test results do not appear to differ
      etiologically from other squamous carcinomas at this site, and the failure of
      screening to detect these tumors is probably due to rapid progression through the
      preinvasive stages and/or failure to shed cancer cells in quantities sufficient
      for detection by routine cytologic screening.

PMID- 3364504
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and management of bleeding disorders with fetal blood
      sampling.
AB  - The technique of fetal blood sampling for prenatal diagnosis has been shown to be
      both feasible and safe. The availability of fetal blood for direct evaluation has
      changed our attitude about the problems of both hereditary and acquired immune
      fetal bleeding disorders. We can continue with the classic approach and use fetal
      blood sampling for those conditions in which termination may be recommended, but
      we can also investigate less severe disorders in which the diagnosis allows us to
      plan the management of the pregnancy and minimize intrapartum and neonatal
      complications. We report our experience in prenatal diagnosis and management of
      103 cases of hereditary and 18 cases of acquired immune bleeding disorders. We
      have developed specific management plans depending on the disorder under
      investigation, the severity of the condition in the fetus, and parental wishes.
      We have performed in utero transfusions of platelets and factor concentrate where
      appropriate. Efficacy of maternal therapy for fetal conditions can be directly
      assessed during gestation. Mode of delivery is determined by obstetric conditions
      and fetal status, directly assessed after appropriate therapy. Closer
      surveillance of the fetus by fetal blood sampling gives precise information on
      which to base clinical decisions to provide optimal maternal and fetal outcome.

PMID- 3364505
TI  - Evaluation of the B-protein assay in cancer management.
AB  - Previous data have suggested that the B-protein assay might prove to be useful in
      the assessment of patients with cancer after various therapeutic modalities. The
      assay's effectiveness was evaluated by prospective study of 133 patients with
      cervical, uterine, or ovarian cancer. After therapy, B-protein levels remained
      elevated in 17 nonresponding patients who eventually died of the disease. In
      contrast, 88 patients experienced a significant reduction in B-protein levels
      measured 90 days after treatment. Among this group, 25 patients demonstrated
      elevated B-protein levels during the 2-year follow-up period and all were
      confirmed to have persistent or recurrent disease. These data indicate that
      monitoring serum B-protein levels can be beneficial in the posttherapeutic
      management of gynecologic malignancies.

PMID- 3364506
TI  - Does family history of breast cancer improve survival among patients with breast
      cancer?
AB  - Overall cancer mortality to December 1985 among 291 patients whose breast cancer
      was diagnosed between 1971 and 1974 and who were interviewed shortly after
      diagnosis was 39.9% (116 deaths). In this study population a positive maternal
      family history was strongly associated with breast cancer: The odds ratio for
      patients versus controls of having a mother with breast cancer was 3.32 (95%
      confidence limits 1.64 and 6.72); the odds ratio of having a mother, sister, or
      maternal aunt with breast cancer was 1.92 (95% confidence limits 1.27 and 2.91).
      However, family history was not associated with stage at diagnosis, which is the
      most important survival factor (53.6% of patients with a family history and 51.7%
      without were at a local stage at diagnosis). Survival was better, although not
      significantly so, among women with maternal relatives with breast cancer. The
      relative risk of dying of cancer, adjusted for confounding factors, was 1.40 for
      women without versus with a family history; the difference in survival was not
      statistically significant.

PMID- 3364507
TI  - Effect of therapy on infertile couples with antisperm antibodies.
AB  - One hundred seventy-eight couples with positive antisperm antibody titers in
      serum and genital secretions were offered treatment with prednisone. Of 60
      couples who received prednisone only, 43% conceived. Of 25 who had no therapy,
      48% conceived. Fifty-four patients treated with prednisone received additional
      therapy and 31% conceived. Ten of 39 patients not treated with prednisone but
      receiving other therapies conceived. Cytotoxic antibodies were reduced in 30% to
      42% of serum samples and in 24% to 33% of genital secretion samples. In those
      couples with decreased cytotoxic antibodies pregnancy rates were 40% to 60%
      compared with 0% to 23% in those with decreased hemagglutinating antibody titers.
      Our data suggest that prednisone did not improve overall pregnancy rates;
      pregnancy rates were comparable in both groups treated with other therapies;
      donor insemination was the most successful of the alternative therapies;
      reduction of cytotoxic antibody titers after prednisone treatment was associated
      with increased pregnancy rates.

PMID- 3364508
TI  - Effects of relaxin on the fertilization capacity of human spermatozoa.
AB  - Relaxin, a polypeptide hormone found in human seminal plasma, exerted favorable
      effects on the function of spermatozoa. This study was designed to investigate
      the effect of this hormone on the fertilization capacity of human spermatozoa
      from 10 oligospermic men (group A), 11 asthenospermic men (group B), 10
      normospermic infertile men (group C), and 10 men with verified fertility (group
      D). We compared the effects of purified porcine relaxin at different
      concentrations (0, 50, and 150 ng/ml). Parameters include motility, hypoosmolar
      swelling test, and zona-free hamster egg penetration test. In group A and group
      B, relaxin increased the results of the hamster egg penetration test and
      motility. In group C, results of the hamster egg penetration test and motility
      improved only at the concentration of 50 ng/ml. In group D, relaxin increased the
      results of the hamster egg penetration test only at a concentration of 150 ng/ml.
      Results of the hypoosmolar swelling test were not consistently altered in any
      study group. Relaxin appears to enhance the fertilization capacity and motility
      of human spermatozoa in oligospermic and asthenospermic subjects.

PMID- 3364510
TI  - Papers selected from presentations given at the symposium "Vulvovaginal
      Candidiasis: Current Views". January 10-11, 1987.

PMID- 3364511
TI  - Current perspectives in candidal vulvovaginitis.

PMID- 3364509
TI  - Life table analysis of intrauterine insemination pregnancy rates.
AB  - One hundred twenty-eight couples undergoing intrauterine inseminations were
      retrospectively reviewed. Life table methodology was used to analyze cumulative
      pregnancy rates and monthly fecundability. Respective 6- and 12-month cumulative
      pregnancy rates for each diagnostic group receiving intrauterine insemination
      were: cervical factor, 28.6% and 42.8%; male factor, 16.7% and 16.7%; female
      immune factor, 66.7% and 100.0%; male immune factor, 37.5% and 68.8%; and empiric
      treatment, 60.0% and 60.0%. There was no difference in pregnancy rates between
      sperm processed with a swim-up in Ham's F-10 or a two-gradient Percoll system.
      Abnormal sperm penetration assay results in patients with male factor did
      significantly (p = 0.05) lower the pregnancy rate. It is concluded that if no
      pregnancy has occurred after six cycles of inseminations, further workup or other
      treatment may be initiated, but additional pregnancies can be achieved from the
      seventh through the twelfth cycles of intrauterine insemination.

PMID- 3364512
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of candidiasis.
AB  - Candida is identified microscopically by the observation of hyphae, linear chains
      of asexually budding yeast. Since these structures do not grow extensively
      through the stratum corneum, cutaneous samples may require Gram stain for
      identification. Since Candida can colonize normal tissue and also be a culture
      contaminant, clinicians should consider predisposing factors and clinical
      presentation when making a diagnosis of candidiasis. Predisposing cutaneous
      factors for candidiasis include occlusion, maceration, and altered barrier
      function. The hallmarks of Candida infection are bright erythema, fragile
      papulopustules, and satellite lesions. Cutaneous and mucous membrane candidiasis
      may differ in appearance, and sexual transmission should be considered. Treatment
      usually involves a topical or oral anticandidal agent, such as an imidazole.
      Although implicated as a predisposing factor to candidiasis, mild topical
      steroids can be used as short-term adjuvant treatment of these infections; when
      used responsibly, steroids provide antiinflammatory effects that speed relief of
      patient discomfort.

PMID- 3364513
TI  - A model of spatial localization and its application to strabismus.
AB  - Visually guided, spatially oriented behavior involves an ongoing integration of
      signals regarding the loci of the retinal images and the position and orientation
      of the eye. In the strabismic this requires an altered spatial metric resulting
      from a functional readaptation to avoid confusion and diplopia. A comparator
      mechanism for evaluating these two signals is presented. A case report using
      "disruptive" therapeutic procedures that deliberately alter the strabismic's
      visual-postural control system is presented. A treatment plan for altering the
      anomalous binocular link, a characteristic of the well adapted strabismic, is
      described and related to the comparator mechanism.

PMID- 3364514
TI  - Accommodative adaptation induced by sustained disparity-vergence.
AB  - Pre- and post-task measures of dark focus (DF) were used to assess the response
      of the accommodative system to within-task disparity-vergence in 10 late-onset
      myopes (LOM's) and 10 emmetropes. Disparity was induced by 3 and 6 delta base-out
      prisms imposed during a 3 D near-vision task undertaken for 3- and 10-min
      periods. Accommodation was measured after the task at 1-s intervals over a 90-s
      period using an objective infrared optometer to determine post-task regression of
      DF toward pretask values. After the 3-min task both groups show a reduction in DF
      adaptation with increasing disparity-vergence. After the 10-min task, disparity
      continues to have a significant effect on accommodative adaptation in LOM's but
      not in emmetropes, suggesting diminished prism adaptation in LOM's. The
      implications of these findings are discussed with regard to both current models
      of accommodation-vergence interaction and the etiology of late-onset myopia.

PMID- 3364515
TI  - Normative study of accommodative facility in elementary schoolchildren.
AB  - Although accommodative facility testing is used widely in the evaluation of
      accommodation in children, published normative data are not available for this
      age group. Current values being used are based upon studies of adult populations.
      In order to establish norms, 542 elementary schoolchildren were screened. Those
      that passed a specific set of criteria were included in the accommodative
      facility assessment. We used a new target and instructional set, which took into
      consideration the problems associated with subjective testing of young children.
      The results revealed lower mean accommodative facility values for both monocular
      and binocular accommodative facility than the values obtained previously from
      adult populations. These new findings can be used as a clinical guide to evaluate
      accommodative facility in young children.

PMID- 3364516
TI  - Coordination of primary care providers.
AB  - Surveys were sent to family physicians in Illinois to determine knowledge and
      attitude concerning optometry. The respondents were knowledgeable in certain
      aspects of optometry. However, many need to become more aware of the optometrist
      as a health care provider.

PMID- 3364517
TI  - "Choked cornea" and other matters: lessons and inspiration from the past.

PMID- 3364518
TI  - Pinealoma.

PMID- 3364519
TI  - Task performance with base-in and base-out prism.
AB  - The effects of base-in (BI) and base-out (BO) prism upon performance of four
      occupational-like tasks were measured on a group of 10 subjects who had normal
      binocular vision. Performance on tasks which required depth perception was
      significantly poorer when subjects wore prism glasses with 8 and 12 delta BI and
      BO, whereas 4 delta BI and BO did not significantly affect performance. The
      performance decrements with prism (3.0 to 6.7%) were considerably less than those
      induced by denial of binocularity (20 to 30%) as measured in a previous study.
      Thus, vergence-inducing prism does impair task performance but not as much as
      does the denial of binocularity. The reading and counting tasks did not require
      critical depth judgement and were much less affected by the prism than the needle
      threading and pointers-and-straws tasks.

PMID- 3364520
TI  - Variation of convergence limits with change in direction of gaze.
AB  - Until recently, convergence limits have been measured only in the primary
      position of gaze. A new instrument permits such measurements in all directions of
      gaze and at various angular distances from the primary straight-ahead position.
      Aberration and distortion-free stimuli based on Heine's principle were
      incorporated in the apparatus. For each of the nine subjects participating,
      convergence limits were obtained in the primary straight-ahead position,
      secondary, and tertiary positions and in varying degrees of obliquity of these
      directions of gaze. The convergence limits were measured in 10 degrees steps away
      from the straight-ahead position of gaze in 18 different meridians. It was found
      that convergence limits vary markedly with the direction of gaze, the maximal
      vergence range usually being found between 10 to 20 degrees below the primary
      horizontal plane in the lower right-half field, possibly because subjects spend
      most of their time looking in this direction.

PMID- 3364521
TI  - Longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye and wavelength in focus.
AB  - The wavelength in focus on the retina was determined for 14 observers from
      measurements of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye. Measurements
      were made at two viewing distances: 3 m and 40 cm. The results show a large
      amount of individual variability for the wavelength in focus at each distance.
      The range of values at 3 m was 457 to 593 nm with a mean of 518 nm, and 375 to
      548 nm with a mean of 468 nm at 40 cm. The chromatic aberration measured at 3 m
      is the same as previously reported data by other investigators for distant
      viewing. The average results of this study indicate very little difference for
      the chromatic aberration measured at near compared to distant viewing but, again,
      considerable individual variability exists.

PMID- 3364522
TI  - Prospective screening for thimerosal hypersensitivity: a pilot study.
AB  - This pilot study was conducted to determine if prospective patch-test screening
      could predict ocular tolerance to a thimerosal-preserved chemical disinfection
      system. Thirty patients were patch tested for thimerosal hypersensitivity before
      beginning soft contact lens wear. Only one patient exhibited a positive
      prospective patch test and subsequently developed an ocular thimerosal
      hypersensitivity. Two other patients with negative patch tests developed
      thimerosal hypersensitivity reactions over the 1-year study duration. Prospective
      patch testing for thimerosal hypersensitivity was neither clinically valuable nor
      sensitive in this particular sample.

PMID- 3364523
TI  - Diurnal variation in precorneal tear film stability.
AB  - The stability of the precorneal tear film as inferred from the tear thinning time
      (TTT) appears to vary over a single 12-h period. The form of this variation is
      subject dependent. For the average patient the stability is low early in the
      morning, and tends to rise to equilibrium level between 10:00 a.m. and 12 noon.

PMID- 3364524
TI  - Symptoms in VDU operators.
AB  - The investigation of the role of visual and ocular characteristics of visual
      display unit (VDU) operators in the causation of subjective visual fatigue has
      not been reported previously. A retrospective study in which the visual and
      ocular characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic VDU operators was carried
      out in order to determine whether such a relation could be demonstrated. Three
      groups totaling 1013 VDU operators from two semigovernment organizations were
      assessed using either a full eye examination or a modified clinical screening
      technique. Before examination, the operators completed a short questionnaire on
      the symptoms they experienced when using VDU's. Significant differences between
      the symptomatic and asymptomatic operators in some groups were found for over
      refraction (spherical equivalent and cylindrical) and near horizontal
      heterophoria. Despite the existence of this relation, no basis for valid visual
      standards could be established. In particular, no basis was found for the
      automatic prescribing of low plus corrections and, in the absence of clearly
      definable visual standards, the involvement of clinical judgment in the
      assessment of operators was found to be necessary.

PMID- 3364525
TI  - Assessment of the CA/C ratio in a myopic population.
AB  - The convergent accommodation/convergence (CA/C) ratio was measured in 30 subjects
      comprising 10 late-onset myopes (LOM's), i.e., myopia onset at 15 years of age or
      later, 10 early-onset myopes (EOM's), and 10 emmetropes. The accommodation loop
      was opened by two methods: (1) the subject viewed a 0.1-mm diameter spotlight at
      distances of 33 and 100 cm and (2) the subject viewed near-type (viewing distance
      33 cm) through 0.5-mm pinholes. Convergence was stimulated by the introduction of
      3 and 6 delta base-out prisms before the right eye and the accommodative response
      of the left eye was measured using an objective infrared optometer (Canon Autoref
      R-1). There was no significant difference in CA/C between the three refractive
      groups with either method. The implications of this finding are discussed with
      reference to previous work on accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) and
      disparity-induced accommodation and in relation to accommodation-vergence
      synkinesis in late-onset myopia.

PMID- 3364526
TI  - Fixational instability and saccadic eye movements of dyslexic children with
      subtle cerebellar dysfunction.
AB  - Fixational stability and saccadic eye movements were measured in 9- to 13-year
      old dyslexics with signs of subtle cerebellar dysfunction and in a group of age
      matched normal readers. This group of dyslexics was specifically chosen because
      cerebellar disorders are often associated with ocular motor dysfunction. Dyslexic
      children were found to exhibit significantly greater fixational instability than
      controls while viewing a simple, stationary stimulus. Although both groups of
      children showed disruption of fixational stability when viewing stationary
      targets against optokinetic backgrounds, gaze stability of dyslexics was more
      degraded than that of controls. However, latency and accuracy of saccadic eye
      movements of dyslexic children were not different from those of normal readers.
      The results suggest that poor maintenance of gaze stability, rather than
      inadequate control over saccadic eye movements, characterizes the ocular motor
      problems that may contribute to reading difficulties in this subgroup of
      dyslexics.

PMID- 3364527
TI  - An instrument for measuring the modulation transfer functions of low power
      telescopes and telemicroscopes.
AB  - An instrument using an electro-optical Fourier method for measuring the
      modulation transfer function (MTF) of low power telescopes and telemicroscopes is
      described. Because these devices are afocal, or nearly so, relay optics are
      needed to form real images at the detection section of the apparatus. The system
      is capable of measuring the MTF in monochromatic and white light, at any target
      azimuth, across the field of view, and through focus. The target system contains
      14 square-wave gratings with spatial frequencies that range from 2.5 to 156 cpd.
      Images of these gratings are scanned across a slit. The output data are fed to a
      first-order recursive digital Butterworth bandpass filter for MTF analysis. The
      apparatus is diffraction limited at f/31.4. Therefore, it negligibly affects the
      measurement of the MTF of telescopes and telemicroscopes tested with exit pupils
      of up to 6.4 mm.

PMID- 3364528
TI  - Modulation transfer functions of low power telescopes.
AB  - The modulation transfer functions (MTF's) of 131 low power Galilean and Pechan
      roof prism Keplerian telescopes comprising 20 models from 7 vendors were
      measured. MTF results are compared according to model, by type (Galilean or
      Keplerian), and magnification. Measurements were made on-axis and at the +/- 0.7
      field angles. In addition to measuring tangential and radial MTF's some devices
      were tested with target grating azimuths of 45 degrees and 135 degrees. We also
      measured the effect of 3 and 6.4 mm exit pupil diameters on the MTF, and compared
      a color-corrected with a non-color-corrected design in monochromatic and white
      light. Galilean telescopes exhibited superior MTF's compared to Keplerian
      designs. The MTF's of Galilean telescopes tested on-axis with vertical and
      horizontal gratings were equivalent, as expected of rotationally symmetrical
      devices. However, similarly tested Keplerian telescopes exhibited significantly
      higher MTF's with vertical gratings. Tests at +/- 0.7 field angles showed that
      the tangential MTF's of Galilean telescopes were consistently poorer than radial
      MTF's, but the opposite was true for Keplerian telescopes. The comparatively
      poorer results obtained with the Keplerian telescopes are due to image doubling
      and deviation errors of the roof prisms that are dependent on the azimuthal
      orientation of the prism roof edge. Failure to adopt and maintain the same
      orientation of hand-held prism monoculars may result in experiencing a variable
      sharpness of image each time that they are used. Prism deviations of binocular
      devices must be controlled to avoid vertical disparities.

PMID- 3364529
TI  - Leber optic atrophy low vision case report.
AB  - Leber optic atrophy (LOA) is a familial disorder primarily affecting males. We
      report the case of a 44-year-old male for whom the prescription of low vision
      aids was an important rehabilitative factor.

PMID- 3364530
TI  - Ocular hemorrhages in thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency in circulating platelets. Abnormal ocular
      bleeding can result when thrombocytopenia is severe. Two cases of ocular
      hemorrhage attributed to thrombocytopenia are presented. Platelet abnormalities
      should be considered in the investigation of excessive or spontaneous bleeding.

PMID- 3364531
TI  - Binocular vision complications after radial keratotomy.
AB  - Radial keratotomy (RK), a popular procedure for reducing myopia, does not always
      have a successful outcome. Of the adverse effects reported in the literature,
      there have been few reports of undesirable disturbances of binocular vision. Four
      representative cases are reviewed which presented clinically with varying
      binocular problems induced by RK. The treatment considerations and final
      solutions for each are discussed. In the presence of RK-induced anisometropia,
      aniseikonia can be a particularly debilitating binocular vision problem for some
      patients.

PMID- 3364532
TI  - Histopathologic study of the cochlear nuclei after 10 years of electrical
      stimulation of the human cochlea.
AB  - This report provides histologic data on the cochlear nuclei of a patient who used
      a cochlear implant in the right ear for about 10 years and in the left ear for
      about 1 year. The most pronounced abnormality in the cochlear nuclei is sites of
      gliosis. However, since areas of necrosis with similar size, shape, and content
      of cells were observed outside the nuclei, the gliosis was not specific to the
      nuclei. There were no other unusual changes in the cochlear nuclei, such as
      excessive chromatolysis, excessive accumulation of lipofuscin, swollen neurons,
      or accumulation of glial cells. Comparison showed no statistically significant
      differences in sizes of cell bodies, size of nuclei, and total density of neurons
      in cochlear nuclei between the right and left sides. However, the density of
      normal-looking neurons (with visible nucleoli and without visible pathologic
      features) was noticeably less on the longer-stimulated side. Some differences
      between the longer- and shorter-stimulated sides may be due to differences before
      implantation or other factors, as well as to effects of stimulation.

PMID- 3364533
TI  - Electromyographic biofeedback for treatment of tinnitus.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) feedback procedures were utilized in treating two adult
      patients with idiopathic subjective tinnitus. The relationship between behavioral
      severity ratings of tinnitus and EMG activity at the frontalis muscle was
      investigated using a single-subject, double-reversal experimental design.
      Biofeedback procedures were effective in modifying EMG activity levels, but
      changes in EMG levels were not related systematically to behavioral ratings of
      tinnitus. It was concluded that the physiologic effects of EMG biofeedback
      procedures may not be the active ingredient in such treatment procedures.

PMID- 3364534
TI  - Clinical significance of the summating potential in Meniere's disease.
AB  - Transtympanic (TT) electrocochleography (ECochG) data recorded with click stimuli
      and tone bursts (1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz) were evaluated in 50 patients with Meniere's
      disease and compared with the data from control groups of 10 sensorineural
      hearing impaired patients and 5 subjects with normal hearing. The mean summating
      potential (SP) amplitude was larger in the Meniere's disease group for 1, 2, and
      8 kHz. The low frequency (1 or 2 kHz) SP decreased in 59% of the Meniere's
      disease patients during a glycerol dehydration test, whereas subjective hearing
      improved in only 29%. The use of ECochG with the monitoring of SP thus improves
      the sensitivity of the glycerol test for the detection of endolymphatic hydrops.
      There appeared no clear relation between clinical observations and the ECochG
      data either before or after glycerol. However, the Meniere's disease patients
      with a large negative SP at low frequencies also had larger action potential (AP)
      and often had short-term symptoms. The present report confirms the usefulness of
      measuring the SP in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease.

PMID- 3364535
TI  - Current clinical results of the cochlear implant program conducted on Mandarin
      speaking patients.
AB  - This paper reports preliminary results from the 3M/HEI cochlear implant program
      conducted on oriental adult patients who speak Mandarin-Chinese. The whole
      program was performed according to the trained experience and the specific
      manuals provided by the House Ear Institute. Various testing and training
      materials (Chinese version of the monosyllable-trochee-spondee [MTS] test) as
      well as modified candidate evaluation procedures and criteria were applied. Three
      patients were considered as appropriate candidates. The third patient did not
      respond to the electrostimulation and is waiting for revision surgery. The warble
      tone and speech detection thresholds aided with the implant devices of the first
      two patients were comparable with those found in western cases. Obvious
      improvements over the performance of stress discrimination on the MTS test were
      also noted. The tasks of speechreading, voice monitoring, and use of emergency
      telephone code were much easier for the first patient. Both patients indicated
      ability to detect and recognize many environmental sounds. Audiology-oriented
      findings, testing experiences, and suggestions for the program are presented and
      discussed. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful for the field and for
      similar programs in other countries.

PMID- 3364536
TI  - Myringoplasty: long-term followup.
AB  - A long-term follow-up was performed of 540 myringoplasties that were considered
      to be successful 3 months after operation. The ears were observed to 12 years,
      and it was found that 70.8% of the eardrums were intact, fully epithelialized,
      and without retraction. In 22.4% success was only partial, because there was a
      small reperforation, a slight retraction of the eardrum, or an epithelial defect.
      In 7.6% of the eardrums deterioration occurred over the years, for the above
      three reasons, to a degree that turned an initial successful outcome of the
      operation into a failure. Of the various factors that characterized and
      accompanied the initial perforation before the operation, or the various
      operative technical aspects, none was found to influence the late outcome of
      myringoplasty. An exception was the anterior perforation, in which prognosis was
      less favorable than in any other perforation. During our continuous follow-up
      about a fourth of the reperforations perforated spontaneously and silently, some
      doing so several times over and over. This particular phenomenon could bear on
      the etiology of the group of tympanic membrane perforations that has no obvious
      inflammatory or traumatic history.

PMID- 3364537
TI  - Soft tissue reactions around percutaneous implants: a clinical study of soft
      tissue conditions around skin-penetrating titanium implants for bone-anchored
      hearing aids.
AB  - Some patients with hearing impairment cannot use conventional hearing aids. One
      solution for these patients is the use of bone conduction hearing aids; however,
      this kind of equipment is associated with several problems related to the
      necessity for a good contact between the transducer and the temporal bone. Direct
      bone contact would be an ideal solution provided that safe and reaction-free skin
      penetration and a safe and permanent bone anchorage could be achieved. Branemark
      et al have developed a procedure to furnish edentulous patients with fixed
      bridges using titanium implants. This report is focused on the clinical status of
      the soft tissue adjacent to the 67 skin-penetrating devices in 60 patients. The
      patients have been followed between 3 and 96 months on 313 occasions, which
      represents a total observation time of 1515 months of clinical performance. Only
      one implant was extracted due to adverse skin reaction, giving a failure rate of
      0.07% per month. This is comparable with the failure rate of cardiac pacemakers
      0.02-0.04% per month).

PMID- 3364538
TI  - Controversy in meniere's disease: results of microvascular decompression of the
      eighth nerve.
AB  - We have identified a group of patients with classic symptoms of Meniere's
      disease, all of whom had abnormalities of brain stem auditory evoked potentials
      and middle ear acoustic reflex response that strongly indicated auditory nerve
      and brain stem involvement. Ten patients with disabling symptoms and
      retrocochlear audiologic signs were selected to undergo microvascular
      decompression of the eighth nerve at its exit from the brain stem (root exit zone
      [REZ]). In all 10 patients, the eighth nerve was found to be significantly
      compressed by one or several vessels near its REZ. One patient died 4 months
      after the operation from an unrelated cause but had been free of symptoms of
      Meniere's disease until her death; the remaining nine patients have all been free
      from vertigo for 8 to 48 months after the operation. None of the patients
      suffered any complications as a result of the surgical procedure.

PMID- 3364539
TI  - Congenital ossicular abnormalities: a review of 68 cases.
AB  - Sixty-eight cases of congenital conductive hearing loss due to ossicular
      abnormalities were reviewed. The clinical and surgical details of each case were
      documented, and a classification was drawn up on the basis of the abnormalities
      encountered. Sixty-six percent of the cases were documented as middle ear
      anomalies in the absence of any other evidence of congenital disease. Improved
      hearing was obtained in 47% of those cases where corrective surgery was
      undertaken. Treatment and results are reviewed. The pattern of ossicular
      abnormality encountered in this series suggests a variable origin of the incus,
      either from first branchial arch alone or from both first and second branchial
      arches.

PMID- 3364540
TI  - The biologic safety of the Cochlear Corporation multiple-electrode intracochlear
      implant.
AB  - Studies have been undertaken to confirm the biologic safety of the Cochlear
      Corporation multi-electrode intracochlear implant. The materials used are
      biocompatible. The electrode array is flexible: it can be inserted with minimal
      or no trauma, providing the insertion is stopped when resistance is first felt.
      An atraumatic insertion is facilitated if a good view is obtained along the scala
      tympani of the basal turn of the cochlea by drilling through the crista
      fenestrae. The passage of the electrode around the cochlea can be facilitated if
      the electrode is rotated during insertion (clockwise for the left and
      anticlockwise for the right cochlea). The electrode can be explanted and another
      one reinserted with minimal or no trauma. A seal established around the electrode
      after an implantation period of 2 weeks can prevent infection extending from the
      middle to the inner ear. The electrical stimulus parameters produced by the
      Nucleus receiver-stimulator cause no loss of spiral ganglion cells or corrosion
      of the platinum band electrodes. Long-term stimulation has been carried out for
      up to 8 years in patients without affecting their clinical performance.

PMID- 3364541
TI  - Bells against palsy.
AB  - A technique is described in which "jingle bells" are sutured in three positions
      on the face at the points of maximum excursion of the facial musculature when
      stimulated by a Hilger nerve stimulator set at 2 mA. The procedure is used to
      monitor movement of the facial nerve while the surgeon dissects the nerve in the
      cerebellopontine angle and internal auditory canal.

PMID- 3364542
TI  - Recurrent facial paralysis: three episodes on same side.

PMID- 3364543
TI  - Facial palsy noted at birth: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3364544
TI  - Facial palsy noted at birth: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3364545
TI  - Seed-eating by West African cercopithecines, with reference to the possible
      evolution of bilophodont molars.
AB  - Data on tooth use in eating fruits and seeds were collected on 12 West African
      monkeys representing five species of cercopithecines, Cercopithecus aethiops,
      Cercopithecus campbelli, Cercocebus atys, Erythrocebus patas, and Papio papio.
      Field observations and information in the published literature were used to
      select fruits for captive feeding trials. A total of over 27,000 tests were
      conducted to determine the preferences of the monkeys for 78 fruits. Data were
      collected on the selection of fruit parts, as well as tooth use, in eating 88
      fruit species. All five monkey species had remarkably similar fruit part
      preferences. Seeds were eaten in 86% of the tested fruits and represent the fruit
      part most frequently eaten by all the tested monkeys. With few exceptions, molars
      were used to puncture and crush the seeds. It is suggested that the development
      of bilophodont molars might be an adaptation by Old World monkeys to seed
      predation. Given their large size relative to other arboreal frugivores, seed
      predation could provide a dietary niche for Old World monkeys.

PMID- 3364546
TI  - Genetic variation within a linguistic group: Apalai-Wayana and other Carib
      tribes.
AB  - A total of 136 individuals were studied in relation to 31 genetic systems, and
      the results were compared with South American Indian averages and previous
      surveys on the Wayana of French Guiana and Surinam. The information was
      afterwards integrated with data from other Carib groups, and two types of genetic
      distances (Nei's and Edwards') were calculated a) between five groups,
      considering ten systems; and b) between nine groups, using five systems. The two
      measures of genetic distances correlated well (Spearman's correlation coefficient
      around 0.70), and there was good agreement between the geographical and genetic
      distances. All analyses indicated a peripheral position for the Apalai-Wayana and
      their distinctiveness from the Wayana of French Guiana and Surinam, suggesting
      that intertribal fusions may play an important role in the genetic
      differentiation of these populations.

PMID- 3364547
TI  - Scaling of growth and life history traits relative to body size, brain size, and
      metabolic rate in lorises and galagos (Lorisidae, primates).
AB  - A broad range of variation in body size, brain size, and metabolic rate occurs
      within the primate family Lorisidae, thus providing an opportunity to examine the
      relationship of these three parameters to variation in growth and life history
      traits. Data on adult body weight, gestation length, lactation length, age at
      first estrus, litter size, and growth parameters were collected from a captive
      colony of four lorisid species, Loris tardigradus, Nycticebus coucang, Galago
      crassicaudatus, and G. senegalensis. The data presented here constitute the most
      complete life history information available for these poorly understood prosimian
      species. Correlation and allometric analyses were performed to determine the
      relationships between variables. Among the lorisids studied, adult body weight,
      adult cranial capacity, and relative cranial capacity did not predict variation
      in life history traits. Adult basal metabolic rate predicted most of the
      variability in gestation length, lactation length, and growth parameters.
      Lorisines differ from similarly sized galagines in having lower basal metabolic
      rates, slower growth rates, slower developmental rates, and smaller litter sizes,
      resulting in reduced reproductive potential. This may be a consequence of
      lorisine adaptation to a diet of toxic insects. Metabolic rate and diet may be
      among the most important parameters to examine in any study of life history
      evolution.

PMID- 3364548
TI  - Functional significance of myosin transitions in single fibers of developing
      soleus muscle.
AB  - The maximal velocity of shortening and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition of
      single, chemically skinned fibers from neonatal and adult rat soleus muscles were
      examined to determine the relationship between these parameters during slow
      muscle development in the rat. In addition, the MHC composition of bundles of
      fibers from soleus muscles at the same ages was studied. The MHC compositions
      were examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The results from the bundles of fibers indicate that from 3 days
      to 5 mo postnatal, the rat soleus contains predominantly MHCs that migrate in the
      vicinity of the MHC from adult slow muscle. From 14 days to 2 mo postnatal, there
      are also significant amounts of additional MHCs that comigrate on SDS gels with
      those characteristic of adult rat fast muscle. All the fibers studied at 3 and 7
      days postnatal and at 5 mo and the majority of fibers from 14 days to 2 mo
      postnatal had relatively low shortening velocities. A few fibers from the latter
      group had significantly higher velocities. The faster fibers at each age had
      greater amounts of the MHCs that comigrate with the adult fast-type MHC on SDS
      gels. Thus the velocity of shortening of single fibers from the rat soleus muscle
      appears to be related to MHC composition during postnatal development.

PMID- 3364549
TI  - Rat lung type II cell and lamellar body: elemental composition in situ.
AB  - We determined the in situ elemental composition of alveolar type II cells (ATII)
      and lamellar bodies (LB) with electronprobe microanalysis (EPMA) of freeze-dried
      unstained cryosections (100-200 nm) obtained from lungs frozen in anesthetized
      rats. Twenty-nine ATII from seven rats were subjected to EPMA. Cytoplasmic (Cyto)
      composition was the following (in mmol/kg dry wt, mean +/- SE, n = 30): 136 +/-
      14.1 Na, 60 +/- 2.8 Mg, 549 +/- 34.8 P, 278 +/- 10.5 S, 158 +/- 7.3 Cl, 525 +/-
      26.4 K, and 6.6 +/- 0.9 Ca. LB composition was the following (n = 66): 44 +/- 4.0
      Na, 7.9 +/- 0.8 Mg, 1,060 +/- 25.0 P, 79 +/- 4.8 S, 64 +/- 3.6 Cl, 114 +/- 4.1 K,
      and 30 +/- 0.9 Ca. P and S concentrations were consistent with previous
      biochemical determinations of phospholipid and protein content of isolated LBs.
      LBs contain significantly more Ca and less Mg than Cyto. Ca correlated
      significantly with LB P but not S concentration, and the reported low Ca binding
      affinity of similar phospholipid mixtures implies a high LB free Ca
      concentration. Ca was significantly higher in apical and exocytotic LBs compared
      with those in the perinuclear region. Differences between LB and Cyto monovalent
      ion concentrations are not entirely due to the difference in hydration revealed
      by significantly lower K-Cl ratios in LBs. The relative excess of Cl and Ca in LB
      suggests that these ions may be distributed by active transport systems known to
      be present in the Golgi apparatus and in Golgi-derived organelles of other cell
      types.

PMID- 3364550
TI  - Influx and efflux of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose by cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - We measured the initial rates of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (OMG) fluxes by cultured
      human fibroblasts. D-Glucose (300 mM) and cytochalasin B (5 microM) inhibited
      approximately 80% of OMG (1 mM) influx. OMG rapidly entered human fibroblasts,
      and influx was linear up to 20 s. OMG influx and efflux were about equal.
      Cytochalasin B inhibited OMG (1 mM) influx and efflux within 20 s of exposure.
      Cytochalasin B half maximally inhibited OMG influx and efflux at 0.51 and 0.75
      microM, respectively. In zero trans conditions, the kinetics of OMG influx and
      efflux were similar. However, when OMG was present on the trans side of the
      membrane, OMG influx but not OMG efflux was stimulated. Trans stimulation of OMG
      influx increased the maximal velocity of this transport process, without
      affecting its Km. These results suggest that 1) OMG influx and efflux occur
      through the same transporter, and 2) the glucose transporter of cultured human
      fibroblasts presents a functional asymmetry when substrate is present on the
      trans side of the membrane.

PMID- 3364551
TI  - Effects of experimentally induced nephrosis on protein synthesis in rat liver.
AB  - A nephrotic syndrome was experimentally induced in rats by a single intravenous
      injection of aminonucleoside of puromycin. Experimental animals were studied 8
      days after the injection, at which time they exhibited marked proteinuria and
      hypoalbuminemia compared with control animals. The experimental animals also
      exhibited alterations in protein synthesis in liver as evidenced by a marked
      increase in the rate of albumin synthesis relative to total hepatic protein
      synthesis, changes in the relative concentrations of several plasma proteins, an
      increased protein content of plasma, an increased liver weight relative to body
      weight, and an increased RNA content of liver. Perfused liver preparations
      derived from nephrotic rats exhibited an increased release of albumin and other
      secretory proteins compared with control preparations. In contrast, there was no
      difference in the rate of synthesis of nonexported proteins between the two
      groups. The elevation in the relative rate of albumin synthesis was accompanied
      by a relative increase of the same magnitude in albumin mRNA. Furthermore, the
      relative amounts of several other mRNAs, including those coding for beta
      fibrinogen, haptoglobin, metallothionein II, and two unidentified proteins, were
      increased, whereas the amount of mRNA coding for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was
      decreased in livers of nephrotic rats compared to controls. These results
      indicate that nephrosis leads to marked alterations in the synthesis of albumin
      and other plasma proteins. Mechanisms responsible for these alterations include
      changes in the relative abundance of specific mRNAs and an increase in total
      cellular RNA.

PMID- 3364552
TI  - Osmotic stability of red cells in renal circulation requires rapid urea
      transport.
AB  - Urea transport by the human erythrocyte occurs via an asymmetric-facilitated
      diffusion system with high Michaelis constants and high maximal velocities; the
      equivalent permeability in the limit of zero urea concentration is approximately
      10(-3) cm/s (J. Gen. Physiol. 81: 221-237, 239-253, 1983). A physiological role
      for this system is revealed by numerical integration of the appropriate equations
      that show that rapid urea transport is essential for red cell stability in
      passing through the renal medulla. The calculation compares two cells. Cell A
      transports urea with permeability characteristics of normal red cells; cell B has
      urea permeability similar to lipid bilayers. On entering the hypertonic medulla,
      both cells shrink, but only B swells on leaving the medulla. The osmotic stress
      for cell B is greater than for A. Cell B is close to hypertonic hemolysis in the
      medulla and to hypotonic hemolysis in the cortex. Cell B remains swollen for some
      time after its exit; the resulting decreased deformability presents a hazard if B
      reenters the microcirculation. Furthermore, cell B removes a significant fraction
      of the filtered load of urea and compromises the osmotic gradients in the
      medulla.

PMID- 3364553
TI  - Electrical activity in chromaffin cells of intact mouse adrenal gland.
AB  - Membrane potentials of medullary chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland of the
      mouse were measured in situ. Resting potential (-54.3 +/- 8.8 mV) depended on
      extracellular [K+] as predicted by the constant-field equation with a
      permeability ratio, PNa/PK, of 0.09. Current-voltage (I-V) relationships showed
      that the current is rectified across the chromaffin cell membrane. A
      rectification ratio of 0.4 was calculated from the slopes of the I-V curves for
      positive (41 +/- 26 M omega) and negative (103 +/- M omega) currents. Because
      input resistance for a resting chromaffin cell in isolation is approximately 5 G
      omega, the chromaffin cells in situ behave as if they were electrically coupled.
      Most cells responded to depolarizing current pulses with repetitive action
      potentials, but only 50% of them showed spontaneous electrical activity.
      Spontaneous activity was often seen in the presence of tetrodotoxin (3 microM).
      Although the application of the K+-channel blockers tetraethylammonium and Ba2+
      greatly increased the amplitude of the action potentials, only Ba2+ induced
      continuous electrical activity. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) always
      depolarized the cell membrane. This effect was blocked by atropine but not by D
      tubocurarine, suggesting that ACh stimulation of chromaffin cells in the mouse
      involves activation of muscarinic receptors.

PMID- 3364554
TI  - Alterations in type II pneumocytes cultured after partial pneumonectomy.
AB  - Type II pulmonary epithelial cells prepared from the lungs of normal rats were
      compared in primary culture to cells derived from the right lung of animals
      subjected previously to left pneumonectomy (PNX). Studies were initiated on the
      sixth post-PNX day, during the rapid phase of compensatory right lung growth.
      After 24 h in vitro, PNX cells were 30-40% larger than controls and contained 20
      50% more DNA. The magnitude of these differences was dependent on serum
      concentration (fetal calf serum; 1 and 10%, respectively) and, under most
      conditions, decreased as culture time was extended to 48 or 72 h. Incorporation
      of [3H]thymidine into DNA was also elevated (greater than 50%) on the first
      culture day in the PNX group at both serum levels, and remained so through day 3
      at low serum, as thymidine incorporation became more rapid in all cells.
      Similarly, rates of spermidine uptake were elevated in cells prepared from lungs
      of PNX animals on culture day 1, but this effect too was lost by day 3. Thus type
      II pneumocytes isolated from the lungs of PNX rats exhibit metabolic changes
      typical of accelerated cell growth at early intervals of primary culture in
      vitro. Although these changes are lost as culture time is extended and the cells
      lose differentiated characteristics, the results suggest that such pneumocytes
      may provide useful information regarding factors which regulate compensatory
      growth of lung tissue.

PMID- 3364555
TI  - Correlated in vivo 31P-NMR and NADH fluorometric studies on gerbil brain in
      graded hypoxia and hyperoxia.
AB  - Mitochondrial energy coupling in the gerbil brain was characterized by the
      relationship between intracellular phosphocreatine (PCr)/inorganic phosphate
      (Pi), phosphorylation ratio, and the mitochondrial redox state in graded hypoxia.
      Phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the brain and whole head
      were taken by surface and saddle coil, respectively. The NADH level of the brain
      cortex was monitored by in vivo fluororeflectometry. The PCr and Pi of the head
      and brain did not change between 100 and 10% O2 inhalation. PCr progressively
      decreased and Pi progressively increased with 6 and 4% 0% inhalation in the head.
      The PCr/Pi of the brain decreased by 44% at 6% fraction of inhaled oxygen (FIO2)
      and 57% at 4% FIO2. The ATP level did not change during hypoxia. The calculated
      phosphorylation ratio of the brain ([PCr] Kck[H+]/[Cr][Pi]) = ([ATP]/[ADP][Pi])
      was 4.1 X 10(4) M-1 in normoxia. Hypoxia of increasing severity induced
      increasing NAD reduction of the brain cortex with 17% NAD reduction at 10% FIO2
      when there was no change in phosphorylation ratio. The phosphorylation ratio
      decreased, i.e., the mitochondria failed to maintain the energy level of the
      brain when the magnitude of the change in NAD reduction to hypoxia was half of
      the total redox change between hyperoxia and anoxia. These studies demonstrated
      the feasibility of combined 31P-NMR and NADH fluorometry measurements on brain in
      vivo. The observations show similarities between the responses of mitochondrial
      oxidative phosphorylation to hypoxia in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3364556
TI  - Hyperosmotic inhibition of calcium signals and exocytosis in rabbit neutrophils.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that hyperosmotic media inhibit secretion in many
      cells and this has been interpreted to be a direct effect on membrane fusion
      during exocytosis. This conclusion is complicated, however, by our recent study
      in neutrophils (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 931: 175-179, 1987) showing that both
      calcium signals and enzyme release are inhibited by hyperosmolality. In this
      report, we extend these observations by demonstrating that chemotactic peptide
      formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced enzyme release, secretory
      granule-plasma membrane fusion, and cytosolic calcium signals are all inhibited
      by similar increases in medium osmolality. The extent of beta-glucuronidase
      release is decreased in hyperosmotic media and its dose dependence is shifted to
      higher FMLP concentrations. Inhibition is rapid, reversible, and independent of
      osmoticant. Freeze-fracture replicas of quick-frozen neutrophils show that
      granules of cells stimulated in hyperosmotic media do not undergo fusion nor do
      they have specialized interactions with the plasma membrane or with membranes of
      adjacent granules. Calcium signals monitored and quantitated by indo-1
      fluorescence during secretion confirmed the presence of three phases the calcium
      dependence of which we have described previously: 1) an initial peak of calcium
      that is independent of extracellular calcium and is inhibited 70% at high
      osmolality; 2) a broad shoulder of elevated calcium levels 30-90 s after
      stimulation that is dependent on extracellular calcium and is totally blocked at
      high osmolality; and 3) a plateau of lower but above basal calcium 2-5 min after
      stimulation that is dependent on extracellular calcium but is relatively
      unaffected by high osmolality. These results suggest that the FMLP-elicited
      calcium signal is a composite of multiple signaling events and that hyperosmotic
      inhibition of secretion, at least in neutrophils, may result from an impaired
      calcium signal in addition to the direct effect it has on exocytosis.

PMID- 3364557
TI  - Rectum has abnormal ion transport but normal cAMP-binding proteins in cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - The luminal membranes of involved tissues in cystic fibrosis (CF) are relatively
      impermeable to Cl and the regulation of Cl transport by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
      monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated hormones is abnormal. We investigated the human
      rectum as a putative model for CF. We compared in vivo transrectal potential
      difference (PD) in CF and in normal subjects in response to sequential perfusions
      with various test solutions. The base-line PD was different in normal (-35.5 +/-
      4.0 mV; lumen negative; mean +/- SE; n = 9) and CF subjects (-23.4 +/- 3.1 mV; n
      = 6; P less than 0.025) and was eliminated by amiloride (10(-4) M) perfusion in
      both groups by 3 min. However, in response to a Cl-free solution with amiloride,
      all six CF subjects exhibit less of a change in PD (PD, -2.2 +/- 1.2 mV vs. -11.7
      +/- 1.5 mV in 6 controls; P less than 0.01). Furthermore, normal subjects (n = 7)
      respond to a 5 mM theophylline + amiloride perfusion with an increase in lumen
      negative PD, whereas, CF subjects (n = 6) show no increase in lumen-negative PD.
      Rectal biopsy specimens from four normal and four CF subjects exhibit similar (2-
      to 3-fold) increases in theophylline-induced cAMP content and have similar cAMP
      binding proteins (CF, n = 3; control, n = 3). We conclude that the rectum is an
      involved epithelium in CF in which the aberration may lie at a point beyond the
      binding of cAMP to its protein kinase.

PMID- 3364558
TI  - Protein turnover in gravid and nongravid horns of uterus in pregnant rats.
AB  - Changes in uterine protein, RNA, and DNA contents in gravid and nongravid horns
      from the same animal were studied after 14 and 16 days of pregnancy. At 16 days,
      all of these parameters of growth had increased between three- and sevenfold in
      the gravid horn while remaining unchanged in the nongravid horn compared with the
      uterus of nonpregnant control animals. In the nongravid horn, the hormonal
      changes associated with pregnancy induced antagonistic decreases in both the
      average rates of protein synthesis and protein breakdown, with the net result
      being no change in its growth. In the gravid horn, however, the hormonal
      influences are coupled with the stretching effects produced by the enlarging
      fetuses. Here the net effect was a marked suppression of protein breakdown,
      resulting in a fourfold increase in its rate of growth. These data, together with
      those derived from analysis of both fetal and nonfetal sites from the gravid
      horn, led to the following conclusions. Changes in circulating hormones during
      pregnancy do not alone appear to influence the overall size of the uterus. In
      contrast, mechanical distension of the uterus promotes rapid and extensive
      growth.

PMID- 3364559
TI  - Choice of infusion-sampling mode for tracer studies of free fatty acid
      metabolism.
AB  - To determine the preferred infusion-sampling mode for isotopic studies of free
      fatty acid (FFA) metabolism, tracer [( 14C]palmitate) was infused into the left
      ventricle of five anesthetized dogs, and tracee ([3H]palmitate) was infused into
      three separate peripheral veins of each dog. The [14C]palmitate specific activity
      (SA) was lower in mixed venous than arterial blood, and [3H]palmitate SA was
      equal in both sites. The actual infusion rate of [3H]palmitate [2.15 +/- 0.31 X
      10(5) disintegrations/min (dpm).kg-1.min-1] could be accurately predicted (2.14
      +/- 0.32 X 10(5) dpm.kg-1.min-1) using the known [14C]palmitate infusion rate and
      the arterial plasma [14C]-to-[3H]palmitate ratio. In contrast, the mixed venous
      [14C]-to-[3H]palmitate ratio resulted in overestimates (P less than 0.05) of the
      actual [3H]palmitate infusion rate. In summary, venous tracer infusion with
      arterial blood sampling for FFA tracer studies provides the most accurate
      estimates of tracee rate of appearance.

PMID- 3364560
TI  - Uptake of exogenous substrates during hypoxia in fetal lambs.
AB  - Fetal uptakes of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and alpha-amino-nitrogen containing
      substrates were measured in eight near-term fetal lambs by simultaneously drawing
      blood samples from the umbilical vein and descending aorta, then measuring
      umbilical blood flow using the microsphere method. These procedures were repeated
      after 3 h of hypoxia induced by lowering maternal inspired oxygen concentration.
      On the next day the experiment was repeated, except the ewes were first made
      hypoxic then allowed to breathe room air. These conditions decreased the delivery
      of oxygen, but not the delivery of other metabolic substrates to the fetus.
      During hypoxia, fetal oxygen uptake was 82% of normal (mean of both days); fetal
      glucose and amino-nitrogen uptakes were 74 and 23% of normal, respectively, and
      fetal lactate uptake became insignificant. These data indicate that endogenous
      rather than exogenous substrates are used to support fetal oxidative metabolism
      during hypoxia. Also, because exogenous uptake of amino-nitrogen is less than
      normal nitrogen accretion rates, fetal growth must be reduced as a consequence of
      3-4 h of hypoxia.

PMID- 3364561
TI  - Allocation of systemic glucose output to cerebral utilization as a function of
      fetal canine growth.
AB  - To determine whether the neonatal canine brain consumes a major proportion of the
      systemic glucose production, we investigated the cerebral glucose requirement and
      hepatic glucose production in beagle pups. Sixteen pups received D-[6-3H]-glucose
      to determine systemic glucose production. Cerebral blood flow was measured by [N
      methyl-14C]antipyrine, and the brain uptake index (BUI) of glucose was determined
      using 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose. Glucose production was 49.6 +/- 11.0 mumol.kg-1.min
      1. Cerebral blood flow was 0.83 ml.g-1.min-1; cerebral uptake of glucose was 0.60
      +/- 0.15 mumol.g-1.min-1. Of the total glucose production 36.6 +/- 7.9% was
      accounted for by the cerebral uptake of glucose. Brain-to-body weight and brain
      to-liver weight ratios were the greatest in the smallest pups, suggesting brain
      sparing. The effect of growth status on cerebral substrate availability could not
      be correlated with cerebral uptake of glucose or oxygen or with systemic glucose
      production. However, the percentage of systemic glucose production allotted to
      the cerebral cortex increased with increasing body weight (r = 0.50, P less than
      0.05). Cerebral glucose entry measured by BUI was demonstrated to be 0.108 +/-
      0.014; BUI inversely correlated with canine birth weight (r = -0.832, P less than
      0.001). We conclude that the percentage of glucose production utilized by the
      neonatal canine brain is not proportionately larger in the smaller pups despite a
      proportionately larger brain. Because the absolute cerebral glucose utilization
      may be static, we speculate that BUI (glucose entry) may be less of a rate
      limiting factor for cerebral glucose entry in the smallest pups.

PMID- 3364563
TI  - Selective uptake of HDL cholesterol ester by human fat cells.
AB  - In humans, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ester turnover exceeds that
      of HDL apoproteins by severalfold or more, suggesting an independent catabolic
      fate of these constituents. The present study investigated the cellular uptake
      and dissociation of HDL labeled in its apoproteins with 125I and in its
      cholesterol ester with [3H]cholesteryl palmityl ether, a nonhydrolyzable
      cholesterol ester analogue. Approximately 50% of cell-associated 125I-HDL2 and
      125I-HDL3 was released from prelabeled adipose cells by incubating the latter in
      the presence or absence of unlabeled lipoproteins for 2 h. The uptake of HDL
      cholesterol ester by human fat cells as reflected by [3H]cholesteryl palmityl
      ether was 5-18 times greater than that predicted from the uptake of 125I-HDL2 and
      125I-HDL3 and was irreversible. Analysis of dissociated 125I-HDL3 demonstrated
      changes to both higher and lower density fractions compared with the starting
      material. There was a high correlation between the cellular uptake of HDL3
      cholesterol ester and HDL3-apoprotein uptakes (r = 0.90, P less than 0.01),
      suggesting that HDL-cholesterol ester uptake requires a specific apoprotein
      interaction or binding step. The selective uptake and retention of HDL
      cholesterol ester by isolated adipocytes implies that human fat tissue may play a
      role in regulating the lipid composition of plasma HDL.

PMID- 3364562
TI  - Metabolism of dipeptides and their constituent amino acids by liver, gut, kidney,
      and muscle.
AB  - Oligopeptides may enter the bloodstream from endogenous and exogenous sources.
      Using an organ-balance technique in conscious dogs, we investigated the role of
      individual organs in removal of two model oligopeptides (glycylleucine and
      glycylglycine) from plasma under steady-state conditions. Despite an identical
      infusion rate, arterial concentration of glycylglycine was twofold greater than
      that of glycylleucine. This appeared to be a result of greater fractional
      extraction of glycylleucine than glycylglycine by organs. Although all of the
      organs examined participated in removal of dipeptides from plasma, their roles
      varied. Liver, kidney, muscle, and gut accounted for the disappearance of 25, 24,
      12, and 10% of the infused amount of glycylleucine, respectively. With
      glycylglycine as the substrate, disappearance across kidney accounted for 37% of
      the infused amount, whereas muscle, liver, and gut accounted for 18, 15, and 11%,
      respectively. Finally, we investigated glycine and leucine balances across organs
      with infusion of these amino acids in free and dipeptide forms. Glycine and
      leucine balances were uniquely more positive across muscle during the infusion of
      glycylleucine than the corresponding amino acid mixture. The possible mechanisms
      included release of products of glycylleucine hydrolysis by all organs except
      muscle. We conclude that molecular structure influences the organ extraction of
      dipeptides; if extraction, particularly by the liver, is not sufficiently rapid,
      kidney assumes a greater role than other organs in dipeptide removal from plasma.

PMID- 3364564
TI  - Albumin gene transcription is enhanced in liver of nephrotic rats.
AB  - The level of albumin mRNA and the transcription rate of the albumin gene were
      studied in the liver of control rats and rats with nephrosis induced by injection
      of the aminonucleoside of puromycin. Total RNA was extracted from liver by the
      guanidium thiocyanate method. The albumin mRNA level was measured by cDNA-RNA dot
      blot hybridization, and the transcription rate of the albumin gene was measured
      by the "run-on" transcription assay using isolated nuclei. Urinary protein
      excretion in nephrotic rats was significantly higher than in control rats (258 +/
      132 vs. 12 +/- 2 mg/day), and the serum albumin concentration in nephrotic rats
      was significantly lower. There was no difference in body weight, liver weight,
      serum creatinine, or urea nitrogen between the two groups. Both the level of
      albumin mRNA and the transcription rate of the albumin gene in the nephrotic
      liver were about twice as high as those in the control liver. There was no
      difference in the level of beta-actin mRNA between the two groups. Northern blot
      analysis showed that both putative precursor RNA and the mature form of albumin
      mRNA were increased in nephrotic rats. We conclude that albumin synthesis is
      increased in the liver of nephrotic rats and a transcriptional process is
      responsible for this increase.

PMID- 3364565
TI  - Cholestasis and the interactions of sulfated glyco- and taurolithocholate with
      calcium.
AB  - To elucidate possible mechanisms of the differential cholestatic effect of
      sulfated glyco- and taurolithocholate (SGLC and STLC) the interactions of these
      bile acids with calcium were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, SGLC
      was readily precipitated by Ca in physiological concentrations (less than 5 mM).
      It appeared that only micelles of SGLC were precipitated and that both the
      sulfate and the carboxylate anionic groups participated in Ca binding.
      Conjugation with taurine almost completely prevented this Ca-dependent
      precipitation. Intravenous infusion of SGLC (12 mumol/h) in unanesthetized rats
      with permanent biliary drainage induced cholestasis, which was preceded by the
      formation of a biliary Ca-SGLC precipitate, suggesting a causal relationship.
      Taurine conjugation prevented this biliary precipitation as well as cholestasis.
      Furthermore, we studied in vitro the binding of the sulfated bile acids to
      insoluble calcium phosphate, simulating interactions with Ca at the intestinal
      level. Compared with STLC, micellar SGLC was bound with much higher affinity.
      This high-affinity binding was probably due to the involvement of both the
      sulfate and the carboxylate group. This might also explain that the apparent
      critical micellar concentration of SGLC, in contrast to that of STLC, was
      extremely Ca dependent. The present findings indicate that 1) interaction with
      calcium might be responsible for the differential cholestatic properties of SGLC
      and STLC and 2) binding of sulfated lithocholic acid conjugates to insoluble
      calcium phosphate in the intestinal lumen is likely to prevent their accumulation
      in the enterohepatic circulation.

PMID- 3364566
TI  - Motility of the pyloric sphincter studied by the inductograph method in conscious
      dogs.
AB  - The aim of the study is to evaluate the motility of the pyloric sphincter in
      conscious dogs by means of extraluminal transducers. For this purpose induction
      coils were chronically implanted in 12 dogs. After a meal the pylorus opened and
      closed in relation to the gastric waves. The mean changes in pyloric diameter
      were 5.4 +/- 1.0 mm. During phase I of the interdigestive state, the mean degree
      of pyloric opening was 39 +/- 18%. Gastric contractions occurring during phase II
      or phase III were accompanied with a marked increase in pyloric diameter; the
      degree of pyloric opening was 93 +/- 12%. Duodenal instillations of hydrochloric
      acid or oleic acid significantly diminished the pyloric diameter. Nutrients added
      to a viscous meal also diminished the pyloric opening significantly in comparison
      with an acaloric meal. Results suggest that the pyloric sphincter is involved in
      the control of gastric emptying. The inductograph is a useful technique to study
      pyloric activity without impediment of luminal flow in animals.

PMID- 3364567
TI  - Developmental intestinal vascular responses to venous pressure elevation.
AB  - The response to venous pressure elevation is an important criterion for
      determining whether metabolic or myogenic mechanisms are involved in local
      vasoregulation. We studied the effects of venous pressure elevation on intestinal
      hemodynamics and oxygenation in 20 mixed-breed piglets, divided equally among 1
      day-, 3-day-, 2-wk-, and 1-mo-old animals. A venous circuit was established
      between the superior mesenteric and jugular veins, which allowed measurement of
      superior mesenteric blood flow, venous pressure, capillary pressure, and
      arteriovenous oxygen difference at venous pressures between 0 and 20 mmHg. The
      resting intestinal oxygen uptake in 1-day-old piglets was significantly higher
      than in 2-wk-old and 1-mo-old piglets. The vascular response to venous pressure
      elevation in 1-day-old piglets was characterized by reductions in total and
      precapillary resistance and increased oxygen uptake, while older animals
      responded to venous pressure elevation with increases in total and precapillary
      vascular resistance and reductions in oxygen uptake. These results indicate that
      metabolic factors exert a dominant influence on the intestinal vasculature of the
      newborn, while myogenic factors predominate in older animals in response to
      venous pressure elevation.

PMID- 3364568
TI  - Antropyloroduodenal motor responses to intraduodenal lipid infusion in healthy
      volunteers.
AB  - The delivery of lipid to the duodenum has been shown to slow gastric emptying and
      to increase the resistance to gastric outflow. To investigate mechanisms
      responsible for these effects, we have recorded antropyloroduodenal motility in
      nine healthy volunteers during alternate intraduodenal infusions of normal saline
      and triglyceride emulsion (Intralipid 10%). During the lipid infusions there were
      reproducible, major changes in the patterns of motility. Pressure waves,
      apparently isolated to the pylorus, usually started within 10 min of initiation
      of the lipid infusion. After 20-25 min of lipid infusion these waves occurred at
      median rates of 2.4 and 2.8/min (1st and 2nd lipid infusions, respectively);
      these rates were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the median rates
      (all less than or equal to 0.4/min) observed during the equivalent period of the
      succeeding saline infusions. During 10 of 22 lipid infusions, isolated pyloric
      pressure waves were associated with sustained pyloric tone. Infusion of lipid
      into the duodenum suppressed antral pressure waves in all subjects and initiated
      brief periods of regular duodenal contractions during 11 of 22 infusions. These
      studies have demonstrated alterations of antropyloroduodenal motor patterns in
      response to changes in the duodenal luminal content. The effects on antral and
      pyloric motility are probably of importance in the regulation of transpyloric
      flow by nutrients in the duodenal lumen.

PMID- 3364569
TI  - Thromboxane synthesis inhibitors and postprandial jejunal capillary exchange
      capacity.
AB  - The effects of thromboxane synthesis inhibitors (imidazole and U 63557A; Upjohn)
      and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, mefenamic acid, on jejunal capillary filtration
      coefficients (Kfc) were determined in dogs before and during the presence of
      predigested food in the jejunal lumen. The jejunal Kfc increased significantly
      soon after the placement of a predigested test food containing all major
      constituents of diet. The Kfc remained elevated as long as the food was present
      in the lumen (15 min). Mefenamic acid (10 mg/kg iv) did not significantly alter
      resting jejunal Kfc or alter the food-induced increase in Kfc. Imidazole (5.0
      mg/min ia) or U 63557A (5.0 mg/kg iv) per se significantly increased jejunal Kfc.
      Placement of digested food further increased the Kfc to levels significantly
      higher than those observed before administration of the two thromboxane synthase
      inhibitors. Production of thromboxane B2 by jejunal tissue was significantly
      reduced and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product of
      prostacyclin) production was significantly increased after administration of U
      63557A. Our study indicates that the relative production of endogenous
      thromboxanes and other prostanoids modulates jejunal capillary exchange capacity
      in the absence or presence of digested food in the jejunal lumen.

PMID- 3364570
TI  - Electrotonic current spread in colonic smooth muscle.
AB  - Current-induced changes in the membrane potential (electrotonic potentials) were
      measured intracellularly. The electrotonic potentials were seen to decay
      exponentially over many cells, suggesting electrotonic current spread. The
      characteristics of the electrotonic current spread were used to determine passive
      membrane properties of both circular and longitudinal muscle cells of human and
      dog colon. Electrotonic current spread was first determined along the long axes
      of the cells. The space constant of the circular muscle of human colon was 2.14
      mm and that of the longitudinal muscle was 1.63 mm. The space constants for the
      dog colon were similar. The value for the time constant of dog colon circular
      muscle was 160 ms, whereas much higher time constants, averaging between 500 and
      800 ms, were recorded from dog longitudinal muscle and both human colon muscle
      layers. These data suggest good electrotonic coupling in all tissues studied,
      along the long axes of the cells. They further suggest a relatively high membrane
      resistance and junctional resistance in the longitudinal muscle. Electrotonic
      coupling along the short axes of circular muscle cells, along the long axis of
      the colon, was studied in the dog. The space constant was 0.43 mm, suggesting a
      relatively high resistance to current flow along the short axes of the cells. In
      addition, along the short axes of the cells from the submucosa to the myenteric
      plexus side (i.e., in radial direction) a gradient was observed in resting
      membrane potential, slow-wave amplitude, and rate of rise of the slow-wave
      upstroke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364571
TI  - Stimulation of taurocholate and glycocholate efflux from the rat hepatocyte by
      arginine vasopressin.
AB  - Vasopressin induces alterations in the transmembrane distribution of the bile
      salts taurocholate and glycocholate but not of cholate, chenodeoxycholate, or
      chenodeoxycholate derivatives in isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension. Studies
      were conducted to define the specific transport events modulated by vasopressin.
      Unidirectional uptake of cholate, taurocholate, and glycocholate, monitored
      within a 15-s time frame, is not altered by vasopressin. Km values for cholate,
      taurocholate, and glycocholate influx were found to be 57, 12, and 26 microM,
      respectively. Vmax values for influx of cholate, taurocholate, and glycocholate
      were 1.7, 1.8, and 2.4 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, respectively. At half-maximal
      effective concentrations, arginine vasopressin increases unidirectional efflux of
      taurocholate by 34% (EC50 = 1.5 X 10(-9) M) and glycocholate by 17% (EC50 = 5 X
      10(-9) M). In the presence of 0.05 microM arginine vasopressin, the apparent Km
      value for taurocholate efflux decreases from 1.57 mM (control) to 0.94 mM; for
      glycocholate, the apparent Km decreases from 5.19 mM (control) to 3.22 mM.
      Vasopressin does not significantly change the Vmax values for taurocholate and
      glycocholate efflux (0.40 and 1.05 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1, respectively). These
      studies suggest that modulation of bile salt efflux by vasopressin may be
      utilized to probe bile salt transport pathways in the rat hepatocyte.

PMID- 3364572
TI  - Changes in jejunal myoelectrical activity during exercise in fed untrained dogs.
AB  - Seven female dogs (15-20 kg) were instrumented with seven bipolar electrodes
      sutured at 3-cm intervals to the serosal surface of the proximal jejunum and were
      exercised at different intensities and durations on a motor-driven treadmill.
      Slow-wave frequency increased (P less than 0.05) from preexercise control during
      prolonged (90 min) exercise and during recovery after short-term exercise (30
      min) at 70% heart rate reserve (HRR). These changes were associated with an
      increase in core temperature. Spike-burst frequency (SBF) increased (P less than
      0.05) with moderate exercise (50% HRR), but the magnitude was small. When
      exercise was extended beyond 30 min and during all recovery periods, SBF
      decreased significantly. Exercise produced migrating myoelectrical complexes in
      three experiments and less dramatic pattern changes characterized as "clustered
      contractions" (regular spike bursts preceded and followed by the absence of spike
      bursts) in at least nine other experiments. We conclude that exercise does alter
      jejunal myoelectrical activity, but myoelectrical patterns may be more important
      in explaining exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms than changes in spike
      burst frequency or duration.

PMID- 3364573
TI  - Lymphatic function in the liver after hepatic venous pressure elevation.
AB  - The liver lymphatic system plays an important role in removing excess fluid from
      the hepatic tissue. A complete analysis of the liver lymphatic system would be
      difficult. However, we used a simple circuit-analysis technique to represent the
      intrahepatic portion of the lymph system as a single pressure source (PL) pushing
      lymph through a single resistance (RL). Liver lymphatic vessels were cannulated
      in nine halothane-anesthetized dogs. The lymphatic vessel outflow pressure (PO)
      was varied by raising the outflow end of the cannula. Lymph flow from the cannula
      (QL) decreased linearly with PO, and we calculated RL as -delta PO/delta QL and
      PL as the extrapolated PO at which QL = 0. At base line, PL = 8.5 +/- 2.9 cmH2O,
      and RL = 0.05 +/- 0.03 cmH2O.min/microliter. After we increased inferior vena
      caval pressure from 5.8 +/- 2.7 to 15.2 +/- 2.5 cmH2O, PL increased significantly
      to 13.7 +/- 3.4 cmH2O, and RL decreased to 0.02 +/- 0.02 cmH2O.min/microliter (P
      less than 0.05). The results indicate that increases in QL occur because the
      effective pressure pushing lymph from the liver (PL) increases, and the effective
      resistance of the intrahepatic lymph vessels (RL) decreases.

PMID- 3364574
TI  - Ontogeny of the renal response to natriuretic peptide in sheep.
AB  - The ontogeny of the renal response to continuous systemic infusion of atrial
      natriuretic peptide (ANP) was studied in chronically instrumented fetal, newborn,
      and adult nonpregnant sheep. Plasma immunoreactive ANP (ANPir) concentrations
      during low (0.025 microgram.kg-1.min-1) and high rate (0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1)
      ANP infusion were similar between each group of animals. Decrease in renal blood
      flow velocity (RBFV) and rise in renal vascular resistance (RVR) were observed in
      fetal and newborn lambs during ANP infusion. The percent changes in RBFV and RVR
      were of significantly (P less than 0.05) greater magnitude during high ANP
      infusion rate in fetuses (-28.5 +/- 8.5 and 93 +/- 6.4%) than in adult sheep (
      6.6 +/- 3.2 and -4.4 +/- 4.9%). ANP produced no changes in urine flow (V) in
      fetuses but increased V significantly in newborn lambs and adult sheep.
      Glomerular filtration rate increased significantly during ANP infusion in adult
      sheep but not in fetal and newborn lambs. Percentage changes in urinary excretion
      rate of Na (UNaV) during high ANP infusion rate were significantly higher in
      adult sheep (3,520 +/- 2,414%) than in newborn (157 +/- 106%) and fetal lambs
      (198 +/- 84%). These results suggest that the cardiovascular, renal hemodynamic,
      and possibly renal function responses to continuous ANP infusion increase during
      maturation, the overall response being larger in adult animals.

PMID- 3364575
TI  - Evaluation of prostaglandins as mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback.
AB  - Orthograde and retrograde microperfusion experiments were conducted in Sprague
      Dawley rats to evaluate the participation of vasoconstrictive eicosanoids as
      mediators of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) signals. Retrograde perfusion with
      160 microM arachidonic acid (AA) added to a hypotonic solution enhanced the stop
      flow pressure (SFP) feedback responses compared with those obtained with the
      control hypotonic solution (delta SFP, 1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.1 +/- 0.7 mmHg with
      AA). Blockade of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) with the receptor blocker EP 092 or the
      synthesis inhibitor UK 38485 did not alter the magnitude of the SFP feedback
      responses obtained with an isotonic solution. Similarly, nordihydroguaiaretic
      acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not alter maximal SFP feedback responses.
      Although indomethacin (5 mM) did induce attenuated SFP feedback responses (delta
      SFP, 9.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.4 mmHg with indomethacin), normal feedback
      responses were restored within 15-90 s after cessation of indomethacin perfusion.
      Additionally, SFP feedback responses were not inhibited with 5 mM piroxicam, a
      different cyclooxygenase inhibitor. These data fail to support a role for either
      TxA2 or lipoxygenase end products as mediators of TGF signals. The rapid
      restoration of feedback responses after indomethacin exposure and the lack of
      blockade with piroxicam suggest that transmission of feedback signals is not
      dependent on cyclooxygenase products.

PMID- 3364576
TI  - Effect of amino acid infusion as an index of renal vasodilatory capacity in
      pregnant rats.
AB  - Experiments were performed in midterm pregnant and virgin Munich-Wistar rats to
      investigate how the chronically vasodilated kidney of a gravid animal would
      respond to a further acute vasodilatory stimulus, in the form of a 90-min
      intravenous infusion of the amino acid glycine (at 0.167 mmol.kg-1.min-1). In
      young adult midterm pregnant rats studied in the base-line state, glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR), single-nephron GFR, renal plasma flow (RPF), and
      glomerular plasma flow were significantly greater (by approximately 30%) than in
      virgins due to a gestational renal vasodilation. Despite the underlying chronic
      renal vasodilation of pregnancy, the kidney of the gravid rat displays a marked
      further renal vasodilation (with consequent further increases in GFR and RPF) in
      response to acute glycine loading; the percent increase in GFR and RPF was
      similar to that seen in the relatively vasoconstricted virgin. This ability to
      further acutely increase the GFR in the pregnant rat was not limited to animals
      maintained on a normal protein diet but was also seen in older pregnant rats
      subjected to the additional chronic vasodilatory stimulus of long-term high
      protein feeding, although in these older animals the gestational vasodilation was
      blunted.

PMID- 3364577
TI  - Effect of luminal chloride on cell pH in rabbit proximal tubule.
AB  - The present in vitro microperfusion study examined whether apical membrane
      chloride transport is mediated by chloride-base exchange in the rabbit proximal
      convoluted (PCT) and proximal straight tubule (PST) by examining the effect of
      the addition of luminal chloride on intracellular pH. Intracellular pH was
      measured fluorometrically using the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6
      carboxyfluorescein. In PCT initially perfused without chloride, changing the
      luminal perfusate to a high chloride (148 mM)-low bicarbonate (5 mM) solution
      simulating late proximal tubular fluid produced a cell acidification (7.56 +/-
      0.06 to 7.52 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.02) when 1 mM formate was present in the
      perfusate and bathing solution. This acidification was inhibited by 0.5 mM 4,4'
      diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. This chloride-base exchange was not
      observed in the absence of formate, and neither acetate nor lactate produced the
      cell acidification observed with formate. Because the Na+-H+ antiporter could
      blunt a pH change, 2 mM amiloride was added to the luminal perfusate. While
      addition of luminal chloride produced a small cell acidification in the absence
      of formate (7.63 +/- 0.06 to 7.60 +/- 0.05, P less than 0.05), a much greater
      cell acidification was observed in the presence of 1 mM formate (7.69 +/- 0.05 to
      7.58 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.01). Chloride-base exchange was only detected in the
      presence of formate in the PST. These studies demonstrate apical membrane
      chloride-base exchange in the presence of formate in the rabbit proximal tubule
      consistent with chloride-formate exchange.

PMID- 3364578
TI  - Alterations in rabbit renal microvascular prostanoid synthesis in acute renal
      failure.
AB  - Vasodepressor prostanoids have been suggested to regulate renal hemodynamics
      after nephrotoxic injury and thus protect the kidney against the effects of
      prolonged ischemia. This study assessed whether changes in two microvascular
      vasodilator prostanoids would correlate with changes seen in renal hemodynamics
      in rabbits with nephrotoxic renal injury produced by either uranyl nitrate or
      mercuric chloride. Rabbits were killed at 3, 24, and 72 h after the nephrotoxin
      injections and 6-ketoprostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha and PGE2 synthesis was measured
      in vitro in isolated renal microvessels. At the end of 24 h, synthesis of both
      prostanoids was significantly increased in all nephrotoxin-treated animals, an
      observation not noted at the end of 3 h. At 72 h, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production
      remained elevated. Pretreatment with mepacrine blocked the increased prostanoid
      production seen in uranyl nitrate-treated animals. Thus, renal microvascular
      vasodilator prostanoid biosynthesis is increased 24-72 h after nephrotoxin
      administration. These data suggest that the biosynthesis of prostacyclin and PGE2
      may contribute to the maintenance of renal blood flow in the first few days after
      acute renal injury and further suggest that a mechanism for this increase may be
      stimulation of phospholipase A2.

PMID- 3364579
TI  - Na+-independent D-glucose transport in rabbit renal basolateral membranes.
AB  - To define the mechanism by which glucose is transported across the basolateral
      membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, we measured D-[14C]glucose uptake in
      basolateral membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney. Na+-dependent D-glucose
      transport, demonstrable in brush-border vesicles, could not be demonstrated in
      basolateral membrane vesicles. In the absence of Na+, the uptake of D
      [14C]glucose in basolateral vesicles was more rapid than that of L-[3H]glucose
      over a concentration range of 1-50 mM. Subtraction of the latter from the former
      uptakes revealed a saturable process with apparent Km of 9.9 mM and Vmax of 0.80
      nmol.mg protein-1.s-1. To characterize the transport component of D-glucose
      uptake in basolateral vesicles, we measured trans stimulation of 2 mM D
      [14C]glucose entry in the absence of Na+. Trans stimulation could be effected by
      preloading basolateral vesicles with D-glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, or 3-O-methyl
      D-glucose, but not with L-glucose or alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. Trans-stimulated D
      [14C]glucose uptake was inhibited by 0.1 mM phloretin or cytochalasin B but not
      phlorizin. In contrast, Na+-dependent D-[14C]glucose transport in brush-border
      vesicles was inhibited by phlorizin but not phloretin or cytochalasin B. Our
      findings are consistent with the presence of a Na+-independent D-glucose
      transporter in the proximal tubular basolateral membrane with characteristics
      similar to those of transporters present in nonepithelial cells.

PMID- 3364580
TI  - Origin of ADH-induced vacuoles in rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
AB  - The origin of the vacuoles that form in the mammalian collecting duct during
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-mediated water reabsorption was examined using two
      computer-assisted, light microscopic methods. First, differential interference
      contrast microscopy was used in combination with a simple morphometric procedure
      to quantitatively characterize the time course, magnitude, and cell specificity
      of vacuole formation in the microperfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
      Second, video-intensified fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the
      basolateral endocytosis of a fluorescent, fluid-phase marker (i.e., lucifer
      yellow) during vacuole formation. In the presence of a lumen-to-bath osmotic
      gradient, ADH addition induced the rapid (less than 10 min) formation of large (1
      to 3-micron diam) vacuoles in principal cells and, to a lesser extent, in a
      subpopulation of intercalated cells. The vacuoles subsequently shrank and
      disappeared over the course of 60-90 min in the continued presence of the hormone
      and osmotic gradient. The vacuoles collapsed very slowly after elimination of the
      osmotic gradient at the peak of the vacuolation response, which implies that
      these structures are intracellular compartments rather than dilated extracellular
      spaces. During their formation the vacuoles could be loaded with peritubular (but
      not luminal) lucifer yellow, which remained trapped within most of these
      structures well after the dye was removed from the bath (greater than 30 min).
      These results indicate that most vacuoles that form during ADH-mediated water
      reabsorption are intracellular, endocytic compartments that communicate with the
      peritubular space via endocytosis of basolateral cell membrane.

PMID- 3364581
TI  - Aberrant responses to growth-regulatory signals by variant kidney epithelial
      cells.
AB  - Cultures that achieved a higher cell density than expected were noted during
      study of growth regulation in monkey kidney epithelial cells of the BSC-1 line.
      Multiplication of the variant cells was accelerated, compared with parental
      cells, as the cultures approached confluence. Cytogenetic analysis,
      immunofluorescence antibody reactions with specific monkey serum, isoenzyme
      analysis, microbiological studies, and lack of growth in soft agar indicated that
      the variant cells were not a contaminating cell type, lacked new isoenzymes, were
      free of microbial contamination, and were not transformed. Confluent variant
      cultures did not respond to a purified growth inhibitor protein produced by BSC-1
      cells that inhibits multiplication and reduces cell Na content in subconfluent
      variant and parental cells. Vasopressin, which is a mitogen for parental cells,
      was a potent growth inhibitor for confluent cultures of variant cells. Low-K or
      high-Na media, which stimulate proliferation of parental cells, had no effect on
      growth of the variant cell line. These results suggest that enhanced
      multiplication of the variant cells is mediated by altered signal transduction
      pathways and/or receptors for growth-regulatory molecules.

PMID- 3364582
TI  - Glucagon inhibits urinary acidification in the rat.
AB  - The effects on urinary acidification of an acute infusion of glucagon (GLU) were
      studied by paired experiments in plasma-replete rats whose endogenous GLU
      secretion was restrained by a 0.7 ng.min-1.g body wt-1 somatostatin infusion. GLU
      did not affect the glomerular filtration rate in any of the plasma-replete rats
      studied. In 10 thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats and five intact rats
      subjected to hypotonic volume expansion, a low-dose (0.02 ng.min-1.g body wt-1)
      GLU infusion that raised the plasma GLU concentration from 302 +/- 63 to 1,010 +/
      140 pg/ml significantly increased the urinary bicarbonate excretion and
      decreased the urinary net acid excretion; a high-dose (0.05 ng.min-1.g body wt-1)
      glucagon infusion in the intact rats, that increased the plasma GLU concentration
      to 1,609 +/- 307 pg/ml, further enhanced the urinary bicarbonate excretion rate.
      In intact plasma-replete rats that were not subjected to a hypotonic volume
      expansion, low- and high-dose GLU infusions failed to affect the urinary
      bicarbonate excretion rate. Finally, no change in urinary excretion rates was
      noted in TPTX volume-expanded time control rats. We conclude that 1)
      physiological increments in plasma GLU concentration decrease urinary
      acidification by affecting the tubular H+/bicarbonate transport; 2) the
      bicarbonaturic effect of GLU may be blunted by the renal effects of high
      circulating antidiuretic hormone levels, or may be facilitated in an undetermined
      manner by hypotonic volume expansion.

PMID- 3364583
TI  - Coronary vasodilation during global myocardial hypoxia: effects of adenosine
      deaminase.
AB  - Isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts were infused with intracoronary adenosine
      deaminase to investigate the contribution of endogenous adenosine to the coronary
      vasodilation of global myocardial hypoxia. Coronary perfusate pressure was held
      constant at 70 cmH2O throughout the experiment. We measured retrograde aortic
      inflow (assumed to equal total antegrade coronary flow) for 3-5 min of hypoxia
      before and 4 min after initiation of intracoronary adenosine deaminase infusion
      (4 U.g-1.min-1). In the absence of adenosine deaminase mild global hypoxia
      increased coronary perfusate flow 60%. In the presence of adenosine deaminase the
      response was limited to a 5% increment. Myocardial O2 consumption was
      significantly reduced during hypoxia in the presence of adenosine deaminase. In a
      second group of hearts, moderate global hypoxia increased coronary perfusate flow
      125%. This was limited to a 53% increment in the presence of adenosine deaminase.
      Adenosine deaminase vehicle had no measurable effect on coronary perfusate flow
      responses to repeat mild hypoxia in a third group of hearts. We conclude that
      endogenous adenosine is singularly important in the coronary vasodilation of mild
      global myocardial hypoxia, but that other regulatory mechanisms might also
      contribute during moderate hypoxia.

PMID- 3364584
TI  - Piezoelectric polymer curvature sensor for measurement of regional curvature
      radius of LV wall.
AB  - To evaluate regional myocardial function, we developed a curvature sensor for
      direct and instantaneous measurement of the regional curvature radius of the LV
      wall. The sensor is a bimorph of two sheets of thin piezoelectric polymer film.
      The relation between output voltage of the sensor and the reciprocal of the known
      curvature radius has been shown to be linear. In anesthetized dogs, we inserted
      the curvature sensor into the subepimyocardium with a specially designed
      introducer. Special care was taken to insert it parallel to the epicardial
      surface. Circumferential regional curvature radius, which is defined as the
      reciprocal of regional curvature, showed the same phasic changes as the short
      axis diameter under control conditions. Under regional ischemia caused by
      transient occlusion of the coronary artery, amplitude of the phasic change in
      regional curvature radius decreased, whereas that of the short-axis diameter did
      not change or slightly increased. Phasic changes in regional curvature radius
      cannot be estimated from short-axis diameter during regional ischemia. We
      calculated regional wall tension from the directly measured regional curvature
      radius and LV pressure and found that tension-length loop clearly differentiates
      between regional myocardial function under control and ischemic conditions. We
      have concluded that our newly developed curvature sensor is accurate, that its
      practical use is feasible, and that measurement of the regional curvature radius
      of the LV wall provides detailed and accurate information on regional shape and
      function of the left ventricle.

PMID- 3364585
TI  - Effects of asynchrony on myocardial relaxation at rest and during exercise in
      conscious dogs.
AB  - The effect of left ventricular asynchrony induced by right ventricular pacing on
      relaxation indexes was studied at rest and during exercise in seven conscious
      dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of left ventricular pressure, coronary
      blood flow, and arterial pressure and with right atrial and ventricular pacing
      electrodes. Increasing heart rate with atrial pacing resulted in an increase in
      both left ventricular maximum and minimum rates of pressure development, LV
      dP/dtmax and LV dP/dtmin, respectively, as well as in a decrease in the
      relaxation constant T. In contrast, increasing heart rate with ventricular pacing
      resulted in a decrease in LV dP/dtmax, a small increase in LV dP/dtmin, and a
      significant decrease in T. During exercise with heart rate kept constant with
      atrial pacing, both LV dP/dtmax and LV dP/dtmin increased and T decreased to the
      same extent as during exercise in sinus rhythm. In contrast, exercising during
      right ventricular pacing resulted in a significant increase in T, expressing a
      slowing of relaxation. It is concluded that increasing heart rate alone in the
      presence of asynchrony of LV contraction induced by abnormal electrical
      activation results in a depressed contractile response, while the relaxation
      phase is not significantly affected. However, during sympathetic stimulation, a
      condition where synchronization should be improved, the relaxation phase is
      considerably lengthened.

PMID- 3364586
TI  - Leukocyte depletion attenuates vascular injury in postischemic skeletal muscle.
AB  - To determine whether leukocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of the
      vascular injury (increased vascular permeability and resistance) associated with
      ischemia-reperfusion, isolated canine gracilis muscles were perfused with
      autologous whole blood or with whole blood that had been depleted of leukocytes
      (primarily granulocytes) using Leukopak filters. The osmotic reflection
      coefficient for total plasma proteins, isogravimetric capillary pressure, and
      total vascular resistance was determined for the following conditions: control,
      ischemia (4 h inflow occlusion) plus reperfusion with whole blood, and ischemia
      plus reperfusion with granulocyte-depleted whole blood. Reperfusion with whole
      blood was associated with a reduction in the osmotic reflection coefficient from
      0.96 to 0.61, whereas isogravimetric capillary pressure was reduced by 40%,
      indicating a dramatic increase in vascular permeability. Total vascular
      resistance was increased approximately twofold. Reperfusion with leukocyte
      depleted blood largely prevented the increases in vascular permeability and
      resistance. These data suggest that leukocytes play a major role in the
      pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3364587
TI  - Vasomotor activity of diadenosine triphosphate and diadenosine tetraphosphate in
      isolated arteries.
AB  - Dinucleotides diadenosine triphosphate (AP3A) and diadenosine tetraphosphate
      (AP4A) are released from platelet-dense granules upon agonist-induced platelet
      aggregation. Since most platelet-derived compounds simultaneously affect
      aggregation and vascular tone, we investigated whether AP3A and AP4A have
      vasoactive properties. Experiments were performed in isolated, saline-perfused
      segments of rabbit mesenteric arteries precontracted with norepinephrine. In
      segments with intact endothelium, both dinucleotides (1-10 microM) induced
      vasodilation, with AP3A responses significantly greater. Vasodilator responses to
      AP3A in endothelium-denuded segments were not significantly different from those
      in segments with intact endothelium but those to AP4A in endothelium-intact
      segments were reversed to a pronounced contraction after endothelium removal.
      Likewise, pretreatment of endothelium-intact segments with gossypol (3 microM)
      reversed dilator responses to acetylcholine and to AP4A into contractions,
      whereas AP3A-induced dilation was not affected. In segments with intact
      endothelium but pretreated with reactive blue (10 microM), AP4A also induced a
      contraction. Dilator response to AP3A was not affected. High-performance liquid
      chromatographic analysis of effluent from vascular segments showed that neither
      AP3A nor AP4A was degraded during passage through segments. These results
      indicate that in rabbit mesenteric arteries both nucleotides act directly, and
      not through their hydrolysis products, on endothelial (AP4A) and/or smooth muscle
      receptors. The endothelium-dependent dilator effect of AP4A, is probably mediated
      by endothelial P2y-purinoceptors.

PMID- 3364588
TI  - Cardiopulmonary responses to continuous administration of endotoxin.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary response to continuous administration of lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) was studied in chronically instrumented sheep. LPS was administered in
      doses of 0 (sham), 6, 9, 12, and 24 ng.kg-1.h-1 for 24 h. No significant changes
      in the measured variables occurred in the sham group and in the 6 ng.kg-1.h-1-LPS
      group. With 9, 12, and 24 ng.kg-1.h-1-LPS, cardiac index rose and peripheral
      resistance fell to the same extent in all three groups. Lung lymph flow (QL)
      increased with increasing concentration of LPS. These elevations in QL occurred
      in the presence of only minor increases in the pulmonary artery pressure, which
      rose to the same extent in the 9, 12, and 24 ng.kg-1.h-1 groups. Consequently,
      the changes in QL were attributable to changes in fluid conductance of the
      pulmonary microvasculature rather than variations in hydrostatic pressure. The
      increase in QL correlated with a decrease in prekallikrein levels (r = 0.97),
      indicating that the changes in fluid conductance might have been kinin mediated.

PMID- 3364589
TI  - Myoplasmic Ca2+-force relationship studied with fura-2 during stimulation of rat
      aortic smooth muscle.
AB  - The intracellular Ca indicator fura-2 was used for simultaneous measurements of
      intracellular free Ca (Ca2+i) and force in arterial smooth muscle. Rat aortic
      medial rings were submitted to fluorometry in a geometrical arrangement
      resembling that of adherent cell layers. A rigid force-transducing system served
      to immobilize the tissue and record the developed force quasi-isometrically.
      Stimulation was performed with norepinephrine (NE), KCl depolarization (high K),
      and a nonfluorescent Ca ionophore (ionomycin) at varying extracellular Ca
      concentrations. The following facts were observed. NE, high K, and ionomycin
      increased tension along with fura-2-reported Ca2+i; under any circumstances
      tension was Ca2+i dependent and could be varied by manipulating Ca2+i. However,
      NE and high K determined a parallel increase in the effectiveness of Ca2+i in
      comparison with the simple ionophore, i.e., they increased the force-to-Ca2+i
      ratio. NE and high K produced half-maximal tension at fura-2 estimated Ca2+i of
      0.10 and 0.13 microM, whereas ionomycin required 0.6 microM to achieve the same
      amount of force. It is inferred that Ca2+i is a determinant of vascular
      contraction, but some results suggest the existence of factors that sensitize the
      contractile machinery to Ca.

PMID- 3364590
TI  - Dobutamine modifies myocardial infarct size through supply-demand balance.
AB  - We investigated dobutamine effect on infarct size during permanent coronary
      artery occlusion in dogs. The coronary artery of closed-chest dog was embolized
      by a 2.5-mm Teflon bead. Regional flow was measured 8 min after embolization with
      microspheres and, in drug-treated animals, again 20 min after starting dobutamine
      infusion (10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 5 h immediately after the first
      microsphere measurement). The percent of the ischemic region progressing to
      infarct was determined 48 h later in each animal. Percent necrosis in the control
      group correlated closely with collateral flow to the epicardial one-third of the
      ischemic zone normalized against flow to the corresponding layer in the
      nonischemic zone. This flow should reflect an index of supply (collateral flow)
      and demand (flow to the nonischemic region determined by autoregulation). Percent
      necrosis in the drug-treated group did not correlate with normalized collateral
      flow measurement made before drug infusion, indicating that dobutamine had
      modified the course of infarction. Percent necrosis correlated well with
      normalized collateral flow measured during drug infusion, and that relationship
      was not different from that in the control group. Dobutamine increased infarct
      size over that expected from the predrug flow measurement in some dogs and
      reduced it in others. In all cases, however, the drug effect on infarct size was
      clearly reflected in normalized collateral flow measurement during drug infusion.
      Percent necrosis correlated with absolute collateral flow but less closely than
      with the normalized one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364591
TI  - Blood pressure increases after injection of neuropeptide Y into posterior
      hypothalamic nucleus.
AB  - Unilateral microinjection of neuropeptide Y (NPY; 0.235-2.35 nmol) into the
      posterior hypothalamic nucleus was found to evoke a concentration-dependent
      increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of Urethane-anesthetized rats.
      Concentration-dependent pressor responses were also elicited by unilateral
      administration of histamine (0.543-17.9 nmol) into the posterior hypothalamic
      nucleus. Administration of 30 nmol of the histamine H1-receptor antagonist,
      chlorpheniramine, but not 43.5 nmol of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist,
      cimetidine, into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus 10 min before 5.43 nmol
      histamine administration, significantly attenuated the histamine-induced pressor
      response. These concentrations of chlorpheniramine or cimetidine did not affect
      the increase in MAP, which could be evoked by the administration of 5.48 nmol of
      the cholinergic muscarinic agonist carbachol into the posterior hypothalamic
      nucleus. The carbachol-induced increase in MAP was, however, completely blocked
      by administration of 12 nmol of the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist atropine
      into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus 10 min before carbachol administration.
      This concentration of atropine did not affect the histamine-induced pressor
      response. Administration of atropine or chlorpheniramine into the posterior
      hypothalamic nucleus 10 min before 2.35 nmol NPY significantly attenuated the
      pressor response evoked by NPY. Cimetidine, on the other hand, was unable to
      significantly affect the increase in MAP evoked by NPY. These results demonstrate
      that NPY administered into the posterior hypothalamic nucleus can elicit a
      pressor response, and that this pressor response might involve local
      histaminergic and cholinergic neuronal pathways.

PMID- 3364592
TI  - Serotonergic vasoconstriction in human fingers during reflex sympathetic response
      to cooling.
AB  - The effect on finger blood flow (FBF) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in a 25
      degrees C room and the S2-serotonergic receptor antagonist, ketanserin, during
      reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction was studied in normal subjects. Total FBF was
      measured by venous occlusion, air plethysmography, and capillary blood flow (FCF)
      by the disappearance rate of a radioisotope from a fingertip injection. 5-HT in
      doses of 4 and 8 micrograms/min, given by constant infusion via a brachial artery
      catheter, significantly decreased FBF [32 +/- (SE) 10.4 to 12.8 +/- 6.6 for 4
      micrograms/min and to 5.4 +/- 2.6 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 for 8 micrograms/min, P less
      than 0.05]. Ketanserin (50 micrograms/min) blocked the vasoconstriction caused by
      5-HT. During reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction produced by body cooling,
      ketanserin increased FBF from 4.1 +/- 1.1 to 39.9 +/- 12.9 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 (P
      less than 0.025). The vasodilation caused by ketanserin was specific for
      serotonergic receptors, since it occurred during alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade
      with prazosin. Furthermore, the decreases in FBF induced by clonidine and
      angiotensin II were not significantly different before and during ketanserin
      infusion. Also, ketanserin further increased FBF after vasodilation of reflexly
      vasoconstricted fingers by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, and
      phentolamine increased FBF during ketanserin infusions. FCF decreased during 5-HT
      and increased during ketanserin infusions, demonstrating that both capillary and
      arteriovenous shunt flow were affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364593
TI  - Integrated regional work equals total left ventricular work in regionally
      ischemic canine heart.
AB  - To assess left ventricular (LV) regional work with physically correct dimensions,
      wall tension-regional area (T-A) loops were analyzed before and after coronary
      occlusion in the excised cross-circulated canine LV (n = 11) connected to a
      volume-servo pump. Wall tension was calculated with the force equilibrium
      equation for a sphere, and regional areas were determined from pairs of
      orthogonal sonomicrometers in ischemic and nonischemic regions. LV and regional
      stroke work were simultaneously assessed from the pressure-volume and T-A loops
      during one cardiac cycle at various end-diastolic and stroke volumes. After
      coronary occlusion, regional work of the ischemic region markedly decreased to
      near or even below zero. Although regional work of the nonischemic region
      moderately decreased at constant LV end-diastolic and stroke volumes, the
      contribution of the nonischemic region to LV stroke work increased. Globally
      integrated regional work calculated from regional work/unit area and estimates of
      the extent of ischemia closely agreed with measured LV stroke work either before
      (n = 119; r = 0.92) or after coronary occlusion (n = 141; r = 0.93) despite the
      marked changes in regional work in both regions. We conclude that the global
      integral of regional work equals the total LV work and that regional work of the
      LV can be reliably assessed from the T-A loop with the same dimensions as energy
      in both normal and regionally ischemic hearts.

PMID- 3364594
TI  - Baroreflex modulation by cardiopulmonary receptors during chronic sodium
      depletion.
AB  - Chronic sodium to depletion is associated with a reduced baroreflex
      responsiveness to carotid sinus hypotension. One hypothesis to explain the
      mechanism of the reduced baroreflex responsiveness involves a redistribution of
      blood volume toward the cardiopulmonary circulation during sodium depletion. This
      volume redistribution may result in enhanced discharge of cardiopulmonary volume
      sensing mechanoreceptors, which tonically inhibit the expression of the carotid
      baroreflex. In this study, when the pressor and tachycardic responses to carotid
      occlusion were tested, the baroreflex responses were significantly smaller in
      sodium-depleted dogs (P less than 0.05). When the vagal and aortic depressor
      nerves were removed, the baroreflex responses to carotid occlusion were increased
      in both sodium-replete and sodium-depleted animals. However, the pressor and
      tachycardic responses were still attenuated in the sodium-depleted animals after
      vagotomy (P less than 0.05). Thus the results of this study indicate that
      cardiopulmonary volume receptor discharge is not increased in the sodium-depleted
      state, and removal of cardiopulmonary vagal afferent influences does not
      normalize the impaired baroreflex responsiveness of sodium-depleted animals.

PMID- 3364595
TI  - Effect of pathological blood histamine levels on canine coronary vascular
      permeability.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of systemically administered histamine on coronary
      vascular permeability (CVP) of pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs with
      and without beta-receptor blockade. We determined changes in CVP by comparing
      prenodal cardiac lymph flow and lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio
      before and after 30 min of histamine infusion. Histamine was infused into the
      left ventricle at 150 micrograms/min to produce pathological blood histamine
      concentrations of approximately 0.5 micrograms/ml. Histamine increased CVP in
      only one of seven dogs without beta-receptor blockade but increased CVP in four
      of seven beta-blocked animals. In a second series of experiments, the effect of
      histamine on CVP was assessed in an in situ isolated heart-lung preparation. In
      this preparation, similar blood histamine concentrations increased CVP in the
      same fraction of experiments (4 of 7) as was observed for beta-blocked dogs.
      Therefore, isolating the heart from the effects of all systemically derived
      histamine antagonistic substances did not appear to make the coronary vessels any
      more vulnerable to histamine than only blocking the actions of catecholamines. We
      conclude that 1) catecholamines provide protection for the coronary
      microvasculature against histamine-induced increases in the CVP; and 2) the
      probability that vascular permeability will increase in the heart when histamine
      exposure occurs through the general circulation is remote. Thus, if histamine
      induced increases in CVP occur, then they probably result from the release of
      histamine from myocardial storage sites.

PMID- 3364596
TI  - Response of arteriolar network of skeletal muscle to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation.
AB  - The influence of vessel location on arteriolar responses to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation was systematically studied in a skeletal muscle arteriolar network
      under normal and altered tissue O2 levels. The exteriorized cat sartorius muscle
      was exposed to 0, 5, and 10% ambient O2 during sympathetic chain stimulation at 8
      pulses/s. Under 0% O2, stimulation initially caused a 25-45% constriction that
      was faster and more pronounced in distal arterioles. Ninety-one percent of
      vessels showed a secondary dilation (sympathetic escape), which was largest in
      distal arterioles. Escape had little effect on calculated volume flow, which,
      after a large initial fall, showed a modest secondary increase. Under 5 and 10%
      O2, resting arteriolar diameter was reduced by 12 and 17%, respectively, and
      escape was reduced by 60 and 73%. Escape was not attenuated in proximal
      arterioles preconstricted with vasopressin, suggesting that O2 did not attenuate
      escape through increased vascular tone. Therefore, the arteriolar response to
      sympathetic stimulation depends largely on location within the network and is
      modulated to varying degrees by metabolic influences.

PMID- 3364597
TI  - Periarteriolar and tissue PO2 during sympathetic escape in skeletal muscle.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether vascular escape from
      sympathetic nerve stimulation in skeletal muscle is caused by a fall in the
      tissue O2 level. O2 microelectrodes were used to measure PO2 at the wall of
      arterioles (periarteriolar PO2) and near the venous end of capillary networks
      (parenchymal tissue PO2) in the exteriorized cat sartorius muscle during
      sympathetic nerve stimulation. Measurements were made under a low O2 suffusate
      (equilibrated with 5% CO2-95% N2) and under a high O2 suffusate (10% O2-5% CO2
      85% N2). During sympathetic stimulation under low O2, mean diameter of proximal
      (second-order) arterioles decreased from 55 to 32 micron before returning to 37
      micron (sympathetic escape). Mean periarteriolar PO2 fell from 50 to 25 mmHg with
      no secondary increase. Distal (fifth-order) arterioles initially constricted from
      7 to 4 micron before relaxing to 6 micron. Periarteriolar PO2 of these vessels
      fell from 40 to 13 mmHg with no secondary increase. During stimulation under high
      O2, periarteriolar PO2 levels of both proximal and distal arterioles were similar
      to those under low O2, yet escape was substantially reduced. The lack of
      relationship between periarteriolar PO2 and vascular escape argues against a role
      of vascular wall PO2 in this behavior. Parenchymal tissue PO2 fell to 9 mmHg
      during stimulation under low O2 but did not fall below 22 mmHg during stimulation
      under high O2. The attenuation of escape under conditions where tissue PO2 did
      not fall is consistent with the hypothesis that sympathetic escape in skeletal
      muscle is mediated through a fall in parenchymal cell PO2.

PMID- 3364598
TI  - Two components of coupling calcium in single ventricular cell of rabbits and
      rats.
AB  - A system for rapid superfusion with simultaneous measurement of contractile
      amplitude of single adult rat and rabbit ventricular cells is used to measure
      cellular response to alterations of the superfusate achieved in less than 0.3 s.
      The time course of contractile response of the cells to extracellular Ca
      concentration [( Ca]o) depletion and repletion identifies "fast" and "slow"
      cellular pools of Ca that contribute to contraction. The fast pool can be totally
      depleted or repleted within a single diastolic period. Depletion of this pool
      completely eliminates contraction in both rat and rabbit cell. Experiments using
      dimethonium to investigate the effect of Ca in the diffuse double layer and
      dodecyl sulfate to specifically augment sarcolemmal fixed-negative charge
      indicate that sarcolemmal binding sites may represent a major fraction of the
      fast pool. At 1 mM [Ca]o, this pool is functionally saturated in the rat but not
      nearly saturated in the rabbit. After 10 min Ca depletion more than 60 s of Ca
      repletion are required to restore full contraction amplitude. This indicates the
      presence of a slow pool of Ca that contributes to contraction. This pool, at 1 mM
      [Ca]o, is nearly functionally saturated in the rabbit but not nearly so in the
      rat. The responses to Ca depletion and repletion, Na depletion and repletion, and
      1 microM ryanodine indicate that the contribution of Ca to contraction from the
      slow pool is much greater in the rat than in the rabbit and that its cellular
      locus is probably the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3364599
TI  - Area postrema and cardiovascular regulation in rats.
AB  - The area postrema (AP) of the dog mediates pressor responses to angiotensin II
      and plays a role in the maintenance of normal arterial pressure. Ablation of the
      AP (APX) in the rat has been reported to have little or no effect on
      cardiovascular regulation. In the present study, computer data acquisition
      techniques were used to investigate this question. APX in the rat significantly
      lowered resting mean arterial pressure within 1 h (P less than 0.005) and lowered
      heart rate within 1 day (P less than 0.05) following the lesion. Increases in
      heart rate following atropine injections were significantly greater (P less than
      0.05) in AP relative to sham lesion rats, suggesting higher vagal tone in the AP
      lesion rats. In addition, APX significantly enhanced the baroreflex control of
      heart rate in response to intravenous phenylephrine (P less than 0.05). Lability
      of pressure was not affected by the lesion. The hypotension and bradycardia
      produced by APX were still present 1 wk after APX. These AP lesions apparently
      did not produce significant damage to the function of the nearby NTS, since 1)
      histological analysis revealed minimal NTS damage, 2) arterial pressure lability
      was not increased, and 3) APX enhanced rather than impaired baroreflex control of
      heart rate. We conclude that the AP may have a role in the maintenance of resting
      arterial pressure and heart rate in the rat.

PMID- 3364601
TI  - Proposal for APS-IUPS convention for diagraming physiological mechanisms.
AB  - As physiological research reveals the existence of systems of increasing
      complexity and the existence of important interactions between them, the
      diagrammatic depiction of those systems and their interactions becomes an
      essential step in clarifying our own concepts in scientist-to-scientist
      communication and in teaching. Although control engineers, electronic engineers,
      and computer programmers long ago established their own diagrammatic conventions,
      physiologists are only now beginning to feel the need for a uniform convention
      suited to their own special needs in place of the numerous (and mostly ad hoc)
      diagram types that have recently proliferated in the literature. The convention
      proposed here is based on a formal theory of mechanism developed by W. Ross Ashby
      (An Introduction to Cybernetics, 1956). Its purely mechanistic structure
      transcends traditional interdisciplinary barriers to communication. Wide
      acceptance of the convention proposed here would therefore enhance the ability of
      physiology to encompass mechanisms from molecular and cell biology and integrate
      them with general and systems physiology in a metadisciplinary effort to
      comprehend "the wisdom of the body." Among its many advantages is its simplicity;
      diagrams may be drawn at various levels of detail and complexity by use of a few
      basic rules, and they can be readily understood without knowledge of the theory.

PMID- 3364600
TI  - Release of norepinephrine from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - The push-pull cannula was used to examine the release of endogenous
      norepinephrine (NE) from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) of
      unanesthetized freely moving 7- to 10- and 12- to 14-wk-old Sprague-Dawley (SD),
      Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Basal NE release,
      K+ (56 mM) stimulation-induced NE release, and NE release in response to
      pressor/depressor drugs were examined in all three strains at both ages.
      Significant increases in basal and K+-stimulated release of endogenous NE from
      the PVH were observed in 7- to 10- and 12- to 14-wk-old SHR compared with the
      normotensive control rats suggesting that enhanced central noradrenergic nerve
      activity may be involved in the development and maintenance of hypertension in
      the SHR. In addition, a reciprocal relationship exists with respect to blood
      pressure and NE release from the PVH, i.e., decreases in blood pressure elicit
      increases in NE release, and increases in blood pressure elicit decreases in NE
      release in all three strains at both age groups, suggesting that the
      noradrenergic pathways of the PVH contribute to the maintenance of arterial blood
      pressure homeostasis.

PMID- 3364602
TI  - Pentobarbital potentiates natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in
      monkeys.
AB  - We determined the influence of pentobarbital sodium on the renal responses of the
      monkey to acute intravascular volume expansion. Before volume expansion, the
      anesthetized animals had a significantly lower blood pressure and creatinine
      clearance and a significantly higher urine flow and sodium excretion than the
      conscious animals. After volume expansion with an isotonic, isoncotic, dextran
      solution, sodium excretion and urine flow increased significantly in both groups
      of animals. However, both responses were significantly greater in the
      anesthetized animals. The greater natriuresis in the anesthetized animals was
      associated with a greater fractional sodium excretion than in the conscious
      animals. The potentiated response of the anesthetized animal may be the result of
      a direct renal tubular effect of pentobarbital and/or the result of the
      anesthetic removing an inhibitory influence on sodium excretion.

PMID- 3364603
TI  - Morphology and cell dynamics of adipose tissue in hypothalamic obese mice.
AB  - Morphological and cell kinetic characteristics of the epididymal adipose tissue
      of obese mice, induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG), were examined in comparison
      to those of normal mice. Mice treated with MSG for 5 postnatal days became obese
      after 8 wk of age; adipocytes of the MSG-treated mice were larger than those of
      normal mice. Heterogeneity was noted in components of the adipose tissue in the
      obese mice after 24 wk; various-sized adipocytes appeared, and the connective
      tissue elements increased; necrosis of adipocytes was observed by 36 wk; and
      mononuclear cells and macrophages infiltrated around the necrotic adipocytes.
      Such changes were not seen in normal mice. Autoradiographic study with continuous
      and pulse labeling with [3H]thymidine showed that half the fat cells were
      replaced in 150-200 days in normal mice and that the turnover rate of adipocytes
      was more rapid in the obese mice than in the normal mice. In the obese mice, cell
      death and cell renewal were found to occur more actively.

PMID- 3364604
TI  - Effects of plasma angiotensin II and hypernatremia on subfornical organ neurons.
AB  - Experiments were done in urethan-anesthetized rats to investigate the effect of
      plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) and hypernatremia on the excitability of
      subfornical organ (SFO) neurons projecting directly to paraventricular nucleus of
      the hypothalamus (PVH), supraoptic nucleus (SON), and nucleus medianus (NM).
      Extracellular recordings were made from 106 antidromically identified neurons in
      the SFO. The firing frequency of 53 (50%) was increased by the intracarotid
      infusion of ANG II and/or 0.5 M hypertonic NaCl. The intracarotid infusion of
      isotonic saline or the intravenous infusion of phenylephrine did not alter the
      discharge rate of these SFO neurons. Of 38 PVH projecting neurons, 21 (55%)
      responded to ANG II and/or hypertonic NaCl: 9 to ANG II only, 8 to hypertonic
      NaCl only, and 4 to both. Similarly, of 42 SON projecting neurons, 30 (71%)
      responded to ANG II and/or hypertonic NaCl: 10 to ANG II only, 15 to hypertonic
      NaCl only, and 5 to both. Finally, of 26 NM projecting neurons, one increased its
      firing frequency to ANG II and one other to 0.5 M NaCl. An additional eight SFO
      neurons were found to send collateral axons to both the PVH and SON (n = 6) and
      PVH and NM (n = 2): four responded in various combinations to intracarotid
      infusion of ANG II and 0.5 M NaCl. These data suggest that blood-borne ANG II and
      plasma hypernatremia can influence arterial pressure and the release of
      vasopressin from the neurohypophysis by altering the discharge rate of SFO
      neurons projecting to forebrain structures that contain magnocellular
      neurosecretory vasopressin neurons and neurons that are components of
      sympathoexcitatory pathways.

PMID- 3364606
TI  - Role of central nervous system in renal nerve activity during prolonged
      hemorrhagic shock in dogs.
AB  - The contribution of sympathetic efferent outflow through the central nervous
      system (CNS) during prolonged hemorrhagic hypotension of 50 mmHg was examined in
      anesthetized dogs. Mean blood pressure, heart rate, and renal nerve activity
      (RNA) were recorded simultaneously after arterial bleeding for 2 h. In animals
      with an intact neuraxis, hemorrhage to approximately 50 mmHg increased RNA to 180
      +/- 12% of control level at 5 min after bleeding, but returned close to control
      level after 10 min. A secondary increase in RNA followed, with its maximum (280
      +/- 12%) at 30 min after bleeding. Then RNA gradually decreased so that at end of
      experiment (120 min after bleeding) RNA was 10 +/- 9% of control. The initial
      increase in RNA was abolished by denervation of afferents from carotid sinus and
      cardiopulmonary regions, but secondary RNA response during hemorrhagic
      hypotension was similar to that in the intact group and occurred when the head
      region of animals was exposed to a hypotension of 50 mmHg, and perfusion to
      peripheral regions of the body was maintained near normal range. However, when
      perfusion to the head was maintained at a steady level and peripheral regions
      were exposed to hypotension of 50 mmHg, RNA response did not change
      significantly. These results provide evidence that prolonged hemorrhagic
      hypotension, which induces severe brain ischemia, causes biphasic sympathetic
      outflow via the CNS. The increase in sympathetic activity was followed by
      decrease with time. This decrease may contribute to the pathogenesis of vasomotor
      paralysis occurring at the irreversible stage of hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3364605
TI  - Development of bronchiolar epithelium: time course of response to oxygen and
      recovery.
AB  - Hyperoxia (greater than 95% O2) reversibly suppresses the early postnatal
      development of rat bronchiolar epithelium. We now show that blunting of the
      normal increase in nuclear numerical density per centimeter cubed of Clara and
      ciliated cells becomes apparent within 24 h of exposure to O2 (age 2 days) and
      reaches a maximum on the last day of hyperoxia (age 7 days). The intergroup
      differences began to disappear within 48 h after removal from O2. During air
      breathing, Clara cell mitosis increased sixfold between the ages of 1 and 2 days
      and returned to day 1 values by age 7 days. During O2 breathing, Clara cell
      mitosis increased threefold between age 1 and 2 days, returned to day 1 values by
      day 4, but exhibited a second peak 24 h post-O2 (day 8) not present in unexposed
      pups. The onset of differences in the volume of Clara cell organelles and
      glycogen was variable, but the differences were partly or completely eliminated
      48 h post-O2 exposure. We conclude hyperoxia reversibly impairs mitosis by Clara
      cells.

PMID- 3364607
TI  - Hemodynamic significance of the carotid rete during changes in arterial blood
      pressure.
AB  - We attempted to characterize in the goat the hemodynamic response of the carotid
      rete during large, passive changes in blood pressure in the afferent limb of the
      rete produced by mechanical constriction of the thoracic aorta or the inferior
      vena cava. Experiments in 12 anesthetized goats demonstrated that calculated
      resistance through the rete decreases in hypertension and increases in
      hypotension, whereas changes in resistance through brain vessels follow opposite
      directions. The consequence of this is that the carotid rete, by passively
      decreasing its resistance to blood flow in hypertension, acts as a flow
      facilitating system in a situation in which smooth muscle of brain vessels
      contracts in response to stretch. Contrariwise, by increasing its resistance to
      blood flow during systemic hypotension, the carotid rete "limits" the passage of
      blood when active relaxation of brain vessels takes place.

PMID- 3364608
TI  - Characteristics of L-alanine uptake in freshly isolated hepatocytes of
      elasmobranch Raja erinacea.
AB  - The specific transport mechanisms that mediate the hepatic uptake of L
      [3H]alanine and of an unnatural homologue, alpha-[14C]methylaminoisobutyric acid
      (MeAIB), were analyzed in hepatocyte suspensions from Raja erinacea.
      Aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of aminotransferase activity was used to prevent
      alanine metabolism. After 3 h of incubation with either 0.5 mM alanine or MeAIB,
      hepatic concentrations of these amino acids were significantly higher in the
      presence than absence of Na+ (8 vs. 1 and 1 vs. 0.1 mM, respectively). Kinetic
      studies indicated that both alanine and MeAIB transport occurred via sodium
      dependent saturable mechanisms. [14C]MeAIB uptake was completely inhibited by
      excess L-alanine. Uptake of [3H]alanine was inhibited by a 40-fold excess of
      serine and cysteine (53-54%), by MeAIB and methylalanine (26-31%), and by leucine
      (14%), whereas D-alanine, beta-alanine, taurine, and glutamate had no effect.
      Insulin and glucagon were unable to stimulate [3H]alanine uptake. Glucose release
      from hepatocytes was unaffected by 10 mM alanine or 2 mM aminooxyacetate,
      indicating that alanine is not a major gluconeogenic precursor in this marine
      elasmobranch. These results suggest that uptake of L-alanine by skate hepatocytes
      occurs predominantly via a sodium-dependent system, with properties similar to
      those exhibited by the ASC neutral amino acid transport system previously
      characterized in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3364609
TI  - Osmotically released vasopressin augments cardiopulmonary reflex inhibition of
      the circulation.
AB  - Exogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to augment the inhibitory
      influence of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. This study examined the
      influence of osmotically released AVP on the inhibitory responses to activation
      of cardiopulmonary receptors by administration of veratrum alkaloids. Three
      groups of conscious dogs, with carotid sinus intact, with prior sinoaortic
      denervation (SAD), and with prior lesion of the area postrema (AP), were
      instrumented for monitoring arterial pressure and heart rate and with left
      circumflex coronary artery or left atrial catheters for administration of
      veratrum alkaloids. Conscious dogs were administered veratridine (0.5-1.0
      microgram.kg-1.min-1) under control conditions, after infusion of hypertonic
      saline (HS, 6% NaCl), and after HS in the presence of the AVP vascular (V1)
      receptor antagonist. In carotid sinus-intact dogs, veratridine reduced arterial
      pressure (-10 +/- 0.4 mmHg). After HS infusion, the depressor response to
      veratridine was significantly greater (-18 +/- 0.8 mmHg). The enhanced depressor
      response during HS infusion was prevented by administration of the AVP antagonist
      (-8 +/- 0.6 mmHg). Responses to veratrum alkaloids in SAD dogs were similar. In
      AP-lesioned animals, the depressor effects of veratridine (-9 +/- 0.5 mmHg) were
      similar to intact animals. However, the response to veratridine during HS was not
      altered (-9 +/- 0.8 mmHg) in AP-lesioned dogs. Results suggest that osmotically
      stimulated AVP augments the inhibitory effects of cardiopulmonary reflexes and
      that this effect is mediated through the area postrema via the V1 receptor.

PMID- 3364610
TI  - Effects of food and light on norepinephrine turnover.
AB  - To study diurnal differences in norepinephrine turnover, groups of rats were
      housed in rooms with alternating 12 h light and 12 h dark where half the animals
      were in a normal light cycle and half were in a reversed light cycle.
      Norepinephrine turnover was measured in all groups beginning at 1000 by
      inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase. When rats are fed ad libitum, the turnover of
      norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart was significantly
      higher in the normal cycle than in the reversed cycle. In addition, there was an
      interaction between the turnover of norepinephrine and the feeding and lighting
      schedules. When animals were adapted to eating from 0700 to 1900, the turnover of
      norepinephrine was somewhat faster when the animals ate in the reversed cycle
      than when they ate in the normal cycle. Conversely, when the feeding schedule was
      reversed and animals ate between 1900 and 0700, the turnover of norepinephrine in
      the absence of food was slightly slower in the animals eating in the reversed
      cycle than in those eating in the light cycle. This interaction between lighting
      and food intake observed in both male and female rats was abolished by
      ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. These data suggest that food intake and
      lighting conditions interact as controllers of the sympathetic nervous system and
      that these interactions are modulated by the ventromedial hypothalamus.

PMID- 3364611
TI  - Influence of temperature and adrenergic stimulation on rat sinoatrial frequency.
AB  - We examined the effect of temperature and adrenergic stimulation on atrial rate
      in the rat. Right atrial preparations were maintained for 65 min at 38.0 degrees
      C and then exposed to high or moderate concentrations of isoproterenol (ISO) or
      left as controls. Temperature was cycled through four different values between
      35.6 and 42.8 degrees C and allowed to stabilize at each value before atrial rate
      was measured. The rate-temperature loops exhibited a modest hysteresis; higher
      values for rate were obtained on the ascending limb. Hysteresis was found to
      result from a transient overshoot of the rate response to a temperature step. The
      linear response of atrial rate to temperature ranged from 20.3 +/- 1.3 to 22.6 +/
      0.7 beats.min-1.degrees C-1 (mean +/- SE) for control and high ISO (P greater
      than 0.05). Data were analyzed by applying the Arrhenius equation and by
      calculating the Q10 effect. ISO, while increasing atrial rate, reduced the
      measures of temperature sensitivity. Q10 and mu (temperature characteristic) were
      2.1 and 59.8 +/- 2.1 for control and 1.7 and 40.0 +/- 1.5 for high ISO groups,
      respectively. The direct effect of an increase in temperature on sinoatrial
      rhythm would contribute significantly to the increase in heart rate seen in
      exercise.

PMID- 3364612
TI  - Perception of dynamic information in static handwritten forms.
AB  - Handwriting recognition presents a problem for most theories of letter
      perception. How do people accurately discriminate letters given the variability
      in handwritten forms? We propose that perceivers detect and capitalize on
      information relating to production inherent in the static trace of the
      handwritten letter. In an "implicit detection" task, subjects' ability to detect
      stroke direction in a series of handwritten characters was found to be influenced
      by the particular drawing method used to generate the stimuli. Similar results
      were obtained in an "explicit detection" task in which the subjects were asked to
      speculate on the drawing method used to generate the samples. Our findings
      suggest that perceivers are able to extract information relating to production
      from the static trace. We propose that they can then use this information in
      conjunction with their knowledge of a common production process, shared by both
      producers and perceivers, to aid character recognition.

PMID- 3364613
TI  - Haptic numerosity perception: effect of item arrangement.

PMID- 3364614
TI  - Low-constraint facilitation in lexical decision with single-word contexts.
AB  - Single-word, low-constraint adjective contexts were used to "prime" lexical
      decision to noun targets in Serbo-Croat. Semantically congruent situations
      consisted of adjective-noun pairs that were not highly predictable but were
      nonetheless plausible (e.g., GOOD-AUNT). Semantically incongruent situations used
      pairs that were implausible (e.g., SLOW-COAT). All adjective-noun pairs were
      grammatically congruent and were compared with a neutral XXX baseline. In
      Experiment 1, at a stimulus onset asynchrony of 300 ms, congruous situations
      showed 59 ms of facilitation while incongruous situations did not differ from the
      baseline. The same pattern was repeated in Experiment 2, at a stimulus onset
      asynchrony of 800 ms. Congruous situations were facilitated 67 ms. Results are
      discussed in terms of a message-level coherence check in Forster's (1979) model
      of autonomous levels of language processing.

PMID- 3364615
TI  - Memory for frequency of hearing popular songs.
AB  - In two experiments college students were asked to provide situational frequency
      estimates of 10-s excerpts from rock songs. In both experiments familiarity of
      the musical selections heard one, two, three, or four times was varied. In
      Experiment 2 the nature of instructions given to subjects prior to presentation
      of the musical excerpts was also manipulated. Across both experiments subjects'
      estimates were less accurate for unfamiliar than for familiar rock music. In
      Experiment 2 instructions to remember frequency, as well as general memory
      instructions, resulted in better memory for presentation frequency than did
      instructions to "ignore" music while working on math problems. Memory for
      situational frequency was also related to knowledge of rock music as defined by
      subjects' ability to identify the titles and artists of the presented songs. The
      present pattern of results with popular music is viewed as similar to that
      obtained in experiments investigating memory for frequency of verbal stimuli.
      Although providing support for an automatic processing view of frequency
      encoding, the results also implicate meaningful elaboration of stimuli as an
      important determinant of memory for frequency of events.

PMID- 3364616
TI  - Effect of varied taste experience on negative contrast in consummatory behavior.
AB  - Rats shifted from 32% to 4% sucrose consume less 4% sucrose than animals that
      experience only the 4% solution. Previous experiments have suggested that a
      stress/emotional factor may be causally related to this negative contrast effect
      on the second postshift day, but not on the first postshift day. The present
      experiment was concerned with the possibility that contrast on the first
      postshift day is related to a neophobic response to the postshift solution.
      Results showed that giving animals experience with variously flavored (seven
      different flavors) 32% sucrose during the preshift period reduced degree of
      contrast when the animals were shifted to 4% sucrose. These data are considered
      in terms of solution novelty, specific loss of "sweetness", and caloric loss as
      contributors to negative contrast.

PMID- 3364617
TI  - Recency and suffix effects in pictures as a function of recall method.
AB  - Two studies compared recency and suffix effects in pictures. In Experiment 1,
      which used strict serial recall, the recall curve for the control condition fell
      sharply until the final position when it exhibited a small but significant amount
      of recency. No suffix effects were present. In Experiment 2, a modified free
      recall condition exhibited a U-shaped serial position curve and significant
      recency. Picture and graphic suffixes led to small, reliable end-of-sequence
      suffix effects, but spoken suffixes did not. Thus pictures appear to lead to
      recency and suffix effects similar to those produced by static visual
      alphanumeric stimuli when strict serial recall is used. With a modified free
      recall procedure, recency is enhanced and suffix effects appear. The implications
      of the results with pictures and of differences between the two recall procedures
      are discussed with respect to literature in the area on pictures (Cohen, 1972)
      and American Sign Language (Krakow & Hanson, 1985; Shand & Klima, 1981).
      Additionally, some new methods of defining and analyzing recency, which are also
      applicable to primacy, are proposed and used in the paper to bring out more
      clearly the effects present.

PMID- 3364618
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies detect occult breast carcinoma metastases in the bone
      marrow of patients with early stage disease.
AB  - Thirty-five to 40% of patients with operable breast carcinoma develop metastases
      after primary therapy. There is a need for more specific prognostic parameters to
      identify patients who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy. The
      success of such treatment stems from its ability to eradicate preclinical
      microscopic metastases. The bone marrow is an accessible and frequent site of
      breast carcinoma metastases. Following studies of Redding et al. (16), we used
      monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane and cytoskeletal antigens expressed
      by epithelial cells (C26, T16, AE-1) in an immunohistochemical assay to find
      cancer cells in bone marrow aspirates. The assay can detect one cancer cell among
      50,000-100,000 hematopoietic cells. None of the 44 control bone marrows (from
      normal individuals and patients with leukemias and lymphomas) contained antigen
      positive (extrinsic) cells. We found extrinsic cells in the bone marrow of 35%
      (18 of 51) of patients with operable breast carcinoma; no extrinsic cells were
      identified by routine bone marrow cytology in these patients. Twenty-seven
      percent (six of 22) of patients with negative lymph nodes had antigen-positive
      cells, while 41% (12 of 29) of patients with lymph node metastases had such
      cells. Similarly, 23% (three of 13) of patients with TNM stage I disease, 38% (13
      of 34) of patients with stage II disease, and 50% (two of four) of patients with
      stage III disease had extrinsic cells. In those cases where extrinsic cells were
      identified, stage II patients with negative lymph nodes and patients with stage I
      disease were found to have fewer such cells in their marrow than patients with
      lymph node metastases and patients with stage II disease. These trends did not
      reach the level of statistical significance in this small number of patients. The
      presence of extrinsic cells did not correlate with tumor size of lymphatic
      invasion around the tumor. We conclude that the epithelial cells detected in the
      bone marrow of the patients with breast carcinoma were carcinoma cells based on
      the following criteria: (a) they expressed both membrane and cytoplasmic
      epithelia-specific antigens, (b) they possessed the cytologic characteristics of
      malignant epithelial cells, and (c) these cells were not detected in the bone
      marrow from normal individuals or patients with nonepithelial neoplasms involving
      the bone marrow. We have shown that the technique described here can detect
      occult metastases in bone marrow and that the presence of extrinsic cells
      correlates with some established predictors of prognosis. Long-term clinical
      correlative follow-up studies are now underway.

PMID- 3364619
TI  - Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph nodes. A distinctive pattern of nodal reaction.
AB  - We report seven cases of a previously undescribed, distinctive pattern of nodal
      reaction resembling inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the lung and other organs.
      The four men and three women in the series ranged in age from 16 to 62 years
      (median, 33). All patients presented with prominent lymphadenopathy.
      Constitutional symptoms were present in five patients, and laboratory
      abnormalities (especially elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, or
      hypergammaglobulinemia) in four. All patients recovered (two without treatment)
      and are alive and well 7-40 months (median, 23) after presentation.
      Histologically, the process mainly involved the connective tissue framework of
      the node (hilum, trabeculae, capsule), secondarily spreading into the lymphoid
      tissue proper and the perinodal soft tissue. It was characterized by a storiform
      growth pattern, marked vascularity with associated vascular lesions, and a
      polymorphous reactive cellular infiltrate in a collagen-rich stroma. The
      differential diagnosis included other reactive processes (Castleman's disease,
      drug lymphadenopathies), malignant lymphoma (Hodgkin's, peripheral T-cell),
      histiocytic or reticulum cell lymphomas, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Some
      features of this process appear to be the result of an "acute phase" response;
      others might be accounted for by a specific target of the initial insult or
      alterations in the regulation of the inflammatory response to it, rather than by
      any specific etiologic agent.

PMID- 3364621
TI  - Spleen in the scrotum.

PMID- 3364620
TI  - Necrotic pseudoxanthomatous nodules of ovary and peritoneum in endometriosis.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of four unusual cases of pelvic
      endometriosis are described. The patients, who were between the ages of 40 and 72
      years, underwent operations for uterine leiomyomas in two cases, endometrial
      adenocarcinoma in a third case, and an enlarging abdominal mass in a fourth case.
      In three patients, two of whom had enlargement of one or both ovaries, multiple
      nodules were either attached to the peritoneum (two cases) or lay free in the
      peritoneal cavity (one case). In one of these cases, the intraoperative findings
      mimicked metastatic carcinoma. Histological examination of the peritoneal
      lesions, as well as the ovaries in all the cases, revealed granulomatous nodules
      composed of a central focus of necrotic tissue surrounded by histiocytes
      (pseudoxanthoma cells), hyalinized connective tissue, or both. Endometriotic
      glands and stroma were typically absent in the nodules and their immediate
      vicinity. Foci of recognizable endometriosis, however, were found in the ovaries
      in all the cases. In one of the ovaries, several necrotic nodules lined an
      endometriotic cyst; in another, a focus had an appearance transitional between
      endometriosis and a necrotic nodule. These necrotic pseudoxanthomatous nodules
      are a previously undescribed manifestation of endometriosis; they occur
      characteristically in older women. On histologic examination, they should be
      distinguished from other necrotic peritoneal and ovarian granulomas, as well as
      necrotic tumor.

PMID- 3364622
TI  - In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy in children. A comparison between total IgE,
      conventional RAST and a new multi RAST (Phadiatop).
AB  - A new multi RAST (Phadiatop) was compared with conventional RAST and total IgE
      determination (PRIST) for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy in children.
      Serum specimens were tested from 100 children with a suspected IgE-mediated
      allergy, restricted to the eyes and/or the respiratory tract, to inhalant
      allergens. Compared with a RAST panel of 12 allergens representing seven groups,
      the new multi RAST showed a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% with a
      predictive value for positive test of 100% and for negative test of 91%.
      Corresponding figures for total IgE elevated greater than 2 SD above mean
      determined with PRIST were 47%, 88% 84% and 56% respectively. We conclude that
      multi RAST might be a good adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of IgE-mediated
      allergy to inhalant allergens.

PMID- 3364623
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity assessed by skin testing (Multitest). II: Correlation
      between responses from arm and back.
AB  - In 60 healthy adult volunteers and 58 patients with gastrointestinal disease a
      test system (Multitest) consisting of a plastic disposable multiple-puncture
      device capable of simultaneously applying seven delayed-type hypersensitivity
      antigens and a glycerin/saline diluent (negative control) was assessed. The
      Multitest device was applied on both the inner side of the forearm and on the
      back for assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The antigens used were two
      toxoids, tetanus and diphtheria, three bacterial antigens, Streptococcus,
      tuberculin and Proteus and two fungal antigens, Candida and Trichophyton. A
      scoring system based on both number and size of positive response revealed a
      median "score" on arm and back of 19 mm and 14 mm respectively, in the healthy
      volunteers and a median "score" of 12 mm and 8 mm respectively in patients with
      gastrointestinal disease. In both groups a significant difference was found
      between back and arm (P less than 0.01). The coefficient of determination (r2)
      shows that only 64% of the variability in scores on the back is explained by the
      regression line. Therefore, scores obtained from tests on the back cannot be
      interpreted with reference to normal values originating from tests applied to the
      inner side of the forearm.

PMID- 3364624
TI  - Variations in histamine concentration in nasal secretion in patients with
      allergic rhinitis.
AB  - The histamine concentration and content in nasal secretion and the volume of
      nasal secretion in nasal washing samples were measured under different conditions
      in 28 patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to birch pollen. The mean
      histamine concentration was significantly lower after intranasal birch pollen
      challenge (2.08 micrograms/ml) than in prechallenge samples (6.96 micrograms/ml),
      and was also significantly lower in untreated patients during the birch pollen
      season (2.30 micrograms/ml) than off-season (7.18 micrograms/ml). The same
      relationship was found between the histamine content of the secretion samples
      obtained on these occasions. The mean secretion volume was greater after than
      before challenge, but not significantly higher during the season than off-season.
      A partial reversion of the changes in histamine concentration and content that
      occurred during the season was observed during intranasal corticosteroid therapy.
      The concentration and content of histamine in nasal secretion from symptomatic
      patients after intranasal histamine challenge did not differ significantly from
      those in asymptomatic subjects before challenge. It was concluded that although
      the histamine level in nasal secretion can be used as a marker of changes in the
      severity of allergic rhinitis, it is not ideal for this purpose.

PMID- 3364625
TI  - Positive skin tests to aero-allergens and month of birth.
AB  - The month of birth distribution for 1301 French patients born between 1953 and
      1975 with at least one positive skin test was compared to that of the whole
      population. A chi-square test was performed, and the expected birth month
      distribution of the groups calculated from the INSEE* data for 1953-1975. All
      patients underwent skin testing with house dust, Dermatophagoides pternyssinus
      (Dpt), cat and dog allergens, grass, tree and weed pollens, and moulds. The only
      study criterion was a positive skin test unrelated to any specific disorder. A
      significant difference in month of birth distribution was observed 1) for
      patients with positive skin test to grass pollen, with a high rate of births from
      January to May, and 2) for patients with mould sensitization, with a low rate of
      births in April, May and December. Tree and weed pollens, house dust and Dpt
      showed no significant relation with month of birth. For cat and dog allergens,
      the observed and expected distributions of birth month were similar. For the
      whole sensitized population the birth rate tended to be low in December except
      for the cat and dog sensitized. Our study confirms the well-known seasonal peak
      of births in the first 5 months of the year for grass pollen sensitized patients.
      No consistent monthly or seasonal tendency could be statistically demonstrated
      for other allergens except moulds.

PMID- 3364626
TI  - Serum IgE in non-atopic adults and in dermatitis patients.
AB  - Total serum IgE was determined with the PRIST technique, and specific reaginic
      antibodies against 10 allergens were measured in 163 healthy adults with no
      personal or family history of symptoms indicative of atopy (Group A). 103 non
      atopic adults with a family history of atopic diseases were similarly
      investigated (Group B). When all subjects who at the second interview presented
      with a history of atopic symptoms and those with positive RAST results were
      excluded, the geometric mean serum IgE value for Group A was 14.5 (SD = 2) - 94.4
      U/ml and for Group B 14.4 (SD = 2) - 130.2 U/ml. There was no significant
      difference in the IgE values between men and women. Subjects under 40 years of
      age had significantly higher IgE values than subjects over 40 years. In the
      series of 276 dermatitis patients the geometric mean IgE value for the men was
      significantly higher (46.8) than for the women (28.8 U/ml). There was a highly
      significant difference in the mean serum IgE levels between the patients with a
      personal history of atopic diseases and the other patients. Patients with present
      atopic disease had significantly higher mean IgE values than those with past
      atopic disease while no significant difference was discernible in the mean IgE
      levels between the non-atopic patients from atopic families and those with no
      personal and family atopy. Three years later, total serum IgE was controlled in
      subjects with initial IgE levels greater than 100 U/ml. During this time, eight
      subjects had developed an atopic disease. In most cases, there were only slight
      variations in the IgE values.

PMID- 3364627
TI  - Clinical comparison of systemic methylprednisolone acetate versus topical
      budesonide in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
AB  - Thirty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis entered a double blind study
      comparing budesonide (nasal spray, 400 micrograms/d) and i.m. injection of 80 mg
      methylprednisolone acetate. Symptoms were assessed over a "run in" period of 3-7
      days followed by a treatment period of 3 weeks. Pollen counts were evaluated
      daily. Both the systemic and topical corticosteroid treatment resulted in a
      significant improvement of nasal and ocular symptoms and were accompanied by
      reduced antihistamine intake. A comparison of the two treatments in relation to
      the pollen count yielded statistically significantly fewer nasal symptoms, such
      as itching, secretion, and sneezing in the budesonide-treated group. Nasal
      blockage and ocular symptoms remained unchanged, but the use of eyedrops was
      significantly reduced in the methylprednisolone-treated group. Side effects of
      both treatments were mild and the incidence negligible. Methylprednisolone
      treated patients had a significantly lower cortisol value after 7 days but still
      had a normal response to ACTH-stimulation. We conclude that the acute symptoms of
      allergic rhinitis are at least as well ameliorated by regular topical application
      of budesonide as by a single injection of methylprednisolone acetate. The
      accompanying allergic conjunctivitis may require additional treatment.

PMID- 3364628
TI  - [Current status and future perspectives of pain therapy].

PMID- 3364629
TI  - [Post-traumatic imbalances of plasma amino acids--interference factors or defense
      mechanisms? A study of protein metabolism in severe craniocerebral trauma].
AB  - This prospective study examined 44 patients with severe brain injury (33
      survivors, 11 non-survivors), in order to clarify the question whether plasma
      amino acid deviations should definitively be considered detrimental or if this
      process might be part of a defense mechanism. Over an 8 day follow-up period the
      nitrogen balance, urea production, creatinine and 3-methyl-histidine excretion,
      as well as the plasma aminogram were determined. The survivors as the less
      traumatized group were compared to the non-survivors with higher-grad injuries.
      Most parameters showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. However,
      the non-survivors did reveal higher nitrogen losses primarily mobilized from
      muscle tissue. As a reaction to trauma a deviation from normal limits was found
      for the amino acid concentration which might facilitate to withstand the stress
      of injury. In contrast to the non-survivors, the survivors showed a much more
      increase of the total amino acid concentration as well as the concentrations of
      arginine, methionine and proline. It is concluded that these increases outside of
      normal limits must be a defense mechanism and therefore are not to be forced to
      the so-called normal values in the early posttraumatic period.

PMID- 3364631
TI  - [Successful resuscitation in near-drowning with reference to special
      complications in recovery from great depth].
AB  - A case of near drowning of a 37-year-old female in cold sea water is reported.
      She was rescued after 30 minutes from a depth of 11 meters and resuscitation was
      successful. The case is to demonstrate that successful resuscitation is possible
      in adults even after such a long period of cold water immersion adequate rescue
      and treatment assumed. But if fast decompression during rescue from great depths
      occurs, one has to be aware of typical complications (air embolism, barotrauma).

PMID- 3364630
TI  - [Water-electrolyte balance and kidney function for 3 weeks following severe
      trauma].
AB  - A study on water-electrolyte metabolism and renal function was performed in 32
      patients (mainly young to middle-aged males) over three weeks after severe
      accidental trauma (mainly brain trauma), who did not suffer from acute renal
      failure. With a mean water input of 4 l/day the difference of water input and
      urine volume was positive over the whole observation time. Patients had a mean
      osmolar excretion of 1800 mosm/day which was twice normal and was mainly caused
      by a high urea excretion. They were almost invariably in the state of
      antidiuresis and achieved unusually high values for negative free-water clearance
      around 2 ml/min. This, however, was adequate in terms of normotonicity of body
      water. Cumulated sodium balance over 21 days was negative and, on the average,
      amounted to minus 440 mmol. The median value for creatinine clearance was in the
      range of predicted normal (156 ml/min.) between day 5 and 10 and a little less
      before and thereafter. We frequently observed an elevation of creatinine
      clearance to 120-150% of normal. Renal clearance of urea was around 100 ml/min.
      during the phase of maximal protein catabolism. Therefore the reasonable
      increases in urea production up to a mean of 60 g/day resulted only in moderately
      elevated levels of plasma urea (40-50 mg/100 ml). In 14 patients we performed a
      total of 83 measurements of plasma volume (Evans-Blue). In patients with intact
      renal function mean plasma volume amounted to 110% normal. This, in combination
      with a reduced red all volume on the average, resulted in mild hypovolaemia
      (blood volume about 90% of predicted normal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364632
TI  - [Pathogen spectrum in suppurative meningitis with special reference to a patient
      sample].
AB  - In a five years period (1982 till 1986) the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and
      fungi in acute meningitis was analysed. The appearance, spreading and suspected
      spectrum of pathogens have to be followed by special aspects considering
      effective therapeutic proceedings. 361 out of 392 positive cerebrospinal fluids
      (92.1%) were derived from only 3 (neurosurgical, neurological and pediatric
      department) out of 14 possible departments. Whereas in the pediatric department
      the classical pathogens of acute meningitis predominated, the patients in the
      neurosurgical department mainly showed nosocomial infections. There has to be
      considered the accidental infection, especially in the severely ill patients of
      the neurosurgical intensive care unit, which favours highly resistant pathogens.
      Furthermore, to initiate an infection, the pathogenicity of nosocomial
      microorganisms is not required to be high. The correlation of clinical signs and
      the proof of pathogens showed that often so called contaminants could be of
      higher value to be the infectious agent as assumed. Nevertheless, there seemed to
      be a regression of acute meningitis due to better diagnostic and therapeutic
      proceedings.

PMID- 3364633
TI  - [Risk assessment and preliminary treatment in patients with esophageal cancer].
AB  - In 36 patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma of the oesophagus (21 patients
      subjected to blunt mediastinal dissection, 15 to thoracotomy) the preoperative
      status was determined by means of cardiopulmonary stepwise diagnosis and an
      individually adapted concomitant therapy was performed. A scheme for preoperative
      risk assessment which is equally important for both methods was evolved from the
      postoperative changes of VC, FEV1 and the preoperative values for RV/TLC,
      FEV1/VC, paO2 and paCO2 after retrospective analysis of the individual
      complication rates (60% cardiopulmonary). The 30-day lethality was 11%.

PMID- 3364634
TI  - Bladder temperature as an estimate of body temperature during cardiopulmonary
      bypass.
AB  - Bladder temperature measured by a thermistor-tipped urinary catheter, was
      compared to oesophageal, nasopharyngeal, rectal and cutaneous temperatures in 33
      patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. The bladder site was warmer than all
      other monitored sites in the pre-bypass period and showed least variation in
      temperature. The rate of change of bladder temperature during cooling and
      rewarming on bypass was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than for
      oesophageal and nasopharyngeal temperatures, but was greater than or similar to
      the rate of change of rectal and cutaneous temperatures. This method of
      temperature measurement was found to be satisfactory during major surgery and
      also during the postoperative period in the intensive care unit.

PMID- 3364635
TI  - Prolonged anaesthesia with isoflurane and halothane. Effects on hepatic function.
AB  - Hepatic function was assessed pre-operatively and on the first and sixth
      postoperative days in 40 healthy patients who underwent prolonged maxillofacial
      surgery with isoflurane or halothane anaesthesia. No major changes were observed
      in hepatic enzymes or bilirubin. One-stage prothrombin time and Factor VII
      concentrations decreased on the first postoperative day and this change was more
      pronounced in the halothane group. The results support the use of isoflurane
      rather than halothane for prolonged anaesthesia in respect of the synthesising
      function of the liver.

PMID- 3364636
TI  - A comparison of nalbuphine with fentanyl for postoperative pain relief following
      termination of pregnancy under day care anaesthesia.
AB  - A double-blind investigation was undertaken to compare the efficacy of nalbuphine
      and fentanyl in the prevention of pain after day case termination of pregnancy.
      Forty patients were allocated randomly to receive nalbuphine 0.25 mg/kg or
      fentanyl 1.5 micrograms/kg immediately before induction of anaesthesia. The
      patients completed scores for pain and nausea, and performed a reaction time test
      to assess recovery. An observer assessed patient appearance at 1, 2 and 4 hours
      postoperatively. Patients who received nalbuphine had significantly lower pain
      scores at 1 hour (p less than 0.01) and 2 hours (p less than 0.05) and required
      significantly (p less than 0.05) less postoperative analgesia. No significant
      differences were found between the groups for incidence of nausea or for observer
      assessment of appearance. There was some evidence of psychomotor impairment at 2
      hours in the nalbuphine group. Freedom from Controlled Drug Act regulations and
      improved analgesia with nalbuphine, render it more satisfactory for day case
      surgery than the more commonly used fentanyl.

PMID- 3364637
TI  - Myocardial infarction in the third trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - A 30-year-old woman developed severe chest pain while out shopping and was
      admitted to the delivery suite. She was 38 weeks pregnant with her second child.
      A diagnosis of myocardial infarction was made and cardiac arrest occurred shortly
      afterwards. She went into spontaneous labour 30 hours later and was delivered
      vaginally. This report reviews myocardial infarction in pregnancy and considers
      the clinical management of this patient.

PMID- 3364638
TI  - Injury to the axillary nerve.
AB  - A case is described of a 32-year-old woman who showed signs of injury to the left
      axillary nerve after lumbar spine surgery. This rare complication is reviewed and
      the possible mechanisms of injury are discussed.

PMID- 3364639
TI  - Epidural fentanyl and monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
AB  - The successful use of continuous epidural fentanyl infusion to control
      postoperative pain in a patient treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors is
      described. The use of epidural opioids may be a safe technique for the management
      of such patients.

PMID- 3364640
TI  - Fatal paradoxical thrombo-embolism during anaesthesia.
AB  - Deep venous thrombosis is a recognised complication of trauma to the leg and may
      lead to pulmonary thrombo-embolism, but paradoxical thrombo-embolism is rare. A
      case of fatal paradoxical thrombo-embolism which followed a leg injury in a
      previously fit 36-year-old male is presented and contributory factors are
      reviewed.

PMID- 3364641
TI  - HELLP syndrome and the anaesthetist.
AB  - Four pregnant patients are described who had varying signs of pre-eclampsia plus
      haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and a low platelet count. Two of the patients
      presented without hypertension and all posed considerable diagnostic
      difficulties, with problems in clinical management. Pregnancy induced
      hypertension is only one manifestation of a much more diverse pathophysiological
      process. Anaesthetists need to be aware of these other pregnancy related
      disorders in order to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and to enable them to provide
      safely the appropriate general and regional anaesthetic techniques.

PMID- 3364643
TI  - The accuracy of pulse oximeters. A comparative clinical evaluation of five pulse
      oximeters.
AB  - The accuracy of five commercially available pulse oximeters was compared against
      arterial blood oxygen saturation, under similar clinical conditions. The
      oximeters had very similar performance in the clinically useful range of 80-100%,
      with a tendency slightly to underestimate the true saturation.

PMID- 3364642
TI  - Pneumonectomy in a patient with ventricular septal defect.
AB  - A young man with severe unilateral bronchiectasis and a ventricular septal defect
      presented for pneumonectomy. Intra-operative monitoring, which included
      continuous measurement of systemic and pulmonary oxygen saturations by oximetry,
      revealed transient reversal of the intracardiac shunt across the defect. The
      implications of this combination of cardiac and pulmonary disease for anaesthetic
      management are discussed.

PMID- 3364644
TI  - Measurement of FEV1 and FVC. Comparison of a pocket spirometer with the
      Vitalograph.
AB  - The performance of a pocket spirometer was compared with that of the Vitalograph
      to assess the extent of agreement between the instruments and the repeatability
      of measurements with each instrument. Both instruments showed a similar level of
      accuracy when measurements were repeated and in the estimation of forced vital
      capacity, but there was a mean difference of 201 ml in measurements of forced
      expiratory volume in one second, for which the Vitalograph gave the larger
      reading.

PMID- 3364645
TI  - An additional tactile test. Further developments in tactile tests to confirm
      laryngeal placement of tracheal tubes.
AB  - An additional clinical test to confirm laryngeal placement of tracheal tubes is
      described. Using the new test, placement was confirmed in all of 50 patients
      studied in whom difficulty would have been anticipated using previously described
      tactile tests (male patients with lower molar teeth). Two anaesthetists with
      small hands averaged 98% confirmations in two series each of 100 consecutive
      unselected intubations. A simple modification of the tests enables their
      application after nasotracheal intubation; even with small hands, a confirmation
      rate of 96% in 50 consecutive cases was found. The three tactile tests are
      reviewed and analysed. In the authors' combined experience of 14 cases of
      difficult laryngoscopy the tests gave reliable confirmation in 12 patients.
      Familiarity with these tests is stressed to be important for their reliable
      implementation.

PMID- 3364646
TI  - Tracheal intubation in the presence of an unstable cervical spine.

PMID- 3364647
TI  - Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.

PMID- 3364648
TI  - Bronchospasm after neostigmine.

PMID- 3364649
TI  - The lightwand as an atraumatic alternative to blind stylet intubation.

PMID- 3364650
TI  - A complication of ilio-inguinal block for inguinal hernia repair.

PMID- 3364651
TI  - Extradural blood patch after an intradural injection.

PMID- 3364652
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions to prilocaine.

PMID- 3364653
TI  - Adrenaline and anaphylaxis.

PMID- 3364654
TI  - Intrapleural injection.

PMID- 3364655
TI  - Cardiac pacemakers and cardioplegia.

PMID- 3364656
TI  - A simple double lumen adapter for differential lung ventilation.

PMID- 3364657
TI  - Resistance to suxamethonium.

PMID- 3364658
TI  - Anaemia and Jehovah's Witness.

PMID- 3364659
TI  - Hypotension after guanethidine block.

PMID- 3364660
TI  - An unusual case of upper airways obstruction.

PMID- 3364661
TI  - Unrecognised dural punctures.

PMID- 3364662
TI  - Tracheal tubes for neuroanaesthesia.

PMID- 3364663
TI  - Kinking of the pilot tube.

PMID- 3364664
TI  - [Relation of hypoxia and edema of the intestinal wall and skin to colloid osmotic
      pressure].
AB  - Whereas the impact of colloids and crystalloids on hypoxia and edema has been
      extensively debated with respect to pulmonary function, their corresponding
      effects on the systemic circulation have been largely ignored. Manifest edema of
      the intestine and skin develops, however, when the serum colloid osmotic pressure
      (COP) is lowered to 15 mm Hg or less by crystalloid infusions. Hypoxia of wounds,
      which may be aggravated by crystalloids, impairs healing and antibacterial
      defense, and its has been speculated that edema and/or hypoxia of the intestine
      may be associated with postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction. We therefore
      studies the relationship between lowering and restoration of the COP, the pO2 of
      the intestinal surface and skin, and tissue edema. We generated an acute
      hypoproteinemic fluid overload reducing the COP from around 20 to 10 mm Hg in 56
      rabbits by means of a 50% plasma loss and excess replacement with Ringer's
      lactate. We measured the COP with a membrane having a cut-off level of 20,000 d,
      the cardiac output (with derivation of further hemodynamic data) with an
      electromagnetic flow probe around the ascending aorta, and the tissue pO2 (pO2t)
      in mm Hg with the Dortmund 8-channel surface electrode. After 30 min without
      infusion (Fig. 1), we assigned 14 animals each at random to 4 treatment groups:
      (1) no treatment (O); (2) 20% albumin 7.5 ml/kg (A); (3) furosemide 2 mg/kg i.v.
      given three times at 30-min intervals (F); and (4) the combination of both agents
      (AF). During the infusion-free interval, the cardiac output and pO2t fell by 20%
      30% of baseline (Table 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364665
TI  - [Postoperative on-demand analgesia with buprenorphine].
AB  - Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was studied during the early postoperative
      period. Subjects were 40 ASA I-III patients recovering from elective major and
      minor surgery. Buprenorphine doses of 40 micrograms each were available whenever
      the patients felt pain relief necessary, and were delivered by a microprocessor
      controlled injection pump (On-Demand Analgesia Computer). The hourly maximum dose
      was set at 320 micrograms with a lockout time of 1 minute. A continuous low-dose
      buprenorphine infusion (5 micrograms/h) was additionally administered in order to
      prevent catheter obstruction. The duration of the PCA period was 16.9 +/- 5.1 h
      (mean +/- SD). During this time, 16.1 +/- 11.3 demands per patient were recorded
      resulting in individual buprenorphine consumptions of 0.63 +/- 0.59
      micrograms/kg/h. More buprenorphine was needed following abdominal surgery
      compared with orthopedic patients, although pain relief was found slightly less
      in the former group. Buprenorphine consumption was significantly higher in female
      than in male patients. Overall efficacy and patient acceptance proved to be
      excellent. The effectiveness of PCA was judged superior by about 93% of patients
      when compared with previously experienced postoperative analgesia. Side-effects
      (sweating, nausea, emesis) occurred in about 10% of cases but were usually of
      minor intensity. No circulatory or respiratory problems were observed during the
      PCA period.

PMID- 3364666
TI  - [Postoperative treatment of phantom pain and causalgias with calcitonin].
AB  - Results of IV calcitonin treatment in patients suffering from postoperative
      phantom limb pain (n = 12) or causalgia following peripheral nerve lesions (n =
      4) are reported. All patients were complained of severe pain after a traumatic
      event or amputation, with disturbed sleep in many cases. After only 1-2 infusions
      10 patients with phantom limb pain (83%) were discharged from hospital pain-free.
      Pain was effectively reduced by up to 5 infusions in 2 patients (17%). A follow
      up for maximally 24 months showed a recurrence of pain in only 4 patients with
      obvious stump problems or reamputations. Three patients with causalgia also
      profited from a remarkable but transitory pain reduction; in 1 patient therapy
      was ineffective. Recurrent pain due to causalgia could not be improved by
      repeated calcitonin infusion, although this was effective for phantom limb pain.
      The administration of calcitonin IV can be recommended as a valuable treatment
      for phantom limb pain and causalgias in the early postoperative period. Therapy
      was effective with negligible side-effects, and long-term follow-up revealed a
      long-lasting effect.

PMID- 3364669
TI  - Critical incident reporting in anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364668
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary hemodynamics, gas exchange and extravascular lung fluid in
      esophageal resection].
AB  - Postoperative convalescence after esophagectomy is frequently complicated by
      pulmonary insufficiency and a high mortality rate. The literature and our own
      observations suggest that pathological changes actually begin during the
      operative procedure; we therefore studied 11 male patients during and after
      esophageal surgery by monitoring heart rate, systemic and pulmonary arterial
      pressures, cardiac output, extravascular lung water (EVLW), cardiac index, and
      systemic (TPR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Blood samples were taken
      for analysis of epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and arterial and mixed
      venous blood gases. The changes were found to be most marked during esophageal
      resection: PaO2 decreased from 217 to 147 mmHg while PaCO2 increased, i.e.
      pulmonary gas exchange was disturbed (Fig. 4). PVR (Fig. 3) and mean pulmonary
      arterial pressure (MPAP) (Fig. 2) increased after esophagectomy. Norepinephrine,
      but not epinephrine (Fig. 6), increased continuously until the end of the
      operation. EVLW was slightly elevated at approximately 9 ml/kg body weight before
      operation and did not change during surgery. Six patients who developed severe
      pulmonary complications showed lung water retention up to 18 ml/kg body weight on
      the 4th postoperative day (Fig. 5). Compression of the heart and lungs as well as
      injury of the vagus nerve during esophagectomy may provoke increased MPAP, PVR,
      and disorders of pulmonary gas exchange. Furthermore, the non-respiratory
      function of the lung must be taken into consideration: the lung is known to have
      clearance activities for various endogenous substances such as norepinephrine,
      serotonin, some prostaglandins, and bradykinin. Most of these substances may
      provoke vasoconstriction followed by disturbances of microvascular permeability
      and gas exchange in the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364667
TI  - [Plasma cortisol in experimental anesthesia with halothane, enflurane, isoflurane
      and nitrous oxide].
AB  - The influence of anesthesia on plasma cortisol has most often been studied in
      connection with routine operations. To investigate the specific effects of modern
      inhalation anesthetics more accurately, we examined the specific effects of four
      inhalation anesthetics on human plasma cortisol during volunteer studies on the
      influence of anesthetics on the electroencephalogramm. METHODS. A group of 17 (10
      m, 7 f) young healthy volunteers who had not received any premedication and were
      not intubated were studied after informed consent had been obtained. In the first
      series of experiments the concentration of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane or
      N2O was increased to MAC (minimal alveolar concentration) 0.5 for a 15-min steady
      state period. Blood samples were taken 5 min prior to induction (I), 35 min after
      induction, on steady-state MAC 0.5 (II), and 15 (III) and 35 (IV) min after the
      end of anesthesia. In a second series, with 5 subjects, the concentration of
      halothane, enflurane or isoflurane was first increased to a steady state of MAC
      1.0. After reduction to MAC 0.5 steady-state, anesthesia was supplemented with
      53% N2O to give a steady state of MAC 1.0 again. Blood samples were taken 5 min
      prior to induction (I), after the attainment of steady-state MAC 1.0 (II), 35 min
      later at MAC 0.5 (III), 40 min later at MAC 1.0 with volatile anesthetic/N2O
      (IV), and 15 (V) and 35 (VI) min after the end of anesthesia. RESULTS. MAC 0.5
      N2O produced a marked rise in mean plasma cortisol, from 64.2 micrograms/l to
      164.5 micrograms/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364670
TI  - A prospective survey of anaesthetic critical events. A report on a pilot study of
      88 cases.

PMID- 3364671
TI  - Monitoring and patient safety: an overview.

PMID- 3364672
TI  - Minimal monitoring standards.

PMID- 3364673
TI  - The Australian Patient Safety Foundation.

PMID- 3364674
TI  - Intrapleural infusion of bupivacaine.

PMID- 3364675
TI  - A modified Allen's test using a pulse oxymeter.

PMID- 3364676
TI  - Rational use of serum albumin and stable plasma protein solution.

PMID- 3364677
TI  - Blood patch in a Jehovah's Witness.

PMID- 3364678
TI  - Left atrial myxoma and general anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364679
TI  - Dental damage during anaesthesia and surgery.

PMID- 3364681
TI  - The Therapeutic Device Evaluation Committee.

PMID- 3364680
TI  - Oxygen needle valve obstruction.

PMID- 3364682
TI  - Assessment and evaluation of devices: an analysis of organisations providing
      information of comparative evaluation studies.

PMID- 3364683
TI  - Selecting and purchasing clinical equipment.

PMID- 3364684
TI  - Hospital acceptance checking, maintenance, calibration and documentation of
      electromedical devices.

PMID- 3364685
TI  - Minimum requirements for anaesthesia with respect to checking the patient,
      medical tests and work-up.

PMID- 3364686
TI  - The anaesthetic record--an essential monitor.

PMID- 3364687
TI  - Monitoring supplies of compressed gas and electricity for anaesthesia and
      intensive care.

PMID- 3364688
TI  - Checking the anaesthetic machine, drugs, and monitoring devices.

PMID- 3364689
TI  - Anaesthetic gas analysers for vaporiser calibration, patient circuit monitoring
      and determination of environmental waste anaesthetic gas levels.

PMID- 3364690
TI  - Monitoring and controlling temperature.

PMID- 3364691
TI  - The role of the anaesthetist in patient monitoring.

PMID- 3364692
TI  - Monitoring and patient safety.

PMID- 3364693
TI  - Systemic arterial blood pressure.

PMID- 3364694
TI  - Electrocardiographic monitoring in anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364695
TI  - Monitoring depth of anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364696
TI  - Ergonomics and monitoring.

PMID- 3364697
TI  - A microcomputer based system for the storage and display of physiological
      variables.

PMID- 3364699
TI  - Monitoring in private anaesthetic practice.

PMID- 3364698
TI  - Anaesthetic monitoring in a teaching hospital.

PMID- 3364700
TI  - Crisis management.

PMID- 3364701
TI  - The New Zealand scene: implications of no fault accident compensation.

PMID- 3364702
TI  - Monitoring morbidity.

PMID- 3364703
TI  - Mortality reporting.

PMID- 3364704
TI  - Mortality audit in a large teaching hospital.

PMID- 3364705
TI  - Incident reporting in anaesthesia.

PMID- 3364706
TI  - Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of glycosphingolipids extracted from thin
      layer chromatography plates.
AB  - A method is described for analysis of glycosphingolipids extracted from thin
      layer chromatography plates. Mixtures of glycolipids and gangliosides were
      separated by thin-layer chromatography and the individual bands were eluted,
      permethylated, and, after purification, analyzed by fast atom bombardment-mass
      spectrometry. The glycosphingolipids could be characterized from their fast atom
      bombardment mass spectra in terms of partial monosaccharide sequence, ceramide
      composition, and molecular weight. The sensitivity of the method allows
      characterization of 1-5 micrograms of glycosphingolipid.

PMID- 3364707
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of penicillins by postcolumn alkaline
      degradation using a hollow-fiber membrane reactor.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a hollow-fiber membrane
      reactor is described for the determination of penicillins. This method involves
      separation of penicillins on a C18 column, postcolumn reaction with sodium
      hydroxide and mercury (II) chloride introduced into the main flow stream using
      sulfonated hollow-fiber membrane reactors immersed in each solution (4 M sodium
      hydroxide and 3 X 10(-2) M mercury (II) chloride plus 10(-2) M nitric acid), and
      detection at 290 nm based on the uv absorbance of the degradation products. At
      penicillin concentrations of 5 micrograms/ml, within- and between-run precisions
      (relative standard deviation) were 0.24-2.39 and 1.19-4.13%, respectively. The
      detection limits of the proposed method were 1-5 ng at a signal-to-noise ratio of
      3. The method was applied to assays of ampicillin and its metabolites in human
      serum and urine.

PMID- 3364708
TI  - A simple apparatus for controlling nucleation and size in protein crystal growth.
AB  - A simple device is described for controlling vapor equilibrium in macromolecular
      crystallization as applied to the protein crystal growth technique commonly
      referred to as the "hanging drop" method. Crystal growth experiments with hen egg
      white lysozyme have demonstrated control of the nucleation rate. Nucleation rate
      and final crystal size have been found to be highly dependent upon the rate at
      which critical supersaturation is approached. Slower approaches show a marked
      decrease in the nucleation rate and an increase in crystal size.

PMID- 3364709
TI  - Evaluation of the binding of Acanthamoeba profilin to pyrene-labeled actin by
      fluorescence enhancement.
AB  - We have used a fluorescence assay to measure the binding of Acanthamoeba profilin
      to monomeric Acanthamoeba and rabbit skeletal muscle actin labeled on cysteine
      374 with pyrene iodoacetamide. The wavelengths of the pyrene excitation and
      emission maxima are constant at 346 and 386 nm, but the fluorescence is enhanced
      up to 50% by profilin. The higher fluorescence is largely due to higher
      absorbance in the presence of profilin. The fluorescence enhancement has a
      hyperbolic dependence on the concentration of profilin, suggesting a single class
      of binding sites. Linear Scatchard plots yield an estimate of the dissociation
      constant, Kd, of the complex of profilin with pyrenyl-actin. In low-ionic
      strength buffers with 2 to 6 mM imidazole (pH 7.0) and 0.1 mM CaCl2 the Kd is 9
      microM for both muscle and Acanthamoeba actin. In 50 mM KCl the Kd for the
      complex with Acanthamoeba actin is 16 microM, while the Kd for the complex with
      muscle actin is greater than 50 microM.

PMID- 3364710
TI  - Continuous-flow fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of permethylated
      oligosaccharides: a comparative study of direct mixture analysis with packed
      capillary column liquid chromatography-fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Conventional positive fast atom bombardment (FAB) and continuous-flow FAB
      analysis were carried out with permethylated lacto-N-tetraose. This latter
      method, a new approach, has been used to analyze a mixture of permethylated
      oligosaccharides by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with a packed
      capillary fused-silica column and the continuous-flow probe as interface. Under
      these conditions, we found the continuous-flow probe to be superior to the
      conventional probe because its low matrix level increased the signal-to-noise
      ratio. The analysis of the mixture of permethylated oligosaccharide alditols
      obtained from hen ovomucoid by LC-MS using the continuous-flow probe as interface
      is described.

PMID- 3364711
TI  - Comprehensive analysis of collagen metabolism in vitro using [4(3H)]/[14C]proline
      dual-labeling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - A method to simultaneously quantify the production, secretion, and prolyl
      hydroxylation of individual types of collagen in cell culture samples has been
      developed. Collagens were biosynthetically labeled with a mixture of [14C]proline
      and [4-3H]proline. The labeled collagens were isolated and their component alpha
      chains were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Migration of the collagen alpha-chains was determined by
      fluorography, and radioactivity in excised bands was quantified by scintillation
      counting. [14C]Proline labeling of collagen chains was used to determine the
      production and secretion of the different types of collagen. The ratios of the
      component alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains of type I collagen were also
      determined in this way. Prolyl hydroxylation of collagen alpha-chains was readily
      determined by measurement of their 3H:14C ratios. Following 4-hydroxylation, 3H
      was lost from the [4-3H]proline with alteration of this ratio. This dual-labeling
      method is suitable for the comprehensive analysis of collagen metabolism in
      multiple samples.

PMID- 3364712
TI  - Analyses of intramolecular disulfide bonds in proteins by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis following two-step alkylation.
AB  - A method that makes use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was developed for
      the analysis of intramolecular disulfide bonds in proteins. Proteins with
      different numbers of cleaved disulfide bonds are alkylated with iodoacetic acid
      or iodoacetamide as the first step. The disulfide bonds remaining were reduced by
      excess dithiothreitol, and the newly generated free sulfhydryl groups were
      alkylated with the reagent not yet used (iodoacetamide, iodoacetic acid, or vinyl
      pyridine) as the second step. This treatment made it possible for lysozyme (Mr,
      14,000; 4 disulfides), the N-terminal half-molecule of conalbumin (Mr, 36,000; 6
      disulfides), the C-terminal half-molecule of conalbumin (Mr, 40,000; 9
      disulfides), and whole conalbumin (Mr, 78,000; 15 disulfides) to be separated by
      acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into distinct bands depending on the
      number of disulfide bonds cleaved. The method allowed us to determine the total
      number of disulfide bonds in native proteins and to assess the cleaved levels of
      disulfide bonds in partially reduced proteins. Two-step alkylation used in
      combination with radioautography was especially useful for the analysis of
      disulfide bonds in proteins synthesized in complex biological systems.

PMID- 3364713
TI  - Factors affecting the rates at which nucleotides bind to Dowex 1 resin.
AB  - The relative rates at which adenine nucleotides bind to Dowex 1 anion-exchange
      resin are determined by diffusion through the immobile fluid film surrounding the
      resin particles and thus are unaffected by how tightly the nucleotides bind. By
      using a fine resin and stirring efficiently, the time needed for equilibration
      can be reduced from 4 h to less than 3 min.

PMID- 3364714
TI  - Solid phase enzyme-linked competitive binding assay for riboflavin.
AB  - A new solid-phase enzyme-linked assay for riboflavin (vitamin B2) is described.
      The assay is based on the competition between analyte vitamin molecules and a
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-3-carboxymethylriboflavin conjugate for a
      limited number of riboflavin-binding protein sites immobilized on Sepharose
      particles. Significant improvements in conjugate catalytic activity and thus
      detectability are achieved by optimizing the reaction conditions used to
      covalently link 3-carboxymethylriboflavin to the enzyme. Optimization experiments
      include studying the effects of reaction pH and organic solvent composition.
      Final assay detection limits and the sensitivity of the dose-response curves are
      dependent on the ratio of conjugate to binding protein sites utilized in an
      equilibrium assay protocol. Selectivity of the method correlates well with that
      predicted based on the known association constants of riboflavin-binding protein
      with flavin analogs. The assay is shown to offer adequate detection limits and
      selectivity for direct measurement of riboflavin in urine, infant formula, and
      vitamin capsules.

PMID- 3364715
TI  - Heme oxygenase activity as measured by carbon monoxide production.
AB  - A method is described for the in vitro determination of heme oxygenase (HO)
      activity in animal tissue preparations through determination of carbon monoxide
      production. Tissue homogenates were centrifuged and the 13,000g supernatants were
      incubated in septum-sealed vials with methemalbumin in the presence and absence
      of NADPH at 37 degrees C for 15 min. The reaction was terminated by quick
      freezing to -78 degrees C and the amount of carbon monoxide released into the
      headspace was determined by gas chromatography with a reduction gas detector. The
      CO produced through mediation of NADPH is used as a measure of HO activity and is
      expressed as nanomoles of CO produced per hour per milligram protein. The method
      permits analysis of as little as 2 microliter normal rat tissue homogenate
      representing 0.4 mg liver tissue (approx 40 micrograms total protein). The assay
      rate is 10-15 duplicate samples per hour with a precision of 3% for sample (4.47
      +/- 0.13 SD nmol CO/h/mg protein) and 6% for blank reactions (0.59 +/- 0.10 nmol
      CO/h/mg protein) for 10 microliter liver supernatant. Various reaction parameters
      were studied. The method was used to compare HO activity in several tissue
      homogenates from normal rats and rats treated with COCl2.

PMID- 3364716
TI  - Preparative elution of proteins blotted to Immobilon membranes.
AB  - Conditions for the preparative elution of proteins from Immobilon membranes after
      transfer of proteins to this matrix from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gels have been established. Proteins were completely eluted from the membrane at
      room temperature by short incubation in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0, containing 2% SDS
      and 1% Triton X-100. Good protein recoveries were also obtained in the same
      buffer containing 1% Triton X-100 only. The efficiency of elution was practically
      independent of the molecular weight of proteins, the method allowed for the
      precise excision of protein bands, and the proteins eluted from the matrix were
      not degraded. In some cases it was possible to recover enzymatic activity of the
      eluted proteins.

PMID- 3364717
TI  - Applications of tandem microbore liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/electroblotting in microsequence analysis.
AB  - Protein isolation by microbore HPLC is compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)/electroblotting methods for several
      major proteins from rabbit muscle. Although single-mode HPLC or SDS
      PAGE/electroblotting provides excellent speed and sensitivity for submicrogram
      level protein purification, neither one alone has adequate resolution for
      separating such a complex protein mixture. Tandem procedures, utilizing two
      different modes of HPLC in separate steps or a combination of single HPLC
      separation and SDS-PAGE/electroblotting, offer the necessary versatility. One of
      the major concerns in this investigation was to evaluate electroblotting
      techniques for microsequencing. The Aebersold et al. procedure (R.H. Aebersold,
      D.B. Teplow, L.E. Hood, and S.B.H. Kent (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 4229-4238) was
      substantially modified and improved; the details of this work will be published
      elsewhere. These changes significantly improve repetitive yields at the low
      microgram level without producing high backgrounds. At lower levels the recovery
      of sequenceable protein currently limits our ability to obtain useful results.
      Starting with 250-750 micrograms of rabbit muscle crude extract, several proteins
      (15-70 kDa) were isolated by tandem microbore LC and PAGE/electroblotting for
      amino-terminal sequence analysis. It appears that the combination of
      electroblotting and microbore LC represents a powerful approach for microsample
      preparation.

PMID- 3364718
TI  - Analysis of oligosaccharides from heparin by reversed-phase ion-pairing high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An ion-pairing high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure was developed for
      analysis of mixtures of oligosaccharides generated by nitrous acid cleavage of
      heparin. Oligosaccharides were eluted from a Hi-Chrom 5S ODS (C18) column using
      mixtures of acetonitrile and buffers containing 40 mM ammonium phosphate and 1 mM
      tetrabutylammonium phosphate. Isocratic conditions were developed for optimal
      separation of a number of individual disaccharides and tetrasaccharides that were
      characterized previously (M.J. Bienkowski and H.E. Conrad (1985) J. Biol. Chem.
      260, 356-365). These isocratic conditions were then coupled to obtain gradient
      elution conditions for the ion-pairing separations of mixtures of disaccharides
      and mixtures of tetrasaccharides. A comparison of the elution profiles obtained
      in the ion-pairing chromatography procedure with profiles obtained by anion
      exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography profiles showed markedly better
      overall resolution by the ion-pairing procedure. As a result of this improved
      resolution, the new procedure showed the presence of previously unidentified
      products in the heparin oligosaccharide mixtures.

PMID- 3364719
TI  - Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of inositol
      phosphates.
AB  - The analysis of inositol phosphates by anion-exchange HPLC is described. The
      method employs a citrate buffer gradient to resolve several inositol phosphates
      including inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (IP2), and inositol
      1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), as well as some of the isomers of these compounds.
      Since the buffer system does not contain any phosphate, we can use a phosphate
      assay to examine the chromatographic behavior of phosphate-containing compounds.
      The method shows good resolution and recovery (greater than 95% for IP2 and IP3).
      Total analysis time, including reequilibration, is about 90 min. In addition, an
      isocratic system that can rapidly (less than 10 min) measure IP3 is described.
      The HPLC system was used to characterize inositol phosphate turnover in thrombin
      stimulated platelets and formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated HL-60
      cells.

PMID- 3364720
TI  - High-performance immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography of peptides:
      analytical separation of biologically active synthetic peptides.
AB  - The separation of more than 30 biologically active synthetic peptides and their
      analogs on a high-performance immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography
      column is described. The metal chelating gel (TSK gel chelate-5PW) contains
      iminodiacetic acid (IDA) covalently coupled to a hydrophilic, resin-based matrix
      with a bead diameter of 10 micron. The retention of the peptides on Cu(II),
      Ni(II), and Zn(II) ions immobilized on the chelating gel showed that some of them
      can be separated by isocratic elution while the majority of them are retained and
      are separated into distinct fractions by elution with a linear imidazole gradient
      or with a continuously decreasing pH gradient. Of the three immobilized metal
      ions investigated here, the IDA-Cu(II) chelate column gave the best resolution
      irrespective of the type of gradient used. This is amply illustrated by the
      resolution of angiotensins I and II and their seven synthetic analogs. The
      results obtained here serve as guidelines for the future exploitation of this
      separation method for the efficient fractionation of a wide variety of peptides
      on an analytical or preparative scale.

PMID- 3364721
TI  - Electrophoresis and electroblotting of native collagens.
AB  - Electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques, while now used routinely for the
      biochemical characterization of many proteins, have not been used for the
      identification of native collagens. We present here an acidic electrophoresis
      system using very low percentage acrylamide gels which maintains collagen
      solubility and allows migration of native dermal collagens. The method gives
      uniform gels which can be made mechanically stable for subsequent
      electroblotting. The resulting nitrocellulose transfer allows immunological
      detection of collagens using either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and can
      be used to screen antibody specificities. The majority of murine monoclonal
      antibodies directed against collagen bind only to conformational epitopes on the
      native triple-helical collagen, and thus cannot be screened by Western blotting.
      This method therefore enables the electrophoretic screening of these monoclonal
      antibodies and provides an alternative approach for their characterization.

PMID- 3364722
TI  - H2O2 as a DNA fragmenting agent in the alkaline elution interstrand crosslinking
      and DNA-protein crosslinking assays.
AB  - A method for DNA fragmentation by H2O2 in the DNA alkaline elution procedure is
      described. Treatment of cell suspensions for 1 h with 100 microM H2O2 or 5 mM
      H2O2 at 0-1 degree C resulted in DNA breakage equivalent to doses of 300 and 3000
      rad of gamma-rays, respectively. The elution profiles were reproducible and H2O2
      was used for measurements of interstrand crosslinks and DNA-protein crosslinks
      induced in HeLa cells by mitomycin C, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), and trans
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II). The comparison of data obtained with the use of
      H2O2 and gamma-rays has shown that both methods have similar sensitivity and
      reproducibility.

PMID- 3364723
TI  - A radioisotopic assay of picomolar concentrations of coenzyme A in liver tissue.
AB  - A single-step enzyme assay using [14C]palmitic acid and bacterial acyl-coenzyme A
      synthetase (EC 6.2.1.3) is described for the determination of reduced coenzyme A
      (CoASH) levels in liver samples. Use of this technique provides a rapid and
      accurate determination of CoASH in the range 1-250 pmol. Application of the
      method to the quantitation of CoASH in samples of human liver tissue and rat
      liver homogenate, isolated hepatocytes, and mitochondria is described.

PMID- 3364724
TI  - Reactivity of pyrimidine nucleosides under the conditions of the pyrimidine
      sequencing reactions of Maxam and Gilbert.
AB  - Several pyrimidine nucleosides and polydeoxyribonucleotides have been examined
      with respect to their ultraviolet absorption spectra and the kinetics of their
      decomposition under the conditions used in the C- and (C + T)-specific treatments
      of the sequencing procedure of Maxam and Gilbert. In hydrazine-water (56:44,
      v/v), at 20 degrees C, thymidine was found to be virtually fully ionized. Under
      these conditions, the susceptibility to hydrazinolysis decreased in the order N3
      methylthymidine greater than uridine approximately equal to deoxyuridine greater
      than deoxycytidine approximately equal to polydeoxycytidylate greater than
      polythymidylate much greater than thymidine greater than 5-methyldeoxycytidine.
      Addition of sodium chloride to 1.5 M slightly accelerated hydrazinolysis of those
      nucleosides bearing nonionizable heterocyclic moieties and retarded
      hydrazinolysis severalfold for those nucleosides containing an ionizable aglycone
      (thymidine, deoxyuridine, uridine). It is concluded that the nucleosides of this
      latter class react with hydrazine largely or exclusively in their nonionized form
      and that the main effect of added salt is increased ionization of the
      heterocycles, resulting in a decreased population of nonionized nucleosides.

PMID- 3364725
TI  - Affinity chromatography of naturally occurring folate derivatives.
AB  - In a previous report (1980, in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 66, p. 686, Academic
      Press, New York) we described the preparation and use of purified milk folate
      binding protein covalently linked to a Sepharose matrix. The present study was
      undertaken to test the capacity of this preparation to purify quantitatively
      folates from tissue extracts. In experiments that employed tissue extracts
      containing biologically synthesized [3H]folates, recovery of radioactivity from
      columns of the immobilized folate-binding protein (affinity columns) was
      consistently 90-95%. Folates eluted from the affinity column were practically
      pure. Anion-exchange chromatography of the purified fraction from rat liver
      extract yielded a number of uv-absorbing peaks which corresponded to the elution
      profile based on 3H counts, with respect to both the position and the area of the
      peaks. Treatment of the original extracts with folylpolyglutamate hydrolases
      resulted in the shift of these peaks to lower retention times, which corresponded
      to mono- or diglutamyl folate derivatives. Similar results were obtained with
      extracts from Lactobacillus casei. The purification of tissue folates by affinity
      chromatography allows determination of folate activity by direct physiochemical
      methods, which is particularly useful for analysis of folate composition in
      tissues.

PMID- 3364726
TI  - A discontinuous and highly porous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel
      system of high resolution.
AB  - A highly porous and efficient discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      slab gel electrophoresis system is described. The slab get consists of two porous
      layers of acrylamide of the following composition: 4% acrylamide, 0.04%
      bisacrylamide for the stacking gel, and 10% acrylamide, 0.1% bisacrylamide for
      the separating gel, both layers having different buffers. The separating gel
      mixture (final pH 9.0) and the buffers of the electrode chamber (pH 8.45) consist
      of Tris and glycine in such a ratio that no acid or base is necessary to adjust
      the pH. The resulting gel system has the following advantages: (a) it is able to
      resolve the components from large-volume samples (up to 200 microliter) after an
      overnight electrophoresis run while still maintaining the capacity to produce
      very sharp bands; (b) it has a high and broad resolution, allowing the separation
      on the same gel of proteins with apparent molecular masses between 10,000 and
      450,000 Da; (c) it is very easy to prepare and shows excellent reproducibility in
      the electrophoretic patterns; (d) when used as a second dimension in tandem with
      isoelectric focusing, it improves the resolving power of two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis; and finally, (e) its low crosslinker-to-acrylamide ratio allows
      the effective and rapid transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose membrane, thus
      improving the usefulness of protein blotting. In all cases, adrenal medullary
      chromaffin cell proteins were used as test samples.

PMID- 3364727
TI  - A fluorometric assay for peptidyl alpha-amidation activity using high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of peptidyl alpha-amidation
      activity has been developed and is based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatographic separation and fluorometric detection. A dansylated tripeptide, N
      dansyl-Tyr-Val-Gly-OH, is used as the substrate in the assay and the amount of
      alpha-amidation activity is determined by quantitating the extent of its
      conversion to product, N-dansyl-Tyr-Val-NH2. Both product and substrate can be
      detected in a single assay in quantities as low as 5 fmol by isocratic elution
      using C-18 reverse-phase columns. The method yields highly reproducible results
      and requires less than 3 min per sample for separation and quantitation. The
      assay procedure is applicable to the screening of a large number of samples under
      different pH conditions and is readily adaptable for use in a variety of studies.
      For example, the procedure is ideal for detecting alpha-amidation activity in
      various tissues, monitoring activity at the different stages during purification
      of a particular alpha-amidation enzyme, determining kinetic parameters of the
      purified enzyme, and identifying both competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.

PMID- 3364728
TI  - An 8- to 10-fold enhancement in sensitivity for quantitation of proteins by
      modified application of colloidal gold.
AB  - We have modified the highly sensitive protein assay of C. M. Stoscheck (1987,
      Anal. Biochem. 160, 301-305), resulting in a further 8- to 10-fold enhancement of
      sensitivity. This assay, responding to protein quantities with a detection limit
      of 1 ng, involves the single step of addition of colloidal gold solution, as now
      commonly used in histochemistry and protein blotting, to the protein sample,
      followed by simple measurement of the change in absorbance at 590 nm within
      minutes. By increasing the concentration of the colloidal gold, by using gold sol
      that has been stabilized with 0.01% polyethylene glycol and adjusted to pH 3.8,
      and by adapting the assay to microtiter plates, this type of assay can be applied
      to reliably determine proteins in the complete nanogram range. This assay
      therefore compares favorably to other assay procedures in terms of rapidity,
      sensitivity, expense, and lack of interference by many laboratory reagents,
      although like the others it suffers from the drawback of differences in response
      of different proteins, which is inherent in dye-binding assays.

PMID- 3364729
TI  - Rapid isolation of plasmalemma from cultured A431 cells: characterization of
      epidermal growth factor receptors.
AB  - A rapid method for the purification of plasma membrane from a relatively small
      number of A431 cells is described. The method is a simple, two-step differential
      centrifugation in the presence of Ca2+ that requires a total centrifugation time
      of 7 min. The membrane preparations contained a high level of epidermal growth
      factor (EGF) receptor activity demonstrated by both the quantity of specific
      ligand binding and the amount of EGF-dependent phosphorylation of the receptor
      and an exogenous substrate. EGF-dependent autophosphorylation identified the EGF
      receptor in the purified membranes as an undegraded 170-kDa protein.

PMID- 3364730
TI  - The use of sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'-dithiopropionate as a
      crosslinking reagent to identify cell surface receptors.
AB  - Conditions for solubilizing and iodinating the heterobifunctional thiol-cleavable
      photoreactive crosslinking reagent sulfosuccinimidyl-2-(p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'
      dithiopropionate which leave the ester moiety, disulfide bond, and azido group
      reactive are described. Iodination was performed in a mixture of dimethyl
      sulfoxide and bicarbonate, pH 9.0 (1:20, v/v), as solubilizing agent and Iodogen
      as oxidant. The lectin phytohemagglutinin was derivatized with the iodinated
      crosslinker and the interaction between phytohemagglutinin and mononuclear cells
      was chosen as the model system to monitor the efficiency of sulfosuccinimidyl-2
      (p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'-dithiopropionate as a crosslinking reagent. Transfer
      of 125I to the biologically significant T11 lymphocyte receptor in addition to
      125I labeling of other membrane proteins to which the lectin binds was detected
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions.

PMID- 3364731
TI  - Manual gas-phase isothiocyanate degradation.
AB  - We describe a manual gas-phase isothiocyanate degradation procedure for the
      primary structure determination of proteins and peptides. The proteins and
      peptides are applied to a polybrene-coated glass fiber filter wedged into a small
      glass column. The phenylisothiocyanate is directly pipetted onto the filter disk.
      The coupling and cleavage reactions are performed in small desiccators containing
      trimethylamine and trifluoroacetic acid vapors, respectively. The wash and
      extraction steps are performed by allowing the suitable solvents to percolate
      through the filter disk. The extracted anilinothiazolinone is then converted to
      the phenylthiohydantoin and identified by any one of a number of described
      methods. Our results show that this method is very sensitive and that the
      reactions proceed faster than those of the published automated procedure. No
      expensive equipment is required and the manual degradation can be performed by a
      laboratory assistant. A large number of samples can be simultaneously subjected
      to the degradation under identical conditions, making this an ideal method for
      physicochemical investigations into the isothiocyanate degradation. We also use
      this method to screen HPLC fractions after enzymatic protein fragmentation.
      Manually sequenced glass filters can be transferred to the automated instrument
      for more extended degradations.

PMID- 3364732
TI  - An automated method for rapid determination of diffusion coefficients via
      measurements of boundary spreading.
AB  - The use of a simple device by which a layer of solvent may be deposited onto a
      solution of an optically absorbing solute in a cylindrical quartz tube, without
      substantial mixing of solution and solvent, is described. The spreading of the
      boundary thus formed may be monitored as a function of time using an automated
      absorbance scanning device previously described [A. K. Attri and A. P. Minton
      (1983) Anal. Biochem. 133, 142-152]. A semiautomatic procedure for determining
      the diffusion coefficient from the time dependence of the shape of the boundary
      is described and is particularly well-suited for real-time data analysis with a
      laboratory microcomputer. The diffusion coefficients of several proteins have
      been measured using the technique reported, and the results are generally in good
      agreement with values reported in the literature. The feasibility of using this
      technique in combination with a previously described method for measuring the
      sedimentation coefficient [A. K. Attri and A. P. Minton (1984) Anal. Biochem.
      136, 407-415] to rapidly determine the molecular weight of a protein is
      established.

PMID- 3364733
TI  - A quantitative method for GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide alpha 1---
      6fucosyltransferase activity with lectin affinity chromatography.
AB  - A quantitative method for the activity of GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide
      alpha 1----6fucosyltransferase has been developed using a well-characterized
      substrate to which other fucosyltransferases fail to transfer and lentil lectin
      Sepharose, which will bind this substrate only after fucosylation of the
      asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine. The enzyme was extracted from human skin
      fibroblasts and incubated with GDP-[14C]fucose and a specific substrate, asialo
      agalactotransferrin glycopeptide. The product of the enzyme reaction, [14C]fucose
      alpha 1----6 to the asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine of the substrate, bound
      to lentil lectin-Sepharose and was eluted with 0.4 M methyl alpha-D
      mannopyranoside. The method was shown to be specific after characterization of
      the lentil lectin-bound glycopeptides by enzyme degradation and affinity
      chromatography. Quantitation of the method was shown by several parameters,
      including the linearity of product formed with respect to time, GDP-[14C]fucose
      concentration and enzyme concentration.

PMID- 3364734
TI  - Measurement of total plasma cysteamine using high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - Cysteamine is currently used to treat children with the inherited disorder
      nephropathic cystinosis. A method for the quantitative determination of this
      aminothiol in human plasma is presented. Whole plasma was reduced with sodium
      borohydride to convert disulfides to thiols. Cysteamine was then separated by
      high-performance liquid chromatography and detected electrochemically. The
      recovery of standard cysteamine added to plasma was 96.6 +/- 1.9%. In a patient
      with cystinosis, an oral dose of cysteamine was absorbed rapidly, with plasma
      cysteamine reaching a maximum of 56 microM 1 h after the dose. By 1.8 h the
      plasma cysteamine concentration had decreased to one-half the maximum value.

PMID- 3364735
TI  - A radiochemical assay for a NADP+-specific gamma-glutamate semialdehyde
      dehydrogenase extracted from mitochondrial membrane of rat intestinal epithelial
      cells.
AB  - A radiochemical assay has been developed for a NADP+-specific gamma-glutamate
      semialdehyde dehydrogenase from rat intestinal epithelial cells. The
      spectrophotometric assay utilized to measure the enzyme in bacterial cell
      homogenates is not sensitive enough for homogenates from rat mitochondria, which
      require an assay that can measure as little as 0.5 nmol NADPH formed/min/ml
      extract. The assay described here is sensitive to 0.1 nmol product formed/min/ml
      of extract and employs the use of [3H]pyrroline 5-carboxylate which is
      phosphorylated and oxidized by the enzyme to gamma-[3H]glutamyl phosphate, a
      product that decomposes to [3H]pyrrolidone 5-carboxylate. The latter product is
      separated from the substrate by ion-exchange chromatography. In order to correct
      for any product loss during separation by ion-exchange [14C]pyrrolidone 5
      carboxylate is added as an internal standard to the deproteinized assay mixture.
      Under the assay conditions described mammalian gamma-glutamate semialdehyde
      dehydrogenase activity is linear with respect to time and protein concentration.
      Comparison between the kinetic parameters reported for the bacterial enzyme and
      those reported here for the mammalian enzyme indicate similarities in the pH
      optima as well as a requirement for phosphate. Kinetic studies on mammalian
      enzyme yield apparent Km values of 1.8 mM for pyrroline 5-carboxylate, 0.2 mM for
      NADP+, and 11.3 mM for phosphate.

PMID- 3364736
TI  - Highly protective alkalinization by ammonia vapor diffusion in viscosimetric DNA
      damage assessment.
AB  - A method for the measurement of viscosities correlated to DNA alterations in
      alkaline homogenate suspensions is described. The alkaline pH shift to afford
      cell lysis, DNA unfolding, and denaturation is attained by gaseous ammonia
      diffusion, thus avoiding shear stress from mechanical mixing. At the same time a
      stabilizing density gradient is established. This solution is run through a
      plastic measuring tube that is wide enough to minimize the influence of uneven
      swelling of the lysing DNA-containing components. Flow times under a carefully
      controlled water head are registered, and their ratios to control solutions are
      evaluated. The relative viscosities show a strong and irreversible dependence on
      shear and on DNase treatment and therefore are considered as essentially DNA
      derived. The time dependence of the lysate viscosities with and without the DNA
      damaging agent bleomycin is given and the dose:activity curves of this agent with
      sponge homogenates from two orders of Porifera are given with their 50% effective
      concentration values. The dose:activity curve of an extract from a polluted
      marine point source is demonstrated. The concentration changes in sponges exposed
      at differently polluted marine sites are shown. The idea of alkalinization
      through gaseous diffusion in conjunction with a simple measuring device has
      already proven a sensitive, reliable, and specific tool in the assessment of DNA
      damage produced under both laboratory and field conditions.

PMID- 3364737
TI  - A stable colorimetric assay to measure toxin elevation of inorganic phosphate in
      bile.
AB  - A modified assay for the measurement of nanomole amounts of Pi in 50 microliters
      of bile is described. The assay is based on the formation of a complex between
      malachite green dye and phosphomolybdate under acidic conditions. Only three
      simple steps are required to produce a colored complex which remains stable for
      at least 3 h; these steps are precipitation with acid, addition of color reagent
      containing dye and surfactant, and incubation at 37 degrees C. Analysis of bile
      samples collected from a rat given the toxin 1,1-dichloroethylene demonstrated
      that the assay is well suited to routine assays of biliary Pi as an endogenous
      indicator of aberrant hepatobiliary function.

PMID- 3364738
TI  - Fibrin autography of plasminogen activator by electrophoretic transfer into
      fibrin agar gels.
AB  - An electrophoretic modification of the conventional fibrin autography that can be
      used for the detection of plasminogen activators (urokinase type and tissue type)
      and fibrin-degrading enzymes in complex biological fluids is described. After
      separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the
      proteins and the substrate plasminogen are transferred electrophoretically into
      the fibrin indicator gel, resulting in an efficient transfer of proteinases as
      well as high resolution and contrast of fibrinolytic zones caused by plasminogen
      activator activity. Picogram amounts of human urokinase type plasminogen
      activator (about 0.002 International Unit) are still detectable. The technique is
      also applicable to reversed fibrin autography for plasminogen activator
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3364739
TI  - Protein estimation in tissues containing high levels of lipid: modifications to
      Lowry's method of protein determination.
AB  - A method to estimate protein in detergent-solubilized homogenates of lipid-rich
      biological samples (e.g., adipose tissue, myelin-enriched fractions of sheep
      brain) is described. The method is also suitable for samples in which protein is
      present as a protein-detergent complex. The method involves homogenization of
      tissue in the presence of a suitable detergent and KCl. Protein is then estimated
      in an aliquot of this homogenate by Lowry's method in the presence of excess
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, the solutions being clarified by extraction with ethyl
      acetate. Protein solubilization by Triton X-100 from adipose tissue was biphasic,
      extracting two to three times more protein under optimum conditions [1.7 +/- 0.1%
      (v/v) Triton X-100 and 0.75 M KCl], compared with homogenization without salt and
      detergent. Unlike adipose tissue, protein solubilization from myelin-enriched
      fractions of sheep brain peaked at 1% (v/v) Triton X-100, resulting in the
      extraction of approximately three times more protein than homogenization in the
      absence of detergent and salt.

PMID- 3364740
TI  - Two methods that facilitate autoradiography of small 32P-labeled DNA fragments
      following electrophoresis in agarose gels.
AB  - Two methods which permit detection by autoradiography of small 32P-labeled DNA
      fragments resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis are described. Agarose gel
      electrophoresis poses problems for autoradiography as (i) the gels are normally
      too thick to allow autoradiography without being dried first, and (ii) fragments
      of DNA of 1000 bp or less in length are readily lost during drying. In this study
      DNA fragments as small as 121 bp have been retained in agarose gels upon drying.
      This has been achieved by either (i) first fixing the DNA with the cationic
      detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, or (ii) drying the agarose gels onto
      Zeta-Probe charge-modified membranes.

PMID- 3364741
TI  - A single-photon imaging system for the simultaneous quantitation of luminescent
      emissions from multiple samples.
AB  - A combination of a two-dimensional photon detector (double-microchannel plate)
      with single-photon sensitivity and an optical projection system that allows space
      resolved quantitation of luminescent emissions from spatially extended objects is
      described. A "luminescent image" of the object focused onto the detector is
      accumulated over a preset time and stored in a digital frame memory from which
      photon counts over areas of interest can be read. In this study, the object
      consisted of a microtiter plate containing luminescent samples which was placed
      below a projecting lens (2.0/21 mm, 36 X 24-mm format camera lens) at a distance
      of 38.5 cm. Although geometry substantially limited photon collection, the
      sensitivity achieved was only 10X less than that obtained with a dedicated photon
      counting luminometer. A slightly diminished photon collection from peripheral
      wells was apparently caused by the projection system and could be corrected
      arithmetically. Both chemically generated luminescence (ATP bioluminescence) and
      cell-derived, superoxide-dependent luminescence (with lucigenin as chemilumigenic
      probe) were detected with excellent spatial resolution and linearity of response
      over a wide range.

PMID- 3364742
TI  - The distribution of hypoglossal motoneurons in the dog, rabbit and rat.
AB  - The distribution of motoneurons innervating the extrinsic tongue muscles was
      studied in the dog, rabbit and rat using the horseradish peroxidase technique. In
      these mammals, hypoglossal motoneurons were clustered in roughly ventral (or
      medial) and dorsal (or lateral) groups. Axons of hypoglossal motoneurons in the
      ventral (or medial) group passed via the medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve,
      and those in the dorsal (or lateral) group by way of the lateral branch of the
      hypoglossal nerve. Motoneurons supplying the geniohyoid or genioglossus muscle
      were distributed, respectively, in the ventral or lateral aspect of the ventral
      (or medial) cluster of hypoglossal motoneurons. Hypoglossus and styloglossus
      motoneurons were located in the lateral aspect of the dorsal (or lateral)
      cluster. The area of distribution of hypoglossus motoneurons overlapped with that
      of styloglossus motoneurons. It seems likely that motoneurons innervating
      intrinsic tongue muscles form the remainder of the hypoglossal nucleus. The
      largest motoneurons in the hypoglossal nucleus were distributed in the cluster of
      geniohyoid motoneurons. Thus, in the present study a somatotopic arrangement of
      motoneurons innervating the extrinsic tongue muscles was found, in keeping with
      previous studies using the retrograde cell degeneration technique.

PMID- 3364744
TI  - Ultrastructural identification of Merkel cells around the mouth of the newborn
      marsupial.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the epidermal cells surrounding the mouth of three newborn
      marsupial species, the Northern native cat Dasyurus hallucatus, the brush tail
      possum Trichosurus vulpecula and the Northern brown bandicoot Isoodon macrourus
      were examined. The presence of Merkel cells, highly sensitive touch receptors,
      would suggest that the sense of touch aids the relatively underdeveloped newborn
      marsupial to move from the urinogenital sinus to the pouch and to locate the
      teat.

PMID- 3364743
TI  - The ultrastructure of the pituitary and the adrenal gland of three newborn
      marsupials (Dasyurus hallucatus, Trichosurus vulpecula and Isoodon macrourus).
AB  - The ultrastructure of the pituitary glands of the newborn northern native cat,
      brushtail possum and the northern brown bandicoot and the adrenal glands of the
      former two marsupials were examined to determine whether these endocrine glands
      were functional at birth. The anterior pituitary of all three species was well
      vascularised and many cells contained electron-dense, membrane bound granules.
      The adrenal glands were composed of two distinct cell populations. One group of
      cells possessed dark staining granules, normally observed in catecholamine
      secreting cells, and the second group contained large amounts of smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, indicative
      of steroid hormone secreting cells. The ultrastructure of the cells of the fetal
      pituitary and adrenal of all three species would suggest that these glands are
      functional at birth and, as with many eutherians, the marsupial pituitary and
      adrenal gland may play an important role in determining the length of gestation.

PMID- 3364745
TI  - Structural and functional aspects of porcine placental microvasculature.
AB  - The microvascular architecture of the pig placenta was studied by serial semithin
      histological sections for light microscopy, which were compared with scanning
      electron microscopy of artificially exposed materno-fetal contact surfaces as
      well as of vessel casts prepared from the maternal, fetal, and combined maternal
      and fetal sides. The superficial reliefs from the exposed surfaces as well as
      from the casts are almost identical with the complementary maternal and fetal
      sides. In order to meet the physiological needs of materno-fetal exchange for the
      rapidly growing fetuses, these reliefs develop from a simple to a more complex
      system during pregnancy and can be described as follows: (1) The degree of
      interlocking increases between the fetal ridges or bulbous protrusions and
      maternal ridges of different orders separated by maternal troughs of variable
      depth, most clearly seen on vessel casts. It creates a three-dimensional notch
      arrangement, giving strength to the materno-fetal contact area. (2) The structure
      of precapillary vessels as well as of the meshwork, and the diameter of
      capillaries of the maternal and fetal sides, adapt during gestation giving a good
      distribution of oxygenated blood into the maternal capillaries; these, with the
      development of large prevenous connecting capillaries on the fetal side, favour a
      high arterio-venous difference of fetal blood O2 pressure. (3) The vascular
      architecture of endometrial and fetal ridges and troughs develop into a
      crosscurrent to countercurrent materno-fetal blood interrelationship. Our
      demonstration of the materno-fetal capillary inter-relationship in the porcine
      placenta thus shows that the latter is a much more efficient organ for exchange
      than hitherto assumed.

PMID- 3364746
TI  - A general, computer-based method for study of the spatial distribution of muscle
      fiber types in skeletal muscle.
AB  - The present method provides detailed quantitative information on the spatial
      distribution of the muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle. This is accomplished
      by comparing the measured spatial distribution of the fiber types with a computer
      simulated random pattern. The method is based on a registration of the absolute
      frequency for six principal categories of fiber contacts (I-I, I-IIA, I-IIB, IIA
      IIA, IIA-IIB, IIB-IIB). A computer program was designed to simulate a random
      pattern of fibers. The simulations were performed with high accuracy with regard
      to fiber type proportion and the number of neighbouring fibers. The computer then
      calculated the frequency for each of the different categories of fiber contacts
      in the simulated random pattern. The measured distribution of fiber contacts
      could thus be compared to the simulated random pattern. In three bovine muscles
      studied, the spatial distribution of the muscle fiber types showed a similar
      pattern. The muscle fibers had a distinct tendency to be surrounded by fibers of
      a different type. In all three muscles the difference between the measured and
      the simulated random pattern was statistically significant (p less than 10(-3).

PMID- 3364747
TI  - The distribution of infrahyoid motoneurons in the cat: a retrograde horseradish
      peroxidase study.
AB  - The distribution of cell bodies and the peripheral course of axons of infrahyoid
      motoneurons were examined in the cat by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase
      method after application of the enzyme to the peripheral nerve branches supplying
      the infrahyoid muscles. Infrahyoid motoneurons were observed to constitute a
      slender cell column, which extended from a level of the caudal part of the
      hypoglossal nucleus usually to the most caudal level of the C1 cord segment, or
      occasionally to the lower levels of the C2 cord segment. The cell column was
      located immediately lateral to that of motoneurons of the spinal accessory nerve.
      In the cell column, thyrohyoid motoneurons were distributed in the medulla
      oblongata; sternohyoid motoneurons were located somewhat more cranially than
      sternothyroid motoneurons in the medulla oblongata and cervical cord. However,
      the level of craniocaudal distribution of thyrohyoid, sternohyoid or
      sternothyroid motoneurons highly overlapped. The experiments involving severance
      of the hypoglossal and/or cervical nerves indicated that axons of thyrohyoid and
      sternohyoid motoneurons passed via the roots of both hypoglossal and C1 nerves,
      that axons of sternohyoid motoneurons passed via the C1 nerve roots, and that
      axons of infrahyoid motoneurons innervating the conjugated part of the
      sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles passed usually via the C1 nerve roots, or
      occasionally via the roots of both C1 and C2 nerves.

PMID- 3364748
TI  - Structural changes in retinal pigmented epithelium of Rivulus marmoratus Poey
      embryos during development.
AB  - In Rivulus marmoratus development of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) parallels
      that of retinal photoreceptors. Although structurally functional by mid
      incubation the full complex structure is not achieved even when the yolk-sac is
      absorbed (3-days post-hatched). Melanogenesis is evident at 0.2 incubation with
      premelanosomes present up to three days after hatching. The distribution of
      junctional complexes, basal membrane foldings and coated-pits throughout
      development is noted. Myeloid bodies, already present at mid-incubation, appear
      initially as single lenticular-shaped structures which later may form whorls, or
      coalesce around oil droplets, glycogen clusters or phagosomes thereby giving rise
      to myeloid patterns characteristic of a mature RPE. The functional significance
      of these changes is discussed.

PMID- 3364749
TI  - Dolichos biflorus agglutinin: a marker of the developing olfactory system in the
      NMRI-mouse strain.
AB  - The binding of horseradish peroxidase-labelled Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (HRP
      DBA) to the olfactory system of NMRI-mice was investigated histochemically during
      the pre- and postnatal period. DBA bound with high affinity to a group of
      olfactory receptor neurons of both the olfactory epithelium proper and the
      vomeronasal organ from gestation days (g.d.) 14 and 15 onward respectively.
      Furthermore, there was also extensive binding to axon bundles and to the
      glomeruli of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. In addition, DBA-binding was
      observed in goblet cells and some glands of the nasal septum. From g.d. 17 onward
      the number of DBA-positive neurons increased significantly and the glomeruli
      within the olfactory bulbs became DBA-reactive for the first time. Concomitantly,
      the endothelium of vessels within the olfactory epithelium's submucosa lost its
      DBA-affinity, though the respiratory submucosal vessels still remained DBA
      positive. Possible interrelationships between DBA-affinity of blood vessel
      endothelium and the neighbouring olfactory neurons are discussed.

PMID- 3364751
TI  - Striped structures on the cytoplasmic surface membranes of the endothelial
      vesicles of the rat aorta revealed by quick-freeze, deep-etching replicas.
AB  - The cytoplasmic surface of plasmalemmal vesicles in aortic endothelial cells was
      examined in quick-freeze, deep-etching replicas. In addition to the clathrin
      coated vesicles, striped patterns were observed over the cytoplasmic surface
      membranes of small vesicles (60-80 nm in diameter) in the unfixed specimens.
      These patterns were more clearly visible in saponin-extracted specimens; the
      stripes were composed of several ridges or strands of 6-10 nm in width, and some
      were crossed. These were distinct from the characteristic pentagons or hexagons
      of the clathrin-coated vesicles. This striped structure was enhanced by treatment
      with myosin subfragment-1 or phalloidin, thereby indicating a possible relation
      to actin filaments. Patchy plaques with similar striped patterns appeared on the
      cytoplasmic surface of the plasmalemma proper and also on the cytoplasmic vacuole
      membranes together with clathrin. These striped structures may be involved in the
      formation and transport of so-called "uncoated" vesicles.

PMID- 3364752
TI  - Membrane domains in guinea pig sperm and their role in the membrane fusion events
      of the acrosome reaction.
AB  - In this study, we have examined the structure of domains of the periacrosomal
      plasma membrane (PM) and outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) of guinea pig sperm and
      defined their fate during the membrane fusion events of the acrosome reaction.
      Cauda epididymal sperm were arranged in rouleaux, joined by periacrosomal PM
      "junctional" zones; in these zones, the PMs were linked by cross bridges formed
      from a paracrystalline glycocalyx. Bridging elements linked the PM to the OAM on
      the ventral (concave) but not dorsal (convex) aspect of the apical segment.
      Parallel filaments were associated with the luminal face of the OAM overlying the
      dorsal surface of the apical segment. Sperm were induced to undergo a
      "synchronous" acrosome reaction after preincubation in Ca2+-free medium
      containing lysolecithin, by the addition of Ca2+. Fusion between the OAM and PM
      occurred at the boundaries but not within the PM "junctional" zones over the
      apical segment. In nonjunctional regions on the dorsal surface of the apical
      segment, sheets of unfenestrated hybrid membranes and parallel arrays of hybrid
      membrane tubules formed, while branching arrays of hybrid membrane tubules and
      vesicles were observed on the ventral surface. In the principal segment, networks
      of branching hybrid membrane tubules initially formed but later transformed into
      vesicles. Hence, the lysolecithin-mediated guinea pig sperm acrosome reaction
      involves a complex sequence of membrane fusions, which differs in domains of the
      periacrosomal PM and OAM. Stable nonfusigenic domains are present in both the PM
      and OAM of the apical segment; membrane-associated assemblies may maintain these
      domains and may also provide direction to some of the membrane fusion events of
      the acrosome reaction.

PMID- 3364750
TI  - Brain stem afferents to the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in a lizard
      (Varanus exanthematicus).
AB  - The anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR), a large intraventricular protrusion
      in the reptilian forebrain, receives information from many different sensory
      modalities and in turn, projects massively onto the striatum. The ADVR possesses
      functional similarities to the mammalian isocortex and may perform complex
      sensory integrations. The ADVR in lizards is composed of three longitudinal zones
      which receive visual, somatosensory and acustic information, respectively. These
      projections are relayed via thalamic nuclei. Previous retrograde tracer studies
      also suggested brain stem projections to the ADVR arising in the midbrain
      reticular formation and in certain monoaminergic brain stem nuclei (substantia
      nigra, locus coeruleus and nucleus raphes superior). In the present study the
      powerful retrograde fluorescent tracer 'Fast Blue' was applied as a slow-release
      gel to the ADVR of the savanna monitor lizard, Varanus exanthematicus. Thalamic
      projections were confirmed and various direct brain stem projections to the ADVR
      were demonstrated. Brain stem afferents to the ADVR were found from the laminar
      nucleus of the torus semicircularis (possibly comparable to the mammalian
      periaqueductal gray), from the midbrain reticular formation, from the substantia
      nigra (pars compacta and reticulata) and the adjacent ventral tegmental area,
      from the nucleus raphes superior, from the locus coeruleus, from the parabrachial
      region, from the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and even from the most caudal
      part of the brain stem (a few neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and
      lateral reticular formation, possibly comparable to the mammalian A2 and A1
      groups, respectively). These data strongly suggest direct ADVR projections from
      the parabrachial region (related to visceral and taste information) as well as
      distinct catecholaminergic (presumably dopaminergic: substantia nigra, ventral
      tegmental area and, noradrenergic: locus coeruleus, respectively) and
      serotonergic projections (nucleus raphes superior).

PMID- 3364753
TI  - Postnatal growth of the sheep lung: a morphometric study.
AB  - Stereologic methods were used to study lung development in sheep from 2 to 171
      days of age. Most growth occurs within the first 2 months when there is a
      threefold increase in lung volume, but allometric relationships show that this
      increase does not keep pace with body weight. Alveolar and capillary surface
      areas increase as lung volume to a power only slightly larger than 1, suggesting
      a modest increase in complexity; this is confirmed by only a two- to threefold
      increase in total alveolar number. Allometric power functions are essentially
      unchanged even during the first 30 days so that throughout development, the
      surface for gas exchange is added at a fairly constant rate. A slight increase in
      septal volume during the first 30 days is probably due to relative increase in
      capillary luminal volume through a progressive distension of capillaries. The
      results suggest that the active newborn lamb requires an alveolar lung, but in
      the postnatal period functional needs increase only moderately. In contrast,
      other mammals, such as the rat, are helpless as newborns and have a primitive
      saccular lung that must undergo considerable morphogenesis to meet the demands of
      the active adult.

PMID- 3364754
TI  - Nuclear shaping in spermatids of the Thai leaf frog Megophrys montana.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy of Thai leaf frog testis revealed a unique
      pattern of spermatid nuclear morphogenesis. Chromatin condenses into a continuous
      cylindrical coil within a roughly spherical nucleus. Later the nuclear membrane
      conforms to the contours of the uncoiling nuclear contents. In the mature sperm,
      the long, tapering nucleus is helically shaped. This developmental sequence
      occurs in the absence of a microtubular manchette, raising questions about the
      role of this structure in nuclear shaping in spermatozoa of other species.

PMID- 3364755
TI  - On the presence of intermediate cells in the small intestine.
AB  - In the small intestine, the presence of transitional cells or cells intermediate
      between Paneth cells and goblet cells has been reported frequently for 100 years.
      Light microscopy and, more recently, fine structural studies have indicated that
      secretory granules observed in intermediate cells share some morphologic
      characteristics with those of granular goblet cells and of Paneth cells. In order
      to verify if intermediate cells in the jejunum and ileum of the adult mouse have
      functional similarities with either granular goblet or Paneth cells, we have
      studied the incorporation of sulfur-35 by radioautography and the localization of
      lysozyme by immunocytochemistry. After radioautography, goblet cells and, to a
      lesser extent, granular goblet cells had incorporated sulfur-35, whereas Paneth
      cells and intermediate cells were completely negative. Immunolocalization of
      lysozyme was done by using rabbit anti-rat lysozyme and protein A-peroxidase.
      After demonstration of peroxidase activity, only Paneth cells were stained and
      intermediate cells were negative. Therefore, intermediate cells do not contain
      sulfomucin or lysozyme, and they are functionally different from goblet and
      Paneth cells. Their function remains unknown.

PMID- 3364756
TI  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in chondrocytes of elastic cartilage in the human
      epiglottis: an immunohistochemical study with polyvalent and monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an intermediate filament, was first
      discovered in the cytoplasm of reactive astroglia and to this date is regarded as
      a rather characteristic component of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic
      astrocytes. It has, however, been found in other glial elements also, as well as
      in a few types of tissues outside the central nervous system. Chondrocytes in
      hyaline and fibrocartilage do not express GFAP, but in the elastic cartilage of
      the human epiglottis we found GFAP to be regularly present when tested with
      either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. While most types of cartilage in
      humans are believed to be of mesenchymal origin, embryologic relationship between
      epiglottal cartilage and the neural crest may play a role in the curious
      phenomenon of the regular presence of GFAP in the chondrocytes of the epiglottis.

PMID- 3364757
TI  - Characterization of proximal colonic lymphoid tissue in the mouse.
AB  - Here we describe a nodule of lymphoid tissue which was consistently located in
      the proximal colon of mice approximately 25% of the distance from the cecum to
      the rectum. Immunohistochemical characterization of this nodule demonstrated that
      the majority of lymphocytes were relatively immature 14.8+ (B220+), IgM+, Ia+
      (specificity 20) B cells some of which were also Ly-1+. These nodules also
      possessed an occasional T cell (Thy-1+, Ly-1+, Lyt-2+) aggregate at the
      periphery. Rare, small areas did not stain for either T or B cell markers. These
      lymphoid nodules were associated with epithelial cells which stained positively
      with the ER-TR4 monoclonal antibody (which also recognizes thymic cortical
      epithelial cells) and also with ER-TR6, which has been reported to recognize
      thymic macrophages or dendritic cells. The overlying colonic epithelium stained
      intensely with the ER-TR4 monoclonal antibody. Proximal colonic lymphoid tissue
      was extremely sensitive to steroid treatment, losing approximately 80% of its
      mass within 24 hours in response to a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg
      hydrocortisone acetate. This response was similar to that of the thymus and to
      that reported for the bursa of Fabricius, but unlike that of other
      gastrointestinal lymphoid aggregates. These results indicated that proximal
      colonic lymphoid tissue contains a high frequency of relatively immature B cells
      and may be a primary site of their generation, possibly including some of the Ly
      1+ phenotype. These observations correlate with new evidence suggesting that the
      allantois participates in the formation of the distal midgut, including its
      lymphoid components.

PMID- 3364758
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in developing human
      esophagus.
AB  - Cell proliferation in the developing human esophagus was investigated by
      autoradiography using organ culture. The sites of [3H]-thymidine uptake were
      localized in the epithelium, the mesenchyme, and the muscularis externa of fetal
      esophageal explants from 10 to 16 weeks of gestation. Proliferating cells were
      abundant throughout the stratified epithelium at 10 weeks of gestation. Many
      labeled nuclei in the mesenchyme and the muscular layer were observed. With the
      development of the stratified columnar ciliated epithelium, a confinement of the
      proliferating zone in the basal cell layers occurred, and ciliated cells never
      appeared labeled. The quantitation of proliferating cells showed a labeling index
      at its highest value between 10 and 12 weeks; this drastically decreased between
      12 and 14 weeks' gestation. A similar pattern was noted for the mesenchyme, while
      the labeling index in the muscularis externa peaked during the 11-14 weeks
      period. In all fetuses, the highest labeling index was always recorded in the
      epithelium. The biochemical quantitation of the [3H]-thymidine uptake into the
      total esophageal DNA clearly supported the continuous decrease of the cell
      proliferation determined by autoradiography between 10 and 16 weeks of gestation.
      The present investigation provides for the first time basic quantitative data
      regarding cell proliferation during a particular developmental phase of the human
      esophagus.

PMID- 3364760
TI  - Interpleural regional analgesia.

PMID- 3364759
TI  - Periapical innervation of the ferret canine and the local retrograde neural
      changes after pulpectomy.
AB  - The amputation of the dental pulp severs a population of axons that are
      predominantly in the A delta and C fiber size range and are principally involved
      in nociception. Local periapical neuromas, if they are formed after pulpectomy,
      may be the sites of spontaneous nervous activity that may, in some circumstances,
      be involved in the genesis of chronic pain. The periapical tissues from the
      mandibular canines of four ferrets were examined 3 months after pulpectomies.
      Silver-stained paraffin sections were examined in three dimensions at the light
      microscope level. Ultrathin sections were examined at the electron microscope
      level. Compared with contralateral and independent controls, the principal
      changes were the loss of the periodontal plexus around the root apex, the
      extension of damage well below the apical foramen, and the persistence of
      inflammation 12 weeks postoperatively. While a somewhat disorderly mass of nerve
      fibers develops subapically, the arrangement has only some of the features
      usually associated with neuromas.

PMID- 3364761
TI  - Intrapleural administration of 0.25%, 0.375%, and 0.5% bupivacaine with
      epinephrine after cholecystectomy.
AB  - Thirty patients who had undergone cholecystectomy (subcostal incision) were
      randomly allocated to three groups of ten patients each and given intrapleural
      injections of 20 ml 0.25% (group I), 0.375% (group II), or 0.5% (group III)
      bupivacaine each with added epinephrine (5 micrograms/ml). Complete pain relief
      was obtained within 30 minutes in all but one patient in groups I and II. Pain
      scores (VAS, 0-100 mm) were recorded at regular intervals and did not exceed 20
      mm (mean) in any group from 30 minutes up to 4 hours. Median time interval from
      the intrapleural injection to administration of supplementary analgesics was 4
      hours 20 minutes, 6 hours, and 7 hours 45 minutes in groups I, II, and III,
      respectively. The maximum plasma concentration of bupivacaine (Cmax), 0.62 (+/-
      0.25 SD) microgram/ml in group I, 0.82 (+/- 0.40) microgram/ml in group II, and
      1.20 (+/- 0.44) microgram/ml in group III, was significantly higher in group III
      than in the other groups. The time to achieve maximum plasma concentration of
      bupivacaine (Tmax) was approximately 15 minutes in all groups. No side effects
      were observed.

PMID- 3364762
TI  - Effects of etomidate, midazolam, and thiopental on median nerve somatosensory
      evoked potentials and the additive effects of fentanyl and nitrous oxide.
AB  - In 30 patients undergoing spinal disc operations, the effects of bolus injections
      followed by intravenous infusions of thiopental, etomidate, and midazolam on
      median nerve somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) were studied. Possible
      additive effects of fentanyl and nitrous oxide were also evaluated. Serial SSEP
      measurements were made before and for 25 minutes after the start of anesthesia.
      After induction with one of the three intravenous agents, fentanyl (10
      micrograms/kg) was administered and SSEPs were again measured 1 and 5 minutes
      after administration. Sixty-five% nitrous oxide in 35% oxygen was administered
      after tracheal intubation and was followed by final SSEP measurements. The three
      intravenous agents affected SSEP signals differently. Etomidate increased both
      amplitude and latency. Thiopental decreased amplitude and increased latency.
      Midazolam had no effect on amplitude but increased latency. The addition of
      fentanyl and nitrous oxide had different effects in response to the three
      intravenous induction agents. This study emphasizes the differences in SSEP
      responses not only to different intravenous induction agents but also to the
      addition of fentanyl and nitrous oxide.

PMID- 3364763
TI  - Halothane hepatotoxicity and reductive metabolism of halothane in acute
      experimental liver injury in rats.
AB  - Reductive metabolism of halothane was measured after acute liver injury induced
      by galactosamine (1.0 g/kg, IP) in rats. On the seventh day of liver injury, when
      previously elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels had returned to near
      normal range, anaerobic release of fluoride from halothane by hepatic microsomes,
      which appears to reflect the reductive pathway of halothane metabolism, was still
      remarkably decreased (1.36 +/- 0.56 nmol/mg protein/h vs 5.88 +/- 0.58 in
      controls, P less than 0.001). In another set of experiments, rats (n = 8) given
      galactosamine 7 days earlier and saline-treated control rats were given halothane
      anesthesia (1.0%) under mildly hypoxic conditions (F1O2 0.14). In saline
      controls, halothane anesthesia resulted in a mild but statistically significant
      increase in serum alanine aminotransferase levels (32 +/- 4 vs 59 +/- 6 U/ml, P
      less than 0.001). In contrast, serum levels of this enzyme were not changed by
      halothane anesthesia in galactosamine-treated rats (45 +/- 3 vs 49 +/- 4 U/ml).
      Although care should be taken in extrapolating the importance of these animal
      data to humans, the results of this study suggest that halothane hepatotoxicity
      can be attenuated in the presence of minor liver injury as a result of decreased
      hepatic biotransformation of the anesthetic. The data support the view that
      halothane anesthesia is not necessarily contraindicated in subjects with impaired
      liver function.

PMID- 3364764
TI  - The effect of general and regional anesthesia on oxygen-dependent microbicidal
      mechanisms of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in children.
AB  - The microbicidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was investigated
      in two groups of children undergoing hernia repair surgery. Group 1, after short
      general halothane anesthesia, received caudal analgesia, whereas group 2 received
      halothane anesthesia alone. Both groups showed a decrease in singlet oxygen
      production as demonstrated using chemiluminescence method. However, 24 hours
      after the end of surgery singlet oxygen production was fully recovered in the
      caudal analgesia group (group 1), whereas in the general anesthesia group (group
      2), production was still significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed. It is
      concluded that halothane may be associated with PMNL impairment, perhaps in a
      time-dependent manner.

PMID- 3364765
TI  - A statistical model for pain in patient-controlled analgesia and conventional
      intramuscular opioid regimens.
AB  - A statistical model was developed: 1) to compare the efficacy of patient
      controlled analgesia (PCA) and traditional intramuscular (IM) opioids for pain
      relief in 40 patients after total knee replacement and, 2) to evaluate pain
      cycles associated with each technique. Hourly visual analog pain scores were
      subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and time-series analysis.
      Hourly verbal analog pain scores were used to determine predominant pain levels.
      According to ANOVA, PCA was no more effective than were IM opioids. Time-series
      analyses documented a complete cycle of pain every 5.3 hours in patients
      receiving IM opioids but no pain cycle with use of PCA. Analysis of PCA verbal
      analog scores demonstrated self-administration of opioids to "moderate" levels of
      pain relief with use of PCA, not to complete analgesia. These results suggest
      that certain patients may not envision complete postoperative analgesia as being
      possible. Hence, they self-administer opioids for pain relief with PCA according
      to their expectations. Population characteristics may modify PCA efficacy. These
      characteristics should be delineated and the use of PCA targeted to appropriate
      patients.

PMID- 3364766
TI  - Microtechnique for quantitation of plasma methohexital using gas chromatography
      and mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3364767
TI  - Variability of the activated coagulation time.

PMID- 3364768
TI  - Combined carotid endarterectomy, coronary revascularization, and hypernephroma
      excision with hypothermic circulatory arrest.

PMID- 3364769
TI  - Anesthetic management of a neonate born prematurely with Wolff Parkinson White
      syndrome.

PMID- 3364771
TI  - Eponymous anesthesia circuits.

PMID- 3364770
TI  - Interpleural catheter analgesia for pancreatic pain.

PMID- 3364772
TI  - Reversal of flunitrazepam amnestic effects by aminophylline.

PMID- 3364773
TI  - Temporomandibular joint disease and difficult tracheal intubation.

PMID- 3364775
TI  - Repeated epidural anesthesia for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is
      not unreliable.

PMID- 3364774
TI  - Effects of ephedrine on resistance and capacitance vessels in humans.

PMID- 3364776
TI  - What is common to both golf and fiberoptic intubation?

PMID- 3364777
TI  - More on nitrous oxide and laser surgery.

PMID- 3364778
TI  - Carbonated lidocaine.

PMID- 3364779
TI  - [Optimal volumetric rate of artificial circulation].

PMID- 3364780
TI  - [Role of disorders of the metabolism of prostaglandin-like substances in the
      pathogenesis of acute cardiovascular insufficiency in the early postperfusion
      period].

PMID- 3364781
TI  - [Study of biologically active substances in the blood in the postperfusion
      pulmonary syndrome].

PMID- 3364782
TI  - [Characteristics of the postoperative period in patients following radical
      correction of Fallot's trilogy].

PMID- 3364783
TI  - [Activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the postresuscitation period].

PMID- 3364785
TI  - [Possibilities of combination drug correction of circulatory disorders in
      children with surgical diseases].

PMID- 3364784
TI  - [Use of bronchofibroscopy during surgery of the lungs, trachea, bronchi and
      mediastinal organs].

PMID- 3364786
TI  - [Intensive therapy of hemostasis disorders in children in the first 3 months of
      life with surgical sepsis].

PMID- 3364787
TI  - [Phases of disordered consciousness and their prognostic significance in the
      acute period of craniocerebral trauma].

PMID- 3364788
TI  - [Prognostic significance of changes in the biochemical parameters of the
      cerebrospinal fluid in acute cerebral hypoxia].

PMID- 3364789
TI  - [The possibility of preserving the function of the brain by its transplantation].

PMID- 3364790
TI  - [Postoperative regional analgesia in urology and orthopedic traumatology].

PMID- 3364791
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of epidural anesthesia and neuroleptanalgesia in cancer
      patients].

PMID- 3364792
TI  - [Prolonged subpleural blockade in patients with closed chest injuries].

PMID- 3364793
TI  - [Use of bronchofibroscopy in patients in a department of postoperative
      resuscitation and intensive therapy].

PMID- 3364794
TI  - [Hemodynamics and blood loss during general anesthesia in otorhinolaryngological
      surgery in children].

PMID- 3364795
TI  - [Perinatal aspects of general anesthesia using sombrevin and ketamine during
      cesarean section].

PMID- 3364796
TI  - [Effect of high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs on indices of acid
      base equilibrium of the blood in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 3364797
TI  - [Catheterization of the major vessels in intensive therapy of patients with
      surgical diseases of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 3364798
TI  - [Ultrafiltration of the blood during artificial circulation].

PMID- 3364799
TI  - Influence of videofilm-induced emotional stress on the flow properties of blood.
AB  - The hemorheologic effects of emotional stress induced by a videofilm were
      investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from the
      antecubital vein before, during, and after the end of the videofilm. Blood
      pressure and heart rate were simultaneously measured. There was a statistically
      significant increase in blood and plasma viscosity during and immediately after
      the end of the videofilm, which correlated with an increase in plasma
      catecholamine concentrations. This hemorheologic behavior can be explained as a
      result of an endogenous hemoconcentration that takes place if the Starling
      equilibrium of intravascular vs extravascular fluid is changed. These
      observations could lead to new aspects of the pathophysiology of acute myocardial
      infarction initiated by severe emotional stress.

PMID- 3364800
TI  - Adrenaline-induced changes in serum electrolytes, ECG, and blood pressure, with
      Ca-blockade pretreatment.
AB  - Adrenaline infusions (AI) (0.5 micrograms adrenaline per 10 kg body weight per
      minute over 120 minutes) were given weekly for three weeks to 20 healthy male
      volunteers aged twenty-one to thirty-eight years. The AI was given after three
      days' treatment with diltiazem (D), verapamil (V), or placebo (PI) in a single
      blind fashion. After pretreatment with Pl, serum potassium (s-K) decreased from
      3.93 +/- 0.30 mmol/L (M +/- SD) to 3.33 +/- 0.31 (P less than 0.001) with the
      greatest change 69.75 +/- 46.24 minutes after the start of the AI. Corresponding
      values for s-Mg were 0.84 +/- 0.06 to 0.78 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01) and 106.50
      +/- 36.71 minutes, for s-Ca 2.40 +/- 0.07 to 2.30 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.01) and
      103.50 +/- 36.06 minutes, for s-P 1.05 +/- 0.17 to 0.91 +/- 0.17 (P less than
      0.02) and 80.25 +/- 47.25 minutes, and for s-urate 344.79 +/- 50.55 to 329.26 +/-
      47.80 (P greater than 0.05) and 63.95 +/- 46.05 minutes. After pretreatment with
      D, AI produced similar electrolyte changes as after Pl, but the rise in blood
      glucose was slightly more pronounced and the drop in s-urate less pronounced. The
      heart rate (HR) before AI after pretreatment with D was lower than after Pl, but
      the increase during the AI was of the same magnitude. The AI-induced changes in
      systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure after D did not differ
      significantly from those seen after Pl, and neither did QT and QTc, whereas the
      PR duration was prolonged (0.18 +/- 0.03 second) when compared with Pl (0.16 +/-
      0.02) (P less than 0.05). Although the magnitude of the change in DBP was not
      influenced, V prolonged the time till the lowest DBP (48.95 +/- 26.38 minutes)
      when compared with Pl (31.50 +/- 29.16 minutes) (P greater than 0.05). The other
      variables followed the same pattern as for D. In conclusion AI in healthy
      volunteers produced a drop in s-K but in addition a drop in s-Mg and s-Ca, the
      latter appearing later than the drop in s-K. Pretreatment with diltiazem and
      verapamil did not influence the magnitude of these changes but reduced the drop
      in s-urate.

PMID- 3364801
TI  - Cardiovascular complications of aluminum phosphide poisoning.
AB  - Aluminum phosphide is widely used as a grain preservative. Recently some reports
      have appeared in the literature in which serious toxic effects of this agent have
      been reported, and a number of fatal complications, including shock and cardiac
      dysrhythmias, have been increasingly seen. Of 25 cases of aluminum phosphide
      poisoning the authors observed over a period of two years, 16 cases (64%) had
      evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Despite adequate treatment, 40% of the patients
      died. A plea is being made for recognition of these fatal complications and for
      early institution of adequate treatment.

PMID- 3364802
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity and differences of histologic pattern in allergic
      cutaneous vasculitis.
AB  - Fourteen patients with allergic cutaneous vasculitis of either the
      polymorphonuclear (PMN)- or the mononuclear (MN)-predominant type were studied as
      regards the following parameters: the disease duration, histology, monoclonal
      antibody typing of the mononuclear cell infiltrate from recent lesions, and the
      delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response, assessed both by recall antigens
      (tuberculin type) and the dinitrochlorobenzene skin test. From the results, it
      was shown that in PMN-predominant vasculitis, DH reactions were well elicited,
      whereas in MN-predominant vasculitis, DH skin reactions were somehow impaired. In
      MN-predominant cases, many OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8+, and OKM1+ cells were usually seen
      to surround the skin vessels, whereas in PMN-predominant cases, rare OKT8+,
      OKT4+, or OKM1+ cells were seen in the dermis. The epidermal dendritic cell
      system, as revealed by the Na(1)34 monoclonal antibody, was unaffected in both
      types of allergic cutaneous vasculitis.

PMID- 3364803
TI  - Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with pentoxifylline: case report.
AB  - Diabetic neuropathy includes a heterogenous group of neuropathic syndromes
      associated with diabetes mellitus. One form of diabetic neuropathy is distal
      symmetric polyneuropathy, which is characterized at a late stage by intractable
      pain. This pain is generally refractory to present modalities of therapy except
      for narcotics. Pentoxifylline offers a new approach to therapy, reducing the
      blood viscosity and improving perfusion of ischemic microcirculation. A case
      report will be presented of intractable painful peripheral neuropathy responding
      dramatically to pentoxifylline therapy.

PMID- 3364804
TI  - The resting cardiointegram: correlation with stress thallium perfusion studies.
AB  - The cardiointegram is a noninvasive technique for the analysis of the electrical
      signals of the heart obtained by a transformation of the voltage versus time
      format by a series of integrations. The stress thallium perfusion study is a
      widely used test for the detection of coronary artery disease. In order to
      evaluate the correlation between the resting cardiointegram and the stress
      thallium 201 perfusion study, 20 patients with normal resting electrocardiograms
      underwent stress thallium tests and resting cardiointegrams. The cardiointegram
      was determined on two resting complexes of leads I, II, V4, V5, and V6 and called
      abnormal if five of ten complexes deviated outside a normalized template. There
      was concordance of the cardiointegram and the thallium study in 16 of 20 patients
      (80%). The sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery disease was 71%, and
      the specificity was 80%. The overall accuracy was 74%. Thus in patients with
      normal electrocardiograms, the cardiointegram is a useful noninvasive test for
      the detection of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3364805
TI  - Value and limitations of calcium channel blockade in the treatment of pulmonary
      hypertension associated with CREST--case reports.
AB  - Reversible vasospasm has been hypothesized to underlie the development of
      pulmonary hypertension in patients with CREST. Drugs that prevent arterial spasm
      have been used to treat pulmonary hypertension with variable results. The
      disparate pulmonary hemodynamic responses to calcium channel blockade reported
      herein suggest that CREST patients with mild pulmonary hypertension may have a
      component of reversible vasospasm responsive to vasodilator therapy, whereas
      patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension may have fixed vessel
      lesions precluding a satisfactory response to calcium channel blockade.

PMID- 3364806
TI  - Alterations in serum lipid concentrations before and after myocardial infarction
      in a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia and sarcoidosis--a case report.
AB  - This report describes a sarcoidosis patient with a type II-b hyperlipoproteinemia
      who suffered acute myocardial infarction during corticosteroid therapy for
      sarcoidosis and whose blood lipid levels were assessed before and after the
      infarction. After the infarction occurred, lipoprotein analysis revealed a type
      II-a hyperlipoproteinemia concomitant with high free fatty acids, phospholipids,
      and HDL-cholesterol values; an increased ratio of total cholesterol to
      triglycerides; and a decreased ratio of very low density lipoproteins to total
      lipoproteins, suggesting that changes in types of hyperlipoproteinemia may be
      associated with the onset of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3364807
TI  - Prevention of vasospastic angina by alcohol ingestion: report of 2 cases.
AB  - The authors report 2 patients with vasospastic angina in whom alcohol ingestion
      was effective in preventing angina. Coronary angiography revealed no organic
      coronary stenosis but demonstrated coronary artery spasm during angina attacks.
      In 1 patient, alcohol ingestion every six hours completely suppressed frequent
      spontaneous angina. In the other patient, alcohol ingestion markedly prolonged
      the duration of the exercise on treadmill testing by preventing exercise-induced
      coronary spasm.

PMID- 3364808
TI  - [Postoperative inotropic treatment in cardiac surgery of the newborn infant and
      infant].
AB  - Corrective cardiac surgery in infants and neonates induces acute circulatory and
      anatomical changes which, together with the myocardial ischaemia of
      cardiopulmonary bypass, impair cardiac function. Although this cardiac
      dysfunction usually disappears without any after-effects, inotropic treatment is
      mandatory for a short time. There, however, is no easy way to monitor cardiac
      output in these small patients. Neither is there much universally recognized
      objective data available to help choose between these drugs available or between
      different protocols. Physiologically, infants are not small adults. In the
      neonatal period, the heart works virtually at its maximum, with little reserve :
      the stroke volume has a limited capacity to increase because of poor compliance,
      and the heart rate is high. Cardiac output is therefore rate dependent. To
      improve therapeutic adjustment, an attempt is made to rationalize the use of
      inotropic drugs in the postoperative period. Cardiac dysfunction can frequently
      be recognized already in theatre. It is of paramount importance to exclude faulty
      surgical repair by measuring the pressures and oxygen saturation in all the
      cardiac chambers and vessels. The severity of haemodynamic impairment will then
      have to be defined. As well as the usual clinical criteria (blood pressure,
      diuresis), the trend in the capnographic curve during a reduction of
      extracorporeal blood flow rate and acid-base measurements are most helpful. If no
      further immediate surgery is found to be necessary, the most serious cases are
      treated by cardiopulmonary support (right to left, or cardiac left to left, or
      exceptionally biventricular), usually for 1 to 3 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3364809
TI  - [Indications for inotropic agents in cardiac surgery].
AB  - Inotropic drugs are widely used before, during and after cardiac surgery. Besides
      the old well known inotropic drugs, new sympathomimetic drugs and
      phosphodiesterase inhibitors are available. They can be used alone or in
      combination. The choice of drug is difficult to make and depends, for one part,
      on the side-effects of each drug. Before surgery, they are required for patients
      who present with cardiogenic shock while waiting for emergency repair of their
      lesion. During surgery, inotropic drugs are used before, during and after using
      cardiopulmonary bypass. After surgery, they are used to treat low cardiac output
      states. A decision algorithm is suggested, but it is modified by personal
      clinical experience, aetiological patterns and pharmacological data. Therapeutic
      doses must be adjusted according to haemodynamic data. Physiological controls are
      required, such as venous return and heart rate. Mechanical assistance devices
      must not be forgotten, especially after myocardial reperfusion and weaning from
      extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 3364810
TI  - [Development of anesthetic technics for resection-anastomosis of the trachea].
AB  - A series is reported of 109 patients, 45 +/- 18 yr old, undergoing tracheal
      sleeve resection. 101 patients had iatrogenic tracheal stenosis, 5 tracheal
      cylindroma, 2 tracheal cancer and 1 tracheal trauma. 84 patients underwent
      preoperative laser coagulation to increase the airway internal diameter.
      Anaesthesia for the sleeve resection was induced by thiopentone, and maintained
      by an opiate, nitrous oxide and, if necessary, a volatile anesthetic. Patients
      were intubated, after having been given a muscle relaxant, with either a normal
      length and diameter tube with a low pressure cuff, or a narrow (internal diameter
      less than 6 mm) 50 cm long tube with or without a low pressure cuff. Patients
      with long tubes were ventilated with intermittent positive pressure, and the
      others with high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) via a urethral catheter within
      the endotracheal tube. 20% of the long tubes had to be replaced during surgery
      because of perforation of the cuff by a tracheal stitch. In all, six patients
      died, one as a result of a pneumothorax and air embolus due to HFJV. Preoperative
      photocoagulation reduced the risk of induction and intubation; the choice of
      endotracheal tube no longer depended on the tracheal diameter, but on the method
      of ventilation chosen. However, HFJV has tended to be phased out, except for the
      surgery of lesions close to the carena; it has been replaced by intermittent
      positive pressure ventilation via long tubes. Because laser photocoagulation can
      completely cure small stenoses, these patients requiring surgery were those with
      long stenoses which were difficult to treat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364811
TI  - [Comparison of etomidate and thiopental for the anesthesia in cardioversion].
AB  - A controlled study was carried out, comparing etomidate and thiopentone used for
      anaesthesia for cardioversion. Eighty patients presenting with supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias were randomly allocated to two groups with stratification for
      duration of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and cardiothoracic ratio. After
      premedication with 10 mg of diazepam, anaesthesia was induced and maintained if
      necessary with etomidate (0.3 and 0.15 mg.kg-1 respectively) or thiopentone (3
      and 1.5 mg.kg-1 respectively). The following observations were made by an
      independent observer: energy of the electric discharge, systolic and diastolic
      arterial pressures, heart rate, apnoea with duration, quality of anaesthesia,
      side-effects if present, and induction, anaesthesia and recovery times. A drawing
      test and an ambulation test were carried out after recovery. Data were analysed
      using one-way analysis of variance (continuous variables) and chi-squared test
      with Yates correction for small numbers (categorical variables) with p less than
      0.05 considered significant. The thiopentone (THIO) and etomidate (ETO) groups
      were similar, except for premedication and number of NYHA class III and IV
      patients, being more common in ETO (p = 0.04; p = 0.05). Anaesthesia time was 4.6
      +/- 2.3 min in THIO and 9.9 +/- 3.5 min in ETO (p less than 10(-9)) with more
      reinjections in THIO (p = 0.003). Awakening time was shorter in THIO (p less than
      10(-6)) and graphic test was carried out better at 15 min in THIO. No difference
      was found later for graphic test and ambulation. Apnoea was more frequent in THIO
      (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364812
TI  - [Tests of contracture and sensitivity to malignant hyperthermia in 27 patients].
AB  - Twenty-seven patients, four of whom had presented with a crisis of malignant
      hyperthermia and the 23 other being close relatives of such patients, underwent a
      muscle biopsy so as to determine their susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.
      Halothane-caffeine contracture tests, interpreted in accordance with the criteria
      of the European Group on Malignant Hyperthermia, yielded the following results:
      13 positive (MHS), 10 negative (MHN), 4 equivocal (MHE). The history, clinical
      examination, CPK level, histoenzymatic morphology and electron microscopic study
      did not provide information sensitive enough to use for the detection of
      susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. This confirmed the literature: the
      halothane-caffeine contracture test remains the only reliable diagnostic test to
      detect this susceptibility, despite the search for non invasive tests. If the
      mechanism of triggering a contracture to increasing doses of caffeine is well
      known in normal muscle, it is the smaller concentrations required which suggests
      malignant hyperthermia abnormality. The halothane effect is less well understood.
      A concentration less than or equal to 2 vol % yields a contracture only in MHS
      muscle. Differences in protocols used by American authors emphasize the
      importance of standardization as used by the European Group, which is the only
      way of collecting and comparing results on well over a thousand patients. This
      confrontation should reduce the number of equivocal diagnoses and allow a correct
      classification of patients at risk or their relatives as MHS or MHN.

PMID- 3364813
TI  - [Hepatic mono-oxygenases].
AB  - Most drugs and xenobiotics are lipid-soluble compounds that need to be
      transformed into more polar water-soluble molecules by a system of hepatic
      monoxygenases in order to be excreted by the kidney and the liver. This system is
      also called cytochrome P-450. It is found in animals, as well as plants. It is
      located in the cellular endoplasmic reticulum of numerous tissues, but it is most
      active in the liver. It is made up of several isoenzymes differing from one
      another by the structure of their apoproteins, their immunological
      characteristics and their affinity for various substrates. Cytochrome P-450 has
      great variability, being influenced by exogenous factors (drug intake, ionizing
      radiation, stress, diet) and individual endogenous factors (age, sex, genetic
      factors). Several non specific tests exploring the system are available. They
      include: direct investigations carried out on liver biopsies, which are seldom
      used in clinical practice, and indirect investigations, such as the measurement
      of the clearance of exogenous substances, of urinary metabolites of endogenous
      substances and of specific enzymes. Induction and inhibition of microsomal
      activity are of the utmost interest to the clinician in various fields such as
      toxicology, carcinogenesis, drug interactions or drug habituation, metabolic
      regulations and maintenance of body homeostasis. Seven classes of enzyme inducers
      have been defined, but the exact mechanism of this has only been identified for
      two of them (the barbiturate and polycyclic hydrocarbon groups). Several drugs
      have been identified as enzyme inhibitors, the best known to the
      anaesthesiologist being macrolide antibiotics, imidazole derivatives, cimetidine,
      chloramphenicol and isonazide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364814
TI  - [Failure of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in pulmonary fibrosis caused by
      paraquat].
AB  - A case is reported of severe interstitial paraquat poisoning in a 23 year old
      man. Initial treatment consisted of gastric lavage, fuller's earth,
      haemoperfusion on activated charcoal and peritoneal dialysis. On the third day,
      appeared both renal and early respiratory failure, with hypocapnia and hypoxia.
      Peritoneal dialysis was kept up to the thirteenth day. Pulmonary function tests
      showed a restrictive syndrome. Chemotherapy with 1 mg.kg-1.24 h-1 prednisone and
      3 mg.kg-1.24 h-1 cyclophosphamide was started on day 4. Radiotherapy (13 Gy) was
      also given to both lung fields between days 6 and 10. Despite this treatment,
      respiratory failure worsened, and the patient died at the 28th day, with
      resistant severe hypoxaemia and pneumothorax on fibrous lungs. Several reports
      have shown conflicting results with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the
      treatment of pulmonary fibrosis due to paraquat poisoning. The failure of such
      treatment in the case reported showed the need for large prospective clinical
      trials of the treatment of paraquat poisoning, as well as for urgent preventive
      measures.

PMID- 3364815
TI  - [Final arrest of a pacemaker after use of electrocautery].
AB  - A case is reported of irreversible damage being caused to a permanent
      programmable pacemaker by electrocautery used in the epigastric region. The
      pacemaker was rapidly replaced, and the patient had no adverse effects of this
      accident. The use of monopolar electrocautery in patients who have one of the new
      generation of programmable pacemakers is very dangerous. Bipolar forceps can
      reduce the level of interference between electrocautery units and pacemaker
      electrodes. With programmable pacemakers, the generator instruction manual should
      be consulted before surgery, as placing a magnet on the generator may not
      necessarily convert it to the asynchronous mode. When the use of electrocautery
      is unavoidable, external cardiac pacing electrodes should be placed on the
      patient, with an external cardiac pacemaker ready.

PMID- 3364816
TI  - [Extension of criteria for organ procurement from brain-dead patients].

PMID- 3364817
TI  - [Aseptic meningitis after epidural anesthesia].

PMID- 3364818
TI  - [Scapulalgia after thoracotomy. Etiology and prevention].

PMID- 3364819
TI  - [Transthoracic cardiac pacer: a gadget or an alternative to temporary
      intracavitary stimulation?].

PMID- 3364820
TI  - [Circulatory arrest: which catecholamine should be used during initial
      resuscitation?].

PMID- 3364821
TI  - [Methods of per- and postoperative evaluation of ventricular function].

PMID- 3364823
TI  - Electromechanical dissociation in human beings: an echocardiographic evaluation.
AB  - Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) has been described as "organized electrical
      depolarization of the heart without synchronous myocardial fiber shortening and,
      therefore, without cardiac output." However, little evidence demonstrating this
      description exists. We wished to determine whether mechanical activity is present
      during EMD. Twenty-two patients presenting with, or subsequently developing EMD
      in the emergency department from April 1986 to January 1987 were studied.
      Echocardiograms were performed during five-second pauses in CPR, using the
      subxiphoid approach. Nineteen patients (86%) had synchronous myocardial wall
      motion. In two others, there was a rhythmic change in the echocardiographic
      density of the myocardium, without visible chamber narrowing. In one there was no
      visible myocardial response associated with the QRS complex. One or more cardiac
      valves were visualized in 17 patients. Of these, valvular motion was seen in 15
      (88%), but only four exhibited visible valve closure. In our study population,
      the majority of patients in EMD had myocardial wall and valve motion. Thus, the
      term "electromechanical dissociation" may be a misnomer.

PMID- 3364822
TI  - A comparison of epinephrine and methoxamine for resuscitation from
      electromechanical dissociation in human beings.
AB  - Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is an organized electrical depolarization of
      the heart without synchronous myocardial fiber shortening and, therefore, without
      cardiac output. Patients in EMD have a poor prognosis for resuscitation and long
      term survival. The beneficial effect in resuscitation of epinephrine, the
      adrenergic agent currently recommended, has been shown to depend on stimulation
      of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction. The beta-adrenergic inotropic and
      chronotropic effects of epinephrine are theoretically detrimental by increasing
      myocardial oxygen consumption and subendocardial ischemia. The purpose of our
      study was to determine whether the pure alpha agonist methoxamine was superior to
      epinephrine in human beings in EMD as determined by survival at one hour. These
      two agents were compared in a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study
      involving 80 patients with EMD of various causes seen in the emergency department
      and internal medicine inpatient service. The advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
      algorithm (current at the time of our study) for resuscitation from EMD was used,
      with the blinded study drug (epinephrine 1 mg or methoxamine 10 mg) administered
      where the algorithm calls for epinephrine. Calcium and isoproterenol also were
      used in the majority of cases according to ACLS standards but never prior to the
      use of methoxamine or epinephrine. Survival data are summarized as: survival less
      than one hour, 22 patients receiving methoxamine, 22 receiving epinephrine; one
      to six hours, 15 patients receiving methoxamine, 13 patients receiving
      epinephrine; six to 12 hours, one patient receiving epinephrine; more than 24
      hours but not surviving to discharge, three patients receiving methoxamine, two
      patients receiving epinephrine; and survival to discharge, one patient receiving
      epinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3364824
TI  - Fast Track: urgent care within a teaching hospital emergency department: can it
      work?
AB  - We performed a ten-week study to understand the feasibility of a fast track
      system within a teaching hospital setting. Our results show that 50% or fewer of
      patients entering an emergency department during evening and weekend day hours
      can be seen in Fast Track. Average turnaround time for all patients in the ED was
      161 minutes. The average for all Fast Track patients was 94.5 minutes; if
      laboratory and/or radiographs were ordered the average was 121.5 minutes; with no
      laboratory/radiographs, 79.1 minutes. Urinalysis, strep screen, and complete
      blood count accounted for 80% of all laboratory work. Roentgenograms of the
      ankle, foot, and knee accounted for 80% of all radiographs. An evaluation
      questionnaire showed enhanced satisfaction with a reduction in the number of
      complaints from 79% to 22%. The Fast Track system failed when there was a
      predominance of acutely ill patients in the ED, as house officers were pulled to
      care for the acutely ill patients.

PMID- 3364825
TI  - Mechanisms of action of PGE1 in hemorrhagic shock in rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in a severe model of
      hemorrhagic shock in rats. PGE1 was administered as a continuous IV infusion of
      either 0.1 microgram/kg/min or 1.0 microgram/kg/min starting 30 minutes after the
      onset of bleeding and continuing until one hour after reinfusion. Hemorrhaged
      rats treated with PGE1 (1 microgram/kg/min) maintained post-reinfusion mean
      arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values than rats receiving
      only the vehicle (ie, 0.9% NaCl) (final MABP 84 +/- 3 vs 57 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less
      than .01). PGE1 at 1 microgram/kg/min also attenuated the increase in plasma
      activities of cathepsin D (P less than .01), and at both doses blunted the plasma
      accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (P less than .02 at 0.1
      microgram/kg/min and P less than .01 at 1.0 microgram/kg/min). Furthermore, the
      plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) was significantly lower
      in rats treated with PGE1 (1 microgram/kg/min) than in rats receiving the vehicle
      (35 +/- 4 U/mL vs 74 +/- 12 U/mL, P less than .01). Rats receiving PGE1 (1.0
      microgram/kg/min) also exhibited a significantly increased survival rate (P less
      than .01) and post-reinfusion survival time (P less than .01) compared with rats
      receiving only the vehicle. Our data suggest that antiproteolytic and membrane
      stabilizing actions of PGE1 are important and may contribute to its beneficial
      effects in hemorrhagic shock. Other mechanisms (eg, inhibition of platelet
      aggregation and vasodilation) may also be involved.

PMID- 3364826
TI  - Continuous emergency department monitoring of arterial saturation in adult
      patients with respiratory distress.
AB  - Continuous measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) using pulse oximetry
      has become a common monitoring and management technique in critically ill
      hospitalized patients. To determine the impact of SaO2 monitoring on emergency
      patient management, we conducted a prospective uncontrolled clinical trial on 40
      adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute respiratory
      illness, such as emphysema, asthma, or pulmonary edema. Recorded data included
      hemograms, arterial blood gases, subsequent therapy, and response to treatment.
      Additionally, the "early warning" capability of SaO2 monitoring was analyzed by
      recording the severity and outcome of hypoxemic events during treatment. Mean
      duration of usage for the 40 oximeters in the ED was 1.8 hours; all probes
      functioned reliably over a wide range of systolic pressures (80 to 206 mm Hg),
      heart rates (40 to 180 beats per minute), and hematocrits (20% to 58%). There was
      good correlation between simultaneous pulse oximeter values and both directly
      measured SaO2 (r = 0.95) and saturations derived from measured arterial PaO2 (r =
      0.94). The device detected several otherwise unrecognized drops in arterial
      saturation that were confirmed by laboratory analysis. Other clinical situations
      in which the pulse oximeter was found useful in the ED are reviewed. We conclude
      that continuous measurement of SaO2 can improve the monitoring of ED patients,
      increase the precision of therapy, detect hypoxemia during intubation,
      suctioning, and other treatments, and detect clinically unsuspected changes in
      arterial oxygenation.

PMID- 3364827
TI  - Succinylcholine-assisted intubations in prehospital care.
AB  - Although endotracheal intubation is considered the optimal technique for airway
      management in critically ill patients, performance of this task in the
      prehospital setting is at times difficult due to increased masseter muscle tone,
      vocal cord spasm, or patient combativeness. Use of short-acting paralyzing agents
      by paramedics to facilitate intubation in these situations is an uncommon
      practice. We report the recent experience of an emergency medical service system
      that has used succinylcholine (SUX) for more than ten years. We reviewed
      prehospital patient intubations for two years; 215 patients were intubated by
      paramedics without the use of SUX and 95 patients were intubated with the use of
      SUX. The patient group intubated with SUX was characterized by a greater
      percentage of women (48% vs 35%; P less than .05), a higher mean Glasgow Coma
      Scale score (8.6 vs 3.4), fewer intubations for cardiac arrest (3% vs 81%), and
      more hospital survivors (58% vs 24%; P less than .005). The groups were not
      different with respect to mean age or frequency of trauma. Paramedics chose to
      use SUX in 69% of nonarrested patients requiring intubation. SUX-assisted
      intubation was used most often for the indications of airway protection and
      respiratory distress. Review of hospital records showed no difference between the
      groups for frequency of either aspiration pneumonia or mechanical ventilation in
      patients surviving to hospital admission. No patient receiving SUX required
      emergency cricothyrotomy, nor was esophageal intubation noted in either group.
      Succinylcholine-assisted intubation was used safely and selectively by the
      paramedics in this EMS system to permit airway control and ventilation of
      patients with more difficult intubations.

PMID- 3364828
TI  - Emergency department screening for unsuspected carbon monoxide exposure.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) is the leading toxic cause of death in the United States
      today. Unsuspected exposure to this gas will sometimes result in clinically
      significant, but undiagnosed, toxicity. A high incidence of such unsuspected
      exposures would make screening for these worthwhile among high-risk populations.
      We conducted a two-part study to determine the value of screening for unsuspected
      CO exposure in a population of patients presenting to an emergency department.
      The first part of our study involved the prospective screening of ED patients
      using CO breath analysis, regardless of their chief complaint. In the second
      part, COHGB levels of all patients who underwent arterial blood gas analysis
      during the study period were reviewed retrospectively. Of 1,038 patients screened
      by this combined approach, only 29 (2.8%) had abnormal CO breath readings and/or
      COHGB levels. Of a condensed subgroup of 152 patients defined retrospectively by
      chief complaint, eight (5.3%) had abnormal values. We conclude that routine
      screening of ED patients for unsuspected CO exposure is not practical. Although
      yield increases when patients are screened in a more selective manner on the
      basis of chief complaint, such an increase still does not appear to justify the
      screening process.

PMID- 3364829
TI  - Clinical use of the olecranon-manubrium percussion sign in shoulder trauma.
AB  - We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of the use of osteophony in the
      evaluation of shoulder trauma. Evaluation of the shoulder includes the physical
      examination and often a radiographic series. We studied the usefulness of the
      olecranon-manubrium percussion (OMP) test, a physical diagnostic procedure
      performed in shoulder trauma. The bell of the stethoscope is placed over the
      manubrium, both elbows are flexed at 90 degrees, and the olecranon is percussed.
      In the normal examination with no disruption of bony conduction, both sides
      should produce a crisp equal sound. In the event of a dislocation or fracture
      with disruption of bony conduction, the affected side should be duller in pitch
      and intensity. We evaluated the utilization of the OMP test to assess its
      accuracy when used as a screening test for radiographs in conjunction with the
      physical examination and radiographic examination. Ninety-six patients were
      prospectively evaluated by the OMP test and also received radiographs. In those
      patients who had radiographic abnormalities, 40 of 47 (85.1%) had an abnormal OMP
      sign. In those patients without radiographic abnormalities, none had an abnormal
      OMP sign. In assessing anterior shoulder dislocations, 11 of 13 (84.6%) had an
      abnormal OMP sign (P less than .02). After relocation, 100% had a normal OMP
      sign. Of those with clavicular fractures, nine of nine (100%) had abnormal OMP
      signs (P less than .005). Of those with a fracture of the humerus, 16 of 20 (80%)
      revealed an abnormal OMP test (P less than .01). The test was not significant in
      assessing acromio-clavicular joint abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3364830
TI  - Routine pelvic radiography in severe blunt trauma: is it necessary?
AB  - To evaluate the hypothesis that all victims of severe blunt trauma require a
      pelvic radiograph, we prospectively studied all such patients admitted to the
      Southern New Jersey Regional Trauma Center during a seven-month period. All
      patients were classified as unconscious; impaired; awake, alert, and symptomatic;
      or alert, oriented, and asymptomatic for pelvic fracture on admission. All
      underwent a plain anterior-posterior radiograph of the pelvis. A total of 265
      patients were studied and 26 pelvic fractures were identified. These occurred in
      seven of 36 unconscious patients, 11 of 96 impaired patients, and eight of 23
      symptomatic patients. No fractures were identified in 110 awake, alert, oriented,
      and asymptomatic patients (P less than .0001). We conclude that pelvic
      radiographs are required in unconscious or impaired victims of severe blunt
      trauma and those with signs or symptoms of pelvic fractures but are not required
      in the awake, alert, and asymptomatic patient.

PMID- 3364831
TI  - Intraosseous infusions by prehospital personnel in critically ill pediatric
      patients.
AB  - A program to instruct ground and aeromedical prehospital emergency medical system
      providers in the intraosseous infusion technique was developed and implemented.
      Paramedics and flight nurses received training through lectures and performance
      of the procedure in several animal models. The records of attempts on 15 patients
      who subsequently received intraosseous infusions were then reviewed. An
      intraosseous infusion was successful in 12 of 15 attempts (80%), and all needles
      were placed in less than 30 seconds. Drugs administered included phenobarbitol,
      phenytoin, atropine, epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, isoproterenol, and
      pancuronium. Observed complications were limited to minimal subcutaneous
      infiltration in three cases and slow infusion in another. No serious sequelae
      were noted, but most patients did not survive and the ability of this study to
      detect sequelae may be limited. These data suggest that intraosseous infusion is
      a safe and reliable technique in the prehospital setting. Research is needed to
      study this technique in more detail.

PMID- 3364832
TI  - Evaluation of the 'golden period' for wound repair: 204 cases from a Third World
      emergency department.
AB  - Uncertainty about the existence and duration of a "golden period" for suture
      repair of simple wounds led us to evaluate prospectively the consequences of
      delayed primary closure on wound healing. Wounds were eligible for study if they
      were not grossly infected, and had no associated injuries to nerves, blood
      vessels, tendons, or bone. Three hundred seventy-two patients underwent suture
      repair; 204 (54.8%) returned for review seven days later. The mean time from
      wounding to repair for all patients was 24.2 +/- 18.8 hours. Wounds closed at up
      to 19 hours after wounding had a significantly higher rate of healing than those
      closed later: 82 of 89 (92.1%) compared with 89 of 115 (77.4%) (P less than .01).
      Of 23 wounds sutured 48 or more hours (mean, 65.3) after wounding, 18 (78.3%)
      were healing at follow-up. In contrast to wounds involving other body areas, the
      healing of head wounds was virtually independent of time from injury to repair:
      42 of 44 (95.5%) wounds involving the head and repaired later than 19 hours after
      injury were healing, compared with 47 of 71 (66.2%) of all other wounds (P less
      than .001). On the basis of these data we conclude that there is a 19-hour
      "golden period" for repair of simple wounds involving body areas other than the
      head, after which sutured wounds are significantly less likely to heal, and the
      healing of clean, simple wounds involving the head is unaffected by the interval
      between injury and repair.

PMID- 3364833
TI  - An analysis of the emergency medicine literature: 1982 through 1985.
AB  - This study analyzed the subject matter and type of articles published by the
      three peer-reviewed journals of emergency medicine from 1982 through 1985.
      Subject matter was classified by the author according to the Emergency Medicine
      Core Content. Articles were classified by type (research, case reports, reviews,
      editorials, etc). The data were cross-tabulated to determine how each of the
      subject areas was covered. The analysis included 1,573 contributions to the three
      journals over the four-year period. Results are reported for each journal. The
      small proportion of articles published on administration and education were
      mostly anecdotal information and only 14% to 15% were based on objective studies.
      A very small proportion of articles in general emergency medicine, 2% to 4%, were
      based on basic research. More than one-half of the basic research published in
      two of the three journals related to resuscitation. Two-thirds of the articles
      pertaining to toxicology were anecdotal. Articles pertaining to emergency medical
      services and trauma achieved a balanced distribution of type of articles. Major
      subject areas not covered over the four-year period are also reported and
      discussed.

PMID- 3364834
TI  - Congestive heart failure and respiratory arrest secondary to methyldopa-induced
      hemolytic anemia.
AB  - We report a case of methyldopa-induced hemolytic anemia in a 64-year-old woman
      who presented to the emergency department in congestive heart and respiratory
      failure. She subsequently suffered a respiratory arrest and required endotracheal
      intubation and brief CPR. After the initial evaluation revealed anemia and a 3+
      positive Coombs' test, a diagnosis of methyldopa-induced hemolytic anemia was
      entertained. Withdrawal of the drug and supportive therapy resulted in the
      complete recovery of the patient. Emergency physicians should be aware of this
      syndrome and be able to diagnose it early in its course, avoiding potential
      morbidity and mortality. A discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis,
      treatment, and prognosis of the syndrome is given.

PMID- 3364835
TI  - MAST application in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a
      child.
AB  - A case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in a child with
      successful termination of the arrhythmia by military antishock trouser (MAST)
      application is described. The use of MAST application in terminating PSVT in
      adults has been previously reported. Ours is the first such case reported using
      this method in the therapy of PSVT in children. Our report suggests that MAST
      application may be another maneuver to add to those vagal maneuvers known to be
      of benefit in the termination of PSVT in children as well as in adults.

PMID- 3364836
TI  - Cricoarytenoiditis as a cause of acute airway obstruction in children.
AB  - A 4-1/2-year-old girl with a one-year history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      was admitted with severe respiratory distress requiring endotracheal intubation.
      Arthritis of the cricoarytenoid joint was diagnosed and she responded well to
      intubation and high-dose steroids. Although well described in adults, this is
      only the third case report of a child afflicted with arthritis of the
      cricoarytenoid joint.

PMID- 3364837
TI  - An unusual case of condylar dislocation.
AB  - A 28-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle accident sustained bilateral
      mandibular condyle dislocation into the infratemporal fossae. Conventional
      manipulations were unsuccessful in relocating the condyles. By simulating the
      dislocations on a dried skull, it was evident that the coronoid processes were
      trapped anteriorly and superiorly to zygomatic arches. An open surgical approach
      was required to relocate the condyles.

PMID- 3364838
TI  - The suicidal jailhouse hanging.
AB  - Jailhouse suicide is commonly attempted by hanging. Two prisoners recently have
      been treated in our trauma service after unsuccessful attempts at suicidal
      hanging. Both of our patients demonstrated problems related to hypoxic
      encephalopathy, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and mental status change, all
      as a result of this injury. These patients' hospital course illustrates some of
      the salient features in the management of this unusual patient population.

PMID- 3364839
TI  - Metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma: two cases.
AB  - Gestational choriocarcinoma is a rare, aggressive cancer of post-partum women. It
      metastasizes rapidly and can initially appear with involvement of the
      gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, or central nervous systems. Some
      reported cases show only metastatic foci with apparent spontaneous resolution of
      the primary site. We present two cases of gestational choriocarcinoma, showing
      some of these unusual presentations of a primarily gynecological problem.

PMID- 3364840
TI  - Fast track.

PMID- 3364841
TI  - 'Kiss and yell,' a rattlesnake bite to the tongue.

PMID- 3364842
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3364843
TI  - Lidocaine unpredictable for patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in
      atrial fibrillation.

PMID- 3364844
TI  - Changes in resuscitation protocol outpace publication deadlines.

PMID- 3364845
TI  - Existence of a rare entity: combined pregnancy.

PMID- 3364846
TI  - Be thou prepared to meet your community?

PMID- 3364848
TI  - External transcutaneous pacemakers in prehospital cardiac arrest.

PMID- 3364847
TI  - An answer for a questionable allergy to local anesthetics.

PMID- 3364849
TI  - Research of interest to emergency medicine.

PMID- 3364850
TI  - The efficacy of clinical findings in carpal navicular fractures.

PMID- 3364852
TI  - Pavlovian conditioning. It's not what you think it is.

PMID- 3364851
TI  - Naloxone-induced hypertension in patients on clonidine.

PMID- 3364853
TI  - Ageism, psychology, and public policy.

PMID- 3364854
TI  - Ageism in psychological research.

PMID- 3364855
TI  - Ageism revised and the provision of psychological services.

PMID- 3364856
TI  - Mental health and aging. The need for an expanded federal response.

PMID- 3364857
TI  - Parietal cell vagotomy for bleeding duodenal ulcers.
AB  - From January 1978 to December 1985, 22 parietal cell vagotomies for bleeding
      peptic ulcers were performed at the Charleston Area Medical Center. Twenty of
      these operations were done for acute bleeding with an overall complication rate
      of 27 per cent. There was only one operative mortality, and these results
      coincide with those of the world literature. Follow-up ranges from 1 month to 6
      years with an average of 2 and one half years. Seventy-eight per cent of our
      patients had a good result defined as either Visick class I (ten patients) or
      Visick class II (four patients). All of the patients, with the exception of the
      one mortality, had control of the bleeding. Therefore, the authors believe
      parietal cell vagotomy should be considered in the treatment of acute bleeding
      peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 3364858
TI  - The effect of nalbuphine on the common bile duct pressure.
AB  - The effect of Nalbuphine on the common bile duct pressure of ten women who had
      cholecystectomy and common duct exploration for cholelithiasis and
      choledocholithiasis was studied. In this pilot study, intravenously inject
      Nalbuphine (20 mg) significantly raised the common duct pressure (P less than
      0.01). However, none of the patients experienced pain as a result of the
      elevation in the biliary pressure; there was no deleterious cardiopulmonary
      effect.

PMID- 3364859
TI  - Minimal trauma cholecystectomy (a "no-touch" procedure in a "well").
AB  - Salient features of an operative technique designed to reduce to a minimum the
      iatrogenic trauma of cholecystectomy include a limited incision, muscle
      retraction (instead of division), specific packing and retraction, and distant
      manipulations by long instruments. Eighty two unselected consecutive patients
      with primary gallbladder disease underwent operation by this technique. Two
      permanently bed-confined patients were excluded from study. Acute cholecystitis
      was documented by histopathology review in 23 cases and chronic cholecystitis in
      57 cases. Case material included usual pre-existing concomitant medical problems;
      five patients meeting formal criteria for the diagnosis of morbid obesity; 15
      patients exceeding 199 pounds and one weighing 315 pounds; ambulatory
      (outpatient) cholecystectomy; 17 patients over 70 and four patients over 80 years
      of age; five gangrenous and one perforated gallbladders, and perigallbladder
      abscesses without gangrene in one case; and conspicuous absence of respiratory
      complications. Median and average incision length was 5.5 cm. There were no major
      and five minor complications. Recent experience demonstrated safe performance of
      elective cholecystectomy for chronic disease, regardless of degree of patient
      obesity, with median incision length 5 cm, median operative time 65 minutes and
      median post-operative hospital stay 2 days.

PMID- 3364860
TI  - Primary lymphoma of the large intestine.
AB  - Three cases of primary colonic lymphoma are presented and the literature for this
      disease is reviewed. Colonic lymphoma occurs in from 0.5 to 2 per cent of all
      cases of neoplastic disease of the colon, and comprises 15 to 20 per cent of
      cases of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. The disease can occur at any age,
      from 3 years to 89 years; the average age is 50 years. Men are affected twice as
      often as women. The disease most commonly presents as a painful abdominal mass.
      The cecum is the area of involvement in 70 per cent of cases. The tumors are
      usually large, averaging over 7 centimeters. The most common histological types
      are histiocytic or lymphocytic tumors. Surgery is the principle treatment mode;
      about half are thought to be potentially curable at the time of surgical
      exploration. The role of adjuvant therapy has not yet been clearly defined,
      although data from some studies indicate increased survival in those patients
      given adjuvant radiation therapy. Survival is decreased in patients with tumors
      larger than 5 centimeters or with histiocytic cell type. Overall 5-year survival
      is 39 per cent.

PMID- 3364861
TI  - Hemic micronutrients following vertical banded gastroplasty.
AB  - Serum iron, folate, B12 and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were obtained
      preoperatively and at 6-month intervals in 40 morbidly obese patients who
      underwent VGB. Deficiencies of hemic micronutrients rarely occurred following
      VBG. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were within normal limits at all times.
      Some patients experienced transitory depression of nutrients at six months
      postoperatively, during the period of most rapid weight loss and lowest dietary
      intake. These levels return to normal by one year in almost all cases. Low B12
      levels were observed in four patients at 1 year. All had been above 120 per cent
      overweight and had lost in excess of 100 pounds in the first postoperative year.
      These data indicate that hemic micronutrients remain at normal levels following
      VBG. B12 levels should be followed to determine possible need for supplementation
      other than that provided by usual daily multivitamin preparations in patients
      above 120 per cent ideal weight loss exceeding 100 lbs in the first postoperative
      year.

PMID- 3364862
TI  - The case for prophylactic cholecystectomy concomitant with gastric restriction
      for morbid obesity.
AB  - The pre and postoperative incidence of cholelithiasis were investigated in
      patients undergoing bariatric surgery at the University of Florida. The first
      part of the study was retrospective and revealed a pre and 24-month postoperative
      incidence of cholelithiasis of 30 and 40 percent respectively. Age and
      postoperative interval were not predictive of cholelithiasis. Patients with
      cholelithiasis had a significantly greater weight loss (130 +/- 61.0 lbs) than
      those without stones (109 +/- 59.9 lbs) P = 0.04. Men had a significantly greater
      weight loss than women (160 +/- 15 lbs SEM versus 99 +/- 7 lbs SEM) as well as a
      higher incidence of cholelithiasis (53 and 24%, respectively). In the second,
      prospective part of the study, cholecystectomy was performed in 73 consecutive
      patients concomitant with their bariatric procedure. Ninety six per cent of
      removed gallbladders had gross or histologic abnormalities including
      cholelithiasis in 27 per cent and cholesterolosis/cholecystitis in 69 per cent.
      The incidence of cholelithiasis was higher than that found in the retrospective
      series by preoperative ultrasound. The bariatric surgical patient is clearly at
      risk for the development of postoperative cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. The
      risk appears to be related to the amount of weight loss. In addition, some
      gallstones may remain undetected at the time of surgery. We therefore recommend
      prophylactic cholecystectomy at the time of bariatric surgery.

PMID- 3364863
TI  - Appendicitis: the perforation rate when reviewed by decades in a general
      hospital.
AB  - Acute appendicitis at this medical center for 1984 was reviewed and compared with
      previous studies reporting 1944 and 1964. In 1984, the perforation rate was
      strikingly higher than the earlier years. It was zero in 1944, rose to 13.6 per
      cent in 1964, and to 31.4 per cent in 1984. One quarter of perforations in 1984
      occurred during the first decade of life. In 1984, 14 per cent (10/70) of all
      patients with appendicitis were examined by a physician prior to eventual
      hospitalization; nine had perforated the appendix, representing 41 per cent of
      all perforations. Major factors responsible for the increase in perforations
      included (1) an increase in patients less than ten years old (a group at high
      risk for perforation), and (2) physician or patient delay in hospitalization. We
      suggest that physician and public education, which has proven effective in the
      past, should be reinstituted. Critical review of appendicitis should be carried
      out at individual institutions to identify, and thus, modify trends in this
      disease. Perforation increases morbidity and cost, yet is easily avoidable.

PMID- 3364864
TI  - Synchronous bacterial and fungal septicemia. A marker for the critically ill
      surgical patient.
AB  - Mixed septicemia (synchronous fungal and bacterial septicemia) is an occasional,
      but often fatal occurrence in the critically ill patient. We reviewed 14 such
      cases at two hospitals. Twelve of 14 patients were in the surgical intensive care
      unit. Eleven patients had an average of 2.7 major surgical procedures (range 2 to
      4); persistent post-operative peritoneal sepsis was common occurring in 9
      patients. Bacteremia preceded mixed septicemia in 8 of 14 cases and gram negative
      enteric bacilli were the most common causes of bacteremia. Fungemia was due to
      Candida species in 13 of 14 patients and followed prolonged antibiotic therapy.
      The diagnosis of disseminated candidiasis was suspected during life in 13
      patients and proven in six. Mixed septicemia is a marker for a distinct
      population of critically ill surgical patients with a high overall mortality (78%
      in this study). Culture of both a fungal and bacterial pathogen in a blood
      culture, especially if preceded by bacteremia, should alert the physician to
      strongly suspect disseminated fungal infection and to commence appropriate
      treatment. Mortality is likely to remain high unless the underlying disease
      states can be rapidly corrected and infection controlled.

PMID- 3364865
TI  - Scalpel versus electrocautery in modified radical mastectomy.
AB  - Forty nine consecutive mastectomy patients were randomized to one of two groups.
      Twenty four patients had skin flaps created with the cold scalpel and twenty five
      with the electrocautery. The two groups were similar with respect to age, stage
      of disease, size of tumor, and weight. Cautery patients had significantly less
      operative blood loss when compared with scalpel patients, 352 versus 507
      milliliters, respectively, P less than 0.05. No cautery patient required
      transfusion compared with three transfused scalpel patients, P less than .005.
      Total postoperative hemovac drainage and hospital stay were not significantly
      different between the two groups. Although the number of fever days and wound
      complications were slightly higher in the cautery group, the difference was not
      statistically significant. The electrocautery may be superior to the scalpel for
      mastectomy.

PMID- 3364866
TI  - Ventral hernia following abdominal aortic reconstruction.
AB  - An unexpectedly high frequency of ventral incisional hernia in our aortic
      reconstruction patients prompted us to review a recent three year period. Of 76
      aortic reconstruction patients, 66 were evaluable for at least one year following
      their aortic procedure. In these 66 patients, ventral incisional hernias occurred
      in 14 (21.2%). Of statistical significance (P less than .01) was that ten of the
      14 hernias occurred in the 27 aneurysm patients (37%) and four occurred in the 39
      occlusive disease patients (10%). Though a comparison group of aneurysm patients
      is not available in the literature, the incidence of hernia in our occlusive
      disease population is consistent with the literature experience when careful long
      term follow-up is employed. These observations may represent another
      manifestation of previously reported differences between aortic aneurysm and
      occlusive atherosclerotic populations.

PMID- 3364867
TI  - Combining abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy with gastrointestinal or biliary
      surgery.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to compare the morbidity and mortality of
      patients who had simultaneous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) resection and
      gastrointestinal (GI) or biliary surgery with patients who had AAA resection
      alone. This series consisted of 89 patients who underwent surgery over a 6-year
      period (January, 1980 through December, 1985) at St. Elizabeth Hospital Medical
      Center. The patients were separated into three groups: group 1 had elective AAA
      resection; group 2 had AAA resection and a GI or biliary procedure
      simultaneously; and group 3 had resection of a ruptured AAA. The patients in
      groups 1 and 2 were similar with respect to sex, age, surgeons, estimated blood
      loss, operative time, preoperative risk factors and hospital stay. The patients
      in group 3 had shorter preoperative and longer postoperative hospital stays, were
      older, and had greater preoperative risk. The morbidity and mortality of the
      patients in group 2 were consistently the same or less than that of patients in
      group 1, even when individual surgeons and preoperative risk factors were
      compared. The patients in group 3 had a significantly higher morbidity and
      mortality. This article reviews the literature on management of patients with
      simultaneous AAA and other intraabdominal pathology and presents a suggested
      approach to treatment.

PMID- 3364868
TI  - A clinical review of patients undergoing resection for pulmonary hamartoma.
AB  - Both the radiology and surgery literature mention "popcorn calcification" as a
      diagnostic aid in identifying pulmonary hamartomas. Nineteen patients underwent
      resection of pulmonary hamartomas at North Carolina Memorial Hospital between
      January 1969 and February 1983, representing 1.9 per cent of all thoracotomies
      performed for pulmonary disease. Of the 19 patients, there were 12 men (63%) and
      7 women (37%), and most were asymptomatic. Chest x-ray demonstrated 12 right
      sided and 7 left-sided lesions. All masses were located peripherally in the lung
      parenchyma and in no instance was calcification present. Fourteen wedge
      resections and 5 lobectomies were performed. Pathologic examination confirmed the
      absence of calcification; however, in two cases (11%) an associated malignancy
      was present. There were no operative deaths and only minor postoperative
      complications. All problems resolved without difficulty. These data show that
      pulmonary hamartomas are not commonly associated with calcification, and there
      may be an increased association with carcinoma of the lung. Excision can be
      performed with minimal morbidity and is necessary to distinguish hamartomas from
      malignant lesions.

PMID- 3364869
TI  - Surgical needle holder damage to sutures.
AB  - Needle holder jaws with teeth produce distinct structural changes in synthetic
      sutures that cause a marked reduction in the suture breaking strength. This
      damage to the suture may account for disruptions of vascular and fascial wound
      closures in which continuous closure techniques are employed.

PMID- 3364870
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithrotripsy of intrahepatic stones. Case presentation
      and review of the literature.
AB  - Primary hepatolithiasis, although rare, is a difficult condition requiring the
      combined management of radiology and surgery. Use of extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy and percutaneous stone extraction, along with improved biliary
      drainage by choledochojejunostomy, should provide a safe effective approach to
      this unusual problem.

PMID- 3364871
TI  - Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma (report of two cases).
AB  - Two cases of papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst that were treated in
      our department are presented. Differential diagnosis and pathological features
      are emphasized. Radical excision of the cyst according to Sistrunk's technique is
      recommended. The recent literature concerning this subject is reviewed.

PMID- 3364872
TI  - The incidence of postoperative hernia as related to the site of insertion of
      permanent peritoneal catheter.
AB  - Fifteen per cent of patients with end stage renal insufficiency are being treated
      in Greece with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Postoperative
      hernia, which is mostly incisional, is a complication which may compromise the
      efficacy of the method. We present our experience on patients undergoing CAPD,
      concerning this complication.

PMID- 3364873
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis perihepatitis].
AB  - Fifteen observations of perihepatitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis were studied.
      Occurring in young women (M: 29, 3 years), genital infection is seldom
      simultaneous, sometimes not even found in the case history (5 times out of 15).
      Women consult for a biliary type of pain (11 cases out of 15), associated with
      pelvic pain (2 cases). The diagnosis of perihepatitis is suspected on the
      normality of usual further investigations, and confirmed by laboratory tests:
      rarely by direct sighting (2 cases out of 8) but each time with a positive
      serology and a titer of antibodies higher than 1/64 by the micro
      immunofluorescence method. Treatment by Cyclins (13 cases) or Macrolids (2 cases)
      leads to the regression of the painful symptoms during the first week.

PMID- 3364874
TI  - [Clinico-immunological profile of hepatic and extrahepatic diseases accompanied
      by anti-mitochondrial antibodies].
AB  - In a 13 year retrospective study mitochondrial antibodies were found in 1.71 p.
      100 of patients about 60 years old with a strong female predominance. The
      presence of these antibodies was associated with a significantly increased level
      of the three classes of immunoglobulin and a marked cholestatic syndrome. In 76.9
      p. 100 of cases the antibodies were associated with hepatic disease, mainly of
      immunological origin (67.7 p. 100). Primary biliary cirrhosis was the most
      frequent with significantly increased levels of mitochondrial antibodies,
      immunoglobin M, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol. However, there was no
      correlation between the antibody levels and the clinical, biological and
      histological stages, thus ruling out any prognostic significance. The use of
      human cultured cells in the antibody detection assay increased the positivity of
      antinuclear antibodies compared with assays using classical rat liver substrates.
      Six sera were positive for anticentromere antibodies: 5/6 showed signs of the
      CRST syndrome with a primary biliary cirrhosis in 3/5 cases. The frequency of the
      association of primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases supports
      the results of previous reports as well as the finding of an association between
      mitochondrial antibodies and other auto-antibodies. In 3 cases primary biliary
      cirrhosis was associated with a chronic pancreatitis, suggesting a pluriglandular
      sicca syndrome, and in 3 other cases with a monoclonal IgA gammopathy.
      Mitochondrial antibodies are associated with other auto-immune non-hepatic
      diseases in 15.4 p. 100 of cases. The presence of increased levels of
      mitochondrial antibodies without any other auto-antibody associated with a
      chronic non-surgical cholestasis and an increased level of immunoglobulin M is
      still strongly suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 3364875
TI  - [Fever caused by metapramine. Diagnosis of fever caused by psychotropic drugs].
AB  - Because of two hyperthermias, due to metapramine a french antidepressives of the
      tricyclic family, international literature concerning drug fever induced by
      psychotropics was reviewed. This study stresses the fact that apart from
      neuroleptics which are frequently involved in that type of accident, other
      psychotropics are very rarely responsible of hyperthermia. One hundred and five
      cases published since 1970 and sufficiently well documented to be analysed
      according to Dangoumeau's french method of imputation of side effects of drugs,
      were reviewed. Among these cases, one hundred (95%) corresponded to malignant
      syndrome of neuroleptics, 89 concerned neuroleptics alone, and 11, neuroleptics
      associated with other psychotropics. Regarding the different mechanisms which can
      explain drug fever as described by Lipsky, it seems that concerning psychotropics
      two types may be retained: Fever due to central dysregulation directly induced by
      drugs, and mainly, immunoallergic fever, the most frequently seen as described in
      our two cases.

PMID- 3364876
TI  - [Psychiatric emergency in the general hospital in 1987: value of a
      multidisciplinary approach].

PMID- 3364877
TI  - [Primary hepatoportal sclerosis. Current form of Banti syndrome? Apropos of a
      case].

PMID- 3364878
TI  - Reaction time, speed of performance, and age.

PMID- 3364879
TI  - Central determinants of age-related declines in motor function.

PMID- 3364880
TI  - Aging-dependent emergence of sensorimotor dysfunction in rats recovered from
      dopamine depletion sustained early in life.

PMID- 3364881
TI  - Age-related variability.

PMID- 3364882
TI  - Quantitative analysis of behavioral pharmacological data.

PMID- 3364883
TI  - Dopaminergic changes in the basal ganglia. A generalized phenomenon of aging in
      mammals.

PMID- 3364884
TI  - Characteristic patterns of gait in the healthy old.
AB  - If the influences of aging processes on gait are to be understood, gerontologists
      must become better versed in experimental methodology appropriate to locomotion
      research. They must also begin to conduct experiments that move beyond mere
      description. Systematic research efforts that are interdisciplinary in nature and
      that incorporate several types of gait analyses will be needed to discover the
      causes of adaptations and impairments of gait in the aged. Certainly, this will
      not be easy to accomplish; however, we hope that the work reported here
      demonstrates this approach is possible and worthwhile.

PMID- 3364885
TI  - Basal ganglia dopamine receptor autoradiography and age-related movement
      disorders.

PMID- 3364886
TI  - Age-related changes in the nigrostriatal system.
AB  - These data support the view that the rate at which an organism ages is a
      summation of factors throughout life. While some cells seem to remain stable or
      even grow with age, others show significant regression. In this regard, different
      populations of striatal neurons show unique and different patterns of growth and
      development with advancing age. While aspiny II neurons show peak growth by 10
      months of age, aspiny I and medium spiny I cells do not reach a growth peak until
      much later in life. In addition, our data support the notion that the occurrence
      and severity of structural changes in the aged brain are not distributed
      homogeneously and that many of the so-called "age-related" changes that were once
      generalized to the entire brain are brain-region, cell-type, and species
      specific. Furthermore, our data reinforces the concept that the correlation of
      structure and function is central to the analysis of an aging population because
      considerable differences may be found in data based on functionally impaired and
      unimpaired groups.

PMID- 3364887
TI  - The neurobiology of cerebellar senescence.

PMID- 3364888
TI  - Age-related changes in cerebellar noradrenergic function.

PMID- 3364889
TI  - Parkinsonian symptomatology. An anatomical and physiological analysis.

PMID- 3364890
TI  - Effects of age on the motor unit. A study on single motor units in the rat.

PMID- 3364891
TI  - Neurophysiological and morphological alterations in caudate neurons in aged cats.

PMID- 3364892
TI  - The sympathoadrenal medullary functions in aged rats under anesthesia.

PMID- 3364893
TI  - Cognitive aspects of motor functioning.

PMID- 3364894
TI  - Neostriatal dopamine uptake and reversal of age-related movement disorders with
      dopamine-uptake inhibitors.

PMID- 3364895
TI  - Exercise effects on aged motor function.

PMID- 3364896
TI  - Neuropharmacological intervention with motor system aging.

PMID- 3364897
TI  - Effect of AL 721, a novel membrane fluidizer, on the binding parameters of brain
      dopamine receptors.

PMID- 3364898
TI  - Response preparation and posture control. Neuromuscular changes in the older
      adult.
AB  - Experiments comparing the characteristics of neuromuscular responses underlying
      balance control in young and old adults have shown a number of differences
      between the two populations. Postural muscle response latencies of the ankle
      musculature activated by external threats to balance are slightly, but
      significantly, longer in the latter population. In addition, some aging subjects
      show a temporal reversal of proximal and distal muscle response onset in some
      trials. There is also a breakdown of the correlation of the amplitude of the
      muscle responses within a synergy in some of the older subjects tested. Older
      adults also exhibited cocontraction of agonist and antagonist muscles within a
      response synergy to a greater extent than young adults. This stiffening of the
      joints by antagonist cocontraction could be a compensation for the lack of the
      ability to fine-tune the postural responses to the same degree as the young
      adults. Analysis of sensory integration abilities showed an impairment in balance
      control under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory information. When they
      were given inappropriate visual and somatosensory inputs, half of the older
      adults lost balance on the first trial. In most instances, however, the older
      adults were able to maintain balance during a second trial consisting of the same
      sensory stimuli. When visual cues were reduced by restricting the visual field to
      either central or peripheral visual cues, we found no difference in postural
      muscle response latencies. However, the aging adult group showed more losses of
      balance than the younger group with peripheral vision removed or with eyes
      closed. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the subjects that
      showed stronger deficits on an initial neurological exam and the number of times
      that balance was lost. Studies on changes in the linkage between postural and
      voluntary muscle interactions during voluntary arm movements in older adults
      indicate an increase in the latency of feed-forward activation of postural
      muscles. However, voluntary muscle response onset latencies show greater
      increases in the old compared to the young. This suggests that deterioration of
      the speed of activation of the postural control system is not the only factor
      that limits the speed of voluntary movement onset. Measurements have not yet been
      made on the amplitude regulation of feed-forward responses of postural muscles
      during a voluntary task. It may be that the regulation of the speed of activation
      of the two systems is less important than the fine tuning of the correlation of
      appropriate response amplitudes between the two systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3364899
TI  - Human motor behavior and aging.

PMID- 3364900
TI  - Motor performance variability during aging in rodents. Assessment of reliability
      and validity of individual differences.

PMID- 3364901
TI  - Adaptivity as a paradigm for age-dependent changes exemplified by motor behavior.

PMID- 3364902
TI  - [Deformities of the nasal septum and pyramid in children. Indications and
      technics for septoplasty and septorhinoplasty].

PMID- 3364903
TI  - [Efficacy of internal sphincteromyectomy in the treatment of chronic constipation
      in children. Apropos of 55 cases].

PMID- 3364904
TI  - [Appendicitis in infants. Apropos of 26 cases in 20 years].

PMID- 3364905
TI  - [Congenital anomalies of the pyeloureteral junction in children. Multicenter
      study of 985 cases in 883 children].

PMID- 3364906
TI  - [Conservative treatment of splenic trauma in children. Apropos of 15 cases].

PMID- 3364907
TI  - [Why monitor infants born to mothers who had a seroconversion for toxoplasmosis
      during pregnancy? Reality and risk of subclinical congenital toxoplasmosis in
      children. Review of 30,768 births].

PMID- 3364908
TI  - [Incontinentia pigmenti or Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome. Apropos of a case in a male
      infant].

PMID- 3364909
TI  - [Non-traumatic myositis ossificans circumscripta with cervical localization.
      Contribution of x-ray computed tomography].

PMID- 3364910
TI  - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen in children. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3364911
TI  - [Gaseous urine in a 7-year-old girl].

PMID- 3364912
TI  - [Accelerated desensitization to house dust acari in children. Comments apropos of
      a 1-year follow-up in 15 cases].

PMID- 3364913
TI  - [Growth hormone deficiency and primary empty sella turcica in children].

PMID- 3364914
TI  - [Intracerebral germinal tumor: usefulness of the systematic determination of the
      chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG)].

PMID- 3364915
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma of the cheek, malar region, and lower eyelid: the role of
      large cheek-neck flaps.
AB  - A retrospective study was performed analyzing 521 consecutive patients who had
      either lower eyelid, malar region, or cheek reconstruction performed from January
      1960 through December 1985. Of the group, 285 patients had basal cell carcinoma
      (BCC) of the cheek and malar regions, and 236 had BCC of the lower eyelid. In
      this paper we reevaluate and illustrate the repair of different-sized lower
      eyelid, malar, and cheek defects at various locations by interpolated sliding
      skin flaps from the cheek and neck. Very satisfactory aesthetic results have been
      obtained and have been evaluated with follow-up observations and treatment
      discussed. In the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in these areas, large
      cheek (or cheek and neck) flaps are preferred in 26 cases. This report shows
      three examples of the surgery.

PMID- 3364916
TI  - Natural color system--a new method for evaluating skin colors during argon laser
      treatment of port-wine stain.
AB  - In the natural color system (NCS) the notations are based on psychometric
      experiments and give a cognitive description of color appearance. It is shown by
      clinical examples that the NCS is a useful method for evaluating laser treatment
      results, and that NCS also makes it possible to express the results in numerical
      values in 2 ways.

PMID- 3364917
TI  - Bony and soft tissue reconstruction and rehabilitation following traumatic
      hemipelvectomy, exsanguination and cardiac arrest.
AB  - Survival following traumatic hemipelvectomy in the child with subsequent local
      flap coverage of wounds has been previously described. The use of axial skin
      flaps and thigh and rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps for coverage of
      hemipelvectomy defects following tumor extirpation has also been noted in the
      literature. The use of muscle flaps to salvage otherwise nonvital bone and to
      eradicate osteomyelitis with subsequent wound closure has also been thoroughly
      demonstrated both clinically and experimentally. The use of musculocutaneous
      flaps to revascularize otherwise nonviable bone of the pelvis and thus maintain
      the pelvic girdle integrity, however, has not to our knowledge been previously
      reported. We recently had an opportunity to treat such a case, which we herein
      describe.

PMID- 3364918
TI  - Modified Orticochea pharyngoplasty for the correction of a feeding problem
      associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
AB  - Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a collection of congenital anomalies. Its victims
      present considerable burdens in home care, not the least of which is feeding. The
      use of the modified Orticochea pharyngoplasty for correction of nasal food
      emission affords the opportunity for application of plastic surgical principles
      to seemingly unrelated clinical events. The salient features of the syndrome are
      presented, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3364919
TI  - Self-inflicted hand injuries: diagnostic challenge and treatment.
AB  - Self-inflicted injuries are probably more common than is generally appreciated.
      Three patients with self-inflicted hand injuries are described. A delay in making
      the correct diagnosis resulted in severe hand disability in 2 of the patients.
      Early diagnosis of this entity, combined with prompt psychotherapy, prevented
      disability in the third. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the importance
      of early diagnosis and psychotherapy is stressed.

PMID- 3364920
TI  - Unilateral choanal atresia in adults: a new surgical approach.
AB  - Unilateral choanal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasal
      passage occasionally seen by plastic surgeons. Because of nonspecific symptoms,
      this diagnosis can be overlooked for quite some time, and the patients may not
      seek treatment until adulthood. Traditionally, surgical correction has been
      through a transpalatal approach. Based on our previous orthognathic experience,
      we decided to use a Le Fort I osteotomy to expose the posterior choanae. By doing
      so we avoided disrupting the hard palate in an adolescent with a previously
      repaired submucous cleft who required removal of a unilateral choanal atresia.

PMID- 3364921
TI  - Mycobacterium chelonei tenosynovitis.
AB  - Most atypical Mycobacterium infections of the hand are caused by Mycobacterium
      marinum. We are presenting a rare case of a Mycobacterium chelonei tenosynovitis.
      The correct diagnosis is important because the chelonei species is resistant to
      most antituberculosis drugs. Treatment should include surgical debridement and
      long-term chemotherapy after sensitivities have been determined.

PMID- 3364922
TI  - Salvage of esophageal cripple with a lined pectoralis major tube flap.
AB  - A staged reconstructive procedure is described for the reconstruction of the
      entire thoracic esophagus. All primary alternatives for esophageal reconstruction
      were not applicable. The patient's thoracic esophagus was successfully
      reconstructed in two stages with a lined pectoralis major muscle tube, and it
      remains, eight months postoperatively, in good general condition without clinical
      or radiological evidence of any fistula, stricture, or obstruction. He enjoys an
      oral diet without restrictions and has gained a total of 19 pounds in the
      postoperative period.

PMID- 3364923
TI  - Radiographical documentation of direct injury of the intracanalicular segment of
      the optic nerve in the orbital apex syndrome.
AB  - In the radiographical evaluation of the orbital apex syndrome, standard
      radiographs, tomograms, and computed tomographic scans have proved useful in the
      demonstration of the bony pathology, especially for optic canal fractures. The
      limitation of these methods, however, remains in their inability to provide
      accurate delineation of the associated soft tissue pathology, including the
      presence of optic nerve sheath hematoma. Recent developments in computer
      technology and graphic imaging are now available to provide an accurate three
      dimensional radiographical analysis of the extent of skeletal and soft tissue
      injury in the orbital apex syndrome. The physician, in essence, can perform a
      radiographical "living autopsy". The technique was used to evaluate a patient
      with bilateral apex syndrome. It clearly showed that a severe direct injury to
      the intracanalicular portion of the optic nerve was responsible for the
      development of blindness in this patient. The progression of optic nerve injury,
      from perineural sheath hematoma to the ultimate development of optic nerve
      atrophy and fibrosis, was radiographically documented.

PMID- 3364924
TI  - Anatomical considerations in the repair of macrostomia.
AB  - Macrostomia is a deformity that occurs alone or in combination with other
      anomalies as a result of a failure of merging of the maxillary and mandibular
      processes of the first branchial arch. In an attempt to restore normal anatomy, a
      repair has been designed that includes provision of a lighter shade, rounded,
      nonrugated vermilion surface for the new oral commissure. The muscular ring is
      also reconstructed, and a Z-plasty is incorporated into the skin closure. In the
      patient described, an interesting band of fibrotic tissue was identified in the
      cleft, connecting the upper and lower orbicularis muscle bundles. Histologically,
      this tissue resembled scarred muscle fibers. A five-year follow-up is provided.

PMID- 3364925
TI  - Custom dressing holder.

PMID- 3364926
TI  - Re: Dardour: treatment of male baldness.

PMID- 3364927
TI  - Re: Cocke and Sampson: silicone bleed associated with double-lumen breast
      prostheses.

PMID- 3364928
TI  - [Early atheromatosis. Study of a series of 55 cases of arteritis of the lower
      limbs in young adults].
AB  - The study of 55 cases of atheromatous arteritis, representing 67.6 p. cent of the
      arteriopathies observed in young adults, permits to emphasize the following three
      points: 1) the classical risk factors of atheroma are frequently identified, but
      the importance of these multiple risk factors must be stressed; 2) aorto-iliac
      segmental forms represent a type of lesion which is rather typical of arteritis
      in young patients; an elective aorto-iliac involvement was noted in 56.3 p. cent
      of cases, beside more diffuse forms resembling the usual atheromatous forms; 3)
      the evolutive potential of these arteriopathies is difficult to evaluate and the
      type of lesion caused by arterial overload seems to be the most interesting
      factor to do so.

PMID- 3364929
TI  - [Self-poisoning with propafenone. Apropos of a case].
AB  - The authors report one case of voluntary intoxication induced with 2,700 mg of
      propafenone in a 23 y.o. man presenting a right ventricle dysplasia. The
      intoxication is expressed by a blood pressure drop with convulsions and
      conduction disorders: 1st degree A-V block and transient right bundle branch
      block. The serum levels of propafenone, initially at 3,185 ng/ml reach
      therapeutic levels in 8 hours.

PMID- 3364930
TI  - [Auriculoventricular blocks in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Course
      and prognosis. Apropos of 90 cases].
AB  - The objective is to study the clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics
      as well as the course of myocardial infarction complicated by atrio-ventricular
      block (AVB), and to propose a management to acute myocardial infarction with A-V
      block. This study concerns 90 patients (78 men and 12 women), with a mean age of
      58 years. The overall frequency of AVB is 7.6 p. cent. The infarction is most of
      the time found posteriorly (51 p. cent of the cases). Syncopes are essentially
      seen in complete AVB (81 p. cent) and with deep antero-septal necrosis (73 p.
      cent). Heart failure is especially the complication of anterior (73 p. cent) and
      deep septal (78 p. cent) necrosis. The mortality of myocardial infarction
      complicated by A-V block (41 p. cent) is higher than that of uncomplicated
      necroses (15 p. cent). The prognosis is usually favorable in posteriorly located
      infarctions where the A-V block is usually regressive and benign while it is much
      more severe in other locations where the conduction disorders associated with
      severe myocardial lesions. Temporary and/or permanent electrosystolic stimulation
      must be well codified in its indications which should be broadened, especially in
      case of anterior or deep septal necrosis.

PMID- 3364931
TI  - [Sinocarotid hypersensitivity].
AB  - Hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus corresponds to a ventricular pause equal to
      or exceeding 3 seconds and/or a blood pressure drop equal to or exceeding 50
      mmHg, induced by massage of the carotid sinus (MCS). MCS remains the diagnostic
      method of these two syndromes: cardio-inhibitor/vasodepressor. It must be
      performed systematically during the work-up of transient consciousness disorders
      since it is not unusual that hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus may cause
      cardiac syncopes. In addition, hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus is often
      associated with sinus dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction disorders. In
      the case of hypersensitivity of the carotid sinus with syncope secondary to a
      pure or dominant cardio-inhibiting response, heart stimulation with a dual
      chamber pacemaker is probably the best treatment. In cases of hypersensitivity of
      the carotid sinus without syncope, therapeutic abstention is commonly accepted.

PMID- 3364932
TI  - [Limitations of scintigraphy using metaiodobenzylguanidine for locating
      pheochromocytomas. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two cases of MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) scintigraphy are reported: the first
      case concerns a female patient hospitalized for high blood pressure (HBP) with
      symptoms evocative of pheochromocytoma. Urinary titration of catecholamines
      metabolites, which are usually abnormally high, and tomodensitometry permit the
      visualization of a left adrenal tumor. On the contrary, the MIBG scintigraphy
      does not show any abnormal fixation. After resection, the pathological
      examination confirms the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The second case concerns
      a female patient hospitalized for HBP with, on the chest X-Ray, a left postero
      inferior density. Serum and urinary catecholamine levels are normal.
      Tomodensitometry confirms the tumor of the posterior mediastinum and the MIBG
      scintigraphy demonstrates a focus of thoracic opposite the tumor. After
      resection, the pathological examination shows an ectopic supernumerary bronchial
      bud. These two cases illustrate the limitations of MIBG scintigraphy to locate
      pheochromocytomas. There are false negative (10%) which may be explained by an
      insufficient uptake of the tracer by the tumor, by an insufficient image
      formation or by medication interferences. On the contrary, there may be false
      positives because of histochemical similarities between the chromaffin tissues
      and certain glandular or neural tumors. Nevertheless, in spite of serious
      limitations, which we must be aware of, MIBG scintigraphy remains the best
      primary examination for the location of pheochromocytomas.

PMID- 3364933
TI  - Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell associated monoclonal antibodies HRS-1 and HRS-2
      react with activated cells of lymphoid and monocytoid origin.
AB  - The two monoclonal antibodies HRS-1 and HRS-2, which were obtained after
      immunization with the Hodgkin's derived cell line L428, detect different epitopes
      on a 120 kd antigen. This antigen is present on Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg
      (H&RS) cells in all subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma and on large cell anaplastic
      non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The H&RS- associated 120 kd antigen appears to be a non
      lineage specific activation antigen, as it is not present on normal B and T
      lymphocytes or monocytes, but appears on these cells after activation. Because of
      their restricted reactivity with H&RS cells, HRS-1 and HRS-2 alone or in
      combination may be helpful for immunoimaging and immunotherapy of Hodgkin's
      lymphomas.

PMID- 3364934
TI  - In vivo and in vitro effects of fish-containing diets on colon tumour cells in
      rats.
AB  - Polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, abundant in sea fish, can inhibit the growth of
      chemoinduced or transplanted mammary tumours in the rat. Since mammary and
      colonic cancers have both been linked to a high fat consumption, we studied the
      effect of 2 diets moderately (7% fish meal) or strongly (9% fish oil) enriched in
      fish fatty acids on the growth of colon cancer cells subcutaneously inoculated
      into syngeneic rats. The diets had no effect on the in vivo tumor growth and on
      the in vitro tumouricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages or splenic
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 3364935
TI  - Lethal efficacy of doxorubicin on human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells in
      vitro.
AB  - Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was evaluated on a cultured human thyroid carcinoma
      (MTC) cell line, TT, by the colony-formation technique. The concentration
      dependent survival curve showed a biphasic exponential pattern. Doxorubicin in
      concentrations of 5 X 10(-9) to 3 X 10 (-5) M produced a 15% to 71% cell kill
      after 1 hr of treatment. Mean lethal concentrations, 0.6 and 59 micrograms/ml,
      were considerably higher than those reported for cells of other tumors. Prolonged
      continuous treatment with a single concentration (1 X 10(-8) M) resulted in a
      cell kill of only 39% by 20 hr, and no further improvement was achieved with
      extended treatment of up to 48 hr. That doxorubicin activity was not enhanced by
      prolonged treatment was shown by controls not to be due to inactivation of the
      drug. Our results suggest that TT cells are somewhat resistant to doxorubicin and
      that acute administration of larger doses rather than continuous infusion of
      small doses should perhaps be considered when doxorubicin is used in patients
      with metastatic MTC.

PMID- 3364936
TI  - Inhibition of invasion activity in vitro by a novel class of antitumor agents:
      silatrane derivatives.
AB  - The effect of several silatranes on in vitro invasion of the human amnion
      basement membrane (BM) by A549 human lung carcinoma cells was examined. Cells
      treated for two days with the derivatives were examined for invasive activity in
      the absence of the compounds. From silatrane dose-invasion response curves, an
      80% inhibition of invasiveness compared to untreated cells was obtained with 40
      micrograms/mg of 1-vinyl silatrane, 50 micrograms/ml of 1-(p-aminophenyl)
      silatrane, 80 micrograms/mg of 1-(3-phenylthiocarbamidopropyl) silatrane, 66
      micrograms/ml of parent silatrane or 171 micrograms/ml of 1-bromosilatrane.
      Treatment with these doses had no effect on viability, growth or BM attachment of
      A549 cells.

PMID- 3364937
TI  - Why age has independent prognostic significance in neuroblastomas. Evidence for
      intra-uterine development, and implications for the treatment of the disease.
AB  - In an unselected patient population consisting of all cases of childhood
      neuroblastomas in Denmark from 1943 to 1980, evidence was found for the theory
      that almost all childhood neuroblastomas are congenital, and that the age at
      diagnosis reflects the duration of the disease, whereas the clinical stage at
      diagnosis is a result of the growth rate of the tumor and the duration of the
      disease (i.e. age at diagnosis + up to 9 months). Furthermore, the age at
      diagnosis may be a measurement of the possibility of micrometastases in addition
      to the clinical extent of the tumor found at that time, and this may explain why
      age has independent prognostic significance in childhood neuroblastomas. From the
      concept that tumours develop by a series of changes from a conditioned to an
      autonomous state, the theory is consistent with the occasional observation of
      spontaneous regression of tumours in young infants, and the extremely rare
      observation of this phenomenon in older children. Since not only the tumor
      burden, reflected both in the clinical stage and the possibility of
      micrometastases, but also the proportion of cells resistant to antineoplastic
      drugs well increase with time, the tumour burden should be reduced as fast as
      possible with surgery and/or aggressive chemotherapeutic schedules if the disease
      is diagnosed in advanced stages or in patients older than 1 year of age with
      stage II disease, whereas surgical resection of the tumor appears to be
      sufficient treatment for stage I disease and stage II disease of infancy. A
      consequence of this theory that almost all childhood neuroblastomas are
      congenital is that screening procedures for the tumour should be carried out as
      shortly after birth as possible, the expected incidence of congenital
      neuroblastoma being 1 per 12-14,000 live births.

PMID- 3364938
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of invasiveness between normal and neoplastic
      cells and fibroblasts in monolayer culture.
AB  - Normal cells are non-invasive except for a few cell types such as leukocytes and
      macrophages, while neoplastic cells are active in both migration and invasion. In
      the present investigation, the confrontations of normal rat hepatocytes, lung
      macrophages and B16 melanoma cells with monolayers of fibroblasts grown on
      collagen gel have been studied. When monolayers of fibroblasts were confronted
      with melanoma cells, there was obvious retraction of the fibroblasts. When
      hepatocytes or macrophages were seeded onto monolayers of fibroblasts,
      infiltration always occurred at intercellular contacts and no retraction of
      fibroblasts was seen. Therefore it would appear that normal and neoplastic cells
      penetrate into monolayers of fibroblasts by different mechanisms.

PMID- 3364939
TI  - Multiple parameter analyses of human ovarian cancer: morphology,
      immunohistochemistry, steroid hormone receptors and aromatase.
AB  - All human ovarian tumors (n = 32) analysed were positive for cytokeratin except
      for a single case. OV-TL 3 stained 96% (26/27) and 1 out of 4 controls, while OC
      125 stained 86% (24/27) and 3 out of 4 non-ovarian carcinomas. Androgen receptors
      predominated (AR-96%) compared to estrogen (ER-32%) or progestin (PgR-50%)
      receptors in the ovarian carcinomas. Aromatase activity was detected in 6 ovarian
      carcinomas and in 3 non-ovarian carcinomas. No definite relationship was observed
      between the parameters measured. Ovarian carcinomas stained brightly with OV-TL 3
      and OC-125 had high AR levels, while focal or absent reaction was related to low
      AR levels. A role for androgens in ovarian cancer is suggested.

PMID- 3364940
TI  - Simple spectrophotometric assay for measuring protein binding of penem
      antibiotics to human serum.
AB  - The binding of antibiotics to plasma (serum) proteins through hydrogen bonding
      can significantly influence the biological characteristics of these drugs. A
      rapid spectrophotometric assay has been developed that measures the level of free
      (unbound) penem antibiotic in serum ultrafiltrates. Whole human serum was
      adjusted to a standard concentration of antibiotic and then filtered by
      centrifugation through a Centrifree (Amicon Corp., Lexington, Mass.) filter that
      retained greater than 99.9% of serum protein. The degree of penem protein binding
      was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the level of unbound drug in
      the ultrafiltrate at 322 nm. At this wavelength, no interfering absorption from
      residual protein was detected in the ultrafiltrate, and penem absorption was
      linear over a wide concentration range. The method gave protein-binding values
      comparable to those obtained by a high-pressure liquid chromatography assay but
      was more rapid, since it did not require solvent extraction and high-pressure
      liquid chromatography calibration procedures. The spectrophotometric assay has
      been used to assay over 100 penems to determine the structure-activity
      relationships that are involved with the high serum protein binding of these
      agents. As with penicillins and some cephalosporins, the nonpolar nature of the
      penem side chain at the C-2 position strongly influenced the degree of penem
      binding to serum proteins.

PMID- 3364941
TI  - Characterization of resistance phenotype and cephalosporin activity in oxacillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Forty isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were tested versus
      oxacillin at 30 and 35 degrees C with and without 2% NaCl supplementation of
      Mueller-Hinton broth and classified as having resistance that was low (MIC, less
      than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) or high (MIC, greater than or equal to 32
      micrograms/ml) and temperature or NaCl dependent. Only three isolates had low
      grade resistance at both 30 and 35 degrees C; for two isolates the MICs at 35
      degrees C were greater than or equal to 4 X the MICs at 30 degrees C. NaCl
      usually increased the MICs two- to fourfold. Efficiency of plating studies were
      performed on strains selected for their level of oxacillin resistance and
      according to temperature-related difference in MICs. Most strains appeared to
      represent the heterogeneous resistance phenotype. Cefamandole MICs were little
      affected by temperature but increased with NaCl. With three exceptions,
      cefamandole MCBs were less than or equal to 4 X MICs. For only six isolates were
      cefuroxime MICs less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Four strains that were
      susceptible to both cefuroxime and cefamandole were selected for time-killing
      curve studies at inocula of 10(7) CFU/ml. At 8 X MIC, cefuroxime failed to reduce
      the concentration of any strain by greater than or equal to 3 X log10 CFU/ml.
      Killing of greater than or equal to 3 X log10 CFU/ml was achieved by cefamandole
      at 4X and 8 X MIC in one strain, at 8 X MIC only in two strains, and by neither 4
      X nor 8 X MIC in one strain. Within therapeutically attainable blood levels,
      cefuroxime is essentially inactive and cefamandole is variably bactericidal
      against oxacillin-resistant s. aureus.

PMID- 3364942
TI  - Radiolabeled quaternary carbapenems and their interactions with human serum
      albumin.
AB  - A simple method is described for labeling carbapenems with [14C]dimethyl sulfate.
      Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the reaction was used to
      purify the product. Carbapenems with 2-substituents containing pyrid-3-yl and -4
      yl moieties could be labeled by this method, but those containing a pyrid-2-yl
      group could not. Nonreversible binding of these labeled carbapenems to human
      serum albumin was investigated. Pyridinium-3-yl compounds displayed low binding
      rates (0.028 to 0.044%/h), whereas three of four pyridinium-4-yl compounds bound
      much faster (0.38 to 0.62%/h). It is postulated that these differences are
      related to the ability of the compound to stabilize a deprotonated form
      transiently.

PMID- 3364943
TI  - Mutation of Salmonella paratyphi A conferring cross-resistance to several groups
      of antibiotics by decreased permeability and loss of invasiveness.
AB  - A spontaneous one-step mutant of Salmonella paratyphi A selected on ampicillin
      showed cross-resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics except imipenem and to
      aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and quinolones. It
      also grew as small colonies. Examination of the cell envelope of the mutant
      showed a quantitative decrease in three major outer membrane proteins of 40.6,
      39.6 (presumably porins), and 24 kilodaltons and quantitative as well as
      qualitative modifications in the ladder pattern of lipopolysaccharide. Direct
      evidence for decreased permeability in the mutant included reduced uptake of
      [3H]glucose and norfloxacin, reduced accessibility of aztreonam and
      benzylpenicillin to penicillin-binding proteins in whole cells, and decreased
      diffusion of lactose and cephaloridine into proteoliposomes that were
      reconstituted with outer membrane proteins from the mutant. There was also loss
      of invasiveness of the mutant into HeLa cells. We assume that a pleiotropic
      mutation was responsible for multiple alterations in the outer membrane
      components of the resistant mutant of S. paratyphi A.

PMID- 3364945
TI  - Amikacin pharmacokinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of amikacin were investigated in five stable patients
      undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Each patient was
      studied after the administration of 7.5 mg of amikacin per kg by both the
      intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, allowing a 1-month washout
      period between doses. No differences in amikacin half-life, volume of
      distribution, total body clearance, or time-averaged peritoneal clearance were
      noted between the two routes of administration. After a 5-h dwell period,
      bioavailability as calculated by the area under the curve for i.p. amikacin was
      53 +/- 14.0%. Amikacin pharmacokinetics parallel those of other aminoglycosides
      in CAPD patients when the drug is administered either i.v. or i.p. Single loading
      doses of amikacin administered i.v. to uninfected CAPD patients provided
      therapeutic serum and dialysate levels for many aerobic gram-negative organisms
      for up to 72 h. Because of the variability of absorption of i.p. administered
      amikacin, single i.p. doses are not recommended.

PMID- 3364944
TI  - Lack of in vitro efficacy of oral forms of certain cephalosporins, erythromycin,
      and oxacillin against Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - The in vitro susceptibility of human isolates of Pasteurella multocida to oral
      antimicrobial agents from our current study and from a review of the literature
      suggests that dicloxacillin (oxacillin), erythromycin, clindamycin, cephalexin,
      cefaclor, and cefadroxil should not be used for empiric therapy of animal bite
      wounds. Agents that were consistently active against P. multocida were
      penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, minocycline,
      chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefuroxime. Possible reasons
      for the confusion regarding the activity of oral cephalosporins are addressed.

PMID- 3364946
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of A40926 in rats after single intravenous and subcutaneous
      doses.
AB  - A40926 is a new glycopeptide antibiotic with unique activity against Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and high and prolonged levels in mouse blood (B. P. Goldstein, E.
      Selva, L. Gastaldo, M. Berti, R. Pallanza, F. Ripamonti, P. Ferrari, M. Denaro,
      V. Arioli, and G. Cassani, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31:1961-1966, 1987). We
      studied the pharmacokinetics of A40926 in rats after single intravenous and
      subcutaneous 10-mg/kg (body weight) doses. Concentrations in plasma and urine
      were determined by microbiological assay. After intravenous administration, high
      concentrations of A40926, ranging from 132 mg/liter at 3 min to 0.7 mg/liter at
      96 h, were found in plasma. Concentrations declined with a three-exponential
      decay correlated with a prolonged, biphasic distribution and a slow elimination
      (terminal half-life, 61.22 h). After completion of the distribution, the compound
      was widely distributed to the extravascular space. The rate-limiting step in the
      elimination of A40926 from the body appears to be the slow return from the deep
      compartment into the central one. A40926 was rapidly absorbed from the injection
      site after subcutaneous administration, and its availability was close to 90%.
      The percentage of the dose excreted in urine in 120 h was 35.9%.

PMID- 3364947
TI  - Effect of oral activated charcoal on tobramycin clearance.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of activated charcoal on aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics,
      six healthy volunteers received tobramycin intravenously with and without
      multiple oral doses of activated charcoal. Activated charcoal did not have a
      statistically significant effect on any pharmacokinetic parameter. We conclude
      that activated charcoal does not enhance tobramycin clearance in subjects with
      normal renal function when concentrations in serum are within the therapeutic
      range.

PMID- 3364948
TI  - Involvement of glucose catabolism in avermectin production by Streptomyces
      avermitilis.
AB  - The addition of glucose in the early stage of fermentation suppressed not only
      avermectin production but also the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
      in the pentose phosphate pathway. On the other hand, when glucose was added at
      the late stage of fermentation, suppression of avermectin formation and 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity was not observed but avermectin formation
      was increased and about a twofold-higher content of avermectins than that of the
      control fermentation was accumulated.

PMID- 3364949
TI  - Chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin against murine scrub typhus.
AB  - Ciprofloxacin (120 mg/kg of body weight per day), chloramphenicol (300 mg/kg per
      day), and gentamicin (30 mg/kg per day) were compared with placebo in a BALB/cj
      mouse model of scrub typhus. All animals treated with ciprofloxacin and
      chloramphenicol survived. All animals treated with gentamicin or placebo died.
      All surviving animals showed evidence of seroconversion. Ciprofloxacin and
      chloramphenicol were statistically more effective in preventing death than
      gentamicin or placebo.

PMID- 3364950
TI  - Comparative toxicities of cephalosporin antibiotics in a rabbit kidney cell line
      (LLC-RK1).
AB  - The rabbit kidney cell line LLC-RK1 was tested for its ability to discriminate
      the toxicities of six cephalosporin antibiotics according to their in vivo
      nephrotoxic potentials in rabbits. With the exception of cephalothin, which was
      markedly toxic to kidney cells in vitro, a good correlation between in vitro
      toxicity and in vivo nephrotoxicity was obtained, yielding the following toxicity
      rank order: ceftazidime less than cefazolin approximately cefoperazone less than
      cephaloglycin approximately cephaloridine. The addition of a kidney microsomal S9
      fraction to the cell cultures desacetylated cephalothin as occurs in vivo and
      detoxified this antibiotic, providing it with the proper toxicity relative to the
      other cephalosporins. When compared with parent structures, desacetylated
      derivatives of other cephalosporins such as cephapirin were similarly found to be
      less toxic to LLC-RK1 cells. The acetylated cephalosporin cephaloglycin was not
      detoxified by the kidney S9 fraction and was desacetylated three to four times
      slower than cephalothin by renal esterases. Thus, the rate and extent of
      desacetylation of cephalosporins may play a role in their in vivo nephrotoxic
      potential. Our results further suggest that LLC-RK1 cells will provide a useful
      model for evaluating the potential nephrotoxicity of new cephalosporin
      antibiotics before in vivo studies.

PMID- 3364951
TI  - Cycloheximide efflux in antibiotic-adapted cells of the fungus Mucor racemosus.
AB  - Mucor racemosus cells adapted to either cycloheximide or trichodermin were
      approximately 40-fold more resistant to cycloheximide than nonadapted cells.
      Ribosomes isolated from adapted and nonadapted cells were equally sensitive to
      cycloheximide in an in vitro poly(U) translation assay. There was no detectable
      modification of cycloheximide by adapted cells. Uptake of drug by nonadapted and
      adapted cells was characterized by a rapid initial accumulation during the first
      2 min of incubation with [3H]cycloheximide, followed by a steady-state
      intracellular drug concentration well below that of the medium. The steady-state
      drug concentration was approximately 10-fold lower in adapted cells than in
      nonadapted cells. Treatment of cells with sodium azide or dinitrophenol abolished
      the difference between uptake of drug by nonadapted and adapted cells and
      resulted in intracellular drug levels equal to that of the medium. Direct efflux
      measurements showed that adapted cells loaded with cycloheximide were able to
      excrete the drug far more rapidly than nonadapted cells. These results suggest
      that both nonadapted and adapted cells possess an energy-dependent efflux
      mechanism for transporting cycloheximide and that resistance in adapted cells is
      due to increased efficiency of transport.

PMID- 3364952
TI  - C31G, a new agent for oral use with potent antimicrobial and antiadherence
      properties.
AB  - C31G, an equimolar mixture of alkyl dimethyl glycine and alkyl dimethyl amine
      oxide, was evaluated for antimicrobial and antiadherence properties. The efficacy
      of C31G, its two components, and several commercial mouth rinses was determined
      in assays measuring inhibition of glycolysis, inhibition of bacterial adherence,
      and MICs. Inhibition of glycolysis was determined by using a saliva sediment
      model, with glycolytic activity expressed as the change in pH relative to that of
      a control. Adherence studies were undertaken with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 to
      measure inhibition of adherence to nichrome wires. MICs were determined against
      selected microorganisms by standard methods. C31G demonstrated broad-spectrum
      antimicrobial properties, with activity against both gram-positive and gram
      negative organisms and Candida albicans, a yeast. C31G inhibited both glycolysis
      by salivary bacteria and adherence of Streptococcus strains to wire mesh. C31G
      was more effective in the assays conducted than any commercial formulation tested
      and was as effective as chlorhexidine. A synergistic effect was demonstrated
      between the individual components of C31G, and no loss of activity was noted when
      it was formulated into a mouth rinse vehicle.

PMID- 3364953
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of carumonam after single and multiple 1- and 2-g dosage
      regimens.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of carumonam after single and multiple intravenous
      administration of 1- and 2-g dosage regimens were studied in 12 young male
      volunteers. Plasma and urine samples were collected in serial order for 24 h and
      assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean elimination half-life of
      carumonam was not significantly affected by either dosage regimen or single dose
      versus steady state, ranging from 1.3 to 1.5 h. Mean concentrations at the end of
      the interval were not influenced by a multiple-dose administration. The
      normalized volume of distribution was independent of the dose, with values
      ranging from 0.16 to 0.19 liters/kg. After multiple administration, carumonam was
      cleared from the body more rapidly: from 96.2 to 121.7 ml/min after 1 g every 8
      h, and from 102.1 to 122.3 ml/min after 2 g every 8 h (P less than 0.05). After
      24 h, 75.0 to 80.7% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. The protein
      binding of carumonam to human plasma remained stable at 28%. Carumonam was well
      tolerated by the volunteers.

PMID- 3364954
TI  - Antiherpesvirus activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl) guanine (BRL
      39123) in animals.
AB  - The antiviral activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (BRL
      39123) was assessed in several animal models of herpes simplex virus (HSV)
      infection. BRL 39123 was as active as acyclovir (ACV) when applied topically to
      guinea pigs with a cutaneous HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection and was also active
      topically in an HSV-2 genital infection. Before systemic administration to
      infected animals, BRL 39123 and ACV were administered orally and subcutaneously
      to mice, and the blood was assayed for each compound by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. When given systemically to mice infected cutaneously with HSV-1,
      BRL 39123 was as active as ACV. In mice infected intranasally with HSV-1 or HSV
      2, single daily subcutaneous doses of BRL 39123 were more effective than
      equivalent treatment with ACV, reflecting the more persistent activity seen in
      cell culture and a more stable triphosphate within the infected cell. When the
      compounds were supplied in drinking water for this infection, BRL 39123 and ACV
      had similar potencies against HSV-1, although ACV was more active against an HSV
      2 infection than BRL 39123 was. In mice infected intraperitoneally with HSV-1,
      BRL 39123 was 10-fold more potent than ACV and a single dose of BRL 39123 reduced
      virus replication within the peritoneal cavity more effectively than 3 doses of
      ACV given 1, 5, and 20 h after infection. Although BRL 39123 failed to eradicate
      the virus from mice latently infected with HSV-1, treatment initiated 5 h after
      infection of the ear pinna reduced the numbers of mice that developed latent
      infections.

PMID- 3364955
TI  - Oxacillin, cephalothin, and vancomycin tube macrodilution MBC result
      reproducibility and equivalence to MIC results for methicillin-susceptible and
      reputedly tolerant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
AB  - Measurement of antimicrobial killing endpoints of Staphylococcus aureus isolates
      in tube macrodilution MBC testing has been difficult because of multiple
      technical factors. A total of 41 fresh clinical isolates and 23 reputedly
      oxacillin-tolerant strains were examined by a modification of the Taylor MBC
      method. Oxacillin, cephalothin, and vancomycin MBCs were equal to MICs for most
      strains and were seldom more than fourfold greater than the corresponding MICs
      after a 48-h incubation. Oxacillin MBC result reproducibility for S. aureus ATCC
      25923 and clinical isolates was better than that of cephalothin and vancomycin,
      and reproducibility improved after a 48-h incubation. Measurement of the
      percentage of the initial inoculum remaining after 24 and 48 h of incubation for
      the strains for which the MBCs were highest confirmed improved killing over a
      wide range of antimicrobial concentrations after a 48-h incubation. Since S.
      aureus MBC testing is expensive, is subject to error, and almost always gives
      results equal to the MIC, we suggest that MBC testing is an experimental
      reference laboratory test that should not be done by clinical microbiology
      laboratories. Antimicrobial selection should be based on reproducible and
      standardized MIC tests.

PMID- 3364956
TI  - National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution susceptibility
      testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - One hundred nine recent clinical isolates of anaerobic gram-negative bacteria
      were tested in triplicate by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory
      Standards agar dilution procedure for their susceptibility to 32 antimicrobial
      agents. All isolates were inhibited by imipenem, but there were significant
      numbers of strains resistant to other beta-lactam drugs, and therefore the in
      vitro response to these antimicrobial agents cannot be predicted. This was
      particularly true for the bile-resistant or Bacteroides fragilis group. beta
      Lactamase production was detected in 82% of the bacteroides with the nitrocefin
      test. Clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin and ticarcillin and sulbactam
      combined with ampicillin resulted in synergistic activity against all beta
      lactamase-positive organisms. Ceftizoxime was the most active of the
      cephalosporins. Two percent of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and
      metronidazole. Clindamycin resistance was detected in 38% of the B. fragilis
      group, which is a marked increase from the 4% detected 10 years ago at this
      institution.

PMID- 3364957
TI  - Reduced parasitemia observed with erythrocytes containing inositol hexaphosphate.
AB  - Chemicals entrapped in erythrocytes by hypotonic hemolysis can be assessed for
      possible antiparasitic activity both in vivo and in vitro, regardless of whether
      they are able to diffuse into erythrocytes readily. Inositol hexaphosphate, a
      highly charged compound, produced a dramatic lowering of the percentage of cells
      infected by Babesia microti in vivo and both B. microti and Plasmodium falciparum
      in vitro. Several possible mechanisms for this observation are discussed.

PMID- 3364958
TI  - In vitro activity of amiloride combined with tobramycin against Pseudomonas
      isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The diuretic amiloride has been under recent investigation as adjunctive therapy
      for pulmonary disease in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). In preliminary
      studies, the antimicrobial activity of this agent alone or combined with beta
      lactam agents against reference strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia
      was poor; however, amiloride was markedly synergistic with tobramycin against P.
      cepacia. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of amiloride
      tobramycin synergy against CF respiratory isolates of P. aeruginosa, P. cepacia,
      and P. maltophilia. The MICs of tobramycin and amiloride alone against the
      Pseudomonas test strains were determined by agar dilution. Synergy was determined
      by combining each of four subinhibitory concentrations of amiloride (at least
      fourfold below the MIC) with doubling dilutions of tobramycin and comparing the
      MIC of tobramycin alone and in combination for each strain. At the highest
      concentration tested, the drug combination synergistically inhibited 50% of the
      P. cepacia strains tested; the combination was synergistic against fewer isolates
      of P. aeruginosa and P. maltophilia. Only P. cepacia was inhibited by tobramycin
      combined with amiloride at achievable airway concentrations. We conclude that the
      combination of tobramycin and amiloride may be potentially useful in the
      treatment of P. cepacia infections in children with CF.

PMID- 3364959
TI  - Susceptibilities of transparent, opaque, and rough colonial variants of
      Mycobacterium avium complex to various fatty acids.
AB  - Three different colonial variants of Mycobacterium avium complex were studied for
      their susceptibilities to capric, lauric, oleic, and linolenic acids. Smooth T
      variants with transparent and irregularly shaped colonies were much more
      resistant to all the fatty acids than were the smooth D variants with opaque and
      dome-shaped colonies. Rough variants with granular and irregularly shaped
      colonies showed nearly the same susceptibility to the fatty acids as did the
      smooth T variants.

PMID- 3364960
TI  - In vitro activity of cefoperazone plus sulbactam compared with that of other
      antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The activity of two cefoperazone-sulbactam combinations against anaerobic
      bacteria was tested and compared both with that of cefoperazone alone and with
      that of other commonly used antimicrobial agents. Imipenem was the most active of
      the tested agents, followed by chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and cefoperazone
      sulbactam (90 to 100% of bacterial growth inhibited). Clindamycin and cefoxitin
      inhibited approximately 80%, cefoperazone inhibited 63%, and penicillin G
      inhibited 47% of the strains tested. The agents were variable in activity against
      the Bacteroides fragilis group, with percents susceptible as follows:
      cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, metronidazole, and chloramphenicol, 99 to 100%;
      cefoxitin and clindamycin, approximately 80%; cefoperazone, 49%; and penicillin
      G, 15.5%.

PMID- 3364961
TI  - Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid for prophylaxis of postpartum puerperal infections.

PMID- 3364962
TI  - Proposed recommended practices. Traffic patterns in the surgical suite. AORN
      Recommended Practices Subcommittee of the TPCC.

PMID- 3364963
TI  - Informed consent: Part I.

PMID- 3364964
TI  - Using a joint venture to instill cooperation between two surgery departments.

PMID- 3364965
TI  - After passing the 1988 budget, Congress focuses on nursing shortage, AIDS,
      Vietnam Women's Memorial.

PMID- 3364966
TI  - Endoscopic sinus surgery. An outpatient procedure that minimizes tissue removal.

PMID- 3364967
TI  - Invasive cancer of the vulva. Diagnosis, surgical management, and nursing care.
AB  - Postoperatively, vulvar cancer patients visit the physician's office frequently
      until the incision is healed completely. Follow-up visits are then continued
      biannually and eventually annually. Postoperative mortality is directly related
      to the extensiveness of the disease at the time of diagnosis. If the lymph nodes
      are negative at the time of surgery, the five-year survival rate approaches 90%;
      however, if lymph nodes are positive, the five-year survival rate drops to about
      33%. Because most women diagnosed with invasive cancer of the vulva are elderly,
      many die of noncancer related diseases while tumor free. Recurrence, if it should
      occur, may be distant or local. Local recurrence usually occurs at the margins of
      the resection and distant recurrence in the deep pelvic nodes. The radical
      vulvectomy procedure with bilateral groin node dissection poses a significant
      challenge to the perioperative nursing team. This team plays an important role in
      helping the patient and her partner adjust to this extensive procedure.

PMID- 3364968
TI  - Prosthetic fingernails in the OR. A research study.

PMID- 3364969
TI  - Therapeutic ultrasound. A precise noninvasive therapy for glaucoma.
AB  - The use of therapeutic ultrasound represents a new approach in the treatment of
      all types of glaucoma. The technique is performed as an outpatient procedure,
      requires minimal patient preparation, and has a high degree of patient
      acceptance. Considering the patients to whom ultrasound has been applied, the
      levels of success and complications compare favorably with other treatments. This
      type of procedure, when performed in earlier stages of glaucoma, has a better
      chance of preserving vision. Increased potential for success lies in repeating
      the procedure without undue risk. Although results in children are disappointing,
      it may be applicable in cases in which other therapies have failed. Future
      applications for therapeutic ultrasound are being explored. Currently, its use in
      unsuccessful surgical filtering procedures is under study, as are applications in
      areas other than ophthalmology. The effectiveness of this procedure ultimately
      will be determined by results obtained from ongoing clinical trials.

PMID- 3364970
TI  - Off-site instrument sterilizing. A new concept.

PMID- 3364971
TI  - A baccalaureate program for RNs. Questions and answers.

PMID- 3364972
TI  - Self-care. Part II: Maintaining meaningful relationships.

PMID- 3364973
TI  - Complexation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes in hepatic microsomes from SKF 525-A
      induced rats.
AB  - Potassium ferricyanide-elicited reactivation of steroid hydroxylase activities,
      in hepatic microsomes from SKF 525-A-induced male rats, was used as an indicator
      of complex formation between individual cytochrome P-450 isozymes and the SKF 525
      A metabolite. Induction of male rats with SKF 525-A (50 mg/kg for three days) led
      to apparent increases in androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 16 beta- and 6 beta
      hydroxylation to 6.7- and 3-fold of control activities. Steroid 7 alpha
      hydroxylase activity was decreased to 0.8-fold of control and 16 alpha
      hydroxylation was unchanged. Ferricyanide-elicited dissociation of the SKF 525-A
      metabolite-P-450 complex revealed an even greater induction of 16 beta- and 6
      beta-hydroxylase activities (to 1.8- and 1.6-fold of activities in the absence of
      ferricyanide). Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity increased 2
      fold after ferricyanide but 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was unaltered. An
      antibody directed against the male-specific cytochrome P-450 UT-A decreased
      androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity to 13% of control in
      hepatic microsomes from untreated rats. In contrast, 16 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity in microsomes from SKF 525-A-induced rats, before and after dissociation
      with ferricyanide, was reduced by anti UT-A IgG to 32 and 19% of the respective
      uninhibited controls. Considered together, these observations strongly suggest
      that the phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 isozymes PB-B and PCN-E are
      present in an inactive complexed state in microsomes from SKF 525-A-induced rat
      liver. Further, the increased susceptibility of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione 16 alpha
      hydroxylase activity to inhibition by an antibody to cytochrome P-450 UT-A,
      following ferricyanide treatment of microsomes, suggests that this male sexually
      differentiated enzyme is also complexed after in vivo SKF 525-A dosage. In
      contrast, the constitutive isozyme cytochrome P-450 UT-F, which is active in
      steroid 7 alpha-hydroxylation, does not appear to be complexed to any extent in
      microsomes from SKF 525-A-induced rats.

PMID- 3364974
TI  - Evidence of acid phosphatase in the cytoplasm as a distinct entity.
AB  - A study of subcellular acid phosphatase distribution in mammalian tissues shows
      that isozymes with specific functions are compartmentalized in the cells. The
      enzyme may be generalized into two types: type A and type B. They are shown by
      several means to be distinct entities. Type A is confined to the cytoplasm and is
      inhibited by Cu2+, HCHO, and the coupling agents (for enzyme staining) fast blue
      RR salt and fast Garnet GBC salt (newly discovered inhibitors), but is
      insensitive to fluoride and L-(+)-tartrate. Type B is localized in the
      organelles, presumably lysosomes, in both soluble form and membrane-bound form,
      with inhibitor sensitivity exactly opposite to that of type A enzyme. Types A and
      B consist of different sets of isozymes, with sensitivities to inhibitors
      resembling those observed with the crude extracts of subcellular fractions. Acid
      phosphatase that exhibits a phosphoryl transfer property was identified as type A
      enzyme. Type A enzyme has a slightly higher optimal pH and is inhibited by
      alloxan, whereas for type B, the addition of alloxan broadens the optimal pH to a
      higher range and elevates the activity of pH 7.4 from negligible to about 30-40%
      of that obtained under optimal conditions. The alloxan-mediated elevation of type
      B enzyme activity to this level at the physiological pH may be of considerable
      significance. Type B enzyme has a high affinity for metabolic intermediates and
      nucleotides, while type A has an extremely low affinity for these substrates.
      Cytoplasmic acid phosphatase (type A) is a significant enzyme population and its
      activity is not related to the lysosome density in the cells. Type A enzyme in
      the cytoplasm is thus shown to be an entity distinctly different from type B
      enzyme in the lysosomes. These findings suggest that the physiological functions
      of type A acid phosphatase, such as metabolic regulatory processes, merit further
      studies because of the phosphoryl transfer activity and cytoplasmic localization
      of the enzyme.

PMID- 3364975
TI  - Purification and properties of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinic acid-N
      methyltransferase from cell suspension cultures of Glycine max L.
AB  - A soluble enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl
      L-methionine to the nitrogen atom of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (nicotinic acid)
      could be detected in protein preparations from heterotrophic cell suspension
      cultures of soybean (Glycine max L.). Enzyme activity was enriched nearly 100
      fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange
      chromatography to study kinetic properties. S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinic
      acid-N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.7) showed a pH optimum at pH 8.0 and a
      temperature optimum between 35 and 40 degrees C. The apparent KM values were
      determined to be 78 microM for nicotinic acid and 55 microM for the cosubstrate.
      S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine was a competitive inhibitor of the methyltransferase
      with a KI value of 95 microM. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of about 90
      kDa. The catalytic activity was inhibited by reagents blocking SH groups, whereas
      other divalent cations did not significantly influence of the enzyme reaction.
      The purified methyltransferase revealed a remarkable specificity for nicotinic
      acid. No other pyridine derivative was a suitable methyl group acceptor. To study
      a potential methyltransferase activity with nicotinamide as substrate, an
      additional purification step was necessary to remove nicotinamide amidohydrolase
      activity from the enzyme preparation. This was achieved by affinity
      chromatography on S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine-Sepharose thus leading to a 580-fold
      purified enzyme which showed no methyltransferase activity toward nicotinamide as
      substrate.

PMID- 3364976
TI  - Oxidative stress limits vitamin D metabolism by bovine proximal tubule cells in
      vitro.
AB  - When bovine proximal tubule cells are placed in primary culture, they are subject
      to elevated oxidative stress which acts to limit the expression of mitochondrial
      vitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities. This increased oxidative
      stress was demonstrated by increased production of cell and mitochondrial
      membrane lipid hyperperoxides (LOOH). This increased production was prevented by
      the addition of the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT). Cell and mitochondrial membrane LOOH increased from 1 to 2
      pmol/mg protein on the day of plating to 70-90 pmol/mg protein after 6 days in
      culture. Pretreatment of cultures with BHA and BHT resulted in membrane LOOH of
      15-20 pmol/mg protein after 6 days. Mitochondrial LOOH production was greater
      than total cell LOOH after 6 days. The increase in cellular oxidative stress was
      paralleled by decreases in both 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities toward 25
      OH D3. Mitochondrial hydroxylase activities were inversely proportional to the
      increase in mitochondrial membrane LOOH production. Mitochondrial cytochrome P
      450 content, determined spectrophotometrically, was decreased over time in
      culture. Mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 content determined by a specific
      polyclonal antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay also decreased over
      time in culture. Specificity of polyclonal antibodies, raised against rat liver
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 RLM5, was demonstrated by the immunosequestration of
      both 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities from a partially purified preparation
      of renal mitochondrial cytochrome P-450. BHA showed the loss of 1 alpha- and 24
      hydroxylase activities and mitochondrial P-450 content measured by all criteria.
      These experiments indicate that oxidative stress-mediated changes in hydroxylase
      activities are mediated directly by changes in hydroxylase content and not at
      distal sites. A partially purified preparation of bovine proximal tubule
      mitochondrial cytochrome P-450, with purified renal ferredoxin, ferredoxin
      reductase, and NADPH, expressed both 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities
      toward 25-OH D3. LOOH, derived from mitochondrial membranes of 5-day-old
      cultures, when added to this mixture, caused a dose-dependent decrease in both
      activities. These experiments suggested that an increase in mitochondrial LOOH
      production resulted in a loss of 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities. 1 alpha
      Hydroxylase was more sensitive to the effects of LOOH treatment than 24
      hydroxylase. At a ratio of LOOH:P-450 of 5:1 (molar), all 1 alpha-hydroxylase
      activity was lost but 50% of the 24-hydroxylase activity remained.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3364977
TI  - Control of leucine transport in yeast by periplasmic binding proteins.
AB  - The concentrative inward transport of leucine in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
      involves two transport systems (S1 and S2); S1 is a system of high affinity and
      low translocation velocity, and S2 is a system of low affinity and high
      translocation velocity. The inward transport process of the amino acid is
      discriminated into two kinetically defined steps: first, binding to periplasmic
      proteins and second, translocation across the plasmalemma. When cells were
      incubated with glucose to increase the metabolic energy charge, we observed that
      JTmax (maximum flux that each system can exhibit for the translocation step)
      increased for both systems. This increase in JTmax is due to variations in the
      parameters defining the initial step (Ks (apparent dissociation constant) and N
      (concentration of binding sites)): for S1, N1 increases and for S2, KS2
      diminishes. Dissipation of the electrochemical proton gradient produced an
      increase of KS1 and a decrease of N2, resulting in a decrease of JTmax in both
      systems. Instead, osmotic shock decreases N1 and N2, which suggests that
      periplasmic components were removed, resulting also in a decrease of JTmax in
      both systems. These results are consistent with the proposition that the total
      unidirectional flux of the amino acid proceeds by means of a system of multiple
      components, with the simultaneous operation of two independent transport
      processes. We propose that the initial interaction of leucine with components of
      the cellular envelope might be the essential step for the subsequent
      translocation of the amino acid across the permeability barrier.

PMID- 3364978
TI  - Comparison of rat and mouse ornithine aminotransferase with respect to molecular
      properties and regulation of synthesis.
AB  - A comparative study of the synthesis patterns and molecular properties of mouse
      and rat ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) was conducted. The two enzymes were
      found to be very similar with respect to catalytic properties, two-dimensional
      electrophoresis patterns of tryptic digests, amino acid compositions, and
      antibody cross-reactivity. In vitro translation assays for OAT synthesis on free
      polysomes isolated from livers at different times of day showed similar circadian
      fluctuations in OAT synthesis for both species. However, hybridization
      measurements revealed no circadian changes in the levels of hybridizable OAT mRNA
      in these livers. These results demonstrate that the circadian cycling of OAT
      synthesis is regulated at the level of translation in both the rat and the mouse.

PMID- 3364979
TI  - Circular dichroism of bilirubin-amine association complexes: insights into
      bilirubin-albumin binding.
AB  - Bichromophoric (4Z, 15Z)-bilirubin-IX alpha, the yellow-orange cytotoxic pigment
      of jaundice, adopts either of two intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded enantiomeric
      conformations that are in dynamic equilibrium in solution. The addition of
      optically active amines induces the pigment solutions to exhibit intense
      bisignate circular dichroism in the region of the bilirubin long wavelength uv
      visible absorption band. The most intense circular dichroism Cotton effects,
      (delta epsilon) approximately equal to 130, are induced by beta-arylamines and
      are comparable to those exhibited by bilirubin complexes with serum albumin and
      other proteins. Like serum albumin and other proteins, the optically active base
      acts as a chiral complexation agent to induce an asymmetric transformation of
      bilirubin, whose induced bisignate circular dichroism Cotton effect is
      characteristic of exciton splitting of the component pyrromethenone chromophores.
      The amines thus serve as chiral templates for molecular recognition, and the
      complementary action of the amine complexation sites provides insight into the
      binding forces important in protein-bilirubin heteroassociation.

PMID- 3364981
TI  - Sublytic and lytic effects of the zwitterionic bile derivative 3-((3
      deoxycholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate on phosphatidylcholine
      liposomes.
AB  - The effects of the zwitterionic bile derivative 3-((3
      deoxycholamidopropyl)dimethyl-ammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (Chaps) on
      multilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes have been characterized. When the
      surfactant is added to preformed liposome suspensions, equilibrium is attained in
      less than 6 h. Fifty percent solubilization, as measured by analysis of lipid P
      in supernatants after solubilization, occurs at a 0.32 lipid/detergent mole ratio
      for a 1 mM phospholipid concentration. Fifty percent release of entrapped glucose
      occurs at the same detergent concentration, suggesting that, in this system, no
      increase in permeability occurs prior to solubilization. A linear relationship is
      found between phospholipid concentration and amount of surfactant producing 50%
      solubilization. No lytic effect of Chaps is seen below 2 mM surfactant, this
      being probably near the critical micellar concentration of the amphiphile under
      our conditions. In the sublytic range of detergent concentrations, Chaps binds
      the lipid bilayers with high affinity, so that, at least at 1 mM phospholipid,
      the amount of free Chaps is negligible; solubilization starts when about two
      surfactant molecules are incorporated per phospholipid molecule. Differential
      scanning calorimetry shows that incorporation of Chaps into saturated
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers, even at concentrations below those producing
      solubilization, causes a decrease in the Tc gel-to-liquid crystalline main
      transition temperature of the phospholipid, and a decrease in the transition
      enthalpy; at the same time, a "shoulder" appears on the low-temperature side of
      the main endotherm. The ensemble of our data suggests that the behavior of Chaps
      toward phospholipid bilayers is intermediate between that of the natural bile
      derivatives and that of some well-known nonionic synthetic surfactants.

PMID- 3364980
TI  - Ethanol-induced modifications to membrane lipid structure: effect on
      phospholipase A2-membrane interactions.
AB  - Chronic ethanol intoxication leads to the development of a resistance to lipid
      disordering by ethanol, a phenomenon known as "membrane tolerance". In the
      absence of the added ethanol, the lipid order, as measured by ESR and
      fluorescence techniques, does not necessarily change as a result of chronic
      ethanol ingestion (as in liver microsomes, for example). This suggests that the
      spectroscopic techniques detect tolerance somewhat indirectly, in that the
      modification responsible may reside in a region distinct from that being probed
      and also raises the question of whether membrane tolerance is necessarily
      associated with an alteration in the membrane lipid structure. Here we show that
      liver microsomes from rats treated chronically with ethanol are rendered
      relatively resistant to the hydrolytic action of exogenous phospholipase A2,
      compared to preparations from control animals. This resistance persists in
      reconstituted lipid vesicles prepared from extracted phospholipids. Since the
      same substrate (1-palmitoyl-2-N-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)amino
      caproylphosphatidylcholine) was used in both membranes from ethanol-treated
      animals and controls, the modification appears to reside in the structure and/or
      organization of the membrane. Further evidence that the lipid structure is
      modified by chronic ethanol treatment is provided by the observation that
      perturbance of the membrane structural integrity by increasing levels of oleic
      acid led to a progressive loss of the ethanol-induced relative resistance to
      hydrolysis by phospholipase A2. The results of this study support the idea that
      membrane tolerance involves a modification to lipid structure probably at the
      bilayer surface. The use of exogenous phospholipase A2 provides a new method for
      probing the structural modifications induced by chronic ethanol ingestion.

PMID- 3364982
TI  - Partial purification, characterization, and kinetic analysis of isoflavone 5-O
      methyltransferase from yellow lupin roots.
AB  - An isoflavone 5-O-methyltransferase was partially purified from the roots of
      yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate,
      followed by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography using a fast-protein
      liquid chromatography system. This enzyme, which was purified 810-fold, catalyzed
      position-specific methylation of the 5-hydroxyl group of a number of substituted
      isoflavones. The methyltransferase had a pH optimum of 7 in phosphate buffer, an
      apparent pI of 5.2, a molecular weight of 55,000, no requirement for Mg2+, and
      was inhibited by various SH-group reagents. Substrate interaction kinetics of the
      isoflavonoid substrate and S-adenosyl-L-methionine gave converging lines which
      were consistent with a sequential bireactant binding mechanism. Furthermore,
      product inhibition studies showed competitive inhibition between S-adenosyl-L
      methionine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and noncompetitive inhibition between
      the isoflavone and either S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine or the 5-O-methylisoflavone.
      The kinetic patterns obtained were consistent with an ordered bi bi mechanism,
      where S-adenosyl-L-methionine is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme and S
      adenosyl-L-homocysteine is the final product released. The physiological role of
      this enzyme is discussed in relation to the biosynthesis of 5-O-methylisoflavones
      of this tissue.

PMID- 3364983
TI  - Binding and precipitation of lectins from Erythrina indica and Ricinus communis
      (agglutinin I) with synthetic cluster glycosides.
AB  - We recently reported that tri- and tetraantennary complex type oligosaccharides
      with nonreducing terminal galactose residues and the triantennary asialofetuin
      glycopeptide can bind and precipitate certain galactose specific lectins (L.
      Bhattacharyya, and C.F. Brewer (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 141, 963
      967; L. Bhattacharyya, M. Haraldsson, and C.F. Brewer (1988) Biochemistry 27,
      1034-1041). The present study investigates the binding interactions of two of
      these lectins, those from Erythrina indica and Ricinus communis (Agglutinin I),
      with mono-, bi-, and triantennary synthetic cluster glycosides, which have little
      structural resemblance to complex type oligosaccharides other than they possess
      nonreducing terminal galactose residues (R.T. Lee, P. Lin, and Y.C. Lee (1984)
      Biochemistry 23, 4255-4261). The enhanced affinities of the bi- and triantennary
      glycosides relative to the monoantennary glycoside for the two lectins are
      consistent with an increase in the probability of binding due to multiple binding
      residues in the multiantennary glycosides. The triantennary glycoside is capable
      of precipitating the two lectins, and quantitative precipitation data indicate
      that it is a trivalent ligand. The results show that the binding and
      precipitation activities of complex type oligosaccharides with these lectins is
      due solely to the presence of multiple terminal galactose residues and not to the
      overall structures of the oligosaccharides.

PMID- 3364984
TI  - The disulfide content of calf gamma-crystallin.
AB  - The disulfide content of calf gamma-crystallin polypeptides has been
      investigated. The gamma-crystallin fraction of the soluble lens proteins was
      separated into five distinct polypeptides and characterized by isoelectric
      focusing, amino acid composition, and N-terminal sequence analysis to 25
      residues. It has been demonstrated that 7 cysteines are present in gamma II, 4 to
      5 cysteines in gamma IIIa, gamma IIIb, and gamma IV, and 6 cysteines in gamma I
      (beta s). Reduction of the total gamma-crystallin fraction with DTT resulted in
      an increase of approximately 1 to 1.5 mol of free SH per mole of protein. This
      increase in sulfhydryls was demonstrated to be contributed primarily by gamma II,
      the major polypeptide representing 50% of the total gamma-crystallin, which
      showed an increase of approximately 2.5 mol of sulfhydryl per mole of protein
      upon reduction. Insignificant disulfide content was present in gamma III and
      gamma IV and only a slight amount of disulfide was found in gamma I (beta s). The
      observed increase in sulfhydryl content upon reduction was not due to the
      presence of mixed disulfides of 2-mercaptoethanol, glutathione, or cysteine. The
      data are consistent with approximately 1 mol of intramolecular disulfide per mole
      of protein being present in gamma II. X-ray crystallography of gamma II has shown
      that the spatial location of Cys18 and Cys22 in the tertiary structure permits
      disulfide bond formation. Sequence analysis of the four major polypeptides of
      gamma-crystallin, gamma II, gamma IIIa, gamma IIIb, and gamma IV indicates that
      only gamma II has both Cys18 and Cys22. Cys18 is present in gamma IIIa, gamma
      IIIb, and gamma IV but Cys22 is replaced by His22. It is probable that the lack
      of disulfide in gamma IIIa, gamma IIIb, and gamma IV is due to the absence of
      Cys22.

PMID- 3364985
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies that bind to galactosylgloboside (SSEA-3 antigen).
AB  - The 3-fucosyllactosamine (3-FL) antigenic determinant, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1
      3)]-GlcNAc-R, is very immunogenic in BALB/c mice. A panel of monoclonal
      antibodies was raised against a novel glycosphingolipid that contains a terminal
      3-FL structure (structure 1): (formula: see text) Surprisingly, most of these
      antibodies reacted with the internal galactosylgloboside structure rather than
      with the terminal 3-FL epitope. The specificities of two of these antibodies, 5A3
      and 8A7, were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining
      procedures, and compared with MC631 (anti-SSEA-3), the only other monoclonal
      antibody known to bind to galactosylgloboside. 5A3 and 8A7 bound equally well to
      structure 1 and to galactosylgloboside. These antibodies also bound to structure
      1 from which the terminal galactose, or the galactose and fucose, had been
      removed, but not to globoside or sialylated galactosylgloboside. In contrast,
      MC631 did not bind to structure 1 but, as described previously, did bind to
      globoside and sialylated galactosylgloboside. Galactosylgloboside is a
      developmentally regulated antigen of mouse embryos, human teratocarcinomas, and
      mouse embryonic brain. Antibodies 5A3 and 8A7 will complement MC631 in the
      analysis of the distribution and regulation of galactosylgloboside.

PMID- 3364987
TI  - From the MMWR. Henoch-Schonlein purpura--Connecticut.

PMID- 3364986
TI  - A rare genetically determined electrophoretic variant of human leucocyte type III
      hexokinase.
AB  - Various lines of evidence from starch gel electrophoretic experiments demonstrate
      the existence of a genetically determined rare variant form of the type III
      isozyme of hexokinase (HK) in the leucocytes of a small percentage of the general
      human population. This enzymatically active variant (designated IIIS) migrates
      slightly, but significantly, slower than the common form (designated IIIF). In
      addition to finding various individuals with a two-banded pattern (heterozygotes
      containing both IIIS and IIIF), a finding reported previously by S. Povey, G.
      Corney, and H. Harris ((1975) Ann. Hum. Genet. 38, 407-415), we discovered one
      person homozygous for the variant phenotype. In close agreement with Povey et
      al., screening of 59 individuals at random indicated a gene frequency of about
      0.017 for the IIIS allele, corresponding to a homozygous genotype for this allele
      that would be expected in about one of every 3500 individuals. Experiments
      involving the mixing of blood samples from the individual homozygous for IIIS
      with those homozygous for IIIF indicate that secondary in vitro changes, a
      possibility suggested by Povey et al., are not responsible for the appearance of
      the variant. This conclusion was supported by a demonstration of the specificity
      of the alteration in type III's mobility in comparison with the lack of
      alterations in any of the LDH isozymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and
      various amido black-stainable proteins. These studies confirm the proposal for a
      genetically determined polymorphism of type III HK. No differences could be found
      between the total HK activity (according to spectrophotometric assays) of
      extracts from the subject homozygous for the variant and the activity from the
      homozygote for the common form, in terms of either their Km values for glucose or
      their heat stability properties. The similarity of Km values was supported by
      kinetic assays performed during staining of the individual forms on
      electrophoretic gels. Previous findings, reported elsewhere, of type III HK in
      RBC extracts were shown here to be attributable to contamination, by leucocytes,
      of the extracts. As a consequence of these studies, slight, but significant,
      amounts of type II-like HK were also discovered in leucocytes. Because our
      studies described above were completed in 1969, advantage was taken of the
      opportunity to test the HK pattern 17 years later from some of the same subjects.
      The patterns of the homozygotes for IIIS and for IIIF and the heterozygotes were
      found to be identical to the original ones, indicating no age-, environmental-,
      or other time-related changes that could explain the variation in type III HK.

PMID- 3364988
TI  - Unusual manifestations of gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma in acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3364989
TI  - Development of verrucous plaques and gross hematuria in advanced cutaneous T-cell
      lymphoma.

PMID- 3364990
TI  - Etretinate for the treatment of lichen amyloidosis.

PMID- 3364991
TI  - Bowen's disease and internal malignant disease.

PMID- 3364992
TI  - Bowen's disease and internal malignant diseases. A study of 581 patients.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 581 patients with a diagnosis of Bowen's disease (BD)
      treated over a 40-year period, we traced patient records to identify later
      diagnoses of nonskin cancer. Fifty patients had nonskin cancer, as against an
      expected number of 40, but this difference was not significant. The lack of
      association was equally true for BD on sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed skin. Our
      findings support the view that BD is not a skin marker for internal malignant
      disease.

PMID- 3364993
TI  - Livedo vasculitis. Therapy with pentoxifylline.
AB  - Eight patients with livedo vasculitis of four to 30 years' duration that was
      unresponsive to a variety of medications were treated with pentoxifylline. Three
      patients experiences complete healing and remained free of active lesions while
      receiving the drug, four noted much improvement, and one had no change.

PMID- 3364995
TI  - Pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of the non-dermatological
      complications of epidermolysis bullosa. Proceedings of a conference.

PMID- 3364994
TI  - Self-healing pseudoangiosarcoma. Unusual vascular proliferation resembling a
      vascular malignancy of the skin.
AB  - Pseudomalignant vascular lesions are increasingly recognized by dermatologists
      and may be present in several disorders affecting vessels. We describe a 58-year
      old obese woman who developed vascular papulonodular lesions in the left
      inguinocrural area, clinically and histologically resembling a malignant vascular
      proliferation, that spontaneously regressed within a few months, after bed rest
      and weight reduction. Therefore, our patient's vascular lesions appear to have
      been pseudomalignancies. There are no other similar conditions reported in the
      literature. This kind of disorder demonstrates that vascular tissue can be
      involved in very bizarre cell and tissue reactions to several stimuli and can
      mimic malignant neoplasms. We stress the importance of constant surveillance of
      this kind of lesion to collect adequate clinical data, because histologic
      findings alone may cause misdiagnosis and lead to treatment hazardous to the
      patient.

PMID- 3364996
TI  - Oropharyngeal lesions and their management in epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - Unique oral problems are usually encountered in the patient with epidermolysis
      bullosa affecting both soft and hard oral tissues. Bulla formation leading to
      scarring, ankyloglossia, and microstomia restricts normal oral activities. In
      addition, food retention on hypoplastic enamel increases tooth breakdown.
      Management of routine dental care is complicated by the fears of both the patient
      and dentist. Preventive dental therapy should be initiated as early as possible
      to reduce dental diseases. Early intervention along with frequent evaluation by
      the dentist are indicated to ensure optimal dental health and oral functioning.

PMID- 3364997
TI  - Gastrointestinal manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa in children.
AB  - The medical and surgical management of the chronic and recurrent esophageal and
      anal lesions of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pose challenging
      problems for the physician. Various therapeutic approaches are discussed, and the
      case histories of four problem patients are reviewed.

PMID- 3364998
TI  - Eye lesions of epidermolysis bullosa. Clinical features, management, and
      prognosis.
AB  - Blepharitis, bullous lesions of the eyelids, and corneal erosions occur in
      patients with some, but not all, forms of epidermolysis bullosa. This preliminary
      report documents the ophthalmologic lesions observed in a series of 78 patients
      of varying ages.

PMID- 3364999
TI  - The velvet case.

PMID- 3365000
TI  - Asymptomatic progressive hyperpigmentation in a 16-year-old girl. Erythema
      dyschromicum perstans.

PMID- 3365001
TI  - A waxy plaque on the leg. Nodular or tumefactive cutaneous amyloidosis (NCA).

PMID- 3365002
TI  - Solitary congenital nodule of the ear. Solitary congenital calcified nodule of
      the ear.

PMID- 3365003
TI  - Preschool vision screening: a service in need of rationalisation.
AB  - A survey of health districts in England and Wales was carried out at the end of
      1984 to ascertain among other things the range of current programmes for
      preschool vision screening. The response rate was 81.3%. Altogether 94% of
      districts reported screening for both reduced visual acuity and squint; two
      districts screened for neither. A great variety of different types of tests were
      in use and screening was carried out at a variety of different ages. A high
      proportion of districts were screening children for reduced visual acuity in
      infancy, although screening tests applicable at this age have not been shown to
      be effective. Districts screened for squint between one and four times.
      Collection of routine monitoring information by districts was poor.

PMID- 3365004
TI  - Artificial ventilation in severe pertussis.
AB  - A retrospective review was conducted of all children admitted to our intensive
      care unit over eight years with a diagnosis of pertussis that had been proved on
      culture. Altogether 789 children were seen as outpatients and inpatients. Twenty
      four of these children were admitted to the intensive care unit, 13 of whom
      required ventilatory support; two of the ventilated patients died. Intubation and
      ventilation were usually started for appreciable apnoea. Most patients requiring
      support were less than 3 months of age and required intervention within the first
      16 days of cough. For these patients ventilation was neither difficult nor
      prolonged. Coughing spasms were not a problem and intubation and ventilation
      appeared to attenuate the progress of the disease. The presence of severe
      bacterial pneumonia associated with difficult ventilation requiring neuromuscular
      paralysis indicated a poor prognosis. It is suggested that intubation and
      ventilation can be safely used in very severe pertussis infection and, because of
      their greater risk of hypoxic damage and death, it should not be reserved as a
      last resort in critically ill infants.

PMID- 3365005
TI  - Pulmonary function in children after neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome.
AB  - Eighteen children aged 6 to 11 years old who fulfilled criteria for the diagnosis
      of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome were investigated to find out the
      prevalence of previous and current respiratory symptoms, and abnormal pulmonary
      function tests, chest radiographs, and ventilation scans. Eleven of the 18 had no
      respiratory symptoms and eight of these had normal pulmonary function on testing.
      Two had mild limitation of expiratory airflow that did not respond to treatment
      with bronchodilators, and one had exercise induced bronchospasm that responded to
      treatment with bronchodilators. Seven of the 18 had recurrent cough and wheezing
      compatible with a diagnosis of asthma, and five of these had appreciable exercise
      induced bronchospasm that responded to treatment with bronchodilators. None of
      the children with symptoms had a personal or family history of atopy or had had
      acute bronchiolitis. All chest radiographs were normal. We found a much higher
      prevalence of asthmatic symptoms and abnormal bronchial reactivity among
      survivors of neonatal meconium aspiration syndrome than in the general childhood
      population. Aspiration of meconium may have long term consequences for the
      developing respiratory tract and is associated with abnormal respiratory function
      in later childhood.

PMID- 3365006
TI  - Teenage sexual intercourse and pregnancy.
AB  - One hundred and one pregnant girls aged under 18 years were interviewed to
      collect information about the development of their sexual awareness, attitudes
      towards relationships, and about their social context. The data show that the
      girls were likely to come from homes where the parents were divorced, where the
      mother married when she was under 21 years of age, and where her first child was
      conceived out of wedlock. Altogether 76 of these pregnant girls first had
      intercourse before they were 16 years old. The younger the girl at first
      intercourse the sooner it occurred in the relationship and for almost half of the
      girls first intercourse was unplanned. Although almost half used contraception on
      the first occasion, only one third of the girls used contraceptives regularly.
      Most expressed the wish that they had delayed intercourse until they were older.

PMID- 3365007
TI  - Parental diary of infant cry and fuss behaviour.
AB  - Despite their common use parental diaries of infants' cry and fuss behaviour have
      not been compared with objective methods of recording. To understand what is
      meant by the descriptions of crying and fussing in the diaries, the diaries of 10
      mothers of 6 week old infants were compared with tape recordings of vocalisations
      made by the babies over a 24 hour period. There were moderately strong
      correlations between the frequency of episodes (clusters of 'negative
      vocalisations') on the audiotape and episodes of 'crying and fussing' in the
      diaries, and between the duration of episodes on the audiotape and episodes of
      'crying' in the diaries. To assess the acceptability of the diaries for recording
      information for clinical and epidemiological research, they were then used in a
      population study of a wide socioeconomic group. Usable data were obtained from
      91% of the sample. The results suggest that despite pronounced differences
      between recording methods, these diaries may provide valid and useful reports of
      crying and fussing in the short term.

PMID- 3365009
TI  - Urinary creatinine excretion in the newborn.
AB  - We measured the excretion rate of endogenous creatinine in 84 24-hour urine
      collections obtained from 60 term and preterm newborn infants between the 3rd and
      the 68th postnatal day, at postconceptional ages 28-42 weeks. The rate was
      positively correlated with weight, height, and postconceptional age but not with
      postnatal age; the strongest correlation was that with weight. When the rate was
      factored by weight it was constant across the range of values studied, with a
      median and logarithmic mean value of 90 mumol/kg/day (10 mg/kg/day) and a range
      (2 log SD) of 45-180 mumol/kg/day (5-20 mg/kg/day).

PMID- 3365008
TI  - Infant feeding and allergy.
AB  - The effect of withholding cows' milk was examined in 487 infants at high risk of
      allergic disease. Before birth they were randomly allocated either to a control
      group, most of whom received cows' milk preparations, or to an intervention
      group, who were offered a soya based substitute. Eczema and wheezing occurred to
      a similar extent in the two groups during the first year of life, although napkin
      rash, diarrhoea, and oral thrush were commoner in the intervention group,
      especially during the first three months. Breast feeding for any length of time
      was associated with a reduced incidence of wheezing and diarrhoea.

PMID- 3365010
TI  - Referrals to a regional neonatal intensive care unit.
AB  - Over a three year period 444 requests for the neonatal transfer of babies with
      acute medical problems were received at this regional neonatal medical unit.
      Despite an increase in available resources in the North Western Health Region the
      provision of intensive care remained inadequate with 38% of requests declined,
      and babies had to be referred elsewhere including to neighbouring health regions.
      The survival of those babies who had to remain at the hospital of birth (49%) was
      significantly lower than for those transferred to the regional centre (71%).
      Those babies declined admission had significantly lower gestational ages and
      birth weights than those accepted. For those babies with respiratory failure and
      birth weights of less than 1500 g within these two groups, however, there were no
      significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, or gender yet survival
      was significantly better for those transferred. Babies from multiple pregnancies
      caused particular problems if neonatal transfer was required.

PMID- 3365011
TI  - Clinical features of conversion disorder.
AB  - This study reviewed the case notes of 52 children diagnosed as suffering from
      hysterical conversion during admission to a paediatric teaching hospital over a
      10 year period. The disorder was rare below 8 years of age and girls outnumbered
      boys three to one. Altogether 75% of the children presented during spring and
      summer; at the time of end of year exams and the beginning of the new school
      year. The presentation was usually polysymptomatic with gait disturbance being
      the main complaint in 36 children. Sensory abnormality, predominantly pain, was
      present in 40 children; this indicates a strong association between psychogenic
      pain and conversion disorder in children. At discharge 32 were completely
      recovered or had appreciably improved. There was a core group that presented
      particular difficulties with diagnosis and showed little positive response to
      treatment.

PMID- 3365012
TI  - Fructosamine or glycated haemoglobin as a measure of diabetic control?
AB  - Glycated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1c), fructosamine, and total serum proteins were
      measured in 30 normal and 61 diabetic children. The normal range for HbA1c was
      4.7-8.8% and for fructosamine was 0.98-1.88 mmol/l. These were similar to adult
      normal ranges and there were no significant age differences during childhood.
      There was a highly significant correlation between HbA1c and fructosamine in the
      diabetic children but this was lost when only concentrations within the
      established normal ranges were considered. Adjustment of concentrations of
      fructosamine for total serum proteins made no difference to the results. Changes
      in HbA1c and fructosamine were followed in three newly diagnosed patients and in
      one whose diabetes was getting worse. HbA1c decayed with a half life of 28.7 days
      and fructosamine decayed with a half life of 16.5 days. Fructosamine
      concentrations were lower than expected in the patients who were improving and
      higher than expected in the patient who was deteriorating. It is suggested that
      while fructosamine is not a direct substitute for HbA1c it may be a useful
      adjunct in determining whether a patient is worsening or improving in the short
      term. A change from HbA1c to fructosamine for routine assessment of diabetes
      while retaining HbA1c on selected occasions would result in some cost savings
      while retaining the advantages of having both assays available.

PMID- 3365013
TI  - Liver failure and Epstein-Barr virus infection.
AB  - A 5 year old boy developed liver failure secondary to infection with Epstein-Barr
      virus. He was subsequently shown to have a partial C4 complement deficiency. The
      importance of considering Epstein-Barr virus as a cause of fulminant hepatic
      failure and the need to assess immune state in such an event is emphasised.

PMID- 3365014
TI  - Cranial diabetes insipidus in early infancy.
AB  - We report an infant who developed cranial diabetes insipidus after septicaemic
      shock. This condition should be considered in any child who suffers an acute
      collapse and it may be more common in the high risk neonate than has previously
      been recognised.

PMID- 3365015
TI  - Atopic eczema and preterm birth.
AB  - In a group of 443 children with atopic eczema there was a significant lack of
      subjects born before 37 weeks' gestation. It is possible that preterm birth
      reduces the chances of the subsequent development of severe atopic disease.

PMID- 3365016
TI  - Hypothermia and sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - We recently reported an association between recurrent episodes of severe apnoea
      requiring vigorous resuscitation for which no cause could be found and episodic
      hypothermia. Two similar cases are now reported that give further evidence of a
      link between hypothermia and acute life threatening episodes of apnoea.

PMID- 3365018
TI  - Sexual abuse--the final word?

PMID- 3365017
TI  - Varicella gangrenosa.
AB  - A four year old girl presented with varicella gangrenosa, and haematological
      investigations showed a disseminated intravascular coagulation. The child
      subsequently developed a unilateral deep venous thrombosis. She was treated with
      oral steroids and intravenous heparin and made a full recovery.

PMID- 3365019
TI  - Facts for teachers of children with cancer.
AB  - As the prospects of cure for children with cancer increase, the long term
      consequences of treatment and the quality of life experienced by survivors assume
      greater importance. Strategies to encourage early return to school after
      diagnosis are of considerable importance both educationally and socially, but
      teachers require information to help them facilitate the child's return. The
      extent to which professional contact is fostered between children's cancer
      centres and the education service is the subject of this short survey.

PMID- 3365020
TI  - Sexual abuse in children.

PMID- 3365021
TI  - Child abuse--consequences for health services.

PMID- 3365022
TI  - Validity of forced expiratory flow volume loops in neonates.

PMID- 3365023
TI  - The colour of light for neonatal phototherapy.

PMID- 3365024
TI  - When not to do a lumbar puncture.

PMID- 3365025
TI  - Urodynamic studies before and after retropubic colpo-urethrocystopexy in fertile
      women with stress urinary incontinence.
AB  - We compared urodynamic parameters in a group of 30 healthy women of fertile age,
      before and after primary retropubic colpo-urethrocystopexy carried out to correct
      genuine stress urinary incontinence. The mean interval between surgical treatment
      and follow-up was 38.0 (SD 10.2) months. In 26 women, subjectively and
      objectively cured at follow-up, we found an increase of 5.1 mm in functional
      length of the urethra (t = 4.5; P less than 0.001), an increase of 12.3 cm H2O in
      the urethral closure pressure (t = 3.9; P less than 0.001), and a 22.1% increase
      in the transmission ratio (t = 3.2; P less than 0.01). However, 9 of these 26
      women satisfied with the results of the surgical treatment showed a drop in at
      least 2 of the parameters studied. In the group of 4 women not satisfied with the
      results of the surgical treatment we found an improvement in all of the
      urodynamic parameters studied, similar to those found in the group of satisfied
      women, though less pronounced. This study indicates that successful surgical
      treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence is not related to surgically
      induced changes in the urodynamic parameters.

PMID- 3365026
TI  - Wertheim radical hysterectomy 1921-1986: changes in urologic complications.
AB  - In order to assess the incidence and type of urologic complications associated
      with Wertheim's radical hysterectomy we studied all 154 patients undergoing
      radical hysterectomy at our department between 1980 and 1986. More than 2/3 of
      patients had stage I carcinoma of the cervix, the mean age was 46.9 years (range
      27-73 years). Various intraoperative reconstructive procedures were required in
      5%. A comparison with the experience of Wertheim (before 1919) and that of a
      subsequent time period (1952-1967) showed that while the incidence of
      intraoperative injury to the lower urinary tract remained stable, the incidence
      of postoperative fistula formation decreased significantly (from 6.4% to 0.6%),
      possibly due to changes in the operative technique. We conclude that Wertheim's
      radical hysterectomy now involves only a very low risk of injury to the bladder
      or to the ureter.

PMID- 3365027
TI  - Functional affinity of IgM rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and other autoimmune diseases.
AB  - The functional affinity of IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) was measured in 31
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 24 with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE), 13 with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and in 13 seropositive healthy
      individuals. The functional affinity of IgM RF from patients with RA was
      significantly lower than in the other clinical groups studied. In addition, there
      was a significant inverse correlation between functional affinity and titre of
      IgM RF in all the groups. These results suggest that the usual mechanisms of
      affinity based selective pressure (somatic diversification and antigen selection)
      may operate differently for autoantibodies to serum antigens such as IgG.

PMID- 3365028
TI  - Evidence that Chlamydia trachomatis causes seronegative arthritis in women.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies (EBs) were found in synovial membranes or
      synovial fluid cell deposits from five of 15 women with seronegative mono- or
      oligoarthritis by means of a fluorescein conjugated anti-chlamydial monoclonal
      antibody (Micro Trak; Syva). Genital tract specimens were taken from only five of
      the patients, one of whom had intra-articular EBs, but none was chlamydia
      positive. Six of 10 patients tested were HLA-B27 positive, and chlamydial IgG
      antibody, measured by microimmunofluorescence, was present at a titre of
      1/greater than or equal to 64 in the sera of five of the 15 patients, three of
      the five having EBs in their joints. In contrast, chlamydial EBs were not
      detected in the joints of a control group of 10 other women, most of whom had
      rheumatoid arthritis. None of them was HLA-B27 positive, and only one had a
      chlamydial antibody titre of 1/greater than or equal to 64. Neither Mycoplasma
      hominis nor ureaplasmas were isolated from the synovial fluids of seven patients
      and five controls who were tested. Antibody to M genitalium, however, was
      detected in five of the 10 patients but in none of the controls. This evidence
      apart, there was no other suggest that mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas might be
      responsible for arthritis which could not be attributed to chlamydiae.

PMID- 3365029
TI  - Serum cytidine deaminase levels after withdrawal of non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Increases in joint inflammation in nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis were
      provoked by withdrawal of their non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain
      score, duration of morning stiffness, Ritchie articular index score, and the
      number of analgesic tablets consumed reached peaks after five, three, five, and
      five days respectively compared with values during six days of normal treatment.
      Changes in serum cytidine deaminase (believed to reflect polymorph turnover in
      inflamed joints) showed a different pattern, with a sharp peak after two days and
      a subsequent trough. Possible mechanisms for these differences are discussed.

PMID- 3365030
TI  - Autoantibodies to type II collagen: occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis, other
      arthritides, autoimmune connective tissue diseases, and chronic inflammatory
      syndromes.
AB  - Serum IgG antibodies to native and denatured human type II collagen (Col II) were
      measured using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred and
      thirty one patients with various forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis
      (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PSA). Reiter's Syndrome
      (RS), osteoarthritis (OA), and gout, 60 with autoimmune connective tissue
      disease, and 37 with the chronic inflammatory conditions--graft versus host
      disease and leprosy--were studied. With the exception of RS, PSA, OA, and gout,
      significant levels of Col II antibodies were detected in each disease group.
      Blocking studies with types I and II collagen on selected serum samples confirmed
      the specificity to native Col II, though some cross reactivity was apparent with
      denatured collagen. The patients with RA who were Col II antibody positive tended
      to fall into stage III of disease progression. There was, however, no correlation
      with rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or disease duration and
      this, together with the finding that Col II antibodies are present in a wide
      array of diseases, makes their role in the pathogenesis of RA questionable. They
      may arise as a secondary disease perpetuating mechanism in some patients, or in
      turn may be an epiphenomenon secondary to generalised disturbed immunoregulation
      or B cell hyperreactivity, or both, that characterises these clinical conditions.

PMID- 3365031
TI  - Acute vertebral osteomyelitis complicating Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.
AB  - The first well documented case of acute pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis
      presenting as the initial manifestation of Streptococcus sanguis endocarditis is
      reported. The importance of suspecting vertebral osteomyelitis in the presence of
      disc infection and the diagnostic value of imaging procedures are underlined.

PMID- 3365032
TI  - Polymyositis after propylthiouracil treatment for hyperthyroidism.
AB  - An additional disorder in the spectrum of thyroid related muscle disease is
      presented. Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid disease are both associated with a
      variety of muscle abnormalities, from myalgias to myopathy. Polymyositis,
      however, has never been reported immediately after treatment for active
      hyperthyroidism. A patient is presented with typical hyperthyroidism, who
      developed a severe proximal muscle weakness and a raised creatine phosphokinase
      after treatment for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (100 mg orally, three
      times a day). Electromyography, muscle biopsy, and the course of the patient's
      illness were consistent with polymyositis. Whether this represents a cause-effect
      association or a chance occurrence is unknown. Physician awareness of the
      occurrence of a variety of muscle disorders including polymyositis in thyroid
      disease is emphasised. A brief discussion of thyroid myopathy, thionamide drug
      reactions, and polymyositis is included.

PMID- 3365033
TI  - Discovertebral destruction in ankylosing spondylitis complicated by spinal cord
      compression.
AB  - A 56 year old man with ankylosing spondylitis and discovertebral destruction
      presented with signs of spinal cord compression that was the result of the soft
      tissue reaction occurring at the level of the discovertebral destruction. This
      case emphasises the importance of early recognition, use of appropriate imaging
      techniques (computed tomographic myelography or magnetic resonance), and
      operative intervention in the management of this rare complication of ankylosing
      spondylitis.

PMID- 3365034
TI  - Behcet's disease and pregnancy.

PMID- 3365035
TI  - Does AIDS 'cure' rheumatoid arthritis?

PMID- 3365036
TI  - Treatment of achalasia: a continuing controversy.

PMID- 3365037
TI  - The effects of cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegia on coronary flow
      velocity and the reactive hyperemic response in patients and dogs.
AB  - In normal coronary arteries, reactive hyperemic responses to a 20-second
      occlusion, an index of coronary reserve, usually demonstrate a peak-to-resting
      flow velocity ratio of 4:1 or more. Most intraoperative studies that have
      assessed reactive hyperemic responses in bypassed vessels have reported peak-to
      resting flow velocity ratios of 2:1 or less following a 20-second occlusion.
      These decreased reactive hyperemic responses could be due to coronary
      vasodilatation after cardiopulmonary bypass or to an inadequate physiological
      result of the surgical procedure. In 14 patients with angiographically normal
      coronary arteries, the peak-to-resting flow velocity ratio following a 20-second
      coronary occlusion decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 4.4 +/- 0.2
      (mean +/- standard error) before bypass to 3.0 +/- 0.3 after bypass. In a similar
      dog model, the peak-to-resting flow velocity ratio decreased by 36 to 52% during
      the first hour following one hour of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia.
      During the same period, left ventricular perfusion increased 21 to 30%, mean
      arterial pressure and coronary vascular resistance decreased, and myocardial
      oxygen consumption was unchanged. In a second group of dogs studied for the
      effects of duration (200 to 240 minutes) of anesthesia and thoracotomy alone,
      peak-to-resting flow velocity ratio was significantly lower. These clinical and
      experimental studies suggest that major coronary vasodilatation occurs early
      following cardiopulmonary bypass and cold cardioplegia, and may contribute to the
      blunted coronary reactive hyperemic responses reported during this time.
      Consequently, an intraoperative peak-to-resting flow velocity ratio of 3:1 for
      bypassed coronary arteries may represent an excellent physiological result.

PMID- 3365038
TI  - Prolonged asystole during intraoperative myocardial reperfusion: an experimental
      study.
AB  - It has been observed in a proportion of patients, that clinically cardiac
      asystole persists for a prolonged period during intraoperative reperfusion. To
      evaluate this phenomenon, isovolumic functional indices (left ventricular [LV]
      balloon) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MV02) were compared in 22 canine
      preparations before and after two different interventions. After 45 minutes of
      normothermic global ischemia, (1) the control group (N = 11) was maintained on
      cardiopulmonary bypass with the hearts beating empty and (2) the experimental
      group (N = 11) was subjected to cardioplegia reperfusion at normothermia for one
      hour. In contradistinction to the initial hypothesis, functional recovery was
      better in the experimental group compared with the controls. Significant
      differences were observed in recovery of LV peak developed pressure (LVPDP)
      (controls, 66.8 +/- 7.3% [mean +/- standard error of the mean], and experimental
      group, 99.5 +/- 8.9%; p less than 0.05), maximum rate of rise of LV pressure
      (controls, 116.6 +/- 16.2%, and experimental group, 147.7 +/- 10.1; p less than
      0.05), and maximum fall of LV pressure (controls, 100.3 +/- 15.8%, and
      experimental group, 143.1 +/- 11.5%; p less than 0.05). Correlation between LVPDP
      and MVO2 was also better preserved in the experimental group (controls: r = 0.15,
      N = 74, p = 0.18; experimental group: r = 0.47, N = 75, p less than 0.001).
      Values for myocardial water content and total creatine kinase in the two groups
      were similar. It was concluded that prolonged asystole during intraoperative
      reperfusion is not detrimental; on the contrary, there is enhanced functional
      recovery of the myocardium similar to that seen after secondary cardioplegia.

PMID- 3365039
TI  - Surgical treatment of achalasia: results with esophagomyotomy and Belsey repair.
AB  - To address the controversy regarding the choice of operation for achalasia, the
      cases of 57 patients having operation, 38 for the first time (Group 1) and 19
      with a previous procedure (Group 2), were reviewed. Surgical emphasis was on
      hiatal dissection to maximize exposure and use of the Belsey fundoplication to
      achieve cardiac competence without obstruction. Operative mortality was 1 (1.8%)
      of 57 patients. In group 1, 21 of the 38 had prior pneumatic dilations. All were
      treated with esophagomyotomy and a Belsey fundoplication. Clinical results are
      excellent or good in 30 (88%) of the 34 patients for whom follow-up is available,
      and are similar in patients with and without prior dilation. Lower esophageal
      sphincter (LES) pressure decreased from 22.3 to 7.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.001),
      and pH testing shows no reflux in any of 13 patients. In Group 2, previous
      operations were esophagomyotomy in 13, esophagomyotomy plus a Nissen
      fundoplication in 3, and a Nissen fundoplication only in 3. The initial operation
      failed because of inadequate myotomy in 6 patients, an obstructive Nissen
      fundoplication in 6, and reflux esophagitis in 7. In these 7 patients, acid
      reflux testing documented reflux due to cardiac incompetence and delayed
      clearance. Reoperations included takedown of a Nissen fundoplication in 6,
      esophagomyotomy and Belsey procedure in 15, Belsey procedure in 1, and resection
      plus colon interposition in 2. Clinical results are excellent or good in 12 (75%)
      of the patients with follow-up. These conclusions can be drawn. (1)
      Esophagomyotomy and Belsey fundoplication lowers LES pressure and provides good
      results with low risk, even after pneumatic dilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3365041
TI  - Noninvasive three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart and great vessels by
      ECG-gated magnetic resonance imaging: a new diagnostic modality.
AB  - We have developed a new method of computer image processing that allows true
      three-dimensional (3-D) images of the heart and great vessels to be reconstructed
      from standard ECG-gated two-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images.
      Contiguous 5-mm thick MR images of the thorax from the level of the cardiac apex
      to the aortic arch were obtained in 4 normal volunteers and 3 patients with
      congenital heart disease: 1 with pseudotruncus arteriosus and 1 with a
      ventricular septal defect, each with Eisenmenger's complex, and 1 with aortic
      coarctation. Each image could be obtained at up to seven different intervals
      throughout the cardiac cycle with ECG gating. The scanning procedure is
      noninvasive and requires no contrast material. Using standard software, images
      from each interval in the cardiac cycle were edited to isolate pertinent cardiac
      and great vessel structures. High-resolution 3-D reconstructions were formed for
      each interval by stacking the edited images. Sequential projection of 3-D
      reconstructions from each interval yields four-dimensional (includes time) cine
      views. Both 3-D and cine views can be obtained from any axis or divided in any
      plane to allow accurate, noninvasive assessment of cardiac and great vessel
      anatomy, chamber volumes, and regional and global wall motion. Noninvasive 3-D
      reconstruction of the heart and great vessels provides accurate anatomical data
      not available from standard cardiac catheterization or other noninvasive
      diagnostic procedures, and aids in the preoperative planning of the procedure to
      correct complex congenital malformations.

PMID- 3365040
TI  - Surgical division of Wolff-Parkinson-White pathways utilizing the closed-heart
      technique: a 2-year experience in 47 patients.
AB  - Kent bundle interruption for ventricular preexcitation has been successfully
      accomplished utilizing several different surgical techniques. The external closed
      heart technique of Guiraudon combining surgical dissection and cryoablation has
      been used to interrupt 52 accessory pathways in 47 consecutive patients since
      May, 1985. The 35 male and 12 female patients ranged in age from 10 to 67 years
      (mean, 30 years). There were 25 left free wall, 13 right free wall, 13 posterior
      septal, and 1 anterior septal accessory pathways. Preoperative and intraoperative
      electrophysiological studies were performed in all patients to induce the
      arrhythmia and localize all accessory pathways. The operation consisted of
      dissection of the atrioventricular fat pad. Following this, the delta wave and
      retrograde accessory pathway conduction disappeared, thereby indicating
      successful pathway ablation. In 4 patients with right-sided accessory pathways,
      interruption of the pathway required cryoablation. Cryolesions (made with
      cryoprobe at -60 degrees C for two minutes) were created in the region of the
      accessory pathway insertion. All accessory pathways were successfully ablated
      without any deaths or heart block. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed
      in 4 patients. Two patients required a second operation the next day for an
      accessory pathway not found at the initial operation. Three patients had
      postpericardiotomy syndrome, and 4 had recurrent atrial fibrillation requiring
      therapy. The remaining patients have had no arrhythmia recurrence and have
      remained drug free after a follow-up of 1 month to 22 months (mean, 12.5 months).
      We conclude that the closed-heart technique of accessory pathway ablation is safe
      and reproducible, obviates the necessity for aortic cross-clamping and
      cardioplegic arrest, and allows instantaneous monitoring of conduction over the
      pathway.

PMID- 3365042
TI  - Balloon valvuloplasty in calcified aortic stenosis: a cause for caution and
      alarm.
AB  - Balloon dilation by the percutaneous route has recently been recommended as an
      alternative to surgical intervention in the management of calcified aortic
      valvular stenosis. To investigate the validity of balloon valvuloplasty, this
      procedure was carried out in the operating room under direct vision in 30
      patients just prior to excision and replacement of the ossified aortic valve.
      Changes induced by balloon dilation were evaluated by visual inspection as well
      as by geometric measurements. By visual observation, balloon valvuloplasty did
      not have a detectable impact on the valvular anatomy in about 19 of the patients
      and induced enlargement of the functional aortic orifice judged as "minimal" or
      "moderate" in only 11. In no patient was there a substantial increase in the
      functional orifice size. These findings were supported by geometrical
      measurements. Therefore, we believe that the virtues of this procedure have been
      grossly overstated by its proponents and that it should be offered only to
      patients who present a truly forbidding risk by standards of modern surgery.

PMID- 3365043
TI  - Changes in left ventricular systolic wall stress during biventricular circulatory
      assistance.
AB  - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) reduces the systolic stress integral
      (SSI) in the normal left ventricle. We tested the hypothesis that the SSI does
      not decrease in poorly contracting, dilated, ejecting hearts during ECMO. In 14
      sheep, four pairs of ultrasonic crystals measured changes in left ventricular
      (LV) wall thickness and three LV diameters. Volume calculations were validated by
      balloon distention of the ventricles after death (slope = 0.85; r = 0.85). SSI
      was measured during ECMO flows of 20 to 100 ml/kg/min in both normal and dilated,
      poorly contracting hearts produced by 30 minutes of warm ischemia. After warm
      ischemia, end-systolic elastance, an index of contractility, decreased from 8.3
      +/- 0.6 mm Hg/ml to 2.9 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml (p = 0.001) and peak systolic pressure
      decreased from 47.4 +/- 0.7 mm Hg to 37.5 +/- 0.08 mm Hg (p = 0.01). In normal
      hearts, as ECMO flow increased, SSI decreased from 10.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg.sec to 7.7
      +/- 0.8 mm Hg.sec at 60 ml/kg/min (p = 0.001). However, in postischemic hearts,
      SSI progressively increased from 6.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg.sec before ECMO to 12.4 +/-
      1.8 mm Hg.sec at ECMO = 100 ml/kg/min. These studies indicate that the initial
      effect of ECMO on the poorly contracting, dilated heart increases LV wall stress
      and that the increase in stress is proportional to ECMO flow. The increase in
      stress is primarily due to an increase in afterload, which more than offsets
      decreases in systolic and diastolic volumes.

PMID- 3365044
TI  - Predictors of operative mortality in critical valvular aortic stenosis presenting
      in infancy.
AB  - Congenital aortic stenosis presenting within the first 6 months of life is a
      highly lethal anomaly. Although aortic valvotomy has offered excellent palliation
      in many instances, the operative risk remains substantial. To better understand
      the factors associated with a poor operative result, the records of all patients
      less than 6 months of age undergoing aortic valvotomy at our institution from
      1972 through 1986 were analyzed. Nineteen patients (58%) (Group I) survived
      operation; 14 (42%) (Group II) died. The following variables were analyzed in an
      attempt to define those with prognostic significance: mean pulmonary artery
      pressure (PAP), left ventricular (LV) peak systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic
      pressure, peak systolic aortic valve gradient, LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),
      LV ejection fraction, and age at operation. The only variables that were
      significantly different in the two groups were mean PA (Group I, 29 +/- 3 mm Hg,
      and Group II, 54 +/- 3 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) and LVEDV (Group I, 50 +/- 8
      ml/m2, and Group II, 20 +/- 4 ml/m2; p less than 0.05). No patient with an LVEDV
      of 20 ml/m2 or less survived operation. We conclude that small LV dimension and
      elevation of PAP may be predictive of a poor surgical result in patients with
      severe aortic stenosis presenting in infancy.

PMID- 3365045
TI  - Cricoid split for subglottic stenosis in infancy.
AB  - Historically, tracheostomy has been used for infants with airway obstruction
      caused by congenital or acquired subglottic stenosis. Postoperative morbidity and
      mortality with this provisional operation led Cotton, in 1980, to substitute
      anterior cricoid split as the primary definitive procedure. Within the past three
      years, anterior cricoid split has been performed in 4 infants, aged 3 to 9
      months, with acquired (3 patients) or congenital (1 patient) subglottic stenosis
      requiring ventilation through an endotracheal tube. Following cricoid split, the
      trachea is stented for 12 to 14 days by a nasotracheal tube, with extubation and
      rigid bronchoscopy in the operating room with the patient under anesthesia to
      confirm healing and patency. During an 18- to 24-month follow-up in these 4
      patients, morbidity has been minimal, patency has persisted, and stridor has not
      recurred. Accordingly, a conclusive operation, cricoid split, rather than a
      temporizing tracheostomy may be employed for certain obstructive tracheal lesions
      early in life.

PMID- 3365046
TI  - Comparison of single versus multidose blood cardioplegia in arterial switch
      procedures.
AB  - Fifty-three patients with transposition of the great arteries and Taussig-Bing
      anomaly undergoing an arterial switch procedure were divided into two groups.
      Group 1 (N = 32) received multidose cardioplegia injected initially into the
      aortic root and subsequently into the coronary artery orifices and Group 2 (N =
      21), single-dose cardioplegia injected into the aortic root. The mean aortic
      cross-clamp and bypass times were generally longer in Group 1 compared with Group
      2. Group 1 patients with simple transposition undergoing primary repair (N = 15)
      had an aortic cross-clamp time of 80 +/- 8 minutes and a bypass time of 203 +/-
      27 minutes versus 64 +/- 6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and 170 +/- 15 minutes (p
      less than 0.01), respectively, for similar patients in Group 2 (N = 10). Group 1
      patients with simple transposition undergoing staged repair (N = 7) had an aortic
      cross-clamp time of 71 +/- 6 minutes and a bypass time of 201 +/- 24 minutes
      versus 66 +/- 4 minutes (p = not significant [NS]) and 226 +/- 25 minutes (p =
      NS), respectively, for Group 2 (N = 6). In Group 1 patients with complex
      transposition (N = 10), the aortic bypass time was 79 +/- 12 minutes and the
      bypass time was 261 +/- 40 minutes versus 64 +/- 11 minutes (p less than 0.05)
      and 225 +/- 16 minutes (p less than 0.1), respectively, for Group 2 (N = 5).
      Early mortality was 16% (5/32) in Group 1; there were no early deaths in Group
      2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365047
TI  - Initial experimental experience with a "replaceable" cardiac valve prosthesis.
AB  - An easily "replaceable" cardiac valve prosthesis has been designed. It consists
      of two parts: (1) a sewing ring incorporating a circlip and (2) a functioning
      valve (either mechanical or tissue). The circlip is encased in a sewing ring,
      which is sutured into the natural valve annulus, and grips the functional part of
      the prosthesis, thereby preventing dislodgment. A simple instrument has been
      designed to open the circlip a few millimeters to allow easy removal or insertion
      of the functional element. This sewing ring/circlip with the functional element
      of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis was used in 10 baboons undergoing mitral valve
      replacement. Removal and replacement of the functional element was carried out at
      a second operation between 1 and 12 weeks later. There were no operative deaths.
      Baboons were electively killed one day to twelve months after the second
      operation. There were no complications related to the prosthesis; cardiac
      catheterization showed normal hemodynamics before and after the second operative
      procedure.

PMID- 3365048
TI  - Coronary embolism following atrial septal defect repair.
AB  - To our knowledge, coronary embolism following repair of atrial septal defect has
      not been reported previously. A 29-year-old woman had an angiographically
      documented embolus to the circumflex coronary artery on the fifth postoperative
      day after pericardial patch repair of a secundum atrial septal defect. This
      complication might have been prevented by temporary postoperative
      anticoagulation.

PMID- 3365049
TI  - Spontaneous aortic thrombosis in a neonate presenting as coarctation.
AB  - Spontaneous aortic thrombosis in the neonate is a rare entity of uncertain
      etiology with a high mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a
      newborn surviving surgical treatment of spontaneous thrombosis of the thoracic
      aorta.

PMID- 3365050
TI  - Massive hemoptysis complicating Behcet's syndrome: the importance of early
      pulmonary angiography and operation.
AB  - A 16-year-old patient with Behcet's syndrome had massive hemoptysis due to a
      ruptured aneurysm of a segmental artery of the left lung. Emergency left lower
      lobectomy was performed. The patient is well 12 months after operation. There
      have been no further episodes of hemoptysis.

PMID- 3365051
TI  - Sutureless aortic valve replacement for periannular abscess due to active
      bacterial endocarditis: a new translocation technique.
AB  - A composite valve prosthesis was prepared by direct suture of the ring
      prosthesis, which was separated from an intraluminal ringed graft, with a St.
      Jude Medical aortic valve. A new translocation method using this composite valve
      prosthesis was performed on a patient with aortic periannular abscess, with
      favorable result.

PMID- 3365052
TI  - Mediastinal hemangiomas.

PMID- 3365053
TI  - Transthoracic needle biopsy with bucrylate.

PMID- 3365054
TI  - Nitrous oxide for blood pressure control.

PMID- 3365055
TI  - Right atrial approach for acquired posterior ventricular septal defect.

PMID- 3365056
TI  - The age-dependent decline in the biliary transport maximum of conjugated
      sulfobromophthalein in the rat.
AB  - In order to elucidate the effect of aging on the biliary transport of organic
      anions, we examined the biliary transport maximum (Tm) for sulfobromophthalein
      (BSP) conjugated with glutathione in male and female Fischer-344 rats of various
      ages (3, 6, 24 and 30 months) during the constant intravenous infusion of
      conjugated BSP. For young rats the Tm values for conjugated BSP were higher in
      females than in males in contrast to the reported higher Tm value in males
      infused with free (unconjugated) BSP. In both sexes, Tm values progressively
      decreased with age up to 30 months. The results suggest that the previously
      reported higher Tm value for young male rats compared to young females during
      free BSP infusion is due to the lower conjugation capacity in females, and that
      the biliary transport process per se is more efficient in females at least for
      organic anions like conjugated BSP. Furthermore, the results support the
      previously proposed hypothesis that the biliary transport mechanism per se is
      steadily affected by aging in rats of both sexes.

PMID- 3365057
TI  - The measurement of residual urine in the evaluation of incontinent nursing home
      residents.
AB  - Seventy-six nursing home residents with urinary incontinence (59 females, 17
      males, Mean age = 84 years) underwent an evaluation which included the
      measurement of residual urine and cystometric studies. Upon catheterization 18
      subjects were found to have urine volumes greater than 100 ml. Only two subjects
      had urine volumes greater than 250 ml. Cystometry revealed detrusor instability
      in the majority (83%) of the 76 subjects. Although the measurement of the post
      voiding residual urine is a simple method to assess for ineffective bladder
      emptying, at volumes less than 250 ml, it is not always possible to predict the
      type of bladder dysfunction without additional studies. There can be problems in
      obtaining an accurate measurement of the post-voiding residual urine in elderly
      institutionalized patients. Many of our subjects (36 subjects) experienced
      difficulty urinating prior to catheterization. The residual urine measurement
      should not be solely relied upon in the prediction of bladder dysfunction in the
      elderly. This measurement should be combined with other data to effectively
      investigate the etiology of urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3365058
TI  - Motor response secondary to the release of endogenous serotonin by tryptamine in
      guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle with adherent myenteric plexus.
AB  - The mechanism of the contractile action of tryptamine on the longitudinal smooth
      muscle with adherent myenteric plexus in the guinea-pig ileum was reexamined in
      view of new evidence that tryptamine releases the enteric neural serotonin (5-HT)
      and noradrenaline. The desensitization to 5-HT abolished the contractile response
      to tryptamine (5 and 10 microM). The contractile response to tryptamine (1-5
      microM) was progressively decreased by repeated application. The progressive
      decrease by tryptamine was more pronounced than that by exogenous 5-HT.
      Tetrodotoxin and atropine significantly decreased the contraction upon the 2nd
      trial of tryptamine (5 microM) by about 40% and 45% of the control, respectively.
      However, guanethidine or cocaine did not change the contraction by tryptamine (5
      microM). A 5-HT uptake inhibitor, zimelidine, which had been demonstrated to
      block the release of preloaded [3H]5-HT by tryptamine (Takaki et al., 1985),
      intensively reduced the contractile response to tryptamine to the same extent as
      atropine. These results are consistent with the previous finding that tryptamine
      releases the physiologically active 5-HT from myenteric neurons (Takaki et al.,
      1985). The 5-HT released by tryptamine, at least in part, acts on myenteric
      cholinergic neurons, resulting in the muscular contraction.

PMID- 3365059
TI  - Vasoconstrictor activity of vasopressin in the pithed rat.
AB  - Vasopressin caused a potent vasoconstrictor effect in pithed rat preparations,
      without significantly altering heart rate. The vasopressor/constrictor response
      to vasopressin was not influenced by bilateral adrenalectomy, reserpine
      pretreatment or the prior administration of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists
      prazosin and yohimbine. The minor impairments of vasopressin-induced
      vasoconstriction by bilateral nephrectomy, captopril and the calcium entry
      blockers verapamil and nifedipine could all be attributed to the vasodilator
      potency of these various pretreatments. In conclusion, the potent vasoconstrictor
      response to vasopressin in the pithed rat occurs independently of the peripheral
      sympathetic nervous system and its associated adrenoceptors and of the renin
      angiotensin-aldosterone systems. Moreover, vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction
      does not require the influx of extracellular calcium ions and is hence
      insensitive to calcium entry blockade. These findings for vasopressin reveal an
      important difference with respect to alpha 1/alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and
      angiotensin II, which are known to cause vasoconstriction largely dependent upon
      the influx of extracellular calcium ions.

PMID- 3365060
TI  - Antihypertensive activity of cadralazine in experimental hypertensive rats.
AB  - Antihypertensive and tachycardic activities of cadralazine were examined in
      experimental hypertensive rats (spontaneous, renal and deoxycorticosterone
      acetate-salt hypertension) after single or repeated oral administration, and
      compared with those of hydralazine. In single oral administration, cadralazine
      (0.3-5 mg/kg) produced a dose-related hypotensive effect and its maximum activity
      was equipotent to or more potent than that of hydralazine (1-5 mg/kg) in these
      hypertensive rats. The hypotensive effect of cadralazine appeared gradually and
      reached a maximum at 5-7 hr, while the maximum effect of hydralazine was observed
      at 1 hr after dosing. In SHR, the significant hypotensive effect of cadralazine
      persisted for 9-24 hr, but that of hydralazine lasted for only 1-12 hr.
      Therefore, there were marked differences in onset and duration of the hypotensive
      effect between cadralazine and hydralazine. Both drugs produced a dose-related
      tachycardic effect concomitant with the hypotensive effect. The separation ratios
      of cadralazine on these effects were equivalent to those of hydralazine. In
      repeated oral administration for 7 days, cadralazine (3 mg/kg/once a day)
      significantly reduced the daily starting blood pressure. The same response was
      obtained by 3 times daily repeated administration of hydralazine (3 mg/kg).
      Tolerance to the hypotensive and tachycardic effects was not observed during
      successive dosings of cadralazine or hydralazine. The potent and long lasting
      hypotensive effect of cadralazine might be useful for the treatment of arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 3365061
TI  - Differential blockade of potassium and carbachol contractures of toad isolated
      rectus abdominis muscle by calcium entry blockers, ketamine and hydrallazine.
AB  - Contractures of the rectus abdominis muscle of Buffo regularis evoked by
      carbachol were inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion by verapamil,
      nifedipine, hydrallazine and ketamine, whereas KCI-induced contractures were
      relatively resistant to blockade by these compounds. The order of potency in
      blocking carbachol-induced responses was: verapamil greater than nifedipine
      greater than hydrallazine greater than ketamine, verapamil being over 10 times
      more potent than nifedipine. In high K+-depolarized muscles, carbachol elicited
      contractural responses which were inhibited by verapamil, nifedipine,
      hydrallazine and ketamine; these compounds exhibited similar blocking potencies
      against carbachol responses in high K+-depolarized muscles as in the polarized
      muscles. In Ca2+-free EGTA-Ringer's solution, both KCl and carbachol contractures
      were abolished, but were restored on readmission of Ca2+. d-Tubocurarine
      competitively antagonized carbachol, but not KCl contractures. It is suggested
      that (i) extracellular Ca2+-influx occurs during contractures of the toad rectus
      abdominis muscle induced by carbachol and KCl; (ii) there probably exists more
      than one pathway for Ca2+-entry into this muscle--one pathway is stimulated by
      high K+-depolarization, and another which is linked to the activation of
      nicotinic cholinoceptors. Verapamil, nifedipine, hydrallazine and ketamine appear
      to preferentially inhibit Ca2+-influx stimulated via a pathway linked to
      nicotinic cholinoceptors.

PMID- 3365062
TI  - Intracerebroventricular histamine, but not 48/80, causes posttraining memory
      facilitation in the rat.
AB  - The immediate posttraining intracerebroventricular injection of histamine (1 or
      10 ng/rat) facilitated memory both of a stepdown inhibitory avoidance task, and
      of the habituation of rearing responses to an open field. As previously shown for
      the avoidance task, the combination of cimetidine (1,000 ng/rat) plus prometazine
      (1,000 ng/rat), but not each drug on its own, blocked the effect of histamine in
      the habituation task. The effect of histamine was not shared by the
      intracerebroventricular administration of the mast cell histamine releaser, 48/80
      (0.1 to 100 micrograms/rat). The present findings indicate that the memory
      facilitatory action of histamine might be general across tasks, and that 48/80
      releasable, presumably mast cell, endogenous histamine is probably not involved
      in memory regulation.

PMID- 3365063
TI  - Effects of oxiracetam-scopolamine combinations on shuttle-box avoidance
      acquisition in mice.
AB  - The nootropic drug oxiracetam and the anticholinergic agent scopolamine were
      tested, alone or in combination, on shuttle-box avoidance acquisition and
      locomotor activity in mice of the CD-1 strain. Both drugs, given separately,
      slightly but significantly enhanced avoidance performance, but only scopolamine
      increased locomotor activity. Combinations of the 2 drugs, in some instances,
      enhanced avoidance performance more than drugs given separately, but the
      disinhibitory property of scopolamine makes it difficult to understand the role
      played by cholinergic mechanisms in these effects.

PMID- 3365065
TI  - A model for studying saliva secretion in the conscious dog.
AB  - Parotid saliva secretion was studied in conscious dogs in which a chronic fistula
      of the parotid duct was provoked by a simple surgical procedure. To validate the
      technique employed, the responsiveness of the gland to various stimuli was
      examined. The volume of secretion was measured as well as the concentrations of
      Na+, K+ and calcium. Secretion was elicited by administering bethanechol i.v. or
      by feeding a meat meal. These stimuli, applied repetitively in the same animal,
      evoked reproducible secretory responses. In addition, the dose-response curve to
      bethanechol could also be constructed. The parotid secretion is controlled by
      muscarinic receptor activation, as illustrated by atropine blockade and its
      insensitivity to adrenergic drugs. The preparation is a versatile model which
      allows to investigate secretion evoked by both direct and reflex activation. The
      advantages of the preparation, which avoids invasive techniques, are accurate
      measurements and reproducible responses over long periods in a conscious animal.

PMID- 3365064
TI  - Low dose naloxone enhances buprenorphine in a tooth pulp antinociceptive assay.
AB  - Low dose naloxone was reported to produce analgesia of long duration in patients
      who received buprenorphine. A rabbit tooth pulp antinociceptive model was
      utilized to evaluate a possible interaction of buprenorphine and naloxone.
      Naloxone (0.001 mg/kg i.v.) 210 min after buprenorphine (0.10 mg/kg i.v.)
      significantly increased the % MPE from 48 +/- 5% to 78 +/- 6%. This increased
      activity occurred within 90 min after naloxone injection and had a duration of 2
      hr. Naloxone, 0.1 mg/kg, or saline 0.1 ml/kg did not increase nor reduce the
      buprenorphine antinociceptive effect. Naloxone alone (0.001 mg/kg) produced a
      peak antinociceptive effect of 43 +/- 14% MPE which was significantly greater
      than that of the saline control group. Using a graded dose response paradigm in
      the rabbit tooth pulp model, the graded dose response curve of buprenorphine was
      significantly shifted upwards after preadministration of 0.001 mg/kg naloxone.
      The slopes of both the ascending and descending limbs of the biphasic
      buprenorphine dose response curves were not significantly different. The peak %
      MPE achieved by buprenorphine in the presence of 0.001 mg/kg naloxone (62 +/- 8%)
      was significantly greater than the buprenorphine-saline control (23 +/- 4%). It
      appears that a low dose of naloxone produces antinociception which enhances that
      of buprenorphine.

PMID- 3365066
TI  - Preliminary profiles of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha synthetase catalyzing
      conversion of 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha to 13,14
      dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha in rat ovary.
AB  - In the rat ovary 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (13,14H2-PGF2 alpha)
      synthetase required NADPH much more than NADH as a co-factor. 13,14H2-PGF2 alpha
      synthetase activity was NADPH concentration-dependent and was significantly
      inhibited by NADP, in the presence of NADPH, by indomethacin and by oxidized
      glutathione.

PMID- 3365069
TI  - Physicians and a smoke-free society.

PMID- 3365067
TI  - Mechanism of renal effects of intracerebroventricular histamine in rabbits.
AB  - Histamine, when given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), has been reported to
      produce antidiuresis in the rabbit. In this study it was attempted to elucidate
      the mechanism involved in the effect. Histamine (H), 100 micrograms/kg i.c.v.,
      produced antidiuresis with decreases in renal plasma flow and glomerular
      filtration rate in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. With larger doses, a tendency
      towards increased electrolyte excretion was noted in spite of decreased
      filtration. In the denervated kidney, marked diuresis and natriuresis were
      observed following i.c.v. H, whereas the contralateral innervated kidney
      responded with typical antidiuresis. Reserpinized rabbits also responded with
      marked natriuresis to i.c.v. H. Diphenhydramine (D), 250 micrograms/kg i.c.v.,
      increased urine flow rate, sodium and potassium excretion, along with increase in
      renal perfusion. With 750 micrograms/kg i.c.v., marked natriuresis was observed
      in spite of decreased filtration. When H was given after D (250 micrograms/kg)
      the antidiuresis was completely abolished, and diuresis became more prominent.
      Cimetidine, 250 micrograms/kg i.c.v., elicited antidiuresis with decreases in
      renal hemodynamics, the pretreatment with cimetidine did not influence the
      antidiuresis by H and no natriuresis was noted. The present study suggests that
      histamine, given i.c.v., influences renal function in dual ways, i.e.,
      antidiuresis by increasing the sympathetic tone to the kidney and diuresis due to
      some humoral natriuretic factor, the latter becoming apparent only when the
      former influence has been removed, and further suggests that H1-receptors might
      be involved in the nerve-mediated antidiuresis, whereas H2-receptors might
      mediate the humorally induced natriuresis and diuresis.

PMID- 3365068
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, NB-818 (NPK-1886) in
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - The effects of NB-818, isopropyl methyl 2-carbamoyloxy-methyl-6-methyl-4-(2,3
      dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihyd rop yridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, on the cardiovascular
      system were investigated in comparison with those of nicardipine and nimodipine,
      using anesthetized dogs. 1) NB-818 1-20 micrograms/kg intravenously (i.v.),
      nicardipine 0.3-10 micrograms/kg i.v. and nimodipine 0.3-10 micrograms/kg i.v.
      decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR)
      and renal blood flow (RBF) and increased cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume
      (SV), but did not affect heart rate (HR) and PQ-interval. 2) NB-818 1-20
      micrograms/kg i.v. increased vertebral blood flow (VBF) dose-dependently, with a
      moderate decrease of MBP and little or no change in HR or femoral blood flow
      (FBF). Both nicardipine 0.3-10 micrograms/kg i.v. and nimodipine 0.3-10
      micrograms/kg i.v. not only increased VBF in a dose-dependent manner, but also
      markedly decreased MBP and tended to increase FBF. The increase in VBF with NB
      818 was a little less than that with nicardipine and nimodipine, but its effect
      was significantly slower in onset and of longer duration as compared to
      nicardipine and nimodipine. 3) The ratio of decrease of vertebral vascular
      resistance (VR) to decrease of TPR was significantly larger with NB-818 and
      nimodipine than with nicardipine. 4) NB-818, nicardipine and nimodipine in a
      range of 0.3-10 micrograms intraarterially (i.a.) increased VBF, and the effect
      of NB-818 was longer lasting than that of nicardipine and nimodipine. 5) NB-818
      0.003-0.1 mg/kg intraduodenally (i.d.) also caused a longer lasting increase in
      VBF with a slower onset that was accompanied by moderate hypotension and was dose
      dependent. The duration of action was significantly longer than that of
      nimodipine 0.1-0.3 mg/kg i.d. Thus, NB-818 predominantly increases VBF with
      concomitant moderate hypotension, and its action is of significantly slower onset
      and longer duration than that of nicardipine and nimodipine.

PMID- 3365070
TI  - Give diet a chance in lowering cholesterol levels.

PMID- 3365071
TI  - Sickle-cell trait and physical training. Evidence for improved fitness.

PMID- 3365072
TI  - Type B gastritis, aging, and Campylobacter pylori.

PMID- 3365073
TI  - The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and
      Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
AB  - The National High Blood Pressure Education Program has released three Joint
      National Committee reports and a task force report on the detection, evaluation,
      and treatment of high blood pressure. Like its predecessors, the 1988 Joint
      National Committee report was developed using the consensus process; it is based
      on the latest scientific research and reflects the state of the art regarding
      hypertension management. This report updates findings of previous reports in
      several respects: it broadens the step-care approach to provide more flexibility
      for clinicians; encourages greater patient involvement in the treatment program;
      emphasizes a consideration of the quality of life in the management of patients;
      and addresses the cost of care. It also provides more emphasis on control of
      other risk factors for cardiovascular disease; includes a discussion of the new
      cholesterol guidelines; recommends a reduction in alcohol consumption; and
      discusses the use of calcium and fish oil supplementation. This document expands
      earlier reports on special populations, including blacks and other racial and
      ethnic minority groups, young and elderly patients, pregnant patients, surgical
      candidates, and hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular disease, coronary
      artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure,
      peripheral vascular disease, renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      or bronchial asthma, gout, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. The report also
      updates previous drug tables to include new drugs, revised recommended doses of
      some drugs, and drug interactions. Consideration of step-down therapy after blood
      pressure has been controlled is suggested. This report is intended as a guide for
      practicing physicians and other health professionals in their care of
      hypertensive patients and as a reference for those participating in the many
      community high blood pressure control programs throughout the country.

PMID- 3365074
TI  - A residents' training program for the development of smoking intervention skills.
AB  - This article describes the results of a three-hour training program that teaches
      residents a patient-centered counseling approach to smoking cessation,
      emphasizing questioning and exploring feelings, rather than providing
      information. Fifty internal medicine and family practice residents affiliated
      with a university medical center were assessed before and after training using
      questionnaires and videotape documenting changes in their knowledge about
      smoking, attitudes concerning intervention, and intervention skills. The
      residents showed a significant increase in knowledge and perceived themselves as
      having significantly more influence on their patients who smoke after completion
      of the training program. Counseling skills improved significantly in the use of
      questions and exploring feelings as judged by blind evaluation of videotapes. The
      results of this three-hour training program suggest that physicians in training
      are responsive to the teaching of specialized skills deemed important for
      promoting health behavior changes in their patients.

PMID- 3365075
TI  - Treatment of hypercholesterolemia by a clinical nurse using a stepped-care
      protocol in a nonvolunteer population.
AB  - National trials have demonstrated that the incidence of myocardial infarction and
      coronary death can be decreased, and progression of atherosclerosis delayed or
      reversed, by administration of bile acid-binding resins. A cholesterol clinic was
      established to determine whether a simple protocol would be effective in a
      nonvolunteer population referred by practicing cardiologists. The clinic was
      operated by a nurse who followed a stepped-care protocol, similar in concept to
      that used for treatment of hypertension. In the treatment of 86 patients with
      type II hyperlipidemia (cholesterol level, greater than 6.85 mmol/L [greater than
      265 mg/dL]; triglyceride levels, normal or mildly elevated), compliance with the
      protocol resulted in reductions in cholesterol level of 19% in patients treated
      with diet, 23% for those treated with diet plus a bile sequestrant (colestipol
      hydrochloride or cholestyramine resin), and 25% in those treated with diet plus
      other cholesterol-lowering drugs. This method of treatment was effective and may
      serve as a model for the management of large numbers of patients with this
      condition.

PMID- 3365076
TI  - Serum cholesterol and 25-year incidence of and mortality from myocardial
      infarction and cancer. The Zutphen Study.
AB  - In the Zutphen Study, cholesterol determinations were carried out in 1960 in
      serum of 829 middle-aged men. Between 1960 and 1985, detailed information was
      collected on morbidity and mortality in these men. During 25 years of follow-up,
      179 men developed myocardial infarctions and 203 developed cancer. During this
      period, 110 men died of myocardial infarction, 144 of cancer, and 410 of all
      causes. Survival analysis showed that the serum cholesterol level in 1960 was
      independently related to the 25-year incidence of myocardial infarction. This
      long-term relation was mainly due to the strong association between serum
      cholesterol level and 15-year incidence of myocardial infarction. Similar but
      less pronounced relations were found between serum cholesterol level and 15- and
      25-year mortality from myocardial infarction. Serum cholesterol level was related
      neither to long-term incidence of and mortality from cancer nor to mortality from
      all causes.

PMID- 3365077
TI  - Presumptive evidence for Blastocystis hominis as a cause of colitis.
AB  - A patient with persistent diarrhea was found to have biopsy-proved colitis with
      large numbers of the protozoan Blastocystis hominis present in stool. Extensive
      evaluation failed to reveal any other potential etiologic agent of acute colitis.
      Following treatment with a course of metronidazole, the patient became
      asymptomatic, B hominis was no longer present in stool, and results of a repeated
      biopsy were normal. These observations are consistent with the role of B hominis
      as a gastrointestinal pathogen.

PMID- 3365078
TI  - Bacteremia in patients undergoing oral procedures. Study following parenteral
      antimicrobial prophylaxis as recommended by the American Heart Association, 1977.
AB  - The type and rate of bacteremia following dental extractions, dental cleaning, or
      other dental/oral surgical procedures were studied in 124 patients with valvular
      heart disease following parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G potassium
      with or without streptomycin sulfate, or vancomycin hydrochloride) as recommended
      by the American Heart Association in 1977. Generally, under penicillin G
      prophylaxis with or without streptomycin, detection of bacteremia in blood
      culture media containing no penicillinase was low (14.7% to 16.1% at five minutes
      and 3.1% to 9.0% at 30 minutes after the procedure). The number and types of
      organisms recovered from patients who received penicillin prophylaxis alone or
      with streptomycin were similar. Anaerobes were recovered twice as frequently as
      aerobes. Polymicrobial bacteremia was rare and only one patient had streptococci
      detected in the blood culture. Addition of penicillinase to one blood culture
      medium, however, and comparing it with a similar medium without penicillinase was
      accompanied with a sixfold greater recovery from patients of both aerobic and
      anaerobic bacteria, including six patients with streptococcal bacteremia.
      Vancomycin prophylaxis was accompanied with bacteremia in only one patient.

PMID- 3365079
TI  - Vertebral arch tuberculosis in two human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive
      heroin addicts.
AB  - We studied two cases of disseminated tuberculosis with vertebral arch involvement
      in drug addicts seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. The first patient
      developed a paraplegia while he was recovering from a meningeal tuberculosis. On
      the abdominal plain roentgenogram, the right transverse process of L-2 was
      absent, and a computed tomographic scan revealed destruction of the right
      vertebral arch together with a collection in the paravertebral area. The second
      patient had miliary tuberculosis and complained of lumbar pain. The radiologic
      findings were similar to those in the first case, but at the L-4 level.

PMID- 3365081
TI  - Effect of Army basic training in sickle-cell trait.
AB  - In order to determine if sickle-cell trait (SCT) represents an inherent adverse
      effect on response to training, we objectively evaluated exercise performance in
      22 healthy, black men with SCT (hemoglobin AS) and 15 controls (hemoglobin AA)
      before and after seven weeks of army basic training at an altitude of 1270 m. An
      incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer was used. Before
      basic training, peak exercise measurements did not reveal significant differences
      between groups other than a slightly lower, albeit significant, value for oxygen
      uptake (VO2) per kilogram (42 +/- 1 vs 45 +/- 1.4 mL/min per kilogram) for the
      SCT group. Both groups experienced modest overall cardiovascular improvement
      reflected in both peak and submaximal exercise responses. No statistically
      significant difference was observed between the SCT and the control groups at the
      end of basic training for any of the measured variables at peak exercise,
      including power (258 +/- 6 vs 266 +/- 9W), VO2 (3.24 +/- .06 vs 3.36 +/- .16
      L/min), VO2 per kilogram (46 +/- 0.7 vs 46 +/- 1.2), minute ventilation (138 +/-
      4 vs 147 +/- 8 L/min), heart rate (185 +/- 2 vs 184 +/- 3 beats per minute),
      oxygen pulse (17.6 +/- .3 vs 18.4 +/- 1 mL/min per beat), as well as anaerobic
      threshold (1.81 +/- .04 vs 1.80 +/- .06 L/min), respectively. No medical problems
      directly attributed to SCT were reported; it remains uncertain, however, whether
      a seizure experienced by one of the other SCT basic trainees after a two-mile run
      was SCT related. The results of this study would, therefore, suggest that for the
      majority of individuals who possess SCT, the response to the moderate training
      regimen provided by army basic training is not impaired.

PMID- 3365082
TI  - Gastritis and Campylobacter pylori in healthy, asymptomatic volunteers.
AB  - A high prevalence of histologic gastritis in asymptomatic individuals has been
      reported in the literature. The studies have been poorly controlled for gastritis
      risk factors. We evaluated 20 healthy, asymptomatic volunteers free of known risk
      factors for gastritis with endoscopy, mucosal biopsy, culture, and gastric pH
      determination. The prevalence of gastritis on histologic examination was found to
      be 20%. There was no relationship between the presence of macroscopic findings at
      endoscopy and the presence of histologic gastritis. In all instances where
      histologic gastritis was documented, Campylobacter pylori was observed in the
      gastric mucus. Mucosal tissue invasion by C pylori was not observed. The presence
      of gastritis and C pylori was associated with fasting hypochlorhydria. Follow-up
      evaluation was performed eight to 13 months after the initial endoscopic
      evaluation in three of the volunteers with positive test results. Persistence of
      C pylori and gastritis was observed. These findings suggest that histologic
      gastritis is common in healthy, asymptomatic individuals and is strongly
      associated with the presence of C pylori.

PMID- 3365080
TI  - Familial Cushing's syndrome. Micronodular adrenocortical dysplasia.
AB  - Primary micronodular adrenocortical dysplasia is a rare cause of Cushing's
      syndrome. Recently, a familial occurrence of this disease has been recognized. We
      describe two sisters with Cushing's syndrome in a family of four children.
      Adrenal autonomy was demonstrated and pathological examination after bilateral
      adrenalectomy at the ages of 14 and 30 years, respectively, revealed micronodular
      adrenocortical dysplasia. Malformations associated with the Carney variant of
      this disease were not detected in our patients. The two affected siblings had HLA
      types A1, B8, and DR3, which are seen in many autoimmune diseases. The mother and
      brother had similar HLA types and showed incomplete dexamethasone suppression.
      However, they did not have clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. Another
      sister and her daughter had different HLA typing and had no detectable
      abnormalities of cortisol secretion.

PMID- 3365083
TI  - Round pneumonia in adults.
AB  - We recently evaluated three adult patients with rounded densities on their chest
      roentgenograms in whom the final diagnosis was presumed to be lower respiratory
      tract infection. In all cases, the circular infiltrates proved to be localized
      "round pneumonias." Round pneumonia has been well described in children but is
      less well known in adults. While uncommon, round pneumonia in adults may not be
      rare and deserves early diagnostic consideration to prevent unnecessary
      investigation.

PMID- 3365084
TI  - Nosocomial infection and fatality in medical and surgical intensive care unit
      patients.
AB  - We prospectively studied 526 patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit
      (MICU) and 799 patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) at a
      municipal hospital over a 20-month period. Rates of nosocomial infection were
      higher in the SICU patients (31% vs 24%). The SICU patients had more urinary
      tract infections, bacteremias, and wound infections, and the MICU patients were
      older, had higher acute physiology scores on admission and were more often
      admitted with shock or coma. The SICU patients were more likely to have received
      prior antibiotic therapy and had significantly higher numbers of endotracheal
      tubes, arterial lines, central venous lines, and indwelling bladder catheters. Of
      the 23 variables univariately associated with nosocomial infection, only five
      remained significant after entry into step-wise regression models. The MICU
      patients had a higher fatality rate in the MICU than did the SICU patients (18%
      vs 10%), but the relative risk of a death following nosocomial infection was 3.5
      for both groups. Thirty variables were significantly associated with hospital
      fatality; nine remained significant after analysis by stepwise logistic
      regression.

PMID- 3365085
TI  - A history of hypercholesterolemia influences cholesterol measurements.
AB  - Elevated plasma cholesterol levels identified during cholesterol screening are
      often lower when repeated because of the regression to the mean effect. We
      evaluated the effect of the presence or absence of a history of
      hypercholesterolemia on the regression to the mean phenomenon. Of 564 volunteers
      undergoing cholesterol screening, 53 subjects between the ages of 20 and 65 years
      found to have total plasma cholesterol levels above the 90th percentile for age
      and sex returned for a second determination. No dietary or behavioral changes
      occurred during the study. Individuals with a history of hypercholesterolemia
      showed no change in plasma cholesterol level between the first and second visits;
      however, a net 13.1% reduction in mean plasma cholesterol level was observed in
      the group without this history, with 59% of subjects dropping below the 90th
      percentile level. These findings demonstrate that the regression to the mean
      effect is confined to those individuals who do not report a history of
      hyperlipidemia. Subjects with this history are more likely to have their initial
      cholesterol elevation confirmed when the test is repeated.

PMID- 3365086
TI  - Who gets screened for cervical and breast cancer? Results from a new national
      survey.
AB  - To evaluate the adequacy of cervical and breast cancer screening in the United
      States, data were analyzed from a 1986 nationwide telephone survey (n = 4659).
      Papanicolaou smears within the recommended three- to five-year interval were
      reported by 79% of women aged 20 years or older. Within the preceding year, 55%
      of women aged 40 years or older had breast examinations performed by physicians,
      and 20% of women aged 50 years or older had mammograms. Women who were uninsured
      or lower in socioeconomic status were less likely to have each of these three
      preventive measures, independent of the age, health status, and frequency of
      physician visits of the respondent. In addition, women aged 50 years or older
      were less likely to have had Papanicolaou smears (63% vs 89%) and breast
      examinations (52% vs 68%) than those women aged 20 to 49 years. These findings
      suggest that women who are older, uninsured, or lower in socioeconomic status are
      at an increased risk for not receiving preventive care, and that screening
      mammography, although more common than a decade ago, is still markedly underused.

PMID- 3365087
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma in an elderly man with Wegener's granulomatosis treated with
      cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.
AB  - The association of Kaposi's sarcoma with malignant lymphoreticular diseases and
      immunosuppressive therapy is well documented. This report describes an elderly
      man who presented with fulminant Wegener's granulomatosis that responded to
      treatment with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. Rapidly progressing
      cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma developed ten weeks after the start of
      immunosuppressive therapy yet regressed on discontinuation of the corticosteroid
      therapy, despite continuation of cyclophosphamide therapy. To our knowledge, this
      is the first reported case of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in association with
      Wegener's granulomatosis. The literature on Kaposi's sarcoma in immunosuppressed
      patients is reviewed.

PMID- 3365088
TI  - Rattlesnake capsule-associated Salmonella arizona infections.
AB  - Three Hispanic patients at our institution developed extragastrointestinal
      Salmonella arizona infection associated with the ingestion of rattlesnake
      capsules. All patients had underlying chronic medical illnesses, including the
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and congestive
      heart failure. Rattlesnake capsules were obtained from both local pharmacies and
      patients. Salmonella arizona, as well as various other enteric organisms, was
      grown on cultures obtained from all capsules tested. Review of the literature
      disclosed three additional cases of extragastrointestinal S arizona infection
      linked to rattlesnake capsule ingestion, all associated with underlying medical
      illness. We postulate that rattlesnake capsules may be frequently ingested by
      chronically ill Hispanic individuals and serve as a vehicle for serious S arizona
      infection.

PMID- 3365089
TI  - Carotid sinus syndrome associated with an occult primary nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma.
AB  - A patient presented with syncope, and a diagnosis of carotid sinus syndrome was
      established. Further evaluation revealed a large nasopharyngeal carcinoma
      invading the left petrous bone. There were no cervical metastases. The tumor
      partially regressed with radiation therapy, and there was complete resolution of
      the carotid sinus syndrome, but the patient died three months later of metastatic
      disease. Autopsy confirmed petrous bone involvement by the mass but no cervical
      metastatic disease. This is the first reported case (to our knowledge) of
      malignancy-associated carotid sinus syndrome attributable to a primary
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The literature on malignancy-associated carotid sinus
      syndrome is reviewed, with emphasis on pathophysiology and treatment.

PMID- 3365090
TI  - Is Leishmania infantum an opportunistic parasite in patients with anti-human
      immunodeficiency virus antibodies?

PMID- 3365091
TI  - Rifampicin and nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 3365092
TI  - [Crime prevention in residential districts by urban planning measures].
AB  - Crime prevention cannot be achieved through police control alone, nor can it be
      achieved through interventions in the physical or social urban environment alone:
      it needs a combination of several approaches. The concept of defensible space
      proved to be too limited in scope for direct application. A proper combination of
      strategies integrates inter alia urban design, community organization and housing
      management. Urban planning, in a wider sense, can be conducive to the reduction
      of crime and fear of crime. Examples of urban planning concepts and elements
      illustrate the variety of (possibly) preventive measures. The measures should be
      embedded in an integrative criminal policy on the municipal level.

PMID- 3365093
TI  - [Determination of questionable suicide as a homicide by studies of criminal
      stains].
AB  - In a woman found dead with cuts on both arms in a domestic sauna plastered with
      blood were assumed next to a bleed to death. The question self-infliction or by a
      third party of arm injuries could not be decided. By investigation of blood
      traces only could be clarified the cause of death. The husband had strangled his
      wife and inflicted several cuts on both arms with a razor blade to simulate
      suicide. Afterwards, he also inflicted several cuts on himself with a razor blade
      with the intention of suicide. He survived these injuries.

PMID- 3365094
TI  - [Infanticide as a sequel of long-term unusual parental abuse].
AB  - Reported is an uncommon case of battered-child syndrome by parents which caused
      the child's death. A lot of signs indicating multifarious and serious injuries
      are described. The causes of violence against the child--including those on an
      ethnological background- are discussed.

PMID- 3365095
TI  - [Drug-induced unconsciousness with subsequent criminal acts].
AB  - Report on observations from the last ten years with covert administration of
      drugs (ketamine, lorazepam, temazepam) as well as other anesthetics (chloroform)
      in which the subsequent clouding of consciousness or unconsciousness was
      exploited for criminal acts. These were sexual abuse and robbery; in one case,
      the anesthesized person was the victim of a flat fire, and in the other case
      forced breathing of chloroform led to fatal intoxication. The examples show that
      without routine chemical and toxicological investigations in unclear
      circumstances of death, but also when the cause of death ist apparently certain,
      the underlying cause may easily be overlooked. Furthermore, covert administration
      of anesthetics in alcoholic drinks and subsequent robbery is still to be reckoned
      with in the appropriate milieu.

PMID- 3365096
TI  - Bacterial metabolism of side chain fluorinated aromatics: cometabolism of 3
      trifluoromethyl(TFM)-benzoate by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2 and
      Rhodococcus rubropertinctus N657.
AB  - The TOL plasmid-encoded enzymes of the methylbenzoate pathway in Pseudomonas
      putida mt-2 cometabolized 3-trifluoromethyl (TFM)-benzoate. Two products, 3-TFM
      1,2-dihydroxy-2-hydrobenzoate (3-TFM-DHB) and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7,7,7-trifluoro
      hepta-2,4-dienoate (7-TFHOD) were identified chemically and by spectroscopic
      properties. TFM-substituted analogues of the metabolites of the methylbenzoate
      pathway were generally converted at drastically reduced rates. The catechol-2,3
      dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida showed moderate turnover rates with 3-TFM
      catechol. The catechol-1,2-dioxygenase of Rhodococcus rubropertinctus N657 was
      totally inhibited by 3-TFM-catechol and did not cleave this substrate. Hammett
      type analysis showed the catechol-1,2-dioxygenase reaction to be strongly
      dependent on the electronic nature of the substituents. Electronegative
      substituents strongly inhibited catechol cleavage. The catechol-2,3-dioxygenase
      reaction, however, was only moderately sensitive to electronegative substituents.

PMID- 3365098
TI  - [Idiopathic nephrosis in children and its treatment].

PMID- 3365097
TI  - Bacterial metabolism of side chain fluorinated aromatics: cometabolism of 4
      trifluoromethyl(TFM)-benzoate by 4-isopropylbenzoate grown Pseudomonas putida JT
      strains.
AB  - Enzymes of the p-cymene pathway in Pseudomonas putida strains cometabolized the
      intermediate analogue 4-trifluoromethyl(TFM)benzoate. Three products, 4-TFM-2,3
      dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, 4-TFM-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo
      7,7,7-trifluorohepta-2,4-dienoate (7-TFHOD) were identified chemically and by
      spectroscopic properties. Certain TFM-substituted analogue metabolites of the p
      cymene pathway were transformed at drastically reduced rates. Hammett type
      analysis of ring cleavage reactions of 4-substituted 2,3-dihydroxybenzoates
      revealed the negative inductive and especially mesomeric effect of substituents
      to be rate determining. Whereas decarboxylation of 3-carboxy-7-TFHOD was not
      affected by fluorine substitution the subsequent hydrolysis of 7-TFHOD proceeded
      very slowly. The negative inductive effect of the TFM-group probably inhibited
      heterolysis of the carbon bond between C5 and C6 of 7-TFHOD.

PMID- 3365099
TI  - [Value of esogastroduodenal endoscopy with staged biopsies in children with
      Crohn's disease].
AB  - An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with multiple biopsies was performed in 19
      children suspected of Crohn disease (CD) who had also undergone X-ray
      investigations and colonoscopy with multiple biopsies. Biopsies were performed in
      pathological and/or normal mucous areas. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed
      macroscopic changes in 7 children (37%). Histologic examinations of the upper
      gastrointestinal tract were normal or showed only non specific changes in 12
      cases (63%). Histopathologic changes specific for CD were found in 7 cases (37%),
      while specific histologic changes were identified at the rectal or colic level in
      3 of these 7 cases only. Thus, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with multiple
      biopsies was most useful for the diagnosis of CD, since it was the only
      diagnostic means in 4 cases. It should be systematically performed when CD is
      suspected.

PMID- 3365100
TI  - [Sudden infant death in France during the winter of 1986].
AB  - From the statistics of the medical causes of deaths and the results of a
      retrospective survey carried out among the physicians who certified the deaths,
      an analysis of post-neonatal mortality during winter of 1986 was undertaken in
      order to know if the relative part of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) had
      increased during that winter. It appeared that the deaths attributed to SIDS can
      be distinguished from deaths of other causes for several factors (place of death,
      former status of the baby). However, the low number of post mortem examinations
      performed does not allow in all the declared cases to assess SIDS as
      internationally defined. However, it is shown that sudden mortality was not
      higher during this special winter and that immunizations were not more frequently
      related to this cause than to other causes of death.

PMID- 3365101
TI  - [Stenosis of the common bile duct on a common biliopancreatic duct].
AB  - A 16 month-old girl presented with congenital common bile duct stenosis revealed
      by vague faintness. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and surgical
      biliary opacification showed an abnormal junction of the pancreatico biliary
      ductal systems with an abnormally long common channel. These anatomic findings
      seem to be similar to those seen in congenital choledocal cysts and biliary tract
      dilatation.

PMID- 3365102
TI  - [Large patent ductus arteriosus and interventricular communication associated
      with congenital absence of the pulmonary valve].
AB  - A case of pulmonary valve agenesis with ventricular septal defect and large
      patent ductus arteriosus is reported in a neonate. Heart failure occurred at 10
      days of life; clinical examination showed continuous murmur. Echocardiography and
      angiocardiography visualized a major dilatation of the pulmonary artery. At
      cardiac catheterization there was an important left to right shunt through a
      large ductus, and pulmonary hypertension. There was also marked pulmonic
      regurgitation. Because of respiratory distress, ligation of ductus arteriosus was
      performed at 5 weeks of life. Five years later the patient is still in good
      condition. Patent ductus arterious is rarely associated with pulmonary valvular
      agenesis and ventricular septal defect. Our case is not explained by the fetal
      circulation theory described in this heart malformation.

PMID- 3365103
TI  - [Syndrome of activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Initial
      manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis].
AB  - We report a case of mononuclear phagocyte system activation observed in a 12
      month-old girl presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia,
      histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, high
      triglyceride and low fibrinogen blood levels. This syndrome was associated with
      visceral leishmaniasis. We conclude that systemic leishmaniasis is a curable
      cause of disorders characterized by an activation of the mononuclear phagocyte
      system.

PMID- 3365104
TI  - [Acute anemia caused by hemoperitoneum disclosing hemorrhagic disease of the
      newborn].
AB  - A neonate who was not given prophylactic vitamin K injection was admitted with
      acute anemia and hemoperitoneum. The evolution was favorable with medical
      treatment only. Vitamin K deficiency appears to be the main cause of this
      hemorrhagic disease. There is a controversy on this subject, as hepatic
      deficiency seems to be involved in certain cases.

PMID- 3365105
TI  - [Marshall syndrome. 2 new cases].
AB  - Two new familial cases of Marshall syndrome are reported. The main features of
      this rare syndrome are outlined. Its possible relationship with Stickler syndrome
      is discussed.

PMID- 3365106
TI  - [Iconographic rubric. Bone manifestations of oxalosis].

PMID- 3365107
TI  - [Contribution of bactericidal rate in the initial treatment of severe
      staphylococcal infections in children].
AB  - Rapid bactericidal effect is essential for therapy of severe Staphylococcus
      aureus infections in children. The in vitro activity of clinically achievable
      levels of vancomycin and its combinations with gentamicin, amikacin and rifampin
      plus amikacin was studied with the time-kill curve method at 2.5, 4, 6, 24 and 48
      hours against 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children with
      severe staphylococcal infection. Vancomycin alone exerted a bactericidal effect
      at 48 hours. However, with the combinations vancomycin plus gentamicin,
      vancomycin plus amikacin and vancomycin plus amikacin plus rifampin a
      bactericidal effect was respectively observed at 24, 6 and 4 hours. Most rapid
      killing was achieved with vancomycin plus rifampin plus amikacin. Thus this
      antibiotic combination seems the most appropriate for initial treatment of severe
      staphylococcal infections in children.

PMID- 3365108
TI  - [Hypertransaminasemia and myopathies].

PMID- 3365109
TI  - [Castleman's syndrome in children. Value of abdominal x-ray computed tomography
      in prolonged fever].

PMID- 3365110
TI  - [Congenital glaucoma. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3365111
TI  - Informed consent and provider-patient relationships in rehabilitation medicine.
AB  - The legitimacy of paternalism in health care relationships has been severely
      criticized by those in the field of medical ethics. Critics have argued that
      paternalism has no place in physician/patient encounters. Patients must always be
      treated as autonomous agents, capable of directing the course of their medical
      care. Informed consent has come to represent the mechanism through which autonomy
      can best be assured in medical relationships. If provider/patient interactions
      are viewed as a contract between consenting agents, then providers are obligated
      to obtain informed consent for all interventions they wish to undertake. This
      view, however, relies upon examples of care provided to those with acute medical
      problems. In rehabilitation, it can be argued that for some patients at some
      times during their care, a contractual model would be inappropriate. Especially
      when patients have undergone a sudden and unexpected course of severe impairment,
      it is difficult to conceptualize provider/patient relationships in the context of
      a contract. Providers are more accurately seen as acting in educational roles
      toward those in their care. If this is so, then there may be instances in which
      paternalistic behavior toward rehabilitation patients is ethically justified.
      Informed consent must be carefully examined if it is to be a useful doctrine in
      the context of rehabilitative care.

PMID- 3365112
TI  - Ethical issues in teamwork: the context of rehabilitation.
AB  - Comprehensive health care requires the collaboration of several health care
      disciplines and perspectives. Physical medicine and rehabilitation, with its
      explicit emphasis on the candidate's physical, psychosocial, and emotional well
      being, understandably has depended on a team arrangement from its very
      beginnings. In spite of its shortcomings, a team approach, guided by well
      formulated moral policies, provides ample opportunities for the rehabilitation
      candidate's best interests to be served.

PMID- 3365113
TI  - Who makes the most progress in inpatient rehabilitation? An analysis of
      functional gain.
AB  - This study describes the functional gain made by 6,194 inpatients in 22
      rehabilitation facilities in 1985 and 1986. Functional gain was measured by the
      Revised Level of Rehabilitation Scale (LORS-II). Results showed that age, length
      of stay, and functional ability at admission were all factors in patient
      progress, but not always in the way expected. Younger patients and those with a
      longer length of stay generally made more progress, but there were variations by
      impairment group. A curvilinear relationship between functional status at
      admission and functional gain was observed for several impairment groups. Head
      injury patients made the most functional gains. However, orthopedic patients made
      the most gains of all impairment groups when length of stay, age, functional
      ability at admission, and consistency of progress were considered.

PMID- 3365114
TI  - Electrophysiologic studies of the median nerve and its palmar cutaneous branches
      after nerve grafting.
AB  - Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies were performed on a patient
      with an incomplete lesion of the median nerve involving the motor fibers to the
      thenar muscles, the palmar cutaneous branches, and the sensory fibers to the
      index finger. The studies were done before, and 13 weeks, 16 weeks, and one year
      after grafting. The preoperative electrodiagnostic evaluation showed
      abnormalities involving the median motor fibers and the palmar cutaneous branch.
      Electromyography of the opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis before
      surgery showed severe active denervation. Thirteen weeks after nerve grafting,
      the median motor distal latency was prolonged and the amplitude of the evoked
      potential of the median motor and index finger digital sensory nerves were
      decreased. At 16 weeks, both the latency and amplitude showed improvement, as did
      EMG of the affected muscles. One year later, the electrophysiologic findings were
      normal except for a slightly prolonged median motor distal latency. Clinical and
      functional improvement after grafting correlated well with the electrophysiologic
      findings. We conclude that EMG and nerve conduction studies are useful tools for
      following the progression of recovery after nerve grafting.

PMID- 3365115
TI  - Co-contraction in the hemiparetic forearm: quantitative EMG evaluation.
AB  - Co-contraction of antagonist muscles is a recognized clinical phenomenon in
      patients surviving a cerebrovascular accident. Yet, discrepancies persist in the
      literature as to whether or not antagonist electromyographic activity is
      increased in hemiparesis. We have developed a technique to obtain simultaneous
      counts of motor unit activity in a wrist flexor and extensor muscle using
      monopolar needle electromyography. Stable stroke patients and age/sex matched
      control subjects were tested during maximal voluntary isometric wrist flexion and
      extension. Fewer agonist events (p less than 0.05) and more antagonist events (p
      less than 0.10) were counted in paretic than in control muscles. A co-contraction
      ratio of antagonist activity to total (agonist and antagonist) activity was much
      greater for patients than controls (p less than 0.01). We conclude that both
      agonist recruitment and antagonist inhibition are impaired in the hemiparetic
      arm.

PMID- 3365117
TI  - Peripheral nerve conduction stimulation: its effect on cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - External electromagnetic interference with cardiac pacemaker function is a
      recognized hazard of electronic instrumentation used for diagnosis or therapy.
      Although improved shielding and circuitry have made newer pacemakers less
      vulnerable to extraneous electronic artifact, their increasing use may expose
      more patients to the complications of electromagnetic interference. The effects
      of nerve conduction stimulation testing (NCST) on patients with cardiac
      pacemakers were evaluated both clinically and in the laboratory. Estimates of
      interference potentials likely to occur at a pacemaker input during NCST were
      made by making calculations from a theoretical model. For three different
      pacemakers, these estimates were compared to laboratory tests of sensitivity to
      interference. Some potential for pacemaker interference was shown to exist,
      although primarily with unipolar pacing leads. Twenty patients, five of whom were
      monitored electrocardiographically, underwent uneventful nerve conduction
      studies. Although pulse producing stimulators have the potential to affect demand
      type pacemakers, if current paths are confined within standard clinical
      parameters, untoward responses appear unlikely.

PMID- 3365116
TI  - Short-term cardiovascular adaptations to vertical head-down suspension.
AB  - Inversion devices have been advocated as means of therapy for patients with low
      back pain. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the
      cardiovascular responses to vertical head-down suspension with such a device.
      Eight men were monitored for three minutes in the upright and supine position,
      and for ten minutes in the vertical head-down position. Stroke volume (SV), heart
      rate (HR), cardiac output (QT), segmental arm blood flow (ABF), and segmental leg
      blood flow (LBF) were measured by impedance plethysmography. Moving from the
      upright to the supine positions resulted in an SV increase from 93.1 +/- 18.8 to
      138.2 +/- 28.2 ml.beat-1 (p less than 0.01). During the first minute of
      suspension a further increase in SV to a maximum of 178.6 +/- 45.0 ml.beat-1 was
      noted. By the end of the suspension period, SV had declined to 159.6 +/- 34.2
      ml.beat-1. Resumption of the upright position was associated with a reduction in
      SV to 94.3 +/- 15.8 ml.beat-1. Changes in QT across the supine and vertical head
      down positions reflected the changes in SV. The vertical head-down position was
      also associated with a gradual reduction in both ABF and LBF. These data suggest
      that the primary effect of inverted suspension was a transient increase in venous
      return, which requires an effective ventricular response. An element of caution
      should be exercised in using these devices to avoid aggravating concurrent
      pathologic conditions.

PMID- 3365118
TI  - Patient performance level during inpatient physical rehabilitation: therapist,
      nurse, and patient perspectives.
AB  - A study was undertaken to contrast the perspectives among rehabilitation nurses,
      physical therapists, and occupational therapists in their ratings of patient
      mobility and self-care capabilities. Staff members rated every patient (n = 66)
      whose stay on a physical rehabilitation inpatient unit ended within a specified
      three-month period. Considerable divergence of views was found in all six areas
      rated, with nurses rating patients at admission as significantly less independent
      than did the therapists. This difference remained in the ratings at discharge in
      four of the six areas. Additionally, those patients able to be interviewed (n =
      53) were surveyed as to the degree to which they saw progress (or deterioration)
      during their stay. Correlations between these patient ratings and change ratings
      by the staff were not statistically significant. The findings suggest the need
      for additional communication among the various disciplines, as well as between
      staff members and patients, to work toward a consensus view of the rehabilitation
      process.

PMID- 3365120
TI  - Independence and rehabilitation: a philosophic perspective.

PMID- 3365119
TI  - A multiple muscle strength testing protocol.
AB  - A quick test (QT) protocol was developed to allow for the rapid testing of
      multiple muscle groups in order to profile body strength. Maximum muscle strength
      was also obtained using a standard test (ST) protocol. The ST protocol consisted
      of three five-second trials with a one-minute rest between trials and no more
      than four muscle groups tested per day. The QT protocol allowed only a five
      second rest between trials. Thirteen subjects were evaluated using both
      protocols. Subjects were positioned either sitting or supine, depending on the
      muscle groups being evaluated. Stabilization was provided to minimize
      substitution patterns. Measurements were obtained using a load cell and a
      computerized recording system. Using the QT protocol and testing 13 muscle groups
      in one session vs five sessions with the ST protocol resulted in an average
      reduction of 4% in strength values for the QT protocol. The results suggest that
      the clinical use of the QT protocol may not significantly reduce the accuracy of
      repeated measurements even though values obtained may be slightly lower than
      those obtained using the ST protocol.

PMID- 3365121
TI  - Role of proteoglycan in the binding of low-density lipoprotein to cultured
      arterial smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The role of proteoglycans in the binding of 125I-labeled low-density lipoproteins
      (LDL) to cultured arterial smooth muscle cells was examined. About 60% of cell
      bound 125I-labeled LDL could be released by unlabeled LDL, heparin, dextran
      sulfate or proteoglycan. Binding of 125I-labeled LDL decreased by about 50% when
      incubated in the presence of exogenous arterial proteoglycans. Exposure of cell
      cultures to rho-nitrophenyl-beta-D xyloside resulted in a 40% decrease in both
      the amount of 35S-labeled proteoglycan in the cell layer and the 125I-labeled LDL
      binding, without modifying significantly the cell number and amount of cell layer
      protein. These data suggest that cell surface and/or cell matrix proteoglycans
      may influence binding of LDL to either specific receptor or non-receptor sites
      and thereby play a role in the intracellular deposition of lipid in the arterial
      wall.

PMID- 3365122
TI  - Lipids, lipoproteins and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase
      activities of rabbits during adaptation to atherogenic semi-purified diets.
AB  - Young adult, male, New Zealand white rabbits were pair-fed low fat, semi-purified
      diets containing either casein or soy-protein isolate and sucrose or dextrose for
      174 days. While casein feeding resulted in hypercholesterolemia, adaptation
      occurred beginning between 90-120 days of feeding as evidenced by a reduction in
      mean serum cholesterol concentrations. At the end of the dietary period no
      atherosclerotic lesions were seen in aortas of rabbits in any of the dietary
      groups. Serum free and esterified cholesterol concentrations averaged two-fold
      greater with casein-feeding than those of rabbits fed the soy-protein paired
      diets. Differences due to carbohydrate type were minimal. Elevations of both free
      and esterified cholesterol in the low density lipoprotein fraction (1.011 less
      than d less than 1.031 g/ml, LDL1) and of free cholesterol in the high density
      fraction (1.079 less than d less than 1.19 g/ml, HDL) were observed. The major
      cholesterol carrying lipoprotein after adaptation was LDL1 although HDL free
      cholesterol was increased in the casein groups. Hepatic free cholesterol content
      was only moderately increased while cholesteryl ester concentrations were
      elevated three-fold. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activities
      were similar among all rabbits at this time. Gall bladder wet weights, including
      contents, were significantly different in the casein fed animals. Reasons for
      these differences may include alterations in hepatic acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl
      transferase (ACAT) activities, lipoprotein production and turnover and/or the
      rate or extent of gallbladder emptying.

PMID- 3365124
TI  - Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and liver cholesterol.
AB  - Evidence is accumulating that diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids might be
      of value in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of coronary
      heart disease. This communication shows that such diets cause increased
      concentrations of liver cholesterol in rats and rabbits. It is not known whether
      this effect is harmful. Caution is warranted in extrapolating the animal data to
      man, but the possibility that monounsaturated fatty acids increase liver
      cholesterol in man should be considered.

PMID- 3365123
TI  - Influence of soy protein or casein on pre-established atherosclerosis in rabbits.
AB  - Atherosclerosis was established in rabbits by feeding 1% cholesterol and 4% corn
      oil for two months. The rabbits were placed into five groups of equal average
      cholesterol level (2876 mg/dl) one of which was autopsied. The four remaining
      groups were placed on commercial ration (CR), CR plus 4% corn oil, or
      semipurified diets containing 14% coconut oil and 25% soy protein or casein.
      After two months, serum cholesterol levels in CR, CR plus corn oil, soy and
      casein groups had fallen by 91, 80, 81, and 64%, respectively. Aortic
      sudanophilia (%) in these four groups had increased by 106, 213, 238, and 25%,
      respectively. The findings confirm earlier observations that rabbit
      atherosclerosis does not regress when the atherogenic stimulus is removed.

PMID- 3365125
TI  - [Ultrastructure and morphometric characteristics of synapses of the cerebral
      cortex in patients with tumors located in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system].
AB  - By means of the electron microscopy method using biopsies structure of the
      cerebral cortex synapses has been investigated in 4 patients with benign tumors,
      that immediately influence the hypothalamus. The ultrastructure is described and
      the data on quantitative correlation of unchanged interneuronal contacts and
      synapses with various manifestation of the structural disturbances are presented.
      The unchanged synapses make 72%, with an increased amount of the synaptic
      vesicles-16%, with agglutination of the synaptic vesicles-2%, with destruction of
      the presynaptic element after the dark type-4%, with other structural changes-6%.
      Results of the morphometric analysis demonstrate a decreasing functional activity
      of the interneuronal contacts with some pathological signs.

PMID- 3365126
TI  - [Development of the cerebellar glomeruli in the ontogeny of hens].
AB  - By means of light and electron microscopy development of the cerebellar glomeruli
      has been studied in the hen ontogenesis. Two successive stages have been
      revealed: protoglomerular (the 16th-18th days of incubation) and glomerular (the
      19th day of incubation--the end of the 3d week after hatching). Specific
      peculiarities of their structural organization are presented. A suggestion is
      made on an inductive effect of the afferent mossy fibers on processes of
      morphological formation of the cerebellar glomeruli.

PMID- 3365127
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of nerves of the vascular plexuses in the lateral
      cerebral ventricles of human fetuses].
AB  - The vascular plexus of the lateral ventricle of the human brain includes the
      microcirculatory bed responsible for the blood supply and liquor production of
      the organ. Blood capillaries form a thick parviansiform network of the plexus.
      Innervation of the vascular plexus of the cerebral lateral ventricle in human
      embryos and fetuses develops synchronously with formation of the plexus itself.
      The structural complexity of the nervous apparatus increases at the expense of
      increasing number of nervous fasciculi and single nervous fibers. By the time of
      birth the nervous apparatus of the plexus acquires a definitive character. After
      birth further improvement of the nervous apparatus takes place. The role of the
      microcirculatory bed and of the nervous apparatus of the vascular plexus in
      ensuring functional loadings and their participation in reactions to certain
      pathological effects is substantiated.

PMID- 3365128
TI  - [Development of the microcirculatory bed of the human tongue in the prenatal
      period].
AB  - Morphofunctional regularities of formation and development of the blood
      microcirculatory bed in the human tongue have been studied in the prenatal period
      of morphogenesis. 119 human embryos and fetuses at the age of 5 weeks--9 months
      have been investigated. A complex of methods have been used: common histological
      (hematoxylin--eosin, after van Gieson and Mallory), injection of the lingual
      vessels with 20% suspension of Indian ink--gelatin, transmissive electron
      microscopy. General regularities of organogenesis, stages of the blood
      microcirculatory bed development and peculiarities of the process on formation of
      the primary protocapillary lingual blood bed are revealed. Regularities in
      structure of the terminal vascular constructions are studied for each structural
      element of the organ--mucosal membrane, muscles, glands, lingual tonsil. For
      these elements at the ultrastructural level certain features of the organic
      specificity in the structure of the blood microcirculatory bed links are
      determined.

PMID- 3365130
TI  - [Formation of intercellular contacts in myogenesis].
AB  - In myogenesis in vivo and in the muscle tissue culture certain intercellular
      junctions have been revealed; they differ in their ultrastructure and functions.
      For the stage of interaction between a myoblast with another myoblast contacts of
      adhesive type are distinctive: desmosomes and fasciae adherentes. They are
      necessary for adhesion of the cells with each other. Besides, gap and punctate
      contacts occur, serving for exchange of metabolites and electrical conjugation.
      At more advanced stages of fusion, when the myoblast gets into contact with the
      early muscle tubule, a bridge contact is observed, resembling the septal one,
      which is able to transform into a pentalayered (tight) junction. The latter type
      evidently participates in fusion of the membranes of the interacting cells.

PMID- 3365129
TI  - [Morphocytochemical reaction of the lymph nodes in dogs to the administration of
      lysozyme].
AB  - By means of morphological, morphometrical and histochemical methods pelvic and
      tracheobronchial lymph nodes have been studied in dogs and concentration of
      lysozyme has been estimated in blood serum, in lymph and the lymph nodes after a
      single intramuscular injection of lysozyme (2 mg/kg of body mass). In the
      material investigated total concentration of lysozyme reaches its maximal values
      in 6 h after injection, then it gradually decreases and in 48 h reaches its
      control level. Morphometrically changes in cell composition are revealed
      predominantly of immune-competent cells in T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph
      nodes. Thus, the volumetric part of lymphoblasts in the germinative centers of
      the lymphoid nodules reaches its maximal indices by 48 h after lysozyme
      injection, while plasmatization of the paracortical zone and of medullary cords
      increases up to the 7th day. By the 14th day the volumetric part of lymphoblasts,
      immunoblasts and plasmocytes decreases gradually, and in 21 days after injection
      of the drug contents of the blast forms of the cells in the structural-functional
      zones of the lymph nodes does not differ from that in the control. The data
      obtained demonstrate the immunomorphological rearrangement of the lymph nodes in
      response to the exogenic lysozyme administration.

PMID- 3365131
TI  - [Proliferation and differentiation of isolated cells and symplasts of the
      skeletal muscle tissue of chick embryos].
AB  - By means of the radioautography, morphometry and alkaline dissociation methods
      musculus tibialis anterior has been studied in 30 chick embryos and chickens. The
      muscle fibers are variable in their diameter and length, number of nuclei 3H
      thymidine-labelled including. The greatest variability of the structures is noted
      in 11-14-day-old embryos. Three classes of myotubes (MT) and symplasts are
      described. The primary MT are evidently the source of cellular elements, that
      form new cellular-symplastic structures (muscular-proliferative units) that
      develop, for some time, in a close connection with the primary MT. Between the
      extreme morphological variants of structure of the muscular elements, there is a
      transitional form. All the forms of the myosymplasts and MT reflect various
      stages of differentiation of the myogenic elements; this results in formation of
      the cellular-symplastic system--muscle fiber.

PMID- 3365132
TI  - [Educational, scientific and industrial societies organized on the basis of
      pathologic anatomy chairs and their role in solving tasks of higher medical
      education].

PMID- 3365133
TI  - [Means of improving and increasing the effectiveness of the activity of
      pathological anatomy services].
AB  - A long-term joint experience gained by the Chair of Pathologic Anatomy of the
      Grodno Medical Institute and the Regional Pathologic Service is suggestive of an
      essential role of undergraduate training in pathology for practical activities of
      the staff to be. The author holds that it would be appropriate to introduce the
      status of clinical prosectoria. Much benefit can be derived from broad discussion
      of statistically treated histological data with a detailed analysis of the
      pathologist's errors and defects in section processing.

PMID- 3365134
TI  - [Morphological characteristics of carcinoid angio- and cardiopathies].
AB  - Cardiovascular affections due to carcinoids can be divided into two groups:
      related to impaired vascular tonicity, and resultant from proliferative
      structural response of the heart and vascular walls. The former changes can be
      evident from arteriolar spasms and microcirculatory ectasia in the tumor,
      adjacent and distal tissues (myocardium, kidneys, skin). Proliferation, typical
      for EC-cell tumors, involved active multiplication of smooth muscle cells as well
      as of subendothelial and perithelial myofibroblasts with formation of specific
      mixed connective tissue responsible for vascular stenosis and giving rise to
      valvular disease.

PMID- 3365135
TI  - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: pathologoanatomical study of three cases with a
      review of the literature and differential diagnosis].
AB  - Evidence obtained at pathological investigation concerns 3 cases of lymphomatoid
      granulomatosis. The disease pertains to lymphoproliferative affections and is of
      rare occurrence. In addition to common involvement of the lungs, liver, kidneys,
      spleen, adrenals, etc., there was an advanced lymph node and brain lesion with
      abundant atypical cells in the infiltrate in the first and third case,
      respectively. The diagnosis rested on autopsy findings in 1 case and was
      intravital, established upon morphological examination of intraoperative
      specimens in 2 cases. Samples obtained at bronchoscopy are not fit for
      verification of the diagnosis in view of profound necrotic and necrobiotic
      processes in lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

PMID- 3365136
TI  - [Unusual (epithelioid) leiomyoblastoma of the stomach].
AB  - The authors present clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric
      leiomyoblastoma (25 cases) nominated by Soviet investigators as a myoid or
      angioleiomyomatous variant of a glomus tumor. The tumor was composed of
      leiomyomatous sites, clusters of epithelioid cells with apparently empty
      cytoplasm and frequently odd nuclei. Morphological criteria are suggested
      referring leiomyoblastoma to mature, infiltrative and malignant. Electron
      microscopic examination in 8 cases provided evidence for myogenic origin of the
      neoplasm. Smooth muscle differentiation is shown to resolve with growing of cell
      proliferation and relevant atypia.

PMID- 3365137
TI  - [Morphometric and electron microscopic characterization of immunocompetent cells
      in dysplasia and early cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Histologic, electron-microscopic and morphologic methods were employed to study
      the cells of the infiltrate and lymphocytes in dysplasia and early cancer of the
      stomach. Less numerous plasma cells and more numerous lymphocytes and macrophages
      were observed in the infiltrate in severe dysplasia and cancer than in mild and
      moderate dysplasia, no dysplasia. With growing severity of the dysplasia,
      cooperative activity of immunocompetent cells is on the increase, the proportion
      of intermediate and large lymphocytes appeared elevated. Adenocarcinoma versus
      severe dysplasia demonstrated reduced lymphocytic magnitude with predominance of
      small lymphocytes. Contrary to dysplasia, there was a macrophage cytotoxic effect
      observed also for large granular lymphocytes in all histologic variants of
      cancer, in line with stromal presentation of myofibroblasts. This can provide
      additional criteria by ultrastructure in differential diagnosis between severe
      dysplasia and initial cancer.

PMID- 3365139
TI  - [Chemotaxis of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with diffuse purulent
      peritonitis].
AB  - Leukocytic chemotaxis was evaluated in 43 patients with diffuse purulent
      peritonitis. It was found out that time course changes in chemotactic activity of
      leukocytes have a phasic pattern: it was reduced in an early postoperative
      period, there is a tendency to enhancement of cellular spontaneous and target
      migration 3-6 days after operation and onwards, maximal response to chemotactic
      stimulus on day 7-14 after operative intervention. Postoperative serum factors
      show a diverse influence on leukocytic chemotaxis. Correlation observed between
      chemotaxic activity and postoperative developments allows the author to propose
      an assessment of leukocytic chemotaxis in patients with diffuse purulent
      peritonitis on follow-up to diagnose early complications and to control
      immunocorrective therapy administered.

PMID- 3365138
TI  - [Electron microscopic analysis of apoptosis of rectal cancer cells before and
      after irradiation].
AB  - Two kinds of tumor cell death--necrosis and apoptosis--were compared upon
      electron-microscopic study of rectal cancer cells apoptosis before and after the
      tumor irradiation. Apoptosis in nonirradiated tumor occurs more commonly along
      its periphery, advanced tumor stages being characterized by apoptosis
      presentation with phagocytized apoptotic bodies. Upon irradiation the number of
      apoptotic cells in the tumor tends to increase whereas morphologic pattern of
      apoptosis remains unchanged.

PMID- 3365141
TI  - [Primary malignant mesenchymoma of the lung].
AB  - A case of a primary malignant mesenchymoma of the lung with elements of rhabdomyo
      , leiomyo-, osteo-, fibro- and lipo-sarcoma is described. The tumor developed in
      a man of 58 with a long history of smoking, complaints of chest pains and cough
      with scanty sputum expectoration. The neoplastic process involved the upper lobe
      of the left lung and microscopically contained smooth muscle, endothelial,
      fibroblast-like cells, multinuclear giant cells resembling osteoclasts, strips of
      osteoid-like hyalinized connective tissue. Electron-microscopic examination
      revealed myoid-type cells with clusters of myofilaments and Z-type material,
      cells resembling fibroblasts, osteoclasts and lipocytes. It is suggested that
      there should be a common histogenesis of primary lung sarcomas arising from a
      stem cell precursor of mesenchymal origin in lung stroma, bronchial and vascular
      walls, pleura.

PMID- 3365140
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and sudden cardiac death].
AB  - Prevalence and severity of arterial hypertension in 345 sudden cardiac death
      (SCD) cases have been assessed basing on post-mortem morphologic examination of
      the kidneys involving special staining and quantitation of renal arteriolar
      lesion. Incidence rate for arterial hypertension was determined both for the
      whole group of cases and subgroups recognized by a variant of myocardial damage,
      i.e. alcoholic cardiomyopathy, recent myocardial infarction, thrombosis,
      microfocal or postinfarction cardiosclerosis. SCD was found to be closely
      associated with arterial hypertension, evidenced by common parenchymal affections
      similar to chronic pyelonephritis, or rare diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The
      occurrence and severity of arterial hypertension varied for different subgroups,
      being a more frequent finding in microfocal versus postinfarction cardiosclerosis
      and thrombosis (52.6, 31.6 and 28.2%, respectively), and minimal in alcoholic
      cardiomyopathy. Comparison of arterial hypertension severity and chronic
      pyelonephritis incidence for the two most numerous groups demonstrated the
      gravest condition in postinfarction cardiosclerosis than in microfocal one. The
      potential role of arterial hypertension in the mechanism of cardiac sudden death
      is discussed.

PMID- 3365142
TI  - [Diagnosis of malignant blue nevus].
AB  - A case of malignant melanoma of the femur is described. The tumor has arisen in
      the presence of proliferating blue nervus. Differential diagnosis appeared
      complicated due to a high degree of cell differentiation in apparent anaplasia of
      the tumor tissue. Malignant nature of the process was evident from a rapid
      proliferation of the long-standing pigmented new growth, its large size, necrosis
      and mitoses presentation.

PMID- 3365143
TI  - [A new method of postmortem macroscopic diagnosis of the ischemic stage of
      myocardial infarction].
AB  - In sudden death of ventricular fibrillation occurring in coronary patients a new
      method of postmortem thermographic macroscopic diagnosis of ischemic stage
      myocardial infarction was found helpful in identifying areas of myocardial
      ischemia topographically close to stenosing atherosclerosis and considered due to
      thrombosis of the major and intramural branches of coronary arteries.
      Radionuclide and histochemical investigations confirmed relevant thermographic
      findings.

PMID- 3365144
TI  - The concept of a Clinical Review Secretariat--evolution of a clinical review
      programme at Dandenong and District Hospital.
AB  - In 1986 a Clinical Review Secretariat was established at Dandenong and District
      Hospital. It comprises a Director, co-ordinator and secretary, all on a part-time
      basis. The main role of the secretariat in the evaluation of patient care is that
      of a facilitator with the provision of organisational and computer skills with
      secretarial back-up and co-ordination of clinical review activities. The clinical
      review programme is continually evolving, however, almost two years after its
      inception it is felt that much has been achieved.

PMID- 3365145
TI  - Experiences of the Ryde Hospital Day Only Unit in 1986 and 1987.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To monitor and summarise activity of a Day Only Unit as a guide to
      management. METHOD: Attitude survey (patient questionnaire) of adults admitted to
      the Day Only Unit over a six week period, a telephone survey and an ongoing
      monthly record review of length of stay and complications. RESULTS: The level of
      "day only" activity is increasing and procedures affecting the quality of care of
      these patients are being improved. Patients not receiving pre-medications had
      fewer post-operative symptoms. The most frequent patient complaint related to the
      coldness of the ward.

PMID- 3365146
TI  - A test of incident reporting.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of incident reports completely by staff in a
      long term care facility and to test the adequacy of reporting for
      comprehensiveness by comparing incident rates to those of a similar facility
      using Spearman's rank correlation. METHOD: 1. Literature review. 2. Comparison of
      two long term care facilities in terms of incident reporting requirements,
      instructions to staff and categorisation of incidents. 3. Tabulation of rate of
      incidents over a specific time period. 4. Testing of comparability of the
      findings using the Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS: The review of incident
      reports at one facility revealed an error rate of approximately 1% when 403
      reports were examined for accuracy and completeness using 15 explicit
      requirements. The categorisation of incident reports by type proved adequate. The
      Spearman's rank computation confirmed that the rate of incident reporting between
      the two facilities was very similar.

PMID- 3365147
TI  - Quality assurance: issues for the future.

PMID- 3365149
TI  - Health delivery in Australia. The law of the zoo and the jungle.

PMID- 3365148
TI  - A document-based review of treatment in outpatient services.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine criteria for Accident and Emergency outpatient
      documentation, to review current practice and to overcome identified
      deficiencies. METHOD: Retrospective criteria audit of 160 records from a random
      sample of outpatient attendances over one week at four hospitals. The
      distribution to medical and nursing representatives of questionnaires accompanied
      by the audit results. RESULTS: The overall standard of outpatient documentation
      was high. Problem areas included the recording of cause of injury, significant
      laboratory and radiological findings, discharge instructions and time of
      disposal. Forms design was criticised by some users. Overall, however, non
      compliance was seen to be less of a problem than lack of awareness by staff of
      what is important to document in an outpatient setting.

PMID- 3365150
TI  - Pap smears and paranoia.

PMID- 3365151
TI  - General practice in the restructured AMA.

PMID- 3365152
TI  - Automated health testing--another view.

PMID- 3365153
TI  - Facial pain--is it toothache?

PMID- 3365154
TI  - Disorders of the temporomandibular joint and related structures.

PMID- 3365155
TI  - Oral ulceration. Assessment of treatment of commonly encountered oral ulcerative
      disease.

PMID- 3365156
TI  - Facial and intraoral swellings.

PMID- 3365158
TI  - Oral problems in the aged.

PMID- 3365157
TI  - Dental fears and phobias.

PMID- 3365159
TI  - Painful tooth extraction.

PMID- 3365160
TI  - Temporomandibular dysfunction.

PMID- 3365161
TI  - Crossing the frontier of discovery in family medicine.

PMID- 3365162
TI  - Acupuncture for mood and sleep disturbance.

PMID- 3365163
TI  - Non organic failure to thrive.

PMID- 3365164
TI  - Current techniques and applications of body composition analysis at Toronto
      General Hospital.

PMID- 3365165
TI  - CHIME--a concise hospital information management enquiry.

PMID- 3365166
TI  - In-house dosimeters for an 18 MeV Linac.

PMID- 3365167
TI  - Single photon absorptiometry and quantitative roentgenography in bone
      densitometry: a comparison.

PMID- 3365168
TI  - Cost effective data logger for electromedical equipment in-service safety
      testing.

PMID- 3365169
TI  - Pathology of varicocele in the ram.
AB  - A total of 40 mature or aged rams with spontaneous varicocele detected by scrotal
      palpation were subjected to detailed necropsy examination. Varicocele was
      bilateral in 22 rams or was located on the left or right sides only, in 8 and 10
      rams, respectively. This distribution contrasted with varicocele in man in which
      the left side is involved in 70 to 100% of cases. Mean sizes of varicoceles in mm
      (length x diameter) were 117 x 46 and 104 x 45 for the left and right sides,
      respectively, and they were located high in the pampiniform plexus, approximately
      100 mm from the dorsal pole of the corresponding testis. All varicoceles were
      thrombosed. Changes associated with large varicoceles included testicular
      mineralisation and occluding thrombosis of testicular vessels. Total testis
      weight-bodyweight ratio in rams with varicocele (5.8 to 6.4 x 10(-3] was
      significantly less (P less than 0.05) than in normal (control) rams from the same
      flocks (7.9 x 10(-3] suggesting that some degree of testicular atrophy resulted
      from presence of a varicocele.

PMID- 3365170
TI  - Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin-containing cells in the reproductive tract of
      normal rams.
AB  - The levels of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were measured in serum
      and fluid from various locations in the reproductive tract of normal rams. These
      fluids included semen, preputial washings, and fluid from the accessory sex
      glands (ASG), vasa deferens, rete testes, and tissue fluid from the seminal
      vesicles, bulbourethral glands, epididymal tails and efferent ducts. In addition,
      the prevalence of specific Ig-containing cells (ICC) was measured in sections of
      formalin fixed tissues stained by an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase labelling
      technique. Mean IgA levels in semen (1.23 mg/ml) and ASG fluid (0.46 mg/ml), were
      higher than in serum (0.19 mg/ml) and were at levels higher than IgG1 or IgG2
      levels in semen, ASG fluid, and preputial washings, thus confirming the existence
      of a local immune system primarily in the ASG of ram genitalia. Relatively low
      concentrations of IgA and IgG in other genital fluids and IgG levels in these
      fluids were consistent with diffusion from serum. The relatively high prevalence
      of IgA-containing cells in bulbourethral (56% of all ICC) and prostate (49%)
      glands confirmed these tissues as major sites of local Ig production. ICC were
      also found in large numbers beneath pelvic urethral and preputial epithelia, but
      these were predominantly IgG-containing (88 and 72% respectively).

PMID- 3365171
TI  - Calving rates of Brahman and Brahman-cross cows to fixed-time insemination after
      treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and intravaginal progesterone.
AB  - In 2 experiments involving 151 non-lactating and 107 lactating Brahman or Brahman
      cross cows, the effects of progesterone treatments (PRID) of 2 durations (7 v 14
      days) and injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at 3 doses (O v
      375 v 750 IU) were examined. All cows were inseminated with frozen/thawed semen
      54 to 58 and 70 to 74 hours after PRID removal. Calving rates of non-lactating
      cows (38%) were unaffected by breed or treatment but were higher in previously
      cyclic than acyclic cows (44% v 19%, P less than 0.025) and in cows which
      exhibited oestrus after treatment (52% v 23%, P less than 0.001). Calving rates
      of lactating cows were not affected by these factors but were affected by
      treatment; PMSG produced no significant effect after a 7-day PRID treatment (33%
      overall) but increased calving rates after 14-day PRID treatments (22% v 46% v
      37% for 0, 375 and 750 IU respectively, P less than 0.10). Comparisons of calving
      rates of lactating cows treated with 14-day PRID and PMSG and artificially
      inseminated, and untreated naturally mated cows, showed that treatment
      significantly increased the proportion of cows conceiving in the first 35 days of
      the mating period (50% v 23%, P less than 0.025). The results show that treatment
      with PRID for 14 days and PMSG can overcome post-partum anoestrus in lactating
      Brahman and Brahman-cross cows leading to significant reductions in the calving
      to conception interval.

PMID- 3365172
TI  - Uterine torsion followed by jejunal incarceration in a partially everted urinary
      bladder of a cow.
AB  - A case of bladder eversion with intestinal entrapment in a cow is described. The
      condition occurred in conjunction with a 180 degrees right side uterine torsion.
      The cow responded well to corrective surgery.

PMID- 3365173
TI  - Acute oxalate poisoning of sheep by buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris).

PMID- 3365174
TI  - Infection with a virus resembling papovavirus in Gouldian finches (Erythrura
      gouldiae).

PMID- 3365175
TI  - Focal ulceration of the mouth in ruminants fed spear grass.

PMID- 3365176
TI  - Suspected cutaneous actinobacillosis in camels.

PMID- 3365177
TI  - The induction of parturition as an aid in the management of dystocia in beef
      herds.

PMID- 3365178
TI  - Experimental Mycoplasma capri mastitis in goats.

PMID- 3365179
TI  - The effect of the accidental feeding of lasalocid to breeder birds.

PMID- 3365180
TI  - Macroscopic kidney lesions in slaughtered pigs as an indicator of current
      leptospiral infection.

PMID- 3365181
TI  - Electro-immobilisation.

PMID- 3365182
TI  - Sleep in the dove Zenaida asiatica.
AB  - Electrographic and behavioral observations were made in five adult birds of the
      genus Zenaida asiatica. Five different vigilance states were quantitated: (1)
      Active waking (Aw) was characterized by constant behavioral activity; the nuchal
      electromyogram was tonically active with bursts associated to movements. The
      electroencephalographic pattern was low voltage and high frequency. (2) Quiet
      waking (Qw) was characterized by diminished behavioral activity and the EEG
      pattern was similar to that of Aw. (3) Drowsiness (D) was characterized by
      behavioral calm. Frequency of cerebral activity diminished progressively, but
      there were short periods of desynchronization corresponding to brief awakenings.
      (4) Slow wave sleep (SWS); during this period there was behavioral rest and EEG
      pattern of continuous slow waves and the nuchal EMG was tonically reduced.
      Spindles of sleep were not observed. (5) Paradoxical sleep (SP), behaviorally
      characterized by phasic manifestations consisting of noddings originated by rapid
      falling down of head and bursts of rapid eye movements. EEG activity was like
      that of waking state. EMG activity was maintained at the same level as during SWS
      but sometimes it decreased lightly. Total atonie was not observed. Sleep
      percentages were higher when recordings were done during the nocturnal period.

PMID- 3365183
TI  - Age differences in acquisition and retention of one-way avoidance learning in
      C57BL/6NNia and autoimmune mice.
AB  - Acquisition and 48-h retention of a step-up active avoidance response were
      studied in separate age groups of C57BL/6NNia mice (aged 1.5, 3.5, 6, 12, or 26
      months) and five strains of genetically autoimmune mice differing in life span.
      The C57BL/6NNia mice showed no change in ability to acquire the avoidance
      response between 1.5 and 3.5 months, but showed a steady decline in that ability
      thereafter. Mouse strains with early-onset autoimmune disorder (NZB/B1NJ, MRL/MpJ
      lpr, and BXSB/MpJ) showed declines in acquisition capability between 1.5 and 3.5
      months of age, whereas mouse strains with mild, late-onset autoimmune disorder
      (MRL/MpJ- + and NZBWF1/J) showed stable or improved acquisition during that
      period. Both the C57BL/6NNia and NZB/B1NJ mice showed age-dependent declines in
      48-h retention performance by 12 months of age. These findings suggested that
      while 48-h retention performance deficits were most related to chronological age,
      avoidance acquisition deficits were related to development of autoimmunity.

PMID- 3365184
TI  - Effects of lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle on successive
      discrimination in the rat.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to bar-press for food reward on a
      successive discrimination involving periods of reward on a variable-interval (VI)
      18-s schedule interspersed with periods of extinction. The two components of the
      schedule were signaled by a steady or a flashing light, counterbalanced between
      VI and extinction components. Confirming previous findings, the discrimination
      was easier when the flashing light signaled VI and the steady light signaled
      extinction, than with the reverse allocation of stimuli. This pattern of results
      is consistent with a dynamogenic effect of flashing light relative to steady
      light, facilitating discrimination when the flashing light signals the occasion
      to respond but impairing discrimination when this stimulus signals the occasion
      to withhold responding. Given this interpretation of performance in the
      successive discrimination task, it may be used to test three different hypotheses
      of the functions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB): that this subserves
      learning, selective attention, or behavioral inhibition plus arousal. To examine
      these hypotheses sham-operated animals were compared to animals in which
      hippocampal noradrenaline levels had been reduced by 98% and hypothalamic levels
      by 48% after injection into the DB of the catecholamine-specific neurotoxin, 6
      hydroxy-dopamine. The lesioned animals responded more slowly than controls in VI
      components when these were signaled by the flashing light, and more rapidly than
      controls in extinction components when these were signaled by the steady light.
      In consequence, the discrimination was impaired only in the condition (flashing
      light signaling VI, steady light signaling extinction) which controls found
      easier. These results are in conflict with predictions from the learning and
      attentional hypotheses of DB function. They are consistent, however, with a model
      that attributes behavioral inhibitory functions to the DB projection to the
      septohippocampal system, and arousing functions to the DB projection to the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 3365185
TI  - Tendency to display spontaneous incubation does not affect maternal
      responsiveness in the domestic hen.
AB  - Induction of maternal behavior was performed in 63-week-old hens of the JV15 (or
      "Vedette") strain which had previously exhibited brief incubating phases during
      the preceding egg-laying period to discover if their maternal behavior differed
      from that induced in hens who had no previous record of incubating. The degree of
      maternal behavior exhibited showed large variation among individuals. However,
      hens with a history of one or more spontaneous, brief incubation bouts and hens
      without such histories showed similar responsiveness toward chicks and similar
      levels of general activity. In most of the subjects, the establishment of
      maternal behavior was accompanied by a significant long-term fall in the plasma
      levels of luteinizing hormone whereas the plasma levels of prolactin appeared to
      be unaffected.

PMID- 3365186
TI  - Mate recognition by urine odors in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - We examined the responses of male and female gerbils housed in opposite- or same
      sex pairs to the urine odors from their cage-mate and those of an unfamiliar
      gerbil of the same sex. Gerbils housed in mated pairs spent more time
      investigating the odor of their partner. They also emitted more modulated
      ultrasonic vocalizations in the presence of their partner's odor than in the
      presence of the unfamiliar odor. Gerbils housed in same-sex pairs did not respond
      differentially to the odor of their cage-mate. There were sex differences in the
      frequency of ventral scent-marking and modulated vocalizations, with males
      showing more of these behaviors than females. The urine odor of the gerbil's mate
      can thus be discriminated from those of other gerbils. Recognition of individual
      odors may promote affiliative behavior and reduce aggression, thus playing an
      important role in pair maintenance in gerbils.

PMID- 3365187
TI  - Influence of rearing conditions on voluntary ethanol intake and response to
      stress in rats.
AB  - The effects of exposure to four environmental rearing conditions on subsequent
      voluntary ethanol intake and response to immobilization stress were examined.
      Male weanling rats were reared in an enriched environment, with a female partner,
      with a male partner, or individually, for 90 days. At 111 days of age, voluntary
      consumption of ethanol in increasing concentrations (3 to 9%, v/v) was assessed.
      Following the ethanol-exposure period, rats were randomly divided into stressed
      and nonstressed groups and exposed to 3 h of immobilization. Results indicated
      that the enriched animals consumed greater amounts of ethanol as compared to all
      other groups, suggesting that the enriched environment and not handling, housing
      conditions, or the presence of another male or female is responsible for the
      observed increase in ethanol drinking behavior. Ulcer data indicated that among
      environmentally enriched rats, ethanol attenuated stress ulcer development
      relative to their non-ethanol-exposed but stressed controls. In nonstressed
      enriched rats, ethanol alone exacerbated stomach damage. We suggest that
      environmental rearing conditions markedly influence the complex interaction
      between ethanol intake and the response to stress.

PMID- 3365188
TI  - Exploration, fear and maze learning in spontaneously hypertensive and
      normotensive rats.
AB  - In this study the performance of normotensive (WKY) rats was compared with that
      of hypertensive (SHR) rats on a Novel Object Test, a standardized Fear Test, and
      the Hebb-William's maze. We found no strain differences for exploration; however,
      WKY rear and ambulate more than SHR near the walls of the apparatus. There were
      no strain differences apparent in the Fear Test. WKY showed markedly different
      behavior compared with SHR on the Hebb-William's maze; WKY showed a high level of
      stereotyped displacement behaviors and failed to improve their performance over
      successive trials. Overall, WKY appear to be more reactive to environmental
      conditions than SHR. The behavior of both strains is highly context dependent.

PMID- 3365189
TI  - Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in radial-arm maze performance.
AB  - Although acetylcholine and dopamine are believed to play complementary roles in
      motor function, a comparable neurochemical interaction has not been established
      for cognitive function. The muscarinic receptor blocker scopolamine and the
      dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol have been found to impair choice accuracy of
      rats in the radial-arm maze. In the present study, low doses of these two drugs
      were administered intraperitoneally either alone or in combination to rats
      trained on a working memory task (food reward) in an eight-arm radial maze.
      Scopolamine, 0.125 mg/kg, produced a significant decrease in choice accuracy
      (i.e., arm entries until an error). Haloperidol, 0.0625 mg/kg, did not cause a
      significant decrease in accuracy, but there was a trend in that direction. The
      combination of haloperidol with scopolamine attenuated significantly the amnestic
      effect of scopolamine. These results suggest that, like motor behavior, cognitive
      function may be influenced by the balance between acetylcholine and dopamine.

PMID- 3365190
TI  - Does nondirectional signalization of target distance contribute to navigation in
      the Morris water maze?
AB  - The possibility that rats can navigate in the Morris water maze by reducing the
      difference between the memorized platform scene and the current sensory input was
      tested in nine blind rats. A computerized videosystem monitored the rats'
      movements in the pool and converted the rat-target distance into tones the
      frequency of which increased in 64 equal steps from 120 Hz at 128 cm to 7680 Hz
      at 0 cm. During 15 days of training to find a fixed platform position from
      different starting points (12 trials per day) average escape latencies decreased
      from 39.0 to 25.4 s. The performance significantly deteriorated when the acoustic
      distance signalization was omitted and/or when the target position was changed
      form trial to trial. It is concluded that blind rats solved the task by
      simultaneously employing search strategy based on position responses, mapping
      using acoustic background beacons, and distance reduction navigation. It is
      argued that the various strategies are additive and that their relative
      significance depends of the conditions of the experiment.

PMID- 3365191
TI  - Aggressive behavior induced in female mice by an early single injection of
      testosterone is genotype dependent.

PMID- 3365193
TI  - Circadian period in mice: analysis of genetic and maternal contributions to
      inbred strain differences.

PMID- 3365192
TI  - A note on computing the chi-square noncentrality parameter for power analyses.

PMID- 3365194
TI  - Estimation of heritability of learning behavior in honeybees (Apis mellifera
      capensis).

PMID- 3365195
TI  - Dominance alone is not enough.

PMID- 3365196
TI  - Postnatal development of brain and behavior of shaker short-tail mice.

PMID- 3365197
TI  - Differences between inbred strains of mice in Morris water maze performance.

PMID- 3365198
TI  - Handedness in a sample of volunteer twins.

PMID- 3365199
TI  - Autosomal and heterosomal influences on behavioral and somatic traits in mice.

PMID- 3365200
TI  - Signs of feigning in the phallometric test.

PMID- 3365201
TI  - The role of expectancy in exposure-generated fear reduction in agoraphobia.

PMID- 3365202
TI  - Toward a treatment logic for sleep apnea: the place of the tongue retaining
      device.

PMID- 3365203
TI  - Self-efficacy and smoking reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3365204
TI  - Context and ambiguity in the extinction of emotional learning: implications for
      exposure therapy.

PMID- 3365205
TI  - Enduring deficits after remissions of depression: a test of the scar hypothesis.

PMID- 3365206
TI  - The effects of observational training on spouse agreement about events in their
      relationship.

PMID- 3365207
TI  - Obsessions and compulsions: the Padua Inventory.

PMID- 3365208
TI  - The vulnerability of erectile measures to repeated assessments.

PMID- 3365209
TI  - Spontaneous recovery from the effects of flooding (exposure) in animals.

PMID- 3365210
TI  - Prediction of outcome from the self-regulatory treatment of irritable bowel
      syndrome.

PMID- 3365211
TI  - Return of fear: underlearning and overlearning.

PMID- 3365212
TI  - Relevance of phenotypic variation in risk assessment: the scientific viewpoint.

PMID- 3365213
TI  - Risk assessment, regulation, and the limits of science.

PMID- 3365214
TI  - Variability in diet and its relation to risk in ethnic and migrant groups.

PMID- 3365215
TI  - Cancer risk and life-style: cancer among Mormons from 1967-1975.

PMID- 3365216
TI  - Gene-environmental interaction as a cause of human variation.

PMID- 3365217
TI  - Risk assessment: short-term exposure at various ages.

PMID- 3365218
TI  - Variability in life span functional capacity.

PMID- 3365219
TI  - Sources and significance of variation as measured in human populations.

PMID- 3365220
TI  - Comparative risk measures for heterogeneous populations.

PMID- 3365221
TI  - Risk assessment: extrapolation to individual risk.

PMID- 3365222
TI  - Differential susceptibility: implications for epidemiology, risk assessment, and
      public policy.

PMID- 3365223
TI  - Variation in individual response--will it really affect the regulatory response?

PMID- 3365224
TI  - Fear, fiat, and fiasco: causation in cancer risk assessment.

PMID- 3365225
TI  - Human genetic individuality and risk assessment.

PMID- 3365226
TI  - Variability in anthropometric traits in twins and their families.

PMID- 3365228
TI  - [Status of regional anesthesia in the management of trauma surgery patients].

PMID- 3365227
TI  - Variation in expression of congenital cardiovascular malformations within and
      among families.

PMID- 3365229
TI  - [Rupture repair in degenerated meniscus tissue].

PMID- 3365230
TI  - [Arthroscopic meniscectomy].

PMID- 3365231
TI  - [A leg holder for arthroscopy of the knee joint].

PMID- 3365232
TI  - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the long bones with the unilateral external
      monofixator].

PMID- 3365233
TI  - [Clinical indications for the use of Jena bioactive, mechanically modifiable
      glass ceramics in orthopedics and traumatology].

PMID- 3365234
TI  - On transition metal ions and protein interactions in chromatin.

PMID- 3365235
TI  - Eukaryotic messenger RNA degradation.

PMID- 3365236
TI  - Conformational analysis of morphiceptin by NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - Three exorphins, beta-casomorphin-5, morphiceptin and its D-Pro4 analog, were
      studied in DMSO by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, with the aim of
      detecting conformational features of potential biological significance for the mu
      opioid activity since the presence of two Pro residues restricts the accessible
      conformational space more than in all other peptides. It is found that the
      conformational mixtures present in solution contain relevant fractions of folded
      conformers, a feature that assures the observation of four different Tyr OH
      signals in the 500 MHz spectrum of morphiceptin. The conformer distribution of
      (very active) (D-Pro4)-morphiceptin is different from those of its (less active)
      congeners.

PMID- 3365237
TI  - A new kinin moiety in human plasma kininogens.
AB  - Recently, we isolated a new kinin from human urine and tentatively identified it
      as [Ala3]-Lys-bradykinin. However, there were inconsistencies between the
      properties of the naturally occurring new kinin and synthetic [Ala3]-Lys
      bradykinin. In the present work, we determined whether the new kinin was released
      from human plasma kininogen, and further investigated the structure of the new
      kinin. After incubation of plasma (n = 6) with human urinary kallikrein, kinins
      were separated by HPLC and measured by RIA. The new kinin and Lys-bradykinin were
      found representing 23 +/- 3 and 76 +/- 6%, respectively, of total kinins released
      (2.0 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). The new kinin was also released from both purified
      low- and high-molecular-weight kininogens, representing 40-42% of total kinins
      released. Amino acid sequencing and composition analysis indicated that the
      structure of the new kinin was [Hyp3]-Lys-bradykinin (Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Phe-Ser
      Pro-Phe-Arg) and not [Ala3]-Lys-bradykinin. We conclude that an important
      proportion of human kininogens contain hydroxyproline instead of proline in
      position three of the bradykinin moiety.

PMID- 3365238
TI  - Presence of benzodiazepine-like molecules in mammalian brain and milk.
AB  - From bovine cerebral cortex extracts, used to isolate n-butyl beta carboline-3
      carboxylate (8), fractions active in displacing [3H] flunitrazepam binding were
      purified and shown to contain benzodiazepine-like molecules. These were
      recognized by UV spectra, retention time in HPLC, and interaction with a specific
      monoclonal antibody. Such molecules were localized in synaptic vesicles and
      cytosol of synaptosomes. Similar molecules were also found in cow milk. The
      possible dietary origin of these benzodiazepine-like molecules is discussed.

PMID- 3365239
TI  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by a dioxygenase enzyme system of the freshwater
      green alga Selenastrum capricornutum.
AB  - The green alga Selenastrum capricornutum was incubated with benzo(a)-pyrene under
      an atmosphere of 20% (18)O2: 80% N2. The cis-11,12-dihydro-11,12
      dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, cis-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and cis-4,5
      dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, were isolated by HPLC and analyzed by mass
      spectrometry. The metabolites produced molecular ions at m/z 290 and 286.
      Elemental analysis of the ion at m/z 290 gave an elemental composition of
      C20H14(18)O2 with 13% (18)O2 incorporation. The results indicate that S.
      capricornutum produces cis vicinal dihydrodiols from molecular oxygen via a
      dioxygenase enzyme pathway. The dioxygenase enzymes are characteristic of the
      bacterial metabolic pathway and unlike those of eukaryotic organisms which
      involve monooxygenase enzymes.

PMID- 3365240
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhancement of concanavalin-A induced bovine lymphocyte
      proliferation: requirement of monocytes.
AB  - The effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on Concanavalin-A (ConA) mediated bovine lymphocyte
      proliferation was dependent on the magnitude of the proliferative response.
      Lymphocytes from cows with high inherent proliferative responses (134,904 +/-
      15,488 cpm/well) were unaffected by 1,25-(OH)2D3; whereas, lymphocytes from cows
      with low inherent proliferative responses (46,317 +/- 6000 cpm/well) were
      stimulated 75% (P less than 0.01) by 10(-10)M 1,25-(OH)2D3. At low initial
      proliferation rates, seen with low density cultures enriched for lymphocytes, the
      effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on proliferation changed from inhibition in the absence of
      added monocytes to stimulation at 18-23% monocyte addition. These results suggest
      that 1,25-(OH)2D3 possesses both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on ConA
      induced proliferation that are monocyte dependent.

PMID- 3365241
TI  - Vasopressin is the only component of serum-free medium that stimulates
      phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis and accumulation of diacylglycerol in cultured
      REF52 cells.
AB  - Vasopressin stimulates phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in REF52 cells, and this
      phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis results in increases in choline containing
      metabolites in the culture medium (2.3 x control levels) and accumulation of
      cellular diacylglycerol (6.5 x control levels). Vasopressin is the only component
      of a 6-component mixture of the serum-free medium for REF52 cells that induces
      the phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis response. The effect of vasopressin is both
      time- and concentration-dependent. Maximal levels of both phosphatidyl-choline
      hydrolysis and accumulation of diacylglycerol are observed between 10 and 20 min
      after treatment with vasopressin. Effects are maximal at vasopressin
      concentrations of 100 ng/ml; the ED50 for vasopressin-stimulated phosphatidyl
      choline hydrolysis is approximately 0.7 ng/ml. The evolution of diacylglycerol
      occurs in a time frame that is consistent with the diacylglycerol activating
      protein kinase C in a "second phase" agonist response.

PMID- 3365242
TI  - Immunochemical similarity of the human plasma growth hormone-binding protein and
      the rabbit liver growth hormone receptor.
AB  - We probed the (immunochemical) relationship between the recently discovered
      growth hormone binding protein in human plasma and the growth hormone receptor
      using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit liver growth
      hormone receptor. The human binding protein was recognized by these antibodies;
      its immunological crossreactivity compared to the rabbit receptor was 1-2%. These
      data suggest a) that the binding protein and the receptor are structurally
      related and b) that rabbit and human growth hormone receptors share some but not
      all epitopes.

PMID- 3365243
TI  - Rapid isolation of lysyl-tRNA synthetase from rat liver.
AB  - The high molecular weight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (the 24S complex) was
      isolated from rat liver by ultracentrifugation. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase (E.C.
      6.1.1.6) was selectively dissociated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on
      1,6 diaminohexyl agarose followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography and DEAE
      chromatography. The lysyl-tRNA synthetase dissociated from the 24S synthetase
      complex was purified approximately to 2700 fold with 14% yield.

PMID- 3365244
TI  - Glycine transport by cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The transport of glycine was studied in cultured human fibroblasts. The amino
      acid entered the cell by Na+-dependent and Na+-independent mechanisms. Na+
      independent glycine (0.1 mM) transport was less than 10% of total uptake and
      occurred by a mechanism formally indistinguishable from diffusion. Two distinct
      routes contributed to Na+-dependent glycine transport. The first route was
      identified with system A because it was inhibited by MeAIB and underwent adaptive
      regulation. The second route was identified with system ASC as it was inhibited
      by L-alanine, but not by MeAIB. Kinetic analysis revealed that the two systems
      operated glycine transport with the same Km of 1.6 mM, a value unusually high for
      system ASC.

PMID- 3365245
TI  - Monoclonal antibody recognition of two subtype forms of protein kinase C in human
      platelets.
AB  - Using a hydroxylapatite column chromatographic technique, we obtained the
      evidence for two subtype forms of protein kinase C in human platelets. These
      subtypes had a similar chromatographic property to Type II, Type III protein
      kinase C from the rabbit brain. In addition, in monoclonal antibodies (MC-1a, 2a,
      3a) (1) which reacted with specifically Type I, II, III rabbit brain protein
      kinase C, respectively, only MC-2a and MC-3a reacted with human platelet protein
      kinase C. All these brain and platelet subtypes have a similar Km value for ATP,
      the range being from 8.0 to 20.0 microM and a similar IC50 value with regard to
      the effect of the protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7. Thus, the possibility that
      specific functions of platelet may be derived from a deficiency of Type I protein
      kinase C warrants attention.

PMID- 3365246
TI  - Inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity during the reversible shape change in
      human platelets.
AB  - Washed platelets in the absence of physiological activators possess gravity
      inducible shape change, which is paralleled by an increase of phosphatidic acid
      (PA), polyphosphoinositides (PPI) and an inhibition of PGE1 and Gpp(NH)p-
      stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. Incubation of platelets at 37 degrees
      C for 1 hr decreases (32P)PPI and restores their response to low doses of
      thrombin (0.015 U/ml). Simultaneously an increase of PGE1- and Gpp(NH)p-
      stimulation of AC is observed. The relaxation of the platelets influences
      predominantly the cAMP levels without significantly affecting the dissociation
      constants of the stimulators. Forskolin-induced activation of AC is the same in
      stimulated and relaxed platelets. It is suggested that the initial increase of PA
      inhibits the coupling of regulatory and receptor proteins to AC and has no effect
      on the catalytic unit.

PMID- 3365247
TI  - Induction of renal cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes of diabetic rats.
AB  - We purified two forms of cytochrome P-450 which was induced in hepatic microsomes
      of diabetic male rates treated with streptozotocin. One of these corresponded to
      P-450j. The other form, designated P450 DM-2, had a minimum molecular weight
      53000 and a CO-reduced absorption maximum at 452 nm. The P450 DM-2 efficiently
      catalyzed the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid, but was not
      efficient in metabolizing aminopyrine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, aniline, N
      nitrosodimethylamine, or testosterone. The NH2-terminal sequence of P450 DM-2 was
      identical to that of P450 K-5, the major renal cytochrome P-450. Both forms gave
      very similar electrophoretic patterns of proteolytic digests. P450 DM-2 and P450
      K-5 are closely related forms.

PMID- 3365248
TI  - Evidence for glycation of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in vivo.
AB  - A procedure involving HPLC of N-phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives of N-(1
      deoxyhexitolyl) amino acids was used to show that borohydride-treated alcohol
      dehydrogenase, from horse liver, contained 0.16 mol of N epsilon-(1
      deoxyhexitolyl) lysine per mol of enzyme. The identity of this compound was
      confirmed by mass spectrometry. It was concluded that glycation of alcohol
      dehydrogenase had occurred in vivo, resulting in the formation of N epsilon-(1
      deoxyfructosyl) lysyl residues. The presence of the latter accounted for the
      retention of 14% of the enzyme by an agaroseboronate gel. These findings are
      interesting in view of the observation [Tsai, C. S., and White, J. H. (1983)
      Biochem. J. 209, 309-314] that the enzyme was activated when it was glycated in
      vitro.

PMID- 3365250
TI  - Stoichiometric carboxyl methylation of chromogranins from bovine adrenal
      medullary cells.
AB  - The secretory proteins from adrenal chromaffin granules, chromogranins A, A1 and
      A2, were found to be excellent in vitro methyl acceptor proteins. The purified
      protein-carboxyl methylase (PCM) from bovine erythrocytes incorporated 660, 2540
      and 7890 pmol of methyl group/10 min/mg protein in chromogranins A, A1 and A2,
      respectively. However, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, another secretory protein
      within chromaffin granules was poorly methylated. The stoichiometry of
      methylation for chromogranins A, A1 and A2 was 0.26, 0.89 and 1.3 mol of methyl
      group/mol of protein, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that chromogranins A1
      had the highest turnover rate followed by chromogranins A2 and A. These
      chromogranins are the first secretory proteins to be stoichiometrically
      methylated in vitro without prior deamidation.

PMID- 3365249
TI  - Porcine follistatin gene structure supports two forms of mature follistatin
      produced by alternative splicing.
AB  - Follistatin (FS), a novel gonadal protein which inhibits specifically the
      secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), has recently been
      isolated from porcine follicular fluid. cDNA cloning of the porcine ovarian FS
      precursor revealed two populations of cDNAs which differed at the 3'-region of
      the open reading frames; one population encodes a precursor of 317 amino acids
      while the other encodes another precursor having the same 317 amino acids, but
      with an additional 27 amino acids at the carboxy-terminal. Herein, we report the
      cloning of the porcine FS gene whose DNA structure reveals that the two
      populations of mRNA are generated by alternative splicing. In addition,
      restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequencing show that the FS gene is
      approximately 6 Kb long and consists of six exons separated by five introns. The
      first exon encodes the putative signal sequence, followed by four exons which
      encode the four domains of FS, three of which are highly homologous to each
      other. The last exon encodes the extra 27-amino acid carboxy-terminal domain of
      the 344-residued precursor.

PMID- 3365251
TI  - Magnetic urokinase: targeting of urokinase to fibrin clot.
AB  - A plasminogen activator of human origin, urokinase, was endowed with magnetic
      property. The magnetic urokinase was composed of magnetite, polyethylene glycol
      derivative and urokinase, and dispersed in saline. Its particle size of magnetite
      was approximately 30-60 nm. It was selectively delivered to fibrin clot by
      magnetic force in continuously circulating plasma and exerted fibrinolytic
      activity without degrading fibrinogen.

PMID- 3365252
TI  - Antiviral activity of the pregnancy recognition hormone ovine trophoblast protein
      1.
AB  - Ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) is an antiluteolytic protein which plays an
      important role in maternal recognition of pregnancy. It exhibits a 45-70% amino
      acid sequence homology with alpha interferons (IFN-alpha s) from various species.
      We show here that purified oTP-1 has high specific antiviral activity (2-3 X
      10(8) units/mg protein) and is thus as potent as any known IFN. oTP-1 is
      antigenically distinct but does show antigenic relation to both ovine and bovine
      IFN-alpha s. The antiviral activity of oTP-1 could be demonstrated in Day 12 -
      Day 16 conceptus culture medium and in allantoic fluid from Day 60 of pregnancy.
      Our functional and antigenic characterization suggests that oTP-1 is a type of
      IFN-alpha which performs classic roles associated with IFN-alpha, as well as
      being the primary conceptus secretory product responsible for maternal
      recognition of pregnancy.

PMID- 3365253
TI  - Fatty acid activation of protein kinase C: dependence on diacylglycerol.
AB  - The kinetics of activation of protein kinase C by oleic acid have been
      reinvestigated, using highly purified preparations of the rat brain and bovine
      spleen enzymes. Activation of both enzymes by oleic acid is enhanced dramatically
      by diolein, contrary to previous reports. In the presence of 9.7 microM diolein,
      the concentrations of oleic acid required for half-maximal activation are 5
      microM and 9 microM for the rat brain and bovine spleen enzymes respectively,
      indicating that the system is much more sensitive to activation by fatty acids
      than previously recognized. Both enzymes also exhibit a pronounced lag in the
      activation at low concentrations of oleic acid. The kinetics of activation are
      very similar to those reported by Hannun et al. (J. Biol. Chem 260, 10039-10043),
      who characterized the activation of the rat brain enzyme by mixed micelles
      containing Triton X-100, phosphatidylserine and diolein.

PMID- 3365254
TI  - A male-specific renal cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) responsible for mutagenic
      activation of 3-methoxy-4-aminoazobenzene in mice.
AB  - Renal microsomes from male mice (BALB/c, DBA/2 and BALB/c x DBA/2 F1) showed
      about 10-fold greater activity for mediating mutagenic activation of 3-methoxy-4
      aminoazobenzene (3-MeO-AAB) toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 than did the
      corresponding hepatic microsomes, as compared on the basis of nmol of microsomal
      cytochrome P-450. On the other hand, female renal microsomes and other
      extrahepatic microsomes (lung, small intestine and colon) in both sexes of mice
      showed little or no activity for converting 3-MeO-AAB to mutagen(s). The
      mutagenic activation of 3-MeO-AAB with the male renal enzyme(s) was definitely
      inhibited by cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, 7,8-benzoflavone and SKF 525A. All
      these findings suggest that in mice, there is a male-specific renal 3-MeO-AAB
      activation enzyme(s), a cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s), which is different, at least
      in proportion and/or in nature, from hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes.

PMID- 3365255
TI  - Near normal levels of isoprenoid lipids in severe mevalonic aciduria.
AB  - The levels of cholesterol and dolichyl phosphate in the liver of an abortus with
      severe mevalonic aciduria were found to be approximately 60% of the mean of 5 age
      matched controls, while the level of squalene was within the normal range. Thus,
      despite a level of mevalonate kinase reported to be less than 1% of normal
      (Hoffmann, H. et al. (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. 314, 1610-1614), the liver was able
      to synthesize normal or near normal levels of isoprenoid lipids.

PMID- 3365256
TI  - Sequence of a human kidney cDNA clone encoding thymosin beta 10.
AB  - We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding the 43 amino acid protein, thymosin beta
      10, from an adult human kidney cDNA library. A comparison of human and rat
      thymosin beta 10 cDNA sequences revealed 100% identity for the deduced amino acid
      sequence and 95% nucleotide identity for the coding region. The thymosin beta 10
      cDNA clone was used to probe RNA isolated from monkey kidney epithelial cells of
      the BSC-1 line. The probe recognized 850 bp and 2.4 kb transcripts in quiescent
      cells which indicates that the gene is constitutively expressed. The abundance of
      the 2.4 kb transcript was markedly increased one hour after serum stimulation and
      declined progressively to a basal value at 24 hours.

PMID- 3365257
TI  - Endotoxin-induced zinc accumulation by liver cells is mediated by metallothionein
      synthesis.
AB  - Endotoxin induces a decrease in zinc concentration in the serum and an increase
      in zinc levels in the liver. We have studied whether metallothionein (MT), which
      is a heavy metal-binding protein, is associated with this phenomenon in vitro.
      When MT of liver cells is induced by a factor secreted by endotoxin-stimulated
      macrophages, the cells accumulate zinc from the medium. The temporal accumulation
      of zinc is correlated with the induction of MT, and the accumulated zinc binds to
      MT. These results suggest that zinc accumulation by liver cells is mediated by
      metallothionein produced in response to a macrophage factor, which is elicited by
      endotoxin.

PMID- 3365258
TI  - A sequence-dependent monoclonal antibody specific for single-chain urokinase.
AB  - To mimic the sequence spanning the primary site (the Lys158-Ile159 bond) cleaved
      by plasmin in its conversion of single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator
      (scuPA) to urokinase, we synthesized the peptide Cys(Acm)-Leu-Arg-Pro-Arg-Phe-Lys
      Ile-Ile-Gly-Gly-Glu-Phe-Cys [Cys(Acm)scuPA(153-164)Cys]. Immunization of A/J mice
      with the Cys(Acm)scuPA(153-164)Cys peptide linked to hemocyanin, followed by
      somatic cell fusion with a myeloma cell line (SP2/0), yielded a monoclonal
      antibody (SCOOP1) that bound to single-chain urokinase but not to urokinase or
      plasmin-treated single-chain urokinase. SCOOP1 could discriminate between single
      chain urokinase and urokinase by greater than three orders of magnitude. In a
      radioimmunoassay, Cys(Acm)scuPA(153-164)Cys completely inhibited SCOOP1 binding
      to single-chain urokinase, whereas an equimolar mixture of two heptapeptides
      comprising the amino terminal [Cys-scuPA(153-158)] and carboxy terminal
      [scuPA(159-164)Cys)] halves of the cleavage site peptide did not. Thus the
      epitope recognized by SCOOP1 includes the Lys158-Ile159 peptide bond.

PMID- 3365259
TI  - Decreased expression of cytochrome P-452 in the resistance phenotype
      characteristic of putative preneoplastic hepatocyte nodules during
      hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - Hepatocyte nodules, a characteristic early step in the development of liver
      cancer in rats, has a distinctive resistance phenotype including a large decrease
      in total cytochromes P-450 and in two isozymes induced by phenobarbital and two
      by 3-methylcholanthrene. In this study, it has been observed that the nodules
      show a large decrease in an additional cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-452, which
      is very active in the hydroxylation of lauric acid at C-11 and C-12. The decrease
      in activity of this microsomal cytochrome P-452 is of the same order of magnitude
      as the decreases in the other cytochrome P-450 components. These observations are
      consistent with the hypothesis that there is some more basic alteration in the
      synthesis or availability of heme and that the changes in the activities of the
      cytochromes P-450 are secondary.

PMID- 3365260
TI  - Effect of botulinum D toxin on neutrophils.
AB  - Activated botulinum D toxin ADP-ribosylates a 22 kDa molecular weight protein in
      homogenates obtained by sonication of a suspension of rabbit peritoneal
      neutrophils. The ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by activated botulinum D toxin is
      inhibited in homogenates obtained from cells pretreated with the toxin,
      suggesting that it is able to enter into these cells and be activated by them.
      The rise in intracellular concentration of free calcium in toxin treated cells
      stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe is similar to that found in control cells. The basal
      concentration of intracellular free calcium is significantly elevated in
      neutrophils treated with the intact but not with the activated form of the
      botulinum D toxin. Superoxide generation in control and native toxin treated
      cells stimulated with fMet-leu-Phe, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized
      zymosan is the same. The release of beta-glucosaminidase produced by fMet-Leu-Phe
      or Concanavalin A in botulinum D toxin treated neutrophils was slightly higher
      than the corresponding release in control cells. Furthermore, the fMet-Leu-Phe
      induced increase in the amount of actin associated with the cytoskeleton is not
      inhibited by botulinum D toxin. These results suggest that the 22 kDa protein
      which can be ADP-ribosylated by botulinum D toxin is not involved in these
      stimulated neutrophil responses.

PMID- 3365261
TI  - Changes in the electroencephalographic and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase
      and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in the allergen induced rat brain.
AB  - Electroencephalographic activity and gamma-Aminobutyric acid Transaminase
      together with Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity changes produced by
      sensitization with Prosopis juliflora pollen allergen were studied in the
      cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of the rat brain. Electrical activity of EEG
      recording begins to appear on 3rd day after sensitization with maximum increase
      in activity was found on day 9 and decreased after that. A sudden increase in
      electrical activity was produced in 9th day sensitized rat with 10 min after
      giving challenging dose intravenously. The measurement of enzymatic activity of
      GABA-T and SSA-DH showed decrease and increase in 3, 9, 15 and 30 days sensitized
      rat hypothalamus and cerebral cortex whole homogenate and mitochondrial
      fractions. A maximum changes in enzymatic activity was found in 9th day
      sensitized rat with significant alterations after giving sudden stress as
      challenging dose. These changes in EEG activity and GABA-ergic neurotransmitter
      in allergenic rats showed the immunoregulatory role of nervous system mediated
      via GABA shunt.

PMID- 3365262
TI  - Branched chain amino acid transaminases in brain in methionine sulphoximine (MSI)
      toxicity.
AB  - The effect of intraperitoneal administration of L-methionine-DL-sulphoximine
      (MSI) was studied on branched-chain amino acid transaminases (BCAA-T) in
      different regions of rat brain and in liver. Administration of an acute dose of
      MSI (300 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant decrease in leucine
      aminotransferase activity in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain-stem, while
      the activity of isoleucine aminotransferase was enhanced in hippocampus, corpus
      striatum, brain stem, and midbrain. Activities of both these enzymes changed
      marginally or remained unaltered in other regions of the brain. Valine
      aminotransferase showed a significant decrease in all the regions of the brain
      except in cerebellum. Following the administration of a sub-acute dose of MSI
      (150 mg/kg body wt.), the activities of the three BCAA aminotransferases were
      found to be enhanced in all regions of the brain. The results are discussed in
      relation to the utilization of BCAA for the production of glutamate and glutamine
      in hyperammonemia.

PMID- 3365263
TI  - Micellar properties of the zwitterionic bile derivative CHAPS.
AB  - The critical micellar concentration (cmc) of the zwitterionic bile derivative
      CHAPS has been measured by fluorescence, light scattering and vapour pressure
      osmometry methods. The latter technique has been found most convenient and
      reliable. At 25 degrees C, in pure water, a cmc near 9 mM is found. Temperature
      decreases only slightly the cmc, from 9 to 7 mM upon heating from 25 to 50
      degrees C. pH, in the range between 4 and 11, does not affect the cmc of CHAPS.
      Ionic strength appears to induce a marked decrease in cmc: measurements in 40 mM
      KCl give values about one-half those found for CHAPS in pure water.

PMID- 3365264
TI  - Regulation of actin polymerization by membrane fraction of platelets.
AB  - We studied the interaction between the purified membrane fraction of human
      platelets and the polymerization of skeletal actin. The viscosity of actin was
      measured by the falling ball method. The fraction suppressed the polymerization
      of actin in the presence of 20 mM KCl and 0.4 mM EGTA. The addition of calcium
      ion or thrombin to the fraction did not cause suppression. A DNase I affinity
      column bound the membrane fraction in the presence of calcium ion. The frozen
      membrane fraction and the vesicles reconstituted with lipids from the platelet
      membrane enhanced the polymerization of actin. Trypsinized membrane fraction and
      the membrane fraction treated with phospolipase A2 enhanced the polymerization of
      actin, but membrane fraction treated with phospholipase C had no effect. The
      reconstituted membrane vesicles mentioned above lowered the critical
      concentration for actin polymerization. These findings suggested that the
      polymerization of intracellular actin is enhanced not only by the mobilization of
      calcium ion, but also by biochemical changes in the membrane lipids.

PMID- 3365265
TI  - Erythrocyte D-glucose transport activity in reconstituted model membranes of
      different lipid composition.
AB  - The stereospecific influx of D-glucose into liposomes formed on sonication of
      different glyco- and phospholipids with transport proteins from human erythrocyte
      ghosts solubilized with Triton x-100 was measured as an index of their total D
      glucose transport activity. Specific D-glucose transport increased when acidic
      phospho- and glycolipids (especially sulfatide) were added to the
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers of the model membranes while cholesterol strongly
      inhibited the process. The modulation of D-glucose transport activity and its
      possible correlation with the lipid composition and the chemico-physical state of
      the erythrocytes is discussed.

PMID- 3365267
TI  - A simple method for discriminating between full and partial inhibitors.
AB  - A method is described which provides a more straightforward and reliable
      discrimination between full and partial inhibitors than do other available
      procedures. Its advantages are demonstrated by analysis of actual inhibition
      data. The proposed method proves in certain cases convenient also for the
      determination of inhibition constants.

PMID- 3365266
TI  - Glutamine and glucose as energy substrates for Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.
AB  - Energy metabolism of freshly harvested Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in the
      presence of 5 mM glucose and/or 0.5 mM glutamine was studied. The rate of oxygen
      utilization was not altered by the addition of 0.5 mM glutamine; 5 mM glucose
      induced an inhibition of respiration. In the presence of both glucose and
      glutamine, the Crabtree effect decreased. In these conditions, the rates of
      oxygen uptake, the CO2 evolution and the changes in the redox states of
      cytochromes indicate that glucose is preferred by Ehrlich ascites tumour cells as
      energy substrate. Glucose decreased the rate of glutamine utilization by 34%. On
      the other hand, glutaminolysis did not inhibit glycolysis.

PMID- 3365268
TI  - Age-dependent effects of sodium butyrate and hydrocortisone on acetylation of
      high mobility group proteins of rat liver.
AB  - The in vitro acetylation of high mobility group (HMG) proteins and its modulation
      by sodium butyrate and hydrocortisone have been studied using liver slices of
      young (13-) and old (114-week-old) rats. Acetylation of total HMG proteins was
      significantly higher in young than old rats. HMG 1, in particular, showed greater
      acetylation than others. Whereas acetylation of HMG 1 and 2 decreased
      drastically, that of HMG 14 and 17 increased in old age. In young rats, sodium
      butyrate and hydrocortisone stimulated acetylation of HMG 14 and 17, and
      decreased that of HMG 2. Butyrate had no effect on HMG 1, but hydrocortisone
      decreased it. In old rats, butyrate and hydrocortisone decreased acetylation of
      all HMGs, except HMG 17, which was stimulated to a slight extent by butyrate.

PMID- 3365269
TI  - Effects of aminopeptidase inhibitors actinonin and amastatin on chemotactic and
      phagocytic responses of human neutrophils.
AB  - Actinonin and amastatin are low-molecular-weight inhibitors of aminopeptidases
      associated with cell surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine their
      effects on human neutrophil functions such as chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Both
      actinonin and amastatin enhanced chemotaxis to the chemotactic peptide N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. On the other hand, the effects of both agents on
      neutrophil phagocytosis were varied. Bacterial attachment to neutrophils was
      slightly affected by these agents. However, actinonin enhanced the
      internalization of bacteria by neutrophils. Neutrophil leucine aminopeptidase
      activity was also determined and was found to be weakly inhibited by these
      agents.

PMID- 3365270
TI  - Development and application of a radioreceptor assay for scopolamine.
AB  - 6 beta,7 beta-Epoxy-3a(1aH,5aH)-tropanyl-(S)-tropate (scopolamine) has proved to
      be a very effective drug in the prevention of motion sickness, however, the drug
      has a small therapeutic window, a low bioavailability and a short half-life. A
      transdermal drug delivery system (Scopoderm TTS) was developed to circumvent
      these problems as well as the variability in gastric absorption. In order to
      study the pharmacokinetics of the drug and its glucuronide, a highly sensitive
      radioreceptor assay with an absolute detection limit of 15 pg scopolamine was
      developed. In children undergoing minor surgery, a Scopoderm TTS patch of
      different sizes (according to the age of the children) was applied to the retro
      auricular skin. Urine samples were collected and assayed for free and conjugated
      scopolamine. Furthermore possible anticholinergic effects on the pupil reaction,
      salivation, blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. The urine excretion of
      free and glucuronidated scopolamine showed large intra- and interindividual
      variations. However, in all age groups relatively high percentages of free
      scopolamine were found, namely 47.5% (3-6 years), 48.3% (7-12 years) and 36.0%
      (13-18 years) of the sum of free plus glucuronidated scopolamine. During the
      application of the patch, a prolonged plateau of scopolamine excretion could be
      found. Although in general the patches were well tolerated, both locally and
      systematically, moderate anticholinergic effects were observed in patients.

PMID- 3365271
TI  - Enhanced lymphocyte stimulation by bacterial lysates after treatment of probands.
AB  - The proliferative response of lymphocyte cultures upon the addition of a mixture
      of antigens from the lysates of different bacteria (Paspat) to the culture medium
      was investigated using lymphocytes of groups of probands that investigated using
      lymphocytes of groups of probands that had been treated with the i.c. test
      preparation (T.P.1, group I), the lyophilized test preparation given orally
      (T.P.2, group II), a commercially available lyophilized bacterial lysate of
      similar composition given orally (T.P.3, group III), or with placebo (group IV).
      Lymphocyte cultures were set up on day 0 (before treatment), day 40 and day 70
      (after treatment). The results show, that T.P.1 and T.P.2 produce a dose
      dependent proliferative response in lymphocyte cultures with a peak reactivity
      between 70 and 210 micrograms/ml. The degree of stimulation obtained with the
      bacterial lysate in different concentrations is increased in groups I and II over
      the stimulation obtained before treatment. Groups I and II which were treated
      with T.P.1 (i.c.) and T.P.2 (orally) are significantly different in their
      response to the bacterial lysate from the groups treated with T.P.3 or placebo on
      days 40 and 70. Evidence is presented that the stimulation obtained is
      predominantly a proliferation of T-cells.

PMID- 3365273
TI  - Effects of exogenous ubidecarenone on cardiac action potential and activation
      time in hypoxic, glucose-free solution. Possible antiarrhythmic action of
      ubidecarenone.
AB  - Effects of ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10, CoQ10, E-0216) on the cardiac action
      potential depressed by the superfusion with hypoxic, glucose-free solution
      (modified Tyrode solution) and on the activation time (ACT) altered by the same
      means were investigated. In the control specimens, the action potential duration
      (APD) was markedly shortened and action potential amplitude (AMP) reduced. The
      maximum rate of rise of phase zero Vmax) and the resting membrane potential (RMP)
      were slightly affected. Superfusion with exogenous CoQ10 significantly reversed
      the depressed APD and AMP, and tended to increase RMP and Vmax. Moreover, the ACT
      which, in the control, was slightly shortened until after the 10th min of
      superfusion became progressively longer. It was slightly prolonged during the
      first 10 min, and from the 12th to the 15th min was slightly shortened by
      treatment with CoQ10. These results suggest that CoQ10 could evoke an
      antiarrhythmic action in cardiac cells in depressed metabolic conditions.

PMID- 3365272
TI  - Enhanced myocardial salvage by combined treatment with recombinant single-chain
      urokinase-type plasminogen activator and recombinant human superoxide dismutase
      in a canine coronary thrombosis model.
AB  - Myocardial ischemia was induced by formation of an occlusive thrombus in the left
      anterior circumflex artery (LCX) in open chest dogs. The myocardial salvage by
      the fibrin specific recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator
      (r-scu-PA) alone and in combination with the oxygen radical scavenger human
      superoxide dismutase of recombinant origin (r-HSOD) was investigated. The three
      experimental groups were: group I (n = 4) did not receive any treatment after LCX
      thrombosis; in group II (n = 9) at 100 min after LCX thrombosis r-scu-PA (20
      micrograms.kg1.min-1 i.v. for 30 min) was infused; dogs in group III (n = 8)
      received concomitant treatment with r-scu-PA and r-HSOD (10 mg.kg1 i.v. for 60
      min). Percent of left ventricle at risk did not differ between the groups.
      Infarct size as percent of the risk zone was 45.3 +/- 8.0 in group I, 25.3 +/-
      3.7 in group II (a less than or equal to 0.05 vs group I) and 14.9 +/- 3.2 in
      group III (a less than 0.05 vs group II). Incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias
      and increase in plasma creatine kinase were significantly diminished by r-HSOD
      when compared to dogs receiving r-scu-PA only. There were no significant
      differences in hemodynamic parameters between the groups. No changes in plasma
      fibrinogen were observed in r-scu-PA treated dogs. In conclusion, the combined
      treatment with r-scu-PA and r-HSOD yielded a significantly higher myocardial
      salvage versus thrombolytic treatment alone in a canine LCX thrombosis model.

PMID- 3365274
TI  - [Organ- and species-specific properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and
      the effect of molsidomine].
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) is the key enzyme of the pentose
      phosphate cycle and therefore regulates the synthesis of the nucleic acid
      constituent ribose-5-phosphate. At the same time the enzyme is coupled to the
      synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH) which detoxifies electrophilic molecules
      (radicals) in the organism. Activity and stability of G-6-PDH and the influence
      of SIN 1--the active metabolite of molsidomine (Corvaton)--dithiothreitol (DTT)
      and NADP on these parameters were studied in enzyme preparations from different
      organs of the rat (liver, ethmoturbinates, blood) and from blood of mouse, guinea
      pig, rabbit, dog and man. The highest activity of G-6-PDH was measured in rat
      ethmoturbinates (69.26 +/- 5.91 mU/mg protein/min), the lowest in human blood
      (2.99 +/- 0.18 mU/mg protein/min). G-6-PDH of rat ethmoturbinates and of rat and
      dog blood was unstable and nearly completely inhibited by SIN 1. The enzyme of
      rat liver and of human, mouse, guinea pig and rabbit blood was stable and not
      influenced by SIN 1. These organ-and species-specific findings are discussed with
      respect to the toxicological actions of SIN 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365275
TI  - New pharmacological data on the bronchospasmolytic activity of bamifylline.
AB  - Resistance to lung inflation and blood pressure were monitored together with
      biological and radioimmunological determination of circulating thromboxane A2
      (TxA2) in anaesthetized guinea-pig. Bamifylline, a 2-benzyl-[4,5-d]
      imidazopyrimidine derivative, and theophylline were compared for their
      antagonistic activity against the pulmonary effect of histamine (0.05 mumol/kg
      i.v.), leukotriene C4 (LTC4, 0.016 mumol/kg i.v.), platelet-activating factor
      (PAF, 0.0002 mumol/kg i.v.) and acetylcholine (0.1 mumol/kg i.v.). Bamifylline,
      as well as theophylline, showed a dose-dependent antagonistic activity against
      both bronchoconstriction and TxA2 generation induced by the above agonists.
      However, except for histamine where the two compounds were equiactive,
      bamifylline was 2 times more potent than theophylline. The maximal inhibitory
      activity was found against bronchoconstriction induced by PAF (ED50 = 6.5
      mumol/kg i.v.) followed by histamine (ED50 = 9.5 mumol/kg i.v.), acetylcholine
      (ED50 = 24.3 mumol/kg i.v.) and LTC4 (ED50 = 31.6 mumol/kg i.v.). Bamifylline (3,
      10, 30, 100 mumol/kg i.v.) and theophylline (3, 10, 30, 100 mumol/kg i.v.)
      protected guinea-pig from antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and TxA2 generation
      in ovalbumin actively sensitized animals. Also in this series of experiments
      bamifylline was more potent than theophylline, the ED50 being 9.3 mumol/kg i.v.
      and 22.9 mumol/kg i.v., respectively. These pharmacological data represent new
      support for the protecting effect of bamifylline against respiratory damage
      induced by well known anaphylaxis mediators.

PMID- 3365276
TI  - Chemical stability and mode of gastrointestinal absorption of sodium
      monofluorophosphate.
AB  - Sodium monofluorophosphate, an agent used for the fluorine therapy of
      osteoporosis, is chemically stable in aqueous environment in the range from pH 13
      to 2. At pH lower than 1.5 the monofluorophosphate ion (MFP) hydrolyzes to
      fluoride and orthophosphate. At these pH values fluoride forms undissociated
      hydrofluoric acid which damages the gastric mucosa. Therefore, to prevent the
      formation of hydrofluoric acid, sodium monofluorophosphate should always be
      combined with buffering agents, preferably calcium salts, because calcium is
      compatible with MFP and is an aid for osteoporosis. MFP is stable in the
      intestinal environment. It is absorbed from the gastrointestinal lumen and is
      then hydrolyzed into fluoride and orthophosphate. Hydrolysis is provided by
      MFPases of the intestinal mucosa and of the liver. Alkaline phosphatase has
      MFPase activity, whereas acid phosphatase has not. In conclusion, if buffered
      with an appropriate calcium salt, MFP is stable in the gastrointestinal
      environment and does not release fluoride which could damage the gastrointestinal
      mucosa and be sequestrated by calcium ions of the diet or given as medicaments.

PMID- 3365277
TI  - Lithium and the developing rat kidney in transplacental target organ toxicity.
AB  - Pregnant female albino rats were treated orally with lithium carbonate dissolved
      in distilled water. Treatment at 100 mg/kg day 16 until day 20 of gestation
      caused marked maternal toxicity including polyuria. For the progeny increased
      rates of prenatal and postnatal mortality were noted. In part of the progeny
      sacrificed near term by Caesarean section, the visceral examination of the
      fetuses revealed an enlargement of the renal pelves in association with
      rudimentary or missing papillae. The renal anomalies are interpreted as being
      consistent with a developmental retardation due to specific lithium activity.
      After birth, i.e. after termination of maternal treatment, slight to moderate
      structural changes of the kidney were apparently compensated. 60 mg/kg through
      days 16-20 of pregnancy caused moderate maternal toxicity including polyuria. The
      offspring showed a postnatal development near the normal range, however, and no
      renal anomalies were recorded. In the view of the nephrotrophic property of
      lithium as known for the adult rat, the results indicate that possible
      transplacental effects on the fetal kidney as a target organ should be also
      considered.

PMID- 3365278
TI  - Effects of etretinate in epidermal metabolism and histology after abrasio of
      superficial layers. Mouse tail assay.
AB  - The mouse tail assay is suitable for the histological detection of altered
      differentiation of the epidermis. In the present study, the stratum corneum of
      the tail epidermis of female mice (NMRI) was removed by means of fine sandpaper.
      One group of mice was treated with 2 mg of ethyl (all-trans)-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6
      trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl- 2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoate (etretinate)/kg body
      weight daily. The untreated group served as control. After removal of the stratum
      corneum epidermal hyperplasia and formation of a stratum granulosum was found in
      the controls (peak on the third day). The alterations declined from the fourth
      day onwards. The histidine incorporation into protein was increased from days 4
      to 6. A similar reaction sequence was observed in the animals treated with
      etretinate. In addition to the hyperplasia, there was an enlargement of the cells
      (hypertrophy). The control group showed a significant elevation of leucine
      incorporation and a reduction of histidine incorporation into protein on the
      first day after removal of the stratum corneum. The incorporation rate of
      thymidine triphosphate into DNA peaked on the second day. The rise of leucine
      incorporation into protein and the increase of thymidine triphosphate
      incorporation into DNA on the second day after removal of the stratum corneum
      could not be detected in the animals treated with etretinate. In these animals
      histidine metabolism could not be influenced by etretinate. In conclusion,
      etretinate greatly influences the alteration of basal metabolism caused by the
      removal of the stratum corneum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365279
TI  - Characterization of 5-[5-(4-chlorophenyl-2-furanyl)]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone as a
      nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug.
AB  - 5-[5-(4-Chlorophenyl-2-furanyl)]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone (F-1044), a nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drug related to orpanoxin, lacks the usual acid moiety of such
      agents. F-1044 had antiinflammatory activity equivalent to ibuprofen's and
      orpanoxin's in the carrageenin-induced paw edema model in normal and
      adrenalectomized rats. Antiinflammatory activity was also expressed in the guinea
      pig UV-induced erythema and rat established arthritis models. F-1044 was a more
      potent analgesic than ibuprofen and orpanoxin in the rat paw pressure assay. In
      contrast to the reference agents, F-1044 raised the pain threshold of both the
      yeast-injected and non-injected paws, suggesting a central component to its
      analgesic action. F-1044 was more potent than ibuprofen and orpanoxin in the rat
      brewer's yeast pyresis model. Based on its low activity in inhibiting bradykinin
      induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs and low gastric irritation activity in
      rats. F-1044 appears to have a mechanisms of action that involves more than
      simple inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Thus F-1044 is a nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory agent with unique chemical and pharmacological features.

PMID- 3365280
TI  - Immunopharmacological actions of the new antiallergic drug butyl 3'-(1H-tetrazol
      5-yl)oxanilate. 5th communication: effects on immunological reactions in mice and
      humans.
AB  - The effects of butyl 3'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)oxanilate (WP-833), a new antiallergic
      drug, on immunological reactions in mice and humans were studied in view of
      possible side effects. Hemagglutinin formation in mice immunized with sheep red
      blood cells was not suppressed by WP-833 administered i.p. or p.o. for 3 days
      either before or after immunization. In addition, the same treatments with WP-833
      showed no suppression of hapten-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) or immunoglobulin
      G (IgG) antibody formation in mice immunized with dinitrophenyl-conjugated
      ovalbumin mixed with alum. The proliferation of human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin-P, pokeweed mitogen,
      protein A or Cowan I was not suppressed by WP-833. Nitroblue tetrazolium
      reduction test, phagocytosis and chemotaxis in human neutrophils were not
      inhibited by WP-833.

PMID- 3365281
TI  - Bioavailability of ambroxol sustained release preparations. Part I: In vitro
      dissolution studies.
AB  - The in vitro dissolution of two ambroxol-HCl containing sustained release
      preparations (75 mg) and the effect of pH of the dissolution medium on the
      dissolution rats were investigated. The studies were carried out using the USP
      XXI paddle method. A new ambroxol HCl sustained release formulation based on a
      dialyzing membrane for controlled release shows a longer release action as
      compared to a standard sustained release preparation from commercial source which
      is based on spheroids constituted by a lipid matrix. The in vitro release rate of
      the latter product also appears to be more pH dependent.

PMID- 3365282
TI  - Bioavailability of ambroxol sustained release preparations. Part II: Single and
      multiple oral dose studies in man.
AB  - The bioavailability of a new ambroxol sustained release preparation (75 mg) based
      on a dialyzing membrane for controlled release was studied in healthy volunteers
      after single and multiple oral dose in comparison with a standard sustained
      release formulation in a cross-over study under carefully controlled conditions.
      Plasma concentrations of ambroxol were measured by means of a HPLC method. Based
      on AUC data both preparations are found to be bioequivalent, but show different
      plasma concentration profiles. The test preparation showed a more pronounced
      sustained release profile than the reference preparation (single dose) resulting
      in significantly higher steady state plasma levels.

PMID- 3365283
TI  - Effects of the novel 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor indalpine and ethanol
      on psychomotor performance.
AB  - Twelve healthy male volunteers were treated double-blind and cross-over with 4-(3
      indolyl-2-ethyl)piperidine (indalpine), a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
      inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties, and placebo for two
      weeks. Soon after starting the treatment with indalpine (50 mg/d) they felt
      subjectively mild sedative-like effects which were abolished when retested after
      two weeks' maintenance (150 mg/d). Objectively measured psychomotor performance
      (coordinative and reactive skills, standing steadiness, nystagmus, flicker
      recognition) was not, however, affected by indalpine. The only adverse effect
      attributable to indalpine was ejaculatory dysfunction which was spontaneously
      reported by 67% of the subjects. When alcohol (1 g/kg) was administered during
      the treatment periods most tests showed impairment. However, indalpine neither
      enhanced nor counteracted the effects of alcohol in this trial.

PMID- 3365284
TI  - The need for an integrated perspective on stuttering.

PMID- 3365285
TI  - Looking at a vulnerable system.

PMID- 3365286
TI  - A practitioner's view of stuttering.

PMID- 3365287
TI  - Auditory evoked potentials: a survey of educational and practice patterns.

PMID- 3365288
TI  - Guidelines for the identification of hearing impairment in at risk infants age
      birth to 6 months.

PMID- 3365289
TI  - Separation of three compositionally distinct subclasses of rat high density
      lipoproteins by heparin-affinity chromatography.
AB  - The composition of 3 subclasses of plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL)
      separated by heparin-affinity chromatography was characterized. Plasma was
      obtained from Fischer-344 adult male rats fed a semi-purified diet containing 1%
      cholesterol. HDL particles were isolated by ultracentrifugation and agarose
      column chromatography. The purified HDL fraction was applied to a column (1.0 X
      28 cm) packed with heparin-Sepharose CL-6B and eluted at 4 degrees C with 5 mM
      Tris buffer (pH 7.4) with varying concentrations of NaCl. The first peak (P1)
      eluted with 50 mM NaCl and 25 mM MnCl2 was albumin; the second peak (P2) eluted
      at 70 mM NaCl accounted for 78% of total plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and 82%
      of total HDL protein. The particles of this HDL subclass measured 113 A in
      diameter and were devoid of apolipoprotein (apo) E, but high in apo A-I. The
      third peak (P3) eluted with 290 mM NaCl represented 4.3% of total HDL-C and 6.0%
      of total HDL protein, and contained apo E (25% of its protein). The average size
      of the particles was 126 A. The last peak (P4) eluted at 0.6 M NaCl accounted for
      18% of total HDL-C and 12% of HDL protein. The particles of P4 were considerably
      larger in size (156 A) relative to those of P2 and P3, and rich in apo E (73% of
      its protein) with relatively low concentrations of apo A-I and C. Based on the
      compositional characteristics and sizes of the particles, the HDL subclasses of
      P2, P3 and P4 were designated as HDL2 with no apo E, HDL2 with moderate apo E,
      and HDL1 (or HDLc), respectively. The above results provide evidence for the
      existence of 3 compositionally distinct subclasses of plasma HDL in the rat,
      which may differ with regard to their roles in the transport and metabolism of
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3365290
TI  - Effect of exposure of rats to cigarette smoke on the metabolism of lipids.
AB  - Prolonged exposure of rats to cigarette smoke resulted in significant alterations
      in the metabolism of lipids. There was a significant increase in the
      concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in most of the
      tissues, particularly the heart, aorta and lungs. Cholesterol, triglycerides and
      phospholipids decreased in the serum HDL and increased in LDL + VLDL. There was
      increased cholesterogenesis in the heart, lungs and liver, as evidenced by
      increased activity of HMG-CoA reductase and increased incorporation of labelled
      acetate into cholesterol. Incorporation of label into the triglycerides also
      increased in these tissues. Activity of lipoprotein lipase in the extrahepatic
      tissues was decreased. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic
      enzyme increased in the heart and lungs. There was decreased concentration of
      bile acids in the liver.

PMID- 3365291
TI  - Sera containing elevated nonesterified fatty acids from patients with
      angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis cause marked lipid
      accumulation in cultured human arterial smooth muscle-derived cells.
AB  - Sera from 47 angiography patients were included in medium supporting the growth
      of human arterial smooth muscle-derived cells (HUSMC). Ten sera from the 38
      patients demonstrating significant coronary artery obstruction caused marked
      cellular accumulation of neutral lipid, causing the cultured cells to resemble
      the foam cells of atherosclerotic plaque. None of the sera from the 9 non
      atherosclerotic patients caused such marked steatosis. A lesser degree of lipid
      accumulation by the cultured cells was seen for 4/38 atherosclerotic and 2/9 non
      atherosclerotic patients sera. The cell lipids were analyzed by thin layer
      chromatography and were shown to be triglyceride (TG). The quantities of neutral
      lipids which accumulated in cultured HUSMC were estimated by absorbances due to
      Oil red O staining of lipid which were normalized to total cell protein based on
      absorbances due to Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining, yielding specific
      lipid content index values. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations
      and NEFA/albumin molar ratios were strongly and significantly correlated with
      specific lipid content index values (r = 0.870, P less than 0.001; r = 0.001,
      respectively), while total cholesterol and TG concentrations did not yield
      significant associations. The observed steatosis could be reproduced in HUSMC by
      the addition of exogenous NEFA to the culture medium. Measurements of
      proliferation of the cultured HUSMC showed no differences between sera causing
      lipid accumulation and sera lacking this effect. It is suggested that circulating
      NEFA concentrations may play a role in the etiology of atherosclerotic plaque.

PMID- 3365292
TI  - The effect of zinc supplements on lipoproteins and copper status.
AB  - As part of a study to determine the effect of 150 mg zinc/day on plasma
      lipoproteins, healthy young female (n = 26; mean age 27 years) and male (n = 21;
      mean age 28 years) volunteers took part in a double-blind cross-over trial
      lasting 12 weeks. During 6 weeks of supplementation, plasma Zn rose significantly
      in both groups, indicating compliance. Plasma total cholesterol remained
      unchanged in both males and females. However, mean LDL-cholesterol decreased from
      2.38 to 2.17 mmol/l in females and there was a trend for total HDL-cholesterol to
      be redistributed in that HDL2 rose and HDL3 fell slightly. In parallel with these
      changes in females, Zn supplements reduced the ferroxidase activity of serum
      caeruloplasmin (from 13.0 to 11.3 U/ml) and the antioxidant activity of
      erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (E-SOD) (from 4557 to 3638 U/g Hb) and CuZn E
      SOD (from 2184 to 1672 U/g Hb). Plasma Cu and haematocrit were unaffected. No
      such changes were seen in males in either lipoproteins or these indicators of Cu
      status. Since the females were lighter than the males but received the same dose,
      a dose-response effect rather than a sex difference cannot be ruled out. Overall,
      Zn supplements significantly decrease a major risk factor for CHD in females but
      reduced their Cu status.

PMID- 3365294
TI  - Calcium antagonists do not inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell chemotaxis caused
      by platelet-derived growth factor.

PMID- 3365295
TI  - Plasma cholesterol, ageing and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

PMID- 3365293
TI  - Plasma lipid transfer activity in rabbits: effects of dietary hyperlipidemias.
AB  - Studies were performed in the rabbit to investigate the relationship between
      plasma lipids and the cholesteryl ester/triglyceride transfer activity of
      lipoprotein-deficient plasma (d greater than 1.21). The time courses for diet
      induced changes in plasma lipids and the lipid (cholesteryl ester/triglyceride)
      transfer activity of lipoprotein-deficient plasma (LTA) were determined in
      rabbits fed a variety of hyperlipidemic diets. LTA was not altered within 36 h
      after a single high-cholesterol/oil meal despite a near doubling of the
      concentration of plasma cholesterol. With high cholesterol and/or high-fat
      feeding, LTA increased and reached new steady state levels within about 10 days
      with little additional change for up to 87 days even when plasma cholesterol
      continued to increase. For all diets, the greatest increments in LTA occurred
      about 5 days after initiation of experimental feeding. A low-cholesterol (0.05
      0.2%, w/w) diet and a cholesterol-free, high-coconut oil diet (14%, w/w) were
      associated with comparable increases in both plasma cholesterol and LTA. A
      marked, concomitant increase in plasma triglycerides was not associated with a
      further increase in LTA in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. These data indicate that
      in the rabbit LTA increases in a parabolic manner with moderate and gross, diet
      induced increases in plasma cholesterol, and the time courses for the diet
      induced changes in LTA are similar for a variety of hyperlipidemic diets.

PMID- 3365296
TI  - Back injuries. CE module (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3365297
TI  - Back injuries: a hands-on approach.

PMID- 3365298
TI  - Cost management of short term disability.

PMID- 3365299
TI  - Infectious disease protection of non-health care workers.

PMID- 3365301
TI  - Study: infected blood transfusions cause of AIDS-malaria association.

PMID- 3365300
TI  - AIDS testing: a legal perspective on testing in the workplace.

PMID- 3365302
TI  - Premature sexual development in Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3365303
TI  - The development of sparsomycin as an anti-tumour drug.
AB  - The synthesis of sparsomycin and eight lipophilic analogues is discussed.
      Sparsomycin, a bacterial metabolite, is a potent inhibitor of protein
      biosynthesis; in addition it has anti-tumour properties. Structure-activity
      relationship studies indicate that the anti-tumour activity is a direct
      consequence of the inhibition of protein synthesis. Two of the analogues show a
      higher anti-tumour activity in vitro as well as in vivo, and are less toxic to
      mice than sparsomycin. Finally, some properties of sparsomycin are discussed: the
      drug potentiates the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and is selectively active on
      tumour cells without affecting human bone-marrow.

PMID- 3365305
TI  - [Required time for the publication of a medical article].

PMID- 3365304
TI  - Development of more selective anti-cancer nitrosoureas.
AB  - 2-Chloroethyl-N-nitrosoureas are highly active anti-neoplastic drugs in clinical
      use for many years. Therapy with these DNA cross-linking agents is limited by
      their toxic side effects, cumulative and delayed bone marrow toxicity being the
      main dose-limiting one. Since the intrinsic anti-tumour activity of the
      nitrosourea group is very high, coupling to appropriate carrier molecules
      represents a challenge for target-orientated chemotherapy. Many human tumours
      contain receptors for steroid hormones. Therefore, 2-chloroethyl-N-nitroso
      carbamoyl(CNC)-amino acid derivatives have been developed that are linked to
      steroid hormones. In the series of oestradiol (E2)-linked analogues CNC-L-alanine
      E2-17-ester was significantly superior to other E2-linked congeners and to the
      unlinked equimolar mixture when tested against hormone-dependent N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat. Relevance of E2 receptor
      contents for therapy with E2-linked drugs is evidenced by loss of superiority of
      this analogue in hormone-independent mammary carcinomas. Some androgen-linked CNC
      amino acids showed substantial affinity to the androgen receptor and in part also
      to the progesterone receptor. A preliminary study in rat leukaemia L5222 revealed
      the CNC-L-alanine-dihydrotestosterone-17-ester to be highly active. Studies with
      hormone-dependent tumour models are under way.

PMID- 3365306
TI  - [Diarrhea and Cryptosporidium in Guatemala].

PMID- 3365307
TI  - [Nitrogen mustard as an alternative therapy in children with idiopathic nephrotic
      syndrome and recurrent infections].

PMID- 3365309
TI  - [Early detection of pre-linguistic deafness].

PMID- 3365308
TI  - [Osmolality of foods ordinarily used in the diet of nursing infants].

PMID- 3365310
TI  - [The newborn infant with a birth weight of less than 1.000 grams: review of the
      morbimortality and long-term sequelae].

PMID- 3365311
TI  - [Oral hydration versus intravenous hydration in patients with acute diarrhea].

PMID- 3365312
TI  - [Sexual abuse in childhood: clinical considerations in 7 cases].

PMID- 3365313
TI  - [Gastric perforation in the neonatal period].

PMID- 3365314
TI  - [Leishmaniasis in Mexico].

PMID- 3365315
TI  - Enhancement of acoustic startle by electrical stimulation of the amygdala.
AB  - The present study demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the amygdala
      enhanced the acoustic startle response. A 25-ms train of 0.1-ms pulses initiated
      5 ms before the onset of a 20-ms noise burst significantly increased startle at
      currents from 40 to 400 microA. Electrode placements just medial to the amygdala
      (in the pathway connecting the amygdala to the brain stem) increased startle with
      the lowest currents. Startle was also increased in all animals with stimulation
      in the central, medial, and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala. Stimulation in
      areas surrounding the amygdaloid complex was ineffective. In a second experiment,
      paired pulses with interpulse intervals between 0.1 and 20.0 ms delivered to the
      amygdala demonstrated that the stimulated axons had a distribution of refractory
      periods between 0.6 and 1.0 ms. This suggests that the population of neurons
      which subserves the enhancement of acoustic startle is fairly homogeneous and has
      small, myelinated axons.

PMID- 3365316
TI  - Reflex facilitation of the nictitating membrane response remains after cerebellar
      lesions.
AB  - Reflex facilitation and associated properties were investigated during classical
      conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) response in rabbit. In the first
      experiment, the role of the cerebellum was examined by comparing the
      unconditioned responses of animals with bilateral lesions of the deep cerebellar
      nuclei with those of operated controls during counterbalanced tone/light (T/L)
      discrimination training. Both T and L facilitated unconditioned NM responses when
      used as the CS+ (conditioned stimulus), but neither facilitated when used as the
      CS-. There were no significant differences in the amount of reflex facilitation
      exhibited by animals with lesions compared with control animals. Animals with
      lesions, however, failed to acquire conditioned responses after 10 days of
      training, whereas all control animals met acquisition criterion within 4 days. In
      the second experiment, reflex facilitation was shown to decrement in a stimulus
      specific manner when nonreinforced presentations of an auditory stimulus were
      given. The discussion of results focuses on the relation between reflex
      facilitation and classical conditioning in terms of behavioral properties and
      underlying neural systems.

PMID- 3365317
TI  - Variations in human corpus callosum do not predict gender: a study using magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Controversy exists in the neuropsychological literature concerning the existence
      of gender-associated differences in cognitive functioning and in hemispheric
      lateralization of cognitive functions. A recent study, based on 14 brains
      obtained at autopsy, reported sex differences in the splenium of the human corpus
      callosum and suggested that the larger splenium in females reflects less
      hemispheric lateralization, or "specialization," than the male brain for
      visuospatial functions. Our measurements of the human corpus callosum using
      magnetic resonance images of 37 living subjects failed to confirm reported sex
      differences in the splenium. A marginally significant sex-related difference in
      minimum body width and an age-related decrease in anteroposterior distance were
      found. Most striking were the large variations in callosal size and shape among
      individuals regardless of age or gender. Existing knowledge of the functions of
      the corpus callosum does not permit correlations between variations in callosal
      size and shape and variations in cognitive functions.

PMID- 3365318
TI  - State dependent learning and morphine tolerance.
AB  - On the basis of a Pavlovian conditioning analysis of morphine tolerance, cues
      signaling the systemic effects of morphine come to elicit conditional
      pharmacological responses that attenuate the effect of the drug. Experiments were
      conducted to evaluate the relevance of this analysis to recent reports that
      morphine-experienced rats, anesthetized with pentobarbital prior to a final test
      injection of morphine, do not display the analgesic tolerance seen in
      nonanesthetized rats. It was hypothesized that such pentobarbital blockage of
      morphine tolerance represents an instance of state-dependent learning: the
      barbiturate alters predrug cues so that the final, barbiturate-signaled morphine
      administration is presented in the context of different signals than those
      accompanying pretest administrations of the opiate. Results of the present
      experiments confirmed the finding that pentobarbital interferes with the
      expression of morphine tolerance in rats that had not previously received
      barbiturate-opiate pairings. In addition, the results supported the state
      dependency interpretation of this interference: Rats that had pretest
      administrations of morphine signaled by pentobarbital, as well as the test
      administration, displayed substantial morphine tolerance. Moreover, if pretest
      morphine administrations were signaled by pentobarbital, omission of the
      barbiturate cue on the test session attenuated tolerance.

PMID- 3365319
TI  - Conditional analgesia, defensive freezing, and benzodiazepines.
AB  - When rats are placed in a situation that has come to be associated with footshock
      through the process of Pavlovian conditioning, they react with the species
      specific defensive response of freezing and a reduction in sensitivity to painful
      stimulation. In the present experiments, the effects of three benzodiazepines on
      both of these responses were examined. Pain sensitivity was measured with the
      formalin test. Concurrent observations of formalin-induced recuperative behavior
      and freezing were recorded while the animals were in the presence of shock
      associated contextual stimuli. It was found that midazolam (Experiments 1 and 2),
      chlordiazepoxide (Experiment 3), and diazepam (Experiment 4) were capable of
      significantly attenuating the conditional analgesia. Midazolam and diazepam also
      reduced the freezing response. The finding that these anxiolytic agents attenuate
      both conditional responses suggests that the freezing and analgesia are mediated
      by a common fearlike process.

PMID- 3365320
TI  - Morphine influences on classical aversive conditioned heart rate in rats.
AB  - The present series of three experiments was concerned with the effects of
      morphine and the morphine antagonist naloxone on the development of a classical
      aversive heart rate (HR) conditioned response (CR) to a tone conditioned stimulus
      (CS) paired with an electric shock unconditioned stimulus (US). In the first
      study, separate groups of rats received preconditioning sc injections of either
      0.25 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg of morphine. Three other groups were given 0.1
      mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg of naloxone alone. All of the morphine groups showed
      attenuation HR responses to the CS on preconditioning CS-alone trials. During
      conditioning, the 10-mg/kg morphine group showed a markedly decremented
      bradycardia CR and tachycardia unconditioned response (UR), whereas the 5-mg/kg
      morphine group showed a normal CR in combination with a decremented UR. Naloxone
      had no measurable effects on HR. In the second study, naloxone (1 mg/kg) given
      after conditioning failed to reverse the CR and UR losses produced by 10 mg/kg of
      morphine given prior to conditioning. Administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine
      produced only a minor reduction in a HR CR established in a drug-free state, but
      the tachycardia UR was severely reduced. The results of the third study showed
      that 1 mg/kg of naloxone was effective in reversing analgesia induced by 10 mg/kg
      of morphine, as indexed by the tail-flick test. Taken together, the results
      suggest that the 10-mg/kg dose of morphine interfered with the learning of a HR
      CR, perhaps principally by reducing the aversive or emotional consequences of the
      shock US. Direct cardiovascular effects of morphine seemed to interfere with the
      performance of the tachycardia UR, but not with the performance of the
      bradycardia CR.

PMID- 3365321
TI  - Temporal factors influence recovery of function after embryonic brain tissue
      transplants in adult rats with frontal cortex lesions.
AB  - Adult rats with lesions of the medial frontal cortex received implants of frontal
      cortex taken from embryos on the 19th day of gestation and placed directly into
      the zone of injury at 7, 14, 30, or 60 days after initial surgery. Another group
      was given bilateral frontal lesions, followed 20 days later by a second small
      lesion to enhance the release of putative neurotrophic factors. They then
      received transplants 7 days after this second operation. All rats began
      postoperative training on a spatial alternation learning task within 4 days after
      the implants of fetal tissue. The brain-damaged rats with transplants at 7 or 14
      days after surgery significantly improved postoperative acquisition of spatial
      alternation. Transplants made 30 or 60 days postoperatively had no effect; these
      groups were as impaired as those with lesions alone. The animals given a second,
      "priming" lesion after a 20-day delay, followed by implants of fetal brain
      tissue, performed as poorly as the group with frontal cortex lesions alone.

PMID- 3365323
TI  - Medial septal lesions disrupt spatial mapping ability in rats.
AB  - Rats with lesions of the medial septum were more likely to begin swimming in the
      wrong direction, swim farther, and, therefore, require more time to find a
      platform hidden in a Morris water tank than were control rats. Although the
      performance of the rats with medial septal lesions did improve over trials, their
      asymptotic performance also failed to equal that of the controls. Movement of the
      platform to a new position in the tank disrupted the performance of both groups,
      and, again, the rats with medial septal lesions were slower to locate the moved
      platform. However, this deficit was completely eliminated when a visual cue
      indicating the location of the moved platform was introduced. We suggest that
      these data indicate that damage to the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection
      system produces a deficit in the formation or utilization of a spatial map
      (reference memory) that represents the location of a place with respect to the
      surrounding distal cues.

PMID- 3365322
TI  - Medial amygdaloid lesions and the regulation of sociosexual behavioral patterns
      across the estrous cycle in female golden hamsters.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to examine the behavioral effects of medial
      amygdaloid (M) lesions during the estrous cycle in female golden hamsters. In
      Experiment 1, males were paired with gonadally intact M-lesioned, sham-operated,
      or ovariectomized M-lesioned females and tested in large enclosures. Medial
      amygdaloid lesions reduced, significantly, the occurrence of precopulatory biting
      attack and vaginal scent-marking behavior in females. In contrast, M lesions
      produced a significant increase in the duration of copulation. Mating behavior
      was also observed for a brief period of time in 1 M-lesioned female during the
      diestrus period and in 2 ovariectomized animals. After copulation, M-lesioned
      females attacked their mating partner less frequently than did sham-lesioned
      animals, which suggests that M lesions may modulate the reduction of both pre-
      and postcopulatory aggressive behavior by common processes. The attenuation in
      aggressive responsiveness was further documented in Experiment 2, which shows
      that during intrasexual fights, M-lesioned females exhibited significantly fewer
      offensive agonistic responses than did sham-operated opponents. Collectively, the
      results demonstrate that M lesions produce significant alterations in both social
      and sexual response patterns and suggest that M may be a neural component of a
      forebrain inhibitory system regulating the display of feminine copulatory
      behavior.

PMID- 3365324
TI  - Mediodorsal thalamic lesions impair radial maze performance in the rat.
AB  - The role of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) in spatial memory processes was
      assessed. Animals were preoperatively trained on an 8-arm maze placed in a
      visually deprived environment. Following 50 acquisition trials, one group
      received bilateral electrolytic lesion of the MD thalamus, whereas the other
      group received sham lesions. On postoperative tests of radial maze performance,
      MD lesioned animals made significantly more errors, made more errors sooner, and
      emitted fewer correct responses before making an error than did sham controls.
      The lesioned subjects also exhibited considerable perseveration immediately
      postoperation and developed response patterning on postlesion trials. Lesions of
      the mediodorsal thalamus may fundamentally compromise memory systems and alter
      ability to respond appropriately in a minimally cued environment.

PMID- 3365325
TI  - Motor activity changes following cerebral ischemia in gerbils are correlated with
      the degree of neuronal degeneration in hippocampus.
AB  - Cerebral ischemia was induced in Mongolian gerbils by bilateral occlusion of the
      carotid arteries. Subsequent histological assessment revealed neuronal
      degeneration in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. A functional behavioral change
      was reflected in an elevation of motor activity compared with sham-operated
      animals. The degree of hippocampal damage was positively correlated with the
      increase in motor activity. It is concluded that alterations in both measures
      result from the interruption of blood flow to the brain but may be brought about
      by different mechanisms.

PMID- 3365326
TI  - Magnesium deficiency alters aggressive behavior and catecholamine function.
AB  - Magnesium is an abundant mineral in the brain and is important for monoamine
      neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor binding. It should, therefore, have
      behavior-altering effects. Three experiments were conducted to determine the
      influence of magnesium deficiencies on aggressive behavior and catecholamine
      function in mice. There were concentration- and time-dependent reductions in
      offensive aggressive behavior with magnesium deficiencies. Defensive behavior was
      affected in a manner opposite to that of offensive behavior. Upon administration
      of low doses of apomorphine and l-amphetamine, less dopamine- and norepinephrine
      related behavior occurred with less magnesium in the diet. These reductions also
      showed a time dependency. These data demonstrate that magnesium has an influence
      on aggressive behavior in mice. Also, a magnesium deficiency is capable of
      altering the potency of catecholamine stimulating drugs.

PMID- 3365327
TI  - Double-blind versus deceptive administration of a placebo.
AB  - Subjects were given varying doses of a placebo, consisting of decaffeinated
      coffee, with double-blind or deceptive instructions. Deceptive administration
      simulated clinical situations in that subjects were led to believe that they were
      receiving an active drug. In contrast, subjects in double-blind conditions were
      aware that they might receive a placebo. Double-blind and deceptive
      administration of the placebo produced different, and in some instances, opposite
      effects on pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and subjective mood. Deceptive
      administration produced an increase in pulse rate, whereas double-blind
      administration did not. A theoretically predicted curvilinear effect on systolic
      blood pressure, alertness, tension, and certainty of having consumed caffeine was
      confirmed with deceptive administration, but not with double-blind
      administration. Double-blind administration produced curves in the opposite
      direction on each of these variables. The effects of the placebo on motor
      performance varied as a function of subject's beliefs about the effects of
      caffeine. These data challenge the validity of double-blind experimental designs
      and suggest that this common method of drug assessment may lead to spurious
      conclusions.

PMID- 3365328
TI  - Hemoglobins of reptiles. The primary structure of the major and minor hemoglobin
      component of adult Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii).
AB  - Red blood cells of adult Western Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) contain
      two hemoglobin components: HbA (alpha A2 beta 2) and HbD (alpha D2 beta 2). We
      present the complete amino-acid sequences of the alpha A-chains from the major
      component and of the beta-chains common to both components. Structural features
      are discussed with respect to the animals extreme tolerance of severe hypoxic
      conditions during hibernation which is accompanied by a high oxygen affinity of
      the hemoglobin. The strong ATP dependence of Western Painted Turtle hemoglobin
      oxygen affinity is contrasted by the loss of one ATP-binding site, beta 143(H21)
      Arg----Leu. The primary structure of the beta-chains excludes an allosteric
      control mechanism by hydrogencarbonate as it was found in crocodiles. Except in
      turtles a hemoglobin pattern with HbA and HbD sharing the same beta-subunits has
      been found only in birds. In comparison to other vertebrate hemoglobins there is
      a surprising similarity of the sequences to those of bird hemoglobins. alpha A-
      as well as alpha D-chains show larger homologies to chains of the same type in
      different species than alpha A- and alpha D-chains to each other in the same
      species. This indicates a duplication of the alpha-gene preceding the divergence
      of turtles and birds.

PMID- 3365329
TI  - Kinetic studies on arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase from rat basophilic leukemia
      cells.
AB  - Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase of a 10,000 x g supernatant from RBL-1 cell
      homogenate was studied by a continuous assay measuring enzyme-catalysed oxygen
      consumption. Parallel HPLC and TLC analysis of arachidonic acid metabolites
      revealed that the oxygen consumption measured is solely due to 5-lipoxygenation
      of arachidonic acid. Oxygen consumption by this lipoxygenase was strictly
      dependent upon Ca2+, ATP and 5-HPETE. Removal of any of these three cofactors
      caused a complete inhibition of enzyme activity. Addition of the missing cofactor
      instantly restored the 5-lipoxygenase-dependent consumption of oxygen which
      remained linear for 10-20 s. Later on the velocity of the reaction decreased and
      after 2-3 min the enzyme became inactivated. Kinetic data were obtained from the
      initial velocity of the reaction using constant and saturating concentrations of
      CaCl2 and ATP. From Lineweaver-Burk plots substrate inhibition is evident for
      arachidonic acid concentrations greater than 45-50 microM. Km(app) for
      arachidonic acid is 182 +/- 16 microM (mean +/- SD, n = 5) and Vmax(app) is 425
      +/- 140 nmol O2/(min x mg protein) (mean +/- SD, n = 5).

PMID- 3365331
TI  - Isolation, characterization and N-terminal amino-acid sequence of rabbit
      transferrin.
AB  - Rabbit serum transferrin has been isolated and purified by ion-exchange column
      and high-performance liquid chromatography. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of
      32 residues was determined by automatic Edman degradation in a liquid phase
      sequenator. Of the first twelve residues sequenced previously three
      identifications were corrected. Comparison with the known transferrin sequences
      shows 15 common amino-acid residues. Comparison to human serum transferrin
      revealed that 37% of amino-acid residues were exchanged. Cys9 and Cys19 which are
      supposed to be involved in disulphide bridges, are conserved.

PMID- 3365330
TI  - Manual N-terminal microsequencing of proteins electroeluted from polyacrylamide
      gel slices.
AB  - A simple and rapid procedure for preparation of proteins for manual
      microsequencing using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis is described.
      The procedure involves pre-electrophoretic labeling of the protein amino groups
      with a coloured Edman reagent, disk electrophoresis for purification or
      fractionation of the proteins, and reversed electrophoretic transfer of the
      separated protein from gel slices into a small volume of buffer (100 to 150
      microliter) using a discontinuous conductivity gradient to recover the proteins.
      The pre-electrophoretic labeling facilitates location of the separated proteins
      in the gel and the monitoring of their complete electroelution. The isolated
      proteins are separated from excess of salts by acetone precipitation and solvent
      partitioning in pyridine/water (1:1) and subjected to manual DABITC/PITC
      degradation.

PMID- 3365332
TI  - [Changes in liver enzyme values in the course of 36-hour alcohol intake].

PMID- 3365333
TI  - [Behavior of blood acid-base equilibrium during and after alcohol consumption].

PMID- 3365334
TI  - [Acetone and isopropanol concentration of blood in relation to acute and chronic
      alcoholism].

PMID- 3365335
TI  - A new device for testing cognitive-psychomotor functions. A line tracking
      apparatus (LTA) by R. Amrein. A comparative study.

PMID- 3365336
TI  - Fixed-tissue micrographic surgery for melanoma of the ear.
AB  - Auricular melanoma poses two primary problems: eradicating the primary neoplasm
      and managing potential satellites; both must be solved without spilling the
      highly transplantable cells. A secondary problem is the need to spare the
      cartilaginous framework that gives shape to the ear. With fixed-tissue
      micrographic surgery, all incisions are made through fixed (killed) tissue as
      successive layers of tissue are conservatively removed for microscopic scanning
      of their undersurfaces by the systematic use of frozen sections. Because no
      incisions are made through live tissue, no melanoma cells are spilled during the
      excision of the neoplasm and its "silent" outgrowths. Satellites too small to be
      seen are not moved or disturbed and can be removed as they appear. The
      reliability of the method is indicated by a five-year cure rate of 75% in a
      series of 17 patients.

PMID- 3365337
TI  - Blepharoplasty. Avoiding plastic eyelids.
AB  - The goal of a facial plastic surgeon should be to correct the undesirable
      conditions for which he has been consulted and to avoid leaving his mark on the
      patient. By embracing the concept that prevention is better than cure, it is
      generally possible to avoid the "operated-on look" following cosmetic surgery. We
      describe a number of safeguards we use to preserve natural-looking eyes following
      lower lid blepharoplasty in men and women. The most common, permanent
      complication described following conventional lower lid blepharoplasty is the
      round eye. The condition is readily identified by an increase in scleral show
      between the limbus and lower lash margin. Closer evaluation will reveal
      inferomedial displacement of the lateral commissure, increased slope of the
      lateral third of each eyelid, a flattened, unanimated, pretarsal component, and
      an unnatural infralash crease produced by the healed incisional scar. These
      findings are one step short of ectropion; therefore, the methods herein described
      should help reduce the incidence of this more dreaded and serious complication of
      blepharoplasty.

PMID- 3365338
TI  - Cochlear blood flow. The effect of six hours of noise exposure.
AB  - The effect of six hours of high-frequency, high-intensity noise exposure on
      cochlear blood flow (CoBF) was investigated in adult gerbils. The CoBF was
      measured by microsphere-surface preparation methods. Intracardiac injection of
      the microspheres (diameter, 11.1 microns; Dupont/New England Nuclear Research
      Products, Boston) was performed in the last few minutes of the sixth hour of
      continuous noise exposure, and reference blood was withdrawn from the iliac
      artery at a rate of 0.165 mL/min. The number of microspheres in the investigated
      tissue was assessed by direct counting under a microscope. The number of
      microspheres in the reference blood was counted by a Coulter counter. These
      experiments have shown that CoBF at the end of six hours of continuous noise
      exposure does not significantly differ from the CoBF in control animals.

PMID- 3365340
TI  - Dabblers in head and neck oncology.

PMID- 3365339
TI  - Atypical mycobacteria-induced cervical adenitis. Treatment by needle aspiration.
AB  - Atypical mycobacteria are among the most frequent causes of cervical adenitis.
      These unilateral nodes seldom present a treatment problem since surgical excision
      is curative. Occasionally, however, the affected cervical node lies adjacent to
      the facial nerve and/or its marginal mandibular branch. There can be a
      substantial risk of damage to the facial nerve and its branches in excision of
      such an infected mass with surrounding edema and cellulitis. An alternative and
      safe method of treatment in these cases is needle aspiration of the contents of
      mass. Of 17 cases of atypical mycobacteria-induced cervical adenitis seen at UCLA
      from 1975 to 1985, nine were treated by aspiration alone. None of these required
      further surgery. All were treated with one or more antituberculous agents during
      and after aspiration. This method of needle decompression of cervical nodes
      provides a safe and effective way to treat atypical mycobacteria infection that
      overlies the facial nerve and its branches.

PMID- 3365341
TI  - The incidence of acoustic neuromas.

PMID- 3365342
TI  - Effects of pentoxifylline on experimental skin flap survival.

PMID- 3365343
TI  - Effects of pentoxifylline on the survival of skin flaps.

PMID- 3365344
TI  - Acute traumatic tympanic membrane perforation.

PMID- 3365345
TI  - A piper's warning.

PMID- 3365346
TI  - Nifedipine in the treatment of distal esophageal food impaction.

PMID- 3365347
TI  - Oral cancer: causative agent and diagnostic 'tool' in the same package.

PMID- 3365348
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Low-grade, encapsulated follicular carcinoma.

PMID- 3365349
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Papillary carcinoma, follicular variant.

PMID- 3365350
TI  - Skeletal scintigraphy and physical examination in the staging of early breast
      cancer.
AB  - The significance of skeletal scintigraphy in staging of early breast cancer is
      still controversial. The results of bone scanning with 99Tcm diphosphonate and
      clinical examination in 204 patients with stage I-II breast cancer are reported.
      Bone scans were positive in 28 cases. However, only one was true positive as
      confirmed by x-ray examination and/or biopsy, with a detection rate of 0.5%.
      Physical examination had a detection rate similar to bone scan, but with superior
      specificity. In our experience bone scan cannot be recommended as a routine
      staging test in early breast cancer.

PMID- 3365351
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin in man with induced acid or alkaline urine.
AB  - The common side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment, i.e. vomiting and
      diarrhoea, would be expected to alter the pharmacokinetics of DOX in man, the
      efficacy of treatment, and further aggravate the side effects through acid/base
      disturbances. The pharmacokinetics were therefore investigated in 4 anthracycline
      naive females with advanced mammary carcinoma in 2 series of DOX monotherapy 70
      mg/m2 administered with an interval of 4 weeks between the treatments. Sequential
      loading either with acid or base was instituted 2 days before and continued for 2
      days after DOX infusion. Median urine pH was 5.0 or 8.0, and median arterial
      blood pH 7.30 or 7.43 respectively. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed by
      high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). No difference was seen between the
      acid and alkaline condition for DOX or doxorubicinol with regard to clearance
      from blood plasma, area under the curve, renal clearance, renal drug
      clearance/renal creatinine clearance. Thus moderate acid/base metabolic
      disturbances did not alter the pharmacokinetics of DOX up to 48 h after DOX
      infusion.

PMID- 3365352
TI  - Breast cancer risk in relation to serum cholesterol, serum beta-lipoprotein,
      height, weight, and blood pressure.
AB  - The relation between breast cancer risk and serum levels of cholesterol and beta
      lipoprotein (BLP), height, weight, Quetelet's index and blood pressure was
      studied in a cohort of 46,570 Swedish women less than 75 years of age. The cohort
      was examined between 1963 and 1965 and followed up in the Swedish Cancer Registry
      until 1983. During this period 1,182 cases of breast cancer were reported. Of
      those, 196 were reported among women less than 50 years of age. Statistically
      significant positive associations were observed between height, weight, and
      systolic blood pressure and breast cancer risk. No clear trend in cancer risk
      related to serum cholesterol or BLP was seen in the total material. In a stepwise
      Cox multiple regression analysis only the associations with height and blood
      pressure remained significant. Among women, having their cancer diagnosed before
      the age of 50, higher Quetelet's index was associated with a lower cancer risk,
      whereas a positive correlation was seen among women greater than or equal to 50
      years. In the group of younger women a high BLP level was associated with an
      increased risk of breast cancer. This relation became even stronger when studied
      in a multivariate analysis, which also showed a negative correlation between
      serum cholesterol and cancer risk.

PMID- 3365353
TI  - Risk of stomach cancer in association with serum cholesterol and beta
      lipoprotein.
AB  - The relation between serum levels of cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein (BLP) and
      stomach cancer risk was studied in a Swedish cohort of 92,710 individuals. The
      cohort was examined with a single measurement of cholesterol and BLP between 1963
      and 1965 and followed up in the Swedish Cancer Registry until 1983. During the
      follow-up period 576 stomach cancers were reported. The risk of stomach cancer
      was negatively correlated to serum levels of cholesterol with a relative risk
      (RR) of 0.85 for every 40 mg/dl increase of cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and
      to BLP with an RR of 0.90 for every 3 units increase of BLP (p less than 0.01)
      when analysed one at a time. In a multiple regression analysis, however, only the
      relation to cholesterol remained statistically significant. The risk association
      seemed to be most pronounced between the third and fifth years of follow-up.

PMID- 3365354
TI  - Radiation injury in a patient with unusually high sensitivity to radiation.
AB  - Radiation therapy is usually given with the assumption that interindividual
      variations in radiosensitivity are small, except for some patients with
      hereditary diseases associated with increased sensitivity. Recently, we observed
      radiation induced pericarditis in a breast carcinoma patient, in whom clinical
      signs, blood counts and chromosome analysis after in vitro irradiation of blood
      suggested a state of unusually high radiosensitivity. No evidence of
      constitutional chromosome abnormality was found in karyotypic analysis with the G
      banding technique.

PMID- 3365355
TI  - Persistent stable mediastinal widening after chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 3365356
TI  - Potential human immunodeficiency virus-host cells in human semen.

PMID- 3365357
TI  - Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an antiviral xanthate compound in vitro.
AB  - The antiviral xanthate compound tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (code name D609)
      is capable of inhibiting DNA and RNA viruses in vitro. It can also inhibit the
      shedding of infectious HIV into the tissue culture medium from chronically
      infected lymphoma cells (KE37-III) as shown by infectivity assays and Western
      blots of the supernatant. HIV-specific proteins, however, were accumulated
      intracellularly. The initiation of a de novo HIV replication after infection of
      permissive KE37-1 cells was completely inhibited at concentrations of D609 which
      still permitted mitotic divisions of the cells. Furthermore, the selective
      antiviral activity of the xanthate compound was evidenced by the absence of HIV
      replicative intermediate DNA. The expression of cellular genes, such as c-myc,
      remained unimpaired within these cells.

PMID- 3365358
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus-associated disorders in Pakistan.
AB  - We have documented evidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
      in four individuals including a blood donor and three members of a family
      (husband, wife, and a child) in Karachi, Pakistan. Our data indicate that HIV has
      been transmitted to the wife of the seropositive male, a drug abuser, in the
      recent past and that she has passed the virus to her newborn child
      perinatally/transplacentally. The two seropositive males (blood donor and drug
      abuser) were diagnosed clinically as having persistent generalized
      lymphadenopathy, an AIDS-related condition (ARC), and the child presented with
      developmental disorders and neurologic manifestations. This is the first report
      of AIDS/ARC cases from Pakistan that can be directly related to HIV infection and
      its heterosexual transmission.

PMID- 3365359
TI  - Lysis of human immunodeficiency virus infected cells by TPA-type and non-TPA type
      tumor promoters.
AB  - We reported previously that TPA facilitates the replication of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has a selective lethal effect on HIV-infected
      cells by a cytopathic effect induced by HIV. We have now studied the cytopathic
      effects of TPA-type tumor promoters (teleocidin, aplysiatoxin, and TPA) and the
      non-TPA type tumor promoters (palytoxin and thapsigargin) on MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB
      cells. All TPA-type and non-TPA type tumor promoters tested except palytoxin
      stimulated in HIV production three- to sevenfold, and caused more lysis of MOLT
      4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells than of the parental MOLT-4 cells. Fifty percent of the MOLT
      4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells were killed by teleocidin, aplysiatoxin, TPA and
      thapsigargin at concentrations of 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 10 ng/ml respectively, and by
      palytoxin at the very low concentration of 2.0 pg/ml. Moreover, combinations of
      one TPA-type tumor promoter and one non-TPA type tumor promoter--but not the
      combination of two TPA-type tumor promoters--had additive lethal effects,
      supporting the idea that TPA-type and non-TPA type tumor promoters exert their
      cytolytic effects by different mechanisms. These latter effects may be due to
      production of prostaglandin E2, which is commonly induced by both types of tumor
      promoters.

PMID- 3365360
TI  - Symposium on the assessment of myocardial function.

PMID- 3365361
TI  - Histology of the postischaemic myocardium and its relation to left ventricular
      function.
AB  - The relation between the histology of the myocardium and left ventricular
      function was studied in 23 dogs submitted to 90 min of coronary artery occlusion
      followed by reperfusion for up to 1 week. It was shown that 32% of the perfusion
      area of the occluded coronary artery was irreversibly damaged. There was,
      however, no significant correlation between the decrease in left ventricular
      function (ejection fraction assessed by angiography) and the extent of myocardial
      necrosis. Upon reperfusion, salvage of 68% of the perfusion area of the occluded
      vessel was obtained. Viability of the myocardium in this area was demonstrated by
      electron microscopy. However, postischaemic regional function was completely lost
      in the first 24 h, in spite of this considerable amount of viable tissue.
      Nevertheless, regional function recovered after 1 week of reperfusion, which
      suggests a stunned myocardium in the early postischaemic phase. These results
      show that histological examination of postischaemic tissue has prognostic value
      in terms of recovery of function, but a direct correlation between structure and
      function does not exist in the early reperfusion phase.

PMID- 3365362
TI  - Principles underlying the assessment of ventricular and myocardial work and power
      capacity.

PMID- 3365363
TI  - Nitric oxide adducts of the binuclear iron site of hemerythrin: spectroscopy and
      reactivity.
AB  - Nitric oxide forms adducts with the binuclear iron site of hemerythrin (Hr) at
      [Fe(II),Fe(II)]deoxy and [Fe(II),Fe(III)]semimet oxidation levels. With deoxyHr
      our results establish that (i) NO binds reversibly, forming a complex which we
      label deoxyHrNO, (ii) NO forms a similar but distinct complex in the presence of
      fluoride, which we label deoxyHrFNO, (iii) NO is directly coordinated to one iron
      atom of the binuclear pair in these adducts, most likely in a bent end-on
      fashion, and (iv) the iron atoms in the binuclear sites of both deoxyHrNO and
      deoxyHrFNO are antiferromagnetically coupled, thereby generating unique electron
      paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detectable species. The novel EPR signal of
      deoxyHrNO (deoxyHrFNO) with g[[ = 2.77 (2.58) and g = 1.84 (1.80) is explained by
      the magnetic interaction of the Fe(II) (S' = 2) and [FeNO]7 (S = 3/2) centers
      observed by Mossbauer spectroscopy. Antiferromagnetic coupling leads to a ground
      state of Seff = 1/2. Analysis of the EPR parameters using the isotropic spin
      exchange Hamiltonian, Hex = 2JS3/2.S2, and including zero-field splitting leads
      to a coupling constant, -J approximately 23 cm-1, for deoxyHrNO. The resonance
      Raman spectrum of deoxyHrNO shows features at 433 and 421 cm-1 that shift
      downward with 15N16O and that are assigned to stretching and bending modes,
      respectively, of the [FeNO]7 unit. Sensitivity of the bending mode to D2O
      suggests that bound NO participates in hydrogen bonding. We propose that the
      terminal oxygen atom of NO is hydrogen bonded to the proton of the mu-hydroxo
      bridge in the Fe-(OH)-Fe unit. A bent Fe-N-O geometry is supported by
      spectroscopic and structural comparisons to synthetic complexes and is consistent
      with a limiting [FeII,FeIIINO-] formulation for deoxyHrNO. Reversibility of NO
      binding to deoxyHr is demonstrated by bleaching of the optical and EPR spectra of
      deoxyHrNO upon additions of excess N3- or CNO-. DeoxyHrNO undergoes autoxidation
      under anaerobic conditions over the course of several hours. The product of this
      autoxidation appears to be an EPR-silent NO adduct of semimetHr. The formal one
      electron oxidations of the binuclear iron site of deoxyHr by NO and by HNO2 can
      conceivably occur with no net change in charge on the iron site. In contrast,
      autoxidation of oxy- to metHr requires a change in net charge on the iron site,
      which may provide a kinetic barrier.

PMID- 3365364
TI  - Precipitation of galactose-specific lectins by complex-type oligosaccharides and
      glycopeptides: studies with lectins from Ricinus communis (agglutinin I),
      Erythrina indica, Erythrina arborescens, Abrus precatorius (agglutinin), and
      Glycine max (soybean).
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that certain oligomannose and bisected hybrid type
      glycopeptides and bisected complex type oligosaccharides are bivalent for binding
      to concanavalin A and can precipitate the lectin [Bhattacharyya, L., Ceccarini,
      C., Lorenzoni, P., & Brewer, C.F. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1288-1293;
      Bhattacharyya, L., Haraldsson, M., & Brewer, C.F. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1294
      1299]. The present results show that tri- and tetraantennary complex type
      oligosaccharides containing nonreducing terminal galactose residues, and a
      related triantennary glycopeptide, precipitate the D-galactose-specific lectins
      from Ricinus communis (agglutinin I) (RCA-I), Erythrina indica (EIL), Erythrina
      arborescens (EAL), and Glycine max (soybean) (SBA). Nonbisected and bisected
      biantennary complex type oligosaccharides can precipitate SBA, which is a
      tetrameric lectin, but not RCA-I, EIL, or EAL, which are dimeric lectins. The
      relative affinities of the oligosaccharides and glycopeptide were determined by
      hemagglutination inhibition measurements and their valencies by quantitative
      precipitin analyses. The equivalence points of the precipitin curves indicate
      that the tri- and tetraantennary oligosaccharides are tri- and tetravalent,
      respectively, for EIL, EAL, and SBA binding. However, the oligosaccharides are
      all trivalent for RCA-I binding due apparently to the larger size of the
      monomeric subunit of the lectin. The triantennary glycopeptide was also trivalent
      for RCA-I and EIL binding. Biantennary oligosaccharides with adequate chain
      lengths were found to be bivalent for binding to SBA; those with shorter chains
      did not precipitate the lectin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365365
TI  - Asymmetry of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in solution.
AB  - The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus crystallizes as a
      symmetrical dimer with each subunit having a complete active site. The enzyme
      substrate complexes, however, are known to be asymmetrical in solution because
      the enzyme exhibits half-of-the-sites activity by binding tightly only 1 mol of
      tyrosine or 1 mol of tyrosyl adenylate per mole of dimer. Evidence is now
      presented that the unligated enzyme is also asymmetrical in solution. Symmetry
      was investigated by construction of heterodimers containing one full-length
      subunit and one truncated subunit, allowing the introduction of different
      mutations into each monomer. Each dimer is active at only one site, but the site
      used is randomly distributed between the subunits. Each heterodimer thus consists
      of two equal populations, one activating tyrosine at a full-length subunit and
      the other at the truncated subunit. No detectable interconversion is found
      between active and inactive sites over several minutes either in the absence of
      substrates or when the enzyme is turning over in the steady state. Kinetic
      evidence implies that wild-type enzyme is inherently asymmetrical even in the
      absence of substrate.

PMID- 3365366
TI  - Transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine in erythrocytes: inhibition of
      transport and preferential labeling of a 31,000-dalton protein by sulfhydryl
      reactive reagents.
AB  - A series of labeled thiolation reagents were synthesized on the basis of the
      parent structure pyridyldithioethylamine (PDA). These compounds specifically and
      reversibly inhibit the active intrabilayer transport of phosphatidylserine (PS)
      in human red blood cells. The binding of PDA to cells can be quantified since the
      thiol-disulfide exchange reaction yields a chromophore. In addition, the presence
      of a primary amine makes it amenable to derivatization with a variety of
      compounds. An iodinated derivative of PDA preferentially labeled a 31,000-dalton
      red blood cell peptide. The labeled component, which may represent the PS
      transporter, comigrated with integral membrane protein band 7.

PMID- 3365367
TI  - Molecular order and dynamics in planar lipid bilayers: effects of unsaturation
      and sterols.
AB  - Angle-resolved fluorescence depolarization experiments were carried out on 1,6
      diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and 1-[4-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene (TMA-DPH) molecules embedded in macroscopically oriented multilayers
      of saturated [dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)] and unsaturated
      [palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC),
      dilineoylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), plant digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG)] lipids
      with and without cholesterol. In all the lipid systems studied the order
      parameter (P2) of TMA-DPH molecules was found to be higher than that for DPH.
      Considerations of the order parameter (P4), however, indicate that DPH molecules
      have a heterogeneous distribution in bilayers of unsaturated lipids, with a
      significant fraction of the molecules lying with their long axes parallel to the
      bilayer planes. Both the DPH and TMA-DPH molecules exhibit a decrease in the
      molecular order as well as a decrease in their rates of motion on increasing the
      unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chains. The addition of cholesterol tends to
      reverse this effect, with an increase in both the order and dynamics. Bilayers of
      DOPC, however, exhibit a somewhat different result. It is suggested that the
      discrepancies between these observations and findings with lipid vesicle systems
      simply reflect the effects of curvature on the behavior of the probe molecules.
      The results indicate that the concept of membrane fluidity must be used with
      great caution.

PMID- 3365368
TI  - Effect of calcium on kinetic and structural aspects of dilution-induced micellar
      to lamellar phase transformation in phosphatidylcholine-cholate mixtures.
AB  - Previously, we have shown [Almog, S., Kushnir, T., Nir, S., & Lichtenberg, D.
      (1986) Biochemistry 25, 2597-2605] that the distribution of cholate between
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles and aqueous media apparently obeys a single
      distribution coefficient, K. In PC-cholate mixed micellar systems, the monomer
      concentration does not rise much above the cholate's critical micelle
      concentration (cmc). Consequently, for vesicular systems, the cholate:PC molar
      ratio in the mixed aggregates (Re) is given by Re = [cholate]/([PC] + 1/K)
      whereas for mixed micellar systems Re = ([cholate] - cmc)/[PC]. Dilution of mixed
      micellar systems results in a decrease of Re, due to an increase in the fraction
      of monomeric PC. If the decrease in Re is to values lower than 0.3, micellar to
      lamellar transformation occurs. This process involves a sequence of three steps,
      namely, micellar equilibration followed by vesiculation and subsequent vesicle
      size growth via a lipid transfer mechanism. The ultimate size of the resultant
      vesicles is an increasing function of Re. This work is devoted to the effect of
      calcium on the dilution-induced vesicle formation. Its major findings and
      conclusions are as follows: (i) Calcium reduces the cmc of the detergent and
      raises its distribution coefficient between PC vesicles and the aqueous medium.
      Thus, for any given cholate and PC concentrations, calcium causes an increase of
      Re. (ii) The rate of all the steps which ultimately lead to an apparent
      equilibrium vesicle size distribution increases dramatically with increasing
      calcium concentration. Thus, equilibration is attained in seconds to minutes
      rather than many hours required in the absence of calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365369
TI  - Thermotropic phase behavior of model membranes composed of phosphatidylcholines
      containing cis-monounsaturated acyl chain homologues of oleic acid: differential
      scanning calorimetric and 31P NMR spectroscopic studies.
AB  - The thermotropic phase behavior of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and six of its
      longer chain homologues was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Aqueous dispersions of these
      compounds all exhibit a single endotherm upon heating but upon cooling exhibit at
      least two exotherms, both of which occur at temperatures lower than those of
      their heating endotherm. The single transition observed upon heating was shown by
      31P NMR spectroscopy to be a net conversion from a condensed, subgel-like phase
      (Lc phase) to the liquid-crystalline state. Aqueous ethylene glycol dispersions
      of these compounds also exhibit single endotherms upon heating and cooling
      exotherms centered at temperatures lower than those of their corresponding
      heating endotherm. However, the behavior of the aqueous ethylene glycol
      dispersions differs with respect to their transition temperatures and enthalpies
      as well as the extent of "undercooling" observed, and there is some evidence of
      discontinuities in the cooling behavior of the odd- and even-numbered members of
      the homologous series. Like the aqueous dispersions, 31P NMR spectroscopy also
      shows that the calorimetric events observed in aqueous ethylene glycol involve
      net interconversions between an Lc-like phase and the liquid-crystalline state.
      However, the Lc phase formed in aqueous ethylene glycol dispersions exhibits a
      considerably broader powder pattern than that observed in water. This, together
      with the fact that the transition enthalpies of the aqueous ethylene glycol
      dispersions are considerably higher than those of the aqueous dispersions,
      indicates that these lipids form more ordered Lc phases in aqueous ethylene
      glycol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365370
TI  - Comparison of the crystal and solution structures of calmodulin and troponin C.
AB  - X-ray solution scattering data from skeletal muscle troponin C and from
      calmodulin have been measured. Modeling studies based on the crystal structure
      coordinates for these proteins show discrepancies between the solution data and
      the crystal structure that indicate that if the size and shape of the globular
      domains are the same in solution as in the crystal, the distances between them
      must be smaller by several angstroms. Bringing the globular domains closer
      together requires structural changes in the interconnecting helix that joins
      them.

PMID- 3365371
TI  - 1H and 31P NMR investigations of actinomycin D binding selectivity with
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing multiple adjacent d(GC) sites.
AB  - Imino proton and 31P NMR studies were conducted on the binding of actinomycin D
      (ActD) to self-complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides with adjacent 5'-GC-3'
      sites. ActD showed very high specificity for binding to GC sites regardless of
      oligomer length and surrounding sequence. For a first class of duplexes with a
      central GCGC sequence, a mixture of 1:1 complexes was observed due to the two
      different orientations of the ActD phenoxazone ring system. Analysis of 1H
      chemical shifts suggested that the favored 1:1 complex had the benzenoid side of
      the phenoxazone ring over the G base in the central base pair of the GCGC
      sequence. This is the first case in which an unsymmetrical intercalator has been
      shown to bind to DNA in both possible orientations. A unique 2:1 complex, with
      significantly different 1H and 31P chemical shifts relative to those of the 1:1
      complexes, was formed with these same oligomers, again with the benzenoid side of
      the ActD molecule over the G base of the central GC base pair. There is
      considerable anticooperativity to binding of the second ActD in a GCGC sequence.
      In titrations of oligomers with the GCGC sequence, only the two 1:1 complexes are
      found up to ratios of one ActD per oligomer. Increasing the ActD concentration,
      however, resulted in stoichiometric formation of the unique 2:1 adduct.
      Spectrophotometric binding studies indicated that the apparent binding
      equilibrium constant for a GC site adjacent to a bound site is reduced by
      approximately a factor of 20 relative to the ActD binding constant to an isolated
      GC site.

PMID- 3365373
TI  - Clotting of bovine fibrinogen. Calcium binding to fibrin during clotting and its
      dependence on release of fibrinopeptide B.
AB  - Polymerization of bovine fibrinogen acted upon by thrombin is accompanied by
      binding of Ca2+ and a concomitant decrease of the free Ca2+ concentration. The
      latter can be recorded by a Ca2+-selective electrode as a shift in the electrode
      potential. The shift shows marked dependence on the initial free Ca2+
      concentration, being maximal at about 10(-4.1) M and decreasing sharply on either
      side of this. Thus, the effect is limited to the 10(-3)-10(-5) M free Ca2+
      concentration range. From the initial and the final value of the electrode
      potential during a clotting experiment, the amount of Ca2+ bound to fibrinogen
      and fibrin, respectively, can be calculated. The difference between the two,
      plotted against free Ca2+ concentration, gives a bell-shaped curve. This
      indicates that the reason for the Ca2+ binding is a shift of the pK of some
      groups from a lower to higher value. The recordings can be used for evaluation of
      the kinetics of the Ca2+ uptake. However, they have to be corrected for the
      effect of the continuous shift in the free Ca2+ concentration during the
      experiment. The reaction does not follow simple kinetics, showing a lag period.
      Therefore, rates were estimated from inverse half-reaction times. Half-times of
      the corrected curves show that the reaction is first order with respect to
      thrombin. Moreover, the rate of Ca2+ uptake is identical with that of the
      conformational change seen in differential scanning calorimetry [Donovan, J.W., &
      Mihalyi, E. '1985) Biochemistry 24, 3434]. The inverse rate and the final
      corrected Ca2+ uptake increase linearly with the initial fibrinogen
      concentration. Concomitant estimates of fibrinopeptide A and B release showed
      that the Ca2+ uptake runs parallel to the release of fibrinopeptide B.
      Fibrinopeptide A was released largely during the lag period of the Ca2+ uptake.
      In agreement with this, clotting with Ancrod, an enzyme that liberates only
      fibrinopeptide A, was not accompanied by binding of Ca2+. Thus, polymerization is
      not sufficient for the Ca2+ uptake to occur; liberation of fibrinopeptide B seems
      to be obligatory. Further support for this was obtained with experiments with the
      polymerization inhibitor Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro. The tetrapeptide inhibits
      polymerization and also, proportional to this, release of fibrinopeptide B
      [Hurlet-Jensen, A., Cummins, H.Z., Nossel, H.L., & Liu, C.Y. (1982) Thromb. Res.
      27, 419; Lewis, S.D., Shields, P.P., & Shafer, J.A. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260,
      10192]. Calcium uptake was also depressed by the tetrapeptide in a way similar to
      its effect upon fibrinopeptide B release.

PMID- 3365372
TI  - Crystal and solution structures of the B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCAAATTTGCG) probed by
      Raman spectroscopy: heterogeneity in the crystal structure does not persist in
      the solution structure.
AB  - The self-complementary dodecamer d(CGCAAATTTGCG) crystallizes as a double helix
      of the B form and manifests a Raman spectrum with features not observed in Raman
      spectra of either DNA solutions or wet DNA fibers. A number of Raman bands are
      assigned to specific nucleoside sugar and phosphodiester conformations associated
      with this model B-DNA crystal structure. The Raman bands proposed as markers of
      the crystalline B-DNA structure are compared and contrasted with previously
      proposed markers of Z-DNA and A-DNA crystals. The results indicate that the three
      canonical forms of DNA can be readily distinguished by Raman spectroscopy.
      However, unlike Z-DNA and A-DNA, which retain their characteristic Raman
      fingerprints in aqueous solution, the B-DNA Raman spectrum is not completely
      conserved between crystal and solution states. The Raman spectra reveal greater
      heterogeneity of nucleoside conformations (sugar puckers) in the DNA molecules of
      the crystal structure than in those of the solution structure. The results are
      consistent with conversion of one-third of the dG residues from the C2'-endo/anti
      conformation in the solution structure to another conformation, deduced to be C1'
      exo/anti, in the crystal. The dodecamer crystal also exhibits unusually broad
      Raman bands at 790 and 820 cm-1, associated with the geometry of the
      phosphodiester backbone and indicating a wider range of (alpha, zeta) backbone
      torsion angles in the crystal than in the solution structure. The results suggest
      that backbone torsion angles in the CGC and GCG sequences, which flank the
      central AAATTT sequence, are significantly different for crystal and solution
      structures, the former containing the greater diversity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365374
TI  - Clotting of bovine fibrinogen. Kinetic analysis of the release of fibrinopeptides
      by thrombin and of the calcium uptake upon clotting at high fibrinogen
      concentrations.
AB  - Kinetic data on the release of fibrinopeptides A and B from bovine fibrinogen by
      human thrombin were obtained at high fibrinogen concentrations, within the 0.8
      8.8% range (0.227 X 10(-4) to 2.60 X 10(-4) M), at 25 degrees C, pH 7.26, 0.30
      ionic strength, and 10(-4) M free Ca2+ concentration. Release of fibrinopeptide A
      followed strictly first-order kinetics at all concentrations, in spite of the
      fact that the highest concentration was 26 times larger than the value of KM
      found in the literature. This behavior can be explained by inhibition of thrombin
      by the reaction products, with KI = KM. The equation describing the course of the
      reaction under these conditions can be rearranged into a linear relationship
      between 1/kobsd and substrate concentration. The slope of the line is equal to
      1/kcat and the intercept to KM/kcat. The data points fell accurately on a
      straight line, and with the parameters of the latter, kcat and KM were calculated
      as (6.3 +/- 0.11) X 10(-10) M s-1 (unit of thrombin)-1 L-1 and (11.0 +/- 3.0) X
      10(-6) M, respectively. These values agree well with those found in the
      literature. Release of fibrinopeptide B follows complex kinetics. Higgins et al.
      [Higgins, D. L., Lewis, S.D., & Shafer, J.A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9276
      9282] suggested that it can be described as the result of two consecutive
      reactions, the first one being the release of fibrinopeptide A and the second one
      of fibrinopeptide B from those molecules that have already lost fibrinopeptide A
      in the previous step.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365375
TI  - Biologically active fluorescent derivatives of spinach calmodulin that report
      calmodulin target protein binding.
AB  - Spinach calmodulin (CaM) has been labeled at cysteine-26 with the sulfhydryl
      selective probe 2-(4-maleimidoanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (MIANS) to
      produce MIANS-CaM. The interaction of MIANS-CaM with CaM binding proteins was
      studied by fluorescence enhancement accompanying the protein-protein
      interactions. MIANS-CaM bound to smooth muscle myosin light-chain kinase with a
      Kd of 9 nM, causing a 4.6-fold fluorescence enhancement. Caldesmon bound with a
      Kd of 250 nM, causing a 2-fold fluorescence enhancement. Calcineurin (CaN) bound
      to MIANS-CaM with a Kd less than 5 nM, causing an 80% increase in fluorescence.
      On the other hand, binding of the CaM antagonist drugs prenylamine and
      calmidazolium or the potent peptide antagonist melittin did not alter MIANS
      fluorescence. MIANS-CaM activated brain cGMP phosphodiesterase and CaN as
      effectively as unlabeled CaM. Spinach CaM was also labeled with three other
      sulfhydryl reagents, 6-acryloyl-2-(dimethylamino)naphthalene, (2,5-dimethoxy-4
      stilbenyl)maleimide, and rhodamine X maleimide. CaN bound to the highly
      fluorescent rhodamine X maleimidyl-CaM with a Kd of 1.4 nM, causing a 25%
      increase in polarization. Both MIANS-CaM and rhodamine X-CaM were used to monitor
      the Ca2+ dependence of the interaction between CaM and CaN. Half-maximal binding
      occurred at pCa 6.7-6.8 in the absence of Mg2+, or at pCa 6.3 in the presence of
      3 mM Mg2+. In both cases, the dependence of the interaction was cooperative with
      respect to Ca2+ (Hill coefficients of 1.7-2.0). Use of these fluorescent CaMs
      should allow accurate monitoring of CaM interactions with its target proteins and
      perhaps their localization within the cell.

PMID- 3365376
TI  - Influence of calmodulin on the human red cell membrane skeleton.
AB  - The calcium receptor calmodulin interacts with components of the human red cell
      membrane skeleton as well as with the membrane. Under physiological salt
      conditions, calmodulin has a calcium-dependent affinity for spectrin, one of the
      major components of the membrane skeleton. It is apparent from our results that
      calmodulin inhibits the ability of erythrocyte spectrin (when preincubated with
      filamentous actin) to create nucleation centers and thereby to seed actin
      polymerization. The gelation of filamentous actin induced by spectrin tetramers
      is also inhibited by calmodulin. The inhibition is calcium dependent and
      decreases with increasing pH, similar to the binding of calmodulin to spectrin.
      Direct binding studies using aqueous two-phase partition indicate that calmodulin
      interferes with the binding of actin to spectrin. Even in the presence of protein
      4.1, which is believed to stabilize the ternary complex, calmodulin has an
      inhibitory effect. Since calmodulin also inhibits the corresponding activities of
      brain spectrin (fodrin), it appears likely that calmodulin may modulate the
      organization of cytoskeletons containing actin and spectrin or spectrin
      analogues.

PMID- 3365377
TI  - Class III human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: a novel structural type
      equidistantly related to the class I and class II enzymes.
AB  - The primary structure of class III alcohol dehydrogenase (dimeric with chi
      subunits) from human liver has been determined by peptide analyses. The protein
      chain is a clearly distinct type of subunit distantly related to those of both
      human class I and class II alcohol dehydrogenases (with alpha, beta, gamma, and
      pi subunits, respectively). Disregarding a few gaps, residue differences in the
      chi protein chain with respect to beta 1 and pi occur at 139 and 140 positions,
      respectively. Compared to class I, the 373-residue chi structure has an extra
      residue, Cys after position 60, and two missing ones, the first two residues
      relative to class I, although the N-terminus is acetylated like that for those
      enzymes. The chi subunit contains two more tryptophan residues than the class I
      subunits, accounting for the increased absorbance at 280 nm. There are also four
      additional acidic and two fewer basic side chains than in the class I beta
      structure, compatible with the markedly different electrophoretic mobility of the
      class III enzyme. Residue differences between class III and the other classes
      occur with nearly equal frequency in the coenzyme-binding and catalytic domains.
      The similarity in the number of exchanges relative to that of the enzymes of the
      other two classes supports conclusions that the three classes of alcohol
      dehydrogenase reflect stages in the development of separate enzymes with distinct
      functional roles. In spite of the many exchanges, the residues critical to basic
      functional properties are either completely unchanged--all zinc ligands and space
      restricted Gly residues--or partly unchanged--residues at the coenzyme-binding
      pocket.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365378
TI  - Triosephosphate isomerase catalysis is diffusion controlled. Appendix: Analysis
      of triose phosphate equilibria in aqueous solution by 31P NMR.
AB  - The rates of the forward and reverse reactions of triosephosphate isomerase
      catalyzed by the wild-type and by a sluggish mutant enzyme have been studied in
      the absence and the presence of several viscosogenic agents. For the mutant
      enzyme, the kcat for which is some 10(3) times less than that for the wild-type
      enzyme, the value of kcat/Km with glyceraldehyde phosphate as substrate is almost
      unaffected by the presence of sucrose or glycerol, even though the concentration
      of the aldehyde form of the substrate is smaller because of hemiacetal formation.
      [The nature and relative amounts of the various forms of triose phosphate present
      in solution (free carbonyl forms, hydrates, dimers, hemiacetal adducts) have been
      evaluated by 31P NMR and are presented in the Appendix.] The viscosogenic agents
      cause the substrate to bind more tightly to the enzyme, roughly compensating for
      the lower substrate concentration. With dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrate,
      the values of kcat/Km for the mutant enzyme increase with the addition of
      viscosogenic agent, consistent with the tighter binding of substrate without (in
      this case) any concomitant loss due to hemiketal formation. These results for the
      mutant enzyme (known to be limited in rate by an enolization step in the
      catalytic mechanism) can be used to interpret the behavior of the wild-type
      enzyme. Plots of the relative values of kcat/Km for catalysis by the wild-type
      enzyme (normalized with the corresponding data for the mutant enzyme) against the
      relative viscosity have slopes close to unity, as predicted by the Stokes
      Einstein equation for a cleanly diffusive process. In the presence of polymeric
      viscosogenic additives such as poly(ethylene glycol), polyacrylamide, or ficoll,
      no effect on kcat/Km is seen for the wild-type enzyme, consistent with the
      expectation that molecular diffusion rates are unaffected by the macroviscosity
      and are only slowed by the presence of smaller agents that raise the
      microviscosity. These results show that the reaction catalyzed by the wild-type
      triosephosphate isomerase is limited by the rate at which glyceraldehyde
      phosphate encounters, or departs from, the active site.

PMID- 3365379
TI  - Immunopurification of the suppressor tRNA dependent rabbit beta-globin
      readthrough protein.
AB  - In mammalian cells, the rabbit beta-globin readthrough protein is the only known
      example of a naturally occurring readthrough protein which does not involve a
      viral system. To provide an efficient means for its isolation, detection, and
      study, we elicited specific antibodies against this unique protein. The 22 amino
      acid peptide corresponding to the readthrough portion of this protein was
      synthesized, coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and injected into sheep.
      Specific antibodies to the peptide were produced as demonstrated by the enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay technique and by immunoblotting. The antibodies did
      not react with globin. The rabbit beta-globin readthrough protein was separated
      from globin and other reticulocyte proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      and visualized by silver staining or by labeling with [35S]methionine.
      Incorporation of [35S]methionine into the readthrough protein was significantly
      enhanced upon addition of an opal suppressor tRNA to reticulocyte lysates.
      Immunoblotting revealed that the readthrough protein also occurs in lysates
      without added suppressor tRNA. The antibodies were purified on an affi-gel column
      which had been coupled with the peptide antigen. The readthrough protein was then
      purified from reticulocytes by immunoaffinity chromatography and by high
      performance liquid chromatography. The results provide conclusive evidence that
      the beta-globin readthrough protein is naturally occurring in rabbit
      reticulocytes.

PMID- 3365380
TI  - 1H NMR study of the base-pairing reactions of d(GGAATTCC): salt and polyamine
      effects on the imino proton exchange.
AB  - Salts and polyamines have a variety of effects on the physical properties of DNA,
      including stabilization against thermal melting. We wished to gain greater
      insight into the mechanism of this stabilization by ascertaining its effect on
      the dynamics of base opening and closing reactions, as measured by NMR. Since the
      binding of spermidine(3+) is influenced by salt, and since spermidine may act as
      a base catalyst in proton exchange reactions, we have undertaken a study of salt
      and base catalyst effects on the imino proton exchange kinetics of a model
      oligomeric DNA. The selective longitudinal NMR relaxation rates of the hydrogen
      bonded imino protons of the self-complementary octadeoxyribonucleotide
      d(GGAATTCC) monitor the rate of the base-catalyzed chemical exchange of these
      protons with solvent water. The exchange rates thus obtained provide a sensitive
      measure of the base-pair opening reactions of the DNA duplex. Under conditions of
      low pH and no added base catalyst, the NMR relaxation rates allow the
      determination of kd, the rate constant for the dissociation of the octameric
      duplex into single strands. Titration with the base catalyst
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane allows the determination of kop, the rate
      constant for the localized opening of individual base pairs, prior to
      dissociation. A significant Na+ concentration dependence is found for kd. From an
      analysis of this dependence, it is determined that 0.6 +/- 0.1 sodium ion is
      released during the dissociation event. The activation energy for helix
      dissociation (200 +/- 5 kJ/mol) is not dependent on the sodium ion concentration,
      indicating that the dissociation is entropically driven by the release of bound
      sodium ions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365381
TI  - Coherence transfer in deoxyribose sugars produced by isotropic mixing: an
      improved intraresidue assignment strategy for the two-dimensional NMR spectra of
      DNA.
AB  - Two-dimensional isotropic mixing spectroscopy has been used to confirm
      assignments of the deoxyribose sugar protons in the H NMR spectrum of the DNA
      oligonucleotides d(CGCGTTTTCGCG) and [d(GCCGTGGCCACGGC)]2. The broad-band
      decoupling sequence MLEV-16 was applied during the mixing period to induce
      isotropic coupling within the spin systems, resulting in net transfer of
      coherence throughout the coupled spin networks. Nearly all 1', 2', 2'', 3', and
      4' protons of a given nucleotide could be identified on the basis of through-bond
      scalar connectivities. In addition, in the hairpin, a number of connectivities to
      5'/5'' protons were found. The dependence of cross-peak intensity on the length
      of radio-frequency irradiation for several different coherence transfer orders is
      presented, and implications for optimization are discussed.

PMID- 3365382
TI  - 31P NMR analysis of membrane phospholipid organization in viable, reversibly
      electropermeabilized Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were reversibly permeabilized by submitting
      them to short, high-intensity, square wave pulses (1.8 kV/cm, 100 microseconds).
      The cells remained in a permeable state without loss of viability for several
      hours at 4 degrees C. A new anisotropic peak with respect to control cells was
      observed on 31 P NMR spectroscopic analysis of the phospholipid components. This
      peak is only present when the cells are permeable, and normal anisotropy is
      recovered after resealing. Taking into account the fusogenicity of
      electropermeabilized cells, comparative studies were performed on 5%
      poly(ethylene glycol) treated cells. The 31P NMR spectra of the phospholipids
      displayed the same anisotropic peak as in the case of the electropermeabilized
      cells. In the two cases, this anisotropic peak was located downfield from the
      main peak associated to the phospholipids when organized in bilayers. The
      localization of this anisotropic peak is very different from the one of a
      hexagonal phase. We proposed a reorganization of the polar head group region
      leading to a weakening of the hydration layer to account for these observations.
      This was also thought to explain the electric field induced fusogenicity of these
      cells.

PMID- 3365383
TI  - Phospholipid species containing long and very long polyenoic fatty acids remain
      with rhodopsin after hexane extraction of photoreceptor membranes.
AB  - About one-fourth the phosphatidylcholines (PCs) from bovine disk photoreceptor
      membranes contain very long chain (24-36 carbons) polyunsaturated (4, 5, and 6
      double bonds) fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 series (VLCPUFA). Such fatty acids,
      exclusively occurring in dipolyunsaturated species, are esterified to the sn-1
      position of their glycerol backbone, docosahexaenoate being the major fatty acid
      at sn-2. Chromatographically, such PCs display a weakly polar character relative
      to other species, ascribable to their exceedingly large number of carbons. After
      hexane extraction of lyophilized disks, PC is the major component of the fraction
      of lipids that remains associated with rhodopsin, followed by phosphatidylserine,
      while a large proportion of the phosphatidylethanolamine is removed. The fatty
      acid composition of the hexane-removable and protein-bound lipid fractions
      markedly differs, the latter being enriched in lipid species containing long
      chain and very long chain polyenes. This is observed for all lipid classes except
      free fatty acids. VLCPUFA-containing PCs are the most highly concentrated species
      in the rhodopsin-associated lipid fraction. The very long chain polyenes these
      PCs have at sn-1 may account for their resistance to being separated from the
      protein. It is hypothesized that their unusually long polyenoic fatty acids could
      be well suited to partially surround alpha-helical segments of rhodopsin.

PMID- 3365385
TI  - Interaction of diphtheria toxin with model membranes.
AB  - Low pH is believed to trigger membrane penetration by diphtheria toxin in vivo.
      The effect of pH upon the binding of the toxin to unilamellar model membrane
      vesicles was determined by using a fluorescence quenching assay. A series of
      studies were undertaken to determine the effect of lipid composition upon the
      binding of lipids to the toxin. The binding of toxin to various small unilamellar
      vesicles of zwitterionic or anionic lipids was similar in extent and was
      accompanied by deep penetration of the toxin into the fatty acyl chains, in
      agreement with previous studies. However, the transition pH, which is the pH at
      and below which toxin binding becomes significant, depended upon the fraction of
      anionic lipids, being highest with model membranes composed totally of anionic
      lipids (pH 5.8) and lowest with membranes composed of zwitterionic lipids (pH
      5.2). Except for vesicle charge, the transition pH was independent of the nature
      of the lipid polar groups used. High ionic strength, which had no effect on the
      transition pH with zwitterionic vesicles, was found to shift the transition pH
      with totally anionic vesicles to pH 5.2. This suggests that both direct protein
      lipid electrostatic interactions and the ionic double layer, which gives rise to
      a low local pH around anionic vesicles, contribute to the shift in the transition
      pH. The effect of lipid composition upon the kinetics and strength of binding was
      also examined. At low pH, binding was rapid and tight. Binding to vesicles
      containing 20 wt % anionic phosphatidylglycerol was faster and tighter than
      binding to vesicles of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365384
TI  - Liposomes as model for taste cells: receptor sites for bitter substances
      including N-C=S substances and mechanism of membrane potential changes.
AB  - Various bitter substances were found to depolarize liposomes. The results
      obtained are as follows: (1) Changes in the membrane potential of azolectin
      liposomes in response to various bitter substances were monitored by measuring
      changes in the fluorescence intensity of 3,3'-dipropylthiocarbocyanine iodide
      [diS-C3(5)]. All the bitter substances examined increased the fluorescence
      intensity of the liposome-dye suspension, which indicates that the substances
      depolarize the liposomes. There existed a good correlation between the minimum
      concentrations of the bitter substances to depolarize the liposomes and the taste
      thresholds in humans. (2) The effects of changed lipid composition of liposomes
      on the responses to various bitter substances vary greatly among bitter
      substances, suggesting that the receptor sites for bitter substances are
      multiple. The responses to N-C=S substances and sucrose octaacetate especially
      greatly depended on the lipid composition; these compounds depolarized only
      liposomes having certain lipid composition, while no or hyperpolarizing responses
      to these compounds were observed in other liposomes examined. This suggested that
      the difference in "taster" and "nontaster" for these substances can be explained
      in terms of difference in the lipid composition of taste receptor membranes. (3)
      It was confirmed that the membrane potential of the planar lipid bilayer is
      changed in response to bitter substances. The membrane potential changes in the
      planar lipid bilayer as well as in liposomes in response to the bitter substances
      occurred under the condition that there is no ion gradient across the membranes.
      These results suggested that the membrane potential changes in response to bitter
      substances stem from the phase boundary potential changes induced by adsorption
      of the substances on the hydrophobic region of the membranes.

PMID- 3365386
TI  - Characterization of fodrin phosphorylation by spleen protein tyrosine kinase.
AB  - Fodrin, an actin and calmodulin binding and spectrin-like protein present in many
      nonerythrocyte tissues, could be phosphorylated up to more than 1.5 mol of
      phosphate/mol of protein by a highly purified non-receptor-associated protein
      tyrosine kinase from bovine spleen. The protein phosphorylation was not affected
      by Ca2+/calmodulin or by F-actin. Km and Vmax values of the reaction were 91 nM
      and 0.35 nmol of P2 min-1 (mg of kinase)-1, respectively. Both subunits A and B
      of fodrin were phosphorylated, with the rate of subunit A phosphorylation much
      greater than that of subunit B phosphorylation. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of
      the phosphorylated subunits suggested that there were three major phosphorylation
      sites in subunit A and one in subunit B. Phosphotyrosylfodrin could be
      dephosphorylated by the calmodulin-stimulated phosphatase (calcineurin) in the
      presence of activating metal ions; Ni2+ was a much more effective activator than
      Mn2+ for this reaction. Fodrin phosphorylation by the spleen protein tyrosine
      kinase did not appear to alter the actin and calmodulin binding properties of the
      protein. On the other hand, the calmodulin-dependent stimulation of smooth muscle
      actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase by fodrin was enhanced by 101% +/- 3% (n = 3) upon fodrin
      phosphorylation. Ni2+-calcineurin, which was shown to effectively dephosphorylate
      the phosphotyrosyl residues on fodrin, could reverse the phosphorylation-enhanced
      Mg2+-ATPase stimulatory activity of fodrin.

PMID- 3365387
TI  - NMR studies of complex formation between the modified oligonucleotide d(T*TCTGT)
      covalently linked to an acridine derivative and its complementary sequence
      d(GCACAGAA).
AB  - The oligodeoxynucleotide d(TTCTGT) was covalently attached to the 9-amino group
      of 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine (Acr) through its 3'-phOsphate via a
      pentamethylene linker (m5). In order to avoid its hydrolysis by nucleases inside
      the cel., one of its phosphates (TpT) was substituTed with a neopentyl group.
      Complex formation between each of the two purified isomers and the complementary
      strand d(GCACAGAA) was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance. The COSY and
      NOESY connectivities allowed us to assign all the proton resonances of the bases,
      the sugars (except the overlapping 5'-5'' resonances), the acridine, and the
      pentamethylene chain. Structural information derived from the relative intensity
      of COSY and NOESY maps revealed that the duplex d(T*TCTGT).d(GCACAGAA) adopts a B
      type conformation and that the deoxyriboses preferentially adopt a 2'-endo
      conformation. The NOE connectivities observed between the protons of the bases or
      the sugars and the protons of the dye show the intercalation of the acridine
      between the base pairs. NOE connectivities as well as imino proton resonances
      show that, at room temperature, the C7 base and the G8 base belonging to two
      different duplexes are paired. The pseudoaxial and pseudoequatorial isomers were
      assigned, and the differences in stability of their complex with the
      complementary strand are discussed.

PMID- 3365388
TI  - Three-state combinatorial switch models as applied to the binding of oxygen by
      human hemoglobin.
AB  - We have generated a series of all 6561 unique, discrete three-state combinatorial
      switch models to describe the partitioning of the cooperative oxygen-binding free
      change among the 10 variously ligated forms of human hemoglobin tetramers. These
      models were inspired by the experimental observation of Smith and Ackers that the
      cooperative free energy of the intersubunit contact regions of the 10 possible
      ligated forms of human hemoglobin tetramers can be represented by a particular
      distribution of three distinct energy levels [Smith, F. R., & Ackers, G. K.
      (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 5347-5351]. A statistical thermodynamic
      formulation accounting for both dimer-tetramer equilibria and ligand binding
      properties of hemoglobin solutions as a function of oxygen and protein
      concentrations was utilized to exhaustively test these thermodynamic models. In
      this series of models each of the 10 ligated forms of the hemoglobin tetramer can
      exist in one, and only one, of three possible energy levels; i.e., each ligated
      form was assumed to be associated with a discrete energy state. This series of
      models includes all possible ways that the 10 ligation states of hemoglobin can
      be distributed into three distinct cooperative energy levels. The mathematical
      models, as presented here, do not permit equilibria between energy states to
      exist for any of the 10 unique ligated forms of hemoglobin tetramers. These
      models were analyzed by nonlinear least-squares estimation of the free energy
      parameters characteristic of this statistical thermodynamic development.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365389
TI  - Covalent stabilization of the nontransformed chick oviduct cytosol progesterone
      receptor by chemical cross-linking.
AB  - The nontransformed forms of the chick oviduct cytosol progesterone receptor of
      sedimentation coefficient approximately 8 S (8S-PR) are heterooligomers including
      one hormone binding molecule, either B, approximately 110,000, or A,
      approximately 79,000, and two non-hormone binding subunits recently identified as
      heat-shock protein Mr approximately 90,000 (hsp 90) [Renoir, J. M., Buchou, T.,
      Mester, J., Radanyi, C., & Baulieu, E. E. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 6016-6023]. In
      the crude cytosol, bisimidates reacted under mild conditions and gave rise to
      complexes, binding progesterone and reacting with BF4, an anti-hsp 90 monoclonal
      antibody. These complexes have a sedimentation coefficient of 8.4 S and Rs of 8.1
      nm in the presence of 0.4 M KCl and in the absence of molybdate ions, i.e., in
      conditions that would transform non-cross-linked 8S-PR to Rs approximately 5 nm
      forms of approximately 4-S sedimentation coefficient. All bisimidates tested, of
      an effective reagent length between 0.73 and 1.09 nm, gave comparable results in
      the cytosol prepared with or without molybdate ions, confirming that the latter
      were not responsible for the formation of the cross-linked 8S complexes. It was
      found that the dimethyl pimelimidate cross-linked 8S-PR was more resistant to
      inactivating conditions, urea, or heat treatment than the non-cross-linked 8S-PR.
      The 8S-PR cross-linked in the cytosol was purified by affinity chromatography in
      the absence of molybdate ions. After purification, it also reacted with the
      monoclonal antibody BF4 and had the same Rs (8.0 nm), sedimentation coefficient
      (approximately 8.5 S), and thus Mr (approximately 290,000) as the original
      cytosol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365390
TI  - (Z)-3-(fluoromethyl)phosphoenolpyruvate: synthesis and enzymatic studies.
AB  - (Z)-3-(Fluoromethyl)phosphoenolpyruvate has been synthesized in nine chemical
      steps from glyoxylic acid. The compound is stable at pH 3, but at pH 8 it
      decomposes within seconds to give 2-oxo-3-butenoate. When 3
      (fluoromethyl)phosphoenolpyruvate is added to a solution of phosphoenolpyruvate
      carboxylase or pyruvate kinase, the enzyme is inactivated over the course of an
      hour. Identical kinetics of inactivation are observed whether the reaction is
      initiated by addition of 3-(fluoromethyl)-phosphoenolpyruvate, preformed 2-oxo-3
      butenoate, or 4-fluoro-2-oxobutanoate (which rapidly undergoes elimination of
      fluoride ion to form 2-oxo-3-butenoate). The inactivating species in all cases is
      believed to be 2-oxo-3-butenoate. The inactivation is completely prevented by the
      presence of dithiothreitol, which reacts rapidly with 2-oxo-3-butenoate. Studies
      with competitive inhibitors of both enzymes indicate that inactivation does not
      occur at the active site.

PMID- 3365391
TI  - 1-Carboxyallenyl phosphate, an allenic analogue of phosphoenolpyruvate.
AB  - 1-Carboxyallenyl phosphate, the allenic homologue of phosphoenolpyruvate, has
      been synthesized in six steps. The key step in the synthesis is the isomerization
      of methyl 2-hydroxy-3-butynoate to the corresponding allenol and phosphorylation
      of this material. The allene is an excellent substrate for pyruvate kinase,
      undergoing reaction at more than half the rate of phosphoenolpyruvate. The allene
      is also a substrate for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, being hydrolyzed by the
      enzyme rather than carboxylated. With both enzymes, the organic product is 2-oxo
      3-butenoate, which gradually inactivates the enzymes by reaction with one or more
      sulfhydryl groups not at the active site.

PMID- 3365392
TI  - Benzylic monooxygenation catalyzed by toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas
      putida.
AB  - Toluene dioxygenase, a multicomponent enzyme system known to oxidize mononuclear
      aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols, oxidized indene and indan to 1-indenol
      and 1-indanol, respectively. In addition, the enzyme catalyzed dioxygen addition
      to the nonaromatic double bond of indene to form cis-1,2-indandiol. The oxygen
      atoms in 1-indenol and cis-1,2-indandiol were shown to be derived from molecular
      oxygen, whereas 70% of the oxygen in 1-indanol was derived from water. All of the
      isolated products were optically active as demonstrated by 19F NMR and HPLC
      discrimination of diastereomeric esters and by chiroptic methods. The high
      optical purity of (-)-(1R)-indanol (84% enantiomeric excess) and the failure of
      scavengers of reactive oxygen species to inhibit the monooxygenation reaction
      supported the contention that the monooxygen insertion is mediated by an active
      site process. Experiments with 3-[2H]indene indicated that equilibration between
      C-1 and C-3 occurred prior to the formation of the carbon-oxygen bond to yield 1
      indenol. Naphthalene dioxygenase also oxidized indan to 1-indanol, which
      suggested that benzylic monoxygenation may be typical of this group of
      dioxygenases.

PMID- 3365393
TI  - Conformational studies of human Des-Trp1,Nle12-minigastrin in water
      trifluoroethanol mixtures by 1H NMR and circular dichroism.
AB  - The 1H NMR spectrum of the title peptide, H-Leu-(Glu)5-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp
      Phe-NH2, in 90% H2O/10% D2O was assigned by two-dimensional methods, and the
      displacement of the proton resonances upon addition of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
      (TFE) was followed. This permitted the assignment of the spectrum in 90% TFE/10%
      D2O. While the water conformation of the minigastrin analogue is random, the CD
      spectrum indicates that an ordered structure is present in TFE. Variable
      temperature NMR data in this medium show that six amide protons have low
      temperature coefficients, two of the five Glu's, Trp, Nle, Asp, and Phe. These
      results were interpreted in terms of an alpha-helical stretch comprising the Leu
      and the five Glu residues and a 3(10)-helix initiated by a beta-turn at the
      sequence -Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-. Both CD and NMR data at different solvent
      compositions show two regions of conformational change, between 20 and 25% water
      and above 60% water.

PMID- 3365394
TI  - Identification of the thiol ester linked lipids in apolipoprotein B.
AB  - Human plasma low-density lipoproteins of 1.032-1.043 g/mL density were totally
      delipidized. The reduced and carboxymethylated apolipoprotein B was incubated
      with 50 mM [14C]methylamine at pH 8.5 at 30 degrees C. Covalent incorporation of
      [14C]methylamine was observed with concomitant generation of new sulfhydryl
      groups, which could be blocked with [3H]- or [14C]iodoacetic acid. One type of
      the [14C]methylamine-modified products was separated from the protein and was
      found to be lipid in nature. Its Rf on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was
      similar to that of the synthetic N-methyl fatty acyl amides. After purification
      with TLC and transesterification in 3 N methanolic HCl, methyl esters of C16 and
      C18 fatty acids at 1:1 ratio were identified by gas-liquid chromatography. The
      transesterification method was verified with the known N-methyl fatty acyl
      amides. These results suggest the presence of labile thiol ester linked palmitate
      and stearate in apolipoprotein B. Under mild alkaline conditions, the thiol ester
      bonds are broken by methylamine and form N-methyl fatty acyl amides and release
      new-SH groups. Intramolecular thiol ester bonds linked between cysteine side
      chains and acidic amino acid residues were also found present, which will be
      reported separately.

PMID- 3365396
TI  - Calcium-induced phase separation phenomena in multicomponent unsaturated lipid
      mixtures.
AB  - The ability of calcium to induce phase separation in multicomponent lipid
      mixtures containing various unsaturated species of acidic and neutral
      phospholipids has been investigated by 31P NMR, 3H NMR, and small-angle X-ray
      diffraction techniques. It is shown that, in unsaturated (dioleoyl-)
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (1:1) and phosphatidic
      acid (PA)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) (1:1) mixtures, calcium is unable to induce
      lateral phase separation of the acidic and neutral lipids and that all the lipids
      adopt a hexagonal (HII) phase in the presence of calcium. In multicomponent
      mixtures containing one or more acidic species the presence of cholesterol either
      facilitates calcium-induced lamellar to hexagonal (HII) transitions for all the
      lipid components or, in systems already in a hexagonal (HII) phase, mitigates
      against calcium-induced lateral phase separations. Further, cholesterol is shown
      to exhibit no preferential interaction on the NMR time scale with either PC, PE,
      or phosphatidylserine (PS) when the lipids are in the liquid-crystal state. The
      ability of cholesterol to directly induce HII phase formation in PC/PE mixtures
      is also shown to be common to various other sterols including ergosterol,
      stigmasterol, coprostanol, epicoprostanol, and androstanol.

PMID- 3365395
TI  - Effect of inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase on polyamine content
      and growth of L1210 cells.
AB  - Analogues of S-adenosylmethionine that were designed as inhibitors of S
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were tested for their abilities to inhibit the
      purified enzyme from rat prostate. The most potent inhibitors were 5'-deoxy-5'-[N
      methyl-N-[2-(aminooxy)ethyl]amino]adenosine (MAOEA) and 5'-deoxy-5'-[N-methyl-N
      (3-hydrazinopropyl)amino]adenosine (MHZPA), which had I50 values of 400 nM and 70
      nM, respectively, when added directly to the assay medium under standard
      conditions. These compounds were irreversible inactivators of the enzyme, and
      more than 95% of the activity was lost within 15 min of exposure to 5 microM
      MAOEA or 0.5 microM MHZPA. Both inhibitors led to a large reduction in the
      content of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine in L1210 cells and to a
      substantial decrease in the production of 5'-(methylthio)adenosine by these
      cells. These results are consistent with their bringing about an inhibition of S
      adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in the cell which leads to a reduction
      in the synthesis of spermidine and spermine. Analysis of the polyamine content in
      L1210 cells exposed to 100 microM MAOEA or 50 microM MHZPA showed that this was
      the case and that putrescine levels were greatly increased while spermidine and
      spermine content declined. The combined application of 100 microM MAOEA and 5 mM
      alpha-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor) to L1210
      cells completely prevented the synthesis of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine
      for up to 48 h. The reduction in polyamine content brought about by MHZPA or
      MAOEA could be partially prevented by the addition of decarboxylated S
      adenosylmethionine to the culture medium. These inhibitors also brought about an
      inhibition of cell growth which could be reversed by the addition of
      spermidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365397
TI  - A 13-kilodalton protein purified from milk fat globule membranes is closely
      related to a mammary-derived growth inhibitor.
AB  - With the use of specific antibodies against a previously purified [Boehmer, F.
      D., Lehmann, W., Schmidt, H., Lange, P., & Grosse, R. (1984) Exp. Cell Res. 150,
      466-477] and sequenced mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) [Boehmer, F.-D.,
      Kraft, R., Otto, A., Wernstedt, C., Hellmann, U., Kurtz, A., Mueller, T., Rohde,
      K., Etzold, G., Lehmann, W., Langen, P., Heldin, C.-H., & Grosse, R. (1987) J.
      Biol. Chem. 262, 15137-15143], the localization and relative amount of
      immunoreactive 13-kilodalton (kDa) antigen in different fractions of bovine milk
      were determined. The highest amount of antigen was found to be associated with
      the milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). As revealed by a dot immunobinding assay,
      the amount of immunoreactive bovine and human MFGM-associated antigen increased
      dramatically with the onset of lactation after delivery. This finding corresponds
      to earlier data obtained for MDGI and indicates a relationship between the
      proliferative state of mammary epithelial cells and the amount of immunoreactive
      antigen. The 13-kDa antigen has been purified from MFGM to homogeneity by
      preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      electroelution. The MFGM-derived 13-kDa polypeptide was found to be almost
      identical with MDGI as demonstrated by tryptic digestion and partial amino acid
      sequence analysis of tryptic fragments of both proteins. The results clearly show
      the presence of a membrane-bound MDGI-related 13-kDa protein, thus supporting the
      possible involvement of membrane-associated growth inhibitors in growth
      regulation of mammary epithelial cells.

PMID- 3365398
TI  - Structure and dynamics of alpha-tocopherol in model membranes and in solution: a
      broad-line and high-resolution NMR study.
AB  - Nuclear magnetic resonance has been applied to study the conformational dynamics
      of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in solution and in model membranes. In nonviscous
      solution, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that alpha-tocopherol is in
      rapid equilibrium between two or more puckered conformers of its heterocyclic
      ring. The most likely conformers to be so involved are the two half-chair forms.
      Deuterium NMR spectra of specifically deuteriated alpha-tocopherol in
      multilamellar dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine, measured in the liquid
      crystalline state, were characteristic of axially symmetric motional averaging.
      The orientation of the rotational axis within the molecular framework was
      determined. Studies on oriented multilamellar membranes revealed that this axis
      is perpendicular to the surface of the membrane. The profile of quadrupolar
      splittings along the hydrophobic tail does not have a plateau, in contrast to
      that of the fatty acyl chains of the membrane lipids. Longitudinal relaxation
      times (T1) were short. The presence of a minimum in their temperature dependence
      shows that molecular motion with an effective correlation time tau eff
      approximately equal to 3 X 10(-9)s is responsible for relaxation. However, the
      temperatures and absolute values of the minima depend on the position of the
      deuterium in the molecule, demonstrating that tau eff represents a complex blend
      of motions.

PMID- 3365399
TI  - Infinite-cis kinetics support the carrier model for erythrocyte glucose
      transport.
AB  - It has been claimed that the Km for infinite-cis uptake of glucose in human
      erythrocytes is so low that the carrier model for transport must be rejected. We
      redetermined this parameter for three experimental conditions and found instead
      that the Km values were in good agreement with the model. For each of a variety
      of cis glucose concentrations, cells were preequilibrated with various
      concentrations of glucose, and the apparent Km was determined as the
      intracellular concentration reducing the initial rate of net uptake by half. The
      dependence of the apparent Km values on the cis glucose was as predicted by the
      carrier model; the infinite-cis Km was determined from both this concentration
      dependence and the extrapolated value at infinite cis glucose. The resulting
      values were 15 mM for fresh blood at 0 degrees C, 39 mM for outdated blood at 0
      degrees C, and 11 mM for outdated blood at 25 degrees C. Previous measurements of
      the Km at room temperature yielded values of 2-3 mM. These earlier studies used a
      time course procedure that indicated rapid changes in rates during the initial 10
      s of uptake but did not directly measure such changes. We examined the uptake of
      60 mM glucose at 20 degrees C into cells containing 0 and 5 mM glucose; rapid
      changes in rates were not observed in the first few seconds, and the time courses
      were more consistent with our higher Km values. Our new values, together with
      other initial rate measurements in the literature, support the adequacy of the
      carrier model to account for the kinetics of glucose transport in human
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 3365400
TI  - Lateral diffusion and fluorescence microscope studies on a monoclonal antibody
      specifically bound to supported phospholipid bilayers.
AB  - Supported phospholipid bilayers prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett techniques were
      introduced recently as a new model membrane system [Tamm, L.K., & McConnell, H.M.
      (1985) Biophys. J. 47, 105-113]. Here, supported bilayers are applied to study
      the lateral diffusion and lateral distribution of membrane-bound monoclonal
      antibodies. A monoclonal anti-trinitrophenol antibody was found to bind strongly
      and with high specificity to supported phospholipid bilayers containing the lipid
      hapten (trinitrophenyl)phosphatidylethanolamine at various mole fractions. The
      lateral distribution of the membrane-bound antibodies was studied by
      epifluorescence microscopy. The bound antibodies aggregated into patches on a
      host lipid bilayer of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine below the lipid chain
      melting phase transition and redistributed uniformly on fluid-phase supported
      bilayers. Lateral diffusion coefficients and mobile fractions of fluorescent
      phospholipid analogues and fluorescein-labeled antibodies were measured by
      fluorescence recovery after pattern photobleaching. The lateral diffusion
      coefficients of the membrane-bound antibodies resembled those of the
      phospholipids but were reduced by a factor of 2 in the fluid phase. The lipid
      chain melting phase transition was also reflected in the lateral diffusion
      coefficient of the bound antibody but occurred at a temperature about 3 deg
      higher than the phase transition in supported bilayers of pure phospholipids. The
      antibody lateral diffusion coefficients decreased in titration experiments
      monotonically with increasing antibody surface concentrations by a factor of 2-3.
      Correspondingly, a relatively small decrease of the antibody lateral diffusion
      coefficient was observed with increasing mole fractions of lipid haptens in the
      supported bilayer.

PMID- 3365401
TI  - Molecular analysis of human complement component C5: localization of the
      structural gene to chromosome 9.
AB  - A human C5 clone (pC5HG2) was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from Hep
      G2 mRNA. The DNA sequence showed that the pC5HG2 insert was comprised of 3309
      base pairs of pro-C5 coding sequence and 404 base pairs of 3'-untranslated
      sequence. The derived amino acid sequence contained the entire coding sequence of
      the C5 alpha-chain, the beta-alpha-chain junction region, and 100 amino acids
      (approximately 50%) of the beta-chain. Protein sequences of four C5 tryptic
      peptides were aligned exactly to this sequence and demonstrated that C5
      synthesized and secreted by Hep G2 cells is probably identical with plasma
      derived C5. Coding sequence alignment of the human C5 sequences with those of
      murine C5 indicated that 80% of the nucleotides and 79% of the amino acids were
      placed identically in the two species. Amino acid sequence alignment of the
      homologous family members C3, C4, and alpha 2-macroglobulin with that of C5
      demonstrated 27%, 25%, and 19% identity, respectively. As was found in murine C5,
      the corresponding thiol ester region of human C5 contained several conserved
      amino acids, but the critical cysteine and glutamine residues which give rise to
      the intramolecular thiol ester bond in C3, C4, and alpha 2-macroglobulin were
      absent in C5, having been replaced by serine and alanine, respectively. With the
      use of a panel of hamster-human somatic cell hybrids, the C5 gene was mapped to
      human chromosome 9. In situ chromosomal hybridization studies employing metaphase
      cells further localized the gene to bands 9q32-34, with the largest cluster of
      grains at 9q34.1.

PMID- 3365402
TI  - Effects of eucaryotic initiation factor 3 on eucaryotic ribosomal subunit
      equilibrium and kinetics.
AB  - In order to understand the possible role of eucaryotic initiator factor 3 (eIF-3)
      in maintaining a pool of eucaryotic subunits, we have measured the effects of eIF
      3 on the equilibria and kinetics of ribosomal subunit association and
      dissociation. The ribosomal subunit interactions have been studied by laser light
      scattering, which does not perturb the system. We find that eIF-3 reduces the
      apparent association rate of reticulocyte, wheat germ, and Artemia ribosomes. The
      kinetics of the reassociation for a shift in [Mg2+] from 0.5 to 6 mM are best
      explained by a model where eIF-3 dissociates from the 40S subunits prior to
      association of the 40S and 60S subunits. Static titrations indicate there is some
      binding of eIF-3 to 80S ribosomes at lower [Mg2+].

PMID- 3365403
TI  - Identification of the altered pyrrole in the isomeric sulfmyoglobins: hyperfine
      shift patterns as indicators of ring saturation in ferric chlorins.
AB  - Analysis of the 1H NMR hyperfine shift patterns of isomeric sulfmyoglobins is
      carried out in the met-aquo and met-cyano states to determine the site of
      saturation in each protein. The utility of the patterns for structure elucidation
      is established by specific deuterium labeling of the heme methyls of the terminal
      base product. On the basis of the known saturation of ring B in this isomer
      [Chatfield, M.J., La Mar, G.N., Lecomte, J.T.J., Balch, A.L., Smith, K.M., &
      Langry, K.C. (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 7108-7110], the methyl resonance of
      the saturated ring is found to have strongly attenuated contact shift. Thus, the
      heme methyl contact shift pattern is diagnostic for the saturated pyrrole in the
      high-spin state. This rationale is then applied to analyze the assigned NMR
      spectra of the initial and terminal acid sulfmyoglobin products, revealing that
      the same ring B is saturated in each isomer. In contrast, the heme methyl contact
      shift pattern in low-spin ferric complexes reveals that the methyls both on the
      affected pyrrole and on the trans pyrrole are influenced similarly on
      sulfmyoglobin formation, precluding the use of this methyl shift pattern as a
      unique indicator of the site of saturation. Identification of exchangeable
      proximal histidine resonances for met-aquo sulfmyoglobin complexes with shifts
      similar to that in native myoglobin dictates inconsequential axial alterations in
      the sulfmyoglobins, while location of downfield meso proton resonances analogous
      to those of the native protein demonstrates the retention of the coordinate water
      in the active site of met-sulfmyoglobin.

PMID- 3365404
TI  - Energy-transfer studies of the distance between the high-affinity metal binding
      site and the colchicine and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid binding sites on
      calf brain tubulin.
AB  - The high-affinity metal divalent cation Mg2+, associated with the exchangeable
      guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding site (E site) on purified tubulin, has
      been replaced by the transition metal ion Co2+ on tubulin as well as on the
      tubulin-colchicine, tubulin-allocolchicine and tubulin-8-anilino-1
      naphthalenesulfonic acid (tubulin-ANS) complexes. While pure native tubulin
      readily incorporated 0.8 atom of Co2+ per tubulin alpha-beta dimer, incorporation
      was reduced to 0.4 atom of Co2+ per mole of tubulin when it was complexed with
      colchicine, indicating that the conformational change induced in tubulin by the
      binding of colchicine leads to a reduced accessibility of the divalent cation
      binding site linked to the E site without necessarily changing the intrinsic
      binding constant. The fluorescence emission spectra of tubulin-bound colchicine,
      allocolchicine, and ANS displayed a strong overlap with the Co2+ absorption
      spectrum, identifying these as adequate donor-acceptor pairs. Fluorescence energy
      transfer measurements were carried out between tubulin-bound colchicine (or
      allocolchicine) and ANS as donors and tubulin-complexed Co2+ as acceptor. It was
      found that the distance between the ANS and the high-affinity divalent cation
      binding sites is greater than 28 A, while that between the colchicine and the
      divalent cation binding sites is greater than 24 A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3365405
TI  - Exposure and electronic interaction of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in human
      apolipoprotein A-IV.
AB  - We have investigated the exposure and electronic interaction of tyrosine and
      tryptophan residues in human apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV). Differential
      absorption spectroscopy and chemical titration demonstrated that human apo A-IV
      contains six tyrosine residues, four of which are buried in the hydrophobic
      interior of the protein and two of which are exposed on the protein surface.
      Denaturation of the protein by guanidinium chloride caused progressive exposure
      of the buried tyrosines. The fluorescence emission spectra of apo A-IV were
      characterized by a blue-shifted tryptophan emission with a low relative quantum
      yield of 0.37 and a tyrosine emission with a relative quantum yield of 0.62.
      Fluorescence quenching studies demonstrated a low fractional exposure of
      tryptophan in the native state. Denaturation of apo A-IV was accompanied by an
      increase in the relative quantum yield which peaked at the denaturation midpoint.
      Fluorescence excitation techniques demonstrated energy transfer from tyrosine
      residues with a transfer efficiency of 0.40 in the native state; the efficiency
      was conformation dependent and decreased with protein unfolding. Fluorescence
      studies of tetranitromethane-modified apo A-IV suggested that a significant
      fraction of energy transfer proceeds from the exposed tyrosine residues. These
      data demonstrate the existence of intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer and
      tryptophan quenching in human apolipoprotein A-IV and suggest that the amino
      terminus of this protein is situated in a hydrophobic domain within energy
      transfer range of nonvicinal tyrosine residues.

PMID- 3365406
TI  - Conformational transition of hyaluronic acid in aqueous-organic solvent monitored
      by vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism.
AB  - The chiroptical transition of hyaluronic acid (HA) in aqueous-organic solvent has
      been investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy into the vacuum
      ultraviolet region. The CD of HA changes dramatically, monitoring a cooperative
      transition as the dielectric constant of an aqueous solution is reduced by adding
      organic solvents. This transition results in a high-intensity CD band at 188 nm,
      indicating an ordered structure in the mixed solvent. Heating HA in the mixed
      solvent also causes a cooperative transition, reducing the CD to that found for
      the polymer in aqueous solution. In contrast, heating HA in aqueous solution
      results in small, noncooperative changes in the CD spectrum. This indicates an
      unordered structure in aqueous solution. The CD as the dielectric constant is
      reduced exhibits isodichroic points, showing that there are only two environments
      for chromophores contributing to the CD. This is confirmed by singular value
      decomposition of CD spectra recorded as a function of solvent composition, which
      shows the spectra to contain only two principal components. The data describing
      the thermally induced transition of HA in mixed solvent are not consistent with
      infinite cooperativity. The van't Hoff relation yields thermodynamic parameters
      for the conformational transition in terms of the cooperative unit of -60 kcal
      mol-1 for delta H degrees and -180 eu mol-1 for delta S degrees.

PMID- 3365407
TI  - Double-stranded structure for hyaluronic acid in ethanol-aqueous solution as
      revealed by circular dichroism of oligomers.
AB  - The sigmoidal nature of circular dichroism (CD) changes for hyaluronic acid
      solutions as a function of solvent composition or temperature is studied as a
      function of chain length by using oligomers. We find a chain length effect with
      approximately nine disaccharides required for the structural transition as a
      function of organic solvent, which proves that the transition is cooperative with
      large transition enthalpy and entropy. The transition also depends on sample
      concentration as expected for strand association, and this was investigated in
      detail for oligomers 12 and 16 disaccharides long. Indeed, it was possible to
      prevent completely the transition in mixed solvent with sufficient dilution of
      these oligomers, which demonstrates strand association. The CD data in mixed
      solvent as a function of oligomer concentration were fit with various models for
      association of two and more strands. Simplex methods were used to investigate the
      vector space of unknowns for the models, and two-strand models were shown to
      consistently give a better fit. A cooperative two-strand zipper model which
      allows relative sliding of the chains had the smallest fitting error and produced
      the following thermodynamic parameters (in terms of a duplex of disaccharide
      units) for the ordered structure in an aqueous solution containing 45% v/v
      ethanol, 12.5 mM NaH2PO4, and 7.5 mM H3PO4: enthalpy of growth, -1.0 +/- 0.3 kcal
      mol-1; entropy of growth, -2.3 +/- 1.3 eu mol-1; enthalpy of initiation, -20 +/-
      3 kcal mol-1; entropy of initiation, -71 +/- 15 eu mol-1. The results are
      consistent with a double-stranded and helical structure for hyaluronic acid in
      solutions of reduced dielectric constant.

PMID- 3365408
TI  - Structure elucidation of glycosphingolipids and gangliosides using high
      performance tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - Glycosphingolipids and gangliosides have been investigated by using fast atom
      bombardment high-performance tandem mass spectrometry (FABMS/MS). Homologous
      compounds have been investigated in order to ascertain the fragmentation.
      Collision-induced dissociation spectra of the molecular species in the positive
      ion mode mainly afford information on the ceramide constitution (aglycon as a
      whole, N-acyl residue, and long-chain base), whereas negative ion spectra show
      fragments informative of the sugar sequence and the degree of branching of the
      carbohydrate. In the case of gangliosides carrying a complex oligosaccharide
      moiety, collision spectra of fragment ions have been performed in order to gain
      additional structural data. The advantage of tandem mass spectrometry over
      conventional fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS) consists in the fact
      that collision spectra of the individual components from mixtures, as usually
      encountered with these kinds of samples, can be recorded. Furthermore, the
      exclusion of most of the interfering signals from the matrix allows the
      identification of pertinent fragments at low mass.

PMID- 3365409
TI  - Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharide antigens of Mycobacterium sp.: presence
      of a mono-O-methyltri-O-acyltrehalose "core".
AB  - We have described the surface antigens of Mycobacterium kansasii as trehalose
      containing lipooligosaccharides (LOS) which at the nonreducing "epitope" end bear
      a unique amino sugar containing diglycosyl unit, whereas the putative reducing
      end consists of an acylated alpha, alpha-trehalose-containing tetraglucosyl
      "core" [Hunter, S. W., Jardine, I., Yanagihara, D. L., & Brennan, P. J. (1985)
      Biochemistry 24, 2798-2805]. The presence of a new variation on this core, in
      Mycobacterium szulgai, is now reported, ----3)beta-D-Glcp-(1----6)alpha-D-Glcp(1-
      --1)3,4,6-tri-O-acyl-2-O- Me-alpha-D-Glcp, representing the first example of an O
      methyltrehalose unit in nature. The simplest of the LOS class of glycolipids in
      M. szulgai was defined as alpha-L-2-O-Me-Fucp(1----3)alpha-L-Rhap(1----3)alpha-L
      Rh ap(1----3) beta-D-Glcp(1----6)alpha-D-Glcp(1----1)3,4,6-tri-O-acyl-2-O-Me
      alpha-D-G lcp. Further glycosylation of this nonantigen, by an incompletely
      defined 6-deoxyhexosyl residue, confers specific antigenicity on the organism.
      Thus, these extraordinary structures, in a manner analogous to the better known
      lipopolysaccharides from rough variants of Enterobactericiae, are highly
      amphipathic and display variability not only in the immunogenic, distal region
      but also in the "invariant" lipophilic core. The contribution of these
      glycolipids to the hydrophobic barrier, the pseudo outer membrane of
      mycobacteria, is discussed.

PMID- 3365410
TI  - Volume changes during enzyme reactions: indications of enzyme pulsation during
      fumarase catalysis.
AB  - Overall activation volumes for multistep reactions are not usually pressure
      independent. The present investigation gives a quantitative description of this
      effect under Theory. Simple relations are obtained which can easily be applied to
      experimental data and which allow more insight into the dynamics of enzyme
      reactions. This is demonstrated under Experimental Application for the conversion
      of fumarate to L-malate catalyzed by the enzyme fumarase. The volume profile of
      this reaction indicates a pulsation of the enzyme molecule during catalysis. The
      appendix discusses the question whether Eyring's transition-state theory is an
      appropriate basis for investigations of this kind.

PMID- 3365411
TI  - Relationships between apparent binding energies measured in site-directed
      mutagenesis experiments and energetics of binding and catalysis.
AB  - The use of binding energy in molecular recognition and enzyme catalysis is
      currently being probed by experiments on engineered proteins. The interaction
      energy of an individual side chain with a substrate may be quantified by
      comparing the binding and rate constants for wild-type enzyme with those for a
      mutant in which the side chain has been truncated. An apparent binding energy
      delta Gapp is obtained. The physical significance of delta Gapp is analyzed with
      particular reference to hydrogen bonding where one partner in the bond is deleted
      by mutagenesis. The following conclusions have been drawn for situations where
      mutagenesis does not unduly perturb the structure of the protein. delta Gapp is
      always a measurement of specificity of binding and catalysis. But, it does not
      generally measure the incremental binding energy of the hydrogen bond delta
      Gbind. The discrepancy between delta Gapp and delta Gbind is especially large
      when mutation leaves a charged donor or acceptor unpaired. Here, delta Gapp
      overestimates delta Gbind by possibly several kilocalories per mole. On the other
      hand, changes in delta Gapp (delta delta Gapp) as a reaction proceeds through its
      intermediates and transition states are particularly amenable to simple analysis.
      It is shown that delta delta Gapp can measure changes in delta Gbind (delta delta
      Gbind). For example, if there is a change in the energy of an individual bond on
      going from one state to the next, then delta delta Gapp = delta delta
      Gbind.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365412
TI  - Specific labeling of the essential cysteine residue of L-methionine gamma-lyase
      with a cofactor analogue, N-(bromoacetyl)pyridoxamine phosphate.
AB  - L-Methionine gamma-lyase from Pseudomonas putida is composed of four identical
      polypeptide chains and contains four cysteinyl residues per subunit. We have
      found one of them catalytically essential by its specific cyanylation with 2
      nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid. We have shown its essentiality also with N
      (bromoacetyl)pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (BAPMP), which is a cofactor analogue and
      also an affinity-labeling agent. The kinetic data show that the apoenzyme forms a
      binary complex with BAPMP prior to covalent binding. The stoichiometry of
      inactivation was 1 mol of BAPMP per subunit. We have shown that the cysteine
      residue modified with BAPMP is identical with that labeled specifically with
      [14C]iodoacetic acid. The amino acid sequences of the peptides containing the
      essential cysteine residue and the lysine residue to which pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
      is bound were determined by automated Edman degradation.

PMID- 3365413
TI  - Evidence that the catalytic differences of two structurally homologous forms of
      cytochrome P-450 relate to their heme environment.
AB  - Cytochromes P-450 PB3a and PB3b, which appear to be equivalent to forms b and e
      described by Ryan et al. [Ryan, D.E., Thomas, P.E., & Levin, W. (1982) Arch.
      Biochem. Biophys. 216, 272-288], have been shown to share 97% sequence homology
      [Suwa, Y., Mizukami, Y., Sogawa, K., & Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (1985) J. Biol. Chem.
      260, 7980-7984] yet exhibit an intriguing difference in enzymatic activity.
      Studies to establish the basis for this difference, including a development of
      the technique of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS), are
      reported. Studies on substrate binding, metabolism, and redox properties, as well
      as SERRS, indicate a significant difference in the heme environment of these two
      proteins. No significant difference in the interaction of the two proteins with P
      450 reductase could be established. However, this interaction appeared sensitive
      to changes in ionic strength, suggesting ionic interactions are important in the
      functional coupling of these electron-transport components. A marked variation in
      the ratio of PB3a to PB3b activity in the metabolism of different substrates,
      which included a series of structurally similar resorufin analogues, provided
      further evidence that reductase coupling was not a critical factor. Therefore,
      the few amino acid differences observed between these proteins indicate sites
      that may be important in influencing the heme environment of these cytochrome P
      450's.

PMID- 3365414
TI  - An investigation of the contribution made by the carboxylate group of an active
      site histidine-aspartate couple to binding and catalysis in lactate
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - The influence of aspartate-168 on the proton-donating and -accepting properties
      of histidine-195 (the active site acid/base catalyst in lactate dehydrogenase)
      was evaluated by use of site-directed mutagenesis to change the residue to
      asparagine and to alanine. Despite the fact that asparagine could form a hydrogen
      bond to histidine while alanine could not, the two mutant enzymes have closely
      similar catalytic and ligand-binding properties. Both bind pyruvate and its
      analogue (oxamate) 200 times more weakly than the wild-type enzyme but show
      little disruption in their binding of lactate and its unreactive analogue,
      trifluorolactate. Neither mutation alters the binding of coenzymes (NADH and
      NAD+) or the pK of the histidine-195 residue in the enzyme-coenzyme complex. We
      conclude that a strong histidine-aspartate interaction is only formed when both
      coenzyme and substrate are bound. Deletion of the negative charge of aspartate
      shifts the equilibrium between enzyme-NADH-pyruvate (protonated histidine) and
      enzyme-NAD+-lactate (unprotonated histidine) toward the latter. In contrast to
      the wild-type enzyme, the rate of catalysis in both directions in the mutants is
      limited by a slow hydride ion transfer step.

PMID- 3365415
TI  - Purification and characterization of human liver sorbitol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Sorbitol dehydrogenase from human liver was purified to homogeneity by affinity
      chromatography on immobilized triazine dyes, conventional cation-exchange
      chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The major form is a
      tetrameric, NAD-specific enzyme containing one zinc atom per subunit. Human liver
      sorbitol dehydrogenase oxidizes neither ethanol nor other primary alcohols. It
      catalyzes the oxidation of a secondary alcohol group of polyol substrates such as
      sorbitol, xylitol, or L-threitol. However, the substrate specificity of human
      liver sorbitol dehydrogenase is broader than that of the liver enzymes of other
      sources. The present report describes the stereospecific oxidation of (2R,3R)-2,3
      butanediol, indicating a more general function of sorbitol dehydrogenase in the
      metabolism of secondary alcohols. Thus, the enzyme complements the substrate
      specificities covered by the three classes of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

PMID- 3365416
TI  - High-resolution 1H NMR study of the solution structure of delta-hemolysin.
AB  - The 26-residue toxin from Staphylococcus aureus, delta-hemolysin, is thought to
      act by traversing the plasma membrane. The structure of this peptide, in methanol
      solution, has been investigated by using high-resolution NMR in combination with
      molecular dynamics calculations. The 1H NMR spectrum has been completely
      assigned, and it is shown that residues 2-20 form a relatively stable helix while
      the residues at the C-terminal end appear to be more flexible. The structures
      were calculated only from nuclear Overhauser effect data and standard bond
      lengths. It is shown that the results are consistent with 3JNH-alpha CH coupling
      constants and amide hydrogen exchange rates.

PMID- 3365417
TI  - Differential scanning calorimetry of the irreversible thermal denaturation of
      thermolysin.
AB  - A differential scanning calorimetry study of the thermal denaturation of Bacillus
      thermoproteolyticus rokko thermolysin was carried out. The calorimetric traces
      were found to be irreversible and highly scan-rate dependent. The shape of the
      thermograms, as well as their scan-rate dependence, can be explained by assuming
      that the thermal denaturation takes place according to the kinetic scheme N k---
      D, where k is a first-order kinetic constant that changes with temperature, as
      given by the Arrhenius equation, N the native state, and D the unfolded state or,
      more probably, a final state, irreversibly arrived at from the unfolded one. On
      the basis of this model, the value of the rate constant as a function of
      temperature and the activation energy have been calculated. It is shown that the
      proposed model may be considered as being one particular case of that proposed by
      Lumry and Eyring [Lumry, R., & Eyring, H. (1954) J. Phys. Chem. 58, 110] N in
      equilibrium D----I, where N is the native state, D the unfolded one, and I a
      final state, irreversibly arrived at from D. Lastly, some comments are made on
      the use of the scan-rate effect on the calorimetric traces as an equilibrium
      criterion in differential scanning calorimetry.

PMID- 3365418
TI  - T-state hemoglobin with four ligands bound.
AB  - Flash photolysis kinetics have been measured for ligand recombination to
      hemoglobin (Hb) in the presence of two effectors: bezafibrate (Bzf) and inositol
      hexakisphosphate (IHP). The combined influence of the two independent effectors
      leads to predominantly T-state behavior. Samples equilibrated with 0.1 atm of CO
      are fully saturated, yet after photodissociation they show only T-state
      bimolecular recombination rates at all photolysis levels; this indicates that the
      allosteric transition from R to T occurs before CO rebinding and that the
      allosteric equilibrium favors the T-state tetramer with up to three ligands
      bound. Since all four ligands bind at the rate characteristic for the T-state,
      the return transition from T to R must occur after the fourth ligand was bound.
      At 1 atm of CO, rebinding to the initial R state competes with the allosteric
      transition resulting in a certain fraction of CO bound at the rate characteristic
      for the R state; this fraction is greater the smaller the percentage
      dissociation. Under 1 atm of oxygen, samples are not more than 93% saturated and
      show mainly T-state kinetics. The results show that all four hemes can bind
      oxygen or CO ligands in the T structure. The fraction of the kinetics occurring
      as geminate is less for partially liganded (T-state) samples than for fully
      liganded (R-state) Hb.

PMID- 3365419
TI  - Micelle-vesicle transition of egg phosphatidylcholine and octyl glucoside.
AB  - The dissolution and formation of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles by the
      detergent octyl glucoside were examined systematically by using resonance energy
      transfer between fluorescent lipid probes, turbidity, and gel filtration
      chromatography. Resonance energy transfer was exquisitely sensitive to the
      intermolecular distance when the lipids were in the lamellar phase and to the
      transitions leading to mixed micelles. Turbidity measurements provided
      information about the aggregation of lipid and detergent. Several reversible
      discrete transitions between states of the PC-octyl glucoside system were
      observed by both methods during dissolution and vesicle formation. These states
      could be described as a series of equilibrium structures that took the forms of
      vesicles, open lamellar sheets, and mixed micelles. As detergent was added to an
      aqueous suspension of vesicles, the octyl glucoside partitioned into the vesicles
      with a partition coefficient of 63. This was accompanied by leakage of small
      molecules and vesicle swelling until the mole fraction of detergent in the
      vesicles was just under 50% (detergent:lipid ratio of 1:1). Near this point, a
      transition was observed by an increase in turbidity and release of large
      molecules like inulin, consistent with the opening of vesicles. Both a turbidity
      maximum and a sharp increase in fluorescence were observed at a detergent to
      lipid mole ratio of 2.1:1. This was interpreted as the lower boundary of a region
      where both lamellar sheets and micelles are at equilibrium. At a detergent:lipid
      ratio of 3.0:1, another sharp change in resonance energy transfer and
      clarification of the suspension were observed, demarcating the upper boundary of
      this two-phase region. This latter transition is commonly referred to as
      solubilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365420
TI  - Inactivation of photoexcited rhodopsin in retinal rods: the roles of rhodopsin
      kinase and 48-kDa protein (arrestin).
AB  - The inactivation of excited rhodopsin in the presence of ATP, rhodopsin kinase,
      and/or arrestin has been studied from its effect on the two subsequent steps in
      the light-induced enzymatic cascade: metarhodopsin II catalyzed activation of G
      protein and G-protein-dependent activation of cGMP phosphodiesterase. The
      inactivation of G-protein (from light-scattering measurements) and that of
      phosphodiesterase (from measurements of cGMP hydrolysis) have been studied and
      compared in reconstituted systems containing various combinations of the proteins
      involved (rhodopsin, G-protein, phosphodiesterase, kinase, and arrestin). Our
      results show that rhodopsin kinase alone can terminate the activation of G
      protein and that arrestin speeds up the process at a relative concentration
      similar to that reported in the rod (half-maximal effect at 50 nM for 4.4 microM
      rhodopsin). Measurements of rhodopsin phosphorylation under identical conditions
      show that in the presence of arrestin total metarhodopsin II inactivation is
      achieved when only 0.5-1.4 phosphates are bound per bleached rhodopsin, whereas
      in the absence of arrestin it requires binding of 12-16 phosphates per bleached
      rhodopsin. Phosphodiesterase activity can similarly be turned off by kinase, and
      the process is similarly accelerated by arrestin.

PMID- 3365421
TI  - NMR studies of echinomycin bisintercalation complexes with d(A1-C2-G3-T4) and
      d(T1-C2-G3-A4) duplexes in aqueous solution: sequence-dependent formation of
      Hoogsteen A1.T4 and Watson--Crick T1.A4 base pairs flanking the bisintercalation
      site.
AB  - We report on two-dimensional proton NMR studies of echinomycin complexes with the
      self-complementary d(A1-C2-G3-T4) and d(T1-C2-G3-A4) duplexes in aqueous
      solution. The exchangeable and nonexchangeable antibiotic and nucleic acid
      protons in the 1 echinomycin per tetranucleotide duplex complexes have been
      assigned from analyses of scalar coupling and distance connectivities in two
      dimensional data sets recorded in H2O and D2O solution. An analysis of the
      intermolecular NOE patterns for both complexes combined with large upfield imino
      proton and large downfield phosphorus complexation chemical shift changes
      demonstrates that the two quinoxaline chromophores of echinomycin bisintercalate
      into the minor groove surrounding the dC-dG step of each tetranucleotide duplex.
      Further, the quinoxaline rings selectively stack between A1 and C2 bases in the
      d(ACGT) complex and between T1 and C2 bases in the d(TCGA) complex. The
      intermolecular NOE patterns and the base and sugar proton chemical shifts for
      residues C2 and G3 are virtually identical for the d(ACGT) and d(TCGA) complexes.
      A change in sugar pucker from the C2'-endo range to the C3'-endo range is
      detected at C2 on formation of the d(ACGT) and d(TCGA) complexes. In addition,
      the sugar ring protons of C2 exhibit upfield shifts and a large 1 ppm separation
      between the H2' and H2" protons for both complexes. The L-Ala amide protons
      undergo large downfield complexation shifts consistent with their participation
      in intermolecular hydrogen bonds for both tetranucleotide complexes.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365422
TI  - Repair of isopeptide bonds by protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase: seminal
      ribonuclease as a model system.
AB  - Previous work has shown that in the peptide segment 62-76 of naturally deamidated
      alpha subunit of bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) the alpha-carboxyl group
      of iso-Asp67 is selectively methylated by S-adenosylmethionine:protein carboxyl O
      methyltransferase [Di Donato, A., Galletti, P., & D'Alessio, G. (1986)
      Biochemistry 25, 8361-8368]. In the present study this reaction has been
      characterized, by using the tryptic segment 62-76 of the protein chain (peptide
      alpha 16). The peptide is stoichiometrically methyl esterified with a Km of 6.17
      microM and a Vmax of 19.56 nmol min-1 mg-1, and the product of demethylation has
      been identified as the cyclic succinimidyl derivative of iso-Asp67-Gly68. The
      cleavage of the succinimidyl ring yields two isomeric peptides containing an
      aspartyl residue (peptide alpha 17) and an isoaspartyl residue (peptide alpha
      16). On the basis of these results conditions were defined in which repeated
      cycles of methylation-demethylation led to an effective conversion of peptide
      alpha 16 into peptide alpha 17, a process that can be interpreted as the repair
      of an altered isopeptide bond. When the methyl esterification reaction was
      studied on the native dimeric isoenzymes of seminal RNase and on catalytically
      active monomeric derivatives, including a stabilized alpha-type subunit, the
      results of these experiments showed that none of the protein forms were
      substrates for the methyltransferase. Only the unfolded alpha-type subunit was
      methylated to a stoichiometric extent. These results indicate that the repair of
      altered isopeptide bonds is chemically feasible in peptides but is hindered in
      the case of seminal RNase by its three-dimensional structure.

PMID- 3365423
TI  - The myosin SH2-50-kilodalton fragment cross-link: location and consequences.
AB  - Some of us recently described a new interthiol cross-link which occurs in the
      skeletal myosin subfragment 1-MgADP complex between the reactive sulfhydryl group
      "SH2" (Cys-697) and a thiol (named SH chi) of the 50-kilodalton (kDa) central
      domain of the heavy chain; this link leads to the entrapment of the nucleotide at
      the active site [Chaussepied, P., Mornet, D., & Kassab, R. (1986) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 2037-2041]. In the present study, we identify SH chi as Cys
      540 of the 50-kDa fragment. The portion of the heavy chain including this residue
      and also extending to Cys-522 that is cross-linkable to the "SH1" thiol [Ue, K.
      (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1889-1894] is near the SH2-SH1 region. Furthermore,
      various spectral and enzymatic properties of the (Cys697-Cys540)-N,N'-p
      phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM)-cross-linked myosin chymotryptic subfragment 1 (S-1)
      were established and compared to those for the well-known (SH1-SH2)-pPDM-cross
      linked S-1. The circular dichroism spectra of the new derivative were similar to
      those of native S-1 complexed to MgADP. At 15 mM ionic strength, (Cys697-Cys540)
      S-1 binds very strongly to unregulated actin (Ka = 7 X 10(6) M-1), and the actin
      binding is very weakly affected by ionic strength. Joining actin with the (Cys697
      Cys540)-S-1 heavy chain, using 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide,
      produces different species than does joining unmodified S-1 with actin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365424
TI  - Kinetics of nucleotide and metal ion interaction with G-actin.
AB  - The kinetics of interaction of Ca2+ ions and nucleotides with G-actin have been
      investigated by making use of the enhancement of 1,N6-ethenoadenosine 5'
      triphosphate (epsilon ATP) fluorescence on binding to actin, the enhancement of 2
      [[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-5-methylphenoxy] methyl]-6-methoxy-8
      [bis(carboxymethyl)amino]quinoline (Quin-2) fluorescence on binding to Ca2+, and
      the sensitivity of the fluorescence of an N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1
      naphthyl)ethylenediamine (1,5-AEDANS) group on Cys-374 to metal ion binding. It
      is concluded that metal ion dissociation is the rate-limiting step in nucleotide
      dissociation (0.016 s-1 for Ca2+ at pH 7.2 and 21 degrees C) and that earlier
      conclusions that metal ion release is relatively fast and subsequent nucleotide
      release slow are incorrect. Results presented here and obtained by others on the
      metal ion concentration dependence of the effective rate of nucleotide exchange
      can be interpreted in the light of this conclusion in terms of a limiting rate
      which corresponds to that of metal ion release and an "apparent" dissociation
      constant for Ca2+ which is without direct physical significance. This apparent
      dissociation constant is more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the real
      dissociation constant of Ca2+ from the Ca-actin-ATP complex, which was estimated
      to be 2 X 10(-9) M from a titration with Quin-2. Confirmation that the rate of
      Ca2+ release is rate limiting both in nucleotide dissociation reactions and in
      replacement of Ca2+ by Mg2+ was obtained with 1,5-AEDANS-actin, since both the
      replacement of Ca2+ by Mg2+ and the removal of Ca2+ to give the actin-ATP complex
      occurred at the same (slow) rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365425
TI  - Affinity labeling of hemoglobin with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonate: covalent cross-linking in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site.
AB  - The bifunctional reagent 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS)
      reacts with hemoglobin to give various products whose properties are dependent on
      the ligation state of the protein during the reaction. A major product obtained
      after reaction of (carbonmonoxy)hemoglobin with DIDS was a high oxygen affinity
      derivative [P50 = 1.4 mmHg, control P50 = 6 mmHg; 50 mM [bis(2-hydroxyethyl)
      amino]tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (Bis-Tris), pH 7.4, 0.1 M Cl-, 25 degrees C]
      which contained two molecules of DIDS per tetramer resulting from adduct
      formation at each beta-chain amino terminus. In contrast, a major product of the
      reaction of deoxyhemoglobin with DIDS consisted of hemoglobin which had
      incorporated one molecule of DIDS per tetramer and was cross-linked between the
      beta-chain amino termini. This cross-linked hemoglobin was found to have a
      greatly decreased O2 affinity (P50 = 28 mmHg). Inhibition of the T to R
      transition due to the structural constraint produced by cross-linking the beta
      amino termini is likely to be a major factor in the decreased O2 affinity of this
      product. The structural and functional properties of this molecule make it a
      potential candidate for a cell-free blood substitute.

PMID- 3365426
TI  - Design, synthesis, and characterization of bis-phosphatidylcholine, a mechanistic
      probe of phosphatidylcholine transfer protein catalytic activity.
AB  - The design, synthesis, and characterization of 1-(17,18
      dithiatetratriacontandioyl)-bis(2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero -3- phosphocholine) is
      described. Bis-phosphatidylcholine is a dimeric phospholipid comprised of two
      glycerophosphocholine groups linked together by a disulfide bond at the distal
      ends of the sn-1 fatty acyl chains. Electron microscopy and [14C]glucose trapping
      studies indicate that hydrated dispersions of bis-phosphatidylcholine form
      closed, spherical structures which have diameters in the range of 125-500 nm.
      Sensitivity to phospholipase hydrolysis suggests that this bipolar lipid is
      organized in a membrane such that the two polar head groups of the molecular are
      oriented at the same surface of the membrane. Using conditions in which bovine
      liver phosphatidylcholine transfer protein transfers both unsaturated and
      saturated diacyl phosphatidylcholines between fluid phosphatidylcholine vesicles,
      no transfer of the bipolar phospholipid is observed. The lack of activity toward
      bis-phosphatidylcholine suggests that this molecule may be a useful tool for
      elucidating the role of membrane phosphatidylcholine in the catalytic mechanism
      of the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein.

PMID- 3365427
TI  - Palmitoyl derivatives of L-cysteine, cysteamine, L-cystine, cystamine and their
      incorporation into the bilayers of unilamellar liposomes.
AB  - The amino groups of the amino acids L-cysteine and L-cystine as well as their
      biogene amines cysteamine and cystamine were derivatized with palmitoyl residues.
      The obtained lipophilic R-SH and R-S-S-R components were incorporated into the
      bilayers of unilamellar liposomes. The resulting liposomes carrying about 2000
      functional groups each remained stable and homogeneous during 60 days after
      incorporation of N-palmitoyl cysteamine and N,N'-dipalmitoyl cystamine. The
      incorporation of the lipophilic amino acid derivatives, however, destabilized the
      resulting liposomes. Via the thiol residues of the functionalized liposomes
      activated molecules can be linked to the liposomal surface by disulfide bonds.

PMID- 3365429
TI  - Interaction of the fluorescent probe N-(lissamine Rhodamine B
      sulfonyl)dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine with phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
AB  - The surface density of the fluorescent probe N-(lissamine Rhodamine B
      sulfonyl)dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine is the same in the two lipid leaflets of
      phosphatidylcholine bilayers containing the probe. In the liquid-crystalline
      state, the probe molecules aggregate above a threshold amount, approximately 0.2
      mol/mol phospholipids. Above this threshold value, the surface density of the
      free probe molecules is constant, and all probe molecules added are incorporated
      in the aggregated form. The aggregation of the probe increases by approximately
      20% when the medium pH is lowered to 4. In the gel state, the probe aggregation
      is higher than that in the liquid-crystalline state, and the free probe molecules
      distribute unevenly in the bilayer surface. Even though the results obtained in
      our model system cannot be directly extrapolated to all model systems, we point
      out that care is to be taken in the use of the probe. In fact, only in membranes
      in the liquid-crystalline state in which the amount of probe molecules to
      phospholipid molecules is lower than 1:7 the fluorescence response of the probe
      is independent of the pH changes and of the molecular aggregation.

PMID- 3365430
TI  - Neutron diffraction studies of digalactosyldiacylglycerol.
AB  - The structure of the digalactosyldiacylglycerol bilayer is calculated using
      neutron diffraction data. The polar head group of this lipid is oriented parallel
      to the plane of the bilayer such that the galactose moieties are tightly packed
      at the bilayer surface into a 0.8 nm thick polar layer. The thickness of this
      layer is independent of water activity over a wide range (15-100% relative
      humidity). The constant thickness of both the galactose layer and the hydrocarbon
      layer constrain the structure factor amplitudes to lie on a single continuous
      transform for repeat periods between 4 and 5 nm.

PMID- 3365428
TI  - Comparison of murine band 3 protein-mediated Cl- transport as measured in mouse
      red blood cells and in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Murine band 3 protein was expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis after
      microinjection of the mRNA from the spleens of anemic mice. The 36Cl- efflux from
      the oocytes was compared with the chloride fluxes measured in murine red cells.
      In both oocytes and red cells, the band 3-mediated chloride transport showed the
      following features: the selective inhibitor of band 3-mediated anion transport,
      4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate exerts its effects only when applied to the
      outside and not when applied to the inside of the membrane. The K1/2 for
      inhibition by external 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate was of the order of
      1.5 to 2.0 mumol/l. Flufenamate and persantine also produce similar inhibitory
      effects. Decreasing the pH from 7.4 to 6.0 leads to some inhibition. It is
      concluded that essential features of the mode of action of murine erythroid band
      3 protein in the plasma membrane of the oocyte are similar to the mode of action
      in the bilayer of the red blood cell of the mouse.

PMID- 3365431
TI  - Kinetics of binding of phospholipase A2 to lipid/water interfaces and its
      relationship to interfacial activation.
AB  - The time-course of binding of phospholipase A2 and prophospholipase A2 to
      vesicles and micelles of a variety of substrate and nonhydrolyzable phospholipid
      analogs is obtained by monitoring the change in the fluorescence intensity of Trp
      3 on the protein or of the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl)
      chromophore on the surface of the vesicles. The time-dependent increase in the
      fluorescence intensity of phospholipase A2 is observed only under conditions
      where catalysis and equilibrium binding are also observed. The overall kinetics
      of binding is described by two rate constants. A rapid second-order rate constant
      (ka) for binding of both the proteins is 2.10(7) per s per mol expressed in terms
      of phospholipids as monomers, and 10(10) per s per mol expressed in terms of
      vesicles. This is probably a diffusion-limited encounter of the protein with
      vesicles as the first step in binding. An additional first-order rate constant
      (kb = 4 per s) was also discerned for the binding of phospholipase A2 but not for
      prophospholipase A2. The rate of desorption of the bound iphospholipase A2 in the
      presence of EGTA is very slow (less than 0.0002 per s), whereas the rate of
      desorption of the bound prophospholipase A2 is much more rapid (2.9 per s). The
      mechanistic significance of these rate constants is elaborated in terms of the
      differences in the rates of interfacial catalytic turnover of phospholipase A2
      and prophospholipase A2. As shown elsewhere (Jain et al. Biochim. Biophys. Acta
      860, 435-447) the hydrolysis of anionic vesicles by phospholipase A2 occurs in
      the scooting mode such that the bound enzyme remains on the target vesicles for
      several thousand catalytic turnover cycles. On the other hand, as shown in this
      paper, the kinetics of hydrolysis by prophospholipase A2 is dominated by its
      intervesicle exchange. Therefore, interfacial catalysis by prophospholipase A2 in
      the hopping mode would involve an on- and an off-step in each cycle, resulting in
      a catalytic turnover number of about 1.2 per s. A change from the hopping to the
      scooting mode of catalysis thus provides the kinetic basis for activation of
      interfacial catalysis by phospholipase A2 compared to that for prophospholipase
      A2.

PMID- 3365432
TI  - Acid-induced fusion of liposomes: studies with 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3
      dioic acid.
AB  - The effect of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3-dioic acid on the bilayer to
      hexagonal phase transition temperature of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine is
      markedly dependent on pH. Above pH 6.56, the 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3-dioic
      acid raises the temperature of this transition, i.e., it stabilizes the bilayer
      phase. At pH 6.56 there is little effect of this sterol derivative on the bilayer
      to hexagonal phase transition temperature of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine.
      However, below pH 6.56, the 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3-dioic acid markedly
      lowers the temperature of this transition. The promotion of hexagonal phase
      formation increases both with increasing mol fraction of this sterol derivative
      and with lower pH, particularly in the range between pH 6.56 and pH 5.0. Below
      about pH 6, 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3-dioic acid also induces vesicle fusion
      as measured both by lipid mixing as well as by mixing of aqueous contents. For
      these assays vesicles made of phosphatidylethanolamine (made from egg
      phosphatidylcholine) and extruded through 0.2 micron pore membranes were used. At
      higher concentrations or at lower pH the 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3-dioic
      acid induces some leakage of the contents of these vesicles. Nevertheless, with
      vesicles containing only 2 weight% sterol derivative, it was possible to
      demonstrate substantial mixing of aqueous contents of the vesicles over the pH
      range 3.5 to 5.5. Several of the properties of 2,3-seco-5 alpha-cholestan-2,3
      dioic acid indicate that this compound may be useful in sensitizing vesicles to
      acid-induced fusion for the purpose of endocytic drug delivery.

PMID- 3365433
TI  - A novel gastrin-processing pathway in mammalian antrum.
AB  - An antiserum, L221, has been developed that is specific for the C-terminal region
      of the N-terminal tridecapeptide (i.e., 1-13) fragment of the acid-stimulating
      hormone, G17. In contrast to N-terminal G17 antisera previously used to estimate
      1-13 G17, L221 does not cross-react with other N-terminal gastrin fragments or
      with C-terminal extensions of G17. Using L221 in conjunction with conventional
      gastrin antisera, and reversed-phase HPLC, it has been possible to identify in
      addition to 1-13 G17 a further, formerly unrecognised gastrin fragment, 1-11 G17,
      in stomach extracts. The production of 1-13 G17, 1-11 G17 and other gastrin forms
      such as the biologically active hexapeptide G6 which is known to occur naturally
      cannot be explained by tryptic cleavage of progastrin. Instead, their
      biosynthesis could be explained by the actions of an enzyme with an endopeptidase
      24.11-like specificity. In porcine antrum, unsulphated and sulphated G17 are
      present in similar amounts, but unsulphated 1-13 G17 was about twice as abundant
      as sulphate 1-13 G17. This is consistent with previous in vitro findings that
      endopeptidase 24.11 has a higher affinity for the Ala-11-Tyr-12 and Gly-13-Trp-14
      bonds in unsulphated G17, than in sulphated G17. The results suggest a novel
      albeit minor, processing pathway for gastrin biosynthesis in pig antrum involving
      an enzyme resembling endopeptidase 24.11.

PMID- 3365434
TI  - Amino-acid sequences of four cytotoxins (cytotoxins I, II, III and IV) purified
      from the venom of the Thailand cobra, Naja naja siamensis.
AB  - Four cytotoxins, designated as cytotoxins I, II, III and IV, were isolated from
      the venom of the Thailand cobra (Naja naja siamensis) by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-75 followed by CM-cellulose chromatography. The amino-acid sequences
      were determined by a combination of conventional methods. Cytotoxins I, II, III
      and IV were each composed of 60 amino-acid residues and their molecular weights
      were calculated to be 6693, 6646, 6709 and 6739, respectively. The amino-acid
      sequences were compared with those of cytotoxins from other cobra venoms already
      sequenced.

PMID- 3365435
TI  - Detection and characterization by circular dichroism of a stable intermediate
      state formed in the thermal unfolding of papain.
AB  - The thermal unfolding of papain was studied at pH 2.6 by means of circular
      dichroism and difference spectroscopy. The transition curves obtained from
      ellipticity changes at 208 and 220 nm were biphasic, i.e., they showed two
      distinct successive steps, demonstrating the existence of an intermediate state
      of stable secondary conformation in the denaturation process. Difference
      spectroscopy studies indicated that considerable exposure of aromatic side-chains
      is involved in both steps of the transition. Since papain has two domains in its
      molecular structure, our results suggest that they unfold in a successive way and
      rather independently. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of the
      intermediate state, obtained from its circular dichroism spectrum in the far
      ultraviolet region, seem to point out that the second domain (residues 111-212)
      is the most stable part of the molecule.

PMID- 3365436
TI  - Primary structure of the activation peptide from bovine pancreatic
      procarboxypeptidase A.
AB  - The complete sequence of the 94 residues composing the activation peptide of
      bovine procarboxypeptidase A has been determined by automated analysis of the
      intact activation segment and of three peptides resulting from enzymatic
      cleavages of the isolated peptide. The sequencing of a CNBr peptide isolated from
      procarboxypeptidase A allowed to connect the activation peptide with alpha
      carboxypeptidase A (peptidylprolyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase, EC 3.4.17.1). The
      activation segment has a high content of acidic residues and a proline-rich
      region. Conformational prediction studies show that the bovine peptide, as the
      porcine and rat peptides, contains a high proportion of secondary structure and
      that the structural disposition of the regions in secondary structure is similar
      in the three peptides. The comparison of the sequence of the bovine, porcine and
      rat peptides, although exhibiting a striking homology, clearly shows that 40% of
      the substitutions have led to a charge change.

PMID- 3365437
TI  - Effects of high pressure on the single-turnover kinetics of the carbamylation of
      cholinesterase.
AB  - Pressure, as a perturbing variable, is one of the most powerful tools to
      investigate the thermodynamic parameters of chemical reactions and to study the
      mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The effect of elevated hydrostatic
      pressure (up to 0.8 kbar) on the reaction of butyrylcholinesterase with N-methyl
      (7-dimethylcarbamoxy)quinolinium was determined under single-turnover conditions
      at 35 degrees C. The rate of carbamylation was monitored as the accumulation of
      the fluorescent ion, N-methyl-7-hydroxyquinolinium, in a high-pressure stopped
      flow apparatus designed for the assay of fluorescence. Elevated pressure favored
      formation of the enzyme-substrate complex but inhibited carbamylation of the
      enzyme. Because a single reaction step was recorded, it was possible to interpret
      the data obtained under high pressure in the form of Michaelis-Menten equations.
      From the pressure dependence of the dissociation constant for the enzyme
      substrate complex and the rate constant for carbamylation, maximal volume changes
      accompanying these events were determined. The value for the binding process,
      delta Vb = -129 ml.mol-1, is too large to be related only to volumetric changes
      in the active center. Substrate-induced conformational change and change of water
      structure appear to be the dominant contributions to the overall volume change
      associated with substrate binding. The large positive activation volume measured
      (delta V not equal to = 119 ml.mol-1) may also reflect extended structural and
      hydration changes. At pressures greater than 0.4 kbar, an additional pressure
      effect, dependent on substrate concentration, occurred in a narrow pressure
      interval. This effect may have resulted from a substrate-induced pressure
      sensitive enzyme conformational state.

PMID- 3365438
TI  - Ribonuclease-RNAase inhibitor complex from rat testis. Purification of the RNAase
      inhibitor.
AB  - The RNAase inhibitor from rat testis has been purified to homogeneity. The
      purified protein appeared as a single spot after two-dimensional electrophoresis.
      The calculated Mr value is 48,000 which coincides with that obtained for the
      native protein on gel filtration chromatography, thus indicating a single
      polypeptide chain. The amino acid composition and the characteristics of the
      inhibitor activity are reported and compared to those of other RNAase inhibitors
      from mammalian tissues. The naturally occurring ribonuclease-RNAase inhibitor
      complex from rat testis has also been studied and compared with the rat testis
      inhibitor-RNAase A as model complex. The ribonuclease released from the natural
      rat testis complex showed heterogeneity of size. The significance of the rat
      testis ribonuclease/RNAase inhibitor system is discussed in terms of the
      important functionality of this organ.

PMID- 3365439
TI  - The mechanism of action of barley toxin: a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein
      with RNA N-glycosidase activity.
AB  - In a previous report (Endo, Y. and Tsurugi, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8128
      8130) it was shown that the RNA N-glycosidase activity of ricin A-chain was
      responsible for the ability of this protein to inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes.
      The objective of the present study was to determine whether a similar mechanism
      was used by a ribosome-inactivating protein from pearled barley (barley toxin).
      Rat liver ribosomes were incubated either with ricin A-chain or barley toxin, and
      the rRNA was extracted and treated with acidic aniline to hydrolyze
      phosphodiester bonds rendered susceptible by removal of a purine or pyrimidine
      base. Evaluation of the rRNA by polyacrylamide/agarose electrophoresis disclosed
      two 28 S rRNA-derived fragments which differed in size from those generated by
      untreated (control) ribosomes. Sequencing of the smaller of these fragments
      confirmed that - as is the case for ricin A-chain - the aniline-sensitive site in
      barley toxin-treated ribosomes was between A and G in 28 S rRNA. We conclude that
      barley toxin inactivates ribosomes via a mechanism identical to that of ricin A
      chain: enzymatic hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond at A of 28 S rRNA.

PMID- 3365440
TI  - Utilization of mevalonate by aorta for the synthesis of medium-chain n-fatty
      acids (C8, C10) and acylglycerols.
AB  - [2-14C]Mevalonate was incorporated into acylglycerols by bovine aorta. The
      majority of the radioactivity was found in diacylglycerols. Hydrolysis, followed
      by analysis by thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography, gas
      chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the
      radioactivity was greatest in the medium-chain n-fatty acids, caprylic (C8) and
      capric (C10) acids. Triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols have important functions
      in the maintenance of the metabolic integrity of organs and their constituent
      cells. Therefore, medium-chain fatty acids may play significant roles, such as
      solubilization and transport of cholesterol and regulation of metabolism, as
      constituents of diacylglycerols. The results suggest that the trans
      methylglutaconate shunt of mevalonate metabolism functions in the aorta.

PMID- 3365441
TI  - Interaction of Penicillium notatum phospholipase B with divalent cations.
AB  - The interaction between Penicillium notatum phospholipase B and divalent cations
      such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ was studied. When the purified enzyme, present at
      concentrations of submicrogram to microgram per ml, was incubated with
      submillimolar to millimolar concentrations of CaCl2 or MgCl2, the enzymatic
      activity was remarkably decreased (to no more than 30% of original activity, when
      the enzyme was incubated with 2 mM CaCl2 for 15 min). The inhibitory effect of
      divalent cations was reversible, since dialysis against a metal chelator, such as
      EDTA or EGTA, substantially restored the enzymatic activity. Atomic absorption
      analysis showed the purified enzyme molecule to be present in a complex with Ca2+
      at a ratio approaching 1:1, and this Ca2+ binding was shown to be extremely
      tight, since repeated dialyses of the enzyme molecules against EDTA or EGTA could
      remove the divalent cations only in a gradual manner. During this process, the
      enzyme activity increased also gradually. The remnant fraction of tightly bound
      Ca2+ was released from the enzyme molecule after the denaturation of the enzyme
      by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, and the apoenzyme recovered its
      substantial activity after removal of the denaturing agent by dialysis. On the
      other hand, the content of Mg2+ in the purified enzyme molecule was lower than
      that of Ca2+, and the association of Mg2+ with the enzyme was much weaker in
      comparison to that of Ca2+. Atomic absorption analysis of the enzyme exposed to
      exogenous Ca2+ showed a fast removal, by dialysis, of unbound and weakly bound
      divalent cation, followed by a gradual removal of endogenous Ca2+ and a
      concomitant increase of enzymatic activity, which are similar to data obtained
      for the purified enzyme. Results shown in this report suggest some regulatory
      roles of divalent cations, especially of Ca2+, in the enzymatic function of P.
      notatum phospholipse B.

PMID- 3365442
TI  - Stimulation of receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways of low
      density lipoprotein degradation in arterial smooth muscle cells by platelet
      derived growth factor.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a powerful mitogen released by platelets,
      promoted the degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured primate
      arterial smooth muscle cells and human skin fibroblasts by stimulating both
      receptor-mediated and LDL-receptor-independent uptake of LDL. Stimulation of LDL
      receptor-independent LDL uptake and degradation by PDGF was demonstrated in three
      ways. First, the small amount of LDL that was degraded by LDL-receptor-negative
      skin fibroblasts was stimulated by PDGF. Second, PDGF led to increased
      degradation of LDL that had been reductively methylated to prevent its binding to
      LDL receptors. Third, 125I-labeled LDL degradation was stimulated by PDGF in the
      presence of high concentrations of unlabeled LDL, i.e., conditions under which
      the contribution of the LDL receptor to cellular uptake and degradation is
      reduced. These observations suggest that mitogens, as typified by PDGF, can
      facilitate the cellular delivery of LDL cholesterol by both LDL-receptor-mediated
      and non-LDL-receptor-mediated mechanisms to provide exogenous cholesterol for use
      during cell replication.

PMID- 3365443
TI  - Metabolism of low-density lipoprotein-proteoglycan complex by macrophages:
      further evidence for a receptor pathway.
AB  - Earlier, we (Vijayagopal, P., et al. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 837-251) have
      shown that complexes of plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and arterial
      chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan aggregate promote LDL
      degradation and cholesteryl ester accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
      Further studies were conducted to determine whether LDL-proteoglycan complex is
      metabolized by a receptor-mediated process. Native proteoglycan aggregate was
      isolated from bovine aorta by associative CsCl isopycnic centrifugation. Complex
      of 125I-labeled LDL and proteoglycan aggregate formed in the presence of 30 mM
      Ca2+ was incubated with macrophages, and the binding at 4 degrees C and
      degradation at 37 degrees C of 125I-labeled LDL in the complex was monitored.
      Both binding and degradation of the complex were specific and saturable,
      suggesting that the processes are receptor mediated. The Kd for binding was 23
      micrograms LDL protein per ml in the complex. Degradation of 125I-labeled LDL
      proteoglycan complex was not suppressed by preincubation of macrophages with
      excess unlabeled complex, suggesting that the receptor for the complex is not
      subject to down regulation. Both binding and degradation of the complex and the
      resultant stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis were inhibited by limited
      treatment of cells with low doses of trypsin and pronase, indicating that the
      binding sites are protein or glycoprotein in nature. Binding was not inhibited by
      an excess of native LDL and beta-VLDL and exhibited only partial competition by
      excess unlabeled acetyl-LDL; however, polyinosinic acid, fucoidin and dextran
      sulfate, known inhibitors of acetyl-LDL binding and degradation in macrophages,
      did not affect LDL-proteoglycan complex binding and degradation. Similarly,
      excess unlabeled LDL-proteoglycan complex produced only partial inhibition of the
      binding and degradation of 125I-labeled acetyl-LDL by macrophages, suggesting
      that the binding sites for acetyl-LDL and LDL-proteoglycan complex are probably
      not identical. These studies provide evidence for a receptor-mediated pathway for
      the metabolism of LDL-proteoglycan complex in macrophages.

PMID- 3365444
TI  - The effect of dietary lipid hydroperoxide on lymphoid tissues in mice.
AB  - Effects of dietary lipid hydroperoxides on lymphoid tissue were studied in mice.
      When graded amounts (190, 270 and 310 mg) of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide
      (MLHPO) were orally administered to male C57BL/6 mice (6 weeks old), necrosis was
      observed in lymphocytes located among the reticular network in the thymus, and
      thymus weight was significantly decreased 24 h after the treatment. The spleen
      weight of mice given MLHPO tended to decrease. Spontaneous chemiluminescence of
      the thymus was remarkably increased after the dose. Thiobarbituric acid reactants
      in the liver, thymus and blood were also increased after the dose of MLHPO. At
      intervals of 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after a dose of 14C-labeled MLHPO, 14C was
      detected in the blood and liver. Fatty infiltration of the liver was found after
      the treatment with MLHPO. These findings indicate that oral intake of lipid
      hydroperoxides causes significant damage to lymphoid tissues of mice.

PMID- 3365445
TI  - Enhanced turnover of phosphatidylcholine in platelets of hypertensive rats.
      Possible involvement of a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the mechanism involved in the hyperreactivity of
      platelets in primary hypertension, the dynamic behavior of phospholipids was
      investigated in quiescent platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)
      compared to normotensive controls. By using 32Pi, [methyl-3H]choline or
      [3H]glycerol as the radioactive precursors, the labeling of phosphatidylcholine
      (PC) was shown to be markedly enhanced (10-20-times) in SHR compared to controls.
      This difference between SHR and controls could not be ascribed to differences
      either in the actual amount of PC or in the uptake of various labels, suggesting
      that PC turnover was markedly enhanced in platelets of SHR. The [methyl
      3H]choline labeling of phosphocholine and of CDP-choline was twice as high in SHR
      as in controls; chase experiments showed that when the label disappeared from
      phosphocholine, it was rapidly converted to PC. The results indicated that in rat
      platelets, PC synthesis occurred mainly via the CDP-choline pathway, and
      suggested that CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase was the rate-limiting
      step; they also indicated that the activity of this enzyme and that of choline
      kinase might be enhanced in SHR platelets compared to Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY)
      platelets, and may thus be responsible for the enhanced PC synthesis. From these
      results, the existence of a PC-specific phospholipase C activity involved in PC
      turnover in SHR platelets can be envisaged.

PMID- 3365446
TI  - Conformational analysis of lipoxin A, lipoxin B and their trans-isomers.
AB  - Lipoxin A and lipoxin B (LXA and LXB) are formed from the oxygenation of
      arachidonic acid by interactions between the 5- and 15-lipoxygenases of human
      leukocytes. Each compound displays highly stereospecific biological actions.
      Here, we present a computational description of the following compounds: lipoxin
      A, (5S,6R,15S)-trihydroxy-7,9,13-trans-11-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; 11-trans
      lipoxin A, (5S,6R,15S)-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid; lipoxin
      B, (5S,14R,15S)-trihydroxy-6,10,12-trans-8-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid; and 8-trans
      lipoxin B, (5S,14R,15S)-trihydroxy-6,8,10,12-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid. The
      analyses considered van der Waals energy, electrostatic interactions, torsional
      potential, and alterations in electrostatic forces. Additional analyses were
      carried out with each of the four compounds forming complexes with one calcium
      ion. Each compound gave very different conformers. Both lipoxin A and lipoxin B
      can form globular conformations, while their all-trans isomers form rigid
      extended structures. When complexes with each of these compounds and one calcium
      ion were examined (i.e., (LXA)2Ca: (11-trans-LXA)2Ca), both LXA and LXB formed
      several flexible conformations including crumpled, wrapped or extended
      conformations. In this situation, LXA showed a higher probability than LXB to
      wrap around one Ca2+. In contrast, the two all-trans isomers always lead to
      extended conformations. Results from the present study illustrate that changes in
      the stereochemistry of LXA and LXB lead to unique conformations which may
      underlie the different biological actions of these compounds. Moreover, they
      indicate that the conformations of eicosanoids can change while in aqueous or
      hydrophobic environments (i.e., biomembranes).

PMID- 3365447
TI  - Ligand-binding properties of albumin Parklands: Asp365----His.
AB  - An albumin variant, isolated from the plasma of a patient with bisalbuminemia,
      was compared with albumin A from the same patient for binding of long-chain fatty
      acids and bilirubin. No differences in binding of [14C]palmitate, cis-parinaric
      acid or bilirubin could be detected for the variant form. These results suggest
      that the region adjacent to residue 365 is unlikely to be part of a major binding
      site for any of these ligands.

PMID- 3365448
TI  - Effects of antibodies against odorant binding proteins on electrophysiological
      responses to odorants.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against two olfactory mucosal proteins, one with affinity
      for anisole-like and the other for benzaldehyde-like compounds, were applied to
      mouse olfactory epithelium. Responses to three odorants (anisole, benzaldehyde
      and amyl acetate) were measured. Of 26 antibodies, three (12%) inhibited
      responses only to the odorant with affinity for the antigen, nine (35%) inhibited
      responses to all three odorants, and 14 (54%) were without effect. None reduced
      responses by as much as 50%. The data support the hypothesis that there is a
      class of related proteins in olfactory neuronal cell membranes that function as
      receptor molecules and that other mechanisms also mediate odorant stimulation.

PMID- 3365449
TI  - Release of doxorubicin from peritoneal macrophages exposed in vivo to doxorubicin
      containing liposomes.
AB  - Intracellular depot formation may be an important component of the mode of action
      of doxorubicin (DXR)-containing liposomes. In this paper it was investigated
      whether it is possible that DXR is released from macrophages which have taken up
      DXR-containing liposomes in vivo. Macrophages were harvested from the peritoneal
      cavity of LOU/M rats after i.p. administration of DXR-liposomes. Two different
      liposome types were used for this investigation. The amount of DXR associated
      with macrophages was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. In
      order to monitor DXR release from the macrophages, an in vitro tumor cell growth
      inhibition assay was applied. Peritoneal macrophages collected 24 h after an i.p.
      injection of DXR-liposomes (10 mg/kg body weight) caused considerable growth
      inhibition of tumor cells in culture. The cytostatic potential of macrophage
      monolayers in vitro depended on the type of injected DXR-liposomes and was
      directly related to the amount of macrophage-associated DXR. The DXR content of
      the macrophage monolayers was completely released from the cells into the culture
      medium during the cocultivation with tumor cells. Supernatants obtained from
      monolayers, which were cultivated in the absence of tumor cells, showed a high
      growth-inhibitory activity. DXR either free or in liposomal form was chemically
      stable for up to 26 h during incubation with lysosomal fractions isolated from
      rat liver homogenates. The results indicate that release of DXR from macrophages
      which have phagocytosed DXR-liposomes in vivo is a real possibility.

PMID- 3365450
TI  - Incidence and characteristics of cell pieces on human milk fat globules.
AB  - For biochemical and nutritional purposes, milk fat globules of a species are
      assumed to be more or less uniform. The incidence of organelle-containing
      cytoplasm (crescents) on human milk fat globules was determined by fluorescence
      microscopy employing acridine orange. The percentage of globules with crescents
      in 20 predominantly morning samples from 17 donors ranged from 1 to 38% with
      three-quarters falling between 3 and 8%. However, analysis of morning and night
      samples from eight donors showed a significant nocturnal rise in the proportion
      of globules with crescents. Values for night samples were, on average, twice
      those for morning samples. Crescents deteriorate in human milk. These changes
      begin in the breast, with marked disintegration occurring in milk during 36-h
      storage at 2 degrees C. Crescents were isolated from globules by churning and
      separated from the released membrane by selective centrifugation. SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that crescents contribute bands which
      render the globule protein pattern more complex. The significance of crescents in
      globule secretion, globule membrane preparation, infant nutrition and as a source
      of mammary cell components is discussed.

PMID- 3365451
TI  - Thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide B release from normal and variant fibrinogens:
      influence of inhibitors of fibrin polymerization.
AB  - Thrombin preferentially cleaves fibrinopeptides A (FPA) from fibrinogen resulting
      in the formation of desAA-fibrin from which most of the fibrinopeptides B (FPB)
      are then released with an enhanced rate. Kinetics of fibrinopeptide release from
      normal and dysfunctional fibrinogens were investigated in order to further
      characterize the mechanism of accelerated FPB release during desAA-fibrin
      polymerization. Dysfunctional fibrinogens London I and Ashford, exhibiting
      primary polymerization abnormalities (i.e., an abnormality present when all
      fibrinopeptides have been cleaved), which in the case of fibrinogen London I is
      believed to be caused by a defect in the D-domain, were shown to exhibit a
      decreased rate of FPB release compared with normal fibrinogen. While Gly-Pro-Arg
      Pro, an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization, was shown to decrease the rate of FPB
      release from normal fibrinogen by a factor of 5, normal fragment D1, although
      inhibiting clot formation of normal fibrinogen, did not influence the
      acceleration of FPB release. On the other hand, the presence of fragment D1 did
      not enhance FPB release from fibrinogen London I, suggesting that interaction of
      D-domains in functional isolation with desAA-fibrin E-domains is not sufficient
      to enhance FPB release. Although clot formation was inhibited by the
      concentrations of fragment D1 used, the formation of small desAA-fibrin oligomers
      was hardly affected. Thus, small fibrin polymers, but not desAA-fibrin monomers,
      act as optimal substrates for the release of FPB by thrombin.

PMID- 3365452
TI  - Purification and characterization of bradykinin-hydrolyzing enzyme from 2-day-old
      rat epidermis.
AB  - Bradykinin-hydrolyzing enzyme was purified 200-fold from a soluble fraction of
      cornified cells from 2-day-old rat epidermis. The enzyme has an Mr of 80,000 as
      identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and HPLC gel filtration. The
      isoelectric point of the enzyme is 5.05. The enzyme hydrolyzed Phe5-Ser6 of
      bradykinin and seven bradykinin-related peptides, and Tyr5-Ser6 of Tyr5
      bradykinin. Production of bradykinin fragments, Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe and Ser-Pro
      Phe-Arg, proceeded in a stoichiometric fashion. Km and Vmax values for bradykinin
      were 33 microM and 22.2 mumol/min per mg, respectively. The enzyme did not
      hydrolyze azocasein, denatured hemoglobin or synthetic substrates for other
      epidermal proteinases. The enzyme activity was enhanced by reducing agents and
      inhibited by sulfhydryl-blocking agents and divalent cations. Diisopropyl
      fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride had no effects. The enzyme has
      a pH optimum of 7.0-7.5 and is stable at 4 degrees C for 1 month, but loses
      activity completely at 60 degrees C for 10 min. The epidermal endopeptidase
      differs in several properties from endooligopeptidase A purified from brain which
      hydrolyzes Phe5-Ser6 of bradykinin.

PMID- 3365453
TI  - Purification and characterization of a human urine ribonuclease (RNAase 1)
      showing genetic polymorphism.
AB  - A ribonuclease (RNAase) was isolated and purified from the urine of a 45-year-old
      man by column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, cellulose phosphate and
      CM-cellulose followed by gel filtrations on Bio-Gel P-100 and Sephadex G-75, and
      finally to a homogeneous state by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      enzyme was designated RNAase 1. It was possible to detect RNAase 1 isozymes in
      urine and serum without difficulty using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis
      followed by immunoblotting with a rabbit antibody specific to RNAase 1. The
      existence of genetic polymorphism of RNAase 1 was detected in human serum
      utilizing this technique (Yasuda, T. et al. (1988) Am. J. Hum. Genet., in press).
      RNAase 1 in serum and urine seemed to exist in multiple forms with regard to
      molecular weight and pI value. Genetically polymorphic RNAase 1 was a
      glycoprotein, containing three mannose, one fucose, four glucosamine and no
      sialic acid residues per molecule, with a molecular weight of 16,000 and 17,500
      determined by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      respectively. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 on yeast RNA substrate and
      inhibited remarkably by Cu2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+. It also showed definite substrate
      preference for poly(C) and poly(U), but much less activity against poly(A) and
      poly(G). Thus, the enzyme is a pyrimidine-specific RNAase.

PMID- 3365454
TI  - Gastric mucosal tyrosine kinase activity during aging and its relationship to
      cell proliferation in rats.
AB  - The relationship between tyrosine kinase activity and cellular proliferative
      activity was investigated in the gastric mucosa. For the purpose of comparison,
      the liver and the pancreas were also included. Groups of 2-, 14- and 22-month-old
      male Fischer-344 rats were used. Tyrosine kinase activity was determined in the
      membrane fraction (30,000 x g pellet) utilizing a synthetic polymer, Glu-Tyr
      (4:1), as substrate. Cellular proliferative activity was assessed by measuring
      ornithine decarboxylase in the 20,000 x g supernatant. In all age groups, gastric
      mucosal tyrosine kinase activity was found to be 10-20-fold higher than in the
      liver or pancreas. In addition, gastric mucosal tyrosine kinase activity in 22
      month-old rats was 35-70% higher than in their 2- and 14-month-old counterparts.
      Gastric mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity also followed essentially the
      same pattern as that of tyrosine kinase in that the highest activity was observed
      in 22-month-old rats. Increased gastric mucosal proliferative activity in 22
      month-old rats was also associated with increased tyrosine-phosphorylation of a
      mucosal membrane protein with an apparent Mr of 53,000. An opposite phenomenon
      occurred in the pancreas whose proliferative activity was found to be the lowest.
      It is concluded that the age-associated changes in gastric mucosal proliferative
      activity are accompanied by parallel alterations in tyrosine kinase activity.
      Tyrosine-phosphorylation of a 53 kDa membrane protein may play a role in the
      regulation of cell proliferation.

PMID- 3365455
TI  - The expression of an N-CAM serum fragment is positively correlated with severity
      of negative features in type II schizophrenia.
AB  - The expression of a 70-kD serum fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N
      CAM) in schizophrenia is described. Schizophrenic patients (n = 40) were found to
      have statistically significant increases (p less than 0.0001) in serum N-CAM
      levels when compared to normal individuals (n = 26), and this could not be
      associated with age or sex. This difference was more marked (p less than 0.0001)
      between type II schizophrenics (n = 13) and normal individuals (n = 26) than when
      patients in the overlap group between type I and type II schizophrenia (n = 18)
      were compared to normal individuals (p less than 0.001). This difference remained
      significant (p less than 0.01) when overlap patients were compared to those of
      type II schizophrenia. Furthermore, schizophrenic patients with lower serum N-CAM
      proved to be better responders to neuroleptic therapy. We suggest that these
      elevated serum N-CAM levels reflect an increased synaptic turnover rate in this
      psychotic state.

PMID- 3365456
TI  - P300 in schizophrenia: confirmation and statistical validation of temporal region
      deficit in P300 topography.
AB  - Comparison of normal and medicated schizophrenic groups on the auditory P300
      component of the event-related potential confirmed our earlier finding of a left
      temporal deficit in P300 amplitude in schizophrenia. A difference in P300
      topography between groups was evident in both color mapping and in grand-averaged
      waveforms, which was statistically validated by the presence of a group-by-scalp
      region interaction (p less than 0.05). The left temporal area in schizophrenics
      was denoted as the region of greatest deficit and of maximal statistical
      separation (p less than 0.05) relative to normals by t statistic mapping (SPM),
      Hotelling's T-squared "protected" contrasts of individual scalp regions, and the
      relative ratio of left scalp amplitudes to right scalp amplitudes. The left
      temporal scalp region yielding maximal group separation in the previous study
      also statistically separated the schizophrenic group from the normal group. This
      feature correctly differentiated 9 of 11 schizophrenics and 7 of 9 controls.
      These findings are compatible with other histological, metabolic, and
      electrophysiological studies suggesting temporal lobe abnormality in
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 3365457
TI  - Evaluation of the role of pre- and postsynaptic serotonergic receptors in
      electroconvulsive shock therapy.
AB  - Despite the well-established clinical efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
      in the treatment of affective disorders, there is no generally accepted theory
      regarding its mode of action. Pre- and postsynaptic serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors were studied following treatment of rabbits
      with electroconvulsive therapy (8 shocks). No change was observed in the binding
      at the postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptor in frontoparietal cortex, as indicated by an
      unchanged affinity and by the total number of receptors. In control rabbits,
      exogenously added serotonin and metitepin modulated the electrically evoked 3H
      serotonin release, probably by acting on a presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor.
      Following electroconvulsive therapy, exogenous serotonin still inhibited the 3H
      serotonin release, whereas metitepin had lost its enhancing effect. This
      observation provides evidence for a decreased amount of endogenous
      neurotransmitter present in the synaptic cleft at stimulation. The results
      indicate that postsynaptic receptor changes following antidepressant treatments
      are related to the presynaptic autoreceptor changes.

PMID- 3365458
TI  - Stimulation of serum cortisol and prolactin secretion in humans by MK-212, a
      centrally active serotonin agonist.
AB  - The effects of MK-212 [6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)-pyrazine] (10, 20, and 40 mg,
      orally), a centrally acting serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist and placebo, on
      serum cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone levels were studied in eight
      healthy men over 3-hr. MK-212 produced a dose-related increase in serum cortisol
      levels, with the 20- and 40-mg doses producing significant elevations. Serum
      prolactin levels were significantly elevated only by the 40-mg dose. Serum GH
      levels were not significantly modified by any dose of MK-212. The cortisol and
      prolactin responses to the 40-mg dose of MK-212 were positively correlated (rho =
      + 0.85, p less than 0.02). MK-212 was generally well tolerated by the subjects.
      Headache and nausea were observed at the higher doses, but did not appear to be
      related to the increase in serum cortisol and prolactin levels. MK-212 may
      stimulate the secretion of cortisol and prolactin in humans via a serotonin (5
      HT2) receptor mechanism and may be a valuable tool with which to study 5-HT
      receptor sensitivity in humans.

PMID- 3365459
TI  - Heart rate and activity in response to natural stimuli in nervous and normal
      pointer dogs.

PMID- 3365460
TI  - Measurement of 3H-serotonin uptake in blood platelets in major depressive
      episodes.

PMID- 3365461
TI  - The cytoskeleton and rat granulosa cell steroidogenesis: possible involvement of
      microtubules and microfilaments.
AB  - The participation of both microtubules and microfilaments in granulosa cell
      steroidogenesis was assessed by monitoring the effects of colchicine (0-250
      microM) and/or cytochalasin B (0-10 micrograms/ml) or dihydrocytochalasin B (0
      2.0 micrograms/ml) on cellular morphology and production of progestins during 24
      h of culture. Both colchicine and the cytochalasins increased granulosa cell
      production of progesterone and of 20 alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH
      progesterone) in a dose-dependent manner. The largest increase in steroidogenesis
      (about 2- to 3-fold) was observed at 4-250 microM colchicine and at 2-10
      micrograms/ml cytochalasin. Those concentrations of the inhibitors of microtubule
      or microfilament polymerization that stimulated basal progestin production also
      markedly influenced cell spreading. Whereas cells cultured for 24 h in medium
      alone became very flattened with numerous cytoplasmic extensions, those cultured
      with colchicine (0.2-250 microM) or cytochalasin (0.4-2 micrograms/ml) were much
      less spread and progressively became more rounded and regular in outline. These
      changes in cell morphology were reflected by decreases in the mean area occupied
      by the cells on the culture surface of up to 60-65% and reductions in mean
      contour index values from 5.7 +/- 0.1 (control) to 3.9 +/- 0.1 (250 microM
      colchicine), 4.2 +/- 0.1 (2 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B), or 4.1 +/- 0.1 (2
      micrograms/ml dihydrocytochalasin B). Cultures containing both colchicine and
      cytochalasin B exhibited a greater steroidogenic response than that elicited by
      either inhibitor alone. For example, granulosa cell progesterone production was
      stimulated almost 2-fold by 4 microM colchicine or 2 microM/ml cytochalasin B,
      but 5.5-fold by 4 microM colchicine plus 2 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365462
TI  - Photoperiodic disruption of photorefractoriness in the ewe.
AB  - The primary objective of this study was to determine the duration of exposure to
      a long-day or short-day photoperiod required to disrupt photorefractoriness to
      short-day and long-day photoperiods, respectively. In Experiment 1, 4 groups of
      Suffolk breed ewes--designated B1, B2, B3, and B4--were placed in photochambers
      one day before the winter solstice, exposed to a 16L:8D photoperiod for 0, 30,
      60, or 90 days, and then exposed to a 10L:14D photoperiod until the time of the
      summer solstice. Blood samples taken by venipuncture thrice weekly were analyzed
      for progesterone concentrations. The interval between start of the study and
      cessation of estrous cycles did not differ significantly between groups (p
      greater than 0.05). All 6 ewes in Group B1 then remained in anestrus for the
      duration of the study. Four of the 6 ewes in Group B2, and all ewes in Groups B3
      and B4 resumed cycles after exposure to the 10L:14D photoperiod. In Experiment 2,
      4 groups of ewes--designated A1, A2, A3, and A4--were placed in photochambers one
      day before the summer solstice, exposed to a 10L:14D photoperiod for 0, 30, 60,
      and 90 days, respectively, and then exposed to a 16L:8D photoperiod. Ewes in
      Group A1 started estrous cycles at a time not significantly different from ewes
      kept outdoors. However, onset of cycles was significantly advanced (p less than
      0.05) in ewes exposed to 10L:14D. After ewes were returned to the 16L:8D
      photoperiod, estrous cycles were suppressed in 5 of 6 ewes in Group A2 and in all
      ewes in Groups A3 and A4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365463
TI  - The effects of pulsed adrenocorticotropin1-24 administration to one twin on the
      endocrine and uterine activity changes during twin pregnancy in sheep.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that systemic endocrine events are of more importance than
      local intrauterine endocrine changes in the control of myometrial activity at
      labor, we examined the endocrine changes and development of uterine activity in
      chronically catheterized twin fetal sheep during administration of
      adrenocorticotropin1-24 (ACTH1-24) to one of the twins. Fetal and maternal plasma
      cortisol, progesterone, estrone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 13, 14 dihydro 15
      keto prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured before and during pulsatile
      administration of ACTH1-24 (1 microgram infused over 15 min, every 2 h; P-ACTH)
      to one fetus in each of six twin pregnancies until parturition was initiated. In
      all cases, each fetus was in a separate uterine horn. The same hormone
      measurements were made in each co-twin that remained untreated. Intrauterine
      pressure and electromyographic activity of each uterine horn were monitored
      continuously throughout the study. In ewes pregnant with twins, the onset of
      active labor occurred after a mean infusion interval of 204.0 +/- 29.5 h (SEM),
      which is considerably longer than has been reported for singleton pregnancies. In
      the P-ACTH-infused twin, birth was preceded by a progressive rise in plasma
      cortisol beginning 24 h after the start of infusion. This was followed by a later
      rise in plasma estrone and PGE2, and by a decline in plasma progesterone. In the
      uninfused twin, delivery was preceded by a small rise in plasma cortisol that was
      concomitant with a rise in the concentration of cortisol in the maternal
      circulation. The concentrations of estrone and progesterone in the uninfused twin
      did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365464
TI  - Gonadotropin effects on chromosomal normality of hamster preimplantation embryos.
AB  - Induction of ovulation with pregnant mare's serum (PMS) and the timing of human
      chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection on chromosomal normality were examined in
      preimplantation hamster embryos. Two separate experimental trials were done. The
      first compared superovulation (SO, PMS on Day 1 of the cycle followed by hCG on
      Day 4) to natural ovulation. Natural mating was used. In the second series of
      trials, precocious superovulation (PSO, PMS on Day 1 followed by hCG on Day 3)
      was used. Since there is poor sperm transport in PSO females, direct uterine
      artificial insemination (AI) was used to achieve fertilization. The control
      animals in the second series of trials were naturally ovulating females subjected
      to the artificial insemination procedure. Of 785 embryos analyzed in the SO
      group, 9 (1.1%) were aneuploid (5 hyperploidy and 4 hypoploidy) and 8 (1.0%)
      showed triploidy. In the PSO group, artificial insemination resulted in a normal
      development rate of 85.5% up to the 2-cell stage. A total of 2.6% karyotypically
      abnormal embryos, consisting of 5 (1.1%) aneuploid and 7 (1.5%) polyploid, were
      found among 460 embryos examined in PSO females. No significant difference in the
      incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was observed between the stages of
      development. The overall incidence of chromosomal imbalance in hormonally treated
      females was not significantly different from that in controls (2.2% in SO cycles
      vs. 1.2% in natural cycles, 2.6% in PSO with AI vs. 2.4% in natural cycles with
      AI). These results indicate that PMS-hCG treatment has no adverse effect on the
      chromosomal integrity of hamster preimplantation embryos.

PMID- 3365465
TI  - Prolonged lactational infertility in adolescent rhesus monkeys.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of first pregnancy and nursing behavior on
      postpartum infertility in seasonally breeding rhesus monkeys to assess whether
      prolonged lactational infertility observed in adolescent mothers is due to a
      particular pattern of nursing or to decrements in body growth rates. After a
      successful first pregnancy, a significant percentage of the lactating adolescent
      mothers (57.1%; n = 8) failed to exhibit an ovulation with normal luteal phase
      during the subsequent breeding season. In contrast, the remaining lactating
      adolescents (42.9%, n = 6) and all of the adult mothers (100%, n = 6) exhibited
      ovulations with a normal luteal phase. Age alone was not the critical variable,
      since all nonlactating adolescents exhibited ovulations with normal luteal phase
      parameters in the subsequent breeding season. The luteal phase abnormalities
      exhibited by the subset of lactating adolescent females were characterized by an
      inadequate luteal phase (ILP) and by significantly lower serum levels of
      progesterone, estradiol, and bioactive luteinizing hormone. The occurrence of
      these ILP ovulations was associated with more frequent nursing bouts prior to
      ovulation and during the subsequent luteal phase. In contrast, nursing patterns
      for adult females who had ovulations with normal luteal phases were more similar
      to those of the infertile lactating adolescents exhibiting significantly longer
      and more frequent nursing bouts, suggesting that fully adult females may be less
      sensitive to the inhibitory aspects of a suckling stimulus. Differences in luteal
      phase function among lactating adolescents were not related to differential rates
      of ponderal or skeletal growth. A still-developing neuroendocrine system may thus
      render a significant proportion of adolescent females more sensitive to suckling
      induced suppression of gonadotropin secretion.

PMID- 3365466
TI  - Aging and chronic estradiol exposure impair estradiol-induced cornification but
      not proliferation of vaginal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Long-term exposure of adult female rodents to estrogen has many deleterious
      effects on reproductive neuro-endocrine structure and function, but its effects
      on peripheral target tissues are not well known. This study was designed to
      determine whether chronic exposure of young mice to estradiol (E2) alters the
      response of the vagina to E2, and if so, whether aging potentiates this
      alteration. Eight-week-old mice were ovariectomized (ovx) and given subcutaneous
      Silastic or polyethylene (PE) implants containing E2. Silastic implants produced
      supra-physiologic E2 levels, while E2 levels in PE-implanted mice were within the
      physiologic range. Initially all E2-exposed mice showed vaginal cornification
      (CORN). However, CORN soon began to decline and was virtually absent 3-5 mo after
      implantation, despite evidence of continued, albeit reduced, release of E2 from
      the implants. Mice were reimplanted with new E2 implants to determine whether the
      loss of CORN resulted from an altered response to E2 or from a decreased release
      of E2 from the implants. Vaginas of mice previously exposed to either Silastic
      (high E2) or PE (low E2) implants failed to cornify in response to new E2
      implants, whereas vaginas of mice that had been initially exposed to implants
      without E2 cornified in response to identical E2 implants. When old (23 mo)
      acutely ovx mice were given E2-containing Silastic implants, the peak level and
      duration of CORN were only one-third and one-fifth, respectively, of that seen in
      young mice. Non-cornifying epithelia from both young and old chronically E2
      exposed mice were as hyperplastic and active mitotically as cornifying epithelia,
      indicating that the loss of CORN was not a result of decreased epithelial
      proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365467
TI  - Experiential and endocrine dependence of gonadotropin responses in male mice to
      conspecific urine.
AB  - Previous research has shown that a urinary pheromone of female mice acts via the
      vomeronasal organ of the accessory olfactory system to elicit rapid release of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) in conspecific males. Several experiments were conducted
      to examine the importance of sexual experience for gonadotropin responses in male
      mice to female urine, male urine, saline, or mixtures of these stimuli. Both
      sexually naive and sexually experienced male mice had significantly higher plasma
      LH levels after presentations of female urine than after presentations of male
      urine. However, sexual experience appeared to increase the reliability of the
      short-latency gonadotropin response to female urine relative to a sexually
      neutral component of urine such as sodium chloride, and male urine appeared to
      suppress spontaneous LH secretion episodes in both naive and sexually experienced
      males. Subsequent experiments with sexually experienced subjects demonstrated
      that male mouse urine is a powerful suppressant of LH release in other males.
      Specifically, female mouse urine mixed with male urine failed to elicit LH
      responses in male subjects, whereas female urine mixed with saline was highly
      effective. Urine obtained from castrated male donors was as potent as urine from
      intact males in suppressing the gonadotropin response to female urine. The
      suppressive activity in male mouse urine thus does not appear to be critically
      dependent on gonadal hormones. The existence of a potent stimulatory pheromone in
      female urine and a potent suppressive pheromone in male urine makes male mice an
      excellent model system for studying the neural regulation of LH secretion.

PMID- 3365468
TI  - Chemical properties of a female mouse pheromone that stimulates gonadotropin
      secretion in males.
AB  - Female mouse urine contains a pheromone that acts via the vomeronasal organ of
      conspecific males to stimulate a rapid increase in circulating levels of
      luteinizing hormone. A bioassay based on this male response was used to test
      biochemical preparations of female urine. Retention of significant biological
      activity by the urine after dialysis indicated that the activity is associated
      with urinary protein. Complete loss of activity from the urine after adsorption
      chromatography on a neutral polystyrene column suggested that the protein
      functions as a pheromone carrier. Assay of gel permeation chromatography
      fractions, before and after degradation of the urinary proteins with proteolytic
      enzymes, demonstrated that the protein is not necessary for the male response in
      the bioassay. Its resistance to vigorous proteolytic enzyme treatment further
      indicates that the pheromone is not a peptide. High biological activity,
      indistinguishable from that of the unfractionated urine, was isolated in a
      protein-depleted, presumably low molecular weight fraction containing compounds
      that are retarded by adsorption on Sephadex. The chemical properties of this
      female mouse pheromone are markedly different from those of a recently purified
      female hamster pheromone that also acts via the vomeronasal organ.

PMID- 3365469
TI  - Isolation and characterization of epididymal epithelial cell plasma membranes.
AB  - Sperm maturation and storage occur in a unique milieu created in large part by
      the epididymal epithelium. To learn more about the interaction of the epididymal
      epithelial cell with both luminal and systemic environments, we now report on the
      preparation and characterization of epididymal epithelial cell plasma membranes.
      A preparation enriched for epididymal epithelial cell plasma membranes was
      isolated from collagenase-digested epididymal tubule fragments by hand-Dounce
      homogenization, differential centrifugation, and sucrose gradient centrifugation.
      The final membrane fraction was enriched 11-fold for the plasma membrane marker
      5'-nucleotidase; 2.6-fold for the lysosomal marker acid phosphatase, and 3-fold
      for the Golgi marker thiamine pyrophosphatase. No enrichment was observed for
      mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum enzyme markers. Specific and saturable
      transferrin-binding activity was also detected in the final preparation. Electron
      microscopy revealed the presence of vesicles and sheets of membranes as well as
      an occasional Golgi apparatus. The plasma membrane fraction was used to generate
      monoclonal antibodies. Of 102 wells exhibiting growth, 12 were positive by
      immunofluorescent staining of frozen sections. Ten of these recognized
      determinants in epithelial cells, and 2 stained peritubular smooth muscle cells.
      Most of the epithelial cell-specific antibodies stained brush border alone or in
      combination with the basolateral plasma membrane. Three antibodies stained the
      Golgi apparatus. Most antibodies were specific for particular epididymal regions,
      3 also recognized determinants in the kidney, and 1 stained residual bodies in
      the testis.

PMID- 3365470
TI  - Epididymal maturation and the acrosome reaction in mouse sperm: response to zona
      pellucida develops coincident with modification of M42 antigen.
AB  - Development of the sperm's capacity to interact with the zona pellucida was
      investigated at the stage when the acrosome reaction (AR) is induced. The
      response of epididymal sperm to agents that affect the occurrence of the AR was
      used to monitor maturational changes. Despite the finding that sperm from the
      three main epididymal regions were competent to undergo ARs induced by the
      divalent cation ionophore A23187 (56% AR, 74% AR, and 83% AR in caput, corpus,
      and cauda, respectively), the cells' responses to solubilized zonae pellucidae
      were different. When challenged with 5 zonae equivalents/microliter, both corpus
      and cauda sperm shed their acrosomes in high numbers (75% AR and 86% AR,
      respectively), whereas caput sperm did not (23% AR). Previous work has shown that
      the presence of M42 monoclonal antibody (mAb) during in vitro and in vivo
      fertilization inhibits sperm penetration through the zona pellucida by specific
      interference with zonae pellucidae-induced ARs. In this study, presence of the
      M42 mAb did not affect the incidence of A23187-induced ARs, whereas the zona
      induced ARs that occurred in both corpus and cauda sperm were inhibited fully
      with M42 immunoglobulin (Ig) G. In addition, the antigen recognized by M42 mAb on
      sperm, termed M42 Ag, was examined during epididymal maturation. Although antigen
      localization appeared indistinguishable by immunofluorescence on sperm taken from
      the caput, corpus, and cauda regions of the epididymis, modification of this
      antigen during epididymal transit was detected. Equilibrium-binding studies using
      125I-M42 IgG demonstrated a progressive increase during epididymal transit in the
      amount of M42 mAb that bound to fixed cells. Corpus and cauda sperm bound 185%
      and 240%, respectively, of the 125I-M42 IgG detected on caput sperm. These
      changes in expression of M42 Ag paralleled a structural change: the Mr of the
      antigen decreased from a 195,000/210,000 doublet in caput sperm to a
      185,000/200,000 doublet in corpus and cauda sperm, as determined by immunoblot
      analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-extracted sperm. Results presented here
      demonstrate that mouse sperm develop the capacity to undergo a zona-induced AR
      during epididymal maturation. The M42 antigen, which is involved in the zona
      induced AR, is modified during epididymal transit coincident with development of
      the sperm's responsiveness to zonae. Our working hypothesis, based on these
      results, is that development of the sperm's capacity to undergo a physiological
      AR is related to modification of M42 Ag.

PMID- 3365471
TI  - Induction of acrosome reactions by the human zona pellucida.
AB  - We have used two approaches to test the ability of the human zona pellucida to
      induce acrosome reactions in human sperm. First, nonviable human oocytes were
      incubated for 1 min in a suspension of capacitated sperm (of which fewer than 5%
      were acrosome-reacted) to allow binding of about 200 sperm per oocyte. Some of
      the oocytes were fixed immediately, and the remainder were fixed after a further
      1-h incubation without free-swimming sperm. As determined by light microscopy,
      sperm on the zona were only 3 +/- 2% (avg. +/- SD) acrosome-reacted at 1 min, and
      the incidence increased to 46 +/- 15% during the next hour. Electron microscopy
      confirmed that most sperm on the zona at 1 min were acrosome-intact. A few sperm
      were in an early stage of the acrosome reaction. Acrosome reactions occurring on
      the zona during the subsequent hour appeared to be morphologically normal.
      Second, treatment of sperm in suspension with acid-disaggregated zonae (2 to 4
      zonae/microliter) increased the incidence of acrosome-reacted sperm from 3 +/- 1%
      to 24 +/- 4%. We conclude that the human zona pellucida, or material intimately
      associated with it, can induce acrosome reactions in human sperm.

PMID- 3365472
TI  - Progesterone abbreviates the nuclear retention of estrogen receptor in the rat
      oviduct and counteracts estrogen action on egg transport.
AB  - Progesterone has synergistic or antagonistic effects on several estrogenic
      actions. The effects of progesterone on estrogen-induced accelerated ovum
      transport and on the dynamics of estrogen receptors in the rat oviduct were
      examined. The involvement of the progesterone receptors in these phenomena was
      assessed. On Day 1 of pregnancy, rats were treated with estradiol, estradiol plus
      progesterone, or either one plus the progesterone receptor-blocking agent RU486.
      Control animals received the oil vehicle alone. The number of eggs remaining in
      the oviduct was assessed 24 h after treatment. Cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen
      receptor levels in the oviduct, as well as plasma concentrations of estradiol and
      progesterone, were measured at various intervals--up to 11 h and 24 h after
      treatment, respectively. Accelerated oviductal egg transport induced by estrogen
      was blocked by the concomitant administration of progesterone. This effect of
      progesterone was not associated with changes in estrogen circulating levels and
      was preceded by a reduction in the total amount of estrogen receptors and by a
      shortened retention of estrogen receptors in the nucleus. The effects of
      progesterone on egg transport and on the levels of estrogen receptors were
      reversed by blocking the progesterone receptor with RU486, suggesting that both
      effects were receptor-mediated. These findings demonstrate that progesterone
      antagonizes the effect of estrogen on oviductal egg transport in the rat, and
      suggest that this antagonism is mediated by a reduction both in the amount of
      estrogen receptors and in their retention time in the nucleus.

PMID- 3365473
TI  - Relationship between bioassay and radioimmunoassay measurement of prolactin in
      the IPL rat, a hypoprolactinemic rat strain.
AB  - IPL (Institut Pasteur, Lyon) nude, hypoprolactinemic rats exhibit delayed puberty
      and a complete lack of lactation. To characterize the secretion of circulating
      forms of prolactin (PRL) of these rats, PRL concentrations were measured in serum
      and pituitaries of males and females under various physiological conditions. Two
      assay methods, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and a sensitive bioassay (NB2BA) were
      employed. Normal rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were tested simultaneously, as
      controls. The pituitary content of PRL, estimated either by RIA or by NB2BA, in
      IPL nude males and females was similar to that of normal male and female rats. On
      the contrary, serum PRL levels of IPL male rats, measured by RIA or NB2BA, were
      significantly reduced when compared to normal rats. In both groups, there was a
      close correlation between the results obtained by the two methods, the NB2BA
      estimates being higher. However, the NB2BA/RIA ratio was significantly decreased
      in serum from IPL nude rats compared to controls, indicating that the circulating
      form of PRL was less bioactive in this group. Castrated male rats injected with
      estradiol showed sharply increased PRL values as estimated by RIA or NB2BA. The
      increase was greater (35-fold) in IPL nude rats then in normal rats (9-fold), but
      these increases resulted in serum PRL levels being similar in the two groups.
      However, the NB2BA/RIA ratio remained significantly reduced in IPL nude rats. In
      female rats, PRL was measured during different physiological states: estrus,
      diestrus, proestrus at 1000, 1200, and 1600 h and Days 1 and 21 of gestation and
      2 days postpartum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365474
TI  - Program for the twenty-first annual meeting of the Society for the Study of
      Reproduction, including a symposium on membrane receptors for gonadotropins.
      Seattle, Washington, August 1-4, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3365475
TI  - Disposition of insanity acquittees in Illinois.
AB  - Little attention has been paid to the processing of insanity acquittees
      subsequent to criminal trial. This study first obtained descriptive data on new
      insanity acquittees (N = 137) in Illinois between January 1982 and July 1984 and
      then examined the criminal commitment criteria used by evaluating psychiatrists
      and criminal courts in the disposition of insanity acquittees. Acquittees in
      Illinois were largely male, chronic schizophrenics who had been acquitted for
      murder or attempted murder. Judges tended to use criminal criteria that were more
      demanding than those which had been recommended by psychiatrists. Stepwise
      discriminant analyses revealed that psychiatric diagnosis was the most
      influential factor in determining psychiatrists' recommendations and court
      dispositions. Psychiatrists and committing judges failed to comply with the
      requirements of the committment law in one quarter of the cases.

PMID- 3365476
TI  - From impartial expert to adversary in the wake of Ake.
AB  - In deciding Ake v. Oklahoma, the Supreme Court held that, when defendants
      demonstrate that their sanity is likely to be a significant factor at trial, the
      State must assure them access to a competent psychiatrist who will not only
      examine them but also render other assistance to the defense. There have been 28
      known subsequent decisions in which appellate courts have ruled on the validity
      of Ake-based claims; in only four did the defendant prevail. The case nonetheless
      raises issues relative to the proper role of the psychiatric expert. The Supreme
      Court's decisions, although not introducing a new ethical topic, appear to be
      favoring a more adversarial posture, at least within certain parameters. I
      suggest that impartiality, independence, and advocacy need not be mutually
      exclusive concepts and that some of our traditional beliefs about what part we
      should play in criminal law may have to be modified and expanded.

PMID- 3365477
TI  - Insanity plea: predicting not guilty by reason of insanity adjudications.
AB  - Using 35 variables and discriminant analysis procedures, it was found that, of
      133 male defendants entering the insanity plea in Colorado, 87 percent were
      classified correctly into the disposition groups "adjudicated insane" and
      "convicted." Most positively related to an insanity adjudication were a
      psychiatric evaluation of insanity and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Negatively
      related to the insanity verdict were diagnoses of substance use and personality
      disorders.

PMID- 3365478
TI  - Guilty but mentally ill: the South Carolina experience.
AB  - Thirty of the first 45 individuals to receive guilty but mentally ill (GBMI)
      verdicts in South Carolina were interviewed using a structured interview schedule
      for diagnosis. The relationship of diagnosis to pretrial evaluation and posttrial
      conviction treatment are discussed. No person received GBMI in a jury trial.
      Suggestions to improve the operation of the GBMI verdict are made, as well as a
      brief review of these data with data from other states.

PMID- 3365479
TI  - United States v. Lyons: toward a new conception of legal insanity.
AB  - In United States v. Lyons (1984), the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court altered its
      definition of legal insanity to conform with recent recommendations of the
      American Bar Association and the American Psychiatric Association. This paper
      briefly reviews the social and legal context of the Court's ruling. The author
      then discusses the insanity defense's rationale and suggests an interpretation of
      the Court's new definition that should guide psychiatric testimony.

PMID- 3365480
TI  - The influence of the right to refuse treatment on precommitment patients.
AB  - The unplanned extension of the right to refuse treatment to the precommitment
      period is described in this paper. This extension of the right to refuse
      treatment has important public policy implications for the civil commitment
      process. These implications, as well as the pros and cons of the extension of the
      right to refuse treatment, are discussed.

PMID- 3365481
TI  - Current issues in state mental health forensic programs.
AB  - The major current issues facing state and local forensic mental health programs
      are presented in this paper. Debates over forensic patients' rights and the
      insanity defense are discussed, together with many administrative problems such
      as the pros and cons of correctional versus mental health system program control
      and payment incentives for treatment. The authors cite the differing goals of
      correctional and mental health systems, i.e., security and treatment, as reasons
      for difficulties in developing needed collaboration. Guidelines are suggested to
      address such important issues as mixing civil with criminal patients, developing
      units for special populations, defining patients who can respond to treatment,
      and follow-up after discharge.

PMID- 3365482
TI  - HELP: an educational forensic psychiatric assessment program.
AB  - This paper describes the establishment of an educational group, Health through
      Education in Law and Psychiatry (HELP), within an inpatient forensic psychiatric
      assessment service. Until recently HELP sessions have been provided twice weekly
      to suitable patients during their stay of some 30 days at the Metropolitan
      Toronto Forensic Service (METFORS). We first outline very briefly the function of
      METFORS, then describe the HELP project broadly, and finally discuss the
      rationale of the program in greater detail. Our point is that programs of this
      type form an added resource in assessment and in the early stages of treatment.
      We also argue that, along with the accepted clinical role in assessment, forensic
      psychiatrists and colleagues in related disciplines can serve a valuable role as
      teacher and therapist.

PMID- 3365483
TI  - Glycated hemoglobin as a measure of physiological stress.
AB  - The concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an integrated expression of
      the blood glucose concentration level in the previous weeks. The levels of HbA1c
      were measured in 23 medical students who had to pass an examination within a few
      weeks. Twelve other students served as a control group. Four months later, the
      blood tests were repeated. In addition, serum cholesterol was measured. HbA1c
      levels were significantly higher in the exam group compared with the control
      group. The second test revealed a significant decrease in HbA1c in the exam
      group, while the values in the control group were stable. No differences in serum
      cholesterol were detected. It is concluded that HbA1c might be of value as a
      measure of physiological stress.

PMID- 3365484
TI  - Clustering individuals as a way of dealing with multiple predictors in
      occupational stress research.
AB  - As the number and type of variables thought to affect the amount of stress
      experienced by an individual in the workplace increase, and as these effects are
      often found to be nonlinear and to interact with each other, the forms of
      statistical analyses employed present different costs and benefits. The use of
      cluster analysis as a preliminary means of categorizing individuals is described
      as the least artificial and empirically most accurate means of deriving groups
      that can lead to hypotheses and hypothesis testing using the more conventional
      means of analysis of variance. Such a methodology is described as it was applied
      to an investigation of the effects of demands, attitudes to demands, supports
      constraints, and trait neuroticism upon job satisfaction and scores on the
      General Health Questionnaire for a sample of psychiatric nurses.

PMID- 3365485
TI  - Personality antecedents of burnout among middle-aged physicians.
AB  - Utilizing a prospective design, this study addressed the question of whether
      vulnerability to burnout among physicians is associated with certain
      longstanding, maladaptive personality tendencies that predate entrance into
      medical training and subsequent exposure to the intrinsic stresses of medical
      practice. Subjects were 440 practicing physicians whose personality traits and
      psychological adjustment had been assessed with the Minnesota Multiphasic
      Personality Inventory (MMPI) shortly before entering medical school who were
      followed up by mail questionnaire an average of 25 years later to evaluate
      current symptoms of burnout with the Tedium scale. Results revealed that higher
      burnout scores were significantly correlated with a number of standard and
      special MMPI scales measuring low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy, dysphoria
      and obsessive worry, passivity, social anxiety, and withdrawal from others. In
      contrast, burnout scores exhibited no significant associations with demographic
      or practice characteristics, including sex, age, medical specialty, practice
      arrangement, hours worked per week, or percentage of work time spent in direct
      contact with patients. Alternative interpretations of these findings and their
      potential implications for reducing the risk of burnout among physicians are
      discussed.

PMID- 3365486
TI  - Job stress in the health professions: a study of physicians, nurses, and
      pharmacists.
AB  - While considerable research has been devoted to job stress within individual
      health professions, little information has been available for comparing the
      sources or levels of stress among different groups of health professionals. To
      bridge that knowledge gap, the Health Professions Stress Inventory (HPSI) was
      administered via a mail questionnaire to 291 primary care physicians, 379
      registered nurses, and 387 pharmacists randomly selected from across the United
      States. Mean stress scores on the HPSI were significantly different for all three
      professions, with nurses reporting the greatest levels of stress. Frequency of
      exposure to individual stressful job situations also differed significantly among
      the professional groups. While exploratory in nature, the results of this
      research emphasize the interprofessional differences that must be considered when
      considering the management of job stress in the health care system.

PMID- 3365487
TI  - Perception of self and parents by second-generation Holocaust survivors.
AB  - This study's objectives were to test the emotional stability and self-perceptions
      of Holocaust survivors' offspring (HSO) and to investigate how HSO perceive their
      parents. It was assumed that the investigation of these two issues would broaden
      our understanding of the mediating processes through which the psychological
      burdens of the survivors might be transmitted to their descendants. Forty-seven
      subjects, all second-generation Holocaust survivors, were compared with 46
      control subjects on measures of emotional stability (anxiety and depressive
      moods) and measures of self-perception and perception of parents. The groups did
      not differ on the emotional stability and self-perception measures. However, it
      was found that the children of Holocaust survivors, compared with the control
      subjects, perceived their parents as more tense, but also as more attractive. The
      correlations between self-perception and perception of parents were lower in the
      HSO group than in the control group. These findings suggest that HSO seem to have
      developed unique coping mechanisms that enable them to deal with their parent's
      psychological burdens.

PMID- 3365488
TI  - The identification of biologically important thiols.
AB  - A new mass spectral method has been developed and used to identify biologically
      important thiols. This method is based upon the use of C-14 labeled N-para
      bromophenylmaleimide (BPM) to selectively derivatize thiols. The isotopic label
      facilitates the isolation and purification of trace quantities of the maleimide
      thiol adducts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radioactivity
      detection. The use of the bromine atom in the thiol derivative greatly enhances
      the detectability of the parent and fragment ions containing the BPM moiety
      because of the generation of the characteristic N + 2 doublet ions. Several
      examples of the use of this method to identify non-volatile thiol peptides such
      as glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) by fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry (FAB-MS) are described in this report.

PMID- 3365489
TI  - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/tandem mass
      spectrometry of methyl ester/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of
      prostaglandins.
AB  - Electron impact mass spectra of methyl ester/trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of
      prostaglandin F2 alpha and methyl ester/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha
      and 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha are presented. Most of the
      prostaglandins studied have additionally been 2H-labelled at different sites in
      order to assign the corresponding fragment ions. Collisionally activated
      decomposition mass spectra of the most intense parent ions in the high-mass
      region were taken. High-intensity, prostaglandin-characteristic daughter
      fragments will allow a reliable quantification of prostaglandins in biological
      fluids and a reduction of sample clean-up.

PMID- 3365490
TI  - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry/mass spectrometry of methyl ester/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives of thromboxanes.
AB  - Electron impact mass spectra of methyl ester/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and methyl
      ester/trimethylsilyl ether derivative of 11-dehydro-TxB2 are presented.
      Additionally, the derivatives of (2H4)-thromboxanes and methyl ester (2H3)
      methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and (2H3)
      methyl ester/trimethylsilyl ether derivative of 11-dehydro-TxB2 were
      investigated. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of the most intense
      parent ion in the high-mass region were taken. Collisionally activated
      decomposition mass spectra of the [C(12)-C(20)]+ ion of TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2
      show an intense but not specific daughter ion, whereas the collision-induced
      dissociation mass spectrum of the [M-(C(16)-C(20)]+ ion of 11-dehydro-TxB2
      results in the formation of numerous daughter ions.

PMID- 3365491
TI  - Negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas
      chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of prostanoid pentafluorobenzyl
      ester/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether derivatives.
AB  - Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of prostaglandin F2 alpha,
      prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, 2,3-dinor-6-oxo
      prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, and 11-dehydro
      thromboxane B2 pentafluorobenzyl ester (PFB)/methoxime/trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives are presented. Collisionally activated decomposition mass spectra of
      the [M-PFB]- ions at collision energies of 8-24 eV and argon collision gas
      pressures of 1-2m Torr almost show only fragmentation of trimethylsilanol,
      (CH3)2Si = CHOH, (CH3)2Si = CH2 and methanol whereas, except for carbon dioxide
      loss, only few low-intensity fragments from the carbon skeleton of the
      prostanoids are observed.

PMID- 3365492
TI  - A mass spectral study of cyclophosphamide concerning a thermally induced
      rearrangement reaction.
AB  - The electron impact mass spectra of cyclophosphamide (1) are very sensitive
      towards experimental conditions in view of the kind of sample handling, the type
      of mass spectrometer used and the temperature of evaporation. The reason for this
      phenomenon is the elimination of HCl from the molecular ion by a specific 1,5
      hydrogen transfer yielding an ion at m/z 224 which is structurally related to the
      bicyclic compound 4 with its typical fragment ions at m/z 175 and 147. Thermal
      excitation of the sample increases the intensity of this fragmentation pathway.
      The fragmentation pattern of 1 and the thermally induced rearrangement reaction
      has been elucidated by means of isotopic labelling, high-resolution data,
      metastable ion analysis and some tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Various
      samples of 1 monohydrate and its commercially available preparations, which are
      triturates with sodium chloride, differing in the crystal size distribution,
      showed nearly identical mass spectra on two different magnetic mass
      spectrometers, provided that the materials were introduced as solids under
      careful control of the evaporation temperature. The fragmentation via m/z 224
      prevails in case of non-crystalline, pre-dissolved samples on one of the
      instruments used which might be explained by a differing construction of the ion
      source and the sample cup holder. The conclusions of Mruzek et al. concerning
      different proportions of stereoisomers in pharmaceutical preparations of 1 lack
      any analytical evidence.

PMID- 3365493
TI  - Continuous flow fast atom bombardment liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry:
      studies involving conventional bore liquid chromatography with simultaneous
      ultraviolet detection.
AB  - A conventional bore liquid chromatograph has been interfaced to quadrupole and
      magnetic sector mass spectrometers configured for fast atom bombardment
      ionization via a continuous flow FAB probe. It is shown that post-column addition
      of FAB matrix and in-line ultraviolet detection facilities do not significantly
      compromise chromatographic integrity and that high quality mass spectra are
      obtainable from such FAB LC/MS studies.

PMID- 3365494
TI  - Synthesis of deuterium-labelled elliptinium and its use in metabolic studies.
AB  - The 9-hydroxy-2-(U-2H3) methylellipticinium acetate (elliptinium) was synthesized
      with an isotopic purity of at least 96%. The structure was confirmed by proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance and direct probe fast atom bombardment mass
      spectrometry. A mixture of elliptinium and its deuterated analogue was
      administered intravenously to rats. In urine, after analysis by liquid
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), unchanged drug and N
      acetylcysteinylelliptinium were found. In bile, after ion-pair extraction and
      LC/MS, the glutathionylelliptinium was found in addition to the parent drug and
      the N-acetylcysteine adduct.

PMID- 3365495
TI  - Determination of melatonin in blood plasma, using capillary gas chromatography
      and electron impact medium-resolution mass spectrometry.
AB  - Determination of the low concentrations (less than 10-100 pg ml-1) of melatonin
      in blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has previously required
      the use of negative ionization (electron capture) mass spectrometry, a technique
      particularly delicate to set up. We show that a general-purpose medium-resolution
      instrument gives adequate sensitivity in electron impact mode, when used with a
      capillary gas chromatographic column-switching device. A straightforward
      extraction procedure gives good specificity, and the limit of useful measurement
      is better than 10 pg per 1 ml sample.

PMID- 3365496
TI  - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of high-molecular-weight fraction of
      porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy drugs.
AB  - Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the treatment of tumor tissue with a
      photosensitizer and light to effect the delineation and/or eradication of the
      tumor. PDT is a two step process: (1) incorporation of photosensitizer into the
      cell where it must be retained by tumors in vivo; and (2) illumination of the
      tumor cell with light to effect cell death. Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is a
      complex mixture of porphyrins currently used for PDT in the clinical setting.
      Hematoporphyrin-based oligomers of up to five subunits were determined using fast
      atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the high-molecular-weight fraction of the
      drug. Reduction of this fraction with LiAlH4 permitted determination of the
      covalent bond linking the monomers in these oligoporphyrins. Application of these
      analytical procedures to the determination of the composition of different
      preparations of HPD will be described.

PMID- 3365497
TI  - Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites from mouse liver microsomes
      using tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - The rapid and sensitive identification and quantification of important
      pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is described. Identifications of N-oxide
      and hydrolytic metabolites of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senecionine and
      monocrotaline in extracts of mouse hepatic microsomal incubations were
      accomplished by comparing collisionally activated decomposition/mass-analyzed ion
      kinetic energy spectra of specific ions from microsomal extracts with spectra
      obtained from synthetic standards of suspected metabolites. Trace amounts of the
      toxic metabolite dihydropyrrolizine (DHP) were observed by GC/MS of
      trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives, but the amounts present in hepatic microsomal
      extracts were below the MS/MS limit of detection. Quantitative determinations of
      senecionine N-oxide were performed by fast atom bombardment MS/MS. Suppression of
      N-oxide ionization by other substances in the extracts was judged to be minimal.
      The TMS derivatives of the metabolites senecic acid, monocrotalic acid and DHP
      were quantified using capillary GC/MS. Results from the study demonstrate that
      the relative contributions of the three major pathways of pyrrolizidine alkaloid
      metabolism (N-oxidation, hydrolysis and oxidation to pyrrolic compounds) can be
      assessed using a single analytical instrument and minimal sample preparation.

PMID- 3365498
TI  - Determination of boldenone sulfoconjugate and related steroid sulfates in equine
      urine by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - Sulfoconjugated anabolic steroids were separated by micro-bore high-performance
      liquid chromatography. The eluent was introduced into the atmospheric pressure
      ion source of the triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer via an ion spray liquid
      chromatograph/mass spectrometer interface operated in the negative ion mode. The
      limit of detection was 10 pg on-column by selected ion monitoring of the
      molecular ion and the response increased linearly over a concentration range of
      2.4 orders of magnitude. Following work-up by a liquid-solid extraction procedure
      of equine urine samples, full-scan daughter ion spectra of boldenone sulfate
      could be obtained up to 17 days after a therapeutic dose of boldenone
      undecylenate to a horse.

PMID- 3365500
TI  - Changing injecting practices: blunting the needle habit.

PMID- 3365499
TI  - Laser desorption/fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry:
      digoxin, digitoxin, and their reduced and sugar-hydrolyzed metabolites.
AB  - Mass spectra of digoxin and digitoxin (the most widely prescribed drugs for
      treatment of congestive heart failure) and a complete set of their 14 dihydro-
      and sugar-hydrolyzed metabolites have been obtained via laser
      desorption/ionization with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
      (LD/FT/ICR) mass spectrometer. The most intense peak is typically the
      pseudomolecular [M + K]+ ion, but fragment ions corresponding to loss of 1-3
      sugars and hydroxyls are also observed. LD/FT/ICR mass spectra for all 16
      compounds were produced with a single set of sample and spectrometer parameters.
      No matrix peaks are present. Finally, LD/FT/ICR provides dynamic mass accuracy
      within approximately 5 ppm throughout a mass range of 404 less than m/z less than
      819.

PMID- 3365501
TI  - WHO publications provide a very useful service.

PMID- 3365502
TI  - An alcohol research center in concept and practice: interdisciplinary
      collaboration at the UConn ARC.

PMID- 3365503
TI  - Conversation with George Pequignot.

PMID- 3365504
TI  - Methadone and public policy.

PMID- 3365505
TI  - Per capita alcohol sales, heavy drinker prevalence and alcohol problems in Iowa
      for 1958-1985.

PMID- 3365506
TI  - Trends in U.S. drinking patterns: further evidence from the past 20 years.

PMID- 3365507
TI  - Pattern of alcohol-related liver disease in dependent alcoholics: the Indian
      dimension.

PMID- 3365508
TI  - Recruitment to alcohol treatment: a comparison between male and female problem
      drinkers recruited to treatment in two different ways.

PMID- 3365509
TI  - Comparison of some dietary habits of smokers and non-smokers.

PMID- 3365510
TI  - Effects of information on the opiate withdrawal syndrome.

PMID- 3365512
TI  - A meeting of scientists and scholars on the ethical implications and social
      consequences of scientific findings.

PMID- 3365511
TI  - Who comes for treatment: drug misusers at three London agencies.

PMID- 3365513
TI  - Data note--12. Cigar and pipe smoking in Britain: implications for smoking
      prevalence and cessation.

PMID- 3365514
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of concanavalin A receptors in the plasma membrane:
      association with underlying actin filaments.
AB  - Whole-mount cell preparations of cultured rat 3Y1 cells were examined by stereo
      electron microscopy to identify the ultrastructural localization of concanavalin
      A (Con A) receptors in the plasma membrane, and to clarify the relationship
      between Con A receptors and cytoskeletal components. Well spread monolayer cells
      were extracted with saponin, briefly fixed, and then partially broken open with
      shearing force to facilitate the introduction of antibodies for identification of
      actin filaments. Stereo electron microscopy of such treated cells revealed a 3
      dimensional image of filamentous structures such as fine filaments, microtubules
      (MT) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the flattened areas of each cell. Just
      beneath the plasma membrane were meshworks of actin-containing fine filaments, as
      identified by an immunogold staining method. Microtubules and ER were observed to
      be either directly or indirectly associated with this meshwork. The broken open
      part of each cell exhibited a meshwork of filaments which were associated with
      the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. Some of the filaments were
      connected to the plasma membrane either by their ends or by their lateral
      surfaces. The localization of Con A receptors was examined by binding colloidal
      gold-labelled Con A to the surface of fixed, saponin-extracted cells. Virtually
      all gold particles bound externally at the same membrane sites where
      intracellular actin filaments attached internally. The observations strongly
      suggest that the distribution of Con A receptors was regulated by the underlying
      meshwork of actin filaments.

PMID- 3365515
TI  - Membrane fluidity of Toxoplasma gondii: a fluorescence polarization study.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii membrane fluidity was investigated by fluorescence
      polarization. We used 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as a fluorescent
      hydrophobic probe. Fluorescence anisotropy (r) and degree of order (s) showed
      high fluidity properties. Chemical analysis was performed on this parasite. We
      found a low cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, many unsaturated fatty acids chains,
      and high phosphatidylcholine and low sphingomyelin amounts. These results were in
      good agreement with the observed high fluidity. This may be related to the great
      adaptability of Toxoplasma gondii in infesting a wide variety of host cells.

PMID- 3365516
TI  - Spatial organization of collagen in annelid cuticle: order and defects.
AB  - The epidermis of Paralvinella grasslei (Polychaete, Annelida) is covered by an
      extracellular matrix, the cuticle, mainly composed as in other annelids of
      superimposed layers of non-striated collagen fibrils. The collagen fibrils of
      annelid cuticle are shown to be composed of parallel and sinuous microfibrils
      (thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas). The 3-dimensional organization of
      collagen is characterized by 2 different types of geometrical order: (a) Fibrils
      form a quasiorthogonal network, whose structure is comparable to that of a
      "plywood"; (b) Fibrils are helical, and goniometric studies show that
      microfibrils present a definite order within each fibril, which is termed
      "cylindrical twist". These 2 characteristics are those which have recently been
      evidenced in "blue phases", i.e., liquid crystals which are closely related to
      cholesteric liquid crystalline phases. Non-fluid analogues of cholesteric liquids
      are widespread among invertebrate cuticles and the presence of blue phase
      analogues suggests that a self-assembly mechanisms is involved in cuticle morpho
      genesis, which is derived from that governing blue phase growth. The cuticular
      network presents local rearrangements of fibrils called "defects", despite the
      fact that they are elaborate structures which trigonal and pentagonal
      singularities. Branched fibrils are regularly observed. We discuss the
      involvement of these pattern disruptions in the cuticle growth process.

PMID- 3365517
TI  - Microcalorimetric studies of hybridoma cells.
AB  - In the present study, overall metabolism has been estimated in hybridoma cells by
      microcalorimetric measurement. Heat production rate was found to be 30-50 pW/cell
      at cell concentrations 0.65-4.5 x 10(5)/ml. High cell concentrations (1 x 10(6)
      cells/ml) caused unstable power-curves with an initial high peak and a rapid
      declining phase, whereas low cell concentrations (0.6-4.5 x 10(5) cells/ml)
      produced steady-state power-curves. Oxygen consumption was found to range between
      1.5-6.1 x 10(-5) mol 02/cell/min, corresponding to about 80% of the total
      metabolic activity. The metabolic inhibitors sodium fluoride (50 nM), sodium
      azide (160 mM) and rotenone (0.1 mM) caused a reduction in overall cell
      metabolism of 60, 55 and 40% respectively.

PMID- 3365518
TI  - Biochemical and ultrastructural features of human fibroblasts cultured from a new
      variant of type 3 lipid storage myopathy.
AB  - A new variant of multisystemic lipid storage myopathy (type 3) has been
      identified. Human cultured fibroblasts present a major triacylglycerol storage
      whereas other neutral lipids and phospholipids are in the normal range. When
      feeding the cells in the presence of radiolabelled oleic acid we observed an
      accumulation of radiolabelled triacylglycerols demonstrating the endogenous
      biosynthesis of the stored triacylglycerols. After a 72-hr chase period, no
      degradation of radiolabelled triacylglycerols was observed. Histochemical
      examination of multisystemic lipid storage myopathy skin fibroblasts showed a
      massive accumulation of neutral lipids (stained by the fluorescent probe Nile
      Red) in cells grown in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. These
      cytoplasmic vacuoles were not obviously membrane-surrounded as shown by electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 3365519
TI  - Has British audiology come of age?

PMID- 3365520
TI  - Measures for the optimum estimation of audiometric thresholds from the auditory
      brainstem response potentials.
AB  - Auditory brainstem response potentials were recorded from normally hearing
      subjects using a wide range of stimulus intensities including a below-threshold
      condition. Various measures, including the traditional Jewett V (JV) amplitude,
      were taken from the recordings. The probability of incorrectly concluding that a
      response was present was found by analysing the distribution of the JV amplitude
      in the no-stimulus recordings and setting an amplitude of 100 nV as the criterion
      of whether or not a response is deemed to be present. This probability was used
      to define equivalent criteria for the other measures and evoked potential (EP)
      thresholds could then be found for each subject and stimulus by finding the
      lowest stimulus intensity at which the value of the measure being considered was
      at or above this criterion value. Two measures were found to give significantly
      lower and less variable EP thresholds than the others; JV amplitude taking into
      account the JV latency and a self-template measure involving the correlation
      between the response waveforms at a high stimulus intensity level and the test
      intensity level. The latter measure indicates that a template-matching method of
      threshold estimation might be as reliable for this purpose as the measurement of
      JV amplitude and has the potential diagnostic advantage over JV measurements that
      it could be readily used with a fully objective automatic threshold evaluation
      protocol. The probability of making a false-positive error was found to be
      disconcertingly high at 0.5 for single measures and 0.22 for complex measures.
      This underlines the need for replicates to be taken as this dramatically reduces
      the probability of large errors in threshold estimation.

PMID- 3365521
TI  - A closed- versus open-set measure of speech discrimination in normally hearing
      young and elderly adults.
AB  - This investigation sought to determine whether the pattern of performance
      differed between young and elderly normally hearing adults on a closed v. open
      set discrimination task. The California Consonant Test was administered at 32 dB
      SL (re:SRT) to 20 young and 20 elderly normally hearing subjects under two
      conditions: one which required subjects to mark their response on a multiple
      choice answer form; and a second which required subjects to provide a one-word
      written response on a blank answer form. The only significant difference occurred
      within the young group between conditions (closed-set, open-set). The young
      group's speech discrimination was significantly better in the closed-set
      condition then in the open-set condition. No other differences were significant.
      The results question the concept of phonemic regression as a concomitant of
      ageing.

PMID- 3365522
TI  - The relative accuracy of coupler and behavioural estimates of the real ear gain
      of a hearing aid.
AB  - Selection of a hearing aid frequency response is often initially based on coupler
      measured performance, but is subsequently confirmed by functional measurement of
      real ear gain. It is usually assumed that functional gain measurement is
      necessary as confirmation because coupler measures do not take individual
      differences into account. This paper first argues from a theoretical standpoint
      that, if appropriate coupler/real ear correction factors are used, coupler
      estimates of real ear gain can be of comparable accuracy to functional estimates.
      It then uses experimental evidence from a study carried out by the author to show
      that, because of the variability in functional measurements of gain, suitably
      corrected coupler estimates of real ear gain can be more accurate than their
      functional counterparts.

PMID- 3365523
TI  - Click-evoked oto-acoustic emissions in normal and hearing-impaired adults.
AB  - Click-evoked oto-acoustic emissions have been recorded in 18 normal subjects and
      19 hearing-impaired subjects taken from an ENT outpatient clinic. An emission
      could be recorded in all but 1 ear of those subjects where the psychoacoustic
      threshold to the click stimulus was 13 dB nHL or lower. No emission could be
      recorded in all subjects where this threshold was 18 dB nHL or higher. The level
      of stimulus required to obtain a recordable emission was found to be correlated
      with the psycho-acoustical threshold of the click stimuli but not to a high
      enough level to make this a useful measure of hearing loss.

PMID- 3365524
TI  - Threshold of hearing as a function of age and sex for the typical unscreened
      population.
AB  - Thresholds of hearing as a function of age and sex for screened, or 'otologically
      normal', persons have been standardised (ISO 7029) on the basis of a study by
      Robinson and Sutton (1978). For purposes such as the evaluation of hearing loss
      due to noise exposure in industrial populations, it is not generally realistic to
      compare the hearing thresholds to an age-matched 'otologically normal' baseline,
      since the difference will include adventitious hearing loss as well as the noise
      related components. This paper presents typical data for an unscreened
      population, in a companion form to ISO 7029. The results are derived from a
      critical analysis of published material and are shown to converge closely to ISO
      7029 at the extremity of the distributions. Striking uniformity in the form of
      the distributions is revealed among apparently discordant data from different
      studies, showing that the adventitious hearing loss, or so-called 'pathological
      overlay', is essentially equivalent to accelerated ageing.

PMID- 3365525
TI  - Electronystagmography in normal children.
AB  - The use of electronystagmography (ENG) is well established in the diagnosis of
      imbalance in adults. It is now recognised that children with vertigo merit
      similar investigation. Experience in our own department has shown that children
      tolerate the ENG test procedure providing a few minor adjustments are made to the
      methodology. In a previous study, it was shown that normal adult data cannot be
      used in the interpretation of ENG tracing in children. This study reports the
      findings in 35 normal children. The incidence of spontaneous and positional
      nystagmus was higher than in adults. The vestibulo-ocular reflex to rotational
      and caloric tests is also different, and the normal limits for these tests are
      defined.

PMID- 3365526
TI  - Therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis: a case-controlled comparison of
      seronegative and seropositive disease.
AB  - The records of 684 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) attending a referral
      centre were evaluated. All available patients (62 cases) with definite
      seronegative disease were matched, where possible, for sex, age and year of onset
      with seropositive controls (54 cases). Seronegative females were just as likely
      as those who were seropositive to require treatment with disease-modifying
      antirheumatic drugs, whereas seronegative males were significantly less likely to
      do so than seropositive controls. There were no major differences in outcome or
      drug toxicity. Orthopaedic surgery was equally common in the two groups, with a
      similar spectrum of procedures, but there was a trend towards more frequent upper
      limb large joint arthroplasty in the seronegative group, and this was
      particularly evident when elbow prostheses were considered. Seronegative
      rheumatoid disease (at least in females) may be as severe as seropositive disease
      in a referral-centre population and should be treated with similar vigour.

PMID- 3365527
TI  - A prospective endoscopic study of the effect of Orudis and Oruvail on the upper
      gastrointestinal tract, in patients with osteoarthritis.
AB  - The effect of ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was tested on
      the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) in patients with osteoarthritis. The drug
      was given in two forms; as simple ketoprofen (Orudis) and as a slow release
      preparation (Oruvail), when the drug was not released into the stomach, but into
      the small intestine. These formulations were compared with indomethacin for
      endoscopically proven damage to the UGIT. Orudis and Oruvail produced similar
      damage to previously normal UGITs over 56 days; each formulation produced about a
      50% incidence of ulceration and inflammation. Indomethacin, by comparison
      produced less damage. The results suggested that the direct action of ketoprofen
      (barrier breaking effect) adds little to the mechanism of gastric cytotoxicity of
      this drug, which may be assumed to be predominantly caused by a systemic effect
      of ketoprofen on gastric cytoprotective mechanisms.

PMID- 3365528
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced dyspepsia--is Campylobacter pyloridis
      implicated?
AB  - An endoscopic study of 34 patients with rheumatic diseases taking nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was undertaken to evaluate whether dyspepsia was
      associated with Campylobacter pyloridis. Twenty-two patients had an indication
      for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 12 patients were asymptomatic
      volunteers. Dyspepsia did not correlate with the macroscopic findings at
      endoscopy, the presence of histological gastritis or the presence of C.
      pyloridis. However, this study did demonstrate that macroscopic mucosal changes,
      histological gastritis and the presence of C. pyloridis have an equal prevalence
      in asymptomatic volunteers and symptomatic patients.

PMID- 3365529
TI  - Campylobacter pylori associated gastritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
      taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs were studied in order to assess the carriage rate of
      Campylobacter pylori (C. pylori) with reference to dyspeptic symptoms, endoscopic
      appearance and antral histology. All patients were interviewed using a standard
      gastrointestinal symptom scoring questionnaire and underwent endoscopy at which
      two antral biopsies were obtained. Sections were examined for the presence and
      severity of gastritis and of C. pylori. Forty-four of 52 patients (85%) had
      histological evidence of gastritis. Twenty-six of 44 (59%) patients with
      gastritis were positive for C. pylori. Twenty-six of 28 patients with 'active'
      (polymorph infiltration) chronic gastritis were positive for C. pylori (p less
      than 0.002). Sixteen of 26 bacteria-positive patients had gastrointestinal
      symptoms compared with eight of 26 bacteria-negative patients (p less than 0.05)
      and this may have therapeutic implications. There was no correlation between the
      presence of organisms and the appearances at endoscopy.

PMID- 3365530
TI  - Equianalgesic effects of paracetamol and indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The therapeutic and adverse effects of 2 weeks of treatment with high-dose
      indomethacin (150 mg/day) were compared with those of low-dose indomethacin (50
      mg/day) combined with paracetamol (4 g/day) in a double-blind, double-dummy,
      cross-over study in 17 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Grip strength,
      Ritchie's index, joint circumference, joint pain, and patient's and physician's
      global assessments were estimated, and conventional laboratory parameters were
      followed. In addition, the time-concentration profiles of indomethacin and
      paracetamol were assessed during steady state. All patients had measurable plasma
      drug levels, indicating adequate compliance, and responders and nonresponders
      (five on each treatment) had equal drug levels, indicating that the variation in
      therapeutic efficacy was not secondary to pharmacokinetic differences. While
      there were fewer and milder side-effects during treatment with the drug
      combination, there was no difference in therapeutic efficacy. Hence, it appears
      that the main therapeutic profit of indomethacin in daily doses greater than 50
      mg is enhanced analgesia. As such dosage involves pronounced side-effects, it
      seems more appropriate to employ the combination of 50 mg indomethacin and 4 g
      paracetamol, whereby similar analgesia can be obtained without an increase in
      side-effects.

PMID- 3365531
TI  - Prevalence of primary Sjogren's syndrome in an elderly population.
AB  - Sixty-two elderly apparently healthy volunteers, inmates of a public nursing
      home, were examined for evidence of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Evaluation
      included a specific questionnaire for subjective xerophthalmia and xerostomia,
      slit-lamp eye examination after rose Bengal staining. Schirmer's I test,
      stimulated parotid flow measurement, testing of sera for autoantibodies and
      labial minor salivary gland biopsy. A greater than or equal to 2+ lip biopsy
      score on Tarpley's scale was a sine qua non for the diagnosis of Sjogren's
      syndrome. Labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy revealed fibrosis and/or fatty
      infiltration in the majority of the individuals, related to ageing. However, four
      people had a lip biopsy score of greater than or equal to 2+, which, supplemented
      by other objective criteria, classified three of them as having pSS. Another four
      had an LSG biopsy score of 1+, and although they fulfilled other objective
      criteria, they could not be characterized as pSS. All these individuals were
      completely asymptomatic, and none of them had anti-Ro(SSA) or anti-La(SSB)
      autoantibodies. The present study suggests that pSS in elderly people in elderly
      people is subclinical, benign and relatively common.

PMID- 3365532
TI  - An evaluation of the role of laboratory investigations in establishing a
      diagnosis of central nervous system lupus.
AB  - By means of a questionnaire, we have determined the combination of clinical
      features and laboratory tests which rheumatologists, nephrologists,
      immunologists, and neurologists in New South Wales consider most helpful in
      discriminating between central nervous system (CNS) involvement due to systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that due to other causes. There was a uniformity of
      views amongst the four specialties in terms of the likelihood that a given
      clinical presentation was due to active CNS lupus. The clinical presentation made
      little difference to the interpretation of laboratory data. CNS abnormalities
      (EEG, CT, and CSF), as well as the finding of serum DNA antibody of 95%,
      influenced decision-making, although the other serological tests had little
      impact. There was disagreement amongst physicians as to whether a given test
      abnormality (e.g. focal CT scan abnormality) supported or rejected the diagnosis
      of active CNS lupus. This study indicates that physicians interpret test results
      selectively in their assessment of patients with SLE who develop CNS symptoms.

PMID- 3365533
TI  - Disappearing hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
AB  - A case is presented in which florid hypertrophic osteoarthropathy regressed
      clinically and radiologically when a Celestin tube was removed.

PMID- 3365535
TI  - Combination therapy with colchicine and prednisolone in Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 3365534
TI  - Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis
      in a patient with diabetes mellitus and the associated linked HLA antigens.
AB  - A patient is described who had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 2 years,
      prior to developing rheumatoid arthritis and then subsequently ankylosing
      spondylitis and dermatomyositis. Diagnostic criteria for all diseases are
      fulfilled. HLA typing revealed the presence of HLA A2, A9, B8, B27, DR3 and DR4
      antigens. The concomitant coexistence of diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis,
      ankylosing spondylitis and dermatomyositis appears to have occurred in an
      individual genetically susceptible to these diseases.

PMID- 3365536
TI  - Interpretation of positive urine stick tests for blood in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3365537
TI  - Short-term, high-dose methotrexate therapy in a case of severe psoriatic
      arthritis.

PMID- 3365538
TI  - Hypermobility scoring.

PMID- 3365539
TI  - Ileocolonoscopy and spondarthritis.

PMID- 3365540
TI  - Recurrent arterial thrombosis in a patient with giant-cell arteritis and raised
      anticardiolipin antibody levels.

PMID- 3365541
TI  - The natural history of juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: a 24-year
      retrospective case-control study.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-five patients with juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis
      (JAS: less than 16 years at onset, mean 12.8 years) were compared to 135 adult
      onset spondylitics (AAS: greater than 21 years at onset, mean 26.1 years),
      controlled for disease duration (24.5 and 23.5 years, respectively), to assess
      the outcome of juvenile-onset disease. Review was by postal questionnaire and
      health-assessment measures. The sex distribution was similar: 73% and 74% males,
      respectively. All parameters showed comparable outcome with the exception of the
      numbers in full-time employment (JAS 74%, AAS 56%; p less than 0.01) and total
      hip replacements (JAS 17%, AAS 4%; p less than 0.01). IN CONCLUSION: (a) the
      premature hip is particularly at risk in ankylosing spondylitis; (b) there are
      few differences between the outcome of JAS and AAS; (c) overall, JAS patients do
      well in adulthood.

PMID- 3365542
TI  - A prognostic index for erosive changes in the hands, feet, and cervical spines in
      early rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory measurements taken at the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
      in 149 patients were compared with the severity of radiological changes seen at 3
      years in the hands and feet, and cervical spine. The strongest association with
      the severity of peripheral radiological damage was rheumatoid factor (p less than
      0.0001 for both the latex titre and RAHA titre). Subluxation of the cervical
      spine was associated only with the presence of HLA-Dw2 (p less than 0.02) and HLA
      B7 cross-reacting group (p less than 0.02). Discriminant function analysis
      utilizing latex titre, RAHA titre, haemoglobin level, and platelet count
      predicted the development of erosive or nonerosive disease in 79%. This method
      was less successful in predicting the actual severity of erosive damage and was
      not improved by the addition of HLA data. Radiological outcome in the cervical
      spine was successfully predicted in 82% using HLA-Dw2, HLA-B27 and age of onset
      of disease. It is concluded that the best predictors of erosive disease were
      standard laboratory features measured at onset, but that more powerful
      discriminant factors are needed if these are to influence clinical practice.
      Further prospective studies will establish whether rheumatoid involvement of the
      cervical spine is an expression of the influence of HLA determinants in this
      disease.

PMID- 3365543
TI  - The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in three Australian cities: Perth,
      Newcastle and Hobart.
AB  - An epidemiological survey of multiple sclerosis (MS) in three Australian cities,
      Perth, Newcastle and Hobart, was undertaken with its prevalence day being the
      national census day on June 30, 1981, exactly twenty years after a previous
      survey of the same cities. The relationship between increasing prevalence and
      increasing south latitude found in the 1961 survey was confirmed in this present
      study. Prevalence rates had increased significantly over the twenty years between
      the studies. Over the same time period incidence rates had also increased in
      Newcastle and Hobart but had remained essentially stable in Perth although these
      changes were not significant. The rise in prevalence was due to a combination of
      factors of differing importance in each city. These factors included better case
      ascertainment, increased recognition of the less severely disabled patient,
      increased survival time and differential immigration of a population at a higher
      risk of developing MS than the indigenous population. Finally, analysis of MS
      prevalence rates amongst migrant populations in Perth and Hobart suggested that
      either the risk of acquisition of MS may extend over a wider age range than is
      generally accepted or that environmental factors prevalent in the former city
      have modified disease expression there.

PMID- 3365544
TI  - Ocular motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. III. Coordination of eye and head
      movements.
AB  - Eye-head coordination was measured in patients with Parkinson's disease as they
      made horizontal gaze shifts in response to predictable and unpredictable target
      steps and to targets moving smoothly with either constant or sinusoidally varying
      velocity. Patients preferred not to move their heads for both large and small
      amplitude gaze shifts. Both eye and head movement reaction times were prolonged.
      Saccades were hypometric and, frequently, slow. Head movements were also slow,
      hypometric, and varied in amplitude for target shifts of a given amplitude.
      Compensatory eye movements (CEMs) that normally stabilize gaze direction during
      head movement varied in gain from zero to greater than unity, and often drove the
      eyes off target. CEM abnormalities occurred most commonly in patients with
      abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain in darkness. We attribute these
      abnormalities of programming combined eye-head saccades to dysfunction of
      striatonigralcollicular circuits. Smooth gaze pursuit gain, the ratio of gaze
      velocity to target velocity, was lowered in patients while tracking sinusoidal
      targets at 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 Hz. Some patients could track these targets with the
      head fixed but not with the head free. We attribute this to abnormal suppression
      of the vestibuloocular reflex. The results indicate that Parkinson's disease
      impairs motor programming of coordinated eye-head gaze saccades and disrupts
      normal interaction between head movement and the VOR.

PMID- 3365545
TI  - Slowly progressive aphasia in three patients. The problem of accompanying
      neuropsychological deficit.
AB  - Three patients are described presenting with a slowly progressive aphasic
      disorder associated with degenerative cortical disease. The symptoms began in the
      presenium and the length of illness was 4 to 5 years. The language disorder
      corresponded in all patients to a severe form of amnesic aphasia but a moderate
      to marked semantic breakdown was also found. Formal language examination was
      complemented by extensive neuropsychological testing. This revealed a severe
      deficit in language-dependent cognitive tasks. The patients were given a follow
      up language and neuropsychological examination. In addition to the deterioration
      of language functions, a significant decline was observed in nonverbal
      intelligence tasks even though their level of performance still remained within
      the normal range. Follow-up with standardized intelligence tests might detect a
      trend towards generalized dementia in similar cases. This would mean that these
      patients should be considered as presenting with slowly progressive aphasia
      preceding generalized dementia.

PMID- 3365546
TI  - Intellectual function following penetrating head injury in Vietnam veterans.
AB  - The extent to which intellectual processes are preserved as a function of
      preinjury 'intelligence' and of size and location of the brain lesions was
      evaluated in Vietnam war veterans who survived penetrating missile wounds. With
      regard to an overall postinjury intelligence test score, preinjury intelligence
      was most predictive, size of lesion was next most predictive and lesion location
      was least important. For subtest scores from the same intelligence test, lesion
      location assumed much greater predictive value. Specifically, left temporal and
      occipital lesions impaired performance on subtests assessing vocabulary and
      object-function matching ability.

PMID- 3365548
TI  - The characterization of experimental gliosis by quantitative nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques were used to study the
      development of astrocytic gliosis following a cortical freezing injury in 4 cats,
      and the findings compared with the histological and ultrastructural appearances
      of the affected white matter. In the first week after lesioning, the acutely
      oedematous white matter was apparent as a region of signal abnormality with very
      prolonged T1' and T2' relaxation times. Following resolution of this oedema, the
      images remained normal for a period of approximately three months. After this
      latent period they became abnormal once again, and the abnormal signal was most
      evident in images emphasizing differences between tissues in T1' and proton
      density, but not T2'. The light and electron microscopic appearances of the
      corresponding tissue were of astrocytic gliosis in each animal. Measurement of
      the relaxation times, T1' and T2', of the abnormal regions revealed an increase
      in T1' without a corresponding change in T2'. The T2' magnetization decay
      characteristics were consistently monoexponential, in contrast to the clearly
      biexponential T2 decay which has previously been demonstrated in the presence of
      acute vasogenic oedema. These findings suggest that the pattern of change of the
      relaxation times and T2 magnetization decay might provide a means of
      distinguishing between lesions in multiple sclerosis which are predominantly
      gliotic, and those containing significant amounts of oedema.

PMID- 3365547
TI  - Remote memory function in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Remote memory for public and personal events was evaluated in Alzheimer's disease
      (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), using a series of recall and recognition
      tests. Information related to content and date of past events was assessed
      separately. In recall of the content of personal and public events, both groups
      showed a gradient of deficit in which remote events were affected less than
      recent ones; the magnitude and temporal extent of the retrograde loss was related
      to severity of dementia. By contrast, gradient effects were not evident in the
      recall of date and were less marked in the recognition of content or date. In
      public and personal events tests, patients with PD showed a relative impairment
      in dating capacity, compared with their memory for the content of events, which
      was independent of dementia. These results suggest that dementia affects the
      recall of distant events less than recall of recent ones. Furthermore, the
      selective gradient effects in recall of content suggest that memory for date is
      served by cognitive processes independent of memory for event content. In PD,
      dating capacity is a sensitive measure of remote memory function that may be
      disrupted independently of dementia.

PMID- 3365549
TI  - Non-invasive laser microsurgery selectively damages populations of labeled mouse
      neurons: dependence on incident laser dose and absorption.
AB  - Selective photothermolysis (SP) is a novel technique by which brief, unfocused
      laser pulses are selectively absorbed by, and cause selective thermal damage to,
      endogenously pigmented structures. This report describes the use of an exogenous
      non-fluorescent chromophore (Procion blue) to effect cellular damage by SP.
      Cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons were selectively labeled with Procion blue
      and subjected to varying doses of laser illumination. Progressive cellular damage
      was assessed by leakage of propidium iodide through damaged membranes. The
      neurons targeted via an exogenous chromophore sustained damage which was
      proportionate to laser dose and chromophore concentration. The results of these
      experiments demonstrated that the rate and extent of neuronal damage can be
      controlled by adjusting either the incident dose of laser energy or the amount of
      target chromophore within cells. Selective photothermolysis will provide an
      experimental tool for neurobiologists in particular and will find general use
      within the biomedical field.

PMID- 3365551
TI  - Reversed ethanol effects on potassium conductances in aged hippocampal dentate
      granule neurons.
AB  - The effect of low dose (20 mM) ethanol superfusion on the membrane and synaptic
      properties of dentate granule neurons was studied in hippocampal slices from
      young-mature (6-8 months) and old (25-29 months) Fischer-344 rats. In young
      neurons, ethanol hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential (RMP) and
      prolonged the post-spike train afterhyperpolarization (AHP). By contrast, ethanol
      depolarized old neurons and decreased their AHPs, in addition to reducing IPSP
      amplitudes and spike frequency adaptation. These effects can be explained by
      ethanol-enhancing potassium conductance (gK) in young neurons and diminishing gK
      in old neurons.

PMID- 3365550
TI  - GABAergic inhibition and the induction of spontaneous epileptiform activity by
      low chloride and high potassium in the hippocampal slice.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from CA3b/c neurons in rat hippocampal slices showed
      that reduction of the extracellular Cl- concentration from 136 to 53 mM produced
      a positive (+10 mV) shift in the reversal potential of GABAergic inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). This shift was not significantly different from
      the shift produced by raising K+ from 3.5 to 8.5 mM. Spontaneous interictal
      bursting occurred in both low Cl- and high K+. Extracellular recordings from the
      pyramidal cell layer in the CA3b/c region of hippocampal slices showed that
      bursts in 56 mM Cl- were of the same waveform and intensity as bursts produced by
      high K+. However the frequency of spontaneous bursting was much lower (6.6 +/-
      1.2/min, n = 10) in low Cl- compared to high K+ (42.2 +/- 3.0/min, n = 33). Burst
      frequency was a linear function of the shift in IPSP reversal potential produced
      by high K+, but not low Cl-. Replacing 60% of the Cl- with methylsulfate or
      isethionate was sufficient to produce spontaneous bursting, whereas it was
      necessary to replace 80% of the Cl- when propionate was used as a substitute. All
      3 Cl- substitutes lowered the ionized Ca2+ concentration, but raising the
      extracellular Ca2+ concentration back to normal did not change the burst
      frequency. Since the amplitude of IPSPs is reduced to a similar extent in low Cl-
      and high K+ solutions, whereas bursting is much faster in high K+, we suggest
      that impaired GABAergic inhibition is insufficient to fully account for
      spontaneous interictal bursting that is produced in hippocampal slices by raised
      extracellular K+.

PMID- 3365552
TI  - Basal forebrain carbachol injection reduces cortical acetylcholine turnover and
      disrupts memory.
AB  - Injection of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the region of cholinergic
      cell bodies in the basal forebrain decreases the turnover rate of acetylcholine
      in the cortex of the rat, as measured by a mass fragmentographic technique.
      Moreover, this treatment has been found to increase the number of working memory
      errors committed as measured in the 8-arm radial maze. These results suggest an
      inhibitory cholinergic mechanism on the cell bodies of basal forebrain neurons
      which may be important in memory and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3365553
TI  - Hexamminecobaltic chloride provides a simple method for marking neurones for
      electron microscopy.
AB  - Intracellular injection of hexamminecobaltic chloride into a neurone causes
      characteristic changes to the structure of its mitochondria. This provides a
      simple technique to label neuronal profiles for examination of their
      ultrastructure. Synaptic structures are not affected by hexamminecobaltic ions.

PMID- 3365554
TI  - A study of cerebellar cortical involvement in motor learning using a new
      avoidance conditioning paradigm involving limb movement.
AB  - These experiments were performed to examine the relationship between the simple
      and complex spike responses of 3-5 simultaneously recorded Purkinje cells during
      the acquisition, performance and extinction of a conditioned forelimb movement in
      decerebrate, unanesthetized ferrets. The data demonstrate parallel, correlated
      changes in simple and complex spike responses throughout the experimental period.
      Since the evaluated Purkinje cells were examined in the cerebellar cortical
      region that contains neurons highly modulated by the intermittent application of
      the conditioning stimulus, these findings argue against an induction of a long
      lasting modification in simple spike responses by the climbing fiber input as the
      basis for this type of motor learning.

PMID- 3365555
TI  - Well-maintained reflex responses of sympathetic nerve activity to stimulation of
      baroreceptor, chemoreceptor and cutaneous mechanoreceptors in neonatal capsaicin
      treated rats.
AB  - Neonatal treatment with capsaicin (CAP) reduced the content of substance P-like
      immunoreactivity in the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii and the dorsal horn
      of the spinal cord in rats. The resting values of the mean arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate of CAP-treated rats were not significantly different from
      those of control rats. Reflex responses of the renal sympathetic nerve activity
      to stimulation of baroreceptor, chemoreceptor and cutaneous mechanoreceptor were
      compared in CAP- and vehicle-treated rats. Under these conditions the reflex
      responses were quite well maintained in CAP-treated rats.

PMID- 3365556
TI  - Reflex effects evoked by stimulation of hypoglossal afferent fibers.
AB  - In pentobarbitone-anesthetized cats, electrical stimulation of the central ends
      of the main trunks of transected hypoglossal nerves evoked vascular (pressor or
      depressor) reactions, mydriasis, slow and deep breathing, and reflex activation
      of laryngeal and facial muscles. Stimulation of the central end of the transected
      ramus descendens hypoglossi also provoked reflex contraction of cricothyroideus.
      These reflexes may be elicited also after intracranial section of hypoglossal
      nerve roots, but not after intracranial section of ipsilateral vagal roots. The
      above reflexes were abolished by acute section of the ipsilateral
      hypoglossonodosal branch, but they may be reproduced by electrical stimulation of
      the central end of this anastomotic branch between hypoglossal nerve and nodose
      ganglion. Stimulation of the central end of one transected hypoglossus evoked
      reflex efferent discharges in contralateral hypoglossus and contraction of
      contralateral tongue muscles. Stimulation of the central end of one transected
      hypoglossal end-branch inhibited efferent discharges in another end-branch. The
      crossed hypoglossohypoglossal reflex and the ipsilateral reflex inhibition were
      abolished by section of the hypoglossonodosal branch or vagal roots at the
      stimulated side. We conclude that reflexes evoked by stimulation of peripheral
      hypoglossal nerve in cats are mediated by afferent fibers directed to the nodose
      ganglion and entering the brain stem via vagal roots.

PMID- 3365557
TI  - Stress-induced occupancy and translocation of hippocampal glucocorticoid
      receptors.
AB  - Using an exchange assay for glucocorticoid receptors, we found that
      immobilization stress resulted in a approximately 50% translocation of receptors
      (i.e. receptors assumed to be chromatin bound) from soluble fractions prepared
      from hippocampal tissue. The increased hormone-receptor signal persisted for
      about 2-4 h following the termination of the stressor. This time course is
      consistent with the known temporal pattern for the negative feedback of
      glucocorticoids on adrenocortical activity.

PMID- 3365558
TI  - Monkey pulvinar units related to motor activity and sensory response.
AB  - Single neuron activity in the pulvinar (Pu) was recorded in unanesthetized Macaca
      irus to investigate the sensory-motor role of this nucleus. A cylinder cemented
      to the skull allowed microelectrode penetrations. The head was immobilized during
      recording. Animals were trained to move a lever (push-pull). Electromyographs
      (EMGs) of several limb muscles were recorded together with Pu unit activity. The
      effect of active and passive limb movements was studied. Pu responses were also
      recorded during stimulation with flashes and clicks. A high percentage of units
      (65%) modified their discharge rate with limb movements. Firings showed a rate
      modulation in relation to specified movement phases, which were characteristic of
      each individual unit. Firing rates correlated with movement parameters, strongly
      with velocity and amplitude, and less with force. Firing rate modulation depth
      correlated better than mean rate changes with movement parameters, implying that
      dynamic information is well represented while static parameters are less
      important. Most of the movement-related units showed visual or auditory
      responses. A visuo-auditory and motor response was demonstrated in a few cells.
      The results suggest a participation of the Pu in motor-control.

PMID- 3365559
TI  - Medullary substrates mediating antinociception produced by electrical stimulation
      of the vagus.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of afferents of the right cervical vagus inhibited the
      tail-flick reflex elicited by noxious heat in barbiturate-anesthetized rats. This
      inhibitory effect was eliminated in rats receiving local anesthetic blockade of
      either the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the lateral reticular nuclei, the
      nucleus raphe magnus-medullary reticular formation, or nucleus raphe obscurus
      regions of the medulla. Similarly, the vasodepressor and bradycardic effects of
      vagal stimulation were either attenuated or eliminated by local anesthetic
      blockade of these regions. Microinjection of the non-specific glutamate
      antagonist gamma-D-glutamylglycine (DGG) into the NTS region also eliminated
      vagally evoked inhibition of the tail-flick reflex, hypotension, and bradycardia.
      Conversely, microinjection of glutamate into the NTS region resulted in
      inhibition of the tail-flick reflex, hypotension, and bradycardia. These findings
      with DGG and glutamate are consistent with the view that glutamate serves as a
      neurotransmitter of the primary vagal afferents mediating these antinociceptive
      and cardiovascular responses. These results are discussed in terms of vagal
      afferent influences on somatosensory, somatomotor, and cardiovascular function.

PMID- 3365560
TI  - Epileptogenic properties of the mast cell degranulating peptide in CA3
      hippocampal neurones.
AB  - The epileptogenic properties of the mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD) have
      been investigated in the CA3 region of the hippocampal slice preparation. Brief
      (3-5 min) bath application of MCD (0.5-2 microM) to CA3 hippocampal neurones
      produced an enhancement of the spontaneous synaptic activity and the appearance
      of spontaneous bursts that persisted for several hours. These bursts were network
      driven and the underlying paroxysmal depolarizing shift met the criteria for a
      giant excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), with a reversal potential close
      to 0 mV. Furthermore following the application of MCD, stimulation of the mossy
      fibres, commissural or temporo-ammonic pathway evoked an EPSP followed by an
      evoked network burst. The bursts which could be elicited for several hours were
      reversibly blocked by a brief application of tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 microM) or
      cobalt (2 mM). In contrast, prior and concomitant treatment with TTX or cobalt
      prevented the occurrence of the bursts induced by MCD. The effects of MCD were
      not due to a blockade of GABAergic inhibition since the toxin did not reduce the
      fast and slow IPSP. Furthermore, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists D-2
      amino-phosphonovalerate (D-APV; 30 microM) or DL-amino-phosphoheptanoic acid (AP
      7, 30 microM) did not block the action of MCD, suggesting that the activation of
      NMDA receptors are neither necessary nor sufficient for MCD-induced bursts. It is
      concluded that MCD induces in the CA3 region long-lasting changes in the synaptic
      responses which may be mediated through a presynaptic mechanism.

PMID- 3365561
TI  - Differential distributions of oxidative enzymes within subnuclei of the
      interpeduncular nucleus in rats.
AB  - Previous research has shown that neuropeptides, biogenic amines, and transmitter
      related enzymes are differentially distributed between the subnuclei of the
      interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). The present study provides evidence that oxidative
      enzymes also are differentially distributed across IPN subnuclei. Histochemical
      staining for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is most intense in the
      dorsal-medial subnucleus, followed in order of diminishing intensity by the
      rostral, rostral-lateral, dorsal-lateral, lateral, central, intermediate, and
      apical subnuclei. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) reaction product is most intense
      in the central and intermediate subnuclei, followed in order of diminishing
      intensity by the rostral, rostral-lateral, lateral, dorsal-medial, and apical
      subnuclei. Since few cell bodies contain reaction product, these enzymes probably
      are localized predominantly within dendrites and/or axon terminals in the
      neuropil of the IPN. The present findings suggest that the individual IPN
      subnuclei have their own distinctive endogenous level of oxidative and general
      metabolic activity.

PMID- 3365562
TI  - Neosurugatoxin: CNS acetylcholine receptors and luteinizing hormone secretion in
      ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Neosurugatoxin, a neurotoxin isolated from the Japanese ivory shell, inhibits
      ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors but not skeletal muscle nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptors. It has also been reported to inhibit (3H) L-nicotine
      binding to high-affinity agonist acetylcholine receptors in rat brain membrane
      preparations. In the present study, 10(-5) M neosurugatoxin inhibited the in
      vitro binding of (3H) L-nicotine to the medial habenular nucleus of frozen,
      coronal sections of rat brain as did 10(-5) M cytisine or nicotine and 10(-4) M
      dihydro-beta-erythroidine. Neosurugatoxin did not inhibit (125I) alpha
      bungarotoxin binding to hypothalamic synaptosomal preparations or to frozen,
      coronal sections of rat brain. Injection of neosurugatoxin into the third
      ventricles of ovariectomized rats resulted in a significant decrease in the
      frequency of pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion but had no effect on
      the amplitude of pulses. A low dose (1 microgram/injection) of the nicotinic
      acetylcholine agent cytisine injected into the third ventricle had no significant
      effect on pulsatile LH secretion. Coadministration of cytisine could block the
      inhibitory effect of neosurugatoxin on LH secretion. It is suggested that
      neosurugatoxin is a useful antagonist to study the biological roles of a specific
      subclass of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammalian brain and reproductive
      neuroendocrine functions.

PMID- 3365563
TI  - The morphology and distribution of rat serotoninergic intraspinal neurons: an
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - An immunohistochemically derived morphological description of a diverse
      population of rat lamina VII and X intraspinal 5HT neurons is provided. These
      bipolar or multipolar neurons occur most frequently in lamina X, dorsal or
      dorsolateral to the central canal, in thoracolumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal
      segments. These 5HT intraspinal neurons are found in normal rat spinal cords as
      well as in spinal cords that have been hemisected or transected 60 days prior to
      serotonin immunostaining. Therefore, 5HT intraspinal neurons are the probable
      source of the biochemically detectable 5HT that remains in the spinal cord distal
      to a spinal transection. In the rat, serotonin intraspinal neurons are most often
      associated with spinal autonomic nuclei but it is unknown if they are
      preganglionic in nature.

PMID- 3365564
TI  - Nicotine enhances cerebral glucose utilization in central components of the rat
      visual system.
AB  - The effect of nicotine in visual system components of the rat brain was examined
      using the 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]-glucose ([14C]DG) technique. Nicotine was
      administered subcutaneously (SC) at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg 2 min before
      the infusion of the radiotracer. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was
      stimulated by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner in many brain regions
      associated with the visual system. Increases of over 100% were seen in the
      superior colliculus, nucleus of the optic tract, and portions of the accessory
      optic system (medial and dorsal terminal nuclei, and the inferior fasciculus).
      Statistically significant increases were also observed in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus, the lateral terminal nucleus and the cerebellum. The effects were
      blocked by pretreatment with mecamylamine and by enucleation. The findings lend
      support to the involvement of the nicotinic cholinergic system in the processing
      of visual information or visual-motor function.

PMID- 3365565
TI  - Intrahypothalamic microinjection of calcitonin prevents stress-induced gastric
      lesions in rats.
AB  - Injection of salmon calcitonin into the lateral ventricle or the cisterna magna
      was reported to potently inhibit gastric lesions induced by cold restraint
      stress. The forebrain sites of action were investigated using unilateral
      microinjection of salmon calcitonin prior to exposing conscious pylorus-ligated
      rats to cold restraint stress for 2 hr. Calcitonin (100 ng), microinjected in 100
      nl volume by pressure ejection from glass micropipette positioned into the
      lateral or ventromedial hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus, prevented
      the development of gastric lesions whereas microinjections into the caudate
      putamen, the cerebral cortex or the hippocampus were ineffective. The
      antiulcerogenic effect of lateral hypothalamic injection was dose dependent and
      specific since calcitonin gene-related peptide, tested under the same conditions,
      had no effect. Microinjection of calcitonin at 100 ng dose into the ventromedial
      hypothalamus did not modify gastric secretion whereas microinjection into the
      lateral hypothalamus or the paraventricular nucleus induced 75-82% inhibition of
      gastric acid output in pylorus-ligated rats exposed to restraint stress. These
      results demonstrate that the hypothalamus including the lateral, ventromedial and
      paraventricular nuclei are responsive sites of action for calcitonin-induced
      inhibition of cold restraint stress ulcers. The antiulcerogenic effect may be
      related to suppression of gastric acid secretion along with other mechanisms that
      remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 3365566
TI  - Functional ablation of the olfactory bulb by spreading depression: unit activity
      changes and transient anosmia.
AB  - Cortical spreading depression (SD) is widely used to induce functional
      decortication. Development of a reliable technique for eliciting SD in the
      olfactory bulb (OB) of rats makes it possible to achieve functional elimination
      of the first relay of the olfactory pathway. In order to assess the unit activity
      changes accompanying OBSD, adult male hooded rats (n = 31) were anesthetized with
      pentobarbital and activity of OB units was recorded with carbon fiber
      microelectrodes. The predepression activity (12.7 +/- 0.8 Hz) increased up to
      35.1 +/- 4.1 Hz during the burst which attained maximum 44 +/- 6 sec after K+
      acetate injection and corresponded to the steep depolarization phase of SD slow
      potential. The burst lasted 20.4 +/- 2.9 sec on the average and was followed by
      187 +/- 20 sec of complete silence. Gradual recovery to the predepression level
      lasted 229 +/- 27 sec. Activity of most units (63%) in the contralateral OB was
      not changed. Significant reactions of OB neurons to ipsilateral cortical SD found
      in 57% units were mostly inhibitory (49%). OBSD-induced anosmia was examined in a
      group of rats (n = 8) with unilateral bulbectomy and a guiding tube implanted
      into the remaining OB for microinjection of K+ acetate. One week after surgery,
      the animals were examined in the food-retrieval olfactory test. The
      microinjection of K+ acetate severely disrupted the food finding behavior in 60%
      rats during 3-min test. Both electrophysiological and behavioral results indicate
      that OBSD is a convenient tool for inducing short-lasting anosmia.

PMID- 3365567
TI  - Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.

PMID- 3365568
TI  - Cancer control efforts of the UICC.

PMID- 3365569
TI  - Postirradiation ulcer and topical metronidazole.

PMID- 3365570
TI  - Digital dermatoglyphics in mammary cancer.
AB  - Fingerprints from 200 women with histologically proven breast cancer (case group)
      were compared to fingerprints from 138 women with no history of any malignant
      disease (control group). Of the patterns analyzed, four were significantly
      associated with breast cancer: accidentals, transitionals, angled ulnar loops,
      and horizontal ulnar loops. A fifth print, the angled radial loop, was found to
      be of borderline importance as an independent predictor of breast cancer. Of 200
      patients in the case group, 27 had one or more accidental prints, 58 had one or
      more transitionals, 34 had one or more horizontal ulnar loops, and 93 had one or
      more angled ulnar loop patterns. In 138 control subjects there were 2 with
      accidental patterns, 21 with one or more transitionals, 6 with horizontal ulnar
      loops, and 16 with one or more angled ulnar loops. In addition, there appeared to
      be a gradient of risk; a woman with one type of suspicious print is at higher
      risk of breast cancer than a woman with none, and two suspicious prints indicate
      a higher risk than does one. If these findings are confirmed, the prints
      described will represent a noninvasive anatomical marker of breast cancer risk.

PMID- 3365571
TI  - The effect of sodium butyrate and retinoic acid on growth and CEA production in a
      series of human colorectal tumor cell lines representing different states of
      differentiation.
AB  - The effect of sodium butyrate and retinoic acid added singly or in combination on
      substrate-dependent growth, colonization efficiency in soft agar, and carcino
      embryonic antigen (CEA) production in three human colorectal carcinoma cell lines
      differing in their degree of differentiation was studied. All three colon cancer
      cell lines regardless of their state of differentiation had their growth markedly
      slowed by sodium butyrate, and to a lesser extent by retinoic acid. When both
      agents were added together, a small synergistic inhibition of growth was noted in
      all the cell lines. Butyrate eliminated colony formation in soft agar in all
      three cell lines, however, retinoic acid only reduced colony formation in the
      well differentiated cell line DLD-2. Sodium butyrate was able to induce CEA
      production in the undifferentiated cell (MIP-101) and the moderately
      differentiated cells (clone D) which were previously negative for this marker. It
      also enhanced the baseline production of CEA in the well differentiated cells
      (DLD-2). Retinoic acid did not induce CEA production in clone D or MIP-101 cells,
      but did enhance the production of CEA in DLD-2 cells. When both retinoic acid and
      sodium butyrate were added together, CEA production was either additive (DLD-2)
      or was inhibited (clone D and MIP-101). One explanation of these results is that
      only well differentiated cells have functional cellular retinoic acid-binding
      protein (cRABP), and that certain actions of retinoic acid (inhibition of
      anchorage-dependent growth) are independent of the presence of cRABP.

PMID- 3365572
TI  - In vivo determination of ATP in tumors using 31P inversion spin transfer.
AB  - The in vivo exchange kinetics of creatine kinase in the hind leg muscle of rats
      containing a transplanted mammary adenocarcinoma has been investigated using 31P
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using a solenoid coil, the adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) resonances arising from the tumor could be distinguished from
      ATP resonances arising from the muscle surrounding the tumor by use of inversion
      spin transfer techniques. This procedure affords a specific method of evaluating
      ATP metabolism of tumors in vivo.

PMID- 3365573
TI  - Levels of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins in patients with breast
      cancer during various phases of the menses.
AB  - Analysis of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins was carried out in 75
      premenopausal and 79 postmenopausal patients with primary operable breast
      carcinoma who were treated from January 1983 to December 1984. The frequency of
      estrogen receptor protein positive/progesterone receptor protein positive (+/+);
      estrogen receptor protein negative/progesterone receptor protein negative (-/-);
      estrogen receptor protein negative/progesterone receptor protein positive (-/+);
      and estrogen receptor protein positive/progesterone receptor protein negative (+/
      ) was 40.5%, 30.5%, 23%, and 6% in premenopausal patients, respectively, and 52%,
      24%, 2.5%, and 21.5% in postmenopausal patients, respectively (p less than
      0.001). The mean positive estrogen receptor protein concentration (expressed as
      femtomoles per milligram of protein +/- SEM) was significantly higher in
      postmenopausal patients (54 +/- 6) than in premenopausal patients (19 +/- 2) (p
      less than 0.005). The progesterone receptor protein values did not differ
      significantly between these two groups. The phase of the menstrual cycle was
      recorded at the time of surgery in the 75 premenopausal women. Maximum receptor
      positivity occurred in the secretory phase, however, this difference is not
      statistically significant, and our data suggest that there are no distributional
      differences between the phase of menses and positivity of estrogen and
      progesterone receptor proteins. Future studies which included analyses of
      circulating sex steroid levels and receptor proteins will provide a better
      understanding of complex hormonal regulatory mechanisms which exist in patients
      with breast cancer.

PMID- 3365574
TI  - Cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase is a tyrosylphosphorylated form of human
      LDH-A, skeletal muscle isoenzyme.
AB  - Cancer-associated lactate dehydrogenase is a tyrosylphosphorylated form of human
      skeletal muscle isoenzyme, since the partial amino acid sequences of human liver
      LDH-K/A protein were found to be identical with the known primary structure of
      human LDH-A isoenzyme and the LDH-A isoenzymes from human placenta and bovine
      muscle were shown to be tyrosylphosphorylated. This tyrosylphosphorylated LDH-K/A
      protein was also found to be complexed with 21 kD, 30 kD, and 56 kD proteins.

PMID- 3365575
TI  - School sexual abuse prevention: unintended consequences and dilemmas.
AB  - In view of the recent proliferation of school sexual abuse prevention programs
      and materials, this article critically examines current assumptions about the
      role of elementary school personnel in prevention and possible unintended
      consequences of such assumptions. These unintended consequences include
      emphasizing a simple solution to a complex social problem and contributing to
      victim blaming. Some dilemmas that arise for classroom teachers around
      predeveloped curricular materials and mandatory reporting are also explored.
      Teacher use of predeveloped materials may mean a diminishing of wider teaching
      skills and reduction of complex concepts to brief, noncontroversial interventions
      that may serve to mystify sexuality and unduly frighten students. Mandatory
      reporting, as it is frequently presented to teachers, can create further dilemmas
      by obscuring the ethical decisions inherent in the process, assuming consistently
      positive outcomes after reporting, and neglecting the context in which teachers
      work. The authors suggest that educators should be aware of these possible
      unintended consequences and dilemmas in order to maintain a broad perspective on
      child sexual abuse and to focus their efforts more effectively within a larger
      network addressing the problem.

PMID- 3365576
TI  - Perpetrator suicide following incest reporting: two case studies.

PMID- 3365577
TI  - Suicide of perpetrators after disclosure of child sexual abuse.

PMID- 3365578
TI  - Clinical judgment of abuse-proneness based on parent-child interactions.

PMID- 3365579
TI  - Sibling incest.

PMID- 3365580
TI  - The use of consumer injury registry data to evaluate physical abuse.
AB  - Health care workers called upon to evaluate trauma in children must frequently
      decide if a given injury may have been intentionally inflicted. Some injuries are
      considered to be virtually diagnostic of abuse, but most are not at present
      readily associated with a particular type of intentional or nonintentional
      trauma. This study presents an example of how epidemiologically derived injury
      pattern data might be used by health care workers to better detect cases where
      intentional injury may have occurred. Injury pattern data were obtained for one
      type of trauma, falls from children's highchairs, from the U.S. Consumer Product
      Safety Commission (CPSC). Medical personnel at four training levels were
      randomized to receive a case description, which included an account of a fall
      from a highchair as the explanation of an injury, with or without the CPSC data.
      The injury described in the case was not one found in the CPSC pattern data. They
      were subsequently asked about their confidence in the explanation given and their
      desire to make a report of suspected abuse. Respondents given the CPSC data
      appropriately had less confidence in the explanation (p less than .001), although
      both groups felt strongly that a report should be made. Decreased confidence was
      demonstrated at all training levels. We concluded that clinicians could make use
      of injury pattern data in their examination of trauma cases, although such data
      cannot substitute for a thorough medical and social evaluation.

PMID- 3365581
TI  - Court-ordered vs. voluntary treatment of abusive and neglectful parents.
AB  - The effects of voluntary vs. court-mandated participation in a comprehensive
      child abuse and neglect treatment program were compared. The treatment program
      offered therapeutic family day care for the children of preschool age, group
      sessions for the parents, and home treatment for the entire family. The impact of
      the program was noted in the quality of the affective interaction between parents
      and children and disciplinary methods used, among other measures. Families in
      voluntary and court-ordered treatment participated in the program at comparable
      levels. They increased significantly their use of praise and descriptive praise
      in their interaction with their children, and reduced drastically their use of
      criticism; however, they continued to attend to their children's annoying
      behaviors. The overall results of this comparison indicate that court-mandated
      treatment does not necessarily render abusive and neglectful parents less
      amenable to treatment.

PMID- 3365582
TI  - Identifying correlates of reabuse in maltreating parents.
AB  - Forty-five abusive parents (40 mothers, 5 fathers) in treatment at a large, urban
      medical center's child abuse program were compared on 22 parent, child, and
      treatment variables posited to bear on reabuse. While no one variable by itself
      was strongly associated with reabuse, the data indicated that interactions
      involving several variables (e.g., income source, marital status, and the
      abuser's personal abuse history) significantly differentiated between reabusers
      and nonreabusers. Implications of the findings for research and clinical
      intervention are discussed.

PMID- 3365583
TI  - Symptomatology associated with childhood sexual victimization in a nonclinical
      adult sample.
AB  - The current study examined the incidence and long-term effects of sexual abuse in
      a nonclinical sample of adult women. Approximately 15% of 278 university women
      reported having had sexual contact with a significantly older person before age
      15. On a modified version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, these women reported
      higher levels of dissociation, somatization, anxiety, and depression than did
      nonabused women. Abuse-related symptomatology was positively associated with the
      age of the abuser, the total number of abusers, use of force during
      victimization, parental incest, completed intercourse, and extended duration of
      time.

PMID- 3365584
TI  - Molestation and the onset of puberty: data from 365 adults molested as children.
AB  - This study examines whether molestation is most likely to occur before or after
      the onset of puberty and also whether molestation is likely to be a one-time
      occurrence or last for a long time. The study analyzed intake interviews from 365
      adults molested as children (AMACs). The AMACs were entering treatment at the
      Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program, San Jose, CA. This paper presents data on
      the age of onset and end of the molestation and the duration of the molestation
      in years. For this sample, the average age of onset was 7.5; the average age at
      the end of the molestation was 13. The overwhelming majority of molestations
      lasted one year or more. We discuss results in the context of past studies and
      suggest areas for further research.

PMID- 3365585
TI  - A comparative study of attitudes toward child sexual abuse among social work and
      judicial system professionals.
AB  - To meet the needs of mutual clients, perpetrators and victims, social service and
      judicial system professionals share an obligation to collaborate in cases of
      child sexual abuse. Unknown is the extent to which individuals in counter
      professions share common beliefs about perpetrators and victims of child sexual
      abuse. This paper reports an inquiry into the attitudes of five professional
      groups within an urban criminal justice system specific to victim credibility,
      victim culpability, offender culpability, and the crime and punishment of child
      sexual abuse. As predicted, statistically significant differences in attitudes
      were found among child welfare social workers, police officers, district
      attorneys, public defenders, and judges. In particular, groups differed in their
      beliefs about victim credibility and punishment of offenders, suggesting conflict
      in addressing two fundamental questions in these cases: (1) Can a child be
      believed when he or she reports sexual abuse? and (2) How should the system deal
      with offenders? Both questions beg the continuing attention of all professionals
      invested in these cases, ultimately benefiting victims and offenders. Both
      quantitative and qualitative findings are provided in this report.

PMID- 3365586
TI  - [Midazolam in ORL. Apropos of 57 cases].

PMID- 3365587
TI  - [Technic of para-cervical block in inferior vagal ganglia. Comparative study of
      pethidine and nefopam in premedication].

PMID- 3365588
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma. Apropos of a case found in the peroperative period].

PMID- 3365589
TI  - [A crisis of peroperative angina. After nasal spraying with a 10% solution of
      neosynephrine during dacryocystorhinostomy].

PMID- 3365590
TI  - [Peroperative disclosure of a case of malignant hyperthermia. Elements of
      suspicion of the diagnosis, in vitro study of the sensitivity of muscle fibers].

PMID- 3365591
TI  - [Post-university European training in anesthesia-resuscitation].

PMID- 3365592
TI  - [Activity of protein C in the peroperative period. Influence of sepsis].

PMID- 3365593
TI  - [Importance of suspended peridural anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
      Apropos of 112 patients in the urology service of the Regional Hospital Center of
      Lille].
AB  - Epidural anaesthesia has been used for transcutaneous renal surgery. Hemodynamic
      and respiratory parameters were satisfactory in 88% of the cases (2% of
      complications, 10% of technical failure). Compared to local anaesthesia
      associated with sedative analgesia or general anaesthesia, epidural anaesthesia
      appeared more convenient.

PMID- 3365594
TI  - [Difficult intubations in ORL. Etiological aspects and management. Apropos of 100
      cases].

PMID- 3365595
TI  - [Allergy to anesthetic agents: analysis of 96 recent cases].
AB  - This retrospective study concerning 96 observations from 1984 to 1987 allows to
      estimate the incidence of anaphylactoid reactions, the risk factors and the drugs
      involved in these accidents. During these three years, 96 anaphylactoid reactions
      due to anaesthetic drugs were collected. These anaphylactoid reactions were
      investigated by intradermal skin tests and in vitro by leukocyte histamine
      release. The drugs most often involved were the muscle relaxants and over all
      suxamethonium. This muscle relaxant must be reserved to strict indications.

PMID- 3365596
TI  - Verapamil and calcium-free cardioplegia.

PMID- 3365597
TI  - Smoking, alcohol consumption, lipid and lipoprotein levels.
AB  - The lipid profiles of 1165 French Canadian men (aged 42 to 59 years) were studied
      and related to drinking and smoking habits. Alcohol consumption and smoking were
      closely related, smokers consuming twice as much alcohol as non-smokers. When
      relative body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride and alcohol consumption
      were controlled in a covariate analysis, plasma levels of high density
      lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL2 and HDL3 differed significantly between
      smokers, ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Ex-smokers had higher levels of HDL
      cholesterol than nonsmokers who had higher levels than smokers. The higher levels
      of HDL in ex-smokers could be explained by the confounding effects of alcohol
      intake. Alcohol users had significantly higher levels of HDL cholesterol, HDL2
      and HDL3 than nondrinkers. Men who drank the equivalent of more than 3 ounces of
      absolute alcohol per week had significantly higher levels of HDL cholesterol and
      HDL3 than those who drank less than 3 ounces or did not drink at all. HDL2 levels
      were only significantly different between nondrinkers and those who consumed more
      than 3 ounces per week. These results show that smoking and alcohol have strong
      but opposing effects on HDL and its subfractions in middle-aged French Canadian
      men.

PMID- 3365598
TI  - An unusual case of cardiac tamponade.
AB  - A 29-year-old woman with Ebstein's anomaly on anticoagulant therapy presented
      with chest pain. A diagnosis of pericarditis was made once a myocardial
      infarction and pulmonary embolus had been excluded. She was discharged but
      returned shortly thereafter with fever, tachypnea and tachycardia. A repeat chest
      film disclosed that the cardiac silhouette had enlarged greatly since prior
      admission. Despite the absence of pulsus paradoxus, right heart catheterization
      confirmed the clinical suspicion of pericardial tamponade.

PMID- 3365599
TI  - Association between immediate termination of supraventricular tachycardia by
      carotid sinus pressure and carotid sinus hypersensitivity.
AB  - An association between rapid reversion of supraventricular tachycardia by carotid
      sinus stimulation and carotid sinus reflex hypersensitivity during sinus rhythm
      is described in a 55-year-old patient. The findings indicate that a high level of
      vagal tone facilitates vagal maneuvers in terminating some supraventricular
      tachyarrhythmias. The briskness of the response during tachycardia may also be a
      marker for underlying carotid sinus hypersensitivity.

PMID- 3365600
TI  - 2-D echocardiographic analysis of interventricular septal motion: concept of an
      anterior and posterior part to the septum.
AB  - 2-D echocardiography was performed in 50 patients with transmural anteroseptal
      (group 1) or inferior myocardial infarction (group 2). Twenty-four patients with
      myocardial infarction had diagnostic coronary arteriography. Twenty-five normal
      subjects served as controls. The interventricular septum was subdivided into
      proximal and distal halves. In the parasternal long axis view (PSLAX),
      interventricular septum asynergy was seen in 96% of patients of group 1 and none
      in group 2. In the apical four chamber view (A4C), the proximal interventricular
      septum was abnormal in 48% of group 2 patients, but only one patient in group 1.
      The distal half of the interventricular septum in the A4C was abnormal in 48% of
      patients in group 1 and 12% in group 2. Complete asynergy of the interventricular
      septum in the PSLAX view was seen in 80% of patients with proximal stenosis in
      the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in association with anteroseptal
      myocardial infarction. Distal asynergy in this view was noted in all patients
      with a stenosis distal to the first septal perforator. In conclusion, the PSLAX
      visualizes the anterior interventricular septum and demonstrates wall motion
      abnormalities associated with anteroseptal infarction; complete asynergy of the
      interventricular septum in the PSLAX view suggests an anteroseptal infarction
      with proximal LAD stenosis; the A4C visualizes the posterior interventricular
      septum and proximal wall motion abnormalities are seen in inferior infarction
      while distal septal wall motion abnormalities occur in anteroseptal or inferior
      infarction.

PMID- 3365601
TI  - Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with no overt heart disease:
      electrophysiologic observations and clinical outcome.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in nine survivors of out-of-hospital
      cardiac arrest who had no overt heart disease on clinical, hemodynamic and
      angiographic evaluation. Cardiac arrest occurred during sedentary activity in
      seven patients and during exercise in two; no patient was on antiarrhythmic drugs
      at the time of cardiac arrest. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic
      monitoring demonstrated premature ventricular beats in four patients (44%).
      Electrophysiologic stimulation induced sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or
      fibrillation (VF) in five patients, nonsustained VT in one patient and less than
      five ventricular beats in the remaining three patients. Of five patients with
      inducible sustained VT or VF, four had complete suppression of inducible VT with
      antiarrhythmic therapy, and none of these four patients died suddenly or had
      clinical VT after an average follow-up of 27 months (range 12 to 41 months). The
      remaining patient with inducible sustained VT refused serial electropharmacologic
      testing, was treated empirically with amiodarone (400 mg/day) and died suddenly
      eight months later. Of the four patients with noninducible sustained VT or VF,
      three received no antiarrhythmic therapy and one was given a beta-blocker. None
      had recurrent cardiac arrest or symptomatic VT after an average follow-up of 17
      months (range 13 to 20 months). Thus, inducibility of sustained VT or VF provided
      a reliable end point for long term antiarrhythmic therapy and noninducibility
      identified a subset of patients that had an excellent prognosis without specific
      antiarrhythmic therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365602
TI  - Recovery of the conduction system from ischemic arrest and cardioplegia in
      perfused rat heart.
AB  - Normothermic ischemic arrest of the perfused rat heart for 1 h was followed by
      severe reperfusion arrhythmias, depressed excitability, atrioventricular (AV)
      node and sinoatrial (SA) node conduction blocks and by marked impairment of
      contractility. Excitability and conduction recovered within 10 to 15 mins whereas
      contractility remained greatly depressed. This finding is in agreement with a
      theoretically based assumption of lesser sensitivity of conduction system to
      ischemia compared to the working myocardium. When the hearts were exposed to
      ischemia at 20 degrees C, the sinus rhythm recovered instantaneously upon
      reperfusion; excitability and SA node conduction times were not significantly
      different from control; and contractility was much less depressed than after 34
      degrees C ischemia. However, AV node conduction times did not normalize even
      after 15 mins of reperfusion. Potassium cardioplegia (34 degrees C) did not
      prevent post ischemic arrhythmias but evidently protected both SA node and AV
      node conduction. Optimum recovery of the conduction system and contractility was
      achieved by hypothermic (20 degrees C) potassium cardioplegia. Other cardioplegic
      additives did not further improve the hypothermic potassium protection of the
      conduction system.

PMID- 3365603
TI  - Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3365604
TI  - Stress and the operating room nurse.

PMID- 3365605
TI  - Peel Memorial Hospital's computerized operating room scheduling system.

PMID- 3365606
TI  - Defunctioning colostomy: an outmoded operation?

PMID- 3365607
TI  - Colonoscopy after resection for bowel cancer--is it already too late to answer
      the question?

PMID- 3365608
TI  - Prognostic factors in colorectal carcinoma of young adults.
AB  - To determine why the prognosis for colorectal cancer in young adults is poor,
      survival and prognostic factors in patients under 40 years of age were compared
      with those in patients between 40 and 50 years of age. In a 10-year period, 122
      patients less than 50 years of age (88 between 40 and 50 years) presented at the
      Victoria General Hospital in Halifax, NS, with colorectal cancer. Their charts
      were retrospectively reviewed. Follow-up was obtained for all patients. Of the 34
      patients younger than 40 years, 71% (24) were men compared with 38% (33) of older
      patients. Symptoms, their duration and the location of primary tumours were
      similar in the two groups. Patients younger than 40 years presented with advanced
      lesions (Dukes' stages C and D) in 67% of cases compared with 52% of the older
      group. Mucinous tumours were twice as common in patients less than 40 years old
      (p = 0.036) and actuarial survival rates were lower at all stages for the same
      group. The authors conclude that the poorer prognosis in patients less than 40
      years of age is not due to late symptom reporting or delay in diagnosis, but to
      more aggressive disease.

PMID- 3365609
TI  - Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in excision of renal cell carcinoma
      invading the vena cava.
AB  - Two patients with renal cell carcinoma invading the inferior vena cava to the
      level of the right atrium underwent complete excision of their renal tumours.
      Clearance of the caval extension was accomplished using cardiopulmonary bypass,
      profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. The use of these techniques visually
      improved the operative field without extending operating time. Profound
      hypothermia and circulatory arrest do not increase postoperative morbidity or
      mortality and offer the best opportunity for cure.

PMID- 3365610
TI  - Acute intestinal ischemia.
AB  - Massive acute intestinal ischemia, an intra-abdominal catastrophe, is associated
      with a high death rate. Only with early diagnosis and prompt aggressive
      management can this rate be reduced. The key to diagnosis is suspicion followed
      by intelligent interpretation of physical findings, awareness of the importance
      of elevated leukocyte count and inorganic phosphate levels and of acidosis, and
      more liberal use of superior mesenteric angiography in cases of possible
      intestinal ischemia. A "golden period" exists in which the bowel may be
      revascularized without tissue loss, so the aim should be to make the diagnosis
      more often during this period and to restore intestinal blood flow promptly.

PMID- 3365611
TI  - Chronic mesenteric ischemia.
AB  - Although chronic mesenteric ischemia is an infrequent, even rare, condition and a
      busy vascular surgeon may encounter only one such patient in a year, the
      associated morbidity and mortality are high, especially if the condition is not
      recognized. General and vascular surgeons must bear in mind the triad of
      postprandial pain, weight loss and diarrhea. Patients with mesenteric ischemia
      are at high risk and generally have diffuse peripheral vascular disease. Although
      surgery is hazardous, successful repair can result in long-term survival without
      morbidity. The author favours antegrade supraceliac bypass grafting over
      infrarenal grafting which is technically more difficult.

PMID- 3365612
TI  - Colonic ischemia after aortic reconstruction.
AB  - Colonic ischemia after aortic reconstruction is rare, but when it occurs in its
      worst form it carries a 50% death rate. The etiology and pathogenesis of this
      condition demonstrate that in many instances it may be prevented. Early
      recognition, particularly of the transmural ischemic injury, is essential.
      Numerous techniques used during surgery for assessing the adequacy of colonic
      perfusion have been evaluated and found to be cumbersome and inaccurate in terms
      of predicting colonic ischemia. Recent experience with the use of the pulse
      oximeter appears promising in identifying patients with inadequate colonic
      perfusion who may then be candidates for reimplantation of the inferior
      mesenteric artery.

PMID- 3365613
TI  - Methyldopa hypersensitivity can mimic acute toxic enterocolitis.
AB  - The most widely known hypersensitivity reaction of methyldopa, a drug commonly
      used in the treatment of hypertension, is seroconversion to a positive result of
      a direct Coombs' test that may lead to a hemolytic anemia. The authors report a
      case of an infrequently noted, but serious, hypersensitivity reaction to
      methyldopa, manifesting primarily as acute toxic enterocolitis. A 63-year-old
      woman was admitted to hospital and underwent aggressive and prolonged
      investigation of enterocolitis. Withdrawal of methyldopa gave immediate relief of
      intestinal problems. Rechallenge precipitated a return of symptoms within 14
      hours. It is recommended that periodic blood counts and liver function tests be
      done on patients treated with methyldopa for hypertension. If any abnormalities
      are noted the drug should be discontinued.

PMID- 3365614
TI  - Primary resection and anastomosis of lesions obstructing the left colon.
AB  - It is becoming apparent that primary resection and anastomosis of the left colon
      for colonic obstruction is a feasible operation. This paper reviews 750 colonic
      resections at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital of Montreal, of which 40 were
      performed on unprepared bowel in patients with obstructed left colonic lesions.
      The pre- and postoperative hospital stay was greatly reduced. The death rate was
      5% and complication rate 40%. Follow-up results suggest this procedure is safe
      and that an adequate cancer operation can be carried out. It should be stressed
      that not all obstructing left colonic lesions can be treated with a one-stage
      procedure and that the Hartmann procedure or a protective colostomy can always be
      used if the situation warrants it.

PMID- 3365615
TI  - Multiorgan failure in critically ill patients.
AB  - Of 1136 patients admitted consecutively to two medical-surgical intensive care
      units, 100 were found to have multiorgan failure, defined as failure of more than
      two organ systems. The average duration of stay in the intensive care units was
      13.4 days. The overall death rate was 78% compared with 12.8% for patients
      without multiorgan failure. The most common initiating illnesses or insults were
      sepsis, surgery, accidental trauma and cardiogenic shock. Of potential risk
      factors studied, shock, sepsis, surgery, pre-existing organ disease and age over
      65 years were the most common. Although sepsis occurred before or during the
      course of multiorgan failure in 78 patients, in only 34 was sepsis judged to be
      the prime insult leading to multiorgan failure. Surgery during the course of
      multiorgan failure had neither an adverse nor beneficial effect on outcome. The
      mean number of organ systems failing was 4.36 for survivors and 5.03 for
      nonsurvivors. The most common systems to fail were central nervous,
      cardiovascular and respiratory.

PMID- 3365616
TI  - Effects of immobilization and continuous passive motion on postoperative muscle
      atrophy in mature rabbits.
AB  - The effects of continuous passive motion and cast immobilization on muscle
      atrophy were compared 3 weeks after bilateral arthrotomies on 10 mature New
      Zealand rabbits. The gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles
      were excised and weighed, and the dry weights of the gastrocnemius were also
      determined. The protein concentration and cross-sectional areas of types I and II
      muscle fibres in the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles were measured.
      Compared with the results in rabbits treated by cast immobilization, continuous
      passive motion significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced muscle atrophy as
      determined from the wet and dry weights of the gastrocnemius muscles, the protein
      content in the tibialis anterior muscles and the cross-sectional areas of the
      type II fibres in the rectus femoris muscles.

PMID- 3365617
TI  - Colonoscopy in the follow-up of patients with colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - In an effort to determine the value of colonoscopy in the follow-up of patients
      who have undergone resection for colorectal carcinoma, the authors evaluated
      prospectively 100 consecutive patients who, during follow-up after resection for
      colorectal cancer, had normal findings on barium enema examination and also
      underwent colonoscopy. The follow-up from operation to colonoscopy ranged from 8
      months to 15 years (average 2.6 years). Two recurrent and two metachronous
      carcinomas were detected. In addition, 25 polyps (3 benign) were removed from 22
      patients. Twelve of the malignant polyps were less than 1 cm in dimension, the
      other 10 were larger. Colonoscopy is considered valuable in this setting for
      earlier detection and removal of recurrent and metachronous carcinomas and
      potentially premalignant lesions.

PMID- 3365619
TI  - A review of intra-articular knee injuries in racquet sports diagnosed by
      arthroscopy.
AB  - Because of the recent rapid increase in the number of knee injuries related to
      racquet sports, the authors undertook a retrospective study of such injuries seen
      over a 5-year period at the Toronto Western Hospital Sports Medicine Institute.
      The 121 patients who presented over the study period with a racquet-sports
      related knee injury requiring arthroscopy represented 30% of all racquet-sports
      related injuries seen during that period. The mean age at presentation was 32.8
      years and two-thirds of the patients were men. All the major racquet sports were
      represented. In all, 213 lesions (7 bilateral) were seen at 128 arthroscopies,
      and 165 arthroscopic procedures were performed. The most common lesion was
      meniscal followed by chondromalacia patellae, anterior cruciate ligament tears,
      chondral lesions and pathologic plicae. Over 90% of the patients returned to
      their chosen racquet sport within 3 months of the arthroscopy and most were
      playing at a similar performance level to that before the initial injury.

PMID- 3365618
TI  - Demographic and medical characteristics of adult head injuries in a Canadian
      setting.
AB  - This study provides demographic and medical information about patients admitted
      with head injuries to Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, Ont., in 1978 and in
      1982. Data are presented about patient age and sex, type and cause of accident,
      length of stay, extracranial complications, severity of head injury, frequency of
      use of various neurodiagnostic techniques and type of discharge placement. The
      costs of hospitalization for such patients, both in the Sunnybrook Medical Centre
      and for Canada as a whole, are estimated.

PMID- 3365620
TI  - CPR: is there a better method?

PMID- 3365621
TI  - Loxoscelism in Canada.

PMID- 3365622
TI  - Do you believe in allergies?

PMID- 3365623
TI  - "Pro-abortion" versus "pro-choice".

PMID- 3365624
TI  - Two cheers for meta-analysis: problems and opportunities in aggregating results
      of clinical trials.

PMID- 3365625
TI  - The use of infants in drug research when there is no direct benefit to them: a
      survey of Canadian health care professionals serving on ethics committees.
AB  - Canadian health care professionals and lawyers serving on ethics committees were
      questioned about their views on pharmacokinetic research in newborn infants who
      are not likely to benefit directly from the results. Of the 50 respondents 13
      felt that blood samples should be taken only for therapeutic reasons; 10 of the
      13 argued that additional blood samples should not be taken, because there is no
      direct benefit to the infant; and 8 felt that proxy consent cannot be given for
      invasive nontherapeutic research. Four of the five participating lawyers would
      not permit additional blood samples to be taken. Of the 37 respondents who would
      permit additional blood samples to be taken, 27 felt that the number of samples
      taken should depend on the researcher's justification for that number of samples;
      only 7 of the respondents had a clear idea of what the "upper limit" of the
      number of blood samples should be.

PMID- 3365627
TI  - Physicians and nuclear war: why do doctors get involved?. Interview by Thomas
      Perry Jr..

PMID- 3365628
TI  - When parents are doctors: can MDs have a life outside medicine?

PMID- 3365626
TI  - [Comparative efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis using cefoxitin in one or in
      three doses in cesarean section].
AB  - To compare the effectiveness of three doses and of a single dose of cefoxitin, a
      second-generation cephalosporin, in preventing infection after nonelective
      cesarean section, we carried out a prospective study in 255 women who underwent
      the procedure between March 1983 and February 1985. The rate of postoperative
      infection was 7% in the group that received three doses and 8% in the one-dose
      group. The sensitivity and specificity of perioperative cultures were low. The
      rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria was high, at 20%, but few symptomatic urinary
      tract infections were found. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose is
      suggested for all nonelective cesarean sections.

PMID- 3365629
TI  - High-tech conceptions: can Canada afford them?

PMID- 3365630
TI  - Thailand: trying to take health care to the people.

PMID- 3365631
TI  - Completing charts: this computer can save time.

PMID- 3365632
TI  - What's wrong with trying to make the patient comfortable?

PMID- 3365633
TI  - The lateralization of atypical facial pain.
AB  - Various theories have been proposed to explain the reported predominance of left
      sided symptoms in patients with conversion disorders, psychogenic symptoms, and
      chronic pain. In a population of 110 patients with atypical facial pain (AFP),
      there were no significant differences in the side of pain or lateralization of
      pain between psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. A non-significant trend to
      left-sided pain in psychiatric patients was found if only those patients with
      lateralized pain were examined. The significance of these results to etiological
      theories of chronic pain lateralization is discussed.

PMID- 3365634
TI  - A sleep laboratory evaluation of the long-term efficacy of zopiclone.
AB  - Six patients between the ages of 25 and 59, with chronic, primary insomnia
      received the new, non-benzodiazepine, hypnotic zopiclone continuously for 17
      weeks after a drug free interval of 12 nights. To qualify for the study, sleep
      efficiency, determined by a sleep study on two, consecutive, placebo-controlled
      nights, had to be less than 75%. Patients evaluated their sleep by questionnaire
      and had sleep studies completed throughout active treatment. Zopiclone (7.5 mg)
      increased sleep efficiency by decreasing sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep
      onset and increasing total sleep time. Sleep architecture was minimally affected
      by zopiclone treatment; no significant changes in delta or REM sleep were
      observed. The commonest side effect was a bitter or metallic taste. No
      significant changes in biological functioning were noted throughout the study
      period. These findings indicate that zopiclone is a safe and effective hypnotic
      medication which maintains its effectiveness with protracted use.

PMID- 3365635
TI  - Residents performance on the mental status examination.
AB  - Twenty-six residents watched a videotape of the mental status examination of a
      psychotic patient, then wrote their assessment of the patient's mental status.
      The residents' reports were independently graded by the authors. The residents'
      marks were compared to performance on departmental oral examinations. Results
      showed that global or qualitative assessment of mental status performance was
      reliable. Excellent interrater reliability was achieved when the assessment
      criteria for sub-items of the mental status were well defined.

PMID- 3365636
TI  - Computer-supervised exposure treatment for phobias.
AB  - Twenty phobic outpatients were treated by 9 weekly "interviews" at the console of
      a desk computer. Using a conversational style and multiple choice questions, the
      computer assessed the symptoms and agreed a hierarchy of self-exposure tasks.
      Each week the patient was given a diary sheet of tasks to practise daily. At his
      next visit his progress and motivation were assessed, and if he was succeeding he
      was encouraged to accept progressively more difficult tasks. This group was
      compared with a group of 20 patients (matched for age, sex and type of phobia)
      treated conventionally by a therapist in the preceding year. Progress was
      measured on standardized scales (both self- and clinician-rated). The two groups
      showed significant improvement on all the scales, and 75-80% of each group were
      much improved (scores reduced by 50%). The therapist treated group tended to be
      more severely ill at entry and to show greater improvement during treatment.
      Improvement was maintained at 6 month follow-up in both groups.

PMID- 3365637
TI  - What price insanity?
AB  - The insanity defence in Canada is defined by the use of Section 16 of the
      Criminal Code. Legal sanity is determined by the application of an outdated set
      of rules which require only that the accused be able to determine right from
      wrong in the particular circumstances that appear to have applied at the time of
      the alleged offence. The actual application of the defence suggests that its
      interpretation in practice is considerably affected by factors other than the
      mental state of the accused. The arbitrary and ill-understood nature of these
      interposed factors removes any certainty that justice, or the well-being of the
      accused, is to be found by use of the existing law. Psychiatry should not rest
      content that its understanding of the determinants of human behavior is in any
      way accurately represented by Canada's Criminal Code.

PMID- 3365638
TI  - Who gets what treatment and why.
AB  - Planning of treatment in psychiatry does not receive the same careful attention
      that is given to formulation and diagnosis. Very often the choice of the format
      and the orientation of the treatment is determined by the personal preference of
      the therapist. It is suggested that proven effectiveness of the treatment for the
      condition presented by the patient should be given a priority. Where no treatment
      is proven to be superior, such considerations as parsimony and availability of
      expertise should be taken into account.

PMID- 3365639
TI  - An experience in psychiatric record linkage.
AB  - This paper describes a personal experience in setting up a psychiatric record
      linkage system in an Eastern Ontario city. It discusses the rationale, background
      and methodology of the Kingston Psychiatric Record Linkage System and includes a
      detailed description of the practical issues encountered in its establishment and
      operation. The issues include funding, cooperation of local facilities, system
      start-up, operating costs, and data collection, linkage, entry, processing,
      storage and analysis. The limitations and uses of this system are discussed.
      Potential problems such as financial support and reliance on others have been
      resolved and the system has been functioning remarkably well since 1984.
      Published reports from other record linkage systems do not include such mundane
      details which would have been useful to know before planning this project. It is
      hoped that this paper will be beneficial to others who are interested in record
      linkage.

PMID- 3365640
TI  - Narcosuggestion in chronic conversion symptoms using combined intravenous
      amobarbital and methylphenidate.
AB  - Five patients with chronic conversion symptoms were treated with narcoanalysis
      and narcosuggestion using combined methylphenidate and amobarbital. The
      combination of methylphenidate and amobarbital proved useful because
      methylphenidate antagonized sedation and allowed optimal patient cooperation. In
      four cases recovery of neurological function was obtained in the first or second
      interview and subsequently improved with practice and positive feedback. In each
      instance recovery of neurological function during a narcoanalytic interview
      confirmed the diagnosis of a conversion reaction. The narcoanalytic interview
      also confirmed or uncovered important psychopathology and psychodynamics which
      permitted more accurate treatment of the underlying psychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3365641
TI  - Three cases of suicide in Chinese-Canadian women.
AB  - This article purports to draw attention to the particular phenomenology of
      depression and suicide in Chinese. Three case histories are presented. The
      patients were all women in their forties, first-generation immigrants having
      resided for more than 20 years in Canada. These cases illustrate the significance
      of certain cultural factors in the understanding of depression in Chinese
      patients, namely: the importance of somatization, the familial reaction of denial
      or rejection to mental illness, the rigidity of the traditional family structure.
      The authors discuss the role played by conflicts of culture in the greater
      vulnerability to depression in Chinese middle-aged women.

PMID- 3365643
TI  - Does Canadian psychiatry consider enough of society's issues.

PMID- 3365644
TI  - Are there genetic factors in suicide?

PMID- 3365642
TI  - Acute confusional state with status petit mal as a withdrawal syndrome--and five
      year follow-up.
AB  - A 55 year old man developed an acute confusional state with grossly impaired
      short-term memory accompanied by a Status Petit Mal epilepsy pattern on EEG, one
      to two weeks after abruptly discontinuing a large amount of oxazepam and a
      smaller amount of alcohol. Both his mental status and EEG pattern normalized
      markedly after intravenous diazepam. On 5 year follow-up the patient was seizure
      free and medication-free without any significant residual cognitive deficit.

PMID- 3365645
TI  - Criminalization of the mentally ill: Part I. Police perceptions.
AB  - This paper reports the findings from Phase I of an ongoing prospective,
      longitudinal study of mentally ill offenders. The study documents the nature,
      extent and location of mentally ill offenders in the criminal justice system in
      Southern Alberta, evaluates mechanisms which are used to identify mentally ill
      offenders in need of treatment, identifies existing psychiatric services
      available within the criminal justice system and documents their psychiatric
      service utilization patterns. A study cohort of 611 was identified at their time
      of arrest and followed through the justice process from initial detention until
      final release. Part I on this study focuses on the period of arrest. More
      specifically, police perceptions of disturbed behaviour are examined. The
      prevalence of police-identified offenders is reported and police judgments
      regarding possible causes of disturbed behaviour (that is, mental illness, drugs,
      alcohol) and recommendations for psychiatric treatment are examined.
      Discrepancies between official recommendations made by police to a bail
      magistrate (and recorded on the arrest report) and unofficial recommendations
      collected as part of the study are explained in terms of differing decision
      making models; clinical versus legal. Finally, the importance of police
      perceptions concerning the presence of mental illness as opposed to substance
      abuse are identified as important factors which influence the decision to
      recommend psychiatric examinations.

PMID- 3365646
TI  - Criminalization of the mentally ill: Part II. Initial detention.
AB  - In 1939 Penrose explained the correlation between crime and mental illness in
      terms of an administrative rather than an etiological link. Penrose's theory
      encompasses the idea that social standards for defining aberrant behaviour change
      as do the administrative facilities designed to control such behaviour. Social
      groups cope with individuals who display undesirable behaviour in one of two
      ways. They define the behaviour as incompetent and invoke the mental health
      system or they define the behaviour as criminal and employ the jail. Penrose
      documented an inverse relationship between these facilities whereby the
      population of mental hospitals increases as the population of jails decreases,
      and vice versa, depending on the prevailing laws, funding or stage of development
      of either system. The actual size of the population requiring institutional care,
      however, remains stable forcing individuals to transmigrate from one system to
      the other in order to obtain institutional support. Over the past two decades,
      increasing numbers of mentally ill have found their way into jails, however,
      little systematic evidence has been produced to document the process followed by
      these individuals as they move through the justice-correctional system, or how
      their psychiatric needs are met. The authors have conducted a prospective
      longitudinal investigation to document the transmigration of mental patients
      through the criminal justice system and have followed a cohort of individuals
      arrested in the City of Calgary during the month of October, 1984. Arresting
      officers were asked to complete a special study form to identify individuals who,
      in their perception, displayed mentally disordered behaviour during the
      arrest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365647
TI  - Primary central nervous system germ cell tumors. Effect of histologic
      confirmation on radiotherapy.
AB  - Primary malignant intracranial germ cell tumors are rare lesions responsible for
      only 0.5% of all central nervous system (CNS) malignancy. With stereotactic
      localization these lesions can be safely biopsied, and histologic confirmation
      will affect the ultimate prognosis. This report is a multi-institutional
      retrospective analysis of 33 patients diagnosed with a primary CNS germ cell
      tumor. Tumors in 14 patients (42%) were histologically confirmed (13 germinoma
      and one embryonal cell carcinoma); 19 patients were treated with a presumptive
      diagnosis. All patients were irradiated with a dose range of 3950 cGy to 6000 cGy
      to the primary lesions. Eight patients received craniospinal irradiation, and 25
      patients were locally treated. The 5-year actuarial survival for the entire
      population was 64%. The survival rate in patients with histologic confirmation
      was 79% versus 53% in the unbiopsied population. Radiation doses greater than
      5000 cGy, radiotherapy volume, and age were prognostic factors in determining
      survival.

PMID- 3365648
TI  - Radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for early prostate cancer. Two roads
      to the same end.
AB  - The relative success of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy is discussed
      for the treatment of prostate cancer. Obstacles to this comparison included
      changing criteria for treatment, variations in endpoint reporting and data
      analysis, the lack of help from retrospective trials, the confusion caused by
      concurrent hormonal manipulation, and the influences of patient and tumor
      factors. Complications of treatment are different and often not well reported.
      Long-term outcome is similar in the few studies available and one may conclude
      that the two treatments produce the same good success in controlling early
      disease.

PMID- 3365649
TI  - Effects of Fluosol-DA and oxygen breathing on adriamycin antitumor activity and
      cardiac toxicity in mice.
AB  - Tumor growth delays were obtained in the MX1 human breast carcinoma xenograft
      treated with various combinations of Adriamycin (doxorubicin), Fluosol-DA, and
      carbogen breathing (95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide). Adding carbogen breathing (6
      hours) or Fluosol-DA (Green Cross, Osaka, Japan) and air breathing to this drug
      treatment did not change the tumor growth delay observed. When 2 hours of
      carbogen breathing was delivered immediately after injection with Fluosol-DA and
      Adriamycin, a tumor growth delay of almost 36 days was observed, which was a
      significant increase from the tumor growth delay obtained with Adriamycin alone
      (P less than 0.01). Increasing the carbogen breathing time to 6 hours immediately
      after drug administration resulted in a tumor growth delay of about 43 days which
      was not statistically significantly different from the tumor growth delay seen
      with the complete treatment and 2 hours of carbogen breathing, but was different
      from the drug alone (P less than 0.005). A morphologic evaluation of Adriamycin
      cardiotoxicity in combination with Fluosol-DA and carbogen breathing was carried
      out. There was only mild cardiotoxicity in all treatment groups. There was a
      trend towards increased cardiotoxicity of Adriamycin as the treatment dose was
      increased from 1 to 4 mg/kg/dose, reaching statistical significance (P less than
      0.05) for the Adriamycin (4 mg/kg/dose) + Fluosol-DA + carbogen breathing group
      when compared to the three treatment groups at 1 mg/kg/dose Adriamycin. The
      results of these studies indicate that there may be a therapeutic gain by the use
      of Fluosol-DA and carbogen breathing in combination with Adriamycin chemotherapy.

PMID- 3365650
TI  - Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for neuroblastoma. A case-control study.
AB  - Neuroblastoma is the most common neoplasm in children less than 1 year of age and
      has one of the earliest incidence peaks of all childhood cancers. Using birth
      registration data, a matched case-control study was undertaken to investigate
      potential prenatal and perinatal risk factors. Ninety-seven neuroblastoma
      patients who were born in Minnesota were matched with four controls each. No
      associations were identified for sex, race, parental age, parental education,
      complications of pregnancy, labor, or delivery, or the previously reported
      factors of birth weight greater than 4000 g or gestational duration of 36 weeks
      or less. In 6.6% of the cases and 0.8% of the controls, physical anomalies were
      noticed before discharge from the newborn nursery. Of the six anomalies reported
      in the cases, four were found to be the tumor itself or a complication of it. A
      significant protective effect (odds ratio (OR), 0.47) was noticed for a maternal
      history of previous fetal loss. Future studies, including biologic markers and
      stage stratification, may yield more insight into the cause of this disease.

PMID- 3365652
TI  - Colonic involvement in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy resembling inflammatory
      bowel disease.
AB  - A woman 68 years of age had fever, malaise, diffuse lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
      followed by abdominal pain, and diarrhea. A lymph node biopsy specimen showed
      nonspecific follicular hyperplasia. Symptoms were responsive initially to
      prednisone. Recurrent symptoms warranted colonic biopsy, which was consistent
      with Crohn's disease, and were responsive partially to prednisone and azulfidine.
      Because of progressive deterioration, a repeat lymph node biopsy was performed
      and showed the characteristic histologic feature of angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AILD). The evolution of the histopathologic features of the case
      is discussed, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of AILD are reviewed.
      Although the GI tract is an unusual site for extra nodal AILD, colonic
      involvement can imitate the clinical and histologic features of inflammatory
      bowel disease.

PMID- 3365651
TI  - Recombinant interferon alpha-C for advanced hairy cell leukemia. An Israeli
      multicenter study.
AB  - Thirteen patients with advanced hairy cell leukemia were treated with a new
      subspecies of interferon (IFN): recombinant IFN (rIFN)-alpha-C. The timing of the
      peripheral hematologic remission of individual blood elements was similar to that
      reported for other interferons, and 60% of patients attained a complete
      peripheral hematologic remission at 9 months. Two patients relapsed despite a
      good initial response to IFN. No anti-IFN antibodies could be detected in their
      sera. In vitro studies of colony formation from the peripheral blood of all
      responding patients showed that rIFN-alpha-C did not inhibit the growth of
      colonies but favorably affected the maturation of their elements towards
      monocytes, granulocytes, and erythroid elements. The relapsing patient examined
      initially experienced a similar beneficial in vitro response which paralleled his
      in vivo improvement. During relapse, rIFN-alpha-C inhibited both the colony
      formation and the myelomonocytic differentiation in the in vitro cultures. These
      findings may suggest that the acquired resistance to IFN in our patient could be
      due either to an acquired stem cell maturation arrest in response to IFN or to
      emergence of a new clone indifferent to IFN-alpha-C differentiation effect.

PMID- 3365653
TI  - Oligodendroglioma. A comparison of two grading systems.
AB  - In order to compare the grading system for oligodendrogliomas described by M.T.
      Smith (1983) with the conventional grading system according to Kernohan (1938),
      specimens from 72 patients were graded according to both systems, and survival
      times of the patients were compared. Survival rates decline in older patients. No
      interaction between the age of the patient and the degree of the tumor was found.
      No influence of localization of the tumor on survival was found. Similar to the
      system of Kernohan, the grading system of Smith distinguishes between only three
      groups of patients with significantly different survival times. In Smith's Grade
      A and Kernohan's Grade 1 the longest survivals are found; while in Smith's Grade
      D and Kernohan's Grade 4 the shortest survivals are found. Smith's Grades B and C
      as well as Kernohan's Grades 2 and 3 were intermediate with respect to the
      survival times of the patients and did not significantly differ from each other.
      With the independently significant features (cell density, pleomorphism, and
      necrosis) evaluated according to simple on-off scoring, and with the reduction
      from four grades to three, the grading system according to Smith would provide a
      simple and good, concise grading system for oligodendrogliomas of the brain.

PMID- 3365654
TI  - Tumor clearance at resection margins in total laryngectomy. A clinicopathologic
      study.
AB  - The specimens from total laryngectomy performed in 70 patients were studied using
      the step-serial whole organ sectioning technique. Transverse histologic sections
      were taken and examined for minimum tumor clearance. The clinical status of
      patients for at least 4 years of observation was correlated with microscopic
      clearance of margins. The actual presence of tumor at the margins of resection
      was found in 21 (30%) of the specimens. The tumor was found to reach within 1 mm,
      2 mm, and more than 2 mm from the margins in nine (13%), four (6%), and 36 (51%)
      specimens, respectively. The anterolateral margin was most commonly involved
      (19%), followed by the posterolateral (11%), postcricoid (7%), and upper (1.4%)
      margins. Local recurrence was found to be related to degree of clearance as 10 of
      21 (48%) patients with no clearance and one of nine (11%) with 1 mm clearance had
      local failure. None of the patients with 2 mm clearance or more developed local
      recurrence. It is concluded that step-serial whole organ sectioning is an
      adequate method for thoroughly examining resection margins in laryngectomy
      specimens.

PMID- 3365655
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsies of breast masses. A critical analysis of 1956
      cases in 8 years (1976-1984).
AB  - A series of 1956 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of breast masses is
      described. The diagnostic accuracy of this series (sensitivity, 95.7%;
      specificity, 89.6%; predictive value of positivity, 95.9%; and efficiency, 94.0%)
      was compared with that published in the literature. Statistically significant
      differences were found between the level of diagnostic accuracy in series
      published by pathologists who diagnosed smears prepared by clinicians and
      surgeons (Group A), and those published by pathologists who performed palpation
      and aspiration, and made the cytologic diagnosis by themselves (Group B). These
      differences mainly consisted of a lower number of false-positives and
      "unsatisfactory" samples in Group B series.

PMID- 3365656
TI  - Atypical and neoplastic acinar cell lesions of the pancreas in an autopsy study
      of Japanese patients.
AB  - A histopathologic examination of the pancreas was performed on a series of adult
      Japanese autopsies. In ten of 162 pancreases (6%) with adequate tissue available,
      two types of focal atypical acinar cell lesions, composed of acidophilic or
      basophilic cells, were found. Acidophilic atypical acinar cell lesions were more
      frequent than basophilic ones, although the one case of acinar cell adenoma and
      two cases of acinar cell carcinomas showed high incidences of basophilic atypical
      acinar cell lesions. The findings are concluded to support the possibility that
      atypical acinar cell lesions are precursors for acinar cell carcinomas.

PMID- 3365657
TI  - Rectal epithelial cell proliferation in a group of young adults. Influence of age
      and genetic risk for colon cancer.
AB  - Twenty-one medical students with an average age of 23.3 +/- 1.5 years and no
      family history of large bowel cancer had a rectal biopsy taken for in vitro
      incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3HTdR). The number and position of labeled
      epithelial cells in this group was compared with an older control group of 12 and
      two groups of individuals at high risk for colon cancer. The latter were (1) 18
      young asymptomatic individuals from familial colon cancer families without
      polyposis with a 50% risk for colon cancer, average age 24.1 +/- 3.7; and (2) 17
      older individuals with the same genetic background and risk factor, average age
      53.8 +/- 10.2 years. A group of 20 young individuals from cancer-free branches of
      familial colon cancer kindreds with a 25% risk for colon cancer, average age 23.1
      +/- 3.6, also was studied. No overall differences in labeling index (LI) were
      found among the young groups, i.e., the control versus the low risk or high risk.
      The range of LI values was narrow regardless of risk. However age was associated
      with a significant increase in LI as observed among older controls and the 50%
      risk group as compared to younger persons; the range of LI values was wider among
      the older groups regardless of risk. Concerning the distribution of DNA
      synthesizing cells, young controls had significantly more S-phase cells in the
      lower third of the crypts than either young high-risk or low-risk groups (P less
      than 0.05). Similarly, young controls had significantly fewer labeled cells in
      the middle third than the young high-risk group and young controls had
      significantly fewer S-phase cells in the upper third than did young low-risk or
      high-risk groups. When young and old members of the same group were pooled, the
      control group had the highest percentage of labeled cells in the lower third of
      the crypt (62.5%) which was significantly higher than both the low-risk (53.7%)
      and the pooled high-risk groups (51.6%). For the upper third of the glands, the
      low-risk (7.6%) and the pooled high-risk groups (6.8%) were significantly
      different from the controls (3.3%). Thus initial risk for colon cancer is more
      related to the distribution of S-phase cells than to their number, i.e., LI. Risk
      appears to be related to more DNA-synthesizing cells in the upper crypt, an
      indication that relatively early on in life the DNA switch-off mechanism shows
      signs of being defective.

PMID- 3365658
TI  - Histopathologic grading in spindle cell soft tissue sarcomas.
AB  - Tumor grade is currently the most important factor in the staging of patients
      with soft tissue sarcomas. In previous studies, a histopathologic grading system
      was described and its reproducibility was tested. The current study reports the
      value of this grading system in spindle cell sarcomas, which represent about one
      half of all adult soft tissue sarcomas, the precise identification of which is
      often difficult. One hundred twenty-five such tumors were studied
      retrospectively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most frequent histologic
      type, followed by leiomyosarcoma, neurosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. Tumor grade was
      correlated with the advent of metastases and survival, and was the main
      prognostic factor according to multifactorial analysis introducing clinical
      prognostic factors.

PMID- 3365659
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoreticular malignancies and peripheral
      neurologic disease. A report of four cases.
AB  - The most common human immunodeficiency virus-related (HIV) malignancies to date
      include Kaposi's sarcoma and the high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. There also
      appears to be an association between HIV and an aggressive form of Hodgkin's
      disease. In addition, there is a spectrum of HIV-related central and peripheral
      neurologic syndromes. This article documents four patients with HIV-associated
      lymphoma who presented with peripheral neurologic syndromes as part of their
      neoplastic process. Autopsy results obtained from two of these patients showed
      direct nerve infiltration by lymphoma. All patients had an elevated serum lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH). It is recommended that HIV-related lymphoma be considered in
      a high-risk patient who presents with a peripheral neurologic syndrome especially
      if there is an elevated serum LDH.

PMID- 3365660
TI  - AIDS-related lymphoid neoplasia. The Memorial Hospital experience.
AB  - The clinical features and laboratory results of 63 patients with or at risk for
      AIDS with lymphoid neoplasias seen from November 1980 through November 1986 are
      reviewed. Forty-three had systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), nine had primary
      large cell lymphomas of the brain, 11 had Hodgkin's disease (HD), and one had
      plasmacytoma evolving to myeloma. Those with systemic NHL included 40 (93%) with
      intermediate or high-grade histologies, 35 (81%) with advanced stage (III, IV),
      and 28 (65%) with extranodal disease at presentation (predominantly marrow and
      meninges). Overall survival was short (median, 10.5 months from diagnosis) with
      the majority of deaths attributable to AIDS-related opportunistic infections
      (OI). However, 17 patients with diffuse NHL achieved a complete clinical
      remission, and nine now have been disease-free for more than 1 year (median
      follow-up, 28 months; range, 12 to 73 months). Early stage and lack of systemic
      symptoms were features associated with prolonged disease-free survival. Primary
      brain NHL was a uniformly lethal manifestation of AIDS, being diagnosed at
      postmortem in seven of nine severely immunosuppressed homosexual men. As with
      NHL, a propensity towards advanced disease and extranodal involvement was also
      observed in HD, suggesting that the atypical clinical behavior of HD may be an
      additional epiphenomenon of AIDS. This experience tends to argue for the use of
      intensive therapy in at least some patients with AIDS-related systemic NHL since
      it has resulted in a proportion of long-term disease-free survivors.

PMID- 3365661
TI  - Long-term survival of 1035 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AB  - Long-term results of 1035 previously untreated patients with nasopharyngeal
      carcinoma seen at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, between
      March 14, 1958 and March 15, 1968 are presented. Of the 1035 patients, 715 were
      treated with radiation therapy; 281 patients did not receive radiation therapy;
      and 39 patients whose records were lost. The patients were further subdivided
      according to the dose of radiation therapy (greater than 4000 rad versus less
      than 4000 rad), the presence or absence of pathologic confirmation of diagnosis,
      whether or not follow-up was complete, and whether or not distant metastases
      developed during treatment. All patients are included in the analysis. The 5-year
      and 10-year absolute survival rates for the entire group of 1035 patients are
      19.6% and 14.5%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates for
      the 715 patients who received radiation therapy are 28.4% and 21.0%,
      respectively. The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates of the 464 with a
      pathologically confirmed diagnosis, who were without evidence of distant
      metastases and who received at least 4000 rad were 34.7% and 25.4%, respectively.
      Details regarding our statistical methods as well as an exact breakdown of the
      patient population are presented.

PMID- 3365662
TI  - Embryonal carcinoma of the testis.
AB  - Long-term survival rates were correlated with selected clinical features in 479
      patients with embryonal carcinoma of the testis and 33 patients with endodermal
      sinus tumor (infantile embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor). In the period 1977
      to 1982 embryonal carcinoma accounted for 26.8% of newly diagnosed germ cell
      tumors and 43% of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors entered in the Centralized
      Cancer Patient Data System. Among patients with embryonal carcinoma, over 80%
      were diagnosed in the 15-to-34 year age group. Seventy-four percent of the
      patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and 50% of these had
      distant metastases, attesting to the aggressiveness of embryonal carcinoma and
      its tendency to early hematogenous spread. Despite the highly malignant nature of
      the tumor, the overall 5-year survival rate with treatments used was an
      excellent, 88%. Survival was correlated with the extent of disease at the time of
      diagnosis; the 5-year actuarial survival rates for patients with localized,
      regional, and distant disease were 98%, 96%, and 74%, respectively. Endodermal
      sinus tumor was uncommon (1.8% of all testicular germ cell tumors), occurred
      predominantly in the younger age group (0-24 years), and in 50% of the cases was
      localized to the testis. The survival rate for the 33 patients with this form of
      tumor was slightly worse than for the "adult form" of embryonal carcinoma. The
      authors conclude that survival of patients with embryonal carcinoma has greatly
      improved over the last decade as a result of improved methods for early detection
      of metastatic deposits and the effectiveness of newer chemotherapies in the
      treatment of disseminated disease.

PMID- 3365663
TI  - Gallium 67 scintigraphy in the evaluation of Gardner's syndrome.
AB  - Seven patients with Gardner's syndrome--familial polyposis, desmoid tumors, and
      extracolonic manifestations--underwent gallium 67 (67Ga) scintigraphy. Gallium 67
      was taken up by all desmoid tumors and skull osteomas. Three patients were
      considered clinically disease-free and scintigraphy was normal. Gallium 67
      scintigraphy may be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with Gardner's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3365664
TI  - Prevalence of dysplasia and cancer of the cervix in a nationwide, planned
      parenthood population.
AB  - Two and three-tenths percent of cervical smears disclosed abnormalities from
      among 1,045,059 submitted for processing and examination by the Cancer Screening
      Service. The smears came from 198 Planned Parenthood Family Planning Clinics in
      23 States during a 3-year period. Mild to moderate dysplasia was most frequent in
      women 25 to 29 years of age (prevalence rate, 25.7/1000), severe dysplasia and
      carcinoma in situ in women 35 to 39 years of age (prevalence rate, 4.6/1000), and
      invasive carcinoma in women older than 50 years of age (prevalence rate,
      0.47/1000). All lesions also were encountered in younger women. Mild dysplasia
      was found in girls as young as 10 years of age, severe dysplasia in girls as
      young as 15 years, and invasive carcinoma in women as young as 20 years. The
      large number of young women with abnormalities suggests that availability of
      screening programs for sexually active women is important.

PMID- 3365665
TI  - High-dose versus low-dose metoclopramide in the prevention of cisplatin-induced
      emesis. A randomized crossover study in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Forty-six patients with ovarian carcinoma who received single drug cisplatin
      chemotherapy were evaluated for the antiemetic efficacy of two different doses of
      metoclopramide. Each patient received during the first two courses a 4-hour
      continuous infusion of either 8 or 0.8 mg/kg in a random order. Total protection
      from emesis was achieved in 12 (26%) of the high-dose courses and in three (7%)
      of the low-dose courses of metoclopramide. Major control (one or two emetic
      episodes) was achieved in seven (16%) and in four (9%) of the courses,
      respectively. The higher dose of metoclopramide significantly reduced the degree
      of nausea as recorded on a visual analogue scale. A significant difference
      between courses 1 and 2 could only be seen when the high-dose treatment was
      followed by low-dose metoclopramide. The duration of anorexia after the courses
      was not influenced by the metoclopramide dosage. Side effects were mild. It is
      concluded that there is a dose-response relationship for the antiemetic effect of
      metoclopramide.

PMID- 3365666
TI  - Gallium 67 imaging in monitoring lymphoma response to treatment.
AB  - The value of gallium 67 (Ga) imaging in monitoring lymphoma response to treatment
      was assessed in 25 patients with Ga-avid tumors and compared to body computed
      tomography (CT), chest radiographs, and palpation of tumor infiltrated peripheral
      lymph nodes. Ga imaging was negative in 95% (20/21) of the patients who were
      clinically considered to be in remission and in whom treatment was stopped. The
      disease did not recur during a follow-up of 12 to 26 months in 15 patients. Six
      patients developed recurrence of the disease 3 to 12 months after treatment was
      stopped. In all six patients Ga imaging became positive again at the time of the
      appearance of active disease. In the group of patients in remission, CT was
      negative in 57% (11/19), chest x-rays in 55% (6/11) and peripheral lymph nodes
      were palpated in none of the patients (13/13). In four patients that did not
      achieve remission after treatment, Ga scans were positive. Ga imaging appears
      useful in monitoring lymphoma response to treatment. This is probably because Ga
      imaging monitors tumor cell viability, whereas body CT and chest radiographs show
      the tumor mass, which may consist of fibrotic or necrotic tissue.

PMID- 3365667
TI  - Radiation-induced sarcoma of the breast in a female adolescent. Case report with
      histologic and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl developed a radiation-induced sarcoma of the left breast after
      successful combined surgical and radiation therapy of a left adrenal carcinoma
      when she was 9 months old. The breast lesion was histologically described as a
      stromal sarcoma with fibrosarcomatous and myxosarcomatous areas. The second
      primary lesion and local recurrence of this was treated with surgery. At each
      recurrence the tumor became more aggressive both clinically and histologically,
      and eventually proved fatal.

PMID- 3365668
TI  - Exposure of cryptantigens on erythrocytes in patients with breast cancer.
AB  - One hundred thirty-two patients with breast cancer were examined for exposure of
      cryptantigens on their erythrocytes (RBC) using a lectin panel consisting of
      Arachis hypogaea and Glycine soja. Eight had exposed cryptantigens; of the eight,
      five were classified with additional lectins as T-polyagglutination type and
      three as Th-polyagglutination. A control group of 300 healthy blood donors had no
      exposed cryptantigens on their RBC. These findings could not be correlated with
      the staging of the tumor, extension of metastases, or positive estrogen or
      progesterone receptors of malignant tumor cells. Only one study has been found
      that describes the incidence of agglutination of erythrocytes from cancer
      patients using a monoclonal antibody, which detected an epitope on the RBC from
      cancer patients and was considered to be distinct from the antigen bound by
      naturally occurring anti-T. Studies have been made describing polyagglutinable
      sites on breast cancer tumor cells, where there was a much higher incidence. This
      discrepancy can be explained either by a difference in the methods used to search
      for cryptantigen exposure on the various types of cells, or by the existence of a
      different mechanism, which causes the exposure of cryptantigens on RBC as opposed
      to malignant breast tumor cells.

PMID- 3365669
TI  - Melanoma cell heterogeneity. A study of two monoclonal antibodies compared with S
      100 protein in paraffin sections.
AB  - Fifty-six formalin, Bouin's, and Carnoy's fixed, paraffin-embedded malignant
      melanomas (21 primary, 35 secondary), were studied by avidin-biotin complex
      immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) HMB-45 and B1.1,
      comparing reactivity with polyclonal anti-S-100 protein. B1.1 (anti-CEA MoAb) was
      expressed in a minor percentage of cells of the invasive component of some
      primary melanomas, and weak to moderately in scattered metastic melanoma cells.
      MoAb HMB-45 prepared against melanocytic tumors reacted with over 90% of all
      tumors studied, being weakly reactive in one, and nonreactive in four metastases.
      This antibody stained some primary melanomas and their dysplastic nevus
      components in a heterogeneous manner, but was largely nonreactive in deep dermal
      nevus cells that were in association with invasive melanoma, enabling recognition
      of the deepest penetration of melanoma cells in the dermal nevus component. MoAb
      HMB-45 appears specific for melanoma cells, with no cross-reactivity with
      nonnevomelanocytic malignant tumors (unlike polyclonal anti-S-100 protein). MoAb
      HMB-45 is more sensitive in detecting malignant melanoma cell heterogeneity than
      anti-S-100 protein.

PMID- 3365670
TI  - Essential thrombocythemia. Clinical characteristics and course of 61 cases.
AB  - Sixty-one patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) were followed from 1974
      through 1987 at the Medizinische Poliklinik. Fifty-one patients (84%) presented
      with thromboembolic complications, and eight patients (13%) with hemorrhages. In
      seven patients (12%), a thrombocytosis was detected accidentally. Disturbances of
      the microcirculation (67%), mainly of the fingers and toes (53%), were the most
      frequent thromboembolic symptoms. The mean age of all patients was 58 years (male
      patients, 61 years; female patients, 56 years). The average platelet count at
      diagnosis was 897,000/microliter. The average maximal platelet count was 1.231 X
      10(6)/microliter (range, 500,000/microliter to 4 X 10(6)/microliter). Seventy-two
      percent had a moderate leukocytosis (average, 12,400/microliter), 34% a
      splenomegaly, 29% a hepatomegaly. Signs of hypermetabolism were infrequent,
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid elevations, if present, were moderate.
      Bleeding time and viscosity were normal in most patients. Spontaneous platelet
      aggregation was increased in 81% of patients (n = 40). Platelet aggregation
      studies with the aggregation inducing substances adenosine diphosphonate (ADP),
      platelet activating factor (PAF), thrombin, collagen, and adrenalin showed
      hypoaggregation in most patients. Adrenalin-induced aggregation distinguished
      best between ET-patients and reactive thrombocytosis showing hypoaggregation in
      all ET-patients tested (n = 16) and in none of 22 controls. Bone marrow studies
      were performed in 57 patients. The histologic studies (done in 49 patients) were
      consistent with a chronic myeloproliferative disorder in all cases. In 41 cases
      (84%) the picture of a megakaryocytic myelosis was found, in 12 of these a
      granulocyte-rich form of megakaryocytic myelosis. Cytologic studies only (eight
      patients) did not differentiate ET well from reactive thrombocytosis. Platelet
      aggregation studies and bone marrow histology may be of help in the diagnosis of
      difficult cases of thrombocytosis. The Philadelphia status was negative in all
      cases studied (14 patients). Fourteen patients died. The causes of death were
      thromboembolic complications in probably 11 and acute leukemia in two patients.
      The probability of 10-year survival is 64% after a mean follow-up time of
      approximately 5 years. It appears that considering the average age of ET patients
      at diagnosis, life expectancy is close to normal.

PMID- 3365671
TI  - Neuroblastomas contain iron-rich ferritin.
AB  - The ultrastructure of neuroblastoma was examined using unstained sections so that
      ferritin particles could be identified by the electron density of their iron
      cores. Ferritin and hemosiderin were found in ten of 11 neuroblastomas that were
      examined when the patients first presented. The study was therefore expanded to
      an additional group of children, including some diagnosed by noninvasive
      procedures and given chemotherapy before the excision of their tumors. In this
      second group 12 of 20 specimens contained ferritin and hemosiderin in variable
      amounts. In both groups there was a tendency for patients with advanced disease
      to have increased amounts of iron compounds in the tumor tissue (Stage III and
      particularly Stage IV). Most Stage IV patients also had elevated serum ferritin
      levels. However, based on the available heterogenous material, no absolute
      relationship could be established between age, disease stage, tumoral storage
      iron, and the level of serum ferritin. The presence of ferritin in neuroblastoma
      may be linked to the elevated serum ferritin levels and may be implicated in
      tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3365672
TI  - Feulgen cytometry in simultaneous endometrial and ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The modal DNA value was measured in six patients with simultaneous endometrial
      and ovarian carcinoma by Feulgen static cytometry. One patient with low-grade
      endometrial and ovarian carcinoma manifested diploid indices at both sites.
      Another patient demonstrated aneuploid ovarian carcinoma and diploid endometrial
      carcinoma, indicating that these were separate neoplasms. The remaining four
      patients with Stage III disease had aneuploid endometrial and ovarian carcinomas
      with identical DNA indices. These data support a single neoplastic process with
      metastasis in the latter four patients. There was good correlation with the
      clinicopathologic impression on the likelihood of synchronous primaries versus
      metastatic neoplasms. It was concluded that DNA analysis is a useful adjunct in
      assessing the probability that spatially separate neoplasms represent metastasis.

PMID- 3365673
TI  - A nationwide study of breast disease.
AB  - Records of histopathology from the 3734 Jewish women having breast biopsy and/or
      operations in all Israeli hospitals during the year from July 1979 to June 1980
      were reviewed. Approximately 28.5% of these women were diagnosed as having breast
      cancer and 71.5% as having benign breast disease: 48.5% had benign proliferative
      mastopathy (BPM), 16.6% had fibroadenoma (FA) without coexistent BPM, and 6.4%
      had other benign breast conditions. The age-specific incidence rate was 66 in
      100,000 for breast cancer and 165.2 in 100,000 for benign breast disease. Native
      European or American women and native Israeli women had significantly higher age
      standardized incidence rates of both breast cancer and BPM, but not of FA, as
      compared to African/Asian-born women (P less than 0.01). Age-related ratios
      between invasive to precursor breast lesions were similar in all ethnic groups.
      The data suggest that breast cancer and benign proliferative mastopathy may have
      a common etiologic component.

PMID- 3365674
TI  - Follow-up of patients with colonic polyps containing severe atypia and invasive
      carcinoma. Compliance, recurrence, and survival.
AB  - Between January 1975 and December 1984 1769 polyps were endoscopically removed
      from 1219 patients. Eight percent of these patients had polyps containing severe
      atypia and 5.0% had polyps containing invasive cancer. A close postoperative
      surveillance program was followed by only a few patients, but compliance improved
      with longer follow-up intervals. Metachronous polyps were observed with similar
      frequency in patients with benign polyps (34.8%) and those with polyps containing
      severe atypia (23.8%) or cancer (41.7%). Patients in whom malignant polyps were
      endoscopically removed had a 5-year survival rate of 84.3% that did not differ
      from that of patients' whose polyps contained severe atypia (79.0%). It was
      concluded that endoscopic removal of malignant polyps with favorable histologic
      conditions does not impair survival. The follow-up program of these patients
      should be adapted to that of patients with benign polyps, a procedure that may
      even improve patient compliance.

PMID- 3365675
TI  - Isolated peripheral lymph node recurrence of endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - The natural history of endometrial carcinoma recurring first in an inguinal,
      axillary, or supraclavicular node as an isolated site is not well documented.
      Twenty-two patients with such a recurrence were examined between January 1963 and
      December 1986 at our institution. This event is associated with a higher initial
      surgical stage and tumor grade. Supraclavicular and inguinal recurrences occur
      with equal frequency. Axillary recurrences are rare. Overall, 15 patients
      achieved local control of the nodal recurrence, including all seven patients
      treated by excision and aggressive local irradiation. Of the seven patients with
      uncontrolled local disease, four experienced significant local morbidity. Initial
      supraclavicular recurrence seems to be associated with subsequent systemic
      progression, whereas initial inguinal recurrence seems to be associated with
      subsequent abdominal progression. Although the median survival after isolated
      peripheral lymph node recurrence is only 19 months, six patients are alive
      without evidence of cancer at a median follow-up of 27 months. Although an
      effective systemic adjuvant treatment for these patients is needed, aggressive
      local treatment after thorough restaging can provide long-term, disease-free
      survival.

PMID- 3365676
TI  - Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by metastases from germ cell tumors of
      the testis.
AB  - Six cases of metastatic germ cell tumors of the testis involving the
      gastrointestinal (GI) tract are reported. Three cases were primary seminomas, and
      three were nonseminomatous. All six cases involved the upper GI tract, three
      occurring at presentation and three at relapse, with a disease-free interval of 3
      months to 10 years. Isolated GI involvement did not occur. The presumed mode of
      spread was by haematogenous dissemination in three and direct extension from
      paraaortic lymph nodes in three. Symptoms suggestive of involvement were severe
      abdominal pain secondary to high intestinal obstruction or mucosal ulceration,
      severe lumbar pain, and symptoms of anemia as a result of clinically evident or
      occult blood loss. Four patients were now disease-free after chemotherapy, one
      died of an unrelated illness, and one patient was receiving treatment for
      relapsing disease.

PMID- 3365677
TI  - Second-look laparotomy in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Prognostic factors
      associated with survival duration.
AB  - This article that reports on 70 consecutive patients is one of only a few studies
      of advanced ovarian cancer that have attempted to define predictive factors
      associated with survival duration after second-look laparotomy. As in many other
      investigations, several factors have been analyzed for predicting second-look
      outcome. The prognostic variables analyzed in this study included age, stage,
      histologic grade, residual disease status after initial surgery, and type
      (cisplatin versus no cisplatin) and number of cycles of chemotherapy. Only stage
      (P = 0.002) and optimal disease (less than 2 cm residual tumor size) after
      initial surgery (P less than 0.001) were significantly associated with the
      absence of disease at second-look laparotomy, and both were significant
      predictors of second-look outcome in a multivariate logistic regression model.
      Their impact on actuarial survival after second-look laparotomy diminished,
      however. Actuarial survival after second-look laparotomy was associated with
      residual tumor size at second-look surgery (P = 0.02). According to second-look
      findings, the 3-year actuarial survival rates and standard errors were as
      follows: no pathologic evidence of disease, 80.7% +/- 13.4% 3-year survival;
      microscopic disease plus less than or equal to 2 cm residual disease, 49.1% +/-
      13.1% survival; and gross residual disease (i.e., greater than 2 cm maximum tumor
      diameter), 29.5% +/- 11.4% survival. We also examined the effect of extensive
      tumor resection at second-look laparotomy on survival for patients with greater
      than 2 cm gross residual disease. Optimum resection (less than 2 cm residual
      tumor mass) resulted in significantly greater survival than suboptimum resection
      (P less than 0.001). This strongly suggests that there is a survival advantage
      associated with optimum resection at second-look laparotomy.

PMID- 3365679
TI  - Patterns of invasive melanoma in the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Is the long-term
      increase real?
AB  - The decades-long increase in incidence rates for melanoma has been ascribed to
      artifactual changes in case ascertainment rather than to true changes in disease
      risk. In this study, population-based incidence data for invasive cutaneous
      malignant melanoma from the Connecticut Tumor Registry were categorized into
      seven age groups and four time periods to examine the pattern of change over four
      decades. Analyses of age, period, and cohort variables focused on the curvature
      components, which are estimable functions. Statistical modeling demonstrated the
      following: (1) incidence rates have increased by birth cohort in both sexes with
      no requirement for a period variable, regardless of whether data are examined by
      10-year, 5-year, or 1-year intervals of diagnosis; (2) this pattern in incidence
      rates differed from the patterns of change in the two indices of case
      ascertainment, the proportion of cases confirmed microscopically and the
      proportion of cases in localized stage, both of which exhibited changes by period
      of diagnosis rather than by birth cohort; and (3) adjustment for these two
      indices caused a downward bend in the cohort curve for females but not for males.
      The results suggested that much of the observed increase for this tumor was real.

PMID- 3365678
TI  - Dietary habits and past medical history as related to fatal pancreas cancer risk
      among Adventists.
AB  - Epidemiologic studies of diet and pancreas cancer are few, and include ecologic
      comparisons and a limited number of prospective and case-control studies. Foods
      and/or nutrients that have been suggested to be associated with increased risk of
      this cancer include total fat intake, eggs, animal protein, sugar, meat, coffee
      and butter. Consumption of raw fruits and vegetables has been consistently
      associated with decreased risk. Dietary habits and medical history variables were
      evaluated in a prospective study of fatal pancreas cancer among 34,000 California
      Seventh-day Adventists between 1976 and 1983. Forty deaths from pancreas cancer
      occurred during the follow-up period. Compared to all US whites, Adventists
      experienced decreased risk from pancreas cancer death (standardized mortality
      ratio [SMR] = 72 for men; 90 for women), which was not statistically significant.
      Although there was a suggestive relationship between increasing meat, egg, and
      coffee consumption and increased pancreatic cancer risk, these variables were not
      significantly related to risk after controlling for cigarette smoking. However,
      increasing consumption of vegetarian protein products, beans, lentils, and peas
      as well as dried fruit was associated with highly significant protective
      relationships to pancreas cancer risk. A prior history of diabetes was associated
      with increased risk of subsequent fatal pancreas cancer, as was a history of
      surgery for peptic or duodenal ulcer. A history of tonsillectomy was associated
      with a slight, nonsignificant protective relationship as was history of various
      allergic reactions. These findings suggest that the protective relationships
      associated with frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits high in protease
      inhibitor content are more important than any increase in pancreas cancer risk
      attendant on frequent consumption of meat or other animal products. Furthermore,
      the previously reported positive associations between diabetes and abdominal
      surgery and pancreas cancer risk are supported in these data.

PMID- 3365680
TI  - Bilateral retinoblastoma associated with 13q-mosaicism. Possible manifestation of
      a germinal mutation.
AB  - Fifteen retinoblastoma patients were studied cytogenetically using G- and R
      banding techniques. One patient showed 13q-mosaicism. It is suggested that a
      postzygotic deficiency in mosaic cases and in tumoral cells may be secondary to
      germinal mutation.

PMID- 3365682
TI  - A single chromosome rearrangement in one carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

PMID- 3365681
TI  - Effect of betel chewing on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in
      pregnant women and women using oral contraceptives.
AB  - The incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was investigated in the
      lymphocyte chromosomes of betel chewing and non-chewing normal women, pregnant
      women, and women using oral contraceptives. The frequency of SCE was found to be
      7.82 +/- 0.24 and 8.27 +/- 0.27 in non-chewing pregnant women and women using
      oral contraceptives respectively, which were significantly higher than the mean
      value of 5.21 +/- 0.18 observed in non-chewing normal women. Betel chewing
      induced higher SCE in pregnant women and women using oral contraceptives, the
      frequencies being 11.79 +/- 0.38 and 12.51 +/- 0.44, respectively, which were
      significantly higher than the SCE frequency of 6.28 +/- 0.21 found in normal
      betel chewing females.

PMID- 3365683
TI  - A simple protocol for successful bone marrow chromosome studies dispatched over
      great distances.

PMID- 3365684
TI  - t(6;7)(q23;p22) as the sole chromosomal anomaly in a vocal cord carcinoma.

PMID- 3365685
TI  - Two additional cases of inv(12) in human malignancies.

PMID- 3365686
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of an antigen associated with early stages
      of melanoma tumor progression.
AB  - The melanoma-associated antigen ME491 is expressed strongly during the early
      stages of tumor progression. The ME491 gene was molecularly cloned by means of
      DNA-mediated gene transfer followed by screening a lambda genomic library with
      human repetitive Alu sequences as a probe. The cloned DNA, after transfection
      into mouse L-cells, generated a protein with characteristics that were
      indistinguishable in Western blot analysis from the ME491 antigen expressed by
      human melanoma cells. Repeat-free subfragments of the cloned DNA were used for
      further studies. By Northern blot analysis, the subfragments detected a single
      1.2-kilobase mRNA in the transformants and various human melanoma cell lines.
      ME491 complementary DNA clones were then obtained by probing a melanoma
      complementary DNA library with the genomic subfragments. Nucleotide sequence
      analysis of the cloned complementary DNA indicated that the ME491 antigen
      consists of 237 amino acids (Mr 25,475) with four transmembrane regions and three
      putative N-glycosylation sites. No significant structural homology was observed
      with other proteins thus far reported. We observed that the amounts of mRNA
      varied greatly with different melanoma cell lines. Southern blot analysis
      revealed no amplification or rearrangement of the ME491 gene in the human
      melanoma cell lines tested, including both high and low expressors of this
      antigen. The ME491 gene has been mapped to chromosome region 12p12----12q13 by
      somatic cell hybrid analysis and more narrowly localized to 12q12----12q14 by in
      situ hybridization.

PMID- 3365687
TI  - Characterization of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase from cyclophosphamide
      resistant L1210 cells.
AB  - The cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme from cyclophosphamide (CPA)
      resistant L1210 cells (L1210/CPA) was purified to apparent homogeneity using
      ternary enzyme complex-dye ligand chromatography. The purified isozyme migrates
      as a single band at Mr 51,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and as a single charge species at isoelectric point = 5.8 in
      isoelectric focusing. Micromolar Km values were estimated with both
      propionaldehyde (Km = 5 microM) and 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide (4-OH CPA) (Km = 4
      microM) as substrates, indicating that this isozyme is capable of oxidizing the
      activated cyclophosphamide intermediate 4-hydroxy CPA/aldophosphamide to
      carboxyphosphamide. This isozyme is also potently inhibited by disulfiram (Ki = 6
      microM) and 4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde (Ki = 0.04 microM). Both of these
      inhibitors are capable of sensitizing L1210/CPA cells to activated CPA in
      clonogenic survival assays. Thus, the increased levels of only the cytosolic ALDH
      isoform in L1210/CPA cells appear to be the single phenotypic difference
      necessary for conferring resistance to CPA. Monospecific antibodies to the
      L1210/CPA isozyme have been used in Western blot analysis to detect nanogram
      levels of ALDH in cell and tissue extracts. These antibodies cross-react with the
      cytosolic isozyme in P388/CPA cells, mouse liver, mouse small intestine, and the
      1C1C7 hepatoma cell line, whereas no ALDH is detected in sensitive L1210 or P388
      cells. Also, these antibodies show little cross-reactivity with the mitochondrial
      isozyme from mouse liver or 1C1C7 cells. From immunological and inhibitor
      characterization, the soluble ALDH isozyme in L1210/CPA cells appears identical
      to the normal mouse tissue isozyme.

PMID- 3365688
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of m-[131I]- and m-[125I]iodobenzylguanidine on the human
      neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-SH and SK-N-LO.
AB  - As we have reported recently, the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH is able
      to take up and store m-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG). This is in contrast to several
      other neuroblastoma cell lines, among which are SK-N-LO cells. Both cell lines
      were used in cell killing experiments with unlabeled and radioactive-labeled
      mIBG. Using 1-200 microCi m-[131I]IBG (1 h incubation time), only SK-N-SH cells
      could to a large extent be destroyed in a dose-dependent manner. This effect is
      completely caused by the radioactive labeling of the molecule, because unlabeled
      mIBG proved not to be toxic in the concentration range used in experiments with
      radiolabeled mIBG (30 nM-3 microM). The killing effect was strongly reduced when
      m-[131I]IBG with low specific activity (0.2-0.3 mCi/mg) was used instead of 20-30
      mCi/mg. Similar effects in both cell lines were obtained using m-[131I]-and m
      [125I]IBG. SK-N-SH cells that survived a first treatment with m-[131I]IBG were
      less sensitive to a second treatment. SK-N-LO cells were more sensitive against m
      [131I]- and m-[125I]IBG than SK-N-SH cells if both cell lines are exposed to
      these radioactive compounds over a long period of time (24 h). The reason that
      only SK-N-SH cells could be destroyed in short-term incubation experiments is
      that mIBG is stored for approximately 7 days in these cells only. SK-N-LO cells
      could only be destroyed to a significant degree if m-[131I]IBG was permanently
      present in the test system. Bone marrow stem cells (CFU-c) also proved to be
      sensitive against m-[131I]IBG, although the effects were less pronounced than on
      SK-N-SH cells.

PMID- 3365689
TI  - Variants of phosphohexose isomerase in gastrointestinal and mammary carcinoma:
      isoelectric focusing patterns of normal and tumor tissues derived from surgical
      specimens of the same patient.
AB  - The occurrence of charge variants of phosphohexose isomerase was elucidated in
      cancerous and, for comparison, in noncancerous tissues obtained from the same
      organ. Surgical specimens from 35 patients with gastrointestinal and mammary
      carcinoma were studied by means of the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique.
      Differences in the IEF pattern could be demonstrated in 90% of the patients with
      gastric cancer. Corresponding values for the patients with colorectal and mammary
      carcinoma were 50 and 73%, respectively. Almost all normal specimens proved to be
      monomorphic, revealing only the major basic band with a pI of 9.1. In most of the
      tumors, additional bands of pI 8.9 and 8.6 were found. This "typical" IEF pattern
      in tumor tissues was observed in 60% of gastric and 73% of mammary tumors, but in
      only 36% of colorectal tumors. The results obtained suggest that the IEF pattern
      of phosphohexose isomerase in tumor tissue might be a useful tool for tumor
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3365690
TI  - Increase in radioresponse of murine tumors by treatment with indomethacin.
AB  - Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, was investigated for
      its ability to increase radioresponse of two fibrosarcomas, FSA and NFSA, in
      C3Hf/Kam mice. In addition, the effect of indomethacin on radioresponse of
      hematopoietic tissue, jejunum, hair follicles, and tissues involved in the
      development of radiation-induced leg contractures was determined. Indomethacin
      greatly increased radioresponse of 8-mm tumors, as assessed by both tumor growth
      delay and TCD50 assays. Enhancement factors for tumor growth delay and tumor
      radiocurability (TCD50) were 1.55 and 1.39, respectively, for FSA, and 1.4 and
      1.26, respectively, for NFSA tumors. Of four normal tissues assessed, two (hair
      follicles and tissues responsible for development of leg contractures) showed no
      change in radioresponse after treatment with indomethacin, one (hematopoietic
      tissue) exhibited radioprotection, and one (jejunum) exhibited slight
      radiosensitization (enhancement factor, 1.12). Therefore, indomethacin
      significantly augmented tumor radiocurability but had minimal effect on
      radioresponse of some normal tissues.

PMID- 3365691
TI  - Differential repair of platinum-DNA adducts in human bladder and testicular tumor
      continuous cell lines.
AB  - The formation and removal of four platinum-DNA adducts were immunochemically
      quantitated in cultured cells derived from a human bladder carcinoma cell line
      (RT112) and from two lines derived from germ cell tumors of the testis (833K and
      SUSA), following exposure in vitro to 16.7 microM (5 micrograms/ml) cisplatin.
      RT112 cells were least sensitive to the drug and were proficient in the repair of
      all four adducts, whereas SUSA cells, which were 5-fold more sensitive, were
      deficient in the repair of DNA-DNA intrastrand cross-links in the sequences pApG
      and pGpG. Despite expressing a similar sensitivity to SUSA cells, 833K cells were
      proficient in the repair of all four adducts, although less so than the RT112
      bladder tumor cells. In addition, SUSA cells were unable to repair DNA-DNA
      interstrand cross-links whereas 50-85% of these lesions were removed in RT112 and
      833K cells 24 h following drug exposure. It is possible that the inability of
      SuSa cells to repair platinated DNA may account for their hypersensitivity to
      cisplatin.

PMID- 3365692
TI  - Possible link between the intrinsic drug resistance of colon tumors and a
      detoxification mechanism of intestinal cells.
AB  - The insensitivity of colon tumors to various anticancer agents was studied in
      vitro. The activity of Adriamycin (ADR) in several colon tumor cell lines was
      potentiated by the calcium channel blocker verapamil (VER). In the HCT-8 human
      colon adenocarcinoma cell line, VER potentiation of the activities of ADR and the
      anthrapyrazole CI-937 appeared to be related to its ability to enhance the net
      accumulation of both drugs and inhibit their efflux. VER, which potentiated ADR
      activity in HCT-8 cells by 4-fold, caused a 3.5-fold stimulation of ADR
      accumulation and 3.5-fold inhibition of ADR efflux, when compared to non-VER
      treated cells. The low level of VER potentiation of CI-937 activity in HCT-8
      cells (1.4-fold) was also reflected in CI-937 transport studies which
      demonstrated a 1.5-fold enhancement of CI-937 accumulation and a 1.4-fold
      inhibition of its efflux. VER was also found to stimulate ADR activity and
      accumulation in a normal small intestinal crypt cell line (IEC-6). The mechanism
      of drug efflux was examined in HCT-8 cells. Agents known to increase the
      permeability of the plasma membrane did not alter ADR accumulation or its efflux
      in HCT-8 cells unless these same agents were also capable of interacting with the
      lysosome. Tween 80 and the lysosomotropic detergent Triton WR-1339 as well as
      proton ionophores and lysosomotropic amines all stimulated ADR uptake and/or
      inhibited its efflux from HCT-8 cells. ADR efflux was also partially blocked by
      cytochalasin B. Based on these observations, we suggest that at least part of the
      inherent drug resistance of colon tumor cells results from the retention of an
      enhanced drug efflux mechanism which is found in normal intestinal epithelium
      where this property may provide protection from plant alkaloids and other
      xenobiotic agents ingested in the diet. The mechanism of this drug efflux from
      HCT-8 cells may involve drug partitioning into acidic vesicles within the cell
      and their subsequent release from these cells by exocytosis.

PMID- 3365693
TI  - Effects of ammonium acetate and sodium cholate on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine-induced colon carcinogenesis of rats.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine the effects of ammonium acetate alone or in
      combination with sodium cholate upon N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
      induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Ammonia, acetate, and deconjugated bile
      acids are produced by microbial enzymes in the gastrointestinal lumen. One
      hundred twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 196 +/- 2 g at 8 wk of age,
      were given four intrarectal doses of MNNG (2 mg/dose) over 2 wk. They were then
      randomly assigned among four treatment groups, each containing 30 rats. The
      groups were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design and given intrarectal infusions
      of the agents under study in 0.3 ml of double-distilled water 3 times weekly for
      52 wk beginning 4 wk after the initial MNNG treatment. The experimental
      treatments were: double-distilled water as control; ammonium acetate (24.8 mg of
      ammonia); sodium cholate (2 mg of cholic acid); and a combination of ammonium
      acetate and sodium cholate. Ammonium acetate treatment increased the number of
      rats with fecal blood 4-fold after 56 wk, and this was associated with a higher
      incidence of adenocarcinomas with a polypoid morphology. The incidence and total
      number of carcinomas in situ (high grade dysplasia) increased with ammonium
      acetate treatment. Ammonium acetate increased the total number of
      adenocarcinomas. Sodium cholate had no significant main effects on the incidence
      or morphology of colon lesions. The data support the conclusion that ammonium
      acetate treatment acted as a promoting agent in MNNG-induced colon
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3365694
TI  - Differential expression of the cytochrome P-450c and P-450d genes in the rat
      ventral prostate and liver.
AB  - Complementary DNA clones specific for cytochromes P-450c and P-450d were used to
      study the expression of corresponding mRNAs in the rat ventral prostate.
      Following treatment with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), an increase in total cellular
      levels of cytochrome P-450c mRNA was observed in this tissue. The induction
      kinetics were similar in both rat liver and prostate with regard to the
      expression of the cytochrome P-450c gene. The mRNA levels reached a maximum at 16
      h and decreased to control levels at about 48 h. In contrast, mRNA specific for
      cytochrome P-450d was detectable only in the liver following BNF treatment
      (maximum at 24 h). The tissue-specific expression of cytochromes P-450c and P
      450d was further investigated using measurements of nuclear transcription in
      vitro. RNA transcripts specific for cytochrome P-450c were detected in nuclei
      from both liver and prostate following BNF induction. The rate of cytochrome P
      450c transcription was maximal at 4 h and 8-12 h in the liver and prostate,
      respectively. In the liver, induction by BNF of the rate of transcription of the
      cytochrome P-450d gene occurred at a slightly later time point as compared to
      cytochrome P-450c gene expression. No elongation of RNA specific for cytochrome P
      450d could be detected in nuclei from the ventral prostate indicating a
      transcriptional control of cytochrome P-450d gene expression in this tissue.

PMID- 3365695
TI  - Effect of methyl methanesulfonate on type 5 adenovirus DNA integration and the
      phenotypic properties of cold-sensitive type 5 adenovirus-transformed cloned rat
      embryo fibroblast cells.
AB  - Pretreatment of a cloned rat embryo fibroblast cell line (CREF) with methyl
      methanesulfonate (MMS) prior to infection with a specific cold-sensitive type 5
      adenovirus mutant, H5hr1, results in a unique carcinogen enhancement of
      transformation phenotype. MMS induces a dose-dependent increase in the absolute
      number of transformed foci in comparison with solvent-treated controls as well as
      an increase in transformation frequency when normalized for carcinogen-induced
      cell toxicity. To determine if the carcinogen enhancement of transformation
      phenotype was a consequence of the carcinogen altering the pattern of type 5
      adenovirus (Ad5) DNA integration into the genome of CREF cells and/or if
      carcinogen treatment modified the phenotype of established H5hr1-transformed CREF
      cells, we have analyzed a series of single cell-derived H5hr1-transformed CREF
      cultures which were isolated from cultures pretreated with carcinogen-solvent or
      MMS prior to infection with H5hr1. Analysis of viral DNA integration by DNA
      filter-transfer hybridization (Southern blotting) indicated that MMS pretreatment
      did not increase the copy number of Ad5 DNA sequences which persisted in H5hr1
      transformed clones or result in transformants which contained identical DNA
      restriction enzyme cleavage patterns. MMS-pretreated H5hr1-transformed clones
      also did not differ significantly from solvent-pretreated H5hr1-transformed
      clones in their ability to grow in agar, bind 125I-epidermal growth factor, or
      form tumors in athymic nude mice. MMS-pretreated H5hr1-transformed CREF clones
      retained a similar cold-sensitive negative regulation in the expression of the
      transformed cell phenotype as did H5hr1-transformed clones not exposed to
      carcinogens. These findings suggest that the unique carcinogen enhancement of
      transformation phenotype displayed by CREF cells pretreated with MMS prior to
      infection with H5hr1 does not result in transformants which either contain
      increased concentrations of Ad5 DNA or similar patterns of Ad5 DNA integration.
      Furthermore, carcinogen-pretreated H5hr1 transformants did not display novel
      phenotypes not expressed by cloned H5hr1-transformed CREF cell lines exposed to
      solvent prior to viral infection.

PMID- 3365696
TI  - Characterization of the pools of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolates and
      tetrahydrofolates in xenografts of human colon adenocarcinoma.
AB  - The method for measuring polyglutamate forms of CH2-H4PteGlu and H4PteGlu, by
      entrapment in ternary complexes with [6-3H]5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate and
      Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthase has been characterized. Results
      demonstrated that (a) the relationship between concentration of CH2-H4PteGlu and
      complex isolated on nondenaturing gels was dependent upon the number of glutamyl
      residues, and an alternative method for data analysis has been presented, (b) the
      relationship was linear over a 100-fold change in concentration, (c) formation of
      isolatable complex was time dependent, (d) noncovalent complexes formed with
      PteGlu2-5 could be isolated only at concentrations considerably higher than those
      required for CH2-H4PteGlu1-6, and (e) endogenous deoxyuridylate would be unlikely
      to interfere significantly with the assay. The distribution of polyglutamates of
      CH2-H4PteGlu and the combined pools of CH2-H4PteGlu plus H4PteGlu were
      subsequently examined in three human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts. In each
      tumor, the pentaglutamate of CH2-H4PteGlu and H4PteGlu was the most prominent
      species, followed by the hexaglutamate, constituting 68 to 92% of the CH2
      H4PteGlu pool, and greater than 93% of the combined pools. A small percentage of
      di-, tri-, and tetraglutamates were also detected. Using a catalytic assay, the
      combined pool of CH2-H4PteGlu and H4PteGlu was estimated in the range of 0.5 to
      2.7 microM in cell water, and for CH2-H4PteGlu, from 185 nM to 1.7 microM. Using
      thymidylate synthase purified from colon adenocarcinoma HxVRC5, CH2-H4PteGlu5
      (where the subscript digit attached to the glutamate portion equals the number of
      glutamate residues) stabilized the covalent ternary complex at greater than 200
      fold lower concentration in comparison to CH2-H4PteGlu1. Data indicated that in
      each colon tumor, the concentrations of CH2-H4PteGlun or CH2-H4PteGlun plus
      H4PteGlun were suboptimal for the interaction of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate with
      thymidylate synthase, and would predict for relatively transient inhibition of
      thymidylate synthase after treatment with 5-fluorouracil. These data support
      therapeutic modulation to increase the concentration of CH2-H4PteGlun in the
      treatment of colon adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 3365697
TI  - Estrous cycle modification of rat mammary gland DNA alkylation by N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea.
AB  - Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats exhibiting regular estrous cycles were used as a model
      system to determine whether the level of circulating estrogen modifies the
      alkylation pattern of mammary gland DNA by a direct-acting carcinogen, N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (NMU). The concentration of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine were
      similar in mammary epithelial DNA 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 h after i.v. injection of
      50 mg/kg body weight NMU on different days of the rat estrous cycle. However, O6
      methylguanine was significantly higher in mammary gland DNA 8 and 24 h after a
      single i.v. dose of carcinogen on proestrus or estrus, compared to rats receiving
      carcinogen on diestrus. There was no difference in the 7-methylguanine levels at
      8 h in any group, but this adduct was higher in estrous-treated rats at 24 h. The
      ratio of O6-methylguanine to 7-methylguanine was significantly lower at 8 h in
      mammary gland DNA from diestrous-injected rats, and this difference reflected the
      lower level of O6-methylguanine adducts in this group. In contrast, O6
      methylguanine concentrations in DNA extracted from the liver of the same animals
      were virtually identical at all time periods examined. 7-Methylguanine levels
      were higher in the liver at 0.5, 1, 8, and 24 h post-NMU in proestrus as compared
      with diestrous-injected rats. The observed adduct clearance suggests that rat
      mammary epithelium may contain repair systems capable of removing O6
      methylguanine. These results also suggest that the initial removal of the O6
      methylguanine lesions in mammary epithelial DNA (rather than the initial rate of
      alkylation) is affected by the hormonal environment during carcinogen exposure.
      This effect may be tissue specific since removal of O6-methylguanine from liver
      DNA is apparently not altered by the stage of the estrous cycle at which NMU is
      administered.

PMID- 3365698
TI  - Antitumor activity against human tumor samples of cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and analogues at equivalent in vitro myelotoxic
      concentrations.
AB  - We compared the antitumor activity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
      (cisplatin; CDDP) with three CDDP analogues: cis-diammine-1,1
      cyclobutanedicarboxylateplatinum(II) (CBDCA), N-methyliminodiacetato-1,2
      diamino(cyclohexane)platinum(II) (MIDP), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-iminodiacetato
      1,2-diamino(cyclohexane)platinum (II) (HIDP). Fresh human tumor samples in the
      adhesive tumor culture system were utilized for this comparison. The equitoxic
      concentrations of all four drugs were derived based on their inhibitory activity
      against human bone marrow samples. For these normalized concentrations, CDDP
      proved to have a higher cytotoxic activity than its analogues. CBDCA's in vitro
      activity had a significant correlation with CDDP activity (r = 0.67) in vitro.
      However, the structurally similar substances MIDP and HIDP demonstrated a much
      greater degree of association (r = 0.90). Our data suggest that CBDCA, HIDP, and
      MIDP have overall less activity than CDDP when tested at equitoxic in vitro
      concentrations. Close association between CDDP and CBDCA also reflects known
      clinical experience with these two drugs, suggesting the method of comparison
      used here is probably appropriate. These conclusions, however, must be validated
      by clinical trials.

PMID- 3365699
TI  - Tumor spread and DNA content in human renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Local and distant tumor spread was evaluated and compared with DNA content
      analyzed by flow cytometry of eight samples from each of 71 renal cell
      carcinomas. Twenty-six tumors were homogenously diploid while 45 tumors contained
      at least one aneuploid tumor sample. Diploid tumors generally respected the
      surrounding tissues and only three of 26 tumors (12%) had evidence of local tumor
      invasion. In contrast, 33 of 45 patients (73%) with aneuploid tumors had local
      invasion (p less than 0.001). Local metastases in lymph nodes and adrenal was
      found only in patients with aneuploid tumors. However, distant metastases
      appeared in about the same frequency in patients with diploid and aneuploid
      tumors (35 and 29%, respectively). Patients with diploid tumors had significantly
      more often solitary metastases and, most interestingly, the occurrence of lung
      metastases was a characteristic feature for patients with aneuploid tumors (p
      less than 0.02). The diploid primary tumors with distant metastases generally
      were devoid of local invasion while all aneuploid tumors with distant metastases
      had local invasion and mostly also local metastases. Thus, different
      characteristics of tumor spread were shown for diploid and aneuploid tumors and
      the pathways for spread with distant metastases might also differ between these
      tumors.

PMID- 3365700
TI  - Purification of the Mr 22,000 calcium-binding protein (sorcin) associated with
      multidrug resistance and its detection with monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A low molecular weight cytoplasmic protein (Mr 19,000-22,000) has been reported
      to be overexpressed in some multidrug-resistant cells. We have found that a
      cytoplasmic protein with a molecular weight of 22,000 is highly expressed in the
      human myelogenous leukemia K562 cells resistant to Adriamycin (K562/ADM). The Mr
      22,000 protein was shown to be one of the major calcium-binding proteins in the
      cytoplasmic extract from K562/ADM cells. The protein was purified to apparent
      homogeneity from K562/ADM cells using a four-step procedure including ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. 1.5 mg
      of the Mr 22,000 protein was purified from 3.0 x 10(9) of K562/ADM cells. The
      protein was acidic (pI 5.3) and exists as a homodimer (Mr 44,000) as revealed by
      gel filtration and sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. The purified protein
      appeared as a single band (Mr 22,000) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in the presence or absence of reducing agents, suggesting
      that the homodimer was generated by noncovalent linkage. Monoclonal antibodies
      specific to the Mr 22,000 protein were raised by in vitro immunization with
      purified protein or by in vivo immunization with the crude membrane fraction of
      K562/ADM. These antibodies were used as probes for the detection of the protein.
      We have surveyed the expression of the Mr 22,000 protein in various multidrug
      resistant and -sensitive cell lines, and found that the overexpression of the
      protein is not a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the acquisition of the
      multidrug-resistant phenotype.

PMID- 3365701
TI  - Chromosomal organization of amplified genes in multidrug-resistant Chinese
      hamster cells.
AB  - Six independently derived multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster cell lines selected
      with vincristine, daunorubicin, actinomycin D, or colchicine were probed by in
      situ hybridization techniques with the cloned cDNA, p5L-18, to chromosomally
      localize known or presumed amplified P-glycoprotein genes. One or two clusters of
      amplified genes were demonstrable in all of the highly resistant sublines and
      were localized to homogeneously staining regions and/or abnormally banding
      regions, gene amplification-associated cytogenetic abnormalities, on eight
      different chromosomes. Analysis of trypsin-Giemsa banded karyotypes revealed
      additional, multiple chromosomal rearrangements that were apparently nonspecific.
      Mapping studies localized the native P-glycoprotein gene(s) to the region q23 to
      31 (most probably band 26) on the long arm of chromosome 1 of normal Chinese
      hamster bone marrow fibroblasts and normal chromosome 1 homologues in resistant
      cells. Southern blot analysis of restriction endonuclease fragments indicated the
      amplification of one or both of (at least) two wild-type nonallelic genes in four
      of the lines and the presence in one line (DC-3F/DMM XX) of a unique 5.0-kilobase
      BamHI fragment resulting from a recombinational event during amplification.
      Comparison with the cytogenetic data indicated no correlation between restriction
      patterns generated by EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, or BamHI and chromosomal location of
      amplified genes. However, the only sublines in which the homogeneously staining
      region or abnormally banding region is positioned at 1q26 (at or near the site of
      the native gene) exhibit either alterations in gene structure (DC-3F/DM XX) or in
      regulation of gene expression (DC-3F/AD X), suggesting a process more complex
      than simply amplification of the gene in loco.

PMID- 3365703
TI  - Human-human hybridomas and human monoclonal antibodies obtained by fusion of
      lymph node lymphocytes from breast cancer patients.
AB  - Lymphocytes from lymph nodes obtained from breast cancer patients undergoing
      mastectomy were fused with the 0467.3, UC729HF2, or KR-12 human cell lines,
      totaling 42 fusions with lymphocytes from 23 patients. A total of 1696 human
      human hybridomas were generated, 675 (39.8%) of which produced human IgG and/or
      IgM. Seventy-three human hybridomas produced antibodies binding to autologous
      malignant breast tissue and/or MCF-7 cells, as assayed by immunohistology or by
      cell-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twelve of these hybridomas, all
      reacting with malignant breast tissue, were subcloned to stabilize the production
      of human immunoglobulin. The reaction patterns of these 12 human monoclonal
      antibodies were investigated further by immunohistology on formalin-fixed,
      paraffin-embedded tissues. The reaction patterns of the various antibodies showed
      substantial variation and the antibodies reacted with a varying frequency with
      antigens expressed by different malignant breast tumors. One of these antibodies,
      MAC 40/43 (IgM), reacted with malignant breast and colon carcinomas and other
      epithelial derived neoplasms but did not react with normal breast tissue or with
      other normal and malignant tissues tested, except for a weak reaction with
      certain normal epithelial tissues. The antigen defined by MAC 40/43 was
      identified as a Mr approximately equal to 47,000 glycoprotein.

PMID- 3365702
TI  - Binding and endocytosis of a monoclonal antibody to a high molecular weight human
      milk fat globule membrane-associated antigen by cultured MCF-7 breast carcinoma
      cells.
AB  - The aim of this study was to analyze whether a monoclonal antibody to human milk
      fat globule membrane-associated antigens, recognized specifically and
      homogeneously by human breast carcinoma cells but also by normal epithelial cells
      active in secretion, could be used to restrict the access of antitumoral drugs to
      cells exposing the epitope. The drug-antibody conjugate to be used is constructed
      by means of a covalent peptidic linkage stable in extracellular medium but
      hydrolyzed by lysomal enzymes after endocytosis of the drug-carrier conjugate.
      This monoclonal antibody specifically immunoprecipitates radioactive material
      from MCF-7 cells biosynthetically radiolabeled with galactose, glucosamine,
      palmitic acid, or acetic acid but not with mannose, leucine, or methionine. Upon
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and
      dithiothreitol, the label migrates as two bands with apparent molecular weights
      of about 350,000 and 400,000. These bands disappear, or their molecular weight is
      affected, after treatment of the cells with cycloheximide or of cell lysates with
      trypsin, Pronase, or neuraminidase but not treatment of the immunoprecipitate
      with endoglycosidase F. This suggests that these antigens are glycoproteins with
      O-linked oligosaccharides containing sialic acid in the epitope. By analogy, they
      should be similar, if not identical, to those recognized by the monoclonal
      antibodies designated HMFG1 (H. Burchell, H. Durbin, and J. Taylor-Papadimitriou,
      J. Immunol., 131:508-513, 1983) and DF3 (H. Sekine, T. Ohno, and D.W. Kufe, J.
      Immunol., 135:3610-3615, 1985). Binding at 4 degrees C of the 3H-labeled antibody
      by MCF-7 cells indicates the specific attachment of about 1.2 X 10(6) IgG
      molecules per cells with a Kd of about 14 nM. At 37 degrees C, cells take up the
      3H-labeled antibody in amounts much higher than the binding capacity. In addition
      to cell-associated material, labeled digestion products are released into the
      culture medium. Cell fractionation by differential centrifugation and isopycnic
      equilibration on sucrose gradient indicates that the bulk of cell-associated
      antibody is distributed like the marker enzyme of lysosomes. Although the total
      uptake of the antibody by the cells is unaffected by either 50 microM chloroquine
      or 3 micrograms/ml cycloheximide, the release of digestion products is completely
      inhibited by chloroquine. Antigen-antibody dissociation is pH dependent, since,
      respectively, 50 and 84% of membrane-bound antibody are released during washing
      at pH 4.6 and 4.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3365704
TI  - Correlation between reversion of a dedifferentiated rat hepatoma line and the
      recovery of tumorigenicity.
AB  - The injection into athymic nude mice of well-differentiated cells of the H4IIEC3
      rat hepatoma line leads to tumor take and growth. Animals given injections of
      cells of a "dedifferentiated" variant subclone, however, do not develop tumors,
      whereas revertant clones are malignant. Nevertheless, tumors are obtained by
      increasing the number of injected dedifferentiated cells, and the cells from
      these tumors do express liver-specific messenger RNAs. Finally, the
      differentiated state of these tumor cells is stable in vitro. This correlation
      between the differentiated state of the cells and tumorigenicity is also observed
      in somatic hybrids between the variant cells and the differentiated ancestors.
      These hybrids express the hepatic functions and give rise to tumors. The only in
      vitro character of transformation which distinguishes the two types of cells is
      anchorage independence of growth. Since two other independent variants develop
      tumors, it is established that the nonmalignant state is not simply due to the
      lack of expression of liver-specific traits. There is strong evidence that
      different mechanisms are responsible for the dedifferentiated state of the two
      classes of variants, and this supports the hypothesis that the correlation
      between the dedifferentiated state of the nonmalignant variant and its
      nontumorigenic phenotype relies on the level of regulation specifically affected
      in this clone.

PMID- 3365705
TI  - Radioimmunotherapy of human colonic cancer xenografts with 90Y labeled monoclonal
      antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or alpha
      fetoprotein (AFP) were conjugated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and
      radiolabeled with 90Y at a specific activity of 4.0-6.0 mCi/mg. Approximately 50%
      of the radiolabeled anti-CEA antibody (90Y-labeled NP-2) bound to an
      immunoadsorbent containing CEA while analysis by high performance liquid
      chromatography revealed that 95-98% of the 90Y was associated with
      immunoglobulin. Less than 5% of the 90Y dissociated from either MAb after
      incubation in plasma for 48 h at 37 degrees C. After injection into nude mice,
      98% of the circulating radioactivity remained associated with antibody and no
      loss of immunoreactivity was observed at 3 days. To evaluate 90Y-labeled NP-2 as
      a therapeutic agent, varied doses (10-100 microCi) were administered as a single
      i.v. injection into groups of nude mice bearing s.c. implants (0.3-0.4 g) of a
      CEA-producing human colonic cancer xenograft, GW-39. At the 10-microCi dose, no
      inhibition of tumor growth was observed. After 28 days, tumor growth was
      inhibited by as much as 77% in mice treated with 50 microCi of 90Y-labeled NP-2
      as compared to tumor growth in control animals given 90Y-labeled anti-AFP. Doses
      higher than 50 microCi (75 and 100 microCi) were toxic to most of the animals,
      killing them within 2-3 weeks after administration. Marked suppression of
      circulating leukocytes was observed with 20 and 50 microCi by 1-2 weeks
      postinjection, but they returned to normal levels 3-4 weeks later. These studies
      show that treatment with 90Y-labeled MAbs against CEA can produce significant
      antitumor effects. However, toxicity to the bone marrow may limit the therapeutic
      efficacy of systemically administered 90Y-labeled MAbs.

PMID- 3365706
TI  - Kinetic and morphometric responses of heterogeneous populations of experimental
      breast cancer cells in vivo.
AB  - Although the hormone responsiveness of some breast cancers is well known, the
      differential sensitivity of tumor cell subpopulations to hormonal effects is not
      well established. These experiments were designed to address this issue using the
      hormone-responsive N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumor. Rats bearing
      these tumors were randomly assigned to no treatment, 7-day castration, and 7-day
      castration followed by 1-, 3-, 7-, and 10-day treatment with estradiol benzoate
      (5 micrograms) and perphenazine (1 mg) to stimulate prolactin release. Under
      these conditions, the proportion of different cell populations was estimated with
      morphometric analysis, while their replicative activity was assessed using
      [3H]thymidine autoradiography. In tumors of intact rats the fractions of
      glandular epithelial, myoepithelial, and nonepithelial cells were 88.2%, 3.8%,
      and 8.0%, respectively. All cell types manifested a similar kinetic response to
      our hormonal treatments characterized by a drastic decline in the labeling index
      after castration followed by a progressive increase with hormone repletion which
      peaked on Day 7 of treatment. The magnitude of the response was, however, greater
      in the epithelial components of the tumor (glandular and myoepithelial cells),
      where the peak labeling indices significantly exceeded those observed in the
      tumors of control intact rats. Castration reduced the proportion of glandular
      cells while increasing the fractions of myoepithelial and nonepithelial cells.
      Furthermore, castration reduced the volume of the glandular-epithelial cells by
      35%, which accounted for approximately half of the overall tumor volume reduction
      induced by ovariectomy. These alterations in tumor morphology were partially
      reversed by hormone repletion. These results underscore the exquisite hormonal
      sensitivity of different cellular counterparts of this experimental breast cancer
      with regard to both kinetic and morphological characteristics. They also provide
      support for stromal-epithelial interaction in the hormonal modulation of breast
      cancer growth.

PMID- 3365707
TI  - Smoking and drinking in relation to oral and pharyngeal cancer.
AB  - A case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer conducted in four areas of the
      United States provided information on the tobacco and alcohol use of 1114
      patients and 1268 population-based controls. Because of the large study size, it
      could be shown that the risks of these cancers among nondrinkers increased with
      amount smoked, and conversely that the risks among nonsmokers increased with the
      level of alcohol intake. Among consumers of both products, risks of oropharyngeal
      cancer tended to combine more in a multiplicative than additive fashion and were
      increased more than 35-fold among those who consumed two or more packs of
      cigarettes and more than four alcoholic drinks/day. Cigarette, cigar, and pipe
      smoking were separately implicated, although it was shown for the first time that
      risk was not as high among male lifelong filter cigarette smokers. Cessation of
      smoking was associated with a sharply reduced risk of this cancer, with no excess
      detected among those having quit for 10 or more years, suggesting that smoking
      affects primarily a late stage in the process of oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
      The risks varied by type of alcoholic beverage, being higher among those
      consuming hard liquor or beer than wine. The relative risk patterns were
      generally similar among whites and blacks, and among males and females, and
      showed little difference when oral and pharyngeal cancers were analyzed
      separately. From calculations of attributable risk, we estimate that tobacco
      smoking and alcohol drinking combine to account for approximately three-fourths
      of all oral and pharyngeal cancers in the United States.

PMID- 3365708
TI  - [An experimental model of catheter-mediated electrical ablation applied at the
      proximal coronary sinus: histological, electrophysiological and physical
      effects].

PMID- 3365709
TI  - [Ventricular electric stimulation: its effect on the variations of arterial
      pressure over a 24-hour period].

PMID- 3365710
TI  - [Enzymatic estimation of infarct size in patients undergoing thrombolytic
      therapy].

PMID- 3365711
TI  - [Cardiovascular stimulation tests in the evaluation of autonomic neuropathy].

PMID- 3365713
TI  - Factors affecting pulmonary blood volume in mitral stenosis.

PMID- 3365712
TI  - [Myocardial damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion: role of oxygen toxicity].

PMID- 3365714
TI  - [Variability of arterial pressure measured in the physician's office and in the
      patient's home].

PMID- 3365715
TI  - [Computerized autoradiography: a new method of high spatial resolution images of
      cardiac blood flow and metabolism in the dog].

PMID- 3365716
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and angina pectoris caused by the anomalous origin of the
      right coronary artery in the left sinus of Valsalva].

PMID- 3365717
TI  - Is nursing a profession? If so are you?

PMID- 3365718
TI  - Localization of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT-A) in the rat gastric mucosa.
      Histoenzymological and immunocytochemical study at light and electron microscope
      levels.

PMID- 3365719
TI  - Cytochemical demonstration of basic proteins in rat peritoneal mast cell
      maturation.

PMID- 3365721
TI  - Atherosusceptible white carneau pigeon aorta: histochemistry and histoenzymology.

PMID- 3365720
TI  - The answer of the planarian Dugesia gonocephala neurons to nerve growth factor.

PMID- 3365722
TI  - Light and electron microscope immunocytochemical localization of cytosolic
      aspartate aminotransferase (c-AAT-A) in the cerebellar cortex of the rat during
      postnatal development.

PMID- 3365723
TI  - Distribution of beta-galactoside specific lectin activities during pre- and post-
      natal mouse brain development.

PMID- 3365724
TI  - [Purification of alkaline phosphatase in bovine kidney].

PMID- 3365725
TI  - Effects of cadmium on succinate dehydrogenase and ultrastructure of the cellular
      constituents of the rat placental labyrinth.

PMID- 3365726
TI  - [Sociological findings on the life style of the population].

PMID- 3365728
TI  - [Use of topical orotracheal anesthesia].

PMID- 3365727
TI  - [2 years' experience with combined therapy of symptomatic liver porphyria using
      pyrimethamine and chloroquine].

PMID- 3365729
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemia].

PMID- 3365730
TI  - [Determination of the porosity of urinary stones].

PMID- 3365731
TI  - [Dosage of keto-analogs of essential amino acids in patients with chronic renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3365732
TI  - [The effect of dehydration on hormone levels in graduated physical exertion].

PMID- 3365733
TI  - [New enemies revive interest in old marauders? Relation of AIDS to TB research].

PMID- 3365734
TI  - [Psychological first aid in non-psychiatric ambulatory care].

PMID- 3365735
TI  - [Psychiatric problems in internal medicine].

PMID- 3365736
TI  - [Use of monoclonal antibodies in the detection of blood group antigens A and B in
      the mucosa of the large intestine].

PMID- 3365738
TI  - [Primary prevention programs in health facilities in Honolulu].

PMID- 3365739
TI  - [The present goals of premarital and parenting education].

PMID- 3365737
TI  - [Myxoid changes in lipoma simulating nodular goiter].

PMID- 3365740
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of type I diabetes].

PMID- 3365741
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia in patients with uric arthritis. The effect of treatment on
      the disease].

PMID- 3365742
TI  - [Bacterial infections in patients on a regular hemodialysis program].

PMID- 3365743
TI  - [7-day therapy of urinary tract infection using low-dose ciprofloxacin].

PMID- 3365744
TI  - [Medical technology and technical equipment].

PMID- 3365745
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in old age].

PMID- 3365746
TI  - [Kidney function during intensive interval training of top bicyclists].

PMID- 3365747
TI  - [Estimation of maximal oxygen consumption using submaximal loading].

PMID- 3365748
TI  - Study on the origin of apical tubules in ileal absorptive cells of suckling rats
      using concanavalin-A as a membrane-bound tracer.
AB  - The ileal absorptive cells of suckling rats exhibit high levels of endocytic
      activity being engaged in nonselective uptake of macromolecules from the
      intestinal lumen. The apical cytoplasm usually contains an extensive network of
      small, membrane-limited tubules (apical tubules: AT), in addition to newly formed
      endocytic vesicles and large endocytic vacuoles. To determine whether the AT are
      directly involved in the endocytic process by carrying the tracer into the cell,
      we have analysed movements of the apical cell membrane of the ileal absorptive
      cells by using a membrane-bound tracer (horseradish peroxidase-labelled
      concanavalin-A: Con-A HRP). The ileal absorptive cells were exposed in vitro to
      Con-A HRP for 10 min at 4 degrees C, incubated for different times in Con-A free
      medium at 37 degrees C, and prepared for electron microscopy. After 1 min
      incubation at 37 degrees C, invaginations of the apical cell membrane, including
      coated pits, and endocytic vesicles were labelled with HRP-reaction product,
      whereas the AT and large endocytic vacuoles were negative. After 2.5 min, almost
      all the large endocytic vacuoles were labelled with reaction product, which was
      seen in their vacuolar lumen and along the luminal surface of their limiting
      membrane. A few AT with reaction product were seen in the apical cytoplasm; they
      were in frequent connection with the reaction-positive large endocytic vacuoles.
      With increasing incubation time, the number of the labelled AT increased. Thus,
      after 15 min at 37 degrees C, the apical cytoplasm was fully occupied by the
      reaction-positive AT. The ends of these AT were often continuous with small
      spherical coated vesicles. No reaction product was detected in the Golgi complex
      at any time after incubation. These observations indicate that the AT located in
      the apical cytoplasm probably originate by budding off from the large endocytic
      vacuoles, rather than being involved in the process of endocytosis.

PMID- 3365750
TI  - Microridges of oral mucosal epithelium in carp, Cyprinus carpio.
AB  - The surface of carp oral mucosa is characterized by various patterns of
      microridges about 0.3 micron wide, 0.1 micron high, and of various lengths. To
      elucidate the derivation and function of these microridges, the oral epithelium
      was examined by light- and electron microscopy. Microridges were present only on
      the surfaces of the superficial cells. Therefore, microridges on renewed
      superficial cells have been discarded, and the various patterns of microridges
      found on the cell surface appear to indicate the progress of their development.
      In thin sections, the outer leaflet of the plasma membranes of microridges
      stained strongly with ruthenium red, and the underlying cytoplasm was packed with
      many fine filaments. The superficial cells contained many secretory vesicles that
      were PAS-positive but Alcian blue-negative at pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. However, after
      sulfation the vesicles gave a positive reaction with toluidine blue. These
      vesicles are secreted by exocytosis at the free surface of the cells. After
      release, the membranes of the vesicles are thought to be utilized for formation
      of microridges. On the basis of these observations, the possible function of
      microridges is discussed.

PMID- 3365749
TI  - Electron-microscopic studies on the threshold value of calcium concentration for
      the release of storage granules and the acceleration of their degradation in the
      rat parathyroid gland.
AB  - To determine both a threshold value of calcium concentration (CC) for the release
      of storage granules and that for the acceleration of degradation of these
      granules, the rat parathyroid glands were perfused in situ with HEPES-Ringer
      solutions containing different concentration of Ca2+ for 10 min. With perfusates
      containing 0.83-1.21 mM Ca2+ (equivalent to 8-11 mg/dl serum calcium), the number
      of type-I storage granules (large core) [NSG-I] and that of type-II storage
      granules (small core) [NSG-II] remained unchanged. With perfusates containing
      0.83 mM Ca2+ (7.5 mg/dl) or less, however, both NSG-I and NSG-II decreased
      remarkably and the former was larger than the latter. On the contrary, with
      perfusates containing 1.27 mM Ca2+ (11.5 mg/dl) or more, NSG-II increased and the
      ratio of NSG-I to NSG-II was changed reversely. We concluded that a threshold
      value of CC required for the release of storage granules may be present between
      0.88 and 0.83 mM Ca2+ (8 and 7.5 mg/dl) and that a threshold value of CC for
      accelerating the transformation of type-I granules into type-II, the degradation
      of storage granules, may be situated at about 1.27 mM Ca2+ (11.5 mg/dl).
      Additionally, it was suggested that both pro-secretory and storage granules are
      not only formed at the innermost Golgi cisterna but also at the trans-Golgi
      network.

PMID- 3365751
TI  - Structure of the cumulus matrix and zona pellucida in the golden hamster: a new
      view of sperm interaction with oocyte-associated extracellular matrices.
AB  - Hamster oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC), with and without sperm, were structurally
      analyzed by light- and electron microscopy using freeze substitution. This method
      has yielded a clear picture of the extracellular oocyte investments, the cumulus
      cell matrix and the zona pellucida. The cumulus matrix has an overall homogeneous
      fibrillar structure which appears to attach to cumulus cells at their filopodial
      extensions. The matrix also extends into the outer regions of the zona pellucida.
      The zona pellucida has a distinct porous configuration throughout its entire
      structure. During gamete interaction experiments, capacitated hamster sperm with
      ultrastructurally intact acrosomes were found throughout the matrix. Sperm had
      dramatic effects on the matrix, resulting in compression and stretching. Sperm
      found on the zona pellucida had initiated or completed the acrosome reaction.
      During the initial stages of the acrosome reaction, the matrix was in contact
      with the sperm. At later stages of the acrosome reaction, there was a complete
      loss of matrix material in regions near the sperm.

PMID- 3365752
TI  - Immunogold identification of the somatotrophs of domestic fowl of different ages.
AB  - The somatotrophs of the pituitary gland of the male domestic fowl were identified
      by means of an immunoelectron-microscopic method based on gold as the electron
      opaque label and an antibody to growth hormone. Gold particles indicating sites
      of growth hormone were restricted to cells in which virtually all of the granules
      were labelled. Little, if any, gold label was found outside the granules in these
      cells designated as somatotrophs, or at sites outside these cells. The size of
      these gold-labelled secretory granules presumed to contain growth hormone
      decreased with age, from a mean sectional diameter of 256 +/- 6.2 nm (SEM) at 4-6
      weeks to 221 +/- 5.7 nm at 11-18 weeks and 205 +/- 8.6 nm at 24-30 weeks of age.
      On the basis of these values for mean sectional diameters the change between the
      first two periods represents a decrease in granule volume of about 36%. However,
      during the same period the growth hormone concentration of the granules
      increased. Accordingly, growth hormone content per granule changed little if at
      all. In contrast, from 11-18 weeks to 24-30 weeks of age there was a decrease of
      31% in growth hormone content per granule. These data indicate that growth
      hormone packaging in the chicken somatotroph changes with age. The first change
      results in the production of smaller granules of higher growth hormone
      concentration. During this period growth hormone content per granule remains
      relatively constant. The later change results in the production of granules of
      lower growth hormone content than that of younger animals.

PMID- 3365753
TI  - Independent spatial waves of biochemical differentiation along the surface of
      chicken brain as revealed by the sequential expression of acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - AChE-positive cells suddenly amass in a superficial layer of the neuroepithelium;
      this layer finally covers, in a sheat-like manner, the entire surface of the
      embryonic chicken brain. This feature is functionally not understood; however, it
      appears shortly after the neurons become postmitotic, and the lateral extensions
      of this layer can easily be traced using histochemistry on serial brain sections.
      The layer can therefore be exploited to delineate spatially the waves of onset of
      biochemical tissue differentiation. We have studied whole brains between stages
      11 and 30 and provide the first complete spatial schemes of brain differentiation
      based on computer-reconstructed, two- and three-dimensional maps. The brain does
      not differentiate in one smooth coherent wave, but instead five separate primary
      AChE-activation zones are detected: the first originating at stage 11
      ("rhombencephalic wave"), the second at the same time ("midbrain wave"), the
      third at stage 15 ("tectal wave"). A fourth zone develops later, at stage 18,
      from the bottom part of the telencephalon to the top. Retinal development also
      starts at stage 18. In a given area, it appears that AChE-development shortly
      precedes that of the formation of major fiber tracts. AChE might therefore
      represent a prerequisite for fiber growth and pathfinding.

PMID- 3365754
TI  - The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gastrointestinal tract of
      reptiles, birds and a prototherian mammal. An immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gut of several species of birds
      and reptiles, and of a prototherian mammal, the platypus, was studied using a
      monoclonal antibody. 5-Hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity was found in
      enterochromaffin cells and, in birds, in thrombocytes. Immunoreactivity was not
      found in enteric neurons fixed immediately after dissection. A detailed study was
      made on one avian species, the budgerigar. Following incubation of intestine in
      physiological solution, immunoreactivity was found in nerve fibres in the gut
      wall that was more marked after incubation with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor
      pargyline. These fibres took up exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine. Similar fibres
      were found in the intestinal nerves and in perivascular plexuses on mesenteric
      arteries. Both the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and the appearance of neuronal
      immunoreactivity after incubation were inhibited by the amine uptake inhibitors
      desmethylimipramine or fluoxetine. Fibres taking up 5-hydroxytryptamine were
      damaged by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. It was concluded that the fibres
      showing immunoreactivity after incubation were adrenergic fibres that had taken
      up 5-hydroxytryptamine released in vitro from enterochromaffin cells or
      thrombocytes. These, and more limited observations made on the other species,
      suggest that birds, reptiles and prototherian mammals lack enteric neurons that
      use 5-hydroxytryptamine as a transmitter substance.

PMID- 3365755
TI  - Light-dependent dynamics of gap junctions between horizontal cells in the retina
      of the crucian carp.
AB  - The dynamics of gap junctions between outer horizontal cells or their axon
      terminals in the retina of the crucian carp were investigated during light and
      dark adaptation by use of ultrathin-section and freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy. Light adaptation was induced by red light, while dark adaptation took
      place under ambient dark conditions. The two principal findings were: (1) The
      density of connexons within an observed gap junction is high in dark-adapted
      retina, and low in light-adapted retina. This, respectively, may reflect the
      coupled and uncoupled state of the gap junction. (2) The size of individual gap
      junctions is larger in light- than in dark-adapted retinae. Whereas the overall
      area occupied by gap junctions is reduced with dark adaptation, the percentage of
      small and very small gap junctions increases dramatically. A lateral shift of
      connexons in the gap junctional membrane is strongly suggested by these
      reversible processes of densification and dispersion. Two additional
      possibilities of gap junction modulation are discussed: (1) the de novo formation
      of very small gap junctions outside the large ones in the first few minutes of
      dark adaptation, and (2) the rearrangement of a portion of the very large gap
      junctions. The idea that the cytoskeleton is involved in such modulatory
      processes is corroborated by thin-section observations.

PMID- 3365756
TI  - Salmon gonadotropin (sGTH) immunoreactivity and 11-oxotestosterone secretion of
      mature rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) testes in vitro: an alternative to radio
      receptor assay for sGTH-binding studies.
AB  - After three intraperitoneal injections of salmon gonadotropin (sGTH) or bovine
      serum albumin (BSA), testicular tissue of fully mature rainbow trout was prepared
      for in vitro incubation with or without sGTH. The secretion of 11-oxotestosterone
      was measured and the tissue was fixed for light-microscopical localization of
      sGTH immunoreactivity (ir). Tissue from sGTH-treated males showed an increased
      basal secretion and sGTH-stimulated androgen secretion but the stimulated versus
      control ratio was higher without sGTH treatment in vivo. When the tissue had had
      contact with exogenous sGTH, sGTH-ir showed similar distribution patterns
      regardless of the sGTH treatment regimes. The extralobular compartment showed a
      staining of interstitial cells and capillary walls. The staining in the
      intralobular compartment was less clear. Many Sertoli-cells carried a faint
      nuclear label, whereas intralobular germ cells appeared to be unlabeled.

PMID- 3365757
TI  - Mitochondria attached to desmosomes in the ciliary epithelia of human, monkey,
      and rabbit eyes.
AB  - In the normal ciliary epithelia of the rhesus monkey, owl monkey, albino rabbit,
      and human eye, a previously unreported relationship exists between mitochondria
      and certain desmosomes. At these sites, two mitochondria appear like "sentinels"
      attached to the cytoplasmic surfaces of their respective sides of a desmosome. In
      other instances, only one side of the junction may be afforded an associated
      mitochondrion. In each case the cytoplasmic filaments of the desmosome are seen
      to blend with the outer membrane of the mitochondrion. The relationship between
      desmosomes and mitochondria in the ciliary epithelium is unique among ocular
      tissues. A survey of ocular epithelia in the various species examined, failed to
      give any evidence of similar junctional/organelle complexes. Various functional
      roles for this relationship are discussed including the possibility that the
      mitochondria could control the cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration in the
      microenvironment of their associated desmosomal junctions.

PMID- 3365758
TI  - Systolic expansion of the aortic root: an echocardiographic and angiographic sign
      of aortic composite graft dehiscence.
AB  - Precise diagnosis of aortic composite graft dehiscence may be difficult. We
      present a case illustrating this problem and its resolution. Two-dimensional
      echocardiography and contrast ventriculography revealed a space adjacent to the
      aortic valve conduit that demonstrated marked systolic expansion. The dynamic
      variation of this space was secondary to communication with the left ventricular
      cavity caused by disruption of the composite graft valve ring. Thus, systolic
      expansion of the aortic root is a useful echocardiographic and angiographic sign
      of composite graft dehiscence.

PMID- 3365759
TI  - Acute total aortic occlusion during cardiac catheterization associated with
      polycythemia vera.
AB  - We present a case of acute total aortic occlusion at the time of cardiac
      catheterization in a 62-yr-old female with an acute myocardial infarction and
      newly diagnosed polycythemia vera. Despite normalization of serum viscosity and
      red cell mass by phlebotomy, her predisposition to thrombosis persisted. Caution
      is advised when considering cardiac catheterization in patients with this
      disease.

PMID- 3365760
TI  - Anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery in association with the right
      superior septal artery.
AB  - The presence of anomalous coronary arteries is observed infrequently during
      routine coronary angiography. However, their identification is crucial to the
      management of the patient with associated coronary artery disease. A case is
      described in which concomitant anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery
      from the right coronary artery, and a right superior septal coronary artery with
      a separate ostium occurred in association with severe three-vessel coronary
      artery disease requiring bypass graft surgery. Clues to the presence of the
      anomalous vessels were (1) their visualization during left ventriculography and
      (2) their presence or absence during injection of the normally originating
      vessels. This particular association of anomalous vessels was previously
      unreported.

PMID- 3365762
TI  - Transfemoral coronary arteriography via a prosthetic aortic bifurcation graft.
AB  - Angiographers may inappropriately avoid the transfemoral access route when a
      prosthetic aortic bifurcation graft exists. An aortofemoral graft will
      necessitate overdilatation of the femoral puncture site to allow adequate
      manipulation. If the puncture transverses both walls of the femoral limb of the
      graft into the native artery, further withdrawal of the catheter will allow
      reentry into the graft. When an aorta-to-external-iliac, end-to-side graft is
      present, transfemoral catheterization will frequently result in the guide wire or
      catheter tip terminating in the occluded common iliac artery. By choosing the
      proper catheter, entrance into the distal limb of the proximally communicating
      graft may be achieved. For the unwary operator, these confusing situations may
      result in failure to properly catheterize the graft. The methods of successfully
      overcoming these problems are discussed and illustrated.

PMID- 3365761
TI  - Transpancreatic catheterization of the right hepatic artery for chemoembolization
      using a new infusion system.
AB  - The right hepatic artery was catheterized for chemoembolization in a patient with
      liver-dominant metastatic breast carcinoma and occlusion of the celiac artery by
      tumor compression. This was accomplished by use of a new coaxial infusion
      catheter-steerable guidewire system passed through the superior mesenteric artery
      and posterior pancreatic arcade.

PMID- 3365763
TI  - Technical consideration for a new X-ray video progressive scanning system for
      cardiac catheterization.
AB  - The widespread growth of interventional angiographic procedures has expanded the
      use of X-ray video systems. Reduced radiation exposure to the patient and staff
      has been recently reported by implementing a new pulsed progressive scanning
      video system. We have shown that this system, which enables the pulsing of the X
      ray generator at 30 pulses per second, results in a 50% reduction in radiation
      exposure. The technical parameters and implementation of a progressive scanning
      video system are discussed. Image quality, temporal and spatial resolution, and
      signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were assessed using conventional interlaced and
      progressive video scanning. These comparisons documented improved resolution, no
      degradation of ejection fraction measurements, improved clinical images, and a
      1.0-dB improvement in the SNR with the progressive scanning. Progressive scanning
      video systems reduce radiation exposure and provide an objective improvement in
      image quality over conventional scanning video systems.

PMID- 3365764
TI  - Balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonic valve stenosis--two-year follow-up:
      hemodynamic and Doppler evaluation.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy, technique, and
      follow-up results of balloon dilation angioplasty for valvular pulmonary
      stenosis. Percutaneous dilation was performed on 63 patients with pulmonary
      stenosis (ages 3 months to 76 years, mean = 4.3 years). In 43 patients, a single
      balloon was used; in 20 patients two balloons were used simultaneously. The
      pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve was determined with right
      ventricular and main pulmonary artery catheters. Pressure gradients
      simultaneously were estimated by continuous wave Doppler (CWD) during
      catheterization. The peak systolic ejection gradient was obtained by both
      techniques both pre- and postangioplasty. There was excellent linear correlation
      between the simultaneous catheter pressure gradient and the pressure gradient
      estimated by Doppler (r = 0.99). Follow-up pressure gradient estimations by
      Doppler echocardiogram were obtained in 30 patients between 6 months and 30
      months postcatheterization (mean = 13 months). The mean preangioplasty gradient
      of 64 mm Hg (range 30-160 mm Hg) was reduced to 22 mm Hg (range 2-31 mm Hg). A
      significant reduction of transvalvular gradient (52-95%, mean 68%) occurred in
      each patient. A linear correlation was found between the predilation gradient and
      the pressure gradient drop (r = 0.92). Mean follow-up gradient by Doppler was 20
      mm Hg (range 0-31 mm Hg), and there was no significant difference between these
      gradients and the postdilation gradient. No important complications were noted.
      These data confirm that balloon dilation angioplasty for valvular pulmonary
      stenosis is safe and effective, and suggest that stenosis does not recur.

PMID- 3365765
TI  - Technique for closure of the small patent ductus arteriosus using the Rashkind
      occluder.
AB  - Percutaneous transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus has become a
      clinically viable procedure in childhood due to the pioneering work of Rashkind
      and Mullins. Presented is a modification of the technique to accomplish catheter
      closure in the small ductus arteriosus.

PMID- 3365766
TI  - A 14,700 MW protein from the E3 region of adenovirus inhibits cytolysis by tumor
      necrosis factor.
AB  - We find that cells infected with wild-type group C human adenoviruses are not
      killed by exposure to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), but cells infected with
      adenoviruses that delete the E3 transcription unit are highly sensitive to TNF
      lysis. Mock-infected cells are resistant to TNF. Thus, adenovirus infection
      induces cellular susceptibility to lysis by TNF, and a product of E3 protects
      against lysis by TNF. The E3-dependent resistance to TNF was investigated using
      virus mutants that delete different segments of E3. Resistance was found to
      depend on the presence of a 14,700 MW protein, which has only recently been
      identified and for which there was no known function. Our results support the
      hypothesis that one of the functions of TNF in vivo is to combat virus
      infections, and that the 14,700 MW protein evolved in adenovirus to counteract
      the antiviral effects of TNF.

PMID- 3365767
TI  - Human genome organization: Alu, lines, and the molecular structure of metaphase
      chromosome bands.
AB  - Combining high resolution in situ hybridization with quantitative solid state
      imaging, we show that human metaphase chromosome Giemsa/Quinacrine and Reverse
      bands are each characterized by distinct families of interspersed repeated
      sequences: the SINES, Alu family dominates in Reverse bands, and the LINES, L1
      family dominates in Giemsa/Quinacrine positive bands. Alu is 56% guanine plus
      cytosine, and L1 is 58% adenine plus thymine, and each may comprise 13%-18% of
      the total DNA in a chromosome band. Therefore, the distribution of these
      sequences alone may account for a large part of human chromosome banding seen
      with fluorescent dyes. With the exception of some telomeric regions, and the
      chromosomal regions of simple sequence DNA, Alu and L1 are precisely inversely
      distributed, suggesting an inverse functional relationship. This finding links
      genome organization with chromosome structure and function.

PMID- 3365768
TI  - Drosophila Adh: a promoter element expands the tissue specificity of an enhancer.
AB  - Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes are expressed in the fat body and in
      species-specific sets of other tissues during larval and adult development. The
      Drosophila mulleri Adh-1 gene is expressed in the larval fat body and in three
      other larval tissues. In this paper, we show that Adh-1 expression in multiple
      cell types is the result of synergistic interactions between fat body-specific
      enhancers and a specific Adh-1 promoter element.

PMID- 3365769
TI  - Drosophila substrate adhesion molecule: sequence of laminin B1 chain reveals
      domains of homology with mouse.
AB  - Laminin, a substrate adhesion molecule in vertebrates, is a large glycoprotein
      complex in basement membranes that promotes cell adhesion, cell migration, and
      neurite outgrowth. Here we report on the cloning of the genes encoding the three
      subunits of Drosophila laminin. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding the
      Drosophila B1 chain reveals a multidomain structure similar to that of its mouse
      homolog. The Drosophila sequence has only 25% amino acid identity with the mouse
      sequence in domains I, II, and IV. However, in one of the putative collagen
      binding regions (domain VI) and the two cysteine-rich domains of EGF-like repeats
      (domains III and V), the amino acid identity between these two evolutionarily
      distant species jumps to 55%. Moreover, the number, length, and unique amino acid
      sequences of each of the 13 EGF-like repeats are highly conserved between
      Drosophila and mouse, suggesting that each may serve a unique function in protein
      protein interactions.

PMID- 3365770
TI  - The generation of oxygen radicals: a positive signal for lymphocyte activation.
AB  - The induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in lymphocytes is
      associated with activation and the initiation of cellular proliferation. ODC is
      also an essential component in tumor promotion. Phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) is
      a mitogen for lymphocytes, but can also promote tumor formation. Tumor promotion
      is linked to the generation of free radicals induced by PMA. Modulation of
      intracellular glutathione is associated lymphocyte activation and in protection
      of cells from damage due to oxygen radicals. We examined the interaction between
      ODC activity and intracellular glutathione concentrations in EL4 murine
      lymphoblastoid cells. The intracellular glutathione concentration could be
      augmented in EL4 cells when cultured with the cysteine delivery agents 2
      oxothiazolidine 4-carboxylate (OTC) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and suppressed
      with the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine
      (BSO). OTC and 2-ME suppressed ODC activity in fresh serum and PMA-activated EL4
      cells. BSO had no effect on ODC activity of EL4 cells cultured in the presence of
      PMA. While both OTC and 2-ME augmented the total intracellular glutathione
      concentration, PMA enhanced only the level of oxidized glutathione. To determine
      if the mechanism by which PMA or fresh serum altered intracellular glutathione
      and ODC activity was through the generation of oxygen radicals, EL4 cells were
      cultured with free radical scavengers. The nonpermeant electron acceptor
      potassium ferricyanide, and the H2O2 scavenger catalase, lowered ODC activity in
      both serum-stimulated and PMA-activated EL4 cells. Similarly, incubation of EL4
      cells with either potassium ferricyanide or catalase elevated intracellular
      glutathione concentrations. These data suggest that (a) modulation of
      intracellular glutathione in the EL4 lymphoblastoid cell line alters ODC activity
      induced by fresh serum and by the mitogen PMA; (b) activation of EL4 cells by PMA
      alone alters intracellular glutathione metabolism, which may be associated with
      its role as a mitogen in lymphocyte activation; and (c) the generation of free
      radicals in EL4 cells may play a positive role in cellular activation.

PMID- 3365771
TI  - Rapid and reversible modulation of T4 (CD4) on monocytoid cells by phorbol
      myristate acetate: effect on HIV susceptibility.
AB  - The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on T4 (CD4) expression by
      monocytoid cells was studied. Greater than 99% of untreated U937 and HL-60 cells
      expressed surface T4 as measured with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The
      percentage of T4 positive cells decreased to less than 20% after incubation with
      PMA (10(-8) M). A decrease was observed within 15 min of PMA exposure, was
      maximal within 1 hr, and persisted for at least 3 days in the continuous presence
      of PMA. The susceptibility of untreated and PMA-treated U937 cells to human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was also studied. Pretreatment of cells with PMA for
      18 hr decreased the production of viral RNA and p24 antigen 24 hr after
      infection. The dose of PMA resulted in a parallel reduction of both T4 expression
      and infection by HIV. When PMA was washed from cultures and replaced with fresh
      medium for 48 hr, then T4 expression and the production viral RNA and p24 antigen
      following infection were restored. These data suggest that pharmacologic
      manipulation of surface T4 expression may have a potential role in the prevention
      or treatment of HIV infection.

PMID- 3365772
TI  - Microtubules in ascidian eggs during meiosis, fertilization, and mitosis.
AB  - The sequential changes in the distribution of microtubules during germinal
      vesicle breakdown (GVBD), fertilization, and mitosis were investigated with
      antitubulin indirect immunofluorescence microscopy in several species of ascidian
      eggs (Molgula occidentalis, Ciona savignyi, and Halocynthia roretzi). These
      alterations in microtubule patterns were also correlated with observed
      cytoplasmic movements. A cytoplasmic latticework of microtubules was observed
      throughout meiosis. The unfertilized egg of M. occidentalis had a small meiotic
      spindle with wide poles; the poles became focused after egg activation. The other
      two species had more typical meiotic spindles before fertilization. At
      fertilization, a sperm aster first appeared near the cortex close to the vegetal
      pole. It enlarged into an unusual asymmetric aster associated with the egg
      cortex. The sperm aster rapidly grew after the formation of the second polar
      body, and it was displaced as far as the equatorial region, corresponding to the
      site of the myoplasmic crescent, the posterior half of the egg. The female
      pronucleus migrated to the male pronucleus at the center of the sperm aster. The
      microtubule latticework and the sperm aster disappeared towards the end of first
      interphase with only a small bipolar structure remaining until first mitosis. At
      mitosis the asters enlarged tremendously, while the mitotic spindle remained
      remarkably small. The two daughter nuclei remained near the site of cleavage even
      after division was complete. These results document the changes in microtubule
      patterns during maturation in Ascidian oocytes, demonstrate that the sperm
      contributes the active centrosome at fertilization, and reveal the presence of a
      mitotic apparatus at first division which has an unusually small spindle and huge
      asters.

PMID- 3365774
TI  - [Plan for the activities of the Czech Pharmaceutical Society for 1987 to 1991].

PMID- 3365773
TI  - Wave of free calcium at fertilization in the sea urchin egg visualized with fura
      2.
AB  - A wave front of increased free calcium traversing the egg at fertilization is
      demonstrated in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. The use of the fluorescent
      calcium chelator fura-2 in combination with low-light-level TV microscopy and
      image processing allows the visualization of the Ca2+ wave front with high
      spatial and temporal resolution. Such a wave is demonstrated as increased
      fluorescence after an excitation of 340-nm wavelength and as the reciprocal image
      in form of a reduced fluorescence when excited at 380 nm. The band-like
      appearance of the wave resembles the Ca2+ wave described for larger eggs of other
      species. In a dispermic egg the high resolution of the system used allows us to
      recognize two waves of Ca2+ originating from the respective points of sperm
      entry.

PMID- 3365775
TI  - [Steroid hormones and QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship)].

PMID- 3365776
TI  - [Oculomotor nerve paralysis with cyclic spasm].

PMID- 3365777
TI  - [Fluoroangiographic picture of chorioretinal folds].

PMID- 3365779
TI  - [Protection of microsurgical instruments from mechanical damage].

PMID- 3365778
TI  - [Extraction of senile cataracts using the subconjunctival corneal incision and
      the corneal incision. Comparative study].

PMID- 3365781
TI  - [Principles of action and use of neodymium-YAG lasers with regulation of the
      optic resonator quality in ophthalmology].

PMID- 3365780
TI  - [Familial retinal artery tortuosity and hemorrhage].

PMID- 3365782
TI  - [The effect of changes in atmospheric pressure on glaucoma].

PMID- 3365783
TI  - [Effectiveness of laser microsurgery in capsular glaucoma].

PMID- 3365784
TI  - [Extraction of intraocular foreign bodies using less conventional methods].

PMID- 3365785
TI  - [Fluorescence angiography of the iris in malignant melanoma of the uvea].

PMID- 3365786
TI  - [Fluorescein angiography of primary tumors of the iris].

PMID- 3365787
TI  - [Diagnosis of mental retardation].

PMID- 3365788
TI  - [Vital indications for electroshock].

PMID- 3365789
TI  - [Diagnosis of paranoid psychoses].

PMID- 3365790
TI  - [Computer analysis of EEG signals based on a uniform computer system].

PMID- 3365792
TI  - [Psychiatric problems in AIDS].

PMID- 3365791
TI  - [Nonspecificity of psychopathologic syndromes].

PMID- 3365793
TI  - [The attitude of relatives toward women hospitalized in a psychiatric facility].

PMID- 3365794
TI  - [Intensive comprehensive therapy of neuroses in day care facilities and its
      results].

PMID- 3365795
TI  - [The teaching of medical psychology at the School of General Medicine at Charles
      University in Prague].

PMID- 3365796
TI  - [Experience with the organization of protective treatment].

PMID- 3365797
TI  - [Exotic syndromes in psychiatry].

PMID- 3365798
TI  - [Methodology list. Pharmacologic concepts in psychiatry in Czechoslovakia for the
      8th 5-year plan (1986-1990)].

PMID- 3365799
TI  - [Rehydration of infants and toddlers with diarrheal disease using drip infusion
      through a nasogastric tube].

PMID- 3365800
TI  - [Echocardiographic findings in children and adolescents with idiopathic
      interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3365801
TI  - [Uveitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis--clinico-immunologic study].

PMID- 3365803
TI  - [New findings on the phagocytic system in human neonates. II. Phagocytic activity
      of granulocytes and monocytes].

PMID- 3365802
TI  - [Rhabdomyoma in a 2-day-old neonate].

PMID- 3365804
TI  - [Viruses and leukemias].

PMID- 3365805
TI  - [The physician and the computer. 15. Informatics nomenclature in medicine-
      applications].

PMID- 3365806
TI  - [New projections for the world population to the year 2025].

PMID- 3365808
TI  - [On the problem of narcotic abuse in Ostrava].

PMID- 3365807
TI  - [A scoring system for social risk in children].

PMID- 3365809
TI  - [Standardization of the determination of total bilirubin in the blood of
      neonates].

PMID- 3365810
TI  - [Nomogram for the determination of reference values for pulmonary ventilation up
      to 17 years].

PMID- 3365811
TI  - [Social problems with twins at the Pediatric Department of the Municipal Hospital
      and Polyclinic in Ostrava].

PMID- 3365812
TI  - [Incorrect (faulty) posture is not just an orthopedic problem].

PMID- 3365813
TI  - [Smoking and medical students--II].

PMID- 3365814
TI  - [Findings on the health service derived from the population census].

PMID- 3365815
TI  - [Training of health personnel resulting from research activities in the 7th 5
      year plan].

PMID- 3365816
TI  - [Management of science and research and carrying the results over into practice].

PMID- 3365818
TI  - [Manufacture of the Gianturco coil for vascular obliteration].

PMID- 3365817
TI  - [Decreasing the irradiation of personnel in roentgenographic facilities by means
      of a protective apron].

PMID- 3365819
TI  - [Sources of fast neutrons in medicine].

PMID- 3365820
TI  - [Significance of extended dose distribution in radiotherapy of cancer of the
      uterine cervix].

PMID- 3365821
TI  - [Interventional radiodiagnosis in disorders of meconium emptying].

PMID- 3365822
TI  - Survey of articulation models.

PMID- 3365823
TI  - RN to BSN articulation--a position statement: INA Commission on Education.

PMID- 3365824
TI  - Position paper on educational articulation: Illinois Council of Deans/Directors
      of Baccalaureate and Higher Degree Nursing Programs.

PMID- 3365825
TI  - Chlorophenoxyacid herbicides induce microsomal cytochrome P-450 IVA1 (P-452) in
      rat liver.
AB  - Induction of the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase and specifically the
      cytochrome P-450 IVA1 isoenzyme by seven phenoxyacid herbicides in rat liver have
      been studied. Liver microsomes from rats orally treated with the herbicides at 3
      dose levels showed a significant increase in total cytochrome P-450 content with
      2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) being the most potent inducer.
      Benzphetamine N-demethylation, as a marker of cytochrome P-450b (P-450 IIB1)
      activity, was not affected by any of the herbicides studied, whereas cytochrome P
      450c (P-450 IA1), as assayed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity, was
      significantly increased (up to 2.2-fold) by some of the herbicides. The 12
      hydroxylation of lauric acid was significantly induced (3-8-fold) by all seven
      herbicides, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic
      acid (2,4,5-TP) being the weakest and most potent inducers respectively. This
      increase in lauric acid 12-hydroxylase activity was accompanied by an increase in
      the hepatic content of cytochrome P-450 IVA1 as assessed by both a qualitative
      Western blot procedure and a quantitative ELISA method. By comparison, lauric
      acid 11-hydroxylase activity was not or only marginally increased by phenoxyacid
      herbicide pretreatment. Our results suggest that the phenoxyacid herbicides act
      as mixed inducers of the cytochrome P-450 mixed function oxidase system,
      preferentially inducing the cytochrome P-450 IVA1 isoenzyme.

PMID- 3365826
TI  - Studies on the base pair binding specificity of CC-1065 to oligomer duplexes.
AB  - In this paper, we report on the base pair binding specificity of CC-1065 to
      oligomer duplexes of several lengths and base composition as determined by
      circular dichroism (CD) methods. The oligomers are synthesized using the
      phosphoramidite triester coupling approach and purified by either polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis or anion-exchange HPLC. CC-1065 binds by two different
      mechanisms to form a reversibly bound species and an irreversibly bound species,
      both of which show intense induced CD bands. The reversible to irreversible
      binding transition is characterized by a shift of the CD band to shorter
      wavelength (392----371 nm) characteristic of the reaction between the cyclopropyl
      group of CC-1065 and the N-3 of adenine. The induced CD acquired by the CC-1065
      chromophore increases with increasing oligomer chain length and with an increase
      in the number of bases to the 5' end of the site of attachment whether a purine
      or a pyrimidine is at position 5 (or 4) from the site of attachment at the 3' end
      is not crucial for binding. The binding sequences 5'-GATAT and 5'-GTATA show a
      slower conversion to an irreversibly bound species relative to the preferred
      sequences 5'-AAA and 5'-TTA. A G base pair at position 3 in 5'-AAGAA hinders the
      formation of the irreversibly bound species relative to the 5'-GAAAA and 5'-AGAAA
      sequences. Very stable reversible binding is observed with the sequences 5'-GAATT
      and 5'-AAGAA. The sequences 5'-GCGAA and 5'-AGAG also show reversible binding but
      are characterized by a relatively small induced molar ellipticity which decreases
      with time. These binding characteristics signify weaker binding for these
      sequences. Overall, these binding studies agree with earlier sequence studies
      which found two preferred binding sequences, 5'-AAAAA and 5'-PuNTTA, with CC-1065
      attached to the 3' end of the binding site. Furthermore, according to studies of
      the oligomer 5'-CGCGAATTCGCG-3' under different experimental conditions, the
      annealing conditions of this work produced oligomer duplex structures, not
      hairpin structures. In these studies, we found that CC-1065 binds very little or
      not at all to hairpin structures.

PMID- 3365827
TI  - Fatty acid allene oxides. II. Formation of two macrolactones from 12,13(S)-epoxy
      9(Z),11-octadecadienoic acid.
AB  - An unstable fatty acid allene oxide, 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11-octadecadienoic acid,
      was recently identified as the product formed from 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 11(E)
      octadecadienoic acid in the presence of corn (Zea mays L.) hydroperoxide
      dehydrase (M. Hamberg (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 920, 76-84). The present
      paper is concerned with the spontaneous decomposition of 12,13(S)-epoxy-9(Z),11
      octadecadienoic acid in acetonitrile solution. Two major products were isolated
      and characterized, i.e. macrolactones 12-keto-9(Z)-octadecen-11-olide and 12-keto
      9(Z)-octadecen-13-olide.

PMID- 3365829
TI  - Synthesis of a phosphono analogue of cardiolipin and study of its silicic acid
      column chromatographic behaviour.
AB  - The synthesis is reported of the phosphono analogue of cardiolipin namely of 1,2
      dipalmitoyloxypropyl-3-(2'-hydroxy propyl-3'-(1",2"-dipalmitoyl
      glycerol]biphosphonate. This was prepared by the condensation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl
      glycerol with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-oxypropyl-3-(2'-hydroxy propyl-3')-biphosphonate
      catalyzed by tri-isopropylbenzene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine. The final
      product was characterized by elemental analyses, phosphono phosphorus
      determinations, thin-layer chromatography and IR spectroscopy. The silicic acid
      column chromatographic behaviour of the phosphono analogue of cardiolipin was
      also studied.

PMID- 3365828
TI  - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Concerning the structure of 15 beta-methyl-5
      alpha,14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3 beta,15 alpha-diol, an inhibitor of cholesterol
      biosynthesis.
AB  - The chemical synthesis of 3 beta-p-bromobenzoyloxy-15 beta-methyl-5 alpha,14 beta
      cholest-7-en-15 alpha-ol from 15 beta-methyl-5 alpha, 14 beta-cholest-7-ene-3
      beta,15 alpha-diol is described. The structure of the former compound was
      unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The space group of
      the crystal was P2 with unit cell parameters a = 12.611 A, b = 9.826 A, c =
      13.221 A, b = 91.71 degrees and Z = 2. The structure was solved by the heavy atom
      method and refined to a final R of 0.041. Asymmetry parameters indicated that
      ring A is a symmetrical chair, that rings B and C are half chairs, and that ring
      D is a 15 alpha-envelope.

PMID- 3365830
TI  - Calcium-induced aggregation of phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing free oleic
      acid.
AB  - Small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) formed by egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
      free oleic acid (OA) undergo aggregation induced by Ca2+ at pH greater than 7.0.
      The rate of the process, as monitored by turbidity changes, presents a linear
      dependence on phospholipid concentration and a hyperbolic dependence on Ca2+
      concentration. The aggregation curves show a lag period which is tentatively
      attributed to an activation step induced by Ca2+. The incorporation of either
      cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol or egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) produced
      a decrease in the aggregation rate and an increase in the lag period. Fusion was
      not detected in any of the different experiments, either by the assay of mixing
      the membrane phospholipids or by the assay of mixing the aqueous contents. A
      possible mechanism, explaining the aggregation process is proposed.

PMID- 3365831
TI  - On the solubility of calcium deoxycholate: kinetics of precipitation and the
      effect of conjugated bile salts and lecithin.
AB  - In view of the low solubility of calcium deoxycholate and the possible induction
      of cholesterol precipitation in the gallbladder by calcium insoluble salts, we
      find it of interest to study the precipitation of calcium deoxycholate and its
      dependence on other bile components. The findings of these studies were as
      follows: (i) Precipitation of calcium deoxycholate from mixtures of calcium
      chloride and monomeric deoxycholate (at concentrations below the critical micelle
      concentration (CMC] is very slow even at relatively high CaCl2 concentrations
      (more than 20 days at 50 mM CaCl2). (ii) At higher deoxycholic acid (DOC)
      concentrations, precipitation of micellar DOC is faster and requires much lower
      calcium chloride concentrations. For any given calcium concentration, the rate of
      precipitation is maximal at an optimal DOC concentration. In solutions containing
      150 mM NaCl, the maximal rate of precipitation occurs at about 10 mM DOC, almost
      independent of Ca2+ concentration. At lower ionic strength (10 mM NaCl), the
      optimal DOC concentration is 30 mM. These observations suggest that the most
      important factors in determining the rate of Ca(DOC)2 precipitation are (a) the
      ratio between calcium ions bound to the surface of a DOC micelle, and the [DOC]
      (the Ca2+/DOC binding ratio) and (b) the concentration of DOC micelles. (iii) In
      the presence of conjugated deoxycholates, the crystallization of calcium
      deoxycholate is inhibited. Phosphatidylcholine has a similar, although smaller,
      inhibitory effect. Upon precipitation of calcium deoxycholate from a mixed
      micellar system containing sodium deoxycholate, phosphatidylcholine and
      cholesterol, the latter two components spontaneously form vesicles. The anti
      nucleating effect of PC and conjugated bile salts is explained in terms of
      "poisoning" of the crystallization process. In view of the latter results we
      conclude that under normal conditions calcium deoxycholate is not likely to
      precipitate in the gallbladder.

PMID- 3365832
TI  - Inhibition of radiation-induced transformation in vitro by bacterial endotoxins.
AB  - Bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) were found to suppress X-ray-induced
      malignant transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells. Endotoxins were effective if
      present either throughout the 6-week transformation assay period, or for the
      final 4-week phase, but not when present only for the initial 2-week phase.
      Neither growth nor survival of C3H/10T1/2 cells, or a radiation-transformed cell
      line derived from them, were affected by endotoxins. Also, the endotoxins did not
      affect the formation of foci by the radiation transformed cells when these cells
      were co-cultured with untransformed cells. These results suggest that endotoxins
      exert their effect directly upon the transformation process itself, perhaps at a
      'late' step in the conversion of an untransformed to a transformed cell.

PMID- 3365833
TI  - Metabolism of 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MOCA) by rats in vivo and
      formation of N-hydroxy MOCA by rat and human liver microsomes.
AB  - The metabolism of 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MOCA) was investigated
      because it is an animal carcinogen to which humans have been exposed. In CD rats,
      where MOCA is a hepatocarcinogen, less than or equal to 0.2% of an oral dose of
      [14C]MOCA was recovered unchanged in the urine; enzymatic hydrolysis and
      extraction of urinary radioactivity indicated the presence of glucuronide and
      sulfate conjugates. In rat bile, the predominant metabolite was N-glucuronyl
      MOCA. Liver microsomes from male CD rats or human males (surgical specimens) were
      incubated in vitro with [14C] MOCA. Metabolite formation, which was dependent
      upon reduced pyridine nucleotides and intact microsomes, was quantitated by TLC
      and HPLC using appropriate chemically synthesized standards. N-Hydroxylation of
      MOCA occurred at a rate of 335 +/- 119 pmol/min/mg rat microsomal protein (n = 3)
      versus 230 or 765 (n = 2) with microsomes from humans; the product was identified
      by isotopic dilution for both species. The rates of 5-hydroxy-MOCA (o
      aminophenol) formation were 92 +/- 33 (rats) and 7, 35 (human); rates for the
      benzhydrol derivative were 82 +/- 12 (rats) and 60, 160 (human). In rats, all
      three rates were elevated 4- to 8-fold by pretreatment with phenobarbital, which
      also enhanced the formation of partially characterized polar derivatives that
      appeared to result from oxidation and cleavage at the methylene carbon. The
      latter pathway typically amounted to 50-100% of the 4,4'-diamino-3,3'
      dichlorobenzhydrol value in control or pretreated animals. Thus, rats metabolize
      MOCA extensively and the pathways include N-hydroxlation, which is regarded as an
      obligatory step in metabolic activation of arylamines. The presence of MOCA N
      hydroxylase in human liver supports the hypothesis that exposure of humans to
      MOCA entails a carcinogenic risk.

PMID- 3365834
TI  - Dose-response relationships of the tumorigenicity of cyclopenta[cd]pyrene,
      benzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene in a newborn mouse lung adenoma bioassay.
AB  - Cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP) was a potent tumorigen when tested over a 5-fold dose
      range in the newborn mouse assay. A 20-fold increase in lung tumor multiplicity
      and a nearly 8-fold increase in tumor incidence was observed at the lowest total
      dose tested (1.55 mumol) with the dose-response relationship indicating a
      saturation of tumor multiplicity at approximately 7 tumors/animal. No liver
      nodules or lymphatic system tumors were noted. Analysis of dose-response data for
      benzo[a]-pyrene (BaP) and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) showed that tumor multiplicity
      for BaP also saturated at approximately 7 tumors/animal, whereas no similar
      saturation was found for 6-NC at up to 40 tumors/animal. Progression of lung
      adenomas to adenocarcinomas, as measured by the incidence of mice bearing
      malignant tumors, was essentially a linear function of dose. To facilitate
      comparison and maximize quantitative data obtainable from the newborn mouse assay
      parameters were defined for tumor incidence (ED50), tumor multiplicity (TM1.0)
      and tumor malignancy (malignancy index). Values for the ED50 and TM1.0 were
      similar for the same compound and a tumorigenic potency series of 6-NC greater
      than BaP greater than CPP was obtained corresponding to a ratio of approximately
      1:10-25:76.5-135, respectively. The malignancy index, however, indicated
      increased adenocarcinoma induction in the order CPP greater than 6-NC greater
      than BaP as expressed by the ratio 1:1.4:8.3, respectively.

PMID- 3365835
TI  - Oncogenic transformation by charged particles of defined LET.
AB  - Neoplastic transformation incidence and cytotoxicity were scored in the
      C3H/10T1/2 cell system following irradiation with charged particles of defined
      linear energy transfer (LET) produced at the Radiological Research Accelerator
      Facility of Columbia University. Cells cultured in monolayers, attached to thin
      Mylar sheets, were irradiated with accelerated protons, deuterons or helium-3
      ions, and the results compared with X-rays. Defined LET values obtained by using
      the track segment mode, ranged from 10 to 120 keV/microns. For X-rays, and for
      the charged particles of lower LET, the dose-response curves for cell survival
      have a marked initial shoulder. With increasing LET, there is a progressive
      decrease in the size of the shoulder and for the highest LETs, survival curves
      approximate an exponential function of dose. The transformation incidence,
      likewise, showed a direct correlation to LET over the dose range examined. The
      efficiencies of transformation, however, appeared to approach a plateau between
      80 and 120 keV/micron. Transformation data were analyzed using a linear-quadratic
      function of dose for the transformation probability. This latter quantity, when
      analyzed using microdosimetric consideration, suggests that the target volume for
      this end point is of the order of micrometer.

PMID- 3365836
TI  - Study for tumor-initiating effect of acetaminophen in two-stage liver
      carcinogenesis of male F344 rats.
AB  - The potential liver-tumor-initiating activity of acetaminophen (paracetamol,
      APAP) was investigated in male F344 rats. APAP was administered by intragastric
      intubation either as 10 doses of 1 g/kg body weight over 5 weeks or as a single
      dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight 24 h after two-thirds partial hepatectomy. These
      initiating treatments were followed by administration of 0.1% phenobarbital in
      the drinking water for 12 weeks as the promoting regimen. Quantitative
      examination of placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci revealed no
      enhancing effect of APAP on the induction of the foci consisting of more than two
      positive cells with either initiating treatment. If solitary positive hepatocytes
      were included in the effective number of foci, 10 repeated doses of 1 g/kg APAP
      increased the number of foci while the validity of the single positive cells is
      uncertain. This dose of APAP caused centrilobular necrosis. By 32P-postlabeling,
      although the active metabolite of APAP formed DNA adducts when incubated with
      isolated DNA, no DNA adduct formation was detected in the liver of rats either
      fed 0.1-1.5% APAP for 1 week or given 1 g/kg by gastric intubation. These results
      indicate that APAP possesses no tumor-initiating activity in the rat liver.

PMID- 3365837
TI  - In vitro and in vivo inhibitory effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on O6
      methylguanine transferase.
AB  - Human and rat O6-methylguanine transferase (O6MeGT) are inhibited in vitro by
      ethanol at concentrations of 10 to 50 mM and by acetaldehyde, the first
      metabolite of ethanol, at concentrations as low as 0.01 microM. Several other
      enzymes, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and yeast alcohol
      dehydrogenase, which like O6MeGT have cysteines in their active sites, were not
      inhibited by acetaldehyde at the levels that inhibited O6MeGT. Disulfiram, an
      acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, enhanced the inhibitory effect of ethanol
      in vivo. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of ethanol on O6MeGT
      activity is mediated primarily via its metabolite, acetaldehyde.

PMID- 3365838
TI  - Prevention of chemically induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice by
      systemic effects of ultraviolet irradiation.
AB  - Systemic effects of UVB irradiation (280 to 320 nm) have been shown to enhance
      subsequent carcinogenesis induced by UV irradiation or by high doses of
      benzo[a]pyrene. In the present study, we asked whether the systemic effects of
      UVB irradiation would influence subsequent chemical tumorigenesis induced by the
      initiation-promotion protocol. A group of B6D2F1/J mice were irradiated dorsally
      with five 30-min treatments per week for 11.5 weeks. The irradiation source was a
      bank of six unfiltered Westinghouse FS40 sun lamps. One week later, irradiated
      and unirradiated mice were initiated ventrally with 100 micrograms of 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Four days later, ventral 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate treatments were begun. After 20 weeks of promotion, there were 75% fewer
      tumors per mouse in the irradiated mice than in unirradiated mice. Thus, systemic
      effects of UVB irradiation resulted in inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis
      induced with an initiation-promotion protocol.

PMID- 3365839
TI  - The influence of antipyrene on N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide
      induced urinary tract carcinogenesis.
AB  - Human over-use of analgesics containing phenacetin, antipyrene (phenazone) and
      caffeine has been associated with the development of both renal pelvic and
      bladder tumors. In Sprague-Dawley rats antipyrene has been shown to be a weak
      complete urinary tract carcinogen. The present study was designed to evaluate the
      promoting capacity of antipyrene in N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide
      (FANFT)-induced urinary tract carcinogenesis. One hundred and eighty male Sprague
      Dawley rats were divided into groups of 30 and were treated with the following
      chemicals in the diet: group 1 received a control diet without chemicals; group 2
      was treated with 0.2% FANFT in the diet for five weeks followed by control diet;
      group 3 received 0.2% FANFT for five weeks followed by 0.535% antipyrene in the
      diet; group 4 was treated with 0.535% antipyrene; group 5 was treated with 0.102%
      caffeine; and group 6 was treated with 0.535% antipyrene and 0.102% caffeine in
      the diet. Ten of 27 rats in group 3 (37%) developed urinary tract tumors (P
      greater than 0.001, five of which were renal pelvic tumors and five were bladder
      tumors. The majority of the tumors were well differentiated non-invasive
      urothelial carcinomas. None of the rats in other groups developed urinary tract
      tumors. In addition, renal papillary necrosis (RPN) was found in 33% of the rats
      in group 3, 50% in group 4, and 10% in group 6. The present study clearly shows
      that antipyrene acts as a promoter of FANFT-induced urinary tract carcinogenesis
      and that it is nephrotoxic to the renal papilla resulting in renal papillary
      necrosis.

PMID- 3365841
TI  - The role of the intestinal microflora in the formation of mutagenic metabolites
      from the carcinogenic air pollutant 2-nitrofluorene.
AB  - After a single oral dose of 2-nitro[9-14C]fluorene (NF) to germfree and
      conventional rats, radioactivity with associated mutagenic activity was rapidly
      excreted in both urine and feces. The mutagenicity excreted from germfree animals
      exceeded the mutagenicity excreted from conventional animals. Absence of the
      microflora resulted in lack of nitroreduction and excreted metabolites from
      germfree rats were mono- or dihydroxylated nitrofluorenes, as assessed by liquid
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). These hydroxy-NFs were associated with
      the high direct-acting mutagenicity that was excreted in germfree animals. Only
      traces of NF were found in urine from germfree rats and no NF was detected in
      urine from conventional animals. Thus, in contrast to a number of reports on
      other mutagenic compounds, these results would tend to indicate that the
      intestinal microflora causes a reduced excretion of mutagenic metabolites of NF.

PMID- 3365840
TI  - 2-Nitropropane induces DNA repair synthesis in rat hepatocytes in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - The genotoxicity of 2-nitropropane (2-NP) and 1-nitropropane (1-NP) was
      investigated by measuring the induction of DNA repair synthesis in rat liver
      cells in vitro and in vivo. 2-NP strongly induced DNA repair synthesis in both
      cases. When applied in vivo, 2-NP was considerably more effective in hepatocytes
      from males than in those from females. 1-NP was not active in vitro or in vivo. 2
      NP and 1-NP did not induce repair in cell lines of extrahepatic origin derived
      from rat, mouse, hamster and man. The results are consistent with the reported
      carcinogenicity of 2-NP in rat liver and suggest that the formation of
      hepatocarcinomas by 2-NP is due to the generation of a genotoxic metabolite from
      2-NP by liver-specific metabolism.

PMID- 3365842
TI  - Differential effects of phorbol esters on c-fos and c-myc and ornithine
      decarboxylase gene expression in mouse skin in vivo.
AB  - Hyperplasiogenic and tumor-promoting phorbol esters such as 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate induce the
      sequential transient expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc and the
      ornithine decarboxylase gene in mouse skin in vivo. This sequence of biochemical
      events probably depends on an activation of protein kinase C by these agents. The
      non-irritant skin mitogens 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and
      ethyl phenyl propiolate do not increase the expression of these genes to a
      comparable extent. Thus, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 12-O
      retinoylphorbol-13-acetate induce epidermal hyperproliferation by different
      biochemical mechanisms as do 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and
      ethylphenylpropiolate.

PMID- 3365843
TI  - The initiator tRNA acceptance assay as a short-term test for carcinogens. 1. A
      standardized procedure.
AB  - A short-term test for carcinogens has been developed based on the interaction of
      chemical carcinogens with tRNA(FMet) in vitro. Transfer RNA from rat or rabbit
      liver is pre-treated with compounds to be tested in the presence of microsomal
      enzymes and NADPH. Re-isolated tRNA is then charged with L-methionine by
      aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from E. coli B. Carcinogens induce a stimulation of
      tRNA charging whereas chemically similar non-carcinogenic compounds do not show
      this effect. Experiments with model substances N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (strong carcinogen) and aflatoxin G1 (weak carcinogen) revealed
      some differences in dose effect relationships. It is advisable to test unknown
      compounds at three different concentrations (10(-5), 10(-7) and 10(-9) mg/ml)
      with at least two different quantities of microsomal enzymes. Tests on greater
      than 150 different compounds performed so far indicate that the evaluation of
      results as % of stimulation (when compared with the control value obtained with
      the charging of tRNA treated with the solvent only) may allow a quantitative
      discrimination between weak and intermediate, and strong carcinogens. The
      procedure is rapid, well reproducible and relatively inexpensive and may be used
      to complement the other short-term tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3365844
TI  - The initiator tRNA acceptance assay as a short-term test for carcinogens. 2.
      Results with ten compounds selected by the International Programme on Chemical
      Safety for the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens.
AB  - Eight carcinogenic and two non-carcinogenic compounds that are difficult to
      detect by short-term tests (acrylonitrile, benzene, benzoin, caprolactam,
      diethylhexylphtalate, diethylstilbestrol, hexamethylphosphoramide, phenobarbital,
      safrole and o-toluidine) were tested independently in Prague and in Heidelberg by
      the newly developed initiator tRNA acceptance assay. Seven out of eight tested
      carcinogens gave a positive response in this assay, only safrole showed a false
      negativity in both laboratories. Both non-carcinogenic compounds, benzoin and
      caprolactam, exhibited no activity. An absolute qualitative agreement was found
      with all compounds tested between the results of both laboratories. With the
      exception only of phenobarbital (intermediate activity in Prague and low in
      Heidelberg) the quantitative results obtained in both laboratories were
      comparable. The initiator tRNA acceptance assay thus appears to be a reliable
      short-term test for carcinogenicity with good reproducibility.

PMID- 3365845
TI  - The initiator tRNA acceptance assay as a short-term test for carcinogens. 3.
      Results with 69 N-nitroso compounds.
AB  - The activity of 69 carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds was
      tested by the recently developed initiator tRNA acceptance assay for carcinogens.
      Of 51 carcinogens tested, 50 were active in the assay. Only N
      nitrosopropylpropanolamine showed a false negativity. Eleven out of 14 tested non
      carcinogenic compounds were not active in the assay, nitrosoethyl-tert-butylamine
      and nitrosoprolineethylester were positive. As calculated from these data, the
      sensitivity of the assay was 98.0%, specificity 84.6%, accuracy 95.4% and
      predictive value 94.4%. Comparison of relative carcinogenicities in animal
      bioassays with quantitative results (% stimulation of initiator tRNA charging) of
      the short-term test showed a good correlation for non-carcinogenic compounds and
      strong carcinogens. However, carcinogens of low and median potency could not be
      easily distinguished. A good correlation was obtained for three isomer N
      nitrosomethylaminopyridines between the TD50-value and activity in the tRNA
      acceptance assay. The initiator tRNA acceptance assay thus seems preferable for
      recognizing and classifying carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds
      than any other individual short-term test for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3365846
TI  - Alkylation of DNA in F344 rat thymus following administration of 1-n-propyl-1
      nitrosourea in vivo and comparison of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase
      activity in thymus from F344 and Long-Evans rats in vitro.
AB  - The tissue distribution of radioactivity 1 h after i.p. injection of [n-propyl
      2,3-3H]1-n-propyl-1-nitrosourea (PNU) (100 mg/kg) was studied in male F344 rats.
      This treatment results in a high incidence of thymic lymphomas. The 3H
      concentration in the thymus, testis and brain was significantly higher than that
      in blood. 7-n-propylguanine and O6-n-propylguanine were detected in thymus DNA of
      F344 rats treated with PNU; the ratio of O6-n-propylguanine/7-n-propylguanine was
      0.35, lower than following DNA alkylation in vitro. This suggests the presence of
      O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) in thymus. AGT activity in F344 and
      Long-Evans rats was compared by using a 3H-propylated DNA as a substrate. AGT
      activity in the thymus of F344 rats was lower than that in the liver. The AGT
      activity in the thymus of Long-Evans strain, which had a low incidence of PNU
      induced thymic lymphomas, was higher than that of F344 strain. The high level of
      DNA alkylation by PNU and the low activity of AGT in the thymus may contribute to
      the high incidence of thymic lymphoma in F344 rat.

PMID- 3365847
TI  - Formation of DNA adducts in mouse tissues after intratracheal instillation of 1
      nitropyrene.
AB  - 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is a mammalian
      mutagen and causes cancer in animals. The ability of the lung, liver and kidney
      to form 1-NP-DNA adducts was determined in adult male B6C3F1 mice following a
      single intratracheal instillation of 1-NP. 1-NP-DNA adducts were isolated and
      characterized in mouse lung, liver and kidney by HPLC analysis of the
      enzymatically digested DNA. Multiple DNA adducts were present in lung, liver and
      kidney at 1 day after administration. One of the major adducts in lung (20% of
      the total eluted radioactivity) coeluted with the synthetic marker, N
      (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (C8-dG-AP). This adduct (10% of total eluted
      radioactivity) and others were still present in the lung at 28 days after
      administration of 1-NP. One of the adducts in liver and kidney DNA digests also
      coeluted with C8-dG-AP. Treatment of the adducts with 0.3 M NaOH resulting in
      earlier eluting peaks containing radioactivity, indicative of an imidazole ring
      opening adduct. A portion of the original peak of radioactivity that coeluted
      with C8-dG-AP and other adducts, however, was not affected by 0.3 M NaOH. Thus,
      the chromatographic properties and chemical behavior of the adducts formed in
      vivo suggest that one of the adducts in the lung is C8-dG-AP which is formed by
      nitroreduction of 1-NP. Other adducts may be formed via ring-oxidation followed
      in some instances by nitroreduction. These data indicate that DNA adducts of 1-NP
      metabolites may be formed in the lung (a primary site for inhaled particles),
      liver and kidney following inhalation of airborne particles containing 1-NP.

PMID- 3365848
TI  - Comparison of methyltransferase activities of pair-fed rats given adequate or
      methyl-deficient diets.
AB  - The short-term effects of a lipotrope-deficient (methyl-deficient) diet on tRNA
      and protein methyltransferase activities have been studied using pair-fed male
      Fischer rats. The activity of liver N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase II (NMG2)
      of animals receiving the methyl-deficient diet (MDD) for 2 weeks was found to be
      elevated more than 2-fold. This is in agreement with the results of earlier
      experiments in which the animals were fed ad libitum. These data indicate that
      the effects of lipotrope-deficient diets on NMG2 activity observed in the earlier
      studies can be attributed to the nature of the diet, and not to differences in
      caloric intake. In the same pair-fed animals, very little effect of MDD on the
      activity of NMG2 of either brain or spleen was observed. In liver, the activity
      of one of the enzymes that catalyze protein methylation--protein methylase I (S
      adenosyl-methionine: protein-arginine N-methyltransferase)--was significantly
      elevated in response to the lipotrope-deficient diet. In contrast, the activities
      of protein methylase II (S-adenosylmethionine: protein-carboxy-O
      methyltransferase), from control and experimental animals did not differ
      significantly. Lipotrope-deficient diets are thus seen to induce, within a short
      period of time, selective changes in the activities of some, but not all, of the
      liver enzymes that catalyze the methylation of tRNA and protein.

PMID- 3365849
TI  - Further metabolism of diol-epoxides of chrysene and dibenz[a,c]anthracene to DNA
      binding species as evidenced by 32P-postlabelling analysis.
AB  - Incubation of r-1,t-2-dihydroxy-t-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochrysene (anti
      chrysene-1,2-diol 3,4-oxide), the bay-region diol-epoxide of chrysene, with rat
      liver microsomes in the presence of NADP+ and DNA, followed by 32P-postlabelling
      analysis of the DNA, revealed the presence of at least two adducts not detected
      when anti-chrysene-1,2-diol 3,4-oxide was incubated with DNA alone. The formation
      of these adducts was not blocked by the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1,1,1
      trichloropropane-2,3-oxide. One of the adducts cochromatographed with the adduct
      spot obtained when authentic 9-hydroxy-r-1,t-2-dihydroxy-t-3,4-oxy-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydrochrysene (anti-9-OH-chrysene-1,2-diol 3,4-oxide) was reacted with DNA.
      Evidence suggested that a second adduct could also be formed by further
      metabolism of anti-9-OH-chrysene-1,2-diol 3,4-oxide. In addition, evidence was
      obtained for the further metabolism of the syn-isomer of chrysene 1,2-diol 3,4
      oxide and the anti-isomer of a non-bay-region diol-epoxide of
      dibenz[a,c]anthracene to DNA binding species, but not for that of either the anti
      or syn-isomers of the bay-region diol-epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene, the anti
      isomers of the bay-region or a non-bay-region diol-epoxide of benz[a]anthracene,
      or the anti-isomer of the bay-region diol-epoxide of benzo[b]fluoranthene.

PMID- 3365850
TI  - Synthesis of 2-azido-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and photolytic generation of
      a highly reactive and mutagenic IQ derivative.
AB  - Azido-IQ (2-azido-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline), a novel analog of the food
      mutagen and carcinogen IQ (2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) was
      synthesized and characterized. Both thermolysis and photolysis of this azide
      yield a short-lived nitrene which can react as an electrophile either directly or
      via protonation to a nitrenium ion. Reaction of the nitrene/nitrenium ion with
      water produces N-hydroxy-IQ; reactions with nucleotides and with DNA (in vitro
      and in cells) produce adducts efficiently. Correspondingly, high frequencies of
      mutations are induced in Salmonella typhimurium by photolyzed azido-IQ.
      Comparative mutation assays with the S. typhimurium strains TA98 and the
      hydroxylamine-resistant TA98/1,8-DNP6 provide evidence for a novel mechanism of
      mutation, direct reaction of the nitrene or nitrene-derived nitrenium ion with
      DNA without involvement of the hydroxylamine. The photolysis of arylazides
      promises to be a very convenient and generally applicable non-enzymatic procedure
      for the cell-free or intracellular generation of short-lived and highly reactive
      electrophilic species which are assumed to be identical with the metabolically
      formed ultimate mutagens/carcinogens of arylamines and nitroarenes.

PMID- 3365851
TI  - Crazing in a rigid gas permeable contact lens.

PMID- 3365852
TI  - Therapeutic applications of a collagen bandage lens: a preliminary report.

PMID- 3365854
TI  - Contact lens care: new guidelines. CLAO policy statement issued April 1987.

PMID- 3365853
TI  - Optic disc leakage as a prognostic indicator in aphakic cystoid macular edema.

PMID- 3365855
TI  - Heat vs. chemical disinfection: an exchange.

PMID- 3365856
TI  - Prevalence of atopy is unrelated to presence of inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - The prevalence of atopy (assessed by prick testing and serum IgE measurement),
      and of symptoms associated with atopy, has been defined in 122 patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 103 age-matched controls. History analysis
      for atopic symptoms, and serum IgE levels, showed no differences between controls
      and IBD patients, or IBD subgroups (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis,
      ulcerative proctitis). Both in controls and in IBD patients, the prevalence of
      positive skin tests was higher in young people (aged less than 30) than in
      others; taking account of age distribution within the groups, there were no
      differences between controls and IBD patients, or subgroups, in the prevalence of
      positive skin tests. Our finding do not support the hypothesis that reaginic
      hypersensitivity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of IBD.

PMID- 3365857
TI  - Immune response of the atopic woman and foetus: effects of high- and low-dose
      food allergen intake during late pregnancy.
AB  - The influence of the mother's consumption of cows' milk and hens' egg on the
      immune response (IgE, IgG) in the mother and foetus was studied in 165 pregnant
      women with atopical respiratory disease with an allergy to pollen and/or animal
      dander. The women were randomly allocated to four diets ranging from a diet free
      from hens' egg and cows' milk to a diet containing intake of one egg and one
      litre of milk daily during the third trimester. No significant differences in
      cord blood IgE levels were noted in spite of differences in maternal diet, and no
      specific IgE antibodies to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and betalatoglobulin were found
      in the cord blood. The mother's IgG antibody concentrations to ovalbumin,
      ovomucoid and betalactoglobulin were influenced by her diet, but cord blood IgG
      antibody levels to the selected food allergens were unaffected. The data
      presented on the IgE and IgG antibody levels to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and
      betalactoglobulin in cord blood suggest that changes in maternal diet during the
      last trimester of pregnancy in order to prevent atopic sensitization in utero are
      less likely to affect the foetus than previously supposed.

PMID- 3365858
TI  - Need for theophylline in severe steroid-requiring asthmatics.
AB  - Concern about side-effects of theophylline prompted us to investigate whether
      this drug could be eliminated from the multi-medication regimen of severe
      asthmatics. We studied patients with a demonstrated requirement for systemic
      steroids who were taking most other available anti-asthma medications in an
      attempt to reduce systemic steroids while maintaining clinical stability. Five in
      patients, 12-15 years old, completed a double-blind, cross-over trial of
      theophylline vs placebo. All were stable for 4 weeks prior to the study with
      normal spirometry and mildly elevated lung volumes. Regular medications consisted
      of long-acting theophylline with levels between 12 mcg/ml and 16 mcg/ml, and
      prednisone 10-30 mg on alternate days. In addition, they were all taking inhaled
      metaproterenol, cromolyn sodium, atropine sulphate, and beclomethasone
      dipropionate four times daily (qid). Patients received either theophylline or
      placebo during two drug periods. All other medications were unchanged. Parameters
      measured were symptom score, number of extra respiratory treatments (prn RTs),
      increase in steroid dosage, and daily spirometry. During the placebo period, all
      five patients required increased steroids, daily spirometry decreased and three
      patients developed severe exacerbations unrelated to viral infection. A marked
      increase in symptom score occurred within 48 hr of discontinuing theophylline in
      all. These findings emphasize that theophylline is beneficial in a subset of
      severe asthmatics who cannot be controlled with all other available
      bronchodilators, cromolyn, and inhaled and systemic steroids.

PMID- 3365859
TI  - Nasal response to allergen and hyperosmolar challenge.
AB  - Rhinitis causes both clinical and social discomfort to patients, and in clinical
      practice is often underdiagnosed. We have examined a simple method for the
      assessment of a positive nasal provocation test to help in the diagnosis of
      rhinitis. In patients with histories suggestive of house dust mite (HDM)
      sensitivity and positive skin-prick tests or specific IgE to Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus, there was a fall in nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF) following
      nasal challenge with allergen. This was not seen in control subjects or in pollen
      sensitive patients when challenged with house dust mite. Frequency of sneezing
      and degree of rhinorrhoea increased in these patients following challenge, and
      based on these findings we propose a simplified scoring system for the diagnosis
      of allergic rhinitis. We examined non-specific nasal reactivity using
      hyperosmolar solutions as a challenge system and found that allergic subjects
      responded with a fall in NIPF, although the clinical response was not identical
      to that seen with allergen. Control subjects did not respond to hyperosmolar
      challenge.

PMID- 3365860
TI  - Effect of therapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the long-term management of
      asthma.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine if prophylactic therapy leads to a
      reduction in the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in subjects with
      severe asthma. Measurements of bronchial responsiveness to histamine were made in
      two groups of subjects for periods up to 2 years. Thirteen subjects in the study
      group took regular medication and used a home monitor of airway function to
      determine the medication requirements needed to maintain optimal airway function.
      A control group of eleven subjects was managed with the same drugs but without
      daily monitoring and without any attempt to keep daily lung function at optimal
      levels. Subjects in the study group had a 10- to 100-fold decrease in the
      severity of BHR, which was independent of the improvement in baseline lung
      function. All but one subject in the study group became symptom free and six were
      able to maintain the improvement in BHR and symptoms on reduced medication. There
      was no change in the severity of BHR or in the baseline lung function in the
      control group. It is concluded that it is possible to reduce the severity of BHR
      in subjects with severe asthma by the use of pharmacological agents. This
      reduction in severity appears to require the long-term use of medications,
      including aerosol corticosteroids, with daily home monitoring to allow adjustment
      of the amount of treatment required.

PMID- 3365861
TI  - Allergen-induced hyperreactivity is not a feature of dermal immediate allergic
      reactions--in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.
AB  - Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased
      sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon
      has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in
      turn has been suggested as a link between anaphylaxis and continuous allergic
      airway disease. The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the
      phenomenon of allergen-induced hyperreactivity and to see whether it was possible
      to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six patients with seasonal allergic
      rhinitis due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter
      months. Nine of these patients had previously demonstrated an increased
      reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the patients had
      cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin
      prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, histamine, and a negative
      control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the
      tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin
      challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and histamine 24 hr after
      the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the
      previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of human airway mucosa, where
      the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to
      rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even
      if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced
      hyperreactivity, or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365862
TI  - Acute visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients with end-stage renal disease
      receiving desferrioxamine.
AB  - We report 5 cases of acute visual and auditory neurotoxicity in patients with end
      stage renal disease receiving desferrioxamine. Four patients complained of visual
      toxicity characterized by a decrease in visual acuity, loss of color vision and
      night blindness. In these patients there was a decrease in visual acuity, and the
      Farnsworth's test revealed a tritanopy (yellow-blue axis impairment); 1 patient
      also showed retinal pigmentary changes. A fifth patient complained of bilateral
      and severe neurosensorial deafness. Patients improved clinically upon drug
      withdrawal. We recommend careful monitoring of audiovisual toxicity in patients
      with end-stage renal disease receiving this drug.

PMID- 3365863
TI  - Effects of acetate on glucose metabolism and cellular ATP content during
      hemodialysis.
AB  - In view of multiple interactions of acetate with intermediary metabolism, we
      studied the effects of the exogenous acetate load during dialysis on glucose and
      energy metabolism. IV glucose tolerance test (glucose 0.33 g/kg BW) and platelet
      ATP content were evaluated in 16 patients before and after a single hemodialysis
      session with acetate 38 mEq/l in the dialysate. IV glucose tolerance was greatly
      impaired in all patients after hemodialysis (K: 1.08 +/- 0.30 vs predialysis
      value of 2.05 +/- 0.85, p less than 0.001). Platelet ATP content was unchanged by
      dialysis (3.74 +/- 1.02 mumol/10(11) PLTs before and 3.55 +/- 0.69 mumol/10(11)
      PLTs after), however, individual variations in platelet ATP content ranged from
      +32 to -31% of the initial values. Postdialysis plasma acetate levels ranged from
      1.5 to 9.2 mmol/l and were inversely correlated with postdialysis glucose
      tolerance test (r: -0.61, p less than 0.01) and platelet ATP content variations
      (r: -0.51, p less than 0.05). Our study demonstrates that glucose utilization is
      acutely impaired by acetate dialysis and suggests that the reduced glycolytic
      activity may be due to a negative feed-back mechanism in the presence of
      exogenous fuel. It also demonstrates a great variability in platelet ATP content
      following hemodialysis, which probably depends on the different patients' ability
      to oxidize acetate.

PMID- 3365864
TI  - Pregnancy in women with diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The clinical course of 168 pregnancies in 91 women with non-IgA diffuse mesangial
      proliferative glomerulonephritis has been analyzed. Twenty percent (33) of
      pregnancies resulted in fetal loss, 18% (31) in premature delivery and 62% (105)
      in a term infant. Maternal renal function declined, reversibly, in 3% (5) of
      pregnancies and in 48% (80) hypertension developed. In 53% (89) a significant
      increase in proteinuria occurred in pregnancy. Fetal and maternal complications
      of pregnancy occurred more frequently in patients with pre-existing hypertension
      although differences failed to reach statistical significance (p greater than
      0.01). The presence of severe vessel lesions on the diagnostic renal biopsy was
      associated with a significantly higher fetal loss and prematurity rate (p less
      than 0.0005 and p less than 0.005, respectively).

PMID- 3365865
TI  - Renal lesions in Cockayne's syndrome.
AB  - A nine-year-old boy who exhibited mild proteinuria and severe renal dysfunction
      with short stature, mental retardation, retinitis pigmentosa, deafness, and
      intracranial calcification was presented. Clinical features of the patient were
      in the most part consistent with those of Cockayne's syndrome. On the renal
      biopsy, two-thirds of the glomeruli had fallen into global sclerosis. The
      remaining one-third showed thickening of the capillary walls and expansion of the
      mesangial matrix. Immunofluorescence study proved no significant deposition of
      immunoglobulins or complements. Electron microscopy revealed diffuse homogeneous
      thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. These histological findings were
      thought to be characteristic of the Cockayne's syndrome. Although the
      pathogenesis of Cockayne's syndrome is yet unknown, its renal lesions resembled
      those of an aged kidney, and a prematurely aged metabolic state was supposed as a
      principal cause of the disease.

PMID- 3365866
TI  - Renal histopathology of the nail-patella syndrome in a two-year-old boy.
AB  - A two-year-old child with the clinical stigmata of nail-patella syndrome,
      congenital urinary tract anomalies and proteinuria underwent renal biopsy.
      Electron microscopy revealed characteristic electron lucent areas and collagen
      fibril-like deposits in the glomerular basement membrane. Of special interest,
      electron dense deposits were seen in subendothelial areas of the capillary loops
      and immunofluorescent staining was striking, particularly for IgM, in a
      peripheral capillary loop pattern.

PMID- 3365867
TI  - No evidence for protective effects of nifedipine against radiocontrast-induced
      acute renal failure.

PMID- 3365868
TI  - Hemofiltration as a treatment of disopyramide overdose.

PMID- 3365869
TI  - Long-term use of magnesium hydroxide [Mg (OH)2] as a phosphate binder in patients
      on hemodialysis.

PMID- 3365870
TI  - Long-term follow-up by exercise radionuclide angiography of patients after valve
      replacement for aortic regurgitation.
AB  - The long-term effects of valve replacement for chronic isolated aortic
      regurgitation as assessed by first-pass exercise radionuclide angiography have
      never been reported. We studied 20 males and 5 females before, 15 months
      postoperatively, and from 29 to 109 (mean 62 +/- 21) months following valve
      replacement with exercise radionuclide angiography. Mean peak heart rate did not
      change for the three studies. Peak systolic blood pressure decreased from 201 +/-
      42 mmHg to 185 +/- 24 mmHg at 15 months and further declined to 177 +/- 32 mmHg
      by the long-term study (p less than 0.03). The mean resting left ventricular
      ejection fraction improved from 44 +/- 15% preoperatively to 57 +/- 18% at 15
      months (p less than 0.002) with no further improvement by the long-term
      evaluation. The postexercise ejection fraction improved from 42 +/- 13%
      preoperatively to 61 +/- 21% at 15 months (p less than 0.002) also with no change
      by the long-term study. The duration of exercise improved from 9.7 +/- 4.6 min to
      11.9 +/- 3.4 min (p less than 0.03) at 15 months with no additional improvement
      long term. Improvement in resting and postexercise ejection fraction and in
      exercise duration is maximal at 15 months. Accuracy and cost containment suggest
      that assessment of the maximal change in ejection fraction by exercise
      radionuclide angiography after aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients
      be limited to the 15-month interval.

PMID- 3365871
TI  - Long-term morbidity in patients where the initial suspicion of myocardial
      infarction was not confirmed.
AB  - The morbidity and mortality during a 5-year follow-up in patients admitted to the
      coronary care unit with chest pain presenting an initial suspicion of acute
      infarction, but in whom the diagnosis could not be confirmed, is reported. They
      were divided into four groups: Possible myocardial infarction (29%), angina
      pectoris (24%), chest pain of uncertain origin (32%), and nonischemic cause of
      chest pain (15%). The overall 5-year mortality rate was 13.3% and did not differ
      substantially between the four groups. During the 5-year follow-up a confirmed
      myocardial infarction developed in 28% and 22% among patients with the diagnosis
      possible infarction and angina pectoris, respectively, and in about 10% of the
      remaining patients. Stroke developed in 4% of patients with possible infarction
      and in 2-3% in the remaining subgroups. In all, 59% of the patients were
      rehospitalized for a mean duration of 30 days in hospital. Among survivors at 5
      years, 54% reported chest pain equivalent to angina pectoris and 25% had chest
      pain daily. A high prevalence of angina pectoris, a high frequency of
      rehospitalization due to chest pain, and a high consumption of cardiovascular
      drugs could be found in all four groups.

PMID- 3365872
TI  - Prognostic value of supine scintigraphic heart function and simultaneous
      conventional exercise response in patients after myocardial infarction.
AB  - A total of 240 survivors of one or more myocardial infarctions were consecutively
      admitted to perform supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Within 3 years
      after the test, 22 died; this group was compared to an age-matched control group
      of 22 survivors for left and right ventricular function during rest, exercise,
      and simultaneously assessed exercise performance as well as ECG variables.
      Evaluation of 3-year survival by linear discriminant analysis revealed an
      accuracy of 82% for discriminant models using ECG and exercise performance
      variables. Implementation of resting left ventricular ejection fraction and
      change of right ventricular ejection fraction during exercise, as well as
      scintigraphic presence or absence of dyskinesia, improved the accuracy of the
      model to 91% of correctly classified patients.

PMID- 3365873
TI  - The natural history of cardiac involvement in myotonic dystrophy: an eight-year
      follow-up in 17 patients.
AB  - We evaluated the progression of conduction system and myocardial disease in 17
      asymptomatic myotonic dystrophy patients by clinical evaluation,
      electrocardiography, vector cardiography, and echocardiography. An exercise test
      was done in 10 patients. After 8 years, a follow-up study of 12 of the 17
      original patients was done with a similar protocol. During this period, 2
      patients died: one of sudden death while the other had acute left ventricular
      failure. In our first control study, we found EKG abnormalities in 15 of our
      patients, consisting mostly of conduction defects or pseudonecrotic patterns. In
      our second control, all patients had conduction system disease and, in addition,
      3 of them had premature ventricular beats. One patient developed dilated
      cardiomyopathy. In 6 patients, structural involvement of the right ventricle was
      found. We conclude that even in asymptomatic myotonic dystrophy patients a
      conduction system deficit is present and progresses, and cardiac death may occur
      in about 12% of these patients.

PMID- 3365874
TI  - Incidence of exertional right ventricular wall motion abnormalities in patients
      with coronary artery disease.
AB  - To evaluate the role of analysis of right ventricular function with exercise in
      patients with presumed coronary artery disease referred for radionuclide
      ventriculography, the records of 55 patients referred to our laboratory over a 19
      month period were reviewed. All underwent rest and exercise first-pass
      radionuclide stress testing and cardiac catheterization within a period of four
      months. Three groups were identified: (1) patients with normal exercise right
      ventricular function (n = 24); (2) patients with exercise-induced right
      ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (n = 15); and, (3) patients with
      abnormal resting right ventricular function without new exercise abnormalities (n
      = 16). Patients in each group were similar in age, sex, baseline left ventricular
      function, medication usage, and indication for study. The incidence of right
      coronary artery disease was identical in the three groups, as was the incidence
      of left ventricular functional abnormalities with exercise. Patients with
      proximal right coronary artery disease were more likely to have reduced left
      ventricular ejection fraction and more extensive coronary artery disease than
      those without disease at this site. We conclude that: (1) analysis of rest and
      exercise right ventricular function does not allow prediction of coronary anatomy
      in an unselected group of patients; (2) normal right ventricular function with
      exercise is compatible with extensive coronary artery disease, including proximal
      right coronary artery disease; and (3) abnormal exercise right ventricular
      function may be due to exertional left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of
      proximal right coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3365875
TI  - An electrocardiographic criterion to detect AV dissociation in wide QRS
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - A study was carried out on 12 patients with wide QRS tachycardia, 8 of whom
      presented with atrioventricular (AV) dissociation (Group A) and 4 with 1:1 AV
      association (Group B). This investigation aimed at assessing whether significant
      variations occurred in the QRS amplitude between the two groups. Group A showed
      more marked variations in QRS amplitude (31.7 +/- 13%) compared to Group B
      patients (6.2 +/- 1.2%) (p less than 0.001). The amplitude changes observed in
      Group A patients are probably related to variations in telediastolic volume
      resulting from the occasional contribution of the atrial systole. The findings
      suggest that variability in QRS amplitude during wide QRS tachyarrhythmias is a
      reliable sign of the presence of an AV dissociation. The possibility of
      diagnosing an AV dissociation on a surface ECG without visible P waves is an
      important finding, which though not pathognomonic of ventricular tachycardia, is
      a valid ECG criterion for assessing the ventricular origin of arrhythmias. This
      ECG criterion can be usefully applied in clinical practice along with others
      already used for the differential diagnosis of wide QRS tachyarrhythmias.

PMID- 3365876
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of berberine in patients with severe congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - Berberine, an alkaloid of the protoberberine family, has been shown to have
      strong positive inotropic and peripheral resistance-lowering effects in dogs with
      and without heart failure. To determine the acute cardiovascular effects of
      berberine in humans, 12 patients with refractory congestive heart failure were
      studied before and during berberine intravenous infusion at rates of 0.02 and 0.2
      mg/kg per min for 30 minutes. The lower infusion dose produced no significant
      circulatory changes, apart from a reduction in heart rate (14%). The 0.2 mg/kg
      per min dose elicited several significant changes: (a) Decreases in systemic
      (48%, p less than 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (41%, p less than
      0.01), and in right atrium (28%, p less than 0.05) and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressures (32%, p less than 0.01). (b) Increases in cardiac index (45%,
      p less than 0.01), stroke index (45%, p less than 0.01), and LV ejection fraction
      measured by contrast angiography (56%, p less than 0.01). (c) Increases in
      hemodynamic and echocardiographic indices of LV performance: peak measured
      velocity of shortening (45%, p less than 0.01), peak shortening velocity at zero
      load (41%, p less than 0.01), rate of development of pressure at developed
      isovolumic pressure of 40 mmHg (20%, p less than 0.01), percent fractional
      shortening (50%, p less than 0.01), and the mean velocity of circumferential
      fiber shortening (54%, p less than 0.01). (d) Decrease of arteriovenous oxygen
      difference (28%, p less than 0.05) with no changes in total body oxygen uptake,
      arterial oxygen tension, or hemoglobin dissociation properties.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365877
TI  - Coronary heart disease in the elderly: review of current knowledge and research
      recommendations.

PMID- 3365878
TI  - Recurrence of myocardial infarction related to different vessels in a patient
      with diffuse coronary artery spasm without underlying severe organic stenosis.
AB  - A 59-year-old man had a first myocardial infarction in the right coronary artery,
      followed by an another infarction in the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. Coronary thrombolysis for both occasions of acute myocardial infarction
      was successfully performed without severe residual stenosis. In the chronic phase
      after the second myocardial infarction, ergonovine test showed diffuse coronary
      artery spasm. The etiology of myocardial infarction is briefly discussed.

PMID- 3365879
TI  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy perfusion defect with dipyridamole in a patient with a
      myocardial bridge.
AB  - A patient with myocardial bridging and a thallium-201 scintigraphy perfusion
      defect after the administration of intravenous dipyridamole is presented. The
      same patient had a normal perfusion study on exercise stress testing. The effects
      of coronary vasodilators and dipyridamole on coronary artery flow patterns in
      patients with myocardial bridging are discussed. We suggest that coronary
      vasodilators may induce perfusion defects in patients with myocardial bridging
      and should be avoided in such patients.

PMID- 3365880
TI  - Complete absence of pulmonary veins.
AB  - Various types of pulmonary venous return abnormalities have been described in the
      literature. This report presents a case in which a 4-h-old neonate presented with
      cyanotic heart disease and respiratory distress. This neonate was subsequently
      shown to have complete absence of the pulmonary veins (CAPV), a previously
      undescribed malformation. The case summary describes the physical findings,
      radiographic and electrocardiographic features, cardiac catheterization data, and
      results from autopsy. A discussion of the case, theories of embryological
      etiology for this malformation, and differential diagnoses follow. Surgical
      treatment for CAPV is not yet possible.

PMID- 3365881
TI  - Use of polyunsaturated fatty acid diet to treat the enhanced intestinal uptake of
      lipids in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
AB  - Intestinal passive transport of lipids is enhanced in rats with streptozotocin
      induced diabetes. The present study was undertaken to test the effect of
      semisynthetic isocaloric diets, varying in saturated (S) or polyunsaturated (P)
      fatty acid content, on intestinal lipid uptake when fed to rats previously
      rendered diabetic. In vitro uptake of fatty acids and cholesterol was higher in
      the jejunum and ileum of diabetic rats than in control rats fed rat chow. Feeding
      P prevented the enhanced jejunal and ileal uptake of 18:1 and 18:2, and feeding S
      prevented the enhanced jejunal uptake of 18:2 in diabetic rats fed rat chow. In
      diabetic rats, feeding P was associated with reduced jejunal uptake of 16:0 and
      18:1 and reduced ileal uptake of 16:0, 18:0, and 18:2, as compared with diabetic
      rats fed S. Weight gain and blood glucose concentration was similar in diabetic
      animals fed chow, P or S. The percentage of the jejunal wall comprised of mucosa
      was greater in diabetic than in control rats fed chow or P but was similar in
      control and diabetic rats fed S. However, this diminution in uptake was not
      explained by these differences. The potential long-term role of feeding P in the
      diminution of the hyperlipidemia associated with human diabetes remains to be
      established.

PMID- 3365882
TI  - Kinetics and dynamics of triamterene at steady-state in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in patients with cirrhosis for
      the treatment of ascites. It is extensively metabolized by the liver and is
      subject to an important first-pass effect after oral dosing. We examined the
      disposition and diuretic effect of triamterene after repeated oral administration
      (200 mg daily for 10 days) in 7 healthy controls and 6 patients with cirrhosis
      and ascites. In the controls the average plasma concentration of triamterene
      during a dosage interval was 45 +/- 8 ng/ml and that of hydroxy-triamterene
      sulfate, an active metabolite of triamterene, was 967 +/- 177 ng/ml. In the
      cirrhotics, the mean concentration of triamterene was 586 +/- 126 ng/ml (a 13
      fold increase as compared with the controls) and that of hydroxy-triamterene
      sulfate was 747 +/- 502 ng/ml. Sodium excretion was correlated with hydroxy
      triamterene sulfate levels in the controls (r = 0.81), but in the cirrhotics the
      diuretic response was correlated with basal sodium excretion (r = 0.86) and was
      not related to either triamterene or hydroxy-triamterene plasma concentrations.
      Our results indicate that chronic treatment with triamterene in patients with
      cirrhosis and ascites results in markedly elevated plasma levels, but these
      changes do not have a major influence on the magnitude of the diuretic response.

PMID- 3365884
TI  - Closed reduction of tibial plateau fractures. A comparison of functional and
      roentgenographic end results.
AB  - One hundred tibial plateau fractures in 96 patients were treated at three
      teaching hospitals. Seventy-three fractures were treated by closed reduction and
      early mobilization of the knee using a cast brace. Twelve fractures in this group
      also had percutaneous pin fixation under fluoroscopic control. The end results
      were graded by clinical functional criteria and by roentgenographic criteria.
      Eighty-nine percent of the patients treated by closed reduction methods had good
      to excellent functional results with a low complication rate (12%). Observations
      based on long-term roentgenographic examinations did not correlate with the
      functional end results. Many patients with less than satisfactory
      roentgenographic results had good to excellent functional long-term results. The
      indications for operative stabilization of these fractures should be based on
      testing for knee stability in full extension, rather than on any arbitrary
      roentgenographic criteria. For unstable fractures, closed reduction using
      ligamentotaxis and percutaneous fixation supplemented by cast brace support
      proved effective and relatively free of complications.

PMID- 3365883
TI  - A neutrophil derived factor(s) stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation by vascular
      smooth muscle cells in vitro.
AB  - There is increasing evidence for the involvement of inflammatory cells in the
      development of intimal hyperplasia. This study examines the effect of human
      neutrophils on the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into acid precipitable
      materials (DNA) in cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells. Co-culture of
      intact neutrophils and vascular smooth muscle cells caused [3H]-thymidine
      incorporation by these cells to increase 209 +/- 22% (mean +/- SEM) of control.
      Sonication of the neutrophils abolished this effect (117 +/- 10%). Neutrophil
      conditioned medium prepared in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum had a
      similar effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation by vascular smooth muscle cells
      (204 +/- 20% and 172 +/- 17% respectively). Stimulation of neutrophils with
      either Concanavalin A or serum-activated zymosan failed to increase production of
      the factor(s). The neutrophil derived factor(s) prepared in minimal essential
      medium was partially stable at 56 degrees C, but inactivated by boiling. Dialysis
      (pore size 12,000-14,000) did not remove the factor(s). Cyclooxygenase inhibition
      with indomethacin did not inhibit production of the factor(s) by neutrophils, but
      indomethacin caused an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation by vascular
      smooth muscle cells (181 +/- 11%). Indomethacin together with intact neutrophils
      had an additive effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation (273 +/- 42%) into
      cellular DNA. These data show that neutrophils produce a factor(s) that
      stimulates [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA by vascular smooth muscle cells
      and suggests that vascular smooth muscle proliferation and intimal hyperplasia
      may be initiated by neutrophils adherent to sites of endothelial injury.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365885
TI  - The displaced femoral neck fracture. Internal fixation versus bipolar
      endoprosthesis. Results of a prospective, randomized comparison.
AB  - The displaced femoral neck fracture poses difficult decision-making issues for
      the orthopedic surgeon. Young patients frequently require a rapid open reduction
      and rigid internal fixation in the face of multiple associated injuries. Elderly
      patients present the typical decision dilemma of internal fixation versus
      arthroplasty. Consecutive, randomized, prospective series of cases for evaluation
      of alternatives in the treatment of this difficult fracture are lacking. Between
      1982 and 1984, 34 elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were
      randomized to open reduction or hemiarthroplasty study groups. Although the
      surgical risks are relatively high, two-year observations showed better
      functional results in the cemented hemiarthroplasty group.

PMID- 3365886
TI  - Concurrent lumbar spinal stenosis and peripheral vascular disease. A report of
      nine patients.
AB  - Intermittent claudication from peripheral vascular disease is sometimes difficult
      to distinguish from neurogenic claudication secondary to lumbar spinal stenosis.
      Of 172 patients with symptoms of claudication and lumbar spinal stenosis proved
      by myelography or computed tomography (CT), nine had peripheral vascular disease
      identified with ultrasonography and arteriography. All of the nine patients had a
      laminectomy performed to decompress the narrow spinal canal, and two had an
      additional posterolateral fusion. Two patients were treated with an excision of
      their abdominal aortic aneurysm, while one of those patients later required a
      bypass graft for iliac stenosis. One patient had had an aortofemoral bypass
      graft, one a femoropopliteal graft, and one a lumbar sympathectomy. Follow-up
      study ranged from three to eight years, with an average of five years after their
      last surgical procedure. Paresthesias generally dissipated after the spinal
      surgery. The cramping-type discomfort associated with walking was not easily
      attributed either to vascular or a neurogenic etiology. Five patients had initial
      weakness, which invariably improved. A secondary etiology contributing to
      claudication must be excluded in those patients with persistent discomfort
      following previous lumbar spinal or vascular surgery for arterial insufficiency.

PMID- 3365887
TI  - A modified technique for cervical facet fusions.
AB  - Posterior facet fusion of the cervical spine has been described in the literature
      as a method of obtaining fusion when posterior elements are deficient because of
      previous laminectomy or trauma. The technique, as originally described, includes
      anchoring autologeneic struts of corticocancellous bone to the cervical spine
      with wires passed through drill holes in the inferior articular facets around the
      struts of bone graft. When long facet fusions are required, however, it may be
      impossible to obtain adequate length and shape of the grafts to bridge the
      desired fusion area. A technique is described that eliminates this problem by
      substituting thin Harrington compression rods for the autologeneic
      corticocancellous struts, and using cancellous and corticocancellous bone graft
      to achieve fusion.

PMID- 3365888
TI  - The pathogenesis of extensive discovertebral destruction in ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - The study of extensive discovertebral destructive lesions in ankylosing
      spondylitis has been largely limited to isolated case reports or
      clinicoroentgenologic reviews with little pathologic correlation. In eight
      specimens of the spine collected from 35 patients with ankylosing spondylitis
      showing extensive discovetebral destructive lesions, a detailed pathologic study
      revealed a consistent picture of complete or near-complete destruction of the
      disc-bone border and the intervertebral disc. The disc was replaced by fibrous
      tissue and/or fibrocartilage showing moderate to severe fibrinoid necrosis and
      cystic degeneration. Such changes are characteristic of pseudarthrosis, which may
      follow either fracture or degeneration of the disc perpetuated by abnormal stress
      and motion. The reparative process included fibrovascular tissue proliferation
      from the vertebral bone marrow. Fibrovascular tissue also perforated the
      vertebral end-plate and intervertebral spaces resulting in massive discovertebral
      destruction. Pathologic observations strongly implicate mechanical trauma and
      pseudarthrosis as initiating and perpetuating extensive discovertebral
      destruction in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3365889
TI  - Technique for patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The proper size of the patellar component for a total knee arthroplasty can be
      determined with the use of a caliper. The thickness of the patella is measured
      prior to removing the articular surface and again after the trial component has
      been inserted into the patella. The measurements should be approximately the same
      in thickness. It is important to select the proper patellar component to avoid
      loss of flexion of the knee, a very prominent patella, and postoperative
      subluxation of the patella.

PMID- 3365890
TI  - Fracture of the patella after total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - Patellar fracture after knee arthroplasty was found in 11 patients (12 knees)
      during a 15-year period. Causes of this fracture include trauma, technical
      factors, and biophysical factors. The incidence of this infrequent complication
      was significantly increased after patella resurfacing and revision arthroplasty.
      Minimally displaced, non-comminuted fractures were immobilized, whereas
      displaced, comminuted fractures with loose patellar prostheses were treated
      operatively. At a mean follow-up period of 28 months, the average knee score was
      75 points. The average arc of motion was 87 degrees, and six of the 11 patients
      have returned to their prefracture functional level. Treatment should be
      individualized on the basis of fracture displacement, comminution, and button
      fixation.

PMID- 3365891
TI  - A comparative study of extramedullary and intramedullary alignment systems in
      total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - A prospective study was performed to compare the alignment after total knee
      arthroplasty (TKA) using two different alignment systems: an intramedullary
      system versus an extramedullary system. These two systems were alternately used
      to make the distal femoral resection in 50 patients. There was little difference
      between the two systems in achieving appropriate valgus of the distal femoral cut
      and a correct angle of tibiofemoral valgus.

PMID- 3365892
TI  - GUEPAR unicompartmental Lotus prosthesis for single-compartment femorotibial
      arthrosis. A five- to nine-year follow-up study.
AB  - The results of 52 Groupe d'utilisation et d'experimentation des prostheses
      articulaires (GUEPAR) unicompartmental Lotus knee prostheses implanted for
      osteoarthritis of the knee are analyzed with a follow-up time exceeding five
      years (five to nine years). Thirty-five knees had no weight-bearing pain, six
      knees had slight pain, three knees had moderate pain, and eight knees had
      revisions. Except for one complication from infection, all the poor results
      (eight revisions and three knees with moderate pain) in terms of pain can be
      explained by mechanical causes, i.e., femorotibial subluxation, loosening of the
      tibial component, or narrowing of the nonprosthetic femorotibial space. Because
      the cause of these poor results appears to be due to malposition of the
      prosthesis component, or to components that are too thick with an inadequate
      mechanical axis, the precision of the surgical procedure is important.

PMID- 3365893
TI  - High tibial osteotomy.
AB  - The results of high tibial osteotomy performed in a 12-year period in 75 patients
      (88 knees) were followed for at least five years or until failure occurred. Of
      the 86 knees available for subjective follow-up evaluation, 64 were in men and 22
      were in women. Roentgenographic data were available for 75 knees. The results
      were rated good (no or minimal pain, occasional analgesics required, slight
      limitation of activity), fair (regular analgesics required, noticeable decrease
      in activity), poor (moderate to severe pain, marked decrease in activity), or
      failed (arthroplasty required). On the basis of these definitions, 51% of the
      results were good, 9% were fair, 4% were poor, and 36% were failed. Results were
      satisfactory in 94% at two years, 87% at five years, and 69% at ten years. The
      absolute amount of angular correction did not correlate with the results. The
      change in axial alignment with time was unpredictable. Gender and age of patient
      were not factors in the outcome, although women seemed to require a longer period
      to become support-free. Better long-term results were obtained if the correction
      was to 10 degrees or more of anatomic valgus.

PMID- 3365894
TI  - Metatarsal head resection for rheumatoid deformities of the forefoot.
AB  - Thirty-five feet in 21 patients, who had had metatarsal head resection for
      painful rheumatoid forefoot deformities, were analyzed retrospectively. All
      patients but one were allowed to ambulate 48 hours after surgery. The follow-up
      period averaged 29 months. A grading system was devised to assess the clinical
      results based upon pain relief, capacity to ambulate, shoe wear, cosmesis, and
      use of walking aids. Using this system, the results were 46% excellent, 34% good,
      17% fair, and 3% poor. One patient developed a superficial wound infection, which
      healed uneventfully. Bony impingement was observed on follow-up roentgenograms of
      67% of the resectional arthroplasties. This finding was generally asymptomatic,
      and it did not correlate with the clinical outcome. Smooth wire fixation was used
      in some of the feet, but it did not improve the results either
      roentgenographically or clinically.

PMID- 3365895
TI  - Results of 21 Wagner limb lengthenings in 20 patients.
AB  - Roentgenograms and charts were reviewed on 20 patients (average age: 13.2 years)
      who had 21 Wagner limb lengthenings since 1975. Lengthenings included 15 femora
      (six acquired, eight congenital, and one fibrous dysplasia), four tibiae, and two
      humeri (one acquired and one congenital). Average femoral lengthening was 6.6 cm;
      tibial, 5.9 cm; and humeral, 9.7 cm. Lengthening of femora with congenital
      shortening (6.5 cm) was nearly the same as femora with acquired shortening (6.8
      cm), and 85% of all lengthenings were greater than 5 cm. Humeri were lengthened
      more than 50%. Seventy-two percent of patients were in the 50th percentile or
      less of stature; 61% were in the 15th percentile or less of stature. Seventy-five
      percent had complications, with 65% having more than one major complication: pin
      tract and superficial infections in 40%; deep infections in 20%. All infections
      were in femoral lengthenings. Nonunion occurred in two patients (10%), and
      fracture after plate removal in two patients (10%). Five patients (25%) had nerve
      palsies, and four of these resolved without treatment. Malunion rate was 20%.
      Five patients developed joint contractures. Complications did not correlate with
      amount of lengthening but congenital deformities had a higher incidence of
      complication. Eleven patients required 19 additional procedures necessitated by
      the lengthening procedure. Wagner leg lengthening is generally recommended when
      amputation is only other surgical alternative and a full, complete informed
      consent is given to the parents and patient.

PMID- 3365896
TI  - Intranasal salmon calcitonin treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Results in
      nine patients.
AB  - To ascertain whether salmon calcitonin, usually given parenterally, could control
      active Paget's disease when given by nasal insufflation, intranasal salmon
      calcitonin (INSC) was given to nine men with Paget's disease whose serum alkaline
      phosphatase (SAP) levels were elevated twofold or more. Treatment with 100, 200,
      and 400 IU/day for three to nine months was well tolerated. SAP fell 31%-51% in
      three patients and more than 20% in two others. Three of four men who had
      previously received salmon calcitonin (SC) by injection had no response of SAP
      but had a rise in antibodies to SC. INSC is mildly effective and more convenient
      than parenteral SC, but dose response and efficacy relative to parenteral SC have
      not been established, thereby raising questions of cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 3365897
TI  - Separation and purification of porcine bone morphogenetic protein.
AB  - Porcine bone morphogenetic protein (pBMP) was separated and purified from porcine
      bone by repeated solubilization and precipitation of the protein with different
      concentrations of urea and GuHCl. The molecular weight of pBMP was determined to
      be 19.7 k. The property of inductive osteogenesis of pBMP caused new bone
      formation in muscular and subcutaneous tissues of strain No. 615 mice. Osteoid
      tissues were observed as early as ten days after implantation of pBMP, and
      lamellated new bones with marrow cavities were first found on the 15th day of
      implantation. A gradual transformation of mesenchymal-type cells into active
      chondroblasts and osteoblasts and finally into heterotopic new bone was observed
      and studied histologically and ultrastructurally.

PMID- 3365898
TI  - An investigation of the routes of venous drainage from the bone marrow of the
      human tibial diaphysis.
AB  - The routes of venous drainage from the diaphyseal marrow of the human tibia have
      been investigated by roentgenologic techniques following perfusion with an
      aqueous barium sulphate suspension. Plain roentgenographs immediately after
      perfusion revealed that the dye promptly escaped from the marrow into the general
      systemic circulation through a number of large transcortical routes. The
      periosteal veins were shown as a delicate network of venules lying on the
      external surface of the shaft. The perfused dye appeared diffusely scattered
      throughout the whole width of the medullary canal and extended from metaphysis to
      metaphysis suggesting the marrow to be an open circulatory system with ill
      defined boundaries. A central venous sinus, as commonly perceived, was not
      demonstrated. Microradiographs revealed an extensive network of cortical
      sinusoids and venules that were continuous with similar vessels within the marrow
      and on the external surface of the bone. The injected dye also perfused the
      haversian venules. Intersinusoidal shunts, fine efferent vessels that did not
      combine to form larger venules, were observed within the marrow. The principal
      nutrient veins and their radicles were not demonstrated by this technique.

PMID- 3365899
TI  - An in vitro study of the structural properties of deep-frozen versus freeze
      dried, ethylene oxide-sterilized canine anterior cruciate ligament bone-ligament
      bone preparations.
AB  - The effect of two preparation and storage methods on the structural properties of
      canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bone-ligament-bone preparations was
      determined. In Group 1, one knee joint from each dog was tested after storage at 
      70 degrees for eight to 12 weeks. In Group 2, one knee joint from each dog was
      sterilized using ethylene oxide, freeze-dried, and then stored at room
      temperature for four to five weeks prior to mechanical testing. In both groups,
      the contralateral joint was tested fresh and used as a control. The bone-ligament
      bone preparations were loaded in tension until failure and the load at failure,
      stiffness, and maximum elongation were measured. No preparation method caused a
      significant decline in breaking strength. In both groups, however, there was a
      significant increase in elongation at failure noted in the test specimens. This
      was accompanied, in Group 1 (deep-frozen), by a significant decrease in stiffness
      in the test joints. A similar trend toward decreased stiffness was observed in
      the test joints from Group 2 (freeze-dried).

PMID- 3365900
TI  - Painful scoliosis secondary to an osteoid osteoma of the rib.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl with painful scoliosis was found to have an osteoid osteoma
      involving the body of the left seventh rib. Excision of the tumor was facilitated
      by intraoperative bone scanning that precisely located its position. Following
      surgery, preoperative pain was completely relieved and the spinal curvature had
      partially regressed. The importance of early diagnosis and excision of tumors is
      emphasized to prevent the establishment of a permanent structural scoliosis.

PMID- 3365901
TI  - The relationship between extracellular matrix vesicles and the calcifying front
      on the 21st day after injury to rat tibial bone.
AB  - The relationship between extracellular matrix vesicles and the calcifying fronts
      was examined by studying vesicular diameters and types. Transmission electron
      microscopy combined with computerized morphometry three weeks after injury to the
      tibial bone in rats was used. The different vesicle types were defined as: (1)
      vesicles with electron lucent contents referred to as empty; (2) vesicles with
      amorphous electron opaque contents, called amorphic; (3) vesicles containing
      crystalline depositions, called crystalline; and (4) vesicles containing
      crystalline structures with ruptured membranes, referred to as ruptured. The
      diameters of most vesicles ranged between 0.07 and 0.17 micron. More than 95% of
      the vesicles were located less than 2 micron from the calcified front. The
      vesicles were distributed among the categories as follows: empty, 9.6%; amorphic,
      19.3%; crystal, 39.2%; and ruptured, 31.9%, respectively. The diameters of the
      crystalline and ruptured vesicles were significantly larger than those of the
      empty and amorphic types. The ruptured type had the largest diameters. The
      sequence of distances from the calcified front was recorded as follows: ruptured,
      crystalline, amorphic, and empty, with the ruptured and crystalline types being
      the closest to the front. This study supports the accepted theory on matrix
      vesicle mineralization. The cell is responsible for secretion of empty vesicles
      that accumulate amorphous Ca and Pi to form a hydroxyapatite crystal. This is
      followed by rupture of the vesicular membrane. The propagation of the process is
      accompanied by an increase in the vesicular diameter and its approximation to the
      calcifying front.

PMID- 3365902
TI  - Displaced acetabular fractures.
AB  - Displaced acetabular fractures occur primarily in young adults involved in high
      energy trauma and can lead to disabling posttraumatic arthritis. An initial
      roentgenographic evaluation with accurate delineation of all fracture lines
      provides the key to decisions about whether to give closed or open treatment.
      When open treatment is indicated, a surgical approach can be chosen that will
      almost always lead to reduction without the necessity of a second approach. The
      authors have found that the Kocher-Langenbeck, ilioinguinal, and extended
      iliofemoral approaches are the most useful. A fracture table and specialized
      reduction instruments aid fracture reduction and fixation. Satisfactory operative
      reduction of the fracture is the factor that correlates best with a satisfactory
      clinical result. The rate of satisfactory operative reductions improved gradually
      over the first 50 operations of a prospective study of 121 displaced acetabular
      fractures. Overall, there were 80% satisfactory clinical results in this series.
      Complications included a 3% infection rate and a 5% incidence of nerve palsy.
      Open reduction and internal fixation are indicated for the majority of displaced
      fractures. However, closed treatment can produce satisfactory results in selected
      patients.

PMID- 3365903
TI  - Severe open tibial fractures. Results treating 202 injuries with external
      fixation.
AB  - Grade III open tibial fractures are known for frequent complications and poor
      clinical results, yet published series are few and cite conflicting results. To
      address this dilemma, the authors report a prospective study of 202 consecutive
      Grade III tibial fractures. All injuries were treated under protocol at the
      authors' university with primary external fixation and serial debridement.
      Equinus deformity was prevented with a new tibiometatarsal frame extension.
      Severe injuries crossing the ankle or knee were temporarily stabilized with
      external fixation across these joints. Staged reconstruction of soft tissue and
      then bone was undertaken for 176 of these tibias in patients who survived their
      multiple injuries. Reconstructive procedures included skin grafts in 57%, muscle
      flaps in 32%, and bone grafts in 28%. Gastrosoleus myocutaneous flaps were
      successful in 92% of cases versus 66% for free flaps. Late follow-up data were
      obtained for 171 (97%). Infection occurred in 15% and led to amputation in 7%.
      The infection rate was reduced to 9% in the second half of the series largely by
      removal of all necrotic bone prior to wound coverage. Angulation (greater than 10
      degrees) in 9% and delayed union were lessened with early posterolateral grafting
      followed by progressive fracture loading in the fixator. A 9% incidence of pin
      tract drainage or loosening was reduced with predrilling and diaphyseal half
      pins. The time to fixator removal averaged 87 days. Ninety-three percent of the
      fractures united (median time, nine months) but healing times varied widely
      according to the amount of tissue injury and bone loss. Eighty-nine percent had
      satisfactory late clinical function. Results from this study, the largest series
      of open Grade III tibial fractures reported to date, suggest that successful
      staged reconstruction is now a reasonable expectation for most of these severe
      injuries.

PMID- 3365904
TI  - Measles in Zaire: 1987.
AB  - Despite widespread efforts to prevent measles, a measles epidemic raged in Zaire
      during 1986 and early 1987. Hospitalized patients were studied with the goals of
      better understanding the weakness of the current efforts and of suggesting
      improvements in the local practice of primary health care. One hundred seventy
      five patients were hospitalized with measles or measles complications between
      October 1986 and February 1987 at the Evangelical Medical Center in northeastern
      Zaire. Ten percent died. Most patients were young (but older than 15 months) and
      poorly nourished. All patients were incompletely vaccinated. A changed vaccine
      schedule is proposed, and more thorough application of primary health care
      measures is encouraged.

PMID- 3365905
TI  - Strategies for reducing inappropriate after-hours telephone calls.
AB  - It is essential for pediatricians to allow telephone access after office hours,
      but the volume and the nature of such calls is occasionally resented. This study
      tests the hypothesis that employment of two interventional strategies could
      reduce the number of after-hours calls without an increase in emergency room
      visits. The interventions were: 1) an educational program; and later, 2) a
      recorded message that revealed the phone number for a second call to reach the
      pediatrician. The call rate remained the same before and after the educational
      intervention alone, but after the recorded message was inaugurated, the rate
      declined 28 percent. After-hours emergency room visits were similar before and
      after each intervention. This study suggests a simple strategy to modestly reduce
      after-hours calls.

PMID- 3365907
TI  - Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. Unusual manifestations with hydrops of the
      gallbladder.
AB  - Henoch-Schonlein Syndrome (HSS) is characterized by the presence of purpuric skin
      lesions, colicky abdominal pain, renal manifestations, and arthritis. We report a
      case complicated by several unusual manifestations, including hydrops of the
      gallbladder and extreme thrombocytosis. Gallbladder hydrops has been known to
      occur in association with several conditions including Kawasaki syndrome, scarlet
      fever, and leptospirosis, but no previous report of this occurring in a patient
      with HSS could be found. The hydrops in our patient resolved spontaneously
      without specific medical or surgical treatment.

PMID- 3365906
TI  - The reliability of calculated bicarbonate in clinical practice.
AB  - Current clinical laboratory methods utilize the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to
      calculate plasma bicarbonate from measured pH and pCO2. This practice assumes
      that the apparent first dissociation constant for carbon dioxide in serum, pK'1,
      is invariable in clinical situations. This assumption has been questioned
      recently. Our study examined arterial blood samples from 50 acutely ill patients
      who were routinely sent for blood gas analysis. The pH and pCO2 were measured on
      a blood gas analyzer and the total CO2 was determined on the same blood sample
      using a microgasometer. The calculated pK'1 from these parameters was 6.10 +/-
      0.018 (m +/- SD) with a range of 6.06 to 6.15. This amount of variability could
      be explained by the error in the methods. The correlation for calculated to
      measured total CO2 was y = 094x + 1.81, r = 0.98, p less than 0.001. These
      findings indicate that pK'1 is functionally fixed in clinical practice and that
      the methods used to calculate serum bicarbonate are acceptable.

PMID- 3365908
TI  - A practical approach to diagnosis and immediate care of the cyanotic neonate.

PMID- 3365909
TI  - How to become a practical physician.

PMID- 3365911
TI  - Middle ear effusion and airplane trips.

PMID- 3365910
TI  - Iron supplementation in cyanotic congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3365912
TI  - Hepatic safety of two analgesics used over the counter: ibuprofen and aspirin.
AB  - We evaluated the potential hepatic toxicity of ibuprofen, aspirin, and oxaprozin
      in 1468 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by slightly
      modifying an algorithm that was developed to evaluate the drug relatedness of
      renal toxicity associated with therapeutic doses of these agents in the same
      population. Ibuprofen proved to be the safest of these nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs; it was associated with no AST elevation that was
      considered probably drug related as determined by application of the algorithm to
      laboratory values and information from case report forms. The frequency of
      probably drug-related AST elevations was highest (5%) with aspirin; with
      oxaprozin, an investigational nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, the incidence
      (3%) fell between that for the other two agents. Thus our findings on the hepatic
      safety of ibuprofen are consistent with those in the medical literature.

PMID- 3365913
TI  - Stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen enantiomers in synovial fluid.
AB  - The simultaneous disposition of the enantiomers of ibuprofen in synovial fluid
      and plasma was studied in eight patients with arthritis. Concentrations of the
      active S-enantiomer in synovial fluid exceeded those of the R-enantiomer at all
      times in all patients with the ratio of S to R concentrations being 2.1 +/- 0.3
      (mean +/- SE). Synovial fluid concentrations fluctuated much less than in plasma
      and exceeded plasma concentrations from 5.4 +/- 0.3 hours for R-ibuprofen and 5.5
      +/- 0.6 hours for S-ibuprofen. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that, although
      the enantiomers diffuse into synovial fluid primarily in the unbound form, there
      may be significant diffusion of the enantiomers out of synovial fluid in the
      protein-bound form in some patients. Interpatient differences in the disposition
      of the enantiomers of ibuprofen in synovial fluid were evident and may contribute
      to the interindividual variability in response to treatment with ibuprofen.

PMID- 3365914
TI  - Changes in rate and pattern of caffeine metabolism after cigarette abstinence.
AB  - Caffeine metabolism is known to be accelerated in cigarette smokers, but the
      effects of smoking on the kinetics and pattern of metabolism in a daily
      consumption pattern have not been described. We investigated the effects of
      tobacco abstinence on the rate and pattern of caffeine metabolism in nine
      habitual smokers who consumed six cups of coffee per day, each cup containing 2
      mg/kg caffeine. Abstinence from smoking for 4 days resulted in a 46% increase in
      the 24-hour AUC. Thus, significant, although probably not complete, normalization
      of the enzyme-inducing effects of cigarette smoking can be seen after 4 days
      abstinence. During abstinence, 24-hour urine ratios of dimethylxanthines to
      caffeine and mono-dimethylxanthines to dimethylxanthines were reduced, suggesting
      that cigarette smoking accelerates both demethylation steps. Other metabolic
      pathways were unaffected.

PMID- 3365915
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of imipramine and desipramine in alcoholics and normal
      volunteers.
AB  - Recently detoxified men with alcohol dependence (n = 15) and healthy volunteers
      (n = 14) were administered oral and intravenous imipramine and desipramine.
      Alcoholics had significantly greater total body clearance of imipramine (0.93 vs.
      0.48 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05) and desipramine (1.00 vs. 0.62 L/hr/kg; P less
      than 0.05) than did control subjects. Intrinsic clearance of unbound imipramine
      was greater in the alcoholic group (19.80 vs. 6.56 L/hr/kg; P less than 0.05), as
      was the intrinsic clearance of unbound desipramine (14.52 vs. 9.05 L/hr/kg; P
      less than 0.05). The mean elimination half-life for imipramine was significantly
      decreased in alcoholics (8.7 vs. 19.9 hours after intravenous infusion and 10.9
      vs. 19.6 hours after oral administration; P less than 0.05). The mean elimination
      half-life for desipramine was decreased in alcoholics after intravenous infusion
      (16.5 vs. 22.4 hours; P less than 0.05). Unbound fractions of drug in plasma were
      decreased in the alcoholic group for both imipramine and desipramine after both
      routes of administration. alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein levels were elevated in the
      alcoholic group whereas total protein and albumin levels did not differ between
      groups. These findings suggest that recently detoxified alcoholics may require
      higher doses of imipramine than do nonalcoholic subjects. Desipramine clearance
      was affected to a lesser degree than imipramine, suggesting that from a
      pharmacokinetic standpoint it may be the preferred drug for the treatment of
      alcoholics with depression. Periodic monitoring of plasma levels may be required
      for recently abstinent alcoholics treated with antidepressants.

PMID- 3365917
TI  - Rimantadine pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and patients with end-stage
      renal failure.
AB  - The single-dose (two 100 mg doses) pharmacokinetics of rimantadine hydrochloride
      were compared in eight patients with end-stage renal disease who were on
      hemodialysis and seven age-matched healthy subjects. Plasma and urine rimantadine
      concentrations were determined by a GC/MS method. The plasma half-life (43.6 vs
      27.5 hours) and AUC (9.9 +/- 2.1 vs 6.0 +/- 1.6 micrograms.hr/ml) were
      significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in the patient population. No
      significant differences were noted in the maximum rimantadine concentration, time
      of maximum concentration, or apparent volume of distribution. Urinary excretion
      of unchanged rimantadine accounted for 16% of the dose in the healthy subjects.
      Hemodialysis did not appreciably remove rimantadine. These findings suggest that
      rimantadine dosage may need to be reduced in patients with end-stage renal
      disease but supplemental doses on dialysis days are not required.

PMID- 3365916
TI  - A double-blind study of diflunisal and codeine compared with codeine or
      diflunisal alone in postoperative pain.
AB  - A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study compared the analgesic efficacy
      of a single oral dose of 500 mg diflunisal, 60 mg codeine, 500 mg diflunisal plus
      60 mg codeine given as separate agents, and placebo in 161 patients with moderate
      to severe postoperative pain. Standard subjective measures were used to evaluate
      analgesia. Eight-hour sum of pain intensity differences and total pain relief
      scores for all active treatments were significantly better than were those for
      placebo (p less than 0.05). Diflunisal plus codeine performed the best followed
      by diflunisal, codeine, and placebo. Diflunisal plus codeine was better than
      placebo from 1 1/2 to 8 hours (p less than 0.01), better than codeine from 1 1/2
      to 6 hours (p less than 0.05), and better than diflunisal alone from 1/2 to 1 1/2
      hours (p less than 0.05) for most measures of analgesia. Factorial analysis
      demonstrated a significant early codeine effect and a significant diflunisal
      effect throughout. No significant treatment group differences were observed
      regarding adverse effects. Our data demonstrate that diflunisal plus codeine is
      generally well tolerated and provides analgesia superior to that of diflunisal or
      codeine alone in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative pain.

PMID- 3365918
TI  - Vancomycin pharmacokinetics, renal handling, and nonrenal clearances in normal
      human subjects.
AB  - The renal handling of vancomycin is unknown. Previously reported studies have not
      achieved steady-state conditions with constant vancomycin concentrations. We
      measured systemic vancomycin clearance simultaneously with the renal clearances
      of vancomycin, creatinine, inulin, and para-aminohippurate in nine healthy
      subjects at steady-state serum vancomycin concentrations of 7 and 14 mg/L. For
      all steady-state observations the renal clearance of vancomycin was 89 +/- 11
      ml/min (mean +/- SE), the clearance of inulin 105 +/- 9 ml/min, the clearance of
      creatinine 117 +/- 9 ml/min, and the clearance of para-aminohippuric acid 496 +/-
      41 ml/min. The systemic clearance of vancomycin was 131 +/- 7 ml/min. The
      clearances of creatinine, inulin, and para-aminohippuric acid and the renal
      clearance of vancomycin were not statistically different at both steady-state
      vancomycin concentrations. The ratio of the renal clearance of vancomycin to the
      clearance of inulin was 0.89 +/- 0.06 and to creatinine clearance 0.79 +/- 0.05.
      Both ratios were independent of vancomycin concentration, urine flow rate, and
      filtration fraction. The systemic clearance of vancomycin was 10% greater at
      serum vancomycin concentrations of 14 mg/L than at 7 mg/L (p less than 0.05)
      because of an increase in the nonrenal clearance. Therefore in healthy subjects,
      30% of the systemic vancomycin clearance is by nonrenal mechanisms and this
      nonrenal clearance is concentration dependent. Assuming protein binding to be
      between 10% and 20%, renal vancomycin excretion is predominantly by glomerular
      filtration. Small amounts of tubular vancomycin transport cannot be excluded by
      these techniques.

PMID- 3365919
TI  - Inhibition of desipramine 2-hydroxylation by quinidine and quinine.
AB  - Urinary excretion of desipramine (DMI) and 2-hydroxydesipramine (2-OH-DMI) after
      single oral doses of 25 mg DMI was investigated in seven rapid and three slow
      debrisoquin hydroxylators, before and after pretreatment with either quinidine or
      its diastereoisomer quinine. After treatment with 800 mg quinidine daily for 2
      days, excretion of 2-OH-DMI decreased by 96% in rapid hydroxylators and 68% in
      slow hydroxylators. After treatment with 750 mg quinine/day for 2 days, excretion
      of 2-OH-DMI in rapid hydroxylators was 54% lower than during the control
      experiment, whereas in slow hydroxylators no significant changes in the excretion
      pattern were observed. Unchanged DMI constituted only a minor fraction of
      recovered drug and no significant changes in its recovery were observed in either
      phenotypic group after pretreatment with quinidine or quinine. Thus both
      quinidine and quinine decreased the excretion of 2-OH-DMI. At similar does the
      effect of quinidine was much stronger than that of quinine, virtually
      transforming rapid hydroxylators into slow hydroxylators. The mechanism probably
      involves a stereoselective inhibition of DMI 2-hydroxylation.

PMID- 3365920
TI  - Bioavailability of low-dose vs high-dose 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - The bioavailability of oral 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) at standard doses is very low,
      largely as a result of extensive first-pass metabolism by xanthine oxidase. Fewer
      than one third of patients achieve 6MP plasma concentrations known to be
      cytocidal in vitro (greater than 1 mumol/L). Studies in vitro have suggested that
      first-pass metabolism can be saturated at higher doses of 6MP. To determine
      whether saturation occurs in vivo at clinically used doses and whether
      bioavailability can be enhanced by increasing the dose, the bioavailability of
      different doses of 6MP was studied first in rhesus monkeys and then in children
      with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission. In monkeys a higher dose of 6MP
      resulted in enhanced bioavailability, whereas in patients the mean relative
      bioavailability at the higher dose was significantly less. However, all patients
      achieved cytocidal (greater than 1 to 10 mumol/L) plasma concentrations at the
      higher dose without manifesting significant clinical toxicity. Therefore
      cytocidal levels of 6MP can be achieved in patients with oral 6MP without the
      risk of unexpectedly high levels caused by saturation of first-pass metabolism.

PMID- 3365921
TI  - What every employer of health care workers needs to know.

PMID- 3365922
TI  - Magnesium gluconate can be used as oral supplement.

PMID- 3365923
TI  - Suspected gentamicin allergy could be sulfite sensitivity.

PMID- 3365924
TI  - Delivery of gentamicin by a controlled-release infusion system versus a minibag
      system.
AB  - Delivery of gentamicin via a new controlled-release intravenous infusion system
      was compared with conventional delivery via small-volume injections in minibags
      by measuring serum drug concentrations in 10 healthy men. Each volunteer received
      gentamicin (as the sulfate salt) 2 mg/kg. In phase 1, subjects randomly received
      the drug either as a 50-mL admixture in 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or from the
      controlled-release system (CRIS, IVAC Corporation), in which drug was diluted in
      a vial with 10 mL of sterile water for injection (density of drug solution,
      approximately 1.5% w/v) and was delivered when the primary solution (D5W;
      density, 5% w/v) displaced drug from the vial and infused it into the subject
      over 30 min; subjects were then crossed over. In phase 2, nine of the subjects
      received the drug via CRIS with the diluent changed to 10 mL of 5% dextrose and
      0.9% sodium chloride injection (D5NS; density of drug solution, approximately
      5.9% w/v). In phase 3, 10 men (seven of the original subjects) received the
      gentamicin dose via CRIS with 20 mL of D5NS as the diluent or via minibags in a
      crossover design. The amount of drug remaining in each vial used with the CRIS
      system was determined. Drug administration via CRIS with 10 mL of sterile water
      diluent resulted in serum concentrations approximately 35% of those obtained with
      the minibag system, and a substantial portion (71 +/- 8%) of the dose to be
      administered remained in the vials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3365925
TI  - Simulated effect of gentamicin assay errors on calculated pharmacokinetic values.
AB  - The effects of errors in gentamicin concentrations were assessed using computer
      simulation. Steady-state concentrations at the end of a one-hour infusion (Cmax)
      and at the end of the dosing interval (Cmin) were calculated for four simulated
      patients with three dosing schemes each. Errors from -80% to +80% were
      systematically induced in Cmax or Cmin, or both. Pharmacokinetic values were
      calculated from the error concentrations and then used to determine new dosing
      regimens given specific desired concentrations. True Cmax and Cmin values were
      calculated using the new dosing regimens and original pharmacokinetic values. As
      the absolute value of the induced error increased, increases were generally seen
      in the absolute value of the resultant error and in the deviation of the true
      Cmax and Cmin from desired values. Resultant error was more evident with induced
      error less than zero, when error was induced into Cmax, and with shorter dosing
      intervals. Resultant error in pharmacokinetic variables was greater than induced
      error at induced errors as low as +/- 5%. Toxic and suboptimal values for the
      true Cmax and Cmin rarely occurred with induced errors of -20% to +20%. Errors in
      serum gentamicin concentration measurements are more likely to cause larger
      resultant errors as the errors in concentration values (1) increase in magnitude,
      (2) result in underreporting of the concentration values, or (3) affect peak
      concentration values. Shorter dosing intervals may also increase the influence of
      assay errors.

PMID- 3365926
TI  - Evaluation of lithium-tetracycline interaction.

PMID- 3365927
TI  - Effect of ranitidine and cimetidine on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3365928
TI  - Continuous infusion of midazolam hydrochloride to control status epilepticus.

PMID- 3365929
TI  - Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in a 3-year-old infant due to anti-Rx
      (previously anti-Sdx).

PMID- 3365930
TI  - Therapeutic control of anticoagulation: how important is patient education?

PMID- 3365931
TI  - Hydroxyprolinuria and hypercalcaemia during immobilization in patients with
      idiopathic myelofibrosis.
AB  - Two of three patients with bone pains and hydroxyprolinuria due to idiopathic
      myelofibrosis developed hypercalcaemia during periods of immobilization. This
      responded rapidly to cytotoxic therapy with busulphan. Hydroxyproline excretion
      in the urine was increased compared to ambulant patients with the same disease.
      These previously unreported findings suggest that immobilization can produce
      rapid, generalized bone resorption in patients with myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3365932
TI  - A cluster of three cases of aplastic anaemia in children.
AB  - During a 2-week period three unrelated children presented with severe aplastic
      anaemia at a general hospital serving a population of 25,000 children aged 0-15
      years. The probability of this occurring by chance alone was 0.00009 (exact
      probability cluster analysis). Serology for common viral infections including
      hepatitis A & B and infectious mononucleosis was negative. It was not possible to
      demonstrate IgM antibodies to human parvovirus (HPV) by radioimmunoprecipitation
      or HPV virions by DNA hybridization in the patients or any members of their
      families. Epidemiological investigation failed to demonstrate a common
      environmental toxin. It did reveal, however, that all three patients had spent
      time, within the preceding 3 months in a swimming pool and its surrounding area
      in a region of Cardiff where none of them resided. Pool maintenance was
      satisfactory and water analysis showed no abnormality. The possibility must
      remain that the cluster was caused by an undisclosed environmental toxin.

PMID- 3365933
TI  - The reliability of international normalized ratios during short-term oral
      anticoagulant treatment.
AB  - The reliability of the international normalized ratios (INR) system in the
      induction phase of coumarin administration has been studied in 15 serial patients
      over the first 7-40 days of treatment (mean 13.1). The INR results obtained with
      a variety of thromboplastin reagents have been compared with those obtained with
      the WHO second primary IRP, BCT/253. A wide divergence of INR values was observed
      with the various thromboplastins on each day of testing. INR values cannot
      therefore be relied upon with some of these reagents in the early days of
      anticoagulant treatment. This probably arises from the difference in responses of
      the thromboplastins to depression of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
      Consistent deviations from the IRP suggested that additional error may be due to
      inaccurate calibration of their products by the manufacturers. When the slopes of
      the sensitivity of the individual reagents to clotting factors II, VII and X were
      compared, however, results overall more closely approximated to those of the IRP
      when the INR were substituted for simple prothrombin ratios.

PMID- 3365934
TI  - Guidelines for haemoglobinopathy screening. The British Society for Haematology.

PMID- 3365935
TI  - Fatal splenic sequestration in adult sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3365936
TI  - Differential diagnosis and treatment of pigmented skin lesions.
AB  - As a result of our improved understanding of the biologic importance of the
      various forms of pigmented skin lesions, we now have the ability to distinguish
      troublesome spots from those having no medical importance. These circumstances
      parallel an astronomical rise in the incidence of malignant melanoma. When
      evaluating the skin, attention to the concepts presented here will allow a high
      degree of accuracy in classifying moles in the benign or malignant category. For
      the most part, consideration of the lesion's border, shape, color, and size
      provides sufficient information with which to decide when a biopsy is warranted.
      Moles should never be destroyed by burning or freezing. If they are important
      enough to be removed, histologic verification of their nature must be obtained.

PMID- 3365937
TI  - Children's use of mutual exclusivity to constrain the meanings of words.

PMID- 3365938
TI  - Context and structure in conceptual combination.

PMID- 3365939
TI  - Mental models of mechanical systems: individual differences in qualitative and
      quantitative reasoning.

PMID- 3365940
TI  - Conceptual masking: how one picture captures attention from another picture.

PMID- 3365941
TI  - Constraints on nest site selection: a comparison of predator and flood avoidance
      in four species of marsh-nesting birds (genera: Catoptrophorus, Larus, Rallus,
      and Sterna).
AB  - Nest site characteristics associated with flood and predator avoidance were
      compared for four nonpasserine species of marsh-nesting birds: clapper rails,
      willets, laughing gulls, and common terns. Species with short nests, willets and
      terns, minimized flood damage by nesting on higher ground than did gulls and
      rails that build tall nests. Species with dispersed, cryptic nests had taller
      surrounding grass than did open-nesting colonial species. Total nest height was
      similar for species with tall nests and for terns whose short nests were elevated
      by placement on mats of dead Spartina grass. Willets had lower nest heights than
      the other species, probably because the inverse relation between grass height and
      ground height in the salt marsh makes it difficult for willets to find sites with
      high enough ground for flood avoidance while still retaining high enough grass
      for nest crypticity. Ground height for common terns and grass height for gulls
      and rails appear to be cues used in nest site selection. Nests of each species in
      which these characteristics were maximized were more successful in a major tidal
      flood. Laughing gulls and clapper rails appear to be more specialized salt marsh
      nesters than the other two species.

PMID- 3365942
TI  - Discrimination of shape reflections and shape orientations by Columba livia.
AB  - By using a free-operant instrumental discrimination procedure, it was
      demonstrated that pigeons find two-dimensional mirror-image visual forms more
      difficult to distinguish than otherwise similar forms. Variations in orientation
      of the discriminanda exacerbated the relative confusability of mirror images. No
      significant difference was found in the pigeons' performance whether the birds
      were discriminating vertically or horizontally reflected mirror-image pairs.
      Mirror images of shapes were also shown to be less discriminable than upside-down
      versions of shapes. The similarity of mirror-image patterns is discussed in
      relation to the generalized recognition of bilaterally symmetrical forms by
      pigeons. Pigeons found an orientation discrimination task involving a 45 degree
      tilt comparatively hard. A second experiment with a discrete-trial conditional
      paradigm confirmed that discriminations of shape orientations can be difficult
      for these birds. The addition of shape cues improved the performance on the
      orientation discrimination task, more so when arbitrary shapes were employed than
      when mirror images were used, which indicates again that the latter were more
      difficult to discriminate than the former. The relative insensitivity to shape
      orientations is ascribed to normal ecological demands on pigeons.

PMID- 3365943
TI  - Conditioned discrimination of airborne odorants by garter snakes (Thamnophis
      radix and T. sirtalis sirtalis).
AB  - For snakes, the nasal chemical senses are critical in intraspecific communication
      and prey recognition. Although it is known that garter snakes can respond
      differentially to airborne odorants, no previous study has demonstrated that
      snakes can learn a task with airborne odors as discriminative stimuli. In
      Experiment 1, 7 plains garter snakes (Thamnophis radix) were trained in a two
      choice apparatus to move into a compartment containing lemon-scented chips for a
      food reward. All 7 snakes improved performance when the first 10 and last 10
      trials of the 100 trials of conditioning were compared. Four of the snakes were
      subsequently trained to move away from the scented compartment into the unscented
      compartment. The 4 snakes rapidly learned this reversal. In Experiment 2, 7
      common garter snakes (T. sirtalis sirtalis) were trained to traverse a two-choice
      maze with the presence or absence of amyl acetate odor as the conditioned
      stimulus. The snakes were pretested for odor versus nonodor preference and were
      trained to go to the initially nonpreferred stimulus. Of the 7 snakes, 5 achieved
      a predetermined criterion (two training sessions with cumulative correct
      responding above the .05 confidence level) within 85 trials.

PMID- 3365944
TI  - Learning in mature mice (Peromyscus leucopus) subjected to deep hypothermia as
      neonates.
AB  - In certain species of nonhibernating rodents, although young nestlings cease
      breathing and heart action when their body temperature is lowered to near
      freezing, the nestlings need only be rewarmed to recover. This remarkable
      capacity for immediate recovery has been known many years, but long-range
      consequences of deep neonatal hypothermia have never before been investigated.
      Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that had been exposed to four 2.5-hr episodes of deep
      (2-4 degrees C) hypothermia when 4-10 days old were later compared with
      littermate controls in their performance on two learning tasks. The two groups
      did not differ in their acquisition or extinction of a lithium-induced learned
      taste aversion to sucrose. Nor did they differ in learning to find a hidden
      platform in a swimming pool. Thus in a nonhibernating rodent species, deep
      hypothermia experienced neonatally--unlike similar hypothermia administered in
      adulthood--seems not to induce deficits in subsequent learning capabilities. The
      resistance of neonates to damage probably represents an adaptation, for their
      modest thermoregulatory abilities render them vulnerable to deep hypothermia in
      frigid environments.

PMID- 3365945
TI  - Sound localization in a predatory rodent, the northern grasshopper mouse
      (Onychomys leucogaster).
AB  - A comparison of the ability of mammals to localize sound revealed that among the
      animals examined to date, none of the rodents have been able to localize as
      accurately as the carnivores. Because all of these rodents are prey animals, the
      question arises as to whether their poor localization acuity is a phyletic trait
      of Rodentia or whether it is a trait common to prey species that may be under
      less selective pressure than predators to localize sound accurately. To answer
      this question, sound localization acuity was determined in a species that is both
      predatory and a rodent, the northern grasshopper mouse. Localization thresholds
      for a single 100-ms noise burst were determined for three grasshopper mice using
      a conditioned avoidance procedure. Their 50% discrimination threshold of 19
      degrees is larger than that of any of the previously tested carnivores and well
      within the range of other rodents. However, calculations of the binaural sound
      localization cues available to rodents (based on their head size) suggest that
      the grasshopper mouse may make more efficient use of the available locus cues
      than other rodents. Thus, although the grasshopper mouse cannot localize as
      accurately as carnivores, it appears to be more accurate than predicted for a
      nonpredatory rodent of its size.

PMID- 3365947
TI  - Violence. Take care, be aware.

PMID- 3365946
TI  - Cyclic motor activity in the fetal rat (Rattus norvegicus).
AB  - Rat fetuses were observed on Day 20 of gestation using a technique that permits
      direct observation of fetal behavior. The resulting time series was analyzed to
      assess cyclic organization in fetal movement. Fetal activity did not occur
      randomly but showed significant cyclic variation with a mean frequency of 0.61
      cycle/min. This finding agrees with studies of human fetuses, which also exhibit
      short-period cyclicity in motor activity.

PMID- 3365948
TI  - Growing up with a stoma.

PMID- 3365950
TI  - Diabetes. Mini clinic for a maxi problem.

PMID- 3365949
TI  - Diabetes. A spoonful of sugar.

PMID- 3365951
TI  - The poor get poorer.

PMID- 3365952
TI  - Violence. One false move.

PMID- 3365953
TI  - The meaning of positive patch tests to copper sulphate in nickel allergy.

PMID- 3365954
TI  - Neonatal allergic contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3365956
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from Dioscorea batatas Decaisne.

PMID- 3365955
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from hydroxypropyl cellulose in a transdermal
      estradiol patch.

PMID- 3365957
TI  - Allergic contact stomatitis and cheilitis from iodoform used in a dental
      dressing.

PMID- 3365958
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from an ostomy bag.

PMID- 3365959
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from Cistus creticus.

PMID- 3365960
TI  - Acute contact urticaria from Grevillea juniperina.

PMID- 3365961
TI  - Acute contact urticaria from Hakea suaveolens.

PMID- 3365962
TI  - Racial differences in sodium lauryl sulphate induced cutaneous irritation: black
      and white.
AB  - The different reactivity of black and white skin after exposure to sodium lauryl
      sulphate (SLS) has been investigated. 9 white and 10 black male volunteers
      entered the study. The tests were performed on the back at 3 sites: untreated
      skin, skin pre-treated with occlusion and skin pre-delipidized. Irritant
      reactions were elicited applying 0.5% and 2.0% SLS via Finn chamber patch tests
      and monitored by means of laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), transepidermal water
      loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum water content (WC). Higher TEWL, LDV, and WC
      values were recorded for 2.0% SLS when compared to 0.5% SLS and baselines. Pre
      treatment with short-term occlusion generally increased values, while
      delipidization produced flattening of the data more detectable in whites than in
      blacks. Significant TEWL differences for the two concentrations were recorded in
      whites for the occluded site (P less than 0.02) while in blacks in the untreated
      (P less than 0.04) and delipidized (P less than 0.03) sites. LDV revealed
      significant changes in the untreated and pre-occluded white skin (P less than
      0.05 and 0.01, respectively). In blacks, the values were significantly different
      only in the pre-occluded skin (P less than 0.01). Water content correlated with
      the visual score and was greatly increased in sites with strongly positive
      reactions (P less than 0.01). It appears that there are significant differences
      in the modulation of irritation, in the behavior of water barrier function and of
      the erythematous response between blacks and whites. Clinical correlations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3365963
TI  - Structural determinants of the response of the skin to chemical irritants.
AB  - A study was made of the relationships between structural parameters of the
      epidermis and stratum corneum and the skin's sensitivities to chemical irritation
      by dithranol or ammonium hydroxide. Statistically significant positive
      correlations were found between the minimal blistering time to ammonium hydroxide
      and the area bounded by the skin surface contour line as determined by a skin
      surface replica technique. A significant positive correlation was also found
      between the minimal irritancy dose of dithranol and (a) the mean corneocyte area,
      and (b) the mean epidermal thickness in cell numbers. Mean corneocyte area was
      also found to increase with age and to be significantly less in UV-sensitive
      Types I and II subjects than in the relatively UV-insensitive Types III and IV
      subjects. These correlations are further evidence that there are inherent
      structural differences in the skin which influence the way the skin reacts to
      chemical trauma.

PMID- 3365964
TI  - Fragrance sensitivity in coal miners.
AB  - In a prospective study, we have examined the incidence of fragrance sensitivity
      in Nottinghamshire coal miners. Our results confirm previous reports of an
      increased incidence of such sensitivity in miners (45%) when compared with both
      male (20%) and female (13%) non-miners. This increased incidence is not related
      to an increased use of perfumed cosmetics, but may be related to the use of a
      highly perfumed body lotion in subjects who already have a high incidence of
      irritant hand eczema. There was no significant increase in the rate of positive
      reactions to other applied allergens.

PMID- 3365965
TI  - Delayed and immediate-type hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine.
AB  - A case with both contact urticaria and delayed-type contact allergy to
      chlorhexidine is presented. A review of the literature on hypersensitivity
      reactions of delayed and immediate type to this compound is given.

PMID- 3365966
TI  - Allergy to non-toxoid constituents of vaccines and implications for patch
      testing.
AB  - We report 3 patients with persistent symptoms at vaccination sites. All were
      allergic to aluminium and one to thiomersal and neomycin too. Aluminium allergy
      causes false positive patch test reactions and we propose methods of patch
      testing patients with symptoms at vaccination sites in order to avoid this
      problem. The practical relevance of allergy to non-toxoid constituents of
      vaccines is discussed.

PMID- 3365967
TI  - Trends in allergic contact sensitization.
AB  - A standard patch test series was tested for 7 years (1977-1983) in a total of
      11,962 patients. The annual frequency of positive reactions to the compounds
      tested was assessed for the total and for males and females separately. During
      the observation period, there were significant increases in positive reactions in
      the total group from 6.2% to 12.7% for nickel sulphate, from 5.3% to 7.0% for
      balsam of Peru and from 3.8% to 6.5% for potassium dichromate, reflecting
      significant changes in both sexes. The frequency of positive reactions to wool
      alcohols, formaldehyde, neomycin sulphate, paraben mix and gentamycin sulphate
      significantly increased, while that of positive reactions to clioquinol, mercuric
      chloride and turpentine peroxide significantly decreased in either males or
      females, sometimes leading to significant changes in the total group.

PMID- 3365968
TI  - Contact dermatitis from a compound mixture of sugar and povidone-iodine.
AB  - 2 patients with leg ulcers got worse after the application of a compound mixture
      of sugar and povidone-iodine (sugar/PI compound). Because they had been suffering
      from stasis dermatitis, symptoms of contact dermatitis were ambiguous. Patch
      tests showed positive reactions to 10% povidone-iodine in water and 5% potassium
      iodide in water, with no response to sugar. They were also tested with sugar/PI
      compound, containing 3% povidone-iodine, resulting in another positive reaction.
      They improved after the application of sugar/PI compound was discontinued.
      Contact dermatitis from topical agents should be considered as more probable than
      angry back syndrome in cases of leg ulcer.

PMID- 3365969
TI  - Comparison of colophony patch test preparations.
AB  - The patch test reactivity to different petrolatum preparations and concentrations
      of colophony (gum rosin) was compared. A serial dilution test with gum rosin 20%
      0.001% gave a clear dose-response relationship with a maximum response to 10% and
      20%. Patch testing with 60% in the routine test did not reveal any further cases
      compared to simultaneous testing with 20%. Irritancy to the 60% concentration was
      seen in some cases. A good correlation in reactivity was found between
      commercially-supplied test preparations for routine testing and homogeneous
      preparations made up in our laboratory. Our results imply that a concentration of
      10% is well worth considering for routine testing.

PMID- 3365970
TI  - Purpuric contact dermatitis from black rubber chemicals.
AB  - Black rubber chemicals are capable of causing an allergic contact dermatitis, in
      some cases associated with a purpuric capillaritis. A typical case of such a
      purpuric reaction is described in a man sensitive to black rubber chemicals.

PMID- 3365971
TI  - Mercury exanthem.

PMID- 3365972
TI  - Prevalence and sources of Kathon CG sensitization in Italy.

PMID- 3365973
TI  - Shoe contact dermatitis.

PMID- 3365974
TI  - Contact dermatitis from swimming goggles.

PMID- 3365975
TI  - Contact allergy to garlic used for wound healing.

PMID- 3365976
TI  - Persistent open patch test reaction.

PMID- 3365977
TI  - A case of erythema multiforme with allergy to isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine of
      rubber.

PMID- 3365978
TI  - Cross-reactivity between some naturally occurring quinones.

PMID- 3365979
TI  - Contact dermatitis from ibuprofen piconol.

PMID- 3365981
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy and prior induced abortion.
AB  - As part of the Women's Health Study, a case-control study conducted in nine
      cities in the United States, women hospitalized with an ectopic pregnancy and
      women hospitalized with non-gynecologic, medical or surgical diagnoses were
      interviewed concerning past reproductive history. There were 462 women meeting
      eligibility criteria in the ectopic pregnancy case group and 2326 women meeting
      the criteria for the control group. After adjustment for a number of possible
      confounders, the relative risk of ectopic pregnancy for women with a history of
      one induced abortion was 1.0 (95% confidence limits: 0.5 to 1.8) and was 0.9 (95%
      confidence limits: 0.8 to 1.1) for women with a history of two or more prior
      induced abortions. These results suggest that prior induced abortion does not
      significantly increase the risk of subsequent ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3365980
TI  - Effect of thyroid hormone deficiency on proteoglycan synthesis by human skin
      fibroblast cultures.
AB  - Proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid synthesized by human skin fibroblasts in
      culture were characterized, and the effect of thyroid hormone deficiency was
      examined. The fibroblasts in culture synthesize hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate
      (DS) proteoglycans and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans. Hyaluronic acid is
      almost exclusively secreted into the medium. Among the proteoglycans synthesized
      during 24 h label, about 70% were secreted into the medium and the remaining 30%
      were associated with the cell layer. About 70% of proteoglycans secreted into the
      medium contained DS and the remaining 30% contained HS. For cell-associated
      proteoglycans, 60% contained HS and the remainder contained DS. The size
      distributions of the glycosaminoglycans from both DS and HS proteoglycans were
      similar, with an average Mr of approximately 30,000. Incubation of fibroblasts in
      thyroid hormone deficient medium increased net synthesis of hyaluronic acid
      (approximately 50%) and all species of proteoglycans (approximately 85%). 3H/35S
      ratios in the chondroitin 4-sulfate disaccharide isolated with HPLC were not
      altered in thyroid hormone deficient cultures, indicating that the specific
      activity of 3H in UDP-N-acetylhexosamine precursors did not change. The increased
      incorporation of 3H into hyaluronic acid and of 3H and 35S into DS and HS
      proteoglycans thus indicates increased net synthesis. Degradation of cell
      associated proteoglycans was not influenced by thyroid hormone deficiency.

PMID- 3365982
TI  - Trends in ectopic pregnancies and use of intrauterine devices in Lombardy, Italy
      1979-1983.
AB  - The frequency of ectopic pregnancies in Lombardy (a region in Northern Italy with
      a population of about 9 million inhabitants) over the period 1979-1983 was
      estimated using the Regional Hospital Discharge Registration System, where
      information is collected on all discharges from public and private hospitals. The
      ratio of ectopic pregnancies rose from 4.43/1000 pregnancies in 1979 to 4.93/1000
      pregnancies in 1982 and flattened off in 1983 (4.78/1000 pregnancies). The
      frequency of ectopic pregnancies increased with maternal age from 2.30/1000
      pregnancies in teenagers to 6.01/1000 pregnancies in women 30-39 years old, but
      remained constant thereafter (5.84/1000 pregnancies in women aged 40 or older).
      These trends were consistent with available information on intrauterine device
      (IUD) sales over the same calendar period. On the basis of a random subsample of
      the same dataset, we evaluated by means of a case-control approach, the relative
      risk of ectopic pregnancy in relation to IUD use. Current IUD users had an
      estimated age-adjusted relative risk of ectopic pregnancy of 3.6 (95% confidence
      interval = 1.4-8.0) in comparison with an hospital-based control group of non
      pregnant women. In etio-pathological terms, the interpretation of this finding is
      not obvious since it is possible that IUD users are simply less protected than
      pill, barrier or other traditional method users against ectopic pregnancy.
      Nonetheless, on a public health scale, the impact of IUD on the incidence of
      ectopic pregnancy should be evaluated in relative terms of comparison with other
      methods and their utilisation in different populations.

PMID- 3365984
TI  - Phase I and II clinical trials with Vicoa Indica (Banjauri), a herbal medicine,
      as an antifertility agent.
AB  - Safety and contraceptive efficacy of Vicoa Indica (Banjauri), a herbal
      contraceptive, has been evaluated in female subjects for the first time by using
      modern methods of a clinical trial. The drug, when administered in a dose of 15
      gm once a day for 3 days for 3 cycles, was found to be free from side effects and
      possessed antifertility activity which is dose-related and can be improved upon
      by modifying the drug delivery system.

PMID- 3365983
TI  - The interaction of alcohol consumption and oral contraceptive use on lipids and
      lipoproteins.
AB  - Oral contraceptive (OC) use and alcohol consumption have been shown to alter the
      levels of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood. The effect of alcohol consumption
      on levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides,
      LDL-B, Apo-A1, the ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol, HDL
      cholesterol/LDL cholesterol, and the ratio of LDL cholesterol/LDL-B among normal
      healthy young women before initiation of oral contraceptives and after six months
      of oral contraceptive use are both described. Of primary interest is the
      mediating effect of alcohol consumption on the association between steroid usage
      and blood lipid values. At baseline, ethanol consumption was found to be
      positively associated with triglycerides, HDL-C, and Apo-A1 and negatively
      associated with LDL-C/LDL-B. After adjustment for several covariables, alcohol
      consumption was found to be positively associated with the increases in
      triglycerides and in Apo-A1 observed at 3 and 6 months after initiation of OCs.
      Since these two parameters are believed to have opposite relationships to
      cardiovascular disease, the effect of alcohol consumption remains uncertain.

PMID- 3365985
TI  - The preschool child: developmental themes and clinical issues.
AB  - The preschool years are a remarkable period of dramatic growth in the areas of
      physical, affective, and cognitive development. Physical development is
      characterized by a slow but steady rate of somatic growth and the mastery of
      motor skills that facilitate the child's achievement of autonomy and
      independence. Major themes in affective development include the achievement of
      autonomy and independence from family, a lessening of attachment to parents and
      the alleviation of separation anxiety, and the acquisition of impulse control and
      socialization skills. Cognitive development during the so-called preoperational
      period is best characterized by the mastery of language. The remarkable
      developmental gains achieved during this dynamic period culminate in a child who
      can function independently and competently and begin the major occupation of
      childhood--attending school. Health maintenance issues during the preschool years
      directly reflect the child's developmental stage. For example, nutritional issues
      reflect not only physical growth and motor skills, but also negativism and the
      child's struggle to achieve autonomy. Similarly, safety and injury prevention
      related to the "motor-minded" behavior so characteristic of children at this age,
      as well as the illogical, egocentric thought that predominates during this period
      of cognitive development. Examples of other stage-related issues addressed during
      health maintenance visits include discipline and behavior problems, sleep
      problems and night awakening, and toilet training. The unique aspects of
      development during the preschool years also have implications for other
      components of child health maintenance, including developmental screening,
      procedures and immunizations, and physical assessment. A number of clinical
      issues are of special significance during the preschool years. For example, the
      most common causes of children's short stature, constitutional delay in growth
      and familial short stature, may result in major parental concerns at this time.
      Recurrent otitis media is an important problem during this period of language
      acquisition. Among preschool children with urinary tract infections, the risk of
      an underlying structural anomaly of the urinary tract and the danger of
      irreversible renal damage is greater than for older children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3365986
TI  - One-lung ventilation during emergency room thoracotomy.

PMID- 3365987
TI  - Is glutamine beneficial in postburn nutritional support?

PMID- 3365988
TI  - Hepatic cellular dysfunction in sepsis: an ischemic phenomenon?

PMID- 3365989
TI  - Biophysical mechanisms of argon laser-assisted vascular anastomoses.

PMID- 3365990
TI  - Inhibition of intrinsic pumping activity in ovine mesenteric lymphatics during
      endotoxic shock.

PMID- 3365993
TI  - Platelet immunology. Symposium on Platelet Immunology: Actuality. Paris, France,
      March 20, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3365992
TI  - The impact of surgical research on clinical practice: personal perspectives.

PMID- 3365991
TI  - Fate of venous repair after trauma.

PMID- 3365994
TI  - Biochemical characterization of Zwa antigen using the immunoblotting technique.

PMID- 3365995
TI  - Allo-immune thrombocytopenias, definition of a group at risk; a prospective
      study.

PMID- 3365996
TI  - Immunogenetic risk factors in P1A1 immunization.

PMID- 3365997
TI  - Technical aspects of prenatal samplings and fetal transfusion.

PMID- 3365998
TI  - Biological characterization of prenatal samplings.

PMID- 3366000
TI  - Alloimmune thrombocytopenia of the newborn. A discussion.

PMID- 3365999
TI  - Prenatal treatment in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3366001
TI  - Familial macrothrombocytopenia. Clinical, ultrastructural and biochemical study.

PMID- 3366002
TI  - Prevention program of type I Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel: prenatal
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3366003
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of a molecular variant of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

PMID- 3366004
TI  - Structural modifications of platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIb in the Tn
      syndrome.

PMID- 3366005
TI  - Characterization of an anti-IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody which is a platelet
      activator.

PMID- 3366006
TI  - Platelet membrane fluidity and order modification after the binding of the anti
      Zwa antibody. Fluorescence polarization study.

PMID- 3366007
TI  - Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy.

PMID- 3366009
TI  - A hospital president's view.

PMID- 3366008
TI  - Antiplatelet antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview.

PMID- 3366010
TI  - Tick-borne dermatologic diseases.
AB  - Inquiries regarding tick exposure can be important in dermatologic diagnosis and
      treatment since ticks can be vectors of a diversity of infectious diseases. The
      classic teaching is that ticks are best removed with nail polish, solvents,
      petrolatum, mineral oil, or a hot match. However, a recent evaluation of tick
      removal revealed that mechanical removal with forceps preceded and followed by
      disinfection is the most effective method. In most cases, should the
      characteristic dermatologic lesion or systemic symptoms appear, appropriate
      treatment should be initiated for presumptive diseases.

PMID- 3366011
TI  - Tinea capitis in adults over fifty years of age.
AB  - An 89-year-old black woman was examined for generalized folliculitis of the scalp
      that proved to be tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans. To our
      knowledge, she is the oldest known patient with this condition to be reported to
      date. Although it is uncommon in adults, this condition must be considered when
      clinicians are evaluating patients with hair loss and nonspecific scalp
      dermatitis.

PMID- 3366012
TI  - Idiopathic vulvar calcinosis: the counterpart of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis.
AB  - An asymptomatic nodule over the right labium majus of a 13-year-old girl is
      described. Examination of an excisional biopsy specimen revealed a well
      circumscribed lobular mass of calcium deposits. No underlying laboratory
      abnormalities were detected. The lesion most likely represents the female
      counterpart of idiopathic scrotal calcinosis.

PMID- 3366013
TI  - Helping at-risk youth through intergenerational programming.

PMID- 3366014
TI  - Teen-link. Promoting health awareness among adolescents.

PMID- 3366015
TI  - A public-private partnership builds support for family preservation services.

PMID- 3366017
TI  - Support group helps troubled fathers learn parenting skills.

PMID- 3366016
TI  - Developing an AIDS program in a juvenile detention center.

PMID- 3366018
TI  - Involving adolescents in Head Start.

PMID- 3366019
TI  - Child welfare services in Japan: an overview.

PMID- 3366020
TI  - Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases. A multi-institutional
      study of long-term survivors.
AB  - In this review of a collected series of patients undergoing hepatic resection for
      colorectal metastases, 100 patients were found to have survived greater than five
      years from the time of resection. Of these 100 long-term survivors, 71 remain
      disease-free through the last follow-up, 19 recurred prior to five years, and ten
      recurred after five years. Patient characteristics that may have contributed to
      survival were examined. Procedures performed included five trisegmentectomies, 32
      lobectomies, 16 left lateral segmentectomies, and 45 wedge resections. The margin
      of resection was recorded in 27 patients, one of whom had a positive margin, nine
      of whom had a less than or equal to 1-cm margin, and 17 of whom had a greater
      than 1-cm margin. Eighty-one patients had a solitary metastasis to the liver, 11
      patients had two metastases, one patient had three metastases, and four patients
      had four metastases. Thirty patients had Stage C primary carcinoma, 40 had Stage
      B primary carcinoma, and one had Stage A primary carcinoma. The disease-free
      interval from the time of colon resection to the time of liver resection was less
      than one year in 65 patients, and greater than one year in 34 patients. Three
      patients had bilobar metastases. Four of the patients had extrahepatic disease
      resected simultaneously with the liver resection. Though several
      contraindications to hepatic resection have been proposed in the past, five-year
      survival has been found in patients with extrahepatic disease resected
      simultaneously, patients with bilobar metastases, patients with multiple
      metastases, and patients with positive margins. Five-year disease-free survivors
      are also present in each of these subsets. It is concluded that five-year
      survival is possible in the presence of reported contraindications to resection,
      and therefore that the decision to resect the liver must be individualized.

PMID- 3366022
TI  - Endorectal sliding flap repair of complicated anterior anoperineal fistulas.
AB  - This report presents experience with a safe and effective form of treatment for
      anal fistulas that involve a significant portion of the sphincter mechanism. The
      technique includes removal of the involved crypt, closure of the internal opening
      with a sliding endorectal flap, and counter drainage of the fistula tract. This
      series includes eight patients treated over a five-year period with a follow-up
      of up to five years. This limited series had no complications and one case of
      early recurrence. Most of these patients had had previous failed attempts at
      correction of the fistula. The main advantage of this mode of treatment is
      preservation of the integrity of the sphincter muscle, thus avoiding the high
      risk of incontinence that is inherent especially with anteriorly located fistulas
      in females. It is proposed that, because it does not transect the sphincter
      anteriorly, this technique is safer than the placement of setons, as has been
      previously advised for management of anterior fistulas. The different treatment
      techniques for anal fistulas, including complications, recurrence rates, surgical
      techniques, and indications for types of management are reviewed.

PMID- 3366021
TI  - The ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis procedure. Factors affecting
      technical and functional outcome.
AB  - A retrospective review was undertaken to determine factors important in
      predicting functional results following the ileal reservoir and ileoanal
      anastomosis procedure. One hundred seventy-nine patients underwent ileal
      reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis at the University of Toronto between December
      1981 and January 1987. One hundred sixty-three patients had ulcerative colitis,
      11 had familial adenomatous polyposis, and five had Crohn's disease. A J
      reservoir was constructed in 72 patients and an S-reservoir in 107 patients.
      Functional results were assessed in 102 patients who had their loop ileostomies
      closed for more than one year. The most significant technical complications were
      anal anastomotic leaks (10 percent), reservoir anastomotic leaks (3.9 percent),
      anal anastomotic stricture (7.8 percent), late fistula-inano (2.8 percent), small
      bowel obstruction (19 percent), and loop ileostomy complications (23 percent).
      Overweight males and patients with operative blood loss greater than 1000 cc
      developed anal stricture more frequently (P less than .005). Patients who had a
      stapled J-reservoir had a higher rate of reservoir leak. The average number of
      bowel movements reported by patients for 24 hours was 6.2 +/- 3.1. Only ten (9.8
      percent) patients had to intubate their reservoir to empty it. Urgency was
      experienced by 24 patients and soilage at night by 23 (22.5 percent) and during
      the day by 18 (17.6 percent). Seven patients (6.8 percent) were incontinent
      during the night and only one during the day. Pouchitis was reported in 16
      patients (15.7 percent). Patients with anal anastomotic stricture had more
      urgency and pouchitis, and had to intubate their reservoir more frequently (P
      less than .05). No other factors analyzed affected technical or functional
      results.

PMID- 3366023
TI  - Regression analysis of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer after curative
      resections.
AB  - The clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data of 310 patients who had curative
      resections were prospectively collected and analyzed in a multiple stepwise
      regression model. Although several factors (i.e., venous invasion) were of
      importance in univariate analysis, the following conclusions reflect the outcome
      and relative importance of the regression analysis only. Blood loss as an initial
      symptom and duration of symptoms were associated with a better prognosis.
      Location of the primary tumor, age, and sex did not appear to have prognostic
      value. Observations during operation such as palpable lymph nodes, fixity to
      adjacent organs, and tumor spill were related to a diminished tumor-free
      survival. Laboratory data (hemoglobin, leukocytes, ESR, GGTP, SGOT, SGPT, LDH,
      total protein, CEA) were tested for their potential prognostic values. Only a
      preoperative low protein level or an elevated CEA level were associated with an
      increased risk of death due to recurrent tumor. The histopathologic features
      (stage and grade), with the exception of venous invasion, were of relative
      importance in the determination of prognosis. The aforementioned variables can be
      included in a prognostic index on the base of which high-risk groups suitable for
      adjuvant studies can be identified.

PMID- 3366024
TI  - Body iron stores in patients subjected to surgery of the large bowel.
AB  - Iron stores as estimated by serum ferritin concentration were studied in 40
      patients subjected to colon surgery in reference to postoperative complications
      and restoration of iron stores, as well as to dietary and supplementary iron. The
      results showed that empty iron stores are common in patients subjected to colon
      surgery; 40 percent of the patients had a total loss before the operation.
      Preoperatively empty iron stores were associated (P less than .01) with an
      increased risk of postoperative complications that were not explained by other
      nutritional parameters. Surgery of the colon did not affect serum ferritin
      concentration or iron stores acutely or long-term. Intake of dietary iron was
      determined by food recording for seven days in all patients and was compared to
      40 controls. The preoperative hemorrhagia and lower daily intake of dietary iron
      (8 +/- 3 mg) in the patients than in the controls (14 +/- 4 mg) may explain the
      empty iron stores. However, patients with normal iron stores also had low amounts
      of dietary iron (9 +/- 3 mg). In 12 patients with empty iron stores the effects
      of ferrous sulfate (80 mg Fe++) three times daily for six weeks were studied. The
      patients responded well to the therapy. It is concluded that preoperatively empty
      iron stores are common in patients subjected to colon surgery, and that this
      raises the risk of postoperative complications. Colon operations are not followed
      by acute or long-term changes in serum ferritin concentration or iron stores. The
      restoration of iron is achieved by oral iron therapy.

PMID- 3366025
TI  - Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the
      colon.
AB  - Angiography using Prostaglandin E1 was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of
      the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The
      findings at angiography were classified into four groups: 1) AG-S3, abnormal
      change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2,
      abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of
      vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of
      above-mentioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both
      macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in
      accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic
      diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases.
      Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the
      conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the
      result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the
      colon.

PMID- 3366026
TI  - Evaluation of the biofragmentable anastomotic ring following preoperative
      irradiation to the rectosigmoid in dogs.
AB  - An animal study was done to evaluate the safety of a sutureless colorectal
      anastomosis in irradiated bowel. Forty mongrel dogs received preoperative
      radiation with 5000 rads and then underwent a low anterior resection and
      anastomosis using either the EEA-31TM stapling device, a two-layer handsewn
      technique, or the biofragmentable anastomotic ring (BAR) 31-1.5 mm and BAR 31-2.0
      mm devices. The anastomoses were then evaluated for early and late anastomotic
      healing and leaks. The results show four radiographic (three clinical) leaks (P
      less than .05) in the BAR 31-1.5 mm group and one radiographic leak in the
      handsewn group. No leaks were detected in the EEA or BAR 31-2.0 mm groups.
      Results indicate that all three techniques can be done safely with this dose of
      radiation, and gap size (1.5 mm vs. 2.0 mm) is of critical importance when
      performing a BAR anastomosis in irradiated bowel.

PMID- 3366027
TI  - Small colorectal polyps. Are they worth treating?
AB  - The histology of small (less than or equal to 0.5 cm.) colorectal polyps removed
      during total colonoscopy in 303 patients was reviewed to determine their clinical
      significance. There were 178 male patients and 125 females, with a median age of
      64 years (range, 26 to 97 years). A total of 766 polyps were treated, 60 percent
      being adenomatous and 22 percent hyperplastic. Hyperplastic polyps were more
      common in the rectum (71 percent) while adenomas were more common in the colon
      (63 percent). Hyperplastic polyps in the colon were associated with adenomas in
      75 percent of cases and hyperplastic rectal polyps were associated with proximal
      adenomas in 63 percent. There were six mixed hyperplastic/adenomatous polyps. Of
      the 458 adenomas, 449 were tubular, eight were tubulovillous, and one was
      villous. Moderate dysplasia was noted in 23 (5 percent) and severe dysplasia in
      four (0.9 percent). There were associated large adenomas in 84 patients. Small
      colonic polyps are usually adenomatous and should be destroyed. Biopsy may be
      important if no other neoplasm has been identified. Small rectal polyps are
      usually hyperplastic but may be associated with proximal adenomas. Because of the
      uncertain significance of hyperplastic polyps they should also be treated, and
      are a relative indication for total colonoscopy.

PMID- 3366028
TI  - Relationship between parietal blood flow studies in the left colon and the rectum
      in dogs. Colonic pressure and blood flow.
AB  - An animal model was proposed to clarify the difference in occurrence of
      enterocolitis in congenital aganglionosis. When gaseous distention of the colon
      was localized to the rectosigmoid area, enterocolitis never occurred. On the
      contrary, when it involved the left colon, enterocolitis occurred in 13 of 15
      patients. Intestinal blood flow rates were simultaneously measured in the left
      colon and rectum of six dogs by using labeled microspheres and expressed in
      function of the intraluminal pressure. Results show that for elevated values of
      intraluminal pressure, blood flow was significantly lower in the left colon than
      in the rectum. These results may explain why ischemia and necrosis occurred more
      frequently in the left colon than in the rectum.

PMID- 3366029
TI  - Small colonic adenomas with adenocarcinoma. A retrospective analysis.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to alert colonoscopists to a relatively high
      incidence of small colonic adenomas with invasive adenocarcinoma among a group of
      colonic adenomas with invasive adenocarcinoma removed colonoscopically.
      Retrospective analysis (1973 to 1983) documented nine such lesions that were 1 cm
      or smaller, representing 15 percent of all colonic adenomas with invasive
      adenocarcinoma removed during that period. These lesions had no distinctive gross
      features and could be easily confused with hyperplastic polyps. It is recommended
      that all colonic polyps be removed at colonoscopy regardless of their size,
      because even lesions 1 cm and smaller, with "benign" gross appearance, may harbor
      invasive adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 3366030
TI  - Perianal metastasis from a sigmoid carcinoma--objective evidence of a clonal
      origin. Report of a case.
AB  - A case is described in which flow cytometric DNA analysis of a sigmoid cancer and
      a subsequently diagnosed anal malignancy demonstrated the same DNA aneuploid
      pattern in both tumors. The ability to show, by this technique of DNA analysis,
      that an anal malignancy has seeded from a colon cancer could be important for
      future therapy. This is because the positive identification of such a deposit as
      a "dropped" metastasis would prevent inappropriately radical surgery.

PMID- 3366031
TI  - Surgical management of bleeding stomal varices.
AB  - A retrospective chart review of nine patients with stomal varices and portal
      hypertension who required surgical management of bleeding varices from 1978 to
      1986 was performed. The patient's mean age at stoma formation was 46 years
      (range, 36 to 70 years). Three were female, six were male, and all were
      Caucasian. Three patients had colostomies and six had ileostomies. Indications
      for creation of the ostomies included inflammatory bowel disease in six patients
      and carcinoma in three patients. The time from creation of the stoma to the first
      bleed was 11 to 196 months (mean, 82 months). The average time between this bleed
      and surgical treatment was six months. The operative procedures performed
      included nine mucocutaneous disconnections (MCD) in seven patients (one for
      recurrent bleeding) and two stoma relocations (one for recurrence). MCD is
      simple, quick, and associated with a lower morbidity and intraoperative blood
      loss than stomal relocation. Postoperative follow-up has ranged from 4 months to
      4.6 years (mean, 2.5 years). During this period there were two episodes of
      recurrent varices that required surgery. In the select group of patients that
      cannot be managed conservatively, MCD is favored and relocation considered only
      if MCD is technically impossible.

PMID- 3366032
TI  - Balloon sphincterography. Clinical findings after 200 patients.
AB  - There are two muscular mechanisms of fecal continence. The anal sphincter
      squeezes the anal canal, thus lengthening it and increasing its resistance. The
      puborectalis kinks the distal rectum, preventing the transmission of intra
      abdominal pressures into the anal canal. Balloon sphincterography simultaneously
      records the shape of the anal canal and distal rectum and measures the strength
      of the puborectalis and anal sphincter muscles. This allows the physician to
      evaluate the function of these important muscles in patients with symptomatic
      defecation disorders such as constipation, incontinence, and rectal prolapse. A
      cylindrical balloon is connected by a hose to a fluid reservoir filled with
      liquid barium. The deflated balloon is placed into the anal canal and inflated by
      raising the fluid reservoir in increments. Fluoroscopy visualizes the balloon's
      shape and video records the results. Quantitative sphincterogram measurements in
      patients with defecation disorders include (the three measurements in each
      category refer respectively to incontinent patients [N = 87], prolapse patients
      without incontinence [N = 26], and constipated patients [N = 65]); anorectal
      angle (degrees + S.D.): 114 + 28, 103 + 18, 95 + 19; anal canal length (mm +
      S.D.): 33 + 11, 38 + 10, 39 + 10; squeeze pressure (cm H2O + S.D.): 68 + 23, 80 +
      16, 91 + 22, and opening pressure (cm H2O + S.D.): 52 + 25, 67 + 22, 81 + 24. The
      method is useful in identifying specific defects, such as paradoxic puborectalis
      contractions, that can cause constipation, and injuries to the sphincters that
      can cause incontinence. In over 280 patients with a wide variety of defecation
      disorders, sphincterography has yielded information not available by standard
      manometric techniques. It augments the findings of defecography.

PMID- 3366033
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in hepatic and extrahepatic metastases from
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - The values of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in hepatic and extrahepatic
      metastases from primary colorectal cancer were studied. Adjacent noninvolved
      tissue was used as a control. Liver metastases had significant elevated ODC
      levels over surrounding liver (0.271 vs. 0.065, respectively, P less than .008).
      Results similar to those found in liver metastases were noted in extrahepatic
      metastases (median value, 0.271). This study discusses the possible reasons for
      these elevations and emphasizes that these differences may have potential roles
      in the areas of diagnosis, staging, monitoring of the disease, and therapeutic
      interventions in colorectal cancer and its hepatic and extrahepatic metastases.

PMID- 3366034
TI  - Toward a selection of the most appropriate procedure in the treatment of complete
      rectal prolapse.
AB  - Defecographic evaluation was performed in 30 patients with rectal prolapse to
      assess the effect of posterior rectopexy on rectal function and to arrive at a
      selection of the best procedure. Preoperative defecography revealed rectal
      intussusception in all patients. Postoperative control studies showed adequate
      rectal fixation to the anterior sacral surface. Intussusception no longer
      occurred. Rectal stenosis due to the surgical procedure was absent. The described
      technique of posterior rectopexy eliminates the prolapse mechanism without
      creating new disorders and is therefore a rational procedure. Advocation of new
      procedures should also be based on results of colorectal tests that assess the
      effect of the procedures on rectal function.

PMID- 3366035
TI  - Effects of ibuprofen on postoperative bowel motility and propulsion.
AB  - Eighteen mongrel dogs were randomized into two groups, and all underwent right
      segmental colectomy. One group received ibuprofen, 12 mg/kg, preoperatively and
      postoperatively q6h for 24 hours; the second group served as a saline control.
      Propulsion was measured radiographically (q8h X 24h, then q12h) by following
      intraluminal radiopaque markers. Motility was measured with a multilumen
      monometric catheter on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3 for a 3-hour period.
      Propulsion, as defined by movement of more than 80 percent of the markers to the
      rectum, averaged 46 hours in the saline animals vs. 40.8 hours in the ibuprofen
      animals for an average decrease of 13 percent (P = .42). Postoperative motility
      showed a significant increase in the ibuprofen-treated animals on the first
      postoperative day (26.8 percent, P = .043), most marked at the level of the ileum
      (48 percent, P = .005), with insignificant differences on the second and third
      days. Studies comparing ileum, proximal, and distal colon suggest that ileum and
      proximal colon may be the major site of ibuprofen effect (10.7 percent, P = .23
      and 11.96 percent, P = .41 respectively). The data suggest that ibuprofen may
      have a beneficial effect on postoperative bowel motility but the clinical
      significance of this still needs to be determined.

PMID- 3366036
TI  - Long-term results of open and closed sphincterotomy for anal fissure.
AB  - Three hundred fifty patients who underwent open or closed lateral internal anal
      sphincterotomy for acute or chronic anal fissure between January 1981 and June
      1985 were reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 14 months (mean, 37 months). No patient
      underwent an additional procedure at the time of sphincterotomy. Twenty-one
      failed to heal or developed a recurrence in the interval (6 percent). Five of
      these individuals were found subsequently to have Crohn's disease. Excluding
      these patients, the incidence of nonhealing was 4.6 percent. Eight patients (2.3
      percent) developed postoperative infections requiring drainage, one half of which
      were associated with fistulas. Sixty patients (17 percent) complained of
      incontinence for flatus or feces. For two thirds, this was transient. There was
      no statistically significant difference in rate of healing or morbidity when
      comparing the open with the closed method.

PMID- 3366037
TI  - Differential diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch
      syndrome I and Lynch syndrome II).
AB  - Increasing recognition of the statistical burden posed by HNPCC (5 to 6 percent
      of all colorectal cancer) mandates that physicians have a better understanding of
      the genetics, natural history, and distinction between the hereditary site
      specific variant (Lynch syndrome I) and the Cancer Family Syndrome (Lynch
      syndrome II). The authors report detailed cancer (all sites) family histories on
      two prototype families with Lynch syndrome I (Family R) and Lynch syndrome II
      (Family N), which have been under investigation for more than two decades.
      Emphasis is placed on shared clinicogenetic features; namely, early age of onset
      of colonic cancer (approximately age 44), multiple primary colonic cancer (24
      percent of cases showed metachronous colonic cancer), predominance of proximal
      colonic cancer location (approximately 65 percent in the proximal colon), and
      vertical transmission consonant with an autosomal dominantly inherited factor. An
      increased predilection for extracolonic cancer, particularly endometrial
      carcinoma, occurs in Lynch syndrome II and is the primary basis for distinction
      from Lynch syndrome I. Surveillance and management programs must be wholly
      responsive to these natural history features.

PMID- 3366039
TI  - Colonic malacoplakia--occurrence in a family. Report of cases.
AB  - A family with two cases of documented colonic malacoplakia is reported. Details
      regarding the younger sister have been published previously and those of the
      elder are reported in this paper. Two brothers were found to have strongly
      positive purified protein derivative and histologic evidence of nonspecific
      colitis, but without clinical, endoscopic, or histopathologic evidence of
      malacoplakia. The parents are first cousins and have a total of 13 children. A
      computer search of the literature revealed no previous reports on familial
      occurrence of this disease. Thus, the authors consider this to be the first
      report of malacoplakia in siblings of the same family and suggest adding genetic
      predisposition in the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 3366038
TI  - Failure in prophylactic management of thromboembolic disease in colorectal
      surgery.
AB  - The operative courses of 294 elective consecutive colorectal resections were
      reviewed in order to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of postoperative
      thromboembolic complications. All patients received low-dose heparin prophylaxis.
      Fifty-seven patients were screened for deep venous thrombosis with the fibrinogen
      uptake test, and treatment of thromboembolism was started if the diagnosis was
      established by venography and/or pulmonary scintigraphy. Neither the morbidity
      nor mortality from clinical thromboembolic complications was lowered in the group
      of patients who were screened. Rectal surgery seems to carry a higher risk of
      postoperative thromboembolic complications than colon surgery, and thromboembolic
      complications are responsible for about half of the postoperative deaths
      following elective colorectal surgery.

PMID- 3366040
TI  - Tuberculosis of the rectum in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
      Report of a case.
AB  - Tuberculosis of the rectum is a rare disease. A patient with a miliary pattern of
      pulmonary tuberculosis had a rectal lesion which proved to be tuberculosis. The
      patient subsequently developed several opportunistic infections characteristic of
      acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The clinical, endoscopic, radiologic, and
      histologic findings of this treatable lesion are presented.

PMID- 3366041
TI  - Colonic metastases from lobular carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case.
AB  - Metastatic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract secondary to breast cancer
      is rare. A case of diffuse infiltration of the colon by metastatic infiltrating
      lobular breast cancer is reported. Awareness of this condition may lead to proper
      investigations including intestinal biopsy, thus avoiding unnecessary surgery.

PMID- 3366042
TI  - Perianal thrombosis.
AB  - Two patients who had suffered numerous previous attacks of perianal hematoma were
      treated by excision of the lesions and adjacent skin (low hemorrhoidectomy).
      Histology confirmed that these lesions are not hematomas but thrombi lying within
      the thin-walled vessels of the external anal plexus. Excision of the perianal
      skin and underlying venous plexus, leaving anterior and posterior skin bridges,
      is indicated in patients who have multiple recurrences of this painful condition,
      which should be renamed "perianal thrombosis."

PMID- 3366043
TI  - A support brace for the endoscope.
AB  - The availability of an endoscopic support brace for use during gastrointestinal
      endoscopy is described.

PMID- 3366044
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of normal and denervated muscle tissue on the
      recovery of regeneration ability in irradiated skeletal muscle].

PMID- 3366045
TI  - [The nature of radiation damage of the DNA molecule during gamma-irradiation of
      its solutions].

PMID- 3366046
TI  - [Effect of muscle training on the extent of cytogenetic damage of the rat
      intestinal epithelium after exposure to ionizing radiation].

PMID- 3366047
TI  - [Fatty acids--initiators of hemoglobin-dependent lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 3366048
TI  - [Argiopin as an antagonist of glutamate in spinal motor neurons of the frog].

PMID- 3366049
TI  - Biorhythm of core temperature in depressive and non-depressive alcoholics.
AB  - Core temperature was longitudinally evaluated during the day- and nighttime in
      six non-depressive and in four depressive alcoholics who had been abstaining from
      alcoholic beverages. The least squares spectrum method was employed for detecting
      the periods and acrophase of the circadian rhythm of core temperature. Although
      normal periods were observed in all the patients throughout the study, an
      abnormal acrophase was found in many patients, especially in depressive
      alcoholics. On the 3rd and 4th days after alcohol withdrawal, all of the four
      depressive alcoholics showed a phase advance of the circadian rhythm, and three
      patients of the six non-depressive alcoholics exhibited an abnormal acrophase. On
      the 21st and 22nd days after alcohol withdrawal, a normal acrophase was observed
      in two patients of the four depressives and in four of the six non-depressives.
      The mean core temperature was higher in the depressives than in the non
      depressives on the third and fourth days after alcohol withdrawal.

PMID- 3366050
TI  - Effect of propylthiouracil on liver cell development in the male albino mouse:
      protective effect against ethanol-induced alterations.
AB  - The aim of the present study is to analyze whether the addition of
      propylthiouracil reverts the influence of ethanol on the development of
      periportal and pericentral hepatocytes and their nuclei in male albino mice.
      Propylthiouracil-treated animals showed decreased cellular and nuclear areas when
      compared with the control animals, except for the 180-day-old animals, whose
      pericentral cells and nuclei were greater than those of the controls and
      exhibited fatty infiltration. Pericentral hepatocytes and nuclei of the ethanol
      fed animals showed an increase of their sizes, especially in 180-day-old animals.
      In contrast, hepatocyte and nuclear sizes of the animals treated with both
      propylthiouracil and ethanol were similar to those of the control group,
      suggesting a protective effect of propylthiouracil against the ethanol-induced
      alterations.

PMID- 3366051
TI  - Brain hydration during alcohol withdrawal in alcoholics measured by magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients had a first Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan 1-3 days
      after stopping drinking and a second approximately 2 weeks later with no change
      in whole brain T1 or T1 in selected brain areas. Six patients whose first scan
      was over 36 h after the last drink underwent an increase in whole brain T1 in the
      interval to the second scan. The later the first scan was performed the greater
      was the increase in T1. These results are compatible with a very early fall in
      brain water immediately on cessation of drinking (perhaps due to a rebound
      increase of vasopressin activity) with a return to 'baseline' after two weeks. A
      third scan after discharge from hospital in 23 individuals who had abstained from
      alcohol or drank very little did not reveal any further significant change in
      brain T1.

PMID- 3366052
TI  - Reactivity to alcohol stimuli in alcoholics: is there a role for temptation?
AB  - Two studies investigated conditioned reactions to alcohol in alcoholics. In the
      first, alcoholic and control subjects were exposed to alcoholic and non-alcoholic
      stimuli and physiological parameters were measured. No significant differences
      were found to indicate that alcoholics reacted differentially to alcoholic
      stimuli. As this was contrary to other findings, procedural differences were
      examined. In the second study, a series of case studies, subjects were selected
      for extreme alcohol dependence and the procedure was varied by persuading the
      subjects that they might consume the stimuli. Under conditions in which the
      alcoholic stimulus was available and the subjects were able to consume it, two of
      the three subjects exhibited responses consonant with conditioned reactions to
      alcohol stimuli. We conclude that such conditioned reactions do exist but that
      their prevalence and the conditions under which they can be elicited are unknown.
      From these studies it appears to us that one of the most important parameters may
      be that of temptation.

PMID- 3366053
TI  - The role of GABA in morphine abstinence in rats.
AB  - GABA mimetics such as baclofen, aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) and diazepam decreased
      naloxone-precipitated abstinence wet dog shakes in morphine dependent rats. The
      GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin were not effective in small doses.
      The inhibition of wet dog shakes by baclofen, AOAA and diazepam was not reversed
      by bicuculline. This suggests that baclofen, AOAA and diazepam may inhibit
      morphine wet dog shakes not by direct GABA receptor stimulation. Inhibition by
      baclofen of wet dog shakes was reversed by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) suggesting
      that the inhibiting effects of GABA mimetics are mediated by serotoninergic
      neurons.

PMID- 3366054
TI  - Sleep in babies born to chronically heroin addicted mothers. A follow up study.
AB  - The effects of chronic addiction to, and withdrawal from, opiates on sleep have
      been described in experimental animals, in human adults and infants born to
      addicted mothers. These sleep alterations are seen through the first weeks of
      life. Thirteen maternally addicted babies were studied. Sleep samples were
      recorded and scored within a few days following birth and repeated 4 or 5 weeks
      later after recovery from the abstinence syndrome. A significant decrease in
      quiet sleep and increase of active sleep were found. The same alterations,
      although less marked, were observed in a follow up recording performed during the
      second month of life. Sleep alterations in addicted newborns could be related to
      central nervous system (CNS) distress caused by withdrawal. The authors however
      propose a perturbation of endogenous opiates subsequent to fetal addiction as a
      cause of sleep alterations.

PMID- 3366055
TI  - Cognitions and alcohol-influenced performance: the impact of reinforcement
      contingencies.
AB  - The effects of different reinforcement conditions on self-reported cognitions and
      task performance under the influence of alcohol were examined. Four groups of
      male university students attended a series of four drinking sessions. During the
      sessions, the groups performed a visual tracking task under different
      reinforcement conditions which influence the speed of acquisition of behavioural
      tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol. At the end of each session,
      subjects completed a questionnaire intended to elicit any thoughts, feelings,
      ideas or images they experienced during the session. Their responses were scored
      in categories related to alcohol effects, task performance and motivation. The
      groups differed significantly on numbers of self-reported cognitions related to
      general alcohol effects and to alcohol effects on task performance; these
      differences corresponded to differences in the speed of tolerance development. In
      the group that acquired tolerance most rapidly, several aspects of task
      performance were significantly correlated with cognitions. These data provide
      support for the suggestion that cognitive activity may be an important factor in
      individuals' responses to alcohol and other drugs.

PMID- 3366056
TI  - Urine toxicology as a predictor of continuation in outpatient alcoholism
      treatment.
AB  - Urine for toxicology was obtained from 93% of 62 alcoholics (60 males, 2 females)
      applying for alcoholism treatment. Fourteen urines were positive, with cocaine
      (35%) and minor tranquilizers (35%) being most common. History of drug use did
      not correlate with toxicology results nor was there an association with
      simultaneously obtained alcohol levels. Treatment outcome was analyzed
      retrospectively at 4 months. Subjects were more likely to remain in outpatient
      therapy if the screening urine toxicology was negative.

PMID- 3366057
TI  - Brain self-stimulation, locomotor activity and tissue concentrations of ethanol
      in male rats.
AB  - These studies were aimed at correlating the effects of ethanol on operant
      behavior and on locomotor activity with its distribution in selected tissues in
      the body. One group of male rats was trained on a continuous reinforcement
      schedule for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) with electrodes in the lateral
      hypothalamus. Another group was studied in a locomotor activity apparatus, and
      both groups were given ethanol intraperitoneally over the dose-range 0.3-1.7
      g/kg. Urine was collected 15 min and 60 min after ethanol administration and
      samples of blood, brain, heart, lung, liver, muscle and testis were obtained at
      both time points. Depressions of ICSS and of locomotor activity occurred, and
      these changes in behavior were correlated with increasing concentrations of
      ethanol in blood, urine and tissue. Thus, the disrupting effects of ethanol on
      behavior which occurred shortly after its acute administration were closely
      linked to its concentrations throughout the body.

PMID- 3366058
TI  - [Abnormal erythrocyte membrane gangliosides in alcoholism].
AB  - The pattern of gangliosides in membranes of erythrocytes was examined in healthy
      donors and in alcoholic subjects. Seven different gangliosides could be detected.
      In healthy donors the following pattern was found: GM3 = 17.6%, SPG = 43.1%, GD3
      = 9.1%, GD1a = 12.8%, FucGD1b = 5.2%, GT1b = 6.7% and GX = 5.7%. The GM3 and
      FucDG1b fraction were decreased statistically significantly in alcoholics.

PMID- 3366059
TI  - Effect of influenza vaccine on chronic warfarin therapy.
AB  - Whether influenza vaccination causes a prolongation in the prothrombin time (PT)
      and produces bleeding complications in patients receiving chronic warfarin
      therapy is a clinically important controversy. The degree of anticoagulation
      during chronic warfarin therapy of 33 patients was assessed before and after
      vaccination with trivalent types A and B influenza vaccine. Three patients were
      excluded because of inadequate PT data before vaccination and one patient was
      unavailable for follow-up after vaccination. Data from five additional patients
      were excluded from statistical analysis because the warfarin dose was changed
      within one week of vaccination. PT values obtained at zero to two weeks, three to
      four weeks, and two, three, and four months after vaccination were compared with
      each patient's prevaccination baseline value. PT values following vaccination
      were unchanged except for a decrease that occurred during the first two weeks (p
      less than 0.05). Complications did not require dosage adjustments and were
      limited to minor nose bleeds or bruises occurring in two patients before and
      three patients after vaccination. These data suggest a decrease rather than an
      increase in PT values following vaccination, and do not support the existence of
      a serious warfarin-vaccine interaction. The possibility that an occasional
      patient may experience such an interaction cannot be excluded, but none was seen
      in these patients.

PMID- 3366060
TI  - Unpredictable anaphylactic reaction to protamine sulfate.
AB  - Anaphylactic reactions to protamine administration often can be predicted by the
      presence of patient risk factors. In the case described, an anaphylactic reaction
      to protamine occurred in a patient without identifiable risk factors. A history
      of prior protamine exposure, fish allergy, or vasectomy suggests patients may be
      at greater risk for anaphylactic response to protamine; however, patients can
      develop anaphylaxis in the absence of such factors.

PMID- 3366061
TI  - Protamine sulfate and fatal anaphylactoid shock.
AB  - A 73-year-old male underwent uneventful three-vessel coronary artery bypass
      grafting after which he received iv protamine sulfate for reversal of systemic
      heparinization. Shortly thereafter, the patient developed and succumbed to an
      anaphylactoid reaction attributed to protamine. The patient had none of the
      previously reported risk factors for hypersensitivity to the drug and was
      therefore not considered at high risk for such a severe adverse reaction.
      Although uncommon, the fatal outcome of this low-risk patient seriously addresses
      the need for alternative measures for heparin reversal.

PMID- 3366062
TI  - Bizarre behavior following the ingestion of levo-desoxyephedrine.
AB  - This is the first reported case of transvestism in a heterosexual male that
      occurred only after ingestion of the contents of six to eight Vicks inhalers. The
      patient's gender cross-dressing was associated with sexual excitement and
      masturbatory behavior. This case is consistent with other cases of gender cross
      dressing and sexual excitement following inhaler abuse, but in the previous cases
      reported the subjects were homosexual men. Levo-desoxyephedrine, also known as
      levo-methamphetamine, the main active ingredient in Vicks Inhalers, is known to
      have amphetamine-like properties. Stereotypic behavior is consistent with
      behavior that follows the use of amphetamine. Transvestism has traditionally been
      thought to be based on a psychodynamic model; however, the authors postulate
      several biochemical mechanisms whereby levo-desoxyephedrine may play a role in
      the bizarre behavior exhibited by this 32-year-old man. It is suggested that
      inhalers be placed in a new class of drugs that can be dispensed only by a
      pharmacist or physician.

PMID- 3366063
TI  - Comparison of pharmacokinetic procedures for dosing lithium based on analysis of
      prediction error.
AB  - Five pharmacokinetic methods for estimating maintenance dosage requirements of
      lithium carbonate were compared retrospectively in 20 inpatients with acute
      bipolar illness. Specific pharmacokinetic methods tested included the method of
      Cooper, the multiple-point method of Perry, the single-point method of Perry, the
      method of Zetin, and the method of Pepin. Data analysis was based on evaluation
      of prediction error or the difference between the predicted steady-state lithium
      concentration and the measured steady-state lithium concentration at equivalent
      daily doses. Each dosing method was assessed in regard to accuracy and bias of
      predicted steady-state serum lithium concentrations. Bias was assessed by
      comparison of the median value of the prediction error with zero. The dosing
      recommendation based on the Cooper nomogram resulted in a significant positive
      bias (p less than or equal to 0.05). Intermethod accuracy was assessed by
      comparison of the absolute prediction errors of each dosing method. Significant
      differences in accuracy were observed between the method of Pepin when compared
      with the single-point method of Perry (p less than or equal to 0.05, k-sample
      sign test). All other comparisons were nonsignificant.

PMID- 3366064
TI  - Prescribing authority for pharmacists as viewed by organized pharmacy, organized
      medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry.
AB  - This study identifies attitudes of organized pharmacy, organized medicine, and
      the pharmaceutical industry about prescribing authority for pharmacists. A
      questionnaire designed to assess the impact of a legislative bill permitting a
      pharmacist in an organized health care setting to initiate or modify drug therapy
      was mailed to state pharmacy associations, state hospital pharmacy associations,
      state pharmacy boards, state medical associations, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
      Association (PMA)-member manufacturers, and non-PMA-member generic manufacturers.
      Responses from 194 of the 307 invited organizations were used. The six
      organization types viewed the impact of the legislative bill differently (p less
      than 0.05). Hospital pharmacy associations and boards of pharmacy, to a lesser
      extent, supported the legislative bill; non-PMA-member generic manufacturers and
      state pharmacy associations were relatively neutral. The medical associations and
      the PMA-member companies opposed the passage of the bill. Furthermore, medical
      associations believed that the bill would not be passed in the majority of states
      in the next five years.

PMID- 3366065
TI  - Evaluation of the contribution of clinical pharmacists: inpatient care and cost
      reduction.
AB  - Clinical pharmacists in this study hospital reported 1027 interventions in
      patient drug therapy over two time periods of three and two weeks, respectively.
      These interventions were subjected to self and peer reviews and to cost-avoidance
      evaluation. The most frequent type of intervention was recommendations related to
      drug selection (29.6 percent). Recommendations were not implemented by physicians
      in only 10.2 percent of the cases. The perceived impact of these interventions on
      the quality, cost, or both was found by the peer reviewers to occur in 58.5, 16.1
      and 25.6 percent of the cases, respectively. Also, when peer reviewed for
      clinical significance, 983 of these interventions were judged to improve drug
      therapy to an acceptable level based on the professional literature, and 36 were
      deemed very significant in terms of saving patients' lives or preserving major
      organ functions. Of the 983 interventions rendering drug therapy to an
      appropriate level, 398 were deemed to have cost-avoidance impact; of this number
      a 25 percent random sample was subjected to cost-avoidance evaluation. Realized
      cost-avoidance averaged $242 for each intervention implemented. When extrapolated
      annually, $364,900 was the net realized cost-avoidance after discounting for the
      cost of providing clinical pharmacy services. An average cost-avoidance of
      $860.50 was calculated for each intervention made by pharmacists, but not
      followed by physicians, for an annual potential cost-avoidance of $532,650. In
      all, clinical pharmacists had the potential to save $897,550 annually in hospital
      resources if all their interventions had been accepted and implemented.

PMID- 3366066
TI  - Disposition of intrathecal vancomycin.

PMID- 3366067
TI  - Metoclopramide suppository considerations.

PMID- 3366068
TI  - Comment: fish oil effectiveness.

PMID- 3366069
TI  - [The Homburg model for recording allergologic data using electronic data
      processing].
AB  - The present paper describes the microcomputer-based allergy data storage and
      retrieval system, realized with the relational database system INFORMIX on a
      Siemens MX2 computer. The main features of the kind and structure of data stored
      are discussed, as well as some general aspects of data storage. Additionally, the
      activities of the German Contact Dermatitis Group with regard to computer-based
      documentation are mentioned.

PMID- 3366070
TI  - [Diagnosis of migraine].

PMID- 3366071
TI  - [Treatment of migraine].

PMID- 3366072
TI  - [Endotoxin content of plant drugs].

PMID- 3366073
TI  - [Scientific studies and statistics].

PMID- 3366074
TI  - [Pulmonary complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Results of a
      prospective study].
AB  - Between 1983 and 1987, a stepwise diagnostic programme was undertaken
      prospectively in 37 of 100 HIV-positive patients with 40 bronchopulmonary
      infections. It consisted chiefly of flexible bronchoscopy combined with lavage,
      transbronchial biopsy and/or removal of bronchial brush cells. Taking into
      account all examinations performed in life and at autopsy, 25 of the 37 patients
      had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (67.5%), 13 had bacterial pneumonia, six of
      these were mycobacterial infections (atypical mycobacteria in four), eight had
      neoplasms (pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma in five, squamous-cell carcinoma in two,
      and Hodgkin's disease in one), and four patients had cytomegalovirus infection.
      Total diagnostic success of bronchoscopy was 78%; related to Pneumocystis
      pneumonia it was 91%.

PMID- 3366076
TI  - [Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide influences human immunoglobulin secretion].
AB  - Blood lymphocytes from eight subjects were cultured for seven days and stimulated
      with Pokeweed mitogen. At the same time, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
      was added in rising concentrations (10(-12) M to 10(-6) M). Immunoglobulin
      concentrations were measured by ELISA in the remaining cultures. Mitogen
      stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated dose-dependent by VIP to
      a further significant rise of IgM secretion in six of the eight subjects. VIP had
      no influence in this respect on mononuclear cells that had not been
      prestimulated. This was, therefore, the first demonstration that VIP, in
      concentrations that occur in intestinal mucosa in certain circumstances,
      influences human immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. These findings may provide a
      building stone towards a better understanding of local immunoregulatory events in
      the intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3366075
TI  - [Treatment of severe bronchial asthma and status asthmaticus with intravenous
      fenoterol].
AB  - In eight patients with moderately severe bronchial obstruction intravenous bolus
      injection and continuous (four-hour) infusion of fenoterol (a beta 2
      sympathomimetic) achieved a significant reduction in airway resistance after
      previous inhalation of the drug. Plasma levels of about 1.1 ng/ml were
      sufficiently effective. Intravenous administration of fenoterol gave a more rapid
      bronchospasmolytic response than theophylline-ethylenediamine (10 patients). In
      contrast to the latter drug, fenoterol caused a significant rise in heart rate.
      Intravenous fenoterol is thus an alternative to systemic theophylline
      administration for severe obstructive disorders of ventilation. Because of their
      additive effect, simultaneous and continuous intravenous administration of both
      drugs is recommended in the treatment of pre-status and status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3366077
TI  - [Gallopamil poisoning. Its course and therapy].
AB  - About two hours after swallowing 7 g of Gallopamil, a calcium antagonist, with
      suicidal intent a 32-year-old woman was admitted to hospital in a somnolent
      state. At that time the systolic blood pressure was about 40 mm Hg, in the
      presence of a 3 degrees A-V block. Orciprenaline, dopamine and dobutamine, as
      well as calcium, proved ineffective. Initially massive doses of adrenaline and
      noradrenaline, and their continued administration over the subsequent 26 hours,
      succeeded in normalizing the blood pressure and after transitory pacing,
      terminated, the arrhythmia in the course of 24 hours. About four hours after its
      intake the plasma gallopamil concentration was 8.4 micrograms/ml, about 100 times
      the therapeutic range.

PMID- 3366078
TI  - [Choledochal cyst. The clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy].
AB  - A 21-year-old woman who for more than one year had had epigastric pain which was
      unrelated to food and radiated belt-like, was found to have a marked increase in
      gamma-GT, slightly elevated phosphatase activity, and increased erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate. The diagnosis of choledochal cyst, type Ia, was confirmed by
      sonography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and intravenous
      cholangiography. A choledochocystojejunostomy with a Y-Roux anastomosis was
      constructed to stop the cholestasis and prevent complications. The patient became
      symptom-free after the operation.

PMID- 3366079
TI  - [A diagnostic procedure in gynecomastia].

PMID- 3366080
TI  - [Therapy of gynecomastia].

PMID- 3366081
TI  - [The new X-ray regulation].

PMID- 3366082
TI  - [Iron metabolism and infection].

PMID- 3366083
TI  - An otolaryngic approach to the allergic patient.

PMID- 3366084
TI  - Skin endpoint titration and immunotherapy: an overview.

PMID- 3366085
TI  - In vitro tests and immunotherapy.

PMID- 3366086
TI  - Food allergies and hypersensitivities.

PMID- 3366087
TI  - Chemical hypersensitivity and the allergic response.

PMID- 3366088
TI  - Psychologic preparation of children for insertion of myringotomy tubes.

PMID- 3366089
TI  - A method for localizing and standardizing deformities of the nasal septum.

PMID- 3366090
TI  - Lingual thyroid.

PMID- 3366091
TI  - Giant ossifying fibroma of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 3366092
TI  - Maximizing safety in T and A.

PMID- 3366093
TI  - Sucralfate and nasal synechiae.

PMID- 3366094
TI  - Dynamics of a biochemical system with multiple oscillatory domains as a clue for
      multiple modes of neuronal oscillations.
AB  - We analyze the behavior of a two-variable biochemical model in conditions where
      it admits multiple oscillatory domains in parameter space. The model represents
      an autocatalytic enzyme reaction with input of substrate both from a constant
      source and from non-linear recycling of product into substrate. This system was
      previously studied for birhythmicity, i.e. the coexistence between two stable
      periodic regimes (Moran and Goldbeter 1984), and for multi-threshold excitability
      (Moran and Goldbeter 1985). When two distinct oscillatory domains obtain as a
      function of the substrate injection rate, the system is capable of exhibiting two
      markedly different modes of oscillations for slightly different values of this
      control parameter. Phase plane analysis shows how the multiplicity of oscillatory
      domains depends on the parameters that govern the underlying biochemical
      mechanism of product recycling. We analyze the response of the model to various
      kinds of transient perturbations and to periodic changes in the substrate input
      that bring the system through the two ranges of oscillatory behavior. The results
      provide a qualitative explanation for experimental observations (Jahnsen and
      Llinas 1984b) related to the occurrence of two different modes of oscillations in
      thalamic neurones.

PMID- 3366095
TI  - Loosening of the phage structure in a low ionic strength environment.
AB  - Structural parameters of phage T7 were compared in two frequently used Tris
      buffers of high and low ionic strength, in order to explain the different
      biological activity and drug-binding characteristics. Characteristics of the
      whole phage geometry were obtained by viscosimetry, static and quasi-elastic
      light-scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. The latter method revealed
      dissimilarities in the intraphage DNA compactness, consistent with the findings
      of the optical absorption melting studies. Alterations in the particle dimensions
      determined in the same sample by different methods are discussed, and a model is
      constructed to explain the structural modifications that occur on lowering the
      ionic strength.

PMID- 3366096
TI  - A laser-T-jump study of the adsorption of dipolar molecules to planar lipid
      membranes. I. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
AB  - The adsorption of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as well as
      of other dipolar molecules to the interface of artificial lipid membranes gives
      rise to a change of the dipole potential between the membrane interior and water.
      As a consequence of the adsorption of the neutral species, the conductance of
      planar membranes, observed in the presence of the macrocyclic ion carriers
      nonactin or valinomycin, may change by many orders of magnitude. Using this
      effect in combination with a laser-T-jump technique, the kinetics of the
      adsorption process were measured and were interpreted on the basis of a Langmuir
      isotherm. A partition coefficient (at small concentrations) of beta HA = 4.7 x
      10(-4) cm, a rate constant of desorption kHA greater than or equal to 100 s-1 and
      a maximum surface density ND = 7.7 x 10(13)/cm2 were found. The concentration at
      half saturation is KHA = 2.7 x 10(-4) M. Using these values the membrane
      conductance induced by the ion carrier nonactin and the shape of the current
      voltage relationship as a function of the ligand concentration in water was
      analyzed. A maximum dipole potential of VDmax = -239 mV and a contribution of b =
      3.1 x 10(-15) V cm2 per single adsorbed 2,4-D molecule was found. 74% of the
      dipole potential acts on the inner membrane barrier separating the two
      interfacial adsorption planes of nonactin. The remainder (26%) favours
      interfacial complex formation between nonactin and K+ from the aqueous phase. The
      data hold for membranes formed from dioleoyllecithin in n-decane.

PMID- 3366098
TI  - Abdominal surgery in the neonatal foal.

PMID- 3366097
TI  - Magnetoliposomes. Formation and structural characterization.
AB  - The adsorption of different types of phosphatidylglycerols onto magnetizable
      solid particles is studied. The super-paramagnetic magnetite spheres used have an
      average diameter of only 14 nm and are stabilized by lauric acid to keep them in
      solution. During incubation and dialysis of this water-based magnetic fluid in
      the presence of preformed sonicated phospholipid vesicles, magnetoliposomes are
      formed which are captured from solution with high efficiency by high-gradient
      magnetophoresis. Support for the bilayer character of the phospholipid coat is
      derived from both theoretical calculations and experimental data. Phospholipids
      which form the inner monolayer are adsorbed very quickly with their charged head
      group orientated towards the iron oxide surface. The high-affinity character of
      the binding is reflected in the adsorption isotherms and is further illustrated
      by their non-extractability with high concentrations of Tween 20. The outer layer
      assembles through interaction with the exposed hydrocarbon chains. As compared to
      the inner layer, the phospholipids adsorb at a much slower rate and are displaced
      by Tween 20 concentrations which usually disrupt conventional membranes. The
      adsorption isotherms for this layer obey the Langmuir expression. The affinity
      constants, derived from them, progressively increase as the hydrophobic nature of
      the phosphatidylglycerols is more pronounced.

PMID- 3366099
TI  - Exploratory celiotomy for suspected urinary tract disruption in neonatal foals: a
      review of 18 cases.
AB  - The medical records of 18 neonatal foals, in which exploratory celiotomies were
      performed for suspected urinary tract lesions, were reviewed. Despite clinical
      signs and laboratory values indicative of disruption of the urinary tract, three
      foals did not have a site of urinary tract leakage at surgery. Eight foals had
      ruptured bladders and seven foals had urachal lesions. Ultrasonography was used
      as a pre-operative diagnostic procedure in eight foals to evaluate the presence
      of free peritoneal fluid and urinary tract integrity. Nine foals were alive six
      months after discharge. Seven of the nine non-surviving foals died or were
      destroyed because of fungal or bacterial infections.

PMID- 3366100
TI  - Development of a scoring system for the early diagnosis of equine neonatal
      sepsis.
AB  - A sepsis scoring system was developed and tested prospectively in a blind study
      of 190 neonatal foals admitted to the University of Florida Veterinary Medical
      Teaching Hospital's neonatal intensive care unit. The system used 14 readily
      available historical, clinical or laboratory variables and weighted each item to
      arrive at a sepsis score. The score was found to have a sensitivity of 93 per
      cent, a specificity of 86 per cent, positive accuracy rate of 89 per cent and
      negative accuracy rate of 92 per cent. The sepsis score was far more sensitive
      and specific for infection, even in very early cases, and had fewer false
      positive and false negative values than did any parameter taken individually.

PMID- 3366101
TI  - Traumatic injuries of the patella in five horses.

PMID- 3366102
TI  - The use of H(orse) INDEX: a method of analysing the ground reaction force
      patterns of lame and normal gaited horses at the walk.
AB  - The amplitudes, impulses and times of occurrence of a number of selected peaks in
      the ground reaction force tracings of 17 horses with various clinical histories
      were compared with those of 20 horses used to establish values for the 'standard'
      Dutch Warmblood horse. The resulting factors were combined, using different
      weighting factors, into indices characterising each limb. The symmetry between
      the loading of the forelimbs and the hindlimbs was used to calculate amplitude
      and peak-time symmetry indices. Limb and symmetry indices were combined in one
      H(orse) INDEX. This method of quantifying the ground reaction force pattern,
      together with appropriate graphic display of the tracings, was useful in clinical
      evaluation of force plate measurements.

PMID- 3366103
TI  - Early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.

PMID- 3366104
TI  - Metabolic bone disease: problems of terminology.

PMID- 3366105
TI  - Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses.
AB  - Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were
      weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition
      score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length
      of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated
      (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and
      girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from
      height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be
      accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of
      'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy
      than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were
      found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same
      height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown
      to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience.

PMID- 3366106
TI  - Enzyme histochemistry on muscle biopsies as an aid in the diagnosis of diseases
      of the equine neuromuscular system: a study of six cases.
AB  - Muscle biopsies from six horses with clinical histories of muscle atrophy, muscle
      tremors, myopathic symptoms, unsteadiness of pelvic limbs and progressive ataxia
      were examined. Muscle biopsies were studied with enzyme histochemical techniques
      to evaluate the diagnostic values of these methods in cases suspected of
      suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Hypertrophy, atrophy, fibre splitting,
      waxy degeneration, phagocytosis and necrosis were seen in haematoxylin eosin
      stained sections of the different cases. Fibre type predominance and fibre type
      grouping were seen in the calcium ion stimulated myosine ATP-ase (Ca-ATP-ase)
      stained sections of some cases. 'Moth-eaten fibres' were demonstrated in three
      cases by staining with NADH: nitro blue tetrazolium oxidoreductase (NADH-TR),
      succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), NADH dependent malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c
      oxidase and by lactate dehydrogenase. The catabolic enzymes, acid phosphatase
      (ACP) and 5'-nucleotidase were active in cases with fibre phagocytosis. The
      oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway in myopathic tissue seemed to be
      important in three cases, demonstrated by the increased activity of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGDH). The
      important feature of diseased horse muscle was that the pathohistochemical
      changes were exactly the same as in diseased skeletal muscles of humans. The
      application of tissue saving enzyme histochemical techniques can be recommended
      in the study of muscle tissue from horses suffering from suspected neuromuscular
      disorders.

PMID- 3366107
TI  - Distribution and ultrastructure of mast cells in the equine respiratory tract.
AB  - Mast cells in the equine respiratory mucosa were studied at both light--and
      transmission electron--microscope levels. Mast cells were identified at all
      levels of the tract, with the greatest cell density in the nasopharynx. The
      majority (57 to 94 per cent) of this cell population were located within the
      connective tissue of the lamina propria. Up to 20 per cent of these cells were
      associated with the mucosal glandular tissue, whilst small numbers were present
      within the surface epithelium and in association with nodular lymphoid tissue. In
      the peripheral lung tissue 20 per cent of the mast cell population was associated
      with the small airways, 25 per cent with the pleura, and 32 per cent with blood
      vessels. The fine and ultrastructural features of these mast cells resemble those
      described in other species, and their granules consist of two types which
      resemble human mast cells.

PMID- 3366108
TI  - Serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in foals after a
      single oral dose.

PMID- 3366109
TI  - Testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin injection in the stallion.

PMID- 3366110
TI  - Absorption of neomycin from the post partum equine uterus.

PMID- 3366111
TI  - Atypical osteochondrosis in a four-month-old foal.

PMID- 3366112
TI  - Concurrent mercuric blister and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) application as a cause
      of mercury toxicity in two horses.

PMID- 3366113
TI  - Preparing a case report for publication.

PMID- 3366114
TI  - Seminoperitoneum and peritonitis in a mare.

PMID- 3366115
TI  - Exploratory celiotomy for gastrointestinal disease in neonatal foals: a review of
      20 cases.
AB  - The medical records of 20 neonatal foals in which exploratory celiotomies were
      performed for gastrointestinal disease were reviewed. In all 20 foals, persistent
      pain and/or progressive abdominal distension were the primary clinical findings
      influencing the decision to operate. However, ancilliary laboratory data were
      important to the proper medical management of these foals during anaesthesia and
      following surgery. Surgical diagnoses of the 20 foals included ileus (nine foals;
      45 per cent), small colon obstruction (five foals; 25 per cent), large colon
      displacement (three foals; 15 per cent), small intestinal displacement (two
      foals; 10 per cent), and perforated gastric ulcer (one foal; 5 per cent).
      Seventeen foals were recovered from anaesthesia, 13 of these were discharged from
      the hospital, seven were alive six months or more following discharge. Sepsis was
      the cause of death in six of the 10 foals that died following recovery.

PMID- 3366116
TI  - The 2.5 A X-ray crystal structure of the acid-stable proteinase inhibitor from
      human mucous secretions analysed in its complex with bovine alpha-chymotrypsin.
AB  - Orthorhombic crystals of the complex formed between bovine alpha-chymotrypsin and
      a recombinant human mucous proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) were grown. Data to 2.3 A
      resolution were collected on the area-detector diffractometer FAST. The crystal
      structure of the complex was solved by Patterson search techniques using
      chymotrypsin as a search model. A cyclic procedure of modeling and
      crystallographic refinement enabled the determination of the SLPI structure. The
      current crystallographic R-value is 0.19. SLPI has a boomerang-like shape with
      both wings comprising two well separated domains of similar architecture. In each
      domain the polypeptide chain is arranged like a stretched spiral. Two internal
      strands form a regular beta-hairpin loop which is accompanied by two external
      strands linked by the proteinase binding segment. The polypeptide segment of each
      domain is interconnected by four disulfide bridges with a connectivity pattern
      hitherto unobserved. The reactive site loop of the second domain has elastase and
      chymotrypsin binding properties. It contains the scissile peptide bond between
      Leu72I and Met73I and has a similar conformation to that observed in other serine
      proteinase protein inhibitors. Eight residues of this loop, two of the adjacent
      hairpin loop, the C-terminal segment and Trp30I are in direct contact with the
      cognate enzyme. The binding loop of the first domain (probably with anti-trypsin
      activity) is disordered due to proteolytic cleavage occurring in the course of
      crystallization.

PMID- 3366117
TI  - Dynamics of the microtubule oscillator: role of nucleotides and tubulin-MAP
      interactions.
AB  - Microtubules can be induced to perform synchronous and periodic cycles of
      assembly and disassembly at constant temperature. The process depends on GTP
      hydrolysis. Time-resolved X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation shows a
      cyclic interconversion of tubulin subunits, microtubules and oligomers (= short
      protofilament fragments). Oscillations are correlated with conditions that
      stabilize polymers and destabilize oligomers, and others of opposite effect.
      Microtubule stabilizers include GTP, Mg2+ or microtubule-associated proteins
      (MAPs), destabilizers include GDP or elevated ionic strength. K+ at intracellular
      concentrations noticeably increases the stability of tubulin-MAP oligomers, in
      contrast to Na+. ATP and the non-hydrolyzable analogue AMP-PNP enhance
      oscillations by mechanisms that are not directly linked to the role of nucleotide
      hydrolysis in assembly. We propose a mechanism of oscillations that include
      oligomers as microtubule disassembly products which transiently lock the protein
      in an unpolymerizable state; this may point to a role of oligomers in controlling
      microtubule assembly cycles in cells.

PMID- 3366118
TI  - The multicopy appearance of a large inverted duplication and the sequence at the
      inversion joint suggest a new model for gene amplification.
AB  - The amplified DNA of HC50474, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line selected in
      three steps for high resistance to coformycin, consists chiefly of 150 copies of
      a large inverted duplication including the adenylate deaminase gene. Most if not
      all of these units are more than 2 x 120 kb long. The inverted duplication was
      first detected in the cells recovered from the second selection step, at the same
      chromosomal location as the first step amplified units. Its formation and
      amplification appear to be coupled since the second step cell line already
      contained 40 copies of this novel structure. Reamplification of the inverted
      duplication occurred at the third step of selection concomitant with the loss of
      amplified DNA acquired during the first step. The head-to-head junction has been
      formed by recombination within a recombinational hotspot described previously
      [Hyrien, O., Debatisse, M., Buttin, G. and Robert de Saint Vincent, B. (1987)
      EMBO J., 6, 2401-2408]. Sequences at the joint and in the corresponding wild-type
      region reveal that the crossover sites, one of which occurs in the putative
      promoter region of B2 repeat, are located at the top of significant stem-loop
      structures and that patchy homologies between the parental molecules on one side
      of the breakpoints allow alignment of these crossover sites. We present a model
      which explains the formation and amplification of this and other large inverted
      duplications by errors in DNA replication.

PMID- 3366119
TI  - Regulation of mouse satellite DNA replication time.
AB  - The satellite DNA sequences located near the centromeric regions of mouse
      chromosomes replicate very late in S in both fibroblast and lymphocyte cells and
      are heavily methylated at CpG residues. F9 teratocarcinoma cells, on the other
      hand, contain satellite sequences which are undermethylated and replicate much
      earlier in S. DNA methylation probably plays some role in the control of
      satellite replication time since 5-azacytidine treatment of RAG fibroblasts
      causes a dramatic temporal shift of replication to mid S. In contrast to similar
      changes accompanying the inactivation of the X-chromosome, early replication of
      satellite DNA is not associated with an increase in local chromosomal DNase I
      sensitivity. Fusion of F9 with mouse lymphocytes caused a dramatic early shift in
      the timing of the normally late replicating lymphocyte satellite heterochromatin,
      suggesting that trans-activating factors may be responsible for the regulation of
      replication timing.

PMID- 3366122
TI  - Cell contacts and surface features of three murine tumors grown as multicellular
      spheroids.
AB  - Ultrastructural observations using scanning and transmission electron microscopy
      were made on three murine tumors, line 1 lung carcinoma, fibrosarcoma (FSA) and
      mammary carcinoma MCa-11, grown in vitro as multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS).
      The cytology of these MTS revealed the presence of characteristic cellular
      organelles as well as varying amounts of intracisternal type-A viral particles.
      In line 1 and FSA, the occurrence of gap junctions in the outer shells of these
      MTS was correlated with the growth behavior of these spheroids. In FSA,
      extracellular collagen bundles were identified next to tumor cells and represent
      synthetic activity by these cells under these conditions. No specific cytological
      correlations were made with the slow growing MCa-11 spheroid.

PMID- 3366120
TI  - Polygene transcripts are precursors to calmodulin mRNAs in trypanosomes.
AB  - In African trypanosomes, calmodulin is encoded by a small family of tandemly
      repeated genes consisting of three to four units. We show that all the members of
      the calmodulin cluster of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are expressed. In addition
      to mature mRNAs, steady-state RNA contains a small percentage of polygene
      transcripts which comprise at least two and probably all calmodulin genes. The 5'
      ends of a portion of these molecules appear to be indistinguishable from those of
      mature calmodulin mRNAs. Polygene transcripts are not polyadenylated and have
      discrete ends which map in the intergenic regions downstream from the
      polyadenylation sites. Using biotinylated hybridization probes and selection of
      the hybrids on streptavidin-agarose, we further show that calmodulin polygene
      transcripts are the most abundant RNA species detected in pulse-labelled RNA of
      cultured procyclic trypanosomes. Our data strongly imply that polygene
      transcripts are authentic precursors to mature calmodulin mRNAs.

PMID- 3366123
TI  - Harvesting and separation of two populations of lysosomes from porcine
      endometrium.
AB  - The lysosomes present in homogenates of porcine endometrium epithelium
      equilibrate in two density regions of Percoll gradients. Patterns with varying
      proportions between high and low density peaks are observed, when aliquots of a
      tissue sample are processed with different all-glass Potter-Elvejhem
      homogenizers. The described constant-tolerance shearing device (CTSD), in
      contrast, provides homogenate fractions with higher latencies and steady
      distribution patterns. They are characteristic for each of the six lysosomal
      markers and the six other structure-bound enzymes measured in gradient fractions
      of the particulate matter harvested between 600g and 17,000g. The 17,000g
      sediments of CTSD homogenates contain more than 40% of the total lysosomal
      enzymatic activities. Recoveries from Percoll gradients are between 93 and 101%.
      Enrichments in the high density region range from 35-fold (beta-glucosidase) to
      82-fold (acid ribonuclease). Both lysosomal populations exhibit latencies between
      89 and 94%. Our results indicate that light lysosomes can be artificially
      generated by inappropriate homogenization, which should be considered in
      experiments on the formation and maturation of lysosomes.

PMID- 3366121
TI  - Upstream regulatory elements are necessary and sufficient for transcription of a
      U6 RNA gene by RNA polymerase III.
AB  - Whereas the genes coding for trimethyl guanosine-capped snRNAs are transcribed by
      RNA polymerase II, the U6 RNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. In
      this study, we have analyzed the cis-regulatory elements involved in the
      transcription of a mouse U6 snRNA gene in vitro and in frog oocytes.
      Transcriptional analysis of mutant U6 gene constructs showed that, unlike most
      known cases of polymerase III transcription, intragenic sequences except the
      initiation nucleotide are dispensable for efficient and accurate transcription of
      U6 gene in vitro. Transcription of 5' deletion mutants in vitro and in frog
      oocytes showed that the upstream region, within 79 bp from the initiation
      nucleotide, contains elements necessary for U6 gene transcription. Transcription
      studies were carried out in frog oocytes with U6 genes containing 5' distal
      sequence; these studies revealed that the distal element acts as an orientation
      dependent enhancer when present upstream to the gene, while it is orientation
      independent but distance-dependent enhancer when placed down-stream to the U6
      gene. Analysis of 3' deletion mutants showed that the transcription termination
      of U6 RNA is dependent on a T cluster present on the 3' end of the gene, thus
      providing further support to other lines of evidence that U6 genes are
      transcribed by RNA polymerase III. These observations suggest the involvement of
      a composite of components of RNA polymerase II and III transcription machineries
      in the transcription of U6 genes by RNA polymerase III.

PMID- 3366124
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of the zymogen granule membrane of pancreas: two novel
      types of intramembrane particles.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the zymogen granule (ZG) membrane has been observed in
      vitro by rapid freezing and freeze-fracture techniques. Unidirectional shadowing
      of the plasmic fracture (PF) leaflet of the intact granule reveals a relatively
      smooth surface uniformly studded by intramembrane particles (IMP; 360 microns2)
      their diameters ranging from 5 to 18 nm (mean = 10.2 nm) but does not allow a
      clear visualization of the particles on the external fracture (EF) leaflet.
      Indeed, rotary shadowing reveals that the EF leaflet presents a highly textured
      subparticle background with a significantly lower frequency of IMP (44 microns2)
      showing diameters from 9 to 18 nm and a shift to larger IMP (mean = 12.3 nm). Two
      hitherto undescribed types of IMP are found on both leaflets of the membrane:
      first a population of 13-nm particles with an electron-lucent center or "pore",
      the most frequent type on the EF face (26%), is a second population of large IMP
      (15 nm) characterized by a large "pore" (5.0 nm diameter) subdivided by a
      delicate cross-shaped structure. In alkaline conditions, pH 8.2, ZG lysis occurs
      rapidly and membrane ghosts thus obtained were rapidly frozen or suspended in
      dextran and filtered immediately. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows
      many opened ghosts with adhering amorphous material and numerous small vesicles
      near or still attached to openings in the ghosts. Freeze-fracture preparations
      show that granule lysis is accompanied by major alterations of membrane
      ultrastructure; the subparticle background on the EF leaflet is now visible only
      as a cap or linear crest at one pole of the ghosts. These two newly formed zones
      are demarcated by a row of 13-nm particles, whereas the other IMP are confined to
      the subparticle background. Some images suggest that the subparticle background
      and 13-nm IMP necklace give rise to vesicles, some of them occasionally attached
      to the ghosts. The subparticle background on the EF leaflet shows a complementary
      imprint on the PF leaflet which is similarly modified. This study shows the
      presence of hitherto undescribed types of IMP and also demonstrates alterations
      of certain domains of zymogen granule membranes that occur at the moment of
      lysis, associated with a redistribution of different particle populations.

PMID- 3366125
TI  - Microtubules and Ca2+-sequestering membranes in the mitotic apparatus, isolated
      by a new method.
AB  - The mitotic apparatus of sea urchin embryos was isolated using a polyethylene
      glycol (PEG)/EGTA-medium. Such a procedure preserves the birefringence and the
      Ca2+ lability of the isolated mitotic apparatus. The method of isolation gives
      good preservation of the microtubules and of the intracellular Ca2+-transport
      system as visualized by a monoclonal antibody to a 46-kDa protein. Triple
      fluorescence studies allow a comparison of the relative locations of
      microtubules, Ca2+-sequestering membranes and chromatin (by Hoechst 33342) in the
      mitotic apparatus. We find that the Ca2+-sequestering membranes are concentrated
      mainly in the centers of the asters and do not follow the distribution of
      microtubules in the mitotic apparatus. Regulation of microtubules by Ca2+ may not
      depend on immediate contiguity of microtubules and the Ca2+-regulating sites.

PMID- 3366126
TI  - Immunocytochemical identification of actin in rabbit spermiogenesis and
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Actin was localized in testicular spermatids and in spermatozoa of rabbit by
      using a monoclonal anti-actin antibody and a specific antiserum against actin,
      labeled with colloidal gold. The antibody reactivity with sperm homogenates was
      determined by immunoblotting of one-dimensional gels. With on-grid postembedding
      immunostaining of Lowicryl K4M sections, actin was identified in the subacrosomal
      region of differentiating spermatids, and in four bulges situated between the
      inner acrosomal membrane and the nuclear envelope and in the anterior part of the
      postacrosomal region of ejaculated spermatozoa. Sperm actin was identified on two
      dimensional gels as two spots in the isoelectric point and molecular weight
      corresponding to gamma and beta-isoforms of actin. Immunoblots stained with
      specific antibodies demonstrated that rabbit spermatozoa express gamma and beta
      actin isoforms.

PMID- 3366127
TI  - Intermediate filaments in the giant muscle cells of the nematode Ascaris
      lumbricoides; abundance and three-dimensional complexity of arrangements.
AB  - The body muscle cells of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides are characterized by
      massive amounts of intermediate filaments (IF). These occur in all three regions
      of this giant cell type. They traverse the cytoplasm of the balloon-like belly,
      which houses the nucleus, and occur as bundles in the arm-like extensions to the
      nerve. The organization of IF in the third region, the contractile fiber, was
      analyzed further by serial sections and three-dimensional reconstruction. IF
      bundles traverse the glycogen-rich lumina of the fiber and reach as baskets
      around the sarcomeres. Together with numerous dense bodies they form the Z-band
      like arrangements. IF bundles reach the plasma membrane at hemidesmosome-like
      specializations often situated at deep membrane invaginations filled with a
      fibrillar component of the extracellular matrix. The ultrastructural appearance
      of IF bundles is connected to the contractional state of the sarcomeres. They
      appear straight in extended muscle but coil up upon contraction. In the pharynx
      massive IF bundles are oriented longitudinally. A second type of IF bundles
      follows the radially oriented sarcomeres. These reveal pronounced Z-band type
      structures with massive disks. IF surround the sarcomeres and seem to terminate
      at these disks. We discuss possible functions of the complex IF organization in
      body muscle and pharynx.

PMID- 3366128
TI  - Isolation of a 50 kDa polypeptide from the detergent-resistant unfertilized sea
      urchin egg cytomatrix and evidence for its change in organization during mitosis.
AB  - In this report, we describe the isolation of a 50 kDa polypeptide from the
      detergent-resistant cytomatrix of unfertilized sea urchin egg. This polypeptide
      shares with the intermediate filaments the property of insolubility in high ionic
      strength buffer solution. However, it does not cross-react with anti-vimentin and
      anti-cytokeratin antibodies. Studies performed by indirect immunofluorescence
      microscopy with an immunospecific serum raised against this polypeptide show that
      during the first cell cycle the polypeptide exhibits similar configuration
      changes as those described for tubulin. Using immunocytochemical light and
      electron microscopy, we present evidence indicating that this 50 kDa polypeptide
      is a constituent of the isolated mitotic apparatus; it is mainly located on
      patches of microfibrillar material found close to the microtubules. The 50 kDa
      polypeptide is not extracted from taxol-assembled microtubules by the 0.6 M NaCl
      treatment. However, the difference in solubility between this protein and the
      previously studied microtubule-associated proteins does not preclude the
      possibility of the 50 kDa polypeptide on being a "microtubule-associated
      protein". The possible significance of this novel cytoskeletal component is
      discussed.

PMID- 3366129
TI  - Endogenous polyamines associate with DNA during its condensation in mammalian
      tissue. A fluorescence cytochemical and immunocytochemical study of polyamines in
      fetal rat liver.
AB  - The polyamines spermidine and spermine are essential for cell proliferation and
      differentiation. By two independent fluorescence cytochemical methods as well as
      by immunocytochemistry, we have studied the distribution of these molecules in
      fetal rat liver. Strong reactions for polyamines were found in highly condensed
      chromatin, present in chromosomes in mitotic cells, and in condensed nuclei in
      late erythropoietic cells. Moreover, polyamines were so closely associated with
      DNA in condensed chromatin that DNase pretreatment was necessary for making them
      available for reaction with antibodies. In other cells, polyamines were mainly
      localized to the cytoplasm. Studies of cells at different stages in
      erythropoiesis revealed that polyamines become associated with DNA during its
      condensation and inactivation. Our data strongly indicate that polyamines
      participate in the condensation of DNA.

PMID- 3366130
TI  - Long term renal prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in an unselected childhood
      population.
AB  - All 270 patients presenting with Henoch-Schonlein Purpura over a 13-year period
      from a total childhood population of 155,000 were studied. This is an incidence
      of 13.5/100,000 children per year. Fifty-five (20%) were found to have initial
      evidence of renal involvement, and were re-examined at a mean of 8.3 years later.
      The 37 with isolated haematuria or haematuria with mild proteinuria (67%)
      recovered completely. Eighteen (33%) had nephritic or combined
      nephritic/nephrotic features, of these one died in the acute phase of the
      illness, only three others have persistent urinary abnormalities but have no
      biochemical evidence of renal impairment and only minor histological changes. The
      overall prognosis in this unselected population is therefore good with a
      mortality less than 1% overall and low long term morbidity of 1.1%. This study
      indicates a more optimistic outcome in this condition than the majority of
      published estimates based on more selected groups of patients.

PMID- 3366131
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis revisited--common and uncommon features. Report of ten cases
      and review.
AB  - Familial cutaneous and subcutaneous tumoral calcifications are a recognized
      entity of unknown pathogenesis. The course of calcinosis and various treatments
      are discussed and the literature concerning the aetiology is reviewed. Our ten
      cases provided some experience in dealing with tumoral calcinosis and
      demonstrated, in addition, some clinical phenomena unrecognized previously, such
      as involvement of the mucous membranes and an erythematous rash preceding the
      development of calcified nodules.

PMID- 3366132
TI  - Neonatal hyperphenylalaninaemia presumably caused by a new variant of biopterin
      synthetase deficiency.
AB  - Systematic investigation of hyperphenylalaninaemic infants for
      tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency has recently led to the description of new
      variants of cofactor deficiency. In the present case, the initial observation was
      of hyperphenylalaninaemia with a significant increase in the neopterin to
      biopterin ratio in the urine. A tetrahydrobiopterin loading test resulted in a
      significant decrease of blood phenylalanine levels. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      biopterin and neurotransmitter metabolite levels were within the normal range.
      The in vivo clearance of phenylalanine remained altered despite a high dietary
      tolerance. At 9 months of age, the patient was clinically well, but minor
      neurological signs appeared when blood phenylalanine levels increased. These data
      were similar to those found in the so-called "peripheral form" of
      tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. However, an unidentified pteridine-like compound
      had been found in the urine and CSF since the birth, suggesting the existence of
      an unknown block in the biosynthetic pathway of biopterin.

PMID- 3366133
TI  - Response to bovine surfactant (surfactant TA) in two different HMD models (lambs
      and baboons).
AB  - The responses of Surfactant TA instillation in two groups of premature lambs
      (Group I, 124.8 +/- 1.1 days and Group II, 132.2 +/- 1.2 days, mean +/- SD) and
      one group of premature baboons (140 +/- 1.6 days) were compared to study the
      effectiveness of the same surfactant in different animal models. The treatment
      group received Surfactant TA 100 mg/kg surfactant lipid at 1 to 2 h of age.
      Control lambs and baboons did not receive surfactant. Sequential measurements of
      arterial blood gas tension, acid base status, mean airway pressure (MAP) and
      oxygen requirement (FiO2) were carried out for 8 h after surfactant instillation.
      The results show that the Group I surfactant-treated lambs improved significantly
      following instillation. The a/APO2 improved from 0.08 +/- 0.02 before treatment
      to 0.31 +/- 0.12, and the MAP decreased from 15.8 +/- 0.9 cm H2O to 13.3 +/- 1.3
      cm H2O 2.5 h after treatment. At 5.5 h after treatment, the lambs given
      surfactant deteriorated. Group II treated lambs showed sustained improvement
      throughout the study period, and improvement in the treated group was not
      significantly different from Group II control lambs. The surfactant-treated
      baboons, however, showed sustained and significant improvement in a/APO2 from the
      time of instillation to the end of the study. These data suggest that the
      differences in response to the same surfactant therapy between the lamb and
      baboon models were due to related differences in species, lung maturation, and
      the differences in response to surfactant, i.e., alveolar leak of protein.

PMID- 3366134
TI  - Prolonged ventilation of the premature newborn rabbit after treatment with
      natural or apoprotein-based artificial surfactant.
AB  - Premature rabbit neonates (gestational age 27 days) were treated at birth with
      natural surfactant purified from chloroform extracts of porcine lung lipids
      either by acetone precipitation (Surfactant CK, n = 10) or liquid gel
      chromatography (Curosurf, n = 22). Another group of animals received artificial
      surfactant "reconstituted" from isolated low molecular weight (less than or equal
      to 15 K) apoproteins and synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) (Aposurf, n = 10). The phospholipid
      concentrations of the preparations were adjusted to provide the same individual
      dose of DPPC for each group of treated animals (3 or 4 mg). In comparison with
      untreated controls from the same litters, there was a 4-7-fold enhancement of
      lung-thorax compliance in all groups of surfactant-treated animals during a 3-h
      period of artificial ventilation. The average initial (20 min) compliance value
      was lower in the Aposurf-treated group than in animals receiving natural
      surfactant preparations, but the difference between the groups gradually
      diminished and was no longer statistically significant during the 2nd and 3rd h
      of artificial ventilation. Judged from the fall in tidal volume during
      ventilation with a short expiration phase (0.17 instead of 0.75 s), the
      apoprotein-based artificial surfactant was also less effective in stabilizing the
      lungs. A similar conclusion could be drawn from data on alveolar expansion in
      histological sections, evaluated by automated image analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366135
TI  - Reliability of estimation of maximum performance capacity on the basis of
      submaximum ergometric stress tests in children 10-14 years old.
AB  - Thirty-three 10-year-old boys repeatedly performed six symptom-limited,
      spiroergometric exercise tests according to the vita maxima method over an
      observation period of 4 years. Submaximum and maximum performance parameters were
      assessed and their correlation was calculated. The correlation of the heart rate
      at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg body weight with the values of maximum performance
      capacity (wattmax and VO2max) and with the body-weight-related, relative maximum
      values was statistically significant. The correlation factors for the relative
      values were about twice as high (r = 0.55) as the absolute values (r = 0.27). The
      heart rate at 1, 2 and 3 watts/kg therefore was more characteristic of the
      relative values, which represent the state of training, and less for the absolute
      performance capacity, which depends to a great extent on body weight. However,
      the statistically significant correlation factors were too low to estimate
      reliably the state of training in an individual case. The correlation of physical
      working capacity at an HR of 170/min (PWC 170) with the maximum ergometric Watt
      performance was r = 0.80 and therefore appears to be sufficient to estimate the
      maximum performance capacity in children. This is however only valid for children
      over the age of 11.

PMID- 3366136
TI  - Hair zinc of young children from rural and urban areas in North Rhine-Westphalia,
      Federal Republic of Germany.
AB  - Hair zinc levels were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 474
      children, aged 3-7 years, from 11 kindergartens in a highly industrialized and
      polluted area (Duisburg) and 8 kindergartens in a rural area of North Rhine
      Westphalia. The mean hair zinc level amounted to 118 micrograms/g, increasing
      between the 4th and 7th year of life. At all ages the values from the urban
      toddlers were lower than from rural toddlers, and in both regions they were
      higher in winter than in summer. Children with frequent upper respiratory tract
      infections (greater than 6 infections/year) showed significantly lower zinc hair
      values, independent of their age. Low hair zinc values (below 70 micrograms/g)
      were frequently found, raising the question as to whether this is a normal, age
      related phenomenon, or whether it indicates a suboptimal zinc status of young
      children from North Rhine-Westphalia.

PMID- 3366137
TI  - Effects of a gluten-free diet on catch-up growth and height prognosis in coeliac
      children with growth retardation recognized after the age of 5 years.
AB  - The effects of a gluten-free diet on catch-up growth and predicted height were
      evaluated in 12 children with coeliac disease diagnosed after the age of 5 years
      and followed for 2-5.5 years. In the majority of the patients, height and bone
      age were retarded at the time of diagnosis. Under a gluten-free diet growth
      velocity, age-related height, predicted height and relative bone age increased,
      height for bone age slightly decreased. In four patients the predicted height
      remained below the target height, indicating incomplete catch-up growth.

PMID- 3366138
TI  - Congenital rubella infection after previous immunity of the mother.
AB  - A newborn boy was admitted with a congenital rubella infection. Seven years
      previously his mother had been vaccinated against rubella; 3 years previously
      rubella immunity had been confirmed. Therefore, intrauterine transmission must
      have occurred after maternal reinfection during pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis of
      rubella embryopathy with serological methods after subclinical maternal
      reinfection is nearly impossible.

PMID- 3366139
TI  - Low serum C4 concentrations in type-1 diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Serum levels of complement factors C3 and C4 were investigated in 64 insulin
      dependent diabetic children and 52 healthy controls. The mean value of C4 was
      significantly lower in diabetic than in control subjects (27.99 +/- 8.01 vs 32.03
      +/- 8.91 mg/dl; P less than 0.01). Sixteen out of 64 children had serum C4 levels
      below the normal range; 6 out of these 11 patients had microalbuminuria. This
      study demonstrates low serum levels of C4 in insulin-dependent diabetes; this
      reduction is not related to the duration nor to the degree of metabolic control.
      There is a high prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with a low C4
      concentration.

PMID- 3366140
TI  - Anomalous inheritance in a kindred with split hand, split foot malformation.
AB  - A South African family with autosomal dominant split hand, split foot (SHSF)
      malformation has been studied. The pedigree was unusual in that three unaffected
      siblings with normal parents had each produced affected offspring. New mutation,
      germinal mosaicism and autosomal recessive inheritance are unlikely. Possible
      explanations of this contentious situation may be an unstable premutation or non
      penetrance due to an inhibiting factor associated with the gene responsible for
      SHSF. Pregnancy monitoring by ultrasound of unaffected close relatives of a
      person with SHSF is recommended.

PMID- 3366141
TI  - The acrocallosal syndrome.
AB  - The acrocallosal syndrome is characterized by peculiar facies, polydactyly of the
      hands and/or feet, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Two unrelated 4-month-old
      boys with consanguineous parents are reported. Both exhibited the main features
      of the syndrome, but neither of them had partial reduplication of halluces.
      Consequently, pre-axial polydactyly of the feet is not considered to be a
      constant feature of the acrocallosal syndrome. The similarity of the acrocallosal
      syndrome to Greig syndrome is discussed, but it appears unlikely that the two
      syndromes are identical. Consanguinity in both cases is a strong argument in
      favour of a recessive mode of inheritance.

PMID- 3366142
TI  - Purpura fulminans in a case of protein C deficiency.
AB  - We report a case of protein C deficiency which presented with purpura fulminans.
      The inheritance of protein C deficiency is discussed and the importance of
      warfarin (Coumadin) treatment in this conditions is emphasized.

PMID- 3366143
TI  - Positive family history of allergy and cow's milk allergy.

PMID- 3366144
TI  - Clonazepam in breast milk.

PMID- 3366145
TI  - Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with cryptosporidium oocysts.

PMID- 3366146
TI  - Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with
      complex partial epilepsy.
AB  - To investigate the role of somatostatin in human epilepsy, we measured
      somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) by radioimmunoassay of the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) of 60 patients with complex partial seizures (CPS), 5 patients with
      other neurological diseases (OND), and 23 controls. The SLI levels were measured
      in groups of epileptic patients that differed in their history of disease,
      electroencephalogram (EEG), computerized tomography (CT) finding, psychological
      test scores, or anticonvulsant medication. SLI was lower in the epilepsy group (p
      less than 0.05) than in the controls. Patients with carbamazepine-clonazepam
      therapy had lower SLI than did other epileptics (p less than 0.02) or controls (p
      less than 0.005). Patients with central atrophy (p less than 0.01) in CT and
      infection (p less than 0.01) as an etiologic cause of epilepsy also seemed to
      have lower levels of SLI in the CSF than did other epileptics. No correlation was
      found between psychological memory scores and SLI levels in the CSF of patients
      with CPS. The present study shows that somatostatin levels are lowered in the CSF
      of epileptic patients, possibly owing to the lowered somatostatin content or the
      decreased number of somatostatinergic nerve cells in the epileptic human brain.
      However, studies in unmedicated patients with different types of seizures are
      needed to further clarify the possible role of somatostatin in human epilepsy.

PMID- 3366147
TI  - Lacunae and cribriform cavities of the brain. Correlations with pseudobulbar
      palsy and parkinsonism.
AB  - Fifty-one brains showing lacunae and 30 with cribriform cavities have been
      identified out of 191 examined brains. A histologic and immunohistochemical study
      with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for glial fibrillary acidic protein has
      been carried out in selected cases. The number, site, associated arterial lesions
      and the microscopic appearance of lacunae and cribriform cavities are reported.
      Lacunae are small cavities usually, but not always due to softenings; cribriform
      cavities are dilatations of the perivascular space. Two types of cribriform
      cavities have been identified, according to the histological appearance of the
      surrounding tissue: type 1 with normal and type 2 with rarefied and abnormally
      gliotic surrounding nervous tissue. Sixteen cases showing a cribriform state in
      the basal ganglia exhibited a pseudobulbar palsy or extrapyramidal rigidity.
      Pseudobulbar palsy of striate form or parkinsonism may be ascertained in some
      cases only by histological and immunohistochemical examination.

PMID- 3366148
TI  - Neurological deficit-simulating transient ischemic attacks due to intracranial
      meningioma. Report of 3 cases.
AB  - In three patients with intracranial meningioma, several episodes resembling
      classical transient ischemic attacks caused a significant delay in the correct
      diagnosis. It seems that this diagnostic 'pitfall' is not rare. The mechanism of
      such episodes also known as 'transient tumor attacks' might be of vascular
      origin.

PMID- 3366149
TI  - Three approaches to progress: understanding the writing of exceptional children.

PMID- 3366150
TI  - Instructional recommendations for teaching writing to exceptional students.

PMID- 3366151
TI  - Constructing well-formed prose: process, structure, and metacognitive knowledge.

PMID- 3366152
TI  - Process-oriented writing: instructional implications for mildly handicapped
      students.

PMID- 3366153
TI  - Assessing the writing product: qualitative and quantitative measures.

PMID- 3366154
TI  - Developing writing skills in bilingual exceptional children.

PMID- 3366155
TI  - Rationale and procedures for increasing the productivity of inexperienced
      writers.

PMID- 3366156
TI  - Teaching writing to exceptional children: reaction and recommendations.

PMID- 3366157
TI  - Clinical pharmacology in Europe: an indispensible part of the health service. WHO
      Working Group on Clinical Pharmacology in Europe.

PMID- 3366159
TI  - The efficacy and tolerance to three doses of diltiazem in elderly patients with
      stable angina.
AB  - Twelve patients aged 71-82 years with chronic stable angina were treated with the
      calcium antagonist diltiazem in three successive doses, 180, 270 and 360 mg/day
      each over two weeks. Exercise tolerance increased and trinitrin consumption fell
      on the first dose but showed no further change on the higher doses. Heart rates
      at rest and on maximal treadmill exercise were significantly reduced on the
      highest dose only. Adverse effects were experienced by 1, 3 and 8 subjects
      respectively on the three doses. The most frequent was constipation which was of
      sufficient severity to cause three to withdraw from treatment. It is concluded
      that, of the three doses studied, the optimal daily dose of diltiazem for elderly
      patients is 180 mg/day.

PMID- 3366158
TI  - Plasma drug and antiplatelet profiles of the original acetylsalicylic acid
      preparations used in the AMIS, PARIS and German-Austrian trials for secondary
      prevention of myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a cross-over study 6 healthy male subjects were given for 9 days the
      acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparations used in the Aspirin Myocardial Infarction
      Study (AMIS), Persantine-Aspirin Reinfarction Study (PARIS) and German-Austrian
      secondary heart attack prevention trials, exactly according to the original study
      protocols. Plasma concentrations of ASA and its main metabolites salicylic acid
      (SA) and salicyluric acid (SUA), as well as platelet function (collagen-induced
      platelet aggregation; tissue extract-induced change in platelet shape) were
      studied repeatedly on the first day of each medication period and were again
      examined on the sixth and ninth days. Differences in the plasma concentrations of
      ASA and its metabolites were found only on the first day, probably as a result of
      different absorption rates. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was more
      rapidly inhibited the faster the preparation was absorbed. Each ASA preparation
      inhibited tissue extract-induced platelet shape change from the first dose,
      although statistically significant inhibition was seen only with the AMIS
      preparation. It is concluded that differences in the antithrombotic efficiency of
      ASA cannot be explained by differences in the pharmacokinetic and antiplatelet
      profiles of the various ASA preparations tested.

PMID- 3366160
TI  - Reduction by cimetropium bromide of the colonic motor response to eating in
      patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.
AB  - Cimetropium bromide is an antimuscarinic compound with antispasmodic properties.
      Its effect on meal-stimulated sigmoid motor activity in 30 patients with the
      irritable bowel syndrome, mainly with pain and constipation, has been evaluated.
      The mechanical activity of the sigmoid colon was recorded with a probe with three
      open-tipped tubes ending 45, 30, and 15 cm from the anal margin. After a
      recording period of 60 min, 5 mg cimetropium bromide or saline was given i.v.,
      according to a randomized, double-blind design 5 min before a 1000 calorie meal,
      and motility was then recorded for 2 h. The meal caused a significant increase in
      motor activity for 90 min in the saline-treated group. Cimetropium bromide
      abolished the peak of motor activity 10-20 min after the meal and significantly
      inhibited postprandial colonic motility for at least 2 h (p less than 0.01). This
      effect provides a rationale for the use of cimetropium bromide in treatment of
      the irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3366161
TI  - Effects of triamterene on serum and skeletal muscle electrolytes in diuretic
      treated patients.
AB  - The effects on plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes of the combination of
      triamterene 37.5 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily were studied in 19
      patients on prior long-term (greater than 1 year) diuretic therapy for arterial
      hypertension and/or congestive heart failure. A further 20 patients fulfilling
      the same admission criteria were used as controls. Blood samples and skeletal
      muscle biopsies were taken before the study and after 6 months on therapy. The
      diuretic-treated group had a significant increase in skeletal muscle potassium
      and magnesium after 6 months on therapy as compared to the controls. Thus, the
      combination of triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide appeared effective in
      preserving the cellular content of potassium and magnesium on a long-term basis
      in the type of patient studied.

PMID- 3366162
TI  - Is diurnal variation in absorption of slow-release aminophylline an age-related
      phenomenon?
AB  - To specifically assess the possible influence of ageing on the changes in
      theophylline absorption, the plasma concentration-time profiles of sustained
      release aminophylline were studied in 8 young and 8 elderly subjects after 9 a.m.
      and 9 p.m. administration. After 9 p.m. administration, in elderly subjects,
      maximum plasma theophylline concentrations (Cmax) were decreased, time to maximum
      concentration (tmax) was increased, and area under plasma concentration-time
      curve (AUC) was decreased compared to 9 a.m. dosing. This was true for single
      dose and at steady-state and suggests delayed and diminished absorption at night.
      No statistically significant changes were seen in the young subjects. This study
      therefore suggests that time related changes in absorption may be more
      significant in elderly subjects, possibly due to postural differences after 9
      p.m. dosing, and this should be borne in mind when prescribing.

PMID- 3366163
TI  - Inhibition by picotamide of thromboxane production in vitro and ex vivo.
AB  - The effect of picotamide on platelet function has been studied in vitro and ex
      vivo. Picotamide at micromolar concentrations inhibited platelet aggregation
      induced by ADP, arachidonic acid and collagen, and it also inhibited the
      production of thromboxane A2 (TxA2). Unlike aspirin, picotamide did not affect
      the synthesis of prostacyclin by blood vessels. In eight healthy subjects who
      took picotamide 1200 mg/d platelet aggregation and TxA2 production were
      inhibited. Picotamide appears to be an antiplatelet drug that reduces TxA2
      synthesis without affecting cyclo-oxygenase activity.

PMID- 3366164
TI  - Aldosterone response to metoclopramide is mediated through the autonomic nervous
      system in man.
AB  - This study primarily examines the role of the autonomic nervous system in the
      aldosterone response to metoclopramide since there is conflicting evidence as to
      the involvement of a dopaminergic mechanism in this response. Six normal male
      volunteers in metabolic balance at 100 mmol sodium/day and 60 mmol potassium/day
      constant intake received metoclopramide, 10 mg i.v., on five different occasions.
      The dosing was either metoclopramide alone or combined with ganglionic,
      muscarinic, beta-adrenergic or calcium-channel blockade. Metoclopramide increased
      serum aldosterone significantly to 163.3% of basal level at 10 min. Atropine
      blunted this response and the 10 min level was significantly reduced to 116.03%
      of the basal value. The highest aldosterone levels were attained when
      metoclopramide was administered during a trimethaphan infusion and a peak of
      292.8% of basal level occurred at 90 min. In the presence of atenolol, with or
      without nifedipine, the metoclopramide-induced aldosterone response was
      significantly greater at 15 min than with metoclopramide alone. The results of
      this investigation suggest that the aldosterone response to metoclopramide is
      mediated by acetylcholine released from post-ganglionic cholinergic nerve
      terminals, and that an adrenergic mechanism exerts a tonic inhibitory influence
      on aldosterone secretion in man.

PMID- 3366166
TI  - Dose proportionality of nadolol pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration
      to healthy subjects.
AB  - To support the increasing use of intravenous beta-blockers during cardiovascular
      emergency and surgery, dose proportionality of pharmacokinetics of nadolol was
      evaluated after intravenous administration of 14C-nadolol at doses of 1, 2 and 4
      mg to nine healthy volunteers. There were no observed differences in the
      excretion or the pharmacokinetics of nadolol with respect to the dose
      administered. Over a 72-h period after drug administration, an average of about
      60% of the dose was excreted in the urine and about 15% was excreted in the
      feces. The range of values for total body clearance (219 to 250 ml.min-1), renal
      clearance (131 to 150 ml.min-1), mean residence time (10.5 to 11.3 h), half-life
      (8.8 to 9.4 h), and steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) (147 to 157 l)
      indicated that nadolol was extensively distributed and slowly cleared from the
      body. There was a linear correlation (r2 = 0.97) between the area under the
      plasma concentration of nadolol versus time curve (AUC) and the dose. All
      pharmacokinetics parameters, except Vss, were slightly, but significantly,
      different at the 4 mg dose. Superposition of the dose-normalized average
      concentrations indicated that despite these minor differences in parameters, the
      pharmacokinetic behavior of nadolol was linear with respect to dose. Urinary
      excretion of nadolol was dose independent.

PMID- 3366165
TI  - Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral
      propranolol in healthy subjects.
AB  - Four subjects were synchronized with activity from 07 to 23 h and were given a
      single oral dose of 80 mg racemic propranolol at fixed times (08, 14, 20 and 02
      h) at weekly intervals. ANOVA revealed significant circadian changes in the peak
      propranolol concentration (Cmax), with a maximum at 08 h and a minimum at 02 h
      after drug intake; tmax was not dependent on the circadian phase. The elimination
      half-life varied significantly with the time of day, being shortest at 08 h (3.3
      h) and longest at 20 h (4.9 h). The stereospecificity of the propranolol
      pharmacokinetics was not dependent on the time of drug intake. No circadian
      variation was found in the maximum decrease in heart rate, but the time to peak
      effect was dependent on the time of drug intake; tmax was 2.3 h at 08 h and 7.0 h
      at 02 h. Thus, the time to peak drug concentration did not coincide with the time
      to peak effect on heart rate at different times of day. Circadian changes were
      also found in the systolic blood pressure and in the double product. The results
      show a significant daily variation in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular
      effects of propranolol. However, chronokinetics cannot explain the circadian
      changes in the effects of the drug. It is concluded that circadian variation in
      sympathetic tone and vascular reactivity is mainly responsible for the circadian
      changes in the effects of propranolol.

PMID- 3366167
TI  - The effects of posture on the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular benzylpenicillin.
AB  - Previous reports have produced conflicting results as to whether changes in
      posture affected the pharmacokinetics of the penicillins. We have studied the
      pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered benzylpenicillin in normal
      subjects during bedrest and ambulation and compared it with data obtained
      following intravenous administration of the same dose to the same subjects under
      the same conditions. The values of area under the curve, total clearance, mean
      residence time and renal clearance found during ambulation were 1175 (min.min.l
      1), 488 (ml.min-1), 101 (min), and 264 (ml.min-1) (means). The corresponding
      values for bedrest were 1032 (min.mg.l-1), 544 (ml.min-1), 96.7 (min), and 315
      (ml.min-1). There was a significant difference between the areas under the curve
      with change of posture but not between any of the other pharmacokinetic
      variables. The differences observed in this study are unlikely to be of clinical
      relevance. We suggest that the differences between the results of this study and
      those of previous studies may be related to the level of exercise undertaken by
      the subjects in the various studies.

PMID- 3366168
TI  - The disposition of biphenylacetic acid following topical application.
AB  - Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of biphenylacetic acid were determined
      following application of 3 g of 3% biphenylacetic acid gel to one knee of
      patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The mean peak plasma concentration
      was 34 ng/ml. Synovial fluid concentrations tended to follow plasma
      concentrations but at a somewhat lower level, the mean peak synovial fluid
      concentration was 21 ng/ml. The average ratio of synovial fluid AUC (0-24 h) to
      plasma AUC (0-24 h) was 0.58, r = 0.97. Where patients had bilateral effusions,
      the concentration in the ipsilateral knee at each time point examined was not
      significantly different to that in the contralateral knee, suggesting that
      absorption was initially into the plasma and subsequently into the synovium.

PMID- 3366169
TI  - The effect of food on the systemic availability of ketoprofen.
AB  - We have studied the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drug, in 12 patients after a single 100 mg oral dose both in fasting
      conditions and with a meal. Food significantly affected the peak plasma
      concentration of ketoprofen and decreased its absorption rate. However, the
      extent of absorption of ketoprofen, as reflected by the area under the plasma
      concentration time curve, appeared to be unchanged in the presence of food.

PMID- 3366170
TI  - Papaverine-induced coma.

PMID- 3366171
TI  - The relative contributions of immune system and target organ to variation in
      susceptibility of rats to experimental allergic thyroiditis.
AB  - Previous investigations of the cellular basis of genetic susceptibility to
      experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT) in semi-allogeneic mice bearing thyroid
      grafts from resistant, parental strain donors have indicated that these grafts
      remain relatively resistant to EAT when this is induced in the susceptible
      bearer. It was concluded that genetic control of susceptibility to EAT is
      expressed in both the immune system and the thyroid gland. Our experiments in
      which thyroid grafts were transferred to fully allogeneic, but immunologically
      tolerant, recipient rats indicate that thyroid tissue from an EAT-resistant
      strain of rat becomes entirely susceptible when transplanted into a susceptible
      host. The differing susceptibility of thyroid grafts in semi-allogeneic and
      tolerant allogeneic hosts may result from restrictions on interaction between
      host lymphocytes and the graft in the former situation. The present findings call
      into serious doubt the proposition that genetically determined resistance to EAT
      is mediated, to any extent, at the level of the target organ.

PMID- 3366172
TI  - Bimodal effect of oxytocin on avoidance behavior may be caused by the presence of
      two peptide sequences with opposite action in the same molecule.
AB  - Oxytocin (OXT) reduced locomotion, rearing, grooming and bolus production in a
      circular open field at 15 min, but not at 60 min, after a subcutaneous (s.c.)
      injection. The OXT fragments OXT-(1-8), OXT-(4-9), OXT-(4-8), OXT-(5-9) and OXT
      (5-8) had no effect at 15 min or 60 min after s.c. injection. OXT and its
      fragments attenuated passive avoidance behavior following postlearning
      (consolidation test) or preretention (retrieval test) injection. Some of the
      fragments were more potent than the parent molecule. The extinction of pole
      jumping avoidance behavior was inhibited by OXT-(1-9) in doses of 1 and 3
      micrograms s.c. Doses lower than 1 microgram had no effect or even tended to
      facilitate extinction. This bimodal effect was more pronounced when OXT fragments
      OXT-(4-9) and OXT-(5-9) were used. S.c. injection of these peptides in low doses
      (0.01-0.001 microgram) caused facilitation, and in doses higher than 0.1
      microgram inhibition, of pole-jumping avoidance behavior. Removal of the Gly9-NH2
      moiety eliminated the bimodal effect; such peptides (OXT-(1-8), OXT-(4-8), OXT-(5
      8) caused facilitation of extinction only. Since the C-terminal peptides Pro-Leu
      Gly-NH2 and Leu-Gly-NH2 both seem to inhibit extinction of pole-jumping avoidance
      behavior, it is possible that there are two sequences in the OXT molecule, which
      act in opposite ways.

PMID- 3366173
TI  - Demonstration of a distinct class of high-affinity binding sites for
      [3H]norharman [( 3H]beta-carboline) in the rat brain.
AB  - Specific binding sites were demonstrated for some beta-carbolines in the rat
      brain with [3H]norharman as a ligand. The ligand displayed a high affinity for
      synaptosomal membranes which had been fractionated by a sucrose gradient. The
      calculated apparent KD value was 1.55 nmol/l and the maximum number of binding
      sites 148 fmol/mg protein. Displacement studies showed an exclusive specificity
      for a small group of beta-carbolines but not for the previously described inverse
      agonists at the benzodiazepine receptor nor for tryptamine and other indoles, as
      well as pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Further analysis revealed other
      binding sites for [3H]norharman, with an apparent KD value of 36 nmol/l that are
      presumably located on mitochondrial membranes. Binding to these sites was also
      not displaced by pargyline. Pargyline displaced [3H]norharman from a third
      population of binding sites on mitochondrial membranes with the apparent KD value
      of 46 nmol/l. These findings could explain the pharmacological effects of
      norharman and other beta-carbolines in vivo.

PMID- 3366175
TI  - Post- and presynaptic effects of vesamicol (AH5183) on the frog neuromuscular
      junction.
AB  - The effects of vesamicol (AH5183), a blocker of acetylcholine transport, on the
      voltage-clamped neuromuscular junction of the frog were studied. Vesamicol (15-30
      microM) reduced the peak height of the ionophoretically applied acetylcholine
      induced current. The amplitude of the evoked endplate current was also decreased
      in the presence of vesamicol (30 microM). The endplate current was reduced
      further when the nerve was tetanically stimulated. The reduction of the endplate
      current after tetanic stimulation in the presence of vesamicol was due to a
      decrease in the mean quantal content. The decay time constants of the evoked
      endplate current and the miniature endplate current were also decreased by
      vesamicol. It was concluded that vesamicol acts as a postsynaptic blocker at the
      endplate. This neurotoxin could also decrease the immediately available quanta in
      the presynaptic nerve terminal, but the mechanism of action of vesamicol on
      transmitter release remains obscure.

PMID- 3366174
TI  - Inhibitory effects of some cyclohexylaralkylamines related to perhexiline on
      sodium influx, binding of [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-benzoate and
      [3H]nitrendipine and on guinea pig left atria contractions.
AB  - The antagonist activities of some cyclohexylaralkylamines derived from
      perhexiline on the fast Na+ channel and slow Ca2+ channel in rat brain and rat
      heart were examined and compared to the antagonist activities of nifedipine,
      verapamil, prenylamine and perhexiline. Prenylamine, perhexiline and the
      cyclohexylaralkylamine derivatives inhibited the [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha
      benzoate binding more than the [3H]nitrendipine binding in rat brain. The nature
      of the interaction of the cyclohexylaralkylamines with the binding of
      [3H]batrachotoxinin and [3H]nitrendipine was non-competitive. The synaptosomal
      22Na uptake induced by protoveratrine B, a Na+ channel agonist, was also
      inhibited. Prenylamine, perhexiline and perhexiline derivatives were more potent
      on the fast Na+ channel than on the Ca2+ channel in contrast to nifedipine and
      verapamil. The inhibition of Na+ and Ca2+ channels was also shown in guinea pig
      left atria. Perhexiline, prenylamine and the perhexiline derivatives inhibited
      the protoveratrine B-induced contraction more than they inhibited that induced by
      CaCl2, in contrast with nifedipine and verapamil. Our results showed that
      prenylamine, perhexiline and its related cyclohexylaralkylamines inhibited the
      fast Na+ channel far more than the slow Ca2+ channel in rat brain, rat heart and
      guinea pig atria.

PMID- 3366176
TI  - (+)-[3H]SK&F 10,047 binding sites in rat liver.
AB  - Stereospecific binding sites for (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047 have been demonstrated in rat
      liver. These binding sites were shown to be opioid receptors of the sigma type,
      and this was confirmed by their binding properties: reversibility, saturability,
      stereospecificity, effects of ions and various pharmacological drugs on (+)
      [3H]SK sigma F 10,047 binding. The authors suggest that (+)-[3H]SKF 10,047
      binding sites in liver and brain are a part of novel 'sigmergic' regulatory
      system.

PMID- 3366177
TI  - The protective effect of Meciadanol (O-methyl-3(+)-catechin) on experimental
      ulceration.
AB  - Meciadanol, (O-methyl-3(+)-catechin), a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor was
      shown to have a marked protective action against experimental peptic ulceration
      in three rat models. The three methods used to induce ulceration were the
      instillation of absolute alcohol, pyloric ligation following an ulcerogenic South
      Indian diet and the instillation of rice bran oil into the stomach after pyloric
      ligation. Meciadanol was shown to reduce incidence, numbers and areas of
      ulceration and protected mast cells against degranulation and to preserve a
      normal vascular patterns. Furthermore, Meciadanol reduced gastric acid output and
      concentration in the pylorus ligation model. These results indicate that
      Meciadanol may be useful for the treatment of peptic ulcers in humans.

PMID- 3366178
TI  - [35S]TBPS binding to membranes of the female sex organs: modulation of chloride
      ionophore by GABA and pentobarbital.
AB  - The capacity of membranes from the ovaries, oviducts and uteri of rats to bind
      [35S]t-butylbicyclo-phosphorothionate (TBPS), and the effect of gamma
      aminobutyric acid (GABA) and pentobarbital on the specific binding of TBPS were
      examined. Specific TBPS binding, that could be modulated by GABA and
      pentobarbital in an allosteric manner, was demonstrated. These findings indicate
      that the TBPS-labeled chloride ion channels in the female sex organs are
      regulated by GABA and pentobarbital sites, in a fashion similar to that observed
      in the brain.

PMID- 3366179
TI  - Reduction by acute restraint stress of noradrenaline sensitivity in the isolated
      pacemaker of the rat.
AB  - Acute restraint stress induced subsensitivity of the isolated pacemaker of the
      rat to the chronotropic effect of noradrenaline and reduced the affinity of
      atrial beta 1-adrenoceptors for metoprolol. The effects of restraint stress were
      abolished two days after bilateral adrenalectomy. The controlled venous infusion
      of noradrenaline plus adrenaline was without effect on the atrial sensitivity to
      noradrenaline and the pA2 value of metoprolol. It is concluded that the effects
      of restraint stress on atrial beta 1-adrenoceptors are mediated at least
      partially by adrenal corticosteroids.

PMID- 3366180
TI  - Attenuation of hemorrhagic shock by the non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid
      U74006F.
AB  - The ability of the novel non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U74006F to protect
      against the development of hemorrhagic shock was examined in pentobarbital
      anesthetized cats. The animals were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure
      (MAP) of 45-50 mm Hg where they were held for 2 h. At the end of the hemorrhage
      period, either vehicle, a 30 mg/kg dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate,
      or a 10 mg/kg dose of U74006F was administered i.v. followed by reinfusion of the
      shed blood. In vehicle-treated animals, there was a progressive post-reinfusion
      decline in the MAP over the subsequent 2 h. In the methylprednisolone-treated
      cats, the post-reinfusion decrease in the MAP was only slightly and not
      significantly better. In contrast, U74006F administration resulted in a
      significant maintenance of the MAP. These results suggest that U74006F may be
      efficacious for the attenuation of hemorrhagic shock and superior to conventional
      high dose glucocorticoid therapy in that context.

PMID- 3366181
TI  - LSD: permanent behavioral effect in rats.
AB  - Rats with a unilateral nigrostriatal lesion produced by infusion of 6
      hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) exhibited acute contralateral (apomorphine-like)
      rotation in response to systemic LSD administration. When re-introduced to the
      environment in which LSD had been administered weeks earlier, the animals
      exhibited a 2-3 min burst of contralateral rotation. This behavior developed over
      a period of weeks and could be produced by a single LSD treatment. This latent,
      undrugged rotation is similar to that which we previously reported to result from
      one or more apomorphine treatments.

PMID- 3366182
TI  - Effect of metoclopramide, bethanechol and the cholecystokinin receptor
      antagonist, L-364,718, on gastric emptying in the rat.
AB  - The prokinetic effects of metoclopramide, bethanechol and L-364,718 on a
      semisolid meal and solid pellet gastric emptying were evaluated and compared.
      Each compound increased the rate of meal emptying as measured 90 min post-dose. L
      364,718, a non-peptide CCK antagonist, was the most potent of these three agents
      with statistically significant activity observed at 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg p.o.
      Only metoclopramide significantly enhanced pellet emptying in a dose-dependent
      manner (3-30 mg/kg p.o.). The effects of each test agent and the potential
      physiologic role of cholecystokinin in regulating gastric emptying are discussed.

PMID- 3366183
TI  - [Changes in movement and ataxic gait with development in genetically ataxic mice:
      a comparison with the level of cerebellar cyclic nucleotide].
AB  - Spontaneous movement and ataxic gait in ataxic mice showing various pathological
      changes in the cerebellum were investigated according to developmental stage by
      the open-field method of comparison with normal mice. As the cerebellum contains
      relatively high levels of cyclic nucleotide, its concentrations was measured by
      radioimmunoassay to elucidate the correlation between spontaneous movement and
      ataxic gait and the neurological changes. The movements of Rolling Mouse Nagoya
      (RMN), Weaver and Reeler mice without Purkinje Cell Degeneration (PCD) were found
      to decrease at 4 and 12 weeks of age. The degree of ataxic gait worsen in RMN,
      was unchanged in Reeler and improved in Weaver and PCD mice. The cerebellar c-GMP
      concentration of ataxic mice was decreased, while no significant changes in c-AMP
      concentration were found in comparison with normal mice. With development, the
      level of cerebellar c-GMP in Weaver mice increased, but this was not apparent in
      RMN, Reeler or PCD mice. The results of this investigation indicated that there
      may be some relation between the degree of ataxic gait and the level of
      cerebellar c-GMP in Weaver mice.

PMID- 3366184
TI  - Coprophagy in female mice during pregnancy and lactation.
AB  - Coprophagy in female mice was observed predominantly in the reproductive stage.
      Female mice exhibited coprophagy more frequently during pregnancy and ingested
      larger amounts of feces during pregnancy and lactation than when they were not
      pregnant. Feces were found to be rich in vitamin B12 and folic acid. However,
      there were no marked fluctuations in the levels of either vitamin in the feces
      during pregnancy or lactation as compared with levels when animals were not
      pregnant. Acceleration of coprophagy during pregnancy and lactation seemed to
      correlate with the increased nutritional requirements of females during the
      reproductive stage.

PMID- 3366185
TI  - [Number of animals used in experiments in 1986--results of a survey--JALAS
      Working Group for Laboratory Animal Data Bank].
AB  - A survey on the number of animals used in experiments including bioassay,
      diagnosis, education and preparation of biological agents such as vaccines
      between April 1986 and March 1987 was conducted. Out of 917 universities,
      institutes, hospitals, testing laboratories and companies, 433 replies were
      received. The distribution of the number of animals is shown in the following
      tables: Number of Animals Used in Experiments in 1986 and 1981. (Table: see
      text).

PMID- 3366186
TI  - [Effect of position in the uterus on the fetal weight of the 21st day of
      pregnancy in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat].
AB  - Effects of intrauterine position of the fetuses on the weight of fetal sac, fetus
      and placenta were investigated on the 21th day of unilaterally (right)
      ovariectomized pregnant Wistar strain rats. Results were obtained as follows. 1.
      Litter size was negatively correlated with the mean weights of fetal sac and
      fetus. 2. The mean weights of male fetal sac and fetus were heavier than those of
      female ones, while there was no difference in the weight of placenta between male
      and female. 3. The mean weights of male fetal sac and fetus positioning ovarian
      end (OV) were lighter than those of ones at the other positions. And the highest
      frequency of the lightest weight of live fetuses was demonstrated at OV position.
      4. The mean weights of male fetal sac and fetus positioning between two males
      (2M) were heavier than those of ones positioning not next to male (0M). And the
      mean weight of 2M female fetal sac was heavier than those of 0M one. 5. The mean
      weights of fetal sac and fetus positioning next to resorbed fetus were heavier
      than those of ones positioning not next to resorbed fetus.

PMID- 3366187
TI  - [rdw rats, a new hereditary dwarf model in the rat].
AB  - A new hereditary dwarf mutation was found in Csk: Wistar-Imamichi rat breeding
      colony. The mutant rats and control normal rats were studied with clinical,
      genetical and histological examination. The result showed that the present
      mutation was inherited in autosomal recessive trait (gene symbol; rdw) and was
      provoked with the hypoplasia of pars distalis (anterior pituitary), in particular
      the secretory cells of GH, PRL and TSH. The characteristics of the present mutant
      (rdw) was very similar to dw mouse, and was usefull for endocrinological research
      as an animal model of human pituitary dwarfism.

PMID- 3366188
TI  - [An epizootic Staphylococcus infection in a nude mouse colony].
AB  - An epizootic of Staphylococcus infection causing abscesses was encountered in a
      small-scale breeding colony of nude mice of BALB/c background. The incidence of
      abscess was sporadic and mostly nude (nu/nu) mice aged over 3 months were
      affected. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the face, oral cavity, and
      feces of almost all nu/nu and heterozygous (nu/+) mice in the colony. After a
      prolonged time period, up to 10 to 14 months of age, almost all the S. aureus
      carrying nu/nu mice produced abscesses and eventually died. Athymicity of the
      host seemed to be a prerequisite for the abscess formation since nu/+ mice were
      spared from the lesions. Also, transfer of immunocompetent spleen cells cured the
      abscesses of the affected nude mice.

PMID- 3366189
TI  - [Multivariate analysis of hematological and serum biochemical values in female
      cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged less than a year].
AB  - Hematological and serum biochemical data obtained from 91 laboratory-bred
      cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged 11 to 362 days were analyzed by the
      discriminant analysis. All animals used had been bred and reared under uniform
      environmental conditions at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, N. I. H.,
      Japan. The examination items were as follows: red blood cell count (RBC),
      hematocrit value (Ht), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular volume
      (MCV), white blood cell count (WBC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
      (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT), total protein concentration
      (TP), albumin concentration (ALB), albumin-globulin ratio (A/G), blood urea
      nitrogen (BUN), glucose concentration (GLU), total cholesterol concentration
      (TCHO), free cholesterol concentration (FCHO), triglyceride concentration (TG),
      alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and calcium concentration (Ca). The animals
      were divided into four groups (A: Suckling infants, less than 176 days old. B, C,
      D: Weanlings and juveniles, 121 to 220 days old, 221 to 280 days old, and 281 to
      362 days old, respectively). Discrimination was possible among these four groups
      on the basis of the Mahalanobis' generalized distance. Regarding the canonical
      discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis with reduction of dimensionality),
      discrimination was possible. The suckling infant group could be discriminated
      from the juvenile groups by the first canonical variate. Concerning the juvenile
      groups, age was highly correlated to the value of the second canonical variate.2+
      Judging from an approximate relative eigenvector value for the second canonical
      variate, the effective discriminant variables were WBC, TP, ALB, A/G, FCHO, TG,
      and ALP. It can be concluded that these eight parameters are important and useful
      for monitoring the physiologicals conditions of growing juvenile monkeys.

PMID- 3366190
TI  - Chimeric heterosis in mandibular size in mice.
AB  - Morphometrical observations were carried out on the mandibles of chimeras made
      from the embryos of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to compare with the two strains and
      their reciprocal F1 crosses. The results of the principal component analysis
      indicate that the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal
      component (PC2) extracted might be acceptable as size and shape factors,
      respectively. Variations of both PC1 and PC2 were generally larger in the
      chimeras than in the two component strains and their F1 crosses. The mean PC1
      value of the chimeras was larger than that of the two component inbred strains,
      and it was similar to that of F1 crosses, or slightly larger. The overall size of
      the mandible represented by PC1 tended to be larger in the chimeras consisting of
      two component cells that were approximately equivalent than in those that shifted
      to either cell population. The above trend was observed in both sexes. These
      results indicate that chimeric heterosis due to the interaction between
      genetically different cells (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) has some relation to mandible
      size. The mean PC2 value, which was accepted as shape factor, was intermediate
      between the two inbred strains. The mandible size (PC1) and shape (PC2) were
      bilaterally symmetrical, except for the shape in the female chimeras and in
      (C57BL/6 x BALB/c)F1.

PMID- 3366191
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibody to CAR
      bacillus.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of CAR bacillus
      antibody in rat sera was developed by Ganaway et al., in 1985 although the ELISA
      method was not described in detail. We investigated antigen preparation and test
      procedures of the ELISA using two strains of CAR bacillus which we isolated from
      a mouse (CB-M) and a rat (CB-R). Allantoic fluids containing 2.4 X 10(8)/ml of CB
      M and 2.0 X 10(8)/ml of CB-R were washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline
      (PBS), resuspended in a 1/5 volume of sterile carbonate buffer (pH 9.8) and
      sonicated. Then 1/40 and 1/80 dilutions of CB-M and CB-R lysates in PBS,
      respectively, were used for antigen solutions of ELISA. Briefly, antibodies in
      sera are reacted with antigens coated on the surface of microtiter plates. The
      amount of horse radish peroxidase labeled protein-A or anti-rat IgG bound to the
      antigen-antibody complexes is measured on the spectro photometer at wave length
      of 492 nm. A total of 180 mouse and 205 rat sera were tested against both
      antigens. The optical density (OD) values of 140 mouse and 161 rat sera obtained
      from SPF mice and rats free from CAR bacillus infection were on the average 0.005
      and 0.019, respectively. On the other hand, OD values of the sera collected from
      CB-M or CB-R infected animals ranged from 0.20 to 1.52. According to these
      results, the cut-off OD value for positive reaction was set at 0.1.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366192
TI  - [Small intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity and changes induced by cysteamine
      administration in fecal excretions of male Wistar rats].
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in fecal excretions was measured in male
      Wistar rats. Total daily ALP activity in fecal extracts was 133.1 +/- 21.2
      mumoles/min per rat weighing approximately 150 g. We found that 63.7% of the
      fecal ALP activity was inhibited by 30 mM L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), a specific
      inhibitor for intestinal ALP. As body weight increased from 150 g to 300 g, total
      daily ALP activity in fecal extracts decreased rapidly to 33.7 +/- 6.08
      mumoles/min/rat. However, the percentage of L-Phe-sensitive ALP to total enzyme
      activity was less variable (40-65%) in the growing rats. Cysteamine-HCl, an
      ulcerogenic drug, was injected subcutaneously to adult rats (300 g b. w) at a
      dosage of 400 mg/kg. b. w. Daily excretion of L-Phe-sensitive ALP in fecal
      extracts decreased to one-third 2 days after injection. Afterwards, a steep and
      transient increase in the enzyme activity was detected in fecal extracts between
      days 4 and 7 after injection. ALP activity in fecal excretions may be a clinical
      indicator of duodenal mucosal damage.

PMID- 3366193
TI  - Biological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nude mice.
AB  - The characteristics of 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from BALB/c
      nude mice (nu/nu, nu/+) with or without subcutaneous abscesses [13] were
      examined. All the 50 strains belonged to biotype B according to the
      classification by Hajek and Marsalek. All of them were phage typable, showing a
      single phage pattern of 52A/79/47/53/77/83A/85. The coagulase type was classified
      as VII. All of the 50 strains were highly sensitive to penicillin,
      methylphenylisoxazolyl penicillin, erythromycin, spiramycin, lincomycin,
      chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and cephaloridine, but were
      resistant to sulfisoxazole. Two S. aureus strains isolated from the nostril and
      finger of one person working in the mouse colony were identified as the same
      biotype as the murine strains but different in phage type, coagulase type and
      drug resistance pattern.

PMID- 3366194
TI  - "Trembler"--a nervous disorder in chickens.
AB  - The trembler chickens, which spontaneously occurred in the Poultry farm of Animal
      Genetics Laboratory of Nagoya University, showed the phenotypic symptoms as of
      the tremor of the head, neck and body. Mild symptoms of shaking were observed in
      most of the day-old affected chicks, but this sign will be kept calm during 1-4
      weeks old. Subsequently, trembling became clearly evident. Progressing with age,
      the trembling severely increased inducing the chickens to walk with a stumbling
      gait. In the terminal stages the chickens were hardly to stand and die from
      inanition. Mating experiments between half-sib and sire-daughter have revealed
      that the responsible gene (tr) for the trembler chicken is an autosomal recessive
      gene.

PMID- 3366195
TI  - [Behavioral pharmacology investigation of the wriggle mouse Sagami].
AB  - To elucidate the ataxic mechanism of Wriggle mouse Sagami (WMS), a behavioural
      pharmacological investigation was carried out by open-field study. The
      dysfunction of DA receptor, alpha-receptor, beta-receptor, 5-HT receptor and Ach
      receptor appeared in WMS. Further examination will be necessary to investigate
      WMS with receptor dysfunction.

PMID- 3366196
TI  - A new model cage for simultaneous measurements of wheel-running and ambulatory
      activity in the rat.
AB  - A new type of cage including a running wheel basket and tilting floor was
      developed. Using this cage it was possible to record simultaneously wheel-running
      and ambulatory activity of the rat.

PMID- 3366197
TI  - [A trial of histological preparation of early mouse embryos with the Technovit
      7100 system].
AB  - A reproducible procedure was devised for making histological preparations of
      early mouse embryos cultured in vitro. This method was characterized by use of a
      resinous embedding material, Technovit 7100, and a 96-well U-bottomed microplate,
      which enabled efficient rinsing and dehydration of fixed embryos without loss.
      Technovit 7100 polymerized or hardened at room temperature slowly enough to allow
      sedimentation of embryos to the bottom, which enabled more correct prediction of
      the place of the embryos at sectioning. The present method will lead to easier
      microscopic observation of early embryos in embryology.

PMID- 3366198
TI  - Incidence of lordosis behavior in the female rat following removal of the
      vomeronasal organ.
AB  - The lordosis behavior in female rats following removal of the vomeronasal organ
      (VNO) was observed for a period of 14 hrs by means of a video camera monitor.
      Although the VNO-ablated female rats received a large number of mounts (96 to 204
      times) by sexually active males, they showed only low scores (8 to 22) of
      lordosis quotients (number of lordosis behavior displayed/number of mounts X
      100). In contrast, sham-operated females showed the highest lordosis quotients of
      100 as was expected.

PMID- 3366200
TI  - Electromyogram coactivation patterns of the elbow antagonist muscles during slow
      isokinetic movement.
AB  - Electromyograms from the flexor and extensor muscles of normal human elbows were
      simultaneously recorded during maximal-effort isokinetic movement at 15 degrees/s
      over the joint's full range of motion. The antagonist electromyogram was
      normalized with respect to its electromyogram when acting as agonist at maximal
      effort and plotted as a function of joint angle. The coactivation patterns were
      nearly inversely related to each muscle's moment arm variations with joint angle,
      suggesting that the antagonist may have generated constant opposing torque
      throughout the movement. Female subjects had a statistically significant higher
      coactivation level of the flexors and extensors compared with that of males,
      reflecting the increase in joint efficiency associated with daily muscular
      activity which is manifested by reduction in antagonist activity. The functional
      role of antagonist coactivation in augmenting ligament stabilizing functions,
      equalizing the pressure distribution over the articular surface, and regulating
      the joint's mechanical impedance are discussed. The source of such coactivation
      appears to be due to proprioceptive and joint kinesthetic afferent input in
      addition to possible direct common drive.

PMID- 3366199
TI  - Long-term changes in neuromuscular synapses with altered sensory input to a
      crayfish motoneuron.
AB  - Prolonged changes in crayfish motoneuron electrical activity result in
      adaptations in neuromuscular synapses which are consistent with findings at other
      synapses. In this study we establish that this long-term adaptation (LTA) of
      crayfish neuromuscular synapses to increased activation of the motoneuron does
      not require the activation of any other neurons. Selectively increasing the
      impulse activity of the relatively inactive fast closer excitor motoneuron (FCE)
      over a period of 7 days results in a 41% reduction in initial amplitude of the
      excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), and a 42% decrease in synaptic fatigue.
      These changes in EPSP properties have been previously shown to be due to
      decreased initial transmitter release and greater sustained release of
      transmitter during prolonged stimulation. Chronic stimulation of sensory
      receptors known to produce subthreshold synaptic potentials in the central
      processes of the FCE elicits LTA of its neuromuscular synapses. The initial EPSP
      is decreased by 21%, and the synaptic fatigue is reduced by 17%. These results
      lead to the hypothesis that the primary event leading to LTA of neuromuscular
      synapses is depolarization of the motoneuron.

PMID- 3366201
TI  - Diminished dorsal root GABA sensitivity following chronic peripheral nerve
      injury.
AB  - The depolarizing effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on rat lumbar dorsal
      roots was studied in a sucrose gap chamber following axotomy or crush injury of
      the sciatic nerve or dorsal root. The mean depolarization elicited by GABA on
      normal dorsal roots (3.96 +/- 0.71 mV, N = 14) was significantly reduced
      following chronic sciatic axotomy (2.02 +/- 0.99 mV, N = 15). Chronic sciatic
      crush injury had no significant effect on dorsal root GABA sensitivity. The
      amplitudes of the dorsal root compound action potentials were the same from rats
      with normal and injured sciatic nerves, indicating that axons proximal to the
      sciatic nerve lesion did not undergo appreciable degeneration. A marked loss of
      dorsal root GABA sensitivity was also seen following dorsal root axotomy or crush
      injury (1.02 +/- 0.98 mV (N = 10) and 0.69 +/- 0.70 mV (N = 9), respectively).
      These results indicate that GABA sensitivity of dorsal roots is attenuated
      following peripheral nerve lesions in which regeneration and functional
      reconnection with peripheral targets are prevented. Previous work indicates that
      the primary afferent depolarization is reduced under similar conditions. The
      reduction in GABA sensitivity of dorsal root fibers described here may have a
      contributory role in the reduced primary afferent depolarization that follows
      peripheral nerve transection, which has pathophysiologic implications in chronic
      pain syndromes.

PMID- 3366202
TI  - Regional cerebral palmitate incorporation after unilateral auditory deprivation
      in immature and adult Fischer-344 rats.
AB  - Regional cerebral incorporation of intravenously injected [U-14C]palmitate was
      measured from 1 day to 13 weeks after left cochlear destruction in 11-day- and 3
      month-old, awake Fischer-344 rats. In 11-day-old animals, statistically
      significant left-right differences in incorporation were absent 1 day after
      cochlear destruction and were found only in parts of the cochlear nucleus and
      inferior colliculus after 1 week. After 6 to 13 weeks, consistent with functional
      neuroanatomy of central auditory regions, incorporation was reduced by 6 to 9% in
      the left cochlear nucleus and left lateral superior olivary nucleus, compared
      with corresponding right-side regions. The right medial superior olivary nucleus,
      medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral lemniscus nucleus, inferior
      colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex had 5 to 9% less
      incorporation than did corresponding left-side regions. Fewer significant
      differences after chronic auditory deprivation occurred in 3-month-old rats than
      in 11-day-old rats following cochlear destruction. Reduced incorporation
      corresponded to reported changes in cell morphology, which also were greater in
      immature than mature rats following auditory deprivation. The results suggest
      that the palmitate method can be used to identify long-term regional changes in
      the turnover of brain lipids after sensory deprivation.

PMID- 3366203
TI  - Human perioral directional sensitivity.
AB  - The capacity of 41 neurologically healthy young adults to distinguish opposing
      directions of brush motion across the skin innervated by the mental nerve was
      determined. The velocity and orientation and the length and width of skin
      traversed by the moving tactile stimuli were carefully controlled. Directional
      sensitivity, d', was found to vary curvilinearly with velocity over the range 0.5
      to 32 cm/s. Because the data from most subjects were well described by a
      generalized gamma function, it was possible to characterize this velocity
      dependency quantitatively. Specifically, indices derived from these functions
      were found to describe the subject's peak (i.e., maximal) sensitivity, the
      velocity which resulted in peak sensitivity (i.e., the optimal velocity), and the
      degree to which stimulus velocity influenced the ability to recognize direction
      of motion (i.e., the velocity-tuning of d'). Peak sensitivity, optimal velocity,
      and the degree of global velocity-tuning were found to differ between males and
      females. Confidence limits (the lower and upper 2.5% points) for the normative
      data were determined to enable detection and characterization of deficits in
      orofacial tactile motion sensitivity in individuals with damaged mandibular
      nerves.

PMID- 3366204
TI  - Collagenosis in wallerian degeneration depends on peripheral nerve type.
AB  - In the mature rat we determined the extent of peripheral nerve collagenosis in
      response to Wallerian degeneration and examined whether or not nonfibroblastic
      elements such as Schwann cells were important. Collagen was estimated as the
      hydroxy-proline content of normal and axotomized nerve fascicles after single or
      double crush lesions of both myelinated and unmyelinated nerves. Crushed
      unmyelinated nerve produced two to four times more collagen relative to control
      nerve than did the sciatic nerve. The nature of the interaction between two
      successive crushes was different in the two nerves. These results suggest that
      the degree of collagen fibrillogenesis occurring in Wallerian degeneration is
      dependent on peripheral nerve type and that the presence of myelin is not
      necessary for collagen fibrillogenesis.

PMID- 3366205
TI  - Alterations in contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus muscle from
      C57BL/6J mice following denervation at 1 day of age.
AB  - Changes in contractile properties of developing fast-twitch skeletal muscle of
      the C57/BL6J mouse were studied following neonatal denervation. A sciatic
      neurectomy was performed at 1 day of age and then denervated and control muscles
      were examined at 7, 14, and 21 days postdenervation. In addition, normal muscles
      were studied at 1 day of age. The denervated muscles exhibited prolongation of
      time-to-peak twitch tension and half-relaxation time, a slowing of the maximum
      velocity of shortening, and a marked increase in resistance to fatigue compared
      with controls. Isometric tetanus tension was reduced compared to the control
      muscle both in absolute terms and when expressed relative to body weight at all
      ages studied. The absolute isometric twitch tension was reduced at 7 and 14 days,
      but was reduced only at 21 days when expressed as a fraction of the muscle
      weight. Post-tetanic twitch potentiation failed to appear in the denervated
      muscle. It would appear that neonatal denervation results in an uncoupling of the
      developmental pattern of skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3366206
TI  - Carrier detection for adrenoleukodystrophy by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - With a newly devised method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we
      scrutinized lipid extraction of very-long-chain fatty acids of cultured skin
      fibroblasts from obligate (n = 4) and possible (n = 3) carriers for
      adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in order to establish the best method to detect a
      carrier for the ALD gene. All four methods (total esterified fatty acids, total
      fatty acids with acetonitrile-HCl, total fatty acids with methanolic-HCl, and
      triacylglycerol fraction) were applicable to carrier detection, but from the
      standpoint of simplicity and sensitivity, the method using total fatty acids with
      acetonitrile-HCl seemed to be the best. This is the first study of ALD carrier
      detection in which cultured skin fibroblasts are investigated using HPLC as an
      analytical method.

PMID- 3366207
TI  - Metabolic changes in the superior colliculus after retinal receptor loss-
      neurotrophic interactions in the inactive visual system.
AB  - In the mature rat, direct denervation by means of eye enucleation resulted in a
      temporary metabolic depression followed by "recovery" in primary visual centers
      as determined by the 2-deoxyglucose technique (4). After unilateral destruction
      of the retinal receptor layer by means of intense light, the superior colliculus
      (SC) demonstrated this same depression-recovery process. Because receptor
      destruction is believed to silence ongoing ganglion cell activity, and because
      the SC changes occurred whether or not ganglion cells sustained damage, it
      appeared that direct denervation of colliculus neurons was not necessary to
      initiate the depression-recovery sequence and that lack of activity or "disuse"
      was the critical factor. The silencing effect of the receptor destruction was
      confirmed when tetrodotoxin (TTX) injections into the damaged eye 2 months after
      damaging light exposure only slightly affected metabolic activity in the
      recovered colliculus. Binocular TTX injections in unilaterally light-damaged rats
      after 2 months of recovery resulted in greater depression in the normal
      colliculus than in the "recovered" colliculus, again suggesting that increases in
      glucose metabolism over time reflected physiological adjustments in the SC to
      loss of afferent activity. The strong depression in the SC fed by the normal eye
      after TTX injection confirmed that tonic retinal afferent activity was important
      to the metabolic integrity of the SC and that cessation of such activity could
      lead to at least to depression in the system. In a final group of 2-month
      recovery animals the light-damaged eye was enucleated. Presumably, if withdrawal
      of afferent activity is solely responsible for initiating the depression-recovery
      sequence, the destruction of already silenced retinal ganglion cells would have
      no effect on the recovered SC. This was not found to be the case. In fact,
      enucleation reinstated the metabolic depression in the recovered SC and
      demonstrated that denervation per se resulted in depression of glucose metabolism
      in postsynaptic neurons. Even in the absence of impulse activity, visual system
      neurons maintained trophic interactions.

PMID- 3366208
TI  - Alterations of group Ia-motoneuron monosynaptic EPSPs in aged cats.
AB  - The fashion in which the aging process affects synaptic transmission was explored
      in old cats. The synapses between Ia-afferent fibers and spinal cord alpha
      motoneurons were studied employing intracellular recording techniques. The
      amplitude and time course of Ia-motoneuron monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic
      potentials (Ia-EPSPs) recorded from motoneurons of the gastrocnemius medialis
      motor pool were determined in adult (1-3 years of age) and in old (14-15 years of
      age) cats. These Ia-EPSPs were evoked by the stimulation of the gastrocnemius
      medialis nerve in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. No statistically significant
      change was found in the amplitude of these synaptic potentials in the old cats
      compared with the adult controls. In contrast, their time course was markedly
      modified; both rise-time and half-width were significantly longer in the old
      cats. In addition, the rate-of-rise of these Ia-EPSPs was significantly slower in
      the old cats. No breaks or inflections were observed on the rising phase of the
      potentials in the adult cats, whereas they were present in a subpopulation of
      potentials in the old cats. There was also a reduction, in the old cats, in the
      conduction velocity of the peripheral portion of the Ia-afferent fibers. These
      data indicate that Ia synaptic transmission is considerably affected during old
      age. It is suggested that these effects in aged cats may be due to modifications
      in presynaptic as well as postsynaptic processes.

PMID- 3366209
TI  - Identification of Giardia lamblia isolates susceptible and resistant to infection
      by the double-stranded RNA virus.
AB  - The presence or absence of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA virus (GLV)
      was surveyed among 38 axenic isolates of G. lamblia derived from both humans and
      animals. Of the 28 isolates lacking the virus, 19 could readily be infected by
      the virus. The remaining 9 isolates proved to be resistant to GLV infection even
      when the ratio between virus to parasite reached as high as 10(6) to 1. Evidence
      is also presented indicating that there are at least two "Portland 1" strains
      being used by the current scientific community, one containing the virus and the
      other lacking the virus.

PMID- 3366210
TI  - Further characterization of refractoriness in Aedes aegypti (L.) to infection by
      Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy).
AB  - Factors which control the expression of the refractory or susceptible condition
      to infection with Dirofilaria immitis in the mosquito. Aedes aegypti, were
      investigated using three protocols. (1) Microfilariae and prelarvae were injected
      into the hemocoel of susceptible A. aegypti. Some microfilariae and prelarvae
      developed to the L1 larval stage but they failed to complete development to the
      infective stage. (2) Enema of microfilariae and prelarvae from infected
      susceptible and refractory donor females were given into the midgut of uninfected
      susceptible and refractory recipient females. The results indicate that the
      conditions which inhibit the initiation of development are present in the
      Malpighian tubules and not in the midgut of the refractory mosquitoes. (3)
      Transplants of infected Malpighian tubules from susceptible and refractory donor
      females were made into the abdominal hemocoel of uninfected susceptible and
      refractory recipient females. The results showed that the refractory condition
      depends on the genetic makeup of the donor, not the recipient, mosquito. The
      above results taken as a whole indicate that the factors which control
      refractoriness are not present in the midgut but are present in the Malpighian
      tubule cells of refractory A. aegypti.

PMID- 3366211
TI  - Brugia pahangi: granulomatous lesion development in jirds following single and
      multiple infections.
AB  - The development of adult worm burdens and microfilaremias were determined in
      jirds which received 2, 3, or 4 subcutaneous inoculations of 50 Brugia pahangi
      infective larvae. Parasite burdens in multiply inoculated jirds were compared to
      those in four different groups of jirds which received single inoculations of 50
      infective larvae. One of each of these singly inoculated groups was infected on
      the same day that one of the inoculations was given to the multiply infected
      jirds. Thus, the duration of the infections in the four groups of jirds receiving
      one inoculation was 54, 118, 189, and 254 days. The development of lymphatic
      lesions and granulomatous hypersensitivity to B. pahangi antigen was assessed in
      all jirds at necropsy. The percentage recoveries of adult worms and their
      locations did not differ in the singly inoculated jirds with infections of
      different durations. A protective resistance to reinfection, as measured by adult
      worm recovery in multiply infected jirds, did not occur. The lymphatic lesion
      scores and numbers of intralymphatic thrombi was greatest in singly inoculated
      jirds examined 54 days after infection. Pulmonary granuloma areas around adult
      filarial antigen coated beads embolized in the lungs of jirds 3 days prior to
      necropsy were also greatest in singly inoculated jirds examined 54 days after
      infection. Using criteria of lesion scores and lymph thrombi numbers to assess
      lymphatic lesion severity, a decrease in lesion severity as well as pulmonary
      granuloma size around antigen coupled beads was seen by 118 days after infection
      in singly inoculated jirds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366212
TI  - Gossypol-induced death of African trypanosomes.

PMID- 3366213
TI  - Leishmania donovani: role of microviscosity of macrophage membrane in the process
      of parasite attachment and internalization.
AB  - Host macrophage infection by the parasite Leishmania donovani is heterogeneous,
      but it is not clear which factors are responsible for parasite recognition within
      the macrophages. One possible factor may be the alteration of the microviscosity
      of the macrophage membrane. This in turn may affect receptor expression and hence
      parasite infection. In this paper we describe alteration of the lipid composition
      and hence the microviscosity of the macrophage membrane in a controlled manner
      using liposome fusion technique. At a higher macrophage membrane microviscosity a
      larger number of parasites have been found to adhere to the macrophage surface.
      However, the proportion of parasites finally internalized when compared to
      parasites adhering to macrophages is inversely correlated with the artificially
      altered macrophage membrane microviscosity. The process of endocytosis has been
      examined in both native and lipid modified macrophages in the presence of several
      sugar antagonists. The results indicate (i) glucose and mannose are specifically
      involved in the binding process, and (ii) the microviscosity has a key role in
      controlling the macrophage parasite interaction. The results obtained so far
      support a model of endocytosis where expression of the receptor is a critical
      initial process dependent on the microviscosity of the membrane.

PMID- 3366214
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: quantitative relationships between intestinal worm burden,
      worm rejection, and the measurement of intestinal immunity in inbred mice.
AB  - The effect of widely different doses of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae on
      time to rejection of intestinal adults and on host survival was assessed in mice
      of the three rejection phenotypes; strong, intermediate, and weak. Rejection is
      weak with doses of less than 50 larvae per mouse. At these doses all mice
      rejected worms at a similar rate and no phenotypic variation was evident among
      strains. In contrast, rejection time was shortest for all strains and phenotypic
      variation among strains was evident in the range 50-100 muscle larvae/mouse.
      Above this dose the time taken to rejection increases monotonically with dose for
      all mouse strains examined. Despite this, the relative strength of rejection
      (i.e., phenotype) of a given strain of mouse was not changed at higher doses.
      Based on an end point of 98% rejection of the infective dose, time to rejection
      was predictable to +/- 1 day for all mouse strains and doses tested over the
      range 100-1000 worms administered. The principal reason for the increased time to
      complete rejection with larger worm doses was a delay in the initiation of
      intestinal rejection. This delay was evident above a dose of 50-100 larvae per
      mouse and occurred in all strains. Once begun, rejection was faster and
      eliminated more worms in unit time at higher doses (400-800 more) than at lower
      doses of worms. This appeared to be due to a stronger immune response of the host
      at higher doses. However, the increase in the rate of rejection was still not as
      great as the increase in the dose. We postulate that the delay in rejection with
      increased dose is due to a requirement for a "critical mass" of effectors/worm
      required to cause rejection. As dose increases, more time is required to reach
      the level at which worm rejection commences. Deaths due to higher doses of worms
      also occurred in a strain-specific manner and were temporally biphasic. The
      intestinal phase of infection produced mortality from 1 to 5 days after infection
      and the strongest rejection phenotype (NFS) was also the most resistant to
      intestinal deaths. Deaths occurring after Day 5 were due to the parenterally
      migrating newborn larvae. The weakest rejection phenotype, that of the B10
      congenics, was also the least resistant to intestinal deaths. An experimental
      formula describing 98% worm rejection time with different doses was derived from
      the data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3366215
TI  - Ascaris suum: development of intestinal immunity to infective second-stage larvae
      in swine.
AB  - The development of protective immunity to Ascaris suum was examined in pigs
      naturally exposed to eggs on a contaminated dirt lot. Pigs became almost totally
      immune to second-stage larvae migrating from the intestines because few larvae
      from a challenge inoculum could be found in the lungs, and liver white-spot
      lesions (an immunopathologic response to migrating larvae) were absent. Blood
      from these pigs contained lymphocytes that responded blastogenically to larval
      antigens in vitro, while the serum contained antibody to larval antigens.
      Immunity was related to parasite exposure and not to the age of the host, and was
      not affected by the removal of adult A. suum from the intestines. Naturally
      exposed pigs responded to a variety of A. suum antigens with an immediate-type
      skin reactivity, and their intestinal mucosa contained relatively large numbers
      of mast cells and eosinophils. Other pigs were maintained on a dirt lot not
      contaminated with A. suum eggs and the effects of common environmental conditions
      on development of resistance to A. suum were studied. Resistance also developed
      in these pigs because 72% fewer larvae were detected in their lungs following a
      challenge exposure than in control pigs confined indoors on concrete floors and
      challenged similarly. This response was not expressed at the intestinal level,
      however, because their livers had numerous, intense white-spot lesions. To verify
      that the intestinal immunity that developed in pigs after natural exposure to A.
      suum was a direct result of homologous infection and not related to other stimuli
      encountered on a dirt lot, pigs maintained indoors on concrete floors, free from
      inadvertent helminthic infection, were inoculated orally with A. suum eggs daily
      for 16 weeks. Intestinal immunity was induced because larvae from a challenge
      inoculum were not detected in the lungs, and few white-spot lesions appeared on
      the livers of these pigs. Apparently, continual exposure of the intestinal mucosa
      to larvae eventually elicits the appropriate effector components necessary to
      prevent larval migration from the intestines.

PMID- 3366216
TI  - Nematospiroides dubius: passive transfer of protective immunity to mice with
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Nine hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for
      Nematospiroides dubius were produced by fusion of the mouse myeloma cell line NS
      1 to either spleen cells or mesenteric lymph node cells from mice repeatedly
      infected with N. dubius. Seven of the antibodies were identified as IgM and two
      as IgG1. Each monoclonal antibody bound to polypeptide epitopes on both infective
      larvae (L3) and adult worms. However, five antibodies bound preferentially to L3
      and three to adult worms. All nine antibodies reacted with high molecular weight
      protein antigens. Passive protective immunity in Balb/c mice was demonstrated
      with monoclonal antibodies Nd2 and Nd3 in ascites fluid which stunted both male
      and female worms and reduced parasite fecundity.

PMID- 3366217
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: relationship between cercarial production levels and snail
      host susceptibility.
AB  - Two populations of Biomphalaria glabrata snails differing slightly in their
      susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni infection showed dramatic differences in
      cercarial output per snail. Exposed to five or more miracidia, snails from a
      group with a 90-100% susceptibility rate (Group A) produced nearly twice the
      number of cercariae as those from a group with a 70-80% susceptibility rate
      (Group B). Exposure of individual snails to known numbers of miracidia resulted
      in higher numbers of primary (mother) sporocysts in Group A snails than in Group
      B snails. However, monomiracidial exposure of snails from both groups resulted in
      equivalent numbers of cercariae produced per positive snail, indicating that,
      once established, all primary sporocysts possess a similar reproductive
      potential. Morphometric analysis of serially sectioned 9-day-old primary
      sporocysts supported this conclusion; the size of the primary sporocysts and the
      size and numbers of secondary (daughter) sporocysts within each primary sporocyst
      were comparable in snails from both groups. The data indicate cercarial
      production in this system is regulated prior to, and/or during, early development
      of the primary sporocyst.

PMID- 3366218
TI  - Prognostic relevance of serum-markers in relation to histopathology, stage and
      initial symptoms in advanced low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
AB  - The prognostic relevance of 4 different serum markers (deoxythymidine kinase = S
      TK, lactic dehydrogenase = S-LDH, S-Haptoglobin and S-Orosomucoid) in relation to
      histopathology according to the Kiel classification, stage and presence or
      absence of initial symptoms were investigated in 168 consecutive cases of low
      grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). All serum markers, as well as the other three
      parameters, gave prognostic information. Univariate analysis yielded a high
      predictive value (p less than 0.0002) for both S-TK and S-LDH. The best
      information regarding the probability of survival was, however, obtained from the
      presence or absence of symptoms from lymphoma manifestations other than those
      caused by a strictly local tumor mass. Since S-TK and S-LDH correlated well with
      each other, only the better of them, S-TK, gave information additional to initial
      symptoms in a multivariate test.

PMID- 3366220
TI  - Refractoriness to alpha-interferon (Intron A) in previously chemotherapy-treated
      patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia.
AB  - 8 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in the chronic phase who had previously
      received chemotherapy were given alpha-interferon (Intron A). The Intron A was
      administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2 x 10(6) I.U./m2 three times a week and
      this was increased to 4-5 million I.U./m2 daily if no response was obtained after
      6-8 months. 1 patient was Philadelphia chromosome-negative and was the only one
      who showed a major response to treatment. The other 7 patients never achieved
      haematologic remissions, or even a significant reduction in the immature blood
      leucocyte count or spleen size.

PMID- 3366219
TI  - Human myeloma: several subsets of circulating lymphocytes express plasma cell
      associated antigens.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 9 monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined
      significance (MGUS) and 27 multiple myelomas (MM) were studied with a panel of
      monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that recognize B and T lymphocytes and plasma cells.
      No difference in the percentage of B lymphocytes, identified by B1 and B4 MoAb,
      was observed in MGUS and MM patients versus normal controls. However, high
      percentages of circulating lymphocytes expressing plasma cell-associated antigens
      were detected in MM (HAN-PC1+ = 29.4 +/- 20.4%; TEC-T10+ = 27.8 +/- 19.2%)
      whereas they were in the normal range in MGUS (HAN-PC1+ = 8.8 +/- 5.8% p = 0.006;
      TEC-T10+ = 5.7 +/- 4.7% p less than 0.001). Almost identical results were
      obtained using PCA-1 MoAb in 17 of these patients. TEC-T10+ and PCA-1+
      lymphocytes were sorted and re-analyzed with phycoerythrin conjugated MoAb in 3
      healthy subjects, 2 MGUS, and 4 MM patients. In normal subjects and in MGUS the
      majority of PCA-1+ cells belonged to the B lineage (Leu 2-, Leu3-, Leu 15-, HLA
      Dr+), whereas the majority of TEC-T10+ cells are represented by activated T cells
      and NK cells (Leu 15+). In MM an abnormal expansion of T lymphocytes was chiefly
      responsible for the high values of lymphocytes expressing plasma cell-associated
      antigens. Moreover, in MM a clinical evaluation showed a correlation between the
      presence of these lymphocytes and an aggressive disease. Indeed, they can be
      considered a useful prognostic marker.

PMID- 3366221
TI  - Zygomycosis in aplastic anaemia: response to a combined regimen of amphotericin B
      and antilymphocyte globulin.
AB  - A 22-yr-old man with aplastic anaemia was treated with high dose
      methylprednisolone. A month later he developed severe epistaxis which was not
      controlled by regular platelet transfusions. A balloon catheter inserted into the
      left nostril caused necrosis of the left ala nasi accompanied by gross facial
      oedema. He received treatment with horse ALG for aplastic anaemia but developed
      gross facial oedema and anaesthesia of incisor and canine teeth on the right
      side. Radiographs initially showed thickening of the maxillary antral mucosa and
      later erosion of the maxilla over the anaesthetic region. A biopsy specimen of
      this region contained hyphae of zygomycetes. He was treated with amphotericin B
      and a second course of antilymphocyte globulin followed by oxymetholone. He has
      made a satisfactory clinical and haematological recovery.

PMID- 3366222
TI  - Refractory anaemia according to the FAB classification: a report on 69 cases.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1986, we diagnosed refractory anaemia (RA), according to the FAB
      classification, in 69 patients, who constituted 22% of the 312 cases of
      myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) seen over that period. The haematological
      features were variable, with pancytopenia in 14 cases (20%), bicytopenia in 24
      (36%) and mono-cytopenia in the remaining patients, including 21 (30%) cases of
      anemia alone, 8 (12%) cases of refractory neutropenia and 2 (3%) cases of
      refractory thrombocytopenia. Myelodysplastic features were also quite variable,
      involving one, two or all three lineages. In patients with a single cytopenia or
      only one dysplastic lineage, FAB criteria appeared insufficient for adequate
      inclusion among RA and we suggest more precise diagnostic criteria, resulting
      from the utilization of cytogenetics, ferrokinetics, progenitor cultures and
      perhaps molecular biology, in such cases. Median survival was 42 months. 12
      patients (17%) progressed to RAEB (of whom 7 finally developed ANLL) and 4
      patients (6%) to CMML. In spite of the heterogeneity of haematological features,
      only two factors were associated with poor prognosis, namely age greater than 70
      yr at diagnosis and haemoglobin less than 10 g/dl, whereas, to a lesser extent,
      neutropenia was associated with progression to RAEB.

PMID- 3366223
TI  - Platelet associated IgG, platelet mean life span and treatment with intravenous
      immunoglobulin in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - The clinical significance of platelet associated IgG in ITP detected by direct
      platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT) was studied. The platelet
      mean life span (MLS) was measured with 111In-labelled platelets in 17 adult
      patients. All the patients had shortened platelet MLS. The direct PSIFT was
      positive in 14 patients. Patients were initially treated with prednisone; 12
      patients with poor response to the drug were splenectomised. 8 of these 12
      patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) before splenectomy.
      The response to IvIg was as good or better in the 3 patients with negative PSIFT,
      than in the 5 patients with positive PSIFT.

PMID- 3366224
TI  - A method combining morphological, immunocytochemical and chromosomal examinations
      of the same cell in the study of lymphoproliferative diseases.
AB  - 6 cases of different lymphoproliferative diseases were studied with the new MAC
      (Morphology-Antibody-Chromosome) method in order to find out 1) if the abnormal
      karyotype is confined to the monoclonal cell population, 2) if there are, within
      this clone, also cells with a normal karyotype, and 3) if the method can help the
      pathologist to diagnose malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. The MAC method
      allows a simultaneous study in the same metaphase cell of the karyotype, surface
      markers, and some morphological features. In all cases in which a monoclonal cell
      proliferation was detected immunohistologically, the MAC examination showed a
      chromosomal abnormality for the same light chain as was detected in
      immunohistology, but not in other cells. In all but a single case, all mitotic
      cells belonging to the clonal cell proliferation had an abnormal karyotype. In
      this case with lambda clonality, 2/8 lambda-positive mitoses had a normal
      karyotype. However, all the normal mitoses occurred in small lymphocytes whereas
      the abnormal mitoses were seen in large blastic cells. In 1 case, the MAC method
      helped in confirming the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (nodular small cleaved
      cell type). Especially in lymphomas composed of a mixed cell population, the MAC
      method makes it possible to find out which cell types have an abnormal karyotype
      and which have a normal karyotype.

PMID- 3366225
TI  - Genetic factors involved in human G gamma and A gamma globin gene expression.
AB  - G gamma to A gamma globin ratios, haplotypes at the beta globin gene cluster and
      the C----T substitution at -158 5' to the G gamma globin gene were studied in
      three Algerian families that include SS or S-beta(0) thal patients. G gamma to A
      gamma ratios were found similar, within a family, in subjects displaying the same
      combination of chromosomes 11, the ratio observed for a given combination
      depending on the chromosome haplotypes. Our data can be explained by the
      existence of several alleles of a genetic factor closely linked to the beta
      globin gene cluster and involved in the determination of G gamma to A gamma
      globin ratio.

PMID- 3366226
TI  - Liver involvement at diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis: a clinicopathological
      study of twenty-two cases.
AB  - Liver biopsies were carried out at diagnosis in 22 patients with primary
      myelofibrosis. Pathological changes were semiquantitatively evaluated and
      correlated with either liver function tests, peripheral blood features, bone
      marrow biopsy changes or patient survival. Hepatic myeloid metaplasia (HMM),
      primarily consisting of the presence of morphologically abnormal megakaryocytes,
      was found in all cases. Other remarkable pathological changes included increased
      reticulin network, sinusoidal widening not related to the intensity of HMM, and
      iron overload in the absence of previous blood transfusions. High serum alkaline
      phosphatase was the most frequent biochemical abnormality, and reflected rather
      the presence of sinusoidal widening than the degree of HMM. The number of
      immature myeloid cells was the only peripheral blood parameter positively
      correlated with the degree of HMM. No relationship could be established between
      bone marrow changes and the degree of HMM. Finally, patients with mild HMM
      survived longer than those showing marked HMM.

PMID- 3366227
TI  - Total absence of eosinophils in a patient with chronic urticaria and vitiligo.
AB  - A 71-year-old woman with chronic urticaria and vitiligo is reported who lacked
      eosinophil and basophil leukocytes in her blood, bone-marrow and skin. No IgE was
      detectable in serum. She had a low level of serum eosinophil cationic protein
      (ECP) which could indicate that some eosinophils had been formed but rapidly
      destroyed. There was, however, no ECP release when the patient's serum was mixed
      with heterologous eosinophils. Staining for eosinophilic proteins in white blood
      cells by monoclonal antibodies revealed no storage or secreted forms of ECP. The
      source of ECP in our patient therefore remains unknown.

PMID- 3366228
TI  - High-dose glucocorticoid treatment in aggressive myeloma.

PMID- 3366229
TI  - Resistant multiple myeloma treated with mitozantrone in combination with
      vincristine and dexamethasone (MOD)

PMID- 3366230
TI  - High-dose desferrioxamine as a cause of growth failure in thalassemic patients.

PMID- 3366231
TI  - Prognostic value of disappearance of lymphadenopathy syndrome in HIV infection.

PMID- 3366233
TI  - The society is coming of age.

PMID- 3366232
TI  - Measurement technique influences the response of transfer factor (TICO) to
      salbutamol in patients with airflow limitation.
AB  - Single-breath transfer factor obtained using a multibreath estimate of alveolar
      volume (TI) was measured before and after salbutamol in twenty patients with
      reversible airflow limitation. The effective breathholding time was calculated by
      four methods due respectively to Ogilvie and colleagues as modified by the
      American Thoracic Society (ATS), ATS Epidemiological Standardization Project
      (ESP), Jones and Meade in which allowance was made for the time of sample
      collection and a simplified method in which the allowance for sampling was in
      terms of volume, not time. Two patients could perform the test procedure only
      after salbutamol. Amongst the remainder the transfer factor calculated using a
      single-breath estimate of alveolar volume (TI') was on average 12% less than TI.
      Carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO), TI and TI' were highest by the ESP
      method and lowest by the Ogilvie method. Inhalation of salbutamol (200 gamma) did
      not affect TI' by any method or TI and KCO by the Jones and Meade method but
      results by the other methods were reduced; in the case of the modified Ogilvie
      method the reduction was 3.9%. This error was due to overestimation of effective
      breathholding time by neglecting the reduction of 39% which occurred in the time
      of sample collection. The time of inspiration was unchanged whilst the time of
      deadspace washout was reduced by 16%. After bronchodilatation the absence of a
      change in TI' was due to the overestimation of effective breathholding time being
      offset by an increase in the proportion of alveolar volume measured by the single
      breath procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366234
TI  - Moderately severe chronic airflow obstruction. Can corticosteroids slow down
      obstruction?
AB  - In a former study in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction (CAO),
      (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ranging from 350-910 ml), we
      concluded that daily oral corticosteroids might slow down the progression of
      disease. The results of the present long-term (14-20 yr) study on 139 non
      allergic patients with less severe CAO (FEV1 greater than or equal to 1200 ml,
      FEV1 as a percentage of vital capacity (FEV1%VC) 40-55%) confirm and extend our
      former observations. Four patterns of the course of FEV1 and inspiratory vital
      capacity (VC) in time were recognized: 1) linear decrease; 2) no change; 3)
      initial increase, followed by decrease; 4) initial decrease, followed by
      increase. Groups 1 and 3 had a higher functional residual capacity as a
      percentage of total lung capacity (FRC%TLC) as compared to group 2 and 4; the
      work of breathing was lower in group 2 than in the other three groups. Otherwise
      the initial 82 parameters, including the degree of reversibility of airflow
      obstruction and smoking habits were comparable in the four groups. The four
      patterns of FEV1 showed a strong association with the long-term use of
      prednisolone. When oral prednisolone was instituted or increased to a dose of at
      least 10 mg/day continuously, FEV1 either remained constant, decreased more
      slowly or even increased over many years of follow-up. When the oral dose was
      diminished to below 10 mg/day, FEV1 decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366236
TI  - Comparison of central venous, oesophageal and mouth occlusion pressure with water
      filled catheters for estimating pleural pressure changes in healthy adults.
AB  - The validity of the central venous and water-filled oesophageal catheter
      technique as a measure of pleural pressure changes was tested in ten healthy
      subjects in different body positions during inspiratory efforts with occluded
      airways, by comparing the simultaneous changes in mouth pressure (delta Pm) taken
      to represent pleural pressure changes, in central venous pressure (delta Pcv) and
      in oesophageal pressure (delta Poes). delta Pcv/delta Pm values were close to
      unity in the sitting and left lateral positions, whereas in the supine and right
      lateral position, substantial deviations from unity were found in some instances.
      delta Poes/delta Pm values were close to unity in all positions, except some rare
      instances. No appreciable phase difference between delta Pm/delta Poes and delta
      Pm/delta Pcv was found when the amplitude ratios were close to unity. We conclude
      that valid measurements of pleural pressure changes can be obtained in most
      instances with the central venous and the water-filled oesophageal catheter
      system according to the occlusion test procedure.

PMID- 3366235
TI  - Measurement of pharmacological antagonism produced by atropine in bronchi of
      normal and asthmatic subjects.
AB  - The bronchial response of six normal and six asthmatic subjects to increasing
      concentrations of methacholine aerosol was measured by serial measurements of
      specific airways conductance (sGaw) in a body plethysmograph. On separate days,
      the subjects were premedicated with 0.9% NaCl, inhaled atropine at four different
      doses, or intravenous atropine at two different doses. Cumulative log dose
      response curves were constructed. The provocative dose of methacholine needed to
      cause a 35% fall in sGaw was measured from each curve (PD35). The antagonism
      produced by a given atropine dose was quantified as the dose ratio, which was
      defined as the ratio of PD35 after atropine to PD35 after saline. In normal
      subjects, approximately equal amounts of atropine given by the inhaled or
      intravenous routes produced mean dose ratios of almost identical value. However,
      in asthmatic subjects inhaled atropine (1.28 mg, 4.4 mumol) produced a mean dose
      ratio 7.5 times greater than the mean value seen with intravenous atropine (1.0
      mg, 3.46 mumol). Intravenous atropine (1.0 mg, 3.46 mumol) produced a mean dose
      ratio of 18.3 for all subjects, compared to a value of 26 predicted from in vitro
      experiments. The slope of the regression line for the relationship of log (dose
      ratio -1) vs -log atropine dose (Schild plot) for all subjects was -0.99. The
      actions we have observed are compatible with the main actions of atropine being
      that of a competitive antagonist at the muscarinic receptor. The greater blocking
      effect of inhaled atropine in some asthmatics suggests that a higher
      concentration of atropine is achieved at the muscarinic receptor by the inhaled
      route in these subjects.

PMID- 3366237
TI  - Radiographic bilateral cavitary lesions in lipoid pneumonia.
AB  - We report a case of lipoid pneumonia with pulmonary bilateral cavitated lesions.
      The diagnosis was based on the finding of abundant lipid-laden alveolar
      macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage and the presence of histologic changes
      indicative of lipoid pneumonia in transbronchial lung biopsy.

PMID- 3366238
TI  - Airway anaesthesia and breathing pattern during exercise.

PMID- 3366239
TI  - VLDL apoprotein secretion and apo-B mRNA level in primary culture of cholesterol
      loaded rabbit hepatocytes.
AB  - Incubation of cultured rabbit hepatocytes with beta very low density lipoproteins
      (beta-VLDL) induces a dose-dependent increase in cell cholesterol (CH) content
      and VLDL apoprotein (apo) B and E secretion without change in apo-B mRNA level.
      These data suggest that beta-VLDL may exert a stimulatory effect on hepatic apo-B
      production at the co-translational and/or posttranslational level.

PMID- 3366240
TI  - Primary and secondary structure of the 18 S ribosomal RNA of the insect species
      Tenebrio molitor.
AB  - The sequence of the 18 S rRNA of Tenebrio molitor is reported. A detailed
      secondary structure model for eukaryotic small subunit rRNAs is proposed. The
      model comprises 48 universal helices that eukaryotic and prokaryotic small
      subunit rRNAs have in common, plus a number of helices in areas of variable
      secondary structure. For the central area of the model, an alternative structure
      is possible, applicable only to eukaryotic small subunit rRNAs. Possibly, small
      subunit rRNA switched to this alternative conformation after the eukaryotic
      branch had been established in evolution. Another possibility is that the two
      conformers represent a dynamic structural switch functioning during the
      translational activity of the eukaryotic ribosome.

PMID- 3366241
TI  - Human orbital tissue and thyroid membranes express a 64 kDa protein which is
      recognized by autoantibodies in the serum of patients with thyroid-associated
      ophthalmopathy.
AB  - A 64 kDa protein has been identified in the membrane fraction of human eye
      muscle, orbital connective tissue and thyroid, by testing sera of patients with
      thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      Western blotting. Antibodies to this membrane antigen seem characteristic of the
      early stage of ophthalmopathy. In the thyroid this newly recognized protein seems
      different from previously known membrane antigens. A thyroid antibody reactive
      with a 64 kDa membrane antigen in eye muscle could explain the very frequent
      association of ophthalmopathy with autoimmune thyroid disease.

PMID- 3366243
TI  - Humoral mediator-dependent activation of the Sarcophaga lectin gene.
AB  - Sarcophaga lectin is a defence protein synthesized by the fat body and secreted
      into the hemolymph in response to injury of the body of third instar larvae of
      Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh-fly). In this paper, we demonstrate that the stimulus
      of body injury is first transmitted to a certain tissue present in the anterior
      part of the body, and from there a mediator molecule that interacts directly with
      fat body cells is secreted into the hemolymph. On interaction with this mediator
      molecule, the fat body begins to synthesize mRNA for Sarcophaga lectin.

PMID- 3366242
TI  - High molecular mass type i.v. collagen-specific metalloprotease from human
      carcinoma tissue.
AB  - A protease degrading type IV collagen was purified more than 8000-fold from human
      stomach carcinoma tissue. This protease degraded type IV collagen, while type I,
      II, III and V collagen, laminin, fibronectin, casein, albumin and hemoglobin were
      not affected. This enzyme had a pH optimum of pH 7.0-8.0 and was inhibited
      completely by EDTA and o-phenanthroline, but not by seryl, thiol and carboxyl
      protease inhibitors. Furthermore, the molecular mass of this enzyme was estimated
      to be 1 MDa by Sepharose 6B column and HPLC-gel filtration. The molecular mass
      and substrate specificity of this metalloprotease from human carcinoma tissue
      indicate it to be a new protease.

PMID- 3366244
TI  - Isolation and identification of hydroxyproline analogues of bradykinin in human
      urine.
AB  - Hydroxyproline (Hyp) analogues of bradykinin and lysyl-bradykinin, in which the
      third residue of bradykinin, proline, is replaced by hydroxyproline, were
      isolated from human urine. Their amino acid sequences were confirmed by both
      amino acid and sequence analyses, and also by comparison of their chromatographic
      behavior with that of synthetic peptides. The possibility that Lys-Ala3
      bradykinin, isolated by Mindroiu et al. [(1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7407-7411]
      from human urine, was actually Lys-Hyp3-bradykinin is discussed.

PMID- 3366246
TI  - Simultaneous separation of all lens crystallin subunits by chromatofocusing.
AB  - The total population of water-soluble lens crystallin subunits has been separated
      in one run on a single chromatofocusing column. Dissociation of the polymeric
      alpha- and beta-crystallin subunits occurred simultaneously on the column. Two
      components not described previously in the literature have been found in the
      gamma-crystallin region.

PMID- 3366245
TI  - Topography and stoichiometry of acidic phosphoproteins in rat liver 60 S
      ribosomal subunit.
AB  - In reconstitution experiments of active 60 S subunits from inactive core
      particles obtained by using dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMMA), we observed that
      the phosphoproteins P1-P2 were extracted from the subunit by DMMA as a complex
      with other proteins. This complex was separated by electrophoresis and zonal
      centrifugation and shown, after 125I iodination of its components, to contain L22
      and S12 in addition to P1-P2. Results suggest that it contains two copies of P1
      P2 for one of L22 and S12.

PMID- 3366247
TI  - Mesenteric vascular responses to i.v. administration of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4
      in the conscious rat.
AB  - Lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 are newly discovered lipoxygenase-interacting products
      of leukocytes which might have a role in cardiovascular events associated with
      anaphylaxis. We have tested this possibility by systemic administration of both
      LXA4 and LXB4 to the conscious rat while monitoring systemic and regional
      hemodynamic changes. LXA4 and LXB4 (1-100 micrograms/kg) produced dose-dependent
      constriction of the mesenteric vessels, up to +123 +/- 23% and +50 +/- 9% for
      LXA4/B4, respectively. Dose-related changes were not observed in arterial blood
      pressure, heart rate, renal (LXB4) and hindquarter blood flow. We suggest that
      LXA4 and LXB4 might affect selective vascular beds, such as the mesenteric
      vessels, and contribute to variations in blood flow in specific
      pathophysiological states.

PMID- 3366248
TI  - Hydrophobic 3.7 kDa surfactant polypeptide: structural characterization of the
      human and bovine forms.
AB  - The human and bovine forms of the hydrophobic 3.7 kDa surfactant polypeptide have
      been structurally analyzed. The polypeptide is essentially inert to enzymatic
      proteolysis, and methods for analysis include peptide handling in organic
      solvents and fragment generation by limited acid hydrolysis. The molecule
      exhibits N-terminal trimming, and the relative abundance of the different
      starting positions varies both among species and between adult and fetal forms of
      the surfactant polypeptide. The bovine major form is one residue shorter than the
      mature 35-residue human molecule. Comparison of the porcine, human and bovine
      polypeptides reveals a conserved hydrophobic middle/C-terminal segment and a
      variable hydrophilic N-terminal part.

PMID- 3366249
TI  - Proteolytic signal sequences (PEST) in the mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
      complex.
AB  - Eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases together with three unidentified proteins are
      associated as a multi-enzyme complex in mammalian cells. Partial peptide
      sequences for lysyl- and aspartyl-tRNA synthetases are determined and no highly
      hydrophobic peptides are found. The partial amino acid sequences for two of the
      unidentified proteins in the complex are shown to have substantial homology and
      each has a number of unique sequences. The results suggest that the two
      unidentified proteins are fragments of synthetases. The partial sequences
      revealed the presence of PEST sequences in at least three proteins. Inasmuch as
      PEST sequences are signals for intracellular degradation, the mammalian
      synthetase complex may have evolved to protect these synthetases against
      intracellular proteolysis.

PMID- 3366250
TI  - Octopus rhodopsin. Amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA.
AB  - The primary structure of rhodopsin from the octopus Paroctopus defleini has been
      determined by parallel analysis of the protein and corresponding cDNA. The amino
      acid sequence is most similar to the recently cloned Drosophila opsins.
      Similarities to bovine and human opsins are also evident. The transmembrane
      topology of octopus rhodopsin is discussed.

PMID- 3366252
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of scarlatina].

PMID- 3366251
TI  - Structural basis for autogenous regulation of Xenopus laevis ribosomal protein L1
      synthesis at the splicing level.
AB  - It is known that the injection of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal protein L1 gene
      into oocytes causes the accumulation of immature L1 transcripts due to a specific
      block of splicing of the second and third introns. In this paper the secondary
      structures of these introns in pre-mRNA have been constructed. It has been shown
      that they share homology with 28 S rRNA. The putative RNA-binding segment of L1
      has also been predicted. These results are interpreted as the structural basis
      for autogenous regulation of X. laevis ribosomal protein L1 synthesis at the
      splicing level.

PMID- 3366253
TI  - [Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3366254
TI  - [Chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3366255
TI  - [Epilepsy].

PMID- 3366256
TI  - [Transient disorders of cerebral blood circulation].

PMID- 3366257
TI  - [Acute intestinal obstruction (its clinical picture and treatment)].

PMID- 3366258
TI  - [Use of psychotropic agents].

PMID- 3366259
TI  - [Health education work in preventing drug addiction and drug abuse].

PMID- 3366260
TI  - [Emblems of medicine represented on stamps].

PMID- 3366261
TI  - [X-ray examination of the breasts].

PMID- 3366262
TI  - [Hygienic importance of solar radiation].

PMID- 3366263
TI  - [Automated method of intravital polarographic determination of the coefficient of
      diffusion of oxygen in tissues].

PMID- 3366264
TI  - [Age-related changes in the autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm in healthy
      elderly and aged persons].

PMID- 3366265
TI  - [Functional and morphological characteristics of disorders of the activity of the
      cardiovascular system under prolonged hyperthermia].

PMID- 3366266
TI  - [Reactivity of vessels of the elastic and muscle types in spontaneously
      hypertensive and normotensive rats].

PMID- 3366267
TI  - [Effect of divalent cations on superprecipitation of actomyosin from skeletal
      muscles].

PMID- 3366268
TI  - [Mechanism of adaptation of contractile function and energy metabolism of the
      heart to conditions of chronic phosphocreatine deficit].

PMID- 3366269
TI  - [Features of neurophysiological mechanisms of fast hearing adaptation].

PMID- 3366270
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus
      and nerve endings in the median eminence of the neurohypophysis of rats during
      prolonged administration of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine].

PMID- 3366272
TI  - [Regional irregularity of pulmonary ventilation in healthy people].

PMID- 3366271
TI  - [Changes in the endocrine function of the thymus in rats under the effect of
      hydrocortisone].

PMID- 3366273
TI  - [Permeability of the hematoparenchymatous barrier for oxygen under the effect of
      partial oxygen pressure in inspired air].

PMID- 3366274
TI  - [Effect of high external temperature on lipid metabolism in the maternal and
      fetal body].

PMID- 3366275
TI  - [Protective effect of superoxide dismutase on injury to the gastric mucosa of the
      rat under emotionally painful stress in the presence of short-term and prolonged
      alcoholization].

PMID- 3366276
TI  - [Dependence of postdenervation disorders in the structure of the uterus on is
      functional state in the rat].

PMID- 3366277
TI  - [Role of monoamine- and GABA-ergic mechanisms of the adjoining nucleus of the
      partition in the effects of "reward" and "punishment"].

PMID- 3366278
TI  - [State of the components of the respiratory chain of hepatocytes under the effect
      of oxygen hyperbarism in combination with the beta-adrenoblocker obsidan].

PMID- 3366279
TI  - Be loyal to your profession: a graduation message.

PMID- 3366280
TI  - PHUs expand rule in AIDS education.

PMID- 3366281
TI  - We cannot teach for today: a nurse educator's view.

PMID- 3366282
TI  - Nursing education in Florida: report and recommendations of the Postsecondary
      Education Planning Commission (PERC).

PMID- 3366283
TI  - Telling isn't enough! The nurse as patient educator.

PMID- 3366284
TI  - The WVMI PRO and Delaware physicians.

PMID- 3366285
TI  - Management of closed head injuries in children.

PMID- 3366286
TI  - Pediatric oncology--the team approach at the Medical Center of Delaware.

PMID- 3366287
TI  - The role of subspecialists in a community practice setting.

PMID- 3366288
TI  - Pediatric intensive care.

PMID- 3366289
TI  - You've come a long way, pediatrics.

PMID- 3366290
TI  - Pediatric nursing: lessening the emotional trauma.

PMID- 3366291
TI  - Theoretical analysis of fracture healing monitoring with external fixators.

PMID- 3366292
TI  - Mechanical properties of trabecular bone by a non-destructive compression testing
      approach.

PMID- 3366293
TI  - Pre- and post-operative gait analysis of hip osteoarthritic patients fitted with
      ceramic Autophor total hip replacement.

PMID- 3366294
TI  - Fibre reinforcement of bone cement.

PMID- 3366295
TI  - Biomedical engineering at the University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital.

PMID- 3366296
TI  - Radiographic determination of the angle of version of the femoral component in
      total hip replacement.

PMID- 3366297
TI  - Age-related norepinephrine induced lipolytic response of isolated rat adipocytes.
AB  - 1. Groups of male Long Evans rats were sacrificed at the ages of 10, 16, 20, 24,
      28, 32, 38 and 45 weeks. 2. The two epididymal fat pads from each rat in each
      group (4-5 rats) were excised for the preparation of adipocytes. 3. Cell
      suspensions were incubated in triplicate with each of seven norepinephrine
      concentrations ranging from 0.5694 to 569,400 nM. 4. Lipolytic responses are
      expressed as nmol glycerol released/microgram DNA/90 min. 5. The animals reached
      a peak response between the ages of 20 and 32 weeks. 6. Aging resulted in a
      gradual increase in the apparent affinity (Km) of the response yielding system
      for norepinephrine. 7. Initially an increase in the lipolytic capacity of the
      cells in response to norepinephrine, is observed, as reflected by the Vmax values
      up to an age of 20 weeks. 8. Vmax then stays relatively constant at elevated
      levels up to an age of 32 weeks, followed by an abrupt decrease with further
      aging.

PMID- 3366298
TI  - Characterization and macromolecular association of proteoglycans produced by pig
      arterial smooth muscle cells in culture.
AB  - 1. Medium and cell-layer proteoglycans from pig aorta smooth muscle cells in
      culture were compared. In both compartments, the main proteoglycans contained
      chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate chains of 40 kDalton. 2. However, cell-layer
      proteoglycans differed from those of the medium by the presence of: (a) some
      small-size proteoglycans; (b) a greater amount of heparan sulfate; (c)
      chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate enriched in iduronate and in 4 sulfate-
      (instead of 6 sulfate-) residues. 3. During dissociation-reassociation assays of
      arterial proteoglycans with exogenous hyaluronate or "aggregate" proteoglycans,
      the in vitro formation of complexes appeared to involve inter-associations
      between proteoglycans molecules, in addition to aggregation with hyaluronate.

PMID- 3366299
TI  - Transition state of the glycolytic pathway under FDP saturating conditions:
      experimental studies and a theoretical model.
AB  - 1. The transition state of the glycolytic pathway, under FDP saturating
      conditions, from no ADP to ADP-saturating levels, is studied in a metabolic model
      in vitro obtained from rat skeletal muscle. 2. When ADP is absent from the
      reaction mixture a steady state for NADH concentration is observed. After ADP
      addition, a new steady state is reached. The transition state from the first
      steady state to the second one shows a pulse of NADH. Both the profile and the
      size of this pulse depend on the enzyme concentration. 3. A kinetic model of the
      lower part of glycolysis (after PFK reaction) is proposed, and this is described
      by a set of first order coupled nonlinear differential equations. The results
      obtained through stability analysis and numerical integration of these equations
      agree with the experimental ones. 4. The possible role of the above mentioned
      transition state on the transmitter mechanism of glycolytic oscillations from PFK
      to the lower part of the glycolysis is discussed.

PMID- 3366300
TI  - Anion activation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase: a kinetic model.
AB  - 1. A theoretical analysis has been made of the mechanism of anion activation of
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase on the basis of accumulated experimental data. A model
      is presented that accounts for the numerous different effects of activating
      anions on the enzyme kinetics. This model has a general validity, since it holds
      for any of the kinetic mechanisms thus far proposed for dopamine beta
      hydroxylase. 2. It has been shown that the results of this analysis have direct
      implications for the experimental conditions to be used in the study of the
      dopamine beta-hydroxylase reaction. 3. The present analysis has proved that,
      under appropriate assumptions, theoretical treatment of nonessential activation,
      so far limited to the single-substrate case, can be easily extended to steady
      state multireactant enzymes.

PMID- 3366301
TI  - Intralobular distribution of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - 1. The activity of liver microsomal high Km-ALDH and mitochondrial low Km-ALDH,
      which may be primarily responsible for the oxidation of acetaldehyde after
      ethanol administration was found to be predominantly distributed in the
      centrilobular area. 2. The activities of other ALDH isozymes in mitochondrial and
      soluble fractions were evenly distributed in periportal and perivenous regions.
      3. The activity of ADH which is involved in production of acetaldehyde was
      predominantly located in the periportal area. 4. From these results it seems
      unlikely that a concentration of acetaldehyde after ethanol ingestion is higher
      in perivenous hepatocytes than in periportal ones. Additional data would be
      needed to understand fully the mechanism by which ethanol induces predominantly
      centrilobular liver injury.

PMID- 3366302
TI  - Forms and intracellular distribution of alpha-D-mannosidases in murine liver and
      spleen.
AB  - 1. The intracellular distribution of alpha-D-mannosidase in homogenates of murine
      liver and spleen was investigated by differential and gradient density
      centrifugation. 2. In both tissues an enzyme with a neutral pH optimum was found
      in the cytosol together with an alpha-D-mannosidase with optimal activity between
      pH 5.5 and 6.0 which was also partially membrane-bound. 3. In liver the acidic
      alpha-D-mannosidase was obtained almost entirely in a particulate form
      distributed equally between a heterogeneous low density region and heavy density
      lysosomes. 4. The lysosomal form of the liver enzyme was purified to
      electrophoretic homogeneity and shown to be a glycoprotein composed of four
      identical subunits of molecular weight 65 kDa. 5. Antibody raised against the
      purified liver alpha-D-mannosidase immunoprecipitated a polypeptide from spleen
      which had the same molecular size. This acidic enzyme was the predominant type of
      alpha-D-mannosidase in spleen, but in contrast to liver, it was obtained mainly
      in a cytosoluble form, the remaining activity being present in the heterogeneous
      light density compartment. 6. Although both tissues contain the same molecular
      form of the acidic alpha-D-mannosidase, in murine spleen this enzyme does not
      appear to be associated with stable heavy density lysosomes.

PMID- 3366303
TI  - Kinetic study of the inhibition of rat liver ornithine decarboxylase by diamines;
      considerations on the mechanism of interaction between enzyme and inhibitor.
AB  - 1. Partially purified rat liver ornithine decarboxylase is inhibited by several
      diamines including putrescine, 1,3-diaminopropane, cadaverine and p
      phenylenediamine. 2. The inhibition is dependent on pH, being strong at pH above
      8 and negligible below pH 6.5. 3. The kinetic study of the inhibition showed that
      while the aromatic diamine behaved as a simple competitive inhibitor, the
      aliphatic diamines presented a more complex pattern of inhibition in which two
      molecules of inhibitor might bind to the enzyme active site. 4. The Ki values for
      the different inhibitors were calculated and the degree of affinity for the
      enzyme was p-phenylenediamine greater than putrescine greater than cadaverine
      greater than 1,3-diaminopropane. 5. A molecular mechanism explaining how one or
      two molecules of inhibitor can bind to the enzyme is proposed.

PMID- 3366304
TI  - Effect of response criterion on measures of speech understanding in the elderly.
AB  - Twenty-four elderly subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of
      response criterion in a signal-detection task. The groups, representing strict,
      lax, and intermediate listeners, were then compared on the basis of performance
      on several conventional speech audiometric measures. When the data were corrected
      for degree of hearing loss, group differences were not significant. Thus,
      conventional speech audiometric results did not appear to be significantly
      influenced by response criterion.

PMID- 3366305
TI  - Response asymmetry and binaural interaction in the auditory brain stem evoked
      response.
AB  - Asymmetry in the auditory brain stem evoked response (ABR) and its effect on
      measurements of binaural interaction were studied. Monaural and binaural ABRs
      were recorded from 24 normal hearing subjects at two sensation levels: 70 and 50
      dB. Monaural responses were judged to be asymmetrical when the right response
      minus the left response resulted in a difference trace which was significantly
      greater than the level of the background noise in the ABR. It was found that
      sensation level significantly affected the frequency of monaural response
      asymmetry and that the amplitude of the derived binaural interaction component
      (BIC) was positively correlated with the degree of asymmetry present. Offsetting
      the asymmetry by introducing an interaural intensity difference resulted in a
      significant reduction in the amplitude of the BIC. It was concluded that the BIC
      is affected by factors other than those which can be attributed solely to
      binaural interaction.

PMID- 3366306
TI  - Low-frequency activity in the binaural interaction component of the auditory
      brain stem response.
AB  - The purpose of this study were to determine (1) the contribution of low-frequency
      activity in the auditory brain stem response (ABR) to the binaural interaction
      component, and (2) an optimal set of parameters for recording the binaural
      interaction component. ABRs were recorded from 12 adult subjects with normal
      hearing using 1000 Hz tone pips at three stimulation rates (10, 25, and 50/sec)
      and two physiological filters (150-3000 and 30-3000 Hz). The latencies of wave V
      in the sum of the left and right monaural responses [V(L + R)] were shorter with
      the 150 to 3000 Hz filter than with the 30 to 3000 Hz filter, whereas the
      amplitudes of V(L + R) and peak A of the binaural interaction component were
      similar. The amplitudes of V(L + R) and A were larger for 50/sec than for 10 or
      25/sec, but the amplitude ratio of peak A to wave V(L + R) was not different. In
      conclusion, (1) the activity between 30 to 150 Hz did not enhance the binaural
      interaction component, and (2) the largest and most reliable binaural interaction
      component was recorded with a rate of 50/sec and a filter setting of 150 to 3000
      Hz.

PMID- 3366307
TI  - Speech recognition by a deaf-blind multichannel cochlear implant patient.
AB  - A case study of the first deaf-blind patient implanted with a Nucleus 22 channel
      cochlear prosthesis is presented. The patient's preimplant evaluation data, using
      a powerful hearing aid and vibro-tactile device, are compared with results
      obtained 8 months postimplant. Preimplant testing indicated no consistent
      response to sound. Postimplant testing showed ability to comprehend some open set
      speech with hearing alone through the cochlear implant including ability to
      utilize the telephone without a code system. The postimplant data suggest
      potential benefit for other postlingually deaf-blind individuals from
      multichannel cochlear stimulation.

PMID- 3366308
TI  - Children with hearing aids in the 1980s: etiologies and severity of impairment.
AB  - The value of 20 years of attempts to control the causes of hearing impairment in
      children should now be observable. If they have been successful there can be
      expected to be a change in the prevalence of some etiologies, a variation in the
      proportions of all remaining etiologies, and a reduction in the prevalence of
      severe and profound impairments. An investigation of these expectations has been
      conducted by surveying children fitted with hearing aids in Australia. The
      results of this investigation highlight development of a number of new trends,
      including virtual elimination of maternal rubella and Rh incompatibility as
      causes of impairment, together with a new emphasis on the fitting of hearing aids
      for mild and conductive impairments.

PMID- 3366309
TI  - The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly as a measure of hearing aid
      benefit.
AB  - Hearing impairment in older adults is associated with psychological and social
      difficulties. The goal of hearing aid fitting is to reduce the perceived handicap
      resulting from the hearing loss. Measures of self-perceived handicap are being
      increasingly incorporated into the clinicians armamentarium as an objective
      measure of the outcome of intervention. Eighteen elderly hearing-impaired males
      and their spouses responded to the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly
      (HHIE) prior to and following 1 year of hearing aid provision. Our findings
      revealed a significant reduction in the perceived emotional and social effects of
      hearing impairment following 1 year of hearing aid use. The reduction in
      perceived handicap, as measured using the HHIE, was greater for the hearing aid
      users than for their spouses. The findings attest to the construct validity of
      the HHIE as a measure of hearing aid benefit.

PMID- 3366310
TI  - Pitfalls in neurotologic diagnosis.
AB  - Several cases illustrating potential pitfalls in neurotologic diagnosis from the
      viewpoint of the otologist are presented. The role of auditory brain stem
      response testing is specifically emphasized in cases with discordant audiologic
      and radiographic findings. Included are one case of a "false negative" ABR in a
      patient with an intracanalicular acoustic neuroma, a case of a "false positive"
      CT scan in a patient with Meniere's disease, and a case of a patient with normal
      hearing in whom an acoustic neuroma was discovered serendipitously.

PMID- 3366311
TI  - Children day care centers--a need for research.

PMID- 3366312
TI  - [Thoracic pseudo-angina pain of esophageal origin].

PMID- 3366313
TI  - [pHmetry and manometry of the esophagus in patients with pain of the angina type
      and a normal angiography].
AB  - The role of gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motility abnormalities in
      patients with angina-type chest pain and normal coronary angiogram is not clear.
      The aim of this study was: a) to assess the importance of these two disorders in
      the same patients, b) to study the diagnostic usefulness of provocation tests, c)
      to determine final outcome in these patients. Seventeen patients with angina-type
      chest pain and normal coronary angiograms were studied to determine the
      diagnostic value of esophageal manometry, postprandial esophageal pH monitoring,
      provocation tests (methylergometrine stimulation, acid perfusion test) and
      endoscopy. Baseline esophageal motility was abnormal in 10 patients. Esophageal
      motility disorders were nonspecific in seven patients. Eight patients had reflux.
      The mean lower esophageal sphincter pressure was decreased in these patients as
      compared with normals, and endoscopy showed a high Z line, and/or a large opening
      of the cardia in 7 of them. Neither conventional manometry nor postprandial
      esophageal pH monitoring allowed to consider the esophagus as responsible for
      chest pain. The methylergometrine test was positive in 4 patients (simultaneous
      occurrence of familiar pain and esophageal dysmotility). Baseline manometric
      studies did not allow to forecast the response to methylergometrine injection.
      The acid perfusion test was negative (no symptoms were reproduced) in all
      patients. After esophageal evaluation, 16 patients were followed for a mean of 26
      +/- 9 months. No cardiac disorders appeared, but all patients continued to have
      pain, and 7 were incapable of working.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366314
TI  - The role of short-term multilumen duodenojejunal manometry in patients with
      intestinal motor dysfunction.
AB  - Short-term duodenojejunal manometry, using a multilumen perfused tube, was
      performed in 12 patients with symptoms of motor dysfunction, 6 patients with
      irritable bowel syndrome and predominant diarrhea and 6 patients with chronic
      constipation. Ten healthy individuals served as controls. The durations, in
      minutes, of the various phases of the migratory motility complex in the three
      groups were: phase I: 24.4 +/- 22.1, 26.9 +/- 17.3, and 27.2 +/- 18.5; phase II:
      86.7 +/- 25.2, 132 +/- 93, and 73.1 +/- 40.8, and those of phase III: 6 +/- 2.5,
      6.8 +/- 5, and 6.4 +/- 1.7, respectively. The differences between patients and
      controls were not statistically significant. Variables of contractions of phase
      III in the different groups were: frequency (per minute): 10.9 +/- 0.8, 10.7 +/-
      0.4, and 11.3 +/- 0.4; Summation of amplitudes per minute: 205.2 +/- 55.7, 288 +/
      57.9, and 337.8 +/- 76.5; Mean amplitude (mm Hg): 19.1 +/- 4.2, 28.6 +/- 5, and
      33.5 +/- 7.1, respectively. Results in the patient groups were not significantly
      different from controls. Short-term duodenojejunal manometry was normal in
      patients with irritable bowel syndrome and in those with chronic constipation.

PMID- 3366315
TI  - [Descriptive epidemiology of cancer of the esophagus in the Department of
      Calvados: 520 cases (1978-1982)].
AB  - Over a five year period (1978-1982), 520 new cases (males = 492, females = 28) of
      esophageal carcinoma (OC) have been registered in the department of Calvados in
      Normandy (589,000 inhabitants). Data were collected from Hospital records,
      pathological institutes and physicians. Mean age was 62.1 years in males, 70.1
      years in females (p less than 10(3]. A higher incidence was observed among
      farmers and workers in rural areas. A previous or synchronous cancer (mostly oro
      pharyngeal) was associated in 86 patients (16.5 p. 100). Fourty-nine p. 100 of OC
      were located in the middle third of the esophagus. Histologic type was squamous
      cell in 91 p. 100, adenocarcinoma in 3 p. 100, and undifferentiated carcinoma in
      6 p. 100. Esophageal resection was performed in 63, radiation therapy in 294,
      palliative surgical procedure in 91, and symptomatic treatment in the others. The
      overall 1-year survival rate was 31 p. 100 and the 5-year survival rate was 3 p.
      100. Excluding patients with associated cancer, the survival rates were 40.5 p.
      100 and 7.6 p. 100, respectively. In France, the department of Calvados has the
      highest incidence of OC. The standardised incidence rate in males (31.6/100,000)
      in Calvados is exceeded only in four countries in the world. Decreasing incidence
      (4.6 p. 100 each year) has been observed during the past six years (p less than
      0.05).

PMID- 3366316
TI  - [Limy bile syndrome. Study of a case with double localization in the gallbladder
      and common bile duct].
AB  - We report the case of a patient with limy bile located in both the gallbladder
      and common bile duct, and disappearing spontaneously. Since the first description
      of this syndrome in 1911, approximately 300 cases have been reported in the
      literature, including 20 cases with double localization. The male/female ratio
      was 1/3. All patients were more than 40 year old. Conventional radiogram was
      sufficient to establish diagnosis. Spontaneous disappearance of limy bile is
      rare. The etiopathogenesis remains unclear; cholecystectomy is appropriate.

PMID- 3366317
TI  - [Prolonged delta antigen in the blood without occurrence of anti-delta antibodies
      in 2 immunosuppressed patients].
AB  - Delta coinfection or superinfection in a patient with chronic hepatitis B is
      characterized by a very transient delta antigenemia and an early seroconversion
      of IgM to IgG anti-delta. The persistent expression of delta antigen in the liver
      can be associated with acute, severe, or chronic hepatitis. In our two patients,
      delta antigenemia persisted respectively 10 weeks and 14 months with aggravation
      of liver histopathologic lesions without seroconversion. Such a serologic profile
      during delta infection does not seem to have been reported previously. These two
      cases concerned two patients with an important immunosuppression, one by a major
      immunosuppressive therapy and HIV superinfection, the other by an acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. The cytotoxic effect of delta virus in such
      circumstances is discussed.

PMID- 3366318
TI  - [Hypergastrin and hyperprolactin syndrome caused by mucinous cystadenoma of the
      ovary].
AB  - We report a case of a clinically and biologically typical hypergastrinemia
      syndrome due to ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. When examined under
      histoimmunofluorescence, this "border-line" tumor was shown to contain a
      polymorphous endocrine cell proliferation, composed primarily of G cells and, to
      some degree, of D cells. Electron microscopic study further evidenced a small
      amount of prolactin containing cells, which coincided with elevated prolactin
      levels in blood. Ovariectomy combined with vagotomy and pyloroplasty resulted in
      a prompt disappearance of both clinical and biological abnormalities. Ovarian
      mucinous cystadenomas have been known for a long time to contain endocrine cells,
      but only five cases, including the present one, have been described with fully
      developed endocrine expression. We suggest that this particular condition could
      be more frequent than generally admitted, and could justify systematic screening
      for mucinous cystadenoma in the case of peptide hormone dysfunction.

PMID- 3366319
TI  - [Prolonged hepatitis after ingestion of diphetarsone].

PMID- 3366320
TI  - [Severe dyschesia caused by rectal statics: preliminary results of 22
      operations].

PMID- 3366321
TI  - [What is the duration of the gastric cytoprotection. Measurement of the gastric
      potential difference after ingestion of boehmite].

PMID- 3366322
TI  - [Campylobacter pylori and gastric acidity].

PMID- 3366323
TI  - [A hazard of the edrophonium test (Tensilon) in vagal hypertonia syndrome].

PMID- 3366324
TI  - [When hepatic fibrosis becomes a disease...].

PMID- 3366325
TI  - [Histomorphometric study of the gastric mucosa in portal hypertension].
AB  - Histologic features of the gastric (antral and fundic) mucosa in 14 patients with
      portal hypertension due to alcoholic cirrhosis and a mosaic pattern of the fundic
      mucosa at endoscopic examination have been compared with those of the gastric
      mucosa in 14 control subjects. We attempted to correlate endoscopic and
      histologic aspects using a semiquantitative morphometric study in which the
      height of the mucosa, the number per mm2 and the diameter of vascular sections of
      the interglandular chorion, and the number per mm2 of large (greater than or
      equal to 20 micron) vascular sections of the superficial chorion were measured.
      For all parameters, the mean values were higher in cirrhotic patients than in
      controls, but significant differences were found only in the antral mucosa
      (height of the mucosa and number of large vascular sections in the superficial
      chorion). These results confirm the frequency and the importance of vascular
      abnormalities of the gastric mucosa in patients with portal hypertension, but do
      not explain, at least with the methodology used, the mosaic pattern of the fundic
      mucosa disclosed in most cirrhotic patients.

PMID- 3366326
TI  - Endoscopic placement of collagen at the lower esophageal sphincter to inhibit
      gastroesophageal reflux: a pilot study of 10 medically intractable patients.
AB  - Ten highly symptomatic and medically refractory refluxing patients were treated
      with a new endoscopic technique to decrease gastroesophageal reflux. Cross-linked
      bovine dermal collagen was injected beneath the mucosa in the area of the lower
      esophageal sphincter through a 23 gauge needle-tipped catheter. A mean volume of
      85 ml of implant was injected in 0.5- to 4-ml increments over 3 to 10 injection
      sessions. All patients developed objective evidence of decreased reflux by one or
      more parameters. Nine out of 10 patients had decreased symptoms, and 8 of 9
      patients had an increase in lower esophageal pressure after implant injection.
      Endoscopic implant treatment resulted in statistically significant improvement in
      symptom scores (p less than 0.001), the standard acid reflux test (p = 0.009),
      and lower esophageal sphincter pressures (p = 0.002), but not in the endoscopic
      appearance of the esophagus (p = 0.131). Subjective and objective improvements in
      reflux parameters generally lasted 6 to 9 months with return toward pretreatment
      status by 12 months. Antibodies to bovine collagen developed in 5 of 10 subjects
      with no clinical sequelae and no apparent reactivity with human collagen. The
      technique is not difficult to perform and is well tolerated by patients, and the
      results indicate the potential for more general use with a more suitable implant
      material.

PMID- 3366327
TI  - A prospective analysis of elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the
      elderly.
AB  - The effectiveness of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the elderly was evaluated in a
      prospective study of 656 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic examination
      of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Forty-six percent of the patients were
      younger than 65 years, and 13% were in the age group above 79 years. Initial
      complaints and final endoscopic diagnosis were related to sex and age.
      Statistically significant age-related differences in outcome diagnosis were found
      for gastritis in younger men (p less than 0.01) and negative examinations in
      younger women (p less than 0.01). Duodenitis (p less than 0.05) and duodenal
      ulcer disease (p less than 0.05) occurred more frequently in men, whereas hiatal
      hernia was more frequent in women (p less than 0.05). Older people presented with
      a more nonspecific pattern of complaints and symptoms, but, nevertheless, a good
      correlation was observed between complaints and endoscopic abnormalities in the
      elderly compared with a younger group. Since esophagogastroduodenoscopy was well
      tolerated and did not provoke a higher incidence of complications in the elderly,
      it was concluded that endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract
      is a safe and effective examination for the investigation of upper abdominal
      complaints in a geriatric patient population.

PMID- 3366328
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy (PTCS
      EHL) of common bile duct stones.

PMID- 3366329
TI  - Enucleation of a gastric leiomyoma by a combined laser and snare electrocutting
      technique.

PMID- 3366330
TI  - Stenosis of the main pancreatic duct in acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology.

PMID- 3366331
TI  - Treatment of a patient with watermelon stomach using transendoscopic laser
      photocoagulation.

PMID- 3366332
TI  - Incidental thrombosis of prosthetic vascular grafts to the lower extremity after
      colonoscopic polypectomy.

PMID- 3366333
TI  - Tissue paper bezoar associated with percutaneously placed gastrostomy tube.

PMID- 3366334
TI  - The case for preoperative and intraoperative ERCP in pancreatic trauma.

PMID- 3366335
TI  - Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of gallstones in humans.

PMID- 3366336
TI  - ERCP and endoscopic papillotomy in complete abdominal situs inversus.

PMID- 3366337
TI  - Digital gangrene complicating intraoperative injection sclerotherapy.

PMID- 3366338
TI  - Advantages of using an injection pistol during sclerotherapy of esophageal
      varices.

PMID- 3366339
TI  - Giant esophageal ulcers in AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3366340
TI  - Buccal nifedipine in the management of preendoscopy hypertension.

PMID- 3366342
TI  - Getting the air out of the balloon.

PMID- 3366341
TI  - Garren-Edwards gastric bubble: deflation with Nd:YAG laser.

PMID- 3366343
TI  - Abstracts submitted to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 1988.

PMID- 3366344
TI  - Combined endoscopic sphincterotomy and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic
      lithotripsy.
AB  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) has gained worldwide acceptance as a treatment for
      bile duct stones. However, large stones (over 2.5 cm in diameter) have remained
      an indication for surgery when endoscopic lithotripsy has failed. Percutaneous
      transhepatic choledochoscopic lithotripsy (PTCL) has been used in Japan for the
      treatment of intrahepatic stones. We have employed a combined technique of ES and
      PTCL in the management of difficult cases previously amenable to major surgical
      intervention only. This technique was used successfully to treat large
      extrahepatic stones and intrahepatic stones, impacted basket and stone, and the
      medically compromised patient with choledocholithiasis.

PMID- 3366346
TI  - [Experiences with the sympto-thermal method of family planning].
AB  - Evaluation of 2,276 cycles in 439 patients who had been employing the double
      check family planning method described by Thyma. The average length of the
      hyperthermic phase was 12 days. A tendency to longer hyperthermic phases was
      recorded in case of cycles of longer duration. In 74% of all cycles, the mucus
      peak was observed 1 to 3 days previous to the temperature rise. In 2,242 cycles,
      3 pregnancies occurred which had not been planned, which corresponds to a Pearl
      index of 1.6. The temperature curves originally evaluated according to Thyma's
      criteria, were also assessed according to Roetzer's criteria. This analysis
      yielded 89.8% evaluable temperature curves according to Roetzer, in contrast to
      77.8% evaluable curves according to Thyma. An additional disadvantage when using
      the "coverline" as suggested by Thyma, is the shortening of the post-ovulatory
      infertile phase which may occur occasionally.

PMID- 3366345
TI  - [Preoperative cervix priming in the 1st trimester: initial clinical experiences
      with a combination of Pluronic F 127 and sulprostone].
AB  - A new gel with sulprostone was applied in a prospective randomized study in 70
      patients who were scheduled for termination of 1st trimester pregnancy. Priming
      was carried out in two equal groups of 25 patients with 50 micrograms or 100
      micrograms sulprostone gel respectively; in a control group of 20 patients the
      gelatinizing agent (Pluronic F 127) was used without sulprostone. The gel, which
      was produced immediately before the application, was applied intracervically with
      a semiflexible polyethylene catheter with a constant injection volume in a three
      hour interval before the operation. A dilatation response--documented by the free
      patency of Hegar's dilatator which effortlessly passes the outer and inner
      uterine cervix--was seen in the therapy group; among these patients an average
      dilatation of the cervical canal of 8.2 mm (SD +/- 2.25) was achieved. This
      therapeutic effect was better in primiparae and multiparae compared with
      nulliparae (p less than 0.05). No statistically significant dose-effect
      correlation was found between the patients who had been treated with 50
      micrograms sulprostone and those who had been treated with the 100 micrograms
      dosage. Among the side effects a dose-independent spastic lower abdominal pain
      was seen most frequently; it was noticed in 10 patients. Based on the results of
      this study it is concluded that cervical priming with sulprostone-pluronic gel
      can be regarded as a practicable method with a low rate of side effects for
      preoperative cervical priming in patients scheduled for termination of first
      trimester pregnancy.

PMID- 3366347
TI  - [HCG in serum and peritoneal fluid in suspected ectopic pregnancy].
AB  - HCG was measured in peripheral serum and peritoneal fluid (PF), obtained by
      punction of the Douglas pouch (n = 12) or by laparoscopy (n = 14) in 26 patients
      with suspected ectopic pregnancy. In 10 patients with tubal pregnancy, the hCG
      concentration in the PF was in every case higher than in serum. Contrary to this,
      in 11 disturbed and 2 normal intrauterine pregnancies the PF-hCG was lower than
      in serum. No hCG-gradient could be observed in 1 patient with an interstitial
      pregnancy. Moreover, in 2 patients with inconclusive laparoscopic findings, the
      PF-hCG was higher than in serum; this pointed to a probable harbouring of a
      suspected missed ectopic pregnancy, and treatment was therefore conservative. The
      PF-hCG level 35 h after i. m. application of 5000 IU hCG to non-pregnant women
      varied between 11 and 42% as compared to that of the serum. It is concluded that
      the gradient of hCG between PF and serum can be used for the verification of a
      suspected ectopic pregnancy in addition to other diagnostic methods.

PMID- 3366348
TI  - [Symptom of "urinary incontinence" as an indication of tubal cancer].
AB  - Discontinuous vaginal discharge in two patients, caused by a carcinoma of the
      fallopian tube, was misinterpreted as urinary incontinence for months. Complexes
      of atypical glandular epithelia in the cervico-vaginal smears and detection of
      adnexal tumors indicated the correct diagnosis.

PMID- 3366350
TI  - [Significance of mammography study in the detection of 2,511 breast cancers 1977
      to 1987].
AB  - The relation between the way of cancer detection and tumor stage was studied in
      2511 cases of breast cancers patients. 85.0% of those patients discovered cancer
      by themselves. 12.7% of the carcinomas were detected through the screening
      program (used in FRG). It was found that there exists a clear dependence between
      the tumor stage and the kind of diagnosis finding. When the breast carcinoma was
      detected by the patient herself--in spite of attending regularly the above
      mentioned screening program--it showed that 16.1% had a small, favourable tumor
      up to 1.0 cm, in 39.8% a rest-tumor and in 48.1% axillary metastases were found.
      In cases diagnosed through the screening program the number of small carcinomas
      amounted to 21.4%, a rest-cancer frequency was 30.5%, and the axilla was
      afflicted in 25.6%. When the tumor was detected only on account of mammography,
      47.7% of the women had a small tumor up to a size of 1.0 cm and 89.7% of the
      patients had no axillary metastases. The results of the study show that the
      sensitivity of palpation and inspection is insufficient in the search for breast
      carcinomas. By including the mammography the efficiency of the screening programs
      is significantly improved. A routine mammography as a part of the screening
      program on the one hand makes the diagnosis "no cancer" more reliable, and the
      earlier detection of breast cancer on the other hand statistically renders the
      chances of healing significantly more favourable.

PMID- 3366349
TI  - [Diagnosis of occult fallopian tube cancers by intraoperative peritoneal
      cytology].
AB  - Clinical and ultrasonographic examination are the usual methods of diagnosis for
      carcinomas of the fallopian tubes and ovarian carcinomas. It is only in rare
      cases that the diagnosis is based on the cytology of the cervical smear. The use
      of cytology--more exactly, the cytological examination of secretion in Douglas'
      space in cases of vaginal hysterectomies--for the detection of ovarian and tubal
      carcinomas that cannot be diagnosed by clinical and paraclinical procedures, is a
      rather unusual and rarely described method. However, it is quite justified, as
      demonstrated by the detection of two carcinomas of the fallopian tubes within a
      short time.

PMID- 3366351
TI  - [Clinical detection of 2,511 breast cancers 1977-1986. Efficiency of legal early
      cancer detection studies].
AB  - From 1977 to 1986, inclusively, 2511 patients with breast cancer were analysed.
      The following factors were evaluated: patients attitude toward screening
      programs, the method of cancer detection, the relation between tumor-size and
      axillary nodes metastases and efficiency of the currently in Germany used
      screening program. 65.9% of the patients underwent regular annual preventive
      physical examination, 15.2% irregular and 18.9% no examination. Only 12.7% of
      cancers were detected through the screening program, in 85% the patients
      discovered their tumors. Cancers up to 0.5 cm had in 25% lymph-nodes metastases
      and tumors up to 1.0 cm had in 27% of cases axillary nodes metastases. Breast
      cancers between 1.1 cm and 2.0 cm had a bad prognosis: the axillary metastases
      occurred in 34%-45%. Surprisingly, there were no differences in tumor size,
      percentage of residual tumor and frequency of axillary lymph-nodes metastases
      between patients who took regularly part in preventive physical examination and
      those never taking part. Women who irregularly participated in the program had
      the most unfavourable prognosis.

PMID- 3366352
TI  - Pineal and circulating melatonin rhythms in the box turtle, Terrapene carolina
      triunguis: effect of photoperiod, light pulse, and environmental temperature.
AB  - Pineal and circulating melatonin concentrations have been measured throughout the
      24-hr cycle in the box turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis, under different
      conditions of photoperiod and temperature. An obvious effect of photoperiod on
      the duration of the night rise of pineal and circulating melatonin is observed;
      the period of elevated melatonin is 4.30 hr in long photoperiod (18L:6D) and
      11.00 hr in short photoperiod (8L:16D). A single pulse of 1 hr illumination
      beginning 1.30 hr after the onset of darkness, in a 16L:8D cycle, has no effect
      on pineal or circulating melatonin levels. A clear effect of environmental
      temperature on the amplitude of the day-night rhythm of melatonin production is
      observed. A possible role of the pineal of poikilotherms in the transduction of
      several environmental factors, via the daily pattern of melatonin secretion, is
      hypothesized.

PMID- 3366353
TI  - Changes in plasma concentrations of reproductive steroids in female Japanese
      quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) raised on long or short photoperiods.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone were
      measured by radioimmunoassay in female Japanese quail 22 to 70 days of age. The
      birds were raised on long (16 hr light per day) or short (8 hr light per day)
      photoperiods. Only the birds raised on the long photoperiod layed eggs, starting
      between 42 and 49 days of age. The concentration of each reproductive steroid
      increased between 28 and 35 days of age, but the increases were more substantial
      in the birds raised on long days than in the birds raised on short days. Changes
      in plasma progesterone and testosterone concentrations showed similar trends: the
      concentrations increased before the onset of lay and were maintained at a high
      level in the laying birds. In contrast, plasma concentrations of estradiol and
      estrone increased to a peak at 35-42 days and declined once egg laying became
      established. The short-day birds also showed increased plasma estrogen levels,
      maximal at 35-42 days, with estrone being at a higher concentration than
      estradiol. The increases in plasma steroid levels occurred during the period of
      rapid growth of the ovaries and oviducts in the long-day birds, although in the
      short-day birds the growth of these organs was much less substantial.

PMID- 3366354
TI  - 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,6 alpha,17 alpha,20 beta-tetrol and 5 beta-pregnane-3
      alpha,6 alpha,17 alpha-triol-20-one: steroids of ovarian origin in the African
      catfish, Clarias gariepinus, during oocyte maturation.
AB  - At the stage of oocyte maturation, three very polar steroids were demonstrated by
      in vitro incubations with tritiated pregnenolone in the ovaries of the African
      catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Two of these compounds could be identified by
      chromatography, derivatization, and oxidation as 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,6
      alpha,17 alpha,20 beta-tetrol and 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,6 alpha,-17 alpha-triol
      20-one. Blood plasma analysis by means of gas chromatography followed by mass
      spectrometry confirmed the presence of these steroids with selected ion
      monitoring. The occurrence of the five most characteristic ions of each steroid
      was demonstrated at the proper retention times and with the correct abundance
      ratios. These very polar steroids, which were identified in vitro and in vivo,
      might have a function in maturation and ovulation induction.

PMID- 3366355
TI  - Angiotensin II receptors in the fowl aorta.
AB  - In the domestic fowl, angiotensin II (ANG II) causes an in vivo depressor
      response and in vitro relaxation of aortic rings which appear to be a direct
      action of ANG II on the blood vessels. Thus, we determined whether binding sites
      specific to ANG II exist in the membrane fraction of the fowl aorta. The
      particulate fraction of aortas from adult female fowl, Gallus gallus, exhibits
      high specific binding to ANG II ligand. 125I-[Ile5]ANG II (0.5 nM) binding to the
      above fraction (30 micrograms protein) in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.2), 10 mM MgCl2, and
      0.2% bovine serum albumin at 12 degrees (1) is rapid, saturable, and reversible;
      (2) increases as a function of ligand or membrane concentration, time, and
      temperature; and (3) optimally fits to a two-site (high and low affinity) model.
      The equilibrium dissociation constant (0.15 +/- 0.03 nM) and binding site
      concentration (28.7 +/- 8.1 fmol/mg protein) of the high affinity site as well as
      association (0.055 nM-1.min-1) and dissociation (0.0122 min-1) rate constants are
      similar to those of mammalian vascular ANG II receptors. Both 125I-[Ile5]ANG II
      and 125I-[Val5]ANG II are competitively displaced by unlabeled ANG II. These
      results suggest that specific ANG II receptors exist in the fowl aorta.

PMID- 3366356
TI  - Seasonal patterns in serum levels of thyroid hormones and sex steroids in
      relation to photoperiod-induced changes in spawning time in rainbow trout, Salmo
      gairdneri.
AB  - Serum levels of thyroid hormones (T4 = L-thyroxine and T3 = 3,5,3'-triiodo-L
      thyronine) were measured and correlated with previously published levels of 17
      beta-estradiol, testosterone (T), and Ca2+ (index of vitellogenin) in four groups
      of female trout held for 1-3 years at 8.5-9.0 degrees on a ration of 0.5% of body
      weight day-1 under different constant photoperiod regimes. In group 1, trout
      under a regimen of 18L:6D became sexually mature (SM) in April/May and then SM
      again in September/October; in group 2, trout under a regimen of 6L:18D became SM
      in January/February; in group 3, trout under a regimen of 6L:18D became SM in
      March/April; in group 4 trout under a regimen of 18L:6D followed by 10L:14D
      became SM in September/October. In all groups, regardless of the photoperiod
      induced changes in spawning time, serum T3 exceeded T4 and both serum T3 and T4
      patterns showed a consistent relationship with the sequence of steroid hormone
      changes and spawning time. Thyroid hormone levels were high during
      previtellogenesis but fell as sex steroids and serum Ca2+ increased. T3 and T4
      were lowest before spawning when sex steroids were at their peak and then
      increased sharply following spawning as sex steroid levels declined. Peak serum T
      coincided with ovulation and usually preceded the postreproductive surge in serum
      T3 and T4. The hypothesis is discussed that T3 enhances early ovarian
      development, but as energy-demanding vitellogenesis proceeds T3 formation is
      suppressed, thereby curtailing growth and favoring energy partition to the ova.

PMID- 3366357
TI  - Profiles of plasma androgens in quail following testosterone injection at two
      different times of day.
AB  - Adult castrated male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) housed on an 8L:16D light
      dark cycle (lights on at 0700 hr) were given a single injection of either 100 or
      500 micrograms testosterone (T) at either 0800 or 1430 hr. Blood samples were
      taken 1, 3, 5, 7, or 24 hr after injection and assayed for androgens. Additional
      samples were taken from intact males housed on a 16L:8D light-dark cycle and from
      castrated males housed on 8L:16D and injected with the oil vehicle. With the 100
      micrograms dosage, T and total androgen fell to the level of the intact males by
      3 hr after injection and fell to the level of oil-injected castrates by 5 to 7
      hr. With the 500-micrograms dosage, T and total androgen, though initially quite
      high, reached intact levels by 3 hr when birds were injected at 0800 hr but not
      until 5 hr when injected at 1430 hr, and T reached castrate levels by 5 hr
      following injection at 0800 hr but not until 24 hr following injection at 1430
      hr. T levels after a 500-micrograms injection at 0800 hr were significantly
      higher 3, 5, and 7 hr later than T levels after the same injection at 1430 hr.
      Thus changes in plasma T levels over time following an injection of T depend on
      the time of injection, and plasma T remains above castrate levels for a shorter
      time when T is given in the bird's morning than when given just before lights
      off. This can probably be explained by a greater rate of metabolism during lights
      on compared with lights-off.

PMID- 3366358
TI  - Effect of osmotic pressure on prolactin release in rainbow trout: in vitro
      studies.
AB  - To investigate a possible effect of osmotic pressure on prolactin (PRL) release
      in rainbow trout, we developed a technique for in vitro perifusion of trout
      pituitaries. Changes in osmotic pressure similar to those observed in fish plasma
      during transfer experiments did not induce significant modifications of PRL
      release. In contrast, high-amplitude variation of osmotic pressure resulted in
      clear modifications of PRL secretion: hyperosmotic medium caused a reduction in
      PRL release, while infusion of hyposmotic medium induced a transitory increase in
      PRL release. By using different concentrations of mannitol, we found that the
      modifications of prolactin secretion could not be ascribed to alterations of the
      ionic composition of the medium but actually resulted from variations in the
      osmotic pressure of the incubation medium. In further experiments osmotic
      pressure was decreased from 300 to 220 mOsm/kg or from 400 to 300 mOsm/kg; a
      similar transitory increase in PRL release was observed. Measurement of
      gonadotropin (GtH) in the perifusion effluent medium showed that PRL and GtH
      secretion followed similar patterns. Thus, our results suggest a possible
      mechanical effect of wide changes in osmotic pressure on pituitary cell
      membranes. These data indicate that the rainbow trout differs notably from
      nonsalmonid teleost species thus far studied in the lack of sensitivity of its
      PRL cells to osmotic pressure.

PMID- 3366359
TI  - Effects of the parathyroid hormone antagonist [Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)amide on avian
      renal phosphate transport.
AB  - The in vivo parathyroid hormone antagonist, [Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)amide, was tested
      for its ability to block endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity in
      parathyroid-intact European starlings. The inhibitor was infused at two dose
      levels, 0.005 and 0.05 mg/hr. A third group received a vehicle/control infusion.
      High-dose infusion led to rapid and significant decreases in plasma calcium and
      in both absolute and relative phosphate (Pi) excretion. Low-dose infusion
      significantly reduced plasma calcium, but had no effect on Pi excretion. Plasma
      Pi tended to increase with time in all three groups. Removal of the antagonist
      after 140 min of high-dose infusion led to a rapid recovery of relative Pi
      excretion, and a subsequent overshoot to more than twice the original control
      level. To further test the ability of the antagonist to block endogenous PTH
      activity, an EGTA challenge was used to induce hypocalcemia and subsequent
      elevation of circulating PTH levels. In vehicle-infused birds, EGTA challenge led
      to a doubling of relative Pi excretion, but in birds receiving the high-dose
      infusion, no effect of EGTA was observed. These results demonstrate that
      [Tyr34]bPTH-(7-34)amide can completely block endogenous PTH activity in birds at
      the receptor level, including the hormone response of the renal Pi secretory
      transport mechanism.

PMID- 3366360
TI  - Gonadotropin content of the pituitary gland of gonadal tumor-bearing common carp
      x goldfish hybrids from the Great Lakes, as assessed by bioassay and
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - The hybrids of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) collected
      from the lower Great Lakes between 1978 and 1981 exhibited epizootics of gonadal
      neoplasm which were rare in the parental species. The pituitary glands of hybrids
      were, on average, 2.5 times larger than that of carp of similar body size.
      Histologically, the hypertrophy was due to hyperplasia of proximal pars distalis
      basophils (the presumptive gonadotropes). Using a carp gonadotropin (GtH)
      radioimmunoassay it was found that hybrid pituitaries contained more GtH than
      sympatric carp and that pituitary GtH concentration in hybrids was positively
      correlated with pituitary weight. Both this and histological evidence suggested
      that gonadotrope hyperplasia was a progressive event. Two heterologous gonad
      bioassays indicated that hybrid GtH had biological activity. Whether pituitary
      hyperplasia in hybrids is a primary problem or secondary to gonadal sterility has
      not been determined.

PMID- 3366361
TI  - Hormone changes during the ovulatory cycle in goldfish.
AB  - Hormone profiles during the ovulatory cycle were studied in goldfish. Blood
      samples were taken from female goldfish every 4 days between 1400 and 1700 hr
      during the course of repeated ovulations for a duration of 3 months, and plasma
      hormone levels of 3 days before and after ovulation were compared. Plasma
      gonadotropin (GtH) levels did not show significant changes except a surge for
      ovulation, but tended to show higher levels before the surge than those after the
      surge. Plasma testosterone before ovulation showed significantly higher levels
      compared with those after ovulation. Plasma estradiol-17 beta (E2) levels
      remained low for 3 days prior to ovulation. Postovulation E2 levels that were
      significantly higher than the preovulation levels were kept elevated and declined
      on the third day after ovulation. These results indicate that E2 is mainly
      produced in the first part of the ovulatory cycle and testosterone in the latter
      part followed by the GtH surge and ovulation at the end of the cycle. This shift
      in steroid pattern from E2 to testosterone seems to be similar to those observed
      in salmonid fishes except for the time scale. The synchrony of ovulation in
      goldfish is also discussed in relation to physiological and external factors
      which influence the occurrence of ovulation.

PMID- 3366362
TI  - motA1552, a mutation of Dictyostelium discoideum having pleiotropic effects on
      motility and discoidin I regulation.
AB  - The Dictyostelium discoideum mutant MC2 exhibits temperature-sensitive growth,
      temperature-sensitive motility, and temperature induction of discoidin I
      synthesis. These three phenotypes of MC2 were not separated in the genetic
      experiments reported here. They were therefore assigned to the mutation motA1552,
      which was mapped to linkage group II by segregation analysis and by analysis of
      mitotic recombinant diploids. In one motA1552 strain, loss of motility preceded
      accumulation of discoidin I by 3 hr, indicating that discoidin I is not involved
      in generation of the motility defect. Expression of motA1552 phenotypes varied
      both among strains carrying the mutation, and among different clones of a
      particular strain. MC2 and its derivatives displayed elevated levels of
      recombination between whiA and acrA on linkage group II, and yielded highly
      unstable mutations at the acrA locus. Accumulation of large amounts of discoidin
      I during axenic growth of strain AX3 was found to depend on the presence of a
      second linkage group II mutation, daxA1551. This mutation was already present in
      the strain mutagenized to isolate motA1552, complicating explication of motA1552
      action.

PMID- 3366364
TI  - Disequilibrium in two-locus mutation-selection balance models.
AB  - Equilibrium behavior of two-locus mutation-selection balance models is analyzed
      using perturbation techniques. The classical result of Haldane for one locus is
      shown to carry over to two loci, if fitnesses are replaced by marginal fitnesses.
      If the fitness of the double heterozygote is smaller than would be produced by a
      multiplicative model, as in additive or quantitative fitness models, the
      disequilibrium is negative--an excess of gametes with one rare allele. In this
      case the disequilibrium can be as large as one-half its maximum value possible,
      if the recombination rate is small, not greater than the strength of selection.
      If the fitness of the double heterozygote is larger than would be produced by a
      multiplicative model, the disequilibrium is positive, and is very small relative
      to its maximum value possible, even if the recombination rate is zero.

PMID- 3366363
TI  - Gene mapping with recombinant inbreds in maize.
AB  - Recombinant inbred lines of maize have been developed for the rapid mapping of
      molecular probes to chromosomal location. Two recombinant inbred families have
      been constructed from F2 populations of T232 X CM37 and CO159 X Tx303. A genetic
      map based largely on isozymes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms has
      been produced that covers virtually the entire maize genome. In order to map a
      new gene, an investigator has only to determine its allelic distribution among
      the recombinant inbred lines and then compare it by computer with the
      distributions of all previously mapped loci. The availability of the recombinant
      inbreds and the associated data base constitute an efficient means of mapping new
      molecular markers in maize.

PMID- 3366365
TI  - Pronuclear fusion failure: an alternate conjugational pathway in Tetrahymena
      thermophila, induced by vinblastine.
AB  - Vinblastine is shown to induce pronuclear fusion failure in conjugating
      Tetrahymena thermophila. In this alternate conjugational pathway gametic
      pronuclei are exchanged between conjugants but do not fuse. Each pronucleus
      undergoes one mitotic division to produce a new macro- and micronucleus. Genetic
      consequences of pronuclear fusion failure include the following: (1) the progeny
      are whole genome homozygotes with nuclei derived from single meiotic products,
      and (2) half of the progeny are heterokaryons with micro- and macronuclei of
      different genetic origins. These facts make this process extremely useful in
      strain construction and mutant isolation. The induction of pronuclear fusion
      failure by vinblastine suggests that microtubules play an essential role in
      pronuclear fusion.

PMID- 3366367
TI  - Sharing in the Seychelles.

PMID- 3366366
TI  - Genetic analysis of long-flagella mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
AB  - The length of the flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells is tightly
      regulated; both short-flagella and long-flagella mutants have been described.
      This report characterizes ten long-flagella mutants, including five newly
      isolated mutants, to determine the number of different loci conferring this
      phenotype, and to study interactions of mutants at different loci. The mutants,
      each of which was recessive in heterozygous diploids with wild type, fall into
      three unlinked complementation groups. One of these defines a new gene, lf3,
      which maps near the centromere of linkage group I. The flagellar length
      distributions in populations of each mutant were broad, with the longest flagella
      measuring four times the length of the longest flagella seen on wild-type cells.
      Each of the ten mutants had defective flagellar regrowth after amputation. Some
      of the mutants showed no regrowth within the time required for wild-type cells to
      regenerate flagella completely. Other mutants had subpopulations with rapid
      regeneration kinetics, and subpopulations with no observable regeneration. The
      mutants were each crossed to wild type to form temporary quadriflagellate,
      dikaryon cells; in each case the long flagella were rapidly shortened in the
      presence of the wild-type cytoplasm, demonstrating that the mutants were
      recessive, and that length control could be exerted on already assembled
      flagella.

PMID- 3366368
TI  - Care of the elderly mentally handicapped: the traditional and the new.

PMID- 3366369
TI  - Under stress. Guilty as charged?

PMID- 3366370
TI  - Special diets and the elderly.

PMID- 3366371
TI  - Is geriatric nursing stressful?

PMID- 3366372
TI  - Experimental learning. Thinking ahead.

PMID- 3366373
TI  - A rare breed. Interview by Linda Thomas.

PMID- 3366374
TI  - Nursing practice. A model example.

PMID- 3366375
TI  - Just another day?

PMID- 3366376
TI  - The murine cataractogenic mutation, Cat Fraser, segregates independently of the
      gamma crystallin genes.

PMID- 3366377
TI  - Esterase alleles of inbred mouse strains maintained in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3366378
TI  - Characterization and mapping of a viable anaemic mutant in the mouse: a new
      allele, mkvan, at the microcytic anaemia locus.

PMID- 3366379
TI  - Variance components of fitness under stabilizing selection.

PMID- 3366380
TI  - Unusual behaviour of linkage disequilibrium in two-locus gene conversion models.

PMID- 3366381
TI  - Selection for recombination in a polygenic model--the mechanism.

PMID- 3366382
TI  - The inheritance of non-response to noradrenaline in newborn Scottish blackface
      lambs.

PMID- 3366383
TI  - A vector for studying plasmid stability functions in Streptomyces.

PMID- 3366385
TI  - Coordinating drug use and exercise in elderly hypertensives.
AB  - In the elderly hypertensive who maintains an active lifestyle, exercise and
      medication can interact due to age-related changes, resulting in reduced
      therapeutic effect. Underlying physiologic principles and indications for
      exercise therapy in geriatric hypertension are discussed as an aid toward
      deriving the greatest benefit and fewest side effects from concomitant drug
      therapy in non-sedentary elderly hypertensives, an expanding patient subgroup.

PMID- 3366384
TI  - Interaction of tRNA transcription factors with satellite I DNA from Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - A cloned repeat of Xenopus laevis satellite I DNA was tested for the ability to
      form stable complexes with tRNA transcription factors in vitro. In template
      exclusion studies, the satellite I DNA competed efficiently with a tRNA gene for
      binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factors. DNase I footprinting
      further showed that transcription factor TF IIIC alone bound to satellite I DNA
      at both the A block and B block consensus promoter sequences immediately
      downstream from the transcription start point. The strength and position of these
      associations indicate that satellite I DNA is a potential site for association of
      the same DNA-binding proteins that activate tRNA gene transcription.

PMID- 3366386
TI  - Symptom control in geriatric patients with terminal cancer: pain, nausea, and
      vomiting.
AB  - Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Few areas of
      medicine offer the physician such an opportunity for relieving suffering as in
      the care of the terminally ill. Usually, it is clear that the patient will die
      from the disease days or weeks before the event occurs. Treatments are available
      to significantly relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life in virtually
      all cancer patients. "The quality of mercy is essential to the practice of
      medicine; here, of all places, it should not be strained."

PMID- 3366387
TI  - Primary care role in reducing nursing home morbidity.

PMID- 3366388
TI  - Management problems associated with carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed in the
      second trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - A 29-year-old women presented in the second trimester of pregnancy with a stage
      IIB squamous carcinoma of the cervix. Fundal hysterotomy was performed with a
      view to radical radiotherapy the following week. The patient developed a pyometra
      in the postoperative period due to the position and nature of the tumor.
      Management strategies for dealing with similar cases are outlined.

PMID- 3366389
TI  - Burkitt's-like lymphoma presenting as a gynecologic tumor.
AB  - A case of Burkitt's-like lymphoma presenting with vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain,
      a 6-cm cervical mass, and a pelvic mass the size of a 16-week gestation is
      presented.

PMID- 3366390
TI  - Involvement of the spleen in ovarian adenosquamous carcinoma.
AB  - Classification of ovarian tumors according to FIGO does not take into account
      involvement of spleen. A patient who appears to be the first reported case of
      widespread carcinoma of the ovary with involvement of the splenic parenchyma is
      presented.

PMID- 3366391
TI  - Vulvar dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
AB  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the vulva is an extremely rare neoplasm. This
      low-grade sarcoma of the dermis clinically appears to be encapsulated but
      microscopically has tumor projections well away from the central nodules. Wide
      local excision is the recommended treatment for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans;
      however, a more radical surgical approach may be needed to obtain clear surgical
      margins. The following case study present the fifth reported patient with this
      unusual neoplasm on the vulva.

PMID- 3366392
TI  - Salvage radiotherapy for carcinoma of the ovary following chemotherapy.
AB  - Following single-agent or combination chemotherapy, 9 patients with epithelial
      carcinoma of the ovary had elective second-look laparotomy. Macroscopic
      intraperitoneal disease was resected in 4 patients. Therefore, after the
      laparotomy, all 9 patients had only biopsy-proven, microscopic residual disease,
      and they received whole abdominopelvic irradiation. Hematological tolerance was
      satisfactory, with only 2 patients developing asymptomatic thrombocytopenia. Mild
      gastrointestinal reactions, while frequent during radiotherapy, did not interrupt
      treatment in any patient. After follow-up from 12 to 34 months (median 16 months)
      [corrected], 2 patients died of cancer, 2 were alive with cancer, 3 were alive
      without clinical recurrence, and 2 were alive without biopsy-proven recurrence.
      Bowel complication occurred in 4 patients: 2 developed intestinal obstruction due
      to recurrent tumor, 1 developed subacute bowel obstruction which spontaneously
      resolved, and 1 patient required bowel resection because of a radiation
      complication. This study indicated that after single- or multiple-drug
      chemotherapy, most patients could complete the course of whole abdominopelvic
      irradiation. Gastrointestinal complications could be secondary to radiation
      damage or to recurrent tumor. While whole abdominopelvic irradiation was not an
      effective second-line treatment, some long-term survivors could still be
      expected.

PMID- 3366393
TI  - The results of cryosurgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
AB  - During 4 years, 1980-1984, 197 patients were treated for CIN II and CIN III by
      cryosurgery. Included were 62 patients with endocervical involvement (positive
      ECC). The cure rates of a single cryosurgical treatment were lowered
      significantly by increasing grade of CIN and by endocervical involvement. The
      factors influencing the cure rates of cryosurgery are discussed in relation to
      the results obtained in the present study. The most important step in treatment
      of patients with CIN by conservative methods seems to be the pretreatment
      evaluation and not the method of treatment. Despite the fact that we achieved
      good results in treating patients with CIN II and endocervical involvement (cure
      rate: 88.9%) it is our opinion that endocervical involvement should
      contraindicate conservative procedures. The potential risk of overlooking
      invasive disease among these patients should always be kept in mind. Careful
      pretreatment evaluation in patients undergoing cryosurgery is mandatory, or else
      this excellent method would be brought into discredit.

PMID- 3366394
TI  - Cervical cancer survival in Nijmegen region, The Netherlands, 1970-1985.
AB  - Survival rates were computed for 359 women diagnosed with invasive cervical
      cancer between 1970 and 1985. The 5-year survival rate for the entire group was
      67%. Survival was better in the period 1976-1980. Extension of the tumor and age
      at diagnosis were important prognostic factors. The effects of clinical stage,
      age at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis were studied simultaneously with the
      proportional hazards model. The hazard rate increased with increasing age and
      increasing clinical stage. Year of diagnosis had effect on survival only in case
      of IIB tumors. For the other clinical stages there was no significant effect on
      survival of year of diagnosis.

PMID- 3366395
TI  - Extragonadal sex cord tumor with annular tubules in an umbilical hernia sac: a
      unique presentation with implications for histogenesis.
AB  - A sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) was found incidentally in an
      umbilical hernia sac excised from a 66-year-old female. No ovarian lesions were
      visualized on a computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the pelvis. An exploratory
      laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy,
      pelvic lymph node biopsies, and omentectomy likewise showed no gross evidence of
      tumor. Histologic examination revealed foci of SCTAT scattered in the omentum.
      The peritoneal washings were positive. The ovaries and pelvic lymph nodes were
      free of tumor. A second-look laparotomy following six courses of chemotherapy
      with cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, and vincristine revealed microscopic tumor
      deposits in the base of the omental remnant, small bowel mesentery, anterior
      abdominal peritoneum, and meso-appendix. Clinically, the patient remains well
      following treatment with whole-abdominal radiation. To our knowledge, this is the
      first report of SCTAT in the umbilical region and the only case of SCTAT without
      an identifiable ovarian primary. The literature is reviewed, and the possible
      histogenesis of the tumor in this location is discussed.

PMID- 3366396
TI  - Peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial carcinoma.
AB  - Peritoneal cytology was obtained in 61 patients with carcinoma of the endometrium
      at the time of laparotomy. The incidence of positive peritoneal cytology was
      23.0%. It increased as the clinical stage advanced. The incidence of positive
      peritoneal cytology in patients with well-differentiated carcinoma or superficial
      myometrial invasion was low. The rate of paraaortic lymph node metastasis was
      higher in patients with positive peritoneal cytology than in patients with
      negative peritoneal cytology. However, this trend was not recognized in pelvic
      lymph node metastasis. In the positive peritoneal cytology group, 64.3% had
      disease outside of the uterus, while in the negative group only 12.8%. The 2-year
      survival rate in patients with positive peritoneal cytology was 57.1% and it was
      86.4% in patients with negative peritoneal cytology. It is concluded that the
      findings of positive peritoneal cytology is an important prognostic factor and
      routine peritoneal cytology should be obtained at the time of laparotomy in
      patients with carcinoma of the endometrium.

PMID- 3366397
TI  - Central nervous system lesions and advanced ovarian cancer.
AB  - Over the past 5 years we have seen seven cases of central nervous system tumors
      in patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian carcinoma. These have ranged in
      location from the conus medullaris to the brain and have varied in time of
      occurrence from the time of cancer diagnosis to 63 months following surgery. A
      diagnosis of metastatic ovarian carcinoma was established in six of the cases,
      while one patient had a second primary malignancy. All cases had prodromal and
      localizing neurologic symptoms which led to the suspicion of central nervous
      system involvement. The critical diagnostic studies were myelography and computed
      tomography of the brain and spine. We have reviewed our approach to diagnosis and
      therapy.

PMID- 3366398
TI  - [Factors associated with successful out-of-hospital resuscitation of cardiac
      arrest].

PMID- 3366399
TI  - [In-situ technique for lower extremity vascular reconstruction].

PMID- 3366400
TI  - [Digoxin-like material in liver disease].

PMID- 3366401
TI  - [Familial occurrence of Hirschsprung's disease].

PMID- 3366402
TI  - [Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer].

PMID- 3366403
TI  - [Relapsing hepatitis].

PMID- 3366404
TI  - [Fistula between the aortic valve and right ventricle in infective endocarditis].

PMID- 3366405
TI  - [Clinical aspects of the disaster in Bhopal].

PMID- 3366406
TI  - [Mortality in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3366407
TI  - [Digitalis intoxication treated by hemoperfusion through antibody-containing
      polyacrolein column].

PMID- 3366408
TI  - [The nurse's role in the follow-up of the diabetic patients].

PMID- 3366409
TI  - Metabolism of the food-borne mutagen/carcinogen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoxaline in the rat: assessment of biliary metabolites for genotoxicity.
AB  - The absorption and kinetics of excretion of [14C]2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5
      f]-quinoxaline (MeIQx) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Within 72 hr of
      an oral dose of [14C]MeIQx (20 mg/kg) 33-56% of the radioactivity was excreted in
      the urine and 37-75% of the radioactivity in the faeces, which accounted for
      greater than 99% of the dose. Only low levels of radioactivity remained in the
      body. Radioactivity, when expressed per gram of tissue, was highest in the liver
      and kidney with smaller amounts detected in the lung and both the small and large
      intestines. Between 25 and 50% of a dose of MeIQx was recovered in the bile
      within 24 hr. Biliary metabolites were excreted over a long period of time with
      one radioactive fraction rapidly excreted at 2-3 hr and a second fraction
      excreted at 10-12 hr. The metabolites present in bile were assessed for
      genotoxicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with or without hepatic S-9
      activation and were found to be present as detoxified products. The residual
      mutagenic activity present in bile was attributed primarily to unmetabolized
      MeIQx.

PMID- 3366410
TI  - Variability in caffeine consumption from coffee and tea: possible significance
      for epidemiological studies.
AB  - Five surveys, using a previously developed high-performance liquid chromatography
      procedure to measure caffeine concentrations, indicated great variations in the
      concentrations of caffeine in tea and coffee. In the study of beverages prepared
      at home, data on caffeine concentrations in 58 samples of tea and coffee, volumes
      of cups, and numbers of cups consumed/day, indicated that the range of caffeine
      intakes for the women participating was 49-1022 mg/day. There were considerable
      day-to-day variations in caffeine contents in coffee samples from some commercial
      coffee shops. When 17 samples of five national brands of instant coffee were made
      into beverages in the laboratory, variations in caffeine concentrations between
      lots were small but between brands were significant. A considerable range of
      caffeine concentrations was also found when 12 samples of coffee prepared at work
      by different individuals using the same jar of instant coffee were analysed.
      Analysis of tea samples prepared in the laboratory indicated that steeping time
      had an important influence on resulting caffeine and theobromine concentrations.
      People preparing their own beverages were found to drink more liquid than the
      volume offered commerically. The mean caffeine 'contents' of home-made coffee and
      of coffee prepared by individuals at work were 79.4 and 81.7 mg/cup respectively,
      indicating a mean intake of approximately 80 mg caffeine/cup. When this amount
      (80 mg/cup) was used to estimate daily intakes of caffeine from coffee, on the
      basis of the number of reported cups/day, and the values obtained were compared
      with the amounts actually consumed by individuals, the potential for
      misrepresentation of individual consumption became obvious. For example, for
      subjects consuming three cups of coffee, only 25% would have been correctly
      categorized in the expected range for the daily intake of caffeine, 39% would
      have been overestimated and 36% underestimated for the amount of caffeine
      consumed. These variations in caffeine concentrations and in the volume of coffee
      consumed have frequently been ignored in examinations of the possible
      relationship between coffee consumption and various health problems, and this
      could perhaps partly explain some conflicting results seen in epidemiological
      studies.

PMID- 3366411
TI  - 1-Phenyl-5-vinyl-2-imidazolidinethione, a proposed causative agent of Spanish
      toxic oil syndrome: synthesis, and identification in one of a group of case
      associated oil samples.
AB  - A method is described for the synthesis and characterization of N-(2-hydroxy-3
      butenyl)-N'-phenylthiourea, and its cyclization product, 1-phenyl-5-vinyl-2
      imidazolidinethione (PVIZT). Fourteen coded oil samples associated with toxic oil
      syndrome cases in Spain were examined by gas chromatography-electron impact mass
      spectrometry for the presence of PVIZT. Although these samples were obtained from
      households where cases of toxic oil syndrome had been recorded, they differed
      extremely with regard to their anilide and sulphur contents. In one sample PVIZT
      was detected at an estimated concentration of 1 mg/kg.

PMID- 3366413
TI  - Chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity study of propylene oxide in
      Wistar rats.
AB  - Four groups of 100 Wistar rats of each sex were exposed by inhalation to 0, 30,
      100 or 300 ppm propylene oxide for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 28 months. After 12,
      18 and 24 months ten rats/sex/group were killed to provide interim
      haematological, biochemical and urinary data. Mortality was increased by wk 115
      in both sexes in the 300-ppm group and by wk 119 in females of the 100-ppm group.
      Body weights were lower than those of the controls throughout the study in males
      of the 300-ppm group and in females of the 300-ppm group during the first year of
      the study. Increased incidences of degenerative and hyperplastic changes of the
      nasal mucosa were observed in all exposed groups. Exposure to 300 ppm propylene
      oxide was associated with an increased incidence of both benign and malignant
      mammary tumours in females. There was no increase in the incidence of any
      particular type of tumour other than mammary tumours. The total number of rats
      bearing malignant tumours at sites other than the mammary glands was increased in
      both sexes in the 300-ppm group compared with the controls.

PMID- 3366412
TI  - Comparative toxicities of the naturally occurring nitrile 1-cyano-3,4
      epithiobutane and the synthetic nitrile n-valeronitrile in rats: differences in
      target organs, metabolism and toxic mechanisms.
AB  - Toxic but sublethal oral doses of 125 mg/kg (1.1 mmol/kg) of the cruciferous
      nitrile, 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane (CEB), or 175 mg/kg (2.1 mmol/kg) of its
      synthetic saturated analogue, n-valeronitrile (VN), were given by gavage to male
      CDF (F-344/CrlBr) rats once daily for 1, 2 or 3 days, in order to compare target
      tissues and to observe structure-activity relationships between the nitriles. CEB
      induced changes included degeneration and necrosis of the pars recta of the renal
      proximal tubules, ulceration and necrosis in the forestomach, a mild increase
      (4.5-fold) in daily urinary thiocyanate (SCN-) excretion (only in rats treated
      for 3 days) and 1.5- to 2.4-fold increases in hepatic and pancreatic non-protein
      thiol (RSH) concentrations (in all CEB-treated groups). In VN-treated rats, there
      were no consistent histological changes but 95- to 170-fold increases in daily
      urinary SCN- excretion, delayed clinical signs of cyanide toxicity and minimal
      effects on tissue RSH concentrations. These results indicate different toxic
      mechanisms for VN and CEB. The nephrotoxic effects of CEB were very similar to
      those of 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3,4-epithiobutane, suggesting a role for the epithio
      group in the nephrotoxicity of these nitriles. The relatively low SCN- excretion
      in CEB-treated rats also suggested that cyanide played only a minimal role in CEB
      toxicity, while the high SCN- excretion, clinical signs of cyanide poisoning and
      lack of histological changes imply a greater role for metabolically-derived
      cyanide in VN toxicity. The enhancement of tissue RSH by CEB treatment with
      indications of enhanced tissue glutathione concentrations suggested the
      involvement of glutathione in the detoxication of CEB and/or its reactive
      metabolites.

PMID- 3366414
TI  - Long-term toxicity of hexachlorobenzene.

PMID- 3366415
TI  - Influence of dose size on the disposition of trans-[methoxy-14C]anethole in human
      volunteers.
AB  - The influence of dose size on the metabolic fate of the naturally occurring food
      flavouring trans-anethole has been investigated in human volunteers, using the
      [methoxy-14C]-labelled compound. The doses chosen were: 1 mg; close to the daily
      intake in the diet from foods, 50 mg; approximating to the amount present in a
      normal measure of an anise-flavoured beverage, and 250 mg. The order of
      administration was randomized. The major routes of elimination of 14C were in the
      urine (54-69% of the administered dose) and as exhaled 14CO2 (13-17%). Dose size
      had no systematic effect on either rate or route of excretion. Urinary
      metabolites were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography, before and
      after treatment with beta-glucuronidase, and identified by comparison of their
      chromatographic mobilities with those of authentic standards. The principal
      metabolite (greater than 90% of urinary 14C) was 4-methoxyhippuric acid,
      accompanied by much smaller amounts of 4-methoxybenzoic acid and up to three
      other compounds, which were not examined further. The pattern of urinary
      metabolites was unaffected by dose size. These data are discussed with reference
      to the comparative metabolic disposition of trans-anethole in rats and mice, the
      species commonly used in toxicity testing and in which its fate exhibits a very
      marked dose dependence.

PMID- 3366416
TI  - The reproducibility of the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in human saliva after
      a nitrate load.
AB  - We investigated the reproducibility of the inter- and intra-individual variations
      in the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in saliva. Saliva samples were collected
      from 20 volunteers just before and at regular intervals after a nitrate load on
      four non-consecutive days within a period of 2 months. On three occasions
      beetroot juice was the nitrate source and on one occasion a nitrate solution was
      given. Despite large day-to-day variations it was possible to discriminate
      between subjects with a consistently high or low nitrate conversion after a
      nitrate load. Neither saliva sampling before a nitrate load nor single saliva
      samples are sufficient to obtain clear information about individual capacities
      for nitrate-nitrite conversion.

PMID- 3366417
TI  - Comparison of the effects of feeding quercetin or flavone on hepatic and
      intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat.
AB  - The influence of dietary flavone and quercetin on the components of the drug
      metabolizing enzyme system was examined in the liver and small intestine of the
      rat. Quercetin given at a concentration of 1% in the diet for 14 days produced no
      significant changes on phase I or phase II enzyme activities. In contrast, 0.25%
      flavone caused significant increases in relative liver weight, microsomal and
      cytoplasmic proteins, and cytochrome P-450 content. The activities of hepatic
      ethoxyresorufin, pentoxyresorufin and ethoxycoumarin deethylases were
      significantly increased (by 20, 30 and 2.5-fold, respectively) over control
      levels. Hepatic UDP-glucuronyl transferase and glutathione transferase activities
      were increased 3-4-fold. In contrast, flavone induced no changes in these two
      intestinal enzyme activities. It is concluded that flavone produces an induction
      that shows both phenobarbital- and methylcholanthrene-type characteristics and
      that its effects on conjugating enzymes is tissue specific.

PMID- 3366418
TI  - Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) in
      rats.
AB  - FD & C Yellow No. 5 was fed to Charles River CD rats as a dietary admixture in
      two long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity studies. The studies were conducted with
      an in utero phase in which the compound was administered to the F0 generation
      rats (60/sex/group) at levels of 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 or 2.0% ('original study')
      and 0.0 or 5.0% ('high-dose study'). The concurrent control groups received the
      basal diet. After random selection of the F1 animals, the long-term phase was
      initiated using the same dietary levels with 70 rats of each sex/group, including
      the three control groups. The maximum exposure to the colouring was 113 and 114
      wk for males and females, respectively, in the 'original' study and 122 and 125
      wk for males and females, respectively, in the 'high-dose' study. No compound
      related effects were noted. The no-adverse-effect level found in this study was
      5.0% in the diet providing an average intake of 2641 and 3348 mg/kg/day for male
      and female rats, respectively.

PMID- 3366419
TI  - A chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) in
      mice.
AB  - Charles River CD-1 mice were fed FD & C Yellow No. 5 in the diet at levels of
      0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.5 or 5.0% in a long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity study. Each
      group consisted of 60 males and 60 females. Maximum exposure was 104 wk for both
      males and females. No consistent, significant compound-related adverse effects
      were noted. The no-observed-adverse effect level established in this study was
      5.0% (8103 mg/kg/day and 9735 mg/kg/day for male and female mice, respectively.)

PMID- 3366420
TI  - The effect of pyridoxine on the number of lymphocytes in the blood of rats fed
      caramel colour (III).
AB  - The effect of vitamin E, folic acid, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and choline on the
      reduction in circulating lymphocytes in the blood of rats fed Caramel Colour
      (III) also known as ammonia caramel colour (beer type; AC) has been examined. It
      was found that the reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes in rats fed
      AC could be prevented by the addition of pyridoxine to the diet. The activity of
      AC in reducing the number of circulating lymphocytes also closely resembled that
      of the pyridoxine antagonist 4'-deoxypyridoxine. After the isolation and
      identification of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), comparative
      studies indicated that THI was the component of AC responsible for reducing the
      number of circulating lymphocytes. Although the effect of AC was reduced or
      prevented by increasing dietary pyridoxine, the lymphocyte reduction associated
      with the administration of THI was not materially affected by the dietary level
      of pyridoxine.

PMID- 3366421
TI  - N-nitrosamines in Chinese foods.
AB  - A total of 695 different Chinese foods and ten malt samples were analysed, using
      gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis, for the possible presence of volatile
      N-nitrosamines. N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was found in 146 of 176 beers
      tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6 ppb. NDMA was also detected in 201
      of 271 meat products tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 7.4 ppb. High
      levels of NDMA, up to 131.5 ppb, were detected in some seafoods and were further
      confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Milk products were found to
      contain less than 0.1-3.6 ppb NPYR, less than 0.1-5.7 ppb NDMA and less than 0.1
      0.7 ppb NPIP, while in flavourings the nitrosamine concentrations were less than
      0.1-10.3 ppb NPYR, less than 0.1-3.6 ppb NDMA and less than 0.1-0.9 ppb NPIP.
      Pickled vegetables contained less than 0.1-25.5 ppb NPYR and less than 0.1-15 ppb
      NDMA.

PMID- 3366422
TI  - Formation of a mutagenic diazoquinone by interaction of phenol with nitrite.
AB  - Reaction of phenol with nitrite under mildly acidic conditions produced p
      nitrosophenol, p-diazoquinone and o-diazoquinone. p-Diazoquinone showed
      mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 without metabolic
      activation; the number of his+ revertant colonies in strain TA98 was 85 with a
      dose of 20 nmol (after deduction of the background (control) number of about 20).
      Higher doses of the compound were bactericidal. While the reaction of phenol with
      an equivalent amount of nitrite at pH 3 produced p-nitrosophenol in high yield,
      reaction with excess nitrite produced a high yield of p-diazoquinone. p
      Nitrosophenol was converted to p-diazoquinone by reaction with nitrite. Formation
      of o-diazoquinone also increased with increasing amounts of nitrite. The
      formation of these compounds was not greatly affected by the presence of
      dimethylamine. Nitrosation of dimethylamine with nitrite was stimulated by phenol
      because of the formation of p-nitrosophenol and its stimulatory effect. Thus, the
      reaction of phenol with nitrite can produce mutagenic p-diazoquinone, and can
      also stimulate nitrosation of secondary amines by production of p-nitrosophenol.

PMID- 3366423
TI  - Alkylating activity in food products--especially sauerkraut and sour fermented
      dairy products--after incubation with nitrite under quasi-gastric conditions.
AB  - N-Nitroso compounds may well rank high among the genotoxic carcinogens present in
      our environment. Small amounts of such compounds may be formed in the human
      stomach after consumption of high-nitrate vegetables. Volatile nitrosamines can
      be conveniently determined but reliable methods of analysis for non-volatile N
      nitroso compounds are still lacking. In this study we have used the 4-(4
      nitrobenzyl)pyridine test to look for the formation of alkylating compounds such
      as N-nitroso-N-methylurea in a wide range of food products after incubation with
      nitrite under simulated gastric conditions. Our results indicate that many food
      products do not form alkylating compounds in appreciable amounts, even though the
      nitrite concentration used was five to ten times that found in saliva after a
      high-nitrate meal. Comparatively strong alkylating activity, however, was
      detected after incubation of samples of sauerkraut, certain dairy products
      (yoghurt, biogarde, quark, buttermilk and milk), wine and smoked mackerel.
      Samples of sauerkraut incubated with simulated gastric fluid, but without (added)
      nitrite, also displayed appreciable alkylating activity. The formation of
      alkylating substances in non-fat yoghurt was markedly inhibited by addition of
      ascorbic acid. The identity of the alkylating agents remains unknown. The
      isolation procedure was optimized for N-nitroso-N-methylurea, but will certainly
      result in the isolation of other compounds, such as C-nitroso-, C-nitro- or
      perhaps even C-nitroso-C'-nitro-compounds as well. Biogenic amines,
      glucosinolates, indole derivatives or other compounds may be involved as
      precursors. If alkylating agents are formed in vivo after ingestion of high
      nitrate vegetables or drinking water, this is likely to occur only when the food
      products mentioned above are ingested simultaneously with or shortly after the
      nitrate load and not appreciably (except perhaps in the case of sauerkraut) when
      they are ingested alone, without a nitrate source. The health implications of
      these findings cannot yet be established. Many alkylating agents, however, have
      strong carcinogenic properties and continued investigation of food products (and
      their interaction products with nitrite) is indicated.

PMID- 3366424
TI  - Morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells in vitro by
      vomitoxin.
AB  - The transforming potential of vomitoxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin produced on
      cereal grains by fungi of the genus Fusarium, was assessed using mouse embryo
      BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cells. Cells grown in Eagle's basal medium with Earle's salts
      supplemented with 7.5% foetal bovine serum were treated with highly purified
      vomitoxin, which was dissolved in distilled water and filter-sterilized. Assays
      were conducted using cells from three different passages at dose levels ranging
      from 0.1 to 1.6 microgram/ml. The treatment time was 48 hr and the highest dose
      levels tested produced approximately 10% survival as determined by in situ cell
      counts. Distilled water and 3-methylcholanthrene (5.0 micrograms/ml) were used as
      the vehicle and positive controls, respectively. Of the 20 dishes examined per
      dose group, the numbers of type III foci were 0-1 in the solvent control, 12-15
      in the positive control and 0-9 in the treated groups. Comparison of the three
      assays showed that the level of response varied with passage number. Of the three
      passages of cells tested-passage numbers 6, 8 and 9 (p6, p8 and p9)--passage-9
      cells produced the strongest positive effect.

PMID- 3366425
TI  - Teratogenicity of n-propanol and isopropanol administered at high inhalation
      concentrations to rats.
AB  - As part of a teratological evaluation of several alcohols, 10,000, 7000 and 3500
      ppm n-propanol or isopropanol were administered by inhalation to groups of 15
      pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 hr/day on gestation days 1-19. The dams were
      killed on day 20. Half of the foetuses were examined for skeletal defects and the
      others for visceral defects using the Wilson technique. The highest concentration
      of n-propanol produced only minimal maternal toxicity, as indicated by
      observation and by measurement of weight gain and feed and water intake. In
      contrast, the same concentration of isopropanol produced narcosis in the dams,
      retarded body-weight gain and reduced the feed intake. At 7000 ppm isopropanol,
      body-weight gain was retarded but there were no other observable effects in the
      dams. Following exposure to 10,000 ppm of either alcohol, there were significant
      (P less than or equal to 0.05) increases in resorptions and decreases in foetal
      weights compared with the control groups. Foetal weights were also reduced
      significantly following exposure to 7000 ppm of either alcohol and to 3500 ppm
      isopropanol. Significantly more litters had malformations following exposure to
      10,000 or 7000 ppm of either alcohol, but these effects were seen only in the
      presence of maternal toxicity. At 3500 ppm, no detectable teratogenic effects
      were produced by either solvent.

PMID- 3366426
TI  - Genotoxicity studies on selected organosilicon compounds: in vivo assays.
AB  - Six organosilicon compounds which had been found to have clastogenic activity in
      an in vitro battery of genotoxicity assays were evaluated in rat bone marrow
      cytogenetic assays for assessing clastogenicity in an in vivo system. None of the
      six compounds produced significant increases in chromosome aberrations in the
      rodent assay. However, trimethylsilanol produced a single value at the high-dose
      level/48-hr sampling interval that was significantly elevated when compared to
      the low concurrent control value. Both an independent repeat of the bone marrow
      cytogenetic assay and performance of the rat dominant lethal test failed to
      substantiate the presence of any significant clastogenic activity. Organosilicon
      compounds involved in the synthesis and degradation of polydimethylsiloxanes were
      not genotoxic in the in vivo clastogenicity tests employed in these studies.

PMID- 3366427
TI  - Review of the Girdlestone-Taylor procedure for clawtoes in myelodysplasia.
AB  - To clarify the role the flexor tendon to extensor hood transfer (Girdlestone
      Taylor procedure) may have in correction of clawtoes in myelodysplasia, 20
      patients with residual paralysis from myelomeningocele who underwent the
      procedure between 1976 and 1985 were reviewed. They were evaluated for the
      effectiveness of the procedure and occurrence of late deformities. A total of 25
      feet with 65 toes were evaluated in patients ranging in age from 0.6 to 38.8
      years. Results were classified as good if toes were straight, fair if mild
      deformity was present, and poor if definite clawing was noted. The overall
      results showed 60% good, 34% fair, and 6% poor results. Toes followed less than
      24 months had more good results than those with longer follow-up. There was
      little difference in the results between great toes and lesser toes. No serious
      complications occurred. Our results indicate a sufficient level of success to
      utilize this method for correction of flexible claw toe deformities without
      resorting to bony procedures. We suggest this should be particularly useful in
      children.

PMID- 3366428
TI  - The mechanical characteristics of the collateral ligaments of the human ankle
      joint.
AB  - In the present study, the tensile mechanical properties of all of the collateral
      ligaments of the human ankle joint were determined, in vitro, from tensile tests
      conducted on 120 ligaments obtained from 20 fresh lower limbs. The ultimate load
      of the lateral collateral ligaments increased in an anteroposterior sequence,
      with the anterior fibulotalar ligament less than the fibulocalcaneal ligament and
      less than the posterior fibulotalar ligament. For the medial collateral
      ligaments, the increasing order of ultimate load was found to be tibiocalcaneal
      ligament, tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, posterior tibiotalar
      ligament. The posterior tibiotalar ligament and tibiospring ligament, so
      frequently neglected in the anatomical and orthopaedic literature, demonstrated
      the highest yield force and ultimate load of all of the collateral ligaments of
      the ankle. Additionally, the tibiospring ligament showed high yield and ultimate
      elongation properties probably related to its distal attachment to the spring
      ligament. The fibulocalcaneal ligament was found to have high linear elastic
      modulus suggesting some type of unique material properties or internal fiber
      organization. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of the ligaments of the
      ankle joint contributes to an understanding of their normal function,
      pathomechanics of injury, and their optimal surgical reparative procedure and
      reconstructive material. A knowledge of the normal mechanical properties of the
      ankle ligaments provides a data base to evaluate which of the multiplicity of
      present tendon graft materials has mechanical properties similar to those of the
      ligaments to be replaced. Those tendon grafts will be the most suitable for
      replacement of specific ligaments. Finally, data on the mechanical properties of
      these ligaments offer the possibility for evaluating any future biological or
      prosthetic grafts.

PMID- 3366429
TI  - Metastatic tumors of the foot and ankle.
AB  - In a review of the Mayo Clinic files, 17 biopsy-proven cases of metastatic tumors
      of the foot and ankle were found; 4 additional cases were considered to have
      metastatic disease on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence but no
      histological confirmation was available. Lung, kidney, and colon were the most
      common sites of the primary tumors. The patients survived as long as 28 months
      after discovery of the metastasis. Treatment consisted of individualized
      combinations of orthotics, surgery, and radiotherapy to maintain mobility. In 9
      of these 17 cases, no primary lesion was identified at the time the metastasis
      was diagnosed. Metastatic tumors of the foot present special problems in
      diagnosis and management.

PMID- 3366431
TI  - Hypermobility in hallux valgus.
AB  - Hypermobility has been implicated as one of the etiological components in common
      foot problems such as hallux valgus but has not been substantiated by
      experimental data. Twenty patients with symptomatic untreated hallux valgus and
      20 controls were evaluated with a simple hypermobility scoring system. A
      statistically significant correlation was found to reveal that female patients
      aged 20 to 40 yr with symptomatic hallux valgus have a mild generalized
      hypermobility when compared to a similar group of control patients. The presence
      of such ligamentous laxity would seem to support the need for bony correction in
      such patients as soft tissue procedures would have a greater propensity for
      malalignment due to the underlying hypermobility in combination with everyday
      environmental stresses of trauma and overuse.

PMID- 3366430
TI  - Musculoskeletal demands on flamenco dancers: a clinical and biomechanical study.
AB  - The flamenco dancer acts on the floor like a drummer. The percussive footwork and
      vibration patterns created during dancing impose unusual demands on the
      musculoskeletal system. This study investigated the clinical and biomechanical
      aspects of this task. Using the electrodynogram and skin-mounted accelerometers,
      foot pressures as well as hip and knee vibrations were recorded in 10 female
      dancers after a thorough clinical evaluation. A health questionnaire was also
      distributed to 29 dancers. Foot pressures and acceleration data reveal the
      percussive nature of the dance. Some clinical findings, like calluses, are
      related to pressure distribution. Urogenital disorders, as well as back and neck
      pain, may be related to the vibrations generated by the flamenco dance form. The
      hip joint seems to absorb most of the impacts. "Vibration-pressure" diagrams are
      suggested as a useful tool for evaluating a dancer's biomechanical behavior, as
      well as the effect of floors and footwear on this behavior.

PMID- 3366432
TI  - Combined anteroposterior tibial tendon transfer in post-traumatic peroneal palsy.
AB  - Posterior tibial tendon transfer to the dorsum of the foot for correction of
      traumatic paralytic peroneal palsy is a well-accepted treatment option. A careful
      review of the literature reveals that the results of treatment in this specific
      patient group are not always encouraging. This paper reports the results of a
      combined anteroposterior tibial tendon transfer in nine patients with traumatic
      paralytic peroneal palsy who initially used an ankle-foot orthosis to ambulate.
      Percutaneous tendo achillis lengthening to correct fixed ankle equinus was
      performed in six of the patients. At a minimal 24-mo follow-up (range, 24-56),
      all nine patients were brace free and subjectively felt that the surgery was
      successful. While the surgery was initially planned to provide an active
      "tenodesis" of the ankle to resist passive ankle equinus during swing phase of
      gait, walking electromyography revealed "retraining" of the transferred posterior
      tibial muscle to function as an active swing-phase ankle dorsiflexor muscle in
      seven of the nine patients.

PMID- 3366433
TI  - Histological features of value in differentiating small congenital melanocytic
      naevi from acquired naevi.
AB  - One hundred and twelve melanocytic naevi measuring less than 5 cm in largest
      diameter were excised from 85 patients referred because of minor concern about
      possible growth or malignant potential of these naevi. Sections from all 112
      naevi were examined histologically, without access to the clinical history, and
      the following features noted: type of melanocytic proliferation in the basal
      layer area, contiguity of epidermal and dermal components, total width and depth
      of naevus, involvement of subcutaneous fat and of skin appendages, the presence
      or absence of an 'Indian file' type of naevus cell infiltration, cellular atypia
      and evidence of maturation of these cells. On the basis of these features, naevi
      were assigned to either a 'congenital type' or 'acquired type' classification,
      and their distribution in these two classifications then compared with the
      clinical history. It was found that in 107 of 112 lesions correct assignation had
      been made on histological grounds alone, 43 as congenital and 64 as acquired. A
      histological pattern not previously reported to be associated with congenital
      naevi was seen in 17 (34%) of the congenital lesions. This study suggests that it
      is possible to differentiate the majority of small congenital naevi from acquired
      naevi on histopathological grounds alone. This observation could be of
      considerable value in the examination of excised primary malignant melanomas for
      evidence of a pre-existing naevus of either type.

PMID- 3366434
TI  - The histopathology and staging of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
AB  - Review of 26 resected ampullary carcinomas revealed intestinal type
      adenocarcinoma in all but one and overtly papillary carcinoma in only one case.
      Co-existing adenoma of the ampulla was present in 11 cases, over half of which
      were low-grade carcinomas. Flat duct epithelial dysplasia was present in a
      further eight cases, the adenocarcinoma in only two of these being well
      differentiated. The estimated 5 year survival rate, overall, was 52% and, with
      well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 75%. We recommend a new staging system, based
      on extent of local and lymph node spread: I = invasion confined to wall of common
      bile duct; II = infiltration of duodenal or retroperitoneal tissues, excluding
      pancreas; III = infiltration of pancreas; IV = metastasis to nearby lymph nodes.
      Long-term survival correlates inversely with stage, both by univariate analysis
      and independently of grade, so that a simple scoring system, based on a
      combination of both grade and stage, is an excellent predictor of the long-term
      outcome, defining two groups, with 5 year survival rates of 79% and 0% (P less
      than 0.001).

PMID- 3366436
TI  - Elastosis in the male breast.
AB  - Elastosis, a common finding in infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinomas of the
      female breast, has also been described in a variety of other benign and malignant
      lesions. However, elastosis has not been previously documented in male breast
      lesions. Ten cases of gynaecomastia and five neoplastic lesions of the male
      breast were evaluated for elastosis. In gynaecomastia, elastosis is a feature of
      the ducts surrounded by collagenized fibrous tissue but not of ducts with loose
      connective tissue stroma. This association is also evident to some extent in
      neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that elastosis is an expression of
      periductal fibrosis irrespective of the nature of the lesion.

PMID- 3366435
TI  - Enteric tumours of the lower female genital tract: a report of three cases.
AB  - Three enteric-type neoplasms of the lower female genital tract are described; an
      enteric adenocarcinoma of the cervix, an enteric adenocarcinoma of the vagina and
      a tubulo-villous adenoma of the vagina. The two adenocarcinomas were
      characterized by the presence of columnar cells with a prominent brush border and
      an abundance of goblet cells. The tubulovillous adenoma was identical to similar
      lesions found in the large intestine. The criteria for diagnosis of an enteric
      adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract are discussed and it is concluded that
      the histochemical demonstration of o-acetylated sialomucin is the most specific
      marker of intestinal differentiation. It is suggested that enteric tumours of the
      cervix arise from foci of gastrointestinal metaplasia. Enteric tumours of the
      vagina are more likely to develop from cloacal remnants.

PMID- 3366437
TI  - Interstitial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus infection: a report of a
      fatal case in childhood.

PMID- 3366438
TI  - Fibrocystic disease in the male breast.

PMID- 3366439
TI  - Heterotopic middle ear gliomatosis.

PMID- 3366440
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal lymphomas.

PMID- 3366441
TI  - Primary malignant lymphoma of the colon and rectum. A histopathological and
      immunohistochemical analysis of 45 cases with clinicopathological correlations.
AB  - Primary colorectal lymphoma accounts for only about 0.2% of large intestinal
      malignancies. Management difficulties are compounded by a lack of consistent
      pathological reporting and by the use of numerous different classifications.
      Forty-five cases of primary colorectal lymphoma are included in this study. The
      presenting features are indistinguishable from those of colorectal cancer. Seven
      patients had a history of chronic ulcerative colitis but no other predisposing
      factors were identified. Immunohistochemical studies showed that all tumours were
      of B-cell phenotype. Most tumours were difficult to characterize using standard
      pathological classifications such as Kiel, except for the 11 cases of malignant
      (multiple) lymphomatous polyposis, which were morphologically diffuse centrocytic
      lymphomas. Twenty-nine lymphomas showed the morphological and immunohistochemical
      features associated with tumours arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
      These tumours showed variable but often marked polymorphism and we have used the
      term polymorphic B-cell lymphoma to describe them. Consistency was achieved
      between three observers as to whether these tumours were low or high grade, and
      grade was found to be prognostically important. A modified Dukes staging system
      was adopted and there was a trend for early stage to give prognostic advantage.
      This study supports the view that surgery should be the primary treatment for
      localized lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract with radiotherapy and/or
      chemotherapy for advanced cases and for malignant lymphomatous polyposis.

PMID- 3366442
TI  - Lymphadenitis mimicking Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A variant of lymphadenitis mimicking interfollicular Hodgkin's disease is
      described. The morphology, immunohistochemistry and clinical course of 25 cases
      are reported. The morphology is characterized by changes in the interfollicular
      region within a well-preserved lymph node architecture. These changes include
      variegated hyperplasia of the pulp with epithelioid cells, mature eosinophilic
      granulocytes and immunoblasts occasionally resembling Hodgkin cells. In contrast
      to Hodgkin's disease no typical Sternberg-Reed cells could be found.
      Immunohistochemically, neither positive reactions with Hodgkin cell markers (anti
      CD15: LeuM1; 3C4; C3D-1) nor B-cell monoclonality could be detected. Transition
      to malignancy, in particular Hodgkin's disease, did not occur in our cases.

PMID- 3366443
TI  - Intramuscular and intermuscular lipoma: neglected diagnoses.
AB  - Fifty-four cases of lipoma arising either within or between skeletal muscles are
      presented. Of these, 52 were identified in a systematic review of 2478 tumours of
      adipose tissue diagnosed and treated in one hospital over a 25 year period.
      Intramuscular lipomas account for 1.8% of fatty tumours, arise predominantly in
      middle to late adult life and, in our series, are commonest on the trunk. They
      may be divided into infiltrative and well-circumscribed types, respective local
      recurrence rates being 19 and 0%. Intermuscular lipomas are comparatively rare,
      0.3% of fatty tumours, have a similar age distribution and arise most often in
      the anterior abdominal wall; none of the seven cases recurred. It is important
      that both pathologists and surgeons appreciate the significant tendency of
      infiltrative intramuscular lipomas to recur. Hence, preventative surgical
      measures may be undertaken and worries that the lesion may be sarcomatous can be
      avoided. Differential diagnosis, most importantly from well-differentiated
      liposarcoma, is discussed.

PMID- 3366444
TI  - The efficacy of histopathological criteria required for diagnosing dysplastic
      naevi.
AB  - The efficacy of specific histopathological features for diagnosing dysplastic
      naevi was established by comparing their frequency in 62 dysplastic naevi, from
      36 patients with the dysplastic naevus syndrome, with those in 326 ostensibly
      benign naevocellular naevi derived from a group of 67 autopsy cases. Individual
      diagnostic features had a low sensitivity, a low specificity or low predictive
      values. Discriminant analysis showed that the presence of dust-like melanin,
      irregular naevoid nests, markedly increased junctional activity and melanocytic
      nuclei equal or larger in size than overlying keratinocyte nuclei were the most
      discriminating features. Using two or more of these criteria plus a lymphocytic
      infiltrate as an obligatory diagnostic criterion, a reasonable efficacy could be
      reached for dysplastic naevi. Based on these combinations of criteria the
      prevalence of histologically proven dysplastic naevi in the autopsy group would
      be 10%. Lesions with all these four discriminating features were found in half of
      the patients from the dysplastic naevus syndrome group, but were absent in the
      autopsy group. We suggest that such severely atypical dysplastic naevi may be
      indicative of patients at high risk for developing malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3366445
TI  - Melanin-forming Schwann cells in some oral mucosal lesions.
AB  - Normal oral mucosa and some mucosal lesions show melanin pigmentation, and it is
      usually assumed that melanin-containing cells in the lamina propria are
      melanophages. In a study of oral mucosa from two cases of lichen planus and tow
      of sublingual keratosis, many brown, intracellular, Masson-Fontana-positive
      granules were seen. At the ultrastructural level some of the melanin-containing
      cells displayed characteristics of Schwann cells rather than melanophages. These
      cells were surrounded by a basal lamina and contained unmyelinated axons.
      Although the majority of the melanin granules in these cells were compound
      melanosomes, single melanosomes and premelanosomes were also seen. These findings
      show that in sublingual keratosis and oral lichen planus lesions some of the
      melanin-containing cells in the connective tissue may be melanin-forming Schwann
      cells.

PMID- 3366446
TI  - Choriocarcinoma arising in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder: a case report.
AB  - Trophoblastic metaplasia can occasionally occur in transitional cell carcinomas
      of the bladder and the resultant choriocarcinoma is likely to behave differently
      from typical epithelial bladder tumours.

PMID- 3366447
TI  - Spindle cell carcinoma of bile duct origin.

PMID- 3366448
TI  - Unusual subcutaneous sarcoid-type foreign body granulomatous mass.

PMID- 3366449
TI  - Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma presenting as a gastric polyp.

PMID- 3366450
TI  - Solid and cystic tumour of the pancreas; a hormonal-dependent neoplasm?

PMID- 3366451
TI  - The ratio of prostate chips with cancer: a new measure of tumor extent and its
      relationship to grade and prognosis.
AB  - The ratio of chips with cancer to the total number of chips was studied in 118
      patients with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral prostatectomy. We found
      that this ratio is a prognosticator closely associated to the stage of tumor
      (local or extensive) and to the chance of death from prostate cancer. Stage, the
      ratio of positive chips and the Gleason histologic score are all closely tied one
      to another, and it is unclear from this initial study whether these variables
      provide independent or additive prognostic information. Nevertheless, the ratio
      of positive chips shows far better interobserver agreement than does the Gleason
      score, and in patients with the most common predominant score of three, it can
      separate most of those with localized disease from most of those with extensive
      disease. Thus the ratio shows promise as a reliable predictor of stage of disease
      and of long-term failure, and hence it may help in the choice of patients for
      curative surgery.

PMID- 3366452
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: light and
      electron microscopic observations.
AB  - Two young homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented
      with five-lobe pneumonia and maculopapular rash, respectively, and were found to
      have disseminated histoplasmosis by examination of peripheral blood smears. Bone
      marrow smears from one patient revealed more numerous Histoplasma capsulatum
      organisms than peripheral blood smears did. Electron microscopy of peripheral
      blood buffy coat demonstrated histoplasma organisms in monocytes and neutrophils
      as well as tubuloreticular structures in small lymphocytes. A search for
      Histoplasma capsulatum in peripheral blood smears from patients with AIDS is
      warranted, especially in endemic midwestern states.

PMID- 3366453
TI  - Renal oncocytoma: a report of two cases with immunohistochemical evaluation.
AB  - Two cases of renal oncocytoma are characterized by histologic electron
      microscopic, and immunohistochemical evaluation. In one case there was a
      coexistent renal cell carcinoma. The immunophenotype of the oncocytes provide
      evidence for an origin from the distal nephron. The results indicate that
      immunohistochemical methods can be helpful in discriminating renal oncocytoma
      from (granular type) renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3366455
TI  - Pancreatic acinar ectasia and intraoperative needle biopsy.
AB  - Intraoperative needle biopsy of the pancreas showing pancreatic acinar ectasia
      can present a problem in differential diagnosis from pancreatic carcinoma.
      Although this event has previously been described as an incidental postmortem
      finding, with the increasing use of intraoperative pancreatic biopsy, it is
      probable that it will be encountered more frequently. The surgical pathologist
      must be able to distinguish this entity from well-differentiated primary
      pancreatic adenocarcinoma on frozen section.

PMID- 3366454
TI  - Hemodynamic characteristics of the vertebrobasilar system in moyamoya disease: a
      histometric study.
AB  - Two autopsy cases of adult moyamoya disease were investigated by histometric and
      histopathologic techniques and the findings compared with those in three
      normotensive and five hypertensive controls in order to clarify the hemodynamic
      characteristics of the vertebrobasilar system in this disease. A thorough
      histologic examination of the vertebral and basilar arteries revealed that the
      fundamental arterial structures were well preserved in the vertebrobasilar
      system, unlike in the internal carotid system. A histometric study disclosed that
      the mean thickness of the media was considerably greater than that in comparable
      arteries of normotensive controls. From these observations, it was suggested that
      the essential arterial alterations in the vertebrobasilar system in moyamoya
      disease were hypertensive in nature and that this might be due to the increased
      pressure load on this system to compensate for the occlusive state of the
      internal carotid system. The medial hypertrophy in the vertebrobasilar system,
      even after massive medial atrophy in the carotid system, was impressive and
      suggestive of the complexity of hemodynamic changes and consequent tissue
      responses in this moyamoya disease.

PMID- 3366456
TI  - Gastrectomy--a risk factor for pancreatic carcinoma?

PMID- 3366457
TI  - Cytoplasmic surface activity in leukemic bone marrow cells.

PMID- 3366458
TI  - Autopsy-related activities.

PMID- 3366459
TI  - Human sperm chromosome studies in a reciprocal translocation t(2;5).
AB  - Sperm chromosome complements have been studied in a man heterozygous for a
      reciprocal translocation t(2;5)(p11;q15). Human sperm chromosomes were obtained
      after fertilization of zona-free hamster eggs. A total of 75 human sperm
      metaphases were analysed. On the complements studied, 59 (78.6%) resulted from a
      2:2 segregation and 16 (21.3%) from a 3:1 segregation, 4:0 segregation was not
      observed. Our results indicate that at least 36% of sperm complements were
      unbalanced with respect to the translocation. The frequency of other chromosome
      anomalies unrelated to the translocation was 16%.

PMID- 3366460
TI  - Molecular characterization of a Y;15 translocation segregating in a family.
AB  - We have used Y-specific and Y-derived DNA probes for in situ hybridization and
      Southern blotting analysis to characterize a Y;15 translocation showing normal
      Mendelian inheritance in a family. Cytogenetically there appeared to be an
      unbalanced translocation of Yqh to 15p; this translocation may be considered as a
      prototype of those translocations between Yq and the short arm of an acrocentric
      chromosome which have a population incidence of approximately 1 in 2,000. Our
      molecular studies showed that, in all probability, the breakpoints were near the
      border between Yq11.23 and Yq12, and in 15p11, respectively; the translocation is
      abbreviated t(Y;15)(q12;p11). Using the Y-specific probe pY431 in a quantitative
      Southern hybridization assay, normal females had no hybridization, female
      carriers and normal men had the same amount, and male carriers had twice that
      amount. Cytogenetic analysis and quantitative in situ hybridization using probes
      pY431 and pY3.4 were consistent with the hypothesis that the portion of Yq
      translocated to 15p comprised all of Yq12 and none of Yq11. The absence of
      Southern hybridization with probes specific for Yp and Yq11 confirmed this
      observation. Even though the family was ascertained through two brothers who both
      had schizophrenia and were carriers of the translocation, the clinical evaluation
      of a total of nine individuals with the translocation and five without it did not
      suggest its association with an abnormal phenotype.

PMID- 3366461
TI  - DA/DAPI-fluorescent heteromorphism of human Y chromosome.
AB  - Variation of DA/DAPI intensity in the Yq12 band was observed in five amniotic
      cell specimens and one blood specimen from the father of one fetus. Three
      distinct classes of Yq heterochromatin were identified by distamycin A (DA)
      treatment of the cell cultures and various staining techniques. The
      heterochromatin in the Yq11.23 sub-band does not undercondense when exposed to
      DA, and shows pale fluorescence with quinacrine staining, positive C-banding, and
      bright fluorescence with DA/DAPI technique. This class of heterochromatin was
      consistently observed in all specimens studied. The other two classes of
      heterochromatin are in the Yq12 band. Both show undercondensation when exposed to
      DA, quinacrine-bright fluorescence, and positive C-banding; however, one class of
      heterochromatin shows DA/DAPI-bright fluorescence and the other shows pale
      fluorescence. The size and banding intensity of the two classes of
      heterochromatin in Yq12 are variable. These results provide cytological evidence
      of heterogeneity within the Y heterochromatin region containing AT-rich DNA.

PMID- 3366462
TI  - Replication kinetics of X chromosomes in fibroblasts and lymphocytes.
AB  - The kinetics of replication for early and late replicating X chromosomes in
      karyotypically normal fibroblasts and lymphocytes was studied using terminal
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment followed by Hoechst/light/Giemsa staining.
      Although the order of band appearance differs between the two tissues, the
      programme (order and interval between band appearances) for early replicating
      bands (dark R-bands) is identical in the two homologues. This is probably also
      the case for later replicating bands (dark G-bands) though the criteria for
      determining mean band appearance times are less reliable for these bands when
      terminal BrdU treatment is used. This means that the late X has a delayed start
      but thereafter proceeds at the same pace as its early counterpart.

PMID- 3366463
TI  - Family resemblance for serum uric acid in a Jerusalem sample of families.
AB  - Familial aggregation of serum uric acid was studied in a sample of families
      examined in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic. We first examined homogeneity of
      familial correlations across the major origin groups in the Israeli population
      sample. In general correlations were homogeneous across origin groups, except for
      spouse pairs. Pooled correlations among biological relatives across the origin
      groups were all statistically significant. Spouse correlation upon adjustment for
      concomitant variables was moderately positive (r = 0.115), yet significantly
      different from zero. Genetic and cultural determinants of uric acid were
      estimated utilizing a path model with 10 parameters to be estimated from a total
      of 16 correlations. Under a reduced model, genetic heritability (h2) was
      estimated to be 0.47 +/- 0.05 and cultural heritability (c2) was 0.11 +/- 0.03.
      However, our data gave suggestive evidence that cultural heritability was higher
      in parents (c2 = 0.28) than in children (c2 = 0.10). Commingling analysis and
      segregation analysis were also performed, and our findings imply that in the
      Israeli population there is no evidence for a major gene for high uric acid
      levels segregating in families.

PMID- 3366465
TI  - Variation in spontaneous chromosomal damage as a function of biologic rhythms in
      women.
AB  - An unequivocal observation of a higher rate of cellular genetic damage in terms
      of increased frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome
      aberrations during "ovulatory" and "estrogenic" stages as compared with those of
      "progestogenic" stage of the menstrual cycle in women and the reported
      fluctuations in SCEs as a function of time in men indicate that chronobiologic
      considerations are essential in the design of studies of humans and animals
      experiments. It seems that female subjects are more influenced by biologic
      rhythms because of specific hormonal cycles and are sensitive to genetic damage
      during ovulatory/estrogenic stages of the menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3366464
TI  - Neuropsychological deficits in obligatory heterozygotes for metachromatic
      leukodystrophy.
AB  - Two groups of heterozygotes, one for metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and the
      other for Tay-Sachs disease, were given a battery of neuropsychological tests, a
      standard neurological examination, and an EEG. Neurological and EEG findings were
      unremarkable for both groups. The MLD heterozygotes showed deficits in the
      neuropsychological tests involving spatial or constructional components, but not
      in tests involving language skills. The Tay-Sachs heterozygotes showed no
      consistent deficit on any component of the neuropsychological tests.

PMID- 3366466
TI  - G6PD Huntsville: a new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase associated with chronic
      hemolytic anemia.
AB  - We describe a previously unreported glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
      variant. G6PD Huntsville was found in a Caucasian male, resident of Huntsville,
      Alabama who was investigated for otherwise unexplained chronic hemolytic anemia.
      An unusual feature of this unique, apparently hemolytic, G6PD mutant is that its
      red cell enzymatic activity has not been decreased. The mutant enzyme is
      unstable. Additionally, the enzyme variant is characterized by normal
      electrophoretic mobility, biphasic and slightly alkaline pH optimum, and abnormal
      kinetics for the natural substrates G6PD and NADP as well as the artificial
      substrates deamino NADP. Its activity for another artificial substrate 2-deoxy
      G6PD is normal. The inhibition constant for NADPH is normal. The subject has had
      no evidence of episodic jaundice.

PMID- 3366467
TI  - Deletion 2q31.3----2q33.3: gene dosage effect of ribulose 5-phosphate 3
      epimerase.
AB  - In a new case of interstitial del(2q), measurements of ribulose 5-phosphate 3
      epimerase activity suggested that the locus for this enzyme might be localized to
      the subregion 2q32----q33.3.

PMID- 3366468
TI  - C-anaphases rediscovered.

PMID- 3366469
TI  - The C8-binding protein of human erythrocytes: interaction with the components of
      the complement-attack phase.
AB  - C8-binding protein is an intrinsic membrane protein of the human erythrocyte. It
      inhibits the complement (C5b-9)-mediated lysis in a species-restricting manner.
      In the present study we incorporated C8bp, isolated from human erythrocytes, into
      sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). SRBC, normally sensitive to lysis by human C5b-9,
      became insensitive to lysis. Furthermore, we found that C8bp is incorporated into
      the membrane-attack complex C5b-9, most probably by interacting with C8, since
      C8bp has an affinity for C8, particularly for the C8 alpha-gamma-subunit.
      Antibodies to C8bp react with the C8 alpha-subunits and with C9, pointing to the
      possibility of a partial homology between these proteins.

PMID- 3366470
TI  - Suppression of IgE responses by antigen inhalation: failure of tolerance
      mechanism(s) in newborn rats.
AB  - The natural response of immunocompetent adult animals to antigen inhalation is
      the development of T-lymphocyte mediated tolerance, particularly in the IgE
      antibody class (Holt & Sedgwick, 1987). It has been suggested that this process
      functions as a protective mechanism to limit sensitization to aeroallergens. In
      the present report, it is shown that the inhalation tolerance process does not
      function during the early postnatal period, and the lack of this protective
      mechanism may contribute to the increased risk of allergic sensitization during
      infancy. These experiments also demonstrate that adoptive transfer of adult
      splenocytes to newborns confers adult capacity for tolerance development, which
      suggests that delayed maturation of certain T-cell subset(s) may underly this
      transfer defect.

PMID- 3366471
TI  - The immune response of guinea-pigs to type II collagen: poor cross-reactivity
      with homologous type II collagen accounts for resistance to collagen-induced
      arthritis.
AB  - In order to determine the susceptibility of guinea-pigs to collagen-induced
      arthritis (CIA), Hartley and Strain 13 guinea-pigs were immunized with
      heterologous or homologous type II collagen. None of the animals developed CIA.
      Because immunity to type II collagen plays a critical role in CIA, we
      characterized the guinea-pig's immune response to determine the basis for this
      resistance. Guinea-pigs develop cellular and humoral reactivity to heterologous
      type II collagen similar to that of CIA-susceptible rats. The reactions
      distinguish type I from type II collagen but not among several heterologous type
      II collagens. The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was specific for
      determinants on the primary amino acid structure of collagen, whether native or
      denatured collagen was used for immunization; however, the humoral response was
      specific for the form of the molecule used for immunization. Guinea-pigs differ
      from CIA-susceptible rats in that immunization with homologous or heterologous
      type II collagen fails to induce significant cross-reactive immunity with the
      homologous antigen. A transient arthritis could be induced in animals immunized
      with heterologous type II collagen by injecting them intra-articularly with
      heterologous but not with homologous type II collagen. Our results show that the
      disparity between immunity to type II collagen and the susceptibility to develop
      CIA in guinea-pigs is due to their poor cross-reactive immune response to
      autologous type II collagen.

PMID- 3366472
TI  - Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor and natural cytotoxic cell lytic activities
      by a spleen cell-elaborated factor.
AB  - Natural cytotoxic (NC) cell lytic activity is mediated by tumour necrosis factor
      (TNF), a protein with potent cytolytic activity on certain target cells. TNF also
      appears to mediate a wide range of other important biological activities (e.g.
      interferon-like anti-viral activity, induction of granulocyte-monocyte colony
      stimulating factor, mediation of endotoxin-induced shock). Evidence is presented
      here that spleen cells from normal, untreated mice produce a factor(s) that
      inhibits both NC and TNF cytolytic activity. The factor(s) has a molecular weight
      greater than 10,000. Since indomethacin inhibits production by spleen cells of
      the NC/TNF inhibitory factor, it is suggested that prostaglandins are involved in
      the regulation of its production. Additionally, these studies indicate that the
      factor(s) does not function by inactivation of either NC effectors or TNF
      molecules, or by inhibition of the binding of NC cells or TNF to targets.
      Instead, the data suggest that the factor(s) acts on the targets rendering them
      refractory to TNF binding. Moreover, since the factor(s) acts slowly and requires
      protein synthesis in the target to function, it appears that the inhibitory
      activity is mediated via de novo-synthesized proteins from the target cells. At
      present, it is not known whether such a factor functions in vivo, although it is
      conceivable that its in vivo role is to modulate the pathological potential of
      TNF by protecting certain cells from NC or TNF lysis.

PMID- 3366473
TI  - Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to PPD: dendritic cells in
      synergy with 5-hydroxytryptamine can substitute for macrophages.
AB  - We describe the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) as an adjuvant in the induction
      of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to purified protein
      derivative (PPD). Based upon our previous studies with antigen-pulsed macrophages
      (M phi), we have shown that both the Day 2 early (2 hr) reaction and the Day 3
      (24 hr) reaction are augmented if 5HT is incorporated into the priming injection.
      Furthermore, we have confirmed that in contrast to M phi, antigen-pulsed
      dendritic cells (DC) fail to prime the early (2 hr) component of DTH. However, DC
      do prime the early response if injected along with 5HT. A peripheral 5HT
      antagonist, ICS 205-930, inhibits both the M phi-mediated and the 5HT/DC-primed
      reactions. These findings support the hypothesis that DTH reactions require a
      cascade of both inflammatory and immunological signals, and that in mice vascular
      permeability mediated via 5HT is important in the early phase of the reaction.

PMID- 3366474
TI  - Genetic control of oral tolerance to ovalbumin in mice.
AB  - We have investigated the genetic basis of oral tolerance to OVA in a number of
      inbred mouse strains. Our results emphasise the efficiency of the oral route for
      inducing tolerance and provide evidence for both MHC and non-MHC linked control
      of oral tolerance.

PMID- 3366475
TI  - Effects of moderate hypertension on cardiac function and metabolism in the
      rabbit.
AB  - To study the early effects of hypertension on the heart, we examined isolated
      hearts from rabbits with slowly developing hypertension of up to 64 weeks in
      duration after unilateral nephrectomy and renal artery stenosis. Normotensive
      animals kept under identical conditions served as controls. Mean arterial blood
      pressure rose from 83 to 155 mm Hg in the hypertensive group of longest duration,
      but the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight was not different between
      the experimental and control groups. Although left ventricular hypertrophy was
      not present, left ventricular peak systolic pressure of perfused hearts was
      significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive hearts. Furthermore,
      while in hypertensive hearts the left ventricular end-diastolic volume was
      increased, the peak systolic pressure did not respond to an increase in left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume. Functional changes were accompanied by
      metabolic changes in the left ventricle. Rates of glucose utilization were
      increased and rates of ketone body utilization were decreased in hypertensive
      hearts. Activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (phosphorylase,
      hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were increased, while
      those of ketone body metabolism (3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-CoA
      synthase) were decreased and those of the citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, 2
      oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) were not different between groups. In summary,
      moderate hypertension for a period of more than 1 year resulted in functional and
      metabolic changes of the left ventricle in hypertensive animals that were already
      manifest at 8 weeks of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366476
TI  - Pressor mechanisms linked obligatorily to spontaneous hypertension in the rat.
AB  - To identify genetic factors linked obligatorily to hypertension in the rat,
      pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared with genetically
      similar (Wistar-Kyoto rats; WKY) and different (Sprague-Dawley) normotensive
      strains. The only variables that distinguished SHR from both WKY and Sprague
      Dawley rats were a greater maximum pressor response to electrical stimulation of
      sympathetic outflow and decreased sensitivity to submaximal doses of the alpha 1
      adrenergic agonist methoxamine (i.e., higher ED50). SHR had in common with
      Sprague-Dawley rats basal blood pressure after pithing plus adrenalectomy and the
      maximum pressor response to methoxamine; both these values were higher than those
      in WKY. All strains demonstrated equal sensitivity of the vasoconstrictor
      response to endogenous norepinephrine released by electrical simulation at
      submaximal frequency, even though sensitivity to the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor
      agonist was lower in SHR. The alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist rauwolscine
      attenuated the pressor response to electrical stimulation in SHR and WKY but
      increased it in Sprague-Dawley rats. The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist
      prazosin attenuated the response more in SHR and WKY than in Sprague-Dawley rats.
      We conclude that 1) sympathetic hyperactivity is linked obligatorily to
      hypertension in SHR; 2) increased basal blood pressure and noradrenergic
      vasoconstrictor response are present in SHR, but they are not obligatorily linked
      to hypertension; 3) feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release is comparable
      in SHR or WKY and poorly developed compared with that in Sprague-Dawley rats; 4)
      decreased sensitivity of the pressor response to stimulation of vascular alpha 1
      adrenergic receptors in SHR compensates partially for increased sympathetic
      activity or hyperinnervation, or both.

PMID- 3366477
TI  - Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in resistance
      arteries from hypertensive rats.
AB  - The endothelium-dependent and presumed endothelium-independent vasodilators
      acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were used to characterize
      relaxation responses of mesenteric resistance arteries from stroke-prone
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Vessels were
      preconstricted using concentrations of norepinephrine or 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      which reduced their diameters by 50 to 60%. Relaxation responses to acetylcholine
      (10(-8) - 10(-7) M) were significantly smaller (p less than 0.05) in vessel
      segments from SHRSP, but the maximal relaxations at higher concentrations were
      the same in both strains. However, SHRSP vessels relaxed to a greater extent than
      did those of the WKY at all concentrations of sodium nitroprusside. Endothelium
      removal significantly enhanced sodium nitroprusside-induced dilations in both rat
      strains, and the dilations were significantly greater in segments from SHRSP in
      the concentration range of 3 X 10(-8) to 10(-6) M. The decreased relaxation to
      acetylcholine in resistance arteries from adult hypertensive rats compared with
      those from the normotensive strain suggests that functional alterations in the
      endothelium may play a role in hypertensive disease.

PMID- 3366478
TI  - Effect of 6-iodoamiloride in various models of experimental hypertension.
AB  - 6-Iodoamiloride, an analogue of the sodium channel blocker amiloride, is a
      vasodilator-depressor, diuretic-natriuretic, and antikaliuretic agent. In these
      experiments we intravenously infused 6-iodamiloride (0.38 mg/100 g body weight)
      over a 10- to 11-minute period into rats with reduced renal mass-saline
      hypertension or one-kidney, one clip hypertension. The infusion produced a prompt
      but transient fall in blood pressure. These findings are in contrast to those in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in which the same infusion of 6
      iodoamiloride produced a prompt, pronounced, and sustained fall in blood
      pressure. Studies from a number of laboratories suggest that vascular smooth
      muscle cells from the SHR have increased permeability to sodium whereas vascular
      smooth muscle cells from the other two models do not. Thus, 6-iodoamiloride may
      have potential both as a diagnostic probe and a therapeutic agent for
      hypertension characterized by increased vascular smooth muscle cell permeability
      to sodium.

PMID- 3366479
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on renal function in patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-six essential hypertensive patients were entered into a protocol to assess
      the blood pressure and renal effects of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist
      nifedipine (30-120 mg/day given in divided doses) administered for 4 weeks.
      Nifedipine monotherapy effectively lowered blood pressure in 73% of the patients.
      Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were increased 13.3
      and 19.6%, respectively. The filtration fraction and urinary albumin excretion
      remained unchanged. Renal vascular resistance was markedly reduced (25.2%).
      Changes observed in renal function were independent of the patients' initial
      glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the
      systemic and renal effects of nifedipine monotherapy. Patients with a poor
      systemic blood pressure response exhibited increases in both glomerular
      filtration rate (+13%) and effective renal plasma flow (+20%), changes comparable
      with increases in glomerular filtration rate (+13%) and effective renal plasma
      flow (+19%) observed in patients achieving a goal blood pressure response
      (diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 90 mm Hg, or a greater than or
      equal to 10 mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, or both). These results
      suggest that nifedipine monotherapy has the potential to improve renal function
      abnormalities encountered in the essential hypertensive state independently of
      its effect on systemic blood pressure.

PMID- 3366480
TI  - Is there a relationship between ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure and left
      ventricular function?
AB  - The relationship between ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure and left
      ventricular ejection fraction was examined in a group of 23 untreated
      hypertensive subjects who underwent concurrent radionuclide ventriculography. All
      patients had a normal ejection fraction at rest (range, 50-80%), and no
      significant correlation was found between blood pressure and resting ejection
      fraction. Sixty-one percent of patients failed to increase their ejection
      fraction by 5% on exercise; the mean daytime systolic pressure (168 +/- 15 mm Hg)
      was lower in this group than in those who had a normal exercise response (188 +/-
      17 mm Hg; p less than 0.005). Thirty percent of patients had left ventricular
      hypertrophy based on electrocardiographic criteria; this group had a higher mean
      blood pressure (189 +/- 20 mm Hg) than the remainder (170 +/- 15 mm Hg; p less
      than 0.05). A closer correlation was demonstrated between blood pressure and
      ejection fraction response to exercise in the group with left ventricular
      hypertrophy (r = 0.8) than in the group without hypertrophy (r = 0.3). These
      results failed to demonstrate a linear relationship between blood pressure and
      ejection fraction. However, a relationship between the height of blood pressure
      and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy was shown, and myocardial
      response to exercise was increased in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.

PMID- 3366481
TI  - Sodium depletion increases platelet and plasma catecholamines in hypertensive
      men.
AB  - The catecholamine content in blood platelets is considerably higher than that in
      plasma, and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since blood
      platelets lack enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. However, it is unknown
      whether platelets take up and store catecholamines during physiological in vivo
      increments in plasma catecholamines. Previously untreated 50-year-old men (n =
      17) with mild to moderate essential hypertension were given a low sodium diet for
      2 weeks. Urinary excretion of sodium decreased from 201 +/- 11 (SE) to 24 +/- 5
      and 19 +/- 4 mmol/24 hr after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. During the first week,
      the blood platelet concentration of norepinephrine increased from 27.2 +/- 2.9 to
      39.6 +/- 4.7 pg/mg (p less than 0.005) and venous plasma norepinephrine increased
      from 3.7 +/- 0.4 to 5.6 +/- 0.5 pg/ml (p less than 0.005), and venous plasma
      dopamine increased from 26 +/- 4 to 41 +/- 5 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). During the
      second week, both plasma and platelet norepinephrine and dopamine remained
      elevated. Platelet epinephrine showed a small increase from baseline to the
      second week (p less than 0.05), but no concomitant increase in plasma epinephrine
      occurred. Thus, sodium depletion increases both platelet and plasma
      catecholamines and blood platelets may take up catecholamines in vivo. Platelet
      catecholamine content may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine
      concentrations during variations caused by sodium depletion.

PMID- 3366482
TI  - Effect of feverfew on phagocytosis and killing of Candida guilliermondii by
      neutrophils.
AB  - The in vitro effect of the herbal remedy feverfew on neutrophil function was
      examined. It was shown that addition of feverfew extract inhibited phagocytosis
      of Candida guilliermondii and its overall killing. However, intracellular killing
      was not affected, suggesting that the apparent defect in total killing merely
      reflected the failure of uptake. The implications for the in vivo effects of
      feverfew are discussed.

PMID- 3366483
TI  - Distinct patterns of granulocyte luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response to
      lectins WGA and RCA-I.
AB  - THe chemiluminescence response was measured in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      (PMNLs) after stimulation with different concentrations of the lectins Triticum
      vulgaris agglutinin (wheat germ agglutinin, WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin
      I (RCA-I). The two lectins achieved distinct patterns of chemiluminescence; RCA-I
      evoked a dose-dependent response (0-15 micrograms/ml) with respect to the initial
      rate of light emission, but the peak value was reached after different lengths of
      time. A maximum response was obtained after about 25 min with a concentration of
      2-4 micrograms/ml. By contrast, WGA caused a bimodal reaction after stimulus
      addition. In this case the first peak occurred after 15-20 min, and the second
      peak after around 60 min with maximum effect for 0.5 and 0.25-0.50 micrograms/ml
      WGA, respectively. The PMNL response is discussed in relation to the regulation
      of the production of oxygen metabolites and in relation to the pathophysiologic
      consequences of lectin-mediated activation of phagocytic cells in intestinal
      epithelium.

PMID- 3366484
TI  - Pus potassium.
AB  - Membrane depolarization is an early event in cell stimulation. Since the resting
      membrane potential is dependent on the potassium composition of the extracellular
      medium, we investigated whether there are clinical situations in which potassium
      levels are high enough to depolarize polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We determined
      the ionic composition of sterile and infected interstitial fluid in humans and
      guinea pigs. All sterile extravascular fluids had physiological potassium levels
      in the same range as serum values. In contrast, human abscess fluids contained
      increased K+-levels (17 +/- 6.4 mmol/liter, N = 8) and 15 of 20 experimental
      abscesses in guinea pigs contained greater than 10 mmol/liter K+. In humans three
      of eight abscess fluid K+ levels and in guinea pigs three of five abscess fluid
      K+ levels were even greater than 15 mmol/liter. Thus, high K+ levels, previously
      shown to activate polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are observed in certain clinical
      situations associated with local inflammation.

PMID- 3366485
TI  - Comparative study of phagocytosis and intracellular bactericidal activity of
      human monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. Application of fluorochrome and
      extracellular quenching technique.
AB  - Simultaneous assessment of the total number of bacteria (TNB) ingested,
      phagocytosis (Ph), phagocytic index (PI), and intracellular bactericidal activity
      (ICBA) of human monocytes was done by applying the fluorochrome acridine orange
      technique. Living bacteria stained orthochromatically green, whereas the dead
      ones were metachromatically red. The stain of extracellular bacteria was
      completely quenched by crystal violet counterstain. Using the Hypaque-Ficoll
      separation method combined with glass adherence, the yield of monocytes was 84 +/
      11%, the purity 90 +/- 8%, and the viability 99 +/- 1%. After 60 min of
      incubation of monocytes with Staphylococcus aureus, phagocytosis was 94 +/- 4%,
      PI 10.0 +/- 0.5, ICBA 76 +/- 5%, and TNB ingested 946 +/- 67/100 cells. E. coli
      B4 was equally ingested by PMNs and monocytes and killed intracellularly more
      efficiently by the latter type of cells. Over the ratios of bacteria to cells of
      5:1 to 20:1, phagocytic activity of monocytes was equal or superior to that of
      PMNs. Phagocytic and bactericidal activities were enhanced by AB serum, more by
      the fresh one than by inactivated. Phagocytic activity of monocytes was markedly
      influenced by temperature of incubation. Room temperature (24 degrees C)
      significantly suppressed phagocytosis. Contrary to the previous beliefs no
      significant quantitative differences were found between phagocytic and
      bactericidal functions of monocytes as compared to polymorphonuclear phagocytes.
      The acridine orange-crystal violet method is simple, reliable, reproducible, and
      can be used for assessment of functional capacity of human phagocytes.

PMID- 3366487
TI  - A unifying concept of the aetiology of breast cancer.
AB  - A number of risk factors for breast cancer are considered jointly in one
      pathogenetic framework which relates to the formation of pre-cancerous lesions.
      Energy-rich diet during puberty and adolescence enhances the occurrence of pre
      cancerous lesions in the breast. This process is counteracted by full-term
      pregnancies, and the earlier they come the fewer the number of such lesions.
      Energy-rich diet later in life contributes to the occurrence of obesity which,
      after menopause, enhances the growth of existing subclinical and clinical breast
      cancer. In both periods of life the nutritional factor exerts its effect through
      endocrine mechanisms in which oestrogens play a major part.

PMID- 3366486
TI  - Frequency of gallbladder cancer in Chile, a high-risk area.
AB  - We report an autopsy study of gallbladder cancer prevalence in Chile, where the
      risk of this disease is among the highest reported world-wide. In 14,768 autopsy
      protocols obtained from 3 university hospitals, 45% of women and 20% of men older
      than 20 years had gallstone disease (the major known risk factor for gallbladder
      cancer). The prevalence of gallbladder cancer in Chileans was compared to that
      found in a Swedish-Czechoslovakian autopsy study previously published. These
      countries were chosen because of their high frequency of gallstone disease. The
      comparison was performed by using logistic regression models adjusting for
      possible differences in the age-sex structure or the true incidence of gallstones
      in both populations. We found that the most important single risk factor for
      gallbladder cancer in Chile was gallstone disease, with an estimated effect on
      the logistic scale meaning that the cancer risk for subjects with gallstones is
      seven times higher than for those without the disease. Second in importance was
      the risk for sex, women being 2.8 times higher than for men. The estimated
      difference in the sex composition and the incidence of gallstones resulted in
      17.9% higher odds of cancer in Chile than in Sweden and Czechoslovakia. However,
      this difference was not significant. This study suggests that the major etiologic
      factors of gallbladder cancer in Chileans, Swedes and Czechoslovakians are
      primarily related to gallstone disease.

PMID- 3366488
TI  - Cancer mortality in Illinois Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, 1979-1984.
AB  - The site-specific cancer mortality in Illinois immigrant Hispanics for 1979-1984
      was compared to that of US-born, non-Hispanic whites (Anglos). Using indirect
      methods of standardization, 22 site-specific cancer SMRs (Standard Mortality
      Ratios) were calculated for Mexican and Puerto Rican immigrants, using standard
      rates for Illinois Anglos. SMRs were also calculated for Puerto Rican immigrants
      using 1979-1982 mortality rates from Puerto Rico. Cancer mortality for all sites
      was lower in both immigrant groups than in Anglos. Colon cancer mortality risk
      was lower in immigrants, but had increased from home country rates in Puerto
      Rican male immigrants. In addition, immigrants retained their lower home country
      risks for cancer of the lung, prostate and female breast. Significantly higher
      risks were found in immigrant females only, for cancer of the stomach, cervix and
      gall-bladder (Mexican females). The cancer rates for immigrant Puerto Rican males
      were closer to those of Anglos than the rates for females and Mexicans,
      suggesting differences in the rates of transition to the Anglo cancer experience.

PMID- 3366489
TI  - Epidemiologic evidence of an association between body iron stores and risk of
      cancer.
AB  - Biologic evidence suggests that high body iron stores could promote development
      of cancer. Because a previous study had shown an association between prescribed
      iron medication and lung cancer risk in men, we examined recent iron use as well
      as 2 additional indirect measures of body iron stores, anemia and the total iron
      binding capacity (TIBC) of plasma, in relation to subsequent risk of cancer in a
      larger cohort of 174,507 persons. Women, but not men, who reported recent iron
      use had a lower risk of lung cancer than those who did not [RR = 0.60, 95%
      confidence limits (CL) 0.37, 0.97] after adjustment for age and cigarette
      smoking. Women who had used iron appeared to remain relatively iron-depleted.
      Risk for other cancers was slightly, but not significantly, lower in women who
      used iron. Anemia (hemoglobin less than 12 g) was also associated with lower risk
      of lung cancer in women (RR = 0.61, 95% CL 0.61, 0.98), but not in men. TIBC,
      which is inversely related to body iron stores, was inversely related to risk of
      lung cancer in women in a graded fashion (RR = 0.41, 95% CL 0.23, 0.73 comparing
      highest with lowest quartile). In men, a protective effect of higher TIBC against
      lung cancer was suggested, but did not reach statistical significance. These
      indirect measures of body iron stores appeared to reflect iron stores better in
      women than in men, probably because variability in iron stores is greater in
      women and iron deficiency more prevalent. A possible alternative explanation for
      our findings is incomplete adjustment for the confounding effects of cigarette
      smoking. This could apply to iron use and hemoglobin level which were related to
      smoking, but not to TIBC, which was not. These data, which indicate lower risk of
      cancer in iron-depleted women, lend epidemiologic support to the hypothesis that
      high iron stores may increase cancer risk, at least for lung cancer.

PMID- 3366490
TI  - Quantitative determination of water-soluble scavengers in neoplastic and non
      neoplastic human breast tissue.
AB  - The water-soluble scavengers ascorbic acid (Asc), cysteine (Cys), glutathione
      (GSH) and uric acid (UA) as well as DNA content were determined in 40 breast
      tissue samples (neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues from 20 patients). To allow
      proper homogenization to take place, a fixed number of sections was cut from a
      tissue cylinder of known diameter. Adjacent sections were stained with
      hematoxylin-eosin and the fractions of epithelium, fat and connective tissue were
      estimated as a percentage of the section area. Protein-free extracts were
      injected into a reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography system and
      scavengers quantified with 2 electrochemical detectors (gold and glassy carbon).
      DNA and all scavengers, except UA, were greatly increased in cancer tissues in
      nearly all cases. Amounts of Asc and GSH in neoplastic tissue correlated closely
      with DNA values and percentage of epithelium, those of Cys not so closely and
      those of UA not at all. We assume that Asc and GSH were located mainly in the
      epithelium, UA mainly in the extracellular space and Cys in both spaces. When
      values were expressed as mumol/g DNA, a parameter related to content per cell,
      values were higher in neoplastic than in non-neoplastic tissue for Asc (18/20
      cases), GSH (17/20) and Cys (14/20) and lower in neoplastic tissue for UA
      (19/20). It is known that increased GSH protects cells against certain drugs in
      tissue cultures. For in vivo treatment the presence of increased Asc (and to a
      lesser extent Cys) in addition to GSH could be of importance.

PMID- 3366491
TI  - Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer.
AB  - In a population-based case-control study conducted in Adelaide, South Australia,
      and involving 451 case-control pairs aged 20-74 years, the risk of breast cancer
      for women consuming more than 9.3 g of alcohol per day was 50% higher than for
      non-drinkers (unadjusted RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.00-2.13). The increase in risk
      persisted upon control for potential confounding variables including dietary or
      diet-related factors, and was not restricted to any particular type of beverage.
      Lower levels of alcohol consumption were not associated with substantial
      alterations in risk of breast cancer. When examined within menopausal strata, the
      effect of alcohol was more pronounced in pre-menopausal women, although none of
      the estimates of effect within menopausal strata were statistically significant.
      Although positive associations between alcohol consumption and risk of breast
      cancer have been observed in previous studies, support for a causal association
      is, at most, qualified. However, given the widespread nature of this exposure, at
      least in developed countries, further and more detailed investigations of this
      association are required.

PMID- 3366492
TI  - Transplantation of human breast epithelia to mammary-gland-free fat-pads of
      athymic nude mice: influence of mammotrophic hormones on growth of breast
      epithelia.
AB  - Normal human breast tissue was enzymatically dissociated and the cells were
      injected into the gland-free fat-pads of athymic nude mice. Within 30 days,
      small, spherical, duct-like epithelial elements (organoids) formed in 68% of the
      fat-pads inoculated (0-23 organoids/fat-pad). Short-term (30-day) treatment of
      the host mice with mammotrophic hormones [secretions from a chorionic, soamto
      mammotrophin-secreting transplantable human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3), secretions
      from a prolactin- and growth-hormone-secreting transplantable rat pituitary tumor
      (GH3), estrogen and/or progesterone] and/or cAMP inducers (cholera toxin)
      significantly (p less than 0.05) increased the size of the human breast organoids
      but did not increase organoid number or induce extensive and expansive growth
      (extensive duct elongation and branching) of these structures. Such treatments
      induced intense proliferation of the host mouse mammae resembling that which
      occurs during late pregnancy. The results of this study, therefore, provide
      evidence that normal human breast epithelium can be readily accepted by and
      maintained in the gland-free fat-pad of the athymic nude mouse, and the
      epithelium, within 30 days, forms spherical duct-like structures (organoids). The
      human breast organoids are hormone-responsive, as they respond to a mammotrophic
      growth stimulus by an increase in size. The failure of the human breast organoids
      to grow expansively in the gland-free fat-pad of this immunologically deficient
      mouse does not appear to be due to the absence of an appropriate hormonal growth
      stimulus.

PMID- 3366494
TI  - Enzymatic elimination of O6-ethylguanine from the DNA of ethylnitrosourea-exposed
      normal and malignant rat brain cells grown under cell culture versus in vivo
      conditions.
AB  - The developing rat brain exhibits a pronounced susceptibility to the tumorigenic
      effect of ethylnitrosourea (EtNU) and an extremely low repair activity for the
      DNA alkylation product O6-ethylguanine (O6-EtGuar-). We have recently found that
      a collection of malignant neural cell lines originating from prenatal BDIX-rat
      brain cells were all highly O6-EtGua repair-proficient (O6-EtGuar+). Subcloned
      lines showed considerable variability of the repair capacity, suggesting
      instability of the O6-EtGua repair phenotype. Using one of the subcloned lines
      (BT3Caf) as a model, we show here that BT3Caf cells grown in monolayer culture
      repair O6-EtGua much more rapidly than those grown in the form of s.c. tumors in
      BDIX-rats (whereas O4-ethylthymine is not repaired under either condition).
      Furthermore, normal prenatal BDIX-rat brain cells (O6-EtGuar- in vivo) gradually
      acquire an O6-EtGuar+ phenotype upon transfer to long-term monolayer culture. The
      cellular capacity for enzymatic DNA repair is of particular relevance in relation
      to both the malignant transformation of normal cells and the therapeutic
      inactivation of cancer cells by DNA-reactive drugs. Further analyses are thus
      required of the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of DNA repair
      enzymes as a function of cell differentiation, in terms of the cellular response
      to altered microenvironmental conditions, and in search for possibilities to
      reduce the repair capacity of cancer cells.

PMID- 3366493
TI  - Uptake of glutamine antimetabolites 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and acivicin
      in sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines.
AB  - The uptake system for 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) was studied in mouse P388
      leukemia cells. The DON transport system was found to resemble that of another
      glutamine antimetabolite, Acivicin, in its strong temperature dependence,
      utilization of the "L" transport system, inhibition by glutamine but not by
      glutamate, potent inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate, Na+, and only
      minimal inhibition by various energy poisons. A Km of approximately 70 microM and
      a Vmax of 3.4 nmoles/10(6) cells/min was calculated for this cell line. The
      accumulated DON was not metabolized by P388 cells and moderate efflux occurred at
      37 degrees C. The DON transport characteristics of a DON-resistant P388 cell line
      (100 times ID50 of parent line) were similar to those of the DON-sensitive parent
      line, indicating that altered drug transport may not be involved in development
      of resistance to this antimetabolite. The finding that an Acivicin-resistant
      subline of P388 cells which exhibited good transport of DON showed negligible
      transport of Acivicin suggests different modes of resistance towards the two
      glutamine antimetabolites.

PMID- 3366495
TI  - Quantitation and localization of cellular retinol-binding protein in squamous
      cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and of the oral cavity.
AB  - The concentration of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) was determined by
      radioimmunoassay in biopsies of normal mucosa and squamous-cell carcinomas of
      cervix uteri from 30 women. The tumour tissues contained significantly higher
      concentrations of CRBP (median = 120 micrograms/g protein) than normal mucosa
      (median = 32 micrograms/g protein). The distribution of CRBP in normal mucosa and
      squamous-cell carcinomas from cervix uteri and from oral cavity was evaluated by
      immunohistochemical techniques. In tissue sections of normal epithelium from the
      cervix uteri and the oral cavity, the maturing keratinocytes in the prickle-cell
      layers were moderately or strongly stained when antiserum against CRBP was used,
      while the proliferating cells in the basal-cell layer were stained only lightly
      if at all. Squamous-cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and the oral cavity
      presented much the same picture. The observed difference in CRBP concentration
      between squamous-cell carcinomas and normal squamous-cell mucosa may therefore be
      more quantitative than qualitative.

PMID- 3366496
TI  - Drug addiction and parental rearing style: a controlled study.
AB  - The parental rearing practices of 43 multiple drug addicts and 111 control
      subjects were compared using the EMBU, a psychometrically reliable instrument to
      assess parental attitudes and rearing behavior. Significant differences between
      addicts and controls were found on three dimensions: Rejection, Lack of Emotional
      Warmth, and Overprotection. The results were most striking for paternal rejection
      and lack of paternal emotional warmth.

PMID- 3366497
TI  - Pentazocine-naloxone experimenters among abusers of pentazocine and
      tripelennamine from a VA treatment population.
AB  - Psychiatric diagnostic profiles, drug and personal histories, and social support
      measures were obtained for a clinic sample of abusers of pentazocine when the
      drug was withdrawn and re-released by the manufacturer compounded with the opiate
      antagonist naloxone. Nearly 50% of the sample (N = 99) reported using the new
      drug during the following 6 to 9 months, despite its reduced abuse potential.
      Reinterviews revealed that claimed use of pentazocine dropped to half.

PMID- 3366498
TI  - Buccal absorption of drugs: an in vivo measurement of their innate lipophilicity.
AB  - The area under the curve of the buccal absorption of drugs against pH (AUC) is
      significantly correlated with their pH-dependent renal excretion, and protein
      binding. Therefore, AUC may be considered as an in vivo model for the
      quantitative measurement of innate lipophilicity and passage of drugs across
      lipid membranes.

PMID- 3366499
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of benperidol in volunteers after oral administration.
AB  - Benperidol in a 4 mg single dose was administered orally to five healthy male
      volunteers. The drug was rapidly absorbed (tmax = 2.27 +/- 0.57 h) and largely
      distributed, the volume of distribution being 5.19 +/- 1.99 l.kg-1. Elimination
      half-life was 7.65 +/- 2.14 h. Urinary excretion represented only a minimal
      fraction of ingested dose (0.1 +/- 0.007%). Variability of the area under the
      curve makes a first-pass metabolism a reasonable possibility. Acute dystonias
      appeared in two subjects.

PMID- 3366500
TI  - Antiandrogenic medication of cluster headache.
AB  - The effectiveness of cyproterone acetate, a synthetic steroid with antiandrogenic
      action, was tested in 40 (young, adult) males, suffering from episodic (29) and
      chronic (11) cluster headache. Previously a minority (15) cases had been
      unsuccessfully treated with lithium, the conventional therapy of this condition.
      The rationale for an antiandrogenic treatment in cluster headache was based on
      its well-known clinical characteristics: 1) about 90% male sex preference; 2)
      rarity of clinical manifestations in childhood and in old age as well as women,
      e.g. in subjects with low androgenic secretion if compared to young adult males;
      3) altered levels (increased or reduced, according to different authors) of
      plasma testosterone. The parameters to evaluate the effects of treatment were
      those conventional ones: intensity, duration and frequency of attacks.
      Antiandrogenic treatment improved, with few exceptions, by a slight, moderate or
      large extent, the course of cluster headache in all patients. The efficaciousness
      was mainly evident in those cases (15) of episodic or chronic cluster headache,
      previously resistant to lithium.

PMID- 3366501
TI  - Theophylline serum levels unmodified by postprandial administration of a
      sustained-release preparation (Teonova).
AB  - The authors studied serum theophylline levels after administration of new single
      dose capsules: Teonova. Special attention was paid to possible fluctuations of
      serum theophylline after administration of the drug following a standardized
      meal. For this purpose a test was carried out on eight male patients with
      intrinsic asthma. The patients were given a dose able to produce a serum
      concentration of theophylline of between 10 mcg and 20 mcg at the tenth hour
      after the administration. This dose was found to be 400 mg (2 tablets of 200 mg)
      for one patient and 600 mg (2 tablets of 300 mg) for the remaining seven. The
      capsules of Teonova were administered to each patient for two subsequent days at
      07h00. On the first day the patients had their capsules after fasting, and on the
      second day after a standardized meal. The test proved that Teonova assured a
      satisfactory serum theophylline level throughout the 24 hours in all patients;
      food in no way affected the absorption kinetics of the drug. Such features make
      Teonova suitable for long-term theophylline therapy.

PMID- 3366502
TI  - Non-interference of xibornol on the theophylline blood levels.
AB  - The authors have proposed the evaluation of the possible pharmacokinetic
      interactions between xibornol and theophylline. This study has been carried out
      on eight healthy volunteers of both sexes between 19 and 27 years of age. On the
      first day each subject was treated with 600 mg oral sustained-release formulation
      of aminophylline at 08h00 and at 20h00. From the 2nd day an oral administration
      of 500 mg of xibornol every 8 h was added to the treatment of aminophylline. On
      the 1st, 2nd and 5th day blood samples were taken after 30, 90, 180 and 300 min
      following drug administration. After serum separation an analysis was performed
      on them. The results have shown that theophylline levels at the programmed times
      during the three days tested are just overlapping. In conclusion the
      administration of xibornol does not introduce any interference with theophylline
      clearance or lengthening of its plasma half-life.

PMID- 3366503
TI  - Assessment of the effects of a topical product containing glycosaminoglycans in
      cutaneous hydration.
AB  - The hydrating power of a topically applied mixture of glycosaminoglycans has been
      evaluated by means of an electrical impedance method. The electrical parameters
      investigated, namely angle alpha and R infinity, are related to the permeability
      and the hydration of deeper tissues. The study revealed lowering of alpha levels
      after the application of the product, thus signifying an accumulation of
      electrical charges in the epidermis consistent with the penetration of
      glycosaminoglycans. After 15 days of treatment, significant reduction of R
      infinity levels was recorded. The relationship between R infinity levels, dermal
      water content and glycosaminoglycans is discussed.

PMID- 3366506
TI  - Effect of sex hormones on NK and ADCC activity of mice.
AB  - The effect of pharmacologic doses of sex hormones on NK and ADCC activity against
      YAC-1 lymphoma and CRBC target cells was studied. Estradiol (E) and testosterone
      (T) administration for 2 weeks caused a substantial reduction of splenic NK
      activity in TA3 mice of either sex. In prolonging the treatment time, the
      intensity of suppression was gradually increased. Both E and T have apparently no
      inhibitory effect on ADCC activity of TA3 mice, although the ADCC activity
      slightly increased in the early stage of T treatment. The ADCC activity of T
      treated male mice was slightly higher than that of E-treated males. Passive
      transfer of the splenic mononuclear cells and serum of treated mice does not
      affect the NK and ADCC activity of normal recipient mice. Addition of different
      concentrations of sex hormones into the culture medium or pre-treatment of
      effector cells for 12h failed to change the NK and ADCC activity of murine
      splenic cells.

PMID- 3366505
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoid and antiglucocorticoid hormones on leukocyte numbers
      and function.
AB  - Hormones were administered to mice in seven daily intraperitoneal injections of
      saline suspensions. Progesterone and cortexolone, which often fail to act as
      antiglucocorticoids in vivo, were found to have antiglucocorticoid effects on the
      immune system under these conditions. The effects seen were increases in numbers
      of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and total leukocytes in the blood,
      increases in the number of peritoneal exudate cells and splenic plaque-forming
      cells, and increased splenocyte responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin.
      Deoxycorticosterone, sometimes also considered to be an antiglucocorticoid, acted
      only as a glucocorticoid here. Both deoxycorticosterone and the glucocorticoid
      corticosterone had effects opposite to those produced by progesterone and
      cortexolone on these parameters.

PMID- 3366504
TI  - Lack of effect of cicletanine on plasma digoxin levels.
AB  - Six patients stabilized on long-term once daily oral digoxin were entered into a
      study to monitor the effect of adding a single dose of oral cicletanine (50 or
      100 mg) on plasma digoxin levels. The study was performed over 2 days, a control
      day and a second involving the addition of the test drug to the patient's
      medication. No significant change in plasma digoxin concentration was found and
      the combined treatment was well tolerated in terms of clinical and laboratory
      parameters.

PMID- 3366507
TI  - A myelopeptide from unstimulated bone marrow cells with immunomodulatory activity
      in lymphocyte cultures from healthy donors and patients with
      hypogammaglobulinemia and active lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A myelopeptide (SAP) was derived from culture supernatants of unstimulated animal
      bone marrow. SAP consists of a group of peptides with a molecular weight of about
      2000 D, having a broad variety of biological activities. Testing immunoregulatory
      properties of the purified factor Petrov, Mickhailova & Zacharova [(1971).
      Immunoglobin synthesis in syngenic cells of different lymphoid tissues. J.
      Immun., 106 1086-1089] found enhanced antibody production in mice (SAP-stimulator
      of antibody production). We show here that the substance could induce expression
      of activation markers on human lymphocytes (4F2, HLA-class II antigens,
      thermostable SE rosette formation) and potentiate their appearance in combination
      with mitogens (PWM, PHA, Con A). Although SAP was not mitogenic for itself, it
      enhanced lectin-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation and T-cell-dependent B-cell
      differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. The factor was able to reconstitute
      disturbed PWM-driven Ig synthesis in lymphocyte cultures derived from two
      patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and a healthy non-responder to PWM. On the
      other side, SAP potentiated the inhibitory activity of PWM on elevated
      spontaneous IgG secretion in cultures derived from patients with active SLE.
      Findings of this study indicate immunomodulatory capacity of SAP on human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes possible via T-cell activation. The results suggest
      a potential therapeutic application of SAP in patients with disturbances in the T
      dependent B-cell differentiation.

PMID- 3366508
TI  - N-acetylcysteine inhibits human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and oxidative
      metabolism.
AB  - The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on human neutrophil and monocyte cell
      viability, chemotaxis, oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence was studied. It
      was found that NAC at concentrations higher than 3 X 10(-2) M resulted in
      neutrophil and monocyte cytotoxicity. The studies on the effect of NAC on
      neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis showed that NAC inhibited chemotaxis of both
      cell types in a concentration dependent manner. NAC at 3 X 10(-2) M inhibited
      chemotaxis of both cell types by about 50% and at 10(-1) M inhibited PMN
      chemotaxis by 95% and MNL chemotaxis by 85%. The studies on the effect of NAC on
      neutrophil chemiluminescence demonstrated that NAC at concentrations of 1.5 X 10(
      2) M, or higher, inhibited the response of the activated cells totally. When pH
      adjusted NAC or Mucomyst was used the inhibition was observed with higher
      concentrations of the drug (1.5 X 10(-1) M). NAC exhibited a similar pattern of
      inhibition on monocyte chemiluminescence response. These findings demonstrate
      that NAC, at concentrations obtainable in vivo by inhalation, impairs the
      chemotaxis and generation of oxygen radicals by human phagocytic cells. This
      property of NAC could have important implications concerning the prevention of
      tissue damage caused by these cells in inflammatory areas.

PMID- 3366509
TI  - Lymphocyte-induced stimulation of the contractile response of the heart.
AB  - In previous reports we have shown that phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated human
      lymphocytes had positive inotropic effects on spontaneously beating isolated rat
      atria. In this study, we demonstrated that the stimulatory effect on heart
      contractility induced by lymphocytes was linked to early events of lymphocyte
      activation by lectins. Active soluble factors were gradually released to the
      fluid phase. Similar results were obtained with both mitogenic (PHA) and
      nonmitogenic (WGA) lectins indicating that the stimulatory action of activated
      lymphocytes did not require cell division. Absence of Ca2+ inhibited both the
      generation of the stimulatory activity and lymphocyte proliferation. In contrast,
      verapamil, dexamethasone and low concentrations of cycloheximide eliminated only
      the appearance of the stimulatory effect.

PMID- 3366510
TI  - Stimulation of natural host defence mechanisms in rodents by nesosteine.
AB  - The effect of Nesosteine, a novel mucolytic agent, on natural host resistance
      mechanisms was investigated in different organs of mice and rats. Single or
      repeated administrations of nesosteine by the i.v. or oral route (per os) were
      associated with significant increases in lung and spleen NK-mediated
      cytotoxicity, and in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages direct cytotoxicity. In
      both species the dose-response curve was bell-shaped, and optimal activity on
      both parameters seen at 1 mg/kg i.v. x 1, 100 mg/kg per os x 1 or 20 mg/kg per os
      x 5. Increases of at least 100% in lung NK and alveolar macrophages cytotoxicity
      were found in mice 48 h after single oral dosing at 100 mg/kg. The possible
      importance of Nesosteine immunostimulatory capacity in the activity of this
      compound in chronic hypersecretive bronchopulmonary disorders is discussed.

PMID- 3366511
TI  - The stimulatory effect of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on the proliferation processes
      in parenchymal organs of rats.
AB  - The administration of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in a single dose of 2 mg/kg
      increased markedly the utilization of 3H-thymidine for the synthesis of DNA
      thymine in liver, kidney and thymus, while no effect has been observed in spleen.
      Higher doses of MDP (5 mg and 10 mg) did not further increase the effect, but, on
      the contrary, in some tissues such as thymus, the effect was abolished. The
      repeated administration of 1 mg/kg of MDP for 7 days, contrary to single
      administration, had no effects. The measurement of proliferation activity in the
      experiment where DNA in the organs has been previously labeled with 3H-thymidine,
      has shown that the repeated administration of MDP (1 mg/kg) led to a more rapid
      decay in specific activity of DNA thymine in liver, kidney and thymus, but no
      effect was seen in spleen. The activities of thymidine kinase in the cytosole
      fraction of thymus and spleen after a single administration of MDP (1 mg/kg), are
      influenced in different ways. While in thymus the enzyme activity increased
      between 16 and 24 h, not being markedly changed in the early intervals, in spleen
      a significant decrease in phosphorylation of 14C-thymidine can be observed as
      early as 2 h after administration, and the decrease persists up to 48 h.

PMID- 3366512
TI  - Neutrophil involvement in effects of diethylstilbestrol and strontium 89 on
      macrophage activation by Propionibacterium acnes.
AB  - We have recently demonstrated that diethylstilbestrol (DES) significantly
      suppresses macrophage (M phi) activation by Propionibacterium acnes. Because the
      initial activation of M phi by P. acnes appears to involve the close interaction
      of the killed bacteria with inflammatory neutrophils (PMN) and resident M phi in
      the peritoneal cavity, we investigated whether the DES inhibition of M phi
      activation was associated with inhibition of the PMN response. Our data
      demonstrate that treatment of mice with DES did not interfere with the acute
      inflammatory peritoneal PMN influx 5 h after P. acnes injection. DES treatment
      also did not affect development of the early (day 4) tumor cytotoxic activity of
      P. acnes activated M phi; this M phi activity has been shown to be mediated by
      the acute PMN influx. DES treatment, however, did reduce M phi activation as
      evidenced by alterations in other markers typically associated with M phi
      activation by P. acnes, including the characteristic reductions in alkaline
      phosphodiesterase (APD) ectoenzyme activity and the total RNA synthesis, as well
      as the characteristic persistence of the peritoneal PMN response seen on days 4
      and 7 after P. acnes injection. In addition, M phi activity 7 days after P. acnes
      injection was inhibited in DES treated mice, as evidenced by reduced antitumor
      activity, and alteration of the markers mentioned above. As a second approach to
      elucidate the involvement of the acute and persistent PMN response in the M phi
      activation process, we depleted mice of circulating PMN by treatment of mice with
      89Sr before administration of P. acnes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366513
TI  - Inhibition of natural killer cytotoxicity by extracellular ppp(A2'p5')nA
      oligonucleotides.
AB  - The effect of purified 2'-5' linked polyadenylated oligomers on the human natural
      killer (NK) activity has been investigated. Permeabilization of NK cells to
      ppp(A2'p5')2A did not enhance their NK activity at any concentration tested.
      Furthermore, concentrations higher than 0.1 mM inhibited their NK activity.
      Similar results were obtained by pre-incubating non-permeabilized intact cells,
      indicating an extracellular effect of these compounds on cell membranes, which
      was further investigated. This inhibition by the oligomers was greater (50%
      inhibition was obtained with 50 micron), when they were added directly to the NK
      assay, than when the NK cells were pre-incubated. Similar inhibitory effects were
      observed with ppp(A2'p5')A and ppp(A2'p5')3A oligomers but not with the
      dephosphorylated "core" molecules or other nucleotides. The inhibition was
      completely or partially reversed by phorbol esters and by interferon (IFN),
      respectively. The inhibition was temperature and extracellular Ca2+ dependent.
      The oligomers did not inhibit the binding of the effector cells to the target
      cells. The programming for lysis was the step of the lytic mechanism affected,
      possibly due to the alteration of the Ca2+ influx into the NK cells observed in
      presence of the ppp(A2'p5')nA.

PMID- 3366514
TI  - Deleterious effects of anabolic steroids on serum lipoproteins, blood pressure,
      and liver function in amateur body builders.
AB  - The effects of self-administered anabolic steroids (AS) on lipoproteins, liver
      function, and blood pressure were studied in male amateur body builders. Twenty
      body builders were studied at the end of a course of AS (group 1) and 42 body
      builders were studied after discontinuation of the AS for a mean of 5 months
      (group 2). Sixteen body builders were studied after discontinuation of AS for at
      least 2 months and at the end of a 9-week course of AS (group 3). A group of 13
      body builders who never used AS served as a control group. Both groups 1 and 2
      showed higher levels of transaminas and a higher systolic blood pressure than the
      controls (P less than 0.05). Group 3 showed an increase of the transaminases an a
      slight but significant increase of systolic blood pressure (+3 mm Hg) and heart
      rate (+7 bts/min) after one course of AS (P less than 0.05). Group 1 showed a
      considerably lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (P less than
      0.001), a higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (P less than 0.05),
      and a lower apoprotein A-l/B ratio (Apo A-l/ApoB) (P less than 0.001) than the
      controls and group 2. The ratio of LDLC/HDLC in group 1 was fourfold higher than
      in the controls (P less than 0.01). In group 3 HDLC decreased from 1.18 +/- 0.05
      to 0.60 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and LDLC increased from 3.97 +/- 0.39
      to 5.74 +/- 0.71 mmol/l (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366515
TI  - A comparison of the effects of measured, predicted, estimated and constant
      residual volumes on the body density of female athletes.
AB  - The body density (BD), and hence the relative body fat (% BF) was measured for
      182 female athletes. The residual volume (RV) was determined both before and
      after the underwater weighing by a multiple breath helium dilution technique with
      the subject immersed to neck level. The absolute mean difference (lXdl) and SEE
      between the two RV trials were 63 and 75 ml, respectively. These increased to
      values ranging 144-685 and 187-252 ml, respectively, when the mean of the two RV
      trials for each subject was compared with the RVs predicted via regression
      equations, estimated from the vital capacity (VC) and assumed to be a constant of
      1000 ml. A similar trend resulted from variation of only the RV in the BD formula
      for each subject. The two RV trials resulted in an lXdl and SEE of .00121 (.5%
      BF) and .00141 g.cm-3 (.6% BF), respectively, but these increased to values
      ranging .00283 (1.3% BF) -.01291 (5.7% BF) and .00362 (1.6% BF) -.00527 g.cm-3
      (2.5% BF), respectively, for predicted, estimated and assumed constant RVs. In
      all cases, the lowest lXdl and SEE were associated with the RVs predicted by a
      multiple regression equation (R = .725; SEE = 187 ml) which was generated on our
      sample while the largest lXdl values were registered by the other regression
      equations. These data emphasize that the use of predicted, estimated and constant
      RVs result in substantial errors in BD and % BF compared with those when the RV
      is measured.

PMID- 3366516
TI  - Survey of menstrual function in young Nigerian athletes.
AB  - Menstrual function was assessed comparatively in different categories of 155
      Nigerian athletes, aged 13-19 years, and 135 nonathletes, aged 12-18 years, who
      answered questionnaires and were interviewed. Menstruation was more regular and
      normal in the nonathletes (44%) than the athletes (21%). Although both groups
      generally had similar patterns of menstrual dysfunction, secondary amenorrhea or
      oligomenorrhea (O/A) was more prevalent in the athletes (25%) than the
      nonathletes (10%). Among the athletes, only the distance runners were
      significantly lighter and leaner than nonathletes and athletes of other sports (P
      less than 0.05). Regardless of sports activity, oligomenorrheic subjects had
      substantially lower body weight relative to stature and were leaner than subjects
      of the other menstrual categories. In the oligomenorrheic group, a greater
      proportion of the athletes (59%) and nonathletes (57%) had lean body mass values
      below the 41st percentile. The premenarche-trained athletes (48%) reported a
      higher incidence of menstrual cycle irregularities than the athletes who began
      training after the menarche. Results support the role of body composition-related
      factors in the etiology of exercise-associated O/A.

PMID- 3366517
TI  - Type A personality components and the blood pressure response to dynamic
      exercise.
AB  - One hundred and eleven healthy male subjects underwent cycle ergometry testing
      and completed a Jenkins type A personality survey. The subjects were divided into
      three equal groups with respect to their distribution on the Jenkins scales. The
      groups were compared for heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), the
      ratio of SBP/HR, and VO2 max/kg during rest and at exercise. Repeated measures
      MANOVA indicated that high scoring type A had lower HR values during exercise
      with no differences in SBP. However, the SBP/HR ratio was higher in the high type
      A group. The same was true for the component of hard-driving and competitiveness.
      Those scoring highest in this component also had higher VO2 max/kg body weight.
      From the description it could be conjectured that those with higher scores on
      type A components push themselves harder and thus achieve improvement in fitness.
      No clear explanation exists for the relative differences in SBP response.

PMID- 3366518
TI  - A noninvasive method of determining the anaerobic threshold in children.
AB  - In 72 11-year-old male and female children the anaerobic threshold (AT) was
      determined on a treadmill with the invasive method of the lactate test. After a
      break of 45 min an alternative method for determining AT on a bicycle ergometer
      was used. A loading method with an increment of 10 W/min was chosen. At AT a
      characteristic deflection from linearity in the heart rate could be recorded. The
      comparison between the heart rate at the point of deflection and the heart rate
      at AT determined invasively shows an outstandingly high correlation (r = 0.98; P
      less than 0.0001). Consequently, the authors came to the conclusion that it is
      possible to use the deflection from linearity of the heart rate in tests on
      bicycle ergometer for training optimization in 11-year-old children if the proper
      degree of load increase is chosen. This simple method can substitute a more
      laborious invasive way of determining AT.

PMID- 3366519
TI  - Cardiorespiratory strain of middle-aged men in mass events of long-distance
      cycling, rowing, jogging, and skiing.
AB  - The heart rate of 11 39- to 53-year-old regularly exercising but nonathletic men
      was recorded during mass events of 132-km cycling, 35-km rowing, 33-km running,
      and 90-km cross-country skiing during 1 year. These measurements were related to
      the cardiorespiratory response in respective maximal exercise tests to determine
      and compare the strain of the four events. The mean event time of the subjects
      was 4 h 58 (+/- 34) min for cycling, 4 h 20 (+/- 35) min for rowing, 3 h 30 (+/-
      29) min for running, and 8 h 29 (+/- 49) min for skiing. The respective mean
      heart rates were 153 (+/- 10), 137 (+/- 15), 159 (+/- 8), and 145 (+/- 5)
      bts/min, which represented 79.3 (+/- 6), 72.9 (+/- 13), 85.7 (+/- 4), and 72.8
      (+/- 7) %VO2 max as determined from the event-specific HR/VO2 regression line.
      The proportion of event heart rates above the level representing the 90% event
      specific maximal heart rate was 31.2% (+/- 19%) in cycling, 17.9% (+/- 26%) for
      rowing, 59.7% (+/- 24%) for running, and 21.6% (+/- 23%) for skiing. A
      statistical comparison of the mean event heart rates indicated that heart rate
      was lower in rowing than in jogging (P less than 0.01) and in cycling (P less
      than 0.05) and also lower in skiing (P less than 0.01) than in jogging. The
      present results showed that the cardiorespiratory strain of middle-aged
      nonathletic men during long-distance mass events of cycling, jogging, and skiing
      is high and relatively comparable to that of well-conditioned athletes.

PMID- 3366520
TI  - Sweat iron loss of male and female runners during exercise.
AB  - Male (n = 9) and female (n = 8) collegiate cross-country runners were studied
      during a training session to determine the amount of iron lost in the sweat.
      Sweat samples were collected from the arm using polyethylene bags. Total sweat
      loss was determined by weighing subjects before and after the runs. Average time
      of sweat collection was 42 min for males and 39 min for females. Sweat rate for
      the males (717.5 +/- 145.9 g/m2/h) was significantly greater than for the females
      (460.1 +/- 142.9 g/m2/h); however, the sweat rate per km was not significantly
      different. Females had a significantly greater sweat iron concentration (0.417 +/
      0.024 mg/l) than males (0.179 +/- 0.011 mg/l). Rate of sweat iron loss was not
      significantly different for females (0.276 +/- 0.140 mg/h) and males (0.21 +/-
      0.13 mg/h). Sweat iron concentration was inversely related with sweat rate (r = 
      0.64). Our data suggest that although males lose more total sweat than females,
      the higher sweat iron concentration of females leads to similar rates of iron
      loss. For female runners, sweat iron loss coupled with a low dietary iron intake
      may result in a negative iron balance.

PMID- 3366522
TI  - Sports injuries in a large urban population: occurrence and epidemiological
      aspects.
AB  - Most studies reporting on sports injuries have been investigations of specific
      types and locations in specific sports events and levels. This study aims at
      outlining the features of sports injuries in general regardless of type,
      severity, or treatment during 1 year among the adult population of the Greater
      Helsinki area (pop. 600,000). This study was carried out in cooperation with the
      Central Statistical Office, which in 1980 performed a nationwide survey aimed at
      outlining the incidence and features of accidents occurring in Finland. The
      actual data from this study concerning sports injuries in the Greater Helsinki
      area was broken down and further analyzed. During the actual time period under
      investigation, an estimated 40,380 acute sports injuries occurred in the area.
      Based on this estimate, the calculated occurrence of sports injuries was found to
      be 670 +/- 121/10,000 inhabitants. Sports injuries were found mainly among young
      people in their productive working years, though surprisingly low was the
      occurrence of injuries among women of 20-24 years of age. The majority of the
      injuries were of mild character, though 9% were classified as severe, and it was
      estimated on the basis of the data obtained from this study that some 4000
      patients attended a casualty department in the area because of an injury
      sustained in sports, thus placing a considerable burden on these agencies.
      Distorsions formed with 65% the most common type of injury, and the application
      of an adhesive bandage was the commonest form of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366521
TI  - Foot impact force and intravascular hemolysis during distance running.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the relationship between foot impact force and
      the magnitudes of the changes in markers of intravascular hemolysis during
      distance running. Fourteen male distance runners (VO2 max = 66.1 +/- 5.0 ml.kg
      1.min-1, mean +/- SD) completed two treadmill runs and a resting control
      procedure. The two treadmill tests involved running at 215 m.min-1 for 10,000
      footstrikes at elevations of either +6% (uphill) or -6% (downhill). Mean foot
      impact force was 11% greater with the downhill than the uphill running. The three
      procedures were ordered randomly and separated by 7 days. Hemoglobin
      concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), plasma free hemoglobin (PFHb), and
      haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were assayed in blood samples collected via
      venipuncture 15 min and immediately before exercise, and immediately, 1 h, and 2
      h after the exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that Hp was significantly
      decreased and PFHb was significantly increased after treadmill running (P less
      than 0.05) and that these changes were significantly greater with downhill than
      uphill running (P less than 0.05). These findings support the theory that
      mechanical trauma to red blood cells occurring at footstrike is a major cause of
      hemolysis during running.

PMID- 3366523
TI  - Changes in blood platelet function, coagulation, and fibrinolytic activity in
      response to moderate, exhaustive, and prolonged exercise.
AB  - In a group of 47 healthy men aged 25-55, the influence of moderate, exhaustive,
      and prolonged exercise on blood platelet function, coagulation, and fibrinolytic
      activity was evaluated. Static exertion of short duration and moderate intensity
      did not cause significant alterations in any of the indices analyzed. Prolonged
      exercise (60 min) performed on a bicycle ergometer in aerobic conditions led to
      strong activation of the fibrinolytic system [euglobulin lysis time (ELT) fell
      from 208 to 88 min] and a slight increase in platelet count (PC) but did not
      cause significant changes in platelet factor 4 (PF 4) and platelet aggregate
      ratio, recalcification (RT), and prothrombin time (PT). Repeated bouts of maximum
      exercise leading to considerable acidosis (pH = 7.22; BE = -13.3) caused a
      significant increase in blood platelet count and an increase in PF 4 release.
      These changes were accompanied by strong intensification in fibrinolytic activity
      (over 63% reduction of ELT and a marked increase of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation
      products). In some individuals, unfavorable hemostatic changes were observed
      following intensive exercise. It is concluded that more attention should be given
      in future to the problem of verification of preventive and rehabilitative
      training programs from the point of view of exercise-induced hemostatic changes.

PMID- 3366524
TI  - An improved flow injection method for determination of lactate during exercise
      studies.
AB  - An improved enzymatic fluorometric method for automated analysis of lactate in
      perchloric acid extracts of capillary blood with flow injection (FIA) is
      described. The concentrations of lactate can be measured in as little as 20
      microliter capillary blood from an exercising person. Within-day and between-day
      coefficients of variation are about 2%. The recovery of lactate from whole blood
      is 101%. Lactate is stable in perchloric acid extracts for at least 15 days at
      room temperature, and at +4 degrees C at least 30 days. Blank fluorescence in
      perchloric acid extracts of blood is low with the improved method. The FIA system
      is simple to use, inexpensive to operate, and is recommended for any laboratory
      with a high throughput of samples.

PMID- 3366525
TI  - The influence of physical exercise on peritoneal macrophage functions:
      histochemical and phagocytic studies.
AB  - Peritoneal murine macrophages were assayed for their enzyme content and
      phagocytic activity after physical exercise. An endurance training as well as a
      single exhaustive exercise bout caused increased enzyme and phagocytic
      activities. However, a homogeneous activation could not be observed. The
      exhaustively exercised animals delivered macrophages with the highest levels of
      activation. Therefore, physical exercise has to be listed among the stimuli with
      macrophage-activating function. The inconsistency between an activating effect of
      physical exercise on macrophages and the observation that high-performance
      athletes suffer more frequently from harmless infectious diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3366526
TI  - Litomosoides carinii infection: pathophysiological changes in the infected albino
      rat.

PMID- 3366527
TI  - Comparative analysis of larval excretory-secretory antigens of Baylisascaris
      procyonis, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum by Western blotting and enzyme
      immunoassay.

PMID- 3366528
TI  - Status of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system in the intestine, lungs
      and kidneys of hamsters during infection with Ancylostoma ceylanicum.

PMID- 3366529
TI  - Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: immunogenicity of larval and adult worms in rats.

PMID- 3366530
TI  - Oesophagostomum radiatum: successful vaccination of calves with an extract of in
      vitro cultured larvae.

PMID- 3366531
TI  - Meriones unguiculatus as an experimental host for Taenia saginata metacestodes.

PMID- 3366532
TI  - Fine structure of the tegument of Mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia (Cestoda:
      Cyclophyllidea).

PMID- 3366533
TI  - Development of Caryospora bigenetica (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) in experimentally
      infected mice.

PMID- 3366534
TI  - Carbohydrate metabolism in Onchocerca gutturosa and Onchocerca lienalis
      (Nematoda: Filarioidea).

PMID- 3366536
TI  - The course of primary infection with Necator americanus in syngeneic mice.

PMID- 3366535
TI  - Fatty acid composition of plerocercoid and adult of Spirometra erinacei and the
      host-parasite relationship.

PMID- 3366537
TI  - Ultrastructure of spermatozoon and spermatogenesis in Maritrema linguilla
      (Digenea: Microphallidae).

PMID- 3366539
TI  - Interactions between peritoneal cells and Trypanosoma musculi in mice.

PMID- 3366538
TI  - Isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.37) of adult nematodes.

PMID- 3366540
TI  - Ammonia toxicity and alkalosis in sheep infested by Lucilia cuprina larvae.

PMID- 3366541
TI  - The salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum: nature of salivary gland
      components and their role in tick attachment and feeding.

PMID- 3366542
TI  - Structural and functional differences between fetal and adult serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of bilirubin with adult of fetal human serum albumin has been studied
      by steady-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The 1:1 complex between
      bilirubin and the two albumin samples shows very similar fluorescence properties,
      as well as essentially identical accessibility of the protein-bound bilirubin to
      fluorescence quenchers added to the aqueous medium. The intramolecular distance
      between bilirubin and the single tryptophyl residue can be estimated to be 2.4 +/
      0.2 nm for both proteins by singlet-singlet energy transfer. These findings
      suggest that fetal and adult human serum albumin have a very similar three
      dimensional structure; the different binding capacity for bilirubin displayed by
      the two proteins is likely to be the consequence of small differences in the
      physico-chemical properties of some amino acid residues close to the bilirubin
      binding site, as indicated by pH-titration experiments of the intrinsic albumin
      fluorescence.

PMID- 3366543
TI  - Synthesis of a tripeptide with a C-terminal nitrile moiety and the inhibition of
      proteinases.
AB  - The synthesis of the tripeptide D-Phe-Pro-Arg with the nitrile group instead of
      the carboxylgroup is described. Initially, the corresponding peptide amide was
      synthesized by conventional methods in solution using Boc and Fmoc as the
      protecting group for D-Phe. The dehydration in order to create the nitrile moiety
      was achieved by treating the peptide amide with phosphorus oxichloride or
      trifluoroacetic anhydride. Best results were obtained by the use of phosphorus
      oxichloride in pyridine as the solvent in the presence of imidazole. After
      deprotection of the N-terminal amino acid the crude product was purified by
      chromatography on Butyl-Fractogel HW-40 (S). The purity of the final product was
      checked on a RP18 phase by hplc. The existence of the nitrile group was
      demonstrated by i.r. and 13C-n.m.r. spectra. The peptide nitrile exhibited a
      strong inhibition of thrombin compared to the tripeptide amide.

PMID- 3366544
TI  - Selective reduction of the disulfide bonds of ovine placental lactogen.
AB  - Reduction and carbamidomethylation of two of the three disulfide bridges of ovine
      placental lactogen was accomplished by the use of 20-fold molar excess of
      dithiothreitol over protein disulfide content. The derivative retained its
      binding capacity to somatogenic as well as lactogenic rat liver receptors,
      although the latter was somewhat diminished. The two disulfide bonds exposed to
      the reducing agent are those located near the carboxy- and amino-terminus, while
      the larger loop remained intact after reduction. This behaviour is similar to
      that of bovine growth hormone, where the larger loop was also more resistant to
      reduction.

PMID- 3366545
TI  - Thermolysin and alpha-chymotrypsin mediated synthesis of tripeptides containing
      proline.
AB  - The tripeptides Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt, Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OBzl were
      synthesized by thermolysin and alpha-chymotrypsin catalysis. The optimum
      conditions for the couplings between Z-Pro-OH and H-Leu-OEt or H-Leu-Gly-OEt
      catalysed by thermolysin were determined by a systematic study involving analysis
      of pH effect, ammonium sulfate concentration, reaction time, enzyme
      concentration, and relative proportion of the carboxyl and amine components. The
      best yield obtained for Z-Pro-Leu-OEt was 77% and for Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt, 100%. Z
      Pro-Leu-OEt was coupled to H-Gly-OEt, H-Gly-NH2 and H-Gly-OBzl. The best
      conditions to obtain Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt and Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 were determined by
      the study of some factors that affect the reaction yield, such as organic solvent
      presence, substrate ratio and aqueous and organic solvent ratio. The yield
      obtained under optimum synthesis conditions was 55% for Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OEt and 61%
      for Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2. Z-Pro-Leu-Gly-OBzl was synthesized with 42% yield.

PMID- 3366546
TI  - 17O n.m.r. studies of amino acids in the solid state, in single- and
      polycrystalline forms.
AB  - A single crystal of 17O enriched alpha-glycine was grown by slow evaporation of
      aqueous solution. 17O n.m.r. studies of the alpha-glycine molecule in single
      crystalline form revealed five 17O transitions each consisting of two lines due
      to inequivalency of the oxygen atoms in the unit cell, with each of these lines
      revealing a dipolar interaction between the 17O and the nearest hydrogen atom.
      The spectral width was found to be of the order of magnitude of MHz and the
      linewidths of the order of magnitude of 2 kHz.

PMID- 3366547
TI  - Effect of calcium (II) and magnesium (II) ions on the 18-23 gamma-carboxyglutamic
      acid containing cyclic peptide loop of bovine prothrombin. An AMBER molecular
      mechanics study.
AB  - The effect of calcium (II) and magnesium (II) ions on the conformation of the 18
      23 cyclic peptide loop of bovine prothrombin are investigated by the molecular
      mechanics program AMBER (Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement). The
      work is an extension of an earlier paper (Eastman et al., Int. J. Peptide Protein
      Res. 27, 1986, 530-553) that employed the program ECEPP (Empirical Conformational
      Energy Program for Peptides). In the absence of either metal ion, or in the
      presence of either one Ca(II) or one Mg(II) ion, the lowest-energy forms found by
      AMBER have the Gla21-Pro22 peptide bond in a trans conformation. In the presence
      of two Ca(II) or Mg(II) ions, the loop form of lowest energy is decidedly cis.
      The coordination about the Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions is different in both the single
      and double metal cases. In addition, the peptide chains that emerge from the loop
      are oriented parallel to each other in the lowest-energy complex with two Ca(II)
      ions, but are not parallel in the lowest-energy complex with two Mg(II) ions.

PMID- 3366548
TI  - Isolation and properties of the pituitary gonadotropin from silver carp
      (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix).
AB  - The gonadotropin of silver carp (scGTH) was purified from the pituitary glands in
      a yield of 8.4 mg/g through extraction with 6% ammonium acetate (pH 5.1)-40%
      ethanol followed by 80% ethanol precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and
      gel filtration. The molecular weight of scGTH is about 32,000 as estimated by gel
      filtration. Leucine and serine were the two N-termini of scGTH. The amino acid
      composition of scGTH is rich in aspartic acid/asparagine, glutamic
      acid/glutamine, valine, proline and half cystine. Its carbohydrate content is
      22.2%. Biologically, scGTH significantly stimulated the steroidogenesis in carp
      testis and ovary in vitro and induced the ovulation in loaches. It also
      stimulated the 32P-phosphate uptake into 1-day-old chicken testis.
      Immunologically, scGTH could cross-react with the antiserum against cGTH and vice
      versa. In both cases parallel displacement curves were displayed.

PMID- 3366549
TI  - Potential energy calculations on phenylalanine rotamers in different boat forms
      of proline-containing cyclic dipeptides.
AB  - Previous potential energy calculations have always indicated that the folded
      conformation is the most stable one for cyclic dipeptides containing benzylic
      side chains. We have carried out intramolecular van der Waals potential energy
      calculations on cyclo-(D-Phe-L-Pro), N-(N-phenylacetyl-L-alanyl)-cyclo-(L-Phe-D
      Pro) and N-(pyruvoyl)-cyclo-(L-Phe-D-Pro) adopting the geometries found in their
      crystal structures. The calculations made on these compounds, having the peptide
      skeleton made of the same aminoacid residues but differing in the degree of
      buckling of the boat, show that there is a dependence between diketopiperazine
      ring and phenylalanine side-chain conformations. The folded conformer is
      preferred as long as it is allowed by the degree of buckling of the boat. When
      the boat becomes highly buckled, as in the case of the pyruvoyl derivative, the
      folded rotamer is no longer favoured. This is the first energy calculation to
      demonstrate that the folded rotamer is not always the most stable one.

PMID- 3366550
TI  - Heterochiral N-formyl methionyl peptides. Molecular conformation and crystal
      structures of N-f-L-Met-D-Phe and N-f-L-Met-D-Phe-OtBu.

PMID- 3366551
TI  - Isolation and characterization of growth hormone from blue fox pituitary glands.
AB  - Growth hormone has been purified to homogeneity from blue fox pituitary glands.
      It has 191 amino acids with two disulfide bridges and a single tryptophan
      residue. The somatotropin activity is only 8% when compared with the bovine
      hormone in the receptor-binding assay. From radioimmunoassay data using baboon
      antisera to porcine or bovine growth hormone, the fox hormone has 14-17%
      immunoreactivity of bovine or porcine hormone.

PMID- 3366553
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of delta sleep-inducing peptide.
AB  - The delta sleep-inducing peptide was assembled enzymatically from three
      tripeptide fragments. All the peptide bonds were prepared by either papain- or
      alpha-chymotrypsin-mediated synthesis. Secondary hydrolysis was suppressed by
      introducing N alpha-protected amino acid or peptide esters as carboxyl components
      and using an alkaline pH. The protected nonapeptide was oxidized with ferric
      chloride to deprotect the C-terminal phenylhydrazide and then hydrogenated. The
      homogeneous peptide was obtained by reversed phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Comparison of enzymatic and chemical preparations showed no
      obvious differences.

PMID- 3366552
TI  - Crystal and molecular structure of Destruxin B.
AB  - The cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin Destruxin B, produced by Metarrhizium
      anisopliae, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with a =
      11.010(2)A, b = 14.679(5)A, c = 21.273(7)A and Z = 4. The structure was solved by
      direct methods and refined by least-squares technique to a final unweighted R
      value of 0.051, for 3361 reflections with I greater than 3 sigma (I). The
      backbone of the peptide is asymmetric and is made of 5 trans peptide and ester
      units and 1 cis peptide unit. The backbone conformation of this cyclic
      depsipeptide is very similar to that of Roseotoxin B, an analogous mycotoxin
      produced by Trichothecium roseum. The conformation in the crystalline state also
      correlates well with the solution conformation, as reported from proton n.m.r.
      studies. The crystal packing is directed by van der Waals contacts.

PMID- 3366554
TI  - A study of the movement of nurses and nursing skills between the NHS and the
      private sector in England and Wales.
AB  - An investigation of 2165 qualified nurses joining eight NHS District Health
      Authorities (DHAs) and 72 private sector institutions was undertaken in order to
      measure the skills which move between these sectors and to estimate the likely
      impact on NHS nursing services of any future growth in the private sector. It was
      found that 42% (95% confidence interval: 36%, 48%) of the nurses joining private
      acute hospitals and 28% (95% CI: 21%, 37%) of those joining long-stay private
      nursing homes came directly from the NHS workforce. Fewer qualified nurses move
      from the private sector to the NHS. Private acute hospitals appear to attract
      recruits from a specific section of the NHS workforce: nurses under 30 years of
      age with specialist skills such as theatre nursing, renal nursing, intensive care
      and oncology.

PMID- 3366555
TI  - Health-care delivery in Cuba: nursing's role in achievement of the goal of
      'Health for All'.
AB  - The findings of a study of the delivery of nursing care in noninstitutionalized
      settings in Cuba are presented. The study investigated factors associated with
      change in health status and the role of nursing in the community to bring about
      that change since the time of the 1959 revolution. Recommendations of the World
      Health Organization's 'Goal of Health For All by the Year 2000' provided
      guidelines for the study. In the pursuit of Health for All, the World Health
      Organization specifically called for universal coverage with primary health care
      to include the following essential elements: education covering the prevention
      and control of major health problems; adequate food, safe water and nutrition;
      maternal and child health including family planning; immunization against
      infectious disease; prevention and control of endemic diseases; and treatment of
      diseases and injuries. Findings of the study suggest that nursing can play an
      important role in the delivery of health care that meets the World Health
      Organization's goal of Health for All through universal coverage of primary
      health care to the defined population.

PMID- 3366556
TI  - The 'difficult' elderly patient: adjustment or maladjustment?
AB  - In this study, simultaneous triangulation was used to explore the problem of the
      'difficult' patient. Ethnoscience was used to describe the perceptions of nurses
      about the types of difficult patients, ethnographic interviews with difficult
      patients were used to elicit information about the patients' perspective of the
      hospitalization experience, and a content analysis of 42 vignettes published in
      nursing magazines describing difficult patients and the resolution of the problem
      provided the third perspective. Data from these three sources were integrated to
      develop an explanatory model for the difficult behaviour. The antecedent is
      patients' unmet expectations; the patients' behavioural response is an attempt to
      maintain personal control of the experience of hospitalization; and, frequently,
      the nurses' response to regain control exacerbates the situation.

PMID- 3366557
TI  - Health and health behavior of persons with chronic cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Health conceptions, perceived health status and health behaviors were compared
      for 58 adults; 29 with cardiovascular disease and 29 who were healthy. Data were
      collected by interview. Results indicated similarities in health conceptions and
      behaviors for the two groups. The cardiovascular patients perceived themselves
      less healthy overall but when health status was subdivided into dimensions, they
      perceived themselves less healthy on the clinical dimension only. They were
      equally healthy on the functional, adaptive, and eudaimonistic (self
      actualization) dimensions. These findings underscore the necessity of viewing
      health within a broader context when providing health care to individuals with
      chronic disease.

PMID- 3366558
TI  - Nursing hours per patient: a method for allocation of staff in midwifery.
AB  - This paper describes the findings of a study of 43 midwifery wards in Northern
      Ireland. The Nursing Hours Per Patient (NHPP) index is extended to the
      calculation of appropriate indices for five categories of midwifery ward,
      antenatal, delivery, postnatal, special care baby units, combined units
      (including delivery wards) and combined antenatal and postnatal wards. These
      indices are used to examine the distribution of nursing staff in relation to
      occupied beds.

PMID- 3366559
TI  - Disclosure of psychosocial concerns of young adults with advanced cystic fibrosis
      (CF) by a nurse home visiting program.
AB  - Twelve patients with advanced cystic fibrosis were enrolled over a 36 month
      interval in a trial to assess the effect of nocturnal home oxygen therapy. As
      part of this study, there were repeated home visits by the nurse. Immediately
      following a visit, the nurse encoded all spontaneous expressions of concern into
      three general categories: CF management, growth and development and family
      relations. During the first 6 months, the concerns focused on CF management and
      over the subsequent year were followed by concerns related to growth and
      development and, finally to family interactions. This pattern suggests a sequence
      to the types of interventions accepted by this population.

PMID- 3366560
TI  - Collaboration in nursing research--a multi-disciplinary approach.
AB  - Research today is increasingly a very important segment of nursing and is one of
      the avenues for nurses in expanding their role. Nurses are now wanting to
      research more diverse problems and to observe clients in more than the
      traditional hospital systems. Gaining access to clients is not always an easy
      experience. In independent research, many nurses still have to rely on the
      physician or some other discipline for referral of clients especially in a
      specialty area such as psychiatry where the diagnosing of the client can be of
      particular importance and carry implications for the research process itself.
      Collaboration with other disciplines in research offers a practical solution to
      many of the resistances encountered in research. It offers access to patients who
      may otherwise be very difficult to encounter. It offers the opportunity to share
      and expand each other's ideas from the points of view of other disciplines. This
      prevents a focus from being too narrow and allows a broadening of viewpoint.
      Through collaborating with other disciplines, one can have a built-in
      consultation system. This has many advantages, the main one being access to
      information, such as diagnostic criteria and psychological testing. Collaboration
      allows others to be familiar with the expanded role of the nurse. Many nurses are
      researching concepts pertinent to a particular specialty area which may or may
      not be a measure of direct nursing action and its effect. To many disciplines,
      this is seen as an expanded role. Collaboration among faculties in a university
      system promotes collegial relationships and credibility that need not be limited
      to one's own faculty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366561
TI  - Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of the blood-retinal
      barrier.
AB  - Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two-dimensional quantitative
      assessment of blood-retinal barrier dysfunction was investigated in rabbits using
      a 0.1 T (4.25 MHz) resistive system. Reliable and consistent measurements of
      vitreous T1 were obtained repeatedly, in slices of width 5 mm and X-Y resolution
      of 1.2 mm. Calibration of reduction of T1 in eyes after injection of gadolinium
      DTPA (Gd-DTPA) was performed, resulting in a dose-related response of relaxation
      rate (1/T1) to the dose of Gd-DTPA injected. Follow-up scans of injected eyes
      demonstrated a gradual spread of the T1 "hot-spot" as the contrast agent diffused
      through the vitreous. T1 rose gradually to basal levels by 72 hr. No local effect
      of Gd-DTPA was found by ophthalmoscopy. Xenon arc photocoagulation of rabbit
      retina reduced T1 from 1638 +/- 54 (n = 6, mean +/- SD) ms to 1408 +/- 118 (n =
      4) msec (P less than 0.01) throughout the vitreous 5-7 hr after treatment. In
      treated rabbits receiving 1.0 mmol/l Gd-DTPA intravenously, T1 adjacent to
      lesions 90-120 min after injection was further reduced in a 63 microliter voxel
      to 670 +/- 50 ms (mean +/- SD, n = 5) with a minimum pixel value of 285 +/- 52
      ms. It was estimated that this represented leakage into vitreous of 8.3 nmol Gd
      DTPA. Plasma Gd-DTPA concentrations declined rapidly, with half-life of 20-40
      min. The findings indicate that MRI is a technique with the potential for
      repeated quantitative three-dimensional assessment of blood-retinal barrier
      dysfunction.

PMID- 3366562
TI  - Lipofuscin granules in human photoreceptor cells.
AB  - Twenty-four human retinas were structurally examined in order to study the
      degradative pathway in inner segment turnover. Lipofuscin granules were found in
      myoids of photoreceptor inner segments. Cone lipofuscin granules exhibited
      autofluorescence, in ultraviolet light. Both the cone lipofuscin granules (-1.6
      micron) and the rod ones (-0.6 micron) were membrane-limited inclusions
      comprising different contents. Various vacuoles related to autophagy were found
      in the myoids of rods and cones. Acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated in
      lipofuscin granules of the rods and cones, as well as adjacent various vacuoles.
      A survey of the cone lipofuscin granules in the semithin Epon sections revealed
      that more than one-half of the eyes from humans over 30 years of age contained
      cone lipofuscin granules, whereas eyes from those under 30 years of age did not.
      These results strongly suggest that lipofuscin granules represent an accumulation
      of residual bodies of autophagy in the photoreceptor inner segments.

PMID- 3366563
TI  - The electroretinogram and choroidal PO2 in the cat during elevated intraocular
      pressure.
AB  - The effects of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the dark-adapted standing
      potential (SP), b- and c-waves of the electroretinogram (ERG) and choroidal PO2
      of the intact cat eye were studied. During pressure elevation the SP increased, c
      wave amplitude increased and the b-wave decreased, with the SP and c-wave being
      considerably more sensitive to pressure elevation. Inspiration of 100% O2
      reversed the effects of elevated IOP on the c-wave and SP. ERG changes were found
      to be more consistent when related to perfusion pressure (PP = MAP - IOP) rather
      than absolute IOP. Initial increases in c-wave amplitudes and SP were observed at
      PPs as high as 105 mm Hg. The SP was most sensitive to IOP increases; the PP at
      which a change was first detected averaged 84.0 +/- 16.3 mm Hg (n = 7 cats). The
      PP at which the earliest c-wave change occurred was 78.7 +/- 16.7 mm Hg (n = 12
      cats). The PP at which a b-wave change was first observed was 51.5 +/- 14.9 mm Hg
      (n = 11 cats). Choroidal PO2 was measured with an oxygen microelectrode and
      decreased with increasing IOP. A positive correlation was found (r = 0.78)
      between an increase in c-wave amplitude and decrease in choroidal PO2. From our
      results we can hypothesize that increased IOP led to decreased choroidal blood
      flow and outer retinal hypoxia measured as decreased choroidal PO2, and that this
      hypoxia was responsible for the c-wave and standing potential changes we
      observed.

PMID- 3366564
TI  - Development of the anchoring structures of the epithelium in rabbit and human
      fetal corneas.
AB  - The sequence of development of the components of the corneal adhesion complex
      (hemidesmosomes, basal lamina and anchoring fibrils) was studied in rabbit and
      human fetal corneas using electron microscopy and histochemical localization of
      type VII (anchoring fibril) collagen. In the rabbit, basal lamina was present at
      15 days gestation, followed by hemidesmosomes (HDs) and anchoring fibrils (AFs)
      at 20 days gestation. Type VII collagen was first localized at 20 days. At 25
      days, HDs remained low compared to the adult value. During human corneal
      development, basal lamina was present at 8 weeks gestation. Through 12 weeks of
      gestation, no HDs or AFs were discernible nor was there any type VII
      localization. At 13-19 weeks, HDs and cross-banded AFs were seen, and
      localization of type VII collagen was first noted. A palisade of filaments
      extending perpendicularly from the basal lamina into the underlying stroma was
      discernible from 13 to 27 weeks. A distinct Bowman's layer was present at 19
      weeks. By 27 weeks, HDs/micron membrane were greater than or equal to the adult
      value, and AF penetration into the underlying stroma was also greater than or
      equal to the adult value. Bowman's layer had not reached adult values by term.
      These data indicate that after basal lamina deposition, HDs and AFs develop
      synchronously in both species. In humans the palisade of filaments may be the
      precursor of Bowman's layer, and the AF network develops within Bowman's layer.

PMID- 3366565
TI  - Expression of mannose receptors for pinocytosis and phagocytosis on rat retinal
      pigment epithelium.
AB  - We report here the presence of a mannose-specific receptor on apical membranes of
      rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. For pinocytic studies, 125I-Mannose
      BSA (125I-Man-BSA) was incubated with RPE explants from normal (Long Evans) and
      dystrophic (pigmented RCS) rat retinas. Normal RPE bound 36.1 ng of ligand and,
      in the presence of mannan competitor, the amount bound was 18.3 ng. In a similar
      assay, total ligand uptake by dystrophic RPE was 25.9 ng with 9.8 ng specific for
      mannose recognition. Comparing the amounts of ligand bound, dystrophic RPE
      recognized 55% of the amount recognized by normal RPE. The presence of the
      mannose receptor was localized on both normal and dystrophic RPE apical plasma
      membranes by autoradiographic techniques using 125I-Man-BSA. Normal RPE showed a
      greater number of silver grains present at the apical cell membrane as compared
      to dystrophic RPE. Silver grains were significantly reduced when incubation with
      the ligand was carried out in the presence of a mannan competitor. Further, in
      phagocytic studies, latex beads coated with mannan were used as phagocytic
      particles. Normal RPE phagocytized 4.52 mannan-beads per cell profile by a
      mannose-specific mechanism, whereas dystrophic RPE did not recognize mannan
      beads. Our data suggest that RPE cells express surface receptors which recognize
      both soluble and particulate mannose ligands. The pinocytic and autoradiographic
      studies suggest that normal RPE binds more soluble ligand than does dystrophic
      RPE. If the mannose receptors mediate both pinocytosis and phagocytosis, a
      possible reduction in number of soluble mannose binding sites on the dystrophic
      RPE may be related to the diminished phagocytic recognition of particulate ligand
      by the dystrophic RPE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366566
TI  - Immunogenetic influence of Igh-1 phenotype on experimental herpes simplex virus
      type-1 corneal infection.
AB  - Patterns of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infection were studied in BALB/c
      congenic, Igh-1 disparate murine strains to establish the influence of Igh-1
      phenotype on the development of keratopathy, trigeminal ganglionic latency and
      keratocyte permissivity. Eighty-two percent of C.AL-20 (Igh-1d) mice, 40% of
      BALB/cByJ (Igh-1a) mice and 12% of the C.B-17 (Igh-1b) mice developed herpes
      simplex keratitis (HSK) following corneal challenge with 2.5 X 10(4) PFU HSV-1
      strain KOS. While disease frequency was directly proportional to HSV-1 challenge
      dose, relative resistance and susceptibility patterns in the congenic mice were
      constant and highly significant. F1 progeny from C.AL-20 X C.B-17 matings
      demonstrated the HSK pattern of the C.B-17 parent suggesting that Igh-1 linked
      resistance to HSK is dominantly inherited. Equivalent trigeminal ganglionic
      latency was established following ocular HSV-1 inoculation in the three congenic
      Igh-1 disparate murine strains. Cultured keratocytes from the three Igh-1
      disparate murine strains demonstrated equivalent in vitro permissivity to HSV-1
      replication. These data illustrate a strong correlation between Igh-1 phenotype
      and the development of a HSK in congenic mice. The susceptibility/resistance to
      HSK in these mice is unrelated to trigeminal ganglionic latency or keratocyte
      permissivity.

PMID- 3366567
TI  - Heterogeneity of collagens in rabbit cornea: type III collagen.
AB  - Whole neonate rabbit corneas and adult corneas containing 2-week-old scars were
      incubated in the presence of [14C] glycine. Radiolabeled collagen extracted from
      the corneas and scar tissue were analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and fluorography to determine the types and relative quantity
      of collagen polypeptides present and synthesized by these tissues. In addition to
      other collagen types, type III was found in both neonate cornea and scar tissue
      from adult cornea, albeit in relatively small quantities. Type III collagen in
      normal cornea was associated with the residue after pepsin digestion and formic
      acid extraction of the tissue, and the same type of collagen was extracted from
      scar tissue after similar treatment. Type III collagen-specific monoclonal
      antibody bound to developing normal corneas and healing adult tissue sections, as
      determined by immunofluorescence. Antibody binding was localized to the
      endothelium and growing Descemet's membrane in fetal and neonate corneas, and
      restricted to the most posterior region of the corneal scar tissue. Although
      monoclonal antibody to keratan sulfate, used as a marker for stromal fibroblasts,
      bound to most of the scar tissue, the antibody failed to bind to the posterior
      scar tissue positive for type III collagen. We conclude that endothelial cells
      from fetal and neonate rabbit cornea and endothelium-derived fibroblasts from
      healing wounds of adult cornea synthesize and deposit type III collagen.
      Moreover, this collagen appears to be incorporated into the growing Descemet's
      membrane of normal corneas and narrow posterior portion of the scar
      tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366568
TI  - The black hole effect in perimetry.
AB  - Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), mounted in drilled holes in the perimeter bowl, are
      used as stimuli in several automated perimeters. A concern is that these "black
      holes" might interrupt the otherwise uniform background illumination and cause
      inconsistent test results. A Dicon perimeter was modified by covering some of the
      LEDs with diffusing plastic. One eye of 41 normal volunteers was tested
      repetitively within the central 5 degrees of the visual field at the same 12
      locations with both covered and uncovered LED stimuli. Higher variances of
      multiple threshold determinations were observed, significant at the 0.0005 level,
      when testing was done with uncovered LEDs. On average, the black hole effect
      contributed 0.8 dB to short-term fluctuation. The black hole effect is probably
      of minor clinical importance except in exacting quantitative perimetry.

PMID- 3366569
TI  - MP26 messenger RNA sequences in normal and cataractous lens. A molecular probe
      for abundance and distribution of a fiber cell-specific gene product.
AB  - Previous work from this laboratory has suggested that swollen nucleated fiber
      cells can survive in mature galactose-cataracts. Evidence for this observation
      was derived from analysis on the in vitro translation products of mRNA isolated
      from normal lens and lens undergoing development of galactose-cataracts.
      Therefore, studies on the fate of a fiber cell-specific gene product (MP26 mRNA)
      in both normal and cataractous lens should map out gene response to: (1)
      differentiation of epithelial cells to fiber cells; (2) levels of this
      differential gene activity and its anatomical location in initiation and
      maturation of galactose-cataracts; and (3) distribution of MP26 and mRNA in
      fibers of normal and cataractous lens. The MP26 probe was isolated by methods of
      cDNA cloning into expression vectors, then subcloned into a transcription vector,
      and the recombinant plasmid was transcribed into sense and anti-sense [35S]-UTP
      labeled RNA. The [35S]-labeled RNA products were used to localize MP26 mRNA in
      tissue sections by methods of hybridization in situ. The results on normal lens
      show that gene transcription for MP26 mRNA is initiated immediately in elongating
      fibers, where new fiber cell nuclei begin to migrate to within the cortex. The
      MP26-positive grains are absent from the epithelium, highest at the bow, with a
      lower number in fibers below the posterior capsule, and lowest in the lens
      nucleus. The cataractous lens exhibits continued manifestation of MP26 mRNA at
      the bow, but at significantly lower concentrations than found in the controls,
      and this low level persisted in viable areas of the cortex. Absence of
      significant grains in areas containing cell debris is evident. The emerging
      picture for MP26 mapping in lens suggests that: (1) in cataractous as well as in
      normal lens MP26 mRNA first develops in elongating fibers; and (2) that MP26 mRNA
      localization gives an exact measure of point of cell specialization, and levels
      or "storage" of a specific gene product in fiber cells undergoing maturation,
      aging and cataractogenesis.

PMID- 3366570
TI  - Isolation of non-pigmented epithelial cells from rabbit ciliary body.
AB  - We describe a new technique for the separation and isolation of nonpigmented
      ciliary body epithelial cells from rabbit. Excised ciliary body is incubated in a
      medium buffered with EGTA to a free-Ca2+ concentration of 10(-8) M, and the
      nonpigmented cell layer is separated from the pigmented layer by microdissection
      under direct visualization. This technique yields intact cells which are greater
      than 99% nonpigmented. It can be used to produce preparations of nonpigmented
      cell plasma membrane and of viable whole cells, which may be useful for
      biochemistry, pharmacology, cell transport studies and tissue culture.

PMID- 3366571
TI  - High activities of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in
      rabbit lens epithelial cells.
AB  - Measurements were made of the activities of the NADP+-dependent isocitrate
      dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in cytosolic
      supernatants of whole lens and capsule-epithelium. The activities of all three
      NADP+-dependent enzymes were concentrated in the capsule-epithelium relative to
      the activities measured in the whole lens. These results show for the first time
      that the rabbit lens epithelial cells contain substantial activities of the NADP+
      dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. It is proposed that these
      enzymes together with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are involved in the
      regulation of the intracellular level of glutathione during oxidative stress by
      providing the NADPH necessary for the activity of glutathione reductase.

PMID- 3366572
TI  - A Raman study of disulfide and sulfhydryl in the Emory mouse cataract.
AB  - Emory mice (EM) are genetically predisposed to late-onset cataract formation. Our
      early work has shown UV-exposure slightly enhanced the expected 2 SH----SS
      conversion of normal mouse lenses only in the cortical regions. There was
      essentially no difference in the disulfide profiles of the nuclear region between
      UV-exposed and control lenses. Since the first noticeable change in the Emory
      mouse is a hazy nucleus when a lens is examined in vitro, we wondered if
      cataractogenesis in this model is different from the UV-produced cataract. This
      question was answered by comparing the visual axis profiles for SH and SS in
      early EM cataracts and in clear lenses from age-matched controls. The sulfhydryl
      profiles show that the SH level of 8.5-month-old EM lenses is essentially the
      same as that of the controls. Likewise, the disulfide profiles show no
      significant difference. The results clearly demonstrate that EM lenses do not
      undergo accelerated disulfide production. Therefore for the EM lens, the early
      stage of cataract formation must involve factors other than just accelerated
      oxidation of protein SH or glutathione SH. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29:823-826,
      1988

PMID- 3366573
TI  - Autoantibody induced by experimental Onchocerca infection. Effect of different
      routes of administration of microfilariae and of treatment with
      diethylcarbamazine citrate and ivermectin.
AB  - Hartley guinea pigs were injected with microfilariae (Mf) of Onchocerca lienalis
      as a model for acute inflammatory responses to Mf in human Onchocerca volvulus
      infection. IgG autoantibody reactive with a 3 M KCl extract of guinea pig cornea
      was detected by ELISA in the serum of guinea pigs injected with O. lienalis Mf
      three or more times sub-conjunctivally, or two or more times subcutaneously.
      Administration of the microfilaricides diethylcarbamazine citrate and ivermectin
      did not alter the proportion of animals expressing autoantibody or the mean
      autoantibody titer. The severity of acute corneal inflammatory reactions to Mf
      was similar in animals with and without circulating autoantibody. Although
      autoantibody responses did not correlate with acute corneal inflammatory
      reactions to dead Mf, the ability of Mf to induce formation of an antibody
      reactive with a component of autologous cornea suggests that autoimmune
      mechanisms might participate in chronic onchocercal lesions in the cornea, eg,
      sclerosing keratitis.

PMID- 3366574
TI  - Treating hypertension in the elderly in Hawaii.

PMID- 3366575
TI  - Mammography dosimetry survey: results of an Oahu Study.

PMID- 3366576
TI  - AIDS tests: when and for whom?

PMID- 3366577
TI  - Hepatitis B in Hawaii.

PMID- 3366578
TI  - Hui Hoa Aloha--the Hansen's Disease Association.

PMID- 3366579
TI  - Ocular leprosy.

PMID- 3366580
TI  - A clinician's experience in managing patients with Hansen's disease.

PMID- 3366581
TI  - Thirty-third annual meeting of the Health Physics Society. 4-8 July 1988, Boston,
      Massachusetts. Abstracts.

PMID- 3366582
TI  - The role of the schools in implementing the Nation's Health Objectives for the
      1990's.

PMID- 3366583
TI  - Implementing organizational changes to promote healthful diet and physical
      activity at school.
AB  - Diet and physical activity patterns appear to be learned at early ages,
      suggesting the need for school-based intervention. The potential of schools to
      improve children's diet and physical activity has been offset by countervailing
      school environments. In the first year of the "Go For Health" health promotion
      project, organizational change innovations were implemented to facilitate changes
      in school lunch, physical education, and classroom health education in support of
      healthful student diet and physical activity. At first follow-up after one year
      of intervention, the amount of sodium in selected foods served in school lunch
      was reduced from baseline (1985) to year one (1986) in the experimental schools
      by 29 and 33%, respectively, and fat was reduced by 28 and 42%, respectively. At
      first follow-up, students in the experimental schools participated in fitness
      activities 44.1 and 38.0% of the time, compared with 19.5 and 22.7% in the
      control schools.

PMID- 3366584
TI  - Heart Smart: a school health program meeting the 1990 Objectives for the Nation.
AB  - The importance of health promotion is recognized throughout the nation. The
      Surgeon General's report of 1980, Promoting Health/Preventing Disease, delineates
      objectives for intervention in 15 health priority areas. Approximately one-third
      of the objectives relate directly to the health of children, and many are
      addressed by a comprehensive cardiovascular (CV) health promotion program for
      elementary school children--Heart Smart. Priority areas addressed by this program
      are high blood pressure control, nutrition, fluoridation and dental health,
      smoking, misuse of alcohol and drugs, physical fitness and exercise, and control
      of stress and violence. Heart Smart is a cognitive behavioral intervention
      designed to address health enabling and reinforcing factors within the school
      environment. It is based on data from the Bogalusa Heart Study which clearly
      document the need for CV health intervention beginning early in life. Heart Smart
      includes a longitudinal classroom curriculum, an aerobic fitness program taught
      within physical education classes, a school lunch program offering CV healthy
      foods, and a teacher staff development program. The goal is to reduce CV risk
      factors in children. With health-enhancing behavior change of the students,
      family, and elementary school staff, objectives for CV risk reduction in our
      nation can be achieved.

PMID- 3366585
TI  - Schools as agents for achieving the 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation.
AB  - This article clarifies the capacity of the nation's public schools to act as
      powerful and effective agents to facilitate attainment of the 1990 Health
      Objectives for the Nation. Of the health promotion and disease prevention
      objectives established by the Department of Health and Human Services in 1980,
      Iverson and Kolbe have identified 67 that can be achieved directly or indirectly
      through comprehensive school health programming. This process, however, can best
      be expedited by expanding the traditional definition of comprehensive school
      health from one that includes health instruction, health services, and a
      healthful school environment coordinated by a school/community health council to
      one that integrates additional programs and resources already in existence in
      most school and community environments: the physical education program, the
      school food service program, the school counseling program, and a school site
      health promotion initiative for faculty and staff. All eight of these areas can
      be utilized as highly valuable resources to facilitate the attainment of the
      health objectives for the nation. This schematic, first advanced by Kolbe,
      includes those diverse programs which have as their objectives the promotion of
      some aspect of health, either for students or staff, within the school setting.
      Specific suggestions for programming to attain those 1990 health objectives via
      an integrated school-based approach are discussed.

PMID- 3366586
TI  - The potential contribution of computerized school-based record systems to the
      monitoring of the disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the
      nation.
AB  - This article discusses the potential contribution of computerized school-based
      record systems to help monitor the 1990 and future health objectives for the
      nation, to provide a continuing health data base on nearly 50 million Americans,
      and to improve current school health record-keeping practices. Limitations of
      paper-based health record systems and the state-of-the-art and future potential
      of computerized record systems are described. Several key obstacles to
      computerization of school health records are considered, including technological
      problems, difficulties in appreciating and evaluating the benefits of
      computerization, costs, acceptability to individuals and organizational users,
      standardization problems, and concerns about confidentiality. Implementation
      steps involving research and surveillance measures for attaining the 1990
      objectives that may be facilitated by improved school health records and
      information systems are specified. As school health education and school health
      services increasingly become vehicles for achieving national public health
      objectives, including those set for 1990, it will be desirable to establish data
      systems that link information collected in individual schools with research and
      surveillance activities at the state and national level. Moreover, it will be
      desirable for school's health records and information systems to contain data
      describing students' health-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and
      physiological risk factors, in addition to the data traditionally maintained in
      such records.

PMID- 3366587
TI  - School worksite wellness programs: a strategy for achieving the 1990 goals for a
      healthier America.
AB  - Employee health promotion programs, first developed for private business and
      industry, are being extended to governmental employees. South Carolina
      established a pilot health promotion program in 1982 for 20,000 state employees
      in the area surrounding Columbia, the state capital. In 1985, the Carolina
      Healthstyle program was institutionalized as an employee benefit, extended
      statewide, and was broadened to include all school district employees and state
      retirees. This article describes the Carolina Healthstyle program in school
      worksites as it is being implemented by one pilot school district, with a briefer
      description of the organization, funding, and evaluation of the overall state
      employee wellness program. The article describes contributions that schoolsite
      wellness programs can make to increase positive health behaviors of staff,
      parents, and community as part of the movement to achieve the health goals of the
      nation.

PMID- 3366588
TI  - Exemplary school health education: a new charge from HOT districts.
AB  - School health education is generally regarded as instructional programs for
      students. Such programs have limited impact, especially when the social
      environment is inconsistent with instructional messages. A study of Oregon school
      districts reveals that some school personnel have gone beyond curricula in their
      school education programs. Exemplary districts addressed noninstructional issues,
      most notably staff development programs and food service offerings. In doing so,
      they have changed not only the social context of the schools, but their ability
      to directly influence a greater number of Health Objectives for the Nation.

PMID- 3366589
TI  - School-based clinics: their role in helping students meet the 1990 objectives.
AB  - Service statistics and observations from site visits across the country indicate
      that school-based clinics (SBCs) may be having an impact on several of the
      problems targeted in the 1990 health objectives, including unplanned pregnancy
      and substance abuse. At least 120 junior and senior high schools in 61
      communities are currently operating or developing clinics. Growth is attributed
      to increasing concern about high-risk youth, especially among educators in their
      roles of "surrogate parents"; to disillusion with categorical interventions and a
      movement toward more comprehensive services; and to student, parent, school, and
      community approval of the new programs. This article describes the comprehensive
      school-based clinic model, including its history, organizational strategies,
      school/community partnerships, and services.

PMID- 3366590
TI  - Effectiveness of four school health education projects upon substance use, self
      esteem, and adolescent stress.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of school
      health education projects on substance use, self-esteem, and stress. The subjects
      were 161 adolescents in fifth through eighth grades in four school health
      education projects funded through the Ohio Department of Health. Data collection
      included pretest/posttest questionnaires on self-report use of tobacco products,
      alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs. In addition, the Hare Self-Esteem and the
      Adolescent Stress Symptomology Scales were utilized. There was a six-week
      interval between pretest and posttest administration. MANCOVA, with age as a
      covariate, was used to compare pretest/posttest scores for self-esteem and stress
      symptomology. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with project staff about the
      educational methodology of their intervention. The results revealed that the
      predominate educational method used by the projects was lecture/discussion. There
      were no significant differences between pretest/posttest questionnaires for
      frequency of substance use, self-esteem, or stress symptomology. Effective school
      health education programs need sufficient quantity and quality in order to have
      an impact on health behaviors and the intermediate health-enhancing variable of
      self-esteem.

PMID- 3366591
TI  - Evaluation of a tobacco and alcohol abuse prevention curriculum for adolescents.
AB  - This study examined the effectiveness of a tobacco and alcohol prevention program
      that was delivered to sixth and seventh grade students by minimally trained
      classroom teachers. The program focused on (a) teaching students to identify and
      resist peer influences, (b) information about short- and long-term consequences
      of tobacco and alcohol use, (c) the correction of normative expectations, and (d)
      the establishment of conservative intentions regarding tobacco and alcohol use.
      Two cohorts of students were pretested, and subsequent to delivery of the
      program, they were tracked longitudinally. The first cohort was followed for four
      years, the second was followed for three years. Results indicate that the program
      reduced the onset and prevalence of tobacco use but not alcohol use. The effects
      for tobacco were differentially related to the school district in which the
      program was delivered, the sex of student, and ethnicity, suggesting that
      prevention program content is only one variable that may affect the effectiveness
      of prevention interventions.

PMID- 3366592
TI  - Care of sudden cardiac death survivors: the aberrant cardiac patients.
AB  - Caring for survivors of sudden cardiac death presents nursing with a challenge.
      Although many of these individuals' needs are similar to those of other patients
      with cardiac disease, some are different. This article investigates the role of
      the nurse in providing care for these unique clients. To increase the nurse's
      understanding, sudden cardiac death is defined, its pathophysiology described,
      and the current medical management detailed. The unique nursing care needs of
      these individuals are outlined and suggestions for nursing interventions are
      presented. By providing comprehensive physical and emotional support to these
      individuals, recovery and return to a high-quality life will be facilitated.

PMID- 3366593
TI  - Assessment of neurologic damage: creatine kinase-BB assay after cardiac arrest.
AB  - The assay of cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) after cardiac arrest
      has demonstrated a relationship between CK-BB activity and neurologic recovery; a
      high concentration of cerebrospinal fluid CK-BB can be associated with lower
      Glasgow Coma Scale scores, intracranial pressure plateau waves, and histologic
      brain damage on death. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid CK-BB is most reliable
      when it is done within 48 to 72 hours of the arrest. The appearance of serum CK
      BB after a cardiac arrest indicates global ischemia, but has not been shown to be
      a reliable indicator for outcome, because of its rapid inactivation in the body.
      However, investigations into methods of reactivation of CK-BB show promise in
      terms of future use of this assay technique.

PMID- 3366594
TI  - Advanced cardiac life support: a survey of interprofessional attitudes.
AB  - A questionnaire survey was conducted of physicians and nurses who had
      participated in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)-Provider courses during a 5
      year period. Both physicians and nurses believed that a conjoint physician-nurse
      ACLS-Provider course was a good learning experience and an excellent exercise in
      interprofessional communication. On the basis of these data, we suggest that a
      conjoint ACLS-Provider course be maintained, rather than establishing different
      modules for different professions.

PMID- 3366596
TI  - NTI (National Teaching Institute) research abstracts. Dallas, Tex., May 9 to 12,
      1988.

PMID- 3366595
TI  - Initial pain course and delay to hospital admission in relation to myocardial
      infarct size.
AB  - In 47 patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Sahlgren's Hospital
      because of acute myocardial infarction (MI), we evaluated the intensity of pain
      before admission and during the first 24 hours in the CCU and the delay time
      between the onset of symptoms and the decision to go to the hospital. Pain was
      assessed according to a modified visual analogue scale graded from 0 to 10, where
      0 meant no pain and 10 meant the most severe pain. Patients generally scored
      their maximal pain before admission higher than their pain in the CCU. The
      maximal pain before admission did not seem to differ between patients with larger
      and smaller infarcts, estimated from maximal serum enzyme activity, whereas
      patients with larger infarcts tended to have more intensive pain in the hospital
      despite consuming more analgesics during the first 3 hours and the first 24 hours
      in the CCU. The time between onset of symptoms and decision to go to the hospital
      was not influenced by the intensity of pain before admission, but patients with
      larger infarcts made their decision much faster than those with smaller infarcts.
      In conclusion, infarct size, a major determinant of the initial prognosis,
      appeared to influence the initial pain course in the CCU and to markedly affect
      the delay time between onset of symptoms and the decision to seek medical care.

PMID- 3366597
TI  - Allorhythmic complex of complex complexes.

PMID- 3366598
TI  - Streptococcus mutans vertebral osteomyelitis.
AB  - Vertebral osteomyelitis is a disease most often encountered in the adult
      population, especially in the elderly. The usual etiologic agent is
      Staphylococcus aureus. We report a case of Streptococcus mutans endocarditis
      resulting in hematogenous osteomyelitis of the lumbar vertebrae.

PMID- 3366599
TI  - On killing patients.

PMID- 3366600
TI  - Electrolyte imbalances in cardiovascular disease: the forgotten factor.
AB  - Hypomagnesemia is not an infrequent finding in diuretic-induced hypokalemia.
      Potassium replacement therapy in these cases may be ineffective in raising serum
      potassium levels unless normal magnesium concentrations are restored.

PMID- 3366601
TI  - Oddly shaped pieces.

PMID- 3366602
TI  - Impact of managed care systems on home health agencies.

PMID- 3366603
TI  - Managed care: fitting pieces into the puzzle.

PMID- 3366604
TI  - Burned-out: one nurse's experience.

PMID- 3366605
TI  - A management aid for the nurse supervisor.

PMID- 3366606
TI  - Nutrition in the elderly: a cultural viewpoint.

PMID- 3366607
TI  - The bridge.

PMID- 3366608
TI  - Patient satisfaction: how is it being addressed?

PMID- 3366609
TI  - Measuring the success of home health care.

PMID- 3366611
TI  - For nurses only: how to give a deposition.

PMID- 3366610
TI  - The Omaha system: providing a framework for assuring quality of home care.

PMID- 3366612
TI  - AIDS: education of home care aides.

PMID- 3366613
TI  - Structure, process, and outcome.

PMID- 3366614
TI  - Productivity: the eternal management challenge.

PMID- 3366615
TI  - Biodistribution of N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine in mice.
AB  - Biodistribution of N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) was evaluated in mice.
      After synthesis of IMP and exchange labeling with radioactive iodine, IMP was
      injected intravenously in male ddY mice. Activity in the brain reached 8.0
      (%dose/g), at 10 min after injection and it was almost constant till 120 min.
      Activities in the lung and heart were high just after injection, decreased
      rapidly and was almost constant from 30 to 120 min. Activity in the liver
      increased slowly compared with other organs, and reached peak level at 60 min. In
      autoradiography, almost the same activity in the spinal cord as the brain was
      observed. Uptake and excretion of IMP were shown in kidneys and stomach, which
      may be the main route of the excretion of IMP and their metabolites. We concluded
      IMP showed good uptake in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3366616
TI  - Distribution of 103Ru-chloride in tumor-bearing animals and the mechanism for
      accumulation in tumor and liver.
AB  - Tumor uptake rates of 103Ru-chloride were smaller than those for 67Ga-citrate. In
      three tumors and liver, 103Ru in the mitochondrial fraction containing lysosome
      increased with time after the administration of 103Ru-chloride. The concentration
      of 103Ru was more dominant in connective tissue (especially inflammatory tissue)
      than in viable tumor tissue or in necrotic tissue. Quite large amounts of 103Ru
      in the tumor and liver were bound to the acid mucopolysaccharide whose molecular
      masses exceeded 40,000. Behavior of this nuclide was essentially similar to that
      of 67Ga.

PMID- 3366617
TI  - Residualizing and non-residualizing analogues of low-density lipoprotein as
      iodine-123 radiopharmaceuticals for imaging LDL catabolism.
AB  - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) labeled via direct iodination or via the
      radioiodinated residualizing moiety tyramine-cellobiose (TC) were compared in
      rabbits as potential 123I radiopharmaceuticals for imaging sites of LDL
      catabolism. The tissue deposition of 131I-TC-LDL after 24 h as determined by
      dissection was in the major catabolic organs (liver, adrenals, spleen), and its
      plasma clearance was slower in rabbits with dietary hypercholesterolemia than in
      normals. 131I-LDL was unsuitable as a metabolic tracer due to redistribution of
      catabolites and/or loss of the label before protein degradation, which resulted
      in little accumulation of radioactivity in catabolic organs and high thyroid
      uptake. The plasma clearance half-time was similar (ca 22 h) for the two
      compounds in normal rabbits, but was increased to about 36 h for 131I-TC-LDL and
      decreased to approximately 9 h for 131I-LDL in hypercholesterolemic animals. The
      were similar with dynamic imaging of control and hypercholesterolemic rabbits
      using 123I-labeled analogues. 123I-TC-LDL rapidly localized in the liver, with
      low thyroid accumulation of radioactivity. The hepatic uptake of 123I-LDL was
      about half that of 123I-TC-LDL, and thyroid sequestration of radioactivity was
      significant for 123I-LDL but not 123I-TC-LDL. These data suggest that whereas the
      residualizing 123I-TC-LDL has a pharmacokinetic profile representative of
      lipoprotein metabolism, the biodistribution of the activity from injected 123I
      LDL is complicated by processes other than protein degradation. The results are
      discussed with regard to nuclear medicine applications in evaluating lipoprotein
      catabolism in man.

PMID- 3366618
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of technetium-99 methylene diphosphonate in growth
      sites of young mice.
AB  - Conflicting reports about the localization of 99mTc-MDP in bone and cartilage are
      found in the literature. Possible binding sites include hydroxyapatite and non
      osteoid matrix such as immature collagen. The present study used autoradiographs
      of demineralized and non-demineralized growth sites in young mice to demonstrate
      localization of 99Tc-MDP, and consequently 99mTc-MDP, in mineralizing cartilage
      and bone. Uptake of the isotope was seen in mineralizing bone and cartilage,
      associated with the mineral in contrast to the organic phase. The results
      indicate that bone seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) may detect
      alterations in the rate of mineralized phase in growth sites and thus has the
      potential to disclose skeletal growth disorders.

PMID- 3366619
TI  - The search for an 111In labeled agent for the solid component of gastric
      emptying.
AB  - 111In-labeled solid meal was prepared by chelation of 111In with Chelex resin
      bead. The effect of grinding of normal Chelex bead on 111In chelation and
      retention in solid meal was evaluated in an in vitro system. The Chelex resin
      beads were ground in a mortar-pestle to form ground Chelex resin beads. Fine
      particles were removed by resuspension in distilled water and centrifugation
      (1000 g). One hundred to 150 microCi of 111In chloride was diluted with 0.1 N HCl
      and mixed with 1 g of Chelex resin beads. Unbound 111In was removed by
      centrifugation (1000 g). The 111In-labeled Chelex resin beads were mixed with
      fresh egg and 111In-labeled solid meal was prepared by heating until solid. The
      meals were digested with HCl-pepsin (1.2 mg/mL of pepsin in 0.1 N HCl) for 4 h in
      a stirrer-bath (37 degrees C). Aliquots were collected at intervals for
      determination of 111In loss from 111In-labeled solid meal. These results suggest
      that 111In Chelex resin beads were retained in solid meals at a higher level than
      normal Chelex resin beads and other 111In-tracers.

PMID- 3366620
TI  - Dual tracer resorption and apposition in a rat fracture model.
AB  - The simultaneous measurement of tracer resorption and apposition in a rat
      fracture model was accomplished with 99mTc labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc
      MDP) and 125I labeled phenylphosphonic acid (125I-phi PA), respectively. Loss of
      125I-phi PA from the fracture site showed a biexponential release pattern; I =
      31% (t1/2b = 2.0 d) and II = 69% (t1/2b = 55.4 d). 99mTc MDP temporal apposition
      at the fracture site followed the law of allometric growth (y = bxk) with k =
      7.75, 10 days post injury. The 125I-phi PA loss differed significantly (P less
      than 0.001) when compared to normal bone which exhibits a monoexponential release
      with a t1/2b = 962 days. In the rat tibia fracture model investigated, bone
      apposition significantly (P less than 0.001) dominates over bone resorption as a
      function of time. This overwhelming difference partially accounts for the healing
      process. The apposition-resorption comparison may be a useful index for following
      the course of skeletal pathology for a variety of model systems.

PMID- 3366621
TI  - 99mTc bone scanning agents--IV. Chemical characterization of 99mTc(Sn)
      pyrophosphate complexes.
AB  - Various reaction mixtures for the preparation of 99Tc(Sn)-pyrophosphate were
      investigated by means of gel chromatography. All components were radioactively
      labeled. The most likely composition of the complexes, which also appear in "no
      carrier added" preparations, was determined. At pH 7 one complex is found with
      the composition TcPyp2. Two complexes are found at pH 4: TcPyp and TcPyp2.
      Further, at pH 7 a polymeric technetium compound is found not containing tin or
      pyrophosphate.

PMID- 3366622
TI  - Comparative evaluation of 99mTc-labeled aminothiols as possible brain perfusion
      imaging agents.
AB  - Several new 99mTc aminodithiols were prepared and evaluated comparatively in
      experimental animals. The ligands were diamine, triamine or tetramine dithiols.
      Substituents were either attached on one of the nitrogens or introduced in
      between the two nitrogens of diamino dithiol (DADT) backbone. 99mTc-derivatives
      prepared by coupling DADT to secondary amines via ethylene group showed in mice
      high initial brain uptake and significant retention in brain tissue. These
      preparations were mixtures of more than one 99mTc-complex differing in brain
      uptake and clearance from the brain. The highest brain retention (brain to blood
      ratio 2.53, 15 min p.i.) was achieved with the 99mTc-complex prepared by coupling
      DADT with ethylene pyrrolidine. Lengthening the chain between the nitrogens of
      DADT moiety by introducing methyl or amino alkyl groups resulted in 99mTc
      complexes with poor brain accumulation.

PMID- 3366623
TI  - A new PTP parameter as potential predictor of prostate cancer response to
      therapy.
AB  - The product coming from numerical values of blood testosterone and prolactin
      concentrations (both in ng/mL) was used in discriminating hormone dependent from
      hormonally refractory prostatic carcinoma. This parameter has been denoted as a
      PTP value and was tested clinically as potential predictor of prostate cancer
      response to therapy in 235 first presented patients. Numerical value of the PTP
      parameter below 10, if computed as described herein, indicates hormone
      insensitive prostate cancer which is treated initially with either chemohormonal
      or cytotoxic agents.

PMID- 3366624
TI  - Biodistribution of bis-[beta-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)ethyl]selenide-75Se diiodide,
      a potential articular cartilage imaging agent.
AB  - In an effort to develop a specific radiodiagnostic agent for articular cartilage
      imaging, we have investigated the biodistribution of bis[beta-(N,N,N
      trimethylamino)ethyl]-selenide-75Se diiodide (75Se BISTAES) in rabbits. At an
      intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg, the greatest localization of the compound occurred
      in articular cartilage 15 min after injection. The compound was excreted rapidly
      in the urine. The results suggest that 75Se BISTAES has potential clinical use as
      an articular cartilage imaging agent.

PMID- 3366625
TI  - Breeding structure of a colonising species: Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in the
      United States.
AB  - Allelic and genotypic frequencies were monitored at seven enzymatic loci in newly
      established Aedes albopictus (Skuse) populations in the United States.
      Populations were sampled within the cities of New Orleans, Louisiana, Houston,
      Texas, three counties surrounding Houston, Memphis, Tennessee, Jacksonville,
      Florida, and Evansville and Indianapolis, Indiana. Unique alleles and relatively
      high levels of heterozygosity were detected in New Orleans, Houston, surrounding
      counties and Indianapolis suggesting relatively large and independent
      introductions in these cities. No unique alleles and low heterozygosities were
      detected in Memphis, Evansville and Jacksonville suggesting that a population
      bottleneck may have accompanied the founding of these populations. The bottleneck
      may have resulted from a small number of founding individuals or may have been
      generated through repeated control efforts. Genetic distance estimates indicated
      that Houston, New Orleans and Indianapolis were genetically similar. Evansville
      and Memphis were also found to be similar. Significant differentiation of allele
      frequencies existed among and within cities. Variance in allele frequencies among
      all samples was partitioned into the variance among cities and among locations
      within cities. Most of the variance was attributable to local differentiation.
      The most parsimonious explanation of this result is that much genetic drift
      accompanied the establishment of local populations in cities and that there has
      been little subsequent gene flow. Analysis of genotypic frequencies detected a
      slight but consistent excess of homozygotes suggesting inbreeding.

PMID- 3366626
TI  - Can phenotypic variability of polygenic traits yield information regarding
      selection?
AB  - The relation between phenotypic variability and heterozygosity for a polyallelic
      polygenic trait is obtained using computer simulation. It is shown that unlike
      the di-allelic case, the variance of phenotypic score of the trait can increase
      or decrease depending on the allele frequency distribution. The relevance of this
      to selection is discussed.

PMID- 3366627
TI  - Biochemical variation in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.): are r-strategists
      among deer genetically less variable than K-strategists?
AB  - Tissue samples from 161 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) from 5 populations in
      Austria were screened for allelic variation at 41 presumptive genetic loci by
      means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The proportion of polymorphic
      loci ranged from 14.6 per cent to 19.5 per cent, the values for expected average
      heterozygosity from 3.5 per cent to 7.9 per cent. These values are among the
      highest ones yet found among deer species. The relationship between biochemical
      genetic variation, body size and ecological strategy of adaptation is discussed.

PMID- 3366628
TI  - Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance of newly-arisen chromosome
      rearrangements.
AB  - Seven centric shifts and three reciprocal interchanges, all newly-arisen in
      natural populations, have been tested for their inheritance in the dioecious
      flowering plant Rumex acetosa. In backcrosses between the heterozygote and
      standard plants transmissions ranged from 0.36 to 0.85 per gamete for the novel
      chromosome. The inheritance of only four rearrangements correspond to Mendelian
      expectations while others exhibited either drive or drag. Drive was observed both
      through the egg and through the pollen indicating heterogeneity of mechanisms in
      the generation of non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance. This suggests that
      accumulation may play a significant role in the establishment of chromosomal
      variants in natural populations.

PMID- 3366629
TI  - Parallelism between male mating propensity and chromosome arrangement frequency
      in natural populations of Drosophila ananassae.
AB  - Mating ability of different karyotypes due to sub-terminal (alpha or In(2L)A)
      inversion in 2L from two natural populations of Drosophila ananassae was
      investigated. The results show that the average number of females inseminated by
      a single male in 12-hour period varies for different karyotypes in males. The
      analysis of variance indicates that the differences are highly significant for
      males in both the populations studied. However, the averages for different
      karyotypes in females show no variation and thus homo- and heterokaryotypic
      females are equally receptive. The males heterozygous for inversion show greater
      mating propensity as compared with homokaryotypic males which provides evidence
      for heterosis associated with AL inversion in D. ananassae with respect to male
      mating activity. Furthermore, the comparison of male mating propensity with
      chromosome arrangement frequency in both the natural populations suggests that
      there is a correlation between mating propensity and chromosome arrangement
      frequency in natural populations of D. ananassae.

PMID- 3366630
TI  - Diploid models of the handicap principle.
AB  - "Fisherian" models of sexual selection by female choice assume that females
      prefer male characters which are initially advantageous or neutral; character and
      preference then spread through the population. Once female preference has evolved
      to a higher frequency, the male character can become more extreme and
      disadvantageous by the action of some force such as the "super-normal stimulus".
      By contrast, the "handicap principle" of sexual selection proposes that females
      should prefer more extreme, disadvantaged males: males who survive the
      disadvantage of the "handicap" must be fitter in other respects. Previous models
      of various forms of the "handicap principle" have shown that it is very unlikely
      to work as an alternative to the "Fisherian process". However, recent haploid
      models have shown that a "condition-dependent handicap" might evolve. Diploid
      models show that the "condition-dependent handicap" model does not work. Models
      of "handicaps" operating together with the "Fisherian process" are also
      presented. It is inferred that "Fisherian" models are more likely than "handicap"
      models to account for the evolution of male sexual ornaments, although a
      "handicap" mechanism may aid the operation of the "Fisherian process".

PMID- 3366631
TI  - Location of an autosomal factor causing sterility in Drosophila mojavensis males
      carrying the Drosophila arizonensis Y chromosome.
AB  - Drosophila mojavensis males whose Y chromosome is replaced by the Y of D.
      arizonensis, have immotile sperm. Sperm motility is restored if one member of the
      fourth autosome pair is also replaced by an arizonensis homologue. We present
      evidence that the effect of the fourth chromosome is due to a single Mendelian
      factor and map this factor relative to the two markers available for this
      chromosome. This is an essential first step towards understanding the nature of
      the incompatibility between the arizonensis Y chromosome and the mojavensis
      fourth chromosome responsible for this type of post-zygotic isolation between
      these closely related species.

PMID- 3366632
TI  - Measuring mating preferences: the use of Manly's beta.
AB  - The use of Manly's (1985) statistic beta, in mate choice experiments is
      discussed. Beta is a measure of the homogamic mating preference of one sex
      (usually females) of a strain. Beta has several advantages over previously
      proposed measures of deviation from random mating: (a) its sampling distribution
      is known and hence it can be used in establishing confidence intervals and in
      hypothesis testing; (b) this distribution is continuous and unimodal, even when
      fairly small numbers of individuals are used; (c) beta is not affected by changes
      in the numbers of individuals used (provided the preference remains constant);
      (d) it is not affected by changes in the ratios of the two strains, and (e) it is
      not affected by the proportions of females mated. Several properties of beta and
      its estimate from an experiment, beta, are derived and have been verified for a
      wide range of conditions using computer simulations. Their consequences for
      experiments attempting to quantify sexual isolation are discussed. Finally,
      statistics to measure the significance of beta values are given.

PMID- 3366633
TI  - Tubular lysosomes in rat and gerbil pinealocytes.
AB  - Ultracytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase (AcPase) in pinealocytes of
      rat and Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) has revealed an existence of
      tubular lysosomes (30-200 nm in diameter and more than 5 micron long) in their
      cytoplasm. The tubular lysosomes arise by bulging from GERL cisternae (Golgi
      apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes) and spread throughout the whole cell
      body without forming an anastomosing network. Numerous varicosities are
      characteristic for the tubular lysosomes whose similarity with grumose bodies has
      lead to conclusion that the vermiculate variety of the latter are almost
      certainly tubular lysosomes. The role of these organelles is unknown. Their
      possible engagement in a rapid cytoplasmic remodelling of the pinealocyte body in
      answer to various stimuli has been discussed.

PMID- 3366634
TI  - Flow cytometric determination of carbohydrates in human erythrocytes.
AB  - Carbohydrate components known from biochemical analysis to be present in
      peripheral normal human erythrocytes so far could not be detected cytochemically.
      By periodic acid oxidation followed by Schiff pararosaniline (SO2) staining,
      however, a specific fluorescent signal can be obtained, strong enough to allow
      measurement by flow cytometry. Dimethylsuberimidate fixation results in low
      autofluorescence and low staining of unoxidized cells. By treating erythrocyte
      ghosts similarly, it is found that about 20% of the signal is present in the
      membrane, most probably due to glycophorins. The main signal resides in the
      matrix of the fixed erythrocyte and may be due to traces of glycogen and to the
      glycosylation of proteins, especially hemoglobin.

PMID- 3366635
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of biogenic polypeptides in nerve cells and fibres of the
      guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglion after perturbations.
AB  - Immunohistochemistry of peptide- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-(DBH)-containing
      varicose nerve fibres and ganglion cells, respectively, in the guinea pig
      inferior mesenteric ganglion was investigated following a) transsection of
      mesenteric (colonic) branches, b) transsection of central (lumbar splanchnic,
      intermesenteric and hypogastric) branches, and c) transplantation into the
      spleen. The findings indicate that pathways of different opioid peptides are not
      identical. Met-enkephalin- and met-enkephalin-arg-phe- (cleavage products from
      pre-proenkephalin) containing fibres course in central branches to make contact
      in the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Dynorphin- and alpha-neo-endorphin-
      (deriving from pre-prodynorphin) containing fibres as well as leu-enkephalin-
      (included in the dynorphin sequence) fibres appear to rise not only from central
      and from enteric somata, but also from intraganglionic noradrenergic neurons.
      Similar pathways seem to be used by VIP- and by neurotensin-immunoreactive
      fibres, although intraganglionic neurotensin-immunoreactive cell bodies are rare.
      Practically all substance P- and most CGRP-immunoreactive fibres enter the
      ganglion via central branches and, to a large extent, traverse it, but some CGRP
      immunoreactive influx appears to come from the intestine. The origin of
      intraganglionic substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive fibres after ganglion
      transplantation remained unidentified. Somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y
      immunoreactive fibres predominantly have an intraganglionic origin as have DBH
      immunoreactive noradrenergic fibres. The demonstrated alterations in neuropeptide
      immunoreactivity of intraganglionic and periganglionic nerve fibres following the
      applied transsection procedures contribute to the present knowledge on origin and
      destination of peptidergic transmitter segments in the guinea pig inferior
      mesenteric ganglion. Moreover, the present study provides evidence that intrinsic
      participation in intraganglionic fibre supply is more extensive than hitherto
      believed.

PMID- 3366636
TI  - Quantitative succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry in the hippocampus of aged
      rats.
AB  - Quantitative histochemical methods (microphotometric kinetic and end-point
      measurements, and morphometric analyses of reactive areas) were used to
      investigate the levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in the hippocampus of
      young adult (3-6 months old) and aged male rats (24-27 months old).
      Methodological studies concerning the demonstration of SDH activity, which were
      performed using hippocampi of young animals, revealed a linear relationship
      between the reaction time and the amount of reaction product for up to 20 min;
      kinetic (continuous) and end-point measurements provided the same results. In a
      number of experiments, it was established that an incubation medium consisting of
      100 mM succinate, 10 mM sodium azide, 3 mM nitro blue tetrazolium chloride, 0.25
      mM phenazine methosulfate, and 7.5% polyvinylalcohol in 0.05 M Hepes buffer
      (final pH 7.5) was optimal for quantitative SDH histochemistry in the
      hippocampus. Comparative quantitative investigations of SDH activity in rat
      hippocampi showed that, in most regions and layers of the hippocampus of both
      young and aged rats, the levels of SDH activity increased along the rostrocaudal
      axis of the hippocampus, i.e., higher levels were present in the caudal than in
      the rostral pole. In both groups, the highest SDH levels were observed in the
      molecular layer of the cornu ammonis (CA)-1, the CA-3, and the fascia dentata
      (middle and outer thirds), most of which are termination fields of the excitatory
      perforant path arising from the regio ento-rhinalis. Furthermore, in almost all
      of the investigated layers, the older animals exhibited lower SDH levels than
      young animals. These differences were statistically significant in the molecular
      layer of the fascia dentata and in most layers of the CA-3. The lower SDH levels
      in aged animals are discussed in relation to the reduced capacity for energy
      metabolism in the aging brain.

PMID- 3366637
TI  - Strontium as a tracer to study the transport of calcium in the epiphyseal growth
      plate (electronprobe microanalysis).
AB  - At the mineralization front of the epiphyseal growth plate large quantities of
      calcium (Ca) are necessary to form the mineral (a Ca-phosphate). It is an
      unsolved problem, whether Ca is transported through the cells of the growth plate
      cartilage or extracellularly. Electronprobe microanalysis (EPMA) allows the
      quantitative, morphologically correlated analysis of elements. EPMA can
      discriminate only different elements. To investigate the transport of Ca,
      Strontium (Sr) is a very good tracer, as it resembles Ca in many biological
      reactions. Our results demonstrate that the transport of Sr from the blood into
      the growth plate and through the growth plate needs only one or a few minutes.
      The measured intracellular Sr and Ca concentrations are much lower than the
      extracellular ones, while the intracellular Sr/Ca ratio is not or only a little
      bit lower than the extracellular one. It must be concluded, that significant
      amounts of Ca are neither transported through nor accumulated in the cells of the
      growth plate cartilage. The main transport is an extracellular diffusion. Using
      Sr as a tracer for Ca new results on the behaviour of Ca could be received.

PMID- 3366638
TI  - CCK-immunoreactive terminals form different types of synapses in the rat and
      monkey hippocampus.
AB  - Electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical analysis of the types and patterns of
      synaptic contacts formed by cholecystokinin (CCK)-containing terminals in the CA1
      and CA3 region of the rat and monkey hippocampus reveals numerous symmetric
      synaptic contacts on cell bodies and dendritic shafts of pyramidal cells in both
      species. In the monkey, however, CCK-immunoreactive terminals also form
      asymmetric synaptic contacts with dendritic spines, such contacts are absent or
      very rare in the rat hippocampus. The present finding in primate hippocampus
      provides evidence that the same neuropeptides can be found in both symmetric and
      asymmetric contacts and may be added to other evidence challenging the
      traditional concept that symmetric synapses mediate exclusively inhibitory and
      asymmetric exclusively excitatory transmission. Furthermore, although our
      comparative analysis confirms considerable similarities in the distribution of
      CCK-containing elements in primate and rodent hippocampus it also revealed a
      potentially important difference in synaptoarchitecture that should be taken into
      account in extrapolations from one species to the other.

PMID- 3366639
TI  - Structural, histochemical and biochemical observations on horse milk-fat-globule
      membranes and casein micelles.
AB  - Horse milk fat globules (MFGs) and casein micelles were studied using freeze
      fracturing, freeze etching and thin-section electron microscopy, as well as
      lectin histochemistry, gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting. Horse MFGs were
      found to be relatively small, their average volume-surface diameter being about
      2.75 microns. The MFG membrane is composed of three layers: an inner
      proteinaceous coat occasionally having a paracrystalline substructure, a unit
      membrane, and a prominent filamentous glycocalyx. The last is rich in
      glycoconjugates, as revealed by its binding of various lectins. In addition, the
      glycocalyx binds cationized ferritin, which indicates the presence of negative
      electric charges. Gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of high-molecular
      weight glycoproteins in the MFG membrane of horse milk. Such glycoproteins are
      also present in human MFG membranes but are absent in the bovine MFGs. The casein
      micelles in horse milk are relatively large, their average volume-surface
      diameter being about 200 nm.

PMID- 3366640
TI  - New, improved lanthanide-based methods for the ultrastructural localization of
      acid and alkaline phosphatase activity.
AB  - New, improved techniques for the ultrastructural localization of acid and
      alkaline phosphatase activity using lanthanide cations as the trapping agent were
      developed. Delayed penetration of the capture ions and the incubation
      constituents into cellular compartments was prevented by pretreating specimens
      with borohydride/saponin. Both the concentration of the capture agent in the
      incubation medium and the incubation time of the tissue specimens were optimized
      to achieve a satisfactory cytochemical reaction and to avoid precipitation
      artefacts caused by local matrix effects. The conversion of cerium phosphate into
      the almost insoluble cerium fluoride minimized losses of the reaction product
      during postincubation processing. Moreover, lanthanum itself as well as
      lanthanides other than cerium, e.g., gadolinium and didymium (praseodymium,
      neodymium), were successfully applied and can be recommended as capture agents
      for phosphatase cytochemistry.

PMID- 3366641
TI  - Distribution pattern of alanine aminotransferase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Activities of the alanine aminotransferase were measured along the entire
      sinusoidal paths (1) between small portal tracts and central veins and (2)
      between regions of adjoining septal branches and central veins in the livers of
      male Wistar rats using a Lowry technique. The established profiles of enzyme
      activity give support to previous studies, suggesting functional heterogeneity of
      liver sinusoids and their abutting hepatocytes related to morphological
      differences of the sinusoidal bed.

PMID- 3366642
TI  - Nutritional and gonadal effects on the intra-acinar profiles of low-Km and high
      Km aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in rat liver.
AB  - Total and low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was measured in 50-150 ng
      microdissected liver tissue samples of the entire sinusoidal length. High-Km ALDH
      activity was calculated by subtracting the low-Km ALDH values from the total ALDH
      activity. Enzyme activity was measured by a microchemical assay, using the oil
      well technique with luminometric determination of NADH. The intra-acinar profiles
      of high-Km and low-Km ALDH activity could be demonstrated graphically for both
      male and female rats after 84 h of starvation, and after starvation and refeeding
      for 6 nights. In addition, the ALDH distribution patterns of juvenile, castrated,
      and castrated and testosterone-treated rats were determined. It could be
      demonstrated that starvation, and starvation followed by refeeding, lead to
      changes in enzyme activity which parallel the loss and regain of liver- and body
      weight. The nutritional factors do not essentially alter the normal intra-acinar
      profiles. In juvenile rats, ALDH is lower by 30% in comparison with the controls,
      but sex-differences in the distribution profiles are not yet present. Castration
      has no effect on the amount of enzyme activity but the sex specific distribution
      profiles are less marked. The main effect of testosterone treatment is an
      elevation of low-Km ALDH in the perivenous zone. The characteristics of the intra
      acinar profiles of high-Km and low-Km ALDH activity are discussed with respect to
      hepatic acetaldehyde oxidation and alcoholic liver damage.

PMID- 3366643
TI  - Surface sugar binding components of bovine spermatozoa as evidence by fluorescent
      neoglycoproteins.
AB  - In the present study, the topographical distribution of carbohydrate binding
      sites on the plasma membrane of bovine epididymal spermatozoa was investigated
      using 15 different fluorescent neoglycoproteins and asialoglycoproteins. With
      mannose-bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fluoresceinthiocarbamyl (FTC), mannose-6
      phosphate-BSA-FTC, lactose-BSA-FTC, maltose-BSA-FTC, asialolactoferrin-FTC and
      asialotransferrin-FTC a marked fluorescence was observed in the postacrosomal
      area. These results further substantiate the concept that carbohydrate binding
      sites of the spermatozoan plasma membrane and corresponding carbohydrates of the
      zona pellucida play a significant role in gamete interactions.

PMID- 3366644
TI  - Cationic ferritin uptake by cultured anterior pituitary cells treated with the
      proteinase inhibitor, BOC-DPhe-Phe-Lys-H.
AB  - Cultured cells from the anterior pituitary glands of adult rats were treated with
      the tripeptide aldehyde proteinase inhibitor, BOC-DPhe-Phe-Lys-H. The addition of
      this tripeptide aldehyde decreased the in vitro release of prolactin to 25% of
      the control value, while the release of growth hormone in the same cultures
      decreased to 33% of the control value. Prolactin immunostaining was stronger in
      semithin sections of proteinase-inhibitor-treated cultures than in control
      sections. After 2 h treatment with the inhibitor, prolactin- and growth hormone
      containing secretory granules were numerous, and the number of crinophagic
      vacuoles had increased. In the presence of the inhibitor, the overall
      cytoarchitecture of parenchymal cells was well preserved, and the pathway of the
      uptake of cationic ferritin appeared to be unaffected.

PMID- 3366645
TI  - An improved procedure for background correction in autoradiography.
AB  - In the event of weak autoradiographic labelling, the proportion of truly labelled
      cells or structures can be calculated from the frequency distributions of grains
      per area or cell structure for i = 0, 1,..., n grains using the results obtained
      for an experimental group after the application of a radioactively labelled
      substance and those obtained for a control group without radioactivity. The
      principle of this computer-aided method is also applicable when the grain counts
      are related to varying areas in histological sections.

PMID- 3366646
TI  - A note on the histochemical and morphological characterization of the asbestoid
      degeneration of cartilage.
AB  - Using only one histologic preparation and under the light microscope, the simple
      Picrosirius-polarization method permitted the histochemical characterization of
      the collagenous nature of amianthoid fibers in file cases of salivary gland
      tumors. In this regard the foregoing results agree with the electron microscopic
      and X-ray diffraction observations recorded in the literature. Not only did the
      Picrosirius-polarization method permit the precise characterization of the
      collagenous nature of asbestoid change but it was also useful for studying the
      degree of collagen polymerization in the lesion. Collagen molecules in the
      amianthoid fibers showed hyperpolymerization whereas the molecules in the compact
      areas were disoriented. Since the foregoing results demonstrate that the
      Picrosirius-polarization method is a simple and sensitive procedure for detecting
      asbestoid change in cartilage sections obtained from paraffin-embedded tissues,
      the usefulness of this technique for studying file cases is evident.

PMID- 3366648
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of lysosomal matrix vesicles in the arterial
      wall of the rat.
AB  - Following necrobiosis of the smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the vessel wall,
      lysosomes are still able to live for a time in the extracellular space. Here they
      are known as lysosomal matrix vesicles (MV). Their lysosomal origin can be
      confirmed by the immunocytochemical demonstration of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase
      (beta-NAG) in extracellular MV. A positive reaction to the enzyme-cytochemical
      test for acid phosphatase establishes that these lysosomal MV are enzymatically
      active. The role of the lysosomal MV in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases is
      seen in an uncontrolled, locally limited destruction and alteration of the
      intercellular substance.

PMID- 3366647
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in the Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus of the
      rat brain.
AB  - The local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured in different regions
      and layers of the Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus in the conscious rat. The LCGU
      was determined by quantitative [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography using a
      computerized image processing system. In the hippocampus, the various regions and
      layers exhibited different glucose consumptions, the lowest values being found in
      the alveus and the highest ones in the lacunosum-molecular layers of the sectors
      of the Ammon's horn and the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus' external limb.
      Additionally, in many layers, the LCGU values of the left hemispheres were found
      to be higher compared with the right hemispheres. The analysis of LCGU changes in
      rostrocaudal direction revealed, that in sector 1 of Ammon's horn and in the
      dentate gyrus the glucose consumption decreased from rostral to caudal levels,
      whereas in sector 3 of Ammon's horn an increase was found.

PMID- 3366649
TI  - Peptide immunoreactivity in developing entero-endocrine cells in endodermal
      grafts.
AB  - Presumptive endoderm was excised from 19-h chick or quail embryos and grafted,
      together with a fragment of notochord from a 48-h host chick embryo. After 14
      days the graft showed differentiation towards several digestive and respiratory
      tract structures. Entero-endocrine cells were demonstrated in these structures.
      Peptide immunoreactivity in these structures was similar to some extent to the
      peptide spectrum in corresponding regions during normal development, though the
      number of demonstrable peptides per region under the conditions of grafting
      appeared to be higher than in control conditions.

PMID- 3366650
TI  - Characteristic structures of serotonin neuron system. An immunohistochemical
      study.
AB  - Since 1982, the authors have carried out intensive immunohistochemical studies on
      the distribution of serotonin neurons in the central nervous system and have
      reported the distinctive structures of these nerve cells. In the present study,
      two characteristic findings are described with special regard to the
      histophysiological significance: (1) direct innervation of the cerebral arteries
      by central serotonin neurons and (2) the perineuronal ivylike serotonin plexus.

PMID- 3366651
TI  - Histochemical technique for the demonstration of pyruvate kinase activity.
AB  - We describe an enzyme histochemical multistep technique for the demonstration of
      pyruvate kinase activity. In this technique, a semipermeable membrane is
      interposed between the incubation medium and the tissue sections, thus preventing
      diffusion of the enzyme into the medium during the incubation period. In this
      histochemical system, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) donates its phosphate group to
      ADP in a reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase. Next, exogenous and endogenous
      hexokinase catalyses the reaction between ATP and D-glucose to yield D-glucose-6
      phosphate and ADP. The D-glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized by exogenous and
      endogenous D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and concomitantly, the generated
      electrons are transported via NADP+, phenazine methosulphate and menadione to
      nitro-BT, which is finally precipitated as formazan. Sodium azide and amytal are
      included to block electron transfer to cytochromes. The method proved to be of
      value for the qualitative demonstration of pyruvate kinase activity in tissue
      sections of kidneys, heart muscle and skeletal muscle. For quantitative studies
      and for investigating the activity of this enzyme in liver sections, the method
      cannot be recommended.

PMID- 3366652
TI  - Histochemistry of mucosubstances in the gallbladder epithelium of the chick
      embryo.
AB  - Mucosubstances of epithelial cells of the chick embryo gallbladder were
      investigated by histochemical methods from days 12-21 of incubation (stages 38
      46). On incubation day 14, only neutral mucins were detected; on day 15, neutral
      and sulfated mucosubstances were observed in the epithelial cells that invaginate
      the underlying mesenchyme. In the same sites, at day 16 of incubation, neutral,
      carboxylated and sulfated mucins were seen. From the 17th day of incubation until
      hatching, neutral, carboxylated and sulfated mucosubstances were present in the
      surface cells and in the cells lining the epithelial invaginations. During this
      period, the chemical characteristics of the secretory material are similar to
      those observed by Yamada and Hoshino (1972) in the fowl.

PMID- 3366653
TI  - Smooth muscle cells of the chicken aortic arch differ from those in the gizzard
      and the femoral artery in the distribution of F-actin, alpha-actinin and filamin.
AB  - The distribution of F-actin, alpha-actinin and filamin in smooth muscle cells of
      the chicken was examined by immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopy.
      Those from the gizzard, the femoral artery and the aortic arch were compared. F
      Actin labeled by NBD-phallacidin was seen diffusely distributed in the sarcoplasm
      in the gizzard and the femoral artery, but in the aorta it was observed as
      streaks and spots, with unstained areas in between. Epon sections of the aortic
      arch showed that bundles of thin myofilaments run in various directions
      interspersed with areas mostly occupied by intermediate filaments. alpha-Actinin
      labelling occurred in dense plaques along the sarcolemma in all the muscles
      examined. While dense bodies in the sarcoplasm were common and labelled for alpha
      actinin in the gizzard and the femoral artery, hardly any were seen in the aortic
      arch and little labelling for alpha-actinin was observed in the sarcoplasm.
      Filamin was concentrated along the periphery of dense bodies and plaques in the
      gizzard and the femoral artery, but it was seen diffusely in the sarcoplasm of
      the aortic muscle. After chemical skinning of the latter, filamin labelling
      persisted only in the F-actin bundles, and other areas became negative. The
      present results show that smooth muscle cells of the aortic arch contrast with
      those of the gizzard and even with those of the femoral artery in the
      distribution of F-actin, alpha-actinin and filamin. The mechanisms of contraction
      and/or stress maintenance in the aortic smooth muscle may be different from those
      in other smooth muscles.

PMID- 3366654
TI  - Histochemical and electron microscopical demonstration of the sympathetic nerve
      fibers joining to the fourth and the sixth cranial nerves in rats.
AB  - The localization of sympathetic fibers on the floor of the cranium was studied in
      rats using amine fluorescence histochemistry, neuropeptide-Y (NPY)
      immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The vast majority of amine
      fluorescent fibers joined the abducent nerve and were localized in the peripheral
      zone under the perineurium. After advancing along this nerve for some distance,
      the fibers diverged into many bundles that converged to form the cavernous plexus
      at a rostral end of the trigeminal ganglion. On the dorsal surface of the
      trigeminal ganglion, one or two medium-calibered fluorescent bundles ran inside
      or in close proximity to the trochlear nerve, while many small-calibered,
      brightly fluorescent bundles also extended longitudinally in the epidural
      connective tissue. In rats that had undergone nerve severance, NPY-immunoreactive
      fibers were detected at the cut ends of the abducent and trochlear nerve. The
      differing amounts of NPY accumulated at the rostral and the caudal stumps
      indicated the direction of the NPY-bearing fibers. Electron microscopy confirmed
      the presence of unmyelinated fibers in both the abducent and trochlear nerves.

PMID- 3366655
TI  - Autoradiographic studies on glucose utilization in individual zones of the rat
      thymus.
AB  - Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2-(14C)deoxyglucose and their
      thymuses were processed for thaw-mount autoradiography after 5, 10 or 35 min.
      Highest levels of radioactivity were demonstrated in the thymic medulla (5-fold
      higher than in the cortex). Scanning of autoradiograms for regional differences
      in grain densities indicated particularly intense glucose utilization in the
      cortico-medullary zone. Differences in glucose utilization between individual
      thymic zones seem to reflect differences in cellular composition, i.e., ratio of
      stroma cells to thymocytes.

PMID- 3366656
TI  - A study of the two-way transport of horseradish peroxidase across the visceral
      pleura.
AB  - The authors report on a study of the transpleural transport of horseradish
      peroxidase after intrapleural and intracardiac application. Following
      intrapleural introduction, a retention of the marker on the apical membrane of
      mesothelial cells was observed, with subsequent transcellular transfer after
      incorporation into microvesicles. Following intracardiac injection, the marker
      moved out of the pulmonary capillaries across the endothelial vesicles and
      progressed to the pleural cavity across the intercellular spaces and mesothelial
      vesicles. With either route of injection, reaction product was noted in the basal
      lamina of the mesothelium, elastic membrane, alveolar macrophages and pneumocytes
      type II.

PMID- 3366657
TI  - Comparison of brain ribonucleases of rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse and gerbil.
AB  - The brain ribonucleases of rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse and gerbil were
      investigated by histochemical and biochemical methods. For the localization, the
      ribonucleases were electrophoretically transferred from cryostat sections to
      polyacrylamide gels. Elevated ribonuclease activities were found in the cortex,
      the basal ganglia, the hippocampal formation and the ventricles, whereas the
      corpus callosum and the internal capsule exhibited lower activities. The total
      RNA degrading activities of the brain extracts of the different species varied in
      a wide range. However, a pre-requisite for the measurement of acid soluble
      degradation products in the test system was the inactivation of endogeneous
      ribonuclease inhibitors, present in all extracts. Molecular weight analysis by
      means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a characteristic set of
      ribonucleases for each species, consisting of enzymes with different pH-optima.

PMID- 3366658
TI  - A comparison of the localization of acetylcholinesterase in the rat brain as
      demonstrated by enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.
AB  - The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as revealed either by enzyme
      histochemical or by immunohistochemical methods was compared in distinct regions
      of the rat brain. In general, the localization of AChE observed was nearly the
      same, whether revealed by histochemical demonstration of its catalytic activity
      or by immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme molecule itself, in all regions
      investigated. Penetration problems of the antibodies, however, arose on strong
      myelin sheaths of the facial nerve, for instance, where no immunohistochemical
      staining was found though there was a relatively strong histochemical reaction.
      These problems could be partly solved by increasing the normal concentration of
      Triton X-100 added to the immunohistochemical solutions (0.1%) to 2.5%.
      Furthermore, it seems that sites containing low amounts of AChE could be better
      detected by the enzyme-histochemical method, whereas the depiction of structures
      (particularly of nerve fibres) was somewhat sharper with the immunohistochemical
      method.

PMID- 3366659
TI  - Genetic variation as a tool for histochemical localization of a nonspecific
      esterase.
AB  - A prominent esterase activity was demonstrated histochemically in the straight
      portion of the proximal tubules in kidney of the mouse strain DBA/2J after
      inhibition with bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate and subsequent staining, using 5
      bromoindoxyl acetate as substrate. In the strain PUC/1Fre, the corresponding
      esterase was only weakly expressed. By comparing data from the literature (von
      Deimling et al. 1981) with the characteristic features of this kidney esterase
      including substrate preference, sensitivity to inhibitors, solubility,
      histochemical location, and strain differences, it was concluded that it was
      identical with the previously electrophoretically defined esterase-16.

PMID- 3366660
TI  - Demonstration of negative tissue charges by means of polyethyleneimine-metal
      complexes.
AB  - Three polyethyleneimine-metal complexes were synthesized and cytochemically
      tested for demonstration of negatively charged sites. For this purpose rat
      cerebral cortex synaptosomes were used. It was established that both types of
      polyethyleneimine-copper complexes labeled the synaptosomal membrane and synaptic
      vesicles with electron-dense granules, whereas the polyethyleneimine-lead complex
      marked the anionic sites with amorphous electron-dense material.

PMID- 3366662
TI  - A histochemical comparison of human corneal stromal glycoconjugates with eight
      other species. Distinct species-dictated differences in binding sites of
      Griffonia simplicifolia I.
AB  - Frozen sections of human, calf, rabbit, rat, cat, dog, goat, lamb, and hog
      corneas were stained with various lectins using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase
      complex to study glycoconjugates of stromal matrix. Staining of the stromal
      matrix and keratocytes with an alpha-galactose-specific lectin, Griffonia
      simplicifolia I (GSA-I) was species-dependent. The stromal matrices of cat, dog,
      and hog corneas invariably reacted intensely with this lectin, whereas those of
      the human, calf, rabbit, rat, and lamb did not react. A positive reaction with
      GSA-I could be abolished in each instance by preincubation of the sections with
      alpha-galactosidase. The stromal matrices and keratocytes of all nine species
      reacted positively with wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin A, and Ricinus
      communis agglutinin but did not react with soybean agglutinin. Results of this
      study may help select an appropriate animal model for further investigate human
      corneal stromal glycoconjugates.

PMID- 3366661
TI  - Dipeptidyl peptidases in the soleus muscle of the rat before and after treatment
      with 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - A moderate peptidase activity against L-lysyl-L-proline-4-methoxy-beta
      napththylamide was detected histochemically in unfixed sections of soleus muscle
      fibres of inbred male Wistar rats using two variants of the semipermeable
      membrane technique. One variant involved simultaneous coupling with tetrazotised
      3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, the other post-coupling. The activity at pH 6 increased
      approximately three-fold in many fibres showing signs of insult in rats that had
      been given a single low dose of 5-hydroxytryptamine (10 mg/kg body weight) 48-72
      h earlier. The hydroxytryptamine treatment was found to induce a selective
      myopathy. Some of the increased peptidase activity within insulted muscle fibres
      appeared to arise from invading mononuclear cells, but the majority seemed
      endogenous to muscle fibres. The peptidase activity persisted in some fibres 21
      28 days after 5-hydroxytryptamine administration, by which time the whole muscle
      appeared histologically normal. The variation of the activity of the peptidase
      with pH in the presence of various inhibitors was investigated in both control
      and insulted muscle fibres. From its sensitivity and behaviour towards Zn2+,
      Hg2+, Cu2+, puromycin, benzethonium chloride and phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride
      and its indifference towards Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+ and o-phenanthroline, it is
      concluded that the activity can be attributed to a mixture of at least two
      peptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase II and an unidentified neutral dipeptidyl
      peptidase. The possible role of the peptidase(s) in muscle regeneration in
      discussed.

PMID- 3366663
TI  - Distribution and organization of the elastic system fibres in healthy human
      gingiva. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The ultrastructural distribution and organization of the elastic system fibres,
      i.e. oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres, were studied by transmission electron
      microscopy and by an immunohistochemical method for the detection of elastin in
      healthy human gingiva. The morphological distribution of these fibres was
      characterized by the presence of oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres,
      respectively, in the upper, medium, and deep layers of gingival connective
      tissue. Anti-elastin antibody reacted with microfibrils and amorphous material of
      the elastic system fibres throughout the gingival connective tissue. These
      findings were interpreted as indicating that the microfibrils were associated
      with small amounts of elastin at their surface.

PMID- 3366664
TI  - Heterogeneity of the ciliary epithelium of the rat eye as revealed by spot 35
      protein (a Purkinje cell specific protein)-like immunoreactivity.
AB  - By means of immunoreactivity for spot 35 protein, a novel cerebellar Purkinje
      cell-specific protein, the regional heterogeneity among non-pigmented ciliary
      epithelial cells of rats was demonstrated with reference to the antero-posterior
      and crest-valley directions of individual ciliary epithelial folds in immature
      and mature eyes. The functional significance of the occurrence of the spot 35
      immunoreactivity in the posterior portion of the ciliary epithelium is briefly
      discussed in relation to the formation of the aqueous humor.

PMID- 3366665
TI  - Identification of cell types in Sertoli cell-enriched cultures by
      immunocytochemistry and DNA-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342.
AB  - The cell types in Sertoli cell-enriched cultures can be identified by using the
      DNA-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 staining. This simple, rapid and
      reproducible procedure can be used with fixed and living cells. The peritubular
      myoid cells can be distinguished from the Sertoli cells in Sertoli cell-enriched
      cultures by the characteristic staining pattern obtained using Hoechst 33342 dye.
      Those cells identified as peritubular myoid cells by the characteristic DNA
      staining also interacted with the anti-fibronectin antibody determined by an
      immunocytochemical method while the Sertoli cells did not. The described staining
      method is valuable in assessing the presence of peritubular myoid cells in
      Sertoli cell-enriched cultures.

PMID- 3366666
TI  - Scanning microfluorometric measurement of cell constituents. Principles of the
      method and its application to the determination of NAD content and redox state of
      XTH-2 cells in culture.
AB  - The scanning of fluorescence of a cell culture along a path several milimeters
      long, gives a series of signals, which allow calculation of the fluorescence
      emitted per cell. The emission at 450 +/- 10 nm, excited at 360 nm, provides a
      measure of NADH (and NADPH) per cell. Combination of this method with
      modifications in energy metabolism, allows determination in the same sample of
      total NAD content, of NAD redox state, content of NAD in the mitochondria and
      content of NAD plus NADP in the cytoplasm. The method can be extended to measure
      other cellular constituents by labelling with fluorescent markers, e.g.
      antibodies.

PMID- 3366667
TI  - Combined use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry for the
      investigation of prolactin gene expression in immature, pubertal, pregnant,
      lactating and ovariectomised rats.
AB  - We have investigated the use of in situ hybridisation together with
      immunocytochemistry for the study of endocrine cell function, using as an example
      the expression of prolactin messenger RNA (mRNA) in pituitaries of rats under
      various endocrinological conditions. In situ hybridisation using a 32P-labelled
      cRNA probe for rat prolactin was carried out on sections of 4% paraformaldehyde
      fixed pituitaries from prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant, lactating and
      ovariectomised rats and adjacent sections were immunostained for prolactin.
      Northern gel analysis was performed on total RNA extracts of pregnant, lactating
      and control pituitaries. While in ovariectomised rat pituitaries both prolactin
      immunoreactivity and prolactin mRNA were decreased, no differences in prolactin
      immunostaining were seen between prepubertal, pubertal, pregnant or lactating
      rats and controls, even when the supra-optimal dilution technique was used.
      However, using in situ hybridisation, prolactin mRNA signal was increased in
      prepubertal rats, and with hybridisation and northern gel analysis the signal was
      reduced in pregnant rats and markedly increased in lactating rats. The combined
      use of in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry provides morphological
      information concerning endocrine gene expression and protein synthesis in the
      pituitary gland.

PMID- 3366669
TI  - Treatment or prevention?

PMID- 3366668
TI  - Enhancement of maternal and fetal nephrotoxicity of salicylate by zinc
      deficiency. Morphological, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.
AB  - An oral dose of 700 mg/kg salicylic acid was given to normal and Zn-deficient
      rats at day 16 of gestation. Maternal and fetal kidneys were studied at day 19 of
      gestation. Zn-deficiency did not cause any lesions detectable by semi-thin
      section light microscopy, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry and
      immunohistochemistry. Salicylate may lead only to small morphological, enzymatic
      and cytoskeletal defects in the maternal and fetal kidney. However, enzyme
      activities decreased in plasma membranes, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic
      reticulum and peroxisomes in all segments of the tubular apparatus when
      salicylate was given to Zn-deficient rats. Cytoskeletal proteins such as keratin
      in the glomerular cells and epithelial lining of the collecting ducts and
      vimentin in vascular endothelial cells of the maternal kidney were also affected.
      In addition, the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts, which were
      comparatively less damaged, accumulated high amounts of fat. In severe cases, the
      enzymatic and cytoskeletal lesions were accompanied by hematuria and tubular
      necroses including and collecting ducts in the renal papilla. In less severe
      cases reduced activities of brush border hydrolases were the only sign of
      disturbed renal function in maternal rats indicating that membrane alteration and
      loss of membrane-bound enzymes are the primary defects. In the fetal kidneys,
      mitotic activity of the cells of the nephron anlagen and collecting ducts was
      reduced and enzymatic and morphological differentiation were disturbed. As a
      consequence less mature nephrons and collecting ducts occurred.

PMID- 3366670
TI  - Terbutaline in the treatment of preterm labor: a comparison of intravenous and
      subcutaneous administration.

PMID- 3366671
TI  - Pitfalls in the management of panic disorder.

PMID- 3366672
TI  - Taking charge of your migraine.

PMID- 3366673
TI  - Overlap in the animal health professions--some legal considerations.

PMID- 3366674
TI  - The model veterinary drug code--what could it mean?

PMID- 3366675
TI  - Enzootic mycoplasmal mastitis in a large dairy during an eight-year period.
AB  - During an 8-year period, a study was conducted in a large dairy in the Sacramento
      Valley of California, to define factors associated with the introduction and
      spread of mycoplasmal mastitis. To identify cows in which mycoplasmal infection
      appeared in 22 of 25 (88%) periods of new infection, milk samples were collected
      weekly from freshened cows and from hospitalized cows with clinical mastitis. The
      disease first appeared in freshened cows in at least 36% of the periods of new
      cases of mycoplasmal mastitis, which indicated that special attention must be
      paid to freshening cows in an attempt to control spread of the disease. New cases
      of mycoplasmal mastitis were recorded more often in January through April than
      during the rest of the year. Rates of mastitis infection caused by other
      pathogens (contagious and environmental organisms) increased during months when
      new cases of mycoplasmal mastitis were recorded. Sanitation on the farm during
      udder infusion and milking was a major factor in controlling the introduction and
      spread of mycoplasmal mastitis.

PMID- 3366676
TI  - Efficacy of clorsulon against Fascioloides magna infection in sheep.
AB  - In a study to evaluate the efficacy of clorsulon against Fascioloides magna
      infection in sheep, 12 ewes were inoculated orally with 100 metacercariae of F
      magna, and 6 were treated with clorsulon (15 mg/kg of body weight) 8 weeks after
      inoculation. The sheep were euthanatized 16 weeks after inoculation, flukes were
      recovered, and the liver and other tissues were subjectively scored for the
      severity of lesions (0 to 4+). The number of flukes recovered from the clorsulon
      treated group (3.8 +/- 1.2 flukes) was significantly (P = 0.025) lower than the
      number of flukes recovered from the group of untreated controls (10.0 +/- 6.6
      flukes). The severity of lesions was significantly (P = 0.004) reduced (45.9%) in
      the treated group (2.0 +/- 1.1), compared with that in the untreated controls
      (3.7 +/- 0.5). In the untreated group, 3 sheep died and 1 became moribund 14 to
      16 weeks after inoculation. The data suggested that a single treatment with
      clorsulon at a dosage of 15 mg/kg 8 weeks after inoculation was not effective in
      preventing F magna infection in sheep, because the survival of only a few F magna
      is potentially fatal in sheep within 6 months after infection.

PMID- 3366677
TI  - Diagnosis of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Dirofilaria immitis infections in
      cats from a human shelter.
AB  - During a 6-month period, 108 sexually mature stray cats were euthanatized at a
      humane shelter in Alabama. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was identified in 20 of the
      cats (18.5%) by Baermann fecal examination, necropsy, or histologic examination.
      The Baermann fecal examination was a more sensitive test for aelurostrongylosis
      than was necropsy or histologic examination. Thoracic radiography was useful in
      identifying infected cats, but was a less sensitive and more nonspecific method
      of detection than was the fecal examination. Changes in CBC and serum protein
      concentrations were not helpful identifying cats with aelurostrongylosis. Six of
      17 (35%) heartworm-free, lungworm-infected cats had antibodies to Dirofilaria
      immitis, as determined by an ELISA method, but none had circulating D immitis
      antigen, as determined by an ELISA method. Three (2.8%) cats had D immitis. Two
      of the heartworm-infected cats had no detectable antemortem radiographic or
      clinicopathologic evidence of the infection. Results of ELISA were positive for
      antibodies to adult heartworms in 2 cats and for circulating heartworm antigen in
      2 cats. One cat that had only one heartworm had no detectable circulating
      heartworm antigen.

PMID- 3366678
TI  - Megacolon with myenteric hypoganglionosis in a foal.
AB  - A 6-month-old Clydesdale filly had chronic abdominal distention and intermittent
      febrile episodes. Abdominal surgery revealed impaction of the right dorsal colon,
      which was relieved by evacuation of contents through an enterotomy. Four days
      after surgery, abdominal distention recurred and progressed. The filly was
      euthanatized. Necropsy revealed the right dorsal colon to be markedly distended
      with digesta. Microscopically, there was a marked reduction in myenteric ganglion
      cells in the right dorsal colon and cecum and mild to moderate reduction of
      myenteric ganglion cells in the left ventral and transverse colon.

PMID- 3366679
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation in a neonatal foal.
AB  - High-frequency jet ventilation was performed on a premature foal for respiratory
      difficulty attributable to in utero-acquired pneumonia. The procedure involves
      delivery of compressed gas through a small-bore cannula at frequencies up to 400
      cycles/min. Ventilation settings of drive pressure, frequency, and FIO2 were
      varied to optimize PaO2 and PaCO2 values. The foal was ventilated with this
      equipment for 14 hours. Evidence of a favorable response to this method of
      ventilation was observed in the form of improvement in arterial blood gas values
      as well as the foal's attitude and degree of respiratory effort. High-frequency
      jet ventilation appears to be a useful method of ventilation for respiratory
      disease in neonatal foals; however, there remains no clear-cut advantage over
      conventional positive-pressure ventilation.

PMID- 3366680
TI  - Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis in a cow.
AB  - Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis developed in a mature Holstein cow without
      evidence of preexisting renal disease. Factors possibly predisposing to the
      nephrotoxicosis included coadministration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drug and severe gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The cow recovered after prolonged
      hospitalization.

PMID- 3366681
TI  - Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder in a dog.
AB  - A 9-year-old Bullmastiff with hematemesis was determined to have primary
      neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Despite the dismal prognosis when
      these unusual tumors are located in the liver, the hematemesis resolved, and
      there was no obvious tumor regrowth in this dog 10 months after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 3366682
TI  - Papillary squamous cell carcinoma in three young dogs.
AB  - Papillary squamous cell carcinomas were located on the gingiva of 3 young dogs.
      The tumors locally invaded the soft tissues of each dog, and invaded bone in 2
      dogs. Surgical excision was unsuccessful in eliminating 2 of the tumors. Surgery
      and radiotherapy were effective, and recurrence has not been observed in 39
      months in 1 dog, 32 months in a second, and 10 months in a third. Superficially,
      the oral masses resembled papillomas, which are known to be caused by viruses.
      Cytopathologic indication of productive infection was not evident, and
      papillomavirus antigens could not be detected by immunohistochemical methods.
      Electron microscopy failed to identify viral particles in 2 of the tumors. High
      and low molecular weight DNA extracts from 2 of the tumors contained no
      detectable papillomavirus genome when probed under conditions of either high or
      low stringency by Southern blot hybridization with a cloned canine oral
      papillomavirus genome.

PMID- 3366683
TI  - Urethral recess in two male llamas.
AB  - Contrast radiography revealed a urethral recess in 2 male llamas, and, in 1, an
      incidental cyst in the wall of the pelvic urethra. The urethral recess was
      similar to that found in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels. The presence of a
      urethral recess in llamas makes catheterization of the urinary bladder as
      difficult in this species as it is in the other species with urethral recesses.

PMID- 3366684
TI  - Permanent tracheostomy in Equidae: 47 cases (1981-1986).
AB  - Between 1981 and 1986, permanent tracheostomy was performed in 46 ponies and 1
      adult Quarter Horse. Tracheostomies of 19 ponies and the horse were examined in
      June 1986 and evaluated for vertical length of stomal orifice (mean = 25.0 +/-
      4.7 mm in the ponies and 55 mm in the horse), degree of tracheal obstruction
      (0/20), regrowth and apposition of epidermis (3/20), and whether or not stomal
      airflow occurred with nasal occlusion (20/20). In addition, the animals were
      evaluated to determine whether dyspnea developed during exercise. Records of 27
      ponies were evaluated. Six of the 27 were not dyspneic with exercise at their
      last routine physical examination. Twenty-one ponies had died or had been
      euthanatized, but only 5 of these deaths were attributed to complications
      associated with the respiratory tract; 3 ponies had collapsing tracheas and 2 had
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The permanent tracheostomy technique
      provided a functional and cosmetic airway and was associated with a low rate of
      complications.

PMID- 3366685
TI  - Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of alkalemia in dogs: 20 cases (1982
      1984).
AB  - Alkalemia (pH greater than 7.50) was measured in 20 dogs admitted over a 3-year
      period for various clinical disorders. Alkalemia was detected in only 2.08% of
      all dogs in which blood pH and blood-gas estimations were made. Thirteen dogs had
      metabolic alkalosis (HCO3- greater than 24 mEq/L, PCO2 greater than 30 mm of Hg),
      of which 8 had uncompensated metabolic alkalosis, and of which 5 had partially
      compensated metabolic alkalosis. Seven dogs had respiratory alkalosis (PCO2 less
      than 30 mm of Hg, HCO3- less than 24 mEq/L); 4 of these had uncompensated
      respiratory alkalosis and 3 had partially compensated respiratory alkalosis. Ten
      dogs had double or triple acid-base abnormalities. Dogs with metabolic alkalosis
      had a preponderance of clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal disorders
      (10 dogs). Overzealous administration of sodium bicarbonate or diuretics, in
      addition to anorexia, polyuria, or hyperbilirubinemia may have contributed to
      metabolic alkalosis in 8 of the dogs. Most of the dogs in this group had low
      serum K+ and Cl- values. Two dogs with metabolic alkalosis had PCO2 values
      greater than 60 mm of Hg, and 1 of these had arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 less than
      80 mm of Hg). Treatments included replacement of fluid and electrolytes (Na+, K+,
      and Cl-), and surgery as indicated (8 dogs). Six dogs with respiratory alkalosis
      had a variety of airway, pulmonary, or cardiac disorders, and 3 of these had
      arterial hypoxemia. Two other dogs were excessively ventilated during surgery,
      and 1 dog had apparent postoperative pain that may have contributed to the
      respiratory alkalosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366686
TI  - A model for risk assessment of organoleptic postmortem inspection procedures for
      meat and poultry.

PMID- 3366687
TI  - Metabolites of microorganisms. 242 pyridindolol glucosides from Streptomyces
      parvulus.
AB  - From a new strain of Streptomyces, Streptomyces parvulus, strain Tu 2480 three
      glucosides of the alkaloid pyridindolol were isolated. The structure elucidation
      is based on spectroscopic investigations and degradation to pyridindolol and
      alpha,D-methyl glucoside.

PMID- 3366688
TI  - A new immunomodulator, FR-900483.
AB  - FR-900483 is a new immunoactive substance produced by a fungus, Nectria lucida F
      4490. Concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, which had been
      suppressed by addition of immunosuppressive factor, was restored to a normal
      level by the addition of FR-900483. Furthermore, FR-900483 restored the capacity
      of immunosuppressed mice to produce antibody against sheep red blood cells.

PMID- 3366689
TI  - Structure and biological activity of lipiarmycin B.
AB  - Actinoplanes deccanensis ATCC 21983, the producer of antibiotics lipiarmycin A3
      and A4, furnished also a related antibiotic designated lipiarmycin B, active
      against Gram-positive bacteria, including anaerobes, and against Neisseria. The
      structures of the two major components, B3 and B4, were elucidated from their
      physico-chemical properties, 1H and 13C NMR spectra and fast atom bombardment
      mass spectra data in comparison with lipiarmycins A3 and A4.

PMID- 3366690
TI  - cis-Halovinylthioacetamido side chain, a new effective structural element for 7
      beta-substitution in cephem and oxacephem antibiotics. I. 7 beta-cis
      Chlorovinylthioacetamino-7 alpha-methoxy-1-oxacephems.
AB  - The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7 beta-(substituted vinylthioacetamido)-1
      oxacephem antibiotics are described. The compounds having a cis
      chlorovinylthioacetamido group at C-7 showed high activity against Gram-positive
      as well as Gram-negative bacteria. The most interesting compound of the series
      was 51 I because of its high activity and high plasma level in mice.

PMID- 3366691
TI  - cis-Halovinylthioacetamido side chain, a new effective structural element for 7
      beta-substitution in cephem and oxacephem antibiotics. II. 7 beta-cis
      Fluorovinylthioacetamino-7 alpha-methoxy-1-oxacephems.
AB  - The synthesis and in vitro activity of 1-oxacephem derivatives having a
      substituted or a non-substituted cis-fluorovinylthioacetamido side chain at C-7
      are described. Of these new 1-oxacephem antibiotics, 2355-S (42a) shows good
      antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and very
      favorable pharmacokinetic properties.

PMID- 3366692
TI  - Chemical modification of steffimycin B.
AB  - Fifteen 3-substituted analogues of steffimycin B (1) have been synthesized and
      their activity against P388 murine leukemia has been determined. Three of these
      were substantially more active than the parent compound.

PMID- 3366693
TI  - Synthesis of beauvericin by a multifunctional enzyme.
AB  - Beauvericin synthetase, a multifunctional enzyme catalyzing depsipeptide
      formation in Beauveria bassiana was purified to near homogeneity. The enzyme
      consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of about 250
      kdaltons. The mechanism of beauvericin formation is very similar to that of the
      cyclohexadepsipeptide enniatin. The constituents of the beauvericin molecule, L
      phenylalanine and D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid are activated as thioesters via
      the corresponding adenylates. N-Methylation takes place at the thioester bound
      stage of the phenylalanine residues. Omission of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L
      methionine results in the formation of demethylbeauvericin. Studies on substrate
      specificity revealed that phenylalanine could be replaced by a number of other
      aromatic or aliphatic amino acids like beta-phenylserine, ortho-, meta-, para
      fluorophenylalanine, isoleucine, norleucine and leucine. Valine, the constituent
      amino acid of enniatin B was not accepted by the enzyme.

PMID- 3366694
TI  - Effect of B-factor and its analogues on rifamycin biosynthesis in Nocardia sp.
AB  - B-Factor, 3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine, which was isolated from yeast extract,
      is an inducer of rifamycin production in a rifamycin non-producing Nocardia
      mutant. Feeding of B-factor to the mutant culture demonstrated that the induction
      process was triggered during early stationary phase. Rifamycin production in the
      mutant was also induced by an exogenous supply of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid,
      an intermediate of the antibiotic pathway, suggesting that a step upstream from
      the intermediate is regulated by B-factor. B-Factor analogues, i.e., alkylesters
      of 3'-AMP with alkyl side chains of C(2) approximately C(12) and n-butyl esters
      of 3'-GMP and 2'-AMP all showed the B-factor activity. Among these n-octyl ester
      of 3'-AMP showed the lowest effective concentration of approximately 3 x 10(-10)
      M. An intrinsic substance of the Nocardia sp. with potent B-factor activity and a
      UV absorption maximum at 260 nm was isolated from the cells of the parental
      strain.

PMID- 3366696
TI  - In vitro activity of the killer toxin from yeast Hansenula mrakii against yeasts
      and molds.

PMID- 3366695
TI  - Precursors in the biosynthesis of FR-900482, a novel antitumor antibiotic
      produced by Streptomyces sandaensis.

PMID- 3366697
TI  - Paxisterol, a new analgesic sterol without anti-inflammation activity from
      Penicillium.

PMID- 3366698
TI  - The structure of SN-07 chromophore.

PMID- 3366699
TI  - Ovulation in postpartum beef cows treated with estradiol.
AB  - The effect of implants of estradiol on initiation of ovarian cycles postpartum
      was studied in 201 anestrous beef cows. Cows from four farms were used over a 2
      yr period in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with estradiol implants
      and stage postpartum as main effects. Cows were assigned at random within date of
      calving within farm to receive an ear implant containing estradiol-17 beta (24
      mg) for 21 d or to serve as controls. Stages postpartum at implantation were
      divided into less than or equal to 25, 26 to 39, and greater than or equal to 40
      d, three stages that should reflect potential changes in hypothalmic-hypophysial
      sensitivity to estradiol. Blood samples for determination of progesterone were
      obtained and rectal examinations of the ovaries performed at implant insertion,
      14 d after insertion, at implant removal (d 21), and 14 d after removal (d 35) to
      assess ovulatory response to treatment. Circulating concentrations of estradiol
      on d 14 of treatment averaged 3.2 +/- 1.0 and 23.1 +/- 4.7 pg/ml for control and
      estradiol-treated cows, respectively. Compared with control cows, treatment with
      estradiol initiated after d 26 postpartum increased the proportion of cows that
      ovulated during the experimental period. No differences were seen in the average
      days postpartum when cows were first determined to have ovulated.

PMID- 3366700
TI  - Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status, mineral concentrations and digestive
      function of lactating cows in natural or chamber heat stress environments.
AB  - Effects of heat stress on multiparous lactating Holstein cows were evaluated in a
      continuous design in natural environments (a shade management system vs no shade,
      n = 6/treatment, early- to mid-lactation cows) and in a single-reversal design in
      climatic chambers (thermoneutral vs thermal stress, n = 4/treatment, mid- to late
      lactation cows). Objectives were to compare effects of nycterohemeral heat stress
      vs nonheat stress environments on acid-base status, mineral concentrations and
      rates of ruminal liquid dilution and solid phase digesta turnover. In the shade
      vs no shade experiment, the complete mixed diet consisted of 38% corn silage and
      62% corn-based concentrate mix. In the chamber experiment, the diet consisted of
      40% alfalfa haylage and 60% corn-based concentrate mix. In both experiments,
      respiration rates, rectal temperatures, blood and urine were sampled hourly for
      26 h. Measurements of rectal temperature, respiration rate and blood gas
      composition indicated that chamber heat stress simulated natural heat stress. In
      both experiments, cows exhibited signs of respiratory alkalosis only during hours
      of heat stress. Ruminal turnover rates of liquid were measured with chromium
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate and solid turnover rates with ytterbium-marked fecal
      fiber, both dosed through the ruminal cannula. Turnover rates of liquid and solid
      digesta and total volatile fatty acids were lower in the heat stress vs the
      thermoneutral environment. The results illustrate the necessity of frequent
      sampling to characterize nycterohemeral patterns of physiological measurements
      during heat stress.

PMID- 3366701
TI  - Adipose tissue, longissimus muscle and anterior pituitary growth and function in
      clenbuterol-fed heifers.
AB  - The present study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding clenbuterol
      on adipose tissue and longissimus muscle growth in heifers. For 50 d, 14 heifers
      were fed either a sucrose-based, clenbuterol supplement or a placebo in which the
      clenbuterol had been omitted. The heifers were slaughtered in two groups, based
      on initial weight. Adipose tissue from several anatomical sites and longissimus
      muscle (depending on slaughter group) were obtained fresh at slaughter. Changes
      in carcass characteristics elicited by clenbuterol were similar to those reported
      by others for steers and sheep. Subcutaneous (sc) and intramuscular (im), but not
      perirenal, adipocytes were smaller and there were more cells per g tissue in the
      adipose tissue depots of the clenbuterol-fed heifers. Clenbuterol decreased
      lipogenic enzyme activities, fatty acid-binding protein activity, basal lipolysis
      and acetate incorporation into glyceride-fatty acids (P less than .05) in sc
      adipose tissue, but had no effect (P greater than .05) on lipogenesis or
      lipolysis in im adipose tissue. Clenbuterol elicited a 20% increase in type II
      myofiber diameters (P less than .05) but had no effect on type I myofiber
      diameters. In vitro growth hormone release by perifused anterior pituitaries was
      not affected significantly by long-term in vivo exposure to clenbuterol. These
      data indicate that a depression in lipogenesis is the mechanism by which
      clenbuterol decreases subcutaneous fat accretion in cattle.

PMID- 3366702
TI  - Effects of supplemental potassium and sodium chloride salts on ruminal turnover
      rates, acid-base and mineral status of lactating dairy cows during heat stress.
AB  - Effects of added dietary sodium and potassium chloride salts on ruminal turnover
      rates, acid-base balance and mineral status of lactating dairy cows experiencing
      a nycterohemeral cycle of heat stress were examined. Black globe-humidity index
      in the chambers averaged 94 during the daytime and 68 during the nighttime. Four
      ruminally cannulated multiparous Holstein cows in mid-lactation were confined in
      climatic chambers for a single-reversal experiment consisting of two 17-d
      periods. To the basal diet (50% corn silage: 50% concentrate, which contained
      .97% potassium, .19% sodium and .20% chloride), 1.25% sodium chloride plus 1.85%
      potassium chloride were added, making the high mineral treatment (1.93%
      potassium, 68% sodium and 1.85% chloride). Liquid dilution rates from the rumen
      were measured by chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetate disappearance. Turnover
      rates of solids were determined by appearance of ytterbium in feces. Ruminal
      contents, arterial blood and urine were collected hourly for 26 h. Grab samples
      of feces were sampled over 6 d. Dry matter intakes and milk yields were not
      affected by the diets (averaging 17.8 and 21.1 kg/d, respectively). Cows fed the
      high mineral diet drank 17% more water (P less than .01). Tests for homogeneity
      of regression were utilized to compare chromium disappearance and ytterbium
      appearance data, which were best described by second-order polynomial functions.
      Increased ruminal chromium disappearance (P less than .01) and decreased total
      volatile fatty acid concentrations (P less than .01) suggested faster liquid
      dilution rates with high mineral diet, but turnover rates of solids were not
      affected. Urinary potassium secretion compensated for the high potassium content
      of the high mineral diet without an alkalogenic effect on acid-base status. Lower
      urine pH and higher urine ammonium concentrations during cool hours suggested
      that the high chloride content of the high mineral diet had an acidogenic effect.
      The results are interpreted to indicate that high level inclusion of sodium and
      potassium chloride salts altered digestive, acid-base and mineral status of heat
      stressed lactating cows.

PMID- 3366703
TI  - Effect of lasalocid on feedlot performance and energy partitioning in cattle.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of lasalocid on the
      performance and energy partitioning of cattle fed a 90% concentrate, barley-based
      diet. Experiment 1 utilized 100 Hereford heifers (initial weight 308 kg) fed
      diets containing no added ionophore, lasalocid added at 24, 36 or 54 mg/kg dry
      matter (DM), or monensin added at 33 mg/kg DM. In the 98-d trial, lasalocid-fed
      heifers gained an average of 1.35 kg daily, whereas control heifers gained 1.24
      kg (P = .12). Heifers fed lasalocid (36 or 54 mg/kg DM), monensin, and the
      control diet required 6.2, 6.5 and 6.9 kg DM/kg gain, respectively (P greater
      than .1). Ionophores had no influence on carcass quality. In Exp. 2, four steers
      (616 kg) were fed the control or lasalocid diet (36 mg/kg DM) at daily feeding
      levels of 21, 44, 67 and 89 g DM/kg body weight.75; fecal, urinary, methane and
      heat losses were measured by total collection and indirect calorimetry methods.
      The proportion of digestible energy lost as methane averaged 7.5% for steers fed
      the control diet and 7.1% for the steers fed lasalocid (P less than .1).
      Lasalocid improved (P less than .05) the metabolizable energy (ME) density of the
      diet by 8, 8 and 5% at the 21, 44 and 67 g DM feeding levels. There was no
      difference (P greater than .1) between diets in ME density at the 89 g DM feeding
      level. The net energy for maintenance (NEm) value of the diet was increased (P
      less than .05) by 10 to 21% with lasalocid, whereas the net energy for gain (NEg)
      value was not affected. Average heat productions of the steers were increased (P
      less than .05) by 7% with lasalocid. The ME requirement for maintenance was
      estimated at 84 and 81 kcal/kg body weight.75 from linear regressions of energy
      retention and ME intake above maintenance for the control and lasalocid diets,
      respectively. Corresponding estimates using a semilog-linear method were 90 and
      92. No differences (P greater than .1) in blood concentrations of insulin,
      glucagon or growth hormone were observed with the ionophore treatment. It was
      concluded that the main method by which lasalocid improved feed conversion was by
      increasing the ME density of the diet.

PMID- 3366704
TI  - Characterization of acid-base disturbances and effects on calcium and phosphorus
      balances of dietary fixed ions in pregnant or lactating does.
AB  - Effects of fixed cation-anion balance on acid-base status and calcium and
      phosphorus balances were examined. Pregnant and lactating goats were fed a diet
      of alfalfa hay, concentrate and minerals to vary the cation-anion balance [meq
      sodium (Na) + meq potassium (K)-meq chloride (Cl)]/100 g diet dry matter (DM)
      over the range found in ruminant feeds. Small but significant effects on ruminal
      pH, fermentation and dilution rate were observed. Metabolic acid-base status of
      pregnant and lactating goats was normal when (Na + K - Cl) balance was 40 to 50
      meq/100 g DM. The other treatments drastically altered plasma electrolyte
      concentrations, causing metabolic acid-base disturbances and profound changes in
      calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Subclinical hypernatremic, hypochloremic
      metabolic alkalosis was induced by a dietary fixed cation excess (Na + K - Cl) of
      greater than 85 meq/100 g DM (typical of buffered, alfalfa diets) and caused
      hypocalciuria, diminished calcium and phosphorus absorption, and possibly
      diminished dietary calcium absorption and resorption of calcium from bone.
      Subclinical hyperchloremic, hyponatremic metabolic acidosis from a diminished
      dietary fixed cation-anion balance (Na + K - Cl) of less than 10 meq/100 g DM
      (typical of nonbuffered corn silage or grain diets) caused hypercalciuria,
      enhanced calcium and phosphorus absorption and apparently enhanced calcium
      resorption from bone. Apparent effects on absorption and resorption depended on
      calcium and phosphorus intakes. Alterations in goats performance were not
      demonstrable. Dietary excesses of fixed cations over anions (meq Na + K - Cl/100
      g diet DM greater than 50) cause metabolic alkalosis in ruminants, whereas fixed
      anion excesses (meq Na + K - Cl/100 g diet DM less than 40) cause metabolic
      acidosis. Content of electrolytes in diets should be reported in all nutrition
      trials with ruminants for assessment of metabolic acid-base status.

PMID- 3366705
TI  - Effects of acid-base disturbances caused by differences in dietary fixed ion
      balance on kinetics of calcium metabolism in ruminants with high calcium demand.
AB  - Effects of subclinical metabolic acid-base disturbances, caused by dietary fixed
      ion imbalances on kinetics of calcium (Ca) metabolism were examined in eucalcemic
      caprine does (period 1) and does during simulated lactational Ca loss (period 2).
      In both experiments, Ca balance data and serial blood, fecal and urine samples
      were collected after an iv injection of 45Ca. In period 2, lactational Ca loss
      was simulated by continuous infusion of ethylene glycol-bis (beta-amino ethyl
      ether)N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to standardize the loss of Ca among goats.
      The data were fit to a four-compartment model of Ca metabolism. In period 1,
      fixed anion excess, [sodium + potassium - chloride] = -2 meq/100 g diet dry
      matter (ANEX) increased urinary Ca excretion relative to fixed cation excess,
      [sodium + potassium - chloride] = 71 meq/100 g diet dry matter (CATEX).
      Consequently, rates of Ca absorption and resorption were elevated in goats made
      acidotic by dietary fixed anion excess. During period 2 (EGTA infusion), urinary
      Ca loss was elevated to similar levels in goats fed ANEX and CATEX, but Ca
      absorption remained higher in goats fed ANEX. Consequently, size of the
      exchangeable Ca pool, accretion rate and balance across bone were higher in these
      goats. Fixed anion excesses (found in corn silage and grains) cause subclinical
      metabolic acidosis, which elevates rates of Ca absorption but does not affect
      size of the exchangeable Ca pool. Fixed cation excesses (associated with diets
      containing alfalfa and buffers) cause subclinical metabolic alkalosis, which
      diminishes Ca absorption and urinary Ca excretion. Acidosis-induced
      hypercalciuria is the metabolic cost of maintaining high prepartum Ca absorption
      rates and high flux of Ca through the exchangeable Ca pool that may aid in
      adjustment to sudden Ca losses at parturition.

PMID- 3366706
TI  - Intake and digestion in cattle fed warm- or cool-season grass hay with or without
      supplemental grain.
AB  - Intake and digestion in cattle fed warm- or cool-season grass hay with or without
      low-level grain supplementation were studied with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement
      of treatments in two 4 x 4 Latin square experiments. In Exp. 1, four cannulated
      beef cows (396 kg) were given Bermuda grass (B) or orchard grass (OG) hay at 1.5%
      body weight (BW) with 0 or .3% BW of ground corn (C; dry matter). Bermuda grass
      contained 12.1% crude protein, 79.3% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 5.5% acid
      detergent lignin (ADL); OG contained 10.6% crude protein, 82.4% NDF and 8.1% ADL.
      An interaction (P less than .07) between forage type and C supplementation was
      noted for microbial N entering the duodenum; C supplementation had a positive
      effect with B (30% increase) and little effect with OG. Corn supplementation did
      not affect ruminal NDF digestion with B, but it elicited an increase with OG
      (interaction, P less than .05; means were 60.7, 60.1, 61.5 and 66.3%). In the
      second experiment, growing dairy steers (196 kg) were given ad libitum access to
      similar B or OG hays and were fed 0 or .5% BW of C. Dry matter (DM) intake was
      lower for OG than for B (P less than .05) and was lower with than without C (P
      less than .06; means were 2.76, 2.56, 2.53 and 2.30% BW for B, BC, OG and OGC,
      respectively). Total tract organic matter digestion (%) was higher for OG than
      for B (P less than .10) and was higher with than without C (means were 54.7,
      61.5, 60.4 and 65.3%). In conclusion, chemical constituents such as NDF may
      govern differences in intake between warm- and cool-season grasses, but physical
      attributes of the forages appear more important to digestion.

PMID- 3366707
TI  - Effects of supplemental Bermuda grass hay or corn on intake, digestion and
      performance of cattle consuming endophyte-infected fescue.
AB  - Effects of supplemental Bermuda grass hay (BG) or ground corn on intake,
      digestion and performance of cattle consuming endophyte-infected fescue (I) were
      studied. In Exp. 1, a Latin square study, five growing Holstein steers (158.1 kg)
      consumed I ad libitum and were offered 0, .3, .6, .9 or 1.2% body weight (BW) of
      BG daily. Total dry matter (DM) intake rose linearly (P less than .05) with
      increasing BG, although intake was numerically similar with .6, .9 and 1.2% BW of
      BG. Digestibility was constant with diet (P greater than .10). Six growing
      Holstein steers used in Exp. 2, a Latin square with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement
      of treatments, ingested I or noninfected (NI) fescue hay ad libitum with 0, .5 or
      1.0% BW of ground corn. Total DM intake increased linearly as the level of corn
      rose (P less than .05). Total intake with I increased more with the first than
      with the second addition of corn, and the opposite occurred with NI (interaction
      between fescue infection and the quadratic effect of corn level, P less than
      .10). Organic matter digested (g/d) was greater for NI than for I and rose
      linearly with increasing corn ingestion (P less than .05). Ninety-six crossbred
      beef heifers and steers (184.2 kg avg initial live weight) were used in a 77-d
      fall grazing experiment (Exp. 3) with a 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement.
      Cattle grazed I or NI paddocks and were given no supplement or .34% BW of BG or
      .65% BW of ground corn on a daily basis (DM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366709
TI  - Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in finishing diets for feedlot
      steers supplemented with and without monensin.
AB  - Two comparative slaughter trials and a metabolism trial were conducted.
      Treatments consisted of: 1) 0 fat, 0 monensin; 2) 4% yellow grease, 0 monensin;
      3) 0 fat, 33 mg/kg monensin and 4) 4% yellow grease, 33 mg/kg monensin. Trial 1
      involved 104 crossbred beef steers (267 kg) in a 140-d comparative slaughter
      trial. There were no interactions (P greater than .20) between supplemental fat
      and monensin on steer performance. Monensin supplementation decreased rate of
      weight gain (P less than .10) and feed intake (P less than .05) with no effect on
      energy value of the diet (P greater than .20). Fat supplementation increased (P
      less than .01) rate of weight gain 12.5% and increased the net energy for
      maintenance (NEm) and net energy for gain (NEg) value of the diet 8.5 and 9.4%,
      respectively. Trial 2 involved 154 Holstein steers (290 kg) in a 94-d comparative
      slaughter trial. There were no interactions between supplemental fat and monensin
      (P greater than .20). Monensin supplementation did not affect rate or composition
      of gain (P greater than .20), but supplementation reduced (P less than .05) feed
      intake and feed required per unit weight gain 3.6%. Fat supplementation increased
      (P less than .01) fat and energy gain 12.5 and 10.3%, respectively, and the NEm
      and NEg content of the diet 7.5 and 8.4%, respectively. Trial 3 utilized four
      crossbred beef steers (220 kg) with cannulas in the rumen, proximal duodenum and
      distal ileum. There were no interactions between supplemental fat and monensin
      with respect to site of digestion (P greater than .20). Supplemental fat did not
      affect (P greater than .20) organic matter, starch, fiber or N digestion.
      Intestinal digestibility of fat averaged 77.3%. Monensin increased (P less than
      .10) intestinal digestibility of fat 7.4%. There were negative associative
      effects between supplemental fat and monensin on ruminal acetate:propionate
      ratios and estimated methane production. It was concluded that the feeding value
      of feed fat is underestimated in tables of feed standards currently in use, and
      that the net effects of monensin on these estimates are additive.

PMID- 3366708
TI  - Growth, carcass composition and plasma melatonin in postpubertal beef heifers fed
      melatonin.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine if feeding melatonin alters plasma
      concentrations of melatonin, growth and carcass composition of postpubertal beef
      heifers exposed to 16 h light (L):8 h dark (D). In Exp. 1, 16 heifers were
      blocked by initial body weight (318 +/- 5.6 kg). Four heifers were killed before
      starting the melatonin treatment to obtain initial carcass composition. Six
      heifers received vehicle (95% ethanol) and six were fed melatonin (4 mg/100 kg
      body weight) daily for 58 d at 1330 to coincide with the middle of the 16-h light
      period. On d 59 heifers were slaughtered. Melatonin feeding increased the
      percentage of fat in rib (P less than .05) and longissimus muscle (LD; P less
      than .10) and carcass fat accretion 28% (P less than .09) but reduced the
      percentage of protein 8% in rib (P less than .05) and carcass protein accretion
      30% (P less than .09). Other measures in the carcass and body weight gain were
      not affected (P greater than .10) by feeding melatonin. Plasma concentrations of
      melatonin increased (P less than .01) from 10 to 140 pg/ml within 30 min of
      feeding melatonin. In Exp. 2, 24 heifers were blocked by initial body weight (348
      +/- 13.7 kg). Eight heifers were killed initially, eight received vehicle and
      eight were fed melatonin for 63 d as described in Exp. 1. Melatonin did not
      influence (P greater than .10) body weight gain or any measure in the carcass;
      however, these heifers were fatter (40.1%) than those in Exp. 1 (30.9%) at the
      beginning of the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366710
TI  - Effects of frequency of offering and type of supplemental forage on intake and
      digestion in calves consuming endophyte-infected fescue hay.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of frequency of offering
      and type of supplemental forage on intake and digestion in calves consuming
      endophyte-infected fescue hay (I). In Exp. 1, five Holstein steers, averaging 128
      kg body weight (BW), were used in a 5 X 5 Latin square experiment. All steers
      were given free access to I in the afternoon. Morning meals consisted of 1) ad
      libitum access to I daily (control), 2) .5% BW of Bermuda-grass hay (BG) daily,
      3) 1.0% BW of BG every 2nd d, 4) 1.5% BW of BG every 3rd d and 5) 2.0% BW of BG
      every 4th d. Steers receiving BG consumed less (P less than .01) I and more (P
      less than .01) total dry matter (DM) than did steers given I alone. Within
      treatment, I intake was similar (P greater than .10) among days of the feeding
      cycle without BG. Organic matter (OM) digestion was lower (P less than .05) with
      than without BG. In Exp. 2, 12 beef calves (Angus and Hereford X Angus; 6 mo of
      age, 155 kg initial BW) were used in a completely randomized-design experiment.
      Calves were given ad libitum access to I daily (control) or to BG or wheat hay
      (WH) on d 1 and I the following 3 d. Hay (I, BG or WH) intake d 1 of the feeding
      cycle was higher for BG and WH than for the control treatment (16 and 45%,
      respectively) and higher for WH than BG (25%; P less than .05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366711
TI  - Escape protein supplementation of yearling steers grazing smooth brome pastures.
AB  - Two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were
      conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance
      during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (Bromus
      inermis). Graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg.head-1.d-1) of an equal-protein
      basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing
      corn starch, which was used as the negative control. All steers received 582 g
      supplemental dry matter per day. Supplementation with escape protein improved
      daily performance in both spring (P less than .01) and fall (P less than .02).
      Analysis of pooled data from both trials indicated a linear (P less than .01) and
      quadratic (P less than .05) increase in steer performance with increasing level
      of escape protein in the diet. Analysis of grass samples collected throughout and
      composited over each trial demonstrated that grass protein was highly degraded in
      the rumen. Using a modified dacron bag technique, 12-h degradability was found to
      be 80 to 90% of the potentially digestible protein fraction. Rates of protein
      degradability were 14 and 11.7%/h. Assuming 5%/h rate of passage, escape protein
      was calculated to be 9.2 and 13.1% of total protein. As a result of the
      significant growth response observed above that of the energy-supplemented
      controls and the high ruminal protein degradabilities of the grass observed in
      the laboratory, it was concluded that growing ruminants grazing actively growing
      smooth brome pastures were deficient in metabolizable protein.

PMID- 3366712
TI  - Simultaneous histochemical determination of three fiber types in single sections
      of ovine, bovine and porcine skeletal muscle.
AB  - Classification of muscle fiber types involves tedious comparisons of serial
      muscle tissue sections. Procedures that would incorporate pertinent histochemical
      properties into one simplified assay for the successful differentiation and
      determination of fiber types were evaluated using muscle samples from three
      different species (ovine, bovine and porcine). For ovine and porcine muscle
      tissue, the best staining procedure involved initial preincubation of the tissue
      section at 4.35 (for ovine) and 4.30 (for porcine) followed by incubating for
      succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, then staining for myofibrillar adenosine
      triphosphatase (ATPase) activity after an acid preincubation and, finally,
      counterstaining with hematoxylin. For bovine muscle tissue, the procedure
      involves first incubating for SDH activity, after which the section is incubated
      at pH 4.15 and then stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity after an acid
      preincubation, with a concluding counterstaining using hematoxylin. These
      procedures permit successful differentiation and identification of three fiber
      types (beta R, alpha R and alpha W) from a single section of muscle tissue with
      approximately a 65% saving in time and materials. The results of histochemically
      typing muscle fibers in a single tissue section stained with these techniques
      were similar to those obtained with the traditional methods comparing serial
      sections.

PMID- 3366713
TI  - Influence of maternal obesity on fetal development in pigs.
AB  - Fetuses from linebred lean (L) and linebred obese (O) and reciprocal crossmatings
      were examined at 110 d of gestation for line, maternal and heterotic effects.
      There was no significant heterotic effect for any trait measured. A significant
      maternal effect was observed for adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity
      and for serum triglycerides. The enzyme activity and triglycerides concentration
      were higher in fetuses from O dams than in fetuses from L dams. In a lipid
      clearance test, no maternal effect was observed for changes in serum
      concentrations of triglycerides and free fatty acids or in optical density
      (associated with the disappearance of injected Liposyn). Linebred O fetuses
      exhibited higher LPL activity in both the biceps femoris muscle and sc adipose
      tissue compared with linebred L fetuses. The LPL activity of the adipose tissue
      was higher than that of the skeletal muscle. The percentage of dry matter,
      percentage of triglycerides and protein/DNA were higher in the muscle of linebred
      O fetuses than in that of linebred L fetuses. Based on tissue LPL activity and on
      muscle compositional traits, linebred O fetuses were more mature at 110 d of
      gestation than were the linebred L fetuses. Maternal obesity had little
      detectable influence on fetal development of the pig when measured at 110 d of
      gestation.

PMID- 3366714
TI  - Effect of sera from fed and fasted pigs on proliferation and protein turnover in
      cultured myogenic cells.
AB  - The effects of fasting on the ability of swine serum to affect proliferation,
      protein synthesis and protein degradation in L6 myoblast cell culture bioassays
      were evaluated. Barrows (15 to 20 kg) were fitted with jugular catheters. Blood
      samples were collected at four evenly spaced intervals between 0800 and 1700 on
      collection days. Prefast blood samples were obtained on d 1 and 2 of the study,
      after which pigs were subjected to a 5-d fast. Fasted samples were obtained on
      the 1st, 3rd and 5th d of the fast (d 3, 5 and 7 of the study). Serum from each
      collection day was pooled and tested in the proliferation bioassay for each pig.
      Prefast and fasted serum pools were formed by pooling prefast days (1 and 2) or
      fasted days (3, 5 and 7), respectively, from all pigs in a study. These pools
      were tested in the proliferation and protein turnover bioassays as well as in a
      Somatomedin-C (SmC) radioimmunoassay. Serum from the fasted collection days
      showed a decrease in mitogenic activity compared with serum from the two prefast
      days (P less than .001). At high concentrations, sera obtained from fasted pigs
      inhibited muscle cell proliferation (P less than .001). Additionally, adding
      fasted serum to control swine serum (CSS) inhibited the mitogenic activity of CSS
      in a dose-dependent manner (P less than .025). Therefore, fasted sera showed a
      decreased ability to promote muscle cell proliferation and, in addition, appeared
      to contain a factor(s) that inhibits muscle cell proliferation. Fasted serum also
      caused a 21.6% increase in protein degradation compared with prefast
      serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366715
TI  - Riboflavin requirement of lactating swine.
AB  - Twenty-five crossbred gilts and 25 crossbred sows were used in an experiment to
      estimate the riboflavin requirement of lactating swine. During gestation the
      females were fed a 12% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet that was marginal in
      riboflavin content, i.e., 2.3 mg/kg. After farrowing, litter size was equalized
      across lactation diets within each parity category. The basal, 14% crude-protein
      corn-soybean meal lactation diet was supplemented to provide five levels of
      dietary riboflavin: 1.25, 2.25, 3.25, 4.25 and 5.25 mg/kg. Five gilts and five
      sows were fed each dietary treatment. Each dam was provided her assigned diet ad
      libitum during the 24-d lactation; piglets were not provided supplemental feed.
      The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC), an indicator
      of riboflavin status, was measured on blood samples obtained from the dams and
      their piglets on d 1 and d 24 postpartum. On d 1, the mean EGRAC of gilts was
      slightly higher than that of sows, while piglet EGRAC was similar regardless of
      maternal age. On d 24 gilts and their piglets had higher average EGRAC (P less
      than .01) than did sows and their piglets. Thus, there was a treatment x dam age
      interaction (P less than .05). Lactation performance criteria gave further
      evidence of similar treatment x age group interactions. Gilts fed the diet
      containing 1.25 ppm riboflavin had higher piglet mortality, consumed less feed
      and lost more weight (P less than .05) for each criterion than did sows fed the
      same diet. Despite these observations, the broken-line estimates of the
      riboflavin requirement, based on EGRAC, for gilts and sows were 16.3 and 16.2
      mg/d, respectively. The EGRAC values for piglets closely paralleled those of
      their dams regardless of treatment, suggesting that there is no mechanism to
      protect the nursing piglets from a maternal dietary deficiency of riboflavin.

PMID- 3366716
TI  - Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors in animal feed and fecal samples.
AB  - Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated for diets and fecal
      samples from three animal species fed low- or high-fiber diets. The conversion
      factors based on protein contents determined by amino acid analyses were
      calculated from total N (Kjeldahl analyses) and recovered amino acid plus NH3-N
      (amino acid analyses). Conversion factors based on protein contents determined by
      a fluorescamine assay for amino acids were also calculated from total Kjeldahl-N.
      The conversion factors based on Kjeldahl-N averaged 5.3 +/- .7 for the diets and
      4.0 +/- .5 for the feces in the six animal and diet comparisons when calculated
      from anhydrous amino acid formula weights. The greatest deviations from the
      traditional 6.25 conversion factor occurred in the fecal samples of ruminant
      animals fed a corn-alfalfa meal diet at a maintenance level of intake. In
      contrast, conversion factors based on amino acid plus NH3-N were quite stable.
      These factors averaged 5.7 +/- .1 for feeds and 5.5 +/- .1 for feces when
      calculated from anhydrous amino acid residue weights.

PMID- 3366717
TI  - Estimation of body composition of neonatal pigs via deuterium oxide dilution:
      validation of technique.
AB  - Five studies were conducted to determine 1) the time period required for the
      equilibration of deuterium oxide (D2O) in body water in neonatal pigs following
      the intravenous (iv), intramuscular (im) or intraperitoneal (ip) injection of D2O
      and 2) the accuracy and precision of estimating body water, protein, fat and ash
      in neonatal pigs from the body D2O pool space. Deuterium oxide administered by iv
      and im injection equilibrated with body water by 40 and 20 min postinjection,
      respectively. Body D2O space determined from individual samples of blood fluids
      drawn at 40, 80 or 120 min postinjection accurately reflected body water
      determined by desiccation. The difference between D2O pool space determined at
      120 min postinjection and body water in 4-kg pigs injected iv averaged - .050 kg,
      and the magnitude of the difference was relatively constant (standard deviation
      [SD] = .121 kg). The D2O pool space determined from im injection overestimated
      body water slightly (.163 kg), but the precision of the estimate was good (SD =
      .019 kg). Deuterium oxide injected ip did not consistently equilibrate by 200 min
      postinjection, and the estimated D2O pool space was not indicative of body water.
      The 90% confidence limits for estimating body water, protein, fat and ash in 4-kg
      pigs as determined by im and iv injection of D2O were .020 and .092 kg, .014 and
      .021 kg, .030 and .043 kg and .007 and .047 kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366718
TI  - Effects of prenatal and postnatal fraternity size on long-term reproduction in
      mice.
AB  - Effects of prenatal and postnatal fraternity size (size of litter in which an
      animal develops prior to birth or is reared following birth) on long-term
      reproduction were studied by rearing 178 female ICR mice in standardized prenatal
      and postnatal fraternities. Three levels of prenatal and postnatal fraternity
      sizes were used in a 3 x 3 factorial experiment. Prenatal fraternity size was
      standardized by selectively terminating fetal development in pregnant females
      carrying at least 14 conceptuses. Prenatal fraternities were standardized to
      either 6, 10 or 14 fetuses, and postnatal fraternities were standardized by
      randomly assigning individuals to nurse litters of 5, 10 or 15 pups. Prenatal
      fraternity size negatively affected average pup weight at birth (P less than .05)
      but had little subsequent effect on growth or reproduction. Postnatal fraternity
      size negatively affected weight at weaning (P less than .01), with mice reared in
      smaller postnatal fraternities being heavier than those reared in larger
      fraternities. Following weaning, mice reared in smaller fraternities gained
      weight less rapidly (P less than .01) but still tended to be heavier at maturity
      (P = .11). Vaginal opening occurred at older ages in females reared in larger
      postnatal litters (P less than .01). An interval mating system was used to
      examine fraternity size effects on long-term reproduction. Females were exposed
      to males six times at 8-wk intervals with initial mating at 7 wk of age.
      Postnatal fraternity size and age at mating jointly affected litter size (P less
      than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366719
TI  - Effects of thyroxine and growth hormone treatment of dairy cows on milk yield,
      cardiac output and mammary blood flow.
AB  - Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received
      growth hormone injections (GH; 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d
      experimental periods. Measurement was made of milk yield, protein yield, mammary
      tyrosine and phenylalanine uptake, blood plasma hormone concentrations, mammary
      blood flow and cardiac output. Milk yield increased by 25% with T4 and 21% with
      GH treatment. Milk protein content tended to decline during T4 treatment and
      increase following GH treatment. Cardiac output increased by 8.9 liter/min (20%)
      and 4.6 liter/min (10%) with T4 and GH injection. Mammary blood flow (half-udder)
      increased from 3.6 to 4.9 liter/min (35%) and from 3.3 to 4.4 liter/min (33%)
      with T4 and GH treatment, respectively. These increases calculated on a whole
      udder basis, accounted for 28% (T4) and 48% (GH) of the increases in cardiac
      output. The proportion of cardiac output perfusing the (whole) udder increased to
      19.1% (T4) and 18.7% (GH), increases of 17 and 30%, respectively. Heart rate
      increased with T4 (but not GH treatment) from 80 to 115/min. Ratio of blood flow
      to milk yield was not changed by either treatment. The proportion of cardiac
      output perfusing the udder likely plays a major role in facilitating the
      partitioning of nutrients for milk synthesis.

PMID- 3366720
TI  - Effects of thyroxine and growth hormone treatment of dairy cows on mammary uptake
      of glucose, oxygen and other milk fat precursors.
AB  - Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received
      growth hormone injections (GH, 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d
      experimental periods. Milk fat, lactose output, mammary uptake of glucose, oxygen
      and milk fat precursors were determined with each treatment. Injection of T4
      increased lactose yield by 25% and fat yield 42%. The injection of GH increased
      fat and lactose yields by 24%. Both GH and T4 increased mammary glucose uptake by
      35% and 45%, respectively, while T4 administration was associated with an
      increase in plasma glucose concentration from 67 to 84%. Thyroxine, but not GH,
      increased the ratio of mammary glucose uptake to lactose output from 1.24 to
      1.58. Blood plasma acetate concentration declined following GH and T4 treatment
      by 17%. Mammary acetate uptake increased in response to GH injection in two of
      three cows but did not change with T4 injection. The injection of GH had no
      effect on plasma propionate concentration or mammary uptake. Thyroxine reduced
      plasma propionate content and mammary uptake. Neither T4 nor GH changed plasma
      free fatty acid concentration or mammary uptake. Thyroxine had no effect on
      plasma triglyceride concentration or mammary uptake, whereas GH increased mammary
      triglyceride uptake to the end of the experimental period. Mammary oxygen uptake
      was increased by GH as milk production increased. Increased mammary oxygen uptake
      following T4 treatment was transient. Change in mammary metabolism with T4
      treatment permitted increased milk output without change in mammary oxygen
      consumption. Such a change may involve increased mammary utilization of pre
      formed long-chain fatty acid and increased metabolism of glucose via glycolysis.

PMID- 3366721
TI  - Influence of nutrition on serum concentrations of progesterone, luteinizing
      hormone and estrous behavior in dairy heifers.
AB  - Thirty postpubertal Holstein heifers were used to investigate the influence of
      dietary intake on 1) serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and luteinizing
      hormone (LH) during diestrus and 2) estrous behavior. Heifers were randomly
      allotted to receive either 80, 100 or 120% of the National Research Council (NRC)
      requirements for energy, protein and dry matter intake for 139 d. Heifers were
      fed their respective diets in groups in outdoor lots for 114 d at which time
      individual feeding of diets was initiated in a stanchion barn. Estrus was
      synchronized with two injections of prostaglandin (PG) so that on d 138 of
      dietary treatment the heifers were in diestrus (means = d 8 of estrous cycle).
      Also, on d 138, blood samples were collected via jugular cannula at 20-min
      intervals for 12 h beginning at 0630. After collection of the 37th blood sample,
      all heifers were treated with PG and additional blood samples were collected at 1
      h intervals for 24 h. Immediately thereafter, all heifers were moved to a common
      outdoor lot for 72 h of continuous observation for estrous behavior. Weight gains
      during the experimental period differed among groups and were 46 +/- 5, 83 +/- 5
      and 113 +/- 4 kg for the heifers fed 80, 100 and 120% of the NRC requirements,
      respectively. Mean serum concentrations of P4 for the 80% NRC group (4.6 +/- .6
      ng/ml) tended to be lower than both the 100% (5.9 +/- .6 ng/ml) and 120% (6.0 +/-
      .5 ng/ml) NRC groups, respectively. Mean serum concentrations of LH, number of LH
      secretory peaks/12 h and LH peak amplitude were similar among all NRC groups.
      Rate of decline in serum P4 after PG was also similar among all NRC
      groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366722
TI  - Follicular growth and estradiol influence on luteal function in mares.
AB  - Follicular growth, circulating estradiol concentrations and endometrial
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) production were measured to determine whether
      there is an interrelationship among these factors associated with luteolysis.
      Follicular growth was monitored by rectal palpation every other day during
      diestrus in 16 mares. Plasma estradiol was determined for daily samples during
      all estrous cycles. Endometrial tissue was removed for PGF2 alpha analysis by
      radioimmunoassay on d 10, 12, 14 or 16 during several normal cycles and after d
      30 during spontaneously prolonged cycles. Circulating estradiol concentrations
      were highly correlated with follicular diameter. Follicular growth was initiated
      before d 14 in normal cycles, thus estradiol was significantly elevated during
      the portion of diestrus prior to luteolysis. This was not the case during
      spontaneously prolonged cycles in which a) there was no correlation between
      follicular size and circulating estradiol, b) follicular growth was initiated an
      average of 19 d postovulation, and c) estradiol concentrations did not increase.
      Diestrous estradiol concentrations, during normal cycles, were significantly
      elevated immediately (72 to 24 h) prior to the time at which peak endometrial
      PGF2 alpha production occurred (d 12 and 14). During spontaneously prolonged
      cycles, estradiol concentrations did not rise at the time of expected luteolysis,
      and endometrial PGF2 alpha production was minimal in d 30 biopsies. Results
      suggest that diestrus follicular growth and its consequent estradiol production
      may play a role in initiating luteolysis through endometrial PGF2 alpha
      production and that delay or failure of this process may result in spontaneously
      prolonged corpora luteal function.

PMID- 3366723
TI  - Possible mechanisms of periodic breathing during sleep.
AB  - To determine the effect of respiratory control system loop gain on periodic
      breathing during sleep, 10 volunteers were studied during stage 1-2 non-rapid-eye
      movement (NREM) sleep while breathing room air (room air control), while hypoxic
      (hypoxia control), and while wearing a tight-fitting mask that augmented control
      system gain by mechanically increasing the effect of ventilation on arterial O2
      saturation (SaO2) (hypoxia increased gain). Ventilatory responses to progressive
      hypoxia at two steady-state end-tidal PCO2 levels and to progressive hypercapnia
      at two levels of oxygenation were measured during wakefulness as indexes of
      controller gain. Under increased gain conditions, five male subjects developed
      periodic breathing with recurrent cycles of hyperventilation and apnea; the
      remaining subjects had nonperiodic patterns of hyperventilation. Periodic
      breathers had greater ventilatory response slopes to hypercapnia under either
      hyperoxic or hypoxic conditions than nonperiodic breathers (2.98 +/- 0.72 vs.
      1.50 +/- 0.39 l.min-1.Torr-1; 4.39 +/- 2.05 vs. 1.72 +/- 0.86 l.min-1.Torr-1; for
      both, P less than 0.04) and greater ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia at a
      PCO2 of 46.5 Torr (2.07 +/- 0.91 vs. 0.87 +/- 0.38 l.min-1.% fall in SaO2(-1); P
      less than 0.04). To assess whether spontaneous oscillations in ventilation
      contributed to periodic breathing, power spectrum analysis was used to detect
      significant cyclic patterns in ventilation during NREM sleep. Oscillations
      occurred more frequently in periodic breathers, and hypercapnic responses were
      higher in subjects with oscillations than those without. The results suggest that
      spontaneous oscillations in ventilation are common during sleep and can be
      converted to periodic breathing with apnea when loop gain is increased.

PMID- 3366724
TI  - Immunoglobulin E anaphylaxis in rabbits: mechanisms of pulmonary resistance and
      compliance changes.
AB  - Factors causing changes in pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance with
      immunoglobulin (Ig) E anaphylaxis in spontaneously breathing rabbits were
      assessed in ventilated rabbits using tantalum bronchography and wet-to-dry wt
      ratios. Ventilated rabbits demonstrated changes in resistance and compliance
      similar to spontaneously breathing rabbits. Chlorpheniramine pretreatment
      prevented increases in resistance but not decreases in compliance. Anaphylaxis
      constricted small (less than 1 mm) airways 20.9 +/- 16.0% (mean +/- SD) and
      intermediate (between 1 and 3 mm) airways 21.8 +/- 19.8%. Chlorpheniramine (10
      mg/kg) prevented small airway changes and attenuated those in intermediate
      airways. Chlorpheniramine prevented histamine-induced constriction of small (23.6
      +/- 15.7%) and intermediate (17.6 +/- 15.0%) airways. Lung wet-to-dry wt ratios
      were unchanged. Changes in resistance and compliance during rabbit IgE
      anaphylaxis are not due to changes in tidal volume or frequency. Histamine, via
      H1 receptors, is the principal mediator of pulmonary resistance increases but not
      dynamic compliance reductions. Chlorpheniramine-sensitive increases in resistance
      are caused by constrictions of intermediate and small airways, whereas the
      chlorpheniramine-resistant decrease in compliance is not caused directly by
      constriction of the smallest measurable airways (0.25 mm) or changes in lung
      water.

PMID- 3366725
TI  - Leg size and muscle functions associated with leg compliance.
AB  - Leg compliance is "causally related with greater susceptibility" to orthostatic
      stress. Since peak O2 uptake (peak VO2) and muscle strength may be related to leg
      compliance, we examined the relationships between leg compliance and factors
      related to muscle size and physical fitness. Ten healthy men, 25-52 yr, underwent
      tests for determination of vascular compliance of the calf (Whitney mercury
      strain gauge), peak VO2 (Bruce treadmill), calf muscle strength (Cybex isokinetic
      dynamometer), body composition (densitometry), and anthropometric measurements of
      the calf. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) of muscle, fat, and bone in the calf were
      determined by computed tomography scans. Leg compliance was not significantly
      correlated with any variables associated with physical fitness per se (peak VO2,
      calf strength, age, body weight, or composition). Leg compliance correlated with
      calf CSA (r = -0.72, P less than 0.02) and calculated calf volume (r = -0.67, P
      less than 0.03). The most dominant contributing factor to the determination of
      leg compliance was CSA of calf muscle (r = -0.60, P less than 0.06), whereas fat
      and bone were poor predictors (r = -0.11 and 0.07, respectively). We suggest that
      leg compliance is less when there is a large muscle mass providing structural
      support to limit expansion of the veins. This relationship is independent of
      aerobic and/or strength fitness level of the individual.

PMID- 3366726
TI  - Strength conditioning in older men: skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved
      function.
AB  - The effects of strength conditioning on skeletal muscle function and mass were
      determined in older men. Twelve healthy untrained volunteers (age range 60-72 yr)
      participated in a 12-wk strength training program (8 repetitions/set; 3 sets/day;
      3 days/wk) at 80% of the one repetition maximum (1 RM) for extensors and flexors
      of both knee joints. They were evaluated before the program and after 6 and 12 wk
      of training. Weekly measurements of 1 RM showed a progressive increase in
      strength in extensors and flexors. By 12 wk extensor and flexor strength had
      increased 107.4 (P less than 0.0001) and 226.7% (P less than 0.0001),
      respectively. Isokinetic peak torque of extensors and flexors measured on a Cybex
      II dynamometer increased 10.0 and 18.5% (P less than 0.05) at 60 degrees/s and
      16.7 and 14.7% (P less than 0.05) at 240 degrees/s. The torque-velocity
      relationship showed an upward displacement of the curve at the end of training,
      mainly in the slow-velocity high-torque region. Midthigh composition from
      computerized tomographic scans showed an increase (P less than 0.01) in total
      thigh area (4.8%), total muscle area (11.4%), and quadriceps area (9.3%).
      Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle revealed similar increases (P less than
      0.001) in type I fiber area (33.5%) and type II fiber area (27.6%). Daily
      excretion of urinary 3-methyl-L-histidine increased with training (P less than
      0.05) by an average 40.8%. Strength gains in older men were associated with
      significant muscle hypertrophy and an increase in myofibrillar protein turnover.

PMID- 3366727
TI  - Relationship between lung volume and tracheal area as assessed by acoustic
      reflection.
AB  - To determine whether airway size correlates with measures of lung or body size,
      we used the acoustic reflection technique to calculate tracheal cross-sectional
      area in 103 healthy young adults. Men have significantly larger tracheas than
      women [2.48 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.91 +/- 0.05 (SE) cm2, P less than 0.001]. Within each
      sex, there is no correlation between tracheal size and body size or maximal
      expiratory flows. There is a significant positive correlation between tracheal
      area and vital capacity in males only (r = 0.36, P less than 0.01). These results
      support the concept of dysanapsis, relatively independent growth of the airways
      and lung parenchyma, as well as sex-related differences in airway size and
      growth. Inherent airway size may be a factor in the development and/or
      progression of lung disease.

PMID- 3366729
TI  - Mechanism of action of physical antipyresis in the rat.
AB  - To study the mechanism of action of physical antipyresis, core temperature was
      measured in two groups of rats in which heat loss was increased by cold exposure
      and by cooling an inferior cava heat exchanger, respectively, both before and
      after infection with Salmonella enteritidis. Cold exposure did not influence core
      temperature. On the other hand, cooling the heat exchanger caused a fall in core
      temperature of approximately 0.7 degree C, to 37 degrees C in normothermia and to
      38.5 degrees C 24 h after the infection. These lower core temperatures were then
      regulated against any further increase in heat loss until the thermoregulatory
      metabolic capacity of the animals was exhausted and a hypothermia developed. It
      is concluded that in infectious fever the threshold temperature of shivering
      increases as much as core temperature. Furthermore it is suggested that physical
      antipyresis, such as sponging with tepid water, induces a moderate but regulated
      fall in temperature to about the threshold of shivering and that its efficacy may
      increase with ambient temperature.

PMID- 3366728
TI  - Brain stem extracellular fluid pH and respiratory drive during hypoxia in newborn
      pigs.
AB  - In response to moderate hypoxia many newborn animals are capable of increasing
      ventilation only transiently. To examine the hypothesis that changes in brain
      stem extracellular fluid (ECF) pH explain this transient ventilatory response, we
      measured brain stem ECF pH and respiratory drive during hypoxia in newborn pigs.
      The animals were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose-urethan, paralyzed,
      vagotomized, and mechanically ventilated with a servo-controlled ventilator to
      regulate end-tidal CO2. Hypoxic ventilation for 6 min was achieved by changing
      inspired gas from 100% to 10-15% O2. Respiration, measured as integrated phrenic
      nerve activity, showed a range of responses. In 13 trials increased phrenic
      activity early in the hypoxic period was sustained or further augmented for the
      duration of the period. In contrast, in eight other trials phrenic activity
      increased and then declined. Regardless of the respiratory response, ECF pH
      (measured with a flat-surface electrode) increased slightly (0.009 +/- 0.002 U)
      during the first 2.5 min of hypoxia and then declined 0.061 +/- 0.017 U by the
      6th min. This acidotic shift in ECF pH is inconsistent with the hypothesis that
      an alkalotic shift causes the nonsustained respiratory response of newborn pigs.

PMID- 3366730
TI  - Sites of leakage in three models of acute lung injury.
AB  - Fluid leaking from arterial and venous extra-alveolar vessels (EAV's) may account
      for up to 60% of the total transvascular fluid flux when edema occurs in the
      setting of normal vascular permeability. We determined if the permeability and
      relative contribution of EAV's was altered after inducing acute lung injury in
      rabbits by administering oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) into the pulmonary artery, HCl (5
      ml/kg of 0.1 N) into the trachea, or air emboli (0.03 ml.kg-1.min-1) into the
      right atrium for 90 min. Subsequently, the lungs were excised and continuously
      weighed while they were maintained in a warmed, humidified chamber with alveolar
      and pulmonary vascular pressures controlled and the lungs either ventilated or
      distended with 5% CO2 in air. The vascular system was filled with autologous
      blood and saline (1:1) to which papaverine (0.1 mg/ml) was added to inhibit
      vasospasm. Vascular pressures were referenced to the lung base. After a transient
      hydrostatic stress to maximize recruitment, vascular pressures were set at 5
      cmH2O, and lungs were allowed to become isogravimetric (30-60 min). A fluid
      filtration coefficient (Kf) was determined by the use of a modification of the
      method of Drake and colleagues [Am. J. Physiol. 234 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 3):
      H266-H274, 1978]. EAV's were isolated by zoning techniques. In control
      preparations arterial and venous EAV's accounted for 26% (n = 9) and 38% (n = 11)
      of the total leakage, respectively. In all three models Kf increased two- to
      fourfold when the lungs were in zone 3 (alveolar vessels and arterial and venous
      EAV's contributing to the leakage).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366731
TI  - Failure of neuromuscular propagation during human maximal voluntary contraction.
AB  - The mechanism for fatigue of the adductor pollicis was studied in normal subjects
      during maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) sustained for 90-100 s, by comparing
      the force and electrical response of this muscle to voluntary motor drive with
      that obtainable with artificial stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The adequacy of
      nerve stimulation was checked by recording simultaneously the electrical response
      of a nonfatiguing muscle, the abductor of the small finger. The decrease in force
      and in the natural electrical activity with fatigue was accompanied by a parallel
      decrease in the amplitude of synchronous muscle action potentials (M waves)
      evoked by artificial stimulation of the ulnar nerve at different frequencies. The
      decline in M-wave amplitude in the adductor pollicis was not due to a submaximal
      nerve stimulation, since the amplitudes recorded simultaneously from the
      nonfatiguing abductor digiti minimi remained unchanged. The force and the
      electrical responses from the adductor pollicis recovered in parallel with a half
      time of approximately 1 min. These results suggest that the loss of force of the
      adductor pollicis with fatigue and its subsequent recovery are largely determined
      by the extent of neuromuscular propagation failure. The slow recovery of the M
      wave amplitude during repetitive stimulation suggests that it may be related to
      some aspect of muscle metabolism.

PMID- 3366732
TI  - Acute glucocorticoid effects on glycogen utilization, O2 uptake, and endurance.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effects of increased substrate
      availability (glycogen + plasma fatty acids) by glucocorticoids on energy
      metabolism during exercise to exhaustion. Female rats received a single
      subcutaneous injection of cortisol acetate (CA) (100 mg.kg body wt-1) 21 h before
      treadmill running (30.8 m/min). At the start of exercise in the CA-treated rats,
      plasma fatty acids and liver glycogen were increased by 40%. Glycogen levels were
      also increased by CA treatment in slow-twitch soleus (61%), fast-twitch white
      vastus (38%), and fast-twitch red vastus lateralis (85%) muscles. Exercise time
      to exhaustion was increased by CA treatment (114 +/- 5 vs. 95 +/- 6 min, P less
      than 0.05). During the exercise, total glycogen depletion was greater in the CA
      treated than in the control animals, whereas estimated relative rates of
      carbohydrate utilization (R = 0.90) were similar. However, while running the CA
      treated group consumed 11% more O2 than the controls (P less than 0.05). These
      results show that a single injection of glucocorticoids is capable of improving
      endurance. Yet the increased O2 uptake during exercise may have minimized the
      impact of the initial increased availability of carbohydrates and fatty acids in
      prolonging exercise capacity. This decreased running economy by the CA-treated
      runners may be secondary to alterations in energy production or utilization.

PMID- 3366733
TI  - Increasing duration of smoke exposure induces more severe lung injury in sheep.
AB  - Eighteen sheep previously prepared for chronic study were divided into three
      groups of six animals each. These were given graded inhalation injury utilizing
      smoke obtained from burning cotton-toweling material. Smoke was insufflated into
      animals with a modified bee smoker at temperatures less than 40 degrees C. Group
      H, which received 64 breaths of smoke, showed the most pronounced changes in
      pulmonary function. The changes consisted mainly of a profound increase in lung
      lymph flow following a reduced P/F ratio (PO2 in arterial blood/inspired O2
      fraction) and an elevation in both thermal and gravimetrically measured
      extravascular lung water. Similar changes were seen in group M (48 breaths of
      smoke) and group L (32 breaths of smoke). However, the injury was graded based on
      the changes in gravimetrically measured lung water and lung lymph flow. These
      were highest in group H and lowest in group L. These studies confirm our ability
      to accurately quantitate the injury induced by smoke inhalation. In addition, it
      demonstrates that lung injury associated with the inhalation of smoke can be
      graded depending on the duration of exposure.

PMID- 3366734
TI  - Functional and structural adaptations in skeletal muscle of trained athletes.
AB  - Twitch contractile and ultrastructural characteristics of the human triceps surae
      were determined in six male strength-trained athletes, six endurance-trained
      athletes, six active controls, and seven sedentary controls of similar height and
      age. Twitch contraction time in the triceps surae complex was 20% longer in
      strength-trained and sedentary groups than in endurance-trained or active control
      groups. In the 15 subjects peak twitch torque and one-half relation time in the
      triceps surae were 22.6 +/- 7.9 N.m and 91.1 +/- 18.3 ms, respectively. Mean
      fiber area in the gastrocnemius was approximately 1.6-, 1.7-, and 2.5-fold
      greater in the active control, endurance-trained, and strength-trained groups,
      respectively, relative to the sedentary group. Despite these large differences in
      fiber areas, the fiber fractional volume of the sarcoplasmic reticulum-transverse
      tubule network averaged 3.38 +/- 0.86% and 5.50 +/- 0.94% in type I and type II
      fibers, respectively, in all subjects. The fractional fiber volume of cytoplasm
      and lipid were similar for all four groups. However, mitochondrial volume was
      approximately 30% lower in both fiber types of the strength-trained group
      relative to the other groups. This implies that with exercise-induced
      hypertrophy, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, and lipid components increase
      proportionately with contractile protein, whereas the mitochondrial fraction does
      not. The proportion of type I fibers in the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and
      lateral gastrocnemius was 75.2 +/- 8.3, 58.5 +/- 6.1, and 52.4 +/- 4.2%,
      respectively, and was similar in all subject groups. The results demonstrate that
      twitch duration is prolonged in strength-trained athletes relative to endurance
      athletes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366735
TI  - Pulmonary intravascular macrophages and hemodynamic effects of liposomes in
      sheep.
AB  - We studied the effects of liposomes on the pulmonary circulation of sheep and
      found a close correlation between liposome retention in the lung and the
      intravascular macrophages. A test dose of liposomes (5.5 mumol of total lipids)
      injected intravenously transiently increased pulmonary arterial pressure from 24
      +/- 2 to 55 +/- 16 (SD) cmH2O. The pulmonary arterial pressure responses were
      dose dependent and reproducible. The rise in pulmonary arterial pressure was
      blocked completely by indomethacin and 75% by a thromboxane synthase inhibitor.
      Systemic arterial thromboxane B2 concentration increased from a base-line level
      of less than 50 pg/ml to 250 +/- 130 pg/ml at the peak of the pressor response.
      Larger doses of liposomes (220 mumol of total lipids) infused intravenously over
      1 h increased pulmonary arterial pressure maximally within the first 15 min.
      Lymph flow increased and lymph protein concentration decreased, suggesting
      venoconstriction. Over half (62.4 +/- 15.7%) of 111In-labeled liposomes remained
      in the lung after 2 h. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy showed
      that greater than 90% of the liposomes were associated with mononuclear cells in
      the lumen of the alveolar wall microvessels. We conclude that liposomes affect
      pulmonary arterial pressure transiently by a mechanism involving the arachidonate
      cascade, principally thromboxane. Our observations suggest that a population of
      pulmonary intravascular macrophages is likely to be the source of the thromboxane
      and the pulmonary hemodynamic and lymph dynamic changes that occur in a dose
      dependent fashion, although interactions between liposomes, leukocytes, or
      endothelial cells, in addition to the macrophages, have not been completely ruled
      out. We believe this is the first demonstration that pulmonary intravascular
      macrophages may be the source of the arachidonate metabolites rather than
      endothelial cells, neutrophils, or perivascular interstitial cells.

PMID- 3366737
TI  - Hyperoxia causes increased albumin permeability of cultured endothelial
      monolayers.
AB  - When confluent calf pulmonary arterial endothelial monolayers cultured on
      polycarbonate micropore membranes were exposed to hyperoxia (95% O2) for 3 days,
      endothelial cells became enlarged, and their permeability to 125I-labeled albumin
      was markedly increased. Similar changes were not observed when endothelial
      monolayers were exposed to hyperoxia for 1 or 2 days. Cell counting and acridine
      orange staining of endothelial monolayers revealed that the hyperoxia-induced
      increase in albumin permeability was not associated with a denuding injury or
      loss of cells from the monolayers. Vimentin filament staining of O2-exposed
      monolayers showed thickening of the perinuclear vimentin coil in some cells.
      Rhodamine-phalloidin staining demonstrated that hyperoxia caused a progressive
      alteration in the actin distribution. Two days after O2 exposure, peripheral
      actin bands became thinner, whereas the number of cytoplasmic stress fibers was
      increased. Three days after O2 exposure, peripheral actin bands of most cells
      were disrupted or absent. Because peripheral actin bands play an important role
      in maintaining the integrity of endothelial monolayers, disruption of peripheral
      bands by hyperoxia may in part be responsible for the observed change in
      permeability.

PMID- 3366736
TI  - Glycogen concentrations and endurance capacity of rats with chronic heart
      failure.
AB  - The endurance capacities of rats with myocardial infarctions (MI) and of rats
      having undergone sham operations (SHAM) were tested during a submaximal exercise
      regimen that consisted of swimming to exhaustion. During this test, a decrement
      in the endurance capacity of the MI rat was demonstrated as the SHAM rat swam 25%
      longer than the MI rat (65 +/- 4 vs. 52 +/- 4 min). Glycogen concentrations were
      measured in the liver and the white gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus muscles
      of SHAM and MI rats that were randomly divided into four subgroups, which
      consisted of resting control, swim to exhaustion, swim to exhaustion + 24 h
      recovery, and swim to exhaustion + 24 h recovery + a second swim to exhaustion.
      The results demonstrated that the glycogen concentrations found in the liver,
      white gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus muscles of the SHAM and MI rats
      belonging to the resting control groups were similar. After swimming to
      exhaustion the glycogen concentrations in these tissues were significantly
      reduced compared with those found in the resting control groups of rats, and
      after 24 h of recovery the glycogen concentrations in these tissues were again
      similar to those found in the resting control groups of rats. Since the magnitude
      of the glycogen depletion in the liver and the white gastrocnemius, plantaris,
      and soleus muscles was similar in the SHAM and MI rats and because the SHAM rats
      consistently swam for longer periods of time in each of the experimental groups,
      it would be logical to assume that the rates of glycogen utilization for the
      various tissues may have been greater in the MI rat during exercise.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366738
TI  - Quantification of pulmonary vascular occlusion in dogs by use of the diffusing
      capacity.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments was to quantify stagnant intrapulmonary blood
      caused by a pulmonary arterial occlusion (PAO). The hypothesis was that the
      diffusing capacity of the lung for CO (DLCO) would be altered little by PAO when
      measured with the usual inspired concentrations (0.3%) of CO, since stagnant
      blood distal to the occlusion takes up CO for 20 s or more before significant CO
      backpressure would develop. However, higher levels of CO (i.e., greater than or
      equal to 3%) would equilibrate faster with capillary blood (within 5-10 s), and
      DLCO measured 10-20 s subsequent to the high CO exposure would reflect only the
      DLCO in the unoccluded regions. Thus the fractional reduction in DLCO measured
      with 3% CO, with respect to that measured with 0.3% CO, should be related to the
      fractional occlusion of the pulmonary artery in a predictable way. We occluded
      the right pulmonary artery (RPAO), the left pulmonary artery (LPAO), or the left
      lower lobar artery (LLPAO) and found that DLCO measured during rebreathing a 0.3%
      CO mixture was 80, 87, and 94%, respectively, of the preocclusion value, whereas
      the DLCO measured during rebreathing a 3.3% CO mixture was 59, 73, and 87% of the
      preocclusion value. A computer model was developed to predict the reduction in
      DLCO at different levels of CO exposure that would be caused by varying fractions
      of PAO. Our data indicated that RPAO corresponded to a 42% vascular occlusion,
      LPAO a 35% occlusion, and LLPAO a 20% occlusion. Measurement of DLCO using low
      and high concentrations of CO might be useful in assessing the fraction of
      vascular bed occluded and in following noninvasively the course of vascular
      occlusion in a variety of pulmonary diseases.

PMID- 3366739
TI  - Regional heat flows of resting and exercising men immersed in cool water.
AB  - Trunk (HT), limb (HL), and whole-body (HDIR = HT + HL + Hforehead) skin-to-water
      heat flows were measured by heat flow transducers on nine men immersed head out
      in water at critical temperature (TCW = 30 +/- 2 degrees C) and below [overall
      water temperature (TW) range = 22-32 degrees C] after up to 3 h at rest and
      exercise. Body heat flow was also determined indirectly (HM) from metabolic rate
      corrected for changes in heat stores. At rest at TCW [O2 uptake (VO2) = 0.33 +/-
      0.07 l/min, n = 7], HT = 52.3 +/- 14.2 (SD) W, HL = 56.4 +/- 14.6 W, HDIR = 120
      +/- 27 W, and HM = 111 +/- 29 W (significantly different from HDIR). TW markedly
      affected HDIR but only slightly affected HM (n = 22 experiments at TW different
      from TCW plus 7 experiments at TCW). During light exercise (3 MET) at TCW (VO2 =
      1.06 +/- 0.26 l/min, n = 9), HT = 122 +/- 43 W, HL = 130 +/- 27 W, HDIR = 285 +/-
      69 W, and HM = 260 +/- 60 W. During severe exercise (7 MET) at TCW (VO2 = 2.27 +/
      0.50 l/min, n = 4), HT = 226 +/- 100 W, HL = 262 +/- 61 W, HDIR = 517 +/- 148 W,
      and HM = 496 +/- 98 W. Lowering TW at 7-MET exercise (n = 9, plus 4 at TCW) had
      no effect on HDIR and HM. In conclusion, resting HL and HT are equal. At TW less
      than TCW at rest, HDIR greater than HM, showing that unexpectedly the shell was
      still cooling. During exercise, HL increases more than HT but less than expected
      from the heat production of the working limbs. Therefore some heat produced by
      the limbs is probably transported by blood to the trunk. During heavy exercise,
      HDIR is constant at all considered TW; apparently it is regulated by some
      thermally dependent mechanism, such as a progressive cutaneous vasodilation
      occurring as TW increases.

PMID- 3366741
TI  - Abnormal control of ventilation in high-altitude pulmonary edema.
AB  - We wished to determine the role of hypoxic chemosensitivity in high-altitude
      pulmonary edema (HAPE) by studying persons when ill and upon recovery. We studied
      seven males with HAPE and seventeen controls at 4,400 m on Mt. McKinley. We
      measured ventilatory responses to both O2 breathing and progressive poikilocapnic
      hypoxia. Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was described by the slope relating
      minute ventilation to percent arterial O2 saturation (delta VE/delta SaO2%). HAPE
      subjects were quite hypoxemic (SaO2% 59 +/- 6 vs. 85 +/- 1, P less than 0.01) and
      showed a high-frequency, low-tidal-volume pattern of breathing. O2 decreased
      ventilation in controls (-20%, P less than 0.01) but not in HAPE subjects. The
      HAPE group had low HVR values (0.15 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.08, P less than
      0.01), although six controls had values in the same range. The three HAPE
      subjects with the lowest HVR values were the most hypoxemic and had a paradoxical
      increase in ventilation when breathing O2. We conclude that a low HVR plays a
      permissive rather than causative role in the pathogenesis of HAPE and that the
      combination of extreme hypoxemia and low HVR may result in hypoxic depression of
      ventilation.

PMID- 3366740
TI  - Spectral analysis of ventilation in elderly subjects awake and asleep.
AB  - We studied the periodicities of ventilation in elderly subjects using digital
      comb filtering. Two groups of subjects were studied, those with and without sleep
      apnea. Measurements were made in wakefulness, stage 1-2 sleep, and where possible
      in stage 3-4 sleep. For each of the digital filters we calculated the average
      power of the oscillatory output. To compare subject groups we first specifically
      determined the average power in the filter with the maximum output. The mean of
      this measurement was greater in elderly subjects with apnea compared with those
      without apnea, both during wakefulness and stage 1-2 sleep. In both groups of
      subjects the cycle time of the major ventilatory oscillations was on the order of
      40-60 s. There was no difference in this cycle time between the two groups of
      subjects in wakefulness or stage 1-2 sleep. Thus, whereas similar oscillatory
      processes occur in subjects with and without apnea, it is the magnitude of the
      oscillation that differs between the two groups. These conclusions are supported
      by analysis of the output of individual filters of the digital comb filter. In
      both groups, stage 1-2 sleep produced significantly increased oscillations in
      ventilation. Both in wakefulness and stage 1-2 sleep, significantly greater
      periodicities occurred in the apneic compared with the nonapneic group. In the
      few subjects who had sufficient data in stage 3-4 sleep for spectral analysis,
      ventilatory oscillations were virtually absent in this state. Our data suggest
      that subjects who develop apnea during sleep have an increased propensity for
      periodic breathing even while awake.

PMID- 3366742
TI  - Convective mixing in human respiratory tract: estimates with aerosol boli.
AB  - Convective gas mixing in the respiratory tract of 17 healthy male subjects was
      studied by an aerosol bolus technique. The monodisperse 1 micron di(2
      ethylhexyl)sebacate droplets we used behaved as a nondiffusing gas. As the bolus
      was inspired to different depths and then expired, we measured the extent to
      which the bolus spread. We found that the deeper the bolus penetrated into the
      lungs, the more it became dispersed. The half-width of the expired bolus was a
      linear function of the volume to which the bolus penetrated at volumetric
      penetrations of 100-800 cm3. This suggests that convective mixing is not confined
      to central airways but can also occur in the lung periphery.

PMID- 3366743
TI  - A continuous noncontact method for measuring in situ vascular diameter with a
      video camera.
AB  - A new, continuous, on-line, video diameter-measuring technique, utilizing a video
      camera mounted on the sidearm of a stereo microscope, is described. Vessel
      diameter is derived from changes in the video output signal of the camera or a
      video recorder when the vessel of interest is displayed horizontally on a monitor
      and well contrasted with its background. A comparator threshold is set on the
      filtered video output signal and generates an output pulse that is used to gate
      horizontal video sync pulses to a digital counter-timer. The number of pulses
      counted for each video field (no. of horizontal video lines) is proportional to
      the vessel diameter. The video-derived diameter is calibrated using known
      standards and correlates well with sonomicrometer-derived diameters of the
      carotid artery and jugular vein during increasing pressure ramps (r greater than
      0.999). The diameter update rate is 60 Hz, and the resolution of the system is
      one horizontal video line, independent of the vessel size. With suitable
      magnification and contrast both arteries and veins as small as 200 micron have
      been measured using this system.

PMID- 3366744
TI  - Head position modifies upper airway resistance in men.
AB  - We measured in healthy volunteers airway resistance (R(aw)), resistance of the
      respiratory system (Rrs), and supralaryngeal resistance (Rsl) in the following
      head positions: neutral, extended, and partially and fully flexed. Sagittal
      magnetic resonance images of the upper airways were recorded in neutral and
      flexed head positions. We observed significant increases in Raw (P less than
      0.01), Rrs (P less than 0.001), and Rsl (P less than 0.001) in the flexed
      position, with respect to the neutral one, and corresponding decreases of
      specific airway and specific respiratory conductances. Resistances decreased
      (although not significantly) when the subjects' heads were extended. A decrease
      in both diameter and surface area of the hypopharyngeal airways (as shown by
      magnetic resonance images) with total head flexion was accompanied by significant
      increases in all measured resistances. Changes in the caliber of hypopharynx
      appear to be responsible for the increase in resistance during head flexion.

PMID- 3366745
TI  - Inconsistencies in Operation Everest II articles.

PMID- 3366746
TI  - Regulation of lung volume in sleeping premature infants.

PMID- 3366747
TI  - Blood lactate concentration in exercise.

PMID- 3366748
TI  - Effects of lung volume, bronchoconstriction, and cigarette smoke on morphometric
      airway dimensions.
AB  - To examine the role of airway wall thickening in the bronchial
      hyperresponsiveness observed after exposure to cigarette smoke, we compared the
      airway dimensions of guinea pigs exposed to smoke (n = 7) or air (n = 7). After
      exposure the animals were anesthetized with urethan, pulmonary resistance was
      measured, and the lungs were removed, distended with Formalin, and fixed near
      functional residual capacity. The effects of lung inflation and
      bronchoconstriction on airway dimensions were studied separately by distending
      and fixing lungs with Formalin at total lung capacity (TLC) (n = 3), 50% TLC (n =
      3), and 25% TLC (n = 3) or near residual volume after bronchoconstriction (n =
      3). On transverse sections of extraparenchymal and intraparenchymal airways the
      following dimensions were measured: the internal area (Ai) and internal perimeter
      (Pi), defined by the epithelium, and the external area (Ae) and external
      perimeter (Pe), defined by the outer border of smooth muscle. Airway wall area
      (WA) was then calculated, WA = Ae - Ai. Ai, Pe, and Ae decreased with decreasing
      lung volume and after bronchoconstriction. However, WA and Pi did not change
      significantly with lung volume or after bronchoconstriction. After cigarette
      smoke exposure airway resistance was increased (P less than 0.05); however, there
      was no difference in WA between the smoke- and air-exposed groups when the
      airways were matched by Pi. We conclude that Pi and WA are constant despite
      changes in lung volume and smooth muscle tone and that airway hyperresponsiveness
      induced by cigarette smoke is not mediated by increased airway wall thickness.

PMID- 3366749
TI  - Catalase prevents increased lung vascular permeability during air emboli in
      unanesthetized sheep.
AB  - We studied the effects of bovine catalase on increased lung vascular permeability
      to fluid and protein during air emboli in unanesthetized sheep. Pulmonary
      arterial and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, lymph and
      plasma protein concentrations, arterial PO2, and numbers of arterial leukocytes
      were measured in paired experiments in which each sheep served as its own
      control. We found an increase in protein-rich lung lymph flow during embolization
      in untreated sheep, indicating an increase in microvascular permeability. When
      sheep were pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of catalase (50 mg/kg
      divided over the 24 h before air infusion), vascular pressures, arterial PO2, and
      leukocyte counts were not different from when the sheep were untreated, but the
      expected increases in transvascular fluid and protein flow during emboli were
      significantly attenuated (by approximately 50%). This effect required catalase
      enzyme activity, as demonstrated by the failure of enzymatically inactivated
      catalase (by reaction in vitro with aminotriazole in the presence of H2O2) or
      catalase vehicle (0.1% thymol in water) to affect the lung lymph response to air
      emboli. We conclude that H2O2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of the acute lung
      injury caused by intravenous air infusions into unanesthetized sheep. Because
      both catalase and superoxide dismutase have protected sheep lungs from air emboli
      induced increased vascular permeability, a possible specific cause of
      microvascular barrier injury could be hydroxyl radicals formed from reactions
      between H2O2 and superoxide anion.

PMID- 3366750
TI  - Long-term respiratory effects of neonatal hypoxia in the rat.
AB  - Rats maintained in a hypoxic environment during the 1st wk after birth decrease
      body growth and O2 consumption (VO2) and increase minute ventilation (VE). At the
      same time the lungs undergo changes in structure, which suggests a protection of
      the gas exchange area (Mortola et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 61: 1329-1336, 1986). In
      this study we asked to what extent these adaptive changes would persist after
      return to normoxia. Newborn rats were kept in 10% O2 during the 1st wk of life,
      then returned to normoxic breathing, and measurements were performed weekly. Body
      weight (BW) increased very little during the week of hypoxia, but after return to
      normoxia body growth was more than in control rats, and eventually BW reached the
      control value at 2 mo of age. Both VO2/BW (measured manometrically) and VE/BW
      (measured by flow plethysmography or by the barometric method) were above control
      in the 1st wk after hypoxia, probably reflecting the higher O2 demands of the
      rapidly growing animals. However, VE remained elevated even at 7-8 wk of age
      (i.e., postpuberty), at a time when both BW and VO2 were as in controls.
      Measurements of blood gases at this age indicated that the persistent
      hyperventilation was not due to hypoxemia and was accompanied by hypocapnia and
      alkalosis. Hematocrit and heart mass-to-BW ratio, elevated in hypoxia, returned
      to control values within 1 wk, whereas dry lung weight-to-BW ratio remained above
      the control values as much as during the hypoxic exposure. These results suggest
      that early postnatal hypoxia in the rat could have long-term effects on the
      regulation of breathing.

PMID- 3366751
TI  - Dissociation between diaphragmatic and rib cage muscle fatigue.
AB  - To assess rib cage muscle fatigue and its relationship to diaphragmatic fatigue,
      we recorded the electromyogram (EMG) of the parasternal intercostals (PS),
      sternocleidomastoid (SM), and platysma with fine wire electrodes and the EMG of
      the diaphragm (DI) with an esophageal electrode. Six normal subjects were studied
      during inspiratory resistive breathing. Two different breathing patterns were
      imposed: mainly diaphragmatic or mainly rib cage breathing. The development of
      fatigue was assessed by analysis of the high-to-low (H/L) ratio of the EMG. To
      determine the appropriate frequency bands for the PS and SM, we established their
      EMG power spectrum by Fourier analysis. The mean and SD for the centroid
      frequency was 312 +/- 16 Hz for PS and 244 +/- 48 Hz for SM. When breathing with
      the diaphragmatic patterns, all subjects showed a fall in H/L of the DI and none
      had a fall in H/L of the PS or SM. During rib cage emphasis, four out of five
      subjects showed a fall in H/L of the PS and five out of six showed a fall in H/L
      of the SM. Four subjects showed no fall in H/L of the DI; the other two subjects
      were unable to inhibit diaphragm activity to a substantial degree and did show a
      fall in H/L of the DI. Activity of the platysma was minimal or absent during
      diaphragmatic emphasis but was usually strong during rib cage breathing. We
      conclude that fatigue of either the diaphragm or the parasternal and
      sternocleidomastoid can occur independently according to the recruitment pattern
      of inspiratory muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366752
TI  - Measurement of pulmonary mechanics in the newborn lamb: a comparison of three
      techniques.
AB  - Although recent interest in neonatal respiratory mechanics has led to the
      development of a plethora of techniques for measuring lung compliance and
      resistance, a critical appraisal of the limitations of these techniques in the
      newborn has not been performed to date. We evaluated three techniques of
      measuring respiratory mechanics in the newborn lamb, with the reference method
      (method 1) being the Mead-Whittenberger technique using flow, volume, and
      esophageal pressure (Pes) by water-filled catheter, and the other two methods
      entailing the measurement of mouth pressure (Pm) during airway occlusion (method
      2 using end-expiratory occlusion; method 3 using end-inspiratory occlusion). Each
      technique was evaluated during eupnea and tachypnea in intubated and nonintubated
      newborn lambs. We found that the use of Pes for the measurement of resistance and
      compliance gave the most reliable results during both eupnea and tachypnea in
      both the intubated and nonintubated subjects. The airway occlusion techniques
      that use Pm to derive resistance and compliance (methods 2 and 3) gave more
      variable results under all conditions of testing. Method 2 was the least precise
      method of measurement with a variability of greater than 30% compared with a
      variation of less than 20% for method 1. For all three methods, it was found that
      the number of breaths needed for reproducible measurements of mechanics was four
      to six during eupnea and seven to nine during tachypnea.

PMID- 3366753
TI  - A cloned rat thymic epithelial cell line established from serum-free selective
      culture.
AB  - A serum-free system has been developed for selective growth and long-term culture
      of rat thymic epithelial cells. The growth media is a modification of McKeehan's
      WAJC 404, plus insulin, cholera toxin, dexamethasone, and epidermal growth
      factor. Cultures have been continuously passaged and maintained for over 6 mo.,
      and a cloned cell line, TEA3A1, has been established. These cells are epithelial,
      judging by morphology and ultrastructure, and are positive for A2B5 and thymosin
      alpha 1 markers for thymic endocrine cells.

PMID- 3366754
TI  - Clonal growth of normal human uroepithelial cells.
AB  - We report the development of culture conditions which routinely support clonal
      growth of normal human uroepithelial cells (HUC). Secondary cultures seeded at
      clonal densities and grown under conditions described herein have a colony
      forming efficiency (CFE) and colony size that will be useful for in vitro
      experiments. Primary cultures were dispersed to single cells and seeded in a
      supplemented Ham's F12 medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum together with 3 X
      10(5) lethally irradiated Swiss 3T3 feeder cells on plastic substrates
      preequilibrated with F12 medium containing 5 or 10% serum. Using these
      conditions, the average CFE was 16.1 +/- 2.5%. A cloning efficiency of 4.9 +/-
      1.5% was obtained under the same conditions in serum-free F12+ when supplemented
      with a mixture of trace elements or 0.1 mM ethanolamine. The epithelial nature of
      the cloned cells was confirmed by morphology and by positive immunofluorescent
      staining for human epithelial keratin proteins. To make this system useful for
      mutagenesis experiments, a clone of Swiss 3T3 feeder cells resistant to 5
      micrograms/ml 6-thioguanine (6TG) was derived from the parental cell line. This 6
      TG-resistant Swiss 3T3 clone supports HUC clonal growth with a CFE of 17.9 +/-
      2.0% CFE. We also report clonal growth of HUC without feeder cells using
      supplemented MCDB 170 medium containing 70 micrograms/ml bovine pituitary
      extract. The average cloning efficiency using these conditions was 5.7 +/- 1.7%.

PMID- 3366755
TI  - Factors associated with premature medication discontinuation among responders to
      an MAOI or a tricyclic antidepressant.
AB  - The charts of 80 outpatients who responded to antidepressants were reviewed to
      determine if there was a higher rate of premature medication discontinuation with
      phenelzine than with imipramine. The phenelzine responders had a significantly (p
      less than .01) higher rate of drug discontinuation, mainly because of side
      effects. Controlled studies of long-term use are needed to better explain the
      problem of attrition.

PMID- 3366756
TI  - Affective cycling in thyroid disease.
AB  - Depression in an elderly man with primary recurrent unipolar depression responded
      to radioactive iodine treatment of a thyrotoxic nodule, without the addition of
      psychotropic medications. Two months later, manic symptoms developed concomitant
      with the termination of the hyperthyroid state secondary to the radioactive
      iodine treatment. Clinical implications of these findings in relation to the
      possible mechanism of action of thyroid hormones on affective cycling are
      discussed.

PMID- 3366757
TI  - Mania with cryptococcal meningitis in two AIDS patients.
AB  - Two AIDS patients with mania were found to have cryptococcal meningitis. In
      patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, physicians must thoroughly
      investigate the possibility of an organically based psychiatric syndrome.

PMID- 3366758
TI  - Increased libido in three men treated with trazodone.
AB  - Two sexual side effects associated with trazodone have been reported: priapism in
      men and increased libido in women. This report describes three depressed men who
      had increased libido while receiving trazodone. Possible mechanisms are
      suggested. Research is needed to explore trazodone's usefulness in treating
      disorders of sexual desire.

PMID- 3366759
TI  - Capgras' syndrome: delusion on illusion.

PMID- 3366760
TI  - Single site-modified congeners of vinblastine dissociate its various anti
      microtubule actions.
AB  - New C-20' alkyl congeners of vinblastine (VBL) were examined for their reaction
      with purified microtubule protein or steady-state microtubules in vitro. We found
      that each of the three typical activities of VBL with this system was amenable to
      alteration through structural modification of the molecule at this single site.
      The activity profiles were congener-specific, and they establish the dissociable
      nature of the various actions that characterize the parent molecule, VBL.

PMID- 3366762
TI  - Resolution of the lifetimes and correlation times of the intrinsic tryptophan
      fluorescence of human hemoglobin solutions using 2 GHz frequency-domain
      fluorometry.
AB  - We used 2 GHz harmonic content frequency-domain fluorescence to measure the
      intensity and the anisotropy decays from the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence
      from human hemoglobin (Hb). The tryptophan intensity decays are dominated by a
      short-lived component which accounts for 35-60% of the total steady state
      intensity. The decay time of this short component varies from 9 to 27 ps and this
      component is sensitive to the ligation state of Hb. Our error analyses indicate
      the uncertainty is about +/- 3 ps. The intensity decays also show two longer
      lived components near 0.7 and 8 ns, which are probably due either to impurities
      or to Hb molecules in conformations which do not permit energy transfer. The
      anisotropy decays indicate the tryptophan residues in Hb are highly mobile, with
      apparent correlation times near 55 ps.

PMID- 3366761
TI  - The cell surface proteoglycan of mouse mammary epithelial cells. The
      extracellular domain contains N terminus and a peptide sequence present in a
      conditioned medium proteoglycan.
AB  - The cell surface proteoglycan of mouse mammary epithelial (NMuMG) cells behaves
      as a receptor for interstitial matrix materials and consists of a membrane
      associated domain and an extracellular domain (ectodomain). The ectodomain can be
      released intact from the cell surface by mild trypsin treatment and appears to be
      shed from the cells into the culture medium by cleavage from the membrane
      associated domain. We have examined the chemical relationship between the trypsin
      released proteoglycan and shed proteoglycan to assess their relationship to each
      other and to the cell surface. Purification and amino acid sequencing of the
      ectodomain released by mild trypsin treatment resulted in no clear signal until
      the protein was cleaved by CNBr treatment, suggesting that its N terminus is
      blocked and oriented extracellularly. The amino acid sequence identified in the
      trypsin-released ectodomain is present near the N terminus of the shed
      proteoglycan purified from conditioned medium, indicating that both forms possess
      closely related (if not identical) core proteins. The sequence reveals a
      pentapeptide identical to one near the C terminus of the rat hepatic lectin (RHL
      1, rat asialoglycoprotein receptor). The medium proteoglycan, which migrates as a
      smear on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (between 93
      and 200 kDa), is heterogeneous due to varying amounts of glycosaminoglycan and
      substituted O-linked oligosaccharide present on an approximately 46-kDa
      polypeptide.

PMID- 3366763
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a chondroitin sulfate-degrading endo-beta
      glucuronidase from rabbit liver.
AB  - An endo-beta-glucuronidase acting on chondroitin sulfate was isolated from rabbit
      liver and purified about 550-fold, using a combination of ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300,
      affinity chromatography through heparin-Sepharose CL-6B and preparative
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pH optimum of this enzyme was 4.0 and the
      Km value 7 X 10(-3) M for chondroitin sulfate (Mr 40,000). The isoelectric point
      of the enzyme was found to be at pH 5.4. The molecular weight, estimated by gel
      filtration through Sephacryl S-200 and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, was 35,000. This enzyme, which was found in the liver,
      kidney, spleen, and lung, hydrolyzed the glucuronyl galactose linkage of the
      linkage region of chondroitin sulfate possessing a very small peptide segment.
      The enzyme did not hydrolyze proteoglycan. It was concluded that an endo-beta
      glucuronidase is involved in the catabolism of proteoglycan chondroitin sulfates.

PMID- 3366764
TI  - Methotrexate-resistant Leishmania donovani genetically deficient in the folate
      methotrexate transporter.
AB  - From a mutagenized population of wild type Leishmania donovani promastigotes, a
      clone was isolated in a single step by virtue of its resistance to 1 mM
      methotrexate, a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. This methotrexate
      selected cell line, MTXA5, was cross-resistant to aminopterin but just as
      sensitive to growth inhibition caused by pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, and
      cytotoxic purine and pyrimidine analogs. Unlike previously characterized
      methotrexate-resistant Leishmania (Coderre, J. A., Beverley, S. M., Schimke, R.,
      and Santi, D. V. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 2132-2136),
      resistance to the antimetabolite was not due to gene amplification or increased
      dihydrofolate reductase activity. The genetic defect in MTXA5 cells appeared to
      be in the methotrexate-folate transport system. The rate of uptake and transport
      of [3H]methotrexate and [3H]folate into MTXA5 cells was less than 1% of that of
      wild type parental cells. Neither wild type nor MTXA5 cells could multiply in
      folate-deficient medium, and thymine and thymidine at concentrations which
      circumvented methotrexate toxicity, did not restore the ability of Leishmania to
      grow. The concentration of exogenous folate that restored growth of wild type and
      mutant cells, however, was virtually identical, although MTXA5 cells, unlike
      parental cells, could not proliferate in folate-deficient medium supplemented
      with 10 microM biopterin. Interestingly, methotrexate and aminopterin could
      stimulate the growth of both leishmanial strains in folate-deficient medium,
      suggesting that these antifolate analogs were serving as a pteridine source for
      the parasite. These somatic cell genetic studies of folate transport in
      Leishmania provide genetic evidence for a specific folate permease in L. donovani
      promastigotes and have important implications concerning the mechanisms by which
      these parasites utilize exogenous pteridines and folates and by which they might
      become resistant to parasite-directed chemotherapeutic regimens.

PMID- 3366765
TI  - Influence of the subendothelial basement membrane components on fibrin assembly.
      Evidence for a fibrin binding site on type IV collagen.
AB  - Effective repair of a vascular injury depends on establishment of a stable fibrin
      patch at the injury site. Data presented in this study demonstrate that
      structural modification of fibrin occurs as a result of fibrin interaction with
      naturally occurring components of the vascular basement membrane and
      subendothelial structures. Of the basement membrane components, type IV collagen
      produces the greatest structural modification, generating thick fibrin fibers; a
      3-fold increase in the fiber mass/length ratio occurs when type IV collagen is
      increased from 0 to 100 ng/ml. Laminin and dermatan sulfate decrease the fibrin
      fiber mass/length ratio resulting in thinner fibers. However, the overall effect
      of the basement membrane on fibrin is to increase the fibrin fiber diameter.
      Electrophoretic light scattering and the binding of type IV collagen by
      fibrinogen-Sepharose further establish the interaction between type IV collagen
      and fibrinogen. Incorporation of laminin with type IV collagen onto coated
      surfaces decreases the ability of type IV collagen to bind fibrinogen. These
      studies emphasize that the final fibrin structure is influenced by the milieu in
      which the clot is assembled.

PMID- 3366766
TI  - Family relationships of murine major histocompatibility complex class I genes.
      Sequence of the T2Aa pseudogene, a member of gene family 3.
AB  - The major histocompatibility complex of the mouse contains numerous class I
      genes, most of which are encoded in the Qa and Tla regions. By hybridizations,
      the murine class I genes have been classified into three major families (Rogers,
      J. H. (1985a) Immunogenetics 21, 343-353). As yet, complete sequences are
      available only for members of family 1 (several H-2 and Qa genes) or family 2
      (the pseudoallelic Tla genes T3b and T13c). We here present the complete
      nucleotide sequence of a gene from the Tla region that belongs to family 3. This
      gene, T2Aa, is a pseudogene by several criteria. The general structure of the
      gene is nonetheless well preserved. A comparison of the T2Aa sequence to those of
      other murine class I genes confirms the classification into three gene families.
      Members of gene families 2 and 3, located in the Tla region, are no more similar
      to each other than to family 1 (the H-2 and Qa2,3 genes). This suggests that
      families 2 and 3 were both created by ancient duplications of the functionally
      important family 1 genes. The fact that families 2 and 3 have diverged
      extensively both from family 1 and from each other may suggest that they are
      devoid of function.

PMID- 3366768
TI  - A synthetic analog of the calmodulin-binding domain of myosin light chain kinase
      inhibits melanotropin receptor function and activation of adenylate cyclase.
AB  - In this study a synthetic analog of the calmodulin-binding domain of myosin light
      chain kinase, a 17-amino-acid peptide (M5) was used to examine the possible role
      of calmodulin in melanotropin receptor function. Binding of beta-melanocyte
      stimulating hormone to its membrane receptor and subsequent stimulation of
      adenylate cyclase (AC) were found to be specifically inhibited by M5 in a dose
      dependent and noncompetitive manner, both in intact M2R melanoma cells and in a
      plasma membrane preparation derived thereof. Half-maximal inhibition of both
      hormone binding and melanotropin-sensitive AC activity was shown to occur at
      approximately 1 microM M5. In contrast, stimulation of AC by prostaglandin E1,
      guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate, forskolin, and unstimulated enzyme activity
      were unaffected by the presence of M5, under the same assay conditions.
      Furthermore, addition of a molar excess of calmodulin to the AC assay completely
      abolished the inhibitory effects of the peptide on melanotropin-stimulated AC
      activity. Other peptides of similar size, which bind to calmodulin with low
      affinity (e.g. glucagon, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide), were
      shown to be totally ineffective in inhibiting melanotropin-sensitive AC. These
      findings, along with those shown previously for other antagonists of calmodulin,
      suggest a role for an M5-binding protein, as of yet unidentified, involved in the
      regulation of the melanotropin receptor function.

PMID- 3366767
TI  - Molecular cloning of cDNA corresponding to mRNA species whose steady state levels
      in the thyroid are enhanced by thyrotropin. Homology of one of these sequences
      with ferritin H.
AB  - A lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed using poly(A)+ mRNA from thyrotropin
      (TSH)-stimulated Fisher rat thyroid (FRTL5) cells. The library was screened for
      nonthyroglobulin cDNA sequences by differential plaque filter hybridization using
      single-stranded cDNA probes synthesized from mRNA prepared from quiescent and TSH
      stimulated FRTL5 cells. Thyroglobulin cDNA-containing recombinants in the library
      were avoided by prehybridizing the TSH probe to excess thyroglobulin cDNA. Of
      48,000 clones screened, 60 were chosen as representing mRNA species whose
      abundance was increased in TSH-stimulated versus quiescent cultures. Southern
      blot analysis of 9 clones confirmed that the TSH-cDNA probe hybridized to a
      greater extent to the cDNA inserts than did the control probe. cDNA insert sizes
      varied between 0.3 kilobase (kb) and 1.0 kb. Northern slot blot analysis using as
      probes the cDNA of four of these clones (FC4, FC26, FC29, and FC43) demonstrated
      that TSH stimulation of FRTL5 cells increased the steady state levels of the
      respective mRNA species by 4-12-fold. For all 4 clones, increases in mRNA levels
      were apparent within approximately 1 h and were maximal after 14-18 h of TSH
      stimulation. Determination of the partial nucleotide sequence of these 4 clones
      confirmed that none was thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, or any other gene
      previously reported to be stimulated by TSH. Three of the clones bore no homology
      to any known nucleotide sequence, but FC26 was 85% homologous with human ferritin
      H. Northern blot analysis using the FC26 cDNA insert as a probe confirmed
      hybridization to an mRNA species of 1 kb, the known size of ferritin H mRNA. In
      summary, using the technique of differential plaque filter hybridization, we have
      identified 4 new genes whose mRNA levels are increased by TSH stimulation of
      thyroid cells. One of these genes is homologous to human ferritin H.

PMID- 3366769
TI  - Identification and biochemical properties of 10-formyldihydrofolate, a novel
      folate found in methotrexate-treated cells.
AB  - The folate compound 10-formyldihydrofolate (H2folate) has not been found as a
      component of intracellular folates in normal tissues but has been identified in
      the cytosol of methotrexate (MTX)-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells and normal
      human myeloid precursor cells. Its identity was verified by coelution of this
      compound with a synthetic marker on high pressure liquid chromatography, its
      reduction to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate (H4folate) in the presence of
      dihydrofolate reductase, and its enzymatic deformylation to dihydrofolate in the
      presence of aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase.
      Chemically synthesized monoglutamated or pentaglutamated 10-formyl-H2folate was
      examined for its interaction with three folate-dependent enzymes: AICAR
      transformylase, glucinamide ribotide (GAR) transformylase, and
      thymidylatesynthase. 10-Formyl-H2folate-Glu5 was a competitive inhibitor of
      thymidylate synthase (Ki = 0.16 microM with 5,10-methylene-H4folate-Glu1 as
      substrate and 1.6 microM with 5,10-methylene-H4folate-Glu5) and inhibited GAR
      transformylase (Ki = 2.0 microM). It acted as a substrate for AICAR
      transformylase (Km = 5.3 microM), and its efficiency was equal to that of the
      natural substrate 10-formyl-H4folate-Glu5. The inhibition of thymidylate synthase
      by 10-formyl-H2folate was highly dependent on the inhibitor's polyglutamation
      state, the -Glu5 derivative having a 52-85-fold greater affinity as compared to
      the affinity of -Glu1. Polyglutamation of 10-formyl-H2folate did not affect its
      inhibition of GAR transformylase. While the actual role of 10-formyl-H2folate
      contributing to the cytotoxicity of MTX has not been determined, this compound
      has the potential to enhance inhibition of GAR transformylase and thymidylate
      synthase, and at the same time provides additional substrate for AICAR
      transformylase. The MTX-induced intracellular accumulation of 10-formyl-H2folate
      and H2folate may play a role in the drug-related cytotoxicity through the
      contribution of these folates to the inhibition of thymidylate synthase and de
      novo purine synthesis.

PMID- 3366770
TI  - Arginyl and histidyl groups are essential for organic anion exchange in renal
      brush-border membrane vesicles.
AB  - The effect of side chain modification on the organic anion exchanger in the renal
      brush-border membrane was examined to identify what amino acid residues
      constitute the substrate binding site. One histidyl-specific reagent, diethyl
      pyrocarbonate (DEPC), and 2 arginyl-specific reagents, phenylglyoxal and 2,3
      butanedione, were tested for their effect on the specifically mediated transport
      of p-amino[3H]hippurate (PAH), a prototypic organic anion. The specifically
      mediated transport refers to the difference in the uptake of [3H]PAH in the
      absence and presence of a known competitive inhibitor, probenecid, and was
      examined in brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from the outer cortex of
      canine kidneys. The experiments were performed utilizing a rapid filtration
      assay. DEPC, phenylglyoxal, and 2,3-butanedione inactivated the specifically
      mediated PAH transport, i.e. probenecid inhibitable transport with IC50 values of
      160, 710, and 1780 microM, respectively. The rates of PAH inactivation by DEPC
      and phenylglyoxal were suggestive of multiple pseudo first-order reaction
      kinetics and were consistent with a reaction mechanism whereby more than 1
      arginyl or histidyl residue is inactivated. Furthermore, PAH (5 mM) did not
      affect the rate of phenylglyoxal inactivation. In contrast, PAH (5 mM) affected
      the rate of DEPC inactivation. The modification by DEPC was specific for histidyl
      residues since transport could be restored by treatment with hydroxylamine. The
      results demonstrate that histidyl and arginyl residues are essential for organic
      anion transport in brush-border membrane vesicles. We conclude that the histidyl
      residue constitutes the cationic binding site for the anionic substrate, whereas
      the arginyl residue(s) serves to guide the substrate to or away from the histidyl
      site.

PMID- 3366771
TI  - N-linked glycosylation of a proenkephalin A-derived peptide. Evidence for the
      glycosylation of an NH2-terminally extended Met-enkephalin Arg6-Gly7-Leu8
      variant.
AB  - To investigate the possibility that the opioid peptide precursor proenkephalin A
      was glycosylated, we utilized an antiserum raised against the COOH terminus of
      Met-enkephalin Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MERGL) to identify and characterize enkephalin
      containing peptides from extracts of bovine adrenal medulla. Sephadex G-50 gel
      filtration separated two immunoreactive peaks which had apparent masses of 9 and
      6 kDa. Anion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the 9-kDa material was a heterogenous mixture
      of immunoreactive peptides, of which one (9K-MERGL Ia) was purified to
      homogeneity. The 6-kDa material separated into two major immunoreactive peaks (6K
      MERGL I and 6K-MERGL II) on anion-exchange chromatography, and these were
      obtained in an homogenous form after reverse-phase HPLC. Amino acid sequencing,
      together with immunological characterization, indicated that the three peptides
      were identical in chain length, and corresponded to proenkephalin A 116-165. They
      contained the sequence Asn-Ser-Ser which is a potential N-glycosylation site. In
      9K-MERGL Ia, but not the others, automated Edman amino acid sequencing was unable
      to detect the relevant asparagine residue, suggesting that this residue has been
      chemically modified. Further investigation of the 9K-MERGL material using lectin
      affinity chromatography provided direct evidence of glycosylation. Verification
      of this result was obtained using the specific enzyme glycopeptidase F
      (glycopeptide-N-glycosidase) which demonstrated that 9K-MERGL contained, in part,
      N-linked oligosaccharide chains. These results show that an NH2 terminally
      extended Met-enkephalin Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 variant was N-glycosylated, and hence
      indicate that the precursor polypeptide proenkephalin A can be glycosylated
      during translation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3366772
TI  - Organization and differential expression of two highly similar genes in the
      rabbit alcohol-inducible cytochrome P-450 subfamily.
AB  - The exon-intron organization of two rabbit genes that hybridize with cytochrome P
      450 3a (P-450ALC) cDNA has been determined by restriction mapping and sequence
      analysis. Gene 1 encodes cytochrome P-450 3a as judged by the complete identity
      of its coding nucleotide sequence with P-450 3a cDNA. Gene 2 encodes a previously
      uncharacterized cytochrome P-450 that is 97% identical in primary structure to P
      450 3a, with 16 amino acid differences scattered throughout the protein. Genes 1
      and 2, which are 10 and 9 kilobases in length, respectively, are comprised of 9
      exons with exon-intron junctions occurring at identical positions along the mRNA
      sequences. Each gene contains two transcription start sites approximately 27 and
      33 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation codon, as determined by
      primer extension and S1 nuclease protection experiments. The predicted lengths of
      gene 1 and 2 transcripts from the first transcription start site to the poly(A)
      attachment site are 1999 and 1660 nucleotides, respectively. This difference in
      size is primarily the result of a 338-base pair deletion in the 3' nontranslated
      portion of the gene 2 transcript relative to that of gene 1. The two genes show
      considerable similarity in their 5' flanking regions, including a "TATAA"
      transcriptional promoter element at position -28. However, a 32-base pair element
      that is repeated in gene 1 is present only as a single inexact copy in gene 2. By
      use of synthetic oligonucleotides as hybridization probes, gene 2 transcripts
      were shown to be present in poly(A)+ RNA from untreated rabbit liver at
      approximately 50% of P-450 3a mRNA levels. In kidney, however, no gene 2 mRNA was
      detected although 3a mRNA was present at approximately 10% of the level in liver.

PMID- 3366773
TI  - Rheology of G-actin solutions.
AB  - Recent reports that dilute solutions of G-actin form viscoelastic gels have been
      investigated using several experimental variations of three distinct physical
      techniques in independent laboratories. Direct measurement of storage and loss
      moduli were made using two rheometers of different design. Measurements of the
      diffusion of G-actin and of tracer particles added to G-actin solutions were
      carried out using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence photobleaching
      recovery techniques. Measurements were performed over a period of many hours, on
      actin solutions prepared under conditions for which anomalous gelation had been
      reported. All data from this investigation are consistent with the conclusion
      that dilute G-actin solutions behave as newtonian liquids.

PMID- 3366774
TI  - Methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate. An inhibitor of cell growth and proliferation and
      an endogenous ligand for nuclear type-II binding sites.
AB  - We previously described and partially characterized endogenous ligands for
      nuclear type II sites in normal and malignant tissues. Chromatography of these
      ligands on Sephadex LH-20 revealed that two peaks with binding activity (alpha
      and beta) could be resolved. The beta-peak component was present in all normal
      tissues that we examined, but not in malignant tissues, and it inhibited the
      growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Conversely, the alpha-peak
      component was found to be present in both normal and malignant tissues, and did
      not inhibit MCF-7 cell growth. The present studies describe the purification and
      identification of the alpha-peak and beta-peak components in bovine serum and an
      assessment of the effects of these compounds on normal and malignant cell growth.
      Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the purified beta-peak component
      demonstrated that the compound was methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate (MeHPLA).
      Competition analysis revealed that MeHPLA binds to nuclear type II sites with a
      high binding affinity, while physiological levels of this compound blocked
      estradiol stimulation of uterine growth in vivo and inhibited the growth of MCF-7
      human breast cancer cells in vitro. The alpha-peak component was found to be the
      corresponding acid, p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA). This compound interacted
      with nuclear type II sites with a relatively low affinity and did not block
      uterotropic response to estradiol or inhibit MCF-7 cell growth. These studies
      demonstrate that HPLA and MeHPLA are ligands for nuclear type II sites and that
      MeHPLA may be a very important regulator of normal and malignant cell growth.

PMID- 3366775
TI  - Biochemical characterization of prostaglandin 19-hydroxylase of seminal vesicles.
AB  - The microsomal fraction of homogenates of seminal vesicles of men and monkeys,
      Macaca fascicularis, were analyzed for prostaglandin (PG) 19-hydroxylase
      activity. The microsomes of the monkey seminal vesicles, supplemented with 1 mM
      NADPH, metabolized 0.2 mM PGE1 to 19-hydroxy-PGE1 at a mean rate of 0.26
      nmol/min/mg of protein (with an apparent Km and an apparent Vmax of 40 microM and
      0.30 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively). The enzyme catalyzed the
      incorporation of atmospheric oxygen into the substrate. Substituting NADH for
      NADPH reduced the prostaglandin E1 19-hydroxylase activity to 40%. Carbon
      monoxide and proadifen (SKF 525A) inhibited the enzyme. Prostaglandin E2 (0.2 mM)
      was metabolized to 19-hydroxyprostaglandin E2 (0.2 nmol/min/mg of protein), but
      PGE1 was preferred as a substrate. Prostaglandin B1 was metabolized to 18-hydroxy
      , 19-hydroxy-, and 20-hydroxyprostaglandin B1 at a combined rate of approximately
      25% of prostaglandin E1. 19-Hydroxyprostaglandin B1 was the main product. The
      microsomes of human seminal vesicles metabolized 0.2 mM PGE2 to 19-hydroxy-PGE2
      in the presence of 1 mM NADPH, while carbon monoxide inhibited this reaction.
      These results suggest that prostaglandin 19-hydroxylase of seminal vesicles might
      be a cytochrome P-450. The biosynthesis of 19-hydroxyprostaglandin E1 and 19
      hydroxyprostaglandin E2 was also studied in vivo in man by analysis of the
      product/substrate ratios (i.e. 19-hydroxyprostaglandin E1/prostaglandin E1 and 19
      hydroxyprostaglandin E2/prostaglandin E2) in a series of consecutive ejaculates,
      which were obtained during short intervals. There was a 10-fold interindividual
      difference in these ratios. Although the product/substrate ratios decreased, the
      19-hydroxylation of E prostaglandins appeared to be efficient in vivo, which was
      in contrast to the rather slow biosynthesis in vitro.

PMID- 3366776
TI  - The nuclear scaffold exhibits DNA-binding sites selective for supercoiled DNA.
AB  - Binding of exogenous DNA to the nuclear scaffold was investigated using a plasmid
      DNA (pBR322, EcoRI site deleted) of various topological forms and nuclear
      subfractions with different levels of nuclear DNA depletion. When supercoiled DNA
      was incubated with histone-depleted nuclei (nuclear halo), a dose-dependent
      binding of the DNA occurred, whereas no binding was observed with relaxed and
      linear forms of DNA. The bound DNA was released upon linearization with BamHI or
      digestion of the scaffolding structure with proteinase K. Extensive digestion of
      the halo with micrococcal nuclease generated additional sites which bind both
      relaxed and linear DNA. In the presence of a large excess of calf thymus DNA,
      these sites were effectively blocked and the specificity to supercoiled DNA was
      restored. The binding of all forms of DNA was abolished by heat-denatured DNA.
      There was no detectable change in linking number of the scaffold-associated
      supercoils. Competitive binding was observed between supercoiled DNAs with
      unrelated sequences, indicating that no specific nucleotide sequence is required
      for the binding. RNA was found to be a weak competitor. A DNA binding assay
      performed on electrophoretic blots of solubilized nuclear scaffold revealed a
      protein component with apparent molecular weight of 120,000 which retained
      selective binding to supercoils. These results suggest that the nuclear scaffold
      possesses DNA-binding sites for torsionally strained domains of chromatin and
      that an integral protein factor is involved in the binding. Implications of the
      findings are discussed in connection with proposed functions of the nuclear
      scaffold and topoisomerase II.

PMID- 3366777
TI  - Biosynthesis of the human sucrase-isomaltase complex. Differential O
      glycosylation of the sucrase subunit correlates with its position within the
      enzyme complex.
AB  - The biosynthesis and maturation of human sucrase-isomaltase (SI, EC 3.2.1.48-10),
      was studied in cultured small intestinal biopsy specimens and mucosa explants.
      Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine revealed one high mannose
      intermediate of Mr = 210,000 (pro-SIh) which was processed at a slow rate to an
      endo H-resistant, mature form of Mr = 245,000 (pro-SIc). The fully core
      glycosylated form (Mr = 212,000) was detected only when 1-deoxynojirimycin was
      added to the culture medium, thus indicating that the core sugars undergo rapid
      processing by rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound glycosidases. The data
      presented showed that trypsin specifically and instantaneously (within 1 min)
      cleaves pro-SIc to two subunits Ic (Mr = 145,000) and Sc (Mr = 130,000). Elastase
      and chymotrypsin are not effective. Enzymic and chemical deglycosylations of SI
      with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F/glycopeptidase F and
      trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) as well as probing for the binding capacity
      of SI to Helix pomatia lectin demonstrated that pro-SIc, Ic, and Sc are N- and O
      glycosylated. Furthermore, the results were indicative of a posttranslational O
      glycosylation of pro-SI, since (i) the earliest detectable precursor form, pro
      SIh, did not bind to H. pomatia lectin and (ii) its deglycosylation products with
      both endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase H and TFMS were identical. Both the Sc and
      Ic subunits contain eight N-linked glycan units, at least one of which is of the
      high mannose type and found on Sc. Finally, Sc, but not Ic, was shown to display
      at least four populations varying in their content of O-linked glycans. The
      heterogeneous O-glycosylation pattern of Sc could be correlated with the distal
      position of this subunit (and its O-glycosylation sites) within the pro-SI
      molecule, thus affecting the extent of O-linked oligosaccharide processing and
      their subsequent presentation on the mature molecule.

PMID- 3366778
TI  - Transcriptional activation of the rat liver S14 gene during postnatal
      development.
AB  - The mRNA coding for the rat liver S14 protein (Mr 17,000, pI 4.9) shows profound
      increases during postnatal development. In an effort to define the molecular
      basis for the postnatal rise in mRNAs14 we examined the chromatin organization of
      the S14 gene, its DNA methylation state, the hepatic expression of mRNAs14, and
      the in vitro S14 "run-on" activity prior to and after weaning at 21 days
      postpartum. In animals less than or equal to 15 days of age, the hepatic S14 gene
      is transcriptionally inactive, mRNAs14 levels are less than or equal to 0.5% of
      adult levels, and the chromatin organization within 11 kilobases of the 5' end of
      the S14 gene is similar to that found in tissues not expressing mRNAs14. From 18
      to 22 days postpartum, the transcriptional activity of the S14 gene increases
      greater than or equal to 40-fold and mRNAs14 increases greater than or equal to
      100-fold approaching adult levels of expression. Highly specific changes in S14
      chromatin structure accompany gene activation. The formation of Hss-1 near the
      S14 cap site (-65 to -265 base pairs) and Hss-3 -3.3 kilobases upstream from the
      S14 cap site suggests that changes in DNA-protein interaction at these sites may
      function in both the tissue-specific and developmental regulation of S14 gene
      expression. The methylation studies suggest HhaI sites may be a cue for the
      tissue-specific expression of S14. However, the maintenance of hypermethylated
      HpaII sites throughout S14 gene activation argues against a role for these sites
      in either the tissue-specific or developmental regulation of S14 gene expression.
      These studies show that the principal molecular mechanism accounting for the
      major rise in mRNAs14 during postnatal development is activation of gene
      transcription and not stabilization of S14 RNA.

PMID- 3366779
TI  - Discriminatory interaction of purified eukaryotic initiation factors 4F plus 4A
      with the 5' ends of reovirus messenger RNAs.
AB  - The interaction of several reovirus mRNAs with cap-binding initiation factors has
      been investigated. Two quantitative experimental techniques have been applied to
      this question: (a) the rates of reaction of different mRNAs with tobacco acid
      pyrophosphatase and (b) the extent of cross-linking of different mRNAs to
      initiation factors in the presence and absence of ATP. The effects of ionic
      strength on these reactions have also been investigated. Our results demonstrate
      for the first time that the purified initiation factors interact differentially
      with purified reovirus mRNAs under competitive conditions and thus confirm
      earlier interpretations based on kinetic data. Comparison of the data from these
      studies with the translational behavior of the reovirus mRNAs, both in vitro and
      in vivo, has also led to specific predictions about features of these mRNAs that
      determine their competitive efficiencies. 1) Under ordinary ionic conditions, the
      steric accessibility of the m7G cap moiety of a reovirus mRNA appears to be a
      major determinant of its translation rate. 2) When the ionic strength is
      increased to supranormal levels, an additional feature, which may simply be the
      amount of secondary structure formed by sequences proximal to the cap, can become
      rate-limiting for several, but not all, of these mRNAs.

PMID- 3366780
TI  - Isolation of a cDNA that encodes the peptide core of the secretory granule
      proteoglycan of rat basophilic leukemia-1 cells and assessment of its homology to
      the human analogue.
AB  - It has been previously shown that a single gene is used to encode the peptide
      core of the extracellular proteoglycan of rat L2 yolk sac tumor cells and the
      intracellular proteoglycan of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-1 cells. In order to
      determine if the predicted amino acid sequences of these proteoglycans are
      identical as well as to isolate a full length cDNA encoding a rat secretory
      granule proteoglycan, a cDNA library was prepared from RBL-1 cells and screened
      with the 165-base pair 5'----XmnI fragment of pPG-1, a partial cDNA which encodes
      the rat L2 cell proteoglycan peptide core. Based on the consensus nucleotide
      sequence of two full length RBL-1 cell-derived cDNAs, the 5' untranslated region
      of the mRNA that is expressed in RBL-1 cells is shorter than that expressed in
      the rat L2 cells although the coding regions of the mRNAs from the two cell types
      are identical. These findings indicate that the targeting of proteoglycans to an
      intracellular or extracellular compartment is a cell-specific event which is
      independent of the translated peptide core. Since the RBL-1 cell and the rat L2
      cell proteoglycans have different types of glycosaminoglycans bound to them, it
      can also be concluded that the selection of the type of glycosaminoglycan that
      will be synthesized onto a peptide core is a cell-specific event which is not
      exclusively dependent on the translated peptide core. When the predicted amino
      acid sequence of the RBL-1 cell proteoglycan peptide core was compared to the
      predicted sequence of the homologous human molecule from HL-60 cells, 48% of the
      amino acids were identical. The N terminus was the most highly conserved area of
      the molecule. This region of the peptide core, which precedes the serine-glycine
      repeat region, is likely to be of critical importance for the biosynthesis and/or
      function of these proteoglycans. Analysis of 10 different mouse/hamster somatic
      cell hybrid lines with a SspI----3' fragment of the rat L2 cell cDNA revealed
      that, as in the human, the gene that encodes the mouse analogue of this peptide
      core resides on chromosome 10.

PMID- 3366781
TI  - Characterization of the transferrin receptor in tunicamycin-treated A431 cells.
AB  - The transferrin receptor undergoes extensive co- and post-translational
      modifications during its biosynthesis. In this study, the functional and
      structural properties of the transferrin receptor from tunicamycin-treated A431
      cells were examined. Incubation of A431 cells with this inhibitor of asparagine
      linked glycosylation results in a shift of the apparent molecular weight of the
      transferrin receptor from 94,000 to 79,000. The electrophoretic mobility of the
      receptor from treated cells is that of a monomer under nonreducing conditions,
      whereas the transferrin receptor in untreated cells has the mobility of a dimer
      under identical conditions. This result indicates a lack of disulfide bond
      formation between subunits of the receptor from tunicamycin-treated cells. In
      solution no dimers can be detected with cross-linking studies. This
      unglycosylated receptor does not appear to stably bind transferrin as
      demonstrated by a lack of isolation of this form of the receptor with transferrin
      linked Sepharose. It is not transported to the surface of A431 cells.

PMID- 3366782
TI  - Rapid purification of mammalian cardiac troponin T and its isoform switching in
      rat hearts during development.
AB  - A rapid purification of troponin T from adult hearts of various species has been
      developed. The purification procedure included 60 degrees C treatment of the high
      salt extract, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography. The troponin T purified from the bovine left ventricle contained
      two isoforms, which differed in both apparent molecular mass and isoelectric
      point. Both isoforms were able to bind to F-actin filaments only in the presence
      of tropomyosin. Monoclonal antibody JLT12 against rabbit skeletal troponin T
      cross-reacted with both isoforms of bovine cardiac troponin T. There was no
      detectable difference in the relative amount of these two isoforms among
      different portions (atria, right and left ventricles) of the bovine heart. The
      purified protein was used as an antigen to immunize mice, and a mouse antiserum
      with high titer and specificity to both isoforms was subsequently obtained. This
      antiserum also cross-reacted with cardiac troponin T from chicken, rabbit, and
      rat. The antibodies were further used to probe cardiac development in rats by
      Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. The results clearly showed that there
      was a switch of troponin T isoforms between hearts from 20-day-old rat embryos
      and hearts from 14-day-old rats. Immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation
      products of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from day 5 rat hearts revealed the presence of
      two isoforms of troponin T, suggesting that two mRNAs coding for these two
      isoforms existed in the heart cells. It is of interest to not that some profound
      changes in the morphology and function of cardiac muscle have also been detected
      at this time of development. Troponin T isoform switching thus may well represent
      an important marker for cardiac development and function.

PMID- 3366783
TI  - Purification and analysis of murine 2-5A-dependent RNase.
AB  - 2-5A-dependent RNase (RNase L, RNase F) is an enzyme which mediates effects of 2
      5A (px(A2'p)nA; x = 2 or 3, n greater than or equal to 2) in cells. 2-5A binding
      activity present in mouse liver extracts was measured using a 32P-labeled 2-5A
      derivative. Analysis of Scatchard plots was consistent with a single
      noninteracting 2-5A binding site with a Ka of 2.5 X 10(10) M-1. Similarly,
      affinity labeling of proteins with a 32P-labeled 2-5A derivative revealed a
      single, high-affinity 2-5A-binding protein of Mr 80,000. This 2-5A-binding
      protein was the only mouse liver protein specifically and consistently eluted by
      2-5A from an affinity resin consisting of core(2-5A) covalently attached to
      cellulose. The 2-5A-eluted protein could degrade polyuridylic acid but not
      polycytidylic acid. Furthermore, when the 2-5A-eluted protein was electrophoresed
      into a polyuridylic acid-containing, nondenaturing gel, a band of degraded
      polyuridylic acid was demonstrated after incubation with 2-5A. There was no band
      of degraded polyuridylic acid when the elution was performed either in the
      absence of oligonucleotide or in the presence of low amounts of a closely related
      analog of 2-5A, p3I2'pA2'pA. Therefore, the Mr 80,000 2-5A-binding protein and
      the 2-5A-dependent RNase were almost certainly the same protein. Finally, the Mr
      80,000 2-5A-binding protein was purified to homogeneity by electroelution from a
      polyacrylamide gel.

PMID- 3366784
TI  - Post-translational changes in tertiary and quaternary structure of the insulin
      proreceptor. Correlation with acquisition of function.
AB  - Tertiary and quaternary structural changes that occur during post-translational
      processing of the insulin proreceptor were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In
      pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine, labeled insulin receptor species,
      isolated by immuno- and insulin-affinity adsorption, were analyzed by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions where
      intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds remained intact or were cleaved by
      reduction. Reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that the
      insulin receptor is synthesized as a long-lived (t1/2 = 3 h) proreceptor
      precursor of 210 kDa which undergoes proteolytic cleavage and carbohydrate
      maturation to form the alpha- and beta-subunits of the mature receptor. The
      proreceptor acquires insulin binding activity through a subtle structural change
      (t1/2 = 45 min) detected only by an autoimmune antibody specific for an epitope
      of the active insulin binding site. Analysis of insulin receptor species by
      nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the proreceptor
      undergoes two additional structural changes not detected by reducing SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The proreceptor is synthesized as a monomer
      (M1) with an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa that is converted by disulfide
      rearrangement to another monomeric form of 190-kDa apparent molecular mass (M2).
      N-Linked glycosylation is required for this transition, since aglycoproreceptor,
      synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin, does not undergo any detectable
      tertiary or quaternary structural changes. M2 self-associates to form a disulfide
      linked proreceptor dimer (D) which is subsequently proteolytically processed,
      forming the mature, disulfide-linked alpha 2 beta 2 receptor tetramer. The mature
      receptor was distinguished from the three proreceptor species (M1, M2, and D) by
      its cell surface location and its ability to bind tightly to wheat germ
      agglutinin-agarose, indicating the presence of complex oligosaccharide chains.
      Subcellular fractionation indicated that both the M1 to M2 and M2 to D
      conversions occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. Separation of the nonreduced
      proreceptor species into "active" and "inactive" forms by affinity chromatography
      on insulin-agarose revealed that neither the transition of M1 to M2, nor of M2 to
      D, is correlated with the acquisition of insulin binding function. Rather, during
      its life-time, the M2 species acquires insulin binding activity and an epitope
      recognized by a binding site specific autoimmune antibody through a subtle
      structural change not detected by reducing or nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3366785
TI  - An elastase inhibitor from equine leukocyte cytosol belongs to the serpin
      superfamily. Further characterization and amino acid sequence of the reactive
      center.
AB  - Horse leukocyte elastase inhibitor rapidly forms stable, equimolar complexes with
      both human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G, porcine pancreatic elastase, and
      bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. Formation of the inhibitor-pancreatic elastase complex
      results in peptide bond cleavage at the reactive site of the inhibitor so that a
      small peptide fragment representing the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the
      inhibitor is released. Sequence analysis of both this peptide, as well as that of
      an overlapping peptide obtained by enzymatic inactivation of native inhibitor
      with either Staphylococcus aureus metalloproteinase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      elastase, or cathepsin B, yields data which indicate that the reactive site
      encompasses a P1-P1' Ala-Met sequence. However, unlike the human endothelial
      plasminogen activator inhibitor, which also has a Met residue in the P1'
      position, oxidation of the horse inhibitor only slightly reduces its association
      rate constant with either of the elastolytic enzymes tested or with chymotrypsin.
      Comparison of the amino acid sequence at or near the reactive site of the horse
      inhibitor (P2-P18') with members of the serpin superfamily of proteinase
      inhibitors indicates that it not only belongs in this class but also represents
      the first example of a functionally active intracellular serpin.

PMID- 3366786
TI  - Non-B right-handed DNA conformations of homopurine.homopyrimidine sequences in
      the murine immunoglobulin C alpha switch region.
AB  - The switch region of IgA immunoglobulin in mice cloned into a recombinant plasmid
      contains a supercoil-dependent S1 nuclease hypersensitive site, indicative of a
      non-B-DNA secondary structure. This site maps to the (AGGAG)28 direct repeat
      (DR2) of the alpha switch region and appears at a negative superhelical density
      of greater than 0.02. Studies with P1 nuclease and bromoacetaldehyde indicate
      that this structure is also present at neutral pH. S1 nuclease sensitivity is
      retained for the shorter repeat (AGGAG)6GA in a recombinant plasmid but is not
      seen for the repeat (CTGAG)6, corresponding to the DR1 repeat of the alpha switch
      region, or in a sequence corresponding to a portion of the consensus sequence
      which contains a short stretch of alternating pyrine-pyrimidine residues. Fine
      mapping of the (AGGAG)6GA and flanking sequences with dimethyl sulfate,
      bromoacetaldehyde, osmium tetroxide, and diethyl pyrocarbonate reveals an
      asymmetric pattern of modification dependent on both pH and supercoiling. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis at low pH shows the relaxation of 3 superhelical
      turns on formation of this structure by the (AGGAG)6GA repeat. These results are
      most consistent with the formation of an intramolecular triple-strand.

PMID- 3366787
TI  - Tyrosine O-sulfation of the fibrinogen gamma B chain in primary cultures of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Sulfation of fibrinogen was studied in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes.
      After cells were incubated with [35S]sulfate, 35S-labeled fibrinogen was obtained
      from the medium by immunoprecipitation and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/fluorography. It was demonstrated that
      [35S]sulfate is exclusively incorporated into the gamma B chain, which is a minor
      variant form found in rat fibrinogen, in addition to a major gamma A chain. When
      the purified 35S-gamma B chain was digested with carboxypeptidase Y, the
      radioactivity was almost completely released from the protein, and the labeled
      product released was identified as tyrosine O-sulfate. Based on the available
      primary structure of the gamma B chain, the results suggest that sulfation occurs
      on the tyrosine residue at the second position from its COOH terminus. Pulse
      chase experiments using both [3H]leucine and [35S]sulfate showed that 35S-labeled
      fibrinogen is secreted into the medium much faster than the 3H-labeled molecule.
      Incubation of cells with monensin, an inhibitor of Golgi function, strongly
      inhibited the sulfation of fibrinogen. In addition, in vitro sulfation
      experiments demonstrated that sulfotransferase activity is localized in the Golgi
      fraction. These results indicate that the sulfation of fibrinogen takes place in
      the Golgi complex, especially in the trans Golgi region, just before its
      secretion.

PMID- 3366788
TI  - Effects of confluence on phosphate transport capacity in cultured renal cell
      lines.
AB  - The LLC-PK1 cell line transports phosphate (Pi), glucose, and amino acids using
      carriers similar to those in proximal tubular cells. Others have reported that
      when monolayers reach confluence, hexose transport increases and activity of the
      A-amino acid transporter falls. The present study evaluates Pi uptake by two
      continuous cell lines derived from renal proximal tubule, and demonstrates that
      phosphate uptake falls sharply upon reaching confluence in LLC-PK1 cells but not
      in cultured opossum kidney (OK) cells. The fall in Pi uptake in LLC-PK1 cells at
      confluence represents a halving in Vmax for Na-dependent phosphate uptake (2.33
      vs. 5.00 nmol/mg protein/5 min) without a change in Km (82 vs. 94 microM).
      Suppression of phosphate transport in confluent monolayers of LLC-PK1 cells is
      completely reversed by bringing the cells into suspension. As has been shown for
      the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), exposure of
      monolayers to serum stimulates phosphate uptake, but unlike phorbol ester, serum
      does so without stimulating alanine uptake. OK cells differ from LLC-PK1 in that
      no change occurs in Pi uptake at confluence, although they resemble LLC-PK1 cells
      in that sugar uptake rises and alanine uptake falls at confluence. The different
      temporal patterns for Pi uptake in the two cell lines indicates that
      developmental change in the uptake of Pi is not linked to that of glucose or
      alanine.

PMID- 3366789
TI  - Role of the cytoskeleton in laminin induced mammary gene expression.
AB  - The differentiation of rat mammary epithelial cells is characterized both by
      morphologic changes and by the expression of a group of milk protein genes. We
      have previously shown that by culturing these cells on the basement membrane
      glycoprotein laminin, the synthesis of the milk proteins, transferrin, alpha
      casein, and alpha-lactalbumin is induced. In order to determine if this effect is
      mediated through the cytoskeleton, we have treated these cells with cytochalasin
      D and colchicine. Treatment with cytochalasin D or colchicine for 24 h inhibits
      the accumulation of alpha-casein, transferrin, and alpha-lactalbumin without
      significant effect on general protein synthesis. Pulse chase studies show that
      cytochalasin D does not alter the intracellular turnover of alpha-casein or
      transferrin. Additionally, treatment with cytochalasin D causes an early (within
      1 h) increase in secretion of alpha-casein and transferrin suggesting that the
      actin cytoskeleton provides a meshwork for secretory vesicles. The disruption of
      this network enhances the secretion of preformed proteins. However, long term (24
      h) treatment with cytochalasin D inhibits synthesis of these milk proteins.
      Northern blot analysis indicates that treatment with cytochalasin D or colchicine
      inhibits the laminin induced increase in alpha-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and
      transferrin mRNAs. These studies indicate that the major effect of the
      cytoskeleton on laminin induced milk protein gene expression occurs at the level
      of accumulation of mRNAs for these proteins. We conclude that the expression of
      laminin induced milk protein gene expression in primary rat mammary cultures
      depends on the integrity of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3366790
TI  - Amino acid pools in CHL V79 cells during induction of thermotolerance: reduction
      in free intracellular glutamine.
AB  - The amino acid pools in Chinese hamster lung V79 cells were measured as a
      function of time during hyperthermic exposure at 40.5 degrees and 45.0 degrees C.
      Sixteen of the 20 protein amino acids were present in sufficient quantity to
      measure accurately. The total amino acid pool and all individual amino acids,
      except glutamine, remained relatively constant for at least 90 min at 40.5
      degrees C and for 30 min at 45 degrees C. The glutamine pool decreased rapidly to
      20% of its control value within 30 min at 40.5 degrees C with a T1/2 = 15 min. At
      45 degrees C, the decrease was 36%. Thermotolerance developed at 40.5 degrees C
      with a T1/2 = 30 min; thus, glutamine depletion preceeds the development of
      thermotolerance. The depletion of glutamine is probably due to increased
      metabolism and oxidation of glutamine through the TCA cycle at hyperthermic
      temperatures. Glutamine, as is true for other amino acids, was shown to protect
      proteins from thermal inactivation and V79 cells from hyperthermic killing when
      added in excess (4-10 mM) to the medium during heat stress. However, the
      stability of the total amino acid pool during the development of thermotolerance
      indicates that resistance to heat does not result from the accumulation of amino
      acids which then protect against thermal damage. The effects of the large
      decrease in the glutamine pool are unknown, although glutamine depletion may act
      as a signal for part of the heat shock response.

PMID- 3366791
TI  - Transformation of single myeloid precursor cells by the malignant histiocytosis
      sarcoma virus (MHSV): generation of growth-factor-independent myeloid colonies
      and permanent cell lines.
AB  - Direct single-cell assays for oncogenic transformation are available for
      fibroblasts but not for other cell types. Using malignant histiocytosis sarcoma
      virus (MHSV), a member of the ras family of retroviruses, in vivo-infected
      granulocyte/macrophage and macrophage precursor cells lost the requirement for
      externally added hematopoietic growth factors. Factor-independent growth was
      demonstrated by colony-transfer experiments. More than 25% of the independent
      colonies were established as permanent macrophage cell lines following a phase of
      adaptation to tissue culture conditions. Factor-independent colony growth was
      also obtained by in vitro infection of single cells. As many as 50% of all
      myeloid precursor cells were target cells for MHSV as measured by this assay.
      About 2 x 10(-3) of these colony-forming cells acquired growth factor
      independence and immortality after in vitro infection. Cell lines derived from
      these colonies did not require adaptation to tissue culture conditions.

PMID- 3366792
TI  - Synthesis of extracellular matrix glycoproteins by a differentiated thyroid
      epithelial cell line.
AB  - We examined the synthesis of extracellular matrix macromolecules by the
      differentiated rat thyroid epithelial cell line FRTL-5. As shown by electron
      microscopy, the extracellular material produced by these cells is deposited at
      the basolateral surface and focally organized in the form of a basement membrane.
      Biochemical and biosynthetic studies demonstrated that laminin, type IV collagen,
      and fibronectin are synthesized and deposited in the culture monolayer. Secretion
      of fibronectin into the culture medium also occurred. By immunofluorescence we
      observed some peculiarities in the distribution patterns of the basement membrane
      glycoproteins; while fibronectin and laminin had an almost superimposable
      distribution, type IV collagen displayed a rather different pattern. Type IV
      collagen and laminin localization at sites where extracellular material was
      detected was confirmed by immuno electronmicroscopy using the protein A-colloidal
      gold technique. The results indicate that under appropriate culture conditions
      the differentiated thyroid epithelial cell line FRTL-5 synthesizes, secretes and
      organizes an extracellular matrix where some basement membrane glycoproteins are
      present.

PMID- 3366793
TI  - Demonstration that some of the nonhistone proteins, inducible to translocate into
      the nucleus, are glycosylated.
AB  - Con A, NaF, and eserine (lysosomotropic agents) induced marked translocation of
      acidic [3H] nonhistone proteins (NHP) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in
      lymphocytes prelabeled with [3H]-2-mannose. The nuclear [3H] NHP contents were 38
      120% higher in cells treated with these agents than in control cells.
      Tunicamycin, a strong inhibitor of N-glycosylation via the dolichol pathway,
      caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of [3H]-2-mannose incorporation into
      the nuclear [3H] NHP. Considerable amounts of nuclear [3H] NHP from lymphocytes
      labeled with either [3H]-2-mannose or [3H] leucine, bound specifically to Con A
      Sepharose and could be eluted by alpha-methyl mannoside. Con A and NaF caused
      also nuclear translocation of acidic [3H] NHP in cells labeled with [3H]
      glucosamine, [3H] galactose, or [3H] fucose. Fractionation of the nuclear
      proteins by isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient of 2.5-6.5 showed that multiple
      species of acidic NHP were labeled with each of the four 3H-sugars. These results
      indicate that a fraction of the acidic nuclear NHP are N-glycosylated proteins
      and that gene activation and mitogenesis are associated with the translocation of
      these glycoproteins to the nucleus. Considering the known intracellular traffic
      of nascent glycoproteins our results suggest that at least some of the acidic NHP
      are synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi
      (secretory pathway). It is likely that these proteins, after completion of
      synthesis and glycosylation, emerge from the trans-stack of the Golgi packaged in
      vesicles and accumulate in the cytoplasm. Induction of nuclear translocation of
      such NHP by various agents may be mediated by a vesicular transport mechanism.

PMID- 3366794
TI  - The effect of the GABA-A agonist THIP on regional cortical blood flow in humans.
      A new test of hemispheric dominance.
AB  - We studied the effect of a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor-induced
      postsynaptic inhibition on regional CBF (rCBF) in awake humans. For this purpose
      we used a new specific GABA-A agonist, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4)-pyridin-3
      ol (THIP). As part of a new diagnostic procedure for the determination of which
      hemisphere subserved language, THIP was infused into the internal carotid artery
      20 s before measurement of the rCBF. Administered by this route the THIP is
      distributed to the neocortex and neostriatum. THIP induced a dosage-dependent
      decrease of the rCBF. The rCBF decrease was not due to any direct effect on the
      cerebral vessels. The efficiency of the THIP-induced postsynaptic inhibition was
      tested by having the subjects voluntarily activate the inhibited cortex. During
      submaximal inhibition the subjects were able voluntarily to counteract decreases
      of rCBF in superior frontal cortex and motor cortex. Larger doses of THIP
      abolished this response and depressed the rCBF to baseline levels (20 ml/100
      g/min). This was associated with 10-min total depression of function of the
      anterior two-thirds of the injected hemisphere. An analysis of the changes of
      rCBF in activated and nonactivated cortex--with and without THIP-induced
      inhibition--showed that it would be very unlikely that average increases in
      synaptic inhibition would increase rCBF in neocortical areas. Intracarotid
      injection of the water-soluble, nonirritative THIP is a very useful alternative
      to sodium amytal injection for determination of hemispheric dominance.

PMID- 3366795
TI  - Influence of ethanol on the energy metabolism of ischemic and postischemic brain.
AB  - This study documents the effects of an intoxicating dose of ethanol on the energy
      metabolism and electrophysiological function of rat brain exposed for 0.5 h to
      ischemia produced by electrocautery of the vertebral arteries and reversible
      occlusion of the carotid arteries. One-hour exposure to 5 g kg-1 ethanol led to
      no significant alterations of the preischemic cerebral contents of glucose,
      lactate, or energy phosphates. Animals receiving ethanol or isovolumetric amounts
      of 0.9% saline showed statistically equivalent decreases in glucose, ATP, and
      phosphocreatine and increases in lactate, ADP, and AMP during 0.5 h of ischemia.
      Upon recirculation for 0.5-24 h, animals receiving ethanol again showed no
      significant differences from saline-treated animals in the rate of return of
      glucose, lactate, and energy metabolites to control levels. Animals receiving
      ethanol showed a trend for a faster and more complete normalization of the EEG
      during recirculation. It is concluded that under controlled experimental
      conditions, intoxicating doses of ethanol have no detrimental effect on the
      energy metabolism of ischemic and postischemic brain.

PMID- 3366796
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization in controlled graded levels of hyperglycemia
      in the conscious rat.
AB  - Local cerebral glucose utilization assayed by the [14C]deoxyglucose ([14C]DG)
      method and calculated by means of its operational equation with values for the
      rate constants and lumped constant determined in rats under physiological
      conditions remains relatively stable with variations in arterial plasma glucose
      concentration within the normoglycemic range. Large changes in arterial plasma
      glucose level may, however, significantly alter the values of these constants and
      lead to artifactual results. Values for the lumped constant have been measured
      and reported for a wide range of arterial plasma glucose concentrations ranging
      from hypoglycemia to hyperglycemia in the rat (Schuier et al., 1981; Suda et al.,
      1981; Pettigrew et al., 1983). In the present study we have redetermined the rate
      constants in rats with arterial plasma glucose levels clamped at approximately
      350, 450, and 550 mg/dl (i.e., 19, 25, and 31 mM) by a glucose clamp technique.
      The rate constants for the transport of DG from plasma to brain, K1*, and its
      phosphorylation in tissue, k3*, were found to decline with increasing plasma
      glucose levels, while the rate constant for its transport back from brain to
      plasma, k*2, remained relatively unchanged from its value in normoglycemia. These
      rate constants were used together with the previously determined values for the
      lumped constants to calculate local rates of cerebral glucose utilization in
      three groups of rats in which arterial plasma glucose levels were clamped at
      approximately 350, 450, and 550 mg/dl (i.e., 19, 25, and 31 mM). Average glucose
      utilization in the brain as a whole was unchanged in hyperglycemia from the
      values calculated in normoglycemic rats with the standard normal set of
      constants. Changes in the rate of glucose utilization were found, however, in the
      hypothalamus, globus pallidus, and amygdala during hyperglycemia.

PMID- 3366797
TI  - Photothrombotic occlusion of rat middle cerebral artery: histopathological and
      hemodynamic sequelae of acute recanalization.
AB  - The histopathological and hemodynamic consequences of photochemically induced
      middle cerebral artery (MCA) thrombosis and recanalization were studied in the
      rat. Recanalization of the thrombosed MCA segment was achieved by the topical
      application of nimodipine at 1 h following photochemically induced occlusion.
      Pathological consequences of permanent and temporary occlusion were compared by
      morphometric procedures 7 days following thrombus formation. Rats with permanent
      thrombosis exhibited consistent infarction of both striatum and cortex. MCA
      recanalization at 1 h was associated with a significant reduction in total
      infarct volume. In recanalized rats, small cortical infarcts, confined to the
      peripheral MCA territory, were observed in only three of six rats. In contrast, a
      mixed pattern of infarction and ischemic cell damage was documented throughout
      the striatum in all rats. Local CBF (1CBF), measured autoradiographically, was
      significantly reduced in the MCA territory following 1 h of MCA occlusion,
      especially within the striatum. At 1 h after recanalization, 1CBF recovered
      within the previously ischemic brain regions to greater than 50% of control.
      Perfusion deficits were detected by carbon black infusion within focal areas of
      the striatum following reperfusion. Thus, cortical neurons appear to tolerate 1 h
      of MCA occlusion in this model. In contrast, reperfusion following 1 h of
      photochemically induced MCA occlusion gives rise to selective injury to the
      striatum.

PMID- 3366798
TI  - In vivo fluorometric measurement of changes in cytosolic free calcium from the
      cat cortex during anoxia.
AB  - A new approach to assess the mean changes in intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i
      directly from the cortex in situ is described along with the [Ca2+]i changes
      during nitrogen anoxia. Following incision of the dura and part of the pia
      arachnoid membrane, quin2 acetoxymethyl ester, 100 microM in artificial CSF, was
      superfused for 60 min onto the cat cortex. A small cortical area was irradiated
      with ultraviolet rays (350/30 nm) and the changes in the fluorescence and
      reflectance were recorded microfluorometrically at 506 and 366 nm, respectively.
      The net change in the quin2-Ca2+ fluorescence was calculated after correction for
      the hemodynamic artifact and subtraction of the basal NADH change. The quin2-Ca2+
      fluorescence began to increase significantly (48.0 +/- 13.4 units; p less than
      0.05) 20 s prior to the isoelectric electrocorticogram (ECoG) and remained
      elevated during nitrogen anoxia. It decreased steeply 7.3 +/- 1.7 s prior to the
      recovery of the ECoG activity after the animal was reoxygenated. Thus, the
      changes in the intracellular free calcium preceded those of the ECoG during a
      reversible anoxic insult, suggesting that the increase in the [Ca2+]i might be
      related to the electrical failure during anoxia.

PMID- 3366799
TI  - Pathogenesis of substantia nigra lesions following hyperglycemic ischemia:
      changes in energy metabolites, cerebral blood flow, and morphology of pars
      reticulata in a rat model of ischemia.
AB  - A spectacular spongiotic lesion, symmetrical in distribution and restricted to
      the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNPR) has recently been described in
      hyperglycemic rats surviving 1-18 h after a brief period of transient ischemia.
      The purpose of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of the lesion. In order
      to study whether the lesion was due to changes occurring during ischemia, local
      cerebral blood flow (l-CBF) and energy metabolites were measured in the
      substantia nigra (SN) and in other brain areas. Furthermore, brains were examined
      by light and electron microscopy immediately after ischemia and in the early
      recirculation period. Autoradiographic CBF measurements showed ischemia flow
      levels in the SN of 30-40% of control, similar in normo- and hyperglycemic rats.
      Thus, although ischemic, this structure had a considerable amount of residual
      flow. There was also a corresponding partial preservation of the adenylate energy
      charge. However, lactate levels were high, and in hyperglycemic subjects they
      rose to values previously described during status epilepticus (about 25 mumol/g).
      In hyperglycemic animals, neuronal alterations were consistently present in SNPR
      by the end of the 10-min period of ischemia. They included clumping of nuclear
      chromatin and subplasmalemmal clearing of the perikaryon. Some mitochondrial
      swelling was present in neuronal perikarya and in dendrites. The normal alignment
      of microtubules in the dendrites was disturbed, but there was no or only slight
      swelling of the dendrites. Aggregation of synaptic vesicles was a conspicuous
      finding in axonal terminals, which were also slightly swollen. Otherwise, the
      axons appeared largely spared. Microvessels looked quite intact. Similar cellular
      changes were observed in the early recovery period. Dendrites, however, started
      to swell, and their expansion finally caused the spongiotic appearance of the
      pars reticulata. The appearance of the dendritic lesions is strongly suggestive
      of transmitter-mediated ("excitotoxic") damage. However, it seems likely that the
      marked acidosis is injurious as well. We tentatively conclude that both
      mechanisms interact to give the final lesion. The results, and those previously
      obtained in epileptic seizures, suggest that mitochondria of SN neurons and
      neuronal processes are particularly prone to damage.

PMID- 3366800
TI  - Effect of centrally administered encephalinamides on regional cerebral blood flow
      in the dog.
AB  - (D-ala2)-met5-encephalinamide (AM encephalinamide) and (D-ala2)-leu5
      encephalinamide (AL encephalinamide) were administered into the cisterna magna in
      anesthetized dogs to determine whether these opiates effected the
      neurohypophyseal circulation differently than the circulation of other brain
      areas. At the beginning of the experimental protocol, animals were given either
      mock cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) or 5 or 25 mg of AM encephalinamide or 5 mg of
      AL encephalinamide in equal volumes of mock CSF into the cisterna magna. By 60
      min after intracisternal injection, radiolabeled AM encephalinamide distributed
      throughout the brain with the highest concentration being in the area of the
      brainstem. Sixty minutes after intracisternal injection, heart rate was decreased
      29.0 +/- 5.1%, 41.3 +/- 4.4%, and 36.0 +/- 3.6%, and MABP was decreased 25.2 +/-
      8.0%, 26.4 +/- 2.4%, and 32.3 +/- 2.6% in animals treated with AL encephalinamide
      (5 mg), AM encephalinamide (5 mg), and AM encephalinamide (25 mg), respectively.
      Neither AL encephalinamide or AM encephalinamide altered CBF or CMRO2 when
      compared with animals treated with mock CSF, whereas both AL encephalinamide and
      AM encephalinamide reduced neurohypophyseal blood flow by 30 min (43 +/- 11%, AL
      encephalinamide; 35 +/- 7%, AM encephalinamide, 5 mg; 46 +/- 8%, AM
      encephalinamide, 25 mg); the reduction was sustained throughout the 60-min
      protocol (34 +/- 10%, AL encephalinamide; 37 +/- 3%, AM encephalinamide, 5 mg; 38
      +/- 4% AM encephalinamide, 25 mg). Plasma arginine vasopressin was transiently
      elevated 15 (326 +/- 75%, AL encephalinamide; 323 +/- 109%, AM encephalinamide,
      25 mg) and 30 min (271 +/- 68%, AL encephalinamide; 368 +/- 136%, AM
      encephalinamide, 25 mg) in animals treated with AL encephalinamide or AM
      encephalinamide (25 mg). Intravenous naloxone administered at the end of the 60
      min encephalinamide protocol was associated with a rise toward control values in
      heart rate and MABP in the AL encephalinamide group and in heart rate, MABP, and
      neurohypophyseal blood flow in both the AM encephalinamide 5 mg and 25 mg groups.
      These data suggest that encephalinamides may play a role in the regulation of
      neurohypophyseal blood flow through their actions on opiate receptors.

PMID- 3366802
TI  - Stability of arterial concentrations during continuous inhalation of C15O2 and
      15O2 and the effects on computed values of CBF and CMRO2.
AB  - Stability of arterial whole blood and plasma concentrations is a basic
      requirement in the application of the oxygen-15 (15O2) steady-state inhalation
      technique for measuring regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen use. The level of
      stability obtainable in practice is reported in the form of retrospectively
      analysed blood data from 626 consecutive studies in patients with a range of
      clinical conditions. Serial arterial whole blood and plasma concentrations were
      measured during both C15O2 and 15O2 inhalations, and coefficients of variation
      were calculated. In addition, these concentrations were compared with the
      corresponding values recorded at the start of each study and maximum variations
      were calculated. For all four concentrations, mean and median coefficients of
      variation were around 5 and 4%, respectively. Mean and median maximum variations
      were around 9 and 7%, respectively. The effects of these variations on the
      calculations of regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction, and oxygen use
      were estimated. Mean expected errors were found to be between 4 and 9%, and
      median expected errors between 3 and 6%. Inherent blood sampling errors were
      assessed from blood volume studies using 11CO-labeled red cells. These errors
      were found to be less than 3%.

PMID- 3366801
TI  - Dexamethasone and indomethacin do not affect brain edema following head injury in
      rats.
AB  - Head trauma was induced in rats by a weight-drop device, falling over the exposed
      skull over the left hemisphere. The neurological state of the rats was evaluated
      by a neurological severity score at 1 h and 18 h post head trauma. At 18 h post
      head trauma, rats were decapitated and tissue from the vicinity of the injury and
      from a corresponding area in the contralateral hemisphere was taken for specific
      gravity (SG) determination using linear gradient columns. Slices were taken from
      the same sites for incubation in Krebs-Ringer solution, and the concentrations of
      prostaglandin (PG)E2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 accumulated in the
      medium during 1 h were measured by radioimmunoassay. In one experimental group,
      rats were pretreated with intraperitoneal dexamethasone sodium phosphate (4
      mg/kg) 18 and 2 h before head trauma, and a third dose was given 8 h post head
      trauma. Another group was treated with intraperitoneal indomethacin (10 mg/kg) 1
      h before and 7 h after head trauma. Other groups were treated immediately and 8 h
      after head trauma with 4, 8, 15, or 30 mg/kg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate.
      Another group of rats was treated with free dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) right after
      head trauma and 8 h later. Head trauma induced edema, as expressed by decreased
      SG, in the left hemisphere of all traumatized rats. Neither treatment protocol
      affected the neurological severity score of the injured rats or the SG of the
      contused hemisphere. PG synthesis, on the other hand, was significantly reduced
      following indomethacin or free dexamethasone, both in sham and traumatized rats,
      but not in dexamethasone sodium phosphate-treated rats. We conclude that
      pretreatment with indomethacin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, or dexamethasone,
      used in the present protocols, does not affect posttraumatic cerebral edema.
      Thus, the role of PGs as mediators of edema formation remains unclear.

PMID- 3366803
TI  - Stress, coping and pain.

PMID- 3366804
TI  - World view and the facilitation of wholeness.

PMID- 3366805
TI  - Therapeutic storytelling and metaphors.

PMID- 3366806
TI  - Humor intervention deserves our attention.

PMID- 3366807
TI  - Shiatsu acupressure in nursing practice.

PMID- 3366808
TI  - Animal-facilitated therapy in stress mediation.

PMID- 3366809
TI  - Pain and stress management in nursing: controversy and theory.

PMID- 3366810
TI  - [Acute colonic necrosis without vascular obstruction. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - The authors report 2 new cases of acute necrosis of the colon without vascular
      obstruction and reviewed them in the light of 94 similar cases collected in the
      literature. Such lesions of colonic necrosis are believed to be the final outcome
      of a variable combination of functional circulatory disturbances and of
      infections starting in the colonic mucosa. Total excision of lesions offers the
      best chance of recovery. It would seem that the extent of lesions of the mucosa
      can be determined only by per-operative colonoscopy, findings being used to
      determine the limits of the resection carried out. There otherwise arises the
      question of the legitimacy of extensive colonic incision (sub-total or total
      colectomy with sometimes resection of the rectum) because of the constant
      possibility of secondary progression of mucosa lesions left in place. The
      prognosis in this condition is very serious since mortality of cases having
      undergone potentially curative surgery remains at 56%.

PMID- 3366811
TI  - [Intracavitary transposition of the gracilis muscle for the treatment of delayed
      perineal healing after rectal amputation].
AB  - Delayed perineal healing after rectal amputation is sometimes difficult to
      resolve. Details are given of a method of transplantation into the residual
      perineal cavity of one or both gracilis muscles to obtain rapid healing by
      granulation tissue. Preparatives for the operative are discussed together with
      the different stages required, particularly preparation of the transplant and its
      transposition to perineal cavity, and postoperative surveillance outlined. Rapid
      healing by scar tissue can be obtained by this simple procedure which can also be
      applied for treatment of vesicovaginal, rectovesical or rectovaginal fistula.

PMID- 3366812
TI  - [Pleural effusion and splenic infarction disclosing a cancer of the tail of the
      pancreas].

PMID- 3366813
TI  - [Surgery of biliary lithiasis after 75].

PMID- 3366814
TI  - [Perforation into free peritoneum in Crohn disease].

PMID- 3366815
TI  - [Duodenal stenosis disclosing rheumatoid purpura in an adult].

PMID- 3366816
TI  - [Perineal eventration after amputation of the rectum. Apropos of 3 cases].
AB  - Three cases of perineal eventration after amputation of rectum are reported.
      Defined as the issue of intraperitoneal contents at the perineum secondary to
      surgery, perineal eventration occurs after 1% of abdominoperineal amputations,
      more frequently in women. Predisposing factors are a wide pelvis, extensive
      excision of levator muscles, hysterectomy, factors of postoperative increased
      abdominal pressure, absence of postoperative adhesions between intestinal loops
      and infection of perineal scar. The influence of primary or secondary wound
      closure is more difficult to determine. The eventration is manifest by pain and
      perineal bulging, sometimes marked and preventing walking, but asymptomatic forms
      are frequent. Intestinal loops are visible below a thinned skin, cutaneous
      ulcers, urinary disorders and rupture of sac being the common complications.
      Surgical treatment is necessary for patients free from neoplastic recurrence,
      those inconvenienced by the eventration and those with large eventrations, the
      most effective procedure being uterine fixation to promontory, and use of a plate
      to close lower region of pelvis, using an abdominal approach alone.

PMID- 3366817
TI  - [The odontoid bone. Apropos of a surgically treated case].
AB  - An odontoid bone was detected in an adult patient after injury to neck, with
      secondary appearance of disorders related to C1-C2 instability that disappeared
      after posterior C1-C2 arthrodesis. The odontoid bone is a rare anomaly of
      debatable origin. Current pathogenicity theories are discussed.

PMID- 3366818
TI  - [Localized giant pseudo polyposis of the colon. Apropos of a case].
AB  - A giant pseudo-polyposis lesion was diagnosed clinically and radiologically as
      cancer of right side of colon. The etiopathology of this lesion can probably be
      explained by the hemorrhagic rectocolitis that developed three years after its
      excision.

PMID- 3366820
TI  - [Intraoperative autotransfusion of traumatic hemoperitoneum in emergency
      surgery].
AB  - The systeme a lavage globulaire was used for intraoperative auto-transfusion of
      adult patients with traumatic hemoperitoneum. This method provides a rapid supply
      of blood of large amount and of quality superior to that supplied by a blood
      bank: a massive autologous transfusion carries less risk of complications than a
      homologous transfusion. Although this procedure is without risk to patients it is
      essential to comply with its contraindications (rupture of a hollow organ for the
      septic risk and existence of a neoplasm for the dissemination risk) and also its
      precautions in use, mainly the combined use of frozen fresh plasma beyond a
      certain autotransfused quantity of blood (about 1,200 cc). This latter problem of
      supplementary supply of coagulation factor is identical to that raised by massive
      homologous transfusion.

PMID- 3366819
TI  - [The extra-hepatic bile ducts. Apropos of a new case of abnormalities].
AB  - A double anomaly of extrahepatic biliary pathways was detected in the same
      patient. The first anomaly involved the cystic duct, which emptied into the third
      part of duodenum, the second anomaly the common bile duct which was implanted
      into the right side of the cystic duct one centimeter from the papilla. An
      anomaly of this type has not been reported previously in the literature and
      surgeons should be aware of its possible occurrence.

PMID- 3366821
TI  - [Benign tumors of the spine in the adolescent. Surgical considerations apropos of
      4 cases].
AB  - About 4 observations of benign tumours of the spine of the adolescent, we have
      studied the surgical aspect of the treatment of these lesion. The choice of the
      surgical approach is fundamental in view of the necessity of a complete exeresis,
      which implies techniques of spinal reconstruction and stabilization. Those
      problems are illustrated by: 2 cases of aneurysmal cyst, 1 case of eosinophilic
      granuloma, and 1 case of osteochondroma.

PMID- 3366822
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime
      and ceftriaxone in rat plasma.
AB  - A simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method is
      described for the analysis of the cephalosporins cefotaxime (CXM),
      desacetylcefotaxime (DACXM) and ceftriaxone (CFX) in rat plasma. Plasma was
      deproteinized with methanol, and the supernatant was directly injected into the
      chromatograph and monitored at 254 nm. For determination of the unbound drugs, a
      centrifugal ultrafiltration method was employed. The calibration curves were
      linear (r = 0.999) from 2.5 to 500 micrograms/ml; the detection limits were 100
      ng/ml for DACXM and 250 ng/ml for CXM and CFX. The method was not interfered with
      by other plasma components, nor by barbital sodium or caffeine, and has been
      applied to study the pharmacokinetics of the cephalosporins in rats.

PMID- 3366823
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cadralazine in human
      plasma and urine.
AB  - A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for
      determination of intact cadralazine in human plasma or urine has been developed.
      The sample was buffered (plasma, pH 7.6; urine, pH 12.0) and mixed with internal
      standard before it was applied to an Extrelut-3 column. After adsorption, the
      column was eluted with chloroform, and the eluate was extracted with sodium
      acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 2.1). A 20-microliters aliquot of the
      aqueous phase was chromatographed on a 5-microns Spherisorb ODS reversed-phase
      column, with acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 6.0, 25:75) as eluent. The
      quantitation was achieved by monitoring the ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. The
      detection limit was 0.03 nmol/ml in plasma and 5.00 nmol/ml in urine. The within
      assay variation and the day-to-day reproducibility were less than or equal to 10%
      for plasma or urine standard samples. No interferences from possible metabolites
      or endogenous constituents could be noted. The utility of the method was
      demonstrated by analysing cadralazine in samples from one hypertensive subject on
      a therapeutic dose of the drug (7.5 mg orally).

PMID- 3366824
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of peptides possessing a
      proline residue in the amino-terminal penultimate position, and their products
      generated by enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 3366826
TI  - Sulphate quantification in rabbit tracheobronchial mucus by reversed-phase ion
      pair chromatography.

PMID- 3366825
TI  - Measurement of plasma thiols after derivatization with monobromobimane.

PMID- 3366828
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of imide inhibitors of
      aromatase in biological samples.

PMID- 3366827
TI  - Measurement of dipipanone using capillary gas chromatography.

PMID- 3366830
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for piperacillin in aqueous humor
      of the eye.

PMID- 3366829
TI  - Determination of pholcodine in biological fluids by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3366831
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of adriblastin in human
      plasma, urine, saliva and liver punctuate by column switching for drug monitoring
      studies.

PMID- 3366832
TI  - Separation of enantiomers of derivatised or underivatised propranolol by means of
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3366833
TI  - Determination of furprofen in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and reversed
      phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3366834
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric
      identification of propafenone, 5-hydroxypropafenone and N-depropylpropafenone.

PMID- 3366835
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of adinazolam and its desmethyl
      metabolite.

PMID- 3366836
TI  - Determination of oxidizable inorganic anions by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence detection and application to the determination
      of salivary nitrite and thiocyanate and serum thiocyanate.
AB  - A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of oxidizable inorganic
      anions (sulphide, thiocyanate, thiosulphate and nitrite) was developed by use of
      high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorimetric detection based on the
      formation of fluorescent cerium(III) by a redox reaction with cerium(IV). The
      detection limits are 0.1 nmol for both thiocyanate and nitrite, 0.3 nmol for
      thiosulphate and 0.8 nmol for sulphide per 10-microliters injection volume. This
      system can be utilized for the determination of salivary thiocyanate and nitrite
      and serum thiocyanate.

PMID- 3366837
TI  - Determination of deoxyspergualin by gas chromatography-selected-ion monitoring.
AB  - A gas chromatographic-selected-ion monitoring method was developed for the
      sensitive and specific determination of deoxyspergualin in dog plasma using a
      capillary column and a C8-amide homologue of deoxyspergualin as an internal
      standard. Extraction and purification of deoxyspergualin from its constituents, 7
      guanidinoheptanamide and glyoxylylspermidine, and its possible metabolites was
      achieved by using CM-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography with stepwise elution
      with sodium chloride solution. Treatment of deoxyspergualin with acetylacetone
      resulted in the formation of the volatile pyrimidine derivative of 7
      guanidinoheptanamide accompanying hydrolytic cleavage in the alpha-hydroxyglycine
      moiety of deoxyspergualin. Deoxyspergualin could be determined in a concentration
      of 10 ng/ml in plasma. The method was applied to the determination of
      deoxyspergualin in plasma during and after intravenous infusion into dogs.

PMID- 3366839
TI  - Determination of drug enantiomers in biological samples by coupled column liquid
      chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and coupled column chromatography
      can be used to overcome problems likely to occur in direct separation and
      determination of drug enantiomers in biological samples. This is exemplified here
      with the direct separation and determination of terbutaline in human plasma at
      the nmol/l level. A beta-cyclodextrin column with an aqueous mobile phase was
      used for chiral separation. For coupled column chromatography, the concentration
      of each enantiomer was calculated from the enantiomeric area ratio and the
      racemate concentration. A deuterium-labelled internal standard was used in the LC
      MS experiments.

PMID- 3366838
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination for forensic purposes of petroleum fuel inhaled
      just before fatal burning.
AB  - The determination of petroleum fuel in the blood of burned bodies was carried out
      by three different gas chromatographic procedures. Seven components of gasoline
      (isopentane, n-pentane, 2-methylpentane, benzene, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane
      and toluene) and five of kerosene (xylene, C9H20, mesitylene, pseudocumene and
      C11H24) were chosen as indicators with a coefficient of variation of 5-24%. The
      methods were applied to four autopsy cases with a relatively low
      carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) content. When gasoline exposure had occurred, the blood
      concentrations determined were almost identical whatever the components selected.
      Great variations in the components determined were found after kerosene exposure,
      and hydrocarbons greater than or equal to C14 were hardly inhaled by the victims.
      A higher content of fuel in the left than in the right ventricular blood observed
      in the autopsy cases suggests fuel inhalation just before death. The same
      phenomenon was also observed in the content of blood HbCO. Determinations of
      petroleum fuel and HbCO in both the right and left ventricular blood would be
      useful for the forensic diagnosis on burned bodies with a low HbCO content.

PMID- 3366840
TI  - Sensitive quantification of pseudoephedrine in human plasma and urine by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - An assay for the selective quantification of pseudoephedrine in human plasma and
      urine was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV
      detection at 205 nm. Analyte and internal standard were extracted from alkaline
      plasma or urine into a mixture of n-hexane and diethyl ether, and the organic
      phase was back-extracted into dilute acid. The chromatographic system comprises
      microparticulate cyanopropyl-silica as stationary phase and a ternary solvent
      mixture with ion-pair reagents as mobile phase. Using 0.25 ml plasma, the lower
      limit of quantification was 25 ng/ml with excellent linearity up to 1000 ng/ml.
      In urine, the calibration ranged from 2.5 to 100 micrograms/ml. The selectivity
      of the method was demonstrated for several pharmaceuticals with similar
      structures. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study with a
      single oral dose of 100 mg of pseudoephedrine in two galenic formulations.
      Precision and accuracy data of the assay and calculated pharmacokinetic
      parameters are presented.

PMID- 3366841
TI  - Analysis of vinca alkaloids in plasma and urine using high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection was used to quantify plasma and urine levels of vinblastine,
      vincristine, vindesine and a metabolite of vinblastine, desacetylvinblastine.
      Sample clean-up consisted of solid-phase extraction with a Bond Elut CN column.
      The extracts were separated on a Hypersil ODS column. The mobile phase consisted
      of a mixture of methanol and 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The limit of
      sensitivity using electrochemical detection was 100 pg on-column for all
      compounds with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Quantification of the compounds in
      human plasma and urine was possible down to 1 ng/ml (ca. 1 pmol). Pharmacokinetic
      results show that the sensitivity of the method is adequate for drug monitoring
      in clinical research.

PMID- 3366842
TI  - Nursing care behaviors that predict patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3366843
TI  - Quality assurance data: whose information is it anyway?

PMID- 3366844
TI  - Measuring patient satisfaction: collecting useful data.

PMID- 3366845
TI  - The influence of a quality assurance program on patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3366846
TI  - Evaluation of acute pain: a comparison of patient and nurse perspectives.

PMID- 3366847
TI  - Patient and nurse perceptions of analgesic administration times.

PMID- 3366848
TI  - Deming's 14 points and hospital quality: responding to the consumer's demand for
      the best value health care.

PMID- 3366849
TI  - Taking inventory: quality assurance awareness among staff.

PMID- 3366850
TI  - Satisfaction surveys in nursing quality assurance programs.

PMID- 3366851
TI  - Synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes to diagnose hop stunt viroid
      strains and citrus exocortis viroid.
AB  - Four species of synthetic oligonucleotide probes for the diagnosis of hop stunt
      viroid (HSV) and citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) were devised. Probe HSV-1 detected
      all the members of HSV group, such as HSV-hop, HSV-grapevine, HSV-cucumber, HSV
      citrus and a viroid-like RNA isolated from plum trees affected by plum dapple
      fruit disease. Probe HSV-2 discriminated HSV-grapevine from the other members of
      HSV group. HSV-hop and HSV-grapevine consist of the same numbers of nucleotides,
      with only one nucleotide exchange. It was also shown that the two viroids were
      indistinguishable by their biological and physicochemical properties. However, by
      using probe HSV-2, HSV-hop and HSV-grapevine were apparently differentiated.
      Probe CEV-1 detected all the members of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) group,
      such as PSTV, CEV and chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSV). Probe CEV-2 discriminated
      CEV from the other members of PSTV group. It is thus emphasized that synthetic
      oligonucleotide probes are useful for the diagnosis of viroids and their related
      strains. It was discussed that the method can be used for the diagnosis of
      viruses and their related strains.

PMID- 3366852
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and chemotherapeutic efficacy of adriamycin encapsulated in
      immunoliposomes against avian myeloblastosis virus infection.
AB  - Immunoliposomes were prepared using rabbit anti-AMV gp80 IgG for the targeted
      chemotherapy of avian myeloblastosis virus infection. Adriamycin was encapsulated
      into immunoliposomes and used for in vivo studies. Comparative pharmacokinetics
      of free drug, drug encapsulated in free liposomes and of drug encapsulated in
      immunoliposomes in the virus-infected cells revealed that (i) the drug
      encapsulated in liposomes was cleared from the plasma slowly, and (ii) the drug
      encapsulated in immunoliposomes accumulated in the target tissue, the bone
      marrow, 5- and 8.5-fold more than the drug encapsulated in free liposomes and
      free drug, respectively. The drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes inactivated the
      virus and exhibited more chemotherapeutic efficacy as compared to controls when
      injected up to 24 h post-infection. However, when injected 48 h post-infection
      the drug encapsulated in immunoliposomes did not offer any protection against the
      virus infection. There is no detectable antibody response against immunoliposomes
      in the infected animals.

PMID- 3366853
TI  - Analysis and application of substrate hydrolysis rates in indirect ELISA of a
      purified plant virus.
AB  - The transient colorimetric signal in a microtiter plate is used to quantify a
      purified plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), over five concentration decades
      in a single plate. The method involves the coating of the polystyrene microtiter
      plate wells directly with the CPMV antigen, followed by incubation with a rabbit
      derived CPMV-specific antibody, and lastly by incubation with a commercially
      available antibody against rabbit immunoglobulin which has been pre-labeled with
      alkaline phosphatase. The rate of p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis, both non
      specific and that which was catalyzed by this enzyme, was measured
      spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis rates followed
      first order kinetics at all antigen coating concentrations, and the 1 degree rate
      constants, which ranged from 2 X 10(-6) min-1 to 1 X 10(-3) min-1, were found to
      increase with increasing antigen concentration.

PMID- 3366854
TI  - Combination ELISAs for antiviral antibodies in CSF and serum in patients with
      neurological symptoms and in healthy controls.
AB  - A combination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was designed to improve
      the estimation of serum: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antiviral IgG ratios.
      Microplate wells were coated with five different virus antigens. Serum and CSF
      from 66 patients referred for CSF serology and from 21 healthy controls were
      studied. In a comparison with serum: CSF IgG titre ratios, absorbance ratios were
      found to be suitable for the evaluation of intrathecal antiviral IgG synthesis. A
      slight blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbance affected only the passage of albumin
      over the BBB, whereas a more pronounced BBB defect resulted in increased IgG
      levels in the CSF. Intrathecal antiviral IgG synthesis was demonstrated in 15
      patients with viral CNS infections or inflammatory diseases. Very high serum: CSF
      antiviral IgG titre ratios and absorbance ratios, found in six patients, were
      interpreted as signs of diminished IgG passage over the BBB due to impaired CSF
      circulation.

PMID- 3366855
TI  - A comparison of two ELISAs for detecting HBe markers.
AB  - A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Wellcozyme HBeAg/anti-HBe;
      Wellcome Diagnostics) for detecting hepatitis Be antigen and antibody, the
      markers by which the infectivity of persons with hepatitis B surface antigenaemia
      may be inferred, has been compared with the ELISA obtained from the Division of
      Microbiological Reagents and Quality Control (Public Health Laboratory Service,
      London U.K.) currently used in this laboratory. The new test may be completed
      within 2 h compared with about 19 h for the current test. There was agreement
      between the two assay kits with 106/109 (97%) samples tested. The new test is
      acceptably sensitive and specific as well as being straightforward to perform.

PMID- 3366857
TI  - IgA1 is the major immunoglobulin component of immune complexes in the acquired
      immune deficiency syndrome.
AB  - Compared to a panel of healthy controls, sera from 13 of 23 (57%) patients with
      the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were shown to have elevated levels
      of circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing IgA. Levels of IgG-containing
      CIC were increased in seven patients (30%); no patients had elevated levels of
      IgM-containing CIC. Additional experiments showed that in all instances in which
      IgG CIC were demonstrable, IgA was also present; however, IgA CIC could be found
      that did not contain IgG. The IgA in the CIC was restricted to the IgA1 subclass.
      These data suggest selective abnormalities of IgA regulation in AIDS and raise
      questions as to the role in this disease of the immunoglobulin isotype usually
      thought to possess different protective mechanisms from those attributed to other
      isotypes.

PMID- 3366856
TI  - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and autoimmunity--mutually exclusive
      entities?
AB  - Loss of normal immune homeostasis occurs in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
      (AIDS). We evaluated patients at the University of Cincinnati and New York
      University Medical Centers for serologic evidence of autoimmune changes.
      Specifically, tests for antinuclear and organ-specific antibodies by
      immunofluorescence, antisperm and anti-seminal plasma antibodies, rheumatoid
      factor by latex and sensitized sheep cell agglutination techniques, anti
      polyadenosine (poly A), and single-stranded DNA antibodies were performed in
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive sera. A parallel study of
      mitogen responsiveness was performed and showed inhibition of response by AIDS
      and AIDS-related complex (ARC) sera. In spite of evidence of polyclonal B-cell
      activation, hyperglobulinemia, and the presence of antibodies to many infectious
      agents, as well as the known cellular immune abnormalities, the patients tested
      had a striking absence of these autoantibodies. The only major difference noted
      from normal controls, was a low but significant level of antibody binding to poly
      A. The autoimmune connective tissue diseases were not observed in this group of
      patients.

PMID- 3366858
TI  - Characterization of clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis
      from patients with endocarditis.
AB  - Biotyping, slime production, bacteriophage typing, serotyping, antibiograms, and
      plasmid profiles were used to characterize 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains
      isolated from 12 patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis and from 7 patients
      with native valve endocarditis. With the API Staph battery, 12 different biocodes
      with, at the most, three differences were obtained. Slime production was found
      for 10 strains (53%). Agglutinogens investigated by agglutination with two
      specific sera were found for 12 strains (63.1%). Three strains were phage typable
      (15.2%). Against a panel of nine antimicrobial agents, 15 different profiles were
      found. Multiply antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated from patients with
      prosthetic valve endocarditis when disease onset occurred less than 18 months
      after heart surgery and from patients with native valve endocarditis who received
      antibiotics immediately prior to their illness. All of the strains were available
      for plasmid analysis, and all the DNA profiles were distinct. On gels run in Tris
      borate buffer, 73.7% of the strains had large plasmids of more than 30
      megadaltons. A small plasmid of 2.8 megadaltons was found in multiply resistant
      strains and in strains resistant only to tetracyclines. None of the isolates
      appeared to be the same strain, and the bacteriological differences between the
      strains were confirmed mainly by the antibiotic susceptibility profile and the
      plasmid pattern analysis. These bacteriological results were in agreement with
      the clinical data.

PMID- 3366859
TI  - Characterization of Rhodococcus equi-like bacterium isolated from a wound
      infection in a noncompromised host.
AB  - A case of superficial wound infection in a noncompromised host due to a
      Rhodococcus equi-like organism, acquired from soil, is described. The strain grew
      poorly at 37 degrees C and showed several differences from wild-type R. equi in
      biochemical tests and in its fatty acid and mycolic acid compositions.

PMID- 3366860
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of immunoglobulin G response to the Lyme disease agent
      (Borrelia burgdorferi) in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs.
AB  - Immunoblots were used to study the immunoglobulin G response to Borrelia
      burgdorferi in experimentally and naturally exposed dogs. Adsorption studies
      confirmed that the antibodies were specific for B. burgdorferi. Experimentally
      exposed dogs were asymptomatic. Naturally exposed dogs included both asymptomatic
      animals and animals showing signs compatible with Lyme disease. Naturally exposed
      dogs were from four geographic regions of the country. No differences were
      detected between immunoblot patterns of naturally exposed symptomatic or
      asymptomatic dogs from different areas of the country. The immunoblot patterns
      obtained with sera from experimentally exposed dogs were different from those
      obtained with sera from naturally exposed dogs and were characterized by
      reactivity to fewer and different protein bands. Immunoblot analysis using an
      OspA-protein-producing Escherichia coli recombinant showed that experimentally
      exposed dogs produced antibodies to OspA, whereas naturally exposed dogs did not.
      Modifications of the immune response over time, different routes of antigen
      presentation, and strain variation are factors postulated to account for the
      observed differences.

PMID- 3366861
TI  - Immunochemical diversity of the major outer membrane protein of avian and
      mammalian Chlamydia psittaci.
AB  - Immunochemical properties of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of 16
      strains of Chlamydia psittaci isolated from psittacine birds, budgerigars, a
      pigeon, turkeys, humans, cats, a muskrat, sheep, and cattle and a strain of C.
      trachomatis, L2/434/Bu, were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis and by immunoblotting analysis with hyperimmunized rabbit
      antisera to strains of parrot, turkey, feline, and bovine origin. The MOMPs of
      the strains showed variation in molecular weights and immunological
      specificities. Fifteen of the C. psittaci strains were classified into two avian
      and two mammalian types based on immunological specificity of the MOMP, whereas
      the other strain was not classified in this study. Immunological classification
      based on specificity of the MOMP by immunoblotting proved to be a valuable method
      to classify various strains of C. psittaci.

PMID- 3366862
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters of Aeromonas
      hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Aeromonas caviae.
AB  - Clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, and A. caviae whose fatty
      acid content had been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) displayed the
      following qualitatively similar GLC profiles: 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 17:0, 18:0,
      16:1, 18:1, a-15:0, a-17:0, and 3-OH 14:0. The 16:0/17:0 area-percentage ratio
      separated the clinical aeromonads in accordance with their species designations.
      Aeromonads treated with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic
      cerulenin displayed the following altered qualitative fatty acid GLC profiles:
      12:0, 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1, 18:1, and 3-OH 14:0. Cerulenin-treated cells failed
      to reproducibly display detectable levels of all odd-numbered-carbon-chain-length
      fatty acids observed in untreated cells. Cerulenin-treated cells also exhibited
      overall increases in 14:0 and 3-OH 14:0 and a decrease in total unsaturated fatty
      acid content.

PMID- 3366863
TI  - Comparison of Meritec-Strep with Streptex for direct colony grouping of beta
      hemolytic streptococci from primary isolation and subculture plates.
AB  - Meritec-Strep (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio) a coagglutination
      method, was compared with Streptex (Wellcome Diagnostics, Research Triangle Park,
      N.C.), a latex agglutination method, for the identification of beta-hemolytic
      streptococcal groups A, B, C, F, and G by the direct colony method. A total of
      124 beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates were tested, which included 77 from
      group A, 15 from group B, 10 from group C, 1 from group F, and 21 from group G.
      All were tested from subculture, and 74 (60%) were also tested from primary
      isolation plates. For Meritec-Strep, usually one colony was directly applied to
      the reaction card for testing each grouping reagent, while for Streptex, five
      colonies were tested after a 1-h extraction process. Complete agreement was
      obtained for all isolates tested from subculture with the kits. From primary
      isolation plates, Meritec-Strep correctly identified 97.3% of the isolates
      compared with 94.6% correctly identified for Streptex. Meritec-Strep produced a
      false-negative for one group A isolate and positive reactions for group A and F
      reagents with another group A isolate. A diphtheroid contaminant caused the
      positive group F reaction. Streptex produced false-negative results for one group
      A and three group C isolates. Most positive reactions were strong and rapid (less
      than 30 s) for both kits. The negative test control provided in the individual
      group A and B kits was nonreactive for all isolates. Meritec-Strep accurately
      identified isolated colonies of beta-hemolytic streptococci on primary isolation
      and subculture plates. It provided faster results than Streptex by eliminating
      the time and manipulation of antigen extraction and needed fewer colonies when
      individual group A or B reagents were used.

PMID- 3366864
TI  - Microbiology of indwelling central intravascular catheters.
AB  - Indwelling central-line catheters (n = 502) from 362 patients in intensive care
      units were analyzed prospectively. The skin site, 6-cm-distal and -proximal
      subcutaneous segments of the catheter, exudates, and blood were cultured.
      Semiqualitative roll plate cultures of the catheter segments were followed by
      broth cultures and examined for 72 h. All isolates were identified, and
      susceptibilities were determined. Line infections, defined clinically, yielded 22
      different microbial species; 10 different species were recovered from colonized
      lines. Of the Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates recovered, 39% occurred singly
      and 21% occurred in combination with other microorganisms; Enterococcus faecalis,
      S. hominis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were next in frequency of isolation. Line
      infections also yielded other staphylococci, viridans group streptococci, several
      members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacters, anaerobic bacteria,
      Candida spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus. While S. epidermidis was also the most
      frequent isolate among the line colonizers, different species and different
      frequencies of isolation were found among this group. The study showed that the
      distal catheter segment broth culture was the best predictor of clinical line
      infections; in addition, gram-negative bacteria were isolated only from the
      catheters of patients with overt infections.

PMID- 3366865
TI  - Xylohypha emmonsii sp. nov., a new agent of phaeohyphomycosis.
AB  - Xylohypha emmonsii Padhye, McGinnis et Ajello is described as a new dematiaceous
      opportunistic pathogen of humans and lower animals. This hyphomycete differs from
      X. bantiana (Saccardo) McGinnis, Padhye, Borelli et Ajello by its inability to
      grow at 40 degrees C and by the development of short chains of asymmetrically
      bent to ellipsoid blastoconidia. In brain tissue of mice, experimentally infected
      with X. emmonsii, the host response to the invading fungus was similar to that
      observed in mice infected with X. bantiana. In tissues X. bantiana occurred
      predominantly as long, septate hyphae, in contrast to X. emmonsii, which was more
      polymorphic.

PMID- 3366866
TI  - Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Xylohypha emmonsii.
AB  - The first human phaeohyphomycotic infection caused by Xylohypha emmonsii is
      described. The patient, an 83-year-old woman, developed a purpuric lesion on her
      left arm. The pale brown fungal elements observed in biopsy tissue consisted of
      thin- to thick-walled, oval to spherical, yeastlike cells with single and,
      occasionally, multiple buds; chains of budding cells; cells with internal
      septations in one and, rarely, two planes; and septate hyphae. In culture, X.
      emmonsii grew moderately fast at 25 degrees C, showed minimal growth at 37
      degrees C, and failed to grow at 40 degrees C. It produced acropetal chains of
      one-celled (rarely two-celled) conidia laterally and terminally directly from
      vegetative hyphal cells.

PMID- 3366867
TI  - Fifteen-year experience with bloodstream isolates of coagulase-negative
      staphylococci in neonatal intensive care.
AB  - Investigators worldwide, as well as the neonatologists and infection control team
      at our hospital, have reported that the incidence of coagulase-negative
      staphylococcal bacteremia in critically ill neonates has increased dramatically
      in recent years. To investigate these claims, we examined the results of all
      blood cultures obtained from 1970 to 1984 in our neonatal intensive care unit.
      Throughout this study period, coagulase-negative staphylococci were prominent
      blood culture isolates (crude overall incidence of 4.4 positive bacteremia
      workups per 100 neonates admitted; range, 2.5 to 6.7), representing 26.3 to 69.6%
      of all positive cultures. There was no significant increase in incidence over
      time by analysis of linear trend. Detailed analysis of data from 1976 and 1982
      (two selected years for which complete information concerning culturing practices
      and patient characteristics was available) revealed that these observations were
      not explained by changes in the frequency of blood culturing. In both 1976 and
      1982, the probability that a blood culture would grow coagulase-negative
      staphylococci increased steadily from 2 to 3% shortly after admission to reach a
      level of about 12% in week 3 of hospitalization, before declining to an
      intermediate level thereafter. This pattern is more consistent with nosocomial
      bacteremia than with contamination of blood cultures. Contrary to clinical
      reports, coagulase-negative staphylococci have been the principal pathogens
      isolated from blood cultures in our neonatal intensive care unit since at least
      1970, with no measurable increase over the subsequent 14 years.

PMID- 3366869
TI  - Controlled evaluation of blood culture medium containing gelatin and V-factor
      analog for detection of septicemia in children.
AB  - Both Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae are important isolates
      recovered in blood cultures from septicemic children. Sodium polyanetholsulfonate
      is present in most blood culture media and can inhibit the growth of certain
      bacteria, including N. meningitidis. The addition of gelatin to blood culture
      media neutralizes this inhibition. The growth of H. influenzae is enhanced by
      specific growth factors such as hemin and NAD. The addition of gelatin and V
      factor-analog (a proprietary supplement for enhancing the growth of H.
      influenzae) might have a positive effect on the yield and on the speed of
      detection of septicemia in children. To evaluate this possibility, we did 4,565
      paired comparisons of blood cultured in BACTEC 6B (aerobic) medium with and
      without the addition of both 1.2% gelatin and V-factor-analog. More aerobic and
      facultative bacteria grew in the 6B than in the 6B-gelatin-V-factor-analog medium
      (P less than 0.01). Only seven isolates of Neisseria spp. were recovered during
      this study period, with the 6B medium performing as well as the supplemented
      medium. When microorganisms grew in both bottles, they did so at the same time
      except for H. influenzae and Candida albicans. H. influenzae was recovered
      earlier from the 6B-gelatin-V-factor-analog bottle (P less than 0.01), with a
      mean time to detection of 8.5 h compared with 15.9 h for the 6B bottle. C.
      albicans was recovered earlier from the 6B bottle (P less than 0.02), with a mean
      time to detection of 34.9 h compared with 71.6 h for the 6B-gelatin-V-factor
      analog bottle. We conclude that the 6B medium in its present formulation is
      superior to bB supplemented with gelatin and V-factor-analog.

PMID- 3366868
TI  - Application of optical properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide for
      quantitation of the Vi antigen in vaccines for typhoid fever.
AB  - The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi and of Citrobacter freundii (Vi)
      is a linear homopolymer of alpha 1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid,
      variably O-acetylated at the C-3 position. Vaccines composed of Vi confer
      protection against typhoid fever with an efficacy of about 70%; Vi has recently
      been conjugated to proteins to increase its immunogenicity and effectiveness
      (I.L. Acharya, R. Tapa, V.L. Gurubacharya, M.B. Shrestha, C.U. Lowe, D.D. Bryla,
      R. Schneerson, J.B. Robbins, T. Crampton, B. Trollfors, M. Cadoz, D. Schulz, and
      J. Armand, N. Engl. J. Med. 317:1101-1104, 1987; K.P. Klugman, I. Gilbertson,
      H.J. Kornhof, J.B. Robbins, R. Schneerson, D. Schulz, M. Cadoz, and J. Armand,
      Lancet ii:1165-1169, 1987; S.C. Szu, A.L. Stone, J.D. Robbins, R. Schneerson, and
      J.B. Robbins, J. Exp. Med. 166:1510-1524, 1987). Vi, however, cannot be measured
      by conventional colorimetric methods. Two optical techniques were adapted to
      quantitate Vi in vaccines. The first, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy,
      was performed on salt-free, freeze-dried samples. The intensities of the
      absorbance peaks of Vi were proportional to the amount of Vi within the range of
      0.25 to 2.0 mg. The amount of Vi was determined from integrated absorptions at
      the 1,235- or 1,417-cm-1 band. The second technique, spectrophotometric
      titration, was more sensitive than the Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy
      and could be performed on dilute solutions. The metachromatic effect of the
      reaction between the aromatic cationic dye acridine orange and the carboxyl
      groups of Vi was quantitative within +/- 2% in the range of 20 to 700 micrograms
      of Vi per ml. The accuracy of the titration of Vi in the vaccines was within +/-
      8%. These two methods may be applicable to measure other capsular polysaccharides
      in vaccines.

PMID- 3366870
TI  - Prevention of pneumococcal otitis media in chinchillas with human bacterial
      polysaccharide immune globulin.
AB  - Clinical and experimental observations suggest that immune globulin may prevent
      otitis media (OM) in children. We performed experiments in chinchillas to test
      the hypothesis that human bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) might
      prevent OM caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Animals were given BPIG or saline
      intraperitoneally on day 0. On day 3 the epitympanic bulla was inoculated with S.
      pneumoniae type 7F. All 12 saline-treated and none of 12 BPIG-treated animals
      developed pneumococcal OM by day 7 (P less than 0.0001). Bacteremia developed in
      6 of 12 saline- and 0 of 12 BPIG-treated animals (P = 0.007). Death with
      pneumococcal OM occurred within 28 days in 5 of 12 saline- and 0 of 12 BPIG
      injected animals (P = 0.02). A chinchilla-specific immunoassay was used to show
      that surviving saline-injected animals developed serum anticapsular antibody;
      BPIG-treated animals had no detectable response. At levels of anticapsular
      immunoglobulin G similar to those of human adults, BPIG given systemically
      prevented pneumococcal OM and disseminated infection in chinchillas. BPIG may be
      of value in preventing human bacterial infection and may also inhibit development
      of antibody if it affects local infection or colonization. Specific
      immunoglobulin G antibody may provide an important antibacterial defense of
      mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract.

PMID- 3366871
TI  - Comparative recoveries of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare from isolator
      lysis-centrifugation and BACTEC 13A blood culture systems.
AB  - Blood cultures processed with a lysis-centrifugation (Isolator) system and a
      radiometric (BACTEC 13A) broth system were compared for the recovery of
      Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare from patients with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome. Forty-nine isolates of M. avium-M. intracellulare were
      recovered by both systems, 9 were recovered by the Isolator system only, and 12
      were recovered by the BACTEC system only. Average times to detection were 16 and
      14 days for the Isolator and BACTEC systems, respectively. There was no
      significant difference between the two blood culture systems in sensitivity or
      time to detection.

PMID- 3366872
TI  - Bacteremia caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum.
AB  - An immunocompromised patient with an indwelling Hickman catheter developed
      Mycobacterium neoaurum bacteremia. This rapidly growing mycobacterium was
      previously isolated from soil, dust, and water but has not been described as a
      human pathogen. The infection responded to therapy with cefoxitin and gentamicin.
      It was not necessary to remove the Hickman catheter.

PMID- 3366873
TI  - Enterobacter agglomerans lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in pulmonary
      surfactant as a factor in the pathogenesis of byssinosis.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Enterobacter agglomerans and pulmonary surfactant
      mixtures were centrifuged in discontinuous sucrose gradients to determine whether
      LPS bound to surfactant and examined in a Langmuir trough with a Wilhelmy balance
      to determine whether LPS altered the surface activity of surfactant. The LPS was
      found to bind to the surfactant and altered its surface tension properties. The
      binding of LPS to surfactant in the lung may change the physiological properties
      of surfactant and be a possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of byssinosis.

PMID- 3366874
TI  - Enrichment for Plesiomonas shigelloides from stools.
AB  - Bile peptone broth and alkaline peptone water (pH 8.5) were examined as
      enrichment media for the isolation of Plesiomonas shigelloides from stools, with
      salmonella-shigella agar as the isolation medium. After 423 parallel examinations
      in two different experiments, bile peptone broth enrichment for 24 h was observed
      to be six times more effective (P less than 0.01) than direct plating alone on
      salmonella-shigella agar. Bile peptone broth was found to be twice as effective
      as alkaline peptone water for the recovery of P. shigelloides from stools.

PMID- 3366875
TI  - New plate medium for screening and presumptive identification of gram-negative
      urinary tract pathogens.
AB  - A new selective, differential plating medium to screen the common gram-negative
      urinary tract pathogens is described. The medium combines adonitol fermentation,
      phenylalanine deaminase, and beta-glucuronidase tests and allows the indole and
      cytochrome oxidase tests to be performed directly from the plates. High-level
      agreement with individual conventional tests was recorded in comparative studies
      with 504 cultures of gram-negative rods. There was 100% agreement, except for the
      Providencia spp. indole spot test (61.6% agreement). Adonitol fermentation by
      Providencia species could not be determined. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified with a
      high efficiency (100, 85.7, 83.5, and 100% agreement, respectively) without
      further testing. There was 96% overall agreement for the 267 infected urine
      samples tested.

PMID- 3366876
TI  - Packaged identification systems and bacteria of veterinary origin.

PMID- 3366877
TI  - Advantage of using 35,000-molecular-weight protein for testing of Toxoplasma
      gondii immunoglobulin M.

PMID- 3366878
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women.

PMID- 3366879
TI  - Loss of antigenic properties of acetylcholine receptors in rat skeletal muscle
      after birth.
AB  - Antibodies in a myasthenic serum were used to follow the changes in antigenic
      properties of acetylcholine receptors in rat skeletal muscle during development.
      In binding assays at saturating concentrations of antigen or antibody, the
      antibodies reacted with extrajunctional receptors of fetal and denervated adult
      muscle but showed little binding to junctional receptors of adult rat muscle.
      They did, however, bind to junctional receptors of adult chicken muscle which,
      unlike rat receptors, do not appear to undergo a change in their channel
      properties during development. Binding studies with acetylcholine receptors of
      developing rat muscle carried out at saturating concentrations of antibody showed
      that the loss of antigenic determinant(s) begins at 1-2 days after birth.

PMID- 3366880
TI  - Acute infusion of chemotactic or enkephalin-analog peptides into rat cerebral
      ventricles: scanning and transmission electron microscopy of leukocyte
      immigration in vivo.
AB  - Acute infusions of the formylated chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl
      phenylalanine-lysine (FMLPL) or enkephalin analogue (Sandoz peptide) were made to
      the lateral cerebral ventricle of adult male rats to examine potential cellular
      responses within the central nervous system (CNS). Ependymal regions lining the
      third ventricle atop the hypothalamus were examined using scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. The formylated peptide induced a significant,
      primarily neutrophilic cellular response in animals sacrificed 1 h after
      infusion. Cells were observed within and external to neuropil blood capillaries,
      suggestive of emigration from vasculature in response to the peptide. In
      contrast, the enkephalin analogue did not induce any leukocyte cellular response
      within the same time frame. Earlier studies have shown a monocyte/macrophage
      response in the same setting to the opioid peptides beta-endorphin, and to a
      lesser extent, methionine enkephalin. The present findings suggest that a
      formylated peptide is a potent stimulus for neutrophil migration within a CNS
      site, while opioid peptides may be variable with respect to effectiveness on
      cells of the immune system within the CNS, depending upon chemical configuration.

PMID- 3366881
TI  - Thymic extracellular matrix in myasthenia gravis. II. Immunohistochemical
      evidence for increased type I collagen degradation.
AB  - By immunohistochemistry, we studied the breakdown of type I collagen in frozen
      sections of normal and hyperplastic (myasthenia gravis-associated) human
      thymuses. This analysis was carried out using a specific polyclonal antibody
      directed against the alpha 2-CB(3,5) peptide, a degradation product of type I
      collagen. In the normal thymus, virtually no labeling was observed within thymic
      septae or intralobular regions. In contrast, bright fluorescent staining was
      consistently detected in myasthenia gravis-associated hyperplastic thymuses. Such
      immunoreactivity was found not only in septal regions but also in the
      intralobular connective tissue meshwork that exists in these thymuses. Our
      results represent further evidence for a defect in extracellular matrix
      metabolism in hyperplastic thymuses, which may be related to the abnormal
      intrathymic penetration of B cells, known to occur in this disease.

PMID- 3366883
TI  - Analysis of gait patterns in normal school-aged children.
AB  - The continuing development of gait in 60 children aged 7-16 years was studied
      with plantar surface-attached transducers to describe the time pressure profiles
      of foot segments during stance. Decreased pronation/supination of the subtalar
      and midtarsal joints was shown by simultaneous onset and simultaneous peak on
      medial and lateral heel sensors. The resultant midstance showed a rapid lateral
      to-medial loading of the forefoot. The foot-flat position with decreased rotation
      about the longitudinal axis of the foot persists even after the temporal
      parameters of gait attain mature values.

PMID- 3366882
TI  - Clubfoot analysis with three-dimensional computer modeling.
AB  - Which way are the bones rotated in a clubfoot? This question has long been
      debated by clubfoot surgeons. Opinions have been based on observations from
      surgery, radiographs, and autopsies. These methods all have pitfalls and are
      subject to misinterpretation. We used three-dimensional computer modeling to
      analyze histologic sections of a newborn clubfoot and a newborn normal foot.
      Relative to the bimalleolar axis in the axial plane, the normal talus
      demonstrated 5 degrees of internal rotation of its body and 25 degrees internal
      rotation of its neck. The clubfoot talus showed 14 degrees of external rotation
      of its body and 45 degrees of internal rotation of its neck. The calcaneus was
      externally rotated 5 degrees in the normal foot and internally rotated 22 degrees
      in the clubfoot.

PMID- 3366884
TI  - Chiari osteotomy in cerebral palsy.
AB  - Twelve cerebrospastic patients underwent 13 Chiari osteotomies for the treatment
      of subluxed or dislocated hips. Twelve of these 13 hips were reexamined 24-80
      months later. Ten patients had painless located hips. The two failures had pelvic
      obliquity that resulted in redislocation.

PMID- 3366885
TI  - Slotted acetabular augmentation in patients with neuromuscular disorders.
AB  - This study presents our results with a single graft modification of slotted
      acetabular augmentation in severely neuromuscularly compromised children from
      1983 to 1986. Included in the study were 26 hips of 24 patients (13 males and 11
      females) with an average age of 8 years 3 months at the time of surgery. Most of
      the patients had spastic cerebral palsy. The average followup was 29 months. We
      believe that our current results show that slotted acetabular augmentation in
      patients with neuromuscular conditions is a relatively simple and safe procedure
      with a high probability for a successful outcome.

PMID- 3366886
TI  - Behavioral sequelae of bracing versus surgery for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
AB  - The Louisville Behavioral Checklist was administered to 23 white boys between the
      ages of 7 and 12 years who completed treatment for Perthes disease by bracing or
      surgery at the Florida Elks Children's Hospital. The groups were comparable, with
      11 children in the surgery group and 12 in the bracing group. Results indicated
      statistically significant differences (p = 0.05) between the groups in three
      areas. Patients in the bracing group were more likely to demonstrate deficits in
      social, academic, and sexual behavior as compared with patients in the surgery
      group.

PMID- 3366887
TI  - Early results of medial approach open reduction in congenital dislocation of the
      hip: use before walking age.
AB  - The operative findings and results in our first 40 consecutive open reductions of
      the congenitally dislocated hip by the medial approach are presented. These were
      all performed by one surgeon before walking age and, with one exception, all
      patients were aged less than 11 months at operation. Follow-up was from 2 to 7
      years (mean 4.6 years). A vascular necrosis did not occur, but coxa magna and
      significant acetabular dysplasia were each present in one case. We have not
      performed any secondary operations.

PMID- 3366888
TI  - Valgus deformity following derotation osteotomy to correct medial femoral
      torsion.
AB  - The clinical records and radiographic files of 79 patients who underwent
      bilateral distal femoral derotation osteotomies for severe persistent medial
      femoral torsion at the Alfred I. duPont Institute from 1967 to 1983 were
      reviewed. We excluded patients with neuromuscular disorders and those with less
      than 2 years of postoperative follow-up, including satisfactory radiographs at
      our institution. Fourteen patients were included in the study. Following the
      osteotomy, two of these patients developed progressive valgus deformity that was
      the result of medial femoral overgrowth. Both patients required a second surgical
      procedure to correct this deformity. To our knowledge, this progressive angular
      deformity has not been reported previously.

PMID- 3366889
TI  - Complex dislocation of the index metacarpophalangeal joint in children.
AB  - Four cases of complex dislocation of the index metacarpophalangeal joint prior to
      skeletal maturity were reviewed. Despite the generalized laxity present in these
      children, none of the dislocations could be anatomically reduced by closed
      methods. Two patients had a concomitant osteochondral fracture from the ulnar
      side of the metacarpal epiphysis; one subsequently developed a lesion similar to
      an epiphyseal osteochondroma. One patient developed ischemic necrosis leading to
      premature growth arrest; a shortened metacarpal, and a deformed metacarpal head.
      The possibility of vascular damage must be considered in the skeletally immature
      patient, since the epiphyseal and physeal circulation may be compromised by
      either the dislocation or exposure for the reduction.

PMID- 3366890
TI  - Tibial fractures in children: follow-up study.
AB  - One hundred seventeen children with tibial shaft fractures were treated by above
      knee cast with or without traction depending on stability. All fractures united
      in an average period of 37 days. Reevaluation after 3-10 years showed that
      initial shortening, fracture type, fracture location, and age of the patient
      affected growth acceleration, whereas the initial angular magnitude, direction,
      and planes, as well as the type of the fracture, the age of the patient, and
      length of follow-up period, affected correction of angulation. We concluded that:
      shortening can be compensated by growth acceleration; varus deformities can
      undergo spontaneous correlation whereas valgus deformity and posterior angulation
      partially persist and rotational deformities persist.

PMID- 3366891
TI  - Long-term follow-up of infantile hip sepsis.
AB  - Nine hips in eight patients were available at a mean follow-up of 31.5 years for
      participation in a retrospective functional and radiographic analysis for the
      purpose of examining the late effects of infantile septic hip arthritis in a
      group untouched by reconstructive hip surgery. Results suggest that
      reconstructive efforts following hip joint sepsis designed for relocation of an
      inadequate femoral head for persistent dislocation or for transference of the
      greater trochanteric epiphysis into the acetabulum may not yield results
      comparable to nonoperative treatment.

PMID- 3366893
TI  - Osteoblastoma in the very young: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of tumors caused by osteoblastoma in children less than 3 years old are
      presented. This report points out that although most osteoblastomas appear in
      patients less than 30 years old, it is uncommon for the lesion to present in the
      very young. The authors note that osteoblastoma should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of a lytic lesion because patients may be too young to
      communicate their complaints.

PMID- 3366892
TI  - Chronic progressive osteoblastic osteomyelitis: a new approach to treatment.
AB  - The clinical, histologic and radiographic picture in 16 cases in 15 patients with
      nonfistulating chronic progressive osteoblastic osteomyelitis of a long tubular
      bone which started in childhood is presented. All patients had severe pain at
      rest or weightbearing. Histology showed an increase of active osteoblasts. Low
      virulent bacteria were found in one-fourth of the patients. To reduce the
      osteoblastic activity, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory treatment was combined with
      surgical and antibiotic treatment. Eleven patients were pain-free at follow-up
      (average 47 months), 3 had reduced pain, and 1 patient did not respond to
      treatment.

PMID- 3366894
TI  - Anterolateral approach to the hip for bone graft epiphysiodesis in the treatment
      of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - In an effort to accommodate the needs of the majority of orthopedic surgeons who
      might encounter cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, an operative approach
      familiar to everyday practice was sought. Thirty-two cases of slipped capital
      femoral epiphysis were treated by bone graft epiphysiodesis using an
      anterolateral approach in contrast to the more traditionally used iliofemoral
      (Smith-Peterson) approach. Experience has shown this to be a better approach
      based on reduced operating time, less blood loss, avoidance of damage to the
      lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, improved wound healing, and for the operating
      surgeon, familiarity with an exposure utilized in total hip replacement.

PMID- 3366895
TI  - Arthrogryposis.

PMID- 3366896
TI  - The care of infant hips.

PMID- 3366897
TI  - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency due to deletion of the ADA gene promoter and
      first exon by homologous recombination between two Alu elements.
AB  - In 15-20% of children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the
      underlying defect is adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. The goal of this study
      was to determine the precise molecular defect in a patient with ADA-deficient
      SCID whom we previously have shown to have a total absence of ADA mRNA and a
      structural alteration of the ADA gene. By detailed Southern analysis, we now have
      determined that the structural alteration is a deletion of approximately 3.3 kb,
      which included exon 1 and the promoter region of the ADA gene. DNA sequence
      analysis demonstrates that the deletion created a novel, complete Alu repeat by
      homologous recombination between two existing Alu repeats that flanked the
      deletion. The 26-bp recombination joint in the Alu sequence includes the 10-bp
      "B" sequence homologous to the RNA polymerase III promoter. This is the first
      example of homologous recombination involving the B sequence in Alu repeats.
      Similar recombination events have been identified involving Alu repeats in which
      the recombination joint was located between the A and B sequences of the
      polymerase III split promoter. The nonrandom location of these events suggests
      that these segments may be hot spots for recombination.

PMID- 3366898
TI  - Bowel necrosis induced by tumor necrosis factor in rats is mediated by platelet
      activating factor.
AB  - We have developed a rat model of ischemic bowel necrosis associated with shock by
      injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF) or a combination of PAF and
      endotoxin. Recent investigations have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also
      induces shock and necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract. The morphological
      changes of TNF-induced bowel lesions are indistinguishable from those caused by
      PAF. The mechanism of TNF-induced bowel necrosis is unclear. In the present
      study, we have shown that (a) TNF caused PAF production in bowel tissue; (b) the
      effects of TNF and LPS on PAF production in the intestine are additive; (c) TNF
      and LPS are synergistic in inducing bowel necrosis; and (d) TNF-induced bowel
      necrosis is due to PAF release and can be prevented by pretreatment with PAF
      antagonists.

PMID- 3366899
TI  - Use of laminar flow and unstirred layer models to predict intestinal absorption
      in the rat.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) and [14C]warfarin were used to measure the preepithelial
      diffusion resistance resulting from poor luminal stirring (RL) in the constantly
      perfused rat jejunum at varying degrees of distension (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ml/cm).
      RL was much greater than epithelial cell resistance, indicating that poor
      stirring was the limiting factor in absorption and that an appropriate model of
      stirring should accurately predict absorption. A laminar flow model accurately
      predicted the absorption rate of both probes at all levels of gut distension, as
      well as the absorption of glucose when RL was the rate-limiting factor in
      absorption. In contrast, an unstirred layer model would not have predicted that
      gut distension would have little influence on absorption, and would have
      underestimated [14C]warfarin absorption relative to CO. We concluded that in the
      perfused rat jejunum, laminar flow accurately models luminal stirring and an
      unstirred layer should be considered to be a unit of resistance in laminar flow,
      rather than a model of luminal stirring.

PMID- 3366900
TI  - Influence on immunoreactive folate-binding proteins of extracellular folate
      concentration in cultured human cells.
AB  - The influence of extracellular folate concentration on cellular levels of the
      folate transport protein and its soluble product was studied directly in cultured
      human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) cells. As determined by radioimmunoassay,
      levels of the folate transport protein and the soluble folate-binding protein
      were 58 +/- 17 (mean +/- SD) and 5 +/- 2 pmol/mg cell protein, respectively, in
      KB cells maintained in standard medium (containing 2,300 nM folic acid). These
      levels significantly increased to 182 +/- 34 and 26 +/- 6 pmol/mg cell protein,
      respectively, in KB cells serially passaged in low folate medium (containing 2-10
      nM 5-methyltetrahydrofolate). Increases in folate-binding protein levels occurred
      more rapidly in KB cells serially passaged in very low folate medium containing
      less than 2 nM folate and were prevented by the addition of 100 nM 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate or 0.1-1 microM 5-formyltetrahydrofolate to this medium.
      When KB cells which had been passaged in low folate medium were passaged back
      into either standard medium or low folate medium supplemented with reduced
      folates, the levels of both folate-binding proteins fell linearly towards the
      levels in KB cells continuously maintained in standard medium. The folate
      transport protein was identified in and underwent similar changes in human and
      mouse mammary tumor cells. These studies indicate that the folate transport
      system is probably regulated by the extracellular folate concentration through
      changes in intracellular metabolite levels.

PMID- 3366901
TI  - Pathogenesis of Campylobacter fetus infections. Failure of encapsulated
      Campylobacter fetus to bind C3b explains serum and phagocytosis resistance.
AB  - Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus strains causing systemic infections in humans are
      highly resistant to normal and immune serum, which is due to the presence of high
      molecular weight (100,000, 127,000, or 149,000) surface (S-layer) proteins. Using
      serum-resistant parental strains (82-40 LP and 23D) containing the 100,000-mol wt
      protein and serum-sensitive mutants (82-40 HP and 23B) differing only in that
      they lack the 100,000-mol wt protein capsule, we examined complement binding and
      activation, and opsono-phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. C3
      consumption was similar for all four strains but C3 was not efficiently bound to
      82-40 LP or 23D even in the presence of immune serum, and the small amount of C3
      bound was predominently the hemolytically inactive iC3b fragment. Consumption and
      binding of C5 and C9 was significantly greater for the unencapsulated than the
      encapsulated strains. Opsonization of 82-40 HP with heat-inactivated normal human
      serum caused greater than 99% killing by human PMN. Similar opsonization of 82-40
      LP showed no kill, but use of immune serum restored killing. Findings in a PMN
      chemiluminescence assay showed parallel results. Association of 32P-labeled 82-40
      HP with PMN in the presence of HINHS was 19-fold that for the 82-40 LP, and
      electron microscopy illustrated that the difference was in uptake rather than in
      binding. These results indicate that presence of the 100,000-mol wt protein
      capsule on the surface of C. fetus leads to impaired C3b binding, thus explaining
      serum resistance and defective opsonization in NHS, mechanisms that explain the
      capacity of this enteric organism to cause systemic infections.

PMID- 3366902
TI  - Bicarbonate absorption stimulates active calcium absorption in the rat proximal
      tubule.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of luminal bicarbonate on calcium reabsorption, rat
      proximal tubules were perfused in vivo. Perfusion solution contained mannitol to
      reduce water flux to zero. Total Ca concentration was measured by atomic
      absorption spectrometry, Ca ion concentration in the tubule lumen (CaL2+) and the
      peritubular capillary (CaP2+), and luminal pH (pHL) with ion-selective
      microelectrodes and transepithelial voltage (VTE) with conventional
      microelectrodes. When tubules were perfused with buffer-free Cl-containing
      solution, net Ca absorption (JCa) averaged 3.33 pmol/min. Even though VTE was
      1.64 mV lumen-positive, CaL2+, 1.05 mM, did not fall below the concentration in
      the capillary blood, 1.07 mM. When 27 mM of Cl was replaced with HCO3, there was
      luminal fluid acidification. Despite a decrease in VTE and CaL2+, JCa increased
      to 7.13 pmol/min, indicating that the enhanced JCa could not be accounted for by
      the reduced electrochemical gradient, delta CCa. When acetazolamide or an
      analogue of amiloride was added to the HCO3 solution, JCa was not different from
      the buffer-free solution, suggesting that HCO3-stimulated JCa may be linked to
      acidification. To further test this hypothesis, we used 27 mM Hepes as the
      luminal buffer. With Hepes there was luminal fluid acidification and JCa was not
      different from the buffer-free solution but delta CCa was significantly reduced,
      indicating enhanced active calcium transport. We conclude from the results of the
      present study that HCO3 stimulates active Ca absorption, a process that may be
      linked to acidification-mediated HCO3 absorption.

PMID- 3366904
TI  - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of tumor necrosis factor gene
      expression in human monocytes.
AB  - Regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression was investigated in
      resting human monocytes and in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      activated monocytes. TNF transcripts were undetectable in resting monocytes.
      However, in TPA-activated monocytes, TNF mRNA was first detectable by 3 h and
      reached maximal levels by 12 h of drug exposure. Using run-on transcription
      assays, the TNF gene was transcriptionally inactive in resting monocytes, but was
      rapidly activated after TPA exposure. The protein synthesis inhibitor,
      cycloheximide (CHX), had no detectable effect on levels of TNF transcripts in
      resting monocytes, while this agent superinduced the level of TNF mRNA by 50-fold
      in TPA-activated cells. TPA activated monocytes were also exposed to actinomycin
      D and/or CHX to determine whether transcriptional or posttranscriptional control
      of TNF gene expression was responsible for the induction of TNF transcripts.
      After 1 h of actinomycin D treatment, the amount of TNF transcripts was reduced
      by 75%. In contrast, no difference in TNF mRNA levels was observed in TPA
      activated monocytes exposed to CHX alone or CHX in combination with actinomycin
      D. These findings indicated that CHX prevented the degradation of TNF mRNA by
      inhibiting the synthesis of a labile protein. Run-on transcription assays
      performed on cells exposed to either TPA or the combination of TPA and CHX
      further indicated that CHX treatment increased transcription of the TNF gene.
      Thus, TNF gene expression is controlled at the transcriptional level in resting
      human monocytes, while both transcriptional and posttranscriptional events
      regulate the level of TNF transcripts in TPA-activated cells.

PMID- 3366903
TI  - Coregulation of NADPH oxidase activation and phosphorylation of a 48-kD
      protein(s) by a cytosolic factor defective in autosomal recessive chronic
      granulomatous disease.
AB  - The mechanisms regulating activation of the respiratory burst enzyme, NADPH
      oxidase, of human neutrophils (PMN) are not yet understood, but protein
      phosphorylation may play a role. We have utilized a defect in a cytosolic factor
      required for NADPH oxidase activation observed in two patients with the autosomal
      recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) to examine the role of
      protein phosphorylation in activation of NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system.
      NADPH oxidase could be activated by SDS in reconstitution mixtures of cytosolic
      and membrane subcellular fractions from normal PMN, and SDS also enhanced
      phosphorylation of at least 16 cytosolic and 14 membrane-associated proteins.
      However, subcellular fractions from CGD PMN plus SDS expressed little NADPH
      oxidase activity, and phosphorylation of a 48-kD protein(s) was selectively
      defective. The membrane fraction from CGD cells could be activated for NADPH
      oxidase when mixed with normal cytosol and phosphorylation of the 48-kD
      protein(s) was restored. In contrast, the membrane fraction from normal cells
      expressed almost no NADPH oxidase activity when mixed with CGD cytosol, and
      phosphorylation of the 48-kD protein(s) was again markedly decreased. Protein
      kinase C (PKC) activity in PMN from the two patients appeared to be normal,
      suggesting that a deficiency of PKC is not the cause of the defective 48-kD
      protein phosphorylation and that the cytosolic factor is not PKC. These results
      demonstrate that the cytosolic factor required for activation of NADPH oxidase
      also regulates phosphorylation of a specific protein, or family of proteins, at
      48 kD. Although the nature of this protein(s) is still unknown, it may be related
      to the functional and phosphorylation defects present in CGD PMN and to the
      activation of NADPH oxidase in the cell-free system.

PMID- 3366905
TI  - Role of group-specific component (vitamin D binding protein) in clearance of
      actin from the circulation in the rabbit.
AB  - The possible role of group specific component (Gc) (vitamin D-binding protein) in
      the clearance of cellular actin entering the circulation was examined with 125I
      labeled Gc and actin injected into a rabbit model. Although filamentous F-actin
      is depolymerized primarily by plasma gelsolin, greater than or equal to 90% 125I
      actin injected in either monomeric G- or F-form became complexed eventually with
      Gc (1:1 molar ratio). Clearance of Gc complexes was much faster (greater than 90%
      within 5 h) than that of native Gc (t1/2 = 17.2 h). Nephrectomy did not
      significantly alter the clearance of either Gc or actin. Since Gc complexes are
      dramatically increased in situations of tissue necrosis such as in fulminant
      hepatic failure, the current results suggest a crucial role for Gc in
      sequestration and clearance of released cellular actin.

PMID- 3366906
TI  - Role of glucose transporters in the cellular insulin resistance of type II non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - To examine the role of glucose transport proteins in cellular insulin resistance,
      we studied subcutaneous adipocytes isolated from lean control, obese control
      (body mass index [BMI] 33.4 +/- 0.9), and untreated obese non-insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients (BMI 35.2 +/- 2.1; fasting glucose 269 +/- 20
      mg/dl). Glucose transporters were measured in plasma membrane (PM), low-density
      (LDM), and high-density (HDM) microsomal subfractions from basal and maximally
      insulin-stimulated cells using the cytochalasin B binding assay, and normalized
      per milligram of membrane protein. In all subgroups, insulin led to an increase
      in PM glucose transporters and a corresponding depletion of transporters in the
      LDM. Insulin recruited 20% fewer transporters to the PM in the obese subgroup
      when compared with lean controls, and this was associated with a decline in LDM
      transporters with enlarging cell size in the control subjects. In NIDDM, PM, and
      LDM, transporters were decreased 50% in both basal and stimulated cells when
      compared with obese controls having similar mean adipocyte size. Cellular
      depletion of glucose transporters was not the only cause of insulin resistance,
      because the decrease in rates of [14C]-D-glucose transport (basal and insulin
      stimulated) was greater than could be explained by reduced numbers of PM
      transporters in both NIDDM and obesity. In HDM, the number of transporters was
      not influenced by insulin and was similar in all subgroups. We conclude that (a)
      in NIDDM and obesity, both reduced numbers and impaired activity of glucose
      transporters contribute to cellular insulin resistance, and (b) in NIDDM, more
      profound cellular insulin resistance is associated primarily with a further
      depletion of cellular transporters.

PMID- 3366907
TI  - Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone formation in vitro.
AB  - Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied for its effects on bone
      formation in cultured rat calvariae. bFGF at 0.1-100 ng/ml stimulated
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by up to 4.4-fold. bFGF also increased the
      number of colcemid-induced metaphase arrested cells and the DNA content.
      Transient (24 h) treatment with bFGF enhanced [3H]-proline incorporation into
      collagen 24-48 h after the factor was removed; this effect was DNA synthesis
      dependent and blocked by hydroxyurea. The collagen stimulated by bFGF was type I,
      and this effect was observed primarily in the periosteum-free bone. In contrast,
      continuous treatment with bFGF for 24-96 h inhibited [3H]proline incorporation
      into type I collagen. bFGF did not alter collagen degradation. In conclusion,
      bFGF stimulates calvarial DNA synthesis, which causes an increased number of
      collagen-synthesizing cells, but bFGF has a direct inhibitory effect on collagen
      synthesis.

PMID- 3366908
TI  - Indomethacin secretion in the isolated perfused proximal straight rabbit tubule.
      Evidence for two parallel transport mechanisms.
AB  - We studied indomethacin as a probe of anion transport across the isolated
      perfused proximal straight tubule of the rabbit and discovered that a substantial
      component of transport may occur by anion exchange at the basolateral membrane.
      Various perturbations involving direct or indirect dissipation of the cellular
      sodium gradient (ouabain, sodium- or potassium-free solutions, cooling to 18
      degrees C) resulted in only a 50% inhibition of indomethacin transport, which
      raised the question of a co-existent alternative pathway for secretion.
      Similarly, the anion exchange inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene (DIDS),
      diminished indomethacin secretion by only 50%. Cooling followed by DIDS or the
      reverse sequence resulted in additive inhibition such that the combination
      abolished active secretion of indomethacin. We conclude that active secretion of
      indomethacin by the proximal straight tubule appears to be in part sodium
      gradient dependent; the remainder may be driven by an anion exchanger on the
      basolateral membrane.

PMID- 3366910
TI  - Exaggerated triglyceride accretion in human preadipocyte-murine renal line
      hybrids composed of cells from massively obese subjects.
AB  - To learn about adipose differentiation of precursors from postnatal adipose
      tissue of lean and massively obese subjects, human omental adipocyte precursor
      murine renal adenocarcinoma cell (RAG) hybrids were formed by fusion with
      polyethylene glycol, and cultured selectively with 50 microM ouabain in
      hypoxanthine aminopterin thymidine (HAT) medium. Under conditions in which the
      parent cells did not differentiate, a number of hybrids, which were cloned,
      revealed morphologic and biochemical evidence of differentiation. In addition to
      activation of human genes within the common nucleus of the hybrids, murine
      cytoplasmic activators are probably also involved because heterocaryons (fused
      cells with two interspecific nuclei) revealed the same phenomenon. Hybrids
      composed of precursors from massively obese subjects disclosed more frequent and
      prominent differentiation. Since these hybrids, in contrast to those from the
      lean, recapitulate this phenomenon in subcultures, they provide the potential
      system for mapping the human gene(s) responsible for adipose differentiation and
      its exaggeration in massive obesity.

PMID- 3366911
TI  - Family variables and physical activity in preschool children.
AB  - Correlates of the physical activity habits of preschool children were studied in
      a multiethnic sample. Physical activity levels of 33 low-income children were
      observed systematically during free-play periods at preschool. Children spent 58%
      of free-play time in sedentary activities (e.g., sitting), and were vigorously
      active only 11% of the time. Independent variables studied were child body mass
      index (BMI), teacher-rated Type A behavior, and parent-reported mother BMI,
      father BMI, parent vigorous activity, and family cardiovascular disease (CVD)
      risk. The multiple regression of moderate-intensity activity was significant,
      with family CVD risk, parent vigorous activity, and father BMI accounting for
      significant amounts of variance. The results suggest that the effects of parental
      role modeling on child physical activity levels may extend to free-play settings
      far beyond the confines of the home environment.

PMID- 3366912
TI  - Depression among adolescent mothers: a pilot study.
AB  - Eighteen women less than 22 years old, who had their first child during
      adolescence, were assessed with a standard in-depth diagnostic interview for the
      presence of and/or history of depression and other disorders. Eight of the 18
      women (44%) had experienced at least one episode of major depressive disorder at
      some point in their lives. A majority of episodes had their onset during
      pregnancy. Moreover, six women (33%) were experiencing a diagnosable form of
      depression at the time of the interview. Most of the women who had been depressed
      experienced at least part of their depression while they were raising their
      children. Whereas these preliminary findings need to be replicated due to the
      small sample size, they draw attention to the need for the integration of mental
      health assessment and treatment in service programs for adolescent mothers.

PMID- 3366909
TI  - Separate transport systems for biliary secretion of sulfated and unsulfated bile
      acids in the rat.
AB  - Biliary secretion of 3 alpha-sulfated bile acids has been studied in Wistar rats
      with an autosomal recessive defect in the hepatic transport of bilirubin. Liver
      function, established by measurement of various enzymes in plasma, by enzyme
      histochemical methods, and by electron microscopy, appeared to be normal in these
      rats. Serum levels of unconjugated, monoglucuronidated, and diglucuronidated
      bilirubin were 0.62, 1.62, and 6.16 mumol/liter, respectively, compared with
      0.17, 0.08, and 0.02 mumol/liter in control rats. Biliary bilirubin secretion was
      strongly reduced in the mutant animals: 0.21 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.03 nmol/min
      per 100 g body wt in control rats. Despite normal biliary bile acid output, bile
      flow was markedly impaired in the mutant animals, due to a 53% reduction of the
      bile acid-independent fraction of bile flow. The transport maximum for biliary
      secretion of dibromosulphthalein (DBSP) was also drastically reduced (-53%).
      Biliary secretion of intravenously administered trace amounts of the 3 alpha
      sulfate esters of 14C-labeled taurocholic acid (-14%), taurochenodeoxycholic acid
      (-39%), taurolithocholic acid (-73%), and glycolithocholic acid (-91%) was
      impaired in the jaundiced rats compared with controls, in contrast to the biliary
      secretion of the unsulfated parent compounds. Hepatic uptake of sulfated
      glycolithocholic acid was not affected in the jaundiced animals.
      Preadministration of DBSP (15 mumol/100 g body wt) to normal Wistar rats
      significantly impaired the biliary secretion of sulfated glycolithocholic acid,
      but did not affect taurocholic acid secretion. We conclude that separate
      transport systems in the rat liver exist for biliary secretion of sulfated and
      unsulfated bile acids; the sulfates probably share secretory pathways with the
      organic anions bilirubin and DBSP. The described genetic defect in hepatic
      transport function is associated with a reduced capacity to secrete sulfated bile
      acids into bile; this becomes more pronounced with a decreasing number of
      hydroxyl groups on the sulfated bile acid's molecule.

PMID- 3366913
TI  - Sibling psychological status and style as related to the disease of their
      chronically ill brothers and sisters: implications for models of biopsychosocial
      interaction.
AB  - This study explores the relationship between disease type and disease activity,
      and the psychological status of siblings of chronically ill children. Closest-age
      siblings of children with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 41) and ulcerative colitis
      (UC) (n = 24) were assessed for psychological disorder and psychological style,
      using reliable and standardized measures. The disease activity of the patients
      was also evaluated. Assessment occurred during outpatient visits to a pediatric
      gastroenterology division. Results indicated that CD siblings had more
      psychological disorder than UC siblings. This was not due to greater acute
      disease activity in the CD patients. However, as a group, siblings of the sickest
      CD patients displayed more "internalizing" behaviors, whereas siblings of the
      healthiest CD patients displayed more "externalizing" behaviors. UC siblings, who
      were psychologically healthier, displayed "externalizing" behaviors regardless of
      the patient's disease activity. These results are in accord with our previous
      findings on family functioning, which, together, yield a heuristic model
      representing the different patterns of biopsychosocial interaction for CD in
      contrast to UC.

PMID- 3366915
TI  - Sadness and suicidal tendencies in preschool children.
AB  - This paper highlights factors associated with suicidal behavior in children who
      are approximately 3-6 years old. Similar suicidal risk factors found in older
      children, such as depression, preoccupations with death, and family instability
      involving child abuse and other forms of parental psychopathology, are associated
      with suicidal impulses of preschool children. Assessment of these risk factors
      should be included in pediatric and mental health evaluations of such young
      children. Clinical vignettes are offered in this text.

PMID- 3366914
TI  - Conditioned aversions in pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
AB  - Pediatric cancer patients experiencing nausea/vomiting in anticipation of
      chemotherapy were studied in comparison to a matched group of patients with no
      history of anticipatory nausea/vomiting (ANV). Patients with ANV were
      characteristically more anxious and tended to screen sensory information less
      selectively than patients without ANV. Parents of patients with ANV relied more
      heavily on threat of punishment and less on modeling and reassurance when
      managing their children in fearful situations than did parents of patients with
      no ANV. ANV was related to an increased incidence of experimentally conditioned
      taste aversions. The contribution of patient variables to the prediction of ANV
      and implications for research are discussed.

PMID- 3366916
TI  - Hypnotherapy of a child with warts.
AB  - Hypnosis was used to treat a 7-year-old female with 82 common warts. The lesions
      had been present for 12-18 months and were refractory to routine dermatologic
      treatment. Hypnotic suggestions were given for the facial warts to disappear
      before warts from the rest of the body. After 2 weeks, eight of 16 facial warts
      were gone, with no other changes. After three additional biweekly sessions, all
      82 warts were gone. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of
      systematic wart removal in children. Discussion focuses on the relationship
      between psychological mechanisms and the immune system.

PMID- 3366917
TI  - A fellowship curriculum in behavioral-developmental pediatrics.

PMID- 3366918
TI  - Survey of prothrombin time in National External Quality Assessment Scheme
      exercises (1980-87).
AB  - National External Quality Assessment Scheme surveys on the prothrombin time test
      carried out in hospitals in the United Kingdom have been performed at regular
      intervals since 1972. Performance has been assessed by comparing observed
      variability between hospitals with that predicted by a statistical model. The
      model was based on results from 53 survey plasmas issued between 1980 and 1987.
      These showed a linear correlation between logarithms of mean and standard
      deviation of reported ratios. Precision improved until the human brain
      thromboplastin, Manchester Comparative Reagent, was withdrawn in January 1986.
      There then followed a pronounced overall deterioration which, by October 1987,
      had not corrected to the levels achieved by 1985. When the recent results from
      1986-87 were analysed according to Quick test reagent only one reagent (ISI 1.1)
      showed an improvement in precision. Performance of the other Quick test reagents,
      all with higher ISI values, had not regained the standards of precision
      previously achieved by the human brain reagent.

PMID- 3366920
TI  - Use of morphometry in cytological preparations for diagnosing follicular non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Morphometric techniques were applied to cytocentrifuge smears from 27 patients
      with histologically confirmed follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to determine the
      usefulness of this method in diagnosis. Analysis of quantitative data confirmed
      that most subtypes were classified correctly on the basis of the proportion of
      large cells, small cleaved, and large non-cleaved cells, and nuclear, nucleolar,
      and cytoplasmic features. Morphometry is a more objective and reproducible
      technique than manual cell counting methods, and the use of cytocentrifuge smears
      has several advantages compared with conventional histological sectioning. Data
      derived with the aid of morphometry may be of value in follow up
      clinicopathological studies.

PMID- 3366919
TI  - Hodgkin's disease: a flow cytometric study.
AB  - Flow cytometry was performed on paraffin embedded tissue from 115 cases of
      Hodgkin's disease. Thirteen (11%) tumours were aneuploid with no significant
      difference between the histological subgroups. The median proliferative index was
      14%, and the highest values were found in the NS2 (16.4%) and lymphocyte depleted
      (16.0%) subgroups. The difference in proliferative index approached significance
      when the NS2 subgroup was compared with the NS1 subgroup (p less than or equal to
      0.11) and when the lymphocyte depleted and NS2 subgroups combined were compared
      with the mixed cellularity, lymphocyte predominance, and NS1 subgroups combined
      (p less than or equal to 0.07). There was a trend towards better survival for
      patients with aneuploid tumours and those cases with a proliferative index below
      15%, but neither of these trends was significant.

PMID- 3366921
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae: quality
      assessment results.
AB  - Six strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were distributed to 405 United Kingdom
      laboratories who were asked to test the susceptibility of the strains to
      penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin and to provide details
      of methodology to test the standards of susceptibility testing. High error rates
      were seen only in failure to detect moderate resistance to penicillin (12%) and
      resistance to chloramphenicol (16%). Increased error rates were associated with
      several methods or practices. These included the use of certain culture media;
      failure to standardise the inoculum; inoculation by loop rather than by swab;
      failure to use control organisms; failure to measure zone sizes; the use of discs
      containing a high content of penicillin to test susceptibility to penicillin, and
      the use of high content discs for testing erythromycin, tetracycline, and
      chloramphenicol.

PMID- 3366922
TI  - Basis of sialic acid heterogeneity in ulcerative colitis.
AB  - To test the suggestion that an inherited defect in colonic mucus rendering it
      susceptible to degradation by bacterial enzymes may be an important factor in the
      aetiology of ulcerative colitis, 650 colonoscopic and rectal biopsy specimens
      from 166 patients with colitis were stained by mild periodic acid Schiff (mPAS),
      which shows sialic acid that is deficient in O-acetyl substituents. There was an
      excess of mPAS positive sialic acid in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis,
      but the increased expression was patchy and coincided with a morphological change
      in the form of epithelial hyperplasia (metaplasia). Hyperplasia was more common
      in the rectum and in women and was associated with, and presumably secondary to,
      active inflammation. It is concluded that variation in the structure of sialic
      acid is acquired and is therefore unlikely to be implicated in the aetiology of
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3366923
TI  - Definition of gastroduodenal junction in healthy subjects.
AB  - To study the appearance and distribution of the normal mucosa at the
      gastroduodenal junction in man, 14 specimens of normal mucosa, eight obtained
      during pylorplasty, and "relatively" normal specimens from the distal stomach and
      whole duodenum were examined microscopically. Three histologically distinct types
      of normal duodenal mucosa were found at this junction. These were termed antral
      type duodenal mucosa, transitional type duodenal mucosa (which is also referred
      to as gastric surface epithelial metaplasia), and jejunal type duodenal mucosa.
      Antral type duodenal mucosa appeared as a series of finger-like processes 1-3 mm
      long, circumferentially located around the junction of the antrum and duodenum;
      transitional type duodenal mucosa extended 2-3 mm beyond this; and the rest of
      the mucosa was jejunal type duodenal mucosa. The mucosa of the pyloric antrum can
      therefore lie adjacent to antral type duodenal mucosa, or adjacent to either of
      the components of transitional type duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 3366924
TI  - Laboratory assessment of three reflectance meters designed for self monitoring of
      blood glucose concentrations.
AB  - Three monitors designed for self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations by
      diabetic patients were evaluated in a laboratory. All three assessments
      correlated positively with a laboratory reference method based on glucose
      oxidase. Coefficients of variation at all levels tested were less than 10% for
      each monitor. Stability of the colour development of each stick was assessed and
      the effects of changes in blood spot volume and incubation time were examined.
      Twelve ward nurses were each asked to measure two blood samples and the results
      obtained showed wide variability. Overall, our findings suggest that each of the
      three monitors tested is suitable for use in monitoring capillary blood glucose
      concentrations by those who are properly trained.

PMID- 3366925
TI  - Clinicopathological study of myoepithelial sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis
      (sialolithiasis).
AB  - To determine any overlap in pathological features between myoepithelial
      sialadenitis and chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis histological sections from
      69 cases of myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) (n = 7) and chronic
      sialadenitis/sialolithiasis (n = 62) were reviewed over a 10 year period. Three
      of the cases with MESA contained calculi and four of those originally diagnosed
      as chronic sialadenitis/sialolithiasis showed epimyoepithelial island formation.
      The presence of calculi should not rule out a diagnosis of MESA, particularly in
      the parotid gland where calculi are uncommon; as the incidence of MESA may very
      well be underestimated and diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis, these patients, who
      are at increased risk of developing lymphoma, could be lost to follow up.

PMID- 3366926
TI  - Skeletal muscle expression of class II histocompatibility antigens (HLA-DR) in
      polymyositis and other muscle disorders with an inflammatory infiltrate.
AB  - Muscle biopsy specimens with a pronounced inflammatory component were evaluated
      for myocyte expression of class II histocompatibility antigens (HLA-DR) by
      immunohistochemical techniques. All 15 cases of polymyositis were positive; six
      cases of muscular dystrophy (two Duchenne, four facio-scapulo-humeral), and one
      case of acute denervation (motor neurone disease) were negative, despite having a
      comparably intense mononuclear infiltrate. Twelve entirely normal biopsy
      specimens were also negative for HLA-DR expression. Expression of this membrane
      glycoprotein may have a clinically important aetiological role in polymyositis,
      and demonstration of its presence may prove useful as a marker for this disorder
      in selected problematic biopsy specimens.

PMID- 3366927
TI  - Glycated haemoglobin and glycated protein and glucose concentrations in necropsy
      blood samples.
AB  - Glycated haemoglobin and glycated protein (fructosamine) and blood glucose
      concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from 75 patients at
      necropsy. Estimation of blood glucose was a poor indicator of glycaemia before
      death. Measurement of glycated haemoglobin by affinity chromatography
      distinguished non-diabetic patients from diabetic patients. The distinction was
      not as clear cut when HbA1 was estimated using electroendosmosis. Seven patients,
      who at necropsy had no known history of diabetes, had glycated haemoglobin
      concentrations in the diabetic range. Two of these patients were found to be
      diabetic, and diabetes had been suspected at some time in another three patients.
      It is concluded that measurement of glycated haemoglobin or HbA1, in necropsy
      specimens is a valuable tool for assessing glycaemic control in known diabetic
      patients, and may be useful in diagnosing previously unsuspected diabetes.

PMID- 3366928
TI  - Vasitis nodosa and associated clinical findings.
AB  - To establish the prevalence of vasitis nodosa in patients who had undergone
      vasectomy segments of vas deferens resected from 40 patients at the time of
      vasectomy reversal were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The
      findings were correlated with clinical history and postoperative outcome.
      Controls comprised segments of normal vas deferens excised at vasectomy. Twenty
      of the 40 vasovasostomy specimens showed vasitis nodosa; in 13 this was
      associated with sperm granulomas and in two with spermatocoeles. The vasitis
      nodosa was characterised by multiple small ductules extending from the central
      lumen of the vas into the muscle layers and adventitia. In 14 cases there was
      mucinous metaplasia of the epithelium lining the ductules. The number of nerve
      fibres in the submucosa and muscle layers was reduced after vasectomy. In
      patients with vasitis, however, hyperplasia of nerve fibres in the adventitia (16
      of 20 cases) and formation of neuromas were seen. Nerve fibre hyperplasia was
      seen in only one, and sperm granulomas and spermatocoeles in none of the 20
      specimens without vasitis nodosa. The development of vasitis nodosa was
      independent of the patients' age or the interval between vasectomy and reversal.
      The restoration of fertility did not seem to be affected by previous vasitis
      nodosa.

PMID- 3366929
TI  - Familial autonomic visceral myopathy with degeneration of muscularis mucosae.
AB  - An extended family with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction which affected 11
      of 54 members was studied. Patients presented with recurrent intestinal
      obstruction in childhood or adolescence: eight of the 11 died before the age of
      30. Pedigree analysis showed four consanguineous marriages. The patients were all
      in the fifth generation and had established an autosomal recessive mode of
      inheritance. Histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic studies
      were performed on a colectomy specimen from a surviving affected family member.
      Familial visceral myopathy was diagnosed--characterised by degeneration and
      collagenous replacement of both layers of the muscularis propria and the
      muscularis mucosae.

PMID- 3366931
TI  - Is neutrophil elastase associated with elastic tissue in emphysema?
AB  - To test the role of elastase in the pathogenesis of emphysema human neutrophil
      elastase (HNE) was localised by electron microscopy using an immunogold staining
      technique. Specific localisation of HNE to elastic tissue in emphysema did not
      occur, but non-specific binding of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to elastic tissue in
      emphysematous and normal lung tissue, which was completely blocked by the non
      immune serum that was homologous to the gold labelled second antibody, was found.
      HNE was also present, however, in the granules of neutrophils in the same
      sections. Non-specific labelling associated with elastin was probably due to
      binding of IgG to the high numbers of hydrophobic and charged regions known to be
      present in this molecule, and it is concluded that our findings do not support
      the existence of high concentrations of elastase in association with elastin in
      emphysematous lung tissue.

PMID- 3366930
TI  - Simultaneous acute inflammation in entopic and ectopic pancreas.
AB  - The necropsy findings in an elderly woman, who had been treated with methyldopa
      and who had died during treatment for accidental hypothermia, showed acute
      periductal inflammation of obviously similar duration in an entopic pancreas in
      the wall of the jejunum and in the ectopic pancreas. This supports the hypothesis
      that attempted drug detoxification by pancreatic tissue can cause pancreatitis.

PMID- 3366932
TI  - Immunohistological demonstration of progesterone receptor in breast carcinomas:
      correlation with radioligand binding assays and oestrogen receptor
      immunohistology.
AB  - The validity of determining the progesterone receptor status of breast carcinomas
      with a monoclonal antibody was investigated by comparison with data from a
      radioligand binding assay on adjacent cryostat sections of 103 tumours.
      Significant nuclear staining for progesterone receptor was observed in 37 (36%)
      of the tumours studied and this showed a close correlation with the results of
      radioligand binding assays for progesterone receptor. In three progesterone
      receptor positive tumours there was an apparent paradoxical absence of oestrogen
      receptor; progesterone receptor normally depends on the presence of oestrogen
      receptor, but these rare tumours may be essentially progesterone receptor
      positive. It is concluded that this monoclonal antibody is an appropriate reagent
      for use in the immunohistological determination of progesterone receptor status
      of breast carcinomas; that it advantageously identifies both the occupied and
      unoccupied receptor sites; and that it provides information about tumour cell
      heterogeneity with respect to receptor status.

PMID- 3366933
TI  - Serum selenium concentration associated with risk of cancer.
AB  - The association between serum selenium concentration and risk of cancer was
      studied in a nested case control study. Case control pairs came from a population
      of 9364 people examined in 1979. During the six year follow up, 60 men and women
      aged between 20-54 at the time of blood sampling, who had been free of malignant
      disease, developed cancer. The mean serum selenium concentration of 1.56 mumol/l
      (123.2 micrograms/l) in patients was not significantly different from that in
      controls (1.63 mumol/l (128.7 micrograms/l]. The difference in mean selenium
      concentration was largest and most significant for haematological malignancies
      alone. The difference in selenium concentrations in cases of fatal cancer
      compared with controls was significant (p less than 0.01). The risk of developing
      adenocarcinomas does not seem to be influenced by serum selenium concentration.

PMID- 3366935
TI  - Simple method of estimating severity of pulmonary fibrosis on a numerical scale.
AB  - A continuous numerical scale for determining the degree of fibrosis in lung
      specimens was devised for correlation with other pulmonary variables such as lung
      function tests or mineral burden. Grading was scored on a scale from 0 to 8,
      using the average of microscope field scores. The system allows fibrosis to be
      measured in small samples of tissue (1 cm) which can provide a detailed
      description of the changes in a lung, currently not possible with most existing
      methods.

PMID- 3366934
TI  - Evaluation of ELISA, RPLA, and Vero cell assays for detecting Clostridium
      perfringens enterotoxin in faecal specimens.
AB  - Three hundred and ninety two faecal specimens from 70 separate outbreaks of
      suspected Clostridium perfringens food poisoning were examined by enzyme linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA), and
      Vero cell assays for the presence of enterotoxin. Although the most time
      consuming method, ELISA was the most specific and reproducible. RPLA was slightly
      more sensitive than ELISA, but it showed some non-specific reactions. The Vero
      cell assay was the least sensitive and least reproducible method, being affected
      by some non-specific cytotoxic and cytotonic reactions. Normal rabbit serum
      should be included in the Vero cell assay as a control for the neutralisation of
      cytotoxic effects.

PMID- 3366936
TI  - Immunoturbidimetric assays for serum apolipoproteins A1 and B using Cobas Bio
      centrifugal analyser.
AB  - Immunoturbidimetric assays for measuring the apolipoproteins A1 and B using the
      Cobas Bio centrifugal analyser are described. The methods were specific, offered
      good sensitivity (less than 0.05 g/l) and intrabatch variability, with
      coefficients of variation between 2.4% and 3.5%, and were cost effective.
      Reference ranges were calculated for a group of civil servants, aged 35 to 55
      years.

PMID- 3366937
TI  - Unchanged concentrations of plasma fibronectin in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3366938
TI  - Prognostic importance of nucleolar organiser regions in embryonal
      rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 3366939
TI  - Use of photocopier for recording pathological specimens.

PMID- 3366941
TI  - American Academy of Dermatology staff: its growth and professionalism.

PMID- 3366942
TI  - The Academy today and tomorrow.

PMID- 3366940
TI  - Protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption test.

PMID- 3366943
TI  - The future of the Academy.

PMID- 3366944
TI  - Four-dimensional chemical shift MR imaging of phosphorus metabolites of normal
      and diseased human liver.
AB  - Four dimensional chemical shift imaging was used to map the relative peak heights
      of phosphorus metabolites of the liver and overlying skeletal muscle of a normal
      subject and two patients. The technique provides 31P spectra localised on a voxel
      by-voxel basis and may be valuable in mapping heterogeneous structural and
      metabolic changes in disease.

PMID- 3366946
TI  - Computed tomography of combined right upper and middle lobe collapse.
AB  - We report two patients with combined right upper and middle lobe collapse and
      present the CT findings. The CT appearance is different from isolated right upper
      or middle lobe collapse, but similar to left upper lobe collapse. As with other
      types of lobar collapse, the diagnosis can usually be made from frontal and
      lateral chest radiography. However, occasionally the exact type of lung collapse
      may be unclear prior to CT, and thus CT may be useful in making the correct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3366945
TI  - MR angiography with gradient motion refocusing.
AB  - In typical spin echo (SE) sequences vascular structures can range from low to
      high in signal intensity, depending on both velocity distribution and imaging
      parameters. Control of this contrast spectrum is needed to permit consistent
      blood vessel evaluation. In this paper, methods for high resolution vascular
      magnetic resonance imaging which are based on additional gradient pulses to
      enhance flow and minimize flow artifacts are examined. The gradient motion
      refocusing technique is applied to both SE and gradient echo sequences. Vascular
      structures are clearly delineated over long distances by using thick slices or
      three-dimensional acquisition techniques. Preliminary experience in volunteers
      and patients indicates that these methods improve visualization of blood vessels,
      correctly identifying vascular disease.

PMID- 3366947
TI  - CT features of tracheobronchomegaly.
AB  - This paper describes the appearance of tracheobronchomegaly (also termed Mounier
      Kuhn syndrome) as demonstrated on CT in three patients. Features include
      dilatation of the trachea and mainstem bronchi, tracheal diverticulosis,
      bronchiectasis, and chronic pulmonary parenchymal disease.

PMID- 3366948
TI  - Computed tomography of pectoral flaps.
AB  - We report two cases of rotated pectoral flaps performed following sternal
      debridement. The key to the diagnosis is recognition that the characteristic
      central area of low density represents fat and not fluid. This, along with the
      finding of sharply defined fascial planes and an absence of one or both
      pectoralis major muscles, should allow confident differentiation between this
      entity and a postoperative chest wall abscess.

PMID- 3366949
TI  - CT appearance of focal pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - Previous reports of the CT findings of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) have
      demonstrated the diffuse form of the disease. Although the focal nature of PMC is
      well recognized in the gastrointestinal literature, this manifestation has not
      been stressed in CT reports. We present three cases of focal colonic thickening
      detected on CT that proved to be PMC.

PMID- 3366950
TI  - Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage: clinical and CT findings.
AB  - The clinical records and radiologic findings in six patients with spontaneous
      (nontraumatic) intrahepatic and subcapsular hemorrhage were reviewed. Four
      patients had underlying liver lesions (hepatocellular carcinoma and metastasis
      from B-cell lymphoma in one patient each and hepatic adenoma in two other
      patients). One patient had intrahepatic hemorrhage associated with hepatic
      necrosis secondary to organophosphate toxicity. The specific etiology of
      hemorrhage in the remaining patient proved elusive despite an exhaustive search.
      Hepatic hemorrhage was diagnosed and followed by CT (six cases), sonography (two
      cases), and celiac arteriography (three cases). Computed tomography was useful in
      defining the extent of the hematoma and showing density changes related to the
      age of the hematoma.

PMID- 3366951
TI  - Calcification in caval membrane causing primary Budd-Chiari syndrome: CT
      demonstration.
AB  - We report two cases of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOIVC)
      in which we observed patchy calcification in the membrane. The location of the
      calcification in the membrane was confirmed histologically. This finding was
      found histologically in four of eight cases of MOIVC, and it is a useful finding
      in the CT diagnosis of MOIVC.

PMID- 3366952
TI  - MR imaging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
AB  - We retrospectively analyzed the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 20
      consecutive patients with primary untreated carcinoma of the cervix who underwent
      surgery and one patient who underwent percutaneous needle biopsy of enlarged
      pelvic lymph nodes. Most of the patients were clinical Stage IB. The clinical
      assessment of the parametria in these patients was more accurate than the MR
      assessment of the parametria (95 versus 79%). Magnetic resonance was valuable for
      detecting metastatic pelvic lymphadenopathy. Enlarged pelvic lymph nodes (greater
      than 1.5 cm in diameter) were demonstrated by MR in all three patients with
      histologic verification of metastatic lymphadenopathy. In summary, the major
      therapeutic value of MR in patients with untreated cervical carcinoma is in
      assessing the pelvic lymph nodes. In patients with clinical Stage IB disease, MR
      assessment of the parametria does not add useful additional information.

PMID- 3366953
TI  - CT and MR imaging of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava.
AB  - The CT findings in three patients with primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior
      vena cava are reported. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one case. The
      differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 3366954
TI  - Cryptococcosis associated with sarcoidosis: CT and MR findings.
AB  - Two cases of cryptococcal abscesses were identified in patients with sarcoidosis.
      The diagnostic imaging tests were not specific for cryptococcus prior to needle
      aspiration of the abscesses, but they did enable successful biopsy for diagnosis
      and treatment.

PMID- 3366955
TI  - Early diagnosis of spinal metastases by CT and MR studies.
AB  - Fifteen patients with known metastatic or high-risk primary cancer, normal
      neurologic examinations, and new abnormalities on 99mTc bone scan were evaluated
      with spinal CT and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Four patients underwent CT
      metrizamide myelography. Spinal CT and MR agreed in 14 of 15 patients
      demonstrating spinal metastases in 12 patients and benign disease in two. In one
      patient spinal CT was normal, but MR showed altered marrow signal consistent with
      metastatic disease. Epidural tumor was demonstrated by CT metrizamide myelography
      in four cases, all correctly identified by MR. Further evaluation of spinal MR in
      this setting is warranted.

PMID- 3366956
TI  - MR imaging of the oropharynx and tongue: comparison of plain and Gd-DTPA studies.
AB  - The effect of intravenously administered gadolinium-diethylene-triamine
      pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) on signal intensity in comparison to plain noncontrast
      imaging was analyzed. Sixty-one patients with diseases of the oropharynx and
      tongue base were examined using multiplanar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The
      contrast medium Gd-DTPA was administered in 26 cases. Thirty-eight patients also
      underwent CT. Forty-one patients had surgery and pathological verification. Plain
      MR imaging was equal or superior to CT in all except one patient. Marked contrast
      enhancement produced by Gd-DTPA was observed in carcinomas, sarcomas, inflamed
      salivary glands, and in normal pharyngeal mucosa. The usefulness of Gd-DTPA may
      be increased by measuring the enhancement in signal intensity versus time to
      allow a better differentiation of histological features.

PMID- 3366957
TI  - Staging of carcinoma of the palatine tonsils by computed tomography.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 24 patients with biopsy-verified tonsillar
      malignancies, the tumoral staging by CT and by clinical examination were
      compared, applying the criteria of the 1983 edition of the International Union
      Against Cancer; the T classifications corresponded well. The N classifications,
      however, differed, as CT showed more advanced lymph node disease than indicated
      by clinical examination. Involvement of the jugulodigastric node was diagnosed
      equally well by CT and by palpation. Computed tomography revealed more suspect
      nodes than palpation in the rest of the anterior chain and in the posterior
      triangle.

PMID- 3366958
TI  - MR imaging of primary epidermoid tumors.
AB  - The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of five primary intradural
      epidermoid tumors are described. At 0.35 T, the most consistent finding on spin
      echo imaging was a tumor signal intensity that differed from brain and CSF. On T1
      weighted images [repetition time (TR) 0.5 s, echo time (TE) 30-40 ms] all tumors
      exhibited a signal intensity intermediate between brain and CSF. On moderately T2
      weighted images (TR 2.0 ms, TE 60-80 ms) the tumor signal intensity was greater
      than brain and CSF in all cases. The tumor signal consistency was mixed in four
      of five lesions and homogeneous in one. The tumor margins were well defined in
      all cases; in three cases the tumor margins were irregular, in one case smooth,
      and in the last case, one margin was irregular and the remaining margins were
      smooth. These findings are contrasted with the MR appearance of arachnoid cysts.
      Using identical imaging factors, four arachnoid cysts were studied and exhibited
      a homogeneous signal intensity that was identical to CSF on all pulse sequences;
      their margins were smooth and well defined in each case. These MR findings
      contribute to the characterization of extraaxial lesions.

PMID- 3366959
TI  - MR imaging of pituitary tumors before and after surgical and/or medical
      treatment.
AB  - Four hundred fifteen cases of suspected pituitary tumors were examined by CT and
      magnetic resonance (MR). Forty-one microadenomas and 26 large sellar-suprasellar
      pituitary tumors were diagnosed and surgically removed (61 cases) or treated with
      bromocriptine (six cases). The present study demonstrated that (a) in cases of
      microadenomas, MR was more accurate than CT in three cases, as accurate as CT in
      33 cases, but missed six cases diagnosed on CT, when MR images were suboptimal
      (thicker than 5 mm); (b) when the sellar-suprasellar mass was markedly
      constricted at the diaphragma sellae on MR sagittal slices (16 cases),
      transsphenoidal surgical approach was not only insufficient for total removal but
      could be dangerous, as the remaining suprasellar portion may rapidly increase in
      size following surgery from postoperative hemorrhage and/or acute edema with
      severe obstructive hydrocephalus (three cases) and/or acute blindness (two
      cases); (c) hemorrhage in pituitary tumors was easily seen on MR and missed on
      CT; (d) coronal MR slices visualized the carotid siphon obviating the need for
      angiography to rule out intrasellar aneurysm, which can mimic pituitary tumor on
      contrast CT; (e) postoperative MR was needed before considering radiotherapy to
      visualize accurately the relation of the optic chiasm to the residual tumor and
      to follow up its gradual change in size; (f) finally, in cases treated with
      bromocriptine, MR was more accurate than CT in following the gradual decrease of
      pituitary tumor.

PMID- 3366960
TI  - MR imaging of pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis.
AB  - Two cases of pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis following electrolyte
      derangements are presented. One case showed only extrapontine myelinolytic
      lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, although both pontine and
      extrapontine myelinolysis were confirmed at postmortem. Another case made full
      recovery clinically with resolution of extrapontine lesions on MR imaging.

PMID- 3366961
TI  - Three-dimensional imaging on a CT or MR scanner.
AB  - Three-dimensional (3D) imaging on a CT or magnetic resonance scanner by the use
      of software that runs on the scanner's computer is one of a number of approaches
      to 3D imaging that have become available in recent years. It is shown that this
      particular approach can be made very inexpensive, provided that it is used in an
      appropriate manner in the clinical environment. The proposed methodology for the
      clinical use of 3D imaging on the scanner is illustrated by a discussion of the
      use of 3D98 (software designed for the GE CT/T 9800 scanner) for the 3D imaging
      of craniofacial surgical cases.

PMID- 3366962
TI  - Three-dimensional CT and MR imaging in congenital dislocation of the hip:
      clinical and technical considerations.
AB  - Three-dimensional (3D) CT and 3D magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed
      in four patients with congenital dysplasia of the hip. Two patients were studied
      by 3D CT and two by 3D MR. Prior to volume segmentation, two-dimensional (2D) MR
      image preprocessing was used to correct for nonuniform signal intensity
      distribution from local variations in field strength and coil response. An
      unsharp mask of the original MR scan was computed by extreme blurring of the
      image to suppress the details of the object. The unsharp mask was divided into
      the image on a pixel-by-pixel basis. For improved object contrast first and
      second echo images were combined in a 1:2 ratio. To add an additional feature for
      volume segmentation, 2D MR image homogeneity was computed based on 3 X 3 pixel
      neighborhoods. Volume segmentation was performed using one feature for CT, i.e.,
      attenuation range, and two features for MR, i.e., signal intensity and image
      homogeneity range. Three dimensional CT and 3D MR demonstrated the 3D
      relationships of femoral heads and acetabula. Three-dimensional CT was limited to
      patients who had ossified femoral heads, whereas 3D MR demonstrated the
      cartilaginous femoral head. The extent of acetabular coverage on which the mode
      of therapy is based was shown. Three-dimensional MR permitted imaging without
      gonadal irradiation. The 2D MR image preprocessing described here should provide
      even better results in objects with greater contrast, i.e., nonosseus structures,
      and those of larger size with relation to image degradation from partial volume
      effect.

PMID- 3366964
TI  - Reduced MR acquisition time with the CROCUS technique.
AB  - A technique to reduce magnetic resonance (MR) image acquisition time by
      approximately 50% is introduced. The conjugate reconstruction by off-center under
      sampling (CROCUS) method samples only every other phase-encoded line in raw data
      space and uses the conjugate symmetry of the data to reconstruct a real image. If
      acquisition and image reconstruction were done in the simplest manner, this under
      sampling would produce unacceptable image aliasing. However, if the phase-encoded
      lines are offset from the origin, the assumption of conjugate symmetry allows the
      image to be calculated without aliasing. Unfortunately, information from all
      practical MR systems contain phase-shift errors that produce deviations from
      conjugate symmetry. The CROCUS method incorporates a correction technique,
      similar to that used in other half-Fourier methods, which uses low-resolution
      phase-shift information obtained from a few extra lines of phase-encoded data.
      This paper provides a theoretical derivation of the reconstruction algorithm and
      correction technique and illustrates the results. Excellent image quality is
      obtained with no loss of spatial resolution. Image signal-to-noise ratio is
      reduced by a factor of approximately 1.4 because of the reduced acquisition time.
      When the imaging circumstances are such that a high signal level is available,
      CROCUS imaging can be an effective means of reducing imaging time.

PMID- 3366963
TI  - Three-dimensional imaging and display of musculoskeletal anatomy.
AB  - Conventional three-dimensional imaging uses thresholding, or surface rendering
      technique, which limits accuracy and detail, and hinders soft tissue definition.
      Volumetric image rendering preserves all CT data, not just surface boundaries,
      and therefore overcomes these limitations. Three-dimensional images thus
      generated can be used for muscular and vascular anatomy as well as skeletal
      structures, with preservation of subtle detail. Representative cases are used to
      illustrate this technique and its implications for therapy and plastic and
      reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 3366965
TI  - Reliability of attenuation measurements in CT of the lumbar spine: evaluation
      with an anthropomorphic phantom.
AB  - A phantom was constructed with the intention of simulating the clinical situation
      at examination of the spine. Artifacts from bony vertebral structures were
      analyzed and the uniformity in a body-shaped object was studied. Tests were
      carried out on eight CT scanners. A considerable variation in uniformity was
      found between the tested scanner models. The CT numbers within the spinal canal
      and in a region anterior to the spine were elevated for most of the scanners. The
      deviation varied considerably, however, between models.

PMID- 3366966
TI  - Sixth nerve schwannoma: MR and CT demonstration.
AB  - A sixth nerve schwannoma arising in the region of the pons and midbrain is
      reported. The magnetic resonance and CT characteristics are discussed.

PMID- 3366967
TI  - MR findings of an unusual intracranial neuroma simulating a meningioma.
AB  - We report an unusual intracranial neuroma that simulated a meningioma on CT and
      magnetic resonance imaging. A diagnosis of meningioma was suggested because the
      tumor was tentorium-based; had enlarged into both the middle and posterior
      fossae; contained calcification and was homogeneous and densely enhancing on
      contrast CT; and was isointense with brain on T1- and T2-weighted images. The
      tumor proved to be a schwannoma with characteristic electron microscopic
      findings.

PMID- 3366968
TI  - Basal ganglia involvement in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: CT and MR
      demonstration.
AB  - We describe a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with clinical
      parkinsonian features and neuroradiologic abnormalities of the basal ganglia.
      Prominent basal ganglia involvement may occur in SSPE.

PMID- 3366969
TI  - Hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebral artery: MR demonstration.
AB  - Hemifacial spasm is a symptom complex comprising involuntary, painless spasms of
      the orbicularis muscle that may progress to involve all facial muscles. It is
      frequently the result of compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone
      from the brain stem by vascular loops or aneurysms of the posterior inferior
      cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, or
      cochlear artery. Coronal and axial T1-weighted images clearly depict the course
      of the facial nerve from the brain stem to the internal auditory canal and its
      relation to the vertebrobasilar system. This case demonstrates the magnetic
      resonance appearance of a tortuous vertebral artery and its relationship to the
      facial nerve in a patient with long standing hemifacial spasm.

PMID- 3366970
TI  - MR imaging of spinal cord hemangioblastoma associated with syringomyelia.
AB  - A case of isolated spinal cord hemangioblastoma with associated extensive
      syringohydromyelia, which was evaluated by myelography, postmyelographic CT,
      magnetic resonance (MR), and angiography is presented. The specific preoperative
      and postoperative advantages of MR are given as well as a brief review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3366971
TI  - MR imaging with Gd-DTPA in leptomeningeal spread of lymphoma.
AB  - We describe the magnetic resonance (MR) plus Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic
      acid (DTPA) findings in a patient with leptomeningeal spread of lymphoma.
      Gadolinium-DTPA aided in the diagnosis by offering additional information after
      noncontrast MR. Magnetic resonance with Gd-DTPA may well prove to be an important
      adjunct in the work-up of patients suspected of leptomeningeal spread of
      neoplasm.

PMID- 3366972
TI  - Steroid-induced spinal epidural lipomatosis: CT survey.
AB  - A new case of spinal cord compression secondary to steroid-induced epidural
      lipomatosis is reported in a patient treated for dermatomyositis. Computed
      tomography was performed before the institution of steroid therapy, during spinal
      cord compression, and after effective surgical treatment. The development of
      epidural lipomatosis does not require a preexisting lipoma and may occur in a
      previously normal spine.

PMID- 3366973
TI  - Nontraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma in a scuba diver: CT and MR findings.
AB  - We report a case of nontraumatic orbital subperiosteal hematoma occurring in a
      young adult scuba diver. The clinical presentation, imaging findings (CT and
      magnetic resonance), and pathogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 3366974
TI  - Hodgkin disease of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - A rare case of extranodal Hodgkin disease of the maxillary sinus is presented.
      The CT findings are similar to those of squamous cell carcinoma; however,
      differences in nodal and bony involvement may help to distinguish the two
      conditions.

PMID- 3366975
TI  - CT correlation in peripheral right upper lobe collapse.
AB  - A case of peripheral right upper lobe collapse is presented together with CT
      correlation. The sharp medial edge to the upper right peripheral opacity on chest
      radiography in this condition represents the elevated major fissure.

PMID- 3366976
TI  - Computed tomography of bronchiolitis obliterans.
AB  - A case of bronchiolitis obliterans was studied by high resolution CT. The
      morphologic changes of the lesions are described.

PMID- 3366977
TI  - CT-guided placement of iodine-125 seeds for unresectable carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - To avoid thoracotomy, we recently placed 70 125I seeds percutaneously with the
      aid of CT guidance for treatment of an unresectable carcinoma of the lung. We
      achieved a successful distribution of seeds without complications.

PMID- 3366978
TI  - MR imaging of posterior mediastinal thymus.
AB  - The diagnosis of posterior mediastinal extension of thymus was made by magnetic
      resonance imaging, which showed (a) continuity of the normally placed thymus with
      a posterior mediastinal mass, (b) identical signal characteristics between the
      anterior and posterior components, (c) homogeneous signal intensity greater than
      muscle and less than fat on T1- and moderately T2-weighted images which is
      characteristic of thymic tissue, and (d) characteristic posterior extension of
      the thymus between the superior vena cava and trachea.

PMID- 3366979
TI  - MR imaging of recurrent colorectal carcinoma versus fibrosis.
AB  - Locally recurrent cancer can be difficult to distinguish from postoperative and
      radiation fibrosis on most imaging modalities. We report a case in which magnetic
      resonance imaging suggested the presence of both fibrosis and recurrent tumor in
      a patient following abdominoperineal resection for colorectal carcinoma, and
      demonstrate its role for precise needle placement when percutaneous biopsy is
      recommended.

PMID- 3366980
TI  - Isolated caudate lobe liver injury in a child: CT demonstration.
AB  - An unusual case of isolated injury to the caudate lobe of the liver in a child is
      presented. The appearance of this injury is described, and its significance in
      relation to deep vascular structures of the porta hepatis and the portocaval
      space is discussed.

PMID- 3366981
TI  - Biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma: CT and angiographic appearance.
AB  - A case of malignant biliary cystadenoma with CT and angiographic findings is
      reported. Clinical presentation, possible origin, epidemiology, and differential
      diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma are discussed.

PMID- 3366982
TI  - Computed tomography of unilateral hematometrocolpos.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl presented with urinary retention and a pelvic mass. Computed
      tomography revealed a uterus didelphys with a unilateral right moderate
      hematometra and a large hematocolpos.

PMID- 3366983
TI  - MR imaging of intrachiasmatic hemorrhage.

PMID- 3366984
TI  - CT demonstration of extradural thoracic meningioma.

PMID- 3366985
TI  - Avulsed gallbladder: CT appearance.

PMID- 3366986
TI  - [Graphic modeling of the functional states of human hemodynamics].

PMID- 3366987
TI  - [Shift in the set-point of temperature regulation during physical loading].

PMID- 3366988
TI  - [Changes in biochemical indices of mussels as affected by the combined action of
      hypoxia, temperature and a permanent magnetic field].

PMID- 3366989
TI  - [Effect of the intravenous administration of arginine vasopressin on the body
      temperature of rabbits].

PMID- 3366990
TI  - [In vitro binding of purified glucocorticoid- and estrogen-receptor complexes in
      the rat liver with homologous chromatin of different levels of molecular
      organization].

PMID- 3366991
TI  - [Circadian rhythm of comuton activity in the rat liver].

PMID- 3366992
TI  - [Effect of an extracellular electrical field on the generation of impulse
      activity and the input resistance of identified neurons in the edible snail].

PMID- 3366993
TI  - [Effect of a highly dispersed zinc powder and of zinc sulphate on endogenous zinc
      and iron levels in animal organs and tissues].

PMID- 3366994
TI  - Prognostic cardiac catheterization variables in survivors of acute myocardial
      infarction: a five year prospective study.
AB  - The prognostic variables from predischarge coronary angiography and left
      ventriculography in survivors of acute myocardial infarction during the years
      1974 to 1978 were evaluated in 143 patients (less than or equal to 66 years of
      age) with documented myocardial infarction who were then followed up
      prospectively for 5 years. One half of the study population had triple vessel
      coronary disease (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis). However, only 7% of
      patients had severely depressed left ventricular function with an ejection
      fraction less than or equal to 29%. Evaluation of the contribution of many
      clinical and angiographic variables to a first cardiac event (death, nonfatal
      reinfarction or coronary artery bypass surgery) was considered with Kaplan-Meier
      actuarial curves and multivariate Cox's hazard function analysis. A risk segment
      was defined as an area of contracting myocardium supplied by a coronary artery
      with a greater than 50% stenosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that right
      plus left anterior descending coronary artery stenoses (p less than 0.01),
      ejection fraction (p less than 0.01) and the presence of risk segments (p less
      than 0.05) were significant predictors of outcome. Furthermore, on separate
      multivariate analyses, the angiographic variables added significantly to the
      clinical variables to predict cardiac events over 5 years of follow-up.
      Therefore, in survivors of acute myocardial infarction who undergo cardiac
      catheterization, additive prognostic information is obtained that can be used to
      stratify risk over 5 years.

PMID- 3366995
TI  - Combined aortic and mitral balloon valvuloplasty in patients with critical aortic
      and mitral valve stenosis: results in six cases.
AB  - Six patients with severe combined aortic and mitral valve stenosis underwent
      double valve balloon dilation as an alternative to surgical valve replacement.
      Cardiac catheterization in all patients before valve dilation revealed heavily
      calcified aortic and mitral valves with severe stenosis and minimal
      regurgitation. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was performed in each patient with a
      20 mm balloon dilation catheter passed retrograde through the aortic valve
      whereas mitral valvuloplasty was performed transseptally with either a single or
      double balloon technique. After dilation, the mean aortic and mitral gradients
      decreased in all patients, with the area of the aortic and the mitral valve
      increasing from 0.5 +/- 0.3 to 0.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 and from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/-
      0.7 cm2, respectively. The procedures were well tolerated, with no embolic events
      and no significant increase in valvular regurgitation, and resulted in a
      reduction in symptoms of dyspnea on exertion and weakness in all patients that
      has persisted for an average of 5.7 months of follow-up in five of the six
      patients. It is concluded that combined dilation of stenotic aortic and mitral
      valves can be accomplished percutaneously and may be considered for patients with
      combined valvular stenosis who refuse or are deferred from surgical intervention.

PMID- 3366996
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic observations during percutaneous aortic balloon
      valvuloplasty.
AB  - To evaluate the hemodynamic changes occurring with percutaneous aortic balloon
      valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis, Doppler echocardiography was performed during
      the procedure in 16 patients. During balloon inflation, peak velocity and
      ejection time of the aortic valve systolic signals increased (26 and 30%,
      respectively; p less than 0.001). Aortic regurgitation deceleration time
      decreased from 1,337 to 625 ms (p less than 0.001). In three patients, aortic
      regurgitation stopped before end-diastole; in four patients, end-diastole forward
      flow across the aortic valve was documented. The deceleration time of the mitral
      valve inflow signal decreased from 303 to 194 ms (p less than 0.001) during
      balloon inflation, concurrently with an increase in left ventricular diastolic
      pressure. Mitral regurgitation signals became more prominent during inflation in
      10 patients. Changes that occur during balloon inflation in the aortic valve
      include progressive left ventricular outflow obstruction, equalization of
      diastolic aortic and left ventricular pressures and changes in diastolic
      compliance.

PMID- 3366997
TI  - Prediction of the severity of aortic stenosis by Doppler aortic valve area
      determination: prospective Doppler-catheterization correlation in 100 patients.
AB  - Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography was performed prospectively in 100
      patients with aortic stenosis who were undergoing clinically indicated cardiac
      catheterization. The purpose of this study procedure was to determine various
      Doppler variables predictive of the severity of aortic stenosis and to compare
      Doppler- and catheterization-derived aortic valve areas. Doppler-derived mean
      gradient correlated well with corresponding gradient by catheterization (r =
      0.86). Peak Doppler aortic flow velocity greater than or equal to 4.5 m/s and
      Doppler-derived mean aortic gradient greater than or equal to 50 mm Hg were
      specific (93 and 94%, respectively) for severe aortic stenosis (defined as
      catheterization-derived aortic valve area less than or equal to 0.75 cm2) but
      were not sensitive (44 and 48%, respectively). Doppler-derived aortic valve area
      calculated by the continuity equation correlated well with catheterization
      derived aortic valve area calculated by the Gorlin equation when either the time
      velocity integral ratio (r = 0.83) or the peak flow velocity ratio (r = 0.80)
      between the left ventricular outflow tract and the aortic valve was used in the
      continuity equation. A velocity ratio of less than or equal to 0.25 alone was
      sensitive (92%) in detecting severe aortic stenosis. Therefore, use of various
      Doppler-derived values allows reliable noninvasive estimation of the severity of
      aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3366998
TI  - Transvenous catheter ablation of extranodal accessory pathways.
AB  - Twelve patients with an accessory pathway and recurrent symptomatic reciprocating
      tachycardia or atrial fibrillation, or both, underwent attempted transvenous
      catheter ablation of the accessory pathway. In one patient with a small right
      coronary artery, the pathway was along the right free wall. In 11 patients, the
      pathway was located at or within 15 mm of the coronary sinus os. For these
      patients, a quadripolar electrode catheter was placed in the coronary sinus and
      positioned, if possible, so that the proximal pair of electrodes straddled the
      pathway. For those patients with a pathway greater than 5 mm within the coronary
      sinus, the most proximal electrode was placed at the os. This proximal pair of
      electrodes was connected to the cathodal output of a defibrillator with an
      anterior chest wall patch serving as the current sink. Two shocks were then
      delivered for a cumulative energy of 500 to 600 J (stored energy). Among the
      eight patients with a pathway at or within 5 mm of the coronary sinus os,
      conduction over the pathway was abolished in five and modified in one. Among the
      four patients with a pathway farther from the os (10 to 15 mm) and along the
      right free wall, pathway conduction was modified only in two. Rupture of the
      coronary sinus did not occur in any patient. There were no serious complications.
      Minor damage surrounding the area of ablation was seen at the time of surgical
      division of the accessory pathway in two of five patients with unsuccessful
      ablation who subsequently underwent surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3366999
TI  - Efficacy of cryosurgery alone for refractory monomorphic sustained ventricular
      tachycardia due to inferior wall infarction.
AB  - The efficacy of cryosurgery alone was evaluated in 15 patients with refractory
      monomorphic sustained ventricular tachycardias related to inferior wall
      infarction. Patients were 64 +/- 9 (SD) years old and had a mean left ventricular
      ejection fraction of 39.2 +/- 11.2%. Thirty different tachycardias were mapped
      with the origin localized to the septum or inferior wall in 20 (67%), near the
      mitral valve anulus in 6 (20%) and at the base of the posterior papillary muscle
      in 4 (13%) tachycardias. Endocardial cryoablation of these sites was performed
      with 6 to 13 (mean 9.2 +/- 1.8) cryolesions per heart. No mitral valve
      replacement was performed. There was one postoperative death as a result of
      sepsis. Cryoablation abolished inducible ventricular tachycardia in 11 patients.
      Of the other three patients, the tachycardia in two was controlled with a single
      antiarrhythmic agent that had previously failed to suppress inducible ventricular
      tachycardia. Thus, clinical success was obtained in 13 (93%) of 14 patients. The
      remaining patient received an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
      Ejection fraction remained unchanged or improved after surgery in 14 patients
      (93%). There have been no late deaths, recurrence of sustained ventricular
      tachycardia or significant mitral regurgitation during a mean follow-up period of
      19 +/- 7 months. These results compare quite favorably with those previously
      reported for subendocardial resection alone, and indicate that cryosurgery is
      highly effective, does not result in deterioration of left ventricular function
      and preserves mitral valve competence when cryoablation of the posterior
      papillary muscle is necessary.

PMID- 3367000
TI  - Effect of repetition of extrastimuli on sensitivity and reproducibility of mode
      of induction of ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation.
AB  - This study examined the effect of repeating the delivery of a programmed
      extrastimulus that previously failed to induce ventricular tachycardia, without
      the usual practice of concurrently altering other stimulation variables such as
      pacing site or basic cycle length. The impact of such repetition on both
      sensitivity and day to day variability in mode of arrhythmia induction was
      assessed in 24 patients with documented sustained ventricular tachycardia or
      fibrillation. Programmed stimulation in the absence of drugs was performed in
      each patient on 3 separate days. In the first 12 patients, each extrastimulus was
      scanned through diastole to refractoriness four times if no ventricular
      tachyarrhythmia was induced (longitudinal repetition); in the second 12 patients,
      each extrastimulus was delivered four times at a particular coupling interval
      before the interval was decreased in 10 ms steps to a closer coupling interval
      (lateral repetition). Day to day reproducibility of the mode of arrhythmia
      induction was compared with reproducibility in a control group of 18 similar
      patients studied previously on 3 separate days without repetition. A sustained
      ventricular tachyarrhythmia was inducible in all studies with four or fewer
      extrastimuli. In the group studied with longitudinal repetition, there was a 25%
      increased yield of induced ventricular tachycardia due solely to repetition of
      each extrastimulus scan, and the 95% confidence limit for tachycardia induction
      with any extrastimulus was achieved by delivering that extrastimulus three times.
      In the group studied with lateral repetition, there was also an increased yield
      of induced ventricular tachycardia at any extrastimulus coupling interval
      achieved by repetitive delivery of that coupling interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367001
TI  - Effect of ventricular function on the exercise hemodynamics of variable rate
      pacing.
AB  - To determine the effect of ventricular function on the exercise hemodynamics of
      variable rate pacing, 16 selected patients underwent paired, double-blind,
      randomized exercise tests in single rate demand (VVI) or variable rate (VVIR)
      pacing modes. Ejection fraction and cardiac index were determined by two
      dimensional and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and during peak exercise.
      Baseline ejection fraction ranged from 14 to 73% and was less than 40% in 6
      patients (Group 1) and greater than or equal to 40% in 10 patients (Group 2).
      Duration of exercise was longer during the VVIR mode (502 s) than during the VVI
      mode (449 s) (p less than 0.01) and unrelated to baseline ejection fraction.
      Heart rate during exercise increased 9% in the VVI mode and 35% in the VVIR mode
      (p less than 0.005). Cardiac index increased 49% in the VVI mode and 83% in the
      VVIR mode. Analysis of variance for repeated measures showed a significant effect
      of pacing mode (p less than 0.01) and exercise (p less than 0.001), but not
      baseline ejection fraction, on cardiac index. Baseline ejection fraction did not
      correlate with the increase in cardiac index in either pacing mode or with the
      difference in increase between modes. There was no significant difference between
      Groups 1 and 2 in exercise duration, peak heart rate-blood pressure (rate
      pressure) product, baseline or peak heart rate or baseline or peak cardiac index.
      Therefore, in selected patients, VVIR pacing during exercise results in an
      increase in heart rate, duration of exercise and cardiac index that is unrelated
      to the degree of baseline left ventricular dysfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3367003
TI  - Lessons learned from the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: past,
      present and future.

PMID- 3367002
TI  - The automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: efficacy, complications and
      survival in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Ninety-four patients underwent surgery for automatic implantable cardioverter
      defibrillator implantation. Ninety patients were discharged from the hospital
      with the device and were followed up for a mean period of 17 +/- 10 months. Forty
      six patients experienced at least one discharge of the device under circumstances
      consistent with a malignant ventricular arrhythmia. One sudden death occurred.
      Complications included perioperative death (3 patients), post-operative
      ventricular tachycardia (12 patients) and atrial fibrillation (8 patients),
      perioperative myocardial infarction (1 patient) and device discharges for sinus
      tachycardia and supraventricular arrhythmias (17 patients). Six and 12 month
      survival rates by life table analysis were 98.7 and 95.4%, respectively. Thus,
      the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is a highly effective and
      relatively low risk treatment modality for patients with refractory life
      threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3367004
TI  - Collateral blood supply to the myocardium at risk in human myocardial infarction:
      a quantitative postmortem assessment.
AB  - The relation between the type and size of myocardial infarcts and collateral
      development was studied in postmortem human hearts with a new approach that
      allows quantification of vascular beds. The coronary arteries were perfused with
      radioactive microspheres and were visualized by injecting a barium-gelatin
      mixture. The collateral supply was assessed in 6 reference hearts without
      infarction, 4 hearts with a transmural infarct and 12 hearts with a total of 16
      subendocardial infarcts. The distribution pattern of microspheres in hearts in
      the reference group did not differ significantly from that in hearts with a
      transmural infarct but was significantly different (p less than 0.01) from that
      in hearts with a subendocardial infarct, which had a much greater number of
      microspheres in the collateral-dependent area. Moreover, the lateral zone of
      myocardium at risk--defined as the area containing viable myocardium but within
      the distribution zone of the occluded artery--was small in hearts with a
      transmural infarct (less than or equal to 2 mm), but showed a much wider range in
      hearts with a subendocardial infarct. This study strongly suggests that
      collateral vessels play an important role during the development of myocardial
      infarction, both in determining infarct type (transmural versus subendocardial)
      and in preserving the viability of the lateral zone of the myocardium at risk.

PMID- 3367005
TI  - Aortic stiffness: a new Doppler echocardiographic measure predictive of systolic
      blood pressure in children.
AB  - Aortic stiffness, the maximal frequency shift in the descending aorta divided by
      the Doppler acceleration time, was studied in 384 eleven year old twin children.
      The extent to which this measurement provided a prediction of systolic blood
      pressure that was independent of body size, heart rate, cardiac contractility and
      left ventricular mass was investigated. Aortic stiffness, after adjustment for
      height and weight, correlated significantly with systolic blood pressure (r =
      0.22, p less than 0.01), but not with diastolic blood pressure. The short- (r =
      0.82) and longer- (r = 0.68) term reproducibility of aortic stiffness was high.
      This measure appears to be a more powerful predictor of systolic blood pressure
      than is left ventricular mass. Aortic stiffness is a highly reproducible Doppler
      variable that may explain in part the contribution of the aortic wall elastic
      properties to the level of systolic blood pressure in preadolescent children at
      rest.

PMID- 3367006
TI  - Cardiac manifestations in disorders of fat and carnitine metabolism in infancy.
AB  - The prognosis of patients with cardiomyopathy associated with hypocarnitinemia is
      uncertain. Cardiac hemodynamics, histologic findings and response to oral L
      carnitine therapy were retrospectively evaluated in 11 children with
      cardiomyopathy associated with abnormal carnitine metabolism. Three had systemic
      carnitine deficiency, two familial hypocarnitinemia with neutropenia, three
      transient neonatal hypocarnitinemia and three a carnitine insufficiency syndrome.
      Six had a hypertrophic and five a dilated cardiomyopathy. Hypotonia was present
      in seven (64%). The cardiothoracic ratio was greater than 0.60 in eight (73%).
      The most frequent abnormality on the electrocardiogram was ST-T wave inversion in
      the left precordial leads with various degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy.
      Echocardiographically, two patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had
      decreased left ventricular function and two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
      had increased thickness of the left ventricular wall. Histologic evaluation (two
      autopsies and one endomyocardial biopsy) revealed striking lipid accumulation
      within hypertrophied myocytes. Six of eight patients on carnitine replacement
      therapy had improvement echocardiographically during a 3 month to 2 year follow
      up period. In summary, both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy can result
      from abnormal carnitine metabolism. The determination of plasma carnitine
      concentrations and fatty acid metabolism by-products should be performed in all
      patients with either form of cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology because carnitine
      supplementation may lead to improvement.

PMID- 3367007
TI  - Contraction-excitation feedback in the atria: a cause of changes in
      refractoriness.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of an increase
      in atrial pressure on atrial refractoriness by determining the relation between
      the atrial pressure and effective refractory period of the atrium. In 21 open
      chest anesthetized dogs, after the blocking of atrioventricular (AV) conduction
      by formalin injection, the left atrium and left ventricle were paced sequentially
      at a fixed cycle length of 300 ms. The AV interval was varied from 0 to 280 ms in
      20 ms steps during the recording of aortic and left atrial pressures and
      refractory period of the left atrium. Mean left atrial pressure was lowest (8.0
      +/- 0.4 mm Hg, all values mean +/- SEM) at an AV interval of 47 +/- 3 ms, when
      refractory period was 135.5 +/- 2.6 ms. Mean left atrial pressure was highest
      (13.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg) at an AV interval of 147 +/- 5 ms, when refractory period
      was 137.9 +/- 2.4 ms (p less than 0.01). Left atrial diameter measured by
      echocardiography increased from 33.7 +/- 1.8 mm at an AV interval of 47 ms to
      37.8 +/- 1.8 mm (p less than 0.01, n = 10) at an AV interval of 147 ms, and mean
      aortic pressure decreased from 109 +/- 4 to 101 +/- 4 mm Hg. After surgical
      decentralization of vagal and sympathetic innervation to eliminate baroreflex
      influence on refractoriness, left atrial refractory period prolonged from 141.6
      +/- 3.4 to 145.4 +/- 3.4 ms (p less than 0.01) when mean left atrial pressure
      increased from 9.5 +/- 0.4 to 15.2 +/- 0.6 mm Hg. A similar relation was noted
      between right atrial pressure and right atrial refractory period (n = 10) and
      between left atrial pressure and refractory period of the interatrial septum (n =
      12). In six chronically instrumented conscious dogs, left atrial refractory
      period prolonged from 116.3 +/- 2.3 to 124.2 +/- 1.7 ms (p less than 0.01) when
      mean left atrial pressure increased from 4.0 +/- 0.8 to 9.0 +/- 0.3 mm Hg.
      Therefore, an increase in atrial pressure lengthens refractory period of both
      atria and the interatrial septum in anesthetized and conscious dogs.

PMID- 3367009
TI  - Exercise echocardiography: ready, willing and able.

PMID- 3367008
TI  - Cocaine and cardiovascular function in dogs: effects on heart and peripheral
      circulation.
AB  - The effects of cocaine on the heart and peripheral circulation were examined in
      seven mongrel dogs. Hemodynamic variables, in addition to data on ventricular
      relaxation, mean circulatory filling pressure and arterial compliance, were
      measured during an intravenous infusion (0.5 mg/kg per min) of cocaine. Holter
      monitor recordings (6 h) and coronary arteriograms were also obtained. Cocaine
      increased (p less than 0.01) mean aortic pressure from 72 +/- 5 to 92 +/- 5, left
      ventricular systolic pressure from 102 +/- 3 to 121 +/- 5, left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure from 4.9 +/- 1.3 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 and mean circulatory filling
      pressure from 7.9 +/- 0.4 to 10.9 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. Cardiac index and stroke volume
      decreased (p less than 0.01) from 166 +/- 17 to 125 +/- 8 ml/min per kg and from
      44 +/- 4 to 29 +/- 3 ml, respectively. Ejection fraction decreased (p less than
      0.01) from 61 +/- 1 to 49 +/- 3%. Heart rate, first derivative of left
      ventricular pressure (dP/dt) and right atrial, mean pulmonary artery and
      pulmonary artery wedge pressures did not change. The result was a 58% increase in
      systemic vascular resistance and a 32% decrease in arterial compliance. The
      pressure gradient for venous return did not change, but resistance to venous
      return increased 42%. Cocaine prolonged (p less than 0.05) the half-time of left
      ventricular isovolumic relaxation from 13.4 +/- 0.8 to 16.4 +/- 0.8 ms and the
      time constant of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation from 19.3 +/- 1.2 to 23.6
      +/- 1.1 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367010
TI  - Evaluation of clinical competence in cardiovascular disease.
AB  - The American Board of Internal Medicine has called on directors of cardiology
      training programs to establish systems to evaluate, document and substantiate
      those components of overall clinical competence considered essential for
      certification in the subspecialty. Many of these can be assessed only by repeated
      direct observations. In particular, proficiency is now required in advanced
      cardiac life support including cardioversion, electrocardiography (including
      ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring) and exercise testing,
      echocardiography, insertion of arterial lines and right heart catheterization
      (including insertion of temporary pacemakers). The goal of this expanded
      evaluation program is to ensure that the public and the profession can identify,
      through certification, physicians with demonstrated excellence in cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 3367011
TI  - Nutritional anthropometry.

PMID- 3367012
TI  - Prediction of body weight for the nonambulatory elderly from anthropometry.
AB  - Body weight is one of the most important measurements in assessing nutritional
      status. Weight is also an important variable in equations that are needed to
      predict caloric expenditure and in indexes of body composition. Equations to
      predict the body weight of nonambulatory elderly persons with known errors should
      make use of body measurements that are indexes of the actual constituents of body
      composition and that can be collected regardless of an elderly person's level of
      mobility. The study samples consisted of a validation sample of 228 ambulatory
      white elderly persons, a cross-validation sample, and a clinical-validation
      sample of nonambulatory white elderly persons. Equations to predict body weight
      in the validation sample were derived from recumbent measures of arm and calf
      circumferences, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and knee height. The accuracy,
      sensitivity, and validity of the equations were independently tested in the cross
      validation sample; mean signed differences in actual and predicted weight ranged
      from 0.1 to 1.8 kg. In the clinical-validation sample, the mean differences were
      larger. Prediction equations are presented using two, three, and four body
      measurements to allow the selection of an equation based upon those measurements
      that are possible to collect from a nonambulatory person on an individual basis.

PMID- 3367013
TI  - Upper arm anthropometric norms in elderly white subjects.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop percentile norms for upper arm
      anthropometry for use in the nutrition assessment of the elderly. This survey
      involved the measurement of four parameters: triceps skinfold thickness, mid
      upper arm circumference, mid-upper arm muscle circumference, and mid-upper arm
      muscle area. Measurements were collected from 746 white, noninstitutionalized
      ambulatory elderly persons living in the Cincinnati area. Age- and sex-specific
      percentile distributions for the four parameters indicated age-related trends.
      All four parameters were lowered with advancing age in elderly women and men aged
      60 to 89 years. The degree of change with age varied among parameters but was
      consistently greater in elderly women than in men. Elderly women had larger
      triceps skinfold thickness but smaller mid-upper arm circumference, mid-upper arm
      muscle circumference, and mid-upper arm muscle area measurements than did elderly
      men. These anthropometric findings provide useful standards for ambulatory white
      elderly people. It is evident that upper arm anthropometry changes with age. As a
      result, an elderly person's nutritional status should not be evaluated with a
      single standard for the elderly. Surveys of the elderly should use appropriate
      age standards to ensure an accurate estimation of obesity or undernutrition in
      the elderly.

PMID- 3367014
TI  - Body composition and nutrient intakes of college men and women basketball
      players.
AB  - Computer analysis of diet records was used to compare adequacy of nutrient intake
      for 16 male and 10 female intercollegiate basketball players. Significant
      differences (p less than .05) between men and women were observed for the
      provision of nutrients from food alone; mean percent RDAs of all nutrients except
      vitamins A and D was greater for men. This was due primarily to caloric intakes
      by the men, which averaged twice those of the women. Nutrient supplements had a
      significant effect on the women's total intake. With the exceptions of energy,
      protein, and vitamin C, differences between men and women in percent RDAs were
      eliminated when the contribution of nutrient supplements was included. The data
      made apparent the need for dietitians familiar with sports nutrition to counsel
      female athletes on means of obtaining nutrients via an adequate diet.

PMID- 3367015
TI  - Vitamin E, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate status of gastric bypass surgery
      patients.
AB  - The vitamin E, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate status of 22 gastric bypass
      subjects aged 23 to 60 years was evaluated before surgery and at 6 and 12 months
      after surgery. Before surgery, 77% of subjects had adequate plasma vitamin E
      levels; 36%, adequate plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels; 100%, adequate plasma
      vitamin B-12 levels; and 45%, adequate plasma folate levels. The food intake of
      all subjects was sharply reduced after surgery. After surgery, subjects were
      classified into three vitamin supplement groups on the basis of average daily
      vitamin supplement intake. Subjects taking higher levels of supplements
      containing the vitamins in question had significantly higher plasma
      concentrations of the vitamins than those taking low or moderate levels. The mean
      plasma vitamin values in the moderate supplement group were indicative of
      adequate status for all vitamins, but plasma vitamin B-12 levels at 12 months
      post-surgery were significantly lower than pre-surgery levels. In the low
      supplement group, mean plasma vitamin levels were in or near marginal or
      deficient ranges. The majority of subjects consuming supplements of vitamin E,
      vitamin B-6, and folate near the US RDA maintained normal vitamin status.
      Subjects taking more than 100 micrograms vitamin B-12 daily had adequate vitamin
      B-12 status. Significant correlations (r = .67 to .94) were observed between
      vitamin supplement levels and the respective plasma vitamin concentrations.

PMID- 3367016
TI  - Use of the microcomputer to determine direct costs of menu items.
AB  - Recent developments brought about by the government's prospective payment system
      as well as by new restrictions on hospitalization imposed by private insurance
      companies are placing greater emphasis on cost-containment measures within
      hospital foodservice systems. The research reported in this article focuses upon
      the development of a microcomputer technique that produces direct (labor and
      ingredient) cost information on menu items. Such information can assist
      foodservice directors in identifying and controlling costs associated with their
      current menu offerings. In addition, this information can assist in planning and
      decision making for future menu planning efforts as well as in make-or-buy
      decisions.

PMID- 3367017
TI  - Adolescent nutrition: self-perceived deficiencies and needs of practitioners
      working with youth.
AB  - Sixty-three percent of a random sample of 866 members within three practice
      groups of The American Dietetic Association responded to a survey designed to
      assess (a) perceived competency of nutrition management in 20 major areas of
      adolescent health, (b) desire to increase skill level in each area, and (c)
      preferred approaches for continuing education activities. Of the 549 respondents,
      92% were registered dietitians (R.D.s), 5% were registration-eligible, and more
      than half (51%) had advanced degrees. Twenty-five percent or more of all
      practitioners reported deficiencies in 17 of the 20 categories. The five top
      areas in which respondents believed that they had insufficient skills were
      psychosomatic problems (87%), handicapping conditions (82%), sports nutrition
      (81%), alcohol/drug abuse-related nutrition concerns (80%), and anorexia
      nervosa/bulimia nervosa (72%). The strongest desires to improve skills were in
      the areas of obesity, poor dietary patterns, sports nutrition, food fads,
      supplement misuse, alternative diets, and eating disorders. There was low
      interest in strengthening skills in family planning, psychosomatic problems, and
      handicapping conditions. The implications of the results are discussed.
      Continuing education methods respondents believed to be most beneficial for
      learning were small conferences, lectures with ample discussion, and "hands-on"
      workshops.

PMID- 3367018
TI  - University wellness program: the effectiveness of students as nutrition
      counselors.
AB  - The Whole Body Health Program at San Jose State University was designed for
      employees who were interested in improving their general nutritional intake and
      fitness. This university wellness program furnishes students in nutrition and
      other health-related fields with valuable training and experience while also
      providing university employees with a work-site wellness program. As part of the
      wellness program and under faculty supervision, nutrition students conduct the
      Dietary Assessment Program by interviewing, assessing, and counseling clients. To
      determine whether the program was effective in improving participants' dietary
      habits, 16 previous participants were contacted by telephone. Fourteen agreed to
      be reinterviewed, and new dietary data were collected. Both the original (pre
      program) and current (post-program) 24-hour recalls were evaluated according to
      the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) fat
      ratio, and percent of energy from fat and from carbohydrate. Reported mean
      consumption of cholesterol decreased from pre- to post-program for all subjects
      (pre = 383 mg, post = 242 mg; p less than or equal to .05). Those originally
      consuming more than 300 mg achieved a greater decrease in reported cholesterol
      consumption (pre = 487 mg, post = 234 mg; p less than or equal to .01).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367019
TI  - Validation of a photographic method for recording the selection of foods by
      individuals.

PMID- 3367020
TI  - Ability of WIC clientele to estimate food quantities.

PMID- 3367021
TI  - A comparison of four commonly used nutrient database programs.
AB  - The present study evaluated the comparability of two microcomputer systems and
      two mainframe nutrient database systems. Sixty 24-hour recalls were analyzed on
      each system. Analysis of the nutrient values obtained from each system revealed
      several significant differences between Short Report and the other three systems.
      There were no significant differences between DINE, NCC, and UTNDB. Attempts to
      reveal the source of this error were not successful.

PMID- 3367023
TI  - Policymaking cycles in mental health: critical examination of a conceptual model.
AB  - Analysts have frequently used the concept of a cycle to describe the historical
      development of mental health policy in the United States. According to the
      "cyclical" perspective, the mental health system alternates between crests of
      high policy and program activity and troughs of stagnation and decline. Analysts
      also observe that past policy themes are periodically rediscovered, only to
      eventually lose favor and recede into the background once again. This article
      critically examines the cyclical model of mental health policymaking, placing it
      within a context of broader theoretical work on the dynamics of public policy
      formation. The purpose is to organize in a conceptually coherent way what has
      emerged as the leading theoretical approach to understanding the evolution of the
      mental health system; to identify major issues and ambiguities in the application
      of the cyclical framework to mental health policy analysis; and to derive some
      general insights about problems and possibilities in modeling policy change.

PMID- 3367022
TI  - Regulating physician supply: the evolution of British Columbia's Bill 41.
AB  - This paper traces the development of British Columbia's controversial Bill 41,
      which empowers that province's Ministry of Health to restrict the issuance of
      billing numbers entitling physicians to seek payment from the provincial medical
      services plan. The bill and its predecessors have been the subjects of two court
      challenges by the medical profession, and the legal battles continue. The bill
      has also taken on a role in the evolving interpretation of Canada's new Charter
      of Rights and Freedoms. Meanwhile, the policy appears to be slowing the rate of
      growth in physician supply in the province, but its impact on the real target-
      medical care costs--is still uncertain.

PMID- 3367024
TI  - Applying antitrust concepts to the acute care hospital industry: defining the
      relevant market for hospital services.
AB  - In considering the possible antitrust implications of a merger of two or more
      competing hospitals, the courts have generally found that hospitals provide a
      cluster of services which have significant peculiar characteristics that allow
      them to be considered a single product market. Spurred by changes in their
      environments, hospitals during the last decade have become markedly less
      homogeneous in their range of products and geographic markets. As a result, the
      impact of hospital mergers in the future may need to be assessed in multiple,
      more narrowly defined relevant markets, for which several possible definitional
      bases are suggested in this paper. The increased precision associated with such
      multidimensional antitrust analysis should permit a more effective consideration
      of the trade-offs between increases in hospitals' market power and advances in
      their relative operating efficiency and/or quality of services.

PMID- 3367025
TI  - Improving the quality and quantity of whole blood supply: limits to voluntary
      arrangements.
AB  - The inadvertent transmission of AIDS virus through contaminated whole blood has
      shaken the viability of the American voluntary blood supply system. For the first
      time since the voluntary donor system replaced the commercial blood system, there
      are widespread doubts about the ability of blood suppliers to meet the nation's
      increasing health care demands. This paper presents a framework for analyzing
      blood collection. First, we critique the existing literature on blood collection,
      arguing that its focus on donor motivation is difficult to integrate with policy
      analysis. We then present a specific model of the individual's decision to donate
      blood as a comparison of the costs and benefits of donating. The current system
      of collecting whole blood relies on donors receiving only altruistic benefits. We
      explore the limits of this approach to dealing with the quantity and quality
      problems presented by the AIDS virus. Alternative approaches to blood collection
      which allow personal benefits--such as donor designation or monetary payments-
      may be necessary to supply the nation's blood demands in the future.

PMID- 3367026
TI  - Black Americans and health. Essay review.

PMID- 3367027
TI  - Gender, race, and DSM-III: a study of the objectivity of psychiatric diagnostic
      behavior.

PMID- 3367029
TI  - Gender, aggression, and mental health intervention during early adolescence.

PMID- 3367028
TI  - Single motherhood and children's health.

PMID- 3367030
TI  - The impact of natural disaster on the health of older adults: a multiwave
      prospective study.

PMID- 3367031
TI  - Social consistency and psychological distress.

PMID- 3367032
TI  - Explaining the recent decline in marijuana use: differentiating the effects of
      perceived risks, disapproval, and general lifestyle factors.

PMID- 3367033
TI  - Tabby pattern alleles of the domestic cat.
AB  - The status of genetic variation of tabby pattern in the domestic cat is reviewed.
      Three alleles of the tabby locus (T) have been identified, namely, Abyssinian
      (Ta), striped (T), and blotched (tb). Additional data are presented for the
      assortment of these alleles. The Abyssinian is incompletely dominant to the
      striped and blotched alleles, whereas striped is completely dominant to the
      blotched.

PMID- 3367034
TI  - A new case of Robertsonian translocation in cattle.
AB  - A new Robertsonian translocation was found in several animals of the Blonde
      d'Aquitaine breed. The fused chromosome analyzed by G- and R-banding results from
      the fusion of chromosomes 21 and 27. C-banding suggests that the fused chromosome
      is dicentric.

PMID- 3367035
TI  - X-linkage of malic enzyme in Anopheles culicifacies species B.
AB  - A survey for malic enzyme (Me) in laboratory strains of species A and species B
      of Anopheles culicifacies had uncovered two electrophoretic variants, slow and
      fast, in two strains of species B. Genetic analysis revealed the two variants to
      be codominant alleles segregating at a locus, Me, which is sex linked. Because of
      the XX-XY sex determining mechanism, in F1 females, two electromorphs, viz., slow
      and fast, were observed, whereas in males only one electromorph of maternal
      origin was seen. Linkage experiments with another X-linked mutant, white eye (w),
      indicated the map distance between the two loci to be 9.52 +/- 0.86.

PMID- 3367036
TI  - Congenital osteochondrodysplasia with systemic subcutaneous edema (ocd/ocd): a
      new lethal autosomal recessive mutant of the rat.
AB  - The inheritance of a new lethal mutant rate showing congenital
      osteochondrodysplasia with systemic subcutaneous edema (ocd for the gene symbol)
      was examined by crossings between the carriers and between F1s derived from the
      carrier x Long-Evans crossing. The ratio of the affected to phenotypically normal
      was 276:89 in pups derived from the crossings between the carriers and 83:17 in
      those at the LE-F2 generation derived from the proven carriers of the LE-F1
      animals, thus showing that the ratio is 3:1. The female:male ratio was 47:42 in
      the affected and 133:143 in the phenotypically normal pups, showing the sex ratio
      is 1:1, irrespective of the affected or phenotypically normal. The ratio of
      affected:carrier:noncarrier was 26:58:27 in littermates derived from the
      crossings between the carriers, showing the ratio is 1:2:1. The results fitted
      well to the hypothesis that the inheritance is a single autosomal recessive
      trait. Independence of the gene from linkage group I was also revealed, because
      the ratio of colored to albino was 14:3 and 65:18 in affected and phenotypically
      normal pups at the LE-F2 generation, respectively, which fitted to the ratio of
      3:1.

PMID- 3367038
TI  - The cytogenetics of domestic geese.
AB  - Hybrids were produced between an African male and several Pilgrim female domestic
      geese. Partial karyotypes revealed a difference in the fourth largest pair of
      autosomal chromosomes. This chromosome pair was metacentric in the African,
      submetacentric in the Pilgrim, and heteromorphic in the hybrids. A similar
      difference between the putative wild ancestors of the African and Pilgrim breeds
      has been reported by others. These findings provide cytological evidence to
      support the traditional opinion that the African breed was derived from the
      Asiatic swan goose (Anser cygnoides) and the Pilgrim breed was derived from the
      European greylag goose (Anser anser).

PMID- 3367037
TI  - Male hypogonadism as a candidate of deficiency of postnatal testicular growth or
      differentiating factor(s): a new autosomal recessive mutation in the rat.
AB  - A new rat mutant showing severe male hypogonadism (hgn for the gene symbol) was
      found and isolated from the hereditary hydronephrosis rat strain originating from
      the Wistar-Imamichi rat. The affected rats have very tiny testes that weigh 26 mg
      in the adult, and contain small numbers of seminiferous tubules with degenerated
      Sertoli cells. It is difficult to identify the gonocyte in the seminiferous
      tubules in the mutant testis. Very small male accessory sex organs are all
      present in the mutant. The number of chromosomes is 42 (40A + XY). The structure
      of each chromosome is normal, showing that the mutant has male sex genes. Thus,
      it was considered that this status is not due to either lack of the H-Y antigen
      or Muellerian inhibiting factor or expression of the Tfm. By analyzing the
      pedigree of the matings producing the mutant, it was concluded that the status
      was expressed only in the male, but inherited with a single autosomal recessive
      trait with existence of the phenotypically normal fertile female recessive
      homozygote. A possible deficiency of certain known or unknown testicular growth
      or differentiating factor(s) in the mutant is suggested.

PMID- 3367040
TI  - The inheritance of frosted points in Nigerian Dwarf goats.

PMID- 3367039
TI  - American hairless terriers: a recessive gene causing hairlessness in dogs.

PMID- 3367041
TI  - Linkage of the satin and umbrous loci in the Syrian hamster.

PMID- 3367042
TI  - Diagrammatic representation of RBA-banded karyotype of domestic sheep (Ovis
      aries).

PMID- 3367043
TI  - A computer program that calculates various similarity coefficients between
      electropherograms.

PMID- 3367044
TI  - Breed structure of Senepol cattle.
AB  - Data were collected by the Virgin Islands Beef Cattle Improvement Program and the
      Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station staff to establish the breed
      structure of the Senepol cattle. Data for the analysis were limited to the two
      Virgin Islands Senepol breeders with the most complete and largest set of
      records, representing approximately 65% of the entire Senepol population.
      Inbreeding (F) and coancestry relationship coefficients (rAB) and the theoretical
      inbreeding (FT) were determined from each data set and for the combined data from
      both farms, for each year, ranging from 1947 to 1984 for Annaly Farms, and from
      1967 to 1984 for Castle Nugent Farm. The data sets for both farms were examined
      for the possibility of separation into families. Actual F within the Senepol
      population was relatively low, averaging less than 1.00%. Some separation into
      families occurred within Annaly Farms' cattle. The F and FT decreased (1.6 to
      0.7% and 1.0 to 0.2%, respectively) as population numbers increased. The low F
      was accomplished through the breeding programs and exchanges of animals between
      farms on the island.

PMID- 3367046
TI  - Measurement of cytoplasmic viscosity by fluorescence polarization in
      phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated human peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - We have developed an improved technique of fluorescence polarization for
      measurement of the cytoplasmic viscosity of human peripheral lymphocytes. When
      measured using this improved method, the mean value of fluorescence polarization
      in lymphocytes from 20 healthy donors was 0.190 +/- 0.005. The mean value of
      fluorescence polarization as percent of control after stimulation of lymphocytes
      with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was 83.6 +/- 3.8%. We discuss here optimal
      conditions for PHA stimulation of lymphocytes.

PMID- 3367045
TI  - Localization of follicle regulatory protein in the porcine ovary.
AB  - The granulosa cell secretes a protein (follicle regulatory protein: FRP) that
      affects the responsiveness of other follicles to gonadotropin stimulation. This
      protein was purified, partially characterized, and rabbit antisera as well as
      monoclonal antibodies were prepared against FRP. Fixed sections of porcine
      ovaries were prepared on slides and then incubated with the monoclonal antibody
      or polyclonal antisera and then incubated with either biotinylated mouse IgM or
      rabbit IgG antisera, respectively. These sections were then incubated with avidin
      conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, followed by substrate. Staining with both
      the monoclonal antibody and the antisera was present in the cytoplasm of
      granulosa cells of small- or medium-sized antral follicles. Staining distribution
      was localized preferentially to cells near the basal lamina; the antral granulosa
      cells of viable follicles did not stain. Neither primordial follicles nor pre
      antral follicles (less than 300 microns in diameter) showed any positive
      staining. Thecal cells were not stained in follicles less than 5 mm in diameter,
      whereas some large follicles (greater than 5 mm) contained staining in the theca.
      In the latter, specific granulosa staining was only weakly positive with the
      polyclonal antibody and negative with the monoclonal antibody. Atretic follicles
      contained significant staining of all epithelial cells adjacent to the basal
      lamina by both the monoclonal and polyclonal antibody preparations. Staining of
      the luteal ovary by the monoclonal antibody was limited to the large luteal
      cells. These findings suggest that FRP is produced by the granulosa cells of
      porcine follicles at the stage of maturation corresponding to 0.5 mm in diameter.
      As the viable follicle increases in size, production of FRP in the granulosa is
      reduced below the detectable level when the follicle exceeds 5 mm in diameter.
      The main source of FRP during the luteal phase is the large cell of the corpus
      luteum.

PMID- 3367047
TI  - Demonstration of catecholamine and resorcinolamine derivatives as formaldehyde
      induced fluorescence in protein models.
AB  - We assessed in protein droplet models the potential use of the formaldehyde
      condensation method for histochemical demonstration of a wide range of
      catecholamines and resorcinolamines. The experiments showed that all of the
      amines tested, except salbutamol and carbuterol, formed fluorophores, and that
      the fluorescence was specific [i.e., there was no fluorescence in the absence of
      formaldehyde, the fluorescence was quenched by water, and the fluorophores were
      subject to photodecomposition by the exciting (405-nm) light]. Peak wavelengths
      of the emission spectra were 480-485 nm for fluorophores of resorcinolamine
      derivatives. The fluorescence intensity of the catecholamines was greater than
      that of the resorcinolamines. Fluorophore formation was not hindered by
      substitution of t-butyl, phenylisoprophyl, or p-hydroxyphenylisopropyl on the
      amino-N in catecholamines (t-butylnorepinephrine, Cc24, Cc25, respectively) or
      resorcinolamines (terbutaline, Th1161, fenoterol, respectively), and fluorophores
      also formed for catecholamines with the amino-N in a ring structure (rimiterol)
      or with a long alkyl chain substituted on the amino-N (hexoprenaline). Our study
      showed that fluorescence microphotometry can be used to detect a range of drugs
      that are catecholamines or resorcinolamines, and hence it should be possible to
      use this technique to study the properties of dissipation of these amines in
      tissues.

PMID- 3367048
TI  - Catalase-positive microperoxisomes in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus
      muscle fiber types.
AB  - The size, distribution, and content of catalase-reactive microperoxisomes were
      studied cytochemically in slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch oxidative
      glycolytic (FOG), and fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibers of soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL) rat muscles. Fiber types were classified on the basis of
      mitochondrial content and distribution, Z-band widths, and myofibril size and
      shape. Microperoxisomes were generally located between myofibrils at the I-bands.
      The absence of crystalloid inclusions prevented positive identification of
      microperoxisomes in nonreacted and aminotriazole-inhibited muscles. EDL and
      soleus SO fibers possessed the largest microperoxisomes, whereas FOG and FG
      fibers of the EDL contained small- to medium-sized microperoxisomes. Comparing
      either microperoxisome number per muscle fiber area or microperoxisome area per
      fiber area revealed significant differences between fiber types with this
      ranking: soleus SO greater than EDL SO greater than EDL FOG greater than EDL FG.
      The present observations demonstrate that the content of catalase-positive
      microperoxisomes is greatest in the oxidative muscle fiber types. These
      cytochemical findings account for the higher catalase activity in homogenates of
      soleus muscles as compared to that of EDL muscles, because the soleus contains
      more oxidative fibers than EDL.

PMID- 3367049
TI  - Reevaluation of fibronectin-collagen interactions in tissues: an
      immunocytochemical and immunochemical study.
AB  - We studied the distribution of fibronectin (FN) in rat uterus, rat tail tendon,
      and rooster comb, using LM and EM immunocytochemistry. Special attention was paid
      to the interaction of FN with collagen (COL). Various labeling protocols and dot
      blot experiments were performed to confirm the results. Under conditions of
      labeling specificity, FN distribution over native COL fibrils was usually sparse,
      especially when these were organized into thick bundles. No labeling was observed
      over section surfaces of COL fibrils when postembedding methods were used, which
      indicates that no FN is present within these fibrils. Under conditions in which
      exogenous FN could react with tissues, e.g., when preincubation with normal serum
      for background blocking was performed, artifactual staining appeared over COL.
      Such a reaction also occurred when anti-FN antiserum completely blocked by liquid
      phase adsorption was used. Therefore, the FN present in soluble FN-anti-FN immune
      complexes must have still been able to react with COL. The artifactual labeling
      was, in all cases, almost exclusively localized on the section surfaces of COL
      fibrils. These results suggest that FN has a very low affinity for the surface of
      native COL fibrils.

PMID- 3367050
TI  - Iron-binding reactivity in mature neutrophils: relative cell content
      quantification by cytochemical scoring.
AB  - We have developed a technique that permits evaluation and semi-quantification of
      iron-binding function in mature neutrophils. Neutrophil iron-binding reactivity
      (NFeBR) visualized using the iron nitrilotriacetate-acid ferrocyanide technique
      was rated 0 to 5+ in 100 segmented cells; the ratings were totaled to yield a
      score (NFeBRS). Males and post-menopausal females had significantly higher NFeBRS
      than pre-menopausal females. Neonates had low values, and a homogeneous
      distribution of NFeBR among neutrophils. In pregnancy and acute infection, NFeBRS
      were significantly increased. In a patient with congenital lactoferrin (Lf)
      deficiency, the NFeBRS was very low. In Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous
      leukemia, 13 of 17 patients had low NFeBRS due to decreased NFeBR, which was
      heterogeneously distributed among mature neutrophils. By ultrastructural analysis
      of mature neutrophils in two such patients, the stain deposits in FeBR-positive
      granules were of normal intensity, but the numbers of positive granules were
      decreased in many cells. NFeBRS were also low in 12 of 23 patients with other
      myeloproliferative disorders, and in seven of 15 patients with acute non
      lymphoblastic leukemia, but in only seven of 63 patients with other neoplasms.
      NFeBRS were significantly correlated (p less than 0.008) with values of
      neutrophil Lf content quantified by immunologic assays in a wide variety of
      conditions and over a broad range of values. These results augment observations
      of neutrophil Lf made using immunological methods.

PMID- 3367052
TI  - Immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of S-100b protein-like in centriole,
      cilia, and basal body.
AB  - We report here the ultrastructural localization of S-100b protein-like
      immunoreactivity in the centriole, cilia, and basal body. Duodenum and trachea of
      guinea pigs and rats were fixed and immunostained by the protein A-gold method.
      All centrioles, cilia, and basal bodies observed showed clear S-100b protein-like
      immunoreactivity. Specific colloidal gold particles were located over the
      microtubules in these cell organelles. However, other microtubules scattered
      throughout the cytoplasm were devoid of immunoreactivity. Although the functional
      significance of S-100b protein-like immunoreactivity in the centriole, cilia, and
      basal bodies remains to be elucidated, the present results introduce new
      perspectives into the investigation of localization and function of S-100
      proteins.

PMID- 3367051
TI  - Specific demonstration of myoepithelial cells by anti-alpha smooth muscle actin
      antibody.
AB  - The myoepithelial cells of the sweat, mammary, tracheobronchial, and salivary
      glands are specifically identified by monoclonal antibody alpha-SM-1, which
      recognizes alpha smooth muscle actin and not the other actin isoforms. Basal or
      "reserve" cells in the stratified epithelia and excretory ducts of the salivary
      glands are negative, as well as all other epithelial cells in various organs. The
      reaction can be performed in routinely fixed and embedded tissues and is of
      practical interest in diagnostic histopathology. In immunoelectron cytochemistry,
      alpha-SM-1 antibody binds to the microfilament bundles in myoepithelial cells of
      the breast, but does not stain luminal cells and occasional basally located
      epithelial cells. These basal cells are morphologically and immunocytochemically
      distinct from the myoepithelial cells, and their nature and significance remain
      to be clarified.

PMID- 3367053
TI  - Use of selected excitation filters for enhancement of diaminobenzidine
      photomicroscopy.
AB  - Enhancement of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product for light
      photomicroscopy was investigated using commercially available glass interference
      filters FITC-495, BG38, and BG12. The oxidized DAB transmission curve between 400
      700 nm revealed a broad peak extending mostly through the yellow to red portions
      of the visible light spectrum, indicating that no single color predominates.
      Absorption spectra from the interference filters showed that FITC-495 gave total
      absorbance from 495-650 nm, with a smaller peak at 675 nm; BG38 transmitted at
      least a percentage of every wavelength up to 700 nm, whereas BG12 absorbed all
      light above 490 nm. To determine whether these filters could photographically
      increase DAB reaction product contrast, photographs were taken of corneal
      endothelial cells 24 hr after freeze injury. At this time, these cells
      demonstrate increased levels of laminin, as revealed by immunoperoxidase
      cytochemistry. When photography was performed using either no filter or a
      standard green filter, DAB contrast relative to background was minimal. However,
      when photographs were made using either the FITC-495 or the BG12 filter, DAB
      contrast increased sharply, although background density increased in the former
      case and decreased greatly in the latter. BG38 by itself did not increase DAB
      contrast. However, when used in combination with FITC-495 good DAB contrast was
      achieved and background density was lower than that seen using FITC-495 alone.
      Therefore, selective interference filters can photographically increase DAB
      contrast for studies using immunoperoxidase cytochemistry.

PMID- 3367054
TI  - Flow cytometry DNA analysis on tumor cell subpopulation of human tumor specimens
      by exclusion of lymphohemopoietic cells.
AB  - We describe a new flow cytometry procedure in which DNA analyses can be obtained
      selectively on pure, freshly obtained tumor cell subpopulations of human tumor
      specimens. This procedure is based on exclusion from analysis of the
      contaminating lymphohemopoietic cells mixed with tumor cells in tumor specimens.
      This exclusion is made possible by labeling all lymphohemopoietic cells with an
      antibody to HLe-1 (HLE), which is present on all lymphohemopoietic cells but on
      no other cells, and by gating against these labeled cells when analyzing for DNA.
      For the model system, a 1:1 mixture of normal human peripheral blood leukocytes
      and either of two human cancer cell lines, HEp-2 and MCF-7, normal leukocyte
      contamination can be reduced to 3.1% while retaining 94.7% of tumor cells for DNA
      analysis. Four examples of human tumor samples, two cases each of malignant
      effusions and lymph node metastases, were analyzed with this procedure. The
      results clearly indicate that this new method will improve ploidy
      analysis/aneuploidy detection and will make it possible to obtain more accurate
      cell-cycle analyses of tumor cells than have previously been possible. This new
      procedure will contribute to clinical and biological studies involving DNA of
      human tumors.

PMID- 3367055
TI  - The possible role of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of endocarditis caused by
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID- 3367056
TI  - The early diagnosis of legionnaires' disease in a Legionella pneumophila aerosol
      infected guinea pig model; comparison of a method developed for detecting
      Legionella pneumophila antigens in urine and the demonstration of circulating
      antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
AB  - The appearance of Legionella pneumophila antigen in the urine of guinea-pig with
      experimental airborne legionnaires' disease was investigated and compared with
      that of emerging antibody by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Models
      with high dose (acute) and low dose (chronic) infection were studied. Antigen was
      detected after 40 h in the high dose group but animals died (at 3 days) before an
      antibody response could be elicited. In the low dose group, antigen was detected
      4 days after infection, well before serum antibody was detected (7-10 days).
      Small, but significant, amounts of antigen were detected up to 17 days after
      infection in surviving animals. Although detection of L. pneumophila antigen in
      urine has been proposed before, and achieved on an ad hoc basis, the technique is
      not in routine, general use. This is due mainly to difficulties of evaluation in
      relation to other methods of early diagnosis in the human situation where
      infectious dose, time of infection, host uniformity and availability of samples
      present difficulties. The use, in this study, of a highly relevant aerosol
      infected guinea-pig model of legionnaires' disease has avoided these
      uncertainties and hopefully proved the value of this technique for general
      routine use. The antigen detection test was shown to be rapid, sensitive and
      reliable, and allowed diagnosis of legionnaires' disease earlier than was
      possible by demonstrating antibody. In addition, the detection of antigen in
      urine is a convenient and non-invasive procedure.

PMID- 3367057
TI  - Tuberculosis presenting as laryngeal stridor in a child.
AB  - A three and a half-year-old boy developed stridor after insertion of grommets for
      bilateral secretory otitis media. Despite treatment with steroids systemically
      and locally, antibiotics and an antihistamine, the stridor worsened.
      Microlaryngotracheobronchoscopy (MLB) demonstrated laryngeal granulations, in
      which, by auramine and Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli were seen, and
      from which subsequently Mycobacterium tuberculosis grew in culture. Following the
      MLB the child became comatosed and a clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis involving
      the central nervous system was made. Despite quadruple antituberculous
      chemotherapy he died 8 days later. A Mantoux test was negative and a chest
      radiograph was normal. Acid-fast bacilli were not demonstrated on repeated
      examinations of cerebrospinal fluid, nor were they grown ante mortem or post
      mortem from samples of cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3367058
TI  - Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis and mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Staphylococcus epidermidis is an infrequent cause of native valve endocarditis.
      We describe two cases associated with mitral valve prolapse, and discuss the
      significance, diagnosis and management of this condition.

PMID- 3367059
TI  - Campylobacter pylori infection in children.
AB  - Two children with antral nodular hyperplasia and active chronic gastritis
      associated with Campylobacter pylori are reported. The organism was observed by
      scanning electron microscopy and cultured from antral biopsies obtained at
      endoscopy from each patient. Anti-C. pylori IgG was detected in high titre in
      both patients together with serum IgM in one patient. Treatment with ampicillin
      and a bismuth preparation resulted in total resolution of symptoms. Repeated
      endoscopy with antral biopsy and culture, as well as the absence of acute
      inflammatory changes, confirmed the eradication of the organism. Correlation of
      positive bacteriological cultures and serological tests with the clinical
      improvement related to therapy supports a causative role for C. pylori in antral
      lymphoid hyperplasia and antral gastritis in children.

PMID- 3367060
TI  - Haemophilus segnis endocarditis.
AB  - Haemophilus segnis is a rarely recognised commensal in the oropharynx. We wish to
      report the first published case of endocarditis caused by H. segnis. The patient,
      a 76-year-old female did not recover until after 2 courses of ampicillin given
      for a total of 57 days. In the second course of treatment, ampicillin was
      combined with 10 days of netilmicin therapy.

PMID- 3367061
TI  - Outbreak of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome among neonates.
AB  - Over a period of 2 months, 12 babies born in the maternity unit at Guy's Hospital
      developed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in two distinct outbreaks.
      Staphylococci isolated from the babies, together with those from the mothers and
      attending medical staff were phage-typed. All isolates from the babies were of
      type 3A/3C. During the first outbreak only one carrier of the epidemic strain (a
      paediatrician) was found but a further 12 persons were identified as possible
      carriers during the second outbreak. In order to confirm the link between
      outbreaks, all phage group II isolates were subjected to reverse phage-typing,
      testing for metal-ion resistance, plasmid profiling and in-vivo testing for
      production of epidermolytic toxin. It was shown that the same epidemic strain of
      toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for both outbreaks. The
      affected neonates responded rapidly to a short course of intravenous
      flucloxacillin. The outbreak ceased after appropriate treatment of all carriers
      and the implementation of an extensive disinfection policy within the maternity
      unit.

PMID- 3367062
TI  - Structure-function analysis of murine interferon-alpha: antiviral properties of
      novel hybrid interferons.
AB  - As described earlier the protein products of the murine interferon (IFN) genes
      MuIFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2, and -alpha 4 differ in their antiviral activity on
      hamster (CHO) and mouse (L929) cells. For structure-function analysis, hybrids
      were prepared between the three genes using common restriction enzyme sites.
      Natural and hybrid genes were transiently expressed in monkey COS cells. Under
      the conditions used IFN constituted 20-30% of the total amount of secreted
      proteins. Using a panel of hybrids either between alpha 1 and alpha 2 or between
      alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 4, the amino-terminal region of the protein, from
      amino acids 10 to 58, was found to determine its antiviral activity on hamster
      cells. On mouse cells, the antiviral activities of hybrids between alpha 4 and
      either alpha 1 or alpha 2 were compared. The high activity of alpha 4 (five to
      ten times that of alpha 1 or alpha 2) was not transmitted to hybrids having the
      amino-terminal part of alpha 4, but coincided with the presence of the alpha 4
      carboxy-terminal region in all but one hybrid construct. The deletion of five
      amino acids (positions 103-107) located in this region of alpha 4 did not affect
      antiviral activity when introduced into MuIFN-alpha 2 and a MuIFN-alpha 42 hybrid
      by site-directed mutagenesis.

PMID- 3367064
TI  - [Radiological study of 1500 coccyces].
AB  - A radiological study of the coccyx and sacral vertebra was carried out in 1,000
      healthy individuals, and in 500 individuals suffering from coccygeal pain. In
      terms of the age distribution of individuals suffering from coccygodynia, the
      peak of the distribution curve was found at fourth decade. Morphologically, the
      incidence of dislocation type was as follows: In the normal group, it was 2.6% in
      males, and 5.2% in females; in the traumatic group, the dislocation type was 5.1%
      in males, and 8.1% in females, in the idiopathic group, it was 4.8% in males, and
      11.1% in females. The sacro-coccygeal angle was greater in the female than in the
      male. From these results it may be concluded that there is a greater occurrence
      of idiopathic coccygeal regional pain among females, owing to certain motor
      disadvantages affecting body movement, as well as possible hormonal imbalance and
      morphological abnormalities.

PMID- 3367063
TI  - [Studies on internal pressure and oxygen tension of bone tumors and tumor
      conditions. II--Growth rate, internal pressure and oxygen tension in bone
      lesions].
AB  - Internal pressure and oxygen tension were measured in 24 patients with bone
      tumors and tumorous conditions. High internal pressure were observed in most of
      the rapidly growing lesions. The internal pressure of slowly growing and non
      growing lesions were not significantly different from those of normal bone
      marrow. Oxygen tension was commonly higher in the rapidly growing lesions than in
      simultaneously obtained peripheral venous samples from the same patients. A high
      correlation was found between internal pressure and the growth rate of the bone
      lesions in this study. These data suggest that internal pressure and oxygen
      tension of the lesions reflect the degree of blood supply to the bone tumors and
      tumorous conditions.

PMID- 3367065
TI  - Tibial lengthening by epiphyseal distraction.
AB  - Tibial lengthening by slow distraction of the distal epiphysis using the dynamic
      axial fixator was performed in 3 patients near to skeletal maturity, in 2
      patients with congenital origin and in one with achondroplasia. The obtained
      lengths were 4.4 cm (17% of the tibial length), 3.7 cm (12%) and 3.6 cm (19%).
      There were no serious complications. Bone formation at the site of distraction
      was thought to be periosteal in origin when assessed using X-rays and
      computerized tomography. There was no radiological evidence that bone at the
      distracted sites was formed by an apposition from the metaphyseal side which is
      expected in cases of stimulation of endochondral ossification in the growth
      plate. There was no further measurable growth at the distracted growth plates
      after lengthening. This method is useful for limb lengthening near the time of
      epiphyseal closure.

PMID- 3367066
TI  - [An experimental study of direct nerve implantation in denervated muscle-
      reinnervation by formation of new motor endplates].
AB  - The author investigated the possibility and the mechanism of reinnervation of
      "endplate-free denervated muscle" by direct neurotization, using the anterior
      tibial muscles of rats. The proximal stump of the posterior tibial nerve, which
      was severed at the ankle level, was embedded into the transected distal 1/5 (5
      mm) of the endplate-free segment of the muscle. M-waves by electromyogram
      appeared 6 weeks after neurotization. In the histological specimens with
      acetylcholine-esterase (Ach-E) stain, accumulations of Ach-E activity were
      detected from one week after neurotization. These increased gradually in both
      number and size. In the electron microscopy specimens, axons were seen in the
      synaptic fold-like indentations of the thickened sarcoplasm in 4 weeks. Eight
      weeks after neurotization, synaptic vesicles were observed in the axons. It was
      established by this study that direct neurotization resulted in the formation of
      new motor endplates and in the reinnervation of "endplate-free denervated
      muscle".

PMID- 3367067
TI  - Electrically stimulated periosteal grafting in the rat.
AB  - Osteogenesis of the periosteum was examined in rats. The periosteum electrically
      stimulated for 6 days was grafted into the axillar muscle, and new bone tissue
      was found in 40 out of 44 animals (90.9%). Periosteum without stimulation and
      that with only 2 days of electrical stimulation did not generate new bone tissue.
      The periosteum electrically stimulated for 4 days did not show substantial new
      bone formation in the muscle. The periosteal tissue which was initially
      electrically stimulated for 6 days was definitely transformed into new bone
      tissue in the muscle. This shows that boneless bone grafting can be accomplished
      successfully in rats by electrically stimulating the periosteum before grafting.
      Periosteal grafting is considered to be potentially valuable as a boneless bone
      grafting technique.

PMID- 3367068
TI  - A study of the progression of congenital scoliosis in non-operated cases.
AB  - Non-operated cases of congenital scoliosis were analyzed to determine the
      prognosis. There were 114 males and 132 females with an average age of 8 years.
      Of these, 151 cases underwent brace treatment. One hundred and eighty-nine cases
      were followed with an average follow-up period of 5 years. Hemivertebrae were
      subdivided into 3 groups according to their radiological features. With this
      classification, the prediction of progression was possible. A unilateral bar and
      a bar with contralateral hemivertebra had unfavorable prognosis as described in
      the literature. The unclassifiable type showed progression in more than 50% of
      cases, but prediction was difficult. Curves with incomplete block vertebrae,
      clinically recognized as disc space narrowing, were considered to be a specific
      type of congenital scoliosis which sometimes revealed a rapid progression during
      the adolescent growth spurt.

PMID- 3367069
TI  - In vitro fertilization: simple or complex?

PMID- 3367070
TI  - Successful pregnancy in an ovulating recipient following the transfer of two
      frozen-thawed embryos obtained from anonymously donated oocytes.
AB  - A fertile woman suffering from mild dystrophia myotonica had undergone
      sterilization because of the 50% genetic risk of this disease developing in her
      offspring. In her second treatment cycle on the donor oocyte program, four
      anonymously donated oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed sperm of her
      husband. Three embryos were obtained and two surviving embryos were deep-frozen
      at the eight-cell stage and kept in storage for 9 months. These embryos were
      successfully thawed and transferred to the recipient 97 hr after the onset of her
      luteinizing hormone surge. A normal singleton pregnancy developed and a healthy
      male infant was delivered by cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation.

PMID- 3367071
TI  - Effects of prolactin on gametes and zygotes during in vitro fertilization in
      mice.
AB  - Hyperprolactinemia is one of the major causative factors of infertility. However,
      the effect of prolactin on gametes during in vitro fertilization has not been
      elucidated. In the present study, the effects of mouse prolactin on the motility
      of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro development of the zygote
      were investigated in mice using media containing three different concentrations
      (10, 50, and 100 ng/ml) of mouse prolactin. The development of unfertilized and
      fertilized oocytes (zygotes) was not affected in vitro by prolactin regardless of
      the amount of prolactin added to culture media. However, the fertilizing capacity
      of the spermatozoa was suppressed when they were preincubated for 90 min in
      culture media containing prolactin at concentrations of 50 and 100 ng/ml. The
      motility of spermatozoa was not affected by prolactin regardless of the
      concentration of prolactin used for preincubation. The present study indicates
      that prolactin may have some effects on the capacitation process of spermatozoa
      in vitro. This result should be taken into consideration in in vitro
      fertilization and embryo transfer procedures in humans.

PMID- 3367073
TI  - Multiple pregnancies with gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): complications of
      a new technique.
AB  - A complication related to the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure
      involving a sextuplet pregnancy is described. Selective reduction of the fetuses
      to two, with normal delivery at term, was able to be performed. Problems with
      regard to multiple pregnancy with this procedure are discussed as well as ways to
      decrease the probability of this occurring.

PMID- 3367072
TI  - Mother-daughter in vitro fertilization triplet surrogate pregnancy.
AB  - A successful triplet pregnancy has been established in a surrogate gestational
      mother following the transfer of five embryos fertilized in vitro. The oocytes
      were donated by her biological daughter, and the sperm obtained from the
      daughter's husband. The daughter's infertility followed a total abdominal
      hysterectomy performed for a postpartum hemorrhage as a result of a placenta
      accreta. Synchronization of both their menstrual cycles was obtained using oral
      contraceptive suppression for 2 months, followed by stimulation of both the
      surrogate gestational mother and her daughter such that embryo transfer would
      occur at least 48 hr after the surrogate gestational mother's own ovulation. This
      case raises a number of medical, social, psychological, and ethical issues.

PMID- 3367074
TI  - Human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program at the Medical Academy,
      Sofia, Bulgaria.

PMID- 3367075
TI  - Human egg fertilization in capillary tubes.

PMID- 3367076
TI  - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at Loverval, Belgium.

PMID- 3367077
TI  - A program for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer at the Henry G. Bennett
      Fertility Institute, Baptist Medical Center of Oklahoma.

PMID- 3367078
TI  - The human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program at the Soliman
      Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3367079
TI  - Venous air embolism associated with removal of central venous catheters.

PMID- 3367080
TI  - Incarceration of the mentally ill: a question of legality.

PMID- 3367081
TI  - Physician responsibility to patients under cost containment plans.

PMID- 3367083
TI  - Studies on the link between HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase
      in rat liver.
AB  - Under most experimental conditions, there is a covariation between the rate
      limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, and the rate
      limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The
      most simple explanation for the coupling between the two enzymes is that newly
      synthesized cholesterol is a substrate for an unsaturated cholesterol 7 alpha
      hydroxylase and that substrate availability is of major regulatory importance for
      this enzyme. The following results seem, however, to rule out that such a simple
      regulatory mechanism is of major importance and that HMG-CoA reductase activity
      per se is of importance in the regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. 1)
      The apparent degree of saturation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, as measured
      in vitro in rat liver microsomes, was found to be relatively high (70-90%) under
      most experimental conditions, including starvation, cholestyramine treatment, and
      cholesterol treatment. A significant decrease in the degree of saturation was
      obtained first after a drastic reduction of total concentration of cholesterol in
      the microsomes by treatment with high doses of triparanol, an inhibitor of
      cholesterol biosynthesis. 2) The stimulatory effect of cholesterol feeding on
      cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in rats seems to be an effect on the
      enzyme activity (enzyme induction?) rather than an effect on substrate
      availability. Thus, the stimulatory effect of cholesterol feeding was retained
      also after almost complete removal of the endogenous cholesterol by extraction
      with acetone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367082
TI  - High density lipoprotein particle size distribution in subjects with obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - High density lipoproteins (HDL) from 14 patients with obstructive jaundice were
      examined by gradient gel electrophoresis to determine the effect of obstruction
      on particle size distribution. HDL from 7 of these patients were fractionated by
      gel permeation chromatography and further characterized by electron microscopy,
      SDS gel electrophoresis, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II
      immunoturbidimetry, and analysis of chemical composition. In addition,
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was measured and correlated
      with plasma apolipoprotein A-I concentration and particle size distribution. HDL
      were abnormal in all patients regardless of severity, cause, or duration of
      obstruction. The major HDL subfraction in normal subjects, HDL3a (radius 4.1-4.3
      nm) was either absent or considerably diminished, and HDL2b (radius 5.3 nm) was
      also frequently absent. Very small particles comparable in size to normal HDL3c
      (radius 3.8 nm) were prominent. In patients with a bilirubin concentration
      greater than 250 mumol/l, normal HDL had totally disappeared and were replaced by
      large discoidal particles of radius 8.5 nm and small spherical particles of
      radius 3.6-3.7 nm. Both populations of particles were markedly depleted of
      cholesteryl ester and enriched in free cholesterol and phospholipid. The
      discoidal particles were rich in apolipoproteins E, A-I, A-II, and C, while the
      small spherical particles contained predominantly apolipoprotein A-I. LCAT
      activity was diminished in all subjects to 8-54% of normal, and was strongly
      positively correlated (r = 0.91 P less than 0.05) with plasma apolipoprotein A-I
      levels.

PMID- 3367084
TI  - Role of the hepatocyte microtubular system in the excretion of bile salts and
      biliary lipid: implications for intracellular vesicular transport.
AB  - The role of the hepatocyte microtubular system in the transport and excretion of
      bile salts and biliary lipid has not been defined. In this study the effects of
      microtubule inhibition on biliary excretion of micelle- and non-micelle-forming
      bile salts and associated lipid were examined in rats. Low-dose colchicine
      pretreatment had no effect on the baseline excretion of biliary bile salts and
      phospholipid in animals studied 1 hr after surgery (basal animals), but slightly
      retarded the excretion of tracer [14C]taurocholate relative to that of
      lumicolchicine-pretreated (control) rats. However, colchicine pretreatment
      resulted in a marked reduction in the excretion of 2 mumol/100 g doses of a
      series of four micelle-forming bile salts of differing hydrophilicity, but had no
      significant effect on the excretion of the non-micelle-forming bile salt,
      taurodehydrocholate. Continuous infusion of 0.2 mumol of taurocholate/(100 g.min)
      following 24 hr of biliary drainage (depleted/reinfused animals) resulted in
      physiologic bile flow with biliary excretion rates of bile salts, phospholipid,
      and cholesterol that were markedly inhibited (mean 33, 39, and 42%, respectively)
      by colchicine or vinblastine pretreatment. Excretion of tracer [14C]taurocholate
      also was markedly delayed by colchicine in these bile salt-depleted/reinfused
      animals. In contrast, colchicine did not inhibit bile salt excretion in response
      to reinfusion of taurodehydrocholate. Thus, under basal conditions, the
      microtubular system appears to play a minor role in hepatic transport and
      excretion of bile salts and biliary lipid. However, biliary excretion of micelle
      forming bile salts and associated phospholipid and cholesterol becomes
      increasingly dependent on microtubular integrity as the transcellular flux and
      biliary excretion of bile salts increases, in both bile salt-depleted and basal
      animals. We postulate that cotransport of micelle-forming bile salts and lipids
      destined for biliary excretion, via an intracellular vesicular pathway, forms the
      basis for this microtubule dependence.

PMID- 3367085
TI  - Hepatic 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of bile acid intermediates, and its significance
      for the pathogenesis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
AB  - The bile acid precursor 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was found to be
      enzymatically dehydroxylated at a slow rate by liver tissues from the rat, human,
      and guinea pig. The rat liver enzyme is localized in the microsomal fraction, has
      a pH optimum of about 8.5, an apparent Km of 0.03-0.04 mM, and a Vmax of 10-15
      nmoles.mg protein-1.hr-1. The product from 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was
      identified as cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one by its chromatographic properties and by
      mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeded both in air and N2, and pyridine
      nucleotides were not required as cofactors. In addition to the enzymatic
      reaction, there was a significant nonenzymatic dehydroxylation of 7 alpha-hydroxy
      4-cholesten-3-one, in particular at high pH and with high concentrations of
      protein. No 7 alpha-dehydroxylation occurred with various 7 alpha-hydroxylated 3
      beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroids. We have previously shown that at least part of the
      accumulation of cholestanol in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is due to
      accelerated 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of bile acid intermediate(s), which are
      further converted into cholestanol. The capacity to dehydroxylate 7 alpha-hydroxy
      4-cholesten-3-one was found to be about the same in homogenates of liver biopsies
      from two patients with CTX as in preparations from control subjects. It is
      suggested that increased levels of substrate (7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one)
      in the liver, rather than increased amounts of 7 alpha-dehydroxylase is the
      explanation for the accelerated 7 alpha-dehydroxylation in CTX that leads to
      increased biosynthesis of cholestanol.

PMID- 3367086
TI  - Potential bile acid metabolites. 13. Improved routes to 3 beta, 6 beta- and 3
      beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acids.
AB  - New synthetic routes to three possible stereoisomers of hyodeoxycholic (3 alpha,
      6 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic) acid are described. The principal reactions
      involved were inversion at C-3 of 3 alpha-hydroxy-6-oxo derivatives with diethyl
      azodicarboxylate-triphenylphosphine-formic acid and with N,N-dimethylformamide,
      without allomerization to the more stable 5 alpha form. On the basis of physical
      and chromatographic data, previously reported 3 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta
      cholanic acid and its methyl ester are shown to be C-3 epimeric mixtures. The 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were of key importance in characterizing the
      stereoisomers and estimating their purity.

PMID- 3367087
TI  - Formation of three types of glucuronides of 6-hydroxy bile acids by rat liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The glucuronidation of 6-hydroxylated bile acids by rat liver microsomes was
      studied in vitro; for comparison, several major bile acids lacking a hydroxyl
      group in position 6 were also investigated. The highest reaction rates were found
      for lithocholic and deoxycholic acid (10.2 +/- 0.2 and 7.3 +/- 1.4 nmol/mg.min,
      respectively); our results for these substrates agree well with published values.
      Glucuronidation rates for the 6 beta-hydroxylated bile acids 3 alpha, 6 beta
      dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoate (murideoxycholate) and 3 alpha, 6 beta, 7 beta
      trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoate (beta-muricholate) were only slightly lower (3.7 +/-
      0.3 and 3.6 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg.min). 6 alpha-Hydroxylated bile acids were
      glucuronidated at rates that were lower than those for their 6 beta-hydroxy
      counterparts. Rigorous product identification by high-field proton NMR of
      methyl/acetyl derivatives revealed that while bile acids lacking a 6-hydroxyl
      group gave rise exclusively to the typical 3-O-glucuronide, the presence of a
      hydroxyl group in position 6 led to the formation, in ratios depending on the
      substrate, of three types of conjugate: the 3-O-, the 6-O-, and the carboxyl
      linked (acyl-) glucurnide. The latter is the first example of an acyl glucuronide
      of a bile acid of conventional (C24) size.

PMID- 3367088
TI  - Hepatic perfusate very low density lipoproteins obtained from fat-fed nonhuman
      primates stimulate cholesterol esterification in macrophages.
AB  - The livers of both baboons and rhesus monkeys fed a high fat, high cholesterol
      diet secreted very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) that were enriched in
      cholesteryl ester and apoe as compared to VLDL secreted by the livers of chow-fed
      animals. Stimulation of macrophage cholesterol esterification by the experimental
      VLDL was compared to that produced by the standard beta-VLDL obtained from the
      plasma of a rhesus monkey fed 25% coconut oil plus 2% cholesterol. This standard
      beta-VLDL stimulated 7- to 10-fold more esterification than did the bovine
      albumin control. Hepatic VLDL from fat-fed animals stimulated esterification in
      J774 macrophages 50 to 150% as well as did the standard beta-VLDL, even though
      hepatic VLDL did not display beta electrophoretic mobility on agarose gel
      electrophoresis. Plasma VLDL from lard-fed baboons did not exhibit beta
      electrophoretic mobility but did stimulate esterification in macrophages. Baboons
      were divided into high and low responders based on the change in plasma
      cholesterol levels in response to a high fat, high cholesterol diet. Both plasma
      and hepatic VLDL from high responders stimulated cholesterol esterification,
      whereas hepatic VLDL obtained from low responders or chow-fed baboons did not
      stimulate cholesterol esterification in macrophages. There was a strong positive
      correlation (r = 0.866) between the number of apoE molecules per VLDL particle in
      VLDL obtained from chow-fed, lard-fed, or coconut oil-fed primates and the rate
      of cholesterol esterification in macrophages. Our results show that hepatic
      perfusate VLDL obtained from fat- and cholesterol-fed primates have compositional
      and functional properties usually ascribed to circulating beta-VLDL, without
      displaying beta mobility, and indicate that the liver may be an important source
      of atherogenic lipoproteins.

PMID- 3367090
TI  - Specific methylation of plasma nonesterified fatty acids in a one-step reaction.
AB  - Analysis of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) by gas-liquid chromatography
      requires procedures that are both lengthy and cumbersome. A 45-min direct
      methylation procedure was carried out at 24-29 degrees C on 150 microliter of
      plasma added with an internal standard in 5.0 ml of methanol-acetyl chloride 50:1
      (v/v). To stop the reaction, 3 ml of 6.0% K2CO3 was added. After addition of 150
      microliter of hexane, shaking and centrifugation, an aliquot of the upper phase
      was injected into the gas chromatograph. The specificity of the methylation
      reaction for NEFA without hydrolysis of other classes of plasma lipids was
      substantiated with appropriate standards. This one-step specific methylation
      procedure is superior to currently used methods.

PMID- 3367089
TI  - Examination of bile acid negative feedback regulation in rats.
AB  - Recent data obtained using cultured rat hepatocytes showed that bile acids do not
      inhibit bile acid synthesis, whereas cholesterol concentrations vary in parallel
      with bile acid synthesis (Davis et al. (1983. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 4079-4082).
      This led us to re-evaluate in vivo experiments upon which the consensus that bile
      acid synthesis is primarily regulated by bile acid "negative feedback" is based.
      Infusion of taurocholate into either the jugular vein or duodenum of bile
      diverted rats stimulated biliary cholesterol secretion and bile flow, but it did
      not inhibit bile acid synthesis. The lack of an inhibitory effect was evident
      using several different infusion rates of taurocholate. Even at the greatest rate
      of taurocholate infusion (25 mumol/(100 g.hr] there was no significant inhibition
      of bile acid synthesis. In contrast, infusing mevinolin (1 mg/hr), a potent
      competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, almost completely inhibited bile acid
      synthesis and biliary cholesterol secretion. Since mevinolin did not affect bile
      flow, these results cannot be ascribed to bile secretory failure. Thus, while
      these studies suggest that taurocholate may not regulate bile acid synthesis
      directly via negative feedback, cholesterol is likely to act as a positive
      effector of bile acid synthesis.

PMID- 3367092
TI  - Georgia Health Network in perspective: 1985 to 1988 and beyond.

PMID- 3367091
TI  - Inhibitors of sterol synthesis. Reverse phase high performance liquid
      chromatography for the separation of cholesterol, 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta
      ol-15-one, and their fatty acid esters.
AB  - A relatively simple and rapid method was required for the separation of 5 alpha
      cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one, a potent inhibitor of sterol synthesis, from
      its major metabolites. Conditions have been determined which permit the
      resolution of the 15-ketosterol and cholesterol and fatty acid esters of the two
      sterols by reverse phase high performance chromatography. This methodology also
      permits the resolution of the major esters of the 15-ketosterol and of
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3367093
TI  - Hospital liability for staff physician negligence--the line continues to blur.

PMID- 3367094
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies in imaging and therapy.

PMID- 3367095
TI  - A 52-kD protein is a novel component of the SS-A/Ro antigenic particle.
AB  - Anti-SS-A/Ro autoantibodies are found in the sera of patients with Sjogren's
      syndrome (SS) and SLE. In the course of analyzing 61 SS patients for their
      autoantibody profiles, we found that 42 were positive for anti-SS-A by double
      diffusion in agarose and demonstrated precipitin lines identical to that produced
      by a prototype anti-SS-A serum. Further analysis of these SS-A antibody-positive
      sera by Western blotting of cell extracts revealed that 21 sera reacted with two
      proteins of 60 and 52 kD, 13 sera reacted with 52-kD protein, two detected only
      60 kD, while six were nonreactive. Affinity-purified anti-60-kD and anti-52-kD
      antibodies reacted exclusively with their corresponding antigens. Partial
      proteolysis of these proteins did not reveal common degradation fragments. Thus
      the 52- and 60-kD proteins were found to be antigenically and apparently
      structurally distinct from each other. They were also distinct from 48-kD SS-B/La
      protein. In immunoprecipitation using labeled cell extracts, affinity-purified
      anti-52-kD antibodies brought down the 52-kD protein as well as the 60-kD band.
      In [32P]orthophosphate-labeled HeLa cell extract both antibodies precipitated the
      same spectrum of small RNAs (hYl-5). In indirect immunofluorescence, anti-52-kD
      and anti-60-kD antibodies immunolocalized in similar subcellular structures and
      showed similar punctate nuclear staining patterns. Western blot analysis revealed
      that both proteins were present in lymphocytic as well as epithelial human cell
      lines tested. The data above define a new antigen of 52 kD which is another
      component of the SS-A particle and is associated in complex formation with the
      previously reported 60-kD protein.

PMID- 3367096
TI  - Organ-specific selection of viral variants during chronic infection.
AB  - This study demonstrates organ specific selection of viral variants during chronic
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in its natural host. Isolates
      with different biological properties were present in the central nervous system
      (CNS) and lymphoid tissues of carrier mice infected at birth with the wt
      Armstrong strain of LCMV. Viral isolates from the CNS were similar to the wt
      Armstrong strain and induced potent virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)
      responses in adult mice and the infection was cleared within 2 wk. In contrast,
      LCMV isolates derived from the lymphoid tissues caused a chronic infection in
      adult mice associated with suppressed CTL responses. Revertants with wt Armstrong
      phenotype were present in the CNS of mice infected with a spleen isolate showing
      unequivocally the importance of host tissues in the selection of viral variants.
      These results provide a possible mechanism by which viral variants emerge in
      nature and suggest that tissue- and cell-specific selection is an important
      aspect of virus evolution.

PMID- 3367097
TI  - Age-related galactosylation of the N-linked oligosaccharides of human serum IgG.
AB  - In a study of 151 normal, healthy individuals of both sexes varying in age from 1
      70 yr, it was found that the relative incidence of agalactosyl (with both outer
      arms terminating in N-acetylglucosamine) N-linked oligosaccharides on total serum
      IgG decreased from birth to a minimum (at 25 yr of age) and then increased with
      age. The relative incidence of digalactosyl structures varied inversely to this,
      and the relative incidence of monogalactosyl structures was constant.
      Galactosylation of the N-linked oligosaccharides of the human serum IgG of normal
      individuals is therefore an age-related molecular parameter. Several reports have
      suggested that rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a decreased
      galactosylation of serum IgG (3-5). The normal variation in galactosylation with
      age as described here allows a true assessment of disease-associated changes in
      this parameter, and raises the possibility that one of the lesions in rheumatoid
      arthritis is an accelerated aging of the immune system. In addition,
      heterogeneity within age groups may be due to intrinsic differences in genetic
      endowment, or may reflect the impact of extrinsic factors (8).

PMID- 3367099
TI  - Representation of serial order in monkeys (Cebus apella).
AB  - Cebus monkeys were trained on a five-item serial learning task, symbolized as
      ABCDE; the initial stages of training were on the shorter subseries AB, ABC, and
      ABCD. To assess the monkeys' knowledge of the sequential position of each item,
      pair-wise tests were given to 2 subjects after acquisition of the ABCD series and
      to 4 subjects after reaching criterion on the ABCDE series. In both tests, the
      monkeys performed at high levels on the interior pairs, which were BC for the
      ABCD series, and BC, BD, and CD for the ABCDE series. These results, as well as
      the orderly relations observed in the pair-wise tests between first-item response
      latency and first-item position and between second-item response latency and
      number of missing items, indicated that the monkeys had developed a well
      organized internal representation of the four- and five-item series. Although
      pigeons are also capable of learning four-item and five-item series, they
      apparently do not develop a comparable representational structure. The disparity
      between the monkeys' and pigeons' representational competence for serial order is
      predictable from the difference in their capacities for associative transitivity.

PMID- 3367098
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor alpha in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial, but not
      viral, meningitis. Evaluation in murine model infections and in patients.
AB  - To evaluate the potential role of cachectin/TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of
      bacterial and viral meningitis, concentrations and kinetics of TNF-alpha were
      determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). After intracerebral, but not systemic,
      infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice, TNF-alpha was detected as early as
      3 h after infection reaching maximum titers after 24 h. However, TNF-alpha was
      not found in serum during the course of Listeria infection. In contrast to
      bacterial meningitis, no TNF-alpha was detected at any time in CSF of mice
      suffering from severe lymphocytic choriomeningitis induced by intracerebral
      infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. This difference is striking
      since both model infections led to a massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear
      and mononuclear leukocytes into the meninges and CSF. The results found for the
      two model infections were paralleled by findings in humans; CSF from three out of
      three patients with bacterial meningitis examined during the first day of
      hospitalization showed significant levels of TNF-alpha; none of the CSF obtained
      later than 3 d after hospitalization was positive. In addition, similarly to what
      was found in mice with viral meningitis, zero out of seven patients with viral
      meningitis had detectable TNF-alpha in CSF.

PMID- 3367100
TI  - Spontaneous transfer of matching by infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
AB  - Four infant chimpanzees learned a matching-to-sample task when only two training
      stimuli were used. They then spontaneously transferred the matching concept to
      novel items, including three-dimensional objects and fabric swatches, without any
      experimenter-provided differential feedback. These results support the view that
      the matching concept is broadly construed by chimpanzees from the beginning and
      does not depend upon explicit training.

PMID- 3367101
TI  - Long-term proactive interference and novelty enhancement effect in monkey list
      memory.
AB  - Serial-probe-recognition (SPR) performance by 2 monkeys deteriorated over several
      months of training. Three hundred and twenty different items were presented
      without repetition within a session (trial unique) but were repeated between
      sessions. The cause of the deterioration was identified as proactive interference
      (PI) due to repetitive use of items from day to day. Introduction of novel
      stimuli across days improved performance from 63% to 82% correct (Experiment 1).
      Tests with only probe items and no list items (Experiment 2) revealed that the
      monkeys were using a familiar/novel response strategy in combination with a
      relational strategy (relating the probe item to the list items) to further
      improve their SPR performance. Intermixing familiar baseline trials and novel
      transfer trials within a session (Experiment 3) encouraged the subjects to use a
      relational strategy, and it improved performance on baseline trials as well as on
      transfer trials. Possible qualitative similarity between the relational strategy
      and the familiar/novel response strategy is discussed along with theoretical
      implications of these findings for experiments which have used small number of
      repeating stimuli within a session.

PMID- 3367102
TI  - From contrast to reinforcement: role of response contingency in anticipatory
      contrast.
AB  - Intake of a 0.15% saccharin solution is suppressed if access to the saccharin is
      followed by access to 32% sucrose in brief daily pairings. The present series of
      four experiments was concerned with factors that lead to this anticipatory
      contrast effect (suppressed saccharin intake) rather than a reinforcement effect.
      In Experiment 1, anticipatory contrast was obtained with an autoshaping procedure
      (no lick requirement on the initial tube), and degree of contrast did not vary as
      a function of intersolution interval in the range of 0-15 s. Experiments 2 and 3
      showed that requirements of 10, 100, 200, or 400 licks on the first tube
      available led to a reinforcement effect in latency, but a requirement of 0 licks
      (autoshaping procedure) led to a contrast effect in licks and latency. In
      Experiment 4, a group with a 200-contingent-lick requirement showed a
      reinforcement effect in latency, but a group yoked to this contingent group
      showed a contrast effect in both latency and licks. Overall, the results suggest
      that anticipatory contrast occurs under conditions of a "relaxed" instrumental
      contingency. The data are discussed in terms of control of behavior by stimulus
      stimulus, response-stimulus, and stimulus-response associations, and the results
      are related to behavioral contrast, to flavor-outcome associations, and to
      "misbehavior" produced by Pavlovian-instrumental interactions.

PMID- 3367104
TI  - Protein does not interfere with the ion-selective electrode determination of
      calcium, sodium or potassium ions.
AB  - The protein interference with the determination of ionised Ca2+, Na+ and K+
      reported in several studies could be due to effects on liquid/liquid junction
      potentials or on the ion-selective electrodes, but could also be due to Donnan
      effects during sample preparation, e.g. ultrafiltration or dialysis. The possible
      interference of protein was studied by subjecting a bovine serum albumin
      solution, 100 g/l, to gel-filtration in Sephadex G-25 columns equilibrated with
      150 mmol/l NaCl, 5 mmol/l KCl, 20 mmol/l MOPS, pH 7.4 and varying concentrations
      of Ca2+; 0.75 and 1.25 mmol/l. The albumin was dissolved in the basic electrolyte
      solution and pH adjusted before the gel-filtration. Samples were taken for
      measurements before, during and after the elution of the protein peak. In this
      way it was ensured that the activities were not changed by the presence of
      albumin. Also the temperature, the ionic strength of the electrolyte and the
      bridge solution were varied. Ca2+, Na+ and K+ activities were measured with the
      aid of a Kone Microlyte instrument and Ca2+ in addition with the Radiometer ICA-1
      instrument or a measuring system consisting of a Philips IS 561-Ca electrode, a
      Beckman KCl reference electrode connected to the sample chamber via a 2% agarose
      bridge containing either 0.15 or 2 mol/l KCl, a pH/voltmeter and a voltage
      bucking device. No interference by protein was found.

PMID- 3367103
TI  - Contextual conditioning with massed versus distributed unconditional stimuli in
      the absence of explicit conditional stimuli.
AB  - Rats received unsignaled shocks in an observation chamber, with different groups
      varying with respect to time between shocks. Twenty-four hours later the rats
      were returned to the observation chamber for a test of conditioning to contextual
      stimuli. The freezing response served as the dependent variable. In Experiment 1
      we found that distributed shock trials (60 s) resulted in more context
      conditioning than did massed trials (3 s or 16 s). Experiment 2 replicated this
      intertrial interval (ITI) effect when total time in the context was equated for
      the massed and distributed groups. The observed beneficial effect of distributed
      practice for conditional stimuli arises because of decreased contextual
      conditioning with longer ITIs (e.g., Gibbon & Balsam, 1981; Rescorla & Wagner,
      1972). Although the basic effect of enhanced performance with longer ITIs is
      consistent with Wagner's rehearsal model (e.g., 1978), three findings argue
      against such an account. First, posttrial stimulation did not reduce the benefit
      obtained from distributed trials (Experiment 3). Second, intertrial distractors
      did not improve performance of the animals subjected to massed trials (Experiment
      4). And third, the ITI effect was not eliminated when conditioning was brought to
      its asymptote (Experiment 5). The overall pattern of data is consistent with an
      opponent-process account suggesting that in addition to supporting conditioning,
      the unconditional stimulus (US) activates a B-state capable of reducing the
      impact of the next US and that this B-state lasts longer than 16s but decays
      before 60 s.

PMID- 3367105
TI  - [Biotransformation of meclozine in the human body].
AB  - After oral administration of 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-[3-methylphenyl)
      methyl]-piperazine (1, Meclozine) eleven compounds were isolated from human urine
      and faeces. The structural elucidation of the metabolites was accomplished by
      comparison of their spectral data with those of the synthetic reference
      compounds. The metabolites were identified as: Meclozine (1), N-[(4-chlorophenyl)
      phenylmethyl]-piperazine (2), 3-(4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-piperazino)
      methyl-benzoic acid (3), 3-(4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-piperazino)-methyl
      benzamide] (4), 2-[3-(4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-piperazino)-methyl
      benzoyl ]-amino- ethanesulphonic acid (5), 3-(4-[(4-chlorophenyl)-3'-hydroxy-4'
      methoxyphenylmethyl]-piper azino)- methyl-benzoic acid (6), 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)
      phenylmethyl]-4-[(3-methylphenyl)-methyl]- piperazine-N4-oxide (7), 1-[(4
      chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]-4-[(3-methylphenyl)-methyl]- piperazine-N,N'-dioxide
      (8), 3-methyl-benzoic acid (9), 3-methyl-hippuric acid (10) and 3-methyl-benzoic
      acid-glucuronide (11). The structure of compound 11 was confirmed after enzymatic
      cleavage and identification of the aglycon. A further metabolite was detected,
      but not identified.

PMID- 3367106
TI  - [A simple and fast enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of C
      reactive protein].
AB  - The principle is based on the competitive binding of the enzyme-labelled CRP
      (enzyme: alkaline phosphatase) and the serum CRP to solid phase-bound antibodies.
      The detection limit was 10 micrograms/l. The precision in the series in the
      border-line "normal" to "pathological" (5 mg/l) was 2.9%; the precision from day
      to day at the concentration of 5 mg/l was 4.5%. Only 2 h are required for the
      whole test.

PMID- 3367107
TI  - An alternative approach to the prevention of succinyldicholine-induced apnoea.
AB  - Succinyldithiocholine was utilized as a substrate analogue of succinyldicholine
      to study normal and atypical serum pseudocholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). In the
      method, the enzyme acts on succinyldithiocholine to release thiocholine, which
      reacts with 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) to produce a coloured compound
      with maximal absorbance at 410 nm. The procedure appears to be precise (between
      day analysis gives a coefficient of variation between 1.1 and 3.7%) and amenable
      to automation, permitting routine use in any laboratory. The reference interval
      for 300 healthy adults with "usual" cholinesterase genotype was estimated to be
      34-77 U/l, with a significant difference between males and females (40-78 U/l for
      men and 33-76 U/l for women, p less than 0.01). The median activity in 105
      individuals with "heterozygous" cholinesterase genotype was 22 U/l (range 5-35
      U/l), and for 14 "atypical" homozygotes 1.5 U/l (range 1-4 U/l). The assay with
      succinyldithiocholine may offer a direct procedure for preoperative screening of
      individuals with an abnormal response to the muscle relaxant succinyldicholine,
      thus avoiding the determination of genotype by measurement of inhibitor numbers.

PMID- 3367108
TI  - Simultaneous determination of the most abundant cationic species in human urine
      by capillary isotachophoresis.
AB  - Analytical isotachophoresis has proved to be an excellent method for separation
      and quantitative measurement of ionic species in biologic fluids.
      Isotachophoretic separation of cations in presence of a complex-forming nonionic
      detergent (e.g. Triton X-100) in 98% methanol enables simultaneous quantitative
      determination of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and protonated
      creatinine in urine samples. For calcium determination in urine, lead acetate was
      used to precipitate anions that form complexes with calcium. The mean deviation
      from 100% recovery of ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and
      creatinine added to urine samples is 3.1%. The proposed method shows good
      agreement with chemical (routine) methods.

PMID- 3367109
TI  - Patients' perspectives on the quality of medical care.

PMID- 3367110
TI  - Faculty and resident practice patterns.

PMID- 3367111
TI  - Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3367112
TI  - Bulimia in family practice.

PMID- 3367113
TI  - Fluoride supplementation.

PMID- 3367114
TI  - Infertility: a family practice approach.

PMID- 3367115
TI  - Recognition and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in a family practice center.
AB  - Elevated levels of serum cholesterol are a major risk factor for coronary artery
      disease, yet few studies have investigated the extent to which practicing
      physicians recognize and treat their patients with hyperlipidemia. A
      retrospective chart review was performed on 93 patients who had documented
      cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 6.20 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) in an
      outpatient setting to determine the degree of recognition and treatment of
      hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed in 66 percent of
      patients, dietary recommendations were made in 46 percent, and lipid-lowering
      medication was prescribed in only 6 percent. Lipid profiles or high-density
      lipoprotein levels were determined in 22 percent, and thiazide diuretics were
      being prescribed for 32 percent. There was a trend toward greater recognition and
      treatment in patients with cholesterol levels greater than 7.75 mmol/L (300
      mg/dL) and in patients less than 70 years of age. These results suggest that
      physician recognition of hypercholesterolemia is greater when compared with
      previous studies, but more aggressive diagnosis and intervention are needed.
      Greater utilization of lipid-profile analysis in hypercholesterolemic patients
      should also be encouraged.

PMID- 3367116
TI  - Evaluation of the DINAMAP blood pressure monitor in an ambulatory primary care
      setting.
AB  - Automatic blood pressure recorders have gained acceptance in many clinical
      settings. New devices have usually been validated with invasive monitoring as the
      "gold standard." There is a lack of sound empirical evidence, however, supporting
      the routine use of these monitors in ambulatory settings. This study evaluated
      the DINAMAP 8100, an oscillometric automated blood pressure monitor, using the
      Hawksley Random-Zero Sphygmomanometer as the standard. A sample of 80
      normotensive and hypertensive ambulatory patients from the Department of Family
      Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina were studied. A clinical
      trial was conducted in which readings from the DINAMAP 8100 were compared with
      those from the Hawksley Random-Zero Sphygmomanometer, in a 2 (instrument) X 2
      (arm) X 2 (investigators) X 4 (pairs of simultaneous measurements) factorial
      design. The DINAMAP 8100 overestimated systolic readings (mean difference = 7.6
      +/- 9.1 mmHg, P less than .0001, paired t test). More than one third of systolic
      measurements and one quarter of diastolic measurements were greater than 10 mmHg
      discrepant from the standard. The results of this study suggest that routine use
      of the DINAMAP 8100 would lead to serious misclassification errors in screening
      for hypertension and in the follow-up of known hypertensive patients. The DINAMAP
      8100, therefore, is not an appropriate instrument for routine use in primary care
      settings.

PMID- 3367118
TI  - Stress in the clinical setting: the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument.
AB  - Integration of knowledge regarding the relationship between stress and illness
      into clinical practice has been slowed by a lack of clarity in the definition of
      stress and the difficulties involved in rapid assessment of stress in a busy
      office setting. The stimulus, response, and interactional models of stress are
      discussed, and the development of a new stress measure, the Brief Encounter
      Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI), is detailed. The reliability of this six-item
      instrument is demonstrated (Cronbach's alpha .80). Validity is measured through
      correlation with a variety of instruments measuring stress, including depression
      (r = .52, P less than .001), anxiety (r = .61, P less than .001), life change (r
      = .56, P less than .001), bodily expression of stress (r = .56, P less than
      .001), and a total stress score (r = .67, P less than .001). The BEPSI also
      demonstrated appropriate negative correlations with family cohesion (r = .29, P =
      less than .01) and support (r = .31, P = less than .01). When the single open
      ended item is strongly positive, 77 percent of patients also score high on the
      BEPSI. A negative response to the same question corresponds to a low BEPSI value
      52 percent of the time. Suggestions are made regarding clinical and research
      applications.

PMID- 3367117
TI  - Comparison of two Papanicolaou smear techniques in a family practice setting.
AB  - Papanicolaou smear adequacy is directly dependent upon endocervical cell
      recovery. Ineffective physician sampling techniques and advancing patient age are
      responsible for most inadequate smears. Two thousand four hundred seventy-eight
      routine Papanicolaou smears were reviewed from the Department of Family Practice
      and the Department of Gynecology for the presence of these cells. A retrospective
      review showed approximately 25 percent cell recovery in women aged over 45 years
      from both departments. Recovery on the family practice service, however, was 19.4
      percent greater than recovery on the gynecology service for younger women (57
      percent vs 37.6 percent). Two prospective interventions were introduced in family
      practice in an attempt to improve these rates. A combined spatula-saline swab
      technique did not improve cell recovery in either age group. A combined spatula
      Cytobrush cell collector technique, however, dramatically improved endocervical
      cell recovery by 200 percent in older women and by 57 percent in younger women.
      This method significantly improves endocervical cell recovery and may therefore
      improve the value of the Papanicolaou smear as a cancer screening test.

PMID- 3367119
TI  - Patient satisfaction with family physicians and general internists: is there a
      difference?
AB  - Although general internists and family physicians see similar types of patients,
      they have been found to have different styles of practice. It is not known
      whether these differences in practice style are associated with differences in
      outcomes of care such as patient satisfaction. This study examined whether
      patients of family physicians and general internists have different perceptions
      of the care they receive. National samples of recently trained family physicians
      and general internists were asked to complete questionnaires about their
      practices and to record information on all patient encounters during a three-day
      period. Three patients were randomly sampled from among those seen by each
      physician during the study period and were sent questionnaires that included
      questions about their satisfaction with the medical care they were receiving from
      the physician. Two hundred thirteen adult patients who saw 124 family physicians
      and 218 adult patients who saw 98 general internists participated in this study.
      Patients of general internists and of family physicians reported similar levels
      of satisfaction on all four dimensions measured (access, humaneness, quality, and
      general satisfaction) even after controlling for the effects of a variety of
      patient, practice, physician, and encounter characteristics. It is concluded that
      the fundamental differences in practice style that have been reported between
      family physicians and general internists do not seem to be associated with
      differences in patient satisfaction.

PMID- 3367121
TI  - Pap smear screening.

PMID- 3367120
TI  - Discussion of code status with outpatients.

PMID- 3367123
TI  - Directional cell movement during early development of the teleost Blennius
      pholis: I. Formation of epithelial cell clusters and their pattern and mechanism
      of movement.
AB  - Embryos of the teleost Blennius pholis provide exceptional material for
      observation of the formation and movement of cell clusters in vivo because the
      clusters are packed with melanosomes and migrate beneath the transparent
      enveloping layer. These clusters arise from two pigmented cell masses (PCM) which
      appear precociously on either side of the embryonic axis at 3/5 epiboly, at the
      future level of somites 1 and 2. As development proceeds, each PCM enlarges and
      spreads on its lateral margins to form an epithelial sheet. As spreading
      continues, the sheet fragments, forming small cell clusters that move in a distad
      direction in the yolk sac. The highly motile lateral marginal cells of the
      spreading PCM, as well as those of the marginal cells of each moving cluster,
      invariably protrude highly flattened lamellipodia, which terminate in long, fine,
      often branched filopodia. As cell clusters leave the PCM, they form long, taut
      retraction fibers. The rate of spreading of both the lateral edge of the PCM and
      the initial phase of cluster movement, is higher (1.0 micron/min or greater) than
      the later rate of cluster movement, apparently because at this phase, motile
      activity is confined to the distal borders of each. This directional migration
      ceases in 24 h at 16 degrees - 18 degrees C, when the farthest clusters have
      reached the ventral region of the yolk sac. By then, all clusters are spaced more
      or less evenly, apparently due to cessation of all cluster movement at about the
      same time. Once movement ceases, the clusters remain immobile for 2-4 days,
      depending on the temperature.

PMID- 3367122
TI  - Embryonic osmoregulation: consequences of high and low water loss during
      incubation of the chicken egg.
AB  - The rates of water loss of domestic chicken eggs were varied during incubation to
      measure the osmoregulatory ability of the avian embryo. Egg water loss was
      increased by drilling holes in the eggshell over the airspace on day 13 (I = 21
      days) and then placing these eggs in a low relative humidity (r.h.: 0-10%)
      incubator until hatch. Egg water loss was decreased by placing other eggs in a
      high-r.h. (85-90%) incubator on day 0. Eggs with low water loss (approximately 6%
      of initial fresh mass [IFM]) produced embryos and yolks that were not different
      in wet or dry mass when compared to control eggs that lost approximately 12% of
      IFM. However, 1-4 gm of excess albumen were left in low-water-loss eggs on day
      21. Hatching success was 71% and 89% for low and control eggs, respectively. Low
      egg water loss did not appear to disturb embryonic growth. The allantoic fluid
      volume and millimolar allantoic Na+ and Cl- ions declined faster with high and
      slower with low rates of water loss. Thus, excess water was lost as a result of
      increased movement of water out of allantoic fluid, which was due to increased
      active transport of Na+ ions by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Eggs with
      high water loss had elevated Cl- levels after day 17 in plasma and amniotic
      fluid, which indicated a period of osmotic stress after depletion of allantoic
      fluid between day 18 and hatch. The decrease in wet embryo mass measured in
      embryos from high-water-loss eggs was due principally to dehydration of skin.
      Embryonic skin may serve as an emergency water reservoir during osmotic stress.
      Dehydrated chicks produced from high-water-loss eggs were 6 gm less in wet mass
      at hatch compared to controls. However, these chicks regained the water deficit 7
      days after hatch and grew at a rate not different from control chicks through 6
      weeks of age. Total egg water loss of 12% of IFM results in highest hatching
      success. However, water losses between 6% and 20% of IFM do not appear to affect
      adversely the growth or water content of the chick. Water losses above 20% of IFM
      cause early depletion of allantoic fluid, prolong the period of osmotic stress,
      and result in subsequent dehydration of blood, amniotic fluid, and embryonic
      skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367125
TI  - Biophysical properties of the zona pellucida measured by capillary suction: is
      zona hardening a mechanical phenomenon?
AB  - Following fertilization, the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein shell investing
      mammalian eggs, becomes more resistant to dissolution by various agents. This
      decreased solubility, termed zona hardening, does not occur in hamsters. Thus,
      universal roles of zona hardening in the block to polyspermy and in oviductal
      interaction with embryos have been discounted. Although these roles probably have
      mechanical components, zona hardening has been assessed only as decreased
      solubility. In our studies, mouse and hamster ovulated oocytes were compared with
      2-cell embryos by capillary suction. Step changes in pipet pressure were measured
      manometrically while resulting zona deformations were determined
      videomicrographically. Both mouse and hamster zonae were more "deformable" in
      oocytes than embryos. These results suggest that mechanical zona hardening may be
      a universal phenomenon. In addition to zona hardening following fertilization, a
      "spontaneous" zona hardening phenomenon has been reported for mouse oocytes (not
      embryos) cultured in vitro. In our system, this spontaneous decrease in zona
      solubility by protease was not accompanied by a mechanical change. In contrast,
      hamster oocyte and embryo zonae became slightly more soluble, and considerably
      more deformable during 4-h culture. Thus, spontaneous zona hardening is not a
      universal phenomenon, and, while decreased solubility has been called
      "hardening", it is not always accompanied by a mechanical change.

PMID- 3367124
TI  - Thyrotropic activity of salmon pituitary glycoprotein hormones in the Hawaiian
      parrotfish thyroid in vitro.
AB  - The thyrotropic activities of salmon pituitary extract, thyroid-stimulating
      hormone (TSH), gonadotropins (GTH), and glycoprotein fractions obtained during
      purification of salmon TSH and GTH were measured using the parrotfish thyroid
      culture system. Purified salmon TSH was approximately 1,000 times more potent
      than bovine TSH in stimulating thyroxine release into the culture medium. Most of
      the forms of salmon GTH had no thyrotropic activity. One of the forms of salmon
      GTH (GTH-F) and three chromatofocusing fractions (CF-B, -C, and -E) that were
      devoid of activity in the coho salmon in vivo had some thyrotropic activity in
      the parrotfish thyroid culture. Whether the activity of these fractions was due
      to contamination with TSH, less potent forms of TSH, or inherent thyrotropic
      activity of a form of GTH is discussed. These results indicate that the
      parrotfish thyroid culture system can be used to detect thyrotropic activity of
      fractions obtained during the purification of teleost TSH.

PMID- 3367126
TI  - Back-to-basics. Survival tips for medicine.

PMID- 3367127
TI  - The demise of the independent doctor: a self-fulfilling prophecy?

PMID- 3367128
TI  - Is the gatekeeper concept legitimate or another mirage on the cost containment
      trip?

PMID- 3367129
TI  - Dr. Smith's is sick.

PMID- 3367130
TI  - High risk versus low risk--is the schism fatal?

PMID- 3367131
TI  - Typhoid Mary 1987.

PMID- 3367132
TI  - XX male: case report with overview.

PMID- 3367133
TI  - Serial assay for IGM anti-HBc in patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic
      hepatitis and its significance for long-term prognosis.
AB  - Serial assays for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti
      HBc) were performed in 51 patients with antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti
      HBe) in their sera. IgM anti-HBc was detected periodically and persistently in 8
      (53%) of 15 patients with chronic hepatitis whose serum glutamic pyruvic
      transaminase (GPT) levels were elevated and was not detected in 36 patients with
      normal serum GPT levels. Antibody to delta agent was not detected in any of the
      patients. Of the eight patients positive for IgM anti-HBc, four had a high titer
      of IgM anti-HBc and either developed liver cirrhosis (three cases) or died due to
      massive hepatic necrosis (one case); the other four showed a low level of IgM
      anti-HBc and either recovered (two cases) or developed chronic persistent
      hepatitis (two cases). Of seven patients negative for IgM anti-Hbc, two had a
      fatty liver, and five, who had a history of blood transfusion, had chronic
      hepatitis. Thus, even though anti-HBe may be present, if the titer of IgM anti
      HBc is high, the histological activity can be expected to increase, and the
      prognosis will be poor. If the titer of IgM anti-HBc is low, the histological
      activity may be expected to decrease, and the prognosis may be good. In patients
      with abnormally high serum GPT but without IgM anti-HBc, another type of
      hepatitis or a secondary form of liver disease should be considered.

PMID- 3367134
TI  - Significance of maternal and infant serum antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen
      in hepatitis B virus infection of infancy.
AB  - The significance of IgM and IgG class antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) core
      component (anti-HBc) was investigated in a study of maternal-fetal HBV
      transmission. An IgM anti-HBc response was lacking in the majority (49/53) of HBV
      infected infants. This antibody thus cannot be used as an indicator of
      transplacental infection. However, most infants who became HBsAg positive during
      the first 6 months of life acquire infection in the perinatal period rather than
      transplacentally. Passively transferred maternal IgG anti-HBc in the infant and
      additional IgM anti-HBc positively in the carrier mother have no modulating
      influence on HBV infection of infants born to HBV carrier women.

PMID- 3367135
TI  - Hepatitis B core antigen in serum during acute hepatitis B.
AB  - Hepatitis B core antigen was measured in sera of patients with acute and chronic
      hepatitis B virus infection by a modified radioimmunoassay based on high molarity
      treatment of samples to avoid masking of antigen by homologous antibody. A good
      correlation between hepatitis B core antigen levels and serum HBV-DNA was
      observed in sera obtained during chronic infection. In contrast, acute phase sera
      were often HBcAg positive but HBV-DNA negative, particularly when obtained during
      maximum liver damage. Sequential studies in 5 patients with acute hepatitis B
      showed that HBcAg positivity persisted beside HBV-DNA clearance and was often
      enhanced at the time of maximum liver damage, suggesting release of antigen from
      infected hepatocytes undergoing immunolysis, even after termination of virus
      replication.

PMID- 3367136
TI  - Immune response to hepatitis B revaccination.
AB  - Two hundred and twelve individuals who failed to respond or responded poorly to
      hepatitis B vaccination or whose anti-HBs levels had dropped below 10 IU/L at
      follow-up were revaccinated. Only 18% of initial nonresponders, but 96% of those
      who responded initially, developed anti-HBs above 10 IU/L after revaccination. In
      85% of vaccinees, anti-HBs titres after a fourth immunization were significantly
      higher than after completion of the first full immunization course, and despite a
      steeper decline of antibody levels after revaccination, anti-HBs seemed to
      persist better than after the initial course of three inoculations. All
      individuals who responded initially and in whom anti-HBs had become undetectable
      developed antibodies. Response to booster doses was seen after three to five
      days, and a fifth inoculation given to 23 individuals induced even better
      responses.

PMID- 3367137
TI  - Application of the single radial complement fixation test for serodiagnosis of
      influenza, respiratory syncytial, mumps, adeno type 3, and herpes simplex type 1
      virus infections.
AB  - A stabilized modification of the single radial complement fixation (SRCF) test in
      gel was developed for detecting various virus antibodies. The principle of the
      test is based on the use of a single-stage procedure with an agarose plate
      containing virus antigens and antibody-coated erythrocytes, and thin plastic film
      coated with complement. By filling the wells in the agar plate with a 1:4 diluted
      heat-inactivated sera and covering the agar surface with a complement film, a
      zone of unlysed cells surrounded by a hemolytic area appears after incubation
      overnight at 4 degrees C and then for 1-2 h at 37 degrees C, depending on the
      antibody titers. The SRCF antibody titer is calculated numerically from the
      square of the diameter of the unlysed cell zone. The stability of reagents could
      be significantly improved using thin complement film and several stabilizers.
      When this test was used for serodiagnosis of influenza, respiratory syncytial
      (RS), mumps, adeno virus type 3 and herpes simplex type 1 virus infections (using
      a total of 400 sera), excellent correlations were demonstrated for antibody
      titers between conventional complement fixation (CF) and SRCF titers.
      Furthermore, the expression of antibody titer as an SRCF unit with consecutive
      value, produced results sensitive to fluctuations in the antibody titers. The
      simplicity of the procedure, stability of the reagents, and excellent correlation
      with the conventional CF test might make this a useful test for routine
      serodiagnosis and seroepidemiological survey of various virus infections.

PMID- 3367138
TI  - Assessment of HBV persistent infection in an adult population in Taiwan.
AB  - In order to study the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the adult
      population of Taiwan, we screened for the presence of HBV DNA in 205 blood
      samples from adult (20-59-year-old) volunteers. According to the serological
      markers of HBV, samples were divided into three groups: group I (173 subjects)
      was negative for both HBsAg and HBeAg; group II (14 subjects) was positive for
      both HBsAg and HBeAg; and group III consisted of 18 subjects who were HBsAg
      positive but HBeAg-negative. Plasma HBV DNA was not detected in group I, but it
      was found in 85.7% and 11.8% of samples in group II and group III, respectively.
      A free-form HBV DNA was found in 14.3% of the leukocyte samples in group II.
      Furthermore, an integrated form of HBV DNA was detected in the leukocytes of two
      cases of group I who remained healthy based on clinical data. HBV DNA was also
      detected in the spermatozoa and liver cells of one of the cases.

PMID- 3367139
TI  - Clearance of pre-S2 antigen: a marker of successful interferon therapy in
      hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - The relation between viral replication, the presence of HBsAg and pre-S2 in serum
      and eventual clinical outcome has been investigated in fourteen patients
      undergoing treatment with lymphoblastoid interferon for chronic hepatitis B virus
      (HBV) infection. In four patients permanent loss of pre-S2 was accompanied by
      loss of serum HBV-DNA in association with a marked elevation of serum aspartate
      aminotransferase activity and in each of these cases HBsAg was subsequently
      cleared from serum. In contrast there was no significant fluctuation in the
      concentration of either pre-S2 or HBsAg in four cases not responding to therapy
      although substantial or complete inhibition of viral replication had been
      observed during treatment. In the third group, permanent loss of HBV-DNA was
      observed but in these cases pre-S2 and HBsAg persisted in serum, albeit at lower
      concentrations, while in this group loss of HBV-DNA from serum was not
      accompanied by a flare in disease activity. These results suggest first, that
      assay of pre-S2 is a further measure of the response to interferon and second
      that in some cases interferon enhances immune recognition of both the pre-S2 and
      HBsAg polypeptides.

PMID- 3367140
TI  - Developing instruments for cross-cultural psychiatric research.
AB  - The growth of cross-cultural psychiatry is now occurring at a time when
      psychiatry in general is emphasizing diagnostic clarity and the use of
      quantifiable and reliable methods of collecting clinical and research data. It is
      now imperative that cross-cultural psychiatry also examine its methods for
      developing instruments for use in cross-cultural research. This paper outlines a
      method for developing instruments designed in one culture for use in a second,
      and particular attention is given to cross-cultural validity or equivalence. Five
      types of equivalence are enumerated and defined: content, semantic, technical,
      criterion, and conceptual equivalence. These concepts are illustrated by examples
      from the authors' experience in research on internal migrants in Peru.

PMID- 3367141
TI  - Psychological sequelae of war. A 2-year follow-up study of Israeli combat stress
      reaction casualties.
AB  - The relationships of two stress-related intrapsychic manifestations--intrusion
      and avoidance--to combat stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder were
      assessed 1 and 2 years after the 1982 Lebanon War. The sample consisted of 285
      combat stress reaction Israeli casualties and 198 comparable control subjects.
      Results showed that higher rates of intrusion and avoidance were reported by both
      combat stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder casualties at the two
      points in time. In addition, the level of intrusion tendencies declined with
      time. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

PMID- 3367143
TI  - Symptom patterns of depression in ambulatory medical and psychiatric patients.
AB  - The failure of primary care physicians to recognize depressive disorders in
      medical patients has been attributed to the differing clinical syndromes
      presented by these persons in comparison with psychiatric patients. Earlier
      British studies have found intersector difference in the prevalence and severity
      of somatic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Our investigation with American
      patients did not replicate these findings. The need for further research along
      these lines is discussed, as are the implications for assessing depression in
      generalist and specialist practices.

PMID- 3367142
TI  - A prediction model of suicide among youth.
AB  - Epidemiological relationships were studied between adolescent (ages 15 to 24
      years) suicide rates and population shifts among adolescents. Suicide rates among
      adolescents tripled from 1956 to 1977 and have subsequently leveled off.
      Increases (and decreases) in adolescent suicide rates corresponded to increases
      (and decreases, respectively) in the proportion of adolescents in the United
      States. Opposite trends have been found among older age groups. Projected
      population fluctuations were used to predict trends in adolescent suicide rates
      to the year 2000: the current decrease in rates is predicted to continue until
      the mid-1990s. Recent data indicating a decrease in adolescent suicide rates tend
      to support the population model hypothesis. The data suggest that demographic
      variables may be of explanatory and predictive use in understanding the
      epidemiological trends of suicide. Early intervention and prevention strategies
      emerge from this model, and various social, public health, and research
      implications exist. However, the results must be viewed with caution because of
      the methodological problems inherent in using national mortality data, the
      possibility that other variables may account for the observed relationships, and
      the length of time required to test such prospective epidemiological
      propositions.

PMID- 3367144
TI  - Treated and untreated suicide attempts in substance abuse patients.
AB  - Suicidal behavior is a relatively common and serious problem in those with
      alcohol and drug problems. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics
      of 123 alcohol rehabilitation patients with and without a history of suicide
      attempts, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime
      version. Younger age was significantly related to suicide attempts, as were drug
      disorders, panic attacks, antisocial symptoms, and alcohol-related problems such
      as violence, withdrawal symptoms, and personal or occupational loss. Untreated
      suicide attempts were characterized by less serious suicidal intent and medical
      threat to life. However, alcohol- or drug-abusing individuals who have not sought
      treatment for suicidal behavior but who continue to drink or use drugs may be at
      special risk for completed suicide.

PMID- 3367145
TI  - Phenomenological overlap of multiple personality disorder and obsessive
      compulsive disorder.
AB  - Three patients with multiple personality disorder and three with obsessive
      compulsive disorder were compared on a variety of self-report measures and on two
      structured interviews. Amytal Sodium interviews had been conducted on the
      obsessive patients; alter personality-like entities claiming responsibility for
      the obsessions and compulsions were contacted in two patients. The one obsessive
      patient with no alter personality differed markedly from the other five on the
      SCL-90, the Lynfield Inventory, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale.
      Structured interviews with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule and the
      Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule also clearly differentiated this
      patient from the other five. It appears that there is a phenomenological overlap
      between multiple personality disorder and some cases of obsessive-compulsive
      disorder. Obsessive patients with prominent dissociative features may be a
      psychologically and biologically distinct subgroup.

PMID- 3367146
TI  - Comparison of DSM-III personality disorders in recovered depressed and panic
      disorder patients.
AB  - A previous report using non-DSM-III measures indicated that recovered panic
      disorder and recovered major depressive patients have similar personality traits.
      To replicate this finding on DSM-III measures, 57 recovered panic, 19 recovered
      depressed, and 40 normal subjects were compared on standardized DSM-III
      personality measures. Virtually no differences were found between recovered major
      depression and recovered panic disorder patients. However, these two groups did
      differ from normal subjects in that they were more socially insecure and
      dependent.

PMID- 3367147
TI  - Use of imipramine for attention deficit disorder in a borderline patient.
AB  - A subcategory of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who also
      meet criteria for attention deficit disorder (ADD) has recently been described.
      The present case involves a young man with BPD and ADD who failed to respond to
      methylphenidate but experienced a marked reversal of anxiety, explosiveness,
      restlessness, and affective lability when treated with imipramine. Tricyclics may
      prove to be helpful in borderlines who also meet criteria for ADD.

PMID- 3367148
TI  - Psychogenic vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as asthma.
AB  - The authors present a case of a depressed woman who had a long history of
      episodic respiratory distress that had been diagnosed as asthma. Psychiatric and
      otolaryngological evaluation revealed that the patient was suffering from
      paradoxical motion of the vocal cords (PMVC) which was associated temporally with
      psychological factors. The authors suggest that in some patients PMVC may be
      psychogenic and could be misdiagnosed as asthma. With early recognition of PMVC
      unnecessary respiratory treatment might be avoided and appropriate psychiatric
      assessment and treatment could be provided.

PMID- 3367149
TI  - Intraneuronal laminin-like molecule in the central nervous system: demonstration
      of its unique differential distribution.
AB  - Laminin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein rich in basement membrane, is a
      multifunctional molecule of approximately 1000 kDa and is known to possess a
      potent neurotrophic activity. Laminin-like immunoreactivity (LLI) was for the
      first time demonstrated in mouse and rat CNS neurons by a sensitive
      immunohistochemical technique. Transblotting of SDS-PAGE of the supernatant of
      the mouse and rat brain homogenate identified distinct 180 kDa and weak 380 kDa
      bands immunoreactive to anti-laminin and these molecules differed from authentic
      laminin subunits. The intraneuronal distribution of LLI disclosed two distinct
      patterns; LLI-1 (diffuse perikaryal stain) and LLI-2 (coarse granular stain). By
      immunoelectron microscopy, LLI was localized to the ERs in LLI-1 neurons, whereas
      it appeared to be confined to lysosomes in LLI-2 neurons. LLI-1 neurons were
      found predominantly in hippocampal pyramidal, granule and neocortical layers 1-3,
      6 neurons, in most of the striatal and thalamic neurons, and Purkinje cells. The
      majority of neurons in neocortical layers 4-5, medial septal and Meynert neurons,
      somatic motor neurons, and neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei were classified
      as LLI-2 cells. No LLI was found in hypothalamic mammillary, habenular and vagal
      dorsal motor neurons (LLI-3). These observations may indicate intraneuronal
      production of laminin-related molecules in central neurons. We speculate that the
      laminin-related molecules (neurolaminin) play important roles in trophic or servo
      mechanisms in the CNS.

PMID- 3367150
TI  - The relationship of peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathology to multiple
      sclerosis (MS)

PMID- 3367151
TI  - Screening of multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid for autoantibodies.
AB  - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, using nitrocellulose discs as solid phase
      and small sample volumes (50 microliter), was developed for the measurement of
      antibodies. This was used to screen CSF samples for autoantibodies against tissue
      components. Extracts from a selection of tissues from both "normal" and MS
      patients and from 3 glial cell lines were made in phosphate-buffered saline; in
      the case of neural and lymphoid samples the remaining particulate materials were
      subsequently solubilised with octylglucoside. The saline-soluble components were
      screened against CSF samples from MS patients (18), patients with other
      neurological disorders (10), and matched orthopaedic patients but no differences
      were found among the 3 groups. However, when the detergent-soluble components
      were screened a significant (at the P less than or equal to 0.01 level) elevation
      of reactivity towards brain was found in 6/16 MS patients and 2/12 patients with
      other neurological diseases when compared to their controls.

PMID- 3367152
TI  - Portal-systemic encephalopathy: alterations in somatosensory and brainstem
      auditory evoked potentials.
AB  - Median somatosensory and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SEP and BAEP) were
      studied in 40 patients with liver cirrhosis consequent to chronic viral
      hepatitis. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 with liver cirrhosis
      only, group 2 with hepatic failure (HF), group 3 with grade 1 or 2 hepatic
      encephalopathy (HE), and group 4 with grade 3 or 4 HE. The control group
      consisted of 10 age-matched normal subjects. The major changes occurred in the
      median cortical SEP late components (peaks after N20 and P25). From group 1 to
      group 4, there were progressive prolongation and sequential disappearance of the
      late components. Those changes in the cortical SEPs were reversible. The
      subcortical somatosensory and brainstem auditory conductions (SEP N13-N20 and
      BAEP I-V interpeak latencies) were slightly prolonged in all groups of patients.
      The present data indicate that SEP may be useful in detecting subclinical HE and
      in monitoring the clinical course of HE. The present data further indicate that
      chronic portal-systemic shunting in liver cirrhosis may result in a minimal
      impairment of cerebral function and sensory conduction in the CNS.

PMID- 3367153
TI  - Myokymia in the course of Bell's palsy. An electromyographic study.
AB  - Facial myokymia has been described in association with many morbid conditions,
      most frequently multiple sclerosis (MS) and brainstem tumors (BST). Very few
      reports deal with myokymia in the course of Bell's palsy, despite high frequency
      of the disease. A series of 88 consecutive patients with Bell's palsy is
      presented, in which serial EMG controls were performed in the initial phases of
      facial palsy. Twenty three showed myokymic activity detected by EMG, while
      clinically evident myokymia could be observed only in 8. EMG features did not
      reveal any peculiarity as compared with myokymic discharges reported in other
      pathological situations. Considering the high incidence of myokymic activity
      reported in the course of Bell's palsy, it is the authors' opinion that an
      occasional finding of myokymia, both clinically evident or detected by EMG,
      should not necessarily lead one to suspect serious aetiologies.

PMID- 3367154
TI  - Gene amplification in malignant human gliomas: clinical and histopathologic
      aspects.
AB  - Gene amplification occurs in 45-50% of malignant human gliomas (MHG). In the
      present study, 64 genetically characterized gliomas were evaluated to determine
      if tumors with amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), N
      myc, c-myc, or gli genes had distinctive histopathologic features. There was no
      significant difference in age (p = 0.10) or gender (p = 0.78) between patients
      whose tumors contained amplified genes and those whose tumors did not exhibit
      this characteristic. Although the patients with amplified genes in their tumors
      survived slightly longer than patients whose tumors had no detectable gene
      amplification, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.21).
      The 28 tumors with amplification included 24/48 (50%) glioblastoma multiforme,
      2/6 (33%) anaplastic astrocytomas and 2/5 (40%) gliosarcomas. No amplification
      was seen in one oligodendroglioma, three anaplastic mixed gliomas or one giant
      cell glioblastoma multiforme. Necrosis and endothelial proliferation were equally
      prevalent among tumors with and without amplification. Comparison of tumors with
      gene amplification and tumors without this characteristic revealed similar
      distributions of most morphologic cells types. Although prominent perivascular
      lymphocytic infiltrates were more frequent in tumors without amplification, this
      association was of borderline significance statistically. In situ hybridization
      of tumors with amplification using an EGFR mRNA probe showed intense labeling of
      different neoplastic cell types including fibrillary and protoplasmic astrocytes,
      gemistocytes, anaplastic cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Non-neoplastic
      cells such as hyperplastic endothelium within the tumors did not express
      detectable EGFR mRNA. These studies demonstrate that (a) cells with quite
      different morphology within the same tumor can contain the same genetic
      alteration; (b) tumors of identical histological appearance may have arisen and
      evolved by different molecular mechanisms; and (c) molecular analyses are
      necessary to evaluate gene amplification in MHG since this characteristic cannot
      be accurately predicted by the morphologic or clinical criteria used in this
      study.

PMID- 3367155
TI  - Sequence of central nervous system myelination in human infancy. II. Patterns of
      myelination in autopsied infants.
AB  - The timing and synchronization of postnatal myelination in the human central
      nervous system (CNS) are complex. We found eight time-related patterns of CNS
      myelination during the first two postnatal years in autopsied infants. The
      intensity of myelination was graded in 162 infants with diverse diseases on an
      ordinal scale of degrees 0-4. The Ayer method for maximum likelihood estimates
      for censored data was utilized to generate curves of the temporal changes in the
      percent of infants with degrees 0 through 4 of myelin in 62 white matter sites.
      These sites fall into eight subgroups determined by the presence or absence of
      microscopic myelin (degree 1) at birth and the median age at which mature myelin
      (degree 3) is reached. There is variability in the timing of myelination within
      and across axonal systems, and early onset of myelination is not always followed
      by early myelin maturation. We reexamined general rules governing the timing of
      myelination proposed by previous investigators, and found that those rules are
      neither complete nor inviolate, and that there is a complex interplay among them.
      This study specifies distinct periods of maturation in which myelinating pathways
      are potentially vulnerable to insult during the first two postnatal years.

PMID- 3367156
TI  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of the brain in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease have long been considered
      to be neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuritic (senile) plaques (SP). Neither
      of these structures, however, are unique to Alzheimer's disease, and both
      probably represent end-stage markers of the disorder. NFT have been demonstrated
      in many disorders; SP occur in small numbers with normal aging. Evidence is
      presented for elevation of phosphomonoesters (PME) in Alzheimer's brain compared
      to non-Alzheimer's diseased controls and normal controls. The PME detected by 31P
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of autopsy brain are predominantly
      anabolic precursors of membrane phospholipids. Elevated PME could be secondary to
      a metabolic block at the rate-limiting enzyme in membrane phospholipid synthesis,
      which is cytidine triphosphate (CTP): phosphocholine (or phosphoethanolamine)
      cytidyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.15). Elevated PME could also be secondary to
      decreased breakdown of PME by phospholipase D activity. Since CTP: phosphocholine
      cytidyltransferase is inactivated by phosphorylation and since there is
      independent evidence for hyperphosphorylation of tau and MAP-2 proteins in AD
      brain, enhanced protein kinase activity could be a common factor. Preliminary
      evidence suggests that PME could interact with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and
      potentially act as false neurotransmitters. Further studies will be needed to
      investigate these possibilities.

PMID- 3367157
TI  - Brain hemosiderin and superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.
AB  - Brain tissue from five patients with superficial siderosis of the central nervous
      system was examined by immunocytochemistry for ferritin, glial fibrillary acidic
      protein (GFAP), alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and by lectin
      affinity cytochemistry with biotinylated Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1).
      The sections were pretreated with 2,2'-dipyridyl and sodium hydrosulfite to
      remove iron and to reveal the antigenic sites. In siderotic cerebellar cortex,
      ferritin reaction product occurred in the hemosiderin matrix, the cell bodies and
      processes of Bergmann glia, and in microglia. Astrocytes other than Bergmann glia
      did not contain ferritin reaction product. RCA-1 stained microglia and
      hemosiderin whereas antisera to alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
      only reacted with iron-depleted granules. The selective vulnerability of the
      eighth cranial nerve was explained by the presence of ferritin-reactive and
      lectin-positive microglia. Hemosiderin isolated from frozen cerebellum contained
      ferritin, GFAP, and vimentin. The presence of the intermediate filament proteins
      was likely due to co-localization with hemosiderin granules in Bergmann glia. The
      ability of the brain to biosynthesize ferritin in response to prolonged contact
      with hemoglobin iron is thought to be the most important factor in the
      pathogenesis of superficial siderosis. The great severity of the lesion in the
      exposed cerebellar cortex is readily explained by accelerated ferritin
      biosynthesis in Bergmann glia.

PMID- 3367158
TI  - Distribution of albumin-like immunoreactivity in rat sciatic nerve after nerve
      crush injury.
AB  - To understand better the role of local factors in the response of peripheral
      nerve to crush injury, we studied the distribution of albumin-like
      immunoreactivity (A-LI) in the rat sciatic nerve from one day to eight weeks (wk)
      after a crushing injury; we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In the
      nerve distal to the crush degenerating axons demonstrated intra-axonal A-LI, and
      by one wk most of the Schwann cells also showed A-LI. As regenerating sprouts
      entered the distal nerve, those Schwann cells in contact with sprouts lost their
      A-LI, while those cells not in contact with axons retained immunoreactivity up to
      eight wk after injury. Proximal to the nerve crush many axons showed intra-axonal
      A-LI from one to two wk after injury, despite appearing normal ultrastructurally.
      This immunoreactivity diminished as the distance from the crush site increased.
      Many Schwann cells proximal to the crush also showed A-LI from one to four wk
      after injury. These findings suggest that an albumin-like protein may play a role
      in the response of Schwann cells and axons to injury.

PMID- 3367159
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with hypocalcaemia after
      parathyroidectomy.
AB  - The effects of hypocalcaemia on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were
      studied in five patients after parathyroidectomy. Despite normal latencies the
      mean value of amplitudes of the SEPs in hypocalcaemic patients was greater than
      that in normocalcaemic subjects. Recovery functions of the SEPs showed a
      significant decrease in hypocalcaemic patients at interstimulus intervals of
      about 10 ms compared with those in normocalcaemic patients and in normal
      volunteers. Recovery functions appear to be a valid indicator of synaptic
      efficacy, especially for evaluation of the reduction in conduction efficacy of
      the central nervous system in hypocalcaemia.

PMID- 3367160
TI  - Chronic borrelia encephalomyeloradiculitis with severe mental disturbance:
      immunosuppressive versus antibiotic therapy.
AB  - A 57-year-old male was repeatedly admitted to hospital because of complex
      neurological symptoms, including radicular pain, disturbance of micturition,
      seizures, and severely impaired mental state. The diagnosis was
      encephalomyeloradiculitis possibly of viral origin, and treatment with
      immunosuppressants was initiated. An alternating course with a tendency towards
      improvement ensued. Two and a half years after the occurrence of the initial
      symptoms, identification of specific antibodies in the blood and CSF led to the
      diagnosis of borreliosis with CNS involvement. High-dose therapy with penicillin
      rapidly reduced the symptoms, beginning with those of radicular pain and followed
      by an improvement of the mental state. Attention is directed to the wide spectrum
      of clinical symptoms of chronic borreliosis with CNS involvement. Previous
      reports that immunosuppression may result in some improvement but with a tendency
      towards relapse are confirmed. Our encouraging treatment results support those of
      other reports that penicillin therapy may lead to improvement even at late
      chronic stages in patients with severe CNS deficits.

PMID- 3367162
TI  - Fibre density, amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit potentials and conventional EMG
      recordings from the anterior tibial muscle in patients with amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis. A study on 51 cases.
AB  - Fibre density and amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit potentials were studied and
      compared with conventional EMG in the anterior tibial muscles from 51 patients
      with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The fibre density was increased in 46
      muscles. Increased amplitudes of macro-EMG motor unit action potentials were
      found in 46 muscles, while the mean duration of motor unit potentials recorded
      with a concentric needle electrode was prolonged in only 26 muscles. Changes in
      the packing density of muscle fibres of surviving motor units are thought to
      influence the different electrophysiological parameters in different ways.

PMID- 3367161
TI  - Glucose metabolism as the site of the primary abnormality in early-onset dementia
      of Alzheimer type?
AB  - Global cerebral blood flow, oxidative brain metabolism, and the cerebral
      arteriovenous differences of amino acids and ammonia were studied in 20
      clinically diagnosed patients with early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT).
      Eleven healthy age-matched subjects and 15 healthy young volunteers served as
      controls. The most prominent abnormality in patients with early-onset DAT was a
      44% reduction in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose and a fourfold increase
      of lactate production, whereas cerebral blood flow and the cerebral metabolic
      rate of oxygen were found not to be altered. The cerebral amino-N balance
      substantially changed in patients with early-onset DAT, showing a massive loss of
      amino acids and ammonia from the brain, which was indicative of excess protein
      catabolism due to cell degeneration in the acutely diseased brain. The
      abnormality found in glucose metabolism may suggest a perturbed control of
      glycolytic breakdown of glucose and its first oxidation step at the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex level, this thus being of pivotal significance in early
      onset DAT.

PMID- 3367164
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation with crossed total hemiatrophy: a case report.
AB  - A case of crossed total hemiatrophy (right side of the face, and left side of the
      trunk and left extremities) with a right precentral to central arteriovenous
      malformation is reported. The atrophy of trunk and extremities was well accounted
      for by the contralateral arteriovenous malformation, but a pathological early
      auditory response was the only brainstem sign possibly related to the facial
      atrophy.

PMID- 3367163
TI  - Computed tomography in reversible ischaemic attacks: clinical and prognostic
      correlations in a prospective study.
AB  - Two hundred and nineteen patients admitted with reversible atherothrombotic
      ischaemic attacks were prospectively evaluated by computed tomography. Of these
      patients, 122 were diagnosed as suffering from transient ischaemic attacks, 58
      from reversible ischaemic neurological deficits and 39 from reversible ischaemic
      neurological deficits with incomplete resolution. In 133 cases the ischaemic
      event affected the carotid system, in 63 the vertebrobasilar system and in 23
      cases the system could not be determined. Brain infarctions were observed in 64
      patients (29.2%), cerebral atrophy in 96 (44.4%) and dilatation of a ventricle in
      17 (7.8%). The frequency of brain infarction was related to the duration of the
      neurological deficit, being 20.5% in those with transient ischaemic attacks,
      37.9% in those with reversible ischaemic neurological deficits and 43.6% in
      patients with reversible ischaemic neurological deficits with incomplete
      resolution (P = 0.005). Ischaemic lesions were closely correlated with
      abnormalities on supra-aortic trunk angiography or Doppler ultrasonography.
      During an average follow-up period of 21 months, a higher percentage of
      recurrence was found in those patients with CT infarctions, but the difference
      was not significant.

PMID- 3367165
TI  - Primidone and essential tremor.
AB  - To clarify whether primidone itself, and not only its metabolite phenobarbitone,
      suppresses essential tremor, the effect of a high single dose of primidone was
      tested. Of 11 patients, 8 showed a reduction of their tremor by 54%-69% for up to
      28 h. The serum concentration of primidone was as expected, whereas those of the
      metabolites phenyl-ethyl-malonamide and phenobarbitone were very low. The tremor
      suppression can thus be considered to be an effect of primidone. Three of the 11
      patients did not show a reduction of tremor.

PMID- 3367166
TI  - Intravenous natural beta interferon treatment of chronic exacerbating-remitting
      multiple sclerosis: clinical response and MRI/CSF findings.
AB  - A preliminary study is reported of clinical response and CSF/MRI findings in nine
      patients with multiple sclerosis receiving intravenous infusions of natural beta
      interferon. The mean patient follow-up was for 1.2 years. Neither exacerbation
      rates nor CSF-IgG synthesis nor plaque formation as revealed by MRI showed a
      significant reduction during therapy. One patient developed a severe exacerbation
      of multiple sclerosis shortly after interferon infusion.

PMID- 3367167
TI  - The significance of simultaneous estimation of serum creatine kinase and
      myoglobin in neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) levels were measured in patients
      with different neuromuscular diseases, carriers of X-linked Duchenne-type
      muscular dystrophy and normal volunteers. The highest levels were found in
      Duchenne dystrophy and both values decreased in parallel with age. In patients
      suffering from limb-girdle dystrophy the increases in CK activity and Mb
      concentration were also pronounced. However, there were families with normal and
      others with elevated CK and Mb levels in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. In
      neurogenic atrophies both CK and Mb levels generally increased only slightly.
      Serum Mb and CK levels have similar values as indicators of muscle damage in
      primary and secondary skeletal muscle disorders. The serum Mb level helps in the
      detection of carriers but is not more sensitive than CK measurement.

PMID- 3367168
TI  - Geographical distribution of mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease in Lower
      Saxony (Federal Republic of Germany).
AB  - Using the official mortality statistics for the 46 districts of Lower Saxony
      (Federal Republic of Germany) for the years 1975-1977, the geographical
      distribution of mortality from cerebrovascular disease was studied. Only in women
      was a slight tendency towards higher rates in rural areas found. There were only
      moderate correlations with the rates for ischaemic heart disease and no
      statistically significant correlations with the rates for diseases of peripheral
      vessels.

PMID- 3367169
TI  - Intermittent penile erection in lumbar canal stenosis.

PMID- 3367170
TI  - Vertebrobasilar insufficiency in rheumatoid atlanto-axial subluxation: a case
      report with angiographic demonstration of left vertebral artery occlusion.

PMID- 3367171
TI  - Causation revisited.

PMID- 3367172
TI  - Sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer: the Kaiser Permanente
      Multiphasic Evaluation Study.
AB  - The Kaiser Permanente Multiphasic Evaluation Study is often cited as evidence
      from a randomized trial that screening sigmoidoscopy reduces mortality from
      colorectal cancer. To examine the role of sigmoidoscopy in this reduction, we
      reviewed the 110 incident cases of colorectal cancer occurring among the 10,713
      subjects from randomization in 1964 through 1982. Tumor stage at diagnosis,
      location, mode of discovery, and current mortality status were determined for
      each. We also reanalyzed chart review data for the years 1965 through 1974 to
      assess the difference in exposure to sigmoidoscopy between groups. Study group
      subjects, who were urged to have annual multiphasic health checkups (MHC), had
      both a lower cumulative incidence (4.3 vs 6.7 cases per 1000 persons) and a
      better stage distribution (86 vs 54% Stage B or better) than nonurged control
      subjects for colorectal cancers arising within reach of the sigmoidoscope. The
      lowered incidence accounted for two-thirds of the total difference in mortality.
      No appreciable difference in removal of colorectal polyps was seen between
      groups. Only a slight excess in exposure to sigmoidoscopy was seen in the study
      group (30 vs 25% of subjects examined at least once between 1965 and 1974), which
      was unlikely to account for more than a small fraction of the study group's
      decrease in mortality. Although the Multiphasic Evaluation Study did find a
      significantly lower mortality from colorectal cancer in the study group, it did
      not achieve a substantial difference in exposure to sigmoidoscopy. Its results
      are therefore inconclusive with respect to sigmoidoscopy and should not be used
      as evidence either for or against sigmoidoscopic screening.

PMID- 3367173
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of disease duration and control in young adults with type I
      diabetes.
AB  - Self-report questionnaires completed by young adults with Type I diabetes were
      examined to determine if individuals differing in recent metabolic control (Poor,
      Moderate or Very Good) or disease duration (Long, Short) also vary in either
      occurrence or type of life events during the past year or occurrence of recent
      emotional distress. Subjects in Poor control reported more positive and neutral
      life events during the past year, suggesting even those life changes individuals
      view benignly may be associated with metabolic control difficulties. Individuals
      in Poor control also reported more recent symptoms of depression, anxiety and
      hostility than did individuals in Moderate or Very Good control--symptomatology
      which may further impair their ability to adhere to a complex self-care regimen.
      Individuals with Long disease duration reported more positive and negative recent
      life experiences than did subjects with Short disease duration, but did not
      evidence concomitant disruptions in metabolic control. The role experience with a
      chronic disease may play in this finding was unclear, however. Although more
      research is required to clarify the exact relation of psychosocial variables and
      diabetic control, these findings suggest that clinically relevant subgroup
      parameters, subjects' perceptions of life change, and demographic variables may
      be important factors to assess.

PMID- 3367174
TI  - Improved survival for frail elderly inpatients on a geriatric evaluation unit
      (GEU): who benefits?
AB  - Previously reported data from a randomized controlled trial showed that admission
      to the geriatric evaluation unit (GEU) and follow-up clinic at the Sepulveda VA
      Medical Center leads to significantly improved outcomes for frail elderly
      hospital patients--including a 50% reduction of one-year mortality (p less than
      0.005). In the present paper, two-year survival curves for GEU and control groups
      are reported. In addition, we subdivided the population by potential baseline
      risk factors (both patient- and treatment-related) and examined one-year survival
      using 12-month survival curves and odds ratios. There is evidence for GEU-related
      survival effects in specific subgroups of patients (e.g. patients with heart and
      pulmonary disease, patients with low baseline scores in functional status and
      mental status, and patients with high baseline morale scores). Finally, employing
      stepwise logistic regression, we determined the predictors of one-year survival
      in the pooled study population. These factors were: assignment to the GEU
      (adjusted odds ratio = 2.45; p less than 0.001); not having a heart diagnosis
      (2.24; p less than 0.001); and having primarily "geriatric/rehabilitation"
      problems (1.95; p less than 0.005). A predictive model derived from the
      regression defines patient subgroups likely to survive only when assigned to the
      GEU: cardiac patients with primarily "geriatric" or "rehabilitation" problems,
      and non-cardiac patients whose problems are primarily "medical". The dramatic
      effect of the GEU on survival appears to be concentrated on certain identifiable
      subgroups of patients who might be targeted to maximize program cost
      effectiveness.

PMID- 3367175
TI  - Development of a Crohn's index for survey research.
AB  - Current Crohn's disease activity indices are not suitable for survey research
      because they rely on information from the laboratory or physical examination. We
      used data from a multicenter controlled trial of adjuvant sulfasalazine to
      develop an index of Crohn's disease activity based on information which could be
      obtained exclusively by interview. The study population consisted of 89 actively
      symptomatic patients seen on 1082 occasions in eight medical centers. Multiple
      regression analyses identified three variables which predicted the ratings of
      physicians: stool frequency, abdominal pain and sense of well-being. The new
      index correlated very well (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001) with the Crohn's Disease
      Activity Index from which it was derived. The index may be used in epidemiologic
      studies to accurately place patients into quartiles of disease severity which
      correspond to similar quartiles of the CDAI.

PMID- 3367176
TI  - A weight shape index for assessing risk of disease in 44,820 women.
AB  - The medical literature gives ample evidence of the relationship between obesity
      and specific diseases such as adult-onset diabetes and hypertension. Until
      recently the sole focus of the relationship has been between morbidity and the
      degree of overweight which is usually measured as weight relative to height.
      Recently we have shown that the location of body fat is not only associated with
      morbidity but that this relationship is independent of the total amount of
      adipose tissue. Clinical studies have shown that adipocyte size, location and
      metabolism are related to fat distribution. An excess of large fat cells in the
      upper body explains the increase risk of diabetes in women. The location of body
      fat has been used to delineate three body types: gynoid (pear shape),
      intermediate, and android (apple shape). We used waist girth divided by hip girth
      for scaling body shape and found that it is associated with morbidity after
      adjustment for relative weight. The use of relative weight and body shape
      simultaneously gives a better estimate of risk of morbidity than either alone.
      This study of 44,820 women presents easy to read graphs, derived from the
      multiple logistic model, which will permit practicing physicians to estimate
      visually the combined risks associated with relative weight and body fat
      location.

PMID- 3367177
TI  - Prevalence of radiologically defined osteoarthritis in the finger and wrist
      joints of adult residents of Tecumseh, Michigan, 1962-65.
AB  - Radiographs of the fingers and wrists of adult participants in the Tecumseh
      Community Health Study in 1962-65 were examined for signs of osteoarthritis (OA).
      The severity of OA for each of 32 joints of the fingers and wrists was recorded
      for each individual. Attention was restricted to the 3035 participants who were
      32 years of age or older and for whom a diagnosis of OA was available for each of
      32 joints. Joint-specific prevalence rates of OA increased sharply with age for
      both sexes, and at the older ages, the prevalence rates for most joints were
      higher for females. Older individuals with OA also had a greater number of
      affected joints, with females having a greater number of affected joints than
      males. Of those individuals aged 44 years or younger, only 6.2% had one or more
      joints affected with OA. The percentages were 21.6 and 42.0% for those aged 45-59
      years and 60 or more years, respectively. The distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints
      were the most frequently affected joints in all age categories for both sexes and
      OA in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints was positively associated with OA
      in the DIP joints. However, controlling for the number of affected DIP joints,
      the PIP joints of older subjects were more likely to exhibit OA than the PIP
      joints of younger subjects. Though there is an association between OA in the DIP
      and PIP joints, there was only a small, nonsignificant association (OR = 1.24,
      95% CI = 0.83, 1.84) between disease in the DIP and PIP joints of the same
      finger.

PMID- 3367178
TI  - Measuring the wellbeing of family caregivers using the time trade-off technique.
AB  - In the absence of a quality of life instrument which is applicable to the
      caregivers of elderly relatives and amenable to a cost-utility analyses, the
      Caregiver Quality of Life Instrument (CQLI) was developed using Torrance's time
      trade-off technique. The CQLI was administered to 30 family caregivers and 10
      relatives of well elderly. Utility scores were obtained for three standardized
      caregiver situations and the subject's own state. The CQLI could be completed by
      almost all subjects. Good test-retest reliability was established. The subjects
      were able to discriminate between degrees of caregiver wellbeing using
      standardized states and the CQLI scores discriminated among groups of subjects.
      The CQLI detected within-subject change in caregivers whose relatives received
      institutional respite care. The CQLI appears to be feasible, reliable, valid, and
      responsive to change. Further CQLI applications and research are recommended.

PMID- 3367179
TI  - Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Thus far little is known about the dose-response relationship between birth
      weight and the amount of maternal smoking during pregnancy. The purpose of this
      report is to describe the effects of smoking intensity, duration, and timing on
      birth weight with the use of three measures of exposure: self-reported daily
      consumption, self-reported cumulative consumption, and salivary thiocyanate. Data
      were obtained on 867 single live-born infants and their mothers who participated
      in a randomized anti-smoking intervention trial. Smoking was measured for the
      women at about 15 weeks gestation and again during the eighth month. Although all
      indicators of dose, as derived from early or late pregnancy smoking measures,
      were significantly associated with birth weight, whether or not the mother had
      quit smoking by the time of the 8th month follow-up was almost as predictive as
      any dose variable. For women who quit smoking before 30 weeks gestation, neither
      the duration nor the amount of smoking earlier in pregnancy was an important
      determinant of birth weight.

PMID- 3367180
TI  - Evaluation of diagnostic tests with multiple diagnostic categories.
AB  - The evaluation of diagnostic tests attempts to obtain one or more statistical
      parameters which can indicate the intrinsic diagnostic utility of a test.
      Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value are not appropriate for this use.
      The likelihood ratio has been proposed as a useful measure when using a test to
      diagnose one of two disease states (e.g. disease present or absent). In this
      paper, we generalize the likelihood ratio concept to a situation in which the
      goal is to diagnose one of several non-overlapping disease states. A formula is
      derived to determine the post-test probability of a specific disease state. The
      post-test odds are shown to be related to the pre-test odds of a disease and to
      the usual likelihood ratios derived from considering the diagnosis between the
      target diagnosis and each alternate in turn. Hence, likelihood ratios derived
      from comparing pairs of diseases can be used to determine test utility in a
      multiple disease diagnostic situation.

PMID- 3367181
TI  - An application of capture-recapture methods to the estimation of completeness of
      cancer registration.
AB  - Completeness of cancer registration has not been consistently ascertained across
      different registries. This report describes how capture-recapture methods have
      been used to estimate completeness at the Ontario Cancer Registry. The method was
      applied in two fashions; first, using three data sources in a modeling approach:
      and second, using two data sources and standard, simple capture-recapture
      methods. The modeling approach is more flexible, since several variables that
      influence cancer registration can be considered and can be used to identify
      reporting patterns of different data sources. In the present analysis, estimates
      of completeness of the registry as a whole were remarkably similar using either
      two or three data sources, and site-specific comparisons differed by at most 7%.
      Because of the advantages of capture-recapture methods-estimation of level of
      completeness, possible comparability of estimates across different registries,
      and versatility to consider other determinants of cancer registration-a plea for
      greater use of these methods in cancer registration is made.

PMID- 3367182
TI  - Resolving conflicting clinical trials: guidelines for meta-analysis.
AB  - Contradictory results among randomized clinical trials addressing similar
      questions are common and occur when the conclusions of different groups of
      investigators disagree, or when the results of several trials are statistically
      inconclusive. Meta-analysis, a term used to describe the process of evaluating
      and combining the results of conflicting studies, has been proposed as a method
      for reconciling the contradictory results. In this review of meta-analyses, we
      distinguish between the pooled and methodologic techniques, described the highly
      variable strategies used, and propose guidelines for improving the conduct of
      meta-analyses. In pooled analyses the results of multiple clinical trials are
      combined and the outcome is compared for patients receiving the principal and
      comparative therapy. In methodologic analyses the clinical trials are judged
      according to a set of standards used to assess scientific validity and clinical
      applicability. Since neither technique alone appeared satisfactory for resolving
      the conflicting results, we propose an approach to meta-analysis that requires
      methodologic criteria to identify scientifically valid studies, and pooling
      criteria to combine data from each of the studies. We believe this new strategy
      of meta-analysis will have enhanced scientific validity and clinical
      applicability.

PMID- 3367183
TI  - Future shock and Oregon's learned professions.

PMID- 3367184
TI  - Dose-response in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy by a single
      infusion of the bisphosphonate AHPrBP.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with malignant hypercalcemia were treated with a single dose
      of 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1- bisphosphonate (AHPrBP, previously APD), a
      potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In order to establish a
      dose-response in humans, patients were divided into four groups receiving 30 mg,
      45 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg, respectively, as a 24-hour infusion. Initial plasma
      calcium was similar in all groups, except in the group receiving 90 mg, of which
      some patients had higher initial values. All patients responded to AHPrBP with a
      rapid decrease of plasma calcium concentration from 3.47 +/- 0.10 mmol/L at day 0
      to 2.43 +/- 0.06 at day 6 (P less than .001). Plasma calcium became normal within
      four to six days in 43 patients. Eight of the nine patients whose calcium did not
      become normal were in the low-dose (30 and 45 mg of AHPrBP) groups. Slight and
      asymptomatic hypocalcemia occurred in only tow of the 26 patients in the low-dose
      groups, but in six of the 26 patients in the high-dose groups. A follow-up study
      in 40 patients showed that hypercalcemia recurred within 1 month in five of ten
      patients in the group receiving 30 mg, in three of ten patients in the group
      receiving 45 mg, and in one of 20 patients in the groups receiving 60 and 90 mg,
      whereas mortality was almost identical in all four groups. In all groups, plasma
      phosphate, plasma creatinine, urinary calcium, and hydroxyproline excretion
      decreased significantly. In conclusion, when administered as a single-day
      infusion in the treatment of tumor hypercalcemia, AHPrBP leads to a dose
      dependent decrease in plasma calcium. To prevent transient hypocalcemia and early
      relapse, the optimal dose should be adapted to the degree of severity of
      hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3367185
TI  - Testicular lymphoma: improved outcome with early brief chemotherapy.
AB  - We investigated the impact of early brief chemotherapy on the natural history of
      primary testicular lymphoma. We compared the outcome for patients seen before
      1980--a group primarily managed with orchiectomy and regional radiation--with
      those seen from 1980 to 1986--a prospectively and consecutively gathered group
      who were offered brief chemotherapy in addition to standard orchiectomy and
      irradiation. The historical and study groups were similar in clinical
      characteristics. However, the chemotherapy group had a better relapse-free
      survival, 93% v 50% (P less than .02), and overall survival, 93% v 50% (P less
      than .02). With a median follow-up of 44 months in the chemotherapy group, it is
      clear that the use of early, brief chemotherapy strongly alters the natural
      history of testicular lymphoma by preventing relapses, the large majority of
      which occur early after regional therapy. We conclude that a program
      incorporating orchiectomy, early brief chemotherapy, and involved-field radiation
      therapy confers the following benefits on patients with primary testicular
      lymphoma: (1) laparotomy is not needed for staging; (2) relapses, including those
      in the opposite testicle and CNS, are largely prevented; and (3) toxicity can be
      kept to a modest level acceptable in elderly patients.

PMID- 3367186
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the
      anal canal.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with documented squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal
      canal underwent prospective serial collection of 101 serum samples for
      radioimmunoassay of SCC antigen to evaluate regression or progression of disease.
      Eighteen presented with primary SCC of the anal canal, two with metastatic
      disease, and one with a recurrence in the perineum. Median follow-up was 18
      months. Thirteen of 22 serum samples were true-positives, and nine of 22 were
      false-negatives. Four of 79 serum samples were false-positives and 75 of 79 were
      true-negatives. The sensitivity of this test is 59% and the specificity is 95%,
      with the accuracy of a positive test being 76%.

PMID- 3367187
TI  - Stage IA to IIB mediastinal Hodgkin's disease: three-dimensional volumetric
      assessment of response to treatment.
AB  - From 1979 to 1986, the response to treatment of 53 patients with stage IA to IIB
      mediastinal Hodgkin's disease was evaluated by three-dimensional volumetric
      analysis using thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean initial volume
      of mediastinal disease in 34 patients treated with mantle and para-aortic
      irradiation was 166 mL, whereas for 19 patients treated with two to six cycles of
      multiagent chemotherapy and mantle and para-aortic irradiation the mean initial
      volume was 446 mL. Preliminary data suggested that patients with mediastinal
      volumes of less than 200 mL had a lower mediastinal relapse rate (13%) than
      patients with volumes greater than 200 mL (32%). For 12 patients receiving six
      cycles of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP),
      those with a greater than 85% reduction in volume 1 to 2 months after
      chemotherapy had a lower incidence of mediastinal relapse (zero of six, 0%)
      compared with patients having 85% or less reduction in volume (four of six, 67%).
      The primary value of this technique is that it provides a sensitive assessment of
      response to treatment and may aid in monitoring the effectiveness of a given
      treatment.

PMID- 3367189
TI  - Radiation therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's
      sarcoma.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) received 80
      courses of radiation therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Pain and other symptoms
      due to mass effects were well controlled, but KS lesions often persisted in
      irradiated sites. Acute radiation toxicity to doses of approximately 2,000 cGy in
      ten fractions to the oral cavity and/or the foot were significant and may limit
      the dose and the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with the epidemic form of
      KS.

PMID- 3367188
TI  - Treatment of the patient with stage M0 soft tissue sarcoma.
AB  - During the period 1971 to 1985, 220 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the
      extremities, torso, and head-neck region were managed by radiation and
      resectional surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Actuarial 5-year
      local control and disease-free survival rates were 86% and 70%, respectively. The
      success rate improved during this time period. Namely, the local control rates
      for 1971 to 1975, 1976 to 1980, and 1981 to 1985 were 81%, 81%, and 94%,
      respectively. For the same time periods, the 5-year disease-free survival rates
      were 64%, 70%, and 76%. One hundred thirty-one patients were treated with
      postoperative radiation, and 89 with preoperative radiation. In the most recent 5
      year period, the local control rates were 91% and 97% for the two groups (number
      of patients being 50 and 57 in the post- and preoperative groups, respectively).
      Treatment by preoperative radiation appears to have a major advantage for
      patients with very large sarcomas, ie, greater than 15 cm in maximum dimension.
      None of our patients with local control of grade 1 sarcoma have developed distant
      metastasis (DM). In contrast, among patients with grade 2 or 3 sarcomas, there is
      a relentless and progressive increase in the frequency of DM with size of the
      primary lesion, namely, 6% at less than or equal to 2.5 cm, congruent to 60% at
      15 to 20 cm, and congruent to 80% at greater than 20 cm.

PMID- 3367190
TI  - Assessing the effect of toxicity on prognosis: methods of analysis and
      interpretation.
AB  - There has recently been an increased interest in and reporting of the association
      between toxicity and treatment outcome in cancer clinical trials. Such
      comparisons may be used to suggest mechanisms by which cytotoxic agents function
      in the cancer patient, especially regarding the importance of the effect of dose
      on the individual patient. However, analyses of "time-to-failure" outcomes such
      as survival by toxicity are subject to bias due to the time-dependence of both
      the predictor and outcome variables. In addition, interpretation of even
      appropriately conducted statistical analyses is problematic, as with analyses of
      survival by outcome variables such as response. The use of statistical
      methodology designed to avoid such biases in these comparisons is shown and the
      problems in the interpretation of results are discussed.

PMID- 3367192
TI  - High-dose cisplatin in elderly patients.

PMID- 3367191
TI  - Clinical modulation of doxorubicin resistance by the calmodulin-inhibitor,
      trifluoperazine: a phase I/II trial.
AB  - Drug resistance to chemotherapy agents such as doxorubicin appears to be an
      important cause of therapeutic failure in cancer treatment. Based on preclinical
      information demonstrating that the phenothiazine calmodulin-inhibitor
      trifluoperazine can enhance retention and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in
      resistant cells, a phase I/II trial of the combination was performed to determine
      the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of trifluoperazine that could be administered
      with doxorubicin. Patients with intrinsic (no previous response) and acquired
      (previous response with relapse) doxorubicin resistance were eligible.
      Doxorubicin was administered as a 96-hour continuous infusion (60 mg/m2) on days
      2 through 5. Trifluoperazine was administered in divided doses orally on days 1
      through 6, with dose escalation from 20 to 100 mg/d. Thirty-six patients were
      evaluable. The MTD of trifluoperazine was 60 mg/d, with dose-limiting toxicity
      being extrapyramidal side effects. No alteration of doxorubicin toxicity was
      observed. Seven of the 36 patients responded (one complete response [CR], six
      partial responses [PR]), with seven of 21 patients having acquired resistance,
      and zero of 15 with intrinsic resistance demonstrating responses. Doxorubicin
      plasma levels were not affected by trifluoperazine, and the maximal
      trifluoperazine plasma levels achieved were 129.83 ng/mL. This trial demonstrates
      the combination of trifluoperazine and doxorubicin is well tolerated, and the
      schedule recommended for phase II trials is doxorubicin, 60 mg/m2 (continuous
      infusion) days 2 through 5, and trifluoperazine, 15 mg four times per day orally
      days 1 through 6. Continued investigation of this combination is indicated for
      patients with acquired doxorubicin resistance.

PMID- 3367193
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix: chemotherapy, toxicity, and survival.

PMID- 3367194
TI  - Neural correlations in the dorsal cochlear nucleus: pairs of units with similar
      response properties.
AB  - 1. Cross-correlation analysis of simultaneously recorded spike trains can be used
      to gain insight into functional interactions among neurons. In this paper, we
      report on cross-correlation analysis of neuron pairs in the dorsal cochlear
      nucleus (DCN) of the cat. Neuron pairs were isolated with two independent
      electrodes, which allow systematic study of the effects on correlation of
      distances between units and differences in their best frequencies (BFs). The data
      in this paper were obtained from 51 pairs consisting of two neurons of the same
      type. 2. Cross-correlograms were obtained for 35 pairs composed of type IV units,
      which are recorded from the principal cells of the DCN. Pairs of type IV units
      with correlated activities give cross-correlograms with increased correlation
      near zero delay. This feature is called a central mound (CM) and most likely
      results from shared excitatory or shared inhibitory inputs. 3. Records of
      spontaneous activity were obtained from 31 pairs of type IV units. Six of these
      pairs have correlated spontaneous activities. All six pairs have BFs that differ
      by less than 0.2 octaves. The shared input inducing these correlations must be a
      spontaneously active and tonotopically organized projection, like the auditory
      nerve. Type II units, thought to be DCN inhibitory interneurons that project to
      type IV units, are not spontaneously active, and thus cannot be the cause of
      correlated spontaneous activity. Similarly, cochlear granule cells, whose axons
      project orthogonally to the tonotopic sheets of DCN, cannot be the cause of
      correlated spontaneous activity because their projection is not confined
      tonotopically. 4. Stimulus-driven activities were studied for 12 type IV pairs
      that have uncorrelated spontaneous activities. Five of these pairs have
      correlated driven activities, with CMs whose sizes depend on the frequency and
      sound level of the acoustic stimulus. A frequency vs. sound level correlation
      response map shows the V-shaped tuning properties of the correlation-inducing
      mechanism. The properties of stimulus-driven correlation in these type IV pairs
      are consistent with the hypothesis that the correlation is induced by shared
      input from DCN type II units, although this is not the only possibility. 5. All
      six type IV pairs with correlated spontaneous activities have correlated driven
      activities. In five of these pairs, the degree of correlation decreases from its
      value with spontaneous activity when a low-level acoustic stimulus is applied.
      Three of these five pairs were tested at higher stimulus levels.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367195
TI  - Mechanical properties of muscle units in the cat diaphragm.
AB  - 1. Muscle units in the right sternocostal region of the cat diaphragm (DIA) were
      isolated in situ by dissecting filaments of the C5 ventral root. Isometric
      contractile and fatigue properties of DIA units were then measured. Contractile
      properties included: twitch contraction time (CT), peak twitch tension (Pt),
      maximum tetanic tension (P0), and the frequency dependence of tension production.
      Muscle-unit fatigue resistance was estimated using a 2-min fatigue test. 2. DIA
      muscle units were classified as fast (F) or slow (S) based on the presence or
      absence of sag in their unfused tetanic force responses. Muscle-unit fatigue
      indices (FI) were used to further classify DIA units as slow-twitch fatigue
      resistant (S), fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (FR) fast-twitch fatigue
      intermediate (FInt), or fast-twitch fatigable (FF) types. 3. Based on a total of
      47 completely characterized DIA muscle units, 21% were classified as S, 4% as FR,
      28% as FInt, and 47% as FF. In contrast to the distribution of unit types in
      other mixed appendicular muscles, the DIA was composed of a very low proportion
      of FR units and a relatively high proportion of FInt units. An interval of FIs
      between 0.50 and 0.75 separated units into fatigue-resistant and fatigable
      groups. The distribution of FIs for FF and most FInt units was continuous,
      indicating that they formed a single fatigable group. Relatively few FF units in
      the DIA had FIs less than 0.10. 4. A wide range of contractile properties was
      observed for DIA muscle units. Type S units had longer CTs and lower Pt and P0
      values than type F units. The mean Pt and P0 of FF and FInt units were
      comparable, whereas the mean Pt and P0 of the two FR units were lower. Type S
      units produced a greater proportion of their P0 at lower frequencies of
      activation than type F units. The lower P0S produced by type F units in the DIA
      indicated that they were smaller than similar units in appendicular muscles. It
      was concluded that in meeting most normal ventilatory requirements, adequate
      force could be generated by the recruitment of only type S and FR units. The
      recruitment of the more fatigable FF and FInt units may occur only during more
      forceful respiratory and nonrespiratory behaviors of the DIA.

PMID- 3367196
TI  - Swimming in Aplysia brasiliana: identification of parapodial opener-phase and
      closer-phase neurons.
AB  - 1. In freely behaving Aplysia brasiliana, spontaneous swimming in the laboratory
      occurred primarily in the dark hours of the day-night cycle. Suspending an intact
      animal above the substrate elicited continuous parapodial flapping with the same
      frequency and amplitude as spontaneous swimming. Parapodial flapping with
      decreased frequency and amplitude could still be elicited by suspending minimally
      dissected, but not more radically dissected, preparations. 2. In otherwise intact
      animals, severing the cerebropedal connective (CPC) bilaterally abolished
      suspended parapodial flapping, but normal flapping was elicited by tonic
      stimulation of the distal CPC. In minimally dissected preparations, tonic CPC
      stimulation elicited parapodial flapping, but with reduced frequency and
      amplitude. 3. During normal parapodial flapping, chronically implanted electrodes
      on parapodial nerves recorded the swimming motor program (SMP). The whole-nerve
      SMP consisted of rhythmic bursts of large-amplitude efferent units in phase with
      parapodial opening, with no observable activity during parapodial closing. By
      contrast, simultaneous electromyogram (EMG) recordings from antagonistic
      parapodial muscles showed antiphasic bursts of activity during opening and
      closing. The SMP was inhibited by touching food to the animals' lips. 4.
      Parapodial nerve backfills, using nickel chloride, labeled several cell clusters
      in the ipsilateral pedal ganglion. Two of these clusters were located caudally:
      one tightly clustered medial group had large cell bodies, and another, more
      distributed, lateral group had small cell bodies. The two clusters were
      identified in semi-intact preparations and isolated brains, using tonic CPC
      stimulation to elicit a fictive SMP recorded in parapodial nerves, and
      intracellular electrodes to characterize and stain individual cells. 5. The large
      parapodial opener-phase (POP) neurons were normally silent. At the onset of CPC
      stimulation, POP neurons depolarized and fired tonically, and then burst
      rhythmically in phase with each other, and one for one with large-amplitude axon
      spikes observed extracellularly in parapodial nerves during the fictive SMP.
      Intracellular firing of POP cells, singly or in pairs, never produced observable
      papapodial movements or one-for-one responses in parapodial muscles. Lucifer
      yellow-filled POP neurons showed a process (with a pronounced rostral loop) that
      gave off many short, fine neurites in the pedal neuropile before branching into
      two or three axons projecting into different parapodial nerves. 6. The smaller
      parapodial closer-phase (PCP) neurons normally discharged tonically at low
      frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367197
TI  - A disynaptic sensorimotor pathway in the lobster stomatogastric system.
AB  - 1. In the lobster Homarus, muscle gm 1 that causes protraction of the medial
      tooth of the gastric mill system is innervated via a dorsal branch of the
      anterior gastric nerve by motoneurons (GM) arising in the stomatogastric ganglion
      (STG) (Fig. 1). 2. A ventral branch of the anterior gastric nerve (VAGN) contains
      a single unit that is mechanosensitive, responds to gentle pressure on the
      stomach wall in the vicinity of gm 1, and evokes reflex activation of GM
      motoneurons (Fig. 2). 3. This mechanoreceptor neuron (called anterior gastric
      receptor, AGR) has been identified morphologically (Fig. 3) and
      electrophysiologically (Figs. 4 and 5). The bipolar cell body is located in the
      dorsal ventricular nerve immediately posterior to the STG. It sends out long
      peripheral processes in the left and right VAGNs to ramify bilaterally in the
      epidermis of the stomach wall underlying muscle gm 1. The axon of the AGR runs
      anteriorly through the STG and projects to the left and right commissural ganglia
      (CoGs) via the stomatogastric (STN) and inferior esophageal nerves. 4. AGR
      activation of GM motoneurons disappears after cutting the STN, indicating that
      the reflex is mediated by an axonal pathway involving rostral ganglia (Fig. 6).
      5. Electrophysiological (Fig. 7) and morphological (Fig. 8) methods were used to
      identify an interneuron (commissural gastric neuron, CG) located in each CoG and
      intercalated between AGR and GM. Axons of the two CGs project to the STG via the
      superior esophageal nerves and the STN. 6. Simultaneous intracellular recordings
      from the three cell types demonstrate that AGR excites CG, which in turn excites
      GM; in each case excitatory postsynaptic potentials follow presynaptic impulses
      one for one and at constant latency (Fig. 9). Raising the threshold for spiking
      with saline containing high divalent cation concentrations further indicates that
      both excitatory connections are monosynaptic and confirms that AGR does not
      directly excite GM motoneurons (Fig. 10). 7. The input/output properties of AGR
      in this disynaptic excitatory pathway (Fig. 11) are discussed as also are the
      functional implications of such a long-loop pathway for sensorimotor integration.

PMID- 3367198
TI  - Nonlinear interneuronal properties underlie integrative flexibility in a lobster
      disynaptic sensorimotor pathway.
AB  - 1. In the lobster Homarus, a single mechanoreceptor neuron (anterior gastric
      receptor, AGR) associated with muscle gm 1 of the gastric medial tooth has access
      to motoneurons (GM) innervating this muscle via an excitatory synaptic pathway
      involving two bilateral interneurons (commissural gastric, CG) (see 31). 2.
      Studies on in vitro preparations of the stomatogastric nervous system show that
      despite its apparent simplicity, this disynaptic pathway can express considerable
      flexibility in information processing, as evident by a wide variety of GM output
      responses to sensory input from AGR (Fig. 1). 3. This input/output flexibility
      does not rely on multiple synaptic pathways operating in parallel with the
      interneuron CG, since it is demonstrated that AGR has access to GM only via CG
      (Fig. 2). 4. Short AGR impulse trains at different spike frequencies can give
      rise to similarly brief excitation of GM, or prolonged motoneuron responses.
      Moreover, graded increases in AGR discharge frequency can lead to a sudden
      increase in the intensity of GM responsiveness that otherwise grades linearly
      with receptor firing. Such step changes in gain (both in duration and magnitude)
      are due to synaptic triggering of regenerative "plateau" depolarizations in CG
      (Figs. 3 and 4). 5. Sustained tonic discharge in AGR can induce cyclic bursting
      activity in previously nonrhythmic GM neurons. Furthermore, the frequency of
      motoneuron bursts increases with the frequency of AGR tonic firing. Such changes
      in pattern are ascribed to synaptic triggering and modification of regenerative
      "oscillatory" depolarizations in CG (Fig. 5). 6. Higher levels of AGR firing can
      result either in strong activation of GM motoneurons or in complete inactivation
      of GM. This switch in sign of the motor response is dependent on base-line levels
      of activity in the receptor and is due to the capability of CG to fire action
      potentials only within a window of membrane potential (Figs. 6-8). The functional
      outcome of this cellular property of CG is that positive feedback from AGR to GM
      can be switched to negative feedback via the same excitatory synaptic pathway
      (Fig. 9). 7. We conclude that flexibility in sensorimotor integration can be an
      inbuilt feature even of hard-wired neuronal pathways; in the present case,
      changes in input/output relationships reside with intrinsic properties of an
      intercalated interneuron (Fig. 10).

PMID- 3367199
TI  - Effects of pontomedullary reticular formation stimulation on the neuronal
      networks responsible for rhythmical jaw movements in the guinea pig.
AB  - 1. In the ketamine-anesthetized guinea pig, electromyographic (EMG) responses of
      the digastric muscle and vertical and horizontal movements of the mandible were
      studied when loci within the caudal pontine and rostral medullary reticular
      formation were stimulated during rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) evoked by
      stimulation of the masticatory area of the cortex. 2. Within these regions
      electrical brain stem stimulation of the pontis nucleus caudalis and nucleus
      gigantocellularis (PnC-Gi) of the reticular formation completely blocked RJMs at
      stimulus intensities as low as 10 microA while suppressing the short-latency
      digastric EMG response that was time locked to each cortical stimulus in the
      train. PnC-Gi stimulation did not, however, reduce the excitability of the short
      latency corticotrigeminal excitatory pathway to digastric motoneurons when tested
      by short pulse train stimulation at 2 Hz (3 pulses, 500 Hz, 0.3 ms) in the
      absence of RJMs. 3. Short trains (80 ms) of PnC-Gi stimuli delivered at various
      phases of the RJM cycle produced a permanent phase shift of the RJM rhythm. If
      the stimulus train was delivered at an early phase of the cycle (8-40%) the next
      cycle onset was advanced; if the train was delivered later in the cycle (60-80%)
      the next cycle onset was delayed. Long trains of PnC-Gi stimuli (100, 200, 300,
      and 400 ms) increased the time of onset of the next cycle by an amount directly
      proportional to the duration of the stimulus train. 4. Digastric EMG activity
      occurring during cortically evoked RJMs occupied nearly 50% of the cycle. If a
      short train of PnC-Gi stimuli was delivered between approximately 5 and 125 ms
      after the onset of the burst, the duration of the burst was significantly
      shortened. 5. These results demonstrate that the suppression of cortically evoked
      RJMs resulting from PnC-Gi stimulation is due to direct effects on central
      circuits responsible for the production of the RJM behavior and not on the
      motoneurons themselves. The evidence presented is consistent with our previously
      presented hypothesis that the neurons involved in mediating the short-latency
      corticotrigeminal pathway to digastric motoneurons are separate and distinct from
      those neurons comprising the central networks responsible for the production of
      the fundamental jaw oscillation during RJMs.

PMID- 3367200
TI  - Natural groupings of primate spinothalamic neurons based on cutaneous
      stimulation. Physiological and anatomical features.
AB  - 1. Two hundred and twenty-one spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons in the lumbar
      spinal cord of anesthetized monkeys were studied. The majority of the recordings
      were in laminae IV-VI. Thirteen of these neurons were intracellularly injected
      with horseradish peroxidase and histologically reconstructed. 2. A standard
      series of four mechanical cutaneous stimuli, which ranged in intensity from
      innocuous brushing to tissue-damaging pinching, were used to test the mechanical
      responsiveness of STT neurons. The mean alterations in discharge rate produced by
      these test stimuli when delivered to a neuron's excitatory receptive field were
      used as response measures. 3. Univariate and bivariate analyses of these response
      measures failed to reveal natural groupings of STT neurons. To assess whether
      natural groupings dependent upon shared multivariate response patterns were
      present, a k-means cluster analysis of the responses was performed. 4. Because an
      assumption about the type of coding used by the STT system had to be made prior
      to clustering, two independent analyses were performed. One approach assumed a
      labeled line coding model; response magnitudes were determined within the context
      of the neuron under study (within-neuron analysis). The other approach assumed a
      population coding model; response magnitudes were determined within the context
      of the STT population (across-neuron analysis). 5. The within-neuron analysis
      suggested that the STT sample could be partitioned into four groups. The smallest
      group (n = 18, 8%) responded primarily to brushing but often had a convergent
      nociceptive input; this group was referred to as type I. A second group (n = 31,
      14%) had strong responses to low-intensity stimuli, particularly pressure, and
      modestly larger responses to noxious stimuli; this group was referred to as type
      II. The clustering in these two groups was relatively weak, reflecting some
      heterogeneity in response pattern. 6. The largest within-neuron group (n = 108,
      49%) was most responsive to noxious stimuli but had a saturating response
      function; because of their apparent role in coding intermediate intensity
      stimuli, this group was referred to as type III. The fourth group (n = 64, 29%)
      responded best to the most intense stimulus used; this group was referred to as
      type IV. 7. The across-neuron analysis also suggested that the STT sample could
      be partitioned into four groups. The largest group (n = 122, 55%) had relatively
      weak responses to all the cutaneous stimuli; this group was referred to as type
      A. 8. All of the remaining across-neuron groups had mean responses at or above
      the mean for all cutaneous stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367201
TI  - The primate spinocervicothalamic pathway: responses of cells of the lateral
      cervical nucleus and spinocervical tract to innocuous and noxious stimuli.
AB  - 1. The response properties of neurons of the spinocervicothalamic pathway were
      studied in anesthetized macaque monkeys. Graded innocuous and noxious mechanical
      stimuli, including sinusoidal vibration and thermal pulses, were applied to the
      cutaneous receptive fields. 2. Forty-nine cells in the lateral cervical nucleus
      (LCN) were identified by antidromic activation from the ventral posterior lateral
      (VPL) nucleus of the contralateral thalamus. Twelve spinocervical tract (SCT)
      cells in the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord were identified by
      antidromic activation from stimulation of the ipsilateral dorsolateral funiculus
      below C3 but not above C1. 3. Latencies for antidromic activation of LCN neurons
      averaged 2.3 ms, corresponding to a mean conduction velocity of approximately 17
      m/s. Mean latency for orthodromic activation of LCN neurons following electrical
      stimulation of peripheral nerves was 12.6 ms. Overall mean conduction velocity
      for the monkey spinocervicothalamic pathway was estimated to be 29 m/s. 4. Most
      LCN cells had receptive fields on hairy skin, but some had input from glabrous
      skin and a few had subcutaneous fields. The receptive fields of most SCT cells
      had a glabrous skin component. Receptive fields tended to be smaller for SCT than
      LCN cells even for fields on a comparable part of the distal hindlimb. 5. Based
      on their responses to a series of mechanical stimuli (brushing, pressure, pinch,
      and squeeze), LCN and SCT cells were classified as low-threshold (LT), wide
      dynamic range (WDR), or high-threshold (HT) neurons. Most of the cells were in
      the LT or WDR classes. Thus the spinocervicothalamic pathway in the monkey
      differs from the spinothalamic tract (STT), in that STT cells are generally of
      the WDR or HT classes. 6. With the use of discriminant analysis, LCN and SCT
      neurons were allocated to categories determined from a k-means cluster analysis
      of the responses of 318 STT cells. The LCN and SCT neurons were in different
      proportions in the various categories than were STT cells, suggesting differences
      in the signaling properties of the spinocervicothalamic and spinothalamic paths.
      7. Innocuous steady indentation of the skin failed to excite any of the neurons
      tested. Thus no positive evidence was obtained for an input to LCN neurons from
      slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. 8. Sinusoidal vibratory stimuli were used to
      test the ability of LCN and SCT neurons to follow repeated innocuous mechanical
      stimuli. Vibration at 10 Hz and an amplitude of 100 micron resulted in repetitive
      discharges in most LCN neurons and half the SCT neurons tested; many LCN neurons
      had thresholds below 25 micron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367202
TI  - Primate nucleus gracilis neurons: responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli.
AB  - 1. Recordings were made from 67 neurons in the nucleus gracilis (NG) of
      anesthetized macaque monkeys. All of the cells were activated antidromically from
      the ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus of the contralateral thalamus.
      Stimuli used to activate the cells orthodromically were graded innocuous and
      noxious mechanical stimuli, including sinusoidal vibration and thermal pulses. 2.
      The latencies of antidromic action potentials following stimulation in the VPL
      nucleus were significantly shorter for cells in the caudal compared with the
      rostral NG. The mean minimum afferent conduction velocity of the afferent
      conduction velocity of the afferent fibers exciting the NG cells was 52 m/s, as
      judged from the latencies of the cells to orthodromic volleys evoked by
      electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. The overall conduction velocity of
      the pathway from peripheral nerve to thalamus was approximately 40 m/s. 3.
      Cutaneous receptive fields on the distal hindlimb usually occupied an area
      equivalent to much less than a single digit. However, a few cells had receptive
      fields up to or exceeding the area of the foot. 4. NG cells were classified by
      their responses to graded mechanical stimulation of the skin as low threshold
      (LT) or wide dynamic range (WDR). No high-threshold NG cells were found. A
      special subcategory of pressure-sensitive LT (SA) neurons was recognized. Many of
      these cells were maximally responsive to maintained indentation of the skin. The
      sample of NG cells differed from the population of primate spinothalamic and
      spinocervicothalamic pathways so far examined, in having a larger proportion of
      LT neurons and a smaller proportion of WDR cells. A few NG cells responded best
      to manipulation of subcutaneous tissue. 5. Discriminant analysis permitted the NG
      cells to be assigned to classes determined by a k-means cluster analysis of the
      responses of a reference set of 318 primate spinothalamic tract (STT) cells.
      There were four classes of cells based on normalized responses of individual
      neurons and another four classes based upon responses compared across the
      population of cells. The NG cells were allocated to the various categories in
      different proportions than either primate STT cells or spinocervicothalamic
      neurons, consistent with the view that the functional roles of these
      somatosensory pathways differ. 6. Some of the pressure-sensitive NG cells were
      excited when the skin was stretched, suggesting an input from type II slowly
      adapting (Ruffini) mechanoreceptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367203
TI  - Neuronal responses in rabbit cingulate cortex linked to quick-phase eye movements
      during nystagmus.
AB  - 1. Responses of single units in area 29 of cingulate cortex were examined in
      alert rabbits during vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus. Eye movements were
      measured by optically detecting the position of an infrared light-emitting diode
      attached to the cornea. 2. Fourteen percent of cingulate cells (68 of 477
      isolated units) had responses that were correlated to the occurrence of quick
      phases. Latencies ranged from 60 ms before to 220 ms after the onset of the quick
      phase with a mean of 70 ms and standard deviation of 58 ms. Most units responded
      during or following quick phases, although four units had responses that preceded
      the quick-phase onset. 3. Unitary responses during quick phases were not due to
      visual field movement, since these responses occurred in the dark as well as the
      light. The responses were not dependent upon vestibular stimulation, since
      responses related to spontaneous saccadelike eye movements were observed in
      cingulate quick-phase neurons. 4. The majority (37 of 52) of the quick-phase
      neurons had a directional preference. Approximately equal numbers of directional
      units responded to quick phases directed ipsilaterally and contralaterally with
      respect to the recording site. 5. About one-fourth of the quick-phase units were
      bidirectional (15 of 52) with virtually equal responses to ipsilaterally and
      contralaterally directed quick phases. 6. Auditory and/or somatosensory responses
      were observed in only five of the quick-phase cells. All such multimodal units
      were bidirectional. 7. The quick-phase units were histologically confirmed to be
      primarily in area 29d of cingulate cortex. Although most cells were located in
      layer V, some were isolated in layer II-III. 8. Cingulate cortex has reciprocal
      connections with visual cortex and oculomotor-related thalamic nuclei and
      projects to the layers of the superior colliculus that are involved in oculomotor
      control. Responses to quick phases in cingulate neurons may synchronize cingulate
      cortex responsiveness with the arrival of new, and potentially significant,
      visual information.

PMID- 3367204
TI  - Compliance of single joints: elastic and plastic characteristics.
AB  - 1. Step changes in torque were applied to the elbow or ankle joint of normal
      human subjects who exerted constant levels of effort. They were instructed to not
      react to the torque but to allow their limbs to move to a new equilibrium
      position. In this experimental paradigm, the joint may be characterized by a
      nonlinear compliant element. The aim of this study was to characterize the
      elastic properties of the compliant element. 2. Joint elasticity is described by
      an S-shaped relation between torque and angle (a "compliant characteristic
      curve"). The stiffness of a joint is greatest for small perturbations and
      decreases as the size of the perturbation is increased whether the limb is loaded
      or unloaded from its initial equilibrium. 3. The S shape of the compliant
      characteristic curve is relatively constant when measured at different initial
      joint angles from the same initial joint torque. 4. Higher levels of initial
      muscle torque increase the steepness of the compliant characteristic curve. 5.
      All changes in initial joint torque and angle preserve the S shape. The
      inflection point of the characteristic curve is always at the initial equilibrium
      angle and torque. This shifting of the inflection point of the torque-angle
      relation implies a fundamental plasticity in joint compliance. The elastic
      component is not invariant but changes with the joint's initial equilibrium
      state. 6. Changes in muscle tension and length that result from a perturbation
      are accompanied by changes in muscle activation. The relationship between
      perturbation torque and mean equilibrium EMG is similar to that found for
      voluntary isometric contraction. It is not possible to conclude what proportion
      of the late EMG response to perturbation is mediated by segmental reflex
      mechanisms. 7. At the levels of torque used here, changes in joint stiffness are
      highly correlated with changes in tonic contraction of the muscle opposing the
      load. This change in stiffness is not the result of antagonist coactivation,
      which was minimal. 8. The compliant characteristic curves of elbow and ankle are
      qualitatively similar. The principal difference is due to the greater passive
      stiffness of the ankle. 9. Our findings are inconsistent with aspects of the
      theory of invariant characteristics or with models of movement and load
      compensation that postulate a control scheme based only on the setting of muscle
      and reflex equilibrium points. The data are also incompatible with models that
      only control the elastic stiffness of the muscle.

PMID- 3367205
TI  - Smooth-pursuit eye movement deficits with chemical lesions in the dorsolateral
      pontine nucleus of the monkey.
AB  - 1. Anatomical and single-unit recording studies suggest that the dorsolateral
      pontine nucleus (DLPN) in monkey is a major link in the projection of descending
      visual motion information to the cerebellum. Such studies coupled with cortical
      and cerebellar lesion results suggest a major role for this basilar pontine
      region in the mediation of smooth-pursuit eye movements. 2. To provide more
      direct evidence that this pontine region is involved in the control of smooth
      pursuit eye movements, focal chemical lesions were made in DLPN in the vicinity
      of previously recorded visual motion and pursuit-related neurons. Eye movement
      responses were subsequently recorded in these lesioned animals under several
      behavioral paradigms. 3. A major deficit in smooth-pursuit performance was
      produced after unilateral DLPN lesions generated either reversibly with lidocaine
      or more permanently with ibotenic acid. Pursuit impairments were observed during
      steady-state tracking of sinusoidal target motion as well as during the
      initiation of pursuit tracking to sudden ramp target motion. Through the use of
      the latter technique, initial eye acceleration was reduced to less than one-half
      of normal for animals with large lesions of the dorsolateral and lateral pontine
      nuclei. 4. The pursuit deficit in all animals was directional in nature and was
      not dependent on the visual hemifield in which the motion stimulus occurred. The
      largest effect for horizontal tracking occurred in all animals for pursuit
      directed ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals also showed major deficits in one or
      both directions of vertical pursuit, although the primary direction of the
      vertical impairment was variable from animal to animal. 5. Chemical lesions in
      the DLPN also produced comparable deficits in the initiation of optokinetic
      induced smooth eye movements in the ipsilateral direction. In contrast to this
      effect on the initial optokinetic response, in the one lesioned animal studied
      during prolonged constant velocity optokinetic drum rotation, smooth eye speed
      increased slowly over a 10- to 15-s period to reach a level that closely matched
      drum speed. These results suggest that pathways outside the DLPN can generate the
      steady-state optokinetic response. 6. Saccades to stationary targets were normal
      after DLPN lesions, but corrective saccades made to targets moving in the
      direction ipsilateral to the lesion were much more hypometric than similar
      prelesion control saccades. 7. The pursuit deficits produced by lidocaine
      injections recovered within 30 min. The ibotenic acid deficits were maximal
      approximately 1 day after the injection and recovered rapidly thereafter over a
      time period of 3-7 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367206
TI  - Noradrenergic modulation of firing pattern in guinea pig and cat thalamic
      neurons, in vitro.
AB  - 1. The electrophysiological actions of norepinephrine (NE) in the guinea pig and
      cat thalamus were investigated using intracellular recordings from neurons of in
      vitro thalamic slices. 2. Application of NE to neurons of the lateral and medial
      geniculate nuclei, nucleus reticularis, anteroventral nucleus, and the
      parataenial (PT) nucleus resulted in a slow depolarization associated with a 2-
      to 15-nS decrease in input conductance and an increase in the slow membrane time
      constant from an average of 27.7 to 37.7 ms. The slow depolarization was not
      abolished by blockade of synaptic transmission, indicating that it was a direct
      (postsynaptic) effect. 3. The reversal potential of the NE-induced slow
      depolarization varied as a Nernstian function of extracellular potassium
      concentration ([K]o), indicating that it is due to a decrease in potassium
      conductance. This conclusion was supported by the finding that the amplitude of
      the NE-evoked depolarization was affected by changes in [K]o between 0.5 and 5.0
      mM as expected for a K-mediated response. 4. Neurons of the PT nucleus displayed
      unusually large afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) in comparison to cells in other
      thalamic nuclei. NE application to PT neurons caused not only a marked slow
      depolarization and decreased conductance, but also selectively reduced the slow
      AHP. 5. The NE-induced slow depolarization effectively suppressed burst firing
      and promoted the occurrence of single spike activity. NE-induced reduction of the
      slow AHP in PT neurons was accompanied by a decrease in spike frequency
      accommodation and the emergence of a slow afterdepolarization. 6. We suggest that
      through these electrophysiological actions, NE can effectively inhibit the
      generation of thalamocortical rhythms and greatly facilitate the faithful
      transfer of information through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3367207
TI  - Vestibuloocular reflex inhibition and gaze saccade control characteristics during
      eye-head orientation in humans.
AB  - 1. In natural conditions, gaze (i.e., eye + head) orientation is a complex
      behavior involving simultaneously the eye and head motor systems. Thus one of the
      key problems of gaze control is whether or not the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR)
      elicited by head rotation and saccadic eye movement linearly add. 2. Kinematics
      of human gaze saccades within the oculomotor range (OMR) were quantified under
      different conditions of head motion. Saccades were visually triggered while the
      head was fixed or passively moving at a constant velocity (200 deg/s) either in
      the same direction as, or opposite to, the saccade. Active eye-head coordination
      was also studied in a session in which subjects were trained to actively rotate
      their head at a nearly constant velocity during the saccade and, in another
      session, during natural gaze responses. 3. When the head was passively rotated
      toward the visual target, both maximum and mean gaze velocities increased with
      respect to control responses with the head fixed; these effects increased with
      gaze saccade amplitude. In addition, saccade duration was reduced so that
      corresponding gaze accuracy, although poorer than for control responses, was not
      dramatically affected by head motion. 4. The same effects on gaze velocity were
      present during active head motion when a constant head velocity was maintained
      throughout saccade duration, and gaze saccades were as accurate as with the head
      fixed. 5. During natural gaze responses, an increased gaze velocity and a
      decreased saccade duration with respect to control responses became significant
      only for gaze displacement larger than 30 degrees, due to the negligible
      contribution of head motion for smaller responses. 6. When the head was passively
      rotated in the opposite direction to target step, gaze saccades were slower than
      those obtained with the head fixed; but their average accuracy was still
      maintained. 7. These results confirm a VOR inhibition during saccadic eye
      movements within the OMR. This inhibition, present in all 16 subjects studied,
      ranged from 40 to 96% (for a 40 degree target step) between subjects and
      increased almost linearly with target step amplitude. Furthermore, the systematic
      difference between instantaneous VOR gain estimated at the time of maximum gaze
      velocity and mean VOR gain estimated over the whole saccadic duration indicates a
      decay of VOR inhibition during the ongoing saccade. 8. A simplified model is
      proposed with a varying VOR inhibition during the saccade. It suggests that VOR
      inhibition is not directly controlled by the saccadic pulse generator.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367208
TI  - Postnatal dendritic maturation of alpha and beta ganglion cells in cat retina.
AB  - Of the 3 anatomically defined classes of ganglion cell in adult cat retina, the
      alpha and beta cells are the most well documented, thus providing a basis of
      comparison for developing ganglion cells. Alpha and beta ganglion cells in cat
      retinae at various ages from birth (P0) to adult were intracellularly injected
      with Lucifer yellow. At all ages, both cell types strongly resembled their adult
      counterparts. However, transient developmental characteristics established their
      immaturity. These features included spiny protuberances and "rings" along the
      dendritic surface that were no longer detectable after 3 weeks of age. In a small
      proportion of both inner and outer stratifying alpha ganglion cells, there was
      aberrant dendritic arborization. However, by P5 there was no remaining evidence
      of this deviant stratification pattern and all alpha and beta cells displayed the
      adult pattern of unistratification (present among the majority of these cells
      from birth). For both alpha and beta cells, the area of greatest development was
      the retinal periphery. In this region alpha cell dendritic trees continued to
      grow until 3 weeks postnatally, when they approached the adult dendritic field
      size; around this time, the major period of beta cell dendritic expansion began.
      From birth to adulthood, the distance between alpha cell dendritic branching
      points increased, while the number of nodes and tips decreased with age. The
      temporal disparity between alpha and beta cell dendritic expansion suggests that
      postnatal dendritic development involves an active process of growth, rather than
      merely passive stretching.

PMID- 3367209
TI  - Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. I. Ocular dominance, binocular
      interactions, and baseline conditions.
AB  - A series of experiments was carried out using 14C-2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) in order
      to examine the functional architecture of macaque striate (primary visual)
      cortex. This paper describes the results of experiments on uptake during various
      baseline (or reference) conditions of visual stimulation (described below), and
      on differences in the functional architecture following monocular versus
      binocular viewing conditions. In binocular "baseline" experiments, monkeys were
      stimulated either (1) in the dark, (2) with a diffuse gray screen, or (3) with a
      very general visual stimulus composed of gratings of varied orientation and
      spatial frequency. In all of these conditions, DG uptake was found to be
      topographically uniform within all layers of parafoveal striate cortex. In
      monocular experiments that were otherwise similar, uptake was topographically
      uniform within the full extent of the eye dominance strip, in all layers. Certain
      other visual stimuli produce high uptake in the blobs, and still another set of
      visual stimuli (including high-spatial-frequency gratings) produce highest uptake
      between the blobs at parafoveal eccentricities, even in an unanesthetized,
      unparalyzed monkey. Eye movements per se had no obvious effect on striate DG
      uptake. Endogenous uptake in the blobs (relative to that in the interblobs)
      appears higher in the squirrel monkey than in the macaque. The pattern of DG
      uptake produced by binocular viewing was found to deviate in a number of ways
      from that expected by linearly summing the component monocular DG patterns. One
      of the most interesting deviations was an enhancement of the representation of
      visual field borders between stimuli differing from each other in texture,
      orientation, direction, etc. This "border enhancement" was confined to striate
      layers 1-3 (not appearing in any of the striate input layers), and it only
      appeared following binocular, but not monocular, viewing conditions. The border
      enhancement may be related to a suppression of DG uptake that occurs during
      binocular viewing conditions in layers 2 + 3 (and perhaps layers 1 and 4B), but
      not in layers 4Ca, 4Cb, 5 or 6. Another major class of binocular interaction was
      a spread of neural activity into the "unstimulated" ocular dominance strips
      following monocular stimulation. Such an effect was prominent in striate layer
      4Ca, but it did not occur in layer 4Cb. This "binocular" spread of DG uptake into
      the inappropriate eye dominance strip in 4Ca may be related to the appearance of
      orientation tuning and orientation columns in that layer. No DG effects were seen
      that depended on the absolute disparity of visual stimuli in macaque striate
      cortex.

PMID- 3367210
TI  - Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. II. Retinotopic organization.
AB  - Macaque monkeys were shown retinotopically-specific visual stimuli during 14C-2
      deoxy-d-glucose (DG) infusion in a study of the retinotopic organization of
      primary visual cortex (V1). In the central half of V1, the cortical magnification
      was found to be greater along the vertical than along the horizontal meridian,
      and overall magnification factors appeared to be scaled proportionate to brain
      size across different species. The cortical magnification factor (CMF) was found
      to reach a maximum of about 15 mm/deg at the representation of the fovea, at a
      point of acute curvature in the V1-V2 border. We find neither a duplication nor
      an overrepresentation of the vertical meridian. The magnification factor did not
      appear to be doubled in a direction perpendicular to the ocular dominance strips;
      it may not be increased at all. The DG borders in parvorecipient layer 4Cb were
      found to be as sharp as 140 micron (half-amplitude, half width), corresponding to
      a visual angle of less than 2' of arc at the eccentricity measured. In other
      layers (including magnorecipient layer 4Ca), the retinotopic borders are broader.
      The retinotopic spread of activity is greater when produced by a low-spatial
      frequency grating than when produced by a high-spatial-frequency grating.
      Orientation-specific stimuli produced a pattern of activation that spread further
      than 1 mm across cortex in some layers. Some DG evidence suggests that the spread
      of functional activity is greater near the foveal representation than near 5
      degrees eccentricity.

PMID- 3367211
TI  - Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. III. Color.
AB  - Using spatially diffuse stimuli (or sinusoidal gratings of very low spatial
      frequency), levels of 14C-2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) uptake produced by color-varying
      stimuli are much greater than those produced by luminance-varying stimuli in
      macaque striate cortex. Such a difference in DG results is consistent with
      previous psychophysical and electrophysiological results from man and monkey. In
      DG experiments with color-varying gratings of low and middle spatial frequencies,
      or with spatially diffuse color variations, DG uptake was highest in the
      cytochrome oxidase blobs, as was also seen with low-spatial-frequency luminance
      gratings. High-spatial-frequency, color-varying uptake patterns were shifted to
      cover both blob and interblob regions in a manner similar to that of the patterns
      obtained with middle-spatial-frequency luminance stimuli. However, in no instance
      did chromatic gratings produce uptake restricted to the interblob regions, as
      with the pattern seen with the highest-spatial-frequency luminance gratings.
      Thus, DG uptake is relatively higher in the interblob regions when comparing
      luminance with color-varying gratings that are otherwise similar. It was also
      possible to show DG evidence for receptive-field double-opponency in the upper
      layer blobs, but color sensitivity in layer 4Cb appears single-opponent. The DG
      results suggest that color sensitivity is also high in the lower-layer (layers 5
      + 6) blobs, and that many layer 5 receptive fields are double-opponent. Striate
      layers 4Ca and 4B-appeared color-insensitive in a wide variety of DG tests; this
      supports the idea of a color-insensitive stream running from the magnocellular
      LGN layers through striate layers 4Ca and 4B to extrastriate areas MT and V3.
      There was also a major effect due to wavelength: long and short wavelengths
      produced much more uptake than did middle wavelengths, even when all colors were
      equated for luminance and saturation. No variation with eccentricity was seen in
      cortical color sensitivity, at least between 0 degrees and 10 degrees.

PMID- 3367212
TI  - Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. IV. Contrast and magno-parvo
      streams.
AB  - Macaque monkeys were shown achromatic gratings of various contrasts during 14C-2
      deoxy-d-glucose (DG) infusion in order to measure the contrast sensitivity of
      different subdivisions of primary visual cortex. DG uptake is essentially
      saturated at stimulus contrasts of 50% and above, although the saturation
      contrast varies with layer and with different criteria. Following visual
      stimulation with gratings of 8% contrast, stimulus-driven uptake was relatively
      high in striate layer 4Ca (which receives primary input from the magnocellular
      LGN layers), but was absent in layer 4Cb (which receives primary input from the
      parvocellular layers). In this same (magnocellular-specific) stimulation
      condition, striate layers 4B, 4Ca, and 6 showed strong stimulus-induced DG
      uptake, and layers 2, 3, 4A, and 5 showed only light or negligible uptake. By
      comparison to other cases that were shown stimuli of systematically higher
      contrast, and to a wide variety of DG cases shown very different stimuli, it is
      evident that information derived from the magnocellular and parvocellular layers
      in the LGN remains partially, or largely, segregated in its passage through
      striate cortex, and projects in a still somewhat segregated fashion to different
      extrastriate areas. The sum of all available evidence suggests that the
      magnocellular information projects strongly through striate layers 4Ca, 4B, and
      6, with moderate input into the blobs in layers 2 + 3, and to blob-aligned
      portions of layer 4A. Parvocellular-dominated regions of striate cortex include
      both the blob and interblob portions of layers 2 + 3, 4A, 4Cb, and 5. Because the
      major striate input to V2 arrives from striate layers 2 + 3, and because the
      major striate input to MT originates in layer 4B and 6, it appears that area V2
      receives information derived largely from the parvocellular LGN layers, and that
      area MT receives information derived mainly from the magnocellular layers.

PMID- 3367213
TI  - Functional anatomy of macaque striate cortex. V. Spatial frequency.
AB  - When macaque monkeys view achromatic, sinusoidal gratings of a single spatial
      frequency, the pattern of 14C-2-deoxy-d-glucose (DG) uptake produced by the
      gratings is shown to depend on the spatial frequency chosen. When a relatively
      high (5-7 cycles/deg) spatial frequency is shown binocularly at systematically
      varied orientations, uptake in parafoveal striate cortex is highest between the
      cytochrome oxidase blobs (that is, in the interblobs) in layers 1, 2, and 3. In
      layers 4B, 5, and 6, where the cytochrome oxidase blobs are faint or absent, DG
      uptake is highest in a periodic pattern that lies in register with the interblobs
      of layers 2 + 3. When the grating is, instead, of relatively low (1-1.5
      cycles/deg) spatial frequency, DG uptake is highest in the blobs, in the blob
      aligned portions of layers 1-4B, and in the lower-layer blobs as well. These
      variations in DG topography are confirmed in stimulus comparisons within a single
      hemisphere. Presumably, this shift in functional topography within the extra
      granular layer is the primate homolog of "spatial frequency columns" shown
      earlier in the cat (Tootell et al., 1981; Silverman, 1984). In the well
      differentiated architecture of primate striate cortex, laminar differences
      produced by high- versus low-spatial-frequency gratings are visible as well.
      Gratings of very high spatial frequency produce much higher uptake in 4Cb (which
      receives input from the parvocellular LGN layers) than in 4Ca (which gets its
      input from the magnocellular LGN layers). Gratings of low spatial frequency
      produce the converse result. Presumably, cells in the magnocellular LGN layers
      and/or in the magnocellular-dominated layer 4Ca have lower average spatial
      frequency tuning (larger receptive fields) than their counterparts in the
      parvocellular LGN and/or in striate layer 4Cb. The DG patterns produced by
      various spatial frequencies also vary with eccentricity, in a manner consistent
      with known, eccentricity-dependent variations of receptive-field size and spatial
      frequency tuning. Thus, gratings of a "middle"-spatial-frequency range (4-5
      cycles/deg) produce high uptake in the blobs near the foveal representation and
      high uptake in the interblobs at more peripheral eccentricities, including 5
      degrees. This shift in DG topography also includes the transition zone near 3
      degrees, where the level of stimulus-driven uptake is as high in the blob regions
      as it is in interblob regions. Variations in uptake between layers 4Ca and 4Cb,
      as a function of eccentricity, shift in parallel with the changes in the upper
      layer topography.

PMID- 3367214
TI  - Mechanisms of long-term potentiation: a current-source density analysis.
AB  - A current-source density (CSD) analysis was carried out in the CA 1 region of the
      hippocampal slice (1) to determine the pattern of current flow in pyramidal cells
      upon orthodromic stimulation and (2) to test the hypothesis that EPSP-to-spike
      potentiation is produced by an alteration in this distribution of current sinks
      and/or sources. The results indicated that 2 sinks occur near the cell body layer
      (in addition to the sink associated with the EPSP) in response to orthodromic
      stimulation of the apical dendrites. An early (i.e., short-latency) sink was
      present along the radiatum/pyramidale border and was evident throughout the time
      course of the evoked field potential. This sink peaked in magnitude just prior to
      the peak of the population spike and was associated with orthodromic stimulation;
      it was not seen with antidromic stimulation. A second, later, sink occurred in
      the proximal portion of the basal dendrites and had a characteristic time course
      similar to the population spike; this second sink was also present during
      antidromic stimulation. There was some suggestion that the earlier dendritic sink
      shifted apically with development of long-term potentiation (LTP). The existence
      and movement of such an active zone in these cells may help to explain the
      dissociation of EPSP and spike potentiation in LTP.

PMID- 3367215
TI  - Electrotonic synapses between Aplysia neurons in situ and in culture: aspects of
      regulation and measurements of permeability.
AB  - Properties of electrotonic synapses between L14 neurons in the abdominal ganglion
      of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica were examined in situ and between
      unidentified buccal neurons maintained in tissue culture. In culture,
      depolarizing postsynaptic potentials in response to a train of action potentials
      showed apparent facilitation with increasing spike number, which was attributable
      to the low-pass filter properties of electrotonic transmission via gap junctions
      and to network properties. Gap junctional conductance (gj), calculated from
      current-clamp data or measured directly under voltage clamp, indicated no
      significant dependence of gj on transjunctional or inside-outside potential in
      situ or in culture. Octanol, a local anesthetic agent that reduces gj in many
      other systems, had no effect on gj between Aplysia neurons. The effect of
      intracellular acidification, a treatment that rapidly and reversibly uncouples a
      variety of cell types, reduced gj between Aplysia neurons but did not completely
      abolish it. The relationship between intracellular pH (pHi), measured with ion
      sensitive microelectrodes, and gj was steeper in cultured neurons than in situ
      and was maximally reduced by 70-80%, as compared to 50% or less in situ at the
      lowest pHi values tested. The coupling coefficient (k) was reduced less by low
      pHi than was gj, which could be explained by a simultaneous increase in
      nonjunctional membrane resistance. Permeability properties of Aplysia
      electrotonic synapses to a variety of tracer molecules were also examined between
      identified L 14 neurons in situ and in dissociated buccal, abdominal, and bag
      neurons in culture. The fluorescent dyes Lucifer yellow, 6-carboxyfluorescein,
      and dichlorofluorescein (1.2-1.4 nm maximal diameters) did not spread detectably
      from an injected neuron to its electrically coupled neighbors, regardless of the
      strength of electrotonic coupling. However, the smaller tetraalkylammonium ions
      TMA and TEA (diameters 0.66 and 0.8 nm, concentrations measured with ion
      selective electrodes), could be detected in neighboring cells within minutes. In
      culture, transfer of the tetraalkylammonium ions was slow and not easily
      detectable in cell pairs where gj was low (less than 20 nS). The permeability was
      as high as 10(-10) cm3/sec in situ and 10(-12) cm3/sec in culture, and values
      were roughly correlated with simultaneously measured values of gj. Electrotonic
      synapses in the nervous system of Aplysia, therefore, have a quantitatively
      different spectrum of sensitivities than has been found for gap junctions of
      other systems and appear to possess reduced permeability to tracer molecules.

PMID- 3367216
TI  - Postnatal development of a brain-specific subspecies of protein kinase C in rat.
AB  - Protein kinase C in the developing rat brain was investigated by a biochemical
      assay and by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The protein kinase was
      resolved on hydroxyapatite column chromatography into 3 fractions, designated
      types I, II, and III. Type I, with structure encoded by a gamma-sequence, was not
      detected early postnatally, maintained a low level of activity during the first
      week, which increased gradually, and reached its maximum around postnatal day 28.
      This type of enzyme was expressed specifically in nervous tissues, and was not
      found in any other tissues thus far tested. Type II enzyme activity, a mixture of
      the 2 subspecies encoded by the beta I- and beta II-sequences, was found at
      birth, increased rapidly, and reached a plateau level between postnatal days 14
      and 28. This type was the predominant subspecies of protein kinase C in the
      brain. Type III, its structure encoded by the alpha-sequence, was also detected
      at birth, and reached its maximum level on postnatal day 7. Immunocytochemical
      studies with a monoclonal antibody, which recognized preferentially the type I
      enzyme, visualized the developmental pattern of type I subspecies in the Purkinje
      cell, a typical cell having a large quantity of type I protein kinase C.

PMID- 3367217
TI  - Modulation of calcium current and diverse K+ currents in identified Hermissenda
      neurons by small cardioactive peptide B.
AB  - The molluscan neuropeptides, small cardioactive peptides A and B (SCPA,B), are
      known to modulate the responses of many molluscan central and peripheral target
      cells (see review by Lloyd, 1986), but their full range of physiological actions
      remains unknown. External application of SCPB (1-10 microM) modified diverse
      ionic conductances in a set of giant identifiable neurons in the brain of the
      marine mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. SCPB caused a transient depolarization
      and increased input resistance that enhanced or promoted cell firing. Under
      voltage-clamp, SCPB reduced a "background" residual current (IR), reduced early
      transient K+ current (IA), reduced a delayed K+ current (IK(V], and enhanced ICa,
      IBa, and a Ca2+-activated K+ current, IK(Ca). In tetraethylammonium chloride
      (TEA) saline, SCPB enhanced the amplitude and duration and reduced the threshold
      of evoked Ca and Ba spikes. Immunocytochemical staining techniques have localized
      an endogenous SCPB-like peptide in numerous somata and their neurites in the
      nervous system of Hermissenda (Longley and Longley, 1985; Watson and Willows,
      1986). These data are consistent with a role for SCPB as a
      neurotransmitter/neurohormone modulator of neuronal excitability in Hermissenda.
      A neurotransmitter role for endogenous SCPs has been proposed for a synaptic pair
      of cultured neurons in the Aplysia buccal ganglion (Lloyd et al., 1986). SCPB has
      been implicated in the control of feeding motor output in Aplysia (Sossin et al.,
      1986) and Tritonia (Willows and Watson, 1986), and in the presynaptic
      facilitation of sensory neurons mediating the gill and siphon defensive
      withdrawal reflex in Aplysia (Abrams et al., 1984).

PMID- 3367219
TI  - Cytology and neuron-glial apposition of migrating cerebellar granule cells in
      vitro.
AB  - In developing mammalian brain, many neurons migrate to their final position by
      moving in direct apposition to radially oriented glial cells. Glial-guided
      migration can be visualized in microcultures of mouse cerebellar cells by the
      combined use of cellular antigen markers and high resolution time-lapse video
      microscopy (Hatten et al., 1984; Edmondson and Hatten, 1987). Such studies have
      demonstrated the behavior of migrating cells and revealed a motile leading
      process on the migrating neuron that resembles an axonal growth cone and grows
      along extended glial fibers. To study the fine structural details of the
      migrating neuron and its neuron-glial apposition, we identified and monitored
      neurons in microcultures with video microscopy and examined the cytology and
      cellular contacts of the same cells with transmission electron microscopy. The
      cytology of the soma and leading process of migrating cells closely matches that
      described for granule cells in intact brain (Rakic, 1971). Newly observed
      structures include the presence of longitudinally oriented microtubules extending
      from a basal body in the soma into the leading process, and microfilament-rich
      filopodia arising from the soma and leading process. The most striking feature of
      actively migrating neurons is a specialized junction between the neuronal cell
      soma and apposing glial fibers. At this junction, here termed "interstitial
      density," the extracellular space is dilated to 20 nm and filamentous material in
      the intracellular cleft either spans the cleft or runs parallel to the cell
      membranes. Some interstitial fibrils are contiguous with, or are transmembranous
      extensions of, submembranous cytoskeletal elements that attach to microtubules.
      Interstitial junctions were not found between neurons that did not translocate in
      the observation period before fixation. Instead, stationary cells formed
      desmosomes (puncta and macula adhaerentia) at appositions with glial processes.

PMID- 3367218
TI  - The organization of chromatic and spatial interactions in the primate striate
      cortex.
AB  - The cytochrome oxidase-rich patches or blobs of the monkey striate cortex have
      been shown to contain cells that have unoriented receptive fields, many of which
      are color selective. We studied the functional organization of color opponency in
      the blob regions of the parafoveal representation of the visual cortex. We also
      examined the patterns of connectivity among blob and nonblob cells by multiple
      electrode penetrations and cross-correlation analysis. Some of the color
      selective cells in the blobs exhibited receptive fields that were similar to
      those found in the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN):
      one type exhibited center-surround spatial and chromatic opponency corresponding
      to the Type I cell found in the LGN; another had center-only chromatic opponency,
      corresponding to the Type II cell of the LGN. A blob color-selective cell with no
      LGN counterpart had center color opponency with a nonchromatically opponent
      surround antagonism. We termed this cell the "modified Type II" cell. Contrary to
      previous reports, few true double color-opponent cells were found. Some blob
      cells previously characterized as double opponent probably belong to our modified
      Type II category and, unlike true double opponent cells, do not respond well to
      isoluminant color boundaries. Occasional color-selective oriented cells were
      either intermixed or in close proximity to blob cells. Neighboring electrode
      penetrations within the same blob yielded cells of the same color opponency,
      either red versus green or blue versus yellow, suggesting that individual blobs
      are dedicated to processing one color opponency. Blobs dedicated to red/green
      color opponency were 3 times more numerous than blue/yellow blobs. Furthermore,
      the cells in layer 4C lying beneath blobs of a given color opponency had
      identical color opponency to the overlying cells in blobs. Cross-correlation
      analysis of pairs of nonblob, oriented cells in the superficial layers showed
      interactions between cells with matched orientation and eye preference, at
      varying horizontal separations. Such interactions are consistent with
      anatomically demonstrated clustered horizontal connections. Positive cross
      correlograms were found between blob cells in the same and in adjacent blobs when
      the cells' receptive field type, color opponency, and ocular dominance matched.
      Correlograms also indicated monosynaptic connections from Type II to modified
      Type II cells of the same color opponency, suggesting that Type II cells may
      contribute to the construction of the modified Type II fields in the
      cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367220
TI  - The human locus coeruleus: computer reconstruction of cellular distribution.
AB  - Quantitative neuroanatomical techniques were developed to map the distribution of
      norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in the adult human brain.
      These neurons reside in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum and are identifiable
      by their neuromelanin pigment content. Five brains, ranging in age from 60 to 104
      years, were examined. Outlines of coronal or sagittal sections containing the LC
      were entered into a computer along with the location of each cell, certain
      neuroanatomical landmarks, and cell size. Sections were aligned with specific
      neuroanatomical landmarks so that the computer-generated distribution of cells
      was representative of the in situ distribution of cells. Analysis of (1) the
      number of cells in sections throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus,
      (2) cell size, (3) 3-dimensional reconstructions of the distribution of cells
      within the brain stem, and (4) 2-dimensional cell-frequency maps, make it
      possible to quantitatively characterize the distribution of cells within this
      large nucleus. The total estimated number of LC cells on both sides of the brain
      ranged from 45,562 to 18,940 (youngest to oldest), and mean soma area ranged from
      835 to 718 micron 2 (youngest to oldest). The nucleus is "tube-like" in shape,
      has a rostrocaudal extent of approximately 16 mm, and is bilaterally symmetrical.
      Two-dimensional cell-frequency maps were developed to illustrate the regional
      distribution of cell frequencies at any rostrocaudal/mediolateral point on the
      horizontal plane; the total unilateral area of the LC ranged from 32.8 to 17.2
      mm2 (youngest to oldest). The techniques developed to characterize the 2- and 3
      dimensional distributions of LC neurons can be used in future studies to
      quantitatively examine the effects of aging and disease on this and other brain
      nuclei.

PMID- 3367221
TI  - Experimental diabetic neuropathy: similar changes of slow axonal transport and
      axonal size in different animal models.
AB  - Analysis of slow axonal transport in sciatic and primary visual systems of BB
      rats with spontaneous diabetes of 2.5-3.5 months duration revealed a delay in
      transport of the neurofilament (NF) subunits, tubulin, actin, and the 60, 52, and
      30 kDa polypeptides in both systems. The polypeptides examined were not affected
      uniformly. Rather, the transport of the 60, 52, and 30 kDa polypeptides and the
      rapidly moving component of tubulin, all constituents of the slow component b
      (SCb) of axonal transport, appeared to be more severely delayed than the
      transport of polypeptide constituents of the slow component a (SCa), such as NF
      and the slow-moving tubulin. Transport was not impaired in diabetic BB rats
      maintained normoglycemic with optimal doses of insulin. A 52 kDa polypeptide
      constituent of SCb was identified as neuron-specific enolase, and the 30 and 60
      kDa polypeptides are likely to be aldolase and pyruvate kinase; all 3 are
      glycolytic enzymes. Morphometric analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area
      of sciatic axons was increased proximally at the level of the motor roots and
      decreased distally at the level of the tibial nerve. The changes in slow
      transport and caliber observed in central and peripheral axonal systems of
      diabetic BB rats are virtually identical to those previously described in rats
      with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, another model of insulin-dependent
      diabetes. In both models, the alterations of axonal caliber are likely to be
      secondary to the impairment of axonal transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367223
TI  - Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine. San
      Francisco, California, June 14-17, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3367222
TI  - Metabolic activity in rat tectal grafts is influenced by host sensory
      innervation.
AB  - It has been shown previously that fetal tectal tissue grafted to the midbrain of
      newborn host rats grows, differentiates, and receives input from the host brain.
      In the present study, 4 neuroanatomical techniques have been combined to examine
      how metabolic activity in tectal transplants is influenced by an identified host
      sensory pathway. Tectal tissue from E15 pigmented rat embryos was transplanted to
      the midbrain region of anesthetized newborn rats of the same strain. Six to 22
      weeks later, the functional relationship between tectal transplants and the
      visual system of the host animal was examined by mapping metabolic activity in
      the grafts and relating this activity to the presence or absence of host retinal
      innervation. Metabolic activity in tectal grafts was assessed using the
      radioactive 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) method and cytochrome oxidase (CO)
      histochemistry. Graft regions receiving input from host retinal axons were
      demonstrated by anterograde labeling after bilateral intraocular injections of
      HRP or WGA-HRP; all areas in grafts that were homologous to the superficial
      layers of normal superior colliculus (SC) were identified using AChE
      histochemistry. The levels of metabolic activity demonstrated with 2-DG and CO
      varied between animals and within individual grafts. Grafts that did not connect
      with the host showed only low metabolic activity. In grafts that received host
      input, localized areas of high metabolic activity were seen with both 2-DG and
      CO. Highest levels of activity were consistently found in area containing both
      intense AChE activity and a high density of host retinal innervation.

PMID- 3367224
TI  - A management development program for middle level nurse managers.
AB  - In an economic-oriented, competitive health care environment, middle level nurse
      managers must now perform their roles with a higher level of managerial and
      leadership skills than previously required. A systematic, consistent approach to
      the development of nurse managers will assist them in meeting role
      responsibilities. The authors describe a management development program for
      middle level nurse managers. An orientation curriculum plan is presented and a
      framework for advanced management enhancements is illustrated.

PMID- 3367225
TI  - Decrease nursing shortage within your institution: build on your strengths.

PMID- 3367226
TI  - Preparing for and surviving a support services employee strike.
AB  - Labor stoppages in health care facilities occur periodically and strike terror
      into the hearts of those responsible for continuity of patient care and safety.
      This article describes preparation for and survival during an actual labor
      stoppage of support services personnel.

PMID- 3367227
TI  - Nursing case management: strategic management of cost and quality outcomes.
AB  - Nursing Case Management has four essential components: achievement of clinical
      outcomes within a prescribed timeframe; the care giver as case manager; episode
      based RN-MD group practices that transcend units; and active participation by
      patients/families in goal setting and evaluation. In the first year of
      implementation, nursing case management has shown positive resolutions for some
      of the complex issues facing health care administrators, managers, and
      clinicians. This article describes the model, its practical and philosophical
      origins, application, and early results.

PMID- 3367228
TI  - Establishing a profitable outpatient community nursing center.
AB  - In 1983, the newly implemented prospective payment system reduced the length of
      hospital stays, thereby curtailing many of the services that patients
      traditionally received. The Division of Nursing at Memorial Medical Center of
      Long Beach, California identified many patient needs that were no longer being
      addressed during the inhospital stay and began looking for a way for nurses to
      meet these needs on an outpatient basis. The result was the formation of Memorial
      Medical Center's Community Nursing Center.

PMID- 3367229
TI  - Where is quality assurance going?

PMID- 3367230
TI  - First line nurse managers: optimizing the span of control.
AB  - Span of control, the number of people reporting to a manager, is an important
      management concept. It determines the structure of an organization and has
      financial, human resource, and quality of care implications. In nursing, the
      first line manager fills one of the most critical roles in the administration of
      nursing services. For this manager to perform her responsibilities effectively,
      an optimal span of control is necessary. Span of control is influenced by a
      number of factors. By understanding these factors, we can influence them to
      optimize the span of control of the nurse manager.

PMID- 3367231
TI  - Comprehensive planning for AIDS-related services.
AB  - Because of the potentially devastating effects AIDS has on both individuals and
      the health care system, nursing administrators can take a leadership role in
      developing comprehensive and humane strategies to combat this disease. To develop
      such strategies, the authors present an AIDS-related services planning model for
      provision of patient care, human resource management, and community development.

PMID- 3367232
TI  - Role responsibilities of head nurses in primary nursing and team nursing units.

PMID- 3367233
TI  - An analysis of academic programs preparing nurse administrators.

PMID- 3367234
TI  - Budgeting for a nursing research program.

PMID- 3367235
TI  - Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in selected protein sources fed to
      mice.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was 1) to determine the apparent and true
      digestibilities in mice of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in commercially
      refined protein sources, and 2) to estimate metabolic fecal nitrogen (MFN)
      excretion. Each protein source was fed to adult female mice at 15 and 30% of a
      purified diet. A protein-free diet was included. Nutrient digestibility was
      determined by a fecal balance method with chromic oxide as a marker. Apparent
      digestibility of N in each protein source reflected the dietary N concentration
      and AA digestibility showed a similar trend. True digestibility (TD) of N was 97
      98% for Animal Nutrition Research Council reference protein, casein, gelatin and
      gliadin, 94-96% for lactalbumin and soy protein and 81% for zein. TD of AA
      generally reflected TD of N. MFN excretion (g/100 g dry matter consumed) was
      0.146 when the protein-free diet was fed and 0.151 by extrapolation to zero N
      intake. It was concluded that when commercially refined proteins are fed to mice,
      MFN excretion can be determined by either method, but this may not apply when the
      protein source contains antinutritive substances.

PMID- 3367236
TI  - Control of hepatic utilization of glutamine by transport processes or cellular
      metabolism in rats fed a high protein diet.
AB  - The hepatic metabolism of glutamine in rats adapted to a 15% casein high
      carbohydrate (HC) diet was compared to that in rats adapted to a 70% casein high
      protein (HP) diet. Portal glutamine concentrations in rats fed the HP diet were
      twice as high as those in rats fed the HC diet and glutamine was very efficiently
      extracted (40%) by the liver of rats fed the HP diet. From experiments of
      intraportal infusion of glutamine, it appeared that higher capacities of
      glutamine uptake develop in vivo in rats adapted to an HP diet. Hepatocytes
      isolated from such animals displayed higher capacities to metabolize glutamine to
      urea, even at physiological concentrations. This resulted from an increase of
      mitochondrial glutamine hydrolysis (observed in both intact and disrupted
      mitochondria) and from enhanced Na+-dependent glutamine transport (+50%, as
      measured by plasma membrane vesicles). In hepatocytes from rats fed the HC diet,
      glutamine breakdown was more efficiently stimulated by glucagon (and cAMP) than
      by vasopressin or epinephrine. In hepatocytes from rats fed the HP diet, this
      process was very responsive to both cAMP and Ca-dependent hormones. Metabolic
      adaptation to an HP diet results in the liver becoming a major site of glutamine
      utilization caused by adaptations of membrane transport, cell metabolism and
      tissue responsiveness to hormones.

PMID- 3367237
TI  - Free amino acid pools in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a longitudinal
      study.
AB  - To investigate abnormalities of metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) that might be related to the pathogenesis of hypertension, we measured
      concentrations of free amino acids in plasma and in homogenates of skeletal
      muscle from SHR and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. These pools
      were evaluated in rats aged 3.5, 6, 8 and 28 wk, corresponding to time points
      before, during and after onset of hypertension. Amino acid content of aortic
      tissue also was examined at 3.5 and 6 wk. In plasma, amino acid concentrations
      were relatively unchanged throughout the study. Free amino acid content of
      muscle, on the other hand, decreased markedly with age in both strains. The most
      consistent and quantitatively important difference between strains was the much
      smaller muscle pool of lysine in SHR at 3.5, 6 and 8 wk of age compared with WKY
      controls. The arginine pool was also smaller in SHR but only at 3.5 and 6 wk.
      Other urea cycle amino acids were also lower in muscle of SHR at 3.5 wk. These
      alterations in the muscle amino acid pool were mirrored in plasma and were also
      found in aortic tissue. Glutamine was higher in muscle and plasma of SHR at 6 wk
      and thereafter. At 28 wk, however, many amino acids, including the branched-chain
      amino acids and tyrosine and glutamine, were present at higher concentrations in
      muscle and plasma of SHR than in those of WKY rats. These differences, because
      they occur most strikingly in SHR during the prehypertensive state, may be
      related to the development of hypertension.

PMID- 3367238
TI  - A modified relative dose-response assay employing 3,4-didehydroretinol (vitamin
      A2) in rats.
AB  - 3,4-Didehydroretinol (vitamin A2, DR, dehydroretinol), a naturally occurring
      analogue of retinol (vitamin A1, R), is active in vision, growth and cellular
      differentiation but is converted to retinol in very small amounts, if at all.
      When vitamin A-depleted rats were given 500 micrograms of R acetate, a naturally
      occurring mixture of 480 micrograms DR ester and 20 micrograms R ester or 500
      micrograms DR acetate orally in corn oil, serum levels of all administered
      retinoids peaked between 3.5 and 5 h and then declined. When an oral dose of 600
      micrograms DR/kg body wt was administered to rats with various liver reserves of
      vitamin A, the serum ratio of DR to R at 3.5 h was inversely related to the liver
      reserves of vitamin A below approximately 2 micrograms/g liver. Because the
      administration of DR does not affect serum R values, a single blood sample taken
      at 3.5 h might provide information analogous to that obtained from two blood
      samples in the conventional relative dose-response method.

PMID- 3367239
TI  - Availability to chicks of biotin from dried egg products.
AB  - Two feeding experiments were conducted with duplicate groups of five chicks each
      to study the availability of biotin in spray-dried egg products. In the first
      experiment chicks that were fed diets containing 43% dried whole egg (DWE) grew
      poorly and developed perosis and dermatitis. The signs were prevented and growth
      improved progressively with supplementation of 0.5 and 1.0 mg biotin/kg diet. In
      the second experiment dried egg yolk (DEY) and dried egg white (DEW) were
      compared with DWE at equivalent levels of egg components. Signs of biotin
      deficiency and reduced growth were slightly more severe with DEW than with DWE,
      although liver biotin content was slightly lower at 0 and 0.5 mg biotin/kg with
      DWE than with DEW. Growth with DEY and no added biotin was not different from
      that with DEY and 500 or 1000 mg biotin/kg diet, although liver biotin was lower
      than when supplemental biotin was added. Liver fat was approximately five times
      greater in the groups receiving DWE and DEY than in the groups receiving DEW. The
      results show that the biotin contained in egg yolk is inadequate to counteract
      the deficiency of biotin caused by the avidin in egg white so that unheated dried
      whole egg is deficient in this vitamin.

PMID- 3367240
TI  - Abnormal molecules of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in the liver of
      vitamin B-6--deficient rats may be produced in the mitochondrial matrix.
AB  - The distribution of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (AspATm) in liver
      cells was studied in rats fed pyridoxine-deficient and control diets.
      Mitochondrial aminotransferase activity was found mainly in the matrix fraction,
      with smaller amounts in the outer membranes, intermembrane space and cytosol. The
      precursor of the enzyme was detected in the liver cytosol of both vitamin B-6-
      deficient and control rats, and its amount was similar in the two groups. When
      pyridoxal phosphate was added to the assay system, the ratio of enzyme activity
      to antigenic activity (E/A) of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase in the
      cytosol of both vitamin B-6--deficient and control rats was about 70% of that in
      the matrix of control rats. On the other hand, the E/A of the matrix enzyme in
      deficient rats was 53% of that of controls. From these results we concluded that
      pyridoxal phosphate is not necessary for translocation of mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase into mitochondrial matrix and that abnormal molecules of the
      enzyme may be formed in the matrix of vitamin B-6--deficient rat liver.

PMID- 3367241
TI  - Effect of dietary zinc or copper deficiency on the primary free radical defense
      system in rats.
AB  - The effect of dietary Zn or Cu deficiency on the primary free radical defense
      system was examined in the lungs and livers of 6-wk-old rats. Enzymatic
      components (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and
      nonenzymatic components (alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, glutathione and
      metallothionein) of the primary free radical defense system, as well as tissue
      concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe, were measured. Liver CuZn-superoxide dismutase
      and liver catalase activities were significantly lower (P less than 0.05), and
      lung metallothionein and liver ascorbate concentrations were significantly higher
      (P less than 0.05) in Cu-deficient rats than in either pair-fed or ad libitum-fed
      controls. Zn-deficient rats had a significantly lower (P less than 0.05)
      concentration of liver metallothionein than either control group. Other changes
      in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic components of the primary free radical defense
      system could be attributed to the reduction in feed intake by Zn- or Cu-deficient
      rats and not to a direct effect of the Zn or Cu deficiency per se. The primary
      free radical defense system in lung and liver of severely Zn- or Cu-deficient
      rats was not seriously compromised.

PMID- 3367242
TI  - Effect of dietary linoleic acid and essential fatty acid deficiency on resting
      metabolism, nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue in the rat.
AB  - Rats were fed a diet either deficient (0.05%) in essential fatty acids (EFA), or
      providing 4% (control) and 10% (surplus) of the total energy intake in the form
      of linoleic acid. All diets were isoenergetic and provided 13.9% of the energy as
      fat. The rats were kept at 29 or 5 degrees C. Growth and food intake of rats fed
      linoleic acid surplus at either temperature for 10 wk were not different from
      that of controls; basal metabolism, norepinephrine-induced nonshivering
      thermogenesis (NST) and thermogenic variables in the brown adipose tissue (amount
      of mitochondria and mitochondrial uncoupling protein) also were not different.
      The effects of EFA deficiency were drastically enhanced in the cold: After 10 wk
      of consuming a diet low in EFA at 5 degrees C, the body weight of rats was 75% of
      that of controls (87% at 29 degrees C); the food intake was 135% of controls at 5
      degrees C (120% at 29 degrees C). The resting respiration in deficient rats was
      125% of controls at 5 degrees C (110% at 29 degrees C); body temperatures as low
      as 35.1 degrees C were measured in deficient rats after 3 wk at 5 degrees C; the
      cold tolerance of the rats was significantly diminished (30% died within 3 wk at
      5 degrees C), thus emphasizing the essential role of dietary EFA during cold
      stress. Norepinephrine-induced NST and the thermogenic parameters in brown fat
      were not influenced by EFA deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367243
TI  - Reversal by ascorbic acid of suppression by endogenous histamine of rat
      lymphocyte blastogenesis.
AB  - Addition of concanavalin A (Con A) to a culture of spleen cells of ODS-od/od
      rats, which cannot synthesize ascorbic acid, increased the activity of histidine
      decarboxylase (HDC) in the culture, leading to accumulation of histamine (Hm) in
      the medium. Treatment of the culture with cimetidine, a type 2 Hm antagonist,
      enhanced Con A-dependent lymphocyte blastogenesis even in the absence of any
      exogenously added Hm. Addition of low doses of histaminase increased Con A
      dependent lymphocyte transformation. At higher doses, it abrogated the reaction.
      At concentrations of more than 10(-10) M, exogenously added Hm suppressed the Con
      A-dependent uptake of [3H]thymidine by the lymphocytes, but it significantly
      augmented the response at 10(-14) M. The addition of ascorbic acid (10(-8)-10(-5)
      M) to the culture suppressed the Con A-mediated HDC induction and inhibited Hm
      biosynthesis. Concomitantly added ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 10(-8)
      10(-4) M increased the uptake of [3H]thymidine dependent on Con A or
      phytohemagglutinin by the lymphocytes. These results suggest that mitogen
      dependent lymphocyte blastogenesis is activated by Hm produced by the spleen
      cells per se. However, when culture was prolonged, high concentrations of Hm
      suppressed the reaction. Ascorbic acid enhances mitogen-dependent lymphocyte
      blastogenesis through inhibition of HDC induction, leading to attenuation of
      immunosuppressive Hm production by the spleen cells.

PMID- 3367244
TI  - A competency-based tool for the clinical orientation & evaluation of psychiatric
      nurses.

PMID- 3367245
TI  - Movement to secure legal recognition of nursing as an independent profession.

PMID- 3367246
TI  - Involving staff nurses in nursing research.

PMID- 3367247
TI  - Family cohesion and perceived family closeness in Afro-American families with
      adolescent sons.

PMID- 3367248
TI  - Beneficial effects of prostaglandin E1 on autoperfused heart-lung preservation.
AB  - In an autoperfused heart-lung preservation the lungs usually deteriorate earlier
      than the heart. This study examines the effect of prostaglandin E1 on the lungs
      in a newly designed autoperfusion model for heart-lung preservation. This model
      provided constant preload and afterload with stable hemodynamic parameters so
      that precise changes of lung function could be measured. Lung function was
      evaluated by the changes of arterial blood gas, pulmonary vascular resistance,
      pulmonary compliance, and serial biopsies. Eighteen mongrel dogs were divided
      into two groups. Seven control dogs received no prostaglandin E1. The study group
      consisted of seven dogs that received continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (1,
      10, and 40 ng/kg/min) through the pulmonary artery. Attempts to infuse larger
      concentrations of prostaglandin E1 at 10 to 40 ng/kg/min resulted in ventricular
      fibrillation in four animals not included in the analysis. In the control group
      lung function showed good viability up to 5 hours; however, the lungs
      deteriorated, and lung edema occurred in all experiments after 9 hours. A lower
      dosage of prostaglandin E1 (1 ng/kg/min) infusion was effective in seven dogs,
      which prevented lung deterioration, and five of the seven lungs were well
      preserved for 10 hours with stable arterial oxygen tension, pulmonary vascular
      resistance, and pulmonary compliance. Ventricular fibrillation occurred at
      dosages of 10 to 40 ng/kg/min of prostaglandin E1 in four dogs. These dogs
      therefore were excluded from the analysis. In conclusion, prostaglandin E1
      appears to have a beneficial effect on autoperfused heart-lung preparation.

PMID- 3367249
TI  - Doctors, teachers, and AIDS.

PMID- 3367250
TI  - Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

PMID- 3367251
TI  - PLICO. A decision that has saved Oklahoma physicians millions of dollars.

PMID- 3367252
TI  - Human retroviruses and AIDS.

PMID- 3367253
TI  - Omissions and mistakes. HIV testing, counseling fall short of the mark.

PMID- 3367254
TI  - Role of pineal and eyes in the regulation of ovarian activity and vitellogenin
      levels in the catfish exposed to continuous light or continuous darkness.
AB  - To investigate the relative importance of pineal and eyes in ovarian activity,
      catfish subjected to pinealectomy, binding, or both were exposed to continuous
      light (LL) or continuous darkness (DD) during the different phases of the annual
      reproductive cycle. Pineal or eyes have no influence on ovarian activity during
      the preparatory, prespawning, and spawning periods of the annual reproductive
      cycle under these photoregimes. However, the pineal accelerated ovarian activity
      under LL and DD during the postspawning period. Blinding alone has no effect on
      ovarian recrudescence under these regimes. However, combined surgery (blinded
      pinealectomy) inhibited ovarian development under both these conditions,
      indicating that the pineal organ is more important than the eyes. Ovarian
      recrudescence occurred even in the absence of both pineal and eyes, indicating
      the involvement of extrapineal and extraocular photoreception in the regulation
      of reproductive activity in the catfish.

PMID- 3367255
TI  - The pineal gland in sudden infant death syndrome: preliminary observations.
AB  - Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) affects infants between 1 month and 1 yr of
      age, has no known cause, and is diagnosed by exclusion of all other causes of
      death. The primary mechanism of death in SIDS is considered to be irreversible
      respiratory cessation during sleep. In a small sampling at necropsy we have
      observed a statistically significant (P less than .005; determined
      morphometrically) reduction in the anatomic size of the pineal gland in SIDS
      infants, as compared to age-matched controls. Whether correspondingly altered
      pineal glandular function is present in SIDS is as yet unanswered.

PMID- 3367256
TI  - Lack of "synaptic" ribbons in the pineal gland of BALB/c mice.
AB  - In mammalian pinealocytes "synaptic" ribbons (SR) are regularly occurring
      organelles that are functionally poorly understood. Since in a number of studies
      on the mouse pineal gland the presence of SR has not been mentioned, it was the
      aim of this investigation to quantitate SR in mice. BALB/c mice were chosen,
      which have recently been shown to have a genetic defect for melatonin synthesis.
      The pineals of 15 mice killed at night, when SR numbers are normally high, were
      examined electron microscopically, scanning an area of greater than 20,000 micron
      2 per gland. In none of these pineals were SR detected. It is concluded that the
      lack or extreme rarity of SR in laboratory mice may be related to the inability
      of the gland to synthesize melatonin, not to the absence of melatonin per se, as
      melatonin administration in mice does not result in the occurrence of SR.

PMID- 3367257
TI  - Positive relationship between the nocturnal concentrations of melatonin and
      prolactin, and a stimulation of prolactin after melatonin administration in young
      men.
AB  - The relationship between the concentrations of melatonin and prolactin over the
      24-h cycle has been investigated in a group of young men at three times in the
      year. Melatonin and prolactin showed a significant positive correlation (P less
      than 0.001) for all times during the 24-h period but with a greater contribution
      from concentrations during the nocturnal period, when both hormones were
      elevated. The positive correlation for nocturnal concentrations was evident in
      February and March (P less than 0.01) but was of greatest significance in June (P
      less than 0.001). In blood samples taken at 15-min intervals during the morning
      (0800-1200) and evening (2000-2400), melatonin and prolactin concentrations were
      not significantly correlated. Melatonin concentrations increased before prolactin
      during the evening and decreased before prolactin in the morning. Oral
      administration of 6 mg melatonin significantly stimulated prolactin release above
      concentrations measured after placebo administration, in both the morning (P less
      than 0.05) and evening (P less than 0.01) time periods; the prolactin response
      being greater in the evening. These results provide evidence for melatonin
      controlling the nocturnal increase of prolactin via its ability to stimulate
      prolactin release.

PMID- 3367259
TI  - Interactive effects of stress and photoperiod history on gonadal condition in
      male Syrian hamsters.
AB  - A study of the effects of melatonin injections given to male Syrian hamsters
      (Mesocricetus auratus) late in the light phase in a 14L:10D photoperiod included
      control, oil-injected hamsters that had been transferred from a 16L:8D
      photoperiod. Many oil-injected hamsters underwent gonadal regression under these
      conditions. A literature review indicated that endocrine effects of 'control'
      injections are fairly common but that they might depend on previous photoperiodic
      history. A second study found that hamsters born and raised in 16L:8D had larger
      testes at 150 days of age than those raised in 14L:10D. Transfer from 16L:8D to
      14L:10D caused some unhandled hamsters to show gonadal regression while transfer
      to 14L:10D combined with daily oil injections caused most hamsters to undergo
      gonadal regression. Injections in animals maintained in 14L:10D throughout the
      study did not cause gonadal regression. These results indicate that stress
      effects can confound interpretation of drug treatments that require daily
      injections. They also demonstrate that the endocrine system of male Syrian
      hamsters distinguishes two photoperiods that are longer than the critical
      daylength (12.5 h). The effects of shortening daylengths may be potentiated by
      environmental stressors; together these may trigger gonadal regression at
      variable annual phases in anticipation of the critical daylength.

PMID- 3367258
TI  - Action of morphine on melatonin release in the rat.
AB  - Some data from the literature raised the possibility of an interaction between
      the opioidergic system and pineal secretion. The present study was undertaken in
      order to investigate the acute influence exerted by opioids upon plasma melatonin
      levels in the albino rat. Different doses of morphine hydrochloride were injected
      (1, 1.5, 2, 3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally into anaesthetized adult male rats bearing
      a cannula previously inserted into the carotid. Blood samples were collected
      subsequently at 30-min intervals, within a period of 90 min following drug
      administration. Plasma melatonin contents were determined by a radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) method. Acute administration resulted in a dose-dependent increase in
      plasma melatonin concentration when compared to the respective controls. This
      effect is blocked by pretreatment with Naloxone. The present result seem to
      support the hypothesis that the opioidergic system, in certain circumstances,
      might contribute to the activation of melatonin secretion.

PMID- 3367260
TI  - Local glucose utilization of the brain and pineal gland during stimulation of the
      cervical sympathetic trunk.
AB  - The quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was employed to map
      the metabolic activity of the superior cervical ganglion and the entire brain
      during unilateral electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk in the
      urethane-anesthetized rat. Stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk
      increased glucose utilization in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion
      (+95%) but did not produce side-to-side differences in glucose utilization in any
      of the brain structures examined in this study. Compared to the control
      nonstimulated animals, the rate of glucose metabolism in the pineal gland was
      increased 71% following stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk. The pineal
      gland was the only brain region out of 87 structures examined in which glucose
      utilization was increased by electrical stimulation of its sympathetic
      innervation.

PMID- 3367261
TI  - Photoperiodic sensitivity of prepubertal female Fisher 344 rats.
AB  - The laboratory rat is thought to be a poor model for study of the photoperiodic
      control of reproduction; however, this has only been investigated in a few rat
      strains. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the
      neuroendocrine-reproductive system of the Fisher 344 (F344) rat, an inbred
      strain, is sensitive to light deprivation. All treatments were performed on 28
      day-old female F344 rats and the animals maintained for 8 weeks in a 14:10
      light:dark cycle. Blinding resulted in a 65% (P less than 0.01) reduction in
      uterine weight and a 25% (P less than 0.01) decrease in ovarian weight.
      Accompanying these reductions in blinded animals were significant inhibitions of
      anterior pituitary weight, serum prolactin levels, and pituitary prolactin
      synthesis as measured in vitro. Pinealectomy of the blinded animals prevented all
      of these effects. Additionally, when olfactory bulbectomy, a procedure known to
      sensitize rats to the effects of photoperiod, was combined with blinding, the
      results did not differ significantly from that found with blinding alone. From
      these data we conclude that 1) the neuroendocrine-reproductive system of the
      prepubertal F344 female rat is highly sensitive to light deprivation; 2) light
      deprivation produces its antigonadotrophic effect through the pineal gland; and
      3) olfactory bulbectomy does not potentiate the effects of blinding in the F344
      rat.

PMID- 3367262
TI  - Constant pineal output and increasing body mass account for declining melatonin
      levels during human growth and sexual maturation.
AB  - Twenty-four-h urine samples, divided into two fractions representing night- and
      daytime melatonin production, were collected from 115 healthy individuals between
      the ages of 3 and 80, of known height and weight, and assayed for 6-hydroxy
      melatonin sulphate (SaMT), a major urinary metabolite of melatonin, by gas
      chromatography mass spectrometry. The population was divided for analytical
      purposes into children (boys aged 3-10.99, girls aged 3-9.59), adolescents (males
      aged 11-17.99, females aged 9.60-17.99), and adults (men and women over 18). The
      results showed approximately the same excretion over 24 h in all 3 groups but
      that the night/day ratio was considerably greater in children and adolescents
      compared to adults (P less than 0.001). However, when the results were expressed
      as a function of body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), or creatinine
      excretion (CE), nocturnal SaMT was higher in children than in adults (P less than
      0.001 for all 3 parameters) or adolescents (BW, P less than 0.001; BSA, P less
      than 0.002; CE, P less than 0.001) and was higher in adolescents than in adults
      (BW and BSA, P less than 0.001). Children also excreted more during the day than
      adults (BW, P less than 0.01; CE, P less than 0.001) or adolescents (BW alpha CE,
      P less than 0.02). Our results show that pineal output barely changes during
      childhood and adolescence. However, there is an age related decrease in SaMT
      excretion/unit body mass which correlates with an age-related increase in body
      mass. We therefore conclude that the decrease in circulating levels of melatonin
      during growth and sexual maturation is brought about by an increase in body mass.

PMID- 3367264
TI  - Subneuronal fate of intracerebroventricular injected 3H-melatonin.
AB  - The fate of 3H-melatonin after its intracerebroventricular administration was
      studied both in different brain regions and in subcellular fractions. The rate of
      disappearance of 3H-melatonin from the brain was found to be multiphasic. Forty
      eight h after a 3H-melatonin injection, radioactivity was still present in the
      brain. Nonlinear regression analysis of the data confirmed a very rapid half-life
      component and (t1/2 = 3.04 min) a slower one (t1/2 = 36 min). We also found a
      much slower component (t1/2 = 24 h), however. Considerable metabolism of
      melatonin was detected since only 36.5% of administered radioactivity remained as
      melatonin at 45 min. The subcellular distribution of the radioactivity present in
      the brain at all times studied showed that a major proportion of the
      radioactivity remained in the cytosol and respectively decreasing proportions in
      the 900g pellet, mitochondrial pellet, and the microsomes. The radioactivity
      remaining in the cytosol at 45 min was found to coelute with a macromolecule that
      was resolved by gel filtration and could be displaced by previous melatonin
      administration. Purified nuclei retained 0.71% of the radioactivity at 45 min; of
      this total, 73% was KCl extractable. Our data suggest the presence of a binding
      site in the cytosol and in the nucleus. The presence of 3H-melatonin up to 48 h
      after its administration may account for melatonin's long-term effects on brain
      function.

PMID- 3367263
TI  - Xenopus tadpole melanophores are controlled by dark and light and melatonin
      without influence of time of day.
AB  - Melanophores were studied in tadpoles of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus
      laevis, during the first week after hatching (stages 46-49) at 25 degrees C. The
      tadpoles had melanophores with dispersed melanosomes in the light and punctate
      melanophores in the dark in LD 12:12. The melanophores remained punctate in
      constant dark and the melanosomes remained dispersed in constant light. Lights
      out (in the light-time of LD 12:12) caused the melanophores to become punctate,
      which occurred more quickly than the dispersion of melanosomes, which commenced
      when the lights were turned on (in the dark-time of LD 12:12). Melanophores with
      dispersed melanosomes in tadpoles (in constant light) became punctate in response
      to a series of melatonin concentrations (0.2-5 ng/ml) in their bathing water
      irrespective of the time of day melatonin was administered. An image-analysis
      technique for assessing melanophore responses was tested.

PMID- 3367265
TI  - Annulate lamellae in the pineal organ of a tinamid bird.
AB  - This study reports the occurrence of annulate lamellae in the rudimentary
      photoreceptor cells of the pineal organ of a tinamid bird Crypturellus
      parvirostris. The annulate lamellae observed in these cells are located in the
      cell body and are comprised of 1 to 8 parallel lamellae, symmetrically aligned
      and regularly spaced. Each lamella consists of pairs of parallel membranes
      interrupted by regularly spaced pores or annuli. These observations are discussed
      and compared with the structure and distribution of these organelles referred in
      the literature.

PMID- 3367266
TI  - Quantitative cytological analysis of functional changes in adrenomedullary
      chromaffin cells in normal, sham-operated, and pinealectomized rats in relation
      to time-of-day: II. Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear size, and pars granulosa
      of nucleolus.
AB  - Adrenaline(A)- and noradrenaline(N)-cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated
      (NO), sham-operated (SO), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 125) were
      investigated by quantitative electron and light microscopy. Animals were killed
      at eight time points during a standardized 24-h, light-dark (12:12) cycle 14 days
      after surgery. Nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/P) ratios, diameters of nuclei, and the
      frequency of nucleoli showing a large amount of pars granulosa (granulated
      nucleoli), were the primary characteristics studied. Major findings include the
      following: 1) The frequency of low N/P ratios over a 24-h period tended to be
      higher in PX animals than in controls in A-cells, as shown in large cell profiles
      (P less than 0.02); but such a tendency was not apparent in N-cells. Daily mean
      nuclear diameters were similar among the three experimental groups. 2) The 24-h
      changing pattern of phase relations in the frequency of low N/P ratio and nuclear
      size differed between A- and N-cells in NO and SO but not in PX animals. 3) The
      frequency of granulated nucleoli in A-cells was much higher in PX animals than in
      NO and SO animals throughout a 24-h period (P less than 0.018), especially from
      the late light to early dark phase (P less than 0.003), and higher in A-cells
      than in N-cells generally (P less than 0.0009). Pinealectomy thus caused
      increases in the cytoplasm and in the pars granulosa of the nucleolus in many A
      cells; changes in N-cells were less apparent. This suggest a disturbed balance
      and coordination between A- and N-cell systems of adrenal medulla following
      pinealectomy.

PMID- 3367267
TI  - Purification and characterization of DSIP-like material from ovine pineal glands:
      possible peptide-protein interaction.
AB  - The nonapeptide delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) has been isolated from venous
      blood of rabbits induced to sleep. Numerous reports have described sleep as well
      as extra-sleep effects. Radiochemical and immunochemical data suggest a
      relationship of DSIP with the pineal gland supported by interactions of this
      peptide with pineal functions such as the serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity.
      In order to demonstrate the natural occurrence of DSIP-like material associated
      with high Mr proteins in the ovine pineal, organs were water-extracted and
      fractionated by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for
      DSIP-like fragments of the fractions revealed considerable amounts of pineal DSIP
      like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) apparently existing in small as well as large
      molecular forms. Acidification of large DSIP-LI forms resulted in the elution
      from Sephadex G-50 of Mr less than or equal to 1,000 DSIP-like material. This
      free DSIP-LI form coeluted with the synthetic DSIP nonapeptide from microBondapak
      C18 on high-performance liquid chromatography. The results, therefore, appear to
      indicate the presence of a (biospecific) noncovalent intermolecular interaction
      of DSIP (1-9) with proteins (Mr greater than or equal to 10,000) of the ovine
      pineal gland.

PMID- 3367268
TI  - Changes in the daily rhythm of serum testosterone levels following superior
      cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy in the cold-exposed rat: the role of the
      pineal.
AB  - The effect superior cervical sympathetic ganglionectomy (Gx) exerted on the daily
      rhythm of serum testosterone levels was investigated in cold-exposed rats.
      Rhythmic changes in pineal and pituitary weights were also measured. 1. Exposure
      to cold (10 degrees C for 72 h) resulted in a significant decrease of serum
      testosterone level and in an increase of the pineal weight. 2. In neutral ambient
      temperature (24 degrees C) Gx, 30 d after operation, led to a moderate,
      statistically insignificant increase of serum testosterone levels and to
      decreased pineal weights (statistically significant). 3. The reactions provoked
      by cold exposure were counteracted by Gx. Testosterone levels, as well as the
      pineal weight, showed no remarkable change in the Gx, cold-exposed animals. 4.
      These results confirm our assumption that experimental manipulations of the
      pineal gland can provoke significant changes in the neuroendocrine system only
      under special loading circumstances, e.g., cold exposure. Sympathetic denervation
      of the pineal gland counteracts the cold-induced decrease of testosterone levels
      by counteracting the pineal antigonadotropic activity. 5. The empirical
      regression curves of the investigated parameters indicate that Gx or cold
      exposure provide a shift in the upper and lower limits of the daily rhythm.
      Partly inverted rhythms were also observed. 6. The presented results are
      discussed in relation to the parallel changes previously described in serum
      thyroxin, cholesterol, thyrotropin (TSH), and pituitary TSH levels. Thyroidal
      gonadal interactions, as well as cold exposure as a stress-generating factor,
      have been considered in the possible explanation of the data herein reported.

PMID- 3367269
TI  - Circannual oscillations of thyroxine and cholesterol levels after pinealectomy
      and ganglionectomy related to the weight changes of the pineal, pituitary, and
      thyroid glands.
AB  - Circannual rhythms of thyroxine (T4) and cholesterol blood levels, as well as of
      pineal, pituitary and thyroid weights were compared in intact, pinealectomized
      (Px), and ganglionectomized (Gx) rats. Special emphasis was put on the
      similarities and differences between the effect of Px and of Gx exerted on the
      neuroendocrine regulation of thyroid function. Animals were kept under changing
      lighting schedules simulating the natural seasonal conditions (December, L:D
      8:16; June, L:D 16:8; March and September, L:D 12:12). Animals were killed 90 d
      after surgical interventions in the above-mentioned 4 months. In each season,
      animals were killed at four time points of the daily rhythm, and the means of the
      four data of a single day were used for further analysis evaluating circannual
      changes. All the investigated five parameters showed a monophasic circannual
      rhythm. The lowest T4 blood level was measured in summer; in contrast,
      cholesterol level and organ weights had a maximum in the same season of the year.
      The annual mean value of T4 level was diminished, while cholesterol level and
      pituitary and thyroid weights were increased in Px and Gx animals. Pineal weight
      showed a decrease in the Gx animals. Both Px and Gx failed to influence the
      circannual rhythms of the measured parameters. However, a significant T4
      decreasing effect of Px and Gx was observed in the second half of the year,
      whereas a cholesterol-level-increasing effect, as well as thyroid hypertrophy,
      was registered in the first half of the year. These results suggest a prothyroid
      function of the pineal gland.

PMID- 3367270
TI  - Reentrainment of rat circadian activity rhythms: effects of melatonin.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine whether daily melatonin injections could
      influence reentrainment of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in male Long
      Evans rats after phase shifts of the light dark (LD) cycle. When exposed to a 5-h
      advance of the LD cycle, six out of 15 rats injected daily with melatonin at the
      new dark onset reentrained by a phase delay of the activity rhythm. The remaining
      nine melatonin-injected rats and 14 of the 15 control injected rats phase
      advanced. Daily melatonin injections administered at the old dark onset did not
      alter direction of reentraining transients but decreased latency to reach steady
      state entrainment. In contrast, the effects of melatonin injections given at the
      end of both the old and new dark periods are difficult to interpret due to the
      effects of the injection procedure itself at these times. Following an 8-h
      advance of the LD cycle, all melatonin-injected rats phase advanced while all
      vehicle and uninjected control rats phase delayed when injections were given at
      the old dark onset. As has been found in other research areas, the time of day of
      melatonin administration appears to be a critical factor in its mode of action.
      It is yet to be established whether these results from the use of pharmacological
      doses of melatonin are indicative of endogenous melatonin's involvement in the
      circadian reentrainment mechanism.

PMID- 3367271
TI  - The relationship of parental perceptions and experiences to car seat use in rural
      children.

PMID- 3367272
TI  - Infant morbidity: a measurement of severity and occurrence of illness in preterm
      and term infants.

PMID- 3367273
TI  - Responsibility charting: a tool for team building.

PMID- 3367274
TI  - Developing programs for hospitalized children: clinical significance of
      qualitative research.

PMID- 3367275
TI  - Listening with the heart.

PMID- 3367276
TI  - Modularized orientation program for pediatric nurses.

PMID- 3367277
TI  - Chronic uncertainty: its effect on parental appraisal of a child's health.

PMID- 3367278
TI  - The effect of selected information on mothers' anxiety levels during their
      children's hospitalizations.

PMID- 3367279
TI  - Conceptions of states and traits: dimensional attributes with ideals as
      prototypes.
AB  - Traits and states are concepts that people use to both describe and understand
      themselves and others. We show that people view these concepts as prototype-based
      categories that have a graded internal structure and fuzzy boundaries and
      identify a set of attributes that define the prototypical cores of two
      categories: traits and states. Prototypical traits are stable, long-lasting, and
      internally caused. Prototypical states are temporary, brief, and caused by
      external circumstances. These prototypes are not defined by averages, as the
      family-resemblance principle would suggest, but by ideal (or extreme) attribute
      values. Like other ideal-based categories, traits and states serve particular
      goals. Trait concepts permit people to predict the present from the past; state
      concepts identify those behaviors that can be controlled by manipulating the
      situation. These two complementary schemas are part of the extensive theory of
      psychological causality that is implicit in language. Abstract social concepts
      differ from object categories in their category standards, the nature of their
      attributes, and the interrelations among those attributes.

PMID- 3367280
TI  - Outcome bias in decision evaluation.
AB  - In 5 studies, undergraduate subjects were given descriptions and outcomes of
      decisions made by others under conditions of uncertainty. Decisions concerned
      either medical matters or monetary gambles. Subjects rated the quality of
      thinking of the decisions, the competence of the decision maker, or their
      willingness to let the decision maker decide on their behalf. Subjects understood
      that they had all relevant information available to the decision maker. Subjects
      rated the thinking as better, rated the decision maker as more competent, or
      indicated greater willingness to yield the decision when the outcome was
      favorable than when it was unfavorable. In monetary gambles, subjects rated the
      thinking as better when the outcome of the option not chosen turned out poorly
      than when it turned out well. Although subjects who were asked felt that they
      should not consider outcomes in making these evaluations, they did so. This
      effect of outcome knowledge on evaluation may be explained partly in terms of its
      effect on the salience of arguments for each side of the choice. Implications for
      the theory of rationality and for practical situations are discussed.

PMID- 3367281
TI  - Specific forms of facial EMG response index emotions during an interview: from
      Darwin to the continuous flow hypothesis affect-laden information processing.
AB  - Previous research has demonstrated that mild negative emotional imagery and
      unpleasant sensory stimuli lead to greater electromyographic activity over the
      brow muscle region than mild positive imagery and stimuli, even in the absence of
      significant changes in visceral and general facial EMG activity. Previous
      research has not addressed whether electromyographic responses over the brow
      region are a sensitive and specific index of emotions, however, since a
      multiplicity of events lead to changes in brow activity. In this research, facial
      electromyographic and audiovisual recordings were obtained while individuals were
      interviewed about themselves. Afterwards, individuals were asked to describe what
      they had been thinking of during specific segments of the interview marked by
      distinctive electromyographic responses over the brow region in the context of
      ongoing but stable levels of activity elsewhere in the face. The results are
      interpreted in terms of a continuous flow hypothesis of affect-laden information
      processing.

PMID- 3367282
TI  - The evolution of human intrasexual competition: tactics of mate attraction.
AB  - Darwin's theory of sexual selection suggests that individuals compete with
      members of their own sex for reproductively relevant resources held by members of
      the opposite sex. Four empirical studies were conducted to identify tactics of
      intrasexual mate competition and to test four evolution-based hypotheses. A
      preliminary study yielded a taxonomy of tactics. Study 1 used close-friend
      observers to report performance frequencies of 23 tactics to test the hypotheses.
      Study 2 replicated Study 1's results by using a different data source and subject
      population. Study 3 provided an independent test of the hypotheses in assessing
      the perceived effectiveness of each tactic for male and female actors. Although
      the basic hypotheses were supported across all three studies, there were several
      predictive failures and unanticipated findings. Discussion centers on the
      heuristic as well as predictive role of evolutionary theory, and on implications
      for other arenas of intrasexual competition.

PMID- 3367283
TI  - The recognition of threatening facial stimuli.
AB  - Two studies examined the information that defines a threatening facial display.
      The first study identified those facial characteristics that distinguish between
      representations of threatening and nonthreatening facial displays. Masks that
      presented either threatening or nonthreatening facial displays were obtained from
      a number of non-Western cultures and scored for the presence of those facial
      features that discriminated between such displays in the drawings of two American
      samples. Threatening masks contained a significantly higher number of these
      characteristics across all cultures examined. The second study determined whether
      the information provided by the facial display might be more primary
      nonrepresentational visual patterns than facial features with obvious denotative
      meaning (e.g., diagonal lines rather than downturned eyebrows). The subjective
      response to sets of diagonal, angular, and curvilinear visual stimuli revealed
      that the nonrepresentational features of angularity and diagonality in the visual
      stimulus appeared to have the ability to evoke the subjective responses that
      convey the meaning of threat.

PMID- 3367284
TI  - Reactance and helplessness following exposure to unsolvable problems: the effects
      of attributional style.
AB  - I assessed the effects of internal-external attributional style and amount of
      unsolvable problems on subsequent task performance. Undergraduate subjects were
      divided according to their attributional style for bad events into internal,
      nondefined, and external attributors and were exposed to either one, four, or no
      unsolvable problems. Following exposure to a single unsolvable problem, internal
      attributors exhibited greater frustration and hostility and better performance in
      a subsequent cognitive task than did external attributors. Following exposure to
      four unsolvable problems, internal attributors exhibited stronger feelings of
      incompetence and a decrease in performance compared with external attributors.
      The results are discussed in terms of Wortman and Brehm's (1975) approach to
      reactance and helplessness.

PMID- 3367285
TI  - The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of
      gratification.
AB  - Delay of gratification, assessed in a series of experiments when the subjects
      were in preschool, was related to parental personality ratings obtained a decade
      later for 95 of these children in adolescence. Clear and consistent patterns of
      correlations between self-imposed delay time in preschool and later ratings were
      found for both sexes over this time span. Delay behavior predicted a set of
      cognitive and social competencies and stress tolerance consistent with
      experimental analyses of the process underlying effective delay in the preschool
      delay situation. Specifically, children who were able to wait longer at age 4 or
      5 became adolescents whose parents rated them as more academically and socially
      competent, verbally fluent, rational, attentive, planful, and able to deal well
      with frustration and stress. Comparisons with related longitudinal research using
      other delay situations help to clarify the important features of the situations
      and person variables involved in different aspects of delay of gratification.

PMID- 3367286
TI  - Mood, memory, and social judgments in children.
AB  - The influence of positive and negative moods on children's recall and recognition
      memory and impression-formation judgments was investigated in a two-list
      experimental design. A total of 161 schoolchildren, 8 to 10 years old, were
      presented with audiovisual information containing positive and negative details
      about 2 target children. Each presentation was preceded by happy or sad mood
      manipulations. One day later, the children were again placed in a happy or sad
      mood, and their recall and recognition memory and impression-formation judgments
      were assessed. Results showed that memory was better when (a) the children felt
      happy during encoding, retrieval, or both; (b) the material was incongruent with
      learning mood; (c) the 2 target characters were encountered in contrasting rather
      than in matching mood states; and (d) recall mood matched encoding mood. A happy
      mood increased the extremity of both positive and negative impression-formation
      judgments. Results are contrasted with experimental data obtained with normal or
      depressed adults, and implications are considered for contemporary theories of
      mood effects on cognition and for social-developmental research.

PMID- 3367287
TI  - Individual difference variables in close relationships: a contextual model of
      marriage as an integrative framework.
AB  - We examined and refined a contextual model of marriage (Bradbury & Fincham, 1987)
      in order to organize the associations between individual difference variables and
      satisfaction in close relationships. Seventy-eight spouses were administered
      instruments assessing marital satisfaction and individual differences in
      femininity, masculinity, dysfunctional relationship beliefs, and causal and
      responsibility attributions for marital difficulties. As predicted, higher levels
      of satisfaction were related to femininity and to partner's femininity, and lower
      levels of satisfaction were related to dysfunctional beliefs and less benign
      attributions. More important, two competing hypotheses relating to the contextual
      model were tested. A model in which the transitory, or proximal, context (e.g.,
      responsibility attributions for specific relationship events) mediates the
      relation between the stable, or distal, context (e.g., general beliefs about
      relationships) and satisfaction was refuted. Support was obtained, however, for a
      model in which proximal and distal variables both account for unique variance in
      marital satisfaction. The usefulness of distinguishing between transitory and
      stable variables and the implications of the contextual model for organizing
      research on close relationships are discussed.

PMID- 3367288
TI  - Polysectional triaxial posting. A new process for incorporating correction in
      foot orthoses.

PMID- 3367290
TI  - Pediatric treatment modalities of the lower extremity.

PMID- 3367289
TI  - Aloe vera. A natural approach for treating wounds, edema, and pain in diabetes.

PMID- 3367291
TI  - Great to-to-hand free tissue transfer. A case report.

PMID- 3367292
TI  - Intra-articular comminuted calcaneal fractures. A brief review and case
      presentation.

PMID- 3367294
TI  - Angioleiomyoma.

PMID- 3367293
TI  - AIDS: professional liability implications for the podiatrist.

PMID- 3367295
TI  - The Kinetic Wedge.

PMID- 3367296
TI  - Cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3367297
TI  - Discriminative stimulus properties of the isomers of pentobarbital and
      secobarbital in pigeons.
AB  - To date there have been no reports on the discriminative stimulus properties of
      barbiturate isomers in laboratory animals or man in which the individual isomers
      were used in the development of the discrimination. To determine what
      stereospecificity might exist for the stimulus properties of barbiturate isomers,
      one group of pigeons was trained to discriminate 5 mg/kg of (S)-(-)-pentobarbital
      from saline and another group was trained to discriminate 8 mg/kg of (R)-(+)
      pentobarbital from saline. After responding had stabilized, dose-response curves
      were determined in both groups for (S)-(-)-pentobarbital (0.3-10 mg/kg), (R)-(+)
      pentobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg), (S)-(-)-secobarbital (0.3-10 mg/kg), (R)-(+)
      secobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg), racemic Na.pentobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg) and racemic
      Na.secobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg). In both groups of pigeons, both isomers of
      pentobarbital and secobarbital, as well as racemic pentobarbital and racemic
      secobarbital, showed complete generalization to the training stimulus. For both
      pentobarbital and secobarbital, the S-(-) isomers showed generalization to the
      training drug at lower doses than the corresponding R-(+) isomers. No differences
      were observed in the dose-response curves for the racemic mixtures as a function
      of the training drug. Thus, no stereoselective differences other than potency
      could be demonstrated for the stimulus properties of the isomers of pentobarbital
      and secobarbital.

PMID- 3367298
TI  - Effects of antibiotics on uptake of calcium into isolated nerve terminals.
AB  - The goal of the present study was to determine whether several antibiotics which
      are known to block neuromuscular transmission would impair depolarization
      dependent and/or -independent uptake of calcium into isolated nerve terminals
      prepared from forebrain synaptosomes of rats by conventional methods. Antibiotics
      tested for potential block of Ca++ uptake included the aminoglycosides neomycin
      and streptomycin, the lincosamide clindamycin, oxytetracycline and polymyxin B.
      Drugs were applied in concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 microM. Uptake of
      45Ca was determined during depolarization induced by an elevated K+ concentration
      (77.5 mM). Influxes of 45Ca during 1 and 10 sec of depolarization were used to
      assess Ca++ uptake via a "fast, inactivating path" and total uptake,
      respectively. Uptake of 45Ca during 10 sec of depolarization into synaptosomes
      which were previously depolarized for 10 sec in the presence of 77.5 mM K+ but in
      the absence of external Ca++ was used to measure uptake during a "slow,
      noninactivating path." Total depolarization-dependent uptake of 45Ca was
      depressed significantly by all antibiotics tested except oxytetracycline;
      however, the various agents differed with respect to their efficacy and potency
      as blockers of Ca influx. The fast component of uptake, which is thought to be
      associated with neurotransmitter release, was decreased significantly by all
      antibiotics. Neomycin and polymyxin were the most potent and most effective at
      lowering fast phase 45Ca influx; streptomycin, was intermediate in effectiveness
      whereas clindamycin and oxytetracycline were only effective at concentrations
      greater than or equal to 100 microM. Only clindamycin, streptomycin and polymyxin
      B caused significant reductions in the "slow" phase of 45Ca uptake.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367299
TI  - Chronic alcohol effects on anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones in healthy
      women.
AB  - The effects of chronic alcohol intake on menstrual cycle status and hormonal
      function were studied in 26 healthy, adult women under controlled research ward
      conditions. Women were classified as heavy, social or occasional alcohol users on
      the basis of the actual number of drinks consumed during 3 consecutive weeks of
      alcohol availability. Heavy, social and occasional users drank an average of 7.81
      ( +/- 0.69), 3.84 ( +/- 0.19) and 1.22 ( +/- 0.21) drinks/day, respectively. This
      drinking pattern was highly consistent with subjects' self-reports of alcohol use
      before the study. No evidence of menstrual cycle dysfunction or abnormality in
      reproductive hormone levels was found in the occasional drinkers or in two of the
      social drinkers who consumed less than an average of three drinks/day. In
      contrast, 50% of the social drinkers who consumed more than three drinks/day and
      60% of the heavy drinkers had significant derangements of menstrual cycle and
      reproductive hormone function. The major abnormality found in social drinkers was
      anovulatory cycles, and three of the five women who were heavy drinkers had
      persistent hyperprolactinemia. These findings suggest that alcohol-related
      menstrual cycle and reproductive hormone dysfunction may be more prevalent among
      women who are social and heavy drinkers than has been assumed previously.

PMID- 3367300
TI  - Micturition in the unanesthetized rat: spinal vs. peripheral pharmacology of the
      adrenergic system.
AB  - The pharmacology of the spinal and peripheral adrenergic receptor-subtypes
      controlling the micturition reflex was studied in a chronic unanesthetized rat
      model by continuous infusion of saline in the bladder and cystometrography after
      intrathecal (i.t.) and i.p. injections, respectively. Due to the absence of a
      catheter in the urethra, the bladder contraction-sphincter relaxation coupling
      could be assessed very precisely. For each agent tested in this study, dose
      response curves were established. Norepinephrine (i.p.), methoxamine (i.p.) and
      ST-91 (i.p. and i.t.) produced an increase in frequency of bladder contraction. A
      decrease in frequency was observed after i.p. injection of isoproterenol (30
      micrograms) and terbutaline (300 micrograms). Phentolamine, yohimbine,
      propranolol (i.p. and i.t.), isoproterenol (i.t.) and methoxamine (i.t.) had
      little or no effects on frequency of contraction at the highest doses examined.
      In addition, norepinephrine (i.p.), isoproterenol (i.p. and i.t.), ST-91 (i.p.),
      terbutaline (i.p.), phentolamine (i.p.) and yohimbine (i.p.) produced some
      relaxation of the bladder outlet. Methoxamine (i.p.) produced an increase in tone
      of the outlet. Propranolol (i.p. and i.t.), methoxamine (i.t.), ST-91 (i.t.),
      phentolamine (i.t.) and yohimbine (i.t.) had little or no effects on the tone of
      the bladder outlet at the highest doses examined. Those observations suggest that
      peripherally, catecholamines modulate the frequency of bladder contraction
      (increase through alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors; decrease through beta-2
      receptors), and the tonic activity of the bladder outlet (increase in tone
      through alpha-1 receptors; relaxation through alpha-2 and beta-2 receptors). At
      the spinal level, noradrenergic systems appear to modulate the frequency of
      contraction and sphincter tone through alpha-2 receptors. Isoproterenol effects
      after i.t. injection are thought to be due to systemic distribution. However,
      absence of effects after i.t. injection of adrenergic antagonists suggests that
      spinal adrenergic systems might not be active during a normal volume-evoked
      micturition reflex, but might be activated in special circumstances, such as the
      voluntary act of retaining urine.

PMID- 3367301
TI  - Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance
      and effects on blood pressure.
AB  - The effects of acute and chronic intrathecal (i.t.) administration of the opioid
      receptor agonist, morphine, or the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, on
      nociception and blood pressure were examined in rats. In rats lightly
      anesthetized with pentobarbital, morphine produced dose-dependent inhibition of
      the nociceptive tail-flick reflex (ED50 = 10.0 micrograms) and small, non-dose
      related pressor effects. These effects were antagonized by pretreatment with the
      opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (30.0 micrograms i.t.), whereas the alpha-2
      adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (30.0 micrograms i.t.) potentiated the pressor
      effects and did not alter the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Chronic
      treatment with morphine (32.0 micrograms/day for 7 days) produced tolerance to
      the antinociceptive effects of morphine in conscious rats, and chronic morphine
      or chronic clonidine (32.0 micrograms/day for 7 days) reduced the antinociceptive
      potency of morphine in lightly anesthetized rats. The pressor effects of morphine
      were attenuated by chronic morphine and were converted to marked, dose-dependent
      depressor effects by chronic clonidine. Clonidine dose dependently inhibited the
      tail-flick reflex in lightly anesthetized rats (ED50 = 1.7 micrograms) and
      produced biphasic effects on blood pressure; lesser doses (0.1-3.2 micrograms)
      produced depressor effects whereas a greater dose (10.0 micrograms) produced a
      pressor response. Yohimbine, but not naloxone, antagonized the antinociceptive
      effects of clonidine, whereas both yohimbine and naloxone altered the dose
      response function for the effects of clonidine on blood pressure. Tolerance
      developed to the antinociceptive effects of clonidine in the hot-plate, but not
      in the tail-flick, test in conscious rats. In lightly anesthetized rats, the
      antinociceptive potency of clonidine was reduced by chronic clonidine or chronic
      morphine, whereas chronic clonidine, but not chronic morphine, shifted the dose
      response function for effects of clonidine on blood pressure to the right. These
      results indicate that the antinociceptive effects of acute i.t. morphine and
      clonidine are mediated by spinal opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors,
      respectively. However, tolerance to and cross-tolerance between i.t. morphine and
      i.t. clonidine suggest that spinal opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic systems interact
      in producing antinociception. These systems also appear to interact in complex
      ways to exert effects on blood pressure.

PMID- 3367302
TI  - Pyrimidine dideoxyribonucleosides: selectivity of penetration into cerebrospinal
      fluid.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratios of 1 to 30% were obtained in rhesus
      monkeys for the 3'-azido- and 2',3'-dideoxy-analogs of thymidine, deoxycytidine
      and deoxyuridine. Penetration of thymidine and deoxyuridine analogs was much
      greater than for deoxycytidine analogs. Octanol/buffer partition coefficients
      varied more than 30-fold, but did not correlate with CSF entry. Plasma protein
      binding was insignificant for all compounds. The presence or absence of the azido
      group at position 3' did not appear to influence the extent of CSF penetration.
      Although we do not fully understand the mechanistic basis for the penetration of
      these nucleosides into the CSF, it is apparent that the structural specificity is
      related more closely to the nucleobase than the sugar. Based upon elimination
      rates from the CSF after direct intrathecal injection, the differences in net
      penetration are determined by influx rather than efflux processes.

PMID- 3367303
TI  - Estimation of mercury burdens in rats by chelation with dimercaptopropane
      sulfonate.
AB  - The chelation of mercury by 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate (DMPS) and its
      usefulness in the estimation of mercury burdens was investigated by exposing
      male, Sprague-Dawley rats to 203HgCl2 (0.1-2 mg of Hg per kg i.p.) or 203Hg vapor
      (0.5-2.0 mg of Hg per m3). DMPS (0.2-2.0 mmol/kg) was injected i.p. at times
      ranging from 1 to 38 days after exposure to the mercurial. Urine and feces were
      collected for 24 hr before and after DMPS treatment. Whole body mercury levels,
      tissue levels and excretion of mercury were measured by radioactivity counting.
      After DMPS treatment there was a significant decrease of whole body mercury
      levels and an increase in urinary excretion. The increase in urinary excretion
      was directly proportional to the whole body burden of mercury at the time of
      dosing with DMPS in animals dosed with HgCl2 and exposed to mercury vapor.
      Furthermore, the increase in urinary excretion induced by DMPS was almost equal
      to the amount of mercury lost from the kidneys.

PMID- 3367304
TI  - Aging and drug interactions. II. Effect of phenytoin and smoking on the oxidation
      of theophylline and cortisol in healthy men.
AB  - The effect of age on the induction of theophylline metabolism by phenytoin was
      examined in healthy young and old male cigarette smokers (greater than or equal
      to 20 cigarettes/day) and nonsmokers. Two single dose studies of theophylline
      pharmacokinetics were performed, one as a base-line control and another after a 2
      week course of phenytoin. Phenytoin was administered as an i.v. loading dose
      followed by oral ingestion. The dose was adjusted to achieve total phenytoin
      plasma concentrations within a low therapeutic range (10-13 micrograms/ml). Free
      phenytoin concentrations in plasma were slightly higher in old (nonsmokers 0.84
      +/- 0.13 micrograms/ml; smokers 0.89 +/- 0.12 micrograms/ml) than in young
      (nonsmokers 0.75 +/- 0.10 micrograms/ml; smokers 0.72 +/- 0.10 micrograms/ml)
      subjects, but the differences were not significant. Base-line plasma theophylline
      clearance was 30% lower in old compared with young nonsmokers (34.0 +/- 2.5 vs.
      48.8 +/- 2.6 ml/hr/kg, P less than .001), whereas the small age difference
      between old and young smokers (86.0 +/- 8.4 vs. 72.4 +/- 8.0 ml/hr/kg) was not
      significant. Smokers had higher values of theophylline clearance than nonsmokers
      regardless of age. Half-life was prolonged in old nonsmokers in proportion to
      decreased clearance, despite a slight decrease in volume of distribution.
      Phenytoin induced theophylline metabolism to an equal degree in both age groups
      and in both smokers (young 42.6 +/- 6.5%; old 47.3 +/- 3.6%) and nonsmokers
      (young 56.3 +/- 8.8%; old 45.4 +/- 6.4%). The magnitude of its induction in
      smokers was additive to that of cigarette smoking. Old age was associated with a
      modest selective reduction in N-demethylated metabolic pathways to 3
      methylxanthine and 1-methyluric acid, whereas smoking preferentially induced the
      formation of these products. Phenytoin increased the production of all
      theophylline primary metabolites to an equal degree in both old and young
      subjects. The urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol was not influenced
      significantly by age or smoking and increased 2- to 3-fold in all subject groups
      with phenytoin. These results confirm earlier observations of a reduction in
      basal oxidative capacity in elderly nonsmoking males. They also demonstrate that
      the ability to induce the metabolism of theophylline by smoking or phenytoin and
      the ability to induce the metabolism of cortisol by phenytoin are maintained in
      old age.

PMID- 3367305
TI  - Dual action of morphine on fetal breathing movements.
AB  - Morphine has been reported to both stimulate and suppress fetal breathing
      movements (FBM). In light of these conflicting reports, we have conducted a
      systematic dose-response analysis of the effects of morphine on FBM in 27 fetal
      lambs. Morphine was infused directly to the fetus in doses ranging from 0.075 to
      80 mg/hr. Low doses (0.075-2.5 mg/hr) resulted in a progressive increase in the
      relative incidence of FBM, whereas higher doses (greater than 2.5 mg/hr)
      decreased FBM with total apnea observed at 80 mg/hr. This biphasic response can
      be fitted as the sum of two sigmoidal log dose-response curves. Both stimulation
      and suppression of FBM by morphine were abolished by naloxone pretreatment,
      indicating that both responses are mediated by activation of opioid receptors.
      The dual action of morphine on FBM may be due to different opioid receptor
      subtypes or different sites of action.

PMID- 3367306
TI  - Physiological model for tissue glutathione depletion and increased resynthesis
      after ethylene dichloride exposure.
AB  - Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is metabolized by two competing pathways both of which
      consume glutathione (GSH). EDC undergoes oxidation to form chloroacetaldehyde
      (CAA) which is detoxified by GSH and also reacts directly with GSH to form 2-(s
      chloroethyl)-GSH. A physiological pharmacokinetic model developed for EDC was
      extended to describe tissue GSH turnover and its depletion after EDC exposures.
      This GSH model was necessary to keep track of GSH concentrations with time, as
      EDC metabolism is affected by GSH status. Reactions of GSH with EDC and GSH with
      CAA were defined as second-order. Steady-state GSH formation was modeled as zero
      order and GSH loss as first-order. GSH rebound effects after its depletion were
      controlled by a GSH synthetase reaction, which allowed time- and GSH
      concentration-dependent feedback for increased GSH resynthesis. The model was
      developed for liver GSH in the rat and was extrapolated to include the lung.
      Allometric scaling was used to extrapolate the model to other animal species.
      Experimental observations in the rat and mouse were consistent with model
      predictions.

PMID- 3367307
TI  - Dose dependent morphine-induced pupillary fluctuations in the rat: frequency
      analysis.
AB  - Pupillary fluctuation induced by s.c. injection of morphine sulfate was studied
      in the rat using an infrared video pupillometer. The frequency and amplitude of
      the induced fluctuations throughout 47 min after drug injection was quantified
      using fourier analysis. Pupil fluctuation frequency was for the most part less
      than 0.25 Hz. The frequency profile showed a systematic increase in fluctuation
      amplitude with decreasing frequency. Aside from this systematic increase, no
      other consistent frequency trend was observed. The maximum drug effect occurred
      at approximately 15 min postinjection and remained constant for the remaining 30
      min of the experiment. When fluctuation amplitude for all frequencies was pooled,
      a statistically significant, dose-dependent increase in fluctuation was found,
      with a peak effect between 10 and 40 mg/kg. Using frequency analysis techniques,
      we have demonstrated that pupil fluctuation induced by s.c. morphine
      administration in the rat is, like the concomitant mydriasis, a dose-related
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3367308
TI  - Delivery of human interferon-alpha to brain by transient osmotic blood-brain
      barrier modification in the rat.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of human lymphoblastoid interferon (IFN-alpha)
      delivery to normal rat brain were examined. IFN-alpha concentrations in brain
      parenchyma could only be detected 120 min after its intravascular administration,
      and were 0.003% per gram of the administered dose. The mean cerebrovascular
      permeability-surface area (permeability x surface area) product to IFN, 120 min
      after infusion, was 0.35 x 10(-6) sec-1, which is not significantly different
      from zero. Neither i.v. nor intracarotid IFN-alpha administration significantly
      affected delivery to brain. Intrathecal administration of IFN-alpha, via the
      cisterna magna, resulted in undetectable concentrations in brain tissue and
      plasma at 30 and 60 min. However, osmotic blood-brain barrier opening
      significantly increased IFN-alpha delivery to brain after its carotid
      administration. A maximum concentration of 0.18% per gram of the total
      administered dose was achieved at 120 min, and the cerebrovascular permeability
      surface area was increased to 30.8 x 10(-6) sec-1. Intracerebral IFN-alpha
      concentrations did not decline significantly during the 240 min study. Osmotic
      blood-brain barrier opening increased the area under the brain concentration vs.
      time curve, measured between 30 and 240 min, from 0.012 x 10(6) U.min/g, in
      controls, to 1.24 x 10(6) U.min/g, at least 100-fold. This study indicates that
      osmotic blood-brain barrier opening significantly increases the delivery of IFN
      alpha into brain, and that delivered remains within the brain for many hours.

PMID- 3367309
TI  - Competing pathways in drug metabolism. I. Effect of input concentration on the
      conjugation of gentisamide in the once-through in situ perfused rat liver
      preparation.
AB  - Sulfation and glucuronidation are two parallel pathways for the metabolism of
      phenolic substrates. Gentisamide (GAM) was used as a model compound to examine
      the effects of parallel competing pathways on drug disappearance and metabolite
      formation in the once-through perfused rat liver preparation. GAM was found to
      form one glucuronide (GAM-5G) and two sulfate (GAM-2S and GAM-5S) conjugates.
      These GAM conjugates were biosynthesized in recirculating rat liver preparations,
      and were isolated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Specific
      incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate and [14C]glucose into GAM sulfate and
      glucuronide conjugates revealed corresponding elution patterns as labeled GAM
      metabolites. Their identities were characterized by enzymatic and acid hydrolyses
      and by NMR spectroscopy. Gentisamide-5-sulfate (GAM-5S) and gentisamide-5
      glucuronide (GAM-5G) are major metabolites, and gentisamide-2-sulfate (GAM-2S) is
      a minor metabolite. Single-pass rat liver perfusions were used to examine the
      effect of stepwise increases/decreases of input GAM concentration (CIn) on the
      extraction ratio (E) of GAM and formation of metabolites. The E of GAM remained
      constant (about 0.89) at input concentrations from 0.9 to 120 microM and
      decreased at CIn greater than 120 microM. Metabolite patterns, however, changed
      with GAM CIn, even when E was constant at CIn up to 120 microM. GAM-5S was
      present as the major metabolite of GAM at all GAM CInS in most liver preparations
      but the proportions of GAM-5S and GAM-2S decreased at increasing CIn; the
      proportion of GAM-5G, a minor metabolite at low CIn, increased with increasing
      CIn. Biliary excretion rates at steady state accounted for 5.3 +/- 2.7% (mean +/-
      S.D.) of the input rate: GAM-5G was the predominant metabolite found. Fitting the
      metabolic data (sum of the rates of efflux in bile and perfusate at steady state)
      and the logarithmic average drug concentration at the various CIn to the
      Michaelis-Menten equation furnished parameter estimates for the three metabolic
      pathways. The estimated Km and Vmax values were quite comparable: for GAM-2S
      formation, 22 microM and 287 nmol/min; for GAM-5S formation, 26 microM and 978
      nmol/min; for GAM-5G formation, 71 microM and 1062 nmol/min, indicating that
      sulfation and glucuronidation are effective competing pathways of each other. In
      viewing the fate of GAM over the CIn range, a changing metabolic fate of GAM over
      a constant E was noted at CIn less than 120 microM: the sum of the rates of
      metabolite formation was proportional to CIn.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367311
TI  - Renal action of a novel uricosuric diuretic, S-8666. II. Effects on Cl- and urate
      transport in isolated perfused rabbit renal tubules.
AB  - We have studied the effect of the two enantiomeric forms of the diuretic agent, S
      8666 [6,7-dichloro-5-(N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl)-2,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran carboxylic
      acid], on the Cl- transport across the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's
      loop (CAL) and on urate transport across the proximal tubule, using the in vitro
      microperfusion technique of individual tubular segments isolated from the rabbit
      kidney. S-8666 in the lumen reduced significantly the lumen-positive voltage in
      CAL. The suppression of lumen-positive voltage was instantaneous, and the effects
      were reversible when the drug was eliminated from the perfusate. These effects
      were observed with the (S-)-enantiomer of S-8666 but not with the (R+)
      enantiomer. S-8666 did not affect the lumen-positive voltage when it was added to
      the bathing fluid. The lumen to bath 36Cl flux in CAL also was reduced by
      addition of S-8666 to the perfusate. S-8666 in the lumen inhibited the lumen-to
      bath [14C]urate flux in both proximal convoluted tubule and proximal straight
      tubule. It also reduced the bath-to-lumen urate flux when it was added to the
      bath. Enantioselectivity was not found for these inhibitory effects on urate
      transport of S-8666. We conclude: 1) the (S-)-enantiomer of S-8666, but not the
      (R+)-enantiomer, has a direct effect on the Cl- transport in the CAL, acting from
      the luminal side and 2) both enantiomers of S-8666 inhibit urate to transport in
      proximal tubules.

PMID- 3367310
TI  - Renal action of a novel uricosuric diuretic, S-8666. I. Clearance and tubular
      microinjection studies in rats.
AB  - Clearance and tubular microinjection techniques were used to evaluate the effects
      of a novel uricosuric diuretic, S-8666, on renal function and tubular absorption
      of urate by the rat kidney. Tubular sites of diuretic action of S-8666 were
      determined indirectly using osmolar clearance techniques. The i.v. injection of S
      8666 at a dose ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 mg caused a dose-dependent increase in
      urine flow and sodium excretion. Potassium excretion was increased significantly
      but the increase was not marked as compared with sodium excretion. Glomerular
      filtration rate was not changed by S-8666. The diuretic response reached a
      maximum within 5 min and was retained for 45 min with 1 mg of S-8666. The
      comparison with the effect of furosemide revealed that furosemide was 13 times
      more potent than S-8666. Both the free water reabsorption on hydropenia and free
      water clearance in hydrated animals decreased with administration of S-8666. The
      urinary excretion of urate increased significantly after the administration of S
      8666. By contrast, furosemide did not increase urinary excretion of urate. Total
      urinary urate recovery after S-8666 administration was higher after the
      microinjection of [14C]urate into early proximal tubule sites. We conclude that S
      8666 acts as a uricosuric diuretic agent with the major site of altered urate
      absorption being in the proximal convoluted tubule and the major site of diuretic
      action being in the cortical and medullary diluting segments.

PMID- 3367312
TI  - Relationship between smooth muscle volume and contractile response in airway
      tissue. Isometric versus isotonic measurement.
AB  - Two different methods of recording contractile response (isometric and isotonic)
      were used in both spirally cut and intact ring preparations of rabbit airways.
      The volume of smooth muscle in each airway preparation was compared with the
      amount of contraction induced by histamine and carbachol. There were significant
      relationships between smooth muscle volume and carbachol-induced contraction
      measured isometrically in spiral and ring preparations. There also was a
      significant relationship between the proportion of airway smooth muscle and the
      histamine-induced contraction measured isometrically on ring preparations. There
      were no significant relationships between smooth muscle volume or proportion of
      airway smooth muscle and the carbachol or histamine contraction measured
      isotonically. It is concluded that isometric measurements may provide a more
      accurate representation of smooth muscle changes in response to agonists in
      vitro. This may indicate that hyper-responsiveness of airway smooth muscle in
      vitro is more likely to be detected by isometric rather than isotonic
      measurements.

PMID- 3367313
TI  - Ketoconazole inhibits the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of all-trans-retinoic
      acid.
AB  - Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent and inhibitor of certain mammalian cytochrome P
      450-dependent enzymes, was studied for its effects on the in vitro and in vivo
      metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). In vitro, ketoconazole (Ki = 0.75
      microM) inhibited, in an apparently competitive manner, the cytochrome P-450
      mediated metabolism to 4-hydroxy- and 4-keto-retinoic acids by hamster liver
      microsomes. In vivo, ketoconazole suppressed the formation of polar RA
      metabolites by normal rats dosed intrajugularly with 200 ng of [3H]RA. After p.o.
      treatment with ketoconazole (2.5-40 mg/kg) given 1 hr before the [3H]RA
      injection, the radioactivity extracted from the liver consisted of 25 to 50%
      polar metabolites (control 66 +/- 1%) and 50 to 75% undegraded RA (control 34 +/-
      1%) as evidenced by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Time
      course experiments showed that ketoconazole's inhibitory effects lasted for 3 hr.
      Our data indicate the quantitative importance of the cytochrome P-450 enzymatic
      pathway in the biotransformation of RA. They also suggest that ketoconazole is
      capable of prolonging the biological half-life of RA and of improving the tissue
      levels of this compound.

PMID- 3367314
TI  - Use of a new pulsatile perfused rat aorta preparation to study the
      characteristics of the vasodilator effect of parathyroid hormone.
AB  - Both the native hormone and the aminoterminal 1-34 peptide of parathyroid hormone
      [PTH-(1-34)] are potent vasodilators of the coronary and hepatic circulations
      and, relatedly, produce marked hypotensive effects in a variety of animal
      species. In this report, a new technique for studying vasoactive substances was
      used to determine the nature of the vasodilator response of the aminoterminal
      peptide. The technique, an alternative to classical cylindrical segment or
      helical strip approaches, involved perfusion of a 4 to 5 cm segment of rat
      thoracic aorta at a constant flow rate with a circumferentially applied pulsatile
      "systolic" pressure of 100 mm Hg. Changes in perfusion pressure were indicative
      of changes in vascular resistance. The perfusate consisted of oxygenated
      physiological salt solution. Aortas were precontracted with high [KCl],
      norepinephrine, phenylephrine or arginine vasopressin. PTH-(1-34) elicited a
      concentration-related relaxation of vessels precontracted with the alpha agonists
      or [arg8]-vasopressin, but did not inhibit high K+ (3.5 x 10(-2) M)-induced
      contractions over the same dose range. Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis
      with indomethacin did not alter the vasorelaxant properties of the peptide
      fragment. Endothelium-dependency of the PTH-(1-34)-induced vasorelaxant effect
      was assessed in untreated aortas and in tissues pretreated with saponin. Aortas
      pretreated with saponin, in which both scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy revealed extensive damage to or loss of endothelium, relaxed in a
      manner indistinguishable from nontreated control vessels. Thus, PTH-(1-34)
      relaxed precontracted perfused rat aortas in dose-dependent fashion. The
      vasorelaxant effects of the peptide fragment involved preferential relaxation of
      pharmacomechanically coupled vessels, and were not mediated by vasodilator
      prostaglandins or other specific endothelium-dependent mechanisms.

PMID- 3367315
TI  - Opiate-receptor antagonist nalmefene improves neurological recovery after
      traumatic spinal cord injury in rats through a central mechanism.
AB  - Nalmefene is an opiate receptor antagonist, derived from naltrexone, that has a
      significantly longer plasma half-life than naloxone after i.v. administration and
      that may have enhanced activity at kappa opiate receptors. Because of the
      demonstrated beneficial effects of other opiate-receptor antagonists in spinal
      cord injury (SCI) and the postulated role of kappa opiate receptors in such
      injury, nalmefene treatment was evaluated in a well-characterized model of
      traumatic SCI in rats. In a randomized blinded study, nalmefene treatment, given
      as a single i.v. bolus injection at 60 min posttrauma, significantly improved
      neurological recovery and reduced tissue damage. Beneficial actions were dose
      related. The optimal dose was 0.1 mg/kg, with diminished effects at both higher
      and lower doses; this is approximately 1% of the optimal naloxone dose in SCI as
      shown from other studies. Nalmefene, given i.t. at doses that were ineffective
      systemically, significantly improved neurological recovery after spinal trauma.
      These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous opioids, acting
      at opiate receptors within the spinal cord, mediate certain secondary
      pathophysiological changes that contribute to irreversible tissue injury. If
      current clinical trials with naloxone in SCI prove successful, the profile of
      nalmefene would make it a candidate for use in future clinical studies.

PMID- 3367316
TI  - Two new species of Isospora from Indonesian birds.
AB  - The following species are described from Indonesian birds: Isospora paddae n. sp.
      with oocysts 41.5-45.5 x 40.3-41.5 (44 +/- 1.15 x 41.2 +/- 0.38) and sporocysts
      22.8-24.5 x 14.7-17 (24 +/- 0.55 x 16.2 +/- 0.81) from the Java sparrow, Padda
      oryzivora, and Isospora indonesianensis n. sp. with oocysts 39.3-43.6 x 37-40.8
      (41.8 +/- 1.3 x 39.6 +/- 1.25) and sporocysts 25.6-28.4 x 15.2-18.5 (27.1 +/-
      1.05 x 16.8 +/- 1.22) from the chestnut Munia, Lonchura malacca (L). The host
      birds belong to the order Passerorida.

PMID- 3367317
TI  - Fish infected with Sphaerospora spp. Thelohan (Myxosporea) from waters enzootic
      for proliferative kidney disease of salmonids.
AB  - Sphaerospores were found among three species of fish examined from waters known
      to be enzootic for proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids. They were
      detected in the renal tubules of both hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) exposed to the infectious stage of PKD and in chubs (Gila bicolor) in
      the headwaters of a hatchery where PKD is enzootic. Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus
      aculeatus) collected near net pens where Pacific salmon had experienced a PKD
      epizootic were also found to harbor sphaerospores in the lumen of the kidney
      tubules. The latter two host species contained developmental stages of a
      myxosporidan in the blood and in the lumen of the kidney tubules which are
      similar to those of PKX, the causative agent of PKD in salmonid fish. The
      sphaerospores observed in the rainbow trout are the first to be observed in this
      species. The similarity to previously observed developmental stages, rarity, and
      presence of these sphaerospores in salmonid fish from a hatchery where PKD is
      enzootic suggest that they are the most mature stage of the PKX myxosporidan yet
      observed.

PMID- 3367318
TI  - Intranasal immunization of mice against Naegleria fowleri.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to determine whether mice could be protected
      from lethal challenge with Naegleria fowleri by prior intranasal exposure to
      pathogenic and nonpathogenic Naegleria. Mortality ranged from 0 to 100% for mice
      inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with 5 x 10(3) amebae of 13 human isolates of N.
      fowleri. Mice were immunized and challenged i.n. using live amebae of strains of
      low, medium, and high virulence. The greatest protection against lethal challenge
      was afforded by three immunizing doses of 10(3) amebae per dose of the strain of
      medium virulence. Nonpathogenic N. gruberi also was used to immunize mice i.n.
      against lethal challenge with N. fowleri. Protection was greater following
      immunization with N. gruberi than it was after immunization with N. fowleri,
      suggesting that nonpathogenic N. gruberi may be a better immunogen in protecting
      mice against lethal naeglerial challenge.

PMID- 3367319
TI  - Caryocyst-like host cell formation by Caryospora duszynskii (Apicomplexa:
      Eimeriidae) in human fetal lung cell cultures.
AB  - Sporozoites of the coccidium, Caryospora duszynskii, penetrated human fetal lung
      cell cultures but did not undergo asexual or sexual multiplication during a 29
      day observation period. Beginning three days postinoculation (PI), infected host
      cells lost their normal elongated fibroblast-like shape and became ellipsoidal in
      appearance and resembled caryocysts. These caryocyst-like infected cells were
      observed from 3 through 29 days PI. Sporozoites remained viable throughout the
      study as evidenced by motility of extracellular sporozoites in infected human
      fetal lung cell cultures. Results of this in vitro study suggest that some
      species of Caryospora may form caryocysts in secondary hosts without undergoing
      asexual or sexual multiplication in these hosts.

PMID- 3367320
TI  - Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores. V. Ten forms
      from the moles of Japan (Euroscaptor, Mogera spp.).
AB  - Moles from Japan were examined for coccidian oocysts, and 67 of 77 (87%) hosts
      were infected including 8 of 11 (73%) Euroscaptor mizura, 31 of 36 (86%) Mogera
      kobeae, 17 of 17 M. tokudae, and 11 of 13 (85%) M. wogura. Of 67 infected hosts,
      57 (85%) had multiple infections representing 2-5 coccidian species when
      examined. All oocysts in the infected fecal samples remained unsporulated and the
      absence of sporulation may be the result of storing feces from Japanese moles in
      2% aqueous H2SO4. Five structurally distinct forms of unsporulated oocysts were
      found in E. mizura, and five distinct forms of unsporulated oocysts were also
      seen in Mogera spp. Two of the forms from E. mizura were similar to forms from
      Mogera spp., and the five forms from Mogera were shared freely between the three
      Mogera species. This is the first systematic survey of Japanese moles for
      coccidia.

PMID- 3367321
TI  - Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores. IV. Four new
      species in Talpa europaea from England.
AB  - Moles from England were examined for coccidian oocysts and all 64 Talpa europaea
      were infected; of 64 infected hosts, 56 (88%) had multiple infections
      representing two to six coccidian species when examined. Oocysts in 31 of the 64
      samples remainedunsporulated. Three eimerians and one isosporan were studied from
      the 33 fecal samples that had sporulated oocysts and these are described as new
      species; Cyclospora talpae Pellerdy & Tanyi, 1968, and Isospora sofiae
      (Golemansky, 1978) Levine & Ivens, 1979, are redescribed; and Cyclospora sp.,
      similar to C. talpae, is discussed. Sporulated oocysts of C. talpae are
      ellipsoidal, 14.3 X 9.6 (12-19 X 6-13) microns with sporocysts ovoid, 9.4 X 5.7
      (6-13 X 4-8) microns; it was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples.
      Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora sp. are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal, 12.5 X 8.9
      (10-14 X 6-12) microns with sporocysts ovoid, 8.6 X 5.3 (6-10 X 4-6) microns; it
      was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of
      Eimeria avonensis n. sp. are elongate-ellipsoidal, 15.0 X 9.6 (13-20 X 7-12)
      microns with sporocysts ovoid, 6.6 X 3.6 (5-9 X 3-7) microns; it was found in 15
      of the 33 (45.5%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria berea n. sp.
      are subspheroidal, 12.1 X 10.5 (10-15 X 8-14) microns with sporocysts ovoid, 6.3
      X 3.9 (5-10 X 2-5) microns; it was found in 8 of the 33 (24.2%) sporulated
      samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367322
TI  - Four new species of Isospora from the small tree finch (Camarhynchus parvulus)
      from the Galapagos Islands.
AB  - Four isosporan species are described from the small tree finch, Camarhynchus
      parvulus from Isabela Island on the Galapagos Archipelago. Isospora exigua n. sp.
      oocysts subspheroidal, one-layered, smooth, yellow-brown color, 20.4 X 20.1 (20
      23 X 18-23) microns, with no micropyle, residuum, or polar body. Sporocysts
      ovoidal, 14 X 9.5 (13-15 X 8-10) microns, with small Stieda and substieda bodies
      and irregular-shaped residuum. Isospora rotunda n. sp. oocysts subspheroidal,
      single-layered, smooth, yellow-brown wall with large polar body and no micropyle
      or residuum, 20.9 X 20.8 (20-24 X 19-23) microns. Sporocysts ovoidal, 15 X 9.7
      (13-16 X 9-10) microns with knob-like Stieda bodies, prominent substieda bodies
      and round residuum. Isospora fragmenta n. sp. oocysts subspheroidal with no
      micropyle or residuum but with many splinter-like polar granules and a smooth,
      colorless, single-layered wall, 25.3 X 24.2 (24-27 X 23-25) microns. Sporocysts
      piriform 15.4 X 11.5 (14-17 X 11-12) microns with knob-like Stieda bodies,
      prominent substieda bodies, and irregular-shaped residuum. Isospora temeraria n.
      sp. oocysts ellipsoidal with one polar body, no micropyle or residuum, and wall
      of a single layer, smooth, yellow-brown color, 25.4 X 21.1 (21-30 X 17-23)
      microns. Sporocysts piriform, 15 X 10 (14-15 X 9-11) microns with knob-like
      Stieda bodies, prominent substieda bodies, and a round residuum. One woodpecker
      finch, Cactospiza pallida, was found to be infected with I. exigua, and a warbler
      finch, Certhidea olivacea was infected with I. fragmenta.

PMID- 3367323
TI  - The long and short of it: reports of pause occurrence and duration in speech.
AB  - Native speakers of American English and of German listened to a passage several
      minutes in duration in each language and reported occurrence and duration of
      pauses. Subjects overestimated occurrence (false positives) and underestimated
      duration. Overall analyses of variance indicated that Germans reported a higher
      percentage of pauses than Americans; that a higher percentage of pauses was
      reported in native than in nonnative passages; that Americans reported a higher
      percentage of pauses in English passages, whereas Germans' percentages were the
      same in both languages; that American women reported more false positives than
      American men, whereas German men reported more than German women; and that
      Americans and Germans both reported more false positives in English than in
      German. Detailed analyses of the individual passages yielded reliable differences
      between Germans and Americans in their reports of pauses in three duration
      brackets: less than or equal to .3; greater than .3, less than 1.0; greater than
      or equal to 1.0 sec. Pause reports of this kind diverge from objectively measured
      pause data as a function of a number of independent variables and are therefore
      not to be trusted as objective estimates of either pause occurrence or pause
      duration.

PMID- 3367324
TI  - Baby talk from the perspective of discourse production: linguistic choices and
      context coding by different speakers.
AB  - Twenty men and 20 women with children under 3 years of age, and 20 men and 20
      women without children were asked to select the most suitable utterance for a
      series of drawings representing different contexts of mother/father-infant
      interaction. Data were analyzed in three sections related to different
      hypotheses: In Phase 1, informational content and syntactic construction of
      sentences were selected in strict relationship with context by all speakers
      ("closeness to context" rule); in Phase 2, different speech acts were selected by
      different speakers within the same context (analysis of illocutionary force and
      canonicality); in Phase 3, the same contexts were linked to different
      interactional dimensions for the four groups, which formed different
      representations of the same interactional scene. Results are discussed in an
      attempt to integrate specific rules of adult-infant interaction and more general
      aspects of discourse production.

PMID- 3367325
TI  - Sequentiality of speech acts in conversational structure.
AB  - One aspect of the phenomenon of coherence in conversational discourse was
      addressed in the present study: sequentiality of speech acts. Several models of
      discourse structure have postulated sequencing rules between speech acts in
      conversations, but these efforts have been hampered by the lack of an efficient
      empirical method that can characterize a large body of language data. The lag
      sequential technique is proposed here as a tool that can be used to abstract a
      "grammar" of speech act contingency from spoken discourse. Derived patterns of
      discourse between female adults and preschool children confirmed expectations
      that most discourse is based upon three fundamental speech act pairings: question
      -answer, statement--reply, and directive--acknowledgement. It was also found that
      interlocutor differences in status, knowledge, and conversational ability
      affected the structure of the discourse in predictable ways.

PMID- 3367326
TI  - Early receptive and productive language skills in preterm and full-term 8-month
      old infants.
AB  - Early receptive and productive language skills were examined for preterm low
      birthweight infants and full-term normal birthweight infants from middle-class
      homes. Nineteen preterm infants and 19 full-term infants were observed in a
      laboratory setting at the gestationally corrected age of 8 months. To avoid the
      frequent confound between prematurity and low socioeconomic status, mothers of
      the two groups of infants were matched on educational levels. Regression analyses
      were used to assess the relative influence of infant cognitive skills, infant
      sociability, infant birth status, and the mothers' language input as possible
      predictors of infant receptive language and vocal behavior. Receptive language
      skills were associated with higher cognitive performance, greater sociability,
      and preterm birth. Productive language skills were associated with higher
      cognitive performance. On the basis of this research, the prognosis for language
      development in preterm infants raised in middle-class homes appears to be
      excellent.

PMID- 3367327
TI  - Preschoolers' use of eye contact while speaking: the influence of sex, age, and
      conversational partner.
AB  - The influences of sex, age, and conversational partner (mother vs. stranger) on
      eye contact during verbalizations were examined in a longitudinal study of 33
      children at 2 and 4 years of age. A free-play sample was obtained of each child
      interacting with mother and with a male or female experimenter. The amount of eye
      contact in conjunction with verbalization was analyzed. Significant main effects
      were found for sex (females engaged in a higher percent of eye contact than
      males) and conversational partner (more eye contact while speaking exhibited to
      experimenter than to mother). There was an interaction between age and
      conversational partner, in that mother received more and experimenter relatively
      less percent of eye contact during verbalizations as children got older. Notably,
      there was no main effect for age. These results revealed sex differences at an
      age (2-2 1/2 years) and in a context (free-play setting) not previously studied,
      demonstrating the robustness of the effect. Further, age findings seem indicative
      of unique developmental trends for eye contact during verbalizations for the ages
      between 2 and 4 years.

PMID- 3367328
TI  - Individual differences in vocal activity rhythm: fourier analysis of cyclicity in
      amount of talk.
AB  - Speakers in informal conversations tend to alternate regularly between lower and
      higher amounts of talking; the periods of these low/high activity cycles are on
      the order of 3, 6, and 15 minutes. Statistically significant periodicities
      occurred in 55% of the conversations studied. The periodograms that describe the
      partition of variance among periodic components show consistent individual
      differences in the cyclic patterning of vocal activity. Discriminant analysis
      used the amount of variance accounted for by each of the 12 lowest-frequency
      periodic components as discriminating variables to see whether speakers could be
      identified on the basis of the cyclic patterns in vocal activity. Speakers were
      discriminated and classified at levels well above chance. This suggests that
      there are consistent individual differences among speakers in the length of
      cycles in amount of talk.

PMID- 3367329
TI  - Nursing diagnosis of hopelessness.

PMID- 3367330
TI  - The children of chronically ill parents.

PMID- 3367331
TI  - Refusing life-sustaining treatment.

PMID- 3367332
TI  - Hysteroscopic detection of heterotopic intrauterine bone formation.
AB  - The diagnosis and management of heterotopic intrauterine bone formation was
      performed hysteroscopically in nine patients. The presenting symptom was
      secondary infertility in seven, pelvic pain in one and passage of bone fragments
      in one. All nine patients had a history of spontaneous and therapeutic abortion.
      Hysteroscopy was more accurate than hysterosalpingography in detecting the
      condition. Four pregnancies occurred in the seven infertile patients following
      removal of the bone. In four of nine cases there was clear evidence of remaining
      bone fragments after the initial removal.

PMID- 3367333
TI  - Epidemiology of premenstrual symptoms in a nonclinical sample. I. Prevalence,
      natural history and help-seeking behavior.
AB  - A stratified sample of 996 nursing school graduates from 1963 to 1984 was
      surveyed by mail regarding menstrual cycle characteristics. The 730 respondents
      reported an 87% overall lifetime prevalence of premenstrual symptoms. When the
      symptoms were categorized according to severity, only 3.2% of the respondents
      reported severe symptoms. Symptomatic women used diet change (24.6%), exercise
      (41.8%) and vitamins (18.9%) as self-help measures. Seventeen percent sought
      advice from a physician. Drug use was common; 22% were using a drug for symptoms
      at the time of the survey. Despite the common use of treatment, few women
      reported a significant work impairment. These findings support the conclusion
      that premenstrual symptoms are common but do not usually interfere with
      functioning.

PMID- 3367335
TI  - Gestational aspects of uterus didelphys.
AB  - The reproductive history was analyzed of 13 women with a laparoscopic or
      laparotomy diagnosis of uterus didelphys and followed for two to six years. Two
      patients (15.4%) presented with primary infertility; the other 11 had a total of
      27 pregnancies, the outcome of which was spontaneous abortion in 20 cases (74%),
      premature labor in 6 (22.2%) and term birth in 1 (3.7%), with a live birth rate
      of 18.5%. Metroplasty was performed in five cases, with live birth in three,
      spontaneous abortion in 1 and no postoperative conceptions in one. Cervical
      cerclage was performed in only one case and bilateral ovarian resection in one.
      The live birth rate, considering all pregnancies before and after treatment, was
      35%. The compromised fertility of the uterus didelphys is probably attributable
      to congenital alterations in vascularization that may have a negative influence
      on developmental phases following implantation, particularly the
      structuralization of the fetomaternal relations that precede placentation.

PMID- 3367334
TI  - Preventing infection related to insertion of an intrauterine device.
AB  - A study was undertaken to determine whether pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
      resulting from the insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) could be eliminated
      by inserting the IUD during ovulation and administering prophylactic antibiotics
      to cover insertion. IUDs, 95% of which were Progestaserts, were inserted within
      two days of probable ovulation in 288 patients. These study patients were
      compared with a matched control group of 288 patients not using IUDs. None of the
      288 IUD patients (totaling 619 woman-years of IUD use) developed PID after
      insertion, and only 0.5% per 100 woman-years developed PID later. The incidence
      of PID seen in these patients was less than that observed in the control group.
      It was also less than that in the general population or that following legal
      induced abortion. The expulsion rate of 1% per 100 woman-years in our patients is
      the lowest ever reported. It probably is related to the low motility of the
      uterus and expansion of the cervix during ovulation; the latter facilitates
      insertion during ovulation.

PMID- 3367336
TI  - Nonstress and contraction stress fetal heart rate monitoring. A randomized trial
      to determine which is the faster primary test.
AB  - Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring can be performed with either the nonstress
      or contraction stress method. The recent introduction of nipple stimulation as a
      means of achieving uterine contraction has simplified performance of contraction
      stress tests and raises the possibility that that test may be a more rapid
      approach to antepartum fetal heart rate testing than the nonstress test. In order
      to investigate the time taken to achieve a satisfactory end point of fetal heart
      rate monitoring, 186 women were randomized to either "intention to perform
      nonstress test" or "intention to perform nipple stimulation contraction stress
      test." Neither approach was found to be significantly faster than the other. One
      third of all completed contraction stress tests were classified as equivocal and
      required further investigation or management. The nipple stimulation contraction
      stress test was not found to be a more rapid approach to antepartum fetal heart
      rate monitoring than the nonstress test.

PMID- 3367337
TI  - The pelvic mass. Patients' ages and pathologic findings.
AB  - The pathologic findings on 100 women undergoing laparotomy for a pelvic mass
      between August 1983 and September 1986 were analyzed. The most frequent diagnoses
      by age group were: cancer in 56% of women greater than or equal to 50 years of
      age, endometriosis in 27% of women 31-49 years of age and benign cystic teratoma
      in 33% of women less than or equal to 30 years of age. A malignancy was present
      in 17 women; five (29%) of the tumors had low malignant potential. Pelvic masses
      proved to be malignant in 9 (56%) of 16 women greater than 50 years old as
      compared to 4 (10%) of 39 women less than 30 years old (P less than .01). Of the
      four malignant tumors in women less than or equal to 30 years of age, three (75%)
      had low malignant potential as compared to one of nine (11%) in women greater
      than or equal to 50 years of age (P = .05). This series gives the clinician some
      numbers on which to base diagnostic probability as it relates to age when
      evaluating the woman with a pelvic mass.

PMID- 3367339
TI  - Role of cystourethrography in the preoperative evaluation of stress urinary
      incontinence in women.
AB  - Thirty-two women with stress urinary incontinence and 27 control continent
      patients with pelvic relaxation underwent a detailed clinical and urodynamic
      evaluation of the lower urinary tract. All patients underwent a standard chain
      urethrocystographic evaluation to detect anatomic pathology of the lower urinary
      tract. Urethrocystographic study included an evaluation of the posterior and
      anterior urethral angle, funneling of the proximal urethra on straining, the
      position of the urethrovesical junction and flattening of the bladder base. No
      differences were seen in the incidence of radiographic findings in women with
      pelvic relaxation with or without stress urinary incontinence. All five
      cystographic criteria were similar in the continent and stress incontinence
      patients. Static urethrocystography cannot differentiate women with and without
      stress urinary incontinence from among those with pelvic relaxation and thus
      should not be relied upon in the evaluation of women with urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3367338
TI  - Continuing experience with the fetal acoustic stimulation test.
AB  - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing remains a useful method with which to assess
      fetal well-being in high-risk pregnancies. Recently the adjunctive use of
      transabdominal acoustic stimulation was proven effective in reducing the number
      of nonreactive nonstress tests (NSTs) without changing the predictive reliability
      of the test. Our continuing experience with this method involved 1,503 women
      undergoing 3,935 tests. A reactive test occurred in 93%, and the fetal death rate
      was 1.3/1,000. In an attempt to evaluate the incidence of mortality in a large
      population, data from the current investigation were pooled with those from other
      reports from our institution. In our aggregate experience of 7,763 tests, fetal
      death occurred within seven days of a reactive test with an incidence of
      1.9/1,000 in patients receiving acoustic stimulation. This finding contrasts
      favorably with a death rate of 1.6/1,000 in fetuses with spontaneous reactivity.
      Fetal acoustic stimulation testing seems to offer advantages over the more
      traditional NST, and the predictive values of normal tests seem to be equivalent.

PMID- 3367341
TI  - Pregnancy in a woman with partial absence of the left pericardium. A case report.
AB  - Absence of the left pericardium is a rare congenital anomaly, occasionally
      associated with chest pain syndromes. There have been six cases of death due to
      strangulation of the left atrial appendage in patients with this condition. We
      present the first report of a patient with this anomaly who was followed through
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3367340
TI  - Characteristics of in vitro steroidogenesis in a woman with hyperandrogenism, a
      granulosa cell tumor and polycystic ovary disease. A case report.
AB  - A 20-year-old woman presented with hyperandrogenism presumed to be due to an
      androgen-secreting granulosa cell tumor. In order to confirm this unusual
      presentation, short-term tissue culture steroidogenesis of the granulosa cell
      tumor and contralateral polycystic ovary was performed. Testosterone and
      androstenedione were produced only by the polycystic ovary, whereas the tumor was
      producing estradiol and progesterone. The studies of in vitro steroidogenesis
      prevented an incorrect interpretation of the clinical presentation.

PMID- 3367342
TI  - Hemangioma of the uterine cervix and pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A cervical hemangioma was diagnosed in a nullipara and expectantly followed
      through a subsequent pregnancy.

PMID- 3367343
TI  - Intraperitoneal rupture of benign cystic teratoma after midtrimester pregnancy
      termination. A case report.
AB  - Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a benign cystic teratoma is an unusual
      occurrence. This is the first reported case associated with midtrimester abortion
      accomplished by dilatation and evacuation.

PMID- 3367345
TI  - Necrotizing fasciitis arising from a suprapubic catheter site. A case report.
AB  - Necrotizing fasciitis is an unusual complication of gynecologic surgery. A woman
      developed necrotizing fasciitis at the site of suprapubic urinary catheter
      placement. The diagnostic criteria for necrotizing fasciitis were fulfilled by
      the patient, whose predisposition for the disease was undiagnosed diabetes
      mellitus. This rare complication of suprapubic catheter drainage must be
      considered in high-risk patients presenting with an inflammation at this site of
      cutaneous trauma.

PMID- 3367344
TI  - Favorable outcome after treatment with amantadine and ribavirin in a pregnancy
      complicated by influenza pneumonia. A case report.
AB  - The moderate impairment of cell-mediated immunity that occurs in pregnancy
      justifies concern when a pregnant woman develops influenza. We treated a woman
      for influenza pneumonia with respiratory failure at 33 weeks' gestation with oral
      amantadine and ribavirin inhalation therapy in conjunction with evacuation of the
      uterus and delivery.

PMID- 3367346
TI  - Unilateral tubal quadruplet pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A woman had a unilateral tubal quadruplet pregnancy. This is believed to be the
      second published report of such an extremely rare occurrence.

PMID- 3367347
TI  - Autosomal recessive inheritance of Nager acrofacial dysostosis.
AB  - Nager acrofacial dysostosis is a variant of mandibulofacial dysostosis with
      severe micrognathia, malar hypoplasia, and radial limb defects. Most cases are
      sporadic, but autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. A family is
      reported in which two sibs are affected by this syndrome, presenting further
      evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance. The recognition of this syndrome as
      a distinct entity has important implications. After the birth of a child with
      orofacial malformations suggestive of mandibulofacial dysostosis, an exact
      diagnosis is essential before genetic counselling can be offered.

PMID- 3367348
TI  - Expression of fra(10)(q25) in peripheral blood and bone marrow in familial
      neutropenia.
AB  - We report on the expression of fra(10)(q25) in a mother and daughter with
      familial chronic neutropenia. Differences in expression of the fragile site in
      bone marrow cells compared with peripheral blood lymphocytes were observed. Short
      term bone marrow cultures in complete medium showed high levels of spontaneous
      expression, whereas in 72 hour stimulated blood cultures it was virtually absent.
      There were also differences in the types of lesions found; chromosome type
      lesions predominated in the marrow and chromatid type in the blood. Apparent
      folate sensitivity of the fra(10)(q25) is also discussed.

PMID- 3367349
TI  - Theoretical recurrence risks for cleft lip derived from a population of
      consecutive newborns.
AB  - Theoretical recurrence risks for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P))
      were calculated from heritability estimates derived from a population of 203
      newborns with CL(P) in a total of 220,927 consecutive births in north-east Italy.
      Birth prevalence of CL(P) and the frequency of CL(P) in relatives of probands
      were estimated after exclusion of cases with CL(P) resulting from a known cause
      or pathogenesis. The method allowed estimation of the theoretical recurrence risk
      for any family by considering the total number of affected and unaffected first,
      second, and third degree relatives. The lower value of the theoretical risk
      compared to the empirical risk, obtained from retrospective data of selected
      families, was the result of methodological differences.

PMID- 3367350
TI  - Hypothyroidism and sex chromosomes.
AB  - The observation of Campbell and Price in 1979 that their Unit had diagnosed four
      subjects with both Klinefelter's syndrome and congenital hypothyroidism raised
      the suspicion of an association between the two conditions. This, and the
      published reports of an XX male, five XXY males, and one mosaic XY/XXY with
      congenital or acquired forms of hypothyroidism, together with the higher
      incidence in women and the absence of sex difference among inherited congenital
      cases, suggested a possible sex chromosome effect in the aetiology of sporadic
      hypothyroidism. Various hypotheses can be tested either by examining the
      frequency of hypothyroidism in sex chromatin positive males or by establishing a
      higher frequency of sex chromatin positive males among hypothyroid cases than in
      normal males. We examined 57 boys with hypothyroidism for the presence of sex
      chromatin and found all to be negative. From this relatively small sample we can
      only exclude the possibility of a very large (100 fold) difference in frequency
      between the two populations and therefore more data are needed.

PMID- 3367351
TI  - Medical genetics in China.

PMID- 3367352
TI  - Duplication 17q mosaicism: an infant with features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.
AB  - We describe an infant with multiple dysmorphic features who is mosaic for
      duplication 17q21.1----qter, owing to a direct tandem duplication. He is the
      first case with mosaicism for a 17q duplication to be reported. His features are
      strikingly suggestive of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome.

PMID- 3367353
TI  - Clinical consequences of deletion 1p35.
AB  - Few cases of deletion 1p have been reported. We report a case of terminal
      deletion 1p35 in a patient with psychological and neurological dysfunction.

PMID- 3367354
TI  - A duplication/deficient X chromosome in a girl with mental retardation and
      dysmorphic features.
AB  - A structurally abnormal X chromosome was found in a nine year old girl with mild
      mental retardation and dysmorphic features. Subsequent clinical examination at 18
      years of age showed tall stature and gonadal dysgenesis. Re-examination of her
      karyotype using a variety of banding techniques on prometaphase chromosomes
      allowed the identification of the abnormal chromosome as a duplication/deficient
      X chromosome, 46,Xder X(pter----q28::p11.2----pter). The clinical features are
      discussed in terms of karyotype/phenotype correlation.

PMID- 3367355
TI  - Unknown syndrome: microcephaly, facial clefting, and preaxial polydactyly.
AB  - We present a four year old boy with short stature, disproportionate microcephaly,
      developmental delay, convulsions, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and bifid right
      thumb.

PMID- 3367356
TI  - Abstracts of the meeting of the Clinical Genetics Society. 20 and 21 November
      1987, London. (Joint meeting with the Skeletal Dysplasia Group)

PMID- 3367357
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the placenta in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus of rhesus monkeys was performed at
      different stages of pregnancy. Spin-echo sequences localized the placental discs
      before and after gadolinium enhancement. Fast-scan sequences provided
      semiquantitative appreciation of placental hemodynamics. The paramagnetic agent
      enhanced the placenta, crossed into the fetal circulation, and was excreted in
      the fetal urinary bladder. Gd DTPA was also used to contrast the external
      contours of the fetus.

PMID- 3367358
TI  - Nasal cavity carcinosarcoma in a bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata).
AB  - An example of a rare, highly aggressive malignant intranasal neoplasm in a male
      Bonnet macaque is presented. The tumor invaded the bony orbit, distorted the
      position of the globe, and metastasized to regional lymph nodes and lungs.
      Histologically the tumor was composed of both mesenchymal and epithelial
      components and probably was of minor salivary gland origin.

PMID- 3367359
TI  - Quality of semen obtained by electroejaculation from chacma baboons (Papio
      ursinus).
AB  - Fifty-four baboons (Papio ursinus) were subjected to an electro-ejaculation
      procedure that yielded 683 usable ejaculates in 705 attempts. Quality evaluations
      by usual human spermiogram methods were applicable with only minor modifications
      to the procedures. By human criteria these wild baboons remained fertile after
      capture, and their use as a fertility model in pharmacological studies appeared
      to be appropriate.

PMID- 3367360
TI  - A gastric trichobezoar in a chimpanzee.
AB  - A firm, mobile, oblong mass was discovered as an incidental finding in the
      stomach of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) during routine surgery. It was removed
      and determined to be a trichobezoar.

PMID- 3367361
TI  - Plantar depigmentation in patas monkeys.

PMID- 3367362
TI  - Thermal instability of red blood cell membrane bilayers: temperature dependence
      of hemolysis.
AB  - Rates of human red blood cell hemolysis were measured as a function of
      temperature. Three distinct temperature intervals for hemolysis were noted: a) At
      temperatures equal to or less than 37 degrees C no hemolysis was observed for the
      duration of the incubation (30 hr). b) For temperatures exceeding 45 degrees C
      hemolysis rates are rapid and are accompanied by gross changes in cellular
      morphology. The activation energy for hemolysis is 80 kcal/mole; this value is
      characteristic of protein denaturation and enzyme inactivation suggesting that
      these processes contribute to hemolysis at these high temperatures. c) Between 38
      and 45 degrees C the energy of activation is 29 kcal/mole, indicating that a
      fundamentally different process than protein inactivation is responsible for
      hemolysis at these relatively low temperatures. A mechanism based on the concept
      of the critical bilayer assembly temperature of cell membranes (N.L. Gershfeld,
      Biophys. J. 50:457-461, 1986) accounts for hemolysis at these relatively mild
      temperatures: The unilamellar state of the membrane is stable at 37 degrees C,
      but is transformed to a multibilayer when the temperature is raised; hemolysis
      results because formation of the multibilayer requires exposing lipid-free areas
      of the erythrocyte surface. An analysis of the activation energy for hemolysis is
      presented that is consistent with the proposed unilamellar-multibilayer
      transformation.

PMID- 3367363
TI  - Interaction of furosemide with lipid membranes.
AB  - The interaction of furosemide with different phospholipids was investigated. Its
      influence on the lipid structure was inferred from its effect on the phase
      transition properties of lipids and on the conductance of planar bilayer
      membranes. The thermotropic properties of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine (natural), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, brain
      sphingomyelin, brain cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine in the presence and
      absence of furosemide were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The
      modifying effect of furosemide seems to be strongest on phosphatidylethanolamine
      (natural) and sphingomyelin bilayers. The propensity of furosemide to decrease
      the electrical resistance of planar lipid membranes was also studied and it is
      shown that the drug facilitates the transport of ions. Partition coefficients of
      furosemide between lipid bilayers and water were measured.

PMID- 3367364
TI  - Calmodulin acts as an intermediary for the effects of calcium on gap junctions
      from crayfish lateral axons.
AB  - Lateral axons from the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish were internally perfused
      with the calcium receptor calmodulin (CaM) in solutions with low (pCa greater
      than 7.0) or high (pCa 5.5) calcium concentrations and studied
      electrophysiologically and morphologically. Results from these experiments show
      that when the internal solution contains calcium-activated calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM)
      the junctional resistance between the axons increases from control values of
      about 60 to 500-600 k omega in 60 min. In contrast, axons perfused with
      calmodulin in low calcium solutions maintain their junctional resistance at
      control levels during the 60-min perfusion. Similar results are obtained when
      only one or both coupled axons are perfused. The morphological study shows that
      in the perfused axons the axoplasmic organelles are replaced or grossly perturbed
      by the perfusion solution up to the region of the synapses. Additionally, in
      axons perfused with Ca2+-CaM there are regions where the synaptic gap between the
      membranes decreases from a control 4-6 to 2-3 nm. Both electrophysiological and
      morphological results can be interpreted as indicating that calcium-activated
      calmodulin acts directly on the junctional channels to induce their closure.

PMID- 3367365
TI  - Anion transport during maturation of erythroblastic cells.
AB  - Bromide uptake was measured in single maturing erythroblastic cells of rabbits by
      means of X-ray microanalysis. Increase in bromide uptake as the cells matured was
      observed. The order of cells from low to high bromide uptake was: early
      erythroblast less than late erythroblast less than marrow red cells less than
      peripheral red blood cells. The transition from low to high bromide uptake is
      correlated to the accumulation of iron which begins in the late erythroblast. A
      decrease in rubidium uptake also occurs as iron accumulates in the cell. These
      results indicate that the anion and cation transport changes during maturation
      are parallel in time course but opposite in direction. In addition, the increase
      in bromide uptake can be accounted for by the increase in surface-to-volume
      ratios of the cells. Surface-to-volume ratios were estimated by morphometric
      techniques.

PMID- 3367366
TI  - Thiol-dependent K:Cl transport in sheep red cells: VIII. Activation through
      metabolically and chemically reversible oxidation by diamide.
AB  - The sulfhydryl (SH) oxidant diamide activated in a concentration-dependent manner
      ouabain-resistant (OR), Cl-dependent K flux in both low potassium (LK) and high
      potassium (HK) sheep red cells as determined from the rate of zero-trans K efflux
      into media with Cl or Cl replaced by NO3 or methane sulfonate (CH3SO3). Diamide
      did not alter the OR Na efflux into choline Cl. The diamide effect on K efflux
      appeared after 80% of cellular glutathione (GSH) was oxidized to GSSG, its
      disulfide. The stimulation of K efflux was completely reversed during metabolic
      restitution of GSH, a process that depended on the length of exposure to and the
      concentration of diamide. The action of diamide on both the K:Cl transporter and
      GSH was also fully reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Diamide
      apparently oxidized the same SH groups alkylated by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (Lauf,
      P.K. 1983. J. Membrane Biol. 73:237-246). Like NEM, diamide activated K:Cl
      transport several-fold more in LK cells than in HK cells, and the effect on LK
      cells was partially inhibited by anti-L1, the allo-antibody known to inhibit OR K
      fluxes.

PMID- 3367367
TI  - Apico-basal osmotic gradient induces transcytosis in cultured renal collecting
      duct epithelium.
AB  - The present experiments report the existence of an apico-basal plasma membrane
      shuttle in cultured renal collecting duct principal cell epithelium. Apical and
      basal perfusion under isotonic conditions, 290 mosm phosphate-buffered saline
      (PBS), has no effect on the shape of the epithelium. In contrast, gradient
      perfusion of the epithelium with 75 mosm PBS on the apical side and 290 mosm PBS
      on the basal side for 10 min alters the morphology of the epithelium by causing
      the originally columnar epithelial cells to become lower, the intercellular
      spaces to dilate, and the intracellular vesicles to enlarge. Perfusion of the
      epithelium with isotonic PBS in the presence of electron-dense cellular markers
      such as gold-coupled GPCDI antibody, recognizing a glycoprotein in the plasma
      membrane of collecting duct cells (W.W. Minuth, G. Lauer, S. Bachman and W. Kriz,
      Histochemistry 80:171-182, 1984), cationized ferritin (CF), horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) and native ferritin (NF) for 10 min reveals their binding at the
      apical plasma membrane. Little endocytosis is observable. However, after labeling
      the luminal side by the cellular markers and following exposure to apical
      hypotonicity, 75 mosm PBS for 10 min, endocytosis of all markers is enhanced to a
      high degree. Furthermore, the gold-coupled GPCDI antibody and cationized ferritin
      are transported within vesicles unidirectionally through the epithelium and are
      exocytosed at the basolateral aspect, indicating the retrieval and possible
      translocation of apical plasma membrane. In contrast, volume markers such as NF
      and HRP are also endocytosed under osmotic gradient exposure, but are not seen to
      be transcytosed. Therefore, the function of this membrane pathway seems not to be
      related to water reabsorption, but may be part of a cellular response as
      protection against the osmotic gradient.

PMID- 3367368
TI  - Depression and cancer mortality and morbidity: prospective evidence from the
      Alameda County study.
AB  - The association between the presence of depressive symptoms and cancer incidence
      and mortality and mortality from noncancer causes was studied in a population
      based cohort of 6848 persons free of cancer who were followed from 1965 to 1982
      as part of the Alameda County study. Age-adjusted and multivariate analyses
      involving over 111,000 person-years of follow-up demonstrated an association
      between high levels of depressive symptoms at baseline and deaths from noncancer
      causes but no association with either cancer incidence or cancer mortality. Our
      analyses suggest the possibility that the presence of previously diagnosed cases
      of cancer and the inclusion of items which tap somatic problems in depression
      scales may contribute to differences between these results and others in which
      depression has been linked to cancer mortality.

PMID- 3367369
TI  - Biochemical validation of self-reported caffeine consumption during caffeine
      fading.
AB  - Increasing concern about caffeine as a drug with potential for abuse has resulted
      in the development of procedures for effecting reductions in caffeine consumption
      among heavy users. However, the reliability of reported findings may be
      questioned, since previous studies have relied on subject self-report as the
      principal measure of caffeine use. The present study employed bioanalytic methods
      for assessing the reliability of self-reported caffeine intake during a caffeine
      fading regime. Twelve subjects, each with a history of heavy caffeine use,
      provided baseline, treatment, and follow-up blood samples which were assayed for
      caffeine and its major metabolites. General support was provided for the
      reliability of self-report as a measure of caffeine consumption. The general
      efficacy of caffeine fading was also supported, although there were indications
      that maintenance effects may have been over-estimated in previous studies.

PMID- 3367370
TI  - Aggregation of physical activity habits in Mexican-American and Anglo families.
AB  - It is believed that families are important influences on the development of
      health habits, and the purpose of the present study was to examine the familial
      aggregation of physical activity. Physical activity habits were assessed by
      standardized interview in adults and children in 95 Anglo families and 111
      Mexican-American families. The results indicated a moderate degree of aggregation
      of physical activity in both samples, and adjustment for body mass index was
      inconsequential. Intrafamily correlations tended to be higher in Mexican
      Americans. Mother-child correlations usually were higher than father-child
      correlations. These findings support the hypothesis that the family is a
      significant influence on physical activity.

PMID- 3367371
TI  - The effect of reward on compliance with breast self-examination.
AB  - Based on a behavioral analysis of compliance with breast self-examination (BSE),
      this study replicates a previously successful stimulus control intervention and
      tests the effectiveness of two types of reward for increasing compliance:
      external reward and self-reward. Patient volunteers (N = 153) were randomly
      assigned to experimental conditions and followed for 1 year, equally divided into
      experimental and postexperimental periods. Compliance was measured by the monthly
      return of BSE records, with self-reports used as a secondary measure. The results
      indicate that external reward was most effective; self-reward was used by only
      half the participants but was effective when used. In the postexperimental
      period, all rates of record return declined, especially in the external reward
      group. A cycle-by-cycle analysis indicates that the decline was gradual except
      for a sharp drop when the external reward was withdrawn. The results are
      discussed in terms of the acceptability of both interventions and contingencies.

PMID- 3367372
TI  - Defining anticipatory nausea and vomiting: differences among cancer chemotherapy
      patients who report pretreatment nausea.
AB  - It is important to distinguish patients whose reports of pretreatment nausea and
      vomiting reflect classically conditioned anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV)
      from those whose reports reflect the influence of other pharmacological and
      psychological factors. Therefore, Andrykowski (J. Behav. Med. 9: 33-41, 1986) has
      suggested that only patients who report pretreatment nausea on Day 1 of a
      chemotherapy cycle be considered to have developed ANV. As part of a prospective,
      longitudinal investigation of side effects associated with cancer chemotherapy,
      three groups of patients were identified: those who (a) never reported
      pretreatment nausea (noPTN), (b) reported pretreatment nausea but never prior to
      a Day 1 infusion (PTN), and (c) reported pretreatment nausea prior to a Day 1
      infusion (PTND1). Discriminant analysis revealed that the PTN and noPTN groups
      did not differ, while both differed from the PTND1 group, particularly with
      respect to factors presumed to facilitate classical conditioning. The results
      justify excluding PTN patients from the criterion group of patients considered to
      have developed ANV.

PMID- 3367373
TI  - Self-monitored pain intensity: psychometric properties and clinical utility.
AB  - A procedure for the evaluation of fluctuations in perceived pain intensity among
      chronic pain patients is described, and its psychometric properties and clinical
      and heuristic utility are examined. A heterogeneous sample of 97 chronic pain
      patients recorded 2 weeks of hourly self-monitored pain intensity (SMPI),
      completed a structured interview and several questionnaires, and established
      behavioral goals prior to participation in a pain rehabilitation program. Three
      variables were derived from the SMPI data: mean SMPI, variability, and number of
      missing observations. A series of analyses supported both the test-retest
      reliability and the concurrent validity of SMPI. Significant correlations with
      measures of depression, anxiety, marital satisfaction, perceived life
      interference, and activity levels were interpreted as support for the conceptual
      validity of SMPI within a cognitive-behavioral perspective. The utility of SMPI
      in predicting rehabilitation outcomes was also demonstrated.

PMID- 3367375
TI  - Ouabain inhibits intracellular pH recovery from acidosis in cultured mouse heart
      cells.
AB  - Myocardial ischaemia induces cytosolic acidification, which promotes cardiac
      damage, dysfunction or arrhythmia. In this study, we investigated the effect of
      ouabain on the intracellular pH (pHi) in cultured mouse ventricular cells, using
      2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The average resting pHi
      in myocytes was 7.19. After myocytes were acid-loaded with NH4Cl, the pHi
      recovered from acidosis to the resting level within a few minutes via amiloride
      sensitive Na+/H+ exchange. Ouabain inhibited this pHi recovery dose-dependently
      with half-maximal inhibition at 3 X 10(-5) M, but did not suppress the ionophore
      monensin-induced pHi elevation. The inhibition of the pHi recovery from acidosis
      by ouabain is possibly caused by an inhibition of amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+
      exchange, which is secondary to a suppression of Na+ efflux through (Na+, K+)
      pump. Above results demonstrate the possibility that digitalis promotes
      intracellular acidosis or inhibits the pHi recovery from acidosis in ischaemic
      myocardium.

PMID- 3367374
TI  - Anabolic steroids and aggressive behavior in cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - An animal model was employed to examine the effect of testosterone on aggressive
      behavior patterns. Ten cynomolgus monkeys were assigned to either an experimental
      or a control group and given biweekly injections; the experimental group received
      testosterone propionate, and the controls a sham solution. Prior to and upon the
      completion of an 8-week treatment period, behavioral observations were conducted.
      Although the administration of testosterone resulted in a significant increase in
      aggression, more important was the finding that changes in behavior were mediated
      by social status; that is, the incidence of both contact and noncontact
      aggression in dominant monkeys was far greater than the frequency of these
      behaviors in subordinate monkeys. These data are discussed in terms of the
      potential role of anabolic steroids as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3367376
TI  - Expansion of extracellular tracer spaces in the isolated heart perfused with
      crystalloid solutions: expansion of extracellular space, trans-sarcolemmal
      leakage, or both?
AB  - Comparisons of the distributions of tracers putatively confined to the myocardial
      extracellular space (ECS) in vivo and in isolated hearts perfused with
      crystalloid solutions via their coronaries, generally indicate that ECS markedly
      expands--both absolutely and relative to cellular space (ICS)--over a period of
      in vitro perfusion. Quantification of the expansion is problematic, however,
      because of the difficulty of distinguishing between a true increase in anatomical
      ECS and expansion of tracer space due to penetration of the plasma membrane. This
      difficulty in turn renders an assessment of the distribution of electrolytes and
      other substances unreliable. In the present study a combined morphometric-tracer
      distribution analysis is applied towards distinguishing between ECS expansion and
      tracer leakage in the rat Langendorff preparation perfused with a modified Krebs
      Henseleit solution. The results demonstrate that both ICS and ECS expanded with
      the first few minutes of perfusion, with the ICS remaining constant thereafter
      and the ECS increment declining slowly. Although the expansion of the ECS
      initially is disproportionately greater relative to that of the ICS, this
      relative difference disappears in about 1 h, i.e., the uptake of water by the
      myocardium is nearly homogeneous. An apparent increase of ECS relative to ICS, by
      more than one-third the initial space after 90 min perfusion, was found to be
      entirely artifactual and apparently due to a non-specific increase in sarcolemmal
      permeability.

PMID- 3367377
TI  - Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: a study of the role of xanthine oxidase-derived
      free radicals in the rat heart.
AB  - We have assessed whether oxygen-derived free radicals produced by xanthine
      oxidase may be an important trigger mechanism in the genesis of reperfusion
      induced arrhythmias. We have examined (i) the effects of inhibition of xanthine
      oxidase by both folic acid solution and amflutizole; (ii) the effects of the
      inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase conversion, soybean
      trypsin inhibitor; (iii) the effects of administration of superoxide dismutase
      and catalase, both singly and in combination and (iv) in an isolated rat heart
      preparation we have investigated the ability of free radical scavengers to reduce
      reperfusion arrhythmias caused by the infusion of xanthine oxidase and
      hypoxanthine. The prior administration of folic acid solution, amflutizole,
      superoxide dismutase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase plus catalase all
      reduced the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and resultant mortality,
      caused by reperfusion after a transient period of coronary artery occlusion in
      the anaesthetised rat. Prior administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor
      significantly reduced mortality. In an isolated, perfused rat heart preparation
      with temporary coronary artery occlusion, addition of xanthine oxidase
      hypoxanthine to the perfusion medium increased the incidence of reperfusion
      arrhythmias and decreased the total duration of sinus rhythm during reperfusion.
      Further addition of superoxide dismutase or L-methionine increased significantly
      the total duration of sinus rhythm. These results suggest that in the rat heart
      xanthine oxidase may be involved in the genesis of reperfusion-induced
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3367379
TI  - The role of glutathione status in the protection against ischaemic and
      reperfusion damage: effects of N-acetyl cysteine.
AB  - It is known that myocardial ischaemia causes a marked decline of cellular thiol
      pool and of protein sulphydryl groups content. Reperfusion under these conditions
      results in oxydative damage which is concomitant with poor recovery of mechanical
      function. We have evaluated the role of glutathione status in the protection
      against ischaemic and reperfusion damage by treating the isolated rabbit hearts
      with N-acetylcysteine (10(-6) M), a sulphydryl group donor. Ischaemic and
      reperfusion damage was determined in terms of mechanical function, rate of
      lactate and creatine kinase (CPK) release, mitochondrial function and tissue
      content of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and of protein
      sulphydryl groups (SH). After 60 mins of ischaemia (induced by reducing coronary
      flow from 24 to 1 ml/min) followed by 30 mins of reperfusion there was an
      increase of diastolic pressure to 51.6 +/- 3.5 mmHg with only a 22% recovery of
      systolic pressure, massive CPK release and a deterioration in mitochondrial
      function. Tissue contents of GSH and of protein SH were severely decreased, while
      those of GSSG were increased. The GSH/GSSG ratio was reduced from the aerobic
      value of 50 to 13.4, suggesting that an oxidative stress has occurred. N
      acetylcysteine infused for 60 mins before ischaemia determined a 38% increase in
      tissue content of GSH with no major changes of GSSG or protein SH. The ischaemic
      induced decrease of GSH and protein SH was also limited by pretreatment with N
      acetylcysteine and there was no accumulation of GSSG after reperfusion.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367378
TI  - Phospholipid composition and amphiphile content of isolated sarcolemma from
      normal and autolytic rat myocardium.
AB  - Sarcolemmal vesicles were purified to a similar extent, 50- to 60-fold on a
      protein basis, from normal rat hearts and hearts subjected to 30 or 60 min of
      autolysis at 37 degrees C (total ischemia in vitro). Electron microscopic
      examination of the autolytic hearts revealed sarcolemmal discontinuities and
      other morphological characteristics typical of irreversible cell injury. Total
      contents and percentage composition of phospholipid classes did not differ
      between normal and autolytic hearts or between sarcolemmal preparations from
      these hearts. There was no increase in lysophospholipid contents of whole hearts
      or of purified sarcolemma after autolysis. Long chain acyl-CoAs or acylcarnitines
      did not accumulate in autolytic hearts under our experimental conditions. The
      molar long chain acyl-CoA: phospholipid ratio in isolated sarcolemma was
      extremely low (1:100,000). It increased 3-fold after autolysis but the increase
      was most probably the result of an increase in mitochondrial contamination of the
      sarcolemmal preparations from autolytic hearts. The molar long chain
      acylcarnitine: phospholipid ratio of isolated sarcolemma was much larger (1:100),
      but it did not change after autolysis. Experiments, in which radioactive
      amphiphiles were incorporated in isolated sarcolemma that was subsequently
      repeatedly washed, indicated that the lysophospholipid and acylcarnitine contents
      of isolated sarcolemma reflect the contents of sarcolemma in situ, but that
      sarcolemmal acyl-CoA is used for re-acylation reactions during purification,
      explaining the low acyl-CoA content of isolated sarcolemma. Na/K-ATPase and Na/Ca
      exchange activities were markedly depressed in isolated sarcolemma from autolytic
      hearts. Our results suggest that sarcolemmal phospholipid breakdown and
      sarcolemmal amphiphile accumulation are not responsible for the structural and
      functional defects of the sarcolemma after autolysis.

PMID- 3367380
TI  - The effects of propionylcarnitine taurine on cardiac performance in aerobic and
      ischemic myocardium.
AB  - Carnitine, certain of its derivatives, and the amino acid metabolite, taurine,
      when administered independently in prior studies have been shown to improve
      cardiac mechanic and/or metabolism. The purpose of these studies is to test a new
      compound, propionylcarnitine taurine (PCT), which potentially combines these
      actions, in a therapeutic trial to preserve function in a setting of myocardial
      ischemia. In the main protocol, PCT was administered (0.71 mg/kg/min I.V.) to
      eight extracorporeally perfused, intact, working swine hearts over a 70 min
      perfusion trial and compared with seven similarly prepared placebo hearts. Left
      anterior descending (LAD) flows were held at aerobic levels (6.3 +/- 0.3 ml/min/g
      dry) for 40 min and then reduced acutely by 50% for 30 min. Serum fatty acids
      (FA) in both groups were augmented to 1.27 +/- 0.5 mumol/ml. Contractility
      (measured regionally from shortening rates of ultrasonic crystals placed in the
      LAD circulation); myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2); and FA oxidation
      (measured from 14CO2 production rates from labeled palmitate infused into the LAD
      perfusate) were obtained serially throughout the perfusion trials. Regional
      contractility was significantly increased in PCT-treated hearts as compared with
      placebo hearts both during normal and ischemic flows. Treatment appeared to
      deplete free carnitine stores in both aerobic and ischemic myocardium but failed
      to modify acyl CoA levels. In seven additional animals PCT was shown to
      independently stimulate fatty acid oxidation (about 39 delta % increase) at
      aerobic flows. Lastly in nine separate animals (4 placebo; 5 treatment) prepared
      and studied identically to those of the main protocol, taurine alone (0.2
      mg/kg/min infused IV for 70 min) was without influence in reproducing mechanical
      benefits. Thus, PCT favorably enhances regional contractility in conditions of
      myocardial ischemia, presumably by the positive inotropic effects of the
      propionylcarnitine constituent of the compound.

PMID- 3367381
TI  - Calcium compartments.

PMID- 3367382
TI  - Dose intensity analysis of melphalan and prednisone in multiple myeloma.
AB  - The average relative dose intensity (DI) of conventional oral melphalan and
      prednisone therapy received by 93 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients was
      correlated with survival and with percent reduction in M-protein. A survival
      advantage was shown with increasing average relative DI of melphalan and
      prednisone. Multivariate analysis showed survival to correlate with increasing DI
      of prednisone (P = .05) but not with the DI of melphalan (P = .93) nor with the
      percent decrement in M-protein (P = .10). These results suggest that the initial
      management of myeloma should be reassessed, with particular emphasis on more
      intensive therapy employing high-dose steroids.

PMID- 3367383
TI  - Delay in seeking care for cancer symptoms: a population-based study of elderly
      New Mexicans.
AB  - To characterize the delay by the elderly in seeking care for cancer symptoms, we
      interviewed 800 New Mexicans, greater than or equal to 65 years of age, with
      newly diagnosed cancer. Overall, 29.4% of the subjects were asymptomatic when
      cancer was detected, and 48.0% presented within 2 months of symptom onset.
      However, 19.2% of the subjects delayed seeking care for at least 12 weeks and
      7.4% delayed at least 1 year. Site of cancer was the strongest determinant of
      delay. Hispanics tended to report longer delay than non-Hispanics, and age was
      not associated with delay. Of the numerous other factors considered, only having
      a regular checkup was significantly associated with delay interval.

PMID- 3367384
TI  - Modification of the hypoxic fraction of a xenografted human colon tumor by
      differentiation-inducing agents.
AB  - Xenografted tumors were produced in nude mice by injection of HCT-15 human colon
      tumor cells. The hypoxic fractions of control tumors as determined from x-ray
      survival curves were approximately 18%. Other tumors were treated (every day X 9)
      with daily injections of N-methylformamide (150 mg/kg) or sodium butyrate (2,000
      mg/kg). For both agents, it was found that the hypoxic fractions were less than
      0.05% and less than 1.7%, respectively. These data indicate that selected
      differentiation-inducing agents could be of value for treatment of human solid
      tumors that contain hypoxic cells.

PMID- 3367385
TI  - 212Bismuth linked to an antipancreatic carcinoma antibody: model for alpha
      particle-emitter radioimmunotherapy.
AB  - For comparison of cytotoxicity from alpha-particle irradiation with that from
      conventional x-irradiation, 212Bi, an alpha-emitting radionuclide, was attached
      to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a cell surface antigen on human
      pancreatic carcinoma cells. For a given level of survival, the 212Bi-antibody
      complex was found to be approximately 20 times more efficient in cell killing
      than x-irradiation and 5 times more cytotoxic when compared with the cytotoxicity
      of an antigen-negative cell line or an isotype-matched control antibody. High
      linear energy transfer radioimmunotherapy using alpha emitters linked to
      monoclonal antibodies may be useful in vivo and in vitro for selectively killing
      target cell populations, especially those resistant to other forms of treatment.

PMID- 3367386
TI  - Decreased plasma beta-carotene levels in women with uterine cervical dysplasias
      and cancer.

PMID- 3367387
TI  - Meeting highlights: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 3367388
TI  - Efficacy of brachytherapy with californium-252 neutrons versus cesium-137 photons
      for eradication of bulky localized cervical cancer: single-institution study.
AB  - A fast-neutron-emitting radioisotope, 252Cf, is being tested in clinical trials
      of neutron brachytherapy for cervical cancer. The efficacy for histological
      eradication of bulky stage IB cervical tumors (mean diameter, approximately 6 cm)
      using combined radiation and surgery was studied in 65 patients treated with
      137Cs or 252Cf before surgery during 1983-1986. Forty-four patients were treated
      with 137Cs and 21 were treated with 252Cf at equivalent doses of radiation.
      Fifteen of the 44 specimens (34%) were positive after 137Cs therapy. Only one of
      the 21 specimens was positive after 252Cf therapy (P = .025), and that patient
      was treated in a delayed schedule 21 days after the start of external-beam
      irradiation rather than early in the course. 252Cf therapy required a much lower
      radiation dose and shorter treatment time. The study compared tumor destruction
      of an identically staged human cervical tumor in situ by direct histological
      means, using 252Cf neutron therapy or conventional photon therapy at an identical
      and equivalent dose adjusted by a relative biological effectiveness of 6.0 for
      252Cf.

PMID- 3367389
TI  - Direct enhancement by cigarette smoke of asbestos fiber penetration and asbestos
      induced epithelial proliferation in rat tracheal explants.
AB  - Tracheal explants from Sprague-Dawley rats were briefly exposed to cigarette
      smoke or air (control) and then to amosite asbestos. Asbestos fibers in or under
      the tracheal epithelium were counted and extent of hyperplastic lesions was
      ascertained at 24 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week after exposure. Smoke-exposed
      cultures showed significantly greater numbers of fibers in the epithelium and
      greater proliferative activity compared to findings in cultures not exposed to
      smoke. These observations indicate that very short exposure to cigarette smoke
      can directly affect the response of the epithelium to asbestos fibers and that
      smoke exposure need not be concurrent with asbestos exposure for such event to
      occur. These reactions may play a role in the greater incidences of lung cancer
      and asbestosis seen in asbestos-exposed workers who smoke.

PMID- 3367390
TI  - Association of marginal folate depletion with increased human chromosomal damage
      in vivo: demonstration by analysis of micronucleated erythrocytes.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that in the absence of spleen function,
      frequencies of micronuclei (Howell-Jolly bodies) in peripheral blood rbcs can be
      used to measure in vivo cytogenetic damage. Among 20 subjects studied greater
      than or equal to 6 months after splenectomy, 1 had a frequency of micronucleated
      rbcs more than an order of magnitude higher than rates for the others. Initial
      data suggested that this subject was mildly folate-depleted, and a therapeutic
      trial with folate rapidly reduced the frequency of micronucleated rbcs to normal
      values. These observations suggest a need to evaluate further the contribution of
      mild levels of folate depletion to spontaneous chromosomal damage. The approach
      used here provides a sensitive index of clastogenic damage and offers unique
      opportunities for investigating the determinants of cytogenetic damage in humans.

PMID- 3367391
TI  - Tobacco products litigation.

PMID- 3367392
TI  - Neuropeptide Y in the rat nucleus accumbens: ultrastructural localization in
      aspiny neurons receiving synaptic input from GABAergic terminals.
AB  - The ultrastructure, afferent input, and sites of termination of neurons
      containing neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) were examined in the
      adult rat nucleus accumbens by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method.
      The NPY-LI was seen in sparsely distributed, spindle-shaped perikarya having
      cross-sectional diameters of 15-20 microns. These perikarya exhibited highly
      invaginated nuclear membranes and thin rims of cytoplasm containing Golgi
      lamellae, dense-core vesicles, and other organelles. A few large, principally
      aspiny, dendrites also showed NPY-LI. The dendrites received synaptic input from
      unlabeled terminals forming both symmetric and asymmetric junctions.
      Immunolabeling for NPY was evident in other processes that were not clearly
      differentiated as dendrites or axons. These were seen primarily near glial
      processes and the basal laminae of blood vessels. A few myelinated and many
      unmyelinated axons and axon terminals also were labeled for NPY. These terminals
      contained numerous, small (40-60 nm), clear and one or more large (80-100 nm)
      dense core vesicles. Forty-seven percent (27 out of 57) of the terminals
      containing NPY-LI formed symmetric junctions with unlabeled dendrites or
      dendritic spines. The remainder lacked recognizable densities within single
      planes of section. The neurons exhibiting NPY-LI in the nucleus accumbens were
      characterized further with respect to their afferent input from terminals labeled
      for the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Immunogold
      labeling of a rabbit antiserum against NPY and PAP labeling for a sheep antiserum
      to GAD were sequentially applied to the same sections. The GAD-labeled terminals
      formed symmetric junctions primarily with the more numerous unlabeled dendrites.
      However, a few synaptic junctions also were detected between the GAD-labeled
      terminals and dendrites showing immunogold labeling for NPY. We conclude (1) that
      in the rat nucleus accumbens, NPY-LI is found principally in neurons of the
      aspiny type and (2) that the output from these presumably intrinsic neurons to
      other neighboring neurons or blood vessels is at least partially modulated by
      GABA.

PMID- 3367393
TI  - Phorbol ester enhances morphological differentiation of oligodendrocytes in
      culture.
AB  - The effects of phorbol esters have been attributed to the activation of the
      enzyme protein kinase C. While much has been described for the actions of phorbol
      esters on neurons and synaptic transmission, sparse data exist on the effects of
      phorbol esters on oligodendrocytes, the cells that make and maintain myelin in
      the central nervous system. In this report, we show that 10 and 100 nM of a
      phorbol ester, 4 beta-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, extensively enhanced process
      formation by cultured bovine oligodendrocytes. This effect was blocked by two
      inhibitors of protein kinase C, sodium heparin and polymixin B. We propose the
      hypothesis that activation of protein kinase C is an important process that leads
      to the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and the formation of myelin in vivo.

PMID- 3367394
TI  - Immunocytochemical demonstration of fibroblast growth factor in cultured chick
      and rat neurons.
AB  - The presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was investigated by
      immunocytochemistry in cultured neuronal cells derived from the peripheral (PNS)
      and the central nervous system (CNS) of chick and rat embryos. Polyclonal
      antimouse FGF antibodies, which cross-react with basic and acidic FGF, were used
      in the peroxidase immunocytochemical staining method. FGF immunoreactivity was
      found in neurons. Staining intensity in chick and rat brain neuronal cells
      increased during the culture period, reached a maximum after 6-8 days, and
      subsequently declined. Embryonic chick ciliary and dorsal root ganglionic (DRG)
      neurons as well as DRG neurons from newborn rat displayed intense FGF
      immunoreactivity at 12 and 48 hr in culture. Nonneuronal cells were not stained.
      The data demonstrate for the first time that cultured neurons from the CNS and
      PNS contain FGF.

PMID- 3367395
TI  - The influence of laminin on the initial differentiation of cultured neural tube
      neurons.
AB  - Portions of the metencephalic neural tube containing the trigeminal (V) motor
      nucleus from 40-hr chick embryos were excised and held freely floating in culture
      medium for 36-40 hr, so that neuronal generation within motor V could be
      completed, but precluding neuronal differentiation. The explants were then
      dissociated and plated either on 1) glass coverslips that had been coated with
      the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, laminin, and subsequently irradiated
      to produce a grid pattern; or 2) coverslips, one-half of which had been coated
      with laminin, and the other one-half with collagen, another component of the ECM.
      The purpose of these studies was to assess possible laminin influences on
      neuronal adhesion and nerve fiber expression and extension during these periods
      of initial neuronal differentiation. The early neural tube neurons selectively
      adhered to the established laminin grid pattern; neuronal survival, elaboration
      of neurites, and extent of neurites were significantly enhanced on the laminin
      side of the laminin/collagen preparations. These latter effects were specifically
      blocked by the application of anti-laminin. In demonstrating these influences
      during stages of initial neuronal differentiation, the results support the
      hypothesis that laminin may play a role in normal neurogenesis, presumably by
      providing an adhesive surface for outgrowing growth cones.

PMID- 3367396
TI  - Effect of laminin and cytoskeletal agents on neurite formation by NG108-15 cells.
AB  - Laminin promotes attachment and process formation in the neuroblastoma X glioma
      hybrid cell line NG108-15. As cells attached to laminin, they flattened and
      remained dispersed rather than associated in clumps. Process formation was
      observed within 1 hr after exposure to laminin and was dose dependent.
      Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not block laminin-mediated
      attachment and neurite formation. Addition of drugs that depolymerize the
      cytoskeleton led to different behaviors for cells grown on plastic compared with
      those in the presence of laminin. Cells on plastic treated with either
      vinblastine or cytochalasin neither flattened nor grew processes. Cells plus
      laminin and vinblastine retracted processes, but remained flat, suggesting that
      laminin-induced processes can be destabilized by disrupting microtubules. Cells
      sequentially treated with laminin and cytochalasin produced processes that were
      thin and highly branched. Cells in high concentrations of cytochalasin on a
      laminin substrate formed aberrant processes even when their soma did not flatten.
      Since laminin counteracted the effect of cytochalasin on process outgrowth but
      did not alter the effect of cytochalasin on flattening of the cell body,
      different mechanisms mediated by microfilaments may be involved in cell
      flattening and in process formation.

PMID- 3367397
TI  - Ultrastructural reversible changes in fish neuromuscular junctions after chronic
      exercise.
AB  - Neuromuscular junctions (NJs) of fin muscles of teleostean fishes, Lebistes
      reticulatus, were ultrastructurally analyzed during 60 min of chronic exercise
      and a subsequent period of 90 min of induced recovery. NJs from 30-min-exercised
      fishes showed an almost complete depletion of synaptic vesicles (SVs),
      corresponding to 83% of SV consumption; 76% of axon terminals were branched at
      the end of this period. During the recovery period, it was possible to observe
      the reversibility of the changes induced by the exercise and the transitory
      events that lead to the reacquirement of the normal NJ morphology. After 15 min
      of rest, SV population increased to a value of 54.6 SVs/micron2 and the
      percentage of branched axons was 66.5%. At 60 min of recovery the number of SVs
      reached a value of 84.6 SVs/micron2. The SV population was fully reestablished at
      80 min of rest, while the percentage of branched axons was found within normal
      ranges after 90 min of recovery. These results demonstrate that chronic exercise
      induced physiological depletion of NJ SVs and other axon terminal morphological
      changes, as well as that postexercise rest induces the reestablishment of the
      normal NJ morphology.

PMID- 3367398
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of brain adenosine deaminase:
      inhibition by purine compounds and by drugs.
AB  - Rat brain adenosine deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.4.) was purified 667-fold from the
      supernatant fraction by the following techniques: heat treatment (60 degrees C),
      fractionation with ammonium sulfate, column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, and
      preparative gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by the
      criterion of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.
      Amino acid composition is given. The isoelectric point of the enzyme (5.2) was
      determined by isoelectric focusing on agarose. The apparent molecular weight was
      estimated to be 39,000 (Stokes Radius [Rs] = 27.3 A) using a calibrated Sephacryl
      S-300 column. The study of the influence of the temperature on the initial
      reaction rates allowed calculation of Ea (8.9 Kcal/mole) and delta H (5.0
      Kcal/mole) values. The variation of V and Km with pH suggests the existence of a
      sulfhydryl group and an imidazole group in the enzyme-substrate complex. The
      enzyme had a Km (adenosine) of 4.5 X 10(-5) M and was inhibited by inosine,
      guanosine, adenine, and hypoxanthine but not by other intermediates of purine
      metabolism. None of the inhibitors were active as substrates. The enzyme was also
      inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol. Inhibition by ethanol can account
      partially for the CNS depressant effects of levels 3 and 4 of alcohol
      intoxication. A number of drugs having therapeutic uses such as sedative,
      anxiolytic, analgesic, and relaxant are modulators of the enzyme. Among these,
      lidoflazine, phenylbutazone, and chlordiazepoxide are the most potent as
      inhibitors (Ki 30, 54, and 83 microM, respectively), whereas medazepam is the
      most potent as activator (Ka 0.32 mM). Thus, it is concluded that some drugs that
      inhibit adenosine uptake also modulate adenosine deaminase activity. Besides,
      since the enzyme is located extracellularly [Franco et al, 1986], these drugs can
      modulate the physiological effects exerted by extracellular adenosine.

PMID- 3367399
TI  - Is advanced life support appropriate for victims of motor vehicle accidents: the
      South Carolina Highway Trauma Project.
AB  - There is continuing controversy over the use of Advanced Life Support (ALS) in
      the treatment of multisystem injury. In this study, performed to define the role
      of ALS in the management of motor vehicle accidents (MVA), 538 ambulance run
      reports (ARR) and hospital records of patients involved in MVA in South Carolina
      for 1983 were examined. Of these, 248 were reviewed in depth by a trauma review
      committee (TRC). Paramedics were present in 81% (93% urban, 80% rural) of cases.
      ALS crews averaged 24.8 minutes on the scene compared to 18.1 minutes for Basic
      Life Support (BLS). It took 6 minutes longer to transport rural patients than
      urban patients (15.7 vs. 9.6 min). Total EMS time (response, on scene, transport)
      was 46 +/- 20 minutes. Extrication increased on-scene time from 20.5 to 31.1
      minutes. Endotracheal intubation attempts were 67% successful and IV's were
      placed in 88% of attempts. Thirty-two per cent of ALS patients demonstrated an
      increased blood pressure en route compared to 12% of BLS patients. The TRC felt
      prehospital care was beneficial in 85% of cases, while 11.7% had inappropriate or
      inadequate care. Resuscitation and ALS in MVA appears to be beneficial in the
      treatment of multisystem trauma in a rural state.

PMID- 3367400
TI  - Immunosuppressive effects of a trauma-induced suppressor active peptide.
AB  - The isolation and partial characterization of an immunosuppressive glycopeptide
      from sera of severely burned patients has previously been reported. Recently, a
      monoclonal antibody to this factor and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for
      detection of the peptide have been developed. The presence of the peptide in
      elevated quantity has been demonstrated in serum of patients with multiple blunt
      trauma as well as thermally injured patients. It was determined that the peptide
      is capable of suppressing neutrophil chemotaxis and T-cell blastogenesis as
      measured by MLR. Inhibition of B-cell blastogenesis induced by the peptide as
      measured by LPS mitogen-induced proliferation was demonstrated to be less
      sensitive to suppression. Further, it appears that activated T lymphocytes, those
      expressing increased IL-2 receptors, are more sensitive to suppression by the
      peptide at lower concentrations than are nonactivated T lymphocytes.

PMID- 3367401
TI  - Improving the field triage of major trauma victims.
AB  - The Trauma Scores, CRAMS scales, and mechanisms of injury of 500 trauma patients
      were evaluated for their ability to identify a seriously injured patient. Serious
      injury was defined as one of the following: Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater
      than 15, or emergency-room Trauma Score less than or equal to 14, or injuries
      requiring greater than 3 days hospitalization, or death. With the addition of
      specific mechanisms of injury (auto vs. pedestrian accident at greater than 5
      m.p.h., motor vehicle accident at greater than 40 m.p.h., motorcycle accident at
      greater than 20 m.p.h., or a major assault), the sensitivity of a field Trauma
      Score of less than 14 could be improved from 45% to 75%, with a reasonable
      specificity of 40%. With these same mechanisms, the sensitivity of a CRAMS scale
      of less than or equal to 8 increased from 66% to 93%, with a specificity of 30%.
      The addition of these mechanisms of injury to standard field triage scoring
      appears to improve the identification of seriously injured patients while
      retaining an acceptable level of overtriage.

PMID- 3367402
TI  - Reperfusion of ischemic lower limbs increases pulmonary microvascular
      permeability.
AB  - Lower torso ischemia and reperfusion has been shown to stimulate the generation
      of thromboxane (Tx)A2, leading to transient pulmonary hypertension and later to
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulations in the lungs. This study investigated
      whether hind limb ischemia leads to increased pulmonary microvascular
      permeability. Anesthetized sheep (n = 6) previously prepared with a lung lymph
      fistula underwent 2 hr of tourniquet ischemia of both lower limbs. One minute
      following tourniquet release mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) rose from 14
      +/- 1 to 36 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and returned to baseline within 30
      min. The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure of 4 +/- 1 mm Hg was unchanged. Plasma
      TxB2 levels rose from 211 +/- 21 to 304 +/- 52 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) 10 min
      after tourniquet release and were back to baseline at 30 min. Lymph flow (QL)
      rose from 4.3 +/- 0.6 ml/30 min to 8.3 +/- 1.8 ml/30 min (p less than 0.05); the
      lymph/plasma (L/P) protein ratio rose slightly but not significantly. In three
      sheep, inflation of a left atrial balloon increased left atrial pressure from 3
      to 16 mm Hg. MPAP rose from 14 to 24 mm Hg. There was an increase in QL from 3.6
      to 17 ml/30 min; the L/P protein ratio declined from 0.63 to 0.41. These results
      indicate that reperfusion following 2 hr of bilateral hind limb ischemia results
      in increased pulmonary microvascular permeability.

PMID- 3367403
TI  - Urine dipstick vs. microscopic urinalysis in the evaluation of abdominal trauma.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the accuracy of the urine dipstick and its
      ability to predict injury to the urinary tract when compared to routine
      urinalysis: 1,485 patients had dipstick and microscopic urinalysis performed as
      part of their evaluation for blunt and penetrating trauma. Dipstick analysis was
      recorded as either positive or negative. Microhematuria was defined as greater
      than 0-1 RBC/HPF on microscopic analysis. Blunt trauma accounted for 1,347 (91%)
      of the patients and penetrating injuries accounted for 138 cases (9%): 1,209
      (81.4%) of the specimens were dipstick negative, and 276 (18.6%) were dipstick
      positive. False negative results, consisting of a negative dipstick reading and
      greater than 1 RBC/HPF on microscopic analysis occurred in 100 (6.9%) of the
      cases. False positive dipstick readings occurred in 64 (4.3%) of the patients.
      There were no cases of a missed injury in the group of 100 false negatives. Cost
      savings by conversion to the use of dipsticks would have saved our institution
      about $63,000 per year. It is concluded that the urinary dipstick is a safe,
      accurate, and reliable screening test for the presence or absence of hematuria in
      patients sustaining either blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma.

PMID- 3367404
TI  - Dum-dums, hollow-points, and devastators: techniques designed to increase
      wounding potential of bullets.
AB  - When considering the kinetic energy formula (KE = 1/2 MV2) to estimate wounding
      potential of bullets, bullet velocity has assumed the premier role as the
      determinant of wounding capability. Particular characteristics of the bullet such
      as mass have assumed positions of secondary importance or have been largely
      ignored. In recent years, however, important changes in bullet design have
      occurred that can markedly change the character of gunshot wounds. Dum-dum
      bullets, hollow-points, shot shells, and explosive bullets have been designed so
      as to cause delivery of greater kinetic energy to the victim. Surgeons managing
      gunshot wounds must be familiar with these types of bullets in order to properly
      care for the victims and to ensure their own safety during the process.

PMID- 3367406
TI  - Burn area measurement by computerized planimetry.
AB  - A microcomputer system was developed which allows the user to draw the contour of
      a burn on a diagram on the computer screen. The per cent body surface area is
      then determined by direct area measurement by the computer. A total of 148 weekly
      burn diagrams ranging from 1% to 71% (mean, 23.7%) body surface area burn in 59
      patients were analyzed using this system. Excellent correlation between the
      computer system and the manual Lund and Browder chart method (correlation
      coefficient, 0.962; p less than 0.0001) was obtained. Computerized planimetry
      provides a rapid, simple method of recording data and calculating total per cent
      burn which compares well with the manual Lund and Browder diagram.

PMID- 3367405
TI  - Identification of novel prognostic indicators in burned patients.
AB  - The size and depth of burn and patient age are useful early prognostic indicators
      in burned patients, but have limited value in predicting which patients in a
      given cohort are likely to die. The objective of this study was to identify
      additional variables in the first 10 days of burn injury which could better
      predict patient outcome. Variables consisting of demographic information, routine
      laboratory data, and clinical observations on 89 burned patients (63 survivors
      and 26 nonsurvivors) were analyzed. Compared to survivors, nonsurvivors had
      significantly larger burns (58 +/- 23% vs. 37 +/- 17%; p less than 0.0002) and a
      higher incidence of Gram-negative septicemia (20 of 26 [77%] vs. 24 of 63 [38%];
      p less than 0.001). Potential prognostic variables were subjected to multivariate
      logistic regression analysis for each of the first 10 days following burn injury
      in order to identify a combination of parameters which predicted patient outcome.
      The regression analyses revealed that, as previously demonstrated, patient age
      and burn size were significant predictors of mortality on admission and
      throughout the first 10 days postburn. In addition, absolute monocyte count
      (AMC), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), maximum daily temperature (Tmax), and BUN
      were also significant predictors (p less than 0.05). These data indicate that
      logistic regression models can identify simple prognostic variables in burned
      patients which may improve clinicians' ability to identify high-risk patients
      early in the course of their burn injuries.

PMID- 3367407
TI  - Chemical burns.
AB  - In chemical skin injuries, reduction of the time of exposure to the causative
      agent and recognition of systemic toxicity are necessary to lessen the severity
      of the insult, reduce morbidity, and maximize survival. During a 17-year period
      (1969 through 1985), 87 (2.1%) of the 4,212 burned patients admitted to the U.S.
      Army Institute of Surgical Research sustained chemical burns. Twelve of 87
      patients died (13.8%). White phosphorous, the most common causative agent,
      produced cutaneous injury in 49 patients. Acids (13 patients), alkalies (ten
      patients), and organic solvents (five patients) were the other common causes of
      injury. Initial treatment consisted of water lavage. Later wound management was
      carried out with topical antibiotic therapy and excision and grafting as
      necessary. Systemic toxicity due to phenol, nitrate, and formate absorption
      occurred, as did acute tubular necrosis following copper sulfate treatment of
      white phosphorus burns. Inhalation injury occurred in five patients. A decrease
      in hospital stay for chemically injured patients was observed. To minimize
      chemical injury, clothing should be removed promptly and water lavage begun.
      Systemic toxicity and inhalation injury are rare but often severe and increase
      mortality.

PMID- 3367408
TI  - Multiple noncontiguous fractures of the cervical spine.
AB  - Multiple noncontiguous fracture-subluxations of the cervical spine are fractures
      and subluxations separated by at least one normal intervening cervical vertebra.
      A review of all 66 consecutive cervical spine fractures treated by the Division
      of Neurosurgery at the University of Ottawa during 26 consecutive months revealed
      six such cases (9%). These injuries are more common than previously recognized.
      Special consideration is required in their treatment because of the presence of a
      mobile intermediate segment in some of these patients.

PMID- 3367409
TI  - The siege of Tripoli 1983: war surgery in Lebanon.
AB  - When Syrian-backed troops attacked the city of Tripoli and the surrounding
      Palestinian refugee camps in November and December 1983, the authors worked in
      the Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) Hospital in the area. The hospital was
      situated close to the front line of the battle at all times and the
      transportation of casualties was therefore short. During the first month of the
      battle this hospital received approximately 1,500 casualties, and 390 primary and
      24 secondary operations were performed. Multiple shrapnel wounds dominated, and
      high-velocity missile wounds were also frequently seen. The common treatment
      principles for missile wounds with radical debridement and delayed primary
      suture, in some cases secondary suture, were followed. Exploratory surgery was
      carried out in cases of suspected intra-abdominal and vascular injuries. Limited
      resources made an efficient selection necessary. Surgery under conditions of war
      is extremely demanding upon resources: equipment and personnel. By leaving minor
      debridements and a large amount of the emergency treatment to experienced nurses,
      a high capacity could be maintained.

PMID- 3367410
TI  - Bipolar femoral endoprosthesis: a study correlating component movement with
      clinical outcome.
AB  - Fifty-five bipolar femoral hemiarthroplasties performed between January 1979 and
      February 1986 were reviewed to correlate component movement with clinical
      outcome. Fourteen of these patients were examined clinically using the Harris Hip
      Score and radiographically by the method of Drinker and Murray to determine the
      per cent of total motion in abduction present at the inner bearing surface. The
      average followup was 19.7 months. The data demonstrate that the clinical result
      is related to inner bearing motion. The inner bearing motion is significantly
      decreased by weight bearing and may be influenced by the size of the femoral
      component.

PMID- 3367412
TI  - EMS response to a ski lift disaster in the Colorado mountains.
AB  - The EMS system in a Colorado mountain community was tested by the fall of a ski
      lift injuring 49 people. The response was complicated by the remote location of
      the accident and the number of injuries. Use of a preconceived disaster plan
      reduced morbidity and mortality. Patients were stabilized and triaged at the
      disaster site, and transported to the Snake River Health Services, Inc., where a
      second level of triage occurred. ATLS was provided at the Snake River Health
      Services and patients were transported to various surgical facilities throughout
      Colorado. Because a disaster in a remote or rural area can more easily overwhelm
      available resources, physicians should ensure that a good disaster plan is in
      place, should be able to provide initial evaluation and stabilization of
      patients, and arrange transport to the nearest appropriate facility.

PMID- 3367411
TI  - Mortality due to trauma in childhood.
AB  - Mortality rates and factors affecting the mortality rates were studied
      retrospectively in 390 children with abdominal and/or thoracic trauma. Age
      groups, admission time, additional system injuries, and mortality rate were used
      as parameters. The severity of trauma injury was evaluated according to the
      Modified Injury Severity Scale. The mean mortality rate in all the groups was
      7.9%. The rate was 6.7% for thoracic, 7.5% for abdominal, and 14.7% for combined
      trauma. This study demonstrates that early admitted children, children with
      additional organ injuries, and MISS scores greater than 25 have much more risk of
      mortality, and the mortality rate in preschool children is not different from the
      other groups.

PMID- 3367413
TI  - Simultaneous fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid.
AB  - Simultaneous fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid are uncommon injuries
      for which the treatment is controversial. Nine patients with these fractures are
      presented. Five patients were available for long-term followup. In the series,
      there were five Colles and four Smith's fractures of the distal radius. All
      scaphoid fractures occurred at the anatomic waist. All injuries resulted from
      falls of considerable force producing hyperextension at the wrist. The ages of
      the patients ranged from 21 to 90 years (median, 34). All fractures were placed
      in a thumb spica cast with the wrist in neutral position. Five fractures required
      a second reduction of the radius and were placed in external skeletal fixation.
      No scaphoid fracture was displaced by this treatment, and all scaphoid fractures
      progressed to union. The principal deformity at followup was an average 16
      degrees loss of volar tilt. Residual pain or functional disability was not noted.
      We conclude that these fractures can be successfully treated by reduction of the
      radius and immobilization by whatever means necessary to maintain an acceptable
      position. Scaphoid reduction and healing seemed unaffected by the method of
      treatment used to treat the distal radius fracture in this series.

PMID- 3367414
TI  - Neurologic return versus cross-sectional canal area in incomplete thoracolumbar
      spinal cord injuries.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries secondary to burst
      fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were reviewed an average of 26 months after
      their injury. No patient had had a specific attempt to decompress neural elements
      but the majority had posterior instrumentation and fusion for spine realignment
      and stabilization. The amount of neurologic recovery in each patient was compared
      to the final area of the spinal canal as determined by CT scan. It was concluded
      that there was no correlation between neurologic improvement and the amount of
      spinal canal encroachment. In addition, posterior instrumentation to realign the
      spine will usually restore canal patency to greater than 50% of normal.

PMID- 3367415
TI  - Brooker-Wills nails in treatment of infra-isthmal injuries of the femur.
AB  - Forty-four consecutive infra-isthmal fractures of the femur were treated with the
      Brooker-Wills locking nail system. Choice of this device was based on the desire
      to use a closed nailing system that provides improved fixation of the distal
      femur. Forty-three of 44 fractures healed. Complications of the device included
      some difficulty with instrumentation and deployment of the fins early in the
      series. Three femurs were 1 cm shorter than the opposite side and one was 2 cm
      shorter. There were no device failures. It is concluded that this completely
      closed locking nail system provided reliable results and few complications.

PMID- 3367416
TI  - Total talar dislocation.
AB  - Five patients with the very rare injury of a total dislocation of the talus were
      retrospectively studied. Rapid open reduction had successfully been performed in
      all patients. The mean followup was 4.5 years. Two cases developed an avascular
      necrosis of the talus. No talectomy was performed. The clinical results were good
      in three and fair in two patients. It is concluded that the choice of treatment
      is a rapid open reduction. In case of an avascular necrosis of the talus, weight
      bearing must be postponed. A talectomy must be avoided.

PMID- 3367417
TI  - Impotence following pelvic fracture.
AB  - A group of 42 men (mean age, 26.7 years) with pelvic fractures as the result of
      motor vehicle accidents were evaluated for impotence 48 hours after injury.
      Hormone levels were normal in all patients tested. One half (21/42) of the
      patients had abnormal penile:brachial arterial ratios. Of this group, 13/21 had
      abnormal bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR): four patients were paraplegic and nine had
      urethral injuries. Followup of available patients to 20 months reflects
      persistent impotence in those who experienced vasculogenic trauma. Only 2/21
      patients with normal tests (vascular, hormonal, neurologic) complain of impotence
      (followup at 23 months); one of these patients is in litigation.

PMID- 3367418
TI  - Rectal necrosis after pelvic crush injury.
AB  - A case is described in which transmural necrosis of the rectum occurred following
      a severe pelvic crush injury in an obese man. The necrosis presumably resulted
      from occlusion of both internal iliac arteries, disruption of the pelvic
      collateral circulation, and as a result of direct rectal contusion.

PMID- 3367419
TI  - Placental laceration and fetal death as a result of blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - Placental laceration as a result of blunt maternal trauma has rarely been
      reported. Herein, we report a case of a 17-year-old, 37-week-pregnant woman who
      presented after a motor vehicle accident. Initial examination showed no fetal
      heart sounds or movements. Evaluation included enhanced CT scan of the abdomen.
      Laparotomy and Caesarian section were precipitated by the development of a
      coagulopathy, at which time the uterus was found to be filled with blood.
      Although there were no signs of external uterine injury, examination of the
      placenta showed a large radial laceration. The fetus had no signs of direct
      trauma.

PMID- 3367420
TI  - Chylothorax following traumatic amputation of upper arm.
AB  - A young patient who had traumatic amputation of left arm developed extensive
      chylothorax on right side of chest. The pathophysiology appears to be left
      subclavian thrombosis secondary to gross sepsis of the amputation stump which
      resulted in occlusion of thoracic duct opening and chylothorax. The child was
      successfully treated by closed chest tube drainage.

PMID- 3367421
TI  - Bilateral avulsion fractures of the cranial margin of the scapula.
AB  - Avulsion of the cranial margin of the scapula is a rare injury. A case of
      bilateral avulsion fractures is reported. The postulated mechanism of injury is a
      powerful contraction of the omohyoid muscle avulsing its insertion. Conservative
      management was successful.

PMID- 3367422
TI  - Traumatic acute incarcerated scrotal hernia.
AB  - A 23-year-old male presented to the ER with left scrotal pain and swelling after
      being struck with a knee in the left inguinoscrotal area during a basketball
      game. Upon examination, an incarcerated scrotal hernia with necrotic segment of
      small bowel was found. Bowel was resected and direct reanastomosis performed.
      This appears to be the first such case in the English-language literature.

PMID- 3367424
TI  - Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 42nd annual meeting.
      June 5-8, 1988, Vancouver, B.C. Abstracts.

PMID- 3367423
TI  - Post-traumatic bony regeneration in a toe.
AB  - A case of regeneration of the major part of the distal phalanx of the first toe
      after traumatic avulsion in a 15-year-old boy is reported. It is concluded that,
      owing to the possibility of bony regeneration, it is advisable to be extremely
      reticent in removing soft tissue in cases of such lesions. Regeneration of the
      bone was demonstrated after 1 month.

PMID- 3367425
TI  - Fetal bowel perforation simulating sacrococcygeal teratoma.

PMID- 3367426
TI  - Molecular cloning of hepatitis delta virus RNA from an infected woodchuck liver:
      sequence, structure, and applications.
AB  - cDNA prepared from the single-stranded circular RNA genome of hepatitis delta
      virus was cloned in lambda gt11 by using RNA from the liver of an infected
      woodchuck. From the sequence of overlapping clones, we assembled the full
      sequence of 1,679 nucleotides. The sequence indicated an exceptional ability for
      intramolecular base pairing, yielding a rod structure with at least 70% of the
      bases paired and a predicted free energy of -805 kcal (-3,368 kJ)/mol. Three of
      the lambda clones contained sequences that were not only expressed as fusion
      proteins with beta-galactosidase but were recognized by human hepatitis delta
      virus-specific antibody. These clones were sequenced so as to establish the
      reading frame of the delta antigen on the antigenomic strand. The fusion protein
      produced by one clone was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and then was
      used to raise rabbit antibodies specific for the delta antigen.

PMID- 3367427
TI  - Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen binds specifically to double-stranded DNA but
      not to single-stranded DNA or DNA/RNA hybrids containing the SV40 regulatory
      sequences.
AB  - Simian virus 40 T antigen has been shown previously to bind specifically with
      high affinity to sites within the regulatory region of double-stranded simian
      virus 40 DNA. Using competition filter binding and the DNA-binding immunoassay,
      we show that T antigen did not bind specifically to either early or late single
      stranded DNA containing these binding sites. Moreover, T antigen did not bind
      these sequences present in single-stranded RNA, RNA/RNA duplexes, or RNA/DNA
      hybrids. T antigen did, however, bind as efficiently to single-stranded DNA
      cellulose as to double-stranded DNA-cellulose. This binding was nonspecific
      because it was independent of the presence of T-antigen-binding sites. The
      implications of these observations are discussed.

PMID- 3367429
TI  - Microsurgical lymphovenous anastomosis for treatment of lymphedema: a critical
      review.
AB  - Lymphovenous anastomoses (LVA) offer ideal physiologic treatment for lymphedema,
      and our experimental data support late patency. Between Jan. 1, 1982, and April
      1, 1986, 18 patients underwent operation for chronic lymphedema; LVA could be
      performed in 14 patients (10 women and four men). Six patients had secondary
      lymphedema of the upper extremity. One of eight patients with lymphedema of the
      lower extremity had filariasis, and seven had primary lymphedema. Mean follow-up
      was 36.6 months (range: 5 to 57 months). Limb circumference and volume, number of
      postoperative episodes of cellulitis, and lymphoscintigraphy were used to assess
      results. Improvement occurred in three upper extremities and two lower
      extremities. There was no change in five extremities, and in four patients the
      edema progressed. One patient with primary lymphedema and four of seven patients
      with secondary lymphedema improved. Only one of five patients benefited from one
      anastomosis; however, all patients with more than two anastomoses improved.
      Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 10 patients. No lymphatic channel was
      visualized before operation in three patients, and at operation none was found.
      In four other patients lymph channels localized by lymphoscintigraphy were
      identified during operation. Significant improvement was documented by
      lymphoscintigraphy in one patient after operation, and this patient had permanent
      improvement 30 months later. Patients with primary lymphedema had disappointing
      results, but four of seven patients with secondary lymphedema benefited from LVA,
      especially if several anastomoses could be performed. Lymphoscintigraphy appears
      to be a suitable method of both identifying patent lymph channels before surgery
      and determining function of LVA after operation. However, presently objective
      data to prove the clinical efficacy of this operation are lacking.

PMID- 3367428
TI  - Early experimental experience with a surgically created, totally autogenous
      venous valve: a preliminary report.
AB  - A surgically created, totally autogenous venous valve has been devised that holds
      potential for the treatment of venous insufficiency. Valves were constructed from
      2.7 cm long segments of canine external jugular veins. Through the use of intimal
      separation, folding, and suturing techniques, thin, pliable valves with an
      intimal lining were constructed and interposed in the canine superficial femoral
      vein. Fifteen valves were implanted in three groups of dogs. In group I (six
      dogs) the valves were immediately removed after implantation and subjected to
      various levels of hydrostatic pressure. In group 2 (six dogs) valves were removed
      after 1 week and examined for patency and competency. Group 3 animals (three
      dogs) were anticoagulated with subcutaneously administered heparin from
      implantation to removal at 7, 9, and 13 days. In group 1 valves were found to
      open at less than 3 cm of water and remain competent at 55 cm of water. Two of
      these valves subjected to 300 mm Hg pressure also remained competent. In the six
      group 2 dogs, two valves remained patent and competent, whereas four valves were
      patent but incompetent as a result of thrombus that prevented valve closure. In
      group 3 all valves were patent and competent at 7, 9, and 13 days after
      implantation. An autogenous venous valve that opens at physiologic pressures and
      remains competent at high pressures can be surgically created. The ability to
      remain competent at high pressures may give this valve an advantage over the
      repaired, transposed, or transplanted native venous valve in the treatment of
      chronic venous valvular insufficiency.

PMID- 3367430
TI  - Abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system as a cause of upper extremity ischemia:
      a preliminary report.
AB  - Abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system can result in unusual or unexplained
      clotting that occurs spontaneously or after minor trauma. We identified five
      patients with limb-threatening arterial thrombosis of the upper extremity
      associated with either a low level of plasminogen or an abnormal immunoreactive
      plasminogen. All patients had extensive thrombosis of the brachial, radial, and
      ulnar arteries. Two patients had concomitant thrombus of the subclavian artery,
      which in one patient was associated with distal embolization to the hand. There
      was no evidence of atherosclerosis in any patient. Detection of an abnormal
      plasminogen level was done by immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's serum with
      antiplasminogen sera. In these patients a separate immunoreactive band located
      near the anode and distinct from the normal single plasminogen band was detected.
      Because of extensive thrombosis of the arterial system, exploration of the
      brachial artery, as well as the origin of all the forearm vessels, was necessary
      for complete balloon catheter thrombectomy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are
      necessary to prevent the catastrophic complication of arm or hand amputation.
      Patients with an abnormal plasminogen level should receive perioperative heparin
      therapy and long-term warfarin to prevent recurrent thrombotic episodes.

PMID- 3367431
TI  - Heparin-coated catheters and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Ten patients with heparin-coated pulmonary artery catheters had heparin-induced
      thrombocytopenia, which persisted after all other sources of heparin were
      discontinued. The thrombocytopenia occurred in approximately 0.4% of the patients
      receiving heparin-coated catheters and remitted when the catheters were removed.
      The platelet counts averaged 59,000/mm3 at the time of the diagnosis and
      recovered to an average of 143,000/mm3 by 3 days (range 2 to 4 days) after
      removal of the heparin-coated catheters. One patient required a second catheter
      31 days after the first catheter had been removed. When the second heparin-coated
      catheter was inserted, the platelet count decreased from 307,000/mm3 to
      102,000/mm3 in 4 days. Segments of heparin-coated pulmonary artery catheters were
      placed in platelet-rich plasma and incubated with serum from patients with known
      heparin-associated antiplatelet antibodies or with serum from volunteers with no
      exposure to heparin. The heparin-coated catheters induced platelet aggregation in
      all samples containing serum from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
      However, platelet aggregation did not occur when the catheters were incubated
      with the serum of the volunteers. Non-heparin-coated catheters failed to produce
      platelet aggregation when incubated with either sera. The high mortality and
      morbidity rates associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia mandate that
      afflicted patients receive no more heparin, at least until the heparin-associated
      antiplatelet antibodies are no longer detectable. Patients with heparin-coated
      catheters who have thrombocytopenia should be tested for the presence of heparin
      associated antiplatelet antibodies. If heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is
      confirmed, the catheters must be removed if the thrombocytopenia is to be
      reversed and complication avoided.

PMID- 3367432
TI  - Management of failed prosthetic grafts at the time of major lower extremity
      amputation.
AB  - During a 2-year period 75 patients underwent 77 major lower extremity amputations
      for arterial insufficiency deemed untreatable by reconstruction (36 primary and
      41 after failed infrainguinal arterial bypass). Patients with nonfunctional
      prosthetic grafts were randomized prospectively to either partial graft removal
      or complete graft removal, performed simultaneously with amputation, to determine
      which technique more effectively reduces delayed wound healing, stump infection,
      operative revision, and process-related death. Patients with known graft and deep
      wound infection were excluded from this review, as were patients who had positive
      graft cultures at the time of amputation. Partial graft removal resulted in an
      increased rate of delayed wound healing (47.8% vs 7.7%; chi 2 5.9, p less than
      0.025) and secondary stump infection (39.1% vs 7.7%; chi 2 4.4, p less than
      0.05), when compared with complete graft removal. The operative revision and
      process-related mortality rates were also higher in limbs that had partial graft
      removal, although not statistically significant. The operative morbidity and
      mortality rate was no greater in the group with complete graft removal, although
      the mean operative time was nearly doubled (1.4 vs 2.6 hours). Therefore we
      recommend that all nonfunctional prosthetic graft material be removed concomitant
      with major lower extremity amputation to avoid the excessive number of wound
      healing and suppurative complications that are encountered when residual graft
      material is present in the amputation stump.

PMID- 3367433
TI  - Seeding with endothelial cells derived from the microvessels of the omentum and
      from the jugular vein: a comparative study.
AB  - Segments of an experimental polytetrafluoroethylene graft (9 cm long, 6 mm I.D.)
      of high porosity were implanted in 25 dogs as aortic interposition grafts. Nine
      grafts were seeded with a mean of 7 x 10(5) viable endothelial cells (ECs)
      derived from the jugular vein (group A) and eight were seeded with a mean of 7 x
      10(5) viable ECs derived from the microvessels of the omentum (group B). Eight
      grafts were not seeded and they served as controls (group C). Animals were put to
      death 5 weeks after graft implantation. The thrombus-free area was measured at
      81% +/- 10% in group A, 65% +/- 22% in group B, and 25% +/- 13% in group C (p
      less than 0.05, group A vs group B; p less than 0.05, group B vs group C). The
      thickness of the subendothelial layer was 151 +/- 60 microns in group A, 280 +/-
      60 microns in group B, and 100 +/- 75 microns in group C (p less than 0.001,
      group B vs groups A and C). The production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the presence
      of sodium arachidonate was higher in seeded grafts (p less than 0.05). Omentally
      derived microvessel ECs can be seeded in vascular grafts; refinements in the
      technique of EC procurement are required to minimize contamination and to obtain
      ECs with more effective biologic activity.

PMID- 3367434
TI  - Improved long-term patency of infragenicular polytetrafluoroethylene grafts.
AB  - This article reviews late graft patency and the incidence of postoperative
      complications in 75 infragenicular polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafts (20
      posterior tibial, 26 anterior tibial, and 29 peroneal). All patients received a
      heparin infusion after operation and were switched to warfarin before discharge
      to maintain coagulation parameters (prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin
      time) approximately twice that of control subjects. Primary procedures were done
      in 14 patients (19%), and the remaining patients had one or more previous
      procedures. Ninety-seven percent of patients had limb-threatening ischemia. Graft
      patency was confirmed by interval examinations and Doppler ankle pressure
      measurements. The mean follow-up was 36 months, and long-term graft patency (4
      years) was determined by life-table analysis. The 2-year cumulative patency rate
      for this group was 45% and the 4-year patency rate was 37%. The latter is
      significantly better than the patency rates of 12% reported for similar untreated
      randomized grafts. Anticoagulation was subtherapeutic in 15 patients at the time
      of graft thrombosis, and if these were excluded, the 2- and 4-year patency rates
      were 58% and 50%, respectively. Hematomas requiring drainage occurred in 10
      patients (13.3%) and six patients (8%) developed wound infections, but graft
      infection occurred in only two patients. Two patients (2.6%) developed late
      bleeding complications necessitating cessation of the warfarin. There was one
      fatal perioperative myocardial infarction (1.3%) and four late deaths, none of
      which were related to the warfarin therapy. Although the incidence of
      postoperative hematoma and wound infection was increased, late complications
      occurred infrequently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367435
TI  - Long-term results of infragenicular bypasses with autogenous vein originating
      from the distal superficial femoral and popliteal arteries.
AB  - Forty-nine bypasses originating from the distal superficial femoral artery or
      popliteal artery in 46 patients were reviewed to examine late patency, limb
      salvage, and factors leading to graft failure. Operations were performed because
      of tissue loss in 86%, rest pain in 12%, and limiting claudication in 2% of
      limbs. Proximal anastomosis was from the distal superficial femoral artery in 12%
      and the popliteal artery in 88%. Distal anastomosis was to the below-knee
      popliteal artery or proximal tibial vessels in 20% and the distal tibial vessels
      in 80%. Life-table analysis showed a primary patency rate of 83%, 62%, and 41%,
      at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The rate of limb salvage at 6 years for all
      grafts was 69%. Cox proportional hazards analysis determined that stenosis of 20%
      or greater in the proximal superficial femoral artery before bypass was a
      significant risk factor for graft failure (p = 0.02) despite the presence of
      normal intra-arterial pressure at the site of the proximal anastomosis at the
      time of bypass. Long-term survival in these patients was low, with a 6-year
      survival rate of only 24%. Infragenicular bypasses originating from the distal
      superficial femoral artery or the popliteal artery can be performed with patency
      and limb salvage rates comparable to bypasses originating from the common femoral
      artery. These bypasses are more likely to fail when performed in the presence of
      a stenosis 20% or greater in the superficial femoral or popliteal artery proximal
      to the graft origin.

PMID- 3367436
TI  - Aortic wall metabolism in relation to susceptibility and resistance to
      experimental atherosclerosis.
AB  - Different segments of the aorta and its branches show differing susceptibilities
      to atherosclerosis. To identify metabolic features that may account for plaque
      formation and sparing, we studied aortic wall respiration and glycolysis proximal
      and distal to an aortic coarctation in 30 rabbits fed a standard or atherogenic
      diet. Three months after coarctation, blood pressure in the proximal aorta was
      elevated, and plaque occupied 98% +/- 28% of the intimal surface compared with
      57% +/- 26% for control animals (p less than 0.05). Aortic pressure distal to the
      stenosis remained normal, but plaque formation was markedly decreased (5% +/- 4%)
      compared with controls (30% +/- 27%, p less than 0.05). Metabolic studies
      included measurement of oxygen consumption of proximal and distal aortic walls,
      lactic acid production, and 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Elevated pressure or
      hyperlipidemia increased respiration (22.6 +/- 4.0 or 16.3 +/- 6.0 pmol oxygen
      consumed/min/microgram deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] vs 5.8 +/- 5.2 for controls; p
      values less than 0.05) without increasing glycolytic metabolism. The coexistence
      of hypertension and hyperlipidemia resulted in maximal plaque formation and a
      sevenfold increase in both oxidative metabolism (46.6 +/- 27.2 pmol oxygen
      consumed/min/microgram DNA vs 5.8 +/- 5.2 for controls, p less than 0.004) and
      glycolytic metabolism (44 +/- 10 ng lactic acid produced/90 min/microgram DNA vs
      6 +/- 3 for controls, p less than 0.004). In the spared aortic segment distal to
      coarctation, glycolytic metabolism was increased (10 +/- 8 ng lactic acid
      produced/90 min/microgram DNA vs 2 +/- 1 for controls, p less than 0.05) but
      oxidative metabolism remained normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367437
TI  - The role of patch angioplasty after carotid endarterectomy.

PMID- 3367438
TI  - Suggested standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia.

PMID- 3367439
TI  - Approach to major abdominal vascular injury.
AB  - Abdominal vascular injuries account for 25% to 30% of all vascular injuries seen
      in urban trauma centers where penetrating wounds are the most common cause of
      trauma. Patients have moderate hypotension if contained hematomas are present and
      present in extremis with massive abdominal distension, if hemorrhage into the
      peritoneal cavity is occurring. Injuries occur in five areas, each containing its
      own vessels and techniques of exposure and vascular repair. Included are the
      midline supramesocolic, midline inframesocolic, lateral perirenal, lateral
      pelvic, and portal areas. In these areas, arterial repair is essentially always
      attempted, whereas ligation of major veins, if necessary, is well tolerated in
      many instances. Survival depends on the number and magnitude of associated
      vascular and visceral injuries. If an operation can be performed soon after
      injury, survival with most major abdominal arterial injuries ranges from 35% to
      85%. When major abdominal venous injuries are considered, the survival rate
      ranges from 50% to 95%. Postoperative complications include thrombosis of
      repairs, dehiscence of suture lines, and infection. Second-look operations may be
      beneficial to evaluate tenuous repairs, whereas various techniques are helpful in
      avoiding suture line breakdowns as a result of infection.

PMID- 3367440
TI  - Blunt popliteal artery trauma: one hundred consecutive injuries.
AB  - An institutional experience with 100 consecutive blunt popliteal artery injuries
      over a 20-year period was reviewed. The overall amputation rate was 15%; however,
      during the past 7 years this has declined from 23% to 6%. Minimizing delay in the
      revascularization of ischemic limbs, routine systemic heparinization, primary
      arterial repair when possible, repair of popliteal venous injuries, aggressive
      wound debridement, and early soft tissue coverage have contributed to improved
      limb salvage during the 1980s.

PMID- 3367441
TI  - New rules extinguish 'smoking lamp' in growing number of public places.

PMID- 3367443
TI  - Increasing number of medical organizations adopting policies relating to tobacco
      use.

PMID- 3367442
TI  - Surgeon General emphasizes nicotine addiction in annual report on tobacco use,
      consequences.

PMID- 3367444
TI  - More 'no smoking' signs seen in hospitals.

PMID- 3367445
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. AIDS and HIV update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and
      human immunodeficiency virus infection among health-care workers.

PMID- 3367446
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Passive smoking: beliefs, attitudes, and exposures--United
      States, 1986.

PMID- 3367447
TI  - White coat hypertension.

PMID- 3367448
TI  - The epidemiology of missing records.

PMID- 3367449
TI  - Zinc as a cofactor in human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression.

PMID- 3367450
TI  - Spermicide use and sexually transmitted disease.

PMID- 3367451
TI  - Low-level cigarette smoking and longitudinal change in serum cholesterol among
      adolescents. The Berlin-Bremen Study.
AB  - The current study was conducted to determine if smokers and nonsmokers differ in
      serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) before
      smoking initiation and if a decline in HDL-C levels could be detected among
      adolescents during the first two years of smoking. Changes in HDL-C levels and
      smoking were observed longitudinally in 1983, 1984, and 1985 among 691 seventh
      and eighth graders (age range, 12 to 14 years) from two German cities; 82% were
      nonsmokers at baseline. For these baseline nonsmokers, no differences in baseline
      HDL-C concentrations were found between those who became smokers and those who
      remained nonsmokers. In contrast, those who became light (one to 39 cigarettes
      per week) or moderate (greater than or equal to 40 cigarettes per week) smokers
      by one or two years after the initial examination evidenced lower mean HDL-C
      concentrations relative to persistent nonsmokers at follow-up, constituting a
      decrement of -0.016 mmol/L [SE = .035] (-0.6 mg/dL) [SE = 1.4] for light smokers
      and -0.114 mmol/L [SE = .064] (-4.4 mg/dL) [SE = 2.5] for moderate smokers. These
      findings suggest that short-term exposure to cigarette smoke at low levels may
      have atherogenic consequences.

PMID- 3367452
TI  - Heavy smokers, smoking cessation, and clonidine. Results of a double-blind,
      randomized trial.
AB  - Seventy-one heavy smokers who had failed in previous attempts to stop smoking
      participated in a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of clonidine as
      an aid in smoking cessation. The success rate in clonidine-treated subjects
      (verified by serum cotinine concentration) was more than twice that in the
      placebo-treated subjects. When the data were stratified by gender, a strong
      effect present in women was not apparent in men. After six months, cessation
      rates remained significantly higher among smokers treated with clonidine than
      those receiving placebo. The data also revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence
      (61%) of a history of major depression in this sample and a significant negative
      effect of such a history on cessation regardless of treatment. These findings,
      highly suggestive of an important role of clonidine in smoking cessation, warrant
      further studies to establish the long-term (greater than or equal to 12 months)
      efficacy of this drug and to replicate the association between nicotine
      dependence and depression.

PMID- 3367454
TI  - Reverse targeting of preventive care due to lack of health insurance.
AB  - We analyzed patterns of receipt of preventive services among middle-aged women,
      with particular attention to health insurance coverage, based on data from the
      National Health Interview Survey. Lack of insurance was most prevalent among
      socioeconomically disadvantaged women at high risk for disease and was the
      strongest predictor of failure to receive screening tests. The relative risk of
      inadequate screening for uninsured compared with insured women was 1.60 (95%
      confidence interval [Cl], 1.40 to 1.83) for blood pressure checkups, 1.55 (95%
      Cl, 1.43 to 1.68) for cervical smears, 1.52 (95% Cl, 1.41 to 1.63) for glaucoma
      testing, and 1.42 (95% Cl, 1.33 to 1.51) for clinical breast examination.
      Controlling for demographic and health status variables did not diminish the
      effect of insurance coverage. We conclude that inadequate insurance coverage
      leads to "reverse targeting" of preventive care--that is, populations at highest
      risk are least likely to be screened. This compromises both the effectiveness and
      the cost-effectiveness of screening.

PMID- 3367453
TI  - Breast cancer and alcohol consumption. A study in weak associations.
AB  - A total of 1467 cases of women with breast cancer and 10,178 sex- and age-matched
      hospital controls were examined for alcohol consumption and other potential risk
      factors. Effects of risk factors were assessed by odds ratios, and adjustment was
      made for confounding variables by using stratified analyses and logistic
      regression. Several factors were found to influence alcohol consumption,
      including age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, body mass, and
      cigarette smoking. Lean women (Quetelet index, less than 22) had elevated
      unadjusted odds ratios for breast cancer of 2.10, 1.71, and 1.41 associated with
      consuming less than 5, 5 to 15, and more than 15 g of alcohol per day,
      respectively. However, this pattern is not consistent with a dose response, and
      adjustment for a risk profile of confounding factors, including education and
      occupation (which are strong correlates of age at first pregnancy and parity),
      reduced these estimates to 1.40, 1.24, and 0.87, none of which differs
      significantly from 1.0. Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for
      pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly about 0.94 and showed
      no consistent trend with increasing alcohol consumption. While these results do
      not entirely rule out a weak association between breast cancer and alcohol in
      certain subgroups, neither do they provide compelling evidence that alcohol has a
      role in the genesis of this malignancy.

PMID- 3367455
TI  - Oral acyclovir for treatment of first-episode herpes simplex virus proctitis.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients with first-episode rectal herpes simplex virus infection
      were enrolled in a double-blind trial of oral acyclovir, 400 mg five times daily,
      vs placebo treatment. Eighty percent of those receiving acyclovir compared with
      25% of placebo recipients no longer had herpes simplex virus isolated from their
      rectal lesions three days after onset of therapy. The median duration of rectal
      lesions and viral excretion from rectal lesions (median, five and zero days,
      respectively) was significantly shorter in patients treated with acyclovir than
      in placebo-treated patients (14 and 11 days, respectively). Durations of local
      signs and symptoms of proctitis, such as rectal pain, discharge, and friability,
      were shorter in acyclovir recipients than in placebo recipients, but these
      differences were not statistically significant. Daily administration of 2 g of
      oral acyclovir for ten days alleviates some of the clinical signs of herpes
      simplex virus rectal infection.

PMID- 3367456
TI  - Attributes of successful smoking cessation interventions in medical practice. A
      meta-analysis of 39 controlled trials.
AB  - Meta-analysis was used to examine 108 intervention comparisons in 39 controlled
      smoking cessation trials. Type of intervention (face-to-face advice being better
      than all others), type of intervenor (both physician and nonphysician counselors
      better than either alone), the number of reinforcing sessions, and the duration
      of reinforcing sessions were related to success six months after the initiation
      of intervention. The number of modalities used by the intervention predicted
      success with borderline statistical significance. Multivariate analysis predicted
      that a team of physicians and nonphysicians using multiple intervention
      modalities to deliver individualized advice on multiple occasions would produce
      the best result. Program success 12 months after the initiation of intervention
      was related to the type of intervention session (group and individual sessions
      combined better than either alone), the number of intervention modalities, and
      the number of reinforcing sessions. With multivariate adjustment for confounding,
      the number of intervention modalities alone had a positive association with
      intervention success.

PMID- 3367457
TI  - The use of computed body tomography in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3367458
TI  - AIDS and compassion.

PMID- 3367459
TI  - Uniting physicians against smoking: the need for a coordinated national strategy.

PMID- 3367460
TI  - Clonidine, depression, and smoking cessation.

PMID- 3367461
TI  - Medicare down under: bureaucracy triumphant.

PMID- 3367462
TI  - A piece of my mind. No greater love.

PMID- 3367463
TI  - Neurologists study abnormal CSF, stroke associated with AIDS.

PMID- 3367464
TI  - Shifting work, sleep cycles are on the way to becoming another public health
      issue.

PMID- 3367465
TI  - Rotating work schedules give new meanings to familiar 'early to bed, early to
      rise'.

PMID- 3367466
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Cholesterol awareness in selected states--Behavioral Risk
      Factor Surveillance, 1987.

PMID- 3367467
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Trends in years of potential life lost due to infant
      mortality and perinatal conditions, 1980-1983 and 1984-1985.

PMID- 3367468
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Paralytic poliomyelitis--Senegal, 1986-1987: update on the N
      IPV efficacy study.

PMID- 3367469
TI  - The use of HIV antibody testing by physicians.

PMID- 3367470
TI  - Suicide with, and because of, cocaine.

PMID- 3367471
TI  - Persistently decreased brain dopamine levels and cocaine.

PMID- 3367472
TI  - Lupus anticoagulants and antibodies to phospholipids.

PMID- 3367473
TI  - Wilson's disease in The Merck Manual: corrections.

PMID- 3367474
TI  - Altruism, self-interest, and medical ethics.

PMID- 3367475
TI  - Dicroceliasis: a fluke diagnosis or a false infection?

PMID- 3367477
TI  - The role of evidence in the consensus process. Results from a Canadian consensus
      exercise.
AB  - As part of a consensus conference on cesarean birth, the ten-member consensus
      panel rated 224 clinical scenarios on their appropriateness for a cesarean
      section. Ratings were obtained before and immediately after the consensus
      conference. The level of agreement (consensus) among panelists was assessed
      separately for scenarios with good research evidence (evidence scenarios) and for
      those with conflicting, poor, or no evidence (nonevidence scenarios). For each
      scenario, consensus between panelists was measured as total agreement, partial
      agreement, or disagreement on the appropriateness of a cesarean section. Before
      the conference, total or partial agreement existed for a larger percentage of
      evidence than nonevidence scenarios (85% vs 30%), with the pattern reversed for
      disagreements (15% vs 70%). After the conference, possible improvement in the
      level of consensus actually occurred for 71% of the evidence and only 24% of the
      nonevidence scenarios. Thus, the consensus process, as structured here, was
      sensitive to the availability of good evidence and suggests that aspects of both
      expert and public processes can successfully be combined. However, an improvement
      could be made in the process by grading final recommendations according to the
      availability of rigorous research evidence.

PMID- 3367476
TI  - Thyroid failure in the elderly.

PMID- 3367478
TI  - Evidence and consensus.

PMID- 3367479
TI  - A piece of my mind. The cabalist.

PMID- 3367481
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Acute traumatic spinal cord injury surveillance--United
      States, 1987.

PMID- 3367480
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Update: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-
      worldwide.

PMID- 3367482
TI  - Intraurethral cocaine administration.

PMID- 3367483
TI  - A piece of her heart.

PMID- 3367484
TI  - Premarital screening for HIV.

PMID- 3367485
TI  - Altered folate metabolism in early HIV infection.

PMID- 3367486
TI  - Sublethal exposure to microwave radar.

PMID- 3367487
TI  - Cost containment and quality care.

PMID- 3367488
TI  - Rubella antibody persistence after immunization. Sixteen-year follow-up in the
      Hawaiian Islands.
AB  - A comparative field trial of three rubella virus vaccines (Cendehill, HPV-77 DE
      5, and HPV-77 DK-12) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in
      the state of Hawaii. In 1985, follow-up was reinitiated to assess the long-term
      durability of vaccine-induced immunity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of
      serum specimens from 1290 participants demonstrated seropositive rates of 92.4%
      and 96.4% at screening levels of 10 (protective level) and 7 (lowest detectable
      level) IU/mL, respectively. The seropositive rates were not related to
      reinfection or reimmunizations. These findings indicate that vaccine-induced
      rubella antibodies are detectable in almost all persons up to 16 years after
      successful vaccination.

PMID- 3367490
TI  - The lurking sperm. A review of failures in 8879 vasectomies performed by one
      physician.
AB  - Vasectomy techniques and failure rates vary among surgeons, and the criteria for
      failure are not often clearly defined. To help establish a yardstick for
      comparative purposes, a series of 8879 consecutive vasectomies performed with
      uniform technique over 24 years was reviewed. A subgroup of 5331 men who had
      returned for at least two postoperative semen tests--the study group--was used
      for follow-up analysis. Failures were defined as early or late and also were
      categorized as overt or technical according to the numbers, motility, or
      persistence of the remaining spermatozoa. There were 97 failures of all types,
      including 32 (0.60%) early and overt failures and 61 (1.14%) technical failures
      that involved the persistence of small numbers of spermatozoa, possibly of no
      significance. Four (0.08%) late overt failures were also seen; each of these was
      discovered as a result of a pregnancy, and each occurred at least four years
      after two azoospermic test results. Of the 97 failures, four were recognized as
      due to missed vasa deferentia, and the remainder were attributed to
      recanalization. Whether improved and reproducible failure rates can be
      consistently obtained by other techniques is not yet clear.

PMID- 3367489
TI  - Long-term L-thyroxine therapy is associated with decreased hip bone density in
      premenopausal women.
AB  - The effect of long-term L-thyroxine (L-T4) therapy on axial skeleton bone density
      was studied in 31 premenopausal women; the bone densities of these women were
      compared with the bone densities of 31 age- and weight-matched women without
      thyroid or bone abnormalities. The women receiving L-T4 therapy had been
      receiving the medication for a minimum of five years. There was no difference in
      calcium intake or excretion between the L-T4-treated women and the controls.
      Women receiving L-T4 had increased serum thyroxine concentrations (134 +/- 5 vs
      95 +/- 3 nmol/L [10.4 +/- 0.4 vs 7.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/dL]), an increased free
      thyroxine index (9.4 +/- 0.4 vs 6.8 +/- 0.2), and decreased serum thyroid
      stimulating hormone concentrations (0.9 +/- 0.2 mU/L vs 2.1 +/- 0.3 mU/L [0.9 +/-
      0.2 vs 2.1 +/- 0.3 microU/mL]). Serum triiodothyronine concentrations were normal
      and were similar in both groups. Women treated with L-T4 had a 12.8% lower bone
      density at the femoral neck and a 10.1% lower bone density at the femoral
      trochanter compared with matched controls. In contrast, lumbar spine bone density
      was similar in the two groups. The data suggest that long-term L-T4 therapy,
      which is often given at supraphysiologic dosages, may predispose patients to
      decreased bone density in the hip and may increase the risk of age-related bone
      loss. It is advisable, therefore, to employ a dosage of L-T4 that is carefully
      monitored to avoid the long-term use of dosages that are excessive for the
      thyroid condition being treated.

PMID- 3367491
TI  - Do primary physicians actually manage their patients' fee-for-service care?
AB  - In what proportion of a patient's total health care is the primary physician
      involved? By means of calendar diaries and telephone interviews, 211 primary care
      patients from community practices of the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative
      Information Project were followed prospectively for one year. We found that a
      substantial proportion of care was managed (that is, either actually provided or
      coordinated in advance) by the patient's primary physician. Specifically,
      criteria for a primary physician's role in management were met by 75% of 1379
      ambulatory visits to physicians, 33% of 786 visits to nonphysician health care
      providers, 81% of 26 nonemergency hospitalizations, and 78% of 2769
      prescriptions. Primary physicians in these settings appear to function as case
      managers even when they are not participating in formal managed-care systems.

PMID- 3367492
TI  - The preliminary report of the findings of the aspirin component of the ongoing
      Physicians' Health Study. The FDA perspective on aspirin for the primary
      prevention of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3367493
TI  - American medicine's problems, opportunities, and enemies.

PMID- 3367494
TI  - Thyroid hormone and the skeleton: a bone of contention.

PMID- 3367495
TI  - Vasectomy.

PMID- 3367496
TI  - A piece of my mind. A little night poetry.

PMID- 3367497
TI  - [Relation between the work of breathing and oxygen consumption during
      intermittent mandatory ventilation].

PMID- 3367498
TI  - [Cerebral protective effects by continuous administration of a calcium antagonist
      after canine global brain ischemia--change in cerebral blood flow and
      metabolism].

PMID- 3367499
TI  - [Epidural anesthesia by the two-catheter technic for vaginal delivery: its
      effects on fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, and maternal/fetal acid
      base balance].

PMID- 3367500
TI  - [Continuous epidural infusion of 0.01% morphine for postoperative pain relief].

PMID- 3367501
TI  - [Evaluation of the analgesic effect of buprenorphine administered in the epidural
      space for postoperative pain relief by a pressure algesimeter].

PMID- 3367502
TI  - [The effects of L- and DL-lactated Ringer's solution on lactate and glucose
      metabolism and endocrine response during upper abdominal surgery].

PMID- 3367503
TI  - [Effect of enflurane on myocardial metabolism in dog hearts with a narrowed
      coronary artery].

PMID- 3367504
TI  - [A case of severe acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary hemorrhage
      successfully treated by extracorporeal lung assist with a membrane lung].

PMID- 3367505
TI  - [Anesthetic management of tracheal stenosis using a cardiopulmonary bypass].

PMID- 3367506
TI  - [Anesthesia for a patient with the hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia
      homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome].

PMID- 3367507
TI  - [Thoracic epidural block for radical mastectomy in a patient with multiple
      pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae; changes in the intrapulmonary shunt].

PMID- 3367508
TI  - [Glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerve block to facilitate semi-awake
      nasotracheal intubation].

PMID- 3367509
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies of norfloxacin in respiratory tract infections].
AB  - Norfloxacin (NFLX), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, was investigated for its
      antibacterial activity and clinical efficacy on respiratory tract infections. The
      results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Antibacterial activities were
      evaluated against 127 strains of various bacteria isolated from clinical sources.
      MIC80's of this drug were: against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
      pyogenes 1.56 micrograms/ml; Haemophilus influenzae 0.05 microgram/ml or less;
      and Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. 0.10 microgram/ml. These antibacterial
      activities were superior to these of ampicillin and cephalexin, except against S.
      pyogenes. 2. Clinical responses to NFLX in a total of 32 cases with respiratory
      tract infections were excellent in 9 cases, good in 12, fair in 9, poor in 2,
      with an efficacy rate of 65.6%. Neither adverse reactions nor abnormalities of
      laboratory test results were observed.

PMID- 3367510
TI  - [Concentrations of cefuroxime in the skin].
AB  - Concentrations of cefuroxime (CXM) in the skin and the serum of 24 patients were
      examined. CXM (0.75 g, 1.5 g) was administered to these patients intravenously in
      one shot. The skin and the serum were collected at 30 and 60 minutes after the
      injection. Concentrations of CXM in the skin were following: 0.75 g, 30 min.;
      11.4 +/- 5.3 micrograms/g 60 min.; 9.5 +/- 4.7 micrograms/g 1.5 g, 30 min.; 17.1
      +/- 6.8 micrograms/g 60 min.; 15.7 +/- 13.2 micrograms/g Concentration ratios
      (skin/serum) at 60 minutes after the injection were from 72.5% to 79.2%. The
      binding ratio of CXM to serum protein was 41%, which was lower than most other
      antibiotics. High concentration levels of CXM were maintained in the skin for a
      long time. Based on this study, we consider that CXM is effective in the skin
      surgery.

PMID- 3367511
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in the field of obstetrics and
      gynecology].
AB  - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefuzonam (CZON) were performed to
      evaluate its usefulness in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. A summary of
      the results is as follows: 1. Concentrations of CZON in female genital organ
      tissues showed a little variance among organs. Mean concentrations were 3.34-7.83
      micrograms/g at 40 minutes, 0.523-1.08 micrograms/g at 2 hours 15 minutes and
      0.286 micrograms/g (in the myometrium) at 3 hours 10 minutes after the end of
      drip infusion. 2. Mean concentrations of CZON in the pelvic dead space exudate
      were 31.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the end of drip infusion (1 hour after
      the start of infusion), and 37.2 micrograms/ml 1 hour after the end of infusion,
      then they gradually decreased to 25.6 micrograms/ml after 3 hours and 21.4
      micrograms/ml after 5 hours. Mean serum concentrations of CZON in concurrently
      collected samples from the peripheral vein were 30.0 micrograms/ml immediately
      after the end of drip infusion, 14.4 micrograms/ml after 1 hour, 4.00
      micrograms/ml after 3 hours and 1.84 micrograms/ml after 5 hours. The T 1/2 beta
      was 1.03 hours. 3. Clinical trial in 7 patients, with CZON administered at a dose
      level of 1 g at a time, twice daily, showed "excellent" and "good" efficacy in
      all the patients. No side effects were noted. From the results of the above
      studies, CZON seems to be highly useful for infections in the field of obstetrics
      and gynecology.

PMID- 3367512
TI  - [Antibacterial activity of cefminox in human urine].
AB  - The antibacterial activity of cefminox (CMNX) was compared to those of cefotaxime
      (CTX) and latamoxef (LMOX) in human urine using 11 clinical isolates from
      complicated urinary tract infections. When the inoculum size was increased from
      10(4) (or 10(3)) to 10(8) (or 10(7)) CFU/ml, MIC values increased in general, but
      the increment of average MICs of CMNX was the smallest of the 3 drugs: 4
      approximately 8 fold with CMNX, 32 approximately 64 fold with CTX and 8
      approximately 32 fold with LMOX. MICs also increased when the urinary pH was
      altered from 8.5 to 5.5, but again the increment of MICs of CMNX was the
      smallest. Using 5 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria as test organisms,
      the bactericidal activity of CMNX was compared to those of CTX and LMOX. In spite
      of the inferior activity of CMNX as determined by the MIC values, CMNX showed
      killing activity equal to or better than CTX and LMOX, particularly at low
      concentrations (2 approximately 20 micrograms/ml). The bacteriolytic activity of
      CMNX was also equal or superior to those of CTX and LMOX against 6 test
      organisms. These results suggest the usefulness of CMNX in the treatment of
      urinary tract infections, particularly when dense bacterial populations are
      present.

PMID- 3367513
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of aspoxicillin after consecutive
      administration at a dose of 4 grams].
AB  - Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new injectable penicillin, was administered to 5 healthy
      male adult volunteers once a day at a daily dose of 4 g for 5 consecutive days to
      study its absorption and excretion. The results of this study are summarized as
      follows: 1. In consecutive administration of ASPC for 5 successive days, no
      remarkable changes were observed in serum concentrations and urinary excretion
      after each administration of ASPC. Therefore, no tendency of accumulation of the
      drug was recognized. 2. The serum ASPC concentration showed its peak values
      ranged from 212.3 to 224.8 micrograms/ml at completion of the intravenous drip
      infusion of ASPC. 3. Urinary recovery rates of ASPC ranged from 70 to 80%. 4.
      There were neither abnormal findings in subjective and objective symptoms nor
      abnormal values in physical and clinical laboratory test due to the
      administration of ASPC.

PMID- 3367515
TI  - [Risk and prevention of infections in clinical laboratories. From the standpoint
      of urinalysis and microscopy section].

PMID- 3367514
TI  - [Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract
      infections to antibiotics (1985)].
AB  - Collaborated studies on species of respiratory tract infection (RTI)-related
      organisms for their identification and drug susceptibilities have been carried
      out since 1981 at about 20 centers in Japan. On this occasion, the data obtained
      between 1982 and 1985 were reanalyzed to determine whether or not drug
      susceptibilities differed depending upon diseases, from which the organisms were
      isolated. The results summarized below were obtained in this study. 1. Among
      Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa examined, differences in drug
      susceptibilities according to different diseases were found among S. aureus and
      also mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. 2. Susceptibility to beta-lactam
      antibiotics was definitely lower in S. aureus strains isolated from pneumonia
      than in those isolated from chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasia. 3. The
      isolation frequency of methicillin-and cefazolin-resistant strains of S. aureus
      was 30.3% and 25.9%, respectively, and was especially high among strains isolated
      from pneumonia. The antibiotic potency of minocycline against S. aureus,
      including methicillin resistant S. aureus, was the strongest among 9 drugs
      examined; S. aureus maintained relatively sufficient sensitivity to dicloxacillin
      among beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Mucoid producing strains of P. aeruginosa
      isolated from chronic bronchitis had slightly lower drug susceptibility than
      those isolated from bronchiectasia. 5. When drug susceptibilities of H.
      influenzae were compared among groups separated according to diseases using
      MIC50, MIC80 and MIC90 as indicators, there were no clear differences. The
      isolation frequency of ampicillin (ABPC)-resistant strains, however, was clearly
      different among diseases; namely, resistant strains were the most and the least
      frequently isolated from chronic bronchitis and from pneumonia, respectively. In
      addition, the drug susceptibility of H. influenzae isolated in 1985 was analyzed
      in relation to the production of beta-lactamase. As a result, it was suspected
      that some factors, other than beta-lactamase, participated in the mechanism of
      ABPC-resistance. 6. These results suggest that drugs to be used for the
      chemotherapy of RTI should be selected considering the fact that drug
      susceptibilities of the pathogens differ, even among the same species, according
      to diseases.

PMID- 3367516
TI  - [Aspiration cytology of mammary gland].

PMID- 3367517
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on measurement by the Amerlex-MT3 RIA kit].

PMID- 3367518
TI  - [Contamination of bronchoendoscopes and endoscope washers by atypical
      mycobacterium].

PMID- 3367519
TI  - [The use of the electron microscope in diagnostic pathology].

PMID- 3367521
TI  - [Risk and prevention of infections in clinical laboratories. From the viewpoint
      of biohazard: importance and problems of biological safety cabinets].

PMID- 3367520
TI  - [Biohazard and its elimination in the pathological examinations].

PMID- 3367522
TI  - [Clinical application of flow cytometry].

PMID- 3367523
TI  - [Measurement of urinary lysozyme output as one of renal tubular function tests].

PMID- 3367524
TI  - [Serum apo A-IV concentration in patients with hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 3367526
TI  - [Image diagnosis of the spine and spinal cord disease].

PMID- 3367525
TI  - [Changes of plasma lipoprotein in patients with alcoholic liver diseases. (II).
      Distribution of apolipoproteins].

PMID- 3367527
TI  - [Adrenal cavernous hemangioma: characteristic radiographic findings].

PMID- 3367528
TI  - [Computed tomography of hematogenously disseminated diseases of the lung].

PMID- 3367529
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial neurinomas].

PMID- 3367530
TI  - [Vascular ring].

PMID- 3367531
TI  - [The usefulness of MRI in malformations of the corpus callosum].

PMID- 3367532
TI  - [Postoperative tension pneumocephalus--a case report].

PMID- 3367533
TI  - [Sequential CT changes in the globus pallidus in acute carbon monoxide poisoning-
      report of 3 cases].

PMID- 3367534
TI  - [A report of three cases diagnosed as non-functioning adrenal tumor].

PMID- 3367535
TI  - Clinical aspects of glomerular diseases.

PMID- 3367536
TI  - The increased sympathoadrenal activity in patients with high altitude pulmonary
      edema is centrally mediated.
AB  - To assess the role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of high altitude
      pulmonary edema (HAPE), 24-hour urinary catecholamine excretions and plasma
      catecholamine concentrations were measured. We also performed brain computed
      tomography (CT) in the same 8 serial patients with HAPE. 24-hour urinary
      norepinephrine excretion showed a statistically high value on admission compared
      with that after recovery (396.9 +/- 92.9 micrograms/24 hr, decreasing to 93.0 +/-
      31.1 micrograms/24 hr, mean +/- S.E., p less than 0.01). 24-hour urinary
      epinephrine excretion on admission was also remarkably high, and returned later
      normal (62.9 +/- 25.8 micrograms/24 hr, decreasing to 12.7 +/- 4.2 micrograms/24
      hr, p less than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine concentration was also high, but
      returned to normal (0.260 +/- 0.073 ng/ml, to 0.11 +/- 0.043 ng/ml) by the time
      of discharge. Brain CT scans revealed diffuse low density of the entire cerebrum,
      small ventricles, disappearance of sulci, and small cistern, suggesting cerebral
      edema. These findings may suggest that the heightened sympathoadrenal activity
      that occurred in the patients concomitant with cerebral edema was related to the
      high altitude illness rather than to simple exposure to high altitude.

PMID- 3367537
TI  - Measurement of inositol in uremic serum by selected ion monitoring.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific quantitative assay for inositol in serum has been
      developed. Uremic serum, to which hexahydroxybenzene as an internal standard was
      added, was deproteined with trichloroacetate. The supernatant aqueous phase was
      taken after lipids in serum were removed with chloroform, and was lyophilized.
      The dried powder was converted to butylboronate derivatives by reaction with 5% n
      butylboronate (pyridine solution). The reaction mixture was gas chromatographed
      on fused silica megabore column DB-1, and assayed by electron impact mass
      spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. Inositol was quantified by the
      internal standard method. It was possible to determine concentrations as low as
      0.1 microgram/ml in 0.5 ml of serum sample with a relative standard deviation of
      less than 5%. The serum inositol concentration from fifteen fasting patients with
      chronic renal failure was 39.1 +/- 18.2 micrograms/ml, significantly higher than
      that of control subjects (5.1 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml). In the fifteen fasting
      patients, serum inositol was linearly related to blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.96).

PMID- 3367538
TI  - Activities, electrophoretic profiles and immunolocalization of superoxide
      dismutase in human liver specimens.
AB  - In order to elucidate active oxygen in liver diseases, activities,
      electrophoretic profiles and immunolocalization of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in
      human liver specimens were investigated. Activities and electrophoresis were
      studied using liver homogenates in 41 cases and immunolocalization of Cu, Zn SOD
      was observed in 87 cases. Total SOD activity in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and
      fatty liver (FL) groups was significantly lower than that in non-specific
      reactive hepatitis (NSRH) group. Cu, Zn SOD activity in AVH, FL and chronic
      active hepatitis (CAH) groups was also significantly lower than that in NSRH
      group. However, no difference of Mn SOD activity, was found between NSRH group
      and others. Decreased activity of superoxide dismutase in liver tissues suggests
      the release of this enzyme from the injured hepatocytes. In electrophoretic
      patterns of superoxide dismutase, 3 bands of Cu, Zn SOD isozymes and 8 to 10
      bands of Mn SOD isozymes were recognized. Immunocytochemical investigation
      revealed the localization of Cu, Zn SOD in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Two
      different distribution of Cu, Zn SOD was observed in the lobules: a diffuse
      localization pattern and a focal one. The latter was found in the cases of liver
      diseases with severe parenchymal lesion. These findings suggest that superoxide
      radical anion and its scavenger, superoxide dismutase, may play an important role
      in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis.

PMID- 3367539
TI  - Peptide YY abnormalities in patients with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Peptide YY concentrations in both rectal mucosa and fasting plasma, which were
      produced by endocrine cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract, were measured in
      normal subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis by specific radioimmunoassay
      and were examined in the relation to histopathological changes and extent of
      lesions of ulcerative colitis. Peptide YY levels of rectal mucosa (11.0 +/- 1.4
      pmol/mg protein) and fasting plasma (53.3 +/- 7.9 fmol/ml) of patients with
      ulcerative colitis were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than those of
      normal subjects (31.5 +/- 3.4 pmol/mg protein and 160.7 +/- 19.7 fmol/ml). It
      appears that the decreased PYY level in rectal mucosa and fasting plasma is
      related to crypt destruction and reduction of mucosal cell. These changes of PYY
      levels in rectal mucosa and fasting plasma suggest a presence of relationship
      between concentrations of peptide YY and severity of lesions in patients with
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3367540
TI  - Quantitation and characterization of serum transferrin receptor in patients with
      anemias and polycythemias.
AB  - Serum transferrin receptor concentration in patients with anemias and
      polycythemias was determined. The mean normal value was 258 +/- 82 ng/ml.
      Comparing with normal values, the higher values were obtained in patients with
      iron deficiency anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and polycythemias, while the
      lower values were obtained in patients with aplsatic anemia. During treatments of
      patients with iron deficiency anemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, serial
      change of serum receptor was paralleled with that of peripheral reticulocyte
      counts, suggesting that the circulating receptor values may reflect the activity
      of bone marrow erythropoiesis. The immunoreactive receptor was migrated at the
      position of alpha 1-globulin by agarose gel electrophoresis and the isoelectric
      point(pl) was 3.57 by isoelectric focusing. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophorogram of various patients' sera revealed that the autoradiographed
      band was migrated at the molecular weight of 110,000 daltons in the non-reducing
      condition and 46,000 and 23,000 daltons in the reducing condition. These bands
      were also capable of binding to 131I-labelled diferric transferrin. The proposed
      model of circulating transferrin receptor may be the nicked dimers of 55,000
      daltons in which inter- and intra-disulfide bridges were present.

PMID- 3367541
TI  - The Marfan syndrome with an XYY chromosome pattern.
AB  - A 36-year-old man who was diagnosed to have the Marfan syndrome with an XYY
      chromosome pattern is reported. He was tall with long limbs and arachnodactylia,
      and had severe aortic regurgitation (AR). The chromosome pattern studied in
      specimens of blood and bone marrow revealed an XYY chromosome pattern. The
      relationship between the Marfan syndrome and an XYY chromosome pattern is
      discussed.

PMID- 3367542
TI  - The papilla of Vater emptying into the duodenal bulb. Report of two cases.
AB  - We have identified two cases in which anomalous papilla of Vater was found
      emptying into the duodenal bulb. In both instances, bile outflow from the papilla
      was confirmed endoscopically and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography
      (ERCP) was performed.

PMID- 3367543
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage during inhalation provocation test in a case of farmer's
      lung disease.
AB  - Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in order to reveal inflammatory immune
      processes during inhalation provocation test in a patient with farmer's lung
      disease. Three hours after inhalation challenge the patient showed dyspnea and an
      increase in body temperature to 38.9 degrees C, restrictive and obstructive
      impairment, and a decrease in peripheral lymphocytes from, 2.8 x 10(3)/mm3 to 1.8
      x 10(3)/mm3, although peripheral granulocytes increased from 4.4 x 10(3)/mm3 to
      10.3 x 10(3)/mm. BAL fluid at that time showed increases in lymphocytes,
      granulocytes and macrophage, as well as proteins and complements, compared with
      that before the inhalation test. These findings indicate that with inhalation
      challenge in a patient with farmer's lung disease, inflammation increases
      vascular permeability while protein loss is followed by an increase in
      lymphocytes, granulocytes and macrophage; the lymphocytes migrate to the lung
      from peripheral blood.

PMID- 3367544
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation accompanying thoracic and abdominal aortic
      aneurysm; report of three cases.
AB  - We reported three patients who developed disseminated intravascular coagulation
      (DIC) accompanying thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. The first case, a 26
      year-old man with dissecting aortic aneurysm developed DIC with clinical bleeding
      after operating on glaucoma. The administration of fibrinogen concentrates and
      antifibrinolytic agent made his DIC improve. The second case, a 70-year-old man
      with abdominal aortic aneurysm developed DIC showing large ecchymosis after
      angiography. His DIC disappeared after operation on aneurysm. The third case, a
      73-year-old woman with thoracic and abdominal aneurysm developed laboratory-DIC
      without severe hemorrhagic diathesis. During antifibrinolytic therapy, platelet
      count, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) level improved. Since
      the treatment of the coagulopathy might be varied in the situation of the cause
      and clinical course, it is noted that anti-fibrinolytic therapy was effective in
      our two cases.

PMID- 3367545
TI  - Blockade of the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine by concurrent
      treatment with opioid- but not non-opioid-mediated stress in mice.
AB  - Studies have been carried out to determine how the analgesic effect of morphine
      and the development of tolerance to the effect would be influenced by concurrent
      exposure to stresses in mice. Application of footshock (FS) stress, which
      produces analgesia mediated by opioid mu-receptors, or psychological (PSY)
      stress, which produces analgesia in a manner more closely related to opioid kappa
      receptors, did not affect the analgesic effect of morphine, but completely
      blocked the development of tolerance during 5 daily concomitant treatments. On
      the other hand, forced swimming (SW) stress induced analgesia (SIA), which was
      not antagonized by naloxone, suppressed morphine analgesia, but failed to block
      the tolerance development. The blockade of the development of tolerance to
      morphine analgesia by stresses may not be attributed to the analgesic effect
      induced by the stresses because a combination of weak FS stress, which induces no
      analgesia, also effectively suppressed the development of morphine tolerance. In
      addition to the opioid mechanism, an adrenergic mechanism can not be excluded
      because of the reserpine antagonism of these SIAs.

PMID- 3367546
TI  - Cytoprotective action of cetraxate against HCl.ethanol-induced gastric lesion in
      rats.
AB  - The protective effect of cetraxate, an antiulcer and antigastritis agent, on
      HCl.ethanol-induced gastric lesions was investigated in rats. Oral administration
      of 1 ml of HCl.ethanol (60% ethanol in 150 mM HCl) induced within 1 hr linear
      hemorrhagic necrosis in the gastric mucosa. Either oral or intraperitoneal
      treatment with cetraxate (30-300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited such macroscopic
      gastric lesions in a dose-related manner, and the inhibition at the oral highest
      dose (300 mg/kg) was practically complete. Histological analysis also confirmed
      that cetraxate effectively prevented deep mucosal necrosis, but showed that it
      was without protective effect on the surface epithelial disruption and submucosal
      edema in response to HCl.ethanol. The antilesion activity of cetraxate was of
      statistically significance for at least 3 hr after a single injection, and it was
      hardly affected by the removal of the gastric contents just prior to application
      of the necrotizing agent. However, subcutaneous treatment of rats with
      indomethacin (5 mg/kg) resulted in a partial but significant attenuation in the
      protection afforded by cetraxate, suggesting that dual mechanisms related and
      unrelated to endogenous prostaglandins may be involved in its protective
      activity. The results demonstrate that cetraxate is a potent cytoprotective agent
      effectively preventing the formation of gastric mucosal necrosis induced by
      HCl.ethanol.

PMID- 3367547
TI  - Comparison of the action of epinephrine and a respiratory chain uncoupler, 2,4
      dinitrophenol, on Ca2+-mobilization in isolated hepatocytes and perfused livers.
AB  - The effects of epinephrine and dinitrophenol (DNP) on Ca2+-fluxes and energy
      metabolism were compared in isolated rat hepatocytes and perfused rat livers.
      Epinephrine increased the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), with Ca2+
      being extruded into the extracellular space. DNP also increased [Ca2+]i, but did
      not cause Ca2+ extrusion into the extracellular space. The maximal change of
      [Ca2+]i caused by DNP was much larger than that by epinephrine. In the absence of
      extracellular Ca2+, the transient increase of [Ca2+]i due to epinephrine declined
      rapidly, while the DNP-induced increase was not affected. Although increased
      oxygen consumption was detected after the addition of epinephrine or DNP, tissue
      ATP contents decreased markedly by DNP, but not by epinephrine, suggesting that
      the Ca2+ extrusion is energy-dependent. DNP could activate glycogenolysis even
      after the depletion of the epinephrine-responsive Ca2+ store in isolated perfused
      liver, indicating that this intracellular Ca2+ store differed from the DNP
      responsive store.

PMID- 3367549
TI  - Involvement of uptake2 mechanism in inactivation of noradrenaline released by
      tyramine under anoxic conditions in perfused rat heart.
AB  - Effects of uptake2 inhibition by corticosterone on tyramine-induced noradrenaline
      (NA) overflow under control, glucose-deprivation, anoxia and anoxia with glucose
      deprivation were examined in perfused rat heart. Uptake2 inhibition by
      corticosterone (100 microM) had no effect on the NA overflow under control and
      glucose-deprivation, but significantly augmented the NA overflow by about 40% and
      25% under anoxia and anoxia with glucose-deprivation, respectively. These results
      indicate that the uptake mechanism is at least in part responsible for the
      inactivation of NA under anoxic conditions in the perfused rat heart.

PMID- 3367548
TI  - The effect of baclofen on the urinary bladder contraction accompanying
      micturition in anesthetized rats.
AB  - We studied the effects of baclofen on the bladder contraction induced by infusion
      of Tyrode's solution into the urinary bladder in anesthetized rats. Baclofen (5
      mg/kg, i.v.) completely inhibited bladder contraction and abolished the efferent
      discharges recorded from the left pelvic nerve, causing the bladder pressure to
      rise until solution leaked from the penis. The inhibitory effect of baclofen (5
      mg/kg, i.v.) could not be reversed by picrotoxin (1 mg/kg, i.v., twice with an
      interval of 10 min) or naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.v.). In parallel with convulsion,
      strychnine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) contracted the bladder which had been inhibited by
      baclofen and generated electrical activities consisting of efferent discharges
      and electromyograms. The dose of intracerebroventricularly or intrathecally
      injected baclofen which completely inhibited the bladder contraction was 0.1 or
      10 micrograms, respectively. After the inhibition of bladder contraction by i.v.
      injection of baclofen, electrical stimulation of the sacral cord could contract
      the bladder and cause a fall in bladder pressure to around the level existing
      after micturition. From these results, the active site of baclofen which is
      related to the inhibition of bladder contraction is thought to be the micturition
      center in the brain stem.

PMID- 3367550
TI  - Increase in basal pulse rate and blood pressure by the diabetic state in KK-CAy
      mice, alloxan-mice and streptozotocin-mice.
AB  - Basal pulse rate (PR) and systolic blood pressure (BP) in the tail artery of
      diabetic KK-CAy mice were compared with those of alloxan- or streptozotocin (STZ)
      induced diabetic ddY mice. Significantly higher PR and BP were obtained by the
      above three kinds of diabetic states when compared with the pre-diabetic state
      (KK-CAy) or the non-diabetic state (ddY mice). The PR and BP alteration in
      diabetic KK-CAy mice were significantly different from the PR one in alloxan-mice
      and from the BP one in STZ-mice, respectively. Both increases in PR and BP by the
      diabetic state suggest an anticholinergic state.

PMID- 3367552
TI  - Informal consultations.

PMID- 3367553
TI  - Chemically dependent physicians: colleagues now pay for looking the other way.

PMID- 3367551
TI  - Effects of some psychotropic drugs on the b-wave of the electroretinogram in
      isolated rabbit retina.
AB  - The role of dopaminergic and cholinergic functions in the genesis of an
      electroretinogram is unclear. The present study was carried out to elucidate the
      direct actions of some psychotropic drugs in isolated rabbit retinas.
      Methamphetamine and apomorphine decreased dose-dependently the b-wave amplitude
      at a dose of 10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml. On the other hand, chlorpromazine and
      haloperidol, as well as atropine and amitriptyline, increased dose-dependently
      the b-wave amplitude at the same dose range. These data support the idea that
      dopaminergic and cholinergic systems play an important role in the genesis of the
      ERG.

PMID- 3367554
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy: Flint Hills experience.

PMID- 3367555
TI  - Cell rubidium uptake: a method for studying functional heterogeneity in the
      nephron.
AB  - Rubidium uptake into individual tubule cells of rat renal cortex as measured by
      energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis on freeze dried cryosections was used as an
      index of potassium transport. Over a 30 second period following intravenous
      infusion of rubidium (0.5 mmol/kg body wt) rubidium content increased in all
      cells. After 30 seconds, rubidium contents were (in mmol/kg dry wt): 225 +/- 8 in
      distal convoluted tubule cells, 156 +/- 7 in connecting tubule cells, 110 +/- 7
      in principal cells, 86 +/- 4 in proximal tubule cells and 24 +/- 2 in
      intercalated cells (mean +/- SEM). When distal sodium and potassium transport
      were stimulated by hypertonic saline loading, rubidium uptake was selectively
      increased into distal convoluted tubule cells by 38%, into connecting tubule
      cells by 36%, and into principal cells by 52%. However, rubidium uptake into
      proximal tubule and into intercalated cells remained unchanged. The preferential
      uptake of rubidium into distal convoluted tubule cells, connecting tubule cells,
      and principal cells correlates well with the known transport functions of sodium
      and potassium, whereas intercalated cells are distinguished by low sodium and
      potassium transport activity.

PMID- 3367556
TI  - Mitotic response to high protein intake in different renal cell types in weanling
      rats.
AB  - We examined the effect of high protein intake on the mitotic response (3H
      thymidine incorporation) in the glomerulus, proximal tubule (PT), thick ascending
      limb of Henle (TAL), distal tubule (DT) and collecting duct (CD) in kidneys from
      16- to 24-day-old rats that received an isocaloric diet containing 21% (NP) and
      50% (HP) protein from 16 days of age. Nephron filtration rate was also
      determined. After two days of HP diet, thymidine incorporation (TI) was
      significantly increased in PT and TAL. After two days on HP diet TI was most
      pronounced in TAL. After eight days on HP diet TI remained elevated in PT, but
      not in TAL. HP did not increase TI in DT or CD. The glomerular TI was the same in
      HP as in NP rats after two and four days on the diet, but was significantly
      elevated after eight days on HP diet. The nephron filtration rate was increased
      after two days and remained significantly elevated after eight days on HP diet.
      The proximal tubule fractional reabsorption was the same in 24-day-old NP and HP
      rats. We conclude that the results are compatible with the hypothesis that the Na
      load is a major factor triggering tubular growth after HP intake. Glomerular
      growth is secondary to increase in nephron filtration rate.

PMID- 3367557
TI  - Treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in obese Zucker rats.
AB  - Hyperlipidemic obese Zucker rats develop albuminuria and spontaneous focal
      glomerulosclerosis (FGS) at an early age, despite normal glomerular capillary
      pressures and nephron plasma flows. To investigate the role of abnormal lipid
      metabolism in the pathogenesis of FGS, pharmacologic agents were used to reduce
      serum lipids in male, obese Zucker rats. Eight rats were treated from 8 to 40
      weeks of age with the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, mevinolin (group I). A
      separate group of seven obese rats was treated with the structurally-unrelated
      lipid lowering agent, clofibric acid (group II). Results from these two groups
      were compared to controls injected with vehicle only (group III). Body weight and
      food intake were similar in all three groups. Mevinolin reduced both serum
      cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels while clofibric acid lowered only
      serum cholesterol. Urine albumin excretion was reduced in groups I and II
      compared to group III. Mesangial matrix expansion and cellularity were both
      reduced by mevinolin and clofibric acid. In addition, the percent of glomeruli
      with focal glomerulosclerosis was much less in groups I (0.4 +/- 0.1%) and II
      (1.3 +/- 0.7%) compared to group III (4.6 +/- 0.7%, P less than 0.05).
      Micropuncture studies, carried out in separate groups of obese rats, demonstrated
      that mevinolin and clofibric acid did not affect glomerular hemodynamic function.
      Although the precise mechanism remains to be defined, these results suggest that
      abnormal lipid metabolism may be important in the pathogenesis of FGS.

PMID- 3367558
TI  - Effect of glycation of albumin on its renal clearance in normal and diabetic
      rats.
AB  - Two independent techniques have been used to study the renal clearances of
      nonenzymatically glycated albumin and nonglycated albumin in normal and
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, 16 to 24 weeks after the onset of diabetes.
      In the first technique, serum and urinary endogenous glycated and nonglycated
      albumin were separated using m-aminophenylboronate affinity chromatography and
      subsequently quantified by radioimmunoassay. Endogenous glycated albumin was
      cleared approximately twofold faster than nonglycated albumin in normal and
      diabetic rats. However, no difference was observed in the glycated
      albumin/nonglycated albumin clearance ratios (Cga/Calb) in normal and diabetic
      rats, respectively (2.18 +/- 0.39 vs 1.83 +/- 0.22, P greater than 0.05). The
      second technique measured the renal clearance of injected 125I-labelled glycated
      albumin and 125I-labelled albumin. The endogenous results were supported by the
      finding that 125I-labelled glycated albumin was cleared more rapidly than 125I
      labelled albumin in normal (P less than 0.01) and diabetic (P less than 0.05)
      rats. The Cga/Calb ratio calculated for the radiolabelled albumins was 1.4 and
      2.0 in normal and diabetic rats, respectively. This evidence suggests that
      nonenzymatic glycation of albumin increases its renal clearance to a similar
      degree in normal and diabetic rats.

PMID- 3367559
TI  - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration: an in vitro simulation and mathematical
      model.
AB  - In vitro and mathematical models of continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration
      (CAVH) have been developed. Human erythrocytes resuspended in normal saline
      containing 5% bovine albumin were used to perfuse the circuit from a gravity
      driven pressure source. Membrane hydraulic permeability was observed to decline
      from 31.2 x 10(-5) +/- 11.9 x 10(-5) cm/(min.mm Hg) before use to 12.3 x 10(-5)
      +/- 3.3 x 10(-5) (mean +/- SD) after use. This fall occurred during the first one
      to two hours whether perfused with blood or 5% albumin alone. Pressure-flow
      relationships of each circuit component, measured with 40% sucrose as a
      calibration medium, conformed to Poiseuille's equation. Use of high resistance
      blood access on the venous end of the circuit resulted in a low blood flow rate
      and high filtration fraction. The same access, when placed on the arterial end,
      produced both low blood flow rate and low filtration fraction. These results were
      a consequence of pressure distribution within the circuit as demonstrated by
      measurements of perfusion, prefilter, and postfilter pressures. The importance of
      negative pressure applied to the filter chamber in order to maintain favorable
      Starling forces, when the system was operated with a small bore arterial access,
      was demonstrated by similar methods. Enhancement of urea clearance by predilution
      was verified. Model simulations suggest that predilution will be of less benefit
      or even detrimental for other solutes which fail to distribute across the
      erythrocyte membrane. Comparison of results with predictions of a mathematical
      model demonstrated good agreement, but with some tendency to overestimate
      filtrate production. The latter was attributed to neglect of concentration
      polarization of plasma proteins in model development.

PMID- 3367562
TI  - Abstracts. Scandinavian Society of Nephrology. May 14 and 15, 1987, Visby,
      Sweden.

PMID- 3367560
TI  - Idiopathic membranous nephropathy: the natural history of untreated patients.
AB  - We reviewed the diagnostic features and clinical course of 140 patients with
      idiopathic membranous nephropathy who had their index renal biopsies performed at
      the Mayo Clinic between 1972 and 1984. There were 93 males and 47 females
      (average age, 50.8 +/- 17 years); 116 patients (83%) had the nephrotic syndrome
      and 42 (30%) were hypertensive at diagnosis. Eighty-nine patients were not
      treated with corticosteroid or immunosuppressive drugs and 51 patients were
      treated mainly with short-term courses of prednisone alone; a minority of
      patients also received meclofenamate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or
      chlorambucil. Five-year survival, including patients who received dialysis or a
      renal transplant, was 85%, 75% at 10 years, and no different from expected
      survival; there was no difference between untreated and treated groups. Also,
      there were no differences in the outcomes of renal function and protein excretion
      between untreated and treated patients. Among 28 patients (20%) who developed end
      stage renal disease, 17 showed rapid progression within 2.5 years after
      diagnosis. Fifteen of the 17 patients were males; all were severely nephrotic and
      had impaired renal function at diagnosis. Only 1 of 24 patients with nonnephrotic
      proteinuria at index renal biopsy progressed to end-stage renal disease. Overall,
      a level of baseline proteinuria of 10 g or more per 24 hours and variable blood
      pressure control in hypertensive patients were associated with renal progression.

PMID- 3367561
TI  - Proteinuria in IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Clinicopathological data in 74 patients with IgA nephropathy were analyzed with
      special attention to level of proteinuria and its prognostic significance in this
      disease. Excretion rates exceeding 3 g per day (heavy), in the range of 1 to 2.9
      g (moderate) and under 1 g per day (mild) each occurred in approximately equal
      proportions of patients. One-sixth of those with more than 1 g developed end
      stage renal failure, while serum creatinine never exceeded 2 mg/dl in any with
      mild proteinuria. "Renal survival" (serum creatinine of 2 mg/dl or less) at five
      years after presentation was 100% in patients with persistently mild proteinuria,
      87% in those whose protein excretion reached the moderate range, and 69% when
      heavy or nephrotic range proteinuria developed. Of significance, only rarely did
      mild proteinuria at presentation increase to higher levels. A correlation existed
      between level of protein excretion and severity of mesangial, segmental or global
      proliferation, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte effacement, interstitial
      infiltration, tubular atrophy and vascular sclerosis, even in patients with
      unimpaired renal function. Moderate or heavy proteinuria typically preceded the
      onset of hypertension and occurred prior to the development of renal
      insufficiency. Our results underscore magnitude of proteinuria as an early marker
      of glomerular damage in the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3367563
TI  - [Epilepsies in childhood. 2. Therapy].

PMID- 3367564
TI  - [Jaffe-Lichtenstein disease or subacute osteomyelitis? Presentation of a
      problem].

PMID- 3367565
TI  - [Copper supplementation in the treatment of kwashiorkor].

PMID- 3367567
TI  - [Transferrin and ceruloplasmin in the blood of patients with acute peritonitis].

PMID- 3367566
TI  - [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) in childhood--a rare "non-classifiable"
      disease].

PMID- 3367568
TI  - [Clinical use of extracorporeal porcine spleen in the treatment of septicemia].

PMID- 3367569
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on hematopoiesis in septicemia].

PMID- 3367570
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the results of the treatment of patients with acute
      suppurative lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3367571
TI  - [Phagocytic activity of neutrophils of the peripheral blood after ultraviolet
      irradiation in patients with suppurative wounds].

PMID- 3367572
TI  - [Sensitivity of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria to chemotherapeutic
      preparations].

PMID- 3367573
TI  - [Clinical and immunological sequelae of the preventive use of antibiotics].

PMID- 3367574
TI  - [Effect of electromagnetic radiation with low intensity millimeter range on the
      course of wound healing].

PMID- 3367575
TI  - [Effect of activated carbon and sodium mefenaminate on the course of experimental
      wound healing].

PMID- 3367576
TI  - [Mechanism of increasing the absorptive capacity of the peritoneum by low
      frequency ultrasonics].

PMID- 3367577
TI  - [Effect of rapid cooling on the viability of rats in the terminal stage of
      hemorrhagic shock].

PMID- 3367578
TI  - [Complex treatment of severe forms of functional insufficiency of the digestive
      tract in the early postoperative period].

PMID- 3367579
TI  - [Evaluation of the causes of wound infection after appendectomy].

PMID- 3367580
TI  - [Use of porcine spleen in the complex treatment of patients with suppurative
      surgical infection].

PMID- 3367581
TI  - [Treatment of patients with acute mastitis].

PMID- 3367582
TI  - [An aspiration method of treatment of suppurative lactation mastitis].

PMID- 3367583
TI  - [Phototherapy of suppurative wounds of soft tissues].

PMID- 3367584
TI  - [Active surgical treatment of acute suppurative diseases using Fubomin, a
      multicomponent antiseptic solution].

PMID- 3367585
TI  - [Treatment of complicated forms of paronychia using decamethoxine].

PMID- 3367586
TI  - [Prevention of suppurative complications of surgical wounds at a polyclinic].

PMID- 3367587
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the severity of the course of acute diffuse
      peritonitis in experimental and clinical studies].

PMID- 3367588
TI  - [Indicators of pH-metry in suppurative-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues].

PMID- 3367589
TI  - [Regional cryotherapy in ambulatory practice].

PMID- 3367590
TI  - [Emergency relaparotomy in patients with postoperative peritonitis].

PMID- 3367591
TI  - [Late results of the surgical treatment of complicated forms of colorectal
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3367592
TI  - [Acute abdominal diseases mistakenly diagnosed as incarcerated inguinal hernia].

PMID- 3367593
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the severity of sepsis].

PMID- 3367594
TI  - [Choledochoduodenal anastomosis or papillosphincterotomy--indications and
      criteria].

PMID- 3367596
TI  - [Small intestine tumors-- diagnosis, treatment and results].

PMID- 3367597
TI  - [Determination of the severity of acute disease in patients under intensive
      care].

PMID- 3367599
TI  - [Case of renal aplasia and tumor in the adjacent ureter].

PMID- 3367598
TI  - [Microcarcinoma of the thyroid--its morphological and biological characteristics
      and surgical treatment].

PMID- 3367595
TI  - [Microsurgical treatment of male sterility].

PMID- 3367600
TI  - [Case of bilateral urinary-cast nephrolithiasis treated by combined surgical
      methods].

PMID- 3367601
TI  - [Case of pseudomyxoma peritonei].

PMID- 3367602
TI  - [Solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver combined with chronic calculous
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 3367603
TI  - [Case observation of cystic transformation of the hepatocholedochus].

PMID- 3367604
TI  - [Acute postoperative cholecystitis (a case report)].

PMID- 3367605
TI  - [Carcinoid of the cecum diagnosed following the histological study of liver
      metastases discovered during surgery for acute calculous cholecystitis].

PMID- 3367606
TI  - [Emergency endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in patients with acute biliary
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 3367607
TI  - [Indications and technic for Whitehead's operation in hemorrhoidectomy].

PMID- 3367608
TI  - Two new cases of thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome: clinical, genetic
      and nosologic features.
AB  - Two unrelated children affected by TAR syndrome, autosomic recessive disease with
      congenital thrombocytopenia and bilateral radial aplasia, are described. In the
      first case a mild thrombocytopenia has been compatible with a fairly normal life
      until the second year of age. The other child shows radial aplasia associated
      with other anomalies of the upper limbs, severe thrombocytopenia and leukemoid
      reaction. The relationship among TAR syndrome, Fanconi's anemia and Roberts'
      syndrome are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3367610
TI  - [Peritonitis and infection in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome].
AB  - We analyzed episodes of peritonitis and/or sepsis associated with the idiopathic
      nephrotic syndrome (ns) in 23 children treated between 1975 and 1985 at our
      clinic. 37.5% of the children with infantile ns, 16% of those with
      steroidsensible ns, and 13.6% of those with steroidresistant ns developed
      peritonitis. Children with infantile ns and one girl with gram-negative secondary
      peritonitis presented with sepsis. 3 septic children died. Four patients
      developed peritonitis secondary to intestinal perforation. The most common
      bacterial pathogen in primary peritonitis was S. pneumoniae (7 patients). 7 cases
      were culture-negative. All episodes of peritonitis coincided with an active
      nephrotic syndrome: in more than half of the patients therapy with
      corticosteroids had already been started. Eight patients underwent surgical
      exploration for presumed appendicitis, but none was confirmed by histological
      examination of the appendix. In 2 instances S. pneumoniae was cultured from
      ascitic fluid. Prophylactic polyvalent pneumococcal vaccination and early start
      of corticotherapy during the acute illness of ns is warranted.

PMID- 3367611
TI  - [Acute multifocal gastric hemorrhage in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the upper
      digestive tract in a 7-year-old female].
AB  - The acute gastric bleeding of children out of multifocal ulcers is an unusual
      leading symptom of systemic malignancy. Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract
      in children mostly are localized in the ileocoecal region and seldom in the
      stomach. The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - only sporadically seen in childhood -
      is the first differential diagnosis. Therapy of acute ulcer bleeding consists of
      oversewing and medical prophylaxis of relapse and covers the directions of
      therapy of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Specific therapy of malignant lymphomas
      including polychemotherapy and radiation isn't possible before end of wound
      healing.

PMID- 3367609
TI  - [Clinical relevance of the tracheal bronchus].
AB  - We report about 6 infants with serious respiratory disease who revealed a
      tracheal bronchus on bronchoscopic or bronchographic examination. In two of these
      children this finding seemed to be the main problem; it could be cured by
      surgical or conservative therapy. The course of the further 4 children's disease
      was determined by additional serious malformations (Oesophageal atresia,
      congenital heart disease, anomalies of the pulmonary arteries). In these cases,
      the tracheal bronchus did not influence the clinical course significantly.

PMID- 3367613
TI  - [Integrated measurement of central venous pressure in pediatric intensive care
      medicine].
AB  - In 17 infants and children we compared the results of CVP-measurement by a)
      mechano-electrical method and b) so called integrated method (IVAC 565). There
      was found a good correlation. Infusion rate, lavel of the CVP, and kind of
      solution had no influence on the results.

PMID- 3367612
TI  - [Acute apparently life threatening events in 62 infants: anamnestic and clinical
      data].
AB  - Among 62 infants admitted to our hospital after an acute and apparently
      threatening event which according to the parents required active intervention
      either by tactile stimulation, or shaking or mouth to mouth ventilation were 21
      previously preterm babies, 12 of whom with additional perinatal risk factors, and
      41 fullterm infants, 3 of them being subsequent siblings of a SIDS victim. More
      than 80% of the ALTEs occurred during presumed sleep while the remaining 20% were
      observed during wakefullness, mostly during or shortly after feeding. The
      majority was said to be found pale or blue, floppy and mostly unreactive. The
      parents or caretakers, however, were unable to give reliable information
      concerning the type of breathing i.e. whether the infants were apneic or not. On
      admission, 71% of the pre- and 63% of the fullterms showed abnormal signs and
      symptoms. A total of 14 infants had symptoms of respiratory tract infections,
      involving the lungs in only 6 cases. An other 10 infants developed moderate
      enteritis after admission only; 8 of them had stool cultures positive for
      rotavirus antigen. On the basis of the anamnestic and clinical data including the
      results of the diagnostic work-up in 14 (34%) of the fullterm and 3 (14%) of the
      preterm infants a so far unrecognized disorder was diagnosed which in many cases
      gave access to a specific therapy. If the cases of infections - not including
      those with only mild respiratory tract involvement often found in cases of SIDs
      or near miss SIDS - are included in this group their number increased to 27
      (43,5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367614
TI  - [Congenital hyperthyroidism caused by diaplacental exchange of thyrotropin
      receptor antibodies].
AB  - We describe the case of a premature baby, extremely small for date whose mother
      had an untreated hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. Severe symptoms of connatal
      hyperthyroidism appeared after a latency period of seven days. As the underlying
      cause we suggest the placental transmission of thyrotropin-receptor-antibodies
      (TRAb), which were elevated in the mother and the newborn. Main symptoms in the
      newborn were tachycardia, tachypnea, sweating and diarrhea.

PMID- 3367615
TI  - Effect of human recombinant erythropoietin on human hemopoietic progenitor cells
      in vitro.
AB  - Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo), now available, might become
      increasingly more important for clinical use, e.g., in the treatment of anemia of
      chronic renal failure. As a prerequisite of clinical trials, we analyzed the
      stimulatory and suppressive effects of rhEpo on human hemopoiesis by adding rhEpo
      to in vitro cultures of nonadherent low-density bone marrow cells obtained from
      normal persons and from patients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal
      failure. rhEpo was shown to be an effective stimulus for erythroid and
      multilineage colony formation. The dose-response curve was similar for erythroid
      progenitors BFU-E from normal controls and patients with chronic renal failure.
      rhEpo had no effect on megakaryocytic colony formation nor on the megakaryocytic
      differentiation of multilineage stem cells. Because of a good stimulatory
      activity on erythroid and multilineage stem cells and lack of toxic effects,
      rhEpo might be useful in the treatment of certain kinds of anemia.

PMID- 3367616
TI  - Evaluation of the stability of human erythropoietin in samples for
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays for erythropoietin are limited so far to a few specialized
      laboratories and this requires transport and storage of samples. We therefore
      tested the stability of immunoreactive erythropoietin in serum and plasma samples
      obtained from a uremic and a nonuremic anemic patient. No significant change in
      the concentration of immunoreactive erythropoietin was found in either serum or
      plasma samples for up to 14 days of storage. This type of stability was observed
      no matter whether the samples were stored at room temperature, 4 degrees C, or 
      20 degrees C. There was no difference between the estimates of erythropoietin in
      serum and heparinized plasma. Validity of the radioimmunoassay used in this study
      was demonstrated by parallelism of dilution curves of test specimens and the 2nd
      International Reference Preparation for erythropoietin and by a close correlation
      between the immunoreactivity and the bioactivity of the hormone, as assessed in
      the same samples by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse bioassay. In conclusion the
      data obtained clearly indicate that the necessity of storage and transport of
      clinical samples does not limit the practicability of the radioimmunoassay for
      erythropoietin.

PMID- 3367617
TI  - Steady-state kinetics of bezafibrate retard in hyperlipidemic geriatric patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of a slow-release formulation of bezafibrate were
      investigated under steady-state conditions in 19 hyperlipidemic patients between
      the age of 61 and 87 years and compared to the kinetics in 20 healthy volunteers
      (age 19-42 years). Maximum serum levels were 1.6-fold higher in the elderly,
      which was partly due to a diminished renal clearance caused by the reduction in
      renal function (CLCR 23-81 ml/min) and partly due to a decrease in extrarenal
      clearance (probably hydroxylation and hydrolysis). Evidence for the additional
      decrease in extrarenal clearance was provided by the greater decline in total
      drug clearance than would be anticipated from a mere reduction in glomerular
      filtration. Thus, dose adjustment of slow-release bezafibrate in elderly patients
      cannot be based merely on creatinine clearance. In general, it is recommended
      that bezafibrate retard is substituted by a reduced dose of normal-release
      bezafibrate below a creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min.

PMID- 3367619
TI  - "Bowenoid" leukoplakia in the anal region.
AB  - A case of "bowenoid" leukoplakia in the anal region of a 31-year-old woman is
      presented to our knowledge for the first time in the literature. Clinically the
      lesion appeared as a "simple" leukoplakia. Although excision of the lesion was
      performed as histologically shown in toto, three recurrences followed. Both
      retinoid therapy and local treatment with 5-fluorouracil were unsuccessful,
      whereas radiation therapy apparently cured the patient.

PMID- 3367618
TI  - [Cold agglutinin disease--initial description in erythroblastosis and
      polycythemia vera].
AB  - The cold agglutinin disease is a hemolytic anemia induced by antibodies. Beside
      other etiological factors the disease is associated with tumors. In this paper
      cold agglutinin disease combined with erythroblastosis and combined with
      polycythemia vera is presented at the first time. In one case malignant
      proliferation followed the appearance of cold agglutinin antibodies. Blood
      transfusion, plasmapheresis, corticosteroids and chlorambucil were not
      successful. In the other case antibodies were temporarily expressed after a long
      time of malignant proliferation. Blood transfusion and corticoids were
      sufficient. Production of antibodies as a kind of tumor defence is discussed as
      reason for hemolysis. "Cross reacting antigenity" between normal and malignant
      erythrocytes is postulated.

PMID- 3367620
TI  - Screening mutant mice for inborn errors of metabolism.
AB  - We described our methods of screening mice for inborn errors of metabolism
      including metabolic storage diseases, disorders of amino acid metabolism, and
      organic acidemias. Our screening program consisted of histopathology,
      quantitative serum amino acid analysis, and urinary organic acid analysis. In
      this preliminary study, we tested mice representing 28 different mutations whose
      clinical signs suggested a possible metabolic disorder. We documented the normal
      values for mouse serum amino acids and urinary organic acids. No mutant tested
      had relevant or consistent biochemical abnormalities as determined by our
      screening tests. Some mutants showed histopathology as described previously.
      However, we were unable to confirm the histopathology described originally for
      the shambling mutant.

PMID- 3367621
TI  - Unusual lesion morphology and skin test reaction for Mycobacterium avium complex
      in macaques.
AB  - Three rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and one cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) monkey were
      euthanized because of positive reactions to intradermal tests with mammalian Old
      Tuberculin (mOT). All the animals had gross or microscopic lesions consisting of
      unitized macro- or microgranulomas with central necrosis, involving the lung or
      mesenteric lymph nodes. Small numbers of acid fast organisms were demonstrated in
      the lesions. Mycobacterium avium complex, serotype 2 was isolated from three of
      the cases. The cases were unusual because the lesion morphology and mOT
      hypersensitivity were more typical of mammalian tuberculosis than avian
      tuberculosis in monkeys.

PMID- 3367624
TI  - Hemodynamic basis of renal arteriosclerosis in young greyhounds.
AB  - Renal arteriosclerosis occurs with unusually high frequency in young race-trained
      greyhounds. Light and electron microscopic studies were used to examine the
      arterial walls of renal vessels in six greyhounds. Lesions characteristic of
      mechanical forces, namely pressure and shear stresses, were found consistently on
      the endothelial surfaces of damaged vessels. Such damage was found in both the
      main renal vessel and its branches. Although the patterns of endothelial damage
      showed quantitative differences among individuals, the qualitative features were
      remarkably similar in the group. Quantitatively, fibrous plaques were greatest in
      narrow and curved portions of renal vessels. The plaques were found on the outer
      luminal surface of the bend and the bifurcation segments, but were absent on the
      flow dividers. Hemodynamic forces appear to play an important role in the
      pathogenesis of renal fibrous plaques. Renal arteriosclerosis in greyhounds
      provides an excellent model for the study of pressure pulse velocity and shear
      stress damage under various physiological conditions.

PMID- 3367623
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate in
      sheep.
AB  - The cardiopulmonary, sedative and analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and
      nalbuphine hydrochloride were evaluated in six adult crossbred Dorset sheep (Ovis
      aries). The animals were divided randomly into two groups of three. The first
      group received butorphanol tartrate (0.5mg/Kg s.c.) followed in 3 days by
      nalbuphine hydrochloride (1 mg/Kg, s.c.). The second group received nalbuphine
      followed in 3 days by butorphanol. Cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated at
      baseline (once the animal had accommodated to restraint); immediately following
      analgesic administration; and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after analgesic
      administration. No significant changes (alpha greater than .05) from baseline
      were seen in any of the measured cardiopulmonary parameters from either the
      butorphanol or nalbuphine groups. Butorphanol produced the most dramatic
      analgesic and sedative effects with onset of both within 15 minutes of
      administration and peak effects occurring 30 minutes post injection. The degree
      of analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes while the sedative effect returned to
      near baseline by 90 minutes. The nalbuphine group also showed an onset of
      analgesia 15 minutes post injection reaching a peak effect after 30 minutes.
      However, onset of sedation occurred 30 minutes post injection achieving a peak
      effect at 60 minutes which was markedly less than that of butorphanol. As in the
      butorphanol group, analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes.

PMID- 3367622
TI  - An evaluation of analgesia associated with the immobility response in laboratory
      rabbits.
AB  - The immobility response (IR) was studied in rabbits to evaluate its analgesic
      properties and reliability as a method of restraint. The participation of the
      endogenous opioid system in IR was studied indirectly by evaluating the effects
      of the narcotic antagonist naloxone on this phenomenon. Twenty-four adult New
      Zealand White rabbits were subjected to six noxious stimuli while restrained by
      IR and while restrained under control conditions. Testing on each animal was
      repeated under both conditions following the administration of naloxone. The
      noxious stimuli consisted of three levels of electric shock (10 volts, 30 volts,
      and 50 volts) applied to the shaved forearm, and mechanical pressure applied to
      the pinna, front toe, and hind toe. Withdrawal and changes in blood pressure,
      heart rate, and respiration were used as indicators of pain perception. Distress
      associated with noxious electrical and pressure stimulation was significantly
      reduced by IR, which suggested that the phenomenon does have a significant
      analgesic component. However, the rabbits showed wide variability in their
      susceptibility to IR induction, and even animals which did not withdraw in
      response to noxious stimulation under IR sometimes exhibited physiological
      changes suggestive of distress. Therefore, IR should not be considered as a
      reliable or humane alternative to analgesic/anesthetic drugs for laboratory
      rabbits. Naloxone had little effect on IR or IR-associated analgesia.

PMID- 3367625
TI  - A method for in vivo quantitation of leukocyte chemotaxis in the domestic cat and
      mouse.
AB  - A method was developed for biological quantitation of leukocyte chemotaxis in
      cats and mice. The technique shows potential application in both research and
      clinical aspects of comparative medicine in a wide range of animal species. A
      standard reference range of neutrophil chemotactic values is presented for normal
      domestic cats and C57BL/6N mice.

PMID- 3367627
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: macaque with dyspnea.

PMID- 3367626
TI  - Experimental nasal dermatitis in the Mongolian gerbil: effect of bilateral
      harderian gland adenectomy on development of facial lesions.
AB  - Two groups of adult Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) of mixed ages and
      sex were used to study the effect of bilateral Harderian gland adenectomy on
      development of nasal dermatitis. One group of gerbils underwent bilateral
      Harderian gland adenectomies, while the other group underwent sham surgeries,
      leaving the Harderian gland intact. All animals in both groups were fitted with
      Elizabethian collars to prevent self-grooming, allowing a buildup of nasolacrimal
      or Harderian gland secretions near the medial canthus of the eye and at the
      external nares. Twenty-six of 27 animals with intact Harderian glands developed
      nasal and facial lesions within 20 days. None of the 27 Harderian gland
      adenectomized animals developed nasal or facial lesions. Apparently, accumulation
      of Harderian gland secretions is involved in the pathogenesis of nasal dermatitis
      in the Mongolian gerbil.

PMID- 3367628
TI  - Cervical lymphoblastic lymphoma in an aged guinea pig.

PMID- 3367629
TI  - Cutaneous Mycobacterium avium infection in a cynomolgus monkey.

PMID- 3367630
TI  - Vaginal biopsy in long-term toxicity studies of beagle dogs.

PMID- 3367631
TI  - A simple technique for chronic jugular catheterization in ferrets.

PMID- 3367634
TI  - The use of glucose oxidase reagent strips to determine the metabolic status of
      diabetic animals.

PMID- 3367633
TI  - A flexible T-cannula for ileal cannulation of 10 to 20 kg pigs.

PMID- 3367632
TI  - A technique for the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from mice.

PMID- 3367635
TI  - Basis of neurovirulence in Sindbis virus encephalomyelitis of mice.
AB  - Neuroadapted Sindbis virus (NSV) was selected by serial passage of wild-type
      Sindbis virus (SV) in mouse brain. After intracerebral inoculation of weanling
      mice, NSV causes a severe encephalomyelitis with hindlimb paralysis and high
      mortality; SV causes nonfatal mild disease. In order to determine the biologic
      basis of neurovirulence in vivo, these viral infections have been compared by
      using infectivity assays, light and electron microscopy, in situ hybridization,
      immunohistochemistry, and double-labeling for neural cell markers and viral RNA.
      More infectious virus is present in the central nervous system during NSV than
      during SV infection. After intracerebral inoculation, both viruses enter the
      central nervous system via the ependyma and spread to gray matter areas,
      including the ventral horns of the spinal cord. Their cellular targets are not
      different, and neuronal infection is prominent. NSV infects more neurons, and
      causes more severe injury than SV. In NSV infection, there is marked swelling of
      lumbar and thoracic neurons and their processes in the ventral horns. Relatively
      mild changes are detected in SV infection only by electron microscopy.
      Neuroadaptation likely occurs by increasing the efficiency of viral replication
      in neurons, rather than by a fundamental change in the cellular tropism or the
      topography of the infection in the central nervous system.

PMID- 3367636
TI  - An evaluation of the role of complement depletion in experimental membranous
      nephropathy in the rat.
AB  - Passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a model of experimental membranous nephropathy
      produced by the administration of anti-Fx1A antibody, was studied by
      micropuncture measurement of glomerular hemodynamics and by assessment of
      immunologic and morphologic findings. The effect of complement depletion on these
      parameters was evaluated by administering cobra venom factor. Five days after
      administration of anti-Fx1A Ab to PHN controls, abnormal proteinuria developed
      and nephron filtration rate decreased due to modest reductions in nephron plasma
      flow and major reductions (75%) in the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient.
      Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient was significantly increased
      and decreased tubular reabsorption was also evident. Complement depletion
      prevented abnormal proteinuria and normalized tubular reabsorption and some of
      the glomerular hemodynamic parameters (nephron plasma flow and glomerular
      capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient). Values for the glomerular
      ultrafiltration coefficient, a possible index of membrane damage, were
      significantly improved (100%) after cobra venom factor treatment, although they
      remained below normal values. Only minimal differences in glomerular and
      epithelial cell morphology and appearance of electron-dense material were noted
      between PHN and PHN + cobra venom factor. These data suggest therefore that both
      complement-dependent and independent mechanisms contribute to explain the changes
      in nephron filtration and reabsorption that occur in this model of experimental
      membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 3367637
TI  - Axial heterogeneity in the handling of albumin by the rabbit proximal tubule.
AB  - Morphologic and physiologic studies have established that filtered proteins are
      absorbed in the proximal tubule by endocytosis and transported to the lysosomes
      for degradation. The tubular absorption, hydrolysis and accumulation of albumin
      were examined in all three segments of the rabbit proximal tubule. S1, S2 and S3
      segments were dissected and perfused in vitro with tritiated albumin at a
      physiologic concentration of 0.0364 mg/ml, and with [14C]inulin to determine
      fluid reabsorption. In addition, the three segments were fixed for
      ultrastructural examination after perfusion under conditions similar to those in
      the physiologic studies. The fluid reabsorption was similar in S1 and S2 but
      lower in S3. Albumin absorption was unexpectedly similar in the three segments. A
      lower percentage of absorbed albumin was hydrolyzed in the S3 segment compared
      with the earlier segments. The values were 70 +/- 15%, 61 +/- 11%, and 30 +/- 4%
      for S1, S2, and S3, respectively. The cellular accumulation of protein was
      highest in the S3 segment. The ultrastructure of the three segments was similar
      to that described in in vivo preserved kidneys, and no abnormalities were
      observed in the endocytic-lysosomal compartment. These results reveal axial
      heterogeneity in the hydrolysis of absorbed albumin by the rabbit proximal tubule
      and suggest that under normal physiologic conditions the S3 segment has a lower
      lysosomal proteolytic activity. Although the S3 segment maintains a high capacity
      for protein absorption, the earlier proximal segments likely have a greater role
      in protein degradation.

PMID- 3367639
TI  - Correlation of mammary gland carcinogens in rodents and humans.

PMID- 3367638
TI  - An ultrastructural and experimental study on the development of tubular
      structures in the lysosomes of Gaucher cells.
AB  - Characteristic storage inclusions of Gaucher cells contain numerous tubular
      structures and are demonstrated enzyme-cytochemically to be transformed secondary
      lysosomes. Tubular structures are composed mainly of twisted multilayers and
      partially of flat layers with or without twisting. Glucocerebroside extracted and
      purified biochemically from the Gaucher spleen resembles these flat layers.
      Therefore, the flat layers are considered to be a fundamental fine structural
      unit of the tubular structures made by crystallization of glucocerebroside
      molecules. The tubular structures are observed by electron microscopy to be
      formed in the digestive process of blood cells, especially erythrocytes, in the
      lysosomes of Gaucher cells. In one culture experiment, monocytes obtained from
      Gaucher patients developed tubular structures in the phagolysosomes after
      ingesting heat-denatured erythrocytes and became Gaucher cells. In the other
      culture experiment, monocytes were also transformed into Gaucher cells by taking
      up tubular structures added to the culture medium. Thus, both the intralysosomal
      formation of tubular structures in the macrophages and their ingestion of
      extracellular tubular structures released from other Gaucher cells seem essential
      for the development of Gaucher cells.

PMID- 3367640
TI  - AIDS: what you and your friends need to know--a lesson plan for adolescents.
AB  - The AIDS knowledge and attitudes of students attending an urban high school in
      Seattle were pretested. Subsequently, a 50-minute AIDS lesson plan was designed
      using the findings. Instruction occurred one month following the pretest, with a
      posttest administered one week after instruction. Significant increases in
      knowledge about AIDS, and parallel changes in tolerant and compassionate beliefs
      about people with AIDS were observed. Learning outcomes were retained at
      retesting eight weeks after instruction. Prior to receiving the AIDS lesion, 34%
      of students listed schools as their source of learning about AIDS. Schools became
      the major source of learning (82%) after one hour of instruction.

PMID- 3367642
TI  - Motivations and strategies for quitting and preventing tobacco and alcohol use.

PMID- 3367641
TI  - AIDS and adolescents: school health education must begin now.

PMID- 3367643
TI  - Children's perspectives on diabetes.

PMID- 3367644
TI  - Death anxiety in Malaysian and Australian university students.

PMID- 3367645
TI  - Similarity of type A behavior in adolescents and their parents.

PMID- 3367646
TI  - Validation of the I.T50 method for assessing neuronal responsiveness to
      microiontophoretic applications: a single-cell recording study.
AB  - The I.T50 method consists of determining the charge required to obtain a 50%
      depression of firing activity of neurons recorded extracellularly with
      microiontophoretic applications of inhibitory agents. This method has been used
      successfully to detect modification of neuronal responsiveness, but the limits of
      its validity had never been determined. In the present study, it was found that
      the use of microiontophoretic currents greater than 3 nA yielded consistent I.T50
      values when serotonin (5-HT) was applied to rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
      The departure from linearity of I.T50 values measured from applications carried
      out with a very low current (0.5 nA) of 5-HT is probably due to the relatively
      important contribution of the leak when a minimal ejecting current is used. The
      responsiveness to 5-HT was not altered by the activation of the recorded neuron
      produced by acetylcholine.

PMID- 3367647
TI  - A semiiterative method for derivation of concentration-response parameters.
AB  - A method for the analysis of concentration-response curves is described. The
      parameters of these curves, namely, maximal response, apparent affinity, and
      slope factor, are calculated by means of a semiiterative approach using a
      microcomputer. Considerably less computer processing time is required than with
      other iterative nonlinear curve fitting methods. The method is particularly
      helpful in cases in which accurate observation of maximal response is limited.

PMID- 3367648
TI  - Simple pA2 estimation of partial agonists: comparison with the Kaumann-Blinks
      method.
AB  - Estimation of KB and pA2 of partial agonists as antagonists of full agonists is
      hindered by their stimulant component of action. This reflects competitive
      synergism, i.e., an additive interaction with a full agonist. The antagonistic
      component of a partial agonist is seen as a parallel shift of the agonist curve
      to the right from a constructed additive dose-response curve, from which a dose
      ratio (DR) was determined for calculation of graphic estimation of KB or pA2 of
      partial agonists. Dose-response curves from eight studies were analyzed in this
      way, in comparison with the method of Kaumann and Blinks, and showed excellent
      agreement between pA2 values determined by either method (r = 0.994, slope =
      0.999, n = 17).

PMID- 3367649
TI  - New method for recording cystometrograms in conscious, freely moving rats.
AB  - A new cystometric technique has been developed that is suitable for quantitative
      studies on physiopharmacology of micturition in conscious, freely moving rats.
      The method involves the transvesical infusion of warm saline at various filling
      rates through a catheter chronically implanted into the bladder dome. The various
      parameters of the collecting and voiding phase of the cystometrogram were
      recorded. Results obtained indicate that characteristics of the bladder voiding
      cycle of conscious, freely moving rats are qualitatively similar but
      quantitatively different from those described previously in anesthetized animals.

PMID- 3367650
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for fluphenazine sulfoxide in human plasma.
AB  - Antisera to fluphenazine sulfoxide were raised in New Zealand white rabbits to an
      immunogen synthesized by covalent linkage of bovine serum albumin to 10-[[3-[4-(4
      carboxybutyl)-1-piperazinyl] propyl]]-2-trifluoromethyl-10H-phenothiazine 5
      sulfoxide. With use of an antiserum, a radioimmunoassay for fluphenazine
      sulfoxide was developed that is able to quantitate 0.156 ng ml-1 using only a 200
      microliter plasma sample with a coefficient of variation less than 5%. The
      antiserum had negligible cross-reactivities to fluphenazine (less than 1%) and
      its important metabolites, such as fluphenazine N4'-oxide (1%), 7
      hydroxyfluphenazine (less than 1%), and N4'-deshydroxy-ethylfluphenazine (1%).
      The cross-reactivities with structurally similar phenothiazine 5-sulfoxides, such
      as those of trifluoperazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine, and N4'
      deshydroxyethylfluphenazine, were considerable, such that the antiserum can be
      used to develop a quantitative radioimmunoassay for any of these compounds. The
      reported radioimmunoassay was found to be suitable and adequate to quantitate
      fluphenazine sulfoxide in the plasma of patients treated with oral or
      intramuscular fluphenazine.

PMID- 3367651
TI  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for reduced and oxidised
      glutathione in embryonic, neonatal, and adult tissues using a porous graphite
      electrochemical detector.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay employing a porous
      graphite electrochemical (EC) detector is described for the simultaneous
      quantification of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in
      embryonic, neonatal, and adult tissues. Samples were prepared by homogenization
      in 5% trichloracetic acid, centrifugation, filtration of the supernatant, and
      injection into the HPLC. Separation was achieved isocratically within 16 min on a
      15 cm reversed-phase C18 analytical column with a particle size of 5 micron using
      an inexpensive mobile phase containing 2-propanol and water (2.8:100) with
      camphorsulfonic acid and phosphoric acid. The respective limits of detection for
      GSH and GSSG were 1.5 and 3 ng with a 6 microliter sample using a 3:1 signal to
      noise ratio. In addition to routine samples, the assay was sufficiently sensitive
      to detect picomole quantities of GSH and GSSG in small samples, such as a single
      mouse embryo, gestational day 9, weighing approximately 1 mg. The advantages and
      disadvantages of the method are compared with other assays for GSH and GSSG
      published in the literature.

PMID- 3367652
TI  - Isolation and identification of platelet-activating factor in UV-irradiated
      guinea pig skin.
AB  - Platelet activating factor (PAF) neutrophils, platelets, macrophages, endothelial
      cells, and isolated tissue preparations. In the present study, we have isolated
      and identified PAF in the skin of guinea pigs undergoing irradiation by UV light.

PMID- 3367653
TI  - N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced and spontaneous AKR/J thymic lymphomas express
      distinct differentiation antigen phenotypes.
AB  - Spontaneous and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced AKR/J thymic lymphomas were
      characterized for expression of several lymphocyte differentiation antigens. The
      majority (53%) of spontaneous lymphomas expressed both Lyt-2 and L3T4 antigens,
      similar to the predominant normal thymocyte subset. In contrast, 63% of the
      thymic lymphomas induced by the chemical carcinogen MNU, expressed an Lyt-2+ L3T4
      antigenic profile. Although this profile suggested that MNU-induced lymphomas
      are phenotypically similar to a mature thymocyte subset, the presence of ThB
      antigen on Lyt-2+ L3T4- lymphomas did not support this notion. Diagonal gel
      electrophoresis of 125I-labeled membrane extracts and immunoprecipitates revealed
      that 17 of 29 Lyt-2+ L3T4-MNU-induced lymphomas expressed cell surface T-cell
      receptor heterodimer components. Northern blot analyses confirmed that the T-cell
      receptor material was composed of alpha and beta polypeptide chains. The results
      from this study indicate a distinct origin or differentiation potential of the
      target cells involved in viral and chemical induced lymphomagenesis of AKR/J
      mice.

PMID- 3367654
TI  - Cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma.
AB  - Twenty-six bone marrow samples from 21 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma were
      examined cytogenetically after short-term culture. Clonal chromosomal changes
      were detected in one of 18 samples from morphologically normal marrows, and in
      three out of six samples with verified tumor invasion. Three patients had the
      translocation (8;14)(q24;q32) and one had t(2;8)(p12;q24). Two samples with
      suspect tumor involvement (less than 5% putative tumor cells) showed no clonal
      abnormalities. In two samples without morphologic bone marrow infiltration and
      with only normal metaphases in short-term cultures, clones with t(8;14)(q24;q32)
      were revealed after a longer time (3-12 weeks) spent in vitro.

PMID- 3367655
TI  - Electron microscopic visualization of fluorescent microspheres used as a neuronal
      tracer.
AB  - A method is described to visualize rhodamine-labelled microspheres (RLM) at the
      electron microscopic level using potassium permanganate for negative contrast.
      Retrogradely labelled nerve cells in the thalamus of the rat and in tissue
      culture are examined. In addition, it is demonstrated that single beads as small
      as 50 nm in diameter can be identified with the fluorescent microscope.

PMID- 3367656
TI  - Estimation of the numerical density of synapses in rat neocortex. Comparison of
      the 'disector' with an 'unfolding' method.
AB  - The numerical density of synapses in the molecular layer of the parietal cortex
      of normal 28-day-old rats has been estimated by using two stereological methods,
      namely an unfolding technique and the disector method. For the unfolding
      technique it was assumed that the synapses formed a polydispersed population of
      disc-shaped particles. The technique also relies upon various assumptions
      regarding the size, shape and projection of synapses in the plane of section,
      these assumptions producing a result that is biased to an unknown extent. Such
      simplifying assumptions are unnecessary for the disector method. The mean +/-
      S.E.M. numerical density of synapses was found to be 2.16 +/- 0.14 x 10(9)/mm3
      using the disector method. This was not significantly different (paired t-test; P
      less than 0.05) from the value of 2.41 +/- 0.22 x 10(9)/mm3 obtained using the
      unfolding technique with correction for truncation ('lost caps'). When the
      unfolding method was used without a correction for lost caps the numerical
      density was 1.98 +/- 0.10 x 10(9)/mm3, a value also not significantly different
      from that obtained using the disector method. The mean projected height (Hs) of
      the synaptic particles was also determined using both procedures; the results
      were not significantly different. When the variances of the final estimates and
      the time taken to carry out the procedures described were taken into account, it
      was estimated that the disector method was about 86% more efficient than the
      unfolding method with capping correction. Although the unfolding method can give
      essentially similar values for the numerical density of synapses to those
      obtained by the disector method, it is biased and much less efficient. It is
      concluded, therefore, that the disector method is the superior method for the
      estimation of the number and size of particles such as synapses, particularly
      when they have complex spatial configurations.

PMID- 3367657
TI  - A model for quantitation of peritumoral brain edema.
AB  - A model system is described which is suitable for quantitation of peritumoral
      brain edema. The temporal development of peritumoral brain edema in dexamethasone
      treated rabbits and untreated controls was evaluated following the implantation
      of VX2 carcinoma cells into the frontal lobe of New Zealand White rabbits. A
      colorimetric assay of Evans blue (EB) extravasation was used to quantitate edema.
      Animals receiving a sham tumor injection contained an equal amount of EB compared
      to control animals. Dexamethasone was found to significantly reduce the
      extravasation of EB in rabbits with VX2 brain tumors and to delay the onset of
      neurologic deficits. These results are consistent with events occurring in
      patients with brain tumors. Studies of new drugs or physiologic aspects of
      peritumoral edema can be conducted with this model system.

PMID- 3367658
TI  - Validation of a neocortical slice preparation for the study of epileptiform
      activity.
AB  - A simple slice chamber was designed to achieve easy manipulations of temperature,
      ionic composition and drug concentrations. Spontaneous and evoked extracellular
      potentials could be recorded with glass microelectrodes from 500 micron thick
      slices of rat frontal neocortex. In the absence of magnesium ions in the
      superfusing medium or in the presence of convulsant agents, epileptiform activity
      was seen. The amplitude of this activity was greatest in layer II/III, each burst
      consisting of a long-lasting negative potential on the decay phase of which were
      superimposed many afterpotentials. There were multiple foci from which
      spontaneous epileptiform bursts spread to other ipsi- and contralateral parts of
      the cortex via both the grey and white matter. Although such bursts were observed
      between 23 and 37 degrees C, optimal recording of discrete epileptiform activity
      was achieved at 29 +/- 1 degrees C. Decreasing extracellular calcium or
      increasing extracellular concentrations of potassium enhanced burst discharges.
      Proconvulsant agents initiated both interictal and ictal epileptiform events.
      This, together with the reduction of epileptiform activity by standard
      anticonvulsant drugs such as carbamazepine and phenobarbitone suggested that this
      in vitro model may be useful for studying the pharmacology of epileptogenesis and
      for developing new therapeutic strategies for epilepsy.

PMID- 3367659
TI  - A diencephalic slice preparation and chamber for studying neuronal
      thermosensitivity.
AB  - An in vitro slice preparation and electrophysiological recording chamber for
      studying neuronal thermosensitivity throughout the hypothalamus are described. A
      series of eight, 300 microns thick, horizontal tissue slices encompassing most of
      the hypothalamus are prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Horizontal slice
      maps showing the major nuclei and fiber tracts are provided. Horizontal tissue
      slices contain many hypothalamic nuclei as well as the medial forebrain bundle, a
      large fiber tract interconnecting these nuclei. Three water-perfused thermodes
      directly beneath the tissue slices are used to produce discrete thermal
      stimulations of rostral, middle, and caudal nuclear regions. Fine thermocouples
      monitor slice temperature over each thermode. Limiting microelectrode
      explorations to regions directly over a thermode eliminates the problems of
      temperature gradients and permits more accurate manipulation of temperature at
      the recording site. While this preparation is ideal for characterizing
      hypothalamic neuronal thermosensitivity, it is also appropriate for
      electrophysiological studies of other hypothalamic functional systems.

PMID- 3367660
TI  - A combined recording and microiontophoresis technique for input-output analysis
      of single neurons in the mammalian CNS.
AB  - A method is described for producing electrolytically sharpened and lacquer
      insulated steel microelectrodes and for their attachment to a multibarrel
      micropipet assembly by light-curing bonding compound. This electrode complex is
      specially designed for recordings from deep brain structures. It permits the
      analysis of the input signals to and the output signals from a single neuron
      recorded simultaneously from an extracellular electrode position, termed
      juxtacellular recording. Furthermore it provides the ability to manipulate
      pharmacologically the input-output ratio expressed by the neuron under varying
      sequences of natural stimulation.

PMID- 3367661
TI  - The preparation and use of antibody microprobes.
AB  - A new method of detecting release of neuropeptides in the central nervous system
      is described. Glass micropipettes are treated with gamma
      aminopropyltriethoxysilane resulting in a fine outer coating of a siloxane
      polymer containing free amino groups. Glutaraldehyde is then used to covalently
      couple protein A which in turn binds antibodies to a particular peptide.
      Following use in the central nervous system, microprobes are incubated in a
      radiolabelled form of the peptide being studied and release is detected on
      autoradiographs as localized zones of inhibition of binding of the labelled
      peptide. The spatial resolution of the method is at least 100 micron. Necessary
      tests of the validity of the technique are also described.

PMID- 3367662
TI  - Two-dimensional jaw tracking and EMG recording system implanted in the freely
      moving rabbit.
AB  - A system for simultaneously recording mandibular position in the sagittal plane
      together with masticatory muscle activity was designed and tested in rabbits. Two
      small magnetic sensors were implanted in the maxillary bone and a powerful magnet
      made of a rare earth metal attached to the mandibular central incisors. The
      magnetic sensors detected the mandibular movements in the sagittal plane by
      movement of the magnet. Masseter EMG was recorded by fine wire electrodes and
      amplified by a specially designed amplifier. The necessary preamplifiers were
      assembled as an integrated circuit (IC) chip in a small housing. The signals from
      the preamplifier were then passed through a signal processing unit and taped on
      an instrumentation tape. The system was applied to the freely moving rabbit
      supplied with food and water during the night. It worked without any trouble for
      more than 24 h. Since the implanted magnetic sensors were stable for more than 4
      months, long-term recording could be done by merely reimplanting the magnet, the
      cables and the EMG electrodes, which was simple.

PMID- 3367663
TI  - The politics of nursing--challenge and change.

PMID- 3367664
TI  - Therapeutic touch: a healing experience.

PMID- 3367665
TI  - Nursing shortage having effect on salaries.

PMID- 3367666
TI  - Interim report: Governor's Task Force to study the crisis in nursing.

PMID- 3367667
TI  - Culture media variation as related to in vitro aging of human fibroblasts: II.
      Effects on nucleolar number/cell, volume/nucleolus and total nucleolar
      volume/cell.
AB  - The relative effect of five commonly used culture media (MEM, BME, McCoy's 5A,
      M199 and HMEM) on the average nucleolar number/cell, the average volume/nucleolus
      and the total nucleolar volume/cell was examined during in vitro senescence of WI
      38 human fetal fibroblasts. Statistical analyses show that cells aging in MEM
      show a higher number of nucleoli/cell than that of cells aging in any other
      medium. For cells aging in the other four media, there are no significant
      differences in the average number of nucleoli/cell. Linear regression analysis
      shows that in all cases there is a linear decrease in the average number of
      nucleoli/cell as a function of PDL. Statistical analyses show that the average
      volume/nucleolus is significantly greater for cells aging in M199 than in any
      other medium. Cells aging in HMEM show smaller average nucleolar volume than
      cells aging in M199, but display larger volumes than that of cells aged in BME,
      McCoy's 5A, or MEM. Cells aging in BME and McCoy's 5A media show no significant
      difference among each other in terms of average nucleolar volume, but a
      difference in this parameter is noted in cells aging in BME and MEM. A linear
      regression analysis shows that the average volume/nucleolus increases linearly as
      a function of age for cells grown in all five media. Analysis of the total
      nucleolar volume/cell in the five media shows that cells aging in M199 and HMEM
      are not significantly different from each other in terms of this variable, but
      show significantly larger volumes than those of cells aging in BME, McCoy's 5A
      and MEM. Cells aging in BME, McCoy's 5A and MEM display no significant difference
      with regard to this parameter. Linear regression analysis shows a positive linear
      relationship between the PDL and the total nucleolar volume/cell. The relative
      effects of all five media are not the same on the three cellular variables
      studied during in vitro aging of WI-38 cells. We, therefore, suggest that one
      should note this medium differential in order to allow meaningful comparison of
      results on possible changes in various morphological parameters during in vitro
      senescence of diploid human fibroblasts.

PMID- 3367668
TI  - Age-related changes in rat hepatic and renal thyroid hormone-sensitive enzymes-
      different responses to acute and chronic L-triiodothyronine stimulation.
AB  - Using young (5-6 weeks) and adult (12-14 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats, the
      responses of hepatic and renal cytosolic malic enzymes (ME) and mitochondrial
      alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), have been assessed following
      acute and chronic L-triiodothyronine (T3) administration. In control (untreated)
      animals a significant reduction of renal ME as well as hepatic and renal alpha
      GPDH activity with increased age were observed but renal ME activity was not age
      related. Following acute T3 stimulation (200 micrograms T3/100 g body wt single
      injection), the levels of hepatic ME and alpha-GPDH as well as renal alpha-GPDH
      but not renal ME remained lower in the adult than in the younger group. After
      chronic T3 stimulation (15 micrograms T3/100 g body wt for 7 days) or 200
      micrograms T3/100 g body wt for 4 days), the enzyme levels remained significantly
      lower in older animals for hepatic ME but were no longer different for hepatic
      and renal alpha-GPDH, while renal ME, which was not altered with age, had values
      that were the same as in the younger group. These studies have demonstrated that
      age-related changes in hepatic and renal T3-sensitive enzymes could not be
      attributed solely to T3 occupancy of nuclear receptor binding sites, but may be
      influenced by other factors depending upon the specific tissues and subcellular
      T3-sensitive enzymes being assessed.

PMID- 3367669
TI  - Changes in protein turnover and growth of the rat lung in response to ageing and
      long-term dietary restriction.
AB  - The wet weight, protein, RNA and DNA contents of the lung were studied during
      normal ageing and chronic dietary restriction. The rate of normal lung growth
      gradually decreased between weaning and old age (105 weeks). However, unlike many
      other body tissues, there was little or no post-natal decline in the fractional
      rates of protein synthesis and breakdown. Dietary intervention severely retarded
      lung growth, particularly at the earliest stage (i.e. 4 weeks), studied. Here the
      suppression of protein synthesis was due to the combined effects of piece-meal
      feeding and the long-term effects of the reduced food supply.

PMID- 3367670
TI  - Survival characteristics of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis under constant culture
      conditions: effects of aging and disease.
AB  - Survival characteristics of seven different populations of the mollusc Lymnaea
      stagnalis were studied under constant culture conditions. On the basis of these
      characteristics four populations were considered as healthy and three as
      infected. In the healthy populations senescence started at an age of about 200
      days, 50% survival age varied from 282 to 372 days, 10% survival age from 417 to
      508 days and the maximum age from 528 to 673 days. Infected populations differed
      from healthy ones: (1) in behaviour of the animals; and (2) in shape of survival
      curve and age-specific death rate. It is concluded that in aging studies in
      addition to the absolute age of the animals, the following information should be
      given: the percentage of survival of the population at the time of sampling and a
      quantitative estimate of the quality of the cultures from which the animals were
      sampled. The parameters of the Weibull function seem to be suitable for such
      estimations.

PMID- 3367671
TI  - A quantitative method to evaluate the quality of interrupted animal cultures in
      aging studies.
AB  - A method is described for a quantitative estimation of the quality of interrupted
      animal cultures. It is applicable when survival can be described by a Weibull or
      by a Gompertz function. Application to four healthy and three infected cultures
      of Lymnaea stagnalis shows that survival curves can be successfully predicted
      from cultures censored at 25%, 50%, and 75% survival. The parameters of these
      predicted survival curves can be used to evaluate experimental results from
      single (longitudinal or cross-sectional) aging studies, and to evaluate
      comparisons among different aging studies.

PMID- 3367672
TI  - Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating intermediate and high-dose Ara C
      treatment for relapsed acute leukemia.
AB  - Infection, hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are
      pulmonary complications occurring after remission induction therapy for acute
      leukemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of these causes by
      serial roentgenogram, clinical, microbiological and laboratory tests in 21
      patients (pts) with relapsed acute leukemia (18 X myeloid, 3 X lymphoblastic), an
      AML-pt (acute myeloid leukemia) suffering from secondary leukemia, and three pts
      with primary refractory leukemia following treatment with intermediate (IM) and
      high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C), in combination with amsacrine (AMSA)(n
      = 19), etoposide (VP 16) (n = 5) or Mitoxantrone (n = 1). Eleven out of 25 pts
      developed pulmonary complications, one of them with massive hemoptysis and
      roentgenographic signs of pulmonary bleeding, one suffering from protracted shock
      after a tumor lysis syndrome, two pts showing symptoms of a cardiogenic pulmonary
      edema complicating severe Candida pneumonia in one case and legionnaires' disease
      in the other. Seven of the eleven pts had a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with
      respiratory failure 1-14 days after cessation of induction or consolidation
      therapy. In six of the seven, there were no signs of cardiogenic, infectious or
      metabolic reasons, including fluid overload, for the pulmonary edema, one had as
      a contributing factor a Candida infection of the lung. Three of the seven
      patients recovered, four died (two following IM and two after HD-Ara C). Other
      adverse side effects, clearly attributable to HD-Ara C, included delirious state
      (n = 3), generalized erythema (n = 3), acute pancreatitis (n = 2), acute abdomen
      (n = 1) and conjunctivitis in almost all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3367673
TI  - Flutamide--an antiandrogen inhibiting prostatic cancer and prostatic secretion
      with retention of potency.
AB  - Ten men with prostatic cancer, stage T3M0 Nx or more, who were anxious to
      maintain sexual potency, were treated with flutamide. The eight metastasis-free
      tumours remained stable during treatment periods of 3-48 months. The two tumours
      with metastasis at the start of treatment showed growth inhibition for 3 and 7
      months, respectively, but thereafter progressed, leading to change of treatment.
      Nine of the ten men claimed maintained potency during flutamide therapy. Seven
      delivered ejaculate for biochemical analysis during or after flutamide therapy,
      as further evidence of potency. Biochemical analyses of the pre-flutamide
      ejaculates revealed higher values for markers of prostatic secretion in cases
      with high level of tumour differentiation. Significant reduction in the secreted
      amount of prostatic and seminal vesicle parameters was found in all the studied
      cases during flutamide therapy.

PMID- 3367674
TI  - Long-term investigations of laser-assisted microvascular anastomoses with the
      1.318-micron Nd:YAG laser.
AB  - Laser-assisted microvascular anastomoses can be performed with the most diverse
      types of laser (Dujovny et al: 4th Annu Gen Sci Meet LANSI, 1986; Godlewski et
      al: World J Surg 10:329-333, 1986; Gomes et al: Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo
      37:255, 1982; Quigley et al: Laser Surg Med 5:357-367, 1985; Quigley et al:
      Lancet 1:334, 1985; Quigley et al: Neurosurgery 18(3):292-299, 1986; Jain: J
      Microsurg 1:436-439, 1980; Jain: Lancet 2:816-817, 1984; Krueger and Almquist:
      Lasers Surg Med 5:55, 1985; Neblett et al: Neurosurgery 19(6):914-934, 1986;
      Schober et al: Science 232:1421-1422, 1986; Ulrich et al: 2nd Annu Gen Sci Meet
      LANSI, 1984; Ulrich and Bock: Optoelectronics in Medicine, Spring-Verlag 418-423,
      1986). However, postoperative complications in the form of thromboses and
      aneurysmatic sacs could be detected in 7-29.8% in longitudinal investigations. By
      conversion of the beam geometry (1.3 micron Nd:YAG laser, 200 micron light
      conductor) and use of three concentrically applied 10.0 backstitch sutures in 25
      end-to-end anastomoses of the common carotid artery of adult albino rats 0.8-1.2
      mm in diameter, early and late complications could be markedly reduced (12%).

PMID- 3367675
TI  - Pulsed CO2 laser tissue ablation: effect of tissue type and pulse duration on
      thermal damage.
AB  - Tissue removal by infrared lasers is accompanied by thermal damage to nonablated
      tissue. The extent of thermal damage can be controlled by a choice of laser
      wavelength, irradiance, and exposure duration. The effect of exposure duration
      has been studied in vivo by using CO2 lasers with pulse widths that vary from 2
      microseconds to 50 msec. Pulse widths of 50 msec, typical of a shuttered,
      continuous-wave CO2 laser, produce damage regions 750 micron wide in normal
      guinea pig skin; the use of a 2-microseconds-long pulse reduced this damage zone
      to as little as 50 micron. Using 2-microseconds-long pulses, in vitro studies
      showed that the minimum zone of thermal damage varied significantly with tissue
      type. The thermal denaturation of these tissues has been studied and correlated
      with damage. The effect of denaturation temperature and pulse duration on the
      width of the damage zone is explained by a simple model.

PMID- 3367676
TI  - Comparison of continuous-wave, chop-wave, and super pulse laser wounds.
AB  - Some of the latest generation of CO2 lasers incorporate features that alter the
      wave form. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the relative zone of
      coagulation in acute laser wounds created in continuous-wave (CW), chop-wave
      (CPW), and super pulse wave (SPW) modes. The damage from single-point impact
      sites and incisions was compared in a guinea pig model. Animals were anesthetized
      with pentobarbital, and wounds were created with a 125-mm handpiece in focus (0.2
      mm spot size) on dorsal and flank skin sites with the Sharplan 743 and 1100 CO2
      lasers (Sharplan, Ltd., Allendale, NJ). Point impacts of CW and CPW were compared
      at power levels of 5, 10, 25, 40, 60, and 80 W at time durations of 0.05, 0.1,
      0.2, and 0.5 seconds. Incisions of 3.0 cm were created at 25 W in CW, CPW, and
      SPW modes. Histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Van Giesen
      elastin stains were evaluated by a single observer (R.J.L.). Zones of coagulation
      for the point-impact study varied from 79 to 257 +/- 66 (SD) micron in width with
      no significant differences between any of the wounds. Greater thermal damage
      (coagulation) occurred as the time interval increased. The zones of coagulation
      in the incision study were 309 +/- 83 (SD) micron for CW, 238 +/- 51 (SD) micron
      for SPW1 (743), 260 +/- 79 (SD) micron for CPW, and 194 +/- 56 (SD) micron for
      SPW2 (1100). These results are significant to the P less than 0.01
      level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367678
TI  - 532-nanometer green laser beam treatment of superficial varicosities of the lower
      extremities.
AB  - Green laser light at 532 nm was utilized in an attempt to thrombose and blanch
      superficial varicosities of the lower extremity in 14 patients. Selective
      vascular damage with sparing of overlying skin was the theoretical rationale for
      use of green light. Seven of the 14 patients achieved satisfactory results (total
      or near-total obliteration of vessels without scarring) after a 6-month period of
      observation.

PMID- 3367679
TI  - Combination of laser plus 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of extensive genital
      condylomata acuminata.
AB  - Although laser is effective in the treatment of genital condylomata, patients
      with extensive lesions frequently require more than one treatment. The present
      study was undertaken to investigate whether the cure rate achieved by a single
      laser treatment could be improved by adding topical 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
      Twenty patients with extensive genital condylomata were treated with laser alone.
      Twenty patients comparable to the first group in age, number, size, and
      distribution of the condylomata were treated by laser and 5-FU. The first
      application of 5% 5-FU cream was carried out at the end of the laser treatment by
      the surgeon in the operating room. The patients were instructed to apply 5-FU
      cream once weekly to the vulva and once every two weeks to the vagina by using an
      applicator filled to one-third with 5-FU cream. Seven patients (35%) without 5-FU
      were found to have persistent condylomata at the first follow-up examination
      eight to 12 weeks after the single laser treatment. Two additional patients were
      noted to have disease six and nine months after laser treatment. The combination
      of laser and 5-FU failed in two cases (10%), both identified at the first visit.
      The difference is statistically significant (P less than .025, chi-square test).
      Two patients exposed to 5-FU experienced chemical vulvitis. It is concluded that
      the combination of a single laser treatment and 5-FU has acceptable side effects
      and results in a higher cure rate than a single laser treatment without 5-FU.

PMID- 3367677
TI  - Does low-energy helium-neon laser irradiation alter "in vitro" replication of
      human fibroblasts?
AB  - Cultured human fibroblasts were treated in a controlled, randomized manner to
      assess the effect of low-energy (0.9 mW) helium-neon (HeNe) laser irradiation on
      cellular proliferation. Two trials were performed: one with fibroblasts in the
      third to fourth passage and the other with fibroblasts in the 13th to 14th
      passage. In each trial, separate plastic petri dishes were inoculated with the
      cells, maintained in a 5% CO2-95% air atmosphere, and nourished with HB 102
      media. Treatment began 48 h after inoculation with daily 60-s irradiations of the
      "treated" cultures over a 5-d period. Control cultures underwent the same
      handling but were not irradiated. A significant stimulative, or inhibitive,
      effect on replication was not found in either trial.

PMID- 3367680
TI  - CO2 laser in surgery for prophylaxis of HIV infection.

PMID- 3367681
TI  - American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, eighth annual meeting. Dallas,
      Texas, April 25-27, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3367682
TI  - New laser hysteroscope for neodymium-YAG endometrial ablation.
AB  - A multichannel operating hysteroscope was developed for use with the Nd-YAG
      laser. The telescopes measure 350 mm in length, with a 4 mm outer diameter (OD),
      and are available with 0 degree or 30 degrees objectives. The operating sheath
      incorporates two isolated operating channels (2 mm OD) through which an Nd-YAG
      quartz fiber and an aspiratory cannula can be inserted simultaneously. The design
      of this instrument permits constant or intermittent aspiration of debris from the
      intrauterine milieu and very clear vision throughout the operative procedure. The
      entire cavity of the uterus may be flushed with the distending medium by
      injecting the liquid through the instillation channel and opening one of the two
      operating channels.

PMID- 3367683
TI  - An assessment of prolactin's value as an index of stress.
AB  - On an every other day basis, chronically catheterized male rats were subjected to
      a 30 sec grid shock in either an ascending (0.0, 0.25, 1.0, 4.0 mA) or descending
      order. A third group was repeatedly subjected to 1.0 mA shock over the same time
      frame. In 85% of the shock trials, plasma prolactin increased from baseline
      levels, thus indicating that prolactin is a relatively reliable index of stress.
      However prolactin did not change in a step-wise fashion with stressor intensity
      for a significant number of rats. Data from the group given repeated exposure to
      the 1 mA stressor showed no evidence of habituation--a process which might have
      explained the findings. This study indicates that prolactin levels do not
      sensitively track stressor intensity for individual rats.

PMID- 3367684
TI  - Differential plasma catecholamine and neuropeptide Y responses to acute stress in
      rats.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vasoconstrictor present in the sympatho-adrenomedullary
      system and may be co-released with norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI)
      during sympathetic activation. We studied plasma NPY-immunoreactivity (-ir,
      radioimmunoassay) and catecholamine (radioenzymatic) responses during two acute
      stress paradigms that differ in character, intensity, and duration. The
      intermittent stress of footshock (0.75 and 1.5 mA, 0.5 sec duration, at 5-sec
      intervals, for 5 min) evoked intensity-dependent immediate increments in plasma
      NE and EPI, and a delayed NPY-ir response (+0.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/ml). Prolonged (60
      min) immobilization caused greater increases in plasma NE and EPI levels and no
      changes in plasma NPY-ir until the end of the stress session (+0.3 +/- 0.1
      pmol/ml). Plasma NPY-ir responses correlated with those of NE but not with EPI
      suggesting a sympathetic origin for the release of the peptide. Relatively
      greater NPY-ir responses to footshock than to immobilization may be consistent
      with a preferential release of the peptide by a bursting but not continuous mode
      of sympathetic activation. However, it may also be due to a differential
      activation of the sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla by these two stress
      situations.

PMID- 3367685
TI  - Statistical criteria for using short-term measurements as an index of 24-hour
      mean arterial pressure in unanesthetized unrestrained dogs.
AB  - This study assessed the statistical validity of short time-interval measurements
      as estimators of true 24 hour mean arterial pressure in unanesthetized,
      unrestrained dogs. 24 hour intra-arterial pressure recordings were obtained using
      a stable FM telemetry system. The 24 hour pressure measurements approximated a
      normal distribution whose variance was inversely related to the selected
      averaging interval. Given the variance of a normal distribution one can calculate
      the 95% confidence interval for any single random measurement. Conversely the
      number of random samples necessary to be within a prescribed confidence interval
      can be determined. In this study, the 95% confidence interval for a single,
      random 30 minute arterial pressure average was calculated to be 11.2 mmHg. Only
      4.8 +/- 1.4% of 480 individual 30 minute arterial pressure measurements fell
      beyond this confidence interval. These outlying values were distributed
      throughout the 24 hour period. The data suggest that randomly chosen short time
      interval measurements may be a valid index of true 24 hour mean pressure if the
      average variance of a population is known and confidence intervals are defined.

PMID- 3367686
TI  - The antihypertensive effect of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A), a cholinergic
      neurotoxin, in spontaneously hypertensive rats, following administration into the
      posterior hypothalamus.
AB  - The aim of this study was to ascertain whether drug-induced cholinergic
      hypofunction in the posterior hypothalamus would affect the development and the
      maintenance of hypertension in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive
      (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with AF64A, a neurotoxin which can
      irreversibly inhibit cholinergic transmission in vivo. AF64A or saline was
      injected bilaterally into the posterior hypothalamus of rats of two age groups:
      normotensive one month-old rats whose blood pressure was subsequently measured at
      the age of three months and hypertensive three month-old rats, whose blood
      pressure was measured four weeks later. In both age groups there was a
      significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure in SHR but not WKY rats. In SHR
      injected at the age of one month, there was a fall of at least 15.9 mm Hg, while
      in the rats injected at the age of three months there was a fall of 14.3 mm Hg.
      Heart rate in either strain was not affected. When AF64A was injected into the
      anterior hypothalamus of one month-old SHR, no antihypertensive effect was
      observed in these rats at the age of three months. These results show that
      cholinergic stimulation in the posterior hypothalamus may play a role in both the
      development and maintenance of hypertension in SHR.

PMID- 3367687
TI  - High affinity binding of [3H] cocaine to rat liver microsomes.
AB  - [3H]Cocaine bound reversibly, with high affinity (KD 2.3 +/- 1.1 nM) and
      stereospecificity to rat liver microsomes. Little binding was detected in the
      lysosomal, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions. The binding kinetics were slow
      (T1/2 for association, 6 min and for dissociation 17 min), and the kinetically
      calculated KD was 2 nM. Induction of mixed function oxidases by phenobarbital did
      not produce significant change in [3H]cocaine binding. On the other hand, chronic
      administration of cocaine reduced [3H]cocaine binding drastically. Neither
      treatment affected the affinity of the liver binding protein for cocaine.
      Microsomes from mouse and human livers had less cocaine-binding protein and lower
      affinity for cocaine than those from rat liver. Binding of [3H]cocaine to rat
      liver microsomes was insensitive to monovalent cations and greater than 10 fold
      less sensitive to biogenic amines than the cocaine receptor in rat striatum.
      However, the liver protein had higher affinity for cocaine and metabolites except
      for norcocaine. Amine uptake inhibitors displaced [3H]cocaine binding to liver
      with a different rank order of potency than their displacement of [3H]cocaine
      binding to striatum. This high affinity [3H]cocaine binding protein in liver is
      not likely to be a monooxygenase, but may have a role in cocaine-induced
      hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3367688
TI  - Effects of ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic stimulation on chemically
      induced liver injury in rats.
AB  - The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on experimental liver injury induced by
      carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) were studied in rats, by
      measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as an index of acute
      liver injury. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in
      CCl4-treated rats caused a marked increase in plasma ALT activity, accompanied by
      a significant decrease in ALT activity in the liver, although CCl4 treatment
      alone had no significant effect on plasma ALT activity. A similar effect of VMH
      stimulation on plasma ALT activity was observed in rats treated with DMN, another
      hepatotoxic chemical. No such exaggerated effect of VMH stimulation on plasma ALT
      activity was observed after stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area (LH).
      Surgical sympathetic denervation of the liver greatly suppressed the increase in
      plasma ALT activity after CCl4 injection and VMH stimulation. Measurement of
      regional blood flow indicated that VMH stimulation did not produce a significant
      change in blood flow to the liver. These results suggest that the VMH is involved
      in the progress of chemically-induced liver injury through activation of the
      sympathetic nerve (hepatic nerves), possibly by affecting liver metabolism more
      than the blood flow change to the liver.

PMID- 3367689
TI  - Bile acids are able to reduce blood pressure by attenuating the vascular
      reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Effects of the synthetic bile acids on blood pressure were examined in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats. Continuous intravenous administration of the
      bile acids at the rate of 1 mg/min for 20 min significantly lowered the blood
      pressure by 12 mmHg. In order to examine its blood pressure lowering mechanism,
      the isolated mesenteric arterial perfusion system was employed. Bile acids in the
      perfusate inhibited vascular reactivity to norepinephrine and KCl in a dose
      dependent manner. This inhibitory action diminished as the concentration of
      potassium in the perfusate decreased. When the perfusate was free from potassium,
      its inhibitory action completely disappeared. These results in vivo and in vitro
      studies strongly suggest that bile acids act directly on the vascular beds and
      attenuate vascular response to norepinephrine.

PMID- 3367690
TI  - Effect of short-term constant light or constant darkness on the nyctohemeral
      rhythm of type-II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in rat anterior pituitary
      and pineal.
AB  - Type-II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity (5'-D) in both anterior pituitary
      and pineal was significantly elevated at 2400 h, approximately 0.5- and 20-fold
      higher than the noon value, respectively. The nocturnal rise in both organs was
      abolished by 6 h additional light. Short-term constant darkness did not alter 5'
      D rhythmicity in either organ. These data suggest that environmental lighting
      plays an important role in the control of the 5'-D nyctohemeral rhythm in both
      anterior pituitary and pineal.

PMID- 3367692
TI  - Carbamates, atropine, and diazepam: effects on performance in the running rat.
AB  - We have reported that when rats (500 g, male) are exercised to exhaustion on a
      treadmill, pretreatment with the centrally acting carbamate physostigmine reduced
      endurance (run time, RT) and increased the rate of rise of core temperature
      (Tc+). Both RT and Tc+ were restored to control levels by pretreatment with
      either or a combination of atropine (A), and diazepam (D). Our objective in the
      present work was to determine whether A+D could also restore the performance and
      thermoregulatory decrements induced by the peripherally acting carbamate
      pyridostigmine (PY). After drug administration, rats were run (11 m/min, 6
      degrees elevation, Ta = 26 degrees C) to exhaustion. PY treatment resulted in a
      reduced RT and an increased heat gain that neither A nor D alone (A+PY and D+PY)
      could restore to control levels. On the other hand, a combination of both A and D
      restored these variables to control levels. In conclusion, A+D can restore the
      performance and thermoregulatory decrements resulting from the administration of
      either a centrally or a peripherally acting carbamate.

PMID- 3367691
TI  - Associate and non-associative tolerance to morphine: support for a dual-process
      habituation model.
AB  - Some unique predictions of a dual-process habituation model of morphine analgesic
      tolerance were examined concerning the interactions of drug-signal conditions and
      dose/frequency parameters. The model assumes that tolerance is the result of a
      combination of associative and non-associative habituation mechanisms which are
      differentially affected by dose and drug-signal conditions. In accordance with
      predictions of the model, low doses and long interdrug intervals (IDI's) resulted
      in faster tolerance acquisition, greater tolerance retention, and higher levels
      of associative tolerance, than high doses and short IDI's. Alternative accounts
      of tolerance based on Pavlovian conditioning mechanisms cannot explain this
      pattern of results. The question of generality of these findings to other drugs
      and other response measures is discussed.

PMID- 3367693
TI  - Arterial blood ketone body ratio as an indicator of the no-return point in
      hepatic inflow occlusion without venous shunt in dogs.
AB  - The effects of hepatic inflow occlusion without venous shunt on the viability of
      the liver were investigated with respect to liver energy metabolism in dogs,
      subjected to portal triad cross-clamping (Pringle's maneuver) for 10, 30 and 60
      min. The concentrations of ketone bodies and the arterial blood ketone body ratio
      (KBR) were decreased markedly by hepatic inflow occlusion, but recovered upon
      recirculation. The initial velocity of KBR recovery was 0.150/min after 10-min
      clamping, 0.140/min after 30-min clamping and 0.032/min after 60-min clamping.
      KBR recovery was delayed when hepatic inflow occlusion exceeded 30 min, which
      indicates that hepatic inflow occlusion for 60 min causes severe inhibition of
      energy generation in liver mitochondria. These findings indicate that the safety
      period for hepatic inflow occlusion without venous shunt is between 30 and 60 min
      in dogs, and that mortality can be predicted by measuring the initial velocity of
      KBR recovery upon recirculation.

PMID- 3367694
TI  - Clonidine regularizes substantia nigra dopamine cell firing.
AB  - The effects of clonidine on the activity of single substantia nigra dopamine
      neurons were studied in the chloral hydrate anesthetized rat. Although clonidine
      did not affect the firing rate of the cells, it regularized the firing pattern
      and decreased burst firing at 2-8 micrograms kg-1 i.v. These effects were
      antagonized by the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine. Yohimbine (1.0 mg kg-1)
      deregularized the firing pattern and increased the firing rate as well as the
      burst firing. The regularization produced by clonidine is discussed in terms of
      synaptic efficacy. The results might explain the therapeutic effects of clonidine
      in certain neuropsychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3367695
TI  - Uptake of artificial model remnant lipoprotein emulsions by the perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - In comparison with their precursor lipoproteins, the remanants of the
      triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins are reduced in contents of triacylglycerols and
      apolipoproteins AI and AIV, whereas the contents of cholesterol (free and
      esterified) and apolipoprotien E are increased. In this study, lipid emulsion
      models of remnant lipoproteins were used to explore which of these factors are
      necessary for physiological rates of remnant uptake by the perfused rat liver.
      Uptake rates of lipid emulsion models of remnant lipoproteins in the presence of
      apolipoprotein E were similar to in vivo uptake rates.

PMID- 3367697
TI  - Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid: induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation by a fatty
      acid with dioxin-like toxicity.
AB  - Perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) produces toxic effects in rodents similar to
      those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin. A single, intraperitoneal
      dose (50 mg/kg) of PFDA to Sprague-Dawley rats caused disruption of the
      endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling and increases in intracellular
      lipid droplets in hepatocytes similar to effects reported previously in dioxin
      toxicity. PFDA treatment led to large decreases in the activity of plasma
      membrane alkaline phosphodiesterase and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase
      without affecting lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, endoplasmic reticulum
      NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or peroxisomal catalase activities. PFDA treatment
      led to moderate peroxisome proliferation and to very large (20-40-fold) increases
      in the activity of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the
      peroxisomal system of fatty acid beta-oxidation.

PMID- 3367698
TI  - Effects of octylglucoside and triton X-100 on the kinetics and specificity of
      carnitine palmitoyltransferase.
AB  - The effects of octylglucoside on the substrate specificity, kinetics and
      aggregation state of purified carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) from beef
      heart mitochondria were investigated and compared to the effects of Triton X-100.
      Conditions in which CPT can be assayed in the absence of micelles and albumin,
      thereby eliminating miceller effects on the kinetic parameters, are described.
      When octylglucoside is substituted for Triton X-100, the specificity of CPT in
      the forward direction shifts towards the long-chain acyl-CoAs, and large changes
      in the kinetic constants are observed. The K0.5 for L-carnitine varied as much as
      50-fold, depending on the acyl-CoA and detergent used. At pH 8.0 and 200 microM
      palmitoyl-CoA, the K0.5 for L-carnitine is 4.9 mM in 12 mM octylglucoside and 0.2
      mM in 0.1% Triton X-100. Octylglucoside enhances the activity of CPT with long
      chain acyl-CoA and lowers the K0.5 for these substrates. At pH 6.0, the K0.5 for
      palmitoyl-CoA is 24.2 microM in 0.1% Triton X-100, in contrast to 3.1 microM in
      12 mM octylglucoside. Octylglucoside is a competitive inhibitor of CPT with
      octanoyl-CoA as substrate with a Ki of 15 mM. Nonlinear kinetics for both acyl
      CoAs and L-carnitine are observed when the concentration of octylglucoside is
      reduced to less than half of its critical micellar concentration (cmc). Gel
      filtration of CPT in octylglucoside below its cmc gives a single protein peak
      with a molecular mass of ca. 660,000 daltons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367696
TI  - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the size and distribution of rat
      plasma HDL.
AB  - Rat plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) are comprised of two major particle
      size subpopulations, HDL1 (255 A-140 A) and HDL2 (140 A-84 A), in which the
      proportion of arachidonate in fatty acids of cholesteryl esters is greater than
      50%. To determine whether decreased availability of arachidonate for cholesterol
      esterification would alter the distribution and/or amounts of the HDL
      subpopulations, we compared HDL subpopulations in EFA-deficient and control rats.
      To separate the effects of EFA deficiency and fat deficiency and to evaluate
      effects of different saturated fats, we used EFA-deficient diets that were fat
      free or that contained 5% saturated fat. The control diets were the EFA-deficient
      diets plus 1% safflower oil. The saturated fats were hydrogenated coconut oil,
      hydrogenated cottonseed oil and saturated medium-chain triglycerides. All EFA
      deficient diets decreased the proportion of the HDL1 subpopulation and the peak
      diameter of the HDL2 subpopulation. These changes appeared after quite brief EFA
      depletion in young rats and may be related to the increased liver cholesteryl
      ester concentrations typical of EFA-deficient rats.

PMID- 3367699
TI  - Cupric ion-dependent inhibition of lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase in
      the presence of hydroxylamine.
AB  - In the presence of hydroxylamine or ascorbic acid, the inhibitory effects of Cu2+
      on lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (acid CEH) partially purified from
      rat liver were studied. Hydroxylamine stimulated the inhibition of acid CEH
      activity by Cu2+ but not that by Zn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Hg2+.
      This Cu2+-dependent inhibition of acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity
      was completely prevented by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), EGTA and o
      phenanthroline, a chelator with a stability constant for Cu2+, and also by
      sulfhydryl agents and cytoplasmic reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione
      and mercaptoethanol. In addition, the stimulative effects of hydroxylamine on
      Cu2+-dependent inhibition were maintained even after preincubation of Cu2+ with
      hydroxylamine. On the other hand, ascorbic acid was found to replace the
      stimulation by hydroxylamine of the Cu2+-dependent inhibition of acid CEH
      activity but the effects of ascorbic acid progressively became smaller with
      prolongation of the preincubation time. Moreover, addition of chemical radical
      scavengers to the reaction mixture did not prevent the Cu2+-dependent inhibition
      of acid CEH activity in the presence of ascorbic acid. These results suggest that
      Cu2+ causes inhibition of lysosomal acid CEH activity through the formation of
      Cu1+ in a reductive medium.

PMID- 3367703
TI  - The prognostic significance of bridging hepatic necrosis in chronic type B
      hepatitis: a histopathologic study.
AB  - A histopathologic follow-up study was conducted in 207 consecutive patients to
      examine the prognostic significance of bridging hepatic necrosis (BHN) in chronic
      type B hepatitis. One hundred and eight patients showed BHN and the other 99
      intralobular spotty necrosis (SN) on initial biopsy. A higher proportion of
      patients with BHN healed (45.4% vs 26.4%) or developed cirrhosis (18.3% vs 3%)
      than the patients with SN. In contrast, intralobular inflammation persisted or
      recurred more frequently in the SN than in the BHN group (40.4% vs 5.6%). These
      figures were statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Alternatively, 87% of
      the patients who developed cirrhosis had had BHN as their initial histologic
      presentations. The estimated relative risk of cirrhotic progression for the BHN
      group compared to the SN group was 4:1. We conclude that BHN is a paradoxical
      prognostic factor, either for healing, or cirrhotic progression.

PMID- 3367701
TI  - Cellular retinyl esters and retinol among parenchymal and stellate cells in
      normal rat liver.
AB  - [11,12-3H] Retinyl acetate (100 micrograms/20 microCi/rat) in corn oil was fed by
      stomach tube to normal male Wistar-Furth rats (approximately 250 g body weight).
      After 15 days, the contents of retinyl esters and retinol (total retinol) and
      their 3H-radioactivity were measured in the whole liver, crude parenchymal cells
      and the purified parenchymal cells, employing differential centrifugation,
      centrifugal elutriation and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
      techniques. Of the total liver retinol (nmol/g liver), the crude parenchymal
      cells had nearly 90%, whereas the purified parenchymal cells had only 21% based
      on HPLC analysis. Furthermore, of the total liver retinol radioactivity (dpm/g
      liver) the crude parenchymal cell fraction had 85%, while the purified
      parenchymal cell fraction had only 16%. Based on the cell number, the crude
      parenchymal cell fraction was contaminated by retinoid-rich stellate cells to the
      extent of 4%. It, therefore, was concluded that the parenchymal cells accounted
      for 16-21%, whereas the stellate cells contributed 79-84% of total retinol stored
      in the liver under normal steady-state conditions. It also was calculated that on
      a per mg basis, stellate cells had 200 times more total retinol than parenchymal
      cells, whereas on a per cell basis each stellate cell had 74 times more total
      retinol than a parenchymal cell.

PMID- 3367702
TI  - Effects of cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol on smooth muscle cell and
      endothelial cell growth.
AB  - Auto-oxidation products of cholesterol may play a role in atherogenesis. In order
      to determine whether cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol, a cholesterol auto
      oxidation product, affected growth of vessel wall cells, sparse and confluent
      cultures of rabbit thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein
      endothelial cells were exposed to these compounds for 88 hr. The compounds were
      administered at 10(-4), 10(-5), 10(-6) or 10(-7) M in either ethanol or fetal
      bovine serum (FBS) vehicle. Cells were counted electronically, and the results
      were expressed as the percent growth in experimental vs control wells.
      Cholesterol did not inhibit cell growth under any experimental condition. 25
      Hydroxycholesterol had the following effects: inhibited confluent smooth muscle
      cell growth at 10(-4) M in ethanol vehicle only; inhibited sparse smooth muscle
      cell growth in a dose-related manner at 10(-4), 10(-5) and 10(-6) M in ethanol
      vehicle, but in FBS vehicle inhibited at only 10(-4) and 10(-5) M; inhibited
      confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 10(-4) M in ethanol vehicle
      only; and inhibited sparse human umbilical vein endothelial cell growth at 10(-4)
      and 10(-5) M in ethanol vehicle only. Thus, rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell
      growth was more sensitive to inhibition by 25-hydroxycholesterol than human
      umbilical vein endothelial cell growth was.

PMID- 3367704
TI  - Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver.
AB  - Inflammatory lesions in the liver simulating tumor formation are rare. Eleven
      cases have so far been reported in the literature, most of them in recent years.
      We present an additional case of an "inflammatory pseudotumor" in a 17-year-old
      male. The inflammatory pseudotumor should be kept in mind in the differential
      diagnosis of hepatic space-occupying lesions.

PMID- 3367700
TI  - Cheek cell fatty acids as indicators of dietary lipids in humans.
AB  - Analysis of cheek cell lipids has been suggested as a noninvasive method for
      monitoring the fatty acid composition of diets in humans. In a pilot study
      conducted to determine the validity of the method, cheek cell samples were
      collected from subjects consuming a low fat (20% of calories) diet consisting of
      fatty acids with either a 1.0 or 0.3 P/S ratio. Neither total lipid nor polar
      lipid fatty acids in cheek cells consistently reflected the P/S ratio of the
      diets. However, there were trends, particularly in the nonpolar lipids,
      suggesting that cheek cell fatty acid ratios might be useful for monitoring the
      fatty acid composition of the diets. The diet with the higher P/S ratio (1.0 vs
      0.3) consistently resulted in cheek cell lipids with lower ratios of
      18:1/saturated fatty acids and greater 18:2/20:4, 18:2/18:1 and 18:2/18:0 fatty
      acid ratios.

PMID- 3367705
TI  - Hepatic fibrosis in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Three patients showing all the symptoms of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
      underwent a splenectomy. A wedge liver biopsy revealed hepatic fibrosis around
      central veins and an increased perisinusoidal network on Sirius red staining.
      Fibrosis was moderate or mild. Liver histology was otherwise normal, as were
      liver function tests. Hepatic fibrosis could not be attributed to any known
      causes. Electron microscopy showed numerous Kupffer cells with intense phagocytic
      activity, and perisinusoidal cells with some of the characteristics of
      fibro/myofibroblasts. The mechanisms of fibrosis remain unknown but could be
      attributed, by analogy to agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, to the massive
      destruction of platelets liberating PDGF and to increased activation of
      macrophages.

PMID- 3367706
TI  - Androgen receptor concentrations in needle biopsy specimens of human liver.
AB  - The liver is a steroid-responsive organ and contains high levels of androgen
      receptors (AR). The present study investigated cytosolic AR concentrations in
      diseased human liver obtained by needle biopsy. Insufficient tissue was available
      for full Scatchard analysis. Previous studies have shown the binding affinity of
      the liver AR to be sufficiently constant to allow the use of a single saturating
      dose analysis, using 3H-mibolerone as the active ligand, for the estimation of
      binding sites. Thirteen samples were studied and compared to normal liver. AR was
      identified in all samples and the level negatively correlated to the degree of
      liver damage. A role for AR in hepatocellular carcinoma has been postulated and
      anti-androgens used in treatment. This study shows AR can be measured in needle
      biopsy specimens and, if hepatocellular carcinoma is proven to be hormone
      sensitive, then this technique may help in the assessment of such tumours.

PMID- 3367707
TI  - Histological changes of bile duct in experimental graft-versus-host disease
      across minor histocompatibility barriers. II. Electron microscopic observations.
AB  - Electron microscopic features of intrahepatic bile ducts of experimental mouse
      graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) across minor histocompatibility barriers were
      studied for 14 months after transplantation. In GVHD mice, the bile duct
      epithelial layer was consistently infiltrated by lymphoid cells and often
      accompanied by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and rarely by plasma
      cells. The epithelial cells in close contact with and in the vicinity of these
      infiltrated cells showed a variety of degenerative changes, including darkness of
      the cytoplasm and the nucleus with shrunken, irregular contours, increase in the
      amount of endoplasmic reticulum and number of mitochondria, and formation of
      intracytoplasmic vesicles and diverticula, cytoplasmic blebs, and apoptopic
      bodies. Lymphocytes were in close contact with epithelial cells through a number
      of point-contacts and located in the lateral intercellular spaces and/or between
      the basement membranes and the epithelial cells. The localization of infiltrating
      lymphocytes beneath the epithelial cells with conspicuous detachment from the
      basement membranes strongly suggested a link with subsequent epithelial cell
      injury and death. The lymphoid cells had irregular cytoplasmic projections which
      occasionally extended into spaces created by retractions of the epithelial cell
      membranes, reflecting an activation of the lymphocytes. These findings support
      the notion that the bile duct lesions in GVHD across minor histocompatibility
      barriers are mediated by specifically sensitized lymphocytes against epithelial
      cell membrane antigens. From our previous finding that a large majority of the
      infiltrating lymphocytes had a phenotype of helper/inducer T cells, a putative
      role of these lymphocytes in the induction of the bile duct lesions is discussed.

PMID- 3367708
TI  - Distribution of Ito cells in experimental hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - Ito cells (FSC) have been thought to be collagen-producing cells with regard to
      hepatic fibrosis. We have found that desmin, a structural protein of muscular
      intermediate filaments, is found in the cytoplasm of FSC, even in negative
      vitamin A-autofluorescence FSC, by using immunocytochemical techniques. In the
      present study, numbers of FSC produced by the administration of heterogeneic
      serum or carbon tetrachloride were detected in fibrous and non-fibrous areas of
      hepatic lobules by using a morphometrical analyser. After 8 weeks of
      intraperitoneal injections of heterogeneic serum into rats, FSC in fibrous septa
      increased in number and the increase continued to 12 weeks-although the numbers
      of FSC in non-fibrous areas and in controls given homologous serum did not change
      during the experiment. In the case of rats administered CCl4 once, FSC in fibrous
      areas increased in numbers after 48 h through 72 h, although the number of FSC in
      non-fibrous areas and in controls did not change. The results, with an apparent
      increase in numbers of FSC in fibrous areas and no change in non-fibrous areas,
      showed the possibility of hyperplasia due to cell division of FSC in the new
      fibroplastic areas.

PMID- 3367709
TI  - Serum proline and blood lactate levels in alcoholic patients without hepatic
      failure: relationship with alcohol ingestion and histological activity.
AB  - It has not yet been established whether serum proline and blood lactate levels
      are increased in alcoholic liver disease. We measured serum proline and blood
      lactate in controls and in patients with different stages of alcoholic liver
      disease in the absence of hepatic failure. Samplings were done in both abstinent
      and drinking alcoholics. Compared to controls, there was a striking increase in
      serum proline levels in 52 abstinent alcoholics with little or no hepatic
      fibrosis by histological assessment (0.10 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.155 +/- 0.008; p less
      than 0.005). Blood lactate levels were within the normal range and did not
      correlate with serum proline levels. On the other hand, serum proline and blood
      lactate levels were independent of hepatic necrosis and inflammation scores. In
      addition, in 10 patients with blood alcohol concentrations between 0.3 mg/ml and
      7.8 mg/ml, serum lactate and proline were significantly elevated (2.42 +/- 0.29
      mg/ml and 0.275 +/- 0.0026 mg/ml, respectively; p less than 0.005). These results
      show that there is an association between serum proline levels and the abstinence
      period in alcoholic patients. They further suggest that in alcoholic patients
      neither serum proline nor blood lactate concentrations are reliable markers for
      liver histological activity (necrosis and inflammation) or fibrosis.

PMID- 3367710
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the parenchyma-stroma relationship in experimentally
      induced cholestasis.
AB  - In order to quantify changes of the parenchyma/stroma relations in the
      progression of experimentally induced biliary fibrosis in the rat, localisation
      of lactate dehydrogenase activity and Sirius Red staining were used as criteria
      to detect parenchymal cells and collagen fibers, respectively. Blood levels of
      bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, anti-thrombin III activity, alpha 2-antiplasmin,
      factor II and factor X were related to the data obtained by histomorphometric
      measurements in sections gathered 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the onset of
      cholestasis in three animals and after 8 weeks in one animal. Histophotometry
      showed a reduction in volume density of the parenchymal cell mass of 96%, 78%,
      76%, 62% and 59% of the control values, respectively. During the same period, the
      collagen increased 5-fold in 4 weeks time, levelling off afterwards. Newly formed
      collagen appeared in the portal areas in close association with proliferating
      ductules, invading with the latter into the parenchymal mass. After 6 weeks,
      regressive changes were observed in the ductule complexes formed, manifested by a
      lowering of the epithelium in which extensive apoptotic cell death was observed
      with the electron microscope. Of the blood parameters analyzed, the clotting
      factor X showed the best inverse correlation with the Sirius Red readings (rs = 
      0.84), i.e. the volume density of collagenous fibers.

PMID- 3367712
TI  - Pressure profile in liver sinusoids. A model of localization of sinusoidal
      resistance in the normal and cirrhotic liver.
AB  - A model of pressure profile along the sinusoids in the liver is presented. The
      major prerequisite is a converging sinusoidal flow pattern through a network of
      tubes with almost equal diameter. In this case the main hemodynamic resistance is
      located downstream at the outlet. Different geometric configurations (sphere,
      cylinder, and sections of these) are considered, and it is concluded that the
      precise shape of the microcirculatory unit is not crucial. The applicability in
      cirrhosis is considered in relation to a decreased diameter and number of the
      sinusoids in this condition. Estimated pressure profiles along the sinusoids
      indicate a steep downstream pressure fall in cirrhosis, implying that the spatial
      average of sinusoidal pressure is close to that of the inlet, i.e. portal
      pressure. Another prediction is an increased blood flow rate (flow rate per
      vessel) in the region near the outlet of the sinusoids.

PMID- 3367713
TI  - On the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - To investigate the localization of increased vascular resistance in the cirrhotic
      liver, blood pressures at key points in hepatic vascular pathways were measured
      in the cirrhotic rat produced by carbon tetrachloride injections. Blood pressures
      in the portal vein, the terminal portal venule, the terminal hepatic venule and
      the inferior vena cava were 110, 68, 28 and 20 mm H2O respectively in normal
      rats, and 211, 112, 34 and 24 mm H2O respectively in rats with liver cirrhosis.
      These values suggested that the increased vascular resistance in the cirrhotic
      liver was in the intrahepatic portal vein and the sinusoids, and not in the
      intrahepatic hepatic vein, although marked distortion of the intrahepatic hepatic
      vein branches was found in the cirrhotic liver. The increase in sinusoidal
      vascular resistance was associated with sinusoidal stenoses and a decrease in the
      sinusoidal space due to the hepatic cell swelling, and that in the intrahepatic
      portal vein might result from distortion of the peripheral branches of the vein.

PMID- 3367711
TI  - The streaming liver. II. Hepatocyte life history.
AB  - Thirty male adult rats, were injected with [3H]-thymidine, [3H]TdR. The animals
      were killed in groups of five, at the following times: 1 h, 14, 30, 60, 90 and
      120 days. The livers were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut into 5
      micron-thick sections, which were then dipped into liquid emulsion and exposed
      for 3 weeks. The grain content of each sampled cell was counted and its distance
      from the nearest portal tract rim measured. Since the cells were labelled once
      and the label was available only for a short period, cell displacement could be
      followed with time. One hour after labelling, most labelled cells were confined
      within the 300 micron distance from the portal space rim. From then on, labelled
      cells advanced at a daily velocity of 2.5 micron toward the terminal hepatic
      vein. The liver acinus is composed of two compartments: a progenitor compartment
      extending up to 300 micron from the portal tract and a functional compartment
      covering the remaining acinus portion. Such an arrangement is known as a two
      compartment cell renewal system, and is found in renewing tissues like crypt
      villus and epidermis. The hepatocyte moves from the portal space toward the
      terminal hepatic vein, proceeding along a trajectory, denominated as tissue
      radius. Since cells move in one direction, the further a cell is from the portal
      tract, the older it is. One may therefore estimate cell age by measuring its
      distance from the origin. Since the tissue radius portrays cells of all ages, it
      describes the entire life history of one cell. The advancing hepatocytes traverse
      the three acinus zones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367714
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 3367715
TI  - A practical approach to dietary therapy for patients with high blood cholesterol
      levels. Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High
      Blood Cholesterol in Adults, National Cholesterol Education Program.

PMID- 3367716
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary area, Part I.

PMID- 3367717
TI  - Electroconvulsive therapy. II: Present methods of administration.

PMID- 3367718
TI  - Deafness associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 3367719
TI  - Faithful fido fetches fever.

PMID- 3367720
TI  - RMSF and litigation fever.

PMID- 3367721
TI  - Secular changes in case mix of SCI patients at Montebello.

PMID- 3367723
TI  - Story of a political campaign: there is a sleeping giant.

PMID- 3367722
TI  - Physicians and AIDS: the direction is clear.

PMID- 3367724
TI  - Research commentary: avoiding common pitfalls in the IRB process.

PMID- 3367725
TI  - Nursing and AIDS.

PMID- 3367726
TI  - [Work of the medical treatment office of a pediatric polyclinic].

PMID- 3367727
TI  - [Social hygiene aspects of abortion in Odessa].

PMID- 3367728
TI  - [Changes in the nervous system in acute alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 3367730
TI  - [Device for the bactericidal treatment of dental instruments].

PMID- 3367729
TI  - [Organization of the work of the paramedical personnel in a wound infection
      department].

PMID- 3367732
TI  - [Hereditary diseases of the eye].

PMID- 3367731
TI  - [Method for taking blood from young children].

PMID- 3367734
TI  - [Nonsurgical treatment of strabismus in children].

PMID- 3367733
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and treatment of congenital myopia].

PMID- 3367735
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the eyes].

PMID- 3367736
TI  - [Care of the oral cavity in surgical patients].

PMID- 3367737
TI  - [Work of the nurse in the bronchology office].

PMID- 3367738
TI  - [Study of the pleural exudate].

PMID- 3367740
TI  - [Preparation LIV-52].

PMID- 3367739
TI  - [European cranberry bush].

PMID- 3367741
TI  - [Rules for performing the UV irradiation of quarters and the prophylactic UV
      irradiation of children].

PMID- 3367742
TI  - [The compatibility of physiotherapeutic procedures].

PMID- 3367743
TI  - [Nurses abroad (their training, professional functions and stages in professional
      growth)].

PMID- 3367744
TI  - Effects of carbohydrate ingestion on gastric emptying and exercise performance.
AB  - In an effort to determine the effects of 5 (CHO-5), 6 (CHO-6), and 7.5 (CHO-7.5)
      percent carbohydrate solutions on gastric emptying and performance, 8 trained
      male cyclists performed 4 trials of intermittent (7- x ;12-min bout) cycling at
      70% VO2max. A final 12-min self-paced "performance" ride was performed on an
      isokinetic ergometer (Fitron) interfaced with a computer to provide total work
      output. A water placebo (WP) was used as a control. Each 12-min ride was followed
      by 3-min rest, during which a drink was consumed (8.5 ml.kg-1; mean total = 1,336
      ml.2 h-1). Blood samples were taken at 0, 25, 55, 85, and 115 min for blood
      glucose analysis. Following the performance ride, gastric residue was obtained by
      intubation and aspiration. Of the original 1,336 ml ingested during each trial,
      the volumes emptied by the stomach for the four trials were 1,306 +/- 76, 1,262
      +/- 82, 1,288 +/- 75, and 1,278 +/- 77 ml (+/- SE) for WP, CHO-5, CHO-6, and CHO
      7.5, respectively. Only the volume in the CHO-5 trial was significantly different
      from WP. The performance data showed that in all of the CHO trials, significantly
      more work was produced compared to the WP trial (CHO-5 = 1.98 +/- 0.09 x 10(5) Nm
      vs WP = 1.83 +/- 0.11 x 10(5) Nm). There were no significant differences in
      performance between any of the CHO trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367746
TI  - Increase in serum parathyroid hormone levels after prolonged physical exercise.
AB  - Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, magnesium, phosphate
      and myoglobin were measured regularly during a 5-d recovery period in 17 men who
      had participated in a 7-d field exercise maneuver with intense physical activity.
      Immediately after the exercise, there was an increase in serum PTH levels of the
      same magnitude as the maximal rise during a hypocalcemic test. The rise in PTH
      was not related to changes in serum electrolytes, but was significantly
      correlated to an increase in serum myoglobin, indicating that those who performed
      the largest amount of work also experienced the greatest stimulus for secretion
      of PTH. There were no significant changes of the serum total calcium and only a
      small initial rise of the magnesium concentrations. Serum phosphate levels were
      greatly reduced and gradually returned during recovery. This study extends
      previous observations, from short-term investigations, that physical activity
      stimulates secretion of PTH.

PMID- 3367747
TI  - Coronary and cardiac responses to exercise after chronic ventricular
      sympathectomy.
AB  - This study examined the effects of chronic surgical ventricular sympathectomy on
      the relationships between left ventricular mechanical performance, coronary blood
      flow, and exercise workload in sham-operated control dogs and dogs which had been
      ventricular sympathectomized 8 wk earlier. During exercise, left ventricular
      global contractile state was less in sympathectomized ventricles than in control
      ventricles, as indicated by reduced systolic pressure and maximal rate of
      pressure generation. Regional contractile shortening was not different. Heart
      rate was significantly elevated in sympathectomized ventricles. Therefore, peak
      systolic pressure-heart rate product and tension-time index were not different in
      sympathectomized ventricles compared to control ventricles. However, at each
      level of exercise, mean coronary flow in sympathectomized ventricles was reduced
      by about 50% compared to control values. The slopes of coronary flow on pressure
      rate product and tension-time index were also reduced. No difference in left
      ventricular oxygen extraction between control and sympathectomized hearts were
      observed. Thus, chronic ventricular sympathectomy altered the relationships
      between coronary flow and oxygen consumption, on the one hand, and ventricular
      oxygen-dependent performance and whole-body exercise level, on the other hand.

PMID- 3367745
TI  - Iron deficiency in female athletes: its prevalence and impact on performance.
AB  - The prevalence of iron deficiency and its impact on performance have not been
      adequately investigated in non-endurance athletes. This study evaluated these
      factors in 100 female intercollegiate athletes in various sports, and in 66 non
      athletes. All subjects had determinations of hemoglobin, ferritin, and
      transferrin saturation. Athletes reported on diet, menses, and symptoms. Athletes
      and coaches described mood and performance. Iron-deficient athletes were treated
      with iron; others received placebo. The same data were collected at season's end.
      Initially 31/100 (31%) athletes had iron deficiency (ferritin less than 12 ng.ml
      1; transferrin saturation less than 16%, or both) compared to 30/66 (45.5%)
      controls (not statistically significant). Compared to normal athletes, iron
      deficient athletes did not have more symptoms of iron deficiency or differences
      in mood state, but they considered their performance to be worse (P less than
      0.05). Their total iron intakes were similar, as were menstrual blood losses. At
      re-evaluation, 7/45 (15.6%) initially normal athletes were iron-deficient; 14/22
      (63.6%) initially iron-deficient athletes were normal. Athletes receiving an iron
      supplement and their coaches did not report a greater improvement in performance
      or mood than athletes receiving a placebo. Female college athletes frequently had
      iron deficiency that could be successfully treated during the season, while some
      untreated normal athletes became iron-deficient. Iron deficiency and its
      treatment had no significant impact on symptoms or mood, but affected subjective
      assessment of performance.

PMID- 3367748
TI  - Effect of arm training on central and peripheral circulatory function.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endurance arm training on
      metabolic and circulatory function during arm and leg exercise. Thirty-eight
      females (aged 18 to 35 yr) participated in the study, with 19 subjects in the
      training group and 19 in a control group. Both a specific and general training
      response was observed at the conclusion of the 5-wk training period. As a result
      of training, during peak arm exercise, significant increases (P less than 0.05)
      were observed for oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation, cardiac output, stroke
      volume, arterial-venous oxygen difference, cumulative work, and total performance
      time. During peak leg exercise following arm training, significant increases (P
      less than 0.05) were observed for VO2, ventilation, cardiac output, cumulative
      work, and total performance time. Standardized partial regression coefficients
      were used to examine the relative influence of the metabolic and circulatory
      components which define VO2. Prior to training during arm work, the arterial
      venous oxygen difference accounted for the largest proportion of variance in VO2;
      but after training, stroke volume contributed the largest portion of variance. On
      the other hand, during leg exercise, stroke volume accounted for the largest
      portion of variation in leg VO2 both before and after arm training. The data
      suggest that endurance arm training as prescribed in this study elicits
      significant circulorespiratory function adaptations to support improved
      performance in both arm and leg work. Further, the findings suggest both a
      specific and general training effect, with the more dominant effect specific to
      arm work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367749
TI  - Intra-arterial and cuff blood pressure responses during incremental cycle
      ergometry.
AB  - Brachial intra-arterial blood pressure [systolic (AS) and diastolic (AD)] and
      cuff blood pressure [systolic (CS) and fourth- and fifth-phase diastolic (CD)]
      were simultaneously measured by a single observer in 13 middle-aged men during 1
      min incremental cycle exercise. On the average, the mean AS exceeded the mean CS
      by 10 to 11 mm Hg, while the mean AD exceeded the average fourth and fifth CD by
      5 and 13 mm Hg, respectively. During incremental exercise, AS, CS, AD, and fourth
      phase CD increased, while fifth-phase CD decreased. We also measured intra
      arterial blood pressure in nine young adult men smokers during 1-min incremental
      cycle exercise. In both groups, the average intra-arterial blood pressures
      increased in a relatively linear fashion from rest to maximal exercise: AS change
      = 74 +/- 5 mm Hg (SE) and AD change = 28 +/- 3 mm Hg for young men; AS change =
      59 +/- 5 mm Hg and AD change = 12 +/- 3 mm Hg for middle-aged men. In this
      population of middle-aged smokers, intra-arterial mean blood pressure during
      exercise approximated diastolic plus 2/5 pulse pressure for intra-arterial
      measures or diastolic plus 1/2 pulse pressure for cuff measures rather than the
      traditional formula of diastolic plus 1/3 pulse pressure.

PMID- 3367750
TI  - Responses of older and younger women to exercise in dry and humid heat without
      fluid replacement.
AB  - Eight older (52 to 62 yr old) post-menopausal and 8 younger (20 to 30 yr old)
      women were matched with respect to body size, fatness, and maximal oxygen
      consumption, heat-acclimated, and then exercised at 35 to 40% maximal oxygen
      consumption in a warm-humid (37 degrees C, 60% relative humidity) environment.
      Results were compared with similar data from a hot-dry (48 degrees C, 15%
      relative humidity) environment. No fluid replacement was provided during either
      of these sessions. In each environment, the older women stored more heat as
      evidenced by a higher rectal temperature response, but there were no inter-group
      differences in skin temperature or percent maximal heart rate. Four of the older
      women were unable to complete either the hot-dry or the warm-humid exposure,
      although they completed the full 2 h during acclimation sessions when water was
      provided ad libitum. In the hot-dry environment, the younger women's whole body
      and local sweat rates were significantly higher than those of the older women; in
      the warm-humid environment, there was no age-related difference in sweat rate.
      When local skin temperature and wettedness were artificially elevated, both
      groups exhibited the same pattern and rate of sweating. Percent decrease in
      plasma volume was greater for the older women in both conditions, but
      significantly so only in the warm-humid environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3367751
TI  - Age-related changes in speed of walking.
AB  - Self-paced walking was used as a measure of the neuromuscular slowing observed
      with aging. The effects of age on the choice of speed of walking, stride length,
      and step frequency were described for 289 males and 149 females aged 19 to 102
      yr. These subjects were asked to walk at three self-selected paces (slow, normal,
      and fast) over an 80-m indoor course. Sixty-two years coincided with an
      accelerated decline in speed of walking. Before 62 yr, there was a 1 to 2% per
      decade decline in normal walking speed. After 63 yr, females showed a 12.4% per
      decade decrease and males showed a 16.1% per decade decrease. The eldest group
      (63 yr and older) had a significantly slower speed of walking and smaller step
      length than the younger groups (19 to 39 and 40 to 62 yr) for all paces. Heart
      rate at the three paces was not changed across age. In a multiple regression
      analysis, the only significant independent variable for walking speed at all
      three paces was (age), which accounted for 19 to 38% of the variance. When the
      population was divided into two age ranges (19 to 62 and 63 to 102 yr), walking
      speed was associated with height before 62 yr and with height and age after 62
      yr.

PMID- 3367752
TI  - Effects of extremity loading upon energy expenditure and running mechanics.
AB  - Physiological and mechanical consequences of running with commercially available
      hand and/or ankle weights were examined. Five males and three females (age 30 to
      56 yr) ran for 30 min on a treadmill (0% grade) at a self-selected pace (8.9 to
      13.7 km.h-1), under randomized conditions of: (i) unloaded weights; (ii) hand
      weights; (iii) ankle weights; and (iv) hand + ankle weights. Respiratory gas
      exchange determinations, heart rates, and sagittal view film clips were obtained
      at selected time intervals. Highest energy expenditures and heart values were
      obtained for the fully loaded condition, with intermediate values measured for
      independent hand- and ankle-weighted trials. Increased energy expenditure due to
      loading ranged from 5 to 8%. Lower extremity kinematics were unaffected by
      loading. Angular velocity and excursion of the arm segments was significantly (P
      less than 0.05) reduced when hand weights alone were carried. The results
      indicate that commercial claims of marked increases in energy expenditure during
      running with hand/ankle weights are exaggerated. It appears that the small actual
      increases in energy expenditure, the potential for increased impact forces, and
      the relative discomfort of carrying weights discredit running with hand and/or
      ankle weights as a desirable exercise alternative.

PMID- 3367753
TI  - Conditioned patellar tendon reflexes in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes.
AB  - Tendon reflex characteristics were examined in endurance-trained, sprint-trained,
      and control subjects (10 SS/group) using a conditioned patellar tendon reflex
      (PTR) paradigm. Paired PTRs were administered using inter-tap intervals of 0, 25,
      50, 75, 150, and 300 ms, with the left leg reflex elicited first, followed by a
      right leg PTR. A force transducer secured at the ankle was used to measure peak
      force, time to peak force, and reflex latency. In the unilateral condition,
      significant differences (P less than 0.05) existed between athletic groups, with
      the sprint-trained athletes exhibiting greater peak force, faster time to peak
      force, and faster reflex latency than the endurance athletes. Significant
      differences (P less than 0.05) also existed for the conditioned reflex. There was
      a slight depression in reflex parameters in the untrained and sprint-trained
      groups up to an interval of 50 ms. At later intervals (greater than 50 ms), a
      marked enhancement occurred in all groups for all dependent measures studied.
      This longer latency excitatory effect persisted until the 150 ms interval. These
      differences in both simple and conditioned reflexes in individuals trained for
      endurance and sprint activities may reflect inherent differences in muscle-tendon
      stiffness or neural organization.

PMID- 3367755
TI  - Analysis of wheelchair track performances.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance in wheelchair races with
      respect to the level of impaired functional musculature of the athletes. The data
      consisted of the world records and 1984 World Wheelchair Games track finalists'
      performances in the seven competitive classes for males and females. Peak
      wheelchair record speed, regardless of level of disability, of 6.43 m.s-;1 for
      males occurs in the 200 m event which decreases to 5.75 m.s-1 at 5000 m.
      Comparable female speeds are 5.60 and 4.67 m.s-1, which are similar to male
      female differences in running records. Analysis of variance of wheelchair
      finalists' average speeds indicated a significant (P less than 0.05) difference
      between the sexes, distances, and classes of athletes. Females were slower than
      males and tetraplegics slower than paraplegics over all distances. Tetraplegics
      did not show any significant change in speed over distance. Significant linear
      and quadratic trends over distance were noted for male paraplegics due to a
      generally decreasing speed with duration of the race and a peak speed at 200 m,
      respectively. Male paraplegics had a faster speed in the marathon compared to
      their longest track event, reflecting the greater speeds attainable during
      downhill wheeling.

PMID- 3367756
TI  - Intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures during lifting and jumping.
AB  - In order to investigate intra-thoracic pressure (ITP) and intra-abdominal
      pressure (IAP) during lifting and jumping, 11 males were monitored as they
      performed the dead lift (DL), slide row (SR), leg press (LP), bench press (BP),
      and box lift (BL) at 50, 75 and 100% of each subject's four-repetition maxima,
      the vertical jump (VJ), drop jump (DJ) from 0.5 and 1.0 m heights, and Valsalva
      maneuver (VM). Measurements were made of peak pressure, time from pressure rise
      to switch-marked initiation of body movement, and time from the movement to peak
      pressure. The highest ITP and IAP occurred during VM (22.2 +/- 6.0 and 26.6 +/-
      6.7 kPa, respectively) with one individual reaching 36.9 kPa (277 mm Hg) IAP. In
      ascending order of peak ITP during the highest resistance sets, the activities
      were SR, BP, VJ, DJ, DL, BL, LP, and VM, while the order for IAP was BP, VJ, DJ,
      BL, DL, LP, SR, and VM. Pressures significantly (P less than 0.05) increased with
      amount of weight lifted, rising before and peaking after the weight moved. IAP
      generally rose earlier and was of greater magnitude than ITP. For the jumps,
      pressure rose and diminished before the feet lost contact with the ground. Drop
      jump height did not affect pressure. Correlation of pressure with weight lifted
      was fair to good for most activities.

PMID- 3367757
TI  - Maxillofacial and dental ice hockey injuries.
AB  - Maxillofacial and dental ice hockey injuries in Finland were studied during 1979
      to 1985. A total of 6,885 accidents occurred to registered players between 1979
      and 1982, and 791 (11.5%) of them affected the maxillofacial and dental regions.
      There were 1,401 separate injuries during the same period, 1,184 of which (84.5%)
      affected the teeth. The most common cause of accidents (in 54.1% of cases) was a
      blow received from a stick. Maxillofacial and dental injuries accounted for 38.0%
      of the total cost of all ice hockey injuries. The mean cost of maxillofacial and
      dental injuries was over 3 times as high as that for ice hockey injuries as a
      whole. The use of a mandatory full-cage face mask greatly reduced the number of
      maxillofacial and dental injuries and hence the cost of treatment.

PMID- 3367754
TI  - Load- and skill-related changes in segmental contributions to a weightlifting
      movement.
AB  - An exemplary short duration, high-power, weightlifting event was examined to
      determine whether the ability to lift heavier loads and whether variations in the
      level of skill were accompanied by quantitative changes in selected aspects of
      lower extremity joint power-time histories. Six experienced weightlifters, three
      skilled and three less skilled, performed the double-knee-bend execution of the
      pull in Olympic weightlifting, a movement which lasted almost 1 s. Analysis-of
      variance statistics were performed on selected peak and average values of power
      generated by the three skilled subjects as they lifted three loads (69, 77, and
      86% of their competition maximum). The results indicated that the skilled
      subjects lifted heavier loads by increasing the average power, but not the peak
      power, about the knee and ankle joints. In addition, the changes with load were
      more subtle than a mere quantitative scaling and also seemed to be associated
      with a skill element in the form of variation in the duration of the phases of
      power production and absorption. Similarly, statistical differences (independent
      t-test) due to skill did not involve changes in the magnitude of power but rather
      the temporal organization of the movement. Thus, the ability to successfully
      execute the double-knee-bend movement depends on an athlete's ability to both
      generate a sufficient magnitude of joint power and to organize the phases of
      power production and absorption into an appropriate temporal sequence.

PMID- 3367758
TI  - Serum erythropoietin in cross-country skiers.
AB  - Serum erythropoietin concentration and hemoglobin concentration were determined
      during the winter season in 41 male and 31 female well-trained, cross-country
      skiers. The athletes both lived and trained at low altitude (below 300 m above
      sea level). No significant differences in serum erythropoietin concentration were
      seen between male skiers (13.6 +/- 5.0 mU.ml-1), female skiers, (14.9 +/- 5.6
      mU.ml-1), and normal controls (12.6 +/- 3.9 mU.ml-1) (mean +/- SD). In 18 of the
      skiers (12 males and 6 females), a second sample was taken after 2.3 +/- 0.18
      months. No significant difference in either serum erythropoietin concentration or
      hemoglobin concentration was detected between the two samples in this combined
      group of skiers. The present study indicates that normal serum erythropoietin
      concentration is to be expected during the winter season at sea level in cross
      country skiers living and training at low altitude.

PMID- 3367759
TI  - Significant improvement in aerobic power.

PMID- 3367760
TI  - [Genital ulcers in French Guyana. Apropos of 231 cases screened in 2 years].
AB  - In fight against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), 231 cases of genital ulcers
      were observed, in 1985 and 1986, in Cayenne (French Guiana) according to a
      clinical and laboratory study protocol described by the authors. The diagnosis
      shown, in 146 cases, one STD agent, with a high frequency of chancroid, herpes
      genitalis and primary syphilis. In addition, 18 cases of mixed genital infections
      are described: emphasis is laid on the great diversity of these associated
      diseases. 67 genital ulcers had not been caused by a STD agent, however in each
      case a complete laboratory investigation was done, and each patient received a
      treatment according to the diagnosis.

PMID- 3367761
TI  - [Tropical AIDS and tuberculosis. Apropos of a survey carried out in Bujumbura
      within the direct setting of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative tuberculous
      patients].
AB  - During a survey carried out in Bujumbura (Burundi) within two selected groups of
      H.I.V. seropositive and H.I.V. seronegative tubercular patients and their
      respective family, the authors noted that H.I.V. + patients reacted poorly to the
      specific treatment and they have continued to disseminate Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis after one year of treatment and consequently they have contaminated
      their family. They often have showed some drug reactions, in particular to TBE 1.

PMID- 3367762
TI  - [Tuberculosis in infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Bangui
      (Central African Republic)].
AB  - Tuberculosis in Central African Republic is an endemic disease. Its prevalence is
      3.87 p. 1.000. The relationship between tuberculosis and HIV infection has been
      observed on 39 out of 72 cases in the National Hospital of Bangui from September
      1986 to June 1987. Tuberculosis is often acute and a severe disease with cervical
      adenopathies. 13 out of 39 patients died. In spite of cutaneous anergy, some
      cases (7/39) recovered with antituberculosis therapy.

PMID- 3367765
TI  - [Treatment of bilharziasis due to Schistosoma mekongi with praziquantel].
AB  - After a review of the mechanisms of anti-schistosomal activity of praziquantel
      and the treatment of Schistosoma mekongi with this drug, the authors report two
      cases of Schistosoma mekongi treated with praziquantel with failure. Rectal
      mucosa biopsies are performed and eggs are present. Light microscopic, electron
      microscopic and on ultra-thin sections examination of these samples don't reveal
      morphological alterations of Schistosoma mekongi eggs after treatment.

PMID- 3367764
TI  - [Neonatal mortality factors at the Dakar General Hospital].
AB  - The authors studied 223 new-borns in an African Pediatric Department over a eight
      month period. The death rate was 47.5 p. cent (106 cases). It was explained by
      infectious diseases in 53 cases, respiratory distress syndrome in 37 cases, acute
      foetal distress in 9 cases, jaundice in 6 cases, and malformation syndrome in one
      case. A birth-weight less than 2.500 g is correlated with a poor prognosis. The
      authors define target populations in tropical zones to be looked after by aims of
      prophylactic and curative actions.

PMID- 3367763
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of xerophthalmia in Chad].
AB  - An epidemiologic survey by random cluster sampling was carried out in Chad. Its
      purpose was to evaluate the importance of xerophthalmia. 3.002 children under 10
      years of age were surveyed for two different periods: in 1984 after the drought
      striking the Sahelian zone and in 1985 after a normal crop. Computerization of
      the results according to nutritional circumstances and geographical distribution
      demonstrated that avitaminosis is a true Public Health problem, whatever climatic
      zones, food products and nutritional conditions are. However situation worsens
      during a drought and calls for an emergency distribution of vitamin A to the most
      in-need populations.

PMID- 3367767
TI  - [From emergency care to primary health care. Difficulties, pitfalls and stakes].
AB  - In the last years thoughts about emergency medical aid have been developed a lot:
      i) the similarity of emergency health interventions and primary health care
      (P.H.C.): ii) the necessity of considering emergency health interventions in a
      long-term developmental perspective have been more and more stressed.
      Nevertheless important differences between emergency and long-term interventions
      do exist and it would be useless to deny them by artificially placing emergency
      health interventions under the aegis of primary health care. If there is any
      similarity between both of them, it is actually between emergency health
      interventions and "selective primary health care" (here labelled "selective
      health interventions"). This similarity lies in the fact that a conceptual as
      well as operational link is possible between emergency interventions and
      selective ones. In so far as one's judgement about selective health interventions
      is rather negative, this similarity appears to be more dangerous than favourable.
      Furthermore, if the specificity of emergency aid is fully recognized, it could be
      ineffective to try to implement it as PHC. This paper proposes criteria to
      distinguish primary health care, selective health interventions and emergency
      aid.

PMID- 3367768
TI  - [Cushing's ulcer in a child (apropos of a case)].
AB  - Cushing's ulcus is an uncommon disease occurring during the regression of acute
      neurologic diseases. It counts for 30 p.c. of causes of acute digestive
      hemorrhages in children. Prognosis is very bad and any surgical treatment has to
      be as preservative as possible, classically achieving a hemostatic ligation
      associated with a pyloroplasty and a truncal vagotomy. Mortality rate is 20 p.c.

PMID- 3367772
TI  - The noninvasive determination of linoleic acid content of human adipose tissue by
      natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - A new method to assess noninvasively the proportionate storage of poly- and mono
      unsaturated fatty acids in human adipose tissue is described. The method is based
      on in vivo natural abundance 13C NMR at 1.9 T using a TMR 32/200. Data were
      acquired with a concentric coil system placed below subcutaneous adipose tissue
      of the calf or the lower arm. Continuous single-frequency decoupling was used to
      optimize the signal in the spectral region of interest and minimize potential
      heating effects. Only adipose triglycerides contributed significantly to the
      resonance intensities. Typical linewidths for the in vivo 13C resonances were 10
      14 Hz resulting in excellent resolution in the region of the unsaturated carbons.
      Signal-to-noise ratios for the resonance at 128.4 ppm (due to carbon atoms of
      polyunsaturated fatty acids) were typically 50-90 in 8 min using 0.25s repetition
      time. The relative storage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined by
      comparing the peak intensity at 128.4 ppm with the intensities of the peaks due
      to the carbonyl, the glycerol, or the main methyl carbons. High-resolution in
      vitro NMR of adipose biopsies and various mixtures of triglycerides studied with
      the in vivo NMR protocols provided further evidence that the described in vivo
      NMR methods allowed precise information on the relative storage of linoleic acid,
      the main constituent of the pool of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conventional gas
      chromatography was performed on adipose biopsies of two volunteers and resulted
      in close agreement with the in vivo NMR methods. The average polyunsaturated
      fatty acid concentration in adipose tissue in seven healthy volunteers was 19.83
      mol% +/- 1.74 (SD) as determined by in vivo NMR, consistent with conventional
      studies based on gas chromatography of biopsied material. Preliminary data on
      three cystic fibrosis patients showed a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid
      concentration of 13.12 mol% +/- 2.73 (SD). The high accuracy of this method and
      its noninvasive character should be especially valuable in clinical research and
      diagnosis as repetitive adipose biopsies can be avoided.

PMID- 3367769
TI  - [Severe anemia due to ancylostomiasis impairing vital prognosis].

PMID- 3367771
TI  - Functional evaluation of the heart with magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - This review examines the capability of cine MRI for evaluation of cardiovascular
      function and shows early results in valvular, ischemic, and congenital heart
      disease. MR assessment of left and right ventricular volumes is independent of
      geometrical models; dimensional values have been defined for normal individuals.
      Noninvasive measurement of peak and end systolic pressure along with cine MR
      imaging can be used to calculate left ventricular meridional wall stress which
      can be used for monitoring of myocardial diseases and evaluation of therapeutic
      intervention. Cine MR may be more accurate than angiography for identifying
      regional LV dysfunction since it can measure wall thickening as well as inward
      wall motion. Regurgitant jets due to valvular lesions are readily seen and their
      characteristics may be used to define the severity of aortic or mitral
      regurgitation. Calculation of the regurgitant volume separates patients with
      mild, moderate, or severe disease. Likewise, the shunt flow across ventricular
      and atrial septal defects has been visualized in cine MR images and shunt flow
      calculated. Cine MRI serves as a three-dimensional imaging technique with high
      temporal resolution. It extends the capability of MRI in cardiac disease beyond
      the depiction of anatomy and renders a comprehensive cardiac imaging technique
      for quantitation of cardiac anatomy and function.

PMID- 3367766
TI  - [The value of metronidazole in the indications for appendicectomy in a tropical
      environment. Apropos of 183 cases].
AB  - This work was carried out consequently to three observations followed up by
      regrettable consequences: one right hemicolectomy about acute perforated
      typhlitis, two post-operative fistulae about clinical feature of pseudo
      appendicitis. A study was undertaken on 183 patients; 160 patients complained of
      chronic in right iliac fossa, 23 of acute or subacute pain. Out of the 160
      chronic patients, treated by metronidazole did not show symptoms anymore. Out of
      the 23 acute patients, 14 were cured thanks to the amebicide test-treatment and
      the 9 others showed during surgical intervention: 4 phlegmonous appendicitis, 3
      appendicitis with inflammation of the mucous membrane, 2 appendicitis with
      abscess. In the acute cases, the duration of the therapeutic test was 10 ho. In
      the operated chronic cases (37 out of 160), histology substantiated surgery in
      revealing typical lesions of chronic appendicitis sometimes associated to
      anatomical deformity such as diverticulum. The authors strongly suggest such a
      test-treatment by metronidazole. It is well accepted and has enabled to get rid
      of post-operative morbidity of appendicectomy in tropical milieu.

PMID- 3367770
TI  - [A pleural lavage technic].

PMID- 3367773
TI  - Magnetic field mapping.
AB  - Homogeneous radiofrequency magnetic fields are necessary for production of high
      quality magnetic images and for most forms of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It
      is often convenient to map the radiofrequency homogeneity associated with a
      resonant device by measuring the magnetic image intensity of an aqueous phantom
      placed within the resonator. The rf field intensity is not related trivially to
      the magnetic image intensity, and the relationship is different for different
      image acquisition methods. In this report relationships between rf field
      intensity and magnetic image intensity are derived and radio-frequency field maps
      presented for comparison using (1) an rf probe moved about within the resonant
      volume, (2) spin-echo images, and (3) small tip angle gradient refocused echo
      images.

PMID- 3367775
TI  - An analysis of fast imaging sequences with steady-state transverse magnetization
      refocusing.
AB  - Recently, several groups have proposed and demonstrated the use of rapid imaging
      methods, using short pulse repetition times and gradient-reversal echoes. Here,
      we analyze the behavior of the magnetization and the resulting image contrasts in
      such sequences for the case where the pulse repetition time TR is of the order
      of, or shorter than, the transverse relaxation time T2, and the transverse
      magnetization is not destroyed between phase-encoding cycles. Exact analytical
      expressions describing the signal evolution between the pulses are derived,
      taking into account the effects of resonance offsets and flip angles, and
      examining the influence of constant-phase or alternate-phase RF pulse trains. It
      is shown that for typical imaging sequences two distinct echo signals will
      develop between pulses, which may have a detrimental effect on image quality if
      they partially overlap within the sampling window. It is shown that artifact-free
      images can be obtained only if the two echo signals overlap precisely, which
      seems technically close to impossible to achieve, or if they are sufficiently
      separated in time to allow sampling of only one of the signals.

PMID- 3367776
TI  - Non-Brownian water self-diffusion in lung tissue.
AB  - Pulsed field gradient NMR measurements of rat lung tissue have shown that the
      apparent water self-diffusion coefficient is nearly an order of magnitude smaller
      than that of free water and moreover is not constant but varies as the inverse
      square root of the diffusion time. The mean square displacement of water
      molecules is similarly proportional to the square root of the diffusion time.
      Possible origins of this non-Brownian behavior are discussed.

PMID- 3367774
TI  - Dynamic imaging with lanthanide chelates in normal brain: contrast due to
      magnetic susceptibility effects.
AB  - Using a one-dimensional rapid imaging technique, we have found that injection of
      lanthanide chelates such as Gd(DTPA)2- leads to a significant decrease (50%) in
      rat brain signal intensity at 1.45 T using T2-weighted pulse sequences; however,
      no effect of comparable size is observed with T1-weighted pulse sequences. The
      transient effect and its kinetics were followed with a temporal resolution of
      between 1 and 8 s. Experiments with different lanthanide chelates show that the
      observed decrease in signal intensity correlates with the magnetic moment of each
      agent but not with their longitudinal relaxivity. Three-dimensional chemical
      shift resolved experiments demonstrate significant line broadening in brain
      during infusion with Dy(DTPA)2-. Our results show that the cause of this effect
      is the difference in susceptibility between the capillaries, containing the
      contrast agent, and the surrounding tissue. As a result of these susceptibility
      differences, field gradients are produced in the tissue and diffusion of water
      through these gradients leads to a loss of spin phase coherence and thus a
      decrease in signal intensity. We propose this as a new type of contrast agent
      mechanism in NMR. The effect and its kinetics are likely to be related to
      important physiological parameters such as cerebral blood volume and cerebral
      blood flow, and do not depend on a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier as do
      conventional contrast agent techniques.

PMID- 3367777
TI  - Postnatal NMR changes in guinea pig central nervous system: potential relevance
      to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
AB  - The age of sensitization determines the clinical course of experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the guinea pig. Adult animals immunized with central
      nervous system (CNS) tissue develop acute, fulminant EAE, whereas a relapsing
      remitting illness resembling multiple sclerosis occurs if sensitization occurs in
      the first 2 weeks of life. This study characterized the changes in the proton
      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and imaging of the CNS during the
      immediate postnatal period. T1 and T2 relaxation times in cerebral hemispheres
      and spinal cords of strain 13 guinea pigs were consistently prolonged at birth,
      progressively shortened in the first few weeks of life, and achieved adult levels
      by age 6 to 11 weeks. There were no age-dependent differences in T1 and T2
      relaxation times and tissue specific gravity in either strain 13 or Hartley
      guinea pigs following immunization with complete Freund's adjuvant, an agent
      previously reported to disrupt the blood-brain barrier to IgG and albumin in
      strain 13 guinea pigs. The CNS of neonatal guinea pigs appeared well myelinated
      by light microscopy and there was no apparent difference in the extent of
      myelination between newborn and adult animals. Although it was possible to
      distinguish gray from white matter in the cervical spinal cord of newborn guinea
      pigs by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, gray/white contrast was less
      satisfactory in the cerebral hemispheres until approximately 6 weeks of life when
      it was possible to differentiate gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal
      fluid. This study indicates that NMR relaxation times change during early
      postnatal life, at a time corresponding to the unexplained differences in
      susceptibility to an immune challenge. These developmental changes appear to be
      independent of the degree of CNS myelination.

PMID- 3367778
TI  - Spin-echo 1H NMR detected response of ergothioneine to oxidative stress in the
      intact human erythrocyte.
AB  - Human erythrocytes were subjected to oxidative stress using arsenicals. The study
      is a model for thiol-related redox processes observed in the etiology of diseases
      such as rheumatoid arthritis. Spin-echo NMR spectroscopy of the living cell was
      used to monitor the cellular biochemistry. Oxidation of glutathione and the first
      demonstrated response of ergothioneine to a chemical stimulus in a cell were
      observed. The reversible nature of the ergothioneine response is interpreted as
      an environmental rather than a chemical change.

PMID- 3367779
TI  - FADE--a new fast imaging sequence.
AB  - A series of rapid, equally spaced rf pulses of constant amplitude produces two
      distinct components of transverse magnetization. FADE (fast acquisition double
      echo) is a new Fourier steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging sequence which
      images both components separately in each interpulse interval. The first
      component gives more signal than the second but lacks contrast while the second
      is strongly T2 weighted.

PMID- 3367780
TI  - Simultaneous image acquisition from the head (or body) coil and a surface coil.
AB  - Any number of coils can in principle be used simultaneously and independently in
      magnetic resonance imaging if the mutual inductances are sufficiently small.
      Surface coils and head or body coils have equal sensitivity at some crossover
      depth of the order of 6 to 10 cm. Using a 7.5-cm-diameter surface coil that was
      intrinsically isolated from the head coil, images were acquired simultaneously
      from both coils and combined to improve the signal-to-noise ratio at 6 cm depth
      by 2 1/2. A similar experiment with the body coil showed 2 1/2 improvement at
      about 8 cm depth.

PMID- 3367782
TI  - Structural organization of the beta-globin locus of B-haplotype sheep.
AB  - Goats and some sheep synthesize a juvenile hemoglobin, Hb C (alpha 2 beta C2), at
      birth and produce this hemoglobin exclusively during severe anemia. Sheep that
      synthesize this juvenile hemoglobin are of the A haplotype. Other sheep,
      belonging to a separate group, the B haplotype, do not synthesize hemoglobin C
      and during anemia continue to produce their adult hemoglobin. To understand the
      basis for this difference we have determined the structural organization of the
      beta-globin locus of B-type sheep by constructing and isolating overlapping
      genomic clones. These clones have allowed us to establish the linkage map 5'
      epsilon I-epsilon II-psi beta I-beta B-epsilon III-epsilon IV-psi beta II-beta
      F3' in this haplotype. Thus, B sheep lack four genes, including the BC gene, and
      have only eight genes, compared with the 12 found in the goat globin locus. The
      goat beta-globin locus is as follows: 5' epsilon I-epsilon II-psi beta X-beta C
      epsilon III-epsilon IV-psi beta Z-beta A-epsilon V-epsilon VI-psi beta Y-beta
      F3'. Southern blot analysis of A-type sheep reveals that these animals have a
      beta-globin locus similar to that of goat, i.e., 12 globin genes. Thus, the beta
      globin locus of B-haplotype sheep resembles that of cows and may have retained
      the duplicated locus of the ancestor of cows and sheep. Alternatively, the B
      sheep locus arrangement may be the result of a deletion of a four-gene set from
      the triplicated locus.

PMID- 3367784
TI  - High codon-usage changes in mammalian genes.

PMID- 3367781
TI  - Monitoring of acutely ill patients during nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: use
      of a time-varying filter electrocardiographic gating device to reduce gradient
      artifacts.
AB  - A time-varying filter electrocardiographic gating device designed to reduce NMR
      induced gradient artifacts during NMR imaging of the acutely ill cardiac patient
      is described. When used in conjunction with multiple electrocardiographic display
      monitors, accurate assessment of the electrocardiogram for morphologic changes
      and arrhythmias during all phases of the NMR examination is possible.

PMID- 3367783
TI  - Organization and evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene in Drosophila.
AB  - The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene was isolated from Drosophila simulans and D.
      mauritiana, and the DNA sequence of a 4.6-kb region, containing the structural
      gene and flanking sequence, was determined for each. These sequences were
      compared with the Adh region of D. melanogaster to characterize changes that
      occur in the Drosophila genome during evolution and to identify conserved
      sequences of functional importance. Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana Adh are
      organized in a manner similar to that of D. melanogaster Adh, including the
      presence of two promoters for the single Adh gene. This study identified
      conserved flanking elements that, in conjunction with other studies, suggest
      regions that may be involved in the control of Adh expression. Inter- and
      intraspecies comparisons revealed differences in the kinds of sequence changes
      that have accumulated. Sequence divergence in and around the Adh gene was used to
      assess inter- and intraspecies evolutionary relationships. Finally, there appears
      to be an unrelated structural gene located directly 3' of the Adh transcribed
      region.

PMID- 3367785
TI  - The three-dimensional structures of S-layers of two novel Eubacterium species
      isolated from inflammatory human processes.
AB  - The three-dimensional structures of the crystalline surface layers of two species
      of Eubacteria have been determined by electron microscopy and computerized image
      processing. The S-layer of Eubacterium sp. ES4C has tetragonal symmetry, with a
      unit cell spacing of 10.6 nm and a thickness of 9.5 nm, while that of Eubacterium
      sp. AHN 990 has hexagonal symmetry a = b = 15.7 nm and a thickness of 13 nm. The
      resolutions in the reconstructions were 2.5 nm and 1.8 nm, respectively. The
      reconstruction of the S-layer of strain ES4C reveals a distinct domain structure:
      a major tetramer, arms connecting adjacent unit cells, and a minor tetramer. The
      S-layer of strain AHN 990, on the other hand, has a rather complex arrangement,
      centred around the six-fold axis.

PMID- 3367786
TI  - Preparation and administration of chemotherapy. Haematological consequences for
      hospital-based nurses.
AB  - This study examined the question of whether previous exposure to cytostatic drugs
      by oncology nurses was sufficient to lead to haematological phenotypical
      subclinical abnormalities which had previously been identified in a population of
      patients who had received chemotherapy as an adjuvant to breast surgery. A
      comparison of baseline haematological parameters, and the results of a
      prednisolone stimulation test, was made between nurses regularly coming into
      contact with such agents and age-adjusted group of nurses who had not been
      exposed. Although there is a persistent trend toward lower neutrophils,
      platelets, monocytes and neutrophil reserves in the nurses who handled
      antineoplastic agents, a statistically significant decrement in these parameters
      was not identified. Such a finding should help to reassure individuals who have
      had similar exposure, but does not negate the importance of following published
      recommended guidelines for the handling and dispensing of antineoplastic agents.

PMID- 3367790
TI  - Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis,
      and blood lipids.

PMID- 3367788
TI  - Secondary hyperparathyroidism of morbid obesity regresses during weight
      reduction.
AB  - In order to test the relation between obesity and the secondary
      hyperparathyroidism found in markedly overweight subjects, 24 morbidly obese
      patients were studied before and after a weight loss of 35.9 kg obtained by a
      nutritionally adequate, intermittent very-low-calorie diet. Overweight was
      reduced from 98 +/- 34% to 44 +/- 19%. Serum total calcium did not change, but
      serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) increased from 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/L to 1.25 +/- 0.04
      mmol/L (P less than .001). A corresponding fall was observed in serum parathyroid
      hormone (s-PTH), which decreased from 47.2 +/- 21.7 pmol/L to 35.2 +/- 19.4
      pmol/L (P = .01). The change of s-PTH was positively associated with the
      reduction of body weight (r = .50, P less than .05) and with the reduction of
      overweight (r = .55, P less than .01). Regarding calcium binding substances,
      serum albumin remained low. The initially lowered serum phosphate and bicarbonate
      both rose (P less than .001). Plasma lactate and plasma free fatty acids (FFAs)
      decreased (P less than .001). The study supports our hypothesis that the change
      profile of calcium complexing anions in obesity interferes with the tubular
      reabsorption of calcium, which in turn lowers serum Ca2+, thus promoting
      hyperparathyroidism. Along with weight loss, concentrations of calcium complexing
      anions returns towards normal values and the secondary hyperparathyroidism
      regresses.

PMID- 3367787
TI  - Pemoline-induced choreoathetosis and rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - Pemoline is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic with actions similar to
      amphetamine and methylphenidate. While choreoathetosis is a well-recognised
      complication of acute or chronic amphetamine abuse, only 3 previous case reports
      have implicated pemoline in such a movement disorder. We report a 49-year-old man
      who developed severe choreoathetosis with rhabdomyolysis after markedly
      increasing his intake of pemoline. Abnormal movements responded to diazepam and
      completely resolved over 48 hours. He made a complete recovery with supportive
      care. This is only the second case of pemoline-induced choreoathetosis in an
      adult reported in the English literature, and the first case of rhabdomyolysis
      and myoglobinuria complicating choreoathetosis.

PMID- 3367789
TI  - Resting energy expenditure, body composition, and excess weight in the obese.
AB  - This study investigated differences between measured and predicted resting energy
      expenditure (REE) in 80 women who averaged 104.6 kg in weight and were 49 kg and
      88% overweight. Body composition analysis showed that 68% of the excess weight
      was fat and 32% was fat-free mass (FFM). Normalized for height, total body
      potassium (TBK) was 113 +/- 15% and total body water (TBW) was 133 +/- 21% of
      values in nonobese controls. The health of the FFM, defined as the potassium
      content per kg of FFM, was 84 +/- 13% of normal. Measured and predicted REE were
      only modestly related (r = +.59), and only 59% of measured REEs were within 10%
      of predicted values. A stepwise multiple regression indicated that weight was the
      single best predictor of measured REE and that the size of the FFM made a
      significantly greater contribution to REE than did the size of the fat mass.
      Commonly used equations for the prediction of REE are not appropriate for
      moderately or severely obese patients. Caloric prescription for weight reduction
      must be tailored to individuals rather than recommending the same caloric intake
      to persons with varying metabolic rates.

PMID- 3367791
TI  - Diagnostic value of a coagglutination procedure using monoclonal antibodies to
      Bacteroides gingivalis.
AB  - A specific monoclonal antibody against Bacteroides gingivalis was bound to
      particles coated with protein A and evaluated for use in a coagglutination test.
      B. gingivalis was the only organism tested which gave a specific positive
      reaction with the CoA reagent. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 217
      patients diagnosed as having periodontitis. Organisms that gave biochemical
      reactions which indicated they were B. gingivalis were isolated from eleven of
      the 217 gingival pockets. These eleven strains were the only organisms which gave
      a positive reaction using the CoA test.

PMID- 3367792
TI  - Vasomotion patterns in skeletal muscle arterioles during changes in arterial
      pressure.
AB  - The effects of stepwise reductions of arterial pressure on arteriolar diameter
      and on vasomotion patterns in the rabbit tenuissimus muscle were investigated in
      eight New Zealand White rabbits (0.8-1.2 kg) anesthetized with 20% urethane. The
      vasomotor activity of 13 bifurcations, where first-order terminal arterioles
      branch from a transverse arteriole, was recorded by video microscopy and related
      to the pressures in the femoral artery. The arterial pressure was lowered in
      steps by partial occlusion of the abdominal aorta. Changes of mean diameter due
      to reduced perfusion pressures were most pronounced in transverse arterioles.
      Dilation in terminal arterioles at reduced arterial pressures did not exceed
      resting condition vasomotion peak diameters. Regular vasomotion in the terminal
      arterioles was intercalated with periods of no vasoactivity which became
      progressively longer when perfusion pressure was reduced. The oscillation
      frequency was maintained during the periods with regular vasomotion. Vasomotion
      ceased in transverse and terminal arterioles at arterial pressures between 50 and
      30 mm Hg. During reactive hyperemia vasomotion reappeared after 0.5 to 4 min with
      the original fundamental frequency. We postulate that vasomotion in terminal
      arterioles is due to a vascular pacemaker which acts as a local oscillator that
      can be influenced by perfusion pressure in an on/off-type fashion. The pacemaker
      oscillation frequency is constant and independent of myogenic factors.

PMID- 3367793
TI  - The effect of varying albumin concentration of the hydraulic conductivity of the
      rabbit common carotid artery.
AB  - Rabbit common carotid arteries were cannulated in situ, after ligation of their
      branches, and transferred to a perfusion apparatus in such a way that they were
      maintained at their physiological dimensions and the endothelium remained intact.
      The vessels were pressurized to 150 cm H2O with Krebs solution and the wall
      smooth muscle was relaxed with 10(-4) M NaNO2. The rate of inflow of perfusate
      into the vessels was measured by following the movement of a bubble in a
      calibrated capillary which, when steady, was taken to indicate the transmural
      filtration rate. The filtration rate was 1.48 +/- 0.26 X 10(-6) cm sec-1 (11)
      (mean, SD, n) with 1 g/dl bovine serum albumin in Krebs solution. The values with
      0, 4, 7, and 10 g/dl, normalized by the 1 g/dl value were 1.38 +/- 0.16 (7), 0.80
      +/- 0.05 (9), 0.65 +/- 0.03 (8), and 0.47 +/- 0.06 (9), respectively. The
      hydraulic conductivity of the wall was also found to depend on perfusate albumin
      concentration. The 1 g/dl value was 0.92 +/- 0.17 X 10(-8) cm sec-1 (cm H2O)-1
      (11) and the values with 0, 4, 7 and 10 g/dl normalized by the 1 g/dl value were
      1.35 +/- 0.16 (7), 0.87 +/- 0.06 (9), 0.81 +/- 0.03 (8), and 0.72 +/- 0.06 (9),
      respectively. The findings were analyzed in relation to models involving
      interaction of albumin with the endothelial glycocalyx, concentration
      polarization at the blood/wall interface, dependence of flux on solvent viscosity
      and dependence of the porosity of the wall interstitium on solvent flux. Both
      concentration polarization and variation of the porosity of the wall interstitium
      provide reasonable quantitative explanations for the findings.

PMID- 3367795
TI  - Initial lymphatics are present in the loose areolar connective tissue of the
      golden hamster's cheek pouch.
AB  - The immunologically privileged status of the hamster cheek pouch has been
      attributed to both the loose, areolar connective tissue that lines the pouch and
      to the lack of lymphatics in it. Although early reports described an absence of
      demonstrable lymphatics by classical histologic and lymphangiographic methods,
      issue has been taken recently as to whether the cheek pouch is alymphatic. We
      became interested in this issue accidentally during a study of microembolic
      microvascular injury. Our results, which were obtained by coordinated use of
      intravital, light, and transmission electron microscopy, showed that a small
      population of initial lymphatics are present in the loose, areolar connective
      tissue. The areal density of initial lymphatics in 12 cheek pouches averaged 1.5
      lymphatics/cm2 of pouch connective tissue. We conclude that the hamster cheek
      pouch is drained by a small population of initial lymphatics, the general paucity
      of which probably contributes to the delayed egress of antigens to regional lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 3367794
TI  - Topographical specificity in isolated retinal capillary basement membranes: a
      high-resolution scanning electron microscope analysis.
AB  - Numerous investigations have demonstrated that basement membranes (BMs) are
      composed of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, nidogen, and
      possibly fibronectin. The precise proportion and supramolecular organization of
      these molecules within BMs is unclear, but is believed to be tissue-specific. In
      an effort to provide morphological evidence for BM specificity, we studied
      isolated bovine retinal capillary BMs by high-resolution SEM. Cryofractured
      specimens demonstrated that surfaces of BM leaflets and pericytic matrix (PCM)
      within the retinal capillary BM complex are composed of 20- to 100-nm granules
      and beaded fibrils arranged in patterns which are specific for each cell type.
      Subendothelial BMs and the subjacent PCM are composed of 20- to 30-nm granules
      loosely arranged and marked by numerous pits, features that are consistent with
      their TEM morphology and known susceptibility to proteolytic attack. These BMs
      also frequently exhibit large openings or fenestrations. These compare favorably
      with their fragmented image by TEM and probably represent BM discontinuities
      necessary for direct contact of pericytes and endothelial cells. Muller cell BMs
      are also composed of granules though they are much larger (40-100 nm) and more
      densely packed then those of subendothelial BMs. Moreover, they frequently
      contain interstitial collagen fibrils which could account for the tube-like
      structural rigidity exhibited by acellular retinal vessel BMs in SEM views. Data
      in the current study provide morphological evidence for direct contact of
      pericytes and endothelial cells in vivo and support the view that tissue
      specificity of BMs may be more exquisite than previously believed, extending even
      to surface topography of BM leaflets within capillary BM complexes.

PMID- 3367798
TI  - Lies, damn lies and--!

PMID- 3367796
TI  - Isolation and separation of fenestrated and continuous capillary endothelium by
      using magnetic beads.

PMID- 3367797
TI  - Maternity care in China.

PMID- 3367799
TI  - "Une belle aventure".

PMID- 3367801
TI  - On the road.

PMID- 3367800
TI  - The need for restraint.

PMID- 3367802
TI  - Health for all--all for health. Building a healthy life.

PMID- 3367803
TI  - Study tour to India.

PMID- 3367804
TI  - A birth in Bangladesh.

PMID- 3367805
TI  - The role of the primitive sea in the natural selection of iodides as a regulating
      factor in inflammation.
AB  - Iodides have many non-endocrine biologic effects, including a role they play in
      the physiology of the inflammatory response. Iodides when given systemically or
      applied locally increase the movement of granulocytes into areas of inflammation.
      They improve the phagocytosis of bacteria by granulocytes and the ability of
      granulocytes to kill bacteria. They alter native protein to make it more
      susceptible to enzymes produced by granulocytes. They increase glandular
      secretions and make mast cells more labile. They concentrate around tumors and
      granulomas in man and animals. They also move into areas of tissue injury. When
      iodide is redistributing around sites of tumors or injuries there is decreased
      thyroid uptake and decreased renal excretion. The multiple effects of iodides
      have suggested that iodide may have a physiological role in inflammation. Iodides
      were once used widely in medicine, especially before a cure for syphilis.
      Understanding the many known effects of iodides requires crossing multiple
      fields. The purpose of this paper is to propose that the rising iodide content of
      the primitive sea played a role in the natural selection of a system which helped
      the organism recover from tissue injury or invasion. As primative life forms
      underwent mutations those with a defense system more responsive to environmental
      factors, such as iodide, had the best chance of survival. It was important for a
      defense system to move to any point of surface injury. The diverse biologic
      effects of iodides suggest a very primative role. This effect was so important
      that it was later internalized so that today iodides are concentrated in the host
      around sites of injury or tumor growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3367806
TI  - The origin of tooth number of the human deciduous dentition: a hypothesis.
AB  - The constant number of 5 teeth per quadrant in the human deciduous dentition is
      seen to be a result of the mitotic activity within the dental lamina which leads
      to a constant number of centers in which cells are compressed together. These
      centers in which, due to the compression, the cells become narrow and cylindrical
      and, due to subsequent bulging, wedge-shaped, are the prerequisite for the
      formation of the constant number of five tooth buds per quadrant.

PMID- 3367807
TI  - Age-dependent deterioration of neuronal membranes and the pathogenesis of
      Alzheimer's disease: a hypothesis.
AB  - Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is considered either a specific
      pathological condition unrelated to normal aging or an accumulation of brain
      aging alterations leading to clinical dysfunction. In the present paper a
      hypothesis is formulated to reconcile these two issues to a common denominator,
      i.e. the increased age-dependent deterioration of the neuronal membrane. If this
      holds true, normal aging and SDAT may be considered as two different aspects of
      the same problem and specific interventions to slow down the former can delay the
      onset of the latter to older ages.

PMID- 3367808
TI  - Adaptation of anticancer strategies to progress in tumor immunology.
AB  - The numerical development of cancer cells during tumor growth and under current
      forms of therapy is quantitatively described as a fundamental of a scientifically
      founded anticancer strategy. As to general cancer prevention, suppression of
      metastasis and reduction of recurrencies, figures are derived, which allow one to
      assess the minimal number of malignant cells to be killed. The killing potency of
      current tumor-immunological measures has not so far been sufficient enough to
      have a good chance of achieving these ambitious goals. The main reason for this
      is the neglect of the oxygen status of the body and its dynamics. This is a
      surprising fact, since all immunological mechanisms are known to be energy-,
      i.e., oxygen-dependent. The experimentally confirmed correlation between the
      effectiveness of body defense and the quality of the oxygen status was the origin
      of several variants of the oxygen multistep immunostimulation concept
      (application of immunostimulators combined with the oxygen multistep therapy).
      Clinical results reflect the remarkable increase of cell-killing potency
      achievable by these measures and give reasons for the adaptation of anticancer
      strategies to progress in tumor immunology. Furthermore, real methodological
      proposals are made for general cancer prevention, suppression of metastasis, and
      reduction of recurrences, and the concept of a combined therapy is developed.
      This therapy comprises the currently accepted measures, such as surgery,
      irradiation and drugs, and the adjuvant O2 multistep immunostimulation, which is
      applied threefold according to a particular schedule. The advantage of this
      combination is that the patient comes first into the enjoyment of all the
      beneficial effects that established regimens can offer for the particular case.
      Then and moreover, the patient gains better quality of life, because the adverse
      side-effects of radiation and drugs are attenuated and, finally, the individual
      gets a fair chance of stopping the progression of the disease.

PMID- 3367809
TI  - The role of unnatural dietary trans and cis unsaturated fatty acids in the
      epidemiology of coronary artery disease.
AB  - During 1956 the first report on the hypocholesterolemic effect of unsaturated
      fatty acids of plant and marine origin was published in The Lancet. Consequently
      it was stated in a Lancet Editorial that hydrogenation of vegetable oils could
      have contributed to the causation of coronary artery disease and predicted that a
      decade would probably be required to resolve this question. However, after the
      lapse of three decades this issue would appear to be no nearer to a clear answer
      now than it was then. During 1956 hydrogenation was assumed to effect only a
      reduction in the level of unsaturated fatty acids in the products produced from
      hydrogenated oils. However, since that time essential fatty acid metabolic
      pathways to eicosanoids were discovered and described. Also large quantities of
      unnatural trans and cis unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to form during
      hydrogenation and these occur in margarines and many other common foods in high
      concentrations. It has also been shown that these unnatural trans and cis fatty
      acids block essential fatty acid metabolism by the competitive inhibition of the
      desaturase enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Therefore some of the possible metabolic
      mechanisms whereby "hydrogenation plants could have contributed to the causation
      of a major disease" have become clearer during the last three decades. Despite a
      recent conclusion by an ad hoc FDA panel that there need be little concern about
      the effects of trans fatty acids in the American diet on health, it is
      nevertheless proposed that on the basis of available evidence, unnatural dietary
      trans and cis unsaturated fatty acid isomers should be regarded as a definite
      risk factor in the etiology of coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3367810
TI  - Renal duality, hypotheses concerning the release mechanism of a compensating
      hyperfunction.
AB  - In this study, after having formed the hypothesis of the existence of a
      "Compensating Center" (cerebral?) that orders the increase in the function of one
      kidney in case of deterioration of its congener, we propose two mechanisms that
      may lead to the activation of this Center. The first may be the difference
      between the sum of the existing functions of the two kidneys and the total normal
      function; the second, the difference between the arithmetic or quadratic averages
      of the existing total functions and the arithmetic or quadratic (identical at
      this time) normal average.

PMID- 3367811
TI  - The etiopathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome as a consequence of altered blood
      rheology: a new hypothesis.
AB  - The multisystem symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the variable nature of
      their occurrence and their relatively rapid disappearance with the onset of
      bleeding are highly suggestive of a systemic factor as the causal agent of the
      disorder. Reports of increased blood viscosity and enhanced red blood cell (RBC)
      hydration provide a basis for proposing that PMS is the consequence of an
      aberration of the change in blood viscosity which occurs in the third week of the
      normal menstrual cycle. The seriousness of the viscosity-impaired capillary blood
      flow will be greatest in organs and capillary beds with the smallest capillaries.
      Such an assumption implies that those women who suffer from PMS will be
      individuals whose capillaries are smaller in size than non-sufferers. The
      frequency of occurrence of fluid retention as a symptom suggests that the
      specific etiologic agent could be a reduction in RBC deformability as a
      consequence of impaired linoleic acid metabolism or high levels of noradrenaline
      or hypothyroidism or combinations of the three factors. If poorly deformable RBCs
      are involved then the use of agents such as evening primrose oil or fish oil to
      improve RBC deformability could ameliorate the symptoms of PMS. It is speculated
      that similar changes in RBC deformability should occur at other times of hormonal
      change. Health problems occurring during pregnancy, or after parturition, or
      after cessation of ovarian function might be caused by or exacerbated by reduced
      RBC deformability.

PMID- 3367812
TI  - Aging: a non-regulated process.
AB  - Aging is a non-regulated process. This perspective on aging derives primarily
      from the observation that all known regulated systems are subjected to
      aberration, whereas aging, and its ultimate phase death, is not. Moreover, within
      the same species, the cause of death of an individual varies widely, which again
      bespeaks against a regulatory mechanism. Rejuvenation, the antidote to aging and
      the essence of immortality, is exercised in the lowest animals, such as protozoa,
      but is suppressed in the developed animal, including man, where aging is
      irreversible and death is inevitable. Also introduced is the exhaustion theory
      for the process of aging which predicts that with advancing age there occur a
      progressive accumulation of metabolic-derived insults which act to gradually
      exhaust (age) the biological systems, and consequently cause the animal's death.

PMID- 3367813
TI  - Dietary fat and natural killer cell activity.
AB  - Evidence from a number of sources implicates dietary fat in the etiology of
      various human cancers. We hypothesize a possible mechanism by which fat might
      increase tumorigenesis. Specifically, we discuss the connection between
      polyunsaturated fatty acids, prostaglandin synthesis, and the potential effect on
      Natural Killer (NK) cell activity. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-induced increases
      in series-2 prostaglandin synthesis could result in depressing NK-cell activity.
      As the first line of defense against tumor cells, NK-cell function may be
      particularly important in modifying cancer risk.

PMID- 3367814
TI  - Deep heat in the treatment of inflammatory joint disease.
AB  - There is now a growing body of clinical evidence suggesting a therapeutic
      approach to cancer and prostatic hypertrophy by using hyperthermia. It is
      proposed that such a hyperthermic modality can produce thermal synovectomy in
      inflammatory arthritis. Heating the joint cavity up to 42 deg C can inhibit the
      enzymatic effect of collagenase, oxygenase, and other enzymes playing a role in
      the inflammatory process. If this hypothesis is correct, therapeutic intervention
      using hyperthermia may offer hope for the treatment of isolated inflammatory
      joint diseases.

PMID- 3367815
TI  - Trade in human tissue needs regulation.

PMID- 3367816
TI  - Parasitic infections of refugees.
AB  - The Victorian refugee screening programme, in contrast to similar programmes
      elsewhere in Australia, includes an examination for faecal parasites. The results
      of such screening at Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital for the 16-month
      period December 1, 1984-March 31, 1986 are presented. For most of the population
      groups that were studied, there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasites,
      which often warranted treatment. Additionally, marked differences were noted
      among the nationalities in the range of parasites that was detected. This
      information is of particular importance for those who are delivering health
      services to members of these different ethnic communities, especially in other
      states where screening is less comprehensive.

PMID- 3367817
TI  - The diagnosis and treatment of impotence. Impotence Study Group of Western
      Australia.
AB  - The management of 745 impotent men is described. Assessment consisted of history
      taking, physical examination, biochemical screening, nocturnal penile tumescence
      studies and appropriate radiological studies. Based on the results of the
      nocturnal penile tumescence studies, impotence could then be classified as
      organic (52% of men), psychogenic (34% of men), mixed (11% of men) or of unknown
      aetiology (3% of men). Treatment options included: sexual counselling, hormonal
      replacement therapy, the intracavernosal injection of drugs to induce an
      artificial erection, ligation of the dorsal penile vein and penile implantation
      surgery.

PMID- 3367818
TI  - A new method of endometrial cytological sampling--the Gynoscann: a comparison
      with Vabra curettage.
AB  - A new method of outpatient endometrial sampling--the Gynoscann--has been
      evaluated in a pilot study by comparing it with Vabra curettage. This method was
      well tolerated by patients, and produced samples that were similar to or better
      than those from Vabra curettage. We recommend that sampling by the Gynoscann be
      considered as the first investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding.

PMID- 3367819
TI  - Resolution of neurotoxicity with anticholinesterase therapy in death-adder
      envenomation.
AB  - A case of the reversal of death-adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) neurotoxicity by
      treatment with neostigmine methylsulphate in a Papua New Guinean villager is
      described. While antivenom remains the mainstay in the treatment of snake-bite
      envenomation, the possible role of anticholinesterase therapy for death-adder
      bites in Papua New Guinea is discussed. In addition, some problems with first-aid
      management are outlined.

PMID- 3367820
TI  - Autologous fat injection and breast augmentation.

PMID- 3367821
TI  - Free radicals in coffee, but not in tea?

PMID- 3367822
TI  - Modification of cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 3367824
TI  - The clinical problems of the elderly.

PMID- 3367823
TI  - Risk-factor levels and the MONICA study.

PMID- 3367825
TI  - Euthanasia again: going Dutch.

PMID- 3367827
TI  - Lens implantation in cataract surgery.

PMID- 3367826
TI  - The ethics of coercion.

PMID- 3367828
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus and erythromycin resistance in childhood pyoderma.

PMID- 3367829
TI  - Goitre and student examinations.

PMID- 3367831
TI  - Certificates of unfitness to work.

PMID- 3367830
TI  - Calcium carbonate tablets.

PMID- 3367832
TI  - Personal health record.

PMID- 3367833
TI  - The health needs of victims of torture.

PMID- 3367834
TI  - Pneumoconiosis in the Pilbara iron-ore industry.

PMID- 3367835
TI  - Hazards of attempted weight loss.

PMID- 3367836
TI  - Dieting and slimming practices of South Australian women.
AB  - A random population survey of 406 Adelaide women who were aged 18 to 86 years,
      which was conducted in July, 1986, showed that in the previous year 68% of the
      women had exercised, 38% of the women had dieted, 15% of the women had fasted,
      10% of the women had taken slimming tablets, 6% of the women had used diuretic
      agents and 3% of the women had used laxative agents in order to reduce or to
      control their weight. At the time of the survey 43% of women (60% of overweight
      women and 34% of non-overweight women) were attempting to lose weight. The most
      common reasons for wishing to lose weight were: to feel better (75% of women); to
      look better (65% of women); and health or medical reasons (33% of women). In
      addition, a majority of the women were dissatisfied with the shape of their
      stomach, hips, midriff, waist, thighs and buttocks. The family doctor, books and
      magazines acted as the major sources of information on dieting and weight
      control. However, most of the women felt that their doctors did not provide them
      with enough advice on this topic, and the women were almost unanimous in their
      criticism of the preoccupation of magazines with slimness. The results suggest
      that health professionals need to provide women with more advice on safe weight
      control strategies and sensible body-weight goals.

PMID- 3367837
TI  - Legibility of health warnings on billboards that advertise cigarettes.
AB  - At present only subjective criteria exist to determine the legibility of health
      warnings on billboards that display advertisements for cigarettes. We constructed
      a set of objective standards and used them to assess the legibility of warnings
      on a sample of 37 billboards in Perth, Western Australia. The three features that
      were analysed were the apparent size of the letters, the colour contrast between
      the letters and their background, and the obliqueness of the message. We also
      compared the size and legibility of the health warning with that of the brand
      name. Health warnings were not legible to passing motorists in 51% of cases and
      not legible to motorists who were stopped at nearby intersections in 74% of
      cases, whereas almost all the brand names could be read easily. These results
      indicate that the present system of voluntary regulation of advertisements for
      cigarettes has failed to ensure that health warnings on billboards are legible.
      For health warnings on advertisements to have any useful effect it is essential
      that they are legible. The only way to ensure legibility is to adopt objective
      requirements for it.

PMID- 3367838
TI  - The low risk of suicide among the Yolngu of the Northern Territory: the
      traditional aboriginal pattern.
AB  - The recorded causes of all deaths among the Yolngu group of Aborigines for a 30
      year period show only two cases of suicide. This confirms the low incidence that
      has been noted in other Aboriginal communities where the traditional values
      remain strong.

PMID- 3367839
TI  - Rehabilitation of refugee victims of torture and trauma: principles and service
      provision in New South Wales.
AB  - A number of recently-arrived refugees who are suffering from psychological
      disturbances and physical injuries that have resulted from torture or severe
      trauma has come to the attention of welfare workers and health personnel in New
      South Wales. A tentative estimate of more than 2000 refugees in New South Wales
      who are so affected, and clear evidence of extensive human rights abuses in the
      countries from which they came, indicate an urgent need for specialized care for
      the victims. Organized violence, including detention, torture and severe
      deprivation, is a tool of governments in many countries of the world. The varied
      forms of torture are all designed to destroy the trust, personality and self
      esteem of the victims and to foster dependency, debility and dread, both in the
      victims and in the societies in which they live. Those persons who survive
      torture and detention often are affected severely in body, mind and spirit. Many
      victims exhibit acute and chronic symptoms that are described commonly by the
      diagnostic categories "post-traumatic stress disorder" and "torture syndrome".
      Their kin, especially spouses and children, also suffer psychological and
      familial disturbances frequently, as a result of the arrest, detention and
      torture of the victim. Their suffering is compounded by the distress of fleeing
      their home country and the stresses of adjusting to a new country and way of
      life. In Europe and North America, services have been established to treat and to
      rehabilitate sufferers of these disorders. Treatment programmes differ in
      structure and size, but include commonly psychotherapy, physiotherapy,
      specialized medical care and parallel assistance with resettlement and social
      adjustment for both the patients and their families. This article cites
      illustrative case material from New South Wales and summarizes the
      recommendations for a community-based rehabilitation service for victims both of
      torture and of other forms of organized violence, such as detention in "re
      education" camps or the genocide in Kampuchea.

PMID- 3367840
TI  - Children of apartheid: a generation at risk.
AB  - In recent years, large numbers of South African children have been the target of
      state-sanctioned abuse, including imprisonment in adult gaols. In spite of the
      restrictions on the gathering and dissemination of information in South Africa,
      reports from diverse sources have provided evidence that detainees as young as 11
      years of age are subjected to unsanitary and crowded prison conditions, near
      starvation diets, intimidation and torture. The immediate and potential long-term
      effects of this political abuse of children should be of great concern to the
      medical community.

PMID- 3367841
TI  - Changing concepts in the management of epithelial ovarian and cervical cancers.

PMID- 3367842
TI  - Myocardial infarction after electrocution.
AB  - A case of acute anterior myocardial infarction in a 16-year-old boy who suffered
      electrocution is described. In spite of extensive electrocardiographic changes of
      transmural (Q-wave) infarction, left ventricular function was preserved well.
      Coronary angiography subsequently revealed normal coronary arteries.

PMID- 3367843
TI  - Reaping the grim results.

PMID- 3367844
TI  - AIDS paranoia.

PMID- 3367845
TI  - Mammography at the crossroads.

PMID- 3367846
TI  - Synchronous radiation and chemotherapy.

PMID- 3367847
TI  - Man's best friend.

PMID- 3367848
TI  - Advertising insert on "The specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery".

PMID- 3367849
TI  - Are herbal remedies safe?

PMID- 3367850
TI  - Statistical report 1987. Medical Examiner Division, Commonwealth of Virginia.

PMID- 3367851
TI  - A pathologist's experience of terrorist violence.

PMID- 3367852
TI  - The Hippocractic oath--its relevance today.

PMID- 3367853
TI  - The life and work of a circuit judge.

PMID- 3367854
TI  - Cefuroxime axetil.

PMID- 3367855
TI  - Perinatal toxicity of cocaine.

PMID- 3367857
TI  - [Blood-sucking mosquitoes (Culicidae, Diptera) in Kindia Province (Republic of
      Guinea). The genus Culex].

PMID- 3367856
TI  - [Effect of the conditions for mosquito larval development on their sensitivity to
      bacterial insecticides].

PMID- 3367858
TI  - [Factors determining the fecundity of the housefly Musca domestica L].

PMID- 3367859
TI  - [Schematic outline for integrating methods of controlling disease vectors and
      blood-sucking pests].

PMID- 3367860
TI  - [Behavior of rat fleas after the death of the host (towards an improvement in the
      method of counting rat fleas)].

PMID- 3367861
TI  - [Development of methods for an absolute count of the population of ixodid ticks
      in open landscapes. 1. Absolute count of the population of the hungry adult
      Dermacentor nuttalli Olen, 1929 in the steppe zone of the Transbaikalia].

PMID- 3367862
TI  - [Role of the food hosts of adult Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. ticks in circulating
      the tick-borne encephalitis virus].

PMID- 3367863
TI  - [Immunological status of the population of the southern districts of Krasnoyarsk
      Territory with regard to tick-borne encephalitis].

PMID- 3367864
TI  - [Basic stages in a study of biohelminthiases and their control in Sverdlovsk
      Province].

PMID- 3367865
TI  - [Epidemiological characteristics of diphyllobothriasis in southwestern Siberia
      and its prevention. 1. Distribution and comparative epidemiological
      characteristics of diphyllobothriasis foci].

PMID- 3367866
TI  - [Initial experience in the use of praziquantel on an outpatient basis in a focus
      of opisthorchiasis in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 3367867
TI  - [Simulation of the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis. 2. The development of a
      model for use in the USSR].

PMID- 3367868
TI  - [Cryobank for Leishmania in the E. I. Martsinovskii Institute of Medical
      Parasitology and Tropical Medicine].

PMID- 3367870
TI  - [Data on the nutritional spectrum of black fly larvae].

PMID- 3367871
TI  - [Further comment on the hyperdiagnosis of toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3367872
TI  - Monitoring aspects of an ultrasonic esophageal transducer. Initial experience.
AB  - A method of semi-automatic contour detection is described using a commercial
      (Kontron) image analysis instrument. Input data consists of high-quality
      transesophageal echocardiograms of short-axis left ventricular cross-sections.
      The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of such a method for the
      quantitative monitoring of the dynamic behaviour of the left ventricle during
      high risk surgery. From the first experience it is authors' impression that the
      automatically derived contour depends strongly on the selected algorithm
      parameters. Therefore derivation of absolute measurements from these contours
      seems problematic. Automatic contour detection seems much better fit for
      monitoring situations, where the patient acts as his own reference and there is
      no need to change the algorithm parameters.

PMID- 3367869
TI  - [Distribution of Anopheles messeae Fall. in the Sayan reservoir during its
      filling. The ecological characteristics of this species].

PMID- 3367873
TI  - Design and construction of an esophageal phased array probe.
AB  - The clinical urge for echocardiographic data from patients with inadequate image
      quality at the precordial examination has initiated the development of
      transesophageal scanning techniques. The orientation of heart structures with
      respect to the transducer position in the esophagus, the absence of interfering
      structures in the soundbeam and the constraints imposed by the anatomy of the
      esophagus result in a different set of parameters for the optimization of the
      transducer and its assembly. In this article, the design and construction of a
      miniaturized 5 MHz phased array transducer optimized for transesophageal scanning
      is described. Relevant parameters and their influence on the design will be
      discussed, such as: bandwidth, sensitivity, resolution (in three dimensions),
      focal depth and the production method.

PMID- 3367874
TI  - [In suspected bronchial cancer are the tumor markers neuron-specific enolase,
      carcinoembryonic antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen, of diagnostic
      help?].

PMID- 3367875
TI  - [Induced aggregation ex vivo in mandibular surgical interventions with preventive
      use of Optocillin].

PMID- 3367876
TI  - [Bronchial hyperreactivity: pingpong between cells, nerves and mediators].

PMID- 3367877
TI  - [Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver 39 years following one-time
      thorotrast administration].

PMID- 3367878
TI  - [Primary Enterobacter cloacae bacteremia with complicating splenic abscess].

PMID- 3367879
TI  - [Indications and possibilities for using an insulin injection device in the
      treatment of type II diabetes mellitus with intermediate insulin].

PMID- 3367881
TI  - Second Pan Arab Congress of Anesthesia and Intensive Care. Cairo, 1-4 December
      1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3367880
TI  - [Visceral prolapse caused by congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia in
      the adult (Bochdalek's hernia)].

PMID- 3367882
TI  - Differential lung ventilation during thoracotomy.
AB  - The effect of differential lung ventilation on arterial PO2 and PCO2 was compared
      to that achieved during one-lung ventilation in 8 patients undergoing
      thoracotomy. In all patients, OLV of the dependent lung, while collapsing the
      nondependent lung, was associated with lowering of the arterial PO2. DLV using a
      special double-lumen tube adaptor was then initiated; the dependent lung was
      preferentially ventilated by 75-80% of the tidal volume, while the nondependent
      lung on the operative side was only ventilated by 20-25% of the tidal volume. DLV
      improved oxygenation and maintained adequate carbon dioxide elimination, with
      minimal inflation of the nondependent lung into the surgical field. DLV may be
      used to increase oxygenation whenever conventional OLV is associated with
      hypoxemia despite the use of 100% oxygen.

PMID- 3367883
TI  - Oculocardiac reflex during excision of periorbital tumor--a case report.
AB  - The occurrence of oculocardiac reflex causing severe bradycardia and hypotension
      during the excision of a large, hemorrhagic, periorbital tumor in a 66 year old
      male is presented. The reflex occurred despite complete destruction of the eye by
      the tumor. Intravenous atropine, 0.5 mg, restored both the heart rate and blood
      pressure and prevented further occurrence of the reflex during the rest of the
      operation.

PMID- 3367885
TI  - [Again on the subject of arterial hypertension caused by the chronic cutaneous
      application of mineralocorticoids].

PMID- 3367884
TI  - XYY syndrome. A report of juvenile case.

PMID- 3367886
TI  - [Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367887
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of microcirculatory changes in diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367888
TI  - [Proliferative retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Risk factors].

PMID- 3367890
TI  - [Diagnostic aspects of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367889
TI  - [Diabetic retinopathy: classification and screening methods].

PMID- 3367891
TI  - [Complications of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367892
TI  - [Photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367893
TI  - [Metabolic compensation and the development of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 3367894
TI  - [Microangiopathy complications and metabolic control in diabetic disease].

PMID- 3367895
TI  - One caretaker's challenge.

PMID- 3367896
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes. A cause of unexplained death in low-risk patients?

PMID- 3367897
TI  - Support groups important.

PMID- 3367898
TI  - Results of needle-directed biopsies of mammographically detected lesions in a
      community hospital.

PMID- 3367900
TI  - Continuing education: a review of changes.

PMID- 3367899
TI  - Continuing education: whose responsibility?

PMID- 3367901
TI  - Modulation of rabbit and human hepatic cytochrome P-450-catalyzed steroid
      hydroxylations by alpha-naphthoflavone.
AB  - Rifampicin induces cytochrome P-450 3c, progesterone 16 alpha- and 6 beta
      hydroxylation, 17 beta-estradiol 2-hydroxylation, benzo[a] pyrene hydroxylation,
      and erythromycin N-demethylation in rabbit liver microsomes. Kinetic analysis of
      the 6 beta-hydroxylation of progesterone as catalyzed by liver microsomes
      prepared from rifampicin-treated B/J rabbits exhibits a curvilinear double
      reciprocal plot, suggestive of substrate activation. Further experimentation
      demonstrated that alpha-naphthoflavone could augment the catalytic efficiency
      [Vmax/Km] observed for the 16 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxylation of progesterone and
      the 2-hydroxylation of 17 beta-estradiol, whereas erythromycin N-demethylase
      activity was partially inhibited. Allosteric activation of these steroid
      hydroxylases by alpha-naphthoflavone is also found for human liver microsomes,
      indicating that the activation of these enzymes is conserved in man and rabbit.

PMID- 3367902
TI  - Interaction of the antifolate antibiotic trimethoprim with phosphatidylcholine
      membranes: a 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study.
AB  - The interaction of the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor trimethoprim
      with small unilamellar 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine vesicles
      was studied using 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In an effort to determine whether
      trimethoprim passively permeates the vesicle membrane, an impermeant, anionic
      complex of the paramagnetic ion Dy3+ was added to the extravesicular compartment.
      Based on the downfield shift that the Dy3+ complex induces in the [2-13C]
      resonance of trimethoprim in free solution, membrane permeation and movement of
      the drug into the intravesicular space can in principle be established from
      observation of the C2 chemical shift alone. In contrast to what is predicted by a
      two-compartment model separated by a semipermeable barrier, the presence of
      vesicles virtually reverses the effect of the shift reagent on the [2-13C] carbon
      resonance. These results suggest that the majority of the trimethoprim might be
      sequestered within the vesicle membrane. A saturable decrease in the spin-lattice
      relaxation time and a saturable increase in the line width at half-height of the
      [2-13C] resonance as a function of vesicle concentration indicated that
      trimethoprim does in fact bind to the phospholipid matrix of the membrane
      bilayer. The KD for the interaction calculated from the relaxation data was 9.7
      +/- 0.3 X 10(-4) M at a pH of 7.01 and an ionic strength of 0.015 M. The chemical
      shift of the [2-13C] resonance is unaffected by interaction with the
      electroneutral membrane, and the pKa increases by only 0.16 upon binding. These
      results point to an interfacial location for the pyrimidine moiety. Using the
      paramagnetic shift reagent Pr3+ and the 31P NMR signal from the phosphodiester
      groups of the membrane lipids, trimethoprim was shown to displace Pr3+ ions from
      binding sites on the outer membrane surface as would be expected if the polar
      pyrimidine ring were located at or near the membrane surface. The extent to which
      trimethoprim and trimethoprim derivatives modified in the 3'- and 4'-positions
      interact with the exo face of the membrane is strongly dependent on the type of
      substituent and whether it is in the 3'- or 4'-position. Van der Waals
      interactions between the 5-benzyl sidechain and the hydrophobic fatty acid region
      of the membrane interior appear to be necessary for the polar portion of
      trimethoprim to compete favorably for the membrane-binding site with the
      polyvalent Pr3+ ion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3367903
TI  - In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hepatic methoxyflurane metabolism.
      I. Verification and quantitation of methoxydifluoroacetate.
AB  - The elimination and metabolism of the fluorinated inhalation anesthetic
      methoxyflurane (2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl methyl ether) in rats has been
      monitored using in vivo 19F nuclear magnetic resonance at 8.45 T. The elimination
      of methoxyflurane from rat liver as measured using a surface coil is a first
      order process when measured beginning 2-3 hr after the end of methoxyflurane
      anesthesia over a period of 12 hr. The rate constant for hepatic methoxyflurane
      elimination is dependent upon the duration of anesthesia, varying from 0.24 hr-1
      for 15 min of anesthesia to 0.07 hr-1 for 1 hr of anesthesia. Methoxyflurane was
      shown to be metabolized in the liver to methoxydifluoroacetate using the surface
      coil method. No resonance for hepatic fluoride ion could be observed in vivo.
      Pure sodium methoxydifluoroacetate was synthesized in order to confirm the
      identity of the resonances in liver and urine. 19F NMR spectra of urine collected
      from anesthetized rats contain resonances for two methoxyflurane metabolites,
      methoxydifluoroacetate and inorganic fluoride. Studies with liver homogenates
      imply that fluoride is quickly cleared from the liver and eliminated from the
      body through the urine, explaining the inability to observe hepatic fluoride
      using a surface coil. The 19F NMR resonance for inorganic fluoride in urine was
      found to be broadened by interaction with metal ions, since the broadening could
      be eliminated by treatment with chelating resin.

PMID- 3367904
TI  - In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hepatic methoxyflurane metabolism.
      II. A reevaluation of hepatic metabolic pathways.
AB  - Methoxyflurane (2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-ethyl methyl ether) is believed to be
      metabolized via two convergent metabolic pathways. The relative flux through
      these two metabolic pathways has been investigated using a combination of in vivo
      surface coil NMR techniques and in vitro analyses of urinary metabolites.
      Analysis of the measured concentrations of inorganic fluoride, oxalate, and
      methoxydifluoroacetate in the urine of methoxyflurane-treated rats for 4 days
      after anesthesia indicates that the anesthetic is metabolized primarily via
      dechlorination to yield methoxydifluoroacetate. The methoxydifluoroacetate is
      largely excreted without further metabolism, although a small percentage of this
      metabolite is broken down to yield fluoride and oxalate, as determined by urine
      analysis of rats dosed with synthetic methoxydifluoroacetate. At early times
      after methoxyflurane exposure, the relative concentrations of methoxyflurane
      metabolites indicate that a significant fraction of the metabolic flux occurs via
      a different pathway, presumably demethylation, to yield dichloroacetate as an
      intermediate. Direct analysis of dichloroacetate in the urine using water
      suppressed proton NMR indicates that the level of this metabolite is below the
      detection threshold of the method. Measurements made on the urine of rats dosed
      directly with dichloroacetate indicate that this compound is quickly metabolized,
      and dichloroacetate levels in urine are again found to be below the detection
      threshold. These results demonstrate the quantitative importance of the
      dechlorination pathway in the metabolism of methoxyflurane in rats.

PMID- 3367905
TI  - Structural basis for the binding of antitumor anthracycline antibiotics to model
      membranes: circular dichroism studies.
AB  - Circular dichroism was used to compare the binding of several anthracycline
      antitumor antibiotics to sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Daunorubicin
      analogues, differing from the parent by structural changes in the amino sugar
      moiety of the molecule, were tested both with vesicles that contained negatively
      charged phospholipids and with neutral vesicles. The self-association properties
      of the analogues were also investigated. Binding to negatively charged vesicles
      was not strictly dependent on electrostatic interactions, since the
      characteristics of daunorubicin binding were totally different from those of
      Adriamycin (doxorubicin). Furthermore, the cardiotoxicity of these molecules did
      not have its origin in their quantitatively preferential electrostatic binding to
      negatively charged cardiolipin-containing membranes: DR-19, a daunorubicin
      derivative having lower cardiotoxicity than the parent compound, which bound to
      negatively charged vesicles in a manner quite similar to that of Adriamycin,
      whereas DR-10, another daunorubicin derivative with higher cardiotoxicity, bound
      poorly to negatively charged vesicles.

PMID- 3367906
TI  - Organization of multiple regulatory elements in the control region of the
      adenovirus type 2-specific VARNA1 gene: fine mapping with linker-scanning
      mutants.
AB  - The adenovirus type 2-specific virus-associated RNA 1 (VARNA1) gene is
      transcribed by eucaryotic RNA polymerase III. Previous studies using deletion
      mutants for transcription have shown that the VARNA1 gene has a large control
      region which is composed of several regulatory elements. Twenty-five exact linker
      scanning mutations in the control region, from -33 to +77, of this gene were used
      for definition of the number and boundaries of these elements. The effects of
      these mutations on transcription and competition for transcription factors in
      human KB cell extracts revealed five positive regulatory elements. The essential
      element, which coincided with the B block, was absolutely required for both
      transcription and formation of stable complexes. A second element, which included
      the A block, was also required for both transcription and formation of stable
      complexes. Although this element is not as essential as the B-block element,
      together with the B-block element it may be necessary for formation of the most
      basal form of transcription machinery. Therefore, these two elements are the
      promoter elements in this gene. In addition, one possible element in the
      interblock region and two elements in the 5' flanking region were also required
      for efficient transcription, but they were moderately required for formation of
      stable complexes. Transcription of these mutants and the wild-type gene using an
      extract of 293 cells was stimulated at least threefold over that with the KB cell
      extract, as expected. Similar regulatory elements of this gene were revealed,
      however, when the 293 cell extract was used for transcription of these mutants,
      suggesting that the E1A-mediated specific transcription factors act on the
      transcription machinery in a sequence-nonspecific manner.

PMID- 3367907
TI  - Polylactosaminoglycan modification of a small integral membrane glycoprotein,
      influenza B virus NB.
AB  - The structure of the carbohydrate components of NB, the small integral membrane
      glycoprotein of influenza B virus, was investigated. The carbohydrate chains of
      NB are processed from the high-mannose form (NB18) to a heterogeneous form of
      much higher molecular weight, designated NBp. Selection of this carbohydrate
      containing form of NB with Datura stramonium lectin, its susceptibility to
      digestion by endo-beta-galactosidase, and determination of the size of NBp
      glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography suggested that the increase in
      molecular weight is due to processing to polylactosaminoglycan. Investigation of
      the polypeptides produced by influenza B/Lee/40 virus infection of several cell
      types and another strain of influenza B virus suggested that the signal for
      modification to polylactosaminoglycan is contained in NB. Expression of mutants
      of NB lacking either one or both of the normal N-terminal sites of asparagine
      linked glycosylation indicated that both carbohydrate chains are modified to
      contain polylactosaminoglycan. NBp and a small amount of unprocessed NB18 are
      expressed at the infected-cell surface, as determined by digestion of the
      surfaces of intact cells with various endoglycosidases. Unglycosylated NB,
      expressed either in influenza B virus-infected cells treated with tunicamycin or
      in cells expressing the NB mutant lacking both N-linked glycosylation sites, was
      expressed at the cell surface, indicating that NB does not require carbohydrate
      addition for transport.

PMID- 3367908
TI  - Differential stimulation of sea urchin early and late H2B histone gene expression
      by a gastrula nuclear extract after injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Sea urchin early histone genes are active in preblastula embryos; late histone
      genes are maximally expressed during subsequent stages of embryogenesis. We used
      the Xenopus laevis oocyte to assay for trans-acting factors involved in this
      differential regulation. Sea urchin nuclear proteins were prepared by extracting
      gastrula-stage chromatin successively with 0.45, 1, and 2 M NaCl. We injected
      three fractions into oocytes along with plasmids bearing sea urchin early and
      late H2b histone genes. While neither the 0 to 0.45 M nor the 1 to 2 M salt
      fraction affected H2b gene expression, the 0.45 to 1 M salt fraction stimulated
      early and late H2b mRNA levels significantly. Late H2b gene expression was
      stimulated preferentially when the early and late genes were coinjected into the
      same oocytes. This extract did not stimulate the accumulation of transcripts of
      injected herpesvirus thymidine kinase genes or of the sea urchin Spec 1 gene,
      suggesting that the stimulatory activity is not a general transcription factor.
      We localized the DNA sequence required for the stimulatory effect to a region of
      the late H2b gene located between -43 and +62 relative to the transcription start
      site. A component of the 0.45 to 1 M salt wash fraction specifically bound to the
      105-base-pair late gene DNA sequence and to the corresponding early gene
      fragment. The abundance of this binding activity decreased on a per genome basis
      during early development of the sea urchin.

PMID- 3367909
TI  - Identification of two transcription factors that bind to specific elements in the
      promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4.
AB  - Two kinds of trans-acting factors that regulate transcription from the promoter
      of the adenovirus early-region 4 (E4) have been identified by reconstituting
      nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. They were designated E4TF1 and E4TF3 for E4
      transcription factors. These factors were responsible for efficient and accurate
      transcription in vitro from the E4 promoter, as were another transcription
      factor, designated E4TF2, and a crude fraction containing endogenous RNA
      polymerase II. E4TF1 stimulated transcription from the E4 promoter but not from
      the major late promoter or the E4 mutant promoter lacking the E4TF1-binding site.
      Footprint analysis of E4TF1 revealed that it binds to a specific region, residing
      between 132 and 152 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of the E4 mRNA.
      E4TF3 also regulated transcription from the E4 promoter. E4TF3 protected four ca.
      20-base-pair regions in a DNase I footprinting assay. They were located around
      40, 160, 230, and 260 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of E4 mRNA.
      Specific inhibition of E4 transcription was observed by addition of DNA fragments
      covering one of the E4TF1- and E4TF3-binding sites to in vitro transcription
      assays. These results suggest that both E4TF1 and E4TF3 regulate E4 transcription
      by binding to the specific upstream elements in the E4 promoter. These factors
      may be involved in the E1A transactivation of E4 transcription.

PMID- 3367910
TI  - Kinetics and regulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth
      factor receptor in intact A431 cells.
AB  - We have previously reported that antibodies to phosphotyrosine recognize the
      phosphorylated forms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal
      growth factor (EGF) receptors (Zippel et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 881:54-61,
      1986, and Sturani et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137:343-350, 1986). In
      this report, the time course of receptor phosphorylation is investigated. In
      normal human fibroblasts, ligand-induced phosphorylation of PDGF and EGF
      receptors is followed by rapid dephosphorylation. However, in A431 cells the
      tyrosine-phosphorylated form of EGF receptor persists for many hours after EGF
      stimulation, allowing a detailed analysis of the conditions affecting receptor
      phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In A431 cells, the number of receptor
      molecules phosphorylated on tyrosine was quantitated and found to be about 10% of
      total EGF receptors. The phosphorylated receptor molecules are localized on the
      cell surface, and they are rapidly dephosphorylated upon removal of EGF from
      binding sites by a short acid wash of intact cells and upon a mild treatment with
      trypsin. ATP depletion also results in rapid dephosphorylation, indicating that
      continuous phosphorylation-dephosphorylation reactions occur in the ligand
      receptor complex at steady state. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate added shortly
      before EGF reduces the rate and the final extent of receptor phosphorylation.
      Moreover, it also reduces the amount of phosphorylated receptors if it is added
      after EGF. Down-regulation of protein kinase C by chronic treatment with phorbol
      dibutyrate increases the receptor phosphorylation induced by EGF, suggesting a
      homologous feedback regulation of EGF receptor functions.

PMID- 3367911
TI  - [Recommendations for the assessment of operating safety and functional capacity
      of currently used warming beds and flexible heating pads for newborn infants,
      small children and helpless persons].

PMID- 3367912
TI  - [Noninvasive determination of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry in pediatric
      cardiology].
AB  - Pulse oximetry is a relatively new noninvasive method to measure arterial oxygen
      saturation (SO2). We evaluated the reliability of a pulse oximeter (N-100,
      Nellcor/Drger, Lubeck) in single and continuous measurements of SO2. During
      cardiac catheterisation we compared pulse oximeter (puls.SO2) measurements to
      those in simultaneously taken arterial samples (art.SO2), and obtained 203 pair
      measurements in 85 patients, mostly newborns and infants; in 20 of them before
      and during the breathing of oxygen through a mask. We also have 67 pair
      measurements of capillary blood samples (kap.SO2) and puls.SO2. Continuous
      measurements with the pulse oximeter were carried out in 17 patients for up to
      116 h. Our main results are: 1. In the puls.SO2 range of 66% to 100% the
      measurements with the pulse oximeter were accurate (r = 0.97, Syx = 2.1). Below
      66% the puls.SO2 values were on average much higher than the art.SO2 values, with
      an increased variance. Intraindividual oxygenation changes before and during the
      breathing of oxygen were accurately measured. 2. Pulse oximetry is much more
      informative than kap.SO2 measurements, because its information about the SO2
      before blood sampling (= resting value) and following SO2 changes during the
      painful procedure (= stress values). 3. Continuous measurements with the pulse
      oximeter are very simple and very reliable and are not associated with skin
      injury. Because the pulse oximeters responses rapid to oxygenation changes and
      does not need calibration it is very valuable in the assessment of therapeutic
      procedures in patients with cyanotic heart disease. We conclude that the pulse
      oximeter is a very important new diagnostic tool in pediatric cardiology.

PMID- 3367913
TI  - [Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Intensified insulin delivery has attained significant importance in the treatment
      of insulin-dependent diabetes to avoid microangiopathy involving the retina and
      kidney. 15 patients have been treated for periods from 2 month to 3 years, 2
      years with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. All patients have better
      metabolic control than that achieved with conventional therapy. HbA1c decreased
      from 7.8% +/- 1.6 (SD) to 6.2% +/- 1.3 (normal value: 3.8-6.5%). Negative
      features of insulin-pump therapy include hyperglycemias after discontinuation of
      insulin infusion and cutaneous infection at the catheter site. No severe episodes
      of hypoglycemia were observed. Acceptability of pump treatment is good in our
      patients because of improved physical condition and the ability to pursue their
      usual activities.

PMID- 3367914
TI  - [Pulsed Doppler sonographic determination of absolute flow velocities in the
      anterior cerebral artery in infants with hydrocephalus in comparison with a
      healthy patient sample].
AB  - In 52 infants (weight: 3174 +/- 1165 g; gestational age: 41.3 +/- 6.5 weeks) with
      hydrocephalus pulsed doppler recordings were obtained in the anterior cerebral
      arteries. For comparison 52 healthy infants (weight: 3148 +/- 1118 g; gestational
      age: 40.6 +/- 5.7 weeks) were investigated. In all children the maximal systolic
      velocity, the end-systolic velocity, the end-diastolic velocity and the
      pulsatility-index were measured. In the healthy control group the maximal
      systolic velocity was 43 +/- 14 cm x s-1, the end-systolic velocity 20 +/- 8 cm x
      s-1, the end-diastolic velocity 11 +/- 5 cm x s-1 and the pulsatility index was
      0.75 +/- 0.10. All 9 children with minimal ventricular dilation without
      progression showed normal flow profiles with normal flow velocities and
      pulsatility-index in the anterior cerebral arteries. 17 infants with moderate,
      slowly progressive ventricular enlargement showed significant increase of the
      maximal systolic velocity (60 +/- 27 cm x s-1) and the pulsatility-index PI (0.82
      +/- 0.14). There was no difference in the end-systolic and end-diastolic
      velocities to the healthy control group. 26 children with marked and rapid
      progressive hydrocephalus showed significant decrease of the end-systolic and end
      diastolic velocities and an increase in the pulsatility-index. The end-systolic
      velocity was 15 +/- 7 cm x s-1, the end-diastolic velocity was 4 +/- 7 cm x s-1
      and the pulsatility-index measured 0.91 +/- 0.18. There was no difference in the
      maximal systolic velocity which measured 41 +/- 17 cm x s-1. All children with
      increased intracranial pressure showed a pathological flow profile with a
      decrease of diastolic forward flow. Absent or retrograde diastolic flow in rapid
      progressive hydrocephalus may lead to a decrease of brain perfusion resulting in
      hypoxemic ischemic brain lesions. After implantation of a ventriculo-atrial shunt
      an increase in the end-systolic and end-diastolic velocities and a decrease of
      the pulsatility-index could be shown. Shunt insufficiency can be shown early by a
      decrease in diastolic forward flow.

PMID- 3367915
TI  - [Van der Woude syndrome in combination with ring chromosome 18].
AB  - 7-month-old girl with a combination of van der Woude syndrome and ring chromosome
      18 showed the following malformations: medial palate cleft, fistulas of the lower
      lips, hypertelorism, epicanthus, antimongoloid position of the eyelids, a small
      hymenal appendix, plantar placing of the third toe, atrial septum defect,
      stenosis of the auditory canal. The combination of fistulas of the lower lip and
      cleft lip or palate already established the diagnosis of Van der Woude Syndrome.
      Because of the additional malformations observed a chromosome analysis was
      performed which demonstrated a ring chromosome 18. The phenotypic features of
      ring-chromosome 18, a 18p-/18q- syndrome, vary according to the extend of
      deletion of the short or long arm. However, all patients show craniofacial
      dysmorphism, intellectual and developmental retardation, defective hearing,
      speech disorder, and more than 50% have stenosis or atresia of the auditory
      canal.

PMID- 3367916
TI  - [Recommendations for simplified technical safety assessment and operating safety
      of type and design of pressure infusion equipment, as well as for technical
      safety assessment of its functional capacity].

PMID- 3367917
TI  - Strategies for the deployment of batteries of short-term tests.

PMID- 3367918
TI  - Genetic activity profiles and pattern recognition in test battery selection.
AB  - Computer-generated genetic activity profiles and pairwise matching procedures may
      aid in the selection of the most appropriate short-term bioassays to be used in
      test batteries for the evaluation of the genotoxicity of a given chemical or
      group of chemicals. Selection of test batteries would be based on a quantitative
      comparative assessment of the past performance of similar tests applied to other
      chemicals of the same structural group. The information potentially available for
      test-battery selection through the use of this pattern-recognition technique is
      considerably greater than the qualitative results obtained from individual short
      term tests. Application of the method should further our understanding of the
      relationships between chemical properties and genotoxic responses obtained in
      short-term bioassays and also may contribute to our knowledge of the mechanisms
      of complex processes such as carcinogenesis. This approach to battery selection
      should be augmented by careful consideration of established principles of genetic
      toxicity testing; that is, a chemical should be evaluated in a battery of tests
      representing the full range of relevant genetic endpoints.

PMID- 3367919
TI  - Genetic toxicology at the crossroads--a personal view on the deployment of short
      term tests for predicting carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3367920
TI  - Utilization of the quantitative component of positive and negative results of
      short-term tests.
AB  - In this paper we discuss the possibility of utilizing not only the qualitative
      component of the information obtained from long-term and short-term tests (as is
      customary), but also the quantitative component of the results. We suggest that
      there is probably a precise mathematical relationship between the qualitative and
      quantitative approaches. We show that utilizing the quantitative approach, it is
      possible to give confidence limits to a given prediction, a possibility
      potentially very useful for risk evaluation. We show that starting from a
      reasonable working hypothesis, it is possible to include even negative data in a
      unified quantitative approach. Incorporating the quantitative component of the
      information could offer appreciable gains in predictivity, especially when
      utilizing batteries of tests.

PMID- 3367921
TI  - Use of computerized data listings and activity profiles of genetic and related
      effects in the review of 195 compounds.
AB  - Computer-generated listings of data from short-term tests for genetic and related
      effects (activity profile listings) were prepared for 195 compounds that included
      for each compound, the test system (identified by a three-letter code word),
      qualitative results and the lowest effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective
      dose (HID) tested. A corresponding bar or line graph (activity profile) was also
      generated, in which test systems are displayed along the x-axis and the LED or
      HID values along the y-axis. The listings were reviewed and the data summarized
      by an IARC Working Group. The methodology used to generate these listings and
      plots is described, and results are given for one compound, benzene. The entire
      data base contains approximately 7000 entries from 4000 references.

PMID- 3367922
TI  - Successful use of short-term tests for academic purposes: their use in
      identification of new environmental carcinogens with possible risk for humans.

PMID- 3367923
TI  - The Japanese mutagenicity studies guidelines for pesticide registration.

PMID- 3367924
TI  - A proposed battery of tests for the initial evaluation of the mutagenic potential
      of medicinal and industrial chemicals.

PMID- 3367925
TI  - The induction of numerical chromosome aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures
      and V79 Chinese hamster cells by diethyl sulfate.
AB  - Human lymphocyte cultures were treated with increasing concentrations of diethyl
      sulfate (DES) at different times after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (0, 24
      and 45 h) and were scored for numerical chromosomal aberrations at different
      culture times (52, 72 and 96 h). A total of 3500 metaphases were analyzed. A
      statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increase in hypodiploid and
      hyperdiploid metaphases was found throughout the tested dose range (0.1-3 mM
      DES); the increase in polyploid metaphases was statistically significant at 1 mM
      (p less than 0.05) and 3 mM (p less than 0.01) DES. In human lymphocytes treated
      in Go, DES also induced chromatid breaks as well as micronuclei. In V79 Chinese
      hamster cells, DES induced micronuclei and polyploidy.

PMID- 3367926
TI  - Advantages of a combined testing protocol (CTP) with multiple endpoints: the
      reverse tier approach.
AB  - A multi-endpoint CTP approach provides an efficient procedure to investigate the
      hazards of chemicals in our environment. Genotoxicity to multiple tissues is
      assessed after an exposure of limited duration by using a variety of sensitive
      short-term tests. Resources are thus conserved and results obtained without long
      delays. Additional information helpful in understanding the observed genotoxic
      effects is readily obtained in the same experiment by inclusion of additional
      nongenotoxic endpoints. Numbers of animals required to test chemicals are
      substantially decreased by increasing the amount of information obtained from
      each animal. Flexibility is a basic asset of a CTP approach. Therefore,
      pharmacokinetics of the test chemical or mixture and concerns about
      subpopulations of exposed humans can guide all aspects of the design of CTP
      protocol including the animal species, the exposure protocol and the endpoints.
      The procedures selected for evaluating potential mutagens should be based
      primarily on the usefulness of the information generated and secondarily on the
      cost and resources required to perform the procedure. The most expensive
      procedure is that procedure which does not generate useful information,
      regardless of the initial cost. The CTP as presently discussed is an attempt to
      maximize useful information in the most efficient manner possible. Although
      considerably more expensive than in vitro procedures, the protocol is far less
      expensive than conducting individual short-term animal procedures, and a fraction
      of the cost and time required to perform a typical cancer bioassay. Chemicals
      that are of major concern, for example as in the case of extensive human
      exposure, would be a prime candidate for initial testing by this methodology.

PMID- 3367927
TI  - Development of a rodent lung macrophage chromosome aberration assay.
AB  - Lung macrophages are the first line of defense against inhaled xenobiotics. They
      are able to accumulate airborne particulates as well as having metabolic
      capability. They may thus be sensitive indicator cells for detecting inhalation
      exposure to environmental mutagens. Their usefulness as a short-term in vivo
      genotoxic assay has not, however, been adequately explored. We have
      systematically investigated the feasibility of developing a lung macrophage
      chromosome-aberration assay. It was found that with different types of spindle
      binding chemicals (vinblastine and vincristine), and with improved harvesting
      procedures, an adequate number of metaphase cells can be collected from mice and
      Chinese hamsters. The chromosome aberration frequencies in macrophages from
      control mice and Chinese hamsters were found to be 1.2 +/- 2.3 and 0.75 +/- 2.2
      per 100 cells respectively. These frequencies are within normal ranges for other
      somatic cells. After inhalation exposure to an occupational-exposure level of
      benzene (0, 0.1 and 1 ppm), significant dose-dependent induction of aberrations
      (1.2 +/- 2.3, 5.7 +/- 6.3 and 6.8 +/- 6.2 chromatid deletions per 100 cells
      resp.) were observed in the macrophages. Thus, these cells can be used as one of
      a battery of in vivo assays for inhalation exposure studies.

PMID- 3367928
TI  - A sensitive assay for 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes.
AB  - We have defined variants (V) resistant to 6-thioguanine (TG) by their ability to
      divide at least once during a 72-h incubation in a medium containing 0.2 mM TG.
      We blocked cytokinesis by adding cytochalasin B (CB) after 30 h in culture. The
      cells that had undergone nuclear division were identified by their content of 2
      or more nuclei. The long incubation period allowed slow growing V to be counted.
      As a result we scored an order of magnitude more V than have been reported in
      assays using the conventional 30-40 h culture times. In the gamma-ray dose range
      of 0-0.5 Gy we scored 80 V per 1000 surviving lymphocytes per Gy--a result some
      two orders of magnitude larger than has been reported previously.

PMID- 3367929
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of Cuman L, a dithiocarbamate fungicide.
AB  - Cuman L, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, was assessed for its effects in the germ
      cells and the bone marrow erythrocytes of Swiss Albino male mice. The 3 sublethal
      doses of 350, 700 and 1050 mg/kg b.w. of Cuman L induced a significant (P less
      than 0.01) increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations in the germ cells. A
      significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the percentage of micronuclei in the
      erythrocytes was also induced by the three doses.

PMID- 3367930
TI  - Benzene and the genotoxicity of its metabolites. I. Transplacental activity in
      mouse fetuses and in their dams.
AB  - Benzene and some of its metabolites (hydroquinone, phenol, catechol, 1,2,4
      benzenetriol, p-benzoquinone, o,o'-biphenol, p,p'-biphenol) have been tested for
      their capability to induce micronuclei in bone marrow cells of pregnant mice and,
      transplacentally, in fetal liver cells. Dams are scarcely sensitive to the
      genotoxic activity of benzene and its metabolites while the latter are able to
      produce only evident toxic effects. Benzene and hydroquinone transplacentally
      induce micronuclei in fetal liver cells while all other metabolites show weak or
      negative genotoxicity, although they produce severe cellular toxicity.

PMID- 3367931
TI  - Fecapentaenes and their precursors throughout the bowel--results of an autopsy
      study.
AB  - The fecapentaenes are potent mutagens found in the stool of some humans and pigs.
      These compounds are produced by Bacteroides species in the gut from an
      uncharacterized family of precursor compounds, and have been postulated to pose a
      risk of human colorectal cancer. To better understand fecapentaene production in
      vivo, and to determine if excreted levels measured in epidemiologic studies are
      representative of the entire colon, fecapentaenes were assayed from multiple
      sites in the bowel in an autopsy study of 16 humans and 2 pigs. An indirect
      measurement of fecapentaene precursors was also made. Colonic concentrations of
      fecapentaenes and precursors varied widely between individuals, but were
      consistent for each individual throughout the colon. In addition, the
      measurements of rectal contents, assumed to approximate values in excreted stool,
      were equivalent to measurements from the colon.

PMID- 3367932
TI  - Rhodoquinone requirement of the Hymenolepis diminuta mitochondrial electron
      transport system.
AB  - The occurrence of rhodoquinone as a mitochondrial membrane component was
      demonstrated in adult Hymenolepis diminuta. Chromatographic separation of pentane
      extracts, from lyophilized mitochondrial membranes, coupled with spectral
      analyses of separated material demonstrated the presence of rhodoquinone. The
      presence of ubiquinone was not apparent. Rhodoquinone content of membranes was
      about 1.2 micrograms (mg protein)-1. The rhodoquinone requirement of the H.
      diminuta electron transport system was demonstrated both in terms of the less
      active NADH oxidase and the physiologically required, NADH-dependent fumarate
      reductase employing lyophilized mitochondrial membranes as the source of
      activities. Pentane extraction of membranes virtually abolished the oxidase and
      fumarate reductase systems. Supplementation of pentane-treated membranes with H.
      diminuta rhodoquinone restored oxidase and fumarate reductase activities to
      levels simulating those of lyophilized membranes. Ubiquinone did not substitute
      for rhodoquinone. The rhodoquinone-reconstituted membranes displayed rotenone
      sensitivity. These findings represent the first direct demonstration of the
      rhodoquinone requirement of helminth electron transport-coupled oxidase and
      fumarate reductase.

PMID- 3367933
TI  - Evidence for the occurrence of LDL receptors in extracts of schistosomula of
      Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni were shown to contain proteins on their
      surface membranes which bind iodinated human low density lipoproteins (125I-LDL).
      Treatment of the parasites with trypsin decreased the binding in comparison with
      untreated controls. Membrane-bound, acetone-insoluble proteins were extracted
      from the schistosomula with Triton X-100 and the extract in liposome form was
      incubated with 125I-LDL at room temperature. After incubation a complex was
      formed between the proteins present in the extract and 125I-LDL, as shown by a
      filter binding assay. 125I-LDL binding to filters was proportional to the amount
      of protein in the extract; it was inhibited by unlabelled LDL and VLDL and by
      EDTA. Binding of 125I-LDL to proteins present in the liposome suspension
      containing the Triton X-100 extract followed saturation kinetics, indicating the
      occurrence of receptors for lipoproteins in the extract.

PMID- 3367934
TI  - Species-specific oligonucleotide probes for the identification of human filarial
      parasites.
AB  - Species-specific oligonucleotide probes have been constructed for the filarial
      parasites Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. Both parasites contain a 322 base
      pair repeated DNA sequence that is cleaved once by the restriction endonuclease
      HhaI. A consensus repeat sequence was determined from the DNA sequence of 15
      cloned isolates of each species. Although the two repeats have an average
      homology of 89%, half the differences are clustered in a region of 66 nucleotides
      that has a homology of only 72%. Within this region, two probes, a 29-mer that is
      B. malayi specific and a 21-mer that is B. pahangi specific, were constructed.
      The sequence of both probes was chosen to obtain the maximum difference between
      the consensus sequences of the two species. The probes were also selected to be
      GC rich to increase their stability as a DNA hybrid. In a filter hybridization
      assay, the B. malayi probe has a 500-fold preference for B. malayi DNA versus B.
      pahangi DNA and a sensitivity of 200 pg. The B. pahangi probe has similar
      specificity and sensitivity for B. pahangi DNA. A rapid lysis procedure allows
      the probes to detect 1-2 third stage larvae of either B. malayi or B. pahangi in
      a filter hybridization assay.

PMID- 3367935
TI  - Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism.
AB  - Autism is a neurologic disorder that severely impairs social, language, and
      cognitive development. Whether autism involves maldevelopment of neuroanatomical
      structures is not known. The size of the cerebellar vermis in patients with
      autism was measured on magnetic resonance scans and compared with its size in
      controls. The neocerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII were found to be
      significantly smaller in the patients. This appeared to be a result of
      developmental hypoplasia rather than shrinkage or deterioration after full
      development had been achieved. In contrast, the adjacent vermal lobules I to V,
      which are ontogenetically, developmentally, and anatomically distinct from
      lobules VI and VII, were found to be of normal size. Maldevelopment of the vermal
      neocerebellum had occurred in both retarded and nonretarded patients with autism.
      This localized maldevelopment may serve as a temporal marker to identify the
      events that damage the brain in autism, as well as other neural structures that
      may be concomitantly damaged. Our findings suggest that in patients with autism,
      neocerebellar abnormality may directly impair cognitive functions that some
      investigators have attributed to the neocerebellum; may indirectly affect,
      through its connections to the brain stem, hypothalamus, and thalamus, the
      development and functioning of one or more systems involved in cognitive,
      sensory, autonomic, and motor activities; or may occur concomitantly with damage
      to other neural sites whose dysfunction directly underlies the cognitive deficits
      in autism.

PMID- 3367937
TI  - Informed consent for major medical treatment of mentally disabled people. A new
      approach.
AB  - When an incompetent mentally disabled person has no family member or guardian
      available, obtaining informed consent for major medical treatment usually
      requires a court order--an often time-consuming, formal, and expensive process
      that does not provide for much substantive review of the decision about
      treatment. Consequently, there is a temptation to circumvent the requirement that
      informed consent be obtained for treatment of the residents of institutions as
      well as of those in community mental-health and mental-retardation programs.
      Under a new pilot program established by the New York State legislature,
      volunteer committees are empowered to make decisions about medical care in such
      cases. The law protects physicians from liability when they rely on the
      committees' decisions. The results of the program after one year indicate that
      this is an effective approach, which provides quick yet careful individualized
      decisions, in an informal and accessible forum. Advocates for the mentally
      disabled and health care providers agree that this approach is preferable to the
      judicial process for making decisions about medical care for incompetent mentally
      disabled persons. This type of program may prove workable for other groups of
      incompetent people who lack family members or guardians to act as surrogate
      decision makers.

PMID- 3367936
TI  - Prevalence of hemochromatosis among 11,065 presumably healthy blood donors.
AB  - There is evidence that iron loading and organ damage can be prevented in patients
      with hemochromatosis if prophylactic phlebotomy is employed early in the disease-
      findings emphasizing the importance of early detection before clinical signs
      occur. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of transferrin
      saturation as a screening tool for hemochromatosis and to assess the frequency of
      homozygosity for the HLA-linked hemochromatosis gene in a healthy population. We
      screened 11,065 presumably healthy blood donors (5840 men and 5225 women). Donors
      with transferrin saturations of 62 percent or more after an overnight fast were
      considered potential homozygotes and were asked to undergo liver biopsy and
      pedigree analysis. The frequency of values for transferrin saturation of 62 or
      higher in men was 0.008 and in women 0.003. Thirty-eight persons with values
      higher than 62 were studied in detail; 35 underwent liver biopsy. Liver iron
      stores ranged from normal to markedly increased. Twelve siblings with an
      identical HLA match to a proband underwent liver biopsy, and 11 had increased
      liver iron stores. According to likelihood analysis of the pedigrees, 26 of the
      38 probands were homozygotes, and 12 were heterozygotes. The estimated frequency
      of homozygosity was based on the data in men, because the threshold value of 62
      for the transferrin saturation identified only half as many female homozygotes as
      expected. The frequency of homozygosity was 0.0045, corresponding to a gene
      frequency of 0.067. The value of population screening is demonstrated in these
      studies by the detection of homozygotes before clinical manifestations of
      hemochromatosis occur.

PMID- 3367938
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 21-1988. A 77-year-old man with a draining fistula in the right
      lower abdominal quadrant.

PMID- 3367939
TI  - Rus in urbe: spotted fever comes to town.

PMID- 3367940
TI  - Neurobiologic aspects of autism.

PMID- 3367941
TI  - Misrepresentation and responsibility in medical research.

PMID- 3367942
TI  - Coronary heart disease among female smokers.

PMID- 3367943
TI  - Microvascular angina.

PMID- 3367944
TI  - Pain in the neonate and fetus.

PMID- 3367945
TI  - Treatment decisions in the mentally impaired.

PMID- 3367946
TI  - Screening dentists for HIV and hepatitis B.

PMID- 3367947
TI  - Plasma R binder deficiency.

PMID- 3367948
TI  - For-profit management of a university hospital.

PMID- 3367949
TI  - When the patient is a physician.

PMID- 3367950
TI  - Resistance to recombinant interferon alfa-2a in hairy-cell leukemia associated
      with neutralizing anti-interferon antibodies.
AB  - To explain the hematologic deterioration occasionally observed during interferon
      therapy, we assayed serum specimens from 51 patients with hairy-cell leukemia
      receiving treatment with recombinant interferon alfa-2a for the presence of anti
      interferon antibodies. After a median of seven months of therapy, anti-interferon
      antibodies were found in 31 patients. Fifteen of these patients had only non
      neutralizing antibodies, but antibody from the other 16 neutralized the antiviral
      effects of recombinant interferon alfa-2a in vitro. In no case, however, did
      neutralizing antibody inhibit the antiviral effects of purified natural
      interferon alfa. Clinical resistance to interferon of various degrees was present
      in 6 of 16 patients with neutralizing antibodies; the remaining 10 patients and
      all 20 patients without antibody continue to respond after a minimum of two years
      of therapy. In all the patients with interferon resistance, antibody was present
      when it developed. These data suggest that the development of clinical resistance
      to interferon alfa-2a in hairy-cell leukemia is not necessarily related to an
      altered cellular response to interferon. Treatment with other interferons, such
      as purified natural interferon alfa, may be useful in patients with clinically
      important neutralizing antibodies against interferon alfa-2a.

PMID- 3367952
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 22-1988. A 13-year-old girl with secondary amenorrhea, obesity,
      acanthosis nigricans, and hirsutism.

PMID- 3367951
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma. A cluster in a native American pueblo.

PMID- 3367953
TI  - Fraud in biomedical research: a time for congressional restraint.

PMID- 3367954
TI  - Survival with AIDS in New York.

PMID- 3367955
TI  - Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients.

PMID- 3367956
TI  - Intermittent versus continuous chemotherapy for breast cancer.

PMID- 3367957
TI  - Circulating antigen and antibody in hydatid disease.

PMID- 3367958
TI  - Adenoidectomy and chronic otitis media.

PMID- 3367959
TI  - Prospects for the national health service.

PMID- 3367960
TI  - Production of platelet-derived growth factor-like mitogen by smooth-muscle cells
      from human atheroma.
AB  - Proliferation of vascular smooth-muscle cells occurs during the development of
      atherosclerosis and the remodeling of arteries that accompanies chronic systemic
      or pulmonary hypertension. To help define the signals that initiate this abnormal
      growth, we cultured smooth-muscle cells from human atherosclerotic plaques. These
      cells (n = 9) released material into their culture medium that stimulated the
      proliferation of aortic smooth-muscle cells to a mean (+/- SD) level 5.1 +/- 1
      times that in control medium. Part of this activity was due to molecules that
      resemble a mitogen first isolated from platelets and known as platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF), since these cells released PDGF measured in a radioreceptor
      assay (355 +/- 117 pg per milliliter per 48 hours; n = 6) and since anti-PDGF
      antibody neutralized 38 +/- 7 percent of this mitogenic activity (range, 13 to 60
      percent; n = 6 carotid-plaque isolates). Two human genes encode distinct PDGF
      subunits that form dimers in different combinations to create biologically active
      PDGF. Cells cultured from human atheroma contained mRNAs for the PDGF A chain (16
      of 17 isolates) but none (of 13) that encoded PDGF B chain (the c-sis proto
      oncogene product). We conclude that smooth-muscle cells from diseased human
      arteries can secrete mitogenic activity, some of which resembles PDGF, and that
      these cells express the gene for the PDGF A chain selectively. This capacity to
      produce an endogenous, potentially self-stimulatory (autocrine) growth factor may
      help to explain how replication of smooth-muscle cells can begin, even while the
      endothelial barrier remains morphologically intact, early in atherogenesis.

PMID- 3367961
TI  - Inequities in health services among insured Americans. Do working-age adults have
      less access to medical care than the elderly?
AB  - To determine whether groups other than the elderly and the uninsured have
      difficulty obtaining access to medical care, we studied 7633 adults nationwide.
      As we expected, the insured had much greater access than the uninsured, but among
      the insured there were substantial disparities in access to care. Insured adults
      of working age were 3.5 times as likely (95 percent confidence interval, 2.7 to
      4.4) as the elderly to have needed supportive medical services (including
      medications and supplies) but not to have received them, and 3.4 times (2.3 to
      4.4) as likely to have had major financial difficulties because of illness. Among
      insured, working-age adults, the poor were 4.4 times (3.5 to 5.3) as likely as
      those who were not poor to have needed supportive services but not to have
      received them, and 5.2 times (3.6 to 6.8) as likely to have had major financial
      problems because of illness. Apart from insurance status and income, blacks were
      1.7 times (1.1 to 2.2) as likely as whites to have needed supportive services but
      not to have received them. Hispanics with a medical illness were 2.2 times (1.3
      to 3.2) as likely as whites not to have seen a physician within the past year. We
      conclude that insured, working-age adults have less access to medical care than
      the elderly, and that poor, black, or Hispanic persons in this group are at risk
      for even greater problems with access to care. Current policy strategies are
      unlikely to improve the ability of these groups to obtain care.

PMID- 3367962
TI  - Use of immunocytochemical analysis of a duodenal biopsy specimen to identify a
      carrier of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

PMID- 3367963
TI  - Solving the medical care dilemma.

PMID- 3367964
TI  - HIV infection of the retina.

PMID- 3367965
TI  - Reversal of polyclonal hypoimmunoglobulinemia after HIV infection in a patient
      with myeloma.

PMID- 3367966
TI  - Thallium uptake by the lungs in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3367967
TI  - Care of patients with chronic mental illness.

PMID- 3367968
TI  - Shattuck lecture--outcomes management. A technology of patient experience.

PMID- 3367970
TI  - Nursing theories: what is our commitment?

PMID- 3367969
TI  - The sick children's nurse--where does she work?

PMID- 3367971
TI  - [Trends in the evaluation of nursing practice].

PMID- 3367973
TI  - Objective: Social continence. Children--incontinent or enuretic?

PMID- 3367972
TI  - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia--its prevention and the role of the nurse.

PMID- 3367975
TI  - Guidelines for becoming a successful author. Part three. Coping with criticism.

PMID- 3367974
TI  - Women and assurance.

PMID- 3367976
TI  - Hepatitis-B infection--a preventable occupational hazard.

PMID- 3367977
TI  - Nursing information systems: a strategy for change.

PMID- 3367978
TI  - [Series on teaching methods. 2. The formal lecture].

PMID- 3367979
TI  - French AIDS research effort comes under attack.

PMID- 3367980
TI  - Rabies in Finland.

PMID- 3367981
TI  - Defence mounted for research in biological warfare.

PMID- 3367982
TI  - AIDS brochure launched despite doubts.

PMID- 3367983
TI  - Mental illness moves into the genetics lab.

PMID- 3367984
TI  - Transfer RNAs: the second genetic code.

PMID- 3367985
TI  - Increased urinary excretion of Al after drinking tea.

PMID- 3367986
TI  - Long-term heterosynaptic inhibition in Aplysia.
AB  - Synaptic transmission between mechanosensory and motor neurons of the gill
      withdrawal reflex in Aplysia can undergo both short-term and long-term
      modulation. One form of short-term synaptic depression lasting minutes can be
      evoked by the peptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide), and is mediated by the
      lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid. We report here using cell culture, that
      the same monosynaptic sensory-to-motor component of the gill withdrawal reflex
      can also undergo long-term synaptic depression lasting 24 h after five
      applications of FMRFamide over a 2-h period. The long-term depression evoked by
      FMRFamide is transmitter-specific. Dopamine or low-frequency stimulation of
      sensory neurons, which also produce short-lasting synaptic depression in vivo,
      failed to evoke a long-term change. As is the case for long-term presynaptic
      facilitation of this connection with serotonin, the long-term depression, but not
      the short-term, can be blocked when applications of FMRFamide are given in the
      presence of anisomycin, a reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis. Thus,
      heterosynaptic depression parallels heterosynaptic facilitation in having a long
      term as well as a short-term form, and in both cases the long-term modulation
      requires the synthesis of gene products not essential for the short-term changes.

PMID- 3367988
TI  - Conflicting views on the safety of US biological weapons.

PMID- 3367987
TI  - More embryo research?

PMID- 3367989
TI  - Another reminder of Chernobyl.

PMID- 3367990
TI  - New AIDS institute.

PMID- 3367991
TI  - Pasteur takes US company to court.

PMID- 3367992
TI  - Spill raises questions about radioactive materials in US.

PMID- 3367993
TI  - West German clinical research seeks new directions.

PMID- 3367994
TI  - Protein structure. Helices of antifreeze.

PMID- 3367995
TI  - Transcriptional activation. Acid blobs and negative noodles.

PMID- 3367996
TI  - Do right-handers live longer?

PMID- 3367997
TI  - H-form DNA and the hairpin-triplex model.

PMID- 3367998
TI  - Species selection and the role of the individual.

PMID- 3367999
TI  - 'Cytoplasmic' and 'maternal' inheritance.

PMID- 3368000
TI  - HIV and HLA similarity.

PMID- 3368001
TI  - Unusual segregation of cystic fibrosis allele to males.

PMID- 3368002
TI  - Crystal structure of an antifreeze polypeptide and its mechanistic implications.
AB  - The X-ray crystallographic structure of an antifreeze polypeptide from the fish
      winter flounder, has been determined at 2.5 A by an analysis of the Patterson
      function. This is the first report of a polypeptide of this size that is a single
      alpha-helix. A proposed mechanism of antifreeze binding to ice surfaces is given
      which requires: first, that the dipole moment from the helical structure dictates
      the preferential alignment of the peptide to the c-axis of ice nuclei; second,
      amphiphilicity of the helix; and third, torsional freedom of the side chains to
      facilitate hydrogen bonding to ice surfaces.

PMID- 3368003
TI  - An occlusion-related mechanism of depth perception based on motion and
      interocular sequence.
AB  - Objects occlude other objects in natural scenes, and this occlusive relationship
      increases the spatio-temporal complexity of sensory inputs to the two eyes,
      especially when objects are moving. We ask whether the visual system can employ
      clever strategies which make use of real-world constraints on inputs to the eyes
      to determine the depth of objects. Employing psychophysical methods, we found
      that occlusion-related geometric rules, which constrain the relationship between
      the direction of motion and the order and asynchrony of eyes, are implemented at
      early stages of cortical visual processing.

PMID- 3368004
TI  - Endosomes from kidney collecting tubule cells contain the vasopressin-sensitive
      water channel.
AB  - The mechanism by which vasopressin rapidly and dramatically increases the water
      permeability of target epithelial cell membranes is thought to involve a cycle of
      exo- and endocytosis during which vesicles carrying 'water channels' are
      successively inserted into, and removed from the apical plasma membrane of
      epithelial cells. Clusters of intramembranous particles, visible by freeze
      fracture electron microscopy and presumed to represent water channels, appear on
      apical membranes in parallel with increased transepithelial water flow. In the
      collecting duct, these clusters are located in clathrin-coated pits which are
      subsequently internalized. There has been no direct evidence, however, that
      subcellular membranes in vasopressin-sensitive epithelia contain functional water
      channels. In this report, we have used fluorophores that are sensitive to volume
      and do not pass through membranes to label and to measure directly the osmotic
      water permeability of endocytosed vesicles isolated from renal papilla. We
      present direct evidence that vasopressin induces the appearance of a population
      of endocytic vesicles whose limiting membranes contain water channels.

PMID- 3368005
TI  - Gold cluster-labelled antibodies.
AB  - The Fab' fragments of antibodies can be combined with eleven gold-atom clusters
      to produce the smallest gold-conjugated antibody probes yet developed.

PMID- 3368006
TI  - Eukaryotic nuclei of endosymbiontic origin?

PMID- 3368007
TI  - Effects of visual associative conditioning on behavior and cerebral metabolic
      activity in toads.

PMID- 3368008
TI  - Investigations of cardiovascular 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the
      rat.
AB  - Peripheral 5-HT receptor-mediated responses were examined in pithed spontaneously
      hypertensive rats and normotensive wistar rats. Responses examined were: Pressor
      and depressor responses, tachycardia and inhibition of stimulation-evoked
      tachycardia. In pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats, 5-HT, but not the 5-HT1
      selective agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine, produced pressor responses, and these
      were potently antagonised by the 5-HT2-selective antagonists ketanserin and LY
      53857. In pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats, the tachycardia to 5-HT was
      abolished by a combination of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist LY 53857 and
      propranolol, suggesting that the tachycardia is mediated by 5-HT2 receptors and
      by release of noradrenaline. In pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats, 5
      carboxamidotryptamine, 5-HT, and to a lesser extent the 5-HT1 receptor agonist RU
      24969, but not the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT, produced depressor
      responses which were antagonised by methysergide and metitepin, but which do not
      clearly fit with any of the 5-HT1 ligand binding sites. In pithed normotensive
      wistar rat, 5-carboxamidotryptamine was approximately 100 times more potent than
      5-HT and 8-OH-DPAT at inhibiting the cardio-acceleration produced by single pulse
      electrical stimulation and this inhibition was antagonised by metitepin, so that
      the response is mediated by 5-HT1 receptors.

PMID- 3368010
TI  - Effect of denzimol on carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide
      concentrations in serum, liver, spleen and different brain regions of the rat: an
      inhibitory metabolic interaction.
AB  - The effect of denzimol (DNZ) on the disposition of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its
      primary metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) in serum, liver, spleen
      and seven brain regions of the rat was assessed. Coadministration with DNZ for 5
      or 10 days resulted in an increase in CBZ and a decrease in CBZ-E concentrations
      in serum, liver and spleen, consistent with a metabolic (hepatic cytochrome P450
      mono-oxygenases) inhibitory interaction. After 15 days of co-administration the
      concentration of CBZ-E was also increased in these tissues, suggestive of epoxide
      hydratase inhibition in addition. The magnitude of these concentration changes
      was much greater in the brain indicating that the total serum concentration of
      CBZ or CBZ-E may not be a reliable index of the neuropharmacological severity of
      CBZ-DNZ interaction.

PMID- 3368009
TI  - Metabolic interaction between imipramine and carbamazepine in vivo and in vitro
      in rats.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic consequences of the combination of carbamazepine with
      imipramine in male Wistar rats have been investigated. It was found that a 2-week
      treatment with the combination resulted in the increase of the concentrations of
      the parent compounds and a simultaneous decrease in their metabolites in blood
      plasma i.e. carbamazepine inhibited imipramine demethylation in the side chain
      while imipramine inhibited carbamazepine 10,11-epoxidation. The velocity of
      imipramine 2-hydroxylation and 10,11-epoxy-carbamazepine hydration did not seem
      to be changed by the combination. On the basis of studies in vitro it is
      concluded that the observed metabolic interaction between carbamazepine and
      imipramine is due to the competition of the drugs for the active centre of
      cytochrome P 450 and to a certain qualitative alteration of the enzyme by
      imipramine as can be deducted from the decrease of carbamazepine binding to the
      cytochrome.

PMID- 3368011
TI  - Postsynaptic bimodal effect of sulpiride on locomotor activity induced by
      pergolide in catecholamine-depleted mice.
AB  - In reserpinized (5 mg/kg, s.c.) mice treated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (200 +
      100 mg/kg, i.p.), increasing doses of the D-2 antagonist sulpiride had varying
      effects on locomotor activity induced by the mixed D-1/D-2 agonist pergolide (2
      mg/kg, s.c.). Low doses of sulpiride (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly enhanced this
      activity whereas at higher doses (50 mg/kg) an inhibitory effect was observed.
      Amphetamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to reverse akinesia in this animal model,
      precluding the possibility of a presynaptically mediated phenomenon; in contrast,
      mice receiving reserpine alone showed a high degree of locomotor activity when
      challenged with amphetamine. The bimodal effect of sulpiride is thought to be
      mediated either by two different D-2 receptors located on the same cell or by the
      same receptor with different topographical localization on postsynaptic neurons
      mediating opposite functions.

PMID- 3368012
TI  - Neurotensin effects on evoked release of dopamine in slices from striatum,
      nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex in rat.
AB  - The effects of neurotensin (NT) on the K+-evoked release of endogenous and
      tritiated dopamine in striatum and on 3H-dopamine in slices from nucleus
      accumbens and prefrontal cortex were investigated. In striatum, NT (1-1,000 nM)
      elicited a dose-dependent increase in endogenous and 3H-dopamine release. The
      dose-response curves were comparable with the two methods. Concerning the
      comparison of NT modulation of 3H-dopamine release in the three cerebral
      structures, the peptide induced a more marked effect in striatum with a maximal
      effect of 150% increase. In accumbens, NT (1-1,000 nM) potentiated the K+-evoked
      3H-dopamine release, but in contrast with striatum, the plateau corresponded to a
      50% increase. In prefrontal cortex, NT (1-1,000 nM) induced small but significant
      effects, with a maximal increase of 50% at 100 nM. Acetyl-NT (8-13) displayed an
      action similar to the natural peptide while NT (1-8) did not exhibit any effect,
      suggesting that the action of NT involved a receptor. The presence of
      tetrodotoxin did not alter the facilitating effects of NT in the three
      structures, indicating that interneurons were not involved in the action of NT.
      The comparison of the effects of NT showed that in terms of efficacy, NT induced
      an increase in dopamine release more marked in striatum than in nucleus accumbens
      and prefrontal cortex. These results are consistent with differences in NT
      receptors localization in these three dopaminergic structures.

PMID- 3368013
TI  - Adrenergic mechanisms during hypertension induced by sucrose and/or salt in the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AB  - Spontaneously hypertensive rats received tap water, 1% NaCl, 5% sucrose or NaCl
      and sucrose in combination for 4 weeks. The blood pressure (tail plethysmography)
      and renal excretions of sodium and catecholamines were followed. After 4 weeks
      the noradrenaline turnover (disappearance after alpha-methyltyrosine) was
      assessed in the heart and brain. In pithed rats the pressor responses to
      intravenous noradrenaline and to electrical stimulation of the spinal sympathetic
      nerves (SNS) were determined together with the rise in plasma noradrenaline
      concentrations during the SNS. Salt alone caused an increase in peripheral
      sympathetic activity, measured as turnover of noradrenaline in the heart and
      spillover of noradrenaline in the urine, a modest enhancement of vascular
      responsiveness to noradrenaline and a blood pressure elevation. Sucrose alone
      increased the peripheral sympathetic activity but influenced neither the vascular
      responsiveness to noradrenaline nor the basal blood pressure. The largest
      increase in sympathetic activity and in blood pressure was observed with sucrose
      and salt in combination. The release of noradrenaline from the sympathetic nerve
      endings was not significantly influenced by any diet regime. The changes in
      noradrenaline turnover in the heart was accompanied by reciprocal changes in
      brain stem noradrenaline turnover.

PMID- 3368014
TI  - Histamine turnover in the brain of morphine-dependent mice.
AB  - The turnover of brain histamine was examined in mice implanted subcutaneously
      with a morphine pellet (50 mg free base). The numbers of naloxone-precipitated
      jumpings and body shakes were maximum 2 and 3 days after implantation,
      respectively. The brain tele-methylhistamine level significantly increased (50%
      to 115%) during 12 h-3 days after implantation of a morphine pellet, whereas the
      histamine level remained unchanged. The accumulation of tele-methylhistamine by
      pargyline treatment was significantly enhanced when pargyline was administered 12
      h after implantation, suggesting an enhancement of histamine turnover. However, a
      similar degree of the tele-methylhistamine accumulation was induced by pargyline
      during 1-5 days after implantation, as compared with the accumulation in the
      control mice implanted with a placebo pellet. In mice undergoing morphine
      withdrawal by either the removal of morphine pellet or the treatment with
      naloxone 3 days after implantation, the degree of the pargyline-induced tele
      methylhistamine accumulation or the (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH)
      induced histamine decrease was similar to that observed in the placebo pellet
      control mice. The numbers of naloxone-precipitated jumpings and body shakes
      occurring in mice 3 days after implantation were not significantly affected by
      any of L-histidine, alpha-FMH or metoprine. These results suggest that turnover
      of histamine in the brain is enhanced by acute morphine treatment and returns to
      the normal rate in the stage of chronic treatment and remains unchanged during
      the state of withdrawal.

PMID- 3368015
TI  - Indirect effects of bradykinin on ion transport in rat colon descendens: mediated
      by prostaglandins and enteric neurons.
AB  - The effect of bradykinin on two preparations of rat colon descendens was
      examined. In a mucosa-submucosa preparation consisting of the submucosal plexus,
      the mucosal plexus and the epithelium bradykinin (10(-10)-5 X 10(-9) mol.l-1)
      caused an increase in Isc, Gt and Pd which was to more than 70% diminished by
      TTX. However, in a mucosa preparation consisting of only the mucosal plexus and
      the epithelium bradykinin caused an increase in Isc, Gt and Pd, which was not
      affected by TTX. Ten times higher concentrations of bradykinin were needed in the
      mucosa preparation to reach the same effects as in the mucosa-submucosa
      preparation. All effects of bradykinin were markedly reduced in the presence of
      indomethacin indicating that they were mediated by prostaglandins in both
      preparations. The bradykinin effect in the mucosa-submucosa preparation but not
      in the mucosa preparation was reduced about 50% by atropine. The results suggest
      that bradykinin activates prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins subsequently
      stimulate neurons in the submucosal plexus which induce a secretory response on
      the epithelium partially mediated by a muscarinic receptor. In a high
      concentration bradykinin due to the induction of prostaglandin synthesis can also
      activate directly the mucosal epithelium.

PMID- 3368016
TI  - Modification of K+ conductance of heart cell membrane by BRL 34915.
AB  - 1. The effect of the K+ channel agonist BRL 34915 on membrane conductance was
      investigated in isolated guinea-pig cardiac myocytes. 2. BRL 34915 reduced the
      duration of the transmembrane action potential and slightly increased the
      membrane resting potential in a concentration-dependent manner. 3. BRL 34915
      removed the rectification in the steady-state current-voltage relationship. At
      membrane potentials more negative than the K+ equilibrium potential, membrane
      conductance was reduced. In the presence of 10(-4) mol/l BRL 34915, the current
      voltage relationship was linear, i.e. of an ohmic type. 4. The BRL 34915-mediated
      change in membrane conductance was susceptible to the K+ channel blockers BaCl2
      and tetrahydroaminoacridine. 5. In conclusion, BRL 34915 modifies K+ conductance
      in the cardiac cell membrane. The precise nature of the K+ conductance change
      remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3368017
TI  - Release of endogenous catecholamines in the nucleus tractus solitarii during
      experimentally induced blood pressure changes.
AB  - The nucleus tractus solitarii (subnucleus medialis) of anaesthetized cats was
      bilaterally superfused through push-pull cannulae and the release of endogenous
      catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) determined in the
      superfusates. A moderate increase in blood pressure elicited by intravenously
      injected noradrenaline (0.3 micrograms per kg body weight) reduced the rate of
      release of endogenous adrenaline, while a pronounced rise in blood pressure (at
      least 47 mm Hg) evoked by noradrenaline (3 micrograms per kg) or blood injection
      inhibited the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the nucleus tractus
      solitarii. Bilateral carotid occlusion also diminished the release rates of
      adrenaline and noradrenaline. Decreases in blood pressure induced by controlled
      bleeding, intravenous injection of chlorisondamine or nitroprusside did not alter
      the rates of release of adrenaline or noradrenaline, but the rate of release of
      endogenous dopamine seemed to be reduced. The decreased adrenaline and
      noradrenaline release elicited by increases in blood pressure and the reduced
      release of dopamine induced by decreases in blood pressure may reflect a
      counteracting mechanism in the nucleus tractus solitarii so as to normalize
      alterations in blood pressure. The results suggest a hypertensive function of
      noradrenaline, and possibly a hypotensive role of dopamine at the level of the
      nucleus tractus solitarii.

PMID- 3368018
TI  - Binding of muscarine receptor antagonists to pig coronary smooth muscle.
AB  - In order to characterize the muscarinic binding site on coronary smooth muscle,
      we investigated the binding properties of (3H)quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) in
      membrane preparations of pig coronary arteries and atria. Scatchard analysis and
      Hill plot showed that (3H)QNB binds to a single population of sites in both
      tissues. The binding profiles of the muscarine receptor antagonists atropine, 11
      [2-[dimethylamino)methyl)-1-piperidinyl)acetyl)-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrid o(2,3- b)
      (1,4)benzodiazepine-6-one (AF-DX 116), pirenzepine, and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N
      methylpiperidine methiobromide (4-DAMP) in both tissues were compared with
      binding data from other tissues, representative for different muscarinic binding
      site subtypes. It is concluded that the pig coronary smooth muscle muscarinic
      binding site is different from M1 and M2 binding sites investigated so far.

PMID- 3368019
TI  - The handling of five amines by the extraneuronal deaminating system of the rat
      heart.
AB  - The handling of five amines by the extraneuronal deaminating system was studied
      in perfused hearts of rats (pretreated with reserpine; COMT and neuronal uptake
      inhibited). Hearts were perfused with 50 nmol/l 3H-noradrenaline for 30 min, in
      the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabelled (-)-adrenaline, (-)
      noradrenaline, dopamine, tyramine and 5-HT. IC50's were determined as those
      concentrations of unlabelled amines which halved the steady-state rate of
      deamination of 3H-noradrenaline. After correction for changes in the
      tissue/medium ratio for 3H-noradrenaline, "half-saturating outside
      concentrations" were obtained. They increased in the order (-)-adrenaline (15
      mumol/l) - tyramine - dopamine - noradrenaline - 5-HT (53 mumol/l). The Vmax for
      extraneuronal deamination was determined for 3H-(-)-adrenaline, 3H-(-)
      noradrenaline and 3H-dopamine, as well as (by HPLC and electrochemical detection)
      for tyramine and 5-HT. It was low for (-)-adrenaline, intermediate for (-)
      noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-HT, high for tyramine. For the three catecholamines
      the half-saturating outside concentrations of the extraneuronal deaminating
      system clearly exceeded those for the extraneuronal O-methylating system of the
      same organ (see Grohmann and Trendelenburg 1985), although the two enzymes appear
      to co-exist in the same cells, so that the same transport system is involved.

PMID- 3368022
TI  - What are the standards?

PMID- 3368021
TI  - Properties of phallotoxin uptake by basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from rat
      liver: evidence for a carrier-mediated transport.
AB  - The mechanism and driving forces for hepatocellular phallotoxin uptake were
      studied by a rapid-filtration technique using basolateral liver plasma membrane
      vesicles (blLPM). An inwardly directed Na+ gradient but not K+-gradient
      transiently stimulated taurocholate uptake into blLPM 1.4-1.7-fold above the
      equilibrium value (overshoot), demonstrating functionally intact vesicles. In
      contrast, overshooting phallotoxin uptake (1.15-1.2-fold intravesicular
      accumulation above equilibrium value) was observed in the presence of a K+ as
      well as of a Na+ gradient. Na+ could be replaced by K+ or Li+. In the presence of
      choline a distinct uptake reduction of 57% was seen. Counter-transport phenomena
      suggest phallotoxin transport rather than binding. Phallotoxin uptake was
      inhibited significantly by taurocholate, iodipamide and antamanide, but only
      slightly by alpha-amanitin. Creation of a negative intravesicular potential by
      altered accompanying anions or by valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion potential
      enhanced the initial uptake rate for phallotoxin, demonstrating rheogenic solute
      uptake. These findings provide evidence that hepatocellular uptake of phallotoxin
      is due to carrier-mediated transport. Hepatic uptake of phallotoxin is assumed to
      be driven by both a monovalent cation gradient (Na+ or K+) and a transmembranal
      potential difference.

PMID- 3368020
TI  - Selectivity in the binding of psychotropic drugs to the variants of alpha-1 acid
      glycoprotein.
AB  - The S- and F-forms of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) variants have been isolated
      by isoelectric focusing with immobilines from commercially available AAG. In
      equilibrium dialysis experiments using a multicompartmental system, a higher
      affinity for various basic drugs has been found with S- in comparison with F-AAG:
      Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, trimipramine, methadone,
      thioridazine, clomipramine, desmethylclomipramine, and maprotiline. The
      selectivity (binding to S- vs. F-AAG) is the most pronounced for methadone and
      the lowest for thioridazine, while it is absent for the acidic drug mephenytoin.

PMID- 3368023
TI  - The nursing shortage in a changing health care system.

PMID- 3368024
TI  - Thank Heaven for volunteers.

PMID- 3368025
TI  - The incorporation of monomethylethanolamine and dimethylethanolamine in fetal
      brain aggregating cell culture.
AB  - Fetal rat brain aggregating cell cultures were exposed to varying concentrations
      of [3H]monomethylethanolamine (MME) and [3H] dimethylethanolamine (DME). The rate
      of labeling of water-soluble compounds was more rapid and the amount of
      radioactivity present was greater than in the lipids. After a 72 hour incubation
      in the presence of millimolar concentrations of these nitrogenous bases, the
      major water-soluble products were the phosphorylated form of the bases. Little
      label was associated with the free bases or their cytidyl derivative. In the
      phospholipids, 97% of the radioactivity was recovered in
      phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME) and 3% in
      phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME) or 95% in PDME and 5% in
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) after growth in presence of [3H]MME and [3H]DME
      respectively. The rate of formation of the radioactive products increased as
      function of the concentration of the nitrogenous base added up to 4 mM, the
      highest concentration employed. There was no significant difference in the
      pattern of labeling with cells grown in media devoid of methionine or choline.
      The turnover of the water-soluble metabolites was more rapid than in the
      phospholipids where an apparent half-life of 24 hours was calculated.

PMID- 3368026
TI  - Cerebral metabolism of plasma [14C]palmitate in awake, adult rat: subcellular
      localization.
AB  - Following intravenous injection of [U-14C]palmitate in awake adult rats, whole
      brain radioactivity reached a broad maximum between 15-60 min, then declined
      rapidly to reach a relatively stable level between 4 hr and 20 hr. At 44 hr total
      radioactivity was 57% of the 4 hr value (p less than 0.05). About 50% of
      palmitate which entered the brain from the blood was oxidized rapidly, producing
      14C-labeled water-soluble components which later left the cytosol. Radioactivity
      in the cytosolic fraction peaked at 45 min and then declined, coincident with the
      decline in total brain radioactivity. Membrane fractions were rapidly labeled to
      levels which remained relatively stable from 1 to 44 hr. Increases in the
      relative distributions of radioactivity were seen between 1 and 4 hr for the
      microsomal and mitochondrial fractions, and beyond 4 hr for the synaptic and
      myelin membrane fractions (p less than 0.05). Radioactivity in membrane fractions
      was 80-90% lipid, 5-13% water-soluble components and 3-17% protein. The
      proportion of label in membrane-associated protein increased with time.
      Proportions of radioactivity in the combined membrane fractions increased from
      65% to 76% to 80% at 4, 20 and 44 hr, respectively. The results show that plasma
      derived palmitate enters oxidative and synthetic pathways to an equal extent,
      immediately after entry into the brain. At and after 4 hr, the radiolabel resides
      predominantly in stable membrane lipids and protein. Brain radioactivity at 4 hr
      can be used therefore, to examine incorporation of palmitate into lipids in vivo,
      in different experimental conditions.

PMID- 3368027
TI  - Preparation and purification of gamma gamma enolase (neuron-specific enolase)
      using high performance anion exchange chromatography.
AB  - A simple and rapid method, using only two chromatographic steps, is described for
      the purification and preparation of gamma gamma enolase isoenzymes from human and
      beef brain extracts. In the first step, a crude gamma gamma enolase was obtained
      by chromatography on Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column. The crude fraction was then
      purified by high performance anion exchange chromatography on a Mono-Q column.
      gamma gamma enolase obtained in this manner was shown to be homogeneous by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by high performance gel
      permeation chromatography. The yield of gamma gamma enolase by this method was 7
      8 mg of pure enzyme per 100 g of brain.

PMID- 3368028
TI  - Regional brain GABA metabolism and release during hepatic coma produced in rats
      chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - Hepatic coma was induced in rats chronically treated with CCl4, by means of a
      single injection of ammonium acetate. The activities of glutamate decarboxylase
      (GAD) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T), as well as the synaptosomal uptake and
      release of [3H]GABA, were measured in the following brain areas of the comatose
      rats: cortex, striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain and cerebellum.
      Hepatic coma was associated with a general decrease of GAD activity, whereas GABA
      T activity was diminished only in the hypothalamus, striatum and midbrain. During
      hepatic coma, the K+-stimulated [3H]GABA release was notably diminished in the
      striatum and cerebellum, whereas a significant increase was observed in the
      hippocampus. [3H]GABA uptake increased in most regions after CCl4 treatment,
      independently of the presence of coma. The results indicate that GABAergic
      transmission seems to be decreased in most cerebral regions during hepatic coma.

PMID- 3368029
TI  - Receptors for phorbol esters are primarily localized in neurons: comparison of
      neuronal and glial cultures.
AB  - Binding of [3H]PDB has been measured in the present study to determine the levels
      of protein kinase C in the neuronal and astrocytic glial cells in culture from
      rat brain. Binding of [3H]PDB to homogenates of cultured neuronal cells from the
      brains of normotensive and hypertensive rats was time-dependent and specific. The
      relative potency for competition by various phorbol esters to [3H]PDB binding was
      TPA greater than beta-PDD greater than POE greater than alpha-PDD greater than or
      equal to 4 alpha phorbol. Scatchard analysis showed that neuronal cultures from
      normotensive rat brains contained 2-3 fold more phorbol ester receptors compared
      with the glial cultures from the same brains. No differences in the Kd and Bmax
      were observed between neuronal cultures from normotensive and spontaneously
      hypertensive rat brains. These studies suggest that the phorbol ester receptors
      are primarily localized in neuronal cells.

PMID- 3368031
TI  - [On the mechanism underlying spasmogenic actions of oxy-hemoglobin on the
      cerebral artery, analyzed from the inhibitory effects of nicardipine, procaine
      and indomethacin].
AB  - The present study was to analyze the basic mechanism underlying spasmogenic
      actions of Oxy-hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) on the bovine cerebral arteries. Using helical
      strips of the middle cerebral arteries (M2), the changes in muscular tension
      during an isometric contraction induced by either Oxy-Hb, hydrogen peroxide
      (H2O2), high potassium-ion-Tyrode (30 mM K+), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2
      alpha), or carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (cTXA2) were recorded on the polygraph.
      Blocking effects of nicardipine, procaine indomethacin were compared on the
      contractions produced by each reagent described above. The results obtained are
      summarized as follows. 1) H2O2 dissolved in different concentrations produced
      arterial contractions similar to those by equimolar Oxy-Hb, showing similar dose
      response curves. In contrast, equimolar met-hemoglobin (Met-Hb) always produced
      much weaker contractions. When the equimolar H2O2 was applied during an Oxy-Hb
      induced contraction, the response to H2O2 was completely occluded. When H2O2 was
      applied during a Met-Hb-induced contraction, the response to H2O2 was not
      occluded and always additive to the response to Met-Hb. Indomethacin blocked both
      responses to Oxy-Hb and H2O2, showing similar dose dependence. 2) The above
      results suggested that Oxy-Hb induced contraction consisted of two components; a
      strong contraction by active oxygen within Hb molecule, and a weak contraction by
      Hb molecule itself. The former may be mediated by some PG's which are produced
      inside the muscle cells as the results of arachidonic acid release and subsequent
      cyclooxygenase activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368030
TI  - A hemagglutinin specific for sialic acids in a rat brain synaptic vesicle
      enriched fraction.
AB  - A hemagglutinating activity was detected in a synaptic vesicle-enriched fraction
      prepared from adult rat brain, using trypsinized glutaraldehyde-fixed rabbit
      erythrocytes. The specific activity of the fraction, in two series of
      experiments, was 7.5 and 16-fold higher than in the other subcellular fractions.
      The activity was absent from the synaptosome cytosol. In a study using twenty
      five different carbohydrates and glycoproteins, best inhibitors were N
      acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, together with bovine
      submaxillary mucin and a glycopeptide fraction prepared from rabbit erythrocyte
      membranes. The activity was thermolabile and very sensitive to proteolytic
      enzymes (but insensitive to neuraminidase) indicating that a protein (agglutinin)
      is responsible for the activity. Experiments using detergents and high ionic
      strength showed that the agglutinin is tightly bound to membranes, inactivated by
      the so-called non denaturing detergents, and stable in diluted sodium dodecyl
      sulphate. Hypotheses are discussed on the possible function of the agglutinin.

PMID- 3368032
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of multiple aneurysms--review of 372 cases].
AB  - The authors review the surgical results in 372 cases of multiple intracranial
      aneurysms during this 25-year period in which one of the authors (JS) performed
      2,000 direct operations for aneurysms. All patients were classified into four
      groups according to the location of aneurysms as follows: Group 1: multiple
      aneurysms including anterior communicating artery aneurysm (157 cases); Group 2:
      multiple aneurysms of unilateral anterior circulation (72 cases); Group 3:
      multiple aneurysms of bilateral anterior circulation (110 cases); Group 4:
      multiple aneurysms including vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms (33 cases). In
      multiple aneurysm cases, their policy has been to treat all aneurysms, ruptured
      and unruptured, in a one-stage operation whenever possible. About 90% of patients
      in both Group 1 and Group 2 were treated by one-stage operations, while 60% of
      patients in Group 3 and 42% of in Group 4 were operated on in the same manner.
      Excellent and good results in from 73% to 81% of cases was obtained in patients
      of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3. Morbidity was 14-19% and mortality was 6-8%.
      These results were almost equal to the results with a single aneurysm of the
      anterior circulation. On the other hand, the surgical results in Group 4 were
      poor with a mortality of 27%. Poor results were attributable to the postoperative
      rebleeding from the untreated vertebro-basilar aneurysms, which were thought to
      be unruptured aneurysms preoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368033
TI  - [Revascularization of vertebro-basilar occlusive disease].
AB  - Various surgical techniques have been reported for vascular reconstruction in
      cases of vertebro-basilar occlusive disease, but sufficient study has not been
      made on the question of which technique should be applied in various pathological
      conditions. Based on our experience, we have examined the advantages and
      disadvantages of these techniques. In 34 patients with clinically and
      angiographically diagnosed vertebro-basilar insufficiency, the reconstructive
      vascular surgery to the posterior circulation was performed. Preoperatively, 24
      had vertebro-basilar TIAs, 2 had RIND, 3 had progressing symptoms and 5 had brain
      stem infarctions verified by persistent deficits. In the 18 patients with
      intracranial vertebro-basilar occlusive lesions, the bypass were done to the
      proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 7 cases, proximal superior
      cerebellar artery in 9 cases, posterior cerebral artery in one and anterior
      inferior cerebellar artery in one. In the 16 patients with extracranial occlusive
      lesions of vertebral artery, endarterectomy or subclavian-vertebral transposition
      was performed. With the exception of one of the progressing stroke cases, in
      which the surgery was ultimately too late, there were no cases in which
      neurological symptoms become aggravated following operation. Patency was 94%
      (32/34). In light of these findings, the following conclusions concerning the
      operative indication and the selection of the technique have been drawn. In cases
      with occlusive lesions of basilar artery, the first choice should be bypass to
      the proximal superior cerebellar artery. In cases with occlusive lesions of
      vertebral artery, bypass to the posterior inferior cerebellar or superior
      cerebellar or anterior inferior cerebellar artery should be performed.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368034
TI  - [Intramedullary invasion by a cervical cystic neurinoma--a case report].
AB  - This report examines a case involving a huge cystic cervical neurinoma existing
      extra- and intramedullary. The histogenesis of intramedullary neurinoma,
      pathohistogenesis of large intratumoral cyst are discussed. The role of Magnetic
      Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of spinal tumors is also discussed. A 23
      year-old male was admitted to our ward or having tetraparesis. On admission,
      spastic tetraparesis and sensory disturbance below level C 2 were noticed.
      Electrophysiological examinations suggested a left-dominant intraspinal lesion.
      Conventional radiological examinations revealed widened cervical spinal canal,
      swelling of the spinal cord at level C 6-7, left extramedullary mass at level C
      5, and a complete block at level C 4. MRI disclosed intramedullary tumor existing
      from the medulla oblongata to the lower cervical including macrocysts, and an
      extramedullary tumor on the left at level C 3-5. Surgical exploration was made
      and both of intra- and extramedullary tumors were confirmed to be neurinoma. The
      postoperative course was favourable. The patient was able to walk with aids, and
      was referred to the rehabilitation center 6 months after the operation. In
      histological investigations, the major components of the tumors were typically
      Antoni-A type neurinoma, and an abundant hemosiderin deposits. There were many
      hyalinized whorling portions around the cysts. Though spinal neurinoma is the
      most common spinal tumor, the intramedullary neurinoma is extremely rare. Only 31
      cases have been reported as far as we could investigated. The histogenesis of
      this type of lesion is still unsettled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368035
TI  - Isolation of neurosecretory granules containing vasopressin and MSEL-neurophysin
      from guinea pig neurointermediate pituitary.
AB  - Neurosecretory granules have been isolated from rat and guinea pig
      neurointermediate pituitaries and their contents have been analyzed by reverse
      phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
      Granule components have been compared with synthetic neurohypophysial hormones
      and chemically characterized neurophysins. In rat granules, oxytocin, arginine
      vasopressin and MSEL- and VLDV-neurophysins have been identified. In isolated
      guinea pig granules, only arginine vasopressin and mature MSEL-neurophysin have
      been found. From these results it can be concluded that both the "dibasic"
      cleavage between vasopressin and MSEL-neurophysin and the "monobasic" cleavage
      between MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin occur within the granule compartment.
      Previous isolation from frozen guinea pig glands of a partially processed
      precursor encompassing MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin suggests a two-step
      processing of the three-domain vasopressin precursor, each involving a distinct
      enzymic system.

PMID- 3368036
TI  - Calcium requirements for barium stimulation of enkephalin and vasoactive
      intestinal peptide biosynthesis in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells.
AB  - The divalent cation barium was used to study the role of calcium in coupling
      neuropeptide secretion and biosynthesis following secretagogue stimulation of
      bovine chromaffin cells. Barium chloride (0.1-2.5 mM) stimulated in a dose
      dependent manner the secretion of met-enkephalin (up to 20% of intracellular
      peptide content) and increased the total amount (cell plus medium content) of met
      enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) 2- to 3-fold after 72
      hours. A greater than six-fold increase in proenkephalin mRNA (mRNA(enk)) was
      observed by 24 hours following barium stimulation. The voltage-sensitive calcium
      channel blocker D600 inhibited the barium-stimulated secretion of enkephalin and
      blocked the stimulation of VIP biosynthesis and mRNA(enk). Reducing calcium in
      the medium resulted in an enhancement of barium-stimulated release of both
      peptides, but blocked the induction of their biosynthesis. The data indicate that
      calcium targets involved in secretion can be activated by barium or calcium while
      calcium targets involved in biosynthesis specifically require calcium. It is
      therefore proposed that pathways leading to peptide secretion and biosynthesis in
      the adrenal diverge just after secretagogue-stimulated calcium influx.

PMID- 3368038
TI  - Haematological changes induced by the intravenous injection of CCK-8 in rats
      subjected to haemorrhagic shock.
AB  - In rats bled to invariably fatal haemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure = 18
      24 mmHg), the prompt and sustained improvement of cardiovascular function,
      obtained with the i.v. injection of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 20 g/kg)
      is associated with a massive increase in the volume of residual circulating blood
      (0.69 +/- 0.12 ml/100 g b.w. in saline-treated rats; 1.61 +/- 0.09 ml/100 g b.w.
      in CCK-8-treated rats). The number of red cells/mm3 and the % Hb content is the
      same in CCK-8-treated and in control rats. So, in a condition of severe
      haemorrhage, otherwise incompatible with survival, the i.v. injection of CCK-8
      not only induces an impressive increase in arterial pressure and in circulating
      blood volume, but also greatly improves tissue oxygenation.

PMID- 3368037
TI  - Regional effects of apomorphine on rat brain cholecystokinin-8 like
      immunoreactivity following electrolytic lesions of the ventral tegmental area.
AB  - After bilateral electrocoagulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats,
      apomorphine (APO) was administered intraperitoneally to study the effect on the
      cholecystokinin-8 like immunoreactivity (CCK-8 IR) in the medial prefrontal
      cortex, the anterior and posterior part of the nucleus accumbens and the corpus
      striatum. In the medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior part of the nucleus
      accumbens, CCK-8 IR was markedly decreased by lesioning of the VTA. Then recovery
      of CCK-8 IR was noted in the APO treated rats following electrolytic lesioning of
      the VTA. This recovery corresponds to the response of CCK neurons not originating
      in the VTA or CCK interneurons to APO via DA receptors. In the anterior part of
      the nucleus accumbens and the corpus striatum, no significant decrease in CCK-8
      IR was noted even following lesioning of the VTA. APO administration following
      the lesioning, however, resulted in a marked increase in CCK-8 IR in the anterior
      part of the nucleus accumbens and the corpus striatum. According to this result,
      in these sites, very few CCK neurons originating in the VTA exist and CCK neurons
      originating in sites other than the VTA or CCK interneurons react on APO via DA
      receptors.

PMID- 3368039
TI  - Characteristics of 125I-Bolton-Hunter labelled cholecystokinin binding in human
      brain.
AB  - The high affinity binding of 125I-Bolton-Hunter labelled CCK-8 (125I-BHCCK) was
      studied in human brain using ligand binding and autoradiographic techniques. High
      levels of 125I-BHCCK binding were observed in cortex, striatum and cerebellum. In
      cerebellar membranes 125I-BHCCK binding was inhibited by CCK analogues with an
      order of potency, caerulein greater than CCK-8 greater than CCK-33 greater than
      gastrin 1-17 = CCK-8 non-sulphated. CCK-4 was inactive. It is suggested that in
      human brain 125I-BHCCK labels a population of CCK receptors similar to those
      observed in guinea pig brain. The properties and distribution of these receptors
      differ from those of rat brain.

PMID- 3368041
TI  - Acetylcholine quanta are released from vesicles by exocytosis (and why some think
      not).

PMID- 3368042
TI  - Dendritic RNA and postsynaptic density formation in chick cerebellar
      synaptogenesis.
AB  - In order to investigate the ribosomal origin of the postsynaptic densities during
      chick cerebellar maturation, a new procedure for synaptosomal preparation was
      implemented. Samples from embryonic chick cerebellar cortex, from 14 to 20 days
      of development and young adult chicks, were initially mechanically dissociated
      after treatment with 1.25% trypsin for 10 min; with this procedure we were able
      to obtain a dendritic suspension from which an enriched synaptosomal fraction was
      prepared in a discontinuous Ficoll sucrose gradient. RNA and protein values
      determined from the synaptosomal fractions showed the following variations: from
      46.3 ng RNA/mg of wet weight at day 14 to 616.7 ng RNA/mg of wet weight at day
      18; in young adult chicks, the average was 242 ng RNA/mg of wet weight.
      RNA/protein ratio varied from 78.9 micrograms RNA/mg protein at day 16 to 329.8
      micrograms RNA/mg protein at day 18; in the young adult chick, this ratio
      decreased to 68.4 micrograms RNA/mg protein. The highest value of RNA was
      obtained at day 18 of chick embryo development coinciding with the maximum period
      of synaptic formation and consequently of the PSDs. These results seem to
      reinforce the hypothesis of the ribosomal origin of the PSDs.

PMID- 3368043
TI  - Distribution of inferior olivary projections to the vestibular nuclei of albino
      rabbits.
AB  - This study analyses the course and topography of olivo-vestibular projections
      originating in the dorsal cap, ventrolateral outgrowth and beta nucleus of albino
      rabbits. Rabbits were given either single pressure-injections of [3H]L-leucine
      (20 microCi in 50 nl) or single or multiple injections of 3-acetylpyridine (0.2
      0.25 microliter of 27.5 micrograms/microliter in saline) into the medial aspect
      of the inferior olive. Brains from the former animals were processed for
      autoradiography after 2-3 days survival; brains from the latter animals were
      stained for degeneration with cupric-silver methods after a 16-24 h survival. In
      addition, four rabbits with kainic acid lesions of the flocculus were used to
      document flocculo-vestibular projections. Olivo-vestibular projections from the
      dorsal cap ventrolateral outgrowth, beta nucleus and the medial accessory olive
      diverge from olivo-cerebellar projections at the caudal margin of the flocculus
      stalk, and course medially in a broad sheet. Fibers (1) ascend in the superior
      fascicle, with flocculo-vestibular projections, to the superior vestibular
      nucleus, (2) enter the medial fascicle, with flocculo-vestibular fibers, and
      course along the dorsolateral border of the 4th ventricle to innervate a distinct
      rostral subdivision of the medial vestibular nucleus, and (3) enter the lateral
      fascicle, with flocculo-vestibular fibers, to terminate in pars alpha and beta of
      the lateral vestibular nucleus and the caudal subdivision of the medial
      vestibular nucleus. Comparison of different injection cases indicate that the
      caudal half to two-thirds of the dorsal cap contributes projections to the
      rostral medial vestibular nucleus, centrolateral and dorsomedial aspects of the
      superior vestibular nucleus, and a projection to both central and dorsal aspects
      of the caudal medial vestibular nucleus. By contrast, the rostral third to half
      of the dorsal cap-ventrolateral outgrowth projects sparsely to the rostral medial
      vestibular nucleus, contributing dense projections to the central aspect of the
      superior vestibular nucleus and dorsomedial and lateral regions in the caudal
      medial vestibular nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3368040
TI  - Regional brain concentrations of neurotensin following amygdaloid kindled and
      cortical suprathreshold stimulation-induced seizures in the rat.
AB  - There is now considerable evidence that putative neuropeptides are involved in
      epileptogenic processes. Neurotensin (NT), which affects neuronal excitability in
      many parts of the CNS, is potentially relevant to the kindling phenomenon, but
      has not previously been studied in the kindling model of epilepsy. This study
      compared the short term (24 hr) and long term (3 wk) effects of amygdaloid
      kindled seizures, and the short term effects of non-kindled seizures (cortical
      suprathreshold stimulation-induced seizures, STS), on the concentrations of NT in
      13 brain regions in the rat. Whereas kindled seizures produced neither short term
      nor long term changes in NT, the STS resulted in altered NT concentrations, with
      a decrease in the cortex and increases in the hippocampus and cervical spinal
      cord. These results reveal seizure-type specific changes in NT in 3 brain
      regions; and indicate that although NT does not appear to be involved in
      kindling, it may be important in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying STS.

PMID- 3368044
TI  - Synaptic mechanisms of interaction between Deiters' nucleus and the nuclei of
      some cranial nerves.
AB  - The effects of stimulation of the vestibular nerve, spinal trigeminal nucleus,
      facial and hypoglossal nuclei of the cranial nerves on the neuronal activity in
      the lateral vestibular nucleus of Deiters were studied in cats anaesthetized with
      pentobarbitone. Stimulation of these nuclei was found to produce antidromic and
      synaptic activation of Deiters' neurons. Descending axon collaterals of the
      vestibular neurons to these brainstem structures were revealed. Stimulation of
      the VIIIth nerve, spinal trigeminal and facial nuclei evoked mono- and
      polysynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials in Deiters' neurons. Stimulation
      of the spinal trigeminal nucleus evoked mono- and polysynaptic inhibitory
      postsynaptic potentials and disfacilitation in Deiters' neurons. In some
      vestibular neurons inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were also evoked by
      stimulation of the nucleus hypoglossus. Convergence of influences from these
      structures on Deiters' neurons was shown to exist. The peculiarities and
      functional significance of the effects mentioned are discussed.

PMID- 3368046
TI  - Acetylcholine receptor synthesis rate and levels of receptor subunit messenger
      RNAs in chick muscle.
AB  - Levels of mRNAs specific for the alpha-, gamma- and delta-subunit of the
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor were measured in chick skeletal muscle by
      solution hybridization, using a genomic DNA probe containing the intramembrane
      segments M2 and M3 of the alpha-subunit and probes comprising exons 2-6 and exons
      4-8, respectively, of the gamma- and delta-subunit. In the innervated calf
      musculature of adult chickens, receptor-specific messages were detected in
      approx. 100-fold excess over the amount required to account for the observed
      synthesis rate. Within 1 week after section of the sciatic nerve, alpha-, gamma-
      and delta-subunit message levels rose 112-, 42- and 24-fold, respectively, while
      receptor expression rate increased about 150-fold. The rise in message levels
      preceded the denervation-induced increase in receptor concentration. In
      differentiating myogenic cells all three messages were found in excess over the
      amounts required for the observed rate of receptor synthesis. Treatment of
      differentiated myotubes with drugs that change receptor synthesis rate
      selectively affects alpha-subunit mRNA. In all situations in vitro and in vivo
      the alpha-subunit mRNA was found to reach final levels faster, and to be from 3
      to over 30 times more abundant, than the other messages. These observations
      corroborate earlier evidence for a regulatory mechanism in which the supply of
      mRNA determines acetylcholine receptor synthesis rate. They also suggest that
      receptor expression is not simply proportional to acetylcholine receptor subunit
      mRNA concentrations, but rather is controlled, to a considerable extent, by the
      efficiency with which the receptor-specific mRNAs and/or the subunits they code
      for are subsequently utilized.

PMID- 3368045
TI  - Behavior of neurons in the abducens nucleus of the alert cat--III. Axotomized
      motoneurons.
AB  - The effects of peripheral and central VIth nerve axotomy on abducens nucleus
      synaptic potentials of vestibular origin and the ultrastructure of
      intracellularly labeled abducens motoneurons were examined in the anesthetized
      cat. Subsequent experiments explored the activity of identified abducens
      motoneurons during spontaneous and vestibular induced eye movements in alert cats
      prepared for chronic recordings of eye movements, single units and field
      potentials. Following axotomy the typical disynaptic inhibition of abducens
      motoneurons induced by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral vestibular nerve
      either disappeared or was reduced for 5-30 days. Disynaptic activation produced
      by contralateral VIIIth nerve stimulation was apparently not affected. These
      changes were accompanied at the ultrastructural level by a decrease of axosomatic
      pleiomorphic synaptic endings. No changes were observed in either the number or
      distribution of synaptic endings on proximal and distal dendrites. Although not
      expected by results obtained in acute experiments, axotomized motoneurons showed
      a decreased excitability in the behavioral paradigm. Amplitude of the abducens
      antidromic field potential was significantly reduced 4-6 days following axotomy
      and frequent failures were observed in the antidromic somadendritic invasion of
      single motoneurons. Somatic invasion was obtained by the simultaneous
      presentation of appropriate visual and/or vestibular synaptic activity. Chronic
      recordings of field potentials showed their amplitude to recover in 30-40 days.
      The spontaneous and vestibular induced activity of identified axotomized
      motoneurons during this period of time differed in several aspects from controls.
      Motoneurons could not maintain tonic activity during eye fixations and they
      showed short, low frequency, bursts of activity that followed, rather than
      preceded, on-directed saccades. In some cases axotomized motoneurons fired during
      horizontal off-directed and vertical saccades. Position and velocity gains of
      axotomized motoneurons were lower than control values. The effects of central
      axotomy were always larger and of longer duration than those following peripheral
      axotomy. Structural and functional properties influenced by axotomy seemed to
      recover in 2-3 months, but with independent time courses. The present results
      differ in many aspects from those described after axotomy in spinal and
      hypoglossal motoneurons. In addition, they point out that behavior or axotomized
      neurons in chronic preparations are not predictable on the basis of those
      described in acute experiments.

PMID- 3368047
TI  - Age-related loss of synaptic terminals in the rat medial nucleus of the trapezoid
      body.
AB  - The effect of aging on axosomatic synaptic terminals in the rat medial nucleus of
      the trapezoid body was studied using quantitative electron microscopy. In young
      adult rats (3 months of age), the mean percentage of the surface area of
      principal cells covered by synaptic terminals is 61.7% (S.E.M. = 4.1) while in
      aged animals (27-33 months of age) the per cent coverage is 43.7% (S.E.M. = 3.3).
      Likewise, between 3 and 27-33 months of age, the average number of synaptic
      terminals present along a 100 micron length of principal cell surface decreases
      significantly (P less than 0.001) from 28.3 (S.E.M. = 1.3) to 18.9 (S.E.M. =
      1.3). Only terminals derived from calyces of Held are lost in the aged animals,
      displaying a 37% reduction between 3 and 27-33 months of age. The length of
      apposition by synaptic terminals in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body does
      not change significantly with aging. We conclude that because of a significant
      loss of calycine synaptic endings, the structure of calyces of Held becomes less
      complex with advancing age in rats. This would presumably result in an age
      related partial deafferentation of principal cells, causing significant
      alterations in the processing of auditory information in the medial nucleus of
      the trapezoid body.

PMID- 3368048
TI  - Nonlinear relationship between impulse flow and dopamine released by rat midbrain
      dopaminergic neurons as studied by in vivo electrochemistry.
AB  - Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons discharge either in a single spike mode or in a
      bursting pattern. In order to investigate the influence of these patterns on
      dopamine release, extracellular dopamine was electrochemically monitored in vivo
      in the olfactory tuberculum of anaesthetized rats by means of two approaches. In
      the first, a pure signal, unequivocally corresponding to extracellular dopamine,
      was recorded every minute from pargyline treated rats by differential normal
      pulse voltammetry combined with electrochemically treated carbon fibre
      electrodes. In the second, the differential current solely due to oxidation of
      all the catechols was monitored every 1 s in drug-free rats by differential pulse
      amperometry. In basal conditions this current was mainly due to extracellular
      DOPAC. However, electrical stimulation of the dopaminergic pathway for 20 s
      elicited an immediate increase in this signal. This effect was due to evoked
      dopamine release since it was strongly enhanced by amphetamine (2 mg/kg) or
      pargyline (75 mg/kg) injections. As studied with both approaches, the evoked
      increase in extracellular dopamine concentration was immediate and lasted as long
      as the stimulation. The amplitude of the effect depended on the frequency of the
      stimulation (from 3 to 14 Hz) in an exponential manner but never exceeded 1
      microM dopamine. Bursting stimulations (frequency within the trains: 14 Hz) were
      twice as potent as regularly spaced ones, having the same average frequency (5
      Hz). In conditions which mimicked the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic
      neurons when they switch from one pattern to the other (4 Hz regularly spaced
      stimulation versus trains at a mean frequency of 6 Hz), the bursting stimulations
      were found to be up to 6 times more potent. Therefore, as regards the functional
      efficacy of DA neurons, bursting might be much more important than mean firing
      frequency.

PMID- 3368049
TI  - neuropeptides in long ascending spinal tract cells in the rat: evidence for
      parallel processing of ascending information.
AB  - A study has been made of the involvement of spinal peptidergic neurons in
      ascending tracts at lumbar-sacral levels in rats, by combining the retrograde
      transport of a protein-gold complex with immunocytochemistry. Ten neuropeptides
      have been considered for their presence in the cells of origin of the following
      six ascending tracts, including some involved in pain transmission: the
      spinosolitary tract, the medial and lateral spinoreticular tracts, the
      spinomesencephalic tract, the spinothalamic tract and the postsynaptic dorsal
      column tract. Although there was overlap in the distribution of several of the
      types of peptidergic cells and some ascending tract cells only a very small
      percentage of long ascending tract cells were found to contain neuropeptides.
      Most (90%) of those peptidergic ascending tract cells, however, were clearly
      congregated in two distinct spinal regions: the lateral spinal nucleus and the
      region surrounding the central canal (including lamina X). Ascending tract cells
      in both of these regions contained a wide variety of neuropeptides.
      Immunoreactivities for a total of seven different peptides were seen. The lateral
      spinal nucleus had the highest percentage of neuropeptide containing ascending
      tract cells; cells of all the four populations of peptidergic neurons lying in
      this region were involved in supraspinal projections; they stained for vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide, bombesin, substance P or dynorphin and their axons
      projected in the spinomesencephalic, spinoreticular and spinosolitary tracts. The
      region surrounding the central canal contained bombesin-, enkephalin-,
      cholecystokinin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive ascending tract cells; these
      cells were found at the origin of the spinothalamic, spinomesencephalic,
      spinoreticular and spinosolitary tracts. In this region only the cells staining
      for substance P were not involved in supraspinal projections. The peptidergic
      ascending tract cells in other spinal regions were few; they were found in either
      lamina I or lateral part of lamina V. Ascending tract lamina I cells reacted for
      dynorphin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and their axons projected in the
      spinosolitary and spinomesencephalic tracts. Ascending tract lamina V cells
      reacted for somatostatin and were found at the origin of the medial component of
      the spinoreticular tract. It is proposed that peptidergic ascending tract cells
      form minor but distinct subgroups within each ascending tract. Each of the
      ascending tracts are divisible into peptide- and nonpeptide-containing groups of
      cells which convey information in a parallel fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3368051
TI  - Synchronous bursting of locus coeruleus neurons in tissue culture.
AB  - Synchronous bursts of firing of locus coeruleus neurons have been observed in
      unanesthetized rats, particularly in response to various sensory stimuli. In
      explant tissue cultures, synchronous bursting activity of locus coeruleus neurons
      was also observed and the possible mechanisms responsible for this synchronous
      activation have been investigated. Barrages of depolarizing events apparently
      initiated and continued throughout spontaneous bursts of spikes in the cultured
      neurons. Simultaneous intracellular recordings from pairs of neurons show a very
      high degree of synchrony of such barrages between cells. On the basis of tests
      for electrical coupling in simultaneously recorded cell pairs, and tests for dye
      coupling with Lucifer Yellow, it was concluded that the synchrony is not due to
      electrical coupling of locus coeruleus neurons. Small non-synaptic interactions
      between cell pairs that may reflect elevated extracellular potassium levels have
      been observed on some occasions. Spontaneous and evoked depolarizations similar
      to those initiating the bursts appear to be synaptically mediated events,
      suggesting that locus coeruleus neurons are synchronously activated by a common
      excitatory input. It was concluded that the neurons providing this common
      excitation are located within or very close to the locus coeruleus, at least at
      birth. The synchronization of activation of many locus coeruleus neurons could
      result in almost simultaneous release of neurotransmitter in the widespread
      target areas of locus coeruleus projections.

PMID- 3368050
TI  - Unilateral and bilateral nucleus basalis lesions: differences in neurochemical
      and behavioural recovery.
AB  - The neurochemical and behavioural recovery following unilateral and bilateral
      lesions of the nucleus basalis was investigated in adult male Wistar rats 20 days
      and 6 months after surgery. The lesions were made by stereotaxic injections of
      ibotenic acid. Twenty days after surgery there was a statistically significant
      choline acetyltransferase decrease in the frontal and parietal ipsilateral cortex
      of the unilaterally lesioned rats and in the cortex of both hemispheres after
      bilateral lesions. Cortical high affinity choline uptake rate was significantly
      decreased 4 days after lesions but showed a rapid recovery within 20 days post
      lesion in unilaterally and bilaterally lesioned rats. However, at this time both
      groups of lesioned rats showed a marked impairment in the acquisition of passive
      and active (shuttle-box) avoidance conditioned responses. Six months after
      surgery the decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity was smaller and
      statistically significant in the ipsilateral frontal cortex only in the
      unilaterally lesioned rats and in the frontal and parietal cortex of both
      hemispheres in the bilaterally lesioned rats. High affinity choline uptake was
      increased in the contralateral hemispheres of the unilaterally lesioned rats and
      was significantly larger than in the bilaterally lesioned rats. There was no
      difference in the acquisition of both passive and active avoidance conditioned
      responses between the sham operated and unilaterally lesioned rats, while the
      bilaterally lesioned rats could only negotiate the active avoidance conditioned
      response. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate a remarkable neurochemical
      and behavioural recovery within 6 months in rats with a unilateral lesion of the
      nucleus basalis and only a limited recovery in the bilateral lesioned rats.

PMID- 3368052
TI  - The connections between the suprachiasmatic, ventrolateral geniculate and raphe
      nuclei studied by uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose.
AB  - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose method was used to investigate the role of the
      ventrolateral geniculate and raphe nuclei in the control of the metabolism of the
      suprachiasmatic nuclei in adult female Wistar rats anaesthetized with
      alphaxalone. Three to seven days before the [14C]2-deoxyglucose studies a
      stimulating electrode was implanted or a lesion was made in the ventrolateral
      geniculate nucleus, or the ascending projection from the raphe nuclei was
      severed. Stimulation of the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus (biphasic
      rectangular pulses, 30 s on and 30 s off, 50 Hz, 500 microA pulse amplitude and 1
      ms pulse duration) led to a significant increase in the relative metabolic
      activity of the ipsilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus and a smaller increase in the
      relative metabolic activity of the contralateral suprachiasmatic nucleus. The
      stimulus also increased significantly the relative metabolic activities of mainly
      the ipsilateral hypothalamus, midbrain central gray and reticular formation, all
      of which are too remote from the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus to be affected
      by current spread. In animals in which the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus had
      been lesioned, the relative metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei was
      not significantly different from normal. In animals in which the ascending
      projection from the raphe nuclei had been severed, there was a slight, though
      significant increase in the relative metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus of one side. These results, together with the effects of stimulating the
      suprachiasmatic nuclei [R. C. Maxwell and G. Fink, Neuroscience 23, 241-263
      (1987)], show that the connections between the ventrolateral geniculate, raphe
      nuclei and suprachiasmatic nuclei are "metabolically functional", but that the
      integrity of the ventrolateral geniculate nucleus is not essential for
      maintaining the relative metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The
      raphe nuclei may reduce the relative metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic
      nucleus.

PMID- 3368053
TI  - Electrophysiological characterization of functionally distinct 5
      hydroxytryptamine receptors on guinea-pig submucous plexus.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the guinea-pig submucous
      plexus and the actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the postsynaptic membrane and on
      evoked synaptic potentials were examined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine produced two types
      of direct postsynaptic responses: (1) A depolarization associated with a fall in
      input resistance was observed in all cells. Voltage-clamp and ion substitutions
      showed that this depolarization resulted primarily from an inward sodium current.
      This response could be as brief as 30 ms; it showed desensitization and was
      selectively abolished by 0.2-2 microM ICS 205-930. (2) A depolarization (or
      inward current) associated with a decreased conductance was observed in about 50%
      of neurons, usually after the first response was blocked by ICS 205-930. This
      response was due to a decreased potassium conductance; the minimum time course of
      this response was 8-10 s. It did not show desensitization and was not sensitive
      to blockade by currently available antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine, nicotinic
      and/or muscarinic receptors. Higher concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine were
      required to produce the sodium conductance increase than the potassium
      conductance decrease; 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine was equally effective in
      producing these responses. 5-Hydroxytryptamine also caused a barrage of
      "spontaneous" nicotinic excitatory post-synaptic potentials which were sensitive
      to tetrodotoxin. This response desensitized, was blocked by ICS 205-930 and is
      presumed to reflect excitation of other cholinergic cell bodies in the plexus by
      the sodium conductance increase mechanism described. The evoked nicotinic
      excitatory postsynaptic potential and the adrenergic inhibitory postsynaptic
      potential were decreased by 5-hydroxytryptamine; a portion of this inhibition
      showed desensitization and was blocked by ICS 205-930 as well as by the
      muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and pirenzepine. The ICS 205-930
      insensitive portion of this inhibition could not be attributed to activation of 5
      hydroxytryptamine-1 or 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptors. Thus, the following
      conclusions are drawn: 5-hydroxytryptamine excites submucous plexus neurons by
      activating two distinct 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. Activation of the 5
      hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (sensitive to ICS 205-930) produces a depolarization
      mediated by an increased sodium conductance. The same effect occurring in other
      cholinergic cell bodies initiates action potentials which are responsible for the
      5-hydroxytryptamine-induced release of acetylcholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3368055
TI  - Neuronal pathways to the rat thyroid revealed by retrograde tracing and
      immunocytochemistry.
AB  - The distribution and origin of the nerve fibres innervating the rat thyroid were
      studied by immunocytochemistry, retrograde tracing and denervation experiments.
      Immunocytochemistry revealed nerve fibres containing noradrenaline, neuropeptide
      Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine-isoleucine, galanin,
      substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide around blood
      vessels and follicles. Many of these transmitter candidates were found to co
      exist with each other in different combinations in different subpopulations of
      neurons. Sympathectomy eliminated all noradrenaline- and
      noradrenaline/neuropeptide Y-containing fibres in the thyroid. Cervical vagotomy
      eliminated about 50% of the galanin-, substance P- and calcitonin gene-related
      peptide-containing fibres. Local denervation (removal of the thyroid ganglion and
      the thyroid nerve) eliminated all galanin- and substance P-immunoreactive fibres
      and the majority of noradrenaline-, noradrenaline/neuropeptide Y-, vasoactive
      intestinal peptide- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing fibres in the
      thyroid gland. Injection of True Blue into the thyroid gland labelled cell bodies
      in the thyroid ganglion, the laryngeal ganglion, the superior cervical ganglion,
      the jugular-nodose ganglionic complex, the dorsal root ganglia (C2-C5) and the
      trigeminal ganglion. Judging from the number of labelled nerve cell bodies, the
      superior cervical ganglion and the thyroid ganglion contribute most to the
      thyroid innervation, while the laryngeal ganglion and the trigeminal ganglion
      contribute least. The True Blue-labelled ganglia were examined for the presence
      of various populations of nerve cell bodies (only major populations are listed).
      The thyroid ganglion harboured neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide and
      galanin/vasoactive intestinal peptide cell bodies (in order of predominance); the
      laryngeal ganglion galanin/vasoactive intestinal peptide, vasoactive intestinal
      peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide cell bodies; the superior cervical
      ganglion noradrenaline/neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline cell bodies; the jugular
      ganglion calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P/calcitonin gene-related
      peptide and galanin/substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide cell bodies; the
      nodose ganglion vasoactive intestinal peptide and vasoactive intestinal
      peptide/galanin cell bodies; the dorsal root ganglia (C2-C5) and the trigeminal
      ganglion calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P/calcitonin gene-related
      peptide and galanin/substance P/calcitonin gene-related peptide cell
      bodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3368054
TI  - Return of nerve fibers containing gastrin-releasing peptide in rat small
      intestine after local removal of myenteric ganglia.
AB  - Gastrin-releasing peptide is a neuropeptide with a wide distribution in the rat
      small intestine. Most of the GRP-containing fibers are intramural in origin.
      Local severing of myenteric GRP neurons by circumferential removal of the outer
      longitudinal muscle layer together with the adherent myenteric ganglia (myectomy)
      in a segment of the rat jejunum resulted in the disappearance of GRP fibers from
      the myectomized circular muscle and from myenteric ganglia and both muscle layers
      for approximately 10 mm anally to the lesion. As examined at different time
      intervals up to 60 weeks postoperatively fine-varicose GRP fibers of a normal
      appearance were found to return gradually to the portion anal to the lesion
      beginning at 20 weeks, first in the more distal portions and then (after 40-60
      weeks) also in the more proximally located portions. Also the circular muscle in
      the myectomized segment became reinnervated during this time period. These fibers
      were notably coarse, more numerous than in control circular muscle, and arranged
      in thick bundles (hyperinnervation). Such nerve bundles were particularly
      frequent 40 weeks after the operation. The results indicate a remarkable
      plasticity of enteric neurons.

PMID- 3368056
TI  - Release of taurine, GABA and dopamine from rat striatal slices: mutual
      interactions and developmental aspects.
AB  - The spontaneous and potassium-stimulated release of preloaded taurine and GABA
      from striatal slices of adult and 7-day-old rats were studied using a superfusion
      system. Particular attention was paid to mutual interactions of taurine and GABA
      with dopamine in the release processes. Potassium stimulation (50 mM) enhanced
      taurine release more in the immature than in the adult striatum, whereas the
      response was the opposite with GABA release. Spontaneous taurine efflux was
      increased by dopamine and apomorphine, whereas stimulated release was suppressed
      by these agents in both age groups. This dopamine effect was partially
      antagonized by haloperidol, suggesting that dopaminergic systems were able to
      modify taurine release, possibly via dopaminergic receptors. Dopamine and
      apomorphine had similar but more inconsistent effects on striatal GABA release,
      which were not, however, mediated through conventional dopamine receptors.
      Stimulation with 25 mM K+ caused an 11-fold increase in striatal dopamine
      release: this effect was potentiated by taurine, while the actions of GABA on
      dopamine release were variable.

PMID- 3368057
TI  - Modified distribution patterns of responses in rat visual cortex induced by
      monocular enucleation.
AB  - Monocular enucleation was performed on rats at birth or on the 8th or 15th day,
      respectively. The animals were raised and from the age of 3 months the evoked
      activity was tested in the visual cortex. It was found that monocular enucleation
      changed the distribution of visually evoked responses. In the right hemisphere
      (contralateral to the preserved eye) two focuses of evoked potentials appeared
      with large amplitudes shifted to both sides, towards the lateral and medial
      borders of the primary visual area. In the left hemisphere the focus of the
      evoked potentials was shifted slightly laterally and posteriorly. Early
      enucleation caused an expansion of the somatosensory responses into the visual
      area. Bimodal neurons (responsive to visual and somatosensory stimuli) were
      observed in the anterior part of the primary and secondary visual areas
      contralateral to the enucleation. These changes became moderate with increasing
      age at which enucleation was performed and were not found in animals enucleated
      on the 15th day after birth.

PMID- 3368058
TI  - Zinc neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture.
AB  - Large amounts of zinc are endogenously present in synaptic vesicles of mammalian
      central excitatory boutons, and are likely released during synaptic activity;
      transient elevations in extracellular zinc concentration exceeding several
      hundred micromolar may accompany intense neuronal excitation. Exposure of mature
      cortical cell cultures, in mice, to similar concentrations of zinc for several
      minutes resulted in widespread neuronal injury; the extent of injury was
      dependent on both the concentration of zinc, and the length of exposure.
      Quantitative neuronal cell counts suggested an approximate neurotoxic ED50 of 600
      microM for a 15 min zinc exposure, and 225 microM for an 18-24 h exposure. High
      zinc concentrations or long exposure times resulted in the addition of glial
      injury to the neuronal injury; this glial injury could also be demonstrated in
      neuron-free glial cell cultures, and hence likely represented a direct effect of
      zinc rather than a consequence of neuronal injury. Neurons in immature cultures
      were relatively resistant to zinc-induced injury, suggesting that neuronal
      vulnerability to zinc increases with maturation in vitro. An early event
      associated with toxic exposure to zinc was gross neuronal swelling. This swelling
      was dependent on the presence of extracellular sodium, and, interestingly, could
      be delayed by the continued presence of zinc itself. Zinc-induced neuronal cell
      loss, however, occurred even when both sodium and calcium were absent during the
      exposure to zinc. The present results provide direct evidence that zinc might be
      a relatively potent, rapidly acting neurotoxin, and somewhat less potent
      gliotoxin, in the mammalian central nervous system. We suggest that zinc should
      be included on the growing list of endogenous toxins which may be involved in the
      acute pathogenesis of central neuronal, and possibly glial, cell loss in some
      disease states.

PMID- 3368059
TI  - Synaptic vesicle relationships with the presynaptic membrane as shown by a new
      method of fast chemical fixation.
AB  - Brief vascular perfusion of the rat brain with a mixture of concentrated
      aldehydes completely insolubilized the brain protein in less than 30 s and
      yielded excellent ultrastructural preservation. Abundant synaptic vesicles
      closely and specifically attached to the presynaptic membrane were constantly
      detected. These vesicles appeared to undergo progressive transformation into
      amorphous, electron-dense material. No evidence of vesicle exocytosis was
      detected in the brains perfused in vivo but fixations performed 1 h after death
      showed abundant exocytotic-like images. The results suggest that the vesicles may
      not be exocytotically released to the intersynaptic cleft but disintegrate
      intracytoplasmically in the immediate vicinity of the presynaptic membrane.

PMID- 3368060
TI  - Hormonal enhancement of neurogenesis and its relationship to the duration of
      olfactory memory.
AB  - On mating with a stud male, virgin female mice from an olfactory memory to this
      male which is essential to their reproductive success. Failure to form this
      memory results in the stud male being treated as strange, and hence, his
      pheromones block pregnancy. This study investigates the duration of the olfactory
      memory, and the factors which determine this. The results show that a single
      prolonged exposure to the male during mating forms a life-long olfactory memory
      trace unless pregnancy ensues. In the event of pregnancy the olfactory memory
      fades significantly faster, an effect which can be replicated by implants of
      oestradiol in non-pregnant females. Anatomical studies indicate that neurogenesis
      of the vomeronasal receptors is enhanced during pregnancy, an event which we
      interpret as being important for the duration of this olfactory memory.

PMID- 3368061
TI  - Perinatal methylazoxymethanol acetate uncouples coincidence of orientation of
      cerebellar folia and parallel fibers.
AB  - Perinatal administration of methylazoxymethanol acetate in the rat, as a one time
      injection on gestational day 21, postnatal days 0, 1 or 2, altered the parallel
      orientation of cerebellar folia. The effect persisted into adulthood. In animals
      injected on one of the postnatal days 3, 4 or 5, the folial pattern was not
      altered. Even when the injection was repeated for three days on postnatal days 3,
      4 and 5, changes in the cerebellar surface were not found. However, in animals
      receiving a low protein diet during the last five days of gestation, the three
      injection regimen produced a distortion of the folial pattern. The surface of
      cerebella of animals injected on gestational day 21 through postnatal day 2 was
      covered with small blebs resembling the surface of a cauliflower head. In
      sagittal sections, islands of cortical laminae appeared to be isolated from the
      arbor vitae. However, serial reconstruction of the granular layer from sections
      revealed that these pieces were continuous with the arbor vitae. Surprisingly,
      cerebella having malaligned folia also had varying degrees of Purkinje cell somas
      distributed throughout the granule cell layer rather than in a single layer. This
      occurred even when the granule cell layer approached normal thickness. Analysis
      of cerebellar weight from the group injected on the day of birth revealed three
      levels of weight reduction: severe (greater than 40%), moderate (20-40%) and mild
      (less than 20%). The granule cell deficit was directly related to the weight
      reduction of the cerebella. In the severely-affected cerebella, areas of the
      cortex were virtually devoid of granule cells. The moderately-affected cerebella
      had a continuous granular layer which was thick and thin. In the mild type, the
      layer was relatively normal in thickness but, nevertheless, the cerebellar
      surface was highly distorted. In all animals treated with methylazoxymethanol
      acetate on days G21 through P5, parallel fibers were disoriented. This occurred
      even though the folia appeared normal in the G20, P3, P4, P5 and P3-5 injected
      groups. Bundles of parallel fibers crisscrossed in the plane of the cerebellar
      surface in all areas where a molecular layer was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3368062
TI  - HIV penetration of the BBB.

PMID- 3368064
TI  - Thalamic infarcts: clinical syndromes, etiology, and prognosis.
AB  - We studied forty patients with CT-proven thalamic infarcts without involvement of
      the superficial territory of the posterior cerebral artery. The delineation into
      four arterial thalamic territories (inferolateral, tuberothalamic, posterior
      choroidal, paramedian) corresponded clinically to four different syndromes. The
      most common etiologies were lacunar infarction, large artery atherosclerosis with
      presumed artery-to-artery embolism, cardioembolism, and migrainous stroke. We
      found no risk factor other than age or oral contraceptive use in six patients.
      One patient died in the acute phase. During follow-up (45.6 months), the stroke
      or death rate was 7.4% per year. Delayed pain developed in three patients and
      abnormal movements in three. Late disability was mainly secondary to persisting
      neuropsychological dysfunction (thalamic dementia).

PMID- 3368063
TI  - Transient CNS deficits: a common, benign syndrome in young adults.
AB  - The incidence of transient (less than 24 hour) neurologic loss was evaluated from
      a survey returned by 80/87 members of Cornell's Department of Neurology.
      Transient CNS dysfunction was reported by 25/80 (32%; 95% confidence interval, 21
      to 44%). In most (15) only vision was affected, but ten (13%; 6 to 23%) reported
      nonvisual deficits. In nine of these ten, loss of power, balance, or coordination
      was noted, sometimes with other symptoms (visual in two), and the tenth subject
      had speech arrest. Seven of the ten had more than one episode. Episodes in these
      ten individuals began at age less than 30 in four, 30 to 34 in five, 35 to 39 in
      none, and 40 to 44 in one. The reported frequency of migraine was
      nonsignificantly higher in patients with nonvisual (4/10, 40%) or visual (7/15,
      47%) episodes than in respondents without episodes (12/55, 22%; chi 2(2) = 4.3).
      Except for inflammatory bowel disease in one respondent, no obvious cause of the
      nonvisual episodes was evident from follow-up structured interviews. Five of the
      ten with nonvisual loss and eight of the 15 with isolated visual symptoms thus
      had no obvious cause for their episodes. Follow-up is limited to a median of 5
      years, but none of the 25 has had any residual deficit or chronic neurologic
      disorder, suggesting that these relatively common episodes of CNS deficit are
      benign. As new, hyperacute stroke therapies emerge, efforts to distinguish these
      episodes from true, early strokes will become increasingly important.

PMID- 3368065
TI  - Clinical and angiographic comparison of asymptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular
      disease.
AB  - We compared clinical and arteriographic features in 106 patients with symptomatic
      unilateral carotid territory occlusive disease to determine the frequency and
      distribution of occlusive arterial lesions in asymptomatic vessels. Among black
      patients who were predominantly from Chicago, young, and female, there were fewer
      transient ischemic attacks and myocardial infarcts, less claudication, and more
      asymptomatic lesions of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, anterior
      cerebral artery stem, and the middle cerebral artery stem. Among white patients
      predominantly from New England, elderly, and male, there was more frequent and
      severe occlusive asymptomatic disease at extracranial carotid and vertebral
      artery sites. Knowledge of the distribution of asymptomatic lesions will help
      guide evaluation and treatment strategies for patients with occlusive
      cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 3368066
TI  - Chronic central nervous system involvement in Lyme borreliosis.
AB  - We describe four patients with marked chronic meningoencephalomyelitis caused by
      tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Imaging techniques showed either
      MS-like lesions or evidence of vascular involvement, as in other spirochetal
      infections, especially in meningovascular syphilis.

PMID- 3368067
TI  - Dissection of the intracranial vertebral artery.
AB  - We describe four patients and review prior reports to clarify the clinical,
      radiographic, and pathologic findings of intracranial vertebral artery (VA)
      dissection. A 43-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman had chronic bilateral VA
      dissecting aneurysms. The man had multiple episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (SAH) and necropsy showed multiple dissections and defects in the internal
      elastica. The woman had many brainstem TIAs and strokes during 3 years. Two other
      patients had SAH and unilateral dissections. Intracranial VA dissection causes
      four overlapping syndromes: (1) brainstem infarcts are usually due to subintimal
      dissection extending into the basilar artery, affect younger patients, and often
      are single fatal events; (2) SAH is due to subadventitial or transmural
      dissection; (3) aneurysms cause mass effect on the brainstem and lower cranial
      nerves; and (4) chronic dissections due to connective tissue defects cause
      extensive bilateral aneurysms and repeated TIAs, small strokes, and SAH.

PMID- 3368069
TI  - Spontaneous dissections of the vertebral arteries.
AB  - Clinical and angiographic features and outcome in 25 patients with spontaneous
      dissections of the vertebral arteries are described. Most patients were in their
      fourth or fifth decade of life, and women predominated. Forty-eight percent of
      the patients were hypertensive. Angiographic evidence of fibromuscular dysplasia
      was noted in one only. Brainstem ischemic symptoms (usually a lateral medullary
      syndrome) and ipsilateral occipital headache and neck pain (often preceding but
      sometimes associated with or following the brainstem ischemic event) were the
      most common clinical findings. The angiographic features in decreasing order of
      frequency were luminal stenosis (often irregular and tapered), aneurysm,
      occlusion, and intimal flap. On follow-up, most of the patients (88%) made
      complete or very good recoveries. Angiographic abnormalities either subsided or
      improved in 76%. Multivessel dissection (involvement of both vertebral arteries
      or one or both vertebral arteries and one or both internal carotid arteries) was
      noted in about two-thirds of the patients. This tendency of vertebral artery
      dissections to involve multiple cervicocephalic vessels concurrently, if not
      simultaneously, implies that four-vessel angiography should be attempted if a
      vertebral artery dissection is visualized. It also raises the possibility of an
      underlying arteriopathy that predisposes the vessel to dissection.

PMID- 3368068
TI  - Pharmacotherapy for aphasia.
AB  - Selected features of aphasia may reflect disruption of specific neurotransmitter
      systems. Pharmacotherapy focused on these aphasic symptoms may improve language
      performance following stroke. We attempted to restore speech fluency in a patient
      with long-standing transcortical motor aphasia by treating his symptoms of
      hesitancy and impaired initiation of speech with bromocriptine. During therapy
      his language performance improved substantially, due to reduced latency of
      response, decreased paraphasias, and increased naming ability. After cessation of
      drug therapy his language returned to baseline.

PMID- 3368070
TI  - Clinical and biochemical correlations in mitochondrial myopathies treated with
      coenzyme Q10.
AB  - We tested the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (ubidecarenone, CoQ10) therapy in patients
      with Kearns-Sayre syndrome and other mitochondrial myopathies with chronic
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO). We treated seven patients for 1 year
      with daily oral administration of 120 mg of CoQ10. Throughout the treatment most
      of our patients showed a progressive reduction of serum lactate and pyruvate
      levels following standard muscle exercise and generally improved neurologic
      functions. The ECG and echocardiogram showed no significant changes in our
      patients. None of our patients showed any improvement in ptosis and CPEO.

PMID- 3368071
TI  - Screening for dementia by memory testing.
AB  - Enhanced cued recall provides a simple and clinically useful memory test for
      identifying dementia in the elderly. Because this test induces semantic
      processing and coordinates encoding and retrieval for maximum recall, genuine
      memory deficits due to impairment of specific memory processes can be
      distinguished from apparent memory deficits due to use of inefficient strategies
      or impairment of other cognitive processes. Since genuine memory deficits in the
      elderly are usually associated with dementia, their identification is highly
      predictive of clinical dementia. The present study validates the use of enhanced
      cued recall as a screening test for dementia in 70 aged subjects. All but one
      person with a pure amnesia were correctly classified. Enhanced cued recall
      correctly classified 97% of the 120 subjects in this and the previous study.
      Enhanced cued recall shows learning not revealed by free recall, providing more
      accurate measurement of memory, and distinguishes demented from nondemented
      elderly more accurately than either free recall or recognition.

PMID- 3368072
TI  - Noninvasive mapping of human motor cortex.
AB  - Human motor cortex was stimulated using brief, high-voltage electrical
      stimulation. Constant-voltage stimuli were delivered through a bipolar surface
      stimulator with the anode placed at multiple positions on the scalp and the
      cathode situated 2.5 cm anterior to the anode. Recordings were bilateral from the
      abductor pollicis brevis, tibialis anterior, and risorius. We averaged the
      amplitudes of three muscle responses obtained from stimulation of each scalp
      position and assigned the resultant value to that position. The findings in eight
      normal volunteers were similar and reproducible. The maximal responses of the
      right hand were obtained when stimulating over C3, of the left hand when
      stimulating over C4, of the right and left legs when stimulating over Cz, and of
      the right side of the mouth when stimulating over T3.

PMID- 3368073
TI  - Epilepsy with bilateral occipital calcifications: a benign onset with progressive
      severity.
AB  - We studied four patients with a focal epilepsy and bilateral occipital
      corticosubcortical calcifications without any sign of phakomatosis. The clinical
      course of the disease was similar in all the patients and evolved from a benign
      onset to a severe encephalopathy with progressive mental impairment. The question
      of whether these patients have an incomplete and atypical form of Sturge-Weber
      syndrome or a previously undescribed disorder is addressed.

PMID- 3368074
TI  - Excitatory amino acids are elevated in human epileptic cerebral cortex.
AB  - We used intraoperative electrocorticography to identify and compare specimens
      from two groups of patients undergoing temporal lobectomy: (1) spiking cortex (12
      patients)--epileptic activity recorded over much of the temporal convexity; and
      (2) nonspiking cortex (9 patients)--temporal convexity free of interictal
      spiking, epileptic activity confined to the hippocampus and/or amygdala.
      Comparative amino acid levels were (mumol/g protein, mean +/- SEM): glutamate-
      spiking 109.8 +/- 1.8, nonspiking 87.4 +/- 2.0 (p less than 0.001); aspartate-
      spiking 15.2 +/- 0.9, nonspiking 12.2 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.05); GABA--spiking
      15.0 +/- 1.0, nonspiking 13.9 +/- 1.4 (NS); taurine--spiking 14.5 +/- 0.8,
      nonspiking 12.2 +/- 0.8 (NS); and glycine--spiking 11.5 +/- 0.8, nonspiking 7.4
      +/- 0.6 (p less than 0.01). Cortical epileptic activity appears to be associated
      with elevated concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, and glycine, but not GABA
      and taurine, perhaps indicating a relative imbalance between putative excitatory
      and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters.

PMID- 3368075
TI  - Effect of isoflurane and enflurane on the electrocorticogram of epileptic
      patients.
AB  - We studied the effect of inhaled anesthetic agents on the electrocorticogram
      (ECoG) in four epileptic patients during nondominant right hemisphere temporal
      lobectomy while they received 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen (70% N2O/O2) alone, 70%
      N2O/O2 with 0.5 to 1.5% isoflurane, or 70% N2O/O2 with 2% enflurane. The mean
      frequency of epileptiform spikes decreased during use of isoflurane, but not
      enflurane, compared with use of 70% N2O/O2 alone. Enflurane produced paroxysms of
      synchronous high-voltage spikes. The mean number of electrodes exhibiting spike
      activity decreased with isoflurane use and increased with enflurane use compared
      with use of 70% N2O/O2 alone. This preliminary study suggests that isoflurane can
      suppress epileptogenic tissue and that both isoflurane and enflurane can distort
      the ECoG, confounding accurate identification of the seizure focus. When used
      judiciously, however, enflurane may be a potent synchronizer and activator of the
      epileptogenic focus, making it easier to identify.

PMID- 3368076
TI  - Cerebral perfusion as a diagnostic marker of early Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully satisfactory, and
      laboratory markers of this disease are not yet established. We report substantial
      regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) abnormalities in patients with documented
      early stages of the disease, when differential diagnosis is most critical. Thirty
      six patients with carefully documented clinical diagnosis of early AD (mean
      disease duration, 3.25 +/- 1.80 years) and 12 elderly healthy controls
      participated in rCBF studies using the 133Xe inhalation method. Whole-brain
      perfusion was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in the AD group, and a
      characteristic perfusion deficit was consistently found in temporoparietal cortex
      of the AD patients. Discriminant analyses demonstrated over 90% correct
      classification of the two groups. Two subgroups of patients with mildest disease
      manifestations were equally well discriminated. The similarity of these findings
      to those in late stages, which have been validated neuropathologically, offers
      indirect confirmation of validity and specificity. These results suggest that
      rCBF procedures may provide an accurate and sensitive laboratory marker for early
      AD.

PMID- 3368077
TI  - Brain amino acids and glutathione in progressive supranuclear palsy.
AB  - We measured amino acid contents in autopsied brains of seven patients with
      progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and in control subjects dying without brain
      disease. Glutathione was also quantitated in rapidly frozen brains of PSP
      patients, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and controls. In PSP, we found
      glutamic acid markedly increased in the nucleus accumbens; taurine significantly
      increased in nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus; and gamma
      aminobutyric acid significantly increased in nucleus accumbens and putamen.
      Glycerophosphoethanolamine contents were significantly increased in most regions.
      Glutathione, which is significantly decreased in substantia nigra in PD, was
      increased in this brain region in PSP, suggesting that different mechanisms may
      be responsible for destruction of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons in these two
      disorders.

PMID- 3368078
TI  - Corticospinal axons persist in cervical and high thoracic regions 10 weeks after
      a T-9 spinal cord transection.
AB  - Ten weeks after complete spinal cord transection at T-9, there was a decrease in
      the volume of the rat corticospinal tract but no loss in the number of axons
      contained in the cervical (C-2) or high thoracic (T-1) corticospinal tract. The
      mean area of the myelinated axon profile decreased in spinal cord-transected
      rats, with fewer axons found in the largest size groups and more in the smaller
      size groups. The survival of corticospinal axons in the cervical and thoracic
      cord 10 weeks after cord transection at T-9 indicates that the corticospinal
      neurons survive at least 10 weeks after cord transection. The fate of axotomized
      neurons after longer survival times remains to be determined.

PMID- 3368079
TI  - Trends in incidence of dementing illness in Rochester, Minnesota, in three
      quinquennial periods, 1960-1974.
AB  - We ascertained the incidence of dementias of all causes between 1960 and 1975
      among citizens of Rochester, Minnesota. Study of all medical records yielded
      incidence rates for the quinquennial periods of 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and 1970
      1974. In the population at risk (30 years or older), the age-adjusted rates (per
      100,000 population/year) for Alzheimer's disease (clinically diagnosed or
      pathologically confirmed, or both) in the three periods were: 104.9, 80.8, and
      96.6. The rates for dementia of all causes were: 160.6, 122.0, and 136.8.
      Calculation of 95% confidence intervals showed that the incidence rate for
      dementia or Alzheimer's disease has not changed in this 15-year period in
      Rochester, Minnesota. Assuming no demented patients younger than 29 years, the
      incidence rates in the three quinquennial periods for all dements were 79.4,
      60.3, and 67.7; for Alzheimer's disease they were 51.9, 40.0, and 47.8.

PMID- 3368080
TI  - The clinical profile of MS in Australia: a comparison between medium- and high
      frequency prevalence zones.
AB  - Recent epidemiologic studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Australia defined the
      State of Queensland as a medium-frequency zone and the more southerly placed
      cities of Perth, Newcastle, and Hobart as high-frequency zones. Clinical profiles
      in the patient populations of both frequency zones were remarkably similar in
      most respects to each other and to MS populations in the northern hemisphere.
      However, male patients in Queensland differed from their counterparts in the
      three cities by showing a greater tendency to develop a progressive disease
      course and, hence, more disability. The explanation for these observations is
      uncertain; we speculate that the hotter climate in Queensland may be relevant.

PMID- 3368081
TI  - Vertebral artery dissection.

PMID- 3368082
TI  - The familial nature of multiple sclerosis: age-corrected empiric recurrence risks
      for children and siblings of patients.
AB  - Increasingly, MS patients ask neurologists about the risk that their close
      relatives will also develop MS. We calculated age-adjusted empiric recurrence
      risks from data on 815 index cases and over 3,000 of their siblings and children.
      In general, the risk for these relatives to develop MS is 3 to 5%, which is 30 to
      50 times the 0.1% rate for the general population.

PMID- 3368083
TI  - Torsional nystagmus: quantitative features and possible pathogenesis.
AB  - We measured eye rotations in three planes in a patient with acquired, torsional
      nystagmus. This nystagmus had linear or increasing-velocity waveforms, was
      increased after active pitch rotations of the head, and was suppressed by
      convergence. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a midpontine lesion that was
      probably a venous angioma. We postulate that torsional nystagmus in this patient
      was due to disruption of central vestibular connections.

PMID- 3368084
TI  - Abduction-adduction hand tremor of myokymia.

PMID- 3368085
TI  - Epilepsy and driving.

PMID- 3368086
TI  - Twinning rate in Finland.

PMID- 3368087
TI  - Praziquantel and dexamethasone.

PMID- 3368088
TI  - Mitochondrial function in Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

PMID- 3368090
TI  - [Construction of an omental envelope for excluding ileal loops from postoperative
      pelvic irradiation].

PMID- 3368089
TI  - [24-hour esophageal pH monitoring: importance of its association with manometry
      and esophageal scintigraphy].

PMID- 3368091
TI  - [Oddi's papillosphincteroplasty in the treatment of biliary lithiasis. Long-term
      follow-up].

PMID- 3368092
TI  - [Richter's hernia with fistulization of the last ileal loop and the skin in the
      inguino-crural area. Report of a case].

PMID- 3368093
TI  - [Primary gastric lymphoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic observations on 12 cases].

PMID- 3368094
TI  - [Pseudomembranous enterocolitis and antibiotic therapy in the pre- and
      postoperative periods. Clinical cases. Personal case reports].

PMID- 3368095
TI  - [Choice of approach to the supra-aortic vessels].

PMID- 3368096
TI  - [Use of an intraoperative shunt in carotid endarterectomy].

PMID- 3368097
TI  - [Surgical interruption of the inferior vena cava in the prevention of pulmonary
      embolism].

PMID- 3368098
TI  - [Postoperative complications: hydrocele after surgical treatment of varicocele.
      Clinical contribution].

PMID- 3368099
TI  - [Conservative surgery and radiotherapy of stage-I (T1 NO MO) carcinoma of the
      breast].

PMID- 3368100
TI  - [Angio-CT in the study of mediastinal lymph node metastasis from carcinoma of the
      breast].

PMID- 3368101
TI  - [Role of phlebography in the diagnosis of varicocele].

PMID- 3368102
TI  - [Case of cystic hygroma in the crural area].

PMID- 3368103
TI  - [Treatment of diabetes mellitus with an artificial pancreas].
AB  - The results obtained with an artificial pancreas in 34 diabetics (15 women, 19
      men) are reported. The group included 20 insulin dependent and 14 non-insulin
      dependent cases and the applicability of the technique is discussed.

PMID- 3368104
TI  - [Blood iron and ferritin in the monitoring of Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - A number of biohumoral parameters were investigated in monitoring the clinical
      course of Hodgkin's disease (H.D.). Blood iron and ferritin levels were found to
      be extremely useful. Blood iron is a significant indicator of the activity of the
      disease since the level falls in the acute phase and returns to normal on
      remission. Blood ferritin is less sensitive but closely related to the presence
      or absence of systemic symptoms so that in clinical practice it serves as an
      indicator of a poor prognosis.

PMID- 3368106
TI  - [Trends in the combined use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in oncology].
AB  - The use of combined radiation and chemotherapy in oncology is designed to improve
      the long-term results in cancer cases whether subjected to surgical treatment or
      not. The benefits and risks of this approach are examined and the forms for which
      such treatment is beneficial are indicated.

PMID- 3368105
TI  - [Changes in hemochromocytometric tests in cancer patients].
AB  - The paper shows that haemochromocytometric alterations occur at a very early
      stage and even in symptom-free cancer patients. This was confirmed by the
      examination of about 100 cases of confirmed cancer as yet not subjected to
      surgical, antiblastic or radiation treatment.

PMID- 3368107
TI  - [Radiotherapy after plastic surgery of the breast].
AB  - Recent progress in both the surgical techniques and the prosthetic materials
      employed in plastic and reconstructive surgery of the breast after mastectomy has
      led to an increase in the number of patients requesting the treatment. As a
      result postoperative radiotherapy may often be indicated for such patients. The
      series treated in Alessandria Hospital's Radiotherapy Division in 1979-86 is
      examined with particular emphasis on the long-term cosmetic results.

PMID- 3368108
TI  - [Clinical review of 3 cases of aspergillosis].
AB  - Three cases of aspergillosis observed in Pavia Infectious Disease Clinic in 1983
      85 are described. The cases differed both in the site of the infection (lungs,
      bones and liver) and in the patients' basic immunological situation. The
      importance of mycological investigations during diagnosis is emphasised, though
      they should of course be flanked by instrumental examinations and blood chemical
      assays. The efficacy of specific treatment with amphotericin B combined with
      surgery and plasma exchange is also emphasised.

PMID- 3368109
TI  - [Syphilitic encephalitis: a diagnosis to be kept in mind. Epidemiological
      considerations and description of a case].
AB  - Since the introduction of antibiotic treatment there has been a remarkable
      reduction in the incidence of "classical" neurosyphilis, and, when cerebral
      involvement occurs, a relative increase in abortive or monosymptomatic cases that
      are difficult to diagnose because of the prevalence of meninges and/or mental
      signs. A case of luetic meningoencephalitis is described with emphasis on
      diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects.

PMID- 3368111
TI  - [Tunnel syndromes of the upper limb].
AB  - The main canalicular syndromes affecting the upper extremities are reviewed with
      a description of their aetiopathogenesis. Particular emphasis is placed on the
      need for early diagnosis and microsurgical treatment that on the basis of
      personal experience is held to guarantee early recovery.

PMID- 3368110
TI  - [Ilizarov's external fixator: principles and applications].
AB  - The technical specifications of Ilizarov's fixator and its numerous applications
      in orthopaedics and traumatology are systematically analysed.

PMID- 3368112
TI  - [Prosthetic treatment of rhizoarthrosis of the thumb].
AB  - The aetiopathogenesis of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis or rhizoarthrosis of the
      thumb is described with particular emphasis on the secondary biomechanical
      alterations involved. The treatment of the condition and the use of the Swanson
      technique for the implantation of a Silastic prosthesis are described.

PMID- 3368113
TI  - [Visceral larva migrans syndrome. Description of a case caused by Toxocara
      canis].
AB  - Visceral larva migraine syndrome in most often caused by the migration of
      Toxocara canis larvae in the tissues after ingestion of the embryonated eggs. The
      disease, characterised by granulomas, is most commonly found among children in
      whom it causes fever, hepatomegaly, respiratory disturbances and eosinophilia.
      Diagnosis is by biopsy and serum tests and prophylaxis is essential since no
      specific therapy exists. The case of toxocariasis described was encountered in a
      middle aged women and is unusual as it had lasted for several years whereas
      spontaneous remission is the rule.

PMID- 3368114
TI  - [Cinoxacin in infections of the lower urinary tract].
AB  - The results obtained in 15 patients with infections of the lower urinary tract
      given 500 mg cinoxacin in two daily doses for 10 days are reported. A positive
      response was obtained in 13 of the 15 cases. Cinoxacin is easily managed,
      produces no side effects and can be administered orally, all of which makes it a
      drug of first choice in the treatment of prophylaxis of lower urinary infections.

PMID- 3368115
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of mouse brain adenosine receptors with an
      antagonist ([3H]xanthine amine congener) ligand probe.
AB  - A [3H]xanthine amine congener (XAC), a potent adenosine receptor antagonist,
      binds in a saturable and reversible fashion to high affinity binding sites in
      mouse brain (Bmax = 323 +/- 17 fmol/mg protein, Kd = 1.4 +/- 0.4 nM). Adenosine
      receptor agonists and antagonists are more potent than adenosine uptake
      inhibitors in displacing the binding of [3H]xanthine amine congener ([3H]XAC).
      The anatomical distribution of [3H]XAC binding sites is consistent with its being
      a ligand probe for adenosine receptors. High binding site densities were observed
      in the hippocampus (stratum oriens and radiatum, molecular layer), superior
      colliculus (superficial gray), cerebellum (molecular layer), cerebral cortex and
      substantia nigra. The availability of a high affinity antagonist radioligand
      probe like [3H]XAC for adenosine receptors allows the comparative quantitative
      autoradiographic analysis of agonist and antagonist binding to adenosine
      receptors, e.g. under varying in vitro incubation conditions (presence and
      absence of guanine nucleotides and cations).

PMID- 3368116
TI  - Afferent input for target survival in marsupial visual development.
AB  - The influence of afferent input on the survival of target neurons in mammals has
      been examined by the removal of one eye of pouch young of the marsupial native
      cat (Dasyurus hallucatus). The ages at eye removal spanned the period of
      neurogenesis of the ascending visual pathway, and were earlier than the time of
      maximal axon number in the optic nerve. Autoradiography following the injection
      of tritiated proline into the intact eye of adult animals shows that the lateral
      geniculate nucleus contralateral to the injected eye of the earliest enucleates
      retains its laminated structure, despite the total absence of binocular
      competition throughout development. However, we find a dramatic, age-related
      reduction in the volume of those parts of the lateral geniculate nucleus and
      superior colliculus which would normally receive a contralateral-only projection
      from the enucleated eye. The effects of the enucleation are not restricted to the
      primary termination sites of the optic axons but ramify throughout a large part
      of the neo- and archicortex.

PMID- 3368117
TI  - Localization of calbindin D28 mRNA in rat tissues by in situ hybridization.
AB  - We investigated, by in situ hybridization histochemistry, the cellular
      localization of the mRNA encoding a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein
      (calbindin D28) in rat brain and peripheral organs. Using a [35S]cRNA probe under
      high stringency conditions, specific mRNA was found in tissues well known for
      their calbindin D28 content, e.g. renal distal tubules, cerebellar Purkinje cells
      and dentate gyrus granule cells. Tissue devoid of this protein, such as liver,
      also lacked specific mRNA. In situ hybridization histochemistry allows the
      precise identification of cells expressing calbindin D28 and offers a new
      approach to study its regulation and possible role, e.g. in neuronal function.

PMID- 3368118
TI  - The development of activity evoked by fine diameter cutaneous fibres in the
      spinal cord of the newborn rat.
AB  - The cutaneous afferent volley on the dorsal root was recorded in normal rat pups
      and in pups whose fine diameter afferents had been destroyed with capsaicin at
      birth. From postnatal day 2 (P2) it was possible to identify a long latency wave
      in the afferent volley that was reduced or absent in capsaicin treated pups and
      therefore attributable to A delta and C fibers. Despite this, no difference
      between the evoked activity of dorsal horn cells to electrical skin stimulation
      in normal and capsaicin treated rat pups could be detected at P2 or P5. Only at
      P9 was a clear long latency burst of spikes evoked in dorsal horn cells that was
      absent in capsaicin treated rats. The results support the idea that the
      postsynaptic activity evoked by small diameter A and C fibres in the rat dorsal
      horn in the first postnatal week is very immature.

PMID- 3368119
TI  - The pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil: nocturnal increase of electrical
      activity.
AB  - Extracellular single unit recordings were made during day- and nighttime from
      spontaneously active pineal gland cells in male Mongolian gerbils. Units
      exhibited an irregular firing pattern. Discharge frequencies ranged from 0.1 to
      8.5 Hz and showed distinct time-dependent differences. During daytime, mean
      firing frequencies were in the range of 1 Hz and increased to 2 Hz in the early
      dark period, reaching a peak (ca. 5 Hz) in the middle of the night, followed by a
      decrease to 2 Hz in late night. The results of this first report on pineal
      electrical activity in Mongolian gerbils are discussed in comparison to those
      obtained from rat, guinea pig and golden hamster.

PMID- 3368120
TI  - Vasopressin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats with lesions of the
      paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei.
AB  - The circadian rhythm and dehydration-induced response of vasopressin (AVP) levels
      in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied after lesions had been made in the
      paraventricular (PVN) and suprachiasmatic (SCN) nuclei. The rhythmic fluctuation
      of AVP levels in CSF was abolished after SCN lesions, whereas lesions of the PVN
      had no effect. Dehydration seems to increase AVP levels in CSF of both sham
      operated and lesioned animals. These data further suggest that the circadian
      rhythm of AVP in CSF is preferentially generated by SCN. In contrast, several
      areas of the brain may contribute to the overall AVP levels in CSF, both under
      normal physiological conditions and under osmotic stress.

PMID- 3368121
TI  - Axons of peripheral origin preferentially synapse with tonic neurones in the
      guinea pig coeliac ganglion.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from a population of guinea pig coeliac neurones
      projecting in the coeliac nerves were used to define their central and peripheral
      synaptic input. The neurones were classified as 'phasic' or 'tonic' by their
      discharge in response to depolarizing current. Stimuli applied to the greater
      splanchnic nerves evoked suprathreshold responses in 89% of phasic neurones, but
      in less than half the tonic neurones. In contrast, coeliac nerve stimulation
      evoked only small subthreshold responses in 11% of phasic neurones, but multiple
      synaptic potentials in 92% of tonic neurones. This suggests that peripheral
      intestinal reflexes involve only one sympathetic neurone type.

PMID- 3368122
TI  - Correlations between body temperatures, metabolic rate and slow wave sleep in
      humans.
AB  - Amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS) in men exposed to either thermoneutral (29
      degrees C) or cool (21 degrees C) ambient temperatures were positively correlated
      with tympanic and rectal temperatures at SWS onset. Decreases in each temperature
      measure between sleep onset and the nightly termination of SWS were negatively
      correlated with oxygen consumption during SWS.

PMID- 3368123
TI  - Antibodies to ganglioside GM1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Gangliosides are thought to have a role in neuronal development and regeneration
      while anti-ganglioside antibodies have been shown to impair these processes. In
      the present work we examined whether the neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's
      disease is associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies. A
      significant level of antibodies specific to ganglioside GM1 but not to other
      gangliosides (GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b) was found in patients with Alzheimer's
      disease as compared to normal age matched controls. A high level of antibodies to
      GM1 was also found in patients with multi-infarct dementia and Parkinson's
      disease with dementia but not in non-demented patients with other
      neurodegenerative diseases. These results may reflect a specific change in
      ganglioside metabolism which is associated with the neurodegenerative processes
      underlying Alzheimer's disease and other causes of dementia.

PMID- 3368124
TI  - Serum neuron-specific enolase in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - The level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a glycolytic enzyme localized in
      neurons, was measured in the serum of patients with senile dementia of the
      Alzheimer type (SDAT). No difference was observed between NSE levels in SDAT and
      in healthy elderly controls of the same age range. No correlation was found
      between NSE levels and severity of the cognitive deficits. There was a marginally
      significant negative correlation between age and NSE, younger patients having
      higher NSE levels. The present results suggest that serum NSE is not a useful
      biological marker in the senile form of the dementia of the Alzheimer type.

PMID- 3368126
TI  - Lactic acidosis and mitochondrial myopathy in a young woman.

PMID- 3368125
TI  - Identification of a 17 S asymmetric butyrylcholinesterase in chick muscle by
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - A 20 S asymmetric (non-globular) form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C.
      3.1.1.7) has been purified from 1-day chick muscle. This form is a hybrid
      molecule containing both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, E.C. 3.1.1.8)
      catalytic subunits, linked through a collagenous tail. However, the 20 S hybrid
      AChE/BuChE could not account for the total enzyme activities of AChE and BuChE in
      a high-salt/Triton X-100 extract of 1-day chick muscle. By applying AChE- and
      BuChE-specific monoclonal antibodies for immunoadsorption, homogeneous asymmetric
      AChE and BuChE forms were also identified in that extract. The homogeneous BuChE
      accounts for 20% of the total activity of the asymmetric BuChE present and
      sediments at 17 S. About 6% of the asymmetric AChE present is, likewise, in a
      homogeneous, instead of the hybrid, form. The 17 S asymmetric BuChE does not
      react with monoclonal antibodies specific for the collagenous tail of the hybrid
      20 S AChE/BuChE molecule, suggesting that the collagenous subunit differs between
      these two forms.

PMID- 3368127
TI  - Vitamin D and membrane fluidity.

PMID- 3368128
TI  - Controversy about palm oil.

PMID- 3368129
TI  - Factors influencing the cyclical symptoms relating to the menstrual cycle.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-four volunteers were asked to weigh themselves at the same
      time each day and to make a daily assessment of a small number of symptoms
      related to their menstrual cycles. Details were requested of the nature of any
      pain relieving drugs used and of the days on which they were taken. In addition
      they were asked to provide information about their age, smoking habits and
      regular medication. Information relating to 346 cycles was obtained in this way.
      Symptom scores based upon the frequency and severity of 6 common symptoms
      occurring between days 5 and 14 compared with the symptoms scores for the last 5
      days of the cycle provided a basis for categorising cycles into 3 groups. Group A
      cycles had a virtual absence of symptoms. Group B cycles were characterised by
      symptoms which were clustered towards the end of the cycle while group C had
      symptoms throughout the cycle. Women with cyclical symptoms (group B) were not
      different in age, menstrual characteristics or smoking habits from women whose
      cycles fell into groups A and C but their premenstrual changes in bodyweight were
      greater. The use of pain relieving drugs was not related to symptoms grouping and
      was similar in all groups. It is concluded that the scores from 6 common symptoms
      relating to 2 or 3 successive cycles can identify women with cyclical symptoms
      which may be diagnostic of premenstrual syndrome and the method could be useful
      in selecting subjects for studies of the syndrome.

PMID- 3368131
TI  - Gambling and its pathology.

PMID- 3368130
TI  - Use of classification of primary obstetric factors in perinatally related
      mortality surveillance.
AB  - The use of a classification of the primary obstetric factors leading to death for
      all fetal and neonatal losses that occurred between 20 weeks gestation and 28
      days after birth is described. This is defined as the 'total perinatally related
      loss', and is compared with the information obtained if enquiry is limited to the
      traditional 'perinatal' period, from 28 weeks gestation to 7 days after birth.
      Both centre-based data for Queen Mary Hospital, Dunedin, and population-based
      data for the geographic area of the Otago Hospital Board for the four year period
      from September 1982 until August 1986 are reported. Spontaneous prematurity was
      the major factor responsible for these deaths, and its importance would not have
      been appreciated if the perinatal period alone had been analysed. The need for
      standardised classification of perinatally related deaths for epidemiological
      monitoring is discussed.

PMID- 3368132
TI  - Recent trends in drug prescribing rates and costs in New Zealand.
AB  - Pharmaceutical benefit expenditure has grown rapidly and disproportionately in
      recent years to nearly 15% of Vote Health. Annual average increases in prescribed
      drugs of 3.1% by volume and of 6.9% in real prices have occurred since 1981. For
      the 1986/87 year volume and real price increases were 5.7% and 11.5%
      respectively, possibly due to the lifting of the price freeze and the effect of
      extending prescribing to three months from February 1985. Factors explaining
      these trends include the growth in numbers of general practitioners and the
      availability of new and more expensive drugs supported by promotional activities
      of pharmaceutical companies. There are almost no effective managerial,
      professional or educational strategies on the part of government to counter these
      influences. Pharmaceutical benefit expenditure and its growth is almost totally
      unmanaged and uncontrolled. With severe limits on government expenditure this
      growth could threaten other areas of health expenditure. Major changes are
      required in its management including a substantial part charge to the user,
      decentralisation to area health boards of primary health care services and
      funding, and professional mechanisms for better prescribing, supported by
      national policies for a comprehensive, computerised pharmaceutical and primary
      health care information system.

PMID- 3368133
TI  - Assisted ventilation in severe childhood asthma.
AB  - Our experience of assisted ventilation in severe childhood asthma over a three
      year period is reviewed. One per cent of children with an acute attack of asthma
      required ventilatory support during this time. There were no deaths and no long
      term sequelae resulting from assisted ventilation. The number of children
      requiring this type of management however, provides further evidence to support
      the thesis that asthma is not only common but severe in New Zealand.

PMID- 3368134
TI  - Eating attitudes and behaviours of a sample of university students.
AB  - A sample of 213 first year psychology students at the University of Waikato (139
      women, 74 men) completed a questionnaire on eating attitudes and behaviours. The
      women students were significantly more likely than the men to erroneously believe
      themselves to be overweight, to feel dissatisfied with their present weight and
      to go on diets. Fourteen percent of the women, but only 1% of the men scored more
      than 30 on the eating attitudes test, a score believed to be indicative of
      potential eating disorder. The social pressures which result in women's
      unrealistic expectations of their body size are discussed.

PMID- 3368136
TI  - Area health.

PMID- 3368135
TI  - AIDS: knowledge and attitudes in Otago.
AB  - A postal questionnaire was sent to 307 people, during July 1987. The
      questionnaire examined public knowledge, attitudes and strategies for education
      for future planning by the Southern Region Health Services Association. According
      to the age group those respondents aged 45-59 years scored best in the knowledge
      section. The younger ages (18-29) years and 30-44 years scored closely, while the
      elderly scored least. However, more than 10% of respondents were incorrect in
      their answers concerning the most basic questions, and an even larger number were
      unsure about casual contact as a method of AIDS virus transmission. Many people
      did not realise all blood donations in New Zealand were screened for AIDS virus.
      Attitudes reflected current controversy concerning the availability of free
      needles and condoms. Fifty five percent of respondents were definitely in favour
      of compulsory blood testing even though the question did not specify which groups
      of people might be tested. The vast majority made a strong plea for more
      information about AIDS.

PMID- 3368137
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 3368138
TI  - Questions about fats and fatty acids.

PMID- 3368139
TI  - State control versus private enterprise.

PMID- 3368141
TI  - Mental hospitals.

PMID- 3368140
TI  - Urine microscopy and culture.

PMID- 3368142
TI  - Cervical cytology in Auckland.

PMID- 3368143
TI  - Drug users and needles and syringes exchange.

PMID- 3368144
TI  - Spontaneous remission of phaeochromocytoma.

PMID- 3368145
TI  - Physician liable to nurse for assault and battery.

PMID- 3368146
TI  - Charge nurse development: teaching entry-level management.

PMID- 3368147
TI  - Nurse staffing, patient outcome and cost.

PMID- 3368148
TI  - Understanding, evaluating and improving nursing productivity.

PMID- 3368149
TI  - Patient classification systems: a self-fulfilling prophecy.

PMID- 3368150
TI  - The application of assessment techniques.

PMID- 3368151
TI  - Ethics in nursing practice.

PMID- 3368152
TI  - The leadership role of the clinical nursing specialist: a quality of life nursing
      model.

PMID- 3368153
TI  - Determining ego involvement in MBO efforts by healthcare professionals.

PMID- 3368154
TI  - How do you stop them from leaving?

PMID- 3368155
TI  - Foresight--secret of survival.

PMID- 3368156
TI  - The worst word in the hospital.

PMID- 3368157
TI  - The nursing link to cost accounting.

PMID- 3368158
TI  - Establishing a clinical ladder: the process.

PMID- 3368159
TI  - Education in practice.

PMID- 3368160
TI  - Core curriculum for registered nurses.

PMID- 3368161
TI  - CNE--a model for shared education. Cooperative Nursing Education.

PMID- 3368162
TI  - Committee involvement: decreases organizational-professional conflict.

PMID- 3368163
TI  - A guide for nurse executives--assessing your organizational "fit".

PMID- 3368164
TI  - The Q-tip test: standardization of the technique and its interpretation in women
      with urinary incontinence.
AB  - Q-tip tests were carried out on 63 women to determine optimal placement and the
      effects of bladder fullness and significant anterior vaginal wall relaxation.
      Significantly higher maximum straining angles were observed when the tip of the Q
      tip was placed at the urethrovesical junction or the proximal urethra, compared
      with placement in the bladder (P less than .05), midurethra (P less than .01), or
      distal urethra (P less than .01). Bladder fullness did not alter the results
      significantly. There were no significant differences in resting or maximum
      straining angles when patients with significant anterior vaginal wall relaxation
      and genuine stress incontinence were compared with continent women who had
      significant anterior vaginal wall relaxation. However, in the absence of
      significant anterior vaginal wall relaxation, women with genuine stress
      incontinence had significantly higher maximum straining angles than those with
      bladder instability (P less than .05) or control subjects (P less than .05). The
      Q-tip test, if performed correctly, is an easy, inexpensive, and reliable method
      of quantifying mobility of the bladder neck and proximal urethra in continent or
      incontinent women with or without pelvic relaxation.

PMID- 3368165
TI  - The urinary diary in evaluation of incontinent women: a test-retest analysis.
AB  - This study investigated the use of a one-week urinary diary in the evaluation of
      incontinent women. The sample consisted of 50 community-dwelling women, ages 55
      years and older, ambulatory, and mentally intact, who were volunteers in a
      clinical trial on behavioral management for urinary incontinence. All subjects
      kept a urinary diary for two consecutive weeks. An analysis of the immediate (one
      week) test-retest variability and correlations on weekly diurnal micturition
      frequency, nocturnal micturition frequency, and urinary incontinent episodes were
      performed in subjects with sphincteric incompetence alone (N = 34) and in those
      with detrusor instability with or without concomitant sphincteric incompetence (N
      = 16). In addition, information obtained on history was compared with that
      obtained from the diary. Diurnal micturition frequency, nocturnal micturition
      frequency, and number of incontinent episodes were highly reproducible and did
      not differ by urodynamic diagnosis. Test-retest correlations were highest with
      diurnal micturition frequency and incontinent episodes. Lower correlations were
      observed with nocturnal micturition frequency, with a significant difference
      observed between diagnostic groups. Although modest, significant relationships
      between data collected by history and diary were observed in the overall sample,
      but there were significant differences between diagnostic groups. The results
      indicate that a one-week diary is a reliable method for assessing the frequency
      of voluntary micturitions and involuntary episodes of urine loss.

PMID- 3368166
TI  - Postmenopausal urinary incontinence: comparison between non-estrogen-supplemented
      and estrogen-supplemented women.
AB  - Clinical and urodynamic variables of 49 non-estrogen-supplemented and 23 estrogen
      supplemented postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence were compared. We
      ascertained their estrogenic status via plasma estradiol and estrone levels, as
      well as from parabasal and superficial cell counts from both the urethra and
      vagina. The effect of estrogen supplementation, in conjunction with the effect of
      age and urodynamic diagnosis, was studied in relation to filling-phase urodynamic
      data and incontinence severity and outcome variables. Analysis of covariance was
      used. No direct effect of estrogen supplementation was noted on parameters of
      urethral function. In patients with detrusor instability, a borderline direct
      positive effect (P = .06) was noted in the volume needed to reach maximal
      cystometric capacity from the first sensation to void. For these patients, the
      magnitude of fluid loss was greater without estrogen supplementation. However,
      this difference did not reach statistical significance. Nocturia was
      significantly less frequent in the estrogen-supplemented groups (P = .04).
      Estrogen-supplemented patients had a higher incidence of positive bulbocavernosus
      reflex (P = .01). These observations suggest that hypoestrogenism may affect the
      sensory threshold of the lower urinary tract of incontinent postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3368167
TI  - Contraception: a risk factor for endometriosis.
AB  - Endometriosis was detected in 42 cases out of 566 patients undergoing
      laparoscopic tubal sterilization. The presence of endometriosis was then
      correlated with previous contraception. Those patients using no contraception, or
      barrier contraception alone, were regarded as controls. Previous oral
      contraceptive use was associated with a lower incidence of endometriosis,
      although the difference was not significant. A significantly higher incidence (P
      less than .05) of endometriosis was present in former intrauterine device users,
      possibly because of retrograde flow of increased menses.

PMID- 3368168
TI  - Desquamative vaginitis: lichen planus in disguise.
AB  - A principal cause of desquamative vaginitis is erosive lichen planus. We report
      five cases to illustrate the classic oral and vaginal findings, describe the
      histology, and relate the therapeutic response of the disease. Early recognition
      of the disorder and prompt use of corticosteroids and vaginal dilators may
      prevent the common sequelae of adhesion formation and vaginal stenosis.

PMID- 3368169
TI  - Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix redefined.
AB  - Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix has been classically regarded as a poorly
      differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, infrequently diagnosed and associated
      with a poor outcome regardless of the modality of therapy. The histologic
      characteristics associated with this lesion are also frequently encountered among
      undifferentiated large-cell, nonkeratinizing cervical carcinomas. In a review of
      all undifferentiated large-cell carcinomas of the cervix encountered at the
      University Hospital in Seattle, Washington, over an eight-year period, 29 cases
      appeared to display the characteristic histologic criteria described as typical
      for glassy cell carcinoma. All cases were stage Ib lesions, and 28 were treated
      by radical hysterectomy. The mean age was ten years younger than that of the
      usual patient treated at this institution with stage I carcinoma. Fourteen of
      these patients (45%) have developed recurrent carcinoma, and in all but one, the
      interval to recurrence was less than eight months. Only two have survived after
      second-line salvage therapy. The current survival rate among the 29 women is 55%.
      These observations suggest that the poor prognosis ascribed to the classically
      defined glassy cell carcinoma also holds true for this extended group of large
      cell, undifferentiated cervical cancers that display similar histologic features
      and pursue a similarly aggressive clinical course.

PMID- 3368170
TI  - Occurrence of ovarian malignancy in childhood and adolescence: a community-wide
      evaluation.
AB  - During childhood and adolescence, the rate of malignancy in ovarian enlargement
      is reported to be high-approximately 35% in many large series from tertiary
      centers. To assess whether this represents an overestimation because of the
      referral patterns of these institutions, a retrospective review was conducted at
      five hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee. In females 21 years of age and under,
      borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasms were identified in only eight (5.8%) of
      137 individuals with ovarian enlargement and eight (9.8%) of 82 females with
      ovarian neoplasms. All six malignant neoplasms were of germ-cell origin. The
      borderline neoplasms were of epithelial origin, and occurred in females in their
      late teens. We conclude that the frequency with which ovarian enlargement
      represents malignancy in this age group appears to be much smaller than
      previously suggested. Nevertheless, because of the potential for malignant
      ovarian neoplasia in young females, the presence of an abdominal-pelvic mass
      requires prompt and thorough attention.

PMID- 3368171
TI  - Oxygen saturation in the supine hypotensive syndrome.
AB  - This study used recently available, continuous noninvasive monitoring techniques
      to evaluate positional variations in pulse, blood pressure, and maternal oxygen
      saturation in 42 women undergoing fetal nonstress testing in the third trimester.
      Ten nonpregnant women were similarly evaluated with the automatic sphymomanometer
      and pulse oximeter. Six of 42 pregnant women (14.3%) developed the supine
      hypotensive syndrome (defined as a mean blood pressure decrease of 15 mmHg and a
      sustained increase in pulse of 20 beats per minute) when in the supine position.
      Nine of them (21.4%) met at least one of the criteria, but the majority (27 of
      42, 64.3%) met neither criterion. None of the ten nonpregnant subjects had
      hypotension or tachycardia, although nine demonstrated blood pressure elevation
      after assuming the supine position. Significant oxygen desaturation did not occur
      in any patient, although three of six hypotensive patients had a transient 3-5%
      desaturation after supine rest. This study confirms that a significant percentage
      of patients in the third trimester are affected to some degree by supine
      hypotension. However, significant oxygen desaturation does not appear to occur.

PMID- 3368172
TI  - The changing spectrum of ectopic pregnancy.
AB  - There was a 3.7-fold increase in ectopic pregnancies over the last 21 years, with
      the occurrence rate among blacks remaining higher than for white patients. The
      average age of patients with ectopic pregnancies has not changed. A history of
      ectopic pregnancy or tubal surgery is now found in 25% of patients with ectopic
      pregnancies. The traditional etiologic factors have remained about the same.

PMID- 3368173
TI  - Epidural anesthesia in pregnant patients with low platelet counts.
AB  - A number of patients demonstrate thrombocytopenia in the peripartum period. One
      hundred four patients with unexplained transient periparturient thrombocytopenia
      were found over a nine-month period. Sixty-one of them received epidural
      anesthesia without neurologic sequelae. Epidural anesthesia is safe if the
      platelet count exceeds 100 x 10(9)/L in otherwise healthy women.

PMID- 3368174
TI  - The contralateral corpus luteum and tubal pregnancy.

PMID- 3368175
TI  - Handling blood and other human specimens.

PMID- 3368176
TI  - You and me--post-viral fatigue syndrome.

PMID- 3368177
TI  - A cuckoo in the nest.

PMID- 3368178
TI  - Periodic refreshment explained?

PMID- 3368179
TI  - Getting it right a group service. Interview by Jane Wilson.

PMID- 3368180
TI  - Coronary heart disease--an OH survey.

PMID- 3368181
TI  - The rescuers' safety.

PMID- 3368182
TI  - Occupational health nurses emerge as future corporate care managers.

PMID- 3368183
TI  - Comfort and durability desired for nursing footwear protection.

PMID- 3368184
TI  - Engineering source controls can reduce worker exposure to noise.

PMID- 3368185
TI  - Effective case management systems integrate costs and service needs.

PMID- 3368186
TI  - Sex, handicapped bias gives way to physical capacity standards.

PMID- 3368187
TI  - Health care cost management requires creation of effective monitoring plans.

PMID- 3368188
TI  - Deaths and injuries diminish as U.S. pursues selected public health goals.

PMID- 3368189
TI  - Occupational medicine matures into diverse, specialized field.

PMID- 3368190
TI  - Ergonomics offers solutions to numerous health complaints.

PMID- 3368191
TI  - Neuroblastoma: incomplete differentiation on the way to maturation or
      morphological alteration resembling maturity?
AB  - The following study was performed to investigate whether antitumor agents can
      induce maturation of advanced neuroblastoma (NB). Of 56 NB patients (1970-1987),
      13 in stage III or IV underwent resection of the primary tumor (11 abdominal, 2
      mediastinal) following complete or partial response to preoperative chemotherapy
      (11 conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, 2 conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy
      combined with intraarterial infusion of prostaglandin E1 and oral papaverine).
      Histological examinations, performed on these 13 NB patients before and after
      chemotherapy, showed (1) differentiation of the NB to ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB)
      with predominance of mature atypical ganglion cells, development of stromal
      components and a few immature malignant cells in 10 of 13 and (2) differentiation
      of the NB to a more mature form than was seen histologically before treatment in
      the remaining 3. Our results indicate that the morphological differentiation of
      immature NB in advanced stage to more mature GNB can be induced by conventional
      cytotoxic chemotherapy with or without so-called 'maturation-inducing' agents.
      However, the chemotherapy-induced morphological differentiation did not correlate
      with the prognosis of the patients.

PMID- 3368192
TI  - Significance of serum phosphohexose isomerase in gastrointestinal cancer at
      different stages.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the significance of serum PHI in
      gastrointestinal cancer at histopathologically defined stages prior to primary
      treatment. A total of 248 patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal
      tract and a collective of 42 patients with noncancerous diseases were studied.
      The results are compared with those obtained with the established markers tissue
      polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Phosphohexose
      isomerase (PHI) revealed an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 69%, combined with
      a specificity of 74%. The corresponding data for TPA were found to be 73 and 47%
      while for CEA 26 and 95% respectively were determined. Even in the early stages
      of colorectal and esophageal carcinoma, PHI showed a sensitivity of about 60%. A
      continuous rise of PHI serum levels, correlating well with the extent of the
      tumor disease, could be detected. In contrast to TPA and CEA, PHI assay can be
      carried out with a minimum of laboratory efforts, in a short time and at low
      costs. These findings suggest that serum PHI assay is a useful aid for screening
      of gastrointestinal cancer, especially esophageal and gastric carcinoma, and a
      reliable marker for treatment control and follow-up.

PMID- 3368193
TI  - Characterization of a toxic lectin in Iscador, a mistletoe preparation with
      alleged cancerostatic properties.
AB  - Iscador, a mistletoe preparation widely used in cancer chemotherapy, was found to
      contain a toxic component which is structurally and functionally closely related
      to viscumin. When antiviscumin was present in the medium, Vero cells were
      strongly, but not completely protected against Iscador. The main cytotoxic
      component in Iscador appears, like viscumin, to bind to terminal nonreducing
      galactose residues. Thus, addition to the medium of galactose, lactose or
      melibiose blocked the cytotoxic activity. The main cytotoxic protein in Iscador
      was retained on a desialylated fetuin column and on an antiviscumin column. This
      material was found to have a molecular weight close to, but not identical to,
      that of viscumin.

PMID- 3368194
TI  - Effect of pretazettine and viva-natural, a dietary seaweed extract, on
      spontaneous AKR leukemia in comparison with standard drugs.
AB  - Antileukemic activity of pretazettine hydrochloride (PTZ: a narcissus alkaloid)
      and Viva-Natural (a seaweed extract) has been confirmed against spontaneous AKR T
      cell leukemia in mice containing 20% of advanced leukemia. The activity of both
      agents has been compared with selected standard cytotoxic drugs, vincristine
      (VCR), methotrexate (MTX), 6-thioguanine (6-TG), and adriamycin (ADR), and
      immunomodulators, pyran copolymer (MVE-2), isoprinosine, levamisole and tilorone.
      PTZ activity seems to be superior (90% increase in life span, ILS) to those of
      MTX (71% ILS), 6-TG (60%), and ADR (49%), and inferior to VCR (114% ILS). Viva
      Natural has been found to be the only immunomodulator (61%) active against AKR T
      cell leukemia, while all standard immunomodulators tested were not active.
      Combination treatment of PTZ with VCR, or 6-TG, or ADR, or Viva-Natural were
      synergistic, but combination of PTZ with MTX was not beneficial. PTZ or VCR has
      been found to be therapeutically very effective (323 or 347% ILS, respectively)
      against mice in advanced stage of leukemia, and induced complete clinical
      remissions. Also, PTZ has been found to reverse the leukemia-enhancing effect of
      ciclosporin in AKR mice at preleukemic stage.

PMID- 3368195
TI  - Cocarcinogenic activity of bile acids in the chemical transformation of
      C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts in vitro.
AB  - We have performed a series of experiments to determine directly whether bile
      acids influence carcinogenesis, using a C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation system in
      vitro. Treatment of the cells with the carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA),
      followed by the addition of lithocholic acid (LCA), produced a marked increase in
      the number of transformed foci as compared to the number induced by MCA alone.
      Simultaneous treatment with MCA and bile acid did not increase the number of
      transformed foci except in the case of MCA in combination with LCA. When cultured
      cells were exposed to MCA soon after removal of cholic acid or LCA, a
      statistically significant increase in the number of transformed foci was noted.
      When cultured cells were replated after continuous exposure to test compounds and
      then treated with MCA, no enhancement of the rate of formation of transformed
      colonies was observed. From these results, it appears that bile acids act as not
      only promoting but also as co-carcinogenic agents under certain circumstances.

PMID- 3368196
TI  - Antitumor and other effects of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in Lewis lung
      carcinoma causing abnormal calcium metabolism in tumor-bearing mice.
AB  - Lewis lung carcinoma was found to cause hypercalcemia in tumor-bearing mice.
      24R,25(OH)2D3 (K-DR, prepared by Kureha Chemical Ind.) significantly prolonged
      the survival time of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma. K-DR exhibited an
      antimetastatic effect on Lewis lung carcinoma, and also had an analgesic effect
      in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma.

PMID- 3368197
TI  - Role of humoral immunity in progressive and regressive and metastatic growth of
      the canine transmissible venereal sarcoma.
AB  - Canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) is a contagious neoplasm which
      regresses spontaneously in adult dogs but metastasizes and kills puppies
      transplanted with the neoplasm at a very young age. Immunofluorescence studies
      showed that 30 +/- 14% of cells from steady-state and 22 +/- 7% of cells from
      regressing tumors had membrane-bound antibodies which could be eluted out with
      warm washes at 24 degrees C, whereas the cells from progressor tumors had very
      little such antibody (6 +/- 6%). Time-course kinetics of anti-CTVS antibodies in
      the serum of tumor-bearing dogs did not correlate well with tumor volume,
      however, the presence of such antibodies in adult dogs (47 +/- 13%) but absence
      (0%) in the puppies with tumor metastasis suggested the importance of antibodies
      in resistance to metastasis.

PMID- 3368198
TI  - DNA distributions in human normal, precancerous and cancerous breast tissue. II.
      Differences in heparin mediated changes in DNA distributions.
AB  - DNA distributions were recorded flow cytometrically (FCM) in human normal,
      precancerous (P1 characterized by ductal hyperplasia and/or lobular hyperplasia,
      and P2 characterized by carcinomata lobularia in situ and intraductal carcinoma)
      and malignant breast tissues. Heparin, a polyanion, mediated two changes: (a) a
      time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity (IFI) considered to be
      inversely proportional to the proliferative activity. IFI was significantly lower
      in carcinomas than in P2, in normal and in P1 tissues; it identified a highly and
      a poorly heparin-sensitive subgroup of carcinomas, which differed in respect to
      histological type and tumor stage distribution; (b) a time-dependent increase in
      the percentage of recorded DNA aneuploid cells (IAC) at the expense of DNA
      diploid cells in mixed cell population. IAC is considered to correspond to cell
      membrane permeability. DNA aneuploid cell populations homogeneous in respect to
      DNA - index (DI) seem to be heterogeneous in respect to cell membrane function.
      Duct carcinomas showed significantly higher IAC than lobular carcinomas.

PMID- 3368200
TI  - Thermochemosensitivity: augmentation by hyperthermia of cytotoxicity of
      anticancer drugs against human colorectal cancers, measured by the human tumor
      clonogenic assay.
AB  - Thermochemosensitivity was examined in vitro by a human tumor clonogenic assay
      (HTCA) using specimens obtained surgically from 43 patients with colorectal
      cancer. We found that the percentages of patients whose cells showed higher
      sensitivity (greater than 70% inhibition of colony formation) to hyperthermia
      alone were 29.6 and 55.6% at 42 and 43 degrees C each for 1 h, respectively.
      Similarly, percentages of patients whose cells were sensitive to drugs alone were
      13.8, 24.1 and 48.3%, for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), 5-fluorouracil and
      mitomycin C, respectively. These sensitivities were augmented when hyperthermia
      was combined with administration of anticancer agents. Even in tumor cells that
      were insensitive to anticancer drugs alone or to hyperthermia alone, sensitivity
      was enhanced when administration of drugs was combined with hyperthermia. Our
      results demonstrate that HTCA of tumor cells, obtained from suitable patients,
      may be useful as a predictive test for application of thermotherapy and for
      individualization of chemotherapy.

PMID- 3368199
TI  - Heterogeneity of soluble suppressor factors in rat malignant ascites.
AB  - A study was undertaken to enumerate and partially characterize soluble factors
      generated by tumor-bearing animals capable of suppressing PHA-induced splenocyte
      proliferation. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to form malignant ascites by the
      intraperitoneal injection of the Walker 256 carcinoma. Intact ascites suppressed
      splenocyte proliferation by 96%. Molecular sieving of the ascites by means of
      ultrafiltration (10-kilodalton particle cutoff) revealed suppressor activity to
      reside in both the ultrafiltrate and retentate. Further enumeration of suppressor
      factors was achieved by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      ascites ultrafiltrate and retentate. Five discrete bands of suppressor activity
      were resolved in the ultrafiltrate, three of which were heat-labile. Three
      discrete bands of suppressor activity were resolved in the retentate, none of
      which were heat-labile. This study underscores the complexity and heterogeneity
      of soluble factors elaborated in a cancer-bearing animal.

PMID- 3368201
TI  - Differences between carnitine derivatives and coenzyme Q10 in preventing in vitro
      doxorubicin-related cardiac damages.
AB  - Anthracycline derivatives are among the most effective and widely used
      antiblastic drugs. Irreversible and dose-dependent cardiotoxic side effects,
      however, severely limit their prolonged use. This study sought to establish
      whether carnitine derivatives or coenzyme Q10 could provide protection against
      doxorubicin-related cardiac damage. Rat heart slices were incubated for 60 min in
      a Warburg apparatus at 38 degrees C with 4 mM L-carnitine or 1 mM propionyl
      carnitine or 15 microM coenzyme Q10 to which 25 microM doxorubicin was added.
      Cellular oxygen uptake and 14C-leucine incorporation were measured. Carnitine
      derivatives significantly reduced (p less than 0.001) the metabolic cardiac
      impairment due to doxorubicin. Incubation for 60 min with a mixture of L
      carnitine and doxorubicin improved cellular respiration, oxygen uptake being only
      9% less than that of the controls, and an even greater reversal characterized the
      propionyl carnitine mixture for which the recovery of endogenous cellular
      respiration was almost complete (93%). Coenzyme Q10 instead provided no
      significant protection against doxorubicin-induced inhibition. The incorporation
      of 14C-leucine followed a similar pattern; the addition of carnitine derivatives
      to doxorubicin served to restore cellular protein synthesis almost totally (from
      76 to 97%), whereas coenzyme Q10 produced no significant increment, probably due
      to the low permeability of the cell membrane to exogenous coenzyme Q10. Thus,
      levo and propionyl carnitine even more appear to be promising agents in the
      prevention of doxorubicin-related cardiac toxicity.

PMID- 3368202
TI  - Carcinogenicity testing of black pepper (Piper nigrum) using the Egyptian toad
      (Bufo regularis) as a quick biological test animal.
AB  - Milled black pepper (Piper nigrum) force-fed to Egyptian toads as a suspension in
      amphibian saline or injected subcutaneously in the dorsal lymph sac as an ethanol
      extract, induced primary tumours in the liver and secondary tumours in other
      organs (kidney and spleen). When applied to the skin of experimental animals as
      an ethanol extract, black pepper induced primary tumours in the liver and
      secondary tumours in the ileum and stomach. Tumours of the liver were diagnosed
      as hepatocellular carcinomas and those of the other organs as metastases of the
      primary liver tumours. It is speculated that one or more constituents of black
      pepper may be responsible for tumour induction in the organs of the Egyptian toad
      Bufo regularis.

PMID- 3368203
TI  - Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors in cancer patients.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptor concentration was determined in circulating lymphocytes
      of patients with benign and malignant tumors. It was not different from control
      values in case of benign tumors. However, it was increased significantly in case
      of operable colorectal adenocarcinoma and decreased, sometimes to very low
      levels, when the tumor (gastric or colorectal adenocarcinoma) was inoperable.

PMID- 3368204
TI  - Peritoneal macrophage is the cell transformed by Yoshida ascites tumor virus.
AB  - Resident peritoneal macrophages purified by adhesion on plastic surface,
      suspended in 1 ml of cell-free fluid from Yoshida ascites tumor for 2 h, washed
      three times and reinjected in the original rat, produce the development of a
      neoplasia with the same properties as the Yoshida ascites tumor.

PMID- 3368205
TI  - Nursing care plans: burden or blessing?

PMID- 3368206
TI  - Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales.

PMID- 3368207
TI  - Expanding horizons: the nurse practitioner and hospice. Interview by Donna J.
      Eckhart.

PMID- 3368208
TI  - [Antibody formation in experimental kidney failure and in the early stages of
      restorative kidney growth in mice].
AB  - The ability of spleen cells to respond with antibody formation to a foreign
      antigen (sheep erythrocytes) was studied in mice at different kidney lesions (uni
      and bilateral nephrectomy, ureter ligation, pseudo-operation, wound of one
      kidney) during the early postoperation period (1-72 h). In the case of bilateral
      nephrectomy, the reliable increase in the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC)
      was noted already within 1 h after the operation, in the case of unilateral
      nephrectomy within 12 h. In the case of bi- and unilateral ligations of ureter,
      the response was delayed by 3 and 5 h, respectively. Sham operation and kidney
      wound did not stimulate antibody formation. It is suggested that the antibody
      forming ability of the spleen cells does not depend on stress, renal deficiency
      or destructive changes and that the antibody formation is activated by
      disturbances in the ratio of immunoregulatory cells.

PMID- 3368209
TI  - [Effect of local anesthetics and phorbol ester on intracellular pH and rate of
      development of sea urchin embryos].
AB  - The unfertilized eggs of sand-dollars (Scaphechinus mirabilis) were treated with
      local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine, trimecaine) or phorbol ester for 10 min.
      The treatment with the local anesthetics increased pH of the cytoplasm in the
      unfertilized eggs (pHc) and changed the value of the pHc increment in response to
      fertilization, as compared with the control eggs. In the treated embryos, the
      onset of immigration of the primary mesenchyme cells was delayed but the hatching
      was accelerated. The phorbol ester treatment rapidly accelerated development from
      gastrulation on and practically did not affect the preceding stages.

PMID- 3368210
TI  - [Effect of diesel fuel hydrocarbons and cadmium on the development of sea urchin
      progeny].
AB  - The long-term keeping of sea urchins of the genus Strongylocentrotus in a sea
      water with sublethal concentrations of the diesel fuel hydrocarbons (0.04-0.3
      mg/l) or cadmium (0.001, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 mg/l) on the progeny development was
      studied. Sea urchins S. nudus are more resistant against cadmium than S.
      intermedius. The effects of long-term keeping of S. nudus in a sea water with
      hydrocarbons and of S. intermedius in a sea water with cadmium on the progeny
      development proved to be similar. The effects of both the toxicants were most
      distinct at the gastrula stage: the archenteron formation was delayed.
      Hydrocarbons exerted more toxic effects by the following criteria: decrease in
      the size of larvae, asynchrony and delay of development and frequency of defects.

PMID- 3368212
TI  - Papers from the 1986 ISSOL meeting. Berkeley, California. Part II.

PMID- 3368211
TI  - The nursing shortage Part I.

PMID- 3368213
TI  - Theoretical investigation of the role of clay edges in prebiotic peptide bond
      formation. II. Structures and thermodynamics of the activated complex species.
AB  - Amino acid activation by anhydride formation in model tetrahedral silicate and
      aluminate sites in clays and neutral phosphates have been studied by semi
      empirical molecular orbital calculations. The results have been compared to
      previous ab initio studies on the reactant species and were found to be in good
      agreement. The geometries of all species were totally optimized and heats of
      formation obtained. Relative heats of formation of the anhydrides indicate the
      extent of anhydride formation to be A1 greater than Si greater than P which is
      the same order as the stability of hydrolysis. The relative efficacy of the
      anhydrides in promoting peptide bond formation has been evaluated using both
      thermodynamic and chemical reactivity criteria. Heats of reaction for model
      reactions were calculated from calculated enthalpies of formation of the products
      and reactants. The electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon and the
      nucleophilicity of the oxygen were specifically used as indicators of chemical
      reactivity towards dipeptide formation by the activated amino acids. Our results
      indicate that if the reaction mechanism is dominated by the nucleophilic
      character of the oxygen, tetrahedral A1 sites should be more active than Si, and
      if the electrophilic character dominates, the order would be reversed.

PMID- 3368214
TI  - Montmorillonite: a multifunctional mineral catalyst for the prebiological
      formation of phosphate esters.
AB  - Reaction of diiminosuccinonitrile (DISN) with 3'-AMP in the presence of alkali-
      and alkaline earth-montmorillonites results in the formation of 2',3'-cAMP in
      aqueous solution. Little or no 2', 3'-cAMP is produced when metal ion
      concentrations equivalent to that of the metal ion associated with the homoionic
      clays are used instead of mobntmorillionite. Yields comparable to those obtained
      with DISN are obtained when diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) is used in place of DISN
      as the condensing agent. DAMN, a compound which is more stable than DISN in
      aqueous solution, is oxidized to DISN on the surface of the clay by Fe+3 in the
      clay lattice. DISN, the true condensing agent, is thus generated in the presence
      of the bound 3'-AMP on the montmorillonite surface. The montmorillonite catalyzes
      the DISN-mediated formation of 2', 3'-cAMP and this product, which binds much
      less strongly than does the 3'-AMP, is desorbed from the clay surface. This
      research established that the montmorillonite performs four different functions
      in its role as catalyst: (1) Binding one of the substrate molecules (3'-AMP) (2)
      Activating the second substrate (DAMN) (3) Catalyzing the formation of 2', 3'
      cAMP (4) Releasing the reaction product so another substrate molecules can bind
      to the montmorillonite.

PMID- 3368215
TI  - The earth and its life: systems perspective.
AB  - From the planetary point of view, the Earth can be imagined as a system comprised
      of interwined natural populations propagated through time via recycling. This
      recycling, or 'birth/death' process, imposes age patterns on natural populations
      of the solid earth, hydrosphere, atmosphere and living entities. Mathematically,
      the concept is analogous to that of population dynamics in living systems. The
      populations of the Earth system form a hierarchical structure. The hierarchy of
      geological tectonic realms contains populations of less than or equal to 10(24)
      10(26) gr in size, with half-lives in the 10(7)-10(9) yr time range. The
      approximate parameters for the oceans are less than or equal to 10(24) gr and
      10(2)-10(7) yr, for the atmosphere less than or equal to 10(21) gr and 10(-2)
      10(7) yr, and for living systems less than or equal to 10(14)-10(19) gr and 10(
      3)-10(-2) yr, respectively. In this perspective, and in departure from the GAIA
      hypothesis, the subordinate populations, such as those of living systems, are
      constrained to operate within limits imposed by the larger, and slower,
      hierarchies. They can overstep the imposed limits only on time scales shorter
      than the response time of the dominant populations. Isotopic record of past sea
      water shows that on time scales of 10(7) yr the solid earth, hydrosphere,
      atmosphere and life act as a unified system controlled by tectonics, that is by
      the hierarchy of the solid earth.

PMID- 3368216
TI  - A statistical examination of self-ordering of amino acids in proteins.
AB  - Steinman and Cole (1967) have claimed that amino acids will naturally assume a
      nonrandom sequence when polymerized into polypeptides. They based their claim on
      a comparison of the frequency with which various dipeptide bonds formed in a
      dilute solution of amino acids to the various depeptide frequencies actually
      observed in ten proteins. Although the trends in the normalized frequencies go in
      the same direction, a statistical examination of the two sets of frequencies
      indicates that there is no correlation at all between experimental dipeptide
      frequencies and actual depeptide frequencies based on the chi-square tests.

PMID- 3368217
TI  - On the origin of life event.
AB  - On the assumption of a uniform sample space probability hypothesis it is
      estimated a maximum number of polypeptides (or other kind of polymers) that could
      be synthesized in the prebiotic Earth. Besides, on the basis of five premises
      that are postulated as indispensable requirements for the origin of a living
      system, under the constraints of a protein-nucleic acid chemistry, it is
      concluded categorically that the origin of life event could not be the result of
      unbiased polymerization phenomena. On the contrary, biased and specific patterns
      of polymerization had to be an essential component in this fundamental event.
      Finally, several theories on the origin of life and complementary concepts like
      hypercyclic organization and self-organization phenomena in dissipative
      structures are discussed in the light of the conclusions arrived at in this work.

PMID- 3368219
TI  - The degeneracy rule of genetic code.
AB  - The degeneracy rules of genetic code including the distribution of terminators
      have been deduced through the minimization of mutational deterioration (MD). The
      MD of a given group of codons is divided into three parts: transitional,
      transversional and wobble's. The averaged mutational deteriorations (AMD) of
      various amino acids have been proved in order of their degrees of
      irreplaceability.

PMID- 3368220
TI  - [Possible genetic causes of sudden infant death].

PMID- 3368218
TI  - New prospects for deducing the evolutionary history of metabolic pathways in
      prokaryotes: aromatic biosynthesis as a case-in-point.
AB  - Metabolic pathways of prokaryotes are more biochemically diverse than is
      generally recognized. Distinctive biochemical features are shared by phylogenetic
      clusters. The hierarchical levels of character-state clustering depends upon
      evolutionary events which fortuitously became fixed in the genome of a common
      ancestor. Prokaryotes can now be ordered on a phylogenetic tree. This allows the
      evolutionary steps that underlie the construction and regulation of appropriately
      complex biochemical pathways to be traced in an evolutionary progression of
      prokaryote types that house these pathways. Essentially the approach is to deduce
      ancestral character states at ever deeper phylogenetic levels, utilizing logical
      principles of maximum parsimony. The current perspective on the evolution of the
      biochemical pathway for biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids is developed as a
      case-in-point model for analyses that should be feasible with many major
      metabolic systems. Phenylalanine biosynthesis probably arose prior to the
      addition of branches leading to tyrosine and tryptophan. An evolutionary scenario
      is developed that begins with non-enzymatic reactions which may have operated in
      primitive systems, followed by the evolution of an enzymatic system that pre
      dated the divergence of major lineages of modern eubacteria (Gram-positive
      bacteria, Gram-negative purple bacteria, and cyanobacteria).

PMID- 3368221
TI  - [Criteria of the definition of sudden infant death and difficulties of their
      evaluation].

PMID- 3368222
TI  - Argon laser arterial recanalization.

PMID- 3368223
TI  - Recognizing physician impairment.

PMID- 3368224
TI  - Sexually transmitted diseases in prison women.

PMID- 3368225
TI  - State preserves PACE Program for elderly.

PMID- 3368226
TI  - Expanding your practice by combination. The Health Care Group.

PMID- 3368227
TI  - Using a doctor's lien to assure payment.

PMID- 3368228
TI  - Autopsy.

PMID- 3368229
TI  - [Proctologic diseases in childhood].

PMID- 3368230
TI  - [Thermal injuries in childhood--conclusions from local treatment in an East
      German study].

PMID- 3368231
TI  - [Duplications of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3368232
TI  - [Sacral dermal sinus].

PMID- 3368233
TI  - [Ethical aspects of surgery of abnormalities].

PMID- 3368234
TI  - [Diseases of the gallbladder in children].

PMID- 3368235
TI  - [Splenectomy in children--sequelae and consequences].

PMID- 3368236
TI  - [Solid malignant abdominal tumors in childhood--computerized tomography
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3368237
TI  - [Surgical limits in the treatment of esophageal atresia--an analysis of 256
      treated children].

PMID- 3368238
TI  - [Chronic enteral failure to thrive cause by a neuroblastoma].

PMID- 3368239
TI  - [Varicocele in children and adolescents: only a therapeutic problem?].

PMID- 3368240
TI  - [Spermatic cord torsion in childhood and its problems].

PMID- 3368241
TI  - Intrauterine skull depression and intracranial hemorrhage in a premature infant.
AB  - The authors describe a case of a premature infant born with a parietal skull
      depression who suffered an intraventricular hemorrhage and an ipsilateral
      intracerebral injury. At 21 months of life the infant's gross motor milestones
      were delayed and he had moderate spastic hemiplegia. Although skull depressions
      at birth are usually benign, they may be associated with long-term neurologic
      sequelae.

PMID- 3368242
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and pathological white matter maturation.
AB  - Fifty children between 3 months postnatal and 16 years of age were examined by
      means of a 1.5 T superconductive magnet, run at 0.35 and 1.0 T. The myelination
      was studied qualitatively and quantitatively (relaxation times, proton densities,
      image contrast). With increasing age, a decrease of T1 and proton density of
      white matter was found, which was complete at one year of age. In regions with a
      slow progression of myelination, gray/white matter contrast showed an increase up
      to the end of the first decade. Pathological white matter maturation was
      diagnosed either as an abnormal transformation of myelin (characterized by
      abnormal relaxation values), or as a deficient or delayed myelin formation (in
      comparison with age-matched controls).

PMID- 3368243
TI  - Intrathecal administration of iopamidol in children: clinical and diagnostic
      results.
AB  - An open label, noncomparative clinical trial of intrathecal iopamidol in children
      was performed. Sixty-one subjects between the ages of 24 days and 17 years were
      studied. Opacification of the subarachnoid space was adequate in all cases. Mild
      adverse reactions were detected in 10% of the participants. Seizures, EEG
      alterations or other severe reactions did not occur. The findings confirm the
      efficacy and safety of iopamidol as an intrathecal contrast medium in pediatrics.

PMID- 3368244
TI  - Pulmonary interstitial emphysema--a radiological and pathological correlation.
AB  - The pathology and radiology of 19 cases of histologically proven pulmonary
      interstitial emphysema (PIE) were studied retrospectively. There was a good
      correlation between the pathological and radiological findings. Radiology
      therefore provides a useful indicator of early PIE which may allow more
      successful management and decreased morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 3368245
TI  - Radiologic anthropometry of the hand in patients with familial short stature.
AB  - Fifth metacarpal bone shortening (brachymetacarpia V) was recently described to
      be highly prevalent in children with familial short stature (FSS). To
      characterize the hand bones of FSS patients with and without brachymetacarpia V,
      the left hand bone age radiographs of 26 FSS children were reviewed. In 16/19
      patients with clinical brachymetacarpia V radiographs revealed fifth metacarpal
      bone shortening with a gap of 2 mm or more between the distal end of the fifth
      metacarpal bone and a tangential line connecting the distal ends of the third and
      fourth metacarpal bones. Only one of 7 patients without clinical brachymetacarpia
      V had a gap of 2 mm. Radiologic anthropometry revealed that FSS patients with
      clinically shortened fifth metacarpal bone frequently had shortened first
      metacarpal bones, second and third proximal phalanges, and fifth distal phalanx
      as well. FSS patients without clinical fifth metacarpal bone shortening had
      shortened third and fourth metacarpal bones, fifth proximal phalanx, and fifth
      distal phalanx. Fifth metacarpal bone shortening was only detected clinically if
      the fourth metacarpal bone was not short as well. Reduction in height correlated
      more with reduction in metacarpal bone length than with that of the other hand
      bones. These peculiar tubular bone alterations commonly seen in FSS suggest a
      disturbance in endochondral ossification, the process primarily involved in
      tubular bone elongation.

PMID- 3368246
TI  - The expanded spectrum of limb anomalies in the VATER association.
AB  - The radiographs of 230 children who had undergone neonatal surgery for
      imperforate anus and/or esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula were
      reviewed. Of the 31 children with limb anomalies thus detected, the 24 who had no
      radiologic or laboratory evidence of chromosomal abnormality form the basis of
      this report. In 16 children the limb anomalies fell within the commonly described
      spectrum of the VATER association. In the other 8 children and in 3 of the
      children with typical VATER limb anomalies additional anomalies were encountered:
      Sprengel deformity [2], hypoplasia of the humerus [3], radioulnar synostosis [1],
      midline anomalies of the hand [1], absence of the pubis, femur, tibia, and fibula
      and two rays of the foot [1], and other foot deformities. Subtle anomalies of the
      hand were common and included: clinodactyly, syndactyly, shortening of the middle
      phalanx of the fifth digit, and rotary malposition of the digits.

PMID- 3368247
TI  - A new type of spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia--Algerian type. Report of five
      cases.
AB  - A new, dominantly inherited, severe form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia in five
      members of an Algerian family is reported. Another child, not investigated, was
      also probably affected. The disease is characterised by a unique clinical and
      radiological set of features: dwarfism, genu valgum deformity, progressive kypho
      scoliosis, wrist deformity, myopia and severe metaphyseal dysplasia, with
      moderate spinal changes and minimal changes in the hands and feet. In view of the
      geographical localisation of the disorder and the anatomical distribution we
      propose the name Algerian type of spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia.

PMID- 3368248
TI  - MRI demonstration of pulmonary sequestration.
AB  - The preoperative evaluation of pulmonary sequestration requires delineation of
      the arterial supply and venous drainage of both the sequestered segment and the
      neighboring lung. In this case magnetic resonance imaging was the sole modality
      which demonstrated all components of the arterial and venous circulations of a
      sequestration and the remainder of the ipsilateral lung.

PMID- 3368249
TI  - Pulmonary aspergillosis appearing as chronic nodular disease in chronic
      granulomatous disease.
AB  - Chronic nodular pneumonia is unusual in children. Three children are described
      who presented with diffuse nodular pulmonary disease and in whom lung biopsy
      demonstrated Aspergillus infection. One child was known to have chronic
      granulomatous disease of childhood (CGD) and further investigation demonstrated
      CGD in the other two patients as well. These cases indicate that Aspergillus
      infection and CGD should be considered in the differential diagnosis in children
      who present with chronic diffuse nodular pneumonia.

PMID- 3368250
TI  - Enlarged common hepatic duct secondary to morphine in a neonate.
AB  - A neonate with reversible, nonobstructive common hepatic duct enlargement
      secondary to intravenous morphine administration is presented.

PMID- 3368251
TI  - Unsuspected adrenal masses in the neonate: adrenal cortical carcinoma and
      neuroblastoma. A report of two cases.
AB  - Masses involving the adrenal in the neonate are most commonly due to hemorrhage.
      The literature involving the neonatal adrenal reflects this propensity. Although
      there have been reports of newborns with neuroblastoma [1, 2] and other tumors
      [3], which are more common in older children, ultrasonographic descriptions of
      masses involving the adrenal secondary to such tumors are rare [1]. Within a 6
      month span we have discovered a clinically unsuspected adrenal carcinoma and
      adrenal neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3368252
TI  - Calcification in the adrenal glands associated with disseminated herpes simplex
      infection.
AB  - Bilateral adrenal calcification was identified in a neonate at 7 weeks of age
      following Herpes Simplex Type I infection at 2 weeks of age. Calcification could
      be identified by plain films and ultrasound. Extensive hepatic calcification was
      also noted.

PMID- 3368253
TI  - Childhood retroperitoneal fibrosis.
AB  - Retroperitoneal fibrosis is rarely considered in the differential diagnosis of
      ureteral obstruction in children even when clinical presentation and radiologic
      findings are typical. In a 12-year-old boy admitted with a 2-week history of
      flank pain computed tomography showed an enhancing mass obstructing the left
      ureter. Pathologic examination of the mass and adjacent segment of ureter
      revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PMID- 3368254
TI  - Postnatal resolution of large ovarian cysts detected in utero.

PMID- 3368255
TI  - 25th Congress of the European Society of Pediatric Radiology. Montreux,
      Switzerland, 13.-16. April 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3368256
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infection and the immunocompromised host.

PMID- 3368257
TI  - Cryoprecipitates in Kawasaki syndrome: association with coronary artery
      aneurysms.
AB  - Cryoprecipitates are postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of several
      vasculitis illnesses and infectious diseases. To investigate the presence of
      cryoprecipitates in Kawasaki syndrome, we studied sera from 25 children with
      acute Kawasaki syndrome. None of the subjects was treated with intravenous gamma
      globulin. Cryoprecipitates were detectable in sera of 11 of 25 (44%) children
      studied. The mean (+/- SE protein concentration of the cryoprecipitates was 88.0
      (+/- 20.2) micrograms/ml serum. Cryoprecipitates consisted primarily of IgG and
      IgM; no complement components were detected but highly sensitive methods were not
      used. The presence of cryoprecipitates in the serum of children with acute
      Kawasaki syndrome was associated with the subsequent development of coronary
      artery aneurysms detected by echocardiogram (P less than 0.05). There was no
      association between detectable cryoprecipitates and either peak platelet count or
      erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In one patient, measurement of cryoprecipitates
      in serial samples showed a reduction in concentrations that paralleled subsidence
      of disease activity. We speculate that cryoprecipitates may be a marker for
      increased risk of coronary aneurysm formation and may play a role in the
      pathogenesis of the cardiac disease in Kawasaki syndrome.

PMID- 3368258
TI  - Efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
AB  - A prominent increase of notified cases of pertussis was observed during
      discontinuation of pertussis immunization in Aichi Prefecture from 1975 to 1979.
      The patients were principally unimmunized children. After reintroduction of
      pertussis vaccine the number of cases decreased gradually and the decline has
      continued after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine. A retrospective
      survey of immunized schoolchildren also showed efficacy of the vaccine. To
      confirm the efficacy of acellular vaccine a prospective case contact study was
      conducted. Of 35 unimmunized children 29 developed clinically diagnosed
      pertussis, and of 52 children who received two or more doses of the vaccine only
      two developed disease after the household exposure. There were no serious
      systemic adverse reactions including high fever or encephalopathy. Severe local
      reaction occurred in 2.65/100,000 recipients of a third and fourth dose of the
      acellular vaccine.

PMID- 3368259
TI  - Epidemic patterns of infectious diseases from the results of the surveillance of
      infectious diseases in Japan.
AB  - Epidemic patterns of 12 infectious diseases based on the data derived from the
      surveillance system of infectious diseases in Japan are analyzed. Weekly numbers
      of patients per one monitor station (general clinics and hospitals) are
      calculated by prefecture. Based on these data, the patterns of epidemic are
      classified into five categories: Category 1, nationwide outbreak of short
      duration (rotavirus enteritis, hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina); Category
      2, nationwide outbreak of long duration (varicella); Category 3, concurrent
      outbreaks in several districts (rubella and erythema infectiosum); Category 4,
      epidemic of long duration in several prefectures at different times (measles,
      mumps, pertussis, streptococcal infection and atypical pneumonia); Category 5,
      unclear epidemic pattern (exanthema subitum).

PMID- 3368260
TI  - Current therapy of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in infants and children: a
      poll of directors of programs in pediatric infectious diseases.

PMID- 3368261
TI  - Vertical transmission of Citrobacter diversus from mother to infant.

PMID- 3368262
TI  - Kluyvera: a case report of urinary tract infection and sepsis.

PMID- 3368263
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid cell counts in childhood idiopathic status epilepticus.

PMID- 3368264
TI  - Incomplete Kawasaki disease with facial nerve paralysis and coronary artery
      involvement.

PMID- 3368265
TI  - Corrections for article on delayed chlamydial infections.

PMID- 3368266
TI  - Management of catheter-related bacteremia.

PMID- 3368267
TI  - Treatment of thrush.

PMID- 3368268
TI  - IGG subclass determinations.

PMID- 3368269
TI  - Vertigo and varicella.

PMID- 3368271
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3368270
TI  - Gentian violet in the treatment of oral candidiasis.

PMID- 3368272
TI  - Isolated Cryptococcus neoformans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child.

PMID- 3368273
TI  - Carriage of Citrobacter diversus among young children in Baltimore.

PMID- 3368274
TI  - Newborn screening for sickle cell disease: effect on mortality.
AB  - Newborn screening for sickle cell disease has been recommended as a method of
      decreasing patient mortality. However, its effectiveness in accomplishing this
      has not been reliably measured. To help determine the effectiveness, 10 years of
      experience in newborn screening have been summarized. The effects of early
      patient enrollment in a comprehensive treatment program on long-term morbidity
      and mortality are reported. From 1975 to 1985, 84,663 newborns were screened
      regardless of race or ethnic background. Bart's hemoglobin was present in 5%,
      hemoglobin AS in 2.6%, and hemoglobin AC in 0.75%. Excluding Bart's,
      approximately 3.6% of all newborns were carriers for hemoglobinopathy. Sickle
      cell disease occurred in 1:951 births (58 hemoglobin SS, 25 hemoglobin FSC, three
      hemoglobin S-beta +-thalassemia, and three hemoglobin S-beta O-thalassemia). In
      addition, one in every 4,233 newborns had a clinically significant thalassemia
      syndrome (eight hemoglobin FE, ten hemoglobin F only, two hemoglobin H). Compared
      with other newborn screening programs in California, (congenital hypothyroidism,
      1:3,849; phenylketonuria 1:22,474, galactosemia 1:74,103), hemoglobinopathies are
      the most prevalent congenital disease. Eighty-one newborns with sickle cell
      disease were followed for 7.2 years. Patients experienced 513 hospitalizations,
      including 13 episodes of sepsis with or without meningitis and ten acute
      sequestration crises. The overall mortality rate for patients with sickle cell
      anemia diagnosed in the newborn period was 1.8%. In comparison, the clinical
      course of 64 patients with sickle cell anemia diagnosed after 3 months of age and
      followed for an average of 9.4 years was analyzed. Five of these patients died.
      In two of these, sickle cell anemia was diagnosed at the time of the
      death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368275
TI  - Infant temperament, sleep organization, and nighttime parental interventions.
AB  - Objective measures of sleep-wake organization derived from time-lapse video
      recordings were compared with parental perceptions of infant temperament in 23
      infants 6 months of age. Although both mothers' and fathers' ratings of infant
      temperament were correlated with variables reflecting sleep continuity, results
      for fathers were much more striking. Infants who required care giving during the
      night were rated as significantly more difficult and arrhythmic by fathers than
      by mothers. All infants awakened during the night. Some of them soothed
      themselves and returned to sleep; however, others signaled and required care
      giving interventions from their parents before returning to sleep. No differences
      in variables reflecting the biology of sleep distinguished "signaling" infants
      and "self-soothing" infants, although feedings at bedtime (breast or bottle) were
      more common in the signaling group.

PMID- 3368276
TI  - Independent dysmorphology evaluations at birth and 4 years of age for children
      exposed to varying amounts of alcohol in utero.
AB  - Two groups of 4-year-old children were examined by a dysmorphologist without
      knowledge of previous examination results or prenatal exposure and categorized as
      to whether or not they showed fetal alcohol effects. A priori classification of
      children into the two groups was on the basis of their mothers' self-report of
      drinking when interviewed during pregnancy. Children born to 108 mothers in a
      "heavier" drinking group (absolute alcohol concentration greater than or equal to
      30 mL/d [1.0 oz/d]) were compared with a matched group of children born to 97
      mothers whose average absolute alcohol concentration was less than 0.3 mL/d (0.01
      oz/d). The percentage of children with fetal alcohol effects in the heavier
      drinking v the comparison group was 20.4% v 9.3%. When fetal alcohol effects were
      studied in relation to only the absolute alcohol concentration scores, there was
      a significantly greater chance of a child being classified as having fetal
      alcohol effects with increasing levels of alcohol exposure prior to recognition
      of pregnancy (P = .013). A logistic regression, run on the absolute alcohol
      concentration scores and other primary exposures, indicated that fetal alcohol
      effects classification was not significantly related to nicotine, caffeine, or
      marijuana but was significantly related to absolute alcohol concentration scores
      even after statistically adjusting for these other exposures (P = .002).
      Classification of fetal alcohol effects at 4 years of age was compared to a fetal
      alcohol effects classification obtained at birth by an independent
      dysmorphologist in a sample of 75 subjects examined at both ages, and 80% of the
      infants classified as having fetal alcohol effects at birth were classified as
      having fetal alcohol effects at 4 years of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368277
TI  - Oral and written language abilities of XXY boys: implications for anticipatory
      guidance.
AB  - Previous studies of XXY boys suggest that they are at risk for certain
      communication disorders involving oral and written language. In this study, the
      language, reading, and spelling skills of a group of 14 XXY boys identified
      during neonatal cytogenetic screening were compared with those of a group of 15
      control children. The two groups were matched for age, grade, race, parity, birth
      weight, parental age and education, and socioeconomic status. The mean age of the
      XXY group was 9 years 7 months and that of the control group was 9 years 3
      months. The mean academic grade level for both groups was at the transition
      between third and fourth grade. There was selective reduction in verbal IQ scores
      for the XXY group and no significant differences apparent between groups for
      performance IQ scores. The decrease in verbal IQ was associated with a reduced
      full-scale IQ and also with significant problems in expressive language, auditory
      processing abilities, and auditory memory. Word-finding difficulties and problems
      in the production of syntax were major components of the specific expressive
      language deficit. Except for difficulties in the understanding of complex
      sentence structures, the receptive language skills of XXY boys did not differ
      significantly from those of the control group. These reductions in speech and
      language abilities correlated with decreased achievement by the XXY group on a
      variety of reading and spelling tasks. These results suggest that difficulty
      learning how to read and spell may be due to a preexistent language disability.
      Early attention to such expressive language problems may be essential to
      ameliorate secondary maladaptive behaviors due to chronic language-related
      learning disabilities.

PMID- 3368278
TI  - Influence of birth weight on mortality from infectious diseases: a case-control
      study.
AB  - The association between birth weight and infant mortality from infectious
      diseases was investigated in a population-based case-control study in two urban
      areas in southern Brazil. All deaths of children, seven to 364 days of age,
      occurring in a year were studied and the parents of the 357 infants dying of an
      infectious cause were interviewed, as were the parents of two neighborhood
      control infants for each case. Low birth weight infants (less than 2,500 g) were
      found, after allowing for confounding factors, to be 2.3 (90% confidence interval
      = 1.6 to 3.4) times more likely to die of an infection than those of higher birth
      weight. The odds ratios were 2.0 (1.1 to 3.6) for deaths due to diarrhea, 1.9
      (1.0 to 3.6) for respiratory infections, and 5.0 (1.3 to 18.6) for other
      infections. These estimates of the risks associated with low birth weight are
      considerably lower than those from studies in developed countries.

PMID- 3368279
TI  - Low affinity antibody to rubella antigen in patients after rubella infection in
      utero.
AB  - As a measure of the affinity of antirubella antibody, the resistance of the
      antibody to elution was used by increasing concentration of ammonium thiocyanate.
      The term affinity index has been used to define the molarity of thiocyanate which
      leads to a reduction of 50% of the initial density. The serum from a group of
      patients with intrauterine rubella was compared with the serum from a group of
      deaf children, some of whom could have rubella, and a group of controls with
      antibody following natural infection. The results show that the affinity index of
      patients with rubella is significantly lower than that of controls. The other
      deaf patients span the range of indices of the rubella and control groups
      suggesting that a number of those children could have deafness caused by
      intrauterine rubella.

PMID- 3368280
TI  - Milk production by mothers of premature infants.
AB  - Milk volume, day of initiation of pumping, duration and frequency of milk
      expression, and length of night rest interval were evaluated for the first month
      postpartum in 32 healthy, nonsmoking women (ages 20 to 38 years) who delivered at
      28 to 30 weeks' gestation. Early milk volumes were related negatively to the
      delay between delivery and the initiation of milk expression (r = -.48, P less
      than .02). Average milk volumes at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum were 493 +/-
      330 and 606 +/- 369 mL/d (mean +/- SD), respectively, and were not related to the
      absolute frequency or duration of pumping or to night rest interval. Volume
      changes between weeks 2 and 4 postpartum were correlated with the absolute
      frequency (r = .49, P less than .01) and duration of pump use (r = .42, P less
      than .05) during this interval and with changes in frequency (r = 0.56, P less
      than .002) or duration (r = 0.49, P less than .05) between the first 2 and the
      second 2 weeks postpartum. Optimal milk production was associated with five or
      more milk expressions per day and pumping durations that exceeded 100 min/d.

PMID- 3368281
TI  - Indwelling umbilical arterial catheter: a preferred sampling site for blood
      culture.
AB  - Indwelling umbilical arterial catheter was evaluated prospectively as an
      alternative site for blood culture sampling. In 282 infants, 318 paired blood
      cultures were obtained from the peripheral vein and from the indwelling umbilical
      arterial line. Duration of umbilical catheter placement ranged from 0.5 to 196
      hours; in 17% of the infants, catheters were in place for between 24 and 196
      hours. In 13 blood culture pairs the same pathogens were found and had been
      obtained from the peripheral vein and the umbilical arterial line. Two pairs were
      positive for discrepant organisms. A total of 11 pairs were positive in one site
      only, with five positive from peripheral vein only and the other six from the
      umbilical arterial catheter. However, most of these single-site positive blood
      cultures were apparently true positives based on supporting laboratory data for
      infection. Contamination rates were 1.3% and 0.9% for peripheral vein and
      umbilical arterial catheter blood cultures, respectively. Thus, in sick neonates,
      the indwelling umbilical arterial line was an alternative and perhaps a preferred
      site for blood culture sampling.

PMID- 3368282
TI  - Substantiation of sexual abuse charges when parents dispute custody or
      visitation.
AB  - Recent news reports have implied that charges of sexual child abuse during
      parental separation or divorce are often deliberately falsified. Such a
      conclusion could be harmful if it biased practitioners faced with such
      allegations in clinical practice. To investigate this concern, sexual abuse cases
      in a hospital-based consecutive series and in one author's clinical practice were
      reviewed. Abuse allegations with and without a concomitant custody or visitation
      dispute were compared. A custody or visitation dispute occurred in 12 (39%) of 31
      sexual abuse complaints lodged against a parent. Allegedly abused children whose
      parents contested custody or visitation were significantly younger than those for
      whom custody or visitation was not an issue (5.4 v 7.8 years, P = .02). Sexual
      abuse allegations were substantiated less frequently when there was concomitant
      parental conflict (67% v 95%, nonsignificant) but were nevertheless substantiated
      more than half of the time.

PMID- 3368283
TI  - Reduced hemoglobin values in children and young adults with hemophilia.
AB  - Mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are common in multitransfused hemophiliacs.
      Because little attention has previously been directed to measurements of
      erythropoiesis in these patients, we prospectively examined hemoglobin
      concentration and RBC indices in 94 children and young adults with hemophilia
      during comprehensive clinic visits. Additional studies performed in many included
      serum transferrin saturation, ferritin, haptoglobin, and free erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin measurements. Hemoglobin concentrations were recorded as age
      related percentile values. Hemophiliacs of all ages and degrees of severity often
      had lower than average values for hemoglobin; 31% had values less than the third
      percentile, 46% less than the tenth percentile, and 83% less than the mean value.
      Reduced hemoglobin percentile values were unrelated to age, severity of disease,
      or human immunodeficiency virus antibody status. Only five patients had an
      obvious cause for anemia. Serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin values were usually normal, indicating that iron deficiency and
      anemia of chronic disease were uncommon. Although serum haptoglobin was reduced
      in 44% of the patients, reticulocyte count was infrequently increased. We
      conclude that hemoglobin values are frequently less than the mean normal values
      for age in hemophiliacs. Although frank anemia is common, it is usually mild and
      without obvious cause. Hemophiliac individuals with slightly reduced hemoglobin
      values probably do not routinely require detailed investigation for occult blood
      loss, iron deficiency, or inflammation.

PMID- 3368284
TI  - Peritonitis in children with nephrotic syndrome.
AB  - In a retrospective review of 214 children with nephrotic syndrome seen at
      Children's Medical Center and Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas throughout the
      20-year period from 1967 to 1986, 62 cases of primary peritonitis were identified
      in 37 patients (17.3% rate). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the major pathogen,
      accounting for 38% of the cases. An additional 27% of patients had negative
      culture results but were clinically responsive to penicillin. Gram-negative
      organisms were cultured from only 3% of patients; 5% were caused by alpha
      streptococci and 2% each by enterococcus and anaerobes. In 23% of cases the cause
      was unknown. Our findings differ from the recent trend in the literature in which
      Gram-negative organisms associated with these infections are increasingly
      implicated. The incidence and bacteriology of peritonitis do not appear to have
      changed significantly during the 20-year period. Clinically, peritonitis was
      characterized by abdominal pain (98%), fever (95%), rebound tenderness (85%), and
      nausea and vomiting (71%). A total of 79% of patients were either in relapse or
      receiving steroid therapy at the time peritonitis was diagnosed; 13% had
      infiltrates visible on their chest radiographs. Based on our data, it seems
      reasonable to initiate antimicrobial therapy in nephrotic children with suspected
      peritonitis using a combination of penicillin plus either an aminoglycoside or a
      cephalosporin. This regimen should continue until culture results are available,
      unless Gram-positive diplococci are identified in a Gram-stained specimen of
      peritoneal fluid, in which case penicillin alone should suffice.

PMID- 3368286
TI  - Light versus tin?

PMID- 3368285
TI  - Megaloblastic anemia characterized by microcytosis: Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome
      with coexistent alpha-thalassemia.

PMID- 3368287
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Bioethics: Fetal therapy: ethical
      considerations.

PMID- 3368288
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Communications: Commercialization of
      children's television and its effect on imaginative play.

PMID- 3368289
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention: Rural
      injuries.

PMID- 3368291
TI  - Indian Health Service.

PMID- 3368290
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases: Treatment of
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3368292
TI  - Granulocyte transfusions.

PMID- 3368294
TI  - [Evaluation of lymphography in 170 patients with carcinoma of the uterine
      cervix].

PMID- 3368293
TI  - [CT of the brain in acute carbon monoxide poisoning].

PMID- 3368295
TI  - [Combined treatment of radiotherapy and local hyperthermia using 8 MHz RF-wave
      for advanced carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 3368296
TI  - [Multi-institutional study on an analysis of 2-year survivors with esophageal
      cancer following radiation therapy].

PMID- 3368297
TI  - [Low dose rate teletherapy as boost therapy (2). Its problems].

PMID- 3368299
TI  - Preparing nurses for using information systems: recommended informatics
      competencies.

PMID- 3368298
TI  - In-111 labeled leukocyte imaging: analysis of abdominal uptake.

PMID- 3368300
TI  - The systems nurse's role in designing and implementing information systems for
      better patient care.

PMID- 3368301
TI  - Computer technology and nursing management: the need for education.

PMID- 3368302
TI  - Computer education for nurses: curriculum issues and guidelines.

PMID- 3368303
TI  - Nursing informatics competencies for nurse educators and researchers.

PMID- 3368304
TI  - Developing and evaluating a computer-based learning center.

PMID- 3368305
TI  - Enhancing computer knowledge in basic and continuing nursing educational
      programs.

PMID- 3368306
TI  - Nursing informatics: defining the boundaries.

PMID- 3368307
TI  - Preparing nurses for the development and implementation of information systems.

PMID- 3368308
TI  - Nursing's participation in computer-assisted health care policy analysis.

PMID- 3368309
TI  - Entrepreneuring: a nurse's guide to starting a business.

PMID- 3368310
TI  - Intermediates in plasmid pT181 DNA replication.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT181 is thought to replicate via an asymmetric
      rolling-circle mechanism. By studying pulse labeled replicative intermediates,
      here we report that pT181 replication involves: (1) a post-replicative
      hypersupercoiled monomer and (2) a partially replicated intermediate which lacks
      superhelicity but is unlike a typical rolling-circle intermediate in that only
      nascent strands of less than unit length are released by alkali denaturation. A
      model for pT181 replication is proposed to accommodate this apparent discrepancy.

PMID- 3368311
TI  - Purification, immunological and biochemical characterization of Ap4A binding
      protein from Xenopus laevis oocytes.
AB  - Diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) binding protein specifically
      binds Ap4A. The protein has been purified from Xenopus laevis oocytes and
      presents an estimated molecular weight of 100,000 by gel filtration. In the first
      stages of the purification, the Ap4A binding activity is found associated to DNA
      polymerase alpha-DNA primase, forming heterogeneous high molecular weight
      complexes. A monoclonal antibody has been prepared against the purified Ap4A
      binding protein. The antibody partially neutralizes the Ap4A binding activity.
      Using the immunoblot technique, it has been shown that the antibody is able to
      recognize either native or SDS-denatured Ap4A binding protein. The monoclonal
      antibody immunoreacted with a polypeptide of 90,000 which coincides with the
      molecular weight obtained by gel chromatography and indicates that the native
      Ap4A binding protein from Xenopus oocytes is probably a monomeric protein.

PMID- 3368312
TI  - Initiator role of double stranded DNA in terminal transferase catalyzed
      polymerization reactions.
AB  - Binding of the 58 kDa monomer and 44 kDa alpha beta dimer forms of terminal
      deoxynucleotidyl transferase to double stranded DNA was demonstrated by gel
      retardation and tryptophan fluorescence quenching. The dissociation constants and
      cooperativity parameters were similar to those that have been determined for
      binding of these two forms of terminal transferase to single stranded DNA.
      However, the double stranded DNA binding site size of 10 nucleotides was half the
      size expected. The efficacy of blunt ended DNA as an initiator in the
      polymerization reaction catalyzed by terminal transferase was demonstrated by
      radiometric assays and product analyses on agarose gels. The initial reaction
      kinetics indicated that dGTP but not dATP was added efficiently to a blunt double
      stranded DNA 3' end. These results are correlated with current models for in vivo
      terminal transferase function.

PMID- 3368313
TI  - Extra thymidine stacks into the d(CTGGTGCGG).d(CCGCCCAG) duplex. An NMR and model
      building study.
AB  - NMR and model-building studies were carried out on the duplex
      d(CTGGTGCGG).d(CCGCCCAG), referred to as (9+8)-mer, which contains an unpaired
      thymidine residue. Resonances of the base and of several sugar protons of the
      (9+8)-mer were assigned by means of a NOESY experiment. Interresidue NOEs between
      dG(4) and dT(5) as well as between dT(5) and dG(6) provided evidence that the
      extra dT is stacked into the duplex. Thermodynamic analysis of the chemical shift
      vs temperature profiles yielded an average TmD value of 334 K and delta HD of 
      289 kJmol-1 for the duplex in equilibrium random-coil transition. The shapes of
      the shift profiles as well as the thermodynamic parameters obtained for the extra
      dT residue and its neighbours again indicate that the unpaired dT base is
      incorporated inside an otherwise intact duplex. This conclusion is further
      supported by (a) the observation of an imino-proton resonance of the unpaired dT;
      (b) the relatively small dispersion in 31P chemical shifts (approximately 0.5
      ppm) for the (9+8)-mer, which indicates the absence of t/g or g/t combinations
      for the phosphate diester torsion angles alpha/zeta. An energy-minimized model of
      the (9+8)-mer, which fits the present collection of experimental data, is
      presented.

PMID- 3368314
TI  - Solid phase DNA sequencing using the biotin-avidin system.
AB  - A novel method for solid-phase DNA sequencing is described. A plasmid vector,
      pRIT27, has been designed to allow directional immobilization of double stranded
      plasmid to avidin agarose. The strategy involves enzymatic incorporation of 11
      bio-dUTP into the plasmid and strand specific elution using alkali. The
      immobilized single stranded DNA is used as template for sequencing reactions and
      the resulting labelled oligonucleotides are eluted by alkali. The affinity gel
      containing the immobilized template is consecutively used for the four different
      dideoxy-nucleotide reactions. The solid-phase technique can be used for both
      primer specific or extension specific labelling. The possibility to use the
      system in automated DNA sequencing is discussed.

PMID- 3368315
TI  - Energetics and stereochemistry of DNA complexation with the antitumor AT specific
      intercalators tilorone and m-AMSA.
AB  - Computations by the SIBFA method on the intercalative interaction energies of
      tilorone and m-AMSA with B-DNA representative oligonucleotides account for the
      specificity of these antitumor drugs for AT sites and minor groove intercalation.
      In tilorone this specificity is due to the strong preference of the side chains
      for the minor groove, which overcomes the preference of the chromophore for a GC
      intercalation site. In m-AMSA the specificity is due to the combined preference
      of both the chromophore and the anilino side chain for AT intercalation site and
      minor groove, respectively. o-AMSA is shown to manifest a similar (although
      significantly less pronounced specificity) as m-AMSA but a higher affinity for
      DNA. A comparison of the energetics and stereochemistry of intercalative binding
      to DNA of m-AMSA (AT minor groove specific) and 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide (GC
      major groove specific), which possess the same chromophore and differ only by the
      nature and position of the side chains, shows the possibility of important
      variations in the intercalative behaviour of chromophoric drugs as a function of
      the substituent groups attached to them.

PMID- 3368316
TI  - Cloning and characterization of a gene from Rhizobium melilotii 2011 coding for
      ribosomal protein S1.
AB  - A 7 kb chromosomal DNA fragment from R. melilotii was cloned, which complemented
      temperature-sensitivity of an E. coli amber mutant in rpsA, the gene for
      ribosomal protein S1 (ES1). From complementation and maxicell analysis a 58 kd
      protein was identified as the homolog of protein S1 (RS1). DNA sequence analysis
      of the R. melilotii rpsA gene identified a protein of 568 amino acids, which
      showed 47% identical amino acid homology to protein S1 from E. coli. The RS1
      protein lacked the two Cys residues which had been reported to play an important
      role for the function of ES1. Two repeats containing Shine-Dalgarno sequences
      were identified upstream of the structural gene. Binding studies with RNA
      polymerase from E. coli and Pseudomonas putida located one RNA-polymerase binding
      site close to the RS1 gene and another one several hundred basepairs upstream.
      One possible promoter was also identified by DNA sequence comparison with the
      corresponding E. coli promoter.

PMID- 3368317
TI  - Deoxycytidine methylation does not affect DNA.RNA hybrid formation or B-A
      transitions of (dG)n.(dC)n sequences.
AB  - Optical thermal denaturation and circular dichroism (CD) experiments were
      performed with the following non-selfcomplementary duplex DNA, RNA and DNA.RNA
      hybrids: (I) dGAG3C3G3CTC.dGAGC3G3C3TC, (II) dGAG3m5C3G3m5CTC.dGAGm5C3G3m5C3TC,
      (III) rGAG3C3G3CUC.rGAGC3G3C3UC, (IV) dGAG3C3G3CTC.rGAGC3G3C3UC, (V)
      rGAG3C3G3CUC.dGAGC3G3C3TC, (VI) dGAG3m5C3G3m5CTC.rGAGC3G3C3UC, (VII)
      rGAG3C3G3CUC.dGAGm5C3G3m5C3TC. Duplex stabilities (delta G degrees at 60 degrees
      C) increase in the order: I less than IV less than II = V = VI less than VII less
      than III. Large enthalpic stabilization is associated with intrastrand stacking
      of guanosine (rG) residues. CD spectroscopy indicates B-form conformations for
      the unmethylated and methylated DNA (I,II), A-form geometry for the RNA (III),
      and DNA.RNA hybrid (IV - VII) conformations resembling but not identical to A
      RNA. C5-methyldeoxycytidine does not significantly influence DNA conformation,
      DNA.RNA hybrid formation, or the ability of DNA to adopt an A-type conformation
      in trifluoroethanol solutions.

PMID- 3368319
TI  - Rat porphobilinogen deaminase cDNA: nucleotide sequence of the erythropoietic
      form.

PMID- 3368318
TI  - The replication proteins of plasmids pE194 and pLS1 have N-terminal homology.

PMID- 3368320
TI  - A DNA sequence from Saponaria officinalis is similar to various RNA polymerase
      genes.

PMID- 3368321
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the pregrowth hormone of red sea bream
      (Pagrus major).

PMID- 3368322
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the adult skeletal isoform of human skeletal
      muscle beta-tropomyosin.

PMID- 3368323
TI  - Rat hemoglobin interferes with DNA migration in agarose gels.

PMID- 3368324
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rRNA from Listonella (Vibrio) ordalii ATCC 33509
      and Listonella (Vibrio) tubiashii ATCC 19105.

PMID- 3368325
TI  - Revised primary structure of rabbit 18S ribosomal RNA.

PMID- 3368326
TI  - Sequence analysis of a 1.6kb repetitive element from a porcine isolate of
      Trichinella spiralis.

PMID- 3368327
TI  - Compilation of 5S rRNA and 5S rRNA gene sequences.
AB  - The BERLIN RNA DATABANK as of December 31, 1987, contains a total of 509
      sequences of 5S rRNAs or their genes, which is an increase of 45% over the last
      (1986) compilation (1). It covers sequences from 38 archaebacteria, 184
      eubacteria, 14 plastids, 4 mitochondria, 258 eukaryotes and 11 eukaryotic
      pseudogenes. The BERLIN RNA DATABANK uses the format of the EMBL Nucleotide
      Sequence Data Library complemented by a Sequence Alignment (SA) field including
      secondary structure information as presented in this publication. The BERLIN RNA
      DATABANK is available on 360 or 1200 kb diskettes.

PMID- 3368329
TI  - Codon usage tabulated from the GenBank Genetic Sequence Data.

PMID- 3368330
TI  - A comprehensive list of cloned human DNA sequences.
AB  - A list of DNA sequences cloned from the human genome is presented. Intended as a
      guide to clone availability, this list includes published reports of cDNA,
      genomic and synthetic clones comprising gene and pseudogene sequences,
      uncharacterised DNA segments and repetitive DNA elements.

PMID- 3368328
TI  - A compilation of large subunit RNA sequences presented in a structural format.

PMID- 3368331
TI  - [Dual-photon absorptiometry: a new method of determining bone mineral content. I.
      Basic principles].
AB  - Today dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) is recommended as the best procedure for
      diagnosing osteoporosis at an early stage considering its low cost, low radiation
      exposure and reasonable reliability. Cortical (neck of femur) and trabecular (L 2
      4) bone mass has been determined repeatedly with DPA using 153Gd (NOVO Lab 22 a)
      in 545 females and 112 males with no evidence of bone diseases. Measured "normal"
      (age- and sex-related average) values for bone mineral content (BMC) differed
      significantly (p less than 0.01) from those of US inhabitants determined by the
      same equipment, i.e., they were on average about 30% lower, but matched well with
      corresponding results from Belgium. BMC-area was found the most suitable
      parameter both for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, since it is
      independent of height and weight. But there is still need to reduce the overlap
      and improve accuracy and reproducibility for making decisions after shorter
      intervals. Assessment of the individual mineral loss and fracture risk by
      comparison with average values remains problematical due to the wide range of
      "normal" BMC values, and in women additionally due to the variable onset of
      menopause. For estimations of the individual fracture risk of elderly patients
      BMC should not be normalized on age, because at the age of 65 half of the women
      had "pathologic" values, i.e. were below the so-called "osteoporosis threshold".
      Comparison of the individually measured postmenopausal BMC with average values of
      premenopausal women and with BMC values normalized to their menopausal age may be
      helpful approaches to overcoming these difficulties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3368332
TI  - [Does bone metabolic activity determined scintigraphically correlate with calcium
      and phosphorus measurements by x-ray microanalysis?].
AB  - An animal experiment on bone healing of dental implants offered the opportunity
      of comparing scintigraphic images with histological findings, specially with
      electron microscope results and analysis of the calcium and phosphorus values in
      different stages. The clear correspondence between the scintigraphic results and
      the calcification level of the new bone parts must be seen with reservation
      because of possible methodical mistakes of the radio-micro-analysis from surfaces
      and of intraindividual differences.

PMID- 3368333
TI  - Highly sensitive determination of TSH in the follow-up of TSH-suppressive therapy
      of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.
AB  - Basal and TRH-stimulated TSH levels were determined in 72 patients with
      differentiated thyroid cancer on hormonal treatment, using a highly sensitive
      immunoradiometric assay (IRMAclon, Henning). 43 patients were under treatment
      with levothyroxine (T4), 29 patients with triiodothyronine (T3). In 33/43
      patients (77%) under T4- and in 18/29 patients (62%) under T3-treatment basal TSH
      levels were below 0.1 mU/l and levels stimulated with 200 micrograms TRH i.v.
      were below 0.5 mU/l. 3 patients showed a significant response (to above 0.5 mU/l)
      in the TRH test despite basal values of less than 0.1 mU/l. In 2 patients with
      elevated basal TSH levels (0.23 and 0.60 mU/l, resp.) in the IRMAclon, total
      suppression of TSH secretion was suggested by a failure of TSH to rise after TRH.
      By retesting these samples in an own TSH IRMA, basal and stimulated TSH values
      were below 0.1 mU/l. In conclusion, basal and TRH-stimulated TSH levels are well
      correlated in most patients with thyroid cancer under hormonal treatment.
      However, in some cases (5/72) determination of basal TSH could not clearly define
      the degree of thyrotropic suppression. Thus, TRH testing is still necessary to
      establish definitely complete TSH suppression in patients with thyroid carcinoma
      under suppressive treatment.

PMID- 3368334
TI  - [Significance of basal TSH and free T3 as compared with an extended in vitro
      diagnosis in the understanding of functional disorders of the thyroid].
AB  - Data of 411 untreated patients undergoing thyroid investigations were stored in a
      data base system. Three combinations of thyroidal hormone parameters were
      compared with respect to their clinical value. In patients with concordant basal
      TSH (bTSH) and free T3 (fT3)-values (e.g. bTSH normal and fT3 normal, bTSH
      decreased and fT3 increased) it could be demonstrated that the predictive value
      of the combined evaluation of basal TSH (supersensitive) and free T3 alone (97%
      in normal thyroid function, 98% in thyrotoxicosis, and 97% in hypothyroidism) was
      sufficient. Additional determinations of T4 parameters did not increase
      predictive value (e.g. TT4: 95% in thyrotoxicosis). Thus, thyroid disorders may
      currently be diagnosed by the combined evaluation of basal TSH and free T3,
      saving costs without loss of diagnostic efficacy.

PMID- 3368335
TI  - [Ulcer detection using 99m Tc-sucralfate].
AB  - Sucralfate is an agent commonly used in the therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.
      It binds itself to proteins in the ulcer crater. A selective labeling with pure
      99mTc-pertechnetate is possible. For an unequivocal ulcer localization or
      exclusion, images have to be taken in the upright and supine positions.
      Encouragement of gastric emptying is useful. Images should be taken at least
      twice, the last one 4 h after ingestion. The method might be used when endoscopy
      is difficult, incomplete or contraindicated, and for follow-up during therapy. We
      recommend it also in the search for the cause of intermittent bleeding.

PMID- 3368336
TI  - The distribution of radioiodine-labeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine in
      permanently ischemic brain of the Mongolian gerbil.
AB  - In a study of the distribution of N-isopropyl-p-131I-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in the
      permanently ischemic brain of 35 mongolian gerbils, the right common carotid
      artery was ligated under ether anesthesia. After given time intervals, 1.35 MBq
      (50 microCi) of IMP was injected into 17 gerbils which had severe neurological
      symptoms, and into 3 normal gerbils for controls. One minute there after each
      gerbil was sacrificed and brain autoradiography was performed. The activity of
      IMP in various parts of the brain was calculated from each autoradiogram. Low
      perfusion areas were observed in the right cerebral hemisphere and the brain stem
      (5-25% of normal value) from the first minute up to 24 h after ligation. In
      addition, low perfusion areas were also observed in the left cerebral hemisphere
      (40-60% of normal value) which represented a remote effect. These results suggest
      the usefulness of IMP for demonstrating cerebral ischemia and diaschisis.

PMID- 3368337
TI  - Localization of 99mTc-diphosphonates in newly formed bone matrix as a measure of
      bone lesion detectability.
AB  - The lesion-to-normal-bone ratios of DBA-MDP (dibutylamino-methylene
      diphosphonate), DPD (dicarboxypropane-diphosphonate) and MDP (methylene
      diphosphonate) each labeled with 99mTc, were evaluated in experimental bone
      lesions. In 3-day old lesions this ratio was increased twofold for DBA-MDP in
      comparison with MDP and DPD which showed nearly equal ratios. Later on these
      differences became negligibly small. It is concluded that 99mTc-DBA-MDP is fixed
      more strongly in the immature bone matrix and that this will lead to an
      improvement in the detectability of lesions containing larger amounts of immature
      bone matrix.

PMID- 3368338
TI  - The conundrum of relaxation times.
AB  - The current theories of proton relaxation times fall short of explaining
      satisfactorily the physical and biological mechanisms responsible for the
      dissimilarities of relaxation behavior in normal and pathological tissues. An
      alternative approach to understand these mechanisms is needed. This paper
      advances the possibility that the dissimilarities of relaxation behavior in
      normal and pathological tissues is due to the consumption of paramagnetic
      molecular O2 dissolved in cell-associated water.

PMID- 3368339
TI  - [Comparison of effort-ECG and radionuclide ventriculography in relation to the
      detection of myocardial ischemia in isolated stenoses of the anterior
      interventricular branch].
AB  - 21 patients with LAD-stenoses of at least 70% and 21 patients with LAD-stenoses
      and additional intramural anterior wall infarctions were studied. 20 patients
      without heart disease or after successful transluminal coronary angioplasty and
      18 patients with intramural anterior wall infarction after successful
      transluminal dilatation of the LAD (remaining stenosis maximal 30%) served as
      controls. The normal range of global and regional left ventricular ejection
      fraction response to exercise was defined based on the data of 25 further
      patients without relevant coronary heart disease. Thus, a decrease in global
      ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormalities were judged
      pathological. All patients were comparable with respect to age, ejection fraction
      at rest and work load. Myocardial ischemia could be detected by the exercise ECG
      in 81% of all patients without infarction and in 71% of patients with infarction.
      The corresponding values for global left ventricular ejection fraction were 76%
      and 81%, respectively, and for regional ejection fraction 95% in both groups. No
      false-positive exercise ECGs were observed in the healthy controls and 2 (11%) in
      the corresponding group with intramural infarction. The global ejection fraction
      was pathological in 1 (5%) healthy subject without infarction and in 3 (17%)
      corresponding patients with infarction. Sectorial analysis revealed 5 and 22%,
      respectively. Our findings suggest that the exercise ECG has a limited
      sensitivity to detect myocardial ischemia in patients with isolated LAD-stenoses
      and intramural myocardial infarction. Radionuclide ventriculography yields
      pathological values more often; however, false-positive results also occur more
      frequently.

PMID- 3368341
TI  - [3d annual meeting of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine. Aachen, 21-22 March
      1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3368340
TI  - [Comparison of 99m Tc-HMPAO-labeled leukocytes and 99m Tc-nanocolloid in
      osteomyelitis].
AB  - Six patients with proven or suspected osteomyelitis were studied with both 99mTc
      HMPAO-labelled leukocytes and 99mTc-nanocolloid. In all cases the findings of
      both procedures were in good agreement. In 3 patients there was markedly
      increased accumulation of labelled cells and colloid, respectively. Two patients
      showed slightly increased accumulation of both agents and in one patient the
      finding was (correctly) negative. Further studies are necessary to determine
      whether or not colloid scintigraphy might replace the time-consuming leukocyte
      scintigraphy.

PMID- 3368342
TI  - A case for doctoring nursing.

PMID- 3368343
TI  - An insult to LPNS.

PMID- 3368344
TI  - Why not a national library of nursing?

PMID- 3368345
TI  - Calculated risk: big payoff.

PMID- 3368346
TI  - Nursing's vision in a competitive environment.

PMID- 3368348
TI  - Advocacy in nursing.

PMID- 3368347
TI  - Medical students and nurses.

PMID- 3368349
TI  - Nursing diagnosis in print, 1950-1985.

PMID- 3368351
TI  - Returning to practice: a dilemma for nurse faculty.

PMID- 3368350
TI  - Predicting staff nurse turnover.

PMID- 3368352
TI  - Scientific conversation.

PMID- 3368353
TI  - Physical restraint of the hospitalized elderly: perceptions of patients and
      nurses.
AB  - Twenty elderly restrained patients and their primary nurses (N = 18) were studied
      to determine (a) the subjective impact of physical restraints on the patient and
      (b) the nurses' beliefs about use of restraints. Despite reported cognitive
      impairments, patients vividly described anger, discomfort, resistance, and fear
      in response to the experience of physical restraint. The decision to restrain
      posed a conflict between protection of the patient and beliefs about professional
      behavior for the nursing staff. Lack of interdisciplinary collaboration in
      decisions to use a physical restraint was also apparent. The findings suggest
      that the use of physical restraint is not a benign practice and support the need
      for developing alternatives more consistent with professional practice and
      quality care.

PMID- 3368354
TI  - Observer-rated functional assessments for institutionalized elders.
AB  - A content analysis was conducted of 320 units of observational data generated on
      40 randomly selected institutionalized and uncommunicative elders over a 5-day
      (220-hour) period. When existing observer-rated instruments were compared with
      observational data, using a six-dimensional theoretical framework, gaps in the
      existing instruments became apparent. Future research and development of
      functional assessments should include observer-rated criteria for health and well
      being for the affective dimension of functioning and criteria for determining
      mental judgment in uncommunicative elders.

PMID- 3368355
TI  - Transitions over the life cycle: a comparison of mothers and nonmothers.
AB  - Life histories of 50 mothers and 30 nonmothers, aged 60 to 95, were analyzed to
      identify differences between the two groups in developmental transitions over the
      life cycle. The overall developmental trajectories during adulthood did not
      differ significantly. Mothers, however, reported a greater number of transitions,
      and 30% reported they were adults before age 15 in contrast to 3% of nonmothers.
      Nonmothers experienced a more stable career trajectory. Mothers were from larger
      families. Never-married nonmothers were an only child, only daughter, or oldest
      daughter. The effect of historical and marital status on achievement of integrity
      during later years is suggested as somewhat more influential than motherhood
      status.

PMID- 3368356
TI  - Type A behavior and cardiovascular responsivity in preschoolers.
AB  - Type A behavior was investigated in preschool children in relation to
      cardiovascular reactivity. One hundred forty-four children from 3 1/2 to 6 1/2
      years of age were categorized by their teachers according to the Matthews Youth
      Test for Health as Type A, Mixed, or Type B. The children's pulse, pulse rate
      variability, and blood pressure were then measured at rest and during a
      challenging situation. Analysis of covariance indicated that Type A children
      showed a significantly greater systolic rise to challenge than did Type B
      children, a finding similar to that of Type A adults, college students, and
      adolescents.

PMID- 3368357
TI  - Comparisons of rectal, femoral, axillary, and skin-to-mattress temperatures in
      stable neonates.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare four sites for temperature recording in
      the neonate: rectum, femoral, axilla, and skin-to-mattress. Simultaneous
      measurements were made at the four sites in 99 stable, term neonates.
      Temperatures were recorded each minute for 15 minutes. The optimal temperatures
      (highest temperature recorded minus 0.2 degrees F) did not vary across the four
      sites, but there were significant differences in the mean times required to
      achieve optimal temperature and in the optimal placement times (time required for
      90% of the subjects to reach optimal temperature). The rectal site required
      significantly less time than the other sites (M = 2.66 minutes, optimal placement
      time = 5 minutes). The femoral and axillary sites required significantly more
      time than rectal and significantly less time than skin-to-mattress (M = 6
      minutes, optimal placement time = 11 minutes). The skin-to-mattress site required
      significantly more time than the other sites (M = 8.5 minutes, optimal placement
      time = 13 minutes).

PMID- 3368358
TI  - Circadian disruption and surgical recovery.
AB  - Circadian rhythms were investigated in rats following surgery, as measured by
      body temperature and locomotor activity, and postoperative recovery was measured
      by activity level. Eight randomly selected Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted
      with radio temperature-transmitters under general anesthesia. Timer-controlled
      cassette recorders recorded body temperature at predetermined intervals. To
      monitor activity, the rats were placed in individual metabolic cages equipped
      with infrared-sensitive locomotor activity monitors. Temperature was sampled
      hourly. Activity was measured continuously and summed every 15 minutes for
      sampling. Measurement was begun before surgery and continued from 12 to 20 days
      following surgery, depending on when the animals regained their typical rhythmic
      patterns. Temperature and activity rhythms were altered and uncoupled from
      external cues in a manner similar to that previously found in humans. The animals
      demonstrated individual variation in their return to presurgical activity levels.
      Six days after surgery, the rats experienced a second period of disrhythmic and
      decreased activity. Rats with the greatest activity phase-shifts took longest to
      return to presurgical activity levels. This suggests that the degree of circadian
      alteration following surgery is positively related to the time required for
      recovery and reentrainment of rhythmicity.

PMID- 3368359
TI  - A survey of doctorally prepared academic nurses on qualitative and quantitative
      research issues.
AB  - A nationwide mail survey of 400 doctorally prepared nurses in academia yielded
      251 usable questionnaires. Fifty-five percent had doctoral research preparation
      classifiable as primarily (or entirely) quantitative (Qn), 11% as qualitative
      (Ql), and 33% as combined qualitative-quantitative (Combined). Two separate
      scales assessed the nurses' positions on qualitative-quantitative issues. The Ql
      and Combined research preparation groups held significantly more favorable
      positions toward qualitative methodology than the Qn group. However, these
      differences did not indicate polarization on this issue. The Qn group also
      exhibited a favorable position on qualitative methods, though to a lesser degree.
      All three groups favored combined qualitative-quantitative doctoral research
      preparation as ideal and advocated increased coverage of qualitative research in
      nursing journals.

PMID- 3368360
TI  - Stress versus strain: a methodological critique.

PMID- 3368361
TI  - Is the Likert scale format culturally biased?

PMID- 3368362
TI  - Pragmatic aspects of establishing interrater reliability in research.
AB  - Establishing interrater reliability on instruments used in nursing research is
      essential for quality research. Six pragmatic aspects of the process of
      establishing interrater reliability are: understanding the theoretical
      perspective, familiarization with the research instrument, number of subjects,
      using a specific time frame, concern for interfering variables, and scoring and
      discussion after the observation session.

PMID- 3368363
TI  - Breaking the silence.

PMID- 3368364
TI  - Tested to the limit.

PMID- 3368365
TI  - City blues.

PMID- 3368367
TI  - Recruit and retain. Please put your son in the ward, Mrs Worthington.

PMID- 3368366
TI  - Time to put pen to paper.

PMID- 3368370
TI  - Carers. Working together.

PMID- 3368369
TI  - Why bother?

PMID- 3368368
TI  - A model for family care.

PMID- 3368371
TI  - Heparinisation of Hickman catheters.

PMID- 3368372
TI  - A level of independence.

PMID- 3368373
TI  - Keeping the fighting man fit. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3368374
TI  - Infant feeding. Best for baby.

PMID- 3368375
TI  - Assertiveness training. Number 7. Giving compliments and criticism.

PMID- 3368376
TI  - The forgotten addicts.

PMID- 3368377
TI  - Open sesame?

PMID- 3368378
TI  - The risk from within.

PMID- 3368379
TI  - Performing arts.

PMID- 3368381
TI  - NHS review. Anyone for 'monopoly'?

PMID- 3368380
TI  - NHS review. The last nail?

PMID- 3368383
TI  - What treatment does the NHS need: the case for funding; the case for a radical
      overhaul.

PMID- 3368382
TI  - NHS review. Toronto emergency.

PMID- 3368385
TI  - Helping hands. Beyond the walls.

PMID- 3368384
TI  - Helping hands. A prized independence.

PMID- 3368386
TI  - Nurses at risk: a guide to health & safety at work.

PMID- 3368388
TI  - Making sense of gastric lavage.

PMID- 3368387
TI  - Individualised family care.

PMID- 3368389
TI  - Recruit and retain. Mature response.

PMID- 3368390
TI  - Spotlight on children. Friends of the family.

PMID- 3368391
TI  - Assertiveness training. Number 8. Responding to feedback.

PMID- 3368392
TI  - The home as a setting for care. Clarifying the boundaries of practice.
AB  - This article has outlined the need for clarification of home care nursing
      practice to retain the elements essential to professional practice. Home care
      that is nursing focused, based on concepts of community health nursing, and
      client/family centered forms the core of professional home care nursing.
      Technical services that are provided in the home should be clearly delineated so
      that consumers, payors, and practitioners can determine the roles and functions
      of the various providers. Professional home care, practiced not just by nursing
      but by all licensed providers, is practice driven. The boundaries of practice are
      determined by professional standards with a basis in scientific theory and
      research. The foundation for this type of practice is strong and should continue
      to be practiced in the future. Technical house call services, on the other hand,
      are product driven, often with a zeal for the bottom line profits that does not
      take into account what is the best product for a specific patient situation or
      how well that product has been tested. There is definitely a need for both
      services in delivering health care to people in their homes. It is also hoped
      that both areas of service can work together to facilitate the management of
      patient and family needs. It is important, though, to fully define the type and
      substance of care that is provided in the home setting. Without this ongoing
      clarification, home care will continue to be fragmented and interpreted
      differently by everyone involved.

PMID- 3368394
TI  - High-technology and hospice home care. Strange bedfellows.
AB  - Technologic advances are changing hospice home care. A case study explores the
      clinical dilemmas and illustrates the educational and research agendas required
      to resolve them.

PMID- 3368393
TI  - Home care of patients with technically complex nursing needs. High-technology
      home care.
AB  - Patients with technically complex nursing needs are being discharged home from
      the hospital. Home care agencies striving to meet those needs have clinical,
      administrative, and educational concerns. Careful planning is the key to meeting
      these concerns.

PMID- 3368395
TI  - Preparation for professional practice. What do we need?
AB  - Home health care has been portrayed as a specialty that is overdue for
      acknowledgment and integration in courses, practicum, faculty preparation, and
      learning resource development on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. The
      growing numbers of master's programs announcing a home health care component are
      creating a diversity of preparation outcomes. The level of knowledge and breadth
      of perspective demanded by the clinician, manager, and administrator in home care
      is complex and requires concentrated program development on the master's level
      and a strong integration of content and practicum experience for undergraduate
      students. Education must know its product line and be sensitive to the persistent
      trends and demands of the consumers of its graduates. Agencies must communicate
      the need for adequate preparation to the educational setting. A collaborative
      approach in resolving the supply and demand cycle for nurses capable of operating
      in and directing the resources of agencies can result in enhanced client outcomes
      in the home health industry.

PMID- 3368396
TI  - Reshaping supervisory practice in home care.
AB  - Reshaping supervisory practice in home care is not an if but a when issue. We
      need the best wisdom in how to reshape the practice so that it builds on the
      experience of the individual and the agency. It is time to deliberately plan to
      change from the paper-shuffling tendency among supervisors toward supporting more
      people-oriented activity and to rediscover the pivotal role that supervisors have
      in keeping a community healthy, staff stimulated, and the agency solvent. Some
      summary points to consider in reshaping supervisory practice include: (1)
      redefine supervision to reflect what is desired, needed, and possible, (2)
      recognize the contribution from change theory and apply it, (3) recapture the
      commitment and philosophy of supervision from the past, (4) reward the supervisor
      commensurate with the scope of practice expected, (5) reverse selection of
      supervisors from preservers of territory to manager as idea entrepreneur, (6)
      respond to varying and dynamic models of supervisory practice, (7) recharge the
      supervisor through timely in-service programs, continuing education, and formal
      academic study, (8) require educational content and practice from colleges and
      universities that stimulate creative supervisory skills and improve job
      satisfaction, (9) respect the work of the supervisor and provide appropriate
      support to achieve success, (10) reconsider current supervisory models and expand
      opportunities for professional growth among staff, and (11) reshape the
      supervisory role from one of controller to facilitator and innovator.

PMID- 3368397
TI  - Documentation. If you haven't written it, you haven't done it.
AB  - Public health nurses reminisce about the days when writing about the care given
      was a small part of the workday. Third parties certainly were not as interested
      in what was documented then as they are today. Perhaps the state would admonish
      an agency about the fact that goals were missing in the charts, but no one talked
      about documentation being the key to reimbursement and agency survival. Needless
      to say, times have changed. Public health nurses are suffering these days because
      they are not only laboring to provide care to a group of patients who are older
      and sicker than they were in the past, but they are spending more hours each day
      writing about what they have seen and done. These nurses are haunted by the fear
      that they might omit a vital piece of information which would jeopardize both
      their licenses and reimbursement. New forms initiated by the federal government
      to improve screening for nonreimbursable care have been successful. They have
      helped to increase denials as well as the volume of paperwork necessary for
      writing up a Medicare case. Consequently, nurses are frustrated. Although they
      are writing more, the outcome is negative. Documentation is an essential part of
      care. It is a vehicle for communicating from one professional to another about
      the status and needs of the patient. In fact, the chart is often the only means
      to demonstrate that professional standards, state regulations, and the criteria
      for reimbursement were met. However, to the extent that charting significantly
      interferes with the amount of time nurses can spend with patients, it must be
      limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368398
TI  - Research in home care.
AB  - Past and present research in the home care setting predicts future trends. Home
      care research studies will continue to reflect social and economic issues of the
      future since research and researchers do not exist in a vacuum but are influenced
      by their era. Because of the generalized concern about economic stability and
      health care costs and the heightened interest in home care, investigations
      related to nursing interventions, client outcomes, and reimbursement will
      increase. As researchers search to identify long-term, positive client outcomes,
      the role of physical and psychosocial environmental factors will receive greater
      attention. Clients, too, do not exist in a vacuum but reflect the family and
      support systems which do, or do not, surround them. For home care research to
      serve as the scientific base for practice, continuing and increasing
      collaboration must occur between nursing service and education. More joint
      appointments or shared positions are likely as blending occurs in researchers'
      roles and nursing service staff assume more responsibility for research projects.
      The struggles involved with financial support of home care research will not
      cease. Home care researchers will continue to compete for funding with other
      nursing, health care, and research investigators. Specific strategies will
      enhance funding opportunities for home care nursing. These include: (1)
      increasing methodologic soundness, (2) increasing sophistication of studies and
      investigators, (3) publicizing findings and benefits of projects, and (4)
      developing a successful history of obtaining funding and conducting studies.
      Research in the home care setting will thrive if it attracts more and more nurses
      with scientific skills similar to those identified by Sir Medawar: "Among
      scientists are collectors, classifiers, and compulsive tidiers-up; many are
      detectives by temperament and many are explorers; some are artists and others
      artisans. There are poet-scientists and philosopher-scientists and even a few
      mystics."

PMID- 3368399
TI  - The role of official tax-supported agencies in home care. A personal perspective.
AB  - This article examines the role of the tax-supported, official public health
      agency and compares it with the private, nonprofit agency as both participate in
      making home health care available.

PMID- 3368400
TI  - The demise of free care. The Visiting Nurse Association of Chicago.
AB  - This article discusses the decision by the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of
      Chicago to severely limit uncompensated care as of May 1986. Pressured by
      increasing market forces, the VNA unsuccessfully struggled to maintain its
      historical mission of service to indigent clients. As VNAs throughout the entire
      U.S. face financial instability, public sector agencies must be funded to assume
      responsibility for the care of the medically indigent.

PMID- 3368401
TI  - Immunoglobulin-producing cells in human prostate.
AB  - Immunohistological techniques were used to investigate the presence of
      immunoglobulin-producing cells in human prostate. Surgical samples from 14
      patients with prostate hyperplasia were analyzed. Lymphoid infiltration was
      rarely seen and was in no way comparable with the classical structure of mucosae
      associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Plasma cells were observed in nine cases. They
      produced predominantly IgA and lambda chains, but noticeable numbers of IgM
      secreting cells were also seen. These cells were most numerous in patients with
      antecedents of infection or prostatitis. These data suggest that the local immune
      system of the prostate is in relation with the MALT, and can be colonized by MALT
      derived cells in response to bacterial stimuli.

PMID- 3368402
TI  - Growth of a spontaneous canine prostatic adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro:
      isolation and characterization of a neoplastic prostatic epithelial cell line,
      CPA 1.
AB  - Neoplastic epithelium derived from a spontaneous canine prostatic adenocarcinoma
      has been maintained and grown in cell culture and as xenografts in athymic mice.
      An epithelial cell line (CPA 1) has been isolated from primary cultures and has
      been partially characterized in vitro. The growth of this cell line was not
      modified by either androgens or estrogens, and high-affinity receptors for these
      steroids could not be demonstrated in these cells. Xenografts were serially
      transplantable, with growth being similar in both sexes. Receptors for androgens
      and estrogens could not be detected in homogenates of xenografts or primary
      tumor. The histological appearances of serially transplanted tumors, and of
      xenografts generated by inoculation of the cell line (CPA 1) and several cloned
      substrains, were very similar to that of the primary tumor and were judged to be
      well differentiated. The characteristics of this neoplastic cell type have been
      compared with those of normal prostatic epithelium.

PMID- 3368403
TI  - Transplantable human prostatic carcinoma (PC-82) in athymic nude mice. II. Tumor
      growth and androgen receptors.
AB  - Androgen receptor (AR) levels were measured in PC-82 tumor tissue grown in
      hormonally manipulated nude mice. In the nuclei of tumor tissue from intact male
      mice a relatively low concentration (mean 25 fmol/mg protein) of androgen
      receptors (ARn) was found, while no receptors for estrogens or progestins were
      detected. The total number of androgen receptors in the PC-82 tumor tissue
      (measured in the nuclei 1 h after injection of a single high dose of testosterone
      (T) was found to be 100 fmol/mg protein. The antiandrogen cyproterone acetate,
      administered in combination with the high dose of T, significantly lowered the
      amount of ARn in the tumor tissue. In the nuclei of tumor tissue from intact
      tumor-bearing male mice with T-containing Silastic implants, a 4-times higher
      amount of tightly associated AR was found. In addition, an increased growth rate
      of the tumor was observed following T implantation. This finding suggests that
      the increased growth rate of the PC-82 tumor is associated with a continuous
      occupancy of AR in the nuclei of the tumor tissue. Castration of tumor-bearing
      male mice, which arrests the growth of this tumor, did not affect the
      concentration of ARn in the tissue compared to that of tissue in the intact
      control situation. In addition, the total amount of AR measured after T injection
      was not affected by castration. Therefore, the availability of a sufficient and
      steady level of T in the plasma and consequently the duration of the presence of
      AR in the nucleus of the PC-82 tumor tissue, rather than the total concentration
      of AR, appear to be the limiting factors in the modulation of hormonal responses
      in this androgen target tissue.

PMID- 3368404
TI  - Transplantable human prostatic carcinoma (PC-82) in athymic nude mice. III.
      Effects of estrogens on the growth of the tumor tissue.
AB  - The transplantable human prostatic tumor model (PC-82) in nude mice was used to
      evaluate the indirect and possibly direct effects of estrogens on the growth of
      prostatic tumor tissue. High (pharmalogical) doses of plasma estradiol (E2) were
      achieved in tumor-bearing mice by using E2-containing Silastic implants of
      different lengths. In comparison with the situation in men, in mice much higher
      concentrations of circulating E2 (exceeding 3 nmol/liter) were necessary to
      attain (near)-castrate levels of plasma testosterone (T). Treatment of tumor
      bearing mice with a high dose of E2 resulted in tumor growth arrest and a
      subsequent decline of the tumor volume, which equals the effects of castration.
      No evidence was found that either of the two doses of E2 applied had any additive
      inhibitory effect on tumor growth when compared to castration alone. It was
      inferred from these findings that in the PC-82 tumor model, estrogens, rather
      than having a direct effect on the tumor tissue, mainly act indirectly by their
      suppressive effect on T secretion in the host animal. A different and unexpected
      result was obtained in castrated tumor-bearing mice treated with a combination of
      E2 and T. With both doses of E2 this type of treatment led to a smaller increase
      of the tumor volume compared with mice receiving T only, the result of the high
      dose being statistically significant. This antagonistic effect of the two
      steroids on the PC-82 tissue was paradoxically associated with a sharp increase
      of nuclear androgen receptor levels and a higher concentration of
      dihydrotestosterone in the tumor tissue. Plasma and tissue concentrations of T
      appeared to be unaltered. The present study of the PC-82 prostate tumor shows
      that only by careful monitoring of plasma steroid levels in tumor-bearing mice
      can conclusions about the effectiveness of hormonal treatment regimens, such as
      estrogen therapy, be drawn.

PMID- 3368405
TI  - Tamoxifen in advanced prostate cancer: an ECOG pilot study.
AB  - A group of 19 patients with advanced (Stage D) prostate cancer were treated with
      one of three dose levels of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, 10 mg (3 patients), 20
      mg (8 patients), or 30 mg (8 patients) daily. Five patients had received no prior
      systemic therapy. The treatment was tolerated well, but no objective responses
      occurred.

PMID- 3368407
TI  - Technique tied or cognitively qualified.

PMID- 3368406
TI  - A case-control study of prostatic cancer with reference to dietary habits.
AB  - A case-control study of prostatic cancer which consisted of 100 patients with
      prostatic cancer, matched for hospital, age (+/- 3 yr) and hospital admission
      date (+/- 3 months) to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and
      hospital controls, was conducted from 1981 to 1984. Low daily intake of beta
      carotene (RR = 2.13: 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.77) and of vitamin A (RR =
      1.94: 1.10-3.43), as compared to the intake of those substances by BPH controls,
      were factors significantly correlated with the development of prostatic cancer.
      Low daily intake of beta-carotene (RR = 2.13: 1.20-3.77), as compared with
      hospital controls, were significantly correlated with prostatic cancer
      development. Infrequent intake of bread (RR = 2.40: 1.31-4.38), intended to
      represent a westernized diet, and of spinach (RR = 1.96: 1.01-7.73), a typical
      green and yellow vegetable, as compared to BPH controls and infrequent intake of
      spinach (RR = 4.55: 1.82-11.11) as compared to by hospital controls, were
      significant risk factors for prostatic cancer. Intake of carbohydrates, protein,
      fat, total calories, fibers, vitamin B and vitamin C were not correlated with the
      development of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3368408
TI  - Acetabular development in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
AB  - The normal development of the proximal femur epiphysis and the acetabulum of 50
      children with unilateral Perthes disease were analyzed on the unaffected side
      with serial x-rays using the epiphysis and the acetabular index. The same factors
      were studied on the affected side. A pathological process has been established in
      the affected hip. However, while these pathological processes run parallel up to
      9 to 10 years of age on the femur epiphysis and in the acetabulum, the elastic
      ability of the acetabulum ceases over 9 years of age. This smaller plastic
      ability is the probable cause of unfavorable results in older children.

PMID- 3368410
TI  - Bilateral congenital absence of the anterior cruciate ligament.

PMID- 3368409
TI  - A review of applications of MRI in soft tissue and bone tumors.
AB  - Due to excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capability, MRI is
      assuming a major role in recognition, staging, and treatment planning of soft
      tissue and bone tumors. Direct sagittal, coronal, and axial images permit
      assessment of intraosseous and extraosseous extension of tumors and their
      relationship to the joints and neurovascular structures, and detection of "skip"
      lesions. MRI allows improved detection of recurrent tumors in the presence of non
      ferromagnetic metallic implants as compared to CT. In the evaluation of soft
      tissue tumors, MRI is more sensitive than CT and allows differentiation among
      fat, muscle, tendon, bone, and vascular structures based on signal
      characteristics. Over a period of 18 months, 100 soft tissue masses and bone
      tumors were evaluated using MRI. Spin echo sequences with T1 and T2 weighted
      images were most valuable in differentiating normal and abnormal tissues.
      Calculated comparative measurements of relaxation times showed no reliable
      difference between benign and malignant tumors.

PMID- 3368411
TI  - Salvage of infected or failed below-knee amputations with total contact casting
      and continued weight bearing.
AB  - Ten patients with infected or apparently failing below-knee amputations were
      treated with total contact casting and continued weight bearing ambulation with a
      commercially available temporary prosthesis. Amputation was performed for
      peripheral vascular insufficiency in all patients. Seven of the patients were
      diabetic, five being insulin dependent. All ten were treated as outpatients and
      proceeded to heal their wounds and continued to function as independent community
      ambulators during treatment. None of the patients required surgical revision and
      each was successfully fit with a permanent below-knee prosthesis.

PMID- 3368412
TI  - Tissue reaction to implant corrosion in 38 internal fixation devices.
AB  - The corrosion characteristics, metallurgical properties, and clinical performance
      of 38 retrieved internal fixation devices were correlated with the tissue
      reaction to these devices. Metallurgical parameters included thin and heavy
      inclusion content, Rockwell hardness, and grain size. The excised fibrous tissue
      strip was directly overlying each plate at removal and sectioned between screw
      hole sites. The material studied from the 38 plates consisted of 201 screw-hole
      junctions with associated tissue biopsy sites. Clinical histories were obtained
      on all 38 patients with hardware removal. The average age at the time of plate
      insertion was 35.6 years (range, 4 to 75 years). Insertion diagnoses included
      acute trauma (35 patients), joint dislocations (two patients), and fracture
      nonunion (one patient). The devices included seven upper extremity bone plates,
      19 lower extremity bone plates, and 12 hip screw plates. The devices remained in
      situ an average of 20.4 months (range, 3 to 60 months). Routine asymptomatic
      removals were performed on 17 of the patients, while the remaining 21 patients
      were symptomatic at the time of removal. Included in the reasons for symptomatic
      removal were pain associated with the implant (eight patients), nonunion (four
      patients), bursae prominence (three patients), and implant breakage (two
      patients). Significant correlations were found between average tissue reaction
      scores and average crevice corrosion scores; a trend of increasing average tissue
      reaction scores with increasing average screw surface corrosion scores also was
      observed for the 38 devices, although this relationship was not significant.
      Average crevice corrosion scores and average screw surface corrosion scores were
      highly correlated for all removals, and for the asymptomatic and symptomatic
      removal groups. The metallurgical parameters of thin inclusion content and heavy
      inclusion content also were significantly correlated for all removals, as well as
      for symptomatic removals. Similarly, significant correlations were found between
      the individual tissue reaction scores and crevice corrosion scores from the 201
      individual sites, again for all devices and for the asymptomatic and symptomatic
      removal groups. Tissue reaction scores and time in situ showed significant
      correlation, with tissue reaction decreasing over time. Crevice corrosion and
      screw surface corrosion scores were not significantly related to time in situ.
      The results of this study indicate that there is considerable tissue reaction to
      the corrosion products of this material.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3368413
TI  - A chronically dislocating prosthetic patella. A case report.
AB  - A 63-year-old white woman was evaluated for a chronically dislocating right
      patella 6 months following total knee arthroplasty. At the time of our initial
      evaluation, her knee would not extend beyond 35 degrees and her patella was
      dislocated and irreducible. At arthrotomy, when the patella was everted, the
      patellar component was oriented with the facet ridge rotated 90 degrees to the
      trochlear groove of the femoral component. The patellar template guide indicated
      that the fixation pegs had been drilled properly, and thus, the patellar
      component had been assembled improperly during manufacturing. After dome-type
      patellar prosthesis replacement and proximal and distal extensor realignments
      were performed, 2 months post-revision the patient had a range of motion from 5
      degrees to 95 degrees and ambulated with no patellar instability or pain.

PMID- 3368414
TI  - Enterobacter agglomerans osteomyelitis of the hand from a rose thorn. A case
      report.

PMID- 3368415
TI  - Fracture of the iliac crest following bone grafting. A case report.

PMID- 3368417
TI  - Recurrent stress incontinence. Causes and treatment in the female patient.
AB  - Recurrent urinary incontinence after surgery requires complete evaluation,
      including urodynamic testing, to make an accurate diagnosis. Documented genuine
      stress incontinence, if mild to moderate, may respond to nonsurgical treatment,
      but more severe cases require surgery. Numerous effective surgical procedures
      have been developed.

PMID- 3368416
TI  - Answer please. Disk space calcification.

PMID- 3368418
TI  - Male urinary incontinence. What do you do?
AB  - Urinary incontinence is a common ailment in men. Treatment, although readily
      available, is often overlooked. An understanding of the anatomy and physiology of
      the continence mechanism aids in proper diagnostic evaluation. Determination of
      the cause involves a complete history and physical examination, urodynamic
      studies, and radiologic tests. Treatment of incontinence is based on the specific
      cause. In general, conservative management with pharmacologic manipulation is the
      primary form of treatment. Surgical intervention, when indicated, offers a high
      success rate, particularly since the advent of the artificial urinary sphincter.

PMID- 3368419
TI  - Cervical spine injury. Stabilization and management.
AB  - The results of a spinal cord injury may be irreversible, or many months of
      rehabilitation may be required to restore a meaningful, functional lifestyle to
      the patient. Complications of the injury are numerous, and the financial burden
      of treatment can be overwhelming. The incidence of debilitating injury has
      decreased, however, since the advent of intensive education on emergency
      treatment and preventive methods. With continuing research, aggressive medical
      care, and innovative surgical methods, the prognosis for these patients, once
      dismal and devastating, may be greatly improved.

PMID- 3368420
TI  - Head trauma in the elderly.
AB  - Head trauma in the elderly is a major source of morbidity and mortality in this
      population. Prevention of the primary injury is ideal and requires that the
      primary care physician understands the neurosensory changes of aging. Failing
      prevention, rapid diagnosis and efficient management of the traumatized patient
      are of greatest concern. With the increasing life expectancy and improved overall
      healthcare in the United States, greater numbers of elderly patients will be seen
      for traumatic injuries. All physicians dealing with older patients would be wise
      to become familiar with the presentations, underlying causes, neurodiagnostic
      evaluation, and early management of head trauma in these patients.

PMID- 3368421
TI  - Treatment of shin splints.

PMID- 3368422
TI  - Food allergy and headache. Whom to evaluate and how to treat.
AB  - Clinical observations and studies support the role of food in causing migraine
      and sinus headache. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on a diet log, diet trial,
      and prospective food challenges as indicated. In most cases, patients with food
      provoked headache can obtain relief by avoiding a few selected, commonly eaten
      foods. Benefits of an avoidance diet include the need for fewer medications.

PMID- 3368423
TI  - Urinary incontinence. Introduction.

PMID- 3368424
TI  - Female urinary incontinence. Discerning the exact cause.

PMID- 3368426
TI  - [Physiology of the pleural cavity as a principle in understanding the
      pathogenesis of pleural effusion].

PMID- 3368425
TI  - Female urinary incontinence. Therapeutic approaches.
AB  - Urinary incontinence results from bladder or sphincter dysfunction. Bladder
      related incontinence due to a reduced-capacity, unstable, or noncompliant bladder
      can often be remedied by augmentation techniques. For anatomic incontinence,
      excellent results are achieved with use of any of the retropubic or transvaginal
      suspension techniques that restore the bladder neck and proximal urethra to a
      high, fixed retropubic position. However, when the urethral sphincter is
      intrinsically damaged, mere restoration of position will fail to cure the
      problem. Such damage warrants use of a compression procedure that increases
      urethral resistance, such as one of the many sling techniques, implantation of an
      artificial urinary sphincter, or periurethral Teflon injection.

PMID- 3368427
TI  - [Effect of airway instability and alveolar gas compression on bronchodilator
      induced changes in flow-volume curves and airway resistance].

PMID- 3368428
TI  - [Cystic fibrotic lung changes with aspergilloma in ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 3368429
TI  - [Controlled transthoracic biopsy of lung and mediastinal processes with a split
      needle].

PMID- 3368431
TI  - [Completion of implicit information by autistic, learning handicapped and normal
      children].

PMID- 3368430
TI  - [A rare intrapulmonary tumor--malignant schwannoma].

PMID- 3368432
TI  - [Autistic syndrome in a disorder of the fronto-limbic system: a case report].

PMID- 3368433
TI  - [Follow-up study of holding therapy--initial results in 85 children].

PMID- 3368434
TI  - [Spectral properties of cytochromes from Staphylococcus aureus].
AB  - Two cytochrome b with peaks at 554 and 558 nm and cytochrome a with alpha-peak at
      603 nm were found in intact cells and membranes of Staphylococcus aureus using
      low-temperature spectrophotometry and registration of second- and fourth-order
      finite difference spectra of cytochromes. Analysis of the cytochrome functioning
      in membranes isolated from the cells at the exponential and stationary growth
      phases revealed no difference in the set of these carriers. Analysis of
      cytochrome reduction with different substrates demonstrated identity of the
      cytochrome composition in the respiratory chain, reduced with NADH, lactate,
      alpha-glycerophosphate, malate and succinate. Cytochrome omicron with gamma-peak
      at 416 nm in the CO-spectra was found to be involved in oxidation of all the
      substrates tested both in intact cells and membranes of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3368435
TI  - Economic issues: a challenge to cardiovascular nurses.

PMID- 3368436
TI  - Infective endocarditis: nursing care and prevention.

PMID- 3368437
TI  - Elders' recovery from cardiac surgery.

PMID- 3368438
TI  - Nursing shortage: psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3368439
TI  - Further properties of random walks on diagrams (graphs) with and without cycles.
AB  - Three problems are considered. The first is the relation between ensemble
      averaged state probabilities in a random walk with absorption and time-averaged
      state probabilities in the corresponding closed diagram. The second problem is
      concerned with random walks on diagrams with cycles in which the cycle completion
      rates and probabilities may depend on the "remainder" after the previously
      completed cycle. The final topic is a study of cycle completions prior to
      absorption for diagrams that involve both cycles and absorption (e.g., a cycling
      enzyme that binds a dead-end inhibitor or poison in one of its states).

PMID- 3368440
TI  - Separation of positional isomers of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides by high
      performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.
AB  - High-performance anion-exchange (HPAE) chromatography under alkaline conditions
      (pH congruent to 13) has been found to efficiently separate neutral
      oligosaccharides (triose to undecaose) according to molecular size, sugar
      composition, and linkage of monosaccharide units. The method was able to resolve
      1----3, 1----4, and 1----6 positional isomers of neutral oligosaccharides, which
      are defined as having the same number, type, sequence, and anomeric
      configurations of monosaccharides but differing in the linkage position of a
      single sugar. From correlating structural features of different oligosaccharides
      and retention times, we deduced that at least two factors are operative to
      determine the superior resolution of oligosaccharides by this type of
      chromatography: (i) the relative acidities of the hydroxyl groups and (ii) the
      accessibility of oxyanions of the oligosaccharides to the functional groups of
      the stationary phase. Splitting of peaks attributable to mutarotation was not
      observed. Reducing oligosaccharides were much more retained than their reduced
      counterparts. Linkage of Fuc(alpha 1-3) to GlcNAc of oligosaccharides markedly
      decreased retention times. Positional isomers of two branched monosaccharides,
      which differed by 1----6 and 1----4 linkages, were widely separated. The
      separation of 1----3 and 1----4 positional isomers of both tetrasaccharides and
      glycopeptides containing undecasaccharides demonstrated the significant
      improvement in resolution of HPAE compared to previous chromatographic methods by
      either reverse-phase or amine-bonded stationary phases. Picomole quantities of
      underivatized oligosaccharides have been detected by triple-pulse amperometric
      detection, which produced similar responses for a wide range of structures.
      Quantification of two triantennary glycopeptides from bovine fetuin by using
      either detector response or 1H NMR was comparable. The N-glycanase-catalyzed
      release of two 1----4 and 1----3 positional isomers of an undecasaccharide from a
      tryptic glycopeptide of bovine fetuin could be observed and quantified by direct
      injection of the enzyme mixture into the chromatograph.

PMID- 3368441
TI  - Identification of an inducible factor that binds to a positive regulatory element
      of the human beta-interferon gene.
AB  - Human beta-interferon gene expression is induced by virus or poly(I).poly(C).
      This induction is due at least in part to an increase in the rate of
      transcription and does not require protein synthesis. A 40-base-pair DNA sequence
      within the beta-interferon promoter, termed the interferon gene regulatory
      element (IRE), is an inducible enhancer in mouse fibroblasts, and both positive
      and negative regulatory DNA sequences have been identified within this element.
      In this paper we identify three factors that bind specifically to two positive
      regulatory domains within the IRE. Two of these factors are present in nuclear
      extracts prepared from uninduced and induced cells; one is present only in
      extracts from induced cells. The functional significance of these binding
      activities was demonstrated by showing that point mutations within the IRE that
      decrease human beta-interferon gene transcription in vivo prevent binding in
      vitro. We propose that induction of the beta-interferon gene involves the
      modification of a protein to a form that binds specifically to a positive
      regulatory sequence within the IRE.

PMID- 3368442
TI  - Primary structure and unique expression of the 22-kilodalton light chain of human
      neutrophil cytochrome b.
AB  - Cytochrome b comprising 91-kDa and 22-kDa subunits is a critical component of the
      membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. This important
      microbicidal system is impaired in inherited disorders known as chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD). Previously we determined the sequence of the larger
      subunit from the cDNA of the CGD gene, the X chromosome locus affected in "X
      linked" CGD. To complete the primary structure of the cytochrome b and to assess
      expression of the smaller subunit, we isolated cDNA clones for the 22-kDa
      polypeptide by immunoscreening and confirmed their authenticity by direct N
      terminal protein sequencing. Although the deduced amino acid sequence of the 22
      kDa subunit is not overtly similar to other known cytochromes, we observed a 31
      amino acid stretch of 39% identity with polypeptide I of mitochondrial cytochrome
      c oxidase centered on a potential heme-coordinating histidine. Similarities in
      the hydropathy profiles and spacing of histidines of the 22-kDa protein and
      myoglobin suggest structural motifs in common with other heme-containing proteins
      that are not readily revealed by primary amino acid sequences. Although RNA for
      the larger subunit has been found only in cells of the phagocytic lineage, stable
      RNA encoding the 22-kDa subunit was observed in all cell types. However, the
      stable 22-kDa protein was detected only in phagocytic cells that were expressing
      the larger subunit RNA. This observation suggests that the large subunit may play
      a role in regulating the assembly of the heterodimeric cytochrome b.

PMID- 3368443
TI  - Roles of a 67-kDa polypeptide in reversal of protein synthesis inhibition in heme
      deficient reticulocyte lysate.
AB  - During heme deficiency in reticulocyte lysates, the heme-regulated protein
      synthesis inhibitor, HRI, phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic
      initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and thus inhibits protein synthesis. Two factors, eIF
      2 and a reticulocyte-lysate supernatant factor that we term RF, reverse this
      inhibition. We now report the following. (i) An active eIF-2 preparation
      contained, in addition to the three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma), a 67-kDa
      polypeptide. Pretreatment of eIF-2 with polyclonal antibodies against either
      isolated alpha subunit or 67-kDa polypeptide almost completely inhibited the
      reversal activity. Upon further fractionation, three-subunit eIF-2 and the 67-kDa
      polypeptide were resolved. Neither the three-subunit eIF-2 nor the 67-kDa
      polypeptide alone was active in protein synthesis inhibition reversal. The
      activity was, however, restored by combining both the three-subunit eIF-2 and the
      67-kDa polypeptide. (ii) Active RF preparations contained eIF-2 alpha
      (unphosphorylated) and beta subunits and the 67-kDa polypeptide. As with eIF-2,
      prior treatment of the RF preparation with antibodies to either the alpha subunit
      or the 67-kDa polypeptide almost completely inhibited the reversal activity. The
      RF preparation devoid of eIF-2 gamma subunit did not form ternary complex (Met
      tRNA(fMet).eIF-2.GTP). The eIF-2 gamma subunit in the free form was isolated, and
      addition of this isolated gamma subunit to RF promoted significant ternary
      complex formation. (iii) Purified HRI efficiently phosphorylated the alpha
      subunit in the three subunit eIF-2. However, the extent of such phosphorylation
      was significantly reduced when eIF-2 containing the 67-kDa polypeptide was used.
      The 67-kDa polypeptide apparently protected eIF-2 alpha subunit from HRI
      catalyzed phosphorylation but did not inhibit HRI activity. Based on these
      results, we suggest that the protein synthesis inhibition reversal activity in
      both eIF-2 and RF is due to the same components--namely, eIF-2 alpha subunit and
      the 67-kDa polypeptide. The 67-kDa polypeptide protects eIF-2 alpha subunit from
      HRI-catalyzed phosphorylation and may also be a necessary component of the
      functioning eIF-2 molecule.

PMID- 3368444
TI  - Immunodetection of estrogen receptor in epithelial and stromal tissues of
      neonatal mouse uterus.
AB  - The tissue distribution and levels of estrogen receptor in neonatal mouse uterine
      tissue were determined in epithelial and stromal fractions separated by mild
      enzymatic treatment. Proteins of the isolated fractions were separated by gel
      electrophoresis and receptor was detected on immunoblots with monoclonal antibody
      H-222. Estrogen receptor protein was detectable in samples of reproductive tract
      tissue from 5- and 10-day-old mice. The level of receptor in 5-day-old animals
      was lower per unit DNA in epithelial cells than in stroma. Receptor levels were
      increased in both tissue types after treatment with diethylstilbestrol, but not
      with progesterone. Receptor protein present in these neonatal tissues was able to
      bind steroid as evidenced by affinity labeling with tamoxifen aziridine.
      Immunohistochemistry on sections of uteri from 4- and 10-day-old mice confirmed
      the biochemical results and indicated lower nuclear straining in epithelial cells
      than in stromal cells of uteri of 4-day-old mice. These results demonstrated that
      estrogen receptor protein is present in both epithelium and stroma of the
      neonatal mouse uterus, but at a higher level in stromal cells.

PMID- 3368446
TI  - Cold denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease.
AB  - Denaturation of staphylococcal nuclease was studied in a temperature range from 
      7 to 70 degrees C by scanning microcalorimetry and spectropolarimetry. It was
      found that the native protein is maximally stable at about 20 degrees C and is
      denatured upon heating and cooling from this temperature. The heat and cold
      denaturation processes are approximated rather well by a two-state transition
      showing that the molecule is composed of a single cooperative system. The main
      difference between these two processes is in the sign of the enthalpy and entropy
      of denaturation: whereas the heat denaturation proceeds with increases in the
      enthalpy and entropy, the cold denaturation proceeds with decreases in both
      quantities. The inversion of the enthalpy sign occurs at about 15 degrees C in an
      acetate buffer, but this temperature can be raised by addition of urea to the
      solvent.

PMID- 3368445
TI  - Structural principles of parallel beta-barrels in proteins.
AB  - Eight-stranded beta-sheets in nine protein structures containing "TIM (triose
      phosphate isomerase) barrels" are shown to be fitted satisfactorily by
      hyperboloids, the generating lines of which pass through the beta-strands. Simple
      parameterizations of the hyperboloid model are then used to determine the
      constraints that govern key parameters, such as the number of strands in the
      barrel, and to rationalize the remarkable conservation of strand number, observed
      to be eight, in nearly all the known examples of parallel beta-barrels. It is
      shown that the requirement to exclude solvent from the barrel interior, while at
      the same time keeping an upper limit on strand twist and interstrand distance so
      as to foster extensive hydrogen bonding interactions within the sheet, imposes
      strong constraints on barrel geometry. A formal description of the relationships
      between beta-sheet twist, strand number, and barrel dimensions is given here. It
      could have important implications for studies of protein folding and design.

PMID- 3368447
TI  - Cardiolipin from ethanol-fed rats confers tolerance to ethanol in liver
      mitochondrial membranes.
AB  - In rats chronically consuming ethanol, the liver mitochondrial membranes develop
      resistance to the disordering effects of ethanol in vitro, so-called "membrane
      tolerance". To investigate the molecular basis of this tolerance in the inner
      mitochondrial membrane, multilamellar vesicles were produced by recombining the
      mitoplast phospholipids (quantitatively separated by preparative HPLC) from
      control and ethanol-fed animals in various combinations. The effect of in vitro
      ethanol on the physical properties of these vesicles was determined by electron
      spin resonance. Vesicles composed of all mitoplast phospholipids from control
      rats were disordered by 50-100 mM ethanol, whereas those made of the
      phospholipids from ethanol-fed animals were resistant. When phosphatidylcholine
      (46 mol %) or phosphatidylethanolamine (42 mol %) from ethanol-fed rats replaced
      the corresponding phospholipids of control rats, the vesicles were disordered by
      ethanol. By contrast, when as little as 2.5 mol % of cardiolipin (one-fourth the
      naturally occurring amount) from ethanol-fed rats replaced that phospholipid from
      control rats, vesicles were rendered entirely resistant to disordering by
      ethanol. The same amount of cardiolipin from ethanol-fed rats also conferred
      membrane tolerance to vesicles composed of bovine phospholipids, demonstrating
      that this effect is not restricted to rat mitoplast phospholipids. In vesicles
      composed of a single mitoplast-phospholipid class, only vesicles composed of
      cardiolipin from ethanol-fed rats resisted disordering. Phosphatidylinositol from
      liver microsomes of ethanol-fed rats also confers membrane tolerance and was the
      only microsomal phospholipid that formed tolerant vesicles. Thus, in livers of
      rats chronically fed ethanol, anionic phospholipids are selectively converted
      into potent promoters of membrane tolerance in both mitochondrial and microsomal
      membranes.

PMID- 3368448
TI  - Carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences of two variant forms of the gamma chain of
      human plasma fibrinogen.
AB  - The gamma chain of human fibrinogen has been shown to be heterogeneous; three
      forms of various sizes are normally present in plasma. To further characterize
      the two less prevalent elongated variants, we have purified the three forms of
      the gamma chain, isolated unique tryptic fragments, and sequenced the variant
      portions of each chain. The intermediate-sized form (gamma 55) has a sequence
      identical to the longest variant (gamma 57.5) from residue Val-408 to Pro-423,
      which is the C terminus of the gamma 55 chain. The gamma 57.5 chain extends an
      additional four amino acids. The C-terminal amino acid sequence and corresponding
      nucleotide sequence of the gamma 55 chain show marked similarity with an
      elongated gamma-chain variant of rat fibrinogen. In addition, a remarkable
      similarity in both amino acid and nucleotide sequence was noted between the human
      gamma 55 chain and the C-terminal extension in human and bovine A alpha chain of
      fibrinogen, which are encoded by the cDNA but are posttranslationally cleaved and
      are not found in plasma. The findings suggest an evolutionary conservation in the
      C-terminal amino acid sequence found in both the fibrinogen A alpha and gamma
      chains in several species.

PMID- 3368449
TI  - A Xenopus ribosomal protein S6 kinase has two apparent kinase domains that are
      each similar to distinct protein kinases.
AB  - We report the molecular cloning of cDNAs for S6 kinase II (S6KII) mRNAs present
      in Xenopus ovarian tissue. Two cDNAs were isolated by hybridization to
      oligonucleotide probes designed to encode tryptic peptides isolated from S6KII.
      The two cDNAs show 91% sequence similarity to each other. These two cDNAs predict
      proteins of 733 (S6KII alpha) and 629 (S6KII beta) amino acids that show 95%
      sequence similarity over the 629 amino acids where they are colinear. Amino acids
      44-733 of S6KII alpha were expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant
      protein was used to raise antiserum in rabbits. This antiserum reacted with
      authentic S6KII prepared from Xenopus eggs. This interaction was specifically
      blocked by the recombinant protein from E. coli. The sequences of S6KII alpha and
      -beta predict four tryptic peptides whose sequences are identical to four
      peptides isolated from a tryptic digest of S6KII. The S6KII proteins have a very
      unusual structure when compared with previously studied protein kinases. They
      contain two apparent kinase domains, each similar to distinct protein kinases.
      The amino-terminal 366 amino acids show high sequence similarity to the regions
      of protein kinase C, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and
      cGMP-dependent protein kinase that contain the sites for ATP binding and are
      believed to be the catalytic centers for phosphotransferase activity. The
      remainder of the S6 kinase molecule shows high sequence similarity to the ATP
      binding and presumed catalytic domain of the catalytic subunit of phosphorylase b
      kinase.

PMID- 3368450
TI  - The 28-kDa calbindin-D is a major calcium-binding protein in the basilar papilla
      of the chick.
AB  - In previous work we identified a basilar papilla protein (BPP23) that appears to
      be one of the most abundant soluble proteins in the basilar papilla of the chick
      cochlea. Here we report the purification of protein BPP23 from chick cochlea and
      the generation of a specific antiserum. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation
      experiments with this antiserum indicate that BPP23 is a calcium-binding protein
      very similar, if not identical, to avian calbindin, the 28-kDa vitamin D
      dependent calcium-binding protein. Although the basilar papilla contains both
      receptor hair cells and supporting cells, immunocytochemical studies by others
      have localized calbindin-like immunoreactivity to the hair cells in the rat
      auditory receptor epithelium. Our estimates of the abundance of protein BPP23,
      assuming exclusive localization within the hair cell, indicate a concentration of
      at least 1 mM. Avian calbindin has four high-affinity (Kd = 0.5 X 10(-6)) calcium
      binding sites. The presence of a specific calcium-binding activity at such high
      levels suggests an important function for cochlear calbindin (BPP23) in hair cell
      calcium homeostasis and auditory transduction.

PMID- 3368451
TI  - ATP-dependent association of nuclear proteins with isolated rat liver nuclei.
AB  - In vitro association of Xenopus nucleoplasmin and mammalian nonhistone
      chromosomal high mobility group 1 (HMG1) protein with nuclei isolated from rat
      liver was examined. Efficient association of nuclear proteins with isolated
      nuclei requires ATP, HCO3-, and Ca2+. Association occurred at 33 degrees C but
      not at 4 degrees C. ATP could be replaced by adenosine 5'-[alpha,beta
      methylene]triphosphate (pp[CH2]pA), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. pp[CH2]pA
      associated with nuclei at 33 degrees C and nucleoplasmin and HMG1 rapidly
      associated with the pp[CH2]pA-bound nuclei at 4 degrees C. Competition studies
      showed that these associations at both 33 degrees C and 4 degrees C were
      specific. More than 80% of the bindings of nuclear proteins to the nuclear
      surface were blocked by wheat germ agglutinin.

PMID- 3368452
TI  - Induction of vitellogenin in primary monolayer cultures of cockerel hepatocytes.
AB  - A primary monolayer culture system from cockerel hepatocytes was established. The
      cultures synthesize and secrete proteins that comigrate with authentic serum
      proteins on polyacrylamide gels and are found in the same relative abundance.
      Addition of estradiol increased the synthesis of apoprotein B, found in very low
      density lipoprotein, under all culture conditions. Vitellogenin synthesis could
      not be induced directly by estradiol. However, when serum was obtained from
      cockerels injected with estradiol 4 days before blood collection and included in
      the culture medium, the cultures secreted a protein identified immunologically as
      vitellogenin by affinity chromatography. Furthermore, addition of growth hormone
      or prolactin to cultured cockerel hepatocyte monolayers resulted in the synthesis
      and secretion of a polypeptide that comigrates with authentic vitellogenin on
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 3368453
TI  - Transfer of retinol from parenchymal to stellate cells in liver is mediated by
      retinol-binding protein.
AB  - Newly absorbed chylomicron remnant retinyl ester is endocytosed by parenchymal
      liver cells, and retinol is subsequently transferred to perisinusoidal stellate
      cells in liver. In the present study we have used several approaches to elucidate
      the mechanism for the paracrine transfer of retinol between liver parenchymal and
      stellate cells. In one series of experiments, chylomicrons labeled with
      [3H]retinyl palmitate or with retinyl [3H]palmitate were injected intravenously
      into rats. It was shown that the retinol as well as the palmitate moiety were
      initially taken up in parenchymal liver cells. However, only the retinol moiety
      was detected in stellate cells, indicating that the retinyl ester is hydrolyzed
      before retinol is transferred to stellate cells. It is well known that
      parenchymal liver cells secrete retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP),
      and we have recently found that stellate cells do have RBP receptors. Here we
      report that antibodies against RBP completely block the transfer of retinol from
      parenchymal to stellate cells. These findings indicate that following uptake of
      chylomicron remnant retinyl ester in parenchymal cells, the retinyl ester is
      hydrolyzed, and retinol secreted from parenchymal cells on RBP is taken up by
      stellate cells by means of RBP receptors.

PMID- 3368454
TI  - Positional variations in germinal cell growth in pigment-chimeric eyes of
      Xenopus: posterior half of the developing eye studied in genetic chimerae and in
      computer simulations.
AB  - Growth of germinal cells at different angular positions within the posterior
      portion of the embryonic frog eye has been examined by orthotopically
      transplanting small groups of germinal cells from pigmented (stage 30-38) donor
      embryos into albino (stage 28-36) hosts and then serially photographing the
      polyclonal-cell progeny domain (typically a black sector) in the pigmented
      retinal epithelium of the living, growing eye. Far-ventral (6 o'clock) germinal
      cells formed a narrow sector along the ventral fissure, but ventral germinal
      cells at a position just posterior to the fissure (7 o'clock on a right eye) were
      seen to expand rapidly their angular territory on the germinal zone and formed
      huge sectors that widened toward the front of the older larval eye. Posterior (8,
      9, and 10 o'clock) germinal cells were seen to shift their angular positions
      gradually toward dorsal and formed sectors that appeared to veer dorsalward
      nearing the front of the older eye. Dorsal (11 o'clock) germinal cells showed
      attenuative growth, forming sectors that narrowed approaching the front of the
      older eye. A simulation model of the growth dynamic was used to examine how
      expansive growth ventrally drives the positional variations in growth. When far
      ventral germinal cells were programmed to retain the 6 o'clock position and
      ventral (7 o'clock) germinal cells were programmed to divide symmetrically at a
      high probability to produce two daughter germinal cells, not only were the
      observed ventral chimeric patterns simulated, but also simulated were the
      attenuative growth of dorsal transplants and the dorsal displacement and veering
      seen in the growth of posterior transplants.

PMID- 3368455
TI  - Identification of two structural types of calcium-dependent adhesion molecules in
      the chicken embryo.
AB  - By using an immunological and peptide mapping approach two calcium-dependent cell
      cell adhesion molecules (calCAMs) in the embryonic chicken are compared. A third
      closely related molecule is identified and compared to the two calCAMs. One of
      the calCAMs appears to be identical to the previously identified adhesion
      molecule N-cadherin, originally identified in chicken retina and localized to
      neural tissues. The second is the same as L-CAM, originally identified in chicken
      liver but localized to a variety of epithelial tissues. The third, also found in
      liver, is similar to L-CAM but is much closer in structure to N-cadherin. It is,
      however, immunologically distinct from N-cadherin. We therefore refer to this
      newly identified molecule as CRM-L for cadherin-related molecule in liver. CRM-L,
      N-cadherin, and L-CAM are all cell-surface proteins with a similar stability to
      tryptic digestion in the presence of calcium. CRM-L has the same molecular mass
      and isoelectric point as N-cadherin but is distinct from L-CAM in these
      properties. Two-dimensional peptide maps of complete tryptic digests reveal that
      CRM-L shares 69% of its peptides with N-cadherin and 20% with L-CAM. On the basis
      of these data, we suggest that there are at least two distinguishable types of
      calCAMs in the chicken embryo: one represented by the closely related molecules N
      cadherin and CRM-L, and another represented by L-CAM.

PMID- 3368456
TI  - Partial phylogeny of the unicellular eukaryotes based on rapid sequencing of a
      portion of 28S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - Using a rapid rRNA sequencing technique, we have determined the sequence of the
      400 nucleotides located at the 5' end of the large subunit rRNA molecule from
      eight species of unicellular eukaryotes (protists). This region contains a pair
      of conservative domains well-suited for long-range phylogenetic evaluations among
      eukaryotes, due both to their substantia, length and to their intrinsic rate of
      sequence variation during evolution. It also comprises a central more rapidly
      evolving portion, which allows for a fine tuning of distance evaluation between
      closely related species. Molecular distances were computed between the aligned
      nucleotides of all presently available protist sequences and were used to derive
      a tentative dendrogram. Within the limitations inherent to this approach, a
      number of interesting observations emerge: The various protist groups appear to
      have separated very early from each other. The most deeply divergent protists
      belong to a number of orders of flagellates (mastigotes), suggesting a very
      ancient origin for organelles containing a 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement.
      Ciliates emerged late among eukaryotes, suggesting that their peculiar genetic
      code was derived secondarily. Moreover, a dinoflagellate clusters with ciliates,
      thus making it likely that the unusual features of nuclear organization and
      mitosis of this group are not primitive but derived characters. Finally, within
      groups, taxonomic and evolutionary inferences appear to be feasible using this
      portion of the rRNA.

PMID- 3368457
TI  - Gene sharing by delta-crystallin and argininosuccinate lyase.
AB  - The lens structural protein delta-crystallin and the metabolic enzyme
      argininosuccinate lyase (ASL; L-argininosuccinate arginine-lyase, EC 4.3.2.1)
      have striking sequence similarity. We have demonstrated that duck delta
      crystallin has enormously high ASL activity, while chicken delta-crystallin has
      lower but significant activity. The lenses of these birds had much greater ASL
      activity than other tissues, suggesting that ASL is being expressed at unusually
      high levels as a structural component. In Southern blots of human genomic DNA,
      chicken delta 1-crystallin cDNA hybridized only to the human ASL gene; moreover,
      the two chicken delta-crystallin genes accounted for all the sequences in the
      chicken genome able to cross-hybridize with a human ASL cDNA, with preferential
      hybridization to the delta 2 gene. Correlations of enzymatic activity and recent
      data on mRNA levels in the chicken lens suggest that ASL activity depends on
      expression of the delta 2-crystallin gene. The data indicate that the same gene,
      at least in ducks, encodes two different functions, an enzyme (ASL) and a
      structural protein (delta-crystallin), although in chickens specialization and
      separation of functions may have occurred.

PMID- 3368458
TI  - Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding human liver glutamate
      dehydrogenase: evidence for a small gene family.
AB  - We have isolated a series of human liver cDNA clones encoding glutamate
      dehydrogenase. The cDNA-derived protein sequence specifies a single 558-amino
      acid long polypeptide including a cleavable signal sequence of 53 amino acids.
      Blotting analysis of RNA from human, monkey, and rabbit showed that glutamate
      dehydrogenase mRNA is present in various amounts in all tissues tested. Glutamate
      dehydrogenase mRNAs are of four sizes and are found in different ratios in
      different tissues; the predominant ones are approximately 3.5 and approximately
      2.9 kilobases. Blot hybridization of human genomic DNA to nonoverlapping cDNA
      fragments revealed multiple bands, many of which hybridize with two or more
      probes in a manner inconsistent with the existence of a single GLUD gene.
      Moreover, two separate 36-base synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the
      coding region hybridize to multiple genomic fragments, confirming the existence
      of more than one GLUD-related gene in human.

PMID- 3368459
TI  - Spectrum of spontaneous mutation at the APRT locus of Chinese hamster ovary
      cells: an analysis at the DNA sequence level.
AB  - The spectrum of spontaneous mutation of an endogenous mammalian cell gene has
      been determined at the DNA sequence level. Thirty independent spontaneous APRT-
      mutations were cloned and subsequently completely sequenced. Twenty-seven
      contained single base substitutions. Of these, 22 were G.C to A.T transitions,
      suggesting a major role for the deamination of cytosine in spontaneous
      mutagenesis of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The remaining mutants included a
      tandem double substitution, a -1 frameshift, and a 17-base-pair deletion flanked
      by a 2-base-pair direct repeat. Many of the independently recovered mutants were
      clustered at sites of multiple occurrence (hot spots). One site accounted for
      greater than 25% of all independently recovered events. Mutations were generally
      located within the coding sequence, although two mutations occurred within the
      consensus sequence for a 3' splice site.

PMID- 3368460
TI  - HLA class II allelic variation and susceptibility to pemphigus vulgaris.
AB  - The autoimmune dermatologic disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is associated with
      the HLA serotypes DR4 and DRw6. Susceptibility to PV could be conferred either by
      sequences shared between the DR4 and DRw6 haplotypes or by different sequences in
      these haplotypes. We have examined the distribution of DR and DQ beta-chain and
      DQ alpha-chain alleles in PV patients and in control subjects by hybridization
      with oligonucleotide probes and sequence analysis of in vitro amplified DNA.
      Ninety percent (34/38) of the DR4 haplotypes in patients contain a specific DR
      beta I sequence present in 36% (16 of 44) of DR4 controls (P = 0.001). This
      sequence is also found in DRw6 haplotypes. However, it is present in only 25% (6
      of 24) of DRw6 patients. The results of our analysis indicate that predisposition
      to PV is conferred by different sequences in DR4 and DRw6 haplotypes. The DR4
      susceptibility is highly associated with the Dw10 DR beta I allele, implicating
      the polymorphic residues in the third hypervariable region. The DRw6
      susceptibility is strongly associated with a rare DQ beta allele (DQB1.3). This
      allele differs from a common DQ beta allele (DQB1.1) only by a valine----aspartic
      acid substitution at position 57.

PMID- 3368461
TI  - Time for acquiring a new gene by duplication.
AB  - In view of the widespread occurrence of gene families in eukaryotic genomes that
      suggests the importance of gene duplication in evolution, a population genetic
      model incorporating unequal crossing-over was formulated. By using this model,
      the time needed for acquiring a new gene is investigated by an approximate
      analytical method and by computer simulations. The model assumes that natural
      selection favors those chromosomes with more beneficial genes than other
      chromosomes in the population, as well as random genetic drift, mutation, and
      unequal crossing-over. Starting from a single gene copy, it is found that the
      time for acquiring another gene with a new function is dependent on the rates of
      occurrence of unequal crossing-over and mutation. Within a realistic range of
      parameter values, the required time was at least several times 4N generations,
      where N is the effective population size. Interchromosomal unequal crossing-over
      at meiosis is more effective than intrachromosomal (between sister chromatids)
      unequal crossing-over for obtaining a new gene, provided that other parameters
      are the same. However, the genetic load for acquiring a gene is larger under the
      model of interchromosomal crossing-over. The relevance of this finding to the
      advantage of sexual reproduction is discussed.

PMID- 3368462
TI  - Use of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to measure DNA binding capacity of
      chemical carcinogens.
AB  - Although animal models have been used successfully to study metabolic activation
      and binding of carcinogens to DNA, only limited studies have been done in human
      systems. To circumvent the problems associated with the inaccessibility of human
      tissues and a lack of sensitive methods to detect DNA damage, we have
      investigated the capability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to
      metabolize carcinogens to their DNA binding species by a 32P-labeled adduct
      assay. Freshly isolated lymphocytes were exposed at 37 degrees C for 18 hr to 4
      aminobiphenyl, 2-aminofluorene, 2-anthramine, 2-acetylaminophenanthrene,
      benzidine, 1-nitropyrene, 1,2-benzanthracene, triphenylene, 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, or benzo[a]pyrene at 30 microM each, compounds that
      are shown or suspected to be carcinogenic in experimental animals. Anthracene,
      pyrene, and perylene were included as noncarcinogenic controls. Our data indicate
      that all test carcinogens formed readily measurable levels of DNA adducts.
      Analysis of exposed DNAs by 32P-labeling after digestion and adduct enrichment
      showed exclusively or predominantly one major adduct for all test carcinogens,
      except for 2-anthramine, triphenylene, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, which
      showed two or three adducts, in the range of 8-1500 amol/micrograms of DNA. No
      DNA binding was detected for the noncarcinogens. From 12 lymphocyte specimens
      studied thus far, significant interindividual variations were observed for 2
      aminofluorene (62-fold), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (10-fold), benzidine (19
      fold) and benzo[a]pyrene (18-fold) in their capacity to bind to the lymphocyte
      DNA. The lymphocyte system in combination with the 32P-adduct assay may prove to
      be an ultrasensitive means to determine interindividual variations in the ability
      to biotransform carcinogens.

PMID- 3368463
TI  - Analysis of genetic variability and mapping of point mutations in influenza virus
      by the RNase A mismatch cleavage method.
AB  - We have applied the RNase A mismatch cleavage method to analyze genetic
      variability in RNA viruses by using influenza virus as a model system. Uniformly
      labeled RNA probes synthesized from a cloned hemagglutinin gene of a given viral
      strain were hybridized to RNA isolated from other strains of characterized or
      uncharacterized genetic composition. The RNA.RNA heteroduplexes containing a
      variable number of base mismatches were digested with RNase A, and the resistant
      products were analyzed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We show
      that many of these single base mismatches are cleaved by RNase A, generating
      unique and characteristic patterns of resistant RNA fragments specific for each
      of the different viral strains. Comparative analysis of the cleavage patterns
      allows a qualitative estimation of the genetic relatedness and evolution of field
      strains. We also show that cleavage by RNase A at single base mismatches can
      readily detect and localize point mutations present in monoclonal antibody
      resistant variants. This method should have wide applications in the study of RNA
      viruses, not only for epidemiological analysis but also in some diagnostic
      problems, such as characterization of phenotypic mutants.

PMID- 3368464
TI  - Lack of complementation in somatic cell hybrids between fibroblasts from patients
      with different forms of cystinosis.
AB  - Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disease in which three clinical forms are
      recognized: infantile nephropathic, with renal tubular damage by 1 year of age
      and progressive glomerular insufficiency; intermediate, with tubular and
      glomerular insufficiency beginning at a later age; benign, with no kidney damage.
      Skin fibroblasts cultured from patients with all types of cystinosis show
      increased intralysosomal free (nonprotein) cystine; however, fibroblasts from
      heterozygotes have normal free-cystine values. To determine whether genetic
      complementation occurs between the different forms, somatic cell hybrids were
      constructed between cells from a patient with infantile nephropathic cystinosis
      and cells from patients with other types of cystinosis. If complementation
      occurred, the hybrids would be expected to have normal cystine levels. To
      construct hybrid cells, a "universal parent" cell type (TG1-neo), which was
      hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) sensitive and G418 resistant was
      constructed from an infantile nephropathic cystinosis fibroblast strain.
      Polyethylene glycol fusion of TG1-neo with other cells that are not HAT sensitive
      or G418 resistant allowed for selection of hybrid cells in a medium containing
      HAT and the aminoglycoside G418. As indicated by elevated cystine levels,
      complementation did not occur between TG1-neo and two different benign cystinosis
      strains, an intermediate cystinosis strain, or another nephropathic cystinosis
      cell strain. When a normal fibroblast strain was fused with TG1-neo, all 15
      hybrid clones studied contained normal amounts of intracellular free cystine.

PMID- 3368466
TI  - ATP-dependent transport of vinblastine in vesicles from human multidrug-resistant
      cells.
AB  - Resistance of human cancer cells to multiple cytotoxic hydrophobic agents
      (multidrug resistance) is due to overexpression of the "MDR1" gene, whose product
      is the plasma membrane P-glycoprotein. Plasma membrane vesicles partially
      purified from multidrug-resistant human KB carcinoma cells, but not from drug
      sensitive cells, accumulate [3H]vinblastine in an ATP-dependent manner. This
      transport is osmotically sensitive, with an apparent Km of 38 microM for ATP and
      of approximately equal to 2 microM for vinblastine. The nonhydrolyzable analog
      adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate does not substitute for ATP but is a
      competitive inhibitor of ATP for the transport process. Vanadate, an ATPase
      inhibitor, is a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of transport. These results
      indicate that hydrolysis of ATP is probably required for active transport of
      vinblastine. Several other drugs to which multidrug-resistant cell lines are
      resistant inhibit transport, with relative potencies as follows: vincristine
      greater than actinomycin D greater than daunomycin greater than colchicine =
      puromycin. Verapamil and quinidine, which reverse the multidrug-resistance
      phenotype, are good inhibitors of the transport process. These results confirm
      that multidrug-resistant cells express an energy-dependent plasma membrane
      transporter for hydrophobic drugs, and establish a system for the detailed
      biochemical analysis of this transport process.

PMID- 3368465
TI  - Influence of 5' flanking sequences on TL and H-2 expression in transfected L
      cells.
AB  - TL (thymus leukemia) antigens are encoded by genes in the major
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the mouse. Although similar in overall
      structure to other class I MHC antigens (H-2, Qa), TL expression is regulated in
      a highly distinctive fashion. In contrast to the broad distribution of H-2 and
      the intermediate distribution of Qa, TL expression is restricted to cells of T
      cell derivation during development in the thymus and is lost when T cells migrate
      to the periphery. Some mouse strains do not express TL antigens on thymocytes (TL
      strains), but leukemias occurring in these mice can have a TL+ phenotype,
      indicating activation of normally silent TL genes. In transfection studies with H
      2 or TL genes in L cells (mouse fibroblasts), H-2 is expressed at high levels,
      whereas TL is poorly expressed. To identify genetic elements that regulate
      expression in transfected L cells, chimeric genes were constructed by transposing
      the 5' and 3' regions of TL and H-2 genes. Antigen expression was not influenced
      by transposing the cytoplasmic domain and 3' untranslated region. In contrast,
      interchanging the 5' flanking sequences and exon 1 had a marked influence on
      antigen expression, with 5' sequences from the H-2 gene increasing TL expression
      10- to 50-fold, and 5' sequences from the TL gene markedly decreasing H-2
      expression. With both the parental TL gene (p20-TL) and the highly expressed
      chimeric TL gene (construct 3), levels of TL mRNA and TL antigen correlated with
      the number of transfected gene copies. However, in cells transfected with equal
      copy numbers, much higher levels of TL mRNA and TL antigen were found in
      construct-3 transfectants than in p20-TL transfectants. In addition, there was
      marked heterogeneity in TL mRNA size in L cells transfected with p20-TL, in
      contrast to a more homogeneous transcript size in construct-3 transfectants.
      These results point to regulatory sequences in the 5' flanking region of class I
      genes that control proper initiation and processing of TL transcripts.

PMID- 3368467
TI  - Cloning and characterization of a potentially protective antigen in lymphatic
      filariasis.
AB  - To facilitate biochemical studies of protective filarial antigens, a lambda gt11
      cDNA library was constructed from Brugia malayi adult mRNA and screened with
      rabbit sera that recognizes a limited set of filarial antigens of approximately
      25, 42, 60, and 112 kDa. Antigens of approximately equal to 25 and approximately
      equal to 60 kDa have been shown previously to induce enhanced clearance of
      microfilaremia in mice. A 154-base pair clone detected by immunological
      reactivity was used to isolate by hybridization a nearly full-length cDNA clone
      of 1.8 kilobases. Nucleotide-sequence analysis indicated that this clone was
      derived from a mRNA encoding a 63-kDa antigen. A fusion polypeptide containing 37
      kDa of the Escherichia coli TrpE protein (anthranilate synthase) and 55 kDa of
      the cloned protein was recognized in immunoblot experiments with antisera raised
      against a partially purified preparation of the approximately equal to 60-kDa
      protective filarial antigen. These data relate the cloned antigen to a
      potentially protective antigen in lymphatic filariasis.

PMID- 3368469
TI  - Evidence for a role of delta sleep-inducing peptide in slow-wave sleep and sleep
      related growth hormone release in the rat.
AB  - To examine the role of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in sleep-related
      growth hormone (GH) release, male rats were deprived of sleep for 4 hr by placing
      them on a slowly rotating wheel. Sleep deprivation by this method caused a
      significant increase in GH release, as indicated by the increase in plasma GH
      concentrations (P less than 0.01), and also in the amount of slow-wave sleep
      (SWS) (P less than 0.001) above initial values after removal of the animals from
      the rotating wheel. These increases were blocked by microinjection into the third
      cerebral ventricle of highly specific antiserum to DSIP. In control rats
      receiving an equal volume of normal rabbit serum, the significant increase in
      plasma GH as well as SWS remained after removal of the rats from the wheel. The
      increased release of endogenous DSIP in the sleep-deprived animals may have
      caused an increase in SWS as well as plasma GH. Since DSIP increases plasma GH
      after its injection into the third cerebral ventricle and since passive
      immunization against DSIP blocks the increase in SWS and GH release that follows
      the 4 hr of sleep deprivation, the results suggest that DSIP can be a
      physiological stimulus for sleep-related GH release as well as for the induction
      of SWS.

PMID- 3368470
TI  - Bird song syntax: learned intraspecific variation is meaningful.
AB  - Song syntax, defined as orderly temporal arrangements of acoustic units within a
      bird song, is a conspicuous feature of the songs of many species of passerine
      birds. While syntactical features play a role in interspecific song recognition
      by males of many bird species, syntax variation within species and female
      responsiveness to song syntax have received little attention. This report
      demonstrates that differences in naturally occurring learned song syntax within a
      species whose syntax varies geographically are behaviorally salient to both male
      and female birds. The salience of culturally transmitted intraspecific
      differences in song syntax has implications for the process of conspecific song
      perception and may be involved in the regulation of genetic exchange between
      large populations of swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana).

PMID- 3368468
TI  - Growth-associated protein GAP-43 is expressed selectively in associative regions
      of the adult human brain.
AB  - GAP-43 is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein that has been linked with the
      development and functional modulation of synaptic relationships. cDNAs for the
      human GAP-43 gene were used to reveal high overall levels of GAP-43 mRNA in a
      number of integrative areas of the neocortex, but low levels in cortical areas
      involved in the initial processing of sensory information, in several brainstem
      structures, and in caudate-putamen. Neurons expressing highest levels of GAP-43
      mRNA were found by in situ hybridization to be concentrated in layer 2 of
      association cortex and in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Control studies showed
      that several other RNAs had regional distributions that were different from GAP
      43, although the mRNA encoding the precursor of the Alzheimer amyloid beta
      protein followed a similar pattern of expression. These results suggest that a
      restricted subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons may be specialized for
      synaptic remodeling and might play a role in information storage in the human
      brain.

PMID- 3368471
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema--the
      virulence enhancing activity of mucin.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia was studied in hamsters with elastase-induced
      emphysema and in saline-treated controls. Emphysematous animals cleared
      endotracheally administered inocula of S. aureus in saline as rapidly as
      controls. After infection with S. aureus in 1% mucin, emphysematous animals had
      impaired clearance compared with controls; after infection with S. aureus in 5%
      mucin, emphysematous animals had decreased survival at 96 hr compared to controls
      (6/24 vs 15/24, P less than 0.01 Fisher's exact test). Bronchoalveolar lavage of
      uninfected elastase-treated hamsters yielded twice as many cells per animal as
      uninfected controls (P less than 0.0001, paired t test), and the cells contained
      a higher percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (37.8% vs 3.8%, P less than
      0.0001). Lavage cells from both groups of animals were equally efficient per cell
      at killing opsonized S. aureus in an in vitro bactericidal assay. Hamsters with
      elastase-induced emphysema were resistant to infection with S. aureus alone
      despite marked structural abnormalities in the lung, possibly due in part to
      increased numbers of resident phagocytic cells. After infection with S. aureus in
      mucin as a virulence enhancing factor emphysematous animals had impaired
      clearance and decreased survival compared to controls.

PMID- 3368472
TI  - Differential responsiveness of LH and prolactin to p-tyramine in male and female
      rats.
AB  - The effect of p-tyramine, a natural amine which is found in the rat brain in
      trace amounts, was evaluated for its capacity to influence LH and prolactin
      secretion in male and female rats under different hormonal conditions. p-Tyramine
      (40 mg/kg ip) was ineffective in modifying LH levels in either female or male
      rats which had been gonadectomized for 2 days, but if the animals were injected
      with 12.5 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) on the day of castration, p
      tyramine was able to release LH in female but not in male rats. To evaluate
      whether early androgenization of brain structures which control LH secretion was
      involved in the sexual difference observed, p-tyramine was tested in female
      androgenized rats (200 micrograms of testosterone propionate on the day of
      birth), and in male rats castrated at birth. The trace amine was ineffective in
      altering LH levels in both experimental models, even if rats were pretreated with
      EB as control females. On the other hand, p-tyramine inhibited prolactin
      secretion in male rats pretreated with EB, and not in similarly treated female
      rats. The present results suggest that p-tyramine may be involved not only in
      prolactin regulation as it has been previously shown, but also in LH control, and
      that the hormonal response to this amine is sexually differentiated in the rat.

PMID- 3368473
TI  - In vitro transformation of cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acids and their 7-oleyl
      esters by human intestinal microflora.
AB  - Chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid are used widely for the treatment of
      gallstones. A possible drawback to their utility is their conversion to
      lithocholic acid, which has displayed histotoxicity and mutagenicity. The 7-oleyl
      esters of cheno- and ursodeoxycholic acid are not degraded by fecal bacteria and
      may represent safer means of treatment.

PMID- 3368474
TI  - Pharmacokinetic profile of (+/-)-gossypol in male Sprague-Dawley rats following
      single intravenous and oral and subchronic oral administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic profile of (+/-)-gossypol was determined in male Sprague
      Dawley rats following a single intravenous or oral 10 mg/kg dose and after
      receiving a daily oral 10 mg/kg dose for 14 days. The intravenous plasma (+/-)
      gossypol level data were fitted with a three-compartment, open-model system. The
      apparent half-life of elimination of (+/-)-gossypol following intravenous
      administration was 11.44 hr, corresponding to an elimination rate constant of
      0.05 hr-1. The total plasma clearance (Cl), volume of distribution (Vd), and
      AUCplasma following a single intravenous administration were 0.16 liter/hr/kg,
      0.05 liter/kg, and 63.09 mg.hr/liter, respectively. The bioavailability of a
      single oral dose of (+/-)-gossypol in rats was 60%. The change in plasma (+/-)
      gossypol concentration after a single or after multiple doses showed a biphasic
      pattern. A single oral dose of (+/-)-gossypol, however, was eliminated five times
      faster than the daily administered chemical. Thus, a single oral dose of (+/-)
      gossypol was eliminated at a rate constant of 0.01 hr-1, corresponding to half
      life of 64.76 hr. Subchronic oral administration of (+/-)-gossypol showed an
      apparent half-life of 101.91 hr-1, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.007 hr
      1. The results indicate that multiple oral dosing of (+/-)-gossypol resulted in
      its longer retention in body tissue than a single oral dose. This study suggests
      that pharmacokinetics of (+/-)-gossypol may play, at least in part, a role in the
      reproductive toxicity of subchronic but not single oral dosing.

PMID- 3368475
TI  - Differential mechanisms of feeding modulation induced by amino sugars in rats.
AB  - The present study examined and compared the effects of N-acetylglucosamine and 1
      deoxy-N-acetylglucosamine on feeding behavior with those of glucosamine and 1
      deoxyglucosamine. Infusion of 12 mu mole N-acetylglucosamine and 24 mu mole 1
      deoxy-N-acetylglucosamine into the rat third cerebroventricle did not affect the
      feeding behavior. However, oral administration of 1200 mumol N-acetylglucosamine
      elicited feeding and 2400 mumol 1-deoxy-N-acetylglucosamine markedly suppressed
      feeding. These effects were abolished by truncal vagotomy. Both glucosamine and 1
      deoxyglucosamine affected feeding by intra-third cerebroventricular and oral
      administration. These findings indicate that N-acetyl amino sugars modulate
      feeding behavior peripherally through the vagal afferent nerve.

PMID- 3368476
TI  - Gestational zinc deficiency amplifies the regulation of metallothionein induction
      in adult mice.
AB  - To determine if prenatal zinc deficiency has a persistent effect on
      metallothionein (MT) regulation, Swiss-Webster mice were mated and fed a diet
      containing either control (100 micrograms Zn/g) or low levels of zinc (5
      micrograms Zn/g) from Day 7 of gestation to parturition. After birth all mice
      were given the control diet. Liver zinc and MT levels were 50% lower in newborn
      pups from dams fed the low zinc diets than in control pups. In control pups,
      liver zinc and MT concentrations were relatively stable during the first week of
      postnatal life. In contrast, in pups prenatally deprived of zinc, liver levels of
      zinc and MT increased such that by Day 3 of postnatal life, the levels were not
      significantly different from controls. At Day 56, serum IgM concentrations were
      significantly lower in the low zinc offspring. Liver zinc concentrations in the
      two groups of mice were similar at Day 70 postnatal, and in both groups liver MT
      levels were below detection limits. However, when Day 70 mice were given zinc
      injections to stimulate MT synthesis, the prenatally zinc deprived offspring
      showed markedly higher liver MT levels than did control mice given similar
      injections, despite similar liver zinc concentrations in the two groups. These
      results show that prenatal zinc deficiency has pronounced effects on postnatal MT
      metabolism which can persist into adulthood.

PMID- 3368477
TI  - Proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells after castration and
      administration of testosterone propionate.
AB  - Thirty-six neonatal pigs were randomly assigned to the following treatment
      groups: sham implanted gonadally intact males (B), sham-implanted castrated males
      (C), or castrated males implanted with testosterone propionate (C + TP). Four
      pigs from each group were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 21 days of age after a 6-hr
      continuous infusion of [3H]thymidine. Myofibers isolated from the triceps brachii
      were prepared for satellite cell enumeration by light microscope autoradiography.
      A developmental decline in labeled myofiber nuclei occurred in all groups,
      however, the greatest decline occurred in C (P less than 0.01). A treatment-by
      age interaction was observed for percentage of labeled nuclei. Castration reduced
      total and labeled nuclei per millimeter myofiber (P less than 0.05), and C + TP
      had a higher percentage of labeled nuclei than C (2.8 vs 2.2%; P less than 0.05).
      Since triceps brachii muscles from 21 day B and C + TP were 120% (P less than
      0.05) of C, the results indicate that postnatal growth of skeletal muscle is
      dependent on satellite cell mitotic activity and that testosterone enhances this
      activity in neonatal pigs.

PMID- 3368478
TI  - Parallel effects of DOCA on salt appetite, thirst, and blood pressure in sheep.
AB  - Salt appetite was quantified in sheep by measuring the relative amounts of high
      salt (266 meq/kg) and low-salt (6 meq/kg) pelleted alfalfa that they ate. Given a
      choice of these two foods, normal sheep ate twice as much low-salt as high-salt
      pellets. Following DOCA administration the sheep rapidly developed an increased
      salt appetite, and after 10 days they ate approximately three times as much high
      salt as low-salt pellets. Their choice rapidly reverted to control values after
      the end of the DOCA treatment. The changes in salt appetite were accompanied by
      changes in thirst and mean arterial pressure. We hypothesize that these effects
      of DOCA reflect changes that parallel those this mineralocorticoid causes in the
      hypothalamic regulatory centers for salt appetite, thirst, and blood pressure.

PMID- 3368479
TI  - The ontogeny and induction by zinc of hepatic chick embryo metallothionein.
AB  - To avoid the maternal influences inherent in mammalian models, the chick embryo
      was examined for the effects of development on the ontogeny of hepatic
      metallothionein (MT) induction. Livers from embryos were examined for total and
      cytosolic zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and cytosolic MT on 12, 14, 16, and 18-21
      days of incubation (DI) as well as 1, 7, and 14 days posthatch (ph). Cytosolic Zn
      levels fell, from a high on 12 DI (45.04 +/- 1.05 ng/micrograms DNA), to 25.79 +/
      1.05 ng/micrograms DNA on 19 DI and then increased to 44.73 +/- 3.47
      ng/micrograms DNA by 1 day ph. Cytosolic Cu followed a reverse pattern, with a
      high of 24.10 +/- 0.74 ng/microgram DNA on 16 DI. Both 109Cd radioassay analysis
      and gel filtration chromatography of hepatic cytosols showed a developmental
      pattern for MT similar to that of cytosolic Zn. These results are in contrast to
      the developmental pattern of the rat. To establish if yolk Zn levels limit
      hepatic MT in the 1-day neonate, the yolks of unincubated fertile eggs were
      supplemented with 26, 52, or 78% of the endogenous Zn (768 micrograms/yolk). As a
      result, hepatic MT of 1-day neonates increased by 3.9-, 4.7-, and 7.1-fold,
      respectively. Thus the initial level of Zn in the yolk has a significant impact
      on the final concentration of MT in neonatal liver. A study of MT induction in
      the 18-DI embryo revealed that yolk sac administration of Zn (550, 2750, 4950
      micrograms/yolk) increased hepatic MT by 5.8-, 23-, and 39-fold, respectively.
      This demonstrates the inducibility of MT even at the point of minimum endogenous
      MT (18 DI). In summary, our results show that (1) a marked difference exists
      between the developmental patterns of MT in avian and mammalian species, and (2)
      chick embryo hepatic MT is highly responsive to exogenous Zn introduced into the
      yolk.

PMID- 3368480
TI  - Definition of the pulmonary antibody response to ovalbumin following local
      challenge in systemically immunized rats.
AB  - The in vivo pulmonary immune response of rats to local stimulation with antigen
      was assessed by measuring antigen-specific antibody and antibody-secreting cells
      utilizing enzyme-immunoassay technology. Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized
      subcutaneously with ovalbumin (OA) emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant,
      challenged with OA intratracheally on Day 19 and sacrificed 1, 2, 3, or 4 days
      later. Specific antibody-secreting cells in the lung-associated lymph nodes were
      enumerated with the ELISA-SPOT assay and antibody concentration in the pulmonary
      lavage fluids and sera was assessed with the ELISA. The greatest response for
      each parameter was on Day 2. Cellular infiltration of the lung was minimal.
      Cellular infiltrates consisted mainly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and were
      most numerous in the lavage fluid on Days 1 and 2 and in the lung parenchyma on
      Day 2 after challenge. Local production versus serum transudation of antibody was
      evaluated by comparing the levels of OA-specific antibody to albumin in the
      lavage fluid and serum. The data showed that antibody in the lungs was primarily
      produced locally.

PMID- 3368481
TI  - Refined evaluation of the exponential curve parameters and initial exchange rate
      constant for 22Na+ washout in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - A technique is proposed to evaluate the exponential curve parameters and the
      initial exchange rate constant (kie) for 22Na+ washout from cultured human skin
      fibroblasts. After loading with the isotope, the cells were subjected to cold
      washing and warming steps. A desaturation curve for 22Na+ washout was developed
      including the activity in the warming medium that corresponded to t = 0 min.
      Using nonlinear regression analysis, a general three exponential function
      adequately described the 22Na+ washout in the time interval of 0-70 min. A back
      extrapolation was performed to estimate the initial time (ti; a negative number)
      when the total activity was present in the cells. The ti was substituted into the
      first derivative function of the three exponents to yield the kie. Calculated
      from the equilibrium distribution of 22Na+ and the specific activity of the
      medium, the concentration of Na+ (in mM; mean +/- SD) for fibroblasts of two
      individuals were 13.3 +/- 2.3, n = 3, and 19.0 +/- 5.2, n = 4. This indicates
      that the washout originated mainly or exclusively from the cellular milieu.
      Therefore, the kie represents the equilibrium exchange rate constant for Na+
      washout from an inhomogeneous cell-related space. Multiple experiments
      demonstrated that the kie value for the two subjects were significantly higher
      than the initial slopes of the washout curves (kA), a commonly used parameter to
      characterize Na+ washout, and significantly lower than the slopes of the fastest
      exponential components (k3): kie = 0.531 +/- 0.017, kA = 0.502 +/- 0.019, and k3
      = 0.557 +/- 0.017 min-1 (n = 3) for one subject, and kie = 0.567 +/- 0.065, kA =
      0.479 +/- 0.031, and k3 = 0.667 +/- 0.094 min-1 (n = 6) for the other subject.
      The respective equilibrium exchange rates for these cells, namely the products of
      kie and cellular Na+ contents, were 1.10 +/- 0.16 and 1.19 +/- 0.24 nmole/10(5)
      cells. Using the exponential curve parameters, analytical solutions of a serial
      model and a parallel model with three compartments were performed. According to
      these analyses the major portion of the cellular Na+ comprises a fast
      exchangeable cellular compartment. The relative size of this compartment
      (expressed as a fraction of total cellular Na+ content) for fibroblasts of the
      two subjects was 96.2 and 89.2% for the serial model and 96.1 and 89.3% according
      to the parallel model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368482
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to different sites on human transcobalamin II.
AB  - Two IgG1K monoclonal antibodies to human transcobalamin II (TC II) were
      generated. These antibodies, 16.1 and 16.6, did not cross-react with the other
      two types of human cobalamin-binding proteins, intrinsic factor and R binder (TC
      I). Both antibodies cross-reacted with orangutan and simiang TC II but not with
      TC II from cynomolgus and howler monkeys, who are less closely related to humans.
      This finding suggests close structural similarity of human to ape TC II. The
      antibodies also did not react with TC II of lower mammals which included the
      horse, dog, guinea pig, and mouse; in particular, reaction did not occur with
      rabbit TC II, which has been considered structurally close to human TC II.
      Neither of the two antibodies was directed at the cobalamin-binding site of TC
      II. However, antibody 16.6 hindered TC II binding to cell receptor. This
      reactivity with the receptor-binding site should prove particularly useful in
      studies of that region of the TC II molecule.

PMID- 3368483
TI  - Inhibition of prolactin release from anterior pituitary lactotrophs in culture by
      sulfur-containing analogs of dopamine.
AB  - The effects of permanently charged and uncharged analogs of dopamine were
      examined for their ability to inhibit basal prolactin release from primary
      cultures of rat pituitary lactotrophs. The charged quaternary trimethyldopamine
      and the charged dimethylsulfonium analogs were active (IC50's were 4.3 and 31
      microM, respectively) while the permanently uncharged monoethylsulfide was devoid
      of significant activity. Dopamine and dimethyldopamine, which are able to exist
      in both charged and uncharged forms, are more potent (IC50's were 36 and 44 nM,
      respectively) but all compounds were capable of approaching the same maximum
      degree of prolactin release inhibition. Haloperidol, a dopamine receptor
      antagonist, was able to block the actions of each of the agonists. The data
      suggest that (a) dopamine agonists do not have to be in the uncharged form in
      order to activate the dopamine receptor that regulates prolactin release, (b) the
      uncharged monomethylsulfide analog of dopamine is incapable of activating the
      dopamine receptor, and (c) the nitrogen on the side chain of dopamine can be
      replaced by another atom and still retain prolactin release inhibiting activity.

PMID- 3368485
TI  - Mechanisms of digoxin-amiodarone interaction in the rat.
AB  - Amiodarone and digoxin are often used in combination and clinical experience
      suggests that amiodarone may increase serum digoxin levels and toxicity. We have
      investigated the influence of amiodarone on digoxin pharmacokinetics and tissue
      distribution in the rat. Forty-nine rats were injected with 10 mg/kg amiodarone
      sc three times a day for 7 days, while 49 others were injected with saline only.
      On the eighth day, all the rats received 0.5 mg/kg digoxin ip; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10,
      and 12 hr later, groups of 7 amiodarone-pretreated and control animals were
      sacrificed, and plasma, heart, liver, muscle, brain, and kidney digoxin
      concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA,
      with group comparisons using the Waller-Duncan multiple comparison procedure.
      Digoxin levels were significantly higher in the plasma, heart, muscle, and kidney
      of the amiodarone-pretreated rats at most points of measurement (P less than
      0.05) whereas liver digoxin levels were elevated at 8, 10, and 12 hr.
      Kidney/plasma, heart/plasma, muscle/plasma, and especially liver/plasma ratios in
      the control groups significantly exceeded the values found in the amiodarone
      pretreated group at most time points. Concentrations of digoxin in brain were not
      changed. This suggests that the volume of distribution is significantly altered
      in the amiodarone-pretreated group. Amiodarone increases plasma digoxin levels in
      rats as it does in humans, but the mechanism is unclear.

PMID- 3368484
TI  - Ethanol decreases entry of vincristine into brain of rat: modification by
      acetylcholine or histamine.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and a
      jugular vein and femoral artery cannulated. Ethanol (3%; 13.3 ml/kg) was injected
      intraperitoneally 5 min before the administration of 10 microCi [3H]vincristine
      sulfate intravenously. One minute later, saline, acetylcholine, (1 or 2
      micrograms/kg) or histamine (1.25, 2.5 or 5 micrograms/kg) was given
      intravenously. At 15 min the thoracic cavity was opened, a cardiac sample of
      blood obtained, and saline infused into the left ventricle to remove blood from
      the brain. Samples of the cerebral cortex, midbrain, cerebellum, and plasma were
      subjected to liquid scintillation counting. The concentration of ethanol at 20
      min after its administration was 20.3 mg/dl. This was associated with a
      significant decrease in radioactivity in the cerebral cortex and midbrain and a
      nonsignificant decrease in the cerebellum. Administration of 2 micrograms/kg of
      acetylcholine in the presence of ethanol decreased the blood pressure and
      increased the movement of radioactivity into the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
      while causing a significant decrease in the midbrain. Histamine (2.5
      micrograms/kg) significantly increased the movement into the cerebellum and 5
      micrograms/kg decreased the movement into the midbrain. The permeability of the
      blood-brain barrier to [3H]vincristine was decreased by ethanol and this could be
      modified regionally by vasoactive doses of acetylcholine and histamine. Possible
      therapeutic advantage might result if vincristine were given in the presence of
      ethanol which should diminish the potential neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3368486
TI  - Advances in pigment cell research. Proceedings of symposia and lectures from the
      Thirteenth International Pigment Cell Conference. Tucson, Arizona, October 5-9,
      1986.

PMID- 3368487
TI  - Melanogenesis and malignancy in experimental B16 melanoma variants.

PMID- 3368488
TI  - Nature and biosynthesis of structural matrix protein in melanosomes: melanosomal
      structural protein as differentiation antigen for neoplastic melanocytes.
AB  - Two major classes of protein, i.e., structural matrix and enzymic, exist in the
      melanosome. In normal melanocytes, synthesis of these two components is under a
      strict genetic control with regulatory steps associated with transcription and
      translation coded with appropriate pigment genes. In abnormal neoplastic
      melanocytes, they become markedly aberrant. The aberrant melanogenesis can be
      typically manifested by an abnormality in fine structure of the melanosome. The
      fine structural heterogeneity of the melanosome can often be diagnostic to
      certain forms of malignant melanoma and dysplastic melanocytic nevus. This study
      brings about the importance of the structural matrix protein for the expression
      of fine structural heterogeneity in the melanosome by developing the 2 monoclonal
      antibodies, MoAb HMSA-1 and HMSA-2. The 2 MoAbs recognized the cytoplasmic
      antigen on paraffin embedded sections, which under immunoelectron microscopy and
      cell fractionation studies, were found to be localization the melanosome and
      smooth ER, but not Golgi complex and coated vesicles as seen in the tyrosinase
      studies. It is indicated (a) that the sites of the synthesis for the melanosomal
      protein and tyrosinase are different, (b) that the melanosomal structural protein
      is accumulated in the dilated vacuole of smooth ER from which the stage I
      melanosome is synthesized, (c) that the synthesis of melanosomal protein becomes
      markedly aberrant and directly reflects the abnormal fine structure of the
      melanosome and (d) the heterogeneity in synthesis of melanosomal protein as
      expressed by MoAb HMSA-1 and HMSA-2 is a useful adjunct for
      immunohistopathological differentiation of malignant melanoma cells from benign
      nevoid cells and normal melanocytes.

PMID- 3368489
TI  - Perspectives in pigment cell development.

PMID- 3368490
TI  - Acquired, hypermelanotic disorders: clinical and pathological features.

PMID- 3368491
TI  - The dilute coat-color locus of mouse chromosome 9.
AB  - The genetic and molecular analysis clearly defines the dilute gene as essential
      for normal melanocyte morphology, neurological function and juvenile survival.
      The large number of dilute mutations afford a strong basis for clarifying the
      precise genomic organization and expression pattern at dilute. Ultimately, such
      an analysis will provide the tools for the subsequent molecular examination of
      the numerous loci which define the dilute complex of mouse chromosome 9 as
      critical for normal mammalian development.

PMID- 3368492
TI  - Biology of human melanoma colony-forming cells.

PMID- 3368494
TI  - Differentiation and transdifferentiation of amphibian chromatophores.

PMID- 3368493
TI  - Antigen repertoire of human melanoma.

PMID- 3368495
TI  - Purification and characterization of melanization and reddish coloration hormone
      (MRCH) in lepidopteran insects.

PMID- 3368496
TI  - Functional aspects of the microtubule system in chromatophores of the sea urchin
      Centrostephanus longispinus.

PMID- 3368497
TI  - Relative importance of MCH and MSH in melanophore control.

PMID- 3368498
TI  - Structure-activity studies on melanin-concentrating hormone.

PMID- 3368499
TI  - Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) mechanisms of action.

PMID- 3368500
TI  - Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) control of chromatophores.

PMID- 3368501
TI  - Immunobiology of human cutaneous melanoma.

PMID- 3368502
TI  - Curative effect of an almitrine-raubasine combination in the postischemic
      syndrome following transient cerebral ischemia in dogs.
AB  - Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes, occurring during delayed
      hypoperfusion following transient cerebral ischemia, and the influence of
      treatment with almitrine plus raubasine were studied in mongrel dogs. 10 min of
      transient cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral clamping of both carotid and
      vertebral arteries. After declamping, the mean time necessary until cerebral
      venous PO2 (cvPO2) reached a value of 3.6 kPa, threshold for tissue hypoxia, was
      80 min. At this time (T0), venous cerebral blood flow (vCBF) and cerebral
      perfusion pressure (Perf P) were below (60 and 20%, respectively) preischemic
      values, while cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) and oxygen and glucose
      extraction rates increased despite a normal cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2).
      At T0 ventilatory assistance without (control group) or with (treated group)
      intravenous infusion of almitrine plus raubasine was applied for 110 min. Between
      T0 and T110 min, 2 dogs died in the control group. During this period vCBF
      decreased by more than 60% in the control group while it slightly increased in
      the treated group. A strong decrease in Perf P (40%) and increase in CVR (140%)
      was observed in the control group while in the treated group Perf P and CVR
      slightly decreased (14 and 35%, respectively). CMRO2 decreased by 60% in the
      control group but remained within the normal range in the treated group. The fact
      that cvPO2 remained constantly below the initial value of 3.6 kPa in the control
      group and, on contrary, above this value in the group infused with raubasine plus
      almitrine indicates that the vCBF improvement leads to an increase in oxygen
      supply and is involved in the keeping of the adequacy between flow and
      metabolism. Our results support the hypothesis that the post-ischemic syndrome
      may play an important role in the acute prognosis of stroke. They clearly
      indicate that early cerebral resuscitation by infusion of almitrine plus
      raubasine, maintaining oxygen availability and CBF above initial thresholds,
      should improve the long-term neurological outcome.

PMID- 3368503
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and CSF entry of flurazepam in dogs.
AB  - Anesthetized dogs received a single 1.0-mg/kg intravenous dose of flurazepam
      hydrochloride, following which multiple blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      samples were taken over the next 8 h. Concentrations of flurazepam and its
      metabolite, desalkylflurazepam, were determined by gas chromatography with
      electron-capture detection. Mean kinetic variables for flurazepam were: volume of
      distribution 7.9 l/kg, elimination half-life 2.3 h, clearance 37 ml/min/kg, serum
      free fraction 25% unbound. The metabolic product desalkylflurazepam appeared in
      serum in low concentrations, and was eliminated with a half-life of 4.9 h.
      Flurazepam rapidly entered CSF, then was eliminated in parallel with flurazepam
      in serum. However, the extent of entry into CSF was limited, with the mean ratio
      of area under the curve for CSF versus serum (0.24) nearly identical to the serum
      free fraction. Thus, intravenous flurazepam in dogs is characterized by extensive
      distribution, high clearance, and short half-life. Entry into CSF is rapid, and
      appears governed by passive diffusion. The extent of CSF entry is limited by
      protein binding in serum.

PMID- 3368504
TI  - Single-dose kinetics of nifedipine in rat plasma and brain.
AB  - Nifedipine concentrations in plasma and brain tissue of rats were assayed from 5
      min to 4 h after an intravenous injection of 6 mg/kg body weight. Samples of rat
      plasma and homogenized brain tissue were extracted under sodium light with a
      dichloromethane-pentane mixture. Analyses were done by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on a reverse-phase C18 column with electrochemical detection. The
      peak concentration of nifedipine in brain obtained after 10 min was 37
      micrograms/g wet weight tissue, the half-life was 75 min. Apparently, nifedipine
      can easily cross the blood-brain barrier in the rat.

PMID- 3368505
TI  - Proteinuria associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Proteinuria, a complication of both diabetes mellitus and hypertension, was
      compared in 2 genetically induced models: insulin-dependent diabetic BB rat (BB),
      and Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats (SHR). Both disease
      states were clearly distinguished from each other and their respective age
      matched controls by analysis of 24-hour urine samples for glucose, urobilinogen,
      bilirubin and total protein. Then individual protein components between 15,000
      and 120,000 daltons were separated by molecular weight and quantitated by laser
      densitometric analysis. The results indicated that insulin-dependent diabetic BB
      rats excreted urine having elevation of glucose (100-250 mg/dl), bilirubin (0.05
      +/- 0.03 mg/dl) and urobilinogen (6.6 +/- 3.8 Ehrlich units/dl) in contrast to
      all age-matched SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and nondiabetic controls,
      which excreted urine having normal urobilinogen and no detectable glucose or
      bilirubin. Both SHR and insulin-dependent BB rats exhibited proteinuria, urinary
      protein excretion being increased approximately 4-5 times that of their age
      matched controls. BB rats excreted 18.80 +/- 2.62 mg protein/day attributed to an
      increase in albumin and an entire array of proteins between 30,000 and 120,000
      daltons not present in controls which primarily excreted proteins below 20,000
      daltons. In the SHR, proteinuria did not include an array of proteins; the
      increase in excreted protein (39.20 +/- 16 mg/day) was primarily attributed to
      albumin and another protein having a higher molecular weight. The SHR urinary
      proteins were similar to proteins excreted by streptozocin-induced, noninsulin
      dependent diabetic rats treated with the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil. If
      hypertension is associated with diabetic nephropathy, our preclinical results
      suggest that coadministration of sorbinil with antihypertensive therapy may
      promote a positive synergistic effect further diminishing proteinuria.

PMID- 3368506
TI  - Influence of the rate of hepatic portal vein infusion on hexobarbital
      pharmacokinetics in the rat.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters of hexobarbital were estimated in rats after hepatic
      portal infusion of a 10-mg dose. Infusion during 10 min resulted in an area under
      the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) of 556 +/- 83 micrograms.min/ml and a
      clearance of 83 +/- 13 ml/min.kg, whereas infusion of the same dose during 40 min
      resulted in values of 272 +/- 36 micrograms.min/ml and 169 +/- 30 ml/min.kg,
      respectively (mean values +/- SD, n = 3). Infusion during 15 and 20 min provided
      intermediate values. The decrease of the AUC and the increase of the blood
      clearance of hexobarbital following decreasing infusion rates clearly indicate
      nonlinear pharmacokinetics related to the hepatic inflow concentration of
      hexobarbital.

PMID- 3368507
TI  - First International Symposium on Senna. May 22-23, 1987, Rottach-Egern (FRG).
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3368508
TI  - Effect of rhein on electrogenic chloride secretion in rabbit distal colon.
AB  - The effect of the laxative component rhein on electrical properties and Cl
      transport was investigated in partially stripped epithelial sheets of rabbit
      distal colon under short-circuit conditions. Whereas mucosal rhein had no effect,
      serosally applied rhein stimulated electrogenic Cl secretion in a dose-dependent
      manner with a half-maximal stimulation at 0.05 mmol/l. The stimulation was
      partially reversible by serosal bumetanide. Indomethacin preincubation inhibited
      the effect of rhein, but did not prevent theophylline-induced Cl secretion. The
      results suggest a prostaglandin-mediated effect of rhein on the apical Cl
      conductance of the colonic cells.

PMID- 3368509
TI  - Rhein stimulates active chloride secretion in the short-circuited rat colonic
      mucosa.
AB  - In a short-circuited mucosa-submucosa preparation of the rat descending colon
      with preserved Meissner's plexus mounted as an everted sac rhein transiently
      increased the potential difference and short-circuit current (Isc) when
      administered serosally and mucosally, but serosal application was more effective.
      Maximal effects were obtained at rhein concentrations of 1.6 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(
      4) mol/l. Net chloride absorption was decreased. Indomethacin (5 X 10(-6) mol/l)
      did not inhibit the increase of Isc, but omission of calcium from the serosal
      side as well as tetrodoxin (2 X 10(-7) mol/l) decreased it by 50 and 60%.
      Mechanical removal of Meissner's plexus partly blocked the effect of rhein, too.
      It is concluded that rhein stimulates colonic secretion by a direct action on the
      epithelial cells together with an indirect action via neurohumoral mechanisms.

PMID- 3368510
TI  - Metabolism of sennosides--an overview.
AB  - The metabolism of sennosides is discussed in view of the results obtained during
      the last years. Rhein anthrone is to be considered as the ultimate active form
      produced by microorganisms in the colon. Several contributions of this senna
      symposium bring complementary information of utmost interest.

PMID- 3368511
TI  - Instability of rhein-9-anthrone as a problem in pharmacological and analytical
      use.
AB  - The stability of rhein-9-anthrone, one of the main and most active metabolites of
      the sennosides A + B, was studied under physiological conditions. A high-pressure
      liquid chromatographic method for the determination of rhein-9-anthrone and its
      oxidation products, rhein and sennidins A + B, was developed. Rhein-9-anthrone,
      dissolved in Tyrode buffer at pH 6.5 or 7.5 at a concentration of 10(-4) mol/l,
      completely disappeared from a solution warmed to 37 degrees C within 30 min. More
      than 90% were transformed into rhein and sennidins A + B. Pharmacological
      experiments in rats showed that net water absorption in the small intestine was
      reversed to net secretion by rhein-9-anthrone, whereas rhein and sennidins in
      corresponding concentrations were ineffective. As at least rhein is known to
      stimulate secretion under different experimental conditions, all pharmacological
      results with rhein-9-anthrone must be interpreted with caution and should be
      checked whether they essentially differ from those of its main oxidation
      products.

PMID- 3368512
TI  - New aspects on the metabolism of the sennosides.
AB  - Pure sennoside B was administered to rats. On appearance of the first wet faeces,
      sennoside B and its metabolites were determined in different parts of the
      alimentary tract, in faeces and in the urine. The total recovery of unchanged
      sennoside B and its metabolites was determined by alkali fusion followed by
      colorimetry and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alkali fusion in 1 N
      sodium hydroxide solution formed red solutions with sennosides and sennoside
      derivatives. The molar absorbance of sennosides A and B, sennidin B
      monoglucoside, sennidins, rhein, danthron, dithranol, rhein-8-glucoside and rhein
      anthrone at wavelengths of 505-530 nm related approximately to the number of
      ionizable hydroxy groups in the molecule. Brown polymerized products were
      isolated from the senna drug. The colour intensity of these products was
      approximately the same by weight as that of the sennosides themselves, although
      sennidins could no longer be freed from these by acid hydrolysis. After
      administration of sennoside B, the average sum of unchanged glucoside and known
      metabolites in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and faeces of rats
      was 61.6% according to HPLC and 92.8% according to the alkali fusion procedure.
      This difference is indicative of the presence of substances which are no longer
      identifiable as sennoside derivatives, either by HPLC or by other classical
      chromatographic methods. Sennosides seem to be partly present in the alimentary
      tract in polymerized or bound form. The alkali fusion method may be useful in
      connection with the isolation of as yet unknown metabolites of the sennosides in
      the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3368513
TI  - Anthraquinone laxatives: metabolism and transport of danthron and rhein in the
      rat small and large intestine in vitro.
AB  - A previous in vitro study by Sund and Hillestad in 1982 showed that dihydroxy
      diphenylmethane laxatives undergo intestinal metabolism, and suggested a
      regionally dependent transport asymmetry of gut glucuronides. The present study
      was initiated since such experiments on anthraquinone diphenols are lacking.
      Everted sacs of rat jejunum and stripped colon were filled with Krebs-Henseleit
      solution (K-H) on the serosal (BL) side, and bathed at the mucosal (LU) side with
      K-H containing either danthron (3-4 nmol/ml) or rhein (10 nmol/ml). After 60 min
      incubation at 37 degrees C, LU and BL solutions and gut tissue were analysed for
      parent diphenol and metabolites by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography. Reference metabolites were isolated and purified from urine and
      bile of rats infused with danthron or rhein. The studies showed: (1) only small
      amounts of unchanged drug were present on the contraluminal side; (2) in both
      tissues, danthron was transformed into its monoglucuronide (G) and monosulphate
      (S); the ratio G:S was 6-8:1 in jejunum, and even greater in colon; (3) in
      jejunum, G and S were mainly secreted (LU:BL distribution ratios greater than
      10:1); (4) in the colon, however, the main G fraction was absorbed (BL:LU ratios
      of 3:1), whereas a slight net secretion of S seemed to take place; (5) residuals
      (%) in gut tissue were small; (6) rhein was more slowly taken up and metabolized,
      but seemed otherwise to behave as danthron. The results are in principle similar
      to those obtained by indirect conjugate assay in the study on
      diphenylmethanes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368514
TI  - Metabolism of 14C-rhein and 14C-rhein anthrone in rats.
AB  - The two radioactive compounds were administered intracaecally to rats, and the
      recovery rates amounted to 89.9% for 14C-rhein and to 97.4% for 14C-rhein
      anthrone after 5 days. All organs and tissues showed for both compounds a
      significant clearance of radioactivity with exception of the kidneys where high
      levels persisted even after 5 days. Different metabolites could be detected in
      urine as well as in faeces where also nonanthraquinone fractions could be found.

PMID- 3368515
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 14C-labelled rhein in rats.
AB  - After oral or intravenous administration of 14C-rhein to male rats, blood
      concentrations were measured for up to 48 h. Both mean blood level curves and
      also the calculated pharmacokinetic constants show a fairly good conformity.
      Organ distribution was measured up to 2 days after intravenous and up to 7 days
      after oral application. In most organs the activity is lower than in plasma with
      very low values in testicles and in brain. Higher values are found in the main
      excretion organ, the kidney. The plasma protein binding of 14C-rhein is very high
      both in rat and human serum. Absorption in or adsorption on erythrocytes is very
      small. Rhein and its metabolites are excreted by kidney and liver. Biliary
      excreted rhein metabolites are easily reabsorbed and finally excreted with urine.
      In bile, there are mainly two conjugated metabolites of rhein, whereas in urine
      also larger amounts of rhein and one or two additional metabolites can be
      detected. All metabolites seem to be conjugates, because they can be split by
      glucuronidase/arylsulfatase to rhein. Rhein is absorbed after oral application by
      about 50-60% and after administration into the colon by about 50%.

PMID- 3368516
TI  - Metabolism of sennosides by human intestinal bacteria.
AB  - During the course of studies on the metabolism of sennosides by human intestinal
      bacteria, an enzyme which takes part in the reduction of sennosides and sennidins
      was originally isolated from Peptostreptococcus intermedius. This enzyme
      catalyzed the electron transfer from NADH to FAD, FMN or benzyl viologen, which
      reduced nonenzymatically sennosides and sennidins to 8-glucosyl-rhein anthrone
      and rhein anthrone, respectively.

PMID- 3368517
TI  - Toxic effects of sennosides in laboratory animals and in vitro.
AB  - Sennosides were tested in a wide range of toxicity studies to evaluate risk
      assessment. From acute studies, sennosides could be classified as only slightly
      toxic in rats and mice after a single oral dose. The LD50 values were about 5,000
      mg/kg in both species. The cause of death was probably due to an extensive loss
      of water and electrolytes following massive diarrhoea. In subacute studies with
      rats (max. 20 mg/kg) and dogs (max. 500 mg/kg), sennosides caused no specific
      local or systemic toxicity. Minor increase in kidney weight in rats was
      toxicologically not relevant. In a 6-month study with rats, sennosides were
      tolerated without specific toxic effects in doses up to 100 mg/kg. Effects on
      food consumption, body weight gain and some biochemical parameters as well as
      slight renal lesions can be interpreted as secondary effects following chronic
      diarrhoea. Mutagenicity tests and reproduction toxicity studies showed no
      abnormal results.

PMID- 3368518
TI  - Electron microscopical studies on rat intestine after long-term treatment with
      sennosides.
AB  - After gastric administration of daily 100 mg sennosides/kg body weight, no
      morphological differences could be found between the colon of treated rats and
      the controls. In particular, no damage to the intramural nerve tissue could be
      seen under the electron microscope.

PMID- 3368519
TI  - Long-term mucosal alterations by sennosides and related compounds.
AB  - Sennosides and related compounds are presumed to be severe cell poisons after
      prolonged ingestion. Some histological and ultrastructural studies in animals and
      man with such laxative misuse have revealed myenteric plexus and colonic
      epithelium injuries; but others have failed to point out identical data. In a
      first histological and ultrastructural study in mouse, we were unable to find any
      intestinal mucosa injury after long-term sennoside ingestion. In a second long
      term experiment, we compared the effects of sennosides and 1,8
      dihydroxyanthraquinone (synthetic anthracene derivative) on the mouse jejunum and
      colon. Electron microscopic observations showed nervous myenteric plexus
      abnormalities only in 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-treated animals. These results
      suggest that sennosides have a good intestinal mucosa tolerance as opposed to
      aglycosidic-related compounds.

PMID- 3368520
TI  - Evaluation of the effects of sennosides on uterine motility in the pregnant ewe.
AB  - The effects of sennosides on uterine motility were evaluated by electromyography
      in healthy adult ewes between day 70 and 120 of pregnancy to assess possible
      disturbances of the physiological pattern of contractility and eventual risks in
      pregnancy maintenance. At this stage of pregnancy, the ovine genital tract
      presented motility episodes of 6-8 min duration occurring at approximately hourly
      intervals. A dose-range study (10-160 mg/kg intracolonically) in 2 ewes showed
      that diarrhea was systematically obtained with doses greater than 20 mg/kg and
      was connected with a marked depression of both ileum and spiral colon motility. A
      standard dose of 60 mg/kg administered intracolonically 1-3 times at 7- to 10-day
      intervals to 12 ewes was used in the uterus studies. The experiments showed that
      sennosides did not stimulate uterine motility in the pregnant ewe, but slightly
      depressed it in some ewes. Cervix motility was never influenced. Intolerance of
      the drug was observed in half of the animals resulting mainly in anorexia or
      weakness and confirming a specific toxicity of senna in ruminants which is not
      known from other species. These effects were not related to uterine motility and
      pregnancy maintenance was normal in all ewes.

PMID- 3368521
TI  - Relevance of rhein excretion into breast milk.
AB  - The excretion of rhein, a laxatively active metabolite of sennosides, was
      investigated in 100 breast milk samples of 20 post-partum women after intake of a
      standardized senna laxative (Agiolax), which also contains seeds of Plantago
      ovata as bulk substances. After daily doses of 5 g of the senna laxative
      containing 15 mg sennosides for 3 days, the rhein concentration in milk samples
      from every lactation during 24 h post-dose varied between 0 and 27 ng/ml with
      values below 10 ng/ml in 94%. Based on median values, 0.007% of the sennoside
      intake (calculated as rhein) was excreted in breast milk. None of the breast-fed
      infants had an abnormal stool consistency. Assuming a (theoretical) complete
      metabolism of sennosides to rhein in the mother, the amount of rhein delivered to
      the infant (ng/kg b.w.) is by the factor 10(-3) below the rhein intake of the
      mother.

PMID- 3368522
TI  - Milk transfer of rhein in the rhesus monkey.
AB  - A HPLC method was developed to measure rhein, a laxatively active metabolite of
      sennosides A + B, in milk and plasma. Samples from 2 lactating rhesus monkeys
      were taken over 48 h after oral administration of sennosides (1 mg kg-1).
      Detectable rhein levels were found in plasma between 2 and 12 h and in milk
      between 4 and 12 h after administration, but rhein excretion in milk seems to be
      far below the dose necessary to elicit a laxative effect in the suckling
      offspring.

PMID- 3368523
TI  - Use of laxatives in clinical medicine.
AB  - This presentation discusses the use of laxatives in clinical medicine. As
      laxatives are used frequently in patients with constipation, the causes of
      constipation are reviewed including endocrine, colonic, neurogenic and drug
      induced etiologies. Laxatives are also used to eliminate fecal material prior to
      diagnostic studies. The problem of laxative abuse is also emphasized.

PMID- 3368524
TI  - Effect of sennosides on colon motility in cats.
AB  - The actions of sennosides on colonic motility are incompletely understood. We
      therefore studied the effects of sennosides A + B on colonic myoelectric activity
      and transit of a radio-opaque meal in 7 conscious cats. Intraduodenal application
      of sennosides (2 mg/kg body weight) accelerated the half colon transit time from
      60 +/- 10 (SEM) to 43 +/- 7 min. At the same time the ratio of long-spike bursts
      to short-spike bursts was changed from 0.22 to 10.1. Loperamide, an antidiarrheal
      agent, had the opposite effect. The overall spike activity was not altered by
      sennosides, but increased by loperamide. It is concluded that the propulsive
      action of sennosides in the colon is reflected by myoelectric patterns and not by
      the total number of spikes.

PMID- 3368525
TI  - Effect of sennosides and related compounds on intestinal transit in the rat.
AB  - The effect of pure sennosides A + B on large intestinal transit (LIT) was
      investigated in the rat. LIT was defined as the time from intracecal
      administration of a color marker through a chronically implanted catheter until
      first appearance of colored feces. Sennosides (50 mg/kg, administered orally 2-24
      h before the marker) reduced LIT from greater than 6 h in controls to a minimum
      of 30-20 min after a 4- or 6-hour pretreatment. Longer pretreatment times
      increased LIT again reaching normal values after 24 h. Intracecal administration
      of sennosides and their natural metabolites (sennidins A + B, rhein-9-anthrone,
      rhein) simultaneously with the marker accelerated LIT to approximately 50-70 min.
      The laxative effect was less pronounced after rhein compared with the other
      compounds. Indometacin, loperamide, and calcium-channel antagonists (verapamil,
      nifedipine) partially antagonized the effect of intracecal sennosides on LIT and
      delayed, but did not suppress, appearance of soft feces.

PMID- 3368526
TI  - In vitro effects of anthraquinones on rat intestine and uterus.
AB  - Isolated uterus and colon segments were taken from sennoside-pretreated female
      rats. They indicate a possible decrease in spontaneous contractility of both
      organ segments. Addition of rhein-Na, as one of the probable active metabolites
      of sennosides, into the bath medium of isolated colon and ileum segments of
      untreated rats showed a reduction in contractility at concentrations of more than
      10(-5) and 10(-4) mol/l, respectively. Though rhein-Na in concentrations of more
      than 10(-4) mol/l impaired acetylcholine-mediated contractures of isolated colon,
      the antagonism was obviously partial and noncompetitive. Isolated uteri from
      previously estrogen-treated rats did not show a change in the contractile
      behaviour up to concentrations of 10(-4) mol/l rhein-Na, whereas higher
      concentrations induced an increase in contractions. The importance of this
      finding is not clear.

PMID- 3368527
TI  - Combined manometric and radiological study of the changes in colonic motility
      induced by sennosides in rats.
AB  - Colonic motility changes induced by sennosides in rats were studied by an
      original method, which permits the simultaneous projection of manometric and
      fluoroscopic registrations on a single monitor. The results of this study allowed
      us to confirm the laxative effect of sennosides by inducing mass movements within
      60-80 min after intracecal administration leading to a complete emptying of the
      whole colon. These mass movements were preceded by hypotonia of cecum and colon
      and impeded pellet formation.

PMID- 3368528
TI  - Evidence against a dependence of the senna effect on prostaglandin formation.
AB  - The laxation induced by senna is not modified in rats either maintained on a diet
      deficient in essential fatty acids (EFAD) or exposed to cold (6 degrees C) or
      with yeast-induced fever. In light of our findings it appears conceivable that
      non-PG-mediated mechanism(s) play a relevant role in laxation induced by senna.

PMID- 3368529
TI  - Feeding evoked by electrical stimulation in collared lizards.
AB  - Feeding was evoked in collared lizards, Crotaphytus collaris, using electrical
      stimulation of the brain (ESB). Stimulation sites were tested in the forebrain
      and midbrain of 39 animals. Six stimulation loci were localized in the septal,
      preoptic, hypothalamic, and thalamic areas from which ESB feeding was evoked.
      Feeding could be elicited by ESB over several test days, but the number of
      feeding bouts per test session was usually low. However, several animals ate or
      approached food consistently when stimulated.

PMID- 3368530
TI  - Carbon disulfide: a semiochemical mediating socially-induced diet choice in rats.
AB  - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed the presence of both carbon
      disulfide (CS2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) on rat breath. Behavioral experiments
      indicated that rats exposed to an unfamiliar diet moistened with CS2, like rats
      exposed to an unfamiliar diet placed on the fur of an anesthetized rat,
      subsequently exhibited enhanced preference for the unfamiliar diet. Rats in
      experimental groups: (a) interacted for 30 min with a wad of cotton batting
      powdered with one of two unfamiliar foods (either Diet A or Diet B) and moistened
      with a dilute, aqueous CS2 solution, (b) ate Diets A and B in succession and
      finally, (c) were injected with LiCl. In a subsequent choice between Diets A and
      B, these rats exhibited a preference for whichever of the foods had been present
      on the cotton batting during (a). Rats in control groups were treated identically
      to those in experimental groups, except that the diet-coated cotton batting to
      which they were exposed was moistened with distilled water rather then CS2
      solution. Rats in control groups were not affected in their later diet choice by
      the food present on the cotton batting during (a). These data are consistent with
      the hypothesis that CS2 is a semiochemical that mediates social influence on diet
      selection in rats.

PMID- 3368531
TI  - Aldosterone reverses potassium-induced food aversions in adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - Young adult male rats were individually housed and given a standard ration (66
      ml) of a liquid diet (Nutrament) each day. The animals were divided into 7
      groups: five groups were bilaterally adrenalectomized (ADX) and given one of 5
      doses of aldosterone and/or dexamethasone by continuous, osmotic minipump
      infusions. The remaining two groups served as intact and sham operated controls.
      Each of the seven groups were subdivided into 3 dietary groups: a basal potassium
      dietary group, a moderately potassium-supplemented dietary group, and a highly
      potassium-supplemented dietary group. All rats with intact adrenals as well as
      those ADX rats given basal or 10 X basal aldosterone treatment consumed all of
      their allotted 66 ml of diet each day, independent of the level of potassium
      supplementation. ADX rats given little or no aldosterone treatment that were
      given access to the moderately or highly supplemented diets became anorexic,
      eating little or none of the diet. These data are discussed with reference to the
      factors controlling the intake of ADX rats.

PMID- 3368532
TI  - Exposure to light in healthy elderly subjects and Alzheimer's patients.
AB  - Exposure to light was recorded from 10 healthy elderly adults and 13 age-matched
      subjects with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). Data were recorded
      in the home, for an average of 5 days, while subjects continued their normal
      daily activities. Subjects were exposed to remarkably small intervals of
      illumination exceeding 2000 lux. Subjects with SDAT were exposed to bright light
      significantly less than healthy controls (0.5 vs. 1.0 hr). Whether or not they
      had SDAT, males were exposed to illumination exceeding 2000 lux significantly
      more than were females. Healthy elderly received about two-thirds the duration of
      bright light received by healthy younger subjects. These findings suggest an
      association between decreased exposure to bright light and the declines in sleep
      quality which typically accompany normal and pathological aging.

PMID- 3368533
TI  - Effects of lesions of the cerebellar vermis on VMH lesion-induced
      hyperdefensiveness, spontaneous mouse killing, and freezing in rats.
AB  - In a series of independent experiments, we showed that lesions of the vermis of
      the cerebellum in rats blocked the hyperdefensiveness induced by lesions of the
      ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), attenuated spontaneous mouse killing, and
      reduced unconditioned freezing and other signs of fear in the presence of a cat.
      The vermal lesions did not significantly affect foot-shock conditioned freezing.
      Control lesions of the cerebellar hemispheres did not affect VMH lesion-induced
      hyperdefensiveness or freezing in the presence of a cat. The hemispheric lesions
      did attenuate foot-shock conditioned freezing. The data are discussed in terms of
      the striking similarities and differences between the behavioral effects of
      cerebellar vermal lesions and amygdala lesions and the interaction of a number of
      brain areas in modulating agonistic behaviors. The results leave no doubt that
      the medial cerebellum is significantly involved in the control of species
      specific agonistic behaviors. The specific dimension of agonistic behaviors and
      the details of the interactions with other brain areas remain a puzzle which we
      approached here by expanding the behavioral profile of animals with lesions of
      the cerebellar vermis.

PMID- 3368534
TI  - Alteration in vomeronasal system anatomy in alcelaphine antelopes: correlation
      with alteration in chemosensory investigation.
AB  - Ruminants typically have an incisive papilla and incisive ducts located on the
      hard palate just behind the dental pad which are involved in transferring fluid
      borne stimulus material from the oral cavity to the vomeronasal organs (VNOs)
      during flehmen. This behavior in males is presumably involved in the detection of
      chemosensory cues in female urine which indicate sexual status. Two species of
      alcelaphine antelopes, topi and Coke's hartebeest, were found to lack the
      incisive papilla and incisive ducts constituting the oral connection to the VNOs.
      This distinctive anatomical feature is complemented in these species not only by
      lack of flehmen behavior, but also a de-emphasis on chemosensory interest in
      female urine during sexual encounters. The common wildebeest, which is also an
      alcelaphine antelope, lacks the incisive papilla, but has small incisive ducts.
      Wildebeest males do perform flehmen to urine from females. However, during
      flehmen in the wildebeest, intermittent nostril licking apparently delivers the
      stimulus material to the VNOs via the nasal route, possibly compensating for
      reduced oral access to the VNOs. These observations on alcelaphine antelopes
      would appear to represent a unique feature among the world's ruminants.

PMID- 3368535
TI  - Age changes in electrophysiological measures of the superior colliculus and
      occipital cortex.
AB  - Locomotor activity and electrophysiological recordings of the superior colliculus
      and the occipital cortex were measured for two age groups of rats (100-105 and
      230-235 days old) tested in ambient light and dark sensory conditions. Age
      differences in response to ambient illumination were observed in both behavioral
      and electrophysiological data. While no age differences were found for the
      superior colliculus data, cortical activity of the older rats differed from that
      found in the younger rats. These results are interpreted in terms of potential
      cortical development and arousal functions.

PMID- 3368536
TI  - A further analysis of the response suppression during stimulation of the septal
      area in the rat.
AB  - It was found that during low-frequency electrical stimulation of either the
      septal medial or lateral nucleus suppression of an operant response can occur
      without a stimulation-induced reward or aversion effect. Further, the behavior of
      rats during response suppression appeared to be the same as when they stopped
      responding without stimulation. These observations suggest that response
      suppression to low-frequency stimulation of the septal area is not due to
      production of some disruptive factor. In addition, as reported earlier with low
      frequency stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, stimulation of the septal area
      produces the strongest suppression of learned or unlearned responses that require
      the greatest effort. These data, along with the anatomical relationship between
      the septal area and the prefrontal cortex, are consistent with the hypothesis
      that the inhibitory influence of the septal area is mediated at least in part by
      way of the prefrontal cortex.

PMID- 3368537
TI  - Photoperiod, temperature and melatonin effects on thermoregulatory behavior in
      Djungarian hamsters.
AB  - Nesting and burrowing activity were measured in hamsters acclimated to either
      long or short day photoperiod in thermoneutrality and at 10 degrees C. Hamsters
      build larger nests under short day photoperiod or at 10 degrees C as compared to
      long day photoperiod or thermoneutrality. Both environmental cues contributed
      about 50% to a total increase in nest size from 1.8 g cotton/day to 7.7 g
      cotton/day (long day thermoneutral versus short day at 10 degrees C). Burrowing
      activity was suppressed by both cold or short day exposure. Daily melatonin
      injections, effective in inducing physiological short day adjustment under a long
      day photoperiod, also increased nesting scores. Hamsters which did not respond to
      short day conditions or to melatonin treatment physiologically lacked behavioral
      adjustments as well. Collectively, these results demonstrate analogies in the
      environmental control of physiological thermoregulatory adjustment and nesting
      behavior. Burrowing activity seems to be more related to reproductive needs than
      to thermoregulatory requirements in this hamster.

PMID- 3368538
TI  - Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and cholinergic control of female sexual
      behavior.
AB  - Ovariectomized female rats received bilateral electrolytic or sham lesions of the
      ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMNH). They were tested for sexual
      receptivity in response to estrogen (EB) and progesterone (P) treatment.
      Following this they were treated with a small dose of EB and tested for their
      response to intraventricular microinjection of a muscarinic cholinergic agonist
      or a vehicle solution. Those animals with lesions involving almost the entire
      extent of the VMNH displayed an impaired response to EB and P and to the agonist.
      Lesions which spared 30-50% of the anterior portion of the VMNH did not result in
      an impairment to EB and P or to the agonist. It is suggested that the disruption
      of the cholinergic induction of receptivity by such lesions was due either to
      destruction of estrogen receptors located in cell bodies in the VMNH which send
      projections to extrahypothalamic cholinergic neurons or to estrogen- and
      cholinergic-responsive cells intrinsic to the VMNH which are critical for the
      expression of sexual receptivity.

PMID- 3368539
TI  - Ablation of the geniculo-hypothalamic tract alters circadian activity rhythms of
      hamsters housed under constant light.
AB  - Retino-recipient cells in the hamster lateral geniculate nucleus project to the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus via the geniculo-hypothalamic tract (GHT). GHT-ablation
      alters phase advance shifts to light pulses in a hamster's late subjective night.
      In this study, the effects of GHT-ablation on wheel-running rhythms of hamsters
      housed under continuous illumination (LL) were assessed. In the first experiment,
      hamsters received GHT-ablation or sham surgery while under a light:dark schedule
      and were subsequently exposed to 250 days of LL. GHT-ablated hamsters showed
      rhythms with shorter periods and were less likely to show split activity rhythms
      than sham-operated or partial-lesion controls. In the second experiment, hamsters
      were housed under LL until rhythms split into two components; hamsters then
      received either GHT-ablation or sham surgery. Four of seven GHT-ablated hamsters
      showed re-fusion of their activity pattern into one component, while none of the
      eight sham-operated animals showed such re-fusion. The results of these two
      experiments indicate that GHT-ablation alters the responsiveness of the activity
      rhythm pacemaker to LL exposure.

PMID- 3368541
TI  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide increases passive avoidance latencies in rats.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injections of either 0.9% NaCl or cholecystokinin octapeptide
      (CCK-8) were paired with electrical footshock using a standard passive avoidance
      conditioning procedure for rats. Passive avoidance behavior was measured either
      24 or 48 hr following the conditioning. No CCK-8 effect upon passive avoidance
      behavior was observed at the 24 hr test, but CCK-8 (100 micrograms/kg and 200
      micrograms/kg) produced longer passive avoidance latencies at the 48 hr test.
      Control rats showed a decrease in passive avoidance latencies from 24 hr to 48
      hr, while the CCK-8 rats did not show such a trend.

PMID- 3368540
TI  - Plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone in the cycling rat: implications for the
      regulation of lordosis behavior.
AB  - Exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent inhibitor of
      sexual behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats and endogenous DHT has
      been implicated as an inhibitor of sexual behavior in cycling rats. To determine
      the temporal relationship between DHT levels and the expression of sexual
      behavior, females were tested at midnight of each day of the 4-day estrous cycle
      for lordosis response to male mounts and subsequently bled. Plasma DHT levels
      were highest (177 +/- 10 pg/ml) at proestrus (P), when lordosis was fully
      expressed, fell to significantly lower levels (136 +/- 8, p less than 0.025) at
      estrus (E), and rose at diestrus I and diestrus II (DII) (152 +/- 8 and 154 +/-
      10 respectively). Other female rats were bled from a jugular cannula at 4-hr
      intervals between midnight of DII and midnight of E. Plasma DHT was elevated from
      1200 of P to 0400 of E and fell rapidly through 0800 of E. This elevation of
      endogenous DHT coincides with the expression of lordosis behavior, and the
      magnitude of this peak is many times lower than the concentrations reached by the
      minimal exogenous dose that inhibits lordosis behavior. This suggests that cyclic
      changes of DHT in the peripheral circulation do not inhibit lordosis behavior
      during the estrous cycle.

PMID- 3368542
TI  - A simple device for estimating some behavioral and electrophysiological features
      of shelter-seeking motivation in the rat.
AB  - Motivational-emotional mechanisms were analyzed both by behavioral and
      electrophysiological methods. Rats were required to run along a straight runway
      alley (200 cm long) from a small, illuminated "starting plate" on one end to a
      dimly lit box on the other. The animal was hand-carried from the box to the
      starting plate and then it returned to the box without any additional
      reinforcement. Such locomotor reaction was acquired very quickly and could
      subsequently be evoked over several months. The behavioral effects of isolated
      changes in the experimental design were tested. The typical picture of the
      hippocampal RSA, during such motivational reactions was recorded.

PMID- 3368543
TI  - Parental behavior in the cycle of aggression.
AB  - In the study described here, a longitudinal, prospective approach was used to
      compare men who had been raised by aggressive, by punitive, and by neither
      aggressive nor punitive parents. The purpose of these comparisons was to attempt
      to identify processes that might account for intergenerational transmission of
      antisocial behavior. Men who had been reared in aggressive families tended to be
      expressive as well as to commit crimes. Men reared by punitive parents showed a
      tendency to be egocentric. I therefore suggest that parental aggressiveness may
      be transmitted through two messages. The first is the message that expressive
      behavior, including injurious actions, is normal and often justified. The second
      is the message that egocentrism is both normal and virtuous.

PMID- 3368544
TI  - The role of parental disciplinary practices in the development of depression and
      alcoholism.
AB  - Awareness of child abuse has been growing over the past several decades as more
      cases have come to the attention of medical personnel and school and police
      authorities. Information-gathering systems have become more effective, and the
      long-term deleterious effects of abusive treatment have been brought into focus
      (American Humane Association 1981; Strauss et al. 1980). Cases which come to the
      attention of the authorities probably represent only the most blatant and severe
      instances of abuse. However, since Kempke and colleagues (1962) originally
      described the "battered child syndrome," descriptions of child abuse have been
      broadened to include maltreatment other than physical abuse resulting in injury
      (Martinez-Roig et al. 1983; Smith and Hanson 1974; Wolff 1981). Indeed, Strauss
      and colleagues contend that even mild forms of physical punishment should be
      considered abusive because they would be illegal if directed toward adults or
      strangers. The current paper examines retrospectively the relationship between
      disciplinary practices experienced in childhood, both mild and severe, and the
      experience of major depressive episodes and alcoholism in adulthood in a general
      population sample, in whom disorder tends to be untreated and mild.

PMID- 3368545
TI  - Family attitudes and patient social adjustment in a longitudinal study of
      outpatient schizophrenics receiving low-dose neuroleptics: the family's view.
AB  - Adverse effects of neuroleptic medication have led to the attempt to develop
      alternative strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia, but it is generally
      conceded that these strategies may have their own negative outcomes in the form
      of symptom exacerbation, reduced social performance and worsened family
      interactions. This paper examines the effect of one such strategy, low doses of
      medication, on the social adjustment of and family response to chronic
      schizophrenic outpatients. Patients who were randomly assigned to either a low
      dose or standard-dose condition were rated by their families on various aspects
      of social adjustment. Despite a considerably higher relapse rate in the low-dose
      condition, families reported patients in the low-dose condition to be no poorer
      in their social adjustment than standard-dose patients. In addition, families of
      low-dose patients were more satisfied with their patients' overall level of
      adjustment and were no more rejecting at endpoint than families of standard-dose
      patients. Low-dose patients were viewed even more favorably when patients who
      relapsed were excluded from the analysis. Negative family attitudes, particularly
      rejection, measured at study entry, were found to predict time to relapse in the
      low-dose group. Implications for treatment and family intervention are discussed.

PMID- 3368546
TI  - Familial links between schizophrenia and other disorders: application of the
      multifactorial polygenic model.
AB  - A substantial number of patients do not meet diagnostic criteria for
      schizophrenia yet exhibit psychotic phenomena characteristic of that disorder
      (e.g., schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, paranoid disorder,
      atypical psychosis). The relationship between schizophrenia and these disorders
      is poorly understood. This paper describes how the two-threshold multifactorial
      model of familial transmission can be applied to test the hypothesis that these
      disorders share a multifactorial etiology with schizophrenia. The procedure is
      illustrated using data from a blind family study of the major psychoses. Results
      support the hypothesis that the disorders under examination share a common
      multifactorial familial etiology. Methodological issues are discussed along with
      suggestions for future research in this area.

PMID- 3368547
TI  - Assortative mating and affective disorders: psychopathology in offspring.
AB  - Familial aggregation has been frequently observed among probands with depression,
      anxiety disorders, and alcoholism (Gershon et al. 1976; Goodwin et al. 1973;
      Crowe et al. 1983). Because of the familial nature of these disorders, offspring
      of such probands have been identified to be at high risk for developing these
      illnesses themselves (Tarter 1983). Information regarding such risk has come from
      several sources: retrospective studies of patients with psychiatric disorders;
      studies of children whose parents are being treated for these disorders; and
      longitudinal follow-up studies of children with symptoms of the disorder.

PMID- 3368548
TI  - Assortative mating in schizophrenia: results from the Copenhagen High-Risk Study.
AB  - Assortative mating denotes a tendency for mated pairs to be more similar for some
      phenotypic trait (similar constitution) than would be the case if the choice of a
      partner occurred at random. Assortative mating occurs for a variety of physical
      (e.g., anthropometric variables) and psychological traits (e.g., IQ), including
      mental illness (Vandenberg 1972). Several studies have shown an excess of married
      couples suffering from a variety of psychiatric syndromes as compared to the
      frequency expected on the basis of noncontingent admissions into treatment
      facilities (Kreitman 1962, 1964, 1968; Nielsen 1964), a finding confirmed in a
      community study by Hagnell and Kreitman (1974). A recent review of the research
      literature (Merikangas 1982) concluded that there exists a true primary
      assortative mating for mental illness. This conclusion is strongly supported by
      the demonstration of an increased prevalence of mental disorders in the spouses'
      first-degree relatives (Slater and Woodside 1951; Guze et al. 1970; Cloninger et
      al. 1975; Gershon et al. 1973; Merikangas et al., in this issue.

PMID- 3368549
TI  - Matched pair of siblings concordant for 46,XY hermaphroditism with female sex
      assignment, and discordant for erotosexual outcome.
AB  - The two siblings in this comparison constitute a matched pair on the basis of
      concordance not only for prenatal history and diagnosis but also for assigned sex
      as girls, and for spontaneous hormonal puberty that was not feminizing, but
      masculinizing. They were further concordant in being surgically and hormonally
      feminized, with their own informed consent, early in adolescence. Subsequently,
      they became discordant, for the younger one has lived continuously as a woman,
      with a feminine gender-identity/role (G-I/R) socially and erotosexually, whereas
      the older one became self-reassigned to live as a man with a masculine G-I/R
      socially and erotosexually, hormonally supported on testosterone replacement
      therapy. Flattening of the chest was readily accomplished by plastic surgery, but
      phalloplasty was not attempted, primarily because of the technical obstacles and,
      to a lesser extent, the cost.

PMID- 3368550
TI  - Differential adjustment of Ashkenazi versus Sephardi Jews to a forced relocation:
      the Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai.
AB  - This report focuses on a set of findings regarding differential adjustment
      patterns of Ashkenazi (Western) versus Sephardi (Oriental) Jews when faced with a
      stressful life event. The event in question was the wholesale evacuation of the
      Israeli Sinai community of Ophira (Sharm-el-Sheik in Arabic) when the Sinai was
      handed over to Egyptian control in March 1982. Immediately prior to the
      evacuation, the authors went down to Ophira to carry out a study of patterns of
      psychosocial adjustment of community residents designed to assess the
      relationships between individual coping styles, personal network characteristics,
      levels of psychological distress, and adequacy of social adjustment. Data were
      collected from a sample of 66 adult civilian community residents (31 men; 35
      women), a sample that by coincidence was composed of two reputedly quite
      different ethnic subgroups: Israeli-born Jews whose parents were of European
      origin; and "Oriental" Jews, i.e., immigrants from Moslem countries. This
      fortuitous mix allowed us to carry out the analyses exploring ethnic differences
      in adjustment and their possible causes that are to be presented in this paper.

PMID- 3368551
TI  - [Religion--the last taboo? On the displacement of religiosity].

PMID- 3368552
TI  - [Cerebromotor movement disorder and psychosocial stress--a retrospective study of
      mothers of children with cerebromotor movement disorders].

PMID- 3368553
TI  - [Significance of mitral valve prolapse in the pathogenesis of cardiac anxiety
      neurosis].

PMID- 3368554
TI  - [Findings in studies of 104 victims of violence--contribution to the diagnosis of
      psychoanalytic victimology].

PMID- 3368555
TI  - [Personality markers and perception of relevant persons in compulsive and phobic
      persons].

PMID- 3368556
TI  - [Case demonstrations in psychiatry--considerations on the feelings of the patient
      and indications].

PMID- 3368557
TI  - Presidential address. A new challenge for the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine.

PMID- 3368558
TI  - Subspecialization in psychiatry is a necessity.

PMID- 3368559
TI  - Subspecialization in psychiatry may fragment the profession.

PMID- 3368560
TI  - Identifying depression in the old old.

PMID- 3368561
TI  - The risky use of the MMPI hostility scale in assessing risk for coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 3368562
TI  - The MMPI as an aid in evaluating patients with premenstrual syndrome.

PMID- 3368563
TI  - Doxepin in the treatment of nicotine withdrawal.

PMID- 3368564
TI  - The emergence of medical psychiatry: a provocative viewpoint.

PMID- 3368565
TI  - Psychiatric diagnosis and treatment following spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3368566
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in multiple sclerosis. Possible masking effects of
      antispasmodics.

PMID- 3368567
TI  - Psychological misinterpretations in the diagnosis of acute dystonia.

PMID- 3368568
TI  - Suicide and AIDS.

PMID- 3368569
TI  - Brief psychotherapy with a patient suffering from Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 3368570
TI  - Doxepin-cholestyramine interaction.

PMID- 3368571
TI  - Oral facial dystonia triggered by speech.

PMID- 3368572
TI  - Night terror secondary to febrile illness.

PMID- 3368573
TI  - Atypical neuroleptics in mania.

PMID- 3368574
TI  - Nurses testify as hostile witnesses.

PMID- 3368575
TI  - Polygraph tests for nurses ordered. Case in point: Marsh v. Lake Forest Hospital
      (519 N.E. 2d 504 (1988)).

PMID- 3368576
TI  - Blowing the whistle on co-workers. Case in point: Gay v. William Hill Manor (536
      A. 2d 690(1988)).

PMID- 3368577
TI  - A pictorial and radiographic guide for identification of prosthetic heart valve
      devices.

PMID- 3368578
TI  - Harmony Fellowships: a proposal for a new prestigious program to promote
      reciprocal biotechnology and cultural exchanges.

PMID- 3368579
TI  - Distribution and characterisation of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in rat
      brain and intestine and in guinea pig intestine.
AB  - Neuromedin U-8 (NMU-8) is a peptide isolated from porcine spinal cord which
      contracts blood vessels and the uterus. Antisera were raised against NMU-8 and
      used in a radioimmunoassay (RIA) together with HPLC to characterize NMU-like
      immunoreactivity (NMU-LI) in tissues extracts of rat brain and gut and guinea pig
      gut. Samples of duodenum, ileum and distal colon were taken from both species,
      and processed for detection of NMU-LI by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. In
      RIA the antiserum had no cross-reactivity with neuropeptide Y, vasoactive
      intestinal peptide or the C-terminal hexapeptide of pancreatic polypeptide.
      Preincubation of antiserum with any of these peptides had no effect on the NMU-LI
      staining. In rats the highest content of NMU-LI was found in the ileum and the
      lowest in the cerebral cortex and striatum. HPLC studies showed that at least two
      molecular forms of NMU-LI were present in both species. In rat small intestine,
      subpopulations of submucous and myenteric neurones were stained; nerve fibres and
      terminals within these ganglia and in the mucosa were also seen. NMU-LI was
      sparse in the muscle. In guinea pig ileum small populations of nerve terminals
      were seen in both myenteric and submucous ganglionated plexuses. No endocrine
      cells were stained in either species.

PMID- 3368580
TI  - Neuropeptide Y in guinea pig, rabbit, rat and man. Identical amino acid sequence
      and oxidation of methionine-17.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was isolated and characterised from acid-ethanol extracts of
      rabbit and guinea pig brain. In both instances the chromatographic purification
      was a two-step procedure of gel filtration followed by reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of rabbit and guinea
      pig NPY was found to be identical to human and rat NPY as deduced from the cDNA
      structures. With the exception of the porcine peptide, all mammalian NPYs
      characterised to date have a methionine residue in position 17. This methionine
      residue is readily oxidized as indicated by the high degree of spontaneous
      oxidation of peptides found in the rabbit and guinea pig brain extracts and in
      NPY extracted from a rat phaeochromocytoma cell line. It is concluded that NPY is
      among the most highly conserved peptides and that NPYs containing methionine in
      position 17 are prone to oxidation.

PMID- 3368581
TI  - Involvement of the hypothalamus in opiate-stimulated prolactin secretion.
AB  - Administration of opiate agonists to rats is known to elevate plasma prolactin,
      an effect which is antagonised by the opiate antagonist naloxone. However, this
      appears not to be a result of a direct action at the pituitary gland. We report
      here that opiate agonists stimulate prolactin secretion from isolated
      adenohypophysial cells when they are coincubated with hypothalamic fragments.
      Both morphine and Met-enkephalin stimulated prolactin secretion by 1.84 fold and
      1.50 fold respectively, and this was antagonised by naloxone. These findings
      support the hypothesis that one site of action of opioid compounds on pituitary
      hormone secretion is at the level of hypothalamus.

PMID- 3368583
TI  - Dose, content, risk: can we instruct the public?

PMID- 3368582
TI  - Hepatic metabolism of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the rat.
AB  - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is released into the portal circulation
      by a meal stimulus, but is rapidly cleared from plasma. Although it is known to
      bind to receptors on liver cells, the role of the liver in the clearance of VIP
      is not clearly defined. We therefore studied the disappearance of VIP in
      recirculating and in single pass isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparations.
      Disappearance of added VIP was rapid in recirculating IPRL experiments with a
      half life of ca. 30 min. In single-pass steady-state studies in which livers were
      perfused at 16 ml/min for 30 min, clearance of VIP was complete (16 ml/min) at
      concentrations of 500 fmol/ml, but clearance fell to 3 and 1 ml/min at perfusate
      concentrations of 8 and 40 pmol/ml respectively. Further experiments to evaluate
      whether VIP was disappearing in perfusate itself demonstrated substantial
      metabolism of VIP in perfusate which had previously been circulated through a
      liver for 90 min. The products of metabolism were identical to those found in the
      IPRL. We conclude that VIP is rapidly cleared as it passes through the isolated
      perfused rat liver model with a significant proportion of clearance attributable
      to release of a peptidase from the liver into the perfusate.

PMID- 3368584
TI  - Cytogenetic examination of people working with agrochemicals in the southern
      region of Hungary.
AB  - The team performed medical examinations, including cytogenetic examinations, on
      55 people working professionally with agrochemicals in eight farmers'
      cooperatives of County Csongrad in the southern region of Hungary. The people
      exposed to spraying in a closed space showed no increase in chromosome
      aberrations. There was an increase in chromosome aberrations in workers exposed
      to these agrochemicals in open fields. No conclusions regarding workers' health
      can be drawn from these data. Regulations designed to prevent accidents with
      agrochemicals are more effective for closed spaces than for the open fields.

PMID- 3368585
TI  - Environmental risk assessment of surfactants: fate and environmental effects in
      Lake Biwa basin.
AB  - Environmental risk incurred with the use of synthetic surfactants is dealt with
      in this paper. The background and necessity of risk management related to
      surfactant usage in the Lake Biwa basin are introduced, as well as a research
      scheme that acknowledges risks in three sub-processes--consumption and discharge,
      fate in aquatic environment, and ecotoxicological response of linear alkylbenzene
      sulfonate (LAS). The ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) has been selected as the
      significant biological target in the basin. Results of a field survey of the
      behavior of LAS along streams flowing down to the lake are presented. Included
      are the estimation and verification of an original unit of surfactant consumption
      per capita per day based on LAS and MBAS concentrations observed in diurnal
      monitoring. A simulation model representing the flowdown process of LAS
      dynamically is formulated, with which longitudinal dispersion, settling, and
      modified biodegradation of LAS are evaluated in the field survey. On the basis of
      the research scheme described above, ecotoxicological laboratory tests on ayu
      have been carried out. The special significance of acute and subchronic effects
      on ayu in various life stages exposed to low concentrations of LAS can be
      recognized. It has been concluded that the LC50 of young ayu is not greater than
      0.1 ppm under the disadvantageous condition of high temperature or extreme
      hardness even in normal ranges of environmental indicators. An advanced plan of
      risk management for surfactant usage is proposed based on methods of elevated
      risk, comparative risk, risk--benefit, and balanced risk. The occurrence and
      magnitude of risk phenomena in each subdivided basin adjacent to the lake are
      identified, taking into consideration features such as (1) the spawning place of
      ayu and aquafarms, (2) COD and MBAS concentrations and their tolerable levels in
      current regulation of stream pollution, (3) socioeconomic perspectives including
      recreational activities and voluntary actions to improve the neighborhood
      environment, and (4) future preparation of measures for resolving technological
      risk including sewerage construction. Because LAS concentrations in several
      rivers exceed the tolerable level of the most delicate life stage of ayu, latent
      environmental effects can be suggested. It is concluded therefore that it is
      necessary to establish a water quality goal related to surfactants that takes
      patterns of water use and conservation of the ecosystem in the local environment
      into consideration. These judgments are followed by formulation of the
      "requirement" for environmental management practice for the Lake Biwa
      administration.

PMID- 3368586
TI  - Acceptable daily intake: inception, evolution, and application.
AB  - The acceptable daily intake (ADI) approach to toxicological evaluation was
      initiated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 1961. The
      procedure involves collecting all relevant data, ascertaining the completeness of
      the available data, determining the no-effect level using the most sensitive
      indicator of the toxicity, and applying an appropriate safety factor to arrive at
      the ADI for man. This procedure was also adopted by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting of
      Experts on Pesticide Residues later in 1961. In the ensuing years, hundreds of
      food additives and pesticide residues have been evaluated and reevaluated by
      these two international expert groups. The ADIs, used nationally and
      internationally in the elaboration of food standards, have proved satisfactory in
      permitting the judicious use of these chemicals and in protecting the health of
      the consumer. The success of this endeavor over the years can be attributed to
      the dedication and hard work of the many international experts involved as well
      as to the cooperation of the chemical industry in submitting all relevant
      published and unpublished data. It is envisaged that this approach will continue
      to be followed in evaluating and reevaluating additives, pesticides, and
      contaminants, and that it will likely be extended to other situations where
      toxicological evaluation forms the scientific basis of control measures.

PMID- 3368587
TI  - The perils of prudence: how conservative risk assessments distort regulation.
AB  - An analysis of several agencies' risk assessments reveals that the present
      conservative approach through several stages of estimates of amounts of regulated
      substances, the exposure levels, and cancer risks often tends to distort the
      actual final regulation. Changes in this process are desirable and possible and
      would reduce overestimation of cancer risk assessments. These possible changes
      are discussed.

PMID- 3368588
TI  - Methodology for assessing hazards of contaminants in seafood.

PMID- 3368590
TI  - [Intrafamily spread of the hepatitis B virus].

PMID- 3368589
TI  - [Lipid parameters of 2 young populations with different types of physical
      activity].

PMID- 3368591
TI  - [Multiple neoplasms. Study of 36 cases of a series of autopsies (1966-1985)].

PMID- 3368592
TI  - [Increase in the fibrinolytic activity in patients with hyperlipoproteinemias
      type IV treated with bezafibrate].

PMID- 3368593
TI  - [Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. Problems and cautions].

PMID- 3368594
TI  - [2 familial cases of Sjogren syndrome associated with cryoglobulinemia and
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3368595
TI  - [Upper mediastinal mass in a 52-year-old woman].

PMID- 3368596
TI  - [Medical specialty clinics. A system of selection and protection of basic general
      hospitals].

PMID- 3368597
TI  - [Epidemiological surveillance of nosocomial infections with sampling technics].

PMID- 3368598
TI  - [Reduction of tumor size and clinical normalization of a macroprolactinoma during
      chronic treatment with bromocriptine].

PMID- 3368599
TI  - [Central spinal cord injury syndrome after vertebral angiography].

PMID- 3368600
TI  - [Pneumonitis caused by amiodarone, changing pulmonary infiltrates].

PMID- 3368601
TI  - [Functioning black adenoma].

PMID- 3368602
TI  - [Neurologic manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae].

PMID- 3368603
TI  - [Swiss interregional epidemiologic study of the risk of cancer in the
      contralateral breast].
AB  - This epidemiologic investigation in three Swiss regions (Geneva, St. Gall
      Appenzell, Vaud) included 5,193 women diagnosed as having a first primary breast
      cancer. The patients were followed up for ten years (the observation totalled
      24,994 women-years). Overall, these results confirmed that the relative risk of a
      second breast cancer was greatly increased during the first year following the
      primary diagnosis, but this was largely due to simultaneously discovered
      contralateral tumours. Beyond the first year of follow-up, the relative risk of a
      second tumour was lower but still significantly greater than unity. No
      significant diminution of the excess risk was observed in the first 10 years of
      follow-up. Relative risk of a second breast cancer was generally higher before
      age 50, independently of the latency. The relative risk of a second breast cancer
      differed significantly from one region to another, possibly due to specific
      techniques of registration.

PMID- 3368604
TI  - Bladder cancer and asbestos in Spain.
AB  - The relationship between bladder cancer and occupational exposure to asbestos was
      investigated between 1978 and 1982 at La Paz Hospital in Madrid in a case-control
      study conducted among 353 male patients and 53 women with a diagnosis of
      urothelium carcinoma, and among an equal number of controls matched in age
      (decade of life), sex and date of admission to the hospital. The results showed
      that bladder cancer is associated with occupational exposure to asbestos.

PMID- 3368605
TI  - Trends in cancer mortality in Switzerland, 1951-1984.
AB  - Trends in overall age-standardized, truncated (35-64 years) and age-specific (40
      to 49) cancer death certification rates in Switzerland from 1951 to 1984 were
      analysed. There was a substantial rise in lung cancer mortality in males, with an
      over 100% increase in overall rates. Thus, in the early 1980's, lung cancer alone
      accounted for 26% of all cancer deaths in Swiss males. However, male lung cancer
      rates tended to level off in subsequent cohorts starting from younger middle age
      in the late 1960's. In females, lung cancer mortality was approximately ten times
      lower than in males, but rates had been consistently rising since the late 1960's
      in all age groups. Declines were observed for several neoplasms of the digestive
      tract: besides stomach (overall decline 68% in males, 77% in females), trends
      were markedly downwards also for oesophageal cancer in males (-57%), and there
      was some moderate fall for intestinal sites in both sexes and gallbladder in
      females. Several trends for other common neoplasms were similar to those observed
      in other developed countries, such as the declines for (cervix) uteri, the
      general stability for breast cancer, or the increases in pancreatic cancer and
      (melanoma) of the skin. A peculiar feature of Swiss data, besides the marked
      decline in oesophageal cancer in males, was the consistent downward trend in
      thyroid cancer for both sexes. Thus, overall age-standardized total cancer
      mortality over the last three decades was moderately upwards in Swiss males, but
      consistently downwards in females. Male trends were more reassuring in middle
      age, chiefly in consequence of the flattening in lung cancer rises. Possible
      interpretations of these trends in terms of aetiological hypotheses (i.e.,
      changes in alcohol drinking and improvements in diet for oesophageal cancer, or
      reduced prevalence of iodine deficiency for thyroid neoplasms) are discussed.

PMID- 3368606
TI  - [Sero-epidemiologic study of 277 cases of human leptospirosis in the central
      eastern region of France between 1972 and 1984].
AB  - We reported 277 clinical cases of Leptospirosis with a significant serological
      title (greater than 100) by lyse-agglutination. Sera were sampled from 1972 to
      1984 among 9182 subjects living in Central-Eastern departments of France) for
      immunological diagnosis of leptospirosis. We noted the stability of the average
      yearly rate in this region, the difficulty in evaluating the incidence of the
      disease, the clinical predominance of icterus and the good clinical prognosis
      with specific antibiotherapy.

PMID- 3368607
TI  - [Social and health care factors and perinatal mortality in Spain--ecological
      study].
AB  - The results of the multiple regression and correlation analysis between perinatal
      mortality and social and health care variables in Spanish provinces between 1975
      and 1979 are presented. Although the perinatal mortality rates of Spanish
      provinces correlate significantly with a series of socioeconomic variables
      (family income available per capita, percentage of active population in primary
      sector, educational level of women at childbearing age) and health care variables
      (active obstetricians per 1000 live births and active pediatricians per 1000 live
      births), the multiple correlation and regression analysis has shown that the most
      important variable is the family income available per capita: 44% of the
      variability of perinatal mortality in Spanish provinces can be accounted for by
      this factor. By regression analysis, it is also possible to predict a decrease of
      0.065 points in perinatal mortality for every additional 1000 pesetas in the
      family income available per capita.

PMID- 3368608
TI  - [Anonymity in epidemiological surveys: study and initiation of a new method].
AB  - The authors propose a system of registering epidemiological data which ensures
      strict observation of anonymity. Data are made anonymous at the source: the
      practitioners who possess the medically confidential information themselves
      compute the code number creating anonymity through a nonreversible calculation
      formula: it is impossible to work back from the number to the patient's identity,
      even if one has the formula and powerful computer resources. This method differs
      from simple data encoding whose key could either be discovered or revealed: it
      requires neither keys nor a secret but effects a definitive and irreversible
      transformation. In compliance with the recommendations of the committee on
      Ethics, of the French "Ordre des Medecins" and of the Law on Data Processing and
      Liberties, the method was subjected to a double test for reliability,
      experimental and theoretical.

PMID- 3368609
TI  - [Correlate non-Gaussian measurement].
AB  - A general approach for measuring correlation in non-normal populations is
      presented. Two ways of tackling the problem are considered. The first relies on
      an explicit parametric model and some non-elementary notions from probability
      theory. The second, which relies on a wide class of bivariate laws of which the
      bivariate normal one is a special case, is very simple to put into practice.

PMID- 3368610
TI  - [Attitude of French general physicians to surveillance of transmissible
      diseases].
AB  - A survey was conducted among 450 French general practitioners in order to learn
      the attitude of GPs concerning the surveillance of communicable diseases. From a
      list of 15 such diseases, 406 respondents indicated those they considered
      important for surveillance. Viral hepatitis was the first choice, being
      considered important for surveillance by 68% of the practitioners. Also, 48%
      believe that surveillance of influenza is important. The proportions remain the
      same whatever the age or the region of the practitioners. The homogeneity of the
      answers underscores the feasibility of having a reliable national system of
      surveillance for these diseases. Tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases
      other than syphilis (which shares second place with influenza) and measles (in
      fourth place), diminish importantly among the GPs' selections as their age rises,
      thus calling our attention to the role experience plays in the choices and, very
      probably, to the nature of their clientele. Neither prevalence nor the gravity of
      diseases appears to have been the only factor governing choices; on the other
      hand, the complexity of the disease and the utility of surveillance appear to be
      decisive factors in their choices. Hence, those who report having seen at least
      one case of a disease during the previous year are more numerous in citing the
      disease as important for surveillance.

PMID- 3368611
TI  - [A network of epidemiological information in community medicine practice:
      methodological principles of the VENUS Program].
AB  - Implementation of epidemiological studies involving the participation of large
      networks of ambulatory care physicians requires prior resolution of the
      methodological dilemma between a "volunteer sentinel doctors" approach and one
      based on sampling techniques. A study of the VENUS program (concerning Sexually
      Transmitted Diseases) illustrates this latter approach for which formulae are
      proposed for estimating the rate of incidence in the population. Methodological
      implications of this technique are commented upon, and the complementary
      indications for the two techniques for gathering information on ambulatory
      morbidity are discussed.

PMID- 3368612
TI  - Seroepidemiology of adenovirus in normal subjects from Buenos Aires (Argentina)

PMID- 3368613
TI  - [Topical differences in the electric changes in the ischemic area in the in situ
      heart in hogs].

PMID- 3368614
TI  - [Complex hydatid cyst of the myocardium with subpulmonary obstruction].

PMID- 3368615
TI  - [Chronic quadrivalvular cardiopathy].

PMID- 3368616
TI  - [Registry of myocardial infarcts and unstable anginas hospitalized in Barcelona
      (II). The quality of community care].

PMID- 3368617
TI  - [Medium-term course of patients over 65 with acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3368618
TI  - [The role of M-mode echocardiography in the prediction of hemodynamic
      complications in infectious endocarditis].

PMID- 3368619
TI  - [Primary tumors of the heart. Study of 15 cases with 2-dimensional
      echocardiography].

PMID- 3368620
TI  - [Changes in the surgical approach to the management of aortic coarctation or
      hypoplasia with interventricular communication].

PMID- 3368621
TI  - [Cardiac hydatidosis: apropos of 10 cases surgically treated].

PMID- 3368622
TI  - [Osmometry and free water in cirrhotic patients].

PMID- 3368623
TI  - [Early or delayed operations in acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 3368624
TI  - [Evaluation of a type of lymphokine as a cholestatic factor].

PMID- 3368625
TI  - [Spontaneous intestinal perforation in Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3368627
TI  - [The infrequent occurrence of pancreatic hydatid cyst].

PMID- 3368626
TI  - [Duodenal vascular compression].

PMID- 3368628
TI  - [Northern Thoracic Pathology Society. Lille, 11 April 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3368630
TI  - [St. Etienne seminar on pneumology. Saint-Etienne, 30 May 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3368629
TI  - [Annual meeting, Association of Pneumonologists, Thoracic Society of Quebec.
      Quebec, 2-3 October 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3368631
TI  - [The role of the soft palate in respiration].
AB  - The soft palate is a muscular fold suspended from the posterior border of the
      bony palate and extending downwards and backwards into the oropharynx. Usually,
      the soft palate and tongue are in tight apposition, closing the oropharyngeal
      isthmus; the soft palate can however rise and touch the posterior pharyngeal
      wall, closing the nasopharynx: thus the soft palate regulates the flow of air
      through nose and/or mouth. During oronasal breathing (as during exercise, speech
      or smoking) the impedance of naso and oropharynx respectively is determined by
      the position of the soft palate. Hence partitioning of the airflow through nose
      and mouth will depend on the latter. This is true in both adults and babies.
      Babies are not obligatory nasal breathers (as was previously thought). This
      applies as well as to near miss for sudden infant death syndrome babies. The soft
      palate is also involved in the genesis of snoring and the sleep apnea syndrome.

PMID- 3368632
TI  - [Prevention of infections in chronic bronchitis using vaccination and/or
      immunomodulation].
AB  - Polyvalent antimicrobial vaccines have been widely used in chronic bronchitis for
      nearly fifty years without their effect or mechanism of action always being well
      understood. The polysaccharide vaccines, in particular pneumococcal, are better
      defined chemically and in their mode of action. However, it does not seem that
      ordinary chronic bronchitis is a good indication for these vaccines. The
      immunomodulators, extracts of the cell wall of certain bacteria, are aimed at
      increasing the host's defence capacity in a non-specific manner. The addition of
      ribosomes may favour specific and non-specific immunomodulation. Certain vaccines
      have shown their efficacy in reduction of infective episodes in chronic
      bronchitis. However, other studies ought to be undertaken to obtain purified
      products which are not toxic and are yet more effective. Finally, it is necessary
      to have better knowledge of the mode of administration and of the doses
      administered corresponding to the optimal efficacy of the vaccines.

PMID- 3368633
TI  - [Mucoviscidosis: a genetic disease of adulthood].
AB  - Mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis of the pancreas) is the most frequent lethal
      genetic disorder in the white race. It is an autosomal recessive transmission. In
      spite of its recent localisation on the 7th chromosome, the fundamental mechanism
      responsible for the symptoms remains unknown and it is still a syndrome more than
      a disease. It presents as a generalised seromucous exocrinopathy. The serous
      glands are functionally abnormal and have secretions too rich in chloride which
      allows for the sweat test (the only test of diagnostic value). The accumulation
      of abnormal mucous secretions is responsible for the clinical manifestations:
      intestinal troubles, bronchial and pulmonary disease, progressive pancreatic
      insufficiency and biliary cirrhosis. Mucoviscidosis is not longer a disease
      exclusively of children. The treatment which is solely symptomatic has profoundly
      changed the prognosis. Half of the children afflicted become adults. This fact
      and the better condition of diagnosis explain the appearance of a new
      symptomatology sometimes with a late presentation. On the basis of the genetic
      and prognostic implications one should consider the diagnosis at any age even if
      the general state is well conserved. The diagnosis rests on the association of
      suggestive symptoms and a disturbed sweat test. In the adult the presenting signs
      are always respiratory, more rarely digestive, and sometimes sterility. These
      associations are very suggestive. The current evolution requires a specific
      clinical management of new adult cases who, even if not in a very good clinical
      state, maintains a vital hope for several years with symptomatic treatment (and
      the hope perhaps that the discovery of the fundamental defect will lead to more
      specific therapy).

PMID- 3368634
TI  - [Medical history of severe respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - To evaluate retrospectively health care in severe chronic respiratory failure, we
      interviewed 38 patients, admitted for the first time to a pulmonary intensive
      care unit for an acute episode. A standardised questionnaire was devoted to
      establishing if the patients were aware of chronic respiratory disease prior to
      admission, if they had visited a general practitioner or a chest clinic, and had
      undergone a lung function evaluation. Six patients were unaware of any
      respiratory disease prior to the acute episode. Six others realised they had
      suffered from a respiratory disease, but had failed to visit a physician. Among
      the remaining 26 patients, two-thirds had visited a chest physician. Fourteen of
      them had undergone spirometry and arterial blood gas measurements. One third had
      visited a general practitioner but spirometry was performed in only 3 and
      arterial blood gas analysis in only 1. Thus, chronic respiratory failure is
      sometimes ignored, and most of the time diagnosed with delay and inadequately
      evaluated.

PMID- 3368636
TI  - [Results of an educational program on the autonomy of patients tracheotomized for
      chronic respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - In 1984 an educational programme was drawn up for patients with chronic
      respiratory failure and tracheotomies (IRCT) aimed at their obtaining
      independence and self-sufficiency. A prospective evaluation was made in parallel
      with the diary cards of the nurses (SI) measuring the level of dependence of
      care, defined by 15 characteristics and based on objective and analysable data.
      After excluding those patients who are already independent (22), decreased or
      transferred on account of decompensation (23) or removal of the tracheostomy tube
      (27), 92 patients (46 obstructive and 46 restrictive) coming from 31 centres of
      respiratory care or intensive care were studied between January 1985 and December
      1986: 17 patients were bed-ridden and non-educable and were used as control
      subjects (T), and 75 patients entered the educational programme. For the results
      3 different categories were defined: 1. Success (S): complete self-sufficiency
      for all care and the maintenance of the equipment, 2. A partial result (RP) with
      complete independence of the patient but only with stimulation where the patients
      aspirate by themselves but do not change the tubing and/or do not maintain the
      equipment, 3. Failure (E): no autonomy. Success was obtained in 43 cases (57%), a
      partial success in 20 cases (27%) and failure in 12 cases (16%). At entry as well
      as at the end the T group had significantly lower SI scores than the S, RP and E
      groups (P less than 0.001 to less than 0.01). The S, RP and E did not differ
      between each other nor by duration of stay, nor by the PaO2, nor PaCO2.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368635
TI  - [Lympho-epithelial thymoma. Anatomo-clinical and therapeutic study of 113 cases].
AB  - One hundred and thirteen cases of lympho-epithelial thymomas were studied
      retrospectively: 56 were of epithelial type, 20 of lymphocytic type, 30 were
      mixed and 7 were not defined. Eighty-eight were operated on (20 stages I, 47
      stages II, 13 stages III and 8 stages IV). There were 69 primary resections (57
      complete and 12 incomplete), followed by radiotherapy in 54 cases and 19
      secondary resections after radiotherapy (10 complete and 19 incomplete). Twenty
      five patients did not have an operation and were treated with radio- and
      chemotherapy. After primary resection the actuarial survival at 5 years was
      64.07% and at 10 years 50.86%. After a secondary resection it was 43.74% at 5
      years. After radiotherapy it was 18.67% at 5 years. In operated cases the
      prognostic importance of staging was confirmed. The cytological structure was
      not. In myasthenic cases the secondary respiratory complications worsened the
      prognosis. Post-operative radiotherapy seems to be justified in all cases, but
      its effect is not statistically significant when resection was complete. Those
      operated after radiotherapy only showed a benefit if the resection was complete.
      The outcome of metastatic disease in TLE has been under-estimated and seems to
      depend on local control of the tumour. The use of chemotherapy remains to be
      defined.

PMID- 3368637
TI  - [Post-traumatic pneumatocele and hemato-pneumatocele of the lung. Apropos of 3
      cases].
AB  - Pneumatocele and haemato-pneumatocele are air or air/fluid cavitary lesions which
      develop in the lung parenchyma after thoracic trauma. The formation of this
      lesion requires a direct violent impact on the pliable lung wall which explains
      its frequency in young adults. They are preferentially localised in the lung
      bases. The importance of associated lesions often marks the pneumatocele. Though
      rarely described, its frequency is certainly underestimated. If haemoptysis is
      the most frequent clinical sign it is the chest x-ray which demonstrates the
      early abnormality in the form of a rounded translucent image with a fine contour
      and variable diameter. The existence of a fluid level suggests the presence of
      blood (haemato-pneumatocele). The differential diagnosis with a localised
      pneumothorax, a diaphragmatic hernia and a pre-existing cystic lesion is easy as
      a rule but an evacuated pulmonary haematoma may lead to the discussion,
      especially as the mechanism of their formation may be the same. In isolation
      their clinical implications are minimal, their evolution favourable and after
      several weeks with a restitution of the integrity of the pulmonary parenchyma the
      absence of therapeutic intervention is justified.

PMID- 3368638
TI  - [Occupational asthma due to exotic wood: Nesorgordonia papaverifera (danta or
      kotibe)].
AB  - The authors report the first description of occupational asthma induced by
      sensitisation to danta or kotibe wood in an atopic, smoking, cabinet maker
      presenting with non-specific bronchial hyper-reactivity. The asthma used to
      appear several hours after finishing work and was exclusively on those days when
      he was handling danta wood. After exclusion of the offending allergen for several
      weeks a delayed asthmatic reaction was seen seven hours after a provocation test
      with the incriminated wood dust. The bronchial reaction was accompanied by
      cutaneous symptoms also. An immediate positive cutaneous reaction to the wood
      dust extract was seen and the cutaneous sensitivity could be passively
      transferred. These results, as well as the efficacy of treatment with disodium
      cromoglycate, suggest that an IgE mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of
      this occupational asthma.

PMID- 3368639
TI  - [The value of high pressure in thoracic radiology].

PMID- 3368640
TI  - [Fever, pain and cavities].

PMID- 3368641
TI  - Minimal neoplasia. Diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3368642
TI  - Preleukemia: bone marrow histopathology in myelodysplasia and preleukemic
      syndrome.

PMID- 3368643
TI  - Incipient malignant lymphoma: definition and histopathology.

PMID- 3368644
TI  - [Surgical repair of a secondum type of atrial septal defect combined with mitral
      regulation due to mitral valve prolapse and tricuspid valve regulation in adult].

PMID- 3368645
TI  - [Sustained accelerated idioventricular rhythm in children with special reference
      to electrophysiological and histopathological investigation].

PMID- 3368646
TI  - [Significance of the gas exchange and gas transport as exercise limiting factors
      in chronic lung diseases].

PMID- 3368647
TI  - [Cardiac function as a limiting factor of exercise tolerance].

PMID- 3368648
TI  - [Cardiorespiratory regulation during exercise].

PMID- 3368649
TI  - [Peripheral circulation as a limiting factor].

PMID- 3368650
TI  - [Factors affecting energy metabolism and exercise performance].

PMID- 3368651
TI  - [Microprocessor based cardiac stimulator using for EPS system].

PMID- 3368652
TI  - [Evaluation of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function for
      identification of incipient cardiac dysfunction: application of computerized
      cardiac nuclear probe].

PMID- 3368654
TI  - [Effects of Ca2+ on left ventricular contraction and relaxation during acute
      hypoxia in dogs].

PMID- 3368653
TI  - [The effects of He-Ne laser irradiation on subcutaneous tissue blood flow under
      halothane anesthesia in rats].

PMID- 3368655
TI  - [Clinical significance and problems in the detection of late potential on the
      signal averaged body surface QRS after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3368656
TI  - [Significance of negative U waves in previous anterior myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3368657
TI  - [A case of peribronchial angiomatous malformation associated with massive
      hemoptysis].

PMID- 3368658
TI  - [Case reports of right ventricular dilated cardiomyopathy in 2 male siblings].

PMID- 3368659
TI  - [Hypomaniac manifestations in triazolam therapy].

PMID- 3368660
TI  - [Hypoglycemic risk in insulin-dependent diabetics or why do they fail to perceive
      the warning symptoms of hypoglycemia?].

PMID- 3368661
TI  - [Circulating anticoagulants excluding hemophilia. Multicenter survey undertaken
      under the aegis of the French National Society of Internal Medicine apropos of
      207 cases].
AB  - A retrospective multicentre study, undertaken under the aegis of the French
      National Society of Internal Medicine, involved 200 subjects with acquired
      circulating anticoagulants; 130 were female and 77 were male; mean age was 45 +/-
      23 years (range: 10 months to 80 years). Mean duration of follow-up was 23
      months. In 130 subjects the anticoagulants were detected as a result of a
      systematic screening examination. The main overt clinical manifestations were
      haemorrhages, venous or arterial thrombosis and spontaneous abortion. Typing of
      the anticoagulant, performed in 166 cases, showed the presence of an
      antiprothrombinase in 141; this enzyme is not responsible for severe bleeding
      unless it is associated with other disorders of coagulation; less frequent were
      an anti-factor VIIIc (n = 16) and an anti-factor V (n = 2) anticoagulants. An
      underlying pathology was found in 172 subjects, including systemic lupus
      erythematosus (n = 60), induced lupus (n = 11), discoid lupus (n = 3), infection
      (n = 23), blood disease (n = 19), cancer (n = 15) and vasculitis (n = 15); other
      factors were pregnancy (n = 5) and medicines (n = 6). The anticoagulant
      disappeared spontaneously in 10 cases and in 33 of the 115 subjects treated. In
      subjects with lupus and in children under twelve years of age, an
      antiprothrombinase was regularly identified at typing.

PMID- 3368662
TI  - [Behcet's disease and deafness. Remission under methylprednisolone pulse
      treatment].

PMID- 3368663
TI  - [Hypophosphoremia, prognostic factor of respiratory infections in aged patients.
      Apropos of 10 cases].

PMID- 3368664
TI  - [Congenital hepatic fibrosis. Fortuitous discovery in 2 cases with
      pseudometastatic aspect in adults].

PMID- 3368665
TI  - [Pseudo-Still disease and neoplasm. 2 cases].

PMID- 3368667
TI  - Clinico-experimental studies on auditory evoked middle latency response (AEMLR)
      with specific reference to generation and auditory dominancy.
AB  - The present study was carried out on animals and humans in order to clarify
      auditory dominancy or lateralization and the contribution site of auditory evoked
      middle latency responses (AEMLRs). Normal AEMLRs on guinea pigs and humans were
      quite similar and consisted of two negative and two positive peaks between 8 and
      50 msec following the start of an auditory stimulus. In normal human subjects,
      the component Pa (peak to baseline measurement) or Na-Pa (trough to peak
      measurement) was significantly greater in the temporal area contralateral to the
      stimulated ear than in the ipsilateral temporal area. In guinea pigs, however,
      AEMLRs were attenuated only by stimulation contralateral to the side, on which a
      lesion was made by unilateral aspiration of the lemniscus or the inferior
      colliculus. This auditory lateralization and contralateral dominancy were also
      verified by the direct cortical recording of AEMLRs in humans and also by
      analysis of auditory evoked brain mapping. In clinical studies, AEMLRs have been
      obtained even in a premature infant born after a 44-week pregnancy. In patients
      with well localized lesions of the brain stem, all components of the AEMLR to
      stimulation contralateral to the lesion side were affected. However, component Pa
      of the response to stimulation contralateral to the lesion was mainly abolished
      in patients with unilateral thalamic or temporal lesions. The following results
      were obtained: 1) component Pa (or Na-Pa) of AEMLR has significant
      lateralization, 2) the generation site of Pa may be in the subcortical thalamic
      projection of the contralateral lobe, 3) component Po (or No-Po) is a true
      neurogenic response but is frequently enhanced by the post-auricular reflex, 4)
      the contralateral inferior colliculus is very important for the generation of Po,
      5) the auditory system (hearing) may have contralateral AEMLR dominancy.

PMID- 3368666
TI  - [Medical genetics and migration].
AB  - Any migration results in the transfer of normal and pathological genes from one
      population to another. The frequency of pathological genes may vary according to
      the population, sickle cell anaemia, for instance, being frequent in Africa and
      cystic fibrosis in Europe. It follows that the hereditary pathology of migrants
      is not the same as that of the host population, at least during the immediate
      post-migration years; subsequently, all depends on the degree of cross-breeding.
      In epidemiological genetics the study of the frequency of some diseases in the
      original population, among migrants and in the host population enables the
      effects of genes and environment on the aetiology of these diseases to be
      investigated.

PMID- 3368668
TI  - [Three recent cases of ascariasis in northern Kyushu].
AB  - Ascariasis is considered to be one of the rare infectious diseases in Japan, but
      recently it has been slightly increasing. This paper reports three ascariasis
      cases who seemed to be infected recently in the Kitakyushu area, Japan. Case 1: A
      59-year-old woman in Kitakyushu City passed a round worm after continuous
      abdominal pain. The patient was discharged from the hospital because of no
      further abnormal intestinal symptoms and findings. Case 2: An 85-year-old woman
      in Nakama City, who suffered from cerebral infarction, vomited a round worm
      before hospitalization. Many ascarid eggs were detected after admission, and
      after treatment with pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin) two round worms were passed
      and egg detection became negative. Case 3: A 77-year-old man in Saikawa Town
      vomited 3 round worms after gastrectomy due to early gastric cancer. Many
      unfertilized eggs were also detected from the stool together with hook worm eggs,
      but no eggs were found after administration of pyrantel pamoate. Morphological
      examination was made by a scanning electron microscope on the denticles on the
      dentigerous lip ridges of the worms to differentiate from possible infection with
      a pig parasite, Ascaris suum. The three cases were diagnosed as ascariasis due to
      human Ascaris lumbricoides based on the following evidences that the expelled
      worms had 1) less pointed tips of the denticles and shallower or wider
      interdenticle notches, and 2) far more denticles of smaller size along the
      dentigerous ridges, compared with Ascaris suum. The necessity of differentiating
      pig- from human-ascarids, when considering human infection with Ascaris suum, is
      discussed.

PMID- 3368669
TI  - Joint-sounds in gonoarthrosis--clinical application of phonoarthrography for the
      knees.
AB  - Auscultation is one of the oldest methods of diagnosis. It has been extensively
      used in examining various organs of the body, but its use for studying joint
      sounds is still an unexplored area of research. In our clinic, a new analyzing
      system has been developed and its clinical application has been practiced since
      1980. The joint-sounds are analyzed with a narrow band spectrum analyzer and a
      computer. The spectrum of background noise is then subtracted from the linear
      averaged spectrum to obtain the phonoarthrograph. Our study showed that all the
      joint-sounds exist at a point lower than 3.5 kHz with the majority of them being
      lower than 2.5 kHz. Therefore, we believe that there are mainly two kinds of
      joint-sounds, that is, at the low frequency sound level (L type) and at the high
      frequency sound level (H type). The significance of joint-sounds at the high
      frequency sound level is unknown but we suggest that it is due to the thickness
      and the hardness of the articular surface. Next the significance of joint-sounds
      at the low frequency sound level were investigated. We think that joint-sounds
      reflect not only on the change of bone but also on something else due to
      osteoarthrosis. The sounds which are concerned with the changes as seen on the X
      ray films exist at the low frequency sound level mainly from 0.5 kHz to 1.0 kHz.
      We believe that this method is noninvasive and useful for the diagnosis of
      osteoarthrosis of joints.

PMID- 3368670
TI  - [Effects of repeated inhalation-exposure to fenitrothion powder on blood
      cholinesterase activity in rats].
AB  - Effects of repeated exposure to Fenitrothion (Sumithion) powder on erythrocyte
      membrane acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma cholinesterase (PChE) were
      studied. Rats (Wistar, male) were exposed to fenitrothion powder for 2 hrs/day, 5
      days/week for up to 3 months. The suppression of AChE and PChE increased as the
      exposure period and exposure concentration increased, although no suppression of
      AChE was found after a single 4-hr exposure. The persistence of AChE inhibition
      after the termination of exposure increased with the increase of the exposure
      period and was longer than that of PChE. Therefore, the AChE activity seems to be
      useful in examining the response to the repeated exposure to fenitrothion powder.

PMID- 3368671
TI  - [Effects of chronic exposure of ethylene oxide, especially on heme metabolism].
AB  - The changes in the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system of rat liver, lung and brain
      after inhalation of ethylene oxide were studied. When Wistar male rats were
      exposed to 500 ppm ethylene oxide three times a week for three months, they
      showed a suppressed gain of body weight. Therefore, the present study was done
      using pair-fed rats. Haematological examination revealed normocytic and
      normochromic anemia. Liver and renal functions were normal. The cytochrome P-450
      enzyme system in the lung and brain were not affected. However, hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 and protoheme decreased by 28% and 19%, respectively. Hepatic
      total microsomal protein, cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH
      ferricyanide reductase were not affected. The activity of hepatic heme oxygenase
      showed a 2-fold increase. These results suggest that the heme moiety of hepatic
      cytochrome P-450 was primarily attacked by exposure of ethylene oxide and the
      cellular heme balance in liver was altered.

PMID- 3368672
TI  - Loss of power from an optimistic alternative hypothesis.
AB  - In the planning of a clinical trial to compare the proportion of responses to two
      treatments one determines the sample size to yield the desired power of achieving
      a significant difference at a pre-selected type I error under the assumption that
      the expected treatment difference exceeds a prescribed minimum. To achieve a
      practicable sample size, an investigator may be tempted to require a large
      treatment difference and thereby risk the chance of missing a somewhat smaller
      but clinically important difference. We obtain in this paper an expression for
      this loss of power if the true treatment difference is smaller than the minimum
      used to plan the study. The expression does not explicitly depend on the sample
      size and for most practical purposes does not depend on the actual response rates
      but rather varies only as a function of the fractional difference between the
      required minimum and true treatment difference. With provision of a prior
      distribution for this fractional difference, we can use the expression to
      calculate an expected power for the study. An illustration considers the case
      where the prior follows a beta distribution.

PMID- 3368673
TI  - A note on sample size computation for testing interactions.
AB  - This paper discusses a simple method to compute sample sizes for testing
      interactions in analysis of variance. It uses orthogonal contrasts to determine
      the power. For the 2 X 2 table this gives a single degree of freedom contrast for
      consideration. For larger designs, one must consider a set of contrasts. The use
      of Bonferroni or Scheffe critical values is discussed. This method allows the
      user to compute easily a sample size without recourse to the non-central F
      distribution.

PMID- 3368674
TI  - Some analysis strategies for three-period changeover designs with two treatments.
AB  - Alternative analysis strategies for the three-period crossover design with two
      treatments are discussed in this paper. One analysis strategy involves a
      parametric model that incorporates the effects of interest. To implement this
      method, one usually assumes that the covariance structure for the data has the
      sphericity, or circularity, property. Alternative approaches that do not require
      this assumption are described. They are based on the parametric and non
      parametric analysis of appropriate within-subject linear functions of the data.
      The advantage of these methods is that one only needs the assumption that the
      resulting linear functions for the respective subjects are independent and have a
      common distribution. The parametric approach also requires normality of the
      resulting within-subject linear functions for small sample situations. An
      extension of the non-parametric method is considered for cases in which the
      treatment sequences are randomly assigned within strata. The various methods are
      illustrated for a three-period crossover design involving two strata with
      randomly assigned treatment sequences of the form A:B:A and B:A:B.

PMID- 3368675
TI  - The analysis of survival data from a central cancer registry with passive follow
      up.
AB  - We present analyses for survival data obtained from a central cancer registry
      with passive follow-up. This method of data collection has the potential to
      produce unknown random losses which would affect estimates of survival. We show
      that non-parametrically estimated conditional distributions remove any effect of
      these unknown losses and that a compound mixture model estimates their magnitude.
      Lung cancer data are used to illustrate the procedures.

PMID- 3368676
TI  - Density equalized map projections: a method for analysing clustering around a
      fixed point.
AB  - Cases plotted on a geopolitical map entail difficulties in interpretation and
      analysis because of variable population density in the study area. Density
      equalized map projections (DEMPs) eliminate the distribution of the resident
      population as an interfering influence by transforming map area to be
      proportional to population. This paper discusses a transformation algorithm, its
      properties, and develops statistical methods to detect clustering of cases around
      a fixed point for data plotted on DEMPs. We suggest two numeric methods where
      exact solutions are too complicated or do not exist. Finally, we illustrate these
      methods using data from Denver and Jefferson counties in Colorado to investigate
      whether lung cancer and leukaemia incidence patterns are associated with
      plutonium exposure from the Rocky Flats plant site.

PMID- 3368677
TI  - Summary attributable risk estimation from unmatched case-control data.
AB  - We propose an alternative method to obtain summary estimators, variances and
      confidence intervals for attributable risk measures. This method combines
      weighted exposure prevalences for cases and controls across strata formed by the
      cross-classification of relevant covariates to form estimates of attributable
      risk among the exposed and attributable risk in the target population. The major
      benefit of this approach over those previously proposed in the literature is that
      it operates on data summed across strata rather than on estimation of statistics
      within each stratum. This alternative method for attributable risk measures
      utilizes the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of an average odds ratio, and can be
      implemented using the matrix procedure in SAS. This method is appropriate even
      when the within-stratum sample sizes are too small for other methods to be valid.
      Simulation results indicate that this method is superior to others with respect
      to bias and coverage probability for confidence intervals.

PMID- 3368678
TI  - Evaluating the discriminatory power of a multiple logistic regression model.
AB  - Various measures for estimating the goodness-of-fit of the multiple logistic
      regression (MLR) model have been suggested, although there is no clear consensus
      as to which measure is most suitable. In this paper, a simple measure of the
      discriminatory power of the fitted MLR model, based on maximization of Youden's J
      index (J*), is proposed and compared with several goodness-of-fit statistics
      described previously. The relative effectiveness of the measure is illustrated
      using data from the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. It is suggested that
      J* may be a useful alternative index of goodness-of-fit of an MLR model, with the
      added advantage of having a simple practical interpretation.

PMID- 3368679
TI  - An uncertainty measure in logistic discrimination.
AB  - The effect of sampling variation on individual decisions and error rates in
      logistic discriminant analysis is discussed. The concept of the beta-confidence
      allocation rule is introduced, which allows testing of whether observations are
      (in)correctly assigned at a given significance level. The procedure applied to
      sample data adds valuable information on the sharpness and the stability of the
      estimated classification rule. The method also suggests that individual posterior
      probabilities should be associated with a credibility measure. The potential of
      the approach is illustrated by an example from patients with liver disease.

PMID- 3368680
TI  - Descriptive statistical analyses of serial dilution data.
AB  - The serial dilution assay (for example, an in vitro antimicrobic susceptibility
      test or a serum antibody titer assay) is an important technique in biomedical
      research. The structure of the experiment forces grouping of the threshold
      concentrations into intervals. Statistical methods to analyse threshold
      concentrations from a batch of serial dilution assays should account for the
      grouping of the data. Many traditional subject area analyses, however, ignore the
      grouped nature of the data. This article discusses the discrepancy between the
      traditional subject area approach and the usual statistical approach for
      analysing such grouped data.

PMID- 3368681
TI  - [Chronic intestinal ischemia].

PMID- 3368682
TI  - [Infant formulas: what knowledge is needed?].

PMID- 3368683
TI  - [Milk intolerance in infants. Study performed in the Liege region].

PMID- 3368685
TI  - PAR-Q, Canadian Home Fitness Test and exercise screening alternatives.
AB  - Procedures for the preliminary screening of asymptomatic adults who wish to
      exercise are reviewed with particular reference to experience gained through the
      mass use of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) and the
      Canadian Home Fitness Test (CHFT). It is argued that both a brief submaximal
      exercise test and a subsequent moderate increase of habitual activity are
      extremely safe tactics to recommend to a symptom-free adult. There are some
      useful minor modifications which could be made to the PAR-Q instrument, but its
      sensitivity and specificity relative to such criteria as medical examination,
      hypertension, CHFT completion and exercise-induced ECG abnormalities compare
      favourably with alternative self-administered procedures. The basic difficulty of
      screening an asymptomatic population (highlighted by Bayes theorem) is the high
      percentage of false positive and false negative test results. One remedy would be
      to stratify the population in terms of known cardiac risk factors and to restrict
      detailed pre-exercise screening to the high risk segment of the population.

PMID- 3368684
TI  - Biochemistry of exercise. Advances in molecular biology relevant to adaptation of
      muscle to exercise.

PMID- 3368687
TI  - [Tumors of the small intestine].

PMID- 3368686
TI  - [Sprue in adults].

PMID- 3368688
TI  - [A case from practice (105). Patient: Mr. M. L., born 1933].

PMID- 3368689
TI  - [Atypical onset of Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease].

PMID- 3368690
TI  - [Graphomania. Compulsive graphic activity as a manifestation of fronto-callosal
      glioma].
AB  - The presenting symptomatology in a case of fronto-callosal glioma were affective
      indifference, severe disorders of attention and dynamic aphasia with marked
      reduction in spoken expression. Spontaneous and induced writing were abundant and
      incoercible. Their meticulous production and formal correction contrasted with
      its semantic incoherence. This behavior is comparable with that of the compulsive
      activity that may result from pallidal lesions or bilateral frontal lesions. The
      term graphomania is proposed to distinguish this behavior from echographia and
      hypergraphism.

PMID- 3368691
TI  - [Neurophysiological and therapeutic evaluation of stiripentol in epilepsy.
      Preliminary results].
AB  - The main objective of this study was to determine whether stripentol (STP)
      alleviates side-effects commonly observed in treated epileptic patients, since
      preliminary data suggested a positive psychotropic effect. A secondary objective
      was an evaluation of drug efficacy. Eleven patients with either a drug-resistant
      epilepsy or toxic effects of AEDs completed the study. Ten had symptomatic
      partial epilepsies and one an idiopathic generalized epilepsy. STP was added to
      the baseline therapy (1 or 2 AEDs) and the dose of the baseline AEDs was reduced
      to maintain plasma levels unchanged (mean reduction: PB 26%, PHT: 49%, CBZ: 38%).
      Several motor, perceptual and attention tasks and the Washington Psychosocial
      Seizure Inventory were performed before and after STP administration. Seizure
      frequency and clinical side-effects were evaluated during a baseline period and
      after two months of constant therapy. Effects of repeated administration of the
      neuropsychological battery were assessed by administration of the battery on two
      occasions at 12-week interval to a randomized subgroup of patients. No practice
      effect was observed. A trend of improvement (p less than 0.05) in the performance
      of two tasks requiring sustained attention was noted. Previous side-effects
      (mainly drowsiness) decreased or disappeared in 7 of 9 patients who became more
      alert. Six of the nine uncontrolled patients experienced a decrease in seizure
      frequency equal to or larger than 50 per cent.

PMID- 3368692
TI  - [Post-radiation brachial plexopathy. Persistent conduction block. Myokymic
      discharges and cramps].
AB  - The distinction between radiation and tumor brachial plexopathy may be difficult.
      The electrophysiological recording of myokymic discharges, frequently present in
      the former but rare in the latter type of plexopathy, can be helpful for the
      diagnosis. However, the pathophysiology and the site of origin of these
      discharges remain unclear. We describe a patient presenting with radiation
      brachial plexopathy, clinical myokymia, cramps and pain. In this patient, the
      myokymia--due to abundant myokymic discharges--and the cramps, were related to
      the existence of persistent conduction block of several years duration. Several
      findings suggest that the myokymic discharges were generated on blocked axons:
      voluntary activity did not influence their occurrence nor modify their course;
      the motor unit potentials involved in the discharges were not evoked by
      stimulation proximal to the site of the conduction block, whereas the stimulation
      distal to this site could evoke, modify the rhythm, or interrupt the course of
      the discharges; the latency of these evoked responses indicated that the site of
      reflection was proximal on the axon, and likely coincided with that of the
      conduction block. Recent observations (Roth and Magistris, 1987b) indicated that
      myokymia, produced by numerous single or grouped fasciculations generated on axon
      terminals, may be related to persistent conduction blocks of various etiologies.
      The present case demonstrates that myokymia provoked by myokymic discharges may
      as well be related to persistent conduction block. The reason why these blocks
      are accompanied by fasciculations in some situations and by myokymic discharges
      in others remains an unsolved question. The cramps observed in this patient were
      also of interest as they occurred in the muscle territory of blocked axons and
      were provoked by passive muscle shortening. Their origin, distal to the
      conduction block, is unknown. Finally, a neurolysis did not prevent the
      progressive transformation of conduction block into axonotmesis.

PMID- 3368694
TI  - [Pseudotumoral cerebellar infarction of venous origin].
AB  - A case of venous thrombosis with pseudo-tumoral cerebellar infarction is
      reported. Cerebello-vestibular symptoms and intracranial hypertension had a
      progressive course over one and half month. CT showed an unilateral cerebellar
      lesion, with contrast medium enhancement and hydrocephaly. Thrombosis of the
      cerebellar superficial veins was found at surgical operation. A thrombosis of the
      transverse sinus was likely. No cause was discovered. This case, together with a
      published one, shows that a venous thrombosis may determine a cerebellar infarct.

PMID- 3368693
TI  - [Clinico-morphological correlations based on MRI in syringomyelia. Study of 22
      cases].
AB  - Twenty-two patients with syringomyelia were investigated clinically and by MR
      imaging using clearly defined clinical and radiologic protocols. Intramedullary
      cavities were identified by MR images in 20 cases and by CT scanning after
      intrathecal injection of Metrizamide in two cases. In all but one case, when the
      clinical picture was purely motor, concordance was established between clinical
      findings and morphologic type of intramedullary cavity. Syringomyelic syndromes
      should now be defined not only on the basis of clinical data but on
      clinicoradiologic features. The examination of choice is MR imaging, because of
      its reliability and safety and because it allows tridimensional analysis of
      cavities and associated malformations. Results of MR imaging exploration suggest
      a possible improved physiopathologic approach to the disease and more effective
      therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 3368695
TI  - [Pure sensory stroke caused by thalamic hematoma].
AB  - A 59-year-old hypertensive patient presented with dysesthesias and a pure sensory
      deficit involving face, arm and leg on the left side of the body. CT scan and MRI
      showed a small hematoma in the posterior and lateral part of the right thalamus.

PMID- 3368696
TI  - [Hypothalamic insufficiency following irradiation. Late, subacute and curable
      dementia].
AB  - A 31 year-old patient suffered from a subacute and major dementia, sixty months
      after whole brain irradiation with 54 grays for a pinealoma. Clinical features
      and biological investigations led to a diagnosis of hypothalamic insufficiency. A
      dramatic clinical recovery followed therapy with hydrocortisone and thyroxine. An
      hypothalamic radionecrosis and a vascular mechanism are presumed.

PMID- 3368697
TI  - [Recurrent cholestasis in pregnancy. Apropos of 6 case reports].
AB  - The follow-up of several cases of pruritus during pregnancy in 15 months in our
      department, gives us the opportunity to discuss pregnancy related jaundice. In
      comparing the frequency figures in the literature, our rate of cholostasis during
      pregnancy is abnormally high (1/270th). This picture is characterized by a
      gradually increasing pruritus. Jaundice may be absent, usually moderate. The
      laboratory tests are dominated by the cholostasis; the cytology is non-existent
      or moderate, which differentiates it from viral and toxic jaundice. The maternal
      prognosis is good and usually return to normal occurs 8 to 15 days after
      delivery. The fetal prognosis is unpredictable and reserved. We noticed: frequent
      fetal distress, with the possibility of fetal death; the treatment is only
      symptomatic and includes: the association pregnancy-cholostasis makes this
      pregnancy a risk pregnancy--when fetal maturity is acquired, the choice between
      high approach and low approach depends on the circumstances-contraception.

PMID- 3368698
TI  - [Spontaneous perforation of the cecum after cesarean section].
AB  - The literature concerning perforation and imminent perforation of the caecum
      after cesarean section is reviewed. One case has been observed by the author.
      Increasing caecal diameter above 10 cm gives rise to suspicion of an imminent
      perforation of the caecum. Medical treatment and colonoscopy may be tried. In
      case of unresponsiveness or if occurrence of a cecal perforation, surgical
      intervention (cecostomy) is indicated.

PMID- 3368699
TI  - [The 7th pregnancy was in the tube!!].
AB  - The authors report a case of ovarian hyperstimulation leading to 6 endo-uterine
      pregnancies and one extra-uterine pregnancy. After embryonic reduction, and
      salpingectomy, a twin pregnancy was carried through, in a bifid uterus. Review of
      the literature enables to emphasize the difficulties in diagnosing heterotopic
      pregnancies, and to discuss the indications and techniques of selective embryonic
      reduction, along with the ethical and legal problems it raises.

PMID- 3368700
TI  - [Maternity and extreme poverty. Ways of supervising pregnancy and delivery].
AB  - In women living under extreme poverty conditions, isolation, absence of social
      support, stress, seem to play a major role in the morbidity of pregnancy. In
      spite of thorough monitoring and frequent hospitalization, morbidity remains.
      This study stresses that the follow-up of pregnancies should not only be
      characterized by a quantitatively increased medical monitoring, but also by a
      warmer relationship between women living in a disadvantaged environment and
      health personnel.

PMID- 3368701
TI  - [Postpartum cerebral thrombophlebitis. Apropos of a case].
AB  - In reference to one new case of post-partum cerebral thrombophlebitis, the
      authors stress the difficulty of the clinical diagnosis. Because of its great
      reliability, conventional arteriography occupies a place of choice among the
      medical imaging techniques. Heparin therapy at isocoagulating doses has permitted
      to improve the very poor prognosis of this disease.

PMID- 3368702
TI  - Smoking in transition.

PMID- 3368703
TI  - Surgical experience in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3368704
TI  - Breast health.

PMID- 3368705
TI  - Cancer in Rhode Island, an old urban state.

PMID- 3368706
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Rhode Island: case report and review of its
      occurrence during the past ten years.

PMID- 3368707
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia treated by laser surgery.
AB  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler's disease) is a rare, inherited
      abnormality of the subepithelial vessels causing severe nose bleed as the most
      predominant symptom. The most efficient treatment has, until now, been
      dermoplasty of the nasal septum and cavity. There have been a few reports on
      treatment with CO2-, argon- or Nd-YAG-lasers, which have been encouraging. Ten
      patients with Osler's disease were treated for severe epistaxis. Three were
      treated with CO2-laser, two of these under general anaesthesia. Seven patients
      were treated with the argon laser under local anaesthesia. A variety of other
      sites were treated at the same time for functional or cosmetic reasons (mouth,
      face, fingers, rectum). Good results were obtained in eight cases. In three of
      the cases the observation period was more than two years. A second treatment has
      been necessary in three cases. Two other patients were treated recently, and it
      is too early to judge the results. The argon-laser is more convenient for this
      purpose than the CO2-laser. The method is quick and reliable and there is no need
      for hospitalization. The treatment can be repeated without permanent damage to
      the function of the nose.

PMID- 3368708
TI  - Reimplantation of autologous septal cartilage in the growing nasal septum. II.
      The influence of reimplantation of rotated or crushed autologous septal cartilage
      on nasal growth: an experimental study in growing rabbits.
AB  - A series of experiments were carried out on growing rabbits to investigate the
      effect of rotation (through 90 degrees and 180 degrees) or crushing of autologous
      cartilage implants on growth of the nose. Reconstruction of the nasal septum with
      rotated or crushed implants did not restore the normal growth of the nose. This
      is in accordance with the results of a previously described experiment in which
      the continuity was repaired with autologous cartilage in the same position (Nolst
      Trenite et al., 1987). The crushed cartilage implants were as effective as the
      noncrushed implants in preventing septal perforations. The implants rotated
      through 90 degrees, showed less intrinsic growth in dorso-ventral direction.

PMID- 3368709
TI  - Delivery circumstances in relation to adult septum deviation.
AB  - The present study elucidates whether factors correlated to septum dislocation in
      newborns have quantitative significance for septum deviation demanding surgery in
      adults. The delivery circumstances of 95 patients operated upon for septum
      deviation were compared to those of 79 control subjects with straight septa.
      Patients and control subjects were born in the same area and at the same period
      of time. Eleven possible nose traumatizing factors were analyzed. No difference
      was found. There was, however, a male overrepresentation by 3:1 amongst the
      operated patients which may be explained by postnatal nose trauma. It is
      concluded that delivery circumstances have only minor influence on the number of
      adults demanding septum surgery.

PMID- 3368710
TI  - The influence of climatic factors on the nasal mucosa of rats.
AB  - The influence of indoor climate on goblet cells and intraepithelial glands of
      nasal mucosa was analysed. A cold and heat adapted group of twenty rats were
      compared with a neutral adapted group after eight weeks of climatic exposure.
      There was a decrease of density of the goblet cells and the intrapeithelial
      glands in cold adapted rats. It is suggested that the adaptive changes of the
      mucous membranes of the rats may be correlated with the increased ventilation
      rate in the cold.

PMID- 3368711
TI  - Nasal airway response to infused phenylephrine in normals and in patients with
      allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
AB  - To find whether patients with chronic rhinitis might be congested because of
      hyporesponsiveness to adrenergic vasoconstrictive influences, we measured nasal
      airway resistance (NAR) in normals and allergic and non-allergic rhinitics during
      intravenous infusion of graded doses of phenylephrine. All responded with
      decreases in NAR and first evidences of NAR fall appeared no later in those with
      rhinitis than in normals. Nasal congestion and response were asymmetrical;
      absolute NAR in the low resistance side was similar in all groups and there was
      little response to phenylephrine. In the high resistance side, NAR reached its
      minimum by the time the total infused dose was 1400 mcg, indicating maximum
      response to drug was achieved within the dose range studied. Minimum NAR achieved
      on the high resistance side was higher in rhinitics suggesting residual vascular
      engorgement resistant to phenylephrine or non-vascular mucosal swelling.
      Resistance to adrenergic vasoconstriction does not appear to be the primary
      contributor to mucosal swelling in chronic rhinitis.

PMID- 3368712
TI  - The nasal provocation test: response patterns.
AB  - We studied a group of allergic patients by active anterior rhinomanometry. We
      performed the nasal provocation test (NPT) and we observed two kinds of
      responses. The Type I pattern consists of an increase in delta P and an increase
      in resistance. The type II pattern consists of an increase in the flow value (V)
      and an increase in resistance. There are significant differences in the frequency
      of the two patterns among the allergens.

PMID- 3368714
TI  - [Conceptual approximation to Spanish reality].

PMID- 3368713
TI  - [Epidemiology and evaluation in primary care].

PMID- 3368715
TI  - [The evolving field of nursing administration in the U.S].

PMID- 3368716
TI  - [Concepts of nursing].

PMID- 3368717
TI  - [Holistic concept of mental health].

PMID- 3368718
TI  - [Abused children. A problem for everyone].

PMID- 3368719
TI  - [Cookery in the child day care center (II)].

PMID- 3368720
TI  - [Surgical instrumentarium. Its handling and maintenance].

PMID- 3368722
TI  - [Active immunotherapy in Hansen's disease. Interview by Fernando Fernandez
      Navarro].

PMID- 3368721
TI  - [Continuing education. 24. Field: public health. Topic: epidemiology].

PMID- 3368723
TI  - The nurse as political activist: influencing nursing practice in the political
      area.

PMID- 3368724
TI  - Do not disturb, double bed in use.

PMID- 3368725
TI  - Why I won't nurse clients.

PMID- 3368726
TI  - How we prepared to prevent suicide.

PMID- 3368727
TI  - Is your patient really out of focus?

PMID- 3368728
TI  - Making life and death decisions you can live with.

PMID- 3368729
TI  - Spinal cord injury: nursing the patient toward a new life.

PMID- 3368730
TI  - Geriatric infections: the urinary tract.

PMID- 3368731
TI  - Critical care's most versatile tool.

PMID- 3368732
TI  - Supermoms come in all sizes.

PMID- 3368733
TI  - Is your MI patient too scared to recover?

PMID- 3368734
TI  - Regional anesthesia: what patients--and nurses--need to know (continuing
      education credit).

PMID- 3368735
TI  - Who can change a nurse's notes?

PMID- 3368736
TI  - When your patient doesn't need those pounds.

PMID- 3368737
TI  - Abuse: the shameful secret of elder care.

PMID- 3368738
TI  - Helping geriatric patients master self-catheterization.

PMID- 3368739
TI  - [The distal connection of the tibia and fibula is not just a syndesmosis].

PMID- 3368740
TI  - [Sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick) type A. A new variant with an
      unusually prolonged course].

PMID- 3368741
TI  - [Quantitative microscopic analysis of pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic pathway
      in children].

PMID- 3368742
TI  - [Oncology].

PMID- 3368744
TI  - [Dysplastic nevi--clinical and histological picture].

PMID- 3368743
TI  - [Heterogeneity of cellular subpopulations in intestinal epithelial tumors].

PMID- 3368745
TI  - [Surgery of orbital tumors].

PMID- 3368746
TI  - [Protocol of the Comprehensive Care Team for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3368747
TI  - [Clinical importance of a uniform diagnostic and therapeutic protocol in
      Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3368748
TI  - [Prediction of the chemosensitivity of malignant tumors in vitro].

PMID- 3368749
TI  - Evaluation of the rheumatoid shoulder function after hemiarthroplasty and
      arthrodesis.
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis frequently involves the shoulder. In the advanced stages of
      the disease the preferred treatment has been either arthroplasty or arthrodesis.
      The functional results of five shoulder arthrodeses have been compared with five
      hemiarthroplasties. The period of postoperative immobilization was shorter for
      hemiarthroplasty; both procedures relieved pain, but personal hygiene was easier
      to manage after hemiarthroplasty. Shoulder arthrodesis with a fixed internal
      rotation greater than 40 degrees makes it impossible to reach the face and the
      optimal position would seem to be 20-30 degrees of abduction. 20-30 degrees
      flexion and 20-30 degrees internal rotation.

PMID- 3368750
TI  - Immobilization leads to early changes in hydrostatic pressure of bone and joint.
      A study on experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits.
AB  - Immobilization of a rabbit leg in extension results in the early development of
      an aseptic inflammation, synovial effusion and stiffening, and subsequent
      osteoarthritis of the knee. To study the pathogenesis of this experimental
      osteoarthritis, the hydrostatic pressures were measured in the knee, and distal
      metaphysis and diaphysis of the femur, after different periods of immobilization
      in 28 rabbits and eight control rabbits. A marked rise in pressure was registered
      early in the femoral metaphysis, diaphysis and especially in the knee. The
      maximal pressures were found after two days of immobilization in the metaphysis
      and seven days in the knee. During the next two weeks the pressures decreased
      slowly towards the normal values. These changes were related to the thickening
      and stiffening of the knee. The increased pressure in the bone and joint may be
      an important pathogenetic factor in the experimental osteoarthritis following
      immobilization. Measurements of the hydrostatic pressure may be a valuable
      parameter aiding the development of better preventive and curative methods in
      arthritis and osteoarthritis.

PMID- 3368751
TI  - Studies on anti-granulocyte and anti-platelet antibodies in patients with
      systemic sclerosis. Chemotaxis, phagocytosis and opsonized effect of PSS sera on
      normal granulocytes.
AB  - Autoantibodies may play a part in the pathogenesis of progressive systemic
      sclerosis (PSS). Anti-granulocyte antibodies have already been demonstrated in
      the sera of patients with PSS. In our study, anti-granulocyte antibodies were
      investigated by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and cytotoxic tests.
      These antibodies were found in 18.4% of 38 patients. All the positive sera showed
      cold- and/or warm-reacting granulocytotoxic activity. No connection with
      granulocytopenia was found. The effect of patients' sera on normal granulocyte
      functions was also studied. Chemotaxis and binding of EA cells were inhibited
      independently of the presence of anti-granulocyte antibodies. Yeast phagocytosis
      and opsonized yeast phagocytosis were definitely reduced by sera containing anti
      granulocyte antibodies. Anti-platelet autoantibodies were detected in 23.9% of
      the patients' sera, but no thrombocytopenia was found.

PMID- 3368752
TI  - The hypereosinophilic syndrome. Report of a case with successful medical
      treatment following cardiac biopsy.
AB  - Together with pronounced blood eosinophilia an endomyocardial biopsy is the
      method of choice in diagnosing and assessing the severity of the systemic
      disorder hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Eosinophilia is not uncommon in
      several connective tissue diseases which may share clinical manifestations with
      HES. We report a case of HES, investigated and followed up with cardiac biopsies.
      A missing right radial artery pulsation gave rise to several differential
      diagnostic considerations.

PMID- 3368753
TI  - Cardiac tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3368754
TI  - Periodontoid changes in rheumatoid arthritis; MRI observations. Report of two
      cases.

PMID- 3368756
TI  - Pregnancy in psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 3368755
TI  - Side effects of Proresid in the treatment of chronic arthritis.

PMID- 3368757
TI  - Absence of elevated creatine kinase in dermatomyositis does not exclude
      malignancy.

PMID- 3368758
TI  - Cleaning procedures for small dental instruments prior to sterilization.
AB  - Observations were made in an institutional setting on the quality of cleaning of
      dental burs. Assessments were made by scanning electron microscopy of surface
      contamination and change to the surface quality of burs before and after use, and
      as a result of different cleaning procedures. The most significant finding was
      the corrosive action on carbon steel burs of a phosphoric acid based cleaning
      solution in routine use at the time. We show by comparison the effectiveness and
      non-corrosive nature of an alternative detergent based on sulfamic acid, and
      propose a suitable cleaning routine. Two other findings are presented: new burs
      as unpackaged are unacceptable for use without first being subjected to a
      cleaning process (we recommend a suitable procedure); and there is a need for
      distilled water rather than tap water rinsing after detergent use. It is an
      important part of an institution's responsibility to monitor cleaning,
      sterilizing and supply services; the scanning electron microscope is a valuable
      adjunct in this aspect of quality assurance.

PMID- 3368760
TI  - The correction for extraneous background in quantitative X-ray microanalysis of
      biological thin sections: some practical aspects.
AB  - The correction for extraneous continuum is of great importance in the
      quantitative analysis of thin sections of biological tissue. Although a
      theoretical model for this correction is available, its application in practice
      meets with problems. In this paper, a model system, consisting of sections of
      homogeneous plastic on copper mesh grids was used to identify sources of
      inaccuracies in the quantitative procedures. An unmodified electron microscope
      was operated under standard analytical conditions. It appeared that geometrical
      factors connected with the position of the analysis relative to the grid bars
      were of prime importance. The correction for the contribution of the support film
      to the continuum should ideally be carried out at the same location with respect
      to the grid bars as the matching measurement on the section. Also the position of
      the analysis with respect to its coordinates on the grids is important, in
      particular when the possibility of absorption of X-rays by the specimen holder
      exists. The use of slot grids (rather than mesh grids) may alleviate this problem
      at least in part. Additional factors of importance are differential mass loss in
      specimen and film, as well as undetected variations in specimen current.

PMID- 3368759
TI  - Presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the mammalian thyroid gland.
AB  - Birefringent crystals of calcium oxalate have been previously identified in the
      colloid of human thyroid glands. We found such crystals in 19/20 adult thyroids
      at autopsy, in 4/20 infants at autopsy, and, using frozen sections, in 19/20
      thyroids partially or totally removed at surgery. These crystals were soluble in
      hydrochloric acid, insoluble in acetic acid, and contained only calcium by energy
      dispersive X-ray microanalysis, confirming their calcium oxalate character.
      Similar crystals were found in equine and ovine thyroids.

PMID- 3368761
TI  - Extraneous background-correction program for matrix bound multiple point X-ray
      microanalysis.
AB  - A program is described that allows on-line determination of extraneous background
      in multiple point X-ray microanalytical matrices. The program is based upon the
      calculations of the extraneous background for the film (when present), the
      standard and the unknown by (100 sec.) point analysis. The program searches for a
      peak-free part of the spectrum in which the calculated value for the extraneous
      background is about equal to the value in this region of the spectrum (= be). On
      line the contents of this be-region is subtracted from an unmanipulated continuum
      region in the vicinity of the element present in the unknown and standard (Pt).
      During the subsequently performed matrix analysis two arrays are acquired (P-b)
      and (b-be). From these two arrays, the Rx,st and subsequently the Rx,sp are
      calculated per pixel, which are converted to (be corrected) concentration arrays.
      In addition Z2/A-differences between standard and the analyzed specimen are
      corrected off-line. For each pixel the program judges whether the calculated
      concentration deviates from the value introduced for the standard. Once
      differences are registered, adequate corrections are made.

PMID- 3368762
TI  - A possible site of calcium regulation in rat exocrine pancreas cells: an X-ray
      microanalytical study.
AB  - We analysed four subcellular compartments in rat exocrine pancreas cells, zymogen
      granules, cytoplasm surrounding the zymogen granules, mitochondria and cytoplasm
      in the basal part of the cells for sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur,
      chlorine, potassium and calcium content, using ultrathin frozen-dried
      cryosections. The highest concentrations of calcium were measured in the zymogen
      granules and the surrounding apical part of the cell containing Golgi apparatus,
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum and condensing vacuoles. Calcium concentrations in
      the basal part of the cells (mostly rough endoplasmic reticulum) were 60% lower
      than in the apical part of the cells. The lowest calcium concentrations were
      measured in mitochondria. The results suggest that other subcellular compartments
      than the rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria might be involved in the
      intracellular Ca2+ regulation.

PMID- 3368764
TI  - The effect of fatigue on essential element distribution in the rabbit masseter.
AB  - The rabbit masseter is composed of mainly fast fatiguable type IIB fibers which
      give a positive mATPase reaction at pH 9.3. To study the effect of fatigue on the
      distribution of some crucial elements, the masseter was stimulated electrically
      for 45 minutes. The contralateral muscle served as a control. Control and
      experimental tissues were rapidly excised, and frozen in isopentane cooled to 
      150 degrees C in liquid nitrogen. Sections were cut in a cryostat and prepared by
      freeze-drying. Water content of fatigued muscle was significantly higher than
      controls: 79.3% versus 77.3%. The fatigued state was verified by glycogen
      depletion viewed in PAS-stained sections. Ice crystal artifacts were more
      prominent in stimulated muscle, suggesting cytoplasmic edema and/or a change in
      water state. Element analysis of myofibers, using an scanning electron microscope
      equipped with a computer assisted energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was
      performed at 15 kV for 100 seconds. Counts were recorded for Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K
      and Ca (Mg and Ca counts were too low to evaluate). Counts were converted to
      concentrations using a gelatin element standard. The most striking finding in
      fatigued muscle was a decrease in K concentration (33%) and an increase in Na
      (100%) and Cl (75%). P and S values were slightly lower. An interpretation of
      these findings is made in relation to a) changes in water structure and b)
      conformational changes in myofibril macromolecules.

PMID- 3368763
TI  - Elemental levels in mast cell granules differ in sections from normal and
      diabetic rats: an X-ray microanalysis study.
AB  - Mast cells around the thymus of rats stain red with alcian blue and safranin
      indicating that the mast cells are probably of the peritoneal (connective tissue)
      type. After the onset of streptozotocin induced diabetes some cells contain both
      red and blue granules and blue staining cells may appear. X-ray microanalysis of
      frozen freeze-dried sections from diabetic male CSE Wistar rats showed electron
      dense granules to have similar amounts of S to normal rat mast cell granules but
      reduced levels of Na, Mg, P, Cl and K. Two cells also had electron lucent
      granules with very high levels of Na, Cl, K and Ca and reduced concentrations of
      S. The differences in elemental composition suggest that the mast cells from
      diabetic rats are not immature, but are related to the condition of induced
      diabetes, and that granules of very different composition can occur within a
      single cell. X-ray microanalysis has given an insight into mast cell granule
      elemental content which was not possible by conventional biochemical methods.

PMID- 3368765
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalyses of the crystalline
      components of human and animal dental calculi.
AB  - A review of the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe
      microanalyses in the study of dental calculus showed that such studies provided
      confirmatory and supplementary data on the morphological features of human dental
      calculi but gave only limited information on the identity of the crystalline or
      inorganic components. This study aimed to explore the potential of combined SEM
      and microanalyses in the identification of the crystalline components of the
      human and animal dental calculi. Human and animal calculi were analyzed.
      Identification of the crystalline components were made based on the combined
      information of the morphology (SEM) and Ca/P molar ratios of the crystals with
      the morphology and Ca/P molar ratio of synthetic calcium phosphates (brushite or
      DCPD; octacalcium phosphate, OCP; Mg-substituted whitlockite, beta-TCMP; CO3
      substituted apatite, (CHA); and calcite. SEM showed similarities in morphological
      features of human and animal dental calculi but differences in the forms of
      crystals present. Microanalyses and crystal morphology data suggested the
      presence of CaCO3 (calcite) and CHA in the animal (cat, dog, tiger) and of OCP,
      beta-TCMP and CHA in human dental calculi. X-ray diffraction and infrared (IR)
      absorption analyses confirmed these results. This exploratory study demonstrated
      that by taking into consideration what is known about the crystalline components
      of human and animal dental calculi, combined SEM and microanalyses can provide
      qualitative identification.

PMID- 3368766
TI  - Adult phyllostomid (bat) enamel by scanning electron microscopy--with a note on
      dermopteran enamel.
AB  - This study assesses the enamel of five phyllostomids of differing feeding habits;
      only one example of the microchiropteran super-family Phyllostomoidae having
      previously been studied by SEM. A dermopteran was also examined to ascertain
      whether the enamel might reveal insectivore, chiropteran or primate
      characteristics. The five phyllostomids were found to display the additional
      crystallite discontinuity feature (minor boundary plane or seam) which is a major
      characteristic of all the bats we have so far examined - with the exception of
      two megachiropterans. The enamel of the four fruit and nectar feeders
      (Phyllostomus, Carollia, Glossophaga and Artibeus) is essentially similar and
      different to that of the blood feeder (Desmodus). The differentiating factor for
      the two groups is the poor degree of prism development in Desmodus; the prisms
      being restricted to the inner two thirds of the enamel over the cusps or
      sectorial ridge, and lacking in the greater part of the axial and the sulcular
      enamel. The poor prism development in the vampire bat raises interesting
      questions from both an ontological and a phylogenetic point of view. The
      dermopteran (Cynocephalus sp.) displays horse-shoe shaped prisms with associated
      minor boundary planes (seams); an appearance entirely similar to those
      microchiroptera we have examined. This finding could be advanced as evidence for
      a close phylogenetic relationship between the Dermoptera and Chiroptera as these
      features are not found to the same extent in insectivores or in primates; the
      other two orders to which dermopterans are assigned. The evolutionary
      significance of the seam feature is being studied further; it is very likely to
      be of importance in unravelling the history of mammalian enamel.

PMID- 3368767
TI  - Cell rearrangement and directional migration in pronephric duct development.
AB  - The morphology of the directed migration of the pronephric duct rudiment of three
      vertebrates, the salamander, chick and sturgeon, has been examined by scanning
      electron microscopy. Of particular interest in this paper are the morphology of
      the duct tip, the role of cell rearrangement, and the relation of duct extension
      to somite segmentation. The duct rudiments of all three species have motile cell
      processes (lamellipodia and filopodia) largely confined to their posterior tips.
      The salamander and sturgeon embryos extend their duct rudiments by extensive cell
      rearrangements. A short, wide rudiment is elongated to form a long, thin one. The
      chick duct rudiment stays about the same width and apparently gains volume by
      cell proliferation. The salamander duct rudiment's posterior tip is always two
      somites behind the last formed somite. Both the sturgeon and chick embryo's duct
      rudiments lie well posterior of the last segmented somite adjacent to segmental
      plate mesoderm. There is still a close coupling, however, between the posterior
      progression of the duct rudiments and the advancing wave of somite segmentation.

PMID- 3368768
TI  - The surface morphology of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries in male
      Macaca fascicularis and the effect of coronary angiography.
AB  - Selective coronary angiography is one of the procedures used frequently in the
      diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. Macaca fascicularis monkeys
      were used to study the effects of coronary angiography on coronary artery surface
      morphology. Fourteen M. fascicularis were fed either an atherogenic diet (0.34 mg
      of cholesterol/kcal and 40 to 43% of the calories as fat) for six to nine months
      or a control diet. For six of these animals the Judkin method of selective left
      coronary angiography was done 24 h prior to necropsy. The ascending aorta, right
      coronary artery, left circumflex (LCX), left anterior descending (LAD) and left
      main (LM) coronary arteries were examined using scanning electron microscopy
      (SEM). The animals fed an atherogenic diet had 27% of the ascending aorta and 7%
      of the coronary arteries covered with raised lesions. The surface of these
      coronary arteries differed from those of animals fed a control diet in that the
      surface appeared smoother and often had numerous adherent leukocytes. The animals
      undergoing coronary angiography had 25% of the ascending aorta and 10% of the LM
      surface injured by the catheter. These areas were denuded of endothelium and
      covered with adherent platelets. There were no morphologic changes observed by
      SEM following angiography within the LCX or LAD arteries. Thus even in a setting
      of hypercholesterolemia exposure to contrast media during the coronary
      angiography procedure did not lead to surface alterations.

PMID- 3368769
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of early atherosclerosis in rabbits using aortic
      casts.
AB  - Our research involves measuring the size and location of atherosclerotic lesions
      on the intimal surface of arteries. To this end we have developed a new method in
      which scanning electron micrographs of vascular casts with impressions of these
      lesions on their surface are used. This method is compared with light microscopy
      and scanning electron microscopy of tissue with lesions. All three methods are
      found to detect lesions equally well. We also examine the cellular elements in
      the lesion to determine how the images are formed.

PMID- 3368770
TI  - Microcorrosion casting in normal and pathological biliary tree morphology.
AB  - The organization of the intrahepatic biliary tree was studied in three dimensions
      by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) corrosion casts, in normal and cholestatic
      rat liver. In the normal liver the observation revealed the features of the
      biliary passages from the bile canaliculi to the canaliculo-ductular junction, to
      the ductules and the bile ducts, confirming previous SEM observations. In
      cholestatic liver, the modifications and the proliferation of bile ductules
      appear clearly. Resin flow from canalicular to sinusoidal network was never
      observed. The method was found to be very useful in the evaluation of the
      architecture of the intrahepatic biliary tree, under normal as well as under
      pathological conditions.

PMID- 3368771
TI  - Myocyte swelling and plasmalemmal integrity during early experimental myocardial
      ischemia in vivo.
AB  - Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the structure of myocytes
      early in the phase of irreversible injury induced by 40 minutes of severe
      regional ischemia has been investigated, paying particular attention to the
      effects of cell swelling on the SEM appearance of the myocytes. Swollen myocytes
      showed an increased space beneath the plasmalemma and between organelles. True
      subsarcolemmal blebs were not seen and the attachment complexes between the Z
      band and the underlying myofibrils remained intact. The proportion of the PS face
      of the plasmalemma which appeared "en face" (0.70%, SD:1.22 vs 5.01%, SD:3.72) in
      freeze-fracture faces of ischemic tissue was increased significantly. The
      increase may be due to swelling of the cell in the subplasmalemmal space or may
      be mediated through structurally unapparent alterations in the cytoskeleton. The
      PS face showed frequent longitudinal shifts in the alignment of Z band -
      plasmalemmal attachment between adjacent myofibers. T-tubule ostia, caveolae and
      junctional SR were demonstrable on the PS face. With standard preparative methods
      and instrumentation, no discrete fibrillar network associated with Z band
      attachment or subjacent to the plasmalemma was detected and there was no direct
      structural evidence of cytoskeletal alteration as a result of ischemic injury.
      Osmium-ligand preparation of tissue samples resulted in less damage induced by
      the electron beam, but did not allow significantly better resolution.

PMID- 3368772
TI  - Interferon-induced surface alterations in hairy cells. A review.
AB  - Hairy cells (HCs), derived from the peripheral blood and spleen of hairy cell
      leukemia (HCL) patients, constantly displayed both ruffles and microvilli. HCs
      which were kept in culture for up to three days exhibited extremely polarized and
      active surfaces with elongated microvilli and exaggerated "spiked" ruffles. Cells
      derived from 11 cases of HCL were treated with alpha-interferon (IFN) in-vitro
      and examined by immuno-scanning electron microscopy (immuno-SEM). In 8 cases, up
      to one-third of the IFN-treated hairy cells displayed deformed surfaces with
      "bubbling" membrane and markedly villous bud-like formations. Monoclonal
      antibodies (MoAb), used in conjunction with immuno-gold labeling, facilitated
      better correlation between these morphological changes and the immunological
      profiles of the cells before and after interferon treatment in-vitro. Immuno-SEM
      analyses revealed no remarkable changes in the labeling of HCs with Leu-14 and
      Leu-M5 MoAbs before and after IFN treatment, even in cases showing membrane
      changes. However, a significant increase in the labeling intensity for HLA-DR and
      HLA-DQ was noticed in HCs from cases where IFN-induced membrane changes were
      evident. A review of the literature on membrane changes in IFN-treated cells
      proposes that such immuno-ultrastructural alterations might reflect unique
      interferon-induced membrane reorganization in the target malignant cells.

PMID- 3368773
TI  - Preliminary observations on the effects in vivo and in vitro of low dose laser on
      the epithelia of the bladder, trachea and tongue of the mouse.
AB  - The effects of low dose CW laser were studied by in vivo and in vitro systems.
      The experimental tissues that were used included bladders, tracheas and tongues
      as experimental tissues. Buddings (round surface projections) from the
      transitional epithelium of bladder were frequently observed 3 days after laser
      treatment in both in vivo and in vitro systems. The trachea and tongue were less
      affected. In both the in vivo and in vitro systems, some epithelial cells of the
      trachea showed decreased microvilli and cilia 3 days after treatment whereas the
      epithelial cells of the tongue revealed no response to laser treatment in both
      systems. Low dose laser, however, appeared to promote the rate of healing of
      experimental tongue ulcer: healing was about 1 day earlier in the laser treated
      than non-treated animals and vessel infiltration and epithelialization were
      detected earlier in the treated.

PMID- 3368774
TI  - Sertoli cell death by apoptosis in the immature rat testis following x
      irradiation.
AB  - The importance of the morphological study of cell death has recently been
      emphasized by the recognition that the ultrastructural features of dying cells
      allow categorization of the death as either apoptosis or necrosis. This
      classification enables inferences to be drawn about the mechanism and biological
      significance of the death occurring in a particular set of circumstances. In this
      study, Sertoli cell death induced in the immature testis of three and four day
      old rats by 5 Gy (500 rads) x-irradiation was described by light and transmission
      electron microscopy with the objective of categorizing the death as apoptosis or
      necrosis. The testes were examined 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 24 h after irradiation.
      Following irradiation, there was a wave of apoptosis of the Sertoli cells
      starting in three to four hours and reaching a peak between four and eight hours.
      At 24 hours, only 61% of the expected number of Sertoli cells remained. These
      findings are in accord with recent ultrastructural reports that ionizing
      radiation induces cell death by apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cell
      populations. New insights into the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cell death
      might thus be expected to stem from future elucidation of the general molecular
      events involved in triggering apoptosis.

PMID- 3368775
TI  - Response of mouse lung air-blood barrier to X-irradiation: ultrastructural and
      stereological analysis.
AB  - Male mice of the Balb/c strain were exposed, at an age of three months, to a
      single dose of 10 or 20 Gy on the right hemithorax. At 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months
      after exposure, lungs were processed for electron microscopy following a
      standardized procedure in order to allow stereological analysis. By this method,
      the arithmetical mean thickness and, the air-blood barrier mean thickness in the
      lung parenchyma was shown to increase quickly with time by oedemization and
      fibrinization of the septal space. The ratio endothelium/epithelium surfaces
      (SI/SE) gradually decreased by reduction of both surfaces but this was more
      marked for Si. The endothelium and epithelium were both highly damaged.
      Quantitative results indicate that damage to the epithelial cells and mainly to
      type II, appear at the same time as damage to the endothelium. From the time
      lapse quantitation it is not possible to determine which one plays the
      predominant role in the radiation pneumonitis. The strong reaction of the
      basement membrane and mainly of the interstitial cells could play a decisive role
      in the evolution of the illness.

PMID- 3368776
TI  - Response of laryngeal and tracheo-bronchial surface lining to inhaled cigarette
      smoke in normal and vitamin A-deficient rats: a scanning electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - The effects on surface morphology of airway epithelium of cigarette smoke (CS)
      inhalation alone (experiments one and two) or of CS in combination with
      hypovitaminosis A (experiment two) was investigated using specific pathogen free
      rats. Eight morphologically distinct cell types were distinguished overall. Apart
      from atypical squamous lesions, each of the other cell types could be found in
      varying proportions in all experimental groups. CS alone caused an increase in
      the frequency with which intra-lumenal mucus was seen and an increase in the
      occurrence of secretory cells of types IV (i.e., 'merocrine') and V (i.e.,
      'apocrine'). In experiment one, the area of trachea covered by cilia as
      determined by point counting increased significantly (P less than 0.01).
      Hypovitaminosis A was induced by lowering the dietary intake of vitamin A to a
      minimum, defined level. Rats showed an approximately 75% decrease in plasma
      retinol levels and a 95-100% decrease in hepatic stores of vitamin A. At this
      level, hypovitaminosis A alone had no significant effect on airway epithelial
      morphology. Foci of squamous metaplasia (squamous cells of type VIIIa) were found
      in all groups but extensive squamous metaplasia of the larynx and squamous
      lesions of atypical appearance (type VIIIb) were found only in the vitamin
      deficient group exposed to CS. The results suggest the synergistic effects of
      reduced vitamin A and CS may be important in the induction of atypical squamous
      changes which may predispose the airway to the development of squamous carcinoma.

PMID- 3368777
TI  - Surface morphology of human airway mucosa: normal, carcinoma or cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The study presents preliminary qualitative findings of an investigation of
      grossly normal main and lobar bronchi at sites distant to well circumscribed
      tumour (n = 15), adjacent to tumour (n = 5) or of airways obtained during
      heart/lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF, n = 3). In the
      normal airways the surface epithelium was on average 50 micron thick, pseudo
      stratified and rested on a roughly contoured basement membrane. A variety of cell
      types were identified although many were obscured by a dense covering of cilia,
      occasionally interrupted by foci of squamous metaplasia. Submucosal gland
      structure was observed in chance vertical fractures of the airway wall. Tissue
      adjacent to tumour showed sloughing, squamous metaplasia, pleomorphism and cell
      surface projections of stubby microvilli or tortuous microridges. The surface
      morphology of the three CF patients showed no feature unique to the condition,
      albeit secretions were found adherent to surface lining associated with isolated
      bacteria and groups of free cells (probably lymphocytes). In each of the three
      cases the epithelial surface was densely ciliated, interspersed with mucous
      (i.e., goblet) cells. Submucosal gland collecting ducts had dilated lumena.

PMID- 3368778
TI  - X-ray-induced cell death by apoptosis in the immature rat cerebellum.
AB  - The cells of the external granular layer (EGL) of the developing cerebellum are
      known to be particularly sensitive to radiation. In the past, changes induced in
      this layer by irradiation have been referred to by non-specific terms such as
      "pyknotic cells" and the mode of cell death has been assumed to be necrosis.
      However, in published light micrographs of these dying cells, the appearance is
      suggestive of apoptosis, a distinctive mode of cell death which occurs
      spontaneously in normal adult and embryonic tissues and can also be triggered by
      certain pathological stimuli. This light and transmission electron microscopic
      study of control and irradiated (7 h post-irradiation) rat cerebellum from 18 day
      fetuses and 5 day-old neonates showed that the cell death was effected by
      apoptosis. The apoptosis was markedly enhanced by x-irradiation and
      quantification of the cell death in the EGL of 5 day-old rats exposed to 4, 8,
      25, 100, and 400 cGy x-irradiation demonstrated that there was a positive dose
      response relationship. The extent of cell death by apoptosis which was 0.2% in
      control, ranged from 0.8% after 4 cGy to 62.3% after 400 cGy x-irradiation. The
      recognition that cell death by apoptosis can be a major component of x
      irradiation damage has important implications for radiobiological studies.

PMID- 3368779
TI  - [Knee injuries in jogging].

PMID- 3368780
TI  - [Hormonal and electrocardiographic studies in acrobatic and passenger hang
      gliding flights].

PMID- 3368781
TI  - [Performance assessment of a recruit sample based on a 50 km march for endurance
      training].

PMID- 3368782
TI  - [Sports injuries and sports damage in decathlon competitors].

PMID- 3368783
TI  - [Effect of ozone on physical performance].

PMID- 3368784
TI  - Seeing is believing: gradualism and punctuated equilibria in the fossil record.

PMID- 3368785
TI  - The microscopic structure of radiation interactions in cells.

PMID- 3368786
TI  - A molecular basis for MHC class II--associated autoimmunity.
AB  - Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules have an immunoregulatory role.
      These cell-surface glycoproteins present fragments of protein antigens (or
      peptides) to thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). Nucleotide sequence
      polymorphism in the genes that encode the class II MHC products determines the
      specificity of the immune response and is correlated with the development of
      autoimmune diseases. This study identifies certain class II polymorphic amino
      acid residues that are strongly associated with susceptibility to insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and pemphigus vulgaris. These
      findings implicate particular class II MHC isotypes in susceptibility to each
      disease and suggest new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

PMID- 3368787
TI  - Inhibition of self-binding antibodies (autobodies) by a VH-derived peptide.
AB  - The self-binding properties of a dominant idiotypic antibody (T15) and a minor
      idiotypic antibody (M603), both specific for phosphorylcholine, were examined as
      models of self-binding antibodies (autobodies). Observed differences in the self
      binding affinity of T15 and M603 relate to variable sequence differences in their
      respective heavy and light chains. A molecular recognition theory based on the
      translation of coding and noncoding DNA strands was used to identify
      complementary amino acid sequences responsible for self-binding. The second
      hypervariable region of the heavy chain domain, extending into the third
      framework region, was predicted as the primary self-binding locus. Among peptides
      synthesized with different variable heavy and light chain regions, a 24-residue
      peptide spanning the second hypervariable and third framework regions of the
      heavy chain of T15 was nearly as effective as phosphorycholine in inhibiting the
      self-binding complexes.

PMID- 3368789
TI  - Crisis in biosystematics of arthropods.

PMID- 3368788
TI  - Carcinogenic risk estimation.

PMID- 3368790
TI  - Fraud allegations.

PMID- 3368791
TI  - A change of heart.

PMID- 3368792
TI  - Chromosomes: the ends in view.

PMID- 3368793
TI  - [Analysis of infections following surgical interventions on bones, joints,
      ligaments and tendons].

PMID- 3368794
TI  - [Degeneration and regeneration processes of peripheral nerves following severance
      and reanastomosis using the neodymium-Yag laser].

PMID- 3368795
TI  - [Rupture of the triceps tendon--a case report].

PMID- 3368796
TI  - Gastrointestinal cancer and Seminars in Oncology.

PMID- 3368797
TI  - Quantitative estrogen and progesterone receptor levels related to progression
      free interval in advanced breast cancer patients treated with megestrol acetate
      or tamoxifen.
AB  - Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels have been reported
      to have prognostic significance with respect to disease-free survival in early
      stage breast cancer patients. The current retrospective study was undertaken to
      determine whether ER and PgR levels, as well as other potential prognostic
      factors, might be related to a progression-free interval (PFI) during additive
      hormonal therapy in advanced-stage breast cancer patients. Eligibility
      requirements for this study included the following: histologically confirmed
      recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, known quantitative ER and PgR levels,
      postmenopausal status, treatment with either megestrol acetate or tamoxifen, and
      Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status less than or equal
      to 2. The characteristics of the 105 patients included in these analyses were as
      follows: median age, 62 years; median disease-free interval (DFI), 523 days;
      median ER level, 44 fmol/mg; median PgR level, 52 fmol/mg; soft tissue-dominant
      disease, 37 patients (35%); bone-dominant disease, 36 patients (34%); visceral
      dominant disease, 32 patients (31%); one site of disease, 60 patients (58%); two
      or more sites of disease, 45 patients (42%); treatment with megestrol acetate, 62
      patients (59%); treatment with tamoxifen, 43 patients (41%). All of the
      independent variables listed immediately above were included in a multiple linear
      regression analysis in which PFI, expressed as log PFI, was the dependent
      variable. In this analysis, a positive linear relationship was observed between
      log PFI and the following independent variables: log ER, log PgR, and age (r2 =
      0.329). An alternative model (r2 = 0.350) was derived, in which previous
      treatment with chemotherapy was negatively related to log PFI. However, it
      appears that previous treatment with chemotherapy could be a "proxy variable,"
      because patients who had been treated with chemotherapy previously were
      significantly younger and had significantly lower ER (P = 0.0001) and PgR levels
      (P = 0.0004). None of the other independent variables were included in these
      models. If the assumption that PFI is a measure of the effectiveness of hormonal
      therapy is true, these results suggest that quantitative ER and PgR levels and
      age supersede other traditional predictor variables in predicting the hormonal
      responsiveness of individual breast carcinoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3368798
TI  - Megestrol acetate as primary hormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer.
AB  - The records of 133 patients treated with megestrol acetate as primary hormonal
      therapy for advanced breast cancer were reviewed retrospectively, using
      International Union Against Cancer (UICC) criteria for response. The median age
      was 65 years, 121 patients were over age 50, and the age range was 39 to 94
      years. Response rates (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]/total) by
      qualitative receptor level, with levels of 10 fmol/mg of protein considered
      positive, were as follows (ER = estrogen receptor, PgR = progesterone receptor):
      For ER + PgR+, 13 + 15/56 (50%); for those with one positive receptor, 0 + 12/47
      (26%); for ER - PgR-, 0 + 0/12 (0%); and for receptor-unknown cases, 2 + 3/18
      (14%). Response for ER less than 30 fmol/mg was 2 + 6/39 (21%); for ER 30 to 50,
      1 + 5/16 (40%); and for ER greater than 50 fmol/mg, 11 + 15/56 (46%). For PgR
      less than 30, response was 0 + 6/37 (16%); for PgR 30 to 50 fmol/mg, 1 + 4/14
      (36%); and for PgR greater than 50 fmol/mg, 12 + 13/54 (46%). For the 75 patients
      with a disease-free interval (DFI) of 2 years or less, the response rate was 5 +
      1/75 (8%), and for the 58 patients with DFI greater than 2 years, 10 + 12/60
      (37%). For patients with prior chemotherapy, 3 + 8/49 (22%) had an objective
      response. For those with no prior chemotherapy, 12 + 19/84 (37%) responded.
      Response by dominant site of disease was as follows: soft tissue 12 + 9/43 (49%),
      bone 2 + 13/49 (31%), viscera 2 + 5/41 (17%). Of these seven patients with
      visceral dominant disease who responded, all had PgR levels greater than 50
      fmol/mg, all but one had an ER level over 100 fmol/mg, all but one were over age
      65, and all but two received no prior chemotherapy. We conclude that megestrol
      acetate is effective initial hormonal therapy for patients with advanced breast
      cancer. It may have some role to play in the treatment of carefully selected
      cases with visceral disease.

PMID- 3368799
TI  - Sequential hormone therapy for advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Sequential hormone therapy for advanced breast cancer can offer significant and
      prolonged disease control with minimal morbidity. Predictors of response to
      sequential hormone therapy have not previously been identified. Sixty
      postmenopausal women with advanced or recurrent breast cancer treated with
      sequential megestrol acetate and tamoxifen were evaluated to identify factors
      which predict response to sequential therapy. The response rate to first-line
      therapy was 28% (17/60). Forty-seven percent of patients who responded to the
      first therapy responded to the second (8/17). Four of 16 patients (25%) who
      failed the first hormone therapy responded to the second. The response rate to a
      second hormone therapy was 25% (15/60). Chi-square tests were used to test the
      association between a response to sequential hormonal therapy and prior
      chemotherapy, age at first hormone trial, number of sites of disease, dominant
      site of disease, sequence of hormonal therapy, second response on the basis of
      first response, presence of soft tissue disease or bone disease alone, and
      receptor value. A one-tailed Fisher exact probability test revealed that a
      greater proportion of receptor-positive patients exhibited positive responses to
      sequential hormonal therapies than did receptor-negative patients. All of the
      patients who responded to a second hormonal therapy were estrogen receptor (ER)-
      and progestogen receptor (PgR)-positive. Fisher exact probability tests revealed
      a statistically significant association between response to initial hormone
      therapy and response to a subsequent hormone trial. This study suggests that
      patients who fail their initial hormone trial should be considered for a second
      hormonal trial if they are ER- and PR-positive.

PMID- 3368800
TI  - High-dose megestrol acetate in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
AB  - A dose-response relationship has long been suspected for progestin compounds in
      the treatment of breast cancer, but only recently have trials been implemented to
      investigate this issue. In 1985, we began a phase I-II study of high-dose
      megestrol acetate in dosages of 480 mg/d to 1,600 mg/d in heavily pretreated
      postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. After establishing the
      safety of this therapy, we expanded our trial, which now includes 47 patients, 34
      of whom have measurable disease. Of these 34 patients, 30 had disease progression
      on prior hormonal therapy and 29 had progression on chemotherapy. Six of the 34
      patients had complete response and six had partial response for a median time on
      study of 10 months (range, 8 to 30 months). Ten patients had stabilization and 12
      had progression. Thirteen patients had evaluable but nonmeasurable disease, and
      of these, ten had improvement or stabilization for a median period of 6 months
      (range, 2 to 18 months) and three had progression. Of 17 patients who had
      experienced disease progression while receiving standard-dose megestrol acetate,
      13 (76%) achieved objective remissions or stabilization with high-dose therapy.
      The main side effects were weight gain and appetite enhancement, which were
      beneficial in 13 underweight patients. These data indicate that high-dose
      megestrol acetate is well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced
      breast cancer refractory to multiple previous therapies. While optimal dose
      levels for clinical use remain to be established by ongoing studies, our data
      suggest that doses higher than the standard dose may be more effective.

PMID- 3368802
TI  - Diskogenic diseases of the spine.

PMID- 3368801
TI  - Defects in the vertebral endplates.

PMID- 3368803
TI  - AIDS and leprosy: an unfortunate connection.

PMID- 3368804
TI  - Selected tricyclic antidepressants in the management of chronic benign pain.
AB  - Depression is often considered a symptom of intractable benign pain and is
      usually a situational or exogenous subtype. At our four hospital-based pain
      management centers we have evaluated and treated more than 5,000 patients for
      chronic pain. The treatment of more than 2,000 of these patients has included the
      administration of doxepin or amitriptyline. This article reviews the therapeutic
      use of selected tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of chronic benign pain
      and depression, and emphasizes the blockage of serotonin reuptake as the
      mechanism of action. The benefits of doxepin and amitriptyline include sleep
      facilitation, low cardiotoxicity and incidence of anticholinergic effects, and
      anxiolytic properties.

PMID- 3368805
TI  - Phencyclidine-induced psychosis: eight-year follow-up of ten cases.
AB  - In 1978, we identified ten patients who were hospitalized for phencyclidine
      induced psychosis. Over the next eight years, we used their medical records to
      document their subsequent hospitalizations and psychosocial functioning. The
      overall outcome for this group of patients was poor, with chronic unemployment,
      continuing use of illicit drugs, dependence on relatives for shelter and
      financial support, and repeated hospitalizations being the rule.

PMID- 3368806
TI  - Identifying psychiatric disorders in children with renal disease.
AB  - We gave a structured diagnostic interview to determine what psychiatric disorders
      were present in 15 children aged 8 to 16 years who had renal disease; eight of
      the children had end-stage renal disease, and the seven children in the control
      group had mild renal disease. We calculated the psychiatric disorders diagnosed,
      and compared the results between the two groups. Depression was the most common
      psychiatric disorder in the children with end-stage renal disease (N = 5), while
      anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric problem in the group having
      mild renal disease (N = 4). We discuss possible explanations for the psychiatric
      disorders in each group, as well as future research directions.

PMID- 3368807
TI  - Insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters: the lateral approach.
AB  - Potential complications of peritoneal dialysis catheters include ventral
      herniation, dialysate leakage, and catheter dysfunction. Using local anesthesia
      and a paramedian, muscle-splitting approach, we have significantly reduced the
      morbidity of the procedure. Security of fascial closure and identification of the
      peritoneum, even in obese patients, has been facilitated through this technique.

PMID- 3368808
TI  - Comparison of a totally implantable access device for chemotherapy (Port-A-Cath)
      and long-term percutaneous catheterization (Broviac).
AB  - Because of the difficulty in maintaining vascular access in patients receiving
      aggressive parenteral chemotherapy, a growing number of patients have had
      implantation of either percutaneous or subcutaneous devices allowing permanent
      intravenous access. In our study, between July 1980 and July 1985, 110 patients
      had placement of a Broviac catheter, while 100 patients had placement of a
      subcutaneous device via a subclavian venous approach. Both groups of patients
      were identical regarding age, primary malignancy, chemotherapy, and nutritional
      status. Catheter-related sepsis occurred in 15% and thrombotic occlusion in 22%
      of those patients with Broviac catheters, compared with 3% and 1%, respectively,
      in patients having subcutaneous reservoirs. Although the initial cost of the
      subcutaneous reservoir is greater, overall cost of maintenance of the
      percutaneous catheter far exceeds that of the reservoir because of the need for
      daily catheter care and heparin flushing of the Broviac device, which is
      unnecessary for the subcutaneous port. Our experience favors the use of the
      subcutaneous reservoir in patients receiving prolonged chemotherapy.

PMID- 3368809
TI  - Restaging laparotomy and ovarian cancer.
AB  - We retrospectively reviewed the records of 41 patients who had restaging
      laparotomy after initial surgery and chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. In 37 of
      them, the cancer was epithelial. Stage and amount of residual disease after
      initial cytoreductive surgery correlated with laparotomy outcome. There were no
      operative deaths, and perioperative morbidity was relatively minor. Of the 25
      patients with residual disease after initial cytoreductive surgery ten had a
      complete response, eight had a partial response, two had stable disease, and five
      had progression. Three patients (11.5%) had recurrent disease after a negative
      restaging laparotomy. We discuss salvage therapy and the value of restaging
      laparotomy in ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3368810
TI  - Carcinoma in situ of the vulva: 24 years' experience in southwest Florida.
AB  - We retrospectively studied 125 patients treated for carcinoma in situ of the
      vulva from 1961 through 1984, with follow-up ranging from one to 24 years.
      Patients' ages ranged from 24 to 90 years, with a mean age of 53 years.
      Multifocal disease was more common in women under age 40. Pruritus was the most
      common complaint, but 60% of the patients were asymptomatic. Twenty-five patients
      (20%) had other associated malignancies: carcinoma in situ of the cervix in ten
      patients, invasive carcinoma of the cervix in six, multifocal carcinoma in situ
      involving vulva, vagina, and cervix in five, vaginal carcinoma in situ in two,
      and endometrial carcinoma in two. Sixty-five patients were treated primarily with
      wide excision, 45 with total vulvectomy, seven with "subtotal" vulvectomy, three
      with skinning vulvectomy, and three with vulvectomy and bilateral groin node
      dissection; two patients refused treatment. Fifteen patients had a recurrence-
      recurrent carcinoma in situ in ten, and invasive carcinoma of the vulva in five.
      Whether the patient had had total vulvectomy or a lesser procedure appeared to
      make no difference in the recurrence rate. Thus a well planned excision of vulvar
      carcinoma in situ appears to be the treatment of choice. All recurrences were in
      patients over age 40, so although the lesion is histopathologically identical in
      the younger patients, its biologic behavior seems to be more benign. Since it is
      possible, however, that invasive disease will ultimately develop in some of the
      younger patients, careful follow-up is still required.

PMID- 3368811
TI  - Preventing vault prolapse and enterocele after vaginal hysterectomy.
AB  - In this paper I describe a modified surgical technique for vaginal hysterectomy
      designed to prevent posthysterectomy vaginal prolapse and enterocele. Of the 112
      vaginal hysterectomies done by this method over a 2.8-year period, none has
      resulted in prolapse.

PMID- 3368812
TI  - Alteration of radioactive iodine uptake after treatment of hyperthyroidism with
      iodine 131.
AB  - To determine whether a therapeutic dose of iodine 131 affects the results of 24
      hour radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) testing, we reviewed records of
      hyperthyroid patients previously treated with 131I at Michigan State University
      and its affiliated hospitals. We identified 26 patients who had had clinical
      evaluation and determination of the serum thyroxine (T4) level, triiodothyronine
      resin uptake (T3RU), and RAIU (using 131I) within two weeks before and several
      months after the therapeutic dose of 131I. Before treatment, all patients had
      clinical hyperthyroidism, with an elevated T4 level and increased T3RU and RAIU.
      After treatment with 131I, eight patients (31%) had an RAIU that was discordant
      with their clinical and biochemical (T4 and T3RU) assessment. In six patients
      (23%) of the RAIU was inappropriately high, and in two patients (8%) it was
      inappropriately low. Since we did not identify any other factors known to
      interfere with the results of RAIU testing, we conclude that a therapeutic dose
      of 131I, may by itself increase or decrease a subsequent RAIU determination;
      therefore, after treatment with 131I, RAIU is not a good diagnostic index of
      thyroid activity.

PMID- 3368813
TI  - Alternatives in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.
AB  - Pain, bleeding, protrusion, soilage, itching, and burning are anorectal
      complaints associated with hemorrhoidal disease. Although hemorrhoidectomy
      remains the treatment of choice for grade 3 and 4 hemorrhoids, symptoms can be
      controlled short of hemorrhoidectomy, the alternative methods being effective in
      lesser degrees of involvement, such as grades 1, 2, and 3. Cryosurgery and
      dilation are fading alternatives; laser is becoming more widely used, but results
      have not been fully evaluated. Sclerotherapy, rubber band ligation, and infrared
      coagulation are also effective alternatives for patients who demand nonsurgical
      therapy.

PMID- 3368815
TI  - Creating risk-sensitive persons: the roles of choice and chance in staying
      healthy.
AB  - Having examined the relationships between risk-attitude and the practice of
      preventive health behavior, I suggest practical ways of creating more risk
      sensitive patients and health professionals. Personalizing risk and relating
      health behavior to individual values is a more effective way to create risk
      sensitive persons than relating risk behavior to specific diseases.

PMID- 3368814
TI  - White clot syndrome.
AB  - Heparin therapy is currently a vital component in the medical management of
      thromboembolic events. Despite its widespread use, it is associated with
      relatively few complications, and these are usually minor and quickly reversible.
      Recently a much more dramatic and serious complication of heparin therapy has
      been identified. In heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with associated thrombosis
      or "white clot syndrome," patients have paradoxic thromboembolic events while
      receiving heparin. These events are of acute onset and of major consequence,
      often resulting in limb loss or death. This paper describes our own experience
      with ten patients in whom the white clot syndrome occurred during heparin therapy
      for thrombotic or embolic events. Both porcine and bovine heparin preparations
      were being given through various routes. In the three cases in which platelet
      aggregation testing was completed, results were positive. Our ten patients
      ultimately had a 20% major limb amputation rate and an overall 50% mortality.

PMID- 3368816
TI  - The violent patient: what to do?
AB  - Violence is a common clinical problem that must be quickly assessed to be
      properly managed. The examiner should keep at a safe distance from the patient
      and conduct the interview in a firm but nonthreatening manner. Verbal
      intervention, pharmacotherapy, and occasionally, physical restraints are
      indicated as a first-line approach while treatment of the underlying medical or
      psychiatric abnormality is initiated. Once the violent patient is under control,
      management includes thorough diagnostic assessment, pharmacotherapy, careful
      psychotherapy, and mobilization of community resources.

PMID- 3368817
TI  - Perforation of the hypopharynx: demonstration by computerized tomography.
AB  - We have presented a case of hypopharyngeal rupture demonstrated by computerized
      tomography, which plays an invaluable role in the evaluation of neck trauma.

PMID- 3368819
TI  - Thymic carcinoma: clinical findings in two patients with extrathoracic
      metastases.
AB  - Two patients with widely metastatic thymic carcinoma form the basis for this
      review. Evidence of local tumor invasion at initial operation may be the best
      predictor of risk for relapse. Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin may
      be of benefit for some patients with metastatic disease.

PMID- 3368818
TI  - Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula.
AB  - Carotid-cavernous fistulas are uncommon, although not rare, complications of
      trauma to the base of the skull; they may result in cranial nerve palsies,
      blindness, and occasionally in devastating subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have
      presented a case of carotid-cavernous fistula in a 17-year-old boy, treated
      successfully with balloon embolization. Although surgical treatment was advocated
      in the past, the low morbidity and high success rate of percutaneous balloon
      embolization currently make this the procedure of choice.

PMID- 3368820
TI  - Splenic arteriovenous fistula with portal hypertension, ascites, and diarrhea.
AB  - A 66-year-old woman had sudden onset of portal hypertension manifested by
      diarrhea, ascites, and varices. When a splenic arteriovenous fistula was found to
      be the cause, the fistula was resected. Her signs and symptoms did not recur.

PMID- 3368821
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with metoclopramide.
AB  - The case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome presented was associated with the use
      of metoclopramide, a dopamine-blocking agent, which is normally used in
      nonpsychiatric patients. The patient was successfully treated with dantrolene and
      bromocriptine. Nonpsychiatrist physicians should be aware of this complication of
      metoclopramide, as it is potentially fatal.

PMID- 3368822
TI  - Posttraumatic Pasteurella multocida meningitis.
AB  - The patient described was immunologically compromised by multisystem trauma.
      Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the respiratory tract and subsequently
      from the cerebrospinal fluid; direct spread apparently occurred by way of a
      basilar skull fracture. Sepsis was absent. He was successfully treated but
      subsequently had hydrocephalus, which has not previously been reported to occur
      after P multocida meningitis. Because of the opportunistic nature of this
      infrequent human commensal and the significant morbidity and mortality associated
      with it, we believe that isolation of Pasteurella multocida from the respiratory
      tract justifies treatment, especially in the compromised host.

PMID- 3368823
TI  - Korsakoff's psychosis due to massive beer intake provoked by diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Posttraumatic diabetes insipidus, acute pancreatitis, and Wernicke's
      encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis in a 33-year-old white male alcohol
      abuser resulted in near-fatal cardiovascular collapse. The Wernicke's
      encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis resulted from drinking massive
      quantities of beer to satisfy the thirst induced by diabetes insipidus. Although
      the diabetes insipidus was controlled with vasopressin, and the need for
      vasopressin resolved two months after diagnosis, the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
      had not resolved by six months.

PMID- 3368824
TI  - Aspergillosis in a healthy host.
AB  - This case report describes an unusual occurrence of invasive aspergillosis in a
      previously healthy, nonimmunocompromised woman. Repeatedly positive sputum
      cultures were misinterpreted as not significant, and the diagnosis was not made
      until after the patient died. Serial sputum cultures positive for Aspergillus in
      a patient with pneumonia who is not responding to treatment should prompt the
      clinician to consider invasive aspergillosis.

PMID- 3368825
TI  - Diagnostic peritoneal lavage for blunt abdominal trauma: an unusual result.
AB  - We have reported the unusual finding of a grossly bile-stained peritoneal lavage
      24 hours after blunt abdominal trauma, associated with neither enteric, hepatic,
      nor biliary tract injury at laparotomy. Intraoperative transcholecystic
      cholangiography is recommended in such a situation to rule out biliary tract
      injury.

PMID- 3368826
TI  - A new complication of the park bench position.

PMID- 3368827
TI  - Capgras delusion.

PMID- 3368828
TI  - Sleep deprivation and intern performance.

PMID- 3368829
TI  - Rates of generation of methotrexate-resistant variants in cells temperature
      sensitive for malignant transformation.
AB  - We used tsLA23-NRK cells, in which malignant transformation is under the control
      of a temperature-sensitive (ts) src oncogene, to examine the relationship between
      genetic instability and malignant transformation. Cells were maintained in vitro
      as either transformed cells (at 36 degrees C) or as normal cells (at 39 degrees
      C). Genetic instability was assessed in these two cell populations by determining
      (1) the frequencies of methotrexate (MTX)-resistant variants present in these
      populations, and (2) the rates of generation of MTX-resistant variants, as
      determined from Luria-Delbruck fluctuation analyses. We observed no significant
      differences, in either of these parameters of genetic instability, that could be
      attributed to transformation status. We conclude that in this defined cellular
      system there is no obligatory relationship between malignant transformation and
      increased genetic instability, as assessed by either frequencies or rates of
      generation of variants resistant to MTX.

PMID- 3368830
TI  - [Mechanical circulation outflow of the right heart ventricle].

PMID- 3368831
TI  - [Surgical complications of permanent cardiac stimulation therapy].

PMID- 3368832
TI  - [Accidental hypothermia].

PMID- 3368833
TI  - [Comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach in pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3368834
TI  - [Surgical treatment of less common forms of thyroid diseases].

PMID- 3368835
TI  - [Personal experience with transduodenal papillosphincterotomy].

PMID- 3368836
TI  - [Agenesis of the gallbladder].

PMID- 3368837
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts].

PMID- 3368838
TI  - [Indications for retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the comprehensive treatment
      of malignant tumors of the testis].

PMID- 3368839
TI  - [Mesocaine-alcohol block for hemorrhoids and anal fissure].

PMID- 3368840
TI  - [Injuries in children based on 20 years' data (1964-1983)].

PMID- 3368842
TI  - The challenges of an aging population.

PMID- 3368843
TI  - Infant mortality, 1986: national and international differences.

PMID- 3368841
TI  - Older Americans' health.

PMID- 3368845
TI  - Population slowdown in the United States.

PMID- 3368844
TI  - Costs of an appendectomy: regional variations.

PMID- 3368846
TI  - A test of compassion.

PMID- 3368847
TI  - Survey shows few malpractice claims against NP's.

PMID- 3368848
TI  - The changing marketplace--nursing meets the demand.

PMID- 3368849
TI  - [Determination of the right ventricular volume and ejection fraction by
      echocardiography (a comparison with angiographic data)].
AB  - The determination of function of all cardiac chambers is important in clinical
      practice. The improvement of the method of two-dimensional echocardiography
      permitting visualization of the right ventricle (RV) in different topographic
      projections made possible ultrasonic assessment of RV function. The RV volume and
      ejection fraction were determined by two-dimensional echocardiography in 25
      patients and the results obtained were compared with contrast ventriculography
      findings. Taking into account the complexity of geometrical shape of the right
      ventricle its volume based on the results of echocardiography, equaled the sum of
      the volumes of 3 figures: 2 frusta and one cone. Comparing the results obtained
      by two methods, significant correlation of all indices characterizing RV function
      (r-0.85-0.89) was revealed. The prospects of future development of the
      calculation of RV volumetric indices by the results of two-dimensional
      echocardiography were discussed. Limitations of the use of this method were
      described.

PMID- 3368850
TI  - [Information value of right precordial ECG leads in the diagnosis of right
      ventricular myocardial infarct].
AB  - An analysis of the right ECG precordial leads in 61 patients with left
      ventricular posteroinferior myocardial infarction and in 55 patients with
      combined affection of the right and left ventricular posteroinferior walls
      revealed a high informative value of ST segment elevation for recognition of
      right ventricular myocardial infarction on the 1st day. Further on the formation
      of the QS complex in V3R-5R leads was of certain value. Combined assessment of ST
      segment elevation and the QS formation in the right precordial leads
      significantly increased diagnostic potentialities in the detection of right
      ventricular myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3368852
TI  - [Characteristics of the pathogenesis of primary and secondary stomach ulcers].
AB  - The authors studied acid and nonparietal secretion and the level of the blood
      flow in the gastric mucosa combined with the determination in it of the
      concentrations of prostaglandins (PGE and PGF2 alpha) and cyclic nucleotides
      (cAMP and cGMP) in 39 patients with primary (mostly medio-gastric) gastric
      ulcers, in 22 patients with secondary gastric lesions (with relation to duodenal
      ulcer) and in 58 patients with peptic ulcer. 30 healthy persons were investigated
      for control. More active acid secretion of the stomach was shown in the patients
      with secondary ulcers (as compared to the patients with primary ulcers) with
      similar indices of bicarbonate and fucose. The deficit of PGE in gastric mucosa
      was observed in ulcers of different sites with its lowest values in secondary
      gastric ulcers. In the patients with primary and secondary gastric ulcers the
      level of mucosal PGF2 alpha was decreased, in duodenal ulcer it was normal. A
      higher rate of the gastric blood flow was observed in the patients with duodenal
      and secondary gastric ulcers, and a normal one-in primary gastric ulcers. Normal
      gastrinemia was noted in ulcers of different sites. The development of secondary
      gastric ulcers in patients with duodenal ulcers appeared to result from
      insufficiency of prostaglandin biosynthesis in the gastric mucosa.

PMID- 3368851
TI  - [Regional contractility of the left ventricle during the performance of an atrial
      stimulation test in patients with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Catheterization of the coronary sinus, the atrial stimulation test with repeated
      ventriculographies and investigation of myocardial metabolism of lactate, and
      coronary ventriculography were performed in 25 CHD patients. The absence of
      interrelationships between the gravity of affection of the coronary arteries and
      changes in left ventricular contractility in the atrial stimulation test, a
      limited role of quantitative determination of myocardial extraction of lactate
      and the absence of direct interrelationships between metabolic and mechanical
      symptoms of myocardial ischemia were established.

PMID- 3368853
TI  - [Diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis].

PMID- 3368854
TI  - [Blood components, preparations and blood substitutes in the emergency therapy of
      patients with liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Therapeutic action of blood components, preparations and substitutes was studied
      in liver cirrhosis patients with deep anemia, marked hemorrhagic complications,
      endogenous toxicosis, protein insufficiency and rheological disorders. A high
      efficacy of different media was shown in urgent therapy of liver cirrhosis
      patients. A choice of drugs was determined by the patients' initial status and
      specificities of purpose-oriented action of modern transfusion and infusion
      media.

PMID- 3368855
TI  - [Trial of the combined use of trental and solcoseryl in treating patients with
      chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - The effect of combined use of pentoxifylline and solcoseryl was studied in 35
      patients with chronic pancreatitis. General clinical findings were studied in
      parallel with the time course of pancreatic exocrine (trypsin) and endocrine
      (insulin, C-peptide) function. The blood level of gastrin and changes in
      intestinal function using 131I-lipids were also studied. The incorporation of
      both drugs in multimodality therapy made a positive therapeutic effect, resulting
      in a decrease in the pain syndrome and dyspeptic symptoms. At the same time some
      favorable shifts in pancreatic and GI tract function were noted. Possible
      mechanisms of a positive therapeutic effect were discussed. A conclusion was made
      that the incorporation of pentoxifylline and solcoseryl in multimodality therapy
      of chronic pancreatitis was clinically justified and determined pathogenetically.

PMID- 3368856
TI  - [Treatment of patients with food toxinfections in middle and old age].
AB  - Altogether 320 elderly and old-aged patients with alimentary toxinfections
      suffering from essential hypertension (65.9%), coronary heart disease (39.3%),
      atherosclerosis (29.3%) were observed. A severe course of toxinfection was noted
      in 5.9% of the patients, an average severe course in 94.1%. The patients received
      intravenously the "quartasol" solution in full volume (25.7%) or the ORS solution
      with sodium hydroxycitrate per os (74.3%). Therapeutic efficacy was high.
      Antihypertensive therapy and antianginal drugs were simultaneously administered.
      Neither complications nor side effects were observed during therapy of the
      elderly and old-aged patients with alimentary toxinfections. In addition to the
      above therapy all the patients received sparing diet and enzyme preparations.

PMID- 3368857
TI  - [Hormonal mechanisms of morphofunctional changes in the gastric mucosa in chronic
      gastritis].
AB  - The authors gave morphometric assessment of the mucous membrane of the stomach
      (MMS), investigated the proliferative activity of its cells and the levels of
      cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in 60 patients with different types of chronic
      gastritis. A parallel study was made of the blood levels of cortisol, thyroxine,
      insulin, STH, and gastrin. 10 healthy persons were investigated for control. A
      decrease in MMS thickness, redistribution of the sizable lobes of the glandular
      epithelium and stroma in favor of the latter were shown in atrophic (but not
      superficial) gastritis. In patients with atrophic gastritis the proliferative
      activity of MMS cells was significantly raised, the blood levels of cortisol and
      gastrin were elevated, the level of thyroxine was lowered, and insulin and STH
      levels were normal. Marked MMS atrophy was accompanied by cAMP and cGMP
      insufficiency. The relationships between the morphofunctional status and the
      proliferative activity of MMS cells, on the one hand, and the activity of the
      hormonal-cyclase systems, on the other hand, were followed. The mechanisms of
      pathological regeneration of MMS cell elements was specified, and its importance
      in the morphogenesis of atrophic gastritis was confirmed.

PMID- 3368859
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme system of the gastric mucosa in
      peptic ulcer].
AB  - Lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system were studied in the
      mucous membrane of the stomach of 60 patients with peptic ulcer. Maximum
      activation of lipid peroxidation was at the ulcer edges and in the surrounding
      mucosa. In the same regions the following changes were noted: an increase in the
      activity of superoxide dismutase, depression of activity of glutathione
      peroxidase and glutathione reductase, a decrease in the amount of reduced
      glutathione and accumulation of oxidated glutathione. Activation of lipid
      peroxidation and disruption of activity of the antioxidant system in the mucous
      membrane of the stomach were considered to be important pathogenetic factors
      leading to a chronic and recurrent course of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3368858
TI  - [Elimination of glycosaminoglycans in duodenal peptic ulcer and problems of its
      pathogenesis].
AB  - Changes in the excretion and composition of proteoglycans specific for duodenal
      ulcer were studied in 50 patients with duodenal ulcer, 30 patients with gastric
      ulcer, 30 patients with chronic endogenous gastroduodenitis and in 35 healthy
      persons. In all the examinees proteoglycans were isolated from daily urine, their
      carbohydrate components--glycosaminoglycans (GAG)--were separated and divided
      into fractions (keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin
      sulfate-4, chondroitin sulfate-6, dermatan sulfate, and heparin) by column
      chromatography on unmodified cellulose. It has been established that only peptic
      ulcer is characterized by disorders in GAG excretion differing in the period of
      exacerbation and remission. Changes in the composition of proteoglycans excreted
      with urine resulted probably from a deficiency of chondroitin sulfate-6 in
      patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. The deficiency was more marked during
      exacerbation but did not disappear in the period of remission of duodenal ulcer
      either.

PMID- 3368860
TI  - [Characteristics of the periodic motor activity of the upper gastrointestinal
      tract in peptic ulcer and chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - A study was made of the periodical motor activity (PMA) of the antral part of the
      stomach (APS) and duodenum (D) using a manometric system of 4 continuously
      perfused catheters in 96 patients with peptic ulcer, 20 patients with ulcer of
      the body of the stomach, 26--with chronic pancreatitis, and in 16 healthy
      controls. PMA was normal only in 14 patients (10%). Different PMA disorders were
      revealed: increased frequency, decreased frequency, change of the duration of
      some phases, the occurrence of the activity site more distally of APS or even D,
      loss of coordination of antroduodenal motor activity, a decrease in APS motor
      activity, disorganization of the 2nd phase, etc. Possible mechanisms of PMA
      disorders were discussed.

PMID- 3368861
TI  - [The degree of gastroesophageal reflux during treatment of the exacerbation of
      duodenal peptic ulcer by various drugs].
AB  - Values of intraesophageal pH, basal fundal pH and hydrochloric acid debit were
      studied in 73 patients with exacerbation of peptic ulcer on the first days of
      exacerbation and 2-4 weeks after the initiation of therapy with various drugs.
      Gastrozepin and cimetidine in parallel with gastric acidity inhibition reduced
      regularly and considerably a degree of gastroesophageal reflux in the patients.
      The action of combined vicalin and almagel therapy was manifested later on and
      was less marked.

PMID- 3368862
TI  - [Use of luminescence analysis of biopsies of the gastric mucosa in the prognosis
      of gastric peptic ulcer].
AB  - Luminescence analysis of gastric biopsy specimens reflecting the state of cell
      respiration of the mucous membrane of the stomach (MMS) was used for endoscopic
      investigation of 271 patients with gastric ulcer (GU). A degree of decrease of
      the patients' own luminescence (DDPL) in an ordinary course of GU with a
      favorable outcome of cicatrization (108 patients) did not exceed 25% at the ulcer
      edge and 10% in the periulcerative zone. Prognosis of malignant transformation of
      ulcer and the development of callous gastric ulcer was based on the detection of
      a sharp decrease in the level of luminescence at the ulcer edge. A conclusion was
      made of a high prognostic value of luminescence endoscopy in GU.

PMID- 3368863
TI  - [Changes in the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein fractions of patients with
      acute alcoholic hepatitis].
AB  - Some serum lipid and lipoprotein fractions were investigated in 58 patients with
      acute alcoholic hepatitis and in 20 clinically healthy subjects. A significantly
      higher level of cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, free
      cholesterol and a lower level of esterified cholesterol were detected in the
      patients with alcoholic hepatitis. The level of beta-lipoproteins was raised, a
      beta-lipoproteins/alpha-lipoproteins ratio rising significantly. In 71% of the
      patients the presence of LP-cholesterol as a symptom of evident or clinically
      latent cholestasis was revealed. The above changes were correlated, to a large
      extent, with the gravity of liver affection.

PMID- 3368865
TI  - [Pure pancreatic juice studied in the diagnosis of the exacerbation of chronic
      recurrent pancreatitis].

PMID- 3368864
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and the mechanisms of hepatocyte damage and protection in
      chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis].
AB  - A study was made of the indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO)--conjugated dienes
      (CD) and diene ketones (D), cyclic nucleotides (CN)--cAMP and cGMP,
      prostaglandins (PG) E and F2 alpha in biopsy tissue of the liver in 55 patients
      with chronic hepatitis (CH) and liver cirrhosis (LC). LPO was determined by
      spectrophotometry, CH and LC--by a radioimmunoassay. In patients with CPH and CAH
      the indices of LPO and cGMP were normal, cAMP, PG and PGE/PGF2 alpha were raised.
      In a severe fast progressive liver lesion disorder of coordination activity of
      the cell membranous systems was characterized by a high LPO activity, a decrease
      in cAMP and relative deficit of liver PG.

PMID- 3368866
TI  - [Calcium-regulating hormones of the blood in patients with chronic pancreatitis].
AB  - The concentrations of calcitonin and parathormone were studied in 63 patients
      with chronic pancreatitis during exacerbation. The results obtained were analyzed
      with relation to the state of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function, gravity
      of disease and the blood level of calcium. The concentration of calcitonin was
      considerably raised, the most noticeable elevation was observed in patients with
      a severe course. The level of calcitonin also rose frequently in patients with
      high activity of blood pancreatic enzymes (amylase and radioimmune trypsin) and
      hyperglucagonemia. The level of parathormone did not undergo marked changes.

PMID- 3368868
TI  - [Mechanisms of the chronicity of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3368867
TI  - [Changes in the immune status of patients with chronic stasis of the large
      intestine].
AB  - The authors analyzed immunological changes in 56 patients with chronic colon
      stasis at the compensated and decompensated stages. Clinicoimmunological
      investigation of these patients permitted the detection of considerable changes
      in the system of homeostasis against a background of chronic inflammation of the
      colon mucous membrane, dysbacteriosis, colon microflora, and intoxication. Signs
      of secondary immunodeficiency with simultaneous involvement of compensatory
      mechanisms of nonspecific and specific body defence were noted in the patients.
      More profound changes were revealed at the decompensated stage. Immunomodulating
      measures produce a normalizing effect on immunity indices and on the entire
      system of homeostasis.

PMID- 3368869
TI  - [Cavitary and membranous digestion in patients with chronic enteritis].
AB  - The method of aspiration biopsy and carbohydrate and lipid tolerance tests were
      employed for a study of cavitary and membranous digestion in 59 patients. This
      disease was characterized by an irregular decrease in the level of various
      enzymes and the rates of absorption of nutritional monomers. The clinical
      symptoms of disease were shown to be caused by structural changes in the
      intestinal mucous membrane leading to a syndrome of intolerance of some
      nutrients. In a grave course of disease membranous digestion remained
      considerably lowered in spite of therapeutic measures.

PMID- 3368870
TI  - [Proliferation of intestinal bacteria in the upper intestines in the presence of
      the right hypochondrium syndrome].

PMID- 3368871
TI  - [Characteristics of the pharmacotherapy of chronic heart failure under high
      altitude conditions].
AB  - A study was made of the peculiarities of therapy of chronic heart failure (CHF)
      resulting from rheumatic heart disease under low-altitude (200 patients) and high
      altitude (139 patients) conditions using strophanthin (76 patients), digoxin (76
      patients), myofedrin (30 patients), nitroglycerin (43 patients), nitrong (35
      patients), corvaton (46 patients), hydralazine (40 patients), nifedipine (52
      patients), and verapamil (31 patients). It was shown that glycoside intoxication
      was twice as frequent in the patients with severe CHF under high-altitude
      conditions requiring the use of lower doses of cardiac glycosides and more
      thorough medical control. Better response to nitrates, corvaton, hydralazine, and
      nifedipine in multimodality treatment of CHF was found in mountain dwellers. Low
      clinical and hemodynamic results and frequent side effects of myofedrin and
      verapamil were established limiting their wide use in CHF patients living under
      high-altitude conditions.

PMID- 3368872
TI  - [Effectiveness of propranolol in an acute test and a course of treatment in
      patients with stenocardia].
AB  - A comparative study of antianginal propranolol efficacy in an acute test and 7
      days after regular therapy in patients with a stable form of angina of effort has
      shown that the duration of beta-blockade and antianginal action of the drug
      increases during course therapy at individual doses in a 3-4-fold regimen of
      administration. Sharp reduction of a degree of the antianginal effect of
      propranolol was noted almost in 42% of the patients on regular therapy which
      could be accounted for by an increase in beta-blocker negative inotropic action.
      In the group of patients in whom propranolol antianginal efficacy was on a
      decrease during course therapy, not a single clinical or hemodynamic sign was
      defined permitting the prediction of a reduced effect of propranolol during
      course therapy.

PMID- 3368873
TI  - Methodological proposal in behavioural teratogenicity testing: assessment of
      propoxyphene, chlorpromazine, and vitamin A as positive controls.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received either 80 mg/kg d-propoxyphene HCl or 20
      mg/kg chlorpromazine HCl or 80,000 and 160,000 IU/kg vitamin A palmitate daily
      between the 6th and 20th days of gestation. Vehicle control groups were similarly
      treated with saline or corn oil and considered as negative controls. Offspring
      were examined for physical landmarks, neuromotor development, and behaviour using
      righting reflex, swimming, negative geotaxis, open field, rotarod, water maze,
      and nocturnal activity. This test battery included biochemical measurements. No
      reduction in parental weight and physical offspring development was observed. All
      these treatments produced long-term changes in more than one test. Vitamin A
      palmitate (160,000 IU/kg) was judged as the best positive control with this test
      battery for future investigation of the behavioural teratology of drugs.

PMID- 3368874
TI  - Maternal cocaine use and genitourinary tract malformations.
AB  - A specific fetal disruption syndrome associated with maternal cocaine use has not
      as yet been documented. In the first 23 pregnancies evaluated in our program for
      chemically dependent women, one infant with prune belly syndrome and one infant
      with hypospadias were delivered to cocaine-using women. In the present study, all
      infants delivered in our program received a renal ultrasound at 2-3 days of life.
      Fifty infants born to cocaine-using women (group I) and 30 born to polydrug,
      noncocaine-using women (group II) were evaluated. The two groups of women were
      similar for age, gravidity, and race. Mean birth weight of the infants in the two
      groups was similar. Seven infants in group I demonstrated genitourinary tract
      malformations while there were no infants with such malformations in group II. It
      is hypothesized that the vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine could explain the
      abnormalities of the genitourinary tract found in the cocaine-exposed infants.

PMID- 3368876
TI  - Blood alcohol concentration and microencephaly: a dose-response study in the
      neonatal rat.
AB  - The relationships among microencephaly, peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC),
      and dose of alcohol were examined in a rat model of third-trimester fetal alcohol
      effects. Ethyl alcohol was administered to neonatal rats from postnatal day 4 to
      day 10 during the brain growth spurt via an artificial rearing technique. Groups
      of rats received one of nine doses of alcohol (0.0, 2.5, 3.3, 4.0, 4.5, 5.3, 6.6,
      7.5, or 8.5 g/kg body weight) administered in 8 hours each day. BACs were
      determined on postnatal days 6 and 7 at times corresponding to peak and trough
      BACs, respectively. On postnatal day 10, brains were removed, and total brain
      weights, cerebellar weights and brainstem weights were measured. Pups receiving
      4.0 g/kg/day or less had mean peak BACs below 150 mg/dl and did not exhibit
      significant microencephaly when compared with controls. Higher dosages further
      increased the peak BAC and produced significant microencephaly. While a dose of
      4.5 g/kg/day was sufficient to decrease significantly both total brain weight and
      cerebellar weight, a minimum dose of 6.6 g/kg/day was required for significant
      restriction of brainstem weight. The dose of 7.5 g/kg/day yielded a mean peak BAC
      of 420 mg/dl and reduced total brain weight, cerebellar weight, and brainstem
      weight by 33%, 52%, and 22%, respectively, relative to controls. Exposure to 8.5
      g/kg/day was uniformly lethal. Peak BAC and total brain weight were highly
      correlated (r = -.916). As peak BAC increased, total brain weight decreased
      linearly. Comparisons with previous studies indicate that condensing the daily
      dose of alcohol effectively reduced the threshold doses for microencephaly and
      lethality.

PMID- 3368875
TI  - Niridazole metabolism by rat embryos in vitro.
AB  - We report the results of studies on the reductive activation of the
      schistosomicidal agent, niridazole (NDZ). Intact rat embryos in vitro reduced
      this compound, generating a stable metabolite in the presence of 5% O2. By
      contrast, embryo and yolk sac homogenates or liver microsomes appeared to require
      anaerobiasis. Malformation incidence--specifically, axial asymmetry--showed a
      strong correlation with nitroreductase activity rates when the latter were
      modulated by oxygen tension. Data presented here suggest that when embryos are
      exposed to NDZ under conditions of low oxygen in vitro, redox cycling ensues with
      molecular oxygen serving to oxidize early reduction products. This process
      continues, regenerating the parent compound until oxygen is depleted locally. The
      basis of this localized depletion is unknown, but inability of the immature
      supply system to replete oxygen or demand by precociously aerobic tissues may be
      involved. Once local anaerobiasis is attained, further reduction could generate
      toxic metabolites capable of covalently binding cellular macromolecules.
      Localized hypoxia represents another potential mechanism of dysmorphogenesis.

PMID- 3368877
TI  - Hypoploidy and hyperplasia in the developing brain exposed to alcohol in utero.
AB  - Prenatal effects of acute maternal alcohol ingestion on chromosome segregation
      and mitotic frequency in the brain cells of the fetus were evaluated in mice by
      direct chromosome and mitotic counts and by flow cytometry. Fetuses were exposed
      to acute transplacental doses of alcohol for 4 days and killed on the fifth day.
      Those litters in which the fetuses were developed to the equivalent of normal
      16th-17th-day gestation age were analyzed. A marked increase in the number of
      hypoploid metaphases was observed in direct proportion to the dose ingested by
      the mother. An over 30% increase in hypoploidy over controls was measured in the
      fetuses exposed to the highest dose. Counts of mitotic cells showed an over
      tenfold increase in the mitotic index of the fetal brain exposed to alcohol. Flow
      cytometric measurements of DNA content in isolated fetal brain cell nuclei showed
      a shift from a single G0/G1 peak in controls to a bimodal G0/G1-G2 + M
      distribution in alcohol-exposed fetuses of the same developmental age.

PMID- 3368878
TI  - Aspirin exposure during the first 20 weeks of gestation and IQ at four years of
      age.
AB  - The relationship between maternal aspirin use during the first 20 weeks of
      pregnancy and the child's IQ at 4 years of age was investigated in 19,226
      pregnancies occurring from 1959 to 1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project.
      The mean IQ of children exposed to aspirin was 98.3, which was 2.1 points higher
      (95% confidence interval = 1.7, 2.6; P less than 0.0001) than that of unexposed
      children. Adjustment for multiple social, demographic, and other confounders
      reduced this difference to less than one point in favor of the aspirin exposed
      group, although statistical significance remained. Total days of exposure was
      used as an index of dose, and no dose-response relationship between aspirin use
      and IQ was found. The effect of prenatal aspirin exposure did not vary by infant
      sex. It is concluded that an adverse effect of aspirin exposure on IQ is
      unlikely.

PMID- 3368879
TI  - Developmental-stage-dependent radiosensitivity of neural cells in the ventricular
      zone of telencephalon in mouse and rat fetuses.
AB  - Pregnant ICR mice were treated with single whole-body X-radiation at a dose of
      0.24 Gy on day 10, 13, or 15 of gestation. Fetuses were obtained from mothers
      during 1 and 24 hours after irradiation. Pyknotic cells in the ventricular zone
      of telencephalon were counted in serial histological sections. Incidence of
      pyknotic cells peaked during 6 and 9 hours after irradiation in each gestation
      day group. Then, dose-response curves were obtained 6 hours after 0-0.48 Gy of
      irradiation. All three dose-response curves showed clear linearity in the dose
      range lower than 0.24 Gy. Ratios of radiosensitivity estimated from the slopes of
      dose-response curves in day 10, 13, and 15 groups were 1, 1.4, and 0.4,
      respectively. These demonstrated that ventricular cells in the day 13 fetal
      telencephalon were the most radiosensitive among the three different age groups.
      In order to confirm the presence of the highly radiosensitive stage common to
      mammalian cerebral cortical histogenesis, pregnant F344 rats were treated with
      single whole-body gamma-irradiation at a dose of 0.48 Gy on day 13, 14, 15, 17,
      or 19 of gestation. The incidence of pyknotic cells in the ventricular zone of
      telencephalon was examined microscopically during 1 and 24 hours after
      irradiation. The peak incidence was shown 6 hours after irradiation in all the
      treated groups, and the highest peak incidence was shown in day-15-treated group.
      The developmental stage of telencephalon of day 15 rat fetuses was comparable to
      that of day 13 mouse fetuses. Thus, the highest radiosensitivity in terms of
      acute cell death was shown in the same developmental stage of brain development,
      i.e., the beginning phase of cerebral cortical histogenesis, in both mice and
      rats.

PMID- 3368880
TI  - Time-lapse photographic study of neural tube closure defects caused by xylocaine
      in the chick.
AB  - Sequential changes in the morphology of early chick embryos were, for the first
      time, photographically recorded. Embryos were explanted at stage 8 (four-somite)
      or 9- (six-somite) of development using New's technique and grown in nutrient
      medium (thin albumen) with or without a teratologic dose (200 micrograms/ml) of
      xylocaine. They were photographed using a Nikon Diaphot inverted microscope
      equipped with both phase-contrast optics and photomicrographic accessories
      maintained in an incubator. It was found, among other things, that a
      characteristic neural tube closure defect often seen in the midbrain and anterior
      portion of the hindbrain of xylocaine (200 micrograms/ml)-treated chick embryos
      was a consequence of failure of the neural tube to withstand the tension
      generated by the rapidly expanding cephalic region, which occurred, regardless of
      the stage at explanation, when corresponding control embryos had advanced to
      stage 10+ (11-somite) of development.

PMID- 3368881
TI  - Potential role of somatomedin inhibitors in the production of diabetic
      embryopathies.
AB  - Mouse conceptuses at the 18-21-somite stage were grown for 2-24 h in vitro in the
      presence of a serum fraction (Mr = 800-1,080 daltons) possessing somatomedin
      inhibitory activity (SI) isolated from diabetic rats. Following an 8-h exposure
      to the SI, DNA and incorporation of 3H-thymidine were reduced in the embryos
      while 12 h was required to observe a reduction in total protein and RNA. At the
      24-h time point, the neurectoderm was thinner than in controls, and
      autoradiograms of this region showed a substantial decrease in grain density with
      3H-thymidine, but not 3H-leucine or -uridine. Effects of the visceral yolk sac
      (VYS) preceded those on the embryo. The cytoplasm of the VYS endoderm cells from
      conceptuses exposed to the SI contained many vacuoles by 4 h, which were larger
      by 24 h. Total protein was greater than in controls from 4 h onward, although 3H
      leucine incorporation, which had increased after 2 h of SI exposure, returned to
      control levels by 8 h. As seen by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, VYSs
      from conceptuses exposed to the SI for 4 or 24 h were enriched (compared to
      control VYSs) in four protein bands also present in the culture medium (primarily
      rat serum), suggesting that protein degradation and/or transfer of amino acids
      and peptides to the embryo was inhibited in these VYSs. Such a conclusion was
      supported by a quantitative decrease in proteins and amino acids in the
      exocoelomic fluid of conceptuses exposed to the SI for 24 h. The altered
      processing of proteins may therefore represent a primary cause of the SI-induced
      embryonic abnormalities.

PMID- 3368882
TI  - SEM in studies on abnormal cardiac development.

PMID- 3368883
TI  - Mortality and parenting: an ethical framework for decisions about the treatment
      of imperiled newborns.

PMID- 3368884
TI  - Accountability and team care.

PMID- 3368885
TI  - Modes of understanding and mindfulness in clinical medicine.

PMID- 3368887
TI  - Health examination and scientific inference in occupational health service.

PMID- 3368888
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the ureteral calculus].

PMID- 3368886
TI  - Hysterectomy and autonomy.

PMID- 3368890
TI  - [Limits of treating calculi with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

PMID- 3368889
TI  - [Course of calculi following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy--passive or
      active procedure?].

PMID- 3368891
TI  - [Use of auxiliary measures within the scope of extracorporeal shockwave
      lithotripsy].

PMID- 3368892
TI  - [Effect of shockwave lithotripsy on the kidney].

PMID- 3368893
TI  - [The staghorn calculus: what treatment?].

PMID- 3368894
TI  - [Iatrogenic urolithiasis].

PMID- 3368895
TI  - [On the care of swine].

PMID- 3368896
TI  - [The effect of semen collection on heart and respiratory rate and creatine kinase
      activity in boars].
AB  - Semen collection leads to distinct increases of heart and respiratory rates as
      well as of creatine kinase activity in the boar. In extreme cases, especially in
      animals susceptible for stress, it can cause exertional myopathies. As a sign of
      marked stress resistance boars of the race German Large White show very slight
      reactions in comparison with boars of the German Landrace, Belgian Landrace and
      Pietrain.

PMID- 3368897
TI  - [The survival ability of pasteurella in the environment with special reference to
      the airborne situation].
AB  - This paper deals with so-called "indicator germs" in the air of stables, such as
      Micrococci, E. coli and Pasteurella species. It is pointed out, that mostly the
      sources of these germs are the animals themselves. Studying the sources of
      airborne bacteria our working group found a close correlation between applicated
      antibiotics (Chloramphenicol) and the resistance of airborne bacteria against
      this antibiotic. Spreading models lead to the conclusion that about 250-500 m
      around a stable there is a region of higher contamination by dust and infectious
      risk is increased.

PMID- 3368898
TI  - [Hoof diseases as a result of stall floor defects].
AB  - The pig's hoof is characterized by sudden changes between hard and soft horn and
      a high growth rate of the horn wall. These facts contribute to the high incidence
      of hoof alterations, which is seen in various inadequate floors. Hoof alterations
      are only painful in cases, where the corium is irritated. Some hoof alterations
      are described, the question of poor footing is discussed. The author provides
      recommendations regarding the recognition of inadequate barn floors and their
      improvement. Stable claws develop in animals housed on floors with soft surfaces
      or under restricted movement. Hoof cracks or soft heel ulcers are frequently seen
      in animals housed on rough and abrasive floors. Slatted floors with wide gaps and
      sharp edges cause a high rate of lesions at the coronary border. The construction
      of slatted floors should be done with respect to the size of the hooves, which is
      related to the body weight. For prevention of lesions the gaps should not exceed
      the given values.

PMID- 3368899
TI  - [The pathogenesis of erysipelas arthritis].
AB  - Experimental chronic erysipelas polyarthritis in rat, induced by living
      erysipelas bacteria, histologically can be divided into four different phases. In
      the phase of population bacteria are distributed diffusely within the whole joint
      but accumulate in the transitional zones and entheses by multiplication within
      the ground substance of cartilage. In the phase of acute destruction a severe
      inflammation of all joint tissues predominates. Bacterial antigen is eliminated
      by a pannus tissue destroying the cartilaginous structures. In the following
      phase a diffuse dystrophy of articular cartilage dominates. The reason for this
      process is not clear; within the cartilage bacterial antigen can seldom be
      demonstrated, but it accumulates intracellularly in the periphery of the joints
      (e.g. dense connective tissue, muscles). In the chronic phase we find a
      lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the subsynovium, a lining cell hyperplasia, and
      pannus formation arising from the epiphyseal bone marrow cavity. The relation
      between chronic inflammation and destruction in the central and antigen
      persistence in the outer parts of the joints is a matter of current
      investigation.

PMID- 3368900
TI  - [The effect of the light intensity under daylight and artificial light conditions
      in supply centers on the fertility of breeding sows].
AB  - The influence of light intensity in service areas on fertility of breeding sows
      under daylight as well as artificial light conditions has been confirmed. Under
      conditions of confinement, which are necessary for epidemic reasons too, the
      improvement of lighting is possible in two ways: 1. By increasing daylight
      coefficients to at least 1.0% (300 Lx at overcast sky) using natural light more
      efficiently (window: floor ratio greater than 1:20 and/or south direction of
      windows, S-S-E, resulting in higher light intensities) during sunshine. These
      measures require some investment, but do not add to running expenses. 2. By
      additional artificial lighting with current-saving light bulbs (fluorescent
      lightings) and their fitting next to animals, which should result in at least 300
      Lx. The additional expenses seem to be acceptable versus improvement of sows
      fertility and better working conditions for staff.

PMID- 3368901
TI  - [Ovarian imbalance in swine].
AB  - The need for slaughtering sows is frequently related to fertility problems. These
      disturbances may be caused by uterine malfunction but for most instances they are
      the result of aberrations of ovarian function. Ovarian physiology of the sow
      highly depends upon rather complex events of both endocrinological and
      neuroendocrinological nature; disturbances of which may lead to either a stop of
      already started physiological patterns or even to a complete aberration. Atretic
      follicles, aberration of follicle maturing, ovarian cysts and low ovulation rates
      are common findings. Especially ovarian cysts have been seen on a high incidence
      in older sows. Results of recent research programs about the etiology of ovarian
      cysts are discussed.

PMID- 3368902
TI  - [Stress reactions in sows during difficult births and after transport].
AB  - Reactions during dystocia and after transport were studied in 66 sows (including
      47 sows of German Landrace and 11 of German Large White) by examination of
      clinical parameters and blood constituents. 15 sows (group 1) died within 24
      hours after investigation (7 had to be slaughtered before surgery and 8 died
      afterwards). 51 sows (group 2) survived dystocia or caesarean section
      respectively. A small chance of survival was correlated with fetal death,
      insufficiency of the peripheral circulatory system, lactacidaemia and metabolic
      acidosis, associated with increased respiratory and heart rates, as well as
      muscle degeneration with elevated plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK). The
      investigation showed, that reactions to stress of dystocia chiefly depend on
      individual stress susceptibility, but less on duration of birth, fetal death and
      toxaemia.

PMID- 3368903
TI  - [Gnotobiotic delivery and raising of piglets of the Gottinger miniature swine
      breed].
AB  - Germfree delivery and maintenance of two litters of Gottingen miniature pigs as
      well as equipment for operation, isolation and rearing are described. For a
      successful utilization of Gottingen miniature pigs following points have to be
      considered: 1. Hysterotomy has to take place on 113th day of gestation. For that
      reason it is absolutely necessary to know the exact date of mating and medical
      steps against spontaneous farrowing have to be taken. 2. In addition to
      extradural anaesthesia a light general anaesthesia is required to avoid sow
      losses in consequence of excitement and following circulatory collapse. 3. In the
      rearing isolator there have to be installations which allow an individual feeding
      of the piglets without fixation. In their first days of life newborn piglets
      should be handled as little as possible.

PMID- 3368904
TI  - [Stress reaction in boars of the German Landrace and Pietrain breeds during semen
      collection from the phantom].
AB  - The effect of the semen collection procedure at the phantom on heart and
      circulatory system, on blood values of the acid-base-equilibrium and on plasma
      enzyme values was investigated in four boars of the German Landrace and four
      boars of the Pietrain race. In most of the boars tachycardia (heart rate above
      239/min), an increase of plasma lactate concentration (above 10.0 mmol/l) and of
      plasma creatine kinase (CK) concentration (plasma CK above 1,000 U/l) were the
      consequences of the exertion by semen collection. The extent of the exertional
      reactions on heart and vasculatory parameters strongly depended on the individual
      disposition while in most of the metabolic blood values the two different races
      varied evidently. The values of CK 24 hours after semen collection were related
      to the plasma lactate concentration as well as to the heart rate during semen
      collection.

PMID- 3368905
TI  - [Endangered domestic animal breeds in German-speaking countries. V. Horses].
AB  - Due to motorization the heavy horses, in particular draught horses and carriage
      horses, were deprived of their "raison d'etre". At present therefore, they mostly
      are found in small livestocks. The past few years they regained some significance
      through their work in the forests, as an attraction in tourism or somewhere else.
      In German speaking countries approximately 15 horse breeds must be considered to
      be threatened in their existence. Breeding history, appearance, use and
      geographical distribution of 12 of them are discussed in this article.

PMID- 3368906
TI  - [Urination disorders due to preputial swelling in a gelding].

PMID- 3368907
TI  - [Microcirculation in the follicles and corpora lutea of the bovine ovary--a
      corrosion anatomical study].
AB  - With the help of a new synthetic material follicles and corpora lutea from the
      ovaries of 80 cows in different stages of the sexual cycle were examined for
      modifications of their blood vessel architecture. In the theca externa the main
      artery which runs towards the follicle, separates into arterioles of which
      capillaries derive in the theca interna, building a basket-like network around
      the zona granulosa. After ovulation the follicle wall forms characteristic
      fields. Capillaries grow into the zona granulosa and thus the folds form the
      lobular structure of the corpus luteum. Capillaries which rise from the ruptured
      part of the follicle, spread centripetally and together with lutein cells they
      build up the not lobulated cupola of the corpus luteum. The regression of the
      corpus luteum starts around the 16th day of the cycle, beginning at the capillary
      network of the cupola. A contraction of the vessels and a quick decrease of the
      volume follow.

PMID- 3368908
TI  - [Hypotrichosis and oligodontia, combined with an Xq-deletion, in a calf of the
      Swiss Holstein breed].
AB  - Hypotrichosis and oligodontia associated with a chromosomal anomaly (Xq-deletion)
      are described in a 11-month old cattle (Simmenthal/Red Holstein cross-breed).
      This chromosomal anomaly was accompanied with hairlessness and grievous teeth
      abnormalities. The animal had a very thin haircoat, had only one incisor and
      between one to three molars per mandible or maxilla. This resulted in reduced
      food intake, reduced rumination, and retarded growth. Post-mortem examination
      revealed lesions in the kidneys (bilateral chronic interstitial nephritis),
      adrenals (hyperplasia), pancreas (focal fibrosis) and abomasum (obstipation and
      multiple ulcers). Some of these abnormalities are comparable with the human
      "anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia" (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome) and supports
      the hypothesis that there are homologies in the X-chromosome of different
      mammals.

PMID- 3368909
TI  - [Localized tuberculosis in birds of prey].
AB  - In a reception station for birds of prey, a form of tuberculosis predominantly
      localized to thigh and shank, was observed in different species of predatory
      birds during seven years. It is still unknown why the tuberculous granulomas are
      confined to these regions of the body. Possible explanations are discussed.

PMID- 3368910
TI  - [The use of a beta 2-mimetic agent (clenbuterol) in equine pregnancy disorders
      and obstetrics].
AB  - A clinical study about the effects of a beta 2-mimetic agent (Clenbuterol) in
      mares with pregnancy disorders or disorders during the periparturient period (n =
      34) is reported. In general, a single dose of 0.3 mg Clenbuterol given i.v.
      induces sufficient tocolysis. Subsequent doses or follow-up treatment depend upon
      individual development during dystocia, indication of treatment and clinical
      preparturient status (dorsoflexio uteri ante partum, abortus imminens,
      preparturient labor pains).

PMID- 3368911
TI  - [Epibulbar melanoma in a cat].
AB  - In a nine-year-old female cat, the diagnostic procedure, therapy and differential
      diagnoses of a rare, primary, malignant, epibulbar melanoma are presented. Post
      operatively no recidivation or metastases occurred within 18 months.

PMID- 3368912
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism in cats].
AB  - 20 cases of feline hyperthyroidism are reported. The examinations were performed
      during 13 years. The hyperthyroid cats were diagnosed of about 23,000 cats
      examined in two internal veterinary clinics Giessen und Munich). Diagnosis can be
      performed with RIA or ELISA methods. Scintigrams had been done for examination of
      localization and function. Treatments were performed with radioactive iodine,
      thyroidectomy or thyrostatic drugs.

PMID- 3368913
TI  - [Applied anatomy of the hip joint in dogs].
AB  - Some introductory anatomical characteristics of both articular ends (coxal end of
      the femoral bone and the acetabulum) in the canine hip joint are described. In
      standard radiographs (ventro-dorsal view) the area of the coxal end of the femur
      overlapped by the dorsal part of the acetabulum is measured. The post operative
      increase of this area in 6 hip joints treated by unilateral "Triple-Osteotomy" is
      reported and discussed.

PMID- 3368914
TI  - [Multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) with persistent pupillary membrane in the snow
      leopard (Panthera uncia)].
AB  - In a litter of three snow leopards, bilateral colobomata of the upper temporal
      eyelids, bilateral persistent pupillary membranes and a unilateral coloboma of
      the optic nerve entrance are described as "Multiple Ocular Colobomata" (MOC). The
      causal pathogenesis of each of the colobomata is discussed comparatively. The
      colobomata of the eyelids, essential feature of the MOC syndrome in snow
      leopards, are most probably not of hereditary, but rather of intrauterine
      infectious viral origin.

PMID- 3368915
TI  - [Establishment of mange caused by Trixacarus caviae in guinea pigs in Austria].
AB  - The diagnosis of mange in guinea pig caused by Trixacarus caviae is reported for
      the first time in Austria. Mange in guinea pigs does not occur rarely.
      Pathological changes which were observed in 5 guinea pigs kept as pets, are
      briefly presented.

PMID- 3368916
TI  - Pharmacologic probing of amphotericin B-induced renal dysfunction in the neonatal
      rat.
AB  - Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide, and amiloride are pharmacologic agents
      that act primarily in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, early distal tubule and
      late distal tubule and collecting duct, respectively. In order to investigate the
      renal pathophysiology induced by amphotericin B, these diuretic agents were used
      as probes of discrete segments of the nephron in the neonatal rat. Six-day-old
      rats were treated with amphotericin B (20 mg/kg, sc) or the vehicle. Twenty-four
      hours later, when evidence of amphotericin B-induced renal pathophysiology is
      detectable, the responses to the diuretic agents were assessed in a 2-hr
      clearance test, during which creatinine clearance (CCr) and the fractional
      excretion (FE) of water and various components of the filtrate were determined.
      Amphotericin B induced alterations in basal function including azotemia,
      hypostenuria, increases FE water and electrolytes, and a decreased FE urea
      (although CCr was normal). The diuretic responses to furosemide, chlorothiazide,
      and amiloride were not altered, indicating that the functional viability of the
      respective tubular segments was not affected by amphotericin B treatment.
      Although the maximal response to acetazolamide also remained unchanged in
      amphotericin B-treated pups, there was an attenuation in the half-maximal
      response, reflecting an apparent shift in the sensitivity to acetazolamide. All
      of the diuretic agents elicited an increase in urea excretion in amphotericin B
      treated pups such that FE urea approached control values. Additionally, the
      magnitude of this increase was proportional to the magnitude of the increase in
      water excretion induced by each diuretic agent. These results indicate a
      disruption of urea recycling in the nephron and support the hypothesis that
      amphotericin B acts to increase the permeability of the distal tubule to urea.
      Thus, results from this study demonstrate the usefulness of pharmacologic agents
      as functional probes in the characterization of specific components of renal
      pathophysiology.

PMID- 3368917
TI  - Acetaminophen-induced inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial respiration in mice.
AB  - Morphological changes are observed in mitochondria early in the course of
      acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. In order to determine if functional deficits
      also occur, this study examined the effect of APAP, in vivo and in vitro, on
      mitochondrial respiration in fasted, male CD-1 mice (3-4 months old). After a
      hepatotoxic dose of APAP (600 mg/kg, po), when glutamate was used as the
      respiratory substrate, state 3 respiration (ADP-stimulated) was inhibited and
      this was reflected in a decreased respiratory control ratio (RCR). In contrast,
      when succinate was the respiratory substrate, the decreased RCR was reflective of
      an increase in state 4 (resting) respiration. There was no detectable effect
      after a nonhepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg, po). These APAP-induced
      respiratory effects and hepatotoxicity were prevented by piperonyl butoxide
      pretreatment, and were absent in 1- and 2-month-old mice, which are resistant to
      APAP-induced damage. Since the APAP-induced inhibition of mitochondrial
      respiration, in vivo, correlated with age-related and piperonyl butoxide
      dependent differences in toxicity, the data suggest that the in vivo effects
      result, at least in part, from a mixed-function oxidase generated metabolite. In
      vitro, both state 3 and state 4 respiration, as well as the RCR, were inhibited
      by APAP in a concentration-dependent manner with glutamate as substrate. However,
      no effects were observed with succinate as substrate, thereby contrasting with
      results obtained following in vivo exposure. Therefore the in vitro effects of
      APAP are different from those observed in vivo and may result from a direct
      insult of the parent compound. These studies suggest that early alterations in
      mitochondrial function may be mechanistically important in APAP hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3368918
TI  - In vitro evidence of cellular adaptation to ozone toxicity in the rat trachea.
AB  - Adaptation to prolonged ozone (O3) exposure occurs in the tracheal epithelium of
      rats and is marked by the presence of ciliated cells with uniform short cilia but
      is not accompanied by shifts in cell populations, altered characteristics of
      epithelial secretory cell products, increased cell turnover, or elevated tracheal
      superoxide dismutase activity. The purpose of this study was to test the
      hypothesis that adaptation is a result of alterations intrinsic to epithelial
      cells or to the cells and their matrix, and not due to systemic or neural
      influences. Rats were preexposed to either filtered air (FA) or 0.96 ppm O3 for 8
      hr/night for 60 days, and then their tracheae were removed and exposed to 3 ppm
      O3 in an explant culture system where behavioral, nasal, exudative, and secretory
      product influences can be eliminated. After exposure to 3 ppm O3 in vitro,
      quantitative electron microscopic evaluation demonstrated that the epithelia from
      the FA preexposure group had significantly more necrotic cells and sloughed cells
      and fewer ciliated cells than the epithelia from the O3 preexposure group. Thus
      previous exposure to ozone in vivo induces a change in tracheal epithelium which
      confers resistance to ozone-induced injury in the explant exposure system.

PMID- 3368920
TI  - Morphine effects on gentamicin disposition and toxicity in mice.
AB  - Morphine has been shown to reduce renal and hepatic clearance of several
      xenobiotics in rodents. After iv administration of gentamicin, 10 to 30 mg/kg,
      its plasma levels were elevated in mice given morphine, 20 mg/kg sc. Plasma
      clearance of gentamicin was nearly halved by morphine, due primarily to lowering
      of the elimination constant of gentamicin from 0.03 to 0.02 min-1 (p less than
      0.01). Morphine also significantly reduced urine levels of gentamicin and urine
      volume. In mice given naloxone, 2 mg/kg sc, morphine did not significantly raise
      plasma levels of gentamicin nor reduce its elimination into urine. Mice were made
      tolerant by morphine administration for 9 days at ascending doses to 100 mg/kg
      twice daily. An acute challenge with morphine, 20 mg/kg, was less effective in
      raising plasma levels of gentamicin or lowering its urinary elimination in
      tolerant mice than after chronic saline treatment. Partial tolerance to acutely
      administered morphine and reversal of morphine effects by naloxone suggest opioid
      receptor-mediated reduction of glomerular filtration by morphine in mice. Despite
      marked elevation of plasma gentamicin levels in morphine-treated mice, narcotic
      administration did not significantly increase the acute toxicity of a single dose
      of gentamicin. LD50 of acutely administered iv gentamicin was 51.6 mg/kg after
      saline and 45.3 mg/kg after treatment with morphine, 20 mg/kg sc. However, this
      dose of morphine enhanced the lethality of intravenously infused gentamicin.
      Morphine administration significantly reduced the dose of infused gentamicin
      needed to achieve the critical lethal plasma level.

PMID- 3368919
TI  - Studies with nitrogen-containing steroids and freshly isolated rat hepatocytes:
      role of cytochrome P-450 in detoxication.
AB  - Several nitrogen-containing steroids produced concentration- and time-dependent
      decreases in the viability of freshly isolated F-344 rat hepatocytes. N,N-Diethyl
      4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androst-1-ene-17 beta-carboxamide (I) was not
      cytotoxic at or below 0.3 mM but produced decreases in cell viability at higher
      concentrations. In contrast, the desmethyl analog of I was essentially nontoxic,
      demonstrating that relatively small structural changes result in substantial
      differences in cytotoxicity. Testosterone and other steroids specifically
      potentiated the cytotoxicity of I in a concentration-dependent manner, while
      having no effect upon the toxicity of other chemical agents. Pargyline and
      methimazole had no effect upon the cytotoxicity of I, suggesting that monoamine
      oxidase and flavin-containing monooxygenase are not involved. The cytochrome P
      450 inhibitors octylamine and metyrapone potentiated the cytotoxicity of I.
      Induction of cytochrome P-450 isozymes by phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone
      treatment protected the cells against the cytotoxicity of I, while acetone or
      dexamethasone treatment had no effect. The initial rates of hepatocyte metabolism
      of the six nitrogen-containing steroids investigated did not correlate with
      cytotoxicity. Dithiothreitol and other thiol compounds had no effect upon the
      cytotoxicity of I, suggesting that sulfhydryl oxidation is not involved.
      Galactosamine and sulfate-free media had no effect upon the cytotoxicity of I.
      These results suggest that cytochrome P-450 is involved in the detoxication of I
      by rat hepatocytes while conjugative metabolism does not play a significant role.

PMID- 3368921
TI  - Whole-body autoradiographic localization of [3H]phencyclidine and its metabolites
      in mice.
AB  - When evaluated by whole-body autoradiography (WBAR) and quantitative
      densitometry, [3H]phencyclidine (PCP) equivalents were found to be removed
      rapidly from blood, after a single iv dose in mice, and avidly taken up as early
      as 1 min after dosage by glandular tissues including thyroid, salivary glands,
      pancreas, pituitary and, most prominently, by stomach mucosa. Stomach:blood
      [3H]PCP concentration ratios showed that rapid secretion of [3H]PCP from mucosa
      to the stomach contents occurred within 2 min after dosing. During early
      intervals, chromatographic analysis of tissue sections demonstrated that PCP was
      present in brain, liver, and gut primarily in its unaltered chemical form. Mice
      killed at 60 and 120 min showed persistently high levels of [3H]PCP equivalents
      within the stomach and intestines, these levels being the highest of all other
      tissues densitometrically measured. The early time course and magnitude of
      [3H]PCP uptake by stomach glandular mucosa strongly suggests that cycling of PCP
      occurs principally through gastroenteric recirculation. Very striking was the
      high concentration of [3H]PCP radioactivity observed within the adrenal as early
      as 5 min. The concentration of [3H]PCP equivalents in pituitary, choroid plexus,
      cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus was highest at 1-20 min following injection.
      Application of high-resolution quantitative WBAR was found to be a useful tool in
      the study of the biodistribution of labeled PCP, especially during very early
      post-treatment time points where alternative tissue counting techniques would not
      be feasible.

PMID- 3368922
TI  - General toxicity and peripheral nerve alterations induced by chronic vincristine
      treatment in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of five 0.3 mg/kg intravenous administrations of vincristine (VCR) at
      weekly intervals were studied in the rabbit. Body weight gain was impaired
      starting from the first injection, while gross signs of motor paralysis and hair
      loss initiated from the third week. At the end of the observation period blood
      analysis revealed normocytic normochromic anemia, elevated serum creatine kinase,
      and low serum alkaline phosphatase, whereas all the tested parameters related to
      liver and kidney functions where within normal limits. The decreased number of
      red blood cells was the consequence of a complete, although reversible, blockade
      of staminal hematopoietic activity. Two important indexes of peripheral nerve
      function were clearly altered at the end of the treatment: (i) the sciatic nerve
      conduction velocity in vitro was 27% reduced and (ii) the latency between sciatic
      nerve stimulation and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) twitch in vivo was 34%
      prolonged. The usefulness of the rabbit as an animal model to study side-effects
      of VCR treatment is discussed.

PMID- 3368923
TI  - Protection by dimethylsulfoxide against acetaminophen-induced hepatic, but not
      respiratory toxicity in the mouse.
AB  - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a vehicle for the administration of compounds
      that are difficult to solubilize. Acetaminophen (AP), typically administered ip
      in hot basic saline, dissolves readily in DMSO. However, since DMSO acts as a
      free radical scavenger in vitro, and since AP toxicity may be mediated through
      oxidative stress, we examined the possibility that DMSO might protect against AP
      toxicity. Survival of mice 96 hr after AP (900 mg/kg ip) was increased from 10 to
      60% by concomitant DMSO administration (4 g/kg sc). Adult female Swiss inbred
      mice given AP (800 mg/kg ip in hot basic saline) exhibited severe centrilobular
      hepatic necrosis, pulmonary nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara cell)
      necrosis and nasal epithelial necrosis. DMSO (8 g/kg 50% in saline) protected
      against AP hepatotoxicity, whether administered prophylactically (14.5 and 2.5 hr
      before AP), concomitantly with AP, or antidotally (30 or 60 min post-AP). No
      treatment protected against pulmonary Clara cell damage. Nor did pretreatment
      with DMSO protect against AP-induced necrosis of nasal epithelium. Other
      treatment regimes were not evaluated for their effect on nasal epithelial
      toxicity. Since DMSO protection is tissue specific, it does not appear to be
      mediated by a nonspecific mechanism, such as scavenging of free radicals. Six
      hours after AP, glutathione (GSH) levels had dropped significantly in liver, but
      not in lung. AP-induced loss of hepatic GSH was slowed by DMSO even in the
      presence of BSO, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. These findings are consistent
      with decreased utilization of GSH, due to decreased bioactivation of AP or
      decreased turnover of GSH.

PMID- 3368924
TI  - Effect of diquat on the distribution of iron in rat liver.
AB  - Diquat toxicity is proposed to be mediated through the generation of active
      oxygen species; however, the exact role of active oxygen in toxicity is not
      known. The generation of damaging oxygen radicals requires transition metals such
      as iron. In vitro studies have shown that redox cycling of diquat results in the
      release of iron from ferritin, thus, increasing the potential for active oxygen
      species generation. We sought to determine if diquat administration to male
      Sprague-Dawley rats would result in the release of iron from ferritin in vivo.
      Rats were treated with diquat dibromide (20 mg/kg body weight) and the effect on
      the iron distribution in liver was determined. The results show that diquat
      treated animals had increased levels of hepatic low molecular weight chelatable
      iron (LMWC-Fe) and decreased levels of hepatic ferritin iron when compared to
      saline-treated animals. These results suggest that diquat toxicity may be
      associated with the release of iron from ferritin in vivo and that iron release
      from ferritin may be a process common to other free radical mediated toxicities.

PMID- 3368925
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoke inhalation on antioxidant enzymes and lipid
      peroxidation in the rat.
AB  - Inhalation of cigarette smoke significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content
      and increased lipid peroxidation without altering the activities of superoxide
      dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) or glutathione
      reductase (GR) in the lung (six male Wistar rats). Following intratracheal
      administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BP), an increase in pulmonary GSH-Px activity,
      GSH content and lipid peroxidation was observed after 12 h. GSH-Px activity and
      GSH content returned to control values by 7 and 30 days, respectively, whereas
      lipid peroxidation in the lung remained significantly greater than the control
      value for up to 7 days of BP administration. Hepatic activity of SOD was
      increased significantly, whereas the activities of GSH-Px, catalase, GR, and GSH
      content were not changed by inhalation of cigarette smoke. On administration of
      BP, a significant increase in the activities of SOD and GSH-Px was observed at 12
      h. After 7 and 30 days, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes were
      comparable to their respective control group values. No change in the activity of
      catalase or in the level of lipid peroxidation was noted throughout the entire
      study period.

PMID- 3368926
TI  - Spreadsheet programming--a new approach in physiologically based modeling of
      solvent toxicokinetics.
AB  - Physiological models are useful tools in the understanding of organic solvent
      toxicokinetics. An approach is presented where a physiological model is designed
      and solved by means of a spreadsheet macro instruction on a personal computer.
      The spreadsheet template is easy to use. Model parameters are entered and stored
      in tabular form, and any parameters and variables may be plotted. The model may
      be changed by editing the spreadsheet template, allowing compartments to be
      added, nonlinear metabolism to be introduced, etc. Accordingly, the kinetics of
      any substance and its metabolites, and any route of exposure may be modeled. The
      spreadsheet approach of physiologically based kinetic modeling is illustrated by
      simulating inhalation exposure to four organic solvents (acetone, 2
      butoxyethanol, methylene chloride and styrene) in humans at various work loads.
      The results of the simulations are graphically compared with experimental data.
      By separating resting and working muscle tissue, the model successfully predicted
      the solvent concentrations not only in arterial but also in venous blood samples
      at various work loads (shown for acetone and methylene chloride).

PMID- 3368927
TI  - Ultrastructure of the testis in rats with blood hypertension induced by long-term
      lead exposure.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 60 micrograms/ml of lead (as acetate) in
      drinking water for 18 months. Their blood pressure and cardiac inotropism were
      increased. Lead was augmented in blood, kidney and brain, but not in testis.
      Examination by light microscopy of the organs did not reveal alterations.
      Ultrastructural examination of the testis with both transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy (EM) did not evidence modifications in the external part of
      the seminiferous tubules, in the spermatogenetic cells and in the connective
      tissue including the Leydig cells; only Sertoli cells presented increased size of
      lysosomes.

PMID- 3368928
TI  - Inhibition of granulocyte-mediated release of oxygen free radicals following
      glutathione depletion.
AB  - Treatment of granulocytes freshly isolated from the blood of healthy human adult
      donors with phorone (diisopropylidene acetone) resulted in a clear depletion of
      intracellular glutathione without affecting cell viability. Upon stimulation of
      the phagocytes with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), however, the release of .O2-
      and H2O2 by glutathione-depleted granulocytes was inhibited by 50 or 95% as
      compared to control cells, respectively. These findings may be of toxicological
      importance, as many xenobiotics are known to interact with glutathione (GSH)
      dependent cellular defense mechanisms and may thus influence the phagocytic
      activity of granulocytes.

PMID- 3368929
TI  - Ultrastructural changes of tracheal epithelium and alveolar macrophages of rats
      exposed to mosquito coil smoke.
AB  - The volatile organic compounds of mosquito coil smoke were analysed by a
      combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 67 volatile organic
      compounds were detected and 46, including allethrin, phenol, benzene, toluene,
      xylene, etc. could be identified. Allethrin, a common name for (+/-)-3-allyl-2
      methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl (+/-)-cis,trans-chrysanthemate, is a synthetic
      pyrethroid, which is used as an insecticide or repellent in subtropical
      countries. The vapors also contain other aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons
      which are combustion products of other mosquito coil constituents, including wood
      dust, coconut flour and other fillers and dyes. An exposure to the mosquito coil
      smoke for 60 days (8 h per day, 6 days per week) resulted in a focal deciliation
      of the tracheal epithelium, metaplasia of epithelial cells, and morphological
      alterations of the alveolar macrophages of exposed rats.

PMID- 3368930
TI  - Cadmium chloride-induced changes in hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine,
      noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus
      pennanti (Wroughton).
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 0.32 mg/kg body
      weight) was administered to 15 adult female palm squirrels (Funambulus pennanti
      (Wroughton] and the hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA)
      and dopamine (DA) levels were quantified on the 1st, 7th and 40th day. 5-HT
      levels significantly decreased on the 1st and 40th day but showed an increase on
      the 7th day. Similarly, NA levels significantly decreased after 1, 7 and 40 days
      of treatment, and DA levels decreased on the 1st and 7th day but insignificantly
      increased on the 40th day. This suggests that CdCl2 interferes in the functioning
      of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis by impairing the hypothalamic 5-HT, NA and DA
      levels, which may in turn affect the physiology of the peripheral endocrine
      glands.

PMID- 3368932
TI  - Is blood from autologous donors safe for others?

PMID- 3368931
TI  - The effect of beryllium compound solubility on in vitro canine alveolar
      macrophage cytotoxicity.
AB  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophage cells (PAM), obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage of
      Beagle dogs, were exposed in vitro to beryllium oxide (BeO) particles calcined at
      either 500 or 1000 degrees C or to beryllium sulfate (BeSO4). Cell viability was
      determined by trypan blue dye exclusion after 20 h in culture. The most toxic
      material tested was BeSO4, followed by BeO calcined at 500 degrees C, then BeO
      calcined at 1000 degrees C. An in vitro dissolution technique was used to measure
      the relative solubility of the BeO particles. The BeO prepared at 500 degrees C
      exhibited greater solubility compared with BeO prepared at 1000 degrees C. This
      study extends previous work by examining the effects of beryllium compounds on
      canine PAM, and by relating PAM cytotoxicity with measured values of beryllium
      compound solubility.

PMID- 3368933
TI  - Storage of human platelet concentrates in an artificial medium without dextrose.
AB  - It was shown previously that human blood platelets stored in an artificial medium
      (PCD) for up to 5 days remain functional in vitro and have normal survival and
      recovery in vivo. This report demonstrates that the medium can be simplified
      further by the removal of dextrose, leaving for study a medium consisting simply
      of balanced salts and citrate anticoagulant (PC). Some dextrose, 3.2 mM, was
      present in the fresh PC platelet concentrates due to plasma carryover in the
      production of platelet concentrates, but this dextrose concentration was
      considerably less than the 22.6 to 25.5 mM present in platelet concentrates in
      PCD or plasma. Platelet count, pH, PCO2, and PO2, as well as platelet aggregation
      and release responses to stimulation, in vitro, were as well preserved in the PCD
      or PC media as in the plasma controls. In the PC medium, platelets consumed 2.5
      mM dextrose over 5 days and left 0.7 mM dextrose. The same consumption of
      dextrose was noted in PCD platelet concentrates, while platelets in plasma
      metabolized twice as much dextrose and formed twice as much lactate. Thus, the
      rate of glycolysis in platelet concentrates was independent of the dextrose
      concentration in the medium, and the platelet functions were well preserved.

PMID- 3368934
TI  - Histamine levels in stored platelet concentrates. Relationship to white cell
      content.
AB  - The histamine levels in samples from platelet concentrates (PC) were measured at
      various storage times by a radioenzymatic assay. Elevated histamine levels were
      detected in 5 of 14 PC after 3 days of storage (range, less than 1 to 13.3 ng/ml)
      and in 9 of 14 PC after 5 days (range, less than 1 to 22.2 ng/ml). A very good
      linear correlation (r = 0.913) was found between the initial white cell content
      of the PC and the histamine level at 5 days of storage. The rise in histamine
      content was not influenced by the type of plastic container. The results indicate
      a process of histamine release by the white cells during storage. Although
      histamine is metabolized rapidly in vivo, a critical histamine threshold could be
      reached in man by the rapid infusion of stored PC containing high levels of
      histamine. This could explain some unexpected transfusion reactions in patients
      receiving PC.

PMID- 3368935
TI  - Kell blood group activity of gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - To understand better the relationships between blood-group antigens and bacterial
      constituents, examples of 23 gram-negative bacteria (representing the 10 genera
      Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus,
      Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia, and Shigella) were tested for the presence of
      Kl-like antigens by hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assays against both IgG and
      IgM anti-Kl. Saline-suspended whole organisms, cell-free culture media, and
      disrupted organisms were used to test for such antigens in, on, and secreted by
      the microorganisms examined. Disrupted organisms of an isolate of Shigella sonnei
      nonspecifically inhibited IgG anti-Kl as well as IgG antibodies of the
      specificities Kpb, Fya, S, and c. However, only Escherichia coli 0125:B15,
      subtype 12808, had specific K1-like activity (no activity with other IgG [(k,
      Kpb, Jka, Fya, S, c] and IgM [A, B, M, P1] antibodies). Disrupted organisms
      inhibited IgM but not IgG anti-K1 in the HAI assay. A second subtype, E. coli
      0125:B15, subtype 12809, exhibited no K1-like activity. These findings support
      the report of K1 activity in cell-free broth cultures of E. coli 0125:B15
      (subtype unspecified). Thus, although not all E. coli 0125:B15 possesses K1-like
      activity, the finding of such activity in at least one E. coli subtype confirms
      the idea that bacterial components may play a role in the production of naturally
      occurring antibodies directed against non-ABO red cell antigens.

PMID- 3368936
TI  - Adherence of fresh and stored granulocytes to endothelial cells. Effect of
      storage temperature.
AB  - Granulocyte (PMN) concentrates collected for transfusion to septic, neutropenic
      patients are stored in the blood bank for various periods of time before they are
      given. Current methods of blood bank storage of PMN concentrates are associated
      with impaired in vitro PMN chemotaxis (CTX) and in vivo recovery and circulation
      kinetics after 24 hours of storage. This suggested the possibility that PMN may
      become hyperadherent during storage. To test this hypothesis, PMN concentrates
      were harvested and stored at both 22 and 6 degrees C and their adherence
      properties to relevant biologic surfaces, endothelial cell (EC) monolayers, and
      extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from endothelium were measured. Adherence was
      measured within 4 hours of collection and after 24 and 48 hours of storage. The
      aggregation properties of fresh and stored PMN were also studied. The adherence
      of fresh, unstimulated PMN to EC and ECM (31 +/- 5% and 34 +/- 4%, respectively)
      increased significantly after storage for 24 hours (EC = 41 +/- 8%; ECM = 43 +/-
      4%) at 22 degrees C. F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulated the adherence of fresh PMN
      (EC = 37 +/- 4%; ECM = 42 +/- 4%; p less than 0.05). The adherence of PMN stored
      at 22 degrees C was further stimulated by FMLP (EC = 46 +/- 6%; ECM = 50 +/- 4%).
      PMN stored at 6 degrees C had significantly higher adherence than PMN stored at
      22 degrees C, and the percentage of increase in adherence induced by FMLP was
      attenuated in PMN stored at 6 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3368937
TI  - Preparation of white-cell-poor blood components using a quadruple bag system.
AB  - A method for the preparation of white-cell-poor red cells from 400 ml of blood
      collected in a quadruple bag with one 80-ml and two 300-ml satellite bags is
      described. In this procedure, a platelet concentrate was prepared from the buffy
      coat fraction obtained by the first centrifugation of whole blood. After
      centrifugation of whole blood for 5 minutes at 3500 X g, the plasma was
      transferred into the 300-ml bag until the interface of red cells and plasma
      reached a level 32 mm from the top of the bag; then approximately 70 g of plasma
      and buffy coat were collected into the 80-ml bag. The buffy coat fraction was
      centrifuged further for 5 minutes at 170 X g, and the supernatant (concentrated
      platelets in plasma) was transferred into the second 300-ml bag. In this blood
      processing, the recovery of red cells into the packed red cells and of platelets
      into the platelet concentrate was 93 +/- 4 percent and 52 +/- 13 percent,
      respectively, of the original value. White cells in the packed red cells were 70
      +/- 28 X 10(7) with recovery of 32 +/- 9 percent of the original value, and the
      lymphocytes in the white cells were only 7 +/- 5 X 10(7) (7 +/- 4% of the
      original value). White cell contamination of platelet concentrate was below the
      threshold of white cell detection by the microcell counter (less than 300 cells
      per microliter of concentrate).

PMID- 3368938
TI  - Erb, an allele to Era, and evidence for a third allele, Er.
AB  - An antibody against a low-incidence antigen was detected in the serum of a woman
      whose newborn infant was found to have a positive direct antiglobulin test. The
      antibody failed to agglutinate 79 examples of red cells having low-incidence
      antigens and 16 examples of high-incidence antigen-negative red cells. The
      woman's serum reacted strongly with her husband's red cells in the antiglobulin
      test and with 5 of 6 Er(a-) cell samples from unrelated donors, suggesting that
      the antigen has an antithetical relationship to Era. The failure of the serum to
      react with one Er(a-) cell sample and with cells from the Er(a+) daughter of an
      Er(a-b+) mother gives evidence for a silent allele, Er. Four Er(b+) bloods were
      found among 605 random white donors, indicating a gene frequency for Erb of
      0.0033.

PMID- 3368939
TI  - Follow-up testing and notification of anti-HIV Western blot atypical
      (indeterminant) donors.
AB  - We conducted anti-HIV testing on follow-up samples obtained at a mean interval of
      20 weeks from 150 blood donors who had previously tested anti-HIV ELISA positive
      and Western blot atypical. Of 93 donors who demonstrated reactivity to HIV core
      protein p24, 4 progressed to positive Western blots. Most of the remaining donors
      showed a persistent p24 reactivity on Western blot and had no risk factors for
      HIV infection. Immunofluorescence testing of the initial sample from 93 donors
      could not definitively separate seroconverters from those with persistent p24
      reactivity. Of 57 donors with p18 reactivity, none were positive on follow-up
      anti-HIV testing. Our findings suggest policies and strategies for notifying
      donors of atypical anti-HIV Western blot results.

PMID- 3368940
TI  - Increased risk of a positive test for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti
      HBC) in autologous blood donors.
AB  - Controversy exists about the suitability of blood from autologous donors for
      homologous use. We compared the infectious disease test results of 426 autologous
      donors, designated by donor history as suitable for homologous use, to those of
      86,138 volunteer donations collected over the same 5 month period. Although donor
      characteristics differed, the relative risk of a positive test for anti-HBc in
      the autologous group was 2.09. When 413 autologous donors were compared to 413
      volunteer donors matched for age, sex, and zip code, the relative risk of a
      positive test for anti-HBc in the autologous group was 3.2. If anti-HBc is a
      marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis transmissibility, then our autologous group is
      not as safe as our volunteer donors. We recommend that autologous blood, even
      when designated by donor history and laboratory screening results as suitable for
      homologous transfusion, not be used for other than the intended autologous
      recipient.

PMID- 3368942
TI  - A clinically significant anti-Cra.

PMID- 3368941
TI  - Autologous versus homologous donors. Evaluation of markers for infectious
      disease.
AB  - Autologous blood donations may provide a new source of blood when components not
      used by the donors are deemed suitable for homologous use. However, the risk of
      transfusion-transmitted diseases form such donors has not been evaluated. We
      compared the prevalence of infectious markers and rate of abnormal responses to a
      confidential donor ballot in autologous donors from two blood collection
      programs, one blood center and one hospital-based, to corresponding homologous
      blood programs. The incidence of abnormal test results in autologous donors for
      HIV antibodies (either Western blot confirmed or repeatedly reactive,
      unconfirmed), HBsAg, ALT, and anti-HBc were not statistically different from
      homologous rates. The incidence of STS abnormalities in autologous donors was
      statistically significant, although all positive results were biologic false
      positives. The rate of abnormal responses to the confidential ballot was
      statistically significant only in autologous donors whose collections were
      already determined to be unsuitable for homologous use due to medical history
      problems. Although the data do not address infectious complications in
      transfusion recipients, this study offers no evidence that autologous blood
      components are less safe than their homologous equivalents.

PMID- 3368944
TI  - Error in terminology: heterologous rather than homologous.

PMID- 3368943
TI  - Aluminum contamination in albumin solutions from glass storage.

PMID- 3368945
TI  - IgA levels in platelets washed by automated procedure.

PMID- 3368946
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine on urinary prostanoid excretion, renal blood flow, and
      glomerulotubular function.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of cyclosporine (CsA) in organ transplantation and
      autoimmune diseases is limited by its intrinsic nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of
      this renal impairment was examined utilizing an animal model in which male
      Sprague-Dawley rats were administered oral CsA in doses of 25, 37.5, and 50
      mg/kg/day for 7 days and 50 mg/kg/day for 2, 4, and 7 days. Urinary thromboxane
      B2 (TXB2) excretion increased from 30.6 +/- 2.3 to 60.8 +/- 4.4 ng/24 hr P less
      than 0.001, following 48 hr of CsA dosing. In addition, a concomitant rise in
      proximal tubular sodium reabsorption was observed with fractional excretion of
      sodium decreasing from 0.502 +/- 0.091 to 0.223 +/- 0.037% P less than 0.05.
      Urinary prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion increased
      two-fold, although plasma levels of all 3 prostanoids did not vary from controls.
      Functional changes included decreases in the relative renal blood flow of 53% P
      less than 0.05, and the clearance of creatinine and urea of 46% and 42%,
      respectively on day 7 of treatment, while renal morphology showed severe
      vacuolization and necrosis confined to the proximal tubular region of the cortex.
      Thromboxane A2, the active precursor of TXB2, is a potent vasoconstrictor and
      promoter of platelet aggregation and may alter proximal tubular handling of
      sodium. The rise in urinary TXB2 excretion may contribute to the renal
      vasoconstriction leading to functional impairment and histologic injury.

PMID- 3368947
TI  - Familiarity brings contempt.

PMID- 3368948
TI  - Lumbar puncture in Malawian patients with altered consciousness.

PMID- 3368949
TI  - Buruli ulcer in Benin.

PMID- 3368950
TI  - A system for making hospital solutions in the Third World.

PMID- 3368951
TI  - Ketamine drip anaesthesia for caesarean section. Report on 200 cases from a rural
      hospital in Zimbabwe.

PMID- 3368952
TI  - Splenectomy for trauma. Is it associated with a high risk of infection in the
      tropics?

PMID- 3368953
TI  - Cranial surgery in a rural Kenyan hospital.

PMID- 3368954
TI  - Low-cost external fracture fixator. An attempt at more appropriate technology
      transfer.

PMID- 3368955
TI  - Strangulated external hernia.

PMID- 3368956
TI  - Measles, corneal ulceration and childhood blindness: prevention and treatment.

PMID- 3368958
TI  - Pelvic inflammatory disease in Zimbabwe. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3368959
TI  - Intraperitoneal blood transfusions.

PMID- 3368957
TI  - Postnatal care.

PMID- 3368960
TI  - Health shepherding. A system to find and care for the needy minority.

PMID- 3368961
TI  - DEC treatment of onchocerciasis.

PMID- 3368962
TI  - Atypical presentation of tuberculosis in dialysed patients in Cameroon.

PMID- 3368963
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the ultrastructural restructurings of the adrenal
      cortex of rats under stress after preliminary administration of corticotropin].
AB  - Submicroscopic changes in the adrenal cortex in dynamics of stress reaction
      development following preliminary corticotropin injection are characterized by
      less pronounced variations in quantitative parameters of basic structural
      components of parenchyma and stroma and are combined with stabilization of the 11
      HCS level in blood and phasic effacement of general adaptogenic syndrome. The
      adaptogenic effect of the preparation at the organism level is observed with an
      accompanying increase in the adrenal cortex resistance to the influence of
      extreme factors.

PMID- 3368964
TI  - [Complex evaluation of the cytogenetic activity of plant growth regulators in
      different test systems].
AB  - The cytogenetic activity of plant growth regulators is investigated in three
      different test systems. It is shown that three substances (hydrel, dihydrel,
      camposan) induce no chromosome breaks. MAH-I (maleic acid hydrazide monosodium
      salt) increases the mutagenic activity in all three investigated test-systems (in
      somatic and generative cells of rats and in the culture of human lymphocytes).
      The recrystallized MAH (II) and alar demonstrate an increase in the level of
      chromosome aberrations in the culture of human lymphocytes and in the bone marrow
      of rats.

PMID- 3368966
TI  - Cancer mortality in migrant populations within Italy.
AB  - Italian death certification rates from all causes of death, all diseases of the
      circulatory system, all neoplasms, and cancers of the upper digestive and
      respiratory tract, stomach, intestines, lung and breast in middle age (45-64
      years) were analyzed according to selected geographic areas of birth and
      residence at death. For total cancer mortality and most neoplasms considered, the
      rates in middle age were closer to those of place of birth than to those of area
      of residence, although this pattern was more evident for some sites (e.g., mouth
      or pharynx, esophagus, larynx, stomach or bladder) than for others (e.g.,
      intestines or breast). In most cases, migration had an adverse effect on cancer
      rates, and the lowest mortality was reported among stable populations (i.e.,
      those with the same area of birth and death). These findings are discussed in
      relation to the major migration fluxes within Italy during the current century.
      Moreover, these analyses give information on the quality of Italian cancer death
      certification, since the observation that area of birth is often a more important
      determinant of cancer rates than area of residence provides indirect evidence
      that cancer death certification in various Italian geographic areas is
      satisfactorily reliable and consistent.

PMID- 3368965
TI  - [Reorganization of the tubulin and vimentin components of the cytoskeleton as
      affected by the action of hypotonia on L cells].
AB  - Mouse transformed fibroblasts of line L show a disruption of the microtubule
      system and an appearance of intermediate organizing centres after 0.5-1 min of
      incubation in the hypotonic medium. After 30-60 min of hypotonic treatment the
      recovery of microtubules and the thickening of intermediate filaments around the
      nucleus are observed, which promotes a disguise of intermediate organizing
      centres.

PMID- 3368967
TI  - Drug sensitivity of different tumor lesions from the same patient evaluated by a
      short-term assay.
AB  - A short-term antimetabolic assay, which considers the interference with
      [3H]thymidine incorporation as an indicator of drug effect, has been used to
      comparatively assess the chemosensitivity of different tumor lesions from the
      same patient. The analysis was performed on primary tumors and their synchronous
      metastases from 67 patients with breast, ovarian, gastrointestinal and germ cell
      testicular tumors. A remarkable difference in sensitivity to cytostatic drugs was
      observed between the two lesions. In contrast, a strong association in
      chemosensitivity (81.7% agreement rate; p less than 0.01) was observed between
      two synchronous metastases from 17 patients with breast, ovarian, germ cell
      testicular tumors or malignant melanoma. In addition, the predictive relevance of
      the antimetabolic assay on clinical response to chemotherapy was analyzed in
      relation to the type of tumor lesion tested in vitro in a retrospective
      correlative study on 57 patients with advanced ovarian and germ cell testicular
      tumors. The objective clinical response was significantly correlated to the in
      vitro sensitivity of metastases (83.7% agreement rate; p less than 0.01), but not
      to that of the primary tumor.

PMID- 3368968
TI  - Cell kinetics aspects of human malignant neuroepithelial tumors: a follow-up
      study.
AB  - The prognostic value of proliferative activity and DNA distribution (ploidy),
      determined by flow cytometry (FCM), was evaluated in 38 cases of human malignant
      neuroepithelial tumors. No statistically significant correlation was found
      between flow cytometric data and clinical outcome. In particular, there was no
      significant difference between mean survival in cases with percentage of cells in
      S-phase lower and higher than 5%, respectively. In 21 cases with unimodal DNA
      distribution, the mean survival was 11.7 months; in 17 cases with bimodal DNA
      distribution, the mean survival was 12.5 months. The difference was not
      statistically significant. In our experience, proliferative activity and ploidy
      do not correlate well with the clinical course and survival of patients with
      malignant neuroepithelial tumors. However, application of FCM may provide, aside
      from histopathologic examination, additional biologic information that may be
      valuable in understanding the variation observed in the course of individual
      patients.

PMID- 3368970
TI  - Phase II study with ifosfamide in advanced malignant melanoma.
AB  - Ifosfamide was tested in a phase II study in 12 evaluable patients with advanced
      malignant melanoma. The drug was administered at the dose of 3 g/m2 on days one
      and two every 3-weeks. Seven patients were not previously treated and 5 received
      only minimal prior chemotherapy. Visceral involvement was present in 9 patients,
      and the remaining 3 had only soft tissue lesions. No patient showed objective
      tumor response. Mild vomiting was observed in 75% of patients; alopecia occurred
      in all of them. No other major side effects were observed, in particular,
      myelotoxicity and urotoxicity. Lack of response advised us to discontinue patient
      accrual. Our data do not support a therapeutic role of ifosfamide at the given
      dose schedule in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3368969
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a new human melanoma cell line (HU 214)
      with a high growth potential and stable properties.
AB  - A human melanoma cell line (HU 214) with high growth potential was established
      from a lymph node metastasis of a patient with advanced cutaneous melanoma. The
      cells of this line were able to grow in monolayer (according to the Rosenblum
      technique) and in agar (according to the Courtenay-Mills method), and formed
      tumors when injected in nude mice. The line has been maintained in culture for
      more than 47 passages. The cell cultures were periodically characterized (every 6
      8 passages) by immunohistochemistry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies
      (MoAbs) including MoAbs against tumor-associated antigens (antimelanoma,
      antiglioma and anti-LLA), against vimentin, and against major histocompatibility
      antigens, and including also Ki 67, a MoAb which reacts with a nuclear antigen
      associated with cell proliferation. The results of this characterization indicate
      that we have established a human melanoma cell line with a stable antigenic
      phenotype during subculturing, poorly differentiated cells, and a high growth
      potential.

PMID- 3368971
TI  - Clinical significance of serum spermine in breast cancer.
AB  - The diagnostic significance of three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and
      spermine), of carcinoembryonic antigen and of phosphoglucose isomerase have been
      compared in sera of patients with breast cancer or benign breast disease and
      normal age matched controls. The results of the study indicate that the
      performance of spermine was more striking than that of any of the other markers.
      The estimation of spermine may prove to be a valuable parameter not only in
      detection but also in prediction of recurrence of the disease.

PMID- 3368972
TI  - The role of galactography in the detection of breast cancer.
AB  - The authors report on a series of 529 consecutive patients examined on physical
      examination, mammography, nipple discharge cytology and galactography. The
      criterion for galactography was essentially bloody nipple discharge (73% of
      cases). Serous nipple discharge was not considered worthy of routine
      galactography since it is associated with an extremely low incidence of breast
      cancer. Surgical excision and histologic examination of the discharging duct was
      performed in 200 cases. Eighteen cases of breast cancer were detected (10
      infiltrating, 8 intraductal) of which 9, 6, 7 or 7 were suspected on physical
      examination, mammography, cytology or galactography, respectively. All combined
      tests suspected 13 of 18 breast cancers; 3 intraductal breast cancers were
      biopsied because of evidence of multiple papillomas on galactography, and 2
      infiltrating breast cancers were operated because of persistent bloody nipple
      discharge in the absence of any other sign. No breast cancer was suspected on
      galactography alone. Galactography is indicated in the presence of bloody nipple
      discharge, and a biopsy should be performed when breast cancer or multiple
      papillomas are suspected. The diagnosis and excision of a single papilloma
      (breast cancer was never misdiagnosed as a single papilloma on galactography) is
      not worthwhile since a single papilloma is a benign lesion, and the benefit of
      its excision is still unclear.

PMID- 3368973
TI  - Cisplatin and etoposide in chemotherapy-refractory advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Fourteen evaluable advanced breast cancer patients, extensively pretreated by
      chemotherapy, received a combination of cisplatin (DDP) and etoposide (VP 16).
      DDP was given at 60 or 100 mg/m2 on day 1, and VP 16 at 120 mg/m2 on days 1, 2
      and 3; cycles were repeated every 4 weeks. Major responses were never obtained; a
      minor response in 1 patient, no change in 7 patients, and progression in 6
      patients were observed. Main side effects were nausea and vomiting (62% severe),
      and leukopenia (31% leukocytes less than 2,000/mm3). Two patients refused further
      treatment due to intense nausea and vomiting. DDP-VP 16 combination chemotherapy
      is ineffective and poorly tolerated in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients.

PMID- 3368974
TI  - Transposition of myocutaneous flaps in breast reconstruction following radical
      mastectomy: latissimus dorsi vs. rectus abdominis flap.
AB  - We evaluated two homogeneous groups of patients (20 each) who had undergone
      radical mastectomy and who underwent breast reconstruction in our department by
      transposition of a latissimus dorsi or of a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.
      The results achieved were very similar (in terms of postoperative
      hospitalization, complication rate, thoracic symmetry). We therefore believe that
      both these techniques should be considered as first choice in breast
      reconstruction following radical mastectomy. However, from the aesthetic
      viewpoint, the use of the latissimus dorsi is best suited to tall, slim patients,
      whereas the rectus abdominis allows us to obtain better results in patients of
      sturdy build, with a voluminous residual breast.

PMID- 3368975
TI  - Modified Schoemacher resection for distal gastric cancer.
AB  - Between October 1979 and February 1987, 30 consecutive patients with cancer of
      the lower stomach underwent B1-Schoemacher resection with a tubular gastric
      pouch. Operative mortality was 0% and operative morbidity 10% (leak 3%,
      anastomotic stricture 3% and abscess 3%). After a mean follow-up of 30 months,
      the expected 5-year survival was 32%. The causes of death were: 7 distant
      relapses, 2 noncancer diseases and 1 new primary cancer. The overall incidence of
      postgastrectomy symptoms was 23% for the whole series and 35% for the patients
      harboring small tumors. Mild dyspepsia occurred in 71%. The declining concept of
      total gastrectomy as an essential requirement for curative resection and the
      recent evidence that B2 for gastric lesions is a carcinogenic operation
      necessitate alternative procedures. The data show that modified Schoemacher
      resection can be consider a valid challenge to B2.

PMID- 3368977
TI  - Clinical and neurophysiologic features in paraneoplastic polyneuropathy.
AB  - Three of 8,954 in- patients have been selected as affected by paraneoplastic
      polyneuropathy. In all of them the polyneuropathy had a steadily progressive
      course, with symptoms beginning in the lower limbs and spreading to the upper
      limbs in a few months. An increase in protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid
      was evident in each case. No other possible causes of polyneuropathy were found,
      and the association with malignancy was histologically proved in all 3 cases. A
      bronchogenic ("oat cell") carcinoma was present in the first patient, who had an
      almost exclusively motor neuropathy. An osteosarcoma was diagnosed in the second
      case, and its association with a polyneuropathy seems to be exceptional. A
      sigmoid adenocarcinoma was discovered in the third patient. Neurophysiologic
      investigations were indicative of a polyneuropathy with predominant axonic
      involvement in all 3 cases.

PMID- 3368976
TI  - Prognostic value of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in patients with uterine
      cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) was estimated in 30 controls, in 16
      patients with benign lesions of the uterine cervix, and in 51 patients with
      uterine cervical carcinoma. The rate of positivity of the antigen among the
      cancer patients was 87% (N = 49). SCC Ag estimations were of no diagnostic value,
      since 37% of patients with benign lesions had elevated levels compared to
      controls. SCC Ag was highly correlated to histologic subtype. The highest values
      were obtained in keratinizing tumors, followed by large cell nonkeratinizing and
      small cell nonkeratinizing types. Moreover, elevation of SCC Ag was statistically
      significant (p less than 0.001) among all the three histologic subtypes compared
      to controls. However, SCC Ag levels were not consistently correlated to the stage
      of the disease. Patients with pretherapeutic SCC Ag levels above 30 ng/ml had a
      faster recurrence rate and shorter survival than those who exhibited antigen
      values below 2.0 ng/ml. From our results, it is suggested that SCC Ag has limited
      use as a parameter for early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma, but it seems to
      reflect advancement of the disease. These findings indicate that SCC Ag elevation
      may prove to be a valuable marker in predicting subclinical disease.

PMID- 3368978
TI  - [Hypertension in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia].

PMID- 3368979
TI  - [Changes in the tympanic membrane in secretory otitis and its relation to chronic
      otitis].

PMID- 3368980
TI  - [Cholesteatoma of the ear in children].

PMID- 3368981
TI  - [Breast reconstruction with a temporary expander].

PMID- 3368982
TI  - [A medical correspondence column and the questions asked].

PMID- 3368983
TI  - [Peritoneal lavage. A diagnostic tool in acute abdomen of non-traumatic origin].

PMID- 3368984
TI  - [Verapamil in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with
      thyrotoxicosis].

PMID- 3368985
TI  - [Patients' access to hospital case records in a special psychotherapeutic
      hospital].

PMID- 3368986
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia precipitated by asymptomatic arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3368987
TI  - [Pleuropulmonary changes during treatment with bromocriptine].

PMID- 3368988
TI  - Attenuation of ultrasound in suspensions of bovine muscle myofibrils and myosin.
AB  - The attenuation of 1.5-7 MHz ultrasound was measured over the pH range 3-7 in 100
      mM KCl suspensions of bovine M. semitendinosus myofibrils, precipitated myosin
      and the residue of myofibrils after partial extraction of myosin. In all
      fractions attenuation showed a similar dependence on pH over the range 3-7, with
      a broad, substantial maximum in the region of pH 4.5-pH 5.5 and similar mass
      attenuation coefficients (per g protein). At pH 7 and 7 MHz these were 3.49 +/-
      0.20 cm2 g-1 in the myofibrils, 3.26 +/- 0.31 cm2 g-1 in the myofibrilar residue
      and 2.83 +/- 0.68 cm2 g-1 in the precipitated myosin. Measurements at 5.3 MHz of
      precipitated myosin over a wider pH range revealed an attenuation titration curve
      similar to that previously observed in homogenates of muscle and muscle
      myofibrils, with substantial peaks at about pH 5 and 11.5, and a shoulder perhaps
      indicating a small underlying peak at about pH 8-9. Myosin dissolved in 800 mM
      KCl gave attenuation levels that were typically 50% lower than precipitated
      myosin e.g. at pH 7 and 7 MHz: 2.83 +/- 0.68 cm2 g-1 in the precipitated form,
      1.29 +/- 0.10 cm2 g-1 in solution. These results indicated that: (a) attenuation
      by myosin filaments contributed substantially to the total attenuation in
      suspensions of myofibrils and (b) the peak in the myofibrilar attenuation is
      caused, or substantially contributed to, by a process taking place in the myosin
      component.

PMID- 3368989
TI  - Ultrasonic attenuation in red blood cell suspensions.
AB  - A theoretical analysis of ultrasonic attenuation in aqueous suspensions of red
      blood cells was carried out. This verified the relative importance of several
      mechanisms: absorption accounts for 60% of the attenuation, viscous relative
      motion loss accounts for less than 30%, and the sound scattering contribution is
      negligible.

PMID- 3368990
TI  - Involvement of serotonin in the enhancement of the rat spinal excitability by
      high pressures.
AB  - Using an electrical stimulation of the reticulospinal tract at the level of the
      medial longitudinal fasciculus, the effects, and the neurochemical mechanisms of
      these effects, of a progressive increase in helium-oxygen pressures, up to 50
      bar, on the spinal cord excitability in the chronic rat are investigated. In
      control animals, high pressure exposure over 30 bar was found to increase
      markedly the electromyogram response evoked in nuchal muscles. This startlelike
      response was monosynaptically induced by stimulation of the reticulospinal tract.
      Conversly, no hyperbaric alteration in spinal excitability has been observed in
      animals pretreated with the classical 5-HT antagonist drug metergoline. These
      results emphasize the importance of spinal cord as a potential target for
      mediating hyperbaric effects on sensorimotor behaviors (i.e., motor disturbances
      of the HPNS). Moreover, our work suggests that serotonin could be implicated in
      hyperbaric spinal cord hyperexcitability.

PMID- 3368991
TI  - Release of dopamine from striatal synaptosomes: high pressure effects.
AB  - Adverse neurological manifestations of exposure to high hydrostatic pressure
      include tremor and convulsions, suggesting an alteration in synaptic
      transmission, particularly with inhibitory pathways. Because striatal
      transmission has been implicated in the high pressure neurologic syndrome (HPNS),
      we investigated the effect of pressure exposure on the release of a major
      inhibitory neurotransmitter in this region. Synaptosomes isolated from the guinea
      pig striatum were used to study the effect of compression to 67.7 ATA on
      [3H]dopamine release. Pressure was found to have a suppressive effect on the
      initial release of [3H]dopamine by synaptosomes isolated from the striatum of
      guinea pigs. This finding suggests that decreased inhibitory regulation at the
      level of the striatum contributes to the hyperexcitability associated with
      compression to high pressure.

PMID- 3368992
TI  - Ventilatory failure in cats during prolonged exposure to very high pressure.
AB  - Ten adult, awake cats were exposed to high pressure (7.5, 9, or 10 MPa) of a
      heliox (He-O2) or trimix (He-N2-O2) gas mixture. Total duration of the
      experiment, i.e., duration of compression plus sojourn at maximal pressure,
      varied between 23 and 59 h. Throughout the experiment, minute ventilation (VE),
      heart rate, and rectal temperature were recorded. The total mass of gas (Mt)
      breathed by each animal was determined from the product of VE, gas density (p),
      and time (t). As previously shown, VE was increased in all animals breathing
      heliox mixtures, whereas this was never observed in trimix experiments.
      Ventilatory arrest occurred before cardiac failure in 3 animals breathing heliox
      mixtures, where the highest values of Mt were measured; the others survived.
      Rectal temperature, t, or p values did not account for the difference between
      those animals surviving and those who died. Thus, increased ventilation in high
      density gas mixtures was responsible for increased values of Mt. Present
      observations suggest that ventilatory failure associated to the highest values of
      Mt is related to respiratory muscle fatigue.

PMID- 3368993
TI  - Treatment of decompression sickness with a perfluorocarbon emulsion (FC-43).
AB  - Decompression sickness is caused by the production of tissue and blood stream
      inert gas bubbles. Perfluorocarbon emulsions (PFC) have enhanced O2 and N2
      solubilities as well as a small particle size as properties. The effects of
      treatment with a PFC (FC-43) and 100% oxygen on decompression sickness were
      investigated in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats compressed to 6.8 ATA and rapidly
      decompressed. Survival in animals receiving PFC and 100% oxygen was significantly
      longer (P = 0.01) than in those receiving a 6% hetastarch (H) treatment. The PFC
      survivors at 24 h did not demonstrate any neurologic deficits, whereas the 1 H
      animal surviving at 24 h was ataxic and not eating. Those animals who died most
      often did so within minutes after decompression, suggesting a hemodynamic demise.
      We conclude that PFC treatment when coupled with 100% oxygen breathing provides
      both hemodynamic and neurologic protection from decompression sickness.

PMID- 3368994
TI  - U.S. Navy saturation diving and diver neuropsychologic status.
AB  - The neuropsychologic status of 25 male U.S. Navy saturation divers was assessed
      before and after saturation dives conducted at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit.
      Between 1982 and 1986, 5 dives to simulated depths of 198 to 335 msw were
      accomplished. Eighteen divers completed 1 dive, and 7 divers completed 2
      saturation dives during this period. Dive durations ranged from 26 to 31 d, with
      helium-oxygen used as the breathing medium. On each dive the men engaged in
      strenuous, meaningful, in-water work on the bottom. Comparison of
      neuropsychologic assessment battery results pre- and postdives did not reveal
      permanent changes in neuropsychologic status. Transient alterations in affect,
      visual focusing, and physical activity level presented upon surfacing but
      resolved within 10 d.

PMID- 3368995
TI  - Transcutaneous measurement of PCO2 at high ambient pressure (41 bar).
AB  - The accuracy of transcutaneous CO2 monitoring with the Kontron CO2 sensor was
      studied during compression to 41 bar and subsequent decompression. The PCO2 was
      stable and accurate during the test of the sensor in the pressure chamber,
      although an increase of 0.1-0.2 kPa during compression was found. The function of
      the transcutaneous sensor was tested in rats at 1 bar for the correlation between
      transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2). The correlation
      coefficient between PtcCO2 and PaCO2 in the rat was found to be 0.93. The time
      difference between the 90% transcutaneous and 90% arterial response time was 4.6
      +/- 0.6 min (mean +/- SEM). Finally, the use of the sensor in rats ventilated at
      constant minute volume during compression to 41 bar was examined. An increase in
      PtcCO2 of 0.2-0.4 kPa was found. The present results of transcutaneous PCO2
      measurements indicate that this method may be useful in hyperbaric research and
      treatment.

PMID- 3368996
TI  - Decompression sickness in women divers.

PMID- 3368997
TI  - Renal tubular damage after renal stone treatment.
AB  - 50 patients were studied with respect to renal tubular damage related to open
      operative, percutaneous and extracorporeal shock wave treatment of renal stones.
      Preoperative and postoperative urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels were
      measured as a marker of renal damage. There was no significant evidence of renal
      tubular damage in patients who underwent a conventional or percutaneous
      nephrolithotomy; urinary NAG excretion was significantly increased after
      ischaemic surgery. After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) serum NAG
      levels increased, probably because a damage of the white blood cells in cutaneous
      and renal circulation, but a slight increase of urinary NAG excretion could
      suggest a mild renal tubular damage especially in case of more than 2,000 shocks.

PMID- 3368998
TI  - Urinary biochemical profile of patients with ureteric calculi in Jodhpur region
      (north western India).
AB  - Urine chemistry of 42 normal subjects (NS) and 59 ureteric stone formers (SF)
      from Jodhpur region of Rajasthan, India is presented. Twenty four hour urinary
      levels of calcium, oxalic acid and uromucoids were significantly higher and
      levels of magnesium, citric acid and inorganic phosphorus were significantly
      lower in SF as compared to NS. No significant difference was observed in the uric
      acid, sodium and potassium levels in the two groups. Significant correlation was
      observed between calcium and magnesium; calcium and oxalic acid; calcium and
      citric acid; magnesium and oxalic acid; and oxalic acid and citric acid in NS on
      the basis of mmol/l but not on the basis of mmol/24 h. Calcium and oxalic acid
      correlation was uninfluenced by magnesium and citric acid levels. The log of risk
      factor index (RI) was higher (p less than 0.001) in SF (-1.652) as compared to NS
      (-2.103). The log of ion activity product (IAP) was also higher (p less than
      0.001) in SF (-3.192 X 10(-3)) than in NS (-2.914 X 10(-1)). Based on RI and IAP,
      a scale has been devised for the prediction of the risk of stone formation and
      recurrence.

PMID- 3368999
TI  - The in-vitro assessment of a collagen/vicryl (polyglactin) composite film
      together with candidate suture materials for use in urinary tract surgery. II.
      Surface deposition of urinary salts.
AB  - Collagen coated vicryl mesh has been incubated with a series of urine collections
      from healthy and stone-forming patients. For comparison, collagen film, vicryl
      mesh, and a number of absorbable and non-absorbable sutures were similarly
      tested. Incubation in rabbit urine were also included in the study. Deposition of
      urinary salts, estimated qualitatively by electron microscopy, were observed on
      the collagen vicryl composite in approximately two thirds of the urines tested
      including rabbit urine. Those urines from patients with a high calcium excretion
      in particular caused urinary deposits on the material. Similar results were
      obtained with collagen film although the latter was not tested in rabbit urine.
      Considerably less deposits of urinary constituents were found with other
      absorbable materials such as vicryl mesh, vicryl sutures, and chromic catgut,
      whereas a higher proportion of concretions were found with the non-absorbable
      sutures. The results indicate that urinary salt deposition may be a problem
      associated with collagen based composite materials after prolonged exposure to
      urine. It must, however, be emphasised that great care should be exercised when
      extrapolating any results obtained in-vitro to the in-vivo situation.

PMID- 3369000
TI  - Characterization of a mouse model of chronic uremia.
AB  - A mouse model of renal failure, which is induced by the sequential
      electrocoagulation of the right renal cortex and left nephrectomy, was examined
      for the capacity to reproduce the characteristics of chronic uremia. Assessment
      was conducted six weeks after the second surgical procedure in 13 week old female
      C57BL/6 inbred mice with renal failure and in normal and sham-operated controls.
      The surgery, which was well tolerated, was free of local and systemic signs of
      inflammation or infection. Growth was significantly delayed in all animals post
      surgery however renal failure mice presented the most severe growth retardation.
      Biochemical analysis of plasma revealed multiple abnormalities with commensurate
      elevations of urea and creatinine. In addition to the expected hyperphosphatemia,
      hyperkalemia and acidosis, a significant increase in cholesterol was present.
      Furthermore, in contrast to controls, renal failure mice produced large volumes
      of urine which contained significant levels of protein. Renal failure mice
      presented profound hematological changes in the red cell series in which anemia
      was evident. Changes in plasma biochemistry and in bone histology revealed the
      presence of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. It was therefore concluded that
      the described mouse model of chronic renal failure presented characteristics
      consistent with those observed clinically in end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3369002
TI  - Serum and tissue levels of platinum after cisplatinum instillation of the rat
      bladder.
AB  - The absorption of chemotherapeutics after local application in the urinary
      bladder is important for optimum therapy. We therefore investigated the
      absorption of Cisplatinum (Pt) through the bladder wall in 100 female Sprague
      Dawley-rats after instillation under different clinical and pharmacological
      conditions. Only low platinum (Pt)-concentrations of about 1 microgram/ml could
      be detected in the serum using unmodified Cisplatinum solutions for instillation
      in the rat bladder indicating a rather low absorption rate for Cisplatinum. The
      extent of the absorption of Cisplatinum through the instilled bladder increased
      with the instilled volume. The absorption rate also increased after
      electrocoagulation and during cystitis with a maximum concentration of about 2.64
      micrograms/ml. Correspondingly the vesicoplasmatic gradient factor clearly
      decreased. On addition of the detergent Tween 80, the serum Pt-concentration
      increased rapidly during the initial 30 min. Under these conditions Cisplatinum
      penetrated the bladder wall, about three times more effectively than in the
      absence of Tween while entering the systemic circulation only at about twice the
      normal rate without Tween 80. On addition of the polar organic solvent
      dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) serum Pt-concentration increased continuously during the
      following 2 to 3 h reaching maximum values of about 13.3 micrograms/ml. The
      greatest accumulation of Pt in the bladder tissue (about 1,600 micrograms Pt/g
      tissue) was also observed under these conditions. A comparison of the Pt
      concentration in serum with that in the bladder wall showed the most favourable
      relation of high tissue penetration and low serum concentration using Tween 80.

PMID- 3369001
TI  - Features of squamous and adenocarcinoma in the same cell in a xenografted human
      transitional cell carcinoma: evidence of a common histogenesis?
AB  - Ultrastructural features of squamous differentiation have been found in
      adenocarcinomatous cells in a xenografted line (UCRU-BL-17) established in nude
      mice from a primary human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (grade III, stage
      T4) with a tetraploid DNA component. The line has been characterized by light and
      electron microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The initial
      xenograft showed predominantly adenocarcinomatous differentiation with mucin
      secretion, whilst the subsequent passages also contained cells showing squamous
      differentiation. A xenograft subline established from a cell culture of the
      initial xenograft shows the emergence of a population of cells with near triploid
      DNA, which are less differentiated, grow more quickly, show decreased expression
      of carcinoembryonic antigen, and a change in the distribution of staining with
      peanut lectin from cell surface to cytoplasm. These lines offer an unusual
      opportunity to study the histogenetic relationships between the histological
      subtypes of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3369003
TI  - Crystalluria in marathon runners. II. Ultra-marathon--males and females.
AB  - Particle-volume size distribution curves for the urines of a group of male ultra
      marathon runners have been recorded and show the same features as those reported
      in an earlier study involving standard marathon runners. It is again suggested
      that these features indicate risk of urinary stone formation although this does
      not appear to be increased by the more stressful ultra-marathon. Distribution
      curves obtained for female runners closely resemble those recorded for controls,
      thus rendering it impossible to assess their risk profile. A commonly observed
      feature of both the male and female urines was the presence of various urinary
      salts. Profuse calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals were detected in some samples
      11 days after the race. It is suggested that entrapment sites within the urinary
      tract have a selective specificity for these crystals while urinary salts pass
      through unhindered.

PMID- 3369020
TI  - Exercise testing: uses and abuses.

PMID- 3369021
TI  - Stress: the silent killer detection and management.

PMID- 3369022
TI  - Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

PMID- 3369024
TI  - A report of the Life and Health Insurance Medical Research Fund.

PMID- 3369023
TI  - Underwriting the cardiac risk after aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 3369025
TI  - Dementia associated with AIDS.

PMID- 3369026
TI  - Diabetes: long-term experience of the Mayo Clinic.

PMID- 3369027
TI  - Alcohol addiction: an update.

PMID- 3369028
TI  - Alcohol addiction: the underwriting considerations.

PMID- 3369029
TI  - AIDS update.

PMID- 3369030
TI  - AIDS: mortality.

PMID- 3369031
TI  - [Current technic of sinusotomy (externalization of Schlemm's canal) without
      resection of the sclera].

PMID- 3369032
TI  - [Clinical variants of goniodysgenesis in hydrophthalmos and their role in the
      selection of a pathogenetically oriented operation].

PMID- 3369034
TI  - [A method of early diagnosis of primary closed-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3369033
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the hypotensive effect of laser goniopuncture using
      different types of laser source].

PMID- 3369035
TI  - [Non-transplantation methods of the surgical treatment of acute and chronic
      keratoconus].

PMID- 3369036
TI  - [Dependence of results of the surgical treatment of retinal detachment on the
      initial status of intraocular pressure].

PMID- 3369038
TI  - [Epidemiology, prevention and mass screening of ophthalmological patients with
      external inflammatory ocular diseases].

PMID- 3369037
TI  - [Posterior corneal epithelium in cataract extraction using adrenaline and a
      balanced saline solution].

PMID- 3369039
TI  - [Ocular hemo- and hydrodynamics in a reactive syndrome after exposure to an alumo
      yttrium garnet laser].

PMID- 3369040
TI  - [Optic nerve injury in closed cranio-cerebral trauma].

PMID- 3369041
TI  - [Fibronectin levels of the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber of human eyes].

PMID- 3369042
TI  - [Laser irradiation: its effect on the distribution of drugs in eye tissues
      (experimental study). I].

PMID- 3369043
TI  - [Various indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in children with
      retinoblastoma].

PMID- 3369044
TI  - [Effect of bispheroprismatic eyeglasses on the eye in myopia].

PMID- 3369045
TI  - [Problem of correction of mixed astigmatism].

PMID- 3369046
TI  - [A method of correction of the shallow anterior chamber syndrome].

PMID- 3369047
TI  - [Results and prospects of using health workshops in the rehabilitation of workers
      with diseases and injuries of the eyes].

PMID- 3369048
TI  - [A method of measuring pressure in the central retinal artery].

PMID- 3369049
TI  - [An attachment for the ECHO-21 equipment for biometry].

PMID- 3369050
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the only eye and analysis of the causes of loss of the
      other eye in patients with glaucoma and cataract].

PMID- 3369051
TI  - [A case of unilateral allergic exophthalmos].

PMID- 3369053
TI  - Antimicrobials: 20 years after Swann.

PMID- 3369052
TI  - [Valvular trabeculotomy with an autologous scleral implant in the surgical
      treatment of glaucoma].

PMID- 3369054
TI  - Experimental infection of dogs with Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Three groups of conventional puppies were inoculated orally with Campylobacter
      jejuni biotype 2 which had been isolated from the small intestine of a dog with
      enteritis. Mild enteric disease was observed in one group. There was superficial
      intestinal colonization by the organism but penetration of intestinal epithelial
      cells was not apparent. C jejuni was isolated from the blood and viscera of
      inoculated dogs which showed no histological evidence of disease.

PMID- 3369055
TI  - Biliary calculi in a herd of shorthorn cattle in Lancashire.
AB  - The occurrence and possible cause of intrahepatic cholestasis in two shorthorn
      cows from a herd with a history of weight loss, low milk yield and chronic
      intermittent diarrhoea are discussed.

PMID- 3369056
TI  - Effects of oestradiol benzoate injections, exposure to the boar and age on the
      attainment of puberty in the gilt.
AB  - Thirty large white cross Landrace prepubertal gilts from five litters were
      allocated at random within litters to one of six treatment. All the gilts were
      given three daily intramuscular injections of 6 micrograms/kg liveweight of
      oestradiol benzoate but the first injection was given at either 100 days, 120
      days, 140 days, 160 days, 180 days or 200 days old. From the time the first
      oestrogen injection was given, until the end of the experiment, the gilts were
      allowed daily contact with a boar for 20 minutes. The gilts were mated with a
      mature boar at the appearance of the second oestrus and they were slaughtered 20
      days later. The numbers of gilts ovulating in the treatment groups were
      determined from plasma progesterone concentrations measured twice weekly
      throughout the experiment. The numbers of gilts ovulating within 10 days of the
      oestradiol benzoate injections were 3 of 5, 1 of 5, 0, 0, 3 of 5 and 1 of 5,
      respectively, in the groups first treated at 100 days, 120 days, 140 days, 160
      days, 180 days and 200 days old. For those gilts which were successfully mated,
      no significant differences were observed between the treatment groups in the
      number of viable embryos per gilt.

PMID- 3369057
TI  - Atrophic rhinitis: nosology.

PMID- 3369058
TI  - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with potentiated sulphonamides.

PMID- 3369059
TI  - Rotavirus diagnostic kits.

PMID- 3369060
TI  - Hound ataxia.

PMID- 3369061
TI  - The veterinary surgeon.

PMID- 3369062
TI  - An outbreak of rabies in north-western Zimbabwe 1980 to 1983.
AB  - The first case of rabies for 25 years was recorded in the Chinhoyi veterinary
      region of north-western Zimbabwe in September 1980. An epidemic in jackals (86
      per cent of cases) with associated cases in cattle (7 per cent) spread rapidly
      northwestward through the commercial farming areas. Within 18 months the front
      had moved 180 km from the probable point of entry of the disease. One case was
      diagnosed a further 30 km to the north-west. Following a comparatively quiet
      period in 1982 a second epidemic developed in dogs and spread back 100 km south
      eastward during the second half of 1983. Epidemiological factors, the behavioural
      features of cases and the ownership and vaccination status of dogs are reported.
      Dogs were a more serious threat to human beings than jackals and the only two
      known human cases occurred in late 1983. Factors contributing to the patterns of
      the epidemics are illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 3369063
TI  - Bovine factor XI deficiency: relationships between heterozygotes in Canada and
      Britain.

PMID- 3369064
TI  - Fertility of Friesian cows after insemination on the second, third and fourth
      days of low milk progesterone concentrations.

PMID- 3369065
TI  - Use of blood gastrin assay in the diagnosis of ovine haemonchiasis.

PMID- 3369067
TI  - Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

PMID- 3369066
TI  - Incidence of Q fever among cattle, sheep and goats in the Upper Nile province in
      southern Sudan.

PMID- 3369068
TI  - Possible potentiated sulphonamide and detomidine interactions.

PMID- 3369069
TI  - Proligestone and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3369070
TI  - Oxfendazole and ivermectin in calves.

PMID- 3369071
TI  - Epizootiology of Eimeria ahsata coccidiosis in Leon (Spain).
AB  - The epizootiology of ovine coccidiosis caused by Eimeria ahsata was studied in
      four flocks in the province of Leon (Spain), between January 1978 and December
      1979. The intensity of infection was found to be 25.5 +/- 1.7% and was similar in
      winter and spring. Eimeria ahsata was the most common species in 83.1% of the
      1620 samples examined. It was also found in 86.2% of the animals examined. Only
      0.3% of the positive samples contained oocysts of a single species, and samples
      containing four species were the most frequent (19%). Twenty-three percent of
      samples contained five species and 31.3% contained six species.

PMID- 3369072
TI  - Further characterization of the biology of Hammondia heydorni.
AB  - Hammondia heydorni oocysts, recovered from the diarrheic feces of a dog suffering
      from corticosteroid toxicosis, were sporulated and characterized
      morphometrically. Sporulated H. heydorni oocysts were administered to three dogs,
      five goats, a calf and three guinea pigs, and tissues from these inoculated
      animals fed to coccidia-free dogs to determine species susceptibility to H.
      heydorni. Morphometric characteristics of H. heydorni oocysts were similar to
      previous descriptions. Oocysts were not excreted in the feces of dogs inoculated
      with oocysts. Dogs fed tissues from goats killed 14, 28 or 42 days after
      inoculation (d.a.i.) with oocysts excreted H. heydorni oocysts in their feces
      after consuming goat tissues. Dogs fed tissues from a calf killed at 28 d.a.i.,
      and from goats killed 21 and 56 d.a.i., did not excrete oocysts in their feces.
      Developmental stages of H. heydorni were not observed in histologic sections of
      tissues from any of the animals.

PMID- 3369073
TI  - Relapses in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei and treated with
      diminazene aceturate or isometamidium chloride.
AB  - Twenty dogs of mixed local East African breeds were used. Five of the dogs were
      uninfected controls and 15 were infected with T. brucei (ILRAD 273). Five of the
      infected dogs were untreated controls, five were treated with a high curative
      dose of diminazene aceturate, (7 mg kg-1 body weight (wt.), and five were given a
      subcurative dose of isometamidium chloride (1 mg kg-1 body wt.). The drugs, given
      at 8 days post infection (d.p.i..), led to apparent recovery. The antibody
      titres, however, remained high in both groups and at 42-49 d.p.i. there was at
      least one relapse in each treatment group. Parasite populations from relapsed
      animals were more resistant to the drugs than the original infecting populations.
      The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3369074
TI  - The pathogenesis of Babesia motasi (Wales) infection in sheep.
AB  - Studies on the pathogenesis of Babesia motasi (Wales) infection following blood
      transfusion of infected blood to normal or splenectomised recipients showed that
      the intact animal is refractory to infection but that infection in splenectomised
      animals caused weight loss, fever, anorexia, lassitude and a macrocytic
      hypochromic anaemia which coincided with the peak of parasitaemia. There was an
      initial leucocytosis, largely due to a neutrophilia. The prepatent period
      following blood transfusion was 2-3 days. Unconjugated and conjugated (direct)
      bilirubin levels increased from pre-infection levels to peaks of 1.43 and 0.70
      mg/100 ml of blood, respectively. Serum glutamic pyruvic acid transaminases
      (SGPT) increased slightly but serum glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminases
      (SGOT) and blood sugar (glucose) levels did not show significant changes after
      infection. Total serum protein levels increased temporarily and then returned to
      normal. Blood urea nitrogen levels increased, with biphasic peaks (76.32 and
      86.29 mg/100 ml) on Days 2 and 8 post-patency. Clinical infections even in
      splenectomised sheep, were mild and of short duration, although recovered sheep
      remained carriers.

PMID- 3369075
TI  - The oxidant defence system in water-buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) experimentally
      infected with Anaplasma marginale.
AB  - The glutathione (GSH) -oxidant defence system protects the erythrocytes and
      leucocytes from oxidative damage. Leucocyte -superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH
      peroxidase (GSH-px), GSH-reductase (GR), GSH-S-transferase (GSH-S-t) and arginase
      were examined in samples from buffaloes infected with Anaplasma marginale. All
      the enzymes, except arginase, were also studied in the red cell haemolysates from
      these animals. GSH-S-t, GSH- and glutathione-reductase (GR) levels in leucocytes
      decreased in infected animals suggesting a decline in the efficiency of the GSH
      oxidant defence system. SOD levels increased but there was no change in leucocyte
      arginase activity due to infection. Infection caused no significant changes in
      red cell SOD, GSH-px, GR and GSH. However, GSH-S-t significantly decreased (P
      less than 0.05).

PMID- 3369076
TI  - Treatment of experimentally induced Theileria annulata infection in cross-bred
      calves with buparvaquone.
AB  - Twenty cross-bred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) calves, 7-21 days old, were infected
      by a ground-up tick supernate of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum infected with the
      Hisar isolate of Theileria annulata. Six calves acted as untreated controls and
      they all died of theileriosis within 17 days of infection. The remaining 14
      calves were divided into Group A and B, each consisting of seven calves. All the
      calves of Groups A and B were treated intramuscularly with buparvaquone (BW 720C)
      on Day 11 post-infection, when clinical signs of theileriosis were apparent. Each
      calf received 2.5 mg BW 720 C kg-1 body weight as a single injection. In
      addition, each calf of Group B was given proprietary haematinics by intramuscular
      injection, daily for 12 days. In Group A, two calves died of cerebral
      theileriosis and five were clinically cured. However, four of these five calves
      later died of anaemia. In Group B, all the calves were clinically cured and none
      died during the observation period of 1 month. The parasitaemia declined to less
      than 1% within a fortnight of treatment. The initial declines in haemoglobin
      concentration and packed cell volume were halted and preinfection values were
      soon restored. No toxic signs attributable to treatment with buparvaquone were
      observed.

PMID- 3369077
TI  - A comparison of two proteolytic techniques for hatching Hymenolepis diminuta
      eggs.
AB  - Two techniques for hatching taeniid eggs, based on enzymic proteolysis and
      disaggregation of the embryophore, were evaluated using Hymenolepis diminuta.
      Both techniques proved ineffective on H. diminuta in their original form,
      achieving only a hatching rate of 1-2%. However, a gradual increase in pepsin
      concentration up to 3 mg ml-1 in the pretreatment solution enhanced hatching
      significantly (P less than 0.05). Normal or immune rat serum had no appreciable
      effect on the hatching process.

PMID- 3369078
TI  - Relationship of nematode cholinesterase activity and nematode burdens to the
      development of resistance to trichostrongyle infections in sheep.
AB  - The changes in nematode cholinesterase (ChE) activities were examined in relation
      to the development of resistance in (1) a flock of young grazing sheep, (2)
      grazing and penned sheep treated with dexamethasone and (3) penned sheep
      receiving a single mixed infection. Nematodes from grazing sheep with high faecal
      egg counts (FECs) had higher ChE activities than those from sheep with low FECs.
      Female nematodes tended to have higher ChE activities than males, and ChE
      activities in both tended to decline with increasing age of the sheep. The
      decline in female Trichostrongylus colubriformis ChE activity was associated with
      a decline in both worm length and in utero egg count. No decline in nematode ChE
      activity was observed when grazing sheep were treated with dexamethasone. ChE
      activity of T. colubriformis established in immunosuppressed penned sheep
      declined 10-20 fold 8 weeks after cessation of treatment. Nematode burdens in the
      small intestine and abomasum of grazing sheep were significantly correlated, and
      in individual species they were also correlated with ChE activities. The
      development of resistance in sheep and the elimination of adult nematode burdens
      is discussed in relation to gastrointestinal mucosal globule leucocyte numbers,
      mucus antiparasite activity and the impairment of nematode metabolic function.

PMID- 3369079
TI  - A routine diagnostic assay for the detection of benzimidazole resistance in
      parasitic nematodes using tritiated benzimidazole carbamates.
AB  - Resistance to benzimidazoles (BZs) in parasitic nematodes has recently been shown
      to be due to a reduction in the ability of BZs to bind the structural protein,
      tubulin, in resistant isolates. Based on these observations the development and
      standardisation of a routine diagnostic assay has been undertaken by measuring
      the binding of tritiated mebendazole to crude supernatants of L3 larvae. The
      assay is rapid, requiring less than 2 h, and is robust, highly reproducible and
      sensitive to minor changes in the resistance status of parasite populations.
      Investigation of the routine application and validity of this assay has been
      documented using 24 isolates of known resistance status from the species
      Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta:
      In all cases the observed binding and calculated susceptibility factors were in
      accordance with their respective resistance status.

PMID- 3369080
TI  - Grazing pressure and acquisition of Ostertagia ostertagi in calves.
AB  - The effect of stocking rate on the acquisition of Ostertagia ostertagi infection
      and performance of yearling calves grazing a marshland area in the southwest of
      Jutland (Denmark) was examined. During the early part of the grazing season, when
      grass growth was high and pasture infectivity low, there was little stocking rate
      effect on performance. However, during the late part of the grazing season
      (characterized by poorer grass growth and high pasture infectivity) gains were
      significantly lower at high, compared with moderate stocking. At both stocking
      rates, the beneficial effect of moving animals to aftermath in mid-summer was
      significant, but was most pronounced at the high stocking rate. Interactions
      between stocking rate and acquisition of parasitism are discussed in the light of
      grazing behaviour and climatic factors.

PMID- 3369081
TI  - A rapid microassay for dirofilarial antibodies by using antigen-coated
      nitrocellulose paper.
AB  - This study describes an enzyme (horseradish peroxidase)-linked immunosorbent
      assay using nitrocellulose (NC) paper (Dot-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies
      against Dirofilaria immitis in dogs. Dirofilarial antigens prepared were directly
      bound on NC paper set into a microfiltration apparatus to ensure their
      uniformity. Of the 23 infected dogs tested, 21 were determined positive by visual
      observation of brown-colored spots on NC paper. The positive and negative
      readings were further confirmed by using a densitometer. Sera from 15 non
      infected and 17 other parasite-infected dogs were all negative, i.e. no false
      positive readings and low cross-reactivities were found using this technique.
      Also, a large number of samples could be assayed simultaneously within 1.5 h. The
      Dot-ELISA technique reported here may be useful to veterinarians and also may be
      a means of field surveying human filariasis.

PMID- 3369082
TI  - The prophylactic effect of ivermectin treatments on gastrointestinal
      helminthiasis of calves turned out early on pasture or late on mown pasture.
AB  - A study was undertaken to ascertain the prophylactic effect on gastrointestinal
      helminthiasis of (1) a single ivermectin treatment of calves 3 weeks after a late
      turnout on mown pasture and (2) two ivermectin treatments of calves 3 and 8 weeks
      after an early turnout. The single ivermectin treatment after a late turnout on
      mown pasture appeared to be an effective control measure for infections of
      Cooperia and, in particular, Ostertagia. The two treatments after an early
      turnout were also effective, although less so than the single treatment combined
      with the late turnout on mown pasture. Ivermectin treatment had no effect on the
      faecal egg output or the pasture larval counts of Nematodirus helvetianus. The
      proportion of inhibited early fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia was much higher
      in the control group than in either of the experimental groups.

PMID- 3369083
TI  - Ticks parasitising the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and their possible role
      in disease transmission.
AB  - A total of 13 ixodid tick species, Boophilus microplus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa,
      Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, Haemaphysalis himalaya, Heamaphysalis montgomeryi,
      Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma marginatum isaaci,
      Hyalomma (Hyalommina) brevipunctata, Hyalomma (Hyalommina) hussaini, Nosomma
      monstrosum, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and R. turanicus were collected off
      424 buffaloes from the northwestern states of India. Ten tick species, Amblyomma
      testudinarium, B. microplus, Haemaphysalis anomala, Haemaphysalis arborensis,
      Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis intermedia, Haemaphysalis nepalensis,
      Haemaphysalis neumanni, R. haemaphysaloides, and R. turanicus parasitising 194
      buffaloes were collected from the northeastern states of India. In addition to
      tick-buffalo relationships, the incidence of haemoparasites in buffalo from these
      two regions was studied and the possible role of these ticks in disease
      transmission was discussed. Examination of blood films and lymph smears revealed
      Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina in 6.2 and 2.6%, respectively, of
      buffaloes tested in the northeastern states, and 14.9 and 4.7%, respectively, in
      the northwestern states.

PMID- 3369084
TI  - Sequence determination of the mumps virus HN gene.
AB  - The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein (HN) of mumps virus was purified by
      immunoaffinity chromatography and fragmented by the combined action of CNBr and
      trypsin. The resulting peptides were separated by HPLC and sequenced by automated
      Edman degradation. Using this HN-specific amino acid sequence data, a degenerate
      oligonucleotide was produced and subsequently used to screen a mumps virus cDNA
      library to isolate HN-specific clones. The complete nucleotide sequence of the HN
      gene was determined. The monocistronic HN mRNA is approximately 1900 nucleotides
      long and encodes a single open reading frame of 582 amino acids. The HN protein
      has a unique hydrophobic stretch of 19 amino acids at its N-terminus that
      apparently anchors the protein in the viral envelope. A comparison of the mumps
      virus HN protein sequence with the sequences of the other known paramyxovirus HNs
      indicates that mumps virus is most closely related to SV-5, followed in
      decreasing order by NDV, parainfluenza virus 3, and Sendai virus.

PMID- 3369085
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of two new satellite RNAs associated with cucumber
      mosaic virus.
AB  - Complete nucleotide sequences of two new satellite RNAs (satRNA) of cucumber
      mosaic virus (CMV), E-satRNA and OY2-satRNA, have been determined and compared
      with known satellite RNA sequences. E-satRNA contained 339 nucleotide residues
      and OY2-satRNA had 386 nucleotide residues. Comparison of the sequences among
      satRNAs including these new satRNAs revealed extensive homologous regions in the
      5'-terminus and the 3'-half. The former region contains about 95 nucleotide
      residues (80-100% homology) and the latter has about 175 nucleotide residues (81
      99% homology), but there was less homology in the middle of the RNA. A possible
      secondary structure for E-satRNA, OY2-satRNA, and Y-satRNA [S. Hidaka et al.
      (1984) FEBS Lett. 174, 38-42] was constructed and compared with that of a
      satellite RNA from CMV-Q (Q-satRNA) [K. H. J. Gordon and R. H. Symons (1983),
      Nucl. Acids Res. 11, 947-960]. Two similar hairpin-loop structures in the 5'
      terminal region were common features of the RNAs; one of them was found in E
      satRNA, the other in OY2-satRNA, and both in Y-satRNA and Q-satRNA. Analyses of
      in vitro messenger properties of the satRNAs suggested that the first open
      reading frame of E-sat and Y-satRNAs was a possible coding region for protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 3369086
TI  - Transgenic tobacco expressing tobacco streak virus or mutated alfalfa mosaic
      virus coat protein does not cross-protect against alfalfa mosaic virus infection.
AB  - Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (CP) genes of tobacco
      streak virus (TSV) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) were used in studies on cross
      protection and genome activation. Plants expressing the TSV CP gene were highly
      resistant to infection with TSV nucleoproteins but were susceptible to infection
      with AIMV nucleoproteins. Moreover, these plants could be infected with a mixture
      of AIMV RNAs 1, 2, and 3 in contrast to the nontransformed control plants. This
      demonstrates that the endogenously produced TSV CP is able to activate the AIMV
      genome but does not cross-protect against this virus. Conversely, it was shown
      that plants expressing the AIMV CP gene did not resist TSV infection. Transgenic
      tobacco plants transformed with an AIMV CP gene with a frame-shift mutation in
      the reading frame were found to accumulate viral transcripts to a level similar
      to that obtained in plants expressing a wild-type AIMV CP gene. However, these
      plants did not produce detectable amounts of viral protein and showed no
      resistance to infection with AIMV nucleoproteins in contrast to transgenic plants
      accumulating wild-type AIMV CP. This demonstrates that it is the CP that is
      responsible for cross-protection in transgenic plants and not the chimeric CP
      mRNA.

PMID- 3369087
TI  - Isolation and characterization of adenovirus type 12 E1 host-range mutants
      defective for growth in nontransformed human cells.
AB  - In order to define the functions of human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) early region
      1 (E1) products in lytic infection and oncogenic transformation we have isolated
      and phenotypically characterized a set of host-range (hr) mutants of this
      serotype. These mutants grow efficiently upon HER3 cells, which contain and
      express type 12 E1 genes, but are restricted for growth upon A549 carcinoma and
      HeLa cells. Inter- and intratypic complementation analysis, marker-rescue
      mapping, and DNA sequence analysis have assigned some of the mutations to E1A
      sequence, and some to the reading frame encoding the E1B 54-kDa (482R) protein.
      Phenotypic analysis of the E1B mutants in particular has revealed some
      interesting, and in some cases surprising, findings relating to the roles of that
      protein in virus-cell interactions. This Ad12 gene product is required, either
      directly or indirectly, for efficient viral DNA replication in A549 and HeLa
      cells, unlike its counterpart in type 5 virus. Surprisingly, however, despite the
      severe defect in viral DNA replication, the synthesis of a few species of viral
      late proteins continues in cells infected by some of the E1B mutants. In
      contrast, none of these mutants brings about the inhibition of host-cell protein
      synthesis characteristic of wild-type virus infection, and with some E1B mutants
      no viral late proteins are made. Further, in a separate study reported elsewhere,
      we have demonstrated that the E1B 54-kDa product may also be involved, either
      directly or indirectly, in positive regulation of both E1A and E1B 19-kDa (163R)
      gene expression. The molecular and/or physiological bases for these various
      effects remain to be determined, but our initial results suggest that the E1B 54
      kDa protein may carry out multiple regulatory functions during the viral life
      cycle.

PMID- 3369088
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the geminivirus chloris striate mosaic virus.
AB  - The genome of chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV) comprises a single circular DNA
      as determined by analyses on virion single-stranded (ss) DNA and virus-specific
      covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA isolated from infected plants. The
      nucleotide sequence of CSMV DNA was determined from cccDNA and the data were
      accommodated into one DNA circle of 2750 nucleotides. Comparison of the
      nucleotide sequence with those of maize streak virus (MSV), wheat dwarf virus
      (WDV), and digitaria streak virus (DSV) showed 49, 47, and 48% DNA homology,
      respectively. The sequence has four potential open reading frames for proteins of
      greater than 10,000 mol wt, two in the viral (+) sense and two in the
      complementary (-) sense. Three of these potential coding regions have homologous
      counterparts, by comparison of the amino acid sequences, among the open reading
      frames reported for MSV, WDV, and DSV. CSMV encapasidates primer molecules able
      to prime the synthesis in vitro of a complementary strand to virion DNA,
      initiating this reaction at one site on the genome. The CSMV primer comprising
      approximately 88 nucleotides was located within the smaller of two intergenic or
      noncoding regions.

PMID- 3369089
TI  - Role of oligosaccharides in the structure and function of respiratory syncytial
      virus glycoproteins.
AB  - The contribution of oligosaccharides to the structural and functional make-up of
      respiratory syncytial (RS) virus G and F proteins was investigated by observing
      the effects of various oligosaccharide-specific enzymes on their molecular size
      as well as on virus infectivity. The N-linked oligosaccharides of the F protein
      were completely removed by endoglycosidase F and N-glycanase. Addition of
      oligosaccharides to F protein during synthesis was completely inhibited by the
      drug tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. Glycosylation of
      the G protein was partially resistant to TM resulting in an 80-kDa form
      designated GTM. The G protein was estimated to contain approximately 3% N-linked
      and 55% O-linked carbohydrates, based on migration of G and GTM in polyacrylamide
      gels. Furthermore, treatment of detergent-extracted G protein with
      endoglycosidase F and endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, enzymes that
      specifically cleave N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides, respectively,
      generated a variety of partially unglycosylated species, ranging in molecular
      weight from approximately 80 to 40 kDa. Virus infectivity was sensitive to
      limited removal of N-linked or O-linked oligosaccharides by endoglycosidases
      under conditions which did not greatly alter the molecular weight of the G
      protein. Thus, G and F protein oligosaccharides readily accessible to enzymatic
      removal are presumed to play an important role in the infectious process.

PMID- 3369090
TI  - Sequence variability and function of measles virus 3' and 5' ends and
      intercistronic regions.
AB  - Sequences critical for the activity of the measles virus (MV) RNA polymerase in
      transcription and replication were analyzed using a MV genomic cDNA library
      containing overlapping clones encompassing the entire MV genome. Clones
      corresponding to the 3' and 5' ends of the MV genome were identified and
      sequenced, and these sequences were confirmed by primer extension experiments.
      Neither (+) nor (-) strand leader RNAs were detected in MV-infected cell
      extracts, using high specific activity riboprobes made form these clones. Clones
      representing each of the MV gene boundaries were also sequenced, and variations
      including point mutations, insertions, and deletions were noted. Together with
      the sequence of the MV L gene region, this report completes the sequence
      determination of the MV genome.

PMID- 3369091
TI  - Envelope sequences of two new United States HIV-1 isolates.
AB  - One of the striking molecular aspects of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type
      III (HTLV-III) (now called HIV-1) is an unusually large variability in the env
      genes of different isolates. These differences are clustered primarily within the
      coding sequences for the large envelope protein and are interspersed among
      regions within the env gene of relative constancy. Differences among the
      envelopes of isolates from Africa are so far greater than those among U.S.
      isolates, but few U.S. isolates have been characterized to date. We report the
      sequence of the env gene of two U.S. isolates [HTLV-III(MN) and (SC)] and compare
      them with previously characterized isolates. These two isolates differ
      substantially from all previously described isolates, especially in the region
      coding for the large envelope proteins. The env genes of the two new HIV-1
      isolates contain conserved and hypervariable regions similar to what has been
      reported for other isolates, helping to further define those regions. A
      comparison of the envelope sequences of all the U.S. isolates shows that the
      similarity between any two ranges from 81 to 85% [except for LAV(BRU) and HTLV
      III(BH10) which are 97% similar]. Similar analyses of the African (Zairean)
      isolates give significantly lower values [71 to 78%, except for 88% between
      LAV(ELI) and Z6]. This suggests that the African isolates diverged earlier than
      the U.S. isolates or that transmission of the virus has been more rapid in
      Africa. Two previous presumptive Haitian isolates are similar to each other and
      to the U.S. isolates to the same degree as are other U.S. isolates, but differ
      more markedly from the African isolates suggesting a common lineage of Haitian
      and U.S. HIV-1 isolates.

PMID- 3369092
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced cell fusion: quantification and its
      application for the simple and rapid screening of anti-HIV substances in vitro.
AB  - A coculture system using Molt-4 and its HIV-producing cell, Molt-4/HIV(HTLV-IIIB)
      induced syncytia very efficiently. Among the cocultivations with various ratios
      of two types of cells, multinucleated giant cells were most clearly visible 20 hr
      after culture in a cell ratio of 5:5. The degree of cell fusion apparently
      correlated with the decrease in cell number during fusion reaction. The grade of
      the syncytia formation can be quantitatively expressed by the fusion index (FI).
      Using this system we evaluated various substances which are known to inhibit HIV
      replication and virus-induced cytopathogenicity in a cell-free viral infection.
      Glycyrrhizin sulfate, dextran sulfate, PSK, which is a protein-bound
      polysaccharide extracted from Basidiomycetes, and human plasma containing anti
      HIV antibody gave about 15-fold reduction in FI when compared to that of control.
      At the same time no difference was seen between the FI given by two nucleoside
      analogs (3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'
      dideoxythymidine) and that of control.

PMID- 3369093
TI  - Localization of RNA polymerases on influenza viral ribonucleoproteins by
      immunogold labeling.
AB  - Monospecific antisera for the influenza polymerase proteins and high resolution
      immunoelectron microscopy have been used to investigate the topographical
      distribution of the polymerase molecules on influenza ribonucleoproteins (RNPs).
      Antibodies to PB1, PB2, and PA identify a single polymerase binding site located
      at, or very close to, the end of each RNP. Double labeling experiments confirm
      that all three polymerases are at the same end of each RNP and that they are in
      close association.

PMID- 3369094
TI  - [Functional echocardiography examination using dynamic loading].

PMID- 3369095
TI  - [The size of the left atrium and the function of the sinoatrial node].

PMID- 3369096
TI  - [The protective effect of verapamil on the heart muscle during reperfusion].

PMID- 3369097
TI  - [Ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 3369098
TI  - [The effect of a single administration of isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket ampules)
      in heart failure].

PMID- 3369099
TI  - [Methylprednisolone in pulsed doses in chronic glomerulopathies and in nephrotic
      syndrome with minimal change].

PMID- 3369100
TI  - [Detection of thrombocyte antibodies using the ELISA technic. I. Introduction to
      the method].

PMID- 3369101
TI  - [Juvenile, vitamin B 12-dependent megaloblastic anemia].

PMID- 3369102
TI  - [The effect of dynamic stimulation of prolactin with chlorpromazine on serum zinc
      levels in aged people].

PMID- 3369103
TI  - [Endoscopic therapy of colorectal carcinoma in situ].

PMID- 3369104
TI  - [The work style of the head of a military hospital and the deontological aspect
      of managing a collective].

PMID- 3369105
TI  - [Importance of dispensary care in strengthening the health of servicemen].

PMID- 3369106
TI  - [Validation of transosseous osteosynthesis in closed comminuted fractures of the
      bones of the extremities (experimental research)].

PMID- 3369107
TI  - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in treating soft-tissue gunshot wounds
      (experimental research)].

PMID- 3369108
TI  - [Possibilities in the diagnosis of pulmonary artery thromboembolism].

PMID- 3369109
TI  - [Current methods of guided puncture therapy in diseases of the internal organs
      (4)].

PMID- 3369110
TI  - [Effect of low doses of ionizing radiation from nuclear fission products on the
      body].

PMID- 3369111
TI  - [Combined conservative treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3369112
TI  - [Effectiveness of specific antitoxic serum and hyperbaric oxygenation in treating
      diphtheria].

PMID- 3369113
TI  - [Medical ethics problems in the practice of health inspection].

PMID- 3369114
TI  - [Work experience of a mobile dispensary care brigade in the Navy].

PMID- 3369115
TI  - [Experience in improving the work of a military district dental polyclinic].

PMID- 3369116
TI  - [Prevention of frostbite among the troops].

PMID- 3369117
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the system of rehabilitative treatment of patients
      with injuries to the extremities].

PMID- 3369118
TI  - [Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation in treating patients with suppurative
      peritonitis].

PMID- 3369119
TI  - [Surface properties and size of very low and low density lipoproteins in human
      plasma in normal states and in hypercholesterolemia].
AB  - Dimensions and density of surface charge of very low (VLDL) and low density
      lipoproteins (LDL) from hyman blood plasma under conditions of normal state and
      hypercholesterolemia were evaluated by means of radiation-free energy transition
      between fluorescent probes and potentiometric titration. Radia of VLDL
      constituted 13.9 +/- 0.6 nm and 20.7 +/- 1.2 nm and those of LDL--10.0 +/- 0.5 nm
      and 12 +/- 0.4 nm, respectively, in normal state and under the pathological
      conditions, while the density of surface charge of VLDL was equal to 0.5 X X 10(
      2)K/m2 and 0.3.10(-2)K/m2; those of LDL--0.2.10(-2)K/m2 and 0.05.10(-2)K/m2,
      respectively. These alterations appear to facilitate the unspecific interaction
      between atherogenic lipoproteins and vascular cells in hypercholesterolemia.

PMID- 3369120
TI  - [The L-DOPA test in patients with obsessive fear neurosis].
AB  - Three groups of patients with morbid fear neurosis, dissimilar in prevailing of
      either adrenaline or noradrenaline excretion, were identified using the complex
      method of sympathoadrenal system (SAS) examination. The test with 0.1 g L-DOPA
      loading demonstrated the high rate of synthesis and high reactivity of SAS in the
      first two groups with the adrenal type of SAS functioning as well as an increased
      hydroxylation in the course of synthesis of catecholamines. These anomalies were
      accompanied by impairments of adrenaline metabolism in the second group. A
      decreased reactivity of SAS in morning crises and elevated reactivity--during day
      and evening crises were observed in the third group of patients, characterized by
      the noradrenaline type of the system functioning as well as by presence of
      noradrenaline crises.

PMID- 3369121
TI  - [The use of a radioimmunologic method of analysis of 11-deoxycortisol for the
      evaluation of the function of the pituitary-adrenal cortex system during the
      metopirone test].
AB  - A radioimmunoassay of II-deoxycortisol in human and animal blood plasma was
      developed. The antiserum used in the method was prepared against a conjugate of
      II-deoxycortisol-3(0-carboxymethyloxime) and bovine serum albumin. Specificity of
      the antiserum was determined in cross reactions using 32 steroids. High
      specificity of the antiserum allowed to determine II-deoxycortisol without
      preliminary chromatographic isolation. Sensitivity of the method enabled to
      detect 25 pg of II-deoxycortisol. The intra- and interassay variations were less
      than 10% and 15%, respectively. The method was used for evaluation of hypophysis
      adrenal cortex system functions under the conditions of metopirone test.

PMID- 3369123
TI  - [Structural changes in the lipid component of membranes of endoplasmatic
      reticulum in early and late periods after liver ischemia].
AB  - Total ischemia of rat liver tissue within 30 min caused distinct alterations in
      lipid component of endoplasmic reticulum membranes, which occurred within three
      weeks of the postischemic period. During this period the rate of microsomal
      lipids saturation was elevated due to an increase in the relative content of
      saturated fatty acids. Two-step alterations were observed in the patterns of
      fluorescent probe binding (I-amino naphthalene-8-sulfonate) as well as in
      sensitivity of cytochrome P-450 to the impairment in vitro after induction of
      lipid peroxidation in microsomal membranes. Within 1-3 days after the ischemia
      affinity of the fluorescent probe to microsomes was decreased, while stability of
      cytochrome P-450 to impairment during lipid peroxidation induction was increased.
      Within 7-14 days affinity of the fluorescent probe to membranes was markedly
      elevated and stability of cytochrome P-450 to the impairment in vitro was lowered
      in the reactions of lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3369122
TI  - [Enzyme system of initiation and protection against lipid peroxidation in the
      liver and blood of rats with hypokinesia].
AB  - Content of lipid peroxidation products in liver mitochondria, enzymatic system of
      the peroxidation initiation (NADPH.H+- and NADH.H+-dependent oxydoreductases) at
      the early and final steps of liver microsomal redoxchain as well as the activity
      of protective enzymes superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, catalase and
      glutathione reductase, preventing the excessive accumulation of lipid
      peroxidation products in liver mitochondria and erythrocytes were studied in rats
      with hypokinesia within 1 and 2 months. An increase in content of diene
      conjugates and malonic dialdehyde as well as in activity of NADPH.H+- and NADH.H+
      nitroblue tetrazolium-oxydoreductases in liver microsomes, a decrease in activity
      of catalase and superoxide dismutase in liver mitochondria were observed in the
      animals within two months of their mobility restriction. These alterations were
      among the essential mechanisms responsible for an increase in content of lipid
      peroxidation products under conditions of hypokinesia.

PMID- 3369124
TI  - [Effect of repeated injections of GABA on the GABA shunt and various associated
      reactions in the rat brain].
AB  - Effect of repeated administrations of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) at doses
      corresponding to those which are used in clinical medicine, on the state of GABA
      shunt and intensity of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and aminotransferase
      reactions as well as on the level of GABA and glutamate was studied in
      cerebellum, cortex and trunkus cerebri of rat brain. Administration of GABA (5
      injections at a dose of 5 mg/kg) caused distinct alterations in central nervous
      system, which involved activation of GABA-transaminase, utilizing GABA, and
      inactivation of glutamate decarboxylase, producing the amine, as well as a
      decrease of GABA and glutamate levels and an increase in alpha-ketoglutarate
      utilization and activation of aminotransferase reactions. These alterations were
      especially distinct in cerebellum, where initial high intensity of GABA shunt
      functioning and minimal level of GABA were observed. The alterations observed
      suggest the existence of pronounced stimulating effect of GABA, even at low
      doses, on reactions of energy metabolism in brain.

PMID- 3369125
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of highest fatty acids in the rat liver during
      chronic alcohol intoxication].
AB  - In experimental alcohol intoxication of rats with 40% ethanol content of higher
      fatty acids was altered in liver tissue. Content of saturated fatty acids was
      increased within 30-180 days of experiment, while the content of mono- and
      polyunsaturated fatty acids was simultaneously decreased.

PMID- 3369126
TI  - [Excretion of monoamines, their precursors and metabolites in the hyperactivity
      syndrome in mentally defective children].
AB  - Alterations on dynamics of excretion with urine of dopamine, noradrenaline,
      vanilylmandelic acid and N1-methyl nicotinamide were detected in 7-11 years old
      children with mental insufficiency accompanied by effective component of the
      hyperdynamic syndrome in the course of treatment with sidnocarb and sonapax.
      Sidnocarb was shown to alter positively the excretion of noradrenaline and
      sonapax--that of N1-methyl nicotinamide. Clinical features of the hyperdynamic
      syndrome should be taken into consideration in prescription of drug therapy.

PMID- 3369128
TI  - [Impairment of glutathione metabolism in the liver of resuscitated rats and its
      correction].
AB  - Elevated synthesis of glutathione in liver tissue of rats after resuscitation did
      not exclude its deficiency in the animals. Administration of exogenous
      glutathione before asphyxia decreased the rate of structural membrane lipids
      peroxidation as well as contributed to more effective function of energy
      generation systems.

PMID- 3369127
TI  - [Excretion of various glycosaminoglycans in patients with chronic duodenal
      ulcer].
AB  - Excretion of individual glycosaminoglycans (GAG's) with urine was studied in
      patients with chronic duodenal ulcer. 31 patient with acute manifestations of the
      duodenal ulcer, 24 patients within the period of remission as well as 29
      practically healthy persons were studied. Column chromatography on cellulose was
      used for separation of a mixture containing keratan sulfate, hyaluronic acid,
      heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4 and -6-sulfates, dermatan sulfate and heparin.
      During the acute period of duodenal ulcer daily excretion of all the individual
      GAG's with urine was decreased (especially distinct for the fraction of
      chondroitin-6-sulfate) as compared with excretion of these carbohydrates in
      healthy persons. The level of GAG excretion was increased distinctly, exceeding
      the values found in healthy persons, during the remission. Excretion of
      chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratan sulfate was markedly increased in these cases.

PMID- 3369129
TI  - [Extractability of collagen from the rib cartilage and skin in funnel chest in
      children].
AB  - Content of collagen and relative content of unextractable collagen were increased
      by 35% and 50%, respectively, while the content of immobilized water was
      decreased in costal cartilage of children with the isolated form of funnel chest
      or with the deformation accompanied by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. These anomalies
      may be considered as indicators of the cartilage premature ageing. In skin of the
      children with isolated form of funnel chest the ratio of collagen extracted with
      acetic acid was increased 2-fold.

PMID- 3369130
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of dalargin].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of a new anti-ulcer drug, synthetic opioid hexapeptide dalargin
      (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-Arg), which is an analogue of Leu-enkephalin, was studied
      in rats. Distribution and metabolism of 3H-Tyr-dalargin were examined after
      intravenous administration at a dose of 150 mg/kg. Main Tyr-containing
      metabolites of dalargin were detected and dynamics of their concentrations was
      evaluated in blood within 1 hr after administration. Kinetic curve of dalargin
      was described as three-exponential function.

PMID- 3369131
TI  - [Identification of Krabbe disease in 2 brothers from East Germany using a new
      fluorogenic substrate for galactocerebrosidase].
AB  - Activity of several lysosomal hydrolases was studied in skin fibroblasts obtained
      from two brothers living in GDR. Both patients exhibited distinct clinical
      symptoms of severe neurovisceral disease. Analysis of the lysosomal enzymes
      activity enabled to exclude possible occurrence in the patients of such
      glycolipidoses as Gaucher's disease, Sandhoff's disease, GM1-gangliosidosis and
      metachromatic leukodystrophy. A new fluorogenic galactoside of lipid nature 6
      hexadecanoylamine-4-hethylumbellipheryl-beta-D-galactoside used as a substrate of
      galactocerebrosidase enabled to detect in the patients distinct decrease in this
      enzymatic activity and to diagnose Krabb's disease. Biochemical diagnosis of
      Krabb's disease using the fluorogenic substrate was also confirmed by analysis
      with labelled galactocerebroside as a substrate.

PMID- 3369132
TI  - [Trypsin inhibitor in the urine of patients with glomerulonephritis].
AB  - Concentrations of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) and acid stable antitryptic
      activity (AS-ATA) were estimated in morning urine of 50 patients with chronic
      glomerulonephritis and of 13 healthy persons in order to detect interrelationship
      between severity of kidney impairment and the content of the inhibitor in urine.
      In healthy persons concentrations of UTI and AS-ATA were equal to 1.05 +/- 0.15
      micrograms/ml and 0.12 +/- 0.04 IU/ml, respectively. Similar values of the
      substances were detected in patients with latent form of glomerulonephritis and
      normal kidney function. Statistically distinct (P less than 0.01) increase of
      both these inhibitors was found in urine of patients with latent form of
      glomerulonephritis and impaired kidney function (4.77 +/- 1.24 micrograms/ml and
      0.39 +/- 0.15 IU/ml, respectively) as well as with nephrotic form (26.17 +/- 7.55
      micrograms/ml and 1.37 +/- 0.35 IU/ml, respectively) of glomerulonephritis of
      both primary type and caused by accompanying systemic diseases. Further increase
      in concentration of UTI up to 31.74 +/- 7.38 micrograms/ml and activation of AS
      ATA in urine was observed in the patients with nephrotic form of
      glomerulonephritis at the step of chronic kidney insufficiency. The increase in
      UTI concentration observed did not correlate with the level of leukocyturia.
      Proteinases of monocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts, involved in inflammation and
      formation of connective tissue in kidney, but not of enzymes from
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes, appear to be responsible for formation of UTI out
      of its precursor inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor in glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3369133
TI  - [Possible role of natural cytotoxicity in impairment of collagen catabolism in
      focal scleroderma].
AB  - Relationship between the state of natural cytotoxicity and collagen catabolism
      were studied in patients with focal sclerodermia. In the impairment activity of
      natural killer cells (NK cells) was markedly altered depending on such clinical
      parameters as duration, severity, activity and distribution of the disease as
      well as it was related to definite transformations in catabolism of collagen
      proteins. Low rate of collagen production and intensive collagenolytic processes
      correlated with the high level of hydrolytic activity of NK cells at the early
      steps of systemic morphea guttata accompanied by highly progressive course of the
      disease. Under conditions of subacute forms of focal morphea guttata activity of
      NK cells was distinctly decreased down to 50% of that of normal state and was
      accompanied by alterations in the spectrum of collagenolytic enzymes as well as
      by considerable variations in collagen production and in posttranslational
      modification of collagen fibrils. During the chronic step of sclerodermia
      activity of NK cells was normalized and correlated with the lowered rate of
      collagen production as well as with the subsequent alterations in collagen
      proteins catabolism. Alterations in the level of natural cytotoxicity appear to
      correlate with the state of collagen metabolism in focal sclerodermia.

PMID- 3369134
TI  - Progressive loss of fibronectin-mediated opsonic activity in plasma
      cryoprecipitate with storage. Role of fibronectin fragmentation.
AB  - Septic injured patients often manifest a deficiency of plasma fibronectin.
      Several studies have shown improvements in organ function in such patients
      following infusion of fibronectin-rich plasma cryoprecipitate, while other
      studies found no improvement. One explanation for these differences may be the
      use of plasma cryoprecipitate which has been stored for various time intervals
      prior to its use as a source of fibronectin. This investigation tested the
      hypothesis that the opsonic activity of fibronectin in cryoprecipitate may
      decline with increased storage duration. Using a bioassay of opsonic activity, we
      evaluated human plasma cryoprecipitate that was stored at either -20 or -80
      degrees C for various intervals (2 weeks to 12 months) after its preparation from
      fresh donor plasma. Our findings demonstrated that the opsonic activity of
      fibronectin in cryoprecipitate declined with increasing time of storage.
      Significant loss (p less than 0.05) of opsonic activity was first evident after 2
      months of storage. Storage at -80 degrees C did not prevent this decline in
      opsonic activity as compared to storage at -20 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis
      revealed extensive fragmentation of the dimeric fibronectin (440 kdaltons) and
      the presence of lower molecular weight fragments in 4- to 12-month-old plasma
      cryoprecipitate. Therefore, plasma cryoprecipitate of varying ages (storage time)
      when used as a source of fibronectin for replacement therapy to support
      phagocytic function in septic injured patients may result in different
      fibronectin-mediated responses. The decline in activity may be due, in part, to
      fragmentation of the fibronectin molecule.

PMID- 3369135
TI  - Efficacy of an immunoglobulin preparation from HIV carriers in preventing HIV
      replication in vitro.
AB  - Immunoglobulin samples (HIV-Ig) were prepared by cold ethanol fractionation of
      human plasma containing antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The
      ability to prevent viral spreading was studied using either human T-cell leukemia
      virus type I (HTLV-I)-carrying MT-4 cells or in a coculture system using MOLT-4
      cells and virus-producing MOLT-4/HIV HTLV-IIIB cells. Treatment of HIV-infected
      MT-4 cells with HIV-Ig effectively blocked the appearance of antigens of HIV and
      the virus-induced cytopathic effect. HIV-Ig blocked multinucleated giant cell
      formation in the MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/HIV HTLV-IIIB coculture system.

PMID- 3369136
TI  - Alloimmunization after leukocyte-depleted multiple random donor platelet
      transfusions.
AB  - In a prospective study we investigated the development and the course of
      alloimmunization after leukocyte-depleted red cell and multiple random donor
      platelet transfusions in 335 patients. Of these 335 patients, who had a negative
      antibody screening on admission and a negative transfusion history, 69 (21%)
      developed either transient (n = 18) or permanent (n = 51) lymphocytotoxic
      antibodies, but only 31 patients (9%; 95% confidence limits 6-12%) developed
      multispecific alloantibodies necessitating HLA-matched platelet transfusions.
      There was no difference with regard to the development of antibodies and platelet
      refractoriness between leukemia patients receiving cytostatic treatment and
      patients with aplastic anemia receiving prednisone and antithymocyte globulin.
      Females with previous pregnancies developed platelet refractoriness with an
      increased incidence (Chi 2 13.38; p less than 0.001) compared to females without
      previous pregnancies, males, and children.

PMID- 3369137
TI  - Elucidation of alloantibodies in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
AB  - Forty-one patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), who had free
      antibody in their sera, were investigated for the presence of alloimmune
      erythrocyte antibodies using the ZZAP autoabsorption technique. Patients were
      subdivided into three risk categories: (I) no prior pregnancy or transfusion;
      (II) history of pregnancy and/or one to five transfusions; and (III) greater than
      5 transfusions. A total of 13 (32%) of the 41 patients exhibited significant
      alloantibodies. Of 11 category-I patients 2 (18%) had significant alloantibodies.
      Eight (31%) of the 26 category-II patients had significant alloantibodies and 3
      (75%) of the 4 category-III patients had significant alloantibodies after
      absorption. The majority showed Rh specificity: anti-E(8), -C(3), -Cw(1). Anti-K
      was found in 6 samples and 1 had anti-Fya. Alloantibodies had not been suspected
      prior to autoabsorption in 10 (77%) of the 13 patients with alloantibodies. These
      findings underline the importance of performing autoabsorption in AIHA when free
      autoantibody is present in the serum. Additionally, Rh phenotyping performed on
      ZZAP-treated cells showed complete agreement with that ascertained using pure IgM
      Rh typing sera and untreated cells.

PMID- 3369138
TI  - Application of a microtitre plate antiglobulin technique to determine the
      incidence of donors lacking high frequency antigens.
AB  - Approximately 65,000 random blood donors have been screened by a microtitre low
      ionic strength saline antiglobulin technique over a 12-month period. Antisera to
      high frequency antigens including: Vel, Lub, k, Kpb, Yta and Era were used.
      Additional sera including: anti-Lan, -Coa, -Sc1 and an antibody to an
      unidentified high frequency antigen, Mrs C.A., have been used as they became
      available. This has enabled the approximate frequencies of donors lacking the
      corresponding antigen, to be calculated.

PMID- 3369139
TI  - IgM anti-D as auto-antibody in a case of 'cold' auto-immune haemolytic anaemia.
AB  - A case is reported of an auto-immune haemolytic anaemia caused by IgM anti-D.
      This antibody, although active at 37 degrees C, gave stronger reactions at lower
      temperatures and appeared to activate complement. The auto-immune haemolytic
      anaemia was probably secondary to a non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

PMID- 3369140
TI  - Reduced immune phagocytosis of monocytes from neonates whose mothers produce HLA
      antibodies.
AB  - In vivo immune phagocytosis of neonatal monocytes was significantly correlated to
      the extent of maternal HLA immunization. Monocytes from all 15 neonates of
      mothers with HLA antibodies show reduced immune phagocytosis. In contrast, this
      holds true for monocytes from only 6 out of 13 neonates of mothers without
      detectable HLA antibodies. We infer the hypothesis that maternal HLA antibodies
      bind to mononuclear phagocytes of the fetus and of the fetal part of the placenta
      and thus cause inhibition of immune phagocytosis. Thereby, activation and
      secondary cell or tissue injury will not ensue and rejection of the fetal
      allograft is prevented in those pregnancies in which maternal alloimmunization
      occurs.

PMID- 3369142
TI  - The Swann phenotype 700:4,-41; genetic studies.
AB  - Serological analysis of the red cells from members of a large French-Canadian
      kindred proved that the Swa antigen is not part of the P1, Dombrock or Yt blood
      group systems. A linkage analysis of the SW blood group locus in relation to 27
      other loci indicates that SW is not closely linked to ABO, ACP1, ADA, AK1, C3,
      D2S5, DO, ESD, F13A, FY, GLO1, GPT, HP, IGHG, JK, LU, MYCL, P1, PGP, PGM1, PLG,
      RH or YT. By inference the study also allows exclusion of Swa from the
      Landsteiner-Wiener, Radin and Scianna blood group systems and exclusion of SW
      from the p22.1 to p34 segment of chromosome 1.

PMID- 3369141
TI  - Prevalence of ABO maternal-infant incompatibility in Asians, Blacks, Hispanics
      and Caucasians.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that race is a risk factor in ABO hemolytic disease of
      the newborn (ABO-HDN). In order to compare the prevalence of ABO-HDN in Asian,
      Black, Hispanic and Caucasian infants, we studied 10,611 consecutive births at
      one hospital over a 6-year period. Among group A infants born to group O mothers,
      the prevalence of positive DAT differed among the four groups (p = 0.007), and
      was highest in Asians (50%) and lowest in Caucasians (31%). However, the
      proportions of infants who required exchange transfusion were not different (p =
      0.351). Among group B infants born to group O mothers, the prevalence of positive
      DAT was not different among the four groups (p = 0.26) and none of these 166
      group B infants with a positive DAT result required exchange transfusion. Our
      findings suggest that there are small ethnic differences in the prevalence of
      positive DAT results in group A infants born to group O mothers, but the
      prevalence of clinical disease which requires exchange transfusion does not
      differ significantly among Asian, Black, Hispanic and Caucasian infants.

PMID- 3369143
TI  - [A matrix for preparing 2-fragment samples for spot ultramicrotomy].

PMID- 3369144
TI  - [Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus].

PMID- 3369146
TI  - [Antibodies to liver-specific lipoprotein in viral hepatitis A and B in
      children].
AB  - Antibodies to liver specific lipoprotein (ALSP) were determined in the blood of
      76 children suffering from virus hepatitis A, 22 children with virus hepatitis B
      and 30 normal children (controls) by enzyme-binding immunosorption for the
      elucidation of relationships between autoimmunization to hepatic cell plasma
      membranes and the course of the disease. The results showed ALSP to be present in
      25-27% of the examined subjects, being of prognostic importance for the detection
      of protracted or chronic forms of virus hepatitis.

PMID- 3369145
TI  - [Effect of remantadine and amantadine on the interaction of influenza virus
      proteins with model lipid membranes].
AB  - The influence of adamantane derivatives (remantadine and amantadine) on the
      surface charge of lipid bilayer when they are adsorbed on an artificially formed
      bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) was studied. The presence of the final number of
      binding centres on the BLM surface for remantadine and amantadine molecules and
      the cooperative nature of interaction of these compounds with the lipid bilayer
      were demonstrated. The features of interaction of influenza virus proteins
      isolated from the virion--M protein and a mixture of surface glycoproteins--were
      studied. Both antiviral compounds were shown to reduce markedly M protein
      adsorption on the lipid bilayer and to affect negligibly the sorption properties
      of the surface glycoproteins. Remantadine molecules interact directly with M
      protein molecules reducing their hydrophobic properties and, thereby, reducing
      the affinity of this viral polypeptide to lipid bilayer.

PMID- 3369147
TI  - [The search for preparations suppressing the reproduction of the AIDS virus].
AB  - Trials of clinically advantageous national inducers, thymus hormones, as well as
      human recombinant alpha 2-interferon were carried out in cultures of continuous
      lymphoblastoid cells H9/IIIB infected with HIV virus. The virus-inhibiting effect
      for HIV was observed with interferon in doses of 10-100 IU/ml. At a concentration
      of interferon of 1000 IU/ml, virus replication was inhibited completely, the
      interferon doses used exerting no marked toxic or antiproliferative effect on the
      cells. Human interferon inducers, poly(G).poly(C), PXL-6, dsRNA in concentrations
      of 50-100 micrograms/ml inhibited virus reproduction significantly. The highest
      antiviral effect was achieved with yeast dsRNA. The preparations of
      immunomodulators, thymarin, the 5th and 7th fractions of thymosin, noticeably
      stimulated proliferation of infected T-lymphocytes, reducing the relative number
      of cells carrying the virus-specific antigen. Combined use of preparations with
      different mechanisms of the antiviral effect may be advantageous in prevention
      and treatment of AIDS.

PMID- 3369148
TI  - [Antiviral factor isolated from infected cell cultures].
AB  - An antiviral factor of protein nature inhibiting reproduction of VEE, herpes,
      vaccinia VSV, fowl plague viruses was isolated from infected cell cultures. The
      factor has no virucidal or prophylactic effect, stable to low pH values and
      heating at 100 degrees C for 30 min.

PMID- 3369149
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of Lassa virus].
AB  - Ultrafiltration through hollow fibrous filters followed by purification in
      interrupted and linear urografin gradients yielded a Lassa virus suspension of
      high concentration. The use of gamma-irradiation for inactivation of the frozen
      virus suspension (-70 degrees C) caused no apparent structural changes of virions
      and made it possible to examine Lassa virus in electron microscope by negative
      staining. The observed virus particles in their morphology and sizes did not
      differ from previously described particles of other members of the Arenaviridae
      family. In ultrathin sections of Lassa virus-infected Vero cells, atypical
      virions were sometimes visible alongside with typical particles. Within one type
      of such particles no ribosome-like granules could be detected. Such "hollow"
      particles may possibly be defective virions. Another kind of atypical particles
      contained homogeneous electron-dense core and resembled mycoplasma. Of greatest
      interest are the particles with heterogeneous core in which "sandy" granules can
      be distinguished. The presence of greater amounts of uranophilic material than
      usually may be explained by getting into the virion in the process of its
      formation of a greater amount of genetic material than that present in typical
      virions.

PMID- 3369151
TI  - [Mathematical modelling of the effect of interferon inducers on the development
      of a viral infection].

PMID- 3369150
TI  - [Effect of remantadine on the morphogenesis of the Venezuelan equine
      encephalomyelitis virus in a Vero cell culture].
AB  - Morphogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus was studied in
      Vero cell cultures with or without remantadine treatment. Remantadine was found
      to inhibit late stages of VEE virus morphogenesis, especially formation of virus
      cores in the cytoplasm of the infected cells.

PMID- 3369153
TI  - West Virginia organ procurement.

PMID- 3369152
TI  - [Preparative separation of the antigenic structures of the tick-borne
      encephalitis virus by electrophoresis in a liquid medium].

PMID- 3369154
TI  - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to classical galactosemia.

PMID- 3369155
TI  - West Virginia business and labor survey.

PMID- 3369156
TI  - Measures of mortality across groups.

PMID- 3369157
TI  - Historiography. Biography or "women worthies" in nursing history.

PMID- 3369158
TI  - Ethical issues in nursing research. Issues in qualitative research.

PMID- 3369159
TI  - Technical notes. The challenge of cross-cultural nursing research.

PMID- 3369160
TI  - Living with a chronic illness. The experience of women with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease (COPD).

PMID- 3369162
TI  - The difference between a job and a career.

PMID- 3369161
TI  - Reactions of nurses to a patient assault vignette.

PMID- 3369163
TI  - Health assessment skill utilization by sophomore nursing students.

PMID- 3369164
TI  - Job satisfaction of new graduates.

PMID- 3369165
TI  - Patterns of self-care in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 3369166
TI  - Concurrent validity of clinical simulations.

PMID- 3369167
TI  - Nurses' drug knowledge.

PMID- 3369168
TI  - College freshman aspiring to nursing careers. Trends from the 1960s to the 1980s.

PMID- 3369169
TI  - Differences in work unit outcomes. Job satisfaction, organizational commitment,
      and turnover among hospital nursing department employees.

PMID- 3369170
TI  - [Value and significance of obstetric monitoring methods].
AB  - In a retrospective study on 224 births, 200 continuous tracings recorded during
      intrapartum cardiotokography were analysed for the presence of alarm signals and
      the incidence of fetal acidosis assessed by fetal blood sampling. Moreover, we
      classified the 200 monitored parturitions according to the presence of risk at
      the beginning and/or the appearance of alarm signals during labour into 4 groups.
      In 17% of the parturitions without initial risk alarm signals were subsequently
      recorded on CTG, whereas alarm signals occurred in 35% of high-risk births. In
      both groups fetal distress, as assessed by fetal blood sampling, was detected in
      4%. In all investigated cases we simulated a policy of intrapartum monitoring by
      intermittent auscultation (IA) up to the pushing period. The CTG tracings were
      analysed retrospectively, whilst counting the fetal heart rate every fifteen
      minutes. The possible results and consequences of IA were compared with the
      actual results and management based on CTG alone. Vice the real management, were
      the decision for operative delivery after the suspected diagnosis of fetal
      distress had been confirmed by fetal blood sampling. The results of all three
      methods were compared. The superiority of CTG over IA in detecting alarming
      situations and fetal distress, was proven statistically. In order to prevent the
      unnecessary operative delivery of an infant erroneously considered to be
      distressed, it is mandatory to check the indication by fetal blood sampling.

PMID- 3369171
TI  - Comparison between dynamic lung compliance and static compliance of the
      respiratory system in sick newborn infants.
AB  - We compared dynamic lung compliance (Cldyn) determined by the oesophageal balloon
      technique with static compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) determined by an
      airway occlusion technique in 10 newborn infants with various cardio-respiratory
      diseases. The correlation between the two variables was linear and statistically
      significant (r = 0.911, p less than 0.0003; Cldyn = 1.51.Crs-0.48). Crs varied
      significantly less than Cldyn (mean coefficient of variation 3.9 for Crs vs. 9.3
      for Cldyn; t = 6.06, p less than 0.0002). Since Crs is closely related to lung
      compliance but a more reliable parameter and technically easier to assess, we
      recommend the assessment of Crs instead of Cldyn in clinical practice.

PMID- 3369172
TI  - [Therapy of amyloid nephrosis in Crohn disease: plasmapheresis plus
      azathioprine?].
AB  - A 38-year old woman with serious nephrotic syndrome due to kidney amyloidosis in
      consequence of Crohn's disease was observed. The long-term prognosis of this
      illness is serious, but since in the literature several good results have been
      mentioned under treatment with immunosuppressives, in the present case an
      aggressive immunosuppression was carried out, which was started under the
      conception that, in consequence of elimination of preamyloid substances from the
      serum by plasmapheresis in combination with an additional inhibition of the
      reproduction of these substances by azathioprine, the clinical picture could be
      favourably influenced. During therapy with long-term intermittent plasmapheresis
      in combination with azathioprine a complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome
      was achieved.

PMID- 3369173
TI  - [Complications following cardiac pacemaker implantation. Report of the
      experiences of a pacemaker implantation center].

PMID- 3369174
TI  - [Radiation risk of nuclear energy].

PMID- 3369175
TI  - [Prerequisites for further ensuring primary care by general practitioners with
      special reference to industrially concentrated areas].

PMID- 3369176
TI  - [Contribution of the personnel of marital and sex counseling facilities to sex
      education. Experiences in the further education of teachers of primary
      education].

PMID- 3369178
TI  - [The law and public health].

PMID- 3369177
TI  - [Help in emergencies--the responsibility of every physician].

PMID- 3369179
TI  - [Infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the hospital health
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3369180
TI  - [Comparability of air pollution evaluation procedures exemplified by East Germany
      and Hungary].

PMID- 3369181
TI  - [A rapid method for evaluating the effectiveness of clean-air technical equipment
      for germ-free ventilation].

PMID- 3369182
TI  - [Spectrum of methods for detecting the effect of general air pollutants on the
      child's body].

PMID- 3369183
TI  - [Total fluoride intake. Results of various methods of analysis and comparison of
      the literature].

PMID- 3369184
TI  - [Kinetics of cadmium in the human body].

PMID- 3369185
TI  - [Use of passive samplers in monitoring SO2 emissions].

PMID- 3369186
TI  - [Gas chromatography measurement of benzene/toluene in atmospheric air using
      absorptive samples and thermal desorption].

PMID- 3369187
TI  - [Quality assurance in emission monitoring].

PMID- 3369188
TI  - [Development of a health-promoting residential environment].

PMID- 3369189
TI  - [History of air quality measurements in the 2d half of the 18th century].

PMID- 3369190
TI  - [Responsibilities of public health under the new Hungarian clean air policy].

PMID- 3369191
TI  - [Considerations from the air health viewpoint on the responsibilities of
      emergency health services exemplified by diseases of the respiratory and
      cardiovascular systems].

PMID- 3369192
TI  - [Public health impact and epidemiogenic risk concerning synanthropic flies].

PMID- 3369193
TI  - [Thermal stresses on the respiratory tract in the East German region].

PMID- 3369194
TI  - [Serum concentration of C-reactive protein in day-care children with acute
      respiratory diseases].

PMID- 3369195
TI  - [Effect of the sampling technic on the detection of the cadmium content in
      aerosols and its causes].

PMID- 3369196
TI  - [Trace analysis determination of chloride in atmospheric air].

PMID- 3369197
TI  - [Modification of the upper respiratory tract by carbonized gas exposure in
      relation to rhinologic function tests].

PMID- 3369198
TI  - [Collaborative study for performing resistance tests with the agar diffusion
      test].

PMID- 3369199
TI  - [Broth microdilution test for the standardized determination of minimal
      inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobial drugs in
      rapidly growing aerobic bacteria].

PMID- 3369201
TI  - [Results of occupational medicine stomatologic studies in workers exposed to
      lead].

PMID- 3369200
TI  - [Toxicity of prometryne in the lactation period in rats].

PMID- 3369202
TI  - [Significance of the tonality of auditory events in the assessment of noise in
      the community residential environment].

PMID- 3369203
TI  - [Effect of cooperation between the stomatologist and teacher on the effectiveness
      of health care for children of the lower classes in school].

PMID- 3369204
TI  - [Byssinosis--really a rarely diagnosed disease?].

PMID- 3369205
TI  - [Psychological occupational stresses and their relation to the health and
      personality development of workers in retail trade].

PMID- 3369206
TI  - [Occupationally-induced hearing loss at a shipyard within the scope of the
      occupational practice of "ambulatory medical care"].

PMID- 3369207
TI  - [Behavior of performance and physiologic parameters in pursuit tracking with
      various frequency periods].

PMID- 3369208
TI  - [Stress patterns in psychological stress situations].

PMID- 3369209
TI  - [Variations in the organization and illumination of work sites with computer
      screen equipment].

PMID- 3369210
TI  - [Use of danger analysis in the projection stage].

PMID- 3369211
TI  - [Medical history aspects of the development of the control of tuberculosis in the
      current Magdeburg district from the occupational medicine viewpoint].

PMID- 3369212
TI  - [Development and results of the health protection of workers in Berlin
      industries].

PMID- 3369214
TI  - [Occupational medicine significance of climatic chamber experiments for the
      assessment and improvement of unfavorable climatic and occupational conditions].

PMID- 3369213
TI  - [Health and occupational protection in dealing with chemical carcinogens in the
      laboratory].

PMID- 3369215
TI  - [The internist--generalist or specialist?].
AB  - Also after the elimination of certain subjects and after the development of
      subspecialisations internal medicine has remained the central clinical basic
      speciality. The synoptic medical thinking and acting with a coordination of all
      special examinations to a coherent view and treatment of the patients is
      incumbent on the internal specialist as "general internal specialist" or so
      called "generalist". The central point of the intermedical care of the population
      lies in the work of the internal specialist. This has consequences also for the
      education and further training. In the auditory and at the patient we must be
      able to show the students and physicians trustworthy how internal medicine as
      general internal medicine is organised in its full extent and is practised by a
      medical superintendent who is qualified to do this.

PMID- 3369216
TI  - [Pregnancy in patients with visceral lupus erythematosus, with special reference
      to kidney involvement].
AB  - Of 44 female patients with lupus erythematosus visceralis after and with
      manifestation of the disease, respectively, in eight women ten pregnancies
      developed, out of them three viable births between the 33rd and 40th week of
      pregnancy, one stillbirth in the 37th week of pregnancy, one miscarriage in the
      IIIrd month of pregnancy and five interruptions of pregnancy. It is reported on
      the course of the disease and pregnancy of five women, taking into particular
      consideration the lupus nephritis. With the help of the literature and on the
      basis of own experiences course of the lupus erythematosus visceralis and lupus
      nephritis during pregnancy, the influence of the lupus erythematosus visceralis
      on pregnancy and development of the child, peculiarities of the treatment of
      lupus erythematosus visceralis during pregnancy as well as questions of
      prevention and interruption of pregnancy are discussed. Finally is tried to draw
      universal conclusions.

PMID- 3369218
TI  - [Incidence of collagenoses in patients with lung fibrosis].
AB  - In 63 out of 887 patients with alveolitis and pulmonary fibroses was causally
      found a so-called "collagenosis". A participation of the lung in such diseases is
      prognostically unfavourable. The changes in the framework of the lungs
      radiographically, functionally and morphologically cannot be separated from
      fibroses of other origin. The diagnosis is to be made after exclusion of other
      noxae and taking into consideration the appearances of the primary disease
      (clinic, spectrum of organs, special laboratory parameters etc.).

PMID- 3369219
TI  - [Status quo of lipid diagnosis from the internal medicine viewpoint].
AB  - For the prevention and therapy of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases every
      internal specialist needs basic knowledge of a rational diagnostics of lipids.
      The basic analytics of lipids must take into consideration (as to computation)
      total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. According
      to the newest publications of the European Society for Atherosclerosis is
      orientated to a total cholesterol of 5.2 mmol/l and to triglycerides of 2.3
      mmol/l, in order to keep the character of the atherogenic risk as insignificant
      as possible.

PMID- 3369217
TI  - [Peculiarities of nicotinic acid formation in coronary heart disease with special
      reference to heart arrhythmias].
AB  - The present work is divided into two parts: clinical observations and
      experimental investigations. The endogenic formation of nicotinic acid was
      decreased in all patients with ischaemic heart disease, and we have found an
      increased accumulation of kynurenine in blood serum after tryptophan loading in
      many cases - a clear indication of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P) deficiency in
      the organism. The results of experimental investigations showed that L-kynurenine
      sulphate initiates cardiac dysrhythmias as well as dystrophic changes in
      cardiomyocytes. Both the clinical observations and experimental investigations
      point out a previously unknown pathogenetic mechanism for the ischaemic heart
      disease, and for bradyarrhythmia as well as myocardial cell failure, caused by P
      5-P deficiency in the organism.

PMID- 3369220
TI  - [Arterial macrocirculation following ultraviolet irradiation of venous blood in
      patients with arterial occlusive disease].
AB  - The influence on macrocirculatory parameters by ultraviolet irradiation of
      autologous venous blood was controlled in 5 patients. The ultraviolet irradiation
      did not show any positive effect on different sizes of blood supply. Therefore,
      as a conclusion the recommendation is given in every case at first to attempt the
      possibilities of a reconstruction of the arterial vascular system before the use
      of this therapy.

PMID- 3369221
TI  - [Current methods of prenatal determination of lung maturity of the infant from
      amniotic fluid].
AB  - Two currently used methods of determining fetal pulmonary maturity were verified
      on the basis of 148 amniotic fluid samples: one dimensional sequential thin-layer
      chromatographic determination of the lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio and of
      phosphatidyl glycerol, and an immunologic slide detection of phosphatidyl
      glycerol (Amniostat-FLM). With both methods, which have the advantage that they
      can be performed quickly and can sometimes even be used at the bedside (Amniostat
      FLM), a respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn can be ruled out with a high
      degree of confidence if the threshold values are exceeded (L/S greater than 2;
      phosphatidyl glycerol present). As with all historical methods, the positive
      correctness of these two modern methods (no RDS if the child is born within 72
      hours despite a negative phosphatidyl glycerol test in the amniotic fluid) is
      low. Clearly, apart from the quantitative existence of certain surfactant
      phospholipids (lecithin, phosphatidyl glycerol), there are other perinatal events
      or measures which determine the extent and severity of RDS in the immature
      newborn.

PMID- 3369223
TI  - The level of protein in normal and pathological seminal plasma.

PMID- 3369222
TI  - [Facilitation of the diagnosis of colpitis in pregnancy: the line test as a
      quantitative parameter of vaginal discharge].
AB  - To define the vaginal discharge in pregnancy with a numeric quantitative
      parameter and to determine out its pathognomonic importance, the vaginal
      discharge of 140 pregnant and 33 non pregnant women was examined and the women
      were asked to indicate the subjective degree of discharge in a visual linear
      analog scale (Line-test). Pregnant woman marked high Line test values more
      frequently than non pregnants irrespective of detection of a vaginitis. With
      increasing gestational age and parity higher Line test values were found
      irrespective of the frequency of vaginitis. With a cut off level of 80 mm, the
      specificity of the Line test concerning vaginitis is high below cut-off, the
      possibility to have vaginitis is increased. The Line test is simple to use and -
      because of its specificity and sensitivity - has been found useful in evaluating
      the degree of vaginal discharge.

PMID- 3369224
TI  - [Apolipoprotein E, isolation and development of an electroimmunoassay].

PMID- 3369225
TI  - [Stability of selected enzymes, proteins and test components of coagulation in
      low-temperature preservation].

PMID- 3369226
TI  - [Modified treatment of DNA preparation for cultured amniotic fluid cells and
      chorionic tissue].

PMID- 3369227
TI  - [Use of sequential statistical procedures for the evaluation of blood smears].

PMID- 3369228
TI  - With chronic headache, the diagnosis may be right under your nose.

PMID- 3369229
TI  - Fascinated by AIDS debate, puzzled by prisoner testing.

PMID- 3369230
TI  - Cancer trends: limb-sparing treatment for adult soft tissue sarcomas. Interview
      by J. Shelton Horsley 3d, MD.

PMID- 3369231
TI  - Compensation for vaccine injury.

PMID- 3369232
TI  - 20 mg aspirin daily--evidence for a clinical future of this extremely low-dose in
      arterial disease?

PMID- 3369233
TI  - [Vascular surgery problems in 65 free jejunal transplants in reconstruction of
      the pharyngoesophagolaryngeal area].

PMID- 3369234
TI  - [The home pharmacy].

PMID- 3369235
TI  - [Nutritive skin circulation in partial ischemia: effect of various vasoactive
      substances].

PMID- 3369236
TI  - Bier's intravenous method for prostaglandin E treatment of critical ischaemia of
      the leg.

PMID- 3369237
TI  - Metabolic effects of prostaglandin E1 on human skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3369238
TI  - Anatomical variations of the short saphenous vein: a phlebographic study.

PMID- 3369239
TI  - [Arterio-cutaneous fistula--does it exist?].

PMID- 3369240
TI  - Intake of saccharin and cyclamate from Finnish foods between 1979 and 1985.
AB  - The dietary intake of saccharin and cyclamate was investigated during the period
      1979-1985 in order to find out about the use as sweeteners in the food industry
      and hospitals and to obtain intake data for the toxicological evaluation of
      sweeteners in the Finnish diet. Eighty-nine samples of desserts served in 85
      hospitals were analysed in 1983. Other samples investigated were artificially
      sweetened commercial foods available in Finland, such as soft drinks, sweets and
      jellies. The intake evaluation was carried out with reference to the acceptable
      daily intake (ADI), with commercial portions for a child being 20 kg and for an
      adult 60 kg. The most important foods with regard to the intake of saccharin and
      cyclamate were soft drinks. In 1979, 1982 and 1985, soft drinks contributed 128%,
      93%, and 51%, respectively, of the ADI of artificial sweeteners for children and
      42%, 31%, and 17% for adults. Artificially sweetened desserts served in hospitals
      contributed to 35% of the ADI for children and 11% for adults.

PMID- 3369241
TI  - Fast profiling of food by analytical pyrolysis.
AB  - The analytical application of direct pyrolysis (Py) field ionization (FI)-mass
      spectrometry (MS) und Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      (Py-GC/FIMS) to various whole foodstuffs is described for the first time. The
      former technique yields highly differentiated information from the sample in
      typically 15 min, namely the molecular weight distribution of released volatiles
      and pyrolysis products in a single spectrum which, owing to the good
      reproducibility and high significance of the resulting data, has previously been
      shown to be suitable for the application of chemometric methods. Such mass
      spectral peaks are further characterized and assigned by high resolution mass
      measurement and/or by electron ionization after Curie-point pyrolysis and gas
      chromatographic separation of the components. In this first report, typical
      results are presented for ground roasted coffee, rosehip tea, wheatmeal biscuit,
      chocolate drink powder and milk chocolate. The FI mass spectrum obtained from the
      latter sample is compared with those obtained using the complementary soft
      ionization techniques of chemical ionization (CI) and direct chemical ionization
      (DCI).

PMID- 3369242
TI  - Experimental aflatoxin production in commercial yoghurt.
AB  - The production of aflatoxins in commercial yoghurt inoculated with Aspergillus
      parasiticus NRRL 2999 was studied, using different incubation conditions. In all
      of the experiments, the level of aflatoxins was higher at 28 degrees C than at 15
      degrees C and higher in a "damaged" container than in an "intact" container
      (related to microaerophilic conditions). No fungal growth or aflatoxin production
      was seen at 10 degrees C. Both fungal growth and aflatoxin concentration vary
      throughout the incubation period instead of progressively increasing. The ratio
      of aflatoxin B and G (B:G) at 28 degrees C was almost 1:1, but generally more
      aflatoxin G was detected at 15 degrees C. The distribution in mycelium/substrate
      was approximately 1:1 at both 28 degrees C and 15 degrees C.

PMID- 3369243
TI  - A method for the determination of N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics.
AB  - A method fur the determination of N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics and
      toiletries is described. The ingredients used in their manufacture N-nitroso-bis
      (2-hydroxyethyl)amine (N-nitrosodiethanolamine, NDELA) and N-nitroso-bis-(2
      hydroxy-propyl)amine (NBHPA) are almost exclusively the contaminants. The method
      has therefore been modified for their determination. N-Nitroso-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)
      (2-hydroxypropyl)amine is used as the internal standard. After dilution with
      water, the cosmetic is adsorbed onto a kieselguhr column and extracted with n
      butanol. The extract is brought to dryness, re-dissolved in chloroform/acetone (5
      + 1) and transferred to a silica gel column. The column is washed and eluted with
      acetone. The eluate is dried and the residue is treated with N-methyl-N
      trimethylsilyl-heptafluorobutyramide. Trimethylsilyl (TMS)derivatives of N
      nitrosoalkanolamines are determined by gas-chromatography with a thermal energy
      analyzer (TEA). Recovery of the internal standard is 95% and the determination
      limit is 5 micrograms/kg, Repeated analyses of a foam bath, spiked with 30
      micrograms/kg NDELA, gave an average content of 32 micrograms/kg NDELA (variation
      coefficient 8.8%; n = 10). In order to avoid artefact formation during the clean
      up process, kieselguhr containing 50% sodium ascorbate has to be used when
      cosmetics containing free dialkanolamines are analyzed.

PMID- 3369244
TI  - [Morphology of synovial cells of the human in organ and explant cultures].
AB  - Biopsy material of synovial tissue was taken from 36 patients (with arthrosis,
      rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic and unaffected joints). Cell and tissue cultures,
      as well as cells dissociated by enzymes, were investigated by light microscopy
      (LM), immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Synovial A-cells were
      endowed with all morphological characteristics of phagocytic capacity but lacking
      the peroxidase reaction. In contrast to the monocytes, they were not
      immunostained by OKM-1 antibodies. The A-cells could be observed in subsequent in
      vitro growth for up to 2 weeks. In addition to B-cells, a third cell type was
      identified. This cell type had the morphological characteristics of a dendritic
      cell and was glass and plastic adherent. It can be referred to also as a stellate
      cell. We assume that these stellate cells represent modified synovial
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 3369245
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and biological availability of diclofenac preparations
      following intramuscular injection of 75 mg and oral administration of 150 mg of
      active drug].
AB  - Four different formulations of diclofenac sodium, a widely used NSAID, were
      administered to eight healthy young volunteers in a cross-over study, according
      to a latin-square design. The subjects received either 75 mg as intramuscular
      injections or 150 mg as enteric-coated tablets. Following administration, blood
      samples were drawn and analysed for unchanged diclofenac, employing HPLC. 72.9%
      of the oral dose was absorbed with an average lag-time of 2.2 h. Peak plasma
      concentrations amounted to 2.9 micrograms/ml after 3.1 h, as compared to 2.15
      micrograms/ml, 20-30 min following an intramuscular injection of 75 mg.
      Diclofenac sodium was excreted with an average half-life of 1.15 h. The
      bioavailability of the three i.m. injectable solutions, as calculated from the
      area under the curve (AUC), did not differ significantly. The results suggest
      that i.m. injectable diclofenac sodium provides fast drug liberation suitable for
      acute analgesic treatment, although the general risk of i.m. injections, as well
      as the very rare risk of protracted anaphylactic shocks, has to be taken into
      account. Despite the high variability of absorption, peak plasma concentrations
      and bioavailability, the enteric-coated tablets may be favourable in chronic
      antiinflammatory therapy.

PMID- 3369247
TI  - [Incomplete Felty syndrome with manifestation of arthritis following a long
      standing course of the disease].
AB  - A 62-year-old female patient with splenomegaly, severe granulocytopenia,
      recurrent infections and negative rheumatoid factor test initially had no
      clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Leucopenia responded to splenectomy
      and did not recur during 7 years follow-up. Symmetrical metacarpophalangeal joint
      swelling developed 9 months after 7 years of radiographic destruction. This case
      emphasizes that arthritis may occasionally be a late and minor manifestation of
      Felty's syndrome.

PMID- 3369246
TI  - [Patient education in chronic polyarthritis. 3. Intermediate results of a
      prospective, controlled study of the effectiveness and side effects of patient
      seminars for polyarthritis patients].
AB  - Efficacy and possible negative side effects of a patient education program for
      rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated in a controlled, prospective study over 3
      months. 34 outpatients were educated over a total of 8 h in three groups within a
      patient-centred design. Before the program the knowledge of the disease depended
      only on the formal grade of education but not on disease-related variables such
      as disease duration or disability. Probably due to its individualizing method,
      the program improved the knowledge of all patients to the same extent, regardless
      of their intellectual and social prerequisites. The increased cognitive knowledge
      did not result in negative side effects like increased pain or depression. The
      pain score remained unchanged. Depression decreased after the education. The
      group sessions made us suppose that the participants may have represented a
      selected group of active, psychologically stable patients, who cope well with
      rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, we felt that non-participation was the
      response of the inactive, fatalistic patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who live
      in social isolation and especially need our care. Therefore, future efforts must
      particularly focus on the problem of motivation and on an increase in the rate of
      participation.

PMID- 3369248
TI  - [Preparation of urine cytologic samples using millipore membrane filters].
AB  - In the last decades the exfoliative urinary cytology has proved to be good in the
      diagnosis and follow-up of bladder tumors. It is a useful method in the daily
      practice of our urological department. We have introduced the membrane filter
      cell separation technique according to Aikens and Wittekind. By this technique it
      is possible to produce swabs of good quality quick and simple on the spot. The
      use of an expensive cytocentrifuge is unnecessary. The presupposition of an
      effective cure of our tumor patients is the early recognition of the lesion and
      for this the urinary cytology is a supplementary diagnostic method. The
      advantages of this non-invasive method are its simplicity and the lower cost.

PMID- 3369249
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistula in the tabatiere region--primary shunt in chronic
      hemodialysis].
AB  - The number of patients with end-stage renal disease treated by chronic
      hemodialysis is permanently increased. An assumption of a long-term and
      successful treatment is the durable functioning vascular access. The method of
      choice worldwide is the typical Cimino fistula on the distal forearm, but a more
      peripheral arterio-venous fistula is possible. A fistula in the Tabatiere region
      has proved to be excellent in our experience with 51 patients operated between
      January 1985 and March 1987. The surgical technique, results, and advantages of
      this vascular access operation are described.

PMID- 3369250
TI  - [Intracavernous injection of vasoactive substances in the treatment of erectile
      dysfunction].
AB  - Herein we report our experience with a clinical trial of intracavernous injection
      of vasoactive substances (Papaverin, Dibenzyran, Regitin) in 41 patients
      suffering from erectile dysfunction for longer than 1 year. In 14 out of 33
      patients the application of papaverin alone was already sufficient to produce an
      excellent erection (T/E-grade 4) under clinical conditions. The simultaneous
      injection of two agents (Papaverin + Dibenzyran or Papaverin + Regitin) in
      patients with no or insufficient response to papaverin improved the results
      additionally. Besides a positively effect of delay from the injection to the
      erection could be observed in comparison with an injection of only papaverin. In
      conclusion, this method combined with an autoinjection therapy is an alternative
      approach to treat certain patients with erectile dysfunction.

PMID- 3369251
TI  - [Treatment of idiopathic varicocele in children and adults by occlusion of the
      testicular vein with a detachable balloon].
AB  - The results of varicocele treatment by balloon occlusion of the testicular vein
      in 22 children and 29 adults are compared with the results after operative
      ligation of the testicular vein in 95 patients. In 6 out of 22 children (27%) the
      varicocele persisted after balloon occlusion, compared with 3 out of 29 adult
      patients (10%). These results in adults are comparable to the results after
      operative ligation of the testicular vein, whereas the complication rate was
      significantly lower after balloon occlusion in comparison with operative
      treatment.

PMID- 3369252
TI  - [Fibrous polyp of the ureter].
AB  - Benign tumors in the upper parts of the urinary tract are rare. The clinical
      symptoms of flank pain and/or macrohematuria often present problems concerning
      differential diagnosis. As radiological sign the smoothly bound filling defect
      with possible ureter obstruction is characteristic but not convincing. Therefore
      the diagnosis can only be made by operation and a simultaneous histological
      analysis. This report is based on a female patient with symptoms of flank pain
      and macrohematuria. By operative exploration a fibrous ureteral polyp was found
      which was then excised through an ureterotomy.

PMID- 3369253
TI  - Breeding problems in diabetes-prone BB rats after "wet hysterectomy".

PMID- 3369254
TI  - [Retrograde cystogram of the mouse for the precise localization and irradiation
      of the urinary bladder].

PMID- 3369255
TI  - [Preliminary results with a rabbit model of ocular toxoplasmosis].

PMID- 3369256
TI  - Uremic bleeding in rats.

PMID- 3369257
TI  - [Procedure for conforming optical measurement of day and night motility in
      experimental animals by the simultaneous use of steady infrared light and
      intermittent visible light].

PMID- 3369258
TI  - [A cage for continuous infusion and isovolemic blood exchange in conscious,
      freely-moving rats at variable oxygen partial pressure in the inspired air].

PMID- 3369259
TI  - [Preliminary results on the use of the KISP II infusion pump for continuous long
      term administration of drugs to small research animals].

PMID- 3369260
TI  - [Analysis of the operation of a network of genetic counseling centers in Hungary
      1978-1985].
AB  - The activity of the 15 genetic counseling and 4 prenatal genetic centers working
      within the frame of family planning and women protection network in 8 years has
      been analyzed by the authors. The frequency of consultations in the period
      examined increased twofold. Although the number of pathologic cases prenatally
      diagnosed raises from year to year, it is necessary to inform the genetic
      counseling centers for controlling their effectivity. The authors demand in cases
      of suspicious teratogenic defects hereditary diseases to take genetic expert
      opinion before abruptio of pregnancy. The valuation of serum alpha-protein
      examinations is possible only in correlation to gestational age. The authors give
      the recommendation to all obstetricians and midwives involved in outpatient
      pregnancy care to cause all pregnant women older than 40 years to go to see
      genetic counseling centre before 11th gestational week. Only in this way we can
      wait for better results yet.

PMID- 3369261
TI  - [Peridural analgesia with fentanyl--an alternative to control of labor pain].
AB  - Modern obstetrics should include not only an optimal labour monitoring but also
      an adequate pain relief during delivery. Due to the discovery of specific opiate
      receptors, for example in the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior horn in the
      spinal cord and the proof of direct pain-modifying effects on spinal level, new
      ways of the therapy of pain have been developed. The analysis was made with 40
      parturients, who had decided for an epidural analgesia. They were given 0.1 mg
      fentanyl epidurally at a cervical dilatation of 3 to 5 cm and regular uterine
      contractions. The registrated onset time of fentanyl was between 6 and 15
      minutes. A fentanyl dose of 0.1 mg applied epidurally proved to be sufficient for
      all parturients for the alleviation of pain in the period of dilatation. The
      interval without pain amounted to 130 mins. The motoricity was not impaired by
      the peridural application of fentanyl, because the parturient was able to be
      mobilized under continuous telemetric monitoring including telemetric management
      of the profile of the uterine activity. The period of the active and latent
      phases as well as the total delivery time was within the desirable ranges. An
      impairment of the general condition, e.g. vomiting, nausea or pruritus, was not
      noticed. There were no circulatory disturbances either. After the application of
      fentanyl the cardiotocograms remained uninfluenced in all parameters. All
      parturients declared that they had a positive birth experience under this kind of
      obstetric analgesia and that they would decide for this method again in case of a
      further delivery.

PMID- 3369262
TI  - [Does sperm penetration in bovine mucus provide additional information to the
      "classical" spermiogram and motility characteristics?].
AB  - In vitro bovine cervical mucus penetration tests (Penetrak) were performed in 30
      patients from our fertility clinic and in 33 healthy volunteers with normal semen
      characteristics. After 90 minutes maximum penetration by sperm (mm) was measured
      using a capillary filled with bovine midcycle cervical mucus. At the same time
      classical (sperm motility [%], concentration [mill/ml] and morphology [% oval
      heads] ) and computerized semen analyses (Cell Soft) were performed (mean
      velocity [micron/s], lateral head displacement [micron], beat frequency [Hz] and
      mean linearity). Multiple regression analysis of the depth of sperm penetration
      in cervical mucus (mm) yielded those semen parameters which allowed correct
      prediction of the penetration test in 54% of cases. Sperm concentration,
      morphology, motility and mean velocity alone accounted of 53% of the predictions.
      In 46% of cases the outcome of the cervical mucus penetration test could not be
      predicted, regardless of whether classical or computerized semen analysis was
      performed. This suggests that factors other than those described above must play
      a role in this aspect of sperm function.

PMID- 3369263
TI  - [Vascular imaging in the area of the uterine horn and adnexa in the rabbit].
AB  - To demonstrate the vascular supply of uterus and adnexas, 5 white New Zealand
      rabbits were perfused with methylmetacrylates i.a. and i.v. In 15 other white
      rabbits, the uterus horns had been coagulated pelviscopically by monopolar or
      bipolar high frequency current or by endocoagulation, either immediately or 30
      days before perfusion, in order to show impairment of the vascular system after
      coagulation. The destruction area after endocoagulation largely corresponded to
      the amount of tissue grasped by the crocodile forceps. After bipolar high
      frequency coagulation, the arcades of the arteria and vena uterina were
      destroyed, including the ramus ovaricus and tubarius. After monopolar high
      frequency coagulation, the degree of vascular destruction was higher than
      suspected from the morphological changes: 5-8 cm of the vessels of the uterus
      horn and mesometrium were lacking, and even the arteria and vena uterina were
      severely damaged. When the vascular supply of the ovaries was inspected, it was
      seen that the arteria ovarica provides the main blood supply of the ovary, the
      tube and distal parts of the uterus horn in these animals. Therefore the
      hypothesis that a disturbed ovarian function after operations on the tube resp.
      uterus horn may result from damage to branches of the uterine artery, does not
      hold for the rabbit. On the contrary, one has to assume that ovarian dysfunction
      after uterus horn manipulations are caused by interference with the adrenergic
      nervous system and not by a direct interruption of ovarian blood supply in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 3369264
TI  - Developing research-based articles for publication.

PMID- 3369265
TI  - General anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3369266
TI  - AANA Journal course: advanced scientific concepts: update for nurse anesthetists-
      applied technology: a basis for patient safety (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3369267
TI  - A case study: anesthesia for pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 3369269
TI  - Proceedings of the meeting of the Belgian Society of Anesthesiology and
      Reanimation. December 12, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3369268
TI  - Nurse anesthetists and prescriptive authority.

PMID- 3369270
TI  - Balanced anesthesia and patient-controlled postoperative analgesia with fentanyl:
      minimum effective concentrations, accumulation and acute tolerance.
AB  - Minimum effective fentanyl concentrations (MEC) were determined in 230 ASA I-III
      patients undergoing a variety of elective surgical procedures under balanced
      anesthesia, and in 40 patients recovering from comparable operations and
      anesthesia during postoperative intravenous self-administration of fentanyl
      (demand dose 34.5 micrograms) by means of the On-Demand Analgesia Computer.
      Following induction of anesthesia with fentanyl 4 micrograms/kg, repetitive
      fentanyl reinjections (0.1-0.2 mg) were given intraoperatively whenever systolic
      blood pressure or pulse rate increased to more than 20% of preinduction values,
      resulting in an intraoperative fentanyl consumption of 4.2 +/- 1.2
      micrograms/kg/h. Duration of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) was
      20.2 +/- 4.3 h during which time 15.5 +/- 12.9 demands per patient were
      registered, resulting in a postoperative fentanyl consumption of 0.46 +/- 0.35
      micrograms/kg/h. MECs appeared to be log-normally distributed (intra-operative
      median 2.6 ng/ml, range 0.2-36.6; postoperative median 1.2 ng/ml, range 0.2-8.0).
      Mean intra- and interindividual variability in MEC was 37% intraoperatively or
      27% postoperatively, and 68% or 63%, respectively. There was no obvious
      correlation between postoperative fentanyl consumption or individual mean MEC and
      analgesic efficacy, which was generally described as superior to conventional
      pain treatment. Individual MECs increased gradually during anesthesia (mean slope
      0.0191 ng/ml/min) but decreased under PCA conditions (-0.0008 ng/ml/min);
      difference not significant. While the postoperative decrease could be explained
      by diminishing pain intensity during the observation period, the slight
      intraoperative increase is discussed as acute tolerance rather than as
      accumulation. It is concluded that repetitive fentanyl injections as indicated by
      clinical needs will not lead to relevant accumulation in serum, and that
      analgesic therapy should be individualized both intra- and postoperatively.

PMID- 3369271
TI  - The influence of high thoracic epidural analgesia on the cardiovascular system.
AB  - The effect of high thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on the cardiovascular system
      was investigated in 10 patients (5 with cardiovascular disease and 5 without
      known cardiovascular disorder), who were scheduled for a thoracotomy. An epidural
      catheter was inserted at T1-T2 level. Plain bupivacaine (Marcaine) 0.5%, 4 to 6
      ml was used and resulted in a mean analgesic level from C7 to T5. TEA did not
      significantly affect the following parameters: heart rate, mean arterial
      pressure, cardiac index, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure, stroke volume index, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular
      resistance, right and left ventricular stroke work index. From this study it is
      concluded that high TEA with bupivacaine has only minor effects on the
      cardiovascular system.

PMID- 3369272
TI  - Parathyroidectomy and postoperative hypocalcemia: a retrospective study.
AB  - The data of 24 patients, operated for different types of hyperparathyroidism were
      reviewed in order to evaluate the evolution of calcium levels during the first
      week following surgery. A correlation with the preoperative values of alkaline
      phosphatase could be demonstrated. It may be concluded that in the primary
      affected patients a stay in the ICU, only for hypocalcemia-related problems, is
      not required. In secondary hyperparathyroidism however, the more spectacular
      drops of calcium levels and the risk of other vital complications, justify a
      follow-up in the ICU for at least 48 hours.

PMID- 3369273
TI  - Regional anesthesia technics.

PMID- 3369274
TI  - Differentiation of adreno-chromaffin cells in the newborn rat, as detected by
      formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, compared with the chromaffin reaction.
AB  - The newborn of 4 pregnant female rats were collected within 24 h of birth. Twelve
      neonates were used for the study of chromaffin reaction, by both the direct and
      the indirect methods. The medullary cells could be demonstrated at this stage;
      however, the demarcation between noradrenaline and adrenaline cells was not quite
      sharp. Application of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence to the newborn rat
      adrenal gland was highly significant. A clear distinction could be demonstrated
      between noradrenaline and adrenaline cells, the former giving off strong, white
      green fluorescence and the latter being weakly green-fluorescent. A third type
      giving off moderate green fluorescence was interposed between the cells and
      possibly represented an equivocal cell type at this stage. Sympathetic nerves
      could be demonstrated in relation to blood vessels and medullary cells.

PMID- 3369276
TI  - [The 'loge de Guyon'. A contribution to the clinical anatomy of the human hand].
AB  - In 40 hands of adults the 'loge de Guyon', a narrow bounded area within the
      proximal hypothenar region, has been dissected to realize an exact determination
      of the important characteristics of size. Beside measurements of the wall
      structures in the region of the pisiform bone, the hook of hamate and the
      entrances of the loge, variations of muscles and the position of the ulnar artery
      and nerve with their terminal branches have also been examined. The deep palmar
      branch of the ulnar artery crosses the rami of the ulnar nerve on the palmar side
      in 65% of cases. The branch of the artery crosses on the dorsal side in 30% and
      in 5% the ramus profundus of the ulnar artery runs between both terminal branches
      of the ulnar nerve. The clinical significance of the loge is emphasized, whereas
      the irregular nomenclature in the national and international literature is
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 3369275
TI  - Masticatory muscles in the muscular dystrophic mouse. Aspects of the age-related
      progression of the disease.
AB  - Cross-sections of normal and dystrophic digastric and masseter muscles from 7-
      and 35- to 40-week-old mice were studied in the light microscope. Comparisons of
      mean cell size, cell size variance and number of centrally positioned nuclei in a
      given number of fibers were carried out. The masseter muscle seems at both ages
      to be far more affected by the disease than the digastric muscle. However, the
      progression of the disease from 7 to 40 weeks is more pronounced in the digastric
      muscle than in the masseter muscle.

PMID- 3369277
TI  - Rat embryogenesis following exposure to alcohol and nicotine.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated from day 9 through 12 of gestation with
      either ethanol (12.5% v/v in physiological saline, 0.015 ml/g, i.p.) and nicotine
      (16.7 mg/kg, s.c.), alone or in combination. Corresponding groups of animals
      received physiological saline in a similar manner and these served as controls.
      Embryos were recovered on gestational day 12 and were quantitatively assessed on
      the basis of 16 recognizable developmental endpoints (morphological scores). The
      head and the crown-rump lengths of the embryos were also measured. Embryos
      exposed to nicotine and to ethanol-nicotine were significantly affected in their
      development whereas those exposed to ethanol alone were spared.

PMID- 3369278
TI  - A quantitative approach to spatial variation of human cerebral sulci.
AB  - The surfaces and the sulci of the lateral hemispheres of 30 postmortem brain
      specimens were three-dimensionally measured. The coordinates of all the
      structures registered constitute a digital brain model. The models were scaled
      linearly until they fitted a defined cuboid. Then all the models within the
      reference volume, each represented by a set of points, were considered together.
      The reference volume was divided into small cubic volume elements (voxels). Two
      parameters of the voxels were studied: the point density of each structure per
      voxel and the contribution index which designates how many of the hemispheres
      contribute points to a certain voxel. The latter parameter may serve as an index
      for the presence probability of a sulcus, which means the probability with which
      a sulcus will be contained in a defined volume element. The presence probability
      of a sulcus corresponds well with its first appearance in embryological
      development. Spatial variation in the early developing principal sulci is far
      less than in those which develop in later stages. As regards some defined regions
      of the brain, statements about the probable location of cortical areas in
      relation to the commissural system can be made.

PMID- 3369279
TI  - Simple and complex synapses shown by freeze-etching of rat cortical synaptosomes.
AB  - The shape of the synaptic sites (specialized contact areas) was examined on the
      synaptic membrane fracture faces of freeze-etched rat cortical synaptosomes.
      Simple and complex synapses were differentiated on the basis of the absence or
      presence of unspecialized areas in the synaptic sites. The particle-free nature
      of these areas is discussed.

PMID- 3369281
TI  - [The function of the coracoacromial ligament].
AB  - The function of the coracoacromial ligament was investigated in 8 dissecting-room
      scapulae. Strain gauges were attached around the coracoid process and the
      acromion, and tension (50 or 100 N) applied through the remaining muscle stumps.
      The results showed that, after division of the ligament, significantly more
      distortion could be measured in the acromion than in the coracoid process, which
      suggests that the 'stay' effect of the coracoacromial ligament is stronger for
      the former. Since the degree of distortion is largely dependent on the direction
      of pull, the ligament is interpreted as a dynamic brace between the two processes
      of the scapula.

PMID- 3369282
TI  - Morphological variations of human ossicula tympani.
AB  - In a series of 100 cases, morphological variations of human ossicula tympani were
      studied. These have seldom been considered either in classic or recent
      descriptions. Among them, the malleus and stapes are the most variable ones. A
      geometric model is proposed to systematically study any variation from the
      typical ossicles. These morphological variations of ossicles could be related to
      age, sex, race, and could bring out peculiarities in acoustic transmission.

PMID- 3369280
TI  - Effect of altered masticatory function on [3H]-thymidine and [35S]-sulfate
      incorporation in the condylar cartilage of the rat.
AB  - The response of the condylar cartilage to alterations in compressive joint
      reaction forces in vivo has been little studied. In an attempt to reduce or
      eliminate the occlusal forces resulting from mastication or incision, male
      weanling rats were fed a soft diet requiring little chewing and/or had their
      incisors clipped every other day. Incorporation (dpm/micrograms DNA) of [3H]
      thymidine and [35S]-sulfate was significantly decreased relative to controls in
      the incisor-clipped group, but not in the soft-diet group. Animals having both
      treatments also exhibited significantly lower incorporation values than controls,
      suggesting the importance of incision for loading at the mandibular joint. These
      data corroborate in vitro studies which suggest that compressive forces can
      affect mitotic activity and synthesis of proteoglycans in the condylar cartilage.
      However, additional factors, both hormonal and biomechanical in nature, may be
      important in the in vivo environment.

PMID- 3369283
TI  - Quantitative aspects of growth hormone cell maturation in the normal and little
      mutant mouse.
AB  - Growth hormone (GH) cells were analyzed by means of ultrastructural morphometry
      in the pars distalis of pituitary glands from male adult and immature normal
      (C57BL) and homozygous little (lit/lit) mutant mice. Thin sections were exposed
      to anti-GH serum and processed immunocytochemically with the colloidal-gold
      technique. In the pars distalis of adult lit/lit mice, the mean volume density of
      GH cells/total tissue was 24% of the normal value, granules/GH cells was 58% of
      normal, and granules/total tissue was only 12% of normal. Deficits in all of
      these parameters likewise occurred in immature glands, though to a lesser extent
      than in the adults. The results indicate that the GH deficiency in this mutant
      reflects quantitative deficits in both the secretory granule content of GH cells,
      as well as the GH cell content of the gland, with the latter being the more
      severely affected.

PMID- 3369284
TI  - Cellular proliferation in the lymphoid tissues of an inbred (RT1a) rat strain
      during the oestrous cycle.
AB  - Changes in body weight, uterine weight and tissue weight, cell content and
      cellular proliferation of the thymus and uterine regional and popliteal lymph
      nodes were examined at daily intervals during the oestrous cycle of the DA (RT1a)
      inbred rat strain. Thirty-nine sexually mature virgin animals, aged between 13
      and 15 weeks were used in this investigation. During dioestrus body weight and
      uterine weight fell significantly, while intrathymic and intranodal cellular
      proliferation increased significantly. These findings are discussed in relation
      to ovarian hormone secretion and it is suggested that increased thymocyte and
      lymphocyte proliferation occurs in response to rising oestrogen levels. This
      proliferative response prepares the female for the immunological challenge with
      allogeneic spermatozoa should mating occur during the subsequent oestrous phase.

PMID- 3369285
TI  - Myofibroblasts in human palatal mucosa.
AB  - Myofibroblasts in human osseous palatal mucosa are described. They appear as
      fusiform or ramified cells, rich in homogeneous 60- to 70-Angstrom-thick
      microfilaments, rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and abundant pinocytotic
      vesicles in relation with the plasma membrane. On the surface of these cells
      there are small areas covered by basal lamina. Contacts between myofibroblast
      processes and other tissue elements are described. Small clusters of oxytalan
      fibers appear in the vicinity of these cells.

PMID- 3369286
TI  - Natural protoberberine alkaloids from Enantia chlorantha, palmatine, columbamine
      and jatrorrhizine for thioacetamide-traumatized rat liver.
AB  - Experimental liver injury was provoked experimentally in rats with
      intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide. Traumatized rats received further
      intraperitoneal injections of Hepasor, a protoberberine alkaloid extract from
      Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae) containing palmatine, columbamine and
      jatrorrhizine. The development of body weight was kept under continuous control.
      Biochemical assays of blood plasma, serum alanine transferase (S-ALT), serum
      alkaline phosphatase (S-AP), serum creatinine S-CREAT, serum hydroxyproline (S-OH
      PROL) and serum calcium (S-Ca) were done and liver samples for histological
      processing were taken. The biochemical results obtained indicate Hepasor exerted
      a marked influence on the S-ALT activities and S-OH-PROL values in female rats,
      but more incidental one in male rats. Some reduction in S-AP activity and S-CREAT
      values, which was also dependent on sex, was also found. The histological
      findings in the liver sections of female rats show that Hepasor improves the
      blood flow and mitotic activity in thioacetamide-traumatized livers.

PMID- 3369287
TI  - Effects of nicotine on the fertility, cytology and life span of male rats.
AB  - Contrary to an earlier opinion that nicotine has no effect on the fertility of
      male animals or humans, the present experimental study using male inbred Fisher
      rats demonstrates that the reproductive capacity of the animals is greatly
      reduced when injected with nicotine, and that the effect is much greater in male
      than in female Fisher rats similarly injected with nicotine. This is in accord
      with some earlier histological and morphological studies which have shown that
      female rodents have a greater tolerance to nicotine than their male counterparts.
      It is also confirmed by the cytologic observations of the present study. These
      observations show that, similar to female rats, inflammatory processes, as
      evidenced by an increased number of lymphocytes and/or polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes, are responsible for the decrease in fertility. However, the
      cytological profile is profoundly different in the two sexes: virulent
      inflammatory conditions begin much earlier in male rats, they are more frequent
      and, whereas the condition is reversible in the female animal when nicotine
      treatment is discontinued, it is not in some male rats, and inflammatory
      conditions persist for the entire life as does infertility. However, the life
      span of nicotine-treated male rats is greater than in female nicotine-treated
      rats, although it is shorter in both sexes than in their respective controls; in
      some male nicotine-treated rats, the life span is greater not only than in their
      male controls but even than in their female counterparts. Possible explanations
      for this apparently paradoxical life-prolonging effect of nicotine treatment are
      reviewed, but the evidence is either conflicting or insufficiently established
      and requires further study.

PMID- 3369288
TI  - The blood supply of the stomach.
AB  - 156 abdominal preparations were explored by arteriography, corrosion and
      dissection. The stomach is vascularized by four well-anastomosed main arteries:
      the arteria gastrica dextra and sinistra and the arteria gastroepiploica dextra
      and sinistra. Other important vessels include: the arteria gastroduodenalis, the
      arteriae gastricae breves for the upper half of the greater curvature, a
      posterior gastric artery (36%), an accessory left gastric artery (12%) and an
      arteria supraduodenalis. The main vessels give rise to some very specific
      collaterals, e.g. the omental arteries that may form an omental arcade (44%),
      supra- and infra-pyloric branches, retroduodenal branches, rami cardiaci,
      esophagei and tuberales and an accessory left hepatic artery. The gastroduodenal
      artery always arises at a fixed point.

PMID- 3369289
TI  - Vascularization of the myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap. Injection study on the
      thoracodorsal artery.
AB  - This study reports on investigations of the thoracodorsal artery by injection
      studies. This artery has a long proximal extramuscular course before it enters
      the muscle. A consistent neurovascular hilum was found at a considerably constant
      location on the inferior muscle surface, 2-3 cm medial to its lateral edge and
      about 5 cm distal to the inferior scapular border. A constant branching pattern
      of the thoracodorsal artery into a lateral and a medial vessel stem was found. A
      high number of muscle-perforating arteries from a dense network in the cutaneous
      and subcutaneous layer. The thoracodorsal artery supplies the whole cutaneous
      area adjacent to the latissimus dorsi muscle plus a streak of about 2 cm at the
      medial and distal muscle borders. The presented anatomical landmarks are useful
      for locating the neurovascular hilum, and the intramuscular course of the
      thoracodorsal artery for exploration of the vessel by Doppler sonography or
      dissection. The length of the pedicle and the relatively big vessel gauge are
      good anatomical markers for the free transfer of a latissimus dorsi flap.

PMID- 3369290
TI  - Mortality, morbidity, growth and development of babies weighing 501-1,000 grams
      and 1,001-1,500 grams at birth.
AB  - During the five-year period, January 1980 to December 1984, 149 babies of
      extremely low birthweight (ELBW; 501-1,000 g) and 296 of very low birthweight
      (VLBW; 1,001-1,500 g) were admitted to King's College Hospital, Neonatal
      Intensive Care Unit. The survival rates were 51.7% and 82.8% respectively. There
      were more peri- and postnatal problems in the ELBW babies than the VLBW babies
      and these differences were highly significant. All surviving babies born between
      January 1980 and December 1982 were followed up until aged two. The ELBW children
      had a higher incidence of neuro-developmental sequelae than those of VLBW
      especially when both major and minor problems were considered. Their
      developmental quotients were lower at one and two years. Significantly more ELBW
      children were of short stature and low weight (less than 3rd centile). By two
      years of age the differences between ELBW and VLBW children in stature and mean
      DQ had lessened.

PMID- 3369291
TI  - A prospective study on non-IgE-mediated asthma in children.
AB  - From 1977 to 1980, seventy-two children were found to have intrinsic (non-IgE
      mediated) asthma. Except for five patients, 4 boys and one girl, who apparently
      grew out of their asthma, the remaining 67 patients were followed for six years.
      During the study period, 12 patients, 10 boys and 2 girls, developed extrinsic
      (IgE-mediated) asthma. Nine of them (75%) had a positive family history of atopic
      disease, which was only the case in 12 (22%) of the patients who did not develop
      extrinsic disease. Hence, a change from intrinsic into extrinsic asthma is
      apparently common in boys, but seems to be rare in girls. In addition, in girls
      with intrinsic asthma, fixed or declining lung function tests followed by signs
      of pulmonary hyperinflation and lung fibrosis is common. Further, in the present
      series of children with intrinsic asthma, 5 patients, 4 girls and 1 boy,
      developed severe bronchiectasis. The majority of patients, who on repeated chest
      X-rays showed persistent hyperinflation of the lungs associated with fixed
      FEV1/FVC levels and a marked increase of serum IgG-concentrations were those at
      risk to develop severe lung disease.

PMID- 3369292
TI  - Epidemiology of Schonlein-Henoch purpura.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine if Schonlein-Henoch purpura represents
      an abnormal host response to microorganisms. Among 1,222 cases, representing all
      new Danish cases in children during the years 1977-84, there was no tendency for
      the cases to cluster; this means that the disease is not caused by a single,
      contagious agent. In a smaller sample of 281 children examined in detail, a
      higher number than expected attended day nursery or nursery school and 17% had
      received antibiotic treatment during the week prior to admission. The latter
      findings, together with the seasonal variation of the incidence and the
      activation of the immune apparatus in many cases, suggest that Schonlein-Henoch
      purpura may be triggered by infection with several different microorganisms, but
      there is no evidence that a single one such as the streptococcus is the major
      offender.

PMID- 3369293
TI  - Enuresis in seven-year-old children.
AB  - A random sample of 3,206 seven-year-old children was studied in order to examine
      the prevalence of enuresis and associated somatic and genetic risk factors. The
      overall prevalence of enuresis was 9.8% and the figures for nightwetting,
      daywetting and mixed day and night wetting 6.4%, 1.8% and 1.6% respectively. The
      prevalence was 9.5% among primary school children, 24.8% among children whose
      entry to school had been postponed and 26.6% among handicapped and mentally
      retarded children. If the father had been enuretic after 4 years of age the risk
      of the child being enuretic was 7.1 times greater than otherwise (95% confidence
      limits of the risk ratio 5.1-9.8, p less than 0.001), the corresponding risk
      ratio when the mother had been enuretic being 5.2 (3.9-7.0, p less than 0.001).
      Low birth-weight children were enuretic more often than children of normal birth
      weight. It seems that there are at least two aetiologically significant groups of
      enuretic children: cases with neurological damage and mixed day and night wetting
      and cases with delayed maturation, with nightwetting which shows a clear sex and
      genetic dependency.

PMID- 3369295
TI  - Kidney biopsies.

PMID- 3369294
TI  - Somatic manifestations in children suspected of having been maltreated.
AB  - The present study revealed an incidence of maltreatment of 26.8 in 100,000
      children under 15 years of age, higher than previously assumed. The sample
      comprises 41 children suspected of having been maltreated. A systematic
      examination included radiography and isotope scintigraphy of the skeletal system.
      In 9 cases the diagnosis was not confirmed, in 23 confirmed, and in 9 children it
      seemed likely. The most common form of maltreatment was physical violence with
      bruises. A total of 6 fractures were demonstrated. Three children had been
      exposed to sexual abuse. Intracranial haematoma, of long standing, was found in
      one child. Thirteen of the children (40%) were of short statute, their height and
      weight below the 25th percentile. Among 27 children examined by X-rays 16 (59%)
      had delayed skeletal maturation. Disturbances of growth, as well as behavioural
      abnormalities, were particularly striking in this group of patients. The findings
      suggest that even the slightest suspicion of maltreatment should lead to a
      general medical evaluation without delay.

PMID- 3369296
TI  - Is type of feeding related to fifth day fits of the newborns? Unexpected outcome
      of a case-control study.

PMID- 3369297
TI  - Glycinuria following administration of glycine-supplemented oral rehydration
      solution in rotavirus diarrhoea.

PMID- 3369298
TI  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in congenital craniotabes.

PMID- 3369299
TI  - Immune function in growth hormone-deficient children treated with biosynthetic
      growth hormone.

PMID- 3369300
TI  - Oral sotalol in neonatal supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3369301
TI  - Metabolic differences between AGA- and SGA-infants of very low birthweight. I.
      Relationship to intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Metabolic response to human milk feeding was studied in 12 appropriate (AGA) and
      12 small for gestational age (SGA) infants of very low birthweight (VLBW) on the
      eighth day of life. Protein intake ranged from 1.98 to 2.47 g/kg/day and caloric
      intake from 94 to 126 kcal/kg/day with no significant differences between the
      groups. Alpha-amino-nitrogen, the total bile acid concentration in serum and
      total- as well as alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion in the urine were estimated. The
      alpha-amino-nitrogen and the total bile acid concentration in serum increased
      with increasing degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Also renal total- and
      alpha-amino-nitrogen excretion increased significantly in relation to the degree
      of intrauterine growth retardation. Thus, despite a relatively low protein intake
      in severely growth retarded VLBW-infants, metabolic changes could be found
      similar to those observed in AGA-infants on high protein intakes. The data
      suggest that during the first weeks of postnatal life VLBW-infants with
      intrauterine growth retardation have a decreased capacity to utilize or to
      metabolize protein when compared to AGA-infants with comparable birthweights.
      These metabolic differences have to be considered in the nutritional management
      of VLBW-infants.

PMID- 3369302
TI  - IgG4 in human colostrum and human milk: continued local production or selective
      transport from serum.
AB  - Colostrum, mature milk, and paired plasma samples were obtained from 10
      postpartum women who had not been previously studied. The geometric mean
      concentration of IgG4 in colostrum (3.3 micrograms/ml) was similar to the mean
      concentration in mature milk (3.0 micrograms/ml). The arithmetic mean for the
      percent of IgG = IgG4 was 10.3 +/- 3.3% for colostrum, 10.3 +/- 3.1% for mature
      milk, 2.6 +/- 0.3% for early plasma, and 1.7 +/- 0.3% for later plasma. Local
      mammary production of immunoglobulin was determined by subtracting the estimated
      serum contribution from the measured concentration in colostrum or milk. Evidence
      for local mammary production of IgG4 was found in 5 of 10 colostrum samples and 8
      of 10 mature milk samples. These observations indicate that the previously
      observed selective enrichment of IgG4 in colostrum is also true for mature milk.
      These are the first studies suggesting continued local production of any
      immunoglobulin other than IgA in mature human breast milk.

PMID- 3369303
TI  - Salt and water homeostasis during oral rehydration therapy in neonates and young
      infants with acute diarrhoea. II. Rehydration with a solution containing 90 mmol
      sodium per litre (ORS90).
AB  - The clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis were studied
      during oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with a solution containing 90 mmol sodium
      per 1 (ORS90) in 9 infants less than 2 months old (range 2-60 days). Two infants
      were still dehydrated 36 hours after starting ORT and were excluded from the
      study. Fluid was retained more rapidly and also to a larger extent than in
      infants of the same age treated with a solution with a sodium concentration of 60
      mmol/l (ORS60). The stool sodium output was higher than that found previously in
      infants of the same age treated with ORS60. We conclude that during ORT the gut
      plays an active role in the regulation of salt homeostasis. When the sodium
      intake is high the percentage of sodium remaining unabsorbed is higher than when
      the intake is low. This mechanism reduces the risk of hypernatremia in young
      infants treated with ORS90. The study thus demonstrates that ORS90 is effective
      and also seems to be safe in the treatment of neonates and young infants with
      dehydration secondary to diarrhoea if fluid intake is kept around 200 ml/kg/day
      during the rehydration period.

PMID- 3369304
TI  - Protein and energy intake during weaning. III. Effects on plasma amino acids.
AB  - Preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations were measured at 5 and 6 months of
      age in 30 healthy term infants who were either breast-fed ad libitum or fed one
      of two different formulas (1.9 g of protein per 100 ml with a whey:casein ratio
      of 50:50; 2.9 g of protein per 100 ml with a whey:casein ratio of 20:80) ad
      libitum, plus the same supplementary food regimen. The mean plasma concentrations
      of total amino acids and especially total essential amino acids were higher in
      the formula-fed infants. Those fed formula also had plasma concentrations of
      methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, leucine, valine, threonine, aspartate,
      proline, lysine, tyrosine, histidine that exceeded plasma concentrations of
      breast-fed infants by 2 or more standard deviations. Concentrations of arginine,
      glutamic acid, glutamine, ornithine, serine, cystine did not differ and taurine
      was higher in the breast-fed infants. The data indicate that formulas in common
      use today during weaning (4-6 months) provide excessive protein intakes when
      compared to the breast-fed control infants. A lowering of protein concentration
      and a further manipulation of the whey:casein ratio is necessary if plasma amino
      acid patterns similar to those found in breast-fed infants is to be achieved with
      artificial feeding.

PMID- 3369305
TI  - Detection of cow's milk protein intolerance by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - Circulating IgG antibodies to cow's milk proteins have been quantified in 182
      children using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody levels in
      children with cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) were compared with those in
      control groups comprising other diarrhoeal diseases, atopic children, and a
      "normal" sample including children with toddler diarrhoea. Mean IgG antibody
      levels in children with CMPI were significantly higher than in any of the control
      groups. There were clear differences in peak antibody levels between CMPI and all
      other groups for each of the protein fractions tested. There was some overlap in
      titres between CMPI and other enteropathies but the assay gave 88% sensitivity
      and specificity for the diagnosis of CMPI overall and was 100% specific against
      the combination of non-enteropathic controls in this study. These findings
      indicate that the assay could be applied as an outpatient screening test for CMPI
      and would be particularly useful in differentiating "toddler" diarrhoea from
      CMPI.

PMID- 3369306
TI  - A new method of expired gas collection for the measurement of breath hydrogen
      (H2) in infants and small children.
AB  - The measurement of hydrogen (H2) in breath is becoming increasingly useful as a
      diagnostic and research tool, but there is still no satisfactory method of
      sampling expired air in infants and small children. We tested a modified open
      flow hood method where the child's head is put in a perspex box and expired air
      is collected by sucking air from the box by means of an air pump. Comparison of
      this method with end-expiratory sampling by a modified Haldane-Priestly and
      nasopharyngeal catheter gave a correlation coefficient of 0.83 and 0.65,
      respectively. We conclude that expired air sampling in children with this method
      is a more satisfactory and as reliable a method as any available at present, and
      has the added advantage of being quantitative.

PMID- 3369307
TI  - Fasting plasma amino acid concentrations in PKU children on two different levels
      of protein intake.
AB  - Two groups of children with phenylketonuria were treated with different amounts
      of protein. One group (RDA group) received protein as recommended by the U.S.
      Food and Nutrition Board, the other (FAO group) the amount recommended by the
      FAO/WHO 1973 ad hoc Expert Committee. Two of the children in the FAO group showed
      a decrease in length/growth velocity which raised the question of the adequacy of
      the protein content in the diet. Since deviations from normal plasma amino acids
      have been observed in protein deficient, energy-adequate diets, we examined these
      parameters in the PKU children. In the two children with retardation in
      length/growth, very high glycine values as well as very high alanine values were
      observed at the end of the study. These observations strengthened our suspicion
      that the FAO/WHO 1973 recommendations are marginal.

PMID- 3369308
TI  - Lidocaine for treatment of severe seizures in newborn infants. I. Clinical
      effects and cerebral electrical activity monitoring.
AB  - The anticonvulsive effect of lidocaine was evaluated in 46 newborn infants with
      severe, recurrent seizures. Before the lidocaine all infants were being given
      phenobarbital, and 22 infants were also treated with diazepam. Different dosages
      of lidocaine were tested. A loading dose of 2 mg/kg followed by i.v. infusion of
      6 mg/kg/hour was the most effective dosage and had an immediate anticonvulsive
      effect in 18 of 25 infants; within 30 min the same effect was attained in another
      five of the infants, with an overall seizure control in 92% of the sample
      population. During the lidocaine treatment cerebral electrical activity was
      followed continuously with a cerebral function monitor (CFM), which also enabled
      evaluation of the treatment. No serious side effects on blood-pressure, heart
      rate or cerebral electrical activity were registered. For newborn infants with
      severe recurrent seizures not responding to other drugs, lidocaine is an
      effective additional mode of treatment.

PMID- 3369309
TI  - Zinc and vitamin A in liver of foetuses and infants.
AB  - The association of zinc and vitamin A levels was studied in liver of foetuses and
      infants which were stillborn or died of various causes between the age of 26
      weeks of gestation up to 16 weeks post-partum. No correlation between zinc and
      vitamin A was observed (r = 0.07). Although smaller infants had more hepatic
      vitamin A than larger infants no significant difference was observed between
      these groups for liver zinc values.

PMID- 3369310
TI  - Eye movements and stages of processing.

PMID- 3369312
TI  - Ways and wilderness in heart muscle disease.

PMID- 3369311
TI  - Modules in vision: a case study of interdisciplinarity in cognitive science.

PMID- 3369313
TI  - Epidemiology and long-term survival in acromegaly. A study of 166 cases diagnosed
      between 1955 and 1984.
AB  - In 1985, a follow-up investigation was performed of all patients with acromegaly
      (n = 166, 89 women and 77 men) seen over a 30-year period (1955-1984) at our
      Endocrine Unit, referral centre for the western region of Sweden (population 1.5
      million). At the end of 1984, the prevalence of the disease was 6.9 per 10(5)
      inhabitants, the average incidence per year was 3.3 per million people. Mean age
      at diagnosis was 46.3 years and at death (n = 62) 64.1 years. About one-third of
      the patients (50/153), in whom it had been possible to estimate the total
      duration of the disease, had survived for more than 25 years. Mortality was,
      however, increased compared to the normal population. The observed number of
      deaths from vascular and malignant disorders was 32 and 15, respectively,
      compared to the expected numbers 9.0 (p less than 0.001) and 5.6 (p less than
      0.01).

PMID- 3369314
TI  - A hyperkinetic heart in uncomplicated active acromegaly. Explanation of
      hypertension in acromegalic patients?
AB  - Cardiac function was studied by echocardiography in 12 patients with active
      acromegaly and in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. None of the
      patients had cardiovascular diseases or other endocrine diseases than acromegaly.
      The patients had a mean age of 39 +/- 5 years and were short-term acromegalic
      with a mean duration of disease of 6 +/- 3 years. Mean left ventricular mass was
      163 +/- 43 g/m2 in the acromegalic group versus 120 +/- 24 g/m2 in the control
      group. Preload (the diastolic diameter of the left ventricle) was within normal
      limits, while afterload (end-systolic meridional wall stress) was significantly
      decreased in the acromegalic group. Myocardial contractility assessed as
      fractional shortening of the left ventricle was 39.9 +/- 3.6% in the acromegalic
      group versus 32.9 +/- 5.1% in the control group, and cardiac output was increased
      by 52% in the acromegalic group because of increased heart rate and stroke
      volume. We suggest that augmented peripheral blood flow is responsible for the
      condition of cardiac hyperkinesia in short-term acromegaly and involved in the
      development of hypertension, which is a frequent complication of long-term
      acromegaly.

PMID- 3369315
TI  - Long-term results in 64 patients operated upon for pheochromocytoma.
AB  - During the years 1956-1982, 64 pheochromocytoma patients were operated upon
      without mortality. Twenty-eight patients had sustained hypertension and 29
      paroxysmal hypertension only. In two patients high blood pressure was not related
      to pheochromocytoma and five subjects were normotensive. In two women the
      pheochromocytoma demonstrated malignancy by widespread metastases. Sixteen
      patients also had neuroectodermal manifestations other than pheochromocytoma.
      Preoperatively, heart disease was found in most of the hypertensive patients aged
      50 years or more at operation, but was uncommon in the others. In these subjects,
      heart disease persisted after surgery. Young subjects with sustained hypertension
      were not less affected by preoperative cerebrovascular accidents than older
      subjects. After surgery, hypertension persisted in 12 patients, and was easily
      controlled by drug therapy in eight. Nine patients died 7 months-18 years after
      surgery. In no case was the death directly associated with the pheochromocytoma
      disease. Three died from other neuroectodermal abnormalities. The 55 surviving
      patients have been followed up for a mean of 12 years after surgery. During the
      observation time the survival of the pheochromocytoma patients was similar to
      that of the normal population. At the end of the study, 44 out of the 55
      surviving patients were free from symptoms.

PMID- 3369316
TI  - Hemoglobin A1c self-recording in the management of diabetes mellitus. A pilot
      study.
AB  - HbA1c evaluates glycemic control 3-6 weeks retrospectively. To achieve
      improvements in glycemic control we have tested a patient-administered HbA1c
      control program in 12 (11 type I) diabetic patients. In the program, HbA1c was
      estimated once a month for 12 months and the results were mailed to the patient
      who recorded them in a specially designed HbA1c chart. The results in the
      probands were compared with 24 matched (22 type I) diabetic patients. The results
      showed that HbA1c fell significantly (p less than 0.01) during the year in the
      probands, from 8.84 +/- 1.12% to 7.48 +/- 0.95%, and was unchanged in the
      controls (8.41 +/- 1.78% and 8.17 +/- 1.74%, respectively). Accordingly, HbA1c
      self-recording improves glycemic control in diabetic patients.

PMID- 3369317
TI  - Skeletal muscle adaptations to physical training in type II (non-insulin
      dependent) diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Seven middle-aged men with manifest type II diabetes mellitus underwent an
      endurance training programme for 10-15 weeks. The maximal aerobic capacity, as
      well as the endurance capacity, was improved by 10% (p less than 0.05). The
      intramuscular glycogen store increased by more than 80% (p less than 0.05) from
      350 mumol/g dw (dry weight), and the activities of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy
      acyl-CoA dehydrogenase increased by more than 50% (p less than 0.05) and 30% (p
      less than 0.05). The activity of glycogen synthase was decreased by approximately
      20% (p less than 0.05), whereas lactate dehydrogenase remained unchanged.
      Capillaries/fibre and fibre area increased by more than 50% (p less than 0.05)
      and 30% (p less than 0.05) leaving the area of supply constant. Training did not
      influence fasting blood lipids and glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, oral glucose
      tolerance, and insulin response to an oral glucose load measured 72 hours post
      exercise. It is concluded that patients with manifest type II diabetes, as
      normoglycaemic individuals, adapt to physical training. However, no persistent
      effect on glucohomeostasis and lipaemia is produced by short-term training in the
      diabetic patients.

PMID- 3369318
TI  - Turner's syndrome associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. A case
      report and review of the literature.
AB  - A 26-year-old woman with Turner's syndrome (45,X/46,X,i(Xq] and Crohn's disease
      is reported. The inflammatory bowel disease was aggressive with development of
      intestinal fistulas. Total proctocolectomy was performed, and the patient
      recovered remarkably well post-operatively. The association of Turner's syndrome
      and inflammatory bowel disease is reviewed, with special reference to karyotype,
      severity, mortality and treatment.

PMID- 3369319
TI  - Sudden death caused by heart block in a patient with multiple myeloma and cardiac
      amyloidosis.
AB  - A patient with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis was admitted to hospital
      following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation at home. No disturbances in
      heart rhythm were seen during the first 48 hours of continuous telemetric ECG
      recording. The patient died from ventricular asystole due to complete
      atrioventricular block, while he was on a 24-hour Holter monitoring the fifth
      night in hospital. Patients with known cardiac amyloidosis and syncope should
      undergo long-term ECG recordings, preferably by telemetry. Repeated registrations
      may be necessary to discover disturbances in heart rhythm.

PMID- 3369320
TI  - The reactive effects of follow-up assessment procedures: an experimental study.
AB  - A four group randomized control study designed to investigate the reactive
      effects of follow-up interviews and self-monitoring procedures on the self
      reported drinking patterns of treated alcoholics failed to demonstrate any such
      effects. However, problems were experienced in gaining participation in frequent
      follow-up interviews and with the use of daily self-monitoring procedures.
      Limitations on the conclusions that can be drawn are discussed.

PMID- 3369321
TI  - Cognitive characteristics of bulimic and drug-abusing women.
AB  - This descriptive study contrasted specific coping styles, attitudes, and
      irrational beliefs among three groups of women: bulimics, drug abusers, and a
      normative comparison group. The substance abuse groups were found to be more
      irrational than the comparison group and were moodier and more socially
      alienated. They also were prone to a negative view of the world and a bleak
      outlook toward the future. Bulimic subjects put considerable importance on
      others' approval, tended to denigrate themselves, and were under a lot of self
      imposed pressure and chronic tension; drug abuse subjects were more introversive,
      perfectionistic, and subject to recent stress. By contrast, the normative
      comparison group appeared confident, sociable, and optimistic.

PMID- 3369322
TI  - Factors associated with smoking behavior in adolescent girls.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship between smoking in adolescent girls and
      levels of social skills, parental smoking, peer smoking and academic achievement.
      A Smoking Data Survey was administered to 143 girls aged between 12 and 16 to
      distinguish smokers and nonsmokers and to gain information about parents' smoking
      behavior, peers' smoking behavior, and the subjects' academic achievement. A
      second questionnaire, the Problem Inventory for Adolescent Girls, was also
      administered to determine subjects' levels of social skills. A multiple
      discriminate analysis was performed on the variables of social skills score,
      socioeconomic status, mothers' smoking behavior, fathers' smoking behavior,
      number of peers who smoke and average school grade achieved. Results demonstrated
      significant differences between the two groups, smokers and nonsmokers, p less
      than .0001. A series of univariate F tests showed significant group differences
      between smokers and nonsmokers on the variables of social skills score, mothers'
      smoking behavior, number of peers who smoke, and average school grade achieved.
      Smokers, compared to nonsmokers, had lower social skills scores, a higher
      percentage of them had mothers and friends who smoke, and they achieved lower
      grades overall than nonsmokers.

PMID- 3369323
TI  - The Dieter's Inventory of Eating Temptations: a measure of weight control
      competence.
AB  - This research reports the development and initial investigation of the
      reliability and validity of the Dieter's Inventory of Eating Temptations (DIET),
      a self-report inventory designed to assess behavioral competence in six types of
      situations related to weight control: (a) overeating, (b) negative emotions, (c)
      exercise, (d) resisting temptation, (e) positive social, and (f) food choice. The
      scales were shown to have adequate test-retest reliability and internal
      consistency. A comparison of 193 normal weight and 168 overweight subjects showed
      that overweights rated themselves as less competent in the overeating, negative
      emotions, and exercise situations. As a further validation, DIET scores were
      compared with measures of eating style derived from self-monitoring records. All
      of the DIET scales were significantly associated with specific parameters of
      eating behavior. In order to identify subtypes of overweight and normal weight
      individuals, cluster analyses were performed. Normal weight and overweight
      subjects could be grouped into interpretable clusters based on their profile of
      DIET scores. These data suggest that there is a relationship between eating
      patterns and body weight, and that there may be several types of problem behavior
      patterns. Treatment programs should combined assessment of behavioral competency
      in energy balance situations with intensive skill training in areas where
      situation specific competency deficits are found.

PMID- 3369325
TI  - Validity and usefulness of medical chart weights in the long-term evaluation of
      weight loss programs.
AB  - The high rate of delayed recidivism seen in behavioral weight loss studies makes
      follow-up over a number of years essential. Unfortunately, these data are both
      expensive and difficult to collect. This report examines the validity of body
      weights routinely recorded in medical charts and their usefulness in the long
      term evaluation of weight control programs. Comparison of 123 pairs of chart
      weights and research clinic weights recorded within 30 days of each other showed
      a mean difference of .06 lb (.03 kg) and a standard deviation of 2.38 lb (1.08
      kg). This measurement error is considerably less than that seen in self-reported
      weights of obese adults. The accuracy, economy and relative ease of collection
      make the use of medical chart weights well suited for long-term evaluations of
      weight loss studies and other research purposes.

PMID- 3369324
TI  - Behavioral assessment of narcotic detoxification fear.
AB  - Recent data reveal that only a small number of opioid addicts who attempt to
      detoxify from methadone maintenance programs will be successful. An irrational
      fear of detoxification has been postulated to be one reason for detoxification
      not being more efficacious. The present investigation attempted to assess both
      self-report and psychophysiological responses to detoxification and neutral
      scenes in two groups of persons on methadone maintenance. The two groups (N = 8
      each) were selected by two blind interviewers as either having or not having a
      detoxification fear. After imagery training, subjects were asked to imagine 10
      scenes, alternating between neutral and detoxification scenes with random
      counterbalancing for order, while the psychophysiological dependent measures and
      self-report anxiety and clarity ratings were assessed. Some of the self-report
      and psychophysiological measures were significantly different for scene type,
      indicating a successful manipulation of scene imagery. Further, pulse volume
      measures indicated greater activation in the fear group than in the non-fear
      group to the detoxification scenes. The results are discussed in terms of
      providing evidence for greater activation, presumably due to greater anxiety, for
      the detoxification fear subjects than the non-fear subjects specific to the
      detoxification imagery and in terms of potential treatment implications.

PMID- 3369326
TI  - Social learning predictors of the avoidance of smoking relapse.
AB  - The concepts of health valuing, multidimensional locus of control, and self
      efficacy were conceptualized to represent related but distinct factors which are
      strongly associated with health-promoting behavior. The predictive power of this
      model was tested by following 75 smokers quitting through formal treatment
      programs and 75 smokers who quit by treating themselves for three months.
      Discriminant Function Analysis displayed significant predictive power from the
      model. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of abstinence versus relapse,
      but more accurately for self-treatment than for program treatment groups. Persons
      attributing greater power to health professionals were more likely to relapse.
      Health valuing displayed a diminished return curve. Results suggest that the
      enhancement of self-efficacy may be the most important task of treatment.

PMID- 3369327
TI  - Behavioral self-help materials as an adjunct to nicotine gum.
AB  - The present study assessed the incremental effectiveness of behavioral self-help
      materials specifically written to accompany nicotine gum. Subjects (187 women and
      117 men) were randomly assigned either behavioral self-help booklets or a factual
      information pamphlet. All subjects received prescriptions for Nicorette from
      study physicians. Contrary to prediction, subjects provided self-help booklets
      fared no better than did subjects provided comparison pamphlets. Overall
      abstinence levels were encouraging, however. Nicotine gum users were far more
      likely than nonusers to maintain abstinence through 6-month follow-up. Perhaps
      self-help materials could be improved by condensing and simplifying content and
      by adopting a more attractive multicolored pictorial format.

PMID- 3369328
TI  - Tobacco smoking: a comparison between alcohol and drug abuse inpatients.
AB  - This study compared the tobacco smoking of alcohol and drug abuse patients. The
      subjects were male inpatients (67 alcohol, 60 drug, and 13 mixed alcohol and drug
      abusers) of a Veterans Administration substance abuse program who had completed
      the Tolerance Questionnaire (Fagerstrom, 1978) and the Michigan Alcohol Screening
      Test (Skinner, 1979) as part of routine intake assessment procedures. As
      expected, an extremely high percentage (89.6%) of the alcohol abusers reported
      smoking cigarettes. Interestingly, an equally high prevalence of smoking was
      noted among the drug (90.0%) and mixed substance abuse (100%) groups. Comparisons
      conducted between abuse groups indicated that the alcohol abusers smoked
      significantly more cigarettes per day and had significantly higher Tolerance
      Questionnaire scores than the drug abusers, but did not differ from the mixed
      abuse group on any smoking variable. Additional comparisons of the total
      substance abuse population with a national sample of similarly aged males
      indicated that only the alcohol group smoked more cigarettes per day, but that
      all substance abuse groups smoked higher nicotine delivery cigarettes than the
      national sample.

PMID- 3369329
TI  - Adolescent drug use and intention to use drugs: concurrent and longitudinal
      analyses of four ethnic groups.
AB  - Concurrent and longitudinal analyses of the associations between intention to use
      and actual use of substances were examined for 847 adolescents from four
      different ethnic backgrounds. Five different substances were studied: Cigarettes,
      alcohol, cannabis, nonprescription medications, and hard drugs. Results showed
      that: (a) there were significant and consistent relationships between current
      level of substance use and intention of use for all ethnic groups. However, these
      measures of association varied considerably among ethnic groups and covered a
      wide range from .17 for Blacks on use of nonprescription medications to .69 for
      Hispanics on alcohol consumption; (b) the degree of association between intention
      and use, as well as ethnic differences gradually decreased over time; and (c)
      partialling out the effects of previous experimentation with drugs decreased the
      contribution of intention to predict future drug use to a nonsignificant level
      for Hispanics, to a moderate degree for Black and Asians, and remained a
      significant and meaningful contribution for Whites.

PMID- 3369330
TI  - Placebo injections and surveillance of alcohol intake during inpatient treatment
      of female alcoholics.
AB  - Institutions for treating alcoholics differ widely with respect to how
      restrictively they apply psychopharmacological agents and how rigorously they
      control patients for intake of alcohol. This study investigates the impact of
      such policies on relapse rates. During a three month inpatient treatment, 70
      female alcoholics were assigned to one of four conditions: (a) strict
      surveillance of alcohol intake by means of breath tests and frequent checks of
      patient's rooms as well as injections of a placebo purportedly reducing craving,
      (b) no surveillance but placebo injections, (c) surveillance but no placebo
      injections, and (d) neither surveillance nor placebo injections. The amount of
      surveillance did not influence relapse rates. However, during inpatient treatment
      more relapses occurred among patients who received the placebo injections than
      among those who did not. Although this effect was no longer significant following
      treatment, the increase of relapse rates suggests caution in the application of
      nonspecific medication in the treatment of alcoholics.

PMID- 3369331
TI  - Self-reported and self-monitored smoking patterns.
AB  - Individual differences in smoking patterns are usually assessed with self-report
      measures such as Horn's Reasons for Smoking Test, which have not been
      systematically validated. This paper compares results from several self-report
      scales with self-monitoring data obtained from 164 smoking clinic subjects who
      monitored their smoking for at least two days. Self-monitoring data were factor
      analyzed and correlated with self-report measures. Most of the hypothesized
      relationships failed to appear. The Sedative Smoking (tension-reduction) factor
      of the Reasons for Smoking Test received the strongest support. In general,
      however, the results did not support the validity of commonly-used self-report
      scales of smoking motives and situations.

PMID- 3369332
TI  - Use of single session hypnosis for smoking cessation.
AB  - Twenty of sixty volunteers for smoking cessation were assigned to single-session
      hypnosis, 20 to a placebo control condition, and 20 to a no-treatment control
      condition. The single-session hypnosis group smoked significantly less cigarettes
      and were significantly more abstinent than a placebo control group and a no
      treatment control group at posttest, and 4-week, 12-week, 24-week and 48-week
      follow-ups.

PMID- 3369333
TI  - Reasons for consumption and heavy caffeine use: generalization of a model based
      on alcohol research.
AB  - The extent of alcohol consumption and problems has been found to be related to
      the types of reasons for consuming. At least two types of motives have been
      identified ("personal effects" and "social") with "personal effects" motives
      related to higher consumption and more alcohol problems. The present study tested
      the applicability of this model to caffeine consumption, in particular, coffee
      and tea. Eighteen motives for consuming coffee and tea were used to predict
      coffee/tea consumption, dependence, and problems. Principal component analyses
      identified four types of motives: two social ("sociability" and "beverage") and
      two personal effects ("stimulant" and "relief"). Overall, the "relief" and
      "stimulant" types of motives were the best predictors for all criterion measures
      (consumption, dependence and problems); "beverage" motives strongly predicted
      consumption and dependence; and "sociability" motives were least useful in
      predicting all criterion measures. These results are consistent with research on
      the relationship between extent of alcohol consumption/problems and reasons for
      consuming.

PMID- 3369335
TI  - Personality profiles associated with smokeless tobacco use patterns.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the personality characteristics of male
      dippers and chewers of smokeless tobacco. The study objective was to determine
      any differences in personality characteristics between dippers and chewers of
      smokeless tobacco and nonusers. A survey at a southeastern university provided a
      sample of 289 males, of which 55 (19%) were smokeless tobacco users. Each subject
      was administered a demographic data sheet and Cattell's Sixteen Personality
      Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Smokeless tobacco users were categorized as snuff
      dippers or tobacco chewers, and comparisons of personality characteristics were
      made between persons who exclusively dipped, persons who exclusively chewed,
      persons who dipped and chewed, and persons who did neither. The results of the
      study indicated that smokeless tobacco use is primarily a White male habit; very
      few Blacks or other racial groups consumed smokeless tobacco among this
      population. Significant (p less than 0.05) personality differences between snuff
      dippers and tobacco chewers were noted. Snuff dippers were more socially
      outgoing, enthusiastic, imaginative and group dependent than chewers. Chewers
      were found to be more uncompromising, critical in outlook and practical and less
      easily influenced by others than dippers.

PMID- 3369334
TI  - The effects of physical activity as maintenance for smoking cessation.
AB  - The effects of physical activity as a maintenance strategy for smoking cessation
      were evaluated. After a standard smoking cessation program, forty-two women were
      randomly assigned to one of three groups that received equal number of
      maintenance meetings: a physical activity program, smoking habit change
      information and contact control. Abstinence decreased from 83% at the end of
      treatment to 73% at 3 months, 49% at six months and 34% at 18 months. No
      differences were shown in cessation across groups. Group differences were shown
      for subjective levels of tension-anxiety, those who exercised showed increased
      tension anxiety levels compared to subjects in the no activity groups.

PMID- 3369336
TI  - Pressure sores: effect of Parkinson's disease and cognitive function on
      spontaneous movement in bed.
AB  - It has previously been shown that the incidence of pressure sores is related
      inversely to the amount of movement made during the night. The present study of
      30 in-patients of geriatric units suggests that the measurement of mean lateral
      displacement of the centre of gravity may better characterize those at risk than
      the total amount of movement. The mean displacement was reduced in Parkinson's
      disease and in dementia. The prevalence of pressure sores was markedly increased
      where Parkinson's disease and dementia coexisted.

PMID- 3369337
TI  - Noncardiac side-effects of long-term oral amiodarone in the elderly.
AB  - Amiodarone is a powerful anti-arrhythmic drug. However, its use is somewhat
      limited by side-effects. No study examining side-effects specifically in elderly
      patients exists. We have reviewed noncardiac side-effects in 61 elderly patients
      on long-term oral amiodarone treatment (follow-up 3-66 months). The most
      troublesome side-effect was hypothyroidism (nine patients, 15%). No cases of
      frank hyperthyroidism were seen. Elevation of aspartate transaminase (AST) was
      common (16 patients, 26%), but generally mild and transient. Photosensitivity
      occurred in six patients (10%). Corneal deposits were common but gave rise to
      symptoms in only one patient. Two patients reported tremor. Hypothyroidism
      appeared to be more common and photosensitivity less common than in previously
      reported series in younger adults. Possible reasons for this are discussed. It is
      our policy to continue to prescribe amiodarone to elderly patients, regulate
      monitoring for adverse effects is however mandatory.

PMID- 3369338
TI  - The first year of a geriatric-orthopaedic liaison service: an alternative to
      'orthogeriatric' units?
AB  - The use of orthopaedic beds by large numbers of elderly patients with multiple
      pathology will increase and already exceeds the provision of orthopaedic
      geriatric rehabilitation units. A cross-specialty multidisciplinary ward round
      improved the quality of care of orthopaedic patients without requiring
      expenditure on equipment, facilities or staff, and abolished the need to transfer
      patients to geriatric beds for rehabilitation, this being achieved on the
      orthopaedic unit. The liaison service provided excellent medical training in
      acute and rehabilitative aspects of geriatric medicine, enhanced the role of
      other disciplines in the care of the elderly orthopaedic patient and facilitated
      communication between departments.

PMID- 3369339
TI  - Selection of elderly patients for barium enema examination with respect to
      significant bowel pathology especially carcinoma of the colon and rectum: the
      results of a retrospective study.
AB  - Patients who had barium enemas during a 3-month period were reviewed
      retrospectively. Of 123 consecutive patients over 65 years, 38 patients had one
      or more of the following clinical features: weight loss, mass, obstruction or
      rectal bleeding. Fourteen carcinomas were found in this group. Eighty-five
      patients had none of the above features, but were referred because of anaemia,
      change in bowel habit or abdominal pain. In this group only one colorectal
      carcinoma was found. The following criteria are suggested as a guide to
      significant bowel pathology in the elderly: Major: weight loss; mass;
      obstruction; blood loss overt/occult; iron deficiency anaemia. Minor: pain;
      constipation; diarrhoea; change of bowel habit.

PMID- 3369340
TI  - Intermittent claudication.

PMID- 3369341
TI  - Clinico-pathological correlations in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
      in the elderly.
AB  - A series of 200 consecutive patients with autopsy-proven acute myocardial
      infarction (AMI) was retrospectively studied in order to assess the degree of
      clinico-pathological agreement and to detect the reasons for disagreement. A
      correct clinical diagnosis of AMI was made in 86 cases (Group A = 43%) and was
      missed in 114 cases (Group B = 57%). Atypical presentation and concealed history
      were more common in group B. The AMI qualified to be the main disease in 83
      patients of group A and in 81 of group B and was considered a contributory cause
      of death in three of group A and in 33 of group B (P less than 0.01). The mean
      number of diseases coexisting with the main disease for each patient was
      significantly lower in group A than in group B (P less than 0.01). The mean age
      was 65.2 +/- 12 years for group A patients and 69.1 +/- 12 years for group B
      patients (P less than 0.02). With the patients grouped according to age (group I:
      less than 60 years = 46 cases; group II: greater than or equal to 60 years = 154
      cases), the diagnostic accuracy was 61% in group I and 38% in group II (P less
      than 0.01). Groups I and II did not differ in clinical presentation, ECG and
      enzyme diagnostic accuracy, while the number of diseases coexisting with the AMI
      was significantly higher in group II (P less than 0.001). Ageing, the atypical
      presentation and the coexistence of several diseases seem to account for most of
      the unrecognized AMI.

PMID- 3369342
TI  - Causes of ataxia in patients attending a falls laboratory.
AB  - The relationship of a range of clinical variables to balance was investigated in
      a group of 121 elderly patients giving a history of falls. Information collected
      included a clinical history and physical examination, and an evaluation of
      position sense, vibration sense and vestibular function. Postural changes in
      blood pressure were measured on a tilt-table, and sway was quantified on an
      ataxiameter. There was a statistically significant relationship between leg
      power, visual acuity, posture sense and mental function and sway, and a weaker
      positive association between a variety of other factors and sway. When factors
      showing a positive association with sway were used to construct a 'pathology'
      scene for each patient, it emerged that there was a statistically significant
      correlation between scores and ataxiameter readings. This suggests that, in the
      elderly, ataxia is usually the result of multiple factors.

PMID- 3369343
TI  - Experimental AIDS vaccine tests under way.

PMID- 3369344
TI  - When you have more pharmacists contributing to PAC, your voice will be more
      effective in Washington.

PMID- 3369345
TI  - Public health objectives for the year 2000.

PMID- 3369346
TI  - New drugs of 1987.

PMID- 3369347
TI  - Drug selection concerns more than rhetoric.

PMID- 3369348
TI  - Let the manufacturer explain increases.

PMID- 3369349
TI  - Blood level testing in a community pharmacy: consumer demand and financial
      feasibility.

PMID- 3369350
TI  - A petition to the Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties requesting recognition of
      nutritional support pharmacy practice as a specialty.

PMID- 3369351
TI  - Cancer detection and therapeutics.

PMID- 3369352
TI  - What teenagers read about pharmacists in their health texts.

PMID- 3369353
TI  - Pharmacists' attitudes and knowledge related to their role in osteoporosis
      education.

PMID- 3369354
TI  - Liquid expressions. What they really mean.

PMID- 3369355
TI  - Strategies for providing pharmacy services in managed health care plans.

PMID- 3369356
TI  - Fine structure of the ventral and dorsal lobes of the prostate in the young adult
      Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus.
AB  - The normal ventral and dorsal prostatic lobes of the young adult Syrian hamster
      were examined at the light and electron microscopic levels. Each lobe is composed
      of branched tubular secretory units separated from each other by loose
      interacinar connective tissue and draining into the urethra. The lumen of each
      acinus is lined by a simple epithelium composed of columnar secretory cells with
      occasional small basal cells. The epithelial layer, with the thin underlying
      lamina propria, forms a mucosa that is often highly folded. The whole acinus is
      bounded by a thick muscular stroma. In each of the ventral lobes, there are three
      main ducts, each one formed of tubular branched tributary secretory units. The
      walls of the secretory acini are moderately folded. Microvilli dominate the
      lumenal surface of the secretory epithelial cells. The Golgi complex is very
      extensive and shows dilated cisternae and secretory vesicles and vacuoles of
      various sizes. Membrane-bounded secretory granules populate the Golgi and apical
      areas and are released into the acinar lumen by exocytosis. The rough endoplasmic
      reticulum is dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, except in the region of the
      Golgi apparatus. In each of the dorsal lobes, there are several main tubular
      ducts that open into the urethra. Both proximal (ductal) and distal portions of
      the glandular tree are secretory in nature. Microvilli and cytoplasmic bulges and
      blebs dominate the lumenal surface of the secretory cells. The cells are also
      characterized by highly dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The
      secretory cells show heterogeneity in the degree of dilation and distribution of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, and this heterogeneity may reflect location in the
      glandular tree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369357
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of complex carbohydrates in developing feline
      neutrophils.
AB  - The feline species provides animal models for at least six congenital lysosomal
      disorders. Since knowledge of normal feline neutrophils is a prerequisite for
      studies of their abnormalities, the present report describes the morphology and
      cytochemistry of normal feline neutrophils and compares the subcellular
      distribution of sulfate- and vicinal-glycol-containing complex carbohydrates to
      that of peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Immature feline primary granules, formed
      in promyelocytes, were stained for peroxidase, acid phosphatase, sulfate, and
      vicinal glycols. During maturation, primary granules retained strong staining for
      peroxidase, but staining for vicinal glycols decreased, and acid phosphatase and
      sulfate reactivity was lost. Secondary granules formed in myelocytes lacked
      peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and sulfate staining, but stained intensely for
      vicinal-glycol-containing complex carbohydrates. No analogues of tertiary
      granules previously described in rabbits and humans were demonstrated in feline
      neutrophils. However, a new sequential staining technique for peroxidase and
      vicinal glycols has suggested the formation in myelocytes and late neutrophils of
      a third granule type that contained peroxidase, acid phosphatase, and vicinal
      glycols but lacked sulfate staining. Thus, the staining characteristics of
      primary and secondary granules in cats closely resembled those in humans and
      rabbits. The third (late-forming) type of granule has not previously been
      described in other species.

PMID- 3369358
TI  - Ultrastructure of the pineal body of the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus.
AB  - The type AB pineal body of the common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, was
      recessed and lobulated, was extensively vascularized and intimately related to
      great veins, and was unassociated with the epithalamic region. The habenular and
      the posterior commissures coursed anteriorly and were unassociated with the
      pineal. The saccular suprapineal recess of the third ventricle extended dorsally
      juxtaposed to the pineal body. These anatomical features are likely to make
      pinealectomies in the vampire more difficult to manage. The pineal parenchyma
      consisted of light pinealocytes surrounded by canaliculi of various sizes, often
      transmitting unmyelinated nerve fibers and glial processes. Desmosomes were
      common. The pinealocyte nuclei were large and highly infolded; characteristic
      cytoplasmic constituents included abundant dilated Golgi complexes associated
      with clear vesicles, numerous polyribosomes, few single cisternae of ribosome
      studded rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and occasional multivesicular
      bodies and lysosomes. Almost all pinealocytes exhibited centrioles and some, in
      addition, displayed basal bodies but rarely ciliary shafts. A conspicuous feature
      of the pinealocyte cytoplasm was the presence of branched bundles of intermediate
      filaments, especially in the perinuclear zone. Siderotic macrophages, lipofuscin
      pigment-containing phagocytic cells, mast cells, myelin bodies, and both
      fenestrated and continuous capillaries were present. The perivascular compartment
      was densely packed with unmyelinated nerve bundles containing small to large
      fibers exhibiting axoaxonic densities. Other constituents of the perivascular
      compartment were club-shaped pinealocyte processes filled with clear vesicles,
      microtubules, an occasional mitochondrion, glial processes, and collagen fibers.
      "Synapselike" contacts were observed between the axons and pinealocyte processes.
      Abundant pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium indicated active
      pinocytosis. Myelinated nerve fibers were lacking. The pineal ultrastructure of
      Desmodus is in part unlike that reported for other mammals, including bats.

PMID- 3369359
TI  - Gross and cellular analysis of 6-mercaptopurine-induced cleft palate in hamster.
AB  - The present study analyzes the morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural
      aspects of the pathogenesis of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP)-induced cleft palate in
      hamster fetuses. Gross and light microscopic observations indicated that 6MP
      stunts the growth of vertical palatal shelves and thus induces cleft palate.
      Ultrastructural analysis showed that, in contrast to controls, 6MP-induced
      alterations were first seen in the mesenchymal cells 24 hr after drug
      administration. The initial alterations were characterized by swelling of the
      nuclear membrane. During the next 12 hr, lysosomes were seen first in the
      mesenchymal cells and then in the cells of the medial edge epithelium (MEE) of
      the developing palatal primordia. The appearance of lysosomes was temporally
      abnormal and was interpreted as a sublethal response to 6MP treatment.
      Subsequently, the nuclear alterations and the lysosomes diminished; and 48 hr
      after 6MP administration, they were absent from the palatal tissues. Ninety hours
      after 6MP administration, unlike the controls (in which the palatal shelves were
      already fused), changes were seen at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface in the
      developing cleft palatal shelves. These changes were characterized by breakdown
      of the basal lamina and epithelial-mesenchymal contacts. Eventually, at term, the
      MEE of the vertical shelf stratified. It was suggested that 6MP affected
      cytodifferentiation in the palatal tissues during the critical phase of early
      vertical shelf development and thereby induced cleft palate.

PMID- 3369360
TI  - Nascent muscle fiber appearance in overloaded chicken slow-tonic muscle.
AB  - The application of a weight overload to the humerus of chickens induces a
      hypertrophy of anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle fibers. This growth is
      accompanied by a rapid and almost complete replacement of one slow-tonic myosin
      isoform, SM-1, by another slow-tonic isoform, SM-2. In addition, a population of
      small fibers appears mainly in extrafascicular spaces and, concurrently, three
      additional myosin bands are detected by gel electrophoresis. Five antibodies
      against myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms were selected as immunocytochemical
      probes to determine the cellular location and nature of these myosins. The
      antibodies react with ventricular, fast skeletal muscle and either SM-1 or SM-2,
      or both the slow-tonic MHCs. The antifast and antiventricular antibodies react
      with myosin present in the 10-day embryonic ALD muscle but do not react with
      myosin in posthatch ALD muscle. The small fibers in overloaded muscle contain a
      myosin isoform characteristically expressed during the embryonic stage of ALD
      muscle development and therefore are named nascent myofibers. Some of the nascent
      myofibers do not react with the antibody to both slow-tonic MHCs, indicating the
      lack of the normal adult slow-tonic myosins which are expressed in 10-day
      embryos. In order to explore the origin of the nascent fibers, an electron
      microscopic study was performed. Stereological analysis of the existing fibers
      shows a stimulation of numbers and sizes of satellite cells. In addition, the
      volume occupied by nonmuscle and undifferentiated cells increases dramatically.
      Myotube formation with incipient myofibrils is seen in extrafascicular spaces.
      These data suggest that new muscle fiber formation accompanies hypertrophy in
      overloaded chicken ALD muscle and the process may involve satellite cell
      migration.

PMID- 3369361
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pleomorphic (giant cell) carcinoma of the
      pancreas. Cytologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural findings.
AB  - Four cases of pleomorphic (giant cell) carcinoma (PGC) of the pancreas, diagnosed
      by fine-needle aspiration biopsy, are presented. Ancillary immunocytochemical
      studies were also performed on the smears (four cases) and cell blocks (three
      cases), along with ultrastructural (electron microscopic) examination of the
      aspirated specimen (two cases). Three of the four patients were elderly (age
      range: 44-65 years), and all had large pancreatic masses. A spectrum of
      cytomorphologic features was encountered, including poorly cohesive bizarre
      mononuclear cells, many multinucleated tumor giant cells, and associated
      malignant spindle cells. Prominent cellular cannibalism and cytophagocytosis also
      were seen. Immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated dual staining of the malignant
      cells for cytokeratin and vimentin in two cases and exclusive staining for
      vimentin in the remaining two cases. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated
      epithelial features in both cases studied. One of the cases demonstrated
      intracytoplasmic whorled bundles of intermediate filaments, corresponding to pale
      eosinophilic globular material, appreciated both in the Diff-Quik- and
      Papanicolaou-stained smears and staining with positive results for vimentin. The
      immunocytochemical studies suggest that the coexpression of vimentin and
      cytokeratin within the cells is consistent with a pleomorphic malignancy of
      epithelial origin. It is speculated that the staining of two of the cases
      exclusively for vimentin can be seen in either epithelial malignancies with
      sarcomatoid transformation or, less likely, a pure sarcoma of the pancreas.

PMID- 3369362
TI  - Inflammatory fibroid polyps of gastrointestinal tract. Evolution of histologic
      patterns.
AB  - Fifteen cases of inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) of the gastrointestinal tract
      were subjected to histopathologic analysis. Six of them were from the small
      intestines and the remainder from the stomach. Their size ranged from 0.2 to 12.0
      cm in maximum cross-section. The polyps were classified into four groups, based
      on histology and size. The nodular stage (average: 0.4 cm) showed nodules of
      immature fibroblasts with a loose myxoid background resembling a tactile
      corpuscle of Meissner. The fibrovascular stage (average: 1.5 cm) demonstrated
      concentric aggregations of mature fibroblasts, with endothelial proliferation and
      eosinophilic infiltration. When the polyps became larger (average: 4.8 cm), the
      histologic patterns were modified, evolving into the sclerotic or edematous stage
      by either collagenization or vascular compromise following intestinal
      obstruction. This study suggests that histologic patterns of IFPs may represent
      an evolutional change when size is increased.

PMID- 3369363
TI  - IgA deposition in alcoholic liver disease. An immunoelectron microscopic study.
AB  - The ultrastructural localization of IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 deposited on liver
      tissues from 13 patients with alcoholic liver disease and 9 patients with
      nonalcoholic liver diseases was investigated by the immunoperoxidase method. A
      continuous pattern of IgA deposition along the perisinusoidal area was observed
      not only in the alcoholic patients but also in the nonalcoholic patients.
      Ultrastructurally, IgA deposits were seen on the plasma membranes of Kupffer
      cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes and in the endocytotic vesicles and
      phagosomes of Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. In the alcoholic group,
      deposits of IgA on collagen fibers were observed at sites where pericellular
      fibrosis developed but, on the other hand, IgA deposits were diminished or absent
      on the plasma membranes of hepatocytes. IgA1 showed the same deposit pattern as
      IgA. IgA2 was observed on and in Kupffer cells and endothelial cells but was not
      detected on the plasma membranes of hepatocytes. From these studies, the authors
      conclude that IgA deposition in the liver is not specific for alcoholic liver
      disease but may reflect the reduced metabolism of damaged liver. An additional
      finding was that, of the IgA subclasses, only IgA1 combined with the plasma
      membranes of hepatocytes.

PMID- 3369364
TI  - The heterogeneous distribution of argininosuccinate synthetase in the liver of
      type II citrullinemic patients. Its specificity and possible clinical
      implications.
AB  - The authors analyzed the heterogeneous distribution of hepatic argininosuccinate
      synthetase of type II citrullinemia in reference to its specificity and clinical
      implications. The low content of the enzyme in the liver of type II citrullinemic
      patients is associated with two kinds of the enzyme distribution that can be
      visualized by means of an immunohistochemical method (Saheki and colleagues.
      Biomed Res 1983;4:235-238). Among the 25 cases of type II citrullinemia examined,
      11 exhibited homogeneous distribution of the enzyme, as in the control livers. On
      the other hand, 14 presented the clustered distribution, in which the hepatocytes
      stained positively with antisera to argininosuccinate synthetase formed a cluster
      among the poorly stained cells. No clustered distribution of the enzyme was
      present in the liver of control patients either with or without liver diseases.
      No clustered distribution of arginase and aldolase B was observed even in the
      liver of type II citrillinemic patients. These results suggest that clustered
      distribution is specific to argininosuccinate synthetase in the liver of type II
      citrullinemic patients. From considerations concerning the heterogeneous
      distribution of the enzyme and certain clinical parameters as well, the authors
      suggest that the clustered type in type II citrullinemia has a less favorable
      prognosis with regard to fatality.

PMID- 3369365
TI  - Hematologic values and lymphocyte subsets in fetal blood.
AB  - Hematologic values and lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in normal fetal
      blood during the second trimester of gestation. In these samples the platelet,
      erythrocyte, and leukocyte counts were significantly lower than in adults. Large
      red blood cells with a high hemoglobin content were present. Before the twentieth
      week of gestation, erythroblasts made up about half of the nucleated elements.
      Lymphocytes formed most of the leukocytes, and their absolute numbers were
      comparable to those in adults. Most of the fetal blood lymphocytes expressed T-
      or B-cell surface differentiation antigens. The percentage of T-cells was lower
      and that of B-cells was higher than in the adult. A high OKT4/OKT8 ratio was
      present. It was due to a low percentage of OKT8-positive cells. Lymphocytes with
      a natural killer cell phenotype were rare. Most lymphocytes were OKT10 positive,
      but almost none reacted with the antithymocyte antibody OKT6. These results give
      additional information about the development of blood cells in early human life.
      They can be used as reference values for the prenatal diagnosis of hereditary or
      acquired anomalies of the hematologic and immunologic systems.

PMID- 3369366
TI  - Comparison of discriminant analysis procedures in laboratory differentiation of
      hypercalcemia.
AB  - Logistic, linear, and quadratic discriminant analyses were compared in their
      ability to differentiate hypercalcemic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
      from those with malignancy. Linear and quadratic discriminant analyses were
      performed by use of both untransformed and logarithmically transformed data.
      Application of principal components analysis with varimax rotation was helpful in
      revealing the underlying relationships between variables. All discriminant
      methods identified serum albumin as the best single discriminating test, with the
      log-quadratic discriminant analysis classifying 81% of patients correctly. The
      combination of albumin, carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone, and chloride
      improved classification accuracy (92% by use of log-quadratic discriminant
      analysis). Logistic discriminant analysis, using all 20 variables, gave a
      classification accuracy of 100%. Quadratic discriminant analysis gave better
      classification than linear discriminant analysis, and both methods performed
      better when log-transformed data were used. Logistic discriminant analysis
      followed by discrimination procedures using log-transformed data yielded the
      highest classification accuracy and reliability of the methods used.

PMID- 3369367
TI  - A comparative study of DNA cytometry methods for benign and malignant thyroid
      tissue.
AB  - DNA measurements of 46 thyroid specimens were performed by use of fresh tissue
      for flow cytometry and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue for flow and
      static cytometry. The tissue included four histopathologic subgroups, i.e., 19
      colloid goiters, 7 papillary carcinomas, 10 follicular adenomas, and 10
      follicular carcinomas. The methods measured DNA index and the percentage of cells
      in S-phase for each subgroup. There was a strong correlation between the methods
      for DNA-index measurements. In three cases, tissue interpreted as diploid by one
      method was aneuploid by another method. The S-phase measurements were not
      reproducible between the methods because of the low percentage of cells in S
      phase (mean: 2.6%; range: 0.0-7.5% overall). Aneuploid cells were rare in nodular
      goiter (2 of 19 cases, 10.5%) but were increasingly present in subsequent
      subgroups, i.e., 2 of 7 papillary carcinomas (28%), 3 of 10 follicular adenomas
      (30%), and 6 of 10 follicular carcinomas (60%).

PMID- 3369368
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in Hurthle cell adenomas and carcinomas
      of the thyroid.
AB  - Paraffin-embedded surgical biopsy material from 17 Hurthle cell tumors of the
      thyroid was examined for DNA content by flow cytometry to assess the diagnostic
      and prognostic utility of ploidy determinations in these rare tumors. Both
      adenomas (11 cases) and carcinomas (6 cases) were studied. As a control for
      methods, ten randomly selected normal autopsy thyroids were analyzed, all of
      which demonstrated normal diploid DNA content. Among the Hurthle cell tumors,
      however, aneuploid peaks were present in six adenomas (55%) and in four
      carcinomas (67%). Similarly, polyploid DNA peaks in the absence of other
      aneuploid peaks were present in two adenomas and two carcinomas (18% and 33%,
      respectively). These findings demonstrate the limited value of aneuploidy or
      polyploidy as diagnostic features for malignancy in Hurthle cell tumors of the
      thyroid. As for prognosis, there does not appear to be any unfavorable prognostic
      significance for abnormal DNA content in histologically benign Hurthle cell
      tumors treated by surgical excision because no metastases or recurrences occurred
      in this group at a mean disease-free follow-up of 50 +/- 19 months for six
      aneuploid lesions and 19 +/- 7 months for two polyploid adenomas. Preliminary
      data suggest that aneuploidy may, however, have an important prognostic value for
      histologically defined Hurthle cell carcinomas, because the only patient to die
      from the tumor in this series had an aneuploid Hurthle carcinoma. Thus, the
      authors' data indicate that the diagnostic utility of DNA content in Hurthle cell
      tumors is extremely limited and that there does not appear to be any negative
      prognostic significance for aneuploidy in histologically defined Hurthle cell
      adenomas.

PMID- 3369369
TI  - IgA nephropathy and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A prospective necropsy study.
AB  - The incidence of mesangial IgA nephropathy (mIgAN) was investigated in a series
      of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). Biologic parameters classically
      reported in IgAN were assessed in 98 patients, namely hematuria, proteinuria, and
      serum IgA. An immunohistologic study of the liver and kidney was performed in 33
      patients who died during the study. Renal data were compared with those obtained
      in a matched necropsic series of controls. This study confirmed a global
      elevation of serum IgA levels in ALC. A possible hepatic origin of these
      immunoglobulins was supported by the observation of plasma cells in portal spaces
      in 68% of the patients. Biologic signs of renal disease consistent with mIgAN
      were observed in 16% of the patients; IgAN was diagnosed in 18% of patients with
      ALC and 10% of the controls. These data suggest that the incidence of mIgAN in
      ALC is not different than in the general population.

PMID- 3369370
TI  - Immunohistochemical characterization of pulmonary blastoma.
AB  - The immunohistochemical staining patterns of three pulmonary blastomas (PBs) were
      studied for markers of mesenchymal (vimentin, muscle-specific actin) and
      epithelial (cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen) differentiation to clarify
      their phenotypic nature and, possibly, their histogenesis. Epithelial markers
      were confined to the tubular component of the tumors, and the mesenchymal markers
      were confined to the stromal component, demonstrating that PBs are true mixed
      tumors. These findings are consistent with origin from a primitive pluripotential
      stem cell but do not rule out derivation from a single germ layer with subsequent
      metaplastic transformation.

PMID- 3369371
TI  - A, B, and H substances in syringomas. An immunohistochemical analysis of 15
      cases.
AB  - This study examines the distribution of A, B, and H substances in 15 syringomas
      and 11 control axillary skins. Monoclonal antibodies (MCABs) against A, B, and H
      substances with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method were used.
      Additionally, the H antigen was localized with Ulex europaeus Agglutinin-I (UEA
      I) by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The MCABs provided specific
      and reproducible staining of all 15 syringomas as well as the secretory coli and
      duct of normal eccrine glands. Contrariwise, apocrine and sebaceous glands were
      uniformly nonreactive. The staining by the UEA-I technique showed a similar
      pattern to that of the anti-H MCAB but with increased background (nonspecific)
      staining. These results, using state-of-the-art immunohistochemistry, confirm the
      eccrine origin of syringoma. Blood group substances may be useful in
      distinguishing other tumors of eccrine origin from those of apocrine origin.

PMID- 3369372
TI  - Investigation of chronic lymphocytosis in adults.
AB  - Thirteen cases of idiopathic chronic lymphocytosis are the subject of this
      report. Patients showed a lymphocyte count between 4 and 15 X 10(9)/L for at
      least six months, marrow lymphocytosis not exceeding 25%, absence of lymphomegaly
      and hepatosplenomegaly, and no associated infections, immune, or neoplastic
      disease. Morphologic examination of smears revealed a lymphocytosis of large
      granular lymphocytes in five. A selected battery of polyclonal and monoclonal
      antisera to antigens commonly found on B-, T-, and natural killer cells allowed
      the identification of six cases of early B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, two
      cases of T-cell lymphocytosis with a suppressor or helper T-cell phenotype, and
      five cases of large granular lymphocyte/natural killer cell proliferative
      disease. The results demonstrate the usefulness of combining morphologic and
      phenotype studies for the investigation of chronic lymphocytosis, which often
      appears as an early leukemia or a benign clonal proliferative disorder of
      lymphocyte subsets.

PMID- 3369373
TI  - Liver and blood postmortem tricyclic antidepressant concentrations.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are one of the major causes of death from drug
      ingestions. Because TCAs are highly tissue bound, it has been postulated that
      postmortem tissue release would give rise to elevated blood levels. This study
      examines the authors' experience with TCAs as a cause of death and the
      reliability of postmortem liver and blood levels. Postmortem liver and blood TCA
      levels (parent drug and active metabolite) were quantitated by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
      From 1977 through 1985 the number and percentage of deaths caused by TCA
      overdoses have remained constant in regard to the total number of deaths caused
      by poisonings and overdoses: range: 4-17; 5.6-20.2%, respectively. During a six
      month period in 1986-1987, nine deaths were caused by six different TCAs.
      Substantial increases in blood TCA levels were observed as the postmortem
      interval increased. The mean liver and blood levels were as follows: 232
      micrograms/g of tissue (SD, 168) and 6.2 mg/L (SD, 2.4). The liver to blood ratio
      for the nine cases was 37 (SD, 22):1. In comparison, in cases (n = 4) in which
      the causes of death were not TCA related but the patients were taking therapeutic
      doses of TCA, the mean liver and blood levels were 10.8 micrograms/g (SD, 6.0)
      and 0.26 mg/L (SD, 0.06), respectively. The liver to blood ratio of 39.2 (SD,
      17.9): 1 was not different than in the overdose cases. This large tissue to blood
      gradient in both TCA overdose and therapeutic ingestion cases indicates that
      postmortem release of tissue-bound TCAs into the blood might falsely show
      elevated postmortem blood levels that could be indicative of a manner of death
      even in the nonoverdose, therapeutic ingestion. Thus, only liver TCA levels
      should be quantitated to specify the manner of death.

PMID- 3369374
TI  - Near-patient testing. Quality of laboratory test results obtained by non
      technical personnel in a decentralized setting.
AB  - The authors evaluated the quality and reliability of four desktop analyzers in
      the outpatient clinic. Twenty-seven nontechnologists (NTs) participated in the
      study. These included nurses, physicians, and medical students. The instruments
      and tests evaluated were as follows: Reflotron (glucose, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase and urea); Seralyzer (creatinine,
      glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin); Vision (glucose,
      urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid); and DT60
      (sodium, potassium, glucose, amylase, uric acid, bilirubin, and creatinine). For
      precision studies, low and high control material was used, and method comparison
      was done with methods in routine use in the laboratory. The range of coefficients
      of variation (CVs) for the analyzers with NTs was as follows: Reflotron: CV, 2.4
      7.9%; Seralyzer CV, 1.4-18.7%; Vision: CV, 1.5-2.7%; DT60: CV, 2.5-46.8. The
      percentage results that is different by greater than 10% between the NTs and
      trained technologists was related to the complexicity of procedure for each
      analyzer and was the lowest for the Vision analyzer and greatest for the
      Seralyzer.

PMID- 3369375
TI  - Histologic features of thyroid gland in a patient with bromide-induced
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - A case of a 22-year-old woman with bromide-induced hypothyroidism is presented.
      There have been no reports dealing with changes in thyroid function and thyroid
      morphologic characteristics associated with bromide intoxication. The
      characteristic histologic features of the affected thyroid gland included a
      marked hyperplasia of follicles lined by tall columnar follicular cells with foci
      of papillary proliferation and a loss of colloid materials in the follicular
      lumen. Ultrastructurally, thyroid follicular cells showed a marked dilatation of
      rough endoplasmic reticulum containing no electron-dense materials. X-ray
      microanalysis of the thyroid follicular cells revealed the presence of
      significant amounts of bromide and an absence of iodine. These indicated that
      severe hypothyroidism in this patient might be related to the accumulation of
      bromide in the thyroid follicular cells.

PMID- 3369376
TI  - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the stomach.
AB  - A case of primary Hodgkin's disease of the nodular sclerosis type in the stomach
      is described. The patient was a 71-year-old woman, who had an ulcerating tumor 4
      cm in diameter in the wall of the stomach. The restriction of the disease to the
      stomach was confirmed by laparotomy and staging examinations, and the patient has
      been free of any malignancy during a follow-up period, of eight years.
      Histologically the tumor consisted of fibrous strands between which mostly small
      lymphocytes but also some plasma cells, eosinophils, lacunar cells, and
      binucleated Reed-Sternberg cells were seen. The Reed-Sternberg cells were also
      identified with Leu-M1 and peanut agglutinin-staining. The present case confirms
      that Hodgkin's disease may--although rarely--arise in the lymphatic tissue of the
      stomach.

PMID- 3369377
TI  - Perceived family environment as a moderator of young adolescents' life stress
      adjustment.
AB  - A longitudinal design was employed to test the main and stress-moderating effects
      of young adolescents' perceived family environment (Family Environment Scales;
      FES; Moos & Moos, 1981) on their depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. This study
      was part of a larger longitudinal project (L. Cohen, Burt, & Bjorck, 1987) that
      demonstrated the significant cross-sectional effects of the young adolescents'
      controllable and uncontrollable negative events, and the significant longitudinal
      effects of the former. The present cross-sectional analyses demonstrated the
      hypothesized main effects of the FES scores; families perceived as cohesive,
      organized, and expressive were related to positive psychological functioning,
      whereas families perceived as conflict-ridden and controlling were related to
      negative functioning. However, in general these effects were nonsignificant in
      the longitudinal analyses. Although there were a number of significant Negative
      Events x FES interactions, in no instance did the pattern support the
      hypothesized stress-buffering role of positive family climate.

PMID- 3369378
TI  - Children's judgments of event upsettingness and personal experiencing of
      stressful events.
AB  - Five-hundred and three urban and suburban 4th- to 6th-grade schoolchildren judged
      event upsettingness and reported the occurrence of 22 life events. Judgments of
      event upsettingness ranged considerably, some corresponding to, others differing
      from, adult judgments. Children reported experiencing an average of seven events
      during their lifetimes. Girls judged events to be more upsetting than boys, and
      fourth and fifth graders judged events to be more upsetting than sixth graders.
      Urban children reported having experienced more stressful events than suburban
      children, and sixth graders experienced more events than fourth graders.

PMID- 3369379
TI  - Confirmatory factor analysis of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List.
AB  - Cohen and Hoberman (1983) designed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List
      (ISEL) to measure the perceived availability of four relatively independent
      social support resources and thus to provide tests of stress-buffering
      hypotheses. The utility of the ISEL for such tests requires evidence that it
      actually measures distinct functional support dimensions. A confirmatory factor
      analysis of the ISEL for 133 college students showed that a four-factor model
      provided a reasonable fit to the data, but the large correlations among the four
      factors were strongly suggestive of a general, second-order social support
      factor. However, scoring the ISEL as a unidimensional measure only would result
      in the loss of unique information contained in the four subscales. Researchers
      should therefore follow Cohen and Hoberman's procedure of analyzing ISEL subscale
      scores and the total score.

PMID- 3369380
TI  - The influence of hardiness on the relationship between stressors and
      psychosomatic symptomatology.
AB  - Thirty male and 58 female students responded to questionnaires based on a 9-month
      period in a prospective study of the impact of hardiness, life events, and
      hassles on reports of somatic symptoms. The data were analyzed utilizing cross
      lagged panel analyses, analyses of variance, and multiple regression analyses.
      The results suggested that life events, hassles, and symptoms were significantly
      related in a recursive, mutually interactive manner. Although life events shared
      a high degree of variance with hassles, hassles consistently contributed above
      and beyond life events in predicting somatic symptoms. In addition, hardiness
      tended to have additive and opposite effects to that of stressors in its impact
      on symptomatology. Finally, and perhaps most important, compared to lower-hardy
      individuals, those higher in hardiness tended to experience less frequent
      stressors and to perceive the minor events they did experience as less stressful.

PMID- 3369381
TI  - Back to the future, community psychology: unfolding a theory of social
      intervention.

PMID- 3369382
TI  - Feasibility of validating survey self-reports of mental health service use.
AB  - Survey respondents may inaccurately report mental health service utilization for
      motivational and cognitive reasons. There is little evidence on accuracy of self
      reports of mental health service use, and this evidence suggests that respondents
      tend to underreport inpatient utilization. This study addressed the question of
      self-report accuracy by comparing survey data from a large probability sample to
      data from computerized records of publicly funded mental health services. Few
      inaccuracies in self-reporting were detected. However, despite the use of data
      bases that were unusually appropriate for verifying self-reports, several
      problems limited the feasibility of validation. Suggestions are offered for
      increasing the feasibility of validation in future studies.

PMID- 3369383
TI  - Social support, organizational characteristics, psychological well-being, and
      group appraisal in three self-help group populations.
AB  - This study examined the relationship of three social support and three
      organizational variables to two well-being and two group appraisal variables
      among 144 members of Compassionate Friends, Multiple Sclerosis, and Overeaters
      Anonymous self-help groups. An anonymous questionnaire was the major research
      instrument. Receiving social support was not significantly related to depression
      or anxiety but was positively related to perceived group benefits and group
      satisfaction. Providing social support and friendship were each positively
      related to one well-being and one group appraisal variable. Bidirectional
      supporters (i.e., individuals high on both receiving and providing support)
      reported more favorable well-being and group appraisal than Receivers, Providers,
      and Low Supporters. At the group level of analysis (n = 15 groups), groups with
      higher levels of role differentiation, greater order and organization, and in
      which leaders were perceived as more capable contained members who reported more
      positive well-being and group appraisal. The implications for future research and
      professional consultation to self-help groups are discussed.

PMID- 3369384
TI  - Evaluation of a social problem-solving skills program for third- and fourth-grade
      students.
AB  - The effects of a social problem-solving (SPS) training program for entire
      classrooms of third- and fourth-grade children were examined in two studies. In
      the first study, experimental children showed significantly greater improvement
      in knowledge and performance of SPS skills than control children. However, both
      positive and negative effects of the intervention (varying by classroom) were
      found on measures of behavioral adjustment, self-efficacy, and peer acceptance at
      a 6-month follow-up. The second study compared two different intervention
      strategies: (a) SPS training with teacher-student dialoguing, peer pairing, and
      self-monitoring, and (b) SPS training with dialoguing only. It was found that
      children in both the experimental and control groups improved significantly in
      performance of SPS skills but no differences between the groups were found for
      changes in behavioral adjustment, self-efficacy, and peer acceptance. The
      limitations of cognitively mediated interventions for young children were
      discussed.

PMID- 3369385
TI  - False crystalluria with super-absorbent disposable diapers.

PMID- 3369386
TI  - Avoiding anxiety about 'innocent' heart murmur.

PMID- 3369387
TI  - Removal of cactus spines from the skin.

PMID- 3369388
TI  - Are Dinamap blood pressures in premature infants reliable?

PMID- 3369389
TI  - Snoring, daytime sleepiness, and sickle cell anemia.

PMID- 3369390
TI  - Cape Malay hypospadias/mental retardation syndrome.

PMID- 3369391
TI  - Recognition of coarctation of aorta.

PMID- 3369392
TI  - Interpretation of specific gravity by dipstick.

PMID- 3369393
TI  - Trauma and toxins. The linkage.

PMID- 3369394
TI  - Acute supraglottitis (epiglottitis): to look or not?

PMID- 3369395
TI  - PhD faculty in pediatric departments.

PMID- 3369396
TI  - Another view of PhD faculty in clinical departments.

PMID- 3369397
TI  - Restraints on publications. Physicians and journals.

PMID- 3369398
TI  - Determinants of pediatric injuries.
AB  - Injuries are an important health issue for children. Previous research, however,
      has presented confusing and conflicting results on the determinants of childhood
      injuries, particularly psychosocial predictors, largely due to methodologic
      problems. The purpose of this analysis, based on a prospective follow-up study of
      532 children, was to identify factors related to injuries encountered in a
      prepaid group practice during a 12-month period. Using logistic regression, we
      found four factors independently associated with the risk of at least one treated
      injury: high activity level, high rate of pediatric utilization for non-injury
      related visits during the follow-up period, occurrence of a treated injury during
      the year preceding the follow-up period, and negative attitude toward medical
      care providers by the child's mother. In addition, four factors were found to be
      independent predictors of injuries judged severe enough to always warrant medical
      care: occurrence of a treated injury in the preceding year, high rate of
      pediatric utilization for non-injury-related visits during the follow-up period,
      working more than 15 hours a week outside the home by the child's mother, and
      more life events reported by the mother for the year preceding the follow-up
      period. Since family stressors are related specifically to the risk of more
      severe injuries, which are unlikely to escape medical attention, we conclude that
      these factors probably are related to the occurrence of common injuries of early
      childhood and not exclusively to utilization behavior. We therefore suggest that
      children from families with these characteristics be targeted for injury
      prevention strategies.

PMID- 3369399
TI  - Behavioral research toward prevention of childhood injury. Report of a workshop
      sponsored by The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Sept 3
      5, 1986.
AB  - At a recent workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and
      Human Development, Bethesda, Md, injury and child behavior researchers
      recommended continued expansion of both directed research on control of specific
      injuries and basic research on mechanisms that underlie many or all injuries.
      Prevention of injuries that are not amenable to environmental control will
      require change in human behavior. Important research questions to address this
      goal include the following: How do identified risk factors influence the
      occurrence of injuries? How do children learn behaviors that alter the rate of
      injury? How do child developmental factors contribute to safety and injury?
      Innovative methods are needed, such as measure of environmental hazards, exposure
      to risk, and precursors of serious injuries. These approaches expanded by a
      broadened base of investigators should help reduce childhood mortality and
      morbidity due to injuries.

PMID- 3369400
TI  - Gunshot wounds in children under 10 years of age. A new epidemic.
AB  - Before 1980 we had not treated any children with gunshot wounds who were younger
      than 10 years of age, but the number has increased dramatically each year since
      then. Thirty-four children younger than 10 years of age were treated for gunshot
      wounds from 1980 to 1987. Sociologic and epidemiologic data were assessed by a
      child-abuse team and police. Other studies have concluded that gunshot wounds in
      young children were usually caused by unintentional injury, child abuse, or
      neglect. From our present study we add a further, and very disturbing, category,
      that of attempted or intentional pediatric homicide. The children in this
      category were shot in retaliation for gang activities of their older siblings.
      This study demonstrates that the majority of our patients' childhood gunshot
      wounds were related to gang violence and retaliation, the availability of
      handguns in the home, and child neglect. The prevalence of childhood gunshot
      wounds in the inner city is increasing dramatically.

PMID- 3369401
TI  - Characteristics of fatal gunshot wounds in the home in Oklahoma: 1982-1983.
AB  - Children are a unique group at risk of injury from firearms because of their
      immaturity, curiosity, and imitative behavior. All unintentional firearm deaths
      in persons younger than age 20 years that occurred in Oklahoma in 1982 and 1983
      were reviewed. There were 32 unintentional deaths from firearms in children from
      birth to age 19 years. The death rate in rural counties was four times that of
      urban counties. Twenty-seven deaths (85%) occurred at home, with an adult present
      in only two cases. The home death rate for males was 5.2 times that of females,
      with 15- to 19-year-old males most at risk. The rates among whites and Native
      Americans were similar, at 1.5 and 1.2 per 100,000, respectively, with no deaths
      among the black population. This review concurs with previous studies that
      firearms are a significant cause of mortality in the pediatric age group.
      Counseling parents about the hazards of firearms may prevent deaths through
      better supervision and more responsible gun care and storage.

PMID- 3369402
TI  - Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)-containing cologne, perfume, and after-shave ingestions
      in children.
AB  - Colognes, perfumes, and after-shaves containing ethyl alcohol (ethanol) are
      frequently ingested by children. These products may contain from 50% to 99%
      ethanol. To determine if ingestion of colognes, perfumes, or after-shaves by
      children results in serious ethanol toxic reactions, this retrospective study was
      performed. One hundred twenty-three cases of children younger than 6 years old
      who ingested these products were reviewed. The cases were arbitrarily divided
      into three groups based on the amount ingested by history. Group 1 included
      children in whom less than 30 mL was ingested; group 2, 30 to 60 mL was ingested;
      and group 3, more than 60 to 105 mL was ingested. Of the 102 patients in group 1,
      no children experienced symptoms or signs. One of 17 children in group 2 was
      described by parents as sleepy but was asymptomatic one hour later. Two of four
      children in group 3 behaved as if intoxicated, yet blood ethanol levels were
      undetectable within 2 1/2 hours after ingestion. Based on our study, asymptomatic
      children who ingested by history less than 105 mL of a cologne, perfume, or after
      shave and remain asymptomatic can be safely watched at home. All children with
      symptoms of intoxication need health care facility referral.

PMID- 3369403
TI  - Epidemiology of human bites to children in a day-care center.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology of human bites to
      children in a day-care center over a one-year period. This was a cohort study
      based on the injury log maintained on a daily basis by staff of the day-care
      center, as required by state II-censure law. A total of 224 children was enrolled
      in the center during the study period: 29 infants (ages 0 to 16 months), 62
      toddlers (16.1 to 30 months), and 133 preschoolers (30.1 to 72 months). One
      hundred four children were bitten one or more times by other children in the
      center, with a total of 347 bites. The bite rates (defined as number of bites per
      100 child days of enrollment in the center) varied significantly by age group but
      not by gender for initial or first-time bites, with toddlers having the highest
      rate and preschoolers the lowest (infants, 0.7129; toddlers, 1.3672;
      preschoolers, 0.4193). Total bite rates (which took into account multiple bites
      per child over the 12-month study period) varied significantly by age group, with
      toddlers having the highest rate per 100 days of enrollment and preschoolers the
      lowest (infants, 2.1931; toddlers, 3.1300; preschoolers, 0.5611). Males and
      females differed significantly in total bite rates per 100 enrollment days within
      the toddler age group (males, 3.6683; females, 2.3096) but not within the other
      two age groups. None of the demographic characteristics available in this study
      distinguished between children who were bitten compared with those who were not
      bitten with the exception of number of days of enrollment. The circumstances
      surrounding the biting events were examined with respect to the activity of the
      child when bitten, the victim's location when bitten, body part bitten, and
      treatment by staff. The results of this study raise policy questions about
      treatment protocols for human bites of children in group child-care settings, the
      routine recording of biting events, and the ethics and practice of reporting such
      events to parents.

PMID- 3369404
TI  - Management of illness and temporary disability in children enrolled in day-care
      centers. The Health House experience.
AB  - Alternative care arrangements are often necessary when children enrolled in day
      care centers experience illness or temporary disability. To meet this need, a new
      facility named Health House was established by the Child Development Program of
      the Pomona (Calif) Unified School District. This report describes the
      organization, operation, and costs of the program, and reviews the management of
      179 episodes of illness or temporary disability in 99 children served by the
      program during the 1983-1984 school year. The medical conditions of patients
      cared for were comparable with those seen in physicians' offices as reported in a
      national survey. The daily cost of care per child for the sponsoring agency was
      $38. The service enabled an average daily salary saving of $39.80 for the working
      parent. Health House may serve as a model for the management of illness or
      temporary disability in children enrolled in day-care centers.

PMID- 3369405
TI  - Failure of hospitals to promote the use of child restraint devices.
AB  - Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in children. In 1977,
      Tennessee adopted the nation's first law requiring the use of child restraint
      devices (CRDs), but despite extensive promotional efforts, a majority of young
      children still travel unrestrained. We surveyed all acute-care hospitals in
      Tennessee to determine their policies regarding CRDs. Of 109 hospitals with
      obstetric services, 28 (26%) had a policy calling for discharged newborns to be
      transported in CRDs; only seven (5%) of 128 pediatric services had such a policy.
      It is time for hospitals and professional organizations to adopt policies to
      ensure that the parents of every child discharged from an obstetric or pediatric
      unit are educated concerning CRD use laws and are able to comply with them.
      Pediatricians should consider incorporating "discharge in child restraint device"
      into their routine discharge orders.

PMID- 3369406
TI  - Labial adhesions and posterior fourchette injuries in childhood sexual abuse.
AB  - Six cases involving six sisters, all of whom were sexually molested, are
      presented to illustrate the association between labial adhesions and posterior
      fourchette injuries in sexually abused children. Although labial adhesions are a
      relatively common lesion, they only recently have been associated with childhood
      sexual abuse. Labial adhesions are ordinarily found in girls between 2 months and
      7 years of age and are usually very superficial and disappear spontaneously by
      the time the child approaches puberty. We encountered six sisters, all of whom
      had been sexually abused, who had labial adhesions. Four of the six had changes
      in the area of the posterior fourchette that were consistent with previous
      trauma. In addition, four of the girls' hymens had thickened, irregular edges or
      other changes that were considered abnormal. The father, the grandfather, and an
      uncle confessed to lewd and lascivious misconduct with the children. Although
      labial adhesions alone are not reason enough to make a report of sexual abuse,
      the physician is obligated to inquire as to the possible cause if the adhesions
      do not fit the usual pattern or if there are other suspicious findings.

PMID- 3369407
TI  - New child abuse spectrum in an era of increased awareness.
AB  - Three hundred eight-two children were evaluated for abuse or neglect during a 30
      month period in a pediatric clinic in a county hospital. Fifty-one percent
      presented for sexual abuse, 34% for physical abuse, and 15% for neglect. Thirteen
      children were hospitalized. Children examined for sexual abuse had a mean age of
      5.8 years and a median age of 5 years; 71% had normal findings on examination,
      including 48% of those with a history of penetration. Fourteen children were
      brought for evaluation on the basis of caretakers' misinterpretation,
      overconcern, or malice. The current spectrum of patients seen for child abuse or
      neglect reflects increased public and professional awareness of the problem.
      Earlier recognition of abuse, especially greater readiness to consider sexual
      abuse, brings younger, less physically injured children to the clinic.

PMID- 3369408
TI  - What residents know about child abuse. Implications of a survey of knowledge and
      attitudes.
AB  - Residency training programs are the appropriate milieu in which physicians should
      receive specialized training in the diagnosis and management of child abuse. The
      purposes of the present study were to assess and compare residents' knowledge of
      child abuse and their attitudes toward the propriety of different forms of
      childhood discipline. We surveyed 192 residents from seven different training
      programs with questionnaires probing their knowledge of child abuse and their
      attitudes toward childhood disciplinary measures; 161 (84%) of the questionnaires
      were satisfactorily completed by residents in pediatrics (n = 87), family
      medicine (n = 51), and surgery (n = 23). Both pediatric residents and family
      medicine residents outperformed surgery residents in one subscale and the total
      score on the test. Scores were not related to year of training or attitudes
      toward childhood discipline but were correlated with self-reports of previous
      child abuse teaching. Residents' performance on a childhood disciplinary measure
      demonstrated wide latitude in their rating of the acceptability of 23 different
      modes of childhood discipline. Our findings indicate a need for a more systematic
      approach to residents' education in childhood intentional injuries and some value
      clarification of their attitudes toward various forms of childhood discipline.

PMID- 3369409
TI  - PhDs in pediatric departments.
AB  - A survey on PhDs in academic pediatric departments was sent to members of the
      Association of Medical School Pediatric Department Chairmen (70% responded).
      Significant numbers (14.5%) of pediatric faculty members hold PhDs. Another 3.6%
      hold PhDs/MDs. Research is their major responsibility in every subspecialty
      except psychology. The majority of PhDs (51%) are assistant professors (8%
      tenured) in contrast to 37% of MD faculty (14% tenured). The majority of PhDs at
      full professor (56%) are tenured compared with only 44% of MDs. Separate criteria
      exist for promotion for PhDs in 42% of departments. For promotion to associate
      professor, the mean number of refereed publications is 18 (median, 15); for full
      professor, the number ranges from ten to 50 (median, 40). Extramural research
      funding carries the highest weight in evaluating research efforts. PhDs could
      impact significantly on long-range planning in academic pediatric departments.

PMID- 3369410
TI  - Differentiation of epiglottitis from laryngotracheitis in the child with stridor.
AB  - To identify which clinical findings serve to differentiate acute epiglottitis
      from laryngotracheitis and also to evaluate the role of direct inspection of the
      epiglottis in the evaluation of children initially thought to have
      laryngotracheitis, we prospectively evaluated 155 children presenting to the
      emergency room with acute stridor. Three of the findings on physical examination
      were associated with epiglottitis: absence of spontaneous cough, drooling, and
      agitation. The diagnosis assigned prior to inspection of the epiglottis was
      incorrect in two of six patients with epiglottitis and in three of 149 patients
      with laryngotracheitis. The diagnosis made after inspection was correct in all
      155 patients. Minor complications of inspection were seen in seven patients with
      laryngotracheitis. No complications were seen in the children with epiglottitis.
      We conclude that drooling, agitation, and absence of cough are predictors of
      epiglottitis, but clinical findings alone cannot exclude epiglottitis in every
      child who appears to have laryngotracheitis. When laryngotracheitis is the
      suspected diagnosis, inspection of the epiglottis by a pediatrician in a hospital
      emergency room is an effective aid to the evaluation of the child with acute
      stridor.

PMID- 3369411
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Hyperthyroidism as a cause of superior mesenteric
      artery syndrome.

PMID- 3369412
TI  - Relation of triglyceride levels to coronary artery disease: the Milwaukee
      Cardiovascular Data Registry.
AB  - Although levels of triglycerides have consistently shown a strong association
      with cardiovascular disease in both case-control and cohort studies, it remains
      controversial whether this relation exists independently of levels of cholesterol
      and other risk factors. The association of arteriographically documented coronary
      artery disease with plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was therefore examined in 5,216 white
      adults (81% were male) referred to two Milwaukee hospitals between 1972 and 1986.
      Elevated levels of triglycerides were related to the extent of coronary artery
      disease (estimated using the total number and severity of stenoses) in both
      sexes; this association existed independently of total cholesterol, age, obesity,
      hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In addition, the association
      between triglycerides and coronary artery occlusion was strongest at total
      cholesterol levels less than or equal to 250 mg/dl. However, both stratified and
      regression analyses indicated there was no residual association between
      triglyceride levels and occlusion after controlling for HDL cholesterol. (Levels
      of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides showed a moderate inverse association: r = 
      0.39 to -0.51.) These results indicate that the association between coronary
      artery occlusion and levels of triglycerides is indirect, and that the disparate
      findings of earlier studies may have resulted from not controlling for HDL
      cholesterol.

PMID- 3369413
TI  - The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality: prospective evidence from the
      Alameda County Study.
AB  - The contribution of secular changes in the distribution of ischemic heart disease
      risk factors and medical care utilization to the decline in ischemic heart
      disease mortality was investigated using data collected on the nine-year ischemic
      heart disease mortality experience of two cohorts selected to be representative
      of Alameda County, California, in 1965 and 1974. With adjustment for age, sex,
      race, and baseline ischemic heart disease conditions and symptoms, there was a
      45% decline in the nine-year odds of ischemic heart disease mortality between the
      two cohorts (1965/1974, odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, p = 0.0001). Further adjustment
      for cohort differences in the following ischemic heart disease risk factors did
      not explain the decline: smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, self
      assessed physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, or social
      network participation; neither did adjustment for measures of education,
      utilization of preventive medical care, availability of a regular physician or
      clinic, health insurance coverage, number of physician visits during the last 12
      months, or occupation. There was no change in the estimated ischemic heart
      disease decline when all adjustment variables were included in a logistic model
      (1965/1974, OR = 1.81, p = 0.0002). These variables do not appear to explain the
      large decline in nine-year ischemic heart disease mortality between these two
      cohorts.

PMID- 3369414
TI  - Did early detection and treatment contribute to the decline in ischemic heart
      disease mortality? Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study.
AB  - In a previous study, the authors reported a 45 per cent decline in ischemic heart
      disease mortality between cohorts selected to be representative of Alameda
      County, California, in 1965 and 1974. The decline could not be explained by
      baseline differences in the distribution of many of the known ischemic heart
      disease risk factors available for analysis in this cohort. This study reports
      the results of further analyses which evaluated the hypothesis that early
      detection and improved treatment contributed to the decline. In multiple logistic
      analyses adjusted for age, sex, and race, those who reported heart trouble at
      baseline had an ischemic heart disease mortality decline 2.5 times greater than
      those who did not (p = 0.01). Those who used preventive health services had an
      ischemic heart disease mortality decline 2.2 times greater than those who did not
      (p = 0.03). These interactions were independent of each other and were not
      explained by adjustment for physical activity, smoking, social connections, or
      body mass index. There was an increase in the prevalence of self-reported heart
      trouble between 1965 and 1974, especially among younger age groups. These results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that early detection and treatment contributed
      to the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality observed in the Alameda County
      Study.

PMID- 3369415
TI  - Calcium-rich foods and blood pressure: findings from the Italian National
      Research Council Study (the Nine Communities Study).
AB  - The present report analyzes the relation between different categories of
      consumption of varied calcium-rich foods and blood pressure in a population
      sample of 5,049 Italian men and women aged 20-59, examined between November 1978
      and May 1979. The consumption pattern of the various foods was estimated with the
      use of a food frequency questionnaire. The findings are consistent with an
      inverse association between whole milk consumption and systolic, but not
      diastolic, blood pressure. Daily consumption of cheese, on the other hand, is not
      associated with reduced blood pressure levels. The possibility of an adverse
      effect of the high saturated fats and sodium content on blood pressure that could
      counteract the beneficial effect of calcium is discussed. Daily skim milk
      consumption is surprisingly associated with higher systolic, but not diastolic,
      pressure, compared with infrequent consumption. The possibility of these findings
      being the result of pre-existing health problems leading to the selection of skim
      milk over whole milk is discussed. Daily consumption of legumes is associated
      with lower systolic pressure than infrequent consumption, but the differences do
      not reach statistical significance, probably because of limited statistical
      power. These associations are similar in both males and females.

PMID- 3369416
TI  - Comparability of mortality follow-up before and after the National Death Index.
AB  - Prior to 1979, epidemiologic studies which included mortality follow-up on large
      cohorts relied on death certificates from last state of residence and expensive
      follow-up techniques to determine survival. Beginning with 1979, the National
      Death Index can be used to search death certificate files from all 50 states, the
      Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. This paper addresses the issue of whether
      mortality follow-up in epidemiologic studies based on a single state death
      certificate search using only data available in 1970-1975 can be compared with
      post-1979 mortality follow-up using the National Death Index. This question was
      addressed by following a cohort of 2,925 coronary heart disease and
      cerebrovascular disease 1980 hospital discharges from 1980 through 1983 with the
      use of both the National Death Index and the Minnesota Death Index (MINNDEX).
      Algorithms for evaluating potential death certificate matches were developed
      independently for both systems. The systems agreed on the survival status of 98%
      of the cohort, and both identified 31% as dead. This study supports the
      comparison of results of National Death Index follow-up to pre-National Death
      Index studies using algorithms such as the MINNDEX, and provides evidence that
      trend analyses relying on single state death searches pre-1979 and on the
      National Death Index from 1979 are valid, particularly in chronically ill
      persons.

PMID- 3369417
TI  - Dietary factors and the incidence of cancer of the urinary bladder.
AB  - A case-control study of diet and bladder cancer was conducted during 1979-1982 in
      Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto, and Kingston, Canada. A total of 826 histologically
      verified cancer cases were individually matched by age, sex, and area of
      residence to 792 randomly selected population controls. Subjects were interviewed
      concerning their histories of exposure to a number of dietary factors, including
      table-top artificial sweeteners, low calorie foods and drinks, beverages
      containing caffeine or ethanol, and certain other food items. Also, subjects
      provided information on their past medical, occupational, and residential
      histories, in addition to their exposures to tobacco and other life-style
      factors. For the analysis, conditional logistic regression methods were used.
      Under adjustment for cumulative lifetime amount of cigarette smoking, the dietary
      factors, with little exception, were not associated with significant alteration
      of risk for bladder cancer. In particular, ever regular use of artificial
      sweeteners did not appear to be associated with increased risk, either among men
      (odds ratio = 0.95, p = 0.70) or among women (odds ratio = 1.15, p = 0.53).
      However, daily intake of cholesterol, calculated from reported frequencies of
      consumption of nine relevant food items, suggested a mild increase in risk; the
      odds ratio estimate of trend was 1.07/100 mg average daily intake (i.e.,
      1.07(5.5) = 1.45 for 550 mg cholesterol per day, as might be consumed in one egg;
      p = 0.009). A history of diabetes mellitus of onset after age 20 years also
      seemed to be associated with increased risk of bladder cancer (odds ratio = 1.65,
      p = 0.019), but this increase did not appear to be the result of use of insulin
      or other medications, or use of artificial sweeteners or low calorie foods. Thus,
      this study tends to confirm reports of a lack of association between use of
      artificial sweeteners and subsequent risk of bladder cancer.

PMID- 3369418
TI  - Hysterectomy, tubal sterilization, and the risk of breast cancer.
AB  - Studies suggest that hysterectomy and tubal sterilization may alter the function
      of the remaining ovaries. Conceivably, this effect could alter breast cancer
      risk. To investigate whether these surgeries affect breast cancer risk, the
      authors analyzed data collected between December 1, 1980, and April 30, 1983, in
      a population-based, case-control study of women aged 20-54 years, the Cancer and
      Steroid Hormone Study. Compared with never-sterilized women, women with
      hysterectomy and no remaining ovaries had a decreased risk of breast cancer
      (relative risk (RR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6-0.8). Risk was
      lowest in women who had their surgery before age 40 years or 15 or more years in
      the past; surgery at an early age provided greater protection than surgery in the
      distant past. Hysterectomy with one or two remaining ovaries was also inversely
      associated with breast cancer risk (RR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7-0.9), but no relation
      was found with age at surgery or time since surgery. Women with tubal
      sterilization had a slightly increased risk of breast cancer, which was of
      borderline statistical significance (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0-1.3). However, no
      relation was found with age at surgery or time since surgery. The data suggest
      that hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy decreases the breast cancer risk in
      women aged less than 55 years, possibly by curtailing ovarian function at a
      critical period. However, neither hysterectomy without bilateral oophorectomy nor
      tubal sterilization appears to substantially alter breast cancer risk in women of
      this age.

PMID- 3369419
TI  - Analysis of excess lung cancer risk in short-term employees.
AB  - An excess of lung cancer found in a cohort of 741 New York State tremolitic talc
      workers observed from 1947 through 1978 has been shown paradoxically to be
      concentrated in short-term workers. Review of past work histories suggests that
      the excess of lung cancer in these short-term workers may be accounted for by
      prior exposures rather than by exposures at the employment under investigation.
      This finding has significant implications in view of the developing practice of
      including short-term workers in occupational cohort studies in contrast to the
      more traditional practice of excluding short-term workers. The traditional
      practice was based on the assumption that the inclusion of short-term workers
      with little exposure, and thus little risk, might dilute an otherwise apparent
      association between mortality and exposure. This study suggests that in certain
      instances the inclusion of short-term workers may magnify rather than dilute the
      estimation of risk, reflecting the presence of confounding variables.

PMID- 3369421
TI  - A mail survey of physical activity habits as related to measured physical
      fitness.
AB  - The associations of self-reported measures of physical activity from a mail
      survey with an objective measure of physical fitness were investigated.
      Respondents to a health status survey (n = 12,225), conducted in 1982 by the
      Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas, TX, formed the population. From this
      group, males who also had a clinical examination within 60 days of the return of
      their questionnaire served as subjects. The study subjects (n = 375, mean age =
      47.1 years) completed a maximal physical fitness assessment using a modified
      Balke protocol. The questionnaire included a section of inquiries concerning
      leisure time physical activity participation in which subjects were asked to
      quantitatively recall exercise participation for varying periods of time.
      Reported exercise participation values were converted to estimates of energy
      expenditure and combined into overall indices of physical activity participation.
      Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the individual contributions
      of the physical activity indices in predicting maximal treadmill performance
      (physical fitness). Significant predictors of physical fitness were age (beta = 
      0.34), an index of running, walking, and jogging participation (beta = 0.31), and
      the response to a question on frequency of sweating (beta = 0.35). The multiple
      correlation coefficient for these variables in predicting physical fitness was
      0.65. These results indicate that exercise behavior can be accurately estimated
      in large populations by using simple questions in a mail survey.

PMID- 3369420
TI  - Chemical correlates of pathogenicity of oils related to the toxic oil syndrome
      epidemic in Spain.
AB  - The identity of the etiologic agent that caused the 1981 epidemic of toxic oil
      syndrome in Spain has not been established, and toxicologic study of oil
      specimens from the outbreak has been hampered by uncertainty about which oils
      were actually capable of causing illness. To identify chemical characteristics
      associated with pathogenicity, the authors compared specimens collected during
      the Spanish government's oil recall program in June and July 1981 from affected
      and unaffected households in the two contiguous towns of Alcorcon and Leganes
      (Madrid Province). Oils were blind-coded for laboratory analysis, and personnel
      with no knowledge of the laboratory results determined whether illness was
      present in a family. Contamination with free aniline and oleyl, linoleyl, and
      palmityl anilides was strikingly more frequent and extensive in oils collected
      from the case (affected) families. There was a clear-cut dose-response effect,
      with increasing concentrations of aniline and anilides associated with increasing
      risk of illness. Differences in fatty acid and sterol compositions among oils
      indicated more rapeseed oil admixture in the case group, but these indicators of
      rapeseed oil admixture did not contribute significantly to risk after the degree
      of aniline/anilide contamination had been taken into account. The authors
      conclude that the presence of relatively high levels of aniline and fatty acid
      anilides in oil specimens collected during the epidemic in the two towns studied
      indicates a high probability of the current or prior presence of the etiologic
      agent of toxic oil syndrome. Although these data do not necessarily indicate that
      any of the compounds measured actually caused the illness, further toxicologic
      work should concentrate on oils with substantial concentrations of the marker
      compounds.

PMID- 3369422
TI  - Variability in portion sizes of commonly consumed foods among a population of
      women in the United States.
AB  - The use of food frequency questionnaires for measuring dietary intake has become
      widespread in epidemiologic studies. It has been suggested that inquiring about a
      person's usual serving size of each food, in addition to the frequency of
      consumption, will improve the accuracy of this method. This approach implies that
      individuals characteristically eat a specific amount of any particular food, and
      that this amount can be reported with reasonable accuracy. To investigate the
      variability of portion sizes, the authors analyzed data for 68 commonly consumed
      foods, based on four one-week weighed diet histories recorded by 194 Boston-area
      women aged 34-59 years during 1980 and 1981. For each food, total population
      variance in portion size was partitioned into within-person (intraindividual) and
      between-person (interindividual) components. For all but seven food items
      (yogurt, liver, mixed vegetables, watermelon, pancakes/waffles, cold cereal, and
      cooked cereal) the within-person variance in portion size exceeded the between
      person variance. The mean of the within-person to between-person variance ratios,
      after exclusion of two outlying foods, was 3.4 for untransformed portion sizes,
      and 3.2 after portion sizes were loge-transformed. Foods with a high within
      person variance also tended to have a high between-person variance. The dominance
      of within-person variance in portion sizes suggests that the concept of usual
      portion size is complex, and that subjects may experience substantial difficulty
      in specifying their "usual" portion size. The smaller contribution of between
      person variance to the total variance in portion size suggests that specification
      of a standard portion size by the investigator may not introduce a large error in
      the estimation of food and nutrient intake.

PMID- 3369423
TI  - Experience with human immunodeficiency virus infection in patients with hepatitis
      B virus and hepatitis delta virus infections in Los Angeles, 1977-1985.
AB  - Stored serum specimens from 723 patients with acute hepatitis B and 228 patients
      with chronic hepatitis B seen between 1977 and 1985 in the Hepatitis Clinic of
      the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los
      Angeles, CA, were tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV).
      Risk factors were ordered hierarchically; cases with multiple risk factors were
      tabulated only in the risk group listed first on the clinic records. Anti-HIV was
      first detected in 1979, and by 1983 was found in about half of all homosexual men
      with chronic hepatitis B. The prevalence was significantly lower in patients with
      acute hepatitis B than in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and in nonhomosexual
      subjects compared with homosexual subjects. By 1985, 30 per cent of intravenous
      drug users with chronic hepatitis B were anti-HIV-positive. The highest annual
      seroconversion rate for anti-HIV, 21 per cent, was found in homosexual men in
      1983. A significant association existed between anti-HIV positivity and hepatitis
      delta virus infection in homosexual men but not in drug abusers. This study
      provides data on the natural history of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic
      in Los Angeles. Further study on the interaction of these different viruses is
      warranted.

PMID- 3369424
TI  - Illness and reservoirs associated with Giardia lamblia infection in rural Egypt:
      the case against treatment in developing world environments of high endemicity.
AB  - A longitudinal investigation of the health effects and reservoirs of Giardia was
      undertaken during 1984-1985 in 40 households located in the rural Nile Delta
      region of Egypt. Stool specimens obtained once weekly for six months from 2-4
      year-old children were cyst- or trophozoite-positive in 42% of the 724 examined.
      Only one child remained Giardia-negative during the study. The mean duration of
      excretion in Giardia-positive children was seven and one-half weeks with a range
      of one to 17 weeks. Mucus was present in 52% of all stools collected, and fecal
      leukocytes were observed with surprising frequency in the absence of identifiable
      pathogens. Clinical symptoms of illness were frequently observed within a month
      before or after Giardia excretion in stool of children, but a statistical
      inference of association was not demonstrated. Seventeen per cent of 697
      specimens obtained from their mothers were Giardia-positive for a mean duration
      of four weeks and a range of one to 18 weeks. A total of 962 specimens were
      collected from 13 species of household livestock. Giardia was detected in 22
      specimens from cows, goats, sheep, and one duck. Giardia cysts were detected in
      three of 899 samples of household drinking water. The ubiquity of the protozoan
      as well as the failure to show an association between infection and symptomatic
      illness argue against the administration of Giardia-specific drugs to children in
      settings where the risk of reinfection is high and for whom intestinal insults
      are both varied and constant.

PMID- 3369425
TI  - Ahaptoglobinemia in African populations and its relation to malaria endemicity.
AB  - A study of the relations between plasma haptoglobin levels and malaria endemicity
      was carried out on selected specimens collected in 1980-1985 during studies on
      malaria transmission in various populations of the Brazzaville region of the
      Republic of the Congo. The prevalence of ahaptoglobinemia in school-children is
      2.2% in Moungali and 2.9% in Poto-Poto, two districts of Brazzaville where
      malaria transmission intensity is less than one infective mosquito bite per
      person per year and malaria prevalence in schoolchildren is less than 10%. In
      contrast, ahaptoglobinemia prevalence is 48% in schoolchildren from the village
      of Djoumouna, where malaria transmission intensity reaches 1,000 infective bites
      per person per year and malaria prevalence in schoolchildren is 94%. Intermediate
      values, between 11.1% and 23.4% are observed in schoolchildren from Talangai,
      Massina, and Linzolo, districts or villages where malaria transmission intensity
      is between 20 and 250 infective bites per person per year and malaria prevalence
      in schoolchildren is between 66% and 81%. These findings indicate that
      ahaptoglobinemia prevalence is correlated with the level of malaria endemicity
      and provide additional support for the hypothesis that malaria is the main cause
      of ahaptoglobinemaia in African populations. The haptoglobin system may be of
      considerable interest in the investigation of the mechanisms of anemia in
      malaria.

PMID- 3369426
TI  - The epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and
      Texas, 1981 through 1985.
AB  - From 1981 through 1985, a total of 851 laboratory-confirmed cases of Rocky
      Mountain spotted fever were reported in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Annual
      incidence rates in each state increased from 1981 through 1983, ranging from a
      17% increase in Arkansas to a 137% increase in Texas. In the period 1984 through
      1985, the annual incidence rates in each state decreased over 50%. A total of 519
      cases were males. A majority of cases (51%) were 19 years of age or younger.
      April through August were the months of onset of symptoms for 83% of the cases.
      Differences in distribution of month of onset of symptoms were noted when
      comparing age groups and state of residence of the cases. The case-fatality ratio
      was 4.7%. Case-fatality ratios were higher in blacks and in older age groups. An
      endemic focus of Rocky Mountain spotted fever exists in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and
      Texas. The annual incidence trend for spotted fever in these three states is
      dissimilar to the trends in other states.

PMID- 3369427
TI  - Two outbreaks of trichinosis caused by horsemeat in France in 1985.
AB  - Two outbreaks of trichinosis occurred in France in August and October of 1985 and
      1,073 cases in all were identified. In the first outbreak, two localities were
      involved: the town of Melun and the 14th district of Paris. To determine the
      origin of the contamination, three case-control studies were carried out: among
      patients' families, among the populations of these two areas, and among the
      inmates in the prison of Melun. In the second outbreak, cases again occurred in
      Paris but in a different district (the 12th), in the city's suburbs, and in other
      towns scattered throughout France. Although no parasites were found in any of the
      meat examined in either outbreak, results of the study indicate that infection
      was due to horsemeat consumption and led to the incrimination of two carcasses,
      one imported from a slaughterhouse in the United States and the other from West
      Germany. These findings led the French Ministry of Agriculture to order the
      inspection for trichinosis of all meat from horses slaughtered both in France and
      in countries exporting horsemeat to France.

PMID- 3369428
TI  - Introduction of human immunodeficiency virus infection among parenteral drug
      abusers in Sardinia: a seroepidemiologic study.

PMID- 3369429
TI  - "Crack" cocaine use in Canada: a new epidemic?

PMID- 3369430
TI  - Recontacting study participants in epidemiologic research.

PMID- 3369431
TI  - Re: "Mortality among plutonium and other radiation workers at a plutonium weapons
      facility".

PMID- 3369432
TI  - Prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities in patients with primary
      myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive
      patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to
      the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was
      to evaluate the prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities and of an
      excess of blasts for early death from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and/or
      bone marrow failure (BMF). Patients were subdivided into two main groups: (1)
      refractory anemia without an excess of blasts (RAWEB), grouping patients with
      refractory anemia (RA) and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and
      (2) refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB), grouping patients with
      refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB) and refractory anemia with an
      excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 patients with RAWEB and
      14 with RAEB. The median time of observation was 26 months for RAWEB and 12
      months for RAEB. Ten RAWEB patients (34%) and 11 RAEB patients (78%) had clonal
      chromosomal abnormalities. Among the ten RAWEB patients with clonal
      abnormalities, one (10%) died from ANLL, while of 19 RAWEB patients with a normal
      karyotype, two (10%) died from ANLL or BMF. The median survival for patients with
      RAWEB and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11
      RAEB patients with clonal chromosomal abnormalities (74%) died from ANLL or BMF.
      The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional
      hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was
      not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the RAWEB/RAEB
      variable was taken into account. Being in the RAEB group was associated with a
      relative risk of 10.6 of dying from ANLL or BMF (beta = 2.36, standard error (SE)
      = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying patients according to an excess
      of blasts will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype
      abnormality.

PMID- 3369434
TI  - Erythrocytes in Hb SC disease are microcytic and hyperchromic.
AB  - We have used the new Technicon H.1 Hematology Analyzer to determine the indices
      of erythrocytes obtained from 18 nonthalassemic (alpha alpha/alpha alpha
      genotype) adult patients with Hb SC disease. Controls were 14 normal black adults
      and 29 white adults. The data showed that SC erythrocytes are significantly
      smaller than normal RBC (P less than .001) with a significantly higher MCHC value
      (P less than .001) than controls. These features of SC RBC could not be
      reproduced by an Ortho ELT-8 electronic counter. Hb SC erythrocytes have unique
      indices which are best demonstrated either by semimanual methods or by the H.1
      system.

PMID- 3369433
TI  - Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to sexual partners of hemophiliacs.
AB  - To examine the variables associated with heterosexual transmission of human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we studied 32 couples in our hemophilia center who
      had steady sexual relationships for periods more than 1 year. Of the 32 sexual
      partners of the hemophiliacs, five (15.6%) were HIV seropositive. All five
      hemophiliacs with HIV transmission to their sexual partners had measurable
      immunologic deficiencies, as shown by their lower median T-helper (CD-4+)
      lymphocyte count of 172 cells/mm3. The hemophiliacs without transmission had a
      slightly higher median CD-4+ count of 297 cells/mm3 (P = .26). To determine if
      factors other than the degree of immunologic deficiency in the hemophiliac might
      contribute to HIV transmission, 18 of the 32 couples were studied more
      intensively by confidential, coded questionnaires. Regular condom use was
      reported by nine couples (50%). Two of nine women (22%) without condom usage
      acquired HIV. One of nine women (11%) using condoms was seropositive; she also
      reported eight needlestick injuries while assisting her spouse with clotting
      factor treatments. Intravenous drug abuse was reported in two of the five couples
      with HIV transmission. Thus, hemophiliacs are at risk for transmitting HIV
      parenterally as well as venereally. Despite various risk behaviours associated
      with HIV transmission, the prevalence of infection in our cohort of hemophiliacs'
      sexual partners is low and within the range (6.8-22%) reported by others. This
      study underscores the need for comprehensive education and counseling in what
      previously appeared to be a homogeneous clinic population at risk for
      transmitting HIV to others.

PMID- 3369435
TI  - DNA damage in intact cells induced by bacterial metabolites of chloramphenicol.
AB  - Four chloramphenicol (CAP) metabolites known to be produced by intestinal
      bacteria were examined with respect to their capacity to induce DNA damage in
      intact cells. The induction of DNA single-strand breaks in Raji cells, activated
      human lymphocytes, and human marrow cells was assayed by the alkaline elution
      technique. One of the four compounds tested, dehydro-CAP, was capable of inducing
      DNA single-strand breaks in all three cell systems at concentrations of 10(-4) M.
      This effect is comparable to that observed previously with nitroso-CAP, the
      nitroreduction intermediate of CAP. The nitroreduction of dehydro-CAP by human
      bone marrow cell homogenate was detected by the production of the corresponding
      amino derivative amounting to 5.6 X 10(-5) M from 2 X 10(-3) M substrate under
      aerobic conditions. In sharp contrast, nitroreduction of CAP by bone marrow could
      not be demonstrated. The genotoxicity of dehydro-CAP, its relative stability
      compared to the nitroso-CAP, and its nitroreducibility by bone marrow suggest
      that this bacterial metabolite of CAP may play a key role as a mediator of
      aplastic anemia in the predisposed host.

PMID- 3369436
TI  - Ehrlichiosis: a cause of bone marrow hypoplasia in humans.
AB  - Infection with Ehrlichia canis should be suspected in patients with fever,
      headache, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a history of recent exposure
      to ticks. The cytopenia is caused by bone marrow hypoplasia which may be severe.
      The disease may be confused with spotless Rocky Mountain spotted fever but can be
      differentiated from this infection serologically with acute and convalescent sea.
      In humans, recovery has occurred with and without antibiotic therapy. However,
      prompt antibiotic therapy is advised prior to serologic studies, especially in
      immunocompromised individuals, splenectomized persons, and patients with AIDS-who
      may develop a more overwhelming rickettsial infection.

PMID- 3369437
TI  - Acute leukemia following treatment of polycythemia vera and essential
      thrombocythemia with uracil mustard.
AB  - Transformation to acute leukemia (AL) is known to occur in polycythemia vera (PV)
      and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Myelosuppressive therapy with agents such as
      32P and alkylating agents increase this risk in both disorders. The alkylating
      agent, uracil mustard (UM), which is an effective agent for controlling
      thrombocytosis, has not been reported to be leukemogenic. We have treated 29
      patients with UM (9 treated continuously and 20 treated intermittently): II with
      PV, 16 with ET, and 2 with myelofibrosis (MF). Three patients developed AL, two
      after continuous therapy. These two patients with PV had received the fourth
      highest and highest total dose of UM, and their duration of treatment was the
      third and fourth longest among the nine patients treated continuously,
      respectively. One out of 20 patients treated intermittently with UM developed AL.
      This patient (3) with ET had received the highest total dose of UM, and her
      duration of treatment was the longest among the 20 patients treated
      intermittently.

PMID- 3369439
TI  - Essential thrombocythemia and pregnancy.

PMID- 3369438
TI  - Characterization of a new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant: G6PD Central
      City.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common disease-producing
      enzyme deficiency in man. This paper describes a new glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase variant discovered during the evaluation of an episode of acute
      hemolytic anemia in a 62-year-old black male, which was temporally related to the
      ingestion of Tolbutamide. The hemolysis resolved within 10 days despite
      continuation of Tolbutamide. The erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
      activity was significantly decreased, and its electrophoretic mobility was
      indistinguishable from wild type enzyme, though faster on starch gel with tris,
      borate, and phosphate buffers. The enzyme had a biphasic pH optimum reduced Km
      for G-6-P and NADP, decreased utilization of deamino-NADP, and reduced Ki for
      NADPH. Because the kinetic properties of this enzyme were unique, we have
      designated it as G6PD Central City.

PMID- 3369440
TI  - Teardrop-shaped red cells in nutritional megaloblastic anaemia.

PMID- 3369441
TI  - Factor XI deficiency: genetic and clinical studies of a single kindred.
AB  - A four-generation 25-member kindred with Factor XI:C deficiency is reported.
      Factor XI:C levels in heterozygotes varied from 15 to 58%, suggesting that Factor
      XI:C values for homozygote determination should be less than 15%. The frequency
      of bleeding was not correlated with Factor XI:C levels in this range. Individuals
      with joint pain had significantly lower Factor XI:C levels than members without
      joint pain and pain occurred more frequently in frequent bleeders. Lod scores
      showed no close genetic linkage of Factor XI:C deficiency with blood group MNSs
      (chromosome 4), complement components Bf and C4B (chromosome 6), or blood group
      P.

PMID- 3369442
TI  - Acute dialysis hypercalcemia and dialysis phosphate loss.
AB  - During maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure, acute
      elevations of the plasma calcium are common, although of doubtful significance.
      Because the mechanisms for this hypercalcemia are unclear, calcium, magnesium,
      and inorganic phosphate mass transfer data was collected during routine
      hemodialysis. While the increase in the plasma calcium did not significantly
      correlate with the gain of calcium from the dialysate nor with the dialysate
      calcium concentration, there was a significant positive correlation between the
      degree of hypercalcemia and the loss of body phosphate (r = 0.66, P less than
      0.05, n = 15). Hemodialysis without ultrafiltration and concomitant
      hemoconcentration depressed the dialysis hypercalcemia by 46% (P less than
      0.001). However, continuous infusion of 33.5 mmol of phosphate during a 5-hour
      dialysis period, which reduced the plasma phosphate fall (1.53 +/- 0.16 to 0.87
      +/- 0.08 mmol/L, P less than 0.01, in the control group; compared with 1.59 +/-
      0.19 to 1.35 +/- 0.11 mmol/L, not significant [NS], in the phosphate infusion
      group) abolished the hypercalcemia (2.38 +/- 0.07 to 2.54 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, P less
      than 0.01, in the control group and 2.39 +/- 0.06 to 2.41 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, NS, in
      the phosphate infusion group). It is suggested that during routine hemodialysis,
      the loss of inorganic phosphate from the body is excessive, and that phosphate as
      well as calcium is released from the intracellular pool in response to the rapid
      fall in the plasma phosphate concentration. Such rapid, repetitive, and excessive
      losses of phosphate, particularly from bone, may be an important cause of renal
      osteodystrophy.

PMID- 3369443
TI  - Pseudomonas peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis: a six-year study.
AB  - In a population of 214 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD), 415 peritoneal infections occurred between 1980 and 1986. Fourteen of
      these infectious events were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.4%). None of
      those patients with P aeruginosa peritonitis were cured by medical therapy alone.
      Peritoneal catheter removal was necessary to achieve resolution of the infection.
      Significant patient morbidity from Pseudomonas infection included loss of
      peritoneal space for further dialysis and abscess formation. Our data suggests
      that prompt catheter removal should be seriously considered for chronic
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients who develop P aeruginosa peritonitis.

PMID- 3369444
TI  - The spectrum of renal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
      hereditaria: report of two cases.
AB  - Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica Hallopeau-Siemens (EBDH) is one of the most
      severe inherited epidermolyses, a group of mechanobullous dermatological
      disorders. We observed two patients presenting with a severely multilating type
      of EBDH who developed biopsy-proven renal disease, which substantially altered
      the evolution and pathogenesis of their disease. In a boy, chronic postinfectious
      glomerulonephritis developed, most probably due to recurring superinfections of
      bullous skin lesions. He also experienced acute oliguric renal failure due to
      severe diarrhea during exacerbation of EBDH. A female patient developed a
      nephrotic syndrome due to secondary amyloidosis. Hypoalbuminemia caused further
      fluid losses through bullous skin lesions, aggravating intravascular hypovolemia
      and leading to rapid renal failure secondary to bilateral renal vein thrombosis.
      The study shows that, although rare, renal complications may alter the natural
      course of EBDH.

PMID- 3369445
TI  - FDA safety alert: chloramine contamination of hemodialysis water supplies.

PMID- 3369446
TI  - A test of the heterozygote-advantage hypothesis in cystic fibrosis carriers.
AB  - We report a test of the hypothesis that the high frequency of cystic fibrosis
      (CF) in Caucasian populations is due to a fertility advantage in CF carriers. One
      hundred forty-three grandparent couples of Utah CF cases were compared with 20
      replicate sets of matched control couples drawn from the Utah Genealogical
      Database. Ascertainment correction, which has not been applied in previous
      studies of CF carrier fertility, was applied to these data. Before ascertainment
      correction was applied, CF carriers appeared to manifest a significant fertility
      advantage over controls. After the correction formula was applied, this
      difference disappeared. Carriers and controls were also compared in terms of the
      length of intervals between births. Again, no significant differences were found.
      It was concluded that fertility differences are unlikely to account for the
      observed Caucasian CF gene frequency. Other mechanisms, particularly a past
      selective event or random genetic drift, are more likely to be responsible.

PMID- 3369447
TI  - Steady-state levels of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase mRNA in lymphoblastoid cell
      lines from patients with familial porphyria cutanea tarda and their relatives.
AB  - Familial porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) results from a generalized deficiency of
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-D) activity. The molecular defect responsible
      for this disorder has not been characterized. To determine whether decreased
      levels of URO-D mRNA are responsible for subnormal URO-D activity, steady-state
      levels of URO-D mRNA in lymphoblastoid cells were determined. Northern blots were
      hybridized with a URO-D cDNA probe and quantified by densitometry. No difference
      in the levels of URO-D mRNA was detected between affected individuals and their
      normal relatives. Thus, the deficiency of URO-D activity in two familial PCT
      pedigrees characterized here does not arise from a deficiency of URO-D mRNA.

PMID- 3369448
TI  - Segregation analysis with uncertain ascertainment: application to Fanconi anemia.
AB  - A Bayesian solution for making inferences about segregation parameters with no
      information about the ascertainment is presented. Inferences about the
      segregation probability and the probability of being sporadic are made through
      the posterior marginal distribution of these parameters after integrating out the
      ascertainment probability, the nuisance parameter. The method was tested with
      real and simulated data and performed well. Original Fanconi anemia data, for
      which no information about the ascertainment was available, were then analyzed,
      with results that confirmed a monogenic autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

PMID- 3369450
TI  - Joint-degree programs and physician dispensing.

PMID- 3369449
TI  - The prevalence of paternity in "one man" cases of disputed parentage.

PMID- 3369451
TI  - Thoughts on two-pharmacist marriages.

PMID- 3369453
TI  - Incomplete information about gluten-containing pharmaceutical products.

PMID- 3369452
TI  - Stability of propranolol hydrochloride suspension and solution.

PMID- 3369454
TI  - Room temperature stability guidelines for carmustine.

PMID- 3369455
TI  - Therapeutic interchange.

PMID- 3369456
TI  - Challenge of AIDS.
AB  - Ethical challenges posed by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are
      described. A small minority of health-care workers are refusing to treat persons
      with AIDS because they fear exposure, and some hospitals known to care for AIDS
      patients are being avoided as sites for training in the health professions. Some
      patients also are avoiding institutions that care for AIDS patients. The United
      States Department of Labor and Department of Health and Human Services have
      issued safety guidelines for health-care workers; the guidelines are intended to
      protect workers and to convince them not to shun AIDS patients. Given the high
      cost of care for AIDS patients, the question of whether the nation can pay for
      the best possible care for every patient must be dealt with. Also, the right of
      an individual to confidentiality must be balanced against risk to the community.
      To deal compassionately and justly with AIDS, courageous leadership and serious
      discussion of ethical issues are needed.

PMID- 3369457
TI  - Economic aspects of clinical decision making: new perspectives.
AB  - New perspectives on the economic aspects of clinical decision making in the
      changing health-care environment are discussed. Economic appraisal of health-care
      delivery offers a mechanism for categorizing choices, assigning priorities, and
      consolidating disparate aspects of a problem into common measures, such as the
      ratio of cost to a desired outcome. While past applications of this technique to
      health care usually considered only one aspect of patient care at a time, the
      importance of examining the entire process of patient-care activities and the
      outcome of that process is now recognized. Clinical decision making should
      transcend traditional boundaries, such as departments, specialty activities, and
      institutions. The methods of optimizing health-care outcome must be incorporated
      into the organization's mission, goals, and reward system. Economic evaluations
      of clinical decision making should incorporate a framework in which choices are
      related to desired outcomes and beneficial situations. The challenges lie in
      defining overall measures of health-care provision and developing management
      information systems reflecting these patient-care objectives and desired
      outcomes.

PMID- 3369458
TI  - Economic aspects of clinical decision making: evaluating clinical programs.
AB  - The importance of program evaluation is discussed, and issues to consider when
      designing and conducting program evaluations in the restructuring health-care
      environment are identified. Program evaluation is carried out for the purpose of
      supporting specific decisions for individual organizations. Unlike scientific
      research, program evaluation accepts time as a constraint, and its audience is
      composed of managers. Considering the likelihood of being fixed-dollar
      contractors or employees in an era of managed care, professionals must try to
      understand the cost objectives of management; similarly, managers must understand
      the patient-care objectives of professionals. Program evaluation can help provide
      the necessary documentation of a program's impact on the outcome of health care,
      which influences the total cost of care. Successful program evaluation requires
      careful planning, and issues related to six steps in the planning process are
      described: defining the objective of the evaluation, choosing and defining the
      program to be evaluated, choosing indicator variables, designing the evaluation,
      presenting the results, and planning follow-through. While program evaluation is
      too often understood in negative terms, particularly as something done because of
      external pressure, it is as much a part of management as is directing day-to-day
      operations or developing a long-range plan.

PMID- 3369459
TI  - Opinions of pharmacy, medicine, and pharmaceutical industry leaders about
      hypothetical therapeutic-interchange legislation.
AB  - The beliefs of representatives of organized pharmacy and medicine and the
      pharmaceutical industry about the effect of hypothetical therapeutic-interchange
      legislation on various health-care issues were studied. Questionnaires designed
      to gauge respondents' beliefs about the impact of two hypothetical bills (A and
      B) concerning selection of therapeutic alternates by pharmacists were mailed to
      the directors of 307 organizations in April 1986. Bill A would permit pharmacists
      in any setting to select therapeutic alternates. Bill B would permit therapeutic
      interchange by pharmacists within organized health-care settings in accordance
      with guidelines approved by physicians. Issues addressed included the efficient
      delivery of health care, professional liability, interprofessional and pharmacist
      patient relationships, and competition and profitability in the pharmaceutical
      industry. The response rate was 63% (194 usable responses). Bill A received some
      support from representatives of state pharmaceutical associations only. However,
      bill B was supported by respondents from state pharmaceutical associations, state
      hospital pharmacy societies, boards of pharmacy, and generic manufacturers.
      Respondents from medical associations and member companies of the Pharmaceutical
      Manufacturers Association (PMA) were concerned about the impact of the
      hypothetical bills on the quality of drug therapy and the efficiency of health
      care delivery. Respondents from medical associations also were concerned about
      the impact of the bills on physician liability. The responses from the medical
      associations and the PMA-member companies suggest that a program should be
      developed to educate physicians about the process used by pharmacists and
      physicians to develop guidelines for therapeutic interchange in various practice
      settings.

PMID- 3369460
TI  - Current and future delegation of pharmacy activities to technicians in Tennessee.
AB  - Pharmacists in charge of community and institutional pharmacies in Tennessee were
      surveyed to identify which activities they currently delegate to technicians and
      which activities they might consider delegating in the future. Survey
      questionnaires were mailed to all pharmacists-in-charge registered with the board
      of pharmacy. Respondents were asked to indicate which of 38 listed pharmacy
      activities were currently delegated to technicians and which currently
      undelegated activities would be delegated in the future if legal and policy
      barriers were removed and if technician training programs were available.
      Respondents also ranked six types of technician training programs in order of
      preference and were asked whether they thought technicians should receive
      official recognition through certification or licensure. A total of 947
      questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 62%. Of the 24 activities
      that were delegated by significantly different numbers of pharmacists in
      community and institutional settings, 23 were delegated more frequently by
      institutional pharmacists. Activities related to drug therapy were delegated
      least frequently by either group, although community pharmacists delegated the
      task of recommending nonprescription drugs more often than did institutional
      pharmacists. If barriers were removed and training programs were available, more
      pharmacists would delegate activities to technicians than currently do. Most
      respondents preferred a formal, in-house training program for technicians; more
      than 65% of pharmacists favored certification of technicians. Pharmacists in
      Tennessee currently delegate a number of activities to technicians, and more
      pharmacists would do so if barriers toward technician use were removed and if
      more trained technicians were available.

PMID- 3369461
TI  - Attitudes of house physicians concerning various antibiotic-use control programs.
AB  - Medical and surgical house physicians at three teaching hospitals with different
      antibiotic control programs (ACPs) were surveyed to determine their attitudes
      about and preferences for these programs. Questionnaires were mailed to resident
      physicians who had trained at all three hospitals. One hospital had no antibiotic
      prescribing policy (open prescribing), one employed an infectious-disease
      physician consultant who discussed antibiotic orders for certain reserved drugs
      with prescribing physicians but did not otherwise restrict access to the drugs
      (educational ACP), and the third hospital required approval of an infectious
      disease physician for dispensing of reserved drugs by the pharmacy department
      (restrictive ACP). The survey response was 77% after one follow-up mailing to
      nonrespondents. Regardless of hospital type, physicians preferred the educational
      ACP to either open prescribing or the restrictive ACP. Based on personal
      experiences, significantly fewer physicians encountered patient-care problems
      with the educational ACP than with either open antibiotic prescribing or the
      restrictive ACP. Significantly more physicians perceived that the educational ACP
      was more beneficial for patient antibiotic therapy and will be more beneficial
      for future antibiotic prescribing than the restrictive ACP. Most respondents
      believed that ACPs save hospitals money, that ACPs can be implemented without
      compromising either patient care or physician performance, and that they would
      encounter similar ACPs in the future. Educational ACPs should be considered at
      teaching hospitals with interested infectious-disease consultants.

PMID- 3369462
TI  - Interdisciplinary committee on infusion-control devices: containing related
      product costs.
AB  - A program for decreasing expenditures for i.v. sets and related items at a 530
      bed university teaching hospital is described. A multidisciplinary committee
      originally formed to evaluate infusion-control devices (ICDs) developed a cost
      containment strategy for reducing the number of accessories and amount of
      equipment used in i.v. therapy and for reducing inappropriate use of these items.
      Major problems identified in an audit were excessive use of secondary sets;
      inappropriate use of add-on flow-control devices, extension sets, and metered
      chamber sets; and use of the wrong type of i.v. set with ICDs. New procedural
      guidelines, inservice-education programs, evaluation of new and different i.v.
      products, and increased enforcement of policies and procedures by the pharmacy
      department were implemented to address these problems. For fiscal year 1986, the
      bid process for i.v. equipment was divided into 10 sections so that manufacturers
      who may not have been able to bid on every item could bid only on individual
      sections if they desired. A follow-up audit six months after implementation of
      the strategy showed increased compliance with guidelines for use of i.v. sets and
      devices. Compared with the previous year, data for fiscal year 1986 showed total
      savings of $142,223 attributable to decreased use of i.v. equipment. The
      competitive-bid process saved $54,942; the total amount saved was $197,165. The
      trend of appropriate use as a result of adherence to the guidelines continued
      through fiscal year 1987. This multidisciplinary cost-containment approach was
      effective in reducing expenditures for i.v. sets and equipment.

PMID- 3369463
TI  - Interdisciplinary committee on infusion-control devices: evaluating new products.
AB  - Evaluation and selection of volumetric infusion-control devices (ICDs) by an
      interdisciplinary committee in a university teaching hospital is described. The
      committee, which was originally formed to evaluate problems with the existing
      system of ICD management, determined that the ICDs in use at the hospital were
      outdated. After gathering information on the types of ICDs available and
      identifying options for replacing the existing equipment, the committee decided
      to replace some of the devices with new volumetric ICDs. A six-page evaluation
      form was mailed to ICD manufacturers, and representatives from 16 manufacturers
      were invited to demonstrate their devices to the committee members. Five
      manufacturers were then invited to participate in a two-week, inhouse comparative
      trial, during which the devices were objectively evaluated by nurses, the
      bioinstrumentation department, and the ICD committee. The results of that
      evaluation were used to construct bid specifications. The decision of which ICDs
      to purchase was based on cost factors and the degree to which the devices met the
      specifications. The use of a multidisciplinary committee to evaluate and select
      new ICDs was an effective strategy. The devices that were purchased represented
      improvements in patient safety and cost-effectiveness.

PMID- 3369464
TI  - Personnel time and preparation costs for compounded versus premixed intravenous
      admixtures in three community hospitals.
AB  - Personnel time requirements and costs associated with the ordering, preparation,
      and administration of manually compounded versus premixed i.v. admixtures were
      determined at three for-profit community hospitals. The three hospitals, all
      owned by one corporation, ranged in size from 160 to 239 beds. At each hospital,
      pharmacists or technicians manually compounded admixtures in glass bottles or
      plastic bags. Work flow descriptions of the activities involved in the
      preparation and administration of admixtures were created, and time-motion and
      work-sampling techniques were used to observe three to five pharmacists or
      technicians in each hospital over a seven-day period. Drug waste also was
      monitored. At the conclusion of the baseline study, each hospital switched to the
      premixed products that they had chosen to evaluate; admixtures of cefazolin
      sodium, cefoxitin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, and potassium chloride were
      available. After a two-week acclimation period, the seven-day study was repeated.
      Average total labor time ranged from 5.6 to 9.1 minutes per compounded admixture
      to 4.1 to 7.7 minutes per premixed admixture. The percentage of total labor time
      devoted to compounding, delivering, stocking, and other physical handling of
      materials decreased by 64% for admixtures of gentamicin or potassium chloride and
      by 67% for admixtures of cefazolin or cefoxitin. The average reduction in annual
      costs for accessories, labor time, wasted drugs, and inventory at each hospital
      was +15,000. Additional savings were realized from overall lower acquisition
      costs for the premixed products at the study hospitals. The use of premixed i.v.
      admixtures reduced preparation time and labor and material costs in three small-
      and medium-sized community hospitals.

PMID- 3369465
TI  - Compatibility of premixed theophylline and verapamil intravenous admixtures.
AB  - The stability of verapamil hydrochloride injection when mixed with a commercial
      product of premixed theophylline in 5% dextrose injection was studied. Solutions
      containing theophylline in concentrations of 4.0 and 0.4 mg/mL were used.
      Verapamil hydrochloride was added to each theophylline solution to produce final
      verapamil concentrations of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL. Each admixture was prepared
      in triplicate, and samples were kept at room temperature in glass. Immediately
      after mixing and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, samples were visually inspected,
      tested for pH, filtered, and assayed in duplicate by high-performance liquid
      chromatography for theophylline and verapamil concentrations. Control solutions
      containing only one of the two drugs were also tested. No visual changes were
      observed. The addition of the verapamil hydrochloride injection to the
      theophylline in 5% dextrose injection resulted in decreased mean pH values of
      4.29 and 4.37 for all solutions compared with 4.80 and 4.90 for the verapamil
      control samples at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.1 mg/mL. These values did not vary
      significantly throughout the study period. Theophylline and verapamil
      concentrations did not change significantly compared with baseline or control
      solutions during the study period. Verapamil hydrochloride injection in final
      concentrations of 0.1 to 0.4 mg/mL can be added to a commercial preparation of
      premixed theophylline in 5% dextrose injection in concentrations of 0.4 to 4.0
      mg/mL and administered intravenously within 24 hours of mixing without loss of
      potency of either drug.

PMID- 3369466
TI  - Design and implementation of a cost-accounting system in hospital pharmacy.
AB  - The design and implementation of a cost-accounting system in a hospital pharmacy
      department is described. Pharmacy resource use (labor, drugs, supplies, and
      overhead), or pharmacy's intermediate products, was clearly defined in terms of
      dosage forms (10 groupings representing variable labor and supplies) and drug
      products (more than 100 categories that incorporate cost and volume of use for
      3000 line items). Costs were defined as variable or nonvariable (fixed), based on
      whether they were related to a specific medication order. Labor was divided into
      variable and fixed components. Time standards were developed using time and
      motion studies. Variable labor hours were determined as follows: specified hours
      (the volume of each dosage form multiplied by the standard time for each dosage
      form); nonspecified hours (time not directly associated with production); hours
      worked (specified plus nonspecified hours); and hours paid (hours worked plus
      sick leave and vacation). A standard cost for each drug product was based on the
      weighted average of volume and cost of the individual line items. The total drug
      budget was constructed by multiplying the standard cost for each drug product
      times the projected volume for each drug product. The pharmacy budget was
      developed by calculating the number and mix of pharmacy products used in
      association with the projected number and type of cases for the fiscal year. The
      monthly pharmacy budget reports were assembled with data from the payroll,
      billing, and cost-accounting systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369467
TI  - Documenting the activities of clinical pharmacists.

PMID- 3369468
TI  - Number and costs of drugs prescribed for members of various age groups in a
      health maintenance organization.

PMID- 3369470
TI  - Developing a videocassette program for pharmacy education.
AB  - The development of a videocassette program to educate pharmacists about
      congestive heart failure (CHF) is described. The CHF videocassette program was
      developed to provide the equivalent of four hours of instruction to pharmacists
      in continuing-education programs or Pharm.D. degree programs. CHF was chosen as
      the topic because it is a common medical problem that pharmacists likely would
      encounter, and the material would lend itself well to visual illustration. A
      program-development team consisting of a pharmacist-author, an educational-design
      specialist, and a writer-producer was established. The group dealt first with
      treatment of ideas, or discussions of ways in which the educational material
      could best be illustrated. The pharmacist-author developed the text for the
      program, and the writer-producer converted the text into a script with numbered
      scenes. Information that could be presented more appropriately in written format
      was gathered into a supplemental guidebook. A storyboard script that linked the
      text with the audio and visual elements was developed with the help of a
      professional director and medical illustrator, and the program was filmed using
      volunteer and professional actors as well as simple animation. The program
      comprises two videocassettes that are 40 and 44 minutes long, respectively. The
      estimated cost of the production was +28,000, which includes estimates of the
      value of time volunteered by the pharmacist-author, educational-design
      specialist, nonprofessional talent, and secretaries. The program has been used
      for six continuing-education programs and two classes of Pharm.D. students;
      subjective evaluations of the program have been favorable. Videocassette
      technology can be applied successfully to educational programs for
      pharmacists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369469
TI  - Incompatibility of ifosfamide with benzyl-alcohol-preserved bacteriostatic water
      for injection.

PMID- 3369471
TI  - AIDS and the caregiver: the meaning of professionalism.

PMID- 3369472
TI  - Preferred providers.

PMID- 3369473
TI  - Survival in a community hospital dialysis center.
AB  - The survival experience of 213 patients with end-stage renal disease treated over
      a 10-year period in a community hospital dialysis center is the focus of the
      study. Statistical assessments of the effects of risk factors and alternative
      treatment modalities on patient survival are made using survival functions and
      proportional hazards regression models. Comparisons of the data base and the main
      results with those of previous published reports are presented. A key result is
      our finding of improved survival since the introduction of a continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis program in 1980. This result is discussed in some
      detail.

PMID- 3369474
TI  - Effects of keto acid supplements on renal function and histology in azotemic rats
      fed high-protein diets.
AB  - The mechanism by which keto-acid-supplemented diets may retard the progression of
      renal failure is not known. We examined whether the protective effect of keto
      acids may be independent of a low nitrogen intake. Azotemic subtotally
      nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed a 30% casein diet supplemented
      with a 10% keto acid mixture (n = 10) or 10% cornstarch (n = 10) for 18 weeks. No
      differences were observed between the two groups of rats with regard to survival,
      weight gain, plasma urea, blood pressure, albuminuria, or, at the termination of
      the study, PAH and inulin clearances. Creatinine clearances, measured weekly
      during the study, were transiently higher in the keto acid group. There was no
      difference in the incidence or severity of segmental glomerulosclerosis or
      tubular atrophy in the two groups. These results indicate that the keto acid
      mixture used did not exert a protective effect against glomerular sclerosis and
      progressive albuminuria in azotemic rats fed high-protein diets.

PMID- 3369476
TI  - Effective peritoneal dialysis in an infant with extensive resection of the small
      intestine.
AB  - Acute renal failure and pulmonary edema developed in a 1-month-old baby with
      necrotizing enterocolitis and hypovolemic shock. Following resection of 93% of
      her small intestine and mesentery, peritoneal dialysis was started; it was
      terminated 96 h later with complete recovery of renal and pulmonary functions.
      Two weeks later, while on total parenteral nutrition, the infant developed
      fulminant septicemia and died. Postmortem examination showed normal kidneys.
      Surface measurement of the abdominal wall and viscera revealed that the actual
      peritoneal surface area of the patient was 671 cm2, only 44% of her calculated
      normal peritoneal surface area. We conclude that effective peritoneal dialysis is
      feasible in infants with acute renal failure even after marked reduction of the
      peritoneal surface area.

PMID- 3369475
TI  - Effects of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on hormonal evaluation of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Different hormonal parameters are studied in a pregnant woman with chronic renal
      failure undergoing hemodialysis. Serum concentrations of human chorionic
      gonadotropin, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, human
      placental lactogen were all higher than the normal range. This is probably
      related to a decreased metabolic clearance rate of these hormones.
      Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), which is low before pregnancy and during
      the first week of gestation, tends to increase later. Serum estradiol is lower
      than the normal range. This decrease probably results from the low concentration
      of DHEAS available to placental aromatization. Finally, pregnancy-specific beta 1
      glycoprotein concentration follows the normal range and may be considered as the
      most reliable parameters to evaluate the fetoplacental well-being in these high
      risk pregnancies.

PMID- 3369477
TI  - Protein contents of cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 3369478
TI  - A simple method for the diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome by use of a self
      assessment disk.
AB  - A diagnostic disk based on the obstetric calculator was developed for the self
      assessment of menstrual cycle symptoms. The instrument, called the PMT-Cator
      (Rocket of London, Watford, England) can be used to monitor five symptoms for up
      to 6 weeks. A set of simple calculations are described inside the disk to
      determine whether the symptom scores are suggestive of premenstrual syndrome.
      Results of the PMT-Cator correlate well with those of more complex analysis. The
      PMT-Cator may have other uses as well.

PMID- 3369479
TI  - Adnexal mass occurring with intrauterine pregnancy: report of fifty-four patients
      requiring laparotomy for definitive management.
AB  - Fifty-four cases in which surgical intervention during pregnancy was required for
      definitive therapy of adnexal masses were reviewed. The calculated incidence of
      adnexal masses that required surgical intervention during pregnancy in our
      primary population (patients who were not referred for evaluation of an already
      identified mass) was one case per 1300 live births. A malignant tumor was found
      in 5.9% of the pregnant patients who underwent exploratory celiotomy for therapy
      of an adnexal mass. Those pregnant women who underwent emergency celiotomy
      because of hemorrhage or torsion as a complication of an adnexal mass
      spontaneously aborted or underwent premature delivery more frequently than those
      patients who underwent elective celiotomy for removal of the mass (p less than
      0.001). On the basis of this review, we recommend that pregnant women with
      persistent adnexal masses undergo elective extirpation of the mass in the second
      trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3369480
TI  - Grand multiparity: an obstetric or neonatal risk factor?
AB  - Grand multiparity has been considered to be a factor in maternal and neonatal
      morbidity. In addition, families with seven or more children have been associated
      with low socioeconomic status. To minimize the confounding effect of the
      socioeconomic status, the outcome of grand multiparity has been investigated in a
      mostly homogeneous, ultraorthodox Jewish community in Jerusalem, Israel. A total
      of 5916 deliveries in one community hospital (Bikur Cholim) were studied, of
      which 893 (13%) occurred in mothers who had given birth to seven or more infants.
      There was a significant decrease in the incidence of small for gestational age
      infants among the grand multiparous women (3.6% as opposed to 5.8% in the control
      population). This difference was independent of maternal age. Moreover, grand
      multiparous women gave birth to significantly more large for gestational age
      infants. No increase in obstetric complications or neonatal morbidity and
      mortality was found among the offspring of the grand multiparous mothers. Having
      taken socioeconomic status into account, we conclude that grand multiparity does
      not carry an increased risk of perinatal morbidity or mortality.

PMID- 3369481
TI  - Diaphragm insertion increases human vaginal oxygen tension.
AB  - The normal insertion of a contraceptive diaphragm into the vagina of five young
      women induced a dramatic increase in the vaginal oxygen tension (131 +/- 13 mm
      Hg, mean +/- SD, n = 5), which slowly fell at an initial rate of 0.9 +/- 0.2 mm
      Hg/min. Withdrawal of the diaphragm immediately restored vaginal oxygen tension
      to the normal hypoxic state (11 +/- 12 mm Hg). The change in gaseous equilibrium
      created by the trapped air of the diaphragm could have significant actions on the
      microbial activity and balance of the vagina.

PMID- 3369482
TI  - Vaginismus and vaginal tears.
AB  - We present a case of vaginismus in which Cusco's bivalve speculum was used to
      exclude vaginal and cervical warts and to obtain the first cervical smear for
      this patient. This procedure has resulted in bilateral vaginal tears and a blood
      loss of 1,000 ml.

PMID- 3369483
TI  - Labor and infection. II. Bacterial endotoxin in amniotic fluid and its
      relationship to the onset of preterm labor.
AB  - We have previously reported the detection of endotoxin in the amniotic fluid of
      patients with gram-negative intraamniotic infection. Endotoxin or
      lipopolysaccharide is a potent biologic product capable of inducing prostaglandin
      release from several cell types and, therefore, may be involved in the onset of
      human parturition in the presence of intraamniotic infection. This article
      describes a technique for the quantification of endotoxin in amniotic fluid. The
      method uses a computer-assisted quantification of the turbidimetric reaction
      between the Limulus amebocyte lysate and endotoxin. Serial dilutions of
      Escherichia coli endotoxin in culture-negative amniotic fluid were prepared, and
      the samples were run in the assay. Amniotic fluid was found to enhance the
      reaction, and a dilution of 1:20 was required for this biologic fluid to behave
      similarly to pyrogen-free water. The sensitivity of this kinetic turbidimetric
      technique in the detection of endotoxin in amniotic fluid was 40 pg/ml. This
      method was applied to the quantification of endotoxin concentration in amniotic
      fluid in 26 patients with intraamniotic infection and premature rupture of
      membranes. Patients in active labor had higher concentrations of endotoxin
      (median = 47,514 pg/ml) than nonlaboring patients (median = 635 pg/ml) (p less
      than 0.025). Therefore, women with preterm labor had a higher median
      concentration of endotoxin in amniotic fluid than patients who were not in labor.

PMID- 3369484
TI  - Sonographic assessment of the fetal frontal lobe: a potential tool for prenatal
      diagnosis of microcephaly.
AB  - A prospective ultrasound evaluation of 150 normal pregnant women was conducted
      between 15 and 40 weeks' gestation. A variety of biometric measurements were
      obtained that included measurements of the frontal lobe distance (the anterior
      edge of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles to the frontal bone) and the
      thalamic frontal lobe distance (measured from the posterior edge of the thalami
      to the frontal bone). Analysis of these data revealed a high degree of
      correlation between the gestational age and the frontal lobe distance (R2 = 0.89,
      p less than 0.0001), and between the gestational age and thalamic frontal lobe
      distance (R2 = 0.93, p less than 0.0001). Similarly, a high degree of correlation
      was also found between the biparietal diameter and the frontal lobe distance (R2
      = 0.95; p less than 0.0001), between the biparietal diameter and the thalamic
      frontal lobe distance (R2 = 0.90, p less than 0.0001), and between the frontal
      lobe distance and the thalamic frontal lobe distance (R2 = 0.92, p less than
      0.0001). The relationships between femur length and frontal lobe distance (R2 =
      0.89, p less than 0.0001) and between the femur length and the thalamic frontal
      lobe distance (R2 = 0.945, p less than 0.0001) were also evaluated. Nomograms for
      the relationships between gestational age and frontal lobe distance and thalamic
      frontal lobe distance were generated and included the mean +/- SD and the
      percentile distributions. Growth of the frontal lobe was best described by a
      first-degree linear equation. The results of this study demonstrate the pattern
      of growth of the frontal lobe and the high rate of correlation between growth of
      the frontal lobe and the gestational age and the biparietal diameter. These
      findings offer a potential method by which the decreasing size of the frontal
      lobe, as shown in three cases described herein, can be evaluated prenatally and
      thus serve as a useful tool in the prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly.

PMID- 3369485
TI  - Clinical evaluation of ovarian tumor antigen NB/70K: monoclonal antibody assays
      for distinguishing ovarian cancer from other gynecologic disease.
AB  - Circulating human ovarian tumor antigen NB/70K levels were assessed with four
      monoclonal antibody radioimmunoassays. A total of 844 blood samples from patients
      with ovarian cancer and gynecologic control subjects was evaluated to determine
      the specificity of each of the four assays for ovarian cancer. It was determined
      that the mean and percent positivity for patients with ovarian cancer were
      significantly higher than those values for all control groups. When clinical
      parameters of the patients with ovarian cancer were examined, it was found that
      NB/70K appeared to be elevated in patients with all of the pathologic types of
      early stage, low-grade epithelial ovarian cancers studied. One of the four
      radioimmunoassays (the NB12123 assay) was capable of detecting elevated blood
      NB/70K levels in greater than 50% of patients with early stage ovarian
      malignancies. The NB12123 assay was also able to detect NB/70K in the blood of
      45% (9 of 20) of patients with stage I, well-differentiated ovarian cancer. These
      results indicate that NB/70K may be a useful marker for the early detection of
      localized tumors as well as for monitoring patients with ovarian cancer, as has
      been demonstrated previously. In addition, NB/70K appears to be a marker for all
      stages, grades, and pathologic types of human ovarian epithelial tumors.

PMID- 3369486
TI  - Factors predisposing to difficult labor in primiparas.
AB  - Why do some women have difficult labor whereas other women have relatively easy
      labor? A study of possible predisposing factors was conducted in 398 and 383
      primiparas admitted for uncomplicated spontaneous labor at two hospitals.
      Psychosocial factors, notably anxiety about childbirth, and physical factors,
      especially maternal height and body mass index, were measured before the onset of
      labor. Difficult labor was defined in primiparas admitted to the hospital for
      spontaneous uncomplicated labor as (1) prolonged labor that was longer than 15
      hours from admission until full dilation with vaginal delivery or (2) cesarean
      section. Anxiety about childbirth as self-reported before the onset of labor did
      not predispose to difficult labor at either hospital. Short height and heavy body
      mass index predisposed to difficult labor. Further work is needed to elucidate
      psychosocial factors predisposing to difficult labor.

PMID- 3369487
TI  - Vaginal birth after cesarean section: results of a multicenter study.
AB  - Cesarean section is now the most frequently performed major operation in the
      United States. Nearly one out of every four American babies is delivered by this
      operation. "Elective repeat" has become the most common indication for cesarean
      section. Although the safety of vaginal birth after cesarean section has been
      documented in several recent publications, automatic repeat cesarean section
      remains the rule in this country. We present one of the largest series of trial
      of labor ever reported. Of 57,553 live births, 4929 (8.6%) were of women with
      prior cesarean sections. Among 1776 patients who underwent a trial of labor, 1314
      (74%) delivered vaginally. There was no maternal or perinatal mortality related
      to uterine scar rupture. Thus during the study period 1314 major operations were
      avoided. We conclude that, for the vast majority of women, allowing a trial of
      labor is a safe alternative to automatic elective repeat cesarean section.

PMID- 3369488
TI  - Attempted suicide and pregnancy.
AB  - Women who attempted suicides who were pregnant did not differ from nonpregnant
      women who attempted suicide in measures of depression, hopelessness, or suicidal
      intent. Three themes were noted in the pregnant women who attempted suicide:
      prior loss of children (by miscarriage, adoption, or death), potential loss of
      their lover, and the desire for an abortion.

PMID- 3369489
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of asplenia/polysplenia syndrome.
AB  - Complex congenital heart disease with atrioventricular block was detected
      prenatally in two fetuses at 34 and 28 weeks' gestation. The spleen was not seen
      on ultrasonographic examination in either fetus, suggesting polysplenia/asplenia
      syndrome. Both infants died shortly after delivery and the autopsies confirmed
      this diagnosis. Recommendations for sonographic screening of the fetal spleen in
      cases of prenatal detection of complex heart disease or cardiac dysrhythmia are
      discussed.

PMID- 3369490
TI  - Psychological correlates of differential infertility diagnosis in an in vitro
      fertilization program.
AB  - We describe a study designed to assess the role of infertility diagnosis in
      differentiating participants in an in vitro fertilization program on
      psychological variables. Three hundred forty-eight in vitro fertilization
      candidates representative of five diagnostic categories (tubal problems,
      endometriosis, male factor, multiple factors, and idiopathic) underwent
      psychological assessment before entering the in vitro fertilization program.
      Measures of personality functioning, depression, anxiety, social support, coping
      ability, and marital adjustment were obtained. Analyses revealed significant
      differences among diagnostic groups on several psychological measures. As well,
      candidates were categorized as having either organic or functional (idiopathic)
      infertility, and analyses revealed several differences between these two groups.
      Results suggest ways of providing individualized psychological support in vitro
      fertilization participants.

PMID- 3369491
TI  - Tubal occlusion as a result of retained ectopic pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - During a laparoscopic examination for infertility, a retained ectopic pregnancy
      was unexpectedly found occluding the fallopian tube. This case report raises
      concerns that observant management and medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy may
      lead to intratubal retention of and occlusion by chorionic tissue.

PMID- 3369492
TI  - Vesical endometriosis after cesarean section.
AB  - A case of endometriosis of the bladder after cesarean section, presenting as
      secondary dysmenorrhea, is described. The clinical features and treatment of
      vesical endometriosis are discussed.

PMID- 3369493
TI  - Endometriosis developing during tamoxifen therapy.
AB  - Tamoxifen has recently been suggested as treatment for endometriosis. We report a
      patient who developed endometriosis after starting tamoxifen therapy for benign
      breast disease.

PMID- 3369494
TI  - A dynamic test of hormonal sensitivity of gynecologic malignancy by use of an
      antiestrogen, tamoxifen.
AB  - To assess the hormonal sensitivity of tumors, progestin receptor levels in the
      tumor were monitored before and after tamoxifen, 40 mg/day for 7 days in patients
      with various gynecologic malignancies. Tamoxifen induced progestin receptors in
      two of eight-cases of endometrial cancer, four of eight cases of cervical
      epidermoid cancer, and two of seven cases of cervical adenocarcinoma. Induction
      of progestin receptors did not occur in one case of uterine mixed mullerian tumor
      and there were no measured progestin receptors after tamoxifen treatment in three
      cases of ovarian cancer and in one case of benign ovarian tumor. Because
      induction of progestin receptors is the best-documented response of estrogen
      target cells to estrogenic stimuli, this induction of progestin receptor with
      tamoxifen may be considered to indicate the estrogen sensitivity of a tumor.
      Further study is warranted to determine whether hormonal sensitivity assessed by
      the use of tamoxifen might serve to select tumors likely to respond to hormonal
      therapy.

PMID- 3369495
TI  - Central hemodynamic alterations in amniotic fluid embolism.
AB  - Amniotic fluid embolism is an uncommon but devastating obstetric emergency. We
      report hemodynamic data derived from pulmonary artery catheterization in four
      previously unpublished cases of amniotic fluid embolism syndrome. These findings
      confirm a recently published reinterpretation of the central hemodynamics of this
      condition.

PMID- 3369496
TI  - Urinary undiversion and pregnancy.
AB  - The case reports of two pregnant patients with myelodysplasia who had previously
      undergone ileocecal cystoplasty are presented. Obstetric and urologic
      complications of urinary diversion with or without subsequent undiversion are
      discussed.

PMID- 3369497
TI  - A prospective self-controlled study of fertility after second-trimester
      prostaglandin-induced abortion.
AB  - One hundred forty women whose pregnancies were terminated in the second trimester
      with prostaglandins because of suspected fetal disease have been prospectively
      followed to assess their subsequent fertility. In six instances difficulties had
      been experienced in conceiving the pregnancy that was terminated. Since abortion
      104 women have conceived, 97% within 24 months of abortion but in five instances
      after some delay. Only one woman had not succeeded in conceiving a wished-for
      pregnancy. There were no apparent differences in abortion management between
      those women readily conceiving and those in whom there was some delay, although
      termination because of chromosomal reasons or anatomic abnormalities was less
      commonly followed by another pregnancy as compared with those terminated for
      rubella or other viral infections. Reduced fertility after a late prostaglandin
      induced abortion thus appears to be very infrequent.

PMID- 3369498
TI  - Elevated 7B2 levels during normal human pregnancy.
AB  - In a cross-sectional study the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive 7B2, a
      novel protein originally isolated from the pituitary gland, was measured in 60
      healthy pregnant and postpartum women. The mean circulating concentration of 7B2
      immunoreactive equivalents was found to be significantly increased throughout
      pregnancy (10 to 12 weeks, 52.2 +/- 13.1 pmol/L; 20 to 22 weeks, 74.4 +/- 20.1
      pmol/L; 30 to 32 weeks, 56.0 +/- 12.9 pmol/L; and 36 to 40 weeks, 85.7 +/- 13.6
      pmol/L) when compared with a group of 32 age-matched nonpregnant controls (19.7
      +/- 5.0 pmol/L); (p less than 0.01). The highest 7B2 plasma concentrations were
      found shortly before delivery (36 to 40 weeks) and fell sharply after birth,
      returning to normal within 4 to 6 weeks. Fetal plasma from both umbilical artery
      and vein was found to have particularly high concentrations of 7B2-like
      immunoreactivity (396 +/- 19 and 361 +/- 24 pmol/L, respectively), and 7B2 was
      extractable from the placenta. Chromatographic analysis of plasma and tissue
      extracts showed the main peak of immunoreactivity to coincide with that
      originally described in the pituitary gland. Although the function of 7B2 is at
      present unknown, our data suggest that 7B2 immunoreactivity in fetal blood
      originates from the fetus and may play an important role in pregnancy.

PMID- 3369500
TI  - Fetal death after successful conversion of fetal supraventricular tachycardia
      with digoxin and verapamil.
AB  - A case of nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with a supraventricular
      tachycardia was successfully treated with digoxin and verapamil. After resolution
      of the hydropic changes, however, the fetus unexplainedly died. Side effects from
      the drug therapy may have been responsible for the event.

PMID- 3369499
TI  - Permeability of placenta to inulin.
AB  - Inulin was administered to eight volunteer patients at term gestation over a
      period of 3 hours before cesarean section. Inulin concentrations were repeatedly
      measured in maternal plasma, in fetal plasma, and in amniotic fluid at the time
      of delivery. Total inulin uptake of the conceptus was taken to be the sum of the
      inulin in the amniotic fluid and in the newborn infant. Amniotic fluid volumes
      were measured by ultrasound examination, and the distribution volume of inulin in
      the neonate was assumed to be 180 ml/kg on the basis of animal experiments. The
      mean permeability was 0.15 microliter/(s.g) placenta. This value and the
      previously measured permeability for cyanocobalamin delimit a range of molecular
      weights from 1350 to 5200 daltons. In this range permeability to lipid-insoluble
      molecules is roughly proportional to the coefficients of free diffusion in water
      without further discrimination of molecular size by the placental barrier.

PMID- 3369501
TI  - Predicting postoperative urinary incontinence development in women undergoing
      operation for genitourinary prolapse.
AB  - A total of 67 female patients with pelvic relaxation (cystocele beyond the
      vaginal orifice) and with no urinary incontinence were clinically and
      urodynamically evaluated before and after a reconstructive surgical procedure. Of
      these, 24 patients had a significant decrease in abdominal pressure transmission
      to the urethra once the cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal
      pressure transmission ratio to urethra: bladder of less than 1.0). All 24 had a
      revised Pereyra procedure in addition to the cystocele repair. The other 43
      patients had adequate abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra once the
      cystocele was reduced by vaginal pessary (abdominal pressure transmission ratio
      to urethra: bladder of greater than or equal to 1.0). These 43 patients underwent
      cystocele repair only with no surgical repair to the urethra or urethrovesical
      junction. Evaluation was repeated at 3 to 6 months after the operation. No
      patient developed urinary incontinence after operation. All 67 patients had
      urodynamically good abdominal pressure transmission to the urethra while
      coughing. Women with significant genitourinary prolapse may be continent in spite
      of a weak urethral sphincter because of kinking of the poorly supported urethra.
      Urodynamic testing can identify those women at risk of developing postoperative
      urinary incontinence so that prophylactic measures can be undertaken.

PMID- 3369502
TI  - A case report of destructive mole after uterine rupture.
AB  - We describe a patient 17 weeks pregnant whose complaints were diagnosed as acute
      abdomen. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and uterine rupture
      was found with, surprisingly, a live fetus. Pathologic examination indicated
      destructive mole.

PMID- 3369503
TI  - Post-cesarean section cecal volvulus.
AB  - Cecal volvulus after cesarean section is rare. Symptoms include abdominal pain,
      nausea, vomiting, constipation, cystic abdominal mass, and high-pitched bowel
      sounds. Abdominal x-ray photography is often diagnostic, revealing a dilated
      cecum with a single fluid level and distended loops of small bowel. The main
      differentiating factors in post-cesarean large bowel distention are sigmoid
      volvulus and pseudo-obstruction of the colon. Treatment should accomplish
      derotation, decompression, and anchoring to prevent recurrence.

PMID- 3369504
TI  - A rat model for the study of intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - An intrauterine growth retardation model was surgically created in pregnant rats
      by partial occlusion of the uterine artery in midhorn. The surgery was performed
      on the seventeenth day of pregnancy, and the animals were killed and studied on
      the twenty-first day of pregnancy. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant
      decreases in total weights of the fetuses in the upper horn compared with fetal
      weights of the lower horn. The greatest reduction in fetal weights occurred in
      the smaller horns with a fewer number of fetuses.

PMID- 3369505
TI  - Accuracy of echocardiography measurements in the fetal lamb.
AB  - Echocardiography is becoming an important noninvasive method to evaluate the
      heart of the human fetus. Validation of this technique, however, is lacking. To
      establish the correlation of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography with
      direct invasive methods, the size and volume of the heart of 10 fetal lambs were
      determined. Both M-mode echocardiography as well as the two-dimensional method
      were found to correlate well with direct measurements. As determined by all three
      modalities, the right ventricular cavity was found to be larger than the left
      ventricular cavity. Intraventricular septum thickness was best measured by the
      two-dimensional technique, whereas posterior wall dimensions were difficult to
      assess by this technique. This is the first study that attempts to validate
      echocardiography as it pertains to the fetus. It shows that a good correlation
      between invasive and noninvasive methodology can be obtained. Encouraging
      findings may lead other investigators to use such techniques in the human fetus
      to quantify ventricular size and output under normal and abnormal conditions.

PMID- 3369506
TI  - Responsiveness to norepinephrine of the vessels supplying the placenta of growth
      retarded fetuses.
AB  - The effects of intravenous norepinephrine infusions on uteroplacental blood flow
      were studied in seven awake, chronically catheterized guinea pigs at 63 to 64
      days' gestation after unilateral uterine artery ligation at days 31 to 37. An
      initial subpressor dose of norepinephrine (1.54 +/- 0.18 nmol/kg.min) (+/- SEM)
      was given, followed by a pressor dose (4.57 +/- 0.59 nmol/kg.min) that caused a
      14% increase in mean arterial blood pressure. Placental blood flow as measured by
      the microsphere technique decreased by 24% in 11 placentas with normal-sized
      fetuses during the subpressor dose and by 46% during the pressor dose. In 11
      placentas with growth-retarded fetuses the two norepinephrine doses reduced blood
      flow by 19% and 43%, respectively. These results indicate that there is no
      difference in adrenergic responsiveness between the vessels supplying the
      placenta of a normal-sized fetus and the arteries of the placenta of a growth
      retarded guinea pig. It is suggested that an increase in circulating maternal
      catecholamine levels would affect a growth-retarded fetus more severely than the
      normal-sized fetus because the growth-retarded fetus even during normal
      conditions exists at, or even beyond, the border of imminent asphyxia and
      hypoglycemia.

PMID- 3369507
TI  - Vulvar self-examination.

PMID- 3369508
TI  - Explanation for fetal baseline bradycardia in a fetus with panhypopituitarism and
      other malformations.

PMID- 3369509
TI  - Serial human chorionic gonadotropin measurements in ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3369510
TI  - Clarification of the College's stand on universal screening.

PMID- 3369511
TI  - Diabetes and spontaneous abortion.

PMID- 3369512
TI  - Radioactivity in breast milk and placenta after Chernobyl accident.

PMID- 3369513
TI  - Monocular diplopia accompanying ordinary refractive errors.
AB  - Monocular diplopia is commonly encountered in ophthalmic practice. We discovered
      that it could be induced in nine (82%) of 11 normal eyes with ordinary spherical
      or astigmatic defocus of the retinal image. Possible mechanisms responsible for
      this effect include retinal processing, diffraction effects, and spherical
      aberration. By employing geometric blur circle theory and using a simple optical
      model to photograph the effect, we concluded that monocular diplopia in the
      setting of ordinary refractive error is secondary to relatively minor optical
      irregularity such as spherical aberration. Contour enhancement properties of the
      retina probably accentuate this effect. Ordinary refractive error should
      therefore not be overlooked or discounted in patients with monocular diplopia.

PMID- 3369514
TI  - A clinical index for predicting visual acuity after cataract surgery.
AB  - We developed a clinical index for predicting postoperative visual acuity of
      cataract patients and cross-validated it using data from 182 patients aged 70
      years and older. The index consisted of four statistically combined indicators:
      age, preoperative visual acuity, frequency of reading, and comorbidity.
      Validation of the index included comparisons to two standard technical
      instruments for measurement of retinal visual acuity. For the clinical index, 72%
      of predictions were accurate within one Snellen line of postoperative visual
      acuity compared to 37% using a laser interferometer and 33% using a potential
      acuity meter. Testing of the clinical index's external validity using data from
      111 patients in a different ophthalmology clinic disclosed 61% of predictions
      accurate within one Snellen line.

PMID- 3369515
TI  - Increased intraocular pressure in the immediate postoperative period after
      extracapsular cataract extraction.
AB  - We evaluated the immediate intraocular pressure increase after extracapsular
      cataract surgery in 58 eyes. Two to three hours postoperatively, 34 eyes (59%)
      developed an intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg. We found an
      intraocular pressure of at least 40 mm Hg in seven eyes. Mean intraocular
      pressure two to three hours postoperatively was 8.9 +/- 9.8 mm Hg greater than
      the preoperative intraocular pressure. The use of intraocular sodium hyaluronate
      had no apparent effect on intraocular pressure.

PMID- 3369516
TI  - Photocoagulation treatment of radiation retinopathy.
AB  - We studied the visual and anatomic effects of focal photocoagulation for
      clinically significant radiation macular edema in five eyes of four patients and
      panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative radiation retinopathy in six eyes
      of three patients. Focal and limited scatter photocoagulation was successful in
      preventing further vision loss in all five eyes treated for macular edema. Three
      eyes treated with panretinal photocoagulation had regression of
      neovascularization. The other three eyes treated for proliferative retinopathy
      subsequently had dense vitreous hemorrhages that required vitrectomy for
      restoration of useful vision.

PMID- 3369517
TI  - New contact lens for observation and coagulation of the retina and choroid.
AB  - The optical performance of a new contact lens for observation and irradiation of
      the retina and choroid represents a compromise between Goldmann's contact lens
      and a wide-angle system in regard to magnification, resolution, and size of the
      field of view.

PMID- 3369519
TI  - Bilateral anterior uveitis and interstitial nephritis.
AB  - Five patients had bilateral anterior uveitis associated with renal disease.
      Interstitial nephritis was histologically confirmed in three cases. Fatigue,
      anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, and anemia were common systemic complaints
      or findings. In each case, the uveitis was anterior, eventually bilateral, and
      associated with minimal visual impairment. Complications of the uveitis included
      increased intraocular pressure, synechiae, keratic precipitates, macular edema,
      and intraretinal hemorrhage as well as cells in the anterior vitreous humor and
      an exudate over the pars plana. Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus,
      sarcoid, and syphilis were excluded as diagnoses that could explain the
      association of renal and uveal disease.

PMID- 3369518
TI  - Corneal infection in mucosal scarring disorders and Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - We reviewed 69 episodes of microbial keratitis occurring over an 11-year period
      in 56 patients with a mucosal scarring disorder or Sjogren's syndrome. Gram
      positive bacterial isolates were the most common cause of infection, and
      accounted for almost all cases in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Trichiasis
      (cicatricial pemphigoid), topical corticosteroids, bandage contact lenses, and
      corneal surgery were the main predisposing factors in the development of the
      corneal infection. In patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, infection was
      much less common after chemotherapeutic control had been achieved. Recurrent
      infections were relatively frequent. There was a high rate of major
      complications, particularly in microbial keratitis complicating Sjogren's
      syndrome.

PMID- 3369521
TI  - Intraocular Staphylococcus aureus abscess masquerading as chronic uveitis.

PMID- 3369520
TI  - Quantitation of tumor seeding from fine needle aspiration of ocular melanomas.
AB  - Twenty-two fine needle (30 gauge) aspirations were performed in eyes enucleated
      for the clinical diagnosis of melanoma. Cytologic preparations were evaluated for
      adequacy of material, and needle tracts were evaluated for tumor implantation. A
      scleral marking method was used to identify all needle tracts. The number of
      tumor cells in tracts of direct transscleral aspirates was compared to those in
      tracts of indirect aspirates that traversed the anterior chamber or vitreous.
      Cellular material obtained with 30-gauge needles was sufficient for the diagnosis
      of malignant melanoma in all but one case. While 14 of 21 (67%) of all fine
      needle aspiration tracts and eight of 15 (53%) of indirect tracts contained tumor
      cells, the number of tumor cells was less than that associated with tumor growth
      in experimental models. Indirect aspirate tracts contained significantly fewer
      cells than tracts of direct aspirates (P less than .001).

PMID- 3369522
TI  - Chronic herpes zoster virus keratitis associated with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3369523
TI  - Right and left views in radiology.

PMID- 3369524
TI  - Foveal densitometry in the multiple evanescent white-dot syndrome.

PMID- 3369525
TI  - Brown's syndrome in twins.

PMID- 3369526
TI  - Cartilagenous choristoma of the eyelid tarsus.

PMID- 3369528
TI  - Vitrectomy surgery in proliferative sickle retinopathy-- correction.

PMID- 3369527
TI  - Sulfur hexafluoride gas in the repair of intractable descemet's membrane
      detachment--correction.

PMID- 3369529
TI  - Policies: our footprints in the past, our signposts for the future.
AB  - Clearly established policies can guide our actions and activities and focus our
      attention. As our beliefs change so do our policies. It is the right as well as
      the responsibility of each of us as members of the American Occupational Therapy
      Association to watch for changes in our environment that might affect our
      thinking or our beliefs regarding our profession's role. Ideas for changes should
      be brought to the attention of the Representative Assembly, who will then be able
      to take action on possible policy changes. Our active involvement in this process
      will ensure that our policies are not just rigid, constraining dictums but are
      alive and changing with the times and truly reflect our footprints in the past
      and serve as our signposts for the future.

PMID- 3369530
TI  - Development of the Satisfaction with Performance Scaled Questionnaire (SPSQ).
AB  - A new instrument, the Satisfaction with Performance Scaled Questionnaire (SPSQ),
      was developed to measure individuals' satisfaction with their performance of
      independent living skills. The SPSQ was designed to be used for clinical
      assessment and research with community-based persons with disabilities. Split
      half reliability coefficients were .97 and .93 for the two scales, Home
      Management and Social/Community Problem Solving, respectively. Preliminary
      findings provided support for construct validity. The SPSQ appears promising as a
      measure of the phenomenology of engagement in activities related to independent
      living in the community.

PMID- 3369531
TI  - Hand splinting for infants in the intensive care and special care nurseries.
AB  - Infants in intensive care nurseries often have hand deformities and hand
      dysfunction. The traditional therapeutic approaches to hand care used in the
      treatment of adults, young children, and older infants are not always adequate to
      prevent progressive deformity in preterm and neonatal infants. Medical
      instability, time constraints, lack of family participation in the therapeutic
      program, the complexity of the treatment program, and fear of harming the infant
      are considerations that may indicate the need for splinting as an adjunctive
      therapeutic intervention. A number of factors are particularly important in
      making splints for infants, including splint alignment and padding, strap
      attachment, and thermoplastic malleability.

PMID- 3369532
TI  - Sexual functioning as a topic in occupational therapy training: a survey of
      programs.
AB  - To investigate the current status of sex education in occupational therapy
      curricula, a questionnaire survey was mailed to department chairs of 67
      university programs that were either accredited or in the application process. A
      total of 50 programs returned usable responses. The results indicate that
      occupational therapy may be in a transition period: A significant minority of the
      respondents were either undecided about or against including sexual functioning
      in occupational therapy, but the majority were of the opinion that the patient's
      sexual functioning is an important domain of occupational therapy practice. A
      high percentage of programs reported that instructional time was being devoted to
      the basics of sexual functioning, but programs varied considerably in the amount
      of time allocated for this topic.

PMID- 3369533
TI  - Men in occupational therapy.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of male
      occupational therapists so that better strategies for recruiting men into the
      profession can be developed and the problem of retaining men in the field can be
      addressed. Male occupational therapists were surveyed at 3-year intervals, in
      1978, 1982, and 1985. Our survey results were compared with results of the 1969
      American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) Member Data Survey reported by
      Jantzen (1973), the 1982 AOTA Member Data Survey, and an unpublished study by
      Watson (1983). The number of professional occupational therapists almost tripled
      from 1970 to 1985, whereas the increase in the proportion of men was only from
      3.9% to 5%. The study showed that as a group, male occupational therapists today
      are younger, more likely to have advanced degrees, and less likely to be married
      than their 1969 counterparts. Additional data included employment data,
      educational data, and demographic information such as family position, education
      and occupation of parents, extracurricular activities in high school and college,
      factors influencing career choice, and goals for the future.

PMID- 3369534
TI  - Historical research methods in occupational therapy.
AB  - This article discusses the process and methods of historical research in relation
      to occupational therapy. The paper reviews the process of writing history,
      including data gathering, organization, and interpretation as well as the
      responsibilities of the historical researcher. The authors propose that the
      methods of historical research can be used by occupational therapists as a means
      to develop a body of knowledge about the profession's history.

PMID- 3369535
TI  - Outpatient treatment for an adult with traumatic brain injury.
AB  - In this case, occupational therapy was invaluable for continuity of care and
      facilitating the earliest possible successful return to work. The major goal of
      rehabilitation was for Aaron to prepare to go back to work by relearning or
      refining all the necessary physical, cognitive, emotional, and perceptual skills.
      This specialized occupational therapy plan meant that unnecessary services, and
      therefore unnecessary expenditures, were avoided. Occupational therapy
      intervention allowed for open communication between the family, the employer, the
      insurance carrier, and the physician. Throughout treatment, the insurance carrier
      received regular monthly reports supplemented with periodic telephone updates.
      The carrier commented favorably on the initial evaluation, believing the
      information to be comprehensive and relevant. The occupational therapist provided
      the family with medical information to decrease confusion over medical
      terminology, provided support as appropriate within the context of treatment, and
      demonstrated ways that the family could become more involved in Aaron's
      rehabilitation. Through the weekly treatment sessions and direct observation,
      Marie was able to more fully understand the scope of her husband's disability. It
      is interesting to contrast the hospital findings and the findings of the private
      therapist. Aaron had been diagnosed as having severe visual-spatial deficits on
      the standardized, clinical tests; however, he showed only limited deficits when
      tested in functional situations in the familiar home environment 2 weeks later.
      This contrast demonstrates occupational therapy's unique role in the home
      setting, where the therapist is able to use relevant and meaningful activities
      directly related to the client's roles, hobbies, interests, and cultural
      experiences. The flexibility possible at home should enhance cooperation and
      success.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369536
TI  - Makeup board for women with quadriplegia.

PMID- 3369537
TI  - A preventive intervention program for parents and young children in joint custody
      arrangements.
AB  - A pilot preventive intervention model was developed for a voluntary joint custody
      counseling program for parents of very young children. The program, which
      includes assessments, conferences, and ongoing counseling achieved by monitoring
      at regular intervals, is adaptable to agency or private clinical settings. Based
      on initial positive reactions of participants, more formal evaluation of the
      program's efficacy and applicability is proposed.

PMID- 3369538
TI  - Patterns of behavior in adolescent rape.
AB  - A study of 67 rapes by 63 California adolescents has yielded a highly
      representative composite picture of the typical rape episode by a juvenile
      assailant. Previously unexplored behavior patterns have emerged, including prior
      drug use, impulsivity, and lack of victim provocation. These findings have
      practical implications for clinicians treating rape victims and for the
      rehabilitation of adolescent rapists.

PMID- 3369539
TI  - Extreme illness exaggeration in pediatric patients: a variant of Munchausen's by
      Proxy?
AB  - Reported cases of Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome in children suggest common
      psychosocial features for child and family. The possibility is explored that
      these same features are also present in a subgroup of children with documented,
      but very mild, illness. Suggestions for the diagnosis and management of this
      problem are offered, emphasizing a multidisciplinary team approach.

PMID- 3369540
TI  - Family therapy for learning disabled and attention-deficit disordered children.
AB  - Children with learning disabilities and attention-deficit disorder are vulnerable
      to increased psychological difficulties in three areas: self-esteem, self
      control, and frustration tolerance. Different family types influence differently
      the child's ability to manage the disorder and psychological reactions.
      Individual and family therapy must focus on both the child's developmental
      problems and the family's organization.

PMID- 3369541
TI  - Psychosocial adaptation of siblings of children with chronic medical illnesses.
AB  - The behavioral and emotional adjustment of 27 siblings of ill children was
      compared with that of 27 siblings from "healthy" families. Findings indicated
      that siblings of ill children had significantly more behavior problems than did
      controls. Levels of self-concept, however, did not differ. The importance of
      systemic research on the topic is highlighted.

PMID- 3369542
TI  - Significance of time in adjustment to marital separation.
AB  - This exploratory study compares the psychological adjustment of 199 California
      women in terms of time elapsed between the decision to divorce and the
      separation, and between the latter and the study interview. After entry of
      covariates, these two periods of lapsed time were found to predict level of
      morale and psychological symptoms.

PMID- 3369543
TI  - Who should ask? Ethical interviewing in psychiatric epidemiology studies.
AB  - In a recent survey examining responses to life stress, difficulties were
      encountered by lay interviewers. These are addressed, as are ethical issues
      arising from the combination of survey and clinical methodologies. The issues of
      respondent harm and informed consent are discussed and initial strategies
      outlined.

PMID- 3369544
TI  - Fathers of adopted children: a study of the impact of child surrender on
      birthfathers.
AB  - Data on their children's adoptions and their own subsequent adjustment were
      provided by 125 birthfathers. Paternal age at the child's birth, involvement in
      the adoption process, and the major reason for adoption determined the
      birthfathers' current views of adoption. Search for the child was correlated with
      hopes of retrieval. Loss of the child remained an unresolved issue independent of
      other areas of functioning. Legal and procedural implications are discussed.

PMID- 3369545
TI  - The relation of defensive style and thematic content to children's enjoyment and
      comprehension of joking riddles.
AB  - Joking riddles of low, moderate, and high aggressive content were administered to
      60 normal elementary school boys of average intelligence, categorized into three
      groups of 20 based on their characteristic defensive styles (constricted,
      flexible, and impulsive) of dealing with aggressive impulses. Both moderately and
      highly aggressive riddles were enjoyed more. Though no main effect for defensive
      style was found for either riddle enjoyment or comprehension, complex
      interactions among defensive style, level of aggression, and time of presentation
      emerged as significant.

PMID- 3369546
TI  - The parental self-concept: a theoretical exploration and practical application.
AB  - The psychological birth of a parent is a highly complex affective and cognitive
      process, generating in a mother or father a sense of self-as-parent. Selected
      literature on the subject is reviewed, a definition proposed, and the concept of
      the parental self explored theoretically. The relevance of the concept to
      psychotherapeutic work with parents is considered.

PMID- 3369547
TI  - Effects of variant types of child care experience on the adaptive behavior of
      kindergarten children.
AB  - The adaptive behavior of kindergarten children with previous experience in day
      care centers or in family day care settings was compared and contrasted with that
      of kindergarten children who had not participated in day care. No significant
      differences among groups were found on measures of adaptive behavior,
      communication skills, daily living skills, socialization, or motor skills. The
      findings suggest that both forms of out-of-home care are suitable options for
      parents.

PMID- 3369548
TI  - Temperament in children delivered by vacuum extraction.
AB  - Thomas and Chess's temperament variables were studied via questionnaires in two
      samples of children delivered by vacuum extraction and in a standardization
      sample at six months and at one and two years of age. Temperament was not
      systematically related to vacuum extraction delivery per se or to its indications
      or to offspring neonatal somatic impairment.

PMID- 3369549
TI  - Deinstitutionalization.

PMID- 3369550
TI  - Late onset paranoid disorder.

PMID- 3369551
TI  - Adult incest survivors.

PMID- 3369552
TI  - Indirect vertical cultural transmission: a model for nongenetic parental
      influences on the liability to psychiatric illness.
AB  - A long tradition in psychiatry has focused on parental traits that directly
      influence the liability to psychiatric disorders in offspring. Because these
      traits rarely resemble the disorders they cause, traditional models of cultural
      transmission (which assume that "like perpetuates like") may not be appropriate.
      The author develops and illustrates several models for indirect vertical cultural
      transmission of psychiatric illness. These models generate falsifiable
      predictions about the pattern of risk in relatives of affected individuals. For
      example, all such models predict a substantially higher risk of illness in
      siblings than in offspring of affected individuals. It is now possible to develop
      and test rigorous models for the cultural transmission of psychiatric illness.

PMID- 3369553
TI  - Gender differences in the course of schizophrenia.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that schizophrenic women experience a less
      severe course of illness than schizophrenic men. Ninety patients with DSM-III
      diagnoses of schizophrenia, who were in the early stages of illness, were
      followed for 10 years with respect to rehospitalizations and length of time in
      the hospital. Multivariate regression techniques were used to test for gender
      differences across multiple outcomes. The women experienced fewer
      rehospitalizations and shorter stays than did the men. These findings were not an
      artifact of diagnosis. The results suggest that the determinants of gender
      differences occur during the premorbid period and are manifest early in the
      development of the disorder.

PMID- 3369554
TI  - Psychiatric residents' sexual contact with educators and patients: results of a
      national survey.
AB  - In a national survey of PGY-4 psychiatric residents, 4.9% of the 548 respondents
      indicated that they had been sexually involved with psychiatric educators and
      0.9% reported that they had been sexually involved with patients. Most residents
      reported no or minimal instruction in their residency programs about educator
      resident and resident-patient sexual contact. The authors compare these results
      with those from previous surveys of psychologists. They discuss the need for
      expanding training curricula to include specific education on sexual
      exploitation.

PMID- 3369555
TI  - Refining the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder.
AB  - Schizophreniform disorder, a potentially useful construct, is difficult to
      operationalize either for clinical or research purposes. According to DSM-III-R,
      schizophreniform disorder is descriptively identical to schizophrenia, differing
      only in duration of symptoms. This study suggests several features that, at
      initial examination, differentiate schizophreniform disorder from schizophrenia,
      such as higher DSM-III axis V ratings, lack of flattened affect, and better
      rapport with the examiner. The data suggest that when defined according to
      appropriate clinical criteria, schizophreniform disorder can be distinguished
      from either schizophrenia or affective disorder.

PMID- 3369556
TI  - Effects of ECT on brain structure: a pilot prospective magnetic resonance imaging
      study.
AB  - The authors describe a pilot prospective investigation of the effects of ECT on
      brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In nine patients with
      major depression, a course of ECT produced no acute changes in brain structure
      according to blind raters' assessments of cortical atrophy and global comparison
      of pre- and post-ECT studies. There were also no significant changes in the
      ventricle-brain ratios. Pre-ECT brain abnormalities were common in these patients
      yet were also unaffected by ECT. Future MRI studies of ECT should include more
      subjects and should address long-term changes and subtle brain abnormalities.

PMID- 3369557
TI  - The dexamethasone suppression index: enhancement of DST diagnostic utility for
      depression by expressing serum cortisol as a function of serum dexamethasone.
AB  - The authors sought to determine whether the performance of the dexamethasone
      suppression test (DST) could be enhanced by expressing cortisol as a function of
      dexamethasone. Because cortisol concentration is a function of the reciprocal of
      dexamethasone concentration, this relationship was approximated by calculating
      the product of cortisol and dexamethasone as a dexamethasone suppression index.
      Preliminary assessment of test performance measures (sensitivity, specificity,
      and predictive power) showed that use of the dexamethasone suppression index was
      an improvement over the use of cortisol levels alone. Factoring dexamethasone
      levels into post-dexamethasone cortisol level measures may enhance the utility of
      neuroendocrine assessment in psychiatry.

PMID- 3369558
TI  - Psychiatric disorder and limitations in physical functioning in a sample of the
      Los Angeles general population.
AB  - The authors examined relationships between psychiatric disorder and perceived
      general health and physical functioning from data obtained from interviews with
      2,554 non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. Persons with
      recent psychiatric disorders perceived their general health as poorer and had
      more limitations in physical functioning than persons without such disorders,
      even when the analyses controlled for chronic medical conditions and demographic
      factors. Affective and anxiety disorders were independently associated with both
      acute and chronic limitations in physical functioning. The associations of recent
      psychiatric disorder and of chronic medical condition with acute activity
      restrictions were similar in magnitude.

PMID- 3369559
TI  - Some differences between men and women who commit suicide.
AB  - Men have persistently had a several-fold higher suicide rate than women. In this
      study of 204 consecutive suicides, the authors examined three areas in which the
      men differed from the women. Men used more violent, immediately lethal methods of
      suicide, were almost three times more likely to be substance abusers, and were
      more likely to have economic problems as stressors. The authors conclude that
      while the difference in suicide rate between men and women is complexly
      determined, the weight of the evidence suggests that more men than women intend
      to commit suicide.

PMID- 3369560
TI  - How to survive in the private practice of psychiatry.
AB  - The private practice of psychiatry is being transformed by the new economics of
      medical care. Patients are paying more out-of-pocket for necessary care (demand
      side cost sharing), and health care providers are being asked to assume part of
      the risk of treatment through prospective payment (supply-side cost sharing).
      Specific survival strategies for psychiatrists in private practice include
      development of a balanced practice, expansion of referral networks, participation
      in alternative delivery systems such as health maintenance organizations and
      preferred provider organizations, active involvement in utilization and claims
      review, participation in outcome studies, and expansion of patient care advocacy
      and community involvement.

PMID- 3369561
TI  - Effects of diagnosis and context on dangerousness.
AB  - The authors extensively reviewed the medical records of 253 patients hospitalized
      on a locked, university-based psychiatric unit. They found that schizophrenic and
      manic patients were more likely than patients with other diagnoses to be
      assaultive before admission. In the hospital, however, manic patients were the
      most likely to be assaultive. The results of this study show that the risk of
      violence among different diagnostic groups of patients varies according to
      context and is moderated by situational variables. These findings have
      implications for the assessment of dangerousness before and during
      hospitalization.

PMID- 3369562
TI  - Epinephrine infusions in patients with social phobia.
AB  - To assess the role of peripheral epinephrine in social anxiety, the authors
      infused 11 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for social phobia with intravenous
      epinephrine over 60 minutes. Although the mean plasma epinephrine level increased
      from 113 to 928 pg/ml, only one of the 11 patients experienced observable
      anxiety; this finding suggests that an increase in plasma epinephrine level alone
      is inadequate to cause social anxiety. Of the variables measured, only the
      average minute volume correlated with self-rated anxiety. Ventilatory indexes
      might be better correlates of subjective anxiety than other physiological
      variables.

PMID- 3369563
TI  - Suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality disorder.
AB  - Among 180 patients with DSM-III borderline personality disorder, patients with
      concurrent affective and substance use disorders had a higher rate of serious
      suicide attempts than other patients. Clinicians should be alert to axis I
      disorders in assessing suicide potential in borderline patients.

PMID- 3369564
TI  - Prolactin response to tryptophan during mianserin treatment.
AB  - Unlike tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, mianserin did
      not increase prolactin response to the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursor
      tryptophan in nine patients with major depression. Antidepressant drugs
      apparently produce dissimilar effects on this aspect of brain 5-HT function in
      depressed patients.

PMID- 3369566
TI  - Videotape recording of inpatient assaults: a pilot study.
AB  - Inpatient assaults were videotaped and then characterized by tape reviewers as
      showing high or low hostility. Over a 2-month period, the videotape reviewers
      documented more than twice as many high-hostility assaults as were documented by
      other methods of reporting.

PMID- 3369565
TI  - Thyroid indices in panic disorder.
AB  - The authors compared indices of thyroid function in 26 patients with panic
      disorder and 26 closely matched control subjects. No significant differences in
      T3, T4, free T4, thyrotropin, or thyroxine-binding globulin were found between
      the two groups. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

PMID- 3369567
TI  - Bulimia in college women: incidence and recovery rates.
AB  - In a longitudinal survey of college freshmen, the incidence of bulimia nervosa
      was 4.2 cases per 100 women per year. Prevalence remained stable (2.9%-3.3%) as
      new cases were offset by partial remissions. Some women continued bulimic
      behaviors without meeting the DSM-III-R criteria.

PMID- 3369568
TI  - Inadvertent imipramine challenge in panic.

PMID- 3369569
TI  - Psychogenic catatonia treated with lorazepam.

PMID- 3369570
TI  - Depressive illness with delusions of AIDS.

PMID- 3369571
TI  - An attempt to commit suicide by contracting AIDS.

PMID- 3369572
TI  - Sex differences in panic disorder.

PMID- 3369573
TI  - Opening the mouth to abolish auditory hallucinations.

PMID- 3369574
TI  - Criteria for alcohol dependence in DSM-III-R.

PMID- 3369575
TI  - Treatment of borderline patients.

PMID- 3369576
TI  - Interaction of danazol and carbamazepine.

PMID- 3369577
TI  - Analytically oriented therapy of homosexual men.

PMID- 3369578
TI  - Psychodynamic and behavioral case formulation.

PMID- 3369579
TI  - Differences among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 3369580
TI  - Mental illness and creativity.

PMID- 3369581
TI  - Training in ECT.

PMID- 3369582
TI  - Prescribing lithium for pregnant women.

PMID- 3369583
TI  - Idiosyncratic reaction to naltrexone augmented by thioridazine.

PMID- 3369584
TI  - Comments on references to the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in an
      article.

PMID- 3369585
TI  - Choosing a psychiatric residency.

PMID- 3369586
TI  - Atropine coma in treatment of opiate addiction.

PMID- 3369587
TI  - Research fever.

PMID- 3369588
TI  - Reducing teenage childbearing.

PMID- 3369589
TI  - The paradoxes of organ transplantation.

PMID- 3369590
TI  - "Hypertensive emergency": a useful diagnostic category.

PMID- 3369591
TI  - Hypertensive emergency: case criteria, sociodemographic profile, and previous
      care of 100 cases.
AB  - To study the frequency, cost, sociodemographic profile, and previous care
      correlates of hospital admissions for hypertensive emergency, we used specific
      case criteria to identify a series of 100 cases at Presbyterian Hospital in New
      York City. Approximately 58 cases were admitted per year. Mean length of hospital
      stay was 11.8 days, 75 per cent of patients received intensive care, and
      estimated annual hospital charges were $438,828 (1986 dollars). Cases had severe
      hypertension on admission (mean systolic blood pressure, 229.8 mmHg; mean
      diastolic blood pressure, 143 mmHg). Two-thirds had clinical evidence of acute
      arteriolitis. Cases were predominantly young, male, Black or Hispanic, and of
      lower socioeconomic status. At least 93 per cent of cases were previously
      diagnosed, and at least 83 per cent were aware of their diagnosis of
      hypertension. Improved management of chronic hypertension rather than more
      intensive screening may be a useful strategy to reduce the incidence of
      hypertensive emergency.

PMID- 3369592
TI  - Health professionals and hospital administrators in organ procurement: attitudes,
      reservations, and their resolutions.
AB  - The responses of hospital administrators, directors of nursing, intensive care
      unit nurses, and neurosurgeons are reported to a range of inquiries designed to
      measure their commitment to organ procurement and thereby identify impediments
      limiting their cooperation with organ procurement efforts. Descriptive and
      multivariate statistical techniques are used to analyze data collected from each
      group. We find general approval for organ procurement but serious hesitation
      about dealing with donor families, particularly among physicians. Physician
      support for donation, moreover, is the strongest predictor of other
      professionals, attitudes toward donation. Neurosurgeons and intensive care unit
      nurses who believe organ procurement is a professional responsibility have the
      fewest reservations about facilitating organ donation.

PMID- 3369593
TI  - Judging maturity in the courts: the Massachusetts consent statute.
AB  - This study examined the Case Summary Questionnaires completed by attorneys
      representing minors at judicial consent for abortion hearings in Massachusetts
      and filed with the Women's Bar Association. The 477 Case Summaries filed between
      December 1981 and June 1985 were analyzed to provide a more systematic account of
      how the judicial consent statute is applied in the courtroom. After hearings
      which typically lasted 12 minutes, only nine minors were judged immature. No
      evidence for a discernible pattern justifying these rulings emerged from an
      examination of petitioner and court characteristics such as age, length of
      hearing, number of weeks pregnant, or presiding judge. Further, 11 lawyers
      privately reported they found their clients immature. In only one instance,
      however, did the lawyer and judge identify the same adolescent. The findings add
      to a growing body or research that calls into question the ability of the consent
      statute to protect the best interest of the minors involved.

PMID- 3369594
TI  - Correlates of reported smoke detector usage in an inner-city population:
      participants in a smoke detector give-away program.
AB  - As part of a smoke detector give-away program, 388 adults were surveyed to
      characterize smoke detector ownership in a low-income population and to identify
      those who would acquire a free smoke detector following their child's visit to
      the hospital. Factors associated with smoke detector ownership included higher
      education, home ownership (vs public housing), knowledge of the city smoke
      detector law, and the practice of other injury prevention measures. Regardless of
      ownership, the great majority of parents (82 per cent) acquired a free smoke
      detector, but those previously without a smoke detector were more likely to do
      so. These characteristics of smoke detector usage and acquisition should be
      considered in targeting future intervention strategies.

PMID- 3369595
TI  - Congenital limb reduction defects in the agricultural setting.
AB  - To ascertain whether parental involvement in agricultural work and residence in
      an agricultural setting are associated with the development of congenital limb
      reduction defects, we carried out a case-control study using California birth
      records from 1982, 1983, and 1984. Cases with limb reduction defects (N = 237)
      and randomly selected controls (N = 475) were compared regarding parental
      occupation and maternal county of residence. After adjustment for potential
      confounders in a multivariate analysis, the estimated relative risk (RR) of
      parenting a child with a limb reduction defect among parents involved in
      agricultural work was 0.9 (95 per cent confidence limits = 0.4, 1.7). The RR
      among mothers who resided in a county of high agricultural productivity as
      compared with minimal agricultural productivity was 1.7 (95% CL = 1.1, 2.7),
      while the RR associated with residence in a county with high pesticide use as
      compared with minimal pesticide use was 1.9 (95% CL = 1.2, 3.1). When we limited
      the cases to children with limb reduction defects who had at least one additional
      anomaly (n = 79) and compared them to the control births, the corresponding RRs
      were 1.6 (95% CL = 0.7, 3.6), for parental involvement in agricultural work, 2.4
      (CL = 1.2, 4.7) for county agricultural productivity, and 3.1 (CL = 1.5, 6.5) for
      county pesticide use.

PMID- 3369596
TI  - Giardia transmission in a swimming pool.
AB  - In the fall of 1985, an outbreak of giardiasis occurred among several swimming
      groups at an indoor pool in northeast New Jersey. Nine clinical cases were
      identified, eight of whom had Giardia positive stool specimens. All were female;
      seven were adults (greater than 18 years) and two were children. The attack rate
      was highest (39 per cent, 5/13) for the ladies lap group who had exposure on one
      day. These cases had no direct contact with children or other risk factors for
      acquiring Giardia. Infection most likely occurred following the ingestion of
      swimming pool water contaminated with Giardia cysts. The source of Giardia
      contamination was a handicapped child who had a fecal accident in the pool. He
      was a member of a group that swam at the same time as the ladies lap group. A
      stool survey of the handicapped group showed that of the 20 persons tested, nine
      were positive for Giardia, including the specimen from this child. Examination of
      the pool records showed that no chlorine levels had been taken on the day of the
      fecal accident and that on the following day the chlorine level was zero. This is
      the second report of Giardia transmission among swimming pool attendees. It
      emphasizes the need to maintain appropriate chlorine levels in swimming pools and
      to institute measures to clear pools after a fecal accident.

PMID- 3369597
TI  - Long-term weight loss maintenance: assessment of a behavioral and supplemented
      fasting regimen.
AB  - This analysis assessed 18-30-month weight loss maintenance following treatment
      with both behavior modification and supplemented fasting procedures for 400
      patients. Fifty-five per cent of the patients who started treatment discontinued
      prior to completing the program. Patients who completed treatment lost a mean of
      83.9 per cent of their excess weight, but regained an average of 59 per cent to
      82 per cent of their initial excess weight by 30 months following start of
      treatment. The combination of behavior modification and supplemented fasting
      regimens was a successful means of effecting weight loss. However, there appeared
      to be limited weight loss maintenance. Behavioral epidemiological studies are
      needed to identify variables responsible for maintenance of weight loss.

PMID- 3369598
TI  - Short interpregnancy interval and the risk of low birthweight.
AB  - The effect of interpregnancy interval on the birthweight of the subsequent child
      was investigated in a cohort of 5,938 women who registered for two consecutive
      pregnancies in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Mean birthweight increased
      from 3,101 grams for intervals of less than 3 months to 3,193 grams for intervals
      of 15-17.9 months and remained stable thereafter (p for trend = 0.006). However,
      women with shorter intervals were younger, lighter weight, and less educated at
      the beginning of the first pregnancy than were women with longer intervals; the
      birthweight of their previous child was lower, and they were of marginally lower
      socioeconomic status. Adjustment for confounders reduced the maximum difference
      in mean birthweight by interval length from 92 to 39 grams, and blunted the trend
      for lower birthweights with shorter intervals (p = 0.45). Similarly, adjustment
      reduced the increased risk of low birthweight among women with the shortest
      intervals from 52 per cent to 12 per cent. We conclude that a short
      interpregnancy interval is primarily a marker for a woman who is otherwise at
      high risk, and that modification of this interval alone may be unlikely to have a
      major impact on low birthweight.

PMID- 3369599
TI  - Hemorrhage, infection, toxemia, and cardiac disease, 1954-85: causes for their
      declining role in maternal mortality.
AB  - Hemorrhage, infection, toxemia, and cardiac disease are no longer the leading
      causes of maternal death. We studied factors causing their decline in incidence
      using data collected by the Committee on Maternal Welfare of the Massachusetts
      Medical Society between 1954 and 1985. The dramatic decline in incidence of these
      conditions in the Commonwealth during the study period appears to have been due
      to both legislative actions and improvements in medical practice. The legislative
      actions included licensing of maternity services, blood banks, and legalization
      of abortion. Cardiac-related mortality has declined due to a reduction in the
      prevalence of rheumatic heart disease. Changes in clinical practice that stand
      out were the aggressive control of the hypertensive component of toxemia leading
      to a reduced incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, the prompt recourse to blood
      transfusion for hemorrhage, and the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

PMID- 3369600
TI  - Physical activity and coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly men: the
      Honolulu Heart Program.
AB  - The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary
      heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly
      men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of
      follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported
      at study entry were inversely related to the risk of definite coronary heart
      disease in both age groups. In particular, among those aged 45 to 64 years, the
      rate of definite coronary heart disease in men who led active life styles was 30
      per cent lower than the rate experienced by those who were less active (relative
      risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.53, 0.88). In those older than 64 years,
      the rate of definite coronary heart disease in active men was less than half the
      rate experienced by those who led more sedentary life styles (relative risk,
      0.43; 95% CI, 0.19, 0.99). These results continued to hold up when controlling
      for several cardiovascular risk factors and potentially confounding variables,
      supporting earlier observations that physical activity is beneficial in middle
      age, and further suggesting that benefits may extend to the elderly male
      population as well.

PMID- 3369601
TI  - The development of worker-controlled occupational health centers in Canada.
AB  - Over the past decade worker-controlled occupational health centers have been
      established in three Canadian provinces. This development has been a response to
      the slowness in recognizing occupational medicine in the Canadian medical
      community, the limited availability and questionable acceptability of existing
      services, as well as the growth of worker control in occupational health matters
      generally. The history, funding, organizational structure, personnel, resources,
      and programs of these worker-controlled centers are outlined, illustrating the
      extensive programs that can be provided despite small budgets of these
      operations. Advantages to workers include direct access to resources as well as
      expert professional advice with the focus on work place hazards. Furthermore, the
      centers provide for extensive interaction among workers on their common concerns.
      Disadvantages of the model include restricted access to work places associated
      with frequent distrust of employers. Employer-based and university-based models
      are compared to worker-controlled centers, and it is suggested that the latter
      may influence the pattern of practice of occupational health as well as the
      ability of workers and their unions to promote improved occupational health and
      safety conditions.

PMID- 3369602
TI  - Prevalence of the misuse of ultra-low-tar cigarettes by blocking filter vents.
AB  - Evidence from tar-stain patterns in 135 cigarette filters discarded in ashtrays
      in public areas of shopping malls was used to estimate the prevalence of
      behaviorally blocked air dilution vents in ultra-low-yield cigarettes. Nineteen
      per cent (+/- 4, standard errors of the mean) of the filters had been blocked
      extremely, 39 per cent (+/- 5 SEM) had been blocked to some degree, and 42 per
      cent (+/- 5 SEM) had not been blocked at all. Smokers, health practitioners, and
      researchers need to be warned of the risks of vent blocking.

PMID- 3369603
TI  - Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: implications for noninvasive
      measurement of tobacco smoke exposure.
AB  - Cotinine elimination from plasma, saliva, and urine was studied over 11 days in
      five subjects (three nonsmokers and two occasional smokers). Half-lives for
      cotinine averaged 16-19 hours in the different body fluids (range 10 to 27 hours
      between subjects). There was no tendency for the half-life in saliva to be longer
      than in plasma or urine. We conclude that choice of body fluid for cotinine assay
      in smoking studies should depend on practical rather than pharmacokinetic
      considerations.

PMID- 3369605
TI  - Urban hospital cesarean section delivery rates in Paraiba State, Brazil, 1977-81.
AB  - Paraiba State, Brazil is one of the poorest areas in that country; many of the
      hospitals are not high quality and medical training is not comparable to that of
      developed countries. Nevertheless, the rate of cesarean section delivery in urban
      hospitals has risen from 19.0 per cent in 1977 to 28.5 in 1981. Despite the
      larger volume of obstetric services in government hospitals, these hospitals had
      lower cesarean section rates than private hospitals, both profit and non-profit.

PMID- 3369604
TI  - Cotinine in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive smokers, and
      active smokers.
AB  - Cotinine was measured in the serum, saliva, and urine of nonsmokers, passive
      smokers, and active smokers. Serum and saliva could not discriminate between
      nonsmokers and passive smokers. Mean urine cotinine was higher in passive smokers
      than nonsmokers but there was a great deal of intersubject overlap. Cotinine in
      all body fluids could separate active smokers from the other two groups. Among
      smokers, light smokers had lower levels than heavier smokers.

PMID- 3369607
TI  - Physical fitness in children: a survey method based on parental report.
AB  - In the present study of 213 healthy children, the relation between parental
      reports of activity level and laboratory-determined physical fitness was
      examined. Results indicated that parental reports of activity level were
      associated with fitness for the entire sample. The association was most
      consistent among White children who resided in a household that was headed by
      their father.

PMID- 3369606
TI  - Perinatal and infant mortality rates and place of birth in Italy, 1980.
AB  - In 1980, the ratio of home birth to public hospital perinatal and neonatal
      mortality rates decreased from Northern to Southern Italy, being inversely
      related to the proportion of home deliveries and probably reflecting the effect
      of planned versus unplanned home births. The post neonatal mortality rate in
      Southern Italy was about four times as high in children born at home (9.5/1,000
      live births) than in those delivered in public hospitals (2.6/1,000 live births),
      probably reflecting differences in the socioeconomic status according to the
      birthplace selection in various regions.

PMID- 3369608
TI  - Community health effects of a municipal water supply hyperfluoridation accident.
AB  - For 12 hours, excess hydrofluorosilicic acid was diverted to a 127-home community
      water supply. Fluoride levels peaked at 51 parts per million (ppm). Water
      acidification caused copper to leach from the domestic plumbing; raising copper
      levels to 25-41 ppm. Fifty-two (33 per cent) of those who drank hyperfluoridated
      water developed mild gastroenteritis. Vomiting was uncommon and symptom onsets
      usually occurred greater than 30 minutes after drinking water; suggesting that
      fluoride, rather than copper, caused illness. Skin contact with hyperfluoridated
      water caused itching and skin rashes.

PMID- 3369609
TI  - Blood pressure and social class in a Jamaican community.
AB  - A study of social factors and blood pressure was conducted in a Jamaican
      community among a sample of 199 persons ages 30 to 50. After controlling for
      obesity, age, and respondent tension (and other covariates), interaction effects
      of social class x sex for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found. Blood
      pressure increased with increasing social class for males and decreased with
      increasing social class for females.

PMID- 3369610
TI  - Participation in local health department investigations by public health student
      teams.

PMID- 3369611
TI  - Elimination of cotinine from body fluids.

PMID- 3369612
TI  - EFNEP (Expanded Food and Nutrition Program)

PMID- 3369613
TI  - HIV seropositivity in i.v. drug users in Ohio.

PMID- 3369614
TI  - Changing patterns of drug abuse in a seaport: New Orleans, 1975-85.

PMID- 3369616
TI  - Papers of the North Pacific Surgical Association, 74th annual meeting. Vancouver,
      British Columbia, November 13 and 14, 1987.

PMID- 3369615
TI  - Antigen expression by cells near the maternal-fetal interface.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential for immunologic
      interaction between the mother and fetus by documenting 1) fetal and maternal
      cell histocompatibility antigen (HLA) expression and 2) populations of
      immunologically relevant cells near the maternal-fetal interface through all
      stages of normal pregnancy. Mesenchymal cells in extraembryonic tissues
      demonstrated a gradual and progressive development of both class I and class II
      HLA, with class I expression preceding class II. Coordinated development of
      expression of two subclasses of class II HLA-D, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, by fetal
      mesenchymal cells was noted. In adjacent tissue, maternal decidual cells were
      strongly class I HLA positive; but in contrast to fetal cells, expression of HLA
      D subclasses was discoordinate. HLA-DR was present throughout gestation but HLA
      DQ expression was detectable only in second and third trimester tissues.
      Immunologically relevant cells were present in both fetal and maternal tissues.
      The major leukocyte population and the major class II-bearing cell type at the
      maternal-fetal interface was of monocyte/macrophage lineage. T and B lymphocytes
      were present only in very low densities (1-3% of all cells), whereas at all
      stages of gestation, macrophages were present in high density in both the fetal
      mesenchyme (14-25%) and in maternal decidua (27-32%). Documentation of class I
      and class II HLA expression and the cell types available to participate in
      immunologic events at the maternal-fetal interface may assist in understanding
      the immunologic basis of the maternal-fetal relationship during successful
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3369617
TI  - Human amnion as a bioprosthesis for bile duct reconstruction in the pig.
AB  - Despite technical advances in management, the complication of late stricture
      formation and biliary sepsis still occur in bile duct reconstruction. In an
      attempt to avoid bilioenteric anastomosis, which bypasses the biliary sphincter
      mechanism, various biologic and artificial materials have been employed
      clinically and experimentally to replace the damaged bile duct. No satisfactory
      biliary replacement material has yet been found. In the experimental model of
      bile duct stricture that has been presented, human amnion bile duct injuries
      mimicking those seen in clinical practice were repaired using human amnion as a
      free graft. Noncircumferential duct loss appeared to be satisfactorily repaired
      using amnion, and the amnion repair was found to be as good as or superior to
      plastic repair; however, circumferential duct loss was not adequately repaired
      with the amnion graft.

PMID- 3369618
TI  - Antegrade aortorenal bypass graft: a new alternative.
AB  - The search for a site of origin for renal artery bypass grafting other than the
      inclusion aorta has resulted in a variety of recommendations, including use of
      the splenic, hepatic, gastroduodenal, and superior mesenteric arteries and even
      retrograde bypass grafts originating from the iliac artery. The present study has
      described our early experience with a new procedure utilizing an antegrade
      aortorenal bypass graft originating in the mediastinal supraceliac aorta. Eight
      patients underwent operation; four for renovascular hypertension and four for
      renal salvage plus hypertension. There were no operative deaths. All grafts
      (three saphenous and five polytetrafluoroethylene) functioned well, as judged by
      clinical response and renal scan. One graft failed at 6 weeks. Hypertension was
      cured in three patients and improved in four at a mean follow-up of 27 months
      (range 3 to 58 months). Improved hemodynamic performance of antegrade flow,
      avoidance of liver and biliary complications, and applicability to the right or
      left kidney are the advantages of this technique. When renal artery
      reconstruction is required and the infrarenal aorta is to be avoided, we believe
      this operation is a useful alternative.

PMID- 3369619
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging versus angiography in the preoperative assessment of
      abdominal aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Magnetic resonance is a cost-effective imaging tool in the preoperative
      evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm, and yields more clinically relevant
      information than ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Magnetic resonance
      imaging has advantages over angiography in that is costs substantially less, is
      noninvasive, and reconstructs images in multiple planes. By utilizing multiplanar
      imaging, magnetic resonance imaging yields more information than angiography. The
      position of the left renal vein is imaged only by magnetic resonance, as is the
      origin of the superior mesenteric artery. Angiography remains important in
      patients with associated occlusive disease and claudication. The use of magnetic
      resonance in the emergent setting is limited at this time.

PMID- 3369620
TI  - Treatment of infected abdominal aneurysms by extraanatomic bypass, aneurysm
      excision, and drainage.
AB  - Five patients with infected abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms were treated. The
      diagnosis was made preoperatively based upon fever, leukocytosis, positive blood
      culture findings, and presence of an aneurysm in all five patients. Two patients
      had salmonella species, two had staphylococcus species, and one had bacteroides
      species cultured from the blood and aneurysm contents. All patients were treated
      with appropriate antibiotics and a single operative procedure consisting of
      preliminary extraanatomic bypass followed by complete aneurysm excision and
      posterior drainage of the retroperitoneum. There were no operative deaths and no
      instances of aortic stump disruption, persistent retroperitoneal sepsis, or graft
      thrombosis. All patients were alive and well on last follow-up 15 months to 5
      years postoperatively.

PMID- 3369621
TI  - Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and short-term results of cisplatin hyperthermic
      isolated limb perfusion for soft-tissue sarcoma and melanoma of the extremities.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients with melanoma or soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities
      underwent hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion utilizing cisplatin and wide local
      excision. Doses of cisplatin ranged from 0.75 to 2 mg/kg. The mortality and
      morbidity rates were 0 and 6.8 percent, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies
      indicate that cisplatin is rapidly bound to perfused tissues and remains bound
      for 1 month. Maximum tumor response in sarcomas occurs 1 to 2 weeks after
      perfusion, compared with 1 month after perfusions with l-phenylalanine mustard
      and actinomycin D. Local and regional recurrence rates were 0 and 3.4 percent,
      respectively, at 1 year. Further studies of hyperthermic limb perfusions with
      cisplatin are warranted.

PMID- 3369622
TI  - Cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide and antineoplastic combinations against human
      tumors.
AB  - Five human tumor reference cell lines were tested in vitro against 0 percent, 5
      percent, and 10 percent DMSO; four antineoplastic agents; and combinations of 5
      percent or 10 percent DMSO plus each antineoplastic agent. Synergistic
      cytotoxicity between DMSO and antineoplastic agents against each cell line were
      demonstrated. We have concluded that delivery of standard doses of antineoplastic
      agents in 5 percent or 10 percent DMSO may be useful in the treatment of some
      tumors because of the marked increase in tumoricidal effect seen with some DMSO
      and drug combinations. Alternatively, lower doses of antineoplastic agents might
      be delivered in DMSO, producing the same cytotoxic effect as a full dose of drug
      without DMSO but with less systemic toxicity.

PMID- 3369623
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
AB  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has been shown by many investigators to be a
      safe, rapid means of gaining access to the gastrointestinal tract. Over a 3 1/2
      year period, 155 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies were performed. All of the
      patients had an inability to nourish themselves orally. The technique described
      by Ponsky et al was used. Preoperative antibiotics were administered to 108
      patients, and most of the procedures were performed under local anesthesia. Many
      of the procedures were performed in association with tracheostomies. There were
      17 complications (11 percent), including 2 deaths (1 percent). Comparison of
      percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to operative gastrostomy revealed
      percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to be superior. We believe that percutaneous
      endoscopic gastrostomy should be considered the procedure of choice for tube
      gastrostomy.

PMID- 3369624
TI  - Management of carcinoma discovered unexpectedly at operation for acute
      appendicitis.
AB  - This review of 900 patients who underwent colon resection for carcinoma
      identified 33 patients who were explored with the preoperative diagnosis of
      appendicitis. In 19 patients, the appendix was acutely inflamed secondary to
      obstruction of the appendiceal lumen. The other 14 patients had perforating or
      obstructing cancer of the ascending colon or cecum. The clinical clues of a
      prolonged symptom history, weight loss, anemia, and a palpable mass were
      frequently, but not invariably, present. Results of contrast enema, computerized
      axial tomography, and colonoscopy in this select group were frequently
      misleading. The diagnosis is best made in the operating room by the thoughtful
      appendectomist. I recommend prompt resection and an appropriate cancer procedure
      in these patients. Carcinoma masquerading as appendicitis occurs more often than
      is generally realized and will be seen more frequently as our aging population
      increases.

PMID- 3369625
TI  - Individualized management of colonic atresia.
AB  - Atresia of the colon represents the least common cause of neonatal intestinal
      obstruction, comprising less than 10 percent of gastrointestinal atresias. Eleven
      patients underwent surgical repair of colonic atresia during a 5 year period.
      Five of the patients were premature. Two had associated gastroschisis and other
      congenital anomalies were present in three patients. Hypaque enema was utilized
      to diagnose intestinal atresia and laparotomy was then undertaken. Primary repair
      could be performed in four patients, one with type I and three with type 3
      atresias. These four patients did well and were discharged within 13 days after
      operation. Three deaths occurred in patients with associated anomalies, yielding
      a mortality rate of 28 percent. Operative therapy of colonic atresia should be
      individualized, based on the condition of the patient at presentation and the
      presence of associated birth defects.

PMID- 3369626
TI  - Introducer insertion of mini-thoracostomy tubes.
AB  - Introducer insertion of a small caliber chest tube is easily mastered, fast, and
      nearly painless. Outpatient management of spontaneous pneumothorax with a 12 F.
      polyvinylchloride catheter and a Heimlich valve appears both safe and economical
      in a selected group of patients. Introducer chest tube insertion is well
      tolerated, in contrast to the discomfort experienced during insertion of chest
      tubes by means of blunt dissection or trocar. In addition, the high risk of
      injury to the lung or other viscera by trocars is avoided.

PMID- 3369627
TI  - Aortic dissection. A six year experience with 117 patients.
AB  - Acute aortic dissection is a medical emergency that demands immediate recognition
      and early precise angiographic diagnosis. One hundred seventeen patients were
      found to have aortic dissection between 1980 and 1986. Clinical presentation is
      of importance since hypertension favors the presence of type B dissection,
      whereas normotension or hypotension is usually indicative of a type A lesion.
      Supportive treatment should allow stabilization for diagnosis by angiography or
      computerized tomography in order to proceed with early surgical repair of all
      type A dissections. Management of the acute type B patient should initially be
      medical, but immediate surgical treatment should be carried out if there is
      failure to control the hypertension, continued pain, expansion or rupture of the
      aneurysm (including appearance of a pleural collection), development of a
      neurologic deficit, or evidence of compromise of a major infradiaphragmatic
      aortic branch. Any delay in surgical treatment once an indicative complication is
      identified will have an early adverse effect on prognosis. By applying these
      guidelines, an overall 65 to 75 percent hospital survival rate should be
      achieved.

PMID- 3369628
TI  - Lower extremity revascularization with in situ saphenous vein for critical
      ischemia.
AB  - Over a 3 1/2 year period, 55 limbs were revascularized with in situ saphenous
      vein bypass grafts in 49 patients. Ninety-five percent of grafts were constructed
      in patients with critical ischemia for limb salvage, and 5 percent were
      constructed for debilitating claudication. The proximal anastomosis was performed
      in the groin in all patients. The distal graft was taken to the popliteal artery
      in 45 percent and to a tibial or isolated popliteal segment in 55 percent, with
      55 percent of the grafts having single-vessel runoff. The perioperative mortality
      rate was 7 percent. The primary immediate patency rate was 91 percent and the
      secondary immediate patency rate was 98 percent at 1 month. The cumulative
      patency rate at 42 months was 85.4 percent overall, 86.6 percent for the tibial
      grafts, and 84 percent for the popliteal grafts. The cumulative limb salvage rate
      was 100 percent for the popliteal grafts, 90 percent for the tibial grafts, and
      94.5 percent overall. All of the patients were followed and 3 required secondary
      revision. In situ vein bypass is a technically demanding procedure that can be
      performed successfully in high-risk patients with limbs with minimal runoff and
      can yield very high long-term patency and limb salvage rates in a community
      hospital setting.

PMID- 3369629
TI  - Impact of advanced trauma life support training on early trauma management.
AB  - To assess the impact of ATLS education on early trauma management, charts of
      patients with an ISS of 14 or greater were reviewed for a 1 year period before
      and after ATLS training of emergency room trauma care providers. There were 50
      patients in the before ATLS group, with a mean age of 41.6 years and an ISS of
      29.8, and 71 patients in the after ATLS group, with a mean age of 40.6 years and
      an ISS of 30.6. Of those parameters evaluated as measures of early assessment,
      only rectal examination was found to be performed significantly more frequently
      after ATLS training. The mortality rates of 26 percent before ATLS and 20 percent
      after ATLS were not significantly different. In evaluating assessment and
      management parameters in the patients who died, no airway management errors were
      found in the after ATLS group; however, there were more missed injuries in this
      group. We have concluded that ATLS instruction failed to produce a quantifiable
      improvement in patient assessment or outcome. Further studies directed at
      assessing the retention rate for ATLS education and determining the impact on
      clinical performance are needed.

PMID- 3369630
TI  - Patterns of injury in helmeted and nonhelmeted motorcyclists.
AB  - In the present study, the incidence of severe brain injury was 600 percent higher
      for patients riding without a helmet and the incidence of all brain injuries was
      nearly twice as high in the nonhelmeted riders. All surviving patients with
      severe brain injury sustained residual long-term disability. The incidence of
      injury and death was much higher for motorcyclists than for occupants of
      automobiles involved in accidents. Riding a motorcycle is dangerous and riding
      without a helmet is fool-hardy. Helmets also protect the face, as facial
      fractures were twice as common in the nonhelmeted riders. There were no
      significant differences between nonhelmeted and helmeted motorcyclists in terms
      of overall injury as measured by an injury severity score of 16 or greater.
      Orthopedic injuries, in this study, were so common that orthopedic surgeons
      performed more major operations than all other surgical specialists combined.
      Depth of orthopedic coverage is essential to treat significant numbers of injured
      motorcyclists. Neurosurgeons are key members of a trauma care team. Helmet laws
      would help us utilize our limited neurosurgical capacity more effectively by
      reducing the incidence of brain injury. Medical professionals must educate the
      public regarding the societal and personal cost of unhelmeted motorcycle riding.
      Legislation mandating helmet usage for motorcycle riders must be sought.

PMID- 3369631
TI  - Right ventricular dysfunction in multiple trauma victims.
AB  - We studied 17 victims of multiple trauma and found that right ventricular
      function can be reliably monitored at the bedside using the thermodilution
      method. In addition, we noted that right ventricular dysfunction occurred early
      in victims of major trauma without affecting the left ventricular function. If
      right ventricular function does not improve, the patient is likely to die.
      Further studies are needed to determine if early intervention aimed at improving
      right ventricular function can improve survival.

PMID- 3369632
TI  - [The role of fetal neuropeptides in the regulation of the labor process
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 3369633
TI  - [Disorders of feto-placental circulation and the selection of optimal obstetrical
      tactics in this pathology].

PMID- 3369634
TI  - [The role and place of rational metabolic correction of adaptive-homeostatic
      reactions of the placenta in perinatal pharmacotherapy].

PMID- 3369635
TI  - [The role of lipid hydroperoxides in the development of fetal hepato-cerebral
      pathology (experimental study)].

PMID- 3369637
TI  - [In the name of maternal and child health].

PMID- 3369636
TI  - [Characteristics of the echographic image of intracranial hemorrhage in premature
      newborn infants].

PMID- 3369638
TI  - [Informative value of intranatal cardiotocography during delivery of low birth
      weight infants].

PMID- 3369639
TI  - [Predicting the congenital defects of fetal development on the basis of clinical
      and genealogical examination of the parents].

PMID- 3369640
TI  - [Fetal lung maturity in multiple pregnancy].

PMID- 3369641
TI  - [Characteristics of cardiac rhythm in premature neonates after immediate and
      delayed ligation of the umbilical cord during adaptation to extrauterine life].

PMID- 3369642
TI  - [Formation of rest-activity rhythm and its significance in the evaluation of
      fetal and neonatal disorders].

PMID- 3369643
TI  - [Clinical significance of class M immunoglobulin monomers and pentamers in
      infants in the early neonatal period].

PMID- 3369644
TI  - [Selective salpingography in the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy].

PMID- 3369645
TI  - [Characteristics of mechanical cardiac activity in newborn infants born to
      mothers with hypertension].

PMID- 3369646
TI  - [Measurement of uterine fundus elevation in the diagnosis of fetal hypotrophy].

PMID- 3369647
TI  - [Functional test using hypertonic glucose solution for the evaluation of the
      excretory function of fetal kidneys].

PMID- 3369648
TI  - [Prevention of omphalitis in newborn infants by using the preparation Lifuzol].

PMID- 3369649
TI  - [Epidural anesthesia as a method of analgesia in premature labor].

PMID- 3369650
TI  - [Principles of drug therapy during pregnancy].

PMID- 3369651
TI  - [30 years of legal artificial abortion in Bulgaria--conclusions and problems].

PMID- 3369652
TI  - [Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity during the first trimester of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3369653
TI  - [Experimental approaches in studying the effect of alcohol on fetal development].

PMID- 3369654
TI  - [Cervical pregnancy--clinical aspects, diagnosis and management].

PMID- 3369655
TI  - [Our experience in treating prolonged pregnancy].

PMID- 3369656
TI  - [Sensitization of the uterus with estrogens].

PMID- 3369657
TI  - [Oxytocin infusion and nonhemolytic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia].

PMID- 3369658
TI  - [Neonatal growth and body weight after the 36th gestational week--indices in
      maternal age over 30].

PMID- 3369659
TI  - [Standards for determining the physical development of newborn infants in the
      area of the former Smolyan Province].

PMID- 3369661
TI  - [Uremic hypogonadism syndrome and the possibilities of its treatment].

PMID- 3369660
TI  - [Thyrotropic-thyroid function in women with uterine hemorrhages in the
      premenopause].

PMID- 3369662
TI  - [Subfundic hysterography].

PMID- 3369663
TI  - [Intrauterine contraception in the case of a uterus bicornis after individual
      molding of the arms of the pessary].

PMID- 3369664
TI  - [Case of dysgerminoma in childhood].

PMID- 3369665
TI  - [Rare case of ectopic interstitial pregnancy following adnexectomy for a previous
      extrauterine pregnancy].

PMID- 3369666
TI  - Effect of acute hypovolemic hypotension on cerebral metabolism in newborn
      piglets.
AB  - To evaluate the temporal changes in cerebral energy metabolism in shock during
      the perinatal period, we studied cerebral blood flow (CBF) and other metabolic
      variables in newborn piglets subjected an acute hypovolemic hypotension (HVH). By
      30 minutes following HVH, the cardiac output dropped 64%, but the CBF was
      maintained. Serum glucose rose 110% baseline, resulting in an increase in brain
      glucose delivery. Cerebral metabolic rate of glucose also increased 246%, while
      that of oxygen remained unaffected. Further, at 30 minutes of HVH, systemic
      arterial lactate levels increased 250%, but cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate
      levels remained in the normal range. By contrast, at 60 minutes following HVH,
      the CBF dropped 60%, the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose dropped 45%, and
      that of oxygen 43% of the respective baseline values. A profound systemic
      lactatemia was noted (500% baseline value), with a concomitant rise in the CSF
      lactate levels to 190% baseline value. These findings suggest that post
      hemorrhagic hypovolemia can be divided into two arbitrary, but distinct phases:
      1) An initial phase of relative compensation lasting approximately 30 minutes,
      during which time the brain utilization of metabolic substrates is well
      preserved. 2) A later phase of decompensation by 60 minutes of HVH, during which
      time the CBF as well as brain utilization of metabolic substrates drop
      significantly. By this time a loss of blood-CSF or brain-CSF barrier for lactate
      can be seen. The findings of this study may have important implications in the
      treatment of hemorrhagic shock in the perinatal period.

PMID- 3369667
TI  - Reflectance spectrophotometry, cerebral blood flow and congestion in young rabbit
      brain.
AB  - Reflectance spectrophotometry was applied to examine experimental cerebral
      oxygenation and hemodynamics in young rabbits. The estimated brain tissue SO2
      level (ISO2) showed a prompt response to acute hypoxemia. The estimated brain
      tissue hemoglobin concentration (IHb) showed good correlation with CBF changes,
      estimated by the H2 clearance method, on hypoxemia or hypercarbia, and with
      cerebral congestion on neck venous compression. Moreover, trend recording of IHb
      and ISO2 was useful for monitoring the cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic
      changes, including CBF as well as congestion.

PMID- 3369668
TI  - Child-parent relationships in the care of epileptic children.
AB  - We investigated the attitudes of parents toward their epileptic children with the
      "Taken" diagnostic test for child-parent relationships. Included were 70
      epileptic children, 31 boys and 39 girls, and their parents, 16 fathers and 59
      mothers. Patients were divided into group A, 35 children without neurologic
      complications other than seizures, and group B, 35 children with complications.
      The results were evaluated by comparing with the normal standard revised by
      Akasaka et al. The parents of group A and the fathers of group B showed rejection
      toward their children. The mothers of group B showed attitudes of dotage and
      anxiety, especially when their children were over 12 years of age and the
      seizures were not controlled. Our observations suggest that mental health care
      for the parents of epileptic children is necessary to decrease the psychological
      conflicts and to prevent untoward effects on their offspring.

PMID- 3369669
TI  - Congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type)--changes in the white matter low
      density on CT.
AB  - Sixty-two computed tomographic (CT) scans of 36 patients with congenital muscular
      dystrophy of Fukuyama type (FCMD) were analysed. A low density area in the
      cerebral white matter was characteristic of FCMD and a special reference was made
      to the changes in the white matter low density. It was present in 15 patients out
      of 36 (42%) and frequently seen in the scans obtained on the younger patients;
      among 11 scans taken of patients between 1 and 2 years of age, 10 scans (91%)
      showed the white matter low density. Repeated CT scans were carried out on 26 of
      the 36 cases. Follow-up study revealed that the white matter low density areas
      were most apparent around the age of one year and decreased or disappeared at 2
      or 3 years of age. From these observations, delayed myelination was suspected for
      the pathogenesis of the low density area found in FCMD.

PMID- 3369671
TI  - Congenital muscular dystrophy of a non-Fukuyama type with characteristic CT
      images.

PMID- 3369670
TI  - A case of late variant form of infantile Krabbe disease with a partial deficiency
      of galactocerebrosidase.
AB  - A female was diagnosed as a late variant form of infantile Krabbe disease at 1
      year and 3 months because of the late onset of regressive clinical course,
      decreased motor nerve conduction velocities, high cerebrospinal protein
      concentration and partial deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (15.6%) in the
      cultured skin fibroblasts. She showed normal development until 8 months when she
      lost her ability of sitting alone after febrile infection, and died accidentally
      at 2 years and 4 months. A considerable residual enzyme activity may correlate to
      the milder clinical course of this case.

PMID- 3369672
TI  - Recovery curve of the H-reflex in normal infants, central coordination
      disturbance cases and cerebral palsy patients within the first year of life.
AB  - The differences in the recovery curve of the H-reflex in the gastrocnemius within
      the first year of life were evaluated among 81 normal controls, 40 infants with
      cerebral palsy and 11 infants with central coordination disturbance (CCD). In
      normal controls, the recoveries for the groups of under 6 months of age were more
      marked than those for the groups of 6 months and over of age, with interstimulus
      intervals of 400 msec and less. The results for the infants with cerebral palsy
      showed more rapid recovery and facilitation of the reflex compared to those in
      the normal control infants throughout the first year of life. The recovery curves
      for the infants with CCD were similar to those for the infants with cerebral
      palsy in part. It was considered that the recovery curve of the H-reflex might
      provide additional information for evaluating an infant's motor function.

PMID- 3369673
TI  - [Passive transfer. Is it worth the effort?].

PMID- 3369674
TI  - [Clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of long-acting
      theophylline in children with asthma].

PMID- 3369675
TI  - [Immunoglobulin E and chronic urticaria syndrome].

PMID- 3369676
TI  - Affinity chromatography of a sequence-specific DNA binding protein using Teflon
      linked oligonucleotides.
AB  - An affinity matrix was constructed by synthesis of a DNA oligonucleotide on a
      Teflon fiber support followed by deblocking and hybridization of the
      complementary strand. It was used to purify a sequence-specific binding protein
      at least 100-fold to near homogeneity. This matrix is easily fabricated on an
      automated DNA synthesizer, contains high levels of attached DNA, and has superior
      mechanical properties. It should be generally useful for affinity chromatography
      of DNA binding proteins.

PMID- 3369677
TI  - An assay for the alpha-tocopherol binding protein mediated transfer of vitamin E
      between membranes.
AB  - A model system consisting of donor membrane (egg lecithin liposomes) and acceptor
      membrane (human erythrocyte ghosts or rat liver mitochondria) were used to
      investigate the alpha-tocopherol binding protein (alpha TBP) mediated transfer of
      alpha-tocopherol. Liposomes containing RRR-[alpha-3H]tocopherol ([alpha-3H]T)
      were incubated with acceptor membrane at 37 degrees C for 0-45 min in the
      presence or absence of rat liver cytosol or a dialyzed 30-60% saturated ammonium
      sulfate precipitated fraction of rat liver cytosol (Fraction B). Erythrocyte
      ghosts and liver mitochondria were compared and found to behave similarly in the
      presence of Fraction B. alpha-Tocopherol transfer activity (alpha TTA) typically
      varied 0- to 27-fold greater than buffer blanks, depending upon type and
      concentration of protein preparation. Gel filtration of Fraction B yielded one
      alpha TTA peak (liver mitochondria as acceptor) with an estimated Mr of 39,000.
      [alpha-3H]T recovered from erythrocyte ghosts pellets by HPLC suggest that the
      [alpha-3H]T was transferred intact. alpha TTA of Fraction B in the presence of
      varying concentrations of erythrocyte ghosts and liposomal [alpha-3H]T followed
      saturation kinetics. Optimal concentrations gave alpha TTA responses directly
      proportional to rat liver cytosol concentration. alpha TTA was inhibited only 5%
      in the presence of a 32-fold excess of cold liposomal alpha-tocopheryl acetate
      suggesting that the free hydroxyl group on the chromanol ring of alpha-tocopherol
      is needed for transfer. Coefficient of variation of repeated measures of alpha
      TTA in rat liver cytosol was 2.9%. Thus, the intermembrane transfer phenomenon of
      alpha-tocopherol can be studied quantitatively and can be used to compare liver
      protein preparations exhibiting transfer activity.

PMID- 3369678
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators for
      biological application.
AB  - The application of the quinoline derivative 6-methoxy-N-(3
      sulfopropyl)quinolinium (SPQ) to the measurement of membrane transport of
      chloride in biological systems was reported recently (N.P. Illsley and A.S.
      Verkman (1987) Biochemistry 26, 1215-1219). To understand the structure-activity
      relationships of compounds with chloride-sensitive fluorescence properties, 19
      structural analogs of SPQ having a single quaternized nitrogen heteroatom were
      synthesized and characterized. The effect of variations in ring structure, length
      of sulfoalkyl chain, position of ring substituent, and nature of ring substituent
      were examined. For each compound, the water solubility, octanol:water partition
      coefficient, absorbance and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetime, and
      Stern-Volmer constants (Kq) for quenching by a series of anions were measured.
      All compounds were quenched by chloride, bromide, iodide, and thiocyanate, but
      not by cations, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, or by pH (5-8); several compounds
      were quenched slightly by bicarbonate (Kq = 8-12 M-1). High chloride sensitivity
      (Kq greater than 50 M-1) required the presence of a quinoline backbone
      substituted with electron-donating groups such as methyl and methoxy, but did not
      depend on length of the sulfoalkyl chain or on the position of ring substituents
      (positions 2-7). All compounds with high chloride sensitivity had fluorescence
      excitation spectra in the ultraviolet (excitation maximum less than 350 nm) and
      fluorescence lifetimes greater than 15 ns. These results establish a set of
      guidelines for synthesis of chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators tailored
      for specific biological applications.

PMID- 3369679
TI  - Incomplete hydrolysis of the calcium indicator precursor fura-2
      pentaacetoxymethyl ester (fura-2 AM) by cells.
AB  - Fura-2 AM is an esterified cell-permeant form of the Ca2+ indicator fura-2 (1-[2
      (5-carboxyoxal-2-yl)-6-aminobenzofuran-5-oxyl]-2-(2'-a mino-5'- methylphenoxy)
      ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). Fura-2 AM has been reported to be completely
      cleaved by cellular esterases to fura-2 which is trapped within cells and is used
      to measure intracellular free Ca2+ concentration by a fluorescence ratio method.
      Successful application of the method requires that fura-2 be the major cellular
      fluorescent metabolite of fura-2 AM. We have used high-performance liquid
      chromatography to study fura-2 AM hydrolysis by cells. Murine N1E-115
      neuroblastoma cells incubated with 10 microM fura-2 AM formed fura-2 at a rate of
      9.7 pmol/min/10(6) cells. The concentration of fura-2 in the cells after 60 min,
      assuming uniform distribution, was 137 microM. Smaller amounts of at least four
      other metabolites were present, as well as large amounts of unhydrolyzed fura-2
      AM. Washing the cells with medium containing 2% bovine serum albumin decreased
      the concentration of fura-2 to 40 microM and that of fura-2 AM to 90 microM. The
      half-time for loss of fura-2 from neuroblastoma cells after washing was 34 min.
      Human pulmonary artery endothelial (HPAE) cells formed fura-2 at a rate of 2.6
      nmol/min/10(6) cells and the concentration of fura-2 after 60 min of incubation
      and washing with albumin containing medium was 130 microM, and the concentration
      of fura-2 AM was 58 microM. The half-time for loss of fura-2 from washed HPAE
      cells was 74 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369680
TI  - Multisample parallel array fraction collector: application in DNA alkaline
      elution studies.
AB  - A fraction collector designed specifically to be compatible with the analytical
      techniques of alkaline and neutral elution of DNA from carcinogen-treated cells
      is described. This apparatus, which is operated by microchip controls, permits
      simultaneous collection of as many as 20 eluted samples directly into standard-
      or small-size scintillation vials contained in manufacturer's shipping cartons.
      This instrument saves operator time, offers considerable flexibility, and has
      several fail-safe features.

PMID- 3369681
TI  - Simultaneous electroelution and concentration of DNA fragments from agarose gels.
AB  - A rapid and inexpensive method for the electroelution of DNA fragments from
      agarose gels is described. DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel
      electrophoresis and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. Selected DNA
      fragments were placed into electroeluter tubes capped with dialysis membrane and
      electroeluted into a small volume of buffer using a conventional horizontal gel
      electrophoresis apparatus. The method successfully eluted and concentrated DNA
      fragments with molecular weights ranging from 2.7 to 13.9 MDa in 3 h.

PMID- 3369682
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the pyridinium crosslinks of collagen in urine using ion
      paired reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method has been developed for the simultaneous and rapid analysis of the 3
      hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of mature collagen, pyridinoline and
      deoxypyridinoline, in samples of urine and tissue. After hydrolysis in 6 M HCl,
      samples were prefractionated by partition chromatography using columns packed
      with cellulose CF1. The appropriate fractions were freeze-dried and then
      subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography using a gradient system with
      20 mM NH4Cl, pH 3.5, and acetonitrile, incorporating 1-octanesulfonic acid as an
      ion-pairing agent; the pyridinium crosslinks were detected fluorometrically. The
      limit of detection of both crosslinks was 1 pmol. The mean recoveries of added
      standard to samples ranged between 94.2 and 97.2%, and the reproducibility of the
      complete procedure was between 12 and 16%. An application of the method in the
      study of degenerative disorders of bone and connective tissue is illustrated.

PMID- 3369683
TI  - Novel approach to affinity chromatography using "weak" monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Affinity purification generally relies on specific high-affinity recognition
      between two species of biological molecules: one molecular species (the ligate)
      dissolved in a mobile phase is selectively adsorbed to the other species (the
      ligand) coupled to a solid support. Desorption of the ligate often requires harsh
      conditions that degrade biological activity of the purified product. As an
      alternative to this general procedure, we have studied affinity chromatography in
      a weak affinity mode, where ligand-ligate interactions are in dynamic
      equilibrium. Ligates recognized with low affinities (dissociation constant
      greater than 10(-4) M) elute from affinity columns under mild, isocratic
      conditions as retarded peaks, separated from noninteracting solutes that elute in
      the void volume. To illustrate the procedure, we report chromatography of an
      oligosaccharide on a 2-ml column containing 86 mg of a monoclonal antibody
      coupled to 10-micron microparticulate silica particles. Using a temperature
      sensitive antibody, we observed that when the ligand-ligate dissociation constant
      is greater than 10(-3) M, performance of the system exceeds 300 theoretical
      plates/10 cm column length and approaches the efficiencies generally associated
      with high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3369684
TI  - A microtiter-based assay for protein kinase activity suitable for the analysis of
      large numbers of samples, and its application to the study of Drosophila learning
      mutants.
AB  - We have developed a microtiter-based assay for protein kinase activity which
      depends on the immobilization of substrate proteins to nitrocellulose. The
      technique makes use of a filtration manifold, allowing as much as a 10-fold
      increase in efficiency as compared to other protein kinase assays. We have used
      this assay to measure cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in Drosophila learning
      and memory mutants, with exogenous and endogenous substrates. An alteration was
      found in the affinity of PKA in the mutant turnip. The procedure should be useful
      for rapid screening of mutants and drugs and could be adapted to additional types
      of protein kinases as well as protein phosphatases.

PMID- 3369685
TI  - Fractionation of type V collagen from carcinomatous and dysplasic breast in the
      presence of alkaline potassium chloride.
AB  - A simple, one-step fractionation technique suitable for the finest quantitation
      of type V collagen from acidic mixtures of interstitial collagens is reported.
      The technique is based on the higher solubility of this collagen type in alkaline
      KCl-phosphate solution, and the purity of the sample has been monitored by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electron microscopic
      analyses. The latter reveal that the majority of the molecules are endowed with a
      thread portion and a terminal knob, and show a low tendency to originate ordered
      and reproducible polymers at low temperature.

PMID- 3369686
TI  - Determination of human fibroblasts metabolism in vitro by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry of cell-excreted metabolites.
AB  - In order to develop an approach to the study of cell metabolism in vitro, we
      undertook the determination of metabolites excreted by human skin diploid
      fibroblasts into culture medium using high-resolution gas chromatography in
      combination with mass spectrometry. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric
      characteristics of 29 metabolites have been obtained, and 11 of the metabolites
      have been identified. The excreted metabolites reflect the activity of certain
      metabolic processes in fibroblasts in vitro. A comparison of chromatographic and
      mass spectrometric characteristics of the cell metabolites and of those excreted
      from the body in urine showed most of the metabolites excreted by fibroblasts to
      be different from the urine metabolites. The possibility of secondary conversion
      of cell metabolites in the organism and the specificity of metabolism in cells of
      different tissues are discussed.

PMID- 3369687
TI  - Properties of the clot assay, an easy quantitative assay of DNA endonucleases.
AB  - A systematic examination of the properties of the clot assay, a highly sensitive
      and simple method to detect DNase activities, is presented. It is shown that it
      is both quantitative and specific for monitoring the double-strand cleavage of
      DNA produced by specific and nonspecific endonucleases. Its simplicity and ease
      of quantification, which exceeds that of other methods of similar sensitivity,
      indicates that the clot assay can be advantageous in monitoring the activity of
      both types of endonucleases, especially if carried out in parallel with other
      more informative assays on the mechanism of action of the enzymes. As an example
      of its use, it is shown that pancreatic DNase I is capable, in the absence of
      external metal addition, of a limited attack on DNA containing bound divalent
      cations.

PMID- 3369688
TI  - Elsie 4: quantitative computer analysis of sets of two-dimensional gel
      electrophoretograms.
AB  - We have developed and refined a system for quantitative computer analysis of two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms. The system, named Elsie 4, is
      based on one described by Vo et al. (Anal. Biochem. 112, 258 (1981]. It is highly
      automated. Elsie 4 can find, and measure the intensity of, almost any spot
      resolvable on two-dimensional gels, including spots visible only as shoulders off
      larger spots and spots so close together that there is no "valley" between them.
      It can automatically match the spot patterns of different gels, potentially
      without the need for a user to provide landmark matches. The matches between
      paired gels let us follow the synthesis of any spot through a set of gels.
      Information about a group of matched spots can be obtained by referring to any
      spot in the group. There is generally no need for a standard or reference gel.
      Data for two experiments can be combined and compared by matching any gel in one
      experiment with any gel in the other. There are ways to automatically find
      possible mismatches in sets of gels. Scans and the results of the analysis can be
      shown on an image displayer. The programs use function libraries; this helps
      ensure consistency and increase portability. The programs and functions can be
      linked together in many ways; this lets users build custom programs for analysis
      of specific experiments.

PMID- 3369690
TI  - A partition assay for the simultaneous determination of insect juvenile hormone
      esterase and epoxide hydrolase activity.
AB  - A partition assay was developed to measure insect juvenile hormone (JH) I and III
      metabolism in biological samples containing both JH esterase and JH epoxide
      hydrolase activity. The assay utilizes commercially available radiochain 3H
      labeled JH as substrate and the selective JH esterase inhibitor 3-octylthio-1,1,1
      trifluoro-2-propanone. JH partitions into an isooctane phase and the metabolites
      JH acid, JH diol, and JH diol-acid into aqueous methanol after incubation of JH
      substrate with inhibited and uninhibited sample. The assay provides a time- and
      cost-efficient alternative to the currently available thin-layer chromatography
      method for the measurement of JH esterase and epoxide hydrolase activity.

PMID- 3369689
TI  - Affinity purification of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase using derivatized epoxy
      activated Sepharose gels.
AB  - Improved affinity chromatography procedures for the purification of cytosolic
      epoxide hydrolase are described. An earlier affinity purification method using
      immobilized 7-methoxycitronellyl thiol (MCT) sporadically produced final enzyme
      preparations containing major impurities. To eliminate these impurities, we
      tested alternate ligands, spacer arms, and ligand concentrations. A series of
      alkyl and aryl thiols coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose were found to exhibit
      markedly different binding characteristics as compared with commercially
      available alkyl- and aryl-Sepharose gels. Using one of these new matrices,
      benzylthio-Sepharose, cytosolic epoxide hydrolase from mouse liver was purified
      over 100-fold, appeared homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and was obtained with 60-90% recovery of enzyme activity. The
      impurities previously observed with the MCT-Sepharose procedure were reduced or
      eliminated by using an MCT ligand concentration of 5 microequivalents per gram or
      less. MCT-Sepharose and benzylthio-Sepharose provide rapid and convenient one
      step procedures for obtaining purified cytosolic epoxide hydrolase from numerous
      species and tissues.

PMID- 3369691
TI  - Identification and measurement of kynurenic acid in the rat brain and other
      organs.
AB  - Kynurenic acid, a biologically active tryptophan metabolite, has been identified
      and measured in the rat brain and other organs using HPLC and GC/MS. Both the
      described methods required extraction of the compound in alkaline ethanol and
      initial purification on Dowex ion-exchange resins. The GC/MS approach used 3
      hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid as an internal standard and a derivatization procedure
      with diazomethane and trifluoroacetic anhydride. The HPLC procedure was performed
      on a reverse-phase column using a spectrophotometric detector. Both the GC/MS and
      the HPLC methods had the lowest detection limit in the range of 10
      pmol/injection, but the variability of the results was lower when HPLC was used.
      HPLC analysis showed the content of kynurenic acid to be 14 +/- 2 pmol/g wet wt
      in the brain, 75 +/- 7 in the heart, 87 +/- 8 in the liver, and 298 +/- 10 in the
      kidneys. Comparable but variable values were obtained with GC/MS.

PMID- 3369692
TI  - Tritium labeling of a powerful methylphosphonate inhibitor of cholinesterase:
      synthesis and biological applications.
AB  - 7-(Methylethoxy phosphinyloxy)-1-methyl-quinolinium iodide (MEPQ), a powerful
      anti-cholinesterase methylphosphonate ester, was labeled with tritium (9 Ci/mmol)
      at the methylphosphonyl moiety (TCH2P(O)(OR)X) by an iodine-tritium replacement
      reaction. Kinetic measurements of the rate of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
      (AChE) by [3H]MEPQ and its rate of hydrolysis in alkaline solution confirmed the
      identity of [3H]MEPQ with authentic MEPQ, which was prepared by the same reaction
      sequences. Gel-filtration experiments verified the radiospecificity of [3H]MEPQ.
      In vitro radiolabeling of both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase along with the
      whole-body autoradiography of [3H]MEPQ-treated mice suggests that [3H]MEPQ is a
      convenient marker for studying biological systems containing these esterases.

PMID- 3369694
TI  - Luminol chemiluminescent determination of glucose or glucose oxidase activity
      using an inverted micellar system.

PMID- 3369693
TI  - Paper substrate room-temperature phosphorimetry of polyaromatic hydrocarbons
      enhanced by surface-active agents.

PMID- 3369695
TI  - Liquid chromatographic separation of analyte anions with iron(II) 1,10
      phenanthroline as a mobile-phase additive: origin and parameters in indirect
      detection.

PMID- 3369696
TI  - Ultrasensitive, simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, tin, and
      antimony in aqueous solution by hydride generation gas chromatography with
      photoionization detection.

PMID- 3369697
TI  - Analysis of flavor and fragrance compounds using supercritical fluid extraction
      coupled with gas chromatography.

PMID- 3369698
TI  - Resonant Raman scattering as a source of increased background in synchrotron
      excited X-ray fluorescence.

PMID- 3369699
TI  - In situ electrochemical renewal of glassy carbon electrodes.

PMID- 3369700
TI  - Determination of methyl bromide in air samples by headspace gas chromatography.

PMID- 3369701
TI  - Recent advances in microcolumn liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3369702
TI  - Interlaboratory comparison of methane electron capture negative ion mass spectra.

PMID- 3369703
TI  - Liquid chromatographic artifacts and peak distortion: sample-solvent interactions
      in the separation of carotenoids.

PMID- 3369704
TI  - Density differences in the spermatozoa of normozoospermic, asthenozoospermic and
      oligo-asthenozoospermic males.
AB  - The spermatozoa densities of the ejaculates obtained daily for five days from
      infertile males were compared to the spermatozoa densities of the ejaculates
      obtained from normozoospermic donors. The density distribution of the spermatozoa
      was established on Percoll columns of discontinuous densities. The density
      dispersion patterns of five consecutive days from each donor within a donor group
      were used to establish the main, daily density dispersion patterns. The five,
      daily, mean dispersion patterns were used to create 3-dimensional graphs of
      density dispersion variations. The 3-dimensional graphs from the infertile male
      groups show negligible daily variations as compared to that of the healthy males.
      The absence of wide daily variations is suggested to be considered as a sign of
      faulty epididymal functioning.

PMID- 3369705
TI  - Changes in seminal quality following oral zinc therapy.
AB  - 33 subfertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia and/or oligozoospermia were
      treated with oral zinc sulphate. After treatment a significant improvement in the
      percentage progressive and total sperm motility was noted accompanied by a
      significant increase in seminal fluid zinc levels.

PMID- 3369706
TI  - Determination of human sperm count and sperm motility using a laser beam and the
      Doppler effect (LAZYMOT machine).
AB  - For 25 consecutive human semen samples, a comparison was made of sperm count and
      sperm motility values obtained by routine manual methods and by using a machine
      that measures these functions by analysing the deflection of an impinging laser
      beam (Lazymot machine). Sperm counts in undiluted semen were approximately 5
      times higher with the laser machine. As sperm counts increased to about 300
      million/ml the counts obtained by the two methods converged as the chance of the
      beam hitting a spermatozoon and not another type of particle increased. In semen
      diluted 1 + 4 with Baker's solution, the uncorrected laser count agreed well with
      the sperm count obtained using a haemocytometer. Multiplication of the laser
      count by 5 did not reach the same count as that measured in the undiluted sample,
      showing that the dilution had dissolved some of the smaller particles. It was
      recommended to measure laser percentage motility in undiluted semen but the
      values obtained bore no relationship to those obtained using a haemocytometer and
      neither did the values obtained for laser percentage sperm with progressive
      motility. The mean laser velocity of the total motility was 23-64 micron/sec and
      for the progressive particles was 48-84 micron/sec, values which were much faster
      that the acceptably normal values of 8-30 micron/sec found for selected
      progressively motile spermatozoa timed with a stopwatch. The laser machine
      detected an increase in counts and the presence of residual motility after
      cytoplasm had been stripped away from the spermatozoa with a saponin reagent. The
      laser machine was unable to detect any increase in speed on increasing the
      temperature to 37 degrees C. It was concluded that the Lazymot machine as
      presently designed is not useful in the andrological laboratory for routine
      counting and motility determinations, mainly due to the absence of a size
      discriminator against the multitude of small particles that are present in human
      semen.

PMID- 3369707
TI  - [The practicality of laser-Doppler spectrometry in andrology].
AB  - Hereby we inform about the experimental results obtained using the Lazymot
      apparatus. It was shown that the assay for both the sperm density and the sperm
      motility rate are most unreliable. Marked differences were shown between the
      results obtained from the manual counting procedures and those with the Lazymot
      device. The input of work into using this apparatus shows no correlation to the
      output of results. Therefore the Lazymot device is not useful for the routine
      laboratory diagnostic.

PMID- 3369708
TI  - Changes in seminal parameters of ejaculates after repeated ejaculation.
AB  - Seminal fluid parameters of ejaculates collected via masturbation successively
      after sixty minute interval were compared. Volumes of semen were in most cases
      significantly lower in the second ejaculations as compared with the first. Sperm
      density was higher in the second specimen only in 32 patients (31% of the group).
      The percentage of motile spermatozoa was comparable in both specimens. The
      velocity was in the second specimens significantly lower. The percentage of
      morphologically defective forms of spermatozoa was found to be approximately the
      same in both specimens. The use of successive ejaculation will have hardly any
      greater clinical importance in the treatment of hypofertile men.

PMID- 3369709
TI  - Kallikrein and antibiotics in the treatment of infertile men with genital tract
      infections.
AB  - A randomised group of 120 men with oligoasthenozoospermia and genital infections
      was investigated. All men received antibiotic treatment in a duration of 8 to 12
      weeks, 64 men additionally kallikrein in a dosage of 600 units per day for a
      period of 3 months. No significant difference in sperm parameters could be
      detected between the two groups at the beginning of the study. After therapy a
      significant improvement was measured in sperm count as well as in percentage of
      motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa in either group. But in infertile
      men treated with antibiotics plus kallikrein improvement in sperm motility and
      percentage of normally shaped spermatozoa was significantly higher than in the
      non-kallikrein group. Pregnancy rate of 32% in the kallikrein treated group was
      higher than in the other group where it reached 17%. On the basis of these
      results we can conclude that treatment of infertile men with genital infections
      with antibiotics plus kallikrein is more effective than with antibiotics alone.

PMID- 3369710
TI  - [Separation of motile spermatozoa by "Separon" as measured by a videomicrography
      computer system].
AB  - By means of a recently developed apparatus ("Separon") motile spermatozoa were
      concentrated in a small volume of culture medium (0,3 ml). Sperm concentration,
      progressive motility and mean velocity of 60 ejaculates were determined by a
      computerized videomicrography system. After "Separon" sperm concentration was
      reduced in an average of 30%, mean progressive motility was increased from 27% to
      42% (asthenospermic ejaculates) and from 45% to 84% (control ejaculates)
      respectively. Mean sperm velocity was increased from 18,5 to 34,5 microns/sec.
      (control ejaculates).

PMID- 3369711
TI  - [Fertility studies in malignancy (tumors of the testicle, malignant melanomas,
      cancer of the thyroid gland)].
AB  - The examination of 83 patients suffering from tumours (78 tumours of the
      testicle, 4 melanoblastomas, 1 carcinoma of the thyroid gland) led to conclusions
      on the effect of complex therapy on spermiogenesis. By means of spermiograms
      carried out in the course of the illness we found out restrictions of fertility
      which were more distinctly marked with patients suffering from gonadal tumours
      than with patients suffering from extragonadal tumours. The loss in ejaculation
      after RLN with existing tumours of the testes has to be considered as a
      disturbance in fertility to the highest degree. X-ray therapy impairs
      spermiogenesis more than chemotherapeutics. After chemotherapy we observed a
      recovery of spermiogenesis, after x-ray therapy only then if there were no
      irreversible damages of the germinal epithelium.

PMID- 3369712
TI  - Lack of birth defects among offspring conceived during or after paternal exposure
      to dibromochloropropane (DBCP).
AB  - The present study describes birth defects and health status of offspring of men
      with dibromochloropropane (DBCP) induced testicular dysfunction. One case with a
      major anomaly (urinary bladder extrophy and epispadias) and 2 cases of minor
      birth defects were observed among the 34 children evaluated. This rate was
      similar and not significantly different (p = 0.80) from that observed in a
      control group of 51 children conceived during pre-exposure in the same families.
      The health status of all the children was unremarkable. It is concluded that
      paternal exposure to DBCP, severe enough to cause azoospermia or oligozoospermia,
      did not increase the rate of congenital malformations or of impaired health
      status of offspring conceived during or after exposure.

PMID- 3369713
TI  - Capitalizing on research findings that appear to conflict.

PMID- 3369714
TI  - Effects of halothane with and without histamine and/or epinephrine on
      automaticity, intracardiac conduction times, and development of dysrhythmias in
      the isolated guinea pig heart.
AB  - Histamine is released during allergic reactions, and is known to produce cardiac
      dysrhythmias. The authors compared the cardiac effects of histamine and
      epinephrine during exposure to halothane in the isolated perfused guinea pig
      heart. Responses studied were spontaneous sinus rate, intra-atrial conduction
      time, atrial-septal conduction time (ASCT), intraventricular conduction time
      (IVCT), and left ventricular pressure (LVP). The incidence and type of
      dysrhythmias with histamine and halothane and with epinephrine and halothane were
      analyzed from electrograms. The authors found that halothane alone (0.7 to 2.1
      vol%) causes dose-dependent depressions of sinus rate and LVP, prolongs ASCT and
      IVCT, and produces atrioventricular (AV) block with junctional bradycardia.
      Histamine alone (.01-10 microM) increases sinus rate and LVP but, like halothane,
      prolongs ASCT. Halothane antagonizes the inotropic and chronotropic effects of
      histamine, but enhances ASCT compared with histamine alone. Histamine with
      halothane greatly increases the incidence of junctional tachycardia with AV
      dissociation from 0% with histamine alone up to 48%. Epinephrine alone (0.1-5
      microM), like histamine, increases sinus rate and LVP, but does not cause a
      relative increase in ASCT. Halothane antagonizes the inotropic and chronotropic
      effects of epinephrine, but increases the incidence of ventricular tachycardia
      from 6% to 28%, and the incidence of premature ventricular excitations from 0% to
      40%, compared with epinephrine alone. The authors' in vitro findings show that
      histamine and halothane, like epinephrine and halothane, can cause dysrhythmias,
      but that the genesis and type of dysrhythmias induced by these agents are
      dissimilar. Consequently, the release of histamine with an anaphylactoid reaction
      during halothane anesthesia, and the treatment of the reaction with epinephrine,
      could result in dangerous ventricular tachydysrhythmias.

PMID- 3369715
TI  - Effects of fentanyl on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate in newborn
      infants.
AB  - Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate was studied in ten neonates and young
      infants before and after intravenous fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg). All infants
      were in stable condition while being mechanically ventilated. Mean (+/- SD)
      corrected gestational age was 40.1 +/- 3.7 weeks, mean weight 3120 +/- 700 g. The
      pressor response was tested using phenylephrine and the depressor response using
      nitroglycerin. Changes in heart rate (R-R interval) were plotted against changes
      in systolic arterial pressure, and the slope of the linear portion of this
      relationship expresses the baroreflex sensitivity. No significant changes in
      systolic arterial pressure, heart rate, and blood gas values were observed after
      fentanyl injection when compared to control values. Mean (+/- SEM) control
      phenylephrine slope was 8.44 +/- 2.05 msec/mmHg, and mean nitroglycerin slope was
      2.54 +/- 0.37 msec/mmHg. Both slopes decreased significantly by 48% and 42%,
      respectively, after fentanyl injection (P less than 0.02). Mean plasma fentanyl
      concentrations measured at the end of each test were not statistically different
      (5.11 +/- 0.65 ng/ml and 4.28 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, respectively). This suggests that
      the baroreflex control of heart rate is present in term neonates and markedly
      depressed during fentanyl anesthesia. Changes in blood pressure occurring during
      fentanyl anesthesia have to be carefully considered, because cardiac output is
      principally rate-dependent in newborns.

PMID- 3369717
TI  - Metabolic activation of intercortical and corticothalamic pathways during
      enflurane anesthesia in rats.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enflurane on local
      cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), and to provide further insight into the
      mechanism of the epileptogenic properties of enflurane. Twenty-four male Wistar
      rats were divided into four groups; three groups with intact cortex received 0.5,
      2, or 4% enflurane, and one group with unilateral cortex excised received 4%
      enflurane. LCGU was measured at each anesthetic concentration using the
      autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method. LCGU in ten of 33 structures
      examined during 2% enflurane decreased by 19-33%, and LCGU in 22 structures
      during 4% enflurane decreased by 19-65%, when compared with that during 0.5%
      enflurane. While LCGU, in most structures, decreased in a dose-related manner,
      LCGU in the corpus callosum, thalamic ventrobasal complex, and hippocampal CA3
      field during 4% enflurane increased by 31-70%, compared with that during 0.5%
      and/or 2% enflurane. With unilateral cortical excision during 4% enflurane, the
      increase in LCGU in the ventrobasal complex was obliterated in the excision side,
      and the increase in the corpus callosum was attenuated. High LCGU in the
      hippocampal CA3 field and contralateral ventrobasal complex was not affected with
      cortical excision. These results indicate that intercortical and corticothalamic
      pathways are metabolically activated during deep enflurane anesthesia, suggesting
      that the epileptogenic property of enflurane is related to activation of these
      pathways.

PMID- 3369716
TI  - Simultaneous evaluation of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio
      and time constant of isovolumic pressure decline in dogs exposed to equivalent
      MAC halothane and isoflurane.
AB  - The effects of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 MAC halothane (N = 8) and isoflurane (N = 6)
      upon systolic performance and isovolumic relaxation were evaluated in open chest
      dogs. Left ventricular internal volume was determined using piezoelectric
      crystals. Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume points were determined
      for a series of normal sinus beats during transient venae caval occlusions. The
      slope of the line formed by those points is a load-independent inotropic index
      (EES). Left ventricular pressure points during isovolumic relaxation were plotted
      for computing the time constant of isovolumic pressure decline (T). Both drugs
      dose-dependently decreased mean arterial blood pressure with no change in heart
      rate, end-diastolic pressure, or end-diastolic volume. Increasing halothane
      concentration decreased the values of EES, the maximum rate of rise of left
      ventricular pressure (dP/dtMAX), and systolic ejection fraction (SEF). Total
      systemic resistance was unchanged by halothane. Increasing isoflurane
      concentration decreased EES and dP/dtMAX. The EES was significantly larger (P
      less than 0.05) with 2.5 MAC isoflurane than 2.5 MAC halothane. The SEF was
      unchanged by increasing isoflurane. Total systemic vascular resistance was
      decreased by increasing isoflurane. Isovolumic relaxation was prolonged and
      became more load-dependent with increasing halothane concentration. Isoflurane
      did not alter T, but the load-dependency of T was increased by 2.5 MAC
      isoflurane. There were no differences in T or its load-dependency between drug
      groups. These results indicate that both anesthetics evoke load-independent
      negative inotropic effects. Systolic ejection fraction is maintained during
      isoflurane anesthesia by decreased systemic vascular resistance and less
      pronounced negative inotropic effects than equivalent MAC halothane.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369718
TI  - Minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in
      ferrets.
AB  - The minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane
      were determined in adult male ferrets during controlled ventilation at
      normothermia (37 degrees C). Mean (+/- SD) MAC values for isoflurane (n = 8),
      enflurane (n = 8), and halothane (n = 8) at 37 degrees C were 1.52 +/- 0.10%,
      1.99 +/- 0.18%, and 1.01 +/- 0.10%, respectively. Halothane MAC was reduced by
      26% in the presence of 70% N2O. At 29.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C, the mean MAC value of
      halothane (0.85 +/- 0.11%) was 16% less than MAC at 37 degrees C. The relative
      potencies of the halogenated anesthetics are of the same order as those reported
      for large animals and for humans.

PMID- 3369719
TI  - Continuous epidural saline infusion for the treatment of low CSF pressure
      headache.

PMID- 3369721
TI  - Epidural analgesia in the management of labor pain and sickle cell crisis--a case
      report.

PMID- 3369720
TI  - Halothane hepatitis patients generate an antibody response toward a covalently
      bound metabolite of halothane.

PMID- 3369722
TI  - The helium protocol for laryngotracheal operations with CO2 laser: a
      retrospective review of 523 cases.

PMID- 3369723
TI  - The epinephrine test dose revisited, again.

PMID- 3369724
TI  - Intrapleural infusion of local anesthetic: a word of caution.

PMID- 3369725
TI  - A stylet for difficult intubations.

PMID- 3369726
TI  - Make a difficult intubation simple.

PMID- 3369728
TI  - Continuous monitoring of intracuff pressures in endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 3369727
TI  - Pollution associated with keyed filling devices.

PMID- 3369729
TI  - Are we really prepared for malignant hyperthermia: Part II.

PMID- 3369730
TI  - Intravascular epinephrine may not increase heart rate in patients receiving
      metoprolol.

PMID- 3369731
TI  - Nitrous oxide and the greenhouse effect.

PMID- 3369732
TI  - A simple technique to eliminate needle stick injuries.

PMID- 3369733
TI  - Facilitating difficult tracheal intubation.

PMID- 3369734
TI  - Stellate ganglion block: normal saline as placebo.

PMID- 3369735
TI  - Autologous blood transfusion in patients with sickle cell trait.

PMID- 3369736
TI  - Sedation for patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing ophthalmologic surgery.

PMID- 3369738
TI  - More on eliminating CT scan artifact due to endotracheal tubes.

PMID- 3369737
TI  - Epiglottitis in young infants.

PMID- 3369739
TI  - Nail polish color can affect pulse oximeter saturation.

PMID- 3369740
TI  - Should a fiberoptic bronchoscope be routinely used to position a double-lumen
      tube?

PMID- 3369741
TI  - Misconceptions regarding double-lumen tubes and bronchoscopy.

PMID- 3369742
TI  - Surgical gowns and drapes as aseptic barriers.
AB  - The use of surgical gowns and drapes has become the standard of practice in the
      arena of surgical aseptic technique. Because of myriad of materials, both woven
      and nonwoven, are currently available, users are faced with the difficult task of
      choosing a bacteriologic barrier material that is effective, safe, and
      economical. Although recommendations are available for general selection and use
      of barrier materials, no specific guidelines exist to assist the user in
      evaluating the important features of barriers. In addition, standards are lacking
      for safety characteristics such as flammability and fiber content. The infection
      control practitioner needs to be aware of the issues surrounding surgical barrier
      materials to be able to put the infection control merits of these materials in
      their proper perspective.

PMID- 3369743
TI  - Educational needs in patient care practices in Hong Kong.
AB  - We conducted a survey on staff perceptions of what the educational needs would be
      for an infection surveillance and control program in patient care practices in 10
      hospitals in Hong Kong. Seven hundred twenty nurses were interviewed and were
      requested to select their needs from six topics: isolation procedures,
      disinfection of environment and instruments, surgical wound care, urinary
      catheter care, prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia, and prevention of
      infusion therapy sepsis. According to their pattern of needs, the clinical units
      could be divided into three groups. Staff members in the "medically oriented
      units," consisting of the medical, geriatric, obstetric, and intensive care
      units, indicated that their greatest needs were in the areas of isolation
      procedures and disinfection of environment and instruments, whereas nurses in the
      "surgically oriented units," consisting of surgical, orthopedic, and gynecologic
      units, indicated that surgical wound care was the area where education was most
      needed. The pattern in the third group, the pediatric units, was similar to that
      of medical units in indicating isolation procedures and disinfection of
      environment and instruments as the greatest needs but differed in having a higher
      score for prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonias and a lower score for
      surgical wound care. An effective educational program should take these needs
      into consideration. We discuss the application of the survey findings in planning
      in-service education in infection control.

PMID- 3369744
TI  - Ambulatory care infection control quality assurance monitoring.

PMID- 3369745
TI  - Infection control in day-care centers: present and future needs.

PMID- 3369746
TI  - Obesity and diabetes as risk factors for postoperative wound infections after
      cardiac surgery.
AB  - During a 30-month period, 20 median sternotomy wound infections or endocarditis
      occurred after 20 of 1204 (1.7%) cardiac surgery procedures in adults at the
      University of Maryland Hospital. We examined four risk factors related to the
      individual undergoing surgery: age, sex, and index of obesity (weight/height),
      and presence of diabetes mellitus. The odds ratio estimates of the relative risk
      of infection observed with use of a population control group were as follows: sex
      (female) 3.5 (p less than 0.05), obesity 2.0, and presence of diabetes mellitus
      3.8. For a second control group matched for age, type of operative procedure, and
      date of operation, the estimated relative risks of infection were sex (female)
      2.1, obesity 6.2 (p less than 0.05), and diabetes mellitus 2.0. More precise
      definition of the relative risk of sternotomy infection associated with obesity
      and diabetes is required to aid surgeons and patients in making judgments about
      the relative benefits of surgery and to alert nursing personnel to be
      particularly aware of early signs of infection in patients at high risk.

PMID- 3369747
TI  - Infection control practitioners.

PMID- 3369748
TI  - Hospital-acquired infections among surgical patients in Tikur Anbessa Hospital,
      Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AB  - One thousand six surgical patients admitted between April 1983 and January 1984
      to a hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for incidence of nosocomial infections.
      On admission, they were carefully examined clinically to exclude community
      acquired infections and to determine any underlying risk factors. All patients
      were closely followed up for detection of developing nosocomial infections.
      Specimens collected from patients with clinically diagnosed bacterial infections
      were processed for culture; isolates were identified and tested for
      susceptibility to the locally used antimicrobial agents. Nosocomial infections
      were detected in 165 (16.4%) patients. Wound (59%), urinary tract (26%), and
      respiratory tract (6%) infections accounted for more than 90% of the infections.
      Fourteen of 18 deaths were attributed to nosocomial infections. About 72% of the
      patients were given prophylaxis, which was associated with infection (p less than
      0.0005). Operations and other procedures were also associated with infection (p
      less than 0.0005). Anemia was found as a host risk factor (p less than 0.0005).
      Approximately 90% of the nosocomial pathogens were gram-negative bacteria, of
      which 84% were Enterobacteriaceae. They were mostly resistant to the commonly
      used antibiotics. Our findings should create awareness of the problem in this
      hospital and possibly in others in Addis Ababa and hence prompt measures for
      effective control.

PMID- 3369749
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis--an infectious disease?

PMID- 3369750
TI  - Detection of mycoplasmal antigens in immune complexes from rheumatoid arthritis
      synovial fluids.
AB  - This study was directed towards the detection of suspected antigenic microbial
      fragments in the immune complex (IC) fraction from chronic inflammatory disorders
      of the delayed type allergy. Mycoplasmas as the microbial prototype and joint
      fluids from the rheumatoid host were investigated. Protein-A affinity
      chromatography was used to isolate the immunoglobulin complex (IgG-IC) in six
      synovial fluids obtained from rheumatoid arthritis patients. The IgG-IC was
      digested with pepsin to further purify and obtain F(ab)2 complexes with greater
      specificity. The F(ab)2 complexes were dissociated and electrophoresed by SDS
      PAGE and analyzed by immunoblotting using affinity purified rabbit antisera to
      six reference strains of human mycoplasmas. The presence of trace amount of
      mycoplasma antigens in the immune complex fractions was indicated by specific
      banding with antisera to M. pneumoniae, M. arthritidis, M. hominis, M.
      fermantans, and M. salivarium in one or more of the six synovial fluid fractions.
      The ELISA and immunoblot assays of seroconversion in rabbits immunized with the
      synovial fluid fractions also indicated the presence of mycoplasmal antigens.

PMID- 3369751
TI  - Delivery of albuterol aerosol by aerochamber to young children.
AB  - Inhalation of albuterol aerosol, 200 micrograms, delivered from metered dose
      inhalers via Aerochamber, elicited a highly significant improvement in peak
      expiratory flow rate from 70% to 84% and 91% predicted normal 5 and 20 minutes
      after treatment, respectively, in 30 asthmatic children 3 to 6 years of age. No
      significant increase in peak expiratory flow rate followed inhalation of placebo
      by a similar group of 16 asthmatic children. Use of the Aerochamber permits
      effective delivery of medication from metered dose inhalers to children as young
      as 3 years of age.

PMID- 3369752
TI  - The effect of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on histamine-induced wheal
      response in the skin of normal subjects and atopic patients.
AB  - The role of the adrenergic mechanism in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases is
      controversial. Recent experimental and clinical reports have suggested that beta
      2 adrenergic stimulation impairs and beta-2 adrenergic blockade enhances the
      histamine effect on vascular permeability. This led us to study the effect of
      salbutamol and of propranolol on histamine-induced cutaneous response in 13
      healthy subjects and in 16 patients with allergic oculo-rhinitis. Both in normal
      subjects and in atopic patients salbutamol attenuated the whealing response to
      histamine and the protective effect of salbutamol was counteracted by
      propranolol. The ability, however, of salbutamol to inhibit histamine-induced
      response was significantly reduced in 50% of atopic patients. These findings
      suggest that beta-2 adrenergic hyporesponsiveness is present in some allergic
      patients.

PMID- 3369753
TI  - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3369754
TI  - Mortality from asthma in children 1979-1984.
AB  - Deaths from asthma in children less than 15 years of age in the USA increased
      from 63 in 1979 to 111 in 1983 and then decreased slightly to 106 in 1984. Rates
      of death from asthma have been higher among boys than girls, probably due to
      higher prevalence of asthma among boys. Increases in rates of death from asthma
      have occurred in most age groups because of much higher rates of death and
      greater increases in rates of death among blacks than whites. Prevalence of
      asthma is not sufficiently greater among blacks to account for rates of death 3
      to 5 times as great as those for white children. Increases in deaths due to
      asthma have occurred in 47 states, and deaths have occurred in metropolitan
      children of both races in approximate proportion to their distribution to
      metropolitan areas. At least 46% of deaths from asthma in children and
      adolescents less than 20 years of age have occurred at hospitals. Reviews of
      deaths from asthma have implicated delays in implementation of appropriate
      therapy, including adrenal corticosteroids, psychosocial dysfunction that has
      interfered with compliance with recommended management, and underestimation of
      the seriousness of airway obstruction. Some deaths have been sudden and
      unavoidable.

PMID- 3369755
TI  - Repeat skin testing for aeroallergen immediate hypersensitivity in an atopic
      patient population.
AB  - A retrospective study of repeat intradermal skin testing with aeroallergens
      carried out on atopic subjects with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and/or
      asthma, after a mean interval of 3.5 years, showed that an increase in the number
      of allergens reacted to by an individual patient correlated with age or with
      worsening of symptoms.

PMID- 3369756
TI  - Bela Schick lecture. Food allergy: confessions of an agnostic or food allergy in
      children and adults: overt to covert.

PMID- 3369757
TI  - Theophylline: primary or tertiary drug? A brief review.

PMID- 3369758
TI  - The diagnosis of perennial rhinitis due to house dust mite demonstrated by nasal
      provocative tests.

PMID- 3369759
TI  - Political action vital for ANA and nation.

PMID- 3369761
TI  - Shortage may persist as wages rise slowly.

PMID- 3369760
TI  - Essays show nurses are proud to care.

PMID- 3369762
TI  - Survey shows nurses not sure what ANA does.

PMID- 3369763
TI  - Nurses want to nurse.

PMID- 3369765
TI  - Do the American people need a new Edsel?

PMID- 3369766
TI  - Board recommends moving, prepares for House.

PMID- 3369767
TI  - Bylaws proposals enhance Constituent Forum's role.

PMID- 3369764
TI  - Assess the workplace.

PMID- 3369768
TI  - Clinical psychology comes of age.

PMID- 3369769
TI  - Electrocerebral accompaniments of syncope associated with malignant ventricular
      arrhythmias.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the electrocerebral and clinical accompaniments of
      syncope associated with malignant ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. DESIGN: Survey
      of clinical and electroencephalographic changes during induced cardiac
      dysrhythmia. SETTING: Clinical electrophysiology laboratory of a university
      medical center. PATIENTS: Fourteen patients with automatic cardioverter
      defibrillators due to previous cardiac arrest or life-threatening cardiac
      arrhythmia. INTERVENTION: Deliberate induction of cardiac dysrhythmia for
      routine, postoperative testing of the automatic implantable cardioverter
      defibrillator. Continuous electrocardiographic, electroencephalographic, and
      video recording. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two episodes of
      ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, lasting 15 to 126 seconds, were induced
      with definite loss of consciousness in 15 instances and probable loss in 2. In 10
      episodes, there were motor accompaniments to the unconsciousness characterized by
      tonic activity or irregular muscle twitching. On regaining consciousness,
      patients were usually obtunded or confused for up to 30 seconds, depending on
      duration of induced cardiac dysrhythmia and unconsciousness.
      Electroencephalographic changes were variable. Background slowing was usually
      followed by relative loss of electrocerebral activity. In 2 patients, attenuation
      of background electrocerebral activity followed little or no change in background
      rhythms. In 5 episodes, electroencephalograms showed no change before loss of
      consciousness, but slowed thereafter in 4. CONCLUSIONS: Conspicuous motor
      activity may accompany syncope due to malignant ventricular arrhythmia and
      complicate the clinical distinction of syncope from seizures. Post-syncopal
      confusion generally lasts for less than 30 seconds. The electroencephalographic
      accompaniments of acute cerebral anoxia leading to syncope, and of the motor
      accompaniments of syncope, are more variable than previously appreciated, but
      electrographic seizure activity does not occur.

PMID- 3369770
TI  - Tracheal occlusion pressure: a simple index to monitor respiratory muscle fatigue
      during acute respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess respiratory muscle fatigue in acute respiratory
      failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and evaluate its
      influence on weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND PATIENTS:
      We studied the time course of tracheal occlusion pressure (P0.1) and high-to-low
      ratio of the diaphragmatic electromyogram in 16 patients in acute respiratory
      failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: All patients were
      intubated and studied during a 15-minute weaning period from ventilation. Minute
      ventilation (VE), arterial blood gases, P0.1 and high-to-low ratio of the
      diaphragm were measured every day from the onset to the end of acute failure
      (before extubation) at 5 and 15 minutes into the weaning period. The
      diaphragmatic electromyogram was recorded with an esophageal electrode and the
      high-to-low ratio of the electrical signal analyzed to assess diaphragmatic
      fatigue. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In all patients P0.1 was markedly
      increased (7.1 +/- 2.4 cm H2O, mean +/- SE) on the first day of acute failure and
      did not change during weaning. In 11 patients, P0.1 had decreased to 4.7 +/- 1.8
      cm H2O (P less than or equal to 0.002) before extubation (which was done after 5
      to 9 days). In these patients, the high-to-low ratio of the diaphragm decreased
      rapidly-during the first minutes of weaning on the first day of acute failure and
      remained low throughout weaning, whereas before extubation no decrease in high-to
      low ratio was seen during weaning. In 5 patients, P0.1 did not change
      significantly from the onset of acute failure and the high-to-low ratio remained
      low before extubation. These 5 patients had to be reintubated within 2 to 6 days.
      In both groups of patients, VE did not change significantly from the first to
      last day of acute failure (10.3 +/- 3 compared with 10.7 +/- 2.1 min-1), whereas
      blood gases during room air breathing improved significantly from the first to
      last day of acute failure, respectively, in each group (arterial oxygen pressure
      [PaO2], 33.5 +/- 1.5 compared with 44 +/- 9 mm Hg (P less than or equal to 0.05)
      and PaO2 56 +/- 2.3 compared with 49 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.005).
      CONCLUSIONS: Extubation should not be done in patients with respiratory muscle
      fatigue despite improvement in arterial blood gases and clinical status; and P0.1
      provides a valid and simple index to assess the likelihood of respiratory muscle
      fatigue.

PMID- 3369771
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral lesions in patients with the Sjogren
      syndrome.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients with the primary Sjogren syndrome, 16 with active
      neuropsychiatric manifestations and 22 without clinical evidence of central
      nervous system involvement had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Eight patients
      had focal neurologic deficits (6 of these also had psychiatric, or cognitive
      dysfunction), and 8 had psychiatric or cognitive abnormalities alone. Magnetic
      resonance imaging showed abnormal results in 12 of 16 (75%; 95% CI, 48 to 93)
      patients with active central nervous system disease (67 focal lesions
      predominantly within the subcortical and periventricular white matter), and in 2
      of 22 (9%; 95% CI, 1 to 29) patients without clinical evidence of central nervous
      system disease (P less than 0.0001). Seven of eight patients with focal
      neurologic deficits and 5 of 8 patients with psychiatric or cognitive dysfunction
      alone had abnormal results on MR imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging was more
      sensitive in the subgroup with focal deficits, (sensitivity, 88%; 95% CI, 44 to
      97) than computerized axial tomography or cerebral angiography. Magnetic
      resonance imaging detects focal cerebral lesions in patients with the Sjogren
      syndrome and central nervous system involvement, including patients with
      psychiatric and cognitive dysfunction alone.

PMID- 3369772
TI  - Treatment of cardiogenic shock by emergency aortic balloon valvuloplasty.
AB  - We used aortic balloon valvuloplasty to successfully treat two patients who had
      cardiogenic shock associated with calcific aortic stenosis. In both patients, the
      resulting reduction in mean aortic valve gradient and increase in calculated
      aortic valve area allowed prompt discontinuation of treatment with pressors and a
      return to near normal renal function. Both patients were discharged within 10
      days after valvuloplasty and showed significant, long-lasting clinical
      improvement. Aortic balloon valvuloplasty can reverse cardiogenic shock
      associated with calcific aortic stenosis.

PMID- 3369773
TI  - Postresuscitation hypokalemia in a patient with a normal prearrest serum
      potassium level.

PMID- 3369774
TI  - Pseudothromboembolism in myeloid metaplasia.

PMID- 3369775
TI  - Privilege delineation in a demanding new environment.
AB  - The delineation of clinical privileges is one of the most important means for
      hospitals to ensure high-quality care. Competition, cost control, and public
      accountability have created the need for hospitals to assure effective privilege
      delineation processes. Hospitals should focus on issues of practice variation,
      continuity of care, volume of services provided and planned, and the integration
      of ethical considerations into clinical decisions. How information is obtained,
      verified, and acted upon is reviewed within the organizational framework of the
      hospital. Several leaders within the hospital, such as the clinical department
      chairs and members of the medical staff executive committee, have important
      functions in the clinical privilege delineation process. Granting clinical
      privileges is a critical hospital function that requires a commitment by the
      governing body, management, and medical staff leaders.

PMID- 3369776
TI  - Silent sequences and the safety of blood transfusions.

PMID- 3369777
TI  - Clinical competence in continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Health and Public
      Policy Committee, American College of Physicians.

PMID- 3369778
TI  - Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia in diabetic persons.

PMID- 3369779
TI  - Fish oils in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3369780
TI  - Pulse methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3369781
TI  - Estimating true fractional calcium absorption.

PMID- 3369782
TI  - Kala-azar and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

PMID- 3369783
TI  - Guidelines for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and health
      care workers.

PMID- 3369784
TI  - Testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by insurance carriers.

PMID- 3369785
TI  - Varicella-zoster virus infection.

PMID- 3369786
TI  - Stopping antibiotics in neutropenic patients.

PMID- 3369787
TI  - Preventive treatment for tuberculosis in elderly persons.

PMID- 3369788
TI  - Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with membranous nephropathy.

PMID- 3369789
TI  - The early dumping syndrome and propranolol.

PMID- 3369790
TI  - Omissions from A Library for Internists.

PMID- 3369791
TI  - Airborne dust in the personal breathing zone and the prevalence of byssinotic
      symptoms in the Lancashire textile industry.

PMID- 3369792
TI  - Physiological damping of exposure variability during brief periods.

PMID- 3369793
TI  - 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine as a biological indicator of exposure to polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons in several work environments.

PMID- 3369794
TI  - Legionella pneumophila.

PMID- 3369795
TI  - Assessment and control of risks from Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 3369796
TI  - Occupational health aspects of the human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS.

PMID- 3369797
TI  - Analysis of mercury in urine: operation of an external quality assurance scheme.

PMID- 3369798
TI  - Cytotoxicity of some types of welding fume particles to bovine alveolar
      macrophages.

PMID- 3369799
TI  - [Solitary plasmacytoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Report of 3
      cases].
AB  - Three cases of plasmocytoma of cervicofacial localization are reported and
      diagnostic and therapeutic methods and prognostic factors reviewed. One patient
      had localized cervicofacial amyloidosis. A literature review confirmed the rarity
      of this tumor and its marked oncologic differences from epithelial type tumors
      and multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3369800
TI  - [Contribution of cochlear acoustic emissions in pediatric audiology].
AB  - A new method is described for pediatric otologic exploration : cochlear acoustic
      emissions (CAE), and results reported of CAE recordings in 15 children with
      normal hearing and 31 infants at otoneurologic risk, suspected of having moderate
      or severe hypoacusia on conventional audiometry. Results were compared with those
      obtained by study of V wave threshold of AEP. The incidence of CAE in children
      and infants with normal hearing was 100%, the absence of CAE being related to a V
      ware threshold of AEP of 30 dB nHL or more. The CAE threshold is closely related
      to that of the V wave of AEP. The use of CAE, a rapid, non-invasive, objective
      audiometric method, could be a first line screening technic allowing separation,
      within several minutes, of a normal hearing population from one with a lesion of
      transmission or endocochlear apparatus with CAE V wave threshold of over 30 dB
      nHL. In addition, in children with a flat AEP the CAE allows study of the
      cochlear independently of auditory pathways.

PMID- 3369801
TI  - [Surgical orbital decompression in Basedowian optic neuropathy. Apropos of 5
      cases].
AB  - Surgical orbital decompression in 5 patients with basedowian optic neuropathy
      restored the visual acuity and visual field in all cases. The place of surgery
      among the different therapeutic options proposed for this serious complication of
      Basedow's disease is discussed, as well as the advantages over other
      decompression techniques of the procedure used : the cutaneous approach to a
      trans-ethmoidonasal decompression.

PMID- 3369802
TI  - [Surgical correction of saddle nose. Apropos of 23 cases].
AB  - Choice of graft for repair of a saddle nose in 23 patients, usually late sequelae
      of nasal fracture, varied with degree of concavity : moderate anomalies usually
      by cartilaginous graft, major lesions by iliac bone graft. Postoperative course
      was always simple. The Rethi approach was used when a bone graft was necessary,
      with a minimum esthetic ransom, and a skin flap of V-Y advancement at the expense
      of the white labrum when there was insufficiency of columellar height. Although
      results were assessed as satisfactory by the patients, the difficulties in
      obtaining excellent results in this type of rhinoplasty are emphasized,
      imperfections being frequent : filling of nasofrontal angle, asymmetry of naries
      orifices and fixed nose appearance.

PMID- 3369803
TI  - [Current value of mediastinoscopy].
AB  - Between 1976 and 1985 a total of 367 mediastinoscopies were performed in the ENT
      Clinic, Kantonsspital of Lucerne, Switzerland. Between 1976 and 1981 and average
      of 50 cases were carried out annually, but the introduction of CT-scanning has
      provoked a considerable fall in their number. Although mediastinoscopy involves
      few risks, with a morbidity of 0.8% and a mortality of 0% it has increasingly
      been replaced by CT-scanning as the sensitivity of both procedures is comparable.
      The only remaining indication for mediastinoscopy is when lymph node biopsy is
      necessary in systemic diseases with primary mediastinal lesions.

PMID- 3369804
TI  - [Prosthesis of the middle ear. Criteria for the shape and physical properties].
AB  - The aim of this study is to point out some anatomical and physiological
      characteristics concerning the tympano-ossicular system, in the view to
      contribute to the elaboration of an optimal prosthesis of the middle ear.

PMID- 3369805
TI  - [Sensitivity to an amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination, of deep tonsillar
      flora isolated in chronic tonsillitis].
AB  - Deep tonsillar flora were identified in tonsils removed from 48 patients,
      children and adults, with chronic tonsillitis and recurrent sore throats or
      obstructive hypertrophy. Most specimens (38/48) cultured multiple germs (2 to 5
      different species) with aerobic and anaerobic Gram+ and Gram-forms, some being
      beta-lactamase producers. Of the total of 135 strains isolated, 104 were aerobic
      and 31 anaerobic. The species of aerobic germs most frequently isolated were:
      Apart from alpha-hemolytic streptococci of undertermined group (38 strains),
      Haemophilus sp. : 14 (including 3 beta-lactamase + strains), Staphylococcus
      aureus: 15 (including 11 beta-lactamase + strains), Streptococcus A : 10,
      Enterobacteriaceae : 6, Neisseria sp. : 8 (including 1 beta-lactamase + strain).
      And among the anaerobic germs: Peptococcus : 3, Veillonella alc : 10,
      Fusobacterium nucleatum : 9, Bacteroides melaninogenicus : 6, Other Bacteroides :
      2. Of the 127 strains tested, 102 were sensitive to amoxicillin and 121 to
      amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination. The presence of a beta-lactamase
      producing bacterium in 1 of 3 specimens suggests the risk of failure of treatment
      with penicillin, prescribed classically for this type of affection.

PMID- 3369806
TI  - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of recurrent laryngeal stenosis in children].
AB  - Five children with recurrent tracheal stenosis after use of an endolaryngeal
      calibrator and/or a laryngoplasty were treated with D-penicillamine and
      chloroquine. The relevant literature relating to biological processes of normal
      and pathologic healing is reviewed, particularly with respect to the effect of D
      penicillamine on collagen synthesis. Decannulation was possible in 4 of the
      children reported presently, including three in whom medical treatment was
      combined with use of an endolaryngeal calibrator.

PMID- 3369807
TI  - [Anatomical and functional evaluation 3 and 5 years later of 94 cases of chronic
      cholesteatomatous otitis media. Clinical and therapeutic implications].
AB  - Anatomical and functional results were evaluated at 3 and 5 years after surgery
      for chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media in 94 patients treated by the same
      surgeon between 1975 and 1983. Open techniques predominated and were justified by
      seven clinical or epidemiologic factors present alone or in association in 80% of
      cases. Many patients were non-attenders at follow up (40% at 3 years and 70% at 5
      years), recovery from their cholesteatoma being noted in 84% and 78% of those
      attending at 3 and 5 years respectively. Useful audition was recovered in 52%,
      including 2 of 3 due to an open technique. Petro-mastoid hollow-out with
      arrangement of cavity and minimal ossicular reconstruction is considered the most
      effective treatment for this type of affection.

PMID- 3369808
TI  - [Esophagectomy and pharyngectomy in cancers of the upper respiratory and
      digestive tracts and the esophagus. Results apropos of 16 cases].
AB  - A series of 16 squamous cell carcinomas of the pharynx with an extension to the
      cervical esophagus, or multiple primaries of the pharynx and esophagus is
      presented. The surgical procedure consisted of an oesophagectomy associated with
      either total pharyngolaryngectomy, or partial pharyngectomy, or transmandibular
      resection. 13 patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: CDDP-5-FU.
      Postoperative complications occurred in less than 20% without any postoperative
      death. One-year and five-year actuarial survival rates were respectively 20% and
      13.3%. The mean survival was 9.5 +/- 3.7 months. 75% of the deaths were due to
      local or cervical lymph node recurrences. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy could improve
      the prognosis of these pharyngo-oesophageal carcinomas.

PMID- 3369809
TI  - [Percutaneous and implantable catheters in cancers of the upper respiratory and
      digestive tracts. Apropos of 600 cases].
AB  - For two years, 600 catheters (234 silicone catheters, 153 tunnelisation cuffed
      catheters and 188 total implantable systems) were place for chemotherapy in
      patients with head and neck cancer. Percutaneous catheters remain for 152 days
      and total implantable systems for 188 days. Total complications decrease with
      greater experience of physicians and using improved catheters.

PMID- 3369811
TI  - [A case of photo-induced psoriasis-like eruption. Discussion apropos of
      photosensitive psoriasis].

PMID- 3369810
TI  - [Prospective study of factors associated with leukocytoclastic vasculitis].
AB  - The origin of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LV) being often difficult to
      determine, we have undertaken since 1980 a prospective study of factors
      associated with LV. We selected 53 patients whose LV was clinically predominant,
      and excluded patients in whom LV was an expected phenomenon in a known autoimmune
      or infectious disease. Twenty-eight of the 53 patients presented with a typical
      Gougerot-Ruiter disease, 15 with a bullous or necrotic form of the disease and 10
      with urticarial lesions. Detail of the prospective laboratory tests performed is
      given in table I. Correlations between laboratory values and LV-associated
      factors were significant with the decrease of complement but not with the
      presence of circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulin or
      direct immunofluorescence test positivity. Most of the associated factors in our
      series were infectious agents (streptococci, hepatitis virus), immunological
      agents (rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulin) or drugs known to be potential LV
      inductors; other factors were less common or quite recently described
      (enterovirus, Yersiniae, cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, Chlamydiae, refractory
      anemia with an excess of myeloblasts. We do not feel that a large series of
      laboratory tests should be performed in every case of LV. The clinical context
      and simple laboratory tests, such as blood cell count, complement assay, plasma
      electrophoresis and a search for rheumatoid factor should be enough to guide the
      clinician and help him decide whether further investigations are needed. However,
      it should be noted that in some cases without clinical pointers only full
      virological evaluation enabled us to determine that enteroviruses may be involved
      in the pathogenesis of LV.

PMID- 3369812
TI  - [Photo-induced pigmentary lichen associated with paraneoplastic Bazex
      acrokeratosis].

PMID- 3369813
TI  - [Paraneoplastic follicular lichen].

PMID- 3369814
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.
      Apropos of 8 cases].

PMID- 3369815
TI  - [Millimetric-section x-ray computed tomography in the diagnosis and evaluation of
      bronchiectasis. Comparison with bronchography apropos of 54 patients].

PMID- 3369816
TI  - [Nosocomial septicemia and therapeutic angiography. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 3369817
TI  - [Percutaneous treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysms disclosed by
      cerebral abscesses. Apropos of 2 new cases].

PMID- 3369818
TI  - [Disorders of equilibrium caused by an infratentorial lipoma. Apropos of 2 cases
      studied with MRI].

PMID- 3369819
TI  - ["Textiloma": x-ray computed tomographic aspect. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3369820
TI  - [Cystic astrocytomas in children. Contribution of MRI].

PMID- 3369821
TI  - [Extension of surgery of segment I of the aorta to segment II in De Bakey's type
      I dissections].

PMID- 3369822
TI  - [Apropos of an uncommon form of false aneurysm of the aortic arch].

PMID- 3369823
TI  - [Value of peripheral phrenotomy in transthoracic approach to the hypochondrium
      region. Apropos of 46 cases].

PMID- 3369824
TI  - [Informations provided by x-ray computed tomography in the evaluation of the
      vascular extension of proximal cancers. Comparative radiosurgical study of 67
      cases].

PMID- 3369825
TI  - [Aggressive surgical treatment of mediastinal and pulmonary metastasis of non
      seminomatous testicular tumors].

PMID- 3369826
TI  - [Apropos of a new case of primary embryonal non-seminomatous tumor of the
      mediastinum treated by the Parker method].

PMID- 3369827
TI  - [Pericardioscopy: definition, value and results. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3369828
TI  - [Severe localized bronchial dyskinesis treated with an original plasty procedure.
      Apropos of a case].

PMID- 3369829
TI  - [Pleural complications of hydatid cyst of the lung. Apropos of 16 cases].

PMID- 3369830
TI  - [Surgery of emphysematous bullae. Surgical and functional results. Apropos of 28
      cases].

PMID- 3369831
TI  - [Teratoma of the posterior mediastinum].

PMID- 3369832
TI  - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and mediastinal dysembryoma in a 6-year-old child.
      Excision and cure of the anemia].

PMID- 3369833
TI  - [Endocarditis on intracardiac valvular prostheses].

PMID- 3369834
TI  - [False subaortic aneurysm after surgery of calcified aortic stenosis. Apropos of
      a case treated with success].

PMID- 3369835
TI  - [Mitral valve replacement in children. Apropos of 176 cases].

PMID- 3369836
TI  - [Attempt at definitive repair of stenoses of prosthetic ventriculo-pulmonary
      tubes].

PMID- 3369837
TI  - [Radical cure of sternal osteitis by sternotomy and a major pectoralis muscle
      flap. Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3369838
TI  - [Late ventricular potentials. Clinical applications and relation to severe
      ventricular arrhythmias].
AB  - The recording of late ventricular potentials with high amplification cardiography
      (HAC) permits to identify patients presenting a risk of sudden death and
      ventricular tachycardia, especially in the later stage of myocardial infarction.
      Few authors have studied the prevalence of these potentials in other heart
      diseases presenting a risk of sudden death. Most series in the literature are too
      small to specify variations in the prevalence of these potentials according to
      the severity of the coronary disease. For this purpose, 835 patients including
      535 coronary patients were evaluated with HAC compared to data from coronary
      angiography and Holter test. An automatic quantification method of the late
      potentials was used on 131 healthy subjects. The prevalence of late potentials is
      32 p. cent after infarction, and 75 p. cent when a chronic ventricular
      tachycardia is present. These potentials retain their significance of tracers of
      ventricular arrhythmias in primary dilated myocardiopathies, with a prevalence of
      25 p. cent reaching 50 p. cent in case of ventricular tachycardia. Their
      recording in the presence of idiopathic ventricular extrasystoles must be an
      indication to look for an underlying cardiopathy. It is possible to record them
      in other diseases especially in advanced valvular cardiopathies, as well as in
      right ventricular dysplasias with arrhythmia where their presence has a great
      diagnostic value.

PMID- 3369839
TI  - [Polyarterial pathology. Epidemiological aspects].
AB  - Polyarterial arteriosclerosis is a problem facing more and more clinicians
      because of the technical advances in exploration and revascularization methods.
      Epidemiologic data are rare in this field except for Framingham's study. We are
      reporting here the results of a French epidemiologic study regarding a
      representative sample of a group of 11,000 active men and women, with age ranging
      between 25 and 65 years. Methodologic difficulties cannot be avoided, but a
      minimal estimation may be expressed: polyarterial pathology represents
      approximately 15 p. cent of the pathology in each case. Polyarterial pathology is
      as prevalent as monoarterial pathology with a 10 years delay between the two
      sexes. Coronary diseases are the most frequent and represent the initial location
      in two-thirds of the cases. The same risk factors are found, but their chronology
      is different: more than ever, age is an essential factor since there is a ten
      years difference. Hyperglycaemia in men, overweight in women are major factors as
      important as tobacco abuse in men, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia in both
      sexes. Finally the type A behavior seems to occupy an even larger role in
      polyarterial patients of both sexes.

PMID- 3369840
TI  - [Aortic dissection with normal aortography and x-ray computed tomography. A
      diagnostic trap not to be ignored].
AB  - We are reporting the case of a 63 y.old patient whose initial clinical
      examination and ultrasonographic data had led to the diagnosis of acute aortic
      dissection. Only an emergency surgical procedure was able to confirm the
      diagnosis, after failure of angiography and CT-scan to do so. In the light of
      this example, we are presenting a reminder of the sensitivity of various
      paraclinical examinations, classically accepted to establish this diagnosis.

PMID- 3369841
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma and hyperthyroidism caused by amiodarone].
AB  - The authors report, in a 66 y. old patient, a case of pheochromocytoma,
      interesting in that its initial clinical picture is one of amiodarone-induced
      hyperthyroidism with orthostatic hypotension, and a persisting severe weight loss
      in spite of the improvement of the thyroid work-up is the indication of an
      adrenal tumor discovered on tomodensitometry. The accidental combination of these
      two endocrine diseases delays the already unusual manifestation of this
      pheochromocytoma and emphasizes the role of radiographic (tomodensitometry)
      and/or isotopic (MIBG) imaging in the "discovery" of these tumors.

PMID- 3369842
TI  - [Transureteroureterostomy. Results in a series of 42 children and young adults].
AB  - Forty two TUU have been performed from 1974 to 1986 in children and young adults:
      the youngest was 10 years, the oldest 26. The mean follow-up has been more than 5
      years: 23 bladder exstrophies, 12 neurogenic bladders, 5 mega-ureters and 2
      retroperitoneal tumors. TUU were performed after failure of uretero-cysto
      neostomies (8/42) ou uretero-sigmoid reimplantation (19/42). The technique with
      details about drainage (16/42) is described. In 5 cases, complications appeared
      early: 3 fistulae, 2 sweelings of the anastomosis. tests done 3 months after the
      operation did not show any other complication in relation with the TUU.
      Nevertheless one reflux and 3 stenoses of the end of the recipient ureter caused
      dilatation of two upper urinary tracts. During the long term follow-up, it was
      necessary to perform 2 nephrectomies of the donor ureter and 5 operations on the
      end of the recipient ureter. These complications were independant of the TUU. The
      final result of TUU was excellent.

PMID- 3369843
TI  - [Continent replacement enterocystoplasty using a low-pressure detubularized ileal
      pouch after radical prostatocystectomy].
AB  - Tubular ileal-ileo-caecal or colonic replacement enterocystoplasties induce
      nocturnal incontinence in more than 70% of cases, partly due to the presence of
      peristaltic waves responsible for pressures greater than 40 cm of water for low
      filling volumes. The use of debutularised intestinal grafts considerably
      attenuates these pressure waves, ensuring excellent diurnal continence and a
      dramatic reduction in nocturnal incontinence together with protection of the
      upper urinary tract. The detubularised ileal bladder combines the reliability of
      all low pressure reservoirs with a simple technique: a 30 cm ileal segment is
      isolated then opened 2 cm from its anti-mesenteric border. The two limbs of the
      loop are sutured to each other. The ureters are reimplanted at the summit of each
      limb according to the mucosal groove procedure and the summit of the pouch is
      anastomosed to the urethra. This procedure has been used in 10 patients following
      radical cystectomy for cancer. Seven of these patients underwent clinical,
      radiological and urodynamic examination 5 months after the operation: all 7
      patients were continent during the day. Nocturnal continence was obtained at the
      cost of getting up one or twice during the night, but incontinence persisted in
      the other 3 patients. Cystometry did not reveal any pressure waves greater than
      25 cm of water for a volume of 500 ml. The detubularised ileal bladder is simple
      to perform and constitutes a reasonable alternative to traditional tubular
      enterocystoplasties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369844
TI  - [Bladder replacement with colon segments].
AB  - The authors report their experience of 81 cases of bladder replacement with
      colonic grafts between 1980 and 1986. The operative technique is presented and
      its complications and functional results analysed. Bladder tumors were the most
      frequent indication although some cases of tuberculosis, bilharziosis and
      neurogenic bladder were also included. After a critical study of the literature,
      the authors state that the ileocecal segment has become their preferred material.
      Over the last fourty months, 42 patients have been treated by the latter form of
      bladder replacement.

PMID- 3369845
TI  - [Old theories and present-day hypotheses for the mechanisms of erection].
AB  - On the basis of old theories and recent observations, the authors discuss the
      real nature of the activity of the erectile tissue of the corpora cavernosa and
      spongiosa. Is erection simply produced by passive injection of spongy tissue? Or
      is erectile tissue like a real live "sponge" which is capable, on its own, of
      producing and eliminating erection? If this is the case, where is the intra
      tissue motor apparatus located? A new hypothesis is proposed.

PMID- 3369846
TI  - [Intracavernous injection of papaverine. Diagnostic value].
AB  - The authors use the intracavernous injection of papaverine (ICP) as a diagnostic
      test in order to differentiate between organic and psychogenic erectile
      impotence. Comparison of the results of this test with those of nocturnal penile
      plethysmography and Doppler studies of the penile vessels demonstrated a good
      correlation. However, the ICP test cannot be used alone to confirm the organic or
      psychogenic nature of erectile impotence.

PMID- 3369847
TI  - [Experience in the treatment of erectile impotence by the intracavernous auto
      injection of vasoactive substances].
AB  - Eleven selected patients participated in a programme of intracavernous auto
      injections for erectile impotence. This treatment provided these patients with an
      erection allowing sexual relations which were considered to be satisfactory at
      the beginning, but more than one half of them progressively abandoned the
      technique after six months; as the majority of partners expressed feelings of
      frustration. Auto-injections represent a valid alternative in the treatment of
      erectile impotence of essentially neurological origin.

PMID- 3369848
TI  - [Correction of deviations of the penis by the Nesbit operation].
AB  - The Nesbit procedure is proposed in the treatment of the penile curvature. Our
      technique is a longitudinal incision followed by a transversal suture. From 1981
      to 1986, 25 patients were operated: 19 fair results, 4 good, 2 unsatisfying. The
      shortening of the phallus is the major pitfall of the technique.

PMID- 3369849
TI  - [Peyronie's disease. Therapeutic difficulties].
AB  - The authors report their experience of the treatment of Peyronie's disease on the
      basis of 27 cases. In the light of their results and the data reported in the
      literature, they study the place of infiltrations, plication of the corpora
      cavernosa and implants in the treatment of this disease.

PMID- 3369850
TI  - [Treatment of Peyronie's disease by a combination of radiotherapy and surgery.
      Apropos of 51 cases].
AB  - 93 patients have been treated for Peyronie's disease. 51 patients with severe
      discomfort received less than 10 grays external radiotherapy. Six months later,
      69% of the patients were satisfied. The remaining patients (31%) were operated by
      a contralateral plication technique. We obtained 65% good results with this
      technique. This protocol is indicated for patients with severe discomfort with
      marked deformity.

PMID- 3369851
TI  - [Treatment of curvatures of the penis. New therapeutic approach. Apropos of 46
      cases].
AB  - The authors describe their technique for correction of curvatures of the phallus,
      regardless of its aetiology, applied to 46 cases (36 cases of Peyronie's disease
      and 10 cases of congenital curvature without hypospadias). The proposed technique
      was inspired by the technique described by Nesbit.

PMID- 3369852
TI  - [A case of auto-emasculation].
AB  - We present a case of genital self emasculation in a non-psychotic patient. We
      discuss here the few problems (surgical, psychiatric, legal and sociologic) that
      this rare case suggest.

PMID- 3369853
TI  - Kinetic properties and regulation of biliverdin reductase.
AB  - In kinetic studies of the dual nucleotide enzyme biliverdin reductase, product
      inhibition patterns obtained with bilirubin as the inhibitor, using either the
      NADPH-linked reaction at pH 8.7 or the NADH-linked reaction at pH 7.0, are
      consistent with a random order of substrate addition and product release at
      either pH. With NAD(P) as the product inhibitor, the inhibition patterns suggest
      the existence of an enzyme-NAD(P)-biliverdin abortive complex. In the absence of
      added products, substrate inhibition observed at high biliverdin concentrations
      is also consistent with such a complex. Direct evidence for the existence of
      enzyme-NADP-biliverdin abortive complexes has been obtained at both pH 7.0 and
      8.7 using the fluorescent NADP analog nicotinamide-1-N-6-ethenoadenine
      dinucleotide phosphate. Etheno-NADP fluorescence is enhanced in enzyme:etheno
      NADP complexes but quenched in enzyme:biliverdin:etheno-NADP complexes. The
      effects of iron hematoporphyrin and cobalt protoporphyrin on the activity of
      biliverdin reductase have been examined. Iron-hematoporphyrin is a competitive
      inhibitor with respect to coenzyme at either pH. Comparison of Km values for
      biliverdin and Ki values for bilirubin or iron-hematoporphyrin indicate that
      while the binding of biliverdin is relatively pH independent, bilirubin binds
      more tightly at pH 7.0 than pH 8.7. Conversely, Fe-hematoporphyrin binds
      considerably tighter at pH 8.7 than pH 7.0. With cobalt-protoporphyrin, however,
      activation is observed, suggesting the existence of a regulatory site on
      biliverdin reductase for porphyrin derivatives. Resonance energy transfer
      measurements, from the fluorescent coenzyme analog etheno-NADP to biliverdin,
      iron-hematoporphyrin, or cobalt-protoporphyrin indicate that while the biliverdin
      site is located approximately 15 A from the etheno moiety of the coenzyme, both
      porphyrin derivatives are located 23.5 A away. This suggest the existence of a
      separate porphyrin binding site on biliverdin reductase which, depending upon the
      nature of the porphyrin binding, can produce activation or inhibition of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 3369854
TI  - Inhibition of biliary taurocholate excretion during menadione metabolism in
      perfused rat liver.
AB  - In perfused rat liver menadione elicits substantial oxidation in both the NADPH
      and GSH redox systems. Biliary excretion of GSSG is increased several-fold.
      Menadione derivatives appear in the bile predominantly as the menadione-S
      glutathione conjugate, thiodione (60%), or as conjugates derived therefrom (17%).
      About 10% appear as menadione glucuronides. The excretion of taurocholate into
      bile is strongly inhibited upon menadione infusion. The inhibition of
      taurocholate excretion is small in livers with a low content of Se-GSH-peroxidase
      and in glutathione-depleted livers. In these livers intracellular GSSG and
      biliary GSSG release remain at low values, although menadione still imposes
      oxidative stress as indicated by an oxidation of intracellular NADPH. Under
      anoxic conditions menadione has little influence on both the NADPH and GSH redox
      systems and also on biliary taurocholate excretion. The amount of thiodione
      released into bile is similar to that found under normoxia, whereas the amount of
      glucuronidated products almost doubled. We conclude (a) that intracellular
      formation of GSSG by menadione occurs via the generation of hydrogen peroxide;
      (b) that the inhibition of biliary taurocholate excretion by menadione is related
      to the increased formation of glutathione disulfide; and (c) that menadione
      derivatives show little, if any, contribution to the inhibition of taurocholate
      excretion.

PMID- 3369855
TI  - Biosynthesis and processing of lysosomal cathepsin L in primary cultures of rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The biosynthesis and proteolytic processing of lysosomal cathepsin L was studied
      using in vitro translation system and in vivo pulse-chase analysis with
      [35S]methionine and [32P]phosphate in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
      Messenger RNA prepared from membrane-bound but not free polysomes directed the
      synthesis of a primary translation product of an immunoprecipitable 37.5-kDa
      cathepsin L in vitro. The 37.5-kDa form was converted to the 39-kDa form when
      translated in the presence of dog pancreas microsomes. During pulse-chase
      experiments with [35S]methionine in cultured rat hepatocytes, cathepsin L was
      first synthesized as a 39-kDa protein, presumably the proform, after a short time
      of labeling, and was subsequently processed into the mature forms of 30 and 25
      kDa in the cell. On the other hand, considerable amounts of the proenzyme were
      found to be secreted into the culture medium without further proteolytic
      processing during the chase. The precursor and mature enzymes were N-glycosylated
      with high-mannose-type oligosaccharides, and the proenzyme molecule contained
      phosphorylated oligosaccharides. The effects of tunicamycin and chloroquine were
      also investigated. In the presence of tunicamycin, a 36-kDa unglycosylated
      polypeptide appeared in the cell and this protein was exclusively secreted from
      the cells without undergoing proteolytic processing. These results suggest that
      cathepsin L is initially synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes as a 37.5-kDa
      prepropeptide and that the cotranslational cleavage of the 1.5-kDa signal peptide
      and the core glycosylation convert the precursor to the 39-kDa proform, which is
      subsequently processed to the mature form during biosynthesis. Thus, the
      biosynthesis and secretion of lysosomal cathepsin L in rat hepatocytes seem to be
      analogous to those of the major excreted protein of transformed mouse fibroblasts
      [S. Gal, M. C. Willingham, and M. M. Gottesman (1985) J. Cell Biol. 100, 535-544]
      and the mouse cysteine proteinase of activated macrophages [D.A. Portnoy, A. H.
      Erickson, J. Kochan, J. V. Ravetch, and J. C. Unkeless (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261,
      14697-14703].

PMID- 3369856
TI  - Microviscosity in lecithin liposomes: effect of nicotinic acid.
AB  - We have studied the effect of nicotinic acid, a drug commonly used as a
      vasodilatory agent and also for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, on the
      fluidity profile of liposomes of egg lecithin and dipalmitoyl lecithin, using a
      fluorescent polarization probe. In both cases the drug decreases the membrane
      fluidity and for cholesterol-probed liposomes, it disrupts the "intermediate
      fluid condition" induced by cholesterol. The drug also affects the activation
      energy for diffusion in the hydrophobic region of the liposomes.

PMID- 3369857
TI  - Kinetic evidence for a reversible isomerization of pig muscle glyceraldehyde-3
      phosphate dehydrogenase in its crystallization medium.
AB  - Ammonium sulfate, a typical component of crystallization media of proteins,
      stabilizes an inactive conformation of pig muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase. In fact, in the presence of ammonium sulfate the reconstitution of
      the catalytically active holoenzyme from the apoenzyme and NAD is not
      instantaneous, as in the case of enzymes from Bacillus stearothermophilus and the
      Mediterranean lobster Palinurus vulgaris. With pig muscle enzyme, at pH 6.0, the
      time course of formation of the characteristic Racker band can be monitored by a
      rapid mixing stopped flow technique. Activation follows a single exponential
      curve with a rate constant independent of the concentration of both NAD and
      protein and, therefore, appears to be limited by a slow protein isomerization (k
      = 7 +/- 2 s-1). Accordingly, when the apoenzyme is simultaneously exposed to NAD
      and either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, the ensuing
      reactions (the redox and the acylation steps, respectively) are kinetically
      limited by the same protein isomerization. At pH 7.0 and 8.0, however, two among
      the four active sites react with NAD at an unmeasurably high rate, while the
      other two sites behave as they do at pH 6.0. When the pig muscle apoenzyme is
      preincubated and allowed to react with either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or 1,3
      bisphosphoglycerate before the rapid mixing with NAD, both the redox reaction and
      the NAD-dependent activation of apo-acyl-enzyme toward arsenolysis become
      unmeasurably fast. Similarly, when the sulfate in the medium is replaced by ions
      such as phosphate and citrate, the reconstitution of the active holoenzyme is
      practically instantaneous. Thus, the slow protein isomerization observed in the
      presence of sulfate and abolished by competing substrates and anions is
      diagnostic of a structural state of the pig muscle apoenzyme, which is induced by
      sulfate ions bound within the enzyme active site.

PMID- 3369858
TI  - Purification and characterization of esterases D-1 and D-2 from human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Esterase D-1 (carboxylesterase; carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) was
      purified to homogeneity and esterase D-2 was highly purified from human
      erythrocytes. A new procedure, which included fractionation with ammonium
      sulfate, hydrophobic chromatography on a Toyopearl HW-65 column, and
      chromatographies on CM-cellulose and hydroxylapatite columns, was developed.
      Esterases D-1 and D-2 were purified about 9000- and 5600-fold over the
      precipitates with 65% saturated ammonium sulfate in 14 and 35% yields,
      respectively. The minimum molecular weights of esterases D-1 and D-2 were
      estimated to be 35,000 based on the mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without 2-mercaptoethanol. The
      molecular weights of both enzymes were calculated to be 76,000 by gel filtration.
      These findings indicated that these two enzymes consisted of dimer without an
      intermolecular disulfide bond(s). Amino acid analysis of esterase D-1 showed that
      the total residues of aspartic acid plus asparagine, glutamic acid plus
      glutamine, glycine, and leucine represent about 40% of the total amino acid
      residues. Esterases D-1 and D-2 have almost identical biochemical
      characteristics, including Km values, sensitivities to sulfhydryl reagents, and
      molecular weights. Esterase D-2 cross-reacted with a rabbit antibody raised
      against the purified esterase D-1.

PMID- 3369859
TI  - Enzymatic down regulation with exercise in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Maximal activities of rat skeletal muscle mitochondrial citrate synthase (CS),
      malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as
      several other mitochondrial enzymes involved in various metabolic functions were
      significantly suppressed after a single bout of acute or exhaustive treadmill
      running. This enzymatic "down regulation" was maintained 24 and 48 h post
      exhaustion, especially in the untrained rats. Neither muscle cytosolic nor
      hepatic enzymes exhibited down regulation after exercise. Proteolysis was
      increased with exercise as assessed by the clearance of [3H]leucine previously
      incorporated into the proteins of the rats. Decreased CS, MDH, and ALT activities
      correlated with a significant loss of mitochondrial total protein sulfhydryl (r =
      0.67, 0.68, 0.59, respectively, P less than 0.001) in untrained rats and both CS
      and MDH could be partially restored by incubation with dithiothreitol. Endurance
      tested untrained and trained rats had significantly higher glutathione peroxidase
      (GPX) activity in both muscle mitochondria and cytosol which correlated
      significantly with endurance time (r = 0.70 and 0.74, respectively). It is
      concluded that enzymatic down regulation is not caused by proteolysis alone;
      i.e., peroxides and oxygen free radicals produced in prolonged exercise may alter
      the intramitochondrial redox state by oxidizing free thiols that may be required
      at active sites of these enzymes. Training may enhance the ability of the muscle
      to resist the toxic oxygen species by increasing GPX activity.

PMID- 3369861
TI  - The glyoxysomal beta-oxidation system in cucumber seedlings: identification of
      enzymes required for the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Fat-degrading cotyledons from cucumber seedlings were investigated with respect
      to the enzymes metabolizing cis-unsaturated fatty acids. Isolated glyoxysomes
      degrade linoleic acid, the dominating fatty acid in the storage tissue of the
      seed. Glyoxysomes were shown to be the sole intracellular site of enzymes
      responsible for the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids. All three auxiliary
      enzyme activities discussed for the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids,
      2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, enoyl-CoA isomerase, and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase
      were localized within the matrix of glyoxysomes. They were not found in
      mitochondria. Separation of glyoxysomal matrix proteins on CM-cellulose revealed
      that epimerase activity was attributable to the multifunctional protein and also
      to another protein which apparently exhibited no other beta-oxidation activity.
      Furthermore, on the basis of the high epimerase activity present in glyoxysomes
      compared to a much lower 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity, the metabolism of
      unsaturated fatty acids via delta 2-cis-enoyl-CoA is considered as alternative to
      the reductase-dependent pathway.

PMID- 3369860
TI  - Antioxidant enzyme systems in rat liver and skeletal muscle. Influences of
      selenium deficiency, chronic training, and acute exercise.
AB  - The influences of selenium deficiency (Se-D), chronic training, and an acute bout
      of exercise on hepatic and skeletal muscle antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide
      dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as
      glutathione S-transferase (GST) and tissue lipid peroxidation, were investigated
      in post-weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats. Se-D per se depleted GPX in both liver
      and skeletal muscle but had no effect on SOD or catalase activity. One hour of
      treadmill running (20 m/min, 0% grade and 27 m/min, 15% grade for untrained and
      trained rats, respectively) significantly elevated hepatic catalase and cytosolic
      SOD activity; more prominent activations were found in the Se-D or untrained
      rats, whereas skeletal muscle antioxidant enzymes were little affected. Ten weeks
      of training (1 h/day, 5 days/week at 27 m/min, 15% grade) increased hepatic
      mitochondrial SOD by 23% (P less than 0.05) in Se-D rats. Both hepatic
      mitochondrial and cytosolic GPX were decreased by training whereas GPX was
      increased twofold in skeletal muscle mitochondria. Se-independent GPX was
      elevated by training only in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of Se-D rats. Lipid
      peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) was increased by an acute bout of
      exercise in hepatic mitochondria of the untrained rats and in skeletal muscle
      mitochondria of the Se-D rats. These data indicate that antioxidant enzymes in
      liver and skeletal muscle are capable of adapting to selenium deficiency and
      exercise to minimize oxidative injury caused by free radicals.

PMID- 3369862
TI  - Estimation of the pH gradient and donnan potential in de-energized heart
      mitochondria.
AB  - The transmembrane pH gradient maintained by nonrespiring, uncoupled heart
      mitochondria has been estimated using the distribution of methylamine and of 5,5
      dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) and compared with the delta pH reported by
      the fluorescent probe 2,7-biscarboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Under
      these conditions the protonmotive force approaches zero and the membrane
      potential (delta psi) should equal 59 delta pH (P. Mitchell and J. Moyle (1969)
      Eur. J. Biochem. 7, 471-484). The delta pH reported by DMO corresponds closely to
      that estimated by BCECF and is consistent with a Donnan potential of no greater
      than about -30 mV (interior negative) for nonenergized mitochondria in a sucrose
      medium. This potential appears to result from the presence of immobile negative
      charges in the matrix and is eliminated by addition of 10 to 25 mM KCl.
      Measurements of delta pH using the methylamine and of delta tsi using the
      distribution of 42K+ in the presence of valinomycin result in an apparent
      overestimation of these parameters due to binding of these components to negative
      sites on the membrane. Increasing ionic strength decreases this contribution of
      surface potential, but significant binding can still be detected in 100 mM KCl.
      These studies suggest that 42K+ (or 86Rb+) is far from an ideal probe for
      measuring delta tsi in respiring mitochondria and may significantly overestimate
      this parameter, especially in sucrose media.

PMID- 3369864
TI  - Functional characterization of fetal and adult yak hemoglobins: an oxygen binding
      cascade and its molecular basis.
AB  - In contrast to most other mammals, the yak, which is native to high altitudes,
      has two major fetal and two or four major adult hemoglobin (Hb) components. We
      report the oxygen affinities and sensitivities to pH and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      of the two fetal and two adult Hbs commonly found in calves, compared to those of
      adult cow Hb A, and relate these findings to their primary structures and to
      placental maternal-fetal oxygen transfer at altitude. Arranged in order of
      decreasing oxygen affinity the Hbs are F1 (alpha I2 gamma 2), F2 (alpha II2 gamma
      2), A1 (alpha II2 beta II2), and cow Hb A. The higher affinity of the fetal than
      the adult yak Hbs correlates with the beta 15Trp----Phe substitution, whereas the
      higher affinity in yak than in cow Hb correlates with the beta 135Ala----Val
      substitution. The difference in oxygen affinities between yak Hbs A1 and A2,
      which have identical beta chains, suggests the existence of yet unknown
      mechanisms determining oxygen affinity. The larger Bohr effects of F2 than F1 and
      of A2 than A1 are attributable to alpha-chain differences, most probably the
      alpha I50Glu----alpha II50His substitution.

PMID- 3369865
TI  - Identification and characterization of a proteoglycan in embryonic chicken skin
      that can interact with hyaluronic acid.
AB  - Sulfated proteoglycans of the dorsal skin of 8.5-day-old chick embryos have been
      characterized in terms of their extractability from the tissue, solubility, and
      sedimentation and chromatographic behavior. The proteoglycans described in this
      communication are those that remain soluble after dialysis against 0.5 m NaCl.
      Two chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (PGCS-A and PGCS-C) and a heparan sulfate
      proteoglycan (PGHS) have been identified. PGCS-A is the only proteoglycan found
      in the medium in which the skins were cultured. Under associative conditions (0.4
      M guanidine-HCl) PGCS-A and PGHS are extracted. The dissociative solvents (4 M
      guanidine-HCl) extract more PGCS-A and PGCS-C. PGCS-C has been shown to interact
      with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates. These proteoglycans have densities
      ranging from 1.49 to at least 1.59 g/ml. In contrast cartilage proteoglycans that
      can aggregate with hyaluronic acid have a density of at least 1.59 g/ml. It was
      not possible to determine if the PGCS-C aggregates exist in vivo.

PMID- 3369863
TI  - Induction of phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: enzymatic cyclization of
      prenylated pterocarpans to glyceollin isomers.
AB  - A microsome preparation from elicitor-challenged soybean cell suspension cultures
      catalyzed an NADPH-dependent and oxygen-dependent cyclization of a mixture of 2-
      and 4-dimethylallylglycinols to the glyceollin isomers I-III. This is the last
      committed step in glyceollin biosynthesis. The cyclase was inhibited in a light
      reversible manner by carbon monoxide in the presence of oxygen. Cyclase was also
      inhibited by cytochrome c, NADP+, and a number of inhibitors of cytochrome P-450
      enzymes. NADH in the presence of low concentrations of NADPH had a synergistic
      effect. On a Percoll gradient, the position of cyclase coincided with marker
      enzymes for the endoplasmic reticulum. These properties identify the cyclase as a
      cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase. Unstimulated soybean cell culture did
      not contain detectable cyclase activity. Challenge with either a glucan elicitor
      from Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea or with yeast extract caused strong
      stimulation of cyclase activity with a maximum at about 24 h after elicitor
      addition.

PMID- 3369867
TI  - Oxidative decarboxylation of salsolinol-1-carboxylic acid to 1,2
      dehydrosalsolinol: evidence for exclusive catalysis by particulate factors in rat
      kidney.
AB  - The decarboxylation of salsolinol-1-carboxylic acid (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy
      1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid), a novel endogenous catecholic
      adduct of dopamine and pyruvic acid, was examined in nuclei-free homogenates of
      rat liver, whole brain, and kidney, as well as in buffer only. Liquid
      chromatographic analysis of incubations for varying times (30 min to 5 h) showed
      that the tetrahydroisoquinoline substrate decarboxylated oxidatively, forming one
      product, 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (1,2-dehydrosalsolinol).
      No salsolinol was apparent, even with added NADPH. In buffer, decarboxylation
      occurred by an apparent oxygen radical-mediated process: it was stimulated by
      cupric ion or elevated pH, and was suppressed by EDTA, superoxide dismutase,
      metal ion removal with Chelex-100, or low pH (less than 6). In liver or brain,
      the conversion was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that in buffer;
      thus there was no evidence for enzyme involvement. In kidney, however,
      dehydrosalsolinol formation was significantly greater than that in liver, brain,
      or buffer, and preboiling reduced it nearly to buffer values. The heat-labile
      kidney activity, displaying a pH maximum ca. 9, was localized in the particulate
      fractions. It was blocked completely by N-ethylmaleimide. Added superoxide
      dismutase was only slightly inhibitory; catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide, a
      hydroxyl radical trap, were uneffective. Lack of inhibition by indomethacin ruled
      against peroxidative involvement of kidney prostaglandin synthetase.
      Physiological amounts of a cofactor for amino acid decarboxylases, pyridoxal-5'
      phosphate, also had no effect. The oxidative decarboxylation of 1-carboxylated
      salsolinol by kidney fractions appears mainly due to a sulfhydryl-containing
      particulate factor unique to or relatively concentrated in that organ. Its
      identity, substrate specificity, and possible significance, particularly in
      alcoholism, where elevated salsolinol-1-carboxylic acid levels have been
      reported, remain to be ascertained.

PMID- 3369866
TI  - Induction of alcohol dehydrogenase activity and mRNA in hepatoma cells by
      dexamethasone.
AB  - Liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity was present in rat H4IIE hepatoma cells.
      Dexamethasone increased the enzyme activity two- to fourfold in these cells, but
      not in HepG2 cells. Enzyme induction was observed at dexamethasone concentrations
      as low as 10(-9) M, and the induction was maximal at 3 days. The increase in
      enzyme activity was accompanied by an increase in alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA on
      Northern blots and a two- to fourfold increase in alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA
      levels as estimated from cytoplasmic dot blots. There was no effect of
      dexamethasone on alpha-tubulin mRNA levels. Insulin, triiodothyronine, and growth
      hormone had no effect on alcohol dehydrogenase activity or mRNA levels. The
      induction of alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA by dexamethasone could be blocked by
      actinomycin D, but not by protein synthesis inhibitors. Superinduction of the
      mRNA (approximately twofold) was observed with dexamethasone in the presence of
      cycloheximide. Southern blots of genomic DNA from rat liver and H4IIE cells
      revealed no differences in alcohol dehydrogenase gene structure. The induction of
      alcohol dehydrogenase activity and mRNA levels by dexamethasone may be due to an
      increase in the rate of transcription of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene.

PMID- 3369868
TI  - Molecular basis for the isozymes of bovine glucose-6-phosphate isomerase.
AB  - Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase exists as multiple, catalytically active isozymes
      which can be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric
      focusing, and ion-exchange chromatography. GPI from bovine heart was purified to
      homogeneity and each of the isozymes resolved. Four of the five isozymes were
      characterized with regard to their physical, chemical, and catalytic properties
      in order to establish their possible physiological significance and to ascertain
      their molecular basis. The isozymes exhibited identical native (118,000) and
      subunit (59,000) molecular weights but had different apparent pI values of 7.2,
      7.0, 6.8, and 6.6. Kinetic constants, such as turnover number, Km and Ki values,
      were identical for all isozymes in either reaction direction. Structural analyses
      showed that the amino termini were blocked and the carboxyl terminal sequences
      were -Glu-Ala-Ser-Gly for all four isozymes. The most basic isozyme was more
      stable than the more acidic isozymes at pH extremes, at high ionic strength, in
      the presence of denaturants, or upon exposure to proteases. When the most basic
      isozyme was incubated in vitro under mild alkaline conditions, there was a
      spontaneous generation of the more acidic isozymes with electrophoretic
      properties identical to those found in vivo. The simultaneous release of ammonia
      along with the spontaneous shift to more acidic isozymes indicates deamidation as
      the molecular basis for the formation of the acidic isozymes both in vivo and in
      vitro. The change in the peptide fragmentation patterns following cleavage by
      hydroxylamine further suggests that deamidation of specific Asn-Gly bonds
      accounts for the structural basis of the isozymes.

PMID- 3369869
TI  - [Digital mammo-radiography (DMR) in mass screening for breast cancer].
AB  - There are still many problems to be overcome in the development of mammographic
      apparatus suitable for mass screening purposes, but a certain number of these
      have been solved in the system discussed in the present paper. The equipment
      employs the technique of displaying I.I. images on a monitor by means of an image
      processor. This possesses the advantages of both film mammography and
      xeromammography, and the X-ray dose involved is small. The following advantages
      over film mammography are offered: The system is capable of clearly bringing out
      very minor differences of contrast. Tumor shadows can be easily displayed. The X
      ray dose is small: 0.03-0.05 R. The equipment is inexpensive to use. Patient
      positioning is simple, and examinations take little time. Long operator training
      programs are unnecessary. The system uses digital signals, and so automatic
      diagnosis is possible. Theoretically, at least, tumors as small as 0.2 mm in
      diameter can be detected. The future goal is discovering unpalpable breast
      cancers. DMR is useful because of low dose, low cost and high safety. In our
      study as screening for breast cancer, DMR system shows high sensitivity (87.1%),
      specificity (78.7%) in 391 cases of out patients.

PMID- 3369870
TI  - [Effect of MX-2, a morpholino anthracycline derivative, against human and rat
      glioma cells and experimental leptomeningeal tumors in rats].
AB  - MX-2, a new morpholino anthracycline derivative, showed broad anti-neoplastic
      activity against experimental tumors. Molecular weight of MX-2 is 622.07, and it
      can cross blood-brain barrier because of its high lipid solubility. In this
      report, we described its in vitro and in vivo effects on brain tumors. The growth
      of rat 9L and human KNS-42 glioma cells were markedly inhibited by the medium
      containing more than 1 ng/ml of MX-2. The inhibitory concentration of MX-2 for
      50% cell kill was 1.8 ng/ml for 9L cell and 18 ng/ml for KNS-42, respectively.
      These values were the almost same as those reported with P388 leukemia. In rats
      with meningeal carcinomatosis induced by intracisternal inoculation of Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma cells, the median survival time was significantly prolonged. The
      increased life span was 40, 40, 40 (p less than 0.01), and 20% (p less than 0.05)
      in the animals given intravenous MX-2 of 1.5, 1.0, 0.75, and 0.375 mg/kg on day
      1, 5, and 9 after tumor inoculation respectively. These results indicate that MX
      2 may be a promising new antineoplastic agent for the treatment of malignant
      brain tumor.

PMID- 3369871
TI  - [Phase I study of SM-5887, a new anthracycline derivative].
AB  - SM-5887, a new totally synthetic anthracycline derivative, was studied in a phase
      I setting. Twenty-nine evaluable courses of treatment were conducted in groups at
      doses increasing from 10 to 130 mg/m2. At 130 mg/m2 the median lowest WBC count
      was 0.7 x 10(3)/mm3 (range 0.3-1.8) and the median lowest platelet count was 57 x
      10(3)/mm3 (range 4-176). Nonhematological side effects were mild gastrointestinal
      symptoms and hair loss. The recommended dose and schedule for a phase II setting
      is 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks.

PMID- 3369872
TI  - [A cancer of unknown primary site with diffuse metastasis to the bone marrow
      treated effectively with FAM combination chemotherapy].
AB  - A patient with cancer of unknown primary site suffering from diffuse bone marrow
      metastasis and DIC, was treated with FAM (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and
      mitomycin C) combination chemotherapy. She was a 58-year-old housewife. Bone
      marrow biopsy revealed that her marrow tissue was completely replaced by cancer
      cells, and bone scintigraphy showed diffuse bone marrow metastasis in all the
      vertebrae, sternum, pelvic bones and skull. After 5 months administration of 3
      courses of FAM therapy, the cancer cells were completely eradicated in the bone
      marrow upon biopsy taken at almost the same position as the previous one. The
      values of CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125 were normalized, suggesting that this therapy
      was very effective.

PMID- 3369873
TI  - [Stage D1 prostatic cancer benefited by a single regimen of Estracyt].
AB  - One problem in the management of prostatic cancer is that about half of the
      patients with this disease have metastatic lesions at first diagnosis and
      therefore tend to be given palliative rather than radical therapy. We report here
      a patient with stage D prostatic cancer who was treated with a single regimen of
      estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). The patient was a 63-year-old man who was
      admitted to Keio University Hospital because of sudden onset of double vision.
      Under a presumptive diagnosis of brain tumor, he underwent thorough examination
      including brain CT, Ga and bone scan and basic blood tests, which revealed an
      extraordinarily high level of acid phosphatase. He was therefore referred to our
      urological division for investigation of possible prostatic cancer. On the basis
      of the results of urological examinations, a diagnosis of prostatic cancer, stage
      D, was confirmed. Accordingly, radical surgery was not indicated and instead he
      was started on oral Estracyt, to which he responded well. He has been enjoying a
      comfortable life to date, over one and a half years after initial referral.

PMID- 3369874
TI  - [Repeated intra-abdominal administration of CDDP in carcinomatous peritonitis due
      to gastric cancer--a case report].
AB  - Two years and 10 months after gastrectomy, a 38-year-old man was diagnosed as
      having carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer. He was treated by intra
      abdominal administration of 100 mg CDDP three times in addition to UFT. After
      each administration of CDDP, the amount of ascites and the serum value of CEA
      were decreased. Subjective symptoms, such as epigastric pain or sensation of
      fullness, were also improved. Although one year and 8 months has passed since the
      first administration of CDDP, the performance status of the patient remains 0.
      Nausea or vomiting was noted within 2 days after each administration. However,
      severe complications, like renal failure or intra-abdominal hemorrhage, were not
      observed. These findings suggest that repeated intra-abdominal administration of
      CDDP may be a useful therapy for carcinomatous peritonitis due to gastric cancer.

PMID- 3369875
TI  - [A case of recurrent ovarian cancer successfully treated with etoposide].
AB  - A 49-year-old woman with recurrent ovarian cancer clear cell carcinoma was
      treated by etoposide. The recurrence was found seven months after second
      operation. The etoposide (50 mg/day per os) was first given for 2 weeks and then
      etoposide (25 mg/day per os) for 4.5 months. After one month of treatment the
      target tumor mass was reduced in size, and the therapy was continued for 4 months
      in our Outpatient Department. A partial response was confirmed by B-Scope, and
      the tumor marker CA-125 was reduced to 15 U/ml from 210 U/ml before treatment. No
      side effects were observed in the patient. This case suggests that etoposide
      might be effective for recurrent ovarian cancer and the whole treatment course
      could be handled in the Outpatient Department.

PMID- 3369876
TI  - [The clinical and histological effect of preoperative combination chemotherapy
      with low dose MTX.5-FU in oral cancer].

PMID- 3369877
TI  - A multimodal approach to validation and refinement of an existing nursing
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3369879
TI  - So you use a systems approach in therapy: what does that mean?

PMID- 3369878
TI  - AIDS: a guide to suicide assessment.

PMID- 3369880
TI  - Coming of age: child psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 3369881
TI  - Sexually abused children and their drawings.

PMID- 3369882
TI  - Assessing support--the recently widowed.

PMID- 3369883
TI  - DSM-III-R: introduction and overview of changes.

PMID- 3369884
TI  - A nursing science approach to understanding empathy.

PMID- 3369885
TI  - [Endoscopic treatment of varicocele].

PMID- 3369886
TI  - [Bladder leiomyoma].

PMID- 3369887
TI  - [Tumors of the spermatic cord: report of a neurofibroma].

PMID- 3369888
TI  - [At-random biopsies in patients with cancer of the bladder].

PMID- 3369889
TI  - [Presence of amino acids in calculi of calcium oxalate].

PMID- 3369890
TI  - [Ureterorenoscopy. Our first experience].

PMID- 3369891
TI  - [Double-J ureteral catheters: indications and results].

PMID- 3369892
TI  - [Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in adults by endoscopic injections of teflon
      paste].

PMID- 3369893
TI  - [Urinary retention caused by imperforation of the hymen].

PMID- 3369894
TI  - [Hypernephroma in mastic kidney].

PMID- 3369895
TI  - [Unusual presentation of testicular tumors].

PMID- 3369896
TI  - [Brushite lithiasis. A challenge to intraurologic treatment?].

PMID- 3369897
TI  - Operationalizing standards of care in the acute care setting.

PMID- 3369898
TI  - Selecting educational materials for patients with limited reading abilities.

PMID- 3369899
TI  - Amputation. Case study.

PMID- 3369900
TI  - Battling the nursing shortage head-on: an interview with the NLN's Pamela
      Maraldo. Interview by Susan Perras.

PMID- 3369901
TI  - Response to illness and compliance of long-term hemodialysis patients.

PMID- 3369902
TI  - [Adhesion of Pasteurella to cells].

PMID- 3369903
TI  - [Liver function of dairy cows during the peripartum period. 1. Generation of
      subclinical liver function disorders by intensive feeding during advanced
      pregnancy].

PMID- 3369904
TI  - [Liver function of dairy cows during the peripartum period. 2. Behavior of
      laboratory parameters with reference to liver function].

PMID- 3369906
TI  - [Lymph drainage in calf and piglet lungs].

PMID- 3369905
TI  - [Liver function of dairy cows during the peripartum period. 3. Occurrence and
      dynamics of lipid deposits in the liver].

PMID- 3369907
TI  - [Behavior of calves with pneumonia or diarrhea in the first 3 months of life].

PMID- 3369908
TI  - [Relation between the protein supply of chicks and disposition to Eimeria tenella
      infections].

PMID- 3369909
TI  - [Sodium and potassium content of bull sperm during cooling and after thawing of
      cryopreserved pellets].

PMID- 3369910
TI  - [Detection of antibodies to Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica in
      the serum of calves].

PMID- 3369911
TI  - [The significance of opsonizing serum factors for the ingestion of Salmonella by
      neutrophilic granulocytes of cattle].

PMID- 3369912
TI  - [The structure of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida].

PMID- 3369913
TI  - [The fluid balance of calves. 3. Transfer rate of a radioindicator as a measure
      of the fluid exchange and effect of an infusion on fluid volume during diarrhea].

PMID- 3369914
TI  - [The transformation of peripheral lymphocytes of calves in immunization and
      infection with Chlamydia].

PMID- 3369915
TI  - [The normal difference of middle range counts as a unit of measurement for
      distribution differences in inexact quantification].

PMID- 3369916
TI  - [Quantitative bacteriological studies in experimentally infected laboratory
      animals. 4. Effect of activated and inactivated immunomodulators on experimental
      Listeria monocytogenes infections].

PMID- 3369917
TI  - [The effect of a single progesterone administration in early pregnancy of sows on
      the glycogen concentration of the endometrium].

PMID- 3369918
TI  - [Studies on dichlorvos (DDVP). II. Testing of dichlorvos for carcinogenic
      activity in rats].
AB  - The question has remained open, whether or not the pesticide Dichlorvos (DDVP)
      should be classified as a carcinogen. The results of a long-term experiment of
      testing DDVP in male and female C57Bl/6/Bln mice, recently published by us in
      this journal did not indicate the development of neoplastic lesions due to the
      administration of the compound. Now we report on results of long-term
      administration of DDVP to male and female BD IX/Bln rats. In the groups of male
      rats a increased incidence of proliferations of bile duct cells and of oval cells
      of the liver was observed, which was statistically significant (p less than 0.05)
      in the group of the higher dosed animals when compared with the group of the
      vehicle control male rats. Among the DDVP-treated female rats a significantly
      decreased incidence of tumors of the adrenal glands and of mammary tumors was
      observed as compared to the vehicle control group. Similar results were obtained
      in earlier experiments, when rats were treated with Trichlorfon, which easily
      convert to DDVP. In comparison to the corresponding control group DDVP-treated
      male rats showed a higher incidence of focal, hyperplasias of the urinary
      bladder, of focal hyperplasias of the pelvis and of transitional cell carcinomas
      of the renal pelvis. DDVP-treated female rats showed the opposite, namely lower
      incidences of these types of tumors, when compared with the control group. In our
      study on rats there were no neoplastic lesions found which could be attributed to
      the treatment of the animals with DDVP.

PMID- 3369919
TI  - [Sequential animal experimental determination of optimal dosages for combinations
      of cytostatics using a reduced number of experimental animals
      (vepeside/ifosfamide combination)].
AB  - Complete groups of animals can be economized by application of the Box-Wilson
      method to experimental determination of an optimal dosage for a drug combination.
      It is possible to minimize the number of controls additionally by means of
      successive cumulation of the number of controls additionally by means of
      successive cumulation of control-dates of interest over the single experiments of
      the series required and to improve the estimation of the reference parameter. An
      example is given to explain the procedure of evaluation of an optimal dosage for
      the two-drug combination VP16/IFX. Side effects are taken into consideration. An
      advantage is proved for the combination against the single substances.

PMID- 3369920
TI  - Effect of a defined diet in liquid form on gastric carcinogenesis induced by N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats.
AB  - The effect of ad libitum feeding of a defined diet in liquid form on the
      incidence of gastric adenocarcinomas induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated in Wistar rats. Fresh defined diet was
      supplied once every 24 h from 2 weeks before oral administration of MNNG to the
      end of the experiment in week 52. Oral administration of the defined diet
      resulted in significant decrease in the incidence of gastric cancers in
      experimental week 52. It also caused a significant increase in the incidence of
      atypical glandular hyperplasia, which is a precursor of gastric cancer.
      Furthermore, administration of the defined diet for 30 and 52 weeks also resulted
      in significant decrease in the serum gastrin level and the marked gastric mucosal
      hypoplasia. These findings indicate that the defined diet in liquid form
      inhibited the development of gastric cancers and that this effect may have been
      related to its effect in decreasing proliferation of cells in the antral mucosa.

PMID- 3369921
TI  - [Epidemiology of tumors of the central nervous system--influence of the autopsy
      rate on the incidence rate].
AB  - Using the records of the population-based National Cancer Registry (NCR) of the
      German Democratic Republic from 1968-1983 it was assessed that 5608 (28.9%) out
      of 19,413 registered primary CNS-tumors were diagnosed at autopsy only. This rate
      was especially high in meningiomas (53.8%), choroid plexus papillomas (40%) and
      melanomas (37.9%). 20.7% of the primary malignant melanomas of the CNS were
      clinically diagnosed as metastases to the CNS. The results show a considerable
      influence of the autopsy rate on the incidence-values of brain tumors. The
      autopsy rate should be taken into consideration when comparing incidence rates of
      CNS-tumors obtained in various regions.

PMID- 3369922
TI  - [Occupational medical surveillance of people with an increased risk of cancer].
AB  - There are special tasks to the industrial hygienists and physicians in the
      surveillance of employees exposed to carcinogenic substances by reason of the
      "Order of the well-timed perception of tumors". It is necessary to develop
      arrangements for the estimation of a general or individual cancer risk before
      tumor manifestation. Measure of the extent of hemoglobin adducts is considered to
      be the best biological monitoring.

PMID- 3369923
TI  - [Analysis of the occurrence of cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses due to
      exposure to wood dust].

PMID- 3369924
TI  - Oxidation of antipsoriatic 10-acyldithranol derivatives and dithranol to 1,8
      dihydroxyanthraquinone.

PMID- 3369925
TI  - [Synthesis of new compounds with local anesthetic activity. 11. Synthesis and
      action of 4-(3-bibenzyl-4-yl-propyl)-morpholine, a bioisosteric fomocaine].

PMID- 3369926
TI  - Cyclovinylogues of guanethidine.

PMID- 3369927
TI  - [Relation between structure and cytotoxic activity of panaxydol analogs against
      L1210 cells].

PMID- 3369928
TI  - Spectrophotometric assay of 5,5'-(salicylidene)bis-(2-thiobarbituric acid).

PMID- 3369929
TI  - [Mechanism of the polarographic reduction of the tranquilizer uldazepam].

PMID- 3369930
TI  - [Polymers with antimicrobial groups--synthesis and activity].

PMID- 3369931
TI  - [Organomercury group polymers--synthesis and antimicrobial activity].

PMID- 3369932
TI  - beta-Carbolines from Japanese sake and soy sauce: synthesis and biological
      activity of flazin and yellow substance YS (perlolyrine).

PMID- 3369933
TI  - Synthesis and cytostatic screening of an SO2 analogue of doridosine.

PMID- 3369934
TI  - Common bile duct pressure in patients with common bile duct stones with or
      without acute suppurative cholangitis.
AB  - Resting common bile duct pressure was measured in three groups of patients: group
      1, 53 patients with gallstones but without common duct stones; group 2, 35
      patients with common bile duct stones unaccompanied by cholangitis; and group 3,
      36 patients with common duct stones and acute suppurative cholangitis. A
      significantly higher pressure in the common bile duct was documented in patients
      with cholangitis when compared with the other two groups. Twenty-four patients
      with cholangitis had common duct pressure values above 20 cm H2O, the maximal
      values of normal. Additionally, patients with cholangitis with pressure values
      over 30 cm H2O (nine patients) showed absence of green bile in the extrahepatic
      biliary tract, suggesting cessation of bile excretion into biliary duct. In all
      these cases, an impacted stone at the distal end of the common bile duct was
      documented.

PMID- 3369935
TI  - Hemobilia. A disease in evolution.
AB  - Ten patients with hemobilia were treated over a six-year period. Six cases
      resulted from iatrogenic injury (percutaneous invasive procedures, four; surgical
      trauma, two); the others were caused by gallstone disease (two), liver trauma
      (one), and vasculitis (one). Five patients were treated successfully by selective
      arterial embolization. In the other five patients, embolization was not possible
      due to previous surgical and/or radiologic procedures, or it was contraindicated,
      and thus, surgical treatment was undertaken. One of these patients died. There
      were no long-term sequelae in the remaining nine patients followed up for 12 to
      66 months. Selective hepatic arterial embolization is the treatment of choice for
      hemobilia. Inappropriate embolization or surgery frequently fails to control the
      bleeding and may also prevent later successful embolization.

PMID- 3369937
TI  - Lumpectomy and radiation therapy: a question answered.

PMID- 3369938
TI  - Ileocecostomy.

PMID- 3369936
TI  - Computed tomography of abdominal aortic aneurysm. An in vivo pathological report
      with a note on dynamic predictors.
AB  - A group of computed tomography (CT) descriptors were derived for abdominal aortic
      aneurysms. Terminology was defined and applied to the interpretation of the CT
      image in 55 prospective cases. Correlation of geometric parameters of aneurysm
      and analysis of the relationship of internal aneurysm components such as lumen
      and thrombus was performed. Predictive growth patterns for aneurysm demonstrated
      a synchronous increase in the volume of thrombus within the aneurysm in those
      aneurysms measuring 5 to 7 cm. Aneurysms greater than 7 cm were associated with
      an expansion of the patent pulsatile lumen, with no appreciable increase in
      thrombus volume. The thrombus-lumen ratio effectively described the changing
      internal architecture of aneurysm associated with increase in size. Proper
      utilization of CT descriptors develops a language that interprets aneurysm
      stability and potential for rupture and may provide an improved basis for timely
      surgical planning.

PMID- 3369939
TI  - Gastric emptying time in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

PMID- 3369940
TI  - Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and proliferative index in breast
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3369941
TI  - [The effect of exogenous factors on pre-cecal nutrient and amino acid resorption
      determined in swine with ileo-rectal anastomoses. 2. The effect of the degree of
      grinding of plant protein-rich concentrates in rations].
AB  - In digestion trials using pigs fitted with ileo-rectal anastomoses and intact
      pigs, the influence of two different grinding finenesses (coarse, fine) of
      vegetable high-protein concentrates (soya bean meal, field bean, lupin) added to
      cereal diets was examined. It was found that neither the precaecal nor the total
      nutrient absorption and digestibility were practically injured, when in the
      concentrates the particle sizes bigger than 2 mm did not amount more than 20% and
      whole grains hardly occurred. The investigations concerned the crude putrients,
      watersoluble carbohydrates and starch as well as the indispensable and
      dispensable amino acids. The apparent and true precaecal absorption values and
      total digestibility data for soya bean meal (heat treated), field bean (variety
      'Fribo' and yellow sweet lupin (variety 'Bornova'--calculated by the different
      method--are given and discussed.

PMID- 3369942
TI  - [Urea utilization in growing lambs. 6. N balance with 15N urea].
AB  - Lambs of an age of 2 or 4 months and of an average live weight of 14.7 and 27.4
      kg resp. received rations consisting of 44% cereals, 46% dried sugar beet pulp,
      6% wheat starch, 2% urea and 2% mineral-vitamin mixture. The crude protein
      content was 17.1 and 15.9% resp. in the dry matter, that of native crude protein
      10.6 and 9.4% resp. During a 6-day N balance period 8 and 16 g 15N urea resp.
      with a 15N excess (15N') of 9.26 and 9.40 atom-% were fed orally instead of
      commercial feeding urea. There were no significant differences between the two
      age groups with regard to the digestibility of the organic matter and the crude
      nutrients. The average N balance of 372 +/- 85 mg/kg LW 0.75/day were in the
      intermediate range of N retention capacity and accounted for 26 +/- 5% of the
      consumed N. N retention in per cent. was slightly lower in younger lambs.
      Projections of urea utilization in a quasi stationary state resulted in an
      efficiency of the utilization of 33 +/- 4%. The dismembering of the lambs at the
      end of the main period showed between 0.02 and 0.22 atom-% 15N' in the total N,
      TCA precipitable N and amino acid N of the meat. At between 0.24 and 0.38 atom-%
      15N' they were highest in the heart and jaw muscles. The quota of 15N' amounts
      found in the total N of the meat were 10.6 +/- 3% of the 15N-intake and 20.1 +/-
      5.1% of the 15N' amount remaining in the body. The bones contained 7.7 +/- 1.7%
      and the fleece 7.9 +/- 3.1% of the 15N'-intake. Generally seen, the total N and
      urea utilization was slightly lower in younger lambs than in older ones.

PMID- 3369943
TI  - Apparent lack of effect of vaccination against mink enteritis virus (MEV). A
      challenge study.
AB  - The mink enteritis virus part of a triple vaccine was tested in mink. No raise in
      antibody response was measured after vaccination. Subsequent challenge of groups
      of vaccinated or not-vaccinated animals revealed no differences in virus
      excretion or antibody response in the different animals.

PMID- 3369945
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the human influenza
      virus A/Chile/1/83 (H1N1). Brief report.
AB  - The complete nucleotide sequence of the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza
      virus A/Chile/1/83 (H1N1) has been determined after reverse transcription and
      cloning into the plasmid pAT 153/PvuII/8. The gene is 1461 nucleotides long and
      codes for a protein of 470 amino acids. The overall nucleotide and predicted
      amino acid sequence of the A/Chile/1/83 NA exhibits a high homology with other N1
      neuraminidases. Hyper-variable regions concerning A to G exchanges are discussed.

PMID- 3369944
TI  - Pathogenesis of rabies virus from a Danish bat (Eptesicus serotinus): neuronal
      changes suggestive of spongiosis.
AB  - Rabies virus strains isolated from a European bat (Eptesicus serotinus) in
      Denmark (DBV), a North American big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) in New York
      State (NY-bat), and a human in South Africa (Duvenhage strain (DUV-1) were
      studied by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and by inoculating mice, cats,
      and dogs. The ten Danish virus isolates from the same bat species reacted
      identically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence, monoclonal
      antibody, and histopathologic studies showed that the Danish bat isolates were
      similar to Duvenhage, and to some degree, to classical rabies virus. All isolates
      produced fatal infections in mice when inoculated by the intracerebral, footpad,
      and oral routes. Dogs and cats inoculated intracerebrally with the DBV and DUV-1
      virus strains died of rabies-like illnesses within 10 days. Although no dogs that
      were inoculated intramuscularly or intravenously showed signs of disease, all
      developed neutralizing antibodies and resisted challenge with lethal dose of
      street rabies virus. All dogs inoculated with the NY-bat virus, with the
      exception of those inoculated intravenously, showed classical signs of rabies and
      one of the intramuscularly inoculated dogs recovered. Cats inoculated
      intramuscularly also died of rabies-like illness within 15 days. At necropsy,
      rabies antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in frozen sections of several
      organs, including brain and salivary glands. Histopathologic and electron
      microscopic studies of the central nervous system of mice, dogs and cats that
      died of DBV infection showed neuronal cytoplasmic changes considered to be a form
      of spongiosis.

PMID- 3369947
TI  - Will the St. Mary's case challenge us to change?

PMID- 3369948
TI  - Current legal concerns: regulations concerning hazardous chemicals in the
      workplace.

PMID- 3369949
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of the human adrenal
      cortex in prenatal ontogenesis].
AB  - By means of transmissive electron microscopy the adrenals have been studied in 25
      human embryos and fetuses at the age of 6-36 weeks. Certain stages have been
      revealed in formation of the adrenal cortex microcirculatory bed. In 6-7-week-old
      embryos (period of diffuse protocapillary bed) endothelial structure and
      mesenchymal cells, surrounding the adrenal anlage, resemble one another. A
      distinguished feature of the endothelium is regularly revealed desmosomes and
      large vacuoles, often found in cytoplasm of endotheliocytes. In 8-12-week-old
      fetuses (period when the organospecific microcirculatory bed is forming) sinusoid
      capillaries differentiate in the internal zone of the adrenal cortex; in
      endothelium fenestrae, "hatches", "locks" are revealed, the capillary basal
      membrane is formed. During subsequent time of the intrauterine development
      perfection of the microcirculatory pathways in the adrenals takes place, the
      arteriolar link of the subcapsular layer including. By the time of birth
      morphofunctional maturity of the microcirculatory bed in the adrenal cortex is
      noted.

PMID- 3369946
TI  - The host origin of influenza A viruses can be assessed by the intracellular
      cleavage of the viral nucleocapsid protein. Brief report.
AB  - The major nucleocapsid protein (NP) of many human influenza A viruses was
      reported to be cleaved in infected cells to reduce its molecular weight (MW) from
      56 to 53 K [28]. This was not found in non-human influenza strains. In this paper
      two groups of viruses are described which break this rule. Two strains, A/New
      Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) and A/Baku/799/82 (H1N3), isolated from man possess
      uncleavable NP like animal viruses and a limited number of viruses of H1N1 and
      H3N2 subtypes isolated from animals possess NP which is cleaved like human
      viruses. To account for these observations it is proposed that there are two
      categories of influenza viruses, which cross interspecies barriers and migrate
      from animal to man or vice versa.

PMID- 3369951
TI  - [Bone marrow cells as affected by staphylococcal toxin against a background of
      overheating of the whole body].
AB  - The electron microscopic study of the material demonstrates that after injection
      of staphylococcal toxin in combination with high temperature, in the bone marrow
      cells of the animals certain ultrastructural changes are observed already from
      the first day of the experiment and they progressively increase. Especially
      essential changes are observed in the cells of erythroid and granulocytic
      sprouts. In elements of lymphoid and megakaryocytic sprouts morphological changes
      are manifested to a less degree. Sometimes in vacuoles irregular formations of
      high electron density are localized.

PMID- 3369950
TI  - [Lymphoid formations of the spleen in persons of different ages].
AB  - Histological preparations of the spleen obtained from 64 corpses of persons of
      both sex and various age died from traumas, asphyxia, acute cardiac ischemia have
      been investigated. Microscopical anatomy of the spleen lymphoid formations has
      been described at various age periods, as well as structural interrelations of
      periarterial lymphoid muffs and lymphoid nodules with each other, with arteries
      and trabeculae. The periarterial lymphoid muffs embrace the splenic arteries
      immediately as they leave the trabeculae and get into the periarterial zones of
      the lymphoid nodules. The data have been obtained on relative contents of the
      main splenic structural components and on size of the lymphoid nodules and their
      germinative centers at various age in accordance with the modern age
      periodization, intensity of the age factor influence on these parameters is
      demonstrated. Problems of morphofunctional interrelations of certain splenic
      structures are discussed.

PMID- 3369952
TI  - [Changes in the human fat mass from the ages of 6 to 18].
AB  - In 2,300 persons of both sex, 6, 8, 10, and 18 years of age, using the caliper of
      "Holtein"-type for measuring thickness of skin-fat folds, age dynamics in
      distribution of subcutaneous fat, as well as general, subcutaneous and internal
      fat have been estimated. Both in boys and girls at the age of 6-12 years the
      place of the greatest accumulation of the subcutaneous fat is the anterior
      surface of the femur; its least layer up to 10 years of age is localized on the
      brachium, and at the age of 12 and 18 years--on the forearm. The subcutaneous fat
      mass from 6 up to 12 years of age increases more than 3 times, while the body
      mass at the same time increases only by 91-98%. The most significant increment of
      the general fat mass is noted at 10-12 years of age. In 6-year-old children the
      part of the subcutaneous fat in the body mass is less than that of the internal
      fat. By 12 years of age the relative mass of the subcutaneous fat increases, and
      that of the internal fat remains practically the same. This, evidently,
      demonstrates that equilibrium between volumetric characteristics of tissues in
      the internal medium of the organism is preserved in the process of its age
      development. Up to 12 years of age sexual differences in the dynamics of all the
      parameters are insignificant. Comparing with the adolescents, in 18-year-old boys
      fat mass--body mass ratio decreases, and in the girls it continues to
      increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369953
TI  - [Morphometric characteristics of the muscles of the lower extremities during
      movement in the human].
AB  - Systemic investigation of the mechanisms that control locomotions in the man
      provides elaboration of some problems concerning properties and construction of
      the locomotory apparatus, especially morphometric characteristics of the muscles-
      length and shoulder of the thrust force. Various methods for determining length
      and shoulder of the thrust force are considered. The first method is based on
      substituting the muscles for mathematical or mechanical model. The second method
      makes it possible to define the degree of the muscle elongation by means of
      measuring the distance between the ends of the sectioned tendon; it includes
      regression equations, connecting a relative elongation of the muscles with the
      angle change in the joints. As a result of perfection of the previously known
      methods, mathematical models are made, owing to them it is possible to calculate
      morphometric characteristics of 8 muscles in the lower extremities using computer
      facilities. As an example, results of calculations, by means of various methods,
      morphometric characteristics of the gastrocnemius muscle are presented. They are
      obtained at registration of the kinematics of the run with a maximal speed.
      Satisfactive coincidence of the results is obtained.

PMID- 3369954
TI  - [Effect of prolactin on the enzymatic activity of thyroid follicular cells during
      stress due to surgery and subsequent subcutaneous inflammation].
AB  - In order to reveal prolactin (Prl) effect on the enzymatic activity of the
      thyroid follicular cells at a subcutaneous inflammation, 2 series of experiments
      have been performed on 100 non-inbred male rats with body mass of 150-170 g. In
      order to produce the inflammation, under ether narcosis celloidin globules are
      introduced subcutaneously in the abdominal wall. The test animals are given 0.125
      mg of "Lactin" (the Soviet preparation of bovine Prl) in 0.5 ml of isotonic
      solution once every day, beginning immediately after the operation. At the same
      time the control animals are given 0.5 ml of isotonic solution. The time of
      observations are--2, 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15 days after the operation. As a
      result of quantitative cytochemical investigation of the enzymatic activity in
      the thyroid follicular cell, multiphasic dynamics of SDG, LDG, G-6-PhDG, NADH-DG,
      NADPhH-DG, MAO activity and changes in carbohydrate metabolism type at various
      time of the subcutaneous inflammation are revealed. Daily injections of Prl
      against the background of the inflammation reduce amplitude of fluctuations of
      the enzymatic activity in thyrocytes. At late stages of inflammation (up to 2
      days) Prl slows down the decrease of SDG, G-6-PhDG, NADH-DG, NADPhH-DG activity
      and accelerates decrease of LDH activity. At early stages of inflammation (3-15)
      Prl slows down decrease of NADPhH-DG, NADH-DG activity and decreases LDH and NADH
      DG activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3369955
TI  - [Air-blood barrier of the lungs in acute hypoxic hypoxia as affected by
      liposomes].
AB  - Phospholipids injected into the organism under an acute hypoxic hypoxia prevent
      development of ultrastructural disorders in the air-blood barrier of the lungs,
      thus averting development of the pulmonary acute hypoxic hypoxia.

PMID- 3369956
TI  - [Organization of the epithelial stratum of the mammary glandular tree].
AB  - The main variants of epitheliocytes have been studied, cambial cells have been
      distinguished. Existence of peculiar columnar cells of epidermal proliferative
      units have been demonstrated in the mammary gland. They determine honeycomb
      shaped organization of the epithelial stratum of the glandular tree of the organ.

PMID- 3369957
TI  - [Ovarian changes in the progeny of females subjected to prolonged cooling].
AB  - The ovaries of immature offspring of the females, subjected to cooling (+5
      degrees-+7 degrees C) for 80 days (including pregnancy period) have been
      investigated. As a control the ovaries of immature offspring of the females,
      living in the vivarium have been studied. By means of the light optic, electron
      microscopic, fluorescent-histochemical and morphometric methods, analysis of the
      generative structures and activity of the sympathetic innervation of the ovaries
      of performed. Ultramicroscopic organization of ovocytes with early signs of
      destruction is examined. In the animals of the test group total number of
      follicles and indices of sympathetic mediation of the ovaries decrease, while
      more than two-fold increase of ovocytes with signs of destruction is noted,
      predominantly in the primordial follicles. Thus, a prolonged adaptation of the
      female to cooling results in certain changes of the ovarian reproductive function
      in the offspring.

PMID- 3369958
TI  - [The circulatory bed of the human uterine tube].
AB  - By means of combined morphological methods blood vessels have been studied in 54
      uterine tubes of child-birth women. The main pathways for carrying and
      distribution of blood to corresponding parts of the tube are sector arteries.
      They are situated in the subserous tela along the anterior and posterior
      semicircles of the organ. The microcirculatory bed (MCB) of the uterine tube is
      presented by serous, subserous, muscular and mucosal plexuses. The MCB of the
      serous tunic is characterized by vascular compositions--modules.
      Angioarchitectonics of the mucosal tunic is determined with differences in
      vascularization of complex and simple folds. Organospecific for small arteries
      and veins of the tubes is presence of vascular mechanisms, regulating the blood
      stream (intimal cushions, muscular-elastic constrictors, valves and others).
      Blood capillaries of the mucosal tunic possess a number of ultrastructural
      peculiarities: thickened peripheral part of endotheliocyte cytoplasm, that
      contains fenestrae; wide continuous basal membrane with pericytes in its
      duplication; three types of pericytic-endothelial contacts etc.

PMID- 3369959
TI  - [Detection of glucose-6-phosphatase activity on a semipermeable membrane].

PMID- 3369960
TI  - [Optimization of the academic research work of students by using a
      microcomputer].

PMID- 3369961
TI  - New use of electroencephalogram/video monitoring.

PMID- 3369962
TI  - Importance of carotid artery plaque distribution and hemorrhage.

PMID- 3369963
TI  - Anticardiolipin antibodies and migraine-related strokes.

PMID- 3369964
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome following Campylobacter jejuni enteritis.

PMID- 3369965
TI  - Horner's syndrome in temporal arteritis.

PMID- 3369966
TI  - Multiple memory deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis. Exploring the
      working memory system.
AB  - Some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrate impaired memory. A group
      of 16 patients with MS who were mildly to moderately affected (Kurtzke Expanded
      Disability Status Scale Score = 3.8) were studied, and they were compared with a
      matched control group on tests of "working memory." The working memory system was
      explored by evaluating the amount of information that can temporarily be held in
      a buffer system during encoding. Results indicated that patients with MS have
      difficulty in processing information at the level of a hypothesized articulatory
      loop in working memory. This deficit was correlated with their retrieval of
      verbal information from long-term memory, as well as how accurately they
      processed verbal information presented at a rapid rate. There was no significant
      relationship between ratings of MS severity or number of plaques visualized on
      magnetic resonance imaging scans and the degree of working memory deficit.

PMID- 3369967
TI  - Anterograde and retrograde amnesia in patients with chronic progressive multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - The performance of 38 patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis was
      compared with that of 26 age- and education-matched controls on a battery of
      tests of information-processing speed, verbal fluency, naming, egocentric
      perception, and anterograde and remote memory. Although there were marked
      differences in the extent and severity of cognitive disturbance among individual
      patients, as a group they were impaired compared with controls on all measures.
      Deficits were most striking on the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test and the verbal
      fluency measures, tests that require rapid information processing. More than 75%
      of the patients scored below the tenth percentile for controls on the Symbol
      Digit Modalities Test, while 61% scored below the tenth percentile on verbal
      fluency. Memory disturbances were also common. More than 45% of the patients
      scored below the tenth percentile. The proportion of impaired patients was quite
      similar for anterograde and remote memory tests and for recall and recognition
      procedures. The pattern of memory disturbance and slowed information processing
      resembled deficits generally observed in subcortical dementias, such as
      Huntington's disease, but in addition, the patients with multiple sclerosis
      showed naming difficulties that are usually associated with cortical dementias,
      such as Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3369969
TI  - Multiple sclerosis in Malaysia.
AB  - Thirty consecutive patients from peninsular Malaysia with clinically definite
      multiple sclerosis were studied; 80% were ethnic Chinese, with a female-male
      ratio of 5:1. The average age at onset was 29.7 years, with one relapse average
      every 1.9 years. Optic-spinal recurrence was the most common clinical pattern of
      the disease, accounting for 63.3% (19/30) of the cases. All the patients had
      spinal cord involvement sometime during the course of the illness. The mortality
      was high at 36.7% (11/30), with an average duration of symptoms of 7.6 years.
      There was characteristic severe residual visual and motor disability. At the time
      of the last examination, 12 patients had bilateral optic atrophy with blindness
      or severe visual acuity impairment. Sixteen patients were bedridden or confined
      to a wheelchair. The severe motor disability reflected the severe spinal cord
      involvement. It was the main factor that accounted for the high mortality. The
      cerebral, cerebellar, and brain-stem involvements were, however, generally
      transient. None of the patients' had a family history of similar illness despite
      the average sibling size of six. There was no example of Devic's disease. The
      clinical pattern was closest to those patients who presented from Taiwan.

PMID- 3369968
TI  - Multiple sclerosis, solvents, and pets. A case-referent study.
AB  - The effect of potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis was evaluated in a
      case-referent study that encompassed 83 cases and 467 randomized referents.
      Information on exposure was obtained by questionnaires that were mailed to the
      subjects. Mantel-Haenszel rate ratios were increased for males for occupational
      exposure to solvents and welding and for females for leisure time contact with
      dogs and caged birds. For both sexes, x-ray film examination occurred more
      frequently among cases than referents, possibly as an effect of early symptoms
      from the disease itself.

PMID- 3369970
TI  - Atypical psychosis with disseminated subpial demyelination.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman experienced three episodes of an atypical psychosis,
      characterized by confusion, agitation, delusional thinking, paranoid ideation,
      and auditory hallucinations, during the 14 months prior to her death. Findings of
      gross examination of the brain and spinal cord were unremarkable. Histologic
      examination revealed scattered subpial foci of demyelination throughout the brain
      stem, with involvement of the hippocampal formation bilaterally. Although
      occasional active lesions at early stages of development were noted, most lesions
      were gliotic and therefore quiescent. This case and one similar example of
      disseminated subpial demyelination found in the literature probably represent an
      unusual variant of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3369971
TI  - Functional recovery. A major risk factor for the development of postpoliomyelitis
      muscular atrophy.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to identify potential risk factors for the
      development of progressive postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy (PPMA). Patients
      with PPMA (n = 57) were compared with patients with a history of poliomyelitis
      but without a history of progressive weakness (n = 49). Patients who later
      developed PPMA had histories of more widespread acute paralysis, but relatively
      greater functional recovery. They were less disabled, and reported higher recent
      activity levels. Seventy-nine percent of the total variance between the PPMA and
      control groups could be accounted for by recovery alone (ie, severity minus
      disability). Functional recovery is generally attributed to reinnervation of
      sarcomeres by collateral sprouting from surviving lower motor neurons. Since
      degree of recovery predicts the risk of developing PPMA, our findings suggest
      that enlarged motor units may carry an increased susceptibility for dysfunction
      and/or degeneration.

PMID- 3369972
TI  - One-year follow-up of infants with abstinence-associated seizures.
AB  - Fourteen infants with neonatal abstinence-associated seizures were assessed
      neurodevelopmentally during the first year of life. Despite abnormal neurologic
      examination results in eight of 12 infants at 2 to 4 months of age, nine of 12
      infants had normal neurologic examination results at follow-up (two infants were
      unavailable for follow-up; one infant died of acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome). Nine neonatal electroencephalograms were abnormal; seven of eight of
      these abnormal tracings normalized during the follow-up period. Bayley
      developmental scores remained normal during the first year of life and did not
      differ from either passively addicted infants without seizures or from published
      population norms. This short-term favorable prognosis for abstinence-associated
      seizures differs from that associated with neonatal seizures due to other causes.
      This observed improvement in neurologic function may be based on replenishment of
      neurotransmitters following transient depletion in the neonatal period.

PMID- 3369973
TI  - Campylobacter diarrhea and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - Four of 106 consecutive patients with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome had preceding
      bacterial enteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni. One had a severe illness with
      axonal damage and poor outcome; three had typical courses with good recovery.
      Preceding illnesses in the other 102 patients were the following: diarrhea in
      nine (with negative stool cultures in five), upper respiratory tract infections
      in 46, hepatitis in six, other infectious illnesses in eight, and none in 33.
      Eight patients previously reported with Campylobacter associated with Guillain
      Barre syndrome, and the serologic and clinical diagnosis of Campylobacter
      enteritis in this context, are reviewed.

PMID- 3369975
TI  - Methylprednisolone and multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3369974
TI  - Epilepsy in autism and autisticlike conditions. A population-based study.
AB  - In a population-based study from Goteborg, Sweden, of infantile autism in
      children under age 10 years, we found epilepsy in 20% of the cases. Twice as many
      children among those with "autisticlike conditions" had epilepsy. All types of
      epilepsy were seen. Of the children in the study who had epilepsy, almost 75%
      (10/14) had psychomotor epilepsy. The association between autism-autisticlike
      conditions and epilepsy seemed to be with the behavioral disorder and not with
      the often concomitant mental retardation. Abnormalities evidenced on
      electroencephalograms seemed to be generated from the temporal regions and
      phylogenetically older parts of the brain in a majority of the cases.

PMID- 3369976
TI  - Steroid treatment in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3369977
TI  - Isolated small-vessel angiitis of the central nervous system.
AB  - Isolated cerebral angiitis was confirmed by brain parenchyma biopsy in a 31-year
      old man with a rapidly progressive encephalopathy and normal cerebral angiography
      and magnetic resonance imaging. Presenting features of aphasia, hemiparesis, and
      lethargy resembled herpes simplex encephalitis. Severe neurologic deficits
      rapidly resolved with steroids plus cyclophosphamide, and he remains in remission
      after two years. This case illustrates potentially misleading early
      manifestations of isolated cerebral angiitis, diagnostic limitations of
      angiography, the value of biopsy that includes both brain parenchyma and
      leptomeninges, and the potential efficacy of steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy
      in small-vessel disease. Clinical features and response to treatment vary widely
      in reported cases, suggesting that isolated cerebral angiitis may have diverse
      etiologies.

PMID- 3369978
TI  - Mycobacterial meningomyelitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus
      infection.
AB  - A homosexual man, seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus, developed back
      and leg pain that evolved, over three weeks, into a T-10 anesthetic, areflexic
      paraplegia. Spinal fluid examination showed lymphocytosis, markedly elevated
      spinal fluid protein, and hypoglycorrhachia. A spinal cord biopsy specimen
      disclosed an intramedullary granuloma containing acid-fast bacilli. The patient
      was treated with antituberculous drugs and had no progression of neurologic
      deficit. He died, eight months after first becoming ill, of Klebsiella
      pyelonephritis and septicemia. Mycobacterial meningomyelitis is presently the
      only known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related myelopathy responsive to
      specific treatment.

PMID- 3369979
TI  - Distal vacuolar myopathy with complete heart block.
AB  - We describe a 26-year-old man with a predominantly distal myopathy and complete
      heart block. A muscle biopsy specimen demonstrated numerous vacuoles, which, by
      electron microscopy, contained membranous whorls. Filamentous inclusions
      characteristic of inclusion body myositis were not seen. It is important to be
      aware that life-threatening cardiac disease may occur in this setting.

PMID- 3369980
TI  - Balanced salt solution infusion alert.

PMID- 3369981
TI  - Fluorescein elimination in human breast milk.

PMID- 3369982
TI  - Experience with a new detergent lid scrub in the management of chronic
      blepharitis.

PMID- 3369983
TI  - Treatment of chronic blepharitis.

PMID- 3369984
TI  - Afferent pupillary defect in asymmetric glaucoma.

PMID- 3369985
TI  - Scleral depression to facilitate endophotocoagulation.

PMID- 3369987
TI  - Goblet cell density in thermal and chemical injuries.

PMID- 3369986
TI  - Computer-assisted recognition of glaucomatous field loss.

PMID- 3369988
TI  - Chiastoptic vs chiastopic.

PMID- 3369989
TI  - The binocular corneal reflex in infants.

PMID- 3369990
TI  - Macular holes after pneumatic retinopexy. Case reports.

PMID- 3369991
TI  - Band keratopathy and calcific lid lesions in tumoral calcinosis. Case reports.

PMID- 3369992
TI  - Corneal ring formation after exposure to sulfamethoxazole. Case reports.

PMID- 3369993
TI  - Number of US ophthalmologists up, but percentage declines.

PMID- 3369994
TI  - Ophthalmic epidemiology and biostatistics.

PMID- 3369995
TI  - Glaucoma in blacks.

PMID- 3369996
TI  - Angiographic cystoid macular edema after posterior chamber lens implantation.
AB  - We performed a prospective study evaluating the incidence of angiographic cystoid
      macular edema (CME) following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior
      chamber intraocular lens implantation. Of the 162 eyes in the study, 141 were
      randomized into either a primary capsulotomy or a capsule intact group. The
      remaining eyes were not randomized due to intraoperative surgical complications,
      but they were included in the follow-up studies. Six weeks after surgery,
      angiographic CME was documented in 24% of the capsulotomy group and in 16% of the
      capsule intact group. The differences were not statistically significant.
      Including nonrandomized cases reduced the overall incidence of angiographic CME
      and the difference between the two groups. Angiographic CME was usually not
      extensive, and it was associated with a visual acuity less than 20/40 in 2.5% of
      eyes six weeks postoperatively. A subgroup of 120 eyes was followed up for
      approximately six months, when angiographic CME was present in 4% of the
      capsulotomy and capsule intact groups.

PMID- 3369997
TI  - Progression of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy following cataract
      extraction.
AB  - Eight patients experienced progression of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
      following cataract extraction. Six patients underwent an uncomplicated
      extracapsular cataract extraction with placement of a posterior chamber
      intraocular lens, and in two patients, surgery was complicated by vitreous loss.
      In each case the retinopathy progressed to a severe exudative form of diabetic
      macular edema, characterized by diffuse retinal thickening and fluorescein
      leakage with increased dot and blot hemorrhages and lipid deposition. In all
      patients, clinically significant macular edema developed in the eye that had been
      operated on, and six patients received laser photocoagulation for this condition.
      Final visual acuity was worse than preoperative visual acuity in six of eight
      patients, and it was unchanged in two of six patients. No patient achieved a
      visual acuity better than 20/50. The fellow eyes, which were not operated on,
      remained stable during the follow-up period.

PMID- 3369998
TI  - Comparison of the Tono-Pen to the Goldmann applanation tonometer.
AB  - Oculab Tono-Pen tonometry was compared with Goldmann applanation tonometry in 142
      eyes of 71 patients without corneal problems. Overall we found 63% of the Tono
      Pen readings to be within +/- 2 mm Hg of the Goldmann applanation tonometry
      readings and 77% to be within +/- 3 mm Hg, while 4% were within at least +/- 7 mm
      Hg difference. The correlation coefficient between the readings of the two
      instruments was .84. The mean value of the paired differences was 0.81 +/- 3.09
      mm Hg overall, -1.78 +/- 1.86 mm Hg in the 4 to 10 mm Hg interval, 0.07 +/- 2.97
      mm Hg in the 11 to 20 mm Hg interval, 1.27 +/- 2.62 mm Hg in the 21 to 30 mm Hg
      interval, and 4.15 +/- 2.28 mm Hg in the 31 to 45 mm Hg interval. We conclude
      that the Tono-Pen measures intraocular pressure in a manner that corresponds well
      to the Goldmann tonometer in the 11 to 20 mm Hg interval, and fairly well in the
      4 to 10 mm Hg and 21 to 30 mm Hg intervals. It lacks good correspondence in the
      31 to 45 mm Hg interval.

PMID- 3369999
TI  - Prevention of the rise in intraocular pressure following neodymium-YAG posterior
      capsulotomy using topical 1% apraclonidine.
AB  - We studied apraclonidine hydrochloride (aplonidine hydrochloride or ALO 2145), an
      alpha-agonist, for its effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP) rise following
      neodymium-YAG posterior capsulotomy (YPC). In a prospective multicentered double
      masked study, 63 eyes were pretreated with one drop of either 1% apraclonidine
      hydrochloride or placebo one hour before performing YPC and again following the
      laser treatment. The greatest IOP rise in the placebo-treated eyes occurred in
      the third hour after YPC, when the mean (+/- SD) IOP rose from a baseline
      pressure of 16.4 +/- 3.7 to 20.8 +/- 6.8 mm Hg. In apraclonidine-treated eyes,
      the IOP fell from a mean of 15.6 +/- 3.8 to 12.8 +/- 6.0 mm Hg three hours
      postoperatively. There were five times as many eyes that had an IOP rise greater
      than 10 mm Hg in the placebo-treated group compared with those treated with
      apraclonidine. Apraclonidine proved to be highly effective in preventing the rise
      in IOP following YPC.

PMID- 3370001
TI  - Surgical management of premacular fibroplasia.
AB  - The results of pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling for premacular
      fibroplasia (PMF) were reviewed retrospectively for 88 eyes of 86 patients.
      Premacular fibroplasia was idiopathic in 61 eyes (69%) and postdetachment in 27
      eyes (31%). All patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Visual symptoms of
      blurring and metamorphopsia were reduced in 75 (85%) study eyes at the end of the
      follow-up period. Poor visual outcome was significantly related to preoperative
      cystoid macular edema and prolonged duration of visual blurring. Posterior
      retinal breaks occurred in three eyes (5%) with idiopathic PMF and five eyes
      (19%) with postdetachment PMF. Cataract progression was demonstrated in 35 eyes
      (48%) at 12 months of follow-up and 49 eyes (68%) at 24 months of follow-up,
      reflecting an incidence of cataract formation that has not been previously
      reported (to our knowledge) after limited vitrectomy and membrane peeling for
      PMF.

PMID- 3370000
TI  - Vitrectomy for macular pucker. Use after treatment of retinal tears or retinal
      detachment.
AB  - We review our experience and present an analysis of 119 consecutive cases of
      macular pucker treated by vitrectomy and removal of the epiretinal tissue
      following treatment for acute retinal tears (16 eyes) or rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachment (103 eyes). Vision improved postoperatively in 104 (87%) of the 119
      eyes. Final visual acuity of 20/60 or better was achieved in 38 (75%) of 51 cases
      in which the macula had not been detached previously and in 12 (24%) of 52 cases
      with prior macular detachment. Two preoperative factors were associated with a
      final visual acuity of 20/100 or better: (1) macula not involved by the original
      retinal detachment, and (2) thin epiretinal membrane.

PMID- 3370002
TI  - Macular hole following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.
AB  - In each of three phakic eyes, a full-thickness macular hole developed after
      scleral buckling surgery for repair of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
      Presumed predisposing factors included retinal ischemia in the central fovea due
      to separation of the retina from the choroidal vascular supply and vitreomacular
      traction.

PMID- 3370003
TI  - Hospitalization requirements after vitreoretinal surgery.
AB  - Two hundred patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery were prospectively studied
      to determine the postoperative hospitalization requirements and to analyze
      preoperative and intraoperative factors that influence the need for inpatient
      care. Fifty-two percent of the patients had postoperative events that were best
      treated in an inpatient setting. Forty-four patients (22%) had pain requiring
      intramuscular injections five or more hours following surgery, 35 patients (18%)
      had nausea requiring intramuscular medications five or more hours following
      surgery, 30 patients (15%) required physician consultation for medical illness
      five hours or more following surgery, and 41 patients (20%) required more than
      one postoperative day of hospitalization because of ocular abnormalities. We
      concluded that although vitreoretinal surgery can sometimes be performed on an
      ambulatory basis, most cases require hospitalization for optimum care.

PMID- 3370004
TI  - The infant corneal endothelium.
AB  - Specular microscopy of the in vivo corneal endothelium of 48 clinically normal
      eyes of 31 infants less than 1 year old revealed a regular mosaic of small cells.
      The cell population density of individuals varied greatly, as it does in age
      related adults. Reexamination of five eyes indicated a reduction of the cell
      population density during the first year. This change could be accounted for by
      corneal growth in the absence of endothelial mitoses and not necessarily by true
      cell loss. There were morphologic indications of mitoses, but their
      interpretation is open to doubt.

PMID- 3370005
TI  - The Israeli Ocular Injuries Study. A nationwide collaborative study.
AB  - A nationwide study of patients hospitalized for ocular injuries was conducted in
      Israel during the years 1981 through 1983, with the participation of 17
      ophthalmic departments. The study comprised 2276 patients (2416 eyes), 47% of
      whom were children. The male-female ratio was 4.3:1. Bilateral injuries occurred
      in 140 patients, with children sustaining the most severe injuries. Ocular
      injuries occurred most frequently at home, and children at play were most
      vulnerable. Most patients retained good vision, 3.7% lost vision totally, and 2%
      of the eyes had to be enucleated.

PMID- 3370006
TI  - Epidemiological study of eye injuries in Brazilian children.
AB  - A year-long follow-up study of 146 eye injuries in children up to 15 years of age
      was carried out in two emergency hospitals of a southern Brazilian city. These
      injuries represent approximately 65% of the total number of patients seeking
      ophthalmic care at emergency hospitals within this city. Patients were followed
      up for at least four months after injury; visual results as well as
      epidemiological factors were analyzed. Based on these findings, children in the 0
      to 5-year-old group were at greatest risk, regardless of sex; among children
      older than 5 years, eye injuries were more frequent in boys. Generally, the child
      takes part in the accident as an active participant, and adequate adult
      supervision decreases the number of these accidents. Analysis of the relationship
      between socioeconomic levels of the parents and severity of eye injuries revealed
      that severe eye injuries were more frequent in lower socioeconomic strata. In
      severe eye injuries 35.1% of the children ended with visual acuity under 20/200
      in the affected eye, which corresponds to 9% of all studied eye injuries.

PMID- 3370007
TI  - The incidence of eye injuries in New England adults.
AB  - A population-based study examined the incidence of eye injuries among New England
      adults and its association with demographic characteristics and risk-taking
      behaviors. In 3253 random digit-dialed telephone interviews, 26 adults reported
      27 eye injuries during the preceding year, yielding a rate of 9.75 eye injuries
      per 1000 New England adults. Fifty-nine percent of eye injuries occurred at work.
      Men had a risk of eye injuries 5.5 times that of women and there was a steep
      linear decline in eye injury rates with advancing age. Individuals who had other,
      noneye injuries during the preceding year and individuals who had recently driven
      after drinking, used marijuana, received a ticket for a moving violation, or not
      worn seat belts had higher rates of eye injury, but these elevated rates were not
      statistically significant. Educational and preventive efforts to avoid eye
      injuries should be directed toward young males in high-risk occupations.

PMID- 3370008
TI  - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease) of the orbit.
AB  - A 54-year-old man underwent enucleation of the right eye in 1975 for a malignant
      melanoma of the choroid, with placement of an Iowa orbital implant. He presented
      in 1985, with the clinical appearance of a late orbital recurrence of the
      choroidal malignant melanoma. However, histologic examination revealed the
      orbital mass to be angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's
      disease). Only six cases of orbital involvement, proved by pathologic studies,
      have been published in the ophthalmic English literature. This case represented
      an unusual presentation of a rare disorder that involved the orbit and was
      probably related to the orbital implant.

PMID- 3370009
TI  - Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral
      vasculitis.
AB  - Four cases of suspected cerebral vasculitis have been described in association
      with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, but none was
      confirmed histopathologically. We describe a patient who developed fatal cerebral
      vasculitis after placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Histopathologic data revealed a
      focal granulomatous inflammation of medium-sized arteries in the leptomeninges.
      Multinucleated giant cells were a conspicuous part of the inflammatory reaction.
      The cause of both placoid pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral vasculitis remains
      obscure.

PMID- 3370010
TI  - Fluorouracil therapy of intraocular Greene melanoma in the rabbit.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of intraocular and periocular fluorouracil treatment in
      an experimental iris tumor of the rabbit (Greene amelanotic melanoma). Four
      consecutive intravitreal injections of 1 mg of fluorouracil given twice weekly
      completely suppressed tumor growth in all treated eyes for six weeks if treatment
      was initiated 24 hours after tumor implantation. In contrast, all control eyes
      implanted with an equal number of Greene melanoma cells but treated with
      intravitreal saline developed massive tumor invasion of the iris within two
      weeks. Additional subconjunctival therapy following intravitreal therapy for two
      weeks was only slightly more effective than intravitreal therapy alone. If
      therapy was delayed for one week, the iris tumors became macroscopically visible
      and subsequent treatment with intravitreal and subconjunctival fluorouracil was
      of limited value in suppressing growth.

PMID- 3370011
TI  - The effect of fluorouracil on the corneal endothelium.
AB  - The utility of the antiproliferative agent fluorouracil has been demonstrated
      recently in glaucoma-filtering surgery and in the management of proliferative
      vitreoretinopathy after vitrectomy. Because of the potential for contact with the
      corneal endothelium, its toxicity to the endothelium is an important
      consideration. The effect of fluorouracil on corneal endothelial integrity in an
      in vitro animal model was studied. Freshly excised sheep corneal buttons were
      exposed to increasing concentrations of fluorouracil for four hours and were
      subsequently evaluated microscopically using vital staining with alizarin red and
      trypan blue. Exposure to normal saline and chlorhexidine gluconate was used to
      establish negative- and positive-staining controls. Corneal buttons exposed to
      normal saline or to 1.0 mg/mL or less of fluorouracil had intact endothelial
      monolayers that completely excluded trypan blue. Corneal buttons exposed to
      chlorhexidine gluconate or to 10 mg/mL of fluorouracil, however, had severely or
      totally disrupted endothelial monolayers in which the remaining cells, if any,
      all had blue-staining nuclei. These results suggest that the threshold
      concentration for fluorouracil toxicity to corneal endothelium lies between 1 and
      10 mg/mL when exposure time is four hours.

PMID- 3370012
TI  - Effect of diameter and depth on the response to solid polysulfone intracorneal
      lenses in cats.
AB  - Impermeable, solid polysulfone intracorneal lenses (ICLs) can change corneal
      refractive power but will not allow diffusion of nutrients from the aqueous to
      the anterior stroma. Lenses of 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm in diameter were implanted in 50
      cat eyes at depths ranging from 45% to 95% of corneal thickness to determine the
      effect of depth and diameter. Two types of stromal opacities occurred during
      follow-up: peripheral amorphous opacity (100%) and crystalline-granular lipid
      central opacity (79%). No eyes implanted with a 4-mm ICL ulcerated, but
      ulceration occurred in 28% of the eyes overall. Because opacification occurred
      with all lens diameters and implantation depths, metabolic demands of the cornea
      are not met. No safe limit exists at which these ICLs can be predictably used in
      cat eyes.

PMID- 3370014
TI  - Diamond burring and surgical keratectomy. Morphologic comparison in the rabbit.
AB  - We compared the effects of diamond burring keratectomy (DBK) and surgical
      superficial lamellar keratectomy (SLK) on the rabbit corneal epithelial healing
      rate and corneal morphology 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after wounding. Epithelial
      defects healed significantly more slowly following 10-mm-diameter SLK than
      following DBK. Restoration of normal epithelial morphology occurred within two
      weeks in the DBK corneas. During the same interval, SLK corneas showed poor
      transition of basal to superficial cell morphology. Four days after surgery, the
      DBK corneas all exhibited marked keratocyte depletion in the anterior stroma but
      fibrocytes uniformly repopulated this area by 14 days after wounding. Conversely,
      the SLK corneas all had a hypercellular band of fibrocytes in the anterior stroma
      by four days following surgery and continued to increase in cellularity through
      14 days after wounding. These data indicate that DBK is the preferred procedure
      for creation of a recipient bed for epithelial lenticles in keratoepithelioplasty
      and conjunctival transplantation.

PMID- 3370013
TI  - Hyperbaric and transcorneal delivery of oxygen to the rabbit and monkey anterior
      segment.
AB  - When delivered to the corneal surface of rabbits for 30 minutes, 100% oxygen can
      significantly increase the mean (+/- SD) partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the
      aqueous humor (from 63.5 +/- 12.3 mm Hg [n = 12] to 139.5 +/- 32.4 mm Hg [n =
      8]). Similar elevations were seen in monkeys. Under hyperbaric conditions (2 atm)
      for 30 minutes the aqueous PO2 in rabbits breathing room air can be increased to
      295.2 +/- 132.4 mm Hg (n = 7) by exposing the rabbit cornea to 100% oxygen for 30
      minutes. The high PO2 under these hyperbaric conditions is mediated by both
      vascular and transcorneal delivery of oxygen. The increase of PO2 in the rabbit
      aqueous can prevent or reverse sickling of intracameral human erythrocytes
      containing sickle hemoglobin. The exposure of rabbit eyes to 100% oxygen at the
      corneal surface is followed by autoregulation (constriction) of the iris
      vasculature. Transcorneal or vascular delivery of oxygen to the eye under
      normobaric or hyperbaric conditions may possibly benefit patients with hypoxic
      diseases of the anterior segment such as anterior segment necrosis, rubeosis
      iridis, or sickle cell hyphema.

PMID- 3370015
TI  - Selection of controls for clinical research studies in ophthalmology.
AB  - Ophthalmologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need for well-designed,
      controlled studies to investigate etiology and treatment of ocular conditions.
      While patients with the conditions of interest, or with characteristics that
      place them at high risk of eventual development of such conditions, may be
      readily identified in the ophthalmology clinic, identification of appropriate
      controls to be used for comparison may be quite difficult. In this article,
      epidemiologic principles for selection of controls for retrospective (case
      control) and prospective (cohort) studies are reviewed. Two related studies, a
      case-control study in which multiple control groups were employed and a 15-year
      cohort study of all cases and controls, provided an opportunity to compare
      controls selected at random from an ophthalmology practice with controls selected
      at random from the general population. Participation rates were higher among
      office patients selected for study, both in the case-control study and in the
      cohort study. In the cohort study, office controls were more likely to lose
      visual acuity and to develop new degenerative eye conditions. These differences
      between control groups selected from two different sources emphasize the need for
      careful evaluation of potential groups of controls with respect to biases that
      each may bring to interpretation of clinical research findings.

PMID- 3370016
TI  - Multifocal idiopathic serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 3370017
TI  - A new solid-state, frequency-doubled neodymium-YAG photocoagulation system.
AB  - We have developed a solid-state laser system that produces a continuous green
      monochromatic laser beam of 532 nm by doubling the frequency of a neodymium-YAG
      laser wavelength of 1064 nm with a potassium-titamyl-phosphate crystal.
      Photocoagulation burns of equal size and intensity were placed in two rabbit eyes
      with the solid-state laser system and the regular green argon laser system,
      respectively, using the same slit-lamp mode of delivery. Histologic findings of
      lesion sections revealed no important differences between the two systems. In
      theory, the longer wavelength of the solid-state laser offers the advantages of
      less scattering in ocular media, higher absorption by oxyhemoglobin, and less
      absorption by macular xanthophyll than the 514-nm wavelength of the regular green
      argon laser. The solid-state laser has impressive technical advantages: it
      contains no argon-ion gas tube that wears out and is expensive to replace; it is
      much more power efficient, and thus considerably smaller and compact; it is
      sturdier and easily movable; it does not require external cooling; it uses a 220
      V monophasic alternating current; and it requires little maintenance.

PMID- 3370018
TI  - High density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol screening, and myocardial
      infarction. The Framingham Study.
AB  - The relation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the
      development of myocardial infarction was examined in 2425 subjects, aged 50 to 79
      years, who were enrolled in the Framingham Study from 1969 to 1971. After 12
      years of follow-up, men in the bottom three quartiles of HDL-C (less than or
      equal to 52 mg/dl) experienced a 60% to 70% excess of myocardial infarction as
      compared to men whose HDL-C levels were higher (p less than 0.05). The effect of
      HDL-C was especially strong in women. In separate comparisons to the 4th quartile
      of HDL-C (greater than or equal to 67 mg/dl), the risk of myocardial infarction
      increased from a fourfold excess in the adjacent 3rd quartile (56 to 66 mg/dl, p
      less than 0.01) to a nearly sixfold excess in the 1st quartile (less than or
      equal to 46 mg/dl, p less than 0.001). These results persisted after adjusting
      for age and other risk factors. In addition, a significant effect of HDL-C
      remained in subjects who had the lowest concentrations of total cholesterol (less
      than or equal to 192 mg/dl in men and 211 mg/dl in women) in which 29% had levels
      of HDL-C (less than or equal to 36 mg/dl in men and 46 mg/dl in women) that were
      associated with a marked elevation in the incidence of myocardial infarction. We
      conclude that screening for total cholesterol alone in men and women aged 50 and
      older may not adequately identify the coronary candidate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370020
TI  - Effect of moderate exercise on serum lipids in young men with low high density
      lipoprotein cholesterol.
AB  - Fifty-five healthy, sedentary, nonsmoking, and nonobese 24- to 26-year-old men
      who had low plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
      were selected for a study of the effect of short-term exercise on plasma lipid
      and lipoprotein concentrations. The participants were randomized into two groups.
      Of these, 28 were assigned to a 9-week program of submaximal aerobic exercise
      three times weekly, and 27 were assigned to a nonexercising control group.
      Changes in physical fitness were assessed by increments in estimated maximal
      oxygen consumption; this increased by 15% in the exercise group (p less than
      0.001) but remained unchanged in the control group. During the study, body
      weights and skinfold thicknesses of both groups remained essentially unchanged
      after 9 weeks. There was no significant difference between the trial groups in
      total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, calculated low density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, or in the HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions. Triglyceride levels were lower
      by 19 mg/dl in the exercise group as compared to the control group (p less than
      0.05). We conclude that moderate aerobic exercise of 9 weeks duration in the
      absence of weight loss in young males with initially low HDL cholesterol did not
      influence their HDL cholesterol levels.

PMID- 3370019
TI  - Very low density lipoprotein triglyceride metabolism in relatives of
      hypertriglyceridemic probands. Evidence for genetic control of triglyceride
      removal.
AB  - The production and catabolism of very low density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL
      TG) were determined in 11 index patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia and in
      their 70 first-degree relatives. In the probands the mean value for VLDL-TG
      production rate was twice normal, and the mean fractional catabolic rate (FCR)
      was reduced to 50% from normal. A similar kinetic pattern was also observed in
      most hypertriglyceridemic relatives. In the normotriglyceridemic relatives the
      mean values of both kinetic parameters were comparable to those of controls. No
      kinetic differences were observed between families with familial
      hypertriglyceridemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, or genetically
      unclassified hypertriglyceridemia (all diagnosed by lipoprotein phenotypes).
      Thus, no explanation for the phenotypic differences between the two forms of
      familial hyperlipoproteinemia was found in plasma VLDL-TG metabolism. When the
      families were grouped according to the VLDL-TG production rate of the proband,
      there was no significant difference between the VLDL-TG production rates of
      relatives of "overproducer" probands and relatives of the probands with normal
      VLDL-TG production rate. In contrast, relatives of low FCR probands had
      significantly lower mean FCR than the relatives of probands with a normal FCR.
      This difference in FCR was present both in hypertriglyceridemic and
      normotriglyceridemic relatives. These results suggest that the catabolism
      (lipolysis) of VLDL-TG is under genetic control, whereas the VLDL-TG production
      rate is mainly related to obesity. It is likely that hypertriglyceridemia often
      develops on the basis of VLDL overproduction in individuals who have a
      genetically low VLDL triglyceride removal (lipolytic) capacity.

PMID- 3370021
TI  - In vivo transfer of cholesteryl ester from high and low density plasma
      lipoproteins into human aortic tissue.
AB  - For the study of cholesteryl ester transfer from different plasma lipoproteins
      into human aortic tissue, patients scheduled for reconstructive aortic surgery
      were intravenously injected with autologous in vitro labeled lipoproteins 20 to
      24 hours before aortic intima-media samples were obtained during the operation.
      The injectate contained high density lipoproteins (d greater than 1.063) labeled
      with 3H-cholesteryl ester and lipoproteins of lower density (d less than 1.063)
      labeled with 14C-cholesteryl ester or lipoproteins with the opposite labeling. In
      16 aortic tissue samples (some with visible atherosclerosis) from 11
      normocholesterolemic patients, the aortic influx of total cholesteryl ester was 1
      to 50 nmol x cm-2 x day-1. Some 39% +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM) of the influx was
      derived from high density lipoproteins, which in plasma accounted for only 22% +/
      2% (mean +/- SEM) of the esterified cholesterol. The findings suggest that: 1)
      esterified cholesterol from the two lipoprotein fractions in plasma enter the
      aortic intima by the same mechanism, and 2) influx of cholesteryl ester from the
      smaller, high density lipoproteins is greater than influx from the larger, lower
      density lipoproteins considering their concentrations in plasma. In some
      patients, the cholesterol content in the intima-media tissue with no visible
      atherosclerosis corresponded to only a few months of continuous cholesteryl ester
      influx. This time is short considering the age of the patients and, therefore,
      indicates that removal of esterified cholesterol from the intima-media is of
      major importance in preventing cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall.

PMID- 3370022
TI  - Fibronectin stimulates macrophage uptake of low density lipoprotein-heparin
      collagen complexes.
AB  - In this study, we investigated whether fibronectin will enhance macrophage uptake
      of particulate complexes of low density lipoproteins (LDL), heparin, and
      fibrillar collagen and whether fibronectin's opsonic effect could be modulated by
      the heparin component in these model matrices. We isolated a heparin fraction
      (HepFn) based on its affinity to fibronectin. HepFn appeared more charged than
      unfractionated heparin, as evidenced by enhanced electrophoretic mobility and
      ability to effect a cathodic shift in the electrophoretic migration of
      fibronectin. HepFn lacked the smaller molecular weight species present in
      unfractionated heparin. Macrophage endocytosis of LDL-heparin-collagen complexes,
      as evidenced by the intracellular accumulation of LDL-derived cholesteryl esters
      and endogenously synthesized cholesteryl esters, was enhanced by fibronectin.
      When LDL matrix complexes were prepared with HepFn, fibronectin's opsonic
      properties were significantly enhanced. F(ab)2 fragments of anti-fibronectin,
      capable of inhibiting fibronectin's opsonization of gelatin-derivatized latex
      particles, inhibited the fibronectin-dependent stimulation of cholesteryl ester
      synthesis by macrophages exposed to LDL-HepFn-collagen complexes. Thus,
      fibronectin stimulates macrophage endocytosis of LDL matrix complexes. The
      affinity of the constituent glycosaminoglycan for fibronectin is important in the
      regulation of this phenomenon.

PMID- 3370023
TI  - Deferred effects of preweaning diet on atherosclerosis in adolescent baboons.
AB  - We examined the effects of breast and formula feeding during infancy on the serum
      lipoproteins and on atherosclerosis in young adult baboons. Baboons were breast
      fed (n = 13) or formula-fed (n = 32) until weaning at 16 weeks of age and
      thereafter they were fed a diet containing 1.7 mg cholesterol/kcal and 40% of
      calories as lard until 5 years of age. At 12 weeks of age, breast-fed baboons had
      higher serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (HDL-C, 68 vs. 51
      mg/dl), lower serum triglyceride concentration (37 vs. 68 mg/dl), and lower very
      low density plus low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL + LDL-C) to HDL-C
      ratio (0.65 vs. 0.98) than formula-fed infants. From weaning to 92 weeks of age,
      breast-fed baboons had a lower serum triglyceride concentration (23 vs. 38 mg/dl)
      than formula-fed baboons. After weaning, the VLDL + LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased
      from 0.65 to 1.0 in breast-fed baboons, but decreased from 0.98 to 0.72 in
      formula-fed baboons. From 92 to 246 weeks of age, the VLDL + LDL-C/HDL-C ratio
      was consistently higher in breast-fed baboons compared to formula-fed baboons. At
      5 years of age, baboons breast-fed as infants had a greater percentage of intimal
      surface area involved with atherosclerosis in the abdominal aorta, the iliac
      femoral artery, the aortic arch, the brachial artery, and the carotid artery,
      than did those formula-fed as infants. The greater prevalence of lesions in
      breast-fed baboons was explained mainly by the higher VLDL + LDL-C/HDL-C ratio.

PMID- 3370024
TI  - Antiatherogenic effect of olive and corn oils in cholesterol-fed rabbits with the
      same plasma cholesterol levels.
AB  - Two groups of 18 rabbits were fed isocaloric, cholesterol-enriched diets for 8
      weeks. The diet for one group was supplemented with 5% corn oil. The
      concentration of cholesterol in plasma was determined weekly and the amount of
      cholesterol in the diet was adjusted individually so that each rabbit had a mean
      plasma cholesterol concentration of about 45 mM during the experimental period.
      The aortic cholesterol concentrations were 122 +/- 29 and 193 +/- 38 (mean +/-
      SEM) mumol/g protein for the corn-oil group and the control group, respectively
      (p less than 0.05). In a similar experiment, each of 36 rabbits was given a mean
      plasma cholesterol level of about 20 mM over a period of 12 weeks. One-third of
      the rabbits received 10% to 15% corn oil, another third 10% to 15% olive oil,
      while the last third served as a control group. The aortic cholesterol
      concentrations were 98 +/- 25, 57 +/- 9, and 131 +/- 32 mumol/g protein,
      respectively. The value for the olive-oil group was significantly (p less than
      0.01) lower than the value for the control group. The triglyceride concentrations
      and the distributions of cholesterol between HDL, LDL, and VLDL in plasma showed
      no significant differences between the plant-oil groups and their control groups.
      This suggests that plant oils have a direct effect on the aortic cholesterol
      metabolism.

PMID- 3370025
TI  - Evidence for surface entrapment of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in luteinized
      ovary.
AB  - Previous studies showed that perfused 125I-labeled low and high density
      lipoproteins (LDL, HDL) have affinity for specialized microvillar regions of
      luteal cells in hormone-primed, luteinized rat ovaries. In the current report, we
      re-examined the interaction of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins with these
      specialized plasma membrane regions using native lipoproteins visualized as
      discrete particles by standard electron microscopic techniques. In ovaries
      perfused with the various lipoproteins, spherical particles (varying in size from
      12 to 28 nm depending on the particle used) were found over the surfaces of all
      luteal cells and filling up extensive "channel" space formed by the apposed
      plasma membranes of adjacent microvilli or cytoplasmic surfaces. Only 30% of
      these tissue-associated particles were removable after prolonged washing with
      perfused media or heparin. Few intact particles were found inside the cells,
      despite the fact that the lipoproteins induced a substantial hormone response by
      the ovary. To determine the total protein internalized by cells during the course
      of the experiments, parallel biochemical experiments were carried out with
      nonreleasable (14C-sucrose-coupled) human LDL. Of the total bound 14C-sucrose
      LDL, only 8.5% was degraded (trichloroacetic acid-soluble) and presumed
      internalized by the cells. Thus, while large numbers of cholesterol-rich
      lipoprotein particles interact with the luteal cell surface in specialized
      microvillar channels and elicit a progesterone response, relatively few intact
      lipoprotein particles appear to enter the cells to be degraded. We speculate that
      in the luteinized ovary, a large majority of the lipoprotein-cholesterol transfer
      occurs at the surface of the luteal cells, and that the membranes of the
      microvillar channels are involved in this process.

PMID- 3370026
TI  - Effects of flow pulsatility on platelet adhesion to subendothelium.
AB  - Platelet adhesion in the annular perfusion system developed by Baumgartner was
      studied under pulsatile, oscillatory, or steady flow conditions. To investigate
      in what way pulsatile flow affects platelet adhesion, we developed a flow system
      that produces a sinusoidal laminar flow superimposed on a constant component in
      the annular perfusion chamber. Frequencies and amplitudes of this sinusoidal flow
      were in the physiological range. Pulse frequencies varied between 30 and 120
      beats/minute, and different amplitudes of the wall shear rate in the range 75 to
      1000 s-1 were studied. Shear rates resulting from the constant flow component
      were between 500 s-1 and 1800 s-1. Under these conditions, no significant
      differences in platelet adhesion were observed between steady flow and pulsatile
      flow. In the case of an oscillatory flow (absence of constant component), a clear
      dependence of platelet adhesion on the amplitude of the pulse was seen. These
      data indicate that platelet adhesion in larger blood vessels, such as the aorta
      and larger arteries where backflow is limited, is not essentially influenced by
      the pulsatility in these vessels.

PMID- 3370027
TI  - Pseudodementia in schizophrenia and mania.
AB  - The importance of differentiating depressive pseudodementia from true dementia
      seems to be well recognized by psychiatrists, yet there seems less recognition
      that other functional psychoses in the elderly can present with symptoms of
      cognitive impairment. In this report, we describe two patients--one suffering
      from late onset schizophrenia and one from a manic illness--who were diagnosed as
      suffering from dementia in the early stages of their illnesses. We discuss some
      of the difficulties in making diagnoses in these cases which include an
      historical tendency for clinicians, including psychiatrists, to assume an organic
      aetiology for first presentation psychoses in old age. Although the concept of
      pseudodementia has been criticised in recent years, we conclude that it retains
      its clinical utility in that it orientates the clinician to the importance of
      recognizing treatable functional psychoses in the elderly.

PMID- 3370028
TI  - Psychoanalysis today.
AB  - Psychoanalysis as a theory has permeated Western culture in a way that often no
      longer is conscious. Psychoanalysis as a practice has had a more visible and
      stormy progress. A similar fate has befallen behavioural, biological, cognitive
      and social psychology, and it is argued that the attractiveness of reductionism
      acts to prevent critical appraisal of psychoanalysis and of the other paradigms.

PMID- 3370030
TI  - Post traumatic stress disorder in Japanese prisoners of war.

PMID- 3370029
TI  - Psychoanalysis and scientific methods: no need for despondency.

PMID- 3370031
TI  - Stress and coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3370033
TI  - Lessons from the insulin story.

PMID- 3370034
TI  - Is suicide predictable?

PMID- 3370032
TI  - The gravely inadequate definition of a "mentally ill person" in the Mental Health
      Act (New South Wales) 1983.
AB  - The definition, given in Section 5 of the new Act, of a "mentally ill person" is
      examined. It is argued that this "definition" is cumbersome, logically
      incoherent, and impractical. It is predicted that if given effect it will have
      very unwelcome consequences. Various sources of inherent misunderstanding and
      uncertainty are noted. Arguments are presented for allowing severe mental illness
      itself rather than its consequences to be the ground for involuntary
      hospitalization in certain circumstances. Various suggestions are proposed for
      the Section's amendment. These fall into two categories, depending upon
      alternative assumptions: (1) minor improvements, upon the pessimistic assumption
      that the main structure and content of the definition will be retained; (2) more
      radical amendment, involving the abandonment of the entire present structure of
      the section, and the adoption of a working definition of "mental illness" with
      clear safeguards against error and abuse. The nature and requirements of such a
      definition are discussed.

PMID- 3370035
TI  - Procrustean advocacy?

PMID- 3370036
TI  - Limitations on the use of scales in psychiatric research.
AB  - This paper discusses some issues involved in the construction and interpretation
      of scales in psychiatric research. The issues covered include scale construction,
      measures of scale homogeneity, the logic of factor analysis and the
      interpretation of effects manifesting in scale-data, especially interaction
      effects. The aim of the paper is to "de-mystify" some of the psychometric
      techniques commonly available, and to emphasize that their appropriate use
      depends on both a firm understanding of the content area to which they are
      applied and a rudimentary knowledge of what the methods purport to do.

PMID- 3370037
TI  - Hormonal status and fluid electrolyte metabolism in motion sickness.
AB  - In the first experimental series, 10 healthy male test subjects with a high
      susceptibility to motion sickness showed a significant increase of ACTH,
      cortisol, STH, prolactin, ADH, aldosterone concentrations, and plasma renin
      activity after vestibular tests. The 10 subjects with a moderate susceptibility
      exhibited a still higher increase of the hormones, except plasma renin. The 8
      test subjects with a low susceptibility displayed a considerable increase in
      ACTH, cortisol, and STH after vestibular stimulation. In the second experimental
      series, the increase of STH, cortisol, ADH, aldosterone and renin occurred
      immediately after rotation in the moderate susceptibility subjects and an hour
      after exposure in the high susceptibility subjects. This may be indicative of
      specific immediate adaptation mechanisms or excitation transfer in the CNS in
      high susceptibility persons. In the third experimental animal series, the
      permeability of the blood-brain barrier for 125I and IgG increased after
      rotation. Greater concentrations of potassium, chloride, and urea in CSF are
      suggestive of an inhibition process activation in the CNS and, probably, of an
      active urea transport by the vascular plexus epithelium which maintains constant
      osmotic pressure of cerebral extracellular fluid and prevents hyper-hydration of
      CNS neurons.

PMID- 3370038
TI  - Effect of antiorthostatic bed rest on hepatic blood flow in man.
AB  - Physiological changes that occur during exposure to weightlessness may induce
      alterations in blood flow to the liver. Estimation of hepatic blood flow (HBF)
      using ground-based weightlessness simulation models may provide insight into
      functional changes of the liver in crewmembers during flight. In the present
      study HBF, indirectly estimated by indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, is compared
      in 10 subjects during the normal ambulatory condition and antiorthostatic (-6
      degrees) bed rest. Plasma clearance of ICG was determined following intravenous
      administration of a 0.5-mg.kg-1 dose of ICG to each subject on two separate
      occasions, once after being seated for 1 h and once after 24 h of head-down bed
      rest. After 24 h of head-down bed rest, hepatic blood flow did not change
      significantly from the respective control value.

PMID- 3370039
TI  - Observations on pilot neurosensory control performance during saccadic eye
      movements.
AB  - Saccadic eye movement system performance was investigated to determine whether
      neurosensory and motor system function is improved by training. There were 2
      populations studied--12 Air National Guard pilots, individuals with extensive
      visual training, and 12 nonpilots. Each subject executed 54 saccadic eye
      movements while tracking an LED target which moved at random from one location to
      another. The target display consisted of nine small LED's, each separated by 5
      degrees. The ordering of the target movements, as well as the time interval
      between target movements, were randomized. Horizontal saccadic eye movements were
      recorded from infrared signals reflected from the anterior surface of the cornea.
      Signals for bilateral tracking were digitized using an analog-to-digital
      converter and stored in the hard disk of an IBM/XT. Results using advanced
      digital processing techniques indicate no significant differences in neurosensory
      and motor system function during saccadic eye movements between the two
      populations. A time-optimal central nervous system control mechanism is described
      which cannot be improved upon by training or exercise.

PMID- 3370040
TI  - Vertical displacement threshold sensitivity along the horizontal meridian as a
      function of stimulus rate, duration, and length.
AB  - Vertical displacement thresholds (DT) were quantified in 24 observers at the
      fovea and each of 8 retinal positions out to 80 degrees along the horizontal
      meridian during binocular viewing. Stimulus length was increased with
      eccentricity angle in accordance with the cortical magnification factor (21); a 1
      degree arc long stimulus served as a control at each position. Three movement
      durations (from 0.25 to 4 s) and three angular rates (from 0.04 to 0.42 degrees
      arc.s-1) were also quantified at each position to determine whether peripheral DT
      is mediated predominantly by an image displacement- or rate-sensitive mechanism.
      It was found that 1) DT is mediated predominantly by a constant rate-sensitive
      mechanism at each position when stimulus length is increased in proportion to the
      cortical magnification factor; 2) mean percent correct displacement judgments
      decrease significantly into the periphery for both stimulus lengths, however,
      increasing stimulus length yields significantly higher accuracy; and 3) at 10 and
      30 degrees eccentricity, increasing rate and duration significantly improve
      displacement judgment accuracy, but beyond 40 degrees only lengthening the
      stimulus improves accuracy. The findings are related to the design optimization
      of dynamic attitude displays and symbology for aircraft.

PMID- 3370041
TI  - Cardiovascular response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) following
      endurance training.
AB  - Eleven sedentary male volunteers were assigned to either an exercise (E) group (n
      = 6; endurance exercise for 12 weeks) or a control (C) group (n = 5; no
      exercise). After training, E significantly increased (p less than 0.01) their
      VO2max (pretraining: 37.0 +/- 2.3; posttraining: 44.6 +/- 2.5), whereas C showed
      no significant change. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP) and forearm
      blood flow (FBF) were measured both pre- and posttraining at rest and during 2
      levels of LBNP: -10 mm Hg and -40 mm Hg. Both C and E had similar decreases in
      systolic BP and similar increases in HR and diastolic BP during LBNP when
      comparing the pre- and posttraining periods. In both groups, FBF significantly
      decreased during -40 mm Hg of LBNP in the pretraining period. However, after
      training, E had a significantly attenuated (p less than 0.05) decrease in FBF at 
      40 mm Hg (pretraining: -45.0 +/- 3.7%; posttraining: -29.8 +/- 3.1%). In C, there
      was no difference in the response of FBF to -40 mm Hg of LBNP comparing
      pretraining and posttraining. These findings indicate that endurance exercise
      training decreases the forearm vasoconstrictor response to high levels of LBNP.

PMID- 3370043
TI  - The effects of excess body fat on fine motor performance following physical
      exertion.
AB  - This study evaluated the effects of excess body fat on fine motor performance
      prior to and following moderate and heavy intensities of physical exertion. An
      attempt was made to demonstrate a reduction in psychomotor performance,
      postexercise, among obese non-fit subjects who might be seen as occupationally
      unsuitable for certain military or civilian operational roles. One hundred
      healthy males (mean age +/- S.D. = 29.1 +/- 6.0 years) volunteered for the study.
      Motor performance was assessed using the Canadian National Research Council
      tracometer, a device which integrates choice reaction time and pursuit tracking
      on a step-input subject-paced pursuit tracking task. These measurements were
      taken prior to and following moderate and heavy treadmill exercise (at 6 METs and
      9 METs, which produced (mean +/- S.D.) heart rates of 130 +/- 15 bpm and 173 +/-
      17 bpm, respectively). When the subjects were classified according to % body fat
      (desirable less than or equal to 14.9%; overfat 15-24.9%; obese greater than or
      equal to 25%), there were no significant differences in postexercise motor
      performance among these groups. For all groups, the moderate exercise had no
      effect on tracometer performance, while heavy exercise led to an immediate
      deterioration in performance followed by a slight improvement. In this particular
      experimental protocol, postexercise fine motor performance was not significantly
      influenced by excess body fat.

PMID- 3370042
TI  - Exercise responses after short- and long-term residence at 2,200 meters.
AB  - Submaximal and maximal exercise responses were examined in persons (age, 19-30
      years) residing at a moderate altitude for different periods of time. Long-term
      residents (LTR; 44 males, 11 females) had lived continuously between 1,830 and
      2,200 m for 2 years or longer before testing. Short-term residents (STR; 22
      males, 30 females), previously lowlanders, arrived at 2,200 m within 10 to 21
      days before testing. Incremented tests on a motor-driven treadmill were performed
      until voluntary exhaustion. Cardiorespiratory measures and ratings of perceived
      exertion (RPE) were examined at 60% and 100% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
      With the exception of minute ventilation (VE), which was higher (p less than
      0.05) in STR females, maximal responses were comparable in STR and LTR females.
      All maximal responses were similar in STR and LTR males. Both VE and RPE at 60%
      VO2max were significantly higher in STR males and females than in their LTR
      counterparts. Plasma lipid responses to the maximal exercise may indicate a
      greater contribution of the triglyceride pool of adipose tissue to fatty acid
      mobilization during exercise in the LTR compared to STR male subjects.

PMID- 3370044
TI  - Heat exchange during encapsulation in a chemical warfare agent protective patient
      wrap in four hot environments.
AB  - Tolerable encapsulation time in a Chemical Warfare Agent Protective Patient Wrap
      (dry insulative value = 1.44 clo; permeability index = 0.25) was determined in
      four hot environments including a simulated solar heat load (1152 W.m-2) for
      eight males. Mean body temperature (Tb), evaporative heat loss (EHL), dry heat
      gain (R + C), metabolic rate (M), and net heat flow (Msk) were measured or
      calculated from the heat balance equation. The ambient temperature (Ta) ranged
      from 54.7 degrees C (I) to 35.7 degrees C (IV) and the relative humidity ranged
      from 17% (I) to 63% (IV). EHL ranged from 173.5 W.m-2 (IV) to 277.8 W.m-2 (I) at
      min 30 of encapsulation. R + C ranged from -129 W.m-2 (IV) to -230 W.m-2 (I) at
      that time and Tb averaged 37.6(+/- 0.3) degrees C (IV) and 38.1(+/- 0.2) degrees
      C (I). The average time of encapsulation ranged from 61.8(+/- 0.2) degrees C (I).
      The average time of encapsulation ranged from 61.8(+/- 13.2) min (IV) to 38.4(+/-
      5.0) min (I). A multiple linear regression equation to predict tolerable
      encapsulation was developed. These data show that tolerable encapsulation is
      severely limited in hot environments which have a marked solar heat load. A
      preliminary study (n = 2) indicated that encapsulation time in 54.7 degrees
      C/17%rh could be extended by some 23 min by covering the WRAP with wetted towels,
      thereby decreasing body heat storage by enhancing EHL from the surface of the
      WRAP.

PMID- 3370045
TI  - Neck injury sustained during exposure to high-G forces in the F16B.
AB  - Neck pain is a frequent complaint among aviators flying high performance fighter
      (HPF) aircraft. However, very few--if any--cases of subjective symptoms have been
      confirmed by objective methods and reported in the literature. The present paper
      relates an incident of documented injury of the cervical spine which occurred
      during an abrupt and violent maneouver in the F16B. The rear seat occupant, a
      flight surgeon, who had just handed over controls to the instructor flying from
      the front seat, was caught unaware. He suffered a ligament injury C5-6 and a
      sliding of the C6 relative to the C5. It is concluded: 1) The accelerative forces
      in HPF aircraft can cause serious injury to the cervical spine and its supporting
      structures in the neck. 2) Aircrew not engaged in the flying task may be at risk
      if left ignorant of pilots' intentions. 3) Lightweight helmets reduce the medical
      hazards imposed upon aviators in the high-G environment. 4) Specific exercises
      aimed at strengthening the neck muscles are encouraged.

PMID- 3370046
TI  - USAF take-off and landing ejections, 1973-85.
AB  - Ejection on or near the ground appears potentially injurious, especially since
      the survival rate decreases as altitude of ejection decreases. Ejection data from
      1973 through 1985 were reviewed to analyze whether ground-level take-off and
      landing ejections posed an increased risk of injury or death. This review
      included only ejections clearly requiring a decision between ground egress and
      ejection. There were 15 aircraft with 25 crewmembers identified; 22 of them had
      ejected. Ejection systems performed as designed 91% of the time. Three
      crewmembers were killed during ejection, yielding a survival rate of 86%. Four
      ejectees suffered spinal compression fractures from ejection force. Two of these
      also fractured other vertebrae during the parachute landing fall, for a major
      injury rate of 21%. In only 33% was ground egress probable. Survival and injury
      rates for ejection on the ground did not differ significantly from those above
      500 ft (p less than 0.05). Ejection during take-off and landing phases is as safe
      as ejection above 500 ft. safer than other ejections below 500 ft, and does not
      result in excess injury rates. Ejection systems are sometimes damaged by impact
      or fire. In the emergencies considered, ejection offered greatly increased
      chances for survival over ground egress.

PMID- 3370047
TI  - Food irradiation and airline catering.
AB  - Food poisoning from contaminated airline food can produce serious consequences
      for airline crew and passengers and can hazard flight. While irradiation of
      certain foodstuffs has been practised in a number of countries for some years,
      application of the process has not been made to complete meals. This paper
      considers the advantages, technical considerations, costs and possible
      application to airline meals. In addition, the need to educate the public in the
      advantages of the process in the wake of incidents such as Chernobyl is
      discussed.

PMID- 3370049
TI  - A new technique for iliac crest biopsy in rhesus monkeys for use in
      weightlessness experiments: some results of ground studies.
AB  - The similarity of major physiological functions between man and monkey make non
      human primates a suitable model, especially for experiments in weightlessness.
      Bone tissue of rhesus monkeys can easily be analysed by histological techniques
      in order to appreciate the effects of hypogravity upon the skeletal system. A
      technique for iliac crest biopsy has been developed in a laboratory. It is to be
      used on rhesus monkeys used in various experimental situations, and especially
      after exposure to the space environment.

PMID- 3370048
TI  - Intramuscular and intravenous atropine: comparison of effects in the heat
      stressed rat.
AB  - In our rat model of human heat injury we have administered atropine intravenously
      (iv); for clinical use in man, administration is by either the intramuscular (im)
      or iv route. In order to determine potential differences due to route of
      administration, we compared the dose-response effects of im and iv administration
      in rats. Adult male rats (500 g) were heat-stressed (41.5 degrees C) while
      unrestrained which enabled them to thermoregulate by saliva spreading activity.
      We quantitated the effects of im or iv atropine (10-4000 micrograms.kg-1) on the
      following variables: heating rate (rate of rise of core temperature), % weight
      loss (saliva production), and fecal loss (intestinal motility). Further, we
      examined the effects of atropine on pupil dilation in restrained rats at 26
      degrees C. Heating rate was identical for both routes of atropine administration
      at 200 micrograms.kg-1 (equivalent to the standard 2-mg dosage in man), but the
      range of doses over which there was a dose-response effect on heating rate with
      iv administration (10-1000 micrograms.kg-1) was markedly truncated with the im
      route (10-50 micrograms.kg-1). Both im and iv atropine had similar effects on
      weight loss rate and mydriasis. The iv route is preferred because that route
      produced the most consistent results and the most sensitive physiological
      response (heating rate) is affected over a wider dose range.

PMID- 3370050
TI  - Health promotion: a perspective.
AB  - Although absolute proofs are sometimes lacking, advocates of health promotion
      tout physical fitness, proper nutrition, abstinence from smoking, and lower blood
      lipid levels, among others, as essential for a longer, healthier life. USAF
      implemented a Coronary Artery Risk Evaluation Program (CARE) several years ago
      and is now considering expanding it in scope in order to provide its
      beneficiaries with a comprehensive health promotion program. Although
      noncompliance, as well as philosophical/ethical issues, appears at times to be an
      obstacle, physicians should not be discouraged nor deterred.

PMID- 3370051
TI  - The effect of jet engine harmonics on conscious and subconscious repetitive
      recall of music.

PMID- 3370052
TI  - Triazolam-induced sleep for jet-lag prevention.

PMID- 3370053
TI  - [The conservation of whole blood of dogs for transfusion purposes in CPDA-I
      stabilizer-coated PVC bags--effect of storage on the preservation of plasmatic
      coagulation factors].

PMID- 3370054
TI  - [Sensitivity analysis of several parameters of the climate of stables].

PMID- 3370055
TI  - [In vivo and in vitro effect of a "biological immunomodulator"].

PMID- 3370056
TI  - [An air gun projectile in the urethra of a dog].

PMID- 3370057
TI  - Torasemide. Perspectives of a new diuretic.

PMID- 3370058
TI  - Chemistry and pharmacological properties of the pyridine-3-sulfonylurea
      derivative torasemide.
AB  - Out of a series of pyridine-3-sulfonylureas with diuretic activity torasemide (1
      isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) has been proved
      to be one of the most active derivatives. In the rat, urinary volume and
      electrolyte excretions increased linearily with the logarithm of the dose, thus
      resembling the profile of a high ceiling diuretic. Experiments by oral and
      intravenous routes indicated that torasemide was equally potent both by oral and
      parenteral administration. Compared to furosemide, torasemide was 9-40 times more
      potent on weight basis in the rat. For the same natriuretic effect, however,
      potassium losses with torasemide were significantly less than with furosemide.
      The diuretic effect of torasemide lasted longer compared to that of furosemide.
      In accordance with the pharmacodynamic characteristics plasma elimination half
      life of torasemide was about 1.5 h in the rat and bioavailability was nearly
      complete. Torasemide was 98-99% bound to plasma proteins. No in vitro interaction
      was found with the cumarine derivative warfarin.

PMID- 3370060
TI  - Quantitative assessment of torasemide ototoxicity.
AB  - Torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea),
      a new loop diuretic, was quantitatively tested for ototoxicity in cats. The toxic
      dose that causes a defined hearing loss in 50% of the animals (TD50) was
      determined. TD50 was calculated as 20.8 mg/kg. This is slightly but not
      significantly above the value for furosemide (18.37 mg/kg). Hearing function
      tended to recover after the acute effect. The main metabolite in man (1-isopropyl
      3-([(3-carboxy-anilino)-3-pyridyl]sulfonyl)urea, M5) showed no ototoxic action
      even in excessive doses. To ensure complete recovery, hearing function was tested
      in animals pretreated with torasemide in doses higher than TD50. There was no
      indication for permanent hearing impairment in these pretreated animals.

PMID- 3370059
TI  - Inhibition of active NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of
      Henle by torasemide.
AB  - The new diuretic torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3
      sulfonyl)urea) was tested in isolated in vitro perfused cortical thick ascending
      limbs of Henle loops of rabbit kidney. The equivalent short circuit current (Isc)
      corresponding in this nephron segment to the rate of secondarily active Cl
      reabsorption was measured continuously. Torasemide led to a rapid and reversible
      inhibition of Isc when added to the luminal perfusate. The IC50 for this effect
      was 3 x 10(-7) mol/l. A similar effect was also exerted by torasemide addition to
      the peritubular bath. However, 100 times larger doses were needed. The data are
      compatible with the view that torasemide interacts with both, the Na+2Cl-K+
      carrier, localized in the luminal membrane, and, at higher concentrations, with
      the chloride channels present in the basolateral membrane of this nephron
      segment. Under normal conditions, and in the intact kidney, the former effect,
      i.e. interference with the Na+2Cl-K+ carrier will be the dominant action of this
      drug.

PMID- 3370061
TI  - Dose-response curve for torasemide in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The safety and diuretic activity of torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl
      phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) were investigated in a phase I single
      blind clinical study. After a pretreatment control day on placebo, a single dose
      of torasemide was administered orally according to an escalating dosage of 2.5,
      5, 10 and 20 mg, respectively, in 4 groups of 3 healthy young male volunteers,
      after an overnight fast and 1 h before breakfast. The peak stimulatory effect on
      urinary volume was observed within 1 to 2 h and was followed by a gradual decline
      at the 3rd or 4th h back to or even slightly below the corresponding control
      values. Thus, the duration of action averaged 3-4 h and only moderate rebound
      effects were detected. This time-related diuretic activity perfectly fitted with
      the pharmacokinetics data since torasemide plasma levels peaked at the 1st h
      after drug administration and thereafter rapidly fell to less than 10% of the
      maximal plasma concentrations after the 4th h. While 2.5 mg torasemide showed
      only minor diuretic action, urinary volume and urinary excretion of sodium,
      chloride and calcium increased linearly with the logarithm of the dose during the
      first 4 h as well as during the whole 24 h period with 5, 10 and 20 mg
      torasemide. Conversely, the urinary density and osmolality fell progressively as
      the dose of torasemide increased. There was a trend towards a moderate decrease
      in urinary excretion of uric acid which seemed independent of the dose given.
      Finally, only minimal potassium urinary losses were observed without clear
      tendency towards an increase with increasing drug doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370062
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide and
      furosemide in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The pharmacodynamic effects and the pharmacokinetic parameters of torasemide (1
      isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) 20 mg and
      furosemide 40 mg were compared after oral and intravenous administration in 6
      healthy volunteers. The plasma elimination half-life for i.v. and oral torasemide
      was 2.2 h and 2.8 h, its bioavailability after oral administration was 91%, about
      25% of the total body clearance was due to renal excretion both after iv. or oral
      application. For furosemide, a plasma elimination half-life of 0.6 h for i.v. and
      0.8 h for oral application was found. The bioavailability was 40%, and about 62%
      of the drug was excreted via the kidney. Both drugs produced a similar diuretic
      and natriuretic effect. However, torasemide showed an increased duration of
      action compared to furosemide and a higher relation between urinary Na and K
      excretion, both after i.v. and oral administration, suggesting less loss of
      potassium after To. Both agents were well tolerated.

PMID- 3370063
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of torasemide in man.
AB  - Torasemide (1-isopropyl-3-([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3- sulfonyl)urea)
      is a potent new loop diuretic. The pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and
      metabolic disposition of torasemide have been studied after administration of a
      standard-release tablet to healthy volunteers. According to a latin square design
      9 subjects received in random order single doses of either 20 mg i.v. over 1 h or
      20 or 40 mg p.o. On each of the three occasions, torasemide and its metabolites
      were analysed in plasma and urine up to 24 h. From the results of urinary
      excretion and plasma AUC, the availability of torasemide from the tablet was 80%
      to 90%, i.e. nearly complete. The kinetics were linear with dose. The time of
      peak was reached at 1 h, the elimination half-life varied from 3 h to 4 h. None
      of the metabolites M1, M3 or M5 found in plasma exhibited a longer half-life.
      Only a quarter of the low systemic clearance of torasemide (41 ml/min) was
      accounted for by renal clearance. The distribution volume of 15.5 l was in the
      order of the extracellular fluid volume. The total amount of torasemide and
      metabolites recovered in urine was 83%, i.e. 25% torasemide, 11% M1, 3% M3 (both
      active), and 44% M5 (inactive). Therefore, M1 and M3 probably contribute to the
      diuretic action of torasemide. Since the renal clearances of the metabolites
      exceeded that of the parent drug, renal impairment may change their elimination
      kinetics.

PMID- 3370064
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of torasemide in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The acute and chronic effects of torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl
      phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) were investigated in 2 separate groups of
      healthy volunteers: 1. In a first group of 6 volunteers, the acute effects of
      torasemide were investigated at 3 different steady state plasma and urinary drug
      levels and compared to those of furosemide according to a randomized cross-over
      design. Each drug was continuously given by i.v. route in 3 consecutive periods
      of 90 min immediately after a control run-in period of 90 min. The last 30 min
      period of each control and 3 drug administration periods fulfilled the steady
      state conditions and were used for clearance determinations and plasma and
      urinary concentrations of drug. The plasma levels of both torasemide and
      furosemide increased progressively at increasing plateaus during each of the 3
      drug periods with no significant difference between each of the 2 drugs. However,
      the urinary drug excretions were 5 times lower with torasemide than with
      furosemide. In spite of these highly different urinary drug concentrations,
      torasemide and furosemide induced a similar increase of the water excretion,
      osmolar and creatinine clearances and absolute and fractional excretions of
      sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium. The correlation between the
      logarithm of the drug doses and the urinary effects were highly significant with
      both drugs. Free water clearance was stable throughout the torasemide
      administration, whereas it increased steadily with each dose of furosemide. The
      fractional distal chloride reabsorption decreased significantly more with
      torasemide than with furosemide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370065
TI  - Assessment of intracellular sodium and calcium in essential hypertension during
      diuretic treatment.
AB  - In 87 essential hypertensive patients, torasemide (1- isopropyl-3-([4-(3-methyl
      phenylalmino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea), a new long-acting high-ceiling diuretic,
      was applied for 6 months in order to assess its effects on blood pressure and
      intracellular electrolytes. In a randomized trial 42 patients received 2.5 mg and
      45 patients 5 mg torasemide once daily. In all patients, diastolic blood pressure
      was greater than 100 mm Hg before treatment. Blood pressure normalisation
      (diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg) was observed in 21
      out of 42 patients receiving 2.5 mg torasemide daily and in 26 out of 42 patients
      with 5 mg torasemide throughout the study. In both groups doubling of the dosage
      was performed in these patients who had an insufficient blood pressure control
      after 4 weeks. In the majority of these non-responders blood pressure
      normalisation was achieved during the higher dosages. In the total group of
      patients there was an elevation of the intracellular sodium and a decrease of the
      intracellular calcium, measured with the ion-selective electrode in red blood
      cells. It could be shown that the decrease in blood pressure induced by
      torasemide was accompanied by a decrease of intracellular Ca2+, thus supporting
      the hypothesis that intracellular free Ca2+ is an important regulator of vascular
      tone in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3370066
TI  - Formal comparison of the antihypertensive effects of torasemide and other
      diuretics by the Montevideo mathematical model.
AB  - A formal comparison is carried out of the antihypertensive effect of torasemide
      (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methylphenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) and various
      other diuretics used as monotherapy. The analyzed data are the results of various
      independent studies. The time (t) courses of the mean values of supine or sitting
      systolic (S) and diastolic (D) arterial blood pressure (P) during treatment are
      analyzed by fitting the "Montevideo mathematical model", described here, to the
      clinical (experimental) data. Clinically-important values of P and t evaluated
      from the fitted functions permit the formal comparisons. Decays in P were
      evaluated by the reductions in SP and DP occurred at 1.17 and 7.54 weeks of
      treatment, by the times at which the fitted functions showed diminutions of 10,
      15 and 20 mmHg and of 10%, 15% and 20% with respect to pretreatment SP and DP
      mean values, and by the time at which DP attained a value of 90 mmHg. In studies
      in which the pretreatment mean value of DP ranged between 105.6 and 110.5 mmHg,
      standard-dose indapamide (2.5 to 5 mg/d), and low-dose torasemide (2.5 to 5 mg/d)
      elicited similar decays in SP and DP; the antihypertensive effects of etozoline
      (200 to 400 mg/d) and of hydrochlorothiazide (25 to 50 mg/d) were slower than
      those of torasemide and indapamide. Cyclothiazide (5 mg/d) and a coprescribed
      sodium-restricted diet reduced DP, from a pretreatment mean value of 114 mmHg,
      slower than torasemide and indapamide but quicker than etozoline and
      hydrochlorothiazide. Torasemide and indapamide should be consequently preferred
      for the chronic treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension in terms of
      efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370067
TI  - Effects of the new calcium antagonist 2-nitratopropyl 3-nitratopropyl 2,6
      dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate on cerebral
      circulation in cats.
AB  - Effects of CD-349 (2-nitratopropyl 3-nitratopropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)
      1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) on cerebral circulation were studied in 10
      cats. The cats were fixed in a stereotactic head-holder, and two burr holes were
      made at 3-mm intervals over the left parietal cortex. Through one cranial window,
      the pial artery and vein diameters were measured continuously by a newly
      developed videocamera system in conjunction with a width analyzer, and the other
      one was used for measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV). The pial artery (141
      +/- 14 micron) was dilated by 16.6 +/- 4.9% (p less than 0.01) 1 min and 24.8 +/-
      5.1% (p less than 0.01) 5 min after the CD-349 injection. The pial vein (101 +/-
      20 micron) was also dilated with the percent increase of the diameter being 11.4
      +/- 4.0% (p less than 0.01) 1 min and 11.3 +/- 4.9% (p less than 0.05) 5 min
      after the CD-349 administration. The CBV was also increased. The mean arterial
      blood pressure was decreased by 39.8 +/- 7.3 mmHg (p less than 0.01) 1 min and
      34.4 +/- 5.5 mmHg (p less than 0.01) 5 min after drug injection. Thereafter, the
      blood pressure gradually returned to the pre-drug level. Form these results it is
      suggested that CD-349 exerts direct vasodilatory action via inhibition of calcium
      influx across vascular cell membranes into cerebral vessels.

PMID- 3370068
TI  - Myocardial salvage by a novel thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor in a canine
      coronary occlusion-reperfusion model.
AB  - The effects of the new thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor sodium 6-(2-[1
      (1H)-imidazolyl]methyl-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophene)carboxylate (RS-5186), 10
      mg/kg i.v., on infarct size, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) infiltration,
      gross myocardial hemorrhage and ventricular arrhythmias were studied using a
      canine coronary occlusion (2 h)-reperfusion (5 h) model. Infarct size (IS) and
      risk area (RA) were determined by a dual staining technique. 60 min before
      coronary occlusion dogs were randomly assigned to either the RS-5186 treated
      group (n = 11) or the control group (n = 15). RS-5186 reduced infarct size (RS
      5186: 26.3 +/- 2.4% of RA (mean +/- SEM) vs control: 50.7 +/- 5.9%, p less than
      0.01), and also reduced the area of gross myocardial hemorrhage (RS-5186: 3.9 +/-
      2.6% of IS vs control: 22.4 +/- 4.0%, p less than 0.01). The drug also decreased
      the intensity of PMNs infiltration into the infarcted area (p less than 0.05).
      However, RS-5186 had no significant influence on the incidence of ventricular
      arrhythmias. These results suggest that the new thromboxane A2 synthetase
      inhibitor RS-5186 might be useful in salvaging ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 3370069
TI  - Effect of a novel thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor on ischemia-induced
      mitochondrial dysfunction in canine hearts.
AB  - This study was designed to determine the effect of sodium 6-(2-[1-(1H)
      imidazolyl]methyl-4,5-dihydrobenzo[b] thiophene)carboxylate (RS-5186), a new
      thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor, on mitochondrial function and
      lysosomal integrity in ischemic myocardium. 17 anesthetized mongrel dogs were
      divided into 2 groups. In the control group (n = 11), the left anterior
      descending arteries (LAD) of the dogs were occluded for 2 h and physiological
      saline was infused until the end of the experiment. In the RS-5186 treated group
      (n = 6), 25 min prior to LAD occlusion, RS-5186, 10 mg/kg, was injected for 10
      min. 2 h after occlusion, mitochondria were prepared from both ischemic and non
      ischemic areas, which were confirmed by Evans' blue dye, and mitochondrial
      function (respiratory control index: RCI, and the rate of oxygen consumption in
      state III respiration: St.III O2) was measured polarographically with succinate
      as substrate. Fractionation of myocardial tissue from both ischemic and non
      ischemic areas was also performed, and the activities of lysosomal enzymes (N
      acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase: NAG, beta-glucuronidase: beta-gluc) of each fraction
      were measured. 2-h LAD occlusion induced a significant greater decrease in
      mitochondrial function from the ischemic area of the control group (RCI: 2.80 +/-
      0.45, St.III O2: 133.5 +/- 35.6 natoms/mg protein/min) compared with those from
      the non-ischemic area (RCI: 4.49 +/- 0.46, St.III O2: 344.0 +/- 31.9).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370070
TI  - Electrophysiological characterization of the class III activity of sotalol and
      its enantiomers. New interpretation of use-dependent effects.
AB  - 1. Sotalol (Sotalex) and both its optical isomers were studied in
      electrophysiological experiments with respect to their class III activity of
      antiarrhythmic drugs. The three substances prolonged action potentials (AP) of
      guinea-pig papillary muscle and left atrium in concentrations greater than or
      equal to 3 mumol/l, whereas other AP parameters (resting potential, amplitude and
      upstroke velocity) remained unchanged. Similar results were observed if papillary
      muscles were partially depolarized by elevating the extracellular potassium
      concentration from 4.7 mmol/l to 10-12 mmol/l. 2. The effects of sotalol showed
      marked frequency dependence (0.017-2 Hz): At slow driving rates sotalol brought
      about an enhanced AP prolongation as measured by APD30 and APD90. 3. The results
      were compatible with numerical AP simulation studies on the basis of the
      assumption that sotalol inhibits time-dependent K-outward current. This leads to
      the consequence that longer control APs (at low driving rates) are prolonged more
      effectively by sotalol than shorter ones (at high driving rates). 4. Sotalol
      effects dynamically followed APD changes due to alterations of driving rate: If
      APD was decreased under increasing driving frequencies, AP prolongation was
      diminished. 5. Paired pulse experiments showed that class III activity of sotalol
      was preserved in premature or delayed single action potentials.

PMID- 3370071
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of an active cadralazine metabolite in plasma and blood vessels
      of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The plasma and blood vessel (aorta and mesenteric artery) levels of (+/-)-6
      [ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-hydrazinopyridazine (ISF-2405), an active
      metabolite of cadralazine, were determined and compared with the changes in blood
      pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats after single oral administration of
      cadralazine. The mean plasma level of ISF-2405 reached a maximum at 0.5 h after
      oral administration of 3 mg/kg of cadralazine, followed by a rapid elimination
      with a half-life of 1.0 h, whereas the mean aorta level of ISF-2405 reached a
      maximum at 4 h after dosing, followed by a slow elimination with a half-life of
      6.5 h. The mean mesenteric artery levels of ISF-2405 were almost the same as the
      mean aorta levels over the time investigated. Both patterns of aorta and
      mesenteric artery levels of ISF-2405 were in good agreement with those of the
      hypotensive effects. These findings substantiate the assumption that the slow
      onset and long duration of the pharmacological effect of cadralazine is closely
      related to the distribution pattern of the active metabolite ISF-2405 in blood
      vessels, a target tissue of antihypertensive vasodilator drugs.

PMID- 3370072
TI  - Effects of 3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine on the in vivo release of
      monoamines studied by intracerebral dialysis.
AB  - The effect of a xanthine derivative, 3-methyl-1-(5-oxohexyl)-7-propylxanthine
      (HWA 285, 10 mg/kg i.p.), on the release of endogenous monoamines and their
      metabolites from the rat striatum and hippocampus are examined in vivo by
      intracerebral dialysis technique. Using this method, which is based on the
      dialysis principle, a small-calibered (0.5 mm) dialysis tube is inserted into the
      striatum or hippocampus transversally and is perfused with Ringer solution. The
      amounts of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 5
      hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the perfusates are measured
      by high performance liquid chromatography system with electrochemical detection.
      HWA 285 (10 mg/kg) decreased monoamine levels in hippocampal perfusates after its
      i.p. administration. However, there were no consistent changes in monoamine
      release in striatal perfusates after the drug administration. These findings
      suggest that HWA 285 exerts an inhibitory influence on hippocampal dopaminergic
      and serotonergic systems.

PMID- 3370073
TI  - [The normal electrocardiogram of miniature swine].
AB  - Mean normal values for heart rate of 111 (64-190) actions/min, for duration of
      the PR-interval of 88 (63-120) ms, for the QRS-complex of 36 (26-46) ms and the
      QT-interval of 252 (183-353) ms were determined from the ECG in 204 male and
      female Gottinger mini-pigs (mean body weight 12.4 kg). The mean total amplitudes
      (voltages) of QRSI-III amount to 0.8, 0.9 and 1.1 mV. Considering leads I, II and
      III positive P-waves are most frequently found in II with 91% and negative ones
      in III with 23%. Positive T-waves appear in III with 86% and negative ones in I
      with 88% most frequently. The main polarity of QRS is most frequently positive in
      I with 56% and negative in III with 48%. The incidence of Q is highest in lead I
      with 71%, that one of S in II with 55%. The T-waves are mostly discordant with
      QRS, especially in I with 54%, more seldom concordant yet frequently in II with
      30%. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.77) is evident between heart rate
      and QT-duration, slight negative correlations also exist between heart rate and
      PR- as well as QRS-duration. The mean angle a QRS from I, II, III and aVR, aVL,
      aVF in the frontal plane (direction of the cardiac vector; n = 35) amounts to -47
      degrees (-150 degrees to +165 degrees). The position of the heart axis is more
      sagittal with a characteristic deviation of the electrical from the anatomical
      axis of the heart. Concerning the observed parameters there is also a less
      intraindividual variability in investigations in series besides the considerable
      interindividual one. Examples for physiological specialities or variations from
      the norm of rhythm and configuration of the ECG typical for the miniature pig are
      presented and discussed.

PMID- 3370074
TI  - [Biotransformation of 4-oxa-5-exo-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo-[5.2.1.0-2,
      6endo] dec-8-en-3one in the rat].
AB  - The metabolism of the analgesic compound 4-oxa-5-exo-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)
      tricyclo-[5.2.1.0-2. 6endo]dec-8-en-3one (Lu 253) was investigated after oral
      application in male Wistar rats. From urine, faeces, bile, and plasma epoxidized,
      rearranged, and N-desmethylated metabolites were isolated. The main reaction was
      the epoxidation of the double bond. The structure of most of the
      biotransformation products was proved by synthetic compounds.

PMID- 3370075
TI  - In vitro stimulation of human granulocytes and lymphocytes by pico- and femtogram
      quantities of cytostatic agents.
AB  - The influence of a broad concentration range of naturally occurring
      naphthoquinones and other cytotoxic or cytostatic agents (azathioprine,
      colchicine, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, methotrexate and vincristine) on
      human granulocytes and lymphocytes was investigated in a systematic in vitro
      study. At high concentrations (100 micrograms-10 ng/ml) nearly all substances
      showed the known cytotoxic or immunosuppressive effects, whereas most of the same
      compounds displayed immunostimulating activities at very low concentrations (10
      ng-10 fg/ml). After a cold shock or heat treatment lymphocytes became more
      sensitive against these compounds in the active concentration range than
      untreated cells. These results possibly give an explanation for the antitumour
      activity of some plant extracts, for which a direct cytotoxicity due to the
      applied low dose can be excluded.

PMID- 3370076
TI  - [Immunologic in vivo and in vitro studies on Echinacea extracts].
AB  - Ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea, E. pallida and E. angustifolia roots
      were examined for immunological activity in the carbon clearance test with mice
      and in the granulocyte test. In the in vivo experiment all extracts, administered
      orally, were found to enhance phagocytosis significantly. These results correlate
      with the stimulation of phagocytosis in the in vitro granulocyte test. The
      lipophilic fractions of the extracts appeared to be more active than the polar
      fractions. All extracts were analyzed by HPLC in order to correlate the chemical
      constituents with the immunological activities.

PMID- 3370077
TI  - Single dose study on buspirone versus diazepam in volunteers. Monitoring
      psychomotor performance via oculomotor, choice reaction and electromyographic
      parameters.
AB  - The effects of single oral doses of the anxiolytics buspirone (Bespar, 5 mg) and
      diazepam (5 mg) on psychomotor and cognitive parameters were compared to placebo
      in 6 healthy male volunteers in a randomised double-blind 3-way crossover design
      with a 7-day wash-out period in between. Psychomotor and cognitive measurements
      were taken using the Oculodynamic Test (ODT) for oculomotor, performance and
      additional cardiorespiratory parameters. Surface electromyogram (EMG, relative
      activity) and dynamometric measures (force) were registered by an EMG-Force-Chair
      (EFC), with the measurement of maximal force and EMG-force-slopes. Visual
      analogue scales with regard to sedation, excitation and anxiety were performed.
      Intradiurnal assessments were done at -1, +1, +3, +5 h post-dose. The results
      indicate that 5 mg buspirone behaves more or less like placebo with respect to
      its objective psychomotor and cognitive side-effect pattern and is significantly
      less detrimental than diazepam, which displays a clear pattern of psychomotor and
      cognitive impairment, an alteration of the EMG-force slope, which demonstrates an
      inefficient-increase in the recruitment of muscle fibers under isometric dynamic
      conditions for maintaining an experimentally pre-fixed force, and display an
      increase of subjective sedation and a decrease of subjective excitation in the
      visual analogue scales. ODT effects of diazepam were maximal at 1 h, EMG-force
      effects at 3 h.

PMID- 3370078
TI  - Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study on antihypoxidotic
      effects of piracetam using psychophysiological measures in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effects of two acute doses (1600 mg, 2400 mg) of 2-oxo-pyrrolidine-1
      acetamide (piracetam, Normabrain) on hypoxia resistance were screened vs placebo
      in a randomized, double-blind 3-way change-over design in 9 healthy male
      volunteers (mean age: 26.4 +/- 3.5 years; mean body weight: 74.9 +/- 8.4 kg).
      Psychophysiological measurements were done with the oculodynamic test (ODT) for
      oculomotor, performatory and additional cardiorespiratory parameters.
      Intradiurnal assessments were done under normoxia (prevalue) and hypoxic
      hypoxidosis (1 hypoxic prevalue, 3 postdose values: 1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 h) with a
      content of 10.5% O2 and 89.5% N2 in inspired air (hypoxic hypoxidosis)--as a
      model of brain dysfunctions, related with several types of senile dementia
      (Primary Degenerative Dementia = Alzheimer type; Multi Infarct Dementia). The
      results indicate that piracetam especially in its higher dose (2400 mg) displays
      antihypoxidotic effects already after a single administration in oculomotor,
      performatory and cardiorespiratory parameters.

PMID- 3370079
TI  - Acetylation of maprotiline and desmethylmaprotiline in depressive patients
      phenotyped with sulfamidine, debrisoquine, and mephenytoin.
AB  - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method (using either electron impact or
      chemical ionisation with methane or ammonia) is described for the quantitative
      analysis of maprotiline (MP, Ludiomil), N-acetylmaprotiline (AcMP) and N
      acetyldesmethylmaprotiline (AcDMP) in whole blood or plasma. In two groups (A and
      B) of 82 and 53 depressive patients treated clinically with MP for 10 and 21
      days, respectively, plasma and whole blood MP was monitored during the treatment.
      In group A, all subjects were phenotyped with debrisoquine and mephenytoin, and
      44 with sulfamidine. 5 patients were poor metabolizers of debrisoquine and 2 of
      mephenytoin; 18 subjects were fast acetylators of sulfamidine. Traces of AcMP
      were found only in two patients. AcDMP was present in levels below 2 ng/ml in the
      plasma of most of the patients in group A. In group B, AcDMP levels between 2.4
      14.6 ng/ml of whole blood were found in 9 patients. The mass spectral data
      suggest the presence of another, unknown MP metabolite interfering partly with
      the analysis of AcDMP. The presence of AcDMP seemed not to be related to the
      phenotype of the patients as determined by the pharmacogenetic tests.

PMID- 3370080
TI  - [A model study of bioequivalence of dissolved nifedipine from soft gelatin
      capsules].
AB  - Oral absorption of nifedipine determined from plasma concentrations was studied
      in 20 healthy subjects aged 19 to 40 years following application of a single soft
      gelatin capsule as a generic preparation (P) and a reference preparation (R)
      containing 10 mg nifedipine. Nifedipine was measurable in plasma 15 min after
      application and maximal concentrations occurred after 0.44 and 0.64 h (mean),
      respectively. Maximal concentrations Cmax varied between 46.4 and 251.0 ng/ml
      (median 100.7, mean 112.6) after P and between 35.5 and 279.7 ng.h/ml (median
      115.8, mean 125.2) after R. Mean areas under the curves (AUC0-infinity) were
      173.6 (median 151.4 P) and 188.6 ng.h/ml (median 163.1, R). The minor differences
      in the AUC values and Cmax values were not statistically significant. The shorter
      tmax after the generic preparation (p less than 0.05) is clinically unimportant.
      Since the bioavailability of P is 97% the two preparations are bioequivalent.

PMID- 3370081
TI  - In vitro-in vivo correlation exemplified by sustained release formulations of
      suprofen.
AB  - To evaluate some prototype oral sustained release formulations of the analgesic
      drug suprofen (alpha-methyl-4-(2-thienyl-carbonyl)phenylacetic acid, Suprol) in
      vitro-in vivo correlations were performed. Numerical deconvolution led to
      hypothetical in vivo absorption curves which were in close agreement with the in
      vitro dissolution profiles. Furthermore, a linear correlation was obtained
      between the in vivo and in vitro mean residence times calculated from the blood
      level data.

PMID- 3370083
TI  - Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Instrument Evaluation.

PMID- 3370082
TI  - Chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of AIDS.

PMID- 3370084
TI  - Position statement: Prevention of communication disorders.

PMID- 3370086
TI  - Wellness in the workplace. Beyond the point of no return.

PMID- 3370087
TI  - The national survey of worksite health promotion activities.

PMID- 3370085
TI  - Downhill ski fatalities: the Vermont experience.
AB  - All ski-related accidental deaths in Vermont during the 1979-1980 through 1985
      1986 ski seasons are reported. Sixteen deaths occurred in downhill skiers at
      major ski areas. During the same period 24.17 million skier-days were logged for
      an estimated rate of one death per 1.5 million skier-days. Of the skiers 81% were
      male, and 62% were between the ages of 15 and 26 years. Fourteen of 16 cases
      resulted from collisions with objects, most commonly trees. The predominance of
      head and upper body injuries was striking, and fractures of the lower extremities
      were uncommon. Lethal head/neck injuries accounted for all but two of the deaths.
      Only one skier was wearing a helmet. Speed and loss of control were the two major
      contributing factors identified in these accidents. The need for research and
      development in the prevention of this class of ski accidents is emphasized.

PMID- 3370088
TI  - Cancer prevention in workplace health promotion.

PMID- 3370089
TI  - Women and workplace stress.

PMID- 3370091
TI  - The year 2000. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses health
      objectives for the nation.

PMID- 3370090
TI  - Heart at work. The evaluation of a low-cost worksite health promotion program.

PMID- 3370092
TI  - Working with the boss. How to exert influence in your company.

PMID- 3370093
TI  - Clinical manifestations of toxicity in a series of 784 boric acid ingestions.
AB  - A retrospective chart review was conducted at two regional poison centers to
      determine the clinical outcome of boric acid ingestions and to assess the
      relationship between serum boric acid levels and clinical presentation. A total
      of 784 cases were studied; all but 2 were acute ingestions. No patients developed
      severe manifestations of toxicity, and 88.3% were entirely asymptomatic. The most
      common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Lethargy, headache,
      lightheadedness, and atypical rash were seen less frequently. Boric acid levels
      were obtained in 51 patients and ranged from 0 to 340 micrograms/mL. Blood levels
      were 70 micrograms/mL or more in 7 patients; 4 remained asymptomatic, whereas the
      other 3 had nausea or vomiting. Dialysis was performed in 4 of these 7 patients,
      only 1 of whom had symptoms (vomiting). On the basis of data from 9 patients, the
      mean half-life of boric acid was determined to be 13.4 hours (range, 4.0 to
      27.8). Hemodialysis in 3 patients significantly shortened the half-life compared
      with pre- and postdialysis half-lives. Our results suggest that acute boric acid
      ingestions produce minimal or no toxicity and that aggressive treatment is not
      necessary in most patients.

PMID- 3370094
TI  - Hypokalemia in acute theophylline poisoning.
AB  - The frequency, severity, and time of occurrence of hypokalemia and their
      relationship with vomiting was studied in 40 patients with acute theophylline
      poisoning. The mean peak theophylline concentration was 58 micrograms/mL (range,
      21 to 115), and the mean nadir of serum potassium was 3.0 mEq/L (range, 2.1 to
      3.9). In 85% of the patients, the nadir of serum potassium was less than 3.5
      mEq/L; 45% had potassium concentrations of less than 3 mEq/L. The severity of
      hypokalemia correlated with peak serum theophylline concentrations (p less than
      0.001). Hypokalemia was observed early in the course of the overdose (mean, 5
      hours after ingestion or administration of theophylline). The nadir in serum
      potassium concentrations was more severe among 25 patients who presented to the
      emergency department within 6 hours of the overdose than among 13 patients who
      presented later (mean +/- SE, 3.0 +/- 0.1 mEq/L vs 3.4 +/- 0.1 mEq/L, p less than
      0.01), despite similar admission serum theophylline concentrations in both groups
      (49 +/- 5 and 55 +/- 5 micrograms/mL, respectively; p = not significant).
      Spontaneous or ipecac-induced emesis occurred in 95% of the patients; however,
      hypokalemia preceded vomiting in 13 patients. Its severity was similar whether
      patients did or did not vomit before its occurrence. Hypokalemia is a frequent
      manifestation of acute theophylline poisoning, has a very early onset, and occurs
      independently of vomiting, suggesting an intracellular shift of potassium.

PMID- 3370095
TI  - Traumatic asphyxia in New Mexico: a five-year experience.
AB  - Compression of the chest causing facial petechiae, violaceous facial hue,
      subconjunctival hemorrhages, and frequent mental status abnormalities has been
      termed traumatic asphyxia. We identified 35 such cases occurring in the State of
      New Mexico from 1980 to 1985 from records of the Office of the Medical
      Investigator (n = 30) and from cases presenting to the University of New Mexico
      Trauma Center (n = 5). Among those found at highest risk for traumatic asphyxia
      were people ejected from motor vehicles, men working under cars that were
      inadequately supported and fell onto the victims, children under the age of 5
      years who were crushed under household furniture, and people involved in
      construction activities. Traumatic asphyxia following a moving motor vehicle
      accident was significantly associated with alcohol ingestion (p less than 0.001).
      Preventive and therapeutic strategies should focus on the groups and events
      identified.

PMID- 3370096
TI  - Evaluation of venous distension device: phase II: cannulation of nonemergent
      patients.
AB  - A device designed to augment venous filling by applying a vacuum to the arm
      during tourniquet application was evaluated in adult patients considered to have
      difficult peripheral venous access and in need of nonemergent venipuncture or
      intravenous cannulation. Patients taking medications that affected platelet
      activity or who had venipuncture attempts within 1 week in the same extremity
      were excluded. A total of 21 patients (age, 38.8 +/- 15 years; weight, 77.3 +/-
      22.5 kg) were studied. The majority were obese (62%) and/or did not have
      prominent veins even when a standard tourniquet cuff was placed (71%). Use of the
      device was successful in 19 patients (90%), with a mean time to venipuncture
      after vacuum removal of 38 +/- 30 seconds. In the 2 patients in whom the device
      was unsuccessful, both patients were intravenous drug users and subsequently
      required either external jugular or central venous line placement. Seven patients
      had unsuccessful attempts at venipuncture or intravenous cannulation on the
      opposite extremity immediately before use of the device. In these 7 patients,
      subsequent use of the device was 100% successful (p = 0.0003, Fisher's exact
      test, assuming all attempts using standard techniques would have been
      unsuccessful). When conventional tourniquets are unsuccessful for venipuncture,
      the use of the venous distension device may obviate the need for more invasive
      forms of venous access.

PMID- 3370097
TI  - Epiglottitis at the extremes of age.
AB  - Epiglottitis may occur at any age. The typical presentation in the young child
      and young adult is well known, but the presentation in patients at the extremes
      of age has not been characterized. At our locale, from 1974 to 1984, 19 children
      24 months of age or less and, from 1979 to 1984, 9 adults 50 years of age or
      greater with epiglottitis were seen in the emergency department. In the infantile
      group, rapidly progressive interference with swallowing, vocalization, and
      respiration was encountered in less than half the patients. Symptoms were often
      prolonged before parents sought attention for their child. No preference was
      shown for maintenance of the upright position while at rest, as recumbency did
      not promote stridor or initiate respiratory distress. Respiratory complaints were
      common and included cough, tachypnea, and retractions. Drooling or retention of
      pharyngeal secretions was uncommon. The adult population had a history of
      symptoms that spanned several days. Extreme sore throat, pooling of oral
      secretions, muffled voice, and elevated temperature were uncommon. Dysphagia and
      mild respiratory complaints were frequent. Upper airway obstruction did occur. At
      both extremes of age, exceptions to the classic clinical pattern of epiglottitis
      occurred with significant frequency. Despite this, diagnosis and management in
      the emergency department were appropriate in most cases.

PMID- 3370098
TI  - Pyrethrin poisoning from commercial-strength flea and tick spray.
AB  - A case of acute poisoning followed inhalation and cutaneous exposure to an over
      the-counter flea and tick insecticide containing 0.15% pyrethrins. A self-limited
      syndrome of cutaneous paresthesias, upper respiratory tract irritation, dyspnea
      with productive cough, and repetitive vomiting and diarrhea occurred. The patient
      recovered uneventfully with conservative therapy. A review of the pharmacology
      and toxicity of pyrethrins and related products is discussed, as well as
      management of pyrethrin poisoning.

PMID- 3370099
TI  - Pacing hazards in helicopter aeromedical transport.
AB  - A 62-year-old man with third-degree atrioventricular block and hemodynamically
      unstable ventricular tachycardia had a cardiac arrest during helicopter transport
      to a specialized cardiac care unit. Before transport, his ventricular tachycardia
      had been successfully terminated by a rapid overdrive pacing technique. The
      failure of "burst suppression" and the absence of pacer spike artifact on the
      electrocardiographic monitor raise questions about the potential hazards of using
      various pacing techniques during helicopter transports. Most significantly, this
      case points to the possibility of interference by exogenous electromagnetic
      signals in the medical compartment of the helicopter.

PMID- 3370100
TI  - Pneumomediastinum as a complication of "crack" smoking.
AB  - Three cases of pneumomediastinum related to smoking cocaine in the form of
      "crack" are presented. The patients complained of chest or neck pain occurring 1
      to 6 hours after smoking crack. All three did not immediately divulge a history
      of cocaine use. There was spontaneous resolution of pneumomediastinum in every
      case, and the creation of pneumomediastinum appeared to be directly related to
      the route of drug use. The abuse of crack and the mechanism of spontaneous
      pneumomediastinum are discussed.

PMID- 3370101
TI  - Conjunctival oxygen monitoring: relationship to ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The results of conjunctival oxygen monitoring in a critically ill patient whose
      cardiac rhythm changed from sinus tachycardia to ventricular tachycardia and
      ventricular fibrillation and back to sinus tachycardia are described. Monitoring
      revealed a significant decrease in conjunctival oxygen tension 2 minutes before
      ventricular tachycardia was manifested by continuous electrocardiography, and an
      immediate rise in conjunctival oxygen tension was seen with the resumption of
      sinus tachycardia. This monitoring modality may be a useful adjunct in the
      hemodynamic evaluation of critically ill patients.

PMID- 3370102
TI  - Maprotiline poisoning in a child.
AB  - A 6-year-old girl presented with tonic-clonic seizures and generalized
      convulsions lasting several minutes. A serum drug screen revealed maprotiline,
      and the estimated intake was 12 mg/kg. Despite initial neurologic impairment on
      discharge, follow-up 6 months later showed normal neurologic function in the
      patient. This report describes that case and discusses the toxicity associated
      with maprotiline and its management.

PMID- 3370104
TI  - Role of a hospital team at an industrial explosion.

PMID- 3370103
TI  - Cardiopulmonary arrest following intravenous phenytoin loading.
AB  - Two patients, aged 44 and 68 years, presented with generalized seizures either
      witnessed or highly suspected. Both patients had laboratory-proven subtherapeutic
      anticonvulsant serum levels. The patients differed with regard to risk; one
      patient had existing cardiopulmonary disease, and the other was free of such risk
      factors except liver disease. An apparently appropriate dose of intravenous
      phenytoin was initiated in each case, and the patients were monitored
      appropriately and given supplemental oxygen. Bradycardia, hypotension,
      respiratory distress, and, ultimately, cardiopulmonary arrest occurred in both.
      The criteria proposed by Earnest et al. should be implemented for each seizure
      case that requires a decision on the urgent need for therapeutic anticonvulsant
      levels, whether by mechanical infusion, manual intravenous push, or oral loading.
      The mechanical infusion is the easiest method to standardize and monitor. The
      manual intravenous push has a greater possibility of inadvertent overdosage
      during some small time frame, as well as more local symptoms by some reports.
      Record et al. have recommended oral loading in selected patients. Careful
      consideration must be made of the choice of environment in which intravenous
      loading is done (e.g., emergency department, intensive care unit), as dictated by
      patient parameters, nursing staff levels, and planned disposition. The crucial
      factors contributing to the deterioration of both patients in the two cases
      presented were the concentration of phenytoin manually infused and the
      possibility that their high-risk status made them poor candidates for manual
      intravenous phenytoin. Dose and a hypersensitivity reaction were doubtful factors
      in these cases.

PMID- 3370105
TI  - Painless wound injection through use of a two-finger confusion technique.

PMID- 3370106
TI  - Factors affecting the cervical prevertebral space in the trauma patient.

PMID- 3370107
TI  - Supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction versus ventricular
      tachycardia: differentiation and diagnosis.

PMID- 3370108
TI  - Credentialing of emergency physicians: support for delineation of privileges in
      invasive procedures.

PMID- 3370109
TI  - EMT-defibrillation: a recipe for saving lives.
AB  - Sudden cardiac death is the number-one cause of death in this country. It has
      long been known that most of these deaths occur outside of the hospital,
      therefore necessitating an approach to the problem involving prehospital care.
      The development of advanced life support emergency medical systems has had a
      dramatic impact on improving survival in selected communities. Most of the
      country continues to see little result because of our inability to provide timely
      defibrillation. Automatic external defibrillators now provide a safe, reliable,
      proven method to increase the number of "saves" in rural, urban, and suburban
      communities. This new tool, if widely used, will allow us to save scores of
      "hearts too good to die."

PMID- 3370110
TI  - The exclusion of cervical spine injury.

PMID- 3370111
TI  - Credentialing of emergency physicians.

PMID- 3370112
TI  - Assessing interventions and symptoms following early administration of
      streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3370114
TI  - Emergency medicine in New York.

PMID- 3370115
TI  - Oral activated charcoal therapy.

PMID- 3370113
TI  - Rapid hypothermia subsequent to oral nicotinic acid ingestion and immersion in
      warm (30 degrees C) water.

PMID- 3370116
TI  - The winter swimmer's self-portrait. Ice water immersion as a form of self care.

PMID- 3370117
TI  - [Infantile autism. I. Clinical study of 27 children].

PMID- 3370118
TI  - [1,144 children with acute diarrhea undergoing oral rehydration therapy with a
      solution containing 90 mmol/L of sodium].

PMID- 3370119
TI  - [Crossed renal ectopia without fusion in children].

PMID- 3370120
TI  - [Nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. Influence of the use
      of antibiotics].

PMID- 3370121
TI  - [Infantile trichocephaliasis].

PMID- 3370122
TI  - [Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children: definition and
      classification of the problem].

PMID- 3370123
TI  - [Perinatal transmission of AIDS].

PMID- 3370124
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the pediatric population].

PMID- 3370125
TI  - [Ovarian tumors in prepuberal girls].

PMID- 3370126
TI  - The alpha-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis seeds: chemical and kinetic
      properties and action on animal lymphocytes.
AB  - The alpha-mannosidase from Canavalia ensiformis was characterized with respect to
      molecular mass, glycoprotein nature, amino-acid composition, enzymic properties
      and action on animal cells. The enzyme is composed of two pairs of subunits
      (molecular mass 44 and 66 kDa) which form a tetramer (220 kDa). The larger
      subunit is glycosylated, the smaller one is not. Both subunits have similar amino
      acid compositions. The larger subunit contains a surplus of alanine, aspartic
      acid/asparagine, histidine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, the smaller one a surplus
      of glutamic acid/glutamine, serine and threonine. The enzyme is subject to
      product inhibition by mannose. It stimulates the proliferation of B-lymphocytes
      from nude mice.

PMID- 3370127
TI  - Microanalysis of the amino-acid sequence of monomeric beta-lactoglobulin I from
      donkey (Equus asinus) milk. The primary structure and its homology with a
      superfamily of hydrophobic molecule transporters.
AB  - The complete primary structure of donkey beta-lactoglobulin I was determined by
      pulsed-liquid phase microsequencing of tryptic peptides. The protein has been
      isolated in monomeric form and it corresponds to monomeric beta-lactoglobulin of
      type I. With the inclusion of donkey beta-lactoglobulin I there are 13% common
      residues amongst the members of the beta-lactoglobulin family. Donkey beta
      lactoglobulin I is homologous to the retinol-binding protein, bilin-binding
      protein and five other proteins belonging to the new superfamily of hydrophobic
      molecule transporters. A rapid method for peptide isolation and the strategy for
      microsequencing of this protein have been described.

PMID- 3370128
TI  - Vaccination of mice against Leishmania mexicana amazonensis with microsomal
      fraction associated with BCG.
AB  - Attempts to develop a satisfactory vaccine against New World cutaneous
      leishmaniasis have been made with varying success. We found that in mice,
      pretreated subcutaneously with 2 X 10(6) BCG organisms 2 weeks prior to
      immunization at the same site with as low as 10 micrograms of a microsomal
      preparation (Pol-F) of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, a profound alteration was
      observed in the course of infection produced by inoculation of virulent
      amastigotes of the same strain. The BCG-Pol-F vaccine preparation was
      consistently shown to have a protective capacity associated with larger classical
      cellular immune response (skin test) and higher specific antibody titres in
      response to leishmanial challenge dose (1 X 10(6) amastigotes/mouse).

PMID- 3370129
TI  - Vaccination of mice with liposome-entrapped adult antigens of Nippostrongylus
      brasiliensis.
AB  - An immunization procedure was developed to induce protection of mice against the
      gastrointestinal helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Mice immunized by the
      oral route with antigens which were released by adult worms during their in vitro
      survival in a detergent-containing medium and which were entrapped in liposomes
      were protected against a challenge infection.

PMID- 3370131
TI  - A new venture in medical communication.

PMID- 3370130
TI  - Partial purification of protective antigens from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in
      mice.
AB  - The purification of antigens from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, through their
      ability to provoke cellular proliferation of immune cells and through their
      recognition by antibodies, led to an antigenic preparation which was extracted
      from adult worms and which contained only two proteins (MW 14 and 43 Kd). Mice
      which were vaccinated by the oral route after the entrapment of these two
      proteins in liposomes were strongly protected.

PMID- 3370132
TI  - Determinants of short-term blood pressure variability. Effects of bed rest and
      sensory deprivation in essential hypertension.
AB  - In 38 hospitalized patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension intra
      arterial pressure was recorded continuously for 24 hours with the Oxford
      technique. On the basis of beat by beat analysis, hourly and 24-hour means of
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were obtained. The standard
      deviations and variation coefficients of the hourly means were used as a measure
      of absolute and relative blood pressure variability respectively. By
      randomization patients were ambulant during the day (group A; n = 19) or they
      were restricted to bed (group B). The patients of group B were sensory deprived
      during the first 4 hours of the blood pressure recording. During the night MAP,
      HR, and their respective variabilities were similar for both groups. During bed
      rest MAP was reduced as compared to ambulant values (P less than 0.05), but bed
      rest had no effect on HR, or on the variability of HR and MAP. During concomitant
      sensory deprivation HR and the variability of MAP and HR all declined to nightly
      values, though MAP did not change. In group B, HR-variability (absolute and
      relative) was inversely correlated to age, but no relationship between these two
      parameters was observed in group A. During concomitant sensory deprivation, but
      not during bed rest alone or during night rest, relative MAP-variability was also
      inversely correlated to age. It is concluded that sensory stimuli have an
      important effect on HR and on the variability of MAP and HR, but not on MAP
      itself, indicating that to some extent blood pressure and its variability are
      regulated independently.

PMID- 3370133
TI  - The effect of diuretics on components of the urinary kallikrein-kininogen-kinin
      system in man.
AB  - The effects of acute infusions of diuretics on components of the human urinary
      kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system were determined. Normal human subjects were
      given infusions of chlorothiazide and furosemide in doses calculated to produce a
      comparable natriuresis and diuresis. Alterations in urine electrolyte excretion,
      kinins, total and intact kininogen, and total active kallikrein were determined
      before and after the diuretic administration. Chlorothiazide caused a significant
      increase in total, but not active, kallikrein and had no effect on kinins and
      total or intact kininogen. Furosemide did not alter total or active kallikrein,
      or intact kininogen, but did decrease kinin and total kininogen excretion
      significantly. These differences in effects were not related to urinary sodium
      excretion or urinary flow because both diuretics produced comparable effects on
      these parameters. We conclude that acute infusions of diuretics do not activate
      the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system and that some of the previously described
      effects of diuretics on this system may be related to their site of action.

PMID- 3370134
TI  - Glucocorticoids amplify glomerular injury in rats with renal ablation.
AB  - Male Munich-Wistar rats were subjected to 1 2/3 nephrectomy. One group received
      no therapy (C). A second group received daily doses of methylprednisolone (MP). A
      third group received MP plus the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI)
      benzazepril. A fourth group received CEI alone. Half of the rats in each group
      underwent micropuncture study 2 weeks after ablation. Untreated rats exhibited
      systemic hypertension and elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration
      rate (SNGFR), due to glomerular capillary hyperperfusion and hypertension.
      Administration of MP resulted in comparable systemic hypertension with further
      elevation of SNGFR due to even higher values for glomerular perfusion and
      hydraulic pressure (PGC). Concurrent treatment with CEI-controlled systemic and
      glomerular hypertension despite equivalent renal ablation and comparable doses of
      MP. After 12 weeks untreated rats demonstrated continued systemic hypertension,
      progressive proteinuria, and eventual glomerular sclerosis. Addition of MP
      dramatically accelerated the development of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis,
      while CEI afforded striking protection against disease progression. Thus, potent
      vasodilator glucocorticoids may amplify hemodynamically mediated glomerular
      injury, whereas control of systemic and glomerular hypertension prevents this
      undesirable consequence of chronic steroid therapy.

PMID- 3370135
TI  - Modification of total body fat in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar
      Kyoto rats by dietary calcium and sodium.
AB  - Studies have indicated that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) consuming
      diets high in calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+) weigh less compared to SHRs
      consuming diets lower in Ca2+ and Na+ while consuming similar amounts of food.
      Based on calcium's known effects on lipid metabolism, it was important to
      determine if manipulations of dietary Ca2+ and Na+ would modify total body fat in
      the SHR. Fifteen SHRs and 17 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomized at 4 weeks
      of age to three diets varying in Ca2+ and Na+: 2% Ca2+/1.0% Na+, 1% Ca2+/0.45%
      Na+, and 0.1% Ca2+/0.25% Na+. At 15 weeks of age, blood pressure, body weight,
      and body composition were determined. Significant differences in body weight,
      blood pressure, and total body fat were observed between diet groups in both
      strains. Dietary Ca2+ and Na+ induced favorable changes in total body fat content
      in both the SHR and WKY.

PMID- 3370136
TI  - Hypotensive effect of chronic intrarenal infusion of acetylcholine during
      angiotensin hypertension.
AB  - We examined the role of the pressure natriuresis phenomenon in long-term arterial
      pressure control. Uninephrectomized dogs were housed in metabolic cages and made
      hypertensive with a continuous background intravenous infusion of angiotensin II
      (AngII, 12 ng/kg/min). To increase the ability of the kidney to excrete salt and
      water, we infused acetylcholine (ACH, 2.0 micrograms/kg/min), a potent
      natriuretic agen, directly into the renal artery. In four dogs, ACH decreased
      mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 144 +/- 5 mm Hg to 113 +/- 3 mm Hg. Sodium
      excretion increased by about 60% on the first day of infusion and then returned
      rapidly toward the control value. On cessation of the ACH infusion, there was a
      transient but marked sodium retention, and the hypertension returned. A control
      infusion of ACH intravenously rather than into the renal artery in the same four
      dogs did not affect MAP or sodium excretion during AngII hypertension.

PMID- 3370137
TI  - Long-term survival after recovery from malignant nephrosclerosis.
AB  - Five patients with malignant nephrosclerosis (MNSC) and severe renal failure
      (mean plasma creatinine 926 micromoles/L) were followed for 52 to 83 months.
      Blood pressure was controlled by a minoxidil-nadolol-diuretic combination.
      Combined renal length (CRL) on presentation was greater than 18 cm in four
      patients and 15.3 cm in one patient. Plasma creatinine values declined into the
      second year, and improved function persisted into the third and fourth years
      after presentation. The patient with least renal mass on presentation had
      evidence of declining renal function at 60 months. The data suggest that CRL and
      sustained blood pressure control are critical determinants of both short- and
      long-term recovery and preservation of self-sustaining renal function in patients
      with MNSC.

PMID- 3370138
TI  - Aerobic exercise training reduces resting and exertional blood pressure in
      cardiac patients.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of exercise training (ET) on resting and exertional
      blood pressure in patients with cardiac disease. ET consisted of 20 to 30 minutes
      of aerobic activity three times weekly for 12 months. The study group comprised
      17 males and three females (mean age 58 years, range 40 to 71 years). Blood
      pressure was evaluated at rest and during exercise after 6 and 12 months ET. A
      training effect was documented by an increase in functional capacity from 7.5
      METs (1 MET = 3.5 mL oxygen consumption/kg/min) pre-ET to 8.8 and 9.2 METs after
      6 and 12 months, respectively. The following significant (P less than 0.05)
      effects occurred on blood pressure in association with ET: resting systolic
      pressure pre-ET decreased from 131 to 124 mm Hg at 12 months ET; submaximal (50%
      pre-ET maximum capacity) systolic and diastolic pressures decreased from 150/84
      to 142/80 mm Hg (6 months ET) and 144/80 mm Hg (12 months ET); diastolic pressure
      at maximal exertion fell from 83 to 77 mm Hg (6 months ET) and 78 mm Hg (12
      months ET). Systolic blood pressure at maximal exertion was not increased despite
      significant increases in peak workload achieved at 6 and 12 months ET. Therefore,
      ET not only enhances functional capacity in cardiac patients but may be
      associated with a beneficial cardiac effect through attenuation of both rest and
      exertional blood pressure.

PMID- 3370140
TI  - Protein synthesis in perfused rat hearts after in vivo hyperthermia and in vitro
      cold ischemia.
AB  - Isolated and perfused rat hearts can be maintained for up to 2.5 h with minimal
      synthesis of a stress protein with a relative mass (Mr) of 71 kilodaltons (SP71).
      Isolated hearts, subjected to 17 h of cold (4 degrees C) ischemia, upon perfusion
      (37 degrees C) synthesize a large amount of SP71. In the present study, the
      effect of in vivo hyperthermia on protein synthesis in isolated and perfused
      hearts was examined. Hearts were excised from rats subjected to a 15-min episode
      of hyperthermia (42 degrees C), either immediately (no recovery) or after 24 h of
      recovery. The excised hearts were perfused either immediately or after 17 h of
      cold ischemia. Hyperthermia (no recovery) increased [3H]leucine incorporation
      into SP71, while hyperthermia with a 24-h recovery did not increase incorporation
      into SP71 during perfusion (no ischemia). Hyperthermia (no recovery) increased
      the incorporation of [3H]leucine into SP71 seen after cold ischemia. Hyperthermia
      with a 24-h recovery decreased the incorporation of [3H]leucine into SP71 seen
      after cold ischemia. This reduction in synthesis of SP71 after 24-h recovery from
      hyperthermia could be caused by the accumulation of SP71 suppressing its own
      synthesis or a measure of protection (tolerance) induced by the hyperthermia.

PMID- 3370139
TI  - Endogenous hyperphosphorylation in plasma membrane from an ascites
      hepatocarcinoma cell line.
AB  - Plasma-membrane-bound kinases of AS-30D ascites from transplantable rat
      hepatocarcinoma were shown to extensively catalyze the phosphorylation of plasma
      membrane proteins and membrane lipids, using [gamma-32P]ATP or [gamma-32P]GTP as
      a phosphate donor. In contrast, plasma membranes from normal adult rat liver or
      fast-growing regenerating liver (24 h after partial hepatectomy) produce
      significantly less activity for protein phosphorylation and little
      phosphorylation of the lipids. However, neonatal (24 h old) rat liver plasma
      membrane preparations show levels of phosphorylation of proteins and lipids
      intermediate between those in the tumor cell line and normal adult plasma
      membrane preparations. Phosphatidic acid was identified as one of the 32P
      labelled lipids in the tumor plasma membrane chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v)
      extract. Phosphorylation of protein was not affected by cAMP or cGMP. However,
      calcium ion (in the presence or absence of calmodulin) significantly modifies the
      32P labelling of a series of proteins in normal tissue but has little effect with
      the neoplastic preparations. Some plasma membrane proteins were capable of
      nucleotide binding, instead or in addition to being phosphorylated. Finally, the
      presence of membrane-bound phosphoprotein phosphatase(s) was also demonstrated in
      all the preparations examined by means of chase experiments with nonlabelled ATP
      or GTP, and (or) by the use of the phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor,
      orthovanadate.

PMID- 3370141
TI  - Purification and characterization of ferro- and cobalto-chelatases.
AB  - Pig liver ferrochelatase was purified 465-fold with about 30% yield, to apparent
      homogeneity, by a procedure involving solubilization from mitochondria, ammonium
      sulfate fractionation, and Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The fraction of each
      purification step had cobaltochelatase as well as ferrochelatase activity. A
      purified protein of molecular weight 40,000 was found by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A molecular weight of
      approximately 240,000 was obtained by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. Both
      activities of the purified fraction increased linearly with time until 2 h, but
      nonlinear plots were obtained with increasing concentrations of protein. Their
      optimum pH values were similar. Km values were, for ferrochelatase activity, 23.3
      microM for the metal and 30.3 microM for mesoporphyrin, and for cobaltochelatase
      activity, 27 and 45.5 microM, respectively. Fe2+ and Co2+ each protected against
      inactivation by heat. Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, or Hg2+ inhibited both activities, while
      Mn2+ slightly activated; Mg2+ had no effect, at the concentrations tested. There
      appeared to be an involvement of sulfhydryl groups in metal insertion. Lipids, in
      correlation with their degree of unsaturation, activated both purified
      activities; phospholipids also had activation effects. We conclude that a single
      protein catalyzes the insertion of Fe2+ or Co2+ into mesoporphyrin.

PMID- 3370142
TI  - Changes in structure and protein composition of bovine lymphocyte nuclear matrix
      during concanavalin-A-induced mitogenesis.
AB  - A major component of nuclear change in concanavalin-A-stimulated bovine
      lymphocytes is a severalfold increase in interchromatinic volume, which coincides
      with nuclear swelling and extensive structural remodelling. Large-scale
      ultrastructural changes in isolated nuclei and nuclear matrices (NM) reflect
      those occurring within nuclei in situ during mitogenesis. While nonchromatinic
      nuclear material embedded within nuclease- and salt-extracted whole cells closely
      resembled in situ interchromatinic matrices, large NM isolated in solution shrank
      after chromatin was extracted. Numerous perinuclear filaments persisted
      throughout NM isolation and cytoskeletal proteins were identified in two
      dimensional (2-D) gels of such preparations. Taken together these data indicated
      that the lymphocyte cytoskeleton is likely continuous with the nuclear matrix and
      could play a role in maintaining nuclear organization. A wide range of lymphocyte
      NM proteins were resolved in 2-D gels. Significant changes in protein composition
      coincided with nuclear structural remodelling. Lamin B was prominent at each
      stage of nuclear development, whereas lamins A and C were only found in
      stimulated lymphocyte matrices. Lymphoblast NM contained more large basic
      proteins. Progressively increasing polypeptide complexity of these NM arose by de
      novo protein synthesis and posttranslational modifications throughout
      concanavalin A stimulation. NM from stimulated lymphocytes also contained more
      ribonucleoproteins, possibly indicating the presence of significant amounts of
      transcriptional material.

PMID- 3370143
TI  - Activation of detergent-solubilized rat hepatic 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase by
      NADPH and nonglutathione cytosolic components.
AB  - An investigation was made of the possible role of the hepatic microsomal membrane
      in the activation of 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase (5'-DI) by a cytosolic
      activating system consisting of fraction A (relative mass (Mr) greater than
      60,000), fraction B (Mr, approximately 13,000), and NADPH. Activation of 5'-DI in
      washed microsomes was compared with that of a microsome extract prepared by
      solubilization with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulphonate
      and further purification by fractional precipitation with polyethylene glycol and
      by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. All 5'-DI preparations exhibited qualitatively
      similar dependence upon NADPH and cytosolic factors in fractions A and B for 5'
      DI activation and were relatively unresponsive to NADH. Activation of solubilized
      preparations, unlike that of intact microsomes, was more readily inhibited by low
      concentrations of detergent and not inhibited by NADPH concentrations above 0.25
      mM. Attempted purification of 5'-DI failed to produce a substantial increase in
      specific activity of the enzyme. It is concluded that, while glutathione
      independent cytosolic factors and NADPH can activate 5'-DI in the absence of an
      intact microsomal membrane, some membrane constituents removed during
      solubilization and purification of the enzyme are required for maximal
      activation.

PMID- 3370144
TI  - Influence of collagen gel substratum on response to low-density lipoprotein by
      cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on accumulation of glycosaminoglycans
      (GAG) was compared in cultures of human skin fibroblasts on a conventional
      plastic substratum and in a native type I collagen gel. The 24-h incorporation of
      [3H]glucosamine and Na2(35)SO4 into GAG secreted into the medium or associated
      with the substratum and cell surface (SCA) was measured in cells at subconfluent
      densities. When cells were grown on plastic, 13-25% of the labeled GAG was in the
      SCA pool. Cells cultured within a collagen gel matrix incorporated three times
      more [3H]glucosamine and up to five times more [35S]sulfate into this pool. The
      addition of LDL (300 micrograms protein/mL) to the medium increased the level of
      total GAG incorporation of [3H]glucosamine by 40-50% and of [35S]sulfate by 15
      20% on both substrata. For cells on plastic the relative increase in the medium
      and SCA pool was similar, whereas for cells in collagen gel the response to LDL
      was twice as great in the SCA pool as in the medium. The distribution of GAG
      types was unaffected by LDL; hyaluronic acid remained the principal GAG in the
      media pools of both substrata, heparan sulfate remained the main SCA GAG in
      cultures on plastic, and dermatan sulfate remained the dominant GAG in the SCA
      pool of collagen gel cultures. LDL degradation was measured at intervals up to 48
      h after the addition of 125I-labeled LDL. The rate of accumulation of degraded
      LDL products was lower in collagen gel cultures, but the final levels achieved
      were the same in the two substrata. Concentrations of total cell cholesterol were
      similar, although the increases in free cholesterol induced by LDL were 26%
      greater in cells within collagen gel than in those on plastic. We conclude that
      fibroblasts grown within a collagen gel, as compared with those on a plastic
      substratum, (i) accumulate more GAG that remain attached to the substratum and
      cell surface; (ii) respond to LDL with a similar degree of increase in GAG
      accumulation, but more of the increase is found in the substratum and cell
      surface compartment; and (iii) accumulate more intracellular free cholesterol in
      response to LDL.

PMID- 3370145
TI  - A novel N-acetylglucosaminidase from neonatal rat enterocytes.
AB  - The luminal surface of ileal enterocytes in fetal and neonatal mammals is covered
      by beta-hexosaminidase, which is attached to a fibrillar array. In this study, we
      have isolated this enzyme and subjected it to kinetic and structural analyses.
      The enzyme is identified as N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NA beta G) on the
      basis of substrate specificity and susceptibility to inhibition by N
      acetylgalactosamine. Its catalytic properties and thermal stability are
      characteristics of the acidic, thermally labile human isoenzyme, but it differs
      from the human glycosidase in size. The neonatal NA beta G is a species of
      225,000 relative mass (Mr), composed of two subunits of 125,000 and 115,000 Mr.
      Both its cellular location and differences in biophysical properties from the
      adult rat lysosomal forms and human glycosidases suggest that the neonatal rat NA
      beta G is a novel isoenzyme.

PMID- 3370146
TI  - Time-dependent alterations in the pathway of glucose incorporation into glycogen
      in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes following glucose starvation.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes maintained in primary culture were able to use glucose
      for glycogen synthesis by both direct and indirect mechanisms. Cells that had
      been isolated from fed animals and then cultured in the absence of glucose, but
      in the presence of gluconeogenic substrates such as pyruvate and amino acids, had
      decreased glycogen contents compared with similar cells that had been cultured in
      the presence of glucose. Upon reexposure to glucose, the glucose-starved cells
      showed time-dependent changes in the preferred pathway for the use of glucose for
      glycogen synthesis. These changes were noted either in the absence or presence of
      insulin; however, net accumulation of glycogen was observed only in the presence
      of the hormone.

PMID- 3370147
TI  - Quantitative assays for uracil-DNA glycosylase of high sensitivity.
AB  - We have developed a sensitive fluorometric assay using bisulfite deaminated (C---
      U), covalently-closed circular PM2 DNA as the substrate. We describe a reliable
      way to prepare this substrate without nicking the PM2 DNA. Methods, which depend
      on toluenization of the cells, are described for reproducibly and quantitatively
      assaying uracil-DNA glycosylase. The sensitivity is such that only 200 EL4 mouse
      thymoma cells or 30,000 Escherichia coli cells are needed for each point in a
      kinetic assay.

PMID- 3370148
TI  - Job histories in open employment of a population of young adults with mental
      retardation: I.
AB  - Job histories were obtained for a population of young adults with mental
      retardation. No one with IQ less than 50 had been in open employment. Persons
      with mild mental retardation (n = 100) who received no adult services were
      compared to peers who were not retarded (n = 52) who left school without academic
      qualifications on a variety of job measures (e.g., unemployment, time out of the
      labor force, job turnover, level of job skill, and take-home pay). Among the 54
      subjects with IQs of 50 or more who received adult services, approximately half
      had some open employment. Our results provide a less optimistic picture than that
      given by reviewers of previous research.

PMID- 3370149
TI  - Family stress and ways of coping with adolescents who have handicaps: maternal
      perceptions.
AB  - Mothers' perception of family stress and ways of coping with adolescents who were
      autistic or had mental retardation (ns = 36 for both groups) were compared. Group
      differences were found among maternal reports of family stress. All comparisons
      of child-related stress revealed that mothers with an adolescent who was autistic
      perceived greater level of family stress than did mothers with an adolescent who
      had mental retardation. Marital adjustment did not differ by group. Furthermore,
      maternal coping styles were consistent across groups, indicating that mothers
      with adolescents who had a handicap relied heavily on community resources and
      professional help for coping.

PMID- 3370150
TI  - Effective decision-making/problem-solving training with mothers who have mental
      retardation.
AB  - Nine mothers with mental retardation received group training in decision-making
      using vignettes describing child-raising situations. A multiple baseline
      procedure was used to assess the effectiveness of training in how to identify and
      apply decision-making steps to trained and untrained vignettes. Significant
      changes in step identification and use were observed and maintained for a month
      for both types of vignettes. Although training included nothing to improve the
      appropriateness of decisions, there was significant improvement for the high-risk
      situations used in training. Results suggest that parents with mental retardation
      are able to learn and apply basic steps of decision-making.

PMID- 3370151
TI  - Effect of typicality level on proactive inhibition in adults with mental
      retardation.
AB  - Adults with mental retardation heard four triads of highly typical, atypical, or
      unrelated words (Experiment 1, proactive inhibition buildup) and three triads of
      typical, atypical, or unrelated words, shifting to either typical or atypical
      words (Experiment 2, inhibition release). Our purpose was to examine the
      structure of their semantic system and determine whether they encode information
      in semantic memory on the dimensions of item prototypicality and list
      organization. No list differences occurred in Experiment 1. Apparently,
      interference effects inhibited encoding by organization and typicality. Amount of
      release varied as a function of item typicality and list organization (Experiment
      2), demonstrating multidimensional encoding in semantic memory.

PMID- 3370152
TI  - Sustained attention of adults with mental retardation.
AB  - The sustained attention of young adults with mild mental retardation and those
      without retardation was assessed during three 50-minute tests in which visual
      cues were presented successively on a computer-controlled monitor. Target cues
      occurred on 5% of the stimulus presentations in a random fashion. Significant
      decrements in target detection were observed in both groups of observers during
      all tests; however, the vigilance decrement was unrelated to intelligence level.
      The target-detection ability of observers with and without mental retardation did
      not differ on a recognition task. The observers with mental retardation detected
      significantly fewer target events than did observers who were not retarded on two
      tasks requiring judgments to be made on the basis of a remembered standard. These
      data suggest the sustained attention of adults with mental retardation differs
      from that of adults without mental retardation on vigilance tasks that place
      demands on memory abilities.

PMID- 3370154
TI  - We are not all cut from the same cloth!!

PMID- 3370153
TI  - Understanding values as determinants of public policy.

PMID- 3370155
TI  - Crossed immuno-electrophoretic analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3
      antigens.
AB  - By means of quantitative immuno-electrophoretic methods, 81 different antigens
      were demonstrated in sonicated preparations of Yersinia enterocolitica, serogroup
      0:3, using corresponding rabbit antiserum. Only chromosomally-encoded antigens
      were demonstrated in this system. Thirteen antigens were located on the bacterial
      surface, as demonstrated after absorption of rabbit antiserum with whole, killed
      bacteria. Five antigens resisted boiling. Antigen No. 71 was identified as an
      important part of the lipopolysaccharide, and antigen No. 6 as the "common
      antigen" of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Binding activities to concanavalin A
      (indicating the presence of carbohydrates), to Limulus amoebocyte lysate and to
      polymyxin B (indicating the presence of possible endotoxin activity) were
      demonstrated for five, nine, and seven antigens, respectively. These
      observations, together with the presence of corresponding antibodies in pre
      immune rabbit sera, as well as cross-reactivity with other Gram-negative
      bacteria, indicate the biological importance of several of these antigens.

PMID- 3370156
TI  - Cross-reactions between Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup 0:3 and other
      serogroups of the same species, as well as thirty-four other bacterial species.
AB  - Cross-reactions between antigens from Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup 0:3 and 5
      other members of the same species as well as 34 other bacterial species were
      studied by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. A sonicated Y.
      enterocolitica antigen preparation and corresponding purified rabbit antibodies
      were used in a reference system that presented 58 regularly visible
      immunoprecipitates. One antigen was identified as specific for the Y.
      enterocolitica 0:3 serogroup and two antigens for the species Y. enterocolitica.
      Y. enterocolitica antigens cross-reacted widely with antigens from other
      Enterobacteriaceae, but only a few cross-reactions were registered with Gram
      negative bacteria outside the Enterobacteriaceae. A partial cross-reaction
      between all Gram-positive bacteria included in our study and two Y.
      enterocolitica antigens was demonstrated.

PMID- 3370157
TI  - Pulmonary damage caused by fluoride in rabbits during experimental fluorosis.
AB  - The effect of fluoride on lung tissue was assessed in rabbits during experimental
      fluorosis. Sodium fluoride as 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day was injected
      subcutaneously for 100 days into rabbits of both sexes. The control animals were
      given 1 cc distilled water/kg body weight/day for the same period. Histological
      studies showed alveolar hemorrhage, necrosis of alveolar epithelium and
      bronchiolitis, followed by progressive exudation of oedema fluid, congestion, and
      hyperplasia of alveolar cell nuclei in treated animals. In animals of the 50 mg
      fluoride group, lung parenchyma had a distorted appearance with loss of alveolar
      architecture. The structural manifestations in pulmonary tissue were more
      progressive with the subsequent increase in the dosage of fluoride.

PMID- 3370158
TI  - A physico-chemical comparison of the monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor
      and the tumour necrosis factor.
AB  - The chromatographic characteristics of the human monocyte-derived growth
      stimulatory activity towards diploid FS-4 human fibroblasts has been studied. The
      fibroblast growth stimulatory factor had an apparent isoelectric point of 5.8 as
      determined by chromatofocusing, and a molecular weight in the range 70,000-30,000
      as determined by gel filtration. The growth stimulatory factor eluted together
      with the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) upon cation exchange chromatography,
      chromatofocusing and gel filtration. Moreover, the fibroblast growth stimulatory
      activity in crude monocyte supernatants as well as the activity in the gel
      filtration column fractions was neutralized by antiserum raised against
      recombinant TNF (rTNF). The results indicate that the monocyte-derived fibroblast
      growth stimulatory activity is largely due to TNF.

PMID- 3370159
TI  - Prognostic significance of differential cell counts in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - The use of differential counting on H & E stained sections is proposed as a
      simple means to define low grade malignant and high grade malignant cytologic
      categories in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Differential counts were performed in
      lymphoma biopsies from 616 cases. In each biopsy we counted 100 lymphoma cells
      and classified each cell as belonging to a "small", "medium-sized", or "large"
      cell type. The results indicate the presence of two prognostically distinct
      cytologic categories: a low grade and a high grade malignant. Lymphomas with less
      than 10% "large" cells represented low grade malignant cytology. Included in this
      category were also the, mainly follicular, lymphomas with more then 70% "medium
      sized" cells (up to about 25% "large" cells). In addition to the cytologic
      category, the architectural pattern is of major prognostic importance. We
      recommend the use of three prognostic categories in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: I)
      Favourable architecture + favourable cytology. II) Unfavourable architecture +
      favourable cytology. III) Unfavourable cytology.

PMID- 3370160
TI  - Tumoral calcinosis. An ultrastructural analysis and consideration of
      pathogenesis.
AB  - The clinical presentation and radiographic findings including computed tomography
      is described in a case of tumoral calcinosis along with a detailed light- and
      electronmicroscopic analysis. Five main cell types surrounding the calcified
      masses were identified: fat cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, osteoclast-like
      giant cells and osteoblast-like cells. The light microscopic and ultrastructural
      findings suggest an initial tissue damage with fat necrosis and the secondary
      calcification process seems to be of the mitochondrial type and possibly also of
      the matrix vesicel type.

PMID- 3370161
TI  - Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica in a healthy population in Tanzania.
AB  - A micro-agglutination technique was used for the detection of antibodies to
      Yersinia enterocolitica serogroups 03, 08 and 09 in sera from healthy individuals
      in Dar es Salaam, including 38 school children and 81 adults. Antibody titres
      greater than or equal to 128 to serogroup 03 were found in 2.6% of the children
      and 0.8% of the adults, and to serogroup 09 in 5.3% of the children and 2.5% of
      the adults. Antibody titres greater than or equal to 128 serogroup 08 were not
      detected.

PMID- 3370162
TI  - [30th meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology. 9-11 June 1988,
      Tokushima, Japan. Abstracts].

PMID- 3370163
TI  - [Mitochondrial angiopathy in the cerebral blood vessels of MELAS (mitochondrial
      myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes)].
AB  - MELAS is a distinctive syndrome manifested by mitochondrial myopathy,
      encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and recurrent stroke-like episodes such as
      seizures, alternating hemiparesis, hemianopsia, or cortical blindness.
      Pathologically the disorder is characterized by multiple, solitary or continuous
      foci of necrosis (infarct or softening), varying in size and stage, predominantly
      involving the bilateral cerebral cortices and to a lesser degree cerebral white
      matter, basal ganglia, brainstem and cereblum. The distribution of the lesions
      does not correspond to vascular territories, suggesting that they are not due to
      usual thrombotic or embolic process. The exact nature and pathogenesis of these
      lesions with characteristic distribution pattern remain to be elucidated. We
      studied systematically cerebral blood vessels from two autopsied patients with
      MELAS by electron microscopy. All the main cerebral arteries including anterior,
      middle and posterior cerebral, basilar and vertebral arteries were examined at
      their proximal portions at the cerebral base and at their peripheral portions at
      the cortical surface as well as within brain parenchyma. We found marked
      accumulation of mitochondria in the cell bodies of smooth muscle cells and
      endothelial cells and numerous smooth muscle cells showing degeneration or
      necrosis, sporadically or in clusters in the tunica media. These abnormalities
      were most prominent in the walls of pial arterioles and small arteries up to 250
      mu in diameter, and less frequent and severe in the larger pial arteries and
      intracerebral arterioles and small arteries. These vascular changes are different
      from any of those described in various disorders known to involve the cerebral
      blood vessels and are thus characteristic to the cerebral blood vessels of MELAS.
      We think that these peculiar vascular changes called mitochondrial angiopathy are
      caused by primary mitochondrial dysfunction in the vascular smooth muscle cells
      and endothelial cells themselves, as is the same in the skeletal and cardiac
      muscles in this disease, and that they constitute the pathogenic base of the
      brain lesions with unusual distribution pattern and nature in MELAS.

PMID- 3370164
TI  - [Growth activity of meningeal carcinomatosis--immunohistochemical study using
      anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody].
AB  - We have developed an experimental model of leptomeningeal tumor by inoculating
      Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells into the cisterna magna of rats. This model was
      considered to be useful in studying pathophysiology and treatment of malignant
      brain tumors. In this study, the growth kinetics of this experimental tumor was
      investigated by using the immunohistochemical technique with an anti-BrdU
      monoclonal antibody. Walker 256 carcinosarcoma was subcutaneously passaged in
      female Wistar rats. Seven days after subcutaneous inoculation, the tumor was
      aseptically removed and minced in Hank's medium by scissors to make single cell
      suspension of the tumor. The cell suspension was adjusted to 1 x 10(5) cells/ml.
      And 0.1 ml was inoculated percutaneously into the cisterna magna of female Wistar
      rats weighing 150 gr. Every day after tumor inoculation, the animal (5 on each
      day) was sacrificed 30 minutes after intravenous BrdU (200 mg/kg) and perfused by
      saline. Then, the brain was removed, fixed in ethanol and embedded in paraffin.
      Coronal sections of the brain 6 mu in thickness were cut and stained by the
      indirect immunoperoxidase (ABC) method. The anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (Becton
      Dickinson) was diluted in 1:100. The sections were counterstained by hematoxylin.
      Labelling index (L.I.) of the tumor was obtained by counting immunoreactive cells
      under the microscope. L.I. of the subcutaneous tumor 7 days after inoculation was
      52.4%. In the tumor 1 to 3 days after inoculation, L.I. was still low and between
      11.9 and 15.1%. Four or 5 days after inoculation, the tumor cells grew in several
      layers in the subarachnoid space. L.I. at this stage of the tumor growth was 26.6
      to 34.8%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370165
TI  - [Histopathological study of the "cholesterol granuloma reaction" in the sellar
      and juxta-sellar tumors].
AB  - Specimens from operation of 211 sellar and juxta-sellar tumors were observed
      histopathologically, and discussed about the true form of "cholesterol granuloma
      reaction" in those tumors. Depending on the characteristic histological feature,
      "cholesterol granuloma reaction" was classified into 3 groups, each of which also
      represented a step of process of organization. Group I (cholesterol clefts
      predominates in hemorrhagic and necrotic foci), group II (foreign body giant
      cells, macrophages, round cell infiltrations are present other than cholesterol
      clefts, signifying active organization), group III (numerous cholesterol clefts
      predominates in fibrous scar tissue). Feature of "cholesterol granuloma reaction"
      were seen in 6 cases among 37 cases of craniopharyngioma with verified histology
      (16%), 8 among 165 in pituitary adenomas (5%) and 1 among 5 in pituitary
      epithelial cysts (20%). In addition, there were 4 cases in which histologic
      sections of the surgical specimen showed only the feature of "cholesterol
      granuloma reaction", in the absence of tumorous epithelial components.
      "Cholesterol granuloma reaction" is thought to develop as a secondary reaction to
      hemorrhage or tissue necrosis (pituitary adenomas), or to keratinization
      (craniopharyngiomas). In occasions in which surgical specimen show only a feature
      of "cholesterol granuloma reaction", making the final diagnosis is necessary to
      be careful, taking account of other lesions as well as craniopharyngiomas.

PMID- 3370166
TI  - [Lipid chemical study of an autopsy case of Nasu-Hakola disease].
AB  - Lipid chemical analysis of a case of membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu-Hakola
      disease) was reported. The case is a 43 yr-old man (at death). Onset of the
      disease was at his age of 10 when he had complained of leg pain. Since his age of
      14, he had bone fractures of the lower extremities many times. At the age of 35,
      he was admitted to a hospital for the neurological examination. At that time, he
      showed exaggerated tendon reflexes and intension tremor of the upper extremities.
      He was euphoric and demented. His IQ was 31. Histological examination of biopsy
      specimen from the bone marrow revealed the typical membrano-cystic lesion. He had
      status epilepticus which was followed by comatous state for a week. The disease
      progressed gradually and he fell into decorticated state. He died at the age of
      43. The total clinical course was 33 years. The brain weighed 680 g. Remarkable
      atrophy was observed in the whole brain. Loss of nerve cells in the upper layers
      of the cortex was marked. There were loss of myelin sheath and severe gliosis in
      the white matter. A part of the brain, liver and subcutaneous fat was frozen at
      the time of autopsy for the chemical examination. Quantitative determination of
      cholesterol, glycolipid, phospholipid, free fatty acid in the brain and liver,
      cholesterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride in the subcutaneous fat were carried
      out. Cholesterol was decreased about 33% in the cortex and 42% in the white
      matter in comparing with those of controls and the content of cerbroside in the
      white matter was about 1/3 of that of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370167
TI  - [Changes in capillary permeability in experimental brain tumor].
AB  - It is still controversial whether edema fluid around a malignant brain tumor is
      derived from capillaries inside the tumor itself or not only from tumor vessels
      but also from peritumoral tissue. The purpose of this study is to clarify the
      region where the capillary permeability is increased using double
      autoradiographic method. A suspension of 1 X 10(4) rat glioma cells (RG-12) was
      stereotactically implanted into the right basal ganglia of C-D Fisher rats. In
      this model, all animals are dead 20 +/- 1 days after the implantation. Two kinds
      of tracers, 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and 131I-human serum albumin
      (HSA), were administered 14 to 17 days after the tumor implantation. In all rats,
      14C-AIB was intravenously injected 10 min before decapitation. 131I-HSA was given
      10 min before decapitation in five animals (group 1), one hour before in four
      animals (group 2), and six hours before in three animals (group 3).
      Autoradiograms for 131I-HSA were exposed for initial one to two days after the
      decapitation, while the exposure for 14C-AIB was delayed until 4 months later.
      Autoradiograms of these two tracers were compared with the corresponding sections
      with H-E stain for neuropathological examination. In group 1, the distribution of
      HSA as well as AIB was quite similar to tumor itself. In group 2 and group 3, the
      distributions of AIB were similar to the tumor. However, the distributions of HSA
      were 1.4 fold larger (group 2) and 3.6 fold larger (group 3) than the tumor and
      expanded into the peritumoral region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370168
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of congenital facial paralysis].
AB  - The common cause of neonatal facial asymmetry is facial nerve paralysis or
      "asymmetric crying facies syndrome". In the not uncommon later the lower lip,
      symmetrical at rest, becomes tilted to the so-called normal side when the patient
      is smiling or crying, as the congenital hypogenesis of sublabial muscles fail to
      pull down the lower lip in the opposite side. The electrophysiological
      differentiation between the two diseases has been performed by orbicularis oculi
      and oris reflexes with mechanically glabellar and supralabial tapping
      stimulation, respectively, in addition to needle and/or surface EMG recording. In
      the facial nerve paralysis of the case 1, R1 and R2 were absent in the
      orbicularis oculi and oris reflexes. EMG activity was completely lacking over the
      M. orbicularis oculi and oris innervated by facial nerve. On the contrary, the
      orbicularis oculi and oris reflexes were normal in the asymmetric crying facial
      of the case 2. EMG activity was absent only in the sublabial muscles including M.
      depressor anguli oris and/or M. depressor labii inferioris. Furthermore, needle
      EMG disclosed no spontaneous activity at rest, which was suggestive of no
      denervation in the sublabial muscles. It was, however, not possible to determine
      exactly which muscle the needle was inserted, the M. deprossor anguli oris or the
      M. depressor labii inferioris. The case 3 might be a variant of asymmetric crying
      facies with hypogenesis of M. orbicularis oris and/or oculi as well as the
      sublabial muscle, since the latency was normal but the amplitude was
      significantly attenuated in the components of orbicularis oculi and oris
      reflexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370169
TI  - [Biochemical investigation of normal pressure hydrocephalus in the assessment of
      shunt effectiveness].
AB  - It is well known that, among patients of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH),
      there is a group in which a shunting procedure had no effect on improving
      clinical signs (shunt-ineffective group). To differentiate the shunt-effective
      group from the shunt-ineffective group, we performed measurements of
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of uric acid (UA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) in patients of NPH. We investigated the age-related CSF levels of UA and
      GABA in the normal subjects and compared them with those in the patients of NPH
      including the shunt-ineffective group and other related states, that is, multi
      infarct dementia (MID) and patients with full recovery after subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) due to the ruptured aneurysm. In the normal subjects, CSF UA
      levels of second and over seventh decades were significantly higher than those of
      third, fourth, and fifth decades. On the other hand, CSF GABA levels of second
      and over seventh decades were significantly lower than those of the others. In
      the patients of MID, CSF UA levels were much higher and CSF GABA levels were much
      lower in comparison with the normal controls. These results suggested that, in
      the aged normal subjects, some degree of brain damage is responsible for high CSF
      UA levels and low CSF GABA levels. There was no difference in the values of CSF
      UA and GABA between normal subjects and the patients with full recovery after
      SAH. In the patients of NPH, CSF UA levels were low in general, while CSF GABA
      levels were all high. After the shunting operation, CSF UA and GABA levels became
      normal in the shunt-effective group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370170
TI  - [Midbrain arteriovenous malformation causing bilateral total ophthalmoplegia as
      an initial ocular symptom--a case report].
AB  - A 61-year-old woman is presented with a bilateral total ophthalmoplegia as an
      initial ocular symptom, caused by a midbrain hematoma. She complained of acute
      headache, nausea, vomiting and bilateral closure of her eyelids. Examination on
      admission showed meningeal irritation; mild consciousness disturbance; bilateral
      total ophthalmoplegia; left hemiparesis; ataxia in all extremities, more marked
      to the left. Computed tomography demonstrated a small hematoma in the midbrain
      tegmentum. Angiography demonstrated midbrain arteriovenous malformation, and she
      was treated conservatively. Abduction of both eyes and adduction of the left eye
      appeared on the next day of the ictus, and after that, improved gradually. Left
      ptosis had improved since one week after the ictus. Light reflex of the left
      pupil had seen 5 days after the ictus. At the same time, the left pupil revealed
      an oval-shape. Right internal ophthalmoplegia continued to exist. One year later,
      the right eye deviated externally, and the left deviated inferio-medially.
      Abduction of both eyes was normal. Infraduction of both eyes was seen, but
      limited on the left. Upgaze paresis remained unchanged, and adduction of the
      right eye was absent. Adduction of the left eye showed almost full recovery.
      There was right complete ptosis, but left ptosis became indefinite. These ocular
      findings indicated typical right oculomotor paresis plus superior rectus paresis
      of the left eye, which suggested a destructive lesion in the right oculomotor
      nucleus. Also, her left extremities showed a hemiparesis as a pyramidal tract
      sign (Weber's syndrome) and an ataxia as a cerebellar sign (Claude's
      syndrome).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370171
TI  - [Effect of glycerol administration on experimental cerebral ischemia--Part 1.
      Studies on lipid peroxides, prostaglandins, brain edema and brain metabolites].
AB  - Using two different models of non ischemic and transient cerebral ischemia in
      SHR, the effect of hyperosmolar solution with intravenous 10% glycerol on serum
      lipid peroxides, plasma prostaglandins (TXA2, PGI2), brain water content and
      brain metabolites were studied. Glycerol did not influence the levels of lipid
      peroxides, plasma prostaglandins and brain water content in the non ischemic
      rats. In the transient ischemia group, on the other hand, serum lipid peroxides
      were significantly reduced in the glycerol administrated group. On the study of
      plasma prostaglandins, there was no difference of TXA2 levels between two groups,
      but PGI2 levels were significantly increased in the glycerol administrated group.
      Brain water content was significantly decreased. And on the study of brain
      metabolites, ATP concentrations remained higher and lactate concentrations were
      lower in the glycerol administrated group compared with those in the control
      group. But there was no difference with pyruvate concentrations between two
      groups, furthermore L/P ratio improved in the glycerol administrated group.
      Besides the effect on reduction of brain edema as for hyperosmolar solution,
      glycerol may indicate improvement of ischemic impediments on brain by the action
      of antioxidation and reinforcement of PGI2.

PMID- 3370172
TI  - Clinical implications of catheter variability on neonatal continuous
      arteriovenous hemofiltration.
AB  - The clinical impact of catheter diameter variability on performance of neonatal
      continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) systems was shown by demonstration
      of the effect of catheter inner diameter on catheter and CAVH system blood flow.
      Diameter of 3.5 Fr and 5 Fr catheters was determined by experimental measurement
      of catheter flow-pressure drop relationship with known equations for fluid flow.
      Physical measurements verified the accuracy of the calculated diameters. These
      diameters were then used in a mathematical simulation to describe blood flow
      through an entire neonatal CAVH system and predict clinical performance.
      Catheters of 5 Fr caliber had a 39% variation in diameter among manufacturers,
      resulting in a 370% variation in blood flows; 3.5 Fr catheters had a 29%
      variation in internal diameter with a corresponding blood flow variation of 290%.
      Computer simulation of a neonatal CAVH system revealed a maximum blood flow of
      0.8-3.0 ml/min with available 5 Fr catheters. This wide variation is probably
      responsible for the lack of consistent results in neonatal CAVH systems to date.

PMID- 3370173
TI  - Long-term follow-up of survivors of postcardiotomy circulatory support.
AB  - Although it is now possible to obtain, with mechanical circulatory support
      devices, survival of postcardiotomy patients who develop profound cardiogenic
      shock, their long-term functional status has not been firmly established. We
      studied 22 patients who survived cardiac operations by the use of circulatory
      support devices. Their ages ranged from 3 days to 69 years at the time of device
      support. Operations performed were coronary artery bypass (9 pts), valve
      replacement (4 pts), congenital defect correction (8 pts), and cardiac
      transplantation (1 pt). Ten patients were supported with a Pierce-Donachy
      ventricular assist device (VAD) (left 4, right 3, both 3), nine with
      extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and three with centrifugal pumps
      (left 2, both 1). Duration of support ranged from 22 to 189 hours (mean 84.4).
      There were four late deaths; two of the deaths were cardiac-related within 6
      months and two were due to cancer at 46 and 53 months following discharge. The
      remaining 18 survivors were followed for 6 to 74 months (mean 29.9). Prior to
      operation three of the patients were New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I,
      eight were Class II, six patients were Class III, and five were Class IV.
      Following discharge from the hospital 13 patients were Class I, two were Class
      II, and three were Class III; no patients were Class IV. Five patients work full
      time, three are retired without limitation, four attend school, and three are pre
      school. Only three patients suffer from moderate cardiac disability. These data
      suggest that patients surviving mechanical circulatory assistance for
      postoperative cardiogenic shock have an excellent chance for functional recovery.

PMID- 3370174
TI  - Predictors for weaning patients from ventricular assist devices.
AB  - In order to determine if hemodynamic parameters can accurately predict whether
      patients can be successfully weaned from ventricular assists devices (VADs), we
      studied 24 patients supported with Pierce-Donachy VADs (11 left VAD; 6 right VAD;
      7 biventricular VAD) following cardiogenic shock for periods from 1.3 to 22 days
      (mean 5.4). Myocardial recovery was determined by daily measurements of "pump
      on/pump off" parameters, and the data from seven LVAD patients (64%) and three
      RVAD patients (50%) whose hearts recovered were compared to the data from those
      whose did not. Additionally, data from the five patients (71%) weaned from
      biventricular support were compared to those weaned from only a single LVAD or
      RVAD. In this study, daily pump on/pump off hemodynamic measurements were found
      to be predictive of success for weaning patients from VADs. The most significant
      predictors were increases in mixed venous oxygen saturation, cardiac index, mean
      arterial pressure and ventricular ejection fraction, as well as decreases in
      atrial pressures. Seventy percent of the patients weaned from VADs survived,
      indicating that patients appropriately weaned from VAD support have a reasonable
      chance of survival.

PMID- 3370176
TI  - Report from the International Study Group on Implantable Insulin Delivery
      Devices.

PMID- 3370175
TI  - National experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for newborn
      respiratory failure. Data from 715 cases.
AB  - In a national registry, data were collected on 715 newborn patients with severe
      respiratory failure supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 18
      neonatal centers. This represents almost all infants treated with ECMO between
      1980 and 1987. Eighty-one percent of the patients survived. This result is
      statistically significantly better than any other treatment which produces less
      than 78.4% survival. The most common diagnoses were meconium aspiration (310
      patients, 91% survived), respiratory distress syndrome (96 patients, 78%
      survived), diaphragmatic hernia (121 patients, 65% survived), and sepsis (64
      patients, 72% survived). Average pre-ECMO characteristics were: age 59 hours;
      PaO2 42 torr, PaCO2 41 torr, pH 7.40; ventilator settings FiO2 1.0, pressure 45/4
      cmH2O, rate 93. Technical complications occurred in 23.1%, and physiologic
      complications occurred in 65.6%. Results improved with experience. Survival rate
      for the first ten patients from each center was 73.5% compared to 83.7% for all
      subsequent patients. Survival rate did not, however, significantly differ after
      an institutional experience of 20 patients. These observations were made on a
      large cohort that could not be accumulated at an individual center. These results
      indicate that ECMO and lung rest is appropriate and successful treatment for
      newborn respiratory failure unresponsive to other means of management, and that
      almost all respiratory failure is reversible in near-term neonates.

PMID- 3370177
TI  - The 1987 USA National CAPD Registry report.
AB  - The National CAPD Registry has noted encouraging trends in CAPD therapy in the
      U.S. Recently, trained patients have reported lower peritonitis rates, fewer days
      hospitalized for dialysis-related events, and lower probability of developing a
      first episode of a complication. If accumulating experience, better patient
      selection, and new technologic developments further these trends, then the
      relatively high transfer rates should begin to decrease since many transfers are
      related to peritonitis and other complications. The Registry's observations
      suggest that CAPD is an evolving therapy and that as complication rates and
      transfer rates decrease, CAPD may play an even greater role in the treatment of
      patients with end-stage renal disease.

PMID- 3370178
TI  - ASAIO Transactions initiates peer review.

PMID- 3370180
TI  - Cryoablation of the accessory pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: initial
      results and long term follow up.
AB  - Cryoablation of the accessory pathway was used in the management of 20 patients
      with pre-excitation syndromes. All patients had presented with paroxysmal
      atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; in addition, six had experienced atrial
      fibrillation. In 16 patients pre-excitation was overt and in four the accessory
      pathway was concealed. Intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping showed
      10 left free wall pathways, seven septal pathways, and four right free wall
      pathways. One patient had two right free wall accessory pathways. There was one
      postoperative death (from a ruptured cerebral haemangioma) and one patient had
      transient hemiparesis. There was early recurrence of arrhythmia or pre-excitation
      in six patients and five of these were among the first ten in the series. Four of
      the six underwent successful reoperation; 17 patients remain symptom free of all
      antiarrhythmic treatment. Two patients did not undergo reoperation--one became
      symptom free on drugs that had previously been ineffective and the other received
      an antitachycardia pacemaker. The mean period of follow up was six years.
      Accessory pathway function was not restored and atrioventricular nodal function
      was preserved in all patients, demonstrating the feasibility of this technique in
      the long term management of patients with the pre-excitation syndrome.

PMID- 3370179
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of short term intravenous amiodarone for hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of an intravenous amiodarone infusion (5 mg/kg for 10
      minutes) were measured in ten patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (two with
      a left ventricular outflow gradient at rest) five, 15, and 30 minutes after drug
      administration. Mean (SD) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rose significantly
      at five and 15 minutes (from 12.3 (6.2) mm Hg to 17.6 (9.2) and to 16.2 (8.6]
      with a subsequent tendency to fall to control values at 30 minutes. Mean right
      atrial and right ventricular end diastolic pressures increased from 3.6 (1.8) mm
      Hg to 7.3 (3.1) and from 6.3 (2.4) to 9.8 (3.2) mm Hg respectively at 30 minutes.
      The increase in filling pressures was paralleled by a decrease of left
      ventricular max dP/dt from 1522 (414) to 1372 (327) to 1316 (338) and to 1326
      (379) five, 15, and 30 minutes after infusion. Despite this slight negative
      inotropic effect, cardiac index and stroke volume index were unchanged or
      slightly increased, possibly because of the decrease in systemic vascular
      resistance (from 1326 (330) dyn s cm-5/m2 to 1152 (285]. In both patients with
      outflow gradient the pressure gradient at rest decreased (from 110 to 65 and from
      85 to 65 mm Hg) through a reduction of left ventricular systolic pressure. Thus
      short term intravenous infusion of amiodarone is safe in patients with
      hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The main changes were a mild depression of
      ventricular contractility, which was well tolerated and adequately compensated
      for by a decrease in afterload.

PMID- 3370181
TI  - Intermediate to late term results of Mustard's procedure for complete
      transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum.
AB  - Overall survival after Mustard's operation was assessed in 130 patients with
      complete transposition of the great arteries and an intact ventricular septum who
      were operated on at the Brompton Hospital in the 12 year period from January 1974
      to December 1985. Actuarial analysis showed a survival at five years of 79.1% (25
      deaths in 130 patients). Half the deaths occurred within a month of operation and
      half up to five years later. Operation under the age of three months carried a
      greater mortality (six deaths in 11 patients). Statistical analysis showed that
      these survival figures were consistent throughout the series and did not alter
      with the year of operation. In the light of recent trends in treatment of this
      lesion, it is concluded that for neonates an arterial switch procedure is now
      likely to carry the best chance of long term success. For the patient who
      presents after the age of three months, however, there may still be a place for
      the Mustard procedure.

PMID- 3370182
TI  - Doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect: new morphological
      criteria with echocardiographic and angiocardiographic correlation.
AB  - To gain a better understanding of the anatomy of doubly committed subarterial
      defects and its relation to findings at cross sectional echocardiography and
      angiocardiography, eight necropsy specimens from patients with this condition
      were examined, and preoperative echocardiograms and angiocardiograms from 313
      patients with surgically or necropsy confirmed outlet defect were reviewed. Of
      these, 48 had doubly committed subarterial defects. Morphological review showed
      that doubly committed defects are roofed by the arterial valves in fibrous
      continuity because of lack of both the outlet septum and the "septal" aspect of
      the subpulmonary infundibulum. Angiocardiography had a lower sensitivity (50%)
      than echocardiography (95%) for diagnosis of doubly committed defects, but each
      was highly specific. In five (14%) of 35 available echocardiograms the arterial
      valves were normally offset, but in the remainder they were at the same level.
      The ventriculoarterial connection was concordant in 37/48 (77%), discordant in
      five (10%) of 48, and double outlet right ventricle in six (13%) of 48.
      Displacement of the fibrous raphe between the arterial valves in relation to the
      ventricular septum below was associated with outflow obstruction in 14 patients
      (pulmonary in nine and aortic in five). These features were readily identified by
      echocardiography. Thus echocardiography is not only a more accurate method than
      angiocardiography of recognising these defects, but also shows that the arterial
      pole of the heart is architecturally abnormal.

PMID- 3370183
TI  - Correlations of lung morphology, pulmonary vascular resistance, and outcome in
      children with congenital heart disease.
AB  - Pulmonary vascular resistance was measured in air, oxygen, and after
      administration of vasodilators in 14 children with pulmonary hypertension and
      congenital heart disease. Lung morphology was examined by light microscopy and
      assessed quantitatively. In this selected group of patients (a) medial muscle
      thickness of greater than 20% in the intra-acinar arteries and Heath-Edwards
      changes of I or II were significantly associated with perioperative death from
      pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery; (b) children with lower percentage
      medial muscle thickness had a higher baseline resistance (r = -0.84) associated
      with Heath-Edwards grade III or higher changes (most of these patients were not
      offered corrective surgery); (c) when the lowest pulmonary vascular resistance
      was less than 3 units, Heath-Edwards grading was I or II (n = 4). When the
      pulmonary vascular resistance was greater than 6 units, however, there was no
      direct correlation with Heath-Edwards grading (n = 9). Four patients with a
      resistance of greater than 6 units had only grade I or II changes. Three had a
      medial muscle thickness above 20%, and were among those who died at or soon after
      operation. It is concluded that (a) patients with a lowest pulmonary vascular
      resistance of greater than 6 units have a bad prognosis whatever their lung
      morphology; and (b) some patients with Heath-Edwards grade I or II will have a
      high resistance (this group has a high medial muscle mass and a poor prognosis
      and would not be detected by Heath-Edwards grading alone).

PMID- 3370185
TI  - Familial atrial standstill caused by amyloidosis.
AB  - Three of nine siblings were affected by atrial standstill. Clinical,
      electrophysiological, and histological findings in two of these cases were
      studied. Electrophysiological studies showed persistent atrial standstill in one
      and partial atrial standstill in the other. Biopsy specimens of the right atria
      showed amyloid deposits, but specimens of the right ventricles and skin did not.
      Neither patient had peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal disorder, or renal
      dysfunction. Familial atrial standstill is usually associated with peripheral
      neuropathy. In the two cases studied amyloid deposition mainly affected the
      atrium, rather than the ventricles or other organs, and caused atrial standstill.

PMID- 3370184
TI  - Cardiomyopathy in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
AB  - The Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial myopathy characterised by ptosis,
      chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, abnormal retinal pigmentation, and
      cardiac conduction defects. A unique case is reported in which there was rapid
      development of progressive congestive cardiac failure that required cardiac
      transplantation. A review of published reports of mitochondrial myopathy shows
      that a minority of cases (less than 20%) have cardiac involvement. This had
      previously been limited to abnormalities of cardiac conduction with progressive
      heart block. Myocardial biopsy has, however, shown ultrastructural evidence of a
      generalised mitochondrial disorder which hitherto has not been associated with a
      functional deficit.

PMID- 3370187
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction after a wasp sting.
AB  - A 56 year old man with ischaemic heart disease and known allergy to wasp venom
      was stung in the mouth by a wasp and within four hours sustained an acute
      myocardial infarction. This complication has been described on only three
      previous occasions. Possible pathogenic mechanisms include the anaphylactic
      reaction itself, the action of wasp venom constituents, and therapeutic
      intervention with adrenaline.

PMID- 3370186
TI  - Triggered activity as a mechanism of recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Triggered activity was shown to be the likely mechanism of recurrent tachycardia
      in a 28 year old Vietnamese man. During baseline electrophysiological testing the
      tachycardia was induced consistently by prolonged atrial or ventricular pacing
      but not by premature extrastimuli. Moreover, the tachycardia coupling intervals
      varied directly with the cycle length of the initiating drive. Procainamide and
      propranolol did not suppress tachycardia, but verapamil terminated it and
      prevented its reinitiation. The origin of the tachycardia was localised to the
      left ventricular inferoapical segment and four direct current countershocks of
      200 J each delivered via an electrode catheter abolished the tachycardia. During
      12 months of follow up the patient was not treated with antiarrhythmic agents and
      the tachycardia did not recur.

PMID- 3370188
TI  - Coronary artery aneurysms and myocardial infarction: adult sequelae of Kawasaki
      disease?
AB  - Coronary artery aneurysms developed in a 43 year old man who had suffered an
      acute myocardial infarction at the age of 30. In childhood he had had an illness
      that was consistent with Kawasaki disease, and it is suggested that the proximal
      discrete aneurysms and myocardial infarction may be the adult sequelae of this.

PMID- 3370189
TI  - Dehiscence of an atheromatous plaque at an aortic valve commissure: an unusual
      cause of acute aortic regurgitation.
AB  - A 78 year old man underwent aortic valve replacement because of acute aortic
      regurgitation and intractable heart failure. At operation the intact commissure
      between the left and right coronary cusps of a grossly normal aortic valve was
      found to have separated from the aortic wall. Histopathological examination of
      the surgical specimen showed that the site of separation was an atheromatous
      plaque. This is believed to be the first report of this feature.

PMID- 3370190
TI  - The relationship between inhibition of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase and
      reduction of clotting factor activity with warfarin.
AB  - 1 The effect of low dose steady state warfarin (0.2 mg and 1 mg daily) on
      clotting factor activity and vitamin K1 metabolism was studied in seven healthy
      volunteers. 2 Steady state plasma warfarin concentrations were 41-99 ng ml-1 for
      the 0.2 mg dose and 157-292 ng ml-1 for the 1 mg dose. 3 There was a significant
      prolongation of the mean prothrombin time (0.9 s) after 1 mg warfarin daily, but
      no significant change in prothrombin time after 0.2 mg warfarin daily. There was
      no significant change in individual clotting factor activity (II, VII, IX or X)
      with either dose of warfarin. 4 Following the administration of a pharmacological
      dose of vitamin K1 (10 mg), all seven volunteers had detectable levels of vitamin
      K1 2,3-epoxide with both doses of warfarin (Cpmax 31-409 ng ml-1). 5 Both the
      Cpmax and the AUC for vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide were significantly greater on 1 mg
      of warfarin daily than 0.2 mg daily (P less than 0.01). 6 The apparent
      dissociation between inhibition of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase and reduction
      of clotting factor activity, produced by warfarin, may reflect the insensitivity
      of functional clotting factor assays to a small reduction in clotting factor
      concentration.

PMID- 3370191
TI  - Saturation of the tubular excretion of beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - 1 The saturability of the tubular excretion of cloxacillin, benzylpenicillin and
      cephradine was investigated. 2 Volunteers received a continuous infusion of one
      of the antibiotics at increasing infusion rates in order to maintain constant
      plasma concentrations at three different levels. Blood and urine samples were
      taken every 30 min. Sufficient urinary flow was ensured by a saline infusion (500
      ml h-1). 3 Renal clearance of the antibiotic was calculated for the non-protein
      bound fraction of the drug. 4 Tubular clearance and tubular excretion rate were
      estimated by using the renal clearance of the antibiotic minus the glomerular
      filtration rate; the latter was considered to be equal to creatinine clearance. 5
      Data were fitted to a Scatchard transformation and, by nonlinear methods, to a
      Michaelis-Menten equation. 6 Parameters of saturability, i.e. EC50 and maximal
      tubular excretion rate, were established. The values found for EC50 were 7.7,
      93.0 and 266 mg l-1 for cloxacillin, benzylpenicillin and cephradine,
      respectively. The values calculated for the maximal tubular excretion rate were
      1017, 5535 and 4537 mg h-1, respectively.

PMID- 3370192
TI  - The effect of probenecid on the renal tubular excretion of benzylpenicillin.
AB  - 1 The aim of this study was to establish whether the renal tubular excretion of
      benzylpenicillin is saturable and whether the effect of probenecid on the tubular
      excretion of benzylpenicillin is dose-dependent. 2 Each of four volunteers
      underwent three experiments. In each experiment benzylpenicillin was administered
      by continuous infusion, such that three different consecutive concentration
      levels were reached. In the first experiment no probenecid was given; in the
      second and third experiments, probenecid was administered by continuous infusion
      at a low and higher rate, respectively. 3 Plasma and urinary concentrations of
      benzylpenicillin were determined at 30 min intervals by high performance liquid
      chromatography. 4 By fitting the equation Rtub = Rtub,max.Cp/(EC50 + Cp) to the
      values of the tubular excretion rate found for benzylpenicillin (Rtub) vs the
      free plasma concentration (Cp), the values of Rtub,max and EC50 could be
      calculated: 3350 (+/- 606) mg h-1 for Rtub,max and 48.0 (+/- 17.8) mg l-1 for
      EC50 (in the absence of probenecid). 5 The EC50 for benzylpenicillin increased
      significantly with increasing doses of probenecid. 6 The dose of probenecid at
      which 50% of the excretory system is occupied by probenecid in the absence of
      benzylpenicillin (ED50) ranged from 13.2 to 108.5 mg h-1. 7 The EC50 of
      probenecid in one subject could actually be measured: 52.3 mg l-1. 8
      Extrapolating these results to the clinical situation, the commonly used daily
      dose of 2 g of probenecid is likely to be close to the maximal effective dose for
      inhibition of the tubular excretion of benzylpenicillin.

PMID- 3370193
TI  - Mephenytoin hydroxylation in the Cuna Amerindians of Panama.
AB  - 1 Mephenytoin p(4')-hydroxylation, which is deficient in 3-5% of Caucasians, was
      examined in 96 Cuna Amerindians of Panama. 2 Attempts were made to exclude poor
      compliance with urine collection and ingestion of the drug dose since the
      assignment of phenotype was based upon urinary recovery of the metabolite. These
      involved the measurement of the urinary recovery of sparteine, added to the
      ingested capsule, and of the renal excretion of creatinine. 3 Of the 90 Cunas
      deemed to be reasonably complaint, none of them appeared to be deficient in p(4')
      hydroxylation of mephenytoin.

PMID- 3370194
TI  - N-acetylation phenotyping with dapsone in a mainland Chinese population.
AB  - 1 The N-acetylation of dapsone (DDS) was studied in 108 unrelated Chinese
      subjects residing in the mainland of China. 2 The frequency of slow acetylators
      determined using the plasma monoacetyldapsone to DDS ratio (MADDS/DDS, slow
      acetylators less than 0.30 and rapid acetylators greater than 0.35) at 3 h after
      an oral dose of DDS (100 mg) was 13.0% (14 of the 108 subjects) with a 95%
      confidence interval of 7.9 to 20.6%. 3 The mean plasma concentration of MADDS was
      about three times lower in the slow than in the rapid acetylators and there was a
      highly significant correlation (rs = 0.886, P less than 0.001) between plasma
      MADDS concentration and acetylation ratio. 4 Urinary acetylation ratios
      (MADDS/DDS) and cumulative urinary excretion of MADDS were significantly (P less
      than 0.001) lower in slow acetylators compared with rapid acetylators. In
      addition, there was a significant relationship (rs = 0.510 to 0.718, P less than
      0.001) between plasma and urinary acetylation ratios. However, the distribution
      of the urinary acetylation ratio was not bimodal. 5 The urinary acetylation ratio
      after an oral dose of DDS is not a discriminative index for determining
      acetylation phenotype.

PMID- 3370195
TI  - Pregnancy outcome in elderly primigravidae with and without a history of
      infertility.
AB  - The pregnancy outcome of 196 primigravidae aged 35 years or over, with no history
      of involuntary infertility, was compared with that of 196 matched primigravidae
      aged 20-25 years, and also with 72 'elderly' primigravidae (greater than or equal
      to 35 years) whose pregnancies had followed a period of involuntary infertility
      of at least 1 year. The older primigravidae with no history of infertility had a
      four-fold risk of preterm (less than 37 weeks) delivery, a five-fold risk of
      caesarean section and significantly increased rates of vaginal operative
      delivery, chronic hypertension and fibroids, when compared with the primigravidae
      between 20 and 25 years of age. They also showed a greater tendency to severe
      preeclampsia and perinatal death, but these differences were not statistically
      significant. Elective caesarean section was twice as common in the older women
      with a history of infertility than in those without such a history (20.8%
      compared with 10.7%) although this difference was not statistically significant.
      No other differences in pregnancy outcome were found between the two 'elderly'
      groups.

PMID- 3370196
TI  - Alcohol counselling of 85 pregnant problem drinkers: effect on drinking and fetal
      outcome.
AB  - Eighty-five pregnant problem drinkers were given intensive counselling throughout
      gestation to persuade them to reduce or stop their alcohol intake. Nevertheless,
      7% of their blood specimens collected at follow-up visits contained ethanol.
      Fifty-five women (65%) were able to reduce their alcohol consumption by at least
      50%. Alcohol abuse was associated in a dose-dependent manner with fetal growth
      retardation detectable by ultrasonography from 27 weeks gestation. Twenty infants
      (24%) had a complete fetal alcohol syndrome and 22 (26%) had some features of
      'fetal alcohol effects' (FAE). In addition, the rate of structural malformations
      was high (13%). Of the women with continuous alcohol abuse 89% gave birth to
      infants with at least one feature of FAE compared with only 40% of those who
      decreased their alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3370197
TI  - Normal range of fetal transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension during labour.
AB  - Fetal transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tc-PCO2) was monitored during 122
      deliveries, using an electrode temperature of 44 degrees C in 80 cases and of 41
      degrees C in 42 cases. Significant correlations between tc-PCO2 and umbilical
      artery blood PCO2 were found using both electrode temperatures, but the
      regression lines indicated a larger and more inconstant CO2-contribution from
      skin metabolism when the low electrode temperature was used. Normal range of tc
      PCO2 was calculated at 41 degrees C and 44 degrees C electrode temperatures. Mean
      values of fetal tc-PCO2 were found to increase during normal labour, and
      especially in fetuses developing acidosis, but only four of six infants born with
      acidaemia had tc-PCO2 values exceeding the normal range.

PMID- 3370198
TI  - Plasma fructosamine in non-diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma fructosamine and its relation to plasma total protein and albumin was
      examined in 40 non-diabetic pregnant women. Plasma fructosamine did not correlate
      with haemoglobin A1 or plasma albumin. The mean intra-individual ranges were
      plasma fructosamine 0.53 mmol/l (SD 0.17); haemoglobin A1 1.42% (SD 0.42); plasma
      fructosamine/g albumin 0.024 mmol (SD 0.005) and plasma fructosamine/g total
      protein 0.008 mmol (SD 0.003). A high degree of individuality for these variables
      was also observed.

PMID- 3370199
TI  - Early pregnancy termination: a comparison between vacuum aspiration and medical
      abortion using prostaglandin (16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1 methyl ester) or
      the antiprogestogen RU 486.
AB  - Three different regimens for termination of early pregnancy by medical means were
      compared to vacuum aspiration. Women seeking therapeutic abortion of pregnancy
      (less than or equal to 56 days amenorrhoea) were allocated to one of four
      treatment groups: (1) vacuum aspiration (n = 28); (2) 1 mg vaginal pessary of a
      prostaglandin analogue (gemeprost) every 3 h for up to 5 pessaries (n = 30); (3)
      the antigestogen (RU 486--mefipristone) 150 mg per day for 4 days by mouth (n =
      20); (4) RU 486 in the same dose as group 3 together with 1 mg gemeprost on day 3
      (n = 19). Complete abortion occurred more often in women treated with vacuum
      aspiration (96%), gemeprost alone (97%) and RU 486 plus gemeprost (95%) than in
      those treated with RU 486 alone (60%). In women receiving up to five gemeprost
      pessaries alone vomiting occurred in 7 (23%) and diarrhoea in 10 (33%); 16 (53%)
      required parenteral opiates for relief of pain. Side-effects and analgesic
      requirements were much reduced in the women who received RU 486 alone or in
      combination with a single gemeprost pessary. There was no difference in the
      number of days of vaginal bleeding after abortion between the four groups
      although there was wide individual variation (mean 10 days, range 1-34). These
      results confirm that medical induction of abortion in early pregnancy with
      prostaglandin vaginal pessaries is as effective as vacuum aspiration and that the
      dose can be reduced five-fold without loss of efficacy when used in combination
      with RU 486.

PMID- 3370200
TI  - Preterm caesarean section.
AB  - A retrospective study of 1921 caesarean sections at Rutherglen Maternity Hospital
      in Glasgow during the years 1979-1983, inclusive, showed that 229 (12%) were
      performed at less than 37 weeks gestation. Of these 229 preterm caesarean
      sections 41% were elective, 21% were for antepartum haemorrhage and 38% took
      place during labour. Of the 254 babies born 18 (7%) died in the neonatal period.
      These deaths comprised 31% of all neonatal deaths during the study period in this
      hospital. The neonatal death rate was 70% for babies weighing less than 1000 g (7
      of 10) and 23% for babies weighing 1000-1500 g (6 of 26), but only 3% for babies
      heavier than this (7 of 217). Of the 75 women with a subsequent pregnancy after
      the preterm caesarean section 56% were again delivered by caesarean section. In
      view of the maternal morbidity associated with caesarean section and the poor
      neonatal outcome at birthweights of less than 1500 g, the use of operative
      delivery for very low birthweight infants deserves further scrutiny.

PMID- 3370201
TI  - Concomitant zoonotic infections with ovine Chlamydia and 'Q' fever in pregnancy:
      clinical features, diagnosis, management and public health implications. Case
      report.

PMID- 3370202
TI  - Prolonged maternal indomethacin therapy associated with oligohydramnios. Case
      reports.

PMID- 3370203
TI  - The use of a functioning omental flap to drain a recurrent pelvic lymphocyst
      after radical hysterectomy. Case report.

PMID- 3370204
TI  - Emphysematous vaginitis masquerading as carcinoma of the cervix. Case report.

PMID- 3370205
TI  - Prediction of small-for-gestational-age infants using a specially calibrated tape
      measure.

PMID- 3370206
TI  - Hemolytic activity of a cyclic peptide Ro09-0198 isolated from
      Streptoverticillium.
AB  - Ro09-0198, a cyclic peptide isolated from culture filtrates of
      Streptoverticillium griseoverticillatum, induced lysis of erythrocytes.
      Preincubation of the peptide with phosphatidylethanolamine reduced the hemolytic
      activity, whereas other phospholipids present in erythrocytes in nature had no
      effect. A study of the structural requirements on phosphatidylethanolamine
      necessary for interaction with the peptide indicates that Ro09-0198 recognizes
      strictly a particular chemical structure of phosphatidylethanolamine:
      dialkylphosphoethanolamine as well as 1-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine showed the
      same inhibitory effect on hemolysis induced by Ro09-0198 as
      diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, whereas phosphoethanolamine gave no inhibitory
      effect. Neither phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine nor
      alkylphosphopropanolamine had an inhibitory effect. Consequently, the hydrophobic
      chain is necessary for the interaction and the phosphoethanolamine moiety is
      exactly recognized by the peptide. Ro-09-0198-induced hemolysis was temperature
      dependent and the sensitivity of hemolysis differed greatly among animal species.

PMID- 3370207
TI  - Modulation of water transport in human red cells: effect of urea.
AB  - We have studied the effect of urea on water flux in the human red cell and have
      found that 500 mosmolal urea inhibits osmotic water transport by 39%. The Ki for
      urea inhibition of water flux is 550 +/- 80 mosmolal, higher than, but comparable
      with, the Km of urea transport into the red cell of 220-330 mM given by Mayrand
      and Levitt (J. Gen. Physiol. 55 (1983) 427) and Brahm (J. Gen. Physiol. 82 (1983)
      1). Other amides, such as propionamide and valeramide, as well as methyl
      substituted ureas, have similar effects, although an indifferent molecule, such
      as 0.5 M creatinine, has no effect. Urea can be washed off the inhibition site
      with buffer, and the effects of urea concentrations as high as 1.2 osmolal are
      entirely reversible. 500 mosmolal urea also significantly increases the
      reflection coefficient for ethylene glycol, sigma eth gly, from 0.71 +/- 0.03 in
      control experiments to 0.86 +/- 0.04 (P less than 0.0005, t-test), and
      propionamide has a similar effect on sigma eth gly. These results show that urea
      can modulate ethylene glycol transport through the red cell membrane, and are
      consistent with, but not proof of, the presence of a single class of aqueous
      channels through which both ethylene glycol and urea enter the red cell. It is
      suggested that the physiological purpose of these low-affinity urea sites is to
      modulate water flow out of the red cell during passage through the regions of 0.5
      0.6 M urea in the kidney.

PMID- 3370208
TI  - Magnetic field induced ordering of bile salt/phospholipid micelles: new media for
      NMR structural investigations.
AB  - Micelles formed from sodium glycocholate and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine are
      demonstrated to form a magnetic field orientable liquid crystal within narrow
      ranges of composition and temperature. The utility of this medium in structural
      investigations of biological membrane components using deuterium NMR is
      discussed.

PMID- 3370209
TI  - The effect of gangliosides on the lamellar phase behaviour of
      phosphatidylethanolamines.
AB  - The thermotropic properties of aqueous phosphatidylethanolamine dispersions vary
      with hydration. Measured by EPR-spectroscopy freshly hydrated
      dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine dispersions exhibit a gel to liquid
      crystalline phase transition at Tml = 48 degrees C. Dehydration could be induced
      by prolonged incubation of a hydrated sample at 4 degrees C. The phase transition
      temperature of the dehydrated phase was determined to be Tmh = 54 degrees C. From
      the measured phase transition curves we followed the dehydration with time and
      found a cooperative nucleation process. A 50% dehydration was reached after 5
      days. This dehydration process could be prevented by gangliosides: 1.5 mol% of
      GT1b, 4 mol% of GM1 or 7 mol% of GD1a or GM3 but also 7 mol% of phosphatidic acid
      were able to stabilize the hydrated phase completely. The effect of gangliosides
      GM1, GM3, GD1a, GT1b and of the negatively charged phosphatidic acid on the phase
      behaviour of dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) dispersions were
      investigated. The phase transition temperature of freshly hydrated DMPE samples
      was successively decreased from 48 to 43 degrees C with increasing amounts of
      GD1a up to 10 mol% whereby the phase transition was significantly broadened.
      Gangliosides GM1, GM3 and GT1b as well as phosphatidic acid had minor effects.
      Dispersions of pure DMPE prepared below the transition temperature Tml form the
      dehydrated phase again with a melting temperature of Tmh = 54 degrees C. In the
      presence of 10 mol% GD1a or GT1b this value is reduced to Tml, the phase
      transition temperature of the hydrated phase. The reduction induced by GM3 is
      less pronounced. With GM1 or phosphatidic acid the samples remain partially
      dehydrated and the phase transition curves become biphasic up to 7 mol%
      ganglioside or phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 3370210
TI  - On the use of partition coefficients to characterize the distribution of
      fluorescent membrane probes between coexisting gel and fluid lipid phase: an
      analysis of the partition behavior of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
AB  - The distribution of the fluorescent membrane probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      between coexisting gel and fluid phospholipid phases in multilamellar vesicles
      has been examined using fluorescence quenching by spin-labeled
      phosphatidylcholine. For both thermally-induced and Ca2+-induced lipid phase
      separation, the ratio of probe concentration in the fluid liquid-crystal phase to
      that in the gel phase is found to be independent of either the probe
      concentration or the relative amounts of gel and fluid lipid phases, and hence is
      an equilibrium concentration ratio, or partition coefficient.

PMID- 3370211
TI  - Significance of non-esterified fatty acids in iron uptake by intestinal brush
      border membrane vesicles.
AB  - Iron uptake from Fe/ascorbate by mouse brush-border membrane vesicles is not
      greatly inhibited by prior treatment with a variety of protein-modification
      reagents or heat. Non-esterified fatty acid levels in mouse proximal small
      intestine brush-border membrane vesicles show a close positive correlation with
      initial Fe uptake rates. Loading of rabbit duodenal brush-border membrane
      vesicles with oleic acid increases Fe uptake. Depletion of mouse brush-border
      membrane vesicle fatty acids by incubation with bovine serum albumin reduces Fe
      uptake. Iron uptake by vesicles from Fe/ascorbate is enhanced in an O2-free
      atmosphere. Iron uptake from Fe/ascorbate and Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate (Fe3+-NTA)
      were closely correlated. Incorporation of oleic acid into
      phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (4:1) liposomes leads to greatly increased
      permeability to Yb3+, Tb3+, Fe2+/Fe3+ and Co2+. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are also
      transported by oleic acid-containing liposomes, but at much lower rates than
      transition and lanthanide metal ions. Fe3+ transport by various non-esterified
      fatty acids was highest with unsaturated acids. The maximal transport rate by
      saturated fatty acids was noted with chain length C14-16. It is suggested that Fe
      transport can be mediated by formation of Fe3+ (fatty acid)3 complexes.

PMID- 3370212
TI  - Molecular interactions between sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in
      phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - The molecular interactions between DPPC and sphingomyelin have been examined
      using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared
      spectroscopy (FT-IR). It has been observed using DSC that the mixtures of DPPC
      and sphingomyelin show a single peak, which indicates that they are very
      miscible. It has been shown, by means of FT-IR, that the incorporation of
      sphingomyelin into DPPC does not modify the gauche/all-trans ratio at
      temperatures either above or below that of the phase transition. However, the
      librational motion of the fatty acyl chains was affected, although only above the
      phase transition. Mixing sphingomyelin and DPPC induced a conformational change
      in the polar region of DPPC, as deduced from the changes observed in the
      frequencies of the sn-1 and sn-2 C = O groups of DPPC with relation to pure DPPC
      and also in the polar region of sphingomyelin as deduced from the change in the
      frequency of the amide band. The phosphate group of sphingomyelin was observed to
      participate in hydrogen bonds between the molecules of sphingomyelin and,
      possibly, DPPC. Some possibilities of the interaction between the molecules of
      DPPC and sphingomyelin are discussed.

PMID- 3370213
TI  - Ampicillin inhibits the movement of biliary secretory vesicles in rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - A number of biliary secretory processes are inhibited by administration of
      ampicillin to isolated perfused rat livers. Reduction in output was observed for
      phospholipid, cholesterol, the endogenous protein rat serum albumin and the
      exogenous protein bovine serum albumin, whilst secretin of bile salts was
      virtually unaffected. All of the affected materials are secreted by processes
      involving vesicles which are brought to the appropriate pole of the hepatocyte,
      and the observed inhibitory effects of ampicillin may, therefore, possibly be due
      to a blockage in the transport of these substances. The effects of ampicillin
      were much less marked on materials secreted at the sinusoidal pole of the cell.

PMID- 3370214
TI  - Effects of platelet activating factor and related lipids on phase transition of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
AB  - Recent evidence localizing the inflammatory mediator, platelet activating factor,
      (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) to the membranes of
      stimulated neutrophils raises the possibility that PAF may, in addition to its
      activities as a mediator, alter the physical properties of membranes.
      Accordingly, the effects of PAF and related alkyl ether and acyl analogs on phase
      transition thermodynamics of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were studied
      using fluorescence polarization of the fluorescent probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5
      hexatriene (DPH). PAF, its ester analog (1-palmitoyl-2-acetylphosphatidylcholine)
      and both the corresponding alkyl and acyl lysophospholipid analogs (each at a
      concentration of 10 mol%) significantly decreased the phase transition
      temperature and broadened the phase transition of DPPC (P less than 0.05). The
      relative potency of the lipids in causing this effect was ester-PAF greater than
      or equal to PAF greater than or equal to lyso-PAF greater than lyso-PC suggesting
      that the fluidization of the synthetic membranes was attributable to both the 2
      position acetyl group and the 1-position alkyl linkage. Furthermore, using
      various related compounds, increases in chain length and degree of unsaturation
      in the 2-position were shown to enhance the depression in transition temperature
      and broadening of the phase transition. Phase transition thermodynamics were also
      assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. Similar depression in the phase
      transition temperature was measured for PAF and both the alkyl and acyl
      lysophospholipids. Broadening of the phase transition for DPPC by the various
      analogs was assessed by calculation of transition peak width and cooperative
      unit. Data from fluorescence polarization and differential scanning calorimetry
      provide similar though not identical results and support the hypothesis that the
      unique features of PAF may alter membrane physical properties and could
      ultimately explain some of its biologic actions.

PMID- 3370215
TI  - The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the kinetics of tubulin assembly.
AB  - The kinetics of tubulin assembly were examined in the absence and presence of
      dimethyl sulfoxide at 37 degrees C. Inclusion of 1.4 M (10%) dimethyl sulfoxide
      lowered the critical protein concentration about 8-10-fold, from 9.4 microM in
      the absence of the organic solvent to 1.1 microM in its presence. This decrease
      was due solely to an effect on k-, the off rate constant. The on rate constant
      k+, was essentially unaffected. Another effect of dimethyl sulfoxide was in the
      nucleation process. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of elongation, kapp
      (k+[m]), was greatly increased by inclusion of dimethyl sulfoxide. This was due
      to an increase in the microtubule number concentration, [m]. The microtubules
      formed in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide were much shorter than those formed
      in its absence, accounting for the higher number concentration. The nucleation
      number, n, was calculated by plots of ln kapp vs. ln c0 or ln t10% vs. ln c0, and
      the value appeared to be about 4 to 5, although some variability was found. It
      was shown that a plot of kapp vs. c0 to determine n, is not appropriate because
      of the inability to distinguish between linear and curved plots in the range of
      tubulin concentration used in assembly studies.

PMID- 3370216
TI  - Conformation heterogeneity in proteins as an origin of heterogeneous fluorescence
      decays, illustrated by native and denatured ribonuclease T1.
AB  - We examined the frequency-domain intensity decays of the intrinsic tryptophan
      fluorescence (Trp-59) from ribonuclease T1 (EC 3.1.27.3) (RNAase T1). At pH 5.5
      in the native state (below 30 degrees C), the intensity decay of the single
      tryptophan residue is a single-exponential process. Conditions which result in
      protein unfolding were found to induce more complex intensity decays. At
      temperatures above 40 degrees C, or in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride,
      the intensity decays became obviously double exponential. In general, the main
      effect of temperature or guanidine was to induce a second subnanosecond component
      in the intensity decay. The increased complexity of the decays could not be
      explained by a unimodal distribution of decay times. These results indicate that
      conformational dispersion of protein structure can be one origin of the multi
      exponential decays which are generally observed for protein fluorescence.

PMID- 3370217
TI  - Kinetics of adsorption of proteins at interfaces: role of protein conformation in
      diffusional adsorption.
AB  - To elucidate the role of protein conformation in the kinetics of adsorption at
      interfaces, seven structural intermediates of bovine serum albumin were prepared
      and their adsorption at the air/water interface was studied. Molecular area
      calculations indicated two distinct molecular processes, the first being the
      creation of an area, delta A1, for anchoring the molecule during the initial
      phase of adsorption and the second being the delta A2 cleared during subsequent
      reorientation and rearrangement of adsorbed molecules at the interface. The delta
      A1 values for all the albumin intermediates were the same, indicating that the
      initial work pi delta A1 needed to anchor the molecule at the interface was
      independent of solution conformation of the protein. Unlike delta A1, delta A2
      exhibited a bell-shaped relationship with the extent of refolded state of the
      intermediates. Calculation of diffusion coefficients indicated that greater the
      unfolded state of the albumin intermediate, the greater was the diffusion
      coefficient. It is shown that the simple diffusion theory is inadequate to
      explain quantitatively the kinetics of protein adsorption. Specific, conformation
      dependent, solute-solvent and solute-interface interactions also seem to
      influence the kinetics of adsorption of proteins.

PMID- 3370218
TI  - Heterogeneity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from human brain.
AB  - In an attempt to characterize enzymes from human brain capable of dehydrogenating
      short chain aliphatic aldehydes, four groups of enzymes which catalyze inorganic
      phosphate-dependent reversible dehydrogenation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as
      well as short chain aldehydes have been purified and characterized. Three enzyme
      groups are visualized as multiple bands on isoelectric focusing: E6.6 (pI 6.65,
      6.75, 6.85); E6.8 (pI 6.8, 6.9); E8.5 (pI 8.5, 8.6); one enzyme, E9.0, is seen as
      a single band pI 9.0. The subcellular localization of E6.8, E8.5 and E9.0 appears
      to be mitochondrial. The mitochondrial enzymes differ slightly in molecular
      weight: E6.8 is 142,000 with subunits of 36,000 and 38,000; E8.5 is 120,000 with
      a subunit weight of 29,500; E9.0 is 133,000 with a subunit of 33,000. The E8.5
      and E9.0 enzymes also appear to contain Zr as part of their molecular structure.
      E6.6 (subcellular localization uncertain) is a dimer with a molecular weight of
      98,000 and two subunits of 58,000 and 61,000. The specific activity with
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is: E6.6, 8.6 IU/mg; E6.8, 13 IU/mg; E8.5, 158 IU/mg;
      E9.0, 620 IU/mg. With glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid
      and Km values of all the enzymes are similar (10-40 microM), except for E6.8
      whose Km for glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is very sensitive to pH and is extremely
      low at pH 7.0 (2 microM), while being considerably higher than that for the other
      enzymes at pH 9.0 (170 microM). The molecular properties, Km values as well as
      high specific activity with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate identify E6.8, E8.5 and
      E9.0 as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.12). The catalytic
      properties of E6.6 are similar to those of E6.8, E8.5 and E9.0, but its molecular
      properties are different, precluding definite identification.

PMID- 3370219
TI  - Pressure effects on substrate activation phenomena in the alpha-chymotrypsin
      catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate.
AB  - With and without p-chlorophenol as an activator, the rates of hydrolysis of p
      nitrophenyl acetate catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin were measured at pressures up
      to 2 kbar at 25 degrees C. From the pressure dependence of the rate constant
      (kcat)A and (kcat)0 of the product formation with and without an activator, the
      activation volumes (delta V not equal to cat)A and (delta not equal to cat)0 were
      +2 and -6 +/- 1 cm3.mol-1. From the pressure dependence of the equilibrium
      constant (KA) of incorporation of p-chlorophenol into the enzyme, the volume
      change (delta VA) was -10 +/- 1 cm3.mol-1. The mechanisms of the substrate
      activation are discussed in terms of the activation and reaction volumes.

PMID- 3370220
TI  - A ligand field analysis of the spectroscopic differences between rubredoxin and
      desulforedoxin in the reduced state.
AB  - We propose a ligand field model to interpret the differences between the
      spectroscopic properties of reduced rubredoxin and desulforedoxin. The
      experimental data are well reproduced by using a common set of ligand field
      parameters and slightly different values of the mixing parameter theta for the
      two proteins. In this class of iron-sulfur clusters, the rhombic distortion could
      be modulated by variations of the S-Fe-S angles.

PMID- 3370221
TI  - The role of cytoplasmic pH in the inhibitory action of high osmolarity on
      secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - Elevated osmolarity is known to inhibit secretion from a wide range of cells
      including bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The mechanism of this inhibition is
      unclear but the elevated osmolarity has been proposed to oppose an osmotic
      driving force involved in exocytotic fusion. Using the fluorescent indicators
      quene 1 and fura2, we monitored the effect of elevated osmolarity on cytoplasmic
      pH (pHi) and cytoplasmic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). Elevated osmolarity increased both
      pHi and [Ca2+]i, but had no effect on the [Ca2+]i rise elicited by either K+ or
      nicotine. Elevating pHi with NH4Cl was shown to inhibit secretion from chromaffin
      cells. The elevation of pHi by hyperosmolar solutions is proposed as one of the
      mechanisms by which elevated osmolarity inhibits secretion.

PMID- 3370223
TI  - 13C-NMR study of taurine and chlorotaurine in human cells.
AB  - 13C-NMR with 13C-enriched taurine [( 13C]taurine) has been utilized to study the
      formation and reactions of N-chlorotaurine in solution and in human cells.
      Taurine reacts instantaneously with HOCl at pH 7.0 to form N-chlorotaurine, which
      is stable in solution by itself. In the presence of alpha-amino acids, a chlorine
      transfer reaction taken place to produce N-chloroamino acids, which quickly
      convert to the corresponding aldehydes. [13C]Taurine was incubated with human
      neutrophils and with cultured human lymphoblastoid cells and 13C-NMR spectra of
      the whole cell mixtures were acquired in order to examine the formation of N
      chlorotaurine from reaction between taurine and the endogenous HOCl produced by
      myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reactions (Zgliczynski, J.M., et al. (1968) Eur. J.
      Biochem. 4, 540; Weiss, S.J., et al. (1982) J. Clin. Invest. 70, 598). The
      presence of N-chlorotaurine in the cells was not detected on the 13C-NMR spectra.
      On the other hand, N-chloro[13C]taurine incubated with the cells was found to be
      converted to taurine, which must have been produced by a chlorine transfer
      reaction of the N-chlorotaurine to other cellular components such as amino acids,
      peptides or proteins. A 13C-NMR study of taurine uptake in human lymphoblastoid
      cells indicated that taurine is incorporated into a freely mobile intracellular
      pool. These results suggest that the presence of abundant taurine in a freely
      mobile intracellular pool may serve as a buffer in preventing oxidative damage to
      the cells from attacks by HOCl or other oxidants.

PMID- 3370222
TI  - The effects of endotoxin on platelet-activating factor synthesis in cultured rat
      glomerular mesangial cells.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent vasoactive phospholipid, may
      contribute to acute renal failure and septic shock accompanying endotoxemia. Rat
      glomerular mesangial cells in culture synthesize PAF and contract after the
      addition of PAF. We thus investigated the potential of mesangial cells to respond
      to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin with enhanced PAF synthesis in
      vitro. The mesangial cells were incubated with [3H]acetate, substrate for lyso
      PAF: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, and endotoxin at different concentrations for
      various periods of time at 37 degrees C. Lipids were extracted and PAF was
      isolated by thin-layer chromatography. Endotoxin stimulated PAF generation in a
      time- and dose-related manner. Whereas most of the PAF was associated with the
      cells, endotoxin more than doubled the amount of PAF released into the
      extracellular medium as compared to control. Furthermore, the PAF-like material
      obtained from endotoxin-stimulated mesangial cells irreversibly aggregated washed
      rabbit platelets. This effect was lost after alkaline methanolysis and was
      totally blocked by L-652,731, a specific PAF-receptor antagonist. Finally, the
      PAF-like material exerted a hypotensive effect, which was abolished by L-652,731,
      when infused intravenously into healthy rats. These data indicate that rat
      glomerular mesangial cells have the ability to synthesize PAF in response to
      endotoxin. This suggests that PAF, so generated within the glomerulus, may
      contribute to acute decrements of glomerular filtration rate in endotoxemia.

PMID- 3370224
TI  - Kinetic evidence for cytoplasmic calcium as an inhibitory messenger in
      parathyroid hormone release.
AB  - A sudden change of extracellular Ca2+ from 0.5 to 3.0 mM resulted in a transient
      rise of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+i) followed by a sustained
      increase in parathyroid cells loaded with the Ca2+-indicator fura-2. The initial
      transient could be eliminated by increasing the Ca2+ buffering capacity of the
      cytoplasm. Under such conditions the rise of Ca2+i exhibited kinetics reminiscent
      of those for 45Ca uptake and cell depolarization. Addition of 0.5 mM Mn2+
      mimicked the effect of raising the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, since there
      was an initial Ca2+i transient followed by a slower entry of Mn2+ into the cells.
      This reaction pattern was different from that of pancreatic alpha 2-cells in
      which there was no substantial influx of Mn2+ before depolarization with
      arginine. When measuring the kinetics of parathyroid hormone (PTH) release it was
      apparent that Ca2+ inhibition of secretion followed Ca2+i and thus became
      substantially delayed after eliminating the initial transient. The results
      support the concept of a depolarizing Ca2+ permeability in the parathyroid cell
      membrane which can be activated by external Ca2+, and indicate that Ca2+i is an
      inhibitory messenger of importance for the physiological regulation of PTH
      release.

PMID- 3370225
TI  - Effect of phorbol myristate acetate and concanavalin A on the glycolytic enzymes
      of human peripheral lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of Concanavalin A and the tumor promoting agent, phorbol 12-myristate
      13-acetate (PMA), on glycolytic enzymes in human peripheral lymphocytes have been
      studied. A combination of Concanavalin A plus PMA stimulates DNA and protein
      synthesis to a significantly greater extent than when each are added
      individually. PMA and concanavalin A together, but not individually, also
      increase the levels of the activity of the glycolytic enzymes in peripheral
      lymphocytes treated for 48 h. The increase in hexokinase activity induced by PMA
      plus concanavalin A appeared to be due to the expression of the isoenzyme form,
      hexokinase II. The results suggest that the expression of glycolytic enzymes in
      stimulated lymphocytes is a late event (perhaps associated with the S phase)
      which is regulated by a cellular signal system controlled by the combined action
      of PMA plus concanavalin A.

PMID- 3370226
TI  - Accumulation of ornithine by chick retinal pigment epithelium cells in culture.
AB  - This study was designed to measure the accumulation of ornithine in retinal
      pigment epithelium cells grown in culture. Ornithine accumulated in retinal
      pigment epithelium cells in which the ornithine aminotransferase activity was
      inhibited with L-canaline. The effect of L-canaline was eliminated by the
      concomitant presence of methionine.

PMID- 3370227
TI  - Topography of protein kinase C substrates analyzed by membrane splitting.
AB  - We have used the methods of planar cell and membrane monolayer formation and
      monolayer splitting to study structural details of the transmembrane signaling
      process mediated by protein kinase C. We analyzed human red cell membrane
      proteins phosphorylated by phorbol ester activation of protein kinase C. Planar
      single membrane preparations, extraction procedures, and gel electrophoresis
      coupled with silver staining and autoradiography confirmed that two bands in the
      100 kDa region, and bands 4.1, and 4.9, were peripheral and phosphorylated by
      treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). TPA also stimulated
      minor incorporation of [32 P]Pi into most integral membrane proteins, including
      band 3, glycophorin A, the band 4.5 region (glucose transporter) and band 7.
      Planar cell and membrane-splitting methods revealed that neither integral nor
      peripheral phosphorylated polypeptides were cleaved by freeze fracture, that all
      phosphorylated peripheral proteins partitioned intact with the cytoplasmic side
      of the membrane, and that the percentages of [32P]Pi-labeled peripheral proteins
      were the same in split membrane cytoplasmic leaflets as in intact membranes. As a
      unique approach to examining protein topographies membrane splitting provides
      strong evidence that the major phosphorylated products of the
      polyphosphatidylinositide pathway are topographically associated with the
      cytoplasmic leaflet of the human erythrocyte plasma membrane. We further conclude
      that TPA-induced phosphorylation of red cell peripheral proteins does not
      significantly alter their transbilayer partitioning patterns after membrane
      splitting.

PMID- 3370228
TI  - [The theory of pinocytosis. Factors determining the dynamics of pinocytosis in
      capillary endothelium].
AB  - Peculiarities of the mechanism and conditions of pinocytosis vesicules formation
      in capillary endothelium are considered in relation to: 1) the size of a protein
      cluster which is formed from plasma proteins on the endotheliocyte plasma
      membrane surface, and initiates a caveole formation; 2) the value of
      intracapillary hydrostatic pressure providing energetics of the caveole
      transition in the vesicula and its comming off. The bound parameters of vesicules
      formation are calculated in comparison with the well-known experimental data. It
      is suggested that in other types of endocytosis the initial phase of the process
      (caveoles formation) is also connected with absorption of the protein molecules
      on the plasma membrane and their clusterisation. A possible explanation is given
      to the fact of vesicles quantitative increase in endothelium in hypertension.

PMID- 3370229
TI  - [Refractive index and thickness of the outer layer of particles of dispersed
      perfluorochemical-based blood substitutes].
AB  - A calculation of the refractive index of particles of a disperse
      perfluorochemical-based (PFC-based) blood substitute has been made taking into
      account particular features of the structure of PFC emulsion particles and the
      equations earlier obtained by one of the authors in the studies on light
      interaction with optically inhomogeneous 2- and 3-layer spheres. The possibility
      of averaging by volume the refractive index of 2-layer emulsion particles has
      been shown. The refractive index of PFC particles has been experimentally
      determined using independent optical methods, and the thickness of the particle
      shell formed by a surfactant has been evaluated.

PMID- 3370230
TI  - [Analysis of membrane heterogeneity and non-linearity of summation of
      postsynaptic potentials in a simulation model of the Purkinje cell].
AB  - Propagation and summation of EPSP was studied by means of a numerical model of
      rat Purkinje neuron. It was shown that the difference between the membrane
      resistivity of the soma and dendrites can be determined experimentally by the
      character of EPSP attenuation, while comparing intra- and extracellular
      recordings. It was also shown that at an increase of synaptic input the nonlinear
      increase of the potential is more pronounced in the soma that in the synaptic
      region. The role of this fact for the interpretation of the experimental data is
      discussed.

PMID- 3370231
TI  - [Energy invariability of various habitual movements].
AB  - It has been found that there were almost piece linear functions "moment of
      control forces-joint angle" during non-rhythmic human habitual movements whose
      basis was flexion or extension of elbow. It means that non-linear effects due to
      direct effects of time, muscle length and contraction velocity in net muscle
      force were eliminated by neural regulation. One of the main regulation tasks
      seems to achieve invariability of energy expenditure in regard to motion
      trajectories. So, the linearizing of control forces indicates uniparametric
      nature of control process. It was shown that in addition to linear dependences
      there were also non-linear functions "moment of control force-joint angle". This
      suggests that on the whole the control process is characterized by more than one
      parameter.

PMID- 3370232
TI  - [Mono-ocular color differentiation of three-dimensional objects in different
      illumination conditions].
AB  - General methods are described for calculating some functions of spectral
      parameters of illumination sources invariant to illumination changes within the
      limits of uniformly colored non-plane surface. Relation is shown between the
      number of linearly-independent acceptors of the system necessary for plotting
      such invariant and the complexity degree of illumination of the picture observed.

PMID- 3370233
TI  - [A new theorem in the theory of metabolism regulation: how external parameters
      control the flow and concentration of metabolites].
AB  - A simple theorem is derived concerning "global" and "local" coefficients of
      metabolic network. The coefficients of the flux and concentration response to
      changes in the external parameters (temperature, ionic strength, pH, external
      effectors) are considered. These coefficients are expressed through the sum of
      the control coefficients multiplied by the elasticity coefficients for all the
      enzymes of the metabolic pathway.

PMID- 3370234
TI  - [Biphasic changes in isometric tension after a temperature jump in skinned Ca
      activated skeletal muscles of the frog].
AB  - Joulean temperature jump from 4--7 degrees to 10--25 degrees C completed in 0.2
      ms induced biphasic rise of tension in suspended in the air segments of
      chemically skinned Ca-activated (pCa = 5.5 divided by 6) muscle fibres of the
      frog. Amplitudes of the 1st and 2nd phases grew up to 30--40% and 60--70% of the
      initial tension correspondingly when the amplitude of temperature jump increased
      to 17--21 degrees C. The time constant of the 1st phase (1.3--0.5 ms) decreased
      with temperature (Q10 = 1.8). The time constant of the 2nd phase was about 10 ms.

PMID- 3370235
TI  - [Fine structure and seasonal changes in the constant electrical field in man].
AB  - Fine structure of distribution of electric potential difference (EPD) in human
      skin of some points on arms, body and face relative to a referent point on the
      neck was investigated. Diurnal variations of EPD fine structure for individuals
      and seasonal differences expressed in an increase of the amplitude of variations
      and shift of EPD mean values to the positive region in winter as compared with
      summer were observed. The indicated peculiarities are connected with external
      factors and reflect changes of metabolic activity of organism living activity
      processes.

PMID- 3370236
TI  - [Thermodynamic study of the structure of apomyoglobin].
AB  - Sperm whale apomyoglobin structure has been studied thermodynamically at
      different temperatures and pH of solution by scanning microcalorimetry,
      viscosimetry, NMR and CD spectrometry techniques. It has been shown that at pH
      close to neutral, apomyoglobin has a compact highly cooperative structure with a
      well defined hydrophobic core. The stability of this structure is maximal at 30
      degrees C and decreases both with an increase and decrease of temperature.
      Correspondingly, the compact three-dimensional structure of apomyoglobin is
      disrupted both upon heating and cooling of the solution. In acidic solutions this
      process is reversible and represents a cooperative transition between two
      macroscopic states--the ordered and disordered ones which can be regarded as the
      native and denatured states of molecule. The compactness and ellipticity of the
      denatured state depend significantly on pH: upon a decrease of pH in the region
      of ionization of carboxylic groups these parameters approach the values
      characteristic of a random coil. A comparison of the maximal stability of the
      cooperative structure of apomyoglobin which is 12 kJ.mol-1 at 30 degrees C and pH
      close to neutral ones with the maximal stability of metmyoglobin which is 49
      kJ.mol-1 shows that the contribution of heme in the stabilization of the native
      myoglobin structure reaches 37 kJ.mol-1.

PMID- 3370237
TI  - [Thermodynamic and kinetic study of alpha-lactalbumin denaturation].
AB  - The measured curves of alpha-lactalbumin denaturation kinetics in the presence of
      urea are described in terms of a single phase. Its rate constant does not depend
      on the parameter detected. Both kinetic and equilibrium measurements show an
      accumulation of a protein molecule state in the denaturation region which differs
      from the native one in its fluorescence properties.

PMID- 3370239
TI  - [Calorimetric study of the mechanism of uncoiling the collagen molecule in the
      presence of ions].
AB  - Calorimetric and polarimetric studies of partially denaturated collagen in the
      presence and absence of one and two valence ions were performed. It is shown that
      in the presence of salt in partial denaturation of renaturated collagen the
      denaturation enthalpy is changed upon two steps. Both stages are followed by the
      conformational alteration. The denaturation enthalpy of the renaturated collagen
      is less than that of the native one, but in the presence of salts it is rather
      higher than in its absence. The study made possible to indicate that two-stage
      alteration of denaturation enthalpy is occurrence of denaturation products with
      partially reconstructed structure in which the salts take an active part.

PMID- 3370238
TI  - [Description of the kinetics of allosteric polymeric enzymes with 2 ligands based
      on the generalized Ising model].
AB  - The two-ligand model for allosteric regulation of complex polymeric enzymes is
      offered. Two types of cooperative interactions are observed--the cooperative
      transformations inside the promoter and interactions of promoters themselves-
      along with the direct interaction of two ligands inside each subunit. The
      solution of the model is given and its kinetic properties are discussed.

PMID- 3370240
TI  - [Formation of the regular, optical isotropic phase of low molecular weight DNA
      molecules modified by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum].
AB  - It is shown that condensation of DNA molecules of low molecular mass (less than 1
      X 10(6) in NaClO4-containing solution of poly(ethylene glycol) brings about
      formation of cholesteric liquid crystal phase; pattern of this phase is
      presented. It has been found by means of X-ray analysis and polarization
      microscopy that at certain level of modification with cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) the DNA molecules instead of cholesteric structure
      form an ordered optically isotropic phase. The problem about the causes of the
      formation of such phase and about the pattern of spatial organisation of adjacent
      DNA molecules in it remains open.

PMID- 3370241
TI  - [Effect of Ca ions on the transmembrane electric potential, synthesis and
      hydrolysis of ATP in brain mitochondria].
AB  - The transmembrane potential (delta psi) of rabbit brain mitochondria was measured
      with the fluorescent dye dis--C2--5. During oxidative phosphorylation a fall in
      delta psi in the order of 20% was observed. In the presence of inhibitors of ATP
      synthesis, there was a good correlation between the fall in delta psi and the ADP
      stimulated increase in respiration rate. The influence of endogenous calcium on
      the energetic metabolism of mitochondria was studied by measuring the changes of
      delta psi. An amount of 12 nmol Ca2+/mg protein cause half-inhibition of the ATP
      synthesis rate; 50 nmol/mg completely inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. The
      effect of the Ca2+ load on the ATPase activity of intact mitochondria was
      studied. It was found that endogenous calcium inhibits in a similar degree
      synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP. It was shown that both Ca ATP and Mg ATP can
      serve as a substrate for the mitochondrial ATPase.

PMID- 3370242
TI  - [Electroneutral transport of monovalent ions by fatty acids].
AB  - By means of ion-selective electrodes transport of H+ and K+ ions through model
      membranes was studied. The latter are fatty acid esters--impregnated
      nitroacetatecellulose ultrafilters. Fatty acids like nigericin were shown to be
      ion carriers and stimulate K+--H+-exchange. The velocity of H+ ions transfer was
      proportional to the content of fatty acid in the membrane, it depended on the
      content of Mg+2 ions and decreased abruptly as a result of cooling-induced phase
      transition of the fatty acid.

PMID- 3370243
TI  - [Effect of the orientation of dipole fragments of the phospholipid molecule on
      the bilayer structure].
AB  - By the method of minimization of phospholipid bilayers free energy it was shown
      that at a decrease of inclination angle of dipole fragments of phospholipid
      molecules to the bilayer surface there take place: a) an increase of bilayer
      density, b) a decrease of bilayer thickness caused by a decrease of dipole
      repulsive forces, c) an increase of the number of molecules in the bilayer due to
      hydrophobization of the latter. The existence of upper and lower critical angles
      of dipoles inclination to the bilayer surface were found: theta upcrit, theta
      lowcrit, if theta greater than or equal to the layers must be destroyed, and if
      theta less than or equal to theta lowcrit, transition of bilayers to the
      crystalline state must take place.

PMID- 3370244
TI  - [Effect of electromagnetic radiation of radio frequency (340 and 800 MHz) on
      liposomes from dimyristoyl lecithin].
AB  - Using the liposomes prepared from dimyristoyl lecithin at temperature below that
      of phase transition, its was shown that the annealing of liposomes by 340- and
      800-MHz microwave radiation required less integral heating of the samples, than
      it should be expected from the experiments on heating the samples in a
      thermostat.

PMID- 3370245
TI  - [Effect of caldesmon on the type of conformation changes in F-actin induced by
      the binding of myosin 1 subfragment].
AB  - The effect of caldesmon on the conformational changes of F-actin caused by myosin
      subfragment 1 (S-1) binding was studied, using the polarized microfluorimetry
      method. It was demonstrated that the polarized fluorescence of rhodaminil
      phalloin specifically bound to F-actin of pure actin filaments as well as of
      tropomyosin-containing actin filaments changes as a result of binding to S-1. The
      nature of these changes depends on the presence of caldesmon in the filaments.
      Caldesmon was supposed to modify the conformational changes in F-actin induced by
      S-1.

PMID- 3370246
TI  - [Pathways of inosine monophosphate transformation in the chicken liver].
AB  - The rates of distribution of the radioactive precursor label de novo and of the
      reutilization pathways of inosine monophosphate biosynthesis between adenine and
      guanine nucleotides in the acid-soluble fraction and RNA from chicken liver were
      determined. The activity of enzymes involved in inosine monophosphate conversion
      into adenine or guanine nucleotides or in uric acid biosynthesis was determined.
      It was shown that in chicken liver the activity of IMP-dehydrogenase and the rate
      constant for the label ([14C]glycine) incorporation into the guanine nucleotide
      pool is 3.5 times as high as that of adenyl succinate synthetase and the rate
      constant for the label liberation into the adenine nucleotide pool. The rate of
      xanthine synthesis is by one order of magnitude more than that of hypoxanthine
      and uric acid. The rate of IMP synthesis from [14C]hypoxanthine via the guanine
      nucleotide pathway is also higher in this case. Hence, in chicken liver IMP
      oxidation to XMP seems to proceed with a high efficiency and can thus be used, in
      addition to dephosphorylation, for ammonia extrusion.

PMID- 3370247
TI  - [Comparison of cytochrome P-450 forms induced by phenobarbital and 1,4-bis[3,5
      dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene in the mouse and rat liver].
AB  - A form of cytochrome P-450 (P-450PB) with a molecular weight of 53.5-54.0 kD
      possessing a high benzphetamine-N-demethylase activity (100-120 nmol
      formaldehyde/min/nmol cytochrome) was isolated from liver microsomes of
      phenobarbital-induced C57Bl/6 mice. This cytochrome P-450 form is immunologically
      identical to its rat liver counterpart-P-450b (Mr = 52 kD) which is also
      characterized by a high rate of benzphetamine-N-demethylation. It was shown that
      1.4-bis[2-(3.5-dichloropyridyloxy])benzene (TCPOBOP) induces in mouse liver the
      synthesis of the monoxygenase form whose substrate specificity and immunologic
      properties are identical to those of cytochromes P-450PB and P-450b. The
      immunochemically quantitated content of this form makes up to 20% of the total P
      450 pool in liver microsomes of phenobarbital- or TCPOBOP-induced mice.
      Immunochemical analysis of microsomes with the use of antibodies to cytochromes P
      450PB and P-450b revealed the presence on the electrophoregrams of phenobarbital
      induced rat liver microsomes of two immunologically identical forms of cytochrome
      P-450, i.e., P-450b and P-450e (the latter had a low ability to benzphetamine N
      demethylation). Liver microsomes of phenobarbital- or TCPOBP-induced mice gave
      only one precipitation band corresponding to cytochrome P-450PB.

PMID- 3370248
TI  - [Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, K+ ions transport and the volume of
      mitochondrial matrix by cytoplasmic glycopeptide and Ca2+ ions].
AB  - A thermostable low molecular weight glycopeptide containing syalic acids, which
      uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, has been detected, isolated
      and purified from rat liver cytoplasm. In the presence of the glycopeptide,
      oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria is uncoupled by low
      physiological concentrations of Ca2+, which otherwise do not have any appreciable
      effect on the mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling by the
      glycopeptide is accompanied by an increase of the mitochondrial volume. This
      process has a limited amplitude and is regulated by changes in Ca2+ concentration
      in the extramitochondrial space. The glycopeptide has been shown to induce K+
      transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this effect is enhanced by
      Ca2+.

PMID- 3370249
TI  - [Antioxidative effect of o-benzoquinone derivatives during CCl4-induced lipid
      peroxidation in the rat liver].
AB  - It was found that o-benzoquinones (oBQ) inhibit the CCl4-dependent lipid
      peroxidation (LPO) in rat liver microsomes in vitro. The experimental data
      suggest that the antioxidant effect of oBQ is not due to the ability of these
      substances to shunt the NADPH-dependent electron transport pathways. More likely,
      oBQ inhibit LPO due to the ability of their reduced forms to scavenge the free
      radicals which induce LPO. Based on the experimental data, it was concluded that
      the increasing absorption of liver lipids at 230-236 nm after administration of
      CCl4 is due to the accumulation of reduced hydroperoxides. This process was shown
      to be inhibited by oBQ.

PMID- 3370250
TI  - [Effect of estradiol on polyamine-dependent protein kinase activity of kidney
      tissue and hormone-dependent mammary gland tumors].
AB  - It was demonstrated that cell cytosol and nuclei of estradiol-dependent mammary
      tumours and kidney of the rat contain a polyamine-dependent protein kinase whose
      activity is stimulated 2-5 fold by 2 mM spermine and is inhibited by heparin (8
      10 micrograms/ml). This protein kinase uses acid proteins (casein) as substrates
      and ATP and GTP as phosphate sources. The polyamine-dependent protein kinase is
      eluted from DEAE-cellulose with 0.22-0.24 M NaCl. In cell nuclei the enzyme
      activity is 3-5 times as high as that in the cytoplasm. In cell nuclei of hormone
      dependent tumours and kidney estradiol increases the activity of the polyamine
      dependent protein kinase 2-5 times within 30 minutes.

PMID- 3370251
TI  - [Interaction of various nuclear matrix proteins with DNA].
AB  - An attempt has been made to localize the previously detected strong and weak
      bonds of nuclear matrix proteins with DNA in some groups of proteins, using
      fractionation of the matrix into lamina and intranuclear fibrils, isolation of
      the "elementary globules", fractionation of matrix nucleoproteins on
      hydroxyapatite. It was shown that both weak and strong bonds are localized on the
      nuclear lamina and in the intranuclear fibrils. The single-stranded DNA enriched
      fraction of the matrix nucleoproteins contained mostly strong bonds. The strong
      bond is less resistant to pronase treatment. A method for isolating nuclear
      matrix nucleoprotein fractions carrying only strong or only weak bonds is
      proposed.

PMID- 3370252
TI  - [Identification of pro-opiomelanocortin and its C-terminal fragments in the
      mammalian thymus].
AB  - Immunoreactive alpha-, beta-, gamma-endorphins and beta-lipotropin were detected
      in perfused calf thymus extracts at the following concentrations (fmol/mg)
      tissue, M +/- m): 1.32 +/- 0.08, 1.53 +/- 0.45, 0.0186 +/- 0.0022 and 0.741 +/-
      0.157, respectively. It was demonstrated for all ligands tested that the
      synthetic peptide and increasing amounts of the extract cause a similar
      displacement of the corresponding 125I-peptide from its complex with specific
      antiserum. Using the immunoblotting technique with a highly specific antiserum to
      bovine beta-lipotropin, the extracts of calf thymus, rat thymocytes and bovine
      hypophysis were found to contain two polypeptides with Mr of 32 and 14 kD, whose
      mobility corresponds to that of proopiomelanocortin and beta-lipotropin.

PMID- 3370253
TI  - [Identification of the membrane form of phenylalanine hydroxylase from the human
      liver and characteristics of its subunit composition].
AB  - Phenylalanine hydroxylase was detected among human liver bioptats and autoptats
      extracted with 0.4% Triton X-100 from the 105,000 g homogenate fraction. In
      contrast to the membrane form of the rat liver enzyme, human liver phenylalanine
      hydroxylase is detected both by its enzymatic activity and immunochemically under
      non-denaturating conditions. The enzymatic activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase
      makes 5-15% of that of the cytoplasmic fraction and 20-30% of the amount of
      antigen in the cytoplasmic fraction and 20-30% of the amount of antigen in the
      cytoplasmic fraction as can be evidenced from rocket immunoelectrophoresis data.
      Immunoblotting of proteins performed after denaturating electrophoresis of the
      membrane and cytoplasmic fractions revealed an antigen band with a similar
      electrophoretic mobility. The subunit composition of the enzyme in both fractions
      was characterized by two-dimensional electrophoresis with subsequent
      immunoblotting. It was found that the membrane fraction of the enzyme is
      represented only by the L-subunit with Mr of 55 kD, whereas the cytoplasmic
      fraction, besides the predominant L-subunit, also contains 2H-subunits of the
      enzyme with Mr = 57 kD. These 2H-subunits differ between themselves as well as
      from the L-subunit by the pI value.

PMID- 3370254
TI  - [Analysis of oligomeric forms of recombinant human leukocyte interferons].
AB  - Using SDS-PAAG electrophoresis, gel-permeation HPLC and immunoblotting, it was
      demonstrated that homogeneous preparations of human leukocyte interferons (alpha
      INF)-A, -N and -I1 obtained from the biomass of the corresponding producer
      strains (Pseudomonas sp.) contained several oligomeric forms produced by way of S
      S intermolecular cross-linkage and making up to 10-15%, 4-7% and 2-5% of the
      total monomeric form content in the protein preparations. Immunologic testing
      with the use of MAB NK-2 and [125I]NK-2 showed that the oligomeric forms of alpha
      INF-A, -N and -I1 were present in the protein preparations at all purification
      stages and seemed to be formed at early steps of interferon synthesis in the
      cell. The effects of limited proteolysis as well as of acid, alkaline and
      thermodenaturation on the aggregation and oligomerization of alpha-INF-A were
      studied. SDS-PAAG electrophoresis performed in the absence of the reducing agents
      showed that upon denaturation of 10% TCA, the amount of the oligomeric forms in
      the preparations of homogeneous and especially partly proteolytic INF was
      significantly increased. The causes and the putative mechanisms of aggregation
      and oligomerization of INF are discussed.

PMID- 3370255
TI  - [Oxidation of cytochrome b5 reduced by ascorbic acid].
AB  - The steady-state levels of aerobic and anaerobic reduction of cytochrome b5 by
      ascorbic acid and the initial rates of cytochrome b5 reduction in the presence of
      ascorbic acid and of anaerobic cytochrome P-450 reduction in the presence of NADH
      were used to calculate the rate constants for cytochrome b5 oxidation. The rate
      constant for cytochrome b5 autooxidation in the membrane is equal to that for
      isolated cytochrome b5, i. e., 5 X 10(-3) s-1 (37 degrees C). The rate constant
      for the second cytochrome b5 oxidation reaction in the membrane, i. e., electron
      transfer to cytochrome P-450, is equal to 140 X 10(-3) s-1 (37 degrees C).

PMID- 3370256
TI  - Circulating catecholamines and glucagon in infants of strictly controlled
      diabetic mothers.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated impaired perinatal adaptation of glucose
      homeostasis with inappropriately low levels of catecholamines and glucagon in
      newborn infants born to diabetic mothers. To investigate whether these neonatal
      changes are related to maternal metabolic control, we sequentially measured
      plasma glucose, catecholamines and glucagon in the neonatal period in 10 infants
      born to well-controlled mothers with class B diabetes mellitus after
      uncomplicated pregnancies. Good glycemic control in the mothers resulted in
      appropriate counterregulatory hormone responses in the neonatal period, similar
      to those described in infants born to normal mothers. The significant rise in
      plasma epinephrine and glucagon paralleled the establishment of euglycemia,
      further suggesting that these hormones are important for perinatal adaptation of
      glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 3370257
TI  - Serum lipoproteins in venous blood serum from birth to the end of the first week:
      feeding influences.
AB  - Serum lipoproteins were explored on the first day of life (D1) and on the sixth
      day (D6) in blood drawn by peripheral venipuncture from 43 normal term newborns,
      22 breast-fed and 21 formula-fed, and were compared to those of a control group
      of 28 young adults. With the exception of apolipoprotein E (Apo E), values of
      lipoprotein components obtained at D1 were similar, although generally slightly
      lower than those previously reported for cord blood serum. Total Apo E
      concentration at D1 (71 +/- 25 mg/l) was much higher than that obtained for the
      adult group (30 +/- 7 mg/l). Apo E distribution within the lipoprotein spectrum
      confirmed the presence of an already known Apo E-rich high density lipoprotein
      subfraction, which was responsible for the high total Apo E level at birth. The
      rise of lipoproteins of low density from D1 to D6, as evidenced by the increase
      of very low density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low
      density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B concentrations, was shown to be diet
      dependent. It was significantly less important in newborns fed a standard formula
      moderately enriched in unsaturated fatty acids than in breast-fed newborns.

PMID- 3370258
TI  - Physiologic jaundice in the Nigerian neonate.
AB  - In the course of a systemic study of physiologic hyperbilirubinaemia, 200
      Nigerian newborn infants were evaluated daily over a 12-day period. The pre-term
      and post-term neonates exhibited a distinct biphasic pattern of
      hyperbilirubinaemia. Mean peak bilirubin levels of 8.20 mg/dl for the pre-term,
      7.15 mg/dl for the post-term and 8.34 for the term were attained on the fourth,
      third and fifth days, respectively. Term small for gestational age neonates
      experienced mean peak bilirubin levels of 7.02 mg/dl at the age of 4 days and
      maintained a sustained elevation for as long as the last day of the study. Higher
      values of physiologic hyperbilirubinaemia are observed in this study than has
      been reported for American neonates.

PMID- 3370259
TI  - Relationship between maternal parity, basal prolactin levels and neonatal breast
      milk intake.
AB  - Basal serum levels of prolactin (PRL) in 21 nursing mothers were measured by
      radioimmunoassay on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th days of the puerperium. The quantity of
      breast milk suckled during the 4th day of life was also evaluated by calculating
      the difference in the baby's weight before and after each feeding. During the
      first postpartum days, mean basal levels of PRL did not change. However these
      levels were noted to be significantly lower in the multiparas (p less than 0.05)
      than in the primiparas. In addition, the milk intake in neonates of multiparous
      mothers was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than that in neonates of
      primiparous mothers. The author's hypothesis, based on the results of animal
      experimentation described in the literature, is that initiation of breast-feeding
      is facilitated in multiparas by the increased number of occupied PRL receptors in
      the mammary glands reflected by the lowered serum levels of the hormone.

PMID- 3370260
TI  - Differences between pregnant and nulliparous rats in basal and stress levels of
      metallothionein.
AB  - The present experiment was designed to examine the influence of pregnancy on
      basal and stress levels of serum and liver metallothionein (MT). Eighteen-day
      pregnant rats showed higher serum MT levels and lower liver MT levels than
      nulliparous rats, suggesting that a great MT mobilization from the liver into the
      serum was present in the former rats. Serum MT levels were not changed by either
      restraint or starvation. It is unlikely that the lower liver MT levels showed by
      pregnant rats were due to competition by progesterone for glucocorticoid
      receptors, as previously suggested, since the corticosterone/progesterone ratio
      was unchanged in pregnant rats. Liver MT response to food and water deprivation
      with or without restraint was somewhat different in nulliparous and pregnant
      rats. Thus, food and water deprivation for 24 h caused higher liver MT induction
      in pregnant than in nulliparous rats. When food and water deprivation was
      accompanied by restraint stress a further increase in liver MT was observed in
      nulliparous but not in pregnant rats. This suggests that food and water
      deprivation may be a more severe stress in pregnant rats because of the
      additional demands of the growing fetuses. Fetal liver MT was increased by
      restraint stress but not by food and water deprivation. The role of Zn influx
      into the liver is discussed.

PMID- 3370261
TI  - Effect of maternal nicotine exposure on growth in vivo of lung tissue of neonatal
      rats.
AB  - The effect of maternal nicotine exposure on lung growth in vivo in neonatal rats
      was investigated. Nicotine (0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg/day) administered subcutaneously
      to the pregnant animal from day 7 of gestation until weaning resulted in smaller
      neonatal lungs that were about 15% smaller on postnatal day 8. On day 21 no
      difference in lung mass occurs. Maternal nicotine exposure also causes enhanced
      lung cellular multiplication as judged by the calculated daily increase in DNA of
      0.19 mg/g for control lung and 0.31 mg/g for experimental lung. Comparison of the
      protein/DNA ratio 5.75 +/- 0.22 of the control and the 3.59 +/- 0.21 of nicotine
      exposed lungs showed that the cells of the latter was smaller. The lower lung
      mass was attributed to the smaller cell size. It is proposed that nicotine's
      marked inhibitory (42%) effect on glycolysis probably results in type I cell
      injury and consequently enhanced cell proliferation.

PMID- 3370263
TI  - Preattentive deficit in temporal processing by chronic schizophrenics.
AB  - Preattentive visual filtering by two types of neural cells (transient and
      sustained) constitutes the basic neural correlates underlying visual perception.
      Transient cells respond abruptly to temporal modulation and to the low spatial
      frequency components of visual stimuli. Their function is localization of objects
      and global perception (i.e., detection). Sustained cells respond slowly and
      selectively to high spatial frequencies and are believed to be responsible for
      the "oblique effect" (i.e., reduced responsiveness to obliquely oriented high
      spatial frequencies), which likely occurs at the striate cortex. Their function
      is to discern the details of an object (i.e., identification). The present study
      evaluated early visual processing in normal controls and schizophrenics by
      presenting vertical and oblique (45 degrees) spatial frequency gratings of 0.9
      and 12 c/deg that were presented for 50, 100, 175, and 250-msec pulses.
      Threshold, in milliseconds, to detect an interstimulus interval (ISI) between two
      grating pulses was the dependent measure. Schizophrenics required longer ISIs for
      each grating duration, except for 250 msec, and longer ISIs for the 15 c/deg
      oblique grating. The results indicate that schizophrenics have a preattentive
      processing deficit that is further elaborated at the cortical level.

PMID- 3370262
TI  - Metabolic development of porcine fetal adipose tissue. A role for central
      regulation.
AB  - The influence of neural and endocrine status upon the metabolic activity and
      insulin responses of developing adipose tissue of fetal swine was examined.
      Central neural and endocrine regulation were removed by decapitation of fetuses
      at 45 days of gestation. Decapitated (decap) fetuses and intact littermates were
      removed at 65, 85 or 110 days of gestation. Fatty acid synthesis from glucose
      increased fivefold in slices of subcutaneous adipose tissue from intact fetuses
      and tenfold in tissue from decaps, between days 65 and 110 gestation. Insulin had
      minimal effects in intact tissue but stimulated glucose metabolism as early as 65
      days of gestation in decap adipose tissue. Lactate was utilized for oxidation and
      fatty acid synthesis at rates as high or higher than glucose throughout
      gestation. These results indicate possible roles for lactate and insulin in
      producing the increased adiposity of decapitated fetal pigs reported previously.
      Secondly, the more active metabolism of decap tissue indicates that fatty acid
      synthesis in normal fetal adipose tissue is suppressed by development of
      inhibitory factors regulated by central mechanisms during late gestation.

PMID- 3370264
TI  - Disturbances of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements in schizophrenic
      patients.
AB  - To study whether or not schizophrenic patients have disturbances in voluntary
      control of saccades, we examined visually elicited saccade and antisaccade tasks
      in 10 normal control subjects and 12 schizophrenic patients. The latencies of
      saccades in the schizophrenic patients were not significantly different from
      those of normal controls. However, 6 of the 12 schizophrenics showed significant
      abnormalities in the antisaccade task; 6 made more errors and 3 of them showed
      longer latencies than normal controls. Five of these 6 patients revealed an
      atrophy of the frontal cortex on computed tomography (CT) scans. These results
      indicate that many schizophrenics show difficulties in voluntary control of
      saccades, suggesting a dysfunction of the frontal cortex.

PMID- 3370265
TI  - Psychiatric and neuropsychological response to propranolol in Graves' disease.
AB  - We describe the endocrine, psychiatric, and neuropsychological assessments of 10
      untreated, newly diagnosed Graves' disease subjects who were studied
      longitudinally at three stages: hyperthyroid (stage 1), after 2 weeks of
      propranolol treatment (stage 2), and after 6 months of antithyroid treatment
      (stage 3). Major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and hypomania were
      diagnosed at stage 1. Elevations on psychiatric symptom rating scales and in
      motor activity monitoring at stage 1 were significantly decreased at stage 2 and
      again at stage 3. Psychiatric improvements paralleled improvements in endocrine
      symptoms. Neuropsychological improvements were noted on the more challenging
      memory and attention tasks at stage 3, whereas propranolol treatment was not
      associated with changes on attention tests. Results are discussed in relation to
      catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions, in particular, the beta-adrenergic
      system.

PMID- 3370266
TI  - Anxiety and the dexamethasone suppression test monitored with saliva.
AB  - To assess the effect of anxiety on response to the Dexamethasone Suppression Test
      (DST), cortisol concentrations were determined in patients who had various
      diagnoses, with anxiety as a secondary characteristic. Saliva was collected
      before and after venepuncture at 4:05 PM following completion of the Leeds
      Questionnaire at 3:00 PM. Matrix effects, which caused an initial artefactual
      decrease in cortisol levels in some saliva samples in patients with high anxiety,
      could be eliminated by repeated freezing/thawing. There was no significant
      difference between salivary cortisol concentrations before and after
      venepuncture, indicating that variability in response to the DST is not a
      correlate of anxiety and stressful venepuncture. There was no association between
      anxiety scores and plasma or salivary cortisol values: thus, anxiety is unlikely
      to be a major contributory cause of nonsuppression of hypercortisolemia in the
      DST.

PMID- 3370267
TI  - Serum dexamethasone concentrations in endogenous depressives before, during, and
      after treatment: preliminary observations.
AB  - The 1.0-mg Dexamethasone (DEX) Suppression Test (DST) was performed in 10
      endogenous depressives prior to treatment, during treatment, and again when the
      patients were medication- and symptom-free. Five of the 10 patients were DST
      escapers prior to treatment, and all 10 patients were DST suppressors following
      treatment. During treatment, 6 patients were DST escapers, 2 of them having been
      suppressors initially. There were no significant differences in serum DEX
      concentrations before, during, and after treatment in either the 5 DST escapers
      or the 5 DST suppressors. These results lend further support to the concept that
      reduced serum DEX concentrations are not the major factor underlying DST
      nonsuppression.

PMID- 3370268
TI  - Depression as a correlate of starvation in patients with eating disorders.
AB  - The relationship between depressive symptoms and starvation, reflected by body
      weight and biochemical parameters, was investigated in 64 patients fulfilling DSM
      III criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Multiple regression analysis
      revealed significant effects of body weight and beta-hydroxybutyric acid,
      respectively, on such specific depressive symptoms as depressed or dysphoric mood
      when controlling for severity of psychopathology of the eating disorder.

PMID- 3370269
TI  - Psychopathological changes in a patient with rhythmic midtemporal discharges
      after antiepileptic medication.

PMID- 3370270
TI  - Haloperidol enhancement of latent inhibition: relation to therapeutic action?

PMID- 3370271
TI  - Suppression of plasma melatonin by a single dose of the benzodiazepine alprazolam
      in humans.

PMID- 3370272
TI  - Delta sleep-inducing peptide in CSF of patients with affective illness is
      elevated by lithium treatment.

PMID- 3370273
TI  - The neuroendocrine response to fenfluramine in depressives and normal controls.

PMID- 3370274
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase in alcoholism.
AB  - We studied platelet monamine oxidase (MAO) activity using 14C-tyramine as
      substrate in hospitalized alcoholic patients in the early phases of abstinence
      and in nonhospitalized normal control volunteers. Platelet MAO was determined in
      75 patients (67 men, 8 women) with alcoholism and 123 normal control volunteers
      (52 men, 71 women). The platelet MAO activity in alcoholic patients was
      significantly lower than in normal control volunteers. We also observed that the
      mean platelet MAO activity in male alcoholics was significantly lower than in
      normal males. The analysis of platelet MAO in alcoholics revealed a mixture of
      two normal distributions. Alcoholic patients falling into the low MAO component
      were younger in age, with a lower age of onset of alcoholism, and had higher
      frequencies of family history of alcoholism. They thus resembled type II
      alcoholics described by other investigators. Platelet MAO may thus serve as a
      useful biological marker for subtyping alcoholism and identifying high-risk
      groups at an early stage. The findings of this study are consistent with previous
      reports of low platelet MAO activity in alcoholic patients.

PMID- 3370275
TI  - Short REM latency in impotence without depression.
AB  - In a retrospective study, the presence of depression was studied in a group of 14
      impotent patients who were selected on the basis of the similarity between their
      electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns and those of patients with
      endogenous depression. Specifically, the value of rapid eye movement (REM)
      latency plus age less than 100 was used as a selection criterion. Sleep
      continuity disturbances, increased REM time, and increased REM% were noted in the
      short REM latency impotent group. On the basis of MMPI and psychiatric history
      and interview, only one of these impotent patients showed major depression. The
      authors conclude that impotent patients with a short REM latency are not, as a
      group, depressed and that the incidence of depression in impotent men should be
      determined irrespective of EEG sleep findings.

PMID- 3370276
TI  - Nocturnal penile tumescence is diminished in depressed men.
AB  - Although depressed individuals commonly report decreased libido, it was not known
      if such changes are accompanied by neurophysiological alterations. Preliminary
      studies suggest that some depressed men may manifest diminished nocturnal penile
      tumescence (NPT), an objective measure of erectile capacity. We report NPT
      findings in 34 male outpatients with major depression (SADS/RDC) and an age
      matched group of 28 healthy controls. A 3-night electroencephalographic (EEG)
      sleep/NPT protocol was utilized, with penile rigidity (buckling force) determined
      on night 3. Analysis of night 2 data by MAN-COVA revealed significant effects for
      age, the covariate (F = 2.86, p = 0.002), and diagnosis (F = 2.32, p = 0.02).
      Depressed men had significantly diminished NPT time (F = 16.8, p less than
      0.001), even when adjusted for sleep time (F = 13.4, p less than 0.001) or rapid
      eye movement (REM) time (F = 7.2, p less than 0.01). NPT time was reduced by
      greater than or equal to 1 SD below the control mean in 40% of depressives and
      was comparable to the level seen in 14 nondepressed patients with a clinical
      diagnosis of organic impotence. An intermediate proportion of depressed patients
      (38%) had maximum buckling forces less than or equal to 500 g, indicating
      diminished penile rigidity, when compared to controls (16%) and men with presumed
      organic impairment (93%) (p less than 0.001). Diminished NPT time and low
      buckling force were associated with a history of erectile dysfunction within the
      index depressive episode (p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that
      depression in men is associated with a potentially reversible decrease in
      erectile capacity, which may be associated with significant sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 3370277
TI  - Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: specific relations to ventricular size and
      negative symptomatology.
AB  - A number of studies of schizophrenia have demonstrated associations between
      cognitive impairment and both cerebral ventricle size and negative
      symptomatology. The nature of these associations, however, have been obscured by
      interstudy differences in the assessment of cognitive functioning and by the lack
      of function-related specificity in measures of structural brain abnormality. In
      this study, 28 SCID-diagnosed chronic schizophrenic inpatients were administered
      a brief comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, a computed tomography
      (CT) scan, and were rated for positive and negative symptomatology. Enlarged
      ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR) of the anterior portion of the lateral ventricles,
      the frontal horns, was found to be related to deficits in general intellectual
      level, conceptual thinking, immediate verbal memory, and psychomotor speed. VBR
      of the more usually studied bodies of the lateral ventricles was associated only
      with deficits in verbal memory and motor speed. VBRs were unrelated to both
      positive and negative symptom measures in this sample. Results suggest that more
      widespread impairment of schizophrenics' cognitive functioning may be related to
      structural abnormality within the frontal lobes, complementing recent findings
      linking structural and metabolic abnormalities of this area of the brain to the
      disease itself.

PMID- 3370278
TI  - Altered plasma dexamethasone and cortisol suppressibility in patients with panic
      disorders.
AB  - Some abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients
      with panic disorders were recently reported. The possibility that the disposition
      of dexamethasone, which has been reported to influence the Dexamethasone
      Suppression Test (DST), might be altered in this subgroup of patients has not, as
      yet, been reported. We report that 4:00 PM dexamethasone plasma concentrations
      following a 1-mg oral DST were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in 23
      patients with panic disorders (0.49 +/- 0.44 ng/ml) compared to 52 normal control
      subjects (1.09 +/- 0.64 ng/ml). This is in addition to the significantly higher
      (p less than 0.05) 4:00 PM postdexamethasone cortisol values per nanogram per
      milliliter of dexamethasone in the panic disorder patients compared to normal
      controls (17.7 +/- 29.6 versus 5.0 +/- 11.2 micrograms/dl). The mean percent
      suppression of cortisol from baseline in panic disorder was normal despite one
      half the dexamethasone concentrations in these subjects. The cortisol suppression
      versus dexamethasone concentration curve was also shifted lower (greater fraction
      of cortisol suppression) and to the left (toward lower dexamethasone
      concentrations). These results further suggest that the HPA system is indeed
      altered in panic disorders, but in a manner that is not readily apparent from the
      DST alone.

PMID- 3370279
TI  - Elevated dopamine/norepinephrine ratios in thalami of schizophrenic brains.

PMID- 3370280
TI  - Predictors of response to electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder.

PMID- 3370281
TI  - Biological differences in endogenous depressive placebo responders versus
      nonresponders: dexamethasone suppression test and sleep EEG data.

PMID- 3370283
TI  - Comparative assessment of cell/substratum static adhesion using an in vitro organ
      culture method and computerized analysis system.
AB  - The trypsin sensitivity of chick embryo cellular layers cultivated by an in vitro
      organ culture method toward different biomaterials has been analysed. Monolayer
      cells grown on to tested samples were enzymatically dissociated in 5 min - 1 h.
      Cumulative cell numbers, expressed as the percentage of the totally detached cell
      number, were plotted versus time, thus permitting the calculation of the
      function. The mathematical treatment by a computerized system of this function
      represents the trypsin sensitivity. This value modulated by the migration cell
      number is the static adhesion modulated index (SAMI). The trypsin sensitivity
      expressed according to this index allowed the establishment of an abacus wherein
      several zones, A, B, C and D, define cell adhesion behaviour on different
      biomaterials. Scanning electron microscopy analysis performed on dissociation
      steps showed the selective activity of trypsin on cells toward different
      substrata, revealing the role of an extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton in the
      adhesion behaviour.

PMID- 3370282
TI  - Heparin-like tubings. I. Preparation, characterization and biological in vitro
      activity assessment.
AB  - In order to prepare tubular materials which could be used in blood-circulating
      medical devices, polystyrene was grafted by irradiation on to polyethylene
      tubings. A chemical surface treatment was used which resulted in the
      functionalization of the inner face of the tubing. This procedure is described
      and the chemical assessment of the constitution of the functionalized polymer has
      been completed. Tubing, the inner face of which is made of polyethylene
      polystyrene copolymer in which polystyrene moieties were substituted with
      sulphonate and aspartic acid sulphamid groups, was tested for antithrombic
      properties in a circulating device under controlled transport conditions and by
      use of purified proteins.

PMID- 3370284
TI  - Solubility and diffusion coefficients of gaseous formaldehyde in polymers.
AB  - The solubility and diffusion (desorption) coefficients of gaseous formaldehyde in
      14 materials have been measured at different temperatures. Cellulose, paper,
      polyamide (Nylon 6), polyester and natural rubber (latex) show very high values
      of formaldehyde solubility and very low diffusion coefficients, with a weak or
      inversed influence of the temperature, leading to the conclusion that a chemical
      reaction occurs with the formaldehyde. The behaviour of the other polymers
      follows the classical laws of solubility and diffusion of gases except for
      silicone rubber which shows two-phase desorption curves.

PMID- 3370285
TI  - Electrochemical studies on the influence of proteins on the corrosion of implant
      alloys.
AB  - The effect of proteins on corrosion rates of 316L stainless steel, commercially
      pure titanium and titanium 6-aluminium 4-vanadium was studied in the static and
      fretting modes. The static mode was studied using cylindrical specimens as per
      ASTM F-746, and static fracture fixation plates. The fretting mode was studied
      using a two-hole plate fretting machine which caused a cyclic rocking motion
      between the plate and the screws, as per ASTM F-897. Electrochemical techniques
      of polarization resistance and Tafel slope measurements were used to study
      effects of proteins on the anodic and cathodic corrosion reactions. It was found
      that proteins increased the corrosion rate of the stainless steel and C.P.
      titanium cylindrical specimens, but did not have an effect on the Ti-6AI-4V
      cylinders. In the fretting mode proteins decreased the corrosion rate of the
      stainless steel plates, but did not have an appreciable effect on either of the
      titanium alloys. The presence of proteins appeared to cause an increase in the
      anodic Tafel constant and a decrease in the cathodic Tafel constant of stainless
      steel specimens. Significant differences in the shapes of the cathodic Tafel
      slopes were also seen with cylinders with different surface conditions, and
      static versus fretting plates.

PMID- 3370286
TI  - Influence of cadmium on the chain dynamics of collagen in rat tail tendon.
AB  - The molecular mobility of the chain dynamics of collagen was investigated by the
      thermally stimulated creep method on rat tail tendon after oral administration of
      cadmium (8 mg.kg-1.day-1) for six weeks. The high resolving power of the
      technique shows two manifestations of the pseudolathyrogen effect of cadmium: the
      polar side-chains of collagen, mobile in the immature specimen, which are cross
      linked and so immobile in the mature specimen, remain mobile in the cadmium
      treated mature specimen. There is also a subsequent decrease in the number of
      water molecules linked by two hydrogen atoms bound to the tropocollagen
      molecules. Probably these molecular modifications inhibit mineralization of the
      organic matrix and so osteogenesis.

PMID- 3370287
TI  - Electrical parameters of bone substrate in microstrip line configuration.
AB  - Techniques of microstrip line are extended to study the dielectric properties of
      bone at 4.5 GHz. The method is based on time domain technique and is applicable
      to higher frequency ranges where other conventional methods of dielectric
      measurements are not suitable. It is found that this method serves well for the
      determination of dielectric constants of bone in two orthogonal directions.

PMID- 3370288
TI  - Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy implants for bridging large osteoperiosteal gaps.
AB  - An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability or otherwise of
      carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (CFRE) implants for bridging large osteoperiosteal
      gaps, devoid of periosteum. Using the basic principles of composite mechanics and
      simple design criteria, CFRE implants were designed and developed. These implants
      were put in simulated osteoperiosteal gaps in the ulna of healthy mature rabbits.
      Ten wk postoperative results clearly demonstrated that implants made of CFRE
      induced callus bone formation (in the form of woven bone) which totally
      encapsulated the implant thereby providing reunion of the two bone segments.
      Further follow-up showed formation of lamellar bones and formation in the pores
      of the implant. Radiological and scanning electron microscopical evidence is
      presented.

PMID- 3370289
TI  - Adsorption of fibrinogen on to polystyrene latex coated with the non-ionic
      surfactant, poloxamer 338.
AB  - We have measured the isothermal adsorption of 125I-fibrinogen on to polystyrene
      latex (PSL), which was prepared without surfactants, and on to PSL with an
      adsorbed coat of poloxamer 338 (an A-B-A block copolymer where A is
      poly(oxyethylene) and B is poly(oxypropylene]. The plateau adsorption of
      fibrinogen, at 310 K, was significantly lower on to latex coated with poloxamer
      338. Previous studies have shown that poloxamer 338-coated PSL is cleared less
      avidly than uncoated PSL by cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). Our
      findings are quantitative evidence in support of the theory that the uptake of
      colloids by the MPS can be related to the interfacial adsorption of opsonic
      proteins.

PMID- 3370290
TI  - [Principles of high-frequency coagulation-assisted balloon dilatation].

PMID- 3370291
TI  - [Diagnosis of right ventricular function--an animal experiment study of the
      determination of heart minute volume and ventricular volume using impedance
      dilution].

PMID- 3370293
TI  - The effect of amino acid substitution on protein-folding and -unfolding
      transition studied by computer simulation.

PMID- 3370294
TI  - Base sequence effects in double-helical DNA. II. Configurational statistics of
      rodlike chains.

PMID- 3370292
TI  - [Effect of geometric pattern and fracture type on the stability of monolateral
      external fixation].

PMID- 3370295
TI  - Base sequence effects in double-helical DNA. III. Average properties of curved
      DNA.

PMID- 3370296
TI  - A critical review of the nucleosidic vibration modes appearing in the 800-500-cm
      1 spectral region, based on new harmonic dynamics calculations.

PMID- 3370297
TI  - Tanford-Kirkwood theory for concentric dielectric continua: application to
      dimethylphosphate.

PMID- 3370298
TI  - Hydrogen exchange of the tryptophan residues in bovine alpha-lactalbumin studied
      by UV spectroscopy.

PMID- 3370299
TI  - Normal-mode calculation for methylated Z-DNA poly(dG-m5dC).(dG-m5dC).

PMID- 3370300
TI  - Moments for DNA topoisomers: the helical wormlike chain.

PMID- 3370301
TI  - Sedimentation coefficients of DNA topoisomers: the helical wormlike chain.

PMID- 3370302
TI  - Conformations and mitochondrial uncoupling activity of synthetic emerimicin
      fragments.

PMID- 3370303
TI  - On the absorption of clavulanic acid.
AB  - It was not possible to computer fit oral clavulanic acid data using exponential
      or model equations incorporating a single exponential defining the absorption
      phase. Using the Loo-Riegelman method three phases of the absorption process
      became apparent, an initial slow phase, a more rapid phase and a final slow
      phase, contributing approximately 20, 70, and 5%, respectively, to the overall
      absorption process. Statistical moment analysis of clavulanic acid data following
      intravenous and oral solution administration gave mean values for the mean
      residence time, mean absorption time, and volume of distribution steady-state of
      56 min, 43 min, and 14.01, respectively. Weibull analysis of the oral solution
      data gave mean values for lag-time and mean absorption time of 8 min and 46.8
      min, respectively. Administration of clavulanic acid in a capsule formulation
      increased the lag-time before absorption but had no significant effect on the
      mean absorption time.

PMID- 3370304
TI  - The influence of diuretics on the excretion and metabolism of doping agents. Part
      IV--Caffeine.
AB  - The urinary excretion of caffeine in humans was followed over a period of 36 h
      after the oral administration of ANIMINE, a formulation containing caffeine-alpha
      naphthylacetate. The excretion of caffeine was not as markedly affected by the
      urinary pH as was found with stimulant amines. Excretion peaks were obtained 1-2
      h after the ingestion and the total amount of unchanged caffeine excreted during
      12 h varied from 0.57 to 1.51 per cent. The ingestion of the diuretics
      acetazolamide or furosemide 2 h after caffeine resulted in a urine-flow dependent
      and consequently increased caffeine excretion during 2-4 h post-diuretic. This
      increase paralleled the increase in urine volume resulting in no meaningful
      differences in caffeine concentration compared to normal conditions.

PMID- 3370305
TI  - A general model of metabolite kinetics following intravenous and oral
      administration of the parent drug.
AB  - A model of metabolite pharmacokinetics is developed in terms of residence time
      distributions and derived non-compartmental measures. It provides quantitative
      insight into factors determining the concentration-time curve of metabolite
      following intravenous and oral administration of the precursor drug. The AUCs and
      higher curve moments (mean residence times and relative dispersions) are
      calculated/predicted and their dependence on mean absorption time, fraction of
      first-pass metabolism and intrinsic disposition residence times of the parent
      drug and metabolite, respectively, is discussed. An AUC-based method for the
      determination of the first-pass effect is proposed which is not influenced by
      drug absorption. The approach is valid for linear pharmacokinetic systems
      exhibiting hepatic and renal elimination of the precursor drug; it is not
      restricted to specific compartmental models. Limitations of previous concepts of
      metabolite kinetics are defined. Criteria are presented for the appearance of
      concave metabolite curves in a semi-logarithmic scale.

PMID- 3370306
TI  - Effect of poisoning by soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) on the serum
      half-life of the cholinesterase reactivator HI-6 in mice.
AB  - The effect of fasting, atropine, and poisoning by an organophosphate
      anticholinesterase soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) on the
      pharmacokinetics of the acetylcholinesterase oxime reactivator HI-6 (CAS Reg. No.
      34433-31-3; 1-[(4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio)methoxy)methyl)-2-(hydroxy
      imino)methyl) pyridinium dichloride) was investigated. Pharmacokinetic parameters
      (elimination half-life, volume of distribution, clearance rate) were determined
      for the following groups: (1) a 20 and 50 mg kg-1 dose of HI-6; (2) a 50 mg kg-1
      dose of HI-6 after fasting for 18 h (water ad lib); (3) a 50 mg kg-1 dose of HI-6
      at 0, 4, and 24 h after atropine (17.4 mg kg-1, i.p.) and soman (287 micrograms
      kg-1, s.c.); and (4) a 50 mg kg-1 dose of HI-6 at 0 and 4 h after soman (100
      micrograms kg-1, s.c.). Fasting increased significantly (p less than 0.05) the
      elimination of half-life (t1/2) and tended to increase the volume of distribution
      (Vd) and decrease the clearance rate (CL). Following soman (287 micrograms kg-1)
      poisoning the t1/2 of HI-6 increased from 8.6 min to 21.6 min and the Vd
      increased to 0.731 kg-1. At the lower soman dose (100 micrograms kg-1) no
      significant effect on HI-6 pharmacokinetics was found. Atropine (17.4 mg kg-1:
      i.p.) pretreatment increased the t1/2 and CL while having no effect on the Vd. By
      24 h the pharmacokinetic parameters of HI-6 in the various treatment groups were
      not significantly different from the control group. The changes in the
      pharmacokinetics of HI-6 following soman and atropine are probably the result of
      haemodynamic changes.

PMID- 3370307
TI  - Influence of high-fat meal on the absorption of a silicon-containing amide, an
      inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, in man.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of 3-(decyldimethylsilyl)-N-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-
      phenylethyl] propanamide (DMPP), an inhibitor of acyl-CoA: cholesterol
      acyltransferase, have been examined in 18 healthy male volunteers who received an
      oral dose of either 14C-DMPP or 3H-DMPP immediately following a high-fat meal, or
      3H-DMPP in the fasting state. DMPP was poorly absorbed in the fasting subjects.
      Administration with a high-fat meal significantly increased the extent of
      absorption to 15 per cent of the dose. Simultaneous fitting of the blood levels
      and excretion data to a pharmacokinetic model showed that ca. 64 per cent of the
      absorbed DMPP was metabolized while the remainder was excreted intact via the
      bile. The routes of biotransformation included hydrolysis of the amide bond and
      oxidation of the phenyl ring. The apparent volumes of distribution for DMPP and
      its 14C and 3H labelled metabolites were 0.89, 0.95, and 1.6 lkg-1, respectively,
      suggesting that these materials were distributed into extravascular spaces. The
      metabolites of DMPP were partially excreted in urine, accounting for 1.2 per cent
      and 3.8 per cent of the postprandial 14C and 3H labelled doses, respectively. The
      elimination half-lives of DMPP and its 14C and 3H labelled metabolites were 2.8,
      5.3, and 6.9 h, respectively.

PMID- 3370308
TI  - Comparative bioavailability of furosemide from solution and 40 mg tablets with
      different dissolution characteristics following oral administration in normal
      men.
AB  - Furosemide tablets, with markedly different dissolution characteristics, and
      solution were orally administered to 21 healthy adult males to determine the
      effect of in vitro dissolution rate on in vivo bioavailability profiles.
      Furosemide 40 mg was given as Tablet A (fast dissolution characteristics), Tablet
      B (slow dissolution characteristics), and an aqueous solution. Both batches of
      tablets had identical formulae and were produced by a common process. The
      dissolution rate of the slower Tablet B was probably retarded by extension of the
      wet granulation time. Blood was collected for 12 h postdose and urine for 24 h.
      Peak plasma furosemide concentrations after the solution were significantly
      greater than after the tablets; there was no significant difference between the
      tablets. The time to peak occurred significantly earlier with the solution, with
      no significant difference between the tablets. Relative bioavailabilities of
      Tablet A and B were 89 per cent and 101 per cent, respectively, as determined by
      AUC, and 79 per cent and 84 per cent, respectively, as determined by urine
      recovery. These differences are not statistically significant. These results
      indicate that dissolution rate profiles of furosemide tablets may not be
      predictive of in vivo bioavailability.

PMID- 3370309
TI  - Subsecond calcium dynamics in ADP- and thrombin-stimulated platelets: a
      continuous-flow approach using indo-1.
AB  - The regulation and kinetics (less than 5 seconds) of cytosolic calcium changes
      ([Ca2+]i) in stimulated blood platelets have been investigated under
      physiological blood flow conditions. Using a newly-developed continuous-flow
      approach with indo-1-loaded human platelets, adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 10
      mumol/L) and thrombin (5 U/mL) were equally effective in significantly increasing
      [Ca2+]i by 0.5 seconds. ADP induced a transient [Ca2+]i peak of 1 to 2 mumol/L
      near 2 seconds, whereas thrombin caused a sustained and larger response. The
      first phase (less than 2 seconds) was not influenced by a lack of extracellular
      Ca2+, in contrast to the subsequent [Ca2+]i increase that only reached about 0.7
      mumol/L for either ADP or thrombin. The shear rates used in our continuous-flow
      apparatus were physiological (less than 1,258 sec-1) and only slightly increased
      the basal [Ca2+]i of 0.1 mumol/L. Platelet aggregation (less than 5 seconds),
      assessed by single-particle counting, was not altered in platelets loaded with
      indo-1/AM (2.5 mumol/L).

PMID- 3370310
TI  - Cytogenetic features of Hodgkin's disease suggest possible origin from a
      lymphocyte.
AB  - Surface marker and gene rearrangement data have supported various hypotheses
      about the origin of the malignant cell in Hodgkin's disease. Cytogenetic data
      about this disorder, however, are very scanty. To determine if any chromosomal
      abnormalities that could add further information to this controversial point are
      present, we studied tumor samples from 49 patients. Abnormal metaphases were
      obtained in 18 cases. The most common breakpoints were in 11q23, 14q32, 6q11-21,
      and 8q22-24. These are common breakpoints in lymphoma and raise the possibility
      that the malignant cell in Hodgkin's disease may be derived from a lymphocyte.
      The 11q23 breakpoint is also seen in t(4;11) and t(9;11), which is typical of a
      type of childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by the
      presence of aberrant myeloid and monocytic markers. Myeloid and monocytic markers
      are common in Reed-Sternberg cells.

PMID- 3370311
TI  - Identification of the major lectin-binding surface proteins of human neutrophils
      and alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) are frequently used as
      stimuli of neutrophils and macrophages. While the effects of these lectins on
      cell function are presumably mediated by interaction with cell-surface molecules,
      the target structures on the cell surface involved are not well defined. We have
      used the techniques of lactoperoxidase catalyzed cell-surface iodination, lectin
      affinity chromatography, monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitation, and NaDodSO4
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the surface proteins of human
      neutrophils and alveolar macrophages that react with six lectins including Con A
      and WGA. We found that several major surface-labeled proteins of neutrophils
      bound Con A. Four of these proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation as
      members of the LFA-1/HMac-1/gp150,95 adhesion glycoprotein family. Con A also
      bound CR1 and a 135-kd surface-labeled protein recognized by CD15 monoclonal
      antibodies. WGA also bound many of these proteins, but had a much lower avidity
      for CR1. All three of the major surface-labeled proteins of human alveolar
      macrophages bound to Con A, including the 183-kd mannose receptor and the 30-kd
      smoking-associated protein. WGA also bound the 183-kd macrophage protein, but not
      the 30-kd protein. These results should aid the understanding of studies using
      these lectins as stimuli.

PMID- 3370312
TI  - Preparation of polyethylene glycol-tissue plasminogen activator adducts that
      retain functional activity: characteristics and behavior in three animal species.
AB  - Conditions were defined for the derivatization of recombinant tissue plasminogen
      activator (rt-PA) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) so as to retain functional
      activity as a possible means of producing a t-PA species with a prolonged
      circulating lifetime. Derivatives with a wide range of retention of activities
      were prepared by varying the concentration and species of activated PEG. The
      specific activities of the PEG-rt-PA derivatives were dependent on the method of
      assay. Assays using preformed fibrin gave higher estimates of retention of
      activity than assays using soluble components. Plasma elimination studies in mice
      and rats indicated prolonged circulating lifetimes for the radiolabeled PEG-rt-PA
      derivatives after a rapid clearance and distribution phase; however, the
      disappearance of functional activity was much more rapid than the disappearance
      of radiolabeled material. The PEG-rt-PA derivatives appeared to accumulate in
      tissues above their interstitial fluid concentrations and were rapidly
      inactivated, apparently by reaction with the plasma protease inhibitors. These
      results were consistent with the inactivation of the PEG-rt-PA derivatives in rat
      plasma in vitro. A somewhat longer half-life (t1/2) of the one derivative studied
      was observed in dogs (t1/2, 16 minutes) as compared with the rat (t1/2, five
      minutes). This was sufficient to confer thrombolytic activity upon the derivative
      (administered by bolus injection) in contrast to native rt-PA. The potential of
      PEG-modified rt-PA as a long-lived thrombolytic agent in humans will depend,
      however, on whether there will be a further extension of the t1/2 because of a
      reduction in clearance and/or a reduction in the rate of inactivation.

PMID- 3370313
TI  - Clonal evolution following chemotherapy-induced stem cell depletion in cats
      heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
AB  - The number of hematopoietic stem cells necessary to support normal hematopoiesis
      is not known but may be small. If so, the depletion or damage of such cells could
      result in apparent clonal dominance. To test this hypothesis, dimethylbusulfan [2
      to 4 mg/kg intravenously (IV) x 3] was given to cats heterozygous for the X
      linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). These cats were the
      daughters of domestic X Geoffroy parents. After the initial drug-induced
      cytopenias (2 to 4 weeks), peripheral blood counts and the numbers of marrow
      progenitors detected in culture remained normal, although the percentages of
      erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming
      cells (CFU-GM) in DNA synthesis increased, as determined by the tritiated
      thymidine suicide technique. In three of six cats treated, a dominance of
      Geoffroy-type G-6-PD emerged among the progenitor cells, granulocytes, and RBCs.
      These skewed ratios of domestic to Geoffroy-type G-6-PD have persisted greater
      than 3 years. No changes in cell cycle kinetics or G-6-PD phenotypes were noted
      in similar studies in six control cats. These data suggest that clonal evolution
      may reflect the depletion or damage of normal stem cells and not only the
      preferential growth and dominance of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3370314
TI  - Covalent crosslinking of human coagulation factor V by activated factor XIII from
      guinea pig megakaryocytes and human plasma.
AB  - Coagulation factor V (FV) has been shown to be synthesized in both the liver and
      megakaryocytes. We now present evidence that FV can be covalently crosslinked by
      an enzyme originating from megakaryocytes to form polymeric multimers of factor
      V. The guinea pig megakaryocyte enzyme appears to be factor XIIIa since the FV
      crosslinking activity (1) had an absolute requirement for Ca++, (2) was
      completely inhibited by iodoacetamide, 5,5'-dithiobis- (2-nitrobenzoic acid), p
      chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid, and N-ethylmaleimide, all known alkylators of
      the thiol group at the active site of the factor XIIIa, (3) was blocked by known
      pseudoamine donor substrates of factor XIIIa including dansylcadaverine and
      putrescine, and (4) could be directly demonstrated in the guinea pig
      megakaryocyte lysate by a specific activity staining procedure. No
      tranglutaminase was detected in guinea pig megakaryocytes in contrast to red
      cells and liver. A similar pattern of covalent crosslinking of human FV by
      purified activated human plasma factor XIII was also demonstrated. Analysis of
      the crosslinked products of FV formed by the guinea pig enzyme by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicates the formation of
      intermediate as well as higher molecular weight polymers, suggesting that the
      crosslinking is a stepwise polymerization process.

PMID- 3370315
TI  - A myeloid-related sequence that localizes to human chromosome 8q21.1-22.
AB  - A myeloid-related sequence (mrs) has previously been identified that is highly
      expressed in selected subpopulations of myeloid leukocytes. Nucleotide sequence
      analysis indicates that mrs encodes what is apparently a unique 93-amino acid
      protein that includes an 18-amino acid leader sequence. Hybridization of an mrs
      cDNA probe to a Southern blot made from somatic cell hybrid DNAs shows 100%
      concordance with human chromosome 8, thus indicating that mrs localizes to this
      chromosome. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes further sublocalizes
      mrs to bands 8q21.1-23 as 58% of the grains displayed on chromosome 8 were
      clustered in this region. This area encompasses the translocation breakpoint
      8q22, which is rearranged in an estimated 18% of patients diagnosed with the M2
      subclassification of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (M2-ANLL). When Southern blot
      hybridization was performed by using somatic cell hybrid DNAs harboring either a
      single 8q- or a single 21q+ chromosome from two different patients with M2-ANLL,
      a signal was only detected in the hybrid containing the 8q-chromosome.

PMID- 3370316
TI  - Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age.
AB  - Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased
      incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population.
      To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging
      process we studied the Fc receptor-mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes
      in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled
      autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates
      in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological
      decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

PMID- 3370317
TI  - Significance of extra 18q- chromosome in Japanese t(14;18)-positive lymphoma.
AB  - Karyotype evolution of t(14;18)-positive lymphoma was studied in 13 Japanese
      patients. The extra 18q- chromosome, found in six of ten patients with complex
      karyotypes, was the most common change subsequent to a t(14;18)(q32;q21)
      chromosome translocation. The additional change was interpreted as being a
      duplication of an 18q- derived from a t(14;18). The six patients had transformed
      histology of follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma or diffuse large cell
      lymphoma, and five of them had extranodal expansion associated with a poor
      prognosis. These findings indicate that the extra 18q-, together with other
      chromosome abnormalities, is closely associated with the advanced grade disease
      of t(14;18)-positive lymphoma, and the extra chromosome is evolutionally
      comparable with the second Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome often found in the
      blastic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia carrying a t(9;22)(q34;q11). In
      addition, since the extra 18q- is rarely found in American patients with t(14;18)
      positive lymphoma, there appears to be a difference in the karyotype evolution
      between Japanese and American patients.

PMID- 3370318
TI  - Lack of evidence of prolonged human immunodeficiency virus infection before
      antibody seroconversion.
AB  - Recently, considerable concern has been raised regarding the possibility that
      antibody-based screening tests for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may
      fail to detect certain high-risk individuals for prolonged periods of time. It
      has been proposed that testing for HIV-related antigen may be a necessary
      procedure to detect such individuals. To address this issue, we longitudinally
      studied two groups of homosexual men: direct sexual partners of acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients and
      individuals who ultimately sero-converted. There was no evidence of prolonged
      infection with HIV in the absence of detectable antibody in these two groups. It
      appears at this time that, even among subjects at very high risk for HIV
      infection, currently available antibody-based assays are sufficient to identify
      infected individuals.

PMID- 3370319
TI  - Detection of hemin release during hemoglobin S denaturation.
AB  - Sickle hemoglobin is relatively unstable upon oxidation or mechanical shaking.
      During denaturation, it generates oxygen radicals and hemichromes and ultimately
      precipitates in the form of micro-Heinz bodies. It is not clear, however, whether
      the degradation product hemin, which is a potent hemolytic agent and a potential
      perturbant to protein-protein interactions in the red cell membrane skeleton, is
      also generated during sickle hemoglobin denaturation. By specific absorption of
      hemin with Dowex AG 1-X8 anion-exchange resin at high-ionic strength conditions,
      we now separate hemin for quantitation from the bulk hemoglobin and its
      derivatives. We demonstrate that upon mechanical shaking oxyhemoglobin S
      denatures much faster than oxyhemoglobin A and that a considerably higher level
      of hemin is detected in the shaken hemoglobin S as compared with hemoglobin A. By
      using the same method to measure the hemin content in the hemolysate of fresh red
      cells from patients with sickle cell disease, we detect a three- to fivefold
      increase in the hemin content in these patients (0.4 to 0.75 mumol/L) as compared
      with normal individuals (0.1 to 0.15 mumol/L). These data suggest that the
      instability of sickle oxyhemoglobin leads to increased intracellular
      precipitation of hemoglobin and the release of hemin, which may play a role in
      the membrane lesion of sickle red cells.

PMID- 3370321
TI  - [Something new on the carcinoembryonic antigen].

PMID- 3370320
TI  - Sulfide silver amplification of ferritin iron cores in blood and bone marrow
      cells. Methods, adaptations to microphysical analyses, and the impact of advanced
      iron overload.
AB  - A short exposure of cell suspensions to gaseous hydrogen sulfide, appropriate
      fixations, and subsequent physical development of silver shells around sulfidated
      insoluble metals were used to amplify ferritin iron cores in blood and bone
      marrow cells. The methods described are suitable for both light microscopy and
      transmission electron microscopy. These techniques made it possible to visualize
      Prussian Blue stainable ferritin and haemosiderin, as well as a large variety of
      isoferritin iron and other smaller particles beyond the sensitivity of Prussian
      Blue staining. Admixtures of sulfidatible zinc and traces of other heavy metals
      had to be taken into consideration. For further research, adaptations of sulfide
      silver staining to microphysical analyses were developed. However, conventional
      energy dispersive X-ray analysis was not sensitive enough to signalize the
      presence of Fe in sulfide silver amplified iron cores of a single or a few
      ferritin molecule(s). Proton-induced X-ray emission was used to measure Fe and Zn
      down to 1 fg/single cell in unstained or sulfide silver stained smears on thin
      foils. However, multielement analysis of homogeneous cell concentrates was much
      easier to perform and far more sensitive. In advanced iron overload, highly
      increased sulfide silver staining was found in peripheral blood cells including
      lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and--in extreme cases--also in
      neutrophils and platelets.

PMID- 3370322
TI  - [Pure gonadal dysgenesis with 46 XY karyotyping (Swyer's syndrome) with
      gonadoblastoma, dysgerminoma and embryonal carcinoma].
AB  - We report the clinical and pathologic findings in a 22-year-old woman with XY
      gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer's syndrome), who had bilateral gonadoblastoma
      associated on the right side with a dysgerminoma and an embryonal carcinoma.
      Swyer's syndrome is a distinct type of pure gonadal dysgenesis characterized by a
      46 XY karyotype. It shows an abnormality in testicular differentiation. The
      patients are phenotypic females without stigmas of Turner syndrome. They have
      also elevated gonadotropins and hypoplastic gonads without germ-cells. The tumor
      that usually develops in Swyer's syndrome is gonadoblastoma. This tumor arises on
      dysgenesic gonads with a Y chromosome. Although gonadoblastoma is considered
      benign, the risk of malignant germ cell development is high. This means that
      these dysgenesic gonads should be removed surgically as soon as Swyer's syndrome
      is established.

PMID- 3370323
TI  - [Breast cancer: the role of scintigraphy in the initial evaluation and follow-up
      of patients with small tumors (T less than or equal to 3 cm)].
AB  - To evaluate the utility of bone scans for the follow-up of patients with small
      breast cancers (T less than or equal to 3 cm), the files for 133 patients whose
      disease was diagnosed between Jan. 1, 1979 and Dec. 31, 1980 were reviewed. At
      initial presentation, two of these patients already had bone metastases. During
      their disease course, 30 patients developed metastases and 16 of them had at
      least one bone metastasis. In 7 of these 16 cases, the bone metastasis was
      solitary; in 4 cases bone lesions were symptomatic. A total of 178 bone scans
      were performed during the follow-up of these 133 patients; 16 of these scans were
      positive, but only 4 examinations allowed the diagnosis of bone metastasis.
      Despite the slight prognostic value of initial bone scanning in this series, the
      technique is of little value unless it is combined with clinical examinations
      aimed at early detection of disease recurrence or metastasis. Except as part of
      clinical trial protocols, systematic bone scans appear unnecessary for the
      staging and follow-up of patients with small breast cancers.

PMID- 3370324
TI  - In vitro clonogenicity in relation to kinetic and clinicopathological features of
      breast cancer.
AB  - The clonogenicity in soft agar and the labeling index (LI) which represents the
      percentage of cells in the DNA synthesis phase, were studied in 59 breast cancer
      patients and these parameters were related to other known clinicopathological
      features, namely age, histological grading, estrogen and progesterone receptors
      and the status of axillary lymph nodes. Out of 59 tumors, 49 could be
      successfully cloned in soft agar and the mean plating efficiency (PE) was 0.1%.
      Low grade tumors were more frequently encountered in tumors which did not form
      colonies (P = 0.025). Cloned tumors had a higher mean LI (P = 0.05). A high PE
      was associated with low estrogen receptors (ER) (P = 0.03). Clonogenicity was not
      related to patient age, progesterone receptors (PR) or the status of axillary
      lymph nodes. These results suggest that a successful in vitro cloning and a high
      PE are associated with unfavorable prognostic factors in breast cancer.

PMID- 3370326
TI  - [Growth factors in oncology. Paris, 12 October 1987. French Cancer Society.
      Growth Factors Club. Abstracts].

PMID- 3370325
TI  - [Pediatric cancerology in Algeria. Current status and perspectives].
AB  - Pediatric oncohematology represents 40% of our daily activity. Its management is
      analyzed and conditions of its development discussed. In underdeveloped
      countries, financial, human and management health resources are severely limited.
      Far less than 8.5% of national product (estimated necessary for a health service
      to meet population requirements) are spent in Algeria. Then rationing health
      services is implicit and eventually left to physicians. Limited access to
      hospitals is more drastic to children than to adults. Paediatricians have
      therefore to manage their activity to get best value for money spent on health
      care, training and research.

PMID- 3370327
TI  - Disappearance of deoxynivalenol from digesta progressing along the chicken's
      gastrointestinal tract after intubation with feed containing contaminated corn.

PMID- 3370328
TI  - Petrochemical-related DNA damage in wild rodents detected by flow cytometry.

PMID- 3370329
TI  - Spontaneous recovery of cholinesterases after organophosphate intoxication:
      effect of environmental temperature.

PMID- 3370330
TI  - Effects of daily soman administration on rabbit blood pressure, temperature, body
      weight, and erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterases.

PMID- 3370331
TI  - Effects of technical and commercial grade phosphamidon on the carbohydrate
      metabolism in selected tissues of penaeid prawn, Metapenaeus monoceros
      (Fabricius).

PMID- 3370332
TI  - Disappearance rates of chlorothalonil (TCIN) in the aquatic environment.

PMID- 3370333
TI  - Translobular uptake patterns of environmental toxicants in the rat liver.

PMID- 3370334
TI  - Binding of cadmium chloride and Cd-metallothionein to mucosal brush border
      membrane of the rat small intestinal tract.

PMID- 3370335
TI  - Time-dependent distribution of sodium selenite in the female ICR mouse.

PMID- 3370336
TI  - Systemic toxicity of coal liquefaction products: results of a 14-day dermal
      exposure.

PMID- 3370337
TI  - Influence of partial hepatectomy on the metabolic disposition of nickel in rats.

PMID- 3370338
TI  - Effects of aluminium chloride on human spermatozoa.

PMID- 3370339
TI  - Comparison of elemental concentrations in the wood of three tree species growing
      adjacent to an inactive chromium smelter.

PMID- 3370340
TI  - Cadmium and zinc concentrations in the potable water of the Eastern Province of
      Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3370341
TI  - Resistance of temperature tolerance ability of green sunfish to cadmium exposure.

PMID- 3370342
TI  - Comparative toxicities of benzene, chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzenes to sea
      urchin embryos and sperm.

PMID- 3370343
TI  - Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of
      mudminnows (Umbra limi) and brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus).

PMID- 3370344
TI  - Intermittent flow system for population toxicity studies demonstrated with
      Daphnia and copper.

PMID- 3370345
TI  - Sublethal effects of copper and mercury on some biochemical constituents of the
      estuarine clam Villorita cyprinoides var. cochinensis (Hanley).

PMID- 3370346
TI  - Toxicity of methylenebisthiocyanate (MBT) to several freshwater organisms.

PMID- 3370348
TI  - Diurnal patterns of ammonium and un-ionized ammonia in streams receiving
      secondary treatment effluent.

PMID- 3370347
TI  - Effect of amino acids on the toxicity of heavy metals to phytoplankton.

PMID- 3370349
TI  - Studies on the increase in serum concentrations of urea cycle amino acids among
      subjects exposed to cadmium.

PMID- 3370351
TI  - Suppression of serum iron-binding capacity and bone marrow cellularity in pigs
      fed aflatoxin.

PMID- 3370350
TI  - Metabolic alterations in liver and testes of adult and newborn rats following
      cadmium administration.

PMID- 3370352
TI  - Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on estrous cycles and mating behavior in
      female rats.

PMID- 3370353
TI  - Effect of exposure to cigarette sidestream smoke on growth in young rats.

PMID- 3370354
TI  - Distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human whole blood and its
      association with, and extractability from, lipoproteins.

PMID- 3370355
TI  - Determination of organic chemicals in human whole blood: preliminary method
      development for volatile organics.

PMID- 3370357
TI  - Effects of phthalate esters on plant seedlings and reversal by a soil
      microorganism.

PMID- 3370358
TI  - Mass spectral investigations on trichothecene mycotoxins. V. Direct analysis of
      satratoxins by tandem mass spectrometric techniques.
AB  - Under chemical ionization conditions, satratoxins preferentially produce
      negatively charged molecular ions (M-) over the positively charged protonated
      molecules. Collisionally activated dissociation of the M-.ions resulted in
      daughter ions and neutral losses which were characteristic of the macrocyclic
      ester bridges. Direct tandem mass spectrometric methods of analyses wee developed
      and applied for the detection and quantification of satratoxins in Stachybotrys
      atra fermentation broths. Minimum detectable levels for satratoxin standards were
      5 pg. A synthetically modified macrocyclic trichothecene, 8-ketoverrucarin A, was
      used as an internal standard for the quantification of satratoxins in
      fermentation samples.

PMID- 3370356
TI  - Two methods for evaluating avian food avoidance data.

PMID- 3370359
TI  - Rapid identification of drug metabolites with tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method which involves the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the
      identification of drug metabolites has been demonstrated with a triple quadrupole
      mass spectrometer. The method is based on the fact that metabolites usually
      retain various substructures of the original drug molecule. MS/MS is capable of
      rapidly identifying molecules with characteristic substructures without prior
      separation. It is shown that this method makes it possible to postulate possible
      drug metabolite structures rapidly and systematically without the use of
      standards. The MS/MS method, as it was applied to the identification of the
      metabolites of a new antiepileptic drug, zonisamide, is discussed. In this case
      it was possible to identify isomeric metabolites due to their differences in
      vaporization times off the probe and their different daughter spectra. The
      complementary uses of the neutral loss and parent scans for the determination of
      the site of metabolism is demonstrated. A new figure of merit, the limit of
      identification, is introduced. The amount of the epoxide metabolite of
      carbamazepine necessary for its reliable identification in urine was shown to be
      0.4 ng/microliter. The application of various techniques to confirm preliminary
      findings with this MS/MS method are described.

PMID- 3370360
TI  - Identification of metabolites of tiropramide in human urine.
AB  - The metabolites of tiropramide were extracted from the urine of healthy
      volunteers given tiropramide hydrochloride orally. Eight metabolites of
      tiropramide were found by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Three were
      identified on the basis of their mass spectra, retention times and comparison
      with synthetic standards. For the others a probable structure is proposed on the
      basis of their mass spectra.

PMID- 3370361
TI  - Mass spectral analysis of some derivatives and in vitro metabolites of steviol,
      the aglycone of the natural sweeteners, stevioside, rebaudioside A, and
      rubusoside.
AB  - Steviol (ent-13-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid), the aglycone of various plant
      derived glycoside sweeteners consumed by human populations, is known to be
      mutagenic toward Salmonella tymphimurium strain TM677 when metabolically
      activated using a 9000 x g supernatant fraction derived from the liver of Aroclor
      1254-pretreated rats. Mass spectral analysis of this diterpenoid and some analogs
      revealed characteristic patterns reflecting differential stereochemistry at the
      C/D rings and variations in the nature of the substituents present. Such
      information has been used to help identify several in vitro metabolites of
      steviol in conditions known to produce a mutagenic response, when analyzed by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. The major pathways of such steviol mammalian
      metabolism proved to be allylic oxidation and epoxidation. 15-Oxosteviol, a
      product of oxidation of the major steviol metabolite, 15alpha-hydroxysteviol, was
      found to be a direct-acting mutagen [corrected].

PMID- 3370362
TI  - Thermospray liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: application to the
      elucidation of zolpidem metabolism.
AB  - This paper discusses the possible advantages of thermospray liquid
      chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry LC/MS/MS for metabolic mapping. The
      technique was applied to the study of the metabolism of zolpidem, a new hypnotic
      with an imidazo-pyridine moiety. When compared to other chromatographic/mass
      spectrometric-based techniques, reversed phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography coupled with thermospray LC/MS/MS appears to be the fastest method
      available today for elucidation of unknown metabolic structures, since it allows
      identification by direct injection of concentrated urine. However, it was noted
      during the thermospray process that loss of formaldehyde from a hydroxymethyl
      amide metabolite occurred. This degradation was not observed when this metabolite
      was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry following
      trimethylsilylation.

PMID- 3370363
TI  - Mass spectrometric characterization of some human metabolites of flumecinol.
AB  - The mass spectrometric behaviour of six human metabolites formed by hydroxylation
      in various positions of the alpha-ethyl group or/and on the phenyl ring of 3
      trifluoromethyl-alpha-ethyl-benzyhydrol (flumecinol) and seven related compounds
      has been studied. The electron impact mass (EI) spectra of these compounds show
      significant and characteristic effects of substituents, but many of them suffer
      from weakness or even from absence of the M+. peak owing to the very facile
      primary loss of the alpha-aliphatic chain, i.e. no direct information can be
      obtained about the size of the molecule and that of this chain. It is
      demonstrated for derivatives possessing a hydroxylated alpha-ethyl group that the
      difficulties in structural characterization due to the lack or weakness of M+.
      and [M + H]+ peaks in their EI and chemical ionization mass spectra,
      respectively, can be overcome by studying their silyated or boronated
      derivatives. Furthermore, silyation enables us to obtain a clear base for
      distinction of the primary and secondary alcohols of this type.

PMID- 3370365
TI  - AIDS WHO and IUATLD.

PMID- 3370364
TI  - Chemical ionization mass spectra of high molecular weight, biologically active
      compounds produced following supercritical fluid chromatography.

PMID- 3370366
TI  - Five-year activity report of Niamey's (Niger) National Antituberculosis Centre.
      An effort of computarization.

PMID- 3370367
TI  - XXVIth World Conference. Selected papers on tuberculosis and asthma from ordinary
      sessions: Part II.

PMID- 3370368
TI  - Multiple solutions of a model describing cancerous growth.

PMID- 3370369
TI  - A mathematical derivation of the P-V relation at end-systole.

PMID- 3370370
TI  - RF-cell: a model for populations of randomly interconnected neurons.

PMID- 3370372
TI  - Information studies, librarianship, and professional leadership.

PMID- 3370371
TI  - Significance levels for biological sequence comparison using non-linear
      similarity functions.

PMID- 3370373
TI  - The usefulness of monographic proceedings.
AB  - Librarians have often questioned the usefulness of the proceedings of biomedical
      meetings. Because articles in proceedings are similar to journal articles, the
      usefulness of the two were compared. Thirty-two monographic cardiovascular
      proceedings were compared to thirty-five cardiovascular journals, all published
      in 1978. Citations to the articles in these samples were counted for the years
      1978, 1979, and 1980, and an impact factor was calculated for each proceedings
      and journal. The mean impact factor of the journals (3.86) was significantly
      higher than the mean impact factor of the proceedings (0.98, p less than .001). A
      short delay in publication of a proceedings was not associated with a higher
      impact factor. There were no differences in impact factors between U.S. and non
      U.S. meeting sites. Proceedings of "hot" topics were not associated with higher
      impact factors, and multiple-index coverage of proceedings was only weakly
      associated (tau = 0.27) with higher impact factors. While camera-ready
      proceedings had a significantly higher mean impact factor (2.37) than typeset
      proceedings (0.66, p less than .02), selection based on printing method is not
      recommended. It is concluded that most libraries can safely forego the purchase
      of monographic proceedings. If a library needs monographic proceedings, it should
      purchase only those recommended by subject specialists.

PMID- 3370374
TI  - The information needs of health care professionals and consumers in developing
      countries.
AB  - The health information needs of health care professionals and consumers in less
      developed countries, although somewhat similar to those of their U.S.
      counterparts, have a number of unique differences. Health care professionals in
      developing countries are more diverse in their backgrounds, training, experience,
      and work settings. These differences, combined with cultural variables, a lack of
      resources and trained information professionals, contribute to the complexity of
      health information delivery. Consumers in developing countries, due to a lower
      literacy rate and a higher rate of commercial health information, face different
      problems when attempting to make health-related decisions.

PMID- 3370375
TI  - Selective Medical Library on Microfiche. An international experiment supported by
      the Rockefeller Foundation.
AB  - The Selective Medical Library on Microfiche (SMLM) project is designed to improve
      access to the world's significant biomedical literature in developing countries'
      medical school libraries through the provision of a first-rate, low-cost core
      collection of journals. One hundred and five journals representing thirty-six
      biomedical specialties were selected using a method designed specifically for
      SMLM. The journals are provided on microfiche because of its relative low cost,
      durability, easy reproduction, and rapid delivery by air mail. SMLMs have been
      established at test and demonstration sites in four medical schools in Egypt,
      Indonesia, Mexico, and Colombia. SMLMs are delivered as turnkey systems
      consisting of the microfiche collection, a reader-printer, four fiche readers,
      necessary furniture, and promotional and training materials. The project involves
      extensive evaluation.

PMID- 3370376
TI  - The World Health Organization Library (Geneva) and Health Literature Services
      Programme.
AB  - The origins and functions of the World Health Organization (WHO) Library and the
      global, regional, and national objectives of the WHO Health Literature Services
      Program (HLSP) are reviewed. WHO is an aggregate of nations and not a supra
      national body. With limited resources and unlimited needs, HLSP is involved in
      surveys, training, regional medical libraries, national and regional networks,
      bibliographic services and document delivery, promotion, coordination, and
      communication. The basic concept of HLSP eschews internationally-conceived, self
      contained technical projects in favor of broad programs based on national
      planning. Small rural centers receive more attention than large urban hospitals,
      and preventive medicine together with health education and community involvement
      are of more immediate concern than curative medicine. National self-reliance
      implies national initiative but not necessarily national self-sufficiency. Recent
      planning and implementation of HLSP activities are described.

PMID- 3370377
TI  - Report of a cooperative venture between the China Medical University library and
      the medical library of McGill University.
AB  - In March/April 1986, the medical library at McGill University in Montreal, Canada
      signed a cooperative agreement with the China Medical University (CMU) Library in
      Shenyang, China. This paper analyzes the operations of the CMU library within the
      context of the Chinese system of medical education, health care delivery, and
      medical librarianship. The CMU library is described in terms of collections,
      cataloging procedures, filing, public services (reference, bibliographic
      instruction, circulation, copy service), interlibrary loans, networking,
      conservation of materials, and personnel. Some interesting comparisons are made
      between the two libraries with respect to holdings, services provided, and
      training of staff. The plans for future cooperation are outlined.

PMID- 3370378
TI  - Library-wide use of a dBASE acquisitions system.

PMID- 3370379
TI  - Peer review and the evaluation of manuscripts.

PMID- 3370380
TI  - Requests for proposals for library automation.
AB  - Many health sciences libraries are now considering integrated automated systems
      for an investment of several hundred thousand dollars. The request for proposals
      (RFPs) is the usual method of selecting candidate vendors for close inspection of
      promising systems. This paper draws upon the experience of the Library of Rush
      University and that of twelve other health sciences libraries. The libraries were
      interviewed by telephone using a short questionnaire that asked them to compare
      the RFPs with the systems actually obtained and their experiences in implementing
      them. The libraries were also asked, with the benefit of hindsight, what would
      they have done differently. Four vendors were also interviewed by telephone, in
      order to get their point of view.

PMID- 3370381
TI  - An introduction to independent learning skills for incoming medical students.
AB  - A partnership was initiated between educators of the College of Medicine and the
      McGoogan Library at the University of Nebraska Medical Center to establish a new
      educational component for incoming medical students. The objective was to
      encourage the development of the students' independent information seeking
      skills. A three-day seminar was introduced in which the process of seeking
      information was emphasized rather than the final product. Cooperative development
      of the seminar resulted in a fresh approach to educating medical students at the
      College of Medicine and the emergence of an ongoing instructional link between
      the library faculty and educators in the College of Medicine.

PMID- 3370383
TI  - Risk taking.

PMID- 3370382
TI  - The new Health Sciences Library at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
AB  - The new Health Sciences Library at the State University of New York at Buffalo is
      a harmonious and functional blend of the old and the new. The old is a renovated
      Georgian style building with formal rooms containing fireplaces, carved woodwork
      and English oak paneling. The new is a contemporary four-story addition. Through
      the arrangement of space and the interior design, the new library offers users
      easy access to services and resources; accommodates the heavy daily flow of users
      and library materials; provides an environment of comfort, quiet, and safety; and
      promotes efficient communication among all segments of the library staff. This
      was accomplished through sound architectural design which included close
      consultation with the library director and staff during the planning process. The
      new library is equipped to face the challenge of meeting the needs of biomedical
      education, research, and clinical programs of the institution and its
      constituents in the years to come.

PMID- 3370384
TI  - Control of alveolar surfactant in rats at rest and during prolonged hyperpnoea:
      pharmacological evidence for two tissue pools of surfactant.
AB  - 1. Propranolol, atropine and indomethacin (i.p.) affect neither the amount
      (PLalv), nor the specific activity (PLalvsp.act.) of alveolar surfactant-type
      phospholipids lavaged from the lungs of unanaesthetized rats, either at rest or
      made hyperpnoeic for 24 h with 5%CO2/13%O2/82%N2. 2. Whereas salbutamol (280
      micrograms kg-1 body weight, i.p.) consistently increased PLalv and PLalvsp.act.,
      pilocarpine (1.5, 3, 10 and 50 mg kg-1, i.p.) and labetalol (1 and 5 mg kg-1,
      i.p.) had no effect. The dose of pilocarpine reported by others to release
      surfactant (150 mg kg-1) induced marked salivation, diarrhoea, chromodacryorrhoea
      and a three-fold increase in tidal volume. 3. In the isolated perfused lung of
      the rat, salbutamol (1.5 microM) consistently increased PLalvsp.act, whereas
      pilocarpine (0.1 and 1 microM) had no effect on these variables. 4. In the
      isolated perfused lung, the maximum amount of surfactant that could be released
      by salbutamol (0.5 mM) was smaller than that which could be released in response
      to an increase in tidal volume (peak inflation pressure 28 cmH2O). 5. When the
      concentration of salbutamol in the isolated perfused lung was adjusted to produce
      the same increase in PLalv as did a single simulated deep breath, the PLalvsp.act
      was significantly increased by salbutamol, but not by the simulated deep breath.
      6. We conclude, that neither the autonomic nervous system nor the prostaglandin
      system is essential for the release of surfactant at rest or during hyperpnoea.
      Furthermore, we suggest that two pools of surfactant, with different release
      mechanisms, exist in lung tissue.

PMID- 3370385
TI  - Changes in central GABAergic function following acute and repeated stress.
AB  - 1. The function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic systems in response to
      acute and repeated stressful manipulations was evaluated in both the corpus
      striatum and frontal cerebral cortex of the rat. 2. In the corpus striatum the
      activity of the synthetic enzyme for GABA (glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD) and
      the levels of GABA were reduced by acute immobilization stress (1 h). GABA
      turnover was reduced only by acute cold stress (3 h, 4 degrees C). 3. In the
      frontal cerebral cortex no changes were observed after acute stressful
      manipulations, but repeated stress (0.5 h immobilization per day for 14 days)
      enhanced both GAD activity and GABA turnover, and reduced GABA levels. 4. In
      conclusion, it would appear that the GABAergic system in the corpus striatum of
      the rat is most sensitive to acute stress and that the system in the frontal
      cerebral cortex area is preferentially responsive to chronic stress. It is
      speculated that the cortical GABAergic system is responsible for adaptive
      responses to the adverse conditions prevailing during chronic stress.

PMID- 3370386
TI  - Secretion, pain and sneezing induced by the application of capsaicin to the nasal
      mucosa in man.
AB  - 1. Topical application of capsaicin to the human nasal mucosa induced a burning
      sensation and sneezing. A dose-dependent seromucous nasal secretion was also
      observed. Capsaicin (75 micrograms) was more potent than methacholine (50 mg) in
      producing nasal secretion, while topical histamine (200 micrograms), substance P
      (135 micrograms) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (36 micrograms) did not
      induce rhinorrhea. 2. Pretreatment with either topical ipratropium bromide,
      systemic dexchlorpheniramine or indomethacin did not influence the effects
      induced by capsaicin. Topical pretreatment with lidocaine inhibited the painful
      sensation but failed to block the rhinorrhea. Desensitization to the effects of
      capsaicin occurred following 4-5 subsequent applications, and full recovery was
      observed within 30-40 days. 3. It is proposed that the effects of capsaicin in
      human nasal mucosa are due to excitation of primary afferent neurones that (a)
      convey burning and painful sensation, (b) evoke a sneezing reflex and (c) induce
      nasal secretion by releasing transmitter(s) from their peripheral terminals.

PMID- 3370387
TI  - Protein kinase C and presynaptic modulation of acetylcholine release in rabbit
      hippocampus.
AB  - 1. The involvement of protein kinase C in the presynaptic modulation of
      stimulated acetylcholine release was investigated in rabbit hippocampus. 2.
      Slices of the rabbit hippocampus, labelled with [3H]-acetylcholine, were
      superfused with medium and stimulated electrically during superfusion. 3. The
      protein kinase C activating phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (4 beta
      PDB) enhanced the electrically evoked tritium overflow in a concentration
      dependent manner. Its biologically inactive 4 alpha-isomer was without any effect
      on transmitter release. 4. The protein kinase C inhibitor polymyxin B decreased
      the stimulation-evoked tritium overflow and counteracted the enhancement of
      release caused by 4 beta-PDB. 5. The stimulation-evoked tritium overflow was
      facilitated when the muscarine receptor antagonist atropine was present. The
      effects of both atropine and 4 beta-PDB, given in combination, were additive. 6.
      The net inhibition of the evoked tritium overflow caused by the muscarine
      receptor agonists carbachol and oxotremorine was similar, irrespective of whether
      4 beta-PDB was present or not. 7. Similar results to those for muscarine
      autoreceptor-mediated inhibition, were obtained for inhibition of the stimulated
      tritium overflow caused by the adenosine receptor agonist (-)-N6-(R
      phenylisopropyl)-adenosine ((-)-PIA) and the opioid receptor agonist
      ethylketocyclazocine (EKC). The net inhibition of both agonists was independent
      of the presence of the phorbol ester. 8. The above results provide further
      evidence for participation of a presynaptically located protein kinase C in the
      modulation of acetylcholine release. However, the modulatory mechanisms which are
      coupled to presynaptic receptors and mediate inhibition of release seem not to be
      directly affected by protein kinase C.

PMID- 3370388
TI  - Studies on the anti-vasoconstrictor activity of BRL 34915 in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats; a comparison with nifedipine.
AB  - 1. The blood pressure lowering and anti-vasoconstrictor effects of BRL 34915 and
      nifedipine were compared in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. In
      conscious SHR, intravenous injection of BRL 34915 (0.1, 0.3 mg kg-1) produced
      rapid, dose-related falls in mean arterial pressure of greater than 3 h duration.
      Nifedipine, at the same intravenous dose levels, also evoked rapid anti
      hypertensive effects, though these responses were of lesser magnitude and
      duration than those observed for BRL 34915. 3. In anaesthetized, ganglion-blocked
      SHR, BRL 34915 (0.1, 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v.) dose-dependently antagonized the pressor
      responses to incremental intravenous infusions of noradrenaline (3.8-28.5 ng min
      1) or phenylephrine (120-907 ng min-1) but did not inhibit pressor responses to
      incremental infusions of methoxamine (0.47-3.63 micrograms min-1), angiotensin II
      (7.0-52.9 ng min-1) or vasopressin (0.27-2.0 mu min-1). 4. In anaesthetized,
      ganglion-blocked SHR, nifedipine (0.1, 0.3 mgkg-1 i.v.) antagonized the pressor
      responses to each of the infused vasoconstrictor agents, being most effective
      against responses to noradrenaline or angiotensin II. 5. In pithed SHR, both BRL
      34915 and nifedipine (each at 0.3 mg kg-1 i.v.) reduced the basal blood pressure
      level and produced marked inhibition of frequency-dependent pressor responses
      evoked by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord sympathetic outflow (0.25-4.0
      Hz). Restoration of the basal diastolic blood pressure to within the control
      range, using a continuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin (0.98 mu min-1),
      prevented the inhibitory effect of BRL 34915. In the case of nifedipine, however,
      even raising the basal blood pressure to a level exceeding that recorded in
      control rats (with vasopressin, 2.0 mu min-1), did not reverse the inhibitory
      effect of the drug on frequency-dependent pressor responses. 6. It is concluded
      that the anti-hypertensive properties of BRL 34915 in SHR are probably unrelated
      to an anti-vasoconstrictor action. In contrast, it is suggested that the broadly
      based anti-vasoconstrictor properties of nifedipine may contribute substantially
      to the anti-hypertensive properties of this drug.

PMID- 3370389
TI  - Pentoxifylline does not reduce infarct size in a canine model of acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - 1. The effect of the haemorrheological agent pentoxifylline was investigated in a
      canine model of acute myocardial infarction, induced by occlusion of the left
      anterior descending coronary for 6 h. Thirty minutes post-occlusion the dogs were
      randomized to receive either distilled water or pentoxifylline (0.3 mg kg-1 min-1
      for 1 h followed by 0.15 mg kg-1 min-1 for 4.5 h) intravenously. 2. At 6 h post
      occlusion the in vivo area at risk was determined with monastral blue dye and the
      area of necrosis was determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The area at
      risk was 16.5 +/- 1.3% in the control group (n = 10) and 17.2 +/- 1.8% in the
      pentoxifylline treated group (n = 10; NS). The area of necrosis was 12.3 +/- 1.9%
      in the control group and 11.9 +/- 2.2% in the pentoxifylline treated group (NS).
      The area of necrosis expressed as a percentage of the area at risk was 69.3 +/-
      7.7% in the control group and 63.6 +/- 7.4% in the pentoxifylline treated group
      (NS). 3. Pentoxifylline had no significant effects on heart rate, systolic or
      diastolic blood pressure. Regional myocardial blood flow, measured by the
      radioactive microsphere technique, was not significantly different between the
      groups. 4. Thus, pentoxifylline does not reduce infarct size in this model of
      acute myocardial infarction and does not enhance coronary collateral blood flow.

PMID- 3370390
TI  - Na/Ca exchange and tension development in vascular smooth muscle: effect of
      amiloride.
AB  - 1. The potassium-sparing diuretic, amiloride, has been shown to inhibit the Na/Ca
      exchange system in various preparations. The effects of this drug have been
      investigated on the contractions of guinea-pig aortic strips elicited by
      reduction of external K, by addition of ouabain and by removal of external Na. 2.
      Amiloride (5 X 10(-6) M-5 X 10(-4) M) inhibited the mechanical responses when it
      was added before giving the stimulus for contractions, but was not effective in
      relaxing the contracted strips. The drug shifted to the right the dose-response
      curve for Ca in low K solution. 3. The calcium antagonist diltiazem had no effect
      on the ouabain-, low K- and Na-free-induced contractions. 4. Amiloride decreased
      the rate of relaxation of aortic strips induced by removal of the low K solution.
      5. The pattern of amiloride action on ouabain-, low K- and Na-free-induced
      contractions suggests that the drug interferes with Ca influx. The effect of
      amiloride on the relaxation rate of low K-contracted aortic strips is consistent
      with an interference with Ca efflux. 6. It is suggested that amiloride prevents
      Ca fluxes through the Na/Ca exchange system of guinea-pig aortic strips.

PMID- 3370391
TI  - A modified mouse air pouch model for evaluating the effects of compounds on
      granuloma induced cartilage degradation.
AB  - 1. Employing rat femoral head cartilage implanted in a 6 day old mouse air pouch,
      the effects of inflammatory stimuli (i.e. cotton pellets, carrageenan, zymosan)
      on the loss of proteoglycan and collagen and granuloma formation have been
      studied. 2. Wrapping of the cartilage in cotton resulted in granuloma formation
      with accelerated loss of proteoglycan and collagen over the 14 day implantation
      period. The amount of loss increased with increasing weight of cotton. 3. The
      effects of different classes of anti-rheumatic drugs on granuloma formation and
      proteoglycan and collagen loss from cotton wrapped femoral head cartilage in the
      mouse air pouch have been studied. 4. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
      (NSAIDs) had no influence on granuloma formation, but in general accelerated the
      rates of proteoglycan and collagen loss. 5. Dexamethasone and prednisolone
      significantly reduced granuloma formation and had a marked protective effect on
      cartilage breakdown. 6. Of the slow acting anti-rheumatic drugs examined, only
      gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) and dapsone significantly decreased cartilage loss,
      with an accompanying modest decrease in granuloma formation. 7. The
      immunosuppressants cyclophosphamide and methotrexate, but not azathioprine,
      reduced cartilage degradation, but had no effect on granuloma formation. 8. The
      results for the different classes of anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs
      are discussed in relation to their effects in other animal models and their
      reported therapeutic activities in man. It is concluded that the mouse air pouch
      method as described offers advantages as an animal model over existing procedures
      to predict therapeutic efficacy in man.

PMID- 3370392
TI  - Autoregulation of acetylcholine release from vagus nerve terminals through
      activation of muscarinic receptors in the dog trachea.
AB  - 1. The effects of pirenzepine and gallamine on the membrane and contractile
      properties of smooth muscle cells and on excitatory neuro-effector transmission
      in the dog trachea were investigated by means of microelectrode, double sucrose
      gap and tension recording methods. 2. Pirenzepine (10(-7) M) and gallamine (10(
      5) M) had no effect on the resting membrane potential or the input resistance of
      the smooth muscle cells. 3. Pirenzepine (10(-10)-10(-9) M) and gallamine (10(-7)
      M) enhanced the amplitude of twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation in
      the combined presence of indomethacin (10(-5) M) and propranolol (10(-6) M). At
      higher concentrations pirenzepine (10(-8) M) inhibited the twitch contractions in
      a dose-dependent manner. Both pirenzepine and gallamine in doses over 10(-7) and
      10(-5) M, respectively, reduced muscle tone. 4. Pirenzepine (10(-10)-10(-9) M)
      and gallamine (10(-7) M) enhanced the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials
      (e.j.ps) evoked by field stimulation (single or repetitive stimulation). However,
      a high concentration of pirenzepine (10(-8) M) reduced the amplitude of e.j.ps.
      In parallel with its action on e.j.ps, pirenzepine (over 10(-9) M) reduced the
      response of smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine (ACh), in a dose-dependent
      manner. Gallamine (5 X 10(-5) M) markedly enhanced the amplitude of e.j.ps but
      also reduced the response of muscle cells to ACh. 5. ACh (10(-10)-10(-9) M)
      inhibited twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation, with a slight increase
      of resting tension. 6. Gallamine enhanced the summation of e.j.ps during
      repetitive field stimulation at a high frequency (20 Hz), but was without effect
      on the depression phenomena of e.j.ps observed during double stimulus experiments
      at different time intervals (5-60 s). 7. These results indicate that both
      pirenzepine and gallamine have dual actions on pre- and post-junctional
      muscarinic receptors in dog tracheal tissue. At low concentrations both agents
      potentiate excitatory neuro-effector transmission, presumably due to enhancement
      of release of ACh from vagal nerve terminals through blockade of a negative auto
      regulatory process activated by endogenous ACh. At higher concentrations, these
      agents inhibit the response of smooth muscle cells to ACh through post-junctional
      muscarinic receptors and relaxation of the muscle tissue occurs.

PMID- 3370393
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced tachycardia in the pig: possible involvement of a new
      type of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced tachycardia is species
      dependent and is mediated directly or indirectly either by '5-HT1-like' (cat), 5
      HT2 (rat, dog) or 5-HT3 (rabbit) receptors, or by an action similar to tyramine
      (guinea-pig). The present investigation is devoted to the analysis of the
      positive chronotropic effect of 5-HT in the pentobarbitone-anaesthetized pig. 2.
      Intravenous bolus injections of 5-HT (3, 10 and 30 micrograms kg-1) in pigs
      resulted in dose-dependent increases in heart rate of 24 +/- 2, 38 +/- 3 and 51
      +/- 3 beats min-1, respectively (n = 39). Topical application of a high
      concentration of 5-HT (150 micrograms kg-1 in 5 ml) on the right atrium was also
      followed by tachycardia (38 +/- 6 beats min-1, n = 4). 3. A number of drugs which
      antagonize responses mediated by different 5-HT receptors--phenoxybenzamine,
      methiothepin, metergoline, methysergide and mesulergine ('5-HT1-like' and 5-HT2
      receptors), ketanserin, cyproheptadine, pizotifen and mianserin (5-HT2
      receptors), and MDL 72222 and ICS 205-930 (5-HT3 receptors)--did not attenuate
      the chronotropic responses to 5-HT. 4. The 5-HT-induced tachycardia was also not
      affected by antagonists at alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors, muscarinic, nicotinic,
      histamine and dopamine receptors, and calcium channels. 5. Selective inhibitors
      of 5-HT-uptake, indalpine and fluvoxamine, themselves increased porcine heart
      rate and facilitated 5-HT-induced tachycardia both in magnitude and in duration.
      6. A number of putative selective agonists at '5-HT1-like' receptors or their
      possible subtypes (5- carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), 8-hydroxy-24di-N,N-n
      propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), BEA 1654 and RU 24969), or at 5-HT3 receptors
      (2-methyl-5-HT), elicited no or only a weak tachycardiac response in the pig. RU
      24969, but not 8-OH-DPAT, seemed to potentiate the responses to 5-HT, whereas 5
      CT slightly inhibited these responses. 7. It was concluded that the tachycardia
      induced by 5-HT in the pig does not involve the receptors for some common
      neurotransmitter substances but may be mediated by a new 5-HT receptor type that
      is clearly different from '5-HT1-like', 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors.

PMID- 3370394
TI  - Enhancement of guinea-pig intestinal peristalsis by blockade of muscarinic M1
      receptors.
AB  - 1. The effects of pirenzepine and hyoscine on the peristaltic reflex were
      investigated in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. Peristalsis was induced
      by raising the intraluminal pressure and the volume of fluid propelled was taken
      as a measure of the efficiency of peristaltic activity. 2. Low concentrations of
      pirenzepine (0.1-1 nM) and of hyoscine (0.01 nM) significantly enhanced
      peristalsis, whereas larger concentrations of both drugs caused inhibition.
      Pirenzepine was about 6 times less potent than hyoscine in increasing
      peristalsis, but was about 100 times less potent in inhibiting it. 3. Neither
      tolazoline (1 microM) nor naloxone (0.3 microM) affected the stimulatory action
      of pirenzepine on peristalsis. 4. Bicuculline increased the efficiency of
      peristalsis at concentrations of 1 microM and 10 microM; at 10 nM, bicuculline
      reduced significantly the increase of peristalsis by pirenzepine. gamma
      Aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not affect peristaltic activity, but the stimulatory
      effect of pirenzepine was abolished in the presence of 100 microM GABA. 5. The
      results indicate that activation of neuronal M1-receptors causes inhibition of
      small intestinal peristalsis. Bicuculline-sensitive 'GABAergic' synapses are
      probably involved in this inhibition.

PMID- 3370395
TI  - Effects of prior exercise on the performance of intense isometric exercise.
AB  - The influence of a regimen designed to lower the muscle glycogen content on the
      capacity to perform a single brief isometric contraction has been studied. Eight
      male subjects performed a single exhausting isometric contraction of the knee
      extensor muscles at a tension corresponding to 60% of maximum voluntary
      contraction (MVC). This was followed by prolonged cycling exercise at a work rate
      equivalent to approximately 75% of maximum oxygen uptake in order to reduce the
      muscle glycogen content. A diet low in carbohydrate was consumed for the
      remainder of this day in order to retard the resynthesis of muscle glycogen. The
      isometric contraction at 60% of MVC was repeated on the following day. Endurance
      time on the first day was 53.8 +/- 8.4 s (mean +/- SD); this was reduced (45.8 +/
      12.1 s; p less than 0.02) on the second day. From previously published data on
      rates of muscle glycogen utilisation during isometric exercise, it seems probable
      that insufficient glycogen is available in the muscle under the low carbohydrate
      condition to enable maximum performance to be achieved.

PMID- 3370396
TI  - Surgical treatment of chronic dislocation of the peroneal tendons.
AB  - Recent reports on the outcome of sports injuries have pointed out that ankle
      sprains may cause long term discomfort, this occasionally being due to peroneal
      tendon dislocation which may become chronic. The present paper reports a method,
      which includes deepening of the retromalleolar groove and at the same time
      maintaining the cartilagenous gliding layer. Long term follow-up (2 to 10 years)
      is presented on four patients. One of the patients returned successfully to
      international track and road races. In each case, the clinical result after the
      operation was successful, the ankles showing normal biomechanical functions.

PMID- 3370397
TI  - The elite marathon runner: problems during and after competition.
AB  - Two questionnaires were given to the participants of the Danish national marathon
      championship to obtain information on health, training habits, previous injuries
      and the medical problems sustained during and after the competition. All 60
      participants replied to both questionnaires. The elite runner is training between
      90-150 km per week, using one daily training session. He is generally careful
      about stretching and warming up and down. Forty-three per cent of runners
      sustained injuries in the last year that prevented them from training, but only
      3% needed to stay off work. The most common reasons for not completing the race
      were exhaustion and injuries to the lower extremities. Sixty-one per cent of the
      runners who did not drink at all refreshment stations dropped out, whereas only
      27% of those who did dropped out. There was no difference in relation to results
      or medical problems between the group who used a special diet before the run and
      those who did not. The major medical problems were gastrointestinal disturbances,
      skin lesions and pain or cramps in the lower extremities. No serious injuries
      were reported.

PMID- 3370398
TI  - Irish rugby injury survey: Dungannon Football Club (1986-87).
AB  - The injuries sustained during one season by players at an Ulster Senior Rugby
      Club were documented with reference to time of injury, phase of play, team
      position, and nature of injury. The overall injury pattern in Irish rugby as
      found in this study is broadly comparable with that in similar studies in England
      and Scotland. Eighty-four players were injured in total. Three of these had
      fractures of which one required hospital admission for open reduction of a
      fractured wrist. The remaining eighty-one players had various types and grades of
      soft-tissue damage. The tackle accounted for approximately one-third of all
      injuries. There were few serious injuries and none involving the spine. Injuries
      to forwards made up almost sixty per cent of the total.

PMID- 3370399
TI  - Treadmill protocols for determination of maximum oxygen uptake in runners.
AB  - Four testing protocols were completed by each of 10 runners using a common speed
      for protocols 1 and 2 (P1 and P2), each runner's training pace for protocol 3
      (P3) and a speed selected manually by the runner for protocol 4 (P4). Stages were
      increased by 2.5% grade every 2 min for each protocol except for P1, which had 1
      min stages. There were no significant differences in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2
      max) between protocols (P1, 65.0 +/- 5.6 ml.kg-1 min-1; P2, 64.5 +/- 5.3 ml.kg-1
      min-1; P3, 66.2 +/- 3.9 ml.kg-1 min-1; P4, 64.7 +/- 5.8 ml.kg-1 min-1). Treadmill
      time was significantly less for P1 than for the other protocols. The rate of
      perceived exertion obtained at maximal exercise during P1 was less than that
      obtained during the other three protocols. Heart rate was significantly lower (P
      less than 0.05) at any level of submaximal VO2 during P3 than during the other
      protocols. We recommend a testing protocol using speeds approximating the
      runner's training pace and 1 min stages. This may result in lower perception of
      difficulty and HR throughout the test and shorter testing times.

PMID- 3370400
TI  - Effect of marathon training on the plasma lactate response to submaximal exercise
      in middle-aged men.
AB  - Twenty-one previously sedentary male volunteers (aged 35-50 years) undertook a
      defined marathon training programme lasting 30 weeks. At weeks 0 (T1), 15 (T2)
      and 30 (T3) they underwent measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max),
      submaximal VO2 and submaximal plasma lactate concentration during cycle
      ergometry. No exercise was taken for 24-48 hours prior to testing. During
      training aerobic power increased significantly (p less than 0.001) from an
      initial VO2 max at T1 of 33.9 +/- 6 (mean +/- sd) ml.kg-1min-1 to 39 +/- 5.6
      ml.kg-1min-1 at T2 but the T3 value of 39.2 +/- 5.2 ml.kg-1min-1 was not
      significantly different from that at T2. Plasma lactate concentration of 4 mmol.l
      1 (OBLAw) occurred at a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher workload (155 +/-
      28 w) at T2 compared with T1 (132 +/- 30 w) but the T3 figure was 137 +/- 34 w.
      OBLA VO2 at T1 was 2.04 +/- 0.42 l.min-1, at T2 was 2.24 +/- 0.04 l.min-1 but at
      T3 was 2.03 +/- 0.30 l.min-1 (T1:T2 P less than 0.05, T1:T3 NS). OBLA % VO2 max
      at T1 was 75 +/- 12%, at T2 was 73 +/- 11% but at T3 was 62 +/- 10% (T1:T2 NS,
      T1:T3 P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3370401
TI  - Effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on delayed onset muscle
      soreness and indices of damage.
AB  - Twenty untrained male volunteers were required to run downhill for 45 minutes on
      a motor driven treadmill to induce muscle soreness. The volunteers took
      diclofenac or placebo before and for 72 hours after two runs 10 weeks apart, in a
      randomised double blind crossover design. Subjective soreness was assessed before
      and at intervals up to 72 hours after each run; venous blood samples, collected
      at the same time intervals, were used to estimate serum activities of creatine
      kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase and serum
      concentrations of creatinine and urea. Subjective soreness and the biochemical
      parameters increased after both runs, although the serum enzyme response to the
      second run was reduced. Diclofenac had no influence on the serum biochemical
      response to downhill running. Although overall soreness was not affected by
      diclofenac, individual soreness measurements were reduced by diclofenac at the
      first period of the study. These results suggest that diclofenac does not
      influence muscle damage, but may slightly reduce the associated soreness.

PMID- 3370402
TI  - Running performance and physiological characteristics of one man over a twenty
      year period.

PMID- 3370403
TI  - Flexor hallucis longus muscle atrophy due to a chronic compartment syndrome of
      the lower leg.

PMID- 3370404
TI  - Ruptured Achilles tendon--preliminary results of a new treatment.
AB  - The preliminary results of a new treatment of ruptured Achilles tendons are
      presented. The new treatment consists of a new tendon suture and a new post
      operative cast in which it is possible to make non-weight bearing movements of
      the ankle immediately after the operation. This makes it possible to walk the day
      after the operation, causes very little discomfort during the time in a cast,
      gives a quick return to normal mobility with normal plantar flexion strength and
      makes it possible to resume sport at the same level as before the injury.

PMID- 3370406
TI  - The social context of emotion.

PMID- 3370405
TI  - Dietary preparation and per cent fat measurement by hydrostatic weighing.
AB  - To examine if the dietary preparation for hydrostatic weighing (HW) alters the %
      fat measurement, seven men and three women (age 29 +/- 6, Males 11.7 +/- 7.3% fat
      and Females 24.1 +/- 5.4% fat, mean +/- SD) were assessed before and after three
      meals. On separate days and in random order, each subject (1) ate a salad with
      toppings (600 g) with small beverage, (2) ate two bean burritos and one bean
      tostada (900 g) with small beverage, and (3) drank 800 ml of carbonated beverage.
      The subject was reweighted 45 min after the meals and immediately after the
      beverage ingestion. Functional residual capacity was assessed simultaneously with
      underwater weight. Dependent t-tests indicated that body weight in air increased
      after each of the three means (Bean 0.78, Salad 0.92, Beverage 0.90 kg, all p
      less than 0.05), but underwater weights were unchanged. Following the salad, body
      density (1064.6 vs 1061.8 kg.m-3) and % fat (15.0 vs 16.3%, p less than 0.05)
      were significantly different pre-meal vs post-meal. Likewise, beverage ingestion
      resulted in decreased body density (1064.7 vs 1061.2 kg.m-3) and increased % fat
      (15.0 vs 16.5%, p less than 0.05). The bean meal did not cause a change in
      measured body density (1062.8 vs 1062.8 kg.m-3) or % fat (15.8 vs 15.8%). These
      results indicate that for the most accurate analysis, preliminary dietary
      preparation for HW should include food and beverage restriction.

PMID- 3370408
TI  - Moods and compliance.
AB  - This study examined the impact of subjects' moods on their compliance with simple
      messages. It was predicted and found that recipients of messages: (1) complied
      more when in a happy mood than when in a neutral state, and (2) complied less
      when in an angry mood than when in a neutral state. These effects were observed
      both when high and low pressure messages were used. Possible boundary conditions
      for the observed effects are discussed.

PMID- 3370409
TI  - Emotion cognition interaction in personality development: a discrete emotions,
      functionalist analysis.
AB  - In this paper we take a discrete emotions approach to personality development. We
      suggest that individual differences in affective organization, acquired during
      the course of development, result in affect-specific biases in expressive
      patterns and idiosyncratic perceptual organizations. These affective biases,
      which have a pervasive influence on a wide domain of individual and interpersonal
      behaviours, contribute to psychological continuities that we identify as
      emotional traits. An array of data in support of this proposition is detailed. We
      propose a developmental model of how such affective organizations may be
      established initially, and the mechanisms by which they become consolidated over
      time. A final section discusses broader implications for developmental theory.

PMID- 3370407
TI  - Passionate women and passionate men: sex differences in accounting for angry and
      weeping episodes.
AB  - This experiment tests a rule-role model of accounting for angry aggression. The
      hypothesis, derived from Averill's (1984) rule model of anger, is that people
      with stronger norms against aggression will account for their own angry
      aggression by interpreting it as passion, that is as externally caused and
      uncontrollable, more than people with weaker norms against aggression. It was
      also hypothesized that sex role would affect interpretations. Women are believed
      to have stronger norms against aggression. Would they therefore account for angry
      aggression by presenting it as externally caused and uncontrollable more than
      men. Subjects (n = 45, 23F and 22M), were asked to evaluate an angry incident as
      if they had taken part in it themselves. Women judged more normative conflict
      about the episode than men, but had low consensus in using passion schemas
      (identified by multiple regression). Men had high consensus in using passion
      schemas. A control condition in which the protagonist wept was carried out (n =
      43, 21F and 22M). In this condition there was some consensus among women in using
      a passion scheme but none among men. It must be concluded that sex role
      constrains the appropriateness of the accounting strategy used.

PMID- 3370410
TI  - Bone scintigraphy and radiography in the early recognition of diabetic
      osteopathy.
AB  - Twenty-seven diabetic patients with clinical evidence of neuropathy were
      investigated by foot radiography, two-phase bone scintigraphy, biothesiometry and
      cardiovascular autonomic function testing. Typical signs of diabetic osteopathy
      on radiography were found in 10 subjects (37%), the degree of radiographic
      abnormality correlating with the severity of neurological impairment.
      Furthermore, all diabetics with evidence of severe neuropathy showed some
      evidence of osteopathy on foot radiographs. In all 10 cases of diabetic
      osteopathy diagnosed radiographically, abnormalities were shown on scintigraphy.
      In addition, five other patients showed scintigraphic abnormalities, without
      corresponding changes on radiography, and in this group the neurological
      impairment was less severe. Although confirmatory longitudinal studies are
      necessary, it seems likely that the earliest changes of diabetic neuropathic
      osteopathy may thus be recognized on bone scintigraphy, at a time when
      conventional radiographs are normal. This stage of diabetic osteopathy is
      associated with a lesser degree of neurological impairment.

PMID- 3370411
TI  - The metacarpal index in homozygous sickle-cell disease.
AB  - The metacarpal index (MCI) was measured in 240 patients with homozygous sickle
      cell (SS) disease and in 1082 normal persons constituting a comparison group. The
      MCI was greater in females than in males, but there appeared to be no significant
      difference between genotypes. Arachnodactyly may occur in some patients with SS
      disease, but there is no evidence of a genotype-related increase in metacarpal
      index.

PMID- 3370412
TI  - Plasma leukotriene C4 and reactions to contrast media.
AB  - Forty-five patients were randomly divided into three groups of 15 and within each
      group patients were given iothalamate, iopamidol or ioxaglate intravenously
      during radiological investigations. The plasma leukotriene C4 level was measured
      before and 30 s and 3 min after the administration of the respective contrast
      media. In patients demonstrating non-idiosyncratic contrast reactions, a
      consistent decrease in plasma leukotriene concentration was noted at both 30 s
      and 3 min following the administration of all three contrast media. A
      statistically significant decrease in plasma leukotriene occurred at 30 s with
      ioxaglate, but not with the other two agents. In the limited number of patients
      who experienced idiosyncratic reactions, the decrease in plasma leukotriene
      concentration was less apparent. This decrease in plasma leukotriene
      concentration has been attributed to changes in plasma volume following
      administration of hyperosmolar contrast media. The inability to demonstrate an
      increase in plasma leukotriene levels following the administration of both
      conventional and new, low-osmolar radiographic contrast media supports the
      cumulative evidence against an allergic mechanism in the majority of non
      idiosyncratic and some idiosyncratic contrast reactions.

PMID- 3370413
TI  - Recurrent groin varicose veins: an assessment by descending phlebography.
AB  - Descending phlebography was performed in 24 legs with groin recurrence following
      previous long saphenous vein surgery. Recurrence was demonstrated in 20 legs
      (83%) and the value of this technique in patient assessment is discussed.

PMID- 3370414
TI  - Results of fast neutron therapy in advanced head and neck cancer.
AB  - Eighty-nine patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with a fast
      neutron beam of mean energy 5.6 MeV. The standard tumour dose was 1320 cGyn,
      gamma in 20 fractions over 4 weeks, but 13 patients with laryngeal cancer
      received 1200 cGyn, gamma. Complete remission was achieved in 50 patients (56%).
      Fifteen patients (17%) survived 2 years, 14 of them being symptom-free. Survival
      correlated with the stage of disease. Encouraging results were obtained for
      cervical node metastases, oropharynx and salivary gland cancer. In laryngeal and
      hypopharyngeal cancer, neutron therapy seems to be disadvantageous. The main
      reason for treatment failure was local recurrence. Two patients died of
      complications.

PMID- 3370415
TI  - Increased risk of cataract in patients receiving radiotherapy to the eye: a pilot
      study.
AB  - Of 507 persons in England and Wales identified as having had radiotherapy to the
      eye or eyes some years previously (after excluding those who had died and were
      not traced), information suitable for analysis could be obtained on 165. Of
      these, 23 had developed other eye disease so that the lens could not be examined.
      Of the other 142, 32 had certainly and one had probably developed cataract. A
      cataract operation had been performed on 19 persons, compared with an expected
      operation rate of four out of 142. The increased risk of cataract after
      radiotherapy to the eye is probably higher than the fivefold excess these figures
      for operations suggest.

PMID- 3370416
TI  - Increased 252Cf therapeutic advantage for an advanced murine lymphoma (LSA)
      growing in vivo.
AB  - The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was determined for 252Cf irradiation
      of the murine LSA lymphoma growing in vivo. Irradiation was performed on Days 1
      3, i.e. on the young and rapidly growing tumour, on Day 5, i.e. the early
      stationary phase, or on Day 7, i.e. the advanced tumour. Mice inoculated with
      10(5) cells would die on about Day 9 with disseminated tumour if untreated.
      Irradiation with acute 60Co or low-dose-rate 252Cf total-body irradiation
      increased the mean survival time (MST). For 252Cf the MST increased linearly with
      dose, the effectiveness being independent of the day of irradiation. For 60Co,
      the MST increased linearly with dose for the tumours irradiated on Days 1-3 but
      two-component curves were noted after irradiation on Days 5-7. Tumour response
      showed an increasing photon-resistant component which gave no increase in MST
      with dose. The RBE was approximately 4 for the early tumours but was greater than
      5 for the advanced and more photon-resistant tumours. 252Cf was effective for the
      treatment of early or advanced stages but was especially effective against the
      advanced, more radioresistant tumours.

PMID- 3370417
TI  - Serum thyroglobulin in the investigation of patients presenting with metastases.
AB  - Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is often very elevated in patients with metastatic
      thyroid carcinoma and, in 18 out of 40 patients examined, serum Tg was found to
      exceed 400 micrograms/l. In only two of 55 patients with benign nodular thyroid
      disease did serum Tg exceed 400 micrograms/l. In patients presenting with
      metastases of unknown origin, the finding of a very elevated serum Tg
      concentration may therefore be of value as an indicator that the metastases are
      due to thyroid carcinoma. During a period in which 128 new patients with
      differentiated thyroid carcinoma were seen, in five who presented with metastatic
      disease the initial estimation of serum Tg had proved useful in suggesting the
      thyroid origin of the metastases.

PMID- 3370418
TI  - Pycnodysostosis with right heart failure due to hypoplastic mandible and chronic
      upper airway obstruction.

PMID- 3370419
TI  - Zinc fume fever.

PMID- 3370420
TI  - Portal and hemiazygos continuation of the inferior vena cava: report of an
      unusual case.

PMID- 3370421
TI  - A fit in a young woman.

PMID- 3370422
TI  - Adverse reactions to contrast media: related to medium or procedure? Observations
      on a case.

PMID- 3370423
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging: the use of the inversion recovery sequence to display
      fetal morphology.

PMID- 3370424
TI  - Determination of human skin pain threshold using 27 MHz radiofrequency heating.

PMID- 3370425
TI  - The measured height of the lumbosacral disc in patients with and without
      transitional vertebrae.
AB  - In the presence of transitional lumbosacral segmentation, the lumbosacral
      intervertebral disc is significantly narrower than its counterpart in non
      transitional spines. Even in spines with no transitional features, the
      lumbosacral disc is significantly narrower than discs at higher levels. This
      narrowing does not imply disc degeneration.

PMID- 3370426
TI  - Magnetic resonance velocity mapping in aortic dissection.
AB  - We describe three patients with chronic aortic dissection in whom both spin-echo
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cine field-echo imaging were performed. The
      field even-echo rephasing (FEER) sequence showed the intimal flaps much more
      clearly than the spin-echo sequence and provided a distinction between thrombus
      and static blood. Velocity mapping allowed flow measurements in the true and
      false lumens. The management of the three patients was based upon the information
      provided by MRI. It is suggested that MRI may avoid invasive investigation and be
      the method of choice in haemodynamically stable patients with aortic dissection
      provided that the FEER sequence is used.

PMID- 3370427
TI  - Left ventricular aneurysm formation: an iatrogenic cause for the third mogul.
AB  - Two cases of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm formation developing post
      operatively after mitral valve replacement are reported. The chest radiographs
      showed an abnormal protuberance on the left heart border at the site of the
      "third mogul". The definitive diagnosis of this protuberance, resulting from the
      development of a left ventricular aneurysm, was made on angiography in each case.
      This site is unusual for left ventricular aneurysm formation, with the exception
      of the annular subvalvular aneurysm described in the negro population. Relevant
      aetiological factors in the development of these post-operative left ventricular
      pseudoaneurysms are considered. Since pseudoaneurysms are more prone to rupture
      than true aneurysms, it is concluded that early diagnosis of development of these
      left ventricular pseudoaneurysms should be made.

PMID- 3370428
TI  - Visualization of the plantar arch by aortography: technique and value.
AB  - Arteriograms of the feet in 100 consecutive, routine aortograms in patients with
      leg ischaemia were analysed to assess the frequency with which the plantar arch
      was visualized. The technique used involved a long injection time, a large volume
      of contrast medium and slow filming. The plantar arch was demonstrated in 75% of
      feet, shown to be occluded in 12% and not demonstrated for technical reasons in
      13%. The importance of the integrity or otherwise of the plantar arch is
      emphasized in assessing patients for distal bypass grafts. It is recommended that
      an attempt be made to demonstrate the plantar arch in all patients undergoing
      aortography for ischaemia of the legs.

PMID- 3370429
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid glands using inversion-recovery
      sequences at 0.08 T.
AB  - One hundred and eight examinations on 103 patients with suspected disease of the
      salivary glands were studied using a 0.08 T resistive magnet and inversion
      recovery pulse sequences. Sixty-eight patients who had a mass lesion within a
      salivary gland later had surgery, and specimens were obtained for histological
      diagnosis. The remaining 35 patients were diagnosed on clinical grounds. In all
      cases the clinical findings were compared with the appearances on magnetic
      resonance imaging (MRI). The use of inversion-recovery pulse sequences allowed
      accurate localization of all tumour masses and, because of the clarity with which
      blood vessels were displayed, the precise relationship of any parotid mass to the
      retromandibular vessels and hence the facial nerve was possible. Whilst MRI did
      not display any pathognomonic features to allow the differentiation of malignant
      cell types or the differentiation of invasive malignant tumours from chronic
      inflammatory disease, it was possible to differentiate parotitis from Mikulicz's
      disease and to diagnose cysts and pleomorphic adenomas by their appearances on
      MRI.

PMID- 3370430
TI  - The computer enhancement of digital grey-scale fluorography images.
AB  - In this article we describe the results of a preliminary investigation of
      computerized processing of digital grey-scale fluorography (DGF) images. Image
      processing techniques used include dynamic range equalization, adaptive contour
      enhancement and non-linear transformation of grey-scale data. Original and
      processed images derived from non-subtractive digital angiography and digital
      spot-film investigations are used to illustrate our findings. The quality of the
      processed images confirms the promise of digital image processing in DGF.

PMID- 3370431
TI  - Differential radioprotection of bone marrow and tumour cells by zinc aspartate.
AB  - The radioprotector zinc aspartate did not inhibit the radiotherapeutic effect of
      gamma rays on human tumours grown as xenografts in immunosuppressed mice, while
      aminothiol radioprotectors afforded a slight inhibition. On the other hand, zinc
      aspartate significantly reduced the fall in the haematocrit and numbers of
      thrombocytes, erythrocytes and leucocytes caused by irradiation, indicating a
      sparing effect on bone marrow precursors of peripheral blood cells. This
      differential protection of neoplastic and normal cells may be of considerable
      benefit in clinical cancer radiotherapy, provided that zinc aspartate is better
      tolerated and has a more favourable therapeutic index in humans than aminothiol
      radioprotectors.

PMID- 3370432
TI  - An unusual case of otorrhoea due to parotid salivary fistula.

PMID- 3370433
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in non-infective destructive spondyloarthropathy.

PMID- 3370434
TI  - Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis.

PMID- 3370435
TI  - Sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic testicular tumour.

PMID- 3370436
TI  - Zygomatic arch simulating a fluid level in the sphenoid sinus.

PMID- 3370437
TI  - Malignant melanoma developing in an irradiation field.

PMID- 3370438
TI  - Multiple mystifying melaenas.

PMID- 3370439
TI  - Re-irradiation of recurrent head and neck cancer with fast neutrons.

PMID- 3370440
TI  - Ring artefacts in x-ray computed tomography.

PMID- 3370441
TI  - Monitoring of surface contamination on sealed sources.

PMID- 3370442
TI  - Allometric comparison of brain weight and brain structure volumes in different
      breeds of the domestic pigeon, Columba livia f.d. (fantails, homing pigeons,
      strassers).
AB  - In three breeds of domestic pigeons (fantails, homing pigeons, and strassers) the
      volumes of fresh, i.e. unfixed tissue of 14 brain structures were determined
      (telencephalon, diencephalon, nervus opticus, tectum, cerebellum, tegmentum and
      hyperstriatum accessorium, hyperstriatum ventrale, neostriatum, paleostriatum,
      hippocampus, septum, regio praepiriformis, bulbus olfactorius). Allometric
      comparisons that take into account differences in body weight and size were made
      among these three breeds. The tectum, hippocampus, paleostriatum and especially
      the neostriatum and olfactory bulb are remarkably larger in homing pigeons. These
      data are discussed in a functional context, in which the homing ability of homing
      pigeons is considered.

PMID- 3370444
TI  - Functional-anatomical studies of neural control of heart rate in goldfish.
AB  - Neural control of heart rate (HR) was investigated in goldfish, Carassius
      auratus, using electrical stimulation of the brain. Three types of HR response
      were evoked by stimulation: HR decreases during stimulation (type I); HR
      increases during stimulation (type II), and HR decreases during stimulation,
      followed by increased rates at the offset (type III). Type I bradycardias were
      evoked by stimulation of the preoptic area and diencephalon, specifically in the
      ventral thalamus-dorsal hypothalamus transitional area, and the region dorsal and
      medial to the nucleus glomerulosus. Additional sites were located above crossing
      tectobulbar fibers in the midbrain and in basolateral medullary reticular areas,
      motor nucleus of the vagus and caudalmost vagal roots. Type II tachycardias were
      evoked by stimulation of sites in the dorsal telencephalon, inferior lobes of the
      hypothalamus and dorsomedial region of the vagal lobes. Type III rebound
      tachycardias were evoked from sites dorsal and medial to the nucleus glomerulosus
      and in the inferior lobe of the hypothalamus. The location of cardioactive sites
      in the brain in goldfish is comparable to that in other vertebrates; however,
      these cardiac responses may be mediated by faciliatory or inhibitory pathways to
      the vagal motor nuclei rather than sympathetic cardiac nerves.

PMID- 3370443
TI  - The development of the jamming avoidance response in the weakly electric fish,
      Eigenmannia.
AB  - The jamming avoidance response (JAR) in young weakly electric fish, Eigenmannia,
      develops at the onset of a functional electrosensory phase-coding system, a
      neural pathway that is critical for the performance of the JAR. Size (measured in
      head to tail length) seems to be the best predictor of the onset of the JAR. A
      distinguishable JAR value (0.15 Hz or greater) develops in fish at a length of 12
      15 mm, and its strength continues to increase with maturity until it approaches
      an adult value (8-20 Hz) at a length of about 45 mm. The JAR is not dependent
      upon social interactions, as it can be performed correctly upon first stimulation
      by animals raised in individual aquaria from the egg stage. Preliminary studies
      suggest that there are anatomical correlates to the development of the JAR
      behavior. As the JAR strengthens with age, there is a concomitant increase in the
      number of giant cells and a development of the commissural plexus in lamina 6 of
      the torus semicircularis. Giant cells play a pivotal role in the phase comparison
      circuit. Both phase and amplitude information play a role in the proper
      performance of the JAR, but the discrete nature of the phase comparison circuit
      allows the correlation between the development of the JAR and an essential part
      of the phase comparison circuit (lamina 6 of the torus) to be observed in
      Eigenmannia.

PMID- 3370446
TI  - Unit activity in the cerebellar nuclei related to arm reaching movements.
AB  - Single units in the fastigial, interpositus and dentate nuclei of two stump-tail
      macaque monkeys were studied in relation to a right arm, visually guided reaching
      task. Of 638 recorded cells, 149 showed activity changes correlated to the task,
      including 24 in the contralateral fastigial and interpositus. Reach-related
      discharge patterns fell into two broad categories, tonic and phasic. Tonic
      responses were maintained throughout the reach with no observable relation to
      kinematic parameters. Most of the task-related activity occurred during the
      upward lift of the arm toward the target button, with a drop-off as the arm was
      lowered toward the rest plate. Phasic response cells fired bursts (or suppressed
      discharge) at specific points in the arm trajectory, most commonly during the
      lift phase. Many had a sharp drop in discharge when the shoulder flexion torque
      was transiently reversed to decelerate the arm. For either type, restricted
      directional specificity was rarely seen in any nucleus, and correlations with
      recorded EMGs were weak. Visual responses to target button illumination were
      observed in both the fastigial and dentate nuclei, but did not necessarily
      correspond with the button giving the best movement-related response. Task
      related activity changes started earliest in the fastigial nuclei and latest in
      the interpositus nuclei. The data suggested that cerebellar output facilitates
      motor centers in a rather general manner, but at precisely determined times.

PMID- 3370445
TI  - Reticulospinal pacemaker neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla with
      putative sympathoexcitatory function: an intracellular study in vitro.
AB  - Extra- and intracellular recordings of tonically active neurons were obtained in
      slices of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla maintained at 31 degrees C. The
      predominant type consisted of cells with a regular non-bursting discharge rate of
      9 +/- 0.3 spikes/s (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 84). Intracellular recordings revealed
      that these neurons (n = 43) exhibited typical pacemaker potentials reset after a
      single spike, and an input resistance of 138 +/- 10 M omega (n = 21). No
      excitatory postsynaptic potentials were detected even during hyperpolarization (5
      10 mV) which invariably resulted in silencing the cells (n = 28). Eighteen cells
      were injected intracellularly with Lucifer yellow, and the tissue was
      subsequently processed for the immunohistochemical detection of the adrenergic
      marker phenylethanol-amine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). None of the 12 dye-marked
      cells recovered exhibited any PNMT-like immunoreactivity, but all were surrounded
      by numerous adrenergic neurons. In 7 rats subjected to intraspinal injections
      (T3) of rhodamine-tagged microbeads, 4 out of 9 pacemaker cells marked
      intracellularly with Lucifer yellow were found labeled with the retrograde
      marker. It is concluded that the rostral ventrolateral medulla contains non
      adrenergic reticulospinal cells with intrinsic pacemaker properties. These
      neurons probably represent a group of sympathoexcitatory cells on which the basal
      sympathetic tone depends.

PMID- 3370447
TI  - Inhibitory effects of acute exposure to low-intensity 60-Hz magnetic fields on
      electrically kindled seizures in rats.
AB  - The possibility that exposure to power-line frequency (60-Hz) magnetic fields
      might affect the development or characteristics of epileptic seizures in
      electrically kindled rats, was examined. Male adult rats with electrodes
      implanted in the basolateral amygdala were exposed to either a 60-Hz, 1.0 gauss
      magnetic field or to a sham field condition for 1 h prior to each daily brain
      stimulation session. EEG recordings were made to measure afterdischarge
      characteristics after each daily brain stimulation. Once the animals exhibited a
      full stage 5 seizure (after approximately 12-15 stimulations) a cross-over
      manipulation was used. On the last test day the sham field control group was
      exposed to the 60-Hz magnetic field for 1 h prior to brain stimulation and the
      experimental group, normally exposed to the magnetic fields, was exposed to the
      sham field condition. Examination of afterdischarge durations revealed a weak
      retardation in the development of kindling in the experimental group (P = 0.08).
      In the cross-over test, exposure to the 60-Hz magnetic fields resulted in a
      significant (P = 0.019) inhibition in afterdischarge duration relative to the
      rats exposed to the sham field conditions. These results clearly suggest an
      inhibitory effect of acute exposure to low intensity 60-Hz magnetic fields on the
      duration of afterdischarges in electrically kindled rats. Possible mechanisms for
      such an effect are discussed.

PMID- 3370448
TI  - Maturation of pyrogen-elicited fever in the kitten.
AB  - The febrile response to the endotoxin Salmonella typhosa was studied in
      developing kittens. We found that kittens younger than 30 days of age generated
      only a small rise in temperature in response to a standardized endotoxin
      challenge that consistently causes fever in adult cats. Some degree of febrile
      response was present at birth, but the dose of pyrogen necessary to elicit a
      fever was 10-15 times greater than that required in the adult. There was a
      gradual increase in both the magnitude and duration of fever as a function of age
      with the largest change occurring after 30 days of age. There was a direct
      relationship between the ability of the kitten to maintain its body temperature
      (Tbo) at the room ambient (Ta) and the magnitude of the elicited fever. However,
      increasing the Ta to thermoneutral (Ta = 30-32 degrees C) did not enhance the
      thermal response indicating that the failure to elicit the fever is not due to
      passive effects of Ta. These data suggest that the febrile response to an
      endotoxin develops over the first 6-7 weeks of the kitten's life and are
      discussed in relation to other physical variables of development.

PMID- 3370449
TI  - Associated norepinephrine loss following calcium-induced spinal paralysis.
AB  - A 10% calcium chloride solution or normal physiological saline was instilled onto
      the intact dorsal surface of the spinal cord via a specially constructed catheter
      canopy system fixed above the T9 level in conscious rats. Within 5 min after
      calcium instillation rats developed flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs with
      sensory loss. Sensory loss was accompanied by abnormal or negative evoked
      potentials. Rats instilled with physiological or 10% sodium chloride remained
      normal. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 16 and 48 h post-calcium exposure and
      following full functional recovery from paralysis. Spinal cords were removed for
      histologic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Histologic
      examination for catecholamines using SPG histofluorescence showed loss of
      catecholamine-containing varicosities in gray matter below calcium exposure which
      returned to normal levels upon sensorimotor recovery of hindlimbs about 14 days
      pce. Light microscopic examination of vascular permeability and general
      morphology of cord tissue axons and neurons remained normal in calcium and saline
      instilled rats. HPLC analysis of spinal cord below calcium exposure, also showed
      norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) tissue level
      reductions which returned to normal upon sensorimotor recovery of paralysis about
      2 weeks later. No significant changes were noted in dopamine or serotonin levels
      in any group. Our findings suggest an impairment of ascending and descending
      tract transmitter transport, specifically reflected in the noradrenergic
      bulbospinal pathway. The results implicate a neurofilament-microtubule
      disassembly in axonal cytoskeleton triggered by the sudden calcium influx.

PMID- 3370450
TI  - Enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius project to
      the parabrachial nucleus of the cat.
AB  - Enkephalin immunoreactive neurons within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)
      were found to project to the parabrachial nucleus of the cat with the use of a
      combination of immunohistochemistry and retrograde transport of horseradish
      peroxidase. Double labelled neurons were located in the medial, parvocellular and
      commissural subdivisions of the NTS and were present predominantly ipsilateral to
      the injection site within the parabrachial nucleus. Only a few double labelled
      neurons were found in the contralateral NTS. The presence of neurons containing
      enkephalin immunoreactivity suggests that the role of enkephalin in the
      regulation of autonomic functions may be, in part, by circuits between the NTS
      and the parabrachial nucleus.

PMID- 3370451
TI  - Effects of mesenteric nerve stimulation on the electrical activity of myenteric
      neurons in the guinea pig ileum.
AB  - Effects of mesenteric nerve stimulation on the electrical activity of 28
      myenteric neurons were investigated in the myenteric flaps innervated with
      mesenteric nerves. Mesenteric nerve stimulation evoked slow excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), whose amplitude and duration were 24.5 +/- 5.5
      mV and 374.6 +/- 58.9 s in 7 AH/Type 2 neurons, respectively. Such slow EPSPs
      mimic the slow depolarizing action induced by exogenous substance P. It is,
      therefore, likely that slow EPSPs might be in part mediated by the release of
      substance P.

PMID- 3370452
TI  - Intracortical connectivity revealed by spike-triggered averaging in slice
      preparations of cat visual cortex.
AB  - Intracortical connectivity was studied in slice preparations of cat's visual
      cortex by spike-triggered averaging. The experiments documented the unitary
      postsynaptic potentials underlying the inhibitory and excitatory connections from
      layer III-IV border cells to supragranular cells, as demonstrated previously by
      cross-correlation studies. In addition the analysis demonstrated the existence of
      two excitatory connections, between supragranular and layer V cells, that were
      not detectable in previous cross-correlation studies.

PMID- 3370453
TI  - Long-term enhancement of K+-evoked release of L-glutamate in entorhinal kindled
      rats.
AB  - Kainic acid- and K+-evoked in vitro release of endogenous amino acids from
      hippocampal slices were measured in rats kindled by entorhinal electrical
      stimulation. One month after completion of kindling, K+-evoked release of
      glutamate from hippocampal slices ipsilateral to the stimulus site was
      consistently greater than from both the contralateral hippocampus from kindled
      animals and all hippocampi of electroshock and sham-surgery control groups.
      Enhanced hippocampal neurotransmitter glutamate release may be involved in the
      permanent effects of electrical kindling.

PMID- 3370454
TI  - Electrophysiological analysis of the trigemino-tecto-olivo-cerebellar (crus II)
      projection in the rat.
AB  - In albino rats the whisker area was electrically stimulated while climbing fiber
      responses were surveyed in the cerebellar cortex of the tecto-olivo-recipient
      zone in the medial region of crus II. Climbing fiber responses were evoked by the
      vibrissal stimulation only in the medial portion of the zone. Based both on
      lesion experiments of the superior colliculus and on recording multiunit
      potentials in the inferior olive it is suggested that the trigeminal climbing
      fiber responses are evoked via the superior colliculus.

PMID- 3370455
TI  - Effect of chronic naltrexone administration and its withdrawal on the regional
      activity of neurons that contain norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin.
AB  - A method is described that permits the simultaneous quantitation of
      norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) serotonin (5-HT) and their respective major
      metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT),
      dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in
      discrete brain regions. The ratio of MHPG/NE, DOPAC/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT was used
      to assess the effects of the chronic administration of the narcotic antagonist,
      naltrexone, and its withdrawal on the regional activity of neurons that contain
      NE, DA and 5-HT respectively. Chronic administration of naltrexone (8 days) is
      associated with a significant increase in the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT and DOPAC/DA
      in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus respectively. Under this condition
      the thalamic concentration of 3-MT in 4 of 8 animals is also significantly
      elevated. In contrast, the mesolimbic forebrain exhibited a decrease in the
      MHPG/NE ratio (4 out of 8 animals). One day following naltrexone pellet removal
      the above ratios, as well as the mean content of 3-MT in the thalamus, returned
      to control values. At this time the content of 3-MT in the thalamus (5 of 5
      animals) and frontal cortex (3 of 9 rats) was appreciably elevated, while its
      content in the dorsal hippocampus was significantly reduced (6 of 9 rats). These
      data suggest that the activity of several central monoaminergic neuronal systems
      are regulated by an opioid input that is tonically active.

PMID- 3370456
TI  - Visual cells in the inferior colliculus of the cat.
AB  - Extracellular recordings from 91 cells of the pericentral nucleus (ICP) of the
      inferior colliculus of the cat revealed that 83 of them were responsive to
      auditory stimuli and the other 8 to visual stimuli. All visually driven cells
      were binocular and showed large receptive fields located in the contralateral
      hemifield. The best stimulus was either a spot or a bar moved in any direction
      across the receptive field. No directional selectivity was found. It is suggested
      that the visual input to the ICP participates in an integrated reflex-orienting
      behavior, in which the visual information is important for the localization of
      the sound source.

PMID- 3370457
TI  - 5-hydroxytryptamine inhibits cholinergic transmission through 5-HT1A receptor
      subtypes in rabbit vesical parasympathetic ganglia.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from parasympathetic neurons of the rabbit
      vesical pelvic ganglia (VPG) maintained in vitro. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      inhibited cholinergic transmission in the VPG by reducing the fast excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP) evoked by stimulations of pelvic nerves. 8-Hydroxy
      2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin hydrochloride mimicked the inhibitory effect of 5
      HT on the ganglionic transmission. 5-HT-induced inhibition of the fast EPSP was
      antagonized by spiperone. The results suggest that 5-HT1A receptor subtypes
      mediate the inhibition of cholinergic transmission in the rabbit VPG.

PMID- 3370458
TI  - Effects of repeated exposure to white noise on central cholinergic activity in
      the rat.
AB  - Acute (45 min) exposure to noise has been shown to decrease sodium-dependent high
      affinity choline uptake activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the
      rat. In the present experiment, the effects of repeated noise exposure on choline
      uptake in these two brain regions were studied. Rats were exposed to 100-dB white
      noise in ten 45-min sessions. Tolerance developed to the effects of noise on
      choline uptake. In addition, the effects were found to be classically
      conditionable to cues in the exposure environment. These data may have important
      implications in understanding the health hazard of noise exposure in both the
      public and occupational environments.

PMID- 3370459
TI  - Schedule-induced polydipsia experience decreases locomotor response to
      amphetamine.
AB  - To investigate the influence of schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) on central
      dopaminergic systems, rats trained in a SIP procedure were challenged with the
      psychostimulant and dopaminergic agonist, D-amphetamine. In a first experiment,
      rats that had access to water and developed SIP (SIP-positive) displayed a lower
      response to amphetamine than rats that had access to water but did not develop
      SIP (SIP-negative) and rats that had no access to water. There was no difference
      in the spontaneous activity of these different groups of animals. In a second
      experiment, SIP-positive rats displayed the same reduced response to amphetamine
      following only 10 min of SIP drinking. In addition, SIP-positive rats that were
      tested without access to water during the SIP test displayed an increased
      locomotor activity both after saline and amphetamine treatments. These results
      suggest that SIP has stress-reducing properties.

PMID- 3370460
TI  - Contribution of fat metabolism to 'glucoprivic' feeding produced by fourth
      ventricular 5-thio-D-glucose.
AB  - We examined whether manipulations of fat metabolism influence the feeding
      response to peripheral or central administration of 5-thio-D-glucose (5-TG), a
      potent inhibitor of glucose utilization. The increase in food intake produced by
      peritoneal (50 mg/kg) or fourth ventricular (50, 100, 150 micrograms) 5-TG was
      potentiated by administration of the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, methyl
      palmoxirate (10 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, rats maintained on a high-fat diet ate
      less in response to fourth ventricular 5-TG (150 micrograms) than did rats
      maintained on an equicaloric low-fat diet. These results suggest that the feeding
      response to 'glucoprivation' is determined by the interaction of glucose and fat
      oxidation.

PMID- 3370461
TI  - Further studies on circadian hormone rhythms after local pharmacological
      destruction of the serotoninergic innervation of the rat suprachiasmatic region
      before the onset of the corticosterone rhythm.
AB  - In previous studies we observed that local pharmacological destruction of the
      serotoninergic innervation of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus before the
      onset of the circadian plasma corticosterone rhythm interferes with the
      appearance of the corticosterone rhythm up to the age of two months. In the
      present investigations we studied other hormone rhythms in such rats and tested
      animals for corticosterone rhythm when they were older than two months. We found
      normal circadian fluctuations in plasma testosterone and prolactin levels,
      variations in growth hormone concentrations, but no changes in plasma
      corticosterone levels of 63-day-old rats receiving 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, a
      neurotoxin selectively destroying the serotoninergic structures, into the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus at the age of 16 days. Rats did show circadian variations
      in plasma corticosterone concentrations when tested 3 months after treatment with
      the neurotoxin. In these latter animals, a significant amount of serotonin
      immunoreactive fibers and terminals were evident in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
      Only a very few of such elements were seen in rats with a shorter postoperative
      survival. Our data support the view that serotoninergic innervation of the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus is essential for the onset of the circadian fluctuations
      of plasma corticosterone concentrations.

PMID- 3370463
TI  - Regional brain glucose uptake in genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ mice: modulation
      by the opiate antagonist, nalmefene.
AB  - A novel opiate antagonist, Nalmefene (0.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day) was tested for its
      ability to modulate regional brain glucose uptake rates in genetically diabetic
      C57BL/KsJ mice, which normally exhibit a depressed CNS carbohydrate metabolism
      relative to age-matched controls. Daily Nalmefene treatment had no effect on
      circulating blood glucose levels in either normal or diabetic mice over a 7-week
      test period. However, all brain regions, except the olfactory bulbs, exhibited
      normalized glucose uptake rates in diabetic mice relative to controls. These data
      suggest a role for opiate antagonists in the modulation of CNS glucose metabolism
      during hyperglycemic states.

PMID- 3370462
TI  - Effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the Botzinger complex on
      respiratory activity in the cat.
AB  - The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the expiratory neuronal
      population in the region of the retrofacial nucleus, the so called 'Botzinger
      complex' (Bot. c.), on respiratory activity were investigated in vagotomized cats
      under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Some of the experiments were performed on
      paralyzed or bilaterally thoracotomized, artificially ventilated animals.
      Sustained tetanic electrical stimulation (20 to 100-Hz, 0.5-ms current pulses at
      intensities of 5-60 microA) induced strong depressant effects on the inspiratory
      motor output which could lead to complete apnoea. The apnoeic response was
      accompanied by tonic activation of expiratory muscles; the appearance and the
      strength of tonic expiratory activity were dependent upon the frequency of
      stimulation. Brief tetani (40 to 100 ms trains of 0.5-ms rectangular pulses at
      100-300 Hz) timed either during the inspiratory or the expiratory phase caused
      depression of inspiratory activity and prolongation of expiratory time,
      respectively. These effects increased gradually as the onset of stimulation was
      progressively delayed during each respiratory phase. The effects of sustained
      tetanic stimulation were mimicked by microinjections (25-100 nl) of 0.5 M L
      glutamate or 0.16 M DL-homocysteic acid in the same region, thus indicating that
      they were the result of the stimulation of cell bodies and not of axons of
      passage. The present results support the hypothesis that Bot. c. neurons play an
      important role in the control of the breathing pattern by exerting inhibitory
      influences on inspiratory activity and, possibly, by contributing to the off
      switch mechanisms. Furthermore, they suggest that these neurons are involved in
      the central control of expiratory activity.

PMID- 3370464
TI  - Effects of changes in chemoreceptor activity on extracellular K+ and Ca2+
      activities in the cat carotid body.
AB  - In anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated cats triple-barrelled ion
      selective microelectrodes (ISMs) were inserted into the right carotid body in
      order to measure extracellular activities of K+ ([K+]o) and Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o)
      simultaneously. In 3 experiments a method involving iron deposition located the
      tips of the ISMs in the cellular islands of the organ. A thin cannula inserted
      into the right carotid artery (i.c.) via the lingual artery was used to infuse
      Ringer-Locke solutions (0.1-0.5 ml/min) containing either sodium cyanide (NaCN),
      acetylcholine (ACh) or dopamine (DA). Analysis of the effects of administration
      of NaCN (20-100 micrograms/min i.c.) showed that during this procedure [K+]o
      increased and [Ca2+]o decreased by mean values (+/- S.D.) of 0.99 +/- 0.82 and
      0.22 +/- 0.06 mM respectively. During administration of ACh (20-50 micrograms/min
      i.c.) [K+]o increased and [Ca2+]o decreased respectively by mean values (+/-
      S.D.) of 3.18 +/- 3.0 and 0.31 +/- 0.14 mM. Decreases in [K+]o and [Ca2+]o by
      mean values (+/- S.D.) of 1.53 +/- 1.64 and 0.34 +/- 0.33 mM respectively were
      associated with administration of DA (20-50 micrograms/min i.c.). The predominant
      influences exerted by NaCN and ACh on chemoreceptor activity were excitatory
      whereas administration of DA caused either inhibition, excitation or a
      combination of these two effects. Stimulation of the sympathetic supply to the
      carotid body was associated with either increases, decreases or no reaction of
      chemosensory activity, [K+]o and [Ca2+]o. The changes in [K+]o associated with
      the various procedures may reflect the state of polarization within the
      chemoreceptor complex. Decreases in [Ca2+]o usually accompanied the performance
      of all procedures and may have resulted from an increased influx of this ion from
      the interstitial fluids into the cells for the purpose of provoking
      neurotransmitter release. However, the time course of the changes in [K+]o and
      [Ca2+]o were considerably slower in onset and recovery than the associated
      alterations in chemoreceptor activity. Therefore, it is unlikely that these ion
      changes are directly related to chemoreception but rather represent recovery
      processes after chemoreceptor modulation. It should be noted that the response
      times of the ISMs used in this study were too slow to register any rapid changes
      in [K+]o or [Ca2+]o associated with altered chemoreceptor activity.

PMID- 3370466
TI  - Primary respiratory rhythm generator in the medulla of brainstem-spinal cord
      preparation from newborn rat.
AB  - It has been previously demonstrated that rhythmically firing neurons (Pre-I
      neurons) preceding cervical root (C4 or C5) inspiratory activity, localized in
      the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL), are important in the generation of the
      basic respiratory rhythm in brainstem-spinal cord preparations from newborn rats.
      We examined the effects of single and continuous electrical stimulation applied
      to the RVL on Pre-I and C4 activities in these preparations. We verified that the
      phase of respiratory rhythm was reset when Pre-I firing was induced in both right
      and left RVL by single shock stimulation, whether C4 activity appeared or not.
      Lower frequency and intensity of continuous pulse train stimulation in the RVL
      enhanced Pre-I activity, and hence C4 activity, whereas higher frequency and
      intensity inhibited both. The results suggest that synchronous burst activity
      between the right and left Pre-I neurons must be above a certain level (in its
      intraburst firing rate) to trigger C4 inspiratory activity and, therefore, that
      cooperation among Pre-I neurons is important for induction of rhythmic
      inspiratory drive. After bilateral lesions of the caudal ventrolateral medulla,
      Pre-I neurons retained their rhythmic activity, while C4 activity disappeared.
      Present results further confirmed our hypothesis that Pre-I neurons are the
      primary generator of respiratory rhythm. We propose a hypothetical model of the
      generation of rhythmic respiratory activity.

PMID- 3370465
TI  - Modulation of adenylate cyclase activity of mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants
      by opioids, serotonin and pertussis toxin.
AB  - Organotypic cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants (2-4 weeks in
      vitro) contain forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase (AC) activity that is
      inhibited by levorphanol and other opioid agonists in a dose-dependent manner.
      Inhibition by levorphanol no longer occurs if sodium is omitted from the
      incubation and the levorphanol inhibition is blocked by the opioid antagonist,
      naloxone. These findings together with the ineffectiveness of dextrorphan
      indicate that the opioid inhibition of forskolin-stimulated AC is receptor
      mediated. Both the delta- and kappa-receptor subtypes appear to be involved since
      the selective delta-opioid agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and the selective
      kappa-opioid agonist, t-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]
      benzene acetamide (U-50,488H) are both effective at nanomolar concentrations. In
      contrast, the selective mu-opioid agonist, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N-MePhe-Gly-ol, has no
      significant effect even at micromolar concentrations. Both cord and ganglion
      components of the explants contain opioid-sensitive AC. Forskolin-stimulated AC
      of the explants is also inhibited by serotonin and carbachol. The serotonin
      effect appears to be mediated by 5-HT1A receptors, based on relative agonist and
      antagonist selectivity. Chronic exposure of cultures to morphine results in
      enhanced basal and forskolin-stimulated AC as well as attenuation of opioid
      inhibition of AC assayed in the presence of forskolin; treatment of explants with
      pertussis toxin causes similar changes in the AC system. The inhibitory effect of
      serotonin is also attenuated by the pertussis toxin treatment. Basal AC activity
      of the explants (assayed without forskolin present) is stimulated to a small but
      significant extent by opioids and by serotonin. The opioid stimulatory effect is
      markedly enhanced following either morphine or pertussis toxin treatment of the
      explants. The attenuation of opioid- and serotonin-inhibition of AC produced by
      chronic exposure to pertussis toxin and the attenuation of opioid inhibition
      produced by exposure to morphine are consonant with the attenuation of opioid and
      monoaminergic depression of sensory evoked dorsal horn network responses after
      similar chronic treatments. It is proposed that the inhibitory effects of opioids
      and serotonin on these neurons are mediated by receptors that are negatively
      coupled via a pertussis toxin sensitive Gi protein to AC. Furthermore,
      alterations of AC with chronic morphine treatment may be involved in the
      development of physiologic tolerance to opioids.

PMID- 3370467
TI  - A new aminopeptidase in monkey cerebral membrane fraction: hydrolysis of
      enkephalin.
AB  - A new aminopeptidase, which cleaves the Tyr1-Gly2 bond of enkephalin, was
      partially purified from the monkey brain membrane fraction. The molecular weight
      of the enzyme was estimated to be about 53,000, and the optimum pH was in the
      neutral region (pH 6.5). The enzyme hydrolyzed Leu-enkephalin with a Km value of
      238 microM. It strongly hydrolyzed L-tyrosine and L-leucine beta-naphthylamide,
      but showed only weak affinity for L-arginine or L-alanine beta-naphthylamide. The
      enzyme was much more potently inhibited by bestatin (IC50: 2 x 10(-8) M) than the
      other specific aminopeptidase inhibitors examined, while it showed low
      sensitivity to puromycin and actinonin, inhibitors of cerebral enkephalin
      degrading aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase M, respectively. These results
      indicate that the new enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase is clearly distinct
      from aminopeptidase M, which has been reported to be a key enzyme in enkephalin
      inactivation.

PMID- 3370468
TI  - The importance of striatal interneurons in age-related effects upon potassium-
      and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release.
AB  - The ability of superfused corpus striatal tissue fragments to release endogenous
      dopamine (DA) in response to potassium (K+ 30 mM) stimulation was significantly
      attenuated in 18- to 24-month- compared to 2- to 4-month-old male rats. These age
      related effects on K+ stimulation were completely abolished with the addition of
      tetrodotoxin (1 microM) to the superfusion medium. Moreover, no difference in
      stimulated DA release was obtained between these two age groups following
      amphetamine stimulation (10 microM).

PMID- 3370469
TI  - Voltage- and current-clamp recordings of the receptor potential in mouse taste
      cell.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were obtained using the current-clamp and voltage-clamp
      techniques. When the taste cell membrane was voltage-clamped, the sucrose
      stimulus induced an inward current accompanied by a membrane resistance increase
      while the NaCl stimulus induced an inward current accompanied by a membrane
      resistance decrease. These phenomena indicated that sucrose and NaCl have quite a
      different generation mechanism of taste responses.

PMID- 3370470
TI  - Escape responses following elimination of the giant interneuron pathway in the
      cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
AB  - The entire set of giant interneurons (GIs) in the nerve cord of the cockroach,
      Periplaneta americana, was ablated using either electrolytic or surgical
      techniques. All animals with these lesions were capable of turning and running
      away from standard wind puffs. However, all animals responded much less
      frequently to standard wind stimuli following lesion, and the latency of their
      responses was significantly increased. These results are discussed in terms of a
      GI role in extremely short latency escape responses, and the idea that non-GI
      pathways, perhaps associated with head sensory structures, need to be considered
      in the normal control of escape in the cockroach.

PMID- 3370471
TI  - Potentiation of adenosine-evoked depression of rat cerebral cortical neurons by
      triazolam.
AB  - The triazolobenzodiazepine triazolam, applied iontophoretically onto rat cerebral
      cortical neurons, potentiated the magnitude and duration of adenosine-elicited
      depressions of spontaneous activity. Triazolam did not enhance the depressions
      evoked by adenosine 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide, an uptake resistant analog of
      adenosine, suggesting that potentiation of adenosine resulted from an inhibition
      of adenosine uptake. With larger application currents, triazolam depressed the
      firing of cortical neurons. This action was blocked by the adenosine antagonist
      caffeine (20 mg/kg, i.v.) implying that the depression resulted from an
      accumulation of endogenously released adenosine.

PMID- 3370472
TI  - One stressful event blocks multiple actions of diazepam for up to at least a
      month.
AB  - Based on recent findings of this laboratory, the hypothesis was tested that a
      single stressful encounter might have a persistent antidiazepam influence. Our
      results indicate that one exposure to a brief stressful event up to at least one
      month earlier prevented completely the effect of diazepam on pentylenetetrazole
      induced changes in dopamine in the rat frontal cortex, elevations of plasma
      corticosterone levels and seizures.

PMID- 3370473
TI  - Lack of effect of adrenal denervation on analgesia elicited by continuous and
      intermittent cold water swim in the rat.
AB  - The present experiment was conducted to determine if continuous and/or
      intermittent cold water swim analgesia is dependent upon a factor released from
      the adrenal medullae. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g) underwent either
      bilateral adrenal denervation or sham surgery and two weeks later were exposed to
      continuous (3.5 m) or intermittent (10 s in, 10 s out for 6 min) swim in water at
      4 degrees C. Adrenal denervation failed to affect either intermittent or
      continuous cold water swim analgesia. It was concluded that both types of cold
      water swim analgesia are independent of adrenal medullary function.

PMID- 3370474
TI  - High affinity receptors for the bee venom MCD peptide. Quantitative
      autoradiographic localization at different stages of brain development and
      relationship with MCD neurotoxicity.
AB  - High densities of MCD receptors were found in the stratum radiatum of Ammon's
      horn, the neocortex, the molecular layer of the cerebellum, colliculi and pons.
      Conversely areas such as the stratum lacunosum moleculare of Ammon's horn
      contained only low levels of MCD binding sites. The density of MCD receptors is
      low during the perinatal period and increases rapidly by postnatal day 10 with a
      decrease of the receptor affinity for MCD. The adult distribution of MCD
      receptors was reached at postnatal day 30. Increases in density of MCD receptors
      are discussed in relation with increased neurotoxicity of MCD during brain
      development. Effects of MCD during the perinatal period are very weak. However,
      the threshold MCD dose to induce seizures drastically decreased after the first
      postnatal week. The efficient dose corresponding to adult stage is reached after
      postnatal day 40.

PMID- 3370475
TI  - Human retinal pigment epithelial cells possess muscarinic receptors coupled to
      calcium mobilization.
AB  - Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in culture demonstrated saturable
      specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). Specific binding
      represents about 75% of total binding. Scatchard analysis yields a Kd of 0.178 nM
      and Bmax of 42 fmol/mg protein. Atropine and carbachol show typical displacement
      curves, and a Hill plot has a slope of 0.96, suggesting a homogeneous population
      of receptors. Muscarinic agonists have no effect on intracellular cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate levels in RPE cells measured by radioimmunoassay, nor do
      they alter the isoproterenol-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase. However,
      both acetylcholine and carbachol cause a rapid increase in intracellular calcium
      concentration measured by the fluorescent indicator quin 2. Atropine reverses the
      calcium rise when added after agonist and prevents the rise when added prior to
      agonist. These data suggest that human RPE cells possess muscarinic receptors
      coupled to calcium mobilization.

PMID- 3370476
TI  - Phase-linked modulation of excitability of presynaptic terminals of low-threshold
      afferent fibers in the inferior alveolar nerve during cortically induced fictive
      mastication in the guinea pig.
AB  - Excitability of presynaptic terminals of low-threshold primary afferent fibers in
      the inferior alveolar nerve was tested in the trigeminal spinal nucleus of the
      ketamine-anesthetized, paralyzed guinea pig, by Wall's method. Fictive
      mastication was induced by repetitive stimulation of the cortical masticatory
      area, and was monitored by rhythmical burst activity in the jaw-opening anterior
      digastric motoneuron pool. The excitability was rhythmically modulated in a phase
      linked manner during the masticatory cycle: it was decreased coincidentally with
      the digastric burst activity (jaw-opening phase) and increased during the middle
      and late periods of the interburst phase (jaw-closing phase) of the masticatory
      cycle. The results imply that presynaptic modulation of synaptic transmission of
      peripheral inputs from primary afferents to interneurons in the jaw-opening
      reflex pathway may contribute to the rhythmical modulation of the jaw-opening
      reflex evoked by innocuous stimulation of the intraoral structures during
      mastication; presynaptic inhibition contributing to the depression of the jaw
      opening reflex during the jaw-closing phase and presynaptic facilitation to its
      enhancement during the jaw-opening phase.

PMID- 3370477
TI  - Morphinans attenuate cortical neuronal injury induced by glucose deprivation in
      vitro.
AB  - The non-narcotic dextrorotatory morphinan, dextrorphan, as well as its
      levorotatory opioid enantiomer, levorphanol, and its O-methyl derivative,
      dextromethorphan, have recently been shown to antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate
      receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Consistent with in vivo data suggesting that
      this neurotoxicity contributes to the neuronal damage associated with
      hypoglycemia, micromolar concentrations of these morphinans markedly attenuated
      the injury of cultured mouse cortical neurons produced by acute glucose
      deprivation. These observations lend specific support to the possibility that
      morphinan compounds may prove to have clinical therapeutic utility in
      hypoglycemic encephalopathy.

PMID- 3370478
TI  - Himbacine recognizes a high affinity subtype of M2 muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors in the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The in vitro receptor binding properties of a muscarinic antagonist himbacine
      have been studied in rat cerebral cortical, cardiac and ileal membranes.
      Himbacine displayed high affinity (KH = 2.94 nM) for 19%, and low affinity (KL =
      71.2 nM) for the remaining muscarinic receptors in rat cerebral cortex. This high
      affinity of himbacine agrees with its affinity for the 62% of cerebral cortical
      [3H]AF-DX 116 binding sites (KH = 2.30 nM). The affinity of himbacine for cardiac
      receptors (Ki = 9.06 nM) and ileal receptors (Ki = 12.4 nM) was the same.
      Therefore, himbacine appears to be a high-affinity M2-selective ligand which
      recognizes a subtype of M2 receptors in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3370479
TI  - Evidence for pre- and postsynaptic localization of adenosine A1 receptors in the
      CA1 region of rat hippocampus: a quantitative autoradiographic study.
AB  - The cellular localization of adenosine A1 receptors in the CA1 region of the rat
      hippocampus was investigated using radioligand binding and lesioning methods in a
      quantitative autoradiographic study. Kainic acid injection reduced
      [3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding in the CA3 region by 40% and in the CA1 region by
      30%. Transient cerebral ischemia reduced [3H]cyclohexyladenosine binding in the
      CA1 region by 50%, while no change was measured in the CA3 region. These findings
      suggest that adenosine A1 receptors are located presynaptically on axon terminals
      of CA3 pyramidal cells and postsynaptically on the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal
      cells in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus.

PMID- 3370480
TI  - Spinal projections of renal afferent nerves in the rat.
AB  - This study was designed to describe renal afferent information with respect to
      its intraspinal projections, convergence with cutaneous inputs, ascending
      projections, and modulation by descending fiber tracts. Extracellular recordings
      were made from neurons in the spinal gray while electrically stimulating the
      renal nerves in chloralose-anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. Almost all
      neurons (n = 119) were spontaneously active. Some responses consisted of high
      frequency bursts while others consisted of fewer than 6 action potentials.
      Response onset latencies to renal nerve stimulation were consistent with
      activation by thinly myelinated or unmyelinated afferents. Several neurons in
      deeper laminae were inhibited by stimulation of renal afferents. Most neurons
      were located in laminae IV and V. Some were located in laminae I, VII and VIII.
      All neurons were located at spinal levels T10 to L1. Most neurons responded to
      both noxious and non-noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli from relatively large
      receptive fields on the ipsilateral flank. Response latencies to cutaneous
      electrical stimulation were shorter than those to renal nerve stimulation.
      Neurons in intact and spinally transected rats responded with similar onset
      latencies and durations to renal nerve stimulation. However, neurons in spinally
      transected rats exhibited prolonged responses to cutaneous stimulation. Axons of
      25% of the neurons projected through the cervical spinal cord in the
      ventrolateral funiculus. They had conduction velocities of 12-32 m/s. These data
      provide the first electrophysiological description of spinal projections of renal
      afferent fibers in the rat.

PMID- 3370481
TI  - Topographical organization of taste and tactile neurons in the facial lobe of the
      sea catfish, Plotosus lineatus.
AB  - An extraordinary development of the paired medullary facial taste nuclei, the
      facial lobes, occurs in the sea catfish, Plotosus lineatus. Each of the facial
      lobes is divided by fiber fascicles into 5 highly distinct lobules or subnuclei,
      constituting 5 longitudinal columns through the lobe. Extracellular,
      electrophysiological recordings of neurons within the respective subnuclei of the
      facial lobe indicate superimposable taste and tactile neural maps organized in a
      somatotopic manner.

PMID- 3370482
TI  - Recognition of artificial microstructures by sensory nerve fibers in culture.
AB  - Dissociated culture of adult mouse dorsal root ganglion cells on glass plates, on
      which grating-associated microstructures (a repetition of microgrooves [mGRV] and
      microsteps [mSTP] of 0.1-10 micron) are fabricated by the conventional
      lithographic techniques, represents a remarkable bi-directional growth of their
      nerve fibers in the axial direction of the grating. Microscopical observation
      shows that the nerve fibers prefer to grow in the mGRV (70%), while their growth
      cones exhibit an even distribution onto the mGRV and mSTP. The efficiency of the
      nerve fibers to grow along the grating-axis are highly sensitive to a fine
      alteration of the width and depth of the mGRV. The preferential growth of the
      nerve fibers is thus due to a mechanical recognition of the microstructures by
      the growth cones and neurites.

PMID- 3370484
TI  - Organelle dynamics in lobster axons: anterograde and retrograde particulate
      organelles.
AB  - Particulate organelles in isolated axons from the walking legs of the lobster
      were detected with differential interference contrast optics and video
      microscopic techniques. The motion of the organelles was studied in normal axons,
      in axons whose surface membrane was rendered permeable with saponin, and in
      axoplasm extruded from the axons. In normal axons at 20-22 degrees C, organelles
      moved more rapidly in the anterograde direction than in the retrograde direction
      (respective mean velocities 1.73 micron/s and 0.63 micron/s). The instantaneous
      velocities of both sets of organelles were variable: those of the anterograde
      organelles varied less than those of retrograde organelles. The variation in
      instantaneous velocity was patterned; all organelles studied had velocities that
      fluctuated slowly with a major frequency at about 0.1 Hz. Some organelles
      oscillated about a fixed position at a similar major frequency. In axons with a
      permeabilized surface membrane there was no organelle motion unless adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP) was present in the bathing medium. Organelle motion
      reactivated with ATP was patterned in a way similar to that in normal intact
      axons. In extruded axoplasm in the presence of ATP, organelles moved along
      transport filaments that were assumed to be microtubules. Movement of organelles
      from one transport filament to another was not accompanied by changes in motion
      that could explain the normal fluctuation in velocity. The evidence indicates
      that the variable, or oscillatory, character of organelle motion in lobster axons
      is caused by an active component of the mechanisms of axonal transport.

PMID- 3370483
TI  - Soma size and oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurones supplying the fast twitch
      and slow twitch muscles in the rat.
AB  - The relationship between soma size and oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurones
      supplying the fast twitch muscle and the slow twitch muscle was examined.
      Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the extensor digitorum longus (fast
      twitch) muscle and the soleus (slow twitch) muscle to retrogradely label
      corresponding motoneurones of the rat spinal cord. There was a negative relation
      between soma size and oxidative enzyme activity of motoneurones in a particular
      neurone pool. The alpha motoneurones supplying the slow twitch muscle had higher
      oxidative enzyme activities than identical size motoneurones supplying the fast
      twitch muscle. The present results suggest that there is a difference between
      oxidative capacities of fast twitch and slow twitch neurone pools.

PMID- 3370485
TI  - Influences of cortico-pretectal fibers on responses of rat pretectal neurons.
AB  - Responses of pretectal cells were studied following cortical excitation and
      inactivation in anesthetized rats. The visual cortex was excited electrically and
      by a topical application of strychnine while it was inactivated by a reversible
      cryoblockade. In a few experiments the superior colliculus was locally depressed
      by microinjections of lidocaine hydrochloride. Results showed a large spectrum of
      response latencies to electrical stimulations of the optic chiasm and visual
      cortex, and a significant correlation between responses to both sites of
      stimulation. It appears that pretectal cell responses strongly depend upon
      corticofugal impulses, as the disruption of the latter results in a profound
      decline of pretectal discharges. The suppressed-by-light cells were the most
      affected by a cryoblockade while the ON-tonic units were the least affected. The
      same types of cells were affected at the retinal level by cortical blockade.

PMID- 3370486
TI  - Electrophysiological actions of norepinephrine in rat lateral hypothalamus. II.
      An in vitro study of the effects of iontophoretically applied norepinephrine on
      LH neuronal responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
AB  - The preceding studies demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE) can consistently
      augment synaptically mediated (70%) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced
      (69%) inhibitory responses of lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons in vivo. The
      present experiments further characterized the interactions of NE with LH neuronal
      responses to GABA in terms of alpha- and beta-receptor mechanisms and
      demonstrated the utility of the in vitro LH tissue slice preparation as a model
      for future extra- and intracellular studies of NE modulatory phenomena.
      Extracellular activity of LH cells was recorded from diencephalic slices (450
      microns) incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid at 33 degrees C.
      Interactions between iontophoretically applied NE, isoproterenol (ISO) or
      phenylephrine (PE) and responses of LH neurons (n = 64) to GABA
      microiontophoresis were quantitated and characterized using computer-generated
      ratemeter and histogram records. This analysis revealed two distinct actions of
      NE on GABA-induced responses of LH neurons. In 8 of 32 cells tested (25%),
      locally applied NE markedly enhanced inhibitory responses to GABA iontophoresis
      in a manner identical to that observed in vivo. However, in 20 cells (62.5%),
      iontophoretic application of NE produced a clear antagonism of GABA responses. NE
      also exerted dual effects on the background firing rate of LH neurons, causing
      both inhibition and excitation. Overall, in those cells where NE administration
      increased spontaneous discharge, it either antagonized or had no effect on GABA
      mediated inhibition. In contrast, spontaneous firing rate was never elevated
      above control levels in those cases where NE potentiated GABA responses.
      Additional experiments demonstrated that the GABA potentiating actions of the
      benzodiazepine, flurazepam, were preserved in LH tissue slice preparations. In
      addition, iontophoretic application of the beta-agonist, ISO, routinely
      suppressed the spontaneous activity of LH neurons and mimicked the facilitating
      action of NE on GABA. Likewise, microiontophoretic application of 8-bromo cyclic
      adenosine monophosphate (AMP) enhanced GABA-induced inhibition of LH firing rate
      in each of 11 cells tested. On the other hand, local administration of the alpha
      agonist, PE, routinely produced NE-like antagonism of GABA inhibition along with
      increases in spontaneous firing rate. Taken together these findings indicate that
      the commonly observed in vivo phenomena of NE augmentation of GABA and
      suppression of LH neuron spontaneous firing can be demonstrated in vitro, and
      most likely result from activation of beta adrenoceptors and subsequent elevation
      of cyclic AMP levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3370487
TI  - [3H]arginine vasopressin binding to rat brain: a homogenate and autoradiographic
      study.
AB  - Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated as a putative central
      neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in some brain functions. This study
      demonstrates binding of [3H]AVP to rat brain homogenates that is pH and
      temperature dependent, is saturable (Kd = 0.77 nM, Bmax = 0.374 pmol/mg) and
      reversible. A number of AVP analogues competitively displaced the [3H]AVP
      binding, indicating that central AVP binding sites may have a resemblance to the
      peripheral (V1) AVP vasopressor receptor. Homogenate binding occurred
      predominantly in the microsomal fraction (P3) of the hypothalamus while in the
      hippocampus and septum binding was predominantly in the synaptosomal fraction
      (P2). Autoradiographic methods showed displaceable [3H]AVP binding in the lateral
      septum, amygdala, supraoptic, paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the
      hypothalamus supporting the results of homogenate binding in preparations of
      these regions.

PMID- 3370488
TI  - Ovarian steroids and sexual interaction alter oxytocinergic content and
      distribution in the basal forebrain.
AB  - The immunoreactive levels of oxytocin (OXY) were assessed by radioimmunoassay
      (RIA) and immunohistology after treatments with estradiol or estradiol and
      progesterone in ovariectomized rats that were mounted or not mounted by males. In
      micropunches from the medial preoptic area (MPOA) OXY immunoreactive levels
      increased significantly in estrogen-progesterone-treated receptive animals (mean
      lordosis quotient (LQ) = 82.9 +/- 4.4) that were mounted by males over levels in
      estrogen-treated unreceptive animals (mean LQ = 2.3 +/- 1.3). No other areas
      demonstrated significant changes in OXY levels across these treatments, although
      the paraventricular nucleus also had elevated OXY levels in receptive mounted
      females. In other animals, immunocytochemistry revealed that the number of
      oxytocinergic perikarya in the MPOA decreased in receptive animals (LQ = 86.7 +/-
      4.9) that were mounted. The number of oxytocinergic perikarya per 50 microns
      vibratome section in the lateral subcommissural nucleus was lower in all estrogen
      treated groups than in oil vehicle-treated controls. We suggest that the
      combination of increasing immunoreactive levels of OXY in the MPOA with
      decreasing numbers of oxytocinergic perikarya indicates that preoptic OXY is
      moved out of cell bodies, in receptive rats that are mounted by males, to a state
      that is more accessible to the RIA.

PMID- 3370489
TI  - Selective excitation by capsaicin of mechano-heat sensitive nociceptors in rat
      skin.
AB  - The effect of close-by arterial injections of capsaicin on single afferent fibers
      of the saphenous nerve was studied on 82 units from control rats and on 44 units
      from rats pretreated with capsaicin (total dose 200 mg/kg applied subcutaneously
      under anesthesia 3 days before the experiment). In control rats low doses of
      capsaicin selectively excited mechano-heat sensitive cutaneous nociceptors
      (polymodal C fiber nociceptors and MH-A delta nociceptors). The median threshold
      dose for polymodal nociceptors was 0.1 micrograms. Repeated injections of
      capsaicin in near-threshold doses evoked reproducible effects without obvious
      signs of desensitization. In contrast A delta high-threshold mechanoreceptors,
      hair follicle receptors, cold receptors and C fiber mechanoreceptors were not
      excited by capsaicin even at doses of 5 micrograms. These high doses activated,
      however, some SA-II mechanoreceptors after a time lag, probably due to increased
      tissue turgor induced by plasma extravasation. Systemic capsaicin pretreatment of
      adult rats resulted in a selective decrease in the proportion of polymodal
      nociceptors among the afferent C-units, and an increment in the threshold dose of
      capsaicin of the responding polymodal nociceptors. It is concluded that in the
      adult rat capsaicin exerts a selective stimulatory and blocking effect on
      cutaneous mechano-heat sensitive nociceptors conducting both in the C fiber and A
      delta fiber range.

PMID- 3370490
TI  - Antibodies to ependymin block the sharpening of the regenerating retinotectal
      projection in goldfish.
AB  - The regenerating optic nerve of goldfish first reestablishes a rough retinotopic
      map on the tectum, then goes through an activity dependent refinement that
      appears to involve the elimination of inappropriate branches from early
      regenerated arbors. Retinotopically appropriate branches and synapses may be
      stabilized because the normally correlated firing of neighboring ganglion cells
      could cause summation of their postsynaptic responses, making them more
      effective. Thus, refinement of the map may be similar in several ways to
      associative learning. In this study, we therefore tested whether ependymin, a
      major protein component of the extracellular fluid that has been implicated in
      synaptic changes thought to be associated with learning a simple task in
      goldfish, may also be involved in refinement of the retinotopic map. Goldfish
      that had undergone unilateral optic nerve crush received intraventricular
      infusion of antiependymin IgG or of control IgG's beginning at 21 days postcrush.
      Tectal recordings from these fish at 39-56 days postcrush showed that the
      projection had failed to sharpen, much as in the fish with activity blocked or
      synchronized; the average size of the multiunit receptive fields was 31 degrees
      vs 11 degrees normally. The field potentials elicited from these tecta by optic
      nerve shock were not significantly smaller than in controls, suggesting normal
      levels of synaptogenesis. Control projections, identically treated but infused
      with either unrelated IgG or Ringer's alone regenerated normally, giving
      multiunit receptive fields of 12 degrees. Intact (non-regenerating) projections
      of the experimental fish were not rendered abnormal by the IgG treatment.
      Histology showed the retinas and tecta of the infused fish to be normal in
      appearance. The results show a specific block of sharpening by antiependymin IgG.
      The ependymal glia of the tectum stain positively for ependymin in normal fish,
      particularly the cell bodies in the ependymal layer. The tectum, particularly the
      ependymal layer, stains more intensely during regeneration, which appears to
      trigger increased synthesis of ependymins in the ependymal glia. This increase
      and the block of sharpening by specific antibodies to ependymin suggest a
      possible role for ependymin in activity dependent synaptic stabilization,
      possibly through its polymerization when calcium is focally depleted at active
      synapses.

PMID- 3370491
TI  - Tachycardia during the onset of one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension: role of
      the renin-angiotensin system and AV3V tissue.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated a transitory tachycardia during the early phase
      of one kidney, one clip (1K1C) hypertension in the rat, when the basal heart rate
      (HR) is measured daily under resting conditions. In the present study, in control
      rats, marked tachycardia (406 +/- 11 vs 320 +/- 4 bpm during the control period)
      was observed on the first day of electrolytic lesion of the anteroventral third
      ventricle (AV3V) region. The basal HR declined progressively thereafter and was
      normal 14 days after AV3V lesion. The peak of tachycardia (388 +/- 12 bpm)
      observed 7 days after clipping in sham-lesioned rats did not occur in 1K1C AV3V
      lesioned rats (318 +/- 5 bpm). However, hypertension was only partially (65%)
      abolished in the lesioned animals (135 +/- 4 vs 160 +/- 3 mm Hg in the sham
      lesioned 1K1C). Captopril administered per os (30 mg/kg/day) for up to 20 days
      produced no change in the basal HR of sham-operated rats but abolished the
      initial tachycardia in 1K1C rats during the development of hypertension.
      Captopril also delayed the onset of renal hypertension, with mean arterial
      pressure reaching hypertensive levels only 2 weeks after clipping. These data
      indicate that integrity of the AV3V region is necessary for the occurrence of
      tachycardia during the onset of 1K1C hypertension. Since captopril abolished the
      tachycardia, the activity of converting enzyme seems to be important for the
      appearance of this phenomenon.

PMID- 3370492
TI  - Differential effects of M1 and M2 muscarinic drugs on septohippocampal,
      hippocampal and cortical neurons in the rat.
AB  - The effects of muscarinic agonists (McN-A-343, pilocarpine, oxotremorine-M,
      carbachol) and antagonists (pirenzepine, gallamine) applied by iontophoresis were
      studied on several neuronal populations in the central nervous system of rats
      anesthetized with urethane. Septohippocampal neurons and neurons from
      hippocampus, subiculum and somatic sensory cortex were studied. Oxotremorine-M
      and carbachol had (almost exclusively) potent excitatory effects whereas
      pilocarpine had some and McN-A-343 had almost exclusively inhibitory effects on
      the 4 populations of neurons studied. Pirenzepine blocked more easily the effects
      of pilocarpine and McN-A-343 than those of oxotremorine-M or carbachol. These
      results suggest (i) that many central neurons may bear different functional
      muscarinic receptors and (ii) that the various agonists studied might act through
      (at least partially) different mechanisms.

PMID- 3370493
TI  - Morphine increases 5-HT metabolism in the nucleus raphe magnus: an in vivo study
      in freely moving rats using 5-hydroxyindole electrochemical detection.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate in freely moving animals the effect of
      morphine on the 5-hydroxyindole oxidation current recorded in the nucleus raphe
      magnus (NRM) which is the origin of serotonergic control systems modulating the
      transmission of noxious inputs at the spinal level. A current recorded at 270-290
      mV (peak 3), characteristic of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), was measured
      with treated multi-fiber carbon electrodes, using differential pulse (DPV) or
      differential normal pulse (DNPV) voltammetry. In control rats the amplitude of
      the peak remains constant for many hours. Morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) caused a very
      significant increase which plateaued between 60 and 80 min (mean increase: 142 +/
      7% of control values); recovery was complete by about 3 h. Simultaneous
      injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg i.p.) completely abolished the effect of morphine.
      The peak 3 augmentation was still observed (151 +/- 5%) in rats pretreated with
      the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (12 mg/kg i.p.), but did not occur
      when animals were given an anaesthetic dose (450 mg/kg i.p.) of chloral hydrate.
      It is concluded that morphine clearly increases the metabolism of serotonin (5
      HT) in the NRM, and one could speculate that the increase in 5-HIAA results from
      5-HT release. Such a release could be due either to 5-HT terminals originating in
      the periaqueductal gray, or to somato-dendritic mechanisms. Thus the question
      remains as to the relationship between the activation of 5-HT metabolism in the
      NRM and previous neurochemical evidence for morphine-induced augmentation of 5-HT
      metabolism within the terminal area of serotonergic raphe-spinal pathways.

PMID- 3370494
TI  - High metabolic activity in the visual cortex of early blind human subjects.
AB  - Glucose metabolism has been studied in the visual cortex of early blind human
      subjects. In the forebrain of these subjects, regional glucose utilization was
      the highest in the striate and prestriate cortical areas. Furthermore, this
      activity was higher than in blindfolded sighted subjects, whether at rest or
      during an auditory or tactile task. These observations raise the question of the
      functionality of the blind's visual cortex.

PMID- 3370496
TI  - Loss of zinc staining from hippocampal mossy fibers during kainic acid induced
      seizures: a histofluorescence study.
AB  - A quinoline fluorescence method for staining zinc in axonal boutons was used to
      study the effects of kainic acid (KA) induced seizures upon zinc in the boutons
      of hippocampal mossy fibers. Compared to untreated rats, rats given KA (10-12
      mg/kg) and undergoing sustained seizures showed a marked loss of zinc
      fluorescence in the mossy fiber regions. The reduced fluorescence was detectable
      within 3 h of KA administration, was most pronounced at 12-24 h, and was still
      noticeable up to 48 h after KA. The findings suggest that zinc is released
      rapidly from mossy fiber boutons during seizures.

PMID- 3370497
TI  - Centrifugal activity in afferent C-fibers influences the spontaneous afferent
      barrage generated in nerve-end neuromas.
AB  - We have investigated the effect of a prolonged, low-frequency impulse barrage on
      the spontaneous afferent discharge that originates in experimental nerve-end
      neuromas in the rat sciatic nerve. Centrifugal activity in afferent A-fibers did
      not affect electrogenesis in the neuroma. When C-fibers were recruited, however,
      over half of the axons tested were either suppressed or excited. We suggest that
      these effects resulted from the stimulation-evoked release of neuroactive
      peptides or related substances from the cut ends of afferent C-fibers.

PMID- 3370495
TI  - Neuropeptide Y stimulates inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain
      miniprisms.
AB  - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipid in rat
      brain miniprisms. The stimulation was two-fold in the frontal cortex and in the
      hippocampus, and 1.5-fold in the striatum. NPY produced no significant effects on
      basal inositol monophosphate levels in hypothalamic miniprisms. However, those
      basal levels were much higher than in the other brain regions.

PMID- 3370498
TI  - Cerebrovascular application of bradykinin excites central sensory neurons.
AB  - The activity of sensory neurons in the trigeminal brainstem complex and thalamus
      responsive to electrical stimulation of the cerebrovasculature was monitored
      during topical application of bradykinin to the cerebral vessels or during an
      intravascular injection of bradykinin into the sagittal sinus. Bradykinin was
      found to excite 8 of the 15 cells studied. The excited cells were usually those
      that were spontaneously active and received nociceptive input from the oro-facial
      region. These neurons may be involved in mediating vascular head pain related to
      the acute or pathological changes of the cerebral vessels and/or the associated
      trigeminovascular sensory afferents.

PMID- 3370499
TI  - Effects of estradiol on cerebral cortical neurons and their responses to
      adenosine.
AB  - The effects of iontophoretically applied 17 alpha- and 17 beta-estradiol on the
      spontaneous firing of, and actions of purines (adenosine, adenosine 5'-N
      ethylcarboxamide) on, neurons in the rat cerebral cortex have been determined.
      Both steroids, applied as acetate, sulphate or hemisuccinate esters, depressed
      the spontaneous firing of approximately half of the neurons tested. 17 beta
      Estradiol potentiated the inhibitory actions of adenosine on some neurons (26%)
      and antagonized the effects of adenosine on others (42%). 17 beta-Estradiol
      antagonized the inhibitory actions of adenosine 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide on 76% of
      the neurons tested, but did not enhance the actions of this uptake resistant
      adenosine analog. 17 alpha-Estradiol potentiated the actions of adenosine and
      adenosine 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide but failed to antagonize either purine. It is
      suggested that the potentiating effects of both stereoisomers on adenosine are a
      result of their ability to block adenosine uptake and that 17 beta-estradiol is
      also able to antagonize the actions of these purines. Antagonism of the effects
      of endogenously released adenosine may account for the excitant actions of 17
      beta-estradiol on the central nervous system.

PMID- 3370500
TI  - On the cellular localization of cerebellar muscarinic receptors: an
      autoradiographic analysis of weaver, reeler, Purkinje cell degeneration and
      staggerer mice.
AB  - Light microscopic autoradiography of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites
      was used to study the distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in mouse
      mutants which have abnormalities affecting specific cerebellar cell types. In the
      normal C57BL/6J mouse, binding sites were distributed throughout the cerebellar
      cortex, with the highest levels in the granule cell layer and deep cerebellar
      nuclei. Normal binding site density was observed in the cerebellum of the weaver
      mutant in which the majority of granule cells had degenerated. The density of
      [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites was elevated in the cortex of the
      reeler, despite a reduction in the number of granule cells. The concentration of
      binding sites was also high over the Purkinje cell masses where granule cells
      were largely absent. No significant reduction in cortical [3H]quinuclidinyl
      benzilate binding site density was detected in the Purkinje cell degeneration
      mutant, in which essentially all Purkinje cells had degenerated. In contrast,
      receptor binding in the deep cerebellar nuclei of this mutant was significantly
      increased. A substantial increase in labeling was observed in the cortex and deep
      nuclei of the staggerer cerebellum in which a large fraction of Golgi II cells,
      Purkinje cells, granule cells and mossy fibers have degenerated. We discuss the
      possibility that the persistence of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites in
      all four mutants may imply a non-neuronal localization for a large proportion of
      muscarinic receptors in the mouse cerebellar cortex.

PMID- 3370501
TI  - Effects of changing hypothalamic temperature on eccrine sweating in the patas
      monkey.
AB  - Two male (10-13 kg) patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) were implanted with
      bilateral thermodes to control hypothalamic temperature. Animals were restrained
      in primate chairs and instrumented to yield hypothalamic (THYPO), colonic (Tc),
      and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures, chest sweat rate (mSW), and heart rate (HR).
      THYPO was monitored using a thermocouple inserted to the tip of a non-perfused
      thermode; mSW was measured using resistance hygrometry. After the monkey
      equilibrated to a selected ambient temperature, four thermodes were perfused with
      water from a temperature-controlled bath. Increasing THYPO from 37 to 41 degrees
      C increased mSW from 0.05 to 0.30 mg.cm-2.min-1. Reducing Tsk shifted the
      THYPO:mSW relationship to the right (p less than 0.05) without significantly
      altering its slope. Activity-induced changes in HR, when THYPO was constant,
      caused fluctuations in ongoing sweating that closely tracked HR. We conclude that
      mSW in the patas monkey is controlled by both peripheral and central thermal
      inputs and nonthermal factors.

PMID- 3370502
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 hyperthermia in water or food deprived rats.
AB  - The effect of 48 hours of water deprivation on the colonic temperature response
      to intrahypothalamic injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was investigated in
      adult male rats. Water deprivation did not alter colonic temperature of rats at a
      neutral ambient temperature. Administration of PGE1 at doses of 50, 200 and 400
      ng gave rise to a short latency dose dependent hyperthermia in both control and
      water deprived rats. Water deprived rats had significantly greater increases in
      colonic temperature following the two higher doses of PGE1. Control rats and
      water deprived rats exposed to the cold (5 degrees C) had decreases in colonic
      temperature which were not significantly different. Water deprivation, which
      should increase the plasma levels of the putative endogenous antipyretic
      vasopressin, does not attenuate PGE1 hyperthermia but has a slight enhancing
      effect. Following food deprivation for 48 hours rats had a slight but
      significantly greater increase in colonic temperature following intrahypothalamic
      injection of 200 ng PGE1. Thus the water deprivation induced change in
      responsiveness to PGE1 may be due to the decrease in food intake which
      accompanies water deprivation. The mechanism by which rats exhibit an enhanced
      febrile response to PGE1 administration following food or water deprivation is
      not yet known.

PMID- 3370503
TI  - Connections of a vagal communicating branch in the ferret. I. Pathways and cell
      body location.
AB  - In contrast to most other species, ferrets possess a single communicating branch
      connecting the dorsal and ventral vagal trunks immediately rostral to the
      diaphragm. This branch is being used in physiological studies of gastrointestinal
      function and emesis. However, the fibre routes which pass through this branch are
      not known. In this study, the afferent and efferent pathways within this
      supradiaphragmatic vagal communicating branch of the ferret were studied through
      the use of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing technique. The region of the
      branch was exposed using a thoracotomy and HRP crystals were applied to one of
      the following: (A) the ventral end of the communicating branch, (B) the dorsal
      end of the communicating branch, (C) the distal end of the dorsal vagal trunk
      rostral to the communicating branch or (D) the distal end of the ventral vagal
      trunk rostral to the communicating branch. Following a 72 hour survival period,
      the animals were reanaesthetized and perfused. The superior cervical and nodose
      ganglia and the brain stem were processed using the tetramethylbenzidine method.
      Following application of HRP to the cut ventral end of the communicating branch,
      labelled cell bodies were found in the left and right nodose ganglia and in the
      left dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. After HRP application to the cut dorsal
      end of the communicating branch, labelled cells were found in the left and right
      nodose ganglia. No HRP containing cell bodies were found following HRP
      application to the cut distal end of either the dorsal or the ventral vagal
      trunk. These results indicate that several afferent pathways exist within the
      branch, although only one consistently labelled efferent pathway was found.

PMID- 3370504
TI  - Atropine slows olfactory bulb kindling while diminished cholinergic innervation
      does not.
AB  - The development of kindled seizures elicited through electrical stimulation of
      the rat olfactory bulb (OB) was examined under two conditions which decrease
      cholinergic neurotransmission. Atropine sulfate (25 mg/kg, IP) administered 1 hr
      prior to stimulation of the OB was found to significantly delay the acquisition
      of the fully kindled state. In a second experiment, diminished cholinergic
      innervation of the OB was established using chemical lesions of the basal
      forebrain cholinergic system. Despite the depletion of acetylcholine (Ach), as
      determined by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAt)
      assays, no significant alterations in kindling parameters were observed. Based
      upon these findings we suggest that Ach is not critical to the establishment of
      an OB kindled focus but is important for the propagation and generalization of
      epileptiform activity initiated through OB stimulation.

PMID- 3370505
TI  - Optic axons regenerate into sciatic nerve isografts only in the presence of
      Schwann cells.
AB  - Optic axons regenerate into normal but not acellular peripheral nerve (PN)
      grafts. The first axons penetrate the PN graft before 5 days and grow inside the
      basal lamina tubes amongst the Schwann cells. By 30 days, 4% of the surviving
      retinal ganglion cells (RGC) regenerate axons for at least 10 mm into the PN
      graft. Laminin rich basal lamina tubes persist in the acellular PN transplants
      but only a few axons penetrate the most proximal parts of the tubes by 5 days and
      none grow farther into the graft by 30 days. RGC counts demonstrate that 34% of
      the normal RGC population survive 30 days after anastomosing a normal PN to the
      transected optic nerve. After anastomosing acellular PN grafts, 25% of RGCs
      survive compared with 10% after optic nerve section. These findings demonstrate
      that laminin does not promote regeneration of axons and that Schwann cells play
      the primary role of offering trophic support and even a substrate for growth. RGC
      survival is also enhanced by PN grafts even when Schwann cells are absent. This
      latter result suggests that RGC survival is promoted by a trophic substance
      released from axons and/or Schwann cells in the PN grafts which survives the
      thawing/freezing procedure (used to kill the Schwann cells) and is active in the
      grafts in the immediate post operative period.

PMID- 3370506
TI  - Differential effects on locomotor activity of injections of procaine into
      mediodorsal thalamus and pedunculopontine nucleus.
AB  - A comparison was made of the contributions to locomotor activity of output
      projections of the subpallidal region to the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and to the
      pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). Locomotor activity elicited by injections of
      picrotoxin into the subpallidal region was reduced by the administration of
      procaine to the pedunculopontine nucleus but not by the administration of
      procaine to mediodorsal thalamus. Since the pedunculopontine nucleus is part of
      the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) it appears that subpallido
      pedunculopontine projections contribute to the locomotor component of adaptive
      behaviors associated with limbic integrative activities.

PMID- 3370507
TI  - Disruption of food hoarding by injections of procaine into mediodorsal thalamus,
      GABA into subpallidal region and haloperidol into accumbens.
AB  - The contributions of accumbens-subpallido-mediodorsal thalamus (MD) projections
      to food hoarding were investigated. The number of food pellets hoarded was
      reduced by bilateral injections of haloperidol into the accumbens, by bilateral
      injections of GABA into the subpallidal region and by bilateral injections of
      procaine into the mediodorsal thalamus. Food hoarding was not reduced by
      bilateral injections of procaine into the pedunculopontine nucleus. It appears
      that subpallido-mediodorsal thalamus projections are associated with hoarding
      behavior but not subpallido-pedunculopontine projections.

PMID- 3370508
TI  - Differential intracellular labelling of identified neurones with two fluorescent
      dyes.
AB  - Electrophysiologically characterised rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones in
      vitro were injected with a fluorescent dye, either ethidium bromide or Lucifer
      yellow. Microelectrodes filled with ethidium bromide had lower resistances and
      were electrically more stable than comparable electrodes filled with Lucifer
      yellow. Neither dye affected the electrophysiology of these neurones in this
      study. We have used these dyes to locate and identify unambiguously the
      electrophysiologically characterised neurones after histological processing.
      Neurones filled with ethidium bromide could easily be distinguished from those
      filled with Lucifer yellow, even when they were closely apposed. Preliminary
      data, using the antibody RT97, indicates the compatibility of ethidium bromide
      injection with immunocytochemical studies. Ethidium bromide promises to be an
      important tool for use alone and alongside Lucifer yellow in the correlation of
      electrophysiology with histology.

PMID- 3370510
TI  - Fever in burned children.
AB  - The patterns of rectal temperature (Tr) and skin surface temperatures (Tthigh and
      Ttoe) of 40 children were studied during the first 48 h after burn injury. The
      patients' ages ranged from 5 months to 12 years and all required intravenous
      resuscitation. On admission Tr measured 2-6h after the burn, ranged from 36.5 to
      39.0 degrees C and 19 children had temperatures greater than 37.5 degrees C; the
      upper limit of the normal range for healthy children. Patients 5-12 months old
      had the lowest Tr during the early period. During the first 12 h Tr rose rapidly
      and 27 patients (67 per cent) had a fever (Tr greater than 38.5 degrees C). In 10
      children Tr was greater than 40.0 degrees C. There was no relationship between
      the rise in Tr and the sex of the patient, the ambient temperature, the size,
      site or type of burn. Age was the most important variable, particularly during
      the first 12 h, where a positive correlation between Tr and age occurred in
      patients aged 5-23 months (P less than 0.01, r = 0.53). Throughout the first 48 h
      Tr remained elevated. Tthigh closely followed the pattern of Tr, but Ttoe varied
      considerably, reflecting cardiovascular as well as thermoregulatory responses.

PMID- 3370509
TI  - Atropine sulfate modulates estrogen binding by female, but not male, rat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Studies have shown that pharmacological manipulation of the dopamine,
      norepinephrine and muscarinic cholinergic neurotransmitter systems modulates the
      number of neural estrogen binding sites. Previously, we reported that the
      muscarinic agonist, bethanechol, increased estrogen receptor binding by
      hypothalamic cytosols from female, but not male, rats. Moreover, pretreatment
      with atropine prevented the bethanechol-induced effect. The experiments reported
      here were executed with the expectation that atropine alone would either decrease
      or fail to alter estrogen binding. However, the present data show that atropine
      increases estrogen binding by female, but not male, hypothalamic cytosols. Thus,
      it appears that a muscarinic antagonist and agonist can similarly affect the
      concentration of estrogen binding sites in female rat hypothalamus.

PMID- 3370511
TI  - A study of childhood scalds.
AB  - A retrospective review of admissions to the Wessex Regional Burn Centre was made
      to determine the incidence and causes of childhood scalds during the periods 1960
      65 and 1979-84. No reduction in numbers injured or significant change in causes
      were observed. Children aged 1-2 years old are still the most prone to scalding
      injury.

PMID- 3370512
TI  - Changes in the pattern of microsomal fatty acids in rat liver after thermal
      injury and therapeutic intervention.
AB  - Despite substantial progress in handling the acute phase after thermal injury,
      severely burned patients still succumb to systemic sepsis as a consequence of a
      compromised defence system. It is likely that autotoxic mechanisms play an
      important role in the aetiology of the impaired host defence. One of the primary
      target systems of autotoxic cell damage is the liver. In the present work
      oxidative alterations in the microsomal compartment of liver cells have been
      investigated. It was found that thermal burns are associated with extensive
      oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids which can be antagonized by antioxidants
      such as silibinin.

PMID- 3370514
TI  - Tracheoesophageal fistula secondary to muriatic acid ingestion.
AB  - Acid ingestion may result in a variety of early and late complications. A patient
      is presented with severe sequelae from muriatic acid ingestion, including a
      tracheoesophageal fistula which is a previously unreported complication of acid
      ingestion injury. Recommendations are made for diagnosis and prevention of this
      potentially lethal complication.

PMID- 3370513
TI  - The influence of parental visiting on survival and recovery of extensively burned
      children.
AB  - At two recent conferences, one specifically devoted to psychosocial aspects of
      treatment of burns, the beneficial effect of contact with relatives was
      emphasized. A review of material from a study made during 1962/3 of 105 burned
      children confirmed that emphasis, with regard to survival of the most seriously
      burned children. Of seven children with full thickness injury in excess of 25 per
      cent BSA burned, four were visited daily by parents and recovered, while of three
      children who were not visited daily two died and a third became moribund and
      probably would have died if daily parental visiting had not been reinstated. Of
      15 children with full thickness injury between 10 and 24 per cent BSA burned
      there was virtually no difference in the number of days spent in the children's
      burns unit for 10 who were visited daily and for five who were not. Plans to
      centralize specialized burns units may be counterproductive unless they include
      provision of transport fares as well as accommodation for relatives in order to
      encourage visiting.

PMID- 3370515
TI  - A psychological follow-up study of adult patients discharged from a British burn
      unit.
AB  - An investigation of the psychological sequelae of two samples of burns patients
      is presented. Both samples are a nearly complete consecutive series of adult
      patients treated at a British Regional Burns Unit. Sixteen patients were
      interviewed at their first discharge from the ward and 6 months later. A further
      15 patients were assessed 2 years after their first discharge. Systematic
      assessment included psychological questionnaires giving estimates of the severity
      of psychological disturbance. Thirty-one per cent of adults at discharge, 38 per
      cent at 6 months and 40 per cent at 2 years were sufficiently disturbed to
      require specialist referral. The type of help received and preferred by patients
      is also discussed and conclusions drawn about how burns unit staff can improve
      the adjustment of burns-injured adults.

PMID- 3370516
TI  - Complexities of family grief in a burns unit: some social work dilemmas.
AB  - Grief is a complex, emotional, but nevertheless normal, natural and painful
      process which is necessary and common to us all. The intensity of grief is
      influenced by many factors, e.g., degree of attachment, quality and length of
      relationship, length and nature of the illness, and whether the death is sudden
      or expected. Various stages of grief include numbness, disbelief, anger, guilt,
      remorse, despair, acceptance. In a medical setting the social worker faces
      dilemmas when involved with family grief, and some of these are addressed herein.

PMID- 3370517
TI  - Paraplegia in an electrical burn: a case report.
AB  - Electrical burns constitute a significant component of burn injuries worldwide.
      Cason (1981) reported about 150 deaths occurring every year from electrical
      injuries in the UK. However, spinal cord involvement is a relatively uncommon
      sequel of electrical injury. A case of paraplegia mainly with motor involvement,
      following electrical injury, and near complete recovery is reported.

PMID- 3370519
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for fibreoptic bronchoscopy in
      inhalation injury.
AB  - Inhalation injury is a relatively common complication of burn injury requiring
      early attention with respect to diagnosis and therapy, and frequent assessments
      of the tracheobronchial status. Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings
      often cannot fulfil these needs. Therefore the advantages of flexible fibreoptic
      bronchoscopy (FFB) in diagnosis and therapy of respiratory tract injury are shown
      by these case reports.

PMID- 3370518
TI  - Cold panniculitis in children (Haxthausen's disease).
AB  - This report describes the rarely recognized, but probably quite common, cold
      panniculitis, which occurs predominantly in infants, as red indurated plaques or
      nodules on the face, following exposure to severe cold.

PMID- 3370520
TI  - The Frenchay Burns Chart.

PMID- 3370521
TI  - Sunburn in children in the west of Scotland.
AB  - Leaving babies and young children out in the sun during periods of unexpected
      exceptionally fine weather resulted in 142 children being treated for sunburn in
      the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow over a 6-year period. Care-givers
      should be warned of the potential hazards of overexposure to sunshine.

PMID- 3370522
TI  - Plasticized polyvinyl chloride film as a primary burns dressing: a
      microbiological study.
AB  - Twenty-four patients were studied after the application of plasticized polyvinyl
      chloride (PVC) film as a temporary burns dressing. The burns were assessed as
      being partial thickness (nine patients) and full thickness (15 patients) in depth
      and involving 2 per cent to 35 per cent of the body surface area. Microbiological
      cultures were performed on the exudate beneath the plasticized PVC film and then
      at each dressing change until the burn was healed. Bacterial isolates showed no
      unexpected organisms and there was no predominant organism to suggest
      contamination from the plasticized PVC film. Indeed, bacteria were only rarely
      isolated from the initial exudate (three of 37 burn wounds), and subsequent
      bacterial cultures did not differ from those normally found in burn wounds. In
      addition, incorporation of the plasticized PVC film into nutrient broth and agar
      with Staph, aureus and Ps. aeruginosa did not influence the recovery of these
      organisms, indicating that plasticized PVC film does not exert any antibacterial
      effect.

PMID- 3370523
TI  - Moisture-vapour-permeable film as an outpatient burn dressing.
AB  - This study compares a moisture-vapour-permeable film (MVPF) with silver
      sulphadiazine in a randomized prospective manner for the treatment of outpatient
      burns. The two treatment groups were closely matched in age, sex, per cent of BSA
      burned, and in burn severity and locations. The MVPF group demonstrated a 39.0
      per cent greater reduction in pain after application of the dressing over the
      silver sulphadiazine group. Patients in the MVPF film group also reported
      significantly less difficulty in wound care and in dressing interference with
      their daily functions. The clinical infection rate and time to healing were
      similar in both groups. In the management of outpatient burns, MVPF was found to
      be superior to silver sulphadiazine.

PMID- 3370524
TI  - Meeting the needs of the computer age in continuing education.

PMID- 3370525
TI  - Activity level in hospitalized children during sleep onset latency.

PMID- 3370526
TI  - Effect of extracapsular cataract extraction on intraocular pressure.
AB  - Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 27 normotensive patients scheduled to
      undergo uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a
      posterior chamber intraocular lens implant. The measurements were recorded the
      day before surgery, 3, 6 and 9 hours after surgery and the following morning.
      Fourteen of the patients had a substantial increase in IOP, to more than 30 mm
      Hg, on the evening of surgery. Most had normal IOP values the next morning.
      Ophthalmologists should be aware of this possible effect of extracapsular
      cataract extraction on IOP.

PMID- 3370527
TI  - Successful treatment of the ocular ischemic syndrome with panretinal
      photocoagulation and cerebrovascular surgery.
AB  - The ocular ischemic syndrome is a manifestation of chronic vascular
      insufficiency. The natural history is for progressive visual loss. The authors
      describe 12 patients (13 eyes) who presented with at least one asymmetric ocular
      finding, including midperipheral dot and blot hemorrhages (hypoperfusion
      retinopathy) (in 8), iris neovascularization (in 7), neovascular glaucoma (in 3)
      and vitreous hemorrhage (in 1). Cerebral angiography revealed stenosis or
      occlusion of the ipsilateral carotid artery in all cases. The treatment was
      panretinal photocoagulation (in four cases), cerebrovascular surgery (in three)
      or both (in six). All but one patient showed stabilization of visual acuity
      (20/60 or better in nine cases) and regression of proliferative retinopathy and
      of iris neovascularization. The results underline the importance of early
      recognition and treatment of the ocular ischemic syndrome.

PMID- 3370529
TI  - Retinal cavernous hemangioma.
AB  - We describe an 8-year-old girl with cavernous hemangioma of the retina, a rare
      condition. The patient was followed for 7 years and showed change in her clinical
      appearance.

PMID- 3370528
TI  - Inferior oblique myositis presenting as superior oblique muscle palsy.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl presented with progressive vertical strabismus simulating
      superior oblique muscle palsy. However, because of the presence of limitation of
      infraduction, computed tomography was done; it showed a large mass in the region
      of the right inferior oblique muscle. A biopsy specimen of the enlarged muscle
      showed mainly degenerative and some regenerative changes. The diagnosis was
      orbital myositis, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      strabismus, especially if the clinical findings are atypical of strabismus.

PMID- 3370530
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland with metastasis to the preauricular lymph
      nodes and parotid gland.
AB  - We describe a 68-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland with
      metastatic spread to the ipsilateral preauricular lymph nodes and parotid gland.
      The patient died of metastatic lung involvement. Metastasis to the preauricular
      nodes and parotid gland by malignant lacrimal gland tumours is rare.

PMID- 3370531
TI  - A new wide-angle irrigating contact lens for pars plana vitrectomy.

PMID- 3370532
TI  - Adrenomedullary origin of the hindquarter vasodilation during the transposition
      response of the rat.
AB  - Transposing a rat from the home cage to a new cage produces a cardiovascular
      response (transposition response) characterized by an increase in hindquarter
      blood flow with unchanged systemic arterial pressure. Arterial blood samples were
      collected from rats before and during this response for radioenzymatic assay of
      catecholamines. During the transposition response, the concentration of
      adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma increased about six- and two-fold,
      respectively. Ablation of the adrenal medulla prevented these changes in plasma
      catecholamine concentration. Constant i.v. infusion of adrenaline, at rates
      producing a hindquarter flow approximately matching that observed during the
      transposition response, evoked an increase in plasma adrenaline concentration
      also approximately matching the increase observed during the transposition
      response. It is concluded that the increase in plasma adrenaline secreted from
      the adrenal medulla is the main cause of the increase in hindquarter blood flow
      in the transposition response.

PMID- 3370533
TI  - Simultaneous and independent release of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat.
AB  - The relative dependence or independence of the secretion of the neurohypophysial
      hormones, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, was investigated using a wide
      variety of stimuli reported to cause the secretion of one or the other hormone.
      Differences in species, animal preparations, sampling techniques, assays, and
      other factors make comparison of many previous studies difficult. The aim of this
      study was to overcome these problems by using the same methodology, animal
      species, and assays to compare vasopressin and oxytocin release. To further
      strengthen the analysis, determinations of vasopressin and oxytocin were done in
      the same blood samples. The results demonstrated that during simultaneous release
      of both hormones, vasopressin is released in greater proportion following
      restraint stress, hemorrhage, isotonic hypovolemia, and nicotine, whereas
      oxytocin is released in greater proportion following endotoxin or hypertonic
      saline. Vasopressin was released without oxytocin following diethylstilbestrol.
      Oxytocin was released without concomitant vasopressin release following exercise,
      hypothermia, hyperthermia, labour, and lactation. Neither oxytocin nor
      vasopressin release was observed following thyroid-releasing hormone or insulin
      induced hypoglycemia. These data illustrate the marked flexibility of the
      hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system that regulates secretion of vasopressin and
      oxytocin.

PMID- 3370534
TI  - Bradykinin stimulates a rise in cytosolic calcium in renal glomerular mesangial
      cells via a pertussis toxin insensitive pathway.
AB  - Bradykinin elicits a complex response in the renal glomerulus which includes a
      reduction in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient. To elucidate
      the biochemical mechanism of this response, we investigated calcium signalling in
      rat renal glomerular mesangial cells in culture using the calcium-sensitive
      fluorescent dye, Indo-1. Bradykinin was found to cause a concentration-dependent
      transient rise in cytosolic free calcium followed by a sustained slower secondary
      rise. The bradykinin response persisted with acute removal of extracellular
      calcium using EGTA, indicating that calcium entry from outside the cell did not
      mediate this primary response. Prolonged exposure to EGTA, which reduced
      intracellular stores, eliminated the calcium response to bradykinin but not to
      vasopressin, indicating differential sensitivity to intracellular calcium stores
      of these two hormonal responses. In agreement, prior stimulation with vasopressin
      significantly attenuated the response to bradykinin, but the converse did not
      occur. Aluminum fluoride and pertussis toxin were used to investigate the
      possible involvement of a guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein in signal
      transduction. Aluminum fluoride induced a transient rise in cytosolic calcium
      that was abrogated by prior exposure of the cells to pertussis toxin. This
      demonstrates the effectiveness of pertussis toxin and the presence of a calcium
      signalling pathway susceptible to pertussis toxin in these cells. In contrast,
      the responses to bradykinin and vasopressin were unaffected by pertussis toxin.
      We conclude that bradykinin stimulates release of calcium from intracellular
      stores in glomerular mesangial cells via a pertussis toxin insensitive pathway.
      This mesangial response provides a direct biochemical basis for the bradykinin
      induced fall in glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient which has been
      observed in vivo.

PMID- 3370535
TI  - Myosin light chain phosphorylation and contractile performance of human skeletal
      muscle.
AB  - Twitch tension and maximal unloaded velocity of human knee extensor muscles were
      studied under conditions of low phosphate content of the phosphorylatable light
      chains (P-light chains) of myosin and elevated phosphate content, following a 10
      s maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC). After the MVC, twitch tension
      was significantly potentiated, with greater potentiation observed at a shorter
      muscle length (p less than 0.05). The MVC was associated with at least a twofold
      increase in phosphate content of the fast (LC2F) and two slow (LC2S and LC2S') P
      light chains, but this increase was unrelated to muscle length. No significant
      differences in knee extension velocity were observed between conditions where P
      light chains had low or elevated phosphate content. Positive but nonsignificant
      correlations were noted between the extent of twitch potentiation and phosphate
      content of individual P-light chains as well as the percentage of type II muscle
      fibres in vastus lateralis muscle. No significant relationships were determined
      for myosin light chain kinase activity and either P-light chain phosphorylation
      or type II fibre percentage. These data suggest that, unlike other mammalian fast
      muscles, P-light chain phosphorylation of mixed human muscles is not strongly
      associated with altered contractile performance.

PMID- 3370536
TI  - Thermogenic effects of dihydrocodeine in the rat.
AB  - The object of this study was to assess the effects of dihydrocodeine on
      thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue activity in the rat from measurements of
      oxygen consumption and blood flow. Acute injection of dihydrocodeine tartrate
      (s.c.) stimulated resting oxygen consumption (VO2) in Sprague-Dawley rats in a
      dose-dependent manner (0.5-50 mg/kg), with a peak response (40-45% increase)
      occurring at 10-25 mg/kg. This effect was also observed in urethane-anaesthetized
      rats (although the effect was reduced) and in conscious animals following gastric
      intubation with the drug. Pretreatment of rats with either a beta-adrenergic
      antagonist (propranolol, 20 mg/kg), ACTH (4 g/kg), or an opiate antagonist
      (WIN44441-1, 2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the response to dihydrocodeine,
      whereas corticosterone injection (5 mg/kg) enhanced the effect. Surgical
      adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy (HYPX) almost completely abolished the
      thermogenic effect of dihydrocodeine. Dihydrocodeine also stimulated VO2 in lean
      (58% increase) and genetically obese Zucker rats (69% increase), and in both
      Zucker genotypes these responses were only slightly affected by HYPX, but
      enhanced in HYPX rats treated daily with corticosterone (1 mg/kg). Tissue blood
      flow, assessed from the distribution of radiolabelled microspheres, was
      unaffected in white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, testes, kidney, brain, and
      liver (arterial supply) after a single injection of dihydrocodeine (25 mg/kg),
      but flow to interscapular and perirenal brown adipose tissue was increased by 9-
      to 10-fold. Surgical sympathectomy of brown adipose tissue prevented the increase
      in blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370537
TI  - The mobility and reactivity of maleimide-binding proteins in the rat erythrocyte
      membrane. Effects of dietary zinc deficiency and incubation with zinc in vitro.
AB  - Erythrocyte ghosts, prepared from rats fed zinc-deficient diets, were analyzed
      for the mobility of membrane proteins by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of
      the sulfhydryl-binding spin probe, 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N
      oxyl. Compared with erythrocyte membranes from rats fed zinc-adequate diets ad
      libitum or pair-fed, erythrocyte membranes from zinc-deficient rats had a
      significantly increased ratio of weakly immobilized to strongly immobilized probe
      binding proteins. This suggests that dietary zinc deficiency causes a
      conformational change in erythrocyte membrane proteins. Dietary zinc deficiency
      did not significantly affect N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-induced thermal sensitivity
      or NEM-induced mechanical fragility in rat erythrocytes; however, the addition of
      zinc in vitro to red cells significantly inhibits NEM-induced mechanical
      fragility.

PMID- 3370539
TI  - Euvolemic cirrhotic dogs in sodium balance maintain normal systemic hemodynamics.
AB  - Dogs with chronic biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension commonly develop
      plasma volume expansion, urinary sodium retention, ascites, and perturbed
      systemic hemodynamics, i.e., a rise in cardiac output and a fall in peripheral
      vascular resistance. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that creating a
      side-side portacaval anastomosis in such animals, and so venting hepatoportal
      pressure, will prevent sodium retention and ascites formation and will maintain
      the animals euvolemic. In the present study, in four cirrhotic dogs with such an
      anastomosis, observations made at 12 weeks postbiliary duct ligation, and in the
      presence of grossly disturbed liver function and morphology, failed to
      demonstrate any change from control conditions in arterial blood pressure,
      cardiac output, or peripheral vascular resistance. We conclude that venting
      hepatoportal pressure in cirrhotic dogs with markedly disturbed liver function
      prevents the advent of a hyperdynamic circulation, possibly by preventing volume
      expansion.

PMID- 3370538
TI  - Aspirin enhances evaporation in hydrated and dehydrated rats.
AB  - The effect of acetysalicylic acid (aspirin) on thermoregulation in a warm
      environment was studied in hydrated and dehydrated adult rats to test the
      hypothesis that dehydration hyperthermia can be modified by an antipyretic drug.
      Metabolic rate (MR), evaporative water loss (EWL), and deep body temperature (Tb)
      were measured during 2 h of exposure to an ambient temperature of 36 degrees C
      after the rats had received an oral pellet of aspirin (100 mg.kg-1) or placebo.
      The dehydrated placebo group had a higher Tb and lower EWL than the hydrated
      placebo group. Aspirin increased MR and EWL in both hydrated and dehydrated
      animals. Aspirin did not affect Tb in hydrated rats, but reduced Tb by 0.2 degree
      C in dehydrated rats during the heat exposure. The elevation in EWL appears to be
      a thermoregulatory response to increased heat production in both hydrated and
      dehydrated animals after aspirin treatment. The possibility that aspirin may act
      in dehydrated animals to restore central thermosensitivity toward hydrated levels
      needs to be tested further.

PMID- 3370540
TI  - Regulation of canine skeletal muscle and hindlimb blood flow in acute anemia.
AB  - Redistribution of blood flow away from resting skeletal muscles does not occur
      during anemic hypoxia even when whole body oxygen uptake is not maintained. In
      the present study, the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on both skeletal
      muscle and hindlimb blood flow were studied prior to and during anemia in
      anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated dogs. In one series (skeletal muscle
      group, n = 8) paw blood flow was excluded by placing a tourniquet around the
      ankle; in a second series (hindlimb group, n = 8) no tourniquet was placed at the
      ankle. The distal end of the transected left sciatic nerve was stimulated to
      produce a maximal vasoconstrictor response for 4-min intervals at normal
      hematocrit (Hct.) and at 30 min of anemia (Hct. = 14%). Arterial blood pressure
      and hindlimb or muscle blood flow were measured; resistance and vascular
      hindrance were calculated. Nerve stimulation decreased blood flow (p less than
      0.05) in the hindlimb and muscle groups at normal Hct. Blood flow rose (p less
      than 0.05) during anemia and was decreased (p less than 0.05) in both groups
      during nerve stimulation. However, the blood flow values in both groups during
      nerve stimulation in anemic animals were greater (p less than 0.05) than those at
      normal Hct. Hindlimb and muscle vascular resistance fell significantly during
      anemia and nerve stimulation produced a greater increase in vascular resistance
      at normal Hct. Vascular hindrance in muscle, but not hindlimb, was less during
      nerve stimulation in anemia than at normal Hct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370541
TI  - Neural stimulation of gluconeogenesis in isolated pyruvate-perfused rat kidneys.
AB  - To estimate peritubular norepinephrine concentration during renal nerve
      stimulation, we compared gluconeogenic responses in isolated pyruvate-perfused
      rat kidneys with electrical nerve stimulation and exogenous norepinephrine.
      During 2 and 4 Hz stimulation, venous norepinephrine was 1.7 +/- 0.4 and 2.7 +/-
      0.9 nmol/L, respectively. Intra-arterial norepinephrine infusion of 60 pmol/min
      for 20 min (an amount corresponding to that released during 4 Hz stimulation)
      resulted in venous norepinephrine levels of 3.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/L. Electrical
      stimuli (1, 2, and 4 Hz) sustained increases in vascular resistance of 2, 5, and
      11% during 20 min of stimulation, while the norepinephrine infusion increased
      resistance gradually by 8% and a bolus (12.5 nmol/L) transiently increased
      resistance by 2%. All electrical and norepinephrine interventions, except 1 Hz,
      decreased fractional Cl excretion. Decreased glomerular filtration rate was
      observed only during 4 Hz stimulation. Gluconeogenesis transiently increased
      during stimulation at 2 or 4 Hz (12% (p = 0.056) and 15% (p = 0.028]. The 5%
      increase in gluconeogenesis during norepinephrine infusion did not differ from
      the increase during 4 Hz stimulation (p = 0.45). An exogenous norepinephrine
      bolus (12.5 nmol/L) increased gluconeogenesis 60% for 15 min, four time more than
      the response to 4 Hz nerve stimulation (p = 0.012). Therefore, we conclude that
      nerve stimulation sufficient to produce sustained vasoconstriction and
      antinatriuresis raised norepinephrine concentration less than 12 nmol/L on the
      peritubular surface of the S1 proximal tubule, thus accounting for the small
      gluconeogenic response.

PMID- 3370542
TI  - Left ventricular reflex control of venous return and systemic vascular
      capacitance in dogs.
AB  - The reflex effects of left ventricular distension on venous return, vascular
      capacitance, vascular resistance, and sympathetic efferent nerve activity were
      examined in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. In addition, the
      interaction of left ventricular distension and the carotid sinus baroreflex was
      examined. Vascular capacitance was assessed by measuring changes in systemic
      blood volume, using extracorporeal circulation with constant cardiac output and
      constant central venous pressure. Left ventricular distension produced by balloon
      inflation caused a transient biphasic change in venous return; an initial small
      increase was followed by a late relatively large decrease. Left ventricular
      distension increased systemic blood volume by 3.8 +/- 0.6 mL/kg and decreased
      systemic blood pressure by 27 +/- 2 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa) at an isolated
      carotid sinus pressure of 50 mmHg. These changes were accompanied by a
      simultaneous decrease in sympathetic efferent nerve activity. When the carotid
      sinus pressure was increased to 125 and 200 mmHg, these responses were
      attenuated. It is suggested that left ventricular mechanoreceptors and carotid
      baroreceptors contribute importantly to the control of venous return and vascular
      capacitance.

PMID- 3370543
TI  - Neuronal activity recorded extracellularly from in situ canine mediastinal
      ganglia.
AB  - Spontaneous activity of 226 neurons was recorded from in situ mediastinal ganglia
      in 10 dogs. Forty-two percent of these were active during specific phases of the
      cardiac cycle, primarily during systole. Cardiovascular-related activity occurred
      when systolic pressure was between approximately 70 and 185 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3
      Pa) whether the pressure was altered by positive inotropic pharmacological agents
      or cross clamping of the aorta. Twenty percent of the identified neurons
      displayed respiratory-related activity which occurred during positive pressure
      inflation or deflation. Thirty-eight percent of the identified neurons displayed
      bursts of activity or sporadic activity. The activity of 17% of the identified
      neurons was altered by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the
      neck, left elbow, ventral thoracic wall, ventral abdominal wall, superior vena
      cava, right ventricle, or aorta. In the majority of instances cardiovascular- or
      respiratory-related activity persisted following acute decentralization,
      indicating that neurons in mediastinal ganglia can function in the absence of
      influences of central nervous system neurons. Five percent of the identified
      neurons were activated by single 1-4 ms, 10-20 V stimuli delivered at 0.5 Hz to
      the nerves connected with either the cranial or the caudal poles of the
      mediastinal ganglion or the ansae. These neurons were activated after a fixed
      latency when 0.5 Hz was used and in most instances when 10 Hz was used. These
      data indicate that 5% or less of the neurons identified projected axons out of
      the mediastinal ganglia investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370544
TI  - Energy cost and metabolic regulation during intermittent and continuous tetanic
      contractions in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - Muscle ATP turnover, glycogenolytic, and glycolytic rates were estimated to
      compare the energy cost and glycolytic regulation of 102.4 s of continuous and
      intermittent stimulation. Quadriceps femoris muscles of male subjects were
      stimulated at 20 Hz for one continuous contraction (n = 6) or a series of 64
      contractions (1.6 s on, 1.6 s off; n = 6). Leg blood flow was occluded and muscle
      biopsies were obtained at rest and following 51.2 and 102.4 s of contraction time
      in both conditions. Isometric force production by the activated knee extensors
      decreased to 55% of initial contraction force with intermittent and 80% of
      initial contraction force with continuous stimulation following 51.2 s of
      contraction time. Corresponding ATP turnover rates were 4.49 +/- 0.39 and 3.80 +/
      0.44 mmol.kg dry muscle-1.s-1. When normalized for tension production the
      respective energy costs of intermittent and continuous contractions were 3.66 +/-
      0.47 and 2.64 +/- 0.36 mmol ATP.kg-1.100 N-1. Glycogenolytic rates were identical
      during the first 51.2 s of stimulation but glycolysis was higher in the
      intermittent group (1.05 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.11 mmol.kg-1.s-1). We suggest
      that the increased ATP utilization of intermittent contractions is associated
      with enhanced Ca2+-transport ATPase activity during relaxation and enhanced
      actomyosin ATPase activity during the early portion of each contraction.
      Glycolytic rate is dependent on ATP demand and regulated by allosteric modulators
      of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase which are released or consumed in the
      reactions associated with contraction.

PMID- 3370545
TI  - Reversal of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction with pentoxifylline and
      aminophylline in isolated lungs.
AB  - Pentoxifylline (Pent) is a xanthine known to improve erythrocyte deformability
      and thought to have little effect on smooth muscle tone. In this study I examined
      the direct effects of Pent on the pulmonary vasculature of isolated lungs and
      compared them with the effects of aminophylline. The object was to study whether
      Pent can reverse the hypoxic pressor response (HPR) by its hemorheological
      property. Changes in pulmonary arterial pressure (Pa) of isolated lungs (pigs and
      rats) perfused at constant flow rate were monitored to reflect changes in
      vascular resistance. During normoxia, injection of Pent (5 mg/kg animal weight)
      in pig lungs depressed the Pa from 12.8 +/- 1.8 to 8.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg (1 mmHg =
      133.3 Pa); whereas during hypoxia, Pa was depressed from 34.0 +/- 2.3 to 12.3 +/-
      1.4 mmHg. To identify the mechanism of this vasodepressor effect (being either
      vasodilation or improved erythrocyte deformability), I tested the effect of Pent
      in lungs perfused with cell-free perfusate. In these plasma-perfused lungs, the
      vasodepressor effects of Pent were similar to those observed during blood
      perfusion (slight depression in Pa during normoxia, but large during hypoxia).
      Similar experiments in blood and plasma perfused pig lungs revealed that
      aminophylline (5 mg/kg) also produced similar vasodepressor responses. The
      effects of Pent in rat lungs were comparable; no effect during normoxia, but a
      depressor effect during hypoxia. Vasoconstriction in pig lungs induced by
      angiotensin infusion was also abolished by Pent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370546
TI  - Time course of adaptation to hypoxia in newborn rats.
AB  - In newborn rats after a few minutes of hypoxia, ventilation is similar to the
      normoxic value. Nevertheless, after a few days in hypoxia, newborn rats have a
      sustained hyperventilation. In this study we examined the time course of the
      newborn rat's adaptation to hypoxia. Measurements of body size, hematocrit, lung
      and heart mass, and breathing pattern have been performed on newborn rats exposed
      to hypoxia (10% O2) for different time intervals from 4 to 60 h (hypoxic, H), and
      on same-age rats growing in air (controls, C). Ventilation measured by flow
      plethysmography was increased in H rats above the C value from about 8 h; this
      was due to a higher breathing rate and, from 24 h, also to a larger tidal volume.
      During the early hours of hypoxia, oxygen consumption measured manometrically was
      about 50% of C, while after 3 days in hypoxia it was almost like the C value.
      These observations indicate that the lack of sustained hyperventilation,
      characteristic of the newborn's acute exposure to hypoxia, is an immediate but
      transient phenomenon that is resolved after a few hours, and suggest a tight link
      between metabolic and ventilatory hypoxic responses. Body weight of H rats was
      less than in C, owing to an immediate decrease below the prehypoxic value. Dry
      heart and lung weight changed in proportion with the rest of the body during the
      first 36-48 h of hypoxia, then they increased disproportionately more. Hence,
      these temporal changes suggest that the large heart and lung weight-body weight
      ratios of the chronic hypoxic animals result from their smaller body mass and the
      stimulated growth of cardiac and pulmonary tissues.

PMID- 3370547
TI  - Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport and long chain acylcarnitines in
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Male Wistar rats were treated with L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (500
      micrograms.kg.-1.day-1) for 3 days. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was
      isolated at several time points during the induction of the hyperthyroid state
      and calcium transport and the levels of carnitine derivatives were determined.
      Calcium transport was augmented at all free calcium concentrations assayed (0.1
      5.3 microM) 24 h following a single dose of T3; at 48 and 72 h, calcium transport
      was further augmented. Calcium-dependent phosphoprotein levels were increased in
      the SR of the 48- and 72-h T3-treated groups. Total SR carnitine was reduced
      after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment. Long chain acylcarnitine (LCAC) levels were
      decreased in T3-treated SR at 48 and 72 h. This study shows that calcium
      transport is increased in T3-treated rat heart SR and that this increase may be
      related to a reduction in the endogenous level of LCAC in the SR membrane.

PMID- 3370548
TI  - Contribution of adenosine to changes in coronary flow in metabolically stimulated
      rat heart.
AB  - The extent to which endogenous, extracellular adenosine mediates increased
      coronary flow in crystalloid-perfused, isovolumic rat hearts stimulated with
      either norepinephrine or isoproterenol was examined. When infused into the
      coronary circulation, norepinephrine (1 x 10(-7) M) rapidly increased left
      ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) from 81 +/- 6 to 235 +/- 13 mmHg (1 mmHg =
      133.3 Pa) and coronary flow from 12.7 +/- 0.8 to 18.4 +/- 0.7 mL.min-1.g-1. The
      presence of either adenosine deaminase (2 U.mL-1) or the adenosine receptor
      antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline (5 x 10(-6) M) in the perfusate of
      norepinephrine-stimulated hearts augmented the increase in LVDP and +/- dP/dtmax
      by 10-20% but reduced the increase in coronary flow by 34%. Doubling the rate of
      adenosine deaminase infusion, or infusing the enzyme and 8-phenyltheophylline
      together did not alter their inhibitory effectiveness. Similar results were
      observed with hearts stimulated with isoproterenol (5 x 10(-8) M). These data
      show that about a third of the vasodilation that results from the metabolic
      stimulation of rat heart by catecholamines is due to the receptor-mediated action
      of extracellular adenosine.

PMID- 3370549
TI  - The ex-vivo effects of thyroid status and extracellular calcium concentration on
      rat atrial and ventricular electrophysiology.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the thyroid
      status and both ventricular and atrial electrophysiology in the rat. The study
      was extended to consider the effects of altering the extracellular calcium
      concentration. The work was performed in two sections. First, hypothyroid animals
      were compared with euthyroid (untreated animals); second, hypothyroid animals
      were compared with hyperthyroid animals. Rats were rendered hypothyroid by
      pretreatment with the goitrogen methimazole and hyperthyroid by additional
      treatment with triiodothyronine. Action potential recordings were obtained using
      standard microelectrode techniques. Action potential measurements were made
      initially in a Krebs solution to which had been added 2.55 mM calcium (higher Ca
      Krebs solution) and at the end of each experiment after stabilization with Krebs
      solution to which had been added 1.28 mM calcium (lower Ca Krebs solution).
      Assessment of the change in action potential duration on transition from higher
      to lower Ca Krebs solution revealed that the euthyroid preparations demonstrated
      less prolongation of action potential duration than the hypothyroid group, and
      the hyperthyroid group showed hardly any response to reduction in calcium
      concentration.

PMID- 3370550
TI  - The effects of diet and duration of diabetes on hypermethioninemia in
      streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - There are conflicting reports concerning the existence of severe
      hypermethioninemia in rats made diabetic with the pancreotoxin, streptozotocin.
      To determine whether this discrepancy is due to experimental differences in the
      severity of diabetes or the diet fed to the animals, streptozotocin-diabetic and
      control rats were fed either a casein-based semipurified diet or laboratory chow
      for 2 or 5 weeks. Plasma methionine concentrations were elevated six- to nine
      fold after 2 weeks in the casein-fed diabetics compared with both their own
      controls and the chow-fed diabetics, respectively. Circulating methionine levels
      had declined sharply by 5 weeks in the casein-fed diabetics but were still more
      than twice those of the casein-fed control and chow-fed diabetic levels. Since
      methionine intakes were only 30% greater in the casein-fed diabetics than in the
      chow-fed diabetics, it is unlikely that this is the sole cause of the large
      differences in plasma methionine levels. The reason for the difference in
      circulating Met levels could not be explained on the basis of overall amino acid
      availability, since growth, nitrogen balance, and plasma large neutral amino acid
      profiles (excluding Met) were similar within control and diabetic groups fed the
      two diets.

PMID- 3370551
TI  - Comparative pharmacokinetics of yohimbine in steers, horses and dogs.
AB  - In steers, horses and dogs, the comparative pharmacokinetics of yohimbine were
      determined using model-independent analysis. The intravenous dose of yohimbine
      was 0.25 mg/kg of body weight in steers, 0.075 or 0.15 mg/kg in horses, and 0.4
      mg/kg in dogs. The mean residence time (+/- SD) of yohimbine was 86.7 +/- 46.2
      min in steers, 106.2 +/- 72.1 to 118.7 +/- 35.0 min in horses, and 163.6 +/- 49.7
      min in dogs. The mean apparent volume of distribution of yohimbine at steady
      state was 4.9 +/- 1.4 L/kg for steers, 2.7 +/- 1.0 to 4.6 +/- 1.9 L/kg for
      horses, and 4.5 +/- 1.8 L/kg for dogs. The total body clearance of yohimbine was
      69.6 +/- 35.1 mL/min/kg for steers, 34.0 +/- 19.4 to 39.6 +/- 16.6 mL/min/kg for
      horses, and 29.6 +/- 14.7 mL/min/kg for dogs. Between-species comparisons
      indicated that the mean area under the serum concentration versus time curve was
      significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in dogs than in horses. There were no
      significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between the means for the apparent
      volume of distribution, clearance, mean residence time, terminal rate constant,
      and area under the curve between horses given the two doses of yohimbine. The
      harmonic mean effective half-life (+/- pseudo standard deviation) of yohimbine
      was 46.7 +/- 24.4 min in steers, 52.8 +/- 27.8 to 76.1 +/- 23.1 min in horses,
      and 104.1 +/- 32.1 min in dogs. The data may explain why steers, horses, and dogs
      given certain sedatives and anesthetics do not relapse when aroused by an
      intravenous injection of yohimbine hydrochloride.

PMID- 3370552
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pathological evaluation of gentamicin in cats given a small
      intravenous dose repeatedly for five days.
AB  - Gentamicin was administered to six cats at a dosage of 3 mg/kg of body weight
      intravenously every 8 h for five days. Peak and trough serum gentamicin
      concentrations were measured after each injection. Gentamicin elimination rate
      and serum half-life were calculated. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine,
      biochemistry profile, electrolyte, glucose, total protein, and albumin
      concentrations were measured daily. Urinalyses were performed before and after
      the five-day experimental period. The mean +/- SD peak serum gentamicin
      concentration was 7.19 +/- 1.10 micrograms/mL, and the trough concentration was
      0.59 +/- 0.09 microgram/mL. These concentrations are known to be effective
      against most gentamicin-sensitive bacteria. The mean +/- SD gentamicin
      elimination rate was 0.0065 +/- 0.0004 min-1. The harmonic mean +/- pseudo
      standard deviation serum half-life of gentamicin was 107.21 +/- 12.79 min. There
      were no significant increases (P greater than 0.05) in clinicopathological
      variables. Microscopic examination of renal sections did not disclose
      pathological lesions. Signs of vestibular impairment were not observed. A dosage
      of 3 mg gentamicin/kg given intravenously every 8 h for five days was determined
      to be safe and to produce therapeutic blood levels in cats.

PMID- 3370553
TI  - Ochratoxin A in blood from slaughter pigs in western Canada.
AB  - Twelve hundred blood samples were obtained in 1986 from pigs slaughtered in
      western Canada. The samples were assayed for ochratoxin as it is a potential
      contaminant in the food system. Blood ochratoxin concentration is a good
      indicator of tissue concentrations, particularly those in the liver and kidney.
      High performance liquid chromatography analysis of serum for ochratoxin
      demonstrated that 3.6 and 4.2% of the blood samples collected in February and
      March (n = 194) and May, June and July (n = 1006), respectively, had ochratoxin
      concentrations that exceeded 20 ng/mL. Overall the percent of samples that had
      concentrations of greater than 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL serum were 11.3,
      4.1, 1.25, 0.42 and 0.08%, respectively. Samples that had ochratoxin
      concentrations that were greater than 20 ng/mL of serum were confirmed using two
      independent methods: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and methyl
      ester derivatization followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.

PMID- 3370554
TI  - Efficacy of immunization of feedlot calves with a commercial Haemophilus somnus
      bacterin.
AB  - Two cohorts, consisting of 10,723 calves total, were identified in this
      prospective follow-up study to investigate whether immunization of auction market
      beef calves immediately upon arrival at the feedlot with a commercial Haemophilus
      somnus whole cell killed bacterin would reduce subsequent mortality. In addition
      to mortality rate, the use of incidence rate of fatal disease is introduced as an
      effect measure to examine vaccine efficacy in the feedlot. The Haemophilus somnus
      bacterin had no significant effect on the overall crude mortality rate; however,
      the bacterin appeared to significantly (p less than 0.05) reduce the incidence
      rate of fatal disease and the mortality rate during the first two months in the
      feedlot, when risk of fatal disease onset was highest. Once mortalities likely
      not associated with hemophilosis (for example, a fractured femoral neck) were
      removed from the analysis, steer mortality rate, but not heifer mortality rate,
      was reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) in the vaccinated group. The
      attributable percent overall for steers was 17.4%; this suggests that 17.4% of
      fatal respiratory disease in the unvaccinated steers could have been prevented by
      vaccination with the H. somnus bacterin. Heifer calves demonstrated a
      significantly (p less than 0.01) higher incidence rate of fatal disease during
      the first week than did steer calves, indicating that a different pattern of
      fatal disease existed for the two sexes. Use of a second vaccination two weeks
      after arrival did little to decrease mortality risk.

PMID- 3370555
TI  - Pulmonary lesions induced by Pasteurella haemolytica in neutrophil sufficient and
      neutrophil deficient calves.
AB  - The role of neutrophils in the development of peracute lung lesions of bovine
      pneumonic pasteurellosis was investigated. Eight calves were divided into two
      groups of four calves each. Group I was treated with intravenous phosphate
      buffered saline and served as the neutrophil sufficient calves. Group II was
      treated with intravenous hydroxyurea which produced a state of neutropenia. When
      peripheral blood neutrophil numbers dropped below 300 cells/microL in group II,
      all calves were challenged with an intrabronchial bolus of Pasteurella
      haemolytica in the log phase of growth. An acute inflammatory process occurred in
      both groups of calves indicated by a rise in body temperature. While pulmonary
      lesions occurred in both groups by six hours postinoculation, they varied in
      pathological characteristics. Pulmonary lesions in the neutrophil sufficient
      calves consisted of fibrinopurulent alveolitis-bronchiolitis with associated
      alveolar septal necrosis, interlobular edema, and intravascular thrombi. The
      neutrophil deficient calves had extensive intra-alveolar edema, interlobular
      edema, intraalveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, and focal areas of alveolar septal
      necrosis. These results show that P. haemolytica can induce severe pulmonary
      tissue damage through both neutrophil dependent and neutrophil independent
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3370556
TI  - Seroprevalence and association with abortion of leptospirosis in cattle in
      Ontario.
AB  - Sera were collected using a systematic random sampling from 348 cattle herds in
      Ontario, in proportion to the cattle population in different areas. One cow in
      five from 296 dairy herds and one in three from 52 beef herds were sampled. The
      sera were analyzed for prevalence of antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar
      grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorhagiae and pomona using the microscopic
      agglutination test. Herd seroprevalence (one or more animals with titer greater
      than or equal to 80) in beef and dairy herds combined was grippotyphosa 2%,
      hardjo 13.8%, icterohaemorrhagiae 10.1% and pomona 25.8%; 39% of all herds showed
      evidence of leptospiral infection with one or more serovars; 44.2% of 52 beef
      herds had serological evidence of infection with serovar hardjo compared to 8.4%
      of 296 dairy herds (P less than 0.0001). Seroprevalence of other serovars was not
      significantly different between beef and dairy herds. The proportion of beef
      animals seropositive for hardjo and for pomona increased with age, particularly
      for hardjo; 26.5% of beef animals aged nine years or over were seropositive for
      hardjo. Dairy animals showed a significant rise of hardjo but not pomona titers
      with age. The seroprevalence of pomona infection was significantly higher in
      dairy cattle in eastern Ontario than in other regions. Thirty-four (6.1%) of 553
      aborted bovine fetuses had leptospires detected by immunofluorescence techniques.
      Sixty-five percent of these fetuses were from submissions made between November
      and January. Leptospires were identified as serovar hardjo by specific
      immunofluorescence. There appeared, however, to be a paradoxical serological
      response in that eight aborting cows had antibody titers to pomona rather than
      hardjo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370557
TI  - Fatal respiratory disease in Nilgiri tahr: possibly malignant catarrhal fever.
AB  - Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius) are native to India and are a rare zoo
      exhibit. This report describes an acute respiratory disease in tahr that caused
      the death of 15 of 16 animals in an extensive exhibit of about 35 acres where
      they were housed together with a variety of other exotic species of ruminants.
      The deaths occurred in two separate outbreaks and were associated with losses
      from malignant catarrhal fever in other ruminants in the exhibit. The most
      prominent clinical sign was severe dyspnea, and death occurred within five days.
      The principal lesions were an acute nonsuppurative inflammation of the
      respiratory tract and pulmonary vessels, lymphadenopathy and lymphoid cell
      infiltration in the organs of some animals. It was conjectured that the tahr died
      of a unique pneumonic form of malignant catarrhal fever. Attempts at viral
      isolation were negative.

PMID- 3370558
TI  - Detection of antibodies to mouse thymic virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay.
AB  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum antibodies to mouse
      thymic virus, a herpesvirus that causes thymic lesions and immunosuppression.
      Antibodies were detected in mice that had received single or multiple injections
      of the virus and were also found in mice housed in contact with the
      experimentally infected animals. By contrast, mice not exposed to mouse thymic
      virus or those inoculated with an uninfected thymus preparation remained
      seronegative. A serological survey of eight mouse colonies revealed one positive
      colony, confirmed by virus isolation. These results show that the test is
      sufficiently sensitive and specific to be used for routine screening of mice.

PMID- 3370560
TI  - Preparation, purification and characterization of bovine Peyer's patch
      leukocytes.
AB  - An enzymatic technique for isolating bovine Peyer's patch leukocytes was
      developed. Enzymatic dissociation of Peyer's patches yielded a cell population
      rich in T and B lymphocytes containing 6-10% adherent accessory cells, as defined
      by morphology and nonspecific esterase staining. Analysis of Peyer's patch
      lymphocytes, using sheep erythrocyte rosetting and immunofluorescence with
      conventional antisera and monoclonal antibodies, showed that leukocytes were
      approximately 45% T cells and 25% Ig-positive B cells. The cell population
      contained functionally active T and B lymphocytes which proliferated in response
      to T and B cell mitogens and to exogenous human recombinant interleukin-2. The
      observed differences in patterns of Peyer's patch leukocyte responsiveness to
      these mitogens suggest some cellular heterogeneity of the bovine Peyer's patch.

PMID- 3370559
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage of cranial and caudal lung regions in selected normal
      calves: cellular, microbiological, immunoglobulin, serological and histological
      variables.
AB  - Of a group of 30 clinically normal male Holstein calves two to eight weeks of
      age, six two week old and six four week old calves met various radiographical and
      clinicopathological criteria for normality. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed
      by fiberoptic bronchoscopy on cranial and caudal lung regions in all 30 calves
      and samples analyzed for free cells, microorganisms, and immunoglobulins. Lateral
      chest radiographs and lung biopsies were also conducted on each calf. Calves were
      euthanized and necropsied ten days after bronchoalveolar lavage was conducted.
      Reported in this paper are results from the 12 normal calves. Microorganisms were
      present in small numbers in the lower respiratory tract of some normal calves.
      There were no differences in the above parameters between cranial and caudal
      lobes. There were statistically significant changes in bronchoalveolar lavage
      cell proportions with age although there were no detectable differences in
      clinical signs. Four week old calves had a lower percentage of macrophages and a
      higher percentage of epithelial cells than two week old animals (p less than
      0.05). There was also a trend toward an increased percentage of neutrophils in
      older calves but this was not significant (p greater than 0.05). Total
      bronchoalveolar lavage protein also appeared to increase with age (p less than
      0.05). In both groups a higher proportion of IgG2 in bronchoalveolar lavage
      compared to serum was found, suggesting the presence of a local selective
      transfer mechanism into respiratory secretions.

PMID- 3370562
TI  - An assessment of condemnations of broiler chicken carcasses.
AB  - An epidemiological study was conducted to assess the rates of condemnation and
      the diagnoses made on condemned broiler chicken carcasses in a federally
      inspected abattoir. The first objective was to determine the predictive value of
      a positive test: the proportion of birds that were truly unfit for human
      consumption among condemned carcasses. The second objective was to assess the
      degree of agreement between diagnoses made in the abattoir and diagnoses
      determined by a detailed gross postmortem examination on the same condemned
      carcasses. A two-stage convenience sampling technique was used to obtain the
      birds needed. Fifteen lots of birds were selected and within each of these,
      approximately 45 condemned carcasses were selected for a total of 680. All the
      diagnoses made on these birds at the abattoir were recorded and the carcasses
      individually identified. The sampled carcasses were transported to the Ontario
      Veterinary College where a panel of three federal veterinarians independently
      judged whether the birds were fit for human consumption. In addition, a detailed
      gross postmortem examination was conducted on each carcass. An overall predictive
      value of a positive test of approximately 70% was found. The degree of agreement
      among members of the panel of examiners was also tested. The overall agreement
      was good (Kappa = 0.62 between examiners 1 and 2 and 0.51 between examiners 1 and
      3). However, carcasses condemned for specific conditions at the abattoir, namely
      valgus varus deformity, mutilation, cellulitis and hepatitis showed no agreement
      beyond chance, while other carcasses condemned for conditions such as cyanosis
      and bruising showed poor agreement concerning their disposition for at least one
      pair of examiners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370561
TI  - A survey of malformed aborted bovine fetuses, stillbirths and nonviable neonates
      for abnormal karyotypes.
AB  - Postmortem examinations were performed on 30 morphologically abnormal aborted
      bovine fetuses, stillbirths and nonviable neonates. Fibroblasts from the
      pericardium were cultured for chromosome analysis. Karyotypes were successfully
      completed on 18 animals, of which three were trisomic, one was mosaic monosomic
      and one was chimeric. All aneuploid calves had multisystemic anomalies. Using
      chromosomal banding techniques, the abnormal karyotypes were determined to be:
      61,XY,+27; 61,XX,+21; 61,XY,+?; 59,XY,-?/60,XY; and 60,XX/60,XY. Bacterial
      contamination or nonviability of tissues prevented the growth of fibroblasts in
      culture and cytogenetic analysis of the other 12 animals. It was estimated that
      2.0% of all late gestation abortuses and stillbirths may have chromosomal
      abnormalities characterized by aneuploidy. The findings of this study suggest
      chromosomal abnormalities characterized by aneuploidy are a significant cause of
      multisystemic anomalies in aborted bovine fetuses and nonviable neonates.

PMID- 3370563
TI  - Fertilization in vitro of bovine oocytes: analysis of some factors affecting the
      fertilization rates.
AB  - Ovarian follicles were aspirated from superovulated heifers at different periods
      from the beginning of standing heat. The follicular fluid of these follicles was
      analyzed for progesterone, estradiol, testosterone and androstenedione
      concentrations and compared to the maturation stages of the oocytes and their
      ability to undergo fertilization in vitro. The results obtained suggest that high
      concentrations of progesterone, testosterone and androstenedione compared to a
      lower concentration of estradiol correspond to a high proportion of M-II oocytes
      and a high in vitro fertilization rate.

PMID- 3370564
TI  - Adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida to porcine nasal
      and tracheal epithelial cells.
AB  - The ability of 19 different Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates and 25 Pasteurella
      multocida isolates to adhere in vitro to porcine nasal and tracheal epithelial
      cells was examined. It was found that B. bronchiseptica adhered well to upper
      respiratory tract cells. In contrast the number of P. multocida organisms which
      adhered was four to six times less than the number of B. bronchiseptica adherent
      organisms. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.0001).
      Both microorganisms adhered in greater numbers to nasal cells than to tracheal
      cells (p less than 0.005). The data indicated that B. bronchiseptica possesses a
      greater ability than P. multocida to attach to porcine upper respiratory tract
      cells.

PMID- 3370565
TI  - Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo
      isolated from cattle.
AB  - The susceptibility to commonly used drugs of 18 isolates of Leptospira hardjo
      from the kidneys of feedlot cattle from different sources was determined
      quantitatively. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin,
      tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin. Susceptibility to sulphamethazine
      was ambiguous. No drug resistance was detected and the results were similar to
      those described for other serovars.

PMID- 3370566
TI  - Humoral immunity in aged mice exposed to cadmium.
AB  - Twelve month old female BDF1 mice were exposed to cadmium chloride in the
      drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 micrograms/mL cadmium for
      26 days. The humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells, a T
      lymphocyte dependent response, was evaluated during the last five days of the
      exposure period. The antibody response was not suppressed by cadmium exposure (P
      = 0.661). Weight gains (P = 0.205) and water consumption (P = 0.378) during the
      exposure period were also unaffected. These results indicate that the
      immunosuppressive effects of cadmium which have been documented in younger, more
      immunologically competent mice were masked by the natural age-related
      immunosuppression that was observed in this study. Immunotoxicological
      investigations in aged animal models appear to be a poor indicator of immune
      dysfunction in the general population.

PMID- 3370567
TI  - Should doctors kill patients?

PMID- 3370568
TI  - The group-specific protein marker: a possible indicator of syphilis, not human
      immunodeficiency virus infection.
AB  - We wished to compare the frequency of group-specific (Gc) phenotypes in the
      general population with that in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infection to find out whether the Gc protein is a marker for susceptibility to
      HIV infection. We determined the phenotype frequency in 1083 randomly selected
      serum samples obtained from the Canadian Influenza Survey Studies and compared it
      with that in 263 serum samples obtained from the Federal Centre for AIDS and the
      Syphilis Serology Proficiency Testing Laboratory. No association between Gc
      phenotype and HIV status was found. However, there was a strong association
      between the Gc protein 1f/1f phenotype and syphilis.

PMID- 3370570
TI  - Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine.

PMID- 3370571
TI  - Canadian AIDS announcement gets lowest mark of any in study.

PMID- 3370569
TI  - Unusual clustering of diseases in a Canadian Old Colony (Chortitza) Mennonite
      kindred and community.
AB  - We investigated a large Old Colony (Chortitza) Mennonite kindred with branches
      across Canada. Six generations of the kindred were traced. There was
      intermarriage among numerous family members. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
      (IDDM) was identified in 10 members; all 7 living patients were found to carry
      the immunogenetic marker HLA-DR4. Nine other close relatives had disorders of
      carbohydrate metabolism, including gestational diabetes mellitus and non-insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus progressing to insulin use. Ten other relatives had
      autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism,
      hypothyroidism and multiple sclerosis. Cases of Alport's syndrome, congenital
      malformations, inborn errors of metabolism and unusual malignant diseases were
      also found in the kindred. In the small Alberta community in which the kindred
      was ascertained there were people of Old Colony Mennonite descent with genetic
      conditions such as Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and congenital malformations,
      including congenital heart disease. This kindred represents the largest reported
      familial aggregation of IDDM. This disease and other disorders of carbohydrate
      metabolism occur in the context of a strong familial predisposition to autoimmune
      disease. Study of this family may permit empiric testing of proposed models of
      inheritance of diseases of complex origin such as IDDM. We report this Old Colony
      (Chortitza) Mennonite community because it is one of the settlements populated by
      this religious and genetic isolate, which extends across Canada and Central and
      South America and affords opportunities for the study of both common and rare
      inherited diseases.

PMID- 3370572
TI  - Not enough being done to teach deaf people about AIDS: editorial.

PMID- 3370573
TI  - Health Protection Branch to keep closer eye on condom quality.

PMID- 3370574
TI  - New plant opens as demand for latex gloves burgeons.

PMID- 3370575
TI  - IPPNW congress will have ripple effect, organizer says. International Physicians
      for the Prevention of Nuclear War.

PMID- 3370576
TI  - MDs who love this planet will fight for disarmament: Caldicott.

PMID- 3370577
TI  - Caldicott's message: lost in the rubble of ideology.

PMID- 3370578
TI  - Is there a specialist in the house?

PMID- 3370579
TI  - Should nonionic radiographic contrast media be given to all patients?

PMID- 3370580
TI  - Individual rights and Bill C-51.

PMID- 3370581
TI  - Medical apartheid in Canada.

PMID- 3370582
TI  - "Servicing specks of pepper".

PMID- 3370583
TI  - Illicit pleasure.

PMID- 3370585
TI  - Imposing sanctions on smoking patients.

PMID- 3370584
TI  - Why quackery thrives.

PMID- 3370587
TI  - Abortion: is it time for doctors to get off the fence?

PMID- 3370588
TI  - The crisis at Baragwanath.

PMID- 3370586
TI  - AIDS and the OMA.

PMID- 3370589
TI  - Attacks at nursing homes.

PMID- 3370590
TI  - Pooled platelet concentrate.

PMID- 3370591
TI  - Migraine.

PMID- 3370592
TI  - Binding of bismuth to cell components: clue to mode of action and side effects.

PMID- 3370593
TI  - Recommendations on self-measurement of blood pressure. Canadian Coalition for
      High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control.

PMID- 3370594
TI  - Survival rates among patients with cancer in Alberta in 1974-78.
AB  - We calculated 5-year crude and relative survival rates, by age and sex, for
      patients in Alberta in whom cancer was diagnosed between 1974 and 1978. Cancers
      with low overall 5-year relative survival rates (less than 35%) included stomach
      cancer, cancer of the pancreas, lung cancer, brain cancer, multiple myeloma and
      myeloid leukemia. Cancers with high overall 5-year relative survival rates (more
      than 70%) included melanoma, breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the
      bladder and Hodgkin's disease. Five-year relative survival rates were generally
      lower in the highest age group (75 years or more). A strong inverse relation
      between age and survival was noted for brain cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
      Hodgkin's disease and myeloid leukemia.

PMID- 3370595
TI  - Bigeminal arrhythmia associated with hyperparathyroid crisis.

PMID- 3370596
TI  - Armed forces unveils AIDS policy.

PMID- 3370597
TI  - If you get sick in US, your bank account better be healthy.

PMID- 3370598
TI  - MDs, lawyers must collaborate on ethical issues: Chief Justice.

PMID- 3370599
TI  - American Cancer Society Workshop on the Community and Cancer Prevention and
      Detection. San Antonio, Texas, December 10-12, 1986. Proceedings.

PMID- 3370600
TI  - Barriers and incentives for primary care physicians in cancer prevention and
      detection.
AB  - The American Cancer Society estimates that nearly a million new cases of cancer
      will occur and that approximately a half million lives will be lost in 1987.
      These figures may double by the year 2000 primarily because of our aging
      population, with age being the leading risk factor for cancer. It is believed
      that the majority of cancer can either be prevented or treated successfully if it
      is diagnosed early. Primary care physicians and other health professionals
      delivering information on prevention and performing early diagnostic studies in
      various ambulatory settings represent the key to the reduced morbidity and
      mortality of cancer by virtue of their position in the health care delivery
      system within communities. Barriers and incentives for delivering these all
      important health measures are examined and suggestions are made for their
      accomplishment. It is recommended that the primary thrust should be toward the
      development of methodology which will allow the primary care physician to
      institute these measures in his regular medical practice and to coordinate them
      with other health maintenance and early diagnostic activities in the ambulatory
      setting.

PMID- 3370601
TI  - American Cancer Society Workshop on the Community and Cancer Prevention and
      Detection. Issues, recommendations, and solutions. Discussion group reports.

PMID- 3370602
TI  - Teamwork in the Dominican Republic.

PMID- 3370604
TI  - Job satisfaction for nursing faculty.

PMID- 3370603
TI  - Hip fractures in the elderly.

PMID- 3370605
TI  - Managing facial burns.

PMID- 3370606
TI  - Care of the terminally ill includes the family.

PMID- 3370607
TI  - [Handwashing].

PMID- 3370608
TI  - [AIDS: this virus is ours. Interview by Gertrude Pelletier].

PMID- 3370610
TI  - The prostate in pregnant and non-pregnant Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis at the
      subcellular level.
AB  - The prostate of the pregnant Praomys appears more active than that of the non
      pregnant Praomys. At the light microscopic level, the most obvious features are
      heightening of secretory cells and increased secretory product in acinar lumina.
      Apparent at the electron microscopic level are an increase and dilation of the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous scattered secretion granules, and a dilated
      Golgi apparatus. Therefore, stimulation of the gland is evident upon cytological
      evaluation and this increased activity may be due to the direct or indirect
      effects of androgenic stimulation.

PMID- 3370609
TI  - Induction of gap junctions and brain endothelium-like tight junctions in cultured
      bovine endothelial cells: local control of cell specialization.
AB  - The final development of specializations by brain capillary endothelial cells,
      which characterize them as distinct from non-central nervous system (CNS)
      endothelium, is thought to be controlled by astrocyte-derived factors produced
      locally within the CNS. One specialization, the complex intercellular tight
      junction, which is unique to these cells and a major component of the blood-brain
      barrier, is controlled by an astrocyte-derived factor(s) and a "competent'
      extracellular matrix (Arthur et al., 1987). In order to test whether these
      factors can also trigger development of brain endothelium-like tight junctions in
      non-CNS microvessel endothelial cells, passaged bovine aorta and pulmonary artery
      endothelial cells were cultured in either 50% astrocyte-conditioned medium and
      50% alpha-MEM, or in alpha-MEM alone (control). Only endothelial cells maintained
      in conditioned medium exhibited ultrastructural features indicative of synthesis
      and plasma membrane-insertion of junction components (Shivers et al., 1985). No
      assembled tight junctions were seen in these cells. Endothelial cells plated onto
      coverslips coated with ECM (Cedarlane Labs., Hornby, Ont.) and maintained in
      astrocyte-conditioned medium, displayed large, complex tight junctions and
      extraordinarily large gap junctions. Cells plated onto plastic or fibronectin
      coated substrates possessed no tight or gap junctions. Results of this study show
      that CNS astrocytes produce a soluble factor(s) that promotes synthesis and
      insertion of tight junction components in non-CNS endothelial cells. Moreover, an
      intact, endothelial-derived extracellular matrix is required for assembly of
      tight junctions to complete development of this brain capillary-like
      specialization. This study confirms the notions that: a) the final fine-tuning of
      cell differentiation is under local control, and b) that endothelial cells in
      general do not express their final destination-specific differentiated features
      until those features are induced by local environment-produced conditions.

PMID- 3370611
TI  - Lysosomal abnormalities in the pyramidal cells of the rat medial prefrontal
      cortex after chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal.
AB  - Previous investigations have demonstrated that prolonged alcohol consumption
      induces alterations of the neuronal lysosomal system in the cerebellum and
      hippocampus. To assess the effects of chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal
      in the adult rat prefrontal cortex, we studied the pyramidal cells in the
      prelimbic area taking into particular account their lysosomal components. Alcohol
      fed groups for 6, 12 and 18 months, respective age-matched pair-fed controls, and
      a 6-month recovery group after 12 months of alcohol consumption were used. No
      quantitative changes of primary lysosomes were depicted. Transitional forms of
      these organelles towards lipofuscin granules were more numerous among alcohol-fed
      and recovery animals. A precocious and progressive accumulation of lipofuscin
      granules occurred in greater amounts in alcohol-fed animals, increasing with the
      age and remaining after 6-months of withdrawal. Multivesicular bodies increased
      in alcohol-fed and recovery animals, displaying an inverse progression relative
      to the lipofuscin deposition. These results show that chronic alcohol consumption
      and withdrawal enhance the dynamic potentialities of the cell lysosomal system.

PMID- 3370612
TI  - Acrosome formation during spermiogenesis in Notonecta glauca L. (Heteroptera).
AB  - The giant spermatozoon of Notonecta glauca has a 1 mm long acrosome. It has the
      shape of a stiff needle with round cross section and contains several different
      components. Morphogenesis of this simple form proceeds by very complex changes of
      both the internal structure and the outer shape. Surrounded by a great number of
      individual dictyosomes the acrosome is attached to the anterior nuclear pole
      where it grows to a sphere measuring about 20 microns in diameter. In its
      interior differentiations consisting of several components become visible which
      develop independently and may be characterized as basal and lateral complexes. At
      the end of the growing phase these two complexes come in contact with each other.
      After the dictyosomes have detached from the acrosome, the cell membrane
      surrounds the acrosome very closely so that cytoplasmic structures temporarily
      disappear completely from the narrow space in between. The tip of the acrosome
      grows out of the sphere as a slender lateral process which becomes increasingly
      spiralized. It shows a deep lateral groove, its contents consist of components of
      the basal complex. Parts of the lateral complex form a baso-lateral protuberance.
      Between these two structures a narrow channel extends from the subacrosomal space
      to the base of the lateral process. During elongation the acrosome attains
      spindle shape, the lateral process gradually becoming its anterior part. The
      distance between acrosome and cell membrane broadens again and cytoplasmic
      structures reappear among them about 1000 microtubules which are not surrounded
      by a sleeve membrane. In the posterior part cell membrane and acrosomal membrane
      are connected by two lines of weld spots where acrosomal membrane is eliminated
      as small vesicles. In the anterior part the groove becomes deeper. One leg of its
      initially U-shaped cross section becomes longer and is wrapped around the shorter
      one. The two legs subsequently fuse with the consequence that membrane and
      cytoplasmic components of the former groove become secondarily incorporated into
      the acrosome. The subacrosomal channel obliterates and the cross section of the
      acrosome showing acute angles in later stages finally gets round. Anterior and
      posterior part of the acrosome can be differentiated due to structural details
      even in the mature sperm.

PMID- 3370613
TI  - A granular cell in the proximal intercalated duct of human parotid and
      submandibular glands.
AB  - In human parotid and submandibular gland unusual granulated cells are observed at
      the acinar-intercalated duct junction. These cells, which show a well developed
      Golgi apparatus, greatly differ from the typical elements of the intercalated
      ducts mainly due to the presence of abundant secretory granules of unknown
      nature. A complex substructure distinguishes these granules from those of
      conventional ductal cells and from those of acinar cells as well. In addition,
      some differences exist in the morphology of the granules observed in parotid with
      respect to those of submandibular gland.

PMID- 3370614
TI  - Pulmonary elastic fiber degradation in paraquat toxicity. An electron microscopic
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - To study the morphologic alterations of pulmonary elastic fibers in cynomolgus
      monkeys with paraquat toxicity, peroxidase- and ferritin-labeled antielastin
      antibodies were used for the light and electron microscopic localization of
      elastin. One week after paraquat, alveolitis, tissue damage and alveolar
      dilatation were present; elastic fibers were frayed and more diffusely and
      intensely stained than those of control animals. In the latter, staining was
      localized in peripheral regions of the amorphous components and, to a lesser
      extent, in some microfibrils of elastic fibers. At 3 to 4 weeks, diffuse staining
      was evident in damaged interstitial elastic fibers and in newly formed elastic
      fibers in areas of intraalveolar fibrosis. At 8 weeks, the interstitium contained
      many elastic fibers which showed staining only in peripheral regions of the
      amorphous components. These observations suggest that: 1) preembedding
      immunohistochemical staining for elastin is localized in peripheral regions of
      normal elastic fibers because the antielastin antibody can penetrate into mature
      and undamaged amorphous components only to a very limited extent; 2) in early
      stages of paraquat toxicity this staining is more diffuse and intense because
      elastase from inflammatory cells partially degrades the elastic fibers and
      permits greater penetration of the antibody into the amorphous materials; 3) in
      later stages the staining pattern returns to normal as inflammation subsides and
      elastic fibers are repaired; however, newly formed elastic fibers in areas of
      intraalveolar fibrosis stain diffusely, reflecting increased penetration of the
      antibody because of immaturity and incomplete cross-linking, and 4) degeneration
      of elastic fibers of alveolar walls in paraquat lung may lead to alveolar
      dilatation, which is associated with irregular fibrosis and constitutes one of
      the processes of pulmonary structural remodeling in paraquat lung.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370615
TI  - Sense receptors with electron-dense supporting structures, and centrioles in the
      nerve fibres of Gieysztoria and Rhinolasius (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela).
AB  - The ultrastructure of two types of sense receptors each is described for
      Gieysztoria and Rhinolasius. In Gieysztoria, one receptor possesses a number of
      long microvilli, a cilium with a cross-striated rootlet, a septate desmosome, and
      an electron-dense band apical to the desmosome. The band forms a complex
      reticulate extension into the base of the receptor. The second receptor is
      without microvilli, has a cilium with a long cross-striated rootlet, and a
      septate desmosome with a short basal electron-dense extension or extensions which
      do not form a complete ring. In Rhinolasius, one receptor possesses a short
      bulbous cilium without a rootlet, with a septate desmosome of the pleated sheet
      (comb) type and a weakly developed electron-dense band beneath it. The second
      receptor has a long cilium with cross-striated rootlet, and a septate desmosome
      with a weakly developed electron-dense band apical to it. Centrioles were found
      in nerve fibres of both species.

PMID- 3370616
TI  - The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon in Pisione remota (Annelida: Polychaeta)
      and its transformation in the receptaculum seminis.
AB  - The spermatozoon of Pisione remota and its transformation after transmission into
      the female are unique within Polychaeta. Most prominent organelles of the rod
      shaped aflagellate gamete in the male are an elongate nucleus formed like a
      canoe, a parallel arranged vacuole-like structure with a peripheral network of
      cisternae, and mitochondria and lamellar bodies on both ends of the cell. In the
      female the vacuole-like structure detaches from the nucleus and is obviously
      phagocytosed by a receptacle cell. The nucleus is largely expanded. The
      cytoplasmic sheath of the sperm differentiates to form a system of pseudopod-like
      projections that envelop the apical projections of the receptacle cells. The
      structures and their transformations are considered to be related to a long-term
      storage of the sperm in the female.

PMID- 3370617
TI  - Development of villous damage in mouse small intestine after local hyperthermia
      or irradiation.
AB  - Damage to mouse small intestine has been assessed in the period up to twenty-four
      hours after heating a portion of the gut for 20 min at 43 degrees C and also in
      the period up to nine days after 10 Gy/whole body X-irradiation. The surface
      changes and the light microscopic appearances after the two types of treatment
      were described. The damage was evaluated using scores produced by assessing
      villous collapse as seen with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Maximum
      damage was seen two hours after hyperthermia and was more pronounced in
      antimesenteric portions of the same specimen. Maximum damage was observed three
      days after X-irradiation. Despite the difference in the time scale and severity
      of development of surface changes after the two types of treatment, the structure
      of the damaged and recovering villi looked similar, except for the apical
      extrusion of the enterocytes immediately following the heat treatment.

PMID- 3370619
TI  - Epithelial morphology of duodenal bulb and Campylobacter-like organisms.
AB  - We have carried out ultramicroscopical investigations on 30 patients with
      endoscopical aspects of congestive or erosive duodenitis associated or not with
      bulbar ulcer in relation to the presence of Campylobacter-like organisms (CLO),
      considered as a possible etiologic agent of peptic disease. Bacteria were found
      in all of the 14 patients with duodenal ulcer and in only five patients without
      ulcer. The ultrastructural studies provided elements for the evaluation of
      epithelial colonization of the duodenal bulb by CLO and which may lead to a new
      interpretation of gastric metaplasia.

PMID- 3370618
TI  - Freeze-fracture study of intercellular junctions in benign and malignant
      mesothelial cells in effusions and a comparison with those seen in pleural
      mesotheliomas (solid tumour).
AB  - This study involves an analysis by thin section and freeze-fracture techniques of
      the intercellular junctions of exfoliated benign and malignant mesothelial cells
      obtained from 4 cases, two benign and two malignant effusions. Pleural biopsies
      (solid tumours) of two further cases of confirmed epithelial malignant
      mesotheliomas were also studied to compare the organization, distribution and
      characteristics of the tight junctions, gap junctions and desmosomes observed
      between the three groups of cases. The results showed that both tight and gap
      junctions varied greatly in their organization in the exfoliated benign and
      malignant mesothelial cells. However they were often large and very well
      developed. In contrast, the tight and gap junctions in the solid tumours were
      considerably reduced both in their size and frequency, a feature which is well
      recognized in the literature as consistent with the neoplastic process. Our
      observation of florid tight and gap junctions in the exfoliated benign and
      malignant mesothelial cells, raises some important aspects of behaviour of
      neoplastic cells in effusion fluid. It is our opinion that cells in the fluid are
      exposed to microenvironmental influences which are quite distinct from those in a
      'solid' tumour. We suggest that alteration in the binding sites of the
      extracellular matrix molecules, their influence on the cytoskeleton and the
      consequent effect on the development of tight and gap junctions are important
      factors which need further elucidation. The most significant feature of this
      study is however the demonstration of essential differences in the cell
      junctional characteristics between neoplastic mesothelial cells in body cavity
      fluids and those in tissues thus emphasizing the importance of environmental
      influences in the development of a neoplasm and its spread.

PMID- 3370620
TI  - A light and electron microscopic study of the epithelium of the extrapulmonary
      airways of Mauremys caspica and Lacerta lepida (Reptilia).
AB  - The epithelium of the extrapulmonary airways of a Chelonia (Mauremys caspica) and
      a Squamata (Lacerta lepida) was investigated by means of conventional light and
      transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histochemistry
      and immunocytochemistry. The epithelium of Mauremys caspica is composed of basal,
      ciliated, endocrine and mucous cells. Serotonin-immunoreactivity was detected in
      the endocrine cells. Mucous cells were found to contain either sialo-mucins or
      both sialo- and sulphomucins. The extrapulmonary airways of Lacerta lepida were
      lined by an epithelium composed of basal, ciliated and secretory cells. No
      endocrine cells were detected. Secretory cells showed a different morphology to
      that observed in the mucous cells of Mauremys caspica suggesting a possible
      serous role for these cells. Migratory cells (plasma and mast cells, leucocytes
      and macrophages) and small intraepithelial nerves were also detected within the
      epithelium of both species. The present results show that marked morphological
      differences occur between the epithelia of the extrapulmonary airways of reptiles
      belonging to the genus Chelonia and Squamata.

PMID- 3370621
TI  - Ultrastructural correlates of inner ear sensory cell shortening.
AB  - Ultrastructural analysis was performed on isolated outer hair cells of the inner
      ear, to further investigate the mechanisms involved in cell shortening. Hair
      cells were fixed either in their presumed normal, 'relaxed', state or after
      application of solutions containing high concentrations of potassium to induce
      shortening, or 'contraction'. Ultrastructural analysis showed that shortened
      outer hair cells had a more undulated, or wavy, cell membrane as compared to
      normal cells. Outer hair cell shortening was not accompanied by the formation of
      vacuoles in the cytoplasm or appreciable swelling of the subsurface cisternae.
      The results further support the idea that a contractile apparatus associated with
      the lateral wall could be responsible for outer hair cell motility, and that the
      mechanism resembles that involved in smooth muscle contraction.

PMID- 3370622
TI  - Cis DDP in combination with selenium and sulfur. Subcellular effect in kidney
      cells. Electron microprobe study.
AB  - Cis DDP is an anticancer agent used in the treatment of diverse cancers, but its
      use has been limited by its nephrotoxic effect. We sought to modify this major
      toxic side effect by the addition of S2O3-- (sodium thiosulfate) or SeO2
      (selenium dioxide) or both. In the present study, only ultrastructural and X-ray
      microanalysis data are reported. No kidney lesions were observed after the
      administration of SeO2 and Cis DDP in contrast to Cis DDP with S2O3-- or with
      S2O3-- plus selenium. An organelle of the kidney cell, the lysosome, has a
      particular role in the concentration of mineral elements in this cell. Platinum
      was observed in the lysosome along with sulfur, after the administration of Cis
      DDP and S2O3. Platinum, selenium and sulfur were observed after administration of
      SeO2, S2O3 and Cis DDP. No mineral deposits were observed after administration of
      SeO2 and Cis DDP. The role of sulfur seems to be very different from that of
      selenium. We hypothesize that sulfur favors the intralysosomal concentration of
      platinum or that selenium associates with platinum. The fact that selenium is not
      reabsorbed by the kidney cell seems to favor the hypothesis of urinary
      elimination of platinum. The present work confirms our previous study concerning
      the role of SeO2 in combination with Cis DDP.

PMID- 3370623
TI  - Nucleolar changes induced by isoproterenol in mouse acinar parotid cells.
AB  - This paper deals with the analysis of the nucleolar morphology and distribution
      of the nucleolar component (i.e. fibrils and granules) in normal and
      isoproterenol-treated parotid acinar cells of mice. Normally nucleoli present
      both components intermingled, but at 2 h treatment a considerable decrease of the
      fibrillar area is detected by a silver staining method. Normal nucleolar
      characteristics are recovered after eight hours treatment. In hypertrophic cells
      nucleolar size is considerably increased, but the ratio total nucleolar
      area/fibrillar area is similar to control cells as shown by a stereometrical
      computerized analysis. Rounded nucleolar bodies occur in these nuclei which do
      not seem to be dependent on the modifications induced by the drug.

PMID- 3370624
TI  - Freeze-fracture and cytochemistry study of the interaction between Leishmania
      mexicana amazonensis and macrophages.
AB  - The process of interaction between macrophages and promastigote and amastigote
      forms of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was analyzed using freeze fracture and
      cytochemistry. The promastigotes inside endocytic vacuoles of macrophages
      presented an altered distribution of intramembranous particles and a wavy aspect
      of the plasma membrane. However, amastigotes did not show such alterations. The
      membrane alterations are probably caused by intracellular cell lysis of the
      promastigotes by the macrophages. An accumulation of intramembranous particles
      was seen in the plasma membrane of amastigote forms in the area of adhesion to
      the macrophages. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane had intramembranous
      particles randomly distributed. The enzyme activity of Mg++-ATPase, 5'
      nucleotidase and NAD(P)H-oxidase was cytochemically detected, at the
      ultrastructural level, in normal mouse peritoneal macrophages and in macrophages
      infected with Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Mg++-ATPase and 5'-nucleotidase
      are uniformly distributed throughout the macrophage's plasma membrane but were
      not detected in the membrane lining endocytic vacuoles containing ingested
      parasites (parasitophorous vacuole). NAD(P)H-oxidase activity was seen in those
      portions of the macrophage's plasma membrane which enter in direct contact with
      parasites and also in association with the membrane of the parasitophorous
      vacuole. The amount of reaction product, indicative of NAD(P)H-oxidase activity,
      was larger in macrophages which interacted with the promastigote than in those
      which interacted with the amastigote form of L. mexicana amazonensis.
      Concanavalin A binding sites and anionic sites of the macrophage's surface,
      labeled before the interaction, are not interiorized together with the parasites,
      however, are observed in endocytic vacuoles which do not contain parasites.

PMID- 3370625
TI  - Implications for the formation of abasic sites following modification of
      polydeoxycytidylic acid by acrolein in vitro.
AB  - Polydeoxycytidylic acid (poly dC) was incubated with excess acrolein. A Nensorb
      20 nucleic acid purification cartridge was used to bind the polymeric material in
      the poly dC/acrolein reaction mixture. The non-polymeric material eluted from
      this column had a UV absorbance four times higher than that of the control. The
      fluorescence spectrum of the eluted material did not correspond to that of
      unmodified cytosine. Separate aliquots of the reaction mixture were digested to
      deoxynucleotide 3'-monophosphates by incubation with micrococcal nuclease and
      spleen phosphodiesterase. The products were converted to 32P-labeled
      deoxynucleotide 3',5'-bisphosphates by incubation with T4 polynucleotide kinase
      and excess [gamma-32P]ATP. The 3'-monophosphate was selectively removed by
      incubation with nuclease P1. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on
      polyethyleneimine cellulose (PEI)-cellulose and detection of 32P-labeled
      deoxynucleotide 5'-monophosphates by autoradiography failed to provide evidence
      for the formation of an acrolein adduct of deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate. When
      acrolein-modified deoxycytidine 3'-monophosphate was 32P post-labeled, a new
      product, which co-chromatographed with UV markers synthesized by reaction of
      acrolein with deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate, was detected. These data show that
      acrolein-modified deoxycytidine 3'-monophosphates are substrates for 32P labeling
      by T4 polynucleotide kinase and are stable under the assay conditions employed.
      The inability to detect the acrolein-modified nucleotides after reaction with
      poly dC in vitro suggests that the modified bases are lost from poly dC by
      cleavage of the N-glycosyl bond resulting in the formation of an abasic site.

PMID- 3370627
TI  - Mechanism of the localization of manganese (III) mesotetra(4
      sulfonatophenyl)porphine in mice bearing L1210 tumors.
AB  - In accordance with earlier work the manganese (III) derivative of meso-tetra(4
      sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4) is found to accumulate in the tumors of L1210
      bearing mice. The tumor/liver ratio of porphyrin extends from 1.5 to 3.6 over a
      range of dose and time periods. The subcellular distribution of porphyrin in
      L1210 tumor and liver, and the tissue distribution (cellular, stroma, soluble) in
      L1210 tumor indicates that the porphyrin tends to be located predominantly in
      soluble and stromal fractions. These data are interpreted in terms of the
      physiology and composition of neoplastic tissue to formalize a mechanism for the
      localization of Mn(III)TPPS4 in L1210 tumor and a general working hypothesis for
      the localization of porphyrins in neoplastic tissue. The in vivo stability of
      Mn(III)TPPS4 is also addressed and is found to be demetallated to a degree of
      approximately 1% in liver and kidney.

PMID- 3370626
TI  - Activity of the anorectic agent 1,3-bis[2-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)
      phenyl]triazene in in vitro and in vivo liver promoting assays.
AB  - A substituted 1,3-diaryltriazene, 1,3-bis[2-cyano-5
      (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]triazene (BPT), was studied for promoting activity in
      vitro and in vivo. BPT inhibited intercellular molecular exchange between
      cultured hepatocytes and rat liver epithelial cells, although the effect was not
      consistent. For the in vivo assay, male F344 rats were first exposed to N-2
      fluorenylacetamide (FAA) for 8 weeks to induce liver altered foci, after which
      those maintained on control diet for an additional 12 weeks developed a 33%
      incidence of liver neoplasms. In rats given 0.02% BPT in the diet as a second
      exposure, the final incidence of liver neoplasms was 92%, which was comparable to
      the enhancement by phenobarbital (PB), a known liver neoplasm promoter. In the
      rats given BPT after FAA, the area occupied by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)
      positive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions was significantly higher than in
      the rats exposed to FAA only. Feeding of BPT alone for 12 weeks did not induce
      either liver altered foci or neoplasms and it was non-genotoxic in the hepatocyte
      DNA repair test. Therefore, although additional studies are needed to firmly
      establish the basis for the enhancement of liver carcinogenesis, BPT is suggested
      to be a new type of liver neoplasm promoter.

PMID- 3370628
TI  - In situ nick translation method reveals DNA strand scission in HeLa cells
      following heat treatment.
AB  - DNA strand break in HeLa cells induced by heat was detected using the in situ
      nick translation method. The cells were incubated at 43 degrees C for various
      times (15, 30, 45, 60, 90 or 120 min) in Lab-Tek tissue culture chamber/slides
      and were fixed with ethanol/acetic acid on the slide glass. The break sites in
      DNA were translated artificially in the presence of Escherichia coli DNA
      polymerase I and 3H-labeled dTTP. The level of break sites in the DNA was
      visualized by autoradiographic observation of the grains. The DNA strand break
      appeared as early as 15 min, increased to 10.3-fold at 45 min of 43 degrees C
      treatment and this level related reciprocally to clonogenicity of the cell. The
      nick translation method thus provides a rapid in situ assay for determining heat
      induced DNA damage of cultured cells, in a semi-quantitative manner.

PMID- 3370629
TI  - Cisplatin and nifedipine: synergistic antitumor effects against an inherently
      cisplatin-resistant tumor.
AB  - Resistance to cisplatin is a relative term and is at least partially attributable
      to its narrow therapeutic index. It is often not possible to successfully treat
      tumors exhibiting even a small inherent resistance to cisplatin by increasing the
      dose level of cisplatin, because such therapies may be fatally toxic to a
      patient. Thus, combination therapy with an agent which enhances cisplatin's
      antitumor effects with little or no enhancement of cisplatin's toxicities, may be
      of value in the treatment of human tumors which fail to respond to treatment with
      cisplatin alone. We recently reported that nifedipine, a dihydropyridine class
      calcium channel blocker, enhances the antitumor actions of cisplatin against a
      cisplatin-sensitive murine amelanotic melanoma. We now report that nifedipine
      enhances cisplatin's antitumor effects against a murine carcinoma (Lewis lung
      carcinoma) that is inherently resistant to cisplatin.

PMID- 3370630
TI  - Glutathione and GSH-dependent enzymes in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat.
AB  - The mucosal glutathione content of the gastrointestinal wall amounted to 50-60%
      of its concentration in the liver. GSH S-aryltransferase activity (CDNB) was very
      low in the glandular stomach, colon and rectum amounting to only 5% of liver
      enzyme activity. There was a marked postpyloric increase in GSH S-aryltransferase
      activity with an oral-aboral decline along the small intestine. GSH peroxidase
      was much lower in the mucosa of the small and large intestine as compared to the
      stomach or liver, whereas GSSG reductase was more than twice as high in the
      gastrointestinal mucosa as compared to the liver showing a gradual increase in
      activity from proximal to distal segments. The low GSH S-transferase activities
      found in the stomach, colon and rectum may account for the high and exclusive
      susceptibility of these segments to carcinogenesis and the deficient inducibility
      of these enzymes in the gastrointestinal wall may reflect an insufficient
      adaption towards higher exposure to toxic or even carcinogenic xenobiotics.

PMID- 3370631
TI  - Influence of host age on lung colony forming capacity of injected rat
      rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
AB  - Intravenous administration of RA-2 transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma cells produces
      development of metastatic tumour cell colonies in the lungs of host rats. After
      administration of 2 X 10(3), 5 X 10(3) or 10 X 10(3) RA-2 cells, different
      patterns of dependence of the number of metastatic clones in the lungs on
      injected cell number have been observed. The numbers of tumour cell colonies were
      shown to be highest in immature (1-month-old) and old (15-month-old) female rats
      compared to middle-age groups (3- and 12-month-old). A similar age-related
      pattern was observed in male rats. Analysis of the results obtained has revealed
      positive correlation between tumour cell colony numbers and both somatomedin
      activity and proliferation rate of neoplastic tissue.

PMID- 3370632
TI  - Response of oral leukoplakias to the administration of vitamin A.
AB  - Tobacco/betel nut chewers (Kerala, India) with well-developed oral leukoplakias
      were chosen for a short-term intervention trial of vitamin A therapy.
      Participants were randomly distributed into two groups, one receiving 200,000 IU
      vitamin A per week (0.14 mg/kg body wt/per day) for 6 months, and the other
      receiving placebo capsules. Their cancer-causing habit, which can be quantitated
      (an average of 13.1 betel quids/day, 26.1 min/quid), did not change during the
      trial period. The 6-month oral administration of vitamin A caused complete
      remission in 57.1% of participants, and a total suppression of the development of
      new leukoplakias in all chewers receiving vitamin A (n = 21), as compared to 3%
      and 21%, respectively, in the placebo group (n = 33). The results were
      substantiated by examining the histological and cytological changes on small
      biopsies which were taken at the onset and at the completion of the trial period.
      Over the 6-month period of vitamin A administration, the number of layers of
      spinous cells decreased in 85% of the participants, the loss of polarity of basal
      cells was reduced from 72.2% to 22.2% of chewers, subepidermal lymphocytic
      infiltration was greatly diminished from 66.7% to 5.5% of chewers, and nuclei
      with condensed chromatin disappeared from the epidermal layer (72.2% before to 0%
      at the end of the trial).

PMID- 3370633
TI  - The analysis of malignancy by cell fusion: the position in 1988.

PMID- 3370635
TI  - Detection and identification of activated oncogenes in human skin cancers
      occurring on sun-exposed body sites.
AB  - High-molecular-weight DNA isolated from eight fresh human skin cancers occurring
      on sun-exposed body sites were assayed for their ability to transform NIH 3T3
      cells. A cotransfection protocol using pSV2-neo DNA, which confers resistance to
      the antibiotic G418, was used to select cells that had taken up the transfected
      DNA. About 2 weeks after transfection, G418-resistant colonies were pooled and
      injected s.c. into athymic nude mice. The NIH 3T3 cells transfected with DNA from
      six of the human skin cancers induced tumors in nude mice. DNAs from all six
      tumor cell lines contained human alu sequences. Southern blot hybridization with
      ras-specific probes revealed that DNAs from the four alu-rich tumors contained
      the human Ha-ras oncogene, in addition to that of the NIH 3T3 controls. In
      contrast, DNAs from the other two tumors did not contain any of the known
      oncogenes tested, except those endogenous to NIH 3T3 cells. DNAs from three of
      four first cycle tumorigenic transformants gave rise to morphologically
      transformed foci when assayed in a second cycle of transfection. DNAs from all
      three secondary transformants contained discrete human alu sequences, and in
      addition, contained Ha-ras sequences similar to those present in their respective
      primary transformants. Interestingly, DNA from both primary and secondary
      transformants of one particular human squamous cell carcinoma contained highly
      amplified copies of the Ha-ras oncogene. These results suggest that activation of
      the Ha-ras oncogene may be common in human skin cancers originating on sun
      exposed body sites. Further characterization of the Ha-ras oncogenes present in
      these human skin cancers may provide information on the molecular mechanisms by
      which UV radiation of the sun induces human neoplasms on exposed body sites.

PMID- 3370634
TI  - Inhibition by dietary ethanol of experimental colonic carcinogenesis induced by
      high-dose azoxymethane in F344 rats.
AB  - Epidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of
      alcoholic beverages and increased occurrence of large bowel carcinoma, but
      studies in experimental models of colonic carcinogenesis have produced
      conflicting results. We assessed the effects of chronic dietary ethanol
      consumption during the preinduction and induction phase (period of
      acclimatization and carcinogen administration) in a high-dose azoxymethane
      treated rat model (14 mg/kg/wk for 10 wk). Ten-wk-old male Fischer 344 rats were
      given 33% of calories as ethanol or no ethanol (controls). Pair-feeding with
      Lieber-DeCarli-type liquid diets provided comparable total carbohydrates,
      proteins, fats, and calories. After 3 wk of dietary acclimatization, injections
      of azoxymethane (AOM) were given s.c. to all rats in Wk 1 to 10. At necropsy in
      Wk 25, dramatic suppression of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis was evident in the
      ethanol-fed group: the prevalence of colonic tumors was 5% as compared with 91%
      in controls; and the prevalence of small bowel tumors was 0% versus 74% (P less
      than 0.0001). In an analogous study of [14C]AOM metabolism, exhaled 14CO2 was
      decreased in the ethanol-fed rats, indicating suppression of AOM metabolism.
      Similarly, in the ethanol-fed rats the levels of the DNA adducts O6-methylguanine
      and 7-methylguanine 24 h after AOM injection were reduced in the colonic mucosa
      to 14 +/- 7% and 61 +/- 11% of controls and in the liver to 80 +/- 9% and 86 +/-
      6 of controls. By contrast, rats changed from the ethanol diet to no-ethanol diet
      for 12 h prior to the dose of [14C]AOM metabolized the carcinogen at a faster
      rate than controls, indicating loss of suppression with cessation of ethanol
      intake along with induction of metabolizing enzymes; DNA adduct levels were
      reduced in the colonic mucosa to 90 +/- 13% and 76 +/- 9% of controls and in the
      liver to 81 +/- 6% and 85 +/- 3% of controls. Our findings indicate that dietary
      ethanol during the preinduction and induction phase of the AOM model dramatically
      inhibits tumorigenesis, even with high dosage of carcinogen, and suggest that:
      (a) inhibition of tumorigenesis may result from suppression of metabolic
      activation of AOM and the consequent reduced formation of DNA adducts during the
      induction (initiation) phase of the model; (b) these anti-initiation effects of
      ethanol are unrelated to the epidemiological association between consumption of
      alcoholic beverages and large bowel cancer; and (c) mechanisms of action of
      agents found to modulate carcinogenesis in experimental models should be
      determined before the results can be generalized to human beings.

PMID- 3370636
TI  - Metabolism of the Z and E isomers of N-nitroso-N-methyl-(2-oxopropyl)amine by rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - The metabolism of N-nitroso-N-methyl-N-(2-oxopropyl)amine was examined using
      freshly isolated hepatocytes from Fischer 344 rats. As determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography, it was found that the E isomer was
      preferentially metabolized when the parent mixture was used. When the two isomers
      were studied separately, the E isomer was efficiently metabolized in the
      hepatocytic system, whereas the Z isomer was not. The kinetics of disappearance
      of the Z isomer during metabolism was identical to that for the reequilibration
      of the Z isomer to the mixture of isomers in the absence of a metabolizing
      system.

PMID- 3370637
TI  - Effects of N-methylformamide on the growth, cell cycle, and glutathione status of
      murine TLX5 lymphoma cells.
AB  - The growth of the murine TLX5 lymphoma is inhibited in vivo by administration of
      N-methylformamide (Gescher, A., et al., Br. J. Cancer, 45: 843-850, 1982).
      Continuous incubation of TLX5 murine lymphoma cells in vitro with N
      methylformamide for 72 h, at concentrations of between 43 and 170 mM (0.25 and 1%
      v/v), brought about a concentration-dependent decrease in growth rate (50%
      inhibitory concentration = 68 mM) and viability. Cell replication was decreased
      by 37% after 48 h exposure to 106 mM N-methylformamide, while viability was
      maintained at 82%. Analysis of the distribution of these cells in the cell cycle
      by flow cytofluorimetry showed a 23% increase in the proportion of G1 cells and a
      fall in the proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases. As the drug
      concentration and time of exposure to N-methylformamide were increased, with an
      associated reduction in cell replication and viability, the proportion of G1
      cells rose. When TLX5 cells were washed free of N-methylformamide after an
      exposure to 106 mM for 48 h and cultured in drug-free medium, the cells returned
      to exponential growth and to a normal cell cycle distribution. Clonogenic assays
      showed that the recovery of proliferation, after removal of the drug, was due to
      that of all those cells which, in a parallel experiment, excluded the dye trypan
      blue. It is concluded that the cessation of replication and the accumulation of
      cells in G1 of the cell cycle, after treatment with N-methylformamide, are
      probably not events representative of terminal differentiation but rather of
      cytostasis, which was accompanied by rapid cell death. Coincident with the
      reduction of TLX5 cell proliferation caused by N-methylformamide and the
      accumulation of cells in G1, cellular glutathione concentrations fell by 80%. A
      similar fall was induced by treatment of the cells with D,L-buthionine[S,R]
      sulfoximine (5 microM) for 48 h, but this treatment had no effect on cell growth.

PMID- 3370638
TI  - Role of methylenetetrahydrofolate depletion in methotrexate-mediated
      intracellular thymidylate synthesis inhibition in cultured L1210 cells.
AB  - The effect of low methotrexate levels on methylenetetrahydrofolate and four other
      reduced folate pools in cultured L1210 cells has been examined over a 48-h
      period. Media folate levels and methotrexate were used to alter intracellular
      levels of reduced folates, and the distribution among individual reduced folates,
      so that they could be evaluated in terms of their effects on thymidylate
      synthesis and cell proliferation. Over the media folate concentration range of
      0.25-50 microM, growth rate and thymidylate synthesis remained essentially
      unchanged while total intracellular reduced folates, determined from the
      summation of the five individual pools measured, increased approximately 25-fold.
      The 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate pools accounted for
      over 90% of the total reduced folate at the highest media folate level, while low
      media folate resulted in a much more equal distribution among the five reduced
      folates examined. Methotrexate, over the concentration range of 0.25-30 nM,
      caused extensive growth and intracellular thymidylate synthesis inhibition at
      media folate levels used in RPMI 1640 media (2.5 microM) and lower. However,
      growth inhibition was much less at the highest media folate level used, and
      thymidylate synthesis was not inhibited to a statistically significant extent.
      Intracellular reduced folates also responded differently to methotrexate
      depending upon the level of media folate. Depletion of the thymidylate synthase
      substrate, methylenetetrahydrofolate, could not account for diminished growth or
      thymidylate synthesis inhibition, since at 0.25 and 2.5 microM media folate no
      depletion occurred in response to methotrexate and only slight depletion was
      observed at 50 microM media folate. Dihydrofolate showed a tendency to increase
      at each of the media folate levels used with the least increase at the highest
      folate level. However, the ratio of dihydrofolate to total reduced folates was
      quantitatively most consistent with thymidylate synthesis and growth inhibition
      results.

PMID- 3370639
TI  - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy in canine mammary tumors.
AB  - DNA ploidy has been determined using flow cytometry in 23 nonmalignant and 34
      malignant (primary and metastatic) mammary tumors from 46 dogs. This parameter
      was compared with clinical stage, histology, and estrogen and progesterone
      receptor analysis. Twenty-one of 34 cancers (61.8%) from 32 dogs were DNA
      aneuploid. Aneuploidy was also found in 4 of 23 nonmalignant tumors (17.4%) from
      20 dogs. Regional lymph nodes were involved in 6 of 10 diploid and 3 of 9
      aneuploid cancers of dogs with operable disease. The aneuploidy incidence was
      higher in dogs that had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis (8 of 11) than in
      those presented with local or locoregional disease (9 of 19), although this
      difference was not statistically significant. DNA aneuploidy incidence was not
      found to be related to histological tumor type, histological malignancy grade,
      nuclear grade, or steroid receptor presence. Heterogeneity in DNA content was
      found in 4 of 32 cancers (30 dogs) in samples from primary or locally recurrent
      lesions. In 3 of 16 cancers that were analyzed both at the primary and at
      secondary sites of growth, a significant variation in DNA content was observed.
      The degree of aneuploidy in the dog cancers was much lower than seen for human
      breast carcinomas with a relatively high frequency of hypoploid stemlines (7 of
      34 cancers, 20.6%). The frequency distribution of DNA indices in dog mammary
      cancers indicates that aneuploidy evolution probably differs from that of human
      breast cancer.

PMID- 3370641
TI  - Restriction of tumor growth in mice by sodium-deficient diet.
AB  - Generalized malnutrition results in inhibition of tumorigenesis and tumor growth
      in experimental animal models. Neither the specific nutrient deficiency nor the
      mechanism has been definitely elucidated. We have shown previously that dietary
      sodium deprivation in rapidly growing rats retards protoplasmic growth. This
      effect was correlated to the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion which is
      dependent on sodium accumulation. Since solid tumors are composed of a large
      quantity of ECF (which includes plasma volume) it was postulated that preventing
      the accumulation of new ECF by means of sodium restriction would influence tumor
      growth. The present study was designed to determine the effects of salt
      restriction on tumor growth and to relate these effects to ECF volume.
      Approximately 10(6) viable B16 melanoma cells were injected into C57BL/6 x DBA/2
      F1 and C57 mice. A salt restricted diet (sodium less than 3 microeq/g) was
      provided ad libitum. The drinking solution was distilled water for the
      experimental group and 0.45% saline solution for the controls. There was a
      significant decrease in tumor growth rates during sodium restriction. The total
      body ECF volume increased when dietary sodium was supplied but did not change
      during salt restriction. Therefore, the only source for the ECF in the tumor mass
      was from nontumorous tissue. We conclude that during dietary sodium restriction
      solid tumor growth is retarded and can proceed only to the extent that ECF is
      released from cachectic body tissues.

PMID- 3370640
TI  - Erythropoietin-induced polycythemia in athymic mice following transplantation of
      a human renal carcinoma cell line.
AB  - An established cloned human renal carcinoma line RC-1, which has been
      continuously maintained in culture for several years and which produces
      erythropoietin, was injected s.c. into BALB/c athymic mice and produced tumors.
      Tumorigenicity was directly correlated with the number of RC-1 cells inoculated.
      Tumor cell histology resembled the original patient-derived tumor. Tumor-bearing
      mice developed hepatosplenomegaly and significant reticulocytosis with elevated
      hemoglobin and hematocrit values that were proportional to tumor mass. In
      addition, red cell mass and blood volume of nude mice increased over 100% as
      compared to control mice or to animals bearing nonrelevant neoplasms. Large
      amounts of immunoreactive erythropoietin could be extracted from the nude mouse
      RC-1 tumors. These results indicate that the RC-1 cell line is tumorigenic and
      produces biologically active erythropoietin in vivo in athymic mouse hosts, thus
      providing a reproducible model to study ectopic erythropoietin production and its
      regulation in vivo.

PMID- 3370642
TI  - Melanoma-associated gangliosides in the fish genus Xiphophorus.
AB  - Gangliosides from benign and malignant melanomas and from normal skin of the fish
      genus Xiphophorus were isolated and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography.
      Individual ganglioside components were characterized by mapping according to
      their sialic acid content and by cleavage with neuraminidases. In all three
      tissues examined, sulfatide and the gangliosides NeuAc-GalCer (GM4), II3NeuAc
      LacCer (GM3), II3NeuAc-GgOse3Cer (GM2), and II3(NeuAc)2-LacCer (GD3) were found.
      Ganglioside GD3 yielded a positive reaction, following immunoadsorption with
      mouse monoclonal antibody R24 on thin-layer plates. Two alkali-labile
      disialoganglioside species were specifically recognized by mouse monoclonal
      antibody D1.1, thus indicating the presence of O-acetyl-neuraminic acid residues.
      One of them, a major ganglioside component of the malignant melanoma, was
      identified as O-acetyl-GD3, since it could be converted to the R24-positive GD3
      ganglioside after alkaline saponification. The other one appears to be restricted
      to the malignant tumor and represents a novel melanoma-associated ganglioside
      derivative. It was characterized as O-acetyl(NeuAc)2-nLc4Cer by exoglycosidase
      cleavage, by proving its neutral carbohydrate backbone as type II-chain lacto
      series oligosaccharide using mouse monoclonal antibody 1B2, and by its cross
      reaction with antibody R24 following alkaline treatment. Using antibody R24 and
      cryopreserved tissue sections of both benign and malignant amelanotic melanomas
      from albino fishes, it was demonstrated that one of the main melanoma-associated
      gangliosides, GD3, was exposed predominantly in the malignant tumor. Thus, the
      chemical nature and even the immunohistochemical localization of the gangliosides
      in fish melanomas proved to be very similar to those of the known gangliosides in
      the phylogenetically distant human melanomas.

PMID- 3370643
TI  - Site-specific metastasis of mouse melanomas and a fibrosarcoma in the brain or
      meninges of syngeneic animals.
AB  - Different subpopulations of cells from two different murine melanomas (K-1735 and
      B16) and a fibrosarcoma (UV-2237) were injected into the internal carotid artery
      of anesthetized syngeneic mice. Despite the common route of tumor cell injection,
      tumor lesions in the brain were unique to each tumor type and developed at
      different sites in the brain. Gross and histological examinations revealed that
      different subpopulations of cells derived from the K-1735 melanoma produced only
      parenchymal lesions, cells of the B16 melanoma produced lesions in the meninges
      and ventricles, and cells of the UV-2237 fibrosarcoma produced lesions throughout
      the brain. This site specificity for tumor growth was not due to the initial
      tumor cell arrest in the microvasculature of different regions-areas in the brain
      as evidenced by detailed studies with radiolabeled cells. The site specificity of
      this experimental brain metastasis was not random and correlated well with the
      clinical situation. The exact interactions of tumor cells with different
      microenvironments in the brain need further elucidation.

PMID- 3370644
TI  - Prediagnostic serum hormones and the risk of prostate cancer.
AB  - Serum samples were obtained from 6860 men during their study examination from
      1971 to 1975. After a surveillance period of about 14 years, 98 incident cases of
      prostate cancer were identified. Their stored sera and that of 98 matched
      controls from the study population were tested for the following: testosterone,
      dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estradiol, and sex hormone globulin. There was a
      suggestion that serum dihydrotestosterone levels were lower and the
      testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratios were higher in the prostate cancer cases
      compared with their controls. However, none of these associations or that of the
      other hormones was strongly significant. Further work is needed to clarify the
      relationship between sex hormones and prostate cancer risk.

PMID- 3370645
TI  - Diet and high risk of stomach cancer in Shandong, China.
AB  - A case-control investigation involving interviews with 564 stomach cancer
      patients and 1131 population-based controls was conducted to evaluate reasons for
      the exceptionally high rates of stomach cancer in Linqu, a rural county in
      Shandong Province in northeast China. Daily consumption of sour pancakes, a
      fermented indigenous staple, was associated with a 30% increase in risk. Risks of
      stomach cancer were also increased by 2- to 3-fold among persons with prior
      chronic gastritis or gastric ulcer, by 80% among those with stomach cancer in a
      family member, by 50% among men who smoked one or more packs of cigarettes/day,
      by 40% among those who preferred salty foods, and by 50% among families with
      moldy grain supplies. In contrast, risks tended to decrease in proportion to
      increasing consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. This protective effect was
      more pronounced for vegetables, with those in the highest quartile of intake at
      less than one-half the risk of those in the lowest. Stomach cancer risks also
      declined with increasing dietary intake of carotene, vitamin C, and calcium, but
      not retinol. These findings provide leads to dietary factors that contribute to
      the high rates in Linqu, where stomach cancer is the leading cause of cancer and
      has not yet begun to decline as in other parts of the world.

PMID- 3370646
TI  - Identification of cis-dichloro-bis-isopropylamine platinum(II) as a major
      metabolite of iproplatin in humans.
AB  - Iproplatin is a quadrivalent second-generation platinum complex undergoing
      clinical evaluation. In plasma and urine of patients receiving this drug,
      iproplatin- and platinum-containing metabolites of iproplatin were separated by
      reverse-phase gradient high performance liquid chromatography. One of the
      metabolites was identified by cochromatography and electron impact mass
      spectrometry as cis-dichloro-bisisopropylamineplatinum(II), a metabolite formed
      by reduction of iproplatin. Incubation of iproplatin with ascorbic acid and
      cysteine, in vitro, indicates that iproplatin can be easily reduced to cis
      dichloro-bis-isopropylamineplatinum(II) by reducing agents. It is hypothesized
      that the reduction of the quadrivalent complex iproplatin to cis-dichloro
      bisisopropylamineplatinum(II) occurs intracellularly.

PMID- 3370647
TI  - Synthesis of a trisaccharide component of the capsular polysaccharide of
      Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F.
AB  - 2-O-[4-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl]
      alpha,beta-L-rhamnopyranose, a structural component of the capsular
      polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F, has been synthesized by
      sequential glycosylation reactions using the glycosyl acceptor 2,2,2
      trichloroethyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (prepared from the known
      2-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl chloride), and the glycosyl
      donors 4-O-acetyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl chloride and 4,6-di-O
      acetyl-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl bromide (prepared in
      seven steps from the known methyl 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-alpha-D
      altropyranoside). The corresponding 8-(methoxycarbonyl)octyl glycoside has also
      been synthesized, by coupling of 8-(methoxycarbonyl)octyl
      trifluoromethanesulfonate and the sodium salt of 2-O-[4-O-(2-acetamido-4,6-di-O
      acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D- mannopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyl]-3,4-di-O- benzyl-alpha,beta-L-rhamnopyranose.

PMID- 3370648
TI  - A structural investigation of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K69.
AB  - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide isolated from Klebsiella serotype
      K69 has been investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
      The repeating structure of the deacetylated polysaccharide is shown to be of the
      "3 + 1 + 1" type, and it carries a 1-carboxyethylidene acetal at positions 4 and
      6 of a terminal galactosyl group. The location of acetyl groups in the
      polysaccharide has not been established. The repeating unit of the deacetylated
      polysaccharide has the following structure. (Formula: see text).

PMID- 3370650
TI  - Order of enzymic incorporation of O-methyl groups into the O-methyl-D-glucose
      containing polysaccharide of Mycobacterium smegmatis. A tritium-labelling study.
AB  - The order of enzymic incorporation of O-methyl groups into the O-methyl-D-glucose
      containing polysaccharide (MGP) of Mycobacterium smegmatis, 3MG(J)----G(I)---
      G(H) ----G(G)----6MG(F)----(GMG)9(E)----[G(L)----G(D)]----G(C) ----[G(K)----G(B)]
      ---G(A)----Ga, where G is D-glucose, 3MG is 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 6MG is 6-O
      methyl-D-glucose, and Ga is D-glyceric acid, was studied by incubating cultures
      of M. smegmatis with L-[3H-Me]methionine for various times. MGP was then
      extracted from the cells, and relative radioactivities of residues D, (E +
      F)average and J, or of D, E average, F, and J, were determined. Tritium-labelling
      of these residues increased in the reducing-to-nonreducing residue direction, the
      steepness of the gradient becoming more shallow with increasing incubation time.
      The results are consistent with a biosynthetic mechanism that involves sequential
      addition of O-methyl groups to residues of the pre-formed D-glucan, in the
      reducing-to-nonreducing residue direction.

PMID- 3370649
TI  - Analysis of linkage positions in a polysaccharide containing nonreducing,
      terminal alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic groups by the reductive-cleavage method.
AB  - The fate of terminal (nonreducing) alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronic groups under
      reductive cleavage conditions was investigated by using the Klebsiella K2 (strain
      NCTC-418) capsular polysaccharide. Treatment of the fully methylated
      polysaccharide (1) with triethylsilane and a mixture of trimethylsilyl
      methanesulfonate (Me3SiOSO2CH3) and boron trifluoride etherate (BF3.Et2O) as the
      catalyst, resulted in complete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages to yield the
      expected products, namely 3-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol
      (2), 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,6-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol (3), 4-O-acetyl-1,5
      anhydro-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol (4), and methyl 2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-tri-O
      methyl-L-gulonate. Treatment of 1 with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate
      (Me3SiOSO2CF3) as the catalyst resulted in incomplete cleavage of the glycosidic
      linkage of the methylated D-glucopyranosyluronic group, to yield 4-O-acetyl-1,5
      anhydro-2,6-di-O-methyl- 3-O-(methyl2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-alpha-D
      glucopyranosyluronate )-D-mannitol (9). Reductive cleavage of 1 in the presence
      of BF3.Et2O resulted in incomplete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages and gave
      rise to all four dimers (including 9) that could be formed from a tetrasaccharide
      repeating unit. The proposed structures of these dimers are based upon their
      composition, as established by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and by the
      reported structure of the polysaccharide. A small proportion of 1,5-anhydro-2,4,6
      tri-O-methyl-3-O-(methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-D
      mannitol (12) was also detected in the products of the BF3.Et2O-catalyzed
      reductive cleavage. The presence of 12 is chemical evidence for the phase of the
      tetrasaccharide repeating unit in the polysaccharide. The reductive cleavage of 1
      was also accomplished after reduction of its ester groups with lithium aluminum
      hydride. Complete cleavage of all glycosidic linkages was observed when either
      Me3SiOSO2CF3 or Me3SiOSO2CH3-BF3.Et2O was used to catalyze reductive cleavage,
      and anhydroalditols 2, 3, 4, and 6-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D
      glucitol were produced, as expected.

PMID- 3370651
TI  - Short stereoselective synthesis of L-nogalose.

PMID- 3370652
TI  - Noninvasive detection of anterior wall asynergies by cardiokymography compared to
      electrocardiography.
AB  - In order to determine the value of cardiokymography in detecting left ventricular
      (LV) anterior wall asynergies, 80 consecutive patients had a cardiokymogram (CKG)
      and an electrocardiogram (ECG) on the day prior to coronary angiography.
      Technically adequate CKGs were obtained in 72 patients (67 men and 5 women, mean
      age 53 +/- 6.5 years). For validation of regional contraction abnormalities,
      quantitative LV angiography was used. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was
      applied to investigate the diagnostic power of CKG. Sensitivity of the CKG for LV
      anterior wall asynergy was 67.9% (ECG: 39.6%) and specificity was 68.4% (ECG:
      94.7%) on the basis of 1 SD of the mean values of the radial axis shortening of a
      control group. For 2 SD, the sensitivity was 65.6% (ECG: 56.3%) and the
      specificity 47.5% (ECG: 90%). By combined testing, the specificity increased to
      98.3%, whereas the sensitivity dropped to 26.9%. The improvement of the post-test
      likelihood for a positive ECG by a positive CKG is especially pronounced in the
      intermediate prevalence range, whereas for a negative ECG the post-test
      likelihood can be further decreased by a negative CKG in the intermediate and
      high prevalence range. The ECG as a single test seems to be the more appropriate
      noninvasive method for detecting LV anterior wall asynergies; however, the
      combined use of both ECG and CKG may considerably improve the diagnostic
      accuracy.

PMID- 3370653
TI  - Functional cardiac assessment before and after left ventricular anterior aneurysm
      repair, especially as related to work capacity.
AB  - Clinical, angiographic and hemodynamic parameters were assessed preoperatively
      and 12-20 weeks (mean +/- SD: 14 +/- 2) after left ventricular anterior
      aneurysmectomy in 31 consecutive patients. In 18 patients, associated coronary
      artery bypass surgery was necessary (1.4 grafts/patient). One patient with mitral
      valve insufficiency postoperatively required mitral valve replacement. No other
      complications and no deaths arose. The working capacity of the patients, as
      measured by bicycle exercise testing, compared a stage of exercise that the
      patient reached to the expected level of exercise for a normal person of the same
      sex, age and body surface. Expressed as percent of normals it increased from 39.3
      +/- 28.9% (mean +/- SD) to 60.8 +/- 15.5% (p less than 0.001), angina-pectoris
      free working capacity increased from 52.6 +/- 41.4 to 89.2 +/- 33.2 W (p less
      than 0.001). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume was determined by simultaneous
      biplane angiography and decreased from 277.1 +/- 84.7 to 191.0 +/- 49.1 ml (p
      less than 0.001). Ejection fraction increased from 35.4 +/- 12.4 to 41.0 +/- 9.6%
      (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after angiography
      decreased from 24.6 +/- 9.2 to 21.1 +/- 11.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370654
TI  - Infarct size limitation after early intervention with metoprolol in the MIAMI
      Trial.
AB  - One of the secondary objectives of the MIAMI Trial which evaluated the role of
      the beta-1-selective blocker metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction
      was to further assess whether early intervention with beta-blockade can limit
      infarct size. A total of 5,778 patients from 104 worldwide centres were
      randomized into the trial. Various enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase
      (ASAT), creatine kinase (CK), CK MB, CK B, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and LD
      isoenzyme I were analysed. All enzymes were used according to the clinical
      routine of the respective hospital, except ASAT which was analysed once daily for
      3 days in the majority of cases and LD I which was analysed every 12 h for 72 h
      in a subsample. A consistent observation was the lower serum enzyme activity
      among patients receiving metoprolol and randomized early after onset of symptoms,
      whereas no difference between metoprolol and placebo was observed in patients
      treated later in the course. The results of the MIAMI Trial support previous
      observations that early institution of metoprolol therapy limits infarct size, as
      indicated by the maximum serum enzyme activity.

PMID- 3370655
TI  - A polygraphic study of systolic time intervals and their correlations with heart
      rate and workload during supine ergometry in one hundred normal subjects.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate systolic time intervals (STI) in
      100 normal subjects undergoing continuous-maximal supine cycle ergometry and to
      search for possible linear correlations between STI (dependent variables) and
      heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, age, sex, weight,
      and height (independent variables), by stepwise regression analysis. The only
      significant correlation discovered in the study was between the contractility
      index (isometric contraction time-ICT) and the total work produced by each
      participant. Exercise tolerance was limited primarily by shortening of the ICT
      interval, all subjects discontinuing the test when ICT reached 13.7 +/- 7 ms.

PMID- 3370656
TI  - Isolated tricuspid valve prolapse.
AB  - Tricuspid valve prolapse is commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse or
      other heart abnormalities and is rarely found as an isolated finding. A patient
      with isolated tricuspid valve prolapse is described which was discovered on
      routine examination of an asymptomatic pilot.

PMID- 3370658
TI  - Unexplained hypotension in Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A 51-year-old black male with progressive polymyositis presented to our hospital
      with respiratory failure. Hemodynamic monitoring revealed tachycardia, arterial
      hypotension, a high cardiac index, and low systemic vascular resistance.
      Evaluation for common etiologies of this hemodynamic pattern was unrewarding. He
      was found to have Hodgkin's disease of the bone marrow. Aggressive combination
      chemotherapy led to normalization of heart rate and arterial pressure. It is
      postulated that Hodgkin's disease through some undetermined mechanism can cause a
      hyperdynamic circulatory pattern. This hemodynamic state reversed with
      suppression of the tumor.

PMID- 3370657
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation in a patient with 'silent' mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - A patient with clinically silent mitral valve prolapse experienced an episode of
      out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. This arrhythmia
      was easily replicated in the electrophysiology laboratory and despite treatment
      with amiodarone alone and amiodarone in combination with propranolol. Amiodarone
      in combination with quinidine prevented the induction of ventricular fibrillation
      and proved effective during a 3-year follow-up period. Even though a clear-cut
      relationship between the arrhythmias and mitral valve prolapse cannot be
      established, this case suggests that sudden death can occur in patients with
      mitral valve prolapse but without the known risk factors for the development of
      sudden death.

PMID- 3370660
TI  - Electromechanical events during spontaneous angina.
AB  - The electromechanical events occurring during acute myocardial ischemia were
      assessed in 10 patients who developed spontaneous angina during cardiac
      catheterization. Aortic pressure and electrocardiogram were recorded, and heart
      rate and systolic and diastolic time intervals were measured under control
      conditions, at the onset of angina and during the relief of chest pain. In 5
      patients spontaneous angina was accompanied by an increase in heart rate and
      systemic arterial pressure and by ST segment changes in anterior or anterolateral
      precordial leads. Diastolic time, expressed as percent of cardiac cycle,
      shortened from 48.8 +/- 3.6% at rest to 33.6 +/- 4.8% (p less than 0.01) at the
      onset of angina, as a consequence of a significant increase in both
      electromechanical systole and heart rate, and returned to control values within
      10 min after sublingual nitroglycerin. In the remaining 5 patients, spontaneous
      angina was accompanied by a decrease in heart rate and systemic arterial pressure
      and by ST segment changes in the inferior or inferolateral leads. The diastolic
      time increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 39.4 +/- 6.1% at rest to
      47.8 +/- 9% at the onset of angina, as a consequence of a significant decrease in
      heart rate and a slight decrease in electromechanical systole. Since coronary
      perfusion takes place mainly during diastole, our results suggest that the reflex
      increase in adrenergic tone may worsen myocardial ischemia by affecting diastolic
      perfusion time. In contrast, the increase in vagal tone may contribute to
      spontaneous relief of angina by prolonging diastolic perfusion time.

PMID- 3370659
TI  - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of hypomagnesemia in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats.
AB  - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of dietary induced hypomagnesemia were
      studied in two groups of 2-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
      All rats were given distilled water to drink ad libitum and were followed for 2
      months. However, control rats (n = 12) were given a regular rat diet to eat,
      whereas the experimental (hypomagnesemic; HM) rats (n = 12) were given a
      magnesium-free diet. Metabolic and hemodynamic studies were done at the end of
      the 2-month observation period in the awake state. HM rats had higher mean
      arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart
      rate, UNaV, UKV and serum Na, and lower hematocrit, renal blood flow, serum K and
      serum Mg than the controls. No differences were observed among the two groups of
      rats with respect to weight, fluid intake, urine volume, serum calcium, blood
      urea nitrogen, cardiac index and glomerular filtration rate. In addition, HM rats
      had widespread myocardial and renal tissue calcification in contrast to controls,
      which did not show any tissue calcification. We conclude: (1) dietary-induced
      hypomagnesemia aggravated the hypertension of SHR; (2) it caused widespread
      tissue calcification; (3) the adverse effects of hypomagnesemia on arterial
      pressure were possibly produced through calcium-mediated systemic
      vasoconstriction and increase in peripheral vascular resistance.

PMID- 3370661
TI  - The National Cholesterol Education Program: the role of nursing.

PMID- 3370662
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of some antidepressant drugs on canine cardiac
      Purkinje fibres.
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of several antidepressant drugs, imipramine,
      metapramine, minanserin, nomifensine, and amineptine, were studied in canine
      cardiac Purkinje fibres at concentrations between 10(-6) mol.litre-1 and 10(-4)
      mol.litre-1. Metapramine (10(-5) mol.litre-1) decreased the action potential
      amplitude, the action potential duration, and Vmax. In addition, imipramine or
      metapramine induced a pronounced increase of conduction time and conduction block
      at 10(-4) mol.litre-1, whereas with mianserin and nomifensine a 10(-4) mol.litre
      1 concentration was necessary to induce a decrease of Vmax and conduction
      velocity. With the exception of conduction time and action potential duration,
      amineptine was not able significantly to change the electrophysiological indices
      of canine Purkinje fibres. The decrease of Vmax observed with imipramine,
      metapramine, and with high concentration of mianserin and nomifensine confirms
      that the antiarrhythmic action of these agents might be related principally to
      their class I antiarrhythmic effects. The fact that amineptine, which is not
      antiarrhythmic, does not decrease Vmax reinforces this suggestion.

PMID- 3370663
TI  - Decline in ventricular fibrillation threshold after successive premature
      extrastimuli: a possible explantation for the induction of ventricular
      fibrillation during programmed stimulation with multiple extrastimuli.
AB  - To examine the relation between the ventricular fibrillation threshold and the
      number of premature extrastimuli delivered to the right ventricle during
      programmed ventricular stimulation, a clinical stimulation protocol was performed
      in nine normal, anaesthetised, closed chest dogs. In addition, the ventricular
      fibrillation threshold was measured in each dog after a train of eight paced (S1)
      beats (VFT-S2), after a single premature extrastimulus (VFT-S3), and after two
      extrastimuli (VFT-S4). The VFT-V3 was 32% lower than the VFT-S2 (16(7) mA vs
      24(9) mA, p less than 0.001). The VFT-S4, or the current required by the S4
      extrastimulus to induce ventricular fibrillation, was 25% lower than the VFT-S3
      (12(8) mA vs 16(7) mA, p less than 0.05). The cumulative reduction in the
      ventricular fibrillation threshold measured by the S1S2S3S4 stimulation protocol
      was approximately 50%. Although in most dogs the VFT-S4 was still considerably
      higher than twice threshold current intensity, the results of the study suggest
      that a possible mechanism for the induction of non-clinical ventricular
      fibrillation in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory may be the progressive
      lowering of the ventricular fibrillation threshold caused by the addition of
      multiple extrastimuli. This may be particularly relevant in patients with an
      already reduced fibrillation threshold.

PMID- 3370665
TI  - Metabolic modulation of cardiac neurosympathetic activity in vivo: effects of
      potassium and adenosine.
AB  - The effects of intracoronary (LAD) infusion of potassium and adenosine on changes
      in coronary vascular resistance and regional cardiac noradrenaline overflow
      during graded cardiac sympathetic stimulation were assessed in non-ischaemic
      myocardium in the open chest anaesthetised dog. Intracoronary potassium at three
      concentration (10, 25, 75 mmol.litre-1) progressively increased the potassium
      content of local venous effluent from 3.6 to 9.4 mmol.litre-1 and produced
      biphasic effects on nerve stimulated regional noradrenaline overflow. At low dose
      it was inhibitory (peak overflow at 20 Hz stimulation being reduced from
      (mean(SEM)) 10.2(2.6) to 2.9(1.8) pmol.ml-1 with 10 mmol.litre-1 potassium
      chloride; p less than 0.01). At high dose, overflow was potentiated to 13.3(2.7)
      pmol.ml-1 with 75 mmol.litre-1 potassium chloride (p less than 0.05).
      Noradrenaline overflow from and the potassium content of circumflex territory
      venous effluent was unchanged. Intracoronary adenosine at high concentration (10(
      3) and 10(-2) mol.litre-1) potentiated basal noradrenaline overflow from the
      heart producing a small negative arteriovenous concentration difference of
      0.6(0.7) and 1.0(0.6) pmol.ml-1 respectively. However, noradrenaline overflow
      during maximal sympathetic stimulation was inhibited from 3.8(1.4) to 0.4(0.7)
      pmol.ml-1 with 10(-3) mol.litre-1 adenosine and to 0.7(0.6) pmol.ml-1 with 10(-2)
      mol.litre-1 adenosine (p less than 0.05). The changes in blood flow and coronary
      vascular resistance seen with sympathetic stimulation were not modified by
      adenosine, despite major alteration in basal coronary vascular tone. Thus both
      metabolites may potentially alter local neurosympathetic activity in ischaemic
      myocardium and act diversely to determine noradrenaline release at the nerve
      terminal.

PMID- 3370664
TI  - Microvascular reactivity of the myopathic Syrian hamster cremaster muscle.
AB  - The myopathic Syrian hamster is a genetic model of congestive heart failure that
      exhibits focal myocytolytic necrosis in both heart and skeletal muscle. Previous
      investigations of microvascular morphology in heart and skeletal muscle have
      shown severe arteriolar constrictions without fixed anatomical vessel lesions.
      This study tested the hypothesis that these constrictions indicate a
      hyperreactivity of the myopathic microvasculature in vivo and that the reactivity
      corresponds to the developmental course of myocyte pathology. The
      microcirculation of the cremaster muscle was studied in eight myopathic and six
      control hamsters in the active stage of necrosis (39-81 days of age) and five
      myopathic and six control hamsters in the later stage of muscle healing (150-213
      days of age). The internal diameter of second order arterioles was measured
      during topically applied noradrenaline. The myopathic arterioles of the younger
      group constricted at significantly lower concentrations of noradrenaline (p less
      than 0.01) and constricted to 35-50% of their resting internal diameter over a
      narrower range of noradrenaline (p less than 0.01). This indicated both a reduced
      threshold to noradrenaline and an enhanced response to the agonist. Active
      myocytolytic necrosis was found in the contralateral cremaster muscle of each
      myopathic hamster. The older myopathic and control hamsters showed no significant
      differences in arteriolar responsiveness to applied noradrenaline and no active
      necrosis. These results indicate a relation between a hyperreactive
      microvasculature and active necrosis and a normal reacting microvasculature and
      diminished necrosis in the two phases of the disease. Thus a general
      correspondence between vascular responsiveness and myocyte pathology exists in
      this model of heart failure and muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 3370666
TI  - Radionuclide assessment of diastolic function in aortic regurgitation: a critical
      study of its measurement.
AB  - Systolic and diastolic ventricular function was assessed in patients with aortic
      regurgitation as the peak ejection and filling rates. The measured rate of change
      of volume was related to the ejection fraction when expressed in end diastolic
      volumes per second (EDV.s-1) but not when expressed as stroke volumes per second
      (STV.s-1) suggesting that an apparent variation in left ventricular volume change
      when expressed as EDV.s-1 may occur as a result of an increase in end diastolic
      volume rather than any absolute alteration in filling rate. There was a
      significantly greater increase in peak filling than peak ejection rate with
      increasing heart rate in patients with aortic regurgitation, and this relation
      was exaggerated compared with that in controls. No definite difference in these
      indices of left ventricular function was found in patients with aortic
      regurgitation of severity varying from mild to severe. Isolated measurements of
      left ventricular filling rate may not accurately reflect left ventricular
      compliance since other factors, particularly heart rate, must be considered.

PMID- 3370667
TI  - Exercise reduces persistent ductus arteriosus shunting in piglets.
AB  - To determine the effects of dynamic exercise on ductal left to right shunting and
      skeletal and myocardial blood flow distribution, a persistent ductus arteriosus
      was created by balloon catheters in neonatal piglets. At 8-10 weeks of age,
      aortic, pulmonary artery, and left atrial catheters were placed and radiolabelled
      microspheres injected for measuring left ventricular output, organ blood flows,
      and ductus left to right shunting at rest and during treadmill exercise (1.6
      mph). At rest, effective left ventricular output and myocardial and skeletal
      muscle blood flows were similar in the study group and controls. Exercise
      increased skeletal muscle and left ventricular blood flows similarly in the
      control and study group and did not accentuate the exercise induced small
      reduction in the left ventricular subendocardial to subepicardial blood flow
      ratio. This was due to a significant reduction in the ductus left to right shunt
      during exercise (mean(SD) 34(15) vs 18(7)%, p less than 0.02) and maintenance of
      effective left ventricular output in the study group (447(144) vs 446(98) ml.min
      1.kg-1 in controls). The reduction in ductus shunting during exercise was due to
      a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance and a small increase in
      pulmonary vascular and ductus resistance. Thus, reduced persistent ductus
      arteriosus shunting and maintenance of effective left ventricular output prevents
      myocardial perfusion abnormalities during dynamic exercise in swine with a
      persistent ductus and small to moderate left to right shunts.

PMID- 3370668
TI  - Relation of lactate production to postischaemic reduction in function and
      myocardial oxygen consumption after partial coronary occlusion in swine.
AB  - Postischaemic myocardial dysfunction (stunning) induced by partial occlusion of
      the left anterior descending coronary artery and its relation to lactate
      production during reperfusion were studied in nine swine. A 40% reduction in
      regional left ventricular wall thickening, as measured by ultrasonic crystals,
      was prospectively defined as stunning. A perfusion pressure of 20 mmHg was
      maintained with a hydraulic occluder for each ischaemic period and was monitored
      by a distal arterial catheter. To achieve a 40% reduction in function, four
      animals required three ischaemic periods (mean ischaemic flow reduction 73%),
      four two (86% flow reduction), and one one (93% flow reduction). At 25 min of
      reperfusion transmural flow was slightly reduced from 0.67 ml.g-1.min-1 at
      control to 0.58 ml.g-1.min-1 (p less than 0.05), whereas regional flow
      endocardial to epicardial flow ratio was unchanged. At 60 min reperfusion,
      percentage systolic wall thickening was reduced to 25% from a control of 39% (p
      less than 0.01) and parallel reductions in regional myocardial oxygen consumption
      from 4.3 ml.min-1 to 2.7 ml.min-1 occurred (p less than 0.01). Lactate extraction
      was depressed at 15 min reperfusion (-4.0% compared with control +18.0% (p less
      than 0.05)) but returned to control values by 30 min. It is concluded that
      postischaemic myocardial dysfunction (stunning) can be induced by partial
      coronary occlusions and that the extent of dysfunction depends on the degree of
      flow reduction. The reductions in myocardial oxygen consumption parallel those of
      wall thickening during reperfusion after stunning. Finally, lactate production
      occurs during early reperfusion but does not persist with the postischaemic
      reductions in function and myocardial oxygen consumption.

PMID- 3370669
TI  - Genetic basis of autoimmune disease.

PMID- 3370670
TI  - Sequence analysis and neuronal expression of fasciclin I in grasshopper and
      Drosophila.
AB  - The fasciclin I, II, and III glycoproteins are expressed on different subsets of
      axon bundles (fascicles) in insect embryos and are thus candidates for surface
      recognition molecules involved in growth cone guidance. Here we present the
      sequence of grasshopper fasciclin I and the identification and sequence of the
      Drosophila fasciclin I homolog. In both species, fasciclin I appears to be an
      extrinsic membrane protein with a signal sequence but no transmembrane region;
      the protein comprises four homologous domains of approximately 150 amino acids
      each. Antibodies against Drosophila fasciclin I reveal that it is expressed on
      the surface of a subset of commissural axon pathways in the embryonic central
      nervous system and on all sensory axon pathways in the peripheral nervous system.
      This pattern of expression is similar to that in grasshopper.

PMID- 3370671
TI  - Fingering too many proteins.

PMID- 3370672
TI  - A novel phorbol ester receptor/protein kinase, nPKC, distantly related to the
      protein kinase C family.
AB  - Protein kinase C (PKC)-related cDNA clones encode an 84 kd protein, nPKC. nPKC
      contains a cysteine-rich repeat sequence homologous to that seen in conventional
      PKCs (alpha, beta I, beta II, and gamma), which make up a family of 77-78 kd
      proteins with closely related sequences. nPKC, when expressed in COS cells,
      confers increased high-affinity phorbol ester receptor activity to intact cells.
      Antibodies raised against nPKC identified a 90 kd protein in rabbit brain extract
      as well as in extracts from COS cells transfected with the cDNA construct. nPKC
      shows protein kinase activity that is regulated by phospholipid, diacylglycerol,
      and phorbol ester but is independent of Ca2+. The structural and enzymological
      characteristics of nPKC clearly distinguish it from conventional PKCs, which
      until now have been the only substances believed to mediate the various effects
      of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters. These results suggest an additional
      signaling pathway involving nPKC.

PMID- 3370673
TI  - A stem-loop in the 3' untranslated region mediates iron-dependent regulation of
      transferrin receptor mRNA stability in the cytoplasm.
AB  - Expression of the human transferrin receptor (hTR) and its mRNA is strongly
      induced by iron deprivation. By measuring transcription elongation rates, levels
      of hTR-specific nuclear RNA, and mRNA half-lives, we found this regulation to
      occur posttranscriptionally in the cytoplasm. Analysis of hTR cDNA mutants with
      deletions in the 3' untranslated region revealed the existence of two distinct
      domains, both of which are essential for regulation in mouse L cells. The
      regulated phenotype correlates with the presence of a stem-loop structure
      predicted by a computer algorithm. Expression of point and deletion mutants
      affecting the stem-loop confirmed the requirement for this secondary structure in
      regulation. The 3' untranslated region of hTR cDNA was sufficient to confer iron
      dependent regulation on another gene.

PMID- 3370674
TI  - The expression of glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of the cellular slime
      mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - In this report we examine the accumulation of glycoconjugates in the
      extracellular medium and insoluble matrices surrounding developing cells of the
      cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Conditions were employed which
      permitted advanced development (slug stage and beyond) in suspension culture.
      Under these conditions, up to one-third of the total culture protein appeared as
      non-sedimentable, extracellular material over the course of 48 h of incubation.
      Most of the secreted molecules expressed carbohydrate antigens (glycoantigens) as
      detected by Western blotting, using a panel of six monoclonal antibodies. Since
      the glycoantigens are secreted, immunoelectron microscopy was used to localize
      the glycoantigens in the extracellular matrices surrounding normally developing
      cells, including the slime sheath, stalk tube, inner spore coat, outer spore
      coat, and intercellular fluid between spores. Each glycoantigen had a
      characteristic distribution, and each extracellular matrix space contained a
      unique combination of glycoantigens. Thus, although each of these matrices
      (except inter-spore fluid) contains cellulose as a primary component, they could
      be distinguished on the basis of their glycoantigen and, by inference,
      glycoprotein compositions. Furthermore, there were differences between anterior
      and posterior regions of both slime sheaths and stalk tubes. These observations
      show that secretion as detected in suspension culture occurs under normal
      conditions as a part of the process of depositing extracellular matrices around
      the cells. The distributions show that the cell aggregate positionally regulates
      the expression and deposition of secretory glycoproteins; the resultant patterns
      of expression of unique protein-linked carbohydrate structures imply a functional
      role in matrix organization and possibly cell activity which can now be explored.

PMID- 3370675
TI  - Molecular cloning of cell-type-specific cDNAs exhibiting new types of
      developmental regulation in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - By screening cDNA libraries from NC-4 cells, we have obtained five prespore
      specific and two prestalk-specific cDNA clones. The two classes of prespore genes
      began to be expressed at the tipped aggregate stage: one class was expressed
      throughout development, while the other was shut off during culmination. Another
      class of prespore genes was expressed in vegetative cells but only in prespore
      cells at the later stages. Prestalk-specific genes were first expressed at the
      tipped aggregate stage concurrently with the two prespore gene classes,
      indicating the importance of this stage for transcriptional regulation in both
      prestalk and prespore differentiation. Except for the first prespore gene class,
      these represent new cell-type-specific genes as to their temporal pattern of
      expression.

PMID- 3370676
TI  - Synthesis of specific proteins for sexual development in Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - The development of Dictyostelium discoideum may proceed by two pathways,
      macrocyst or fruiting-body formation, the former being the sexual and the latter
      the asexual cycle. The pathway of development depends on the presence or absence
      of zygote giant cells which are produced through fusion of opposite mating-type
      cells in a population, in heterothallic strains. During the early stages of
      macrocyst development the patterns of developmentally regulated proteins were
      noted to differ considerably from those during fruiting-body development.
      Furthermore, the haploid cells around zygote giant cells synthesized a large
      number of specific proteins for macrocyst development through the influence of
      giant cells.

PMID- 3370677
TI  - Somitogenesis in the mouse embryo.
AB  - This report describes the initiation of somitogenesis in the mouse embryo.
      Correlations are made with fibronectin distribution around the unsegmented
      mesoderm and the distribution of cytoskeletal elements within the cells as they
      undergo morphogenetic movements. The same temporal and topological changes in
      fibronectin, laminin, and cytoskeletal elements are seen in mouse somitogenesis
      as in the chick embryo. A notable exception is that the epithelial stage of
      somitogenesis in the mouse does not form a closed vesicle as it does in the
      chick. In the mouse the mesial portion of the forming somite does not become
      epithelial before the migration of sclerotomal cells.

PMID- 3370678
TI  - Amplification of ribosomal genes and formation of extrachromosomal nucleoli in
      oocytes of starfish Henricia hayashi (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae).
AB  - DNA and RNA specific dyes, Ag-NOR staining and in situ hybridization were used
      for studying the nucleolar apparatus in the growing oocytes of Henricia hayashi
      (Asteroidea: Echinasteridae). A plasmid containing ribosomal genes of Drosophila
      melanogaster (Kolchinsky et al., 1980) labelled with 3H by nick-translation
      served as an rDNA probe. Multiple extrachromosomal nucleoli are formed by the
      cascade type as a result of growth and subsequent fragmentation of the
      chromosomal (primary) rDNA body and its derivative extrachromosomal (secondary)
      rDNA bodies. Ribosomal genes were shown in all nucleolar structures.
      Argentophilia of the primary and secondary DNA bodies appears to be due to the
      dense packing of the rDNA-containing material. Ag(+) NORs were detected in the
      extrachromosomal multiple nucleoli and NOR complexes. Amplification of rDNA is a
      highly probable conclusion from the existing data.

PMID- 3370679
TI  - Differentiation of cartilage cells studied by quantitative [3H]thymidine
      autoradiography in vitro.
AB  - The apical segments of the mandibular condylar cartilage of newborn ICR mice,
      containing the intact zones of progenitor cells along with a few rows of
      chondroblasts were initially prelabelled in vitro with [3H]thymidine and were
      subsequently chased and cultured for as long as eight days. Such explants
      underwent a process of tissue regeneration, as after three days in culture they
      reconstituted the original structure of the organ, thus resembling the in vivo
      appearance of neonatal mandibular condylar cartilage. Cellular proliferation with
      subsequent differentiation in the regenerating tissue was followed by means of
      quantitative autoradiography. Immediately after labelling, the autoradiography
      positive grains were confined exclusively to progenitor cells. The latter
      revealed a substantial ability to proliferate in vitro, a fact that was
      manifested by a progressive increase in the labelling index along the course of
      the culture. The latter process was followed by cellular differentiation thereby
      obtaining hypertrophic chondrocytes. The increase in the rate of labelling index
      and in the total number of [3H]thymidine-labelled cells was significantly
      correlated with the overall growth of the regenerating explants.

PMID- 3370680
TI  - Factors involved in the formation and stabilization of cell aggregates obtained
      from amphibian embryonic explants.
AB  - The effect of factors influencing the formation and stability of animal and
      vegetal aggregates from Xenopus laevis and Ambystoma mexicanum was examined in
      the light and scanning electron microscopes. At extreme values of pH the surface
      coat covering the vegetal aggregates is dissolved and dissociation may take
      place. Animal aggregates are more resistant. At high tonicities vegetal
      aggregates may be dissociated, and in the animal aggregates the epidermal
      differentiation is suppressed. In the absence of Ca2+ the vegetal aggregates are
      dissociated, but the animal aggregates are not affected. The results obtained
      with the inhibitor selenate and from incorporation experiments indicate that
      sulfated glycosaminoglycans are involved in the formation of aggregates in both
      species. Corresponding observations with tunicamycin suggest that even
      glycoproteins may play a role in aggregate formation, particularly in the vegetal
      aggregates.

PMID- 3370681
TI  - Expression of the Ca2+ mobilizing muscarinic system in the chick embryo
      correlates with morphogenesis.
AB  - We describe muscarinic receptors and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization after
      cholinergic stimulation in cell suspensions prepared from chick embryos between
      day 2 (stage 12/13) and day 13 (stage 40) of development. Cell suspensions are
      prepared from whole chick embryos and from embryonic hearts, heads or brains,
      limb buds, and trunks. Muscarinic receptors are measured using
      [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate as specific ligand. Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization is
      determined by changes of chlorotetracycline fluorescence. (1) Considerable
      amounts of muscarinic receptors are found in all parts of the embryo and at all
      stages tested. (2) The intracellular Ca2+ response after stimulation by
      muscarinic agonist shows a peak at day 3-4 (stage 23). (3) The pharmacological
      profile of the Ca2+ response remains constant during embryonic development and
      differs from the profiles of most adult systems. (4) The 'embryonic muscarinic
      system' is uniformly expressed in cells from neural and non-neural tissues. It
      appears and disappears independently of innervation.

PMID- 3370682
TI  - Regulation of gene expression in prediapausing embryos of the silkworm, Bombyx
      mori: pattern of protein synthesis.
AB  - Specific qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis occur from the
      fertilization to the onset of diapause in the silkworm. We have used two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis to analyse the patterns of proteins synthesized
      in prediapausing eggs of Bombyx. This analysis has been carried out with in vivo
      labelled polypeptides and with proteins synthesized in vitro by RNA isolated at
      different stages. The oocyte contains an abundant supply of diverse mRNA which
      are translatable in vitro. A set of proteins with molecular weight range of
      68,000 to 74,000 and isoelectric points of 5.85-5.95 (hereafter referred to as
      No. 30) is specific of the germ-anlage stage. Transcripts encoding the No. 30
      proteins are not detectable in oocytes, and inhibition of transcription by
      actinomycin D indicates that No. 30 mRNA are synthesized de novo. Treating eggs
      at the germ-anlage stage with 4 N HCl at 46 degrees C prevents diapause and is
      accompanied by overproduction of No. 30 protein. The induction of No. 30
      synthesis is also the main event of the heat shock response. The implications of
      these findings in relation to early embryonic development and prevention of
      diapause are discussed.

PMID- 3370683
TI  - Age-associated alterations in human natural killer cells. 2. Increased frequency
      of selective NK subsets.
AB  - We have analyzed the peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy volunteers (20 to
      94 years) for the expression of natural killer (NK) cell surface markers, NK
      activity, and B-cell proliferative response. An increase (2- to 3.5-fold) in
      relative percentage and absolute number of lymphocytes expressing Leu-7 (HNK-1)
      or Leu-11a (CD 16) antigen was found in the elderly group (greater than 80 years)
      as compared to young adults (less than 40 years). A two-color immunofluorescence
      analysis revealed that the age-associated increment was both progressive and
      selective; the actual increase occurred in Leu-7+11a+ and Leu-7+11a- populations
      (subsets with variable and weak NK activity) but not in the Leu-7-11a+ (most
      active) subset. There is a corresponding decrease in the 7-11a- cells. The ratios
      of 7+11a+/7-11a+ and 7+11a-/7-11a+ cells doubled with advancing age. Linear
      regression analysis suggests that the 7-11a+ cells are highly preserved through
      human senescence and the ratio of 7+11a- cells to the most stable subset, 7-11a+,
      could expand nearly 100-fold from birth to old age. Further analysis of Leu-7+
      cells for the coexpression of Leu-11c (an epitope of Leu-11a) confirmed a similar
      pattern of changes in 7+11c+ and 7+11c- NK subsets with advancing age. The
      frequency of Leu-11+ (epitopes 11a+ or 11c+), but not of the subsets of 7+
      phenotype (7+11a- or 7+11c-), correlates well with the NK activity (spontaneous
      killing of K562 tumor cell line). The 7+11c+ cells may directly or indirectly be
      responsible for the increase in NK activity observed with a majority of aged
      donors. The inverse relationship observed between the mitogenic response of
      lymphocytes to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and the initial frequency of 7+11a-, but
      not other phenotypes, raises a potential functional significance for the
      expansion of the 7+11a-(7+11c-) subset. These age-associated NK phenotypic
      changes provide a cellular basis for our observations on age-associated increase
      in NK activity and decrease in mitogenic response to PWM.

PMID- 3370684
TI  - Activation of protein kinase C by fatty acids and its dependency on Ca2+ and
      phospholipid.
AB  - Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) was activated by
      arachidonic and myristic acids. This activation by both fatty acids required the
      calcium ion. Acidic phospholipid was also required for the activation by myristic
      acid, while that by arachidonic acid was inhibited by phospholipid.

PMID- 3370685
TI  - Factors affecting heat production of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts in flow
      microcalorimetry.
AB  - Quiescent 3Y1 cells in monolayer cultures were dispersed with trypsin-EDTA,
      suspended in various media, and the cellular heat production was measured in a
      flow-type microcalorimeter set at 37 degrees C. A linear relationship was found
      to exist between the number of cells applied to the microcalorimeter and the heat
      output. Increasing concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and of fetal calf
      serum (FCS) added in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DEM) enhanced the heat
      output to the same saturation level. Trypsin inhibitor added in DEM enhanced the
      heat output, but to a lower saturation level than FCS or BSA did, indicating that
      BSA has an activity to enhance cellular heat production by a mechanism other than
      neutralizing residual trypsin. The heat output was found to gradually decrease in
      the microcalorimeter. This reduction was not enhanced by a two-fold dilution of
      the medium (DEM plus FCS) with phosphate-buffered saline, indicating that this
      reduction is not caused by the depletion of nutrients and serum factors in the
      medium. Similarly, when cells were incubated for 155 or 220 min in suspension in
      DEM plus BSA at 37 degrees C and applied to the microcalorimeter, the heat output
      decreased. However, no significant reduction of the heat output was observed
      after holding the cells at 0 degree C in suspension for the same period. This and
      other facts suggest that depletion of O2 dissolved in the medium is involved in
      the gradual decrease in heat output.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370686
TI  - [Postnatal adaptation of newborn infants of diabetic mothers. The effect of
      vascular complications in the mother on the status of the neonate].

PMID- 3370687
TI  - [Treatment of urinary stress incontinence using the Pereyra combined
      urethrovesical suspension].

PMID- 3370688
TI  - [Is the gynecologist's interest in breast care sufficient?].

PMID- 3370689
TI  - [The laser knife in the surgical treatment of cervical malformations].

PMID- 3370690
TI  - [Epidemiology and therapy of inflammatory diseases of the lesser pelvis].

PMID- 3370691
TI  - [Errors in the surgical treatment of choriocarcinoma].

PMID- 3370692
TI  - [Lyme disease in pregnancy].

PMID- 3370693
TI  - [Aspects of immunity in endometriosis].

PMID- 3370694
TI  - [Gynecologic inflammation. Selected papers presented at the national scientific
      conference of the Czech Gynecologic and Obstetrical Society. Hradci Kralove, 22
      23 May 1986].

PMID- 3370695
TI  - [Incidence of latent tetany in pregnancy].

PMID- 3370696
TI  - [Conclusions and recommendations of the 4th meeting of the Perinatal Medicine
      Section of the Czech Gynecologic-Obstetrical Society].

PMID- 3370697
TI  - [Cooperation between the psychiatrist and gynecologist in the prevention of
      unwanted pregnancy].

PMID- 3370698
TI  - [Requirements for preconception and postconception care in women with diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 3370699
TI  - [Gynecologic inflammation. Selected papers presented at the national scientific
      conference of the Czech Gynecologic and Obstetrical Society. Hradci Kralove, 22
      23 May 1986].

PMID- 3370700
TI  - [The Czech gynecology and oncology program].

PMID- 3370701
TI  - [Therapy of sterility associated with endometriosis using danazol].

PMID- 3370702
TI  - [Bacteriology of the vagina in asymptomatic women].

PMID- 3370703
TI  - [Development of orgasmic capacity in sexually inexperienced girls].

PMID- 3370704
TI  - [Transtemporal neurectomy of the vestibular nerve for vertigo caused by exostosis
      of the internal auditory canal].

PMID- 3370706
TI  - [Practical results arising from the modern understanding of tonsils].

PMID- 3370705
TI  - [Arachnia in otorhinolaryngology].

PMID- 3370707
TI  - [Mucocele of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 3370708
TI  - [The role of the palatine tonsils in the human immune system].

PMID- 3370709
TI  - [Epipharyngoscopic findings in conduction hearing loss].

PMID- 3370710
TI  - [Indications and significance of impedance audiometry, tympanometry and BERA
      (brainstem evoked response audiometry) in screening for hearing defects in very
      young children and handicapped children].

PMID- 3370711
TI  - [Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3370712
TI  - Natural sea-water may be unreliable for the culture of Acetabularia.

PMID- 3370713
TI  - Circadian and circannual variations of cell cycle distribution in the mouse bone
      marrow.
AB  - The cell cycle distribution of bone marrow cells from the femurs of female C3H
      mice has been investigated by flow cytometry according to the time of the day and
      month of the year. Both circadian and seasonal variations were found for the
      different cell cycle phases as well as the total cell numbers per femur. Both the
      mesor, the acrophase and the amplitude of the S, G2 and (G1 + G0) phases varied
      significantly in some months, while in other months only insignificant rhythms
      were found. The relative cell cycle distribution only partly reflected variations
      in the total numbers of proliferating cells, since the total cell number per
      femur was also variable. The total numbers of cells in DNA synthesis seem to be
      higher in the first part of the year, indicating increased cell proliferation
      during winter and spring. In this period the acrophases of DNA synthesis and G2
      were in the morning, while the second half of the year showed the peak later in
      the day. In general, hemopoietic cell proliferation seems to constitute a labile
      equilibrium with rapidly changing activities.

PMID- 3370714
TI  - Temporary suppression of the hyperglycemic response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose by
      blinding.
AB  - Studies were made on whether there is a time-dependency in the hyperglycemic
      response to intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in blind rats. 2DG
      was given to blind rats in their subjective light and dark periods to see if the
      response free-runs like their circadian locomotor and feeding rhythms. The
      following results were obtained: (1) In control period and week 3 after blinding,
      2DG caused greater hyperglycemia in the subjective light period than in the
      subjective dark period; (2) In weeks 4 and 6, however, 2DG caused only slight
      hyperglycemia, while it caused considerable hyperinsulinemia in both the
      subjective light and dark periods with no time-dependency. (3) In week 8, the
      hyperglycemic response to 2DG was completely restored while the hyperinsulinemic
      response was lost. These findings indicate that the subjective time-dependency in
      the hyperglycemic response to intracranial injection of 2DG exists until week 3
      and after week 8 after blinding, however, in week 4 and 6 after blinding the
      subjective time-dependency appeared to disappear and the hyperglycemic response
      is largely suppressed in association with hyperinsulinemia. Together with a
      previous finding that bilateral lesions of the SCN completely abolished the
      response to 2DG and the fact that blind rats showed circadian rhythms of feeding
      and locomotive activity even in weeks 4 and 6 after blinding, these findings
      present the possibility that the site responding to 2DG is in the vicinity of the
      SCN, but is in different neuronal cells from those of the circadian oscillator.
      However, it is also possible that the blinding elicits the suppression of
      hyperglycemia due to 2DG through disturbing neural pathway outside the SCN which
      control blood glucose concentration.

PMID- 3370715
TI  - Preaveraging or postaveraging of data measured in chronobiology: will the mean
      mouse please stand up?
AB  - Chronological measures are often made on several subjects, or for a period of
      days, or both, to define cycles of 24 hr in order to obtain a variety of
      information which can be submitted to statistical tests to characterize the
      subjects. In this paper, a simple theoretical model for two subjects is presented
      to examine the consequences of preaveraging. Preaveraging is defined as the
      summing of those temporal values which define the phenomenon in question. This
      type of operation is in fact the equivalent of filtering with moving averages.
      This model is then extended to N subjects exhibiting randomly assigned shifts.
      The disadvantages of preaveraging are illustrated from data drawn from
      experimental studies on mouse activity in three inbred strains: DBA/2, BALB/B6
      and C57BL/6. Different effects of preaveraging, both voluntary and involuntary,
      are described. It is shown that preaveraging masks features that in fact
      discriminate across strains whereas postaveraging, because it does not suppress
      information, makes it possible to define the parameters of an "average" subject.

PMID- 3370716
TI  - Circadian rhythms of cell cycle processes in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax
      polyedra.
AB  - The circadian expression of several growth properties was examined in the
      dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra under constant light and light-dark conditions.
      The cell concentration, mean cell volume and rate of DNA synthesis varied in a
      circadian rhythm, with the primary maximum of cytokinesis and DNA synthesis at
      about dawn. High rates of cell mortality also occurred during phases related to
      events of cytokinesis, and may be important in the expression of the other
      rhythms and in "red tide" generation. Flow-cytofluorimetric analysis indicated
      that cells of a population contain either a relatively high or a low amount of
      DNA, but the proportion of cells in each of these classes and the absolute amount
      of DNA in each cell varied rhythmically depending on the circadian time. This DNA
      distribution pattern was unlike the usual G1-S-G2+M pattern typical of eukaryotic
      cell populations. Isotopically labelled thymidine, used as a marker of DNA
      synthesis, was continuously incorporated; but the incorporation rate fluctuated
      in a regular pattern that repeated each circadian period.

PMID- 3370717
TI  - Influence of food intake on the 24-hr variations of plasma iron concentration in
      the rabbit.
AB  - Circadian variations in plasma iron levels were first reported in humans in 1937.
      Influences of the sleeping pattern and of plasma cortisol and adrenaline levels
      on these variations as well as the reproducibility of the phenomenon itself are
      discussed controversially in the literature. The influence of food intake,
      however, was not considered in most of the studies and is therefore subject of
      this investigation. Circadian plasma iron and plasma transferrin variations were
      determined in rabbits and compared under free access to food and under starvation
      (caecotrophy was not prevented). Population-mean-cosinor analysis of circadian
      plasma iron concentrations showed similar variations in the fed and starved
      condition (mesor: 116.6 micrograms/dl vs 118.1 micrograms/dl, acrophase 0752 hr
      vs 0728) except for a significant increase of the circadian amplitude under free
      access to food (30.9 micrograms/dl vs 22.3 micrograms/dl, P less than 0.05).
      There was no variation in plasma transferrin, which shows that 24 hr variations
      in plasma iron are not caused by modulation of plasma transferrin. These findings
      demonstrate a circadian rhythm for plasma iron, the amplitude of which is
      increased by food intake.

PMID- 3370718
TI  - Sleep and circadian rhythms of temperature and urinary excretion on a 22.8 hr
      "day".
AB  - Two groups of subjects (total N = 6) were studied in an isolation chamber for a
      period of 3 weeks whilst living on a 22.8 hr "day". Regular samples of urine were
      taken when the subjects were awake, deep body temperature was recorded
      continuously and polygraphic EEG recordings were made of alternate sleeps. The
      excretion in the urine of potassium, sodium, phosphate, calcium and a metabolite
      of melatonin were estimated. Measurements of the quantity and quality of sleep
      were made together with assessments of the temperature profiles associated with
      sleep. In addition, cosinor analysis of circadian rhythmicity in urinary
      variables and temperature was performed. The 22.8 hr "days" affected variables
      and subjects differently. These differences were interpreted as indicating that
      the endogenous component of half the subjects adjusted to the 22.8 hr "days" but
      that, for the other three, adjustment did not occur. When the behaviour of
      different variables was considered then some (including urinary potassium and
      melatonin, sleep length and REM sleep) appeared to possess a larger endogenous
      component than others (for example, urinary sodium, phosphate and calcium), with
      rectal temperature behaving in an intermediate manner. In addition, a comparison
      between different rhythms in any subject enabled inferences to be drawn regarding
      any links (or lack of them) that might exist between the rhythms. In this respect
      also, there was a considerable range in the results and no links between any of
      the rhythms appeared to exist in the group of subjects as a whole. Two further
      groups (total N = 8) were treated similarly except that the chamber clock ran at
      the correct rate. In these subjects, circadian rhythms of urinary excretion and
      deep body temperature (sleep stages and urinary melatonin were not measured) gave
      no evidence for deterioration. We conclude, therefore, that the results on the
      22.8 hr "day" were directly due to the abnormal "day" length rather than to a
      prolonged stay in the isolation chamber.

PMID- 3370719
TI  - Are there circadian variations of polymorphonuclear phagocytosis in man?
AB  - Eleven male subjects were investigated to detect a possible circadian rhythm of
      the polymorphonuclear phagocytosis. Both cell activity and serum opsonins were
      studied for numerical detection of granulocytes having ingested at least one
      particle and for the mean number of ingested particles per cell. No significant
      temporal differences (ANOVA and cosinor) were found.

PMID- 3370720
TI  - Synthesis and some properties of constrained short-chain phosphatidylcholine
      analogues: (+)- and (-)-(1,3/2)-1-O-(phosphocholine)2,3-O- dihexanoylcyclopentane
      1,2,3-triol.
AB  - Reported herein is the synthesis of (+)- and (-)-(1,3/2)-1-O-(phosphocholine)-2,3
      O-dihexanoylcyclopentane-1,2, 3-triol. These are the enantiomers of a contrained
      analogue of dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine in which the glycerol backbone is
      replaced by all-trans cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol. Evidence is presented to
      demonstrate that the (-)-enantiomer is a substrate for phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
      (Crotalus atrox) while the (+)-enantiomer is not. This strict enantiomeric (and
      positional) specificity was exploited in conjunction with a novel application of
      DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, to achieve racemic resolution with an
      excellent yield. The constrained backbone geometry, and the experimentally
      accessible critical micellar concentration (CMC) of these analogues should render
      them useful probes for assessing the contribution of substrate conformation and
      flexibility to the catalytic efficiency of PLA2.

PMID- 3370721
TI  - Determination of ester carbonyl 18O/16O ratios in phospholipids by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitation of 18O enrichment in phospholipid acyl
      groups. Methyl esters are prepared by transesterification with sodium hydroxide
      in methanol and are hydrogenated prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      (GC-MS). Estimation of 18O content of the resulting esters is made using the m/z
      74 and m/z 76 fragments, which contain both the ester oxygens. The accuracy of
      the method is demonstrated with synthetic methyl esters and phosphatidylcholines
      containing a known amount of 18O.

PMID- 3370722
TI  - Semisynthetic preparation of N-glycolylneuraminic acid containing GM1
      ganglioside: chemical characterization, physico-chemical properties and some
      biochemical features.
AB  - N-Glycolylneuraminic acid containing GM1, GM1(NeuGc), was prepared by
      semisynthetic procedure. The procedure makes use of GM1 ganglioside deacetylated
      at the level of sialic acid residue (deAc-GM1) and of 1,3-dioxalan-2,4-dione.
      DeAc-GM1 is prepared from GM1 by alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of
      tetramethylammonium hydroxide and the glycolylating compound by reaction of
      glycolic acid with phosgene in dioxane, followed by cyclization under vacuum.
      Mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses clearly
      indicated the presence, in the neosynthesized ganglioside of a glycolic group in
      the sialic acid residue. Laser-light scattering measurements show that GM1(NeuGc)
      aggregates in aqueous media being present in solution as micelles with a
      molecular weight of 576,000 and a hydrodynamic radius of 62.4 A as determined at
      25 degrees C. GM1(NeuGc) promotes neurite outgrowth in N-2a cells to a similar
      degree as GM1(NeuAc), but shows different behaviour under treatment with
      sialidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens.

PMID- 3370723
TI  - Synthesis of 1-O-acylethane-2-O-amidothionphosphates and their R,S-alpha
      tocopherol derivatives as a new model type of phospholipids.
AB  - The 1-O-acylethane-2-O-bis(N,N-diethylamido)- and 1-O-acylethane-2-O-(R,S-alpha
      tocopheryl-6-O-)-(N,N- diethylamido)-thionphosphate derivatives of stearic acid,
      oleic acid and linoleic acid have been synthesized as new model phospholipid
      structures.

PMID- 3370724
TI  - Cervical thymic cysts in infants and children.

PMID- 3370725
TI  - [Moebius syndrome. Differential diagnosis of torticollis].

PMID- 3370726
TI  - Massive thymic hyperplasia in infants.

PMID- 3370727
TI  - [Incarcerated Bochdalek's hiatal hernia].

PMID- 3370728
TI  - [Duodenal stenosis caused by a pyloric diaphragm].

PMID- 3370729
TI  - [Giant extension of a Meckel's diverticulum as the cause of acute abdomen].

PMID- 3370730
TI  - An unusual hamartomatous malformation of the rectosigmoid presenting as an
      irreducible rectal prolapse and necessitating rectosigmoid resection in a 14-week
      old infant.

PMID- 3370732
TI  - [Echinococcal cyst of the liver].

PMID- 3370731
TI  - [A case of cholecystitis in a 9-month-old infant].

PMID- 3370733
TI  - [A case of cystinuria with bilateral urolithiasis in a 2 1/2-year-old girl].

PMID- 3370734
TI  - Disposition and metabolism of the antitumor agent pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide in
      mouse and beagle dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide have been
      studied in the beagle dog and mouse. When pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide was
      administered to beagle dogs at a dose of 18.6 mg/kg (428 mg/m2) by i.v. bolus,
      the plasma half-life (t1/2) was 7.3 min, the apparent volume of distribution (Vd)
      577 ml/kg, and the total body clearance (Cl) 55 ml/min per kg. In mice given
      pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide by i.v. bolus at 100 mg/kg (428 mg/m2), the t1/2 was
      5.8 min, the Vd 250 ml/kg, and the Cl 30 ml/min per kg. When [2-14C]pyrazine-2
      diazohydroxide was infused i.v. to mice at 100 mg/kg over 8 h, the Cl for parent
      drug was 122 ml/min per kg. The major product formed from pyrazine-2
      diazohydroxide was 2-hydroxypyrazine, which accounted for 80% of the total
      radioactivity in the plasma after a 6-h drug infusion. There were three other
      metabolites in plasma, two more polar than pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide, which
      accounted for 7% of the radioactivity, and one less polar, which accounted for 5%
      of the radioactivity. Following an i.v. bolus dose of [2-14C]pyrazine-2
      diazohydroxide, 79% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine in 24 h, 3% in
      the feces, and 0.4% in the expired air; 18% remained in the carcass. The liver
      and kidney showed the highest tissue levels of radioactivity. 2-Hydroxypyrazine
      accounted for 45% of the urinary radioactivity, pyrazine-2-diazohydroxide for
      14%, and a glucuronide or sulfate conjugate of 2-hydroxypyrazine for 17%. Twenty
      four percent of the radioactivity eluted near the void volume on high-performance
      liquid chromatography and was not identified.

PMID- 3370735
TI  - Selectivity of the anthracyclines for negatively charged model membranes: role of
      the amino group.
AB  - The equilibrium-binding affinities of six adriamycin analogues and four
      daunomycin derivatives for negatively charged dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine/dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid (DMPC/DMPA) small unilamellar
      vesicles are compared with values for electroneutral DMPC liposomes. Binding of
      the daunomycin series to negatively charged dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol
      (DMPG) vesicles was also examined. Under physiological conditions of pH and ionic
      strength, substitution of the amino group of adriamycin or daunomycin resulted in
      a reduced affinity for negatively charged bilayers, even if the substituent
      enhanced the degree of ionization of the amine. Decreasing the ionic strength
      increases the binding affinity for acidic membranes but decreases the drug
      affinity for neutral membranes. We propose that the electrostatic bond of the
      phosphate-amino group that has been shown to exist between anthracyclines and
      phosphatidic acid is sterically destabilized by substitution of the amino group.
      The results are consistent with a mode of anthracycline binding to negatively
      charged membranes which is driven by hydrophobic and electrostatic considerations
      but is destabilized by steric bulk at the amino group. The data also provide
      insight into the design of new anthracyclines with high membrane affinities and
      reduced uptake; such directed interaction with plasma membranes may enhance
      antineoplastic potential while reducing cardiac toxicity.

PMID- 3370736
TI  - Development of alkylating agent-resistant human tumor cell lines.
AB  - Survival curves and dose escalation studies of four representative human tumor
      cell lines exposed to the various alkylating agents are presented. With HN2, at a
      level of one log of cell kill there was a fivefold range in drug concentration
      required to achieve this degree of cell kill among the cell lines, from 4.5
      microM for the SL6 lung adenocarcinoma to 22 microM for the SW2 small-cell lung
      carcinoma. Four logs of SCC-25 squamous carcinoma cells were killed by 100 microM
      CDDP; however, there was only about one log of SL6 cells killed by 500 microM
      CDDP. To kill one log of G3361 melanoma cells required 24 microM 4-HC and to kill
      one log of SCC-25 cells required 24 microM, approximately a 16-fold difference.
      The curves for cell kill by L-PAM appeared to be biphasic, with a break at about
      100 microM. There was about a threefold range in drug concentration required to
      achieve one log of cell kill with L-PAM, from 60 microM in the SCC-25 cell line
      to 18 microM in the SW2 line. To kill one log of SCC-25 cells required 295 microM
      BCNU and to kill one log of SW2 cell required 120 microM, about a 2.5-fold
      difference. The range of maximally tolerated HN2 concentrations were from 1200
      microM for the SL6 cell line, 48 times the initial concentration, to 300 microM
      for the SCC-25 line, 16 times the initial concentration. The G3361 line tolerated
      the highest level of CDDP, 1900 microM, 48 times the initial concentration. The
      SCC-25 line, on the other hand, tolerated only 600 microM, 30 times the initial
      concentration. The SL6 cell line maximally tolerated 36 times the initial
      concentration of 4-HC (1450 microM), whereas the SCC-25 cell line tolerated only
      18 times the initial concentration (720 microM). The G3361 melanoma tolerated
      1555 microM, 30 times the initial concentration of L-PAM, and the SCC-25 cell
      line tolerated 700 microM, 14 times the initial concentration. The SL6 cell line
      tolerated the highest concentration of BCNU, 4200 microM, 24 times the initial
      concentration. The SCC-25 cell line tolerated 1450 microM, 8 times the initial
      concentration. In all cases, the SCC-25 cell line was least able to tolerate
      exposure to increasing concentrations of alkylating agents. The SL6 and G3361
      cell lines showed the greatest tolerance for increasing concentrations of
      alkylating agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3370738
TI  - Inhibition of spontaneous and experimental metastasis by a new derivative of
      camptothecin, CPT-11, in mice.
AB  - The antimetastatic effect of a new water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, 7
      ethyl-10-(4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino) carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11), were
      examined in several metastatic murine tumor systems. Intravenous (i.v.) injection
      of CPT-11 into BALB/c mice inhibited lung metastasis by i.v. inoculated,
      metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma 26 (C26) cells, C26NL-17, in BALB/c mice. This
      treatment was also effective in C57BL/6 mice against lung metastasis by i.v.
      inoculated B16-F10 and B16-BL6 cells, highly metastatic variants of the B16
      melanoma. Furthermore, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CPT-11 significantly
      inhibited the growth of C26NL-22 cells, a highly metastatic variant of C26,
      inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) into the left front footpads of BALB/c mice.
      Also, i.p. or i.v. injection of CPT-11 effectively inhibited the growth of 3LL
      tumors inoculated s.c. into the hind footpads of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover,
      following s.c. inoculation of either C26NL-22 or 3LL cells, combined surgical
      excision of the primary tumor and either i.p. or i.v. CPT-11 injections given
      before or after surgery markedly inhibited the formation of pulmonary metastases.
      These results show that a new derivative of camptothecin, CPT-11, has a potent
      inhibitory effect against both spontaneous and experimental lung metastasis.

PMID- 3370739
TI  - Effect of methotrexate on homocysteine and other sulfur compounds in tissues of
      rats fed a normal or a defined, choline-deficient diet.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) affects homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism in both cultured cells
      and patients, and this may be explained by a lack of the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
      required for salvage of Hcy to methionine. We here report the effect of MTX on
      Hcy in serum and Hcy, S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), S-adenosylmethionine
      (AdoMet) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in tissues of rats fed either a normal or
      a defined, choline-deficient (CD) diet. The CD diet alone did not affect the
      amounts of Hcy in serum and tissues, but decreased the amount of AdoMet in most
      tissues and increased the GSH content in the liver. MTX increased the amount of
      Hcy about 2-fold in serum, liver and kidney, and decreased the amount of AdoMet
      in liver and kidney, whereas the AdoHcy content in these tissues was essentially
      unaffected. Accordingly, both choline deficiency and MTX treatment reduced the
      AdoMet to AdoHcy ratio. The increased GSH in the liver induced by CD diet seemed
      to be abolished by MTX. In the spleen MTX had only a marginal effect on the Hcy
      and AdoMet content and decreased the GSH content. It is concluded that the
      increase in serum Hcy during MTX exposure probably reflects a disturbance of the
      Hcy metabolism in some tissues, and especially in the liver. Altered metabolism
      of other sulfur-containing metabolites may only partly be related to the
      inhibition of Hcy salvage, and some metabolic effects of MTX may be modulated by
      tissue-specific metabolic pathways as well as by the diet.

PMID- 3370740
TI  - Cytotoxicity of ketoconazole in malignant cell lines.
AB  - The cytotoxic effects of ketoconazole, an antifungal agent known to have some
      activity against human prostate cancer, adrenal cancer, and male metastatic
      breast cancer, were evaluated using colony-growth and clonogenic assays in eight
      malignant cell lines. The cytotoxicity of ketoconazole showed a dose- and time
      dependent pattern, with the following concentrations inhibiting 90% of the
      growing colonies (IC90): MCF 7 (human breast cancer) 7.25 micrograms/ml, T 47 D
      (human breast cancer) 9.0 micrograms/ml, MiaPaCa (human pancreatic carcinoma)
      10.0 micrograms/ml, COLO 357 (human pancreatic carcinoma), 9.5 micrograms/ml, HCT
      8 (human colonic adenocarcinoma) 27.1 micrograms/ml, DU 145 (human prostatic
      cancer) 40.0 micrograms/ml, AR 42 J (rat pancreatic carcinoma) 9.0 micrograms/ml,
      and L1210 (murine leukemia) 8.6 micrograms/ml. Since a concentration of 10
      micrograms/ml can be achieved in humans, the use of ketoconazole in human
      malignancies might be worthy of clinical evaluation.

PMID- 3370737
TI  - Liposomes as drug carrier system for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). II.
      Antitumor activity in vivo, induction of drug resistance, nephrotoxicity and Pt
      distribution.
AB  - In this study we have investigated the use of liposomes as a drug carrier system
      for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) in order to reduce the
      nephrotoxicity with preservation of antitumor activity. Liposomes (PC/PS/Chol
      10:1:4) were prepared using hydration media containing no or a relatively low
      concentration of NaCl. It was found that cis-DDP containing liposomes (lip cis
      DDP) injected i.v. to IgM immunocytoma-bearing LOU/M rats at a dose of 1 mg cis
      DDP/kg (cumulative dose 7 mg cis-DDP/kg) showed less antitumor activity than the
      free drug. The optimal cumulative dose of free cis-DDP for induction of antitumor
      activity in this tumor system is 7 mg/kg (7 X 1 mg/kg). At a dose of 2 mg lip cis
      DDP/kg (cumulative dose 14 mg cis-DDP/kg) the antitumor activity could not be
      increased by choosing another phospholipid composition of the liposomes
      [DPPC/DPPG/Chol (10:1:10)]. cis-DDP incorporated in DPPC/DPPG/Chol liposomes
      showed a similar antitumor activity to cis-DDP incorporated in PC/PS/Chol
      liposomes. After an i.v. dose of 2 mg lip cis-DDP/kg (PC/PS/Chol) kidney damage
      was less compared to the treatment with free cis-DDP (1 mg/kg). However, after a
      single dose of 2 mg cis-DDP/kg or a cumulative dose of 8 or 16 mg cis-DDP/kg,
      kidneys of rats treated with lip cis-DDP contained twice as much Pt as after
      treatment with free cis-DDP. Moreover, after treatment with lip cis-DDP, a
      twofold increase of the amount of Pt in tumor tissue was measured. In vitro
      studies with Pt recovered from spleens obtained from rats treated with lip cis
      DDP i.v. showed that based on the equal amounts of Pt recovered the antitumor
      activity of the recovered Pt was reduced, indicating inactivation of cis-DDP in
      vivo. As during treatment with free cis-DDP, recurrence of the tumor was observed
      during the continued treatment with lip cis-DDP. It was found that these
      recurrent tumors were resistant to further therapy with cis-DDP. In conclusion,
      cis-DDP encapsulation into liposomes decreased the nephrotoxicity. The antitumor
      activity of cis-DDP is preserved by liposome encapsulation when it was used at a
      dose of 2 mg/kg, but it was reduced in terms of earlier onset of regrowth.

PMID- 3370741
TI  - The influence of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of doxorubicin
      in rabbits.
AB  - The influence of ranitidine on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of doxorubicin
      was studied in six female New Zealand white rabbits. Plasma pharmacokinetic data
      were first obtained from rabbits given 3 mg/kg doxorubicin. After 1 month, the
      same rabbits were treated with ranitidine, 2.5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg, before and
      during doxorubicin administration. The plasma doxorubicin assays to determine
      pharmacokinetic parameters were repeated. Drug toxicity was evaluated using
      complete blood counts, and hepatic function was measured using a 14C-aminopyrine
      breath test. High-dose ranitidine increased the total exposure to doxorubicin
      (area under the curve of doxorubicin alone = 1.44 +/- 0.88 microM.h/ml vs 4.49 +/
      2.35 microM.hr/ml for doxorubicin given with high-dose ranitidine; P = 0.06).
      Low-dose ranitidine did not alter doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. Exposure to
      doxorubicinol was altered by either high-dose or low-dose ranitidine. 14C
      Aminopyrine half-life was altered by a ranitidine dose of 25 mg/kg (aminopyrine
      half-life after placebo control = 97 +/- 6 min as against aminopyrine half-life
      after ranitidine = 121 +/- 7 min; mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.02). Low-dose
      ranitidine did not exacerbate doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression. High-dose
      ranitidine enhanced doxorubicin-induced erythroid suppression while sparing the
      myeloid series. At cytochrome P-450-inhibitory doses, ranitidine's effects upon
      doxorubicin plasma pharmacokinetics are similar to those previously seen with
      cimetidine. These changes did not appear to alter drug detoxification and are not
      related to microsomal inhibition of doxorubicin detoxification. Low doses of
      ranitidine do not alter doxorubicin plasma pharmacokinetics or toxicity in
      rabbits.

PMID- 3370742
TI  - Effect of verapamil on doxorubicin activity and pharmacokinetics in mice bearing
      resistant and sensitive solid tumors.
AB  - The effect of the combined administration of verapamil (i.p. twice daily) and
      doxorubicin (i.v. once weekly) was tested in mice bearing the following: (a) a
      tumor with induced resistance to doxorubicin (B16VDXR melanoma line); (b) a tumor
      inherently resistant (MXT mammary carcinoma); and (c) four solid tumors sensitive
      to doxorubicin (B16 melanoma, B16V melanoma line, M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma,
      and Lewis lung carcinoma). Verapamil, given according to this treatment schedule,
      reached peak plasma concentrations of 3 microM. Such treatment did not enhance
      doxorubicin activity on either inherently or induced resistant tumors, whereas it
      significantly enhanced doxorubicin growth inhibition in all the sensitive tumors
      except the Lewis lung carcinoma. Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics after
      administration of the drug alone and in combination with verapamil was analyzed
      after the first and repeated treatments in animals bearing B16 melanoma or its
      resistant subline B16VDXR. The resistance of the B16VDXR line was associated with
      the ability of the tumor to retain less doxorubicin (AUC = 83 micrograms h/g)
      than the sensitive tumor B16 (AUC = 204 micrograms h/g) in spite of similar
      initial levels. The potentiating effect of doxorubicin activity by verapamil in
      B16 melanoma was not associated with increased doxorubicin levels or retention in
      the tumor, nor were differences in doxorubicin levels or retention found in the
      B16VDXR line. The combined treatment did not modify doxorubicin pharmacokinetics
      in plasma, heart, or spleen. These studies suggest that verapamil in vivo is
      ineffective in potentiating doxorubicin activity in tumors against which
      doxorubicin is inactive, that sensitive tumors are heterogeneous in their
      sensitivity to modulation by verapamil, and that this effect is not associated
      with modification of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 3370743
TI  - The effects of antibiotics and uricosuric drugs on the renal elimination of
      methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate in rabbits.
AB  - In anesthetized rabbits, continuous infusion of methotrexate (MTX; 30 micrograms
      kg-1 min-1) established steady-state plasma concentrations for MTX and the
      metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) within 40 min. Fifty percent of the
      infused dose was eliminated unchanged by the kidneys and the renal MTX clearance
      was slightly higher than the inulin clearance. Another 15%-30% was metabolized
      and excreted as 7-OH-MTX in the urine. Infusions of 7-OH-MTX, furosemide or
      benzarone had no influence on the clearance of MTX or 7-OH-MTX. Infusions of
      probenecid or piperacillin decreased the renal clearance of MTX and 7-OH-MTX
      mainly by reducing the tubular secretion of both compounds. In contrast,
      infusions of the antibiotics ceftriaxone and sulfamethoxazole increased the renal
      elimination of MTX and 7-OH-MTX. An increase was also observed during the
      infusion of the uricosuric drugs sulfinpyrazone and benzbromarone. These results
      are consistent with competition for tubular reabsorption between MTX, ceftriaxone
      and sulfamethoxazole. The pharmacokinetic drug interactions observed occurred
      with therapeutic drug concentrations and thus may be clinically relevant.

PMID- 3370744
TI  - Phase I and pharmacokinetic studies with the pentacyclic pyrroloquinone
      mitoquidone.
AB  - Mitoquidone (MTQ) is the first member of a new group of pentacyclic
      pyrroloquinones developed for clinical evaluation as a potential anticancer
      agent. MTQ demonstrated good activity in a range of experimental solid tumour
      models, but was weakly active against standard prescreens such as the P388 murine
      leukaemia. Bone marrow suppression or other significant toxicity was not observed
      in preclinical studies. Twenty-seven patients were treated with MTQ given as a 4
      h infusion either once every 21 days (150-600 mg/m2), once a week (200 mg/m2 per
      week), or as 5 daily doses repeated every 28 days (60-180 mg/m2 per day). The
      major adverse events encountered included nausea and vomiting (in virtually all
      patients), dyspnoea, tumour-related pain, and thrombocytopenia in several
      patients with pretreatment bone-marrow impairment. Phase I studies were suspended
      without a maximum tolerated dose being reached because of formulation
      difficulties. There were no major responses, although stable disease was observed
      in a number of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Temporary remission
      of B-symptoms occurred in two patients with lymphoma. The plasma pharmacokinetics
      of MTQ were investigated using an HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Linear
      pharmacokinetics were observed with a terminal plasma half-life of 2.9 +/- 2.1 h
      (n = 18 doses). The volume of distribution was 3.4 +/- 2.6 l/kg and plasma
      clearance was 629 +/- 469 ml/min per m2. Several soluble analogues with similar
      antitumour activity are currently under investigation.

PMID- 3370745
TI  - In response to Vriesendorp et al. prediction of normal tissue damage by cancer
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3370746
TI  - The production and repair of DNA damage by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine and
      azaserine in hamster and rat pancreas acinar and duct cells.
AB  - The activation of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) by pancreas acinar and
      duct tissue from Syrian hamsters and MRC-Wistar rats in vitro and in vivo was
      measured in terms of the production and repair of DNA damage. Hamsters were given
      BOP (1 X 10 mg/kg, s.c.). DNA single strand breaks (SSB) were measured over 2
      weeks. Significantly more SSB were present in duct than in acinar tissue. Their
      persistence in the duct fragments was due to a slower rate of repair. In a
      related experiment, duct fragments were isolated from BOP-treated (1 X 10 mg/kg,
      s.c.) hamsters 24 h after exposure and cultured for 6 days, or were isolated 7
      days after exposure. The extent of DNA damage was comparable in the two groups,
      indicating that the repair process(es) were still operative in cultured cells.
      Isolated duct fragments were exposed to either BOP or N-nitrosomethyl(2
      oxopropyl)amine (MOP) in vitro. MOP produced significantly more DNA damage than
      BOP even at a 5-fold lower dose. This is consistent with the greater
      carcinogenicity of MOP in the pancreas. BOP produced significantly less DNA
      damage in the rat pancreas than in the hamster pancreas. The rate of repair was
      at least twice as fast in the rat pancreas as in the hamster pancreas. There did
      not appear to be any preference for acinar or duct tissue in rats as there was in
      hamsters. This procedure was validated in rats by the use of the rat pancreas
      carcinogen azaserine, which only produced DNA damage in rat acinar tissue.

PMID- 3370747
TI  - A spectroscopic study of the conformation of poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C) modified
      with the carcinogenic 2-aminofluorene.
AB  - The conformational properties of both the B- and Z-form helix of the 2
      aminofluorene (AF) modified synthetic polynucleotide poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C) were
      extensively studied with a variety of optical techniques (UV absorbance, linear
      dichroism, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy). The spectroscopic
      results show, that: (i) the presence of the AF adduct in poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C)
      facilitates the conversion of the right-handed B-form polynucleotide to the left
      handed Z-type poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C) duplex; (ii) in B- as well as in Z-form
      poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C)-AF the carcinogenic residue is situated in a specific and
      ordered complex with the DNA, in which the AF chromophore is significantly
      immobilized and the long axis of the fluorene ring system is positioned in a
      parallel mode to the DNA base planes; (iii) in B-type poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C)-AF
      the carcinogenic residue exhibits strong stacking interactions with the adjacent
      DNA bases, which are coupled to an important destabilization of the AF-containing
      B-duplex; (iv) in contrast to the B-form complex, the AF-containing Z-type DNA is
      highly stabilized and a remarkable reduction of the AF-base interactions is
      observed; (v) in Z-form poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C)-AF the AF chromophore resides at
      a medium-exposed position. The combined data support a conformational model, in
      which the planar AF is inserted in the B-type polynucleotide helix, while the
      carcinogenic residue in the Z-form poly d(G-C).poly d(G-C)-AF structure is placed
      in an outside position.

PMID- 3370748
TI  - Differences in response to a chemical carcinogen within species and clones of the
      livebearing fish, Poeciliopsis.
AB  - Freshwater viviparous fishes of the genus Poeciliopsis are evaluated as a model
      for testing water-borne carcinogens. The unique property of this model lies in
      the clonal form of reproduction of some of these fishes. Interspecific hybrids
      between P.monacha and P.lucida occur in nature as all female 'species' which
      produce only female offspring and transmit the P.monacha genome intact as a
      single linkage group. Without sacrificing the integrity of the wild P.monacha
      genome, a naturally occurring 'hemi-clone' can be brought into the laboratory and
      rendered isogenic in the next generation by providing an inbred strain of
      P.lucida as the male parent. The genetic mechanism of P.monacha-lucida hybrids
      provides a tool for duplicating wild genomes from heterogeneous populations of
      these fishes for broad and continuous investigation. In the present study
      susceptibility to induction of liver tumors is compared in inbred strains of two
      species Poeciliopsis lucida and P.monacha, and among nine P.monacha-lucida hybrid
      clones exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Incidence of fish with liver tumors
      was significantly higher in P.lucida M61-31 (89.0%) than in P.monacha strains S68
      4 (18.9%) and S68-5 (36.8%) and the nine hybrid clones of P.monacha-lucida
      wherein tumors occurred in a graded series (15.6 to 66.7%). Tumors were not found
      in any untreated fish reared as controls. The incidence of treated fish with
      large tumors (occupying more than one eighth of the liver) was significantly
      higher in P.lucida (72.7%) than in the P.monacha strains S68-4 (9.4%) and S68-5
      (10.5%). The difference in frequencies of large tumors among the nine clones
      ranges from a low of 3.8% in M65-24 PCx to a high of 52.9% in M61-35 PCz.
      Hemangiopericytomas were induced in P.lucida and in five of the nine P.monacha
      lucida clones; they were not found in either strain of P.monacha. Lymphosarcoma
      was induced only in P.monacha S68-5. An unclassified sarcoma was induced in both
      P.monacha strains and in two of the nine P.monacha-lucida clones, but not in
      P.lucida. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was the most frequent tumor type
      induced with DEN in this study. It occurred in all twelve genotypes, and with one
      exception, in the highest incidence. In contrast to a previous study wherein
      responses of different strains of P.lucida were within a narrow range,
      substantial differences exist among P.monacha genotypes.

PMID- 3370749
TI  - Major routes of metabolism of the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in the rat.
AB  - The metabolic fate of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), a
      carcinogen formed in cooked meat and fish, has been investigated in male Sprague
      Dawley rats. Five metabolites were recovered from bile of animals given an
      intragastric dose of [2-14C]MeIQx. These accounted for nearly all of the
      radioactivity in bile. The chemical structures of these metabolites were
      elucidated by proton NMR, UV and mass spectroscopy. Three structures may be
      assigned unambiguously: two sulfamates, N-(3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoxalin
      2-yl)sulfamic acid and N-(8-hydroxy-methyl-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxalin-2-yl)
      sulfamic acid, and one glucuronide, N2-(beta-1-glucosiduronyl)-2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoxaline. In addition, an acetyl and a glucosiduronyl
      conjugate of 5-hydroxy-MeIQx were observed. The spectral evidence did not allow
      an unambiguous assignment of the site of conjugation. The two glucuronides were
      excreted in urine and the sulfamate of MeIQx was found in feces as well as urine.
      All five metabolites were found to be non-mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium
      TA98 with or without metabolic activation. The glucuronide conjugates were found
      also to be non-mutagenic when beta-glucuronidase was incorporated with S-9
      mixture in the mutation assay, and thus all appear to be detoxification products.
      The previously reported metabolite, 2-amino-8-hydroxymethyl-3-methylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoxaline which is mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with metabolic
      activation, was identified as a minor component in both urine and feces.

PMID- 3370750
TI  - Reaction of N-hydroxylamine and N-acetoxy derivatives of 2-amino-3
      methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline with DNA. Synthesis and identification of N
      (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ.
AB  - The N-hydroxylamine of the carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazolo[4,5-f]quinoline
      (IQ) covalently bound to calf thymus DNA at pH 7, and the binding was 11% higher
      under acidic conditions (pH 5). The extent of N-hydroxy-IQ binding to single
      stranded polynucleotides at neutral pH was in the following order: polyguanylic
      acid much greater than polyadenylic acid greater than polycytidylic acid =
      polyuridylic acid. The binding of the carcinogen to DNA, polyguanylic acid and
      polyadenylic acid at neutral pH was enhanced 6-, 4- and 2-fold respectively by
      the presumed in situ formation of N-acetoxy-IQ from N-hydroxy-IQ and acetic
      anhydride. N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ was synthesized by reaction at pH 7 of N
      acetoxy-IQ (formed in situ with N-hydroxy-IQ and acetic anhydride) with
      deoxyguanosine and the structure characterized by NMR, mass spectral and UV
      absorption spectral analyses. Reverse phase HPLC of enzymatically hydrolyzed DNA
      which had been reacted with N-hydroxy-IQ in vitro showed a major adduct which was
      chromatographically identical to synthetic N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ. In
      addition, N-acetoxy-IQ, generated chemically by acetic anhydride or enzymatically
      with mammalian acetyltransferase, formed one major adduct with DNA which was
      chromatographically identical to the synthetic N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ. The
      results indicate that N-hydroxy-IQ and N-acetoxy-IQ react with DNA forming
      primarily the N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-IQ adduct.

PMID- 3370751
TI  - Reactions of ultimate carcinogens with cell membranes: importance of
      carbamoylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by the carcinogens.
AB  - The strong carcinogens, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) react with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in chicken
      erythrocyte ghosts or rat kidney cells, whereas a weak carcinogen, methyl
      methanesulphonate (MMS), does not. The reactions of these agents with commercial
      PE were also carried out and their reactivities were compared with their
      carcinogenic potencies. When compared with the amount of PE of the blank, 64%,
      18% and 0% of PE were reacted with MNNG, MNU and MMS respectively. This indicated
      that MNNG is approximately 4 times more reactive than MNU, while MMS does not
      react with PE, correlating with their tumorigenic potencies on mouse skin. A
      positive correlation was also observed between the reactivity of a series of N
      methyl-N'-aryl-N-nitrosoureas (I-X) to PE and their tumorigenicity. In the case
      of the nitrosoureas, the reactions proceeded through carbamoylation of the amino
      group in PE by the isocyanates generated from the agents. Furthermore, many
      isocyanates also reacted with PE just as the strong carcinogens did. Our present
      results suggest that both alkylation of DNA and reaction with cell membranes
      would be required for the formation of transformed benign cells. For progression
      of the benign to malignant cells, further alkylation of DNA would be required,
      and the carcinogenic potency of the agents may result from a combination of both
      reactions.

PMID- 3370752
TI  - Positive influence of dietary deoxycholic acid on development of pre-neoplastic
      lesions initiated by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in rat liver.
AB  - The effect of deoxycholic acid (DCA) treatment subsequent to initiation of F344
      male rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a wide spectrum carcinogen inducing
      tumors in many organs, was investigated. Rats were initially given four doses of
      MNU (50 mg/kg) i.p. within a 2-week period combined with a two-thirds partial
      hepatectomy performed at day 7 and then placed on basal diet containing DCA at
      concentrations of 0.313, 0.125, 0.050 and 0.020% for 21 weeks prior to final
      sacrifice. All organs studied were carefully examined histologically and
      histochemically for development of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions. DCA
      enhanced the induction of glutathione S-transferase positive (GST-P+) liver cell
      foci in a dose-related manner. Furthermore groups of rats given DCA without prior
      MNU administration also developed dose-dependent numbers of pre-neoplastic liver
      lesions. In addition, increased numbers of small intestine tumors were apparent
      in DCA-treated animals although the difference was not significant. Induction of
      tumors in the thyroids, Zymbal glands, skin and peripheral nerves was not
      affected. The results indicate that DCA is a strong promoter of
      hepatocarcinogenesis with possible complete carcinogenicity in the liver and
      promotion potential for tumor development in the small intestine.

PMID- 3370753
TI  - Effect of short-term dietary administration of butylated hydroxyanisole on cell
      kinetic parameters in rat gastro-intestinal tract, assessed by
      immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry.
AB  - Groups of five male Wistar rats weighing 306 +/- 17 g were fed a diet containing
      2% 2-(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) or basal diet (control group) for 2
      weeks. Subsequently, rats received an i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analogue, and were killed after 4 h. The
      gastro-intestinal tract was removed and fixed in 70% ethanol. After pepsin
      digestion of the fixed tissues, labelled cell nuclei were visualized by means of
      a monoclonal anti-BrdU antibody technique. Cell kinetic parameters were
      determined by means of bivariate BrdU/DNA analysis using flow cytometry. Mean
      labelling index and potential doubling time of forestomach cells were
      significantly increased (P less than 0.002) in the 2% BHA group as compared to
      control rats. Cell kinetic parameters in other organs--glandular stomach, ileum,
      caecum and colon--were not affected by short-term consumption of BHA.

PMID- 3370754
TI  - Rapid growth of preneoplastic lesions in hepatocarcinogen-sensitive C3H/HeJ male
      mice relative to C57BL/6J male mice.
AB  - We have previously shown that C3H/HeJ male mice are approximately 20-fold more
      susceptible to the induction of liver tumors by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) than
      are C57BL/6J male mice and that this difference in sensitivity is largely
      determined by a single genetic locus (Hcs, hepatocarcinogen sensitivity). In
      order to determine whether the Hcs locus affects initiation or promotion of
      hepatocarcinogenesis, we studied the development of putatively preneoplastic
      hepatic lesions that are deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in mice
      treated at 12 days of age with ENU. In ENU-treated male mice of both strains, the
      number and size of G6Pase-deficient hepatic foci increased over time between 12
      and 24 weeks of age. However, the rate of growth of the lesions was 1.7 times
      faster for C3H/HeJ male mice (volume doubling time 2.0 +/- 0.7 weeks) than for
      C57BL/6J mice (3.4 +/- 0.4 weeks). Although the number and size of G6Pase
      deficient foci induced by ENU treatment of female C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J mice were
      smaller than for foci in similarly treated male mice, there was no significant
      difference between the growth rates of the foci in female C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6J
      mice. Thus, the phenotypic effect of the Hcs locus appears to be dependent on
      promotion of liver tumor induction by the male hormonal environment. In agreement
      with studies on the growth rate of the foci in male mice, the [3H]thymidine
      labeling index of G6Pase-deficient hepatocytes in C3H/HeJ males (12%) was 1.5
      fold higher than in C57BL/6J male mice (8.0%) at 20 weeks and 1.2-fold higher at
      28 weeks (11% versus 9.5%). The labeling index of histochemically normal
      hepatocytes in C3H/HeJ male mice (0.38%) was 2.6-fold higher than in C57BL/6J
      mice (0.15%) The Hcs locus may affect the promotion phase of hepatocarcinogenesis
      in male mice by increasing the proliferative rate of both normal and
      preneoplastic hepatocytes.

PMID- 3370755
TI  - Liver microsomal metabolism of the environmental carcinogen 3-nitrofluoranthene.
      I. Phenolic metabolites.
AB  - The liver microsomal metabolism of the environmental carcinogen 3
      nitrofluoranthene has been investigated. Five phenolic metabolites were isolated
      and characterized by their mass and NMR spectra as: 3-nitrofluoranthen-1-ol, 3
      nitrofluoranthen-6-ol, 3-nitrofluoranthen-(7 or 10)-ol, 3-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol
      and 3-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol. While the microsomes isolated from Sprague-Dawley
      rat liver and C57B16 mouse liver preferentially metabolized the 3
      nitrofluoranthene to 3-nitrofluoranthen-8-ol and 3-nitrofluoranthen-9-ol, the
      microsomes from Hartley guinea-pig liver preferentially metabolized 3
      nitrofluoranthene to 3-nitrofluoranthen-6-ol. 3-Nitrofluoranthen-1-ol was a minor
      metabolite in each of the incubations. The results indicate the presence of the
      nitro group on fluoranthene directs the metabolism away from the C1-C5 positions,
      and more towards the C6-C10 positions.

PMID- 3370756
TI  - Hypomethylation of DNA in estrogen-induced and -dependent hamster kidney tumors.
AB  - The development and maintenance of DNA hypomethylation were investigated in male
      Syrian hamsters during the course of induction of renal carcinoma by estrogens
      and in an estrogen-dependent tumor derived from H-301 cells. The H-301 cell line
      was obtained from a primary renal carcinoma induced by E-diethylstilbestrol
      treatment. Covalent DNA modifications in estrogen-exposed kidney and tumor
      tissues were also examined. The five tumors investigated were induced by s.c.
      estrogen treatment of animals for 7-9 months. Covalent DNA adducts were detected
      in kidneys after 5-7 months of exposure to various estrogens, but not in primary
      tumors induced by estrogen treatment for 7-9 months. Estrogen-induced covalent
      DNA modifications likewise were not detectable in tumors grown in estrogenized
      hamsters inoculated with H-301 cells. In contrast, DNA was hypomethylated in
      primary tumors induced by E-diethylstilbestrol, estradiol or 11 beta-ethyl-17
      alpha-ethinyl estradiol, but not in untreated and estrogen-exposed kidney.
      Compared with kidney tissue, there was an 11-24% decrease in total genomic DNA
      methylation in the estrogen-induced and -dependent tumors. DNA hypomethylation
      was maintained in tumors derived from H-301 cells. Discontinuation of estrogen
      treatment rapidly decreased the size of estrogen-dependent H-301 tumors, but did
      not affect the degree of DNA hypomethylation. Thus, DNA hypomethylation occurred
      in hormone-dependent primary neoplasms and was maintained after serial
      transplantations independent of the growth status.

PMID- 3370757
TI  - The polyploidizing growth pattern of normal rat liver is replaced by divisional,
      diploid growth in hepatocellular nodules and carcinomas.
AB  - DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in isolated nuclei from 71 neoplastic
      nodules and 15 hepatocellular carcinomas isolated from rat liver at various times
      after treatment with an initiation--promotion regimen employing
      diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene. Nodules and carcinomas contained
      mostly diploid nuclei as compared with both surrounding and normal hepatocytes
      which were predominantly polyploid. There appears to be a positive correlation
      between the degree of diploidy in nodules and their rate of proliferation. No
      aneuploid populations were identified in any neoplasm despite good peak
      resolution. These results show that an alteration in proliferation pattern from
      normal polyploidizing growth to diploid--diploid divisional growth is a
      consistent characteristic throughout the carcinogenic process in our experimental
      model.

PMID- 3370758
TI  - Comparative study on the carcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine, N
      nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine and N-nitrosodi-n
      propylamine to the lung of Syrian golden hamsters following intermittent
      instillations to the trachea.
AB  - N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomorpholine
      (NMOR), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA) were
      instilled into the lungs of male Syrian golden hamsters by intratracheal
      instillations once a week for 15 weeks. The total doses given were 1.5 mg of each
      drug. As a control, hamsters were treated with the vehicle, phosphate buffer
      solution. During the total lifespan, tumor incidence rates in the respiratory
      organs were 100% in the NDEA group, 6% in the NDMA group, 43% in the NMOR group,
      0% in the NPYR group, 72% in the NDPA group and 4% in the control group. The
      incidence rates in the liver were 19% in the NDMA group and 4% in the NPYR group.
      No liver tumors developed in the other groups. The carcinogenic potencies of
      these N-nitroso compounds to the respiratory organs was provisionally estimated
      to be in the following order: NDEA greater than NDPA greater than NMOR greater
      than NDMA = NPYR, at the 1.5 mg dosage level. However, the difference in the
      rates of tumor incidence between the NDMA or NPYR group and the control group was
      not significant.

PMID- 3370759
TI  - Examination of genotoxicity, toxicity and morphologic alterations in hepatocytes
      following in vivo or in vitro exposure to methapyrilene.
AB  - The antihistamine methapyrilene (MP) was widely used as a component of cold,
      allergy and sleep-aid medications in the 1970s until it was identified as a
      potent rat liver carcinogen. MP does not induce positive responses in most short
      term genotoxicity assays, which suggests that it is carcinogenic by a non
      genotoxic mechanism. We have evaluated the potential of MP to induce unscheduled
      DNA synthesis (UDS), a genetic end point and S-phase synthesis (SPS), and
      indicator of cell proliferation, in Fischer-344 (F344) rat and B6C3F1 mouse
      liver. We also examined the response of MP in hepatocytes from two species
      treated in vitro. MP failed to induce UDS in rat or mouse liver following in vivo
      treatment, or in hepatocytes from rat and adult human treated in vitro. Control
      rats and mice yielded less than 0.3% of cells in S-phase (%S). In contrast, MP
      induced significant elevations in SPS both in male F344 rat (6.3%S) and female
      B6C3F1 mice (1.4%S). In the male rat, sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), bilirubin,
      serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvate
      transaminase (SGPT) showed elevations of 9-, 10-. 17- and 28-fold over controls
      respectively, indicating that significant hepatotoxicity was induced by MP. This
      was confirmed by histopathologic examination, which revealed significant
      periportal and focal necrosis followed by an increased presence of mitotic
      figures. These results indicate that MP is not genotoxic in rat liver, but is a
      potent inducer of hepatic cell proliferation by inducing toxicity and subsequent
      regeneration, which may be an important mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis.

PMID- 3370760
TI  - Glucose kinetics in rats infused with endotoxin-induced monokines or tumor
      necrosis factor.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine if macrophage elaborated monokines in
      general, and human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (hrTNF alpha) in particular
      alter glucose metabolism in a manner analogous to that observed in endotoxin
      treated animals. Endotoxin-tolerant rats were infused for 3 hr with saline, E.
      coli endotoxin (100 micrograms/l weight) or monokines contained in conditioned
      media from endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (1 microgram/ml). Compared to
      saline- and endotoxin-infused rats, animals receiving the monokine mixture had no
      change in mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate but exhibited overt signs of
      morbidity including stupor and diarrhea. Monokine-infused rats remained
      euglycemic but had elevated lactate concentrations and a 15-30% increase in
      glucose rate of appearance (Ra). Nontolerant rats received a 3 hr infusion of
      saline, hrTNF alpha (15 micrograms/100 g), or heat-treated hrTNF alpha. HrTNF
      alpha infusion increased glucose Ra about 25% compared to the two control groups
      but did so without producing signs of morbidity seen in the monokine infused
      animals. Serum TNF levels were 6-fold higher in rats infused with the monokine
      mixture compared to animals infused with hrTNF alpha, and this reflected the
      different levels of TNF contained in the monokine mixture and hrTNF alpha
      infusates. Plasma insulin, glucagon, and catecholamine concentrations were
      increased in rats infused with either the monokine mixture or hrTNF alpha, but
      the increases were more pronounced in rats receiving the monokine mixture. The
      results demonstrate that monokines and hrTNF alpha increase glucose production in
      vivo, and that the effect may be mediated by endocrine changes known to influence
      glucose homeostasis.

PMID- 3370761
TI  - Left ventricular performance in canine endotoxin shock.
AB  - Left ventricular performance was studied in 6 control and 7 experimental open
      chest, heart-paced dogs before and after a single 1 mg/kg dose of E. coli
      endotoxin under pentobarbital anesthesia. Positive maximal dp/dt, time to peak
      ventricular pressure (PVP time), cardiac output, stroke work, tension-time index
      (TTI), coronary flow, and cardiac oxygen consumption were derived from left
      ventricular pressure, aortic flow, left atrial pressure, coronary sinus flow and
      A-V oxygen difference. During a control period and for 2 h post-endotoxin, while
      mean arterial pressure (afterload) and heart rate were held constant, +dp/dt max,
      PVP time, cardiac output, and cardiac work were related to left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure to obtain ventricular function curves. Positive maximal dp/dt
      was found depressed early (60 min) during the 2 h period of endotoxicosis studied
      (P less than .05). PVP time values increased after endotoxin administration but
      not significantly. Coronary sinus flow was found to be significantly elevated at
      2 h post-endotoxin. The findings indicate the presence of early (60 min) and
      sustained depression of ventricular performance at elevated coronary blood flows
      during endotoxicosis.

PMID- 3370762
TI  - Relative importance of cardiac output and arterial pressure in determining
      myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow.
AB  - Oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow were measured in anesthetized dogs
      while cardiac work was altered by changing arterial pressure or by opening an
      aorta to left atrial shunt. When oxygen consumption during pressure work was
      compared with that during flow work, at a constant heart rate, it was found that
      flow work increased oxygen consumption as much, or more, than did increasing
      pressure work. Coronary blood flow, but not A-V oxygen difference, was correlated
      with oxygen consumption. The highest correlation with oxygen consumption,
      however, was obtained for left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which was even
      more highly correlated than was cardiac work. The conclusion is that it may be
      the initial stretch of the myocardial fiber, rather than the arterial pressure or
      the cardiac output, that is the primary determinant of myocardial oxygen
      consumption at a constant heart rate.

PMID- 3370763
TI  - Exogenous ATP and hepatic hemodynamics in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - The actions of exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on hepatic hemodynamics
      were analyzed in the isolated perfused rat liver. The effects of ATP (10, 40, and
      160 microM) on hepatic circulatory resistances were determined from changes in
      portal vein flow, portal vein perfusion pressure, hepatic arterial perfusion
      pressure, and hepatic capacitance. ATP decreased portal vein flow under
      conditions of constant perfusion pressure, but it increased portal vein perfusion
      pressure under constant flow perfusion. ATP increased the resistance of the
      presinusoidal regions and reduced hepatic capacitance. Adenine derivatives
      including adenosine, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP),
      and ATP also decreased portal vein flow; the order of vascular activity of the
      adenine compounds was ATP greater than ADP greater than AMP = adenosine. The
      shock-protective actions of ATP may reflect hepatic hemodynamic adjustments.

PMID- 3370765
TI  - Arrested rotation of the outflow tract may explain double-outlet right ventricle.
AB  - In a previous study the possibility that tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of
      the great arteries may result of embryonic arrests in the normal rotation of the
      junction of the outflow tract and the great arteries was investigated. The
      results suggested that the development of other transposition complexes such as
      double-outlet right ventricle might also be related to arrests in this process of
      rotation. To further study this question 20 normal hearts and 15 hearts with
      double-outlet right ventricle obtained at autopsy were studied. The angle of the
      aortic-to-pulmonary valve axis relative to the inferior surface of the heart, as
      viewed from apex to base, was measured from postmortem radiographs. For normal
      hearts the mean angle was 81 +/- 7(SE) degrees. For 13 of the 15 hearts with
      double-outlet right ventricle the mean angle was 4 +/- 7(SE) degrees. Two hearts
      with double-outlet right ventricle showed markedly divergent aortic-to-pulmonary
      valve angles, with a mean of 228 +/- 11(SE) degrees, and were therefore grouped
      separately. Although direct comparison of hearts and embryos is difficult because
      of the differences in methods of determining angles, the valve positions in
      normal hearts was most similar to Carnegie stage 19, as found in an earlier
      study. The majority of the hearts with double-outlet right ventricle resembled
      stage 16 embryos. The results of this study, as well as those of the earlier
      studies, support the hypothesis that a spectrum of cardiac anomalies with
      anomalous origin of great vessels arises as arrests in the normal rotation of the
      semilunar valve region during embryogenesis.

PMID- 3370764
TI  - Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human
      heart.
AB  - Atrial depolarization was analyzed in 14 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome undergoing surgery to ablate accessory atrioventricular pathways
      associated with tachyarrhythmias. Bipolar potentials were recorded simultaneously
      from 156 atrial epicardial electrodes arranged in three templates to fit the
      anterior and posterior aspects of both atria. Spontaneous or sinus rhythms were
      recorded, as were atrial escape rhythms after overdrive pacing at rates of 150
      and 200 beats/min. Atrial activation maps revealed different patterns of impulse
      initiation varying from typical unifocal sinus node impulse origin, unifocal
      extranodal impulse origin, and multicentric impulse origin from two to four
      widely distributed atrial pacemaker sites. In subjects demonstrating only
      unifocal impulse origin during control or sinus rhythm, other widely divergent
      pacemaker sites were recorded in other maps during subsequent rhythms. In
      addition to sites located at the upper superior vena cava-right atrium junction,
      pacemakers also dominated at sites anterior and inferior to the sinus node region
      during both control and escape depolarizations. Most of the subjects were found
      to have two or more pacemaker sites when maps of all control and postpacing
      conditions were analyzed. The right atrial pacemaker region encompassed a zone of
      7.5 X 1.5 cm centered about the long axis of the sulcus terminalis posteriorly
      and the precaval band anteriorly. An unexpected finding was the participation of
      left atrial escape pacemakers. The functional behavior of both the control and
      escape pacemakers, as assessed by sinus node recovery time, was normal,
      indicating physiologic operation of the extranodal sites as part of an overall
      system of distributed pacemakers involved in the control of rate. Although
      functional assessment was limited in these initial patient studies,
      correspondence with similar observations in extensive previous canine studies
      supports the concept of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in man.

PMID- 3370766
TI  - Monophasic action potentials at discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass:
      evidence for contraction-excitation feedback in man.
AB  - Mechanical dysfunction is the strongest predictor of sudden cardiac death due to
      arrhythmia. Contraction-excitation feedback whereby changes in myocardial
      length/tension influence the time course of repolarization and excitability would
      provide a possible mechanism. Such a relationship has been shown in animals but
      has yet to be demonstrated in man. A useful model for studying this relationship
      is provided by the process of weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass after routine
      coronary artery surgery. During this weaning period of approximately 1 min, the
      heart is converted from being partially empty and flaccid (i.e., a "nonworking"
      state) to being filled and stretched to support the circulation (i.e., a
      "working" state). Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from the left
      ventricular epicardium as a measure of repolarization time in 16 patients at
      discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Systolic pressure was recorded from
      the radial artery line. Measurements were made at three stages that related to
      different dynamic states of the heart: (1) starting to come off bypass
      ("minimally working"), defined as the time of first appearance of an inflection
      on the arterial pressure trace indicating the start of left ventricular ejection
      and valve opening, when arterial pressures represent left ventricular pressure,
      (2) half off bypass ("partially working"), and (3) off bypass ("wholly working").
      During the process of discontinuing bypass MAP duration shortened, while systolic
      pressure increased. MAP duration at 90% and 60% repolarization (MAP D90, MAP D60)
      decreased from 288.0 +/- 29.5 msec (mean +/- SEM) and 235.0 +/- 27.9 msec in the
      minimally working heart to 274.5 +/- 30.2 msec and 224.2 +/- 27.3 msec in the
      partially working heart (p less than .001), with a subsequent decrease to 261.0
      +/- 28.8 and 214.0 +/- 28.7 when the heart was wholly working (p less than .001).
      Systolic pressure increased from 54.1 +/- 9.3 mm Hg in the minimally working
      heart to 65.9 +/- 13.8 mm Hg in the partially working heart (p less than .001)
      and subsequently increased to 75.5 +/- 13.3 mm Hg when the heart was wholly
      working (p less than .001). Mean heart rates did not change significantly. A
      strong correlation was obtained between absolute MAP duration and systolic
      pressure. Regression analysis revealed: MAP D90 vs systolic pressure (p less than
      .001) and MAP D60 vs systolic pressure (p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3370767
TI  - Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and regional dimensions
      during acute alterations in loading conditions.
AB  - Acute pharmacologically mediated parallel shifts in the left ventricular
      diastolic pressure-volume relation may be due to the restraining effect of the
      pericardium and/or leftward displacement of the interventricular septum. The
      existence and cause of this phenomenon in the right ventricle has not been
      studied in animals or in man. Accordingly, we altered right ventricular pressure
      with intravenous phenylephrine (0.2 to 0.3 mg) and nitroprusside (0.5 to 1.5
      micrograms/kg/min) to achieve three disparate peak right ventricular pressures in
      nine normal subjects after partial autonomic blockade with atropine (1 mg) and
      propranolol (0.15 mg/kg). Simultaneous high-fidelity right ventricular pressures
      and biplane cineventriculographic volumes were acquired during the three
      resultant loading conditions. Right atrial pacing maintained heart rate constant
      at each pressure level. Peak right ventricular systolic pressure (23 +/- 3 vs 31
      +/- 9 vs 45 +/- 6 mm Hg, all p less than .01) and right ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure (4 +/- 2 vs 8 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 3 mm Hg, all p less than .01) were
      significantly different at low, medium, and high loading conditions,
      respectively. Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations were, in
      parallel, shifted upward with altered loading in each patient. This was manifest
      by an unchanged dynamic chamber stiffness constant and a significant increase in
      the diastolic pressure volume y intercept at each load (1.98 +/- 2.21 vs 5.33 +/-
      5.39 vs 8.51 +/- 3.99 mm Hg, p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370768
TI  - Diagnosis of right ventricular involvement in chronic inferior myocardial
      infarction by means of body surface QRS changes.
AB  - ST segment elevation in right precordial leads is thought to be good predictor of
      right ventricular involvement in patients with acute inferior myocardial
      infarction. This view, however, is rapidly disappearing. Therefore, using QRS
      changes in body surface potential maps in the chronic phase, we have attempted to
      differentiate patients with or without right ventricular involvement. Thirty
      patients with chronic inferior myocardial infarction (2 or more months after
      onset) were studied, in whom 87 unipolar ECGs and right ventriculograms were
      recorded. The patients were then divided into three groups depending on the
      locations of their abnormal QRS potentials (-2SD area) exceeding the normal range
      (mean -2SD). In group A, the -2SD area was located predominantly on the right
      inferior chest, in group B on the left inferior chest, and in group N on both the
      right and left inferior chests equally. The results showed that group A had a
      lower right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) compared with group B (A, 40 +/-
      7%; B, 53 +/- 10%; p less than .001), while there was no difference in left
      ventricular ejection fraction between the two groups (49 +/- 11% and 49 +/- 11%,
      respectively). Moreover, right ventricular asynergy occurred in 14 of the 18
      patients (78%) of group A but in only one of the 10 patients (10%) of group B.
      Group N was presumed to be intermediate between groups A and B.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370769
TI  - Procainamide infusion test: inability to identify patients with Wolff-Parkinson
      White syndrome who are potentially at risk of sudden death.
AB  - Persistence of preexcitation in sinus rhythm with procainamide infusion has been
      reported to occur in patients with a short anterograde accessory pathway
      effective refractory period (AERPAP) and this test has been proposed as a
      reliable noninvasive method to identify patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome who are at risk of sudden death. However, sudden death correlates best
      with a shortest preexcited RR interval during atrial fibrillation (SRRPE) of 260
      msec or less. We infused 10 to 12 mg/kg procainamide to 56 patients to determine
      whether persistence or loss of preexcitation in sinus rhythm identified patients
      with SRRPEs of 260 or less or greater than 260 msec, respectively. Atrial
      fibrillation was induced in 53 patients. Of these, 32 patients had persistence of
      preexcitation with procainamide infusion and SRRPE in this group of patients was
      shorter than that in patients in whom preexcitation was lost (194 +/- 44 vs 235
      +/- 55 msec, p less than .05). However, preexcitation persisted after
      procainamide infusion in only 31 of 46 (67%) patients with SRRPEs of 260 msec or
      less. Furthermore, 15 of 21 patients who lost preexcitation had SRRPEs of 260
      msec or less and two of these patients had a history of ventricular fibrillation.
      The correlation between AERPAP and SRRPE was studied in a separate group of 79
      patients with single accessory pathways. There was a significant (p less than
      .001) but poor (r = .58) correlation between these two variables. Thus, the
      procainamide test regarding accessory pathway refractoriness often cannot be
      extrapolated to SRRPE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370770
TI  - Wideband external pulse recording during cuff deflation: a new technique for
      evaluation of the arterial pressure pulse and measurement of blood pressure.
AB  - Analysis of the external brachial pulse recorded during standard blood pressure
      cuff deflation with use of a transducer with a wide frequency response has
      revealed a reproducible pattern with three distinct components that we have
      labeled K1, K2, and K3. K1 is a low-amplitude, low-frequency signal that is
      present with cuff pressures above systolic pressure. K2 is a triphasic signal
      appearing at systolic pressure and disappearing at diastolic pressure, which
      approximately corresponds to the audible Korotkoff sound. K3 appears with cuff
      pressure between systolic and diastolic pressure and continues to be present
      below diastolic pressure. Intra-arterial pressure recordings made with a high
      fidelity Millar catheter-tip manometer revealed K2 and K3 analogs. K3 resembles
      the intra-arterial pressure waveform and when calibrated according to the pulse
      pressure, noninvasive dK3/dt determinations correlated well with intra-arterial
      dP/dt measurements. The appearance/disappearance property of K2 was designated as
      the "K2 algorithm" and represents a new, objective noninvasive method for
      measurement of blood pressure. The K2 algorithm compares favorably with intra
      arterial measurements, is more accurate than the auscultatory technique, and may
      be especially useful in clinical situations in which the auscultatory technique
      does not work well.

PMID- 3370771
TI  - Diagnostic value of the ratio of recovery systolic blood pressure to peak
      exercise systolic blood pressure for the detection of coronary artery disease.
AB  - It has been previously reported that at treadmill exercise testing an abnormal
      ratio of recovery systolic blood pressure (SBP) to peak exercise SBP is more
      sensitive than exercise-induced angina or ST segment depression for diagnosing
      coronary artery disease (CAD). To investigate whether the SBP ratio keeps its
      diagnostic value during upright bicycle exercise, we evaluated the ratio of
      postexercise SBP to peak SBP in 73 patients with angiographically documented CAD
      and in 48 patients with normal coronary arteries (OV group) undergoing maximal
      stress testing on a bicycle ergometer. Three minutes after exercise ended, SBP
      ratio was significantly higher in the CAD than in the OV group (0.79 +/- 0.1 vs
      0.71 +/- 0.08; p less than .001). Setting the upper normal limits of the recovery
      SBP ratio at 2 SDs from the mean for the OV group (SBP ratio = 0.98 and 0.88 at 1
      and 3 min after exercise, respectively), with an increase or no change in SBP
      ratio at between 1 and 3 min of recovery considered an abnormal response, the
      sensitivity of SBP ratio was 30%, the specificity was 83%, and the accuracy was
      51%. The respective values for ST depression were 81% (p less than .0001 vs SBP
      ratio), 48% (p less than .001 vs SBP ratio), and 67% (p less than .01 vs SBP
      ratio). Thus, for bicycle ergometer exercise testing, ST segment depression seems
      to be more accurate than SBP ratio in diagnosing CAD.

PMID- 3370772
TI  - Recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis: compliance by dental
      general practitioners.
AB  - Telephone interviews were conducted with a national sample of general practice
      dentists (n = 460). Clinical vignettes were used to test clinicians' knowledge
      of, and compliance with, the 1984 American Heart Association (AHA)
      recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Analyses of the data
      document a relatively low level of knowledge of correct indications and regimens
      for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis. Respondents were unsure, and
      often incorrect, about the relationship between a variety of cardiac conditions
      and potential risk for endocarditis. Compliance with the guidelines for proper
      dosage and timing of antibiotics was also problematic. Those clinicians who had a
      better understanding of patient risk factors and the principles underlying the
      AHA recommendations were more likely to follow them, as were practitioners who
      kept a copy of the recommendations in the office. The findings are significant in
      view of previous suggestions that use of inappropriate antibiotic regimens may
      predispose to adverse outcomes.

PMID- 3370773
TI  - Midterm results after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the
      great arteries with intact ventricular septum: clinical, hemodynamic,
      echocardiographic, and electrophysiologic data.
AB  - Although the short-term results of atrial level repair of transposition of the
      great arteries (TGA) are satisfactory, longer follow-up has disclosed a
      significant incidence of systemic right ventricular dysfunction and rhythm
      disturbances. The arterial switch operation (ASO) may represent a major
      improvement by restoring the left ventricle as the systemic ventricle and
      avoiding extensive atrial surgery. We have prospectively evaluated 49 consecutive
      survivors of ASO for TGA with intact ventricular septum (IVS) by clinical
      examination, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, ambulatory
      electrocardiographic monitoring, and invasive electrophysiologic studies. The
      mean length of follow-up has been 29 +/- 14 (SD) months after surgery. All
      children are currently asymptomatic and on no medications. Severe supravalvular
      pulmonary stenosis (greater than 60 mm Hg) was present in five children, all of
      whom have undergone reoperation. No patient has severe supravalvular aortic
      obstruction. Mild degrees of supravalvular pulmonary or aortic obstruction have
      not progressed. Seven children (14%) have trivial or mild aortic regurgitation.
      Two children have proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery with adequate retrograde collateral perfusion. One child had an
      electrocardiographic pattern of inferior myocardial infarction without evidence
      of ventricular dysfunction. Systemic (left) ventricular function is normal as
      measured by end-diastolic pressure (mean 7 +/- 6 mm Hg), ejection fraction (mean
      68 +/- 6%), end-diastolic volume (mean 101 +/- 22% of predicted normal), and
      cardiac index (mean 4.7 +/- 1.3 liters/min/m2). Only one patient has sinus node
      dysfunction. There have been no late deaths. These early results are encouraging.
      We conclude that the arterial switch operation is currently the procedure of
      choice for neonates with TGA and IVS.

PMID- 3370774
TI  - Cryosurgical ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentry: histologic localization
      of the proximal common pathway.
AB  - A method using cryosurgery has been previously described to selectively ablate
      atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia while preserving intact
      atrioventricular conduction. The purpose of the present study was to define the
      histologic features of the cryolesions in relationship to the specialized
      conduction system. In 12 adult dogs a series of nine discrete cryolesions was
      placed along the perimeter of the triangle of Koch while continuously monitoring
      the His bundle electrogram. All animals survived the operation and maintained
      intact atrioventricular conduction. At 14 weeks after surgery the hearts were
      sectioned and examined. In all 12 animals there was a confluent mass of dense
      fibrous tissue present in the lower atrial septum that was in immediate proximity
      to but did not involve the atrioventricular node-His bundle. The ablation of
      perinodal tissue with preservation of the specialized conduction system with the
      use of this cryosurgical technique was confirmed. It is likely that the
      cryoablated perinodal tissue represents the proximal common pathway of the
      circuit for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia.

PMID- 3370775
TI  - Identification of ventricular tachycardia with use of the morphology of the
      endocardial electrogram.
AB  - Currently available antitachycardia devices rely primarily on timing information
      to define abnormal rhythms. It would be useful to have more specific means of
      automatically identifying pathologic tachycardias. Using unfiltered (0.04 to 500
      Hz bandpass) recordings made during electrophysiologic testing in 10 patients
      with ventricular tachycardia (VT), we studied the differences in electrogram
      morphology during sinus rhythm and VT. Signals were digitized at 1 kHz. A
      template of a normal sinus rhythm electrogram was created for each patient by
      averaging five sinus complexes from the beginning of each study. Ten sinus
      electrograms just before the onset of VT and 10 electrograms during stable
      monomorphic VT were compared with this template. The difference in morphology
      between a given electrogram and its template was quantitated by superimposing the
      two signals and measuring the area between the curves. There was no overlap in
      the ranges of these "area of the difference" measurements between sinus and VT
      electrograms from any of the 10 patients studied, including four with
      intraventricular conduction disturbances. In contrast, discrete features of the
      signal, including peak amplitude and maximum dV/dt, did not reliably
      differentiate sinus from VT electrograms. Bandpass filtering, sample window size,
      and digitizing rate were manipulated to determine the minimal signal content
      necessary for the area of difference method to reliably identify VT. These
      interventions suggest that the low-frequency far-field portion of the signal is
      primarily responsible for the morphologic differences between sinus and VT
      electrograms. In conclusion, the morphology of VT electrograms in man is
      consistently and distinctly different from the morphology of sinus
      electrograms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370776
TI  - Magnesium suppression of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias induced by cesium in dogs.
AB  - The mechanism by which magnesium therapy suppresses some ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias characterized by a prolonged QT interval (e.g., torsades de
      pointes) is unknown. Since early afterdepolarizations have been proposed as a
      cause of the long QT syndrome and the related ventricular tachyarrhythmias, we
      hypothesized that magnesium therapy would suppress both the early
      afterdepolarizations and the ventricular arrhythmias. The present study was
      performed to test that hypothesis. Using monophasic action potentials (MAP)
      recorded with a contact electrode from the right ventricular endocardium to
      demonstrate early afterdepolarizations, cesium chloride (168 mg/kg iv) was
      administered before, during, and 1 to 2 hr after discontinuation of a magnesium
      infusion (1 to 2 mg/kg/min for 20 to 30 min). Before magnesium infusion, cesium
      induced early afterdepolarizations that were 49.7 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SE) of the
      amplitude of the corresponding monophasic action potential. The amplitude of the
      early afterdepolarization decreased to 31.2 +/- 3.8% of the MAP amplitude during
      magnesium infusion (p less than .003) and increased to 48.0 +/- 4.0% 1 to 2 hr
      after termination of the magnesium infusion (p less than .003). Cesium induced
      sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, or
      ventricular fibrillation in 12 of 13 dogs before magnesium infusion, and in eight
      of 11 dogs 1 to 2 hr after stopping infusion, but in only three of 13 dogs during
      magnesium infusion. Cesium prolonged the corrected QT interval from 338 +/- 16
      msec (control) to 387 +/- 14 msec before (p less than .003), 356 +/- 12 msec
      during (p less than .003), and 406 +/- 16 msec after stopping the magnesium
      infusion (p less than .003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370777
TI  - Effect of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion on pacing
      induced myocardial ischemia in domestic swine.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that pressure-controlled intermittent coronary
      sinus occlusion (PICSO) would be useful in ameliorating myocardial ischemia under
      conditions characterized by preserved, but reduced (relative to demand),
      myocardial blood flow. Studies were conducted in closed-chest, sedated domestic
      swine prepared with an artificial stenosis that reduced luminal diameter of the
      animal's left anterior descending coronary artery by 80%. Measurements of
      hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, and oxygen, lactate, and nucleoside
      metabolism were obtained in 10 animals (1) before placement of stenosis, (2) 30
      min after insertion of stenosis, (3) after 30 and 60 min of PICSO, and (4) 30 min
      after discontinuation of PICSO. Two groups of control animals were studied to
      observe the natural history of metabolic markers of ischemia. Control group I
      consisted of four animals studied concurrently and subjected to the same protocol
      except for the fact that PICSO was not applied. Control group II consisted of
      eight additional animals studied as a group. A specially designed balloon-tipped
      catheter positioned in the proximal portion of the animal's great cardiac vein
      was used to provide PICSO. Heart rate was controlled by atrial pacing (rate, 145
      beats/min) through the study. After placement of the stenosis, flow in
      endocardial and transmural layers distal to the stenosis declined significantly
      (p less than .01) vs control. Application of PICSO failed to increase arterial
      inflow distal to the stenosis in any myocardial layer. Myocardial aerobic
      metabolism was adversely affected by stenosis and changed from consumption of
      lactate, inosine, and hypoxanthine before stenosis to production at 30 min after
      stenosis. Although PICSO was associated with reduced production and a return
      toward consumption of lactate, inosine, and hypoxanthine, a similar pattern of
      changes in lactate, inosine, and hypoxanthine metabolism was observed in control
      animals over a comparable period of time. In addition, regional myocardial oxygen
      extraction and consumption were not changed vs poststenosis levels by PICSO.
      However, in comparison with controls, PICSO did accelerate the rate of resolution
      of myocardial ischemia as assessed by lactate metabolism. At 30 min of PICSO (or
      sham) the change vs poststenosis was +33.6 +/- 25.0 mumol/min/100 g in the PICSO
      but only +6.7 +/- 29.7 in the control group (p = .05). We conclude, therefore,
      that even though PICSO did not alter the final level of myocardial ischemia under
      conditions modeled in this study it did accelerate its rate of resolution, an
      effect that may be beneficial clinically.

PMID- 3370779
TI  - Position statement. Physicians' Health Study report on aspirin. American Heart
      Association.

PMID- 3370778
TI  - Serial changes in left ventricular relaxation and chamber stiffness after large
      myocardial infarction in rats.
AB  - To determine the time course of changes in left ventricular diastolic properties
      after a large myocardial infarction, we serially measured left ventricular
      relaxation, chamber stiffness, and the ratio of left ventricular cavity to wall
      volume (V/VW) after coronary artery ligation in rats. Left ventricular relaxation
      was measured during the occlusion and then both relaxation and chamber stiffness
      were measured at 3 hr, 24 hr, and 3, 5, and more than 22 days after infarction.
      Left ventricular pressures and left ventricular dP/dt were recorded with
      micromanometer-tipped catheters. Left ventricular relaxation was measured by
      computer digitization of the left ventricular pressure tracings and averaged over
      100 to 150 cardiac cycles. Five chamber stiffness constants were calculated from
      pressure-volume curves that were obtained ex vivo. We found ventricular
      relaxation prolonged for the first hour after coronary occlusion; relaxation was
      maximally prolonged at 10 to 15 min after onset of occlusion. After 1 hr
      relaxation returned to normal. However, by 5 days ventricular relaxation was
      again prolonged. Left ventricular stiffness constants were increased at 3 and 24
      hr, resulting in a shift of the left ventricular pressure-volume relation to the
      left. At 3 days after coronary artery ligation, all stiffness constants and the
      pressure-volume relation returned to normal. At more than 22 days the pressure
      volume relation was shifted to the right and the stiffness constant for low
      filling pressures was decreased. V/VW was significantly decreased from 0.603 +/-
      0.021 at 3 and 24 hr to 0.379 +/- 0.024 and 0.362 +/- 0.032, respectively. V/VW
      was significantly increased at more than 22 days (0.921 +/- 0.094).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370780
TI  - Tissue renin-angiotensin system: physiologic and pharmacologic implications.
      Introduction.

PMID- 3370781
TI  - Tissue renin-angiotensin system: physiologic and pharmacologic implications. New
      York, New York, May 17, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3370782
TI  - Units for peptide hormones.

PMID- 3370783
TI  - More about determination of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in urine
      without pretreatment of samples.

PMID- 3370784
TI  - Quantification of glycosylated hemoglobin by binding of inositol hexaphosphate.

PMID- 3370786
TI  - Lack of interference by therapeutic concentrations of Inocor (amrinone lactate)
      in the TDx assay for digoxin.

PMID- 3370785
TI  - Salicylate poisoning detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 3370787
TI  - Concentration of laminin in serum related to the degree of esophageal varices in
      fibrotic liver diseases.

PMID- 3370789
TI  - Therapeutic drug monitoring in the management of depression: clinical and
      methodological issues. A conference. Dallas, TX, October 30-31, 1987.
      Proceedings.

PMID- 3370788
TI  - Fingerprick cholesterol testing with the "Reflotron".

PMID- 3370790
TI  - The changing epidemiology of depression.
AB  - At the clinical level, we have seen the emergence of a subspecialty of affective
      disorders within psychiatry. Mood clinics, depression units, and affective
      disorders centers are appearing in many academic and clinical settings, where
      clinical skill and knowledge can be concentrated and new research furthered. By
      using structured interviews and the newer diagnostic systems, systematic
      evaluation of patients has contributed to improved care. Greater skill in
      psychopharmacology and in specialized psychotherapeutic techniques has resulted
      in reduction of hospitalization and rates for depression, shortened duration of
      illness, and, in some instances, reports of reduction in suicide attempts and
      suicide deaths.

PMID- 3370791
TI  - Medicolegal alcohol determination: Widmark revisited.
AB  - Several concepts and principles advanced by Widmark over 50 years ago are briefly
      compared with results of recently published experimental work. His conclusions-
      that breath alcohol analysis can lead to overestimates of actual blood alcohol
      concentration, and that +/- 2 standard deviations about the average should be
      used to estimate certain pharmacokinetic parameters for medicolegal alcohol
      determinations--are supported by these more-recent experimental results.

PMID- 3370792
TI  - Creatine kinase MB in cases of skeletal muscle trauma.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients admitted through our emergency room with severe skeletal
      muscle injury but no obvious cardiac contusions were evaluated for creatine
      kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB). When such patients show an above-normal value for
      total CK, it is a question of whether or not myocardial injury has been sustained
      along with skeletal muscle injury when (a) there are no obvious chest contusions
      or (b) the patient is unconscious and unable to complain of chest pain. Whenever
      there is doubt concerning the cardiac status of a patient, lactate dehydrogenase
      (LD) isoenzymes, serial electrocardiograms, and CK isoenzymes are ordered. Our
      study revealed that serum of 8.6% of the trauma victims had CK-MB values
      exceeding 5.0 EU/L (reflecting abnormal CK-MB concentrations) as part of their
      increased total CK. All patients had normal electrocardiographic patterns along
      with negative results for LD isoenzymes; none had sustained any demonstrable
      myocardial injury. The CK-MB value must be interpreted together with the total CK
      value for appropriate diagnosis in patients with skeletal muscle trauma.

PMID- 3370793
TI  - Determination of lamellar body size, number density, and concentration by
      differential light scattering from amniotic fluid: physical significance of A650.
AB  - A new method for characterizing amniotic fluid is presented. The difference in
      optical absorbance between amniotic fluid diluted with distilled water or
      glycerol is measured. This differential approach is shown to determine the total
      light scattered by the surfactant-containing lamellar bodies and not to be
      affected by interfering chromogens. The lamellar body size, number density, and
      concentration are in turn quantified from the wavelength dependence of the
      absorbance difference, which is shown to be accurately predicted by light
      scattering theory in the domain of "anomalous diffraction." The concentration of
      the lamellar bodies is demonstrated to be directly related to the absorbance
      difference at 650 nm. A maturity criterion, based on that generally accepted for
      the direct measurement of absorbance at 650 nm (that is, A650 greater than or
      equal to 0.15), is determined for the differential approach. Hence, measurement
      of the absorbance difference at 650 nm can be used to assess amniotic fluid both
      for its optical absorbance and its lamellar body concentration.

PMID- 3370794
TI  - Autoantibodies to thyroxin and triiodothyronine.
AB  - Two clinically euthyroid patients with multinodular goiter were found to have
      high "free" thyroxin (Amerlex-M, Amersham and Coat-a-Count, DPC) and
      triiodothyronine (Amerlex-M) concentrations (FT4 and FT3, respectively). The
      presence of antibodies to T4 and T3 was confirmed by the finding that
      polyethylene glycol precipitated a far greater proportion of radioactivity when
      radiolabeled FT4 or FT3 analog (Amerlex-M) was incubated with serum from these
      patients than was true for normal subjects. With this method we could not
      demonstrate antibodies to thyroid hormones in 116 healthy volunteers. Of 101
      hyperthyroid patients tested, one had antibodies to T4 but none had antibodies to
      T3. One patient had antibodies to T4, and one to T3, of 36 hypothyroid patients
      tested. All patients with thyroid hormone antibodies also demonstrated
      antithyroglobulin antibodies (measured immunoradiometrically). Evidently, the
      presence of thyroid hormone antibodies should be suspected when results of
      thyroid-function tests are discordant with the clinical state, and we suggest
      that measurement of thyrotropin by an assay with improved detection limits will
      aid in correctly determining thyroid status.

PMID- 3370795
TI  - Results for 74 substances tested for interference with determination of plasma
      catecholamines by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with electrochemical
      detection.
AB  - Various catecholamine metabolites, catecholamine-related compounds, catechols,
      drugs, amines, and other nitrogen compounds were injected onto an HPLC system
      ("ClinRep Catecholamine-Plasma" assay kit with a reversed-phase C18 column) used
      for measuring catecholamines. None of the 74 substances tested co-eluted with any
      of the catecholamines--norepinephrine, epinephrine, or dopamine--or with the
      internal standard, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine.

PMID- 3370796
TI  - Six direct radioimmunoassays of estradiol evaluated.
AB  - We evaluated the analytical performance of six commercial direct
      radioimmunoassays of 17 beta-estradiol, those from Radioassay Systems
      Laboratories, IRE Medgenix, Biotecx Laboratories, Farmos Spectria, International
      CIS, and Diagnostic Products Corp. The mean value for estradiol (E2) and the
      within- and between-run CVs were determined for serum pools and control
      materials, measured in seven to 10 runs with each method. Mean values for E2 in
      pooled sera deviated by 75% to 350% from the means measured with our routinely
      used extraction method. Between-run CVs ranged from 4% to 14% for the direct
      assays as compared with 10% for the extraction assay. We also investigated, for
      two of the direct assays, the effect of extraction with diethyl ether before
      radioimmunoassay, with respect to improvement in the agreement with our
      extraction method. All of the assays were easy to perform and results were
      obtained within 4-5 h, but we conclude that matrix effects may be expected in
      direct assays of estradiol.

PMID- 3370797
TI  - Lack of effect of warfarin on uric acid concentration.
AB  - Uric acid concentrations reportedly are increased in patients being treated with
      warfarin. We measured uric acid in 40 patients before and during warfarin
      administration. The mean pre- and post-warfarin uric acid concentrations for our
      patients were 0.39 mmol/L and 0.40 mmol/L, respectively, not a significant
      difference. Further observations of hyperuricemic patients started on warfarin
      are needed to prove that their risk of gout is not increased.

PMID- 3370798
TI  - Excretion of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors in human urine is a
      function of urine flow rate.
AB  - We studied the effect of varying water and salt intake on the renal excretion of
      endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF). DLIF were measured in
      human urine and serum by competitive displacement of 125I-labeled digoxin from
      anti-digoxin antibodies. Diuresis was selectively induced in normal healthy
      humans by acute water ingestion, and natriuresis was preferentially induced by
      acute saline ingestion. We found the amount of endogenous immunoreactivity
      excreted in urine to be correlated with urine flow rate but not with urinary
      sodium excretion. Urinary excretion of DLIF, normalized to creatinine, was 3.6
      fold greater at a urine flow rate of 5.5 mL/min than at 0.5 mL/min. On the other
      hand, saline intake increased urine flow rate 1.9-fold and increased sodium
      excretion threefold, but did not affect urinary excretion of DLIF. Fractional
      excretion of DLIF was linearly related to fractional excretion of water. This
      study demonstrates that normalization of DLIF values to urinary creatinine does
      not make DLIF excretion independent of urine flow rate and underscores the need
      for information on urine flow rate when DLIF measurements in urine are being
      interpreted.

PMID- 3370800
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of free and total 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol
      and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine.
AB  - We describe the conjoint measurement in urine of the alcoholic catecholamine
      metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
      (MHPG). The method involves extraction with ethyl acetate and back-extraction
      into acetic acid (MHPG), followed by adsorption onto alumina (DHPG). The
      separation is performed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with column
      switching and amperometric detection. Total (free plus conjugated) compounds are
      determined after a 24-h enzymatic hydrolysis. Twelve-hour excretion values for
      normal and hypertensive subjects are given, together with results obtained for
      patients with pheochromocytoma, chemodectoma, and congenital dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase deficiency. The assay is sensitive, reproducible, and free of
      interferences, and may lead to a better understanding of overall catecholamine
      metabolism in health and disease.

PMID- 3370799
TI  - A user evaluation of four Kodak Ektachem slide assays.
AB  - Evaluations of magnesium, theophylline, creatinine, and creatine kinase isoenzyme
      MB assays by the Kodak Ektachem multilayer-film technique are reported.

PMID- 3370801
TI  - Development and evaluation of an automated dye-binding assay for protein in
      cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent
      equalizes the binding variability of the dye to various proteins and markedly
      improves the accuracy of quantification of protein in cerebrospinal fluid. In the
      presence of SDS, the absorption spectrum and the absorption maximum are affected
      by reaction time and temperature, age of the dye preparation, and protein
      constituent. I automated this procedure, to optimize precision, enable use of a
      smaller sample, decrease hands-on time, maintain consistency in the time of
      reading, and avoid carryover. The results (y) compared well with those of the aca
      (x), with a Deming de-biased regression equation of y = 0.991x + 14.1 mg/L, Sy.x
      = 33.4 mg/L. The within-run and between-run precision (CV) was less than 2.5% and
      less than 4.5%, respectively. Commonly used antibiotics, flucytosine, or
      amphotericin B do not interfere. This automated procedure is fast and accurate
      and requires only 10 microL of sample.

PMID- 3370802
TI  - One-step, high-yield purification of human prostatic acid phosphatase from
      seminal fluid by gel-filtration HPLC under nondenaturing conditions.
AB  - This is a fast, efficient method for purification to homogeneity of human
      prostatic acid phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid
      optimum), EC 3.1.3.2], from seminal fluid. Use of a "high-pressure" liquid
      chromatographic gel-filtration column permits high-yield recovery of the purified
      enzyme with most of its enzymatic and immunological activity retained.

PMID- 3370803
TI  - Changes in free thyroxin (FT4) values of Clinical Assays Gammacoat two-step
      assay.

PMID- 3370804
TI  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug interference in TDx assays for abused drugs.

PMID- 3370805
TI  - Increase in plasma cholesterol on subjects' standing correlates with the increase
      in plasma norepinephrine.

PMID- 3370806
TI  - Performance of the Du Pont Analyst Physician's Office Profiler.

PMID- 3370807
TI  - Spurious bicarbonate result with the Kodak Ektachem 700.

PMID- 3370808
TI  - Assessment of INCSTAR's two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) of intact
      parathyrin (PTH).

PMID- 3370809
TI  - Determination of taurine in urine and other biological fluids with the Beckman
      6300 amino acid analyzer.

PMID- 3370811
TI  - Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) of urinary albumin.

PMID- 3370810
TI  - Limitations of a sensitive assay for thyrotropin in managing patients with
      thyroid disease.

PMID- 3370812
TI  - Is the TDx digoxin assay really overestimating?

PMID- 3370813
TI  - Desirable performance standards for assays of serum water and osmolality.

PMID- 3370814
TI  - What do the numbers say?

PMID- 3370815
TI  - Rapid detection of radioisotopically contaminated test serum before radioassay of
      vitamin B12.

PMID- 3370816
TI  - Cyclosporine: assay by HPLC and assay with monoclonal antibodies equivalent?

PMID- 3370817
TI  - Optimization of protein measurement in biological fluids by the dye-binding-SDS
      method.

PMID- 3370818
TI  - Two views on an editorial.

PMID- 3370819
TI  - Combined enzymatic assay of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine in
      amniotic fluid.
AB  - We present here a combined, quantitative enzymatic procedure for determining
      amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine and relate these
      findings to the assessment of fetal lung maturity. Under the assay conditions
      described phospholipase C specifically hydrolyses phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) but not sphingomyelin, precluding the need for removal
      of sphingomyelin prior to analysis. Solvent extraction of the phospholipids from
      the amniotic fluid is, however, employed to avoid spurious elevation of PG and PC
      results by endogenous glycerol and choline. Of 45 amniocentesis fluids examined,
      28 yielded detectable PG concentrations (greater than 0.5 mumol/l) and all but
      three of these exhibited PC concentrations in excess of 10 mumol/l. One case of
      respiratory distress occurred in an infant of 29 wk gestation with severe
      intrauterine growth retardation. Of the remaining 17 fluids in which PG was
      undetected enzymatically (less than or equal to 0.5 mumol/l), 14 also contained
      PC concentrations less than or equal to 10 mumol/l and all six cases of true
      respiratory distress syndrome came from within this sub-group. Strong
      correlations between the PC concentration and the lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio, r
      = 0.85 (p less than 0.001) and the PC and PG concentrations, r = 0.96 (p less
      than 0.001) were also found.

PMID- 3370820
TI  - Altered erythrocyte nucleotide patterns are characteristic of inherited disorders
      of purine or pyrimidine metabolism.
AB  - This paper compares erythrocyte nucleotide levels in patients with eight
      different inherited purine or pyrimidine enzyme defects identified amongst a
      variety of patients referred predominantly for investigation of severe
      neurological abnormalities, or immunodeficiency syndromes. Characteristic
      nucleotide patterns were identified only in the six disorders (four involving
      purine and two pyrimidine metabolism) where there was clinical evidence of
      cellular toxicity. They were frequently related to the accumulation of abnormal
      metabolites in body fluids. These erythrocyte studies have demonstrated the
      following. 1. ATP depletion is not an invariable feature of adenosine deaminase
      (ADA) deficiency, but the accumulation of the deoxyribonucleotides dATP, or dGTP,
      is diagnostic of ADA, or purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency,
      respectively. The early accumulation of dATP in foetal blood is a valuable aid to
      prenatal diagnosis of ADA deficiency. 2. GTP depletion appears to reflect the
      degree of CNS involvement in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and
      PNP deficiency, as well as PP-ribose-P synthetase superactivity. Other diagnostic
      changes involving increased pyrimidine sugars and increased or decreased NAD
      levels, or ZTP in Lesch Nyhan erythrocytes, show no consistent correlation with
      the clinical manifestations. 3. These altered nucleotide levels afford a novel
      means for carrier detection of the X-linked defect associated with aberrant PP
      ribose-P synthetase activity, where no other test is yet available. Measurement
      of erythrocyte nucleotide levels thus provides a simple and rapid aid to
      diagnosis and may sometimes be essential for determining prognosis, carrier
      detection, or monitoring therapy. These characteristic 'fingerprints' may give
      some insight into the mechanism by which the abnormal gene product produces
      disease. Such grossly altered nucleotide levels could also result in loss of
      erythrocyte flexibility, increased destruction and hence the anaemia, or other
      clinical manifestations, observed in some disorders.

PMID- 3370821
TI  - GC and GC-MS procedures for simultaneous phenotyping with dextromethorphan and
      mephenytoin.
AB  - A genetic deficiency in the metabolism of dextromethorphan and mephenytoin may be
      revealed by the excretion pattern of dextromethorphan and its metabolite
      dextrorphan, and mephenytoin, 4-OH-mephenytoin, respectively, after a single dose
      of the test drugs. Existing methods were modified for determining the compounds
      in 0.1-0.5 ml urine samples. No prior derivatization of the compounds was
      necessary before their gaschromatographic or mass-spectrometric analysis by using
      crosslinked 5% phenylmethyl silicone fused silica columns. Seven healthy
      volunteers were phenotyped at weekly intervals with either 25 mg dextromethorphan
      or 100 mg mephenytoin, or both drugs. One subject was a poor metabolizer of
      mephenytoin, while all subjects were extensive metabolizers of dextromethorphan.
      Neither a pharmacokinetic nor an analytical interference was observed when the
      results of the single test were compared with those of the combined test. The
      results of the mephenytoin test were also tentatively given in form of metabolic
      ratios. The GC-MS assay was designed for clinical studies so that patients
      treated with other drugs could be phenotyped.

PMID- 3370822
TI  - Assessment of taurine deficiency in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Bile acid taurine deficiency is common in cystic fibrosis (CF) and is thought to
      be associated with impaired fat absorption. The relationship between the glycine:
      taurine bile acid conjugation ratio (bile acid G/T ratio) and taurine
      concentrations in plasma, urine and leucocytes was examined in 27 CF children
      aged 4-15 yr. The bile acid G/T ratio was elevated in serum in 14 of the 27 and
      in duodenal juice in 5 of 6 children. Subgroups of CF children with elevated and
      normal bile acid G/T ratio and controls (n = 8) all had similar plasma, urine and
      leucocyte taurine concentrations. The results suggest that either taurine
      measurement in plasma, urine and leucocytes does not accurately reflect stores
      elsewhere in CF, or that taurine deficiency is confined to bile acids.

PMID- 3370823
TI  - Optimization of histamine radio enzyme assay with purified histamine-N
      methyltransferase.
AB  - The radio enzyme assay for histamine based on the transmethylation with purified
      histamine-N-methyltransferase and utilizing [3H-methyl]-S-adenosylmethionine as
      the methyl donor has been optimized to measure low histamine concentrations, for
      example in plasma. The pH-optimum for the assay is pH 8.3 in Tris-glycine buffer
      at 20 degrees C. An incubation time of 90 min is necessary using an enzyme
      concentration of 5.8 micrograms/ml. EDTA and dithiothreitol were included in the
      assay to keep the histamine-N-methyltransferase active as agents that oxidize -SH
      groups were found to be inhibitory to the reaction. The present assay is
      sensitive to about 0.5 nmol/l of histamine in a sample volume of 50 microliter
      (about 3 pg/sample).

PMID- 3370824
TI  - Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis using an enzyme linked immunoabsorbent
      assay (ELISA) technique.
AB  - Neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been conducted using conventional
      radioimmunoassay. An alternative immunoassay approach has been developed and
      applied to screening 35,550 newborns. Seventeen confirmed CF infants were
      detected by both assays. This monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay using
      microtitre plate ELISA technology has proved effective in case finding and offers
      a number of advantages. A reduced labour component, ease of handling, use of
      nonradioactive reagents, long reagent shelf-life, greater specificity and a
      reduction in potential sample handling and transposition errors combine to make
      this technology appropriate for a large volume neonatal screening laboratory.

PMID- 3370825
TI  - The characterisation of molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in Hirschsprung's
      disease.
AB  - Aganglionic rectal tissue from patients with Hirschsprung's disease contains four
      forms of acetylcholinesterase; the major component has a sedimentation
      coefficient in the region of 10.0S. Results from gel filtration confirm these
      findings and, when used in conjunction with the sedimentation data, allow the
      determination of the molecular mass of these forms. The four species of
      acetylcholinesterase include: monomer, G1, 74 kDa dimer, G2, 131 kDa; tetramer
      G4, 275 kDa and an asymmetric form, A12, 811 kDa. Evidence is provided which
      shows that the major form, G4 interacts with the detergent Triton X-100.
      Selective measurement of G4-AChE using a suitable assay may provide the basis for
      improving the existing means of diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 3370826
TI  - A simple fluorometric method for the determination of serum free carnitine.
AB  - A new fluorometric method for the determination of serum free carnitine is
      described. The addition of carnitine to a system containing carnitine
      acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) and acetyl-CoA gives rise to the formation of CoA.
      The system is coupled to N-(p-(2-benzimidazolyl)-phenyl)-maleimide (BIPM). A
      fluorescent agent, CoA-BIPM, is produced proportionally to concentration of
      carnitine. By measuring the fluorescence intensity of BIPM, the carnitine content
      of serum can be determined. The coefficients of variation, within-run and between
      run, of the method were 5.2 and 2.6%, respectively. Recovery of carnitine added
      to serum was 98-113%. Comparison with a colorimetric method showed a good
      correlation (r greater than 0.90). The method has sufficient sensitivity to
      measure concentrations as low as 10 mumol/l.

PMID- 3370827
TI  - Improved purification of human liver alkaline phosphatase by phenyl-Sepharose
      column chromatography.

PMID- 3370828
TI  - Changes in serum protein characteristics of type I and type II muscle fibers
      after 400-m sprint.

PMID- 3370829
TI  - Decreased serum cholesteryl-ester transfer activity in a patient with familial
      hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3370830
TI  - Characterization of an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.
AB  - A case of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a 4.5-yr-old boy is
      described. A pedigree of the family, enzyme activities and kinetic data of the
      enzyme in the propositus and the carriers of the defect are presented. The amount
      of enzyme in the patient was about 2% of that in healthy subjects and correlated
      well with the amount of immunoreactive protein. Our data indicate that the
      patient's enzyme is not affected in its catalytic properties, but is made in far
      reduced amounts.

PMID- 3370831
TI  - A rapid electrochemical assay of lecithin in amniotic fluid using a fluoride ion
      sensitive electrode.
AB  - An electrochemical method is described for the determination of lecithin in rat
      and human amniotic fluid. Choline is released from lecithin enzymatically by
      phospholipase D and the hydrogen peroxide released by the action of choline
      oxidase is quantitatively determined by peroxidase-catalyzed rupture of the
      covalent C-F bond of 4-fluorophenol. The concentration of F- ions in solutions is
      determined by a fluoride sensitive electrode from the resulting cell potential
      difference recorded before and 10 min after addition of a solution containing
      phospholipase D, choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Lecithin levels in
      rat amniotic fluid increased from about 10 mumol/l on the 20th day of gestation
      to 80 mumol/l on day 21, which corresponds to the time of spontaneous delivery.
      In human amniotic fluid the lecithin concentrations determined with this new
      method parallel those already reported. They were approximately 10 to 50 mumol/l
      between the 15th and 18th weeks of gestation and increased from 5- to 7-fold
      between the 37th and 41st weeks of pregnancy. This method was only slightly
      influenced by the presence of blood or meconium contamination in the amniotic
      fluid.

PMID- 3370832
TI  - Direct quantitation of serum high density lipoprotein subfractions separated by
      gradient gel electrophoresis.
AB  - This report describes the densitometric quantitation of the two main HDL
      subfractions separated by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gradient gel, HDLS
      (mean apparent diameter 9.3 nm) and HDLL (mean apparent diameter 10.6 nm). The
      electrophoresis was carried out in a linear gradient of polyacrylamide ranging
      from 23 to 180 g/l on total sera prestained for lipid components by Sudan black B
      in ethylene glycol. HDL subfractions were quantified by scanning the gels at 633
      nm with a laser densitometer. The precision was checked by intra-assay and
      between-assay studies (coefficient of variation 1.2 and 2.9%, respectively). The
      results were compared with the cholesterol content of HDL subfractions (r = 0.99)
      and with the HDL2:HDL3 distribution (r = 0.95). Reference values were obtained
      from a population of 214 normolipidemic subjects. They were in good agreement
      with those already published for HDL2 and HDL3. The method which needs only 4
      microliter of serum, can be set up with currently available apparatus and is
      compatible with large series of samples, should allow large scale explorations of
      the variation of HDL subfraction distribution in normal and pathological
      populations.

PMID- 3370833
TI  - Urinary albumin excretion in healthy adult subjects: reference values and some
      factors affecting their interpretation.
AB  - A conventional radioimmunoassay has been used to measure urinary albumin
      concentration in overnight, recumbent and daytime, ambulant samples from 127
      healthy, normotensive volunteers (mean age 33.3 yr SD 12.4; 59 males, 68
      females). Reference values were obtained for urine albumin concentration (mg/l),
      albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol), and albumin excretion rate (microgram/min).
      The frequency distributions of these variables were positively skewed, but became
      Gaussian on logarithmic transformation of the data. Albumin excretion was
      significantly higher in daytime, ambulant samples than in overnight, recumbent
      samples (p less than 0.001). Surface area was not correlated with urine albumin
      concentration but it was negatively correlated with urine albumin/creatinine
      ratio (p less than 0.05) due to the association between surface area and
      creatinine excretion. Urine albumin concentration was negatively correlated with
      age, but this was due to a higher urine flow rate in older subjects. There was no
      significant association with sex or with mean arterial blood pressure in the
      normal range. Two repeated measurements showed that variability was high and
      comparable for urine albumin concentration, albumin/creatinine ratio and albumin
      excretion rate: it was not significantly less in overnight, recumbent than in day
      time, ambulant samples.

PMID- 3370834
TI  - The presence and molecular forms of cardiodilatin immunoreactivity in the human
      and rat right atrium.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for cardiodilatin,
      the N-terminal peptide sequence of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
      prohormone. Cardiodilatin-immunoreactivity (-IR) concentrations in the human
      right atrial appendage were found to correlate with ANP-IR concentrations,
      determined by an established radioimmunoassay, (cardiodilatin-IR = 13.2 +/- 1.2
      nmol/g, ANP-IR = 19.8 +/- 2.0 nmol/g, r = 0.80, p less than 0.001).
      Characterisation of the cardiodilatin-IR in the human and rat right atrium by gel
      permeation and fast protein liquid chromatography revealed only two cardiodilatin
      IR molecular forms. The larger more hydrophobic form, the majority of the
      cardiodilatin-IR, contained in addition ANP-IR and therefore represents the
      prohormone. The smaller, less hydrophobic form, lacked ANP-IR and thus represents
      the cleaved N-terminal peptide sequence of the prohormone. These findings
      indicate that the prohormone is the major molecular form in the human and rat
      atrium. Furthermore, they demonstrate that a single large N-terminal peptide,
      cardiodilatin, derived from the prohormone, may exist as a distinct molecular
      form in the atrium of these species.

PMID- 3370835
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase levels in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: a more
      sensitive index of hepatocellular damage than aspartate transaminase.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18), a sensitive marker of
      hepatocellular damage, was measured in patients on therapy for histologically
      proven, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis at various stages of the disease. GST
      levels were elevated in 65% of serum samples despite immuno-suppressive treatment
      compared with aspartate transaminase (AST) which was increased in only 23% of
      samples. In 55% of samples with normal AST concentrations, GST was elevated. No
      samples demonstrated abnormal transaminase with normal GST levels. It is
      concluded that continuing hepatocellular damage occurs in patients with
      autoimmune chronic active hepatitis on immuno-suppressive treatment.

PMID- 3370837
TI  - Determination of medium chain fatty acids in serum.
AB  - The determination of medium chain fatty acids in serum is a useful approach of
      the diagnosis of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, an increasingly
      recognized cause of Reye-like syndrome in infants. A reliable and practical
      method requiring 0.5 ml of serum is presented by which results are obtained
      within 2.5 h. The preparation of the samples is done by solid phase extraction on
      reverse phase cartridges, the separation and quantitation by gas chromatography.
      Reference values for children (n = 24) and adults (n = 40) are given for
      octanoic, decanoic and dodecanoic acids.

PMID- 3370838
TI  - Whole blood storage solution for erythrocyte sodium and sodium-lithium
      countertransport rate determination.
AB  - A solution consisting of heparinized and buffered isosmolar magnesium chloride is
      described in which whole blood may be stored for preservation of erythrocyte
      sodium (Na) and membrane sodium-lithium countertransport (Na-Li CT). Correlation
      (r) of fresh versus 24-h stored erythrocytes for Na was 0.990 (y = 0.30 + 0.956x)
      and for Na-Li CT was 0.995 (y = -0.014 + 1.022x). Na-Li CT rate was preserved in
      the storage solution for up to five days and erythrocyte Na concentration for at
      least 24 h. The solution should find application in epidemiological studies of
      erythrocyte Na and Na-Li CT rate in human essential hypertension as the blood
      specimens require no centrifugation or erythrocyte washing procedures prior to
      laboratory analysis.

PMID- 3370836
TI  - Thyroid dysfunction and hypercholesterolaemia in the general population of
      Glasgow, Scotland.
AB  - As part of a screening programme for coronary heart disease risk factors, fasting
      plasma cholesterol was measured in 2,250 people from the east-end of Glasgow.
      Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) was measured in the 90 individuals (4% of the population
      studied) who had a cholesterol level greater than or equal to 8.0 mmol/l. Four
      had unequivocal biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism-TSH greater than 34 mU/l
      and a low plasma thyroxine (T4) less than or equal to 45 nmol/l. A further 8 were
      found to have raised TSH levels suggesting they may have subclinical
      hypothyroidism. These data indicate that thyroid dysfunction may make a
      significant contribution to hypercholesterolaemia in the general population.

PMID- 3370839
TI  - The isolation and identification of indigoid pigments from urine.
AB  - A purple pigment, phyriaviolin, and a blue pigment, phyriaazulin, have been found
      in relatively large amounts in the urine of patients suffering from two diverse
      pathological conditions, porphyria cutanea tarda and Crohn's disease. The two
      pigments have been characterised by chemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic
      studies and identified to be indirubin and indigo (indigotin). Possible reasons
      for their formation are discussed.

PMID- 3370840
TI  - The distinction of bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in serum
      using a monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Out of 31 mouse monoclonal antibodies to human liver and bone ALP, one antibody
      coded BAP 1/9, showing a preference for binding the bone isoenzyme, and one
      antibody coded LAP 1/5, showing no preference, were selected to study binding of
      the serum forms of ALP. Using a plate capture assay format BAP 1/9 showed a 1.8
      fold preference for binding purified bone versus liver ALP in the presence of 10%
      ALP-free serum compared with 2.1- to 2.25-fold preference in buffered salt
      solution. BAP 1/9 showed a preference for binding ALP from serum samples
      containing predominantly bone ALP compared to those containing predominantly
      liver ALP. Using predefined mixtures of serum forms of bone and liver ALP a
      linear relationship between ALP bound to BAP 1/9 and the fraction of bone ALP was
      obtained.

PMID- 3370841
TI  - A monoclonal antibody capture assay for intestinal alkaline phosphatase and the
      measurement of this isoenzyme in pregnancy.
AB  - Intestinal ALP was purified from meconium to a specific activity of 1,100 U/mg
      protein and used as antigen in the preparation of 7 monoclonal antibodies. Two of
      these antibodies were specific for intestinal ALP and reacted with different
      epitopes. Both bound adult intestinal ALP better than fetal intestinal ALP. One
      of these antibodies was used to establish a capture assay for intestinal ALP in
      human serum over the range 0.5-16 U/l. Reference ranges of serum intestinal ALP
      concentrations were established in relation to blood groups. Measurement of
      intestinal ALP in the serum of pregnant women showed no correlation with pre-term
      fetal passage of meconium.

PMID- 3370842
TI  - Fatty acid composition and kinetic behaviour of liver retinyl esters in vitamin A
      sufficient and deficient rats.
AB  - Weanling rats were fed vitamin A deficient diets (-A) or diets supplemented with
      vitamin A (+A) (4.4 mg retinol equivalents/kg diet) for a period of 7 or 6 wk,
      respectively. In liver tissues of these two groups of animals both the
      subcellular localization as well as the fatty acid composition of the retinyl
      esters was studied. During vitamin A supplementation or deprivation, the kinetics
      of the different ester forms were investigated. Results indicate that the
      subcellular localization of all retinyl esters is similar and dependent on age.
      Two pools exist, ie one consisting of the nuclear/cell debris and mitochondrial
      lysosomal fractions and the other containing the microsomal and cytosol
      fractions. HPLC analysis showed retinyl palmitate as the predominating (80%) form
      of the various retinyl esters. By supplementation clearly two kinetic behaviours
      can be demonstrated: one being a relatively stable storage of the palmitate and
      stearate, increasing with time and the second one being a more labile pattern for
      the ester forms with other saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. By vitamin A
      depletion all retinyl esters are affected indicating that the ester forms other
      than palmitate and stearate are also storage forms of vitamin A.

PMID- 3370843
TI  - Analysis of cell surface glycoconjugates in fibroblasts from patients with cystic
      fibrosis.
AB  - Although the basic biochemical defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown,
      previous studies have indicated that errors in protein glycosylation may be
      involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Utilizing human skin fibroblasts,
      the present study was designed to quantitatively analyze glycosylation of cell
      surface glycoconjugates in CF and normal cells. Cell surface glycoconjugates were
      analyzed using 125I-concanavilin A (Con A), 125I-WGA, and Con A-ferritin
      conjugates. Under our binding conditions, Con A was used as a probe for mannose
      residues and WGA was used as a probe for N-acetylglucosamine residues. Saturable
      binding of both probes was observed and appropriate sugar controls confirmed the
      specificity of each lectin. When compared on a DNA basis, iodinated lectin
      binding studies indicated that no consistent differences existed between CF and
      normal strains of human skin fibroblasts. Ultrastructural quantitative
      morphometric analysis of Con A-ferritin conjugate binding indicated that neither
      proteolysis of cell surface glycoconjugates or internalization of lectin probes
      was occurring at saturable binding concentrations. In summary, our results
      indicated that no consistent differences in cell surface mannose and N
      acetylglucosamine residues could be detected between the normal and CF strains of
      human skin fibroblasts used in these studies.

PMID- 3370844
TI  - Presence of activator proteins for the enzymatic degradation of glucosylceramide
      in several human tissues.
AB  - Glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45) protein activators, similar to the 'placental
      factor' previously identified by us in human placenta, have also been found in
      human liver, normal and Gaucher fibroblasts and Gaucher spleen. They stimulate
      enzymatic hydrolysis of the natural substrate, glucosylceramide, but not that of
      the artificial substrate, 4-MU-beta-D-glucopyranoside. They are present in the
      tissues over the minimum amount necessary for full activation of the enzyme and
      must be eliminated from crude enzyme preparations in order to observer their
      effect on glucosylceramidase activity. The factors are not tissue-specific in
      that the factors from any one of the sources can activate glucosylceramidase from
      either placenta or liver. The presence of taurocholate or phosphatidylserine in
      the assay is essential for the factor efficiency. A normal level of the activator
      proteins was found in fibroblasts from subjects affected with Gaucher disease
      type I, type II and type III.

PMID- 3370845
TI  - Role of serum pepsinogen in detecting ulcer disease.

PMID- 3370846
TI  - Vasopressin and sympathetic nervous functions both contribute to development and
      maintenance of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats.
AB  - We evaluated the time course of changes in the relative contribution of arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during the development of
      DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. Intravenous administrations of an AVP antagonist
      (d(CH2)5Tyr(Me) AVP; AVPA) and hexamethonium (C6) were given at 3 and 7 days, and
      2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment with DOCA-salt to conscious and
      unrestrained rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher and heart rate (HR)
      tended to be rapid in the rats on DOCA-salt treatment for over 1 week, compared
      with those of the control groups. The hypotensive effect of AVPA in the DOCA-salt
      treated rats was gradually enhanced with the development of hypertension and was
      significantly greater than in the control rats, at all stages of hypertension,
      including the prehypertensive phase. The depressor response to intravenous C6
      following AVPA also resulted in a gradual enhancement, with time, after DOCA
      treatment. This decrease in MAP was greater at the hypertensive stage than that
      in the control rats, although the response was not significantly different among
      three groups on the 3rd treatment day. It was concluded that the pressor systems
      AVP and SNS may contribute to the initiation and development as well as
      maintenance of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats.

PMID- 3370847
TI  - The influence of potassium and bicarbonate on red blood cell sodium in the DOCA
      hypertensive pig.
AB  - The effects of plasma potassium, and blood bicarbonate on red blood cell sodium
      were studied in vivo in seven pigs implanted subcutaneously with DOCA (100 mg/kg)
      impregnated in Silastic. Mean arterial pressure, red blood cell sodium, plasma
      sodium, plasma potassium, and blood bicarbonate were measured from 5 days pre
      implant to 30 days post-implant. One day post-implant, the pigs had significant
      increases in mean arterial pressure and red cell sodium content, and a
      significant decrease in plasma potassium concentration. In KCl infusion studies
      when plasma potassium was raised an average of 2.13 +/- 0.17 mEq/L, red blood
      cell sodium fell 0.61 +/- 0.10 mEq/L cells. When blood bicarbonate was raised 6.9
      mEq/L by infusing NaHCO3, red blood cell sodium increased 0.79 mEq/L cells. The
      changes in red blood cell sodium were rapid, occurring within one hour after
      either of these plasma electrolyte shifts. We conclude that either plasma
      potassium or blood bicarbonate, or both, can serve as regulators of red blood
      cell sodium content in vivo, and cause the elevated level of red blood cell
      sodium that we have found in the DOCA-hypertensive pig. If these plasma
      electrolyte changes cause a similar increase in intracellular sodium in vascular
      smooth muscle or in a blood pressure regulating center in the brain, they may
      play a role in producing the arterial pressure elevation of mineralocorticoid
      induced hypertension.

PMID- 3370849
TI  - Aspirin sensitivity and recurrent polyposis.

PMID- 3370848
TI  - The anti-hypertensive effect of potassium loading in experimental hypertension: a
      comparison of sheep with other species.
AB  - The anti-hypertensive effect of potassium (K) loading in human essential
      hypertension and several types of experimental hypertension is well established.
      However, the mechanism of the anti-hypertensive effect is not understood. The
      natriuretic effect of a high K intake has lead many to conclude that the blood
      pressure lowering effect of K may be mediated through enhanced sodium (Na)
      excretion leading to negative Na status. Review of the literature suggests that
      the anti-hypertensive effect of K loading, at least in sheep, can not be
      explained simply by changes in Na excretion.

PMID- 3370850
TI  - Idiopathic facial (Bell's) palsy: a clinical survey of prognostic factors.
AB  - Forty-four patients with idiopathic facial (Bell's) palsy were studied. They were
      assessed by the eventual clinical outcome and on this basis 3 groups were formed.
      Various clinical parameters were studied and those factors associated with a poor
      prognosis were identified. The factors of significance include age, initial
      severity of the palsy and the time taken for spontaneous improvement. All other
      parameters fail to show any statistically significant correlation with prognosis.

PMID- 3370851
TI  - The effects of menthol isomers on nasal sensation of airflow.
AB  - The effects of inhalation of L-menthol, D-isomenthol and D-neomenthol, upon nasal
      resistance and sensation to airflow were investigated in 40 subjects. L-menthol
      caused a highly significant enhancement of nasal sensation of airflow but despite
      their great similarity in structure and a similar peppermint smell the isomers D
      isomenthol and D-neomenthol had no effect on nasal sensation of airflow. These
      findings show that L-menthol has a specific pharmacological action on nasal
      sensory nerve endings which is not related to its peppermint smell.

PMID- 3370852
TI  - Hearing loss in the elderly: a 17-year longitudinal study.
AB  - A 5-year longitudinal study into hearing levels of 261 randomly selected elderly
      people was performed between 1968 and 1973. From 47 survivors, 37 subjects have
      been traced and their hearing retested with pure tone audiometry. The age range
      of those followed up was 80-85 years. The results indicate that the rate of
      hearing loss found after 5 years remained the same over the next 12 years. The
      deterioration rate is very much greater for the higher frequencies with losses of
      1.89 dB annually at 6 KHz compared with 0.35 dB per annum for 1 KHz. The findings
      confirm that hearing loss continues steadily into the ninth decade, information
      previously not established.

PMID- 3370853
TI  - Laryngographic investigation of postoperative hoarseness.
AB  - This study investigates postoperative hoarseness by comparing the patient's
      subjective assessment of change in voice following intubation with objective
      measures made using the laryngograph. Twenty-five patients admitted for routine
      surgery were assessed pre- and postoperatively. An Fx histogram was recorded on
      the laryngograph. A linear analogue self-assessment scale was used to quantify
      hoarseness subjectively. The objective measure of hoarseness (spread or standard
      deviation of Fx histogram) correlated well with the patients' subjective
      assessment of hoarseness. Six patients showed a bi- or trimodal histogram
      following intubation. This is known to represent asymmetric muscular activity. It
      is concluded that change in voice following intubation correlates well with the
      measures of vocal fold trauma. These measures can be recorded as the change in
      spread, standard deviation of the Fx histogram. The transient postoperative
      hoarseness following intubation is due to laryngeal damage. This damage has 2
      mechanisms; in most cases it is due to direct mucosal trauma but in other cases a
      deeper muscular damage occurs.

PMID- 3370854
TI  - The inferior turbinate flap for closure of septal perforations.
AB  - In 31 patients a symptomatic septal perforation was repaired using an inferior
      turbinate flap originally described by Masing. In approximately 50% of the cases
      the perforation was closed for two-thirds or more. Postoperative scarring causing
      nasal obstruction or alar asymmetry occurred in 21% of the cases. Some specific
      symptoms such as epistaxis, whistling and frontal headache appeared to improve
      even after partial closure. However, the overall degree of satisfaction of the
      patients and the degree of closure of the perforation were related. Based on the
      results of this series the inferior-turbinate flap did not prove satisfactory for
      the closure of septal perforations.

PMID- 3370855
TI  - A comparison between area and volume measurements of the mastoid air spaces in
      normal temporal bones.
AB  - In a study of 26 normal cadaveric temporal bones, a significant correlation was
      found between the area of the mastoid air spaces assessed from a conventional
      lateral radiograph and the mastoid volume as determined using high resolution
      computed tomography. The relationship, which was found to be linear, is of the
      form V = 0.82 A + 0.13. The correlation coefficient is 0.95 with a residual
      standard deviation about the regression of 1.14 cm3. It is apparent, therefore,
      that an accurate assessment of the mastoid air space volume can be obtained by
      means of a simple and routinely requested investigation, i.e. the 35 degree
      lateral oblique radiograph.

PMID- 3370856
TI  - Tissue expansion for head and neck reconstruction.
AB  - Tissue expansion is a new reconstructive technique with enormous potential.
      Although popularized over 10 years ago, its place in the management of soft
      tissue reconstruction for head and neck malignancy is undefined. In this paper 3
      clinical cases are illustrated.

PMID- 3370857
TI  - Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Research Society. Meeting. Bradford, 3 April 1987.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3370858
TI  - Development of immunosupportive drugs for patients with AIDS/ARC.

PMID- 3370859
TI  - Severe cerebral damage in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
AB  - Two patients are described with hyperammonemia due to ornithine transcarbamylase
      (OTC) deficiency who suffered severe shrinkage and collapse of the brain. The
      cerebral cortex was spongy and cavitated, containing only a few residual neurons,
      and was markedly gliosed. In one patient the basal ganglia were affected and
      harbored Alzheimer type II astrocytes. These lesions resemble those of acquired
      hepatocerebral degeneration and occur especially in female children with the
      milder form of the disease, who have a potential to survive. Strict observance of
      dietary restrictions is mandatory to avoid catastrophic damage to the brain.

PMID- 3370861
TI  - Formes frustes of diastematomyelia in an adult: a case report.
AB  - An adult with clinically and neuroradiologically occult diastematomyelia is
      described. The neuropathological study revealed an unusual duplication of the
      spinal cord not associated with osteocartilagineous anomalies. This anomaly
      probably occurs early in fetal life as an isolated lesion of the neural tube. The
      embryological mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 3370860
TI  - Cystic changes and vascular permeability in meningiomas.
AB  - A retrospective study of 397 human meningiomas revealed microcystic and cystic
      changes in about 10% of tumors, predominantly meningiomas of the
      meningotheliomatous subtype. The biological behavior of these tumors corresponded
      to those of meningiomas in general, while one tumor singled out from the
      microcystic variant and separately described as myxomatous meningioma was
      characterized by a high recurrency rate. Histochemical and immunohistochemical
      examination with serum proteins of variable size indicated that the microcystic
      alterations are associated with local vascular permeability disturbances. Hyaline
      vascular changes and increased numbers of mast cells were further intriguing
      observations with respect to the pathogenesis of microcyst formation. Possible
      clinical implications, in particular in regard to the sometimes severe
      peritumoral edema, are discussed. Since surgical material is insufficient in this
      respect due to sampling limitations, an unoperated autopsy case is included in
      this study.

PMID- 3370862
TI  - Olivary enlargement: stage of initial astrocytic changes.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic morphometry was carried out on an autopsy patient
      with olivary enlargement and secondary degeneration of the central tegmental
      tract due to a pontine tegmental lesion. The authors found active participation
      of neuropile astrocytic processes in the early stage of olivary enlargement
      before the appearance of gemistocytic astrocytes. The presence of a new stage
      between the stages of olivary hypertrophy and culminant olivary enlargement was
      clarified for the first time through electron microscopic and morphometric
      analysis.

PMID- 3370863
TI  - Cytoskeletal pathology in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - Neuropathological features of a case of ataxia-telangiectasia are reported. The
      main findings were the presence of Lewy bodies, cytoplasmic inclusions and axonal
      spheroids in the brainstem nuclei; pathological changes of spinal cord closely
      resembled those reported in the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
      In immunocytochemical studies, filamentous inclusions and axonal spheroids
      strongly reacted with monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament subunits. The
      results show that disorganization and accumulation of neurofilament proteins
      occur in ataxia-telangiectasia.

PMID- 3370864
TI  - Porosity in manually mixed bone cement.
AB  - Forty-six samples of acrylic cement mixed by seven nurses were analyzed for
      porosity by correlated roentgenograms and microscopy studies. Mean porosity was
      26.7 vol % +/- 9.21 vol % with large variations among specimens. There was also a
      gross variation of the pore size. The pore size exceeded 300 micron in 23% of the
      specimens, with a wide scatter of percentage porosity produced by each nurse. A
      manual mixing technique lacks reproducibility and produces cements with
      uncontrollable porosity.

PMID- 3370865
TI  - Charnley total hip arthroplasty. A ten- to 14-year follow-up study.
AB  - The long-term results of 325 consecutive Charnley total hip arthroplasties (THAs)
      were assessed at an average of 62 and 140 months (five-year and ten-year follow
      up examinations) postoperatively. Cases developing deep infection during the
      first five years were not included. Pain, walking ability, and mobility were
      rated as advocated by Charnley. The results were then graded as excellent, good,
      fair (clinically successful), and failure. At the five-year follow-up evaluation,
      77 hips were excluded; 92% (228/248) of the results were successful. At the ten
      year follow-up examination, interest was focused on the 228 hips graded as
      successful after five years. Sixty-six were excluded, one that had not been
      included at the five-year evaluation was traced, and 92% (150/163) were again
      clinically successful. The failure rate owing to mechanical causes during the
      first five years and between the five-year and ten-year follow-up examinations
      was 6.9% and 6.7%, respectively. The clinical results were considered highly
      satisfactory because only 50% of the hips judged successful at the ten-year
      examination had roentgenographically intact components. There is good reason to
      have great confidence in the Charnley THA.

PMID- 3370866
TI  - The effects of the collar on total hip femoral component subsidence.
AB  - Twenty-four preserved autopsy femurs were used to evaluate the effect of the
      collar and tight distal fit on noncemented femoral component subsidence,
      micromotion, and load to failure. Ten collared implants (five with tight and five
      with loose distal fit) and 14 collarless implants (seven with tight and seven
      with loose distal fit) were inserted with press-fit technique. They were
      compressively loaded in an Instron machine (Instron, Canton, Massachusetts) at 25
      kg increments with 20 cycles applied at each load level. Subsidence was
      significantly decreased, and load to failure increased by the collar. None of the
      parameters was significantly affected by tight fit of the cylindrical distal
      stem. Tightening of the collarless implant by subsidence could not be relied upon
      to achieve fixation, and may not be reliable in a clinical situation. Improved
      rigidity of fixation and increased strength achieved by seating on the collar are
      distinctive advantages for pain control and biologic fixation of noncemented
      femoral components.

PMID- 3370867
TI  - Posttraumatic gluteal compartment syndrome. A case report.
AB  - Posttraumatic sciatic nerve palsy associated with severe pain, swelling in the
      gluteal region, elevated tissue pressures, and diffuse edema of the gluteal
      musculature documented by computed tomography (CT) occurred in a 22-year-old man.
      Diffuse muscle swelling was observed intraoperatively, and sciatic nerve function
      returned within days following surgical decompression. This case represents an
      acute gluteal compartment syndrome, and this entity should be included in the
      differential diagnosis of posttraumatic sciatic nerve palsy.

PMID- 3370868
TI  - The use of MRI to assist in diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the
      knee joint.
AB  - Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee joint remains a difficult and
      elusive entity to define and characterize. This entity most often appears in the
      young adult knee with nonspecific clinical features, including a painful range of
      motion and perhaps a sensation of locking. Detection and diagnosis of this
      localized soft-tissue mass are difficult because plain roentgenograms may be
      totally within normal limits. The case of a 21-year-old woman illustrates the use
      of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an effective technique to define and
      characterize PVNS. Advantages of MRI include high-resolution/high-contrast
      multiplanar sections that depict bone, marrow, ligaments and tendons, fat,
      menisci, and articular cartilage in one image. In addition, MRI is noninvasive
      and requires no ionized radiation. MRI is an excellent clinical tool for the
      evaluation of intraarticular tumors of the knee joint.

PMID- 3370869
TI  - Ruptured tibialis posterior tendon in a closed ankle fracture.
AB  - Interposition of a ruptured tibialis posterior tendon between the medial
      malleolar fracture fragments in a closed pronation-eversion ankle fracture
      occurred in a 21-year-old woman. The tendon rupture was not diagnosed before
      surgery but was recognized at the time of open reduction. the tendon was repaired
      and the fracture internally fixed. Twelve months after the operation, the patient
      had a nearly full range of pain-free ankle movements and a normal longitudinal
      arch.

PMID- 3370870
TI  - Comparison of over-the-top and tunnel techniques for anterior cruciate ligament
      replacement.
AB  - The osseous tunnel technique of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
      was compared to the over-the-top (OTT) technique in vivo. A prosthesis replaced
      the ACL in 35 dogs by one of three methods: double osseous tunnels, OTT, or a
      combined method utilizing the unique Y shape of the prosthesis by placing one
      fork through a femoral osseous tunnel and the other fork over the top of the
      femoral condyle in the same stifle. Rupture occurred in all prostheses placed in
      double osseous tunnels and in one of 12 prostheses placed by the OTT technique.
      When rupture occurred in only one fork of prostheses placed in the combined
      method, all occurred in the tunnel-placed fork. If the results of the three
      groups are combined, rupture occurred in 16.7% of all OTT-placed prostheses
      versus 91.3% rupture of all osseous tunnel-placed prostheses. Objective
      assessment of the in vivo testing clearly indicates that the OTT technique is
      superior to the tunnel technique under the conditions of this study. The
      relationship between placement technique and rupture of other prostheses should
      also be tested in vivo.

PMID- 3370871
TI  - Combined direct and indirect reduction of comminuted four-part intraarticular T
      type fractures of the distal femur.
AB  - Five patients with identical severely comminuted four-part intraarticular T-type
      fractures of the distal femur were treated with a combination of direct reduction
      of the condylar anatomy and indirect reduction of the metaphyseal fragments using
      a 95 degree blade plate and femoral distractor. In all patients there was a
      coronal-axial fracture of the medial condyle anterior to the origin of the
      posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) associated with disruption of the
      patellofemoral articulation (four-part fracture). There were no associated
      intraarticular or extraarticular knee ligament injuries with this specific
      fracture pattern. Following fracture stabilization all knees were stable.
      Anatomic reduction of the articular surface and restoration of alignment were
      obtained in every case. Functional results were rated as good to excellent in all
      patients.

PMID- 3370872
TI  - Changes in the incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus during a 30
      year period. A study of 2125 fractures.
AB  - The incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus by age group and sex
      was studied for a 32-year period from 1950 to 1982. The following numbers of
      humeral fractures occurred: 1950-1954, 411 fractures; 1961-1964, 552 fractures;
      1971-1973, 639 fractures; and 1981-1982, 523 fractures. There was a progressive
      increase in the age-related incidence in older persons, especially in women.
      There was a higher incidence of fractures classified as severe in the 1980s
      compared with the 1950s.

PMID- 3370873
TI  - Anterior and posterior marginal fracture-dislocations of the distal radius. An
      analysis of the results of treatment.
AB  - Anterior and posterior marginal fractures of the distal end of the radius
      associated with dislocation of the carpus are rare injuries. The results of 20
      patients with 12 anterior and eight posterior marginal fracture-dislocations of
      the distal radius were reviewed. Eleven patients had closed reduction and plaster
      cast immobilization, including three with external fixation, while nine patients
      required surgery and internal fixation. At a mean of 3.2 years, 40% were rated as
      excellent, 45% as good, 5% as fair, and 10% as poor. There was roentgenographic
      evidence of posttraumatic arthritis in 13 patients (65%). Major factors affecting
      the clinical results were accurate articular realignment and the presence of
      ipsilateral carpal injuries. There were no significant differences in results
      between anterior and posterior marginal fractures or between closed or operative
      methods of treatment when the radiocarpal articular surface was restored to less
      than 1 mm residual displacement. Restoration of articular congruency is the
      primary goal of management of these fractures.

PMID- 3370874
TI  - Cast brace treatment of proximal tibia fractures. A ten-year follow-up study.
AB  - The long-term outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated by cast bracing was
      observed in 29 patients sustaining 30 tibial plateau fractures more than ten
      years after injury. Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation was performed and
      showed 61% good results overall. Range of motion averaged 117 degrees. Iowa knee
      score averaged 71 of 100 possible points. Thirty-two percent of the patients
      developed moderate or severe roentgenographic posttraumatic degenerative
      arthritis. Minimally displaced fractures were observed to do very well clinically
      without roentgenographic evidence of degenerative joint disease after a ten-year
      follow-up period. Seventy percent of displaced bicondylar fractures developed
      degenerative joint disease in clinical and roentgenographic evaluation. Cast
      bracing of minimally displaced fractures gave satisfactory results, whereas cast
      bracing of more complex fractures produced variable functional results.

PMID- 3370875
TI  - Interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial fractures. A
      report of 45 cases.
AB  - Forty-five tibial shaft fractures in 43 patients were treated with the Grosse
      Kempf interlocking intramedullary nail. The material was highly selected because
      49% of the fractures were due to high-energy trauma and 62% were located at the
      diaphyseal-metaphyseal junctions. The median time to full weight-bearing was 30
      days, and 44 fractures healed by bridging callus in a median of 16 weeks. There
      was one nonunion, one deep, and one superficial infection. The results of the
      clinical and radiologic evaluations were excellent in 29 fractures, good in 13,
      fair in two, and poor in one. Interlocking intramedullary nailing proved to be
      efficient for comminuted, segmental, and unstable tibial fractures, especially in
      patients with multiple injuries. Compared with conventional intramedullary
      nailing, the locking procedure increases the stability at the fracture site and
      extends the indication for nailing to fractures in the proximal and distal
      diaphyseal-metaphyseal junctions.

PMID- 3370876
TI  - An analysis of the biomechanical mechanism of tibial stress fractures among
      Israeli infantry recruits. A prospective study.
AB  - The biomechanical mechanism of tibial diaphyseal stress fractures was studied
      prospectively in a group of 286 Israeli recruits. Before training each recruit
      had roentgenograms taken of his tibiae. Measurements of total tibial and cortical
      widths in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral planes were made on these
      roentgenograms at two levels: at the point of the narrowest tibial width on AP
      roentgenograms (Level 1) and at the point of the narrowest width on lateral
      roentgenograms (Level 2). The tibial cross section was idealized as an eccentric
      ellipse within an ellipse, and on the basis of measurements taken from the
      roentgenograms, the cross-sectional area (compression strength), area moments of
      inertia about AP and mediolateral axes of bending (bending strength), and the
      area polar moment of inertia (torsional strength) were calculated for each cross
      section. During the course of 14 weeks of training, 20% of the recruits sustained
      tibial diaphyseal stress fractures, all of which were along the medial cortex.
      Using stepwise logistic regression analysis the tibia's bending strength along an
      AP axis of bedding at Level 2 was found to be the most significant factor
      determining whether or not a recruit would develop a tibial stress fracture.

PMID- 3370877
TI  - Neisseria mucosa bursitis. A rare cause of gas in soft tissue.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman with shoulder pain had an expanding gas-containing
      radiolucency adjacent to the glenoid. She had been treated with prednisone
      intermittently for asthma. After unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous drainage,
      open exploration was performed with resection of a bursa containing gelatinous
      material and gas bubbles. The culture grew Neisseria mucosa, an organism that
      infrequently causes infections and is often categorized as nonpathogenic. This
      case illustrates that soft tissue gas accumulation is not always ominous but may
      be due to fastidious low virulence organisms. Appropriate surgical drainage and
      persistent microorganism cultures are required for definitive diagnosis and
      therapy.

PMID- 3370878
TI  - Shoulder pain in middle age. A study of prevalence and relation to occupational
      work load and psychosocial factors.
AB  - Studies on 574 subjects demonstrated the prevalence of shoulder pain and its
      relationship to occupational work load and psychosocial factors. The prevalence
      of shoulder pain was 14% (13% men, 15% women). Women had more often myalgias with
      a tenderness on palpation of the shoulder muscles and rhizopathia-brachialgia
      type of pain, whereas men had mainly intraarticular pain. Three percent had been
      on sick leave because of shoulder pain in the year preceding the examination and
      5% had a reduced range of shoulder joint motion. The subjects with shoulder pain
      were less satisfied with their jobs and had been less successful in a childhood
      intelligence test. No difference could be demonstrated between subjects with or
      without shoulder pain in estimated overall work load, but women with signs of
      supraspinatus tendinitis more often had jobs with physical demands.

PMID- 3370879
TI  - Stabilization of osteochondral fragments using limited placement of cyanoacrylate
      in rabbits.
AB  - The higher homologues of the alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates appear to possess properties
      useful for an osseous adhesive. Considering currently available bonding
      strengths, the most reasonable potential application of an osseous adhesive would
      appear to involve the stabilization of relatively small osteochondral fragments.
      If used as a means of temporary internal fixation, such an adhesive would need to
      be used in limited amounts in limited areas to allow for normal healing processes
      to occur between areas of adhesive placement. An animal study was therefore
      conducted utilizing the viscous isoamyl-2-cyanoacrylate monomer to evaluate its
      ability to maintain the reduction of an unstable osteochondral fragment while
      allowing for healing around the sites of adhesive placement. Used in limited
      quantities, this monomer appeared to allow adjacent healing to occur unimpeded
      and to be nontoxic to adjacent viable bone and cartilage. This adhesive also
      appeared to lend significant stability to the reduction of an osteochondral
      fragment in the knees of a series of rabbits.

PMID- 3370880
TI  - The fate of cemented total hip arthroplasty in young patients.
AB  - Forty-four cemented hip replacements in patients under 45 years of age were
      assessed clinically and radiologically five to ten years after implantation. Four
      of five hips were pain-free and provided excellent function, and one in seven
      hips required revision but have since fared well. The results for osteoarthritic
      hips were superior to those with rheumatoid disease. Critical examination of the
      roentgenograms revealed a higher level of loosening than was suspected
      clinically, with only one in two hips appearing entirely satisfactory. Although
      weight gain and previous surgery did not affect the outcome, patients who
      returned to heavy manual work or athletic activities soon developed loosening.
      Four of five young patients gained freedom from pain and became fully active at a
      time when mobility was of crucial importance to both their professional and
      family lives. Clearly, these results affirm the value of total hip arthroplasty
      (THA) in young patients with either osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis,
      although a limited time expectancy of these good results undoubtedly does exist.

PMID- 3370882
TI  - Constrained total shoulder replacement: a critical review.

PMID- 3370881
TI  - Brown tumor of the tibia as an early manifestation of renal osteodystrophy. A
      case report.
AB  - A brown tumor of the tibia occurred in a 49-year-old woman on dialysis with
      chronic renal failure. This lesion was the first clinical or radiographic
      indication of bone involvement. Although serum levels of calcium and phosphorus
      are often well regulated by dialysis, clinical or radiologic evidence of a brown
      tumor may prove to be the first sign of renal osteodystrophy in patients with
      chronic renal failure.

PMID- 3370883
TI  - Retrieval analysis of porous-coated components for total knee arthroplasty: a
      report of two cases.

PMID- 3370884
TI  - Chemonucleolysis versus open discectomy.

PMID- 3370885
TI  - Minimal osteonecrosis as a segmental infarct within the femoral head.
AB  - Minimal osteonecrosis (MON) is a small and eccentrically localized lesion of
      osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head. This form of ON shows clinically benign
      features, but may be indicative of the pathomechanism of ON. Of 180 patients (275
      hips) with ON, 15 patients (19 hips) were found to have MON. Based on the
      geography of the femoral head, the lesions were grouped into four types: anterior
      (seven hips), superior (six hips), medial (five hips), and lateral (one hip).
      When the location of the lesion was compared with the normal vascular anatomy, a
      close correlation between the location and the segmental blood supply in the
      femoral head became evident. Histologic findings showed localized infarction of
      the trabeculae and bone marrow, but no evidence suggesting repeated episodes of
      infarction, which is an essential feature of typical ON. From these findings, MON
      may be a segmental infarct within the femoral head. Interruption of the blood
      flow may possibly occur not in the main trunk but in the terminal branch of the
      lateral epiphyseal or superior metaphyseal artery; such as ischemic event is
      probably a single brief attack, leading to this form of infarction in contrast to
      typical ON developing with prolonged or recurrent obstructions.

PMID- 3370886
TI  - The use of large allografts for tumor reconstruction and salvage of the failed
      total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - Large bone defects have become a more common orthopedic problem in recent year.
      This is due to the increased enthusiasm for limb salvage surgery as a technique
      to manage patients with primary bone tumors and for patients who have had
      multiple joint arthroplasties with subsequent bone loss. One technique that has
      proven successful for this difficult problem is the use of fresh frozen
      allografts to reconstruct these skeletal defects. From January 1981 until January
      1987, 60 large fragment fresh frozen allografts were used for skeletal
      reconstruction. These grafts were divided into three basic groups: intercalary,
      15; osteoarticular, 16; and allograft-prosthetic composite, 29. The diagnoses
      included 43 bone tumors, 16 failed total hip arthroplasties, and one traumatic
      bone loss. The average patient age was 39.7 years and had an average follow-up
      period of 24 months. The average length of allograft was 12.4 cm. Using the
      Enneking Functional Evaluation System, the final functional analysis revealed
      excellent or good results in 86% of the patients and fair or poor results in 14%
      of the patients. Roentgenological union at the allograft-host bone junction was
      achieved in 90% of the patients in a mean time of 5.8 months after surgery. An
      additional three patients obtained union after autogeneic bone grafting. At the
      time of follow-up evaluation, 92.3% of the patients were free of tumor; they had
      no local recurrences. The use of fresh frozen allografts represents an acceptable
      alternative for the reconstruction of large skeletal defects. One can expect good
      or excellent function for the majority of patients. The best functional results
      were obtained with the intercalary allografts and the allograft-prosthetic
      composites.

PMID- 3370887
TI  - The influence of stem size and extent of porous coating on femoral bone
      resorption after primary cementless hip arthroplasty.
AB  - The influence of stem size and extent of porous coating on femoral bone
      resorption was examined in 411 cases of primary cementless hip arthroplasty.
      Moore design, cobalt alloy femoral implants with powder-made sintered porous
      coating on either one-third, two-thirds, or the full implant length were compared
      radiographically two years after surgery. A semiquantitative method was adopted
      for assessing resorption that involved dividing the anteroposterior (AP) and
      lateral roentgenograms into a total of 16 discrete sites. The 16 sites were
      qualitatively examined for evidence of resorption by either thinning or darkening
      of bone relative to the time immediately following surgery. Based on the number
      of sites that demonstrated resorption, the bone loss was classified as either
      minor and not likely to cause problems (0 to 4 sites) or pronounced and of
      potentially harmful clinical consequence (5 or more sites). Pronounced resorption
      occurred in 18% of the 411 cases. The use of larger stems resulted in increased
      occurrence of marked bone resorption: stems greater than or equal to 13.5 mm in
      diameter showed five times the incidence of pronounced resorption compared with
      stems less than or equal to 12.0 mm in diameter. Stems with two-thirds and full
      porous coating resulted in a twofold to fourfold increase in the incidence of
      pronounced bone resorption. The theoretic degree of stress shielding of the
      femoral shaft in bending was calculated for cases with complete canal filling and
      a radiographic appearance of bone ingrowth. There was a strong correlation
      between this theoretic factor and the observed bone resorption.

PMID- 3370888
TI  - Abdominal-hip joint fistula. Complicated revision of total hip arthroplasty for
      false aneurysm of external iliac artery. A case report.
AB  - A 76-year-old woman developed an abdominal-to-right hip joint fistula following
      repair of an aneurysm of the right iliac artery. The aneurysm appeared as a
      complication of an intraarticular (protrusio acetabula) fracture six years after
      bilateral hip arthroplasty. Prompt recognition and effective treatment saved the
      patient's life.

PMID- 3370889
TI  - Inadvertent extramedullary placement of Austin Moore prosthesis. A case report.
AB  - Virtually complete extramedullary insertion of an Austin Moore prosthesis is a
      rare complication. The prosthesis is seldom left in such a position once the
      complication has been recognized. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first
      reported long-term follow-up study of such a case in which the result could be
      considered reasonably well-tolerated. The prosthesis was revised to a total hip
      arthroplasty 15 years following implantation. That the reason for excision was
      acetabular wear indicates that the prosthesis was load bearing. This case raises
      the question of whether the concept of extramedullary fixation of hip prostheses
      could be valid.

PMID- 3370890
TI  - The effect of early bladder catheterization on the incidence of urinary
      complications after total joint replacement.
AB  - A prospective, randomized study was performed in 54 female total arthroplasty
      patients to determine whether straight catheterization in the recovery room might
      reduce the incidence of postoperative urinary infection, urinary retention, and
      urinary catheterization. Thirty-one patients were straight catheterized in the
      recovery room; 23 were not. Overall, 13% of the patients developed a urinary
      tract infection postoperatively, 60% of the patients required at least one
      catheterization, and 13% of the patients required a Foley catheter. No beneficial
      effect of straight catheterization in the recovery room after arthroplasty was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3370891
TI  - Ogden plate and other fixations for fractures complicating femoral
      endoprostheses.
AB  - Treatment of femoral shaft fractures complicating endoprostheses remains
      controversial. Nineteen such fractures were treated with open reduction and
      internal fixation using the Ogden plate. This modified plate allows for proximal
      fixation with heavy-duty Parham bands and distal fixation with screws. Sixteen of
      19 patients healed their fractures in an average of 3.5 months. Two fractures
      developed delayed unions, one resulted in non-union. At final follow-up
      examination, results were rated as excellent (12), satisfactory (5), and poor
      (2). The procedure is not technically difficult. It can be applied to fractures
      both above and below the prosthetic tip as well as those with and without cement.
      Use of the Ogden plate provides immediate rigid fixation allowing early
      mobilization, preventing the complications of traction and/or cast
      immobilization.

PMID- 3370892
TI  - Loosening of cobalt chrome beads from a porous-coated acetabular component. A
      report of ten cases.
AB  - Seventy consecutive total hip arthroplasties were performed using a porous-coated
      acetabular component consisting of a cobalt chrome substrate to which cobalt
      chrome beads were sintered. Fifty-six were primary arthroplasties and 14 were
      revisions. The authors analyzed the immediate postoperative roentgenographs of
      all 70 hips and the follow-up roentgenographs of the 66 hips that were followed
      for a minimum of two years, the average follow-up period being 30 months. Loose
      cobalt chrome beads were diagnosed in ten of the 70 hips (14.3%), five (8.9%) in
      the primary arthroplasties, and five (35.7%) in the revision arthroplasties. In
      two of the primary arthroplasties and three of the revision arthroplasties, the
      loose beads were observed on the immediate postoperative roentgenographs. None of
      the acetabular components appeared loose by other roentgenographic criteria. The
      sintering technique used in the manufacture of these implants did not prevent
      loosening of cobalt chrome beads from porous-coated cobalt chrome acetabular
      components. A longer follow-up period is required to assess fully the clinical
      significance.

PMID- 3370894
TI  - Early scintigraphic findings of occult femoral and tibial fractures in infants.
AB  - Differentiation of occult skeletal injuries from early acute osteomyelitis in
      infants and young children is important clinically. The Tc-99m MDP scintigraphic
      findings in six patients who had occult femoral or tibial fractures were
      reviewed. The images obtained early (at 1-4 days from the onset of symptoms)
      shared the common characteristic finding of a subtle but definite, generalized
      increased uptake of the tracer along the entire length of the injured bone. This
      pattern of uptake was similar regardless of the type of fracture. These were
      different from the focal abnormalities that have been observed in early acute
      osteomyelitis. In the absence of an extensive cellulitis or a vascular occlusive
      disease, a bone image showing a mild diffuse uniform increased uptake along the
      entire length of the tibia or femur in infants and young children with lower
      extremity pain of less than 1 week's duration should suggest the diagnosis of
      occult skeletal fractures.

PMID- 3370893
TI  - Intrapatient and interpatient comparison of tumor size and monoclonal antibody
      uptake in melanoma.
AB  - In two panels totaling 52 patients with melanoma who were imaged with In-111
      labeled 96.5 or ZME-018 (ZME) monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), four patients
      demonstrated numerous metastases (greater than or equal to 20) in the
      subcutaneous tissues and peripheral lymph nodes. These constituted four
      intrapatient groups of tumors. These were selected for an intrapatient comparison
      of tumor size and uptake. Data on 16 additional patients imaged with 96.5 MoAb
      with fewer (less than or equal to 11) such tumor foci were pooled and used as an
      interpatient control group of tumors. Uptake was graded 0-5+ (liver = 4+). The
      data were similar in all five groups. All tumors with a diameter less than 0.7 cm
      were not detected. All large tumors were demonstrated, usually with high uptake.
      Small tumors (greater than or equal to 0.7 cm in diameter), however, showed
      variable uptake, from 0-4+. Thus, tumors within one patient were as variable in
      uptake as tumors between patients. Immunologic studies of melanoma tumor antigens
      have shown a similar variability. It is suggested that antigenic heterogeneity is
      responsible for the variable scintigraphic demonstration of such tumors.

PMID- 3370896
TI  - Experience with thallium-201 imaging in head and neck cancer.
AB  - TI-201 chloride was used for tumor imaging in patients with head and neck cancer.
      It is of value in detecting the extent of tumor involvement, the presence of
      residual tumor after radical courses of treatment, and the presence of local
      recurrence and distant metastases.

PMID- 3370895
TI  - Visualization of suppressed normal thyroid tissue by thallium-201 in patients
      with toxic nodular goiter.
AB  - Thyroid imaging using TI-201 was useful to visualize the normal thyroid tissue,
      which was not visualized by conventional imaging using I-123 or Tc-99m, in three
      patients with toxic nodular goiter.

PMID- 3370897
TI  - Visualization of soft tissue by technetium-99m MDP in polymyositis. Case reports.
AB  - Two patients with polymyositis showed abnormal muscular uptake of Tc-99m
      methylene diphosphonate (MDP) during routine bone imaging. Imaging with Tc-99m
      MDP is a useful tool in monitoring the activity of the diseased muscle.

PMID- 3370898
TI  - Technetium-99m MDP accumulation in a nonmalignant pleural effusion.

PMID- 3370899
TI  - Lymphoscintigraphy. Chylous ascites and lymphocele demonstration.

PMID- 3370900
TI  - Liver-spleen scan of hepatic cirrhosis in a patient with situs inversus.

PMID- 3370901
TI  - Cardiopulmonary flow studies showing abnormal brain perfusion.

PMID- 3370902
TI  - Clinical pharmacokinetics of oral buspirone in patients with impaired renal
      function.
AB  - 12 patients with mild to moderate impairment of renal function and 12 healthy
      subjects each received 20mg buspirone as a single dose in this acute study. Six
      anuric patients with chronic renal failure were given two 20mg doses of
      buspirone, the first 2 days before haemodialysis (between dialyses) and the
      second during hemodialysis (2 hours before dialysis began). The differences
      between the median pharmacokinetic values of buspirone for healthy subjects,
      patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, and anuric patients were not
      statistically significant. Similarly, there were no significant differences
      between values in mild to moderate renal failure vs healthy subjects. Some of the
      median pharmacokinetic values for the active buspirone metabolite 1-(2
      pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (1-PP), however, differed significantly for anuric
      patients, compared with healthy subjects or patients with mild to moderate renal
      impairment. When assessed between and during haemodialysis, the anuric patients
      had significantly (p less than 0.05) greater pharmacokinetic median values: half
      life (t 1/2) = 15.2 vs 9.8 hours; area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) =
      604 vs 404 nmol/L.h; and mean residence time (MRT) = 9.28 vs 6.96 hours. No firm
      recommendation for specific dosage can be made based on the present data.
      However, it does appear that in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment,
      the pharmacokinetics of buspirone and its active metabolite 1-PP are similar to
      those in individuals with normal renal function. For anuric patients higher
      concentrations of the 1-PP metabolite are attained while they are not undergoing
      haemodialysis. A dosage reduction of 25 to 50% might be necessary when buspirone
      is given to anuric patients.

PMID- 3370903
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of intradural morphine in major abdominal surgery.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intradural morphine used for major abdominal surgery were
      evaluated. Lumbar spinal fluid and plasma concentrations were measured at
      intervals after morphine 0.05 mg/kg had been injected intradurally in 21 patients
      scheduled for elective abdominal aortic surgery. The CSF morphine concentrations
      were fitted by a biexponential function. A non-compartmental model based on
      statistical moment theory was used for calculating the intradural morphine
      disposition. Mean residence time was 137 +/- 54.9 minutes, mean initial volume of
      distribution 15 +/- 5.49 ml, mean volume of distribution at steady-state 42 +/-
      18.25 ml and mean clearance 0.34 +/- 0.18 ml/min (0.02 +/- 0.01 L/h). The moments
      of the morphine concentration-time curves and the pharmacokinetic parameters
      varied between the patients. They were not significantly different with regard to
      morphine dosage, or patient sex or age. Free morphine could not be detected in
      plasma. Morphine-3-glucuronide appeared in plasma at 5 minutes, increased to a
      maximum at 240 minutes and fell below the detection limit at about 16 hours after
      morphine administration. Possible clinical causes of interindividual variations
      in the CSF morphine concentrations and the pharmacokinetics of intradural
      morphine are discussed.

PMID- 3370904
TI  - Postnatal IgG levels in very-low-birth-weight infants. Preliminary observations.
AB  - We studied the gammaglobulin levels (IgG) postnatally, serially, in 42 infants of
      very low birthweight (mean +/- SD 971 +/- 225 g) with gestational ages ranging
      from 23 to 31 weeks. Eighteen infants (42.8%) had IgG levels of less than 100
      mg/dl by a mean postnatal age of 71.2 +/- 16 days. The lowest level was 22 mg/dl
      in an infant whose birthweight was 700 g. Sixteen of the 42 infants (mean
      birthweight 946.8 +/- 260 g) also had cord blood IgG levels determined. The mean
      cord blood IgG was 413.5 +/- 163 mg/dl. This had dropped to 140.3 +/- 87 mg/dl by
      57 days, a drop of 66 percent. As expected, the lowest IgG levels postnatally was
      a reflection of the degree of prematurity and the length of postnatal age. Such
      extremely low levels of IgG have not been reported previously.

PMID- 3370907
TI  - Phytophotodermatitis. A mystery case report.

PMID- 3370905
TI  - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia associated with hyperphosphatemic rickets.
AB  - The authors describe a boy with precocious puberty due to adrenal hyperplasia
      associated with rickets, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated PTH and
      alkaline phosphatase levels, and concentrations of 25-OH-D and 1,25-(OH)2D at the
      upper limit or above normal range. Treatment with hydrocortisone for 9 months did
      not normalize hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3
      (0.5-2 micrograms/day) to the corticoid treatment for 1 year was followed by a
      progressive normalization of plasma calcium, phosphorus, PTH and alkaline
      phosphatase concentrations with improvement of the osteomalacia on bone biopsy.

PMID- 3370906
TI  - Early onset of childhood pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis.
AB  - The authors present the first case of lymphangiomyomatosis in a pediatric
      patient. Radiographic findings, biopsy, computerized tomography, and electron
      microscopy were useful in detailing the presentation of early onset of pulmonary
      lymphangiomyomatosis. The unusual presentation of this child includes a
      description of her disease prior to any pulmonary symptomatology and 4 years of
      follow-up.

PMID- 3370908
TI  - Lyme disease presenting as heart block.
AB  - Lyme disease is now recognized as an infectious process capable of involving
      multiple organs including the cardiovascular system. We recently treated a boy
      whose complaints on admission related only to symptomatic heart block that was
      severe enough to require transvenous pacing. This boy was subsequently determined
      to have had Lyme Disease after his medical testing was reevaluated for possible
      tick exposure. In rare instances symptomatic heart block may be the sole
      presenting complaint of Lyme Disease in children.

PMID- 3370909
TI  - Infantile vomiting due to a disappearing hairy polyp.
AB  - Infantile vomiting can occur from many causes. A mass in the nasopharynx is an
      obscure reason for emesis. Maternal detection of an intermittently visible mass
      secured a diagnosis that had eluded observation, even after the patient had been
      hospitalized. "Hairy polyp" has received almost no attention in the Pediatrics
      literature. This report is both for information about the unusual tumor and for
      reaffirmation of the value of parental observation.

PMID- 3370911
TI  - Twin pregnancy.

PMID- 3370910
TI  - Neonatal gastric volvulus secondary to rectal atresia.
AB  - The "upside-down stomach" is a rare form of organo-axial neonatal volvulus, which
      occurs because of absent or attenuated anatomical anchors and abnormal motility
      of the stomach. It is considered a surgical emergency that requires immediate
      correction. We report a previously undescribed etiology of gastric neonatal
      volvulus caused by an extremely distended transverse colon, secondary to rectal
      atresia. The etiologic and diagnostic considerations are discussed. Gastropexy in
      the form of gastrostomy proved to be an effective treatment.

PMID- 3370912
TI  - Transplantation of fetal neurons in primates.

PMID- 3370913
TI  - Ethical issues in fetal research: a look back and a look forward.

PMID- 3370914
TI  - Transplantation of fetal tissue: an ethicist's viewpoint.

PMID- 3370915
TI  - Placing wedges along a slippery slope: use of fetal neural tissue for
      transplantation.

PMID- 3370916
TI  - Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane production by low
      concentrations of aspirin in vitro.
AB  - 1. The aspirin concentrations previously reported to inhibit platelet aggregation
      in vitro (40-500 mumol/l) are much greater than those required in vivo in man (5
      mumol/l). 2. Human platelet-rich plasma was incubated with buffer or various
      aspirin concentrations at 37 degrees C for up to 4.5 h. Platelet aggregation and
      thromboxane generation were measured in response to collagen (0.4-6.3
      micrograms/ml) and adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (0.5-4 mumol/l). 3. The
      concentration of aspirin needed to inhibit platelet aggregation in response to a
      critical concentration of aggregating agent (lowest concentration to cause
      greater than 50% aggregation) was lower than that required for higher
      concentrations of aggregating agent. 4. With more prolonged incubation times with
      aspirin, lower concentrations of aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation. 5.
      Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation by 10 mumol/l
      aspirin was maximal by 90 min. There was progressive inhibition by 3 mumol/l
      aspirin during incubation for 270 min. By the end of this time there was also
      significant inhibition by 1 mumol/l aspirin. 6. The apparent discrepancy between
      inhibitory aspirin concentrations in vivo and those observed in vitro in previous
      studies appears to have been resolved by extending the incubation time of
      platelets with low aspirin concentrations, thus mimicking the conditions in vivo.

PMID- 3370917
TI  - Dynamic measurement of human capillary blood pressure.
AB  - 1. Capillary blood pressure was measured in man using a dynamic servo-nulling
      system and direct micropuncture. This enabled assessments of the normal
      variations in pressure which influence fluid filtration and reabsorption. 2.
      Seventy-eight capillaries in 19 subjects were punctured in one of three positions
      around the capillary loop with the hand at the level of the sternal angle. Mean
      pressure around the loop fell from 37.7 +/- 3.7 mmHg (arteriolar limb, mean +/-
      SEM, n = 12) to 19.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg (apex, n = 25) to 14.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg (venular
      limb, n = 41) at skin temperatures of 18.7-33.1 degrees C. These values agree
      closely with Landis' original studies in 1930 [E. Landis (1930) Heart, 15, 209
      228]. 3. The mean filtration/reabsorption state of any particular capillary limb
      was not static because of cardiac, vasomotor and respiratory fluctuations in
      capillary pressure. From a total of 38 capillaries in which recordings were
      analysed for 30 s, the fluctuations in pressure were such that 27 capillaries
      probably had periods of both filtration and reabsorption. 4. Computerized
      superimposition and coherent averaging of trains of capillary pulses enabled an
      accurate description of the pulse waveform to be made in three capillaries. This
      was remarkably similar to waveforms from the radial artery, albeit at reduced
      amplitude (average 3.6 +/- 3.4 mmHg, mean +/- SD overall). The time for the pulse
      to travel between the radial artery and the finger capillary was approximately 10
      ms, which implies a propagation velocity of several metres per second.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370918
TI  - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of free erythrocyte magnesium
      concentration in man and its relation to blood pressure.
AB  - 1. 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to measure the dissociation constant of MgATP
      under simulated intracellular conditions and to measure erythrocyte free
      magnesium concentration. 2. In a group of 40 subjects, the relationship between
      erythrocyte free magnesium and blood pressure, age and sex was examined by
      univariate and multivariate regression analysis. 3. A weak positive association
      was found between erythrocyte free magnesium and mean blood pressure. This
      association was lost in a multivariate regression analysis including both age and
      sex. 4. No significant relationship was found between erythrocyte free magnesium
      and age, sex, family history of hypertension or use of the combined oral
      contraceptive pill in the sample studied.

PMID- 3370919
TI  - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in normal, anaemic and transfused human fetuses.
AB  - 1. The effect of anaemia and transfusion with adult blood on fetal 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate levels was investigated by studying fetal blood from 45 normal
      pregnancies at 17-42 weeks of gestation and in 34 pregnancies complicated by
      erythroblastosis fetalis. 2. In normal fetuses, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      concentration was higher than in adults and did not change significantly with
      gestational age. 3. In erythroblastotic fetuses, there was a significant negative
      correlation between 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration and haemoglobin
      concentration. 4. When adult blood was transfused into the fetal circulation, 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate concentration reached similar levels to that found in
      untransfused fetuses after allowing for the severity of anaemia.

PMID- 3370920
TI  - Effect of hyperoxia and hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness in normal
      subjects.
AB  - 1. The subjective changes accompanying alterations in inspired oxygen
      concentration during heavy exercise have been investigated single blind, in
      normal subjects. 2. In particular, the intensity of the sensation of
      breathlessness was quantified using a visual analogue scale and changes were
      compared with those in objective ventilatory measures. 3. Eleven subjects
      performed three steady-state work-load exercise tests on different days and 100%
      O2, 15% O2 or air were randomly administered for a fixed interval during each
      test. 4. Compared with air breathing, all subjects felt less breathless during
      100% O2 breathing, and ten of them felt more breathless when inspiring 15% O2;
      these changes were reversed on return to air breathing. 5. During and after 100%
      O2, the time course of changes in breathlessness was similar to those for ear
      arterial oxygen saturation and minute ventilation such that it could be a
      secondary response to either. However, during and after inspiration of 15% O2,
      changes in breathlessness occurred relatively more quickly than those in
      ventilation, more closely reflecting changes in oxygen saturation; this suggests
      that hypoxia, per se, could contribute to the genesis of this sensation. 6.
      Individual variability in breathlessness responses to exercise and changes in
      inspired oxygen concentration did not correlate with objective ventilatory
      changes; neither were changes in breathlessness in the group particularly
      associated with changes in respiratory frequency or tidal volume.

PMID- 3370921
TI  - Increased hepatic amino nitrogen conversion after elective cholecystectomy in
      man.
AB  - 1. The effect of elective, uncomplicated cholecystectomy on plasma clearances of
      amino acids and on amino acid-stimulated urea synthesis was investigated in 10
      patients, pre-operatively and on the first post-operative day, and compared with
      six controls treated identically apart from the surgery. 2. A mixture of amino
      acids was given as a prime-continuous infusion. Steady-state concentrations 75%
      higher than basal were attained and were maintained for 90 min. The clearances of
      amino acids were calculated as the ratios between amino acid infusion rate and
      the concentration. The urea synthesis rate was calculated as urinary excretion
      corrected for accumulation and intestinal loss. 3. After surgery the fasting
      plasma concentrations of alanine, arginine, glutamine plus glutamate, glycine,
      proline, lysine and threonine decreased by 20-30%, but were unchanged in the
      control group. The plasma clearance of alpha-amino nitrogen increased from 5.1 +/
      1.2 ml/s before surgery (mean +/- SD) to 6.1 +/- 1.1 ml/s (P less than 0.05,
      paired t-test) after surgery due to increased clearances of the above-mentioned
      amino acids. In the control group, the clearance decreased from 6.4 +/- 1.6 to
      5.9 +/- 1.1 (P less than 0.05, paired t-test). The amino acid-stimulated urea
      synthesis rate after surgery was 37 +/- 9 mumol of N/s vs 30 +/- 6 (P less than
      0.01, paired t-test) in the controls despite a lower alpha-amino nitrogen
      concentration (4.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l vs 5.1 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, P less than 0.05, paired
      t-test). The post-operative urea synthesis rate exceeded the amino nitrogen
      infusion by 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3370922
TI  - Alpha-methyldopa selectively reduces alae nasi activity.
AB  - 1. Sedatives such as the benzodiazepines and alcohol reduce upper airway muscle
      activity. We hypothesized that a sedating antihypertensive, alpha-methyldopa,
      might have similar effects. To investigate this hypothesis we studied the effect
      of alpha-methyldopa on alae nasi electromyographic (EMG) activity during
      hypercapnia. 2. We studied ten healthy subjects and three subjects with
      obstructive sleep apnoea during CO2-stimulated breathing. In a preliminary study
      four subjects demonstrated a fall in alae nasi EMG activity 4 h after the
      ingestion of 500 mg of alpha-methyldopa during CO2 rebreathing. 3. In six
      additional normal subjects and three subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea, we
      studied the alae nasi EMG activity during steady-state hypercapnia with PCO2 held
      constant 5 torr (0.7 kPa) above baseline. On 2 separate days we studied subjects
      before and 2 h after they had ingested 750 mg of alpha-methyldopa or placebo. 4.
      In the normal subjects the mean alae nasi EMG activity fell by 34% 2 h after
      ingestion of alpha-methyldopa (P less than 0.05) without a change in other
      ventilatory parameters. 5. In the sleep apnoea group the individual mean alae
      nasi EMG activity fell 16-49%, with ventilation and tidal volume falling in one
      patient. 6. We conclude that alpha-methyldopa selectively reduces upper airway
      motor activity.

PMID- 3370923
TI  - Muscle fatigue and pain after eccentric contractions at long and short length.
AB  - 1. The effect of muscle length on the development of muscle pain and fatigue has
      been studied. 2. Eight normal young adults performed maximal eccentric
      contractions of the elbow flexors. The muscles of one arm were exercised at short
      length, and the contralateral muscle at long length. Each contraction lasted
      approximately 1 s, and was repeated once every 10 s for 30 min. 3. Muscle
      strength and frequency-force characteristics were measured from isometric
      contractions before, immediately after and at 24 h intervals for the next 4 days.
      Muscle tenderness was assessed daily. 4. The muscle strength was reduced by
      approximately 10% by exercise at short length, and by 30% by exercise at long
      length. 5. The 20:100 ratio (force generated by stimulation at 20 Hz/force
      generated at 100 Hz) fell by 30% after exercise at short length and had recovered
      after 24 h. Exercise at long length reduced this ratio by 65% and the muscles had
      not fully recovered 4 days later. 6. Muscle pain developed after both exercise
      regimens, but was slightly worse after that at long length. 7. It is concluded
      that there is a length-dependent component in the development of pain and fatigue
      after eccentric exercise, which had previously been thought to be caused solely
      by high force generation.

PMID- 3370924
TI  - Endogenous vasopressin and postural control of blood pressure in man.

PMID- 3370926
TI  - Expert witness fees.

PMID- 3370925
TI  - Physicians and ethics of treatment re. HIV-infected patients.

PMID- 3370927
TI  - The physician and nursing home-acquired infections.

PMID- 3370928
TI  - Occurrence of Vibrionaceae in natural and cultivated oyster populations in the
      Pacific Northwest.
AB  - Studies were done to assess the role of oysters from the Pacific Northwest as a
      potential source of Vibrionaceae. Oysters collected from natural and cultivated
      populations on the British Columbia Coast were opened using sterile instruments.
      The gills and oyster meat were each removed, and the meat was cut in half. The
      gills and the cut surface of the oyster meat were each cultured by inoculating
      them directly to the surface of agar plating media for the isolation of
      Vibrionaceae. Overall, 120 oysters were cultured, and 60 yielded Vibrionaceae.
      Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio fluvialis, and Vibrio vulnificus were the most
      commonly isolated organisms. Vibrionaceae were most often recovered from oysters
      collected under warm-water conditions from natural stocks (83% positive),
      followed by oysters from the same sites collected under cold-water conditions
      (35% positive). Only 29% of oysters collected from cultivated commercial stocks
      under warm water conditions yielded Vibrionaceae, and no Vibrionaceae were
      isolated from oysters collected from these sites during periods when water
      temperatures were low. The results suggest that oysters are a significant source
      of potentially pathogenic Vibrionaceae in the Pacific Northwest. However, the
      risk of exposure to these bacteria can be reduced by consumption of cultivated
      oysters harvested under cold-water conditions.

PMID- 3370930
TI  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Kanagawa-negative) wound infection in a hospital dietary
      employee.
AB  - Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an estuarine bacterium that is a major cause of
      gastroenteritis worldwide. Occasionally, this organism has also been shown to be
      the causative agent of wound infections. In almost all cases of gastrointestinal
      disease only strains that produce hemolysin ("Kanagawa-positive") are implicated.
      We have isolated a Kanagawa-negative strain of V. parahaemolyticus from serous
      wound drainage of the infected foot of a hospital dietary employee. To our
      knowledge, this is only the third documented case of wound infection caused by
      such an organism. In this instance, the potential threat of nosocomial
      transmission was of special concern in that the wound infection was present in a
      hospital food handler.

PMID- 3370929
TI  - Group G Streptococci: susceptibility patterns and the effect of the inoculum size
      and growth phase on the bactericidal activity of penicillin.
AB  - Twenty-seven independent group G streptococcal isolates were studied by in vitro
      susceptibility testing against 22 different antimicrobial agents. Penicillin with
      a MIC90 of 0.03 micrograms/ml and ampicillin with a MIC90 of less than or equal
      to 0.015 micrograms/ml remain the agents of first choice for treatment of group G
      streptococcal infections. Tolerance was not demonstrated using the macrobroth
      dilution method in four media, Todd-Hewitt, Mueller-Hinton, Mueller-Hinton
      (cation-supplemented), and Tryptose Phosphate broths. Multiple regression
      analyses of time-kill curves of group G streptococci showed that the rate of cell
      death with penicillin at 0.04 micrograms/ml (five times greater than each
      organism's MIC) for both logarithmic- and stationary-phase cells with low-inocula
      were the same, but were five to six times greater in rate of death compared to
      the high-inocula cultures. Increasing the concentration to 1 microgram/ml of
      penicillin (125 times greater than each organism's MIC) did not significantly
      affect the rate of cell death for low-inocula cultures of either phase.
      Therefore, the size of the inoculum was found to be more significant than the
      phase of bacterial growth. These findings may explain the therapeutic discrepancy
      of relapses or prolonged group G streptococcal infections despite the organism
      being susceptible to the given antibiotic.

PMID- 3370931
TI  - Effect of clavulanic acid on the susceptibility of clinical anaerobic bacteria to
      ticarcillin: a multicenter study.
AB  - Over 2,000 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria were tested at five
      medical centers for susceptibility to ticarcillin, ticarcillin plus clavulanic
      acid, clindamycin, and metronidazole. At 64 micrograms/ml, ticarcillin inhibited
      92% of all isolates, but 98% were inhibited at this concentration when 2
      micrograms/ml of clavulanic acid was added. With different Bacteroides species,
      clavulanic acid reduced ticarcillin MICs 2- to 32-fold; other anaerobic species
      were not significantly affected.

PMID- 3370932
TI  - Antimicrobial activity of U-76,252 (CS-807), a new orally administered
      cephalosporin ester, including recommendations for MIC quality control.
AB  - U-76,253A (R-3746), the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, U
      76,252 (CS-807), was tested against 4,742 fresh clinical isolates from four large
      medical centers. U-76,253A was very active against nearly all species of
      Enterobacteriaceae (87.7% inhibited at less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml).
      Staphylococcus spp., and the streptococci. The U-76,253A spectrum was superior to
      the comparison orally administered cephalosporins (cephalexin, cephradine,
      cefaclor). Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., and the enterococci were
      resistant to U-76,253A and the other tested drugs. Broth microdilution MIC
      quality control (QC) limits were established for U-76,253A in a multilaboratory
      investigation using a minimum of 125 MIC determinations per organism. The
      following MIC QC ranges were recommended; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) = 0.25
      1.0 micrograms/ml, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) = 2.0-4.0 micrograms/ml and
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) = greater than 32 micrograms/ml.

PMID- 3370933
TI  - Discrepancy between growth of Coccidioides immitis in bacterial blood culture
      media and a radiometric growth index.
AB  - Spherules of Coccidioides immitis grew readily after inoculation in vented
      trypticase soy broth, biphasic brain heart infusion media, and aerobic tryptic
      soy broth bottles used in a radiometric system (BACTEC). However, visible growth
      was not accompanied by a significant radiometric growth index. Growth of C.
      immitis can be visually detected in routine bacterial blood culture media while
      the radiometric growth index remains negative.

PMID- 3370935
TI  - Progress in community mental health.

PMID- 3370934
TI  - The plight of chronic self-mutilators.
AB  - Self-mutilation is a more common behavior than generally realized; its prevalence
      may be 750 per 100,000. From the responses of 250 subjects to a Self-Harm
      Behavior Survey we have learned that self-mutilation typically begins in early
      adolescence and may assume a chronic course characterized by severe psychosocial
      morbidity. Some chronic self-mutilators already are heavy and generally
      dissatisfied users of mental health services. The number of them seeking help may
      increase as a result of heightened public awareness. Community mental health
      facilities may be hard-pressed to meet the needs and demands of these clinically
      vexing patients.

PMID- 3370936
TI  - Mental health professionals and suspected cases of child abuse: an investigation
      of factors influencing reporting.
AB  - The prevalence and effects of child abuse have been reported in numerous studies.
      Although mandatory reporting laws require professionals to report suspected cases
      of child abuse, studies have indicated that large percentages of mental health
      professionals report selectively. The present study investigates professionals'
      tendency to report and attribution of responsibility for child abuse. One-hundred
      and one mental health clinicians working within three community mental health
      centers (CMHCs) completed experimentally controlled vignettes manipulating victim
      age, type of abuse, and victim reactions during an interview. Results indicated
      81% of the clinicians tended to report the presented case of child abuse.
      Clinicians' tendency to report depended on the level of certainty they had that
      abuse was occurring. Professionals' attribution of responsibility to the father
      and mother varied as a function of the type of abuse occurring. The impact of
      victim characteristics on clinicians' reporting is discussed.

PMID- 3370937
TI  - Influence of feminism and professional status upon service options for the
      battered woman.
AB  - This paper reports on a survey of volunteers from domestic violence agencies and
      social workers throughout one state. Respondents were given a hypothetical case
      of an abused wife and asked to rate the level of their emphasis upon several
      services in their work with this woman. The services were divided into two
      categories: those which focused upon independence and those which focused upon
      interpersonal dynamics. It was found that feminist ideology and gender were
      better predictors of emphasis upon independence than either professional status,
      age, gender, experience with abused wives, or personal history with spouse abuse.
      The finding that social workers emphasized independence more so than did
      volunteers ran counter to some concerns expressed in the previous literature.

PMID- 3370938
TI  - Community mental health staff utilization in Washington State: characteristics
      and target groups.
AB  - This study addresses human resource development issues for the State of
      Washington by examining relationships among clinical staff characteristics such
      as sex, educational level, discipline of academic study, race-ethnic group, and
      years of mental health treatment experience, and relationships between these
      staff characteristics and characteristics of staff caseloads, primarily percent
      of caseload falling into various state priority populations: chronically mentally
      ill, children, elderly, and minority groups. Results are interpreted in terms of
      past and future state goals for the mental health service system.

PMID- 3370939
TI  - Psychiatric rehabilitation programs: putting concepts into practice?
AB  - Mental health settings serving the severely psychiatrically disabled or the long
      term chronic client have begun developing a rehabilitation orientation in an
      attempt to increase their effectiveness with this group. The authors have, in an
      earlier work, described basic elements of a rehabilitation program. These
      elements have been refined. Forty rehabilitation-oriented community and hospital
      agencies were assessed in terms of the presence or absence of these elements of a
      rehabilitation approach. Results indicate that the programs in the agencies
      clearly value client involvement and a program focus on improving skill and
      resource utilization. These concepts, however, are only beginning to be
      systematically implemented in practice.

PMID- 3370940
TI  - Psychiatric nursing roles in a community mental health center.
AB  - We describe the addition of medication monitoring to the duties of nurses working
      as case managers in a day treatment program for the chronically mentally ill. The
      nurses used their medical and behavioral knowledge to form a more complete
      picture of the patient than either a visiting psychiatrist or a case-manager who
      was not a nurse could do. This improved the integration of medication and other
      patient management decisions. It also improved cooperation between psychiatrists
      and nurses, better using the time and skills of both.

PMID- 3370941
TI  - A study on the information needs of pregnant women in New Zealand.

PMID- 3370942
TI  - The policy context in Australia: commonwealth government support for improved
      access to health and better health.

PMID- 3370943
TI  - The delivery of dental services: information, issues and directions.

PMID- 3370944
TI  - The measurement of socioeconomic inequality and social class in Australia: a
      review of past practices and recent developments.

PMID- 3370945
TI  - Parental perceptions of measles.

PMID- 3370946
TI  - Comparison of data process operators with and without upper limb symptoms.

PMID- 3370947
TI  - Intervention in childbirth and neonatal responsiveness.

PMID- 3370948
TI  - Sources of Australian pharmacoepidemiology data.

PMID- 3370949
TI  - Commerce or con: young people and cigarette advertising.

PMID- 3370950
TI  - Showers in raincoats: attitudinal barriers to condom use in high-risk
      heterosexuals.

PMID- 3370951
TI  - Characterization of size-dependent exchange of PEG molecules between the blood
      and extravascular space in the pig.
AB  - Different sized polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been used as probe molecules in
      studies of size-dependent permeation through the intestinal wall and the
      glomerular membranes. We have curve-fitted a three-compartment model to the
      urinary recovery data following intravenous injection of different sized PEG
      molecules in the pig. The rate constants to and from the extravascular space
      demonstrate a strong size-dependent selectivity for PEG molecules less than 502
      Da, but the rate constants to the urine are almost the same for all PEG
      molecules. This is discussed in relation to the selectivity in the glomerular
      filtration, distribution volume, and the use of PEG molecules as tracers in the
      permeability studies.

PMID- 3370952
TI  - Multivariate spectral methods for the analysis of event-related brain potentials.
AB  - The purpose of this article is to present some useful mathematical models for the
      analysis of multiple electrode event-related brain potential (ERP) experiments.
      We describe a multivariate spectral method for eye-movement removal and we also
      describe a multivariate spectral method for the analysis of multiple lead
      repeated measures data. The complex T2 and the complex Behrens-Fisher Problem are
      also discussed. All of the above methods are applied to experimental ERP data for
      four electrodes, two groups and two repeated factors.

PMID- 3370953
TI  - RCJOIN: a FORTRAN program for isolating sources of interaction in two-way tables
      of counts.
AB  - RCJOIN simultaneously clusters rows and columns of a two-way table of counts in
      an attempt to locate homogeneous subtables. Blocks of cells causing the table as
      a whole to be nonhomogeneous are identified and isolated.

PMID- 3370954
TI  - On the sensitivity of linear discriminant analysis to sampling variation and
      analytical errors.
AB  - The influence of analytical inaccuracy and imprecision on the linear discriminant
      function is considered. Analytical shifts occurring between the analysis of
      samples from each of two groups give spuriously low error rates if the function
      is evaluated on the training set, notably at high dimensions. Inaccuracy arising
      after the establishment of a discriminant function may change considerably the
      individual group error rates whereas the overall error rate is moderately
      affected. Imprecision decreases the group separation by an amount comparable to
      that in the univariate situation. In conclusion, evaluation of the error rates of
      a discriminant function on an independent test set is important to obtain
      realistic estimates of the performance and is preferable to using unbiased
      statistical methods or the split-sample principle based solely upon the training
      set.

PMID- 3370955
TI  - An image filing system for the implementation of image processing algorithms in a
      research environment.
AB  - An image filing system (IFS) has been written to facilitate the implementation
      and testing of image processing algorithms in a research environment. A
      programming substrate has been developed to provide applications with routines
      for acquiring, displaying, and manipulating images without regard for the
      underlying information format. Images of diverse modalities are cataloged and
      tracked through a series of image operations with descriptive pointers to all
      antecedents. This paper presents the design and implementation of the image
      filing system and describes one of the major image processing applications
      developed in the IFS environment.

PMID- 3370956
TI  - A database management system for residency applicant files.
AB  - An automated system for recording information pertaining to applicants to the
      Internal Medicine Residency Program at Temple University Hospital was developed
      in 1983. Major objectives were to improve recordkeeping, filing, communication
      with applicants, and efficiency of the review committee's process. Reports
      generated have permitted tracking of the applicant pool throughout the recruiting
      season and collection of statistics which may be compared with prior years. The
      capacity of the Residency Office to market the Internal Medicine Residency
      Program through prompt, accurate, and personal communication with each applicant
      has been facilitated.

PMID- 3370957
TI  - [Hospitals as organizations for clinical practice--problems involving physicians
      and support personnel].

PMID- 3370958
TI  - [Definition of psychiatry--establishment of scientific psychiatry (10)].

PMID- 3370959
TI  - [Research report: use of the one-point lesson taught at a month-long Kansai
      nursing seminar in training of nursing students].

PMID- 3370960
TI  - [A comment on the nursing research report by Ms. Shimizu].

PMID- 3370961
TI  - [Discussion on the nursing report by Ms. Shimizu: observation on understanding
      the characteristics of the subject matter--use of a total model].

PMID- 3370962
TI  - [Responses, behavior trends, and related factors of nurses facing terminal
      patients].

PMID- 3370964
TI  - Social learning and systems family therapy for childhood oppositional disorder:
      comparative treatment outcome.

PMID- 3370963
TI  - Indications for carbamazepine in mental illness: atypical psychiatric disorder or
      temporal lobe syndrome?

PMID- 3370965
TI  - Developmental factors in the outcome of borderline personality disorder.

PMID- 3370966
TI  - Sexual life events and schizophrenia.

PMID- 3370967
TI  - The subjective experience of deficits in schizophrenia.

PMID- 3370968
TI  - Violence and psychopathology: a longitudinal study.

PMID- 3370969
TI  - Personality variables, neurological and psychopathological symptoms in patients
      suffering from spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 3370970
TI  - Attitudes toward patients among different mental health professional groups.

PMID- 3370972
TI  - No help from lithium? About patients who might have been but were not helped by
      prophylactic lithium treatment.

PMID- 3370971
TI  - DSM-III at the cinema: madness in the movies.

PMID- 3370973
TI  - The relationship of panic attacks to autonomically labile generalized anxiety.

PMID- 3370974
TI  - Relationships between panic disorder and separation anxiety with school phobia.

PMID- 3370975
TI  - Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated pneumothorax.

PMID- 3370977
TI  - Critical care helicopter service. Evaluation of prehospital utilization in trauma
      care.

PMID- 3370976
TI  - Thoracoscopy for diagnosis of chest disease.

PMID- 3370978
TI  - Male abortion counseling. Prevention of repeat abortions through male counseling.

PMID- 3370979
TI  - Guidelines for effective school health education to prevent the spread of AIDS.
      Centers for Disease Control.

PMID- 3370980
TI  - Mercury exposure in a high school laboratory--Connecticut.

PMID- 3370981
TI  - Report on the accreditation process. AMA Council on Medical Education.

PMID- 3370983
TI  - The duty to treat AIDS patients: ethical and legal perspectives.

PMID- 3370982
TI  - Male abortion counseling.

PMID- 3370984
TI  - The RAP problem.

PMID- 3370985
TI  - International Symposium on Gossypol Research for Fertility Regulation. Wuhan,
      China, 15-17 October 1986. Representative papers.

PMID- 3370986
TI  - Effects of K salt or a potassium blocker on gossypol-related hypokalemia.
AB  - Gossypol was found to be an effective male contraceptive. The most serious side
      effect of gossypol contraception was the presumed lowering of serum potassium
      levels. The purpose of this present randomized and controlled study was to
      evaluate the merit of ingesting K salt or a potassium blocker while using
      gossypol. Results indicated that supplementation of K salt does not cause a
      reversal of the effect of gossypol on serum potassium levels and the blocker
      triamterene does not prevent loss of serum potassium.

PMID- 3370987
TI  - Clinical safety of long-term administration of gossypol in 32 cases.
AB  - Thirty-two men have taken gossypol acetic acid for long periods (6-10 years). The
      users had side effects during the entire course. Serum glutamate-pyruvate
      transaminase (SGPT) was increased in 3 cases and persisted for more than a year.
      There was a downward trend in plasma potassium level during the loading phase.
      But, hypokalaemic paralysis did not occur. Results of semen analysis showed that
      the shorter the duration of gossypol administration, the higher the recovery
      rate. The positive rate of Et formation of peripheral blood lymphocytes was
      remarkably decreased. After cessation of gossypol for 6-12 months, Et formation
      of the group stopping drug showed a recovering trend, but had not recovered to
      normal. The IgG level in the serum of treatment group was decreased, but was
      still within normal range.

PMID- 3370990
TI  - Effects of gossypol on the kidney with special emphasis on potassium (K)
      excretion.
AB  - The overall and renal toxicity of racemic gossypol acetic acid was assessed in 6
      mongrel dogs. Oral racemic gossypol acetic acid was given orally at doses
      increasing from 10 to 40 mg/d for a total of 6 weeks in 3 female dogs and from 40
      to 80 mg/d for a total of 4 weeks in 3 male dogs. The animals were then
      sacrificed. Drug tolerance was excellent. Pathological examination of the liver
      and heart was normal. Renal function remained normal. The renal excretion of K,
      Mg, phosphate and acid remained normal. Serum K remained within the range
      appropriate for animals on a K-free diet. Pathological examination of the kidney
      disclosed mild proximal tubule vacuolization similar to that observed in animals
      on a K-free diet and small brownish pigment deposits in a few tubular cells.
      Spermatogenesis was arrested in the testes of one of the 3 male dogs. We conclude
      that short exposure to 10 to 80 mg/day of gossypol does not result in detectable
      toxic effect. Neither significant hypokalemia nor a tubular K leak were observed.

PMID- 3370989
TI  - Evaluation of the renal tubulo-toxic effect of gossypol by urinary protein
      analysis with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - The present study assessed the urinary protein with SDS-PAGE technique and by
      using gentamicin as a positive control for a comparative study to evaluate the
      renal toxic effect of gossypol. Results indicated that gentamicin could induce
      proteinuria by alteration of glomerular permeability to cause over-filtration of
      high molecular weight proteins, damage the brush border (BB) membrane of proximal
      renal tubules and impair tubular reabsorption function. Gossypol could also
      induce proteinuria in certain cases of guinea pigs but not at all in gossypol
      treated rats. However, an increase in low molecular weight protein bands (M.W.
      range 20-30 kd) in urinary electrophoregram of gossypol-treated rats were
      detectable.

PMID- 3370988
TI  - Clinical microdose study of gossypol: effect on sperm motility and renal
      function.
AB  - This study is part of a series designed to identify the smallest effective
      gossypol dose for male fertility control. Three men, aged 31-35 years, were
      administered gossypol, 10 mg/day, orally for 3 months. Urinalysis and assays for
      plasma hormone values, including cortisol, beta 2-microglobulin, potassium, and
      BUN, showed no changes during treatment. Forward sperm motility, however, was
      severely affected by the end of the treatment period (less than 4% forward
      motility). Sperm density also showed a marked decrease. The subjects developed no
      undue side effects.

PMID- 3370991
TI  - The toxicology of gossypol acetic acid and (-)-gossypol.
AB  - The toxicity of gossypol has been investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats at dosages
      of 0, 0.5, 5.0 and 25 mg/kg per day of (+/-)-gossypol acetic acid. The most
      significant toxicological finding was marked suppression of body weight gain in
      rats receiving 25 mg/kg per day. Terminal studies showed 6 out of 20 rats
      receiving 25 mg/kg per day to have varying degrees of testicular pathology. Five
      mg/kg per day was shown to be a "no effect" level. A study in cynomolgus monkeys
      at 25 mg/kg per day of (+/-)-gossypol acetic acid for 13 weeks induced death, a
      variety of clinical signs, extensive biochemical change and pathology in the
      heart, liver, kidney and testes. The toxicity of (-)-gossypol was investigated in
      male cynomolgus monkeys at dosages of 1.5, 4 or 5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. No
      animals died. Clinical signs involving the gastrointestinal tract, adverse
      effects on body weight gain, consistent biochemical changes in serum proteins,
      calcium, inorganic phosphorus and serum cholesterol were recorded at 4 mg/kg per
      day and above. Morphological change was not induced.

PMID- 3370992
TI  - Gossypol acetate-induced SCEs in spermatogonia and bone marrow cells of mice:
      dose-response relationships.
AB  - Gossypol acetic acid has been shown to have the effect of increasing the SCE
      frequencies in the spermatogonial cells of mice. This study further confirmed the
      genotoxic effects of gossypol acetic acid by investigating the dose-response
      relationships of gossypol acetic acid-induced SCEs in spermatogonial cells and
      bone marrow cells of mice. Twelve or over 12 mg/kg body weight of the dosage per
      day could increase the SCE frequencies of both bone marrow cells and
      spermatogonial cells. The increase of SCE frequency appeared to be directly
      correlated with the doses used at significant levels (p less than 0.001).
      Regression lines indicated that, in spite of cell type variation, the SCE induced
      was proportional to the dose of gossypol acetic acid.

PMID- 3370993
TI  - A developmental toxicity evaluation of gossypol.
AB  - In utero development was analyzed in pregnancies that resulted from matings
      between gossypol-treated male rats and untreated female rats, and in pregnancies
      in which gossypol was administered to the pregnant rat only. Gossypol treatment
      of males had no effect on the outcome of pregnancy. There was no significant
      effect on resorption, fetal growth, or malformation rate. Similarly, gossypol
      administered to pregnant dams at stages during organogenesis had no observable
      effect on pregnancy. Under the conditions of this experiment, gossypol
      administered to either the breeding male rat or the pregnant female rat had no
      demonstrable adverse effect on development in utero.

PMID- 3370994
TI  - Selective toxicity of gossypol against epithelial tumors and its detection by
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The antitumor toxicity of gossypol was measured in 6 human carcinoma cell lines
      and compared with its toxicity against human bone marrow stem cells. Marrow cells
      were more resistant than any of the tumor cell lines, and tumor cell sensitivity
      depended on the content of intracellular LDH-M. [31P]-Magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy showed decline in tumor ATP levels occurring within 24 hours of
      treatment, suggesting that this non-invasive technique may serve as an early
      biochemical monitor of gossypol toxicity.

PMID- 3370995
TI  - Large-scale resolution of gossypol enantiomers for biological evaluation.
AB  - Gossypol has been resolved into its pure optical isomers by conversion into the
      Schiff's base derivative of (+)-phenylalanine methyl ester, normal or reverse
      phase chromatography and hydrolysis. Forty grams of pure (-)-gossypol has been
      prepared in a micronised form for assessment of its antifertility and
      toxicological effects.

PMID- 3370996
TI  - Isolation of (-)-gossypol from natural plant.
AB  - (-)-Gossypol has been isolated from cottonseed of G. barbadense L. Three
      Gossypium species were studied for the isolation. The study has also revealed a
      correlation between the optical activity of gossypol isolated and the species of
      cottonseed used. Gossypol isolated from the species G. barbadense is always found
      to be levorotatory caused by an excess of (-)-gossypol, whereas that from the
      species G. hirsutum is always dextrorotatory caused by an excess of (+)-gossypol.
      Results of most samples (cultivars) showed that optical purity of gossypol
      isolated from G. barbadense varied from 10-25%, while that from G. hirsutum
      varied from 10-20%. This is the first report of (-)-gossypol occurring naturally.

PMID- 3370997
TI  - Anti-fertility and other actions of gossypol analogues.
AB  - From a series of gossypol derivatives studied, we conclude that the carbonyl
      groups of gossypol are needed for inhibition of erythrocyte anion transport and
      the hydroxy groups affect but are not essential to that inhibition. In an in
      vitro mouse erythroleukemia cytocidal assay, the most active compounds were
      gossypol and apogossypol. The latter was not active in the inhibition of
      erythrocyte anion transport or in a spermicidal assay. Of the more simple
      structures related to gossypol, those that were active in the cytocidal and
      spermicidal assays were bi-aromatic, linked by a 1- and not a 4-carbon chain and
      had free phenolic hydroxyl groups. These results are included in a discussion of
      the specificity and mechanism of action of gossypol.

PMID- 3370999
TI  - The effects of gossypol on nuclear protein in rat testes. I. Reduction in the
      content of basic proteins in the spermiogenic cells.
AB  - In rat testes, after 45 days of gossypol treatment, the number of round
      spermatids (RS) reduced from 9.8 x 10(6) to 6.2 x 10(6) per testis. The number of
      elongating spermatids (ES) reduced from 6.4 x 10(6) to 3.1 x 10(6) per testis.
      Total nuclear basic proteins (TNBP, i.e., somatic type of histones H1, H2A,B, H3,
      and H4, plus testis-specific proteins TP1,2,3, and sperm-specific S1 proteins)
      were extracted from RS and ES. Gossypol has no detectable effect on the
      concentration of TNBP in RS. However, significant effect was found in ES, where
      TNBP was reduced from 8.7 micrograms to 6.8 micrograms/10(6) cells. A two-stage
      polyacrylamide gel has been used to separate the TNBP and the individual proteins
      were quantified by a Beckman Model DU-7 computer-monitored spectrophotometer. In
      the RS cells, the content of the TNBP was not sensitive to gossypol. However, in
      the ES cells, the content of histones H1, H2A, and H2B were reduced by gossypol
      treatment (with an inhibition of 50%, 58%, and 31%, respectively). The inhibition
      on H3, TP1, TP3 and S1 was insignificant by gossypol.

PMID- 3370998
TI  - Sites of action of gossypol studied by autoradiography and enzyme histochemistry.
AB  - The distribution of 14C-gossypol acetate was studied by autoradiography in male
      rats after intraperitoneal or intratesticular injection. Accumulation of
      radioactivity was found in testis, kidney and liver, while there was little in
      brain, pituitary and epididymis. In testis, high accumulation occurred in
      interstitial cells, with low levels in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and
      spermatocytes. In addition, the chronic effect of gossypol was assessed by enzyme
      histochemistry with thiamine pyrophosphate, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase,
      and by lipid stain. In the treated animals an increased number of luminal
      exfoliated cells (Sertoli cells, germ cells and spermatids) was noted, which
      showed positive reactions. The results suggest both direct and indirect effects
      of gossypol on testicular functions.

PMID- 3371000
TI  - The effects of gossypol on nuclear protein in rat testes. II. The synthesis of
      histones and testis-specific proteins after gossypol treatment.
AB  - This communication is to report the effects of gossypol on the synthesis of
      chromosomal basic proteins in the spermiogenic cells. A double-labelling
      experiment has been performed. The control rats received 14C-arginine, whereas
      the gossypol-treated rats received a 3H-arginine injection. An equal volume of
      the tissues (from control and gossypol-treated) were combined, and the total
      nuclear basic proteins (TNBP) from round spermatids (RS) and elongating
      spermatids (ES) were extracted for electrophoretic separation. By studying the
      ratio of 3H/14C, it was indicated that the synthesis of H1, H3, H2B plus H2A and
      TP1 in the RS was reduced by gossypol. The amount of inhibition of these proteins
      were 48%, 19%, 27%, and 11%, respectively. In the ES, the synthesis of H1, H3,
      H2B plus H2A, H4 plus TP2, TP3, and TP1 was reduced by gossypol, the reduction
      was 33%, 22%, 26%, 14%, 33%, and 8%, respectively. The synthesis of S1 protein
      was not inhibited by gossypol in both RS and ES.

PMID- 3371001
TI  - Antifertility, spermicidal and ultrastructural effects of gossypol and
      derivatives administered orally and by intratesticular injections.
AB  - Because there are problems, in men, associated with the use of gossypol related
      to reversibility and, infrequently, hypokalemia, several laboratories around the
      world have resorted to the synthesis and evaluation of experimental analogs and
      optical isomers of gossypol in an attempt to find a compound which retains its
      pharmacologically desirable antifertility effects while eliminating its
      suboptimal ones. The present study documents: (a) the effects of fourteen new,
      orally-administered synthetic analogs of gossypol on testicular ultrastructure
      and fertility in hamsters, (b) the in vitro effects of these compounds as well as
      of the optical isomers of gossypol against hamster and human sperm, and (c) the
      morphological and antifertility effects of intratesticular injections of gossypol
      PVP and its optimal isomers in the rat. The results of the study demonstrate that
      these new analogs are not effective as male antifertility agents and that their
      in vitro activity is unrelated to their in vivo contraceptive potential. In
      addition, this report establishes the validity of the intratesticular injection
      model for the analysis of the mechanism of action of gossypol and its analogs by
      making these compounds directly available at the testicular site. The
      significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 3371003
TI  - Atypical actinobacillosis granulomas in cattle.
AB  - Actinobacillus lignieresii is well recognized as the cause of "wooden tongue." We
      have encountered Actinobacillosis as the cause of granulomas in unusual
      locations. These lesions have been confused with neoplasms, nasal polyps, or
      exuberant granulation tissue. Four such cases constitute this report.

PMID- 3371002
TI  - Fractures in Thoroughbred race horses.

PMID- 3371005
TI  - Intra-osseous pressure of the equine third metatarsal bone.
AB  - Intra-osseous pressure was measured in the third metatarsal bone of 8 pony foals
      at the age of 1, 3, 6 and 26 weeks of age, and on one occasion in the third
      metatarsal bone of 5 ponies aged 1-5 years; the animals were under general
      anesthesia and in lateral recumbency. Saphenous venous pressure and lateral
      superficial plantar metatarsal arterial pressure were also monitored throughout
      the procedure. There were no statistically significant changes in the epiphyseal,
      diaphyseal, venous or arterial pressures with increasing age of the foals. There
      was no statistically significant difference between the mean epiphyseal and mean
      diaphyseal pressures in the foals. Individually however, the diaphyseal pressure
      exceeded the epiphyseal pressure in 32 of the 36 measurements made in the foals.
      Saphenous vein occlusion and intravenous adrenalin administration showed that
      both venous and arterial pressures influence intra-osseous pressure. Intra
      osseous injection of heparinized saline on one side of the growth plate produced
      an immediate massive increase in intra-osseous pressure on that side of the
      growth plate, but in almost all cases a concomitant rise in intraosseous pressure
      on the other side of the physis did not occur. Simulated effusion of the
      metatarsophalangeal joint was associated with an increase in intraosseous
      pressure in the adjacent metatarsal epiphysis, and flexion of the joint with an
      increase in intraosseous pressure in both the epiphysis and the metaphysis.

PMID- 3371004
TI  - Accessory parotid lymph nodes and hemal nodes in the temporal fossa in three
      oxen.
AB  - No description of accessory parotid lymph nodes in the ox was found in the 25
      references consulted. Accessory parotid lymph nodes in two fresh ox heads were
      found. One of the lymph nodes was located in the temporal fossa on the cornual
      A., between the artery and the zygomatico- temporal N. and the other one on the
      route of the lacrimal br. (A) and external ophthalmic V., ventral to the
      zygomatico-temporal N. The lymph nodes were atypical. The supportive tissue was
      primarily smooth muscle, no subcapsular or cortical sinuses were seen; no
      medullary region was evident and the lymphatic tissue was diffuse with no
      evidence of nodule formation. Two hemal nodes were found in the second and a
      third fresh ox head obtained from the same source. Both were located on the route
      of the lacrimal br. of the cornual A. The largest hemal node was normal
      histologically, with blood-filled sinuses and prominent, active lymphatic
      nodules. The small hemal node was somewhat atypical in that no trabeculae
      penetrated the parenchyma and the cortical lymphatic tissue was diffuse with no
      nodule formation.

PMID- 3371006
TI  - Problem solving deficits after focal cerebral lesions.
AB  - Verbal comprehension and naming, identification of categories, as well as problem
      solving on reasoning and sorting tasks were examined in 57 patients with focal
      brain lesions and 20 control patients. The results confirmed the prediction that
      frontal lobe lesions cause a more pronounced deficit in problem solving than
      posterior lesions. However, patients with left frontal lobe lesions showed verbal
      inefficiency which possibly disturbed their sorting on the basis of feedback, but
      the inferiority of the frontal lobe damaged patients on category identification
      was not secondary to this verbal deficit. As the patients with left posterior
      lesions did not have marked verbal deficits, the present findings should be
      confined to patients lacking severe aphasia, which may also disturb problem
      solving in patients with posterior lesions.

PMID- 3371007
TI  - Orthographic ambiguity: comments on Baxter and Warrington.
AB  - In this note, I comment on a recent study by Baxter and Warrington of an acquired
      dysgraphic patient, KT, that appeared in Cortex, 23, 1987. The focus of my
      discussion centers around Baxter and Warrington's findings that: (1) KT shows a
      striking orthographic "regularity" effect in his spelling performance and; (2)
      KT's use of sound-to-spelling mapping options does not reflect the distribution
      of use of these options in the word corpus examined. If well-founded, the
      implications of these results call into question specific features of the
      dominant model of spelling. However, a close scrutiny of the procedures used by
      Baxter and Warrington in analyzing their data indicates that they collapsed
      across factors that have elsewhere been shown to influence spelling performance
      (i.e., within-syllable frequency of occurrence of phoneme-grapheme mapping
      options). Therefore, results obtained for patient KT cannot, in their current
      form, be used to speak to the specific issues of spelling that Baxter and
      Warrington originally set out to address.

PMID- 3371008
TI  - Visual apperceptive agnosia: a clinico-anatomical study of three cases.
AB  - The visuo-perceptual abilities of three cases with unilateral lesions of the
      right hemisphere selected on the basis of the co-occurrence of impaired
      performance on a test of visual object perception and normal performance on a
      test of shape discrimination are reported. Their performance was also impaired on
      other tests of visual object recognition in which the perceptual difficulty of
      the task was manipulated by obscuring the salient features of the representation.
      At the same time it was found that on a variety of other tests of visual-sensory
      processing their performance was entirely normal, as was their performance on
      tests of visual semantic knowledge, tests that were failed by a patient with a
      visual associative agnosia. It is argued that this syndrome has all the hallmarks
      of an apperceptive agnosia, a failure of perceptual categorisation in which the
      physical identity of the object is specified. The two discontinuities between
      visual-sensory processing, perceptual categorisation and visual-semantic
      processing are discussed in terms of a 2 categorical stage model of object
      recognition.

PMID- 3371009
TI  - The case for biphoneme processing: a rejoinder to Goodman-Schulman.

PMID- 3371010
TI  - A study of metamemory in amnesic and normal adults.
AB  - This study explores metamemory in both amnesic and normal adult subjects. In this
      context metamemory is defined as an individual's knowledge about the functioning
      of memory in general rather than an individual's knowledge of their own memory.
      The amnesic patients were divided into those suffering from Korsakoff's Syndrome
      and a group suffering from amnesia as a result of presumed medial temporal
      damage. The analysis showed that both amnesic groups had poorer metamemory
      knowledge than controls but no difference between the amnesic groups was found. A
      analysis of concordance showed that the amnesic and control subjects were similar
      in terms of which questions they found either easy or difficult. A more refined
      analysis, however, showed that the amnesic groups differed most from controls on
      their knowledge of how strategies might improve memory. There was also evidence
      that the Korsakoff group lacked insight in contrast to the temporal lobe
      amnesics.

PMID- 3371011
TI  - Hand preference in a population of Swedish college students.
AB  - A hand preference inventory was administered to a population of 921 Swedish
      college students. The questions concern writing, drawing, throwing a ball,
      cutting with scissors, tooth brushing, cutting with a knife, and using a hammer,
      each with five response alternatives: always right, mostly right, either hand,
      mostly left and always left. A consistent preference over all activities for the
      left hand was rare (4%), but common for the right hand (62%). Corresponding
      percentages for writing hand were 9% and 89%, thus contradicting recent reports
      of a dramatic increase of left-handedness. There were no sex differences. Hand
      preference for writing was highly correlated with that for the other activities.
      Self-reported parental sinistrality was more common in respondents with a
      consistent left hand preference. There was no association between nonright
      handedness and self-reported early learning difficulties, although among females
      mixed handers tended to report a higher frequency of difficulties in learning to
      write.

PMID- 3371013
TI  - Singing ability after right and left sided brain damage. A research note.
AB  - Capacity to sing following brain damage was investigated in a series of 15 right
      sided and 15 left sided lesioned subjects and 15 normal control subjects. All
      subjects were asked to sing the same well-known song and performance was judged
      by independent expert musicians using criteria of ability to pitch the melody,
      accurately produce the rhythm, and overall quality of the production. There was a
      lack of support for differential effect of right and left cerebral damage on
      pitch and rhythm aspects of singing, but a generalized effect of brain damage was
      found.

PMID- 3371012
TI  - Hand preference in a normal population.
AB  - The Edinburgh Inventory was used to assess handedness in a normal population. The
      incidence of strong right-handedness increased with age and the incidence of left
      handedness fell with age, both significantly. A non-significant increase in the
      incidence of left-handedness in twins was observed. The difference in the
      incidence of left-handedness for males and females failed to reach significance
      but more males were left-handed than females. Any difference in the incidence of
      left-handedness between the sexes must be small (less than 1.5%) and this has
      major theoretical implications.

PMID- 3371014
TI  - Amnesic patients can benefit from instructions to use imagery: evidence against
      the cognitive mediation hypothesis.
AB  - Six bi-temporal amnesics and seven Korsakoff patients were compared on paired
      associate learning under four different conditions, rote learning, images
      provided, images self generated, and verbal mediation. Both imagery manipulations
      produced better learning than either rote learning or verbal mediation but the
      latter two conditions did not differ. The data are interpreted as arguing against
      an interpretation of amnesia in terms of cognitive mediation. The two patient
      groups behaved similarly in the experiment, thus suggesting that immediate recall
      of paired-associates learning does not differentiate different forms of organic
      amnesia.

PMID- 3371015
TI  - Verbal and abstract designs paired associate learning after unilateral temporal
      lobectomy.
AB  - The combined use of a new abstract designs Paired Associates test with the Verbal
      Paired Associates test of Form 1 of the Wechsler Memory Scale was investigated
      with respect to eliciting material specific memory deficits after unilateral
      temporal lobectomy. Although the verbal test differentiated between the memory
      ability of these two groups more clearly than the abstract designs test, the
      effectiveness of looking at the difference between total scores on the two tests
      was demonstrated. The two tests produced similar levels of performance in control
      subjects.

PMID- 3371016
TI  - Morphosyntactic processing in German agrammatism: a replication and revision of
      von Stockert/Bader (1976).
AB  - This paper reports the results of a revised replication of the von Stockert/Bader
      constituent ordering study (1976) with German agrammatics. Part 1 describes why
      such a replication was necessary. In part 2, the original study is summarized and
      the weaknesses are identified which caused a revision. Part 3 reports the
      replication study with 10 German agrammatics. The findings of the original study
      with respect to Broca's aphasics could not be replicated: instead of an almost
      total loss of morphosyntactic sensitivity, there was almost total preservation.
      Part 4 eliminates the possibility of a population artefact by reporting on the
      performance of 3 patients with global aphasia. Part 5 integrates the results of
      this study within a larger framework of syntax and inflectional morphology in
      (German) agrammatism.

PMID- 3371017
TI  - Emotional facial expressive and discriminative performance and lateralization in
      normal young adults.
AB  - Studies of cerebral dominance for posed emotional facial expression using free
      viewing of hemicomposites have produced inconclusive findings, and the
      concordance of facial emotion identification (discrimination) and the expression
      of the same facial emotion remains unknown. Expressive and discriminative (14
      men, 14 women) facial emotion performances of undergraduates and the
      lateralization of full-face and lower-face hemicomposite photographic montages of
      the expressions of six transcultural emotions (joy, sadness, fear, surprise,
      disgust, anger) as ascertained by 15 male and 15 female undergraduate judges were
      analyzed. All groups were matched for age and education. The lower face was non
      significantly left-face dominant, sadness was strongly significantly right-face
      dominant and fear was non-significantly left face dominant. Both sexes were
      equally lateralized overall and demonstrated the same pattern as described above,
      though slight (apparently trivial) differences appeared in multivariate analysis,
      and in univariate interactions. Results were interpreted as non-supportive of a
      simple right hemisphere dominance model of facial affect, nor of a left
      hemisphere-negative/right-hemisphere-positive model. It was concluded that facial
      affect dominance results are coherent only within, and not between, methods such
      as free viewing hemicomposite and tachistoscopic methods, and tasks, such as
      expressive and discriminative tasks.

PMID- 3371018
TI  - Perceiver bias in the processing of human faces: neuropsychological mechanisms.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that in face-to-face contexts perceivers are
      biased to judge the side of the poser's face to their left as more similar to the
      full face than the side to their right. Traditional explanations of the perceiver
      bias have presumed that it is a visual field effect, with the side of the poser's
      face falling within the perceiver's left visual field dominating impressions of
      the full face. In this study, five experiments are reported. In the first
      experiment, the validity of the perceiver bias phenomenon was supported. The
      remaining experiments examined three alternative accounts of the
      neuropsychological processes that underlie the perceiver bias. No support was
      obtained for the visual field explanation, nor for an account of the bias as due
      to asymmetry in gaze patterns. Support was obtained for an account emphasizing a
      hemispatial bias in central processing. Despite equivalent intake of information
      from both sides of space, the brain may differentially weight information as a
      function of hemispatial origin. Practical and theoretical implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 3371019
TI  - Incidence and morbidity of extubation failure in surgical intensive care
      patients.
AB  - The rate of extubation failure (reintubation rate) was determined for 700
      consecutive extubations in surgical patients admitted to one of two ICUs.
      Patients were weaned in a standardized fashion and extubated using a standardized
      gas exchange and mechanics criteria. Of 400 extubations in the general surgical
      ICU, there were 22 reintubations in 20 patients. Average age was 65 yr, and the
      major reason for reintubation was need for positive-pressure ventilation.
      Morbidity (pulmonary edema and/or pneumonia) was 36%, and the inhospital
      mortality was 40% in this group. The major cause of death was progressive
      cardiopulmonary failure. There were 10 failures in eight patients, of 300
      extubations in the Burn/Trauma unit, where the mean age was 44 yr. Five failures
      occurred in patients with smoke inhalation and burns, a 13% incidence in this
      population. The reason for reintubation was airway maintenance and pulmonary
      toilet. Four failures occurred in head injury patients, a 5% incidence with the
      major reason for reintubation being airway protection. Morbidity was 60% (new
      pulmonary infiltrates), while mortality rate was only 10% in this group. Only one
      failure was noted in a nonhead-injured trauma patient. In no group studied were
      any predictors of extubation failure detected. We conclude that the incidence,
      reasons for, and outcome of reintubations in surgical ICU patients varies
      dramatically depending on the underlying disease process. Overall failure rate
      was 4%.

PMID- 3371020
TI  - A direct relationship between ionized calcium and arterial pressure among
      patients in an intensive care unit.
AB  - Serum ionized calcium (Ca+2), creatinine, magnesium, phosphate, and arterial pH
      were measured in patients on admission to the medical ICU (MICU). Patients were
      classified into three groups: a) hypotensive (n = 38), those who received
      vasopressor support for frank hypotension; b) hypertensive (n = 21), those who
      required vasodilator therapy; and c) normotensive (n = 53), those who required
      neither vasopressor nor vasodilator therapy. Analysis of variance revealed that
      only Ca+2, creatinine, and arterial pH differed among the three groups. The
      difference in Ca+2 persisted when analysis of variance was repeated with
      creatinine as a covariate. Hypotensive patients had a significantly (p less than
      .05) lower mean Ca+2 (1.04 +/- 0.13 mmol/L) than normotensive patients (1.13 +/-
      0.10 mmol/L), who in turn had a significantly (p less than .05) lower Ca+2 than
      hypertensive patients (1.18 +/- 0.09 mmol/L). Ca+2 correlated with mean arterial
      pressure at the time of serum collection (n = 118; r = .43; p less than .01),
      independent of any other variable. Vasopressor support was required in 41% of
      hypocalcemic patients in comparison to 14% of normocalcemic patients (p less than
      .01). Vasodilator therapy was required for 34% of normocalcemic patients,
      compared to 7.5% of hypocalcemic patients (p less than .01). There appears to be
      a clinically significant association between hypotension and hypocalcemia. This
      association may or may not be causal.

PMID- 3371021
TI  - Predicting outcome of inhospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - We conducted a prospective study of CPR in our hospital in order to learn more of
      the factors influencing outcome. In a 7-month period, 71 patients underwent CPR.
      Twenty-nine (41%) were successfully resuscitated; of these, 13 (18% of the total
      group) survived to be discharged from the hospital. Factors associated with a
      successful outcome included occurrence of cardiopulmonary arrest within 24 h of
      hospitalization, short duration of CPR, and the absence of cardiogenic shock,
      sepsis, acute renal failure, cancer, and pneumonia. Factors which did not
      influence outcome included the patients' age, sex, location in hospital during
      the arrest (general ward vs. intensive cardiac care unit), time of day of the
      arrest, or the participation of senior physicians or anesthesiologists in the
      resuscitation.

PMID- 3371022
TI  - Cardiopulmonary effects of Intralipid infusion in critically ill patients.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary effects of 500 ml of 20% iv fat emulsion (Intralipid) infusion in
      two groups of patients who required mechanical ventilation were evaluated in our
      Critical Care Center. Group 1 included ten patients void of signs or symptoms of
      sepsis. Group 2 consisted of ten patients exhibiting clinical and laboratory
      signs and symptoms of sepsis. Data were measured before and immediately after
      Intralipid infusion and when serum lipemia cleared. Intralipid infusion
      precipitated a significant increase in venous admixture (Qsp/Qt) from 13.7 +/-
      3.6 (SEM) to 18.0 +/- 6.5% and from 22.0 +/- 4.8 to 25.8 +/- 7.0% in groups 1 and
      2, respectively. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) increased from 22.7 +/-
      4.2 to 29.2 +/- 8.1 mm Hg and 26.4 +/- 6.8 to 28.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg in groups 1 and
      2, respectively. When serum lipemia cleared, Qsp/Qt and MPAP returned to
      preinfusion levels. We conclude that Intralipid infusion increases pulmonary
      artery pressure and venous admixture in critically ill patients. These changes
      are temporary and coincidental with serum lipemia rather than presence or absence
      of sepsis. Adequate levels of oxygenation should be confirmed during Intralipid
      infusion in patients with borderline oxygenation.

PMID- 3371023
TI  - Ranitidine prophylaxis in acute gastric mucosal damage in critically ill
      pediatric patients.
AB  - We determined the ranitidine dosage necessary to maintain gastric pH at or above
      4 in 40 critically ill children. The patients were divided into four groups of
      ten patients each. They were treated with ranitidine in the following dosages: a)
      2 mg/kg by NG tube every 12 h; b) 4 mg/kg by NG tube every 12 h; c) 0.75 mg/kg iv
      every 6 h; d) 1.5 mg/kg iv every 6 h. The fourth group had a higher median pH
      than the other groups, in spite of also having the highest risk of acute gastric
      mucosal damage (AGMD). Eight (80%) of ten patients in the fourth group had a pH
      greater than or equal to 4 or more than 80% of the study period. We recommend 1.5
      mg/kg iv every 6 h for gastric acid inhibition in AGMD prophylaxis in children.

PMID- 3371025
TI  - Deleterious effects of stroma-free hemoglobin used as resuscitative fluid for
      rats with ischemic intestinal shock.
AB  - This study examined the effect of modified stroma-free Hgb solution (SFHS) as a
      resuscitative fluid for rats in an ischemic intestinal shock model. The
      experiments compared the effect of SFHS with two other resuscitative fluids:
      lactated Ringer's solution (RL) and 3% albumin in RL. The control group received
      no fluids. After the induction of shock, the resuscitative solution was given iv
      over a 6-h period. RL and albumin in RL resulted in long-term (greater than 7
      days) survival in 15 of 16 animals. All animals in the control group and six of
      eight animals in the SFHS-treated group died within 24 h. Hct was used to
      estimate changes in intravascular volume. All control animals became
      hemoconcentrated and exhibited a 50% loss in plasma volume. The failure of SFHS
      to improve significantly the survival in rats compared to the controls is
      surprising in view of the fact that the SFHS had the same oncotic pressure as the
      albumin-containing solution and identical volumes were administered.

PMID- 3371024
TI  - A comparison of patient, family, and physician assessments of the value of
      medical intensive care.
AB  - Medical ethics suggest that physicians incorporate patient preferences when
      making life-sustaining treatment decisions. This study therefore examines how
      closely physicians' assessments of the usefulness of intensive care agree with
      their patients' willingness to receive intensive care. Former intensive care
      patients, at least 55 yr old (or family members of nonsurviving patients), and
      their physicians were interviewed (n = 76 pairs of interviews) to determine how
      valuable each believe intensive care would be to the patient (on a scale of 0 to
      100%) under actual and ideal life circumstances. Little correlation was found
      between individual patient or family member and physician responses (Kendall's
      Tau ranged from -.14 to .22 depending on how long life was prolonged).
      Physicians' evaluations of intensive care for patients under ideal life
      circumstances were strongly correlated with physicians' personal preferences for
      intensive care (Kendall's Tau, .41 to .65, p less than .02). Because physicians
      and patients may not agree regarding the value of intensive care, physicians must
      explicitly discuss patients' preferences in order to reconcile wishes and
      justifiable needs for critical care.

PMID- 3371026
TI  - Correlation of transconjunctival PO2 with cerebral oxygen delivery during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.
AB  - The relationship between transconjunctival PO2 (PcjO2) and cerebral oxygen
      delivery (DO2) was examined in dogs during sinus rhythm and CPR with an
      inflatable vest. Microsphere-determined cerebral blood flow (CBF), DO2, and PcjO2
      readings were normal during sinus rhythm. During CPR, with carotid pressure of 82
      +/- 11/25 +/- 5 (SEM) mm Hg, cerebral perfusion and DO2 fell by 53% and 57%,
      respectively, while PcjO2 fell by 87%. After epinephrine administration, carotid
      pressure increased to 128 +/- 13/48 +/- 9 mm Hg, and CBF and DO2 rose to 130% and
      115% of pre-arrest levels, respectively, but PcjO2 readings remained at 11% of
      control values. Thus, PcjO2 failed to reflect accurately either CBF or DO2 during
      CPR. In the presence of epinephrine, PcjO2 does not seem to provide an accurate
      index of the effectiveness of CPR.

PMID- 3371027
TI  - Cricothyroid membrane puncture: oxygenation and ventilation in a dog model using
      an intravenous catheter.
AB  - A method for pediatric airway support was evaluated for the situation when mask
      ventilation or intubation is impossible. Mongrel dogs were sedated, intubated,
      and allowed to breathe room air for 30 min. Baseline variables were recorded, and
      the airway obstructed. After 2 to 3 min of hypoxia, arterial blood gas and
      hemodynamic data were again recorded. A percutaneous cricothyroid membrane
      puncture (PCMP) was then performed with a 12-ga iv catheter. Studies were carried
      out both in the presence and absence of spontaneous ventilatory efforts. With
      spontaneous ventilation, continuous low flow (1.0 L/min) oxygen insufflation
      provided oxygenation for 30 min and reversed increases in mean arterial pressure,
      pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance
      that had been produced by the obstruction. Respiratory acidosis occurred but was
      well tolerated. With paralyzed animals, whose ventilation was supported by a self
      inflating bag with 10.0 L/min of oxygen, all hemodynamic variables except PAP
      returned to normal, oxygenation was excellent, and PaCO2 values were maintained
      at steady, but elevated levels. Complications included bilateral tension
      pneumothorax in one animal. This experimental study supports anecdotal
      experiences where PCMP has been used and has proven lifesaving when standard
      resuscitative measures to establish a clear airway have failed.

PMID- 3371028
TI  - Single breath airway occlusion measurements of compliance and resistance
      utilizing a mechanical ventilator.
AB  - A simple manipulation of the outflow valve of a Baby Bird MKII ventilator was
      used to measure passive lung mechanics by the airway occlusion technique. The
      results showed satisfactory reproducibility and comparison with other techniques
      at intra and interstudy level. This technique may have important clinical
      ramifications as it allows measurements of passive lung mechanics to be made
      without the need for cumbersome valves or handling of the airway. This
      convenience could also allow for concomitant plethysmographic lung volume
      assessments.

PMID- 3371029
TI  - Thrombosis caused by polyurethane double-lumen subclavian superior vena cava
      catheter and hemodialysis.
AB  - During an 18-month period, 82 consecutive patients (37 women and 45 men), with a
      mean age of 50 yr (range 15 to 74), underwent hemodialysis with 91 polyurethane
      double-lumen subclavian superior vena cava catheters inserted via the right
      subclavian vein. Upon catheter removal, venograms were performed in 53 which
      revealed thrombosis in 13. Autopsy performed in 13 other patients revealed
      thrombosis in three. Mean catheter duration was 27 days (range 1 to 138).
      Catheter duration was significantly (p less than .01) longer in the 16 cases
      complicated by thrombosis. There was no significant difference in the frequency
      of thrombosis between men and women. Two patients developed symptoms of
      subclavian vein occlusion after the creation of an arteriovenous fistula on the
      same side as a previous hemodialysis catheter. Overall, thrombosis was found in
      23% and increased with longer catheter duration. We recommend phlebography to
      exclude thrombosis before creating an arteriovenous fistula on the same side as
      the previous hemodialysis catheter. There was no case of clinical discernible
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3371030
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism associated with castor oil ingestion.
AB  - We report a case of an amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) causing a cardiorespiratory
      arrest associated temporally with ingestion of castor oil in a full-term normal
      pregnancy. Risk factors usually associated with AFE were not found in this
      patient.

PMID- 3371032
TI  - Responsibility, conduct, and cost of critical care.

PMID- 3371031
TI  - Use of dobutamine for treatment of shock liver syndrome.

PMID- 3371033
TI  - Ethics in the critical care unit.

PMID- 3371034
TI  - Balloon aspiration of tracheal secretions.

PMID- 3371035
TI  - Do corticosteroids prevent postextubation laryngeal edema? Prospective study of
      276 adults.

PMID- 3371036
TI  - Disuse atrophy.

PMID- 3371037
TI  - Do bacteria have an intrinsic rhythmic sensitivity pattern?

PMID- 3371038
TI  - Left ventricular assist with a vortex pump without using anticoagulants.

PMID- 3371039
TI  - Pacing wire-induced recurrent ventricular tachycardia secondary to kinetic
      therapy bed motion.

PMID- 3371040
TI  - Relationship of oxygen delivery and mixed venous oxygenation to lactic acidosis
      in patients with sepsis and acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Critical decreases in oxygen delivery (DO2) and mixed venous oxygen saturation
      (SvO2) are associated with anaerobic metabolism and, therefore, lactic acidosis.
      We studied 50 consecutive patients with sepsis and 50 consecutive patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in whom the arterial blood lactate was greater
      than 1 mmol/L in order to determine critical thresholds of DO2 and SvO2. In both
      groups, critical values of DO2 or SvO2 associated with lactic acidosis could not
      be identified. The DO2 ranged from 136 to 811 ml/min.m2 and SvO2 ranged from 28%
      to 73% in the patients with sepsis. The DO2 ranged from 115 to 434 ml/min.m2 and
      SvO2 from 17% to 72% in patients with AMI. The absence of threshold values for
      DO2 and SvO2 probably reflects the influence of distributive flow abnormalities
      as well as differences in metabolic requirements in these critically ill
      patients.

PMID- 3371041
TI  - Effects on right ventricular function of a change from dopamine to dobutamine in
      critically ill patients.
AB  - In 15 critically ill patients requiring adrenergic support, right ventricular
      ejection fraction (RVEF) and right ventricular (RV) volumes were measured by the
      thermodilution technique receiving 5 micrograms/kg.min of dopamine and after
      replacement by the same dose of dobutamine. Shift from dopamine to dobutamine
      resulted in significant increases in stroke index from 28.1 +/- 3.6 to 31.0 +/-
      3.8 ml/m2 (p less than .01) and significant decreases in pulmonary artery balloon
      occluded pressure from 15.1 +/- 1.0 to 13.9 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (p less than .05) and
      right atrial pressure (RAP) from 14.0 +/- 1.3 to 12.2 +/- 1.1 mm Hg (p less than
      .05). RVEF increased slightly but significantly from 21.5 +/- 2.7% to 23.7 +/-
      2.9% (p less than .01) so that RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI) was unchanged
      (140 +/- 12 vs. 141 +/- 12 ml, nonsignificant). RVEDVI/RAP ratio increased from
      11.3 +/- 1.0 to 12.9 +/- 1.1 ml/mm Hg (p = .037). These results support the view
      that dobutamine has more favorable effects on RV function than dopamine in
      critically ill patients in the absence of profound hypotension and also indicates
      that higher filling pressures under dopamine administration can be related to
      changes in ventricular pressure/volume relationship.

PMID- 3371042
TI  - Reversal of intractable septic shock with norepinephrine therapy.
AB  - Ten patients with severe septic shock were studied. After plasma volume expansion
      to an optimal pulmonary artery wedge pressure, above which there were no further
      increases in cardiac index, all patients remained hypotensive and oliguric. The
      arterial hypotension was unresponsive to increasing doses of dopamine and
      dobutamine alone and to a fixed combination of both. In all patients studied,
      infusion of norepinephrine alone reversed the hypotension and increased
      significantly the mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and left
      ventricular stroke work index (p less than .005). There were only minor increases
      in heart rate. Oxygen transport indices measured in six patients demonstrated
      variable alterations in oxygen delivery and consumption.

PMID- 3371043
TI  - Prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and chronic liver disease admitted to the
      medical intensive care unit.
AB  - Patients with hepatic failure admitted to the medical ICU (MICU) generally have a
      poor prognosis. To determine if there were readily identifiable clinical factors
      associated with a high predictive value for outcome, we reviewed retrospectively
      the charts of 100 patients with serious liver disease admitted to the MICU. The
      overall mortality of the group was 64%. We found that Child's class, a need for
      mechanical ventilation, and an elevated serum creatinine had the greatest
      prognostic significance. Ninety-one percent of the patients receiving assisted
      ventilation, 89% of the patients in Child's class C, and 93% of the patients with
      creatinine values greater than 1.3 mg/dl died during their MICU admission.
      Furthermore, a multivariant regression analysis indicated that patients in
      Child's class C receiving mechanical ventilation who had an abnormal serum
      creatinine (greater than 1.3 mg/dl) during the first 72 h in the MICU had only a
      2% survival rate.

PMID- 3371044
TI  - Bacteriologic surveillance of indwelling urinary catheters in pediatric intensive
      care unit patients.
AB  - Daily cultures were obtained from the proximal tubing port on 108 indwelling
      urinary catheters in 100 pediatric ICU (PICU) patients aged 1 month to 17 yr to
      establish the risk of acquiring bacteriuria. Group 1 patients (58 catheters) were
      catheterized in the PICU and group 2 patients (50 catheters) were catheterized in
      the operating room. Group 1 patients had a significantly (p less than .03)
      greater risk of bacteriuria than group 2 during the early days of surveillance,
      but the final cumulative risk in both groups was similar (27% in group 1 and 37%
      in group 2). Combined, the overall cumulative risk was 29.1%. The risk of
      acquiring a urinary tract infection was not related to sex or prior antibiotic
      use. There was a significantly greater risk (p less than .025) in children under
      1 yr of age.

PMID- 3371045
TI  - Autopsy as quality assurance in the intensive care unit.
AB  - A prospective study of 100 autopsies was carried out. The clinical and pathologic
      diagnoses were made independently by intensivists and pathologists; at the end of
      the study, the differences were determined. There were seven Class I errors
      (which if detected before death, would probably have led to a change in
      management that might have resulted in cure or prolonged survival), six of these
      relating to the basic disease and one to the cause of death. Class II errors
      occurred in 15 patients, ten relating to the basic disease and five to the cause
      of death. In 61% of the patients, the major and minor diagnoses coincided. In 77%
      of the patients, the major diagnoses coincided. No relationship was found between
      the incidence of Class I and Class II errors and the length of the patients' stay
      in the ICU.

PMID- 3371046
TI  - Optimal composition of burn resuscitation fluids.
AB  - The hemodynamic, renal, and hematologic responses to fluid resuscitation with
      four different hydrating solutions (lactated Ringer's and hypertonic salt
      solutions, with and without albumin) administered in equal quantities were
      compared in an ovine burn model. Forty-five animals, including a sham group, were
      studied. The burn (40%, flame) was inflicted under anesthesia, but the animals
      were then studied while in the awakened state. Fluid resuscitation was begun one
      hour after the burn. While all animals survived the burn and disclosed reasonable
      hemodynamic stability throughout the experiment, those that received lactated
      Ringer's with albumin (LRA) restored their cardiac output to preburn values, by
      24 h postinjury demonstrated higher serum albumin and colloid osmotic pressure
      levels, experienced no electrolyte or acid-base imbalances, and maintained serum
      osmolality within normal limits. In contrast to the other solutions, LRA did not
      induce edema in unburned tissues, and seemed optimal for burn resuscitation.

PMID- 3371047
TI  - Continuous oxygen consumption measurement during initial emergency department
      resuscitation of critically ill patients.
AB  - A portable microcomputer-based monitoring system was adapted to permit frequent,
      on-line measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2) in critically ill, unstable
      patients in the ED during initial resuscitation. Nine adult patients were
      monitored with this system; they were found to have initial VO2 values that were
      markedly elevated, averaging 409 +/- 53 ml/min.m2. In the 11 major physiologic
      events which were observed in these patients, VO2 changes appropriately reflected
      alterations in the patients' clinical condition induced by therapeutic
      interventions or changes in cardiorespiratory state. This study demonstrates the
      feasibility of VO2 monitoring during initial resuscitation and suggests that
      measurement of VO2 in the ED may assist in the management of critically ill
      patients in this setting.

PMID- 3371048
TI  - Continuous ST segment analysis for the detection of perioperative myocardial
      ischemia.

PMID- 3371049
TI  - Retrograde technique for tracheal intubation in trauma patients.
AB  - Nineteen trauma patients with either maxillofacial trauma or cervical spine
      fracture were orotracheally intubated over a guidewire percutaneously inserted
      through the cricothyroid membrane into the mouth in a retrograde fashion. In 13
      patients, conventional techniques failed (average number of attempts 6 +/- 1,
      mean duration 18 +/- 1 min); in six patients, the initial method of choice was a
      retrograde technique. In all patients, retrograde technique succeeded on only one
      attempt (duration less than 5 min in all cases). No serious complication could be
      related to this technique; it is an easy, safe, efficacious method for difficult
      tracheal intubation in trauma patients.

PMID- 3371051
TI  - Hydrocortisone and pancuronium bromide: acute myopathy during status asthmaticus.

PMID- 3371050
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of cerebral air embolism from orogenital sex during
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3371052
TI  - Central line placement.

PMID- 3371053
TI  - Norepinephrine therapy in septic shock.

PMID- 3371054
TI  - Terminology: sepsis syndrome.

PMID- 3371055
TI  - Extracellular calcium protects cultured rat hepatocytes from injury caused by
      hypothermic preservation.
AB  - Effects of various preservation solutions were compared in an experimental
      hypothermic preservation model using cultured rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes
      prepared by the collagenase perfusion method were cultured for 48 hr, then the
      medium in each culture dish was exchanged for various preservation solutions, and
      the dishes were hypothermically (0-2 degrees C) stored in a refrigerator for 12
      72 hr. After the preservation period, the hepatocytes were cultured again at 37
      degrees C for 2 hr. Hepatocytes' viability after 18-hr preservation and reculture
      was greater when they were preserved in "intracellular" rather than
      "extracellular" solutions. Even with Euro-Collins solution (intracellular
      solution), hepatocyte viability decreased to approximately 20% after 24-hr
      preservation, and an increase in the cellular lipid peroxide content was
      observed. However, when this solution contained a submillimolar concentration of
      calcium, lipid peroxidation was significantly suppressed and hepatocyte viability
      was dramatically improved. Vitamin E was almost equally effective and a marked
      synergistic effect was observed with calcium. Calcium was found to be capable of
      maintaining the cellular glutathione level during cold storage, which seems to
      suppress lipid peroxidation and consequently improve hepatocyte survival.

PMID- 3371056
TI  - Studies on the mechanisms of mammalian cell killing by a freeze-thaw cycle:
      conditions that prevent cell killing using nucleated freezing.
AB  - Normally a freeze-thaw cycle is a very efficient method of killing mammalian
      cells. However, this report describes conditions that prevent killing of cultured
      mammalian cells by nucleated freezing at -24 degrees C. Optimal protection from
      cell killing at -24 degrees C was obtained in isotonic solutions containing an
      organic cryoprotectant such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 10%, v/v), a saccharide
      such as sucrose over a broad concentration range from 50 to 150 mM, and glucose.
      Glycerol was also an effective cryoprotectant but other organic solvents were
      ineffective, although in some cases they appeared to protect cell membranes,
      while not protecting other vital components. A wide variety of saccharide
      structures were effective at protecting cells from freeze-thaw killing, with
      trehalose being particularly effective. The degree of resistance to killing by a
      freeze-thaw cycle under these conditions varied widely among different cell
      lines. If toxicity of DMSO was responsible for this variability of
      cryoprotection, it must have been due to short-term, not longer term, toxicity of
      DMSO. Studies on the mechanism by which cells are protected from killing under
      these conditions indicated that neither vitrification of the medium nor the
      concentrating of components during freezing were involved. One model not
      eliminated by the mechanistic studies proposes that the organic solvent
      cryoprotectant component acts by fluidizing membranes under the thawing
      conditions, so that any holes produced by ice crystals propagating through
      membranes can reseal during the thawing process. In this model one of the
      mechanisms by which the saccharide component could act is by entering the cells
      and stabilizing vital intracellular components. Consistent with this, a freeze
      thaw cycle promoted the uptake of labeled sucrose into cultured cells.

PMID- 3371057
TI  - Protective effect of L-glutamine against freeze-thaw damage in mammalian cells.
AB  - L-Glutamine at 18 mM protects mammalian cells against freeze-thaw (FT) damage by
      a factor of about 6, depending on FT conditions, in balanced salt solutions.
      While not nearly as effective a cryoprotectant as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or
      propylene glycol (PG), the mechanism of protection by glutamine appears to be
      independent from that of DMSO or PG; thus, 18 mM glutamine is effective at
      reducing FT damage in combination with these agents. These combinations allow
      lower concentrations of the more toxic agents DMSO and PG to be used in FT
      medium. There is no pre-FT or post-FT effect of glutamine when cells are exposed
      to a FT cycle in balanced salt solutions. Hence, protection is due to its
      presence during the FT-cycle. The presence of 2 mM L-glutamine in Eagle's basal
      medium is sufficient to account for cryoprotection by this medium.

PMID- 3371058
TI  - Effect of salt concentration and unfrozen water fraction on the viability of
      slowly frozen ram spermatozoa.
AB  - Ram spermatozoa were subjected to a slow rate of freezing (1 degree C/min) in
      various glycerol-NaCl-water solutions of known composition such that the molal
      concentration of NaCl (ms) and the unfrozen fraction of water (U) could be
      calculated at subzero temperatures from the relevant phase diagram. Sperm
      motility was reduced as ms increased and U correspondingly decreased with
      temperature. However, by freezing spermatozoa in solutions of differing initial
      tonicities, but with a constant weight ratio of glycerol: salt, to various
      subzero temperatures, the effects of ms could be separated from those of U.
      Motility was found to decrease dramatically at values of U less than 0.07
      regardless of ms but, at higher values of U, maximum motility was dependent on
      the final salt concentration in that fraction, being reduced as the osmolality
      increased. Sperm cell concentration had no apparent effect on the influence of ms
      or U on viability in the range studied (3-12 x 10(8) spermatozoa/ml). In order to
      account for these observations, the effects of osmotic stress on spermatozoa were
      investigated. When subjected to sudden changes in osmolality of the suspending
      medium by increasing NaCl or sucrose concentration at room temperature,
      spermatozoa showed a decreased motility with increasing osmolality. Since no
      improvement in motility was found on returning the cells to isosmolar conditions
      cell damage appeared to be irreversible. Furthermore, when placed in solutions of
      increasing hypotonicity the number of swollen spermatozoa with looped tails
      increased with increasing hypotonicity. Since the drop in motility seen at low
      values of U corresponded to those spermatozoa exposed to a hypotonic starting
      solution, it is suggested that a hypotonic stress followed by a hypertonic stress
      during freezing and thawing may account for the profound loss of motility in
      these samples, while a hypertonic stress may account for the strong effect of ms
      seen at higher values of U.

PMID- 3371059
TI  - Cryopreservation studies of Campylobacter.
AB  - Seven strains of Campylobacter fetus ss. fetus, one of Campylobacter fetus ss.
      venerealis, and one of Campylobacter jejuni were preserved using a variety of
      cryopreservation methods. Organisms were frozen to -150 degrees C in a liquid
      nitrogen refrigerator, in the freezer compartment of a refrigerator (-20 degrees
      C), and in a mechanical freezer (-65 degrees C). In the latter two cases,
      viabilities of the organisms were compared after being frozen in Brucella Albimi
      broth and 10% glycerol. Viabilities were also examined after Campylobacter
      species were freeze-dried using rapid or slow cooling, using sucrose or skim milk
      as cryoprotective agents and in bulb-type vials on a manifold or batch vials.
      Preservation in liquid nitrogen resulted in no loss in viability after 4 years
      storage. When Campylobacter species were frozen at -20 degrees C, no cells were
      recovered after 1 month storage in Brucella Albimi broth or seven months in
      glycerol. A 6.5 log decrease in viability resulted after organisms were frozen at
      -65 degrees and subsequently stored at the same temperature for 2 years. In this
      case, glycerol had no protective advantage over Brucella Albimi broth.
      Postpreservation viability of organisms cooled slowly was two logs higher than
      those cooled rapidly prior to freeze-drying. When skim milk or sucrose were
      employed as cryoprotective agents during freeze-drying, equal viabilities
      resulted. Equivalent viabilities were also demonstrated when the bulb type or
      "batch" vials were utilized for freeze-drying. No significant differences were
      observed between the viabilities of the three species when a given
      cryopreservation method was employed.

PMID- 3371060
TI  - Peripheral tissue freezing in cryosurgery.
AB  - The recently formulated bioheat equation of Weinbaum and Jiji which accounts for
      the vascular ultrastructure and blood perfusion was applied to the freezing of
      peripheral tissue. Using quasi-steady approximation the temperature distribution
      in the two-phase tissue and the motion of the frozen front were determined.
      Results are in good agreement with Pennes' bioheat equation.

PMID- 3371061
TI  - Reversible effects of glycerol on the metabolism of platelets kept at room
      temperature.
AB  - The effects of the addition and removal of glycerol on the metabolic activities
      of human platelets were studied. Platelet concentrates (PC) with 20 ml plasma
      were stored with 3-7% (v/w) glycerol in 150-ml polyvinylchloride plastic bags for
      2 days at 22 degrees C with constant agitation. Incubation of glycerol with
      platelets produced a dose-dependent inhibition of oxygen consumption. The
      inhibitions of glucose utilization and lactate production had reached the plateau
      level at 3% glycerol. The rate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation of
      control platelets was 9.8 nmol/min/10(9) platelets, in which over 90% ATP
      generation was derived from oxidative phosphorylation. There was a dose-dependent
      decrease (up to 20%) by glycerol in the rate of platelet ATP generation. Glycerol
      inhibited glycolysis more than oxidative phosphorylation. However, the inhibition
      potency diminished with increasing concentrations of glycerol. The energy
      metabolism of platelets after removal of 5% glycerol was examined. Deglycerolized
      platelets after 1 hr incubation facilitated energy metabolism more strongly than
      that of 24 hr incubation. The platelet aggregation response to collagen was not
      impaired by a cycle of the addition and removal of glycerol. The results indicate
      that glycerol lowered the rate of ATP generation of platelets stored at 22
      degrees C. However, the removal of glycerol reversed the decreased energy
      metabolism.

PMID- 3371062
TI  - Cryopreservation of rat blastocysts by vitrification.
AB  - Rat blastocysts equilibrated with vitrification solution (VS1), consisting of
      dimethyl sulfoxide, acetamide, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol were
      plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. The embryo suspension are solidified by an
      extreme elevation in viscosity of solution. The embryos are cryopreserved by
      vitrification without intra- and extracellular ice formation. The proportion of
      morphologically normal embryos after cooling and warming was 79% (117/149) and
      all (48/48) of the embryos cultured were developed to expanded or hatched
      blastocysts. Normal live young were obtained 41% of the time (28/69) after
      transfer of the cooled and warmed embryos to pseudopregnant recipients.

PMID- 3371063
TI  - Development of hereditary tapetal degeneration in the beagle dog.
AB  - Laboratory beagle dogs with an apparent absence of a tapetum lucidum were
      identified by ophthalmoscopic examination. Breeding experiments demonstrated a
      probable autosomal recessive mutation. Studies of the development of the tapetal
      abnormality showed that up to postnatal day 21 the tapetum was normal by light
      and ultrastructural morphology. Subsequent to that time the tapetal rodlets
      failed to accumulate electron-dense material, did not accumulate zinc, and
      degenerated primarily into spherical inclusion bodies of varying electron
      density. In the early phases of the degeneration the rough endoplasmic reticulum
      formed large whorls of membrane denuded of ribosomes. With time, the inclusions
      became electron lucent, and the entire tapetal cell degenerated, ending with
      almost total loss of the tapetum lucidum by approximately one to two years of
      age. The structure of the retina was normal. Retinal function measured by
      electroretinography was normal except for a slight elevation of dark adapted
      white light thresholds. It is speculated that the hereditary defect may be
      defective synthesis of the tapetal rodlet matrix or of the zinc-complexing
      substance of the tapetum.

PMID- 3371064
TI  - Melanosome abnormalities of ocular pigmented epithelial cells in beagle dogs with
      hereditary tapetal degeneration.
AB  - Eyes of laboratory beagle dogs with an inherited tapetal degeneration were
      abnormally lightly pigmented. The development of pigmentation was followed
      morphologically from 7 days postnatal to 9 years of age. At all postnatal ages
      the iris pigmented epithelia contained no normal melanosomes, only organelles
      resembling secondary lysosomes or residual bodies. The ciliary body pigmented
      epithelium contained a variety of melanosome organelles at the earliest stages
      examined, but in fewer numbers than in normal animals. These included
      premelanosomes, partially melanized and some fully melanized pigment granules.
      However, the melanin deposition was usually patchy and irregular. With time, many
      of these granules appeared to condense into residual bodies. The retinal
      pigmented epithelium in peripheral and inferior posterior regions of affected
      animals never contained normal appearing melanin granules at any stage of
      postnatal development. The iris and choroidal stroma had melanosomes of normal
      size and shape, but many fewer than in normal animals. These results imply that
      there is local cellular control over melanosome production and regression, since
      the melanosome abnormalities do not follow the anterior to posterior development
      of pigment in ocular epithelia. It is proposed that a defect in synthesis of the
      matrix component of melanosomes could result in absent or abnormal deposition of
      melanin and initiate a process of autophagy of these organelles.

PMID- 3371065
TI  - Identification of extractable proteins from the bovine ocular zonule: major
      zonular antigens of 32kD and 250kD.
AB  - Using Western immunoblotting, the extractable proteins of the bovine zonular
      fibers were examined for reactivity with two zonular antisera known to have
      strong affinity for zonular fibers in tissues, in order to identify the antigenic
      components. The extracts were also tested with antisera to several matrix
      proteins that have been reported to be associated with zonular fibers. Proteins
      reactive with antisera to bovine serum albumin, serum immunoglobulins and
      fibronectin were present. No bands reactive with antisera to a-elastin,
      prealbumin, amyloid P component, collagen VI, lysyl oxidase or monoclonal
      antibody to fibrillin were demonstrated. The major nonserum protein band
      identified by both antisera was a 32kD polypeptide. An equally strong 250kD
      polypeptide was shown by the antiserum to guanidine-dithiothreitol extracted
      zonular fibers. Both of these proteins were PAS-positive and were demonstrated
      also by the antisera in extracts of bovine elastic neck ligament. Whether the two
      glycoproteins are related to each other, with the higher molecular weight protein
      either a precursor or aggregate form, is not yet clear. They appear to bear a
      close relationship to the elusive core microfibrillar protein.

PMID- 3371067
TI  - Chronic solar radiation exposure and endothelial polymegethism.
AB  - Acute exposure of ultraviolet radiation to the cornea has previously been shown
      to produce endothelial pleomorphism and polymegethism. The reciprocity of
      exposure intensity and duration typically seen with the photochemical effects of
      ultraviolet radiation on biological tissue predicts a similar effect with chronic
      exposure. This was tested by comparing the regularity of the hexagonal
      endothelial mosaic for a group of workers (n = 9) chronically exposed to solar
      radiation to that for an age-matched control group (n = 18). Although the mean
      cell area of the endothelium was similar between groups (p greater than 0.10), a
      significant difference (p less than 0.01) was demonstrated in the degree of
      polymegethism. This supports the contention that chronic ultraviolet radiation
      exposure may contribute to increased polymegethism seen with age.

PMID- 3371066
TI  - Neural activity from the acutely infected HSV-1 rabbit cornea.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections of the human cornea are often
      accompanied by abnormal sensations. In this study, a combination of physiological
      and structural methods was used to examine the innervation of the corneas of
      rabbits with HSV-1 lesions of varying severity. Degeneration of the plexiform
      neural layer adjacent to dendritic lesions and surrounding normal neurology
      provided a basis for the limited physiological changes. Extensive degeneration of
      the corneal innervation at all levels occurred within the anesthetic area of the
      geographic lesion. Abnormal physiological activity characterized by
      hyperexcitability and loss of stimulus specificity were included in the
      physiological profile. Collateral sprouts seen in the geographic lesion were
      suggested as an anatomical substrate for the abnormal neural activity. Thus, the
      neural changes could be associated with the severity of HSV-1 lesions.

PMID- 3371068
TI  - Pattern reversal electroretinogram (PRERG) abnormalities in ocular hypertension:
      correlation with glaucoma risk factors.
AB  - The indices employed commonly for the diagnosis of glaucoma (tonometry,
      ophthalmoscopy and perimetry) do not always identify which patients with ocular
      hypertension (OHT) will develop primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) before
      irreversible visual field loss is manifest (1). The human pattern reversal
      electroretinogram (PRERG) is a bioelectric response reflecting neural activity of
      the proximal retina. PRERG amplitude reductions have been observed in POAG and
      other diseases affecting the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells. This study
      was designed to determine whether OHT patients exhibit PRERG amplitude reductions
      and whether PRERG results are correlated with routinely evaluated clinical
      parameters. Steady-state PRERG (16 rps) were elicited by high contrast (76%),
      phase alternating checkerboard patterns (15-20 min checks) from one eye of 130
      patients with ocular hypertension and 47 age matched visual normals (AMVNs). A
      significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in PRERG amplitude was noted for the OHT
      patients and 11.5% of those patients exhibited PRERG amplitudes more than 2.0
      standard deviations below the AMVN mean. PRERG amplitude was found to be
      positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and negatively
      correlated with age, but no correlation between PRERG amplitude and either IOP,
      C/D ratio, or systolic blood pressure was evident. The lack of correlation
      between PRERG amplitude and the commonly used clinical indices may suggest a
      complementary role for this neurophysiologic test in determining which OHT
      patients will develop glaucoma.

PMID- 3371069
TI  - MP17, a fiber-specific intrinsic membrane protein from mammalian eye lens.
AB  - A major protein with a molecular weight of 17,000, designated as MP17, has been
      identified in mammalian eye lens plasma membranes. Hydrophobic photolabeling
      experiments revealed that MP17 is a genuine intrinsic membrane protein. By using
      monoclonal antibodies we demonstrated that MP17 is not detectable in liver,
      heart, muscle, spleen and kidney, and thus can be considered, like MP26, as a
      lens-specific membrane protein. Furthermore, we showed that MP17 is a substrate
      for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and that it is a calmodulin-binding protein.

PMID- 3371071
TI  - Promoter activity of the two chicken delta-crystallin genes in a Hela cell
      extract.
AB  - The in vitro transcriptional activity of the two delta-crystallin genes (5'-delta
      1-delta 2-3') of the chicken was studied in a whole Hela cell extract. Both the
      delta 1 and delta 2 promoters were recognized by RNA polymerase II in this
      heterologous system. The major RNA initiation site from the delta 1 promoter was
      the same in vitro as that which occurs in vivo, as judged by mapping with S1
      nuclease, although other minor initiation sites upstream and downstream of the
      major initiation site were noted. A primer extension experiment showed that the
      longest RNA synthesized in vitro from a delta 2 template initiated near the
      beginning of the first exon. The delta 1 promoter was several-fold stronger than
      that of delta 2 under the present in vitro conditions. Transcription from the
      delta 1 promoter was abolished by a competitor fragment (c'-II; includes -328 to 
      63) purified from the delta 2 promoter, indicating that one or more common
      transcription factors binding upstream from the TATA box are required for in
      vitro function of the two delta-crystallin promoters. Thus, in the Hela cell
      extract both delta-crystallin genes contain a functional promoter. We consider
      the possibility that the single 5'CCAAT3' sequence present in the delta 1
      promoter (but lacking in the delta 2 promoter) may contribute to its greater core
      activity under our conditions. The greater promoter activity of the delta 1
      crystallin gene in the Hela cell extract was not sufficient to account for the
      large ratio of delta 1 to delta 2 mRNA (approximately 50 to 100) in the embryonic
      chicken lens.

PMID- 3371070
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil elastase inhibitors from
      bovine vitreous and aorta.
AB  - Bovine vitreous body and aorta contain extractable leukocyte elastase inhibitors,
      which were purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on agarose
      pancreatic elastase. The purified inhibitor preparation from aorta was resolved
      by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into a main band migrating slightly faster
      than commercial Trasylol and a more weakly stained band migrating close to
      chymotrypsinogen. The purified inhibitor preparation from both sources inhibited,
      in a competitive fashion, purified human leukocyte elastase and was ineffective
      against bovine trypsin and leukocyte cathepsin G or collagenase. These inhibitors
      from vitreous body and aorta were distinguishable by several criteria from serum
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3371072
TI  - Thimerosal: an ophthalmic preservative which acts as a hapten to elicit specific
      antibodies and cell mediated immunity.
AB  - A rabbit model for the study of hypersensitivity to thimerosal was established in
      order to develop better techniques for screening patient sera and tears for
      specific antibodies to lens care re-agents. Thimerosal (sodium ethylmercury
      thiosalicylatelate) was successfully coupled to several protein carriers using a
      water soluble carbodiimide which linked the carboxyl group of thimerosal to free
      amino groups of the carrier proteins. Thimerosal was also shown to spontaneously
      react with proteins as detected by the irreversible binding of mercury to the
      protein carrier. Immunization of rabbits with the chemically coupled thimerosal
      resulted in the production of antibodies which specifically reacted with
      thimerosal. The rabbits also manifested delayed and immediate forms of
      hypersensitivity to the thimerosal conjugates. The ELISA assay for specific serum
      antibodies was found to be a sensitive, reliable and specific screening tool
      However, there was no immunological cross reactivity between the chemically
      coupled thimerosal and the spontaneously coupled thimerosal. Therefore, the
      epitopes produced by these two reaction mechanisms were probably immunochemically
      different even though both contained detectable thimerosal derived mercury.

PMID- 3371073
TI  - Human beta crystallins: regional and age related changes.
AB  - The composition of human beta-crystallins displayed specific changes with age and
      region of the lens. 27 kD and 29 kD human beta-crystallin subunits were singled
      out for study. The 29 kD beta-crystallin subunit constituted approximately 10% of
      the total lens crystallins at 8 months of fetal life. Its accumulation decreased
      steadily to 3.3% during postnatal year 1, to 0.5% by year 5 and to 0.3%
      thereafter. At all postnatal ages, however, it persisted mainly in the
      superficial fibers. Thus in a 17-years old lens it made up 1.3% of the
      superficial fiber soluble protein but was already absent from deep cortical and
      nuclear fibers. The 27 kD subunit increased steadily from 3.5% at 8 months fetal
      to 7% at year 5; it then decreased steadily to 1.2% in the 86-year old lens. It
      persisted in all regions of the lens but decreased markedly in the deep cortical
      and nuclear fibers with increasing age beginning at 5-17 years of age. Studies on
      the oligomeric structure of human beta-crystallin must take into account age
      related changing quantitative patterns in the subunit polypeptide composition of
      this lens protein.

PMID- 3371074
TI  - Changes in corneal endothelial morphology in cats as a function of age.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of changes in cat corneal endothelial cell morphology
      with age was conducted. The central corneal endothelium of 12 kittens and 70
      adult cats was photographed using specular microscopy. Endothelial cell density
      (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell size (used as an index of polymegethism),
      and cellular shape factor (perimeter 2/area) were determined for each animal and
      analysed as a function of age. We found a rapid non-linear decrease in ECD and
      polymegethism in the first nine months of post-natal life. Subsequently there was
      a slight central cell loss of 11 cells/mm2 or 0.37% per year during adult life
      which was not statistically significant. However, polymegethism increased
      significantly with age during adult life. The shape factor for endothelial cells
      was 13.61 throughout adult life, indicating that the cat corneal endothelium
      consists predominantly of six-sided cells. Possible explanations for the finding
      of no significant decrease in cell density with age could include the higher
      peripheral ECD in the cat which may compensate for central loss, the short life
      expectancy of the cat and the large individual variation in corneal diameter.

PMID- 3371075
TI  - Lymphocyte responses to retinal-specific antigens in uveitis patients and healthy
      subjects.
AB  - A modified procedure for measuring human lymphocyte responses to retinal antigens
      was introduced and found to be highly sensitive. The main modifications are the
      use of round bottom culture wells, high antigen concentrations (up to 100
      micrograms/ml) and extended incubation time (up to 9 days). Using this procedure,
      the majority of patients with uveitis, as well as a large proportion of healthy
      donors were found to respond positively (S.I. greater than or equal to 2.0)
      toward S-antigen and interphoto-receptor retinoid-binding protein. The responses
      to the retinal antigens were further enhanced by enriching the cultured
      lymphocytes for the helper/inducer subset. The responses to the retinal antigens
      were inferior to those against tuberculin (PPD), in particular in subjects who
      had been inoculated with BCG. The "secondary" responses to PPD were always higher
      in magnitude, were stimulated by markedly lower concentrations of antigen and
      were detected earlier in culture. The notion that the responses to retinal
      antigen in healthy donors are "primary" in nature was further supported by the
      findings that (a) lymphocytes from cord blood samples resembled adult lymphocytes
      in their response to S-Ag and (b) healthy donor lymphocytes which were
      prestimulated in vitro with S-Ag reacted to this protein by a specific
      "secondary" fashion. The possible involvement of lymphocytes with reactivity
      toward retinal antigens in pathogenic autoimmune processes in the eye is
      discussed.

PMID- 3371077
TI  - Comparison of lacrimation kinetics in dry eye patients and normals.
AB  - A 100 mm long and 5 mm wide filter paper strip enclosed in a transparent plastic
      sheath to prevent evaporation was used to determine the time dependence of
      wetting of the strip in the anesthetized eyes of dry eye patients and age-matched
      normals. Prior to the measurements, the paper strips were extracted by lipid
      solvents and marked at every millimeter length. Wetted length data were plotted
      against time and the resulting wetting curves were analyzed to obtain the time
      dependence of the tear secretion rate during lacrimation. Every eye studied
      exhibited an exponentially decaying tear secretion rate that could be
      characterized by three kinetic parameters per cycle: the initial and final tear
      secretion rates and the secretion decay coefficient. The eyes of the sicca
      patients showed a much simpler lacrimation pattern than did the controls: 60% of
      the dry eyes exhibited a one-cycle lacrimation pattern while only 5% of the
      normal group did so. The tear secretion kinetic parameters characterizing the
      lacrimation pattern reduced to one-cycle were compared. Both the dry eyes and the
      control eyes started to lacrimate at about the same high initial secretion rate.
      However, the lacrimation rate was found to decrease faster and to a lower final
      rate in dry eye patients as opposed to normal controls.

PMID- 3371076
TI  - Acrylamide and iodide fluorescence quenching studies on whole human lenses and
      their protein extracts.
AB  - Tryptophan fluorescence was monitored in whole lenses (and in soluble crystallin
      fractions derived from these lenses) before and after incubating them in media
      containing acrylamide or iodide. The effects of exposing one lens to low level
      broadband UV radiation were compared with the contralateral lens incubated in the
      dark. In addition we employed 13C labeled acrylamide in order to monitor (by NMR
      spectroscopy) which crystallins were most effected. These studies demonstrate an
      acrylamide fluorescence quenching effect in whole lenses and extracted lens
      proteins, which is directly age related, as is the extent of its incorporation
      and binding to specific lens proteins. Iodide had no effect on TRP fluorescence
      in whole lenses and a slight effect on the extracted crystallins. These data
      demonstrate differences in the microenvironment of TRP residues in the various
      lens crystallins and their relative susceptibility to low level UV radiation
      exposure at doses approaching the ambient in vivo levels in a "real life"
      situation. This approach helps to delineate the microenvironment of TRP residues
      in native proteins and the effects of UV exposure on proteins with buried versus
      exposed TRP residues.

PMID- 3371078
TI  - Association of serum albumin with tear prealbumin in human ocular mucus.
AB  - Tear prealbumin previously isolated from the saline-extractable human ocular
      mucus was further examined for microheterogeneities using crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis through development with antiserum to the isolate. The
      isolate was examined following the final two stages of its chromatographic
      purification by DEAE ion exchange and Sephadex G-75. The crossed
      immunoelectrophoretic pattern of the tear prealbumin isolate, recovered following
      DEAE ion exchange chromatography, indicated the existence of two types of minor
      degrees of binding between tear prealbumin and serum albumin. One type appeared
      to be tightly associated while the other was interpreted as weakly bound, where
      serum albumin was separable from tear prealbumin in an electric field. The total
      association of serum albumin with tear prealbumin in this isolate was estimated
      to be about 3-7%. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the isolate after its final
      stage of purification on Sephadex G-75 chromatography showed the absence of the
      weakly bound serum albumin. However, the tight tear prealbumin/serum albumin
      association remained, estimated to be 1-3%.

PMID- 3371079
TI  - A double-blind comparison of mefenamic acid and piroxicam in acute soft tissue
      injuries.
AB  - Thirty patients suffering from strains, sprains or direct soft tissue injuries
      were entered into a double-blind trial comparing mefenamic acid and piroxicam.
      Mefenamic acid was given at a dosage of 500 mg 3-times daily and piroxicam as a
      single daily dose of 20 mg, for a maximum of 10 days. Both drugs were effective
      in treating the symptoms associated with acute soft tissue injuries. There were
      statistically significant improvements in all parameters monitored (pain,
      functional capacity, sleep disturbance, local swelling and tenderness) by Day 2,
      except for local swelling in the mefenamic acid group and sleep disturbance in
      the piroxicam group. By Day 5 all parameters showed improvement. Almost all (90%)
      of the patients had recovered from their injury in less than 1 week. Both drugs
      were well tolerated, only 5 patients reporting adverse events (3 on mefenamic
      acid and 2 on piroxicam).

PMID- 3371080
TI  - Phenytoin-induced gum hypertrophy in patients with epilepsy.
AB  - One hundred and eight patients who had been taking phenytoin for a year or more,
      either alone or in combination with other drugs, were examined for gum
      hypertrophy by three observers independently. Approximately 90% of the patients
      showed either mild or no gum hypertrophy and severe swelling occurred in only 1%.
      The observed standards of oral hygiene were extremely poor. A tendency for higher
      serum phenytoin levels to be associated with greater gum hypertrophy was
      observed. Because the condition was causing no problems in over 90% of patients,
      it is considered that gum hypertrophy per se should not deter a physician from
      using phenytoin in the treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 3371081
TI  - Comparison of the efficacy of naproxen sodium and dihydrocodeine tartrate in the
      treatment of post-operative pain.
AB  - A single-blind, parallel study was carried out in 54 patients with post-operative
      pain after minor orthopaedic procedures to compare the efficacy and tolerance of
      naproxen sodium and dihydrocodeine tartrate. Patients were allocated at random to
      receive oral treatment as soon as analgesia became necessary with an initial dose
      of either 550 mg naproxen sodium or 30 mg dihydrocodeine tartrate, then doses of
      275 mg and 30 mg, respectively, when required up to a maximum of 5 doses per day
      for 3 days. Assessments were made of pain severity and pain relief 2 and 4 hours
      after the first dose and at the end of each day. The results indicated that
      naproxen sodium gave statistically significantly greater pain relief than
      dihydrocodeine tartrate after the first dose. Both treatments were well tolerated
      and few side-effects were reported. Three patients in each group were withdrawn
      due to lack of efficacy (combined with adverse effects in 1 naproxen sodium
      patient), and 1 patient in each group was withdrawn because of side-effects.

PMID- 3371082
TI  - Haemorheological effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in patients with lower
      extremity ischaemia.
AB  - A prospective, single-blind study was carried out in 30 patients with obstructive
      peripheral artery disease to investigate the haemorheological properties of
      fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP). Patients were allocated at random to receive 7 to
      10-days' treatment with either 10 g or 10% FDP twice daily or saline.
      Measurements were made on entry and at the end of treatment of whole blood and
      plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability and aggregation, and lower limb blood
      flow was evaluated by Doppler technique. FDP treatment was associated with a
      reduction in whole blood viscosity (24%) and red blood cell aggregation index
      (27%), and an improvement in red blood cell deformability (42%) (p less than
      0.01). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Plasma
      viscosity did not change in either treatment group. Limb blood flow increased (p
      less than 0.05) only in patients treated with FDP; the improvement was more
      pronounced in the most severely affected side (30%). No untoward events were
      observed or reported in any of the patients studied.

PMID- 3371083
TI  - A long-term open study of a frusemide/amiloride combination ('Frumil') in elderly
      patients with congestive cardiac failure.
AB  - Twenty-seven patients (mean age 72 years) with symptoms of congestive cardiac
      failure who had been controlled by treatment with 1 to 2 tablets per day of a
      combination preparation of frusemide (40 mg) and amiloride (5 mg) for at least 12
      weeks were studied. The study was designed to assess the efficacy and
      tolerability of continuing treatment with the combination for a further 9 months,
      i.e. a total period of 12 months. Assessments of disease status and laboratory
      data were made every 3 months. Reasonable control of symptoms was achieved over
      the 12-month period although the majority of patients did not show a clinically
      important change. Some overall trends towards increasing oedema, dyspnoea and
      orthopnoea were observed as the study progressed, but these changes were not
      regarded as unusual considering the patients' age group. Significant increases in
      pulse rate and decreases in blood pressure were demonstrated, suggesting that
      diuresis was maintained. The combination preparation was well tolerated without
      any reports of side-effects.

PMID- 3371084
TI  - An open comparative study of two diuretic combinations, frusemide/amiloride
      ('Frumil') and bumetanide/potassium chloride ('Burinex' K), in the treatment of
      congestive cardiac failure in hospital out-patients.
AB  - Forty elderly patients, aged 68 to 89 years, with congestive cardiac failure, who
      were attending a hospital out-patients department, entered an open, parallel
      group, comparative study of two diuretic combinations, 40 mg frusemide plus 5 mg
      amiloride per tablet and 0.5 mg bumetanide plus 573 mg slow-release potassium
      chloride per tablet. Patients were assigned at random to receive one or other
      combination for 8 weeks, dosage being determined by the severity of the
      individual patient's condition (range 1 to 3 tablets frusemide/amiloride; 2 to 6
      tablets bumetanide/potassium chloride). Clinical assessments, including visual
      analogue scores for dyspnoea at rest and on effort, and laboratory measurements
      of serum potassium and magnesium levels were carried out on entry and after 2, 4
      and 8 weeks of treatment. Other variables were monitored before, during and/or
      after treatment. Although significant decreases were reported in dyspnoea
      severity scores at rest and on effort only in the bumetanide/potassium chloride
      group, global assessment of the patients' condition by patient and clinician at
      the end of the study indicated that both treatments produced improvement, and a
      greater proportion of patients considered treatment as satisfactory in the
      frusemide/amiloride group. Both drug combinations were well-tolerated and only a
      few minor side-effects were reported. Serum potassium levels were maintained in
      both treatment groups but there was a significant decrease in mean serum
      magnesium levels in patients on bumetanide/potassium chloride. Hyponatraemia was
      also detected in 2 patients on this combination. An increase in body weight was
      recorded in both groups, the increase being significant in patients receiving
      bumetanide/potassium chloride.

PMID- 3371086
TI  - Problems associated with "generic" topical medications.

PMID- 3371085
TI  - An open study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two diuretic
      combinations, frusemide plus amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride, in
      patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
AB  - Forty-four patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were entered in
      an open study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the two diuretic
      combinations, frusemide (40 mg) plus amiloride (5 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (50
      mg) plus amiloride (5 mg), as first-line treatment. After a 2-week run-in period
      when no antihypertensive medication was given, patients were randomized to
      receive one or other combination at a dose of 1 tablet daily for 2 weeks.
      Patients either remained on this regimen for a further 8 weeks or, if their blood
      pressure was not controlled, dosage was increased to 2 tablets daily. In the
      latter case, patients were re-assessed after 2 weeks, and those who showed a
      positive response remained in the study for 8 additional weeks. In the 36
      patients assessed (18 in each group), both treatments were found to reduce blood
      pressure effectively in a high percentage of patients treated.
      Hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride, however, caused a significant reduction in both
      plasma potassium and sodium levels whereas frusemide/amiloride did not. More
      adverse events were reported by patients taking frusemide/amiloride, but the
      majority of these were trivial.

PMID- 3371087
TI  - Local skin reaction caused by the plastic catheter tubing of the continuous
      subcutaneous insulin infusion system.
AB  - Since the first studies with the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
      portable pump were published in 1978, many associated complications have been
      reported. Cutaneous complications could be caused by infections or local
      reactions to insulin preparations, adhesive tapes, and needle material. This
      report identifies plastic tubing as another one of the triggering causes of
      cutaneous complications due to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

PMID- 3371088
TI  - The territorial imperative.

PMID- 3371089
TI  - Training and certification of critical care medicine in the United States.

PMID- 3371090
TI  - The solitary pulmonary nodule. A new diagnostic agenda.

PMID- 3371091
TI  - Gallium lung scintigraphy in amiodarone pulmonary toxicity.
AB  - We sought to assess the role of gallium-67 lung scintigrams in the evaluation of
      amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Images and laboratory studies were evaluated in 54
      patients who had chest radiographs and scintigraphic studies during amiodarone
      treatment of more than one month's duration among 561 patients receiving the
      medication for refractory arrhythmias. There were 22 patients with pulmonary
      symptoms and clinical evidence of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity (group 1); 19
      patients had other causes for pulmonary symptoms (group 2); and 21 patients were
      without symptoms or other clinical evidence of pulmonary toxicity (group 3).
      There was no difference among groups in treatment duration or total amiodarone
      dose. Symptomatic presentation could not differentiate between group 1 and group
      2 patients. However, radiographic findings of isolated pulmonary congestion or a
      normal radiograph in the presence of symptoms made amiodarone toxicity unlikely,
      while the appearance of new, dense radiographic infiltrates--often in a nodular
      distribution--were more frequent among group 1 patients (p less than 0.01).
      During symptomatic periods, 18 of 22 group 1 patients had abnormal gallium lung
      uptake, while four revealed more subtle serial changes but there was only one
      abnormal scintigram among symptomatic group 2 patients. Nonspecific radiographic
      abnormalities in patients with pulmonary symptoms on amiodarone therapy were
      rarely attributed to toxicity in the presence of a normal scintigram. One group 3
      patient developed scintigraphic abnormalities early during amiodarone treatment,
      suggesting toxicity in the presence of a normal chest x-ray examination.
      Comparison of radiographic and scintigraphic studies performed during symptoms
      with those performed prior to symptom development best indicated the diagnosis,
      while comparison with later images assessed the efficacy of treatment. Diffusion
      capacity testing and transbronchial biopsy were sensitive but not specific for
      the diagnosis of amiodarone toxicity. Gallium image abnormalities parallel the
      development of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity and aid this diagnosis, especially
      when the chest radiograph is abnormal and ambiguous. Serial increments in
      scintigraphic abnormality appear especially helpful for diagnosis in the
      population at risk.

PMID- 3371092
TI  - Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy following negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy
      in solitary pulmonary nodules.
AB  - To evaluate the utility of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TTNAB)
      following negative fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in a patient with a solitary
      pulmonary nodule (SPN), we reviewed the records from 262 patients who had
      undergone TTNAB over an eight-year period. Fifty-eight patients had a SPN and met
      the criteria for inclusion in this series. Twenty-five of these (43 percent) were
      diagnosed by TTNAB; 24 had malignant lesions; one had M tuberculosis. Of the
      remaining 33 patients, 18 went on to definitive diagnostic procedures (surgery,
      repeat FOB or TTNAB). Nine of these patients had a malignancy. Fifteen patients
      were followed long-term; one was diagnosed with carcinoma two years after the
      initial work-up. Carcinoma was not found in any patient under 40 years of age. A
      benign lesion was diagnosed by TTNAB in only two patients. We conclude that TTNAB
      is a valuable procedure in the evaluation of patients with a SPN and negative
      FOB. While a negative FOB and TTNAB do not assure that the lesion is benign, a
      complex of variables influences the decision regarding thoracotomy vs careful
      follow-up.

PMID- 3371093
TI  - Pimobendane (UD-CG 115 BS) in chronic congestive heart failure. Short-term and
      one-month effects of a new inotropic vasodilating agent.
AB  - We studied the effects of oral administration of pimobendane on hemodynamics,
      blood gas levels, the renin-angiotensin system, and plasma catecholamines in 11
      patients who were affected by severe chronic congestive heart failure. Following
      the administration of 5 mg, the cardiac index increased from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to 2.5
      +/- 0.2 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.01), and the pulmonary wedge pressure decreased
      from 28 +/- 3 to 17 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The maximal changes were
      noted five hours after intake of the drug. In spite of a significant decrease in
      arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) (from 81 +/- 4 to 67 +/- 5 mm Hg; p less than
      0.05), a significant increase in the oxygen delivery index was seen (from 322 +/-
      32 to 436 +/- 38 ml/min/m2; p less than 0.01). The patients who were submitted to
      long-term treatment (5 mg twice daily) and who were reassessed after at least one
      month exhibited an improved cardiac index from 1.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.1
      L/min/m2 (p less than 0.01), as well as a decreased pulmonary wedge pressure from
      26 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The norepinephrine levels were
      significantly reduced after one month (from 1,496 +/- 185 to 678 +/- 95 pg/ml; p
      less than 0.01), whereas the plasma renin activity was not. One patient died
      suddenly during the one-month follow-up period. With the exception of one case,
      which was also treated with heparin, a transient cutaneous rash and a drop in the
      level of blood platelets were observed, pimobendane was well tolerated. This new
      inotropic and vasodilating drug thus seems to have promise for the treatment of
      chronic congestive heart failure.

PMID- 3371094
TI  - A reservoir nasal cannula improves protection given by oxygen during muscular
      exercise in COPD.
AB  - We verified the utility of an oxygen economizer (Pendant Oxymizer) in assuring
      greater protection than nasal prongs against worsening of oxyhemoglobin resting
      desaturation (delta SaO2) induced by muscular exercise in 16 patients (ten with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and six with restrictive pulmonary
      disease). This worsening was quantified as desaturation surface accumulated
      within five minutes of exercise and was expressed in arbitrary units (au). Each
      patient carried out the same exercise three times, in a randomized fashion
      (breathing air or breathing supplemental oxygen [3 L/min] delivered by either
      nasal prongs or by oxygen economizer). In patients with obstructive disease,
      delta SaO2 was reduced from 38 +/- 12.0 au when they were breathing air to 18.1
      +/- 11.7 au when breathing oxygen by nasal prongs (p less than 0.001) and to 10.1
      +/- 9.5 au when breathing oxygen by economizer (p less than 0.001). In patients
      with restrictive disease, delta SaO2 was reduced from 35.6 +/- 9.9 au when
      breathing air to 14.9 +/- 10.2 au breathing oxygen by nasal prongs (p less than
      0.01) and to 13.7 +/- 10.3 au breathing oxygen by economizer (p less than 0.01).
      The difference between breathing by economizer and nasal prongs was significant
      (paired t-test; p less than 0.01) only in patients with COPD. One explanation
      could lie in the different values of the respiratory rate, which was
      significantly greater in patients with restrictive disease (20.7 +/- 1.2 breaths
      per minute at rest and 25.8 +/- 1.5 with exercise) than in patients with
      obstructive disease (15.3 +/- 1.2 breaths per minute at rest and 20.8 +/- 1.4
      with exercise).

PMID- 3371095
TI  - Reappraisal of atrioventricular junctional pacemaker automaticity in the sick
      sinus syndrome. Clinical significance and the role of autonomic chronotropic
      influences.
AB  - Postpacing impulse recovery times of the junctional tissue (junctional
      automaticity) were determined by atrial or ventricular overdrive pacing in 27
      patients with dysfunction of the sinus node. The maximum junctional recovery time
      (MJRT) could be measured in 22 patients and ranged from 1,630 to 9,730 ms (mean
      3,860 +/- 2,077); the maximum corrected junctional recovery time (MJRTc) could be
      measured in 18 patients and ranged from 140 to 5,986 ms (mean 2,089 +/- 1,529).
      Autonomic influence on the JRTs was evaluated by intravenous administration of
      atropine (1.5 mg) alone or in combination with propranolol (5 to 6 mg). Of the
      seven patients in whom MJRTc and/or MJRT could be measured before and after drug
      intervention, the JRTs shortened in four and prolonged in three after combination
      of atropine and propranolol. Atropine alone shortened MJRT in all eight patients
      studied. Our data reveal that both vagal and catecholamine-dependent factors
      (especially vagal over-activity) are operative in the escape mechanism of the
      junctional tissue.

PMID- 3371096
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus recovery from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in
      patients with AIDS.
AB  - We cultured bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV) from 23 consecutive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
      and pulmonary symptoms. We also included a nonconsecutive AIDS patient with
      recent worsening of respiratory symptoms who had had lymphocytic interstitial
      pneumonitis (LIP) diagnosed six months earlier. Infectious HIV was present in the
      cellular fraction from two of the 23 consecutive patients and in the patient with
      LIP. No virus was isolated from the cell-free portion of the centrifuged fluids.
      The patients from whom HIV was cultured were not distinguishable from other
      patients by clinical, radiographic, or laboratory data, and their subsequent
      course did not appear to differ. One patient with a positive HIV culture had
      organizing pneumonia without evidence of LIP at autopsy three weeks after lavage.
      This study demonstrates that HIV can be cultured from cells obtained by
      bronchoalveolar lavage and suggests that its presence is not associated with a
      single specific pulmonary histologic pattern.

PMID- 3371097
TI  - Perfusion scan findings understate the severity of angiographic and hemodynamic
      compromise in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - Major vessel chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is potentially
      remediable by thromboendarterectomy. The diagnosis often has been delayed because
      a lung perfusion scan demonstrated modest defects thought to be incompatible with
      severe vascular obstruction. To define the relationships between perfusion scan
      abnormalities, angiographic findings, and hemodynamic data, we analyzed 25
      consecutive patients with chronic major vessel thromboembolic pulmonary
      hypertension who subsequently underwent thromboendarterectomy. We found that the
      perfusion lung scan consistently caused us to underestimate the severity of
      pulmonary arterial obstruction as defined by pulmonary angiography. Furthermore,
      there was no significant correlation between the severity of hemodynamic
      compromise and the extent of obstruction defined by perfusion scan or angiogram.
      These findings suggest that, when pulmonary hypertension is known or suspected,
      the diagnosis of correctable, chronic major vessel obstruction should be pursued
      by angiography and hemodynamic assessment even though the perfusion scan may
      demonstrate only two segmental defects.

PMID- 3371098
TI  - Malignant pleural effusion treated by tetracycline sclerotherapy. A comparison of
      single vs repeated instillation.
AB  - Fifty patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomized to receive one or
      two doses of tetracycline sclerotherapy. We found that a single sclerotherapy
      treatment with tetracycline at a dose of 20 mg/kg was as effective as two
      sclerotherapy treatments and provided symptomatic relief in 46 of the 50
      patients.

PMID- 3371099
TI  - Obstructive sleep apnea and cephalometric roentgenograms. The role of anatomic
      upper airway abnormalities in the definition of abnormal breathing during sleep.
AB  - In a six-month period, 157 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients seen
      consecutively in clinic had standardized cephalometric roentgenograms and
      underwent polygraphic monitoring during sleep. Different variables, including
      cephalometric landmarks, body mass index (BMI), and polygraphic results
      (particularly degree of O2 saturation and number of abnormal breathing events),
      were statistically analyzed. As a rule, OSAS patients had upper airway anatomic
      abnormalities and an elevated BMI: massive obesity was associated with less
      anatomic abnormality, less nocturnal sleep disruption, and longer total sleep
      time (TST). Patients having a high respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were more
      likely to have upper airway anatomic abnormalities; they slept for a shorter time
      and had increased stage 1 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep but decreased stage
      3 and 4 and REM sleep. Long mandibular plane to hyoid bone (MP-H) distance and
      width of the posterior airway space (PAS) (space behind the base of the tongue)
      were statistically significant predictors of elevated RDI. The cephalometric
      variables were much less useful for predicting frequency of O2 saturation drops
      below 80 percent. The patient population can be subdivided into (a) patients with
      clear anatomic abnormalities and low BMI, (b) patients with morbid obesity with
      few abnormal cephalometric measurements, and (c) patients who have variably
      increased BMI and abnormal cephalometric measurements. This is the largest group.
      We concluded that standardized cephalometric roentgenograms can be useful in
      determining the appropriate treatment for OSAS patients.

PMID- 3371100
TI  - Interposed abdominal compressions and carotid blood flow during cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation. Support for a thoracoabdominal unit.
AB  - To determine if the timing of interposed abdominal compressions (IAC) affects the
      augmented blood flow during this form of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), we
      performed early-onset or late-onset abdominal compressions at three vascular
      volumes in nine dogs. Early-onset IAC began immediately following chest
      compression; we predicted that this would act primarily by emptying the aorta and
      sustaining the elevated intrathoracic pressure. Late-onset IAC began one-fourth
      to one-third of the time into diastole; this would have primarily increased
      venous return. We measured carotid blood flow (electromagnetic flow probe) and
      right atrial (Pra), thoracic aortic (Pta), abdominal aortic (Paa), and intra
      abdominal pressures. The IAC-CPR increased carotid blood flow compared with
      conventional CPR (22.8 +/- 13.1 percent vs 8.7 +/- 5.8 percent of control; p less
      than 0.003), but there was no difference between the early and late modes of IAC
      (22.7 +/- 11.6 percent vs 22.9 +/- 14.7 percent of control). The increase in
      carotid blood flow was present with the first abdominal compression and was
      constant over the 40 to 60 seconds of CPR. Peak Pra, Pta, and Paa were similar
      during abdominal compression (91.8 +/- 16.9 mm Hg, 96.1 +/- 16.0 mm Hg, and 102.4
      +/- 15.2 mm Hg, respectively; p less than 0.001). The Pta-Pra diastolic gradient
      was 18.0 +/- 8.2 mm Hg for early-onset and 20.6 +/- 7.5 mm Hg for late-onset
      compression (not significant). We conclude that increased carotid blood flow in
      IAC-CPR in the dog is principally due to the increased pressure in a common
      thoracoabdominal unit.

PMID- 3371101
TI  - Single breath nitrogen test in an epidemiologic survey in North Italy.
      Reliability, reference values and relationships with symptoms.
AB  - The usefulness of single breath nitrogen test (SBN2) was evaluated in a cross
      sectional epidemiologic survey on a general population sample (n = 3,289) of
      North Italy. Each subject was submitted to CNR standardized questionnaire and to
      lung function testing using automated equipment (Hewlett-Packard 47804S).
      Acceptable closing volume (CV) and slope of alveolar plateau (DN2%/L) tracings
      were performed by only 1,370 and 1,982 subjects respectively, in comparison with
      the 2,638 diffusing capacity and the 3,079 forced vital capacity acceptable
      maneuvers. Prediction equations were computed on normal subjects for CV indices,
      with the exception of DN2%/L: they were similar to those found in other studies.
      Significant differences among smoking categories were found for all the SBN2
      parameters in males, but only for DN2%/L in females. The latter was also able to
      distinguish either subjects with airway obstruction from those without it or
      symptomatic from asymptomatic individuals, but DN2%/L did not give more
      information than Vmax75, a sensitive index of flow volume curve. Our results
      suggest that the place of SBN2 in large scale epidemiologic testing has not been
      justified.

PMID- 3371102
TI  - Constancy of blood carbonic acid pK' in patients during cardiopulmonary
      resuscitation.
AB  - Previous studies have suggested that the apparent dissociation constant of blood
      carbonic acid (pK') may actually vary in acutely ill patients. We prospectively
      compared the pK' of healthy control subjects to that of patients undergoing
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Arterial blood obtained from 20 patients
      undergoing CPR and from 30 healthy volunteers was analyzed for Na+, pH, PCO2, and
      total CO2 content (tCO2). pK' was calculated from this data, using the Henderson
      Hasselbalch equation. Total CO2 was then calculated in the CPR patients, using
      this equation and the control pK'. Mean pK' was 6.109 +/- 0.004 (SEM) for the
      control group and 6.123 +/- 0.007 for the CPR group (p = NS). In the CPR group,
      calculated tCO2 was not significantly different from measured from tCO2, and the
      correlation between calculated and measured tCO2 was 0.99. In patients undergoing
      CPR, pK' does not differ significantly from normal, and tCO2 can be accurately
      estimated with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

PMID- 3371104
TI  - Cushing's syndrome in a woman with a left perihilar mass.

PMID- 3371103
TI  - Ribavirin aerosol in the elderly.
AB  - Ribavirin aerosol is effective in treating respiratory syncytial virus and
      influenzal infections in children and young adults. It has not been studied in
      elderly patients. We evaluated the safety of ribavirin aerosol in eight elderly
      volunteers at high risk for influenza. Their mean age was 64 years; seven
      subjects had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Subjects received
      ribavirin aerosol for two or six hours with six hours between treatments.
      Regimens were continued for 96 hours. The drug was well tolerated. Subjects
      receiving ribavirin for 2 hours demonstrated a significant decrease in their
      forced expiratory volume in one second, peak expiratory flow rate and flow over
      the middle 50 percent of the forced vital capacity. These changes were small and
      the subjects' symptoms remained stable. Subjects receiving ribavirin for 6 hours
      had no significant changes in pulmonary function. We conclude that ribavirin
      aerosol is safe in elderly patients with underlying COPD.

PMID- 3371105
TI  - Muscle physiology and protein biochemistry.

PMID- 3371106
TI  - Exercise-induced asthma. Recent approaches.

PMID- 3371107
TI  - Histamine responsiveness in sheep.

PMID- 3371108
TI  - Bronchogenic cyst causing a unilateral ventilation-perfusion defect on lung scan.
AB  - A 37-year-old woman had pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, and normal findings on
      chest roentgenogram. Lung scan showed markedly diminished perfusion to the right
      lung with a matched ventilatory defect. Further evaluation revealed a
      bronchogenic cyst. After resection, the lung scan was normal. To our knowledge,
      this is the first report of a bronchogenic cyst causing a reversible, unilateral
      ventilation-perfusion defect on lung scan.

PMID- 3371109
TI  - Fat embolism after liposuction.
AB  - We present a case of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after extensive
      liposuction. On the basis of fever, tachypnea, hypoxia, and ARDS occurring within
      48 hours after surgery without evidence of cardiogenic pulmonary edema or sepsis,
      the etiology is believed to be fat embolism. Although liposuction is generally an
      effective and safe procedure, awareness of this life-threatening complication is
      important in order to institute prompt and appropriate treatment. Fat embolism
      must be differentiated from thromboembolism, as the treatment is different, and
      heparin is not indicated. It is recommended that training standards and
      guidelines be devised in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with
      this procedure.

PMID- 3371110
TI  - Repetitive ventricular fibrillation preceded by both ST segment depression and
      elevation during acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - A patient had repetitive ventricular fibrillation preceded by alternating ST
      segment depression and elevation. The ECG changes were confined to the precordial
      leads only, reflecting subendocardial and transmural ischemia, respectively. It
      is speculated that the patient exhibited consecutive episodes of subtotal and
      total coronary occlusion, both episodes being critical enough to induce lethal
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3371111
TI  - Castleman's disease. An uncommon computed tomographic feature.
AB  - A case of localized intrathoracic Castleman tumor demonstrated, on CT scan,
      calcifications in a circumferential distribution. The prevalence of
      calcifications in Castleman's disease and the differential diagnosis of the above
      unusual CT findings are discussed.

PMID- 3371112
TI  - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in a patient with unilateral absence of right
      pulmonary artery.
AB  - A 25-year-old patient had unilateral absence of the right pulmonary artery
      (UARPA) and severe left pulmonary artery hypertension. After death from
      congestive right heart failure, autopsy revealed histologic signs of pulmonary
      veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). An accessory
      arterial vessel that was thrombotically occluded was found connecting the
      ascending aorta and the right pulmonary hilum. There was also histologic evidence
      of arterial thrombi within the right lung arterial vascular bed. The PH in UARPA
      usually occurs very early during the course of disease. From histologic findings
      and medical history, it is likely that in this case, late-onset elevation of
      pulmonary pressures was triggered by the occurrence of PVOD. This is the first
      case of UARPA and PVOD--a congenital unilateral arterial malformation in the
      presence of bilateral involvement in a possibly acquired venous obliterative
      disease.

PMID- 3371113
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presenting with sleep hypopnea syndrome.
AB  - Described is a 67-year-old man whose initial symptoms evoked an obesity
      hypoventilation syndrome. Polysomnography showed hypopneas associated with O2
      desaturation episodes, and no apnea; maximal changes were noted during REM sleep.
      A few months later, in spite of marked weight loss, acute alveolar
      hypoventilation occurred and necessitated mechanical ventilatory support.
      Tracheostomy was performed. The patient appeared to be dependent on nocturnal
      ventilatory assistance. Diaphragmatic paralysis was noted in addition to clinical
      and electrodiagnostic evidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. While the
      patient was not ventilated, a nocturnal recording of SaO2 again revealed
      desaturation episodes partly corrected by O2 2 L/min administered through the
      tracheostomy tube. With volume-controlled ventilation, desaturations completely
      disappeared, although no oxygen enrichment of the air was provided. We speculate
      that sleep disorders with hypopneas and O2 desaturation episodes were the initial
      symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This leads us to suggest that
      nonspecific respiratory muscle fatigue frequently seen in COPD might be included
      in the hypothetic causes of nocturnal hypoxemia.

PMID- 3371114
TI  - Pneumoconiosis in an elderly dentist.
AB  - Numerous dusts found commonly in the dental laboratory have been suggested as
      potential pulmonary hazards. We recently noted a case of severe interstitial
      pulmonary fibrosis with intraalveolar deposition of unique foreign body
      inclusions in an elderly dentist. The composition of these particles was shown to
      be consistent with that of alginate impression powder. This is in contrast to
      previously reported pneumoconioses in dental workers, which are usually induced
      by metallic alloys or silicates. Further studies are needed to identify the
      causes and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in the dental lab.

PMID- 3371115
TI  - Bloody pleural effusion secondary to infarction of omentum through a non
      traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 3371116
TI  - Pulmonary artery obstruction.

PMID- 3371117
TI  - CME accreditation.

PMID- 3371118
TI  - Why myocardial infarction?

PMID- 3371119
TI  - Medical bronchial artery embolization.

PMID- 3371120
TI  - Lost in the translation.

PMID- 3371121
TI  - Bronchial non-adenoma.

PMID- 3371122
TI  - Predicting CO diffusing capacity.

PMID- 3371123
TI  - Pulmonary cryptococcosis in AIDS.

PMID- 3371124
TI  - Metastases to the right ventricle.

PMID- 3371125
TI  - Allergic urticarial eruption, leukocytosis and abnormal liver function tests
      following nifedipine administration.

PMID- 3371126
TI  - Endotracheal tube placement.

PMID- 3371127
TI  - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a saxophone player.

PMID- 3371128
TI  - [A method for measuring the function of the organ of continence].
AB  - For preoperative assessment of anal continence we developed a simple device to
      measure both anal sphincter function and sensitivity of the rectal ampulla. With
      this instrument anorectal function was studied in 19 males and 26 females without
      anorectal disorders. Anal resting tone and voluntary squeeze was higher in the
      males than in the females. Threshold of rectal sensation and critical volume,
      however, were higher in females. The new device appears to work precisely enough
      for accurate clinical evaluation. It is less time-consuming than
      electromanometric methods currently in use.

PMID- 3371129
TI  - [Vascular surgical reconstructions in orthopedic tumor operations].
AB  - The surgical treatment of bone tumors today results more and more in a radical
      resection therapy. The major vessels are often included in the tumor mass and
      therefore they have to be resected and reconstructed. Between 1981-1986 30
      patients of the Orthopaedic University Clinic in Vienna were treated with tumor
      resection. The arterial and/or venous reconstruction was done in cooperation with
      the I. Department of Surgery of the University of Vienna. In 73% of the cases
      rotation plasty of the knee was performed, in 10% a local tumor resection and in
      7% a tumor resection and reconstruction by a tumor endoprosthesis (KMFTR-system).
      Three patients underwent partial pelvic resection, hemipelvectomy and rotation
      plasty of the hip respectively.

PMID- 3371130
TI  - [Experimental and clinical results with the ileum pouch as a continence
      preserving replacement bladder].
AB  - Clinical use of the ileum-pouch for bladder reconstruction without stoma and
      direct anastomosis to the urethra is mandatorily based upon the three following
      conditions: sufficient capacity, low pressure values and protection of reflux in
      the neobladder. In an experimental study, we constructed a U-pouch with
      anastomosis to the urethra and implantation of both ureters into a cranial ileum
      horn. Already six weeks postoperatively an optimal capacity and real low pressure
      conditions of the neobladder have been achieved. Without any ileoileal
      invagination as antirefluxive procedure simple ureter-nippling provides a highly
      efficient protection against renal reflux in the so constructed neobladder. Our
      first clinical results do confirm our experimental data, demonstrating no reflux
      and almost total continence.

PMID- 3371131
TI  - [Partial splenic preservation using the stapler technic].

PMID- 3371132
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of nonparasitic splenic cysts].

PMID- 3371134
TI  - [Aids and surgery. Report on the 1st International Symposium 1. and 2. December
      1987 in London, Royal Lancaster Hotel].

PMID- 3371133
TI  - [Chronic lung failure in patients with the so-called stress gallbladder].

PMID- 3371136
TI  - Prevalence of Campylobacter pylori and association with antral mucosal histology
      in subjects with and without upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
AB  - To determine the incidence and significance of Campylobacter pylori in patients
      undergoing routine endoscopic evaluation at this hospital, biopsies of the antrum
      were obtained from 132 patients and from 15 asymptomatic volunteers. Specimens
      were cultured and silver stained for the presence of C. pylori and were examined
      histologically. C. pylori was detected in 67 (51%) patients and two (13%)
      volunteers (P = 0.006). In patients, C. pylori was found significantly more often
      when the mucosa was inflamed (67%) than when the mucosa was normal (13%), and
      both volunteers with C. pylori had chronic gastritis on histological examination.
      When compared to the volunteers, patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms
      had a significantly increased prevalence of antral inflammation, even if the
      endoscopic examination was normal. C. pylori is infrequently found in young
      asymptomatic adults but is found in both asymptomatic volunteers and patients in
      association with all forms of histological antral gastritis which is prevalent in
      patients with both normal endoscopic findings and peptic ulcer disease.

PMID- 3371135
TI  - Environmental factors and chronic unexplained dyspepsia. Association with
      acetaminophen but not other analgesics, alcohol, coffee, tea, or smoking.
AB  - A subgroup of patients with nonulcer dyspepsia (NUD) have no definite cause for
      their dyspepsia, termed essential dyspepsia. The aim of the present study was to
      determine if environmental factors are associated with essential dyspepsia. The
      patterns of ingestion of analgesic drugs (aspirin, acetaminophen,
      dextropropoxyphene), nonaspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, alcohol,
      coffee, tea, and smoking in 113 essential dyspepsia patients were compared with
      113 randomly selected community controls matched for age, sex, and social grade.
      Associations were studied in two six-month periods, before diagnosis in all
      patients and before the onset of NUD in those patients with a short history of
      dyspepsia. It was found that acetaminophen ingestion was associated with
      essential dyspepsia, and this association was present both before the onset of
      the dyspepsia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3-7.1) and before diagnosis (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2
      2.6). None of the other environmental factors were associated with essential
      dyspepsia.

PMID- 3371137
TI  - Esophageal acid clearance during sleep in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - Sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal acid clearance have been
      shown to be important components in the pathogenesis of reflux esophageal
      disease. Previous studies have suggested that patients with more severe
      esophagitis are distinguished by an accumulation of acid mucosal contact time
      during sleep. These data would suggest that patients with Barrett's esophagus
      should have particularly severe impairment of acid clearance, most notable during
      sleep. To address this issue, 16 asymptomatic healthy volunteers and 13 patients
      with Barrett's esophagus were studied. Acid clearance was assessed by timing the
      reestablishment of an esophageal pH of 4 following the infusion of 15 ml 0.1 N
      HCl. Sleep was polygraphically monitored in order to objectively determine sleep
      and waking. The results indicated that while patients with Barrett's esophagus
      had a marked increase in the frequency of spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux
      during sleep, they unexpectedly demonstrated faster acid clearance times during
      both waking and sleep. A greater percentage of arousal responses to acid infusion
      during sleep was noted in the Barrett's group. It is concluded from these results
      that patients with Barrett's esophagus can adequately clear acid from the distal
      esophagus but experience considerable acid mucosal contact through repeated
      episodes of spontaneous reflux during sleep.

PMID- 3371138
TI  - Effects of nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drugs on gastrointestinal injury and
      prostanoid generation in healthy volunteers.
AB  - A new nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug, carprofen, was compared with
      indomethacin as to their effects on mucosal injury and prostanoid biosynthesis. A
      prospective, double-blind endoscopy study was performed in 40 healthy adults.
      After baseline normal endoscopy, 20 subjects were randomly assigned to either
      indomethacin (25 mg four times daily) or carprofen (150 mg twice daily) for eight
      days and re-endoscoped. Urinary and gastric mucosal prostaglandin generation,
      respectively, of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, and PGE and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was
      determined. Minor subjective symptoms occurred in six of 20 indomethacin
      (including four of eight with gastrointestinal injury) and in three of 20
      carprofen subjects. Indomethacin and carprofen reduced gastric and urinary
      prostaglandin synthesis to a similar degree. Gastrointestinal injury was present
      in eight of 20 indomethacin and in none of 20 carprofen subjects. This study
      fails to establish a relationship between duodenal mucosal lesions and gastric
      prostanoid generation and confirms the lack of correlation between indomethacin
      induced duodenal injury and subjective symptomatology. Carprofen appears to
      produce less objective damage in the upper gastrointestinal tract than
      indomethacin at comparable clinical doses.

PMID- 3371139
TI  - Influence of age, intestinal transit time, and dietary composition on fecal bile
      acid profiles in healthy subjects.
AB  - Bacterial transformation of bile acids is possibly involved in colorectal
      carcinogenesis. In several epidemiological studies, the secondary bile acid
      concentration in feces is related to the incidence of colonic cancer. However,
      data on fecal bile acids in case-control studies are conflicting. We investigated
      the influence of age, intestinal transit time, and dietary composition on fecal
      bile acid profiles in healthy subjects of three different age groups (mean ages
      22, 48, and 67 years). Fecal bile acids were analyzed by gas-liquid
      chromatography. The concentration of the major secondary fecal bile acids
      increased with advancing age and was significantly higher in elderly subjects,
      compared to young adults. The concentration in middle-aged persons was
      intermediate. Analysis of dietary constituents showed that the fat intake in the
      three groups was comparable. The dietary fiber intake in elderly subjects was
      significantly lower than in the other two groups. The former group did excrete
      less dry fecal material compared to both other groups. Dietary fiber intake was
      negatively correlated with the total bile acid concentration. Probably, a
      decrease in dietary fiber intake results in higher fecal bile acid concentrations
      with advancing age. From the findings of this study, it is obvious that matching
      for age is important when case-control studies concerning the role of fecal bile
      acids in colorectal carcinogenesis are conducted.

PMID- 3371140
TI  - Circulating IgA immune complexes and skin IgA deposits in liver disease. Relation
      to liver histopathology.
AB  - Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by elevated serum IgA
      concentrations, the presence of circulating immune complexes containing IgA, and
      IgA deposits along sinusoids in the liver. When combined with the presupposed IgA
      clearance function of the liver, a causal association between IgA abnormalities
      and the liver disease in ALD can be suggested. This prompted us to study the
      presence and concentration of circulating IgA-containing immune complexes (IgA
      CIC) in 41 patients with ALD and 41 patients with other nonalcoholic liver
      diseases having comparable serum IgA levels. We searched for relationships among
      IgA-CIC and history of alcohol abuse, liver histopathology, and IgA deposits in
      the liver. Using an anti-IgA inhibition binding assay, 56% of the patients
      exhibited IgA-CIC in polyethylene glycol precipitate of serum and 38% showed IgA
      CIC in whole serum. The prevalence and concentration of IgA-CIC was lowest in
      cases with nonspecific changes or steatosis in the liver biopsy and highest in
      cases with hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.01). The occurrence of IgA-CIC
      was not related to a history of alcohol abuse or to the presence of IgA deposits
      along hepatic sinusoids (which occurred in 78% of ALD and 20% of non-ALD cases).
      A skin biopsy was available from 34 patients (19 with ALD and 15 with non-ALD).
      In 68% of these biopsies, IgA deposits were observed in superficial blood
      capillaries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371142
TI  - Bile acid sequestration by the solid phase of stools in cystic fibrosis patients.
      Role of pancreatic enzymes.
AB  - The distribution of bile acids in the stool of seven cystic fibrosis (CF)
      patients with severe or mild steatorrhea was examined and compared with that of
      three controls. Results indicated significantly lower endogenous bile acid
      concentrations in the stool water phase, obtained by centrifugation, in the CF
      patients (12.0 +/- 3.5%), compared with the controls (25.5 +/- 8.1%). In vitro
      incorporation of labeled cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) demonstrated
      a stronger binding of both to the particulate matter of stools in the CF group.
      Using equilibrium dialysis, the calculated concentrations of unbound CA and DCA
      in the CF group measured 0.78 and 0.3 mumol/g homogenate, respectively, and in
      the control patients 1.76 and 1.39 mumol/g homogenate, respectively. Partial
      release of bile acids from CF stool pellets was achieved by the addition of
      trypsin and elastase, as well as by alkalinization. It is suggested that in
      patients with CF, stool bile acids are bound to the undigested protein fraction,
      which makes them unavailable for colonic resorption.

PMID- 3371143
TI  - An improved pressure-sensitive capsule for endoscopic measurement of esophageal
      variceal pressure.
AB  - A new small noninvasive pressure-sensitive capsule for the endoscopic measurement
      of esophageal varix pressure was evaluated and compared to an initial Yale
      designed capsule to test the hypothesis that the diameter of the capsule
      measuring surface is a limiting factor for the accuracy and variability of
      capsule pressure measurements. Capsule pressures obtained with each capsule,
      using rabbit mesenteric vessels comparable in size to human esophageal varices,
      were correlated with direct intraluminal pressure measurements. There was an
      excellent correlation between capsule pressure measurements obtained with the
      small capsule and intraluminal pressure (r2 = 0.97) which was significantly
      greater than the correlation obtained when the initial capsule was studied (r2 =
      0.89, P less than 0.01). The variability of capsule pressure measurements
      obtained with the small capsule was less than that observed when measurements
      were obtained with the initial capsule (P less than 0.01). Therefore, this new
      small capsule should provide the most accurate and reproducible noninvasive
      measurements of variceal pressure.

PMID- 3371141
TI  - Biliary calcium and bile acid secretion in intact and TPTX rats with varying
      plasma calcium concentration.
AB  - Investigations of the effects of plasma calcium concentration on the relationship
      between biliary secretion of bile acid and calcium were performed in
      normocalcemic, calcium gluconate-induced hypercalcemic, thyroparathyroidectomy
      induced hypocalcemic (TPTX) rats, and TPTX rats that received calcium gluconate
      to maintain normocalcemia. Studies were done at normal bile flow and at sodium
      taurocholate-stimulated bile flow. The results showed that biliary calcium
      secretion, which could occur in the absence of parathyroid hormone and
      calcitonin, was dependent mainly on plasma calcium concentration and was only
      partly influenced by bile acid secretion. Concerning the route of biliary calcium
      secretion, 80% was by the transcellular pathway and 20% was by the paracellular
      pathway. During theophylline-stimulated bile-acid-independent bile flow, the
      increase in bile-acid-independent calcium was found to be secreted by both
      pathways.

PMID- 3371144
TI  - Pseudomonas and endoscopy.

PMID- 3371145
TI  - Caffeine disposition in the pregnant rabbit. I. Pharmacokinetics following
      administration by intravenous bolus and continuous zero-order infusion.
AB  - We studied the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in the pregnant New Zealand White
      rabbit, using two methods of drug administration. Ten rabbits that received a
      continuous intravenous infusion of caffeine (8-22 mg/kg.day) through 29 days of
      gestation exhibited increased plasma concentrations of caffeine and paraxanthine,
      its major metabolite, in the last half of gestation. Three rabbits that received
      intermittent intravenous bolus doses of caffeine (40 mg) exhibited areas under
      the caffeine plasma concentration versus time curve at 29 days of gestation that
      were 85-165% greater than those observed before mating. The results of these
      studies indicate that the elimination of caffeine is diminished in late gestation
      in the rabbit.

PMID- 3371146
TI  - Caffeine disposition in the pregnant rabbit. II. Fetal distribution of caffeine
      and paraxanthine during chronic maternal caffeine administration.
AB  - Twenty-three New Zealand White rabbits received a continuous intravenous infusion
      of caffeine during gestation. The amniotic fluid/maternal plasma concentration
      ratio was higher for caffeine than for its major metabolite, paraxanthine,
      throughout gestation, and increased near term for both compounds. Both compounds
      distributed nearly homogeneously to fluids and tissues of the 29-day fetus, with
      mean fetal/maternal concentration ratios of 0.7 for paraxanthine and 0.9 for
      caffeine. The free fraction of caffeine was constant during gestation (about
      0.8), while that of paraxanthine increased from 0.25 to 0.4. Similar results were
      observed in 3 Dutch Belted rabbits given caffeine in their drinking water and
      sacrificed at 29 days of gestation.

PMID- 3371148
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil in children and adolescents with Graves'
      disease in the hyperthyroid and euthyroid states.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of propylthiouracil (PTU) was studied in 7 patients having
      Graves' disease when they were hyperthyroid and then again when they were
      euthyroid. Two additional euthyroid patients were also studied. The t1/2, Ke, Ka,
      apparent Vd, AUC and clearance were calculated. Serum T3 and T4 were also
      measured. PTU had an immediate effect in reducing T3 levels. Although there were
      intraindividual variations, the mean PTU elimination half-time did not change
      from the hyperthyroid state (1.47 h) to the euthyroid state (1.53 h). The mean Ka
      when hyperthyroid (2.12 h-1) was significantly increased (p less than 0.005)
      compared to when euthyroid (1.00 h-1). The calculated kinetic information
      indicates that the disposition of PTU in children is similar to that reported in
      adults.

PMID- 3371147
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prematurity.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of doxapram were determined in 13 infants with idiopathic apnea
      of prematurity uncontrolled by aminophylline and caffeine. Doxapram was
      maintained for 72-96 h at a constant infusion rate of 2-2.5 mg/kg/h. Plasma
      doxapram levels were measured by gas liquid chromatography. The infants studied
      had a birth weight of 1,247 +/- 240 g (mean +/- SD), a gestational age of 29.4 +/
      2 weeks and were 9.9 +/- 6 days old. Steady-state plasma doxapram levels reached
      by all infants averaged 5.8 +/- 1.8 mg/l. Half-life was 6.6 +/- 5.7 h, plasma
      clearance 0.44 +/- 0.1 litres/kg/h, and calculated volume of distribution 4 +/-
      2.7 litres/kg. Doxapram controlled apnea successfully in 12 of 13 babies. A
      significant fall in PaCO2 and reduction in the rate of apnea was seen within 6-8
      h with corresponding doxapram levels of 3.7 +/- 1.8 mg/l. The factors influencing
      the pharmacokinetics of doxapram in newborns are presently unknown.

PMID- 3371149
TI  - Endogenous digoxin-like substance(s) associated with uneventful and high-risk
      pregnancies.
AB  - We assessed the existence of endogenous digoxin-like substance(s) (EDLS) in
      mother-neonate pairs using a routine radioimmunoassay for digoxin. None of those
      studied had been treated with cardiac glycosides during or before pregnancy. In
      uneventful pregnancies, cord EDLS levels (0.31 +/- 0.02 ng/ml mean +/- SEM) were
      significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than both antepartum and postpartum
      maternal levels (0.14 +/- 0.02 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 mg/ml, respectively). This
      observation was in contrast with findings in high-risk pregnancies. In general,
      EDLS levels in the high-risk group were significantly higher than in normal
      pregnancies (cord 0.94 +/- 0.38 ng/ml; antepartum 1.63 +/- 0.54 ng/ml; postpartum
      0.89 +/- 0.73 ng/ml). In the high-risk group there was a remarkably wide range of
      maternal and cord EDLS concentrations. The present studies suggest that following
      pregnancies of high risk for a variety of reasons, EDLS determination may be
      commonly high in the perinatal period and may affect the determination of 'true'
      digoxin. Consequently, digoxin dosing based on monitoring drug concentration may
      be futile.

PMID- 3371150
TI  - Sleep effect of rectal methohexitone (10 mg/kg) in children premedicated for
      anaesthesia.
AB  - Methohexitone (10 mg/kg) was administered before 464 general anaesthesias for 317
      children following intramuscular atropine and pethidine for various
      ophthalmological procedures. Approximately 70% of the children were asleep when
      anaesthesia was continued or started, usually with halothane in nitrous oxide and
      oxygen. Although the dose of methohexitone used here was smaller than that
      recommended in the literature, the results of the study did not greatly differ
      from earlier investigations in which no other premedication was given but where
      20 mg/kg methohexitone was used.

PMID- 3371151
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on the acid-base balance and hemodynamics of chronically
      instrumented pregnant sheep.
AB  - Maternal and fetal responses to maternal intravenous administrations of
      indomethacin (0.5 mg/kg over 3 min) were evaluated in 10 experiments performed on
      6 ewes at gestational ages of 107-139 days. Maternal and fetal aortic blood
      samples were obtained at frequent intervals over 2 h from the start of infusion.
      Significant maternal effects were (1) an increase in blood pressure (5 min) and
      (2) a decrease in heart rate (5, 15, 30 min). Fetal effects included (1) an
      increase in pH (5, 15 min) and (2) tachycardia (45, 60, 90, 120 min). At the
      dosage and duration administered, these maternal and fetal hemodynamic and fetal
      acid-base changes occurred independently of any effect upon uterine blood flow.

PMID- 3371152
TI  - Expand your horizons--write for publication.

PMID- 3371153
TI  - Preventing myxedema coma in the hypothyroid patient (continuing education
      credit).

PMID- 3371154
TI  - Cardiac output: iced versus room temperature solution.

PMID- 3371156
TI  - Developing a progressive care unit.

PMID- 3371155
TI  - Reducing multisystem failure after a Fontan procedure.

PMID- 3371157
TI  - The living will.

PMID- 3371158
TI  - Research Review Board opportunities.

PMID- 3371159
TI  - The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L18.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of rat ribosomal protein L18 was deduced from the
      sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA and confirmed from the amino
      terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. Ribosomal protein L18 contains 187
      amino acids (the amino-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the
      mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 21,530. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests
      of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 10-14 copies of the L18 gene. Rat
      ribosomal protein L18 is homologous to Xenopus laevis L14; the extent of the
      identity of the amino acid sequences is 87% and for the nucleotides in the coding
      region of the DNA it is 76%.

PMID- 3371160
TI  - Exercise and NIDDM.

PMID- 3371161
TI  - A group approach to nutritional problem solving using self-monitoring of blood
      glucose with diabetic adolescents.

PMID- 3371162
TI  - The role of aerobic exercise in reducing stress in diabetic patients.

PMID- 3371163
TI  - The therapeutic role of exercise in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3371164
TI  - Patient knowledge compared with national guidelines for diabetes care.

PMID- 3371165
TI  - Beyond CME: diabetes education field-interactive strategies from Sweden.

PMID- 3371166
TI  - The Kentucky Diabetes Control Program and the feasibility of the pyramidal model
      for public health intervention in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3371168
TI  - Public relations for the diabetes educator.

PMID- 3371167
TI  - Capillary blood glucose monitoring: a comparison of two hospital quality control
      programs.

PMID- 3371169
TI  - Acute psychological stress does not cause hyperglycemia in noninsulin dependent
      diabetes mellitus despite an increased sensitivity to sympathomimetic agents.

PMID- 3371170
TI  - Determining a research problem.

PMID- 3371171
TI  - The Diabetes Treatment Centers of America Foundation: what is it and how do you
      get money from it?

PMID- 3371172
TI  - An effective approach to lipid improvement in poorly controlled noninsulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3371173
TI  - Treating children with type I diabetes mellitus: choosing an appropriate
      nutritional treatment strategy.

PMID- 3371174
TI  - Glucose monitoring: a new technique in preparing the glucose strip.

PMID- 3371175
TI  - Prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian families
      with a single diabetic parent.
AB  - Offspring of one parent diabetic (OPDR-A) and offspring of one parent diabetic
      with a first-degree family history on the non-diabetic parental side (OPDR-B)
      were studied to assess the influence of familial aggregation on the prevalence of
      non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). All parents and offspring were
      tested for diabetes by oral glucose tolerance test. All parents had NIDDM. The
      prevalence of diabetes was 36% and 54% in the OPDR-A and OPDR-B families,
      respectively. The prevalence rate in OPDR-B was higher compared to OPDR-A
      families (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of diabetes in OPDR families was not
      different whether the father or the mother had diabetes. There was a male
      predominance among the diabetic offspring. The age at diagnosis was lower in the
      offspring compared to that in their parents in both groups. The expected risk of
      diabetes was greater in OPDR-B families compared to OPDR-A families. Thus it is
      seen that there is high prevalence of NIDDM in our population even in families
      with only one diabetic parent.

PMID- 3371176
TI  - Effect of ovarian hormones upon liver mitochondrial function in diabetic rats.
AB  - In the present study it is shown that streptozotocin (SZ)-induced chronic
      diabetes of female albino rats produced significant alterations in liver
      mitochondrial function after 30-35 days of diabetes. The disturbances were as
      follows: (1) a significant fall of the mean values of the respiratory control
      ratio and of state 3 of respiration using three substrates, 3-hydroxybutyrate,
      malate-glutamate and succinate, and (2) a significant increase of the mean
      damping factor of the oscillatory osmotic variations (with valinomycin as K+
      ionophore and succinate as substrate). The same mitochondrial function parameters
      were analyzed for comparison in control non-diabetic rats (group N) and in the
      following groups of female rats with chronic diabetes: intact (group I),
      oophorectomized (6 days after the injection of SZ) (group O), and oophorectomized
      with restitution therapy of 17 beta-estradiol (from the operation until the day
      before killing) (group O + Eol). The O group showed significantly higher values
      of the respiratory control ratio and of state 3 of respiration and significantly
      lower damping factors than group I. The restitution treatment in the O + Eol
      group restored the mitochondrial functions assayed to values similar to those of
      group I. These data provide strong evidence that estrogens exert a negative
      effect at the molecular level upon impaired liver mitochondrial functions in SZ
      induced diabetes.

PMID- 3371177
TI  - Morphological study of nervous system in Vacor-induced diabetic rats.
AB  - Patients with Vacor diabetes mellitus frequently developed diabetic ketoacidosis
      and neuropathy in the early stage of the disease; however, the mechanism of the
      development of diabetes and its neurologic complications is not known. In this
      study, oral administration of 100 mg Vacor/kg of body weight was used in Wistar
      male rats. The rats were sacrificed 6 h after administration to avoid natural
      expiration. Light microscopy revealed focal hemorrhage and edematous change in
      the periventricular area of the brain, scattered hemorrhage in the posterior and
      anterior horns, spongy degeneration and demyelinization in th fasciculus gracilis
      and cuneatus of the white matter, early degenerative changes in the sciatic
      nerve, and no change of the vagus. Electron microscopy showed necrosis of the
      axon, myelin sheaths and glia cells in the spinal cord, while the organelles of
      the peripheral nerves were unchanged. These findings indicate that Vacor produces
      various neurotoxicities in the acute toxic phase.

PMID- 3371178
TI  - Effects of several simple sugars on serum glucose and serum fructose levels in
      normal and diabetic subjects.
AB  - Fructose has a reaction constant 7.5 times as high as that of glucose in its
      nonenzymatic reaction with protein in vitro. The effects of glucose, sucrose and
      fructose ingestion on serum fructose and glucose levels were studied to evaluate
      the overall biohazard, i.e., the probability of their altering proteins while
      circulating in the blood. Normal and diabetic subjects were given either 75 g
      glucose, 75 g fructose, 75 g sucrose, or 112.5 g fructose after fasting, and
      their serum levels of sugars were measured at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h. In normal
      subjects, fructose ingestion produced significantly lower serum glucose levels
      and significantly higher serum fructose levels than did glucose ingestion, while
      sucrose produced intermediate results. The glycemic effect was found to be lowest
      for fructose and highest for glucose. The calculated overall biohazard was,
      however, highest for fructose and lowest for glucose in normal subjects.
      Furthermore, the serum fructosemic index was directly proportional to the amount
      of fructose ingested. In diabetic subjects, blood fructose clearance was
      significantly more delayed than in the controls when the same amount of fructose
      was ingested. These results suggest that an evaluation of the effects of simple
      in the diabetic diet requires a closer examination of the overall biological
      effects of the sugars.

PMID- 3371179
TI  - Re: absence of ICA in malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3371180
TI  - [Mechanoreceptors in transplants of minced gastrocnemius muscle in young and old
      rats].

PMID- 3371181
TI  - [Low doses of ionizing radiation and mutagenesis].

PMID- 3371182
TI  - [Non-oxidative function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the brain of
      animals].

PMID- 3371183
TI  - [Mechanism and regulation of calcium influx into erythrocytes].

PMID- 3371184
TI  - [Copper-dependent site-specific "self-cleavage" of single-stranded DNA in the
      presence of ascorbate and H2O2].

PMID- 3371185
TI  - [Localization of RNA sites in bacteriophages Qbeta, fr and MS2 involved in
      interaction with ribosomal protein S1 during formation of complexes with 30S
      ribosomal subunit].

PMID- 3371186
TI  - [Differences in the composition of contractile proteins from red and white
      skeletal muscles of teleost fishes].

PMID- 3371187
TI  - [Inhibition of DNA synthesis in nuclei of malignant cells after fusion with
      macrophages].

PMID- 3371188
TI  - [DNA synthesis and mitotic division of cerebral cortex neurons in adult rats
      after intracerebral transplantation of embryonal nerve tissue based on data from
      an autoradiographic study].

PMID- 3371189
TI  - Publication rates of pharmaceutical scientists: application of the waring
      distribution.
AB  - The publication frequency characteristics of 1984 Journal of Pharmaceutical
      Sciences reviewers were investigated to provide a perspective on the state of the
      pharmaceutical literature, its dynamics and some of its features. The average
      number of per capita total publications in 1984 was 3.56, with 26.9% of the
      reviewers not publishing at all during the year. The average number of per capita
      first-authorship publications in our survey was 1.17; the percentage of reviewers
      not publishing a paper as senior author increased to 50.4%. The so-called elite
      group of scientists--that is, the top group of scientists who publish 50% of the
      papers--consisted of 12.8% and 11.7% of the sample for total and senior-authored
      papers, respectively. Waring distributions were shown to adequately characterize
      the data. The conceptual scheme leading to the Waring distribution assumes three
      fundamental characteristics: (1) a "self-reproducing" property, viz., the rate of
      new entrants (potential publishing scientists) is proportional to community size;
      (2) a "cumulative advantage" or "success breeds success" property, viz., more
      highly published scientists; are more likely to publish their next article than
      are less-published scientists; and (3) a uniform "leakage" property, viz., all
      scientists, regardless of publication rates, have equal likelihood of dropping
      out of the publication community.

PMID- 3371190
TI  - Vancomycin serum protein binding determination by ultrafiltration.
AB  - Sixty-two serum concentrations were obtained from 12 infected patients enrolled
      in a vancomycin pharmacokinetic study. Both unbound and total serum vancomycin
      concentrations were measured using ultrafiltration and a commercial fluorescent
      polarization immunoassay. Ultrafiltrates were obtained by centrifugation at 1000
      X g for ten minutes at room temperature and their assay indicated a range in
      protein binding from 7.9 to 71 percent. The mean protein binding (mean +/- SD)
      was 41.95 +/- 14.15 percent. No measurable adsorption of vancomycin onto the
      ultrafiltration membrane was noted. Orthogonal regression of unbound versus total
      vancomycin concentrations was described by the equation y = 0.597x-0.362 with a
      correlation coefficient of 0.948.

PMID- 3371191
TI  - Stability of terbutaline sulfate injection stored in plastic tuberculin syringes.
AB  - Terbutaline sulfate injection was drawn up into plastic tuberculin syringes and
      stored under four conditions: exposed to ambient (fluorescent) light at room
      temperature (23-25 degrees C) and under refrigeration (2-8 degrees C) and
      protected from light at room temperature and under refrigeration. The terbutaline
      sulfate content was determined one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven weeks
      after initial storage. The analytical method employed was the United States
      Pharmacopoeia XXI colorimetric procedure. Under all four storage conditions
      terbutaline sulfate concentration was greater than 90 percent of initial
      concentration at all time periods.

PMID- 3371192
TI  - Major depression with psychotic features associated with acyclovir therapy.
AB  - Psychiatric side-effects associated with acyclovir therapy are very rare in the
      medical literature. We present a case of depression with paranoid delusions in a
      patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia that appeared after intravenous
      acyclovir treatment for herpes simplex infection. The clinical picture resolved
      following discontinuation of acyclovir and treatment with haloperidol and
      maprotiline. The patient's status was intact at an eight-month follow-up check.
      The few reports of psychiatric disorders due to acyclovir are reviewed and
      discussed.

PMID- 3371193
TI  - Chloroquine-induced acute dystonic reactions in the presence of metronidazole.
AB  - A 30-year-old woman underwent laparotomy and was placed on a seven-day course of
      metronidazole and ampicillin postoperatively. Chloroquine therapy for malaria was
      instituted on the sixth day and the patient developed acute dystonic reactions
      after a single dose. Diphenhydramine therapy before chloroquine administration
      did not prevent the development of the dystonic reactions. The extrapyramidal
      symptoms subsided upon diazepam administration and chloroquine withdrawal even
      though metronidazole therapy was continued. The mechanism of this adverse drug
      reaction based on the pharmacodynamic interaction between chloroquine and
      metronidazole is discussed. It is suggested that the combination of pyrimethamine
      and sulfadoxine be used in place of chloroquine for malaria chemotherapy in
      patients on metronidazole therapy.

PMID- 3371194
TI  - Dystonic reaction possibly induced by cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides.
AB  - A 39-year-old male presented to the emergency room following parenteral injection
      of a household insecticide. The patient suffered from delayed, local
      complications as well as a dystonic-like reaction involving the neck musculature
      that was relieved by intramuscular diphenhydramine. Exposure to cholinesterase
      inhibitor insecticides has been associated with a number of serious toxicities
      due to accumulation of acetylcholine at various sites. It has been suggested that
      dystonic reactions are caused by an imbalance between cholinergic and
      dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system. Therefore, a possible
      explanation of the dystonic reaction in this case is the increased cholinergic
      activity relative to dopaminergic activity induced by the insecticide.

PMID- 3371195
TI  - Nicotine gum dependency: a positive addiction.
AB  - Prolonged nicotine gum dependency may provide a therapeutic interlude for the
      compulsive or addictive patient during the transition from smoking to a tobacco
      free state. We present a case report of an addicted man with asthma who
      successfully converted his tobacco dependency to the daily use of nicotine gum
      for four years. No adverse effects were seen. Nicotine gum has potential as
      substitution therapy for prolonged treatment in a highly addictive, compulsive
      patient.

PMID- 3371197
TI  - Is there significance beyond the t-test.

PMID- 3371196
TI  - Tasteful and tasteless advertising.

PMID- 3371198
TI  - Drug safety, pharmacoepidemiology, and regulatory decision making.
AB  - The safety or risk assessment of a pharmacotherapeutic agent begins early in its
      development and continues throughout its use cycle. The practice of
      pharmacoepidemiology is the art of using the sciences and the tools of science to
      generate information about pharmaceutical outcomes, including associated risks,
      in the postmarketing environment. A pharmacoepidemiologist must be capable of
      functioning with a matrix constructed of three components: a knowledge base, a
      conceptual framework, and an interpretive framework. From this perspective one
      can establish surveillance schemes, or understand a posed research question,
      select strategies, apply methodologies, and interpret the results of purposeful
      investigations. When conveyed to the risk manager, appropriately interpreted
      results of a properly conducted risk assessment can be used in regulatory
      decision making. Seven case studies are presented as examples of this approach.

PMID- 3371199
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri and nitrofurantoin.

PMID- 3371200
TI  - Management of unusually high serum digoxin concentrations.

PMID- 3371201
TI  - Screening adults for multiple immunization needs.

PMID- 3371202
TI  - Liquid dosage form of chloroquine.

PMID- 3371203
TI  - Comment: neglect of stereochemistry.

PMID- 3371204
TI  - Comment: prazosin associated with stroke.

PMID- 3371205
TI  - The treatment of hypertension in older patients.

PMID- 3371206
TI  - Sustained-release formulations of metoclopramide.

PMID- 3371207
TI  - [Type and prognosis of loco-regional recurrence in rectal carcinoma: a follow-up
      study].
AB  - The recurrence rate after 438 curative operations for rectal carcinoma was 44.1%
      (193 cases). It was independent of age and sex, but correlated closely with
      tumour stage. Tumours in an early stage recurred rarely and late. The success of
      a second operation was influenced by the type of local-regional recurrence. Only
      three of 34 presacral recurrences were again treated surgically with cure as the
      aim, compared with seven of 17 anastomosis recurrences, five of eight perineal
      recurrences, four of six recurrences after local dissection, and all colostomy
      recurrences, vaginal recurrences and metachronic second tumours. The further
      course demonstrated that about three quarters of patients who had undergone
      seemingly curative operations died from their tumour. The cure rate was only 8.8%
      for all patients after operations for recurrence and 22.6% for those who had
      undergone "curative" second operations.

PMID- 3371208
TI  - [Long-term results of transluminal valvuloplasty in calcified aortic valve
      stenosis].
AB  - Transluminal valvuloplasty (TVP) was attempted in 11 patients, aged 38-82 years,
      with calcified aortic valve stenosis (AS). The transvalvular systolic pressure
      gradient was reduced from a mean of 91 +/- 28 to 44 +/-30 mm Hg. Two patients had
      needed an emergency with decompensated AS in cardiogenic shock, died during the
      operation, another died of the consequences of an endocarditis. One patient had
      an inadequate TVP: a renewed TVP was subsequently performed at another hospital,
      followed by an operation for severe aortic regurgitation produced by the second
      TVP. In four patients left-heart catheterization 3-12 months post-dilation
      demonstrated considerable restenosis. One patient was significantly improved
      clinically (but no angiography had as yet been performed) four months after the
      TVP. Doppler echocardiography in this patient, too, demonstrated renewed increase
      in transvalvular pressure gradient. The results demonstrate that, because of the
      high rate of recurrence, TVP is at present only rarely indicated for calcified
      AS.

PMID- 3371209
TI  - [Neurosyphilis in HIV infection: persistence after high-dose penicillin therapy].
AB  - Ten years after treatment of secondary syphilis a 44-year-old otherwise
      asymptomatic HIV-infected patient developed acute meningovascular syphilis with
      multifocal manifestations and neurological deficit. Whether it was a reactivation
      or new infection could not be established. High-dosage intravenous penicillin
      treatment failed to eliminate completely the CNS disease process. Inflammatory
      CSF findings with pleocytosis and demonstration of intrathecally formed specific
      antibodies, still present a year later, made it likely that the syphilitic
      infection was persisting. The concurrent HIV infection probably aggravated the
      course of the neurosyphilis. Serological tests for syphilis should be done in
      every HIV-infected patient, followed by CSF examination if the results are
      suspicious. Analogous to the known opportunistic CNS infections, a more extensive
      period of treatment should also be considered in the case of neurosyphilis in HIV
      infected patients.

PMID- 3371210
TI  - [Churg-Strauss syndrome. Seldom seen or only seldom diagnosed?].

PMID- 3371212
TI  - [Prenatal toxoplasmosis: diagnosis and prevention].
AB  - Sera of six children, clinically suspected of having congenital toxoplasmosis,
      and of their mothers were examined for specific antibodies. In four, prenatal
      infection was established shortly after birth by significant titre differences
      between the neonatal and maternal sera. In three neonates, toxoplasma-specific
      IgM antibodies were demonstrated. In two children, aged seven and 16 months,
      postnatal infection could not be absolutely excluded, although both they and
      their mothers had high toxoplasma antibody titres.

PMID- 3371211
TI  - [Treatment of chronic polyarthritis with low-dose methotrexate].
AB  - Methotrexate, 7.5-25.0 mg, was taken in a single weekly dose by 101 patients with
      chronic rheumatoid arthritis. In the course of treatment there was significant
      improvement in pain and mobility, as well as in the number of inflamed joints,
      strength of hand-grip (both hands), and use of steroids. There was a significant
      fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and haemoglobin content rose
      significantly. Improvement occurred in 85% of patients; within this group 30% had
      a remission during treatment. There were 7% non-responders. Side effects were
      frequent: gastrointestinal symptoms in about 50%, loss of hair and stomatitis in
      10-20%. In nine patients methotrexate had to be discontinued because of side
      effects, but in six of them the drug was taken again later on. Transaminases
      increased in 50% of patients. No clear-cut histological changes were found in the
      liver. It is concluded that low-dose methotrexate is effective in the long-term
      treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3371213
TI  - [Idiopathic familial erythrocytosis. Report on a family with autosomal dominant
      inheritance].
AB  - An autosomal erythrocytosis, inherited as a dominant, occurred in seven members
      of a family. The propositus was first diagnosed as having erythrocytosis at 26
      years of age. He had headaches and marked plethora. Polycythaemia vera and
      secondary erythrocytosis of known cause were excluded. Erythropoietin level was
      not elevated. Two of his three children were also found to have erythrocytosis.
      As in this family, the disease is characterized in middle age by hypertension,
      cardiovascular and thromboembolic phenomena, as well as abnormal bleeding. For
      over eight years the propositus has been successfully treated with repeated
      venous blood lettings.

PMID- 3371215
TI  - [Placebo? Reproducibly demonstrable effects of placebos].

PMID- 3371214
TI  - [The so-called pituitary snuff-taker's lung. A case contribution].
AB  - A 37-year-old woman who had developed diabetes insipidus after an abortion,
      requiring nasal substitution treatment with desmopressin (Minirin), began to
      suffer from fatigue, nocturnal sweating, cough and dyspnoea on exertion.
      Exogenous-allergic alveolitis was demonstrated by chest x-ray, lung function
      tests, blood gas analysis, broncho-alveolar lavage and transbronchial lung
      biopsy. After changing the treatment to an intramuscularly administered
      preparation and starting steroid therapy the clinical, radiological and lung
      function findings rapidly improved.

PMID- 3371216
TI  - [Ownership of drug samples delivered to hospital physicians].

PMID- 3371217
TI  - [Aluminum and dihydropteridine reductase in Alzheimer's disease].

PMID- 3371218
TI  - [Psychosomatics of irritable bowel syndrome].

PMID- 3371219
TI  - [Chronic subdural hematoma in aged patients. Diagnostic problems].
AB  - The history, clinical features, laboratory tests and admission circumstances were
      analysed retrospectively in 14 patients, aged 60 to 87 years, who were found to
      have a chronic subdural haematoma. Typical clinical features consisted of
      dominant psychiatric disorders, slow progression and frequently only traces of
      neurological signs. In only four patients was headache the initial symptom. Delay
      in diagnosis and treatment worsened the prognosis. Several factors account for
      the nonspecific signs and symptoms: diffuse cerebral atrophy, dementia of a
      degenerative or vascular nature, and cerebral decompensation. Computed tomography
      immediately after a trauma may be negative.

PMID- 3371220
TI  - [Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and colonic diseases].
AB  - Four febrile patients were found to have a bacteraemia or endocarditis caused by
      Streptococcus bovis. Although there were no gastrointestinal symptoms, polyps in
      the colon, of a high degree of malignancy, were discovered in three. In the
      fourth, carcinoma of the colon, requiring resection, was found seven years after
      Streptococcus bovis endocarditis. The polyps were removed by endoscopy and the
      Streptococcus bovis infection in all cases cured by penicillin. All four patients
      had accompanying resistance-lowering illnesses, which favoured microbial
      invasion.

PMID- 3371221
TI  - [Androgen receptors in primary breast carcinoma. Relation to prognostic factors
      in comparison with estrogen and progesterone receptors].
AB  - Androgen receptor content was correlated with various prognostic factors in 274
      patients with breast cancer. Receptor content was determined by the dextran
      coated charcoal method (DCC). No direct relationship was found between androgen
      receptor content and age of patient, menstruation status, TN status and number of
      affected lymph nodes. But in 232 patients in whom tumour differentiation could be
      determined, there was a highly significant relationship between it and androgen
      receptor content (P less than 0.01). Similar correlations were found also between
      these prognostic factors and oestrogen or progesterone receptors. The percentage
      distribution of tumours of different degrees of differentiation was independent
      of the kind of demonstrable steroid-hormone receptor. However, the frequency of
      highly differentiated tumours rose with the number of different receptors that
      were determined. Thus steroid-hormone receptors can be considered as markers for
      differentiation. It seems possible that the additional determination of androgen
      receptors allows for a more exact selection of patients who should receive
      hormonal treatment.

PMID- 3371223
TI  - [Surgical therapy of chronic duodenal ulcer today].

PMID- 3371222
TI  - [Pentoxyverine poisoning via maternal milk in a fully breast-fed newborn infant].
AB  - A four-week-old male infant who had been exclusively breast-fed by his mother
      developed acute respiratory failure with intermittent arrest of breathing for up
      to 15 sec, in between sighing breaths and normal ones. For two weeks his mother
      had been taking pentoxyverine-containing cough drops for an upper respiratory
      tract infection. Pentoxyverine was demonstrated in maternal serum and breast
      milk, as well as the child's serum and urine, in some in very high
      concentrations. The course of the illness and comparison with reported instances
      of pentoxyverine poisoning in infants makes it likely that this, too, was such a
      case.

PMID- 3371224
TI  - [Homeopathy--a challenge or annoyance for scientific medicine?].

PMID- 3371225
TI  - [The carrying of emergency bags by physicians during private travel].

PMID- 3371226
TI  - [Competence to make decisions concerning hospitalization].

PMID- 3371227
TI  - [Systemic necrotizing vasculitis].

PMID- 3371228
TI  - Extensive oligodendrocyte remyelination following injection of cultured central
      nervous system cells into demyelinating lesions in adult central nervous system.
AB  - Following the injection of central nervous system (CNS) cell cultures, prepared
      from 1-day-old rats and maintained in vitro for 7 days, into irradiated,
      demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord of adult isologous animals, extensive
      remyelination of axons by oligodendrocytes was observed. In addition, astrocytes,
      within the transplanted cell suspension, established normal relationships with
      oligodendrocytes, axons and other tissue elements, which led to the establishment
      of large CNS territories throughout the lesions. Outside these CNS domains,
      Schwann cells, which are present in the transplanted cell suspension, myelinated
      groups of axons. These observations indicate that the irradiated, ethidium
      bromide lesion provides an in vivo environment, devoid of the influences of host
      glia, in which to examine the interactions of transplanted glial cells with
      demyelinating axons.

PMID- 3371229
TI  - Age-dependent requirements of cultured spinal cord neurons.
AB  - Biochemical response of spinal motor neurons (SMNs) to putative trophic factors
      present in the fetal calf serum (FCS) or released from the native glial cells was
      evaluated in ventral spinal cord cultures of 12- to 14- and 16- to 18-day embryos
      (before and after death of many SMNs in vivo) considering choline
      acetyltransferase and 2',3'-cyclic 3'phosphohydrolase as the biochemical markers
      of SMNs and oligodendrocytes respectively. Cultured SMNs of older embryos were
      more dependent than those of younger embryos on glial cells and on FCS putative
      trophic factors. FCS seemed more important than glial cells for survival of both
      older and younger SMNs and its withdrawal resulted in more prominent and longer
      neurite outgrowth. Our study demonstrates that the response of SMNs to trophic
      factors depends on the age of the rat embryos from which they were cultured.

PMID- 3371230
TI  - A glia-derived nexin promotes neurite outgrowth in cultured chick sympathetic
      neurons.
AB  - A glia-derived neurite-promoting factor has been purified from medium conditioned
      by C6 rat glioma cells. It induces neurite outgrowth in cultured mouse
      neuroblastoma cells and inhibits granule cell migration in explants of mouse
      cerebellum. This factor is a potent serine protease inhibitor which has recently
      been shown to belong to the protease nexin family. It has therefore been called
      glia-derived nexin (GDN). We report here that GDN also promotes neurite outgrowth
      in dissociated chick superior cervical ganglion neurons grown in serum-free
      medium. In these neurons, the presence of nerve growth factor is not required for
      the stimulatory effect of GDN in the initial phase of neurite outgrowth. These
      experiments demonstrate that a glia-derived protein with protease inhibitory
      activity can modulate neurite outgrowth in cultured chick sympathetic neurons.

PMID- 3371231
TI  - Dolichyl phosphate: rapid increase and predominant form of brain dolichol
      compounds during early brain development.
AB  - Of brain dolichol compounds, dolichyl phosphate is most critical since it serves
      as the carrier of saccharide moieties to be utilized for N-linked protein
      glycosylation. The objectives of the current study were to determine (1) whether
      the proportion of dolichyl phosphate to dolichol in brain is relatively large
      and/or changes with development, and (2) whether the subcellular distribution of
      these isoprenoid compounds differs and/or changes with development. A recently
      described, improved technique for isolation and quantitation of dolichyl
      phosphate was employed. The data show that in the first 4 weeks of postnatal life
      in the rat dolichyl phosphate is, in fact, the predominant form of total dolichol
      compounds in brain. Subsequently, concentrations of dolichol exceeded those of
      dolichyl phosphate in adult brain, particularly with aging. Dolichyl phosphate
      was found to be localized primarily in microsomes; dolichol was found in only
      small amounts in microsomes but was enriched in the fraction that contained
      lysosomes. The observations indicate that during early brain development, an
      active time period for differentiating events, many of which are mediated by
      glycoproteins, dolichyl phosphate is present in high concentration at the
      subcellular site of N-linked glycoprotein synthesis, i.e., endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3371232
TI  - Developmental study of the cell adhesion molecule L1.
AB  - Cell adhesion molecules are involved in several morphogenetic events during
      development. A spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of the neural cell
      adhesion molecule NCAM has previously been demonstrated. In this study, we
      describe developmental changes in the rat brain in the expression of another
      neural cell adhesion molecule, L1. The amount of L1 varies with age showing a
      peak value in early post-natal life. L1 is synthesized as a polypeptide with a
      relative molecular weight (Mr) of 200,000 in explant cultures of rat forebrain
      from embryonic day 17 to post-natal day 15, but L1 synthesis decreases relative
      to total protein synthesis during the same period. L1 sulphation does not appear
      to change developmentally whereas the degree of phosphorylation seems to
      decrease. At the plasma membrane L1 is present as three polypeptides with Mr
      200,000, 140,000 and 80,000. The latter is phosphorylated like the 200,000 Mr
      polypeptide. Furthermore, L1 exists in a soluble form which consists of 170,000,
      140,000 and 80,000 Mr polypeptides. During development a slight decrease in Mr of
      the 200,000 and 140,000 Mr polypeptides is observed, possibly due to changes in
      glycosylation. To conclude, L1 expression is temporally regulated and its
      function may thus, like NCAM, be developmentally modified by some of these
      changes.

PMID- 3371233
TI  - Effect of stimulus intensity variation on brainstem auditory evoked potentials.
      Maturational changes.
AB  - The effect of stimulus intensity variation on brainstem auditory evoked
      potentials in premature and full-term neonates has been studied in two
      experiments. They show that the effects are different according to age and to
      waves. The variation of latencies is greater the younger the child and it is
      clearer with wave I than waves III and V. The findings are discussed in terms of
      the maturation of the basal part of the cochlea.

PMID- 3371234
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of quantitative iron determination in gastric mucosa in
      iron overload].
AB  - The iron content of liver and gastric mucosa was quantitatively examined by means
      of atomic absorption spectrometry in 36 patients with iron overload (22 with
      idiopathic haemochromatosis, 14 with therapy-resistant anaemia) and in 17
      subjects without anomaly of iron metabolism. Diagnostically evaluable iron
      deposits in gastric mucosa were only found in severe iron overload. In this case
      it was correlated with the hepatic iron content, and was indicative of iron
      related disturbances also in other organs. The quantitative iron determination
      represents a diagnostic enlargement. It is indicated, if simple noninvasive
      methods are failing, and it should never be omitted in suspected iron overload,
      whenever other reasons as well are demanding gastroscopy.

PMID- 3371236
TI  - [Does paraneoplastic porphyria cutanea tarda exist?].
AB  - Our investigations in 134 patients showed corresponding to literature porphyria
      cutanea tarda (PCT) diagnosed by biochemical methods not to be a paraneoplastic
      dermatosis (but one possible exception acquainted). Relations between PCT and
      extrahepatic non-porphyrin producing tumours are improbable. Nevertheless but
      extremely seldom an irregular urinary porphyrin excretion associated with
      cutaneous changes of hepatic porphyria should lead to the presumption of a
      porphyrin producing hepatoma. PCT lasting for decades apparently presents a
      higher frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients suffering from liver
      cirrhosis than in cirrhotics without PCT. It is supposed that this possible
      progredience of liver disease in PCT into hepatocellular carcinoma may be
      prevented by chloroquine phosphate therapy.

PMID- 3371235
TI  - [Comparative follow-up study in vagotomized and conservatively treated duodenal
      ulcer patients].
AB  - We observed 87 patients with duodenal ulcer disease about one year. 46 patients
      (first group) after proximal gastric vagotomy were observed. A second group (41
      patients) were treated with antacids only. We compared our patients for their
      complaints, consumption of antacids, relapse rate and clinical, social and
      genetic aspects. The clearly better results of the surgically treated patients
      allow the conclusion for a better quality of life in patients after proximal
      gastric vagotomy.

PMID- 3371238
TI  - [Primary cancer of the appendix].
AB  - Case report about a carcinoma of the appendix, recognized by obduction of an 58
      years old man. Discussion of rarity, difficult clinical diagnostic, histological
      classification, metastasis and problems of differential diagnosis and therapy.

PMID- 3371237
TI  - [Chronic drug-induced hepatitis caused by dihydralazine].
AB  - Two cases are described, which revealed the picture of a dihydralazine-induced
      chronic aggressive hepatitis bioptically. One case was laparotomized under the
      clinical diagnosis of obstruction jaundice, the other exhibited no symptoms and
      was detected by elevated transaminases only. The time of exposure was 2-3 years.
      After withdrawal of dihydralazine the patients recovered within 2-3 months.
      Elevated transaminases (more than 1 mumol) should given occasion for withdrawing
      the drug or for performing of liver biopsy. In a total of 6,581 liver biopsies
      within five years an acute dihydralazine-hepatitis was seen more frequent than a
      chronic one (ratio 77:2).

PMID- 3371239
TI  - [Hypotensive activity of alpha-aryl beta-hydroxy acid esters].

PMID- 3371240
TI  - [Effect of various amounts of soy protein in the feed on the composition of bile
      in the rat].

PMID- 3371241
TI  - [Cross reactivity of human auto- and iso-antispermatozoa sera with spermatozoa of
      the guinea pig, hamster and rat].

PMID- 3371242
TI  - [Distribution of chloramphenicol in the blood].

PMID- 3371243
TI  - [Pathomorphological changes in the lungs in endotoxic shock in white rats (light
      and electron microscopic research)].

PMID- 3371245
TI  - [Histogenesis of endocardial tumors in rats].
AB  - 10 endocardial tumours (two tumours induced by N-nitrosoethylurea and eight
      spontaneous) of BD VI rats were examined for protein S-100 using specific
      antiserum in an immunoperoxidase reaction. The presence of protein S-100 in
      tumour cells is demonstrated in all cases and is considered as a proof of Schwann
      cell origin of these tumours.

PMID- 3371244
TI  - [Function of the hypophyseal-thyroid system of rats after prenatal treatment with
      alcohol].

PMID- 3371247
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of anthracycline antibiotics deposited by polymers].
AB  - An increase of doxorubicin concentration in different organs and tissues and its
      decrease in the peripheral blood were observed when studying pharmacokinetics of
      this drug administered in the 10% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone. A prolonged
      and stable release of carminomycin from glue composition MK-10-0 "carminacryl"
      confirms an expediency of alpha-cyanoacrylate use for deposition of anthracycline
      antibiotics with the aim of loco-regional chemotherapy.

PMID- 3371246
TI  - [Histamine-receptor sensitivity of lymphocytes in patients with early and
      advanced stage breast cancer].
AB  - It is established that histamine in the concentration of 10(-4)-10(-5) M
      possesses an inhibitory effect in the lymphocyte adherence inhibition test in
      patients with breast cancer. Using specific antagonists (H1-blocker dimedrol and
      H2-blocker cimetidine) it is shown that the revealed histaminergic suppression of
      the lymphocyte adherence inhibition is mediated through the stimulating influence
      of histamine on H2-receptors.

PMID- 3371248
TI  - [Genetic and oncological characteristics of CC57BR/Mv mice].
AB  - The incidence of spontaneous malignancies in this line was 21.3% with
      predominance of haemoblastoses, adenomas of the lungs and liver. The study of the
      genetic character revealed homozygosis of mice CC57BR in all test genes.

PMID- 3371249
TI  - [Joint evolution of erythrocyte membrane transport of tyrosine and tryptophan as
      a function of the clinical course of depression].
AB  - The clinical state and the erythrocyte membrane transports of tyrosine and
      tryptophan were studied longitudinally during one year (minimum period of 3
      months) in 44 depressive patients, 21 men and 23 women of 30 to 77 years of age.
      According to the DSM III, 18 patients had bipolar disorders (8 with short
      cycles), 14 had recurrent major depressions and 12 dysthymic disorders. Abnormal
      values for the membrane transports are found in the majority of patients; the
      pattern of these abnormalities differs among the nosological groups but decreased
      ratio of the tyrosine to tryptophan is the predominant finding. The membrane
      transports normalize as the clinical status improves. In bipolar disorders, the
      changes observed at the time of switching into mania differ among short and long
      cyclers. Short cyclers who become manic generally present a short period of
      normal mood and show values of membrane transports higher than when depressed or
      euthymic and higher than those of normal controls. Long cyclers directly switch
      into mania, and when manic have the same ratio of tyrosine to tryptophan than
      when depressed. Based on these biochemical observations, long cyclers resemble
      patients with recurrent major depression and short cyclers resemble dysthymic
      disorder patients, a group for which it has been suggested that one fifth become
      bipolar within years of evolution.

PMID- 3371250
TI  - [Obsessive-compulsive behavior caused by bilateral lesions of the lenticular
      nuclei. A new case].
AB  - Another case of obsessive behaviour as the consequence of lentiform nuclei
      lesions is reported. All the aspects of an obsessive neurosis were present:
      irresistible compulsiveness, acute anxiety in case of non accomplishment, magic
      like clues. The symptoms appeared after a carbon monoxide poisoning, in a 31
      years-old woman who had previously a pathological personality, of the
      psychopathic type, but without obsessive features. The onset of compulsions was
      paralleled by frontal-like psychological changes, but there was no reduction of
      intellectual or mnesic functions. A previous depressive state continued after the
      poisoning, so that the patient did not show an empty mind as did the other
      patients; the loss of "self-psychic activation" was only partial. All these case
      reports emphasize the fact that the neuropsychological testing must not be
      limited to the behaviour and must investigate the "mental content" as well. They
      also lead us to emphasize similitudes between psychic disorders related to
      lenticular lesions and those related to frontal lobe lesions, including obsessive
      like activities. Such case-reports provide a model in which some components of
      the obsessive neurosis, hebephrenia and depression are the consequence of an
      identified brain damage. It can be suggested that the neural circuits involving
      frontal lobes and parts of the neostriatum and of the pallidum are implicated in
      the mechanisms of these three types of psychoses.

PMID- 3371251
TI  - [Osteomalacia and anticonvulsant treatment in bedridden patients. Apropos of 2
      cases].
AB  - This article sets two bedridden mental retarded clinical cases, under a long run
      anticonvulsive treatment, who suffered from an osteomalacia syndrome, concealed
      until spontaneous fractures occurred and cured by a calcifediol treatment.
      Through these two cases, we remind you that in a psychiatric hospital, and in
      particular among mental retarded patients, anticonvulsive therapy can easily
      coincide with feeding problems and lack of period of sunshine. The osteomalacia
      risk is no longer exceptional and is to be considered since its detection and
      treatment are simple and results are convincing.

PMID- 3371252
TI  - [Value of maintenance electroshock therapy in recurrent depression. Apropos of 4
      cases].
AB  - Four cases of recurrent affective disorders received a long term treatment by
      maintenance ECT in order to control relapses which were not otherwise controlled
      by antidepressant or mood stabilizing drugs. The efficacy of maintenance ECT
      makes it possible to use this therapeutic method under certain conditions.

PMID- 3371253
TI  - Estrogen receptor distribution in enucleated breast cancer cell lines.
AB  - The intracellular location of estrogen receptors in hormone-responsive cells has
      been studied with a number of techniques which indicate that the unoccupied
      receptors are nuclear and not cytoplasmic proteins. We used cell enucleation of
      two human breast cancer-derived cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D, to determine whether
      the unoccupied receptors were also nuclear in these cells and to determine
      whether the weak estrogen phenol red, present in nearly all tissue culture media,
      affected the distribution of the receptors seen with this technique. Nucleoplasts
      prepared from the breast cancer cells contained most of the estrogen receptors
      that were present in whole cells. The cytoplast fraction, which contained some
      contaminating whole cells, also contained some receptors. However, incubating
      cells with estradiol before enucleation did not translocate any receptors out of
      the cytoplast fraction (to the nucleoplasts). The unoccupied receptors appeared
      to be almost exclusively nuclear in these cells. The same results were obtained
      with either radioligand binding or enzyme-linked immunoassay used to measure
      estrogen receptor, and the distribution of receptors was unaffected by the
      presence of the pH indicator phenol red. In addition, we observed changes in the
      estrogen receptor content of incubated cytoplasts that were consistent with
      receptor synthesis, and this may prove to be a useful model system to
      characterize receptor synthesis and degradation.

PMID- 3371254
TI  - A multicompartmental model for iodide, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine metabolism
      in normal and spontaneously hyperthyroid cats.
AB  - A comprehensive multicompartmental kinetic model was developed to account for the
      distribution and metabolism of simultaneously injected radioactive iodide
      (iodide*), T3 (T3*), and T4 (T4*) in six normal and seven spontaneously
      hyperthyroid cats. Data from plasma samples (analyzed by HPLC), urine, feces, and
      thyroid accumulation were incorporated into the model. The submodels for iodide*,
      T3*, and T4* all included both a fast and a slow exchange compartment connecting
      with the plasma compartment. The best-fit iodide* model also included a delay
      compartment, presumed to be pooling of gastrosalivary secretions. This delay was
      62% longer in the hyperthyroid cats than in the euthyroid cats. Unexpectedly, all
      of the exchange parameters for both T4 and T3 were significantly slowed in
      hyperthyroidism, possibly because the hyperthyroid cats were older. None of the
      plasma equivalent volumes of the exchange compartments of iodide*, T3*, or T4*
      was significantly different in the hyperthyroid cats, although the plasma
      equivalent volume of the fast T4 exchange compartments were reduced. Secretion of
      recycled T4* from the thyroid into the plasma T4* compartment was essential to
      model fit, but its quantity could not be uniquely identified in the absence of
      multiple thyroid data points. Thyroid secretion of T3* was not detectable.
      Comparing the fast and slow compartments, there was a shift of T4* deiodination
      into the fast exchange compartment in hyperthyroidism. Total body mean residence
      times (MRTs) of iodide* and T3* were not affected by hyperthyroidism, but mean
      T4* MRT was decreased 23%. Total fractional T4 to T3 conversion was unchanged in
      hyperthyroidism, although the amount of T3 produced by this route was increased
      nearly 5-fold because of higher concentrations of donor stable T4. Analysis of
      the data indicates that the increased overall T4* turnover (decreased MRT) in
      hyperthyroidism is due to increased losses through pathways other than T3
      formation. Conjugation, with subsequent deiodination, is proposed as one possibly
      important pathway. Results of this multicompartmental analysis are compared with
      those of noncompartmental analysis of the same data and with results of similar
      model analyses in other species.

PMID- 3371255
TI  - Effect of inferior laryngeal nerve section on thyroid function in rats.
AB  - To examine the role of thyroid parasympathetic innervation in organ's function,
      rats subjected to inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) section were employed. This
      procedure decreased thyroid [3H]choline uptake by about half. Bilaterally ILN
      sectioned rats treated with methylmercaptoimidazole for 4 days exhibited a
      significant impairment of the methylmercaptoimidazole-induced goitrogenic
      response. Unilateral ILN section resulted in further atrophy of the ipsilateral
      thyroid lobe in hypophysectomized rats. One week after ILN section a significant
      decrease of serum T4 and an increase of serum TSH were observed. Bilateral ILN
      section generally decreased circulating T4 for up to 28 days after surgery, while
      a unilateral ILN section caused a transient T4 decrease for 1 week after surgery.
      Compensatory thyroid growth in rats subjected to unilateral thyroidectomy (hemi
      Tx) and ILN section performed ipsilaterally to the remaining lobe, was
      significantly smaller than that of rats subjected to hemi Tx alone. Hemi Tx
      depressed serum T4 and increased serum TSH levels significantly. These hormonal
      changes were prevented by unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx), but
      were unaffected by ILN section. The combination of SCGx and ILN section negated
      the facilitating effect of SCGx on thyroid secretion and impaired the increase in
      compensatory thyroid growth brought about by thyroid sympathetic denervation.
      Thyroid mitotic index studies in hemi Tx rats receiving ILN section, SCGx, or a
      combination of both indicated that the increase in the number of follicular
      mitosis caused by hemi Tx was significantly impaired by ILN section and was
      significantly increased by SCGx. SCGx potentiation of thyroid follicular mitotic
      activity was partially prevented by concomitant ILN section. These results
      support a significant role of thyroid sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
      in the control of organ's growth and secretory activity.

PMID- 3371256
TI  - Progesterone modulation of androgen receptors in the brain and pituitary of male
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Androgen receptors (AR) were determined in cytosol and nuclear extracts of
      pituitary and neural tissue from intact male guinea pigs by a binding assay using
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone as ligand. Saturation analyses of cytosol from
      hypothalamus-preoptic area (POA)-amygdala regions and anterior pituitary revealed
      receptors (ARc) with apparent Kd values of 2.52 and 3.83 X 10(-10) M,
      respectively. Nuclear salt extracts from the same tissues contained receptors
      (ARn) with Kd values of 4.38 and 5.12 X 10(-10) M. Reproductive behavior of 10
      males was observed with receptive females for 10 min once a week. After 4 weeks,
      half of the animals received 10 mg progesterone (P)/day for an additional 4
      weeks. P treatment significantly (P less than 0.05) increased latency to first
      mount and decreased mounts per test period. After behavioral testing, analysis of
      the AR content of specific brain regions revealed that the highest concentrations
      of ARc and ARn were in the POA and medial basal hypothalamus, and the lowest were
      in the cerebral cortex. The ARn content was significantly suppressed in POA and
      medial basal hypothalamus (P less than 0.05) from P-treated males compared to the
      control value. These data show that AR content is highest in areas thought to
      control behavior and gonadotropin release within the brain of the male guinea
      pig. In addition, the antiandrogenic actions of P on the central nervous system,
      which in this experiment were expressed as a significant decline in reproductive
      behavior, may be explained by its interference with the retention of the AR in
      the nucleus.

PMID- 3371258
TI  - Melatonin increases serum insulin-like growth factor-I in male Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Male Syrian hamsters maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark photoperiod were
      injected once daily (1-2 h before lights out) with melatonin (25 micrograms),
      once every other day with T4 (5 micrograms every other day), or melatonin every
      day plus T4 every other day. Hamsters which received melatonin injections, with
      or without T4, had serum levels of insulin-like growth factor that were increased
      2-fold. The results suggest that melatonin-induced changes in body weight are a
      result of long-term changes in insulin-like growth factor-I secretion.

PMID- 3371257
TI  - The lipolytic activity of low concentrations of insulin-like growth factors in
      ovine adipose tissue.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) at concentrations of 40 ng/ml is lipogenic
      in ovine adipose tissue slices in vitro. Neither human IGF-II (hIGF-II) or rat
      IGF-II (rIGF-II) [multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA)] is lipogenic at
      similar concentrations. However, when present at lower concentrations recombinant
      human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) (400 pg/ml), hIGF-II (0.4 pg/ml), and MSA (40 pg/ml) were
      lipolytic. As IGF-II appeared more potent than IGF-I in promoting lipolysis, this
      effect may be mediated via the type 2 IGF receptor. The lipolytic effect of GH
      may be partly due to the actions of IGFs released locally.

PMID- 3371259
TI  - Effects of estradiol on the diurnal rhythm of serotonin activity in
      microdissected brain areas of ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether diurnal rhythms in
      serotonin (5HT) activity are detectable in individual hypothalamic nuclei of
      ovariectomized rats and whether estradiol induces specific rhythms of 5HT which
      may be necessary to cyclic release of LH and/or PRL. Young (3- to 4-month old)
      rats were bilaterally ovariectomized and 7 days later half the animals received
      Silastic estradiol capsules. Two days later groups were again divided: half the
      animals in each group were killed at 0800, 1200, 1800, and 2400 h. The remaining
      animals received pargyline (75 mg/kg body weight, ip) at these times and were
      killed 10 min later. The median eminence (ME), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),
      medial preoptic area (MPN), arcuate nucleus (AN), and globus pallidus (GP) were
      microdissected and assayed for 5HT by HPLC using electrochemical detection. A
      diurnal rhythm in 5HT turnover was found in the SCN, MPN, and AN of
      ovariectomized rats. 5HT turnover in these areas was significantly higher during
      the light hours (0800, 1200, and 1800 h) compared to the dark phase (2400 h). The
      ME and GP of ovariectomized rats did not exhibit a diurnal rhythm in 5HT
      activity. Exposure to estrogen altered the pattern of 5HT activity in all
      hypothalamic areas examined. In the ME, treatment with estradiol increased 5HT
      turnover at 1200 h, just before the predicted LH and PRL surge, and suppressed
      activity at all other times. In the SCN, estradiol reversed the 5HT rhythm:
      turnover was low during the light hours and high during the dark. In the AN and
      MPN, estradiol treatment increased 5HT activity and abolished the diurnal rhythm.
      5HT activity in the GP was not altered by exposure to estrogen. We conclude from
      these data that specific brain nuclei exhibit diurnal rhythms in 5HT turnover and
      that the patterns of 5HT activity in specific hypothalamic nuclei exhibit
      individual and unique responses to the presence of estrogen. These data suggest
      that the estradiol-induced diurnal pattern of 5HT activity may be necessary for
      the induction of cyclic release of LH and/or PRL.

PMID- 3371260
TI  - Djungarian hamsters exhibit reproductive responses to changes in daylength at
      extreme photoperiods.
AB  - In seasonally breeding species, an animal's photoperiodic history (the daylength
      or photoperiod previously experienced) influences the reproductive response to
      new photoperiods. However, this has only been examined over a relatively narrow
      range of photoperiods. We assessed whether Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus
      sungorus) respond to daylength changes at extremely long and extremely short
      photoperiods. To determine the extent and temporal sequence of reproductive
      responses to photoperiod changes, ultrasonography was employed to determine
      serial changes in testis weight in individual animals; serial changes in body
      weight and pelage color were also assessed. Male animals (60-day-old) shifted
      from 6 h of light/day (6L) to 10L showed partial testicular recrudescence and
      darkening of the coat. In control animals remaining in 6L, testes remained small,
      and coat color continued to lighten. Animals shifted from 20L to 16L showed
      partial and transient testicular regression, whereas testes remained large in
      control animals remaining in 20L. There were no significant differences in body
      weight between control and experimental animals in either study. These findings
      indicate that Djungarian hamsters respond reproductively to changes in
      photoperiod at extreme daylengths, but the magnitude of the response appears to
      be dependent on the absolute daylength.

PMID- 3371261
TI  - The ontogeny of sex differences in estrogen-induced progesterone receptors in rat
      brain.
AB  - The sex and age-related changes in the concentration of cytosol progesterone
      receptors (CPR) induced by estrogen (E) treatment in rat brain and pituitary were
      investigated by a modification of the Palkovits punch procedure using fresh
      tissue. Young male and female gonadectomized rats, 15, 21, 30, and 42 days of
      age, were treated for 44 h by a single sc injection of synthetic E. [Moxestrol
      (Ru2858)]. Adult gonadectomized animals were treated for 72 h by three injections
      of estradiol benzoate. Cytosol from pituitary and from punches of ventromedial
      nuclei (VMN), medial preoptic area (mPOA), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and cerebral
      cortex was labeled with 0.4 nM [3H]promegestrone (Ru5020) to maximize signal to
      noise and specificity of labeling of CPR. The developmental patterns of CPR
      differed across brain regions and between males and females. In VMN, females
      showed higher CPR levels after estrogen priming at 15, 21, and 42 days of age and
      in the adult; in ARC, females showed higher CPR levels after E priming at 15, 21,
      and 30 days of age, but not at 42 days or in the adult. In mPOA and pituitary, no
      consistent sex differences in CPR induction were found. Cortex showed no
      induction of CPR by E priming. Radioautography of [3H]Ru5020 uptake in VMN of E
      primed 15-day-old male and female rats revealed significantly higher labeling in
      females, thus showing that the CPR levels in vitro reflect a difference in
      hormone retention in vivo. Female VMN contained more neurons with a higher
      labeling index than male VMN. Before puberty (approximately = 30 days), there was
      a decline in CPR levels induced by E priming in both sexes in pituitary, ARC,
      mPOA, and VMN. At 30 days, the female greater than male sex difference
      disappeared and tended to reverse in mPOA and VMN, only to be restored again by
      42 days of age. Thus, the CPR induction by E priming may reflect underlying
      changes in E-sensitive brain regions associated with the preparation for puberty,
      as well as underlying sex differences in response to estrogen programmed by
      perinatal exposure to testosterone.

PMID- 3371262
TI  - Differential solubilization of placental lactogen (PL)- and growth hormone
      binding sites: further evidence for a unique PL receptor in fetal and maternal
      liver.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory provided evidence for the existence of a
      specific placental lactogen (PL) receptor in tissues of fetal lambs and pregnant
      sheep. The PL receptor is structurally and functionally distinct from
      somatotropic (GH) and lactogenic (PRL) receptors, and there are conspicuous
      differences in the expression of the three receptors during ontogeny. The results
      of the present study indicate striking differences in the solubilization of PL-
      and GH-binding sites in maternal and fetal sheep liver. Radiolabeled ovine PL
      (oPL) bound specifically and with high affinity (Kd, 0.97 nM) to soluble
      detergent extracts of ovine fetal liver, but there was no specific binding of
      radiolabeled ovine GH (oGH) or oPRL to soluble extracts or insoluble fractions of
      fetal liver. When liver microsomes of pregnant sheep were extracted with Triton X
      100, 80% of the [125I]oPL-binding sites were recovered in the soluble fraction,
      but 76% of the [125I]oGH binding sites were recovered in the insoluble pellet.
      Soluble extracts of maternal liver had high affinity for oPL (Kd, 1.45 nM), but
      low affinity for oGH (Kd 33 nM) and oPRL (Kd, 1-2 microM). On the other hand,
      Triton-insoluble fractions of maternal liver had high affinity for oGH (Kd, 0.95
      nM) as well as oPL (Kd, 0.91 nM), but low affinity for oPRL (Kd, 1-2 microM). The
      subunit structure of the [125I]oPL-binding site in soluble fractions of fetal and
      maternal liver (mol wt, 38-47K) was distinct from that of the [125I]oGH-binding
      site in Triton-insoluble fractions of maternal liver (mol wt, 54/118K). These
      findings indicate that treatment of microsomal fractions of fetal and maternal
      sheep liver with Triton X-100 solubilizes the oPL receptor but not the oGH
      receptor. The differential solubilization of PL- and GH-binding sites may
      facilitate purification of the two distinct receptors and clarification of their
      respective roles in the regulation of fetal and postnatal growth.

PMID- 3371264
TI  - Pretreatment of chick embryos with estrogen in ovo prevents mullerian duct
      regression in organ culture.
AB  - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) feminizes chick embryos in ovo, preventing regression of
      the Mullerian ducts (MDs). The feminized testis, however, despite its ovarian
      like appearance, continues to produce Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). This
      study was designed to test whether exogenous DES preserved the MD against
      endogenous MIS by affecting the target organ (feminization). DES (0.1 mg) was
      injected into the air sacs of 5-day-old chick embryos. Testes were obtained from
      15-day-old chick embryos and MDs from 8-day-old chick embryos and combined in
      organ culture for 72 h. MD regression was examined macroscopically and
      microscopically after 3 days in vitro in medium without DES (group A: n = 155)
      and with 10(-6) M DES (group B: n = 169). Four types of coculture were set up as
      follows: 1) Control testis with control MD; 2) DES-treated testis with DES
      treated MD; 3) Control testis with DES-treated MD; 4) DES-treated testis with
      control MD. In medium without DES (group A), MD regression was inhibited
      significantly when the duct was pretreated with DES [2) and 3) vs. 1) and 4)].
      The pretreated testis produced slightly less regression [4) vs. 1)], but this was
      not significant. Previous studies in ovo had suggested that estrogen prevented MD
      regression directly as well as causing feminization of the testis, because MIS
      secretion was not inhibited from the feminized gonad. These results show that
      pretreatment of the MD with DES blocks regression in vitro by a normal testis,
      confirming that the primary site of action of estrogen is on the duct itself.

PMID- 3371263
TI  - Differential effects of nephrectomy and surgery on plasma kininogens and
      angiotensinogen in the rat.
AB  - The effects of bilateral nephrectomy or a sham operation on plasma
      angiotensinogen and on the different kininogens were studied in the rat. Total
      plasma kininogen was measured by RIA of kinins after trypsin hydrolysis. In
      addition, the high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen and the low molecular weight
      (T)-kininogen were specifically quantified by using direct RIAs. Angiotensinogen
      was measured by RIA of angiotensin I after exhaustion by renin. Three groups of
      control, nonoperated, bilaterally nephrectomized and sham-operated rats were
      studied in each experiment. Twenty-four hours after either a bilateral
      nephrectomy or a sham operation total plasma kininogen was elevated approximately
      5 times when compared to control rats. Time course measurements from 0 to 48 h in
      3 other groups of control, bilaterally nephrectomized and sham-operated rats
      demonstrated that kininogen gradually increased at 12, 24, and 48 h after the
      surgery and that the elevation observed in plasma kininogen appeared to be
      entirely due to an increase in T-kininogen levels. There was no difference in T
      kininogen levels between bilaterally nephrectomized and sham-operated animals. By
      contrast HMW kininogen was neither influenced by surgery nor by nephrectomy.
      Angiotensinogen increased more than 8 times in bilaterally nephrectomized rats
      but displayed only little changes in sham-operated animals. During the course of
      this experiment it was observed that also in control animals submitted to
      repeated skin incision and venipuncture for blood sampling at the jugular vein, T
      kininogen increased dramatically in plasma, but reached values lower than in sham
      operated or bilaterally nephrectomized rats. In a third experiment performed in
      normal rats it was found that T-kininogen levels were more than 3 times elevated
      over initial values 24 h after a single blood sampling at the jugular vein. These
      results indicate that T-kininogen but not HMW kininogen is very sensitive to
      surgery, perhaps as a result of increased T-kininogen synthesis due to an
      inflammatory reaction. The T-kininogen might participate in the inflammatory
      reaction that occurs at the site of tissue injury and in the healing process. As
      there was no difference in T-kininogen, and in HMW kininogen levels between
      bilaterally nephrectomized and sham-operated rats, the kidneys do not seem to
      play an important role in the regulation of plasma kininogens. Angiotensinogen,
      HMW kininogen, and T-kininogen are therefore regulated separately after
      nephrectomy or surgery.

PMID- 3371265
TI  - Biological and immunological characterization of cleaved and 16K forms of rat
      prolactin.
AB  - A cleaved form of rat PRL (rPRL) has been reported to exist in the pituitary
      gland and to be the main product of PRL proteolysis by its target tissues. A 16K
      fragment derived from cleaved PRL (cPRL) has mammary mitogenic activity in rats
      in vivo, and we found that both cleaved and 16K PRLs are capable of binding to
      hepatic PRL receptors. To analyze the functional significance of cleaved and 16K
      PRLs, ample amounts of cPRL were generated by incubation of 24K rPRL in vitro
      with a 25,000 X g rat mammary gland pellet. cPRL was reduced (2-mercaptoethanol),
      and the 16K and 8K fragments were separated by gel filtration. The purity of the
      cleaved and 16K samples was established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, and their mitogenic [pigeon crop-sac, Nb2 lymphoma cell, and
      mammary cell bioassays (BAs)], lactogenic (casein BA), and immunologic (PRL RIA)
      activities were determined. cPRL had the same mitogenic activity, but half the
      immunoactivity, as intact PRL. The 16K fragment was biologically active in all
      assays. Its estimated mitogenic and lactogenic potencies were 65% and 10% those
      of the 24K PRL, respectively, and it had only 2% the immunoactivity of the intact
      hormone. Thus, the 16K fragment had higher BA to RIA ratios than cleaved or
      intact 24K PRLs. The functional significance of 16K PRL may have been
      underestimated owing to its low RIA activity.

PMID- 3371266
TI  - Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) increases bone mass in ovariectomized and
      orchidectomized rats.
AB  - In intact growing rats, intermittent administration of low doses of PTH increases
      bone mass. As gonadal hormones are considered to be essential for normal bone
      growth, the anabolic effect of PTH may be mediated or modified by these hormones.
      The objective of this research was to determine if the anabolic effect of PTH
      would be altered in female ovariectomized (OVX) and male orchidectomized (ORCHX)
      rats. Two weeks after ovariectomy, orchidectomy, or sham operations, 5-week-old
      rats (eight per group) were given daily sc injections of human PTH (1-34) (8
      micrograms/100 g) or vehicle. After 12 days of treatment, all rats were killed;
      castration was confirmed, and sera, femurs, tibias, and kidneys were collected.
      Calcium (Ca) and dry weight (DW) of trabecular and cortical bone of distal half
      femurs were measured. Female OVX rats were osteopenic compared to their sham
      operated controls, as the bone mass of distal femurs decreased while body weight
      increased. In PTH-treated females, total bone Ca and DW per 100 g BW increased
      significantly by 16% and 21%, respectively, in sham-operated rats and by 21% and
      25%, respectively, in OVX rats compared to the appropriate control values. ORCHX
      rats were also osteopenic, as the bone mass of distal femurs was significantly
      decreased compared to that in sham-operated males. However, as body weight also
      decreased, the bone mass per unit BW was not altered. In PTH-treated males, total
      bone Ca and DW per 100 g BW increased significantly by 34% and 25%, respectively,
      in sham-operated rats by 32% and 29%, respectively, in ORCHX rats compared to
      their appropriate control values. Serum Ca, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase
      levels were normal and comparable in all rats. We conclude that PTH increased
      bone mass in control, OVX, and ORCHX rats, and the anabolic response to PTH is
      not dependent on gonadal hormones.

PMID- 3371267
TI  - Equivalent potency and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human growth hormones with
      or without an N-terminal methionine.
AB  - Two forms of human GH (hGH) have been produced by recombinant DNA technology. One
      form has an amino acid sequence identical to that of the natural pituitary
      hormone (rhGH) and the other form has an additional N-terminal methionine (Met
      hGH). The biological potencies of these 2 polypeptides have been compared in
      hypophysectomized rats in a multidose study measuring body weights and several
      long bone growth parameters. The pharmacokinetic profiles after iv and sc
      injection were determined in cynomolgus monkeys in a 4-period cross-over study.
      All of the measured parameters in all the studies indicated that there was no
      difference in the two forms of hGH. Measurements taken after 27 daily injections
      of rhGH or Met-hGH (30-500 micrograms/kg.day) indicated that femur length and
      width of the proliferative zone in the tibial epiphysis showed dose-related
      effects for both forms of hGH but no difference between them. The relative
      potency, based on body weight gain, was calculated using a parallel line
      bioassay. Weight gain after 8 daily injections in the 5-dose long bone growth
      study indicated a rhGH potency of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.23)
      relative to Met-hGH. It was concluded that the presence of an N-terminal
      methionine on hGH has no effect on potency in this model. The pharmacokinetic
      parameters after iv administration were estimated by fitting serum concentration
      time data to a 2-compartment model. Parameters after sc injection were computed
      by compartment-independent methods. Met-hGH and rhGH had very similar
      pharmacokinetic profiles after both routes of administration. Comparison of the
      pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the clearance after iv administration
      (rhGH, 15 ml/min; Met-hGH, 13 ml/min) and the sc bioavailability (rhGH, 0.72 +/-
      0.21; Met-hGH, 0.59 +/- 0.21) were not significantly different for the 2 forms of
      hGH. It was concluded that rhGH and Met-hGH have equivalent bioavailability and
      pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 3371268
TI  - Effects of hypervitaminosis A on the bone and mineral metabolism of the rat.
AB  - Vitamin A toxicity has been associated with alterations in mineral metabolism and
      may result in osteopenia, fractures, deformities, and growth arrest. The
      pathogenesis of the bone lesions that occur in vitamin A toxicity is, however,
      ill defined and was examined in the present study. The administration of
      pharmacological doses of vitamin A to growing male rats resulted in weakness and
      spontaneous fractures. Undecalcified bone histology of vitamin A toxic animals
      was characterized by increased bone resorption, osteoclastosis, a paucity of
      trabecular surfaces covered with osteoid, and lesions which appear to be
      pathognomonic of hypervitaminosis A. The serum calcium and magnesium levels of
      vitamin A-toxic animals were unremarkable, but serum phosphate levels were
      significantly higher than control values. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion
      reflected bone histology and was significantly increased in experimental rats.
      Circulating levels of the potent bone resorbers, PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D,
      and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, were, however, comparable in vitamin A-toxic and control
      animals, suggesting a possible direct effect of vitamin A on bone. Subsequently,
      the effects of vitamin A (retinol) on in vitro collagen synthesis (incorporation
      of [3H]proline into collagen) and bone resorption (45Ca release from bone) were
      examined using a fetal rat calvarial culture. Retinol added to the culture medium
      for 20-24 h in concentrations ranging from 0.5-10 micrograms/ml selectively
      inhibited collagen synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. Higher concentrations
      of retinol were toxic and resulted in a general inhibition of protein synthesis.
      Bone resorption was stimulated by 0.5 and 2.5 micrograms/ml retinol. We conclude
      that vitamin A toxicity in rats causes bone lesions, the genesis of which can be
      explained, at least in part, by a direct effect of the vitamin on skeletal
      tissue.

PMID- 3371269
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated vesicular transport of calcium in intestine:
      time-course studies.
AB  - Previous work has biochemically identified lysosomes containing calcium and
      calbindin-D28K (CaBP) in chick intestine that are sensitive to 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] status. In the present work, lysosomal
      accumulation of 45Ca was optimal after 30 min of absorption from in situ ligated
      duodenal loops. The areas under the curves, defined as lysosomal fractions in
      Percoll gradients, were calculated, and values after 10, 20, 30, and 40 min of
      transport were (+D/-D ratio) 0.90, 1.62, 1.88, and 1.78, respectively. Lysosomal
      CaBP also increased in parallel with the time of absorption and was not due to
      nonspecific adsorption. When lysosomal 45Ca was determined 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 43
      h after administration of 1.3 nmol 1,25-(OH)2D3 or vehicle, the area ratios were
      1.02, 1.47, 3.10, 1.88, and 1.29, respectively. Analyses of serum 45Ca in the
      same birds yielded a closely parallel time course with 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent
      intestinal calcium absorption; values were 108 +/- 12% (+/- SE), 164 +/- 29%, 300
      +/- 35%, 340 +/- 39%, and 169 +/- 8% of vitamin D-deficient control values at
      2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 43 h, respectively. Immunoreactive CaBP in lysosomal
      fractions did not change significantly between 5-43 h after administration of
      seco-steroid. A similar series of experiments was conducted with microsomal
      membranes containing putative endocytic vesicles, which are believed to deliver
      calcium to the lysosomes. The brush border origin of the vesicles was supported
      by the internalization of anti-CaBP immunoglobulin G after 3 min of absorption.
      Accumulation of 45Ca by endocytic vesicles was subsequently found to be maximal
      after 20 min of absorption (+D/-D = 1.48), declining again at 30 min (+D/-D =
      1.16), while CaBP levels in the same fractions remained unchanged between 0-30
      min of absorption. These data together with the lower 45Ca specific activity in
      pinocytic vesicles relative to lysosomes suggest that lysosomes fuse with several
      endocytic vesicles in the interval of 20-30 min of absorption. Time-course
      studies with endocytic vesicles indicated that 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated uptake
      more rapidly than transport; 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 43 h after seco-steroid
      administration, +D/-D ratios were 1.32, 1.87, 2.05, 1.72, and 1.36, respectively.
      CaBP levels in the same vesicle fractions did not correlate well with relative
      45Ca content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3371270
TI  - Elevated plasma IGF 1 levels in stags prevented from growing antlers.
AB  - We have previously shown that plasma IGF 1 concentration is positively correlated
      with the rate of antler growth and have proposed that IGF 1 is stimulatory for
      antler growth in the red deer stag. Therefore to partly resolve the question of
      whether the IGF 1 was of circulating or local origin in relation to its effect on
      antler growth, we surgically prevented stags from growing antlers. We recorded
      significantly elevated plasma levels of IGF 1 in the non-antlered stags compared
      with normal antlered stags during the antler growth periods. This result is
      consistent with a hypothesis that the antler is a target organ for IGF 1 and that
      prevention of antler growth removed a population of IGF 1 receptors. IGF 1 is
      already known to stimulate body growth but this work points strongly to the
      possibility that plasma IGF 1 may stimulate individual organ growth in an
      endocrine manner.

PMID- 3371271
TI  - A laser-T-jump study of the adsorption of dipolar molecules to planar lipid
      membranes. II. Phloretin and phloretin analogues.
AB  - Phloretin and structurally related neutral molecules adsorb to the interface of
      lipid membranes and modify the electric dipole potential of the membrane/water
      interface. The adsorption process has been studied using a laser-T-jump
      relaxation technique in combination with an analysis of nonactin mediated
      potassium transport (see part I, Awiszus and Stark 1988). Deviations from the
      Langmuir isotherm were observed for most of the substances. The discrepancies
      were most pronounced at large surface densities, whereas good agreement was found
      at low concentrations in many cases. The partition coefficient in the limit of
      low concentrations was compared with that of octanol/water bulk phases. No
      correlation was found. The individual values of the two partition coefficients
      differed by more than three orders of magnitude. The contribution, b, of a single
      adsorbed molecule to the dipole potential could not be predicted from the dipole
      moment, microL, of the molecule measured in the bulk phase. Different values of b
      were found at identical values of microL. The study shows the limitations of the
      use of bulk phase data to predict molecular properties in lipid membranes.

PMID- 3371272
TI  - Analysis of cell locomotion. Contact guidance of human polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes.
AB  - The methods of statistical physics have been applied to the analysis of cell
      movement. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were exposed to different surfaces
      possessing parallel oriented physical structures (scratched glass surface,
      machine drilled aluminum surface, optical grid and stretched polyethylene foil)
      and cell migration was observed using time-lapse photography. We demonstrate that
      in cell migration along physical structures, referred to as contact guidance, two
      subgroups can be distinguished: 1) The nematic type where the cell size is large
      in relation to the grid distance of the undulate surface. 2) The smectic type
      where the cell size is small in relation to the grid distance of the substrate.
      Nematic contact guidance is characterized by an anisotropic random walk. In all
      substrates investigated the diffusion process parallel to the lines was faster
      than the diffusion process perpendicular to them. The angular dependent diffusion
      coefficient was described by an ellipse. Deviation from a circle defined an
      apolar order parameter, whose value was about 0.3. The amount of information
      which the cells collected from, the undulate surface was very low, between 0.1
      and 0.2 bits. We demonstrate that cells do not recognize all the details of their
      surroundings and that their migration can be compared to the "groping around" of
      a short sighted man. The blurred environment can be described by a mean field
      whose strength is proportional to the apolar order parameter. It is argued that
      the anisotropic surface tension is the basic source for nematic contact guidance.
      Smectic contact guidance is characterized by an anisotropic random walk and is
      quantified by a density order parameter which is 0.28 in the case of the
      scratched glass surface of a Neubauer counting chamber. The information which the
      cells collect from their environment is very low (0.03 bits). The lines seen by
      the cell can be described by a mean field whose strength is proportional to the
      density oder parameter. Finally, we demonstrate that the locomotion of
      granulocytes is governed by an internal clock and internal programs. After
      migrating for a certain time (32 s) in a particular direction, a new direction of
      locomotion is determined by an internal program. The cell decides basically
      between left or right, thereby preferring a turn angle such that the cell
      migrates either parallel or perpendicular to the lines. The angles are nearly
      equally probable but the cell moves, in the case of nematic guidance, with
      different velocities in the + or - direction. The cell also has directional
      memories with characteristic times of 32 s and greater than 100 s.

PMID- 3371273
TI  - Decrease in light diffraction intensity of contracting muscle fibres.
AB  - Single fibres from the semitendinosus muscle of frog were illuminated normally
      with a He-Ne laser. The intensity transient and fine structure pattern of light
      diffracted from the fibre undergoing isometric twitches were measured. During
      fibre shortening, the intensity decreased rapidly and the fine structure pattern
      preserved its shape and moved swiftly away from the undiffracted laser beam. The
      fine structure patterns of the contracting and resting fibre were nearly
      identical. The ratio of intensities of the contracting and resting fibre of the
      same sarcomere length was determined as a function of the time elapsed after
      fibre stimulation. The time-resolved intensity ratio increased with sarcomere
      length and became unity when sarcomere length was between 3.5 micron and 3.7
      micron. A diffraction theory based on the sarcomere unit was developed. It
      contained a parameter describing the strength of filament interaction. The
      comparison between the theory and data shows that the initial intensity drop
      during contraction is primarily due to filament interactions. At a later stage of
      contraction, sarcomere disorder becomes the major component causing the intensity
      to decrease. Diffraction models which use the Debye-Waller formalism to explain
      the intensity decrease are discussed. The sarcomere-unit diffraction model is
      applied to previously reported intensity measurements from active fibres.

PMID- 3371274
TI  - Red-edge-excitation fluorescence spectroscopy of indole and tryptophan.
AB  - Studies on the dependence of indole and tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra
      on excitation wavelength, lambda ex, show that the emission shifts to longer
      wavelengths for red-edge excitation in different solid and viscous solvents. In
      solid systems the spectral shifts for excitation in the range from 290 to 310 nm
      can reach tens of nm, and they are more significant than changes of lambda ex. In
      a viscous medium the magnitude of this effect is shown to be directly related to
      the dipole-reorientational relaxation of solvent molecules in the environment of
      the chromophore, which allows the relaxation times to be estimated. The method
      involves simple steady-state measurements of fluorescence spectra at the maximum
      and at the red edge of the absorption band. Since it is not necessary to obtain
      information on the fluorescence spectra of completely relaxed states, this method
      for the estimation of relaxation times may have advantages in studies of proteins
      compared with the conventional relaxation shift method, and may produce
      complementary information to that obtained by nanosecond time-resolved
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 3371275
TI  - Surfactant-associated 15- and 35-kDa proteins are concentrated in different
      organelles in rat lung tissue.
AB  - We have used isopycnic gradient ultracentrifugation to isolate a total lamellar
      body fraction (total-lb) from rat lung and then further subfractionated this
      using differential centrifugation to obtain two distinct subpopulations of
      organelles. When the total-lb was diluted to 0.25 M with sucrose and centrifuged
      at 8000 X for 30 min we obtained a fraction (lbA) that contained primarily intact
      classic-appearing lb. When the supernatant was then centrifuged at 80,000 X g for
      60 min we obtained a vesicular fraction (lbB). Whereas both fractions had an
      identical phospholipid composition, their enzyme profiles differed markedly. The
      lbA had a higher level of beta-glycerophosphatase, while lbB had more 5'
      nucleotidase. Moreover, lbB had a phospholipid:protein ratio of 9.2 while lbA had
      one of 6.3. An examination of the specific activity-time curves revealed that lbA
      had a curve that was broader and reached a peak earlier than lbB, but the
      downslopes of both curves were identical; they did not bear a classic precursor
      product relationship to one another. The two fractions differed very
      significantly in their protein profiles. Whereas lbA contained a large amount of
      a 15-kDa protein with very small amounts of 35-, 37-, 38-, 45-, and 60-kDa
      proteins, lbB contained predominantly a 35-kDa protein with smaller amounts of 15
      , 23-, 26-, 37-, 38-, 45-, and 60-kDa proteins. We suggest that lbB is surfactant
      taken back up into the alveolar type II cell, or a second release form of tissue
      surfactant, or a mixture of the two.

PMID- 3371276
TI  - Effects of inhalation of 0.25 ppm ozone on the terminal bronchioles of juvenile
      and adult rats.
AB  - Cells of the terminal bronchioles are particularly susceptible to the effects of
      inhalation of low levels of ozone (O3). One-day-old (juvenile) or 6-week-old
      (adult) rats were exposed to 0.25 ppm O3 for 12 h/day or to continuous room air
      for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis of perpendicular cross sections of terminal
      bronchioles demonstrated that exposure to O3 produced alterations in the surface
      characteristics of ciliated and nonciliated (Clara) cells in both groups of rats.
      There were significant losses (20-30%) of the surface area contributed by cilia
      and the luminal surface of Clara cells was decreased by 16-25%. O3 exposure also
      produced significant decreases in the number of brush cells per square millimeter
      of terminal bronchiolar basement membrane. The results of this study indicate
      that the normal structure of terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells is
      significantly altered by inhalation of 0.25 ppm O3. No statistically significant
      interactions between the effects of O3 and animal age at the beginning of the
      exposure were found.

PMID- 3371277
TI  - Pulmonary damage induced in mice by a monoclonal antibody to proteins associated
      with pig pulmonary surfactant.
AB  - Severe pulmonary damage was induced in mice inoculated with hybridomas (8B5E)
      secreting a monoclonal antibody to the 15,000-dalton protein associated with pig
      pulmonary surfactant. These mice exhibited severe respiratory distress starting 8
      9 days after inoculation and died. Microscopically, lungs were airless and
      congested with hyaline membrane formation in patent terminal airways. Purified
      antibody from this hybridoma also induced similar damage in mouse lungs. However,
      neither hybridomas (1B6A) nor purified antibody, which is specific to pig 35,000
      dalton protein but not to the mouse counterpart, induced these changes. Electron
      microscopically, many unexpanded lamellar bodies were seen floating in the edema
      fluid in these damaged lungs, and fragmentary lipid membranes were found in the
      electron dense material around these lamellar bodies, suggesting disintegration
      of these structures. Alveolar epithelial cells were desquamated, leaving the
      basement membranes bare, and mouse C3 was demonstrated in the damaged lungs. This
      low-molecular-weight protein of mouse surfactant cross-reacted with this antibody
      in the immunoblotting method, and the antigen was located in the inclusions of
      alveolar wall cells. These observations indicate that this low-molecular-weight
      protein of mouse surfactant has an antigenic structure similar to pig surfactant
      protein and that antigen-antibody complex formation may have triggered the damage
      of the lungs through inactivation of surfactant and induction of immunological
      tissue damage.

PMID- 3371278
TI  - Procoagulant and plasminogen activator activities of bronchoalveolar fluid in
      patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
AB  - Tissue fibrin deposition may be an important component of inflammatory reactions.
      Current evidence suggests that intraalveolar procoagulant (PC) and plasminogen
      activator (PA) activities may be important determinants of local fibrin turnover
      in lung injury. In this study, we measured the PC and PA activities in cell-free
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from 17 patients with pulmonary
      sarcoidosis and 12 normal volunteers. Procoagulant activity was assayed by timing
      clot formation in a one-stage coagulation assay, and plasminogen activator
      activity was determined by measuring plasminogen-dependent lysis of [125I]fibrin.
      Mean PC activity in the sarcoidosis group was significantly elevated (102 +/- 25
      versus 31.5 +/- 8.1 tissue thromboplastin units/ml; p less than 0.002), with 6 of
      17 patient values beyond the 95% confidence limits of normals. These differences
      were not seen when PC activity was corrected for total protein in BAL. In
      contrast, PA activity tended to be lower in the sarcoidosis group (0.54 +/- 0.094
      versus 0.643 +/- 0.106 Plough units/ml, p less than 0.3), and this difference
      became significant when PA was normalized to total protein (p less than 0.001).
      The ratio of procoagulant activity compared to plasminogen activator (PC/PA) was
      greater in the patients with sarcoidosis than normals (258 +/- 54 versus 40.3 +/-
      6.4; p less than 0.001). The PC/PA ratios in 14 of 17 patients exceeded the 95%
      confidence limits of normals. In the sarcoidosis group, the PC/PA ratio
      correlated weakly with the number and percentage of lymphocytes retrieved by BAL.
      The plasminogen activator was a urokinase by molecular weight (53 kDa) and by
      comparing neutralization of PA activity by antibodies against urokinase and
      tissue plasminogen activator. The procoagulant was particulate and functioned as
      a factor X activator comprised of tissue thromboplastin and factor VII. We
      conclude that in pulmonary sarcoidosis, abnormal expression of procoagulant and
      plasminogen activator activities in alveolar fluid may favor accumulation of
      fibrin matrix at inflammatory foci.

PMID- 3371279
TI  - Prognosis of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a follow-up
      study of 168 patients.
AB  - A spontaneous and complete recovery of benign childhood epilepsy with
      centrotemporal or rolandic spikes (BECT) is taken for granted. However, some
      authors have reported the occurrence of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a
      few adult patients and in some children who have seizures after a long period
      without problems. The aims of this study were (a) to search for early predictors
      of outcome and (b) to ascertain the long-term prognosis of BECT in a large group
      of patients. An attempt to relocate 268 patients born between 1941 and 1967 and
      consecutively seen as outpatients was undertaken. The outcome after age 20 is
      known for only 168. Being adults and cured, the others are no longer in touch
      with their clinics or have moved. Only one indicator of short-term prognosis was
      found: The earlier the onset of BECT, the longer the period with seizures. Of the
      168 patients, 165 are seizure-free with follow-up ranging from 7 to 30 years.
      Three patients experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures at age 18, 22-24,
      and 35. Two apparently had an isolated seizure. The occurrence of such seizures
      after recovery from BECT is a rare event (approximately 2% of cases) and a
      relapse with partial seizures is quite uncommon. These patients do not differ
      from patients remaining seizure-free.

PMID- 3371280
TI  - Prognosis of epilepsy in newly referred patients: a multicenter prospective
      study. Collaborative Group for the Study of Epilepsy.
AB  - A multicenter prospective study was initiated at the time of first antiepileptic
      treatment for afebrile seizures with 283 unselected patients in Italy. Each
      patient started with monotherapy at standard daily doses. Data were collected at
      admission, at scheduled 6-month exams, and at unscheduled exams and included age,
      sex, general profile of the disease, and treatment. Prognosis of epilepsy was
      evaluated by actuarial methods using first seizure relapse after onset of
      treatment to indicate unfavorable prognosis. In addition, a maximum interval of
      complete seizure control was calculated and related to length of follow-up in
      order to grade the severity of the disease (defined as mild, moderate, or
      severe). The average length of follow-up was 21.6 months (range 2-40). Seizure
      relapse occurred in 52% of cases during follow-up (36% by 3 months, 43% by 6
      months, and 49% by 12 months). A larger number of seizures before therapy and the
      presence of combined seizure patterns were the variables most commonly associated
      with relapse. In general, epilepsy was mild in 65% of the cases, moderate in 28%,
      and severe in 7%. The earlier the first relapse the higher the risk of developing
      more severe disease. A larger number of seizures before treatment, combined
      seizure types, earlier age at onset, and prolonged disease duration (1 month to 1
      year) seemed to be more frequently associated with the development of moderate-to
      severe epilepsy.

PMID- 3371281
TI  - A survey of mothers' impressions of seizure precipitants in children with
      epilepsy.
AB  - In a survey of 446 children with epilepsy attending a regional EEG unit, mothers
      of nearly 90% of the children reported factors that appeared to act as
      precipitants of their children's seizures. The relationship between these factors
      and the seizures ranged from consistent triggers to an occasional association.
      There were no differences in incidence according to sex, site of focus, or type
      of epilepsy. Associations between environmental events or internal states are so
      commonly perceived by mothers that routine inquiry would appear warranted. If the
      event can be corroborated as a seizure precipitant, application of psychological
      methods of seizure control may be appropriate; if the event cannot be
      corroborated, needless anxiety about particular situations for a child may be
      avoided.

PMID- 3371282
TI  - Occult neonatal seizures.
AB  - Forty-one infants with neonatal seizures frequent enough to be captured by
      randomly recorded routine EEG examinations were studied to determine how often
      their electrographic seizures were occult (subclinical) and to examine the
      effects of seizure duration and mental status on their clinical visibility.
      Seizures were the result of diverse etiologies and most infants had received one
      or more antiepileptic drug prior to the EEG recordings. The majority of
      electrographic seizures were occult: only 84 of 393 (21%) were accompanied by
      distinctive clinical seizure activity; the remaining 79% were occult. There was
      no significant difference between the duration of EEG seizures with distinctive
      clinical signs and those without. There was no significant difference in the
      proportion of occult seizures in neonates with preserved consciousness compared
      with lethargic or comatose infants. We conclude that unaided visual inspection of
      infants seriously underestimates true seizure frequency. Long-term EEG monitoring
      may be necessary in many infants to determine their real seizure frequency and to
      judge the adequacy of antiepileptic drug treatment.

PMID- 3371284
TI  - Complex partial seizures associated with a temporomandibular joint defect.
AB  - A case of a 32-year-old man is reported with complex partial seizures secondary
      to a right inferior temporal epileptic focus immediately overlying an abnormality
      of the temporomandibular joint, with a defect in the middle temporal fossa that
      allowed the mandibular condyle to contuse the temporal lobe.

PMID- 3371283
TI  - Primary reading epilepsy: investigation of critical seizure-provoking stimuli.
AB  - Precipitating stimuli were investigated in a 24-year-old woman with primary
      reading epilepsy. Reading material was presented on a microcomputer video display
      monitor under controlled conditions while the patient underwent EEG
      radiotelemetry/video monitoring. We examined the relative contribution of the
      following variables utilizing a factorial design: eye movements, reading aloud
      versus reading silently, linguistic complexity, and concentrations. None of these
      factors acted solely as the critical stimulus in provoking seizures. Seizures
      were most readily elicited when the patient read aloud, using material of medium
      or high linguistic complexity with the usual scanning eye movements for reading.

PMID- 3371285
TI  - Carbamazepine: effect on IgG subclasses in epileptic patients.
AB  - IgG subclass concentrations were determined in sera from 20 epileptic patients
      before carbamazepine therapy and after 6 weeks of treatment. Subclass-specific
      monoclonal antibodies were used in an ELISA technique. Carbamazepine reduced the
      IgG2 concentration in 13 patients, and the mean value fell from 3.21 to 2.47 g/L
      during the carbamazepine treatment (p less than 0.01). This IgG2 decrease was
      maintained after 4 and 12 months of carbamazepine therapy. IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4
      concentrations did not change. IgG2 deficiency was not seen. The reduction in
      IgG2 was not related to the carbamazepine serum concentration within the
      therapeutic range, to the type of epilepsy, or to the age of the patient. The
      carbamazepine-induced reduction of IgG2 in serum may indicate an altered immune
      response to certain antigens, preferentially to carbohydrates.

PMID- 3371286
TI  - Field-potential assay of antiepileptic drugs in the hippocampal slice.
AB  - The effects of nine clinically active antiepileptic drugs and the NMDA antagonist
      2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (2-APH) were examined in three models in the in
      vitro hippocampal slice. In the "low Mg2+" model, removal of Mg2+ from the
      perfusion fluid increased excitatory neurotransmission and led to epileptogenic
      field potentials. In the "low Ca2+" model, decrease of Ca2+ and increase of Mg2+
      and K+ in the perfusion fluid induced spontaneous "bursts" in the absence of
      synaptic transmission. Paired-pulse stimulation was used to estimate the strength
      of recurrent inhibition in the "inhibition" model. The rank order of the potency
      of the compounds to antagonize the second epileptogenic population spike in the
      low Mg2+ model was 2-APH greater than pentobarbital greater than midazolam
      greater than phenytoin greater than carbamazepine greater than chlordiazepoxide
      greater than phenobarbital = flurazepam. Ethosuximide and valproate were
      inactive. In the low Ca2+ model, the rank order of the potency of the drugs to
      antagonize spontaneous epileptogenic bursts was phenytoin greater than
      carbamazepine greater than midazolam greater than pentobarbital greater than
      chlordiazepoxide greater than flurazepam greater than phenobarbital. 2-APH,
      ethosuximide, and valproate were inactive. Only pentobarbital was active in the
      inhibition model. These experiments demonstrate the potential of in vitro tests
      in the hippocampus to reveal profiles of anticonvulsant activity.

PMID- 3371288
TI  - Unusually high intake and fecal output of cadmium, and fecal output of other
      trace elements in New Zealand adults consuming dredge oysters.
AB  - The concentration of cadmium in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria
      (commonly known as a Bluff oyster) is sufficiently high so that the ingestion of
      just one oyster can more than double a normal daily dietary intake of cadmium for
      a New Zealand adult. A survey of 75 adults (18-76 years old) associated with the
      oyster fishing industry in Bluff, Southland, New Zealand, was carried out before
      and at the end of the oyster season. Preseason intakes (from dietary history
      questionnaires and from 3-day fecal collections) of cadmium, selenium, zinc,
      copper, and manganese were normal for a New Zealand adult not consuming Bluff
      oysters. The subjects were classified according to their reported average oyster
      consumption during the 6 months of the oyster fishing season; the subjects who
      consumed more oysters were more likely to smoke cigarettes. The end-season fecal
      output of cadmium confirmed the reported average oyster intakes: Category I (0-5
      oysters/week): 15 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD) micrograms Cd/day; Category II (6-23
      oysters/week): 84 +/- 134 micrograms Cd/day; Category III (24-71 oysters/week):
      129 +/- 144 micrograms Cd/day; Category IV (72+ oysters/week): 233 +/- 185
      micrograms Cd/day. The fecal output of selenium as well was increased by the
      consumption of many oysters but the fecal outputs of zinc, copper, and manganese
      were not. Using fecal cadmium excretion to predict dietary cadmium intake, 8-15%
      of the subjects in this study were identified as having an intake of cadmium
      which has been associated with an increased prevalence of tubular proteinuria.
      The highest individual daily fecal excretion of cadmium at the end of the season
      was 580 micrograms Cd/day, i.e., a daily excretion equivalent to more than 10
      times above the weekly intake provisionally considered tolerable (400-500
      micrograms Cd/week; WHO, 1972). Continued investigations on this population group
      will determine whether there are any health consequences of these extremely high
      cadmium intakes.

PMID- 3371287
TI  - Triazolines XV. Anticonvulsant profile of ADD 17014, a potentially unique 1,2,3
      triazoline antiepileptic drug, in mice and rats.
AB  - ADD 17014[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl) delta 2-1,2,3-triazoline], is a
      representative member of a hitherto unknown, structurally novel family of
      anticonvulsant agents. The anticonvulsant profile of ADD 17014 following
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration in mice and rats was evaluated
      using a battery of well-standardized anticonvulsant tests and compared with
      phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), ethosuximide (ESM), and valproate (VPA). The
      results indicate that ADD 17014 is effective in nontoxic i.p. doses in mice by
      the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), Metrazol (subcutaneous, s.c. Met),
      bicuculline (s.c. Bic) and picrotoxin (s.c. Pic) tests, but ineffective against
      strychnine-induced seizures; it is also effective after nontoxic oral doses in
      both mice and rats by the MES and s.c. Met tests. Protective indices (PI =
      TD50/ED50), calculated from i.p. data in mice, were highest for ADD 17014 by the
      s.c. Met (26.02) and s.c. Bic (93.93) tests; the PIs, after oral administration
      in mice and rats, were equal to or higher than those of the prototype agents. In
      vitro receptor binding studies of ADD 17014 and potential metabolites indicated
      no significant inhibitory activity except for the beta-amino alcohol, which
      displaced almost 93% of [3H]glutamate from the glutamate receptors, suggesting
      that ADD 17014 may be functioning as a prodrug and an excitatory amino acid
      antagonist. The overall results indicate that ADD 17014 is a relatively nontoxic
      agent that more closely resembles PB and VPA, with a broad and unique spectrum of
      anticonvulsant activity.

PMID- 3371289
TI  - Use of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in
      screening for trace metal exposures in an industrial population.
AB  - A heterogeneous group of asymptomatic industrial workers potentially exposed to
      various toxic metals was screened for trace metal exposure. Each was examined and
      then completed an occupational health history questionnaire and had hair and
      blood samples analyzed for 10 metals via the inductively coupled plasma-atomic
      emission spectroscopy technique. No industrial hygiene survey was performed. The
      concentrations of trace elements found in our cohort were comparable to
      previously published levels for nonoccupationally exposed groups. This finding is
      not unexpected in light of the nature of the population studied and the screening
      technique. The levels in blood and hair were not well correlated, and subsets of
      the population with high metal burdens could not be identified on the basis of
      self-reported occupational exposure histories.

PMID- 3371290
TI  - Toxicity of isopropyl alcohol exposure on the nasal mucociliary system in the
      guinea pig.
AB  - The toxicity of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on the nasal mucosa in the guinea pig was
      experimentally studied, with special reference to the recovery process of the
      organ. The results showed that 400 ppm of IPA has an acute effect on the nasal
      mucosa and the recovery from such degeneration can occur in 2 weeks. When
      functional and morphological damages were induced by a higher level (5500 ppm) of
      IPA, it took over 2 weeks for complete recovery from such damage. The conclusion
      is that the present allowable level of IPA is reasonable from a viewpoint of the
      effect of short-term exposure to IPA on the nasal mucosa. In addition, a higher
      level of IPA exposure has a longer-term effect on the nasal mucociliary system in
      the guinea pig, and workers exposed to such a higher level of IPA should be given
      careful otolaryngological observation.

PMID- 3371291
TI  - Biochemical effects of DDT and DDE in rat and mouse liver.
AB  - The effects of two hepatocarcinogens, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di-4
      (chlorophenyl)ethane and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDT and
      DDE), on hepatic biochemical parameters were examined in adult female rats and
      mice. Two oral administrations of DDT (66 mg/kg) at 21 and 4 hr before sacrifice
      increased rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content by 28%. After two oral
      treatments with 175 and 525 mg/kg of DDE, rat hepatic ornithine decarboxylase
      (ODC) activity was increased 6.5- and 22-fold while cytochrome P-450 content was
      elevated by 58 and 123%, respectively. As DDT did not acutely increase rat ODC
      activity, a chronic exposure to DDT was also performed. Thirty days after a
      single oral treatment with 90 mg/kg DDT, rat hepatic ODC activity was not
      elevated above control values. Neither DDT nor DDE caused any significant
      biochemical changes in mouse liver. Thus rat hepatic ODC, a biochemical marker
      for tumor-promoters, responded to DDE, the stronger of the two hepatocarcinogens,
      but not to DDT. Neither DDT nor DDE caused hepatic DNA damage in either rat or
      mouse liver.

PMID- 3371292
TI  - The effect of inhaled sulfur dioxide and systemic sulfite on the induction of
      lung carcinoma in rats by benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - In a previous study at this Institute, inhaled sulfur dioxide (SO2) was shown to
      enhance the induction by inhaled benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) of squamous cell carcinoma
      (SQCA) of the respiratory tract of rats (S. Laskin, M. Kuschner, A. Sellakumar,
      and G. V. Katz, 1976, In "Air Pollution and the Lung," pp. 190-213). We attempted
      to confirm and extend this finding by using an experimental protocol intended to
      illuminate the role of SO2. Rats were treated with BaP by 15 consecutive weekly
      intratracheal instillations. Some of these rats were simultaneously exposed
      either to SO2 by inhalation or to sulfite/bisulfite anions that accumulated
      systemically from endogenous generation in rats with induced sulfite oxidase
      deficiency. The total treatment period spanned 21 weeks, after which the rats
      were observed for the development of tumors. BaP-treated rats began to die with
      SQCA of the respiratory tract at approximately 200 days after the first BaP
      treatment and at 2 years after the first treatment nearly all rats in the BaP
      treated groups had died, most with SQCA. Survival in the control groups was
      excellent and the health of all groups (aside from pulmonary SQCA in BaP-treated
      groups) was also excellent. The probability of dying with a pulmonary SQCA in the
      experimental groups treated with BaP, BaP plus inhaled SO2, and BaP plus systemic
      sulfite/bisulfite was calculated by the logrank analysis. The data sets of SQCA
      probability from these groups were not statistically different (i.e., P greater
      than 0.05) by the chi 2 test indicating that, in this experiment, neither
      inhalation exposure to SO2 nor systemic exposure to sulfite/bisulfite anions
      affected the induction of SQCA of the lung by intratracheally instilled BaP. We
      conclude that the results of this study do not support an etiological role for
      either SO2 or sulfite/bisulfite anions in the induction of SQCA of the
      respiratory tract by BaP.

PMID- 3371293
TI  - Lethality and hepatotoxicity of complex waste mixtures.
AB  - Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to samples of complex mixtures and
      evaluated 24 hr later. Seven of the 10 samples caused death at doses ranging from
      1 to 5 ml/kg body wt. Eight of the 10 samples were hepatotoxic based on
      histopathologic evaluation; 6 were centrilobular and 2 were periportal
      hepatotoxicants. The waste samples exerted toxicity through different mechanisms,
      as indicated by differences in the severity and lobular location of the tissue
      damage. Nine of the 10 samples caused an increase in the ratio of liver weight to
      body weight (relative liver weight). With histopathological evaluation as the
      criterion, relative liver weight was the single best indicator of hepatotoxicity.
      Exposure to several of the waste samples increased serum total bilirubin and
      serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase,
      lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase.
      As a battery, but not individually, the serum indicators separated the 8
      hepatotoxic samples from the 2 nonhepatotoxic samples. In general, the
      hepatotoxicity of the waste samples did not appear to be readily predicted from
      (partial) chemical characterization data. An approach that includes both chemical
      characterization and biological testing should provide valuable information
      regarding the hazardous nature of complex wastes.

PMID- 3371294
TI  - Iron stores in pregnant Nigerians and their infants at term.
AB  - Serum ferritin and blood haemoglobin were evaluated as indices of iron status in
      65 pregnant Nigerians and in the cord blood of their full-term infants. All the
      mothers had taken iron and folate supplementation throughout pregnancy. The mean
      gravidity was 3.3 +/- 2.0. The mean cord ferritin concentration of 135.9
      micrograms/l (77.6-238.2 micrograms/l) was 3.6 times the maternal level of 38.1
      micrograms/l (17.3-83.8 micrograms/l). Parity had no effect on the haemoglobin or
      serum ferritin concentrations of the mothers or those of their babies. Maternal
      haemoglobin or serum ferritin concentrations correlated significantly (P less
      than 0.01) with cord levels, in babies with mothers of parity greater than or
      equal to 5. Infants of mothers with low iron stores (less than 20 micrograms/l)
      had significantly lower serum ferritin concentrations than infants of iron
      replete mothers, which suggests variation in amounts of iron received during
      intrauterine growth. In order to ensure adequate iron stores in newborn infants,
      continual use of supplementary oral iron should be encouraged in pregnant
      Nigerians.

PMID- 3371296
TI  - Is plasma albumin concentration useful in the assessment of nutritional status of
      hospital patients?
AB  - Anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness and
      mid-arm circumference measurements) and plasma albumin concentrations were
      obtained from 546 (308 medical, 238 surgical) general hospital patients. In a
      subgroup (n = 50) receiving nutritional support, the relationship between
      nitrogen balance and change in plasma albumin concentration was followed over a
      minimum period of 2 weeks. Results showed that there was no association between
      albumin concentration and body weight expressed as percentage of ideal, nor was
      there an association between albumin concentrations and triceps skinfold
      thicknesses. However, low albumin concentrations were associated with low mid-arm
      muscle circumferences and triceps skinfold thicknesses were positively associated
      with body weight measurements. Patients admitted with low albumin concentrations
      had the highest mortality rates. In the patients receiving nutritional support,
      there was no association between improvement in nitrogen balance and increase in
      albumin concentrations. Furthermore, reductions in albumin concentrations were
      associated with higher mortality rates. It is concluded that plasma albumin
      concentrations provide little useful nutritional information in sick patients.
      They provide a better index of degree of sickness and risk of mortality.

PMID- 3371295
TI  - Phrynoderma: is it an EFA deficiency disease?
AB  - The clinical response to various therapeutic agents was evaluated in 31 patients
      with phrynoderma. A complete clinical response with vitamin B-complex was noted
      in an average period of 5.7 weeks. In patients treated with vitamin E, partial or
      total improvement was seen in an average period of 12.3 and 10.7 weeks
      respectively. Patients treated with safflower oil showed a partial improvement in
      an average period of 13.2 weeks. The essential fatty acid (EFA) nutriture of 30
      patients was compared with 7 controls. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition
      was used as an indicator of EFA nutriture. The patients with phrynoderma fell
      into two groups. In the 23 children in one group (pattern A), the mean levels of
      linoleic (18:2 omega 6), arachidonic (20:4 omega 6) and eicosatrienoic (20:3
      omega 9) acids were similar to the levels in the controls. The ratio of
      eicosatrienoic to arachidonic acids (20:3 omega 9/20:4 omega 6), which is
      considered an accurate measure of EFA nutritional status, was 0.12 and in the
      normal range, suggesting that the EFA nutriture is normal in phrynoderma. The
      ratio of linoleic to arachidonic acids (18:2 omega 6/20:4 omega 6) was also found
      to be normal, suggesting that the metabolism of linoleic to arachidonic acid is
      not affected in phrynoderma. In seven children in a second group (pattern B), the
      fatty acid profile was different from patients with pattern A. In these two
      groups no obvious differences were noted in clinical features and severity. In
      patients treated with safflower oil, the mean levels of vitamin E were elevated.
      On all the three treatment schedules, the levels of other fatty acids were not
      altered. The biochemical and clinical evidence obtained indicate that phrynoderma
      may not be directly associated with EFA deficiency but that vitamin B-complex may
      have an important role. The plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile seems to
      reflect neither the clinical situation nor the response to therapy.

PMID- 3371297
TI  - Need for re-evaluation of serum albumin in an African population.
AB  - Serum albumin and total proteins of healthy Nigerian adolescents aged 12-17 years
      were estimated. The average serum albumin value was significantly higher than
      previously reported twenty years ago. This increase has shown that the serum
      albumin concentration of Africans can be as high as that of Europeans. The
      results are discussed in the light of the improved standard of living and better
      dietary habits and indicate the necessity for re-evaluating serum albumin values
      in populations where the standard of living has improved over the years, since
      this parameter is of great diagnostic value in medical practice.

PMID- 3371299
TI  - Comparative studies on Asian and Caucasian children. 1: Growth.
AB  - The growth of children whose parents originated from the Indian sub-continent
      (Asians) was compared with that of indigenous, white children in Rochdale
      (Caucasians) in a longitudinal study during the first 2 years of life. Reference
      was made to growth standards currently used in the UK and a small cross-sectional
      growth study was also carried out on related infants living in Pakistan. With the
      exception of birthweight, analysis of variance revealed few significant
      differences in individual growth parameters between the two populations living in
      the UK.

PMID- 3371298
TI  - Habitual alcohol consumption and nutritional status of the elderly.
AB  - The interrelationship between habitual alcohol consumption, dietary intakes and
      vitamin status was examined in 393 elderly subjects (188 men, 205 women, age
      range 65-90 years) resident in seven retirement homes throughout Italy.
      Individual food intake was assessed by the 7-day precise weighing method. Fasting
      blood was tested for riboflavin (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity
      coefficient), thiamine (erythrocyte transketolase activity), retinol
      (fluorimetry) and folic acid status. Alcohol contributed on average 12 per cent
      of total energy intake in men, and 6 per cent in women. Forty-eight per cent of
      males and 39 per cent of females were classified as heavy drinkers (HD) with 48
      and 28 g/d average alcohol intakes respectively. There was a general tendency for
      women to add alcohol to their habitual diet, as revealed by the positive
      correlation between total energy intake and alcohol intake. The higher energy
      intakes of HD women were also reflected in their higher body weights. Men tended
      to displace food energy partially by alcohol. Dietary risk of malnutrition, high
      for vitamin A, and moderate to low for vitamins B1 and B2, did not increase with
      alcohol consumption. Biochemical evidence of malnutrition indicated a significant
      deterioration of folate status in HD of both sexes, and for B1 in HD males only;
      there was no change in riboflavin status. Plasma levels of retinol were higher,
      and prevalence of vitamin A deficiency lower, in HD, a finding that warrants
      further investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371300
TI  - Comparative studies on Asian and Caucasian children. 2: Nutrition, feeding
      practices and health.
AB  - The growth of children whose parents originated from the Indian subcontinent
      (Asians) and of indigenous, white children in Rochdale (Caucasians) has been
      related to dietary intake which was estimated by 3-day weighed intakes during a
      longitudinal study at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months of age. The use of human milk vis
      a-vis infant milk formulas, the age of introduction of solid food and the effect
      of other environmental factors were also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis
      revealed the effects of diet per se on growth to be fairly minimal; a maximum of
      28 per cent of the variation in growth could be explained by diet and the few
      individual nutrients significantly correlated with a growth index were not
      consistent.

PMID- 3371301
TI  - Clinical trial of a concentrated amino acid formula for older patients with
      phenylketonuria (Maxamum XP).
AB  - Ten children with phenylketonuria aged between 9 and 11 years were studied for a
      period of 1 year. Their usual phenylalanine free amino acid supplement was
      replaced by Maxamum XP (Scientific Hospital Supplies). There was no evidence of
      any change in the clinical status of these children and all claimed to prefer
      Maxamum XP to previous amino acid mixtures. Growth was normal and various
      biochemical parameters of nutritional status remained unaltered.

PMID- 3371302
TI  - Food supplementation in pregnant women.

PMID- 3371303
TI  - Animal behavior models in health psychology research.

PMID- 3371304
TI  - Studies of psychosocial influences on coronary artery atherogenesis in cynomolgus
      monkeys.
AB  - The cynomolgus macaque provides a suitable primate model for studying how
      psychosocial factors contribute to coronary artery atherogenesis. Important
      interactions with diet, sex, and behaviorally elicited cardiovascular reactivity
      are described.

PMID- 3371305
TI  - Maternal effects on the development of spontaneous hypertension.
AB  - Cross-fostering spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) pups to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)
      normotensive mothers influenced physical development, resting mean arterial
      pressure and heart rate, open-field behavior, and sympathetic-adrenal medullary
      responses to stressors. In contrast, cross-fostering WKY pups to SHR mothers at
      birth did not affect these developmental processes.

PMID- 3371306
TI  - The borderline hypertensive rat: a model for studying the mechanisms of
      environmentally induced hypertension.
AB  - The borderline hypertensive rat (BHR) is a first-generation cross between the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. The BHR
      develops frank hypertension when chronically stressed or when fed a high-sodium
      diet. Stress-induced hypertension can be blocked by exercise. The role of the
      central nervous system and kidney in hypertension development in this model is
      discussed.

PMID- 3371307
TI  - Environmental-genetic interactions in experimental hypertension: the Dahl rat
      model.
AB  - Dahl selected lines of salt-sensitive rats respond to hypertensinogenic stimuli
      such as sodium or behavioral stressors with marked elevations in blood pressure.
      In contrast, Dahl salt-resistant rats do not. The two lines appear to differ in
      terms of heart-rate reactivity and central nervous system organization.

PMID- 3371308
TI  - The relationship among genital herpes simplex virus, stress, and social support.
AB  - Despite widespread popular belief in the activation of recurrent lesions in
      genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) by psychosocial stress, little empirical
      evidence supports that contention. This study retrospectively examined the role
      of stress in activation of HSV lesions as mediated by social support.
      Participants were 59 volunteers who had self-reported culture-positive genital
      HSV for at least 10 months. Measures of stress proneness (State-Trait Anxiety
      Inventory; STAI-Trait), recent stressful events (Schedule of Recent Events; SRE),
      and subjective appraisal of stress (global self-rating) were administered along
      with measures of general social support and herpes-specific social support. When
      retrospective reports of HSV symptoms were examined using a multiple-regression
      approach, duration of disease and amount of herpes-specific social support were
      found to be significant moderators of the relation between stress and number of
      HSV recurrences in the preceding 12 months. When duration of disease was short
      (less than 4 years), stress (SRE) and number of recurrences were positively
      associated; when disease duration was longer, there was no relationship.
      Similarly, at low levels of herpes-specific social support, a positive relation
      between stress (SRE) and number of recurrences was found. However, at higher
      levels of herpes-specific social support, no association was found. No relation
      was found between stress proneness (STAI-Trait) and HSV symptoms. However,
      subjective appraisal (global rating) of stress in the preceding 12 months was
      positively and significantly correlated with reported number of recurrences.
      Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

PMID- 3371309
TI  - Quality of life post-myocardial infarction: effects of a transtelephonic coronary
      intervention system.
AB  - The impact of an outpatient, risk-management system, including a transtelephonic
      electrocardiographic monitor and lidocaine injector, on the quality of life in
      post-myocardial infarction patients was examined. Patients (n = 238) were
      assigned randomly to either the system or to standard medical care (control).
      Quality of life was defined in terms of psychological status, return to work, and
      social functioning. Relative to control patients, system patients showed a
      significant decrease in concerns about physical functioning and symptoms, and,
      over time, reported less depressive affect. At 9-month follow-up, control
      patients were more than twice as likely to be in the range of clinical
      depression. Patients' perceptions of their ability to manage a recurrence of
      cardiac symptoms appeared to be related inversely to depressive affect. Moreover,
      a larger percentage of system patients (92%) had returned to work by the 9-month
      follow-up, compared with control patients (76%). There were, however, no
      significant differences between groups in the degree of impairment in social
      interaction. Overall, these results indicate that the use of a "system"
      encouraging patient participation in treatment can significantly improve qualify
      of life after a myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3371310
TI  - Appraising the threat of illness: a mental representational approach.
AB  - This article (a) describes a mental model underlying initial evaluations of
      illness signs and (b) reports an experiment demonstrating the model's utility by
      showing how the model represents evidence of defensiveness among people who test
      positively for a sign of illness. The model consists of a set of cognitive
      elements that people consider to evaluate the threat represented by a sign of
      possible illness. Seventy-two undergraduates were led to believe that they tested
      positively or negatively on a saliva test for a fictitious risk factor for a
      disease. In addition, half the participants were told about the existence of a
      simple preventive treatment for the disease, whereas the others were not.
      Subsequently the participants answered questions about elements of the threat
      appraisal model. Analysis of their responses reveals evidence of defensiveness on
      several elements of the model. Those testing positively for the risk factor,
      especially those uninformed about its treatment, minimized threat by (a)
      increasing their estimates of the false-positive rate of the test, (b) decreasing
      their estimates of the seriousness of the risk factor, and (c) decreasing their
      estimates of the extent to which the disease itself is life-threatening.
      Applications of the model to actual illness threats and the relation between
      threat-related judgments and health-related behavior are discussed.

PMID- 3371311
TI  - Effects of age, sex, and post mortem interval on intestinal lengths of horses
      during development.
AB  - Lengths of small intestine, caecum, ascending colon and descending colon were
      measured in intestinal tracts from 103 foetuses, foals and adult horses.
      Intestinal tracts from 21 of the horses were measured at varying intervals after
      death. Total intestinal length increased markedly from mid-gestation to one year
      of age, then showed little increment up to 35 years. Small intestinal length
      increased most rapidly in the first month of life. Caecal length increased most
      rapidly from one to six months and length of ascending colon increased most
      rapidly between one week and one year. Descending colon length increased
      gradually after birth. Periods of rapid increase in length of various intestinal
      segments and alterations in the percentage of total intestinal length were
      associated with periods of rapid body growth and changes in dietary composition.
      Sex and post mortem interval did not affect intestinal length significantly.

PMID- 3371312
TI  - The effects of high intensity exercise on the plasma concentration of lactate,
      potassium and other electrolytes.
AB  - To study the effect of short term high intensity exercise on plasma lactate,
      potassium, sodium and chloride concentrations, five Thoroughbred horses were
      galloped on a treadmill at a 5 degree incline. Following a standardised warm-up
      period, they were galloped at 8, 10, or 12 metres/sec for 2 mins. One horse also
      galloped at 14 metres/sec for 1.5 mins. Sequential arterial and/or venous blood
      samples were collected during exercise and recovery. At 12 metres/sec, the effect
      of different recovery modes, ie, standing, walking or trotting, on the
      electrolytes was also examined. There was a progressive rise in plasma potassium
      concentration during galloping, with peak values occurring at the end of the
      exercise bout. In some cases, values above 10 mmol/litre were recorded at the
      highest workloads. Plasma lactate concentrations peaked during early recovery,
      with values up to 32 mmol/litre. A high correlation existed between peak
      potassium and lactate concentrations (venous r = 0.923, and arterial r = 0.989).
      Following exercise there was a rapid return to baseline plasma potassium
      concentrations, but by 12 mins recovery there was still an elevated lactate
      concentration, the extent depending on the intensity of the exercise bout and the
      recovery mode. There was a small rise in plasma sodium but no significant change
      in plasma chloride concentrations during exercise. However, when adjusted for the
      decrease in plasma volume, as determined from total plasma protein concentration,
      there was a decrease in circulating amounts of both electrolytes.

PMID- 3371313
TI  - Iron toxicity in neonatal foals.
AB  - Newborn Shetland foals died of acute hepatic failure following oral
      administration of approximately 16 mg/kg body weight ferrous fumarate. Lesions in
      these foals were indistinguishable from lesions in foals given an oral digestive
      inoculant containing ferrous fumarate and were also similar to the syndrome
      characterised as 'toxic hepatopathy' in foals in the United States in 1983. We
      conclude that foals are susceptible to toxicity from low doses of iron compounds
      in the first few days of life. Vitamin E and selenium deficiency may contribute
      to this susceptibility.

PMID- 3371314
TI  - Bioavailability and disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in neonatal foals.

PMID- 3371315
TI  - A 64XX/65XXX mosaic mare (Equus caballus) and associated infertility.

PMID- 3371316
TI  - Surgical repair of an episcleral prolapse of orbital fat in a foal.

PMID- 3371317
TI  - Buphthalmos in a Thoroughbred foal.

PMID- 3371318
TI  - Retrobulbar hydatid cyst in the horse.

PMID- 3371319
TI  - Ruptured splenic haematoma in a mare.

PMID- 3371320
TI  - An unusual case of lymphoma in a mare.

PMID- 3371321
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum in a horse.

PMID- 3371322
TI  - Aberrant cilia as an aetiology for recurrent corneal ulcers: a case report.

PMID- 3371323
TI  - Benzimidazole resistance of equine strongyles.

PMID- 3371324
TI  - Sex chromosomes of horses; or what the X happening?

PMID- 3371326
TI  - A common sense change in 'doping' rules.

PMID- 3371325
TI  - So what's wrong with plasma levels?

PMID- 3371327
TI  - Chromosome anomalies and infertility in the mare.
AB  - Nine reproductively normal mares, 25 infertile mares and one set of heterosexual
      twins were examined cytogenetically using conventional giemsa staining, C-banding
      and G-banding. It was concluded that G-banding was necessary to identify even
      gross anomalies. Three (12 per cent) of the infertile mares, but none of the
      controls, had a chromosomal anomaly. One was 63,XO, one a 63,XO/64,XX mixoploid
      and one a 64,XY sex reversed male. It is argued that a cytogenetic examination is
      a useful diagnostic technique but that routine screening of the whole population
      would be uneconomic.

PMID- 3371328
TI  - Determination and repeatability of maximum oxygen uptake and other
      cardiorespiratory measurements in the exercising horse.
AB  - A rapid incremental treadmill exercise test was used to determine the
      repeatability of the following measurements in exercising horses: maximal oxygen
      consumption (VO2max), maximal heart rate (HRmax), velocity at a heart rate of 200
      beats/min (V-200), oxygen consumption at a heart rate of 200 beats/min (VO2-200),
      oxygen consumption at HRmax (VO2-HRmax), work rate at a heart rate of 200
      beats/min (W-200), work rate at HRmax (W-HRmax) and treadmill velocity at HRmax
      (V-HRmax). Six Standardbred geldings were exercised on three separate occasions
      on a treadmill set at an inclination of 6 degrees. The exercise protocol was that
      each horse was exercised for 2 mins at 3 m/sec, after which the treadmill speed
      was increased by 1 m/sec every 60 secs, until the horse could no longer maintain
      its speed. A minimum of 24 h was allowed between repeated tests. No significant
      differences were found between the three means of any of the eight
      cardiorespiratory variables with repeated measurement. Variables with high
      coefficients of variation (greater than 10 per cent) included V-HRmax, W-HRmax
      and VO2-HRmax. The V-200, W-200 and VO2-200 showed less variation. The VO2max
      showed good reproducibility, there being coefficients of variation ranging from
      1.4 to 9.0 per cent. The individual horse values for VO2max ranged from 104 to
      169 ml/kg bodyweight/min. Maximal heart rate was also highly reproducible and the
      coefficients of variation were less than or equal to 2.7 per cent in all horses.
      It is concluded that the measurement of VO2max has good reproducibility, but
      other estimates of maximal aerobic capacity are less precise.

PMID- 3371329
TI  - Sudden and unexpected death in horses and ponies: an analysis of 200 cases.
AB  - An analysis was made of the causes of death in horses and ponies over one year of
      age which died suddenly (Group 1) or were found dead but were considered normal
      when last seen (Group 2). There were 49 animals in Group 1. Thoroughbreds were
      overrepresented, but there were no ponies in this group. No cause of death was
      found in 30.6 per cent of cases and 16.3 per cent died from each of the following
      causes: haemorrhage in the respiratory system, central nervous system, and
      adverse drug reactions. Cardiovascular lesions were the cause of death in 14.4
      per cent and the remaining 3.1 per cent had lesions of the gastrointestinal
      system. Racehorses mostly died suddenly from severe haemorrhage in various sites,
      particularly the thorax. In Group 2 there were 151 animals, and in 33.1 per cent
      no cause of death was determined. Gastrointestinal lesions were considered the
      cause of death in 39.2 per cent of cases and respiratory lesions killed 8.6 per
      cent. Lesions of both the central nervous system and cardiovascular system were
      considered the cause in 4.6 per cent of cases. The remaining 9.9 per cent of
      animals had miscellaneous lesions. Toxicological studies were performed in 46 of
      the total 200 cases, and only two had positive results; lead in one and nicotine
      in the other.

PMID- 3371330
TI  - Influence of dynamic factors on the lumbar spine moment in lifting.

PMID- 3371331
TI  - Maximum acceptable weights in load carriage.

PMID- 3371332
TI  - Local muscle fatigue in repetitive work.

PMID- 3371333
TI  - DNA precipitation assay: a rapid and simple method for detecting DNA damage in
      mammalian cells.
AB  - When mammalian cells are lysed in 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate detergent followed
      by addition of an equal volume of 0.12 M potassium chloride, a precipitate forms
      that can be collected by low-speed centrifugation. This precipitate contains the
      cell protein and nucleic acid in close association with protein. In the absence
      of DNA damage, most of the DNA precipitates, but when DNA strand breaks are
      created by exposing cells to ionizing radiation or toxic chemicals, DNA is
      released from the protein and remains in the supernatant after centrifugation.
      The proportion of DNA remaining in the supernatant is thus a measure of the
      amount of DNA damage. This assay is characterized in terms of optimum cell number
      and pH and dose-response curves for DNA damage and cell survival following
      ionizing radiation, MNNG, BCNU, and VP-16 are shown. Sensitivity, simplicity,
      speed, and large sample handling capacity should allow wide application of this
      new assay to a variety of questions concerning DNA damage and repair.

PMID- 3371334
TI  - In vivo evaluation of the genotoxic potential of curacron in somatic cells of
      mice.
AB  - Cytogenetic effects produced in somatic cells by Curacron, a phosphoric acid
      ester insecticide, were assessed in mice by three criteria: chromosome
      aberrations, sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronucleus induction.
      Curacron significantly increased the frequency of all three in an apparent dose
      dependent manner. Curacron also inhibited the mitotic activity. The increased
      number of micronuclei is comparable to the increase in chromosome aberrations;
      the latter were mainly breaks. The frequency of SCE was considerably less than
      the frequencies of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations.

PMID- 3371335
TI  - Occupational muscle pain and injury; scientific challenge.

PMID- 3371336
TI  - Psychological factors and self-reports of muscle pain.
AB  - Factorial analyses of subjectively felt health complaints in a population of 400
      males and 74 females revealed nine orthogonal (independent) factors. One factor
      (Factor 4) involved pain in the neck, pain in the back, pain in arms and
      shoulders, and migraine. This type of complaint did not relate to anxiety and
      depression. The prevalence of muscle pains varied between the sexes, and the
      types of occupations. Shiftwork was also important. 54% of the women and 40% of
      the men in the total population had some forms of muscle pain, but only 8% of the
      women and 3% of the men felt this to be a really serious problem. Psychological
      factors explained only moderate amounts of variance of muscle pain when the
      population was taken as a whole. However, within each type of occupation,
      psychological factors explained a considerable amount of the variance.

PMID- 3371338
TI  - The static load component in muscle work.
AB  - By citing examples from actual work situations and discussing the concept of
      muscular endurance and fatigue this paper is intended to provide an account of
      past and current research on the "static" component of muscular load during work.
      By amplitude probability distribution analysis of electromyographic signals it is
      possible to estimate the "static level" of muscular load during work.
      Electromyographic studies of job rotation between different assembly tasks in
      electronic industries often show that there are quantitatively and qualitatively
      only small differences in muscular load between different tasks.

PMID- 3371339
TI  - Restitution of EMG spectrum after muscular fatigue.
AB  - Restitution of the EMG spectrum was studied in upper limb muscles. The subjects
      performed isometric and isotonic exercises until they refused because of fatigue.
      Force levels varied from 15 to 60% MVC. The mean frequency was used as an
      indicator of the modification of the spectrum. Restitution of the EMG spectrum
      was studied by recording for 10 min after the end of the fatigue experiment at
      intervals of 1 to 3 minutes. Recovery was rapid at the beginning, levelling off
      to a plateau in 2 to 5 min. The change was more regular in isometric experiments
      than in kinetic ones, although interindividual differences were large in both
      cases.

PMID- 3371337
TI  - Measurement and evaluation of postural load in occupational work situations.
AB  - This paper describes methodological considerations and problems experienced when
      quantifying muscle load in occupational work situations. A system for the
      quantification of the health effect of prolonged muscle load on the shoulder
      muscles is also described. Combined measurements of postural load and health
      effects can be used in a quantitative evaluation of postural load as a risk
      factor for the development of musculo-skeletal injury. Postural muscle load may
      be quantified by electromyography or by biomechanical methods. Problems
      associated with quantitative electromyography are described, including selective
      inhibition of functional compartments in a muscle. This phenomenon results in
      other compartments coming under proportionally higher strain, disturbing the
      force-EMG calibration curves. It is suggested that fatigue measurements,
      indicated by a shift in the centre frequency of the EMG frequency spectrum, are
      not easily used for evaluation of vocational EMG recordings if the purpose is to
      indicate the risk of occupational muscle injury. Load measurements using
      biomechanical methods may provide an acceptable alternative to electromyography,
      but more work is required before these methods can be used on a routine basis.

PMID- 3371340
TI  - Electromyography and fatigue during prolonged, low-level static contractions.
AB  - Findings from five separate studies of EMG changes and muscle fatigue during
      prolonged low-level static contractions are summarized, and the possible
      mechanisms behind the changes are briefly discussed. Sustained static
      contractions (10%, 7% and 5% MVC) of up to 1 h duration were performed by finger
      flexors, elbow flexors and extensors, and knee extensors. In one experiment,
      intermittent static arm pulling (triceps) (10 s contraction and 5 s rest, average
      work load 14% and 10% MVC) was performed for 7 h. The endurance time for the
      sustained contractions was around one hour for 10% MVC, and it was shown--all in
      all--that the concept of "indefinite" endurance times at contractions below 15
      20% MVC cannot be maintained. After 5% MVC sustained contractions for one hour a
      12% reduction in MVC was seen, and significant increases in EMG amplitude and
      decreases in the mean spectral frequency of the EMG-power spectrum were found.
      Marked differences were also seen in the EMG changes in the elbow flexors and
      extensors, and transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the knee extensors showed
      that low frequency fatigue was present after the contraction. With intermittent
      contractions similar changes in the EMG parameters were seen after 2-3 h of
      contractions at 14% MVC. On average, during contractions of 10% MVC no EMG
      changes were detected. Increased extracellular potassium concentration in the
      contracting muscles is suggested as a possible explanation of these findings.

PMID- 3371341
TI  - Isometric strength and occupational muscle disorders.
AB  - In two longitudinal studies, initial muscle strength and endurance of the
      shoulder-forearm muscles were related to deterioration of shoulder-neck-arm
      disorders after one year. Group I (n = 32) worked in the automobile industry
      assembling car motors. Their work was performed when standing and walking, and
      implied varied postures and exertion of external forces. Group II (n = 96) worked
      in the electronics industry assembling printed circuit boards. They worked
      sitting down and were exposed mainly to postural static loads. Muscle strength
      was negatively related to deterioration in group I but no such relationship was
      found in group II. The mechanism of occupational muscular injury is discussed,
      and it is suggested that mechanical overstress of the musculoskeletal system
      causes injury in occupations where external forces are exerted. The mechanism of
      injury in static, postural loads remains to be explained.

PMID- 3371342
TI  - Muscle blood flow during isometric activity and its relation to muscle fatigue.
AB  - The effect of isometric exercise on blood flow, blood pressure, intramuscular
      pressure as well as lactate and potassium efflux from exercising muscle was
      examined. The contractions performed were continuous or intermittent (5 s on, 5 s
      off) and varied between 5% and 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). A knee
      extensor and a hand-grip protocol were used. Evidence is presented that blood
      flow through the muscle is sufficient during low-level sustained contractions
      (less than 10% MVC). Despite this muscle fatigue occurs during prolonged
      contractions. One mechanism for this fatigue may be the disturbance of the
      potassium homeostasis. Such changes may also play a role in the development of
      fatigue during intermittent isometric contractions and even more so in the
      recovery from such exercise. In addition the role of impaired transport of
      substances within the muscle, due to long-lasting daily oedema formation, is
      discussed in relation to fatigue in highly repetitive, monotonous jobs.

PMID- 3371343
TI  - The consequences of eccentric contractions and their relationship to delayed
      onset muscle pain.
AB  - Exercise can cause muscle pain for a number of reasons. Usually the pain is
      experienced during the exercise and recovers rapidly afterwards. There is one
      type of muscle pain that has a very different and characteristic time course. In
      this situation the exercise itself, and the immediate post-exercise period are
      painfree. The pain is not felt for about eight hours and is maximal 1 or 2 days
      later. Delayed onset muscle pain occurs after unaccustomed, high force
      contractions and is particularly associated with eccentric contractions. The
      concensus of opinion is that the pain is caused by some form of damage, but the
      mechanism for the pain is not known. This review summarises the literature on the
      consequences of eccentric contractions and relates them to delayed onset muscle
      pain. There is clear evidence of damage to the muscle fibres themselves, their
      membranes and, at a later stage, mononuclear cell infiltration, but all these
      have very different time courses and none are the same as the pain. Intramuscular
      pressures are raised in some, but not all, painful compartments and even when
      raised follow a different time course to the pain. Anti-inflammatory agents do
      not affect the pain, but due to the incomplete understanding of the action of
      these drugs, the role of inflammation in delayed onset muscle pain is uncertain.
      Despite the considerable evidence of damage after eccentric contractions, the
      cause of delayed onset muscle pain is still unknown.

PMID- 3371344
TI  - Sublethal muscle fibre injuries after high-tension anaerobic exercise.
AB  - The vastus lateralis muscles of eleven male elite sprinters (17-28 years) were
      investigated in order to examine the impact of high tension anaerobic muscular
      work on muscle fibre fine structure. In an attempt to reproduce the training
      regimen six subjects ran 20 repetitions of 25 s on a treadmill with 2 min 35 s in
      between, at a speed corresponding to 86% of their personal best 200 m time. PAS
      stained sections of biopsies taken approximately 2 h after training generally
      indicated glycogen depletion in type 1 and type 2B fibres. At the light
      microscopic level, no signs of inflammation or fibre rupture were observed.
      However, at the ultrastructural level, frequent abnormalities of the contractile
      material and the cytoplasmic organelles were detected. Z-band streaming,
      autophagic vacuoles and abnormal mitochondria were the most conspicuous
      observations. Control specimens from sprinters who did not perform the acute
      exercise routine also displayed structural deviations, although to a lesser
      degree. It is hypothesized that during sprint training the leg musculature is put
      under great mechanical and metabolic stress which causes the degenerative
      response reported here.

PMID- 3371345
TI  - Characterisation of binding of the methoxyacrylate inhibitors to mitochondrial
      cytochrome c reductase.
AB  - The three E-beta-methoxyacrylate (MOA) inhibitors oudemansin A, strobilurin A and
      MOA stilbene [3-methoxy-2(2-styrylphenyl)propenic acid-methylester], which differ
      by more than one order of magnitude in their binding affinity to the
      mitochondrial ubihydroquinone:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (bc1 complex), bind to
      a site that is not identical to the binding site for ubihydroquinone, the
      substrate of the outer ubiquinone reaction site (Qo centre). Although the
      ubihydroquinone molecule is still bound in the presence of the MOA inhibitors,
      its electrons cannot be transferred to the iron-sulfur centre. A shift of the
      relative position of the ubihydroquinone molecule in the reaction centre due to a
      conformational distortion of cytochrome b induced by the binding of the MOA
      inhibitor seems to be the reason for the blocked electron transfer. Further
      analysis shows that ubihydroquinone affects the Kd values of all three MOA
      inhibitors tested: the values are raised by a constant factor of two, although
      the inhibitors bind with quite different affinity. The iron-sulfur protein is not
      involved in the binding of the MOA inhibitors. These results have direct
      implications for the proper use of MOA inhibitors in experiments designed to
      analyse the structure/mechanism relationship in cytochrome c reductase. In
      particular, point mutations recently described in MOA-inhibitor-resistant mutants
      can no longer be taken to affect necessarily the ubihydroquinone binding site.

PMID- 3371346
TI  - The primary structure of the histone H2A(2) type from wheat germ. A core histone
      type with both, N-terminal and C-terminal extensions.
AB  - The histone H2A(2) type from wheat germ comprises at least two highly homologous
      isohistones with 151 amino acid residues. Microheterogeneity occurs mainly at the
      N-terminal and C-terminal regions. These isohistones have both N-terminal (7
      amino acid residues) and C-terminal (15 amino acid residues) extensions relative
      to calf thymus histone H2A.

PMID- 3371347
TI  - Uridine(5')diphospho(1)-alpha-D-glucose. A binding study to glycogen
      phosphorylase b in the crystal.
AB  - UDP-glucose is an R-state inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase b, competitive with
      the substrate, glucose 1-phosphate and noncompetitive with the allosteric
      activator, AMP. Diffusion of 100 mM UDP-glucose into crystals of phosphorylase b
      resulted in a difference Fourier synthesis at 0.3-nm resolution that showed two
      peaks: (a) binding at the allosteric site and (b) binding at the catalytic site.
      At the allosteric site the whole of the UDP-glucose molecule can be located. It
      is in a well defined folded conformation with its uracil portion in a similar
      position to that observed for the adenine of AMP. The uracil and the glucose
      moieties stack against the aromatic side chains of Tyr-75 and Phe-196,
      respectively. The phosphates of the pyrophosphate component interact with Arg
      242, Arg-309 and Arg-310. At the catalytic site, the glucose-1-P component of UDP
      glucose is firmly bound in a position similar to that observed for glucose 1
      phosphate. The pyrophosphate is also well located with the glucose phosphate
      interacting with the main-chain NH groups at the start of the glycine-loop alpha
      helix and the uridine phosphate interacting through a water molecule with the 5'
      phosphate of the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate and with the side chains of
      residues Tyr-573, Lys-574 and probably Arg-569. However the position of the
      uridine cannot be located although analysis by thin-layer chromatography showed
      that no degradation had taken place. Binding of UDP-glucose to the catalytic site
      promotes extensive conformational changes. The loop 279-288 which links the
      catalytic site to the nucleoside inhibitor site is displaced and becomes mobile.
      Concomitant movements of residues His-571, Arg-569, and the loop 378-383,
      together with the major loop displacement, result in an open channel to the
      catalytic site. Comparison with other structural results shows that these changes
      form an essential feature of the T to R transition. They allow formation of the
      phosphate recognition site at the catalytic site and destroy the nucleoside
      inhibitor site. Kinetic experiments demonstrate that UDP-glucose activates the
      enzyme in the presence of high concentrations of the weak activator IMP, because
      of its ability to decrease the affinity of IMP for the inhibitor site.

PMID- 3371348
TI  - Temperature-dependent binding to the thylakoid membranes of nuclear-coded
      chloroplast heat-shock proteins.
AB  - Two nuclear-coded heat-shock proteins (HSP) of pea (Pisum sativum) are
      synthesized as larger precursors of 26 kDa and 30 kDa in vitro. They are
      transported post-translationally into isolated, homologous chloroplasts where
      they are processed to mature proteins of 22 kDa and 25 kDa, respectively. When
      the chloroplasts used for the transport are isolated from control plants grown at
      25 degrees C the 22-kDa and 25-kDa HSPs are located in the stroma of the
      chloroplasts. However, when chloroplasts are prepared from heat-shocked plants
      both proteins are found bound to the thylakoid membranes. The transition of the
      non-binding to the binding status is comparatively sharp and occurs between 36
      degrees C and 40 degrees C in the variety 'Rosa Krone'. The transition
      temperature has been determined at 38 degrees C for 'Rosa Krone' and at 40
      degrees C for the variety 'Golf'. At 42 degrees C, 15-min treatment of the plants
      is sufficient to induce membrane binding, which persists for at least 4-6 h (but
      not for 24 h) after return to the ambient temperature. Once lost, membrane
      binding can be reinduced by a second heat-shock treatment in vivo. High light
      intensities during the heat shock interfere with the binding capacity for heat
      shock proteins.

PMID- 3371349
TI  - Structural changes induced by Triton X-100 on sonicated phosphatidylcholine
      liposomes.
AB  - Solubilization of sonicated unilamellar vesicles by Triton X-100 is a complex
      process. Solubilization starts at low detergent concentrations, as compared to
      the case of large vesicles, and is accompanied by the simultaneous rapid
      formation of large multilamellar liposomes. Measurements of lipid and detergent
      distribution indicate that, at a 1:1 lipid:detergent mole ratio, about one-third
      of the lipid, with most of the detergent, is solubilized in the form of mixed
      micelles. The remaining two-thirds are in the form of multilamellar liposomes,
      virtually free of detergent. Higher detergent concentrations also bring about the
      solubilization of these liposomes.

PMID- 3371350
TI  - Interaction of influenza virus with gangliosides and liposomes containing
      gangliosides.
AB  - It has already been shown that influenza virus binds unspecifically to liposomes
      containing ganglioside GM1 wheras with gangliosides GD1b and GT1b binding occurs
      in a specific and saturable manner [Slepushkin et al. (1986) Biol. Membr. 3, 229
      235]. In the present study the mode of interaction between influenza virus and
      various gangliosides or phospholipid liposomes containing cholesterol and
      gangliosides has been investigated. The influence of exogenous gangliosides on
      the structure of the viral envelope was studied using fluorescent and
      photoactivatable phospholipids incorporated into the viral membrane. With both
      types of probes maximal effects of gangliosides were caused by GT1b. Addition of
      that ganglioside resulted in a marked decrease in the fluorescence polarization
      (P) of fluorescent labeled virus as well as in substantial changes in the binding
      of photoactivatable analogues of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine to virus
      proteins, mainly hemagglutinin. The effects of GT1b and GD1b on P value were
      comparable, whereas gangliosides with other oligosaccharide chains caused much
      smaller changes in P. Furthermore GT1b but not GM1 influenced phospholipid
      hemagglutinin cross-linking. Interaction of the virus with large unilamellar
      liposomes was monitored by two fluorescence assays based on resonance-energy
      transfer from the tryptophans and tyrosines of viral proteins to vesicles labeled
      with a triacylglycerol (anthrylvinyldioleoylglycerol) or from these labeled
      vesicles to virions labeled with a perylenoyl derivative of galactosylcerebroside
      (PGalSph). A third fluorescence assay was based on relief of self-quenching in
      PGalSph-labeled virions, upon low-pH-induced virus-liposome fusion. With all
      three fusion assays the changes of fluorescence caused by GT1b were more
      pronounced than those induced by GM1. On the other hand, virus-induced release of
      [14C]glucose from multilamellar liposomes was enhanced by GM1 but not by GT1b or
      GD1b. It is concluded that the interaction of GT1b or GD1b with virus
      hemagglutinin induces a rearrangement of the viral lipids rendering lipid bilayer
      areas of the viral envelope significantly fluid, which in turn promotes fusion of
      the virus with target membranes. Probably virus-liposome fusion and virus-induced
      liposome leakage are brought about by different mechanisms depending on specific
      or unspecific binding of the virions to the target.

PMID- 3371351
TI  - The effect of poly(ADP-ribose) on interactions of DNA with histones H1, H3 and
      H4.
AB  - The competition between poly(ADP-ribose) and DNA for binding of the histones H1,
      H3 and H4 was studied, using a membrane filter-binding test. Poly(ADP-ribose)
      differently affected the interaction between DNA and the individual histones.
      While poly(ADP-ribose) effectively competed with DNA for binding of histone H4,
      it equally competed with DNA for binding of histone H3 and only inefficiently
      competed with DNA for binding of histone H1. Moreover, preformed complexes were
      correspondingly affected by the addition of competing polynucleotides, thereby
      also indicating the reversibility of complex formation. The competition capacity
      of DNA for histone H4 binding did not depend on DNA size. Competition experiments
      with poly(A) also indicated that poly(ADP-ribose) preferentially affected DNA
      histone H4 interaction. The significance of the differing binding properties is
      discussed with regard to the possible molecular function of poly(ADP-ribose),
      especially with regard to its potential effect on nucleosome structure.

PMID- 3371352
TI  - Structure of the horseradish peroxidase isozyme C genes.
AB  - We have isolated, cloned and characterized three cDNAs and two genomic DNAs
      corresponding to the mRNAs and genes for the horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
      peroxidase isoenzyme C (HPR C). The amino acid sequence of HRP C1, deduced from
      the nucleotide sequence of one of the cDNA clone, pSK1, contained the same
      primary sequence as that of the purified enzyme established by Welinder [FEBS
      Lett. 72, 19-23 (1976)] with additional sequences at the N and C terminal. All
      three inserts in the cDNA clones, pSK1, pSK2 and pSK3, coded the same size of
      peptide (308 amino acid residues) if these are processed in the same way, and the
      amino acid sequence were homologous to each other by 91-94%. Functional amino
      acids, including His40, His170, Tyr185 and Arg183 and S-S-bond-forming Cys, were
      conserved in the three isozymes, but a few N-glycosylation sites were not the
      same. Two HRP C isoenzyme genomic genes, prxC1 and prxC2, were tandem on the
      chromosomal DNA and each gene consisted of four exons and three introns. The
      positions in the exons interrupted by introns were the same in two genes. We
      observed a putative promoter sequence 5' upstream and a poly(A) signal 3'
      downstream in both genes. The gene product of prxC1 might be processed with a
      signal sequence of 30 amino acid residues at the N terminus and a peptide
      consisting of 15 amino acid residues at the C terminus.

PMID- 3371353
TI  - Purification and characterization of a ketimine-reducing enzyme.
AB  - An NAD(P)H-dependent reductase able to reduce a new class of cyclic unsaturated
      compounds named ketimines has been detected and purified 2500-fold from pig
      kidney. Some molecular and kinetic properties of this enzyme have been
      determined. The enzymatic reduction proceeds with a classical ping-pong mechanism
      and some results suggest that the true substrate has the ketiminic structure and
      is in equilibrium with the enaminic and keto-open forms. As previously described,
      ketimines arise from the deamination of a number of sulfur-containing amino
      acids, i.e. L-cystathionine, L-lanthionine and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine, catalyzed
      by a widespread mammalian transaminase. The enzymatic reduction products of
      ketimines have been identified as cyclothionine, 1,4-thiomorpholine 3,5
      dicarboxylic acid and 1,4-thiomorpholine 3-carboxylic acid. Some of these
      compounds have been detected in mammals, thus suggesting a possible role of this
      enzyme in their biosynthesis.

PMID- 3371354
TI  - Regeneration after cardiotoxin injury of innervated and denervated slow and fast
      muscles of mammals. Myosin isoform analysis.
AB  - The regeneration of adult rat and mouse slow (soleus) and fast (sternomastoid)
      muscles was examined after the degeneration of myofibers had been achieved by a
      snake venom cardiotoxin, under experimental conditions devised to spare as far as
      possible the satellite cells, the nerves, and the blood vessels of the muscles.
      Three days after the injury, no myosin was detectable in selected portions of the
      muscles. New myosins of embryonic, neonatal, and adult types started to be
      synthesized during the following two days. Adult myosins thus appeared more
      precociously than in development, which implies that the synthesis of myosin
      isoforms during regeneration does not entirely 'recapitulate' the sequence of
      myosin transitions observed during normal development. Two weeks after the
      injury, the isomyosin electrophoretic pattern displayed by regenerated muscles
      was already the same as that of control muscles; the normal adult pattern was
      therefore expressed more rapidly in regenerating than in developing muscles.
      Except for the synthesis of the slow isoform which was generally inhibited in
      denervated muscles, the same types of myosins were expressed during the early
      stages of regeneration in denervated as in innervated muscles; long-term
      denervation prevented however the qualitative and quantitative recovery of the
      normal myosin pattern.

PMID- 3371355
TI  - Identification and sequence determination of a cDNA clone for tomato pectin
      esterase.
AB  - Cell wall softening during tomato fruit ripening is brought about through the
      action of a number of pectolytic enzymes. We have reported previously the cloning
      and characterisation of the cDNA for the major cell wall softening (degrading)
      enzyme, polygalacturonase [Grierson, D., Tucker, G. A., Keen, J., Ray, J., Bird,
      C. R. and Schuch, W. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 8595-8603]. We have now
      isolated a cDNA clone for tomato pectin esterase, an enzyme also implicated in
      cell wall softening. Here we report the structure of this cDNA and compare it
      with the structure of pectin esterase derived from amino acid sequence
      experiments [Markovic, O. and Jornvall, H. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 158, 455-462].
      We have used the pectin esterase cDNA clone to analyse pectin esterase gene
      expression during development and ripening of normal and mutant fruit.

PMID- 3371356
TI  - Three types of rat U1 small nuclear RNA genes with different flanking sequences
      are induced to express in vivo.
AB  - There are about 50 copies of U1 RNA genes/pseudogenes in the rat genome. To date,
      we have isolated so far 25 phage clones carrying a U1 RNA gene/pseudogene from
      two rat genomic libraries. The 12 clones were selected by hybridization with the
      U1 RNA coding region under a stringent condition, and were mapped and sequenced.
      Here, we report three types of U1 RNA genes with different flanking sequences,
      all of which were shown to be induced to express in vivo by transfection with
      their polylinker-inserted maxi U1 RNA genes into cultured rat cells. Although
      these three classes of U1 RNA genes have few homologous flanking sequences, they
      provide both upstream and downstream of the genes two conserved blocks, which may
      possibly play an important role in U1 RNA expression.

PMID- 3371357
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies reveal evolutionary conservation of alternative splicing of
      the alpha A-crystallin primary transcript.
AB  - Because of their specificity and sensitivity, monoclonal antibodies are powerful
      tools in studies of protein structure and function. Therefore, we raised
      monoclonal antibodies against alpha A-crystallin and identified the antigenic
      determinant for two of these antibodies. Applying limited-digestion methods, we
      show that the region spanning residues 158-168 of alpha A-crystallin contains the
      epitope for the two monoclonal antibodies. These monoclonals were then used to
      study the occurrence in the lenses of different vertebrates of the elongated
      alpha Ains-crystallin chain, a product of alternative splicing. It appears that
      the mutational event resulting in the alternative splicing pattern of the alpha A
      crystallin gene took place at least 70 million years ago. This alternative
      splicing phenomenon has been maintained in rodents and some other, unrelated
      mammals, but disappeared again in most mammalian lineages.

PMID- 3371358
TI  - Polymerization and gelation of fibrinogen in D2O.
AB  - The solution properties of fibrinogen and the thrombin-induced activation and
      gelation of fibrinogen in 95% D2O at pH 7.4 were compared to those in H2O under
      similar conditions. The initial release rates of fibrinopeptides A and B in D2O
      were slightly slower than those in H2O. However, the values of the Michaelis
      Menten parameters Km and V for the release of the two peptides in D2O and H2O in
      the presence of 0.5 M NaCl were about the same. From turbidity measurements at
      450 nm it is obvious that fibrinogen is soluble in a slightly more narrow range
      of NaCl concentration and that the fibrin gels have a higher degree of lateral
      aggregation in D2O than in H2O. The variation of fibrinogen concentration,
      thrombin concentration, pH and ionic a strength have a similar dependence on the
      final gel structure and clotting time in D2O and H2O. SDS-gel electrophoresis on
      fibrin samples, which were cross-linked by factor XIII, yielded results where the
      cross-linking of the gamma-chain appeared to be the same in D2O and H2O. The
      alpha-chain cross-linking was somewhat faster in D2O than in H2O. When fibrinogen
      solutions in 95% D2O were incubated at 20 mM CaCl2, a slow gelation of fibrinogen
      was observed, which was found to be induced by trace amounts of factor XIII. The
      final gel turbidity appeared to be about the same for this gelation as for that
      induced by thrombin. The differences in solubility for fibrinogen, kinetics for
      the enzyme reaction and optical properties for the fibrin gels in D2O and H2O may
      be explained by differences in electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and
      hydration of fibrinogen in these two media.

PMID- 3371360
TI  - A peptide from the eel pancreas with structural similarity to human pancreatic
      secretory trypsin inhibitor.
AB  - The primary structure of a 61-amino-acid residue peptide from the pancreas of the
      European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been established as E E K S G(5)L Y R K
      P(10)S C G E M(15)S A M H A(20)C P M N F(25)A P V C G(30)T D G N T(35)Y P N E
      C(40)S L C F Q(45)R Q N T K(50)T D I L I(55)T K D D R(60)C. There was no
      indication of microheterogeneity. This peptide shows structural similarity to
      pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitors from several mammalian species and to a
      cholecystokinin-releasing peptide isolated from rat pancreatic juice. A
      comparison of the amino acid sequences of the peptides has identified a domain in
      the central region of the molecules that has been strongly conserved during
      evolution. In contrast, the amino acid sequence in the region corresponding to
      the reactive centre of the mammalian trypsin inhibitors is very poorly conserved
      in the eel peptide. The P1-P1' reactive site lysine-isoleucine (or arginine
      isoleucine) bond in the mammalian trypsin inhibitors is replaced by a methionine
      asparagine bond. This region does, however, show limited homology to the reactive
      centre of human alpha 1-protease inhibitor suggesting that the eel peptide may
      function as an inhibitor of other proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas.

PMID- 3371359
TI  - Crystals of modified bovine neurophysin II.
AB  - An enzymatically modified form of bovine neurophysin II has been crystallized in
      three unique crystal forms. The orthorhombic form crystallizes in space group
      P2(1)2(1)2 with a = 15.33 nm, b = 6.92 nm, c = 3.63 nm, with four molecules in
      the asymmetric unit. The monoclinic form crystallizes in space group P2(1) with a
      = 6.22 nm, b = 9.55 nm, c = 5.45 nm and beta = 110.2 degrees, with eight
      molecules in the asymmetric unit. The tetragonal form crystallizes in space group
      P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 with a = 14.1 nm and c = 14.2 nm, with twelve molecules
      in the asymmetric unit. We report here the crystallization conditions, as well as
      the crystal data.

PMID- 3371361
TI  - Structural analysis of O-glycosidic type of sialyloligosaccharide-alditols
      derived from urinary glycopeptides of a sialidosis patient.
AB  - Sialidosis urine was fractionated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-6. All pooled
      fractions containing carbohydrates showed the presence of small amounts of GalNAc
      in non-reducing position, besides free N-acetyllactosamine type of
      oligosaccharides as major constituents. The fractions were subjected to reductive
      alkaline borohydride degradation, after which the major part of GalNAc was
      recovered as N-acetyl-D-galactosaminitol (GalNAc-ol). The GalNAc-ol-containing
      material was separated from the N-glycosidic oligosaccharides by a second gel
      filtration step on AcA 202. Subsequently, the O-glycosidic sialyloligosaccharide
      alditols were subfractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q.
      Structural analysis by 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed two major components
      in all fractions, namely: NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-ol and NeuAc alpha 2
      3Gal beta 1-3[NeuAc alpha 2-6]GalNAc-ol. Furthermore, NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1
      3[NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6]GalNAc-ol was found as a minor
      component in some of the fractions. The presence of these carbohydrate chains in
      Bio-Gel fractions differing in molecular mass suggested that they are derived
      from glycopeptides which are heterogeneous in their peptide part.

PMID- 3371362
TI  - Respiratory nitrate reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans. Evidence for two b
      type haems in the gamma subunit and properties of a water-soluble active enzyme
      containing alpha and beta subunits.
AB  - 1. The b-type haem centres of the three (alpha, beta and gamma) subunit nitrate
      reductase from Paracoccus denitrificans have been analysed by redox
      potentiometry. Two components were identified with mid-point potentials +95 mV
      and +210 mV. 2. Washing, in the absence of Mg2+ ions, of cytoplasmic membrane
      vesicles from P. denitrificans promoted selective release of nitrate reductase
      activity. The released enzyme was purified by chromatography and shown to contain
      alpha and beta, but not gamma polypeptides. A haem spectrum was absent,
      consistent with the lack of the gamma subunit. The alpha and beta polypeptides of
      the water-soluble nitrate reductase had molecular masses that were identical to
      those of the detergent-purified enzyme and also of the nitrate reductase in
      cytoplasmic membranes. This observation, together with the failure of protease
      inhibitors to prevent release from the membrane, indicates that the release is
      not related to limited proteolysis of the alpha and/or beta polypeptides. The
      relative molecular mass of the water-soluble alpha beta enzyme was estimated to
      be approximately 200,000. 3. The water-soluble nitrate reductase was released
      from intact inverted cytoplasmic membrane vesicles as judged by loss of NADH-NO3-
      reductase activity and retention by the vesicles after washing of uncoupler
      sensitive NADH-oxidase activity. These observations show that alpha and beta
      polypeptides, and therefore the active site for nitrate reduction, are located on
      the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. 4. Attempts to reverse the nitrate
      reductase activity of the enzyme, using nitrate as reductant plus ferricyanide or
      chlorate as tested oxidants, were unsuccessful. The implications for the
      mechanism of the enzyme are discussed.

PMID- 3371363
TI  - Palmitate binding to serum albumin, measured by rate of dialysis.
AB  - Dialysis experiments were performed with an acetylcellulose membrane between two
      identical sample solutions; a trace amount of radiolabelled palmitate was added
      on one side and the rate of dialytic equilibration of the label was measured. By
      comparison with rates measured in standard experiments, using pure albumin
      solutions, we obtained the reserve albumin concentration for binding of
      palmitate, previously defined as the concentration of a pure standard albumin
      which binds the labelled ligand as tightly as it is bound in the sample. Two
      techniques were developed, one for 1-ml sample volumes, another for 25
      microliter. Reserve albumin for binding of palmitate, measured in pure albumin
      solutions, decreased equally on addition of palmitate and stearate, slightly less
      with oleate and still less with linoleate, indicating that palmitate and stearate
      are bound competitively while interaction with binding of the unsaturated acids
      is less pronounced. Chloride ions compete with binding of palmitate. Reserve
      albumin concentration in serum samples from 33 male adults was 420 +/- 59 microM
      (mean +/- SD), and in 33 females, 351 +/- 50 microM. Umbilical cord sera from ten
      newborn infants averaged 172 +/- 56 microM. The reserve albumin concentrations in
      the sera of newborn infants are low compared with the normal albumin
      concentration, which is about 600 microM. This appears to indicate the presence
      of an albumin species with lower affinity for palmitate.

PMID- 3371364
TI  - Bacteriorhodopsin precursor is processed in two steps.
AB  - Besides the Coomassie-blue-stained band corresponding to mature bacterioopsin two
      additional bands of slightly higher apparent molecular masses were observed in
      purple membrane preparations from Halobacterium halobium by SDS-PAGE. The
      staining intensity within the triple band pattern varied with the age of the cell
      culture. For cells in the stationary growth phase the lower band, corresponding
      to mature bacterioopsin, is the predominant one. Immunodetection and site
      specific proteolysis with papain identified the upper band as originating from
      the previously described precursor of bacterioopsin with its 13-amino-acid-long N
      terminal presequence. Our results suggest that the intermediate band is due to a
      modified precursor of bacterioopsin with a truncated presequence of about eight
      amino acids. A two-step mechanism for the processing of pre-bacterioopsin to the
      mature protein in this archaebacterium is proposed.

PMID- 3371365
TI  - 13C-NMR study of glycerol metabolism in rabbit renal cells of proximal convoluted
      tubules.
AB  - Perchloric acid extracts of rabbit renal proximal convoluted tubular cells (PCT)
      incubated with [2-13C]glycerol and [1,3-13C]glycerol were investigated by 13C-NMR
      spectroscopy. These 13C-NMR spectra enabled us to determine cell metabolic
      pathways of glycerol in PCT cells. The main percentage of 13C-label, arising from
      13C-enriched glycerol, was found in glucose, lactate, glutamine and glutamate. So
      far it can be concluded that glycerol is a suitable substrate for PCT cells and
      is involved in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis as well in the Krebs cycle
      intermediates. Label exchange and label enrichment in 13C-labelled glucose,
      arising from [2-13C]glycerol and [1,3-13C]glycerol, is explained by label
      scrambling through the pentose shunt and a label exchange in the triose phosphate
      pool. From relative enrichments it is estimated that the ratio of the pyruvate
      kinase flux to the gluconeogenetic flux is 0.97:1 and that the ratio of pyruvate
      carboxylase activity relative to pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is 2.0:1. Our
      results show that 13C-NMR spectroscopy, using 13C-labelled substrates, is a
      powerful tool for the examination of renal metabolism.

PMID- 3371366
TI  - Rates of production and consumption of phosphatidic acid upon thrombin
      stimulation of human platelets.
AB  - Human platelets were labelled with [32P]Pi and [3H]glycerol before gel
      filtration. In unstimulated cells, the specific 32P radioactivity in phosphatidic
      acid (PtdOH) was similar to that of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) but only 4% of
      that of the gamma-phosphate of ATP. Upon 3 min of stimulation with 0.5 U/ml of
      thrombin, there was a 20-fold increase in specific 32P radioactivity of PtdOH
      which approached that of the ATP gamma-phosphate. Based on constant rates of
      synthesis and removal, this thrombin-induced increase in specific 32P
      radioactivity in PtdOH allowed us to calculate the flux of phosphate through
      PtdOH upon stimulation. Synthesis and removal occurred at rates of 107 and 52
      nmol min-1/10(11) cells, respectively. The specific [3H]glycerol radioactivity
      was similar in PtdIns, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol
      4,5-bisphosphate in unstimulated platelets. In PtdOH, it was 50% of that of the
      inositol phospholipids. Thrombin stimulation induced no changes in the specific
      3H radioactivity of the inositol phospholipids whereas specific [3H]PtdOH
      increased to the level of these lipids. It is concluded that PtdIns, PtdInsP and
      PtdInsP2 exist in a metabolic homogenous pool in human platelets.

PMID- 3371367
TI  - Current problems in antiarrhythmic therapy. A symposium. 14 September 1986,
      Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Proceedings.

PMID- 3371368
TI  - Paradoxical proarrhythmic phenomena evaluated by non-invasive methods.

PMID- 3371369
TI  - The World Health Organization and International Atomic Energy Agency second
      interlaboratory comparison study in 16 countries on quality performance of
      nuclear medicine imaging devices.
AB  - Sixteen European countries participated in this WHO-IAEA intercomparison for
      which transmission CAP (College of American Pathologists) thyroid and IAEA-WHO
      liver phantoms were used. A total of 257 laboratories submitted 428 image
      evaluation reports. Overall results showed differences in performance between the
      various countries but similarities in performance for two gamma camera subgroups
      defined by year of manufacture, before and after 1980. A unique review of current
      European liver imaging practice is presented in terms of technical parameters,
      imaging conditions and evaluation procedures, and quality control procedures. The
      WHO-IAEA intercomparison demonstrated the need to establish new, or to improve
      the existing, quality control programmes in certain countries. However, the large
      number of participating laboratories, 257 compared with 70 in the previous WHO
      study, (Volodin et al. 1985), shows that these international studies are serving
      a useful purpose in promoting quality control in nuclear medicine imaging
      laboratories.

PMID- 3371370
TI  - 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy.
AB  - Fourteen human thyroid tumors were studied with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
      imaging. The proliferative activity and DNA ploidy of the tumors was assessed by
      DNA flow cytometry. FDG accumulated in a Hurthle cell carcinoma, an anaplastic
      carcinoma and a thyroid lymphoma, but only slightly or not at all in the three
      papillary carcinomas studied. Three of the eight benign tumors also accumulated
      FDG, but two of these were selected for imaging because of a large number of
      proliferating cells in DNA flow cytometry. Two carcinomas with increased nuclear
      DNA content retained FDG, but a histologically benign follicular adenoma with DNA
      aneuploidy did not. We conclude that in addition to malignant thyroid tumors,
      histologically benign tumors may also accumulate FDG, and therefore the value of
      FDG scanning in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid malignancy is limited.

PMID- 3371371
TI  - Acute pancreatitis: secondary findings on hepatobiliary scintigraphy.
AB  - Review of hepatobiliary scintigrams in patients with serologically documented
      pancreatitis revealed scintigraphic abnormalities in 19 of 21 studies (90%) in 19
      patients. Abnormalities included duodenal loop widening (14/21 or 65%) and
      duodenogastric reflux (10/21 or 48%). Total biliary obstruction was seen in five
      studies, thereby precluding evaluation of the gastrointestinal phase in these
      patients. Excluding these, duodenal loop widening and duodenogastric reflux were
      seen in 88% and 63% of patients respectively. We evaluated three patients in whom
      initial scans showed obstruction, but repeat examination showed resolution of
      obstruction following passage of common duct stone, with duodenal loop widening
      and duodenogastric reflux suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Duodenal loop
      widening as demonstrated by hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a sign of pancreatic
      enlargement in acute pancreatitis, whereas duodenogastric reflux appears to be an
      indirect manifestation of an adjacent inflammatory process.

PMID- 3371372
TI  - Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI):
      comparison of short and long time intervals between rest and stress injections.
      Preliminary results.
AB  - Unlike 201Tl, 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) does not
      redistribute in the myocardium after injection. Thus, two separate injections of
      this new myocardial perfusion agent are required to differentiate ischemia from
      scar. An injection at stress followed by a 2nd injection at rest performed 24 h
      later, or the inverse, has been proposed. This protocol is not ideal in clinical
      practice. It would be preferred if both injections were performed on the same
      day. Fifteen patients with significant coronary artery disease demonstrated by
      coronary angiography and with at least one ischemic segment on the myocardial
      201Tl study were evaluated within two weeks with the following protocol. On the
      same day (short time interval protocol), 3 images, each of 10 min duration
      (anterior, 45 degrees LAO and 70 degrees LAO views) were performed between 30 to
      60 min after the injection at rest of 7-10 mCi 99mTc-MIBI. On completion of the
      rest study, the patient received 25-30 mCi 99mTc-MIBI at stress and images were
      again obtained 30 to 60 min later. Two days later (long time interval protocol) a
      stress study alone was repeated using 10 mCi 99mTc-MIBI with the same imaging
      time. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the short and the long
      time interval studies were performed by four experienced observers. Both
      protocols showed the same number of ischemic segments (52/225) and fixed defects
      (19/225). The diagnostic information of images was judged similar in nine
      patients while the short protocol was judged superior to the long protocol in
      five patients and inferior in 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371373
TI  - Imaging for infection: caution required with the Charcot joint.
AB  - Scintigraphic techniques for detecting bone infection can be misleading in
      neuroarthropathy (Charcot joint). Three patients showed strongly positive three
      phase bone and 67Ga imaging despite absence of osteitis. Indium labelled white
      cell imaging provided the correct information on each patient. The findings have
      important implications for the investigation of diabetic patients with suspected
      bone infection.

PMID- 3371374
TI  - The optimum time for tumour imaging with thallium-201.
AB  - Following the intravenous injection of 75 MBq 201Tl-chloride we have assessed the
      uptake kinetics in the myocardium and in the primary tumour in 56 patients with
      lung cancer, 26 with breast cancer and 13 with mediastinal lymphoma. The time of
      maximal tumour uptake ranged from 8-20 min post-injection and did not differ
      significantly between lung cancer (mean +/- SD = 11.9 +/- 3.34 min), breast
      cancer (11.21 +/- 1.88 min) and lymphoma (11.76 +/- 3.25 min). The time of
      maximum cardiac uptake of 201Tl was 11.61 +/- 3.25 min. There was no significant
      washout of 201Tl from the tumours in the first hour after injection in the
      various malignant lesions studied. The time of maximal tumour to background
      activity was 18.3 +/- 0.59 min for lung cancer, 13.0 +/- 1.16 min for breast
      cancer and 16.7 +/- 1.04 min for lymphoma. The time course of 201Tl uptake in the
      tumours suggests that the mechanism of uptake is similar to that in the
      myocardium. The optimal time of 201Tl tumour imaging is from 20-60 min following
      injection and did not differ in various tumours studied.

PMID- 3371376
TI  - Optimum conditions for radiolabelling human granulocytes and mixed leucocytes
      with 111In-tropolonate.
AB  - To determine the optimum conditions for the in vitro radiolabelling of human
      granulocytes with 111In-tropolonate for clinical studies, the factors which
      affected the amount of 111In bound to the cells, the labelling efficiency (LE),
      were measured. These included the tropolone concentration, labelling medium and
      cell concentration. The tropolone concentration was dependent on the amount of
      plasma in the labelling medium; with 90% ACD plasma it was 4 x 10(-4) M and with
      Hepes saline buffer it was 4 x 10(-5) M. Using these tropolone concentrations and
      a low granulocyte concentration of 1 x 10(7) ml-1, the LE in 90% ACD plasma was
      29% and in buffer was 74%. However, increasing the cell concentration to 1 x
      10(8) ml-1 gave a LE of 90% in buffer and plasma. The optimum conditions for
      clinical studies involved incubating granulocytes, or mixed leucocytes as a
      source of granulocytes, at a cell concentration of at least 5 x 10(7) cell/ml in
      1 ml ACD plasma, pH 7-7.6 with 0.1 ml tropolone at 4.4 x 10(-3) M mixed with no
      more than 100 microliter 111InCl3 for 15 min at room temperature. Under these
      conditions more than 96% of the 111In was taken up by the granulocytes and only
      3% of the 111In was released from the labelled cells during a 30 min incubation
      in plasma. 111In-tropolonate is therefore an efficient agent for stably
      radiolabelling human granulocytes in plasma for clinical studies.

PMID- 3371375
TI  - Improved radioimmunolocalization of human tumor xenografts following subcutaneous
      delivery of monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The localization of a radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody reactive with
      choriocarcinomas to human choriocarcinoma xenografts following intravenous and
      subcutaneous injection was evaluated by gamma scanning and tissue sampling. Tumor
      xenografts were established in the popliteal node region of athymic nude mice
      after repeated innoculations of the hind foot pads with BEWO choriocarcinoma
      cells. In dual label specific antibody studies, tumor/non tumor uptake ratios
      following subcutaneous (resulting in considerable intralymphatic uptake)
      injection of 131I-5F9.3 were significantly higher than those achieved post
      simultaneous intravenous injection of 125I-5F9.3. Double label experiments with
      131I-5F9.3 and a nonspecific antibody, 125I-UPC-10, following subcutaneous
      injection, demonstrated that the high localization to popliteal region tumors was
      largely due to antibody specificity. Gamma scans following subcutaneous antibody
      administration of specific antibody to tumor bearing animals showed tumors soon
      after subcutaneous injection, at times earlier than those typically seen
      following intravenous delivery. Similar subcutaneous injections showed little
      normal nodal uptake in BALB/c control animals on gamma scans. No correlation was
      seen between tumor localization by specific antibody between the intravenous and
      intralymphatic routes, implying a difference in the mechanisms of tumor uptake of
      antibody by these two routes. The subcutaneous approach to antibody delivery
      offers advantages over intravenous delivery in tumors of human origin, including
      higher tumor/non tumor ratios and earlier imaging times. This was true even
      though these tumors were many times larger than normal lymph nodes. This
      subcutaneous delivery advantage should be exploitable in imaging nodal metastases
      of human tumors.

PMID- 3371377
TI  - 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in the isolated rat lung: a potential marker
      of endothelial cell function.
AB  - The pulmonary vascular endothelial cell plays an important role in the uptake of
      circulating biogenic amines. In cultured adrenomedullary cells,
      metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and norepinephrine (NE) are taken up by the same
      sodium-dependent active transport system. To examine whether a similar process
      occurs in the lung, the mechanism of single pass 131I-MIBG accumulation was
      studied in rat lungs perfused with a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing
      4.5% bovine albumin. MIBG lung accumulation was measured as the percent
      extraction per g of lung tissue. In control experiments the extraction was 19.7
      +/- 2.3%/g (n = 38) using a perfusate containing 0.01 microM MIBG. MIBG
      accumulation was significantly depressed (% decrease from control) by: cold media
      at 4 degrees C (84%), 0.5 mM ouabain (67%), 10 microM imipramine (70%), 0.7
      microM serotonin (22%) and 40 mM K+ (48%). Pulmonary uptake of MIBG was
      characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km = 0.92 x 10(-6) M and Vmax = 2.09
      x 10(-9) moles/g per min). The addition of NE (0.5 microM) also altered MIBG
      uptake such that the Km and Vmax became 0.52 x 10(-6) M and 0.93 x 10(-9) moles/g
      per min, respectively. The results indicate that MIBG accumulation in the lung
      involves sodium-dependent, energy-requiring, active transport mechanisms similar
      to those known to exist for norepinephrine, and suggest that MIBG may be useful
      as a marker of pulmonary endothelial cell function.

PMID- 3371378
TI  - Increased 201Tl uptake by the chest wall following cardioversion.
AB  - A patient with acute inferior infarct is described who showed increased 201Tl
      uptake in the anterior chest wall following cardioversion which mimicked
      increased lung uptake of the tracer. The site of accumulation of 201Tl
      corresponded to that of 99mTc-pyrophosphate (PYP) and the right sided
      catheterization revealed almost normal hemodynamic data.

PMID- 3371379
TI  - Verapamil-induced carbamazepine neurotoxicity. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with signs of carbamazepine neurotoxicity after combined treatment
      with verapamil showed complete recovery after discontinuation of the calcium
      entry blocker. Use of verapamil in combination with carbamazepine should either
      be avoided or prescribed only with appropriate adjustment of the carbamazepine
      dose (usually reduction of the carbamazepine dose by one half).

PMID- 3371380
TI  - Transient global amnesia and stroke.
AB  - Four patients who experienced isolated transient global amnesia had computed
      tomographic evidence for a cerebral infarct (3 cases) or hemorrhage (1 case). The
      medial part of the temporal lobe was involved in 2 patients (left in 1, right in
      1), the left lentiform nucleus in 1 patient, and the left thalamus in 1 left
      handed patient. These findings suggest that transient global amnesia may be
      associated with stroke in some cases, but it has no localizing value within the
      temporodiencephalic structures. No cerebrovascular events occurred over a 1-to 5
      year follow-up, suggesting that transient global amnesia with infarction or
      hemorrhage is not a strong predictor of further stroke.

PMID- 3371381
TI  - Transient global amnesia: pathogenesis and prognosis.
AB  - Fifty-five patients admitted to hospital for 'pure' transient global amnesia
      (TGA) were studied and followed up for a period ranging from 12 to 67 months. The
      major pathogenetic theories of TGA (epileptic, thrombotic and migrainous) were
      investigated through the study of clinical histories and risk factors and the
      recurrences of neurological disturbances during follow-up. Seventy-one percent of
      the sample had one or more thrombotic risk factors (TRF), 2 patients had both TRF
      and a history of migraine, and none ever experienced a seizure. A computerized
      tomography (CT) scan was performed in 40 out of 55 patients to detect focal
      lesions: 3 patients (7.5%) had a lacuna in the deep structures of the brain. Over
      the follow-up period, 1 patient died from hepatic cirrhosis, 1 patient died from
      cerebral haemorrhage, 2 patients experienced transient ischaemic attacks and 3
      patients had a total of 4 TGA recurrences. Our conclusion is that TGA represents
      a benign form of transient ischaemic cerebral disease.

PMID- 3371382
TI  - Bleeding manifestations in 24 patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.
AB  - Focal or generalized hemorrhage is a commonly encountered complication in
      patients with many kinds of amyloidosis. We studied 24 patients (18 males, 6
      females) with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and found that five had
      experienced one or more bleeding episodes. In four of these five patients,
      bleeding occurred in the terminal stage. The incidence of hemorrhage in familial
      amyloidotic polyneuropathy is lower than that of other types of amyloidosis or
      that which has been reported in this disease. In our experience clotting
      abnormalities were rare; clotting factor deficiency appeared not to exist in
      familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3371384
TI  - Steroid treatment in acute ischaemic stroke. A comparative retrospective study of
      556 cases.
AB  - The files of 556 patients with a history of ischaemic stroke were reviewed. The
      disability and mortality rates were compared between 277 patients with a steroid
      treatment in the acute stage and 279 without. Comparison of the whole group
      showed that the steroid-treated patients had less improvement of their disability
      and a higher mortality rate than the non-steroid group. However, in the former
      more patients with a severe stroke were present. Statistical analysis of a subset
      of 208 patients with completed stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory
      showed no marked difference in the outcome and the adverse reactions between the
      steroid- and non-steroid-treated patients.

PMID- 3371383
TI  - Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with sleep apnea.
AB  - A rare case with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, in association with cerebellar
      ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation and alveolar hypoventilation
      syndrome with sleep apnea, as demonstrated by polysomnography, was encountered.
      This combination has not been described previously. From a prognostic point of
      view, alveolar hypoventilation syndrome with sleep apnea is an important clinical
      feature is this disease entity. Neither ataxia nor the abnormality of pyruvate
      metabolism was alleviated after 6 months of therapy with coenzyme Q10.

PMID- 3371385
TI  - Histological features of nerve fibers and endoneural vessels in a case of
      Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - A sural nerve biopsy obtained from a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis and
      overt clinical signs of polyneuropathy showed degenerative changes of both
      myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. The pathological aspects were those of an
      axonopathy. Endoneural vessels were also involved, showing changes either in the
      endothelial cells, which were thickened and enriched with organelles, or in the
      basal membrane, which was reduplicated and thicker than in the controls. There
      were no cellular infiltrates nor was there clear evidence of fibrosis in the
      vascular wall. We suggest that peripheral neuropathy in Wegener's granulomatosis
      could be secondary to endoneural vessel changes on the basis of a possible immune
      complex action.

PMID- 3371386
TI  - Diaphragmatic elevation in stroke.
AB  - We compared the relative elevations of the two diaphragms in the supine chest
      films of 62 patients with recent hemiparesis due to a supratentorial stroke with
      that of 92 acute coronary patients without neurologic disease. Patients with
      severe hemiparesis or lesions larger than 40 ml exhibited an excessive elevation
      of the diaphragm on the paretic side compared with controls. This finding was
      more common with lesions involving the genu of the internal capsule and/or the
      near anterolateral area. Measurement of the interdiaphragmatic elevation
      difference may give information on the location and/or size of the stroke.

PMID- 3371387
TI  - Early involvement of the nervous system by human immune deficiency virus (HIV). A
      study of 79 patients.
AB  - We report on 79 patients of different stages of human immune deficiency virus
      (HIV) infection according to the Walter-Reed staging classification (WR).
      Comparing the HIV antibody content per weight IgG in serum and cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF), 54 patients (68%) showed higher antibody activity in CSF than in
      serum, indicating intrathecal antibody production and thus a local challenge with
      the virus. The percentage of patients with these antibodies in CSF increased from
      stage WR 1 (33%) to WR 5 (90%). It decreased again in WR 6 (68%). Twenty-one
      patients with intrathecally produced antibodies but without evidence for
      opportunistic or preexistent neuropsychiatric diseases were further analyzed.
      Even in stages WR 1 and 2 these patients showed distinct clinical signs. These
      consisted mostly in apathic personality change (n = 13), peripheral neuropathy (n
      = 8) or mild hemisyndrome (n = 9). Progression to severe dementia solely caused
      by HIV encephalitis seems to be possible. More often acceleration of the mental
      disorder indicates a synergistic action of other pathogens. Our study gives
      further evidence for very frequent, early and clinically active involvement of
      the nervous system by the HIV infection.

PMID- 3371388
TI  - Metoprolol in a new multiple-unit controlled-release formation-- metoprolol CR.
      Clinical pharmacology and clinical aspects.

PMID- 3371389
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of a new controlled-release
      formulation of metoprolol with a traditional slow-release formulation.
AB  - The plasma concentration-time profile and haemodynamic effects of metoprolol
      after the administration of metoprolol CR (a new multiple-unit controlled-release
      formulation) and metoprolol SR (a traditional slow-release formulation) once
      daily, were investigated in 12 healthy men. Data were collected over one 24-h
      dose interval at steady state after five days of treatment. The study was a
      randomized, three-way, cross-over comparison of metoprolol CR, 100 mg, metoprolol
      SR, 100 mg, and placebo. The reduction in exercise heart rate in relation to
      placebo treatment was used as a measure of beta 1-blockade. The metoprolol plasma
      concentration-time profile during treatment with metoprolol CR was smooth and
      uniform, showing a more controlled release profile than that obtained with
      metoprolol SR. This was demonstrated by the significantly longer time period
      during which the plasma concentration exceeded 75% of the maximum concentration
      (T75), for metoprolol CR compared with metoprolol SR (p less than 0.05). The
      percentage peak-trough fluctuation in plasma metoprolol concentration was
      significantly smaller for metoprolol CR than for metoprolol SR (p less than
      0.001). These pharmacokinetic differences between metoprolol CR and metoprolol SR
      produced a different duration of clinically relevant beta 1-blockade, defined as
      a reduction in exercise heart rate of greater than 10%. By this definition
      metoprolol CR was still effective in seven subjects and metoprolol SR in two
      subjects 24 h after dosing. The percentage peak-trough fluctuation in exercise
      heart rate over the dose interval was significantly smaller for metoprolol CR
      than for metoprolol SR (p less than 0.001), thus demonstrating a more even beta 1
      blockade with metoprolol CR.

PMID- 3371390
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of controlled-release metoprolol: a
      comparison with atenolol.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release (CR)
      formulation of metoprolol have been compared with those of atenolol. Metoprolol
      CR (100 mg and 200 mg), atenolol (50 mg and 100 mg) and placebo were each given
      once daily for four days in a double-blind, cross-over study to ten healthy men.
      The plasma concentration-time profiles were more even with metoprolol CR than
      with atenolol over the 24-h dose interval, shown by the lower fluctuation ratio
      and the longer time period during which the plasma concentration exceeded 50% of
      the maximum concentration. All four active treatment regimens reduced exercise
      heart rate over the 24-h period compared with placebo. However, the reduction in
      both exercise heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was more even with
      metoprolol CR than with atenolol. The remaining beta 1-blockade after 24 h,
      expressed as the percentage reduction in exercise heart rate in relation to
      placebo, was significantly greater after the administration of metoprolol CR, 200
      mg, than after either dose of atenolol. At this time the beta 1-blockade with
      metoprolol CR, 100 mg, was similar to that with atenolol, 100 mg. At peak plasma
      concentrations, 4 h after the dose, the subjects experienced less fatigue during
      exercise with metoprolol CR than with atenolol.

PMID- 3371391
TI  - Design of a new multiple-unit controlled-release formulation of metoprolol-
      metoprolol CR.
AB  - A new controlled-release (CR) formulation of the beta 1-selective adrenoceptor
      antagonist metoprolol has been developed, aiming at an even 24-h pharmacological
      effect. In order to achieve this, using a once-daily dose, factors such as
      absorption characteristics, physicochemical properties, and technological aspects
      had to be considered. The new formulation, called metoprolol CR, is a
      disintegrating tablet consisting of several hundred coated pellets of metoprolol
      succinate, each pellet being its own CR delivery unit. In vitro testing and in
      vivo studies in healthy volunteers show that the new CR formulation gives
      continuous delivery of metoprolol throughout the day, resulting in smooth plasma
      concentration profiles, without peaks and troughs. The release of the drug is
      independent of pH and other physiological variables, such as food intake, which
      do not seem to alter the biopharmaceutical properties of the formulation.

PMID- 3371392
TI  - Effect of controlled-release metoprolol on blood pressure and exercise heart rate
      in hypertension: a comparison with conventional tablets.
AB  - In a double-blind study with parallel groups a new controlled-release (CR)
      formulation of metoprolol, 100 mg once daily, was compared with conventional
      metoprolol tablets, 100 mg once daily, in 27 patients with primary hypertension.
      Exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer were undertaken 24 h after intake of the
      last dose of the drug following a four-week placebo run-in period and after four
      weeks of active treatment. Heart rate, measured in the supine position and during
      exercise at the highest comparable workload, was reduced significantly more by
      metoprolol CR (p less than 0.05), thus indicating a higher degree of beta 1
      blockade at the end of the dose interval with metoprolol CR. There was a greater
      reduction in supine systolic pressure (p less than 0.05) but not in supine
      diastolic pressure after metoprolol CR than after conventional tablets at 24 h.
      There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to
      reduction in systolic blood pressure during exercise. The 24-h plasma
      concentrations of metoprolol CR and conventional tablets correlated with the
      effects on heart rate, but not with blood pressure. The tolerability of
      metoprolol CR was comparable with that of metoprolol administered as conventional
      tablets. In conclusion, there was significantly greater beta 1-blockade 24 h
      after the intake of drug after metoprolol CR compared with conventional tablets.

PMID- 3371393
TI  - Efficacy and tolerability of a new controlled-release formulation of metoprolol:
      a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets in mild to moderate
      hypertension.
AB  - In a double-blind study with parallel groups 195 hypertensive patients were
      randomly allocated to treatment with either conventional tablets of metoprolol,
      100 mg once daily, or a new controlled-release (CR) formulation of metoprolol,
      100 mg once daily. The dose was doubled if the patient's diastolic blood pressure
      remained greater than or equal to 95 mmHg after six weeks on 100 mg, whereas well
      controlled patients continued on 100 mg once daily for a further six-week period.
      In the metoprolol tablet group the 200 mg dose was administered in the form of
      Durules. There was a significant reduction from the placebo baseline in systolic
      and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at 24 h after both six weeks and 12
      weeks of active treatment; no significant difference in the mean reduction from
      baseline between the two groups was demonstrated. However, significantly more
      patients responded to treatment with metoprolol CR when compared with those
      patients taking metoprolol tablets. After six weeks of active treatment 61% of
      the metoprolol CR group and 56% of the conventional metoprolol tablet group had a
      diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mmHg. After another six weeks the
      corresponding figures were 83% and 69% respectively. Between week 6 and 12, 36%
      of patients in the metoprolol CR group and 42% of patients in the conventional
      metoprolol tablet group were receiving a 200 mg dose. All formulations of
      metoprolol were well-tolerated. Fewer subjective symptoms were reported during
      active treatment than during the placebo phase. There were no differences between
      the groups with regard to changes in laboratory variables from baseline, changes
      in all combined symptoms, or changes in any one symptom.

PMID- 3371394
TI  - The antianginal efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release metoprolol once
      daily: a comparison with conventional metoprolol tablets twice daily.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study treatment with a new controlled
      release (CR) preparation of metoprolol, given once daily, was compared with
      treatment with conventional metoprolol tablets, given twice daily, in 115
      patients with stable effort angina pectoris. The patients were treated with 100
      mg/day or 200 mg/day, depending on their previous beta-blocker dose. Antianginal
      efficacy was estimated by counting the number of anginal attacks, by noting the
      consumption of nitroglycerin tablets, and by exercise tolerance testing. Adverse
      effects were recorded by a standardized questionnaire. When all patients were
      analysed together there were no differences in antianginal efficacy between the
      two treatment regimens. However, when the group taking 200 mg daily was analysed
      separately better exercise tolerance was found during metoprolol CR therapy, as
      measured by onset of chest pain and ST-segment change, compared with conventional
      metoprolol therapy. The two formulations were well tolerated. When given once
      daily in a total daily dose of 100 mg, the CR preparation induced less adverse
      effects than the conventional tablets, 50 mg twice daily. It was concluded that
      the new metoprolol CR preparation, given once daily, possesses the same
      antianginal efficacy as conventional metoprolol tablets, given twice daily, and
      may be better tolerated in patients susceptible to side-effects. The antianginal
      effect of metoprolol CR, 200 mg/day, may be greater over 24 h than that produced
      by conventional metoprolol tablets, 100 mg twice daily.

PMID- 3371395
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new controlled-release
      formulation of metoprolol: a comparison with conventional tablets.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new multiple-unit,
      controlled-release (CR) formulation of metoprolol (metoprolol succinate, 95 mg
      once daily), which has almost constant (zero-order) release properties over most
      of a 24-h dose interval, have been compared with those of conventional metoprolol
      tablets (metoprolol tartrate, 100 mg once daily and 50 mg twice daily), in 12
      healthy male volunteers. The steady-state plasma concentrations of metoprolol
      after five days of treatment varied less throughout the day with the CR than with
      the conventional formulation. This was associated with a considerably lower peak
      plasma concentration and the achievement of a significantly higher plasma
      concentration at the end of the dose interval. Similarly, the effect on exercise
      induced tachycardia was maintained at a relatively constant level throughout the
      day after treatment with the CR formulation. A significantly greater effect 24 h
      after administration was achieved with the CR formulation, when compared with
      once-daily dosing with metoprolol tablets, 100 mg. Twice-daily dosing with
      metoprolol tablets, 50 mg, produced a similar beta 1-blocking effect at the end
      of the dose interval to that observed with metoprolol CR. Although the steady
      state plasma concentrations indicated significantly lower systemic availability
      for the CR formulation, compared with both regimens of metoprolol tablets, the
      total effect over the dose interval, expressed as the area under the efficacy
      curve (AUEC), was similar for the three treatments. The relationship between
      steady-state plasma concentrations and the pharmacodynamic efficacy at
      corresponding times, indicated that plasma concentrations were more effectively
      utilized after the administration of the CR formulation than after the
      conventional tablet regimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371396
TI  - Effect of different Ca2+ entry blockers on dopamine-induced inhibition of in
      vitro prolactin secretion.
AB  - The organic Ca2+ entry blockers nimodipine, verapamil, flunarizine and diltiazem
      belong to different chemical classes but antagonized, at the concentrations of 1
      and 10 microM, the inhibitory effect exerted by 1-10 microM dopamine on in vitro
      prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland. The results suggest a close
      functional interaction between Ca2+ entry blockers and the dopamine receptors
      involved in the inhibition of prolactin secretion.

PMID- 3371397
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of AHR 5360C.
AB  - We used microelectrode and blood superfusion techniques to study the cardiac
      electrophysiologic effects of a new drug, AHR 5360C, which has antihypertensive
      and calcium channel blocking properties in several experimental models. AHR
      5360C, 10(-7) M significantly depressed the amplitude of the slow response action
      potential in canine Purkinje fibers. The fast response action potential was also
      depressed in a dose-dependent fashion, but with a threshold concentration of 5 X
      10(-6) M. AHR 5360C decreased normal automaticity and barium-induced abnormal
      automaticity at concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M respectively, as well
      as ouabain-induced delayed afterdepolarizations at a threshold concentration of
      10(-6) M. In blood superfusion studies; i.v. administration of AHR 5360C, 0.3
      mg/kg, significantly reduced blood pressure. Doses of 1.0 mg/kg induced a high
      degree of A-V block, further reduction of blood pressure, and no physiological
      changes in heart rate and in the blood superfused fibers. In conclusion, AHR
      5360C has calcium blocking properties that depress A-V conduction at
      concentrations that do not affect the sodium-dependent fast response action
      potential.

PMID- 3371398
TI  - Effects of chronic smoke exposure on the cardiovascular responses to acute
      nicotine infusion in the rat.
AB  - Rats were exposed daily to cigarette smoke for 17-22 weeks in order to
      characterize mean arterial pressure and regional hemodynamic effects of chronic
      smoke exposure and to determine if cardiovascular reactivity to acute nicotine
      infusions is altered by chronic smoke exposure. Urethane-anesthetized animals
      were instrumented with miniaturized pulsed-Doppler flow probes on the iliac and
      mesenteric vascular beds. Under resting conditions sham-smoked and smoke-exposed
      animals had similar levels of mean arterial pressure and mesenteric blood flow;
      however, resting heart rate was lower in the smoke-exposed group, while iliac
      blood flow was elevated in the smoke-exposed group. Acute nicotine infusion
      (6.25, 12.5 and 25 micrograms/kg per min) produced equivalent, dose-dependent
      pressor effects as well as increases in iliac and mesenteric resistance in sham
      and smoke-exposed groups. Thus, chronic cigarette smoke-exposure in rats may
      exert significant cardiovascular effects other than on arterial pressure such as
      lowered heart rate and elevated blood flow to skeletal muscle beds, while
      cardiovascular responses to nicotine are not altered by chronic smoke-exposure.

PMID- 3371399
TI  - Effects of neuropeptide Y on canine cerebral circulation.
AB  - The effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the vascular tone of isolated cerebral
      arteries and vertebral blood flow (VBF) were studied in dogs. NPY elicited a dose
      dependent contraction of arteries derived from the brain with ED50 values of 2 nM
      for the middle cerebral and basilar arteries. Arteries from the neck did not
      respond to NPY. Intra-arterial administration of NPY as a bolus reduced the VBF
      dose dependently, with no significant alteration of mean arterial blood pressure
      and heart rate. The decrease in VBF developed slowly and had a long duration,
      which was consistent with the observations made in vitro. NPY suppressed the
      contractile effect of noradrenaline (NA) on isolated cerebral arteries and
      pretreatment with NPY suppressed the effect of NA on VBF, indicating that NPY
      contributes to the inhibitory modulation of postsynaptic adrenergic mechanisms.
      These findings suggest that NPY could have a role in the regulation of cerebral
      circulation.

PMID- 3371400
TI  - Psychotropic effects of ginseng saponins on agonistic behavior between resident
      and intruder mice.
AB  - The psychotropic actions of crude ginseng saponins, pure ginsenoside Rb1 (GS-Rb1)
      and ginsenoside Rg1 (GS-Rg1) obtained from the root of Panax ginseng, were
      evaluated from their effects on agonistic behavior in mice. A resident-intruder
      test situation was used. When the resident mouse was treated with crude ginseng
      saponins (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p.), aggressive episodes (offensive sideways
      posture and attack bite) were significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent
      manner. However, the agonistic behavior was not altered when the intruder was
      treated with crude ginseng saponins. GS-Rb1 (2.5, 5 ad 10 mg/kg i.p.) also
      significantly suppressed aggressive episodes when given to the resident, whereas
      GS-Rg1 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.) was ineffective. Neither GS-Rb1 nor GS-Rg1
      given to the intruder caused any significant changes in the behavior of the
      resident. Although the highest dose of crude ginseng saponins suppressed
      locomotion frequency, it appears that both crude ginseng saponins and GS-Rb1
      possess a specific psychotropic action on agonistic behavior.

PMID- 3371401
TI  - Kinetics of the interaction of sertraline with the human platelet plasma membrane
      5-hydroxytryptamine carrier.
AB  - Sertraline, a new selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor showed a mixed pattern of
      inhibition of human platelet 5-HT uptake with a Ki value of 2.5 nM and K'i value
      of 25 nM. Imipramine and alaproclate were found to be fully competitive
      inhibitors of 5-HT uptake with Ki values of 8 and 130 nM respectively. Sertraline
      was a fully competitive inhibitor of high-affinity [3H]imipramine binding to
      platelet membranes with a Ki value of 1.3 nM, as was alaproclate and 5-HT with Ki
      values of 170 and 800 nM respectively. Both sertraline and imipramine, at a
      concentration of 10 microM caused a fast monophasic dissociation of
      [3H]imipramine from platelet membranes in contrast to serotonin which caused a
      slow monophasic dissociation.

PMID- 3371402
TI  - The cholecystokinin antagonist L-364,718 inhibits the action of cholecystokinin
      but not bombesin on rat pancreatic secretion in vivo.
AB  - The action of an antagonist of peripheral CCK receptors, L-364,718 on CCK8 and
      bombesin-induced pancreatic exocrine secretion was studied in anaesthetized rats.
      Both CCK8 and bombesin increased the rate of flow and rate of enzyme secretion
      from the pancreas. Intravenous L-364,718 inhibited the actions of CCK8, but not
      those of bombesin. It is concluded that bombesin acts on the exocrine pancreas
      directly rather than through the release of CCK.

PMID- 3371403
TI  - N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 is a potent constrictor of rat mesenteric vessels.
AB  - N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4 administered to conscious freely moving rats produced a
      dose-dependent vasoconstriction in the mesenteric vessels which led to profound
      reduction of blood flow to the gut. Renal and hindquarter blood flow and vascular
      resistance were not affected even by high doses of N-Acetyl-leukotriene E4. N
      Acetyl-leukotriene E4 was 10-fold more potent than the thromboxane analog U-46619
      and 1000-fold more potent than prostaglandin F2 alpha but 2-5-fold less potent
      than leukotriene D4/E4 to induce mesenteric vasoconstriction. These data indicate
      that N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 is a biologically active metabolite of peptide
      leukotrienes, and might play a role in cardiovascular derangements mediated by
      leukotrienes.

PMID- 3371404
TI  - Antagonism of antinociception in mice by glucose and fructose: comparison of
      subcutaneous and intrathecal morphine.
AB  - Determination of the ED50s of glucose and fructose, administered i.p., for
      antagonizing the antinociceptive action of morphine (4 mg/kg s.c. or 0.5
      micrograms i.t.) and determination of the ED50s for i.t. morphine after i.p.
      pretreatment with saline, glucose (5 g/kg) or fructose (5 g/kg) in the mouse tail
      flick test indicated that fructose was more potent than glucose in antagonizing
      antinociception after either route or morphine administration. It is concluded
      that the antagonism of morphine-induced antinociception by glucose and fructose
      is due to a direct effect of these sugars or their metabolic products within the
      central nervous system.

PMID- 3371405
TI  - [3H]yohimbine and [3H]idazoxan bind to different sites on rabbit forebrain and
      kidney membranes.
AB  - The binding of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligands [3H]yohimbine and [3H]idazoxan to
      rabbit kidney and forebrain membranes was compared. The maximum number of
      [3H]yohimbine binding sites was higher than the number of [3H]idazoxan binding
      sites in forebrain and lower in kidney. Large differences were observed in the
      ability of noradrenaline, adrenaline, idazoxan, rauwolscine, yohimbine and WY
      26392 to displace [3H]yohimbine and [3H]idazoxan from their binding sites. These
      data suggest that [3H]idazoxan and [3H]yohimbine bind to different sites on
      rabbit tissue membranes.

PMID- 3371406
TI  - Differential localization of particulate cAMP binding proteins and forskolin
      sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat brain.

PMID- 3371407
TI  - Characterisation of the ATP4- receptor that mediates permeabilisation of rat mast
      cells.
AB  - ATP (as the tetrabasic acid, ATP4-) applied externally to rat mast cells causes
      the formation of lesions which permit influx and efflux of low molecular weight,
      normally impermeant aqueous solutes. To monitor membrane permeabilisation we have
      used two fluorescent dyes, ethidium which stains the nucleus, and TMA-DPH which
      stains the cytosolic surfaces of intracellular membranes following entry into the
      cells Permeabilisation by ATP is not affected by the metabolic status of the
      cells, and is maintained at temperatures as low as 8 degrees C. We have tested
      the ability of 30 structural analogues of ATP to effect mast cell
      permeabilisation. The analogues include those having substituents in the 2- and 8
      positions of the purine ring, structural and optical isomers of the ribose sugar,
      and variations in the triphosphate chain. The pattern of selectivity displayed by
      the rat mast cell ATP4- receptor is distinct from those characteristic of the P1
      purinoceptor for adenosine and the P2X and P2Y purinoceptors for adenine
      nucleotides.

PMID- 3371408
TI  - Adenosine 5'-(2-fluorodiphosphate) is a selective agonist at P2-purinoceptors
      mediating relaxation of smooth muscle.
AB  - The pharmacological effects of ATP and of an adenine nucleotide analogue,
      adenosine 5'-(2-fluorodiphosphate) (ADP-beta-F) on various guinea-pig isolated
      smooth muscle preparations were investigated. ATP relaxed the taenia coli and the
      aorta, and contracted the urinary bladder and vas deferens. ADP-beta-F mimicked
      the effects of ATP on the taenia coli and aorta, but did not contract the bladder
      or vas deferens. The lack of potency of ADP-beta-F on the bladder was not due to
      its rapid degradation by ectonucleotidases, as it was degraded more slowly than
      ATP by both the bladder and the taenia coli. These results are consistent with
      the suggestion that the P2-purinoceptors mediating contraction of smooth muscle
      (P2X) are different from those mediating inhibitory effects (P2Y), and suggest
      that ADP-beta-F is a specific agonist at the P2Y-purinoceptor.

PMID- 3371409
TI  - Labeling of A1 adenosine receptors in porcine atria with the antagonist
      radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine.
AB  - We have used the antagonist radioligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine to
      label adenosine recognition sites in porcine atrial membranes. 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3
      [3H]dipropylxanthine bound saturably, reversibly and with high affinity to an
      apparently homogeneous population of recognition sites with a Bmax of 32.0 +/-
      0.9 fmol/mg protein and a KD of 0.394 +/- 0.049 nM. Prototypic adenosine receptor
      agonists inhibited the specific binding of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine
      in a manner consistent with the labeling of an A1 adenosine receptor. 8
      Cyclopentyl-1,3-[3H]dipropylxanthine appears to be a valuable antagonist
      radioligand for the characterization of cardiac adenosine receptors.

PMID- 3371410
TI  - 5-HT1D receptor-mediated inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase
      activity in calf substantia nigra.

PMID- 3371411
TI  - Central gastric antisecretory action of adenosine in the rat.
AB  - The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered adenosine and some
      of its analogues on gastric secretion were studied in rats. The compounds
      inhibited the gastric output of acid, pepsin and fluid in pylorus-ligated rats in
      a dose-dependent manner with an order of potency: 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
      (NECA) greater than (-)N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) greater than (+)N6
      phenylisopropyladenosine (S-PIA) greater than adenosine. Pretreatment with 10 and
      30 mg/kg of theophylline i.v. or 5 mg/kg of 8-phenyltheophylline s.c. did not
      modify the antisecretory effect of 0.1 microgram of NECA i.c.v. NECA injected
      i.c.v. did not affect the secretion induced by carbachol in awake rats subjected
      to vagotomy or in anaesthetized rats with intact vagi. NECA i.c.v. had no effect
      on the serum concentration of gastrin. The depletion of brain monoamines
      (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) with 6-OHDA i.c.v. significantly
      attenuated the inhibitory action of NECA. Pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of naloxone
      i.v. or indomethacin s.c. did not modify the antisecretory effect of NECA. The
      results indicate that adenosine inhibits gastric secretion in rats by a decrease
      in the stimulatory vagal impulses to the stomach, and that it acts in the brain
      via receptors insensitive to xanthines. Brain biogenic monoamines, but not opioid
      peptides or prostaglandins seem to be involved in the central gastric
      antisecretory action of adenosine.

PMID- 3371412
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic motility of stomach
      and small intestine.
AB  - Stimulation of the sectioned cervical vagal nerve of anaesthetized cats (ether
      chloralose), pretreated with guanethidine and atropine, in the peripheral
      direction produced gastric relaxation as well as jejunal and ileal contraction.
      The administration of indomethacin markedly enhanced intestinal tone and the
      amplitude of spontaneous phasic activity while the basal gastric motility was
      essentially unchanged. This suggests that endogenous prostaglandins exert an
      inhibitory influence on intestinal motility. The vagally induced gastric
      relaxation was significantly inhibited by indomethacin, with could suggest that
      prostaglandins modulate non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory
      neurotransmission in the stomach.

PMID- 3371413
TI  - Triiodothyronine and thyroxine in human, cow's and formula milk.
AB  - Triiodothyronine concentration in extracted human, cow's and formula milk was
      measured. The highest concentration (mean +/- SD = 1.56 +/- 1.34 nmol/l) was
      found in cow's milk and lowest (0.99 +/- 0.38 nmol/l) in formula milk. Thyroxine
      was not detected in any sample of milk. The scatter of obtained values for T3 was
      highest also in cow's milk. It seems possible that milk from same cows may to
      certain extense mitigate neonatal hypothyreoidism.

PMID- 3371414
TI  - Relationships between milk levels of hormones and growth or puberty of offspring
      in mice.
AB  - Milk levels of prolactin, growth hormone (GH) or progesterone on days 12-13 of
      lactation and their relationships with the growth or the puberty of offspring
      were examined in primiparous SHN mice. Milk prolactin level had negative
      correlations with the body weights on days 12 and 20, the growth rate between
      days 0 and 20 or the age and the body weight at vaginal opening of offspring.
      There was a significant correlation between milk GH level and the growth rate
      between days 0 and 12 of offspring. A positive correlation was also found between
      milk progesterone level and the age at vaginal opening. These results suggest
      that hormones in milk would have effects on the growth or the puberty of
      offspring.

PMID- 3371415
TI  - Influence of microinjection of corticosterone into hippocampus on hepatic acetate
      metabolism in rabbits.
AB  - Corticosterone was injected directly into the hippocampus of rabbits, and changes
      in hepatic acetate metabolism were studied. The microinjection of corticosterone
      with seasame oil into hippocampus decreased the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1
      acetate into CO2 and free cholesterol, and increased 14C transfer into glucose,
      ketone bodies, triglyceride, free fatty acids and phospholipids. But after
      microinjection of corticosterone into the hippocampus of rabbits with lesions of
      dorsal fornix, hepatic acetate metabolism did not differ from that of control
      rabbits, which received injection of seasame oil into the same brain region. From
      these results it might be suggested that the hippocampus is a part of
      corticosterone-sensitive brain regulator system in the hepatic acetate
      metabolism.

PMID- 3371416
TI  - Somatomedin-C in active and successfully treated acromegaly.
AB  - Sm-C concentrations in serum were found significantly different in either active
      acromegaly or following successful treatment with pituitary adenomectomy.
      Although after normalization of serum GH the Sm-C levels sometimes exceeded the
      normal range no overlap was found between both groups. Exceptionally two
      acromegalic patients showed elevated Sm-C levels in spite of normal GH values.
      Likewise, a high Sm-C concentration was found in one patient suspective of
      ectopic GH secretion with only moderately elevated serum GH. Sm-C determinations
      are judged as a good adjunct to usual diagnostic methods which in special cases
      of acromegaly can be even superior to measurements of serum GH.

PMID- 3371417
TI  - Vasopressin and oxytocin neurohypophysial content under conditions of beta
      adrenergic blockade in euhydrated and dehydrated rats: further studies.
AB  - Rats euhydrated and dehydrated for two days were given intracerebroventricularly
      (i.c.v.) propranolol hydrochloride in a daily dose of 10 micrograms. In
      euhydrated rats the single dose of propranolol diminished significantly the
      vasopressin and oxytocin content in the neurohypophysis. On the contrary, in
      animals dehydrated for two days the depletion of the vasopressin and oxytocin
      neurohypophysial storage was distinctly less marked during i.c.v. treatment with
      propranolol.

PMID- 3371418
TI  - Effects of pituitary grafting on plasma and milk levels of prolactin, growth
      hormone and progesterone in mice.
AB  - Plasma and milk levels of prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and progesterone on days
      12-13 of lactation were compared between C3H/He female mice grafted with
      isologous anterior pituitaries each under the kidney capsules 2-3 days after
      placing with males and intact controls. At the 1st lactation, both plasma and
      milk levels of prolactin were higher in the experimental mice than in the
      control, however, at the 2nd lactation, milk prolactin level of the former
      decreased to about 1/8 of that of the latter, whereas plasma prolactin level
      further elevated in the former. While plasma GH level was increased by pituitary
      grafting, milk GH level was slightly affected by the treatment at either the 1st
      or the 2nd lactation. There was only a small difference between the experimental
      and the control groups in either plasma or milk level of progesterone at the 1st
      and the 2nd lactations. Progesterone levels in plasma and milk were higher at the
      1st lactation than at the 2nd lactation in both the experimental and the control
      groups. These results suggest that the transfer of plasma hormones into milk is
      not always free, but there may be any regulatory mechanism(s) in this process.

PMID- 3371419
TI  - Effect of short-term estrogen administration on some parameters of lipoprotein
      metabolism in male rabbits.
AB  - A follow-up of short-term administration of estrogens on certain parameters of
      the lipid metabolism in male rabbits has revealed significant changes in the
      distribution pattern of their cholesterol in the LDL (decline from 0.5 +/- 0.05
      to 0.25 +/- 0.04 mmol l-1) and in the HDL fraction (increase from 0.22 +/- 0.02
      to 0.5 +/- 0.02 mmol l-1), as also a striking increase of serum triglycerides
      (from 0.85 +/- 0.1 to 1.52 +/- 0.12 mmol l-1) and of triglyceride concentration
      in the VLDL lipoprotein fraction (from 0.09 +/- 0.06 to 0.65 +/- 0.11 mmol l-1)
      (P less than 0.05). The changes in the remaining indicators are not significant.
      The results obtained make it clear that even a short-term administration of
      estrogens significantly affects the lipoprotein profile in male rabbits, making
      it similar to that of females.

PMID- 3371420
TI  - A comparison of the rate of DNA synthesis in myeloblasts from peripheral blood
      and bone marrows of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Durations of S-phase (Ts) and total cell cycle times (Tc) were measured from the
      peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow aspirates (BM) of five patients with acute
      nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Intravenous bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used as
      the first label for S-phase cells and a monoclonal anti-BrdU antibody was used to
      detect the positive cells. Tritiated thymidine [( 3H]Tdr) was used as a second
      label in vitro, and the Ts was calculated by counting the number of cells labeled
      either by BrdU or by [3H]Tdr or by both. Our data demonstrate that the duration
      of S-phase in myeloblasts obtained from BM is quite similar to that of
      circulating leukemic cells. Finally, the most accurate assessment of percentage
      of myeloblasts actively engaged in DNA synthesis can be obtained only from bone
      marrow biopsies following in vivo labeling.

PMID- 3371421
TI  - Variation in the relative synthesis of some proteins in mammalian cells exposed
      to hypertonic medium.
AB  - Exposure of a number of quiescent murine and human cell lines to low-graded doses
      of cycloheximide (CXM) results in a pattern of protein synthesis consisting of
      enhanced and induced species. This pattern is reminiscent of but not identical to
      that observed after several stress treatments [V. Sorrentino et al. (1985) J.
      Cell. Physiol. 125, 313]. A pattern identical to that seen after exposure to CXM
      is synthesized when cells are exposed to an hypertonic growth medium resulting in
      a full and reversible block of the initiation of polypeptide chain. This suggests
      that this kind of response is triggered by a reduction of overall protein
      synthesis rather than by a slow-down of the elongation step. Analysis of the
      synthesis of histones and ribosomal proteins during these two nonphysiological
      treatments (CXM or high salt) shows that these classes of proteins are neither
      stimulated nor preferentially retained. In contrast, greatly enhanced levels of
      steady-state histone mRNAs have been observed which have been translated in a
      reticulocyte lysate system, but are not apparently translated in vivo.

PMID- 3371422
TI  - Inhibition of protein synthesis by diphtheria toxin induces a peculiar pattern of
      synthesized protein species.
AB  - The irreversible inhibition of overall protein synthesis induced by diphtheria
      toxin in mammalian cells is accompanied by a peculiar pattern of synthesized
      protein species during the early stages of cell intoxication. This pattern
      closely resembles patterns of synthesized protein species observed in cells
      treated with reversible inhibitors of protein synthesis acting at different
      levels. Synthesized proteins are in the Mr range of 70-100 and 20-40 kDa. A 50
      kDa protein, the most represented species, exhibits a peptide map identical to
      that of the 50-kDa species observed in cells treated with cycloheximide and
      hypertonic medium. The synthesis of these proteins is apparently regulated at
      both transcriptional and translational levels.

PMID- 3371423
TI  - How is the flagellar length of mature sperm determined? I. Comparison of
      flagellar growth in spermatids between newt and Xenopus in vitro.
AB  - The kinetics of flagellar growth in round spermatids were compared between
      Xenopus laevis and Cynops pyrrhogaster in vitro, the latter of which has about 13
      times longer flagella in mature sperm than the former. In both species, more than
      90% of the spermatids derived from marked primary spermatocytes grew flagella. In
      Xenopus the average flagellar length increased to 28 microns by the 6th day and
      then stopped growth, while in the newt, flagellar growth did not stop until
      reaching 107 microns in average on the 10th day. Maximal length was 36-38 microns
      in Xenopus and 187 microns in the newt. Two major differences in kinetics of
      flagellar growth were found between the two species. First, the initial rate of
      growth in the newt was about double the rate in Xenopus. Second, the period of
      flagellar growth in the newt (10 days) was also about double the period in
      Xenopus (5-6 days). Actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) had no inhibitory effect on
      flagellar growth in either species, whereas cycloheximide (10 microM) inhibited
      flagellar growth by more than 80% in both species. These results indicate that
      translational control presumably of flagellar protein synthesis plays an
      important role in flagellar growth in both species and in the difference in
      flagellar length in spermatids between Xenopus and newt.

PMID- 3371424
TI  - Binding, uptake, and transcytosis of ligands for mannose-specific receptors in
      rat liver: an electron microscopic study.
AB  - We have investigated the initial distribution of mannose-specific binding sites
      in rat liver as well as the uptake and transcytosis pathways of ligands for this
      receptor in in situ and in vivo experiments. As ligands we used mannan adsorbed
      onto colloidal gold particles of sizes 5, 17, and 35 nm (Man-Au5, Man-Au17, or
      Man-Au35). The in situ binding pattern of Man-Au5 in the prefixed liver is
      identical to the one described earlier for galactose-exposing ligands in the same
      organ. With the exception of the binding by hepatocytes, where only scarce
      binding of Man-Au5 was observed, ligands were found adhering in a preclustered
      pattern all over the cell surface of liver macrophages and binding in aggregates
      over the coated pits of endothelial cells. In double-labeling experiments
      different particle sizes were used for glycoproteins with terminal mannosyl or
      galactosyl residues. This simultaneous localization of the two binding activities
      revealed that on endothelial cells the two activities are always found to be
      present in the same coated pit. On liver macrophages the clustered binding
      occurred at different membrane areas. Uptake and transcytosis of Man-Au5, 17, 35
      were studied after their injection into the tail vein. Three and fifteen minutes
      after injection most of the Man-Au5 and all of Man-Au17 or Man-Au35 was found in
      sinusoidal liver cells, i.e., macrophages and endothelial cells. One hour after
      injection, endocytosed ligand is redistributed from large--presumably lysosomal-
      vacuoles to small noncoated vesicles that are localized predominantly near the
      space of Disse. Between 1 and 40 h after injection, ligands of all sizes are
      transcytosed and found in the hepatocytes. No ligand accumulation is observed in
      hepatocytes as an indirect indication for secretion into bile. With this
      investigation we give evidence for transcytotic activity not only of liver
      endothelium but also of the resident liver macrophages.

PMID- 3371425
TI  - Evidence that transferrin supports cell proliferation by supplying iron for DNA
      synthesis.
AB  - Transferrin is essential for cell proliferation and it was suggested that it may
      trigger a proliferative response following its interaction with receptors,
      serving as a growth factor. However, since the only clearly defined function of
      transferrin is iron transport, it may merely serve as an iron donor. To further
      clarify this issue, we took advantage of an iron chelate, ferric salicylaldehyde
      isonicotinoyl hydrazone (Fe-SIH), which we developed and previously demonstrated
      to efficiently supply iron to cells without using physiological transferrin
      receptor pathway. As expected, we observed that blocking monoclonal antibodies
      against transferrin receptors inhibited proliferation of both Raji and murine
      erythroleukemia cells. This inhibited cell growth was rescued upon the addition
      of Fe-SIH which was also shown to deliver iron to Raji cells in the presence of
      blocking anti-transferrin receptor antibodies. Moreover, blocking anti
      transferrin receptor antibodies inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA
      and this inhibition could be overcome by added Fe-SIH. In addition, Fe-SIH
      slightly stimulated, while SIH (an iron chelator) significantly inhibited, DNA
      synthesis in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Taken
      together, these results indicate that the only function of transferrin in
      supporting cell proliferation is to supply cells with iron.

PMID- 3371426
TI  - Detection of membrane lectins on the surface of hemopoietic progenitor cells and
      their changing pattern during differentiation.
AB  - To probe for the presence of membrane lectins on hemopoietic progenitors capable
      of reacting with specific sugars, we synthesized a group of neoglycoprotein
      reagents by covalently binding biologically relevant monosaccharides to bovine
      serum albumin (BSA). These reagents were incubated with marrow cells that were
      subsequently agglutinated on a layer of BSA. The concentrations of various
      progenitor cells were determined in agglutinated and nonagglutinated fractions
      using standard clonal assays. Spleen colony-forming units, mixed lineage colony
      forming units, and colony-forming units in culture were preferentially
      agglutinated by galactosyl- and mannosyl-BSA, but not by fucosyl-BSA, indicating
      the presence of membrane lectins on the surface of these cells with galactosyl
      and mannosyl specificities. Differentiation in the erythroid direction was
      associated first with the loss of galactosyl-recognizing system so that erythroid
      burst-forming units demonstrated only mannosyl-recognizing system. Further
      differentiation into erythroid colony-forming units was associated with the loss
      of mannosyl-reacting system as well but the development of a new fucosyl-reacting
      system. In every case, the agglutination was reversible and preventable in the
      presence of competing sugars, indicating the specificity of the reaction. Further
      characterization of these membrane lectins may shed light on their function in
      cellular interactions in hemopoiesis.

PMID- 3371427
TI  - In vitro studies on the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia in Chinese patients.
AB  - We studied the hemopoietic progenitor cell assays for granulocyte-macrophage
      colony-forming units (CFU-GM) and fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F) and the
      effects of patient marrow cells or serum on the growth of normal CFU-GM in 30
      Chinese patients with aplastic anemia. We found the pathogenetic mechanisms to be
      complex. Defects of hemopoietic stem cells, the supporting microenvironment, and
      abnormal immune regulation alone or in combination were present. We found no CFU
      GM or CFU-F growth in cases of chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia,
      suggesting damage not only to hemopoietic progenitors but also to marrow stromal
      cells. Our data demonstrate that aplastic anemia is a heterogeneous disease with
      multiple mechanisms leading to clinical cytopenia. The use of these techniques
      allows better delineation of the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia in individual
      patients.

PMID- 3371428
TI  - Detection of messenger RNAs within single hemopoietic cells by in situ
      hybridization on small slide areas.
AB  - In situ hybridization provides a powerful tool to detect specific mRNA sequences
      at the cellular level. We have applied a modified in situ hybridization technique
      using specifically prepared regular glass microscope slides to evaluate mRNA
      levels in cells of small samples. Cells were derived from in vitro colonies or
      isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and deposited on the slides.
      These slides were coated with polysiloxane, sparing small circular areas where
      adherent cells attach and can be grown directly; after preincubation of the
      collection areas with fibronectin, the slides can also be used to deposit and to
      grow nonadherent cells. In situ hybridization was performed with 35S-labeled
      probes. Acetylation of the slides and the cells prior to hybridization, the
      addition of vanadyl-ribonucleoside complexes, and a prehybridization step were
      found to be necessary to optimize signal-to-noise ratios, as shown by evaluation
      of c-myc-specific mRNA in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T4-lymphocytes. This
      technique might be very useful to study mRNA expression in small samples of
      hemopoietic cells.

PMID- 3371429
TI  - Supraspinal control of a short-latency cutaneous pathway to hindlimb motoneurons.
AB  - The effects of two supraspinal systems on transmission through a short latency
      hindlimb cutaneous reflex pathway were studied in cats anesthetized with
      pentobarbital or alpha-chloralose. Fleshman et al. (1984) described a mixed
      excitatory-inhibitory input from low threshold superficial peroneal (SP)
      afferents to flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons with central latencies so
      short as to suggest a disynaptic component in the initial excitatory phase of the
      PSP. In the present study, conditioning stimulation of either the red nucleus
      (RN) or the pyramidal tract (PT) caused a marked decrease in latency and increase
      in amplitude of both the excitatory and inhibitory components of the SP PSP in
      FDL motoneurons and several other motoneuron species. The minimal central
      latencies of the conditioned initial excitatory phase of the PSPs were on the
      order of 1.5 ms, consistent with the possibility of a disynaptic linkage. The
      facilitatory effects of RN and PT conditioning were observed in both anesthetic
      conditions, although preparation-specific differences in latency were observed.
      Lesion experiments suggested that the interneurons involved in this pathway are
      located caudal to the L5 segment, most likely in segments L6 and L7.

PMID- 3371430
TI  - Conditional task-related responses in monkey dorsomedial frontal cortex.
AB  - Dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC) was studied in monkeys trained to make visually
      guided eye or arm movements. Portions of DMFC are involved in the execution of
      learned, goal-directed behaviors. Many neurons discharge with both eye and hand
      movements as well as when motor responses are withheld, provided these behaviors
      are related to the successful execution of the learned task. Similar movements,
      when carried out at times unrelated to the task, are not accompanied by neuronal
      activity. Electrical microstimulation produces either arrest of task-related, but
      not task-unrelated motor acts, or triggers task-related movements. The nature of
      stimulation elicited responses depends on the task the animal has been trained on
      and is altered by new training.

PMID- 3371431
TI  - Postural adjustments associated with voluntary contraction of leg muscles in
      standing man.
AB  - The postural adjustments associated with a voluntary contraction of the postural
      muscles themselves have been studied in the legs of normal standing men. We
      focussed on the following questions. Do postural adjustments precede the focal
      movement as in the case of movements of the upper limb? Which muscle(s) are
      involved in the task of stabilizing posture? Can the same postural muscle be
      activated in postural stabilization and in voluntary movement at the same time,
      in spite of the opposite changes in activity possibly required by these
      conditions? Six subjects standing on a dynamometric platform were asked to rise
      onto the tips their toes by contracting their soleus muscles, or to rock on their
      heels by contracting their tibialis anterior muscles. The tasks were made in a
      reaction time (RT) situation or in a self-paced mode, standing either freely or
      holding onto a stable structure. Surface EMGs of leg and thigh muscles, and the
      foot-floor reaction forces were recorded. The following results were obtained in
      the RT mode, standing freely. 1. Rising onto toe tips: a striking silent period
      in soleus preceded its voluntary activation; during this silent period, a
      tibialis anterior burst could be observed in three subjects; these anticipatory
      activities induced a forward sway, as monitored by a change in the force exerted
      along the x axis of the platform. 2. Rocking on heels: an enhancement in tonic
      EMG of soleus was observed before tibialis anterior voluntary burst, at a mean
      latency from the go-signal similar to that of the silent period; this
      anticipatory activity induced a backward body sway. 3. Choice RT conditions
      showed that the above anticipatory patterns in muscle activity were pre
      programmed, specific for the intended tasks, and closely associated with the
      focal movement. When both tasks were performed in a self-paced mode, all the
      above EMG and mechanical features were more pronounced and unfolded in time. If
      the subjects held onto the frame, the early features in the soleus or tibialis
      anterior EMG were absent, and the corresponding changes in the foot-floor
      reaction forces were lacking. The anticipatory phenomena observed are considered
      postural adjustments because they appear only in the free-standing situation, and
      induce a body sway in the appropriate direction to counteract the destabilizing
      thrust due to the voluntary contraction of soleus or tibialis anterior. The
      central organization and descending control of posture and movements are briefly
      discussed in the light of the short latency of the anticipatory phenomena and of
      their close association with the focal movement.

PMID- 3371432
TI  - Topographic differences in retinal axons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
      of the rat: a quantitative reexamination using anterograde transport of
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Retinal endings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the rat were
      visualized by anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase following
      injections in the optic tract. The morphological findings confirm the two types
      of retinal axons previously suggested by Golgi investigations. In the caudal
      third of the dLGN type 2b axons, with small dense clusters of boutons, are the
      only representatives of retinal fibres seen. In the rostral two thirds they are
      intermingled with the larger type 2a terminals, but tend to accumulate laterally,
      adjacent to the optic tract. This study supports the concept that large retinal
      ganglion cells probably give rise to 2a axons that may represent a Y-like
      channel, whereas 2b axons are derived from small ganglion cells, and may relay a
      W-like pathway.

PMID- 3371433
TI  - Comparison of the electrical properties of neocortical neurones in slices in
      vitro and in the anaesthetized rat.
AB  - Because neurones in isolated brain slices are abnormal in several respects, we
      have compared the electrical properties of neocortical neurones from the
      anaesthetized rat with neurones from slices of the same area of neocortex in
      vitro. Resting potentials were not significantly different but there was a small
      increase in mean spike amplitude and threshold in slices. The most striking
      observation was a doubling of the mean apparent input resistance (Rin) of
      neurones in slices (36 M omega cf. 18 M omega in vivo). To assess the extent to
      which the loss of surface membrane of neurones in slices might contribute to the
      raised Rin, we estimated the membrane capacity of neurones in the two samples
      from calculations of the membrane time constants. The mean membrane capacity was
      significantly lower in neurones from slices, being 2/3 that of the in vivo
      sample, showing that recordings were indeed mostly from smaller cells in the
      slices. Possible causes of the difference in mean input resistance not
      attributable to neuronal size are also discussed.

PMID- 3371434
TI  - Binocular interaction in the perigeniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - We have recorded from single cells in the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) of the cat
      to determine their response properties. Quantitative tests have been conducted
      with sinusoidal gratings. Using optimal stimulus parameters, determined
      monocularly, we explored binocular interaction by varying the relative phase
      between dichoptically presented gratings. Monocularly, cells exhibit varying
      degrees of response specificities with respect to stimulus orientation and
      spatial frequency. Binocularly, we have identified six types of response. The
      most prominent, type 1, found for half the cells, is phase-specific binocular
      interaction at the fundamental frequency component of the drifting grating. For
      these cells, mean response rate is independent of interocular phase. The
      remaining types of binocular responses involve varying degrees of interaction at
      different harmonic components. For a quarter of the sample, no binocular
      interaction was observed. To investigate the role of cortical input to PGN,
      visual cortex was removed from some cats. Subsequent study of PGN cells indicated
      that response properties were generally similar to those found in intact animals.
      We conclude that PGN response properties are determined primarily by subcortical
      inputs.

PMID- 3371436
TI  - Changing patterns of eye-head coordination during 6 h of optically reversed
      vision.
AB  - 1) This study investigates the early development of adaptive changes in
      oculomotor function associated with coordinated eye-head tracking of the
      optically reversed image of an earth-fixed target seen through horizontally
      reversing dove prism goggles attached to the skull. 2) Two tasks comprised a)
      fixation of a single target during head rotation which causes the seen target's
      image to move in the direction of head motion by an amount exactly equal to the
      head movement itself (the 1-Target task), and b) change of gaze onto a displaced
      target with head free to move (2-Target task). 3) The 1-Target task requires the
      eyes to move in a direction opposite to that of the normal vestibulo-ocular
      reflex (VOR). The 2-Target task is identical, except that reorientation onto the
      new target calls for an initial saccadic eye movement in a direction opposite to
      that of the ensuing head movement, which is contrary to the normal pattern of eye
      head coordination during gaze shifts. 4) Eye (EOG) and head (potentiometer)
      movements were continuously recorded (0-250 Hz) in an apparatus which permitted
      sudden, unexpected, electromagnetic braking of the head movement, either just
      before or during the intended manoeuvre. 5) Early adaptive strategies employed
      reduction of VOR gain, rearrangement of timing, amplitude and shape of "catch-up"
      saccades and the introduction of centrally programmed eye movements uncovered by
      the braking manoeuvres. 6) All of these phenomena were detectable in an initial
      series of 60 trials, in which the total exposure to visual-vestibular conflict
      was less than 30 s. They became more systematized and more marked after 6 h of
      active reversed vision experience. 7) Specifically, mean VOR gain, measured
      within the first 80 ms of head movement (deemed free of visuomotor influence),
      became markedly attenuated (25% in the first test series; 66% after 6 h of active
      vision-reversed exercise). In addition (not included in the above percentages)
      there were numerous occasions of complete absence of measurable VOR during head
      rotation, in both the first and final test series. 8) In the 1-Target task, the
      latency of the first "catch-up" saccade (re onset of head movement) tended to
      offset residual VOR by becoming shortened to the point of synchrony with head
      movement onset. This saccade (not present in control tests) continued to occur on
      those occasions when the head was unpredictably prevented from moving, and when
      head movements were made in the dark.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3371435
TI  - Estrogen-induced alterations in synaptic morphology in the midbrain central gray.
AB  - Axons of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) neurons have been previously shown to
      terminate in the midbrain central gray (MCG) (Chung et al. 1984, 1986). Since VMH
      synapses in this region may be involved in the mediation of estrogen-induced
      lordosis behavior, we examined the effect of estrogen on the morphology of
      synapses in the MCG. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given daily
      subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate (10 micrograms) or the vehicle
      control and after 20 days of injection, only the estrogen-treated rats showed the
      lordosis response. A quantitative analysis of MCG tissue from these animals
      demonstrates morphological changes in various synaptic parameters with estrogen
      treatment including: 1) an increase in the mean number of dense-cored vesicles
      and an increase in the number of terminals containing dense-cored vesicles, 2) an
      increase in the length of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), 3) an increase in the
      number of PSDs showing perforations, 4) an increase in the number of synapses,
      and 5) an increase in the number of synapses with positive synaptic curvature. No
      alterations in the number of subjunctional bodies were observed. The dense-cored
      vesicles may contain an estrogen-induced trophic factor which may function in
      maintaining the integrity of postsynaptic processes and cells in the MCG with
      which VMN endings contact (Chung et al. submitted) and/or which induces
      morphological changes in postsynaptic structures which facilitate the effects of
      estrogen on lordosis behavior.

PMID- 3371437
TI  - Behavioral deficits after intrahippocampal fetal septal grafts in rats with
      selective fimbria-fornix lesions.
AB  - Fetal septal transplants have been shown to promote behavioral recovery in young
      adult rats with aspiration fimbria-fornix lesions, rats with septal lesions and
      in intact aged rats. The present study examined the behavioral impact of
      intrahippocampal septal cell suspension transplants (T) in young female rats that
      had received, 10 days earlier, either medial fimbria lesions (Group FI.T), dorsal
      (subcallosal) fornix lesions (Group FO.T) or these two lesions together (Group
      FIFO.T). Relative to rats with lesions only (groups FI, FO and FIFO), grafted
      rats, irrespective of lesion locus, displayed unexpected impairments in (i) a
      serial alternation learning task, 5 weeks and 6 months after transplantation, and
      (ii) in a radial maze, 7 months after transplantation. In the first alternation
      test, Group FIFO showed impaired performance relative to Groups FI, FO and the
      sham-operated controls (Group S). In the second alternation test, Groups FO.T and
      FO showed impaired performance relative to Groups FI.T and FI, and only the
      performance of Group FI did not differ from that of Group S. In the radial maze,
      Groups FI, FO and FIFO all showed impaired performance relative to Group S. By
      contrast, there were no deleterious effects of lesions or of grafts in the
      acquisition and retention of a step-through passive avoidance task, 10 weeks
      after transplantation. Our findings on the effects of selective fimbria-fornix
      lesions did not confirm the report that rats with FI lesions but not those with
      FO lesions are unable to learn a serial alternation task, nor the report that FO
      lesions impair passive avoidance retention. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
      histochemistry revealed that grafts were present but graft-derived innervation of
      the host hippocampus varied from extensive to almost non-existent in all
      transplant groups. AChE-positivity in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) was not related
      to behavioral performance. However, the grafts often grew to a considerable size
      within the host brain and in many rats, especially those in Group FI.T, produced
      moderate to extreme damage of the host DH. There was a significant positive
      correlation between errors in the radial maze and graft-induced DH damage but no
      relationship between errors and graft size. The results indicate that, after
      partial lesions of the fimbria-fornix, intrahippocampal septal grafts survive
      well but are likely to damage recipient structures and result in behavioral
      impairments.

PMID- 3371438
TI  - Relationships between nucleus medialis dorsalis, pericruciate cortex, ventral
      tegmental area and nucleus accumbens in cat: an electrophysiological study.
AB  - In anaesthetized cats, single units were recorded from the ventrolateral part of
      n. medialis dorsalis (MD) of the thalamus. Cells were tested for their ortho- or
      antidromic short latency responses to single electrical shocks applied to the
      pericruciate cortex (PCx) and to either the mesencephalic ventral tegmental area
      (VTA) or the nucleus accumbens (ACC). Some reciprocal direct connections were
      thus shown to exist between MD and PCx, i.e. a cortical area posterior to the
      main classical MD "prefrontal" projection zone. Reciprocal direct connections
      were also identified physiologically between MD and VTA and between MD and ACC.
      Coupled stimulations showed that some MD cells could serve as a relay for a
      pathway from VTA to cortex, others for a reciprocal pathway from PCx to VTA, and
      still others, for a pathway from PCx to ACC. These findings are compared to
      previous--mostly anatomical--data obtained in other species, mainly rat. Their
      functional meaning is also discussed, in the light of previous results on the
      roles of MD, VTA and ACC in the control of immobility during focused attentive
      behaviour in cat.

PMID- 3371439
TI  - Stabilizing gaze reflexes in the pigeon (Columba livia). I. Horizontal and
      vertical optokinetic eye (OKN) and head (OCR) reflexes.
AB  - A quantitative study of horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and
      optocollic reflex (OCR) has been performed in the pigeon using the search-coil
      technique. The reflexes were analysed in response to either velocity steps or
      sinusoidal stimulation. Results show that: 1. In response to a velocity step
      stimulation, the slow phase velocity of both OKN and OCR increases gradually to
      reach a steady state level. When the stimulation stops in the dark, After
      Responses (OKAN-I, OKAR-I) occur. Time constants of the OKN charge (or OCR
      charge) and of the After Responses are lower for vertical than for horizontal
      responses. 2. In the free-head condition, both the head and the eye display a
      synchronized nystagmus which add their effects. However, the head reflex (OCR)
      accounts for about 80-90% of the entire linear gaze response (head + eye), except
      for the vertical steady state responses which are wholly accomplished by the head
      (OCR). 3. Both closed-loop and open-loop gains of steady state responses are
      higher for horizontal than for vertical reflexes. Vertical OCR, horizontal OKN
      and vertical OKN show properties of binocular integration, the response gain
      being higher for binocular than for monocular stimulations. By contrast, the
      horizontal OCR shows little binocular integration but displays a higher response
      gain for monocular stimulation, compared to horizontal OKN. 4. The horizontal OKN
      elicited by both monocular and binocular stimulation is asymmetrical, the gain
      being higher when the eye is driven by a temporo-nasal stimulation. In contrast,
      both vertical OKN and vertical OCR are practically symmetrical. 5. While both the
      gain of horizontal OKN and its linear range (up to 20 degrees/s) are improved
      when the head is free (gaze gain close to 1 up to 40 degrees/s), the vertical OKN
      and the vertical OCR have similar gain profiles and similar domains of linearity
      (up to 10 degrees/s). 6. In response to increasing the frequency of a sinusoidal
      stimulation at constant peak velocity, all the reflexes display a drop in gain
      and a strong increase of phase lag. The phase increase is greater for horizontal
      than for vertical reflexes. On the other hand, both gain and phase are higher for
      OCR than for OKN, both in the horizontal plane as well as in the vertical plane.
      7. For sinusoidal stimulations, when the peak velocity (PV) is increased at a
      constant frequency (0.03 Hz), nonlinearities appear (drop in gain, phase
      increase) both for OKN and OCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3371440
TI  - The primary visual cortex in the mouse: receptive field properties and functional
      organization.
AB  - Receptive field (RF) characteristics of cells in primary visual cortex of the
      mouse (C57B16 strain) were studied by single unit recording. We have studied the
      functional organization of area 17 along both the radial and tangential
      dimensions of the cortex. Eighty seven percent of the visual neurons could be
      classified according to their responses to oriented stimuli and to moving
      stimuli. Cells which preferred a flashed or moving bar of a particular
      orientation and responded less well to bars of other orientations or to spots,
      were classified as orientation selective (simple RF 23%, complex RF 18%). The
      majority of them were, moreover, unidirectional (24%). All orientations were
      roughly equally represented. Cells with oriented RFs were recorded mostly in the
      upper part of cortical layers II-III, where they appeared to be clustered
      according to their preferred orientation. Neurons that responded equally well to
      spots and bars of all orientations (46%) were classified as "non-oriented"; among
      these neurons there were several subcategories. Cells which responded equally
      well to spots and bars but preferred stimuli moving along one or both directions
      of a particular axis were classified as non oriented asymmetric cells
      (unidirectional 14%, bidirectional 4%). They were recorded mainly in supra- and
      infra-granular layers. Cells unaffected by stimulus shape and orientation which
      responded equally well to all directions of movement were classified as symmetric
      units. They had receptive field classified as ON (11%), OFF (1%), ON/OFF (11%),
      or were unresponsive to stationary stimuli (5%). These cells were mostly found in
      layer IV, in which they constituted the majority of recorded cells. There was no
      apparent correlation between the functional type and size of RFs. However, the
      greatest proportion of small RFs was found in layer IV. In the binocular segment
      of the mouse striate cortex, the influence of the contralateral eye predominated.
      Ninety five percent of cells in this segment were driven through the
      contralateral eye. However, 70% of cells were binocularly activated, showing that
      considerable binocular integration occurred in this cortical segment. Ocular
      dominance varied less along the radial than along the tangential dimension of the
      cortex.

PMID- 3371441
TI  - Fetal neocortical transplants grafted to the cerebral cortex of newborn rats
      receive afferents from the basal forebrain, locus coeruleus and midline raphe.
AB  - Fetal cerebral neocortex (E15-17) was grafted into the cerebral hemisphere of
      newborn (0-1 day old) rats. Grafts were placed into cortical aspiration lesion
      cavities made immediately prior to grafting. At maturity, transplant afferents
      were examined by injecting the retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes
      diamidino yellow and fast blue into the grafts. Retrogradely-labeled neurons were
      histologically observed within several regions of the host brain including the
      basal forebrain, locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe areas. The topographical
      distribution within these areas resembled the normal labeling patterns described
      in previous reports.

PMID- 3371442
TI  - Dopamine function in the prefrontal cortex of the rat is sensitive to a reduction
      of tonic GABA-mediated inhibition in the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus.
AB  - Dopamine (DA) utilisation has been determined in the medial bank of the
      prefrontal cortex (FCx) and the agranular insular cortex (AgCx) of the rat in
      response to a unilateral reduction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated
      inhibition in the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD). The ratios of 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC): DA and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid
      (homovanillic acid, HVA): DA were used as indices of DA utilisation. A bilateral
      increase in both ratios was found in FCx and AgCx following unilateral infusion
      of GABA antagonists (1 mM) into MDc. When this concentration was infused into one
      MDL no change was detected in DA utilisation of FCx, although a bilateral
      increase was observed in AgCx. However, a correspondence with the known
      anatomical connections was attained following infusion of lower concentrations
      (0.5 mM) into MDL in that a significant bilateral elevation of DA utilisation was
      shown in FCx. The changes induced in these ratios by the above treatments were,
      in general, due to increases in the concentration of metabolite and slight
      decreases in that of DA. However, unilateral lesions to the presumed GABA
      containing neurones of the rostrodorsal thalamic reticular nucleus (TRNd), which
      topographically innervate MDL, produced increases in both metabolite and DA
      concentrations in FCx of both hemispheres, whilst those in AgCx were unaffected.
      Despite the slightly different results obtained using these two experimental
      approaches, it is argued that a reduction of tonic GABA-mediated inhibition in MD
      may tend to activate the DA system in cortical target regions.

PMID- 3371444
TI  - Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - Serotonin-immunoreactivity in the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus appears as a
      plexus of fine, beaded fibers decreasing in density from magnocellular to
      parvocellular laminae. Ultrastructurally, these fibers show strictures and
      dilations, and are filled with dense round particles as well as granular material
      attached to outer mitochondrial membranes and microtubules. Most of the profiles
      followed in serial sections lack morphologically defined synapses. The few
      synapses observed are asymmetric, some with subjunctional dense bodies. This
      appearance suggests a possible excitatory effect mainly on interneurons which in
      turn would inhibit principal cells. Serotonin released non-synaptically may block
      the delivery of transmitters from retinal terminals and/or the receptors for such
      transmitters, thereby exerting a modulatory depressing action on principal cells.

PMID- 3371445
TI  - Escape behavior in the cockroach: distributed neural processing.
AB  - Escape reactions are often considered to be among the simplest behaviors. The
      nerve circuits guiding these reactions are also generally thought to be simple.
      For instance, in several species a single interneuron is sufficient to trigger
      normal escape. The evasive response of the cockroach, however, appears to be more
      complex both behaviorally and physiologically. In this review, several
      complications of the behavior are pointed out, based on a recent computer-graphic
      analysis of the leg movements. Next described is the cooperative role of several
      interneurons--not just one--in evoking an escape turn away from the stimulus. A
      model of this multicellular code for stimulus direction is then presented that
      correctly predicts the turning behavior under many different experimental
      conditions. Finally, an overall scheme of the information processing for escape
      behavior is presented.

PMID- 3371443
TI  - Physiological and anatomical identification of the nucleus of the optic tract and
      dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract in monkeys.
AB  - Physiological and anatomical criteria were used to clearly establish the
      existence of a pretectal relay of visual information to the ipsilateral inferior
      olive in the macaque monkey. After injection of horseradish peroxidase into the
      inferior olivary nucleus, retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the nucleus
      of the optic tract (NOT) and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic
      tract (DTN). The labelled cells were distributed in a sparse band arching below
      the margin of the brachium of the superior colliculus between the dorsal and
      lateral borders of the brainstem at the caudal edge of the pulvinar. Various
      types of cells could be distinguished. More superficially the cells were
      extremely spindle shaped, cells deeper within the midbrain had more compact
      somata. NOT-DTN neurons in the same region were also found to respond with short
      latencies to electrical stimulation of both the inferior olive and the optic
      chiasm. All neurons in the NOT-DTN which were antidromically activated from the
      inferior olive were also found to have direction specific binocular visual
      responses. Such neurons were excited by ipsiversive motion and suppressed by
      contraversive motion, regardless of whether large area random dot stimuli moved
      across the visual field or small single dots moved across the fovea. Direct
      retinal input to these neurons was via slowly conducting fibers (3-9 m/s) from
      the monkey's optic tract conduction velocity spectrum. As shown previously for
      non-primates, NOT-DTN cells may also in the monkey carry a signal representing
      the velocity error between stimulus and retina (retinal slip), and relay this
      signal into the circuitry mediating the optokinetic reflex.

PMID- 3371446
TI  - Pharmacodynamic profile of CQP 201-403, a novel 8 alpha-amino-ergoline.
AB  - The profile of action in animals of CQP 201-403, a novel 8 alpha-amino-ergoline,
      is in most aspects that of a very potent dopaminomimetic, both as a prolactin
      secretion inhibitor, and at the levels of the CNS and the cardiovascular system.
      Qualitatively CQP 201-403 differs slightly from bromocriptine and apomorphine in
      its effects on the CNS (no influence on serotonin metabolism in the rat cortex;
      induction of masculine mounting behavior in rats) and the cardiovascular system
      of the dog (reflex tachycardia in response to a blood-pressure fall). In man the
      new compound proved to be highly active in lowering prolactin serum levels and be
      more potent than bromocriptine (Parlodel).

PMID- 3371447
TI  - Partial purification and characterization of acid phosphatase from sporulated
      oocysts of Eimeria tenella.
AB  - Acid phosphatase of Eimeria tenella oocysts (Peak II) was purified 77-fold with a
      recovery of 26% using protamine sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. This enzyme occurs in multiple
      forms as indicated by two peaks which can be separated by DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The partially purified
      enzyme has optimal activity at pH 4.5. With p-nitrophenyl phosphate the Km and
      Vmax values for (Peak II) were 25 mM and 1.57 mumol/min/mg protein, respectively.
      The enzyme (Peak II) is strongly inhibited by Hg++, Cu++, iodoacetamide, fluoride
      and molybdate. Tartrate and other divalent metal ions have no effect on enzyme
      activity. The partially purified Peak II phosphatase is not a glycoprotein as it
      is not absorbed on concanavalin-A Sepharose and its treatment with bacterial
      neuraminidase does not alter its elution profile through DEAE cellulose.

PMID- 3371449
TI  - Distal axonopathy in streptozotocin diabetes in rats.
AB  - We noted the earliest morphological changes in the motor endplates 8 weeks after
      the induction of streptozotocin diabetes in rats. Morphometric measurements
      showed reduced axonal areas of the lateral plantar and the sciatic nerves in the
      diabetic rats 28 but not 2 and 8 weeks after the experiment. These findings
      suggested distal axonopathy.

PMID- 3371448
TI  - Ultrastructural and seasonal aspects of the kidney lymphatic system of
      hibernating animals.
AB  - The kidney lymphatic system of bat, dormouse and marmot consists of
      intraparenchymal (interlobar, arcuate, interlobular) and extraparenchymal
      (capsular) vessels sharing common ultrastructural aspects. We did not observe
      medullary lymphatics. The qualitative and quantitative seasonal changes in the
      ultrastructure of the lymphatic endothelium represent not only a species-linked
      feature but also (and mainly) an evident seasonal fluctuation in lymph formation.
      Furthermore, these ultrastructural changes emphasize the important role played by
      the different mechanisms involved in the translymphatic movement of proteins and
      interstitial fluid with particular regard to the 'vesicular route' and
      intraendothelial channels.

PMID- 3371450
TI  - Analysis of structural features responsible for the sweetness of the
      sesquiterpene, hernandulcin.
AB  - The relationship between sweetness and structure was studied for several
      analogues of the intensely sweet sesquiterpene, hernandulcin. These derivatives
      were prepared synthetically, and were spectroscopic and conformational analysis.
      With the exception of the parent substance, none of the derivatives tested proved
      to be sweet. Evidence gathered in this study suggests that hernandulcin binds to
      its putative receptor through a three-point interaction, involving the C-1
      carbonyl and C-1' hydroxyl groups, and the double bond between C-4' and C-5'. In
      the course of a preliminary safety assessment, the 3-desmethyl derivative of
      hernandulcin was found to be mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium strain
      TM677.

PMID- 3371451
TI  - Postischemic ATP levels predict hepatic function 24 hours following ischemia in
      the rat.
AB  - Hepatic function was assessed by the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) in male
      Sprague Dawley rats 24 h after partial hepatic ischemia. ABT decreased
      progressively to 26.3 (p less than 0.05) and 19.7% of dose (p less than 0.05)
      after 90 and 120 min of ischemia, respectively. ABT at 24 h after injury was
      correlated to the concentration of ATP in the ischemic lobes 1 h after the onset
      of reperfusion (r2 = 0.971) but not to ALT activity in plasma at 1 h (r2 =
      0.391). We conclude that postischemic ATP levels are a better index of subsequent
      hepatic function than ALT.

PMID- 3371452
TI  - Maternal stress alters monoamine metabolites in fetal and neonatal rat brain.
AB  - Heat-restraint stress given rats during the last week of gestation significantly
      altered dopaminergic dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid (DOPAC and
      HVA) and noradrenergic 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl-ethylene glycol (MOPEG)
      forebrain-hypothalamic monoamine (MA) metabolites in female offspring. On
      gestational day 21, HVA and MOPEG were significantly higher and lower, and on
      postnatal day 1 all were higher. There were virtually no differences in brain MA
      concentrations in males. Thus MA metabolic concentrations differ in fetal
      neonatal forebrain-hypothalamus as a function of sex differences and maternal
      stress.

PMID- 3371453
TI  - Modification of collagen and noncollagenous proteins in radiation-induced
      muscular fibrosis.
AB  - Six months after acute local gamma irradiation of the pig skin and adjacent
      muscle, the muscular tissue is replaced by a large mutilating and proliferative
      fibrosis deliminated by a perifibrotic inflammatory zone. The content and
      biosynthesis of collagen and noncollagenous proteins were studied in both
      fibrotic and perifibrotic zones after incubation of the biopsies with
      [14C]proline or [35S]methionine for 24 hr. Cells of perifibrotic and fibrotic
      regions synthesize about 10 times more proteins than those in the nonirradiated
      muscle. When compared to normal muscle tissue, our results indicate an important
      increase in collagen content and biosynthesis in fibrotic tissue. The increase in
      collagen biosynthesis in the irradiated tissue is more pronounced for type III
      collagen than for type I collagen. Biosynthesis of type III and type I collagens
      increases 20- and 10-fold, respectively, compared to the normal muscle. Type I to
      III collagen ratio in irradiated tissue decreases from 2.3 in normal tissue to
      1.1 in fibrotic tissue. Histological examination of the biopsies as well as the
      protein pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show striking differences
      in the perifibrotic and fibrotic areas as compared to the normal muscular tissue
      with a progressive disappearance of the myotubes replaced by a dense sclerotic
      tissue. The results indicate that the perifibrotic inflammatory area is engaged
      in a remodeling process and that the fibrotic tissue remains active in the
      neosynthesis of the extracellular matrix macromolecules with a high proportion of
      type III collagen. This high biosynthetic activity of the irradiated tissue may
      explain the pseudosarcomatous character of the radiation-induced lesions.

PMID- 3371454
TI  - Further studies on the late preventive effects of the anticalmodulin
      trifluoperazine on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver necrosis.
AB  - Trifluoperazine (TFP) (50 mg/kg ip) administration to rats 6 or 10 hr after CCl4
      (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented liver necrosis but not fatty
      liver caused by the hepatotoxin at 24 hr as evidenced by either histology or
      electron microscopy. TFP given 6 hr after CCl4 significantly decreased the CCl4
      induced increases in liver calcium content. TFP raised four to five times the
      liver glycogen content in control rats but was unable to modify decreased
      glycogen content of CCl4 poisoned animals. TFP administration increased
      phospholipid and protein synthesis as evidenced by studies on 32P incorporation
      into microsomal phospholipid and by experiments on [14C]leucine incorporation in
      microsomal protein fractions from control rat livers. No significant changes were
      observed in microsomal phospholipid degradation as studied by decay of label from
      32P-prelabeled microsomal lipids or in increased protein degradation as evidenced
      by decay of label from [14C-guanidino]arginine-prelabeled microsomal proteins
      found in livers of control rats after TFP treatment. Electron microscopy
      observations of liver from control animals treated with TFP evidenced
      accumulation of glycogen in areas close to smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER);
      large Golgi areas with an abundant number of lysosomes, and minor dilatation
      effects on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and nuclear membrane. Results
      suggest that TFP preventive effects might be due to the anticalmodulin actions of
      this drug.

PMID- 3371455
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase activity in cultured neonatal rat heart cells exposed to
      doxorubicin.
AB  - Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR) is an anthracycline antineoplastic with the serious
      side effect of dose-related cardiomyopathy. A model of ADR cardiotoxicity was
      created to examine some subcellular toxic effects of ADR with cultured cardiac
      myocytes (CMCs) exposed to 1 x 10(-7) to 1 x 10(-5) M ADR for 24 to 48 hr.
      Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was monitored in the CMC medium to monitor
      CMC damage as a function of ADR concentration. A four- to eightfold elevation of
      LDH activity in medium of CMCs exposed to 1 x 10(-6) to 1 x 10(-5) M ADR was
      found. No change in LDH activity was detected in medium of CMCs exposed to 1 x
      10(-7) M ADR or in control CMCs after 24 or 48 h ADR exposure. Data suggest a
      dose-dependent effect of ADR on LDH activity in CMC medium. Serial monitoring of
      LDH in media of ADR-exposed CMCs may correlate with other evidence of ADR
      cardiotoxicity in vitro.

PMID- 3371456
TI  - Macrophages exposed in vitro to conduritol B epoxide resemble Gaucher cells.
AB  - In Gaucher disease the genetic lack of acid beta-glucosidase activity causes
      glucocerebroside to accumulate in the lysosomes of macrophage-derived cells,
      producing large characteristic Gaucher cells. The formation of Gaucher cells
      seems to be central to the pathobiology of this lysosomal storage disease. To
      develop a model simulating this process, cultured murine peritoneal macrophages
      were treated with conduritol B epoxide, a specific irreversible inhibitor of acid
      beta-glucosidase, for 6, 15, and 24 days. The conduritol B epoxide-treated
      macrophages accumulated glucocerebroside as a function of time, progressing to a
      fivefold elevation over control values after 24 days of treatment. Electron
      microscopy of the cells treated for 24 days reveals characteristics of Gaucher
      cells, including striations consisting of oriented fibrils. With conventional
      staining techniques, these fibrils have an appearance considered highly
      characteristic of Gaucher disease. Thus, macrophages treated with conduritol B
      epoxide are a useful model for studying the metabolic consequences and
      morphologic features associated with glucocerebroside accumulation in Gaucher
      cells.

PMID- 3371457
TI  - Histological changes of acrylamide-induced testicular lesions in mice.
AB  - The effects of a single oral dose of 150 or 100 mg/kg acrylamide on the testis
      were studied histopathologically in prepubertal and adult mice over a period of
      10 days following treatment. In the prepubertal mice, severe testicular damage
      such as vacuolation and swelling of the round spermatids, necrosis of the late
      elongated spermatids in stages I to VIII, abnormal meiosis in stage XIX, and a
      marked cellular exfoliation into the lumen were detected 1 day after
      administration of the 150 mg/kg dose. On Day 2, the damage was more pronounced.
      However, the testicular damage was repaired 7 to 10 days after treatment. In the
      adults, many tubules from stages I to VIII were affected, showing nuclear
      vacuolation in most of the round spermatids 1 day after administration of the 150
      mg/kg dose. Meiosis in stage XIV was normal. In the prepubertal mice, nuclei of
      the round spermatids in stage I-III, especially step 1 spermatids had degenerated
      1 day after administration of the 100 mg/kg dose. In the adults, the round
      spermatids had degenerated in stages I-II and IV-VIII 1 day after administration
      of the 100 mg/kg dose. These results suggested that the most vulnerable cell type
      among the spermatogenic cells was the round spermatid, especially that in the
      Golgi phase (stage I-III). Other stages and spermatogenic cells were relatively
      resistant to acrylamide testicular toxicity.

PMID- 3371458
TI  - Light and electron microscopic characterization of the proliferative response
      induced by tobramycin in rat kidney cortex.
AB  - Administration of aminoglycoside antibiotics is frequently associated with
      tubular necrosis which can eventually lead to renal dysfunction. Previously, we
      have shown that renal tissue injury due to aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity elicits
      a process of tissue repair characterized by stimulation of cell proliferation.
      The present study was undertaken to examine both quantitatively and qualitatively
      the cell proliferation associated with renal tissue repair. Female Sprague-Dawley
      rats (180-200 g body weight) were treated ip for 10 days with various doses of
      tobramycin (10, 20, or 50 mg/kg twice daily). Each animal received 200 microCi
      [3H]thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice to evaluate the extent of cell proliferation
      in renal cortex. The rate of DNA synthesis in renal cortex was estimated by
      measuring the specific radioactivity of the nucleic acid. The frequency and
      localization of S-phase cells in cortex tissue were determined on paraffin and
      plastic tissue sections processed for histoautoradiography. In addition, the
      ultrastructure of proliferating cells was characterized by electron microscopic
      examination of consecutive ultrathin sections. An excellent correlation (r =
      0.993) was found between the rate of DNA synthesis and the frequency of S-phase
      cells evaluated in rats receiving various doses of tobramycin. The stimulation of
      cell proliferation involved mostly proximal tubular cells and interstitial cells.
      The latter cells had the ultrastructural appearance of fibroblasts at various
      stages of differentiation. Similarly, S-phase cells in proximal tubules were
      either fully differentiated epithelial cells or immature elements. Taken
      together, the present experimental data illustrate the capacity of the kidney to
      trigger complex tissue reactions in response to nephrotoxic injury.

PMID- 3371460
TI  - Low-density lipoprotein endocytosis. II. Influence of the multivalent ligand
      cationized ferritin on acetylated low-density lipoprotein endocytosis in cultured
      cells.
AB  - Interactions of the basic multivalent ligand cationized ferritin (CF) with
      cultured cells markedly alter their endocytic function. In this study, the
      influence of CF treatment on the binding, internalization, and degradation of
      chemically modified (acetylated) low-density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) was examined
      in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC); and in normal and FH mutant LDL receptor
      negative human skin fibroblasts, which lack the Ac-LDL (scavenger) receptor; and
      in vascular endothelial cells, which normally express the receptor. Although CF
      treatment of all three cell types at 37 degrees C resulted in the induction of
      Pronasesensitive, high-capacity, high-affinity binding (Kd = 12.0 +/- 2.0 nM at 4
      degrees C) of labeled Ac-LDL, which at 37 degrees C was accompanied by
      significant internalization and degradation, these processes were not receptor
      mediated. CF-induced high-affinity binding was inhibited by unlabeled Ac-LDL,
      fucoidan, carrageenan, and dextran sulfate but was unaffected by native LDL and
      albumin and only partially inhibited by acetylated albumin. However, analysis of
      membrane preparations of the cells for "scavenger" receptor protein by solid
      phase filtration assay and Western blotting identified the receptor in
      endothelial cells and in granuloma (positive control) macrophages, but not in
      either CF-treated or untreated SMC. In addition, studies with both glutaraldehyde
      fixed cells and CF bound to culture dishes indicated that Ac-LDL avidly binds to
      CF. Further, ultrastructural studies using colloidal gold-conjugated Ac-LDL
      showed Ac-LDL preferentially binding to CF aggregates on the cell surface. Thus,
      these studies indicate that treatment of cells with CF induces an endocytic
      process which, although remarkably similar to the scavenger pathway, is mediated
      by Ac-LDL binding to membrane-associated CF. These observations have implications
      in terms of mechanisms that might regulate the endocytosis of modified low
      density lipoproteins.

PMID- 3371461
TI  - Clonal nature of atherosclerotic plaques.
AB  - The clonal nature of atherosclerotic plaques has been examined in diet-induced
      atherosclerosis of interspecies hybrid hare females (Lepus timidus (female) X
      Lepus europaeus (male], which exhibit genetic mosaicism with respect to glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-D). Four diet groups have been used: control pellet
      diet, hyperlipemic (HL) diet, and HL diet supplemented with two different
      concentrations of 25-hydroxycholesterol. Lesion and nonlesion tissue samples and
      primary cultures developed from similar samples were used to determine the G6P-D
      variant patterns. A close correlation was observed, using regression analysis,
      between the in vivo and the in vitro phenotype. As has been reported earlier by
      us, most lesions in this animal model were heterozygous and the few homozygous
      areas recorded were all in the diet groups supplemented with 25
      hydroxycholesterol. However, in tissue culture, homozygosity appeared with
      greater frequency, still of the T phenotype. In order to rule out maternal
      dominance as a factor, preliminary experiments involving G6P-D analysis have been
      carried out using tissue samples and cell cultures derived from a reverse cross.
      These also show a strong bias toward the T phenotype. The studies presented here
      highlight the difficulties in interpretation using G6P-D analysis as the sole
      criterion to determine the clonal nature of the atherosclerotic plaques. It also
      seems likely that the kind of diet given to induce atherosclerosis might
      influence the nature of the clonal growth. Studies using transfection are
      essential to determine whether transforming sequences are present in
      atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 3371459
TI  - Low-density lipoprotein endocytosis. I. Influence of the multivalent ligand
      cationized ferritin on normal and receptor-negative human fibroblasts.
AB  - Based upon the observation that the multivalent ligand cationized ferritin (CF)
      alters the cell surface distribution of anionic domains and significantly
      enhances the adsorptive endocytosis of 125I-labeled human serum albumin, these
      studies were undertaken to probe the influence of CF on receptor-mediated low
      density lipoprotein (LDL) endocytosis and the nature of the mechanisms involved.
      A brief 1-min exposure of normal receptor upregulated fibroblasts to CF (0.2
      mg/ml) resulted in a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in the subsequent
      internalization and degradation of 125I-LDL. Studies with receptor downregulated
      normal fibroblasts indicated that CF pretreatment did not measurably influence
      125I-LDL internalization and only slightly inhibited its degradation (P less than
      0.05). In contrast, CF pretreatment of FH receptor-negative mutant skin
      fibroblasts resulted in a modest but significant increase in both 125I-LDL
      internalization and degradation (P less than 0.05). Scatchard analyses of binding
      data indicated that CF-pretreated upregulated normal fibroblasts exhibit a single
      class of LDL binding sites with an affinity, Kd = 24.7 +/- 4.1 nM, almost 10-fold
      lower than the affinity of binding sites in untreated controls, Kd = 3.2 +/- 0.06
      nM. Increasing either the concentration or the duration of CF exposure resulted
      in additional inhibition of LDL internalization and degradation associated
      primarily with a decrease in the number of LDL binding sites without any further
      change in binding affinity. Total cellular LDL receptor-mediated binding,
      measured using an octylglucoside solubilization-filtration assay, confirmed the
      CF-induced decrease in high-affinity LDL binding. Pulse-chase experiments showed
      that CF had no direct influence on LDL degradation, nor did it influence
      targeting of the LDL-containing endosome toward exocytosis. Further, restoration
      of LDL receptor function to control values after CF pretreatment required de novo
      protein synthesis. The normal feedback inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity
      was nearly abolished by CF pretreatment. Additionally, CF pretreatment was found
      to induce not only a redistribution of surface anionic sites, but also a very
      rapid internalization of surface components labeled with 4,4'-[3H]diisothiocyano
      1,2..diphenylethane-2,2'-disulfonic acid. It is concluded that the inhibitory
      influence of CF on LDL endocytosis is mediated via a decrease in the affinity and
      in the number of functional LDL receptors.

PMID- 3371462
TI  - Release of fibronectin fragments from endothelial cell monolayers exposed to
      activated leukocytes: relationship to plasma fibronectin levels after particle
      infusion.
AB  - Fibronectin is found in a soluble form in plasma as well as in an insoluble form
      in tissues. It is produced by cultured endothelial cells and can be localized in
      vitro and in vivo between adjacent endothelial cells as well as underneath
      endothelial cells in association with their collagenous matrix, where it is
      believed to influence cell adhesion. Fibronectin is susceptible to proteolytic
      cleavage by enzymes released from activated leukocytes. In the present study,
      cultured rat endothelial cells developed a fibrillar fibronectin network in their
      extracellular matrices in addition to releasing soluble, intact fibronectin (440
      kDa) into their culture medium. Exposure of monolayers of cultured endothelial
      cells to activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) results in disruption of
      the fibrillar matrix fibronectin, damage to the endothelial cell monolayer, and
      presence of fibronectin fragments in the culture medium. In addition, acute
      leukocyte activation and peripheral leukopenia in vivo as induced by the
      intravenous infusion of foreign test particles also resulted in the appearance of
      low-molecular-weight fibronectin fragments in plasma. In the in vivo studies, the
      appearance of fibronectin fragments preceded the release of intact 440-kDa
      fibronectin in the plasma after its acute depletion by particle injection. Thus,
      activated leukocytes, adherent to an endothelial surface in vitro and in vivo,
      may result in degradation of matrix fibronectin and the release of fibronectin
      fragments into the extracellular environment. In vivo fibronectin fragments in
      blood may serve as a stimulus for the subsequent synthesis and/or release of
      intact plasma fibronectin.

PMID- 3371463
TI  - A reproducible model for the study of factor X kinetics in AA amyloidosis.
AB  - Factor X clearance was examined in a model of rapid AA amyloid deposition.
      Accelerated equilibration with extravascular compartments and accelerated removal
      postequilibration mimic features seen in patients with AL amyloidosis. The
      handling of Factor X was different from that of two other proteins, mouse albumin
      and IgG. Each protein had its own specific characteristic clearance properties,
      although in amyloidotic animals all proteins were cleared more rapidly in the
      postequilibration phase. The liver was by far the major site of Factor X
      clearance but this was true in all control groups as well. No significant
      difference was seen in tissue clearance site in any of the treatment groups,
      perhaps because the amount of AA amyloid in each tissue 3 days into the protocol
      was not yet large. Nevertheless, a reproducible model that possesses accelerated
      Factor X clearance is now available to study the mechanism of coagulation factor
      abnormalities in amyloidosis.

PMID- 3371465
TI  - The return of the IUD.

PMID- 3371464
TI  - Teenagers willing to consider single parenthood: who is at greatest risk?
AB  - Data from the High School and Beyond panel study indicate that of 13,061 female
      high school sophomores who responded to both the baseline questionnaire in 1980
      and a 1982 follow-up, 41 percent of blacks, 29 percent of Hispanics and 23
      percent of non-Hispanic whites said they either would or might consider having a
      child outside of marriage. Such willingness was higher among young women who,
      according to their background characteristics, were at greater risk of teenage
      parenthood. In addition, young black women were more willing to consider having a
      child while single than were white or Hispanic respondents, at every level of
      risk. The data also show that, with the possible exception of Hispanics, willing
      respondents generally registered much higher rates of nonmarital childbearing
      over the two years following the baseline survey than the young women unwilling
      to consider nonmarital childbearing. Respondents' reports on their own
      disciplinary problems in school and on their class-cutting and absenteeism showed
      that such problem behavior was related to the teenagers' willingness to consider
      nonmarital childbearing: Proportionally more of the respondents who ranked high
      on a scale of problem behavior were willing to do so, even when background
      differences were controlled for. In addition, when the respondents' educational
      expectations were used as proxy measures of the potential opportunity costs of
      single parenthood, the results revealed that the higher their educational
      expectations, the lower their willingness to have an out-of-wedlock
      birth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371466
TI  - Whatever happened to the contraceptive revolution?

PMID- 3371467
TI  - Do adolescents who relinquish their children fare better or worse than those who
      raise them?
AB  - When background and other characteristics are controlled for, older adolescents
      who rear their children are as likely as those who place them for adoption to
      complete high school. However, relinquishers are more likely to complete
      vocational training and have higher educational aspirations. Further,
      relinquishers are more likely to delay marriage, to be employed six and 12 months
      after the birth and to live in higher income households than are child rearers.
      Child rearers are more likely to become pregnant again sooner and to resolve
      subsequent pregnancies by abortion. Adolescents who relinquish their children do
      not suffer more negative psychological consequences than do those who raise their
      children. Overall, both groups indicated very high levels of satisfaction with
      their decision to relinquish or to rear, although relinquishers were slightly
      less satisfied with their decision than were child rearers. The study sample
      consisted of 123 child rearers and 146 relinquishers who had attended a pregnancy
      counseling program affiliated with a large adoption agency that practices open
      adoption. Hence, the findings are limited to a select sample and should not be
      generalized beyond adolescents who participate in a similar program.

PMID- 3371468
TI  - First family planning visits by young women.
AB  - Data from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth indicate that among sexually
      active women aged 15-24, friends and parents are the main sources of referral for
      first family planning visits. Friends are the leading referral source for women
      who attend clinics, and parents are the leading referral source for those who go
      to private doctors. Despite the importance of confidentiality to many teenagers,
      women who make their first family planning visit before the age of 17 are more
      likely to be referred by their parents than are those whose first visit occurs
      when they are 17 or older. Race, age at first visit and income influence women's
      choice of a provider (clinic or private doctor). Black women, low-income women
      and younger women are considerably more likely than their counterparts to use a
      clinic at first family planning visit. At their first visit, sixty-seven percent
      of women receive birth control counseling, and only 50 percent begin using a
      contraceptive method. Among clinic users, white women are more likely than black
      women to begin a birth control method (50 percent vs. 40 percent). Women whose
      first visit takes place before their first conception (including those who have
      never been pregnant) are much more likely than women whose first visit occurs
      after their first pregnancy ends to begin a method. Women who make their first
      visit during their first pregnancy are more likely than those who are not
      pregnant to receive a pregnancy test or counseling on matters other than birth
      control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371470
TI  - Pancreatic carcinoma and low serum testosterone; a correlation secondary to
      cancer cachexia?
AB  - Serum testosterone concentration (S(T)) and four nutritional parameters were
      measured in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (19), other malignancy (17)
      and other non-malignant conditions (29). In females neither the diagnosis nor the
      nutritional parameters correlated with the S(T). In males significantly lower
      S(T) were found in those with malignant conditions. Also, in males poor
      nutritional status correlated significantly with low S(T). Those patients with
      pancreatic adenocarcinoma did not have significantly lower S(T) than those with
      other cancers. A covariate analysis of the results supports the conjecture that
      it is primarily the poor nutritional status of cancer patients which leads to
      depression of S(T). This study provides no evidence to support the existence of a
      direct relationship between pancreatic cancer and testosterone metabolism.

PMID- 3371469
TI  - Contraceptive paths toward the reduction of unintended pregnancy and abortion.
AB  - Based on data from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, exposure to the
      risk of unintended pregnancy is classified by use of specific contraceptive
      methods and by nonuse, and average rates of unintended pregnancy are estimated
      for each type of exposure. Three hypothetical models of improved contraceptive
      practice are then applied to the data for all women and for age, race and marital
      status subgroups. The first two models assume increases in the use of some
      existing contraceptive methods, but only the second model additionally assumes
      the introduction of new methods. The third model assumes the complete elimination
      of nonuse of contraception. These models yield different estimates of the
      reduction in unintended pregnancy rates which are illustrated for various age
      groups, for whites and blacks and for married and unmarried women. Among all
      women aged 15-44, the changes assumed by Model I imply a 32 percent reduction in
      unintended pregnancy; Model II implies a 56 percent reduction; and Model III
      implies a 57 percent reduction. The implied reductions in abortion are in a
      similar range.

PMID- 3371471
TI  - Cancer of the cervix stage Ib and IIa: survival related to treatment and
      histopathological risk factors.
AB  - Forty-five patients with carcinoma of the cervix stage Ib or IIa underwent
      primary radical surgery. The patho-histological examination of the surgical
      specimens showed, that pelvic lymph node metastases, tumour volume, depth of
      tumour invasion, lymphatic or vascular permeation and parametrial involvement
      were significant bad prognostic factors. The histological types of squamous cell
      carcinomas and local lymphoplasmocytic stromal reaction to the tumour had no
      statistical prognostic significance. A simple and objective method of assessing
      tumour volume is described. A 5-year actuarial survival rate for patients with
      metastatic pelvic lymph nodes (33% of the patients in this study) treated by
      surgery and additional postoperative external whole pelvis radiotherapy was 55%.
      This is significantly lower than the 86% 5-year actuarial survival rate of
      patients without pelvic lymph node metastases treated by surgery alone (P less
      than 0.05). The postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the cervix with bad
      prognostic factors including pelvic lymph node metastases seems to improve local
      tumour control and perhaps survival in a subgroup of node negative tumours
      presenting other histopathological risk factors.

PMID- 3371472
TI  - Laryngeal cancer and lung cancer in the same patient: a retrospective study.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with laryngeal cancer and lung cancer were analyzed with
      regard to histology and localization of the lung cancer, the time interval
      between the detection of the two tumours and survival. It appeared that most lung
      tumours were squamous cell carcinomas, half of which were centrally localized and
      most occurred metachronously in the first 4 years after the laryngeal carcinoma.
      The survival rate was poor, due to the fact that the bronchial carcinoma usually
      was found beyond a curative stage. It appears that the present follow-up in
      laryngeal cancer patients--frequent ENT-examination, yearly chest X-ray
      examination--is often inadequate for early detection of lung cancer and curative
      treatment. It might be that by intensifying follow-up in laryngeal cancer
      patients by bronchoscopy, sputum cytology and more frequent chest X-ray
      examination, more bronchial carcinomas would be detected in a curative stage.

PMID- 3371473
TI  - Localized mastalgia as presenting symptom in breast cancer.
AB  - The importance of breast pain as a presenting symptom of breast cancer was
      assessed in 200 women with localized mastalgia but negative physical examination
      and in 478 women with operable breast cancer. In the first group, mammography
      detected five cases of subclinical breast cancer at the site of pain. In the
      second group, 86 patients (18%) reported localized pain as presenting symptom,
      followed, at different intervals, by the detection of a breast lump. Localized
      pain can be considered a presenting symptom of breast cancer thus requiring a
      careful physical and mammographic examination, especially when risk factors are
      associated.

PMID- 3371474
TI  - Correlation between 5-year survival of T1-T2N0 breast cancer and some
      pathological parameters.
AB  - In order to more clearly define the factors influencing prognosis, 113 cases of
      T1-T2N0 breast cancers, all operated on by means of radical mastectomy, were
      reviewed. The following pathologic parameters were analyzed in relation to 5
      years survival: histological type, nuclear grading, vascular embolization, size
      and border of the tumour, and sinus histiocytosis, diffuse cortical hyperplasia
      and germinal center hyperplasia of axillary nodes. We observed a close
      correlation between the presence of sinus histiocytosis and prognosis, as many
      authors have reported. Diffuse cortical hyperplasia stands out from our data as
      the most unfavourable prognostic factor.

PMID- 3371475
TI  - Quadrantic excision and axillary node dissection without radiation therapy: the
      long-term results of a selective policy in the treatment of stage I breast
      cancer.
AB  - The results of a selective policy of conservative surgery without radiation over
      a 14-year period with a minimum 5 year follow-up indicates that routine
      postoperative radiotherapy can be safely omitted in certain cases. Eighty-one
      patients were studied, the overall survival at 5 years and 10 years was 88% and
      73% respectively. The risk of local recurrence within the treated breast or
      axilla was 10% at 5 years and 11% within the total follow-up period. Most (91%)
      local recurrences were noted within 5 years. The rate of dying from breast cancer
      did not change over 10 years of follow up. The risk of recurrence was
      significantly higher in younger (less than 46 years) patients (P less than 0.05)
      and premenopausal patients (P less than 0.005) compared with older, post
      menopausal patients. The risk of dying from breast cancer was also significantly
      greater in the younger premenopausal women. At 10 years the rate of dying from
      breast cancer was unchanged from that seen soon after diagnosis. In
      postmenopausal patients with tumours less than 2 cm and uninvolved axillary nodes
      after pathological assessment, radiotherapy can be safely omitted. In these
      patients there is a low risk of local recurrence (10%), similar to that reported
      following segmental mastectomy and radiation.

PMID- 3371476
TI  - The early results from a randomised study of radiotherapy versus Nolvadex
      (tamoxifen) as initial treatment for stage III breast cancer.
AB  - Eighty-seven postmenopausal patients have been randomised to receive either
      radiotherapy or Nolvadex (tamoxifen) as first line treatment for locally advanced
      (stage III) breast cancer. After a median follow-up of two years no significant
      differences have been found in the rate of progression of local disease, the time
      to development of overt metastases or survival.

PMID- 3371477
TI  - Alpha 2 interferon in the prevention of N-nitroso-methyl urea induced breast
      cancer in rats.
AB  - Human interferons have been shown to be effective treatment for hairy cell
      leukaemia and are now commercially available. Their role in treatment of solid
      tumours has yet to be established. This study assessed the value of alpha 2
      interferon (IFN) in an experimental breast cancer model. Four groups of female
      Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The first received three intravenous injections
      (7 mg/kg) of N-nitroso-methyl urea (NMU) at weeks 0, 3 and 7. The second received
      the same NMU dosage regime plus IFN (100,000 IU, twice weekly for 3 weeks). A
      third received IFN alone and the fourth was a control group receiving three
      intravenous injections of normal saline. At week 16, 19 of 20 rats in the NMU
      alone group had developed tumours significantly more than four of 15 rats with
      tumour in the NMU plus IFN group (P less than 0.001). Both the mean tumour
      number/rat and the mean tumour weight/rat was significantly more in the NMU group
      than the NMU plus IFN group P less than 0.05). No rats in the IFN alone or
      control group developed tumour. These data suggest that IFN prevents carcinogen
      induced breast cancer in rats. It may have a role in the prevention and treatment
      of human breast cancer.

PMID- 3371478
TI  - An unusual presentation of metastatic squamous carcinoma of tongue.
AB  - Distant metastases from head and neck carcinoma are becoming more common, with
      lung, bone and liver being the most frequent sites. We present an unusual case of
      a metastasis from a tongue primary presenting with severe abdominal pain and
      pseudo large bowel obstruction.

PMID- 3371479
TI  - Carotid artery obliteration and pharyngoesophageal reconstruction by free jejunal
      autograft.
AB  - Free jejunal autografting is increasingly recognized as a safe procedure of
      pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with good functional results, following
      circular total pharyngolaryngectomy for extended tumors of the pharynx or larynx.
      Very often, past history of irradiation and/or surgery of the neck have created
      severe atheromatous lesions of the cervical vessels. We report the case of a
      patient with obliteration of the right carotid artery and large recurrence of a
      tumor of the larynx in which simultaneous arterial venous bypass and free jejunal
      autograft were performed for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.

PMID- 3371480
TI  - Results of artificial insemination at home by the partner with cryopreserved
      donor semen: a randomized study.
AB  - The use of cryopreserved semen offers the possibility of home insemination by the
      instructed partner. A comparative study was designed whereby participants were
      randomly allocated to use home or clinic insemination for six cycles. If no
      pregnancy had occurred after six cycles, the site of insemination was switched to
      the opposite location for a maximum of six further cycles. Fifty-three women with
      primary infertility fulfilling all entry criteria entered the study. In the first
      6 cycles out of 29 home starters, 13 pregnancies were conceived, whereas in 24
      clinic starters 11 pregnancies occurred, yielding no statistical difference in
      pregnancy rate. Of 138 couples who did not meet the criteria in the same period,
      45 opted for home insemination, resulting in 20 home-inseminated pregnancies.
      Again, for comparable subgroups no statistical difference in pregnancy rate
      between home and clinic insemination was found.

PMID- 3371481
TI  - Artificial insemination: a comparison of pregnancy rates with intrauterine versus
      cervical insemination and washed sperm versus serum swim-up sperm preparations.
AB  - A four-cycle artificial insemination protocol was undertaken, with luteinizing
      hormone (LH) timing, to compare washed sperm and serum swim-up sperm preparations
      and cervical and intrauterine insemination. Of the 75 patients entered into the
      protocol series, 63 finished all 4 cycles. During the treatment period, 24
      patients became pregnant, 20 of whom were donor (AID) pregnancies (out of 52
      patients) and 4 were husband (AIH) pregnancies (out of 11 patients). Seventy-five
      percent of the pregnancies were intrauterine, whereas only 25% were from cervical
      inseminations. Sixty-two percent of the pregnancies were due to serum swim-up
      sperm preparations, and 38% were due to washed sperm preparations. The data
      indicate substantially higher pregnancy rates can be obtained with intrauterine
      insemination and suggest that additional studies are necessary to determine if
      the method of sperm preparation significantly influences pregnancy rates.

PMID- 3371482
TI  - Effect of age on the composition of seminiferous tubular boundary tissue and on
      the volume of each component in humans.
AB  - Seminiferous tubular boundary tissue thickens with age. The objective was to
      characterize the composition of boundary tissue in 16 young adult (20 to 29
      years) and 18 older adult (51 to 84 years) men. Testes were perfused with
      glutaraldehyde, placed in osmium, and embedded in Epon 812 (Ladd Research
      Industries, Burlington, VT). Paired testicular weight, length of tubules, volume
      of seminiferous epithelium, and daily sperm production were significantly reduced
      in older men. Although the thickness of boundary tissue was greater (P less than
      0.01) in older men, the volume of boundary tissue per man was similar between age
      groups. The percentages and volumes per man of boundary tissue myoid cells,
      collagen, microfibrils, and other components also were similar (P greater than
      0.05) between age groups. This study confirms that age-related thickening of
      boundary tissue occurs without the new deposition (augmentation) of collagen or
      other extracellular components.

PMID- 3371483
TI  - Human male infertility caused by degeneration and death of sperm in the
      epididymis.
AB  - Four patients with persistent oligospermia and necrospermia were found to have
      severely degenerated sperm in the ejaculate. However, in those examined,
      testicular sperm were ultrastructurally normal, indicating that sperm
      degeneration and death was occurring during epididymal passage or storage or both
      or upon mixing with the seminal plasma at ejaculation. Seminal plasma was found
      to be nontoxic to normal donor sperm. In three patients, frequent ejaculation
      (two ejaculates per day for 4 or 5 days) was used to deplete epididymal sperm
      reserves and reduce the period spent in the epididymis. This resulted in a
      threefold to sevenfold increase in percentage of motile sperm in the ejaculate
      and a similar increase in sperm motility index. The authors propose the term
      "epididymal necrospermia" to describe this previously undefined type of male
      infertility.

PMID- 3371484
TI  - Do the results of semen analysis predict future fertility? A survival analysis
      study.
AB  - The authors examined the results of the initial semen analysis from 1089 couples
      in an infertility clinic. The distributions of the values for various semen
      variables among couples who remained infertile were very similar to those among
      couples who later conceived. A cutoff point was selected in each pair of
      distributions to compare the cumulative probability of conception for couples
      with higher and lower results. The authors took into account the varying times to
      conception or loss to follow-up by using life table analysis. No statistically
      significant differences were found at the P = 0.05 level of significance. Cox's
      univariate and multiple regression models were then used to investigate the
      relationship between various semen characteristics and future fertility. Finding
      no significant influence of any semen characteristic on the cumulative
      probability of conception, the authors believe that using specific values of the
      semen analysis to estimate the potential for fertility of infertile couples is
      not useful.

PMID- 3371485
TI  - Reduction of postoperative pelvic adhesions in the rabbit with Gore-Tex surgical
      membrane.
AB  - Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore and Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ) surgical membrane (SM),
      a nonreactive expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), was used in 24 mature New
      Zealand rabbits (2200 to 3000 gm) to cover 2-cm2 ischemic defects in the pelvic
      sidewall peritoneum to reduce adhesion formation in a rabbit pelvic
      sidewall/uterine horn injury model. SM was randomly assigned to cover one defect;
      the opposite defect remained uncovered, each animal serving as its own control.
      Rabbits were sacrificed 3 weeks later, and adhesions between uterine horn and
      pelvic sidewall or SM were scored for extent (0 to 4), type (0 to 4), and
      tenacity (0 to 3). Injury sites were removed en bloc for histologic study. The
      mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) adhesion score for SM-covered lesions (4.3 +/-
      1.8) was significantly lower than for controls (9.1 +/- 2.5) (P less than 0.001;
      Wilcoxon Signed Rank test). By histology, none of 24 SM-covered lesions
      demonstrated adhesions to the membrane itself, whereas 19 of the 24 control
      lesions showed dense adhesions to the injury site (P less than 0.001; chi-square
      test). By both gross and microscopic assessment, SM was nonadherent to the
      underlying sidewall defect in 100% of cases. In conclusion, Gore-Tex surgical
      membrane is an effective barrier for reducing primary adhesions in this pelvic
      injury model and offers promise for adhesion reduction in human pelvic surgery.

PMID- 3371486
TI  - Increased occurrence of autoimmune disease among women exposed in utero to
      diethylstilbestrol.

PMID- 3371488
TI  - Nonsurgical management of ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3371487
TI  - Spironolactone does not affect in vitro androgen secretion by human granulosa
      luteal cells.
AB  - Although spironolactone has been documented to decrease peripheral serum androgen
      levels in women treated for androgen excess of ovarian origin, the site of action
      does not appear to be the granulosa cell. In vitro cell culture studies using
      human granulosa-luteal cells isolated from women undergoing ovarian stimulation
      for IVF have shown no affect on T, delta 4A, or DHT secretion in the presence of
      clinically therapeutic levels of spironolactone (0-10(-6) M). In addition,
      neither P nor E2 production was affected by increasing concentrations of
      spironolactone.

PMID- 3371489
TI  - CO2 laser versus electromicrosurgery.

PMID- 3371490
TI  - Selective termination in multiple gestations.

PMID- 3371491
TI  - The American Fertility Society classifications of adnexal adhesions, distal tubal
      occlusion, tubal occlusion secondary to tubal ligation, tubal pregnancies,
      mullerian anomalies and intrauterine adhesions.

PMID- 3371492
TI  - Inhibition of folliculogenesis and ovulation by the antiprogesterone RU 486.
AB  - Healthy, regularly menstruating women were treated with the antiprogesterone RU
      486, Mifepristone (Roussel-Uclaf, Romainville, France) during the follicular
      phase of the cycle. Three women were given 25 mg of RU 486 on days 1 to 14 of the
      cycle and five received 25 mg on days 1 to 21 of the cycle. Venous blood samples
      were collected three times per week during a control cycle and during one
      treatment cycle in each subject. Serum concentrations of estradiol (E2),
      progesterone (P), and RU 486 were determined by radioimmunoassays. No drug
      related side effects and no spotting or bleeding during RU 486 treatment were
      observed. Menstrual bleeding was delayed by 8.7 +/- 3.8 days (mean +/- SD) after
      treatment over days 1 to 14 and by 12.6 +/- 3.2 days after treatment over days 1
      to 21. During the treatment with RU 486, the serum concentrations of E2 remained
      low, indicating effective inhibition of folliculogenesis. After cessation of RU
      486 treatment, serum E2 levels rose to similar values as in the control cycle,
      and subsequently serum P concentrations also reached ovulatory levels in six out
      of the eight volunteers. The results showed that the antiprogesterone RU 486
      delayed folliculogenesis and luteinization even at low doses when given during
      the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. It is speculated that this property
      of RU 486 could be utilized in the design of an estrogen-free combined oral
      contraceptives.

PMID- 3371493
TI  - Infertility: intrapersonal and interpersonal impact.
AB  - Few experimentally rigorous studies have been conducted to determine the
      emotional impact of the infertility investigation on the infertile couple. In
      response to the deficit in rigorous experimental research, a longitudinal,
      exploratory study of 43 primary infertile couples was conducted. The study was
      conducted to determine if changes occurred in the marital relationships, sexual
      satisfaction, and levels of psychologic distress of the couples in the study as
      they progressed through the medical investigation of their infertility. Changes
      were assessed based on sex, diagnostic information, and time spent trying to
      conceive. Results indicated that significant distress was experienced by couples
      during the initial medical interview and at the time of diagnosis. Relationship
      quality did not appear to deteriorate as a result of the medical investigation;
      however, questions were raised regarding the sexual relationships of couples
      receiving an unexplained infertility diagnosis.

PMID- 3371494
TI  - Early human pregnancy in vitro utilizing an artificially perfused uterus.
AB  - The penetration of luminal epithelium in the uterine cavity represents the
      crucial event that triggers the failure of embryo implant, thus limiting the
      possibility of fertility control. The purpose of our study was to implant a human
      blastocyst, cultured in vitro, into a human uterus extracorporeally perfused with
      an oxygenated medium. For this purpose, human blastocysts, collected from
      patients who underwent IVF program because of irreparable tubal infertility, were
      injected under the luminal epithelium of human perfused uteri. Light and electron
      microscopy showed that human blastocyst can successfully undergo the stage of
      implantation and trophoblastic invasion in 52 hours of extracorporeal perfusion.

PMID- 3371495
TI  - [How to make the hospitalization of a child the least possible traumatic
      experience].

PMID- 3371496
TI  - [Transcapillary fluid exchange in the heart infused with increasing doses of
      noradrenaline].
AB  - The velocity of transcapillary shift of fluid in the heart, the resistance
      against blood flow in the heart arterial and venous vessels, the capillary
      filtration coefficient were assessed in the cat isolated heart perfused with a
      donor--cat blood. The capillary hydrostatic pressure, at 0 and 10 mm Hg venous
      pressure in the heart, was 5.1 +/- 1.2 and 16.3 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, resp. Infusion of
      noradrenaline lowered the capillary hydrostatic pressure. The average capillary
      filtration coefficient was 0.22 +/- 0.03 ml/min/100 g/mm Hg in the heart and did
      not depend on the venous pressure. Noradrenaline increased the coefficient.

PMID- 3371497
TI  - [Paradoxical phenomenon of an increase in smooth muscle tonus of the cardiac
      arteries as affected by the combined action of vasoconstrictors].
AB  - Removal of any component out of a set of biologically active substances augmented
      the coronary arteries smooth muscle tone. The phenomenon is discussed in respect
      to participation of intracellular regulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 3371498
TI  - [Cardiac relaxation and distensibility in energy deficit].
AB  - Changes in the cardiac pump function, contractility, relaxation and
      distensibility in progressive metabolic blockade induced with dinitrophenol, were
      compared in the guinea pig isolated heart. A fall in relaxation and
      distensibility occurred first and was more obvious than a fall in contractility
      or the cardiac output. The same relationships were observed in isolated hearts of
      rats with myocardial phosphocreatine deficiency. The fall in relaxation and
      distensibility seem to be the necessary sign of acute or chronic myocardial
      energy deficiency.

PMID- 3371499
TI  - [Myocardial contraction and relaxation in a regimen with a physiological loading
      sequence].
AB  - A regimen imitating the intact heart loads revealed independence of the terminal
      systolic strength of the trajectory of shortening in the isolated myocardium, the
      strength being determined by the terminal-systolic length of the preparation, the
      latter being also the mechanical determinant of velocity of the relaxation
      isometric phase. The heterometric relaxation portion revealed within the
      distension phase, depended on the distension velocity, diastolic rigidity and the
      terminal-systolic length. The experimental possibilities of the regimen are
      discussed.

PMID- 3371500
TI  - [Role of ATP and phosphocreatine in regulating the contraction and protection of
      the ischemic heart].

PMID- 3371501
TI  - [Mechanisms for improving the energy metabolism and function of the hypoxic
      myocardium with amino acids].
AB  - The relationship between metabolism of the main myocardial amino acids,
      glutamate, aspartate and alanine, and energy state of hypoxic myocardium, was
      studied. Depression of cardiac contractile function during asphyxia in rats was
      accompanied by a decrease in glutamate mitochondrial and tissue contents and an
      increase in the tissue alanine and mitochondrial aspartate. The reduction of
      mitochondrial glutamate in asphyxia was related to losses of intramitochondrial
      ATP and state 3 respiration with glutamate and malate. Using NMR technique,
      exogenous glutamate and oxaloacetate were shown to increase succinate formation
      coupled with ATP and CTP production in the rat heart mitochondria in absence of
      aeration. These data suggest that glutamate and products of its transamination
      decrease the contraction of hypoxic myocardium stimulating anaerobic energy
      formation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

PMID- 3371502
TI  - [Cardiac output and systemic pressor reactions].
AB  - In acute experiments on cats, participation of coronary and systemic fractions
      was studied in suppression of the carotid sinus baroreceptors with occlusion of
      the carotid arteries and under stimulation of the tibial nerve's afferent fibers.
      In most of the tests, systemic fraction was reduced under occlusion of the
      carotid arteries and increased under stimulation of the tibial nerve. The
      coronary fraction was always increased. The alterations in cardiac output (the
      sum of systemic and coronary fractions) differ considerably from those in
      systemic fraction. The role of coronary fraction in evaluation of cardiac output
      under several reflex pressor reactions, is discussed.

PMID- 3371503
TI  - [Analysis of the myocardial contractile function of the left ventricle in
      neurogenic myocardial dystrophy].
AB  - Cardiac disturbances in patients with neurogenic myocardial dystrophy are
      characterized by the increase of systolic portion in cardiac cycle due to
      isometric contraction phase and the tension period as well as shortening of the
      diastolic duration. These myocardial disturbances are of extracardiac nature and
      their elimination is a prophylactic factor against development of a number of
      cardio-vascular diseases.

PMID- 3371504
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the cardiac electrical fields on the body surface
      in Wistar and Kyoto-Wistar strain rats].
AB  - Instantaneous charts revealed different distribution of surface potential in
      adult normotensive Wistar (W) and Kyoto-Wistar (WKY) rats after reaching the peak
      of the QRS-complex, contrary displacement of the positive extremum over the body
      surface. Function of the right ventricle prevailed in the WKY rats.

PMID- 3371505
TI  - [Dynamics of the carotid baroreflex and of blood catecholamines during hand
      press].
AB  - To evaluate the contribution of cortical and peripheral reflexes in originating
      pressor reaction, the carotid baroreceptor and sympatho-adrenal activity
      (according to plasma noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine levels) were studied
      during voluntary handgrip. Differences were found in the pattern of adrenergic
      responses during and after contraction when only muscle blood receptors were
      activated by the products of anaerobic metabolism. The data indicate that the
      inhibition of a heart component of carotid baroreceptor is related to central
      motor command.

PMID- 3371506
TI  - [Reactions of the circulatory system to static load in athletes and persons less
      well trained].
AB  - Different cardiovascular responses were assessed in untrained men (1 group) and
      sportsmen (2 group). The 2 group responses were more economic due to effective
      vascular reactions, whereas in the 1 group the increase of blood flow during
      exercise was provided ba cardiac output and to a lesser extent by vascular
      reactions. Physiological value of the responses and vegetative prognostic
      criteria of fatigue limiting physical work, are discussed.

PMID- 3371508
TI  - [Studies on the pituitary and thyroid function in patients with nonthyroid
      illnesses].
AB  - Serum thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations were determined in patients with
      nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI) including 26 patients with chronic renal failure on
      hemodialysis, 15 patients with end-stage malignancy and 21 normal controls. Serum
      TSH levels were measured by a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay Kit (RIA
      gnost hTSH) and free-T4 levels were determined not only by both back-titration
      method and T4 derivative method, but also by magnesium precipitation method using
      equilibrium dialysis. TSH levels in normal controls ranged from 0.6 to 2.4
      microU/ml. In 40 of 41 patients with NTI, serum T3 levels were less than 100
      ng/dl, and 37 patients had diminished T3 levels, as compared with those in normal
      controls. Moreover, serum T4 levels were also diminished in 19 patients with NTI,
      and T4 levels related significantly to serum TBG levels in all patients with NTI
      (r = +0.76, p less than 0.01), suggesting that the diminution of T4 levels in
      patients with NTI can be explained partly by decreased TBG levels. However, it
      was remarkable that free T4 levels in serum, determined by RIA kits, were
      decreased in approximately half of the patients with NTI. Free T4 levels by the
      magnesium precipitation method were still lower in these patients when compared
      with those in normal controls. Serum TSH levels in patients with NTI showed a
      wide scattering from below to above the normal range, and the mean value was not
      significantly different from that in normal controls. No significant relations
      were found between TSH levels and T4, T3, or free T4 levels in patients with
      NTI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371507
TI  - [Noninvasive assessment of the contractile activity of the human myocardium by
      the end-systolic volume-pressure ratio of the left ventricle].

PMID- 3371509
TI  - [The role of calcium in LH release from the pituitary by phorbol ester].
AB  - GnRH stimulates LH release from pituitary cells, and this process is calcium
      dependent. On the other hand, phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA), a potent activator of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
      (protein kinase C), stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) release from rat
      pituitary cells. To investigate the involvement of the calcium dependent process
      in LH release by TPA, the effects of calcium channel antagonists, verapamil and
      nifedipine, on TPA-mediated LH release were compared with those of a GnRH
      superagonist, [D-Ala6] des-Gly10-GnRH N-ethylamide (GnRHa) in cultured pituitary
      cells. Furthermore, pituitary cells saturated with 45Ca2+ were stimulated by
      GnRHa or TPA and calcium mobilization after the stimuli were monitored. The
      pituitary cells from adult male rats were dispersed by trypsin and cultured for 3
      days. Cultured pituitary cells were incubated with GnRHa or TPA in the presence
      of increasing concentrations of verapamil or nifedipine for 3hrs, and LH released
      into medium was measured by RIA for rat LH. For 45Ca2+ experiment, 3 day-cultured
      pituitary cells were saturated with 45Ca2+ (10(6) cells/1 microCi/100
      microliters) and incubated with secretagogues for the indicated times.
      Incubations were terminated by filtration, and the radioactivity on the filter
      was measured by a beta-counter. LH release was stimulated by 0.1 nM TPA, and the
      maximum response at 10 nM TPA was 50% of the LH response to GnRHa. A23187 also
      stimulated LH release in relatively high concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M), and no
      additive stimulatory effect was observed when a half-maximal dose of TPA (10(-9)
      M) was added with increasing concentrations of A23187. Verapamil partially
      inhibited both GnRHa- and TPA-stimulated LH release, and a similar inhibitory
      effect on LH release was observed when nifedipine was incubated with GnRHa or
      TPA, although high concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M) of nifedipine stimulated LH
      release induced by GnRHa and TPA. GnRHa and TPA stimulated 45Ca2+ influx into the
      cells, and its peak was observed 15 and 30 seconds after stimulation,
      respectively, while GnRH antagonist did not mobilize 45Ca2+ until 120 seconds
      after stimulation. These results suggest that TPA-stimulated LH release from
      pituitary cells involves a calcium dependent process as does GnRH-stimulated LH
      release.

PMID- 3371510
TI  - The dilemma of the nursing shortage.

PMID- 3371511
TI  - The state of peer review in Delaware today.

PMID- 3371512
TI  - Intermittent torticollis.

PMID- 3371513
TI  - On the diagnosis and prevention of bilateral gluteal hypermalacia atrophicans
      syndrome (or Gallup Poll disease)

PMID- 3371514
TI  - Delaware is In Touch.

PMID- 3371515
TI  - [Reports from the 17th World Congress of Dermatology. Dermatology on five
      continents. 24-29 May 1987, Berlin (West)].

PMID- 3371516
TI  - [Epidemiology of malignant melanoma in East Germany. II. Mortality,
      mortality/incidence rates, survival rate, loss of work years].

PMID- 3371517
TI  - [Sensitizing Primula species. Measurement of allergens, skin tests and potential
      cross reactions].

PMID- 3371518
TI  - [Dependence of UV-A irradiation on the distance to cylindrical radiation
      sources].

PMID- 3371519
TI  - [Which concentration of urea is necessary for external therapy?].

PMID- 3371520
TI  - Erythema nodosum following thalidomide therapy for Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3371521
TI  - Are corneocytes elastic?
AB  - By using a microhandling system, we have recorded the force necessary to elongate
      isolated corneocytes. According to certain hypothesis, it appears that the
      elastic modulus of corneocyte is far higher than that of stratum corneum itself.
      Aggregates of corneocytes are disassembled by forces with a wide range of
      intensity. In the light of these experiments, stratum corneum appears as a very
      supple material where the deformations occur more by a plastification of the
      intercellular medium and an unfolding of the microrelief lines than an elongation
      of the corneocytes themselves. Moreover, desmosomes remnants could play a certain
      role in the corneocytes cohesiveness.

PMID- 3371522
TI  - Modification of lymphocyte subsets in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the
      skin during proquazone treatment.
AB  - This study deals with 13 patients who volunteered for serial biopsies during
      proquazone treatment which proved to be effective in the majority of the cases.
      The immunocompetent cells in the inflammatory cell infiltrates were characterized
      by a panel of monoclonal antibodies: OKT11, OKT4, OKT8, OKT6, NK-9 and Leu-14.
      Before proquazone treatment there was only a slight predominance of OKT4-positive
      cells as compared to OKT8-positive cells but a rather high number of NK-9
      positive natural killer or activated cytotoxic T cells. The pattern of
      inflammatory cell subclasses changed during the treatment and the most striking
      difference was the reduction in the number of the NK-9-positive cells. It is
      proposed that Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (LIS) should be
      viewed as an entity and that proquazone possibly acts by modulating the pattern
      and activation stage of lymphocyte subclasses in LIS.

PMID- 3371523
TI  - Generalized epidermolysis bullosa with congenital synechiae, associated
      malformations and unusual ultrastructure: a new entity?
AB  - A male newborn presented at birth with marked skin fragility and widespread
      erosions of the face, scalp, trunk and extremities. Abnormal associated findings
      included: cleft palate, hypoplastic low-set ears, bilateral synechiae of the
      first and second toes, incomplete fusion of both eyelids, and dystrophic nails.
      There was no evidence of consanguineous parentage. The karyotype was normal. The
      baby died at 3 days of age because of pulmonary distress. As demonstrated by
      light and electron microscopy, there were both epidermolytic and dermolytic
      features. Desmosomes and tonofilaments were decreased in most basal cells.
      Hemidesmosomes were normal. Anchoring fibrils were rare. This type of
      epidermolysis bullosa does not fit any known categories of disease.

PMID- 3371524
TI  - Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa of Cockayne-Touraine in father and son:
      clinical and ultrastructural similarities.
AB  - Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa of Cockayne-Touraine occurred in a
      father and his son. Clinically, the child presented evident blistering, while the
      father, despite of his work, where minimal skin traumata frequently occur, was
      rarely affected. Absent or rudimentary anchoring fibrils were seen in the normal
      appearing skin of the father; this suggests that other factors may play a role in
      the dermolytic separation.

PMID- 3371525
TI  - Eosinophilic histiocytosis. A subset of lymphomatoid papulosis.
AB  - A 43-year-old male with a 23-year history of small-plaque-type parapsoriasis
      developed a chronic recurrent self-healing papulonodular and tumoral cutaneous
      eruption. The microscopic findings were consistent with eosinophilic
      histiocytosis. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed a
      population of T lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocyte-macrophage cells in the
      dermal infiltrate. These findings confirm the similarities between eosinophilic
      histiocytosis and lymphomatoid papulosis suggesting that the former may be a
      clinicopathologic variant of the latter.

PMID- 3371526
TI  - A high-yield cell-free system of protein synthesis of mouse liver.
AB  - 1. A fractionated cell-free system of protein synthesis has been developed from
      mouse liver. It is composed of polysomes, "pH 5" fraction, Mg2+, K+, ATP and a
      ATP generating system. 2. It operates optimally at 30-37 degrees C, in the
      presence of 4 mM MgCl2 and 90 mM KCl. 3. Spermine is highly inhibitory, while
      spermidine shows a bimodal action, in that submillimolar concentrations
      stimulate, while millimolar concentrations inhibit protein synthesis. 4. Both
      spermine and spermidine show an interesting selectivity, in that, even though
      they inhibit incorporation of amino acids into most proteins, they stimulate
      incorporation into a few proteins. 5. The system can be rendered mRNA-dependent,
      either by preincubation or by treatment with micrococcal nuclease. In both cases
      globin mRNA as well as TMV RNA are faithfully translated. 6. Compared to other
      published mammalian fractionated cell-free systems, the mouse liver system is
      more efficient by approximately one order of magnitude, since the rate of
      incorporation of leucine per min is 30 pmol/mg protein or 435 pmol/mg RNA or 1
      mol/mol ribosomes.

PMID- 3371527
TI  - Effect of pyruvate, octanoate and glucose on leucine degradation in skeletal
      muscle from fed and fasted chicks.
AB  - 1. Pyruvate at 5 mM decreased the rate of leucine oxidative decarboxylation and
      increased the rate of 2-oxoisocaproate production in extensor digitorum communis
      (EDC) muscles from both fed and 24-hr fasted chicks. Pyruvate at 5 mM increased
      the net rate of leucine transamination in EDC muscle from fed chicks and had no
      effect in EDC muscles from 24-hr fasted chicks. 2. Octanoate at 0.2 and 1 mM
      markedly increased the rates of net leucine transamination, leucine oxidative
      decarboxylation and oxidation of decarboxylated leucine carbons 2-6 in EDC
      muscles from fed chicks, but had no effect on these parameters of leucine
      degradation in muscles from 24-hr fasted chicks. 3. Glucose at 5 and 12 mM
      decreased the rates of leucine oxidative decarboxylation and oxidation of
      decarboxylated leucine carbons 2-6, and increased the net rate of 2
      oxoisocaproate production as compared to control (no glucose) group in muscles
      from fed chicks. Glucose had no effect on these parameters of leucine degradation
      in muscles from 24-hr fasted chicks.

PMID- 3371528
TI  - A Science and Engineering Research Council perspective on the supervision of
      research students and on completion rates for Ph.D. theses.

PMID- 3371529
TI  - Monitoring and assessment of a research student's project.

PMID- 3371530
TI  - Postgraduate education in the biomedical sciences: a New Zealand perspective.

PMID- 3371531
TI  - A European perspective on postgraduate education.

PMID- 3371533
TI  - A public sector viewpoint of research.

PMID- 3371532
TI  - A student's view of postgraduate education.

PMID- 3371534
TI  - Affinity purification of antibodies using antigens immobilized on solid supports.

PMID- 3371535
TI  - Protein-blot analysis of receptor-ligand interactions.

PMID- 3371536
TI  - Plasma protein analysis by immunoblotting.
AB  - We have demonstrated the value of immunoblotting techniques for the examination
      of the variant forms of plasma proteins. Furthermore, by preincubation of samples
      with the appropriate enzymes or ligands it is possible, using immunoblotting, to
      examine the molecular basis and functional significance of plasma protein
      microheterogeneity.

PMID- 3371537
TI  - Blotting analysis of adhesive proteins: an evaluation of the technique using
      B16F10 malignant melanoma cells.

PMID- 3371538
TI  - High resolution structure and catalytic action of human glutathione reductase.

PMID- 3371539
TI  - Mutagenesis of paired cysteine residues in the disulphide-containing flavoprotein
      mercuric ion reductase from mercury-resistant bacteria.

PMID- 3371540
TI  - Protein disulphide-isomerase: a homologue of thioredoxin implicated in the
      biosynthesis of secretory proteins.

PMID- 3371541
TI  - Regulation of sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2) levels in the soluble fraction of
      rat Leydig cells. Kinetics and the possible role of calcium influx.
AB  - The rate-determining step in steroidogenesis is the conversion of cholesterol to
      pregnenolone by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. The transport of
      substrate for this reaction may be facilitated by sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2).
      In rat testis tissue SCP2 is specifically localized in the Leydig cells and
      tissue levels of SCP2 are regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). The present
      study concerns short-term regulation of SCP2 in isolated rat Leydig cells. Levels
      of SCP2 in the membrane-free supernatant are increased 2-fold already after 2 min
      incubation with LH and remain elevated for 24 h. The same response occurs with
      cells preincubated in the presence of cycloheximide for 4 h. SCP2 levels are also
      2-fold increased after incubation with dibutyryl cAMP or 4 beta-phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate (PMA) whereas these compounds stimulate steroid production
      5.5- and 2-fold respectively. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), which
      can stimulate steroid production more than 3-fold, does not influence SCP2
      levels, neither are SCP2 levels altered when LH is added in the presence of the
      Ca2+-channel blocker diltiazem or in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. A
      restoration of the LH effect on SCP2 levels was already obtained in the presence
      of 1 microM extracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that Ca2+ influx through
      the plasma membrane may play an important role in the control of SCP2 levels. In
      most of the experiments no correlation between steroid production and SCP2 levels
      could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371542
TI  - Ovarian oxytocin and progesterone are secreted independently of one another.
AB  - Experiments were performed with cultured bovine granulosa cells to examine the
      relationship between the secretions of oxytocin and progesterone and to determine
      whether progesterone could be responsible for the progressive refractoriness of
      these cells to stimulation by ascorbic acid. Aminoglutethimide suppressed
      progesterone secretion by 95% but it neither reduced oxytocin secretion nor
      restored the cellular response to delayed ascorbate treatment. Addition of a high
      concentration of progesterone to the culture medium also failed to affect
      oxytocin secretion, its stimulation by ascorbate, or the endogenous secretion of
      the steroid. It is concluded that oxytocin and progesterone can be independently
      secreted and that progesterone regulates neither its own secretion nor that of
      oxytocin.

PMID- 3371543
TI  - Modulation of estrogen receptors by phorbol diesters in human breast MCF-7 cell
      line.
AB  - Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) results
      in an inhibition of cell proliferation and a reduction in the number of estrogen
      receptors (ER), shown by binding studies and immunoassay. The decrease in ER
      concentration induced by phorbol ester derivatives parallels their growth
      inhibitory effect. Moreover, the estrogen receptor of TPA-resistant RPh4 cells
      (which are insensitive to the antiproliferative and morphological effects of TPA)
      is not affected by TPA treatment. The reduction in ER concentration appear to be
      a specific phenomenon since it contrasted with the 2-fold increase in total cell
      protein content which included an increase in progesterone receptor (PgR). We
      also found that addition of TPA does not affect estrogen induction of PgR.

PMID- 3371544
TI  - Androgens modulate epidermal growth factor receptor levels in the rat ventral
      prostate.
AB  - In order to further understand the factors which influence the normal or
      pathologic growth of the prostate, we have characterized the receptor for
      epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the rat ventral prostate and have studied the
      hormonal regulation in this receptor. EGF binds to a single class of saturable,
      high affinity binding sites in total prostatic homogenate. Scatchard analysis of
      the binding data reveals an apparent dissociation constant (KD) of 0.93 +/- 0.08
      nM and a number of sites of 4.01 +/- 0.24 fmol per mg protein. Among the peptides
      tested, only native EGF can displace bound [125I]EGF. Castration stimulates the
      concentration of prostatic EGF receptors from 25.5 +/- 3.0 to 43.4 +/- 5.4
      fmol/100 mg tissue in intact and castrated animals, respectively (P less than
      0.01). Treatment of castrated rats with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibits the
      rise in prostatic EGF receptor concentration induced by orchiectomy, while
      estradiol, progesterone or the dopaminergic agonist CB-154, have no effect.
      Combined administration of DHT with the other above-mentioned steroids or CB-154
      does not modify the inhibition of prostatic EGF receptor concentration induced by
      the androgen in castrated animals. When the data are expressed as changes in EGF
      receptor number in the total prostate, DHT treatment reverses the inhibitory
      effect induced by castration and yields an EGF binding capacity comparable to
      that measured in intact animals. Chronic treatment with a pure antiandrogen or a
      potent LHRH agonist (LHRH-A) alone has no significant effect on EGF receptor
      concentration in prostatic tissue, although, secondary to a reduction in
      prostatic weight, total prostatic EGF binding capacity is reduced following
      antiandrogen or LHRH-A treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371545
TI  - Distribution of estrogen receptors in the rat pituitary as studied by in situ
      hybridization.
AB  - The localization of estrogen receptors in the rat pituitary gland was performed
      by in situ hybridization. The probe used was a synthetic oligonucleotide probe
      labelled with 35S complementary to the mRNA coding for a fragment (1-24) of
      estrogen receptor. Strong labelling was observed in cells of the anterior and
      intermediate lobes whereas the posterior lobe remains unlabelled. These results
      suggest that not only the anterior lobe but also the intermediate lobe is a
      target for estrogens.

PMID- 3371547
TI  - Androgen regulation of canine prostatic arginine esterase mRNA using cloned cDNA.
AB  - Canine prostatic arginine esterase complementary DNA has been cloned in pPBS27, a
      new cloning vector. The relative abundance of androgen-regulated mRNA in intact
      dog prostate was reflected by the finding that a high proportion of the clones in
      the cDNA library hybridized strongly by plaque or colony hybridization with a
      poly(A)+ RNA probe from intact dog prostate but not with a poly(A)+ RNA probe
      from castrated dog prostate. One clone carrying a 400 base pairs cDNA insert was
      selected for further studies. Translation of the hybrid-selected RNA in a cell
      free system resulted in the production of a 31 kDa peptide immunoprecipitable by
      antibodies against arginine esterase. This identification was confirmed by
      partial sequence analysis of the cDNA revealing an encoding protein with high
      homology to known kallikreins. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ and total RNA
      showed that arginine esterase mRNA had an approximate size of 1.0 kb which
      corresponded to a major androgen-regulated RNA species that could be observed
      after denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis of prostatic poly(A)+ RNA from
      intact dogs. Dot-blot analysis showed that dogs which had been castrated 3 weeks
      before had more than 100-fold lower arginine esterase mRNA level than intact dogs
      or castrated dogs treated with Depo-testosterone.

PMID- 3371546
TI  - Characterization of calmodulin-binding components in the pituitary gonadotrope.
AB  - We have used an 125I-calmodulin gel overlayer assay to identify calmodulin
      binding component in the rat pituitary. Tissue-specific and Ca2+ -dependent
      patterns of 125I-calmodulin binding were observed, with five major Ca2+-dependent
      125I-calmodulin-labeled components of subunit Mr greater than 205,000, 200,000,
      135,000, 60,000, and 52,000. Ca2+-dependent binding was defined as that which was
      abolished in the presence of 1 mM EGTA. Calmodulin binding was inhibited by
      calmodulin antagonists such as penfluridol (1 microM) or pimozide (1 microM).
      Some Ca2+-independent binding was observed and appears to be due to (nonspecific)
      hydrophobic interaction of calmodulin with acid-soluble proteins, principally
      histones. Subcellular fractionation revealed that the Ca2+-dependent calmodulin
      binding components are localized primarily in the cytosolic fraction. Separation
      of dispersed anterior pituitary cells by a linear metrizamide gradient yielded
      gonadotrope-enriched fractions; these contained all five 125I-calmodulin-binding
      components corresponding to the major bands in the pituitary homogenate. Studies
      with ovariectomized and steroid-replaced animals indicated that the tissue
      content of calmodulin-binding components, like those of calmodulin itself, did
      not appear to be differentially regulated by steroids. A comparison of rat and
      bovine pituitary tissue homogenates revealed that binding components migrating at
      the same apparent Mrs were found for four of the components (the largest
      component is lacking in the bovine system).

PMID- 3371548
TI  - Characterization of a biotin-conjugated ovine prolactin ligand.
AB  - Ovine prolactin was biotinylated with N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin. Biotinylation
      was proportional to the molar ratio of reactants. Gel electrophoresis of the
      biotinylated derivative revealed little or no change in migration, but
      isoelectric focusing showed an acidic shift when compared to oPRL. Biotinylated
      ovine prolactin (B-oPRL) was detected by anti-oPRL antiserum and avidin
      fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) on protein blots. Competitive binding assays
      using 125I-B-oPRL and 125I-oPRL revealed: (a) similar dissociation constants and
      ID50 values for binding to anti-oPRL antibodies; (b) similar dissociation
      constants and maximum binding values for binding to liver membrane preparations;
      and (c) similar dissociation curves for displacement by several pituitary
      hormones. In contrast, binding of biotinylated oPRL to Nb2 node cells was reduced
      by approximately 70% and its bioreactivity was only 10% of that of oPRL. Our
      results indicate that biotinylation of oPRL does not alter its binding
      characteristics as measured by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay using
      hepatic lactogenic receptors, but decreases its binding and bioreactivity when
      measured in Nb2 lymphoma cells. Assuming that N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin
      interacts with reactive free amino groups of oPRL, our results suggest that these
      groups are essential for binding and bioreactivity of the molecule in the Nb2
      lymphoma cell system.

PMID- 3371549
TI  - Half-life of rat angiotensinogen: influence of nephrectomy and lipopolysaccharide
      stimulation.
AB  - The in vivo half-life of two differently glycosylated subforms of rat
      angiotensinogen (Ao), Ao-1 and Ao-2, was studied in native and nephrectomized
      rats, as well as in rats treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The metabolic
      clearance rate of both 125I-labeled derivatives fits a two-compartment model
      using a non-linear curve fitting program (SCTFIT). Both forms show an initial
      rapid phase with a half-life of about 1 h. This clearance rate was not altered by
      either nephrectomy or LPS administration. In the intact rat the two forms were
      eliminated with a second slower phase half-life of 8.07 h (Ao-1) and 4.53 h (Ao
      2), respectively. Following nephrectomy, in the absence of renin, the slower
      phase of clearance of both forms decreased (t1/2 Ao-1:9.77 h; t1/2 Ao-2: 10.50
      h). Induction of low renin concentrations by LPS administration decreased the
      half-life of the more highly glycosylated form Ao-1 (t1/2: 6.93 h), while that of
      Ao-2 increased (t1/2: 5.07 h). Inactive angiotensinogen, des-AngI-Ao, of both
      forms demonstrated a faster metabolic clearance rate in native rats than that of
      the intact glycoproteins (t1/2 Ao-1: 5.68 h; t1/2 Ao-2: 3.97 h). Based on the
      plasma levels of these two angiotensinogen subtypes in normal rats, these data
      suggest a higher secretion rate by the liver for the more highly glycosylated
      form Ao-1 and a slower clearance rate by the kidney. In contrast, the less
      glycosylated form shows more rapid elimination by the kidney. Following
      nephrectomy both glycoproteins are secreted and eliminated in an equimolar
      ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371550
TI  - Partial purification of rat kidney iodothyronine-5'-deiodinase by zonal
      centrifugation.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive assay of iodothyronine-5'-monodeiodinase (5'-D) was
      developed using Sephadex column chromatography for separation of substrate 125I
      rT3 from the product free 125I-. The distribution of 5'-D activity on rat kidney
      cortex cell membranes was examined in isopycnic zonal centrifugation experiments
      using Na,K-ATPase and NADH-cytochrome C reductase as markers for basolateral and
      intracellular membranes. 5'-D was mainly distributed on fractions containing
      endoplasmatic reticulum although some association with basolateral membranes
      could not be excluded. The isopycnic zonal centrifugation of a microsomal
      fraction prepared by differential centrifugation purified the 5'-D 8-9 times, 80
      90% of membrane-bound 5'-D could be solubilized in fully active form with the
      detergents CHAPS and C12E8. Solubilization led to a further 2- to 3-fold
      purification of the enzyme. The soluble preparation was used to characterize 5'-D
      and as antigens in preparation of monoclonal antibodies for further purification
      and characterization of 5'-D.

PMID- 3371551
TI  - Modulation of DNA binding of glucocorticoid receptors.
AB  - Glucocorticoid receptors of several rodent and human cell lines were subjected to
      mild proteolysis with several proteases. A hormone binding fragment of Mr
      approximately 40,000 was generated which had increased affinity for DNA as
      revealed by DNA-cellulose chromatography. It behaved similar to the truncated nti
      ('increased nuclear transfer') receptor of mutant mouse lymphoma cells. These
      data led to the view that wild-type receptors of Mr approximately 94,000 contain
      in addition to the functional domains for hormone binding and interaction with
      DNA a third domain ('modulation domain') which is essential for biological
      activity. Monoclonal antibodies against wild-type receptors were used in DNA
      binding experiments and increased affinity for DNA was observed. The data suggest
      that reacting the receptor with antibody leads to functional elimination of the
      modulation domain as if it were cleaved off by mild proteolysis. Antibody
      treatment neither caused nor inhibited receptor activation to a DNA binding form.

PMID- 3371553
TI  - The effect of nonnutritive sucking on heart rate in preterm infants.
AB  - A laboratory and a field experiment used within-subject designs to test the
      hypothesis that nonnutritive sucking (NNS) reduces heart rate (HR) in preterm
      infants. Infants in Experiment A were provided a standard pacifier nipple for 30
      min under strictly controlled conditions. In the field Experiment B, nursing
      staff provided infants with a standard pacifier during alternate intervals in a
      sequence of four interfeed intervals spanning 12 hr. NNS significantly reduced
      average HR in each experiment. Given the strongly positive relationship between
      HR and energy expenditure, these results suggest that NNS reduces energy
      expenditure in preterm infants. Such an effect, in turn, could help to explain
      how the opportunity to engage in NNS enhances growth in preterms.

PMID- 3371552
TI  - Effect of butyrate on thyroid hormone-mediated gene expression in rat pituitary
      tumour cells.
AB  - These studies correlate the effects of (sodium) butyrate on intranuclear thyroid
      hormone receptor levels, with influences on both endogenous and transfected rat
      growth hormone (rGH) gene expression and regulation by L-triiodothyronine (T3).
      In rat anterior pituitary tumour (GH3) cells, 5.0 mM butyrate elicits a biphasic
      reduction in the number of nuclear T3 receptors. About 75% are depleted rapidly
      (t1/2 = 7 h), and the remaining receptors are depleted more slowly (t1/2 = 59 h).
      GH3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of butyrate (0-5.0 mM),
      plus or minus 10 nM T3 for 48 h. Total cytoplasmic RNA, cellular protein and
      medium were analysed for rGH levels with radiolabelled rGH cDNA or antibodies. A
      greater than 50-fold increase in rGH mRNA level was seen after T3 treatment in
      the absence or presence of 0.1 mM butyrate. However, 1.0 and 5.0 mM butyrate
      decreased the stimulation of rGH mRNA levels by T3 to 10- and less than 2-fold,
      respectively. Control mRNA levels were decreased slightly by increasing butyrate
      concentrations; rGH mRNA level was 2- to 3-fold higher in the absence of 5 mM
      butyrate. The pattern of butyrate/T3 response displayed by both cellular and
      secreted rGH was similar to that seen with mRNA levels. Thus, the predominant
      effect of butyrate on T3-mediated regulation of growth hormone gene expression is
      at the level of transcription or mRNA accumulation. A hybrid gene containing 5'
      flanking DNA from the rGH gene fused to the bacterial gene coding for
      chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), was used to transfect rat pituitary
      tumour cells with or without butyrate and T3 treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371554
TI  - Reinforcers in infancy: classical conditioning using stroking or intra-oral
      infusions of milk as UCS.
AB  - Six-day-old rats received 20 forward pairings of an odor-conditioned stimulus
      (CS) with one of two unconditioned stimuli (UCS); 1) intra-oral milk infusions or
      2) stroking with a sable-hair brush. These UCS's produce a common general
      response of increased behavioral activity, but different specific behaviors. For
      each UCS, additional pups received backward pairings of the CS and UCS, random
      pairings of the CS and UCS, CS only, UCS only, or no stimuli. Four hours later,
      pups received a two-odor choice test to assess the development of an odor
      preference and a CS-only test to assess the acquisition of conditioned responding
      (CR). The results of the two-odor choice test indicated that for both UCS's only
      forward pairings of the CS and UCS resulted in an odor preference. Similarly, the
      CS-only test showed that only forward pairings of the CS and either UCS were
      effective in producing CR's; pups that received forward pairings exhibited
      increased behavioral activity during presentations of the CS, which is an
      unconditioned response (UCR) to both UCS's. Only the forward paired CS-milk UCS
      group exhibited increased mouthing and probing during the CS only test; these are
      UCR's that occur to milk infusions but infrequently to the stroking UCS. These
      results demonstrate the development of similar conditioned odor preferences using
      behaviorally activating UCS's, but CR's which are specific to the form of the
      UCR.

PMID- 3371555
TI  - Physical stimulation reduces the body temperature of infant rats.
AB  - Physical stimulation of rat pups, of the type normally received from the mother,
      has been shown to regulate several behavioral and physiological systems in the
      young. The present paper describes a possible role of physical stimulation in an
      additional physiological system; the thermoregulatory system. Within a
      thermoneutral environment, physical stimulation produces a decrease in rectal
      temperature (Expt. 1). Even in an environment of increasing temperature, similar
      to that pups experience when in contact with the dam, physical stimulation
      attenuates an increase in rectal temperature (Expt. 2). The physiological
      mechanism of heat loss appears to involve ventilatory heat exchange resulting in
      convective and evaporative heat loss (Expts. 3, 4). Furthermore, physical
      stimulation continues to produce a decrease in rectal temperature throughout the
      preweanling period (Expt. 5). These results suggest that pups may not always have
      to resort to behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms which require them to
      separate themselves from their mother. Rather, pups may be cooled, or at least a
      heat gain attenuated, by physical stimulation from the dam while maintaining
      contact with her.

PMID- 3371558
TI  - Ontogeny of susceptibility to experimental febrile seizures in rats.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted using microwave hyperthermia (MHT) to induce
      seizures among limited numbers of Long-Evans rat pups. The MHT model of febrile
      seizures eliminates several methodological complications inherent in previous
      animal models of the disorder. In Experiment 1, rat pups were rendered
      hyperthermic with MHT or were sham-irradiated on Days 11, 13, 15 or 17
      postpartum. The results indicate a statistically significant decline in seizure
      susceptibility with age. In Experiment 2, rats were subjected to either single or
      multiple hyperthermic episodes on Days 11, 13, 15, or 17 postpartum. The results
      indicate an increase in susceptibility to seizures attributable to prior seizure
      history. In both experiments, seizures were induced with increases in rectal
      temperature of 1 to 3 degrees C. The results parallel many clinical features of
      febrile seizures and argue the efficacy of the MHT model.

PMID- 3371557
TI  - Auditory evoked heart rate responses in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)
      raised in isolation.
AB  - Heart rate (HR) responses evoked by 1 sec of 85-dB white noise were studied in 12
      1-year-old pigtailed macaques, 6 of which were raised in social isolation and 6
      with mothers and peers. Tests were given for 5 days, with 25 trials each day.
      Although baseline HR did not differ between groups, the pattern of change from
      baseline was not the same. Isolates showed only HR acceleration, returning to
      baseline within 10-11 sec of stimulus onset. Socially reared monkeys had a 10- to
      11-sec biphasic response of acceleration followed by deceleration, with
      subsequent return to baseline. The same group difference in HR pattern occurred
      when subjects were tested with a less intense 65-dB stimulus. These findings were
      discussed in terms of activity, emotionality, and autonomic regulatory functions.
      It was concluded that early rearing experiences may affect later physiological
      processes involving autonomic nervous system balance. This conclusion was related
      to observations of persistent individual differences in HR by human children
      classified as inhibited.

PMID- 3371556
TI  - Physical stimulation reduces the brain temperature of infant rats.
AB  - Previous work indicated that physical stimulation, such as that which mimics the
      stimulation pups receive from the dam, reduces pup body temperature. The present
      paper reports that the body and brain temperature of 5-day-old pups covaried
      under steady-state thermal conditions, cold exposure, and warmth exposure (Expt.
      1) suggesting that body thermoregulatory mechanisms may also regulate brain
      temperature. Indeed, physically stimulating pups decreased brain temperature in
      the neocortex (Expt. 2) and the olfactory bulb (Expt. 3). The mechanism for this
      brain temperature decrease appears to be an increase in ventilatory heat
      exchange, the same mechanism responsible for the decrease in body temperature.
      Pups increased respiration during stimulation, thereby increasing air flow to the
      lungs where convective and evaporative heat exchange occurred. Indeed,
      stimulating pups in a high-humidity environment blocked the decrease in brain
      temperature (Expt. 4). The ability of physical stimulation to decrease brain
      temperature appears to be limited to neonatal pups, as 10-, 15-, and 20-day-old
      pups did not exhibit a brain temperature decrease in response to stimulation
      (Expt. 5).

PMID- 3371559
TI  - Fetal gender and aggression in pregnant stumptail monkeys (Macaca arctoides).
AB  - Agonistic behaviors of pregnant female stumptail monkeys, members of a large,
      well-integrated group continuously living together, were studied during 480
      observation hours (over 32 months). A total of 28 pregnancies of 20 females
      occurred, resulting in 12 male and 16 female live infants. The main finding was a
      significant decline in aggression, both received and performed, during the course
      of pregnancy. There was no clear unequivocal effect of fetal gender on aggressive
      behavior of the mothers-to-be.

PMID- 3371560
TI  - Prenatal antagonism of stress by naltrexone administration: early and long
      lasting effects on emotional behaviors in mice.
AB  - The effects of prenatal exposure to stress and to naltrexone on emotional
      behaviors were studied in CD1 mice during ontogeny and in the adulthood. During
      ontogeny (a) lower body weights were initially found in pups born by mothers
      injected with naltrexone; (b) treatments did not affect sensory motor development
      except in the case of the cliff aversion reflex which occurred earlier in pups
      prenatally exposed to stress; (c) measures of ultrasonic vocalizations in
      stressful context showed that the amount of vocalizations emitted by pups born by
      stressed mothers was significantly higher than that emitted by pups born by
      naltrexone injected and control mothers (d) an examination of mother-offspring
      interactions on the very first day of observation indicated a consistent trend in
      stressed mothers to be more responsive to their pups. In adulthood, ultrasonic
      calls in courtship after short and long periods of isolation showed a time
      dependent decrease of vocalizations in males prenatally exposed to naltrexone.
      These results indicate that the modifications of emotionality evident during
      early development are directly related to the reactivity of the mothers to the
      experimental treatments.

PMID- 3371561
TI  - Speculations on etiology of diabetes mellitus. Tumbler hypothesis.
AB  - Although clinically useful, the conventional partition of diabetes mellitus into
      two major classes, insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent, has become
      obsolete from an etiological standpoint. Contemporary research, particularly that
      with advanced cellular and molecular methodologies, suggests that the expression
      of diabetes depends on a wide range of factors. We suggest that the etiology of
      diabetes has become analogous to the cylinder of a lock containing many tumblers.
      Each tumbler, e.g., environment, genetics, or cellular interactions, must be
      aligned before the key can be turned and an understanding of the etiologic
      process claimed.

PMID- 3371563
TI  - Cerebral palsy in low-birthweight infants. I. Spastic hemiplegia: associations
      with intrapartum stress.
AB  - Children with and without spastic hemiplegia were identified among a
      representative sample of 1048 low-birthweight survivors by clinical assessment
      after three years of age. The hypothesis that hemiplegia was predetermined at
      birth was tested by estimating the probability of hemiplegia for each infant by
      logistic regression analysis, using data from hospital records on conditions
      known at the time of birth. 16 of 42 children with cerebral palsy had spastic
      hemiplegia. Allowing for the lower birthweights of hemiplegic children, increased
      prevalence was associated with previous reproductive loss, breech vaginal
      delivery, later birth-order, prolonged second stage of delivery, emergency
      caesarean section, and low Apgar scores. These variables identified correctly
      most children as having a higher or lower estimated probability of hemiplegia.
      Hemiplegia was also associated with prolonged respiratory disease and
      intraventricular haemorrhage. In this population it is likely that intrapartum
      events were closely related to the pathogenesis of hemiplegia; their effects may
      have been mediated by postnatal events.

PMID- 3371562
TI  - Early detection of vascular dysfunction in type I diabetes.
AB  - Blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen tension was measured by venous occlusion
      plethysmography and a transcutaneous oxygen electrode before and after 5 min of
      arterial occlusion in the forearm of young adult subjects with type I (insulin
      dependent) diabetes without overt evidence of angiopathy. In control subjects (n
      = 21), the forearm blood flow increased by greater than or equal to 2.8-fold at
      30 s after ischemia. Diabetic subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) less
      than or equal to 9.5% (n = 15) exhibited a blood flow response that was not
      statistically different from normal control subjects. Diabetic subjects with GHb
      greater than or equal to 12.5% (n = 23) did not exhibit an increase in the
      postischemic blood flow. When blood flow patterns for the first 14 diabetic
      subjects were examined regardless of GHb value, four patterns of response were
      noted: 1) normal pattern (n = 3), 2) normal postischemic rise in blood flow with
      a prolonged elevation (n = 3), 3) no postischemic rise (n = 4), and 4) variable
      baseline blood flow with a decrease in blood flow postischemia (n = 4). This
      approach indicated that a comparison of means obscured potentially meaningful
      abnormal patterns. Abnormalities in the response of the transcutaneous oxygen
      tension to ischemia were observed in both groups of diabetic patients, but the
      difference between diabetic patients in good and poor control was less obvious.
      We have defined an abnormal response of blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen
      tension to ischemia that may correlate to glycemic control and have identified
      several patterns of blood flow after ischemia that may be important in defining
      the etiology and natural history of diabetic angiopathy.

PMID- 3371564
TI  - EEG in type I lissencephaly.

PMID- 3371565
TI  - Newborn stepping and embryonic growth-stepping.

PMID- 3371566
TI  - Management of drooling.

PMID- 3371567
TI  - Cerebral palsy in low-birthweight infants. II. Spastic diplegia: associations
      with fetal immaturity.
AB  - Twenty children with spastic diplegia were identified by clinical assessment
      among a representative cohort of 1048 survivors with a birthweight of 2000g or
      less. Data from hospital case-records were used to investigate which perinatal
      conditions might differentiate infants with diplegia from other low-birthweight
      survivors. Even allowing for a strong association with lower gestational age,
      diplegic children were more likely to have suffered respiratory disease,
      necrotising enterocolitis and fits in the neonatal period, than children without
      cerebral palsy. Among preterm infants, diplegia differed from hemiplegia mainly
      in a lack of significant association with recorded maternal characteristics and
      markers of intrapartum stress. Important determinants of diplegia were not
      identified, but the results suggest that infants born both immature and
      relatively immature for their gestational age have the highest risk of diplegia.
      Factors that influence the rate of fetal development may be implicated in the
      aetiology of diplegia in both preterm and fullterm infants.

PMID- 3371568
TI  - Resolution of neurological symptoms in high-risk infants during the first two
      years of life.
AB  - 115 high-risk infants were identified and followed prospectively over the first
      24 months of life. All infants underwent neurological assessments at 12 and 24
      months and developmental assessments at six and 12 months. Approximately one
      quarter of the infants were considered to be 'neurologically suspicious' at 12
      months of age, of whom slightly more than one-half were deemed normal by 24
      months. Children who were classified as being either normal or abnormal at 12
      months were highly likely to have their classification confirmed at 24 months.
      Abnormal and suspicious neurological outcomes at 12 and 24 months were inversely
      correlated with birthweight and were not affected by the infants being given
      early physical therapy. Children who were suspicious at 12 months and who either
      remained suspicious or became abnormal at 24 months had lower personal-social
      quotients at six and 12 months and lower hearing-speech quotients at 12 months
      than the suspicious children who became normal.

PMID- 3371569
TI  - For how long must the soleus muscle be stretched each day to prevent contracture?
AB  - The extent to which treatment of passive muscle contracture could be minimised
      without loss of efficiency was studied. Soleus muscle contracture was measured by
      the difference between the ankle angles at which minimal and maximal resistance
      occurred during slow dorsiflexion of the ankle. This examination was done twice,
      at the beginning and end of a seven-month observation period. During the
      observation period, also, the ankle angles were measured throughout a 24-hour
      period in the ordinary life of the child. The number of hours per 24-hour period
      during which the soleus muscle was stretched above a minimal threshold length was
      calculated. The major finding was that there was no progressive contracture when
      the soleus was stretched for at least six hours a day (the same time as in non
      handicapped children). On the other hand, there was progressive contracture when
      the stretching time was as short as two hours. Two of the cases examined
      illustrated the possible causes of success or failure of night splints. These
      results provide new guidelines for the continuous treatment of children with
      cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3371570
TI  - Controlled study of intelligence and school performance of very low-birthweight
      children from a defined geographical area.
AB  - The authors studied the intellectual outcome of 45 of the 47 schoolchildren who
      had been born with very low birthweights (less than 1501 g) in Wolverhampton
      between 1975 and 1978 and were free of major handicap. Their outcome was compared
      with that of a control group matched for age, sex, race and social class. The
      very low-birthweight children had lower IQs, were more likely to be performing
      poorly or below average at school and were more likely to show emotional
      disturbance. Those who had had a major neonatal illness were most likely to be
      performing below average at school. These results may be representative of the
      outcome for very low-birthweight babies born in the United Kingdom during the
      late 1970s.

PMID- 3371571
TI  - Prognostic significance of the auditory brainstem evoked response in high-risk
      neonates.
AB  - The prognostic significance of the auditory brainstem evoked response (ABR) was
      examined in this prospective study of neonates at risk for neurodevelopmental
      sequelae. ABR testing was performed in the neonatal period (37 to 45 weeks
      conceptional age) and at two and/or six months corrected age. 34 high-risk
      newborns and 14 controls were followed to one year of age, when they received
      neurological and developmental assessments. Increased I to III and I to V
      interwave latencies predicted gross motor delay at one year, with a positive
      predictive power of 83 per cent and a specificity of 94.7 per cent. Increased
      brainstem conduction, dispersal of waves III to V and V/I amplitude ratio
      abnormalities predicted abnormal neurological findings at one year, with positive
      predictive values of 100, 100 and 80 per cent, respectively. A standard clinical
      examination of the newborn, performed on the at-risk and control infants at 40
      weeks conceptional age, was not found to be strongly predictive of
      neurodevelopmental deficits at one year.

PMID- 3371573
TI  - Development of kinaesthetic sensitivity and motor performance in children.
AB  - Kinaesthetic acuity of 100 children, aged from four to 13 years, was assessed and
      a developmental trend is described. The relationship between kinaesthetic acuity
      and motor performance on a range of motor tests commonly used for assessing
      children was also examined, and contrary to expectation no evidence of a
      relationship was discovered. There is little reported evidence for this
      relationship in the literature, and some possible reasons for this are discussed.
      A staircase procedure for threshold estimation was used and is described in
      detail.

PMID- 3371572
TI  - Vestibular function and motor proficiency of children with impaired hearing, or
      with learning disability and motor impairments.
AB  - Vestibular status and motor proficiency of 30 hearing-impaired and 15 motor
      impaired learning-disabled children were documented to determine whether
      vestibular loss can account for deficits in motor co-ordination. Vestibular loss
      was differentiated from sensory organization deficits by means of VOR and
      postural orientation test results, which were compared with those of 54 normal
      seven-to 12-year-olds. Reduced or absent vestibular function in 20 hearing
      impaired children did not affect development of motor proficiency, except in
      specific balance activities. However, sensory organization deficits in the
      learning-disabled group and in three of the hearing-impaired children were
      associated with widespread deficits in motor proficiency.

PMID- 3371575
TI  - Cognitive resemblance in reading-disabled twins.
AB  - This study examined the cognitive abilities of 60 pairs of reading-disabled twins
      aged between eight and 18 years (at least one member of each twin pair had been
      diagnosed as having a reading disability). Principal component analysis of nine
      cognitive tests yielded three readily interpretable composites of cognitive
      abilities--reading, symbol-processing speed and sequential memory. Scores on
      these three cognitive composites were significantly lower for the disabled
      readers than for normal readers. Individual differences in these cognitive
      composites within the reading-disabled twin sample were found to be due to
      genetic differences. Furthermore, deficits in the reading composite for the
      reading-disabled sample appear to be heritable.

PMID- 3371574
TI  - Urinary homovanillic acid levels of autistic children.
AB  - Anomalies in dopamine metabolism were investigated by assaying total homovanillic
      acid, and its free and conjugated fractions, in the urine of 34 autistic, 34
      normal and 34 mentally retarded children. An increase in total homovanillic acid
      in autistic and retarded children is apparently due to an increase of free
      homovanillic acid in the autistic group and to an increase of conjugated
      homovanillic acid in the retarded group. Further research needs to be carried out
      into the central origin of homovanillic acid and to establish its relevance to
      autistic children.

PMID- 3371576
TI  - Abnormalities in plasmas concentrations of lipoproteins and fibrinogen in type 1
      (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with increased urinary albumin excretion.
AB  - Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with clinical nephropathy have a
      more than ten-fold increase in mortality of cardiovascular diseases compared with
      diabetic patients without nephropathy. The risk factors for cardiovascular
      disease, plasma concentrations of lipoproteins and fibrinogen, were investigated
      in 74 long-term diabetic patients: 37 with normal urinary albumin excretion, 20
      with incipient nephropathy and 17 with overt clinical nephropathy based on
      urinary albumin excretion. The groups were matched according to sex, age and
      diabetes duration. The concentration of plasma cholesterol, very low density
      lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and
      fibrinogen rose with increasing urinary albumin excretion. The plasma
      concentrations of these lipoproteins and fibrinogen were 11-14% higher in the
      patients with incipient nephropathy and 26-87% higher in the patients with overt
      clinical nephropathy compared with the patients without nephropathy. The plasma
      concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was unaffected by
      albuminuria. Patients with normal urinary albumin excretion and HbA1c greater
      than 8.0% had significantly higher very low density lipoprotein- and lower high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations compared with patients with HbA1c
      less than 8.0%. Simple addition of the described risk factors can only account
      for a minor part of the greatly increased cardiovascular mortality in patients
      with diabetic nephropathy. An additional and possibly more decisive factor might
      be a change in the arterial wall, a change which promotes lipid accumulation
      and/or facilitates thrombus formation.

PMID- 3371578
TI  - Linkage analysis of the receptor gene and MODY.

PMID- 3371577
TI  - Pattern of myelinated fibre loss in the sural nerve in neuropathy related to type
      1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
AB  - Sural nerve biopsies were obtained from 17 diabetic patients with neuropathy. All
      patients except three had both a symmetric distal sensory and autonomic
      polyneuropathy related to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus; 3
      patients had a purely sensory polyneuropathy. Mean age was 34.5 years (range 18
      53 years). The biopsies were compared with specimens from an age-matched control
      series. Myelinated fibre loss in the diabetic nerves was found to be nonuniform.
      Although patchy fibre loss has been considered to favour a vascular basis, an
      identical pattern of nonuniform loss was observed in a series of sural nerve
      biopsies from patients with Type I hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, a
      subgroup within the spectrum of peroneal muscular atrophy, mainly of autosomal
      dominant inheritance, and a condition in which a vascular causation can be
      discounted. Possible reasons for nonuniform fibre loss other than vascular
      disease are discussed.

PMID- 3371579
TI  - Treatment failures in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes.

PMID- 3371580
TI  - Developmental toxicity evaluation of dietary di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in Fischer
      344 rats and CD-1 mice.
AB  - Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizing agent, was evaluated
      for developmental toxicity in timed-pregnant Fischer 344 rats (22-25 dams/dose)
      and CD-1 mice (24-30 dams/dose). DEHP was administered in the diet on gestational
      Days (gd) 0 through 20 at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0% (rats) and on gd 0 through
      17 at 0.00, 0.025, 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15% (mice). At termination (gd 20, rats; gd
      17 mice), all fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal
      malformations and variations. In rats, maternal toxicity and reduced fetal body
      weight per litter were observed at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. Increased resorptions and
      decreased number of live fetuses/litter were observed at 2.0%. Maternal food
      consumption was reduced and water consumption was increased in all DEHP groups.
      The number and percentage of fetuses malformed per litter were unaffected by
      treatment. In mice, maternal toxicity, increased resorptions and late fetal
      deaths, decreased number of live fetuses, and reduced fetal body weight per
      litter were observed at 0.10 and 0.15%. Maternal food and water consumption
      exhibited a dose-related upward trend with food consumption significantly
      increased at 0.15%. The number and percentage of fetuses malformed per litter
      (open eye, exophthalmia, exencephaly, short, constricted, or no tail, major
      vessel malformations, fused or branched ribs, and fused or misaligned thoracic
      vertebral centra) were elevated at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15% DEHP. In conclusion,
      DEHP was not teratogenic at any dose tested in Fischer 344 rats when administered
      in the feed throughout gestation but did produce maternal and other embryofetal
      toxicity at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%. In contrast, DEHP administration throughout
      gestation in CD-1 mice resulted in an increased incidence of malformations at
      doses which produced maternal and other embryofetal toxicity (0.10 and 0.15%) and
      at a dose (0.05%) which did not produce significant maternal toxicity. No
      treatment-related embryofetal toxicity including teratogenicity was observed in
      mice at 0.025% or in rats at 0.5% DEHP.

PMID- 3371581
TI  - Neurobehavioral toxicity and tolerance to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
      acid-n-butyl ester (2,4-D ester).
AB  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commonly used herbicide and one
      component of Agent Orange. The subchronic neurobehavioral toxicity of 2,4-D-n
      butyl ester (2,4-D ester) was assessed in rats by monitoring performance in a
      battery of behavioral tests. 2,4-D ester was injected daily (150-250 mg/kg sc) in
      four successive 14-day periods. Five- to eight-day exposure-free periods
      separated dosing escalations. All doses produced a significant decrease in
      schedule-controlled lever pressing and photocell locomotor activity while
      increasing landing foot splay. Peak effects occurred by the 3rd injection, while
      tolerance developed by the 10th injection. Neurobehavioral effects associated
      with 2,4-D ester exposure were rapidly reversible and disappeared within 24-48
      hr. Brain and blood 2,4-D kinetics revealed that the compound accumulated in
      brain with repeated dosing. This observation indicates a cellular mechanism for
      tolerance development. Other neurobehavioral measures, rota rod and grip
      strength, were not consistently affected by 2,4-D ester. These studies confirm
      that 2,4-D ester produces behavioral toxicity, that tolerance develops to the 2,4
      D ester-induced behavioral deficits with repeated exposures, and that a cellular
      mechanism appears to be responsible for the developed tolerance to 2,4-D ester.

PMID- 3371582
TI  - Assessment of the minimal effective dose of acetone for potentiation of the
      hepatotoxicity induced by trichloroethylene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures.
AB  - Administration of acetone to rats in amounts larger than or equal to a minimal
      effective dosage (MED) is known to potentiate the severity of the liver damage
      produced by CCl4 alone. It has been reported that CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity is
      also enhanced by the previous administration of trichloroethylene (TCE). In
      addition, TCE-CCl4 mixture-induced liver injury is potentiated by acetone. The
      present study was undertaken to determine if the acetone MED is decreased when
      the haloalkane challenge is a mixture of TCE-CCl4 instead of CCl4 alone. The
      effect of varying mixture compositions was also evaluated. In a first series of
      experiments, male Sprague-Dawley rats received corn oil or acetone (0.05-0.25
      ml/kg, po); 18 hr later, they received an ip injection of either CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg)
      or [TCE (0.25 ml/kg)-CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg)]. In a second series, rats received corn
      oil or acetone (0.75 ml/kg), and were challenged with TCE (1.5 ml/kg), CCl4 (0.25
      ml/kg), or a mixture of TCE-CCl4, where TCE and CCl4 dosages were equal to 25
      75%, 50-50%, and 75-25%, respectively, of those used for the administration of
      the solvents alone. In both series, rats were killed 24 hr after the haloalkane
      challenge. Liver injury was assessed biochemically (plasma ALT activities and
      bilirubin concentrations) and morphologically. When TCE was added to a solution
      of CCl4, smaller doses of CCl4 were required to produce equally severe liver
      injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371583
TI  - Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of beta-(3,4
      epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane in Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand white
      rabbits.
AB  - beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (ECEMS, CAS No. 3388-04-3) is
      mutagenic in vitro and weakly carcinogenic in mice after dermal application.
      Timed pregnant Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand white rabbits were dosed with
      ECEMS in corn oil by gavage on gestational days (gd) 6 through 15 at doses of
      0.0, 0.25, 1.0, or 2.5 ml ECEMS/kg for rats and 0.0, 0.05, 0.25, or 0.75 ml
      ECEMS/kg for rabbits. At termination on gd 21 (rats) or gd 29 (rabbits), live
      fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal alterations. In rats,
      maternal toxicity was observed at 1.0 and 2.5 ml/kg, as evidenced by reduced
      weight gain and food consumption during treatment, clinical signs of toxicity,
      reduced body weight on gd 21 (corrected for gravid uterine weight), and increased
      relative liver weight. There were no significant differences among groups on pre-
      or postimplantation loss, fetal body weight/litter, or on the incidence of
      malformations. Minimal fetal toxicity, dilated lateral cerebral ventricles and
      reduced ossification in the forelimbs, was observed at 2.5 ml/kg. In rabbits,
      maternal mortality (2/20 does) and slightly (but statistically significantly)
      elevated maternal relative kidney weight were observed at 0.75 ml/kg. Clinical
      signs of toxicity were observed at 0.25 and 0.75 ml/kg. Pre- and postimplantation
      loss, fetal body weight/litter, and the incidence of malformations were all
      unaffected by treatment. Minimal fetal toxicity, extra (13th) ribs and reduced
      ossification in lumbar arch 4, was observed at 0.75 ml/kg ECEMS. Therefore,
      administration of ECEMS during organogenesis in rats and rabbits produced
      maternal toxicity at 1.0 and 2.5 ml/kg in rats and at 0.25 and 0.75 ml/kg in
      rabbits. Minimal fetal toxicity was observed at 2.5 ml/kg in rats and at 0.75
      ml/kg in rabbits. No embryotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed in either
      species at any dosage. The "no observable effect level" (NOEL) for maternal
      toxicity was 0.25 ml/kg for rats and 0.05 ml/kg for rabbits; the NOEL for
      developmental toxicity was 1.0 ml/kg for rats and 0.25 ml/kg for rabbits.

PMID- 3371584
TI  - The fate of nitroguanidine in the rat.
AB  - The metabolism and disposition of nitroguanidine (NG), a component of military
      propellants and munitions, were examined in the rat. Radiolabeled nitroguanidine
      [( 14C]NG) was administered orally at doses of 20 and 200 mg/kg and intravenously
      at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Regardless of the route of administration, the radiolabel
      was recovered quantitatively in the urine of all animals within 48 hr after
      dosing. Chromatographic analysis of the urine indicated that the [14C]NG was
      excreted unchanged; no radiolabel was found in the expired air, feces, or tissues
      of the treated animals. No sex differences were seen in the disposition of NG.
      The kinetics of [14C]NG in the blood of the dosed animals was followed. The
      elimination half-life of NG was on the order of 2 hr. The bioavailability of
      orally administered NG was 100%; the kinetics of NG in the blood was not dose
      dependent. Examination of tissues 1 hr after an oral dose of NG showed that NG
      was evenly distributed throughout the body. Nitroguanidine is a chemical of low
      toxicity (LD50 greater than 5 g/kg); it is quantitatively absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract, distributed throughout the body, and rapidly excreted in
      the urine.

PMID- 3371585
TI  - Hyperactivity induced by triadimefon, a triazole fungicide.
AB  - Triadimefon is an agriculturally important triazole fungicide. The present
      experiments were conducted to characterize the effects of triadimefon on a
      measure of motor activity. Dosage-effect, time-effect, and the effect of repeated
      dosing (7 days) were determined following triadimefon exposure. Male Long Evans
      hooded rats, approximately 70 days old, received triadimefon po in 2.0 ml/kg corn
      oil. Motor activity testing was conducted for 1 hr in figure-eight mazes. For the
      dosage-effect determination, triadimefon (50-400 mg/kg) was administered 1 hr
      prior to testing. In the time-course study, triadimefon (200 mg/kg) was
      administered either 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr prior to testing. In the repeated
      dosing experiment animals received triadimefon (100 mg/kg) daily for 7 days and
      were tested 24 hr after the last exposure. Triadimefon produced significant
      hyperactivity following dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. This hyperactivity was
      rapid in both onset (0.5 hr) and recovery (8.0 hr). Repeated dosing with 100
      mg/kg/day revealed no cumulative effects nor tolerance. These results indicate
      that triadimefon produces a transient hyperactivity at dosages 17 to 33% of the
      reported LD50.

PMID- 3371586
TI  - Studies on the short-term toxicity of theophylline in rats and mice.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the short-term toxicity of
      theophylline, a compound present in tea and used in a variety of clinical
      applications. Fourteen-day repeated-dose toxicity studies were conducted in
      B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats of both sexes. Theophylline was administered in feed
      (0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 ppm) or by gavage in corn oil (12.5-twice
      daily, 25, 50, 50-twice daily, 100, 200, 200-twice daily, and 400 mg/kg). Dosed
      feed exposure to theophylline at concentrations up to 8000 ppm induced no
      significant toxicity except for dose-related uterine hypoplasia in rats.
      Palatability problems at that level precluded administration of higher
      concentrations. In the gavage study, 400 mg/kg was acutely toxic for both
      species, but mice and rats differed in that this same daily dose administered as
      two separate doses of 200 mg/kg was acutely toxic in rats but not in mice. No
      dose-related weight gain depression was evident in mice; weight gain was
      depressed in the majority of dose levels in rats and was pronounced at the higher
      levels. Clinical signs in mice were squinting and distended testes in males, and
      in rats, rapid respiration (all doses), squinting, and hunching. Gross
      necropsies, organ weights, clinical pathology, and pathology identified no target
      organs in mice, while histopathologic observations in rats suggested heart and
      stomach as possible target organs. Histopathologic effects in a number of other
      tissues, including lung, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and uterus, were considered
      to reflect agonal changes in treated rats, possibly related to inanition. The
      results suggest that both species and sex differences exist with respect to
      sensitivity to theophylline toxicity, with F344 rats being more sensitive than
      B6C3F1 mice and male rats being more sensitive than female rats.

PMID- 3371587
TI  - Evaluation of spermatogenesis and sperm quality in the rat following acute
      inhalation exposure to methyl bromide.
AB  - Methyl chloride (MeCl) and methyl bromide (MeBr) have similar target organ
      specificities in the male F-344 rat, and MeCl is a known reproductive toxicant in
      that species. Recently, both acute and subchronic inhalation exposures to MeBr
      were found to produce varying degrees of testicular alteration (S.L. Eustis, S.B.
      Haber, R.T. Drew, and R.S.H. Yang, 1986, Toxicologist, 6, 54; N. Kato, S.
      Morinobu, and S. Ishizu, 1986, Ind. Health, 24, 87-103; M.E. Hurtt, K.T. Morgan,
      and P.K. Working, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 9, 352-365). The present study
      examined the reproductive effects of MeBr in the male F-344 rat. Adult males (11
      13 weeks) were exposed by inhalation to 0 or 200 ppm MeBr 6 hr/day for 5 days
      (first day of exposure = Day 1). Ten animals from each group were anesthetized
      with pentobarbital and terminated on Days 1, 3, 5, and 8. Additionally, five
      males from each group were killed on Days 6, 10, 17, 24, 38, 52, and 73. Plasma
      testosterone concentration was reduced during and immediately following exposure
      (Days 1, 3, 5, and 6), but returned to control levels by Day 8. Nonprotein
      sulfhydryl (NPSH) content of the liver and testis was reduced during exposure but
      returned to control levels by Day 8 (3 days postexposure). No other reproductive
      indices, including testis weight, daily sperm production, cauda epididymal sperm
      count, sperm morphology, percentage motile sperm, linear sperm velocity, and
      epididymal and testicular histology, were affected by MeBr exposure at any time
      point examined. Thus, although MeBr causes a transient decrease in plasma
      testosterone and testicular NPSH concentrations during acute exposure, it has no
      lasting effect on sperm quality or spermatogenesis in the F-344 rat.

PMID- 3371588
TI  - Some novel inhibitors of platelet aggregation: acute toxicity in mice and its
      relationship to in vitro activity and toxicity.
AB  - Five carbamoylpiperidine congeners and one nipecotoylpiperazine derivative, which
      inhibit ADP-induced aggregation of human blood platelets in vitro, were evaluated
      in vivo for acute toxicity to male and female ICR mice. Although the in vitro
      platelet aggregation inhibiting potency of these compounds covered about a 1150
      fold range, the acute ip LD50s (microM/kg) in mice showed only a fourfold range
      of values. An increase in platelet aggregation inhibiting potency (in vitro) was
      not paralleled by an increase in acute toxicity in vivo for these compounds; in
      fact, the most potent aggregation inhibitor (microM/liter) was the least toxic
      (microM/kg) to mice. A comparison of acute LD50s (microM/kg) to concentrations
      which produce 50% inhibition of mouse fibroblast cell growth in culture
      (microM/liter) did not yield a consistent value, nor was the rank order of
      toxicity the same from these two tests. In hematoxylin and eosin stained slides
      of major organs from treated mice, no histopathologic lesions were observed which
      were attributable to administration of these compounds.

PMID- 3371589
TI  - A 6-month multispecies inhalation study with maleic anhydride.
AB  - This study was initiated to assess the safety of atmospheres containing maleic
      anhydride. Accordingly, rats (15/sex/group), hamsters (15/sex/group), and monkeys
      (3/sex/group) were treated 6 hr a day 5 days a week for 6 months. Atmospheres
      were generated by subliming maleic anhydride and were monitored using Tenax
      collection columns and gas chromatography to detect total maleic; i.e., maleic
      anhydride plus maleic acid. The mean analytical concentrations were 0, 1.1, 3.3,
      and 9.8 mg/m3 of total maleic. Dose-related signs of nasal and ocular irritation
      were observed at each test level in all three species; signs included discharge,
      sneezing, gasping, and coughing. No significant treatment-related mortality was
      observed in any species. While reduced weight gains were observed only in mid-
      and high-dose rats, their terminal body weights were greater than 90% of control
      values. No treatment-related effects were observed in hematology, clinical
      chemistry, urinalysis, and pulmonary function tests. Although microscopic
      evaluation of tissue revealed evidence of nasal irritation in all species, there
      was no evidence of systemic toxicity which was directly attributed to maleic
      anhydride. While the results of this study support the current ACGIH TLV and OSHA
      PEL of 1 mg/m3 regarding systemic toxicity, continuous exposure at this level
      during the day may produce some signs of irritation.

PMID- 3371590
TI  - Reproductive effects of theophylline in mice and rats.
AB  - Theophylline was administered by gavage in 13-week studies to B6C3F1 mice (0, 75,
      150, 300 mg/kg/day) and F344 rats (0, 37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg/day) with significant
      reductions in male mouse terminal body and testicular weights. Male rats also
      displayed reduced testicular weight, as well as nonsignificant but dose-related
      decreases in body weight. There was a significant but non-dose-related decrease
      in female mouse body weight. In parallel studies of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats,
      theophylline administered in the diet (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4%) produced significantly
      decreased terminal body weights in male and female mice, but not rats. In rats,
      cauda epididymis weight was reduced at the high dose compared to the control
      group, and there was an increase in abnormal sperm. These studies were followed
      by continuous breeding reproductive assays in CD-1 mice in which theophylline was
      administered in feed (0.0, 0.075, 0.15, and 0.30%; calculated doses of 0, 125,
      265, and 530 mg/kg/day, respectively) to breeding pairs for 14 weeks. There was a
      dose-dependent decrease in the number of live pups produced per litter, a
      significant decrease in the number of litters produced per pair (0.30%) and in
      the adjusted live pup weight (0.30%), a decrease in the percentage of pups born
      alive (0.15 and 0.30%), and an increase in the number of days needed to produce
      each litter (0.30%). After 19 weeks of continuous treatment at 0.30%, a crossover
      mating trial indicated that females and males were adversely affected by
      theophylline, as judged by the decreased percentage of pups born alive, the
      decreased live pup weight, and the decreased number of live pups per litter
      relative to matings within the control group, but the effects in females were
      more extensive. Based on other studies, there is a suggestion that the observed
      changes in fertility may be partially attributed to embryotoxicity.

PMID- 3371591
TI  - An interview with Kenneth Endicott. Interview by Stephen P. Strickland.

PMID- 3371592
TI  - Inhibition of eicosanoid-mediated coronary constriction during myocardial
      ischemia.
AB  - Thromboxane A2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes are highly effective microvessel
      constrictors in normally perfused myocardium. Their release during acute coronary
      thrombosis might augment myocardial underperfusion. The constrictor action of
      these substances could be modified substantially, however, by concomitant
      myocardial ischemia. We compared the effects of the two eicosanoid constrictors
      in normally perfused and ischemic myocardium of 24 open-chest, pentobarbital
      anesthetized pigs. Left anterior descending coronary flow was measured after
      intracoronary bolus injections of the stable thromboxane A2 analog U46619 (1-10
      micrograms) or leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 1-10 micrograms). Each dose was given before
      and during myocardial ischemia induced by a snare adjusted to produce 63 +/- 2%
      decrease in coronary flow for 10 min. Marked dose-independent inhibition of
      eicosanoid-induced coronary flow decrease occurred during ischemia. With 10
      micrograms U46619, coronary flow decrease in the unoccluded state (25 +/- 2 from
      55 +/- 4 ml/min pretreatment baseline) was virtually eliminated during snare
      occlusion (1 +/- 1 from 21 +/- 3 ml/min pretreatment baseline, P less than
      0.001). Similar results occurred with LTD4. Distal coronary pressure during
      ischemia indicated a lack of microvessel responsiveness to the eicosanoids rather
      than a buffering of resistance change by the snare. U46619 and LTD4 did induce
      transient, small reductions in regional shortening fraction during ischemia. Our
      data suggest that eicosanoid-induced constriction of myocardial resistance
      vessels is not a likely complication of acute coronary thrombosis. However,
      eicosanoids could depress residual contractility in moderately ischemic regions.

PMID- 3371593
TI  - Fluorescence-based assay for reactive oxygen species: a protective role for
      creatinine.
AB  - Attack by reactive oxygen species leads to a decay in phycoerythrin fluorescence
      emission. This phenomenon provides a versatile new assay for small molecules and
      macromolecules that can function as protective compounds. With 1-2 x 10(-8) M
      phycoerythrin, under conditions where peroxyl radical generation is rate
      limiting, the fluorescence decay follows apparent zero-order kinetics. On
      reaction with HO., generated with the ascorbate-Cu2+ system, the fluorescence
      decays with apparent first-order kinetics. Examination of the major components of
      human urine in this assay confirms that at physiological concentrations, urate
      protects against both types of oxygen radicals. A novel finding is that
      creatinine protects efficiently by a chelation mechanism against radical damage
      in the ascorbate-Cu2+ system at creatinine, ascorbate, and Cu2+ concentrations
      comparable to those in normal urine. Urate and creatinine provide complementary
      modes of protection against reactive oxygen species in the urinary tract.

PMID- 3371594
TI  - [23d forum on research in hepato-gastroenterology. 12th French-language seminar
      on hepatology and gastroenterology. 6th national continuing education seminar on
      hepato-gastroenterology. Lille, 12-16 March 1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3371595
TI  - [Colonic pseudo-obstruction associated with diffuse digestive and vesical motor
      anomalies. Apropos of 2 cases].
AB  - Two patients with acute colectasia, and acute urinary retention following
      pregnancy (case n. 1) and Klebsiellae septicemia (case n. 2) requiring endoscopic
      exsufflation in both cases, were seen. At onset, both patients had esophageal and
      anorectal manometric abnormalities with right colonic transit delay, and in case
      n. 2 urodynamic perturbation. Several months later, abnormalities disappeared in
      case 1, but remained unchanged in case 2. Jejunal manometry performed in case 2
      showed decreased interdigestive complex frequency. These data suggest that: 1)
      acute colectasia may be major expression of digestive and urinary motility
      disorders, 2) acute colectasia can be the first symptom of a chronic disease,
      suggesting the usefulness of manometric studies in these patients, once the acute
      episode is over.

PMID- 3371596
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Oddi's sphincter tumors. Apropos of 56 cases].
AB  - The records of 56 patients operated upon for ampullary tumors were reviewed in
      order to determine the best way to diagnose and treat these tumors. Thirty six
      males and 20 females, 30 to 89 years old, were operated upon between October 1970
      and October 1985. Eighty six p. 100 had jaundice and 21 p. 100, anemia. In recent
      years, ultrasonography, duodenoscopy and ERCP appeared to be the most useful
      tests for diagnosis. Mean size of the tumors was 2.3 cm (0.5 to 5 cm). Five
      tumors were benign (8.9 p. 100) and 51 were malignant. According to the
      classification of Martin, 5 were grade I: 10, grade II: 18, grade III: and 18,
      grade IV. The correct histologic diagnosis was obtained on biopsy specimens taken
      during endoscopy in 7 of 12 patients. Nine patients underwent palliative
      choledocoduodenostomies: only one is alive at 3 years; 47 underwent resection of
      the tumor: 3 local excisions associated with sphincterotomy for small benign
      tumors, 6 ampullectomies (followed in 3 by a Whipple procedure for recurrence)
      and 41 Whipple procedures. After pancreatic resection, 3 patients died during
      hospital stay and 12 had reversible complications; overall 5 year survival was 41
      p. 100. It was 75 p. 100 in grade I, 50 p. 100 in grade II, 40 p. 100 in grade
      III and 10 p. 100 in grade IV. Patients who received an ampullectomy were alive
      with a follow up of 1, 2, and 3 years. All patients operated upon for a benign
      tumor were alive except one who died of cardiac failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371598
TI  - [Digestive lymphomatous polyposis: study of a case diagnosed by rectal biopsy].
AB  - We report a case of gastrointestinal lymphomatous polyposis revealed by a rectal
      tumor. Numerous polypoid lesions, 5 to 20 mm in diameter, were found at various
      levels of the gastrointestinal tract. Microscopic examination of gastric,
      duodenal, colic and rectal specimens led to the diagnosis of small cleaved-cell
      type lymphoma. The immunohistochemical study showed a monotypic surface staining
      of the lymphomatous cells with anti-IgM, IgD, kappa, C3b, and CD5 antibodies.
      This type of lymphoma is rare and presents as multifocal polyposis of the
      gastrointestinal tract. Only histologic and immunohistologic studies can
      establish diagnosis. Gastrointestinal lymphomatous polyposis is classified as a
      low-grade malignant lymphoma, with frequent nodal, hepatosplenic, bone marrow,
      and blood involvement. Chemotherapy is the appropriate treatment.

PMID- 3371597
TI  - [Hepatitis probably caused by Plethoryl. Apropos of 7 cases].
AB  - Seven patients developed acute hepatitis after receiving Plethoryl for obesity
      for 4 to 16 weeks. Jaundice was generally associated with or preceded by
      asthenia, nausea and pruritus. Serum aminotransferase activities were markedly
      increased whereas alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities
      were moderately elevated. There was no hepatic failure. In all cases, Plethoryl
      administration was promptly discontinued. In 6 cases, jaundice disappeared within
      2 to 4 weeks, and recovery occurred within 2 to 5 months. In one case, however,
      jaundice disappeared within 12 weeks and recovery took 10 months.

PMID- 3371599
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis caused by papillary adenoma of the distal common bile duct.
      Treatment by endoscopic excision].
AB  - We report the case of a 66 year-old man who developed acute necrotizing
      pancreatitis. The usual etiologies of acute pancreatitis were easily excluded.
      Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a 10 mm diameter
      filling defect in the distal common bile duct. After endoscopic sphincterotomy, a
      polypoid tumour which appeared to arise from the common bile duct was delivered
      through the wound. Diathermic resection of the tumor was performed. Microscopic
      examination disclosed papillary adenoma, without histologic signs of malignancy.
      Follow-up was favorable.

PMID- 3371600
TI  - [Compression of vertebral osteophytes by an esophageal trans-tumoral prosthesis:
      an uncommon complication of endoscopic intubations of neoplastic stenoses of the
      esophagus].

PMID- 3371601
TI  - [Cardial achalasia caused by breast carcinoma: prolonged effect of pneumatic
      dilatation].

PMID- 3371602
TI  - [Ileal metastasis of cancer of the amygdaloid body].

PMID- 3371603
TI  - [Pain of gastric origin caused by aspirin and smoking].

PMID- 3371604
TI  - [A rare etiology of ascitic fluid infection in cirrhosis: Pasteurella multocida].

PMID- 3371605
TI  - [Aminotransferase aspartate of mitochondrial origin and anticonvulsant therapy].

PMID- 3371606
TI  - Spermine and spermidine induce intestinal maturation in the rat.
AB  - In the present study, we aimed to induce precocious intestinal maturation in
      neonatal rats by the oral administration of polyamines. Groups of 5 rats received
      either saline, spermidine (10 mumol daily), or spermine (6 mumol daily) orally on
      the 12th, 13th, and 14th postnatal days. The rats were killed on the 15th
      postnatal day. After the small bowel was removed, a 1-cm distal ileal segment was
      removed for histologic examination and the remaining small bowel tissue was
      homogenized for further biochemical analysis. Polyamine administration was shown
      to induce structural and biochemical mucosal changes characteristic of postnatal
      maturation. Lactase, sucrase, and maltase specific activities (micromoles of
      substrate hydrolyzed per minute per gram of protein) were 80 +/- 10, 10 +/- 3,
      and 116 +/- 19 for the saline-treated rats; 51 +/- 7, 34 +/- 2, and 315 +/- 37
      for the spermidine-treated rats; and 25 +/- 2, 46 +/- 5, and 419 +/- 63 for the
      spermine-treated rats, respectively. Similar results were obtained with rats,
      first treated with spermine (6 mumol) on the 7th postnatal day, receiving
      spermine (6 mumol) daily as described above and killed on the 10th postnatal day.
      Dose-response experiments performed as reported above in rats whose treatment
      began on the 12th postnatal day showed that the maturational effects of orally
      administered spermine are dose-dependent.

PMID- 3371607
TI  - Interethnic variation in the metabolic inactivation of digoxin by the gut flora.
AB  - Digoxin is metabolized to cardioinactive reduced metabolites (digoxin reduction
      products) in some patients by anaerobic bacteria present in the gut flora. We
      compared the tendencies of Americans and Bangladeshis to reduce digoxin by this
      pathway. Of 97 normal Americans in New York City, 34 (35.1%) were metabolizers in
      contrast to 14 of 100 Bangladeshis in Dhaka (p less than 0.002). Forty-three
      (35.8%) of 120 American patients in New York City receiving digoxin reduced the
      drug compared with 4 (13.8%) of 29 Bangladeshi patients in Dhaka (p less than
      0.05). In Americans who emigrated to Dhaka or Bengali immigrants to New York
      City, the frequency of digoxin reduction product excretion was that of their
      country of origin. Fourteen Bengali immigrants who were nonmetabolizers when
      first studied in New York did not metabolize digoxin when restudied 4 yr later.
      In the Bangladeshis studied in Dhaka, income, education, and most strongly, urban
      residence during childhood correlated positively with digoxin inactivation. The
      findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the metabolic functions of the
      anaerobic gut flora may be determined by environmental factors operative early in
      life and tend to remain stable in adulthood. Interethnic variations in drug
      metabolism may be the consequence of differences in the intestinal microflora.

PMID- 3371608
TI  - Partial external diversion of bile for the treatment of intractable pruritus
      associated with intrahepatic cholestasis.
AB  - Partial diversion of bile flow to an external stoma was performed in 6 patients
      with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with severe pruritus that had been
      refractory to medical measures. Four patients with progressive intrahepatic
      cholestasis and 2 with arteriohepatic dysplasia were treated. Follow-up has been
      3-8 yr. Patients with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis have been free of
      itching since surgery. Serum bile salt concentrations fell from 218-275 microM
      (normal less than 10) before to less than 10 microM after surgery. Biochemical
      tests of liver function and histology returned to normal or near normal. Patients
      with arteriohepatic dysplasia had persistent mild pruritus after surgery. Serum
      bile salt concentrations fell from 153-317 to 25-37 microM. There was little or
      no improvement in biochemical tests or histology. Bile volume and bile salt
      diverted were higher in patients with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (7.3
      13.0 ml/kg.day and 83-137 mumol/kg.day, respectively) than those with
      arteriohepatic dysplasia (3.2-4.5 ml/kg.day and 21-36 mumol/kg.day). The quality
      of life since surgery has been excellent in patients with progressive
      intrahepatic cholestasis, but not as optimal in those with arteriohepatic
      dysplasia. These findings suggest that partial external biliary diversion can
      provide effective relief from pruritus and perhaps reversal of liver disease in
      patients with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. It should be used in patients
      with arteriohepatic dysplasia only in those with disabling pruritus.

PMID- 3371609
TI  - Evidence against cholecystokinin mediation of basal and bombesin-stimulated
      pancreatic secretion in the rat.
AB  - Studies in dogs suggest that bombesin-stimulated pancreatic exocrine function is
      mediated via endogenous cholecystokinin. We studied (a) the short-term effects of
      bombesin on pancreatic juice volume and protein output in unconscious rats and
      (b) whether a potent cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist, L-364,718, affects the
      pancreatic exocrine response to bombesin. A 4-h i.v. infusion of low-dose (0.2
      nmol/kg.h) or high-dose (1.0 nmol/kg.h) bombesin elicited significant increases
      in pancreatic juice volume and protein output, which were unaltered by treatment
      with L-364,718 at a dose capable of fully suppressing cholecystokinin-octapeptide
      stimulated pancreatic juice volume and protein output. We conclude that the
      effects of exogenously administered bombesin on the exocrine pancreas in the rat
      are not mediated via release of endogenous cholecystokinin.

PMID- 3371610
TI  - Cholangiopancreatography, sphincterotomy, and common duct stone removal via Roux
      en-Y limb enteroscopy.
AB  - An enteroscopic method that uses a pediatric colonoscope provides an alternative
      approach to the diagnostic and management problems arising in the setting of a
      Roux-en-Y limb hepaticojejunostomy or biliary diversion. Three patients with Roux
      en-Y limb reconstructions who experienced recurrent cholangitis, recurrent
      pancreatitis, or choledocholithiasis in whom the technique was used are
      presented. The technique, which uses colonoscopic principles, is discussed along
      with the combined use of percutaneous transhepatic assistance. Enteroscopy of a
      Roux-en-Y limb is technically feasible and expands the diagnostic and management
      approach to biliary and pancreatic disease involving this postoperative anatomic
      condition.

PMID- 3371611
TI  - Kinetics for the synthetic bile acid 75selenohomocholic acid-taurine in humans:
      comparison with [14C]taurocholate.
AB  - The "apparent" fractional turnover rate of the gamma-labeled bile acid analogue
      75selenohomocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT) was assessed from decline in
      radioactivity over the gallbladder area on 4 successive days using a gamma
      camera, and was compared in the same subjects with the fractional turnover rate
      of the corresponding natural bile acid, cholic acid-taurine, labeled with 14C
      ([14C]CAT) using the classical Lindstedt technique. Very similar results were
      obtained in 5 healthy individuals (coefficient of variation 4.8%, medians 0.35
      and 0.34, respectively). By contrast, the fractional deconjugation rate assessed
      from zonal scanning of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acids on thin-layer
      chromatography was much less for 75SeHCAT than for [14C]CAT (0.02 and 0.13,
      respectively; p less than 0.05). The fractional rate for deconjugation plus
      dehydroxylation was also determined by zonal scanning, and gave lower values for
      75SeHCAT than for [14C]CAT (0.02 and 0.12, respectively; p less than 0.05). There
      was a striking similarity between the fractional rate for deconjugation alone and
      that for deconjugation plus dehydroxylation for both bile acids in individual
      samples (r = 0.999, p less than 0.001), suggesting that these two processes might
      occur simultaneously and probably involve the same bacteria. We conclude that our
      scintiscanning technique provides an accurate, noninvasive method of measuring
      fractional turnover rate of a bile acid in humans, and that the finding that
      75SeHCAT remains conjugated with taurine during enterohepatic recycling means
      that absorption should be specific for the ileal active transport site, thus
      rendering it an ideal substance for assessing ileal function.

PMID- 3371612
TI  - Impairment of gallbladder emptying in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Individuals with diabetes mellitus are reported to have a twofold to threefold
      increase in the incidence of cholesterol gallstones. A frequently cited but
      unproven pathophysiologic mechanism for this phenomenon is reduced gallbladder
      muscle function, which results in stasis and allows for cholesterol gallstone
      crystal formation and gallstone growth. To date, gallbladder motor function has
      not been investigated in a well-characterized diabetic population. Therefore,
      using radionuclide cholescintigraphy, gallbladder filling and subsequent emptying
      produced in response to an infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin in 30
      diabetic patients and 20 control individuals were studied. No difference in any
      parameter used to assess gallbladder filling was demonstrated in the diabetics
      when compared with controls. In contrast, gallbladder emptying induced with
      cholecystokinin-octapeptide (20 ng/kg body wt . h) was reduced in diabetics
      compared with controls (55% +/- 5% vs. 74% +/- 4%, p less than 0.01). The peak
      emptying rate in the diabetics was also decreased (5.0% +/- 0.5% per minute)
      compared with the controls (7.0% +/- 0.6% per minute, p less than 0.02). The
      observed decreased gallbladder emptying found in diabetics was not related to
      obesity, type of diabetes, diabetic control, or presence or absence of peripheral
      neuropathy. The most severe impairment of gallbladder emptying occurred, however,
      in diabetics with an associated autonomic neuropathy. This subgroup demonstrated
      a significant reduction in the percentage of gallbladder emptying (40% +/- 8% vs.
      62% +/- 5%, p less than 0.04) and the peak ejection rate (3.5% +/- 0.5% per
      minute vs. 5.6% +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.02) compared with the diabetics without
      autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 3371613
TI  - Further characterization of the pigment in pseudomelanosis duodeni in three
      patients.
AB  - Pseudomelanosis duodeni is a rare condition in which dark pigment accumulates in
      macrophages located in the lamina propria of the duodenal mucosa. Three cases are
      reported here and the literature is reviewed. No clinical association can be
      found that points clearly to the underlying etiology. Electron probe x-ray
      microanalysis was used to study the pigment in macrophage granules in 2 of our
      patients and demonstrated high iron and sulfur content. Iron accumulation in
      ferritinlike particles was detected in absorptive cell lysosomes. A possible
      mechanism for the accumulation of absorbed iron by macrophages is considered.

PMID- 3371614
TI  - Successful treatment of atypical sprue in an infant with cyclosporine.
AB  - Cyclosporine was used to treat a child with severe, atypical sprue that was
      unresponsive to diet, parenteral nutrition, and corticosteroids. Therapy with
      cyclosporine resulted in a prompt clinical, functional, and histologic recovery.
      Remission was maintained for 1 yr until the drug was discontinued, when there was
      a histologic relapse that responded to reinstituting drug therapy. Cyclosporine
      may provide effective therapy for patients with similar disease.

PMID- 3371615
TI  - Carcinoma developing in ileostomies after 25 or more years.
AB  - Primary carcinoma of the ileal mucosa in patients who have had an ileostomy has
      been documented rarely. This report describes 4 patients seen within the last 4
      yr with ileal carcinoma adjacent to the mucocutaneous junction of an ileostomy
      25, 29, 30, and 34 yr after the stoma was formed. The incidence of this serious
      complication may be increasing.

PMID- 3371616
TI  - Campylobacter pylori gastritis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Campylobacter pylori has been associated with gastritis, duodenitis, and duodenal
      ulceration in the immunocompetent individual. It has been described within the
      superficial mucus layer, in interepithelial junctions, and occasionally in the
      microcanaliculi of epithelial cells, but never in the lamina propria. We describe
      a case of invasive C. pylori in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency
      syndrome and discuss its clinical presentation and histopathological findings.

PMID- 3371618
TI  - Gastric and esophageal Campylobacter pylori in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
AB  - Campylobacter pylori organisms were found with similar frequency in the stomachs
      of patients with Barrett's esophagus and in age- and sex-matched controls (10 of
      26 vs. 11 of 26). Campylobacter pylori was also observed in esophageal Barrett's
      mucosa in some patients with gastric C. pylori, but not when gastric infection
      was absent (4 of 10 vs. 0 of 16). Campylobacter pylori was not detected in
      esophageal squamous mucosa from patients with Barrett's esophagus or in 25 non
      Barrett's patients with gastric C. pylori and histologic changes of esophageal
      reflux. Overall frequency of ulceration in Barrett's esophagus was 35% (9 of 26),
      and frequency of ulceration was similar whether or not C. pylori was noted in
      gastric or Barrett's mucosa.

PMID- 3371617
TI  - Gastric balloons: a plea for sanity in the midst of balloonacy.
AB  - Intragastric balloons have been suggested as a treatment for severe obesity, a
      degree of obesity associated with a relatively greater eating disorder or lack of
      control of energy balance. The premises that 250-500-ml balloons are able to
      simulate "satiety" in a 1700-ml stomach sufficiently to cause weight loss, that
      the stomach will not stretch to accommodate such a besoar (with or without
      ulcerating), and that behavioral modification is cost-effective in weight control
      in this population have not been corroborated. Experience from gastric
      restrictive surgery has demonstrated the conceptual failure of gastric satiety as
      a means of achieving and sustaining weight loss in a substantial percentage of
      morbidly obese patients. Other methods are needed to reduce the increased
      morbidity and mortality of severe obesity.

PMID- 3371620
TI  - Repair of duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 3371619
TI  - Definitive therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis--fact or fiction?

PMID- 3371621
TI  - More on the comparison of paracentesis versus diuretics in the treatment of
      patients with tense ascites.

PMID- 3371622
TI  - Campylobacter pylori and gastric antral intestinal metaplasia.

PMID- 3371623
TI  - Concordant occurrence of gastric and hypertensive diseases.
AB  - Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong relationship between gastric cancer and
      cerebrovascular disease. It was speculated that salt intake might be the linking
      factor causing hypertension and vascular damage as well as damage to the gastric
      mucosa. This study tested whether hypertensive diseases, such as ischemic heart
      disease and cerebrovascular disease, occurred more frequently in patients with
      gastric cancer and gastric ulcer than expected by chance alone. In addition, it
      was studied whether gastric and duodenal ulcer coincided more frequently with
      other diseases that in the past have been associated with peptic ulcer, such as
      liver cirrhosis, chronic lung disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. The German
      statistics of rehabilitation were used to assess the frequency of coincidences.
      The statistics include a description of the primary, secondary, and tertiary
      diagnoses leading to rehabilitation. This study confirms the presence of a high
      coincidence of both ulcer types with liver cirrhosis. In patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis, both ulcer types also occurred more frequently than expected from
      their general distribution. Gastric but not duodenal ulcer coincided more
      frequently with ischemic heart disease than expected. Gastric cancer occurred
      more frequently in patients who had concomitant ischemic heart disease or
      cerebrovascular disease. Duodenal ulcer was not associated with an increased risk
      for any disease related to hypertension. The results of the study support the
      contention that gastric diseases and diseases related to hypertension share a
      common etiologic factor.

PMID- 3371624
TI  - Gastric emptying of an indigestible solid in patients with end-stage renal
      disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Using radiopaque markers, we evaluated gastric emptying in 10 male patients with
      end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and in 15
      normal men. Dialysis patients were studied twice, once without peritoneal
      dialysate in the abdomen (drained) and once with 2 L of dialysate in the abdomen
      (full). Each normal man and 9 of 10 dialysis patients, when drained, emptied all
      10 markers by 6 h after a test meal. In contrast, 5 of the 10 dialysis patients,
      when full, had delayed emptying of radiopaque markers. Thus, continuous
      ambulatory dialysis may delay gastric emptying of indigestible solids.

PMID- 3371625
TI  - Upper esophageal sphincter function during deglutition.
AB  - Upper esophageal sphincter function was investigated during swallows of graded
      volumes in 8 normal volunteers. Concurrent recordings of video-fluoroscopic and
      manometric studies were obtained and correlated with each other by means of a
      videotimer. Maximal upper esophageal sphincter (UES) pressure was typically
      located 1.5 cm distal to the air-tissue interface between the hypopharynx and the
      proximal margin of the sphincter. The region in which UES pressure was greater
      than or equal to 50% maximal averaged 1.0 cm in length. Thus, the physiologic
      high-pressure zone of the UES corresponds in size and location to that of the
      cricopharyngeus muscle. Fluoroscopic analysis of sphincter movement indicated
      that the sphincter high-pressure zone moved 2.0-2.5 cm orally during swallowing
      and that the magnitude of the orad movement was directly related to the volume of
      barium swallowed. The maximal anterior-posterior diameter of sphincter opening
      during a swallow ranged from 0.9 to 1.5 cm and was also directly related to the
      volume swallowed. The intervals of UES opening and relaxation increased
      significantly with increasing bolus volume; the duration of UES relaxation ranged
      from a mean of 0.37 s for dry swallows to 0.65 s for 20-ml swallows. Thus, the
      dynamics of UES function during deglutition are dependent upon the volume of the
      swallowed bolus. Larger bolus volumes are accommodated by both an increased
      diameter of sphincter opening and by prolongation of the interval of sphincter
      relaxation. Analysis of the timing of other reference points within the
      pharyngeal swallow sequence indicated that as the manometric interval of UES
      relaxation increased, the period of laryngeal elevation was prolonged, the UES
      relaxed earlier and contracted later, and the interval between the onset of
      laryngeal elevation and hypopharyngeal contraction increased.

PMID- 3371626
TI  - Spontaneous contractions and some electrophysiologic properties of circular
      muscle from normal sigmoid colon and ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Spontaneous contractions, inhibitory responses produced by electrical field
      stimulation, and some electrophysiologic properties of circular smooth muscle
      from normal sigmoid colon and from sigmoid colon of ulcerative colitis patients
      were compared in vitro using simultaneous recordings of mechanical and
      intracellular electrical activity. In normal colonic circular muscle obtained
      from 21 patients, the frequency of spontaneous summation contractions ranged from
      3 to 7 per 4 min, whereas in circular muscle from 13 patients with ulcerative
      colitis, the frequency of these contractions ranged from 1 to 9 per 4 min.
      Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation produced by electrical field stimulation
      was recorded in the majority of circular smooth muscle strips from both normal
      colon and colon from patients with ulcerative colitis. There were no significant
      differences in mean resting membrane potential, mean slow-wave frequency, mean
      maximum slow-wave amplitude, or inhibitory-junction potential amplitudes recorded
      using circular smooth muscle from both normal colon and colon from patients with
      ulcerative colitis. There appeared to be a weak association in patients with
      ulcerative colitis between increasing duration of symptoms and decreasing
      frequency of spontaneous summation contractions, but there were no associations
      between the frequency of these contractions and the severity of colonic
      inflammation, patient age, or the frequency of stools. The mechanism accounting
      for a wider range in the frequency of summation contractions recorded from
      colonic circular smooth muscle in ulcerative colitis remains to be determined.

PMID- 3371627
TI  - [Significance of early laboratory diagnosis for obstetrical procedures in severe
      gestoses and the HELLP syndrome].
AB  - HELLP syndrome is a severe complication of preeclampsia, incalculable in its
      course and involving high risk for mother and fetus. Over a period of three years
      and eight months a total of 24 patients with HELLP syndrome were treated at
      Gottingen University Gynecological Clinic and the Gynecological Clinic of Munich
      Technical University. In all cases the correct diagnosis had already been made by
      the referring physician or by the obstetrician on admission, taking laboratory
      parameters into account. The chief clinical symptom was upper abdominal pain, All
      of the patients presented with thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes. The
      signs of hemolysis derived from the increased bilirubin concentrations and the
      LDH; in 13 cases fragmentocytes were detected in the peripheral blood smear. No
      indications of a pronounced DIG were found. The mean time elapsed between
      hospitalization and delivery was six hours (0.5-40 hours); 22 patients were
      delivered within 24 hours. Cesarean section was performed in all cases. The mean
      gestational age at the time of birth was 35 weeks (25-38). Three of 24 children
      died prepartially; with the surviving infants no major problems arose in the
      postnatal course. In 19 cases the abdominal cesarean delivery and clinical course
      were without complications. Reoperation, in two cases combined with a puerperal
      hysterectomy, was necessary in three patients, due to subfascial and
      intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal hematomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371629
TI  - [Changes in breech delivery].
AB  - From 1965 to 1981, 1042 singlets born in breech position were recorded out of
      25,004 deliveries, at the Munchen-Harlaching City Hospital. The Caesarean section
      rate was of 48.3%, the perinatal mortality of children weighing more than 1000 g
      was 3.8%, the perinatal mortality of prematures born in breech position was
      19.7%. We subdivided our group of patients in two subgroups: 500 breech
      deliveries from 1965-1973, and 542 breech deliveries from 1973-1981. In the first
      subgroup, the Caesarean section rate was 38%, the perinatal mortality 5.6%, and
      the perinatal mortality of prematures born in breech position 29.6%. In the
      second subgroup, the Caesarean section rate was of 57.7%, the perinatal mortality
      was 2.2%, and the perinatal mortality of premature breech deliveries 8.4%. Since
      the prospective management of delivery, the perioperative conditions, the
      reanimation possibilities, and the close contact to a newborn intensive care
      unit, remained unchanged throughout the entire observation period, we tend to
      correlate the different results obtained in the both subgroups with the different
      Caesarean section rates recorded. We therefore consider that the consistent
      prospective delivery management with ample indication to Caesarean section, is
      also in the Management of a breech delivery even more important than the obliged
      indication to Caesarean section.

PMID- 3371628
TI  - [Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in pregnancy and at onset of labor in
      normal and complicated pregnancies caused by hypertensive gestosis and fetal
      growth retardation].
AB  - Cholesterol triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations were determined in the
      sera of 220 pregnant women at different periods of their pregnancy. In 197
      healthy pregnant women we found besides an increase in cholesterol level and in
      particular an increase in the beta-lipoprotein fractions, a marked increase in
      pre-beta-lipoprotein levels and more than twice as high triglyceride
      concentration in the course of the first to the third trimenon. Nothing abnormal
      was found on comparing the lipid and lipoprotein parameters of 13 pregnant women
      having hypertensive toxaemia, with those of healthy gravidae, with the exception
      of a marked increase in the pre-beta-lipoprotein levels in those patients who
      suffered from toxaemia. No connection was seen between infantile deficient
      development below the tenth percentile and the serum lipid and lipoprotein
      concentrations (n = 10) in the mother. Examinations carried out in 233 pregnant
      women and their children at the time of birth did not yield any connections
      between maternal and infantile protein patterns. All infants had definitely lower
      parameter concentrations than their mothers.

PMID- 3371630
TI  - [Possibilities of therapy by ear acupuncture in female sterility].
AB  - Following differentiated endocrinologic-gynecologic diagnosis auricular
      acupuncture was used in 15 women with oligoamenorrhea and 12 women with luteal
      body insufficiency who had come for hormone consultation because of sterility. In
      both groups the subsequent incidence of pregnancy was comparable to that achieved
      by drug therapy. The greatest successes were in cases of amenorrhea with positive
      gestagen test and normal basal hormones or hyperandrogenemia, while there was
      less improvement in cases with negative gestagen test, anorexia and luteal
      insufficiency. Even though it is time-consuming, acupuncture deserves to be more
      widely used, considering the lack of side effects, the low abortion rate and its
      positive influence on the patient's general condition.

PMID- 3371631
TI  - [Vaginal closure with resorbable clip in total abdominal hysterectomy].
AB  - The latest type of clip stapler with resorbable clips for closure of the vaginal
      stump in abdominal hysterectomies was used by nineteen different surgeons on 80
      patients at two university clinics, employing the same surgical procedure.
      Perioperative handling and the complication-free postoperative course were
      considered satisfactory. There was no dyspareunia, previously described in
      association with metal clips. Granular tissue requiring therapy and
      serosanguinous discharge were clearly reduced. On the basis of measurements of
      vaginal cuffs removed at the same time it can be said that there is no shortening
      of the vagina. The question of costs is discussed.

PMID- 3371632
TI  - [Pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and intratubal embryo transfer].
AB  - The intratubar embryotransfer is a variation of the in vitro fertilization, where
      the procreated preimplantation-embryos are not transferred into the cavum uteri
      but the tube(s). The intracavitar embryotransfer is the only possibility to treat
      irreparable tubar sterility in contrary to sterility not caused by the tubes
      where the transfer can be effected directly into the tubes. Considering the
      gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) one can assume, that the tubes are the best
      physiological place for the very young embryo's evolution. In opposition to the
      GIFT-method the embryotransfer into the tubes will be done only if a
      fertilization was proved: thereby superfluous operations can be avoided and
      additional diagnostic hints can be gained. The valuable indications are the
      following ones: idiopathic sterility, certain cases of andrological subfertility
      and immunological sterility; probably for some kinds of the last indication from
      the intratubar embryotransfer there will result a special area of application. It
      is reported about a viable pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and intratubar
      embryotransfer. The new method is supposed to be called IVF/IT-ET (i.e. in vitro
      fertilization and intratubar embryotransfer).

PMID- 3371633
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot following coumarin administration in early pregnancy--an
      embryopathy?].
AB  - A case report of a 35-year old woman is presented who continued a coumarin
      therapy unconscious of an early pregnancy up to day 61. At term she delivered a
      baby with tetralogy of Fallot, up to now not mentioned in the symptom complex of
      malformations due to a coumarin therapy. In the case presented the typical
      symptoms of a warfarin embryopathy including a chondrodysplasia punctata and
      other morphological changes were lacking. Although some cases of cardiac
      malformations have been reported in literature following coumarin therapy in
      early pregnancy, a causal connection could not be confirmed.

PMID- 3371634
TI  - [Basic problems of medical ethics].
AB  - The discussion on ethical problems in reproductive medicine that has been going
      on for quite a decade, is of an exemplary nature; it is mainly focussed on
      extracorporeal fertilisation, prenatal diagnosis with a view to abortion, and
      post partum diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases. The fundamental problems
      of medical ethics in general come to the fore particularly clearly in this
      discussion. The following article deals with these fundamental problems, whereas
      a subsequent article will be concerned in greater detail with the three special
      disciplines I have just mentioned.

PMID- 3371635
TI  - [Recommendations for the administration of vitamin A in pregnancy].
AB  - During pregnancy vitamin A supplementation cannot generally be recommended, since
      an average diet contains a sufficient amount (7500 IE/day) of vitamin A, since a
      typical malformation pattern has been observed after excessive doses of vitamin A
      during human pregnancy, and since some vitamin A derivatives are embryotoxic and
      teratogenic both in animals and humans. Particular reference is given to the
      recommendations of the American Teratology Society for the use of vitamin A
      during pregnancy.

PMID- 3371636
TI  - [Changes in the DNA content of the blood plasma of patients with hemoblastoses].

PMID- 3371637
TI  - [Prognostic significance of determining aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase
      activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute leukemia in children].

PMID- 3371638
TI  - [The leukocyte adherence inhibition reaction in patients with acute leukemia].

PMID- 3371639
TI  - [Results of a comparative analysis of hematopoiesis in patients with blood
      depressions].

PMID- 3371640
TI  - [The main tasks in resolving the problem of congenital coagulopathies today].

PMID- 3371641
TI  - [Changes in the work capacity of patients with iron-deficiency anemia as affected
      by short-term therapy with iron preparations].

PMID- 3371642
TI  - [Changes in the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in
      alcoholism].

PMID- 3371643
TI  - [First cases of the detection of Hb Hyde Park in the Soviet Union].

PMID- 3371644
TI  - [Functional nonequivalency of the erythrocytes in donor blood in relation to
      their acid resistance].

PMID- 3371645
TI  - [A simple method of searching for A2 erythrocytes in practice by selection].

PMID- 3371646
TI  - Mechanism controlling photostimulated luteinizing hormone secretion is different
      from preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
      japonica).
AB  - A so-called "night-interruption" experiment with a 15-min light pulse showed that
      a sensitive phase for the photoperiodic LH secretion in male Japanese quail
      extended over a period of 2 hr from 12.5 to 14.5 hr after dawn. Exposure of a 1
      hr light pulse at this photosensitive phase to male quail kept under 8L:16D
      induced the increase of plasma LH concentrations just the same as quail
      transferred to 16L:8D. In the first few days of photostimulation either by night
      interruption or by long days, LH concentrations increased at several hours after
      the photosensitive phase and decreased to the basal levels before day-break. The
      amplitude and duration of this LH surge was somewhat like a preovulatory LH surge
      in females. However barbiturate anesthesia (pentobarbital and phenobarbital)
      administered on, before, or after the photosensitive phase did not block the LH
      increase by photostimulation. On the other hand, an injection of phenobarbital 14
      hr before the expected ovulation blocked a preovulatory LH surge, even though the
      same drug failed to block photoinduced LH increase in females. These results
      indicate that the neuroendocrine mechanism involved in photostimulated LH release
      is different from that for an LH surge during an ovulatory cycle.

PMID- 3371647
TI  - Plasma levels of immunoreactive mesotocin and vasotocin during oviposition in
      chickens: relationship to oxytocic action of the peptides in vitro and peptide
      interaction with myometrial membrane binding sites.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) were
      measured periodically before and subsequent to spontaneous oviposition in
      conscious chickens. The concentrations of AVT and MT approximately an hour prior
      to oviposition were 5.2 +/- 1.1 microU/ml and 14.7 +/- 5.1 pg/ml, respectively.
      Plasma AVT levels increased abruptly at oviposition (25.1 +/- 3.3 microU/ml) and
      decreased to 5.0 +/- 0.6 microU/ml within 30 min postoviposition. Significant
      changes in MT were not observed. The data indicate that AVT is selectively
      released during oviposition. The uterus was removed immediately after oviposition
      and the oxytocic potencies of several peptides were tested on muscle strips in
      vitro. The order of oxytocic potencies was AVT greater than or equal to arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) much greater than MT = pressinoic acid. Partially purified
      membranes were prepared from separate portions of the uteri used in the oxytocic
      assay. [3H]arginine8 vasopressin, [3H]AVP, bound to membranes saturably (Bmax =
      17 fmol/mg protein) and with high affinity (Kd = 0.7 nM). The rank order of
      potency of the peptides in displacing [3H]AVP from the binding sites was the same
      as in the oxytocic assay which suggests that the [3H]AVP binding sites in uterine
      membranes represent physiological receptors that interact with AVT during
      oviposition.

PMID- 3371648
TI  - Arginine vasotocin from the pituitary gland of the lamprey (Petromyzon marinus):
      isolation and amino acid sequence.
AB  - Arginine vasotocin (AVT) was isolated from extracts of sea lamprey pituitary
      glands (Petromyzon marinus). The amino acid sequence Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro
      Arg-Gly-NH2 is identical to the molecule isolated from teleosts and tetrapods.
      The total yield was estimated to be 9.6 pmol per gland. No evidence could be
      found for the existence of a second neurohypophyseal nonapeptide in the lamprey
      pituitary.

PMID- 3371649
TI  - In vivo steroidogenic effects of homologous pituitary ventral lobe extract in the
      spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
AB  - Pregnant Squalus acanthias were injected intravenously with aqueous extract
      equivalent to three pituitary ventral lobes (VL). Blood samples were withdrawn by
      caudal sinus puncture at intervals over a period of 72 hr and plasma
      progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta measured by radioimmunoassay.
      Early pregnancy animals (Stage A) failed to respond, but mid-pregnancy animals
      (Stage C) responded to VL with significant increases in plasma steroids. Plasma
      progesterone and testosterone were increased sevenfold and plasma estradiol-17
      beta fourfold by 10-24 hr postinjection. These studies demonstrate pregnancy
      stage-dependent differences in gonadal sensitivity to a pituitary ventral lobe
      gonadotropic moiety.

PMID- 3371650
TI  - Endocrine changes in photostimulated willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus)
      and Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus).
AB  - Changes in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), and
      triiodothyronine (T3) and the height of supraorbital combs were compared in
      captive willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus lagopus) and Svalbard ptarmigan
      (Lagopus mutus hyperboreus) exposed to an artificial annual cycle of daylength
      simulating that at 70 degrees N. Plasma LH and testosterone and comb height
      increased more slowly in Svalbard than in willow ptarmigan as daylength
      increased. In both species, plasma LH and testosterone fell abruptly, and the
      supraorbital combs regressed in June, marking the development of long-day
      refractoriness. Comparison with free-living Svalbard ptarmigan (K.-A. Stokkan, P.
      J. Sharp, and S. Unander (1986) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 61, 446-451) at 80 degrees
      N, showed a similar slow increase in reproductive function before the onset of
      the breeding season. However, maximum plasma LH levels and comb size were higher
      in free-living than in captive Svalbard ptarmigan. Furthermore, long-day
      refractoriness developed earlier in captive than in free-living Svalbard
      ptarmigan. In both species of ptarmigan, the development of long-day
      refractoriness was associated with increased plasma prolactin. This increase was
      larger and occurred earlier in the Svalbard than in the willow ptarmigan.
      Seasonal changes in thyroid hormones were not as marked as for the other hormones
      measured. In both species, plasma T4 tended to increase and plasma T3 to decrease
      as daylength increased. A small increase in plasma T3 was seen after the
      development of long-day refractoriness in both species. It is concluded that
      captivity depresses the photoperiodic response of Svalbard ptarmigan more than
      that of willow ptarmigan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371651
TI  - Thyroxine status as a criterion for success of hypophysectomy in winter flounder
      (Pseudopleuronectes americanus).

PMID- 3371653
TI  - Quantitative analysis of steroids and steroid glucuronides in the seminal vesicle
      fluid of feral spawning and feral and cultivated nonspawning African catfish,
      Clarias gariepinus.
AB  - The seminal vesicles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, can produce at least
      seven different steroid glucuronides, especially during the breeding season. In
      the present experiments quantification of the seven compounds and their free
      steroids was carried out by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in
      particular by selected ion monitoring, using seminal vesicle fluid of African
      catfish collected in the Hula nature reserve (Israel) and from a nearby fish
      farm. Some of the feral fish were in spawning condition; the others and the pond
      fish were in nonspawning condition. Compared to the nonspawning groups, in the
      feral spawning animals a significantly higher level was found especially of 5
      beta-pregnane- 3 alpha,17 alpha-diol-20-one-glucuronide, but also of 5 beta
      androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol-glucuronide, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta
      diol-11-one-glucuronide, and 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha-diol-20-one. The
      feral and pond nonspawning groups mainly differed in a signficantly higher
      concentration of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha-diol-20-one-glucuronide in the
      feral nonspawning fish. For the levels of etiocholanolone, testosterone, 5 beta
      androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, and their glucuronides no significant differences
      were observed between the three groups, and 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone and its
      glucuronide could not be detected in the seminal vesicle fluid of any of the
      animals. The increase in the concentration of three 5 beta-reduced steroid
      glucuronides may point to a pheromonal function of one or more of these
      compounds, as demonstrated for the entire steroid glucuronide fraction of the
      seminal vesicle fluid. Experiments are being carried out to verify this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 3371654
TI  - A genetic analysis of body size in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
AB  - Two small-sized and two large-sized male pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
      were mated to each of four females, producing eight families sired by small males
      and eight sired by large males. The juveniles were reared for 500 d after fry
      emergence. Juvenile weight in the two male size classes was similar until the
      spring of the year of maturity, when juveniles sired by large males grew faster
      than those sired by small ones. Heritability estimates of weight based upon the
      dam component of variance increased during 500 d of rearing from 0.4 to 0.8.
      Heritability of weight based upon the sire component of variance generally ranged
      between 0.1 and 0.3. The large variation in male body size in spawning pink
      salmon populations may have resulted from different male breeding strategies.

PMID- 3371652
TI  - Synthesis of apolar ecdysone esters by ovaries of the cockroach Periplaneta
      americana.
AB  - Ecdysteroid levels detected by RIA in extracts of mature ovaries from Periplaneta
      americana increased approximately fourfold (53 +/- 10 to 184 +/- 38 ng/g; +/-
      SEM, n = 3) on treatment with Helix pomatia "sulphatase" enzymes. HPLC analysis
      showed that this increase in immunoreactivity resulted from the hydrolysis of six
      apolar compounds that cochromatographed with the ecdysteroid esters previously
      shown to be present in newly laid oothecae (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6; A. J.
      Slinger, L. N. Dinan, and R. E. Isaac (1986). Insect Biochem. 16 (i), 115-119).
      Intact ovaries cultured in saline were able to take up [3H]ecdysone from the
      medium and synthesize ecdysone esters, most of which cochromatographed with
      immunoreactive peaks from ovaries and oothecae. Crude homogenates and membranes
      prepared from mature ovaries were also able to esterify ecdysone in vitro. The
      enzyme activity associated with a high-speed pellet was greatly enhanced by the
      addition of coenzyme A fatty acyl esters, each reaction resulting in the
      synthesis of a single major metabolite. The three esters formed on incubating
      ecdysone with coenzyme A-palmitate, -lineate, and -oleate could be characterized
      by their retention times on HPLC which were identical to compounds A2, A5, and
      A6, respectively. These compounds were the three quantitatively important
      immunoreactive esters found in ovaries and newly laid oothecae. The data
      presented indicates that ovaries can esterify ecdysone with palmitic, linoleic,
      and oleic acids and that these apolar derivatives are transferred to the egg. The
      esters appear to be different from the ecdysone 22-fatty acyl esters that have
      been isolated from ticks and other insects.

PMID- 3371656
TI  - A genetic analysis of early development in pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum
      salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at three different temperatures.
AB  - A factorial mating design was employed in which five males were mated to each of
      five females in each of two stocks for both pink and chum salmon. The resulting
      embryos and alevins were incubated at constant water temperatures of 4, 8, and 16
      degrees C for pink salmon and 3, 8, and 15 degrees C for chum salmon. Variation
      among families in alevin and fry survival rates, hatching, button-up time,
      length, and weight was the least at 8 degrees C. Heritability of traits directly
      correlated with fitness, such as survival rates and button-up time, was low at
      all temperatures (h2 less than or equal to 0.25). Maternal effects could account
      for a substantial portion of the variation in alevin and fry size characters.
      Nonadditive genetic variance accounted for more of the variation in fry size
      characters than in those of alevins. Negative genetic correlations were observed
      between embryo survival and subsequent alevin size and between hatching time and
      subsequent alevin and fry size. Genotype-temperature interactions could underlie
      a substantial amount of phenotypic variation in the developmental characters
      examined for both species.

PMID- 3371655
TI  - Chromosomal pairing in deer mice heterozygous for the presence of heterochromatic
      short arms.
AB  - The pattern of chromosomal pairing was analyzed in male deer mice (Peromyscus
      maniculatus and Peromyscus sitkensis) heterozygous for the presence of
      heterochromatic short arms. G- and C-banding of somatic metaphases indicated that
      the presence of heterochromatic short arms increased the length of chromosome 4
      by 15% in P. sitkensis and that of chromosome 8 by 9% in P. maniculatus. Analysis
      of silver-stained late zygotene and early pachytene nuclei revealed a low
      frequency of unequal axial lengths in the synaptonemal complexes corresponding to
      the heteromorphic bivalents. All mid- and late pachytene nuclei, however,
      exhibited fully paired synaptonemal complexes with equalized axial lengths. These
      observations suggest the existence of an adjustment mechanism which functions to
      equalize the lengths of the two axes of the heteromorphic synaptonemal complex.

PMID- 3371657
TI  - Changing directions in Pol III transcription.

PMID- 3371658
TI  - Interferon-induced nuclear factors that bind a shared promoter element correlate
      with positive and negative transcriptional control.
AB  - Human alpha- and beta-interferons (IFNs) stimulate rapid but transient increases
      in transcription from a set of previously quiescent genes. Protein synthesis is
      not required for initial stimulation, but duration of the response is limited to
      a few hours by a process requiring synthesis of new proteins. An IFN-stimulated
      response element (ISRE) was identified 5' to an inducible gene by deletion
      analysis and point mutagenesis, and sequence comparisons with other promoters
      defined the consensus element YAGTTTC(A/T)YTTTYCC. Two classes of IFN-inducible
      nuclear factors were found that bind to the ISRE. The most rapidly induced factor
      appeared without new protein synthesis, whereas a second factor required active
      protein synthesis for its appearance and maintenance. The kinetics of appearance
      and loss of these binding activities correlate with the activation and repression
      of IFN-stimulated genes. These different IFN-activated or induced factors may
      bind sequentially to the same essential promoter element to first increase and
      then repress transcription.

PMID- 3371659
TI  - Constitutive and metal-inducible protein:DNA interactions at the mouse
      metallothionein I promoter examined by in vivo and in vitro footprinting.
AB  - A method of high resolution in vivo footprinting has been developed and used to
      survey the mouse metallothionein I (MT-I) promoter for protein : DNA interactions
      associated with basal-level transcription and with high-level metal-induced
      transcription. This promoter and its associated regulatory region is structurally
      complex. It contains multiple potential binding sites for metal regulatory
      factors and for other transcription factors, including SP1 and MLTF. In several
      cases potential recognition sites overlap, and the experiments reported here
      provide a view of which sites are utilized in vivo. These data also show how the
      pattern of protein : DNA contacts changes when cells are shifted from basal-level
      expression to metal-induced expression. The noninduced footprint pattern consists
      of interactions at basal elements that are thought to be responsible for the
      moderate transcription of this gene in the absence of added metals. These
      interactions remain unchanged upon metal induction. When MT-I expression is
      increased by exposing cells to zinc or cadmium, a new footprint pattern is
      observed. It includes the basal interactions and a new set of metal-dependent
      footprints that are positioned over all five genetically defined metal responsive
      elements (MREs), MRE-A--MRE-E. In addition, these data identify a sixth probable
      MRE, MRE-F, which displays a dimethylsulfate (DMS) footprint similar to that at
      other MREs.

PMID- 3371660
TI  - The care and feeding of new biotechnology.

PMID- 3371661
TI  - Efficient transformation of mammalian cells with constructs containing a
      puromycin-resistance marker.
AB  - Recombinant plasmids have been obtained that lead to the accumulation of five- to
      ten-fold more puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase (PAC) mRNA and two- to three-fold
      more PAC activity than the already described plasmid pSV2pac [Vara et al., Nucl.
      Acids Res. 14 (1986) 4117-4124]. When these optimized recombinants were used for
      stable transformation to puromycin resistance, efficiencies up to 1 x 10(-2) were
      obtained, indicating that these pac-containing recombinants may be very useful
      dominant selectable markers for gene transfer in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3371662
TI  - Characterization of the Erwinia carotovora pelA gene and its product pectate
      lyase A.
AB  - The pelA gene from Erwinia carotovora strain EC encodes pectate lyase A (PLa).
      The gene was cloned and sequenced. The PLa was purified from Escherichia coli
      containing the pelA gene on a recombinant plasmid. The optimum pH for the enzyme
      reaction is at pH 8.5; the optimum temperature for the enzyme reaction is at 40
      degrees C; and the purified PLa alone can macerate potato slices. Nucleotide
      sequence of pelA and the deduced polypeptide sequence of PLa were compared with
      the pelB gene of E. carotovora and the deduced amino acid sequence of PLb. The
      nucleotide sequences are 82% homologous and the amino acid sequences are 88%
      homologous.

PMID- 3371663
TI  - Sequence organization and putative regulatory elements in the 5S rRNA genes of
      two higher plants (Vigna radiata and Matthiola incana).
AB  - The tandemly arranged and clustered highly repeated 5S rRNA genes are
      investigated for two plants belonging to different higher plant families:
      Matthiola incana (Brassicaceae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae; 3600 5S rRNA genes/n) shows
      a homogeneous repeat size of 510 bp, whereas Vigna radiata (mung bean, former
      Phaseolus aureus, Fabaceae, Rosidae; approx. 4300 5S rRNA genes) has a repeat
      size of 215 bp. The mung-bean 5S rRNA coding region starts 5' with AGG and ends
      with CCT; Matthiola starts with GGG and ends with CCC. Striking is the strict
      occurrence of a 'TATA' box starting at nucleotide-28 similar to Neurospora crassa
      5S rRNA genes. The 3' end is followed by CTTTT or GTTT stretches present in
      different numbers in the non-transcribed spacer suggesting a function in
      termination.

PMID- 3371664
TI  - Molecular characterization of the patatin multigene family of potato.
AB  - Patatin is a family of glycoproteins that accounts for up to 40% of the total
      soluble protein in potato tubers. We isolated and characterized 25 patatin
      genomic clones. All of these exhibit different restriction patterns, but can be
      divided into two classes based on the presence (class II) or absence (class I) of
      a 22-bp sequence within the 5'-untranslated region. We determined the complete
      nucleotide sequence of the class-I clone PS20 and the 5'-flanking sequence of
      seven additional clones. The transcribed region of PS20 spans 3197 bp and is
      divided by six introns. The seven exons encode a transcript which is identical to
      the cDNA, cloned in pGM203 [Mignery et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 7987
      8000]. The 5'-flanking sequences of both class-I and class-II patatin genes are
      highly homologous up to bp position -87 and then diverge. This conserved region
      contains the CAAT and TATA homologies as well as a homology to the core enhancer
      sequence. Within a class there are additional large regions of homology, but
      differences exist that allow the patatin genes to be further divided into several
      discrete subclasses. S1 nuclease protection experiments with both class-I and
      class-II probes showed that class-I transcripts are the predominant species
      present in tubers. Class-II transcripts are present in tubers, but are 50-100
      fold less abundant. In potato roots, class-II transcripts are the predominant
      species and few, if any, class-I transcripts are present.

PMID- 3371666
TI  - [Hygienic standardization of the content of trichloromandelic acid in reservoir
      water].

PMID- 3371665
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the human vimentin gene and regulation of its
      transcription in tissues and cultured cells.
AB  - We have previously reported the identification and isolation by mRNA
      selection/translation of a recombinant clone containing 80% of the human vimentin
      gene sequence [Lilienbaum et al., EMBO J. 5 (1986) 2809-2814]. We present here
      the nucleotide sequence of this genomic clone including the 3' untranslated
      region. To complete the coding sequence, we have isolated cDNA recombinant clones
      (1.1 kb) of vimentin from human libraries constructed in lambda gt11. Comparison
      of the coding sequence between human and hamster shows 90% homology at the
      nucleotide level and four differences out of 353 amino acid residues, as deduced
      from the nucleotide sequences. In addition to the extensive homology previously
      reported between the coding sequences of hamster and human vimentin genes
      [Ferrari et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 (1986) 3614-3620], we observed that the
      positions of the noncoding regions are also conserved and that the 3'
      nontranslated region includes two canonic poly(A) signals. Hybridization of the
      clones to mRNA from different mammalian sources revealed a single species of 2 kb
      and confirmed that the length of the untranslated and coding sequences are
      conserved. Quantitative estimations of the mRNA levels in mammalian cells and
      tissues of various origins are consistent with transcriptional regulation.

PMID- 3371667
TI  - [Validation of sanitary improvement in working conditions of postal department
      workers].

PMID- 3371668
TI  - [Physiological hygiene principles in developing special clothing applicable to
      the conditions of thermally neutral and warming microclimates].

PMID- 3371669
TI  - [Use of a mathematical model for predicting chemical allergy based on indices of
      immune status].

PMID- 3371670
TI  - [Principles of the hygienic standardization of gaseous sterilizing agents in
      articles intended for medical use].

PMID- 3371671
TI  - [Complex hygienic evaluation of the food ration of coal-stripping workers in the
      Far North].

PMID- 3371672
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of canned baby food made from meat standardized for mineral
      content].

PMID- 3371673
TI  - [Hemodynamic characteristics of students with neurocirculatory dystonia
      undergoing physical loading].

PMID- 3371674
TI  - [The physicians of the world learn to think anew].

PMID- 3371675
TI  - [Problems in improving the postgraduate training of administrators of the
      epidemiological health service].

PMID- 3371676
TI  - [Photometric determination of 3-chloroacetyl indole in the air].

PMID- 3371677
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of 2 methods of determining tungsten in the air].

PMID- 3371678
TI  - [Determination of heavy metals in hair].

PMID- 3371679
TI  - [Determination of granulite AC-8 in the air of a work area].

PMID- 3371680
TI  - [Methodological approaches to developing a subject heading list on the problem of
      the scientific bases of rural hygiene].

PMID- 3371681
TI  - [Gas chromatographic determination of xylene isomers in skin washings].

PMID- 3371682
TI  - [Experience in using load tests to study the cardiovasotoxic action of harmful
      chemical substances].

PMID- 3371683
TI  - [A labyrinth for research on the motor activity of white rats].

PMID- 3371684
TI  - [The role of local immunity of the mucous membranes in protecting the body
      against the action of biological environmental factors].

PMID- 3371685
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of traffic noise in the city of Kirdzhali (People's Republic
      of Bulgaria)].

PMID- 3371686
TI  - [Use of the air-migration criterion of hazards in setting a standard for the
      content of chemical substances in reservoir water].

PMID- 3371687
TI  - [Is the need justified for a review of the concept of the nature (type) of the
      combined action of chemical compounds?].

PMID- 3371688
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of elevated ozone concentrations in the air].

PMID- 3371690
TI  - [A search for optimal forms of conducting exams on electronic computers].

PMID- 3371689
TI  - [Hygienic standards for 2,4-dichlorotoluene in reservoir water].

PMID- 3371691
TI  - [Force of the dominance process in athletes depending on the crucial nature of
      the competitions].

PMID- 3371693
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the levels of exposure to occupational factors in
      different subgroups of x-ray office personnel].

PMID- 3371692
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of polyphenylene oxide and of aryloxes based on it].

PMID- 3371694
TI  - [Behavior of trichlorobenzene in the body of rats with single and multiple
      intragastric uptake].

PMID- 3371695
TI  - [Action of benzene on the early stages of antibody genesis].

PMID- 3371696
TI  - [Complex hygienic standardization of furadan in reservoir water and in food
      products].

PMID- 3371697
TI  - [Industrial hygiene problems in thermonuclear power engineering].

PMID- 3371698
TI  - [Primary prevention of occupational diseases in East Germany].

PMID- 3371699
TI  - [Functional indices of the cardiovascular system in pronounced neuro-emotional
      tension].

PMID- 3371700
TI  - [Organizational aspects of the prevention of ischemic heart disease in fishermen
      in the period between trips].

PMID- 3371701
TI  - [Assessing the hazards of chemical compounds by taking into account metabolic and
      toxicokinetic criteria].

PMID- 3371702
TI  - [Hygienic assessment of the working conditions during autogenous processes of
      smelting copper and nickel ores and concentrates].

PMID- 3371703
TI  - [Attitude of industrial workers to the consumption of alcohol-containing drinks
      (an analysis of questionnaire data)].

PMID- 3371704
TI  - [Function of the reproductive system of women working in agricultural production
      (epidemiological research)].

PMID- 3371705
TI  - [Mutagenic effects in persons in contact with synthetic resins].

PMID- 3371706
TI  - [Modifying action of nicotine on the cytogenetic activity of dimethyl sulfate,
      formaldehyde and lead].

PMID- 3371707
TI  - [Data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of phenol
      tetrafluoroethyl ester in the air of a work area].

PMID- 3371709
TI  - [Assessment of the degree of radiation safety in operating radioisotope and pulse
      X-ray flaw detectors].

PMID- 3371708
TI  - [Effect of para-nitrochlorobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene on carbohydrate
      and energy metabolism in rats].

PMID- 3371711
TI  - [A method of computing noise parameters and loudness by sound intensity].

PMID- 3371710
TI  - [Effectiveness of measures for sanitary improvement in a factory of the rubber
      footwear industry].

PMID- 3371712
TI  - [Assessment of the accuracy of photometric methods for determining harmful
      substances in the air of a work area].

PMID- 3371713
TI  - Reflux oesophagitis and oesophageal transit: evidence for a primary oesophageal
      motor disorder.
AB  - Patients with reflux oesophagitis have a diminished capacity for distal
      oesophageal clearance. This is considered to be secondary to acid reflux damage
      to the oesophageal wall. We have postulated that the observed oesophageal
      dysmotility is a primary phenomenon. Using 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring and
      the solid bolus oesophageal egg transit test, we evaluated the oesophageal
      transit of 55 patients, with symptomatic reflux oesophagitis, and 16 healthy
      volunteers. The transit for the entire oesophagus was significantly prolonged in
      the patient group. This delay was evident in all three segments of the
      oesophagus. Amongst the patients, there was significant correlation between the
      oesophageal transit time and the number of prolonged reflux events. No
      correlation was found, however, between symptom score or severity of endoscopic
      oesophagitis and transit time. These results would indicate that the oesophageal
      dysmotility is an integral part of gastrooesophageal reflux disease, and is more
      of a cause than an effect.

PMID- 3371714
TI  - Determinants of delayed gastric emptying in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
AB  - Gastric emptying was measured using a gamma camera in 22 patients with anorexia
      nervosa, in 10 patients of normal or high weight with bulimia nervosa and in 10
      controls. Patients with anorexia nervosa were tested (1) while underweight and
      selecting their own diet (10 patients); (2) underweight, but receiving an
      adequate diet on an inpatient unit (refeeding diet) (12 patients); and (3) under
      refeeding diet conditions after weight gain (eight patients). Three meals, each
      labelled with technetium 99m-sulphur colloid, 3.7 MBq were used: (1) a mixed
      solid meal containing labelled poached egg; (2) 200 ml d-glucose solution, 0.5
      kcal/ml, and (3) 200 ml physiological saline. Only gastric emptying rates of the
      solid meal and glucose solution were significantly delayed. Gastric emptying of
      saline was normal. The gastric disturbance was confined to patients with anorexia
      nervosa selecting their own diet. Patients receiving adequate nutrition on the
      ward had normal gastric emptying and weight gain in this group had no significant
      effect on emptying. Slow emptying was observed in patients who maintained a low
      weight solely by food restriction as well as in patients whose anorexia nervosa
      was complicated by episodes of bulimia. Thus, slow gastric emptying occurred when
      the quantity of food reaching the duodenum was sufficiently reduced to result in
      severe weight loss. Moreover, abnormal gastric emptying was seen only after the
      two meals that contained calories and were hypertonic to plasma, either of which
      properties could mediate the disturbance. Gastric emptying in bulimia nervosa was
      normal. Slow gastric emptying could exacerbate undereating in starving patients
      with anorexia nervosa by enhancing satiety.

PMID- 3371715
TI  - Naturally occurring chronic gastritis and C pylori infection in the rhesus
      monkey: a potential model for gastritis in man.
AB  - Histological examination of the stomachs of Rhesus monkeys at autopsy showed
      chronic gastritis in a high proportion of all ages. Lesions consisted of mild to
      heavy infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and
      histiocytes. The antrum was most consistently affected, but lesions were also
      present in the fundus and pylorus. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms (GCLO)
      apparently identical to human C pylori were cultured and/or detected
      immunohistologically in several animals. Electron microscopy showed the spiral
      bacteria on the epithelial surface and in gastric pits. They did not penetrate
      the cells but were intimately attached to the apical plasma membrane and caused
      loss of microvilli. Antibodies to C pylori were detected in serum of the monkeys
      by ELISA. The immunospecificity of this antibody response was confirmed by
      Western blotting techniques. A small number of cynomolgus monkeys examined had
      gastritis, which may also be associated with the presence of C pylori. Baboons
      did not have gastritis, nor was C pylori cultured from their stomachs. The study
      indicates that the Rhesus monkey has a naturally occurring gastritis associated
      with C pylori infection and may therefore be a suitable experimental animal for
      the human disease.

PMID- 3371716
TI  - Response of the jejunal mucosa of dogs with aerobic and anaerobic bacterial
      overgrowth to antibiotic therapy.
AB  - Dogs with naturally occurring aerobic or anaerobic bacterial overgrowth have been
      examined before and after antibiotic therapy in order to assess reversibility of
      damage to the jejunal mucosa. Histological changes in peroral jejunal biopsies
      were relatively minor before and after treatment, but sucrose density gradient
      centrifugation revealed specific biochemical abnormalities that responded to
      antibiotic therapy. Aerobic overgrowth was initially associated with a marked
      loss of the main brush border component of alkaline phosphatase activity; this
      recovered following treatment, suggesting that aerobic bacteria may cause
      reversible damage to the hydrophobic region of the brush border membrane. In
      contrast, anaerobic overgrowth was initially associated with a marked reduction
      in brush border density, indicative of a considerable fall in the glycoprotein-to
      lipid ratio of the membrane. Density increased from 1.17 to 1.21 g/ml after
      antibiotic therapy, consistent with recovery from this relatively severe damage
      to the brush border caused by anaerobic bacteria. Reductions in soluble and
      peroxisomal catalase activities which could compromise mucosal protection against
      free radicals in dogs with aerobic overgrowth, and a loss of particulate malate
      dehydrogenase activity indicative of mitochondrial disruption in dogs with
      anaerobic overgrowth, were also reversed after treatment. These findings indicate
      that aerobic and anaerobic bacterial overgrowth can result in contrasting but
      potentially reversible damage to the jejunal mucosa which would not be detected
      by conventional investigative procedures.

PMID- 3371717
TI  - Ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant.
AB  - A clearly defined progression of fasting small intestinal motor development is
      seen in the human infant from disorganised low amplitude motor activity before 31
      weeks gestation through an intermediate phase of increasing motor organisation
      and amplitude to the development of a normal cyclical pattern of motor activity
      with clearly defined phase I, II, and III activity between 37 weeks gestation and
      term. With increasing maturity smooth muscle contractility [gastric antral
      pressure (5-30 mmHg), average duodenal pressure (2-12 mmHg)], propagation and
      slow wave frequency (10.5-12.5 cpm) all increased in a significant fashion (p
      less than 0.01). The stage of development of fasting motor activity in the small
      intestine of the preterm infant can now be readily predicted from the gestational
      age of the infant.

PMID- 3371718
TI  - Experimental colonic carcinogenesis: changes in faecal bile acids after promotion
      of intestinal tumours by small bowel resection in the rat.
AB  - Small bowel resection promotes the development of colonic tumours in azoxymethane
      treated rats. As high faecal bile acid concentrations are associated with colonic
      cancer and may be altered by resection, we have studied changes in faecal bile
      acid concentrations during promotion of colonic carcinogenesis by increasing
      small bowel resection. Twenty rats in each group underwent either jejunal
      transection or 20%, 50%, or 80% proximal small bowel resection. Tumours were
      induced with azoxymethane 10 mg/kg by 12 weekly subcutaneous injections, and
      faecal bile acid concentrations were measured at six and 16 weeks. Colonic tumour
      number rose from 0.6 per rat in the transection group to 1.6 per rat in the 50%
      resection group (p less than 0.01) but were not significantly different to
      transection values at 0.8 per rat in the 80% resection group. Total daily faecal
      bile acid excretion and bile acid concentrations fell with increasing resection
      from 14.2 (1.6) mg/rat/day and 5.8 (0.7) mg/g dry faeces respectively in the
      transection group to 6.5 (0.5) mg/rat/day and 2.9 (0.2) mg/g respectively in the
      80% resection group (p less than 0.001). The greatest reduction was seen in the
      concentration of deoxycholic acid which has been particularly associated with the
      aetiology of colonic cancer. The promotion of colonic tumours following small
      bowel resection in carcinogen treated rats is unlikely to be mediated by changes
      in faecal bile acid concentration or composition.

PMID- 3371719
TI  - Disordered regulation of the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by intestinal
      mononuclear cells in Crohn's disease.
AB  - In vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by isolated intestinal mononuclear cells of
      macroscopically normal mucosa from patients with Crohn's disease has been studied
      and results compared with those obtained with cells from normal mucosa of
      resection specimens from patients with colonic carcinoma, or other intestinal
      disorders. The total lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) in Crohn's disease
      produced spontaneously less IgA and more IgG than the control groups, but no
      difference was observed for IgM. An enriched lymphocyte fraction (LPL) of the
      Crohn's disease patients showed a higher spontaneous synthesis of IgA and IgG
      when compared with controls. In contrast, another fraction enriched for
      macrophages (LPM) produced spontaneously less IgA, IgG, and IgM in Crohn's, than
      in control patients. Incubation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) decreased
      immunoglobulin synthesis by LPMC in Crohn's disease and controls, and this was
      enhanced by simultaneous incubation with concanavalin A. In controls PWM
      stimulation increased immunoglobulin synthesis by LPL and decreased
      immunoglobulin synthesis by LPM. In Crohn's disease, however, PWM had no effect
      on either fraction. This study shows major differences in the regulation of the
      immunoglobulin synthesis by intestinal cells between Crohn's disease and
      controls.

PMID- 3371720
TI  - Ulcerative colitis--a disease characterised by the abnormal colonic epithelial
      cell?
AB  - The leakiness of the cell membranes of colonic epithelial cells isolated by the
      collagenase/Dispase technique from normal or diseased colons was assessed in a 4
      h 51Cr release assay. Cells from normal, adenoma bearing or cancer bearing colons
      showed 51Cr release of 8% or less in almost all of 46 cell populations tested. In
      contrast, cells from mucosa affected by ulcerative colitis [11.9 (4.3%) n = 23]
      or Crohn's disease [8.4 (2.7%) n = 18] released significantly more 51Cr than the
      non-inflamed groups. Values are expressed as mean (SD). Overall, release values
      were greater in ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). In
      Crohn's disease, cells obtained from histologically inflamed mucosa released
      significantly more 51Cr [9.7 (2.5%) n = 11] than those from non-inflamed mucosa
      [6.4 (1.5%) n = 7, p less than 0.02] whereas, in ulcerative colitis, abnormal
      release values were found in 8 of 13 cell populations isolated from mucosa
      showing no histological evidence of active disease. In five patients with distal
      ulcerative colitis, cells from mucosa not apparently involved demonstrated normal
      51Cr release in four of five studies despite abnormal release from cells from
      involved mucosa suggesting that a diffuse abnormality of the colonic epithelial
      cell is not usually present. These data indicate that chronic mucosal
      inflammation per se is associated with abnormalities of the colonic epithelial
      cell but that, in ulcerative colitis, the abnormality remains in many patients
      with quiescent disease. Identification of the local factors responsible for such
      an abnormality may contribute to an understanding of the pathogenesis of
      ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 3371721
TI  - Perforation of gastric squamous carcinoma metachronous to laryngeal carcinoma:
      metastatic in origin?
AB  - The local and regional spread of squamous cancer of the head and neck is well
      described. We report a possible unusual pattern of spread from a primary
      laryngeal carcinoma, which presented as gastric perforation.

PMID- 3371722
TI  - Pathophysiological study of diarrhoea in a patient with medullary thyroid
      carcinoma. Evidence against a secretory mechanism and for the role of shortened
      colonic transit time.
AB  - Intubation techniques and scintigraphic studies were used to determine the origin
      and mechanism of diarrhoea in a patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma, high
      plasma immunoreactive calcitonin and normal circulating serotonin, substance P
      and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Normal function of the small intestine was
      found for the following: (a) absorption tests; (b) water and electrolyte
      absorption in the proximal jejunum; (c) 24 hour flow rate and composition of
      fluid entering the colon and (d) gastric emptying rate and small intestinal
      progression of a normal meal. By contrast, colonic function was markedly impaired
      in three ways: (a) water absorption was decreased by half; (b) as the main
      excreted solutes were organic acids, a large electrolyte gap was recorded in
      faecal water, and (c) colonic transit time of the meal marker was very short, and
      was in agreement with the rapid transit of ingested radioopaque markers. These
      data strongly suggest that decreased absorption in the colon secondary to a motor
      disturbance is the main mechanism of diarrhoea in this case of medullary thyroid
      carcinoma, while calcitonin induced small intestinal fluid secretion suggested
      earlier is either non-existent, or only of minor importance.

PMID- 3371724
TI  - Non-psychogenic primary polydipsia in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with
      severe hyperglobulinaemia.
AB  - The association of hyperglobulinaemia with renal tubular acidosis and nephrogenic
      diabetes insipidus is well established. A patient with marked hyperglobulinaemia
      due to autoimmune chronic active hepatitis is described who presented with severe
      polydipsia and polyuria but had entirely normal renal tubular function indicating
      a primary thirst disorder.

PMID- 3371723
TI  - Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and ophthalmoplegia in a patient with
      mitochondrial myopathy.
AB  - A 38 year old woman having chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with
      mitochondrial myopathy is reported. The clinical and radiographic features
      suggested the diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Muscular atrophy
      and ophthalmoplegia led to muscle biopsy, which disclosed accumulation of normal
      and abnormal mitochondria ('ragged red fibres'), characteristic of mitochondrial
      myopathy.

PMID- 3371725
TI  - Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate on unhealed duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 3371726
TI  - Bile acid malabsorption in progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 3371727
TI  - Preservation of faecal continence during rises in ultra-abdominal pressure.

PMID- 3371728
TI  - Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction.

PMID- 3371729
TI  - Dilatation of 'impossible' malignant oesophageal strictures using angiographic
      techniques.

PMID- 3371730
TI  - Endoscopic needle aspiration cytology.

PMID- 3371731
TI  - Outlook on day care.

PMID- 3371733
TI  - Structured learning guides in gerontology: Part III.

PMID- 3371732
TI  - Meeting patients' spiritual needs.

PMID- 3371734
TI  - Putting experience to good use.

PMID- 3371735
TI  - Living with osteoporosis.

PMID- 3371737
TI  - The scoop on sugar.

PMID- 3371736
TI  - Newer antihypertensive agents.

PMID- 3371738
TI  - Presidential address. The Society of Gynecologic Oncologists--present and future.

PMID- 3371739
TI  - Cisplatin plus VP 16-213 in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (24 untreated, 11
      previously treated with alkylating agents) were treated with a combination of
      cisplatin and etoposide (VP16-213). Tumor response (i.e., complete response and
      partial response) was seen in 16 of the 35 patients (i.e., 46%), with 5 complete
      responses. The response rate in previously untreated patients was 54%, but only
      27% in previously treated patients. The median survival was 42 weeks. The
      toxicity of this regimen was severe. Twelve patients became severely
      myelosuppressed, including one septic death while severely neutropenic. Treatment
      with cisplatin and etoposide produces only average tumor response rates and
      patient survival, but is associated with severe toxicity. There is no evidence of
      synergy between cisplatin and VP16 in this study.

PMID- 3371740
TI  - Recurrent and persistent squamous cell cervical carcinoma in women under age 35.
AB  - Forty-five patients with invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma were
      registered in the Tom Baker Cancer Centre from 1980 to 1985. The natural history
      of 22 patients (48.9%) who developed persistent or recurrent disease including 11
      Stage IB, 8 Stage IIB, and 3 Stage IIIB is reported. Only one patient who had the
      uncommon papillary variant is alive without evidence of residual disease. The
      remainder are either dead (16) or alive with residual disease (5). Four patients
      never achieved a disease-free status and in the remainder recurrences developed
      on average in 8.7 months. Central or regional disease was not controlled in 20 of
      22 patients. Neither radical surgery nor radiotherapy was evidently more
      effective in preventing persistent or recurrent disease. A reliable predictive
      marker for persistent or recurrent disease is required: lymph-vascular invasion
      in the radical hysterectomy specimens was present in 5 of 6 cases but it is
      subject to interpretive error. Since the disease is frequently systemic at the
      time of diagnosis, early adjuvant therapy and improved staging techniques are
      required to improve the survival.

PMID- 3371741
TI  - Uterine body invasion of carcinoma of the uterine cervix as seen from surgical
      specimens.
AB  - To estimate the actual states of uterine body invasion of carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix, 301 radically hysterectomized specimens were reviewed
      histologically. Incidence of uterine body invasion was 21.6% in all cases (65
      cases out of 301), 7.8% in stage Ib, 25.5% in stage IIa, and 38.2% in stage IIb.
      Most of the positive invasion cases had spread to other surrounding tissues.
      Vaginal wall was invaded in 58.5% of all positive cases, parametrial infiltration
      was recognized in 87.7%, and pelvic lymph node metastasis was seen in 52.3%. On
      the contrary, in negative cases these were 33.9, 19.1, and 15.7%, respectively.
      There was a higher incidence of the L type of Imai's CPL classification among
      positive cases of uterine body invasion than among negative cases (81.5% vs
      38.1%). When cervical cancer spread into the uterine body, peritoneal
      carcinomatosis and distant metastasis increased. Thus the outcome of patients
      with positive invasion was, naturally, poor. Patients with negative invasion had
      a 5-year survival rate of 92.4%, compared to 53.8% in patients with positive
      uterine body invasion. These results suggest that uterine body invasion of
      carcinoma of the uterine cervix is an important prognostic factor and treatment
      should be modified in such cases.

PMID- 3371742
TI  - Primary adenocarcinoma localized to the fallopian tubes: report on 33 cases.
AB  - Thirty-three cases of primary adenocarcinoma localized to the fallopian tubes
      were analyzed according to prognostic factors such as depth of infiltration,
      tumor differentiation, and lymph vessel invasion. Fifteen patients (45, 5%) died
      of recurrence within 5 years. Only for positive vessel invasion was the survival
      significance worse. Combination chemotherapy seems promising compared to
      radiotherapy in these early stages.

PMID- 3371744
TI  - Patterns of molar pregnancy in adolescents.
AB  - The patterns, symptomatology, and treatment of molar pregnancy in adolescents are
      similar to that of adults, and the prognosis is the same.

PMID- 3371743
TI  - Dietary vitamin A and the risk of intraepithelial and invasive cervical
      neoplasia.
AB  - The risk of invasive and intraepithelial cervical neoplasia in relation to the
      frequency of intake of the major sources of preformed vitamin A (retinol) and
      beta-carotene in the Italian diet was analyzed in a study of 392 cases of
      invasive cancer compared with 392 age-matched controls hospitalized for acute
      conditions unrelated to any of the established or suspected risk factors for
      cervical cancer, and of 247 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared
      with 247 controls found to have normal smears at the same screening clinics where
      cases had been identified. Women with invasive cancer consumed milk, green
      vegetables, and carrots less frequently, but no significant relation was noted
      for meat or liver. Consequently, estimated beta-carotene, but not retinol, intake
      was inversely and strongly related to the risk of invasive cervical cancer.
      Compared with women whose intake was over 150,000 international units (IU) per
      month, the relative risks were 3.0 for 100 to 149,999 and 4.7 for less than
      100,000 IU. It was not possible to show that these relationships were incidental,
      since allowance for several identified potential distorting factors, including
      indicators of social status and the major risk factors for cervical cancer, did
      not materially modify the risk estimates. In contrast, no association emerged
      between any of the food items and vitamin A estimates considered and
      intraepithelial neoplasia. Thus, the results of this study can be interpreted in
      one of two ways: either some residual uncontrolled bias was responsible for the
      strong dietary correlates of invasive cervical cancer risk or beta-carotene (or
      any other correlate of a vegetable-rich diet) has effect on one of the later
      stages of the process of carcinogenesis, thus influencing the risk of invasive
      carcinoma but not of its precursors.

PMID- 3371745
TI  - Determinants of survival of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma following
      whole abdomen irradiation (WAR).
AB  - In an attempt to identify those parameters which represent predictors of clinical
      outcome, a retrospective review of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma who
      were primarily treated with whole abdominal irradiation (WAR) following staging
      laparotomy was performed. Complete records with extensive long-term follow-up
      were available on 102 patients treated from 1962 through 1974. Histopathologic
      review excluded 18 patients with lesions of low malignant potential. Of the
      remaining 84 cases there were 12 Stage I (14%), 23 Stage II (27%), 45 Stage III
      (54%), and 4 Stage IV (5%). Measure of completeness of surgical resection was
      expressed as the largest diameter of residual gross tumor. Following primary
      surgical debulking Stages II and III patients, 24 patients had no gross residual
      disease, 24 patients had less than 2 cm of residual disease, and 20 patients had
      greater than 2 cm of residual disease. For Stages II and III patients together, 5
      and 10-year actuarial survivals were: No gross residual, 69% and 59%; less than
      2 cm, 48% and 42%; and greater than 2 cm, 15% and 10%. The technique of
      administration of WAR did not appear to influence survival. The results of this
      review support the concept that in selecting WAR for primary treatment of ovarian
      carcinoma, completeness of cytoreductive surgery should be considered. These data
      justify a prospective randomized study in patients with minimal residual disease
      following staging laparotomy comparing WAR with current first-line combination
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3371746
TI  - Predictive value of computerized tomography in the presurgical evaluation of
      primary carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - To determine the predictive value of abdominal-pelvic CT scan in assessing pelvic
      and paraaortic node metastases in untreated cervical carcinoma, the preoperative
      CT scans of 61 patients were compared with the gross and microscopic surgical
      findings. Although 75% of enlarged pelvic nodes on CT contained metastases, and
      97% of patients with negative pelvic nodes had negative CT scans (specificity =
      97%), histologically positive pelvic nodes were often missed on CT scan
      (sensitivity = 25%). For paraaortic nodes the CT scan had a specificity of 100%
      and a sensitivity of 67%. No paraaortic nodes were enlarged in stages I-IIA
      (0/51). CT scans are recommended for routine evaluation of paraaortic nodes in
      stages II-IV, but are not warranted in pretreatment evaluation of the pelvic
      nodes in stage I.

PMID- 3371747
TI  - Parovarian cystadenocarcinoma of low-malignant potential.
AB  - In the world's literature, only 16 patients with parovarian malignancies have
      been described, five of which have been of low-malignant potential. All but one
      of these low-malignant potential lesions have been serous tumors. This is the
      second low-malignant potential parovarian tumor to be described with mucinous and
      serous components as well as hobnail cells. These tumors occur almost exclusively
      in young women, yet they are so rare that no treatment plan has been developed.
      We propose that until more data becomes available, these low-malignant potential
      lesions be treated as are their ovarian counterparts with staging laparotomy and
      surgery which conserves reproductive functioning being appropriate for women who
      meet the rigid clinical and histologic criteria for a very early potentially
      nonaggressive tumor, and complete extirpative surgery for those who do not.

PMID- 3371748
TI  - A comparison between peritoneal sheathing of the ureters (Ohkawa technique) and
      retroperitoneal pelvic suction drainage in the prevention of ureteral damage
      during radical abdominal hysterectomy.
AB  - Sixty patients had a radical abdominal hysterectomy with or without a bilateral
      salpingo-oophorectomy. The Ohkawa procedure was utilized in 26 (43.3%) of the
      patients and retroperitoneal ureteral placement with suction drainage in 34
      (56.7%) of the patients. These two operative procedures were evaluated for
      complications such as fistula, obstruction, and hydronephrosis by comparing
      preoperative and postoperative intravenous pyelograms. Five of the 60 patients
      (8.3%) had surgical complications within one postoperative month. A ureteral
      obstruction occurred in two patients, and a uretrovaginal fistula occurred in two
      patients. Hydronephrosis was found in both sets of patients. All of these
      complications occurred in an additional two patients, both of whom had an Ohkawa
      procedure. The study led us to conclude that retroperitoneal ureteral placement
      is not only quicker to perform but also leads to fewer complications than the
      Ohkawa technique.

PMID- 3371749
TI  - In vitro response of cervical cancer cell lines CaSki, HeLa, and ME-180 to the
      antiestrogen tamoxifen.
AB  - The effect of tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogenic drug, on the in vitro
      growth of three cell lines derived from carcinoma of the uterine cervix (HeLa,
      CaSki, ME-180) was studied using the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 as a tamoxifen
      sensitive control. Logarithmically growing cells were fed daily with medium
      containing 5% dextran-charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (D5) and 0, 1, 2.5, 5,
      7.5, or 10 microM tamoxifen. The cell number in replicate cultures was assessed
      every other day by cell counts. Growth inhibition was expressed as the percentage
      of the cell number in control cultures fed with D5. At a concentration of 5
      microM tamoxifen, a clear decrease in cell proliferation, resulting in 66-74%
      inhibition of growth, was observed with MCF-7, HeLa, and ME-180 after 6 days of
      exposure to tamoxifen. Doses greater than 5 microM resulted in cytotoxicity and
      progressive cell loss. With the CaSki cell line, 2.5 microM tamoxifen induced
      more than 60% growth inhibition and 5 microM tamoxifen was cytotoxic. Tamoxifen
      induced growth inhibition was reversed by removing tamoxifen from the cell
      cultures, and the cells resumed logarithmic growth after a lag period of 24-48
      hr. MCF-7, but not the cervical carcinoma, lines required estradiol for complete
      and rapid recovery of logarithmic growth. Our results indicate that tamoxifen
      inhibits cell growth of these cervical carcinoma cell lines by a mechanism
      different from that in MCF-7.

PMID- 3371750
TI  - Malignant pericardial effusion in ovarian carcinoma cured by systemic
      chemotherapy.
AB  - A case of malignant pericardial effusion in a 67-year-old patient with serous
      ovarian cystadenocarcinoma is presented. Pericardial effusion was treated
      successfully with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. The primary tumor
      had previously been assumed to be sensitive to this combination by using an in
      vivo predictive test, the subrenal capsule assay.

PMID- 3371751
TI  - Primary aneuploid lymphoma of the uterine cervix: a case report.
AB  - A primary, diffuse, centroblastic lymphoma of the uterine cervix is described.
      The patient is a 77-year-old V-parous woman, who presented with postmenopausal
      bleeding, but no systemic symptoms. Gynecologic examination revealed a 4 x 8-cm
      tumor extending from the uterine cervix to the anterior vaginal wall and
      elevating the bladder neck, but with no sign of mucosal infiltration. According
      to the FIGO classification, the tumor was classified as stage IIIA.
      Flowcytometric analysis showed a grossly aneuploid tumor, with a DNA content of
      3.5c. The S-phase rate was 30.6%. The patient was treated with external pelvic
      irradiation to 46 Gy. Six weeks later the therapy was completed with seven
      courses of a cyclophosphamide-vincristine-prednisolone (COP) regimen. Complete
      tumor response was achieved and 3 years later there is no sign of relapse.
      Despite unfavorable prognostic parameters: large tumor volume, diffuse growth
      pattern, aneuploidy, and a high S-phase rate, a combination of radiotherapy and
      chemotherapy was found to be a successful treatment of this rare form of advanced
      primary lymphoma of the uterine cervix.

PMID- 3371752
TI  - [Coagulation physiology studies on the detection of vitamin K deficiency in
      newborn infants with reference to preventive oral administration of vitamin K].

PMID- 3371753
TI  - [Evaluation of the therapeutic value of drugs--a task of clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 3371754
TI  - [Drug therapy of fluor].

PMID- 3371755
TI  - [Drug treatment of acute adnexitis].

PMID- 3371757
TI  - [Antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery].

PMID- 3371756
TI  - [Drug treatment of sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3371758
TI  - [Drug treatment of urinary tract infections].

PMID- 3371759
TI  - [Drug therapy of endometriosis].

PMID- 3371760
TI  - Use of highly evacuated Redon drains after gynecologic laparotomies.
AB  - Highly evacuated (980 mbar) wound drainage systems according to Redon were used
      in 100 gynecologic laparotomies. In 96% of cases, no flask exchange was required
      before the system was removed. Bacteriological specimens from various locations
      of the Redon system showed minimal colonization with pathogenic bacteria. No
      correlation was found between secondary wound healing and bacterial findings in
      the system.

PMID- 3371761
TI  - Correlation between steroid hormone receptors, histological and clinical
      parameters in ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in ovarian tumors of 62 patients
      (51 carcinomas, 11 benign tumors) were estimated by the dextran-coated charcoal
      method using Scatchard plot analyses. 63% of carcinomas were ER-positive (greater
      than 10 fmol/mg cytosol), 38% were PR-positive (greater than 25 fmol/mg cytosol),
      whereas in benign tumors only 45% were ER-positive and 36% were PR-positive. We
      found no statistically significant correlation between receptor content and stage
      of disease, menopausal status or age of the patient. The highest concentration of
      ER and PR was observed in patients between 61 and 70 years of age. Life table
      analysis for patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas showed no significant
      difference in survival time in the group with higher ER and PR content. This
      study also reports the results obtained in a group of patients with receptor
      positive ovarian carcinomas treated with a combination of chemotherapy and
      antiestrogen therapy. In comparison to treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy
      alone, no significant difference in the time of survival or duration of remission
      could be found.

PMID- 3371762
TI  - Severe EPH gestosis accompanied by HELLP syndrome and acute renal failure.
AB  - A case of severe EPH gestosis accompanied by HELLP syndrome and acute renal
      failure which required vigorous treatment in order to prevent maternal death.

PMID- 3371763
TI  - Iatrogenic mechanical ileus due to over-distended uterus.
AB  - The combination of an over-distended uterus caused by a multiple-fetus pregnancy
      with therapeutic bed-rest may cause mechanical ileus. Iatrogenic triggering of a
      pathological consequence of events is presented in purpose to highlight the
      simplicity of its prevention.

PMID- 3371764
TI  - Characteristics of action potentials and contractions evoked by electrical-field
      stimulation of pregnant human myometrium.
AB  - Evoked electrical and mechanical activities of pregnant human myometrium were
      recorded by the single sucrose-gap method. Each muscle strip has an individual
      rhythm of membrane excitability and the evoked activity was affected by
      spontaneous membrane fluctuation. However, high-frequency stimulation caused
      changes in the rhythm of fluctuation and the pattern of action potential
      converted from plateau to spike type. Twitch contractions evoked by spike
      potentials were summated and became fused tetanus in accordance with shortening
      of the pulse interval. This method is suitable for clarifying the excitation
      contraction relationship in human myometrium.

PMID- 3371765
TI  - Fetal heart rate beat-to-beat variability in uncomplicated labor.
AB  - 18 healthy parturients were monitored during normal labor in order to determine
      the influence of uterine contractions and fetal body movements on fetal heart
      rate beat-to-beat variability (BTBV). The BTBV was 5.37 +/- 1.28 during the
      baseline period and a significant increase to 6.46 +/- 1.64 was found during
      uterine contractions (p less than 0.001). The BTBV during fetal movements, 6.21
      +/- 2.29, did not differ significantly from the value of the baseline period.

PMID- 3371766
TI  - Maternal whole blood viscosity in pregnancy hypertension.
AB  - Hemoconcentration is prominent in preeclampsia. Concomitant changes in the flow
      properties of maternal blood, i.e. in whole blood viscosity (WBV), might be
      related to the occurrence of fetal or maternal complications. To test this
      hypothesis, WBV was estimated in 228 pregnancies. Patients were assigned to one
      of four groups according to maximum diastolic blood pressure. Significantly
      higher WBV values were found in the more hypertensive groups throughout
      pregnancy. WBV data, obtained between 26 and 36 weeks of amenorrhea, contributed
      significantly, independently of hypertension, to the prediction of fetal outcome.
      With regard to maternal complications, no significant contribution of WBV data
      could be established independently of blood pressure. The results support the
      hypothesis that WBV is a determining factor in the efficacy of placental
      perfusion.

PMID- 3371767
TI  - Abortion risk in chorionic villus sampling. Evaluation in elective termination of
      pregnancy.
AB  - 100 patients were examined to evaluate the risk of abortion of chorionic villus
      sampling. In the 8th-10th week of pregnancy a catheter with a mandrin was
      introduced into the chorion frondosum under ultrasound guidance. The mandrin was
      then removed and trophoblast tissue obtained by aspiration. The patients agreed
      to postpone elective termination of pregnancy for 2 weeks. Another ultrasound was
      performed before suction curettage. With increasing experience, the abortion rate
      dropped to 4%, whereas the rate of successful biopsies and analyses rose to more
      than 90%. Based on these results, chorionic villi sampling was made available at
      the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, as an
      alternative method to amniocentesis. Out of 38 biopsies, 25 karyotypes were
      normal, two biopsies revealed pathological results (trisomy 21, 22), 11 samples
      showed no results (insufficient tissue or no mitoses). One patient had a
      spontaneous abortion (trisomy 22) and one an abortion due to infection. Chorionic
      villus sampling could replace amniocentesis because chromosomal anomalies may be
      detected already in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3371768
TI  - Alterations in vitamin D metabolites and minerals in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Vitamin D metabolites and minerals involved in bone metabolism were studied in 68
      control mothers, 14 gestational diabetics and 68 insulin-dependent diabetics
      during pregnancy and at delivery. 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were
      significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in insulin-dependent diabetics than in
      the control or gestational diabetic groups. A similar difference was also
      observed between infants. 24,25(OH)2D, phosphorus and magnesium values were
      similar in all groups. Corrected calcium values were significantly lower in both
      mothers (p less than 0.001) and infants (p less than 0.05) in the insulin
      dependent group than in the other two groups. Postpartum, 10% of infants of
      diabetic mothers received calcium therapy. Our results show alterations in
      vitamin D and mineral metabolism in pregnant insulin-dependent diabetics and
      their newborn infants and indicate observation during pregnancy and after
      delivery.

PMID- 3371769
TI  - [Complex dislocation fracture of the wrist. Transscaphoid-translunar-transstyloid
      dislocation fracture].
AB  - The most common injuries of the carpus are lunate and perilunate dislocations.
      The authors describe a complex dislocation of the carpus associated with
      fractures of the scaphoid, lunate, and styloid process of the radius. The
      pathogenesis of this dislocation is believed to be extreme hyperextension and
      radial deviation of the wrist. This mechanism can cause posterior dislocation of
      the carpus with fracture of scaphoid and lunate.

PMID- 3371770
TI  - [Snapping palmar drawer phenomenon of the wrist: a physiologic or pathologic
      study finding?].
AB  - In the examination of a wrist, when this is held in neutral position and moderate
      ulnar deviation, a substantial palmar drawer translation combined with a snap can
      be elicited. The sign is most evident in about 15 degrees of ulnar deviation,
      while it is negative in the neutral position, in radial deviation or in maximal
      ulnar deviation. The translation and the snap have been consistently demonstrated
      in normal wrists and are therefore considered physiologic. The knowledge of this
      impressive phenomenon seems important for differential diagnosis when assessing
      the stability of a wrist; its clinical and cineradiographic picture are
      described.

PMID- 3371771
TI  - [Vascularized nerve transplant--theoretical advantages and disadvantages].
AB  - A survey of publications dealing with vascularized nerve grafts is given. The
      advantages and disadvantages are discussed by analyzing the published data. Until
      now the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts has not been proven by the
      published experimental and clinical results. This fact was underlined by the
      results of our own experimental investigations: In conventional nerve grafts
      performed on sheep it was shown that the functional results of reinnervation
      cannot be correlated to the degree of vascularization of the nerve graft or to
      number and morphology of the regenerated axons. Therefore, the indications for
      the clinical application of the vascularized nerve graft must be limited to the
      following conditions: Poorly vascularized recipient bed, thick nerve graft,
      unsuccessful previous conventional nerve grafting, and the necessity of vascular
      reconstruction at the same time.

PMID- 3371772
TI  - [Long-term results following reconstruction of the tendon of the extensor
      pollicis longus muscle by transposition of the tendon of the extensor indicis
      muscle].
AB  - Twenty-six patients with injury of the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
      have been studied and the long term results of the transfer of the tendon of the
      extensor indicis are reported. Using Geldmacher's evaluation scheme for
      assessment of the results of extensor tendon reconstruction we found thirteen
      excellent, ten good, and three fair results. The prognosis is dependent upon the
      kind of injury and the time after injury of the transfer of the tendon of the
      extensor indicis.

PMID- 3371773
TI  - [Finger joint arthrodeses with intraosseous wire suture and Kirschner wire. A
      comparative study of 309 operations].
AB  - In this study the results of digital arthrodeses with intraosseous wiring and
      Kirschner-wire were compared with other operative techniques. The report is based
      on 309 operations performed between 1979 and 1982. The indications were mostly
      traumatic and posttraumatic joint lesions. Here the best results were obtained
      with the technique of intraosseous wiring and Kirschner-wires. On an average, it
      took seven weeks to full radiological and clinical bony union. Also the
      functional results after digital arthrodeses with different techniques were
      studied. With a mean total active range of motion of 76.8% compared with normal,
      this technique showed good results. Compression screw arthrodeses, tension-band
      arthrodeses and digital arthrodeses with crossed Kirschner-wires were performed
      only for special indications during the period covered by the report.

PMID- 3371774
TI  - [Surgical treatment of premature infants].

PMID- 3371775
TI  - [Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for calcific aortic stenosis in the elderly].

PMID- 3371776
TI  - [Premature contractions and Chlamydia trachomatis infection].

PMID- 3371777
TI  - [Segmental absence of small bowel muscular layer].

PMID- 3371778
TI  - [Penetrating injuries of the heart].

PMID- 3371779
TI  - [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3371780
TI  - [Strategies for the prevention of coronary heart disease: a policy statement of
      the Israel Atherosclerosis Society].

PMID- 3371781
TI  - [Genetic counselling--ethical aspects].

PMID- 3371782
TI  - [The National Cancer Institute (USA) faces controversy].

PMID- 3371783
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis: linked DNA markers in prenatal diagnosis and carrier
      detection].

PMID- 3371784
TI  - [Self-referrals to the hospital emergency room: the family doctor's perspective].

PMID- 3371785
TI  - [Bactericidal activity of phagocytic cells in neonates].

PMID- 3371786
TI  - [Combination of etretinate and dithrocream for severe psoriasis].

PMID- 3371787
TI  - [Fish oil in the prevention of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3371788
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in the elderly].

PMID- 3371789
TI  - [Anti-inflammatory activity of the dry distillation tar of delipidated soybean
      (Glyteer) (2)].
AB  - The anti-inflammatory effects of Glyteer (GL) were investigated by its local
      administration using the CMC-pouch method in rats, and the effects were compared
      with those of betamethasone 17-valerate (BV, 1 mg), phenylbutazone (PB, 10 mg),
      flufenamic acid (FA, 10 mg), bufexamac (BM, 10 and 20 mg), bendazac (BZ, 10 and
      20 mg), icthammol (IT, 10 mg) and pine tar (PT, 10 mg). At three hours after CMC
      treatment, GL (10 mg) significantly inhibited not only the protein exudation, but
      also the leucocyte migration. The inhibitory activity of GL on the leucocyte
      migration had the same potency as that of FA, but was stronger than those of PB,
      BV, BM, BZ, IT and PT. Furthermore, in relation to the leucocyte migration, GL
      markedly inhibited not only the neutrophil, but also the macrophage migration. At
      three hours after CMC-treatment, the inhibitory activity of GL on the neutrophil
      migration had the same potency as those of PB and FA, but was stronger than those
      of BV, BM, BZ, IT and PT. On the other hand, GL, BM, BZ, FA, IT and PT had an
      inhibitory activity on the macrophage migration, and the activity was more potent
      in GL, FA and IT. From these results, it is suggested that the inhibition of GL
      on increased vascular permeability and leucocyte migration is one of the
      mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action.

PMID- 3371790
TI  - [Pharmacological characterizations of the in vitro anaphylactic contraction of
      the guinea-pig esophageal muscularis mucosae].
AB  - Characteristics of the antigen-induced contraction of the isolated esophageal
      muscularis mucosae of actively sensitized guinea-pigs to ovalbumin (OA) were
      examined in vitro, and they were compared with those of compound 48/80- or
      polymyxin B-induced contraction. OA, above 0.01 microgram/ml, produced a
      sustained contraction of the sensitized esophageal muscularis mucosae, the
      amplitude of which was about 80-100% of the maximum contraction induced by
      carbachol (10 microM), while compound 48/80 and polymyxin B (10-300
      micrograms/ml) produced less potent contractions of the non-sensitized esophageal
      muscularis mucosae. Contractions to OA or compound 48/80, but not to polymyxin B,
      were diminished by their repetitive applications. The contractile responses to
      OA, compound 48/80 and polymyxin B depended on the external calcium
      concentrations, and were abolished in the calcium-free medium. Pretreatment with
      tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM), atropine (0.3 microM), diphenhydramine (30 microM) or
      DSCG (300 microM) did not modify any of these contractions, whereas BW755C (100
      microM) and quercetin (10 microM) significantly inhibited them. Indomethacin (10
      microM) largely prevented only the polymyxin B-induced contraction, while
      FPL55712 (10 microM) inhibited both contractions to OA and compound 48/80. These
      findings indicate that the OA-induced anaphylactic contraction of the esophageal
      muscularis mucosae taken from the OA-sensitized guinea-pig may be an indirect
      action via the stimulation of releases of some mast cell-derived spasmogens. The
      spasmogens may involve the lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid in part, but
      not histamine, acetylcholine or the cyclooxygenase products.

PMID- 3371791
TI  - [Drug interaction between imipramine hydrochloride and benzodiazepines when
      administered orally for 15 days].
AB  - The effects of daily oral administration of imipramine (IM) hydrochloride (50
      mg/kg) and/or oxazepam (OZ, 20 mg/kg) or diazepam (DZ, 5 mg/kg) in a 1% aqueous
      solution of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) on the activities of drug
      metabolizing enzyme systems and steady state plasma levels of IM,
      desmethylimipramine (DIM), DZ, desmethyl-diazepam (DDZ) and OZ were investigated
      in rats during a 15-day period. In addition, the effect of a single intravenous
      administration of IM hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), DZ (0.5 mg/kg) and OZ (2 mg/kg) on
      plasma concentration-time profiles of IM, DIM, DZ, DDZ and OZ was investigated in
      rats given the same drug treatments by the oral route for 14 days. The group
      treated with IM hydrochloride plus OZ group showed a great increase in drug
      metabolizing enzyme activities, but the difference for the group given IM
      hydrochloride was not statistically significant. The steady-state plasma levels
      of DZ after oral administration for 15 days suggested that the group given IM
      hydrochloride plus DZ did show accumulated DZ. In terms of the area under the
      concentration-time curve of IM, DZ and OZ after intravenous administration of IM
      hydrochloride, DZ and OZ, there were significant differences between each of the
      mono-treatment groups and the IM hydrochloride plus DZ or OZ treatment groups. In
      conclusion, we have found that the drug interaction for IM hydrochloride by OZ is
      markedly lower than that by DZ.

PMID- 3371792
TI  - [Effect of cysteamine on vocalization responses by arterial algogenics in guinea
      pigs].
AB  - Effects of cysteamine (2-mercaptoethylamine) on vocalization responses, a
      parameter of nociceptive response, was studied in conscious guinea pigs. Intra
      arterial injection of bradykinin (3 micrograms), acetylcholine (300 micrograms),
      capsaicin (3 micrograms) and vanillyl n-nonoylamide (3 micrograms, VNA) induced
      severe vocalization responses. Three hours after an administration of cysteamine
      (300 mg/kg, s.c.), a significant suppressive effect was observed for bradykinin
      and acetylcholine-evoked vocalization. A weak suppressive effect appeared in
      capsaicin and VNA-evoked vocalization, but there were not statistically
      significant changes on vocalization counts when compared with the value of the
      saline-treated animals. However, consecutive pretreatment of guinea pigs with VNA
      led to a complete suppression of capsaicinoids-evoked vocalization only.
      Cysteamine completely suppressed bradykinin, acetylcholine, capsaicin and VNA
      evoked vocalization responses in VNA desensitized guinea pigs. These findings
      suggest that the mechanisms of bradykinin and acetylcholine-evoked vocalization
      response differ from that of capsaicinoids.

PMID- 3371793
TI  - [The mode for the manifestation of the inhibitory effects of ifenprodil tartrate
      on platelet aggregation in vivo and ex vivo].
AB  - The mode for the manifestation of the inhibitory effect of ifenprodil tartrate on
      platelet aggregation in vivo and ex vivo was studied in mice and men,
      respectively. The ifenprodil level in plasma reached the maximum in 20 min after
      oral administration of 30 mg ifenprodil tartrate/kg in mice, and it decreased
      over a 3 hr period after the administration. On the other hand, the maximal
      inhibitory effect was observed 60 min after the administration. Thus ifenprodil
      tartrate manifested its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation only after the
      maximum plasma concentration of ifenprodil was reached. The same phenomenon was
      observed with the inhibitory effects of ifenprodil tartrate on platelet
      aggregation ex vivo in man. To clarify the reason for the delay in the
      manifestation of the inhibitory effects of ifenprodil, the ifenprodil contents in
      mouse platelets after the oral administration of the drug was measured. The
      pattern of change in the ifenprodil contents in platelets was found to resemble
      closely the pattern of the change in its inhibitory effects, suggesting that the
      manifestation of the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation by oral
      administration of ifenprodil tartrate was directly related to the ifenprodil
      contents in platelets rather than the ifenprodil level in plasma.

PMID- 3371794
TI  - [Effects of buflomedil on ambulatory activity and discrete avoidance responses in
      mice].
AB  - Behavioral effects of buflomedil, 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-1
      butanone hydrochloride, a vasoactive drug, were investigated by means of
      ambulatory activity and the discrete lever-press and shuttle avoidance responses
      in mice. Single administration of buflomedil (1,3,10,30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.)
      produced no marked change in the ambulatory activity and the discrete lever-press
      avoidance response. However, the ambulation-increasing effect of methamphetamine
      (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was suppressed by 30 mg/kg of buflomedil. The avoidance
      suppressing effect of chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was enhanced by 3
      approximately 100 mg/kg of buflomedil, but the avoidance-suppressing effect of
      physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) was not modified by the same doses of buflomedil.
      On the other hand, the acquisition of the discrete shuttle avoidance response was
      not affected markedly by buflomedil 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) when the drug was
      administered immediately before the start of training. The present results
      suggest that buflomedil shows a central suppressing effect, probably through
      catecholaminergic neuronal systems, and that the effect is detectable only by the
      combined administration with typical psychoactive drugs.

PMID- 3371795
TI  - [Effect of dietary fats on serum and aortic lipid levels of mice fed a high
      cholesterol diet: a distinct correlation between linoleic acid intake and the
      lipid changes].
AB  - The effects of dietary linoleic acid on serum lipids, lipid peroxides and aortic
      cholesterol were studied in mice fed a purified diet enriched with 5% cholesterol
      for a period of 14 weeks. The diet was supplemented with 10% coconut oil (Group
      I), lard (Group II), corn oil (Group III) or linoleic acid (Group IV) to give
      various levels of linoleic acid. After 4 to 12 weeks, the increment of serum
      total cholesterol was retained in the following order: group IV greater than III
      greater than II greater than I, which was the same order as the linoleic acid
      content in the diet. At week 14, the levels of serum free and esterified
      cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were highest in
      group IV and lowest in group I. The serum lipid peroxide level was higher in the
      order of group IV greater than III greater than II greater than I. The ester
      ratio of cholesterol, the atherogenic index and LCAT activity were not
      significantly different among the four groups. Gallstone formation was markedly
      observed with higher dietary linoleic acid intake. Aortic cholesterol levels also
      increased in the same order as the dietary linoleic acid level: group IV greater
      than III greater than II greater than I. There were significant positive
      correlations between the aortic cholesterol level and all the serum lipid levels,
      and also the lipid peroxide level. All these findings indicate that under
      hypercholesterolemic conditions, excess dietary linoleic acid can increase serum
      lipids and lipid peroxide levels, resulting in lipid deposition in the
      aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371796
TI  - [Anti-ulcer mechanism of mezolidon on water-immersion stress induced gastric
      ulcers in rats].
AB  - To elucidate the anti-ulcer mechanism of mezolidon (KM-1146, 2-(3,4
      dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylthiazolidine-4-one), we investigated gastric mucosal
      blood flow (laser-Doppler method), transmucosal potential difference,
      gastroduodenal mucosal surface pH and blood viscosity in rats under a water
      immersion stress condition. In the control group, gastric mucosal ulcers occurred
      three hours after the onset of water-immersion. At that time, gastric mucosal
      blood flow decreased to 40% and the potential difference decreased to 48%. In the
      mezolidon-pretreated group, gastric mucosal ulcers were significantly reduced,
      and the potential difference was significantly higher than in the control group.
      Gastric mucosal blood flow increased significantly to 120% twenty minutes after
      the onset of water-immersion and then decreased, but was significantly higher
      than in the control group. Gastroduodenal mucosal surface pH was not affected by
      the pretreatment with mezolidon under this condition. Pretreatment with mezolidon
      did not affect blood viscosity. In conclusion, the anti-ulcer effect of mezolidon
      may involve the increase and/or maintenance of gastric mucosal blood flow, but
      more investigations are necessary to understand the mechanism involved.

PMID- 3371797
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of "reiousan" which contains bezoar and ginseng].
AB  - Pharmacological properties of "Reiousan", a crude drug preparation consisting of
      bezoar and ginseng, were studied. The hypotensive effect on spontaneously
      hypertensive rat, inhibition of platelet aggregation, acetic acid-induced
      writhing, stress ulcer, CCl4 and d-galactosamine-induced hepatic injury, and
      facilitation of recovery from neuroparalysis and muscular fatigue, protective
      effect on anoxic brain damages, antipyretic effect, and facilitation of learning
      in aged mice were observed after administration of "Reiousan". It was suggested
      that bezoar and ginseng act synergistically in causing the hypotensive effect,
      acetic acid-induced writhing and drug-induced hepatic injury, and protection from
      anoxic brain damages and muscular fatigue.

PMID- 3371798
TI  - [The effects of TMB-8, an intracellular Ca2+ antagonist, on impaired left
      ventricular relaxation by global ischemia in dog].
AB  - The effects of TMB-8, an inhibitor of Ca2+ release from the intracellular store
      site, on impaired left ventricular relaxation caused by global ischemia were
      examined in 45 anesthetized dogs. In the non-ischemic group, the intracoronary
      infusion of 100 micrograms/min TMB-8 suppressed the decrease in T, an index of
      left ventricular relaxation, by increasing the atrial pacing rate. In the
      ischemic group, the intracoronary infusion of 30 and 100 micrograms/min TMB-8
      suppressed the increases of T and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure caused
      by ischemia and increase of pacing rate. The results indicate that TMB-8
      suppresses the ability of relaxation in non-ischemic myocardium and prevents the
      impairment of left ventricular relaxation induced by left ventricular global
      ischemia.

PMID- 3371799
TI  - [Cardiohemodynamic and respiratory effects of eptazocine, a new analgesic agent,
      in anesthetized dogs].
AB  - Cardiohemodynamic and respiratory effects of eptazocine, a new analgesic agent,
      were studied and compared with those of pentazocine and butorphanol in
      anesthetized dogs. Eptazocine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the heart rate (HR), left
      ventricular dP/dt (LVdP/dt) and cardiac output (CO), and scarcely affected the
      blood pressure (BP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), right
      atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure. On the other hand, eptazocine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased BP, LVdP/dt, CO
      and LVEDP and did not influence the pulmonary circulation. Pentazocine (1 mg/kg
      and 3 mg/kg, i.v.) increased BP, LVdP/dt and CO, while HR was not altered.
      Pentazocine also increased PAP. Butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, i.v.)
      decreased BP, HR and LVdP/dt, while other hemodynamic parameters were not
      changed. In spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs, eptazocine (1 mg/kg and 3
      mg/kg, i.v.) caused a decrease of respiratory minute volume. The fall in PO2 and
      pH, and a rise in PCO2 were simultaneously observed in blood gas analysis. These
      respiratory depressant effects of eptazocine were short-lasting, and they were
      less potent than those of pentazocine. Butorphanol scarcely affected the
      respiration. These results suggest that eptazocine has different
      cardiohemodynamic effects than other analgesics and produces mild respiratory
      depression.

PMID- 3371800
TI  - [Effects of neurotropin and other drugs on EEG alterations in SART-stressed
      (repeated cold-stressed) rats].
AB  - SART-stressed (repeated cold-stressed) rats, experimental model animals for
      vagotonic-type dysautonomia, have been reported to show EEG with lower-amplitude
      fast waves during resting-arousal and higher-amplitude slow waves during slow
      wave sleep compared to normal rats. In this report, the effects of certain drugs
      on EEG alterations were investigated using the power spectral analysis. EEG was
      measured 60 min after a single dose of drugs and on the day following the final
      dose of 6 administrations. Neurotropin, a sedative analgesic, slightly increased
      faster waves on resting-arousal EEG and slower waves on slow-wave sleep EEG in
      normal rats, and it prevented SART stress-induced EEG alterations during both
      resting-arousal and slow-wave sleep. Alprazolam, a minor tranquilizer, and GABOB,
      a GABA related compound, were also effective on SART stress-induced EEG
      alterations. Alprazolam produced remarkable but transient high-amplitude fast
      waves in the resting-arousal EEG of normal rats, and GABOB produced lasting low
      amplitude fast waves in the slow-wave sleep EEG of normal rats. From the above
      results, it appears that Neurotropin may have an effect on EEG alterations caused
      by SART stress and that its action is likely due to mechanisms different from
      those of alprazolam and GABOB.

PMID- 3371801
TI  - Effect of detergents on aspartate ammonia-lyase activity in Escherichia
      alcalescens.
AB  - The effect of twelve detergents on aspartate ammonia-lyase activity of
      Escherichia alcalescens used for the production of L-aspartic acid was tested.
      Best permeabilization was found with Triton X-100, Slovafol 910 and Corona, a
      mixed commercial preparation. In contrast to Triton X-100 and Slovafol 910, a
      much narrower range of suitable concentrations was observed with Corona.

PMID- 3371802
TI  - Utilization of cystine by dermatophytes on a gelatin medium.
AB  - All 16 strains of dermatophytes investigated utilized cystine (added to the
      gelatin medium) as a source of sulfur and also of carbon and nitrogen. Excess
      sulfur oxidized and excreted to the medium, primarily as inorganic sulfate. Six
      strains used up all cystine and excreted more than 90% stoichiometric amount of
      sulfur. Cystine utilization proceeded in parallel with the development of the
      culture and was terminated during the stationary phase or as late as in the
      autolytic phase. Other strains did not use up cystine completely and excreted 17
      70% sulfur in the oxidized form. In addition to sulfate, sulfite was always
      produced during the initial growth phases and in poorly growing strains. Free
      sulfite was only rarely detected; it usually reacted with the residual cystine
      yielding S-sulfocysteine that was also used up later. Specific features of
      cystine metabolism (known from Microsporum gypseum) are generally valid in
      dermatophytes.

PMID- 3371804
TI  - The ABH reactions of seminal stains.
AB  - The ABO grouping results from approx. 1000 seminal stains have been collected and
      analysed. Most of the stains came from rape cases where the ABO and secretor
      status of both complainant and suspect were known. The results of the survey
      provided information concerning the usefulness of elution and inhibition as
      methods of body fluid grouping, the relative strengths of reaction of the A, B
      and H antigens in body fluids and the interpretation of the ABH reactions of body
      fluid stains.

PMID- 3371803
TI  - Changes of respiration and of specific growth rate during cell cycle of yeast
      cells of different genealogical age.
AB  - When investigating changes of respiratory activity during the cell cycle of
      mother and daughter Candida cells significant oscillations of specific rate of
      oxygen consumption were detected; specific growth rate also varied. The
      oscillations were less pronounced when the inoculum was obtained from the
      chemostat at the high dilution rates of 0.25 and 0.35/h.

PMID- 3371805
TI  - Study of fatal burns cases in Kanpur (India).
AB  - Epidemiological and medicolegal, including forensic pathological, aspects of 180
      cases of fatal burns were studied in Kanpur (India) during the period of one year
      (October 1985 to September 1986). These constituted 10.79% of the total
      medicolegal deaths autopsied. Majority of the victims were young Hindu housewives
      burnt within 5 years of their marriage. The most common source of fire was
      cooking apparatus like chulha, coalfire, stove or cooking gas. In a substantial
      number of cases, kerosene oil was poured over the victims and fired with a match
      stick. About half of the burn cases were accidental, in which cooking on open
      unguarded flames and loose highly inflammable synthetic sarees of the victims can
      be blamed. Among the others who died in suspicious circumstances, i.e., burnt
      alive or forced to commit suicide by fire, dowry and family quarrels and marital
      disharmony were the two important predisposing factors. Illiteracy, arranged and
      child marriages, joint family structure, oedipal dominance of mother-in-laws,
      unemployment and economic dependence of the husband on the parents, near complete
      dependence of women on their husbands and inlaws, and lack of social security
      amongst Hindu females were other contributory factors affecting the incidence in
      some way. Male burn deaths were few and usually accidental.

PMID- 3371806
TI  - Electronic data processing latex immunoassay for the identification of human
      seminal stains.
AB  - Electronic data processing (EDP) latex immunoassay using anti-human seminal acid
      phosphatase (anti-HSAP) immune serum was applied for the species and organ
      identification of human seminal stains. This test proved to be highly sensitive
      and specific.

PMID- 3371807
TI  - Long-term storage of blood samples as whole blood at extremely low temperatures
      for methemoglobin determination.
AB  - Changes in methemoglobin (Met-Hb) concentrations during storage of whole blood
      and a hemolysate at refrigerated or various freezing temperatures were examined
      using experimentally prepared blood samples. When whole blood was stored at 3
      degrees C, rapid reduction of Met-Hb was observed in the nitrite-treated blood
      whereas neither reduction nor formation of Met-Hb was observed in the untreated
      and heated blood within 7 days. When hemolysate was stored at 3 degrees C, Met-Hb
      concentrations were stable within a few days regardless of the initial values.
      However, slight autoxidation was observed 7 days after storage in the untreated
      and heated blood. When whole blood was stored at various freezing temperatures,
      Met-Hb concentrations were practically stable until at least 30 days at -80
      degrees C or -196 degrees C regardless of the initial values, although
      considerable autoxidation was observed at -30 degrees C especially in the blood
      containing small amounts of Met-Hb. Based on the results obtained, a new method
      was devised for long-term storage of whole blood at extremely low temperatures
      for Met-Hb determinations.

PMID- 3371808
TI  - [85th meeting of the German Ophthalmologic Society. 20-23 September 1987,
      Heidelberg. Proceedings].

PMID- 3371809
TI  - [Behavior of intraocular pressure following argon laser trabeculoplasty].

PMID- 3371810
TI  - [Significance of argon laser trabeculoplasty in patients with combined cataract
      and glaucoma].

PMID- 3371811
TI  - [Therapy of open-angle glaucoma with the argon and neodymium laser].

PMID- 3371812
TI  - [Morphological principles of the aqueous humor secretory system and its changes
      induced by antiglaucoma drugs].

PMID- 3371813
TI  - [Pathophysiology of hydrodynamics in glaucoma].

PMID- 3371814
TI  - [Configuration, width and area of the neuroretinal rim of normal optic disks].

PMID- 3371815
TI  - [Is there a difference in optic disk size between normal and glaucoma eyes?].

PMID- 3371816
TI  - [Pathologic findings of the ciliary ganglion in various forms of glaucoma].

PMID- 3371817
TI  - [Personal experiences with Fronimopoulos goniotrepanation in congenital
      glaucoma].

PMID- 3371818
TI  - [Congenital glaucoma in Kenya at the Kenyatta National Hospital 1984-1986].

PMID- 3371819
TI  - [The effect of timolol/pilocarpine combinations with a fixed ratio compared with
      0.5% timolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 3371821
TI  - [Systemic acyclovir therapy of secondary herpetic glaucomas].

PMID- 3371820
TI  - [Morphologic studies of the anterior eye segment of the rat following long-term
      treatment with timolol].

PMID- 3371822
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of secondary glaucomas].

PMID- 3371823
TI  - [Secondary glaucoma in parasitoses].

PMID- 3371824
TI  - [Therapy-resistant increase in ocular pressure--a rare differential diagnosis:
      ring melanoma].

PMID- 3371825
TI  - [Blood pressure under stress in hypertensive patients and sports].

PMID- 3371826
TI  - [Conservative treatment of spinal injuries].

PMID- 3371827
TI  - [Regulation of lipolysis of fatty tissue by peptide hormones].

PMID- 3371828
TI  - [Personal experiences with naturopathy. Natural urologic agents. Antibacterial
      therapy of the excretory urinary tract--II].

PMID- 3371829
TI  - [Medical progress requires a renaissance of anatomy. New procedures in diagnosis
      and therapy demand new "basic knowledge"--practical anatomy in the clinic-
      exemplified by orthopedics].

PMID- 3371830
TI  - [The corset is too tight. Supply of physicians and the number of patients-
      competition in the health consumer market--limited performance].

PMID- 3371831
TI  - [Epidemiologic evaluation of early detection measures in cancer].

PMID- 3371832
TI  - [Medical measures in status asthmaticus. Progressive airway obstruction can be
      therapeutically controlled today--bronchodilators].

PMID- 3371833
TI  - [AIDS is not a male disease. A more rapid illness in females? Partnership
      problems].

PMID- 3371834
TI  - [Early detection of breast cancer: a controversy over methods. Questionable value
      thermography--new image processing technics for mammography].

PMID- 3371835
TI  - Orthostatic dysregulation, an important threat and a main concern among Japanese
      low-teenagers.

PMID- 3371836
TI  - [Structural analysis of human major histocompatibility complex class II genes].

PMID- 3371837
TI  - Effects of oral prazosin on total plasma digoxin levels.
AB  - Prazosin and digoxin are frequently coadministered in clinical practice. To
      determine the effects of oral prazosin treatment on steady-state digoxin levels,
      20 patients receiving a constant maintenance dose of digoxin, who had normal
      renal and liver functions and were not receiving any other treatment, were given
      5 mg of prazosin for 3 days. Plasma digoxin levels were measured before, on days
      1 and 3 of prazosin treatment, and after prazosin had been discontinued. It was
      found that prazosin significantly increased plasma digoxin levels. On
      discontinuation of prazosin digoxin levels returned to their previous values.

PMID- 3371838
TI  - Inhibition of the colonic motor response to eating by pinaverium bromide in
      irritable bowel syndrome patients.
AB  - The effect of pinaverium bromide on the colonic motor response to eating was
      investigated in 10 irritable bowel syndrome patients, by means of an intraluminal
      probe supporting 8 groups of electrodes. At each site examined from transverse to
      sigmoid colon, the electromyograms exhibited 2 kinds of spike bursts: short spike
      bursts (SSB) localized at one electrode, and long spike bursts (LSB), isolated,
      propagated orally or aborally over a few centimeters, or aborally propagated over
      the whole length of the colon investigated (migrating long spike bursts, MLSB).
      Recordings were continuously performed over 24 hr. Each patient received at 7.00
      p.m. on day 1 and at noon on day 2 an 800-1000 Kcal meal preceded by IV
      administration of pinaverium bromide (4 mg) or placebo. After placebo
      administration, the duration of LSB activity and the number of MLSB were
      significantly increased over 3 postprandial hr by comparison with the 2 hr
      preceding the meal. After pinaverium injection no significant postprandial change
      in LSB and MLSB activity was noted. The SSB activity was not modified after the
      meals preceded by placebo or pinaverium injection. These results suggest that the
      inhibitory action of pinaverium bromide on postprandial colonic motility may
      support the clinical efficacy of this agent in the treatment of the irritable
      bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3371839
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interaction between nifedipine and propranolol.
AB  - In 8 healthy volunteers, single-dose nifedipine pharmacokinetics were compared
      with and without the coadministration of propranolol. An elevation of the mean
      Cmax was found, from 73.9 +/- 14.1 when nifedipine was taken alone, to 115.7 +/-
      12.1 (SE) ng/ml (P less than 0.02) when the agent was combined with propranolol.
      The AUC0----infinity increased as well, from 287.1 +/- 33.5 to 363.0 +/- 54.3
      (SE) (micrograms.hr)/l (P less than 0.01), indicating an increase in
      bioavailability. Propranolol treatment did not significantly affect the
      nifedipine half-life (alpha or beta phase) or the estimated volume of
      distribution, whereas systemic clearance tended to decrease in 6 of the subjects.
      The most likely explanation for increased bioavailability of nifedipine when
      coadministered with propranolol is by a reduction of the hepatic "first-pass"
      clearance, as a result of changes in hepatic blood flow.

PMID- 3371840
TI  - Valvuloplasty with trefoil and bifoil balloons and the long sheath technique.
AB  - The experimental and early clinical experience with percutaneous valvuloplasty
      using trefoil and bifoil balloon catheters (Schneider Shiley) and a long
      introducer sheath with a new back-up wire are reported. The trefoil balloon
      consists of three and the bifoil balloon of two angioplasty balloons mounted in
      parallel on a single catheter. Inflated, they form a rosette allowing for some
      blood flow through the spaces between the individual balloons. These small
      balloons are more pressure tolerant than one large balloon. The hemodynamic
      advantage of these balloons compared to single balloons could be demonstrated in
      animal experiments (healthy valves and surgically created stenoses). In 31
      consecutive patients with trefoil-bifoil balloon valvuloplasty, there was no
      inhospital mortality. The results of trefoil valvuloplasty in twelve patients
      with pulmonary stenosis compared favorably to those of patients treated with
      single balloons. There were no technical failures or complications. There were
      two unsatisfactory results (severely dysplastic valve). In the aortic valve, the
      results with calcified stenoses were satisfactory at first but disappointing
      during follow-up. There were no technical failures but one of nine patients
      suffered an embolic myocardial infarction. In the mitral valve, there were two
      failures (one deficient equipment, one stroke during balloon positioning). In one
      case, insufficient balloon size led to an inadequate result. One patient needed
      surgical drainage for a pericardial tamponade. In two patients, mitral
      regurgitation was significantly increased. A 17F long sheath was developed to
      further facilitate balloon valvuloplasty. It guides the balloon catheter across
      the valve (and across the septum in case of the mitral valve), stabilizes it
      during inflation, and serves as a second pressure line to continuously monitor
      the transvalvular pressure gradient. It prevents bleeding at the puncture site
      during the intervention and presumably reduces the trauma to the artery. Because
      of its thrombogenic potential, heparinization of the patients is essential. The
      largest balloon accepted by the sheath is a 2 X 19 bifoil balloon which was the
      reason to use a bifoil balloon in some mitral valves. Trefoil balloons put in
      place through a long sheath provide some theoretical advantages over conventional
      single balloons introduced over guidewires that need to be evaluated by larger
      clinical studies. Although they do not prevent circulatory collapse during
      initial inflation in tight stenoses, they permit transvalvular flow when fully
      unfolded.

PMID- 3371841
TI  - [Balloon valvuloplasty of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis].
AB  - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty can be considered a therapeutic alternative to
      surgery for pulmonary valve stenosis. In this analysis, our results will be
      reported with respect to the various balloon sizes as related to the diameter of
      the valvular ring as well as differing balloon catheters and the presence of
      other anomalies in addition to pulmonary valve stenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty
      was carried out in 23 infants and children ranging in age from one month to
      eleven years and in two adults at the age of 22 and 50 years, respectively, with
      a systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve of more than 50 mm Hg or,
      in the presence of pressure gradients between 40 and 50 mm Hg, in association
      with a right ventricular pressure of at least 60% of that of the systemic
      pressure. In all patients echocardiography was carried out prior to the procedure
      to rule out valve dysplasia and Doppler echocardiographic determination of the
      pressure gradient was performed before and after dilatation. The diameter of the
      valvular ring was measured echocardiographically as well as from the right
      ventriculogram and the size of the balloon chosen accordingly. After diagnostic
      catheterization, the balloon catheter was advanced to the pulmonary valve with a
      guidewire. Under fluoroscopy, the balloon was completely inflated then the
      contrast medium immediately withdrawn, a procedure of seven to 23 seconds with
      the single-balloon catheter and five to nine seconds with the trefoil catheter.
      At the first dilatation, the larger portion of the balloon was advanced to the
      main stem of the pulmonary artery and was placed proximally for subsequent
      dilatations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371842
TI  - [Results of balloon valvuloplasty in pulmonary valve stenosis].
AB  - Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed in 17 consecutive
      patients, ranging in age from eleven years to 67 years (mean age: 40 +/- 17
      years). The peak to peak pressure gradient was reduced by 16 to 167 mm Hg, the
      mean pressure gradient decreased from 99 +/- 42 to 46 +/- 22 mm Hg. In six
      patients there was a pressure gradient above 50 mm Hg after the procedure. Within
      three months it decreased due to regression of infundibular hypertrophy and
      ranged from 26 to 46 mm Hg after one year. There were no serious complications.
      One patient experienced a brief episode of syncope. Another patient developed a
      pulmonary incompetence which was without hemodynamic significance. Percutaneous
      balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty offers an alternative method for treating
      pulmonary stenosis not only in children but also in adults.

PMID- 3371843
TI  - [Valvuloplasty of congenital aortic stenosis].
AB  - While percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty has largely replaced open
      commissurotomy for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis, the experience with
      valvuloplasty for congenital aortic stenosis is limited. Between August, 1984 and
      June, 1987, a total of 27 valvuloplasties were carried out in 25 patients with
      congenital aortic stenosis; nine infants and 16 patients ranging in age from four
      to 25 years (mean age 13 +/- 6 years). The indication for valvuloplasty was
      established on the basis of congestive heart failure or severe stenosis in
      infants and in the presence of a pressure gradient in excess of 60 mm Hg in those
      older than one year of age. In eight infants, valvuloplasty reduced the
      transvalvular pressure gradient from 73 +/- 5 to 36 +/- 9 mm Hg (p less than
      0.01; Figure 1). In the 16 patients older than one year of age, the pressure
      gradient was reduced from 93 +/- 25 to 49 +/- 15 mm Hg (p less than 0.01; Figure
      2). The size of the balloon chosen was based on two-dimensional echocardiographic
      measurements of the aortic ring diameter from inner edge to inner edge. In
      infants, coronary artery dilating catheters and balloon catheters with an
      inflated diameter of 4.2 to 8 mm were employed; in children, the balloon diameter
      selected was 1 to 3 mm less than that of the valve ring diameter, in 15 cases a
      single-balloon catheter and in one a trefoil catheter. After puncture of the
      femoral artery and retrograde advancement of a guide-wire into the left
      ventricle, the balloon catheter was positioned via the guide-wire across the
      aortic valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371844
TI  - [Percutaneous transluminal balloon dilatation of discrete membranous subvalvular
      aortic stenosis].
AB  - Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis (DMSS) which is localized immediately
      subvalvular and can be differentiated from fibromuscular stenosis of the left
      ventricular outflow tract, represents theoretically a well-suited lesion for
      uncomplicated balloon dilatation. The practical use of balloon dilatation for
      treatment of DMSS has been reported by two groups [6, 10]. In this overview, we
      will report our experience with balloon dilatation of DMSS in six children.
      Between June, 1986 and June, 1987, balloon dilatation of DMSS was carried out in
      six male children ranging in age from four to ten years (Table 2). In one child,
      coarctation of the aorta had been present and was previously treated successfully
      with balloon dilatation. In two children, the aortic valve was thickened with or
      without stenosis. All children had mild aortic regurgitation. After transvenous
      right heart catheterization and transarterial left heart catheterization
      including levocardiography and supraaortic angiography, 50 units of heparin per
      kilogram of body weight were administered and a guidewire advanced to the left
      ventricle for positioning of the balloon catheter in the left ventricular outflow
      tract. The choice of balloon diameter was based on measurement of the
      angiographically-determined aortic ring diameter (Table 1). Pressure measurements
      were obtained by means of a diagnostic catheter after the dilatation. No
      complications were observed either during or immediately after the intervention.
      After the dilatation, all children were discharged from the hospital to go home.
      Pressure in the left ventricle was reduced from 225 +/- 55 to 116 +/- 29
      mmHg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371845
TI  - [Percutaneous transvenous antegrade balloon angioplasty in aortic isthmus
      stenosis].
AB  - Balloon angioplasty of native or postoperative coarctation of the aorta has been
      recommended as an alternative method to surgical treatment. On use of the
      retrograde approach via the femoral artery, after introduction of the catheter
      into a vessel of narrow lumen, not infrequently, injury or obstruction was
      observed. This overview summarizes our experience primarily on use of antegrade
      balloon angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta, the first description of which
      was published as a case report in 1986. Between December, 1985, and September,
      1987, balloon angioplasty was carried out for native coarctation of the aorta in
      seven neonates, age two to 30 days. Concomitant cardiovascular anomalies included
      ventricular septal defect in five, patent ductus arteriosus in five, mitral valve
      atresia in two and transposition of the great arteries with and without double
      outlet right ventricle in two (Table 1). Prior to balloon angioplasty for
      coarctation, in four neonates therapeutic balloon atrial septostomy had been
      performed. For balloon angioplasty, via the right femoral vein, an end-hole
      catheter was advanced into the right ventricle. In five neonates, the catheter
      could be advanced into the ascending aorta directly from the right ventricle or
      through a ventricular septal defect. In the two other neonates, the catheter was
      advanced via the foramen ovale and the mitral valve into the left ventricle and
      the ascending aorta. Pressure was measured by the end-hole catheter as well as in
      the femoral artery after direct puncture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371846
TI  - Morphometric study of right ventricle in 32 cases of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - The right ventricle was the object of a morphometric study in a total of 32 human
      hearts with tetralogy of Fallot. Most subjects died in the perinatal period and
      weighed between 720 and 5,000 g. Nine internal parameters were measured in each
      right ventricle and substituted into the appropriate stereometric formula to
      yield volumes for each right ventricular chamber. The data obtained were compared
      to patterns of normality previously obtained by mathematical analysis. The
      results can be summarized as follows: 1. The right ventricular wall in the
      present series was thicker than normal, particularly near the tricuspid valve
      annulus. 2. Pulmonary valve and pulmonary infundibulum perimeter were below
      normal. 3. Tricuspid valve perimeter was above normal. 4. Above normal figures
      were obtained for length and volume of the right ventricular inflow tract. 5.
      Increased outflow tract length contrasted with below normal figures for outflow
      tract volume. 6. In a large number of cases (95%) the distance between the crista
      supraventricularis and the pulmonary sigmoid leaflets was reduced.
      Characterization of these changes may help to elucidate the embryological origin
      of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 3371847
TI  - Permanent inhibition of viral replication induced by low dosage of human
      leukocyte interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
AB  - Fourteen out of 28 HBsAg/HBeAg-positive carriers with chronic persistent and
      active hepatitis were randomly assigned to human leukocyte interferon (a-IFN)
      treatment for three months. The remaining 14 patients served as controls. Each
      treated subject received a standard i.m. dose of 0.7-1.0 X 10(5)/kg/day reference
      units of a-IFN for 28 consecutive days, and then the same dose twice a week for
      two months. This treatment regimen was well tolerated, and no remarkable side
      effects were recorded. At six months the number of patients who permanently lost
      HBV-DNA from serum was significantly higher in the treated group (p = 0.006) than
      in the untreated group. These results suggest that a less expensive and well
      tolerated treatment regimen based on low dosage of a-IFN may be as effective in
      producing permanent inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication as a treatment
      regimen based on larger dosage.

PMID- 3371848
TI  - The relation between anti-albumin antibodies and HBeAg/anti-HBe status as a
      marker of HB virus replication.
AB  - In this paper, the relation between anti-albumin antibodies and HBeAg/anti-HBe in
      patients with viral hepatitis B was studied. It was shown that anti-albumin
      antibodies occur more frequently in HBeAg-positive patients (48.1%) than in anti
      HBe-positive patients (20.0%). In sera that contained anti-albumin antibodies it
      was found that HBeAg was positive in 60.5%, but only in 25.7% of sera which did
      not contain anti-albumin antibodies. The results were discussed from the point of
      view of a possible protective role of anti-albumin antibodies.

PMID- 3371849
TI  - A prospective study of viral hepatitis A and the question of chronicity.
AB  - In a prospective study, the author followed up the course of hepatitis A (HA) in
      451 patients, predominantly schoolchildren, who were treated in the years 1982
      1985 in the Department for Infectious Diseases of the Celje Municipal Hospital.
      HA was identified by the present of hepatitis A virus IgM class (anti-HAV-IgGM)
      in the serum, and in one-third of the patients (38.6%) also with serological
      proof of the presence of the hepatitis A virus antigen (HAAg) in the feces. Other
      liver diseases which might present a similar picture were excluded. In 378
      patients (83.8%) the course of the disease was mild, the biochemical "liver
      tests" normalised within three months; in 73 patients (16.2%) the course was
      prolonged up to twelve months. In eight patients with a relapsed or protracted
      course that lasted from six to twelve months after the normalization of clinical
      and biochemical results, a liver biopsy was performed. The histologic picture
      revealed only slight residual changes which were evident mainly in portal and
      periportal areas of the liver. All of the HA convalescents were free of
      subjective signs and had no clinical symptoms after two to three years. In 23
      patients (5.1%) posthepatitic indirect hyperbilirubinemia remained a laboratory
      finding. On the basis of our results, we came to the conclusion that, also in
      patients with a protracted and relapsed course, HA takes a benign course which in
      itself tends toward recovery and does not leave any permanent sequelae in the
      liver.

PMID- 3371850
TI  - Replacement therapy in pancreatic insufficiency with a new pancreatin preparation
      respecting the physiological ratio of lipase/trypsin activity.
AB  - An open, intraindividually controlled study with two doses of Creon (5 X 2 and 5
      X 3 capsules/day) was performed in 15 patients suffering from severe pancreatic
      steatorrhea. A diet containing 70 g of fat/day was offered and the means of 3-day
      fat loss of daily collected stools were measured in the last 3 days of 5-day
      equilibration periods with and without replacement therapy. After these short
      term periods, patients were treated with 5 X 2 capsules of Creon for 3 months at
      home, and fat loss was then measured as previously on a 70 g fat/day diet. Stool
      weight and stool frequency significantly decreased already during the short-term
      periods. The fat loss decreased dose-dependently during the short periods, more
      after 5 X 3 capsules/day than after 5 X 2 capsules/day. However, after 3-month
      replacement therapy the effect of 5 X 2 capsules of Creon was similar (16.5%),
      possibly because of improved intes-tinal function. Weight increases and patients'
      appraisal were also favorable. The excellent results with Creon treatment were
      attributed to a better lipase/trypsin ratio of the pancreatin pre-aration which,
      together with the favorable galenic properties, can diminish proteolytic
      inactivation of lipase during passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3371851
TI  - Vasoactive and metabolic effects of leukotriene C4 and D4 in the intestine.
AB  - The effects of intra-arterial administration of leukotrienes (LT) C4 and D4 upon
      total intestinal and mucosal blood flow, intestinal oxygen consumption and motor
      activity were measured in anesthetized dogs. Blood flow to a segment of distal
      ileum was measured with an electromagnetic blood flow meter, and arteriovenous
      oxygen difference (AVO2) was determined spectrophotometrically. Oxygen
      consumption was calculated as the product of AVO2 and total blood flow.
      Intestinal mucosal blood flow was determined by a local H2-gas clearance
      technique. Motor activity was monitored on the basis of changes in intraluminal
      pressure. LTC4 and LTD4 induced a dose-related decrease in total intestinal blood
      flow, mucosal blood flow and in oxygen consumption, and an increase in intestinal
      motor activity. Both LT produced a redistribution of blood flow into the muscular
      compartment of the intestinal circulation. The results of these studies indicate
      that LTC4 and LTD4 are potent vasoconstrictors in the intestinal
      microcirculation, and that endogenous LT may contribute to the microvascular
      changes leading to the intestinal damage.

PMID- 3371852
TI  - Obstruction of the bile duct by a papillary adenoma of the gallbladder.
AB  - A case of papillary adenoma of the gallbladder unassociated with cholelithiasis
      and showing detachment of part of the growth with obstruction of the common bile
      duct is described. One the basis of a search of the literature, it would appear
      that this is the first time such a case has been reported. The bibliography is
      discussed and a distinction drawn between this kind of adenoma and other benign
      tumors of the gallbladder.

PMID- 3371854
TI  - Effect of 25-hydroxy-cholesterol on the uptake of corticosterone in isolated rat
      liver cells.
AB  - Isolated rat liver cells are able to take up corticosterone. The Arrhenius plot
      of the uptake shows a biphasic course with a change in the slope around 25
      degrees C. 25-OH-cholesterol is also taken up; this phenomenon reaches a maximum
      at 10-15 minutes. After preincubating liver cells at 37 degrees C in the presence
      of this sterol the phase transition is shifted to a higher temperature (32
      degrees C) as shown in the Arrhenius plot of the corticosterone uptake. At the
      same time the uptake of corticosterone is diminished. This cannot readily be
      explained by direct competition. The mechanism might involve an inhibition of an
      active uptake mechanism caused by a change in the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3371853
TI  - Effect of proteolytic enzymes on masked insulin receptors in rat submaxillary
      gland microsomes.
AB  - Trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin effects on masked insulin receptors were studied.
      Phospholipase C treatment, incubation in a high ionic strength buffer or
      solubilization were used as alternative procedures for the unmasking of insulin
      receptors. These three methods expose receptor structures which are inaccessible
      to insulin in the current experimental conditions of binding assays without any
      significant change in binding affinity. Both exposed and masked receptors proved
      to be equally sensitive to trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin degradation. At 25
      degrees C, about 5 micrograms trypsin/ml for 50 min or 80 micrograms alpha
      chymotrypsin/ml for 200 min were necessary in each case to cause a 50% inhibition
      of the binding of 125I-iodo insulin to microsomes. The results suggest that
      masked receptors are only nonfunctional to bind insulin but they are not located
      in compartments inaccessible to molecules present in the medium.

PMID- 3371855
TI  - Enhanced apomorphine-induced hypothermia in alloxan-treated rats.
AB  - Previous studies have indicated that drug-induced experimental diabetes is
      associated with increased receptor binding in the rat brain. The purpose of this
      study was to determine whether the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (APO)
      might produce an accentuated hypothermic response in rats rendered diabetic by
      alloxan (ALX) treatment. In a previous study, however, the only controls used
      were ALX-treated rats that failed to develop glycosuria. Therefore, in this
      study, APO (0.5 mg/kg IP) was administered to ALX-diabetic and non-diabetic as
      well as saline-treated control rats to ascertain whether the APO responsiveness
      of ALX-non-diabetic rats was comparable to that of saline control animals. ALX
      diabetic rats experienced significantly greater hypothermic response to APO than
      did the saline control animals. Although ALX-non-diabetic rats were similar to
      the saline control animals in body weight and blood glucose levels, they too were
      hyperresponsive to APO. These findings indicate that pancreatic injury from ALX,
      while not always sufficiently severe to produce overt diabetes, does appear to
      induce an hyperresponsiveness to APO-induced hypothermia in a manner similar to
      that observed in severely diabetic animals.

PMID- 3371856
TI  - Bone mineral content of the hyperprolactinemic rat femur by single photon
      absorptiometry.
AB  - Chronic hyperprolactinemia was obtained in the rat by an implantation of two
      adenohypophyses under the kidney capsule. This experimental model was set to
      evaluate the influence that high prolactin levels may have on bone mineralization
      when an intervention of estrogens can reasonably be excluded. Bone density was
      measured by single photon absorptiometry at the femur level. Our results indicate
      that the increase in PRL throughout the period of observation was associated with
      a significant decrease in bone mineral content, while calcium and parathyroid
      hormone serum levels remained unchanged. This would suggest that PRL plays a role
      in bone calcium metabolism, that might be included among the effects of this
      hormone.

PMID- 3371857
TI  - Serum prolactin and growth hormone determined by radioimmunoassay and a two-site
      immunoradiometric assay: comparison with the Nb2 cell bioassay.
AB  - Serum levels of the two lactogenic hormones prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone
      (GH) were compared when determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and two-site
      immunoradiometric (IRMA) assays in 83 normal premenopausal women. The mean values
      for the PRL and GH results determined by RIA were higher than those obtained by
      IRMA, despite strong correlations between the two (PRL, r = 0.92; GH, r = 0.79).
      The lactogenic hormones were also determined together by the Nb2 cell bioassay
      (BA) in 38 of these same women, and the results compared with the sum of the PRL
      and GH immunoassays. There was a strong correlation between the BA and RIA (r =
      0.75), and the BA/PRL+GH RIA ratio averaged 1.6 +/- 0.5. Corresponding values for
      IRMA were r = 0.66, and BA/PRL + GH IRMA 3.3 +/- 1.1. Thus, the polyclonal RIA
      antisera appeared to recognize bioactive hormone components not determined by the
      double monoclonal antibody IRMA. Another 23 women at risk for familial breast
      cancer, and 14 cystic breast disease patients were also studied. High BA, but
      normal RIA results, giving mean ratios of 2.4 +/- 1.1 and 3.6 +/- 3.0
      respectively, suggest the presence of a further variant with high bioactivity not
      detected by RIA in these two clinical situations.

PMID- 3371858
TI  - Serum free thyroid hormones are decreased by betamethasone treatment in Graves'
      disease.
AB  - 38 patients with Graves' disease were treated at random with the
      glucocorticosteroid betamethasone or with placebo. The daily oral dose was 6.0 mg
      for the first 5 days, 4.5 mg for the following week, and then 3.0 mg. The serum
      free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentration decreased within 5 days, while the free
      thyroxine (FT4) level was reduced first after 3 weeks of betamethasone treatment.
      The suppressed serum thyrotropin concentration did not change. In the placebo
      group no significant constant alterations were found in any of the variables
      studied. The results corroborate that betamethasone decreases FT3 and to a less
      degree also FT4, which earlier has been indicated by indirect methods, although
      the mechanisms behind the changes remain to be clarified. Since FT3 is more
      readily available for the metabolic effects in tissues the rapid striking fall in
      its concentration is an argument for glucocorticoid treatment in selected
      patients with severe hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease.

PMID- 3371859
TI  - Regional variations in cholesterol-esterase activity in rat adipocytes.
AB  - Cholesterol esterase and lipoprotein lipase activities were examined in different
      fat depots in adult male rats. Both were significantly higher in the
      retroperitoneal and epididymal regions than in the subcutaneous abdominal depots.

PMID- 3371860
TI  - GH secretion in patients with hyperthyroidism. Comparison of the effects of long
      acting propranolol and betaxolol.

PMID- 3371861
TI  - Secretion of pregnane compounds from follicular and luteal ovaries in rats.
AB  - Differences during the follicular and luteal phases in the secretion of pregnane
      compounds by rat ovaries were studied. Daily s.c. injections of 2 mg of
      progesterone that began at early diestrus prolonged the diestrus stage for the
      duration of the treatment. In the follicular phase, normal proestrus and
      proestrus delayed by progesterone treatment were examined. In the luteal phase,
      day 6 of pseudopregnancy was examined. 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one accounted
      for most of total amount of pregnane compounds secreted from ovaries in the
      follicular phase, and progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one for most
      at the luteal phase. The levels of 5 alpha-pregnane compounds were low in both
      phases. Injection of 2 micrograms of luteinizing hormone (LH) before sample
      collection increased the secretion of progesterone in the follicular phase, but
      not in the luteal phase. The secretion of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3 alpha
      hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one was increased by the injection of LH in either
      phase, but the ability of the ovaries to produce these steroids was low,
      suggesting that there was low 5 alpha-reductase activity in the ovaries of rats
      with delayed proestrus and pseudopregnant rats.

PMID- 3371862
TI  - Peripheral autoregulation of thyromimetic activity in man.
AB  - This study describes an extrathyroidal mechanism for regulating serum
      concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) in thyroxine (T4) deficiency or excess.
      Serum levels of T3, T4, reverse T3 (rT3), and thyrotropin were determined in two
      series of athyreotic patients (n = 22 and n = 16, respectively) during various
      doses of T4 substitution therapy. The patients were followed from the severe
      hypothyroid state up to the modest hyperthyroid state, induced by stepwise
      increasing doses of administered T4. The periods of constant T4 replacement doses
      were 1 week (group I) and 5 weeks (group II), respectively. As serum T4 levels
      rose from less than 0.5 micrograms/dl to 18.9 micrograms/dl, serum T3 levels
      showed a curvilinear increase, which was pronounced in the very low T4 range
      while it was flattened at the higher end of the spectrum of T4 levels. As to rT3,
      an analogous course did not occur. The different character of the relationships
      between T4 and its conversion products was further elucidated by calculating the
      T3/T4 and rT3/T4 ratios. T3/T4 ratio declined fourfold from 43.3.10(-3) in the
      severe hypothyroid to 11.7.10(-3) in the hyperthyroid range. The results support
      the hypothesis of a peripheral autoregulation of T4 to T3 conversion which
      appears to be operative at both ends of the T4 spectrum and which serves to
      maintain or defend serum T3 levels.

PMID- 3371863
TI  - Calcitonin levels in normal women of various ages evaluated with a new sensitive
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - In order to establish the normal range of serum Calcitonin (CT), evaluated with a
      new, sensitive radioimmunoassay in normal women of various ages, 67 female
      subjects were examined. CT levels were detectable in all the subjects, with a
      reference interval (bounded by the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles) of 3.6-16.9 pg/ml; a
      very slight decrease with age was observed (correlation coefficient = -0.24; P =
      0.05; regression equation: CT = 9.55--0.042 x age). This assay seems sensitive
      enough to permit the measurement of CT in physiological conditions.

PMID- 3371864
TI  - Effect of glucagon on secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1.

PMID- 3371865
TI  - Elevation of glucose-6-phosphate in early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis induced
      in rats by N-nitrosomorpholine.

PMID- 3371866
TI  - Differential expression of MHC class II subregion products on bile duct
      epithelial cells and hepatocytes in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - To study the expression of MHC Class II subregion gene products on biliary
      epithelial cells in primary biliary cirrhosis, frozen sections from liver
      biopsies of 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were studied
      immunohistochemically using HLA-D subregion specific monoclonal antibodies L243
      (HLA-DR), Leu10 (HLA-DQ) and B7/21 (HLA-DP). Patients with early stages of
      primary biliary cirrhosis showed expression of HLA-DP, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ
      subregion gene products on bile duct epithelial cells. In advanced stages of
      disease, no MHC Class II antigens or only HLA-DR and HLA-DP were expressed on
      bile duct cells. While normal hepatocytes did not express detectable amounts of
      MHC Class II antigens, hepatocytes from liver biopsies of four patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis showed a distinct staining exclusively with monoclonal
      antibodies specific for HLA-DR. The expression of MHC Class II antigens on
      parenchymal cells was independent of a lymphocytic infiltration into the tissue.
      This study demonstrates that bile ductular cells, but not hepatocytes, express a
      full set of MHC Class II molecules at least during the early stages of primary
      biliary cirrhosis. We propose, therefore, that the expression of both HLA-DR and
      HLA-DQ subregion products on bile duct epithelial cells may be a necessary,
      although not sufficient, condition for the initiation of an autoimmune process
      leading to the destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts in primary biliary
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 3371867
TI  - Identification of biliprotein as a liver growth factor.
AB  - We determined the concentration of biliprotein in plasma of rats at different
      times after partial hepatectomy. From the same plasma samples, we purified a
      liver growth factor previously characterized by our group. When we plotted the 14
      points studied, a linear relationship was obtained (r = 0.999; p less than
      0.001). This result, in addition to our group's recent identification of this
      liver growth factor as an albumin-bilirubin complex, strongly suggests that
      biliprotein is a liver growth factor.

PMID- 3371868
TI  - The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: a
      prospective study.
AB  - The incidence and contributing factors of cirrhosis developing in patients with
      chronic type B hepatitis were assessed prospectively in 684 clinicopathologically
      verified patients, of which 509 were HBeAg positive and 175 were anti-HBe
      positive at entry into the study. During an average follow-up period of 35.3
      months, cirrhosis occurred 6 to 64 months after entry in 35 HBeAg-positive and 7
      anti-HBe positive patients with a calculated annual incidence of 2.4 and 1.3%,
      respectively (p greater than 0.05). The incidence increased significantly with
      the increasing age at entry. Patients who had experienced (a) hepatic
      decompensation, (b) repeated episodes of severe acute exacerbation (with alpha
      fetoprotein greater than 100 ng per ml and/or bridging hepatic necrosis), (c)
      severe acute exacerbation not accompanied by subsequent HBeAg seroconversion and
      (d) hepatitis B virus reactivation (particularly those with HBeAg reappearance)
      were found to develop cirrhosis much more frequently (p less than 0.001).
      Contrary to general belief, patients who had hepatitis delta virus superinfection
      and patients with chronic active hepatitis were not particularly prone to develop
      cirrhosis. We conclude that in addition to age factor, the extent, severity,
      duration, frequency and etiology of the hepatic lobular alterations are important
      factors for the development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B
      hepatitis.

PMID- 3371869
TI  - Absence of seroconversion following treatment with hepatitis B immune globulin
      containing antibody to human immunodeficiency virus.
AB  - Recent studies have demonstrated that commercial preparations of hepatitis B
      immune globulin often contain antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. The
      presence of this antibody has aroused concerns that treatment with hepatitis B
      immune globulin might passively induce human immunodeficiency virus antibody
      seropositivity, leading to incorrect diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus
      exposure. We studied a group of 16 normal volunteers who received an
      intramuscular dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (0.06 ml per kg) which was
      later discovered to contain human immunodeficiency virus antibody. None of the
      subjects had human immunodeficiency virus antibody before receiving hepatitis B
      immune globulin. Serum specimens collected at 1 to 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24
      weeks after the injection were consistently negative for human immunodeficiency
      virus antibody. There was no detectable human immunodeficiency virus antibody in
      any specimen from any subject. We conclude that intramuscular therapy with
      hepatitis B immune globulin in the recommended dose does not appear to place
      patients at risk of passive seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus
      antibody positivity, despite the presence of antibody in the injected material.

PMID- 3371870
TI  - Experimental duck hepatitis B virus infection: pathology and evolution of hepatic
      and extrahepatic infection.
AB  - Seventy, 1-day-old ducklings inoculated intraperitoneally with duck hepatitis B
      virus and 30 controls have been studied over a 2-year period. Infection with duck
      hepatitis B virus occurred in all inoculated ducks, although this was not
      associated with clinical morbidity. Duck hepatitis B virus DNA was first detected
      in liver on Day 3, in pancreatic acinar cells on Day 4, serum on Day 6, splenic
      red and white pulp on Day 7 and in the renal glomurulus on Day 14, using a
      combination of dot, Southern blot and in situ hybridization techniques. Peak
      levels of circulating virus, as determined by DNA polymerase levels, occurred 1
      to 4 weeks postinoculation. Mild degrees of portal inflammation were seen in
      sections of liver tissue in both infected and control ducks. However, moderately
      severe inflammatory changes were present in 8 of 22 infected birds compared with
      0 of 18 controls (p less than 0.025). Appearance of this inflammatory infiltrate
      6 weeks postinoculation coincided with a decrease in levels of duck hepatitis B
      virus DNA in hepatocytes and within the pancreatic acinar cells. At the same
      time, duck hepatitis B virus DNA became increasingly localized to the splenic
      germinal centers, and viral DNA was first detected in pancreatic islet cells. No
      histological changes accompanied the extra-hepatic tissue infection. The sequence
      and significance of duck hepatitis B virus infection in liver and extra-hepatic
      tissues is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus
      infection in man.

PMID- 3371871
TI  - Identification and characterization of a murine receptor for galactose-terminated
      glycoproteins.
AB  - The asialoglycoprotein receptor, the hepatic binding lectin for galactose
      terminated glycoproteins, has been isolated and characterized from human, rabbit
      and rat liver. Several recent studies have shown the existence of the same
      receptor in murine liver. However, the biochemical structure of the receptor in
      murine liver has not been resolved. In this paper, we describe the identification
      and purification of the receptor for asialoglycoproteins from murine liver. The
      purified receptor has three polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of
      42,000, 45,000 and 51,000, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, our studies suggest that the
      receptor from murine liver is very similar to its counterpart in rat liver,
      although some potential interesting differences have also been observed. Initial
      studies indicate that this receptor is well conserved in different mouse strains.

PMID- 3371872
TI  - The role of alcoholism and liver disease in the appearance of serum antibodies
      against acetaldehyde adducts.
AB  - We recently presented preliminary data indicating the presence of antibodies
      against acetaldehyde adducts in sera of over 70% of alcoholic patients. To assess
      the respective roles of liver disease and alcohol consumption as well as the
      specificity of this immune response, 141 patients in various stages of alcoholic
      and nonalcoholic liver diseases were tested by a hemagglutination assay. Sixty
      three (73%) of 86 alcoholics had antibody titers above control levels (p less
      than 0.0001). Alcohol consumption of these individuals was significantly higher
      (p less than 0.001) than that of those alcoholics with normal titers. Twenty-two
      patients (39%) with nonalcoholic liver diseases also had elevated levels of
      antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts (p less than 0.0005); of these, 8 had
      primary biliary cirrhosis (7 in Stages III and IV), 9 had chronic active
      hepatitis (6 with cirrhosis) and 5 had acute (virus- or drug-induced) hepatitis.
      Antibody titers did not correlate with levels of transaminase or alkaline
      phosphatase activity, nor with bilirubin, and albumin. However, in 52 alcoholics
      and in nonalcoholic patients with biopsy-confirmed liver disease, the highest
      titers were seen in the more advanced stages of liver damage. Thus, in addition
      to alcohol consumption, severity of liver disease may play a role in the
      appearance of circulating antibodies against acetaldehyde adducts.

PMID- 3371873
TI  - Influence of smoking on caffeine elimination in healthy volunteers and in
      patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
AB  - The effect of smoking on caffeine elimination was measured in 7 healthy
      volunteers and in 18 smoking and in 30 nonsmoking patients with alcoholic liver
      cirrhosis following oral application of 366 mg caffeine. In an intraindividual
      experiment in smoking health probands, caffeine clearance decreased from 118 +/-
      33 to 77 +/- 22 ml per min (p less than 0.05) after abstaining cigarette smoking
      for 3 weeks. In a control group without liver disease (8 smokers, 15 nonsmokers),
      we found a caffeine clearance of 114 +/- 40 ml per min in smokers and 64 +/- 20
      in nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). Smoking and nonsmoking patients with alcoholic
      liver cirrhosis did not differ with respect to clinical and laboratory data and
      hexobarbitone elimination. However, caffeine clearance was 63 +/- 63 ml per min
      in smoking patients compared to 34 +/- 49 ml per min in nonsmokers (p less than
      0.05). Fasting plasma concentrations of caffeine were higher in nonsmokers (5.1
      +/- 6.2 micrograms per ml) than in smokers (2.1 +/- 4.5 micrograms per ml, p less
      than 0.05). We conclude that smoking habits have to be taken into account if
      caffeine is used as a model compound for measuring quantitative liver function.

PMID- 3371874
TI  - Oxidant stress during reperfusion of ischemic liver: no evidence for a role of
      xanthine oxidase.
AB  - Oxygen-derived free radicals might play a role in the injury produced by
      reperfusion of ischemic organs. Since the generation of reactive oxygen species
      results in an increased formation of glutathione disulfide, we have attempted to
      document an oxidant stress during reperfusion of ischemic liver by following the
      hepatic production of glutathione disulfide in vivo and in the perfused rat
      liver. Following partial hepatic ischemia of 120 min duration, the plasma
      concentration of glutathione disulfide gradually increased from 0.8 +/- 0.1 to
      9.1 +/- 1.6 microM (mean +/- S.E., n = 6) after 1 hr of reperfusion. The plasma
      concentration of reduced glutathione increased only 2-fold from 21.4 +/- 2.4 to
      38.1 +/- 3.4 microM. The rise in plasma glutathione disulfide was higher with
      increasing duration of ischemia from 30 to 120 min and was associated with a
      gradual increase in hepatic glutathione disulfide. The hepatic origin of
      glutathione disulfide was documented in the perfused rat liver where the release
      of glutathione disulfide increased gradually during reperfusion following 90 min
      of warm ischemia from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.6 +/- 0.5 nmole per min per gm liver at 30
      min after onset of reperfusion. The administration of allopurinol, an inhibitor
      of xanthine oxidase, did not decrease the release of glutathione disulfide (29.9
      +/- 3.8 nmoles per gm in controls vs. 44.7 +/- 10.0 nmoles per gm in 30 min with
      allopurinol) and ALT (3.3 +/- 1.4 units per gm in controls vs. 2.6 +/- 0.8 units
      per gm in 30 min with allopurinol). Our studies document an oxidant stress
      associated with reperfusion of ischemic liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371875
TI  - Early midzonal cell death during low-flow hypoxia in the isolated, perfused rat
      liver: protection by allopurinol.
AB  - Trypan blue uptake and lactate dehydrogenase release were measured as indices of
      irreversible cell damage in isolated, perfused rat livers during low-flow
      hypoxia. In livers from fasted rats perfused in the anterograde direction, trypan
      blue uptake took place beginning at about 45 min of hypoxia. Cells which took up
      trypan blue first were located in narrow bands at the border between anoxic
      pericentral areas and normoxic periportal regions of the liver lobule. After
      longer periods of hypoxia, trypan blue uptake progressed towards the central vein
      until after 120 min virtually all cells in the pericentral regions were stained.
      Under these conditions, cells in periportal regions were spared. In perfusions in
      the retrograde direction, cell death began in midzonal regions and spread towards
      the portal vein. Release of lactate dehydrogenase into the effluent paralleled
      trypan blue uptake, beginning at about 40 min of low-flow hypoxia and peaking at
      80 min. In contrast to livers from fasted rats, trypan blue was not taken up, and
      lactate dehydrogenase was not released in livers from fed rats exposed to low
      flow hypoxia for as long as 120 min. To test the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase
      mediated oxygen-free radical formation was involved in cell injury at the border
      between anoxic and normoxic regions (anoxic edge), allopurinol, an inhibitor of
      xanthine oxidase, was studied. Allopurinol (0.2 to 5 mM) delayed the release of
      lactate dehydrogenase during low-flow hypoxia in a dose-dependent fashion (e.g.,
      5 mM allopurinol delayed hypoxia-induced lactate dehydrogenase release by about
      30 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371876
TI  - Amiodarone-induced hepatic phospholipidosis: correlation of morphological and
      biochemical findings in an animal model.
AB  - Morphological and biochemical investigations were performed in guinea pigs after
      1, 3, 5 and 16 weeks of amiodarone feeding. The most prominent morphological
      finding was an increase in dense bodies in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and in bile
      duct epithelia, reaching a maximum after 5 weeks of treatment according to
      morphometric analysis. Similar time courses were observed for the serum and liver
      tissue concentrations of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone and the--albeit
      minimal--extent of hepatocellular necrosis. Phospholipids in the liver homogenate
      were unchanged after 1 week, but significantly increased after prolonged
      amiodarone treatment. There was no significant alteration in the pattern of
      individual phospholipids. Serum and tissue concentrations as well as the extent
      of phospholipidosis do not appear to be a function of the duration of drug
      application. A very close correlation, however, was observed between the liver
      tissue concentration of amiodarone and the amount of dense bodies as a
      morphological expression of phospholipidosis.

PMID- 3371877
TI  - Hepatic injury associated with the use of nitrofurans: a clinicopathological
      study of 52 reported cases.
AB  - Fifty cases of nitrofurantoin-associated hepatic injury and two cases of
      nifurtoinol (hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin)-associated hepatic injury reported to
      the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs were analyzed
      in detail. In 38 cases, a causal relationship was considered likely [i.e.,
      "highly probable" (n = 4), "probable" (n = 23) or "possible" (n = 11)]. In 25
      cases, hepatic injury was of the acute type whereas 13 cases presented a chronic
      type of reaction. Both types were more common in the elderly. Eighty per cent of
      the acute reactions appeared within the first 6 weeks of treatment and were
      sometimes accompanied by fever (28%), rash (12%) and eosinophilia (16%).
      Biochemically, the pattern was mainly hepatocellular (32%), whereas mixed
      cholestatic-hepatocellular (4%) and cholestatic (4%) patterns were uncommon.
      Although mild to moderate liver enzyme elevations (60%) were common, these were
      primarily symptomatic. The reaction was fatal in one "acute" and one "chronic"
      case. In the chronic cases, nuclear (82%) and smooth muscle (73%) antibodies and
      LE cells (50%) were frequently present. HLA typing showed no increase of the HLA
      B8 or HLA DRw3 haplotype. HLA DR2 (56%) and HLA DRw6 (56%) were more frequent
      than in controls (both 29%), but this was not statistically significant.
      Histology showed mainly necrosis, varying from spotty to massive, in the acute
      cases and a pattern consistent with chronic active hepatitis in the chronic
      cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371878
TI  - Induction of heat shock proteins in short-term cultured hepatocytes derived from
      normal and chronically griseofulvin-treated mice.
AB  - Freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes were tested with respect to the induction of
      heat shock (stress) proteins by elevated temperature, sodium arsenite and ethanol
      treatment. With heat, arsenite and ethanol treatments, the synthesis of a protein
      with a molecular weight of 68 kD (heat shock protein 68) was predominantly
      elevated; arsenite and ethanol exerted their effects on heat shock protein
      synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatocytes derived from livers of
      chronically griseofulvin-pretreated mice differed in their response from normal
      hepatocytes in that ethanol was ineffective in these cells. These results
      indicate that different modes and pathways of the stress response exist,
      depending on the nature of the inducing agent but also on pretreatment
      conditions. In vivo, pathologic alterations of cells and organs (e.g., in the
      course of chronic diseases) can, therefore, be expected to modulate the stress
      response.

PMID- 3371879
TI  - Ethinylestradiol stimulates a biliary cholesterol-phospholipid cosecretion
      mechanism in the hamster.
AB  - The mechanism of ethinylestradiol-induced biliary secretion of excess
      cholesterol, a potential causative factor of cholesterol gallstones, is not yet
      known. It might be related to altered bile acid metabolism, since the rate of
      cholesterol and phospholipid secreted into bile is thought to be influenced by
      the hydrophobicity of the bile acid species secreted. We therefore studied the
      effect of ethinylestradiol on bile acid metabolism and on secretory relationships
      between taurocholate and cholesterol/phospholipids in bile. Litter-matched Syrian
      female hamsters (80 to 100 gm body weight) were injected subcutaneously with
      either 0.2 ml per day corn oil (controls) or a pharmacologic dose of 5 mg per kg
      per day ethinylestradiol in corn oil (EE-hamsters; n = 6) for 5 days. On Day 6,
      bile was collected for 60 min (basal secretory rate) via a bile duct fistula
      after exclusion of the gallbladder. Then, a graded infusion of taurocholate was
      given for 110 to 130 min. Secretory rates (nmoles.min-1.-1 liver) for bile acids,
      cholesterol and phospholipids were determined and their mutual "linkage
      coefficients" (nmoles of secretory increment per 1 nmole of bile acid secreted)
      calculated by linear regression analysis. EE-hamsters had higher (p less than
      0.02) basal secretory rates of cholesterol (0.71 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.10) and
      phospholipids (5.74 +/- 1.04 vs. 4.21 +/- 0.73) than controls at comparable bile
      flow and bile salt secretion rates. Cholic acid pool size and the fractional
      composition of bile acid species in bile were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3371880
TI  - Sn-protoporphyrin lowers serum bilirubin levels, decreases biliary bilirubin
      output, enhances biliary heme excretion and potently inhibits hepatic heme
      oxygenase activity in normal human subjects.
AB  - Sn-protoporphyrin, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, the rate
      limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme to bile pigment, was administered to
      10 normal volunteers: 8 males and 2 females. A significant decrease in the levels
      of serum (mean decrease; 38%) and biliary bilirubin (mean decrease: 47%) was
      demonstrated in all 10 subjects. The decrease in these parameters lasted for a
      minimum of 4 days after administration of the metalloporphyrin. Sn-protoporphyrin
      also facilitated the excretion of endogenous heme in bile during the 24- to 48-hr
      period following administration of the compound. The metalloporphyrin was rapidly
      cleared from plasma with a half-life of 3.4 hr. A small amount (3 to 6%) of Sn
      protoporphyrin was excreted in both urine and bile. The activity of microsomal
      heme oxygenase was measured in five human liver samples freshly obtained at the
      time of cholecystectomy and varied from approximately 2 to 4 nmoles bilirubin
      formed per mg protein per hour. The addition of Sn-protoporphyrin to microsomal
      heme oxygenase isolated from these liver samples resulted in a dose-dependent
      decrease in the activity of this enzyme at concentrations of the metalloporphyrin
      in the range of 10(-7) to 10(-9) M. The findings reported here provide strong
      evidence that the suppression of biliary and serum bilirubin levels and the
      enhancement of heme excretion in the bile of the normal volunteers examined in
      this study were due to inhibition of physiological rates of heme oxidation
      activity by the synthetic heme analog, Sn-protoporphyrin.

PMID- 3371881
TI  - Patients with deficient ascitic fluid opsonic activity are predisposed to
      spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
AB  - To assess the risk of development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in
      relation to ascitic fluid opsonic activity, routine admission abdominal
      paracentesis was performed on 119 patients during 141 hospitalizations.
      Paracentesis was repeated if evidence of peritonitis developed during the
      hospitalization. The ascitic fluid opsonic activity (0.2 +/- 0.5 log kill) of 24
      spontaneously infected specimens was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than
      that of the group with sterile portal hypertension-related ascites (0.8 +/- 1.1
      log kill), and significantly lower than the group with ascites of miscellaneous
      type (2.4 +/- 1.0 log kill, p less than 0.001). The C3 and C4 concentrations of
      the spontaneous peritonitis specimens were also significantly lower than in the
      specimens from the other groups. Of the 55 patients whose initial sterile ascitic
      fluid opsonic activity was less than 0.2 log kill, 8 (14.5%) developed
      spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during the hospitalization; whereas none of the
      70 patients with sterile ascitic fluid opsonic activity greater than or equal to
      0.2 log kill developed spontaneous peritonitis. This difference in the risk of
      development of peritonitis was significant (p less than 0.01). Patients with
      deficient ascitic fluid opsonic activity are predisposed to spontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis.

PMID- 3371882
TI  - Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic effects of intravenous hypertonic glucose in
      patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - In animals, there may exist a hyperemic response in the portal circulation during
      intravenous administration of hypertonic glucose, but a hemodynamic response of
      this kind has never been described in man. This study was designed to evaluate if
      hyperglycemia itself could induce systemic or splanchnic hemodynamic changes in
      patients with cirrhosis. Sixteen patients with cirrhosis were studied before and
      during i.v. infusions of hypertonic (900 mOsmoles per liter) glucose (n = 8),
      mannitol (n = 4) or saline (n = 4) at 2 ml per min. In the group receiving
      glucose, there were significant increases in hepatic venous pressure gradient
      (+12%), azygos blood flow (+27%) and pulmonary capillary pressure (+32%), while
      calf blood flow decreased (-26%). No changes occurred in the mannitol or saline
      groups. Changes in plasma osmolality, plasma volume, splanchnic oxygen extraction
      and vasoactive hormones, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and
      glucagon, did not appear to be involved in the mechanism of these vasoactive
      phenomena. It is suggested that the possible deleterious effects of increase in
      portal pressure and azygos blood flow should be taken into consideration when
      administering hypertonic glucose to patients with portal hypertension.

PMID- 3371883
TI  - Ventricular function in cirrhosis and portasystemic shunt: a two-dimensional
      echocardiographic study.
AB  - Cardiovascular alterations such as increased heart rate, high cardiac output,
      reduced systemic vascular resistance, and in most of the cases, increased
      contractility parameters have been recognized in patients with advanced liver
      disease. Some investigators define a cirrhotic cardiomyopathy as a hyperdynamic
      failure of the heart. Consequently, in patients with cirrhosis, the risk of
      developing further circulatory deterioration may be increased in situations which
      stress the cardiovascular system. After opening a portocaval shunt, it is
      expected that a large amount of blood will be distributed from the splanchnic to
      the pulmonary circulation and put a strain on the heart. This two-dimensional
      echocardiographic study was made in 30 patients with cirrhosis and in 20 patients
      who were chronically treated (range: 16 to 156 months) with portasystemic shunt
      for prevention of hemorrhage from esophageal variceal bleeding. Patients with
      portasystemic shunts revealed a change in hemodynamic pattern. There was a
      significant increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and also
      a slight increase in the left ventricular end-systolic index. Cardiac output
      remained high despite a significant decrease in heart rate due to an elevated
      left ventricular stroke volume index. The parameters of systolic ventricular
      performance were normal. In contrast to the acute opening of the portacaval
      shunt, the chronic shunt volume put no strain of clinical significance on the
      heart.

PMID- 3371884
TI  - Commentary on meta-analysis in clinical trials.

PMID- 3371885
TI  - Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by perfusion: a solution for the matrix?

PMID- 3371886
TI  - The oncogenicity of azathioprine?

PMID- 3371887
TI  - Brain atrophy by computerized tomography: does brain matter matter?

PMID- 3371888
TI  - Percutaneous portal-systemic shunts: promise and problems.

PMID- 3371889
TI  - Hepatic transferrin receptors in hereditary hemochromatosis.

PMID- 3371890
TI  - Propranolol effect on portal hypertension.

PMID- 3371891
TI  - Malignant transformation in a naevus of Ito. A case report.

PMID- 3371892
TI  - Isolated arteritis of the synovium of the knee joint.

PMID- 3371893
TI  - Ultrastructure of early plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy.
AB  - A lung biopsy specimen from a young woman with the clinical features of primary
      pulmonary hypertension showed grade 2 plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. Electron
      microscopy revealed 'dark', electron-dense smooth muscle cells in the inner part
      of the media of muscular pulmonary arteries. Many of these transformed myocytes
      had migrated into the lumens of pulmonary arteries and arterioles which they
      occluded. This migration of smooth muscle cells was associated with a substantial
      increase in the number of pulmonary endocrine cells in the bronchioles containing
      bombesin and calcitonin.

PMID- 3371894
TI  - Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Fibrous hamartoma of infancy is an uncommon lesion, the histogenesis and
      biological nature of which are uncertain. Ten cases have been studied by light
      microscopy, mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The typical
      histological features are presented. The presence of hyaluronic acid and of
      chondroitin-4- and -6-sulphate and keratan sulphate has been demonstrated in
      different components of the tumour. Vimentin positivity was noted in the
      undifferentiated and fibroblastic components. The implications of these findings
      are discussed. Whether the lesion merits the designation of hamartoma or is, in
      fact, a benign neoplasm remains obscure.

PMID- 3371895
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in scleral proteoglycans precede destruction of the
      collagen fibril matrix in necrotizing scleritis.
AB  - Proteoglycans were localized using cuprolinic blue and visualized by electron
      microscopy in sclera from the eye of a 58-year-old woman with necrotizing
      scleritis. Samples of sclera taken from clinically normal anterior and posterior
      sclera and from sites involved in anterior necrotizing scleritis with ulceration
      and posterior scleritis showed markedly different patterns of proteoglycan
      distribution. Proteoglycans appeared as stain-positive filaments associated
      regularly with the 'd/e' bands of the collagen fibrils in normal anterior sclera,
      but were absent from intact collagen fibrils in the zone of anterior ulcerative
      scleritis. In posterior sclera including a site of posterior scleritis,
      proteoglycans were reduced in number with more heterogeneous associations with
      collagen fibrils. Depletion of scleral proteoglycans therefore precedes the
      degradation of scleral collagen in necrotizing scleritis, which may also involve
      the synthesis of atypical proteoglycan types in pathological sclera.

PMID- 3371896
TI  - Basosquamous cell carcinoma of the skin with metastases.
AB  - Two cases of basosquamous cell carcinoma of the skin with lymph node, lung and
      bone metastases are reported. Metastases occurred 4 and 7 years after
      identification of the primary tumour. Both the primary and metastatic lesions had
      areas of typical basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and also
      intermediate carcinomatous tissue. In the bone metastasis of one case there were
      rudimentary hair follicles and areas of matrical differentiation. These cases
      further support the existence of basosquamous cell carcinoma and emphasize its
      metastatic potential.

PMID- 3371897
TI  - Laterally situated neck cysts derived from the embryological remnants of thyroid
      development.

PMID- 3371898
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of central nervous system.

PMID- 3371899
TI  - Malignant nerve sheath tumour arising in a ganglioneuroma.
AB  - A malignant nerve sheath tumour arising within a thoracic ganglioneuroma is
      described. This is only the seventh such case described in the literature and the
      first at this site. The previously documented cases are reviewed.

PMID- 3371901
TI  - Treating half the illness.

PMID- 3371900
TI  - Testicular atrophy after oestrogen therapy.
AB  - Therapeutic use of oestrogens by males with carcinoma of the prostate leads to
      testicular atrophy with markedly reduced spermatogenesis after only 21 d (Oshima
      et al. 1974). Treatment for over a year results in paucity of germ cells,
      vacuolation of Sertoli cells and reduction in Leydig cells (Lu & Steinberger
      1978, Smith & Urry 1985). There is, apparently, no information on the histology
      of the human testis after more than 1 year oestrogen therapy. We here report
      changes in testes from five transsexuals treated for periods of up to 5.5 years.

PMID- 3371902
TI  - Alcoholism as a cause of psychopathology.

PMID- 3371903
TI  - Validation of the Geriatric Psychiatry Knowledge Test.

PMID- 3371904
TI  - Defining and pricing psychiatric care "products".

PMID- 3371905
TI  - Defining chronic mental illness: a concept paper.
AB  - Three criteria--diagnosis, duration, and disability--are gaining currency in
      efforts throughout the United States to define the concept of chronic mental
      illness in a precise manner. However, there is presently no consensus on the
      specific character or relative importance of these criteria. Nor is there
      consensus on the nature of the interrelationships among these elements. These
      conceptual concerns must be resolved if uniformity in service planning and
      research on the chronic mentally ill is to be achieved.

PMID- 3371906
TI  - NCSC guidelines for involuntary civil commitment: a workable framework for
      justice in practice.
AB  - A multidisciplinary task force convened by the National Center for State Courts
      has developed 50 guidelines that contain practical solutions to problems
      associated with involuntary civil commitment processes; most can be implemented
      within existing statutory frameworks. The guidelines call for greater cooperation
      and communication among the mental health, social service, public safety, and
      justice systems at each step in the commitment process and recommend that these
      systems form interdisciplinary community coordinating councils to seek expedient
      remedies to problems in the commitment process. Other guidelines outline the
      roles of law enforcement officers, lawyers, mental health professionals, and
      judges in maintaining the continuity of the commitment process and propose
      measures for improving screening of individuals as they enter the mental health
      system. Efforts to facilitate implementation of the guidelines are described.

PMID- 3371907
TI  - Reforming the law in action through empirically grounded civil commitment
      guidelines.
AB  - Some assumptions that guided the national task force in developing the Guidelines
      for Involuntary Civil Commitment are identified and discussed. The task force's
      multidisciplinary membership is seen as enhancing the credibility of the
      suggested reforms. The task force developed guidelines instead of a model law,
      avoiding disputes about the philosophical basis of commitment laws and providing
      local jurisdictions the liberty to adapt the task force's recommendations to suit
      local conditions. Both the problems identified and the suggestions offered by the
      guidelines were based on the empirical experience of local commitment systems.
      Communication among the components of civil commitment systems was seen as
      crucial to reform and as achievable through a recommended structural change.

PMID- 3371908
TI  - Assessing the NCSC guidelines for involuntary civil commitment from the
      clinician's point of view.
AB  - Two clinicians who helped develop the National Center for State Courts' 50
      guidelines for involuntary civil commitment assess how well the guidelines
      address some of the common problems clinicians face during the commitment
      process. The guidelines with potential to help clinicians call for the
      establishment of screening agencies to reduce unnecessary commitments; encourage
      the development of models for outpatient commitment; attempt to ensure that
      information gathered during the evaluation process reaches clinicians; suggest
      how clinicians can more validly predict whether a patient is dangerous; and
      advocate more research and evaluation of civil commitment processes. The
      guidelines that would hamper good clinical care advocate using lawyers as brokers
      of services and requiring the courts to approve treatment plans. Clinicians are
      urged to become familiar with the guidelines.

PMID- 3371909
TI  - Variations in seclusion and restraint practices by hospital location.
AB  - Data from a survey of seclusion and restraint practices in New York state
      hospitals were analyzed to determine if they differed by hospital location. The
      study included 19 hospitals--five in New York City, four in New York City
      suburbs, three in large towns, and seven in small towns. Overall, New York City
      and large-town hospitals had the highest rates of seclusion and restraint, but
      analysis by age group showed that New York City had the lowest rate for patients
      under age 35, who constituted the majority of patients who were secluded or
      restrained, and large towns had the highest rate. Compared with suburban and
      small-town hospitals, city and large-town hospitals used seclusion more often
      than restraint and had a higher ward census and a lower-staff patient ratio. In
      all groups males and blacks were overrepresented compared with the hospital
      population. The authors believe clarification of regional variations in
      assaultive behavior is important for treatment and system planning.

PMID- 3371910
TI  - Characteristics associated with change in the legal status of involuntary
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - Patients initially admitted to a state hospital under an emergency commitment
      procedure were studied to identify the variables associated with their later
      change to voluntary status, release, or judicial commitment, and to compare the
      hospitalization and outcome patterns of voluntary and committed patients.
      Compared with committed or voluntary patients, released patients were younger and
      better educated; were more likely to be employed at admission, to contribute to
      family income, and to have had previous outpatient treatment; and were less
      likely to have serious organic or psychotic disorders or to receive government
      assistance. Voluntary patients were hospitalized twice as long as committed
      patients and were less frequently considered to have received maximum benefits
      from hospitalization. In view of the association between voluntary status and
      longer hospitalization, periodic review may be needed to safeguard these patients
      from unnecessary confinement.

PMID- 3371911
TI  - Predicting assaultiveness in psychiatric inpatients: a pilot study.
AB  - A sample of 87 psychiatric inpatients known to have been assaultive while in the
      hospital was contrasted with a matched group of nonviolent patients to identify
      the personal risk factors that distinguished the two groups. Data were collected
      using a personal history interview, a neurological examination, and an
      electroencephalogram. The four risk factors identified--neurological abnormality,
      history of violent crime, history of violent suicide attempts, and deviant family
      environment in childhood--were used to develop a statistical model predicting
      which subjects in a sample of newly admitted patients would become assaultive
      during the first three months after admission. The predicted classification of
      patients was found to be significantly related to subsequent assaultive behavior.

PMID- 3371912
TI  - Mental health needs of Vietnamese refugees.

PMID- 3371913
TI  - Content and outcome in a short-term therapy group for schizophrenic outpatients.

PMID- 3371914
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of treatment of i.v. drug abusers with AIDS.

PMID- 3371916
TI  - Giving patients a voice.

PMID- 3371915
TI  - Deinstitutionalization.

PMID- 3371917
TI  - Bedside terminals.

PMID- 3371918
TI  - Rural hospitals face future without obstetrics.

PMID- 3371919
TI  - Hospital CEOs rate anesthesia services.

PMID- 3371920
TI  - Locum tenens: just in time for summer vacations.

PMID- 3371922
TI  - CEO builds employee morale to improve finances.

PMID- 3371921
TI  - Ambulatory PPS: more hospitals will track costs.

PMID- 3371923
TI  - Hospitals explore day care as a retention tool.

PMID- 3371924
TI  - Product innovations: mixed blessing for hospitals.

PMID- 3371925
TI  - CEOs call shots on communications purchasing.

PMID- 3371926
TI  - Risks key to multis' HMO and venture decisions.

PMID- 3371927
TI  - Military health spending growth slows.

PMID- 3371928
TI  - System copes with lower ratings.

PMID- 3371930
TI  - Mortality rate study elicits strong reactions.

PMID- 3371929
TI  - Are you a thinker, feeler, senser, or intuitor?

PMID- 3371931
TI  - Bond battle: it isn't over yet, experts say.

PMID- 3371932
TI  - Court decision's effect on bonds is slight--for now.

PMID- 3371934
TI  - The economics of AIDS: one analyst's views.

PMID- 3371933
TI  - Hospital credit ratings continue their spiral.

PMID- 3371935
TI  - Growing ranks of female workers push child care.

PMID- 3371936
TI  - Charity care: tell the public, save tax status.

PMID- 3371937
TI  - CEO uses video to recruit physicians to northeastern Kentucky.

PMID- 3371938
TI  - Focus groups provide insight into marketplace.

PMID- 3371939
TI  - Suppliers target alternate care provider networks.

PMID- 3371940
TI  - Illinois denies tax exemptions to subsidiaries.

PMID- 3371941
TI  - Quality care: elusive concept deserves defining.

PMID- 3371943
TI  - A bank tells all.

PMID- 3371942
TI  - Paying to keep employees healthy.

PMID- 3371944
TI  - Prices stabilize.

PMID- 3371945
TI  - PCs proliferate.

PMID- 3371946
TI  - Bigger is better?

PMID- 3371947
TI  - Maintaining life.

PMID- 3371948
TI  - Labs integrate.

PMID- 3371949
TI  - Repeated surnames in those marrying into British one-surname "lineages": an
      approach to the evaluation of population structure through analysis of surnames
      in marriages.

PMID- 3371950
TI  - Ocular and periorbital anthropometry in the newborn.

PMID- 3371951
TI  - A canonical analysis of central and peripheral subcutaneous fat distribution and
      coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women aged 18-65 years.

PMID- 3371952
TI  - Sex differences in the intraindividual diversity of finger dermatoglyphics:
      pattern types and ridge counts.

PMID- 3371953
TI  - Prediction of body density from skinfolds in black and white young men.

PMID- 3371954
TI  - Tubular bone alterations in familial short stature.

PMID- 3371955
TI  - Predicting body composition of men from girth measurements.

PMID- 3371956
TI  - Effect of altitude on the stature, chest depth and forced vital capacity of low
      to-high altitude migrant children of European ancestry.

PMID- 3371957
TI  - A comparison of height growth curves among girls with different ages of menarche.

PMID- 3371958
TI  - Persistence of relative fatness at different body sites.

PMID- 3371959
TI  - Blood pressure in a rural West Bengal fishing community: an epidemiologic
      profile.

PMID- 3371960
TI  - Infant feeding patterns and growth of infants in American Samoa during the first
      year of life.

PMID- 3371961
TI  - Principal components analysis of digital dermatoglyphic patterns in a Basque
      population.

PMID- 3371962
TI  - Body proportions in three ethnic groups: children and youths 2-17 years in NHANES
      II and HHANES.

PMID- 3371963
TI  - Initiation time of adolescent growth spurt estimated by a certain trough in time
      series analysis of monthly anthropometric and urinalysis data in five siblings.

PMID- 3371964
TI  - Determinants of growth during early infancy.

PMID- 3371965
TI  - Feeding mode and anthropometric changes in primiparas.

PMID- 3371966
TI  - Blood pressure, urinary sodium/potassium ratio and body mass index in rural and
      urban populations in West Java.

PMID- 3371967
TI  - Possible anthropometric alternatives to skinfold measurements.

PMID- 3371968
TI  - Reliability assessment of transverse lines.

PMID- 3371969
TI  - Sampling variability in microdemographic estimation of fertility parameters.

PMID- 3371971
TI  - Estimation of correlations coefficient for growth measurements under age
      grouping.

PMID- 3371970
TI  - Birth weight, maturity and proportionality in Filipino infants.

PMID- 3371972
TI  - The AIDS plague--the pathologist's responsibility.

PMID- 3371973
TI  - The recruitment of pathology residents: a 1987 conference report on challenges
      and responses.
AB  - There is general agreement within pathology that there is a serious problem in
      the recruitment of US medical graduates into the field. Basic to this decline is
      inadequate exposure of medical students to the pathologist as a physician who is
      important to the care of patients and open to a range of clinical and research
      opportunities unparalleled in other medical specialties. Programs designed to
      increase the familiarity of students with pathology, both within the curriculum
      and outside of it, beginning before medical school and extending after medical
      school, have been proposed to reverse the downtrend in recruitment. Changes in
      the basic structure of pathology training programs, which would shorten the time
      commitment, are also considered important in increasing the attractiveness of a
      pathology career.

PMID- 3371974
TI  - Floppy mitral valve chordae tendineae: histopathologic alterations.
AB  - Pathologic studies of floppy or myxomatous mitral valves have focused primarily
      on changes in the valve cusps, with little attention given to the chordae
      tendineae. In a systematic study of the histopathology of floppy mitral valve
      chordae tendineae, 128 nonruptured chordae from 8 severely regurgitant floppy
      mitral valves were compared to 152 chordae from 10 normal control mitral valves
      and to 152 chordae from 8 control mitral valves with severe regurgitation due to
      ischemic heart disease. Collagen alterations were observed in 2% of normal mitral
      valve chordae and 3% of control regurgitant mitral valve chordae compared to 38%
      of floppy mitral valve chordae. Moderate or severe acid mucopolysaccharide
      accumulation was observed in 2% of normal mitral valve chordae and 3% of control
      regurgitant mitral valve chordae compared to 39% of floppy mitral valve chordae.
      Nonuniform histopathologic alterations, rare in normal and control regurgitant
      mitral valve chordae tendineae, were frequent in floppy mitral valve chordae
      tendineae (p less than 0.001). Histopathologic alterations provide the basis for
      abnormal physical properties previously demonstrated in floppy mitral valve
      chordae tendineae and may predispose to chordal elongation and rupture.

PMID- 3371975
TI  - Analysis of measuring system parameters that influence reproducibility of
      morphometric assessments with a graphic tablet.
AB  - The morphometric analysis of nuclear characteristics by means of a graphic tablet
      is, in principle, objective and highly reproducible. However, a recent study
      found considerable variation in the morphometric assessments, which was in
      contrast to the findings of others. The way in which measurements were performed
      differed in these studies. Therefore, measuring system factors that can
      potentially influence the quantitative results were analyzed systematically. One
      observer, experienced in microscopic analysis and working with a commercially
      available graphic tablet, conducted all the measurements, thus excluding
      interobserver variation. The tracing speed, localization (on the graphic tablet),
      magnification, pen and cursor usage, shape, and orientation on the graphic tablet
      were analyzed. A nomogram was developed for cursor application that indicates the
      relation between "projected" particle size, tracing speed, and required
      coefficient of variation (CV). When the influence of these factors is taken into
      account, a measuring system can be tuned optimally. With such a regimen, the CV
      can be kept below 1.5%. Our results show that in the assessment of morphometric
      features with the use of a graphic tablet, errors due to the measuring system can
      be virtually eliminated.

PMID- 3371976
TI  - Lung perforation complicating tube thoracostomy: pathologic description of three
      cases.
AB  - Insertion of a chest tube into the pleural space is standard therapy for a
      variety of pleural abnormalities. Three cases are described of lung perforation
      secondary to this procedure. In all three cases the tube had been inserted with
      the use of a trocar, and in two there were pleural adhesions in the vicinity of
      the puncture; in none was the perforation suspected clinically or considered to
      contribute to patient death. Pathologic features included one or two pleural
      holes continuous with a parenchymal tract of variable length. In one case, there
      was early epithelialization of the inner surface of the tract, suggesting that
      some of these may remain patent and be seen as incidental findings long after
      their formation. Two of the cases were identified among 18 patients who had had
      chest tubes inserted and came to autopsy over a similar period, implying that the
      incidence of the complication is greater than is generally appreciated. Reasons
      for this under appreciation are the lack or nonspecificity of clinical and
      radiographic findings and the ease with which perforation can be overlooked at
      autopsy.

PMID- 3371977
TI  - Influence of age on the metastatic behavior of breast carcinoma.
AB  - The effects of aging on the biologic behavior of malignant neoplasms are poorly
      understood. To examine the question of a possible age effect on the metastatic
      behavior of tumors, we reviewed the clinical histories, autopsy protocols, and
      histologic slides of 187 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma who were
      subjected to complete autopsy at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Patients were
      categorized in four groups according to the age of onset of breast carcinoma:
      group I had 12 young patients (less than 40 years old); group II had 41 patients,
      40 to 46 years old, considered to be premenopausal; group II had 89 patients, 47
      to 60 years old, considered to be early postmenopausal; and group IV had 45
      patients over 60 years old, considered to be late postmenopausal. Group II
      patients survived about 50% longer than group III or IV patients (p less than
      0.05), and groups I, II, and III patients had significantly greater numbers of
      metastases than group IV patients (p less than 0.05). There was a progressive
      decline in the frequencies of metastases in several locations as a function of
      age, such that group I and II patients had significantly more frequent metastases
      to the central nervous system (p less than 0.05), endocrine organs (p less than
      0.01), ovary (p less than 0.05), pancreas (p less than 0.01), and
      gastrointestinal tract (p less than 0.05) than patients in group III or IV. These
      differences in number and distribution of metastases were not explainable on the
      basis of survival, therapy, or initial stage of disease. The results suggest that
      the process of aging may influence the metastatic behavior of breast carcinoma;
      hormonal and metabolic factors may be implicated.

PMID- 3371978
TI  - Intraprostatic spermatozoa.
AB  - Spermatozoa have not previously been described within the prostate gland. Nine of
      one hundred prostates of nonhospitalized males obtained from autopsy during the
      course of medicolegal death investigation were found to contain spermatozoa. The
      potential role of spermatozoa in the pathogenesis of corpora amylacea/calculi
      formation, granulomatous inflammation, local antigenic stimulation, and
      carcinogenesis is considered.

PMID- 3371979
TI  - The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical demonstration of viral particles in
      lymph nodes from human immunodeficiency virus-related and non-human
      immunodeficiency virus-related lymphadenopathy syndromes.
AB  - Viral particles have been demonstrated by electron microscopy in lymph nodes from
      patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS-related persistent
      generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) syndrome. Immunohistochemical and in situ
      hybridization studies have identified these viruses as the human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV). In this study, we examined 20 PGL lymph nodes and found viral
      particles in 18 cases. Immunohistochemical studies on these cases revealed
      positive staining for the HIV core protein P24 within germinal centers of
      secondary follicles. In addition we found viral particles, morphologically
      indistinguishable from those observed in PGL lymph nodes, in 13 of 15 non-HIV
      related reactive lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical staining of these lymph nodes
      for the P24 core protein was negative. None of the patients in this group had
      risk factors for developing AIDS and none exhibited clinical evidence of immune
      deficiency. We conclude that the viral particles observed in PGL lymph nodes are
      most likely HIV, but similar particles can be seen in reactive lymph nodes not
      associated with HIV infection. The discrete localization of these particles
      within germinal centers has been observed for other viruses and immune complexes
      and a possible mechanism of this antigen deposition is discussed.

PMID- 3371980
TI  - Longterm histopathologic follow-up of bronchial arteries after therapeutic
      embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon) in patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - We used light microscopy to examine, at autopsy, bronchial arteries in three
      patients with cystic fibrosis who died, respectively, 10, 16, and 28 months after
      bronchial artery embolization with barium sulfate-impregnated polyvinyl alcohol
      (PVA) to control hemoptysis. PVA was not identified beyond the midsegmental
      bronchus in any patient. Persistent focal fibrovascular occlusion was noted in
      two patients, and recanalized and/or partially obstructed vessels were associated
      with PVA in all. The histologic reaction to PVA included fibrosis, mild chronic
      inflammation, localized foreign body reaction, and, in two patients, focal
      calcification of PVA spicules. Within the inflammatory milieu were numerous
      macrophages containing BaSO4. Extensive vascular mural destruction and fibrosis
      associated with PVA were also observed. Both PVA and BaSO4 were also frequently
      present in the perivascular connective tissue. These findings indicate that,
      although longterm occlusion persists after therapeutic arterial embolization with
      PVA, focal recanalization also occurs. The extent of vascular mural injury
      following PVA embolization in humans has been previously underestimated by animal
      experiments. Finally, perivascular deposition of PVA represents a common reaction
      to diverse foreign body emboli in both systemic and pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 3371981
TI  - Microleiomyomas of human stomach.
AB  - The incidence and distribution of microleiomyomas occurring in human stomachs
      were investigated in a sample of 286 resected stomachs examined by a whole organ
      stepwise cutting method. Seventy-two micromyomatous lesions were found in 47
      cases (16.4%), without any sexual predilection. Almost all lesions (94.4%) were
      less than 5 mm in diameter, the rest being in the range of 6 to 10 mm. Multiple
      lesions were found in 18 cases (38.3%). Histologically they were all benign
      leiomyomas. All 72 micromyomas were located in the upper half of the stomach; 22
      (30.6%) were concentrated at the esophago-gastric junction. The predisposed site
      for micromyoma development exactly coincided with that area bearing an inner
      oblique muscle layer. The incidence of microleiomyoma was much lower, 2.2%
      (26/1,208), when specimens obtained by lower partial gastrectomy were studied for
      comparison. This indicated that variation in material investigated may be an
      important factor underlying the large discrepancies noted in previous reports
      concerning the incidence of microleiomyomas of the stomach.

PMID- 3371982
TI  - DNA-aneuploidy in rhabdomyosarcomas as compared with other sarcomas of childhood
      and adolescence.
AB  - In the current study DNA-ploidy was determined in a group of 11 desmin-positive
      rhabdomyosarcomas and found to be aneuploid in all of them. In three cases,
      synchronous metastases could be studied as well. In two of them a hypotetraploid
      peak was observed not present in the primary tumor. In two other cases residual
      tumors obtained after chemotherapy appeared to have DNA-profiles similar to those
      observed in their primary tumors. These findings suggest either a selection of
      metastasizing clones or tumor progression. No apparent selection of clones
      responding to therapy could be established. For comparison, a group of other
      childhood sarcomas (four Ewing's sarcomas, two primitive neuroectodermal tumors,
      and two epithelioid sarcomas) was also studied. All except one of these cases
      appeared to have diploid or near-diploid stemlines. These results suggest that
      DNA-ploidy may be used as an additional criterion in the differential diagnosis
      of childhood sarcomas.

PMID- 3371983
TI  - Prostatic adenocarcinoma: reproducibility and correlation with clinical stages of
      four grading systems.
AB  - One hundred cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate were independently examined
      by light microscopy by three pathologists and graded according to the Gleason,
      Mostofi, Bocking, and MD Anderson systems (MDAH). The results were compared in
      order to establish which one of these classifications was the most reproducible
      and then correlated to the clinical stage in order to determine how accurately
      each classification can predict the spread of the tumors. The MDAH system, based
      on the percentage of gland formation in the tumor, was the easiest to use and
      most reproducible system. On the other hand, the Mostofi and the Bocking systems
      had the best correlation between grade and stage while the MDAH system had the
      worst. The Bocking system was the best grading system when reproducibility and
      accuracy in predicting the prognosis were both taken into account.

PMID- 3371984
TI  - Thromboangiitis obliterans with eosinophilia (Buerger's disease) of the temporal
      arteries.
AB  - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is a nonatherosclerotic,
      inflammatory, occlusive vascular disease occurring almost exclusively in young
      male smokers. It involves principally medium sized and small arteries and veins
      of the lower and upper extremities, and only rarely the visceral and cerebral
      blood vessels. Buerger's disease of the temporal arteries, unassociated with the
      involvement of blood vessels of either the upper or lower extremities has not
      been previously reported. Three such cases, clinically mimicking the classic
      (giant cell) temporal arteritis of the elderly, are described. This unusual
      arterial lesion also bears some resemblance to subcutaneous angiolymphoid
      hyperplasia with eosinophilia (Kimura's disease).

PMID- 3371985
TI  - Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix initially interpreted as high grade sarcoma.
AB  - Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor. A case of carcinosarcoma of
      uterine cervix initially interpreted as sarcoma, NOS, is presented along with
      immunohistochemical findings.

PMID- 3371986
TI  - Malignant lymphomas in Chinese: what is the East-West difference?

PMID- 3371987
TI  - IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis B surface
      antigenemia.

PMID- 3371988
TI  - Merkel cell tumor of the skin.

PMID- 3371989
TI  - Salivary gland lymphadenopathies associated with AIDS.

PMID- 3371990
TI  - [Substance abuse with inhalants].
AB  - In this article, Charles Vaille maintains that for the past two decades there has
      been a renewed outbreak of substance abuse with inhalants among youth throughout
      the world. He asserts that this phenomenon can no longer be considered as limited
      to a few isolated incidents. The volatile substances are common place,
      inexpensive, and unlike other drugs, legal; they are subject to neither
      international nor national controls. The specificity of addicts to inhalants
      renders prevention very difficult. Vaille discusses this point after describing
      the following two types of inhalant addiction: 1. Inhalation of gas fumes: two
      examples of youths inhaling fumes are cited followed by a description of ways in
      which inhaling or "sniffing" is performed. Vaille then presents the short-term
      effects of the "high", both psychological and physical. He then proceeds to
      disclose the harmful long-term effects concluding that addiction due to inhaling
      fumes seems to be developed throughout Europe. 2. Forced hyperventilation: a
      detailed description of how the "game" of forced hyperventilation is played is
      followed by a discussion of its effects on health. In discussing regulatory
      measures, Vaille maintains that a country's first effort at preventing substance
      abuse is to limit and modify the existence of such substances. After describing
      the various means attempted, he concludes that these effects will always result
      in an elusive prevention, due to the extraordinary number of inhalant substances
      as well as the enticing aspect of the "forbidden fruit". Regulatory measures
      offer an answer to those seeking a clear conscience rather than attempting to get
      at the root of the problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3371991
TI  - Role and development of smoking prevention programmes in school.
AB  - In health education the primary issue lies very often in the so-called delayed
      learning: the effects of stimuli do not appear immediately after they have been
      given, they can appear after a long period of time, even years. If learning is
      understood as a life-long process, which is characterized by underpredictability
      of a certain level and by the fact that things learned cannot always be indicated
      by present research methods, the discussion on teaching and learning in school
      might change to a fairly great extent.

PMID- 3371992
TI  - Are smoking behaviours different in industrialized and developing countries?
AB  - Several previous studies in industrialized countries have linked both parents'
      smoking and low-socio-economic status with cigarette smoking in high school
      students. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of
      parental smoking habits and family income with cigarette smoking by Brazilian
      students enrolled in an agricultural high school, in a developing area. As the
      study findings differ, additional studies are necessary to evaluate the
      differences in behaviour between students from developed and less developed
      countries.

PMID- 3371993
TI  - Health education and drug addiction.

PMID- 3371995
TI  - Knowledge and attitude towards genetic screening for sickle cell disease.

PMID- 3371994
TI  - [Smoking in Morocco: an outline of the anti-smoking campaign].
AB  - In Morocco, as in many developing countries, tobacco use has become a plague
      which aggravates the many already existing problems. A coordinated prevention
      programme which included research and a variety of educational efforts, has been
      underway for the past five years. The preliminary stage of the non-smoking
      campaign consisted of research through use of a variety of standardized
      questionnaires. The research results showed tobacco use in Morocco to be the
      following: 23.8% of secondary students are smokers with variation according to
      family, culture, environment and sex (33% male vs. 8.6% female); 33.8% of
      university students smoke, including those in Medical Schools; 52.1% of adults in
      the work environment smoke, including doctors. The rate declines drastically
      among practicing muslims (between the ages of 14 and 65) to 9.8%. The use of
      other drugs is significantly higher in students who use tobacco (25%) than those
      who do not (1.5%). A common factor appeared regardless of age, sex, or
      occupation: there was insufficient information available concerning the harmful
      effects of smoking. An educational campaign was therefore launched. As the youth
      were considered to be the most vulnerable target group, a major part of the
      educational efforts was concentrated on them. A variety of activities was
      implemented including conference-debates using audiovisual supports; radio and
      T.V. broadcasts; contests run with the assistance of the CIPADED (International
      Committee for the Prevention of Alcohol/Drug Dependence). Information of the
      harmful effects of tobacco use was diffused in workplaces, government offices,
      and at public assemblies. Efforts were also implemented to promote adoption of
      legislation which would limit tobacco consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3371996
TI  - The prevention of drug addiction. Why not develop educational programmes to
      tackle the problem at source?International Union for Health Education (IUHE).

PMID- 3371997
TI  - Drug education. Values in a total curriculum.

PMID- 3371998
TI  - Effects of culture media on murine hybridomas: definition of optimal conditions
      for hybridoma viability, cellular proliferation, and antibody production.
AB  - Different cell culture media were compared for their ability to support and
      promote the growth of stable hybridoma cell lines derived from three commonly
      used parental murine myelomas. Supplemented Dulbecco's modified Eagle's media
      (DMEM) and RPMI 1640 media were studied. The DMEM-based media were found to
      support greater numbers of cells for longer time periods than were the RPMI 1640
      based media. Aminopterin supplemented medium was shown to be significantly less
      effective in supporting hybridoma reproduction and viability than medium without
      aminopterin. Antibody levels were directly related to cell concentration and
      viability regardless of the medium used for the hybridoma culture. An optimally
      formulated DMEM-based medium is suggested as the medium of choice for hybridoma
      propagation and maintenance.

PMID- 3371999
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against NIH 3T3 cells transformed by human thyroid
      carcinoma DNA.
AB  - First cycle transformants of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with metastatic human
      thyroid carcinoma DNA were used as immunogen to obtain monoclonal antibodies
      (MAbs) against normal and transformation-related antigens. The transformed cell
      line (M33) was shown to contain Alu sequences. Two MAbs were selected on the
      basis of their differential reactivity toward untreated NIH 3T3 cells or the
      transformed M33 cell line. By immunofluorescence, immunoelectronmicroscopy and
      biochemical analysis, the first MAb (MTr1) was demonstrated to recognize an
      epitope on cytoskeletal filaments of proliferating murine fibroblasts. Similar
      MTr1-labelled filaments were also found to accumulate into cytoplast-like
      structures spontaneously produced by M33 cells. The characterization by
      immunofluorescence of MTr2, the second MAb, indicates that it recognizes a
      specific human antigen associated with normal thyroid epithelial cells and
      differentiated thyroid tumors.

PMID- 3372001
TI  - Mouse monoclonal antibodies with restricted specificity for human renal cell
      carcinoma and ability to modulate the tumor cell growth in vitro.
AB  - Three mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), KRC-1, -2 and -3(IgG1) were produced
      against cultured cells of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. All of
      them had restricted specificity for subset of RCC, but did not react with other
      tumor cell lines, tumor and normal tissues including kidney. The effect of these
      MAbs on the tumor cell growth in vitro was examined both in soft agar and in
      plate culture systems. All of them showed modulator effect on the tumor cell
      growth: KRC-1 showed stimulation effect and others, KRC-2 and -3, suppression one
      in the both systems. The specificity was observed in the modulator effects. KRC-1
      detected a 135 kd glycoprotein in immunoblotting. KRC-2 detected a high molecular
      weight antigen (ca. 1200 kd) in gel filtration. All the antigens showed affinity
      for Con A lectin. Molecular properties of the antigens appeared to be different
      from those of previously reported RCC-associated antigens. The three MAbs seem to
      be useful to study mechanism of growth regulation in transformed cells.

PMID- 3372000
TI  - The antitumor monoclonal antibody MOv2 recognizes the Lewis A hapten.
AB  - Monoclonal antibody MOv2, produced against ovarian carcinoma, was previously
      found to bind a carbohydrate epitope (CAMOv2) present on mucins, glycoproteins
      and a neutral glycolipid. In this paper, the structure of the carbohydrate
      epitope is determined by immunological reactivity with purified glycolipids and
      oligosaccharides. Using solid-phase radioimmunoassay and immunostaining of thin
      layer chromatograms, MOv2 binds strongly to Le(a)-active pentasaccharide
      ceramide. A smaller neutral glycolipid also weakly binds MOv2. Fifty percent
      inhibition of binding to Le(a)-active pentasaccharide ceramide is achieved with
      approximately 8 microM concentration of lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNF II). Lacto-N
      tetraose (LNT) also partially inhibits at about 10(3) times higher concentration
      suggesting that the faster migrating glycolipid antigen contains this
      carbohydrate sequence. Binding to Le(a)-active hapten is further confirmed by the
      specific inhibition of binding by authentic anti-Le(a) monoclonal antibodies but
      not by anti-Le(b) MOv2 antibody in a serum assay among healthy blood donors also
      supports these results. In conclusion, we have obtained direct evidence from
      several independent experiments that antibody MOv2 recognizes the Le(a)-active
      hapten.

PMID- 3372002
TI  - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against DNA single ring
      diamines adducts.
AB  - The synthetic conjugate of the genotoxic compound 2,4 diaminotoluene (2,4 DAT)
      with gelatin (2,4 DAT-GEL) was employed to elicit specific antibodies directed
      against a restricted class of aromatic diamines. Using this immunogen, mouse
      monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been produced. These MAbs have been
      characterized and used in ELISA to detect 2,4 DAT covalently linked to
      biopolymers. The MAbs could bind to different synthetic 2,4 DAT-biopolymer
      adducts as well as to DNA from rats treated in vivo with the aromatic diamine,
      but they did not react with gelatin or biopolymers alone. The use of these MAbs
      has been investigated in order to develop a highly sensitive test to detect
      adducts of this genotoxic compound with nuclear DNA.

PMID- 3372003
TI  - Enrichment and selection of hybrid hybridomas by Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation and fluorescent-activated cell sorting.
AB  - Hybrid hybridomas, producing bi-specific monoclonal antibodies that react with
      horseradish peroxidase and human IgA1 were isolated by sorting the double
      fluorescent cells on single-cell basis after fusion of two hybridomas, previously
      labelled green or red by octadecylamine-FITC or -TRITC, respectively. The double
      fluorescent fused cells were significantly different in AXL (size) and RAS
      (internal structure) distribution compared with the (non-fused) mono-fluorescent
      cells. The percentage of double-fluorescent cells and the viability of these
      cells could be increased by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. As a result,
      there was an 8-fold increase of total isolated hybrid hybridomas (up to 30% of
      all tested clones) compared to isolations without Percoll density gradient
      centrifugation. All the isolated hybrid hybridoma clones had similar amounts of
      DNA, equal to the sum of the DNA of both parental hybridomas.

PMID- 3372004
TI  - The rejection of thyroid allografts in the ovine testis.
AB  - The survival of thyroid autografts and allografts in the ovine testis has been
      investigated. Thyroid autografts survived and concentrated iodine 4 weeks after
      transplantation. Healthy colloid-containing follicles were found in the graft at
      this time, although no response of the grafts to a thyrotropin releasing hormone
      (TRH) challenge could be detected and there was no detectable basal thyroxine
      secretion into testicular venous blood or lymph. Thyroid allografts, however,
      were effectively rejected within 4 weeks of transplantation and did not
      concentrate iodine. No healthy tissue in the allografts could be found at 4 weeks
      after transplantation. Thus, in contrast to rodents and related species, the
      ovine testis does not appear to be an immunologically privileged site. This
      suggests that the immune privileged status of the rodent testis is not
      necessarily a general mammalian characteristic.

PMID- 3372005
TI  - Specific in vitro anti-tumour activity of methotrexate-monoclonal antibody
      conjugates prepared using human serum albumin as an intermediary.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist widely used in the treatment of
      cancer but, like other such agents, has non-specific toxic side effects. With the
      aim of reducing these toxic effects, MTX was coupled to monoclonal antibodies
      (MoAb) in one of two ways; either (a) directly using an active ester derivative
      or (b) via human serum albumin (HSA), to act as an intermediary and so increase
      the amount of MTX bound. The MTX coupled directly to anti-Ly-2.1 antibody had
      approximately 10 molecules of MTX per antibody molecule, whereas the HSA coupled
      material had 24 molecules of MTX per antibody molecule. After coupling MTX
      directly to antibody there was a loss of potency of the MTX, and MTX-MoAb
      conjugates were 30-fold less potent than free MTX, although the antibody-coupled
      material was more specific than free MTX and bound only to the antibody-reactive
      target cells. By contrast, the MTX-HSA-MoAb conjugates were 3.5 times less potent
      than free MTX and were 8.5 times more potent than MTX-MoAb conjugates. Thus, by
      increasing the amount of drug bound to antibody, more toxic conjugates were made-
      an important principle for the use of such conjugates for the treatment of cancer
      in man.

PMID- 3372006
TI  - HLA (class I) antigens on platelets are involved in platelet function.
AB  - HLA (Class I) antigens are ubiquitous in their cellular distribution and, while
      their function in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted phenomena are
      clear, their function on other cells, such as platelets, is not so obvious. We
      now report that several anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies (including an anti-beta 2
      microglobulin antibody) selectively affect platelet function in that three
      different anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies caused not only the aggregation of human
      platelets, but also caused the release of 14C-serotonin. In addition, the anti
      HLA antibodies could selectively block the binding of several platelet agonists
      such as collagen, adrenalin, ADP, but not the binding of others such as thrombin
      and arachidonic acid. In blocking studies there also appeared to be an
      association between platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa and HLA Class I antigens. We
      propose that both heavy and light chains of Class I HLA antigens on platelets may
      be involved in platelet aggregation and release and suggest an additional role
      for HLA antigens on platelets.

PMID- 3372007
TI  - Sulfhydryl groups generated by macrophages into the culture medium.
AB  - Previous data showing that thiols can functionally replace macrophages in certain
      in vitro lymphocyte reactions have raised the possibility that macrophages
      generate SH groups in the medium. The SH activity of cell-free medium decreases
      considerably due to auto-oxidation. The presence of macrophages inhibited the
      spontaneous decrease of SH activity and even increased the number of free SH
      groups in the culture media. This was designated as SH generation. Resident as
      well as in vivo stimulated (NaIO4, thioglycollate medium, paraffin oil or BCG)
      macrophages have nearly the same capacity to generate SH groups when cultured in
      vitro. The SH-generating ability of macrophages depends on the viability and
      density of cells, and is greatly influenced by the serum concentration of the
      media. The majority of SH groups produced by macrophages could be demonstrated as
      albumin SH groups and proved to be more resistant to autooxidation than non
      protein thiols. Moreover albumin could replace whole serum in respect of SH
      generation. It is suggested that macrophages by generating SH activity, may exert
      a non-specific helper function to lymphocytes or other cells in their
      environment.

PMID- 3372008
TI  - Regulation of immunoglobulin isotype expression in mice by antibodies in immune
      complexes.
AB  - Fc-dependent regulation of humoral immune responses was investigated by
      immunization of BALB/c mice with immune complexes. These complexes were composed
      of DNP- and PC-conjugated KLH or Ficoll, and monoclonal T15 idiotype-positive
      anti-PC antibodies of different isotypes but indistinguishable V-region
      properties. Since the response to DNP was analyzed, effects due to masking of
      antigenic determinants by anti-PC antibodies are excluded. The responses to free
      and complexed antigens showed significant differences in the proportions of DNP
      specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies. Complexes containing the T
      dependent carrier KLH elicited serum antibodies to DNP with significantly
      decreased IgM levels, irrespective of the isotype in the complex. Under these
      conditions, however, DNP-specific IgG classes were augmented to various extents,
      depending on the isotype in the complex. In the case of the T-independent carrier
      Ficoll, only complexes with IgM or IgG3 suppressed the IgM response. Moreover,
      immunization with complexes composed of IgM or IgG2a led to a significant
      decrease of DNP-specific IgG1. In contrast to changes induced by antibodies bound
      to the T-dependent antigen, immunization with T-independent complexes did not
      enhance the production of any of the immunoglobulin isotypes.

PMID- 3372009
TI  - Autoimmune diseases other than lupus share common anti-DNA idiotypes.
AB  - We examined the sera of 170 patients with various autoimmune diseases other than
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for the presence of an anti-DNA antibody
      idiotype termed 16/6 and known to occur with high frequency in sera of patients
      with SLE. The idiotype was found in 6/15 sera from patients with polymyositis
      (49%), 3/18 with multiple sclerosis (17%), 3/18 with primary Sjogren's syndrome
      (18%), 9/40 with autoimmune thyroid diseases (23%), 2/35 with myasthenia gravis
      (6%), and 3/42 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (7%). The idiotype was not
      detected among 12 patients with scleroderma or 77 normal controls. The presence
      of the 16/6 idiotype was associated with the presence of another anti-DNA
      idiotype termed 134-Id. Serum samples were also tested for activity against DNA,
      various synthetic polynucleotides, and cardiolipin. The serum activity against
      these antigens was found to be polyspecific, though overlap in reaction against
      the various polynucleotides was not absolute. The 16/6 idiotype is thought to be
      coded by a germline gene. The presence of this idiotype in various autoimmune
      diseases points to a pathophysiologic link between the diseases.

PMID- 3372010
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against human recombinant tumor necrosis factor: prevention
      of endotoxic shock.
AB  - Six murine monoclonal antibodies, AT-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were produced against
      human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (gamma TNF). AT-1, -2, -3, -4, and -6
      were IgG1, and AT-5 was IgG2a. AT-1, -2, and -3 neutralized the activity of gamma
      TNF (2 X 10(3) U/ml) over a range of dilutions between 5 and 500 micrograms/ml of
      IgG, while AT-4, -5 and -6 failed to neutralize the activity in these
      concentrations. All the antibodies showed immunoprecipitating activity for gamma
      TNF (2 X 10(3) U/ml) over a range of dilutions between 0.5 and 500 micrograms/ml.
      The AT-6 was weaker than the rest. AT-1, which neutralized gamma TNF activity
      efficiently, and AT-4, which did not neutralize the activity, were used to
      protect mice against endotoxic shock. AT-1 protected mice from the lethal effects
      of endotoxin, while AT-4 failed to do so. AT-1, -2, and -3 also neutralized the
      activity of human and mouse natural TNF. AT-1, -2, and -3 neutralized the
      activity of gamma TNF, but not that of lymphotoxin (LT) and interferon (IFN).

PMID- 3372011
TI  - Human immunoglobulin D segments: isolation of a new D segment and polymorphic
      deletion of the D1 segment.
AB  - We have isolated and identified a new human germline D segment which is not
      physically linked to the known D cluster. The nucleotide sequence of the new D
      segment was highly homologous with the known D segments. Frequent polymorphic
      deletion of the D1 segment was found in the Japanese population. Nucleotide
      sequences surrounding the deletion indicate that homologous recombination is
      likely to be responsible for the deletion of the D1 segment.

PMID- 3372012
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies reacting with gliadin as tools for assessing antigenic
      structure responsible for exacerbation of celiac disease.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with gliadin were prepared by fusion of spleen
      cells isolated from gliadin-immunized BALB/c mice with myeloma cells. The
      reactivity of mAbs with different preparations of gliadin and their enzymatic
      digest were measured using ELISA method. The mAb produced by GL 1 clone was shown
      to react preferentially with alpha-gliadin and its enzymatic digest.

PMID- 3372013
TI  - Immunological properties of chemically produced fragments of rye grass pollen
      extract.
AB  - Two fragment pools, one of MW greater than 10,000 and the other of MW between
      1,000 and 10,000, were prepared by the sequential treatment of rye grass pollen
      extract with cyanogen bromide (cleavage at Met-X) and 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic
      acid (cleavage at X-Cys). Electrophoretic analysis of the two pools showed that
      none of the major components of the whole extract remained intact.
      Characterisation of the two fragment pools by radioimmunoassay showed that whilst
      they both lost the ability to bind to human anti-rye IgE antibodies, they largely
      retained their reactivity towards both human and mouse anti-rye IgG antibodies.
      In addition, the higher molecular weight pool retained its ability to stimulate
      extract-specific T cells, after accessory cell processing. This separation of the
      immunological properties of rye grass pollen extract by chemical cleavage is seen
      as a basis for the development of novel immunotherapy agents.

PMID- 3372014
TI  - Clinicoradiological status of patients of pulmonary tuberculosis after adequate
      treatment.

PMID- 3372015
TI  - Antigenic variation of Giardia lamblia in vivo.
AB  - A single Giardia lamblia trophozoite can give rise in vitro to G. lamblia with
      varying surface antigens. To determine whether antigenic variation also occurs in
      vivo, gerbils were inoculated with defined G. lamblia clones and the surface
      antigens of the intestinal trophozoites were studied at different times during
      the infection. The proportion of monoclonal antibody 6E7-reacting trophozoites
      from WB C1-6E7S-inoculated gerbils had decreased significantly by day 3
      postinoculation, indicating the presence of a heterogeneous population. On day 7,
      the 170-kilodalton antigen was no longer present and was replaced by a variety of
      antigens, including a major protein of 92 kilodaltons. With the exception of
      isolates from gerbils inoculated with WB A6-6E7S, the banding patterns of G.
      lamblia isolated from gerbils on day 7 or later were the same regardless of the
      clones used for inoculation. These studies show that G. lamblia changes its
      surface antigen(s) in vivo within 7 days following inoculation and appears to
      maintain the same set of surface antigens during the course of infection.

PMID- 3372016
TI  - Isolation and characterization of auxotrophic mutants of Legionella pneumophila
      that fail to multiply in human monocytes.
AB  - Attempts to isolate auxotrophic mutants of Legionella pneumophila have been
      hampered by the complex nutritional composition of the media used to cultivate
      this organism. We developed a semidefined medium, designated CAA, to facilitate
      the isolation and characterization of Legionella auxotrophs. Unlike previously
      described chemically defined media for this organism, L. pneumophila formed
      colonies on CAA agar. Using this medium, we isolated several independent
      tryptophan auxotrophs of strain Philadelphia-1 after ethyl methanesulfonate
      mutagenesis and penicillin enrichment. Trimethoprim selection was used to isolate
      several independent thymidine-requiring mutants of the same strain. The thymidine
      auxotrophs exhibited a marked decrease in viability when they were deprived of
      thymidine. The results of monocyte infection experiments with both the tryptophan
      and thymidine auxotrophs indicated that the thymidine auxotrophs were incapable
      of intracellular survival or multiplication. In contrast, the tryptophan
      auxotrophs grew well in monocyte cultures. The isolation of additional
      auxotrophic mutants will facilitate the study of the nutritional requirements of
      L. pneumophila for growth in human mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 3372017
TI  - Emergence in gnotobiotic mice of nontoxinogenic clones of Clostridium difficile
      from a toxinogenic one.
AB  - In previous studies, we showed that diet composition or Saccharomyces boulardii
      ingestion could protect gnotobiotic mice against lethal Clostridium difficile
      infection. Using an original method, we detected nontoxinogenic clones from feces
      of protected mice challenged with a toxinogenic clone of C. difficile. These
      clones became established at the same level as the toxinogenic one after about 30
      days. In these protected mice bearing nontoxinogenic clones, no enterotoxin
      production could be detected and cytotoxin titers were highly reduced. These
      nontoxinogenic clones were genetically stable because nontoxinogenic clones and
      clones that produce intermediate levels of toxins in vivo did not revert to toxin
      production, even after repeated culture in vitro. Furthermore, the nontoxinogenic
      clones were shown to arise from a single toxinogenic clone and were identical to
      that clone in metabolic patterns and antibiotic sensitivity tests. When mice fed
      a nonprotective diet were challenged with a nontoxinogenic or intermediate clone,
      they remained healthy and no toxin production could be detected in their feces.
      Moreover, these mice were protected against further infections with toxinogenic
      strains of C. difficile, and a strong antagonism between nontoxinogenic and
      toxinogenic clones was observed.

PMID- 3372018
TI  - Immunization of cattle with a 36-kilodalton surface protein induces protection
      against homologous and heterologous Anaplasma marginale challenge.
AB  - Immunization of cattle with a purified Anaplasma marginale major surface protein,
      AmF36, induced protection against homologous challenge with the Florida isolate.
      Similarly, immunized cattle were protected from challenge with the antigenically
      and structurally distinct Washington-O isolate of A. marginale. The degree of
      protection in AmF36-immunized cattle varied from complete prevention of
      rickettsemia to significant delay in the onset of rickettsemia compared with
      control immunized cattle. A single AmF36 vaccinate was not protected against
      homologous challenge despite development of a strong antibody response.
      Immunoprecipitation of A. marginale proteins with a monoclonal antibody to AmF36
      identified minor molecular size heterogeneity in this protein from different
      isolates, including the Florida and Washington-O isolates. The apparent molecular
      size of this surface protein in the Florida isolate was 36 kilodaltons, whereas
      the analogous proteins in Washington-O and four other isolates of A. marginale
      from the United States had molecular masses of 33 to 34 kilodaltons.
      Significantly, the surface-exposed peptides of these proteins appear to be
      conserved among the different isolates. These results demonstrate the potential
      of AmF36 as a subunit immunogen for bovine anaplasmosis and indicate a structural
      basis for its cross-protective ability.

PMID- 3372019
TI  - Identification of immunogenic outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida
      3:A in rabbits.
AB  - Four groups of protective rabbit immune sera were used to identify Pasteurella
      multocida outer membrane immunogens by a radioimmunoprecipitation procedure and
      Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. These are rabbit hyperimmune sera against
      KSCN extract of P. multocida (group 1) and rabbit immune sera against the KSCN
      extract of P. multocida (group 2), the outer membrane of P. multocida (group 3),
      and live P. multocida cells (group 4). Rabbits mounted an antibody response to 18
      proteins found in the outer membrane of P. multocida, and the major antibody
      activities were directed to the 27,000-molecular-weight outer membrane protein
      (27K protein), as well as the 37.5K, 49.5K, 58.7K, and 64.4K outer membrane
      proteins. These outer membrane immunogens appear to be exposed on the cell
      surface and accessible to antibodies, since adsorption of these immune sera with
      intact P. multocida cells resulted in a significant reduction of antibody
      activities directed against these proteins, especially the 37.5K protein.
      Antibodies eluted from immune serum-P. multocida cell complexes were reactive to
      the 37.5K immunogen, confirming that this protein is exposed on cell surface and
      accessible to antibodies. Western blot analyses with group 1, 3, and 4 immune
      sera confirmed that the 27K, 37.5K, 49.5K, 58.7K, and 64.4K proteins are the
      major outer membrane immunogens of P. multocida in rabbits. Lung lavages of
      immunized rabbits also contained similar antibody activities directed against
      several outer membrane proteins, with major activities against the 37.5K and
      64.4K proteins.

PMID- 3372020
TI  - Chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - The chemotactic behavior of Campylobacter jejuni was determined in the presence
      of different amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and preparations and
      constituents of mucin and bile. L-Fucose was the only carbohydrate and L
      aspartate, L-cysteine, L-glutamate, and L-serine were the only amino acids
      producing a chemotactic (positive) response. Several salts of organic acids,
      including pyruvate, succinate, fumarate, citrate, malate, and alpha
      ketoglutarate, were also chemoattractants, as were bile (beef, chicken, and
      oxgall) and mucin (bovine gallbladder and hog gastric). Most constituents of bile
      tested individually were chemorepellents, but the mucin component was
      chemoattractant. The chemotactic behavior of C. jejuni toward L-fucose, a
      constituent of both bile and mucin, may be an important factor in the affinity of
      the organism for the gallbladder and intestinal tract.

PMID- 3372022
TI  - Increased production of the siderophore anguibactin mediated by pJM1-like
      plasmids in Vibrio anguillarum.
AB  - The virulence of the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum 775 is mediated by the pJM1
      plasmid-specified iron uptake system which is expressed under conditions of iron
      limitation. Other V. anguillarum strains isolated from various geographical
      locations harbor plasmids that are highly related to pJM1 and that are also
      associated with the high-virulence phenotype of these strains. In this work, we
      found that a pJM1-like plasmid, pJHC1, from one of these virulent strains encoded
      an iron uptake system that resulted in an increased level of production of the
      siderophore anguibactin. The gene(s) responsible for increased anguibactin
      production was included within the iron uptake region of plasmid pJHC1. The
      cloned iron uptake regions of pJHC1 and pJM1 possessed identical restriction
      endonuclease maps, suggesting that the DNA region encoding those genes in pJHC1
      may have diverged subtly from that in pJM1. Analysis of the iron uptake system
      from other V. anguillarum strains carrying pJM1-like plasmids demonstrated that
      strains originating from diseased fish from the Atlantic coast carry plasmids
      encoding an increased-siderophore-production phenotype, while strains isolated
      from Pacific Ocean locations behaved as the 775 strain.

PMID- 3372021
TI  - Molecular size variations in an immunoprotective protein complex among isolates
      of Anaplasma marginale.
AB  - A major surface protein complex from the Florida isolate of Anaplasma marginale
      has been previously shown to induce protection in immunized cattle and has been
      proposed as the basis of a subunit vaccine against anaplasmosis. This complex in
      the Florida isolate is composed of two noncovalently associated polypeptides with
      molecular masses of 105 and 100 kilodaltons (kDa). The analogous protein complex
      from four geographically different isolates of A. marginale was
      immunoprecipitated and compared with the protein complex of the Florida isolate.
      The polypeptides of the complex varied in apparent molecular mass among the
      isolates. By using antibodies recognizing epitopes on each polypeptide of the
      Florida isolate, the antigenic identity of the polypeptides in the analogous
      complexes was determined. The polypeptides recognized by the neutralizing
      monoclonal antibody 22B1, which recognizes a 105-kDa polypeptide in the Florida
      isolate, ranged from 70 to 100 kDa in the other isolates. Those polypeptides
      recognized by rabbit antiserum R911, which recognizes a 100-kDa polypeptide in
      the Florida isolate, ranged from 97 to 100 kDa. The surface-exposed peptides in
      the complexes were compared by limited enzymatic digestion to assess structural
      homology among isolates. Despite the marked variations in molecular weight, there
      were conserved peptides between the 22B1-reactive polypeptides and between the
      R911-reactive peptides. Determination of the role of the conserved peptides in
      inducing immunity will be critical in the application of these polypeptides as
      the basis of a subunit vaccine for bovine anaplasmosis.

PMID- 3372024
TI  - In vitro activity of flomoxef in comparison to other cephalosporins.
AB  - Flomoxef and cefazolin had nearly the same activity against staphylococci, which
      was stronger than that of other cephalosporins. Against Streptococcus pyogenes,
      Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, cefotaxime and cefazolin
      were more active than flomoxef, but the other cephamycins were less active than
      flomoxef. In comparison to the other cephalosporins, latamoxef and flomoxef had
      higher activity against Branhamella catarrhalis, whereas cefotaxime, latamoxef
      and cefotetan were more active against Haemophilus influenzae. Flomoxef was the
      only drug exhibiting activity against Clostridium difficile. The activity of
      flomoxef and latamoxef against Bacteroides fragilis was stronger than that of the
      other cephalosporins, but Bacteroides bivius was resistant to each of these
      antibiotics.

PMID- 3372023
TI  - Ultrastructural study of entry of Chlamydia strain TWAR into HeLa cells.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of the entry of Chlamydia strain TWAR into HeLa cells
      showed that the elementary bodies first attach to host cells by the pointed end,
      secure other binding sites on the host cells by forming cell wall protrusions,
      enter host cells by invaginating the host cell membrane, and form vacuolated
      endocytic vesicles. Differences were demonstrated between TWAR and other
      chlamydiae in the mode of attachment and endocytosis.

PMID- 3372025
TI  - Determination of cefpirome (HR 810) in serum and urine.
AB  - Cefpirome (HR 810) is a new cephalosporin under clinical investigation. Specific
      and sensitive HPLC- and agar-diffusion methods were developed for the
      determination of serum- and urine concentrations. The methods are fully validated
      according to the IFCC Recommendations on Quality Control in Clinical Chemistry.
      In order to demonstrate the usefulness of both methods, pharmacokinetic profiles
      of cefpirome after 1 g i.v. administration to human volunteers are presented.

PMID- 3372027
TI  - Ciprofloxacin--an advance in antimicrobial therapy.

PMID- 3372026
TI  - Clindamycin for colonization and infection by methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Effective antimicrobial therapy for infection or colonization by methicillin
      resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is very limited. In some institutions, the
      majority of strains remain susceptible to clindamycin in vitro. We report five
      patients with colonization or infection of varying severity caused by MRSA who
      had the organism successfully eradicated by clindamycin. In one patient who had
      an MRSA infection that persisted during vancomycin therapy clindamycin therapy
      was able to finally eradicate the organism. Clindamycin should be seriously
      considered as alternative therapy for colonization or infection by MRSA.

PMID- 3372028
TI  - Ciprofloxacin concentrations in tonsils following single or multiple
      administrations.
AB  - Penetration of ciprofloxacin into human tonsils was studied in 20 adult humans
      undergoing tonsilectomy. Ten patients received a single intravenous infusion of
      200 mg ciprofloxacin within 15 min (group A) and 14 patients were treated orally
      for three days with 500 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. prior to a preoperative infusion
      of 200 mg (group B). Ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum and tonsils were
      determined microbiologically. Mean ciprofloxacin serum concentrations did not
      differ significantly between both groups. Similarly, mean distribution ratios
      between tonsils and serum were not dissimilar, being on average 150% irrespective
      of whether the drug was administered once or repeatedly. Thus, a significant
      accumulation of ciprofloxacin was not observed either in the intravascular or in
      the extravascular space.

PMID- 3372029
TI  - Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in gynecological
      tissues.
AB  - In a prospective pharmacokinetic study the serum and tissue concentrations of
      ciprofloxacin (Bay O9867), a new carboxyquinolone antimicrobial agent were
      studied. 22 patients were given 300 mg ciprofloxacin i. v. before the operation
      (group A), and 19 patients were premedicated with 500 mg ciprofloxacin orally
      twice daily for three days followed by 300 mg i. v. preoperatively. Tissue
      samples weighing approximately 2 g were taken from the fallopian tubes, the
      ovaries, the fundus myometrium and the cervix. Ciprofloxacin concentrations were
      measured biologically by the cup plate agar diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin
      concentrations in serum and gynecological tissues were within the same range in
      both groups. Maximal serum concentrations of 6 and 4 mg/l, respectively, were
      recorded immediately after infusion. After 2 h serum concentrations ranged from
      0.6 to 1.3 mg/l in both groups. At the same time, the tissue concentrations
      ranged from 0.62 to 3.3 mg/kg, indicating that tissue levels exceed corresponding
      serum concentrations. On average ciprofloxacin is concentrated in the
      extravascular space two-fold, as compared to the corresponding serum
      concentrations. There is no drug accumulation. The tissue concentrations obtained
      provide a full antibacterial coverage for gynecological infections, since the MIC
      for the most pathogenic bacteria is less than 1 mg/l.

PMID- 3372030
TI  - Investigation on renal tolerability of ciprofloxacin with tests based on
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - The results obtained during the investigation on the excretion of nine urinary
      antigens originating in the kidney and characterized by monoclonal antibodies and
      of the brush-border marker-enzyme alanine aminopeptidase in the urine of 12
      volunteers before and during the administration of therapeutic doses of
      ciprofloxacin on seven consecutive days gave no indication that this drug exerts
      tubulo-toxic side effects. The mean excretion curves showed no significant
      increases during ciprofloxacin treatment for any of the nine kidney-derived
      antigens. The measured antigen-excretion courses correlated with the curve of the
      excretion of AAP, which was measured as a marker for the brush border of the
      proximal tubule, and also with the course of the fluid elimination. There was no
      indication of selective damage to the distal section of the tubular apparatus
      resulting from possible crystalluria. These results, as well as the fact that all
      the other laboratory parameters were within the normal range, indicate that the
      kidney function of the volunteers was normal during the observation period and
      that ciprofloxacin is tolerated by the kidney.

PMID- 3372031
TI  - Health problems among operators of plastic welding machines and exposure to
      radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
AB  - To study possible medical effects of high radiofrequency radiation (RF), 113
      Swedish men and women were studied by means of a structured interview and rating
      of subjective symptoms. A test session was included in order to examine
      coordination and muscular function of the hands. A neurological test concerning
      two-point discrimination (2-PD) was also done. As referents, 23 women, sewing
      machine operators and assembly workers, were chosen, interviewed and likewise
      tested. Exposure measurements were taken of the RF fields around the welding
      machines. The present Swedish ceiling value of 250 W/m2 for the equivalent power
      density was exceeded in more than 50% of the machines. The highest leakage
      fields, both for electric and magnetic fields, were found near machines used in
      factories for ready-made clothing, which gave a high exposure to the hands.
      Irritative eye symptoms were reported by 23% of the men and 40% of the women. A
      group of 27 persons was selected for a clinical eye examination and checked by
      photographs, and nine persons had modest conjunctivitis. A high prevalence of
      numbness in hands, especially among women, was found. A significantly impaired 2
      PD was found in the exposed women as compared to the referent group. The
      pregnancy outcome for 305 female plastic welders during 1974-1984 did not show
      any significant differences with the Swedish average concerning malformation or
      prenatal mortality.

PMID- 3372033
TI  - Heart rate patterns in sedentary shift work: influence of circadian rhythm, meals
      and personality.
AB  - Heart rate was recorded at regular intervals during the course of 8-h sessions of
      simulated sedentary shift work performed for 12 consecutive days. Separate groups
      of subjects were assigned to one of three shifts, commencing either at 0400 hours
      ("morning" shift), 0800 hours ("day" shift) or 2200 hours ("night" shift). A
      major meal was taken during a break in the middle of each shift. In all groups
      heart rate fell during the pre-break period, but rose after the break in response
      to the meal. This pattern remained constant over the 12-day period in the morning
      and day shift groups, but in the night shift group a progressive rise in the
      general level of the readings, caused mainly by the adjustment of the circadian
      rhythm to the altered sleep/wake cycle, was accompanied by systematic changes in
      the extent of both the pre-break fall and the post-meal rise. Comparison with the
      results of a control study of 24-h variation in base heart rate suggested that
      differential responses to the meal observed in the three shift groups may have
      been due, at least in part, to differences in their personality make-up. It is
      concluded that, although systematic patterns of heart rate can be observed in
      sedentary shift work, both the timing of the shift and the personality of the
      subject must be taken into account when assessing the changes in physiological
      state likely to occur during work sessions that include a major break for
      refreshment.

PMID- 3372032
TI  - Changes in hearing, cardiovascular functions, haemodynamics, upright body sway,
      urinary catecholamines and their correlates after prolonged successive exposures
      to complex environmental conditions.
AB  - This study deals with changes in temporary threshold shifts of hearing (TTS2),
      cardiovascular functions (HR, SBP, DBP, PP, RWA), haemodynamic activity (HDI),
      upright body sway (VUBSA), ratios of urinary catecholamines (10A/DA, 10NA/DA,
      A/NA, NA/A) and correlations between these changes in complex exposure
      situations. The study was carried out in a special exposure chamber on 60 healthy
      male students. It was based on a factorial experimental design with a total of 12
      exposure combinations. Each individual experiment took 6 h with a pause of 1 h at
      noon. There were 12 sequential exposure periods lasting 16 min each. A pause of 4
      min followed each exposure period. The subjects were exposed to noise and whole
      body vibration at two different dry bulb temperatures. Noise classes were: (1) no
      noise, and (2) stable broad-band noise of 90 dBA. Vibration classes were: (1) no
      vibration, (2) a sinusoidal 5 Hz vibration, and (3) a stochastic vibration with a
      frequency range of 2.8 to 11.2 Hz along the Z-axis and with an acceleration of
      2.12 m/s2. Temperature classes were: (1) 20 degrees C and (2) 35 degrees C.
      Changes in body functions were registered during the pauses. Urine samples were
      gathered for the morning and afternoon sessions and for the preceding and the
      following night of the test. The changes were dependent on the combinations of
      noise, vibration and temperature to which the subjects were exposed. The TTS2
      values at 4 kHz were associated with the HDI-values when subjects were exposed
      simultaneously to noise and stochastic vibration at 35 degrees C. The TTS2 values
      at 6 kHz were associated most strongly with the HDI values after exposure to a
      combination of noise, stochastic or sinusoidal vibration and a temperature of 20
      degrees C. The TTS2 values at 4 and 6 kHz correlated positively with the NA/A
      ratio when subjects were exposed to noise at 35 degrees C. The association
      between TTS2 values and the 10A/NA ratio and especially the A/NA ratio was very
      strong when subjects had been simultaneously exposed to noise and sinusoidal or
      stochastic vibration at 35 degrees C. Furthermore, the highest positive
      correlation coefficients were found between TTS2 values at 4 kHz and VUBSA values
      in the X-direction when subjects had been exposed to noise or simultaneously to
      noise and sinusoidal vibration at 20 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372034
TI  - Occupational noise exposure during pregnancy: a case control study.
AB  - The possible effects of occupational noise on human pregnancy were examined in a
      case-control study. The case groups consisted of 284 women with premature
      deliveries and of 299 women with full-term, low birth weight infants (below the
      25th centile), each case having a matched pair. The whole material, all cases and
      controls included, comprised 1166 women. The percentage of employment in the
      whole material was 77.8; there were no differences between the case women and
      their controls. Rather few women (N = 26; 3.5%) reported occupational noise
      (greater than or equal to 81 dB; Leq(A)8h) during their pregnancies and our study
      revealed no significant difference between the cases (N = 14) and the controls (N
      = 12) with regard to noise exposure. Because of the small number of exposed women
      conclusions have to be drawn carefully. Nevertheless, noise cannot be regarded as
      a major risk for prematurity or low birth weight of human newborns in Finnish
      society. The women with reported noise exposure had significantly more
      inconvenience at work than other working women. They also had significantly more
      numerous and longer sick leaves than other working women.

PMID- 3372035
TI  - Correlation between vibration-induced white finger and symptoms of upper and
      lower extremities in vibration syndrome.
AB  - The correlation was investigated between the frequency of attacks of vibration
      induced white finger (VWF) and numbness or coldness of the fingers and legs in
      patients with vibration syndrome. Some 1687 patients with vibration syndrome were
      examined and of these 342 chain-saw operators and 277 rock-drill operators had no
      disease other than vibration syndrome. Then subjects were matched by age and
      period of treatment within three years. In the last analysis, 20 in the VWF
      "almost everyday" group or in the "never" group, and 40 in the "occasionally"
      group were selected from the chain-saw operators, and from the rock-drill
      operators 32 in the VWF "everyday" or the "never" group and 64 in the
      "occasionally" group. The present study showed that, with the frequency of VWF
      attacks, patients had a higher prevalence of coldness not only in the fingers but
      also in the legs. These findings suggest a correlation between the severity of
      circulatory disturbances of the upper extremities and that of the lower ones in
      patients with vibration syndrome. Further studies on circulatory disturbances in
      the leg are required.

PMID- 3372036
TI  - Muscle strength and muscle endurance of middle-aged women and men associated to
      type, duration and intensity of muscular load at work.
AB  - Muscle strength and muscle endurance in groups with different occupational
      muscular load was studied among 60 women and 69 men. The mean age of the subjects
      was 52.0 +/- 3.4 years. Isometric grip and trunk strength were measured on
      dynamometers, and dynamic muscle endurance by sit-ups. A job analysis was done
      with the AET method including the assessment of intensity, duration and type of
      muscular work of each subject. According to the job analysis, the subjects were
      classified into groups with low or high muscular load at work. The maximal
      isometric hand grip strength of women with a load classified as long duration of
      static or dynamic load on the hands at work was 86 and 88%, respectively of the
      strength of those with a load of short duration. The women with high intensity in
      static work had a grip strength of 86% of those with low intensity. These
      differences in strength among women between the high and low load groups were
      statistically significant (P less than 0.05). No other statistically significant
      differences in muscle strength or muscle endurance between the high and low work
      load groups were found, although the high work load group had systematically the
      lowest muscle strength and muscle endurance in almost all comparisons. Muscle
      strength and muscle endurance was, however, not a discriminating factor between
      the group classifications of static and dynamic work. The results indicated that
      the muscle strength and muscle endurance of middle-aged employees was
      systematically lower among those with high muscular load compared to those with
      low load at work.

PMID- 3372037
TI  - Pupillary changes due to work using visual display terminals.
AB  - In order to measure the degree of ocular fatigue and general fatigue among the
      workers using visual display terminal (VDT), pupillary dynamics were measured
      with open-loop light stimulation for 26 subjects of a mean age of 25.9 years. VDT
      loads were TV games for 30 min under indirect light of 100 lux. The eight
      parameters of pupillary light reflex with open-loop pupillometer were examined
      before and after VDT loads. On the right eyes, two parameters and one value
      increased 9.2% (Student's t-test: P less than 0.005, max.), 25.7% (Student's t
      test: P less than 0.005, Min.) and 14.8% (Student's t-test: P less than 0.005,
      min/max) just after the load and then gradually decreased and returned to the pre
      load level after a 10 to 15-min rest period. Two parameters increased 11.7%
      (Student's t-test: P less than 0.05, 1/2C) and 12.9% (Student's t-test: P less
      than 0.05, VD), one parameter decreased -9.0% (Student's t-test: P less than
      0.05, 0.63D) and three parameters were constant (Student's t-test: L, A and VC)
      just after the load. On the left eyes, the same tendencies were observed. But
      there were no significant differences (Student's t-test) between the right and
      left eyes. The change pattern of the eight parameters were small in degree and
      similar to the changes when the sympathetic nervous system was activated.

PMID- 3372038
TI  - Acute effects of noise exposure: an experimental investigation of the effects of
      noise and task parameters on cognitive vigilance tasks.
AB  - Studies of sustained monitoring of sensory information have shown noise-induced
      impairments only when the level is above 95 dB. Recent results suggest that tasks
      involving the monitoring of cognitive information may be vulnerable at lower
      intensities. This last point was confirmed in the present study which used a dual
      task. Noise reduced the hit-rate on a task involving detection of repeated
      numbers but had no effect on the average estimate of the relative probabilities
      of two classes of events. Noise did, however, increase the frequency of very
      inaccurate estimates. The noise effects were not altered by changes in the
      priority, difficulty or probability of the two tasks.

PMID- 3372039
TI  - Modulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses to inhaled ragweed antigen in
      experimentally induced infection with respiratory syncytial virus implication in
      virally induced allergy.
AB  - Groups of BALB/c mice were either sham-infected or infected intranasally with
      respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). On the third day following intranasal
      inoculation, all groups of mice were exposed by inhalation to ragweed antigen for
      5 consecutive days and rechallenged with ragweed on day 31. Development of
      antibody activity to ragweed antigen was examined in serum and bronchial washings
      at regular intervals employing an ELISA assay for IgG and IgA antibody activity
      and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis for IgE-specific responses. The serum IgG and
      IgE antibody response to ragweed following primary exposure developed at
      significantly higher levels in mice previously infected with RSV, compared to
      sham-infected controls. In addition, an earlier rise in serum IgE response to
      ragweed occurred in the RSV-infected animals. IgG and IgA anti-ragweed antibody
      activity in bronchial washings was also observed with significantly higher levels
      in the RSV-infected animals when compared to the controls, although a similar
      increase in antigen-specific IgE activity in bronchial washings was found in both
      groups of animals. These findings support the possibility that mucosally
      restricted virus infections of the respiratory tract may enhance the development
      of sensitization and the magnitude of antibody responses to other inhaled
      allergens found concomitantly in the respiratory tract during acute infection.

PMID- 3372040
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of IgE-binding antigens in spices.
AB  - The IgE response to coriander and other spices was studied by immunoblotting,
      after separation of the spice extracts by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A major IgE-binding
      component from coriander had an isoelectric point of pH5. After incubation of SDS
      PAGE-separated spice extracts with serum from a patient with an occupational
      allergy to spices, a closely related pattern of IgE binding to coriander, dill
      and anise extract was observed. These results suggest that the botanically
      related spices, coriander, anise and dill, contain common IgE-binding structures.

PMID- 3372041
TI  - Effect of influenza virus infection on allergic sensitization to inhaled antigen
      in mice.
AB  - Repeated exposure of healthy mice to an aerosol of ovalbumin (OA) leads to the
      development of IgE-isotype-specific immunological tolerance. However, when
      initial OA exposure occurs during the acute phase of influenza infection,
      tolerance does not occur, and the mice instead develop high titres of OA-specific
      IgE in response to subsequent challenge with the allergen.

PMID- 3372042
TI  - Allergenic cross-reactivity between Callistemon citrinis and Melaleuca
      quinquenervia pollens.
AB  - Aqueous extracts of both Callistemon citrinis (bottlebrush) and Melaleuca
      quinquenervia (melaleuca) were analyzed for allergenic cross-reactivity.
      Inhibition analysis using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was performed on
      the ammonium bicarbonate extracts of bottlebrush (NH4B) and melaleuca (NH4M)
      pollens. RAST inhibition analysis demonstrated that the extracts contained
      allergenically cross-reactive components. Sephadex G-100 column chromatography of
      NH4B and NH4M extracts resulted in at least 4 distinct peaks for each extract
      analyzed. These fractions were designated NH4B1-NH4B4 and NH4M1-NH4M4. A modified
      dot-blot assay for detection of allergenic components was utilized to show that
      the first elution peaks of bottlebrush and melaleuca, NH4B1 and NH4M1,
      respectively, contained allergenic components. These allergenic components, NH4B1
      and NH4M1, had estimated molecular weights of 50,000 and 35,000 daltons,
      respectively.

PMID- 3372043
TI  - Standardization of rye-grass pollen (Lolium perenne) extract. An immunochemical
      and physicochemical assessment of six candidate international reference
      preparations.
AB  - Six candidate extracts of Lolium perenne (rye-grass) pollen have been studied in
      6 laboratories using a variety of immunochemical and physicochemical techniques.
      Radioallergosorbent test inhibition, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, crossed radio
      immunoelectrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      combined with immunoblot, thin-layer isoelectric focusing and enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay inhibition were used to evaluate each of the coded extracts.
      The source materials were also studied for identity and possible contamination by
      light microscopy. On the basis of these data, the Rye-Grass Working Party
      recommended to the Steering Committee of the Allergen Standardization
      Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies that the
      extract coded C be chosen as the candidate international reference preparation.

PMID- 3372044
TI  - Abnormal sperm morphology and other semen parameters related to the outcome of
      the hamster oocyte human sperm penetration assay.
AB  - A new method for evaluation of sperm morphology using strict criteria is
      currently used in the andrology laboratory at the Eastern Virginia Medical
      School. A prospective study was designed to evaluate the following semen
      parameters in samples of all patients over a set period of time: sperm
      concentration and motility, and normal sperm morphology. These factors were
      correlated with results of the hamster zona-free oocyte/human sperm penetration
      assay (SPA). One hundred patients with a sperm concentration ranging from 2 to
      219 X 10(6)/ml, a motile sperm fraction ranging from 6.9 to 87%, and normal sperm
      morphology ranging from 1 to 39%, were evaluated. The statistical analysis system
      general linear model was used to judge the influence of the different variables.
      There was a statistically significant relationship between the per cent of sperm
      with normal morphology and penetration rate in the SPA (P = 0.001). Outcome of
      the SPA was also correlated with in vitro fertilization, retrospectively, in 84
      patients. Thirty-eight patients had an SPA less than 10%, with no fertilization
      in vitro in 13 patients (33.3%) and fertilization in 25 (66.7%). Forty-five had
      an SPA greater than 10% with fertilization in 37 (82.2%) and no fertilization in
      eight (17.8%) patients.

PMID- 3372045
TI  - Effects of androgens, prolactin and bromocriptine on seminal vesicular enzymes of
      the pyruvate malate cycle involved in lipogenesis in castrated mature monkeys,
      Macaca radiata.
AB  - The interaction of androgens and prolactin, the major factors regulating the male
      accessory sex organs, on the specific activity of seminal vesicular enzymes of
      the pyruvate/malate cycle were studied in castrated mature monkeys. Castration
      decreased the activity of these enzymes, including NADP+ isocitrate
      dehydrogenase, ATP citrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and fatty
      acid synthase. Testosterone propionate (TP)/dihydrotestosterone given as
      replacement to castrates increased the activity of all these enzymes, except for
      malate dehydrogenase. Prolactin restored normal activity of ATP citrate lyase,
      malic enzyme and fatty acid synthase but not of isocitrate dehydrogenase and
      malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Prolactin had a specific control over MDH. Moreover,
      when prolactin was combined with androgens a further stimulatory influence was
      observed on fatty acid synthase activity. In order to prove the direct influence
      of prolactin on enzymes of the pyruvate/malate cycle, bromocriptine was
      administered and this inhibited all of the enzymes. Thus prolactin was found to
      have a direct, as well as a synergistic, action with androgens on enzymes of the
      pyruvate/malate cycle in the seminal vesicles of monkeys.

PMID- 3372046
TI  - Some effects of furazolidone on the testis and plasma levels of testosterone,
      luteinizing hormone and prolactin in mature male turkeys.
AB  - Adult male turkeys were treated orally with furazolidone at doses of 1, 2.5, 5 or
      20 mg/kg for 14 days and their plasma analysed for luteinizing hormone (LH),
      testosterone and prolactin (PRL) concentrations before, during and after
      treatment. At 20 mg/kg the drug produced a significant decrease in the plasma
      levels of LH and testosterone at the end of treatment, whereas at 5 mg/kg the
      drug had no significant effect. Prolactin concentrations were unaffected by any
      of the drug doses used. Intramuscular injection of luteinizing hormone releasing
      hormone (LHRH) at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg produced after 30 min a significant
      rise in plasma levels of LH, an effect that was decreased significantly by
      treatment with 20 mg/kg furazolidone. Incubation of normal turkey semen with
      graded doses of furazolidone or nitrofurazone for up to 30 min resulted in a dose
      and time-dependent decrease in sperm motility. At a concentration of 20 mg/ml a
      complete absence of sperm motility was observed after incubation with either
      drug, although, on the whole, nitrofurazone seemed more potent than furazolidone
      as a sperm-immobilizing agent. Histological changes occurred in the 20 mg/kg
      group and consisted of a decrease in spermatocyte production, corrugation of
      sperm cell nuclear envelopes and distention of the endoplasmic reticulum of
      elongate spermatids. It is concluded that furazolidone depresses pituitary LH
      output but may, in addition, directly affect spermatogenesis and sperm motility.

PMID- 3372047
TI  - Gonadal function in male heroin and methadone addicts.
AB  - Gonadal function was elevated in 80 male heroin and/or methadone addicts by
      measuring basal plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing
      hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone. In 41 subjects semen analyses
      were also undertaken. Three groups were distinguished consisting of 15 heroin
      addicts, 42 undergoing methadone treatment but continuing to take heroin, and 23
      taking only methadone. All patients had normal plasma levels of FSH, LH and
      testosterone. Prolactin levels were normal in all subjects except for the 15
      heroin addicts, in whom they were significantly higher than in controls (P less
      than 0.025). Semen analyses from all of the heroin addicts and from the dual
      heroin-methadone users were abnormal, whereas only 10 out of 22 (45%) of the
      methadone takers were pathological. In all cases asthenospermia was one of the
      abnormalities (100%). Twenty-four per cent also showed teratospermia and
      hypospermia and 17% showed oligozoospermia. Such seminal pathology, especially of
      forward motility, even in combination with normal hormone levels, might be an
      early indication of heroin toxicity to the male reproductive tract.

PMID- 3372048
TI  - Comparison between three mathematical models of KT/V.
AB  - In thirty anuric patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis the KT/V values
      obtained with the formula: (formula; see text) were compared with the values
      obtained with the following two formulae: (formula; see text) The results given
      by formulae B and C differed from those with formula A respectively by 12.81 +/-
      11.98% and 10.38 +/- 3.64%. For routine determination of KT/V we suggest the use
      of formulae A and C as a means of establishing rapidly, in one step, whether the
      hemodialytic treatment examined is adequate.

PMID- 3372049
TI  - Hemodynamic and energetic assessment of calves implanted with a left ventricular
      assist device (LVAD).
AB  - Hemodynamic and ventricular energetic parameters were measured in calves
      implanted with the air driven Utah Ventricular Assist Device (UVAD). Uptake site
      was varied to determine the effect of control mode and vacuum augmentation of
      filing. Uptake was drawn solely from the left atrium or combined with a left
      ventricular apical vent. LVAD outflow returned to the descending, thoracic aorta.
      Control modes examined included asynchronous pumping as well as 1:1 and 1:2
      synchronous diastolic counterpulsation. The 85cc LVAD, vacuum formed from
      PELLETHANE, was implanted acutely in four animals and chronically in six (7, 49
      and 116 days paracorporeally, 1, 28 and 32 days intrathoracically). Instantaneous
      blood pressures, intramyocardial pressure, aortic outflow, oxygen consumption,
      LVAD output and drive parameters were recorded. LVAD output was independent of
      control mode when the natural heart rate was greater than or equal to 80 beats
      per minute. Intrathoracically positioned LVADs pumped a mean flow of
      approximately equal to 5 liters/min without vacuum augmentation of filling.
      Paracorporeally positioned LVADs pumped approximately equal to 3 liters/min mean
      flow without vacuum augmentation and up to approximately equal to 6 liters/min
      with 38 mm Hg of vacuum augmentation of filling. Instantaneous ascending aortic
      pressure and flow showed distinct beat-to-beat variation depending on LVAD
      control mode. Lower average ventricular afterload was observed when pumping the
      LVAD asynchronously or 1:2 synchronously. In one acute preparation, left
      ventricular myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from the unassisted average
      control level by 37% for the asynchronous and 1:1 synchronous control modes with
      left atrial uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372050
TI  - Comparative evaluation of disk- and trileaflet valves in left-ventricular assist
      devices (LVAD).
AB  - Two identical LVADs were equipped with different types of heart valve prostheses
      (Bjork-Shiley disk and PU-valves) and tested in two simultaneous calf experiments
      for 28 days each. Noise levels, accelerations of the pump housing and thrombus
      formation were higher for the mechanical valve pump.

PMID- 3372051
TI  - Reverse cascade filtration of ascitic fluid--preliminary results.
AB  - Refractory ascites is an infrequent complication of cirrhosis. Paracentesis and
      ultrafiltration of the ascitic fluid with intravenous or intraperitoneal
      reinfusion of the concentrated ascites has been used as therapy for this
      condition since 1971. The technique is cumbersome and has high morbidity and
      mortality rates, even if effective. In this paper we describe a new technique
      that couples secondary filtration for the removal of macromolecules, with
      ultrafiltration of ascitic fluid. In its very first application 6 patients
      underwent 8 treatments. No adverse effect was observed and clinical efficacy was
      good. Up to 60 g of albumin can be saved in a single session lasting less than 2
      hours.

PMID- 3372052
TI  - Renal amyloidosis--is it preventable?

PMID- 3372053
TI  - Backfiltration: a controversial issue in modern dialysis.

PMID- 3372055
TI  - Pancreatic cancer, blood glucose and beverage consumption.
AB  - We studied the incidence of pancreatic cancer in 122,894 men and women who had
      previously reported amount and frequency of coffee, tea, and alcohol consumption;
      reporting was done at a multi-phasic health check-up (MHC) taken while subjects
      were members of a large prepaid health plan. We also tested the hypothesis that a
      pre-clinical effect of pancreatic cancer on glucose homeostasis leads to mild
      hyperglycemia and a generally increased thirst. If true, this could partially
      explain the increased consumption of beverages (particularly coffee) reported in
      association with pancreatic cancer in some case-control studies. However, in the
      49 pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed during 6 years of follow-up, we found no
      evidence of increased risk associated with coffee, tea, or alcoholic beverages.
      We also found no evidence to support the increased-thirst hypothesis when we
      examined the 19 cases diagnosed within 12 months of having MHC. We did confirm a
      significantly increased risk among cigarette smokers (relative risk, 2.5; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.3-4.7) which was progressive with increasing levels of
      cigarette use. In addition, risk of pancreatic cancer was greater for persons
      previously under treatment for diabetes mellitus (relative risk, 4.5; 95%
      confidence interval, 1.2-16.7). Our results add to the growing body of evidence
      against a causal role of coffee in pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 3372054
TI  - Factors affecting plasma free fatty acids rise during hemodialysis.
AB  - We studied the mechanisms responsible for causing acute changes in plasma lipids
      during hemodialysis. Dialysis decreased plasma triglycerides to the same extent
      as when heparin was given without dialysis. Cholesterol increased in proportion
      to hemoconcentration. Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) levels were also increased,
      but more so than with heparin alone. Glucose and acetate did not play a role, nor
      did carnitine loss, and hemofiltration elicited similar effects. The rise in
      plasma FFA is therefore likely to be caused by other as yet unknown mechanism.

PMID- 3372056
TI  - Plasminogen activator expression and steroid hormone receptors in female breast
      cancer: a multifactorial study.
AB  - In order to evaluate the relationship of plasminogen activator (PA) activity to
      the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, we assayed
      primary tumor specimens from 121 cases of female breast cancer. Other clinical
      and histopathological variables were also investigated with respect to their
      possible association with PA activity in the samples. Statistical correlations
      were examined by stratified analysis techniques and by multiple regression
      methods. PA activity was higher in tumors which were ER+PR+ than in those
      exhibiting other subsets of joint receptor expression, a finding which was
      particularly predominant in tumors from post-menopausal women. Of the other
      variables examined, only disease stage, nodal status and vascular infiltration
      presented marginal positive statistical associations with PA activity, although
      this was not confirmed by multivariate analysis. The latter technique showed that
      the presence of PR was sufficient to explain the variation in PA levels. However,
      ER emerged as the sole significantly explanatory factor when ER+PR- patients were
      removed from analysis. Both PR and age (negatively) were independent contributory
      factors for PA activity in the analysis of post-menopausal women. None of the
      variables examined emerged as being significantly associated with PA when data
      from pre-menopausal patients were used. These findings indicate that PA activity
      in breast tumor samples is statistically associated with the expression of
      functional estradiol receptors, although to a lesser extent than PR.

PMID- 3372057
TI  - A prospective study of esophageal cytological atypia in Linxian county.
AB  - Between 1975 and 1986, in Linxian county (LX), a prospective study of esophageal
      cytological hyperplasia and atypia was conducted on 3 groups of subjects: 294
      with marked atypia, 328 with mild hyperplasia and 336 normal controls; all were
      diagnosed by cytology. Results showed that no significant difference in incidence
      of esophageal cancer (EC) appeared between subjects with mild hyperplasia and
      controls, while the incidence of EC in subjects with marked atypia was
      1,178.92/100,000 which was 2.39 (after age-adjustment 2.90) times higher than
      that found in the control group and was of statistical significance (chi 2 =
      8.92, p less than 0.01). In all groups, the relatively high risk of contracting
      EC was closely associated with drinking ground water, smoking and a low standard
      of living. These results suggest that early treatment should be given to subjects
      with marked atypia, accompanied by preventive measures against carcinoma of the
      esophagus, such as hygienic drinking water, abstention from smoking and better
      living conditions.

PMID- 3372058
TI  - Vascular density in carcinoma of the uterine cervix and its predictive value for
      radiotherapy.
AB  - The vascular density (VD) in stage-III tumors of the uterine cervix was
      determined by morphometric analysis of histologic, Masson-trichrome stained
      sections prepared from biopsies. In a retrospective study, VD was found to be
      related to results of radiotherapy, larger VD being associated with prolonged
      survival, in agreement with similar observations made earlier with stage-IB and 
      IIA tumors of the cervix. In a complementary study the variation of VD within
      tumors was investigated in relation to the variation between tumors using
      surgically removed cervical carcinomas in stage IB. Statistically significant F
      ratios were calculated, suggesting a more or less individual pattern of
      vascularization of the tumors despite a considerable intra-tumoral heterogeneity
      of the vasculature. It is concluded that VD may reflect oxygenation of neoplastic
      tissue, and may have a predictive value in regard to the response of tumors to
      irradiation.

PMID- 3372059
TI  - Correlation of DNA flow cytometric results and other prognostic factors in
      primary breast cancer.
AB  - The percentage of cells in S-phase and DNA-ploidy have been measured in 300
      primary mammary carcinomas by means of DNA-flow cytometry (FCM). The data were
      compared with the age and menopausal status of the patients as well as with the
      size, regional lymph-node involvement, histologic type, grade and concentration
      of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors of the tumors. A DNA-diploid
      distribution of the G0/1-peak was found in 37.6% of the cases. The mean
      percentage of S-phase fractions was 4.83. DNA-aneuploid tumors had significantly
      higher amounts of S-phase fractions (6.12%) than DNA-diploid tumors (2.66%).
      There was also a significant correlation between the DNA measurement data (DNA
      ploidy and S-phase fractions) and histologic grade, as well as the content of ER
      and PR, but not between DNA-ploidy, S-phase fractions, tumor size (T) and
      evidence of axillary lymph-node metastases. DNA-FCM gives a biological
      characterization of the tumor in addition to the histopathologic examination. The
      method can be used as a routine procedure because of the reliability and
      reproducibility of the results as well as the short time needed for the
      measurements.

PMID- 3372060
TI  - Tumor cells are protected from NK-cell-mediated lysis by adhesion to endothelial
      cells.
AB  - We have examined the effect of various cell monolayers on the ability of mouse
      spleen cells to lyse tumor cell targets (natural cytotoxicity reaction). Natural
      killer (NK) cell activity was reduced by as much as 75% depending on the cell
      substrate, with the greatest protection afforded by endothelial cells. Cell
      adhesion to the underlying cell monolayer was directly correlated with the degree
      of protection from lysis. Since it has previously been shown that tumor cells
      manifest selective adhesion to endothelial cells from those organs to which they
      are likely to metastasize, the experiments suggest a means by which natural
      surveillance mechanisms might be circumvented during the metastatic process.

PMID- 3372061
TI  - Metastasizing potentials of mouse mammary tumors and their metastases.
AB  - This in vivo investigation determined the relative potentials of 7 C3H/He and
      C3Hf/He mammary tumors and their metastases to metastasize spontaneously from
      intramammary implants. The purpose of the studies was to examine the hypothesis
      that metastases derive from distinct sub-populations of cells in primary tumors
      which have specific inheritable characteristics that predispose the cells to form
      metastases. By serially transplanting, in parallel tests, tissue from
      autochthonous metastases and tissue from autochthonous primary tumors, the
      distinction of tumor-cell populations with different metastatic potentials was
      anticipated. However, the results of the experiments showed that primary tumors
      and metastases in autochthonous hosts had similar potentials for spontaneous
      metastasis. Moreover, the primary tumors and the metastases, transplanted as
      parallel lines through consecutive generations, maintained similar average
      metastasizing potentials. Changes in metastatic potential which occurred in 3 of
      the 7 tumors during serial passage appeared in nearly equal transplant
      generations in the parallel lines of the primary tumor and the metastases. The
      data suggest that the spontaneous metastases were not derived from a sub
      population of cells with inheritable high metastasizing potential, but developed
      through stochastic events from the average tumor cells that entered the
      circulation.

PMID- 3372062
TI  - Biodistribution and tumour localization of a methotrexate-monoclonal-antibody
      791T/36 conjugate in nude mice with human tumour xenografts.
AB  - The blood kinetics and tumour localization of a conjugate of methotrexate (MTX)
      and MAb 791T/36 were examined in nude mice with human tumour xenografts. The
      antibody moiety of the conjugate was detected by labelling with 125I and the drug
      moiety was assayed using a radioimmunoassay for methotrexate. After
      radioiodination, the drug moiety was co-precipitable with the radiolabel when TCA
      or rabbit anti-mouse IgG antiserum was used. Following i.v. injection, serum
      kinetics of both the antibody and the drug moieties of the conjugate were
      essentially similar, and the integrity of serum-borne conjugate was confirmed by
      the co-precipitation of radiolabel and drug. The radiolabelled antibody moiety of
      the conjugate localized in tumour xenografts, with 5-7% of the injected dose
      being present per gram of tissue within 6 hr of injection, and the levels were
      maintained for up to 4 days. Analysis of tumour levels of the MTX moiety showed a
      progressive uptake over the 4-day observation period with up to 4% of the
      injected dose being present per gram of tumour when the experiment was
      terminated. Parallel studies with free MTX showed rapid clearance from the blood
      and a maximum of 0.35% of the dose/g of tumour 30 min after injection. Control
      immunoglobulin conjugated to MTX did not show tumour localization of either the
      antibody or the drug moieties. These studies confirm that in vivo MTX remains
      bound to antibody in this type of drug antibody conjugate and demonstrate site
      specific targeting of this therapeutic agent.

PMID- 3372063
TI  - Immortalization of a human colorectal adenoma cell line by continuous in vitro
      passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in tumour progression.
AB  - A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre
      malignant colorectal adenoma from a patient with familial polyposis coli (also
      referred to as hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum) has become
      immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years
      and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid
      karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming
      aneuploid and displaying signs of morphological transformation. Every cell
      examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker
      chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The
      majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of
      progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic
      nude mice and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic
      cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell
      lines derived from small adenomas did not become immortal in vitro and were also
      non-tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant
      human epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on human
      carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Our results, showing that only a large
      adenoma and no small adenomas have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the
      possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a
      relatively late stage in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The possible involvement
      of chromosome 1 in tumour progression is discussed.

PMID- 3372064
TI  - Reappraisal of the approach to the child with heart murmurs: is echocardiography
      mandatory?
AB  - The performance of cross-sectional echocardiography on every child with a heart
      murmur poses a heavy load and economic burden on pediatric cardiology services.
      We prospectively studied 100 consecutive patients newly referred to our clinic
      for evaluation of a heart murmur. After a thorough clinical assessment and review
      of the electrocardiogram and chest radiograms, 50 patients were diagnosed as
      having "innocent murmurs". Cross-sectional echocardiography confirmed the initial
      diagnosis in 48 patients (96%). Two patients had bicuspid aortic valve. Among the
      patients with echocardiographically proved innocent murmur, left ventricular
      anomalous bands were demonstrated in 15 patients (31%), right ventricular
      anomalous bands in 5 patients (10%) and increased left ventricular shortening
      fractions (greater than or equal to 0.5) in 10 patients (21%). Among the
      remaining 50 patients, the initial diagnosis was "suspected heart disease" in 10
      patients, and "pathological murmurs" in 40 patients. Cross-sectional
      echocardiography was most useful in these patients providing the diagnosis in 80%
      (eight) of the former group and 95% (38) of the later group. Echocardiography
      need not be routinely performed in children initially diagnosed, by a pediatric
      cardiologist, as having an "innocent murmur".

PMID- 3372065
TI  - Prolapse of atrioventricular valve leaflets in the setting of double orifice.
AB  - Prolapse of the valve leaflets is reported in 2 cases in the setting of double
      orifice atrioventricular valve. Diagnosis in the first case, an asymptomatic 8
      year-old female, was achieved by echocardiography and consisted in prolapsing
      leaflets of a double orifice ("bridge type") mitral valve. The second patient, a
      24-year-old male, died suddenly. Postmortem examination revealed prolapsing
      atrioventricular valves, with double orifice ("holy type") of the septal leaflet
      of the tricuspid valve. There was disruption of the penetrating atrioventricular
      bundle into multiple fragments with fasciculo-ventricular by-pass fibers.

PMID- 3372066
TI  - Exercise capacity prior to myocardial infarction relates inversely to enzyme
      activity during infarction.
AB  - Epidemiological studies suggest that myocardial infarction occurs less commonly
      in physically fit individuals, indicating an inverse relationship between fitness
      and coronary arterial disease. In this study, the exercise capacity measured
      prior to infarction, was related to enzyme activity during subsequent infarction.
      Out of 512 consecutive male patients with acute infarction 35 were found who had
      previously performed an eligible exercise test. The exercise capacity was
      inversely related to enzymic activity during the infarction.

PMID- 3372067
TI  - Treatment of atrial fibrillation associated with hyperthyroidism by amiodarone
      and methimazole.
AB  - We treated a 78-year-old patient with hyperthyroidism and atrial fibrillation
      with amiodarone 1200 mg/day for 3 days and methimazole 60 mg/day. Sinus rhythm
      was restored within 3 days and serum levels of triiodothyroxine returned to
      normal within 4 days. A transient increase in serum rT3 concentrations was
      observed. Amiodarone associated with methimazole was useful in the management of
      atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism in our patient.

PMID- 3372068
TI  - Dyspnea--heart or lungs?

PMID- 3372069
TI  - Effect of esophageal erosion on esophageal electrocardiogram.
AB  - We recorded an esophageal electrocardiogram in a rabbit before and after
      producing esophageal erosion. The erosion caused an increase in P wave and R wave
      height and inversion of the T wave. Esophageal erosion can thus cause false
      positive repolarization changes in the esophageal electrocardiogram.

PMID- 3372070
TI  - Aortic and mitral balloon valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3372071
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation-defibrillation in the toad Bufo paracnemis.
AB  - Fibrillation is more likely to occur in animals showing a high degree of cellular
      differentiation. Lower species, with cardiac tissue histologically and
      electrophysiologically more uniform, very rarely, if ever, can fall into this
      uncoordinated activity. We describe experiments during which two specimens of the
      South American toad, Bufo paracnemis (body weights, 363 g and 297 g; ventricular
      weights, 1.8 g and 1.4 g, respectively), were repeatedly fibrillated and
      defibrillated almost at will. However, we failed when we tried a series of
      experiments in a given number of animals. Over a total of 16 fibrillation
      defibrillation episodes, a fibrillation threshold of about 3.8 mA/g was
      estimated. The lowest defibrillation values were, respectively, 43 mA/g and 507
      mA/g, using rectangular pulses (less than 7 msec pulses width). There were also a
      few spontaneous reversals before and after defibrillation shocks. These cases
      point to our still poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process.
      It is suggested that reentry or multiple ectopic foci might not be the basic
      mechanisms, as traditionally accepted. Rather, it might well be a new behavior of
      the cells or group of cells like that predicted by the theory of deterministic
      chaos.

PMID- 3372073
TI  - Effects of exercise on plasma fibrinolytic activity in patients with ischaemic
      heart disease.
AB  - In order to investigate the response of plasma fibrinolytic activity to exercise
      in patients with ischaemic heart disease, we studied 109 patients with chronic
      stable angina pectoris. All patients were exercised on the treadmill according to
      the Bruce protocol. They were subsequently divided into 2 groups according to the
      results of exercise testing. The first group comprised 47 patients with negative
      exercise tests and the second group 62 patients with positive exercise tests. The
      plasma fibrinolytic activity was determined in all patients by the method of
      euglobulin lysis time before exercise, at peak exercise and 2 hours later. The
      results were compared with those of a control group which consisted of 30 normal
      healthy volunteers. In the control group there was a significant increase of
      plasma fibrinolytic activity (P less than 0.001) at peak exercise, which almost
      returned to the resting levels at 2 hours. In all patients with angina, resting
      and peak exercise fibrinolytic activity level was significantly lower than that
      of the control group (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.001, respectively),
      although at peak exercise it also increased significantly (P less than 0.001)
      compared to resting levels and it remained elevated at 2 hours after exercise (P
      less than 0.001). In patients with negative exercise test, plasma fibrinolytic
      activity at rest was almost identical to that of the control group, it increased
      with exercise (P less than 0.001) but to values below those of the control group
      (P less than 0.01) and although there was a tendency to return to resting levels
      it remained elevated (P less than 0.01) at 2 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3372072
TI  - Electrocardiographic abnormalities amongst Melanesian and Indian men of Fiji:
      prevalence and associated factors.
AB  - Electrocardiograms were performed on 427 Melanesian and 391 Indian males aged 30
      69 years surveyed in 1980. The age-adjusted prevalence of abnormalities in
      Minnesota coding suggesting coronary arterial disease was: Indians - 17.1%,
      Melanesians - 9.1%. This difference was significant at P less than 0.001. For the
      Melanesians body mass index, plasma uric acid, cholesterol and triglyceride and
      systolic blood pressure showed significant positive associations with
      electrocardiographic abnormalities in a univariate analysis, but only the plasma
      uric acid level was independently associated with such abnormalities following
      adjustment for these other factors in a multivariate analysis (P less than
      0.001). For the Indians body mass index, systolic blood pressure, the presence of
      diabetes, urban residence and physical inactivity were positively associated with
      electrocardiographic abnormalities in the univariate analysis, but only body mass
      index (P less than 0.01), systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.01), and the 2
      hour glucose level (P less than 0.01) were independently associated with such
      abnormalities when adjustment was made for the levels of the other factors.

PMID- 3372074
TI  - The impact of a policy of collaborative management on mortality and morbidity
      from infective endocarditis.
AB  - The present study represents a comprehensive retrospective review of endocarditis
      in a large district general hospital since the inception of a formalized policy
      involving collaborative management a decade ago. The principle was to involve a
      recognised team of cardiologists, specialists in infectious disease and
      microbiologists in the treatment of the disease from the moment of its diagnosis.
      The pattern of infection has not altered in terms of prevalent organisms and
      valves infected since the change in management policy. There has, however, been a
      significant decline in the mortality, from 34 to 24% for all patients with
      endocarditis. Amongst those referred for collaborative management, the mortality
      has fallen to 6%. The single greatest improvement is a reduction in the number of
      patients dying of heart failure, the number of patients developing systemic
      emboli or requiring prosthetic valve replacement remaining unchanged. The results
      indicate that early referral to, and treatment by, a multidisciplinary team can
      significantly reduce the mortality from bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 3372075
TI  - Left ventricular function of survivors of a first complicated acute myocardial
      infarction. A prehospital discharge cross-sectional echocardiographic study.
AB  - To assess the left ventricular function of patients who suffer from post
      infarction angina and left ventricular failure in the coronary care unit, 79
      consecutive survivors (mean age 48 years) of a first acute myocardial infarction
      were prospectively studied and followed-up for a mean 18- (10-34) month period.
      Forty-seven had an uncomplicated infarction, 17 suffered from post-infarction
      angina and 15 had left ventricular failure. The left ventricular function of
      these patients prior to discharge from hospital was assessed by cross-sectional
      echocardiography and radionuclide angiography. Analysis of left ventricular wall
      motion was performed in all patients using a 11-segment model of the left
      ventricular. The ejection fraction was determined by echocardiography in 47
      patients and by radionuclide angiography in 50. The mean echocardiographic wall
      motion score of post-infarction angina patients (4.8 +/- 0.8) (+/- SEM) was lower
      than that of patients with left ventricular failure (9.5 +/- 0.5) (P less than
      0.001), but was not different from patients suffering uncomplicated infarctions
      (4.6 +/- 0.3). The mean echocardiographic ejection fraction was also similar in
      post-infarction angina (45.3 +/- 4.0; n = 16) and patients with uncomplicated
      infarction (51.9 +/- 2.7; n = 17), but was lowest in the group of patients with
      left ventricular failure (35.1 +/- 3.3; n = 14). Similarly, the radionuclide
      ejection fraction of patients with post-infarction angina (41.4 +/- 3.4; n = 17)
      and patients with uncomplicated infarction (45.6 +/- 2.7; n = 19) did not differ,
      but was lower in patients with left ventricular failure (25.9 +/- 2.8; n = 14).
      The echocardiographic ejection fraction correlated with that obtained by
      radionuclide angiography in all 46 patients (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001). The
      wall motion score correlated with the radionuclide ejection fraction in all 50
      patients (r = -0.73, P less than 0.001) and with the echocardiographic ejection
      fraction in 47 patients (r = -0.55, P less than 0.001). During follow-up, 3 (18%)
      patients suffering post-infarction angina and 2 (13%) with left ventricular
      failure died. New infarction was seen in 2 (12%) and 1 (7%) patients in these
      groups, respectively. We conclude that the left ventricular function of patients
      who suffer from post-infarction angina in the coronary care unit is good, but is
      impaired in those with even transient left ventricular failure. Echocardiographic
      assessment of cardiac function prior to hospital discharge was highly successful
      and may be performed in all such patients.

PMID- 3372076
TI  - Effects of peroral magnesium on plasma and skeletal muscle electrolytes in
      patients on long-term diuretic therapy.
AB  - Twenty patients on long-term diuretic therapy for arterial hypertension and/or
      congestive heart failure were given a supplementary dose of 15 mmol magnesium
      aspartate hydrochloride per day for 6 months. Nineteen patients, fulfilling the
      same admission criteria as the treatment group, served as controls. The addition
      of magnesium aspartate hydrochloride resulted in a significant rise of the
      cellular potassium and magnesium content and in a significant decrease of both
      systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It is concluded that supplementation with
      magnesium aspartate hydrochloride may effectively prevent the diuretic induced
      disturbances of electrolyte balance.

PMID- 3372078
TI  - Histopathology of the arterial duct (ductus arteriosus) with and without
      treatment with prostaglandin E1.
AB  - In the light of conflicting data in the literature on the relation between
      histopathology of the arterial duct and treatment with prostaglandin E1, we
      restudied our material. Special attention was paid to pathology of the duct not
      influenced by administration of prostaglandin E1. For this reason, three
      comparison groups (59 specimens) of non-treated ducts were evaluated. The results
      were compared with data from ducts obtained from 24 infants treated with
      prostaglandin E1. In agreement with our earlier findings, and with the results of
      Calder and her colleagues, there is indeed a marked increase in histopathology of
      the duct after administration of prostaglandin E1. The histopathology itself,
      however, is not specific for ducts treated with prostaglandin E1. It can also be
      found in the non-treated material. This has been previously described by others
      but had not been noted in our own previous work. The essential difference between
      those studies that confirmed an increase in pathology after treatment with
      prostaglandin E1 and those failing to find a marked effect is in the method of
      study. Changes were observed by those, including ourselves, who investigated
      complete sets of serial sections. The changes were not seen by those studying
      selected cross-sections from isolated parts of the duct or, at least in the cases
      treated with prostaglandin E1, sections taken at intervals.

PMID- 3372077
TI  - Detection of valvar obstruction by intracardiac masses using Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - The purpose of this paper was to examine valvar involvement in patients with
      intracardiac masses. Seven patients with intracardiac masses were studied by
      cross-sectional and Doppler echocardiography. In one, a candida vegetation on a
      mitral Starr-Edwards prosthesis obstructed the aortic valve with a peak
      transvalvar velocity of 2 m/sec and aortic regurgitation. Another patient with
      endocarditis demonstrated mitral stenosis as did two patients with left atrial
      myxomata. Tricuspid stenosis was demonstrated in three patients with right
      ventricular intracardiac masses (primary and secondary tumour and thrombus). By
      Doppler, the mitral and tricuspid stenosis was similar to from that seen in
      rheumatic heart disease with increased peak transvalvar velocity and prolonged
      pressure half-time. Because of the hazards associated with cardiac
      catheterisation in intracardiac masses, we conclude that Doppler ultrasound
      allows for the adequate assessment of the haemodynamic alterations so as to
      complement the images obtained by cross-sectional echocardiography.

PMID- 3372080
TI  - The size of infarction as judged enzymatically in 1974 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Relation with symptomatology, infarct localization and
      type of infarction.
AB  - A common data base of six coronary care units containing personal and clinical
      data of 17462 patients was used to investigate the relation between clinical
      symptoms of patients with acute myocardial infarction and size of infarction. In
      1974 of the 5110 patients, in whom a final diagnosis of infarction was made, size
      of infarction was determined according to serially measured levels of serum alpha
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The episode of infarction was the first in 1396
      patients, was recurrent in 497, and undetermined in 81 patients. We calculated
      the size factor (defined as the mean size of infarction of patients with a
      particular symptom divided by the mean size of infarction of patients without
      that symptom) to evaluate the role of the size of infarction to manifestation of
      certain clinical symptoms. Bradycardia, shock and right-sided failure when noted
      on admission to the coronary care unit, had factors for size of infarction
      significantly greater than 1.0 (1.15, 1.79 and 1.30, respectively) in patients
      suffering an initial infarction, but not significantly different from 1.0 in
      patients with recurrent infarction. The occurrence of primary and secondary
      ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation, left heart failure (Killip class II
      IV), symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia, high-degree atrioventricular
      blocks, ruptures and death in the coronary care unit was associated with factors
      significantly greater than 1.0 in those patients having both initial and
      recurrent infarctions. The size of infarction as judged enzymatically was
      significantly larger in patients with anterior than inferior and lateral
      infarction. The size of infarctions without Q waves was judged to be generally
      35% smaller than infarctions producing Q waves. It is concluded that the size of
      infarction determines the occurrence of several symptoms and complications
      diagnosed at admission or during stay in the coronary care unit.

PMID- 3372079
TI  - A comparative long-term follow-up of the results of anterior and posterior
      approaches in bypassing the rudimentary right ventricle in patients with
      tricuspid atresia.
AB  - We have studied 44 patients with classical tricuspid atresia who underwent
      radical surgery between 1971 and 1985. Bypassing of the incomplete and
      rudimentary right ventricle was performed, in anterior fashion, in 17 patients
      operated on from 1971 to 1980. Subsequently, from 1980 to 1985, we used a
      technique of posterior retroaortic atriopulmonary anastomosis. This was
      undertaken in 27 patients. We have now compared the results in the two groups.
      Hospital and late mortality was 23.5 and 17.6% in those undergoing an anterior
      anastomosis, while it was 7.4 and 3.7% in those having a retroaortic connexion.
      When we compared the results in survivors, according to a previously designed
      clinical assessment score, we found that 41.1% of those undergoing the anterior
      approach were in excellent clinical status in comparison to 85.1% of those having
      a posterior anastomosis. The actuarial survival curve at 6 years showed 88.8%
      survival (70% confidence limit 44-77) for the posterior approach and 64.7% for
      the anterior. On the basis of our findings we felt able to remove from
      consideration as risk factors three of the features initially identified by
      Choussat and his colleagues. We conclude that better immediate and late results
      are obtained with the posterior retroaortic approach. We also found that those
      patients with excellent long-term outcome had postoperative right atrial
      pressures less than 14 mm Hg. Late arrhythmias were associated with increased
      right atrial pressures and were a relevant risk factor in both groups.

PMID- 3372081
TI  - Changes in cardiac performance after dialysis in patients with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - The effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance in 10 uremic patients
      was studied utilizing echocardiography. Left ventricular function curves
      constructed by a lower body negative pressure method were compared before and
      after dialysis. Although hemodialysis caused a decrease in the stroke volume
      index at rest from 55 +/- 17 to 50 +/- 20 ml/m2, the left ventricular function
      curve did not show any detectable shift. Thus, it is concluded that a decrease in
      stroke volume secondary to dialysis is attributable to the reduction in preload,
      rather than to changes in the contractile state of the left ventricle.

PMID- 3372082
TI  - Prolapse of the mitral valve in hyperthyroid patients in Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Eighty-two patients (60 females and 22 males) who were under treatment for
      hyperthyroidism at the King Saud University affiliated hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi
      Arabia, were evaluated by M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography for the
      presence of mitral valve prolapse. Sixty-seven patients (51 females and 16 males)
      had diffuse toxic goitre while 15 of them (9 females and 6 males) had nodular
      toxic goitre. The overall frequency of prolapse was 37.8% (31 of 82) and the
      frequency was similar for both sexes, being 38.3% in females and 36.3% in males.
      Prolapse was associated with both diffuse toxic goitre (overall frequency 35.8%)
      and nodular toxic goitre (overall frequency 46.6%); and the highest frequency was
      in females with nodular toxic goitre (55.5%). Out of the total of 31 patients
      with prolapse, early systolic and holosystolic prolapse were each present in 12
      patients, while mid-to-late systolic prolapse was found in 7 patients. Cross
      sectional echocardiography demonstrated prolapse in 16 cases, the M-mode was
      positive in 5 cases while the two methods confirmed it in 10 patients. The
      prevalence of prolapse of the mitral valve in otherwise healthy Saudi subjects
      has previously been found to be 12-15%. This study has confirmed a high frequency
      of prolapse in hyperthyroid patients and has demonstrated that sex, ethnic or
      racial origin and type of hyperthyroidism are not determinants of this
      association.

PMID- 3372083
TI  - Cardiomyopathy in childhood diabetes mellitus: incidence, time of onset, and
      relation to metabolic control.
AB  - Cardiac function was evaluated using computer-assisted analysis of M-mode
      echocardiograms in 36 patients with onset of type I diabetes (insulin-dependent
      diabetes) in childhood. None of the patients had clinical evidence for
      cardiovascular disease or microvascular disease. An impairment of diastolic
      function was observed in the older patients with long-standing diabetes. The time
      between minimal cavity dimension and mitral valve opening was significantly
      prolonged (P less than 0.005), while the change of dimension in this time period
      and the change of dimension with rapid diastolic filling were normal. Although
      fractional shortening as a parameter of systolic function was normal in the
      diabetics, fractional shortening was inversely related to the mean HbA1 averaged
      over the last two years, reflecting the status of long-term metabolic control (P
      less than 0.0008). The time between minimum cavity dimension and mitral opening
      was also related to the mean HbA1 averaged over the last two years (P less than
      0.0011). It is concluded that, with time, alterations of both systolic and
      diastolic function develop in children with type I diabetes. Their severity
      depends on the quality of metabolic control.

PMID- 3372084
TI  - Collateral arteries arising from the coronary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Semi-selective aortic root and some selective coronary angiographic studies were
      performed in 330 patients with tetralogy of Fallot over a period of four years.
      Collateral vessels arising from the coronary arteries were found in 11 cases and
      a direct communication between the coronary artery and pulmonary arteries in one
      case (3.6%). Electrocardiographic features of myocardial ischaemia were not
      present in any patient. It is important to localize the collateral arteries since
      coronary steal and myocardial ischaemia have been known to occur in their
      presence.

PMID- 3372085
TI  - Management of pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis and intact
      ventricular septum with a small or hypoplastic right ventricle.
AB  - Twenty-one neonates and infants less than 3 months old undergoing cardiac surgery
      for an obstructed right ventricular outflow tract, intact ventricular septum and
      a small or hypoplastic right ventricle were retrospectively analyzed, in order to
      assess the effects of a change in management protocol. Seven of the 8 patients
      with critical pulmonary stenosis survived surgery using a transannular outflow
      patch, whereas only 1 of the 8 patients with pulmonary atresia survived the same
      operation. Two patients in the latter group died 2 and 3 months after surgery but
      with complications arising from surgery. Of 5 patients with pulmonary atresia who
      had a modified Blalock Taussig shunt, 3 patients survived the surgery and were
      discharged home. These results significantly indicate that there is an
      unacceptably high mortality for the relief of pulmonary atresia (with intact
      septum) using a transannular outflow patch, and a Blalock Taussig shunt is the
      preferred operation. The transannular outflow patch is a safe operation for
      neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis, irrespective of the size of the right
      ventricle.

PMID- 3372086
TI  - Bedside demonstration of the absence of the right pulmonary artery in a premature
      baby.
AB  - Bedside demonstration of the absence of the right pulmonary artery was made in a
      premature baby in the neonatal intensive care unit. Antegrade venous and
      retrograde aortic injections of contrast material excluded the possibility of the
      anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta, and suggested the
      above-mentioned diagnosis, with the addition of a ventricular septal defect and a
      right-to-left shunt.

PMID- 3372087
TI  - Labile T-wave changes caused by respiratory variation in a patient with unstable
      angina.
AB  - We describe an unusual case of asymptomatic T-wave inversion induced by
      respiration in a patient with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3372088
TI  - Primary hyperparathyroidism and angina pectoris.
AB  - We report the case of a 50-year-old female suffering from angina pectoris with a
      positive exercise test and normal coronary arteriography. Nifedipine relieved the
      angina. Laboratory tests demonstrated hypercalcaemia and led to a diagnosis of
      parathyroid adenoma. Surgical removal of the adenoma resulted in normalization of
      calcaemia and, during 4-year follow-up, she has had no angina. Two exercise tests
      in this period were negative.

PMID- 3372089
TI  - Complex arrhythmias in a patient with predominantly right ventricular
      cardiomyopathy.
AB  - A 23-year-old man presented with ventricular tachycardia. The electrocardiogram
      revealed right bundle branch block plus right axis deviation. It also showed
      frequent episodes of asystole, 2: 1 sinuatrial block and couplets of left bundle
      branch block morphology. Electrophysiologic study demonstrated sinuatrial
      entrance block, with an HV interval of 65 msec. It was also possible to induce
      sustained ventricular tachycardia of left bundle branch block pattern with normal
      QRS axis. Subsequent investigations were consistent with the diagnosis of right
      ventricular cardiomyopathy with mild left ventricular involvement.

PMID- 3372090
TI  - The need for an international nomenclature.

PMID- 3372091
TI  - Exclusion therapy in smoking cessation: a brief communication.

PMID- 3372092
TI  - A single-session group self-hypnosis smoking cessation treatment: a brief
      communication.

PMID- 3372093
TI  - Hypnotizability, absorption, and individual differences in phenomenological
      experience.

PMID- 3372094
TI  - A study of the effects of hypnotic regression on the auditory evoked response.

PMID- 3372095
TI  - Arousal effects of electrical deep brain stimulation in hypnosis.

PMID- 3372097
TI  - Degenerative changes after meniscectomy and meniscal regeneration.
AB  - In an experimental study on rabbit knees, regeneration of the medial meniscus
      occurred following 9 out of 10 meniscectomies, compared with only 1 out of 10
      lateral menisci. Degenerative changes in the articular cartilage were seen in 8
      of 9 knees where the lateral cartilage failed to regenerate, but in only 2 of 9
      with a regenerated medial cartilage. The rate of regeneration is lower after
      lateral meniscectomy and this may partially explain the occurrence of more severe
      degenerative changes after this operation.

PMID- 3372096
TI  - Computed tomography with multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional image
      reconstruction in the preoperative evaluation of adult hip disease.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reformation and three-dimensional (3D)
      image reconstruction was used pre-operatively to outline the bony morphological
      changes and femoral-acetabular relationships in 25 adult patients suffering from
      hip disease. Diagnoses included ischaemic necrosis of the femoral head,
      osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)
      crystal deposition disease, previous trauma and chronic dislocation. Polyethylene
      models of the femora and acetabula were constructed from three-dimensional
      contouring of CT data and compared with resected specimens in patients subjected
      to subsequent total hip arthroplasty. Information provided by this imaging
      technique was useful in both selecting and guiding the most appropriate surgical
      procedure and it was found that models depicted the actual bony contours with
      reasonable accuracy. CT combined with multiplanar reformation and 3D analysis may
      be the optimal pre-operative means of assessment of the diseased adult hip.

PMID- 3372098
TI  - [Preliminary results of 79 massive bone allografts in the conservative treatment
      of malignant tumors in adults and children].
AB  - We have used massive allografts, preserved by freezing to -30 degrees C and
      sterilised by irradiation, to reconstruct large defects in bone after resection
      of high grade neoplasms. The average length of the defect was 20.5 cm.
      Complications included 3 deep infections, 8 pseudoarthroses, of which 4 joined
      after further operation and 3 are still under treatment, and 4 late fractures of
      the graft. Seventy two cases have been followed up, and the functional result was
      excellent in 30, very good in 22, good in 13, poor in 3 and bad in 4. In 3 cases
      H.L.A. antibodies against the graft have been detected, but no clinical or
      radiological abnormality was noted. Bone scintigraphy showed progressive
      revascularisation of the graft from surrounding muscle. Reattachment of muscles
      to the allografts was successful, and contributed to the good functional results.
      Reconstruction with sterilised allografts, in association with long stemmed
      titanium prostheses or a cemented nail, gave a better functional results than
      using massive stainless steel prostheses in patients with a reasonable life
      expectancy.

PMID- 3372099
TI  - Semiarthroscopic synovectomy of the hip.
AB  - A new surgical procedure, semiarthroscopic synovectomy of the hip is described.
      The operation enables a radical synovectomy to be performed without the risk of
      necrosis of the femoral head from temporary luxation. The early results have been
      encouraging and the method appears to offer a low-risk alternative to
      conventional radical synovectomy.

PMID- 3372100
TI  - A new transtrochanteric approach to the hip.
AB  - This transtrochanteric approach to the hip maintains continuity between the
      greater trochanter and the vastus lateralis muscle, thereby preventing the gross
      displacement of the greater trochanter and preserving the branches of the lateral
      circumflex vessels to it. The procedure offers the advantages of easy exposure
      and a high rate of bony union between trochanter and femur. We have used the
      procedure in 189 consecutive operations; in only four cases did union between the
      bones not occur. The trochanter was never cranially displaced more than three cm,
      and even in the cases of non-union abductor power was good. Although we do not
      recommend trochanteric osteotomy for every case of total hip replacement, we
      suggest that the approach be used for cases where technical problems are
      anticipated.

PMID- 3372101
TI  - [20 years of subcapital osteotomy of slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Indications
      and results].
AB  - Between 1945 and 1985, 570 patients with a slipped upper femoral epiphysis were
      treated at our hospital. During the last two decades a subcapital osteotomy was
      performed if the degree of slip exceeded 50 degrees. Twenty two such operations
      were carried out in 21 patients. In five hips complete avascular necrosis of the
      epiphysis occurred, and in another hip there was partial necrosis. The success of
      the operation depends upon careful preoperative planning and a meticulous
      surgical technique.

PMID- 3372102
TI  - The results of reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle.
AB  - Eighty-one reconstructions of the lateral ligaments of the ankle were carried out
      at our clinics between 1967 and 1983. Three methods were used and 53 patients
      were followed up. The only two poor results followed infection after dural
      reconstruction. Peroneus brevis reconstruction, dural reconstruction and ligament
      advancement all had good results in over 80% of the patients. There was
      restriction of supination and an increase of osteoarthritis after the peroneus
      brevis reconstruction operations. Statistical analysis did not show that any one
      of these procedures was better than any other.

PMID- 3372104
TI  - Habitual dislocation of the hip.
AB  - We report the case of a girl, aged 2 years, who was able to dislocate her right
      hip voluntarily and in whom there was no other abnormality. She was given
      psychological treatment and the condition resolved after 2 years. Eight similar
      cases of habitual dislocation of the hip are reported in the world literature.

PMID- 3372103
TI  - Transfer of half the calcaneal tendon to the dorsum of the foot for paralytic
      equinus deformity.
AB  - Transfer of half of the calcaneal tendon to the dorsum of the foot will maintain
      correction of a paralytic equinus deformity. We have used this procedure on 97
      feet since 1967. Seventy-six were reviewed and the overall results were excellent
      or good in 69%. The outcome was better in children with cerebral palsy (85%
      excellent or good) than in those with poliomyelitis (only 13% excellent or good).

PMID- 3372105
TI  - A long term follow up of resection interposition arthroplasty of the knee using
      chromicized fascia lata.
AB  - We have reviewed the results of 25 patients who had a resection interposition
      arthroplasty of the knee using chromicized fascia lata, with a mean follow-up of
      22 years. No patient had severe pain although 10 had occasional pain after heavy
      labour. Thirteen knees had 60 degrees of movement or more but 12 had 45 degrees
      or less. The radiographs all showed adaptive remodelling of the resected bone
      ends. This procedure successfully restored function in the majority of cases with
      absence of pain over a long period.

PMID- 3372106
TI  - Production of antiserum against antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide
      preparation, PSK (Krestin) and its pharmacological application.
AB  - Antiserum against a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation (PSK) was produced
      by immunizing New Zealand White rabbits with PSK. The intestinal absorption of
      PSK in mice was visualized by indirect immunofluorescent staining with anti-PSK
      serum. The change in blood levels of 14C after oral administration of 14C-PSK and
      the recovery of 14C by antiserum were determined. The results indicated that
      antigenic epitopes in PSK are not completely destroyed during the process of
      digestion, absorption and distribution, but the changes of serum levels of 14C
      radioactivity differ from those of immunoreactive radioactivity. These results
      suggest that multiple processes are involved in the fate of PSK administered
      orally.

PMID- 3372107
TI  - In vitro and ex vivo effect of RU41740 on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      function.
AB  - We investigated the effect of RU41740, a glycoprotein extracted from Klebsiella
      pneumoniae and possessing immunomodulating properties, on human neutrophil
      functions in vitro and ex vivo. Our in vitro results showed that RU41740
      increased complement- and Fc receptor-dependent phagocytosis. Moreover, the drug
      enhanced the oxidative metabolism (assessed by chemiluminescence) both in resting
      and stimulated cells; in the latter case the RU41740-induced enhancement was
      observed when neutrophils were stimulated with opsonized particles of N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) but not when phorbol myristate acetate was
      used. Using otherwise effective experimental conditions, RU41740 did not affect
      spontaneous or FMLP-induced neutrophil migration. For the ex vivo experience we
      tested neutrophils of ten elderly subjects with a previously demonstrated
      phagocytic defect. These subjects were treated orally with RU41740 at a daily
      dose of 2 mg for 1 week during the first month, and of 1 mg for 1 week in the
      second month. In this population, RU41740 was able to restore the impaired
      phagocytic activity and to induce a significant increase of spontaneous
      chemiluminescence (CL); stimulated CL was also positively influenced. These
      effects on neutrophils provide new explanatory bases for the immunostimulatory
      activity of RU41740.

PMID- 3372109
TI  - Predicting criminal recidivism of insanity acquittees.

PMID- 3372110
TI  - The right to refuse treatment: recent developments in Canadian jurisprudence.

PMID- 3372108
TI  - The code of practice: strengthening the legalist philosophy?

PMID- 3372111
TI  - The Control-Commissions' procedure of complaints in Norwegian mental hospitals.

PMID- 3372112
TI  - Modulation of growth of melanoma.
AB  - Combined heparin-cortisone treatment induces regression of growth in a variety of
      murine tumors including melanoma. We injected 92 inbred C 57 b1/6 male mice each
      with 5 X 10(5) melanoma cells (B16, B16 F1, and B16 A6 lines) with different
      metastatic potential. Heparin (400 U/ml) and cortisone acetate (250 mg/kg SC
      injections) were given daily. Control experiments were performed both with the
      administration of no drugs and with administration of cortisone alone.
      Plasminogen activator activity, which is notoriously related to tumor growth, was
      evaluated using fibrin plate technique in 10 fragments taken before and 20 days
      after the combined heparin-cortisone treatment of B16 F1 and B16 A6 melanomas.
      The combined heparin-cortisone treatment slowed tumor growth, but no tumour
      regression was observed. Cutaneous fibrinolytic activity appeared increased in
      all specimens after the treatment.

PMID- 3372113
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma arising in a Leishmania scar.

PMID- 3372114
TI  - Pilomatrixoma. An elusive diagnosis.

PMID- 3372115
TI  - Cutaneous myeloid metaplasia with dysplastic features in idiopathic
      myelofibrosis.

PMID- 3372117
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to cephem.

PMID- 3372116
TI  - Perianal condyloma acuminatum in an infant.

PMID- 3372118
TI  - Atrophic connective tissue panniculitis.

PMID- 3372119
TI  - Skin diseases in tropical Africa. Medical, social, and economic implications.
AB  - Diseases, ignorance, and poverty are linked in a vicious web in Africa. Economic
      changes (foreign debts) and frequent political instability (eg, due to military
      coups), refugee influx, and industrialization have had profound effects on skin
      diseases. The interaction of these influences on skin diseases is discussed, and
      suggestions are made to bring about some improvement.

PMID- 3372121
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on Litomosoides carinii: in vivo and in vitro studies.

PMID- 3372120
TI  - Occlusive hydrocolloid dressings applied to chronic neuropathic ulcers. A study
      of efficacy in patients at a rural South Indian Hospital.
AB  - The response of 47 chronic ulcers (41 neuropathic [leprosy], 3 stasis, 1
      traumatic, and 2 of unknown etiology) to hydrocolloid occlusive dressings was
      evaluated at a rural south Indian hospital. The response to treatment was
      objectively evaluated by photographic estimation of the surface areas of the
      ulcers. Eight ulcers healed over the 2 months of the study, and all but one ulcer
      improved. This type of dressing may have a valuable role in the management of
      chronic ulcers in the tropics, particularly those due to leprosy.

PMID- 3372122
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: infected snails as a tool to screen antischistosomal drugs.

PMID- 3372123
TI  - Additional investigations on hypobiosis of Ostertagia ostertagi after transfer
      between northern and southern U.S.A.

PMID- 3372124
TI  - Single- and five-worm infections of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the
      golden hamster.

PMID- 3372125
TI  - Isolation from the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, of antigenic material
      capable of eliciting a protective immunological response in the bovine host.

PMID- 3372126
TI  - Scanning electron microscope observations on the anterior thoracic and post
      abdominal spiracles of Gasterophilus larvae (Diptera: Gasterophilidae).

PMID- 3372127
TI  - Studies on African saurian malarias: five Plasmodium species from chamaeleons of
      the Uzungwe Mountains, Tanzania.

PMID- 3372128
TI  - Sequential development of resistance to thiabendazole and levamisole in nematodes
      of sheep.

PMID- 3372129
TI  - Utilization and absorption of carbohydrates by the plerocercus metacestode of
      Otobothrium insigne (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha).

PMID- 3372130
TI  - Regulation of Haemonchus contortus populations in sheep: mortality of established
      worms.

PMID- 3372131
TI  - Surface maturation in female Schistosoma mansoni, S. mattheei and Schistosomatium
      douthitti.

PMID- 3372132
TI  - Trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin: identity of abortifacient
      and ribosome-inactivating proteins.
AB  - The abortifacient proteins trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin
      at nM concentrations inhibit cell-free protein synthesis. The momorcharins and
      the ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from Momordica charantia seeds cross
      react with the respective antisera. The ribosome-inactivating proteins saporins,
      pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and, to a lesser extent, gelonin have
      abortifacient activity on pregnant mice.

PMID- 3372133
TI  - Conformational free energies of myoglobins of small mammals.
AB  - Myoglobins from three small placental mammals and one small marsupial were
      isolated from cardiac or skeletal muscle. The conformational free energies of
      these four myoglobins were estimated from guanidinium chloride unfolding data at
      pH 8 and 25 degrees. The myoglobins from rat and rabbit are more stable than that
      of the most stable myoglobin previously studied, that of the sperm whale. In
      addition, these two myoglobins unfold with greater cooperativity than previously
      characterized myoglobins. The data obtained herein demonstrate unequivocally for
      the first time that the stability of homeotherm myoglobins correlates with
      neither the size of the organism nor its metabolic rate.

PMID- 3372134
TI  - Chain reversals in model peptides: studies of cystine-containing cyclic peptides.
      II. Effects of valyl residues and possible i-to-(i + 3) attractive ionic
      interactions on cyclization of [Cys1], [Cys6] hexapeptides.
AB  - The synthesis of four N-acetyl N'-methylamide cystine-containing hexapeptides,
      CVPGVC, CGVVGC, CKPGEC, and CEPGKC, is described. These were used in disulfide
      exchange reactions with the peptide CVPGGC as the formal oxidant. The relative
      propensities for peptide cyclization were thus deduced, and the tendency toward
      the formation of chain-reversal conformations was established quantitatively. An
      additional peptide, CVVVVC, was prepared but was never obtained as the cyclic
      monomer, demonstrating that the formation of chain-reversals in this peptide was
      of very low probability. Incorporation of pairs of valyl residues decreased the
      ease of cyclization, but it appeared that conformational flexibility in the
      cystine-containing hexapeptides may have compensated for substitutions which
      would have been expected to hinder the adoption of certain beta-turn
      conformations. The peptides containing ionic residues were cyclized more readily
      than expected, and this process was relatively insensitive to salt concentration.
      This observation is discussed with regard to the stabilization of beta-turns by i
      to-(i + 3) ionic interactions in peptides and proteins. A method for blocking
      thiols was introduced as an improvement in the analysis of the equilibrium
      mixtures.

PMID- 3372135
TI  - New segment synthesis of alpha-inhibin-92 by the acyl disulfide method.
AB  - The thiocarboxyl group reacts with diaryl disulfides to give an unsymmetrical
      acyl disulfide in dimethylformamide (DMF) and a symmetrical diacyl disulfide in
      aqueous DMF. Both acyl disulfides react with the alpha-amino group to form the
      peptide bond. The method was used in a new segment synthesis of alpha-inhibin-92
      (alpha-IB-92) with use of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide as activator. Thiocarboxyl
      peptides were synthesized by the solid-phase method on 4-[alpha-(Boc-Gly
      S)benzyl]phenoxyacetamidomethyl-resin. The segments alpha-IB-92-(1-34)SH (I), Msc
      alpha-IB-92-(35-65)SH (II), Msc-alpha-IB-92(66-92)OH (III), and Msc-alpha-IB-92
      (35-92)OH (VI) were prepared in yields of 33, 36, 41, and 25%, respectively, with
      use of crystalline symmetrical anhydrides in double and triple coupling
      protocols. Segments I, II, and III were used in a 3-segment synthesis of alpha-IB
      92 with an overall yield based on starting resin of about 8% while a 2-segment
      synthesis using I and IV gave 11%. An all stepwise synthesis of alpha-IB-92 gave
      4.5%.

PMID- 3372137
TI  - Abstracts presented at the 11th annual meeting of the Gesellschaft fur
      Mikrozirkulation e.V.. Heidelberg/FRG, November 27./28.1987.

PMID- 3372136
TI  - A new scheme for hierarchical classification of anastomosing vessels.
AB  - A new scheme is presented for hierarchical classification of vessels in
      anastomosing networks. The scheme is based on topological information, i.e. on
      patterns of vessel interconnection, not on vessel dimensions. As an illustration,
      this ordering scheme is applied to the anastomosing arteriolar network in cat
      sartorius muscle. Vascular segments are classified and the frequency distribution
      of segment length is determined for each order. In addition, vascular loops are
      classified, and the area, perimeter, and number of segments per loop are
      determined.

PMID- 3372138
TI  - Biology of sensorineural hearing loss in children. Report of a symposium. Holte,
      Denmark, 14-17 June, 1987.

PMID- 3372139
TI  - Popliteal pterygium syndrome.
AB  - A syndrome of popliteal pterygium, cleft lip-palate, lower lip pits, eyelid
      adhesions, genito-urinary anomalies and digital anomalies is presented as the
      Popliteal pterygium syndrome. The hereditary pattern appears to be an autosomal
      dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The
      pediatric otolaryngologist should be alert to this syndrome and will be consulted
      for airway and feeding problems as well as speech and hearing management. Because
      of the wide variability of expression of popliteal pterygium syndrome, careful
      physical evaluation of available family members should be made in sporadic cases
      to confirm the diagnosis in those presenting with minor manifestations and to
      discover less severely affected relatives of those full expression. Appropriate
      genetic counseling can then be given to these families.

PMID- 3372141
TI  - Hearing results with the use of different tympanostomy tubes: a prospective
      study.
AB  - The audiograms of 59 patients who had 15 different types of tubes implanted in a
      prospective study from 1982 to 1985 were reviewed. The audiograms were analyzed
      for changes in air and bone thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz.
      The first post-operative audiogram was tabulated for all the initial post
      operative visits and for only the initial post-operative visits in which the
      tubes were functioning. The change in pure tone average air conduction showed a
      range in improvement from 22.1 dB for the Armstrong Grommet Tube to 1.9 dB for
      the Canoe Tube. A total of 8 tube types showed mean improvements of 10 dB or
      better. With the exception of the Reuter Bobbin, all mean air conduction
      thresholds in functioning tubes were below 20 dB. For 5 tubes the mean threshold
      was less than 10 dB. The Armstrong Beveled Grommet, Donaldson, and Richard's Wing
      tubes showed the largest improvements in air conduction threshold with mean
      decreases of 22.1, 18.7 and 18.3 dB, respectively. Pure tone average bone
      conduction for all functioning tubes improved 2.8 dB.

PMID- 3372140
TI  - Lipoid proteinosis of the larynx: a cause of voice change in the infant and young
      child.
AB  - Lipoid proteinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that may display multiple
      systemic manifestations involving mucosal deposition of hyalin material. Skin and
      upper aerodigestive tract mucosal involvement predominate. In approximately two
      thirds of cases, voice change secondary to laryngeal involvement occurring at
      birth or early in infancy is the first manifestation of the disease.

PMID- 3372142
TI  - Irradiated costal cartilage graft in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction.
AB  - Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been employed successfully to correct
      subglottic stenosis. In an effort to reduce the morbidity and operative time, the
      use of irradiated homologous costal cartilage was investigated. Irradiated
      homologous grafting was performed to the subglottic region of 37 young New
      Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2.5- and 4-month intervals, and
      the grafts histologically examined. Fifty percent of the grafts were
      epithelialized and 50% revealed at least partial resorption. The percentage of
      grafts which resorbed were unrelated to the length of implantation. Because of
      the higher rate of resorption of the irradiated cartilage over autogenous fresh
      cartilage, the latter is still the preferred material.

PMID- 3372143
TI  - Lacerations of the cervical trachea in children.
AB  - Two case histories of a posterior tracheal laceration in children are presented.
      Both lacerations were small and well approximated at the time of initial
      endoscopy, and were managed conservatively. The resolution of signs and symptoms
      was rapid, and both patients were discharged after 4 days of hospitalization.
      Blunt trauma to the neck, not uncommon in children, is rarely a cause of cervical
      tracheal injury. When a tracheal laceration occurs, an immediate tracheostomy is
      usually recommended. Our experience supports a conservative management of small
      membraneous cervical trachea lacerations which seem well approximated at the time
      of endoscopy. Potential morbidity from tracheostomy is avoided, and the patient's
      hospitalization shortened.

PMID- 3372145
TI  - Otolaryngological problems associated with thrombocytopenia purpura in children.
AB  - Otolaryngological manifestations of 90 patients (of which 50 were under 16 years)
      with immune thrombocytopenia purpura (I.T.P.) appearing at the Pingdingshan
      Hematological Institute over 10 years have been studied. Among the sick children,
      epistaxis was the most common complaint (of which 60% responded to nasal
      packing), followed by gum, buccal, conjunctive, tongue, lips, eyelids, facial and
      throat bleeding, in this order. Severity and recurrence were correlated with the
      sick children's condition: the presence or absence of local trauma and infection,
      blood platelet level and capillary fragility, especially in acute I.T.P. Some
      therapeutic principles for these associated abnormalities are recommended. Other
      conditions included: hearing loss, vertigo, or dizziness, tinnitus, facial
      paralysis and so on. Our conclusion is that the role of immune responses may be
      important in the etiopathogenesis of these non-hemorrhagic abnormalities, and
      should not be ignored in treating the problems as result of I.T.P. In this paper,
      these immunological and pathological mechanisms implicated in the two problems
      described above are also discussed.

PMID- 3372144
TI  - Audiological management in the recovery phase of bacterial meningitis.
AB  - During a specified 12-month period, a prospective study of all children admitted
      to a 139-bed city children's hospital with confirmed bacterial meningitis enabled
      assessment audiologically at 48 h, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-admission using a
      test battery approach including auditory brainstem evoked responses and
      tympanometry. Results suggested conductive dysfunction to be a major cause of
      fluctuating hearing loss within the group. The incidence of sensori-neural loss
      was 16.6% of ears tested at final outcome. Results are discussed with reference
      to their implications for audiological management.

PMID- 3372146
TI  - Therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma of the larynx.
AB  - A case of subglottic rhabdomyosarcoma in a 13-year-old boy is reported. Following
      partial conservative resection of the larynx with supplementary chemotherapy and
      without irradiation, the patient has had no functional impairment of the larynx
      and has shown no evidence of recurrence for more than 3 years.

PMID- 3372147
TI  - Executive functions in unipolar depression before and after electroconvulsive
      therapy.
AB  - A neuropsychological investigation of executive functions in patients with
      unipolar depression was conducted. Ten patients with unipolar depression were
      tested before, 48 hours after, and 3 months after ECT. Control subjects were
      tested at similar intervals. Measures included 10 executive and related tasks (20
      variables) on which frontal lobe lesion patients have been previously shown to be
      differentially impaired, and 1 "nonexecutive" task. Patients were significantly
      inferior to controls on 9 of the executive and related variables before treatment
      and performed slightly worse 48 hours after treatment. Significant improvement
      after 3 months was absent. Depressed patients were not impaired on the
      "nonexecutive" task.

PMID- 3372148
TI  - Forebrain development in control and hypothyroid larvae of Triturus cristatus
      carnifex.
AB  - Some cytological and developmental aspects of the forebrain gray matter were
      studied in the control and the hypothyroid larvae of Triturus cristatus carnifex.
      The mitotic cell percentages in the periventricular germinal layer, the fusiform
      shape of the recently divided neuronal cells and the transitory gray matter
      cleavage, are characteristic of the immature status of the central nervous system
      (CNS) in this species. The hypothyroidism obtained during two months of thiourea
      treatment slows down the development in all the forebrain areas of the
      experimental larvae. Nevertheless, the nucleus olfactorius anterior and the
      corpus striatum, which have a longer mitotic activity with respect to the other
      neuronal structures, are more deeply affected by thyroid atrophy. Thyroid
      activity and forebrain maturation are discussed on the basis of the literature
      and our data with regard to their influence on behavior and evolution.

PMID- 3372149
TI  - Learning and memory test performance in alcoholics as a function of monetary
      incentive.
AB  - The performance deficits of alcoholics on tests of learning and memory are
      typically attributed to cognitive impairment. This study tests an alternative
      hypothesis that the deficits are due to motivational impairment. A face-name
      learning and memory test was administered to 30 sober male nonalcoholic and 40
      alcoholic subjects in a 2 x 2 [Group (alcoholic, nonalcoholic) x Monetary
      incentive (incentive, no incentive)] between-subjects design. The monetary
      incentive was made contingent upon performance. Alcoholics required significantly
      more trials to learn face-name pairs, and they recalled fewer face-name pairs at
      the delayed recall. Incentive subjects manifested a trend toward impairment on
      the trials-to-learn measure. However, there were no significant Group x Incentive
      interactions in learning or memory, or on a self-report questionnaire of
      subjective states (e.g., effort expended) experienced during the test. Thus, no
      evidence was found to support the impaired motivation hypothesis; the cognitive
      hypothesis remains as the most credible hypothesis to account for the performance
      deficits of alcoholics.

PMID- 3372150
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry and finger-tapping in right-handed females.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate effects of concurrent
      verbal and nonverbal tasks on right- and left-hand finger-tapping in an adult
      female group. In addition to the verbal versus nonverbal distinction, both motor
      and sensory tasks were used. Previous experiments have demonstrated lateralized
      right-hand decrement in finger-tapping in males during a motor verbal task;
      increases in both hands during a motor nonverbal task; and increase in left-hand
      tapping frequencies during sensory verbal and sensory nonverbal tasks. In the
      present study, significant increases in finger-tapping was observed in all the
      experimental conditions compared to pre- and postbaseline measures. It is
      concluded that both facilitation and interference may be observed in a finger
      tapping paradigm. Thus, a cautious interpretation concerning the relation of
      finger-tapping and hemispheric asymmetry is encouraged.

PMID- 3372151
TI  - Chemical-induced modulation of ATP and protein synthesis processed inside rat
      brain mitochondria.
AB  - Rates of ATP production and protein synthesis rates were simultaneously studied
      using the isolated rat brain mitochondria and different types of brain polysomes
      (total, free, microsomal and mitochondrial membrane-bound). Protein synthesis was
      measured using a special reticulocyte lysate cell-free incubation medium. Prior
      to incubation, the intact ("unbroken") mitochondria were pretreated by several
      xenobiotics and natural metabolic effectors. The mitochondria incubated without
      these additions were used as controls. Chemically-promoted inhibition of ATP
      systhesis correlated with a significant activation of protein synthesis directed
      by the mitochondrial membrane-bound polysomes. The induction of ATP synthesis
      leads to a marked suppression of mitochondrial translation. Application of the
      selective translation blockers do not influence the ATP formation inside the
      isolated mitochondria. In general, mitochondrial membrane-found polysomes
      isolated from the intact normal organella are least active as compared with other
      tested polysomal fractions while the releasing of polysomes from mitochondrial
      membranes by Triton X-100 leads to the essential increase of the activity of
      these separated translation mechanisms. The separation of polysomes from the
      microsomal membranes do not change the activity of the former. A possible
      molecular mechanism, interdependence and biological significance of the
      established phenomena are discussed.

PMID- 3372152
TI  - Psychophysical characteristics of the auditory image movement perception during
      dichotic stimulation.
AB  - Dichotic stimulation with binaurally presented click trains at time-varying
      interaural differences of stimulation caused a pronounced sensation of fused
      image (FI) movement in man. Threshold click rate in the trains needed for the FI
      movement sensation during variations of interaural time differences of
      stimulation equalled 7.6 Hz and during variations of interaural intensity
      differences it equalled 9.6 Hz. When FI movement velocity ranged from about 20 to
      120 degrees/s with changing interaural intensity of stimulation, differential
      threshold for FI movement velocity increased from 2 to 12 degrees/s. Relative
      differential thresholds of the perception of FI movement velocity were
      essentially independent of the velocity. Subjective scales of FI movement
      velocity perception could be basically approximated by linear relations y = AX, y
      = A(X-X0). The scale slopes appeared to be significantly different during
      fractionation and multiplication procedures.

PMID- 3372153
TI  - Neural net simulation of the corpus callosum.
AB  - The effects of simulated anatomical and physiological parameters were
      investigated in a "neural net" model, where two neural nets corresponding to two
      small patches of cerebral cortex were connected by a simulated "corpus callosum."
      The isolated neural nets have previously been shown to exhibit oscillatory
      activity similar to the raw EEG. By connecting the nets with fibers which have a
      specified percentage of inhibition and a specified percentage of homotopicity,
      the effects of such parameters on the cyclic activity of the nets were studied.
      It was found that, regardless of the inhibitory-excitatory nature of the
      simulated corpus callosum, the cyclic activity established in one hemisphere is
      more readily transferred to the contralateral hemisphere, the greater the
      percentage of homotopic callosal fibers. Learning was more rapid when the effect
      of the corpus callosum was primarily excitatory, but learning also took place
      over inhibitory or mixed callosal tracts. The simulation does not therefore
      resolve the issue of the predominant physiological effect of the corpus callosum,
      but does indicate that, given the assumptions of the simulation, "learning" can
      occur regardless of the percentage of excitatory or inhibitory fibers. It is
      noteworthy that homotopicity was more important for learning across an inhibitory
      tract than across an excitatory tract.

PMID- 3372154
TI  - Short-term memory in the macaque monkey: coding response during delay interval.
AB  - The possibility that macaque monkeys code the position of a cue by color stimuli
      was investigated. The monkeys were trained on a delayed response task and a
      conditional position discrimination task based on color stimuli, and were tested
      while the color stimuli were presented during the delay interval of the delayed
      response task. The monkeys performed the task better when the colors were
      presented during the delay. However, the monkeys did not spontaneously choose an
      appropriate color to code the position of the cue in a choice situation, although
      they could be trained to show the coding response.

PMID- 3372156
TI  - Topographic EEG brain mapping during Yogic Flying.
AB  - Voluntary focal activity typically disrupts EEG alpha activity. This experiment
      tested the hypothesis that the alpha wave would not be disrupted during "Yogic
      Flying" (YF), a TM-Sidhi technique that produces movement of the body such as
      hopping, because the technique operates at a self-referral level in which
      attention remains in a settled, inwardly directed state. In 23 subjects YF was
      compared with voluntary jumping in the same subjects which mimicked the movements
      of YF. The percentage of relative power of alpha was significantly higher for YF
      in virtually all EEG derivations, supporting the hypothesis. The effect appeared
      to be of similar magnitude in all cortical areas.

PMID- 3372155
TI  - Cholinergic modulation of human limbic evoked potentials.
AB  - Limbic evoked potentials (LEPs) were recorded from the hippocampi of three
      epilepsy surgery patients with unilateral medial temporal lobe seizure onset. In
      each patient, stable large amplitude LEPs which displayed polarity inversion
      across successive levels of hippocampus were present unilaterally, but were
      absent or rudimentary in the hippocampus corresponding to the electrographically
      proven seizure onset. After administration of scopolamine, LEPs in the "normal"
      hippocampi were markedly altered with slowing of the individual components and
      increased trial to trial variability. In addition, two patients developed
      reliable, high amplitude, polarity inverting LEPs on the side of seizure onset
      which had either absent or rudimentary LEPs in the baseline state. The results
      suggest that LEPs are under cholinergic modulation.

PMID- 3372157
TI  - Extreme sleepiness: quantification of EOG and spectral EEG parameters.
AB  - Our earlier research has shown considerable increases of and intercorrelations
      between subjective sleepiness, alpha, theta, and delta power density of the EEG
      as well as slow rolling eye movements (SEM) during night-time, monotonous work
      tasks. The purpose of the present methodological study was to establish EEG-EOG
      criteria for extreme behavioral sleepiness. Medilog tape-recorders were used to
      record EEG and EOG on 5 males and 5 females during a 45 min visual vigilance
      test. Performance on the test was also recorded on the tape as well as
      experimenter-scored dozing off episodes (from TV supervision). The EEG was
      subjected to computerized spectral analysis in 7.5 s epochs, and the EOG was
      scored visually for slow eye movements in the same epochs. The epochs immediately
      preceding a hit, miss and dozing off differed significantly. There was most power
      density in the alpha, theta and delta bands and most SEM activity before dozing
      off episodes and least before hits. The power density and the SEM activity were
      significantly increased one whole minute before dozing off events and missed
      signals compared to hits. Just prior to the ultimate sleepiness, i.e., the dozing
      off, the SEM activity and the delta and theta power density were further
      increased, while alpha power density was at its maximum during the last three
      epochs before the dozing off. The response patterns of all subjects were rather
      homogeneous. In conclusion, behavioral sleepiness is systematically reflected in
      spectral EEG and EOG parameters and the results support attempts to use these
      variables to indicate sleepiness in active subjects in real life situations.

PMID- 3372158
TI  - Relationship of in vitro cell motility and colonization potential in a mouse
      colon adenocarcinoma (MCA-38) cell line.
AB  - Cell motility is an important factor in the metastatic process that can be
      affected by environmental conditions. A quantitative study was made of the
      relationship between cell motility and the colonization potential of a mouse
      colon adenocarcinoma cell line (MCA-38). MCA-38 cells grown in culture did not
      produce hepatic or pulmonary colonies following ileocolic or tail vein injection,
      respectively. In contrast, MCA-38 cells adapted to grow in the mouse produced
      colonies in both organs. The motility of the MCA-38 cells that did not produce
      colonies, as determined by the depth of penetration into cellulose nitrate
      filters (8 micron pore size), was significantly less than that of MCA-38 cells
      with colony-forming potential. Return to in vitro growth resulted in both a loss
      of colonization potential and a reduction in motility. In this system, secondary
      organ colonization and in vitro cell motility are positively correlated,
      suggesting an association between cell motility and metastatic potential.

PMID- 3372159
TI  - The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Annual spring meeting.
      Sarasota, Florida, May 1-6, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3372160
TI  - Ocular toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates.
AB  - To investigate the role of cellular immunodeficiency in recurrent toxoplasmic
      retinochoroiditis, six Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with healed
      toxoplasmic lesions of the retina were immunosuppressed by total lymphoid
      irradiation. Three months prior to irradiation 30,000 Toxoplasma gondii organisms
      of the Beverley strain had been inoculated onto the macula of eye in each monkey
      via a pars plana approach. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis developed in each
      animal, and lesions were allowed to heal without treatment. During total lymphoid
      irradiation animals received 2000 centigrays (cGy) over a 7-week period.
      Irradiation resulted in an immediate drop in total lymphocyte counts and
      decreased ability to stimulate lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin. Weekly
      ophthalmoscopic examinations following irradiation failed to show evidence of
      recurrent ocular disease despite persistent immunodeficiency. Four months after
      irradiation live organisms were reinoculated onto the nasal retina of the same
      eye in each animal. Retinochoroidal lesions identical to those seen in primary
      disease developed in five of six animals. Toxoplasma organisms therefore were
      able to proliferate in ocular tissue following the administration of
      immunosuppressive therapy. This study fails to support the hypothesis that
      cellular immunodeficiency alone will initiate recurrent toxoplasmic
      retinochoroiditis. Results suggest that reactivation of disease from encysted
      organisms involves factors other than suppression of Toxoplasma proliferation. If
      reactivation occurs by other mechanisms, however, cellular immunodeficiency then
      may allow development of extensive disease.

PMID- 3372161
TI  - Analysis of the macular pigment by HPLC: retinal distribution and age study.
AB  - High performance liquid chromatography (HPCL) has been employed to study the
      distribution throughout the human retina of zeaxanthin and lutein, the two major
      components of the macular pigment. Differences between individuals have also been
      studied with a view to uncovering possible age-related effects. Both pigments
      were detected in prenatal eyes (approximately 20 weeks gestation) but did not
      form a visible yellow spot. Generally they were not easily discernible until
      about 6 months after birth. For 87 donors between the ages of 3 and 95, no
      dependence on age was observed in the quantity of either pigment. For
      approximately 90% of these, zeaxanthin was dominant. For the remaining 10%, as
      well as for the seven youngest donors, all below the age of 2, and in prenatal
      eyes, lutein was the major pigment. In individual retinas, the lutein:zeaxanthin
      ratio increased from an average of approximately 1:2.4 in the central 0-0.25 mm
      to over 2:1 in the periphery (8.7-12.2 mm). The variation in this ratio with
      eccentricity was linearly correlated with the corresponding rod:cone ratio. A
      selective mechanism of uptake, which results in cones and rods preferentially
      acquiring zeaxanthin and lutein, respectively, could explain this correlation.

PMID- 3372162
TI  - Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina.
AB  - The carotenoid pigments in the whole human retina and in the macular region were
      measured quantitatively by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
      Approximately a five-fold larger amount of carotenoids was found in the human
      macula (35-120 ng) than in previously reported work. The dominant carotenoids in
      the whole retina are lutein and zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin is concentrated in the
      macular region, whereas lutein is dispersed throughout the entire retina.
      Contrary to prior reports, substantial quantities of both carotenoids are present
      in the infant retina. Increasing variability is observed in carotenoid levels
      between individuals with advancing age, and some older individuals show very high
      whole retina carotenoid levels. These quantitative studies were made possible by
      synthesis of a new, stable carotenoid internal standard. Carotenoids have been
      proposed to be potent antioxidants, protecting membrane lipids from toxic
      peroxidation reactions. The method presented in this study will facilitate
      quantitative investigations of the association between carotenoid levels and
      health and disease of the retina.

PMID- 3372163
TI  - Increased ocular blood flow and 125I-albumin permeation in galactose-fed rats:
      inhibition by sorbinil.
AB  - 125I-Albumin permeation and blood flow (assessed with 15 micron, 85Sr-labelled
      microspheres) were determined in the retina, choroid, anterior uvea, and brain of
      male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing 50% dextrin (control) or 50%
      galactose. Blood flow was increased in the retina, choroid, and anterior uvea but
      not in the brain of rats fed galactose for 3 weeks and 3 months versus controls,
      and was normalized by sorbinil (an inhibitor of aldose reductase) in the 3-week
      group. After 8 months of galactose feeding, blood flow was reduced to normal
      levels in the retina and was slightly below normal in the choroid; blood flow
      remained elevated in the anterior uvea but was significantly lower than that
      observed at 3 weeks and at 3 months. In rats fed galactose for 8 months, sorbinil
      completely normalized blood flow in the choroid, and decreased, but did not
      normalize, blood flow in the anterior uvea. 125I-Albumin permeation was increased
      in the retina, choroid, and anterior uvea of rats fed 50% galactose for 3 weeks,
      3 months, and 8 months versus controls, but was unchanged in the brain. Sorbinil
      normalized 125I-albumin permeation in all three ocular tissues in 8-month
      galactose-fed rats. Polyol levels were increased significantly in all three
      ocular tissues of 3-week galactose-fed rats; sorbinil markedly decreased, but did
      not normalize, polyol levels in all three tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3372164
TI  - Selective loss of retinal ganglion cells in albino avian glaucoma.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cell loss was investigated in the retinae of albino quails
      before and after the development of glaucoma. The isodensity maps of ganglion
      cells, the total number of ganglion cells, and the histograms of the cell size in
      the central region of the retina were similar between albino quails without
      glaucoma and pigmented quails. However, ganglion cells in the intermediate and
      peripheral regions of the albino quails retina without glaucoma were
      significantly smaller than those of the pigmented quail retina. In albino quails
      with moderate glaucoma in 3 months of age, 11% to 55% of all the retinal ganglion
      cells had disappeared, with the loss of medium-sized cells (30-60 micron2
      occurring earlier than that of small and large cells. In albino quails with
      advanced glaucoma, there was marked cupping around the optic nerve head, and only
      small ganglion cells remained in the ganglion cell layer.

PMID- 3372165
TI  - Threshold variability with an automated LED perimeter.
AB  - The CooperVision Dicon AP 2000 does not project the stimulus onto an existing
      background, but produces the test stimuli with light emitting diodes (LEDs)
      recessed in a dark cavity in the perimetric bowl. Nearly everywhere in the visual
      field, the visibility threshold with the Dicon instrument seems equivalent to
      that obtained with projection perimeters, but in the most sensitive retinal areas
      we found the threshold stimulus (Is) to be sometimes dimmer than the "background"
      (Ib), which surrounds the stimulus, making a negative differential threshold
      (delta L = Is - Ib). In other words, where a dark cavity is imaged on a very
      sensitive portion of the retina, the visual mechanism may perceive the switching
      on of a stimulus of a lower intensity (Is) than the "background" light (Ib) that
      floods only the surrounding retina. In retinal regions where this happens, we
      found the variability of retesting of threshold to be much greater than at
      locations with threshold stimuli that are more intense than the "background".
      When we modified the instrument by placing a diffuser over the LED to provide a
      preexistent "background" at the test location equivalent to that of the surround,
      the greater variability disappeared, and the threshold results resembled those of
      projection perimetry even at the most sensitive retinal areas. Variability was
      also reduced with shortened stimulus durations.

PMID- 3372166
TI  - Effect of number of elements and size of stimulus field on recordability of
      pattern reversal visual evoked response.
AB  - The interrelationships among amplitude of the pattern reversal visual evoked
      response (VER), check size (spatial frequency) of the stimulus pattern elements,
      size of the stimulus field, and number of elements in the stimulus field were
      investigated. When the stimulus field was smaller than 4.0 degrees X 4.0 degrees,
      the VER amplitude-check size curve had a high-pass filter shape. When the
      stimulus field was larger than 5.0 degrees X 5.0 degrees, the curve showed the
      inverted-U shape. At the largest stimulus field, 12.0 degrees X 12.0 degrees, the
      curve retained the inverted-U shape, but its peak moved to a larger check size.
      With smaller check sizes (10 and 20 min), the VER amplitude increased up to a
      certain stimulus field size and then showed either saturation or a decrease. When
      the number of elements in the stimulus field was less than 40, the VER amplitude
      did not increase significantly in all check sizes. Above this number of elements
      in the field, the amplitude increased linearly until saturation was observed at
      an element number of 300-400. We concluded that the amplitude of the pattern
      reversal VER depended strongly on the interrelationship among check size,
      stimulus field size, and number of elements in the field.

PMID- 3372167
TI  - Anesthetic-induced corneal lesions in developmentally sensitive rats.
AB  - Developmental critical periods for the induction of abnormalities by exposure to
      exogenous substances need not be confined to the early embryonic stage of
      organogenesis. The combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, two
      commonly used anesthetic agents, resulted in a corneal epithelial calcium
      deposition in 84% of rat pups whose exposure was limited to a single injection
      during the third postnatal week only. Concurrent exposure to ketamine
      hydrochloride, xylazine, and yohimbine, an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor
      antagonist, resulted in corneal lesions in only 6% of rat pups so exposed. The
      etiology is presently not understood but may involve interference with neurally
      directed corneal development. Corneal desiccation may also play a role. Altered
      drug metabolism, and toxic interactions resulting from a changing oxygen or light
      milieu are less likely etiologic mechanisms. Aspects of corneal development and
      mechanisms by which drugs can interact with and disturb normal maturational
      sequences can now be approached.

PMID- 3372168
TI  - Preliminary characterization of a polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulant isolated
      from alkali-treated collagen.
AB  - This study reports the preliminary characterization of a stimulant released from
      alkali-treated collagen which activates the respiratory burst of PMNs. The
      supernatant fraction from alkali-treated collagen (SATC) was precipitated with
      ammonium sulfate, resuspended, and centrifuged through a sucrose gradient (10
      30%, W/V). Proteins were detected throughout the gradient but PMN stimulatory
      activity was found mainly in fractions 1 and 2 (bottom of gradient), indicating a
      very high molecular weight. When SATC was layered on a denser sucrose gradient
      (20-85%, W/V), protein was spread over the upper half of the gradient. The peak
      of PMN stimulatory activity was found in the middle of the gradient (fractions 8
      and 9), indicating a molecular weight similar to the 200,000 dalton standard.
      High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of fractions from this heavier sucrose
      gradient showed a small peak, followed by a much higher main peak. The small
      peak, with the highest molecular weight peptide, is responsible for stimulation
      of the respiratory burst of PMNs (fraction 8 and 9). The source of this stimulant
      is yet to be determined.

PMID- 3372169
TI  - Morphogenesis of rat conjunctival goblet cells.
AB  - Conjunctival flat-mount preparations stained with alcian blue and PAS were used
      to study the development and mucin differentiation of conjunctival goblet cells
      in Sprague-Dawley rats from newborn to 17 months of age. In the neonatal
      conjunctiva, only single goblet cells containing primarily acidic mucin (alcian
      blue positive) were noted. With the increase of age, the rat conjunctival goblet
      cells were in clusters with heterogeneous mucin contents, which differ from the
      nonclustered, single goblet cells of human and rabbit conjunctiva. Topographical
      analysis revealed that the density and size of goblet cell clusters were highest
      in the forniceal zone, with gradual decrease towards the bulbar and orbital
      zones. and were absent in the limbal and tarsal conjunctiva in all ages. The
      goblet cells in the forniceal zone contained predominantly acidic mucin in all
      ages, except that selective loss of acidic mucin with vacuolation of the clusters
      was noted in the 17-month-old rats. Despite the fact that the size of the goblet
      cell clusters increased with age, the overall density of the clusters remained
      rather constant throughout the ages studied. These results indicate that each
      goblet cell cluster may derive from a single progenitor (stem) cell and
      represents a glandular primordium, and that goblet cell development and mucin
      differentiation are modulated by the aging process.

PMID- 3372171
TI  - Preretinal oxygen changes in the rabbit under conditions of light and dark.
AB  - Preretinal oxygen measurements were made in pigmented rabbits under conditions of
      light and dark. The avascular rabbit retina was chosen to eliminate the effects
      of autoregulation by the retinal vasculature, thus more clearly defining the role
      of the photoreceptors on preretinal measurements of oxygen delivery from the
      choroid. Measurements were made 50-100 micron away from the retina using oxygen
      microelectrodes. An average preretinal oxygen value of 9.8 +/- 1.3 SE mm Hg (n =
      12) was measured in room light under normoxic conditions. A change from light to
      dark conditions always resulted in a measured decrease in preretinal oxygen
      levels. During the first 30 min of dark adaptation, a 25.8% (+/- 5.5% SD)
      decrease was obtained. This oxygen decrease is reversible during sequential light
      adaptation, reaching plateau in approximately 15-20 min. These results indicate
      that the photoreceptors have a significant effect on choroidal oxygen
      transmission across the retina.

PMID- 3372170
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide removal by the calf aqueous outflow pathway.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that aqueous humor of calf and human eyes contains
      about 25 microM hydrogen peroxide. We have studied the removal of hydrogen
      peroxide by the outflow pathway of intact, freshly enucleated, calf eyes. Eyes
      were immersed under silicone oil that had a density greater than water and medium
      containing various agents was perfused into the anterior chamber. Medium passing
      through the trabecular meshwork and out the cut ends of the aqueous veins was
      trapped by the silicone oil and harvested. By measuring the concentration of
      hydrogen peroxide in the anterior chamber and in the emerging medium, we were
      able to study the rate of removal by the outflow structures and the effect of
      inhibitors on this rate. At 1 mM hydrogen peroxide, the amount emerging was
      undetectable by our methods. At 10 mM, the results were inconsistent, suggesting
      that tissue damage may have been occurring. At 5 mM, the concentration in the
      emerging medium was reduced 150-1000-fold, depending on time and conditions. This
      rate of removal could be reduced by 3-aminotriazole, reaching a maximum
      inhibition of about 50% at 80 mM. Addition of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1
      nitrosourea (BCNU) to further inhibit removal did not yield reliable results
      unless the concentration of H2O2 was lowered below 5 mM. Using loss of lactate
      dehydrogenase activity as a measure of cell damage, we found a 30% drop in
      activity after perfusing with BCNU, diamide, and 3-aminotriazole, followed by 3
      hr with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372172
TI  - Comparison of proteins in lacrimal gland fluid secreted in response to different
      stimuli.
AB  - To determine if different stimuli cause secretion of different proteins in
      lacrimal gland fluid (LGF), rabbits were anesthetized and LGF collected under
      baseline conditions (with the local anesthetic proparacaine), with ocular
      reflexes present, and in response to arterial injection of the cholinergic
      agonist acetylcholine (ACh) or the peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
      Proteins in LGF were separated by nondenatured gradient polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. Except for minor differences, the number, the approximate
      molecular weights, and the amounts were the same in LGF secreted in response to
      four different stimuli. We concluded that the different stimuli caused protein
      release either from the same secretory cells or from different populations of
      secretory cells with the same secretory proteins.

PMID- 3372173
TI  - A new technique for subchoroidal implantation of experimental malignant melanoma.
AB  - A new technique for implanting Greene hamster amelanotic melanoma cells into the
      rabbit eye is described. The technique involves the deposition of a tumor
      fragment into the subchoroidal space via a transvitreal approach. Thirty rabbit
      eyes were implanted with 26 successful tumor growths producing solitary choroidal
      nodules. This technique offers the advantages of rapid implantation, the ability
      to precisely choose the site of implantation including posterior sites, and
      eliminates the need for a large scleral incision.

PMID- 3372174
TI  - Optimization of computed tomography technique to demonstrate the fine structure
      of the lung.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to optimize the reconstruction algorithm
      and the slice thickness of computed tomography (CT) for the study of the fine
      structure of the lung. In 75 patients, we performed routine thoracic CT
      examination and obtained two high-resolution CT (HRCT) slices at the same level
      using the standard and bone algorithms, or using the slice thickness of 1.5 mm
      and 3.0 mm. Side-by-side comparison of the standard and bone images revealed that
      more branching of the small vessels and more small bronchi could be recognized on
      the bone image than on the standard image. Thickened bronchovascular bundles and
      interlobular septa were demonstrated more clearly on the bone image than on the
      standard image. There was no significant difference in the CT attenuation value
      between the standard and bone images. The difference between 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm
      images when demonstrating the small vessels and bronchi was minimal in such
      lesions as lymphangitis carcinomatosa and radiation fibrosis. Thus HRCT, with a
      slice thickness of 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm reconstructed by the bone algorithm, is
      suitable for the demonstration of the fine structure of the lung.

PMID- 3372175
TI  - A comparison of 35 mm cine film and digital radiographic image recording:
      implications for quantitative coronary arteriography. Film vs. digital coronary
      quantification.
AB  - To assess potential differences in the intrinsic properties of image recording
      media and their impact on quantitative coronary arteriography, we used an
      automatic quantitative arteriography computer program to analyze cine film and
      digital radiographic images of a radiographic arterial phantom. The phantom
      consisted of a lucite plate with precision-drilled lumena ranging from 0.5 to 5.0
      mm in diameter. Film images were digitized at 2048 X 2048 pixel resolution, and
      digital radiographic images were acquired at 512 X 512 and 1024 X 1024
      resolution. Arterial geometric diameter, percent diameter stenosis, densitometric
      relative cross-sectional area, and densitometric percent area stenosis were
      measured. All three techniques were equivalent in measuring diameters with a high
      degree of overall accuracy (R greater than .992). All methods overestimated
      diameters below 1.0 mm. Both 512 X 512 and 1024 X 1024 digital images were
      superior to film for densitometric measurement of relative area (R = .995 vs. R =
      .940, P = .0032). We conclude that automated analysis of digital radiographic
      images yields results that are similar in geometric precision but greater in
      densitometric precision than film analysis.

PMID- 3372176
TI  - The hemodynamic effects of the administration of ionic and nonionic contrast
      materials into the pulmonary arteries of a canine model of acute pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Clinical studies have shown pulmonary and right ventricular hypertension to be
      important factors increasing the risk to patients during pulmonary angiography.
      This experiment was undertaken to define the hemodynamic changes induced by the
      administration of contrast material into the pulmonary arteries of dogs with
      embolic pulmonary hypertension, and to compare the effects of ionic and nonionic
      agents. Ten closed-chest dogs under light halothan anesthesia were subjected to
      pulmonary embolization with sephadex microspheres until severe pulmonary
      hypertension occurred and the cardiac output decreased to 50%-60% of the pre
      embolization baseline. Intra-pulmonary injections of contrast material were
      performed in eight animals while hemodynamic indices were measured. Sodium
      methylglucamine diatrizoate induced severe, transient, hypotension associated
      with a large decrease in systemic vascular resistance and little change in the
      cardiac output. Hypotension is especially undesirable in the presence of
      pulmonary hypertension because it worsens the preexisting coronary ischemia and
      compromised right ventricular function. No elevation in mean pulmonary artery
      pressure was seen, and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased. Iohexol induced
      milder effects, perhaps because it exerts a less severe systemic vasodilatory
      effect and is not a negative inotrope. These findings suggest iohexol may be
      safer in the high risk patient, however, these data may not be directly applied
      to unanesthetized humans.

PMID- 3372177
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower vertebral column in patients with
      multiple myeloma.
AB  - Eighteen patients with multiple myeloma (clinical stages 1-3) and a control group
      of 21 persons underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the lower
      thoracic and lumbar spine. This was done to determine the potential benefit of
      MRI in addition to conventional radiographs, tomograms, computed tomography and
      nuclear scans. In addition to focal fatty replacement of normal hematopoietic
      marrow, which presented as focal hyperintense lesions on T1-weighted images (T1
      WI) and on T2-weighted images (T2-WI), two types of myelomatous lesions were
      found: (1) focal areas with reduced signal intensity when compared with normal
      bone marrow on T1-WI and enhanced signal intensity on T2-WI, mainly found in
      untreated myelomas; and (2) focal areas of decreased signal intensity on T1-WI
      and on T2-WI, which were predominantly detected after previous radiation therapy.
      MRI surpassed conventional radiography in detecting abnormal focal marrow
      infiltration in 41 of 247 vertebrae. Radiographs identified only 11 of the 41 as
      pathologic, based on shape and structure of the vertebral bodies; however, 15
      other collapsed vertebrae showed no signal abnormalities of the marrow on MR
      images. Discrimination of normals and abnormals by statistical analysis of
      intensity measurements of the bone marrow was not possible.

PMID- 3372178
TI  - Uptake of cadmium-109, a metallothionein-binding radiometal, by tumors in mice as
      a function of the transformed phenotype.
AB  - Metallothionein (MT) is an intracellular protein that binds many metals with
      isotopes having imaging or radiotherapeutic potential. To determine whether
      uptake of radioisotopes that bind to MT is increased in tumors, we measured the
      uptake of cadmium-109 (Cd-109) in tumors and in normal tissues of mice. Tumors
      were grown in Balb/C mice from cultured Balb/3T3 cells transformed by the Moloney
      murine sarcoma virus (MMSV). Uptake of Cd-109 by MMSV tumors exceeded that by
      normal tissues examined, with the exception of liver and kidney (the organs known
      to be richest in metallothionein). The MMSV tumor:background ratios of activity
      were greater for Cd-109 than for gallium-67 for many of the normal tissues
      examined. The magnitude of uptake of Cd-109 by tumors from four related cell
      lines paralleled their degree of expression of two indices of the transformed, or
      malignant, phenotype. We conclude that metals that bind to MT may be useful for
      imaging or radiotherapy of cancer.

PMID- 3372179
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation during right coronary arteriography with ioxaglate,
      iohexol and iopamidol in dogs.
AB  - Radiograph contrast media (CM) are known to produce myocardial disturbances
      during cardiac angiography. The most severe electrical disturbance is ventricular
      fibrillation (VF). Previous studies using prolonged right coronary exposures have
      demonstrated a higher incidence of VF with dilute low sodium CM than with dilute
      CM containing more physiologic levels of sodium. In this study the incidence of
      VF was examined for more conventional concentrations of iopamidol, iohexol and
      ioxaglate and for sodium supplemented iohexol. The incidence of VF was determined
      during 25-second injections of contrast media into the canine right coronary
      artery at a rate of 0.4 mL/sec. Injections of iohexol and iopamidol at
      concentrations of 160, 240 and 320 mgI/mL produced significantly more VF (P less
      than .005, Fisher Exact Test) than meglumine/sodium ioxaglate or iohexol
      supplemented with 20 mM sodium chloride. The time required to produce a 50%
      incidence of VF with iohexol and iopamidol was significantly related to sodium
      concentration (r = .92, P less than .01).

PMID- 3372180
TI  - Terbutaline in diagnosis of interstitial fallopian tube obstruction.
AB  - Effectiveness of terbutaline, a potent uterine muscle relaxant, for
      differentiation of temporary and anatomic interstitial fallopian tube obstruction
      (IFTO) at hysterosalpingography (HSG) was explored. In 43 IFTO evaluated, HSG
      after terbutaline showed patency in only one of 16 tubes in which IFTO was caused
      by spasm or other temporary cause. We conclude that terbutaline is not helpful in
      differentiating temporary from anatomic tubal obstruction during HSG.

PMID- 3372181
TI  - Reduction of radiation exposure during gastrointestinal biopsy procedures in
      children.

PMID- 3372182
TI  - Examination of the nephrographic potential of iotrol by computed tomography.
AB  - The x-ray attenuation of the renal cortex of dogs, as determined by computed
      tomographic (CT) scanning, was measured over a three-day period after an
      intravenous bolus of 600 mg I/kg of iotrol or iopamidol. A slightly higher
      density observed 24 hours after injection of iotrol was not considered
      significant, and was not considered sufficient to warrant clinical application of
      iotrol for specific, prolonged renal enhancement.

PMID- 3372183
TI  - Teaching residents to write.

PMID- 3372184
TI  - Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm secondary to aortic valve endocarditis.

PMID- 3372186
TI  - The importance of economics in academic radiology (or 'money talks').

PMID- 3372185
TI  - Microcomputer-assisted residency data management.
AB  - During the 1986-87 academic year, residency call and rotation data were stored,
      manipulated and disseminated with the aid of the microcomputer. The intent was to
      correct past discrepancies and ensure impartiality while improving efficiency and
      accountability. Objectively, a comparison of call data before and since this
      system has been in operation shows that calls have become more fairly
      distributed. Subjectively, the system has been well-received by residents, staff,
      and clinicians, and has been permanently incorporated into the residency.

PMID- 3372187
TI  - Recurrent colorectal carcinoma: evaluation with barium enema examination and CT.

PMID- 3372188
TI  - When tomorrow comes: computerized decision making.

PMID- 3372189
TI  - Enhanced interpretation of diagnostic images.
AB  - In radiology, as in various other fields, observers study images to detect and
      diagnose underlying conditions. They make assessments of several image features
      and merge them into an overall decision. Demonstration is given here, in the
      context of mammography, that objective aids to this interpretative process can
      substantially improve accuracy, even for sophisticated and motivated
      radiologists. The aids are a checklist that solicits explicit, quantitative,
      systematic assessments of the important features of an image and a computer
      program that merges those assessments with optimal weights. The computer issues
      estimates of the likelihoods that specified conditions are present (in this
      study, the likelihood that a localized abnormality is malignant), and the
      radiologist benefits from taking those estimates as guidance.

PMID- 3372190
TI  - Detection of emphysema with computed tomography. Correlation with pulmonary
      function tests and chest radiography.
AB  - We studied 60 male patients who had concurrent chest films (CXR), computed
      tomography scans (CT) and pulmonary function tests (PFT) to assess the
      sensitivity of CT and conventional films in detecting emphysema compared with
      PFT. We also sought to determine whether emphysema could be diagnosed by CT in
      patients with normal pulmonary function. Using a method similar to that proposed
      by Bergin, we scored the severity of emphysema depicted by CT, and using arterial
      deficiency and bullae as criteria, we estimated the degree of emphysema on CXR.
      There was a significant inverse correlation between CT scores for emphysema and
      percentage predicted values of DLco/VA (r = -0.650), FEV1 (r = -0.552), and FVC
      (r = -0.409), (P less than 0.001). A significant but smaller correlation also was
      noted with the CXR scores and percentage predicted: DLco/VA (r = -0.564), FEV1 (r
      = -0.454), and FVC (r = -0.355), (P less than 0.005). When decreased diffusion
      capacity and airway obstruction were used as functional criteria of emphysema, CT
      was as sensitive as PFT and more sensitive than CXR in detecting emphysema (96%
      vs. 68%). There was CT evidence of emphysema in 69% (24/35) of patients who did
      not have functional findings of emphysema. In 12 pathologic specimens available
      for review, 11 had emphysema by CT and pathologic examination; one patient had
      centrilobular emphysema undetected by CT. We conclude that CT is as sensitive as
      PFT in detecting emphysema and more sensitive than conventional radiography. CT
      may be more sensitive than PFT in detecting mild emphysema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372191
TI  - Computed radiographic evaluation of simulated pulmonary nodules. Preliminary
      results.
AB  - We evaluated the capabilities of a computed radiography system (CRS) and a
      standard radiography system (SRS) in the detection of simulated solitary
      pulmonary lung nodules of various sizes and contrast. A phantom simulated the
      pulmonary anatomy, and specially shaped plexiglass disks were externally mounted
      to simulate solitary pulmonary nodules of different diameters and thicknesses.
      ROC curves were generated based on the performance of each of the radiologists
      observing each film set. In this preliminary study, the overall performance for
      both the CRS and the SRS were comparable in detecting simulated pulmonary
      nodules.

PMID- 3372193
TI  - Developmental changes in proton magnetic resonance relaxation times of cardiac
      and skeletal muscle.
AB  - Proton magnetic resonance relaxation time measurements were used to study
      developmental changes in rabbit cardiac and skeletal muscles during the last days
      of gestation and at several postnatal times. Tissue water content decreased
      steadily during late fetal and early postnatal stages of development. During this
      period T1 and T2 for cardiac and skeletal muscles also decreased. The relaxation
      times stabilized after the 20th postnatal day, and at this juncture the T1 and T2
      values for myocardium remained consistently higher than for skeletal muscle. The
      developmental changes in proton relaxation time probably represent changes in
      water distribution and mobility as well as macromolecular structure during muscle
      maturation.

PMID- 3372192
TI  - Magnetic resonance, pathology and physiology of the BA1112 rhabdomyosarcoma in
      vivo.
AB  - We studied histology, findings on H-1 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and
      correlations of P-31 MR spectroscopy with microelectrode pH and pO2 measurements
      in the BA1112 rhabdomyosarcoma in WAG/Rij/Y rats. Intratumoral hemorrhage was a
      prominent feature on MR images and pathologic specimens. Eosinophilic necrosis
      could be seen microscopically but was not discernible on images. The peaks seen
      on P-31 MR spectra were similar to those reported in other tumors. The
      intratumoral pH was neutral despite low pO2 values and P-31 MR evidence for
      impaired metabolic status.

PMID- 3372194
TI  - Determination of leg length discrepancy. A comparison of weight-bearing and
      supine imaging.
AB  - Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may be determined by comparison of leg (lower
      extremity) lengths measured during physical examination or by radiographic means.
      Leg lengths may be measured with the patient in standing, weight-bearing position
      or in supine position. We used a low dose digital radiographic unit to test the
      hypothesis that there is a difference in LLD determined from radiographs obtained
      with the patient standing and those obtained with the patient supine.
      Conventional physical examination measurements also were compared with the
      radiographic measurements. The amount of LLD that is clinically meaningful has
      not been established, although 10 to 12 mm has been used as a threshold
      difference of clinical meaningfulness in the past. Analysis of our data, using 10
      mm as the threshold of difference, reveals high level correlation by linear
      regression analysis and no significant difference by t-test between measurements
      obtained from standing and supine radiographs. A weak correlation and statistical
      difference existed between each set of radiographic measurements and physical
      examination measurements.

PMID- 3372195
TI  - Measurement of trabecular bone mineral density in the femur in vitro by using the
      coherent to Compton scatter ratio.

PMID- 3372196
TI  - Residencies in diagnostic radiology and perception of residents: 1987 A3CR2
      survey.

PMID- 3372197
TI  - A categorical course curriculum for radiology residencies.
AB  - A categorical course curriculum was introduced at Brooke Army Medical Center to
      focus the content of daily conferences and lectures according to radiology
      subspecialties. Our goal was to improve the traditional uncoordinated conferences
      and apprenticeship approach to resident learning. After one-year's experience,
      resident performance has improved, and residents and staff greatly prefer this
      style of teaching. The format has been adopted.

PMID- 3372198
TI  - A blinded clinical comparison of MR imaging and CT in neuroradiology.

PMID- 3372199
TI  - Breast calcifications in renal hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 3372200
TI  - Reinventing the wheel.

PMID- 3372201
TI  - The making of a doctor--1988.

PMID- 3372202
TI  - Learning to interact with colleagues--statewide!

PMID- 3372203
TI  - Gallstone lithotripsy: a promising new therapy.

PMID- 3372204
TI  - Uncommon presentation of a common infection: mycoplasmal pneumonia.

PMID- 3372205
TI  - The rise and fall of heroin use in an inner city area of Dublin.

PMID- 3372206
TI  - Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis: variable immunologically determined reactions to a
      common cause?

PMID- 3372207
TI  - Cholesterol and triglyceride reference ranges in the Republic of Ireland.

PMID- 3372208
TI  - Computerized tomographic scanning in ophthalmoplegic migraine.

PMID- 3372209
TI  - Irish Perinatal Society. 1986 and 1987 meetings. Abstracts.

PMID- 3372210
TI  - Human left main coronary artery blood flow: noninvasive Doppler echocardiography
      with sample volume tracking.
AB  - We developed sample volume tracking units that controlled the pulsed ultrasonic
      Doppler sample volume location in relation with the anterior-posterior movement
      of the human left main coronary artery (LMCA). Combined with noninvasive Doppler
      echocardiographic mechanical sector scanners (DS), the trackers controlled the
      axial location of the sample volume by range gate control. The Doppler angle was
      minimized with the long axis of the imaged LMCA. Both stored waveform, memory
      driven (MD) and real-time (RT) trackers were developed. These devices were used
      to measure blood velocity spectral waveforms and lumen diameters, which were used
      to calculate flow. Using the RT tracker, we compared DS measurements with known
      flows (0-1000 ml/min) in a moving 4 mm tygon tubing phantom (r = 0.92, SEE = 32
      ml/min). Using the MD tracker, we compared the DS with simultaneous invasive flow
      measurements in 11 patients with angiographically normal coronaries and
      ventricular function during cardiac catheterization. Using the RT tracker, we
      compared the DS measurements with subsequent nonsimultaneous, invasive flow data
      in 8 similar patients. Invasively determined flows were calculated from
      angiographic diameters and blood velocities which were obtained with a Doppler
      velocimeter catheter. Regression coefficients (r) were: (Table: see text). V =
      maximum velocity, D = diameter, Q = mean flow, *p less than .05 Interoperator and
      intraoperator variabilities in vivo of DS measurements with RT tracking were 21%
      and 15%, respectively. We conclude that Doppler echocardiography with either MD
      or RT sample volume tracking may be of limited clinical usefulness in the
      noninvasive measurement of phasic left main coronary artery blood flow in
      unselected patients.

PMID- 3372212
TI  - Dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in diminutive polyps of the large bowel.
AB  - The personal endoscopic experience regarding diminutive polyps (5 mm or less in
      diameter) of the colon and rectum is reported in order to evaluate the increased
      cancer risk related to these lesions. A total of 462 colo-rectal diminutive
      polyps, endoscopically removed by diathermy, have been considered in this study.
      The histopathologic examination of these lesions evidenced a high incidence of
      adenomatous polyps (69.9%), with dominance of the tubular histologic type. While
      mild dysplastic alterations were prevalent, moderate and severe dysplasia were
      observed to a lesser extent (18.9 and 1.9%) and only one case with focal
      carcinomatous area (1/323 = 0.3%) was recognized. In conclusion, for these
      lesions, even if minute in size, a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence should be
      considered whenever the adenomatous histologic type is evidenced and their
      increased risk of developing into cancer should be carefully evaluated for a
      correct diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

PMID- 3372211
TI  - Mastectomized woman's acquired knowledge about and attitude towards breast
      reconstruction. A prospective survey on 100 cases.
AB  - A prospective, study was carried out on 100 mastectomized women. Each patient was
      given a questionnaire concerning her awareness of the diagnosis, reaction to the
      operation, relationship with her own body, cosmetic solution chosen, feminine
      ideal, sources of information about breast reconstruction, acquired knowledge
      about it, attitude and motivation towards a possible plastic operation. This
      survey underlines that the relationship between the doctor and the neoplastic
      patient is hindered by the patient's lack of knowledge about her disease and
      about the possibility of rehabilitation by means of reconstructive surgery. 42%
      of the patients actually ignored the reason for their mutilation, and 53% of the
      women interviewed were shown not to be sufficiently informed about the
      possibility of plastic surgery, even though this kind of information has been
      recognised by many authors as fundamental for the patient's physical,
      psychological and esthetic welfare. 59% reported to have been informed by sources
      other than physicians although they are the most qualified. However 82% of all
      women showed a positive attitude towards the possibility of breast
      reconstruction: the mutilation experienced seemed to be such a strong motivation
      that factors such as sociocultural background and acquired knowledge about
      reconstruction itself were apparently unimportant.

PMID- 3372213
TI  - Complications in surgery of the right colon.
AB  - One hundred and fifteen cases of right hemicolectomy for cancer or others
      pathological conditions, operated on over a 5-year period, were evaluated. The
      overall incidence of complications was high (47%). A more thorough analysis of
      data showed that infective complications, such as bronchopneumonia (27.8%) and
      urinary infections (10.4%) markedly affected this incidence. In contrast, there
      was a much lower incidence of surgical complications mainly wound infection
      (14.8%) and anastomotic fistulas (4%), the incidence of which was lower than that
      reported in the literature. Furthermore, the difference between stapled and hand
      made sutures, in terms of fistulas, was only 2%, in favour of the former.

PMID- 3372214
TI  - Prophylaxis and treatment of inflammatory anorectal complications in leukemia.
AB  - Forty leukemic patients with inflammatory anorectal complications were examined.
      Twenty two were affected by acute lymphatic leukemia, 10 by chronic lymphatic
      leukemia, 6 by acute myelocytic leukemia and 2 by non H lymphoma and chronic
      myelocytic leukemia, respectively. In all cases surgery was indicated not only to
      treat the anorectal complication, but mainly to resume the antiblastic
      chemotherapy discontinued because of the risk of sepsis and to prevent the
      failure of bone marrow transplantation in patients with chronic myelocytic
      leukemia. The underlying malignant disease and the altered platelet, white blood
      cell and neutrophil levels were shown to be the major factors conditioning the
      surgical treatment. In 2 cases, acute recurrence of the underlying disease and
      the development of a graft verus host disease have been the cause of death. It is
      concluded that in patients eligible for bone marrow transplantation or undergoing
      radio and/or chemotherapy, local and general antinfective prophylaxis is of
      paramount importance to decrease the risk of inflammatory anorectal
      complications.

PMID- 3372215
TI  - A new sphincter-splitting operation for surgical access to low-lying tumors of
      the rectum.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients underwent anterior anorectotomy for removal of intrarectal
      tumor. The mean age of patients was 69 years: 33 were over 70.26 tumors were
      benign and 32 malignant. There were no postoperative deaths during hospital stay
      or the 30 days following discharge. Six abscesses and 2 self-limiting urethral
      fistulas were diagnosed in 2 male patients. The wound healed at day 14 on the
      average. Sphincter function was judged to be poor or average in 2 cases each and
      normal in the remaining 54. One patient had local recurrence at 6 years, amenable
      to reoperation. Five patients died of their cancer between 10 months and 2 years.
      Anterior anorectotomy permits exposition up to 14 cm from the anal verge, is not
      mutilating, can be performed under spinal anesthesia, and is recommended for
      removal of benign rectal tumors as well as small carcinomas in patients
      physically or mentally unfit for major abdominal surgery.

PMID- 3372216
TI  - Pre-surgery information and psychological adjustment to enterostomy.
AB  - The post-surgery psychological adjustment to enterostomy was examined in a
      longitudinal study of 120 patients. Subjects were representative of the general
      enterostomy patients population. All had undergone surgery in various hospitals
      located in Rome and its surroundings. Adjustment to enterostomy was
      longitudinally evaluated by interviewing patients at various intervals after
      enterostomy: soon after surgery; 1 year after surgery; more than 1 year after
      surgery. When patients were initially interviewed, information was requested on
      how they were informed of their clinical condition which led to surgery, as well
      as of enterostomy and its consequences. 42% reported a low level of understanding
      about enterostomy on the basis of information received during hospitalization.
      Patients were consequently divided into two groups, one including those judged as
      adequately informed (AI), and the other including those judged as not adequately
      informed (NAI). These groups were compared, for immediate adjustment to
      enterostomy (within 3-6 mos. since surgery), delayed adjustment (1 yr. since
      surgery), and prolonged adjustment (more than 1 yr. since surgery). Patients of
      NAI group demonstrated a consistently poorer pattern of adjustment in all
      parameters under study (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social) and their
      adjustment to enterostomy did not show any spontaneous improvement over the time.
      AI patients, on the other hand, showed a more favorable level of adjustment since
      after surgery and a more positive pattern in the follow-up period. Adequate
      information before surgery and during hospitalization has been evidenced as a
      necessary component of patient care and a very important element in determining
      the optimal functional and psychological recovery of patients with
      enterostomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372217
TI  - Ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta.
AB  - The experience with ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta is reported. Out of
      395 aneurysms observed, 78 were ruptured. A review of case histories and an
      analysis of the causes of death demonstrate the importance of prompt diagnosis
      and early operation: delay and the use of complicated (TC) or invasive
      (angiography) instrumental examinations does not appear justified since clinical
      symptoms, plain standard abdominal films and ultrasound almost always lead to
      prompt diagnosis. Notwithstanding the improvements in resuscitation and intensive
      care procedures, a significant difference persists between the mortality rate of
      elective surgery (3 to 8%) and that of emergency surgery. There were 28 deaths
      (36%) for emergency surgery as against 3.4% for operations performed for non
      ruptured aneurysms. This confirms the need for preventive treatment of aneurysmal
      lesions of the abdominal aorta, since even aneurysms smaller than 5 cm may
      rupture.

PMID- 3372218
TI  - Successful resection of a thymoma in an elderly patient.
AB  - The case of an 83 year-old male patient undergoing resection of a bulky thymoma
      situated in the anterior mediastinum is presented. A standard mid-line sternotomy
      approach was chosen and the left pleural space was widely opened in order to
      control the left edge of the tumor bulging in the left hemithorax. Macroscopic
      and histologic examination of the resected specimen evidenced a medullary thymoma
      without infiltration although tight adhesions between the tumor and the left
      brachiocephalic vein were present. Postoperative course was uneventful and the
      patient was discharged in good general condition nine days after surgery.

PMID- 3372219
TI  - Rectal carcinoid tumors. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of rectal carcinoid tumors are reported. In the first case the
      endoscopic diagnosis was intramural rectal neoformation. At histology, rectal
      carcinoid tumor with infiltration of the muscularis mucosae was diagnosed.
      Abdominoperineal resection was performed. The patient is still living 3 years
      following surgery. In the second case, the endoscopic diagnosis was non
      adenomatous polyp. Endoscopic polypectomy was performed. At histology, rectal
      carcinoid tumor was diagnosed. The patient is still living 2 years following
      surgery.

PMID- 3372220
TI  - Delayed bilateral ureteral fistula following abdominoperineal resection: a case
      report.
AB  - A case of delayed bilateral ischemic necrosis of the pelvic ureter in a 66-year
      old woman submitted to abdominal perineal resection and hysterectomy for advanced
      rectal cancer, is reported. Five days after the operation urine was observed in
      the perineal cavity. External urine diversion was carried out by catheterizing
      the ureteral stumps through the perineal cavity. The reconstructive procedure was
      performed at a later date by bilateral ureteroileocystoplasty with a
      defunctionalized loop. The vascular anatomy of the ureter is discussed to
      highlight the essential technical details useful for prevention of ischemic
      injury.

PMID- 3372221
TI  - Recent decline in gonorrhea incidence in Israel: possible association with the
      AIDS pandemic.
AB  - The effect of the AIDS pandemic on the sexual behavior of the general population
      has not been clearly established. Since trends in the incidence of other sexually
      transmitted diseases may be a good marker of such behavioral changes, gonorrhea
      incidence in the civilian and military populations in Israel was examined during
      the period 1963-87. In the civilian population, the rates were relatively stable
      until 1967, when they increased to a peak in 1970 and then declined to the
      earlier levels. In 1982 a further decline began, which accelerated considerably
      in 1986 when the rates declined by 38%. During 1987 the decline was even more
      dramatic, with a drop of 60% compared with the rate of the previous year. A
      similar trend has been noted in the military population. The recent sharp decline
      in gonorrhea incidence may be related, at least partly, to a change in sexual
      behavior associated with the fear of AIDS. If so, its magnitude suggests that
      such changes have not been restricted to high-risk groups.

PMID- 3372222
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to Ethiopian immigrants seropositive for
      syphilis.
AB  - Serologic tests for syphilis are frequently positive in Ethiopian Jewish
      immigrants in Israel. Forty-three of 358 adults (greater than 15 years of age)
      examined were found to have positive treponemal tests. Of the 418 children (1 to
      15 years of age) none were found to have positive treponemal serology. Forty
      seropositive adults were examined for signs of tertiary syphilis and underwent
      lumbar puncture. No evidence of skin or cardiovascular involvement of tertiary
      syphilis was found. In three patients whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was
      reactive in treponemal tests, there was no evidence of neuropsychiatric
      involvement. CSF cell count and protein content were normal in all three, and
      VDRL in the CSF was negative. None of the subjects was found to have stigmata of
      congenital syphilis. Negative serological findings in all the children led us to
      hypothesize whether the disease in question is venereal syphilis with an unusual
      course rather than endemic syphilis or yaws, both of which are known to exist in
      Africa. Due to the apparent benign course of syphilis in this ethnic group and
      recent evidence that lumbar puncture is not mandatory in patients with latent
      syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis, we suggest that CSF should not be
      routinely examined in these patients. In view of the recommendations in the
      literature and the data that we have collected, we strongly feel that treatment
      with weekly i.m. injections of 2.4 x 10(6) u benzathine penicillin for a 3-week
      period is sufficient.

PMID- 3372223
TI  - Surgical treatment of varicocele in children.
AB  - Fifty boys aged 6 to 14 years underwent surgery for left varicocele. Thirty-four
      patients underwent preoperative retrograde left renal venography and pressure
      measurements of both renal veins and inferior vena cava. In all patients an
      intraoperative antegrade renal venography was performed via the internal
      spermatic vein. The preoperative venographic studies revealed renospermatic
      reflux in all patients examined. The intraoperative studies demonstrated impaired
      renal venous drainage in 38 patients (Group A) and normal venous return in 12
      patients (Group B). Manometric studies revealed increased left renal venous
      pressure in Group A. In view of these anatomical and functional disorders, our
      preferred procedure is a retroperitoneal ligation and excision of the left
      internal spermatic vein. The retroperitoneum was thoroughly explored and all the
      visible collaterals of the internal spermatic vein ligated. Forty boys were
      followed for 1 to 5 years; the varicocele was completely resolved in 35 of them.
      Five patients had recurrent varicocele; recurrence was observed only in patients
      with increased left renal vein pressure (Group A).

PMID- 3372224
TI  - Local environmental risk factors in the acquisition of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3372225
TI  - Quick diagnosis of temporal arteritis.

PMID- 3372226
TI  - Cyclosporin A enhances the pulmonary granuloma response induced by Schistosoma
      mansoni eggs.
AB  - The modulating effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) was studied in the immune-based
      pulmonary granuloma response to Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The extent of the S.
      mansoni egg-induced inflammation was quantitated biochemically by measuring total
      units of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and total lung DNA. The enzyme NAG
      was used as a marker for the activity of inflammatory cells such as macrophages
      and DNA levels were used to quantify the increased cellularity of the lungs. In
      this model, the inflammatory response is maximal approximately 2 weeks after egg
      injection. Daily oral administration of CsA at 50 mg/kg during the first 2 weeks
      of the response dramatically enhanced the levels of pulmonary inflammation.
      Similar augmentation of the granuloma response was seen when CsA was given from
      days 0 to 7 but not when dosed from days 8 to 14. The enhancing of CsA was seen
      in the high-responder strains C57BL/10, B10.BR and CBA and in a lower-responder
      strain, Balb/c. Both the S. mansoni egg-induced granuloma response and the CsA
      induced enhancement were dependent on functional T cells: athymic C57BL/6 nude
      (nu/nu) mice developed minimal responses to S. mansoni eggs which CsA did not
      augment, while heterozygous (nu/+) euthymic B6 mice responded to S. mansoni eggs
      and CsA. It appears in this model system that CsA may inhibit the activity of
      suppressor inducer or suppressor T cells. Cyclophosphamide, a drug known to
      reduce suppressor cell function, augmented the egg-induced inflammatory response
      similar to CsA. The enhancing activities of CsA and cyclophosphamide were not
      additive, suggesting effects on a common pathway of biologic activity, the
      generation of suppressor cells. While CsA and cyclophosphamide augmented the
      inflammatory process, conventional immunosuppressive drug therapies,
      dexamethasone and BW755c, quantifiably reduced the levels of NAG and DNA. These
      results demonstrate that CsA, rather than being immunosuppressive, augments this
      immune-based model of inflammation. In addition, this study shows that pulmonary
      granulomatous inflammation can be quantified biochemically with assays for both
      NAG and DNA.

PMID- 3372227
TI  - Influence of promethazine on immune reactions. I. Characterization of
      promethazine effects on natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
AB  - Promethazine has been shown to possess definite immunosuppressive activity in
      clinical and experimental organ transplantation. However, there are few data
      concerning the mechanism of its influence on immune reactions. In the present
      studies promethazine was shown to inhibit natural killer cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity in vitro. Combined analysis of 51Cr-release and single-cell assays
      revealed that this agent affects some processes involved in delivering the
      'lethal hit' but not the binding of target cells nor the recycling capacity of
      effector cells. The possible mechanism of promethazine action at the cellular
      level is discussed.

PMID- 3372228
TI  - Polyarthritis and the air pouch reaction: dissimilarity of adjuvant and collagen
      models.
AB  - The formation of an air pouch in the subcutaneous tissues of a rat previously
      inoculated intradermally with Freund's mycobacterial adjuvant for the induction
      of arthritis, provokes a marked but transient inflammatory reaction in the cavity
      lining of the pouch. The dependence of this reaction on arthritis development was
      investigated. It was found that rats inoculated with mycobacterial adjuvant by
      subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection failed to produce either a pouch
      reaction or develop arthritis. Intradermal injections of carrageenan,
      mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis in saline), Freund's incomplete adjuvant alone or
      containing Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide and Bordetella pertussis
      organisms or mycobacterial adjuvant containing egg albumin were also ineffective.
      Intradermal injections of type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant did
      induce arthritis but no pouch reaction; however, this could be elicited after
      direct challenge with antigen. Pretreatment of rats intraperitoneally with saline
      suspensions of mycobacteria or a moderate dose of cyclophosphamide prevented both
      the pouch reaction and arthritis developing to intradermal mycobacterial
      adjuvant. Pretreatment of rats with mycobacteria was without effect on type II
      collagen-induced arthritis. From the results of this study it would appear that
      the air pouch reaction and arthritis induced by adjuvant are directly associated.
      The inability of collagen to induce a similar reaction demonstrates a fundamental
      dissimilarity with mycobacterial adjuvant in its mechanism of production of
      arthritis.

PMID- 3372231
TI  - The so-called good old days.

PMID- 3372229
TI  - Functional and numerical alterations induced by ethanol in the cellular immune
      system.
AB  - Ethanol was found to alter functioning and numbers of lymphoid cells of the
      cellular immune system in humans and rats. In in-vitro studies on human
      lymphocytes, a higher than 0.1% concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde and
      acetic acid, the metabolites of ethanol, caused a decrease in the formation of E
      rosettes. Methanol and propanol also resulted in a decrease in E-rosette
      formation. The natural killer (NK) cells varied in their ability to lyse tumor
      cells. In vitro, the NK-cell activity declined at higher than 0.2% concentration
      of ethanol. The NK activity in cells isolated from spleen and thymus of rats fed
      1 g/dl or 7 g/dl ethanol did not differ significantly from the controls. Sprague
      Dawley rats fed 1 g/dl or 7 g/dl ethanol for 12 weeks had a significantly smaller
      thymus compared to the controls. Alveolar macrophages isolated from the rats
      exhibited impaired phagocytic activity. In agreement with other investigators,
      ethanol was found to result in a loss of T-cell population in the spleens of rats
      fed ethanol for 13 months. On the other hand, the T-helper cells and the
      proportion of T-helper to T-suppressor cells were found to increase in the
      splenocytes from these rats. This latter occurrence, apparently, is to compensate
      for the general loss of T-cell population observed in the body that occurs with
      ethanol ingestion. It is hypothesized that immunosuppression and the transient
      imbalances in the components of the cellular immunity induced by ethanol lead to
      an increased risk of pathogenesis associated with alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3372230
TI  - Ethnic identity and Vietnam: a Japanese-American Vietnam veteran with PTSD.

PMID- 3372232
TI  - Striving for professionalism.

PMID- 3372233
TI  - Infant feeding practices in Hawaii.

PMID- 3372234
TI  - Strategies for dealing with the AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3372235
TI  - Tension headache: a comparison of menstrual and non-menstrual occurrences.

PMID- 3372236
TI  - Seasonal and meteorological factors in primary headaches.

PMID- 3372237
TI  - Vascular changes in atypical facial pain.

PMID- 3372238
TI  - Common migraine: criteria for diagnosis.

PMID- 3372239
TI  - Urinary excretion of taurine in migraine.

PMID- 3372241
TI  - TMJ radiography...another view.

PMID- 3372240
TI  - Cluster headache due to an impacted superior wisdom tooth: case report.

PMID- 3372243
TI  - More on whiplash.

PMID- 3372242
TI  - More on sexual abuse and headaches.

PMID- 3372244
TI  - Sinus headaches.

PMID- 3372245
TI  - Headache and subacute sinusitis in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3372246
TI  - Effectiveness of nadolol in a clinic population of migrainous patients.

PMID- 3372248
TI  - Self screening by the elderly using a new personal health record.

PMID- 3372247
TI  - Feasibility study for evening, night and weekend health visiting.

PMID- 3372249
TI  - Scoliosis in infants.

PMID- 3372250
TI  - Scoliosis in juvenile and adolescent children.

PMID- 3372251
TI  - Passive smoking and colic-like behaviour in babies.

PMID- 3372252
TI  - Parenthood education in secondary schools.

PMID- 3372253
TI  - Helping children with specific learning difficulties.

PMID- 3372254
TI  - A survey of clients' views in one health visitor's caseload.

PMID- 3372256
TI  - Forming a menopause support group.

PMID- 3372255
TI  - Incontinence and the health visitor.

PMID- 3372257
TI  - Living through an earthquake.

PMID- 3372258
TI  - Value judgements in health visiting.

PMID- 3372259
TI  - Developing counselling skills in health visitors: an experimental approach.

PMID- 3372260
TI  - In search of a model for health visiting.

PMID- 3372261
TI  - Description of electrophoretic loci in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and comparison
      with Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus.

PMID- 3372263
TI  - Sequence analysis of HLA class II genes from insulin-dependent diabetic
      individuals.
AB  - To examine the nature of HLA-linked genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we compared HLA class II gene sequences from IDDM
      patients and control individuals. Genomic libraries were constructed from two
      siblings with IDDM, typed serologically as DR3,w6 and DR3,4. These libraries
      represent the HLA haplotypes (DR3, DR4) most frequently associated with IDDM, as
      well as one haplotype found less often. Individual genomic clones were identified
      and assigned to specific loci and haplotypes. The nucleotide sequence was then
      determined from the variable second exon from the HLA-DQ alpha, DQ beta, and DR
      beta genes from all three haplotypes. Sequence variation within the DQ alpha
      genes could not be correlated with the disease. For all three haplotypes, the DQ
      alpha sequence from the IDDM patient was identical to the DR-matched control
      sequence. Similarly, for the DR3 haplotype, the DQ beta sequences matched all
      control DR3 alleles. The DQ beta sequence from the DR4 haplotype was identical to
      the predominant DR4 allele (DQ beta 3.2) but differed at four amino acid residues
      from the other major DR4 DQ beta sequence (DQ beta 3.1) found rarely among IDDM
      patients. Sequence analysis of the DQ beta gene from the DRw6 haplotype revealed
      a new allele that differed from the DQ beta allele from a control DR6 allele at
      two residues. The DR beta genes from these three haplotypes also did not show any
      sequence features uniquely associated with IDDM, although the frequency of
      certain allelic variants in all three of these haplotypes may be altered in the
      IDDM population. A particular group of amino acids was found to be shared between
      the DR beta-1 alleles from the DR4 and DRw6 haplotypes and may be involved in
      genetic susceptibility to IDDM.

PMID- 3372262
TI  - Histochemical heterogeneity of dermal mast cells in athymic and normal rats.
AB  - Mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) of the rat
      contain different proteoglycans, which can be distinguished using histochemical
      methods. The chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan of the MMC, unlike the heparin of
      the CTMC, does not show fluorescent berberine binding, is susceptible to aldehyde
      fixatives and stains preferentially with Alcian Blue in a staining sequence with
      Safranin. The majority of the dermal mast cells are typical CTMC and are located
      in the deep part of the dermis. Subepidermal mast cells are comparatively few in
      normal rats but numerous in athymic rats and mice. These cells differ from other
      dermal mast cells in that they stain preferentially with Alcian Blue and they
      appear to contain little histamine. We examined some of the histochemical
      properties of the skin mast cells of female PVG-rnu/rnu rats and their
      heterozygous littermates aged from 5 to 29 weeks. The thiazine dye-binding of the
      subepidermal mast cells was partially blocked by formaldehyde fixation and only
      about half of them showed a weakly fluorescent berberine binding. The critical
      electrolyte concentration of the Alcian Blue staining of the subepidermal mast
      cells was between that of CTMC and MMC. Deaminative cleavage with nitrous acid
      abolished the staining of all skin mast cells, while that of the MMC was
      unaffected. There were no statistically significant differences in the staining
      patterns of the dermal mast cells between different ages or groups of rat. These
      results indicate that the subepidermal mast cells contain a heparin proteoglycan
      which is, however, different from that of the typical CTMC of other sites. They
      thus appear to represent a second example of a mast cell within a defined
      anatomical location exhibiting a distinct proteoglycan expression.

PMID- 3372264
TI  - Precocious ego development and obsessive compulsive neurosis.
AB  - Precocious ego development is frequently mentioned in psychoanalytic theory as an
      important determinant of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. Writers such as Anna
      Freud suggest that an imbalance in the development of ego over drive may lead to
      obsessional neurosis. However, further examination of the psychoanalytic
      literature reveals that the nature of this supposed link is not clear.
      Explanations couched in economic language or in terms of an early
      hypersensitivity to stimulation are open to theoretical criticism or are
      unsatisfying. The author suggests that we focus on the effect of precocious ego
      development on developing object relations. It is suggested that precocity may
      lead to early disappointment in parental objects. The inter-relationships of
      disappointment with early identifications, premature sense of autonomy and anal
      problems are discussed. A case of an obsessive-compulsive adolescent girl is
      presented to illustrate the role of precocious ego development and superior
      intelligence in the formation of the symptoms.

PMID- 3372265
TI  - Boundaries, autonomy and aggression: an exploration of women's difficulty with
      logical, abstract thinking.

PMID- 3372266
TI  - Separation and loss in university mental health work.

PMID- 3372267
TI  - The constructed self and developmental discontinuity.

PMID- 3372268
TI  - Comments on "The spiritual as a creative force in the person".

PMID- 3372269
TI  - An application of psychophysiology in sports psychology: heart rate responses to
      relevant and irrelevant stimuli as a function of anxiety and defensiveness in
      elite gymnasts.
AB  - One problem in the optimization of athletic performance is that consistency in
      practice situations is not always carried over to competitive situations. There
      is an increase in irrelevant stimuli in competition which cannot always be gated
      out satisfactorily by the anxious athlete. We investigated the physiological
      responses to relevant and irrelevant stimuli of 48 elite female gymnasts
      differing in levels of anxiety and defensiveness. Cardiac responses were recorded
      to tone presentations and analyzed as a function of instructions, anxiety
      manipulation and group. The results suggest that phasic responses of high-anxious
      gymnasts were larger than those of low-anxious gymnasts. High-anxious gymnasts
      experience more difficulty in completely gating out the occurrence of irrelevant
      stimuli than do low-anxious gymnasts. Finally, under anxiety-producing
      conditions, high levels of defensiveness and anxiety in combination appear to
      have a debilitating effect on the gymnast's ability to discontinue processing of
      irrelevant stimuli, while truly low-anxious subjects appear distracted from
      processing relevant stimuli. Further investigation of the interactions between
      levels of trait anxiety and anxiety-producing situations in a sport-specific
      domain appear warranted. The role of defensiveness in these interactions should
      also be investigated.

PMID- 3372270
TI  - Electrodermal lability, errors, and reaction times: an examination of the motor
      impulsivity hypothesis.
AB  - Two studies were designed to investigate the effects of electrodermal lability on
      errors and reaction times (RTs). In Study 1 (n = 56) subjects performed an RT
      task that in different phases either required only fast responding or
      additionally discrimination and selection of one of two response alternatives
      according to specified rules that had to be stored in memory. Results showed that
      labiles (above the median of resting non-specific electrodermal responses)
      displayed significantly faster RTs when only speed was required. There were no
      differences between labiles and stabiles (below the median) in RTs and error rate
      when discriminations and response selections had to be made. In Study 2 (n = 52)
      task demands were reduced. Subjects were only required to discriminate between
      two events and to respond by releasing or retaining one key. Labiles displayed
      significantly faster RTs. There was furthermore a tendency among labiles to
      produce fewer False-Responses, i.e. releasing the key when it should be retained.
      Additional joint analyses of RT and error data revealed a tendency among labiles
      to perform the task more efficiently. Results are discussed in terms of motor
      impulsivity and information-processing accounts of electrodermal lability.

PMID- 3372271
TI  - Event-related potentials in autistic and healthy children on an auditory choice
      reaction time task.
AB  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from midline (Fz, Cz, Pz) and
      lateral sites (F3, F4, P3, P4) in autistic children (n = 7) and age-matched
      controls (n = 9) on an auditory choice reaction time task. Subjects were asked to
      press a button to an infrequent target (500 Hz, P = 0.14) and to ignore higher
      pitched infrequent (2000 Hz, P = 0.14) and frequent (1000 Hz) non-targets.
      Autistic subjects made twice as many errors of omission as controls and showed a
      higher criterion (beta) for targets. Maximum ERP peak amplitudes showed a more
      varied scalp distribution in the autistic group. N1 latencies were consistently
      shorter in the autistic group and in 3 subjects the target P3 latencies were
      markedly longer than for the controls. Compared to controls, the N1 amplitude of
      the autistic response was larger to the rare stimuli (particularly to non
      targets). The amplitude of the P3 component was smaller in the autistic group
      (particularly to the target). The stimuli were also presented in a passive
      condition requiring no response. After subtraction of the waveform obtained in
      the passive condition from that obtained in the active condition or subtraction
      of the waveform elicited by the rare non-target from that elicited by the target,
      N1 target amplitude was larger in control than in autistic children. Autistic
      subjects showed more early negativity to the rare non-target at left frontal and
      a larger P3 to the target at right parietal sites. ERPs of autistic children are
      more responsive to stimulus features (e.g. high/rare non-target tone) and less
      responsive to their associations or meaningfulness (e.g. target P3). Attention
      related ERPs of autistic children show signs of precocious (right dominance for
      P3) and delayed development (P3 not maximal at parietal sites).

PMID- 3372272
TI  - Selection within fixation: event-related potentials in a visual matching task.
AB  - In a visual matching task, suit (spades and/or hearts) target stimuli and
      irrelevant stimuli (either spade and/or heart suits or plus signs) were presented
      to a field of 1 deg. The irrelevant stimuli appeared either beside or between the
      targets. The 'same-different' reaction times (RT) and the event-related
      potentials were measured. 'Same' RTs were found to be longer in the presence of
      suit distractors that were different from the target, than in the case of plus
      sign irrelevant stimuli and irrelevant stimuli identical to the targets. This
      effect was larger when the irrelevant stimuli appeared between the targets.
      'Different' RTs were longer in the presence of suit distractors and when the
      irrelevant stimuli were between the targets. In the 'same' trials, the latency of
      the late positive complex (P300) was larger in the suit distractor conditions,
      but this effect was unrelated to the target localization factor. Thus, the P300
      latency seems to be related to the complexity of the stimulus display and thus to
      the difficulty of input processing. Concerning the earlier latency range, in the
      conditions with short RT, a latent negative shift (with 170 ms peak latency) was
      detected when these responses were compared to conditions of longer RT.

PMID- 3372273
TI  - Effects of task relevance on habituation of visual single-trial ERPs and the skin
      conductance orienting response.
AB  - Single-trial event-related potentials were recorded at Oz, Pz, Cz, and Fz,
      concurrently with skin conductance reactions and fixation behavior in a
      habituation paradigm. A total of 48 subjects received 16 identical visual
      stimuli; 24 of them were instructed to pay attention, whereas the other half were
      given a neutral instruction. Two early negative components (N1 and N2), as well
      as a late positive component (P3) were identified. N1 and skin conductance
      reaction (SCR) showed fast decrement over trials, whereas N2 and P3 habituated
      slowly. Habituation of N1 and SCR was delayed by task instructions; N2 was hardly
      seen at all in the neutral condition. The task effects on N1 and N2 were observed
      only at Oz. It is concluded that the processing of relevant stimuli differs
      structurally from the processing of neutral stimuli; this difference may be
      observed even at a latency of 100 ms. The N1 appears to be related to the SCR,
      whereas this does not hold for P3; the N2 is related to selection negativities
      reported by other authors.

PMID- 3372274
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Pollenex BP-850 automatic sphygmomanometer.
AB  - Eighty subjects were assigned to two conditions in which readings of blood
      pressure were taken simultaneously by an observer using a Hawkesley Random Zero
      Sphygmomanometer and by a Pollenex BP-850 Automatic Sphygmomanometer either in
      its standard form or silenced to stop it bleeping whilst recording blood
      pressure. Forty subjects were assigned to a comparison group, where simultaneous
      readings by two observers were taken from one Hawkesley. Analyses performed
      included correlations, t-tests, and Bland and Altman's (Lancet, 1986, i: 307-310)
      differences against the mean method. Cues from observer behaviours or the
      bleeping Pollenex resulted in higher concordance between measures in the standard
      condition and the Hawkesley comparison condition. However, even in the silent
      condition the Pollenex proved to be as reliable a monitor of blood pressure as
      the Hawkesley.

PMID- 3372275
TI  - Relationship between psychosocial factors and serum level of pepsinogen group I
      and gastrinemia in the normal subject.
AB  - The relationship between some psychosocial factors and serum level of Pepsinogen
      Group I (PG-I) and gastrinemia have been evaluated in 163 normal subjects using
      correlation procedures. The psychosocial variables investigated included: age,
      sex, education, social class, smoking, drinking, anxiety (as measured by the
      State Trait Anxiety Inventory) and psychological distress (as measured by the
      Symptom Distress Check-List 90). The variables with the highest (positive)
      correlation with PG-I were smoking and age. The factors mostly linked with
      gastrinemia were age (positively correlated) and trait anxiety (negatively
      correlated). The percentage of variation explained by these variables was,
      however, relatively low.

PMID- 3372276
TI  - Effects of caffeine withdrawal on motor performance and heart rate changes.
AB  - Heavy caffeine Users and Non-users were tested twice using a signalled reaction
      time paradigm, while heart rate was recorded. During the 7-day interval between
      the two sessions, the User group maintained normal caffeine intake for the first
      5 days and abstained from caffeine during the last 2 days, which constituted a
      withdrawal period. The Non-users abstained from caffeine (as they usually do)
      during the entire 7-day period. The analyses of the reaction time (RT) data
      indicated no differences during Session 1 and a significant group difference
      during Session 2, with the Non-users exhibiting faster RT's. The Users exhibited
      no change between Sessions 1 and 2, while the Non-users showed a decrease in RT's
      (increased speed) across Sessions, which may be indicative of a practice effect.
      The analysis of the heart rate data from the 5-s period prior to the imperative
      stimulus yielded no differences during Session 1, and a significant group
      difference in Session 2, with the Non-users exhibiting larger decelerations.
      Across the two Sessions, the Non-users showed an increase in the magnitude of the
      heart rate deceleration, while the Users exhibited a decline in the size of the
      deceleration. Since the magnitude of heart rate deceleration has been interpreted
      as an index of attention, it appears that the Users were exhibiting less
      efficient attention during withdrawal from caffeine (Session 2) than were the Non
      users. This conclusion is supported by the RT data, showing slower response times
      for the Users during Session 2, as compared to Non-users.

PMID- 3372277
TI  - [On IVP--individual care planning in the field of midwifery in Sweden].

PMID- 3372278
TI  - [Scholarship report from Noah's Ark Institute--Red Cross].

PMID- 3372279
TI  - [National Welfare Board's general advice on HIV screening of pregnant women].

PMID- 3372280
TI  - [Report from instructors' education in N.F.P. = Natural Family Planning].

PMID- 3372281
TI  - [Study trip to Denmark and Ystad May 7-8- and September 11 1987].

PMID- 3372282
TI  - [Follow-up on the article on fetal death].

PMID- 3372283
TI  - A survey to determine the prevalence of abnormal growth patterns in adolescents
      from a suburban school district.
AB  - A longitudinal survey of 1017 (514 male, 503 female) school health records was
      undertaken to assess the prevalence of normal and abnormal growth patterns in
      adolescents attending a suburban upper middle class junior-senior high school.
      The vast majority (97.4% of the students) were growing and gaining weight at a
      steady rate, maintaining a similar percentile for height and weight throughout
      adolescence. However, 75% of these students had mild deficits or excesses of body
      weight for height, which also remained constant throughout adolescence.
      Approximately 10% of the students had a body weight deficit or excess for height
      greater than 20%. These students were growing along normal percentile patterns.
      This was true whether the student had short, normal, or tall stature. Only a
      minority (2.6%) had an abnormal growth pattern. There were 18 students who had
      deteriorating linear growth and had decelerated across one or two major
      percentile lines for height. Only eight students demonstrated accelerated growth
      characterized by progressive weight gain greater than 10 kg/year and crossing a
      major percentile line for weight.

PMID- 3372284
TI  - Anthropometric predictors of low birth weight outcome in teenage pregnancy.
AB  - The highest relative risks of low birth weight are found among births to teenage
      mothers. An analysis of anthropometrics (weight, mid-arm circumference, and
      triceps skinfold) among black teenagers attending an adolescent prenatal program
      was studied. The sample consisted of 100 girls under 17 years. Data were
      collected from 19 to 35 weeks gestation. Adolescent mothers who delivered low
      birth weight (LBW) infants demonstrated different patterns of anthropometric
      changes than teen mothers who delivered normal birth weight (NBW) infants. Mean
      mid-arm circumference increases in the LBW group (0.05 mm/wk) were significantly
      less than mean increases in the NBW group (0.80 mm/wk) (p less than 0.05). Arm
      fat area estimates of the LBW mothers demonstrated weekly depletion (-24.9
      mm2/wk), which was significantly less than those of the NBW group, who
      accumulated fat (+15.3 mm2/wk) (p less than .05). Changes in maternal nutritional
      status may in part mediate the birthweight outcome in adolescent pregnancy.
      Anthropometrics may be useful in predicting those teens at highest risk of
      bearing LBW infants.

PMID- 3372285
TI  - Alcohol and adolescents. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.
AB  - Students (n = 3017) from the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grades in six school
      districts throughout Georgia and South Carolina completed a questionnaire to
      determine their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding alcohol use. Results
      suggest that knowledge, attitudes, and behavior are significantly correlated. Two
      distinct attitudes were discovered: acceptable use of alcohol and unacceptable
      uses of alcohol, and these interacted with knowledge and behavior in different
      ways. Students who reported school as their major source of information about
      alcohol were more knowledgeable and had the most conservative attitudes toward
      unacceptable use of alcohol (p less than 0.001). White students scored higher on
      the knowledge test and had more liberal attitudes than minority students (p less
      than 0.001). Females were more conservative than males (p 0.001), and older
      students had more liberal attitudes (p less than 0.001). Our results suggest that
      efforts to educate youth about alcohol should incorporate acceptable uses as well
      as the negative aspects of drinking.

PMID- 3372286
TI  - An outbreak of measles among young adults. Clinical and laboratory features in
      461 patients.
AB  - We report the clinical and laboratory characteristics of measles infection in an
      unselected group of 461 young adults. Otitis media was diagnosed in 9.8%,
      sinusitis in 4.1%, pneumonia in 3.7%, and keratitis in 3.3% of the patients.
      Minor T-wave changes on electrocardiogram were observed in only 0.7% and jaundice
      in 0.4%. Elevated liver enzymes were found in 51% of the patients. Creatine
      kinase (CK) MM fraction was high in 44%. Traces of myoglobin were found in the
      urine of 14% of those with a high CK, and of the 13 patients with the higher CKs,
      12 had an abnormal serum aldolase. We emphasize several points of interest in
      this large and unselected group of young adults. There was 1) possible evidence
      of rhabdomyolisis in some of our patients; 2) a lower rate of electrocardiogram
      abnormalities than previously reported; 3) no evident correlation between initial
      laboratory values and subsequent complications; and 4) lack of a clinical or
      laboratory difference between patients who had been vaccinated with an attenuated
      virus during childhood and those who had not.

PMID- 3372287
TI  - Adolescents' willingness to use a school-based clinic in view of expressed health
      concerns.
AB  - A health needs assessment was developed to facilitate implementation of a
      comprehensive school-based adolescent clinic. Students were asked about their
      willingness to use a school-based clinic for certain health and emotional
      problems. Six hundred students in grades 9 through 12 completed anonymous self
      administered questionnaires. Twenty-eight percent of respondents reported
      recently feeling depressed; 12% reported a prior suicide attempt. Twenty-five
      percent of students felt they were overweight. Of 56% who had experienced
      intercourse at least once, only one third had ever used birth control. Twenty-one
      percent smoked cigarettes and 27% marijuana, 24% used other drugs, and 38% used
      alcohol. Students who reported depression and past suicide attempts were
      significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) more willing to use the clinic for
      counseling needs than students not so reporting. Those with perceived weight
      problems reported more willingness to use a school clinic for nutrition
      information than those who did not feel overweight. Currently sexually active
      students were also more willing (p less than or equal to 0.001) than nonsexually
      active students to use the clinic for sexuality information and sexually
      transmitted disease screens. Respondents who used drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes,
      however, were no more willing than nonsubstance-using peers to use clinic
      services for relevant health information.

PMID- 3372288
TI  - The effects of prenatal education intervention on unwed prospective adolescent
      fathers.
AB  - This study assesses the impact of a prenatal education program dealing with human
      sexuality, pregnancy, prenatal care, labor, delivery, and infant and child care
      on the unwed expectant adolescent father. It also assesses the relationship
      between the father's knowledge in these areas and his supportive behaviors toward
      the adolescent mother and the expected infant. The 28 black 15-18-year-old
      adolescent males who volunteered to participate in the study were randomly
      assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 13). Each was
      pretested (T-1) with Form A of a 75-item prenatal questionnaire, and posttested
      (T-2) with Form B of the same instrument after an intervention for the
      experimental group, or 4 weeks after the initial assessment for the comparison
      group. Findings suggest significant gains in knowledge for the experimental group
      at T-2 versus T-1 with regard to 1) pregnancy and prenatal care, and 2) infant
      development and child care. The data also suggest that fathers who were more
      informed tended to report more supportive behaviors toward the mother and the
      infant.

PMID- 3372289
TI  - Photography. Is it useful in learning how adolescents view hospitalization?
AB  - This pilot study explored the use of photography as a media for learning how
      adolescents view hospitalization. Six adolescents, 13-18 years of age were issued
      cameras with one roll of film and instructed to take pictures that would document
      their hospitalization. An interview using the adolescent's pictures was conducted
      with each subject. The camera was found to be a useful tool and an effective
      means for helping adolescents share their view of a hospital experience.

PMID- 3372290
TI  - Pelvic calcification and autoamputation of the uterine adnexa in an adolescent.
AB  - An adolescent with pelvic calcification, autoamputation of the right uterine
      adnexa, and surface endometriosis of the left ovary is presented. The
      differential diagnosis of pelvic calcifications in adolescent females is
      discussed.

PMID- 3372291
TI  - Presumed reduction of acute ossicular subluxation by pneumatic otoscopy.
      Tympanometric evidence.
AB  - A 19-year-old college student sustained an otologic injury by striking the side
      of his face on water after diving off a 5-meter platform. Tympanometry performed
      immediately after the injury revealed a high-compliance notched tracing that
      reverted to normal after pneumatic otoscopy. Relevant experimental data on
      notched tracings in surgically induced ossicular discontinuity is reviewed. This
      case likely represents ossicular subluxation possibly related to previous
      otologic trauma and reduced during pneumatic otoscopy.

PMID- 3372293
TI  - The effects of the arms race on health and human services.

PMID- 3372292
TI  - Recurrent genital ulcers in an adolescent as a manifestation of Behcet's disease.
AB  - An adolescent with a history of recurrent genital ulcers had a negative
      evaluation for sexually transmitted diseases. A clinical suspicion of Behcet's
      disease was supported by a biopsy of one lesion. The condition may be more
      frequent than suspected as the signs (arthritis, mouth ulcers, neurologic
      abnormalities) may be so mild or separate in time that they could be easily
      overlooked.

PMID- 3372294
TI  - Increasing well-care visits by adolescents.

PMID- 3372295
TI  - Abstracts, annual meeting of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. March 1988.

PMID- 3372296
TI  - Pet food labeling.

PMID- 3372297
TI  - The human side of veterinary medicine. Self-delusion/self-defeat.

PMID- 3372298
TI  - Danger lurks in your supermarket meat cases.

PMID- 3372299
TI  - Survey of expectations among clients of three small animal clinics.
AB  - A questionnaire completed by 319 clients of 3 small animal clinics asked what
      clients expected and what they received in their interaction with the
      veterinarian. The survey emphasized communication and rapport established by the
      veterinarian. Client satisfaction was more highly correlated with how the owner
      was treated than how the pet was treated.

PMID- 3372300
TI  - Genetic-associated resistance to foot rot in selected Targhee sheep.
AB  - Three Targhee rams obtained from the Ohio Agricultural and Experimental Station
      had been identified as foot rot resistant on the basis of results of challenge
      exposure. In the first breeding trial, when rams were bred to 20 foot rot
      susceptible ewes, the percentages of foot rot-resistant offspring from the 3 foot
      rot-resistant rams were 68, 82, and 100, compared with 55 and 60 for foot rot
      resistant offspring from 2 known foot rot-susceptible rams. In the second year,
      the foot rot-resistant rams were mated with ewes of unknown foot rot status. The
      foot rot-resistant status of their lambs was compared with that of range-raised
      lambs whose parents' foot rot status was unknown. During the first year,
      challenge exposure to the disease consisted of confinement of the lambs in moist
      or wet pens with sheep affected with the naturally acquired disease. This
      protocol was repeated for lambs born during the second-year breeding trial. In
      addition, the right front foot of each lamb was inoculated with a broth culture
      of Bacteroides nodosus. During the second year, when data that included infected
      feet from all lambs were analyzed, 41% of the progeny of the foot rot-resistant
      rams and 17% of the offspring of parents of unknown foot rot status were
      unaffected by the disease. When the B nodosus-inoculated foot was not included in
      the analysis, however, 61% of the progeny of the foot rot-resistant rams and 29%
      of the others were unaffected. The resistance to foot rot undoubtedly is
      hereditary. The mechanism of resistance may be in the interdigital skin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372301
TI  - Electrocardiographic evaluation of arrhythmias in six cattle.
AB  - Electrocardiography was useful in diagnosing various arrhythmias in 6 cattle.
      Electrocardiography is a noninvasive, inexpensive technique that yields useful
      information in classification of arrhythmias, some of which cannot be determined
      by auscultation alone. It also is a valuable aid in prognostic and therapeutic
      considerations.

PMID- 3372302
TI  - Incomplete linear tibial fractures in two horses.
AB  - Incomplete linear tibial fractures were identified in two horses with the aid of
      scintigraphy. Both horses were treated successfully by strict stall confinement,
      and both returned to normal athletic activity. Scintigraphy can be used to
      facilitate the generally difficult diagnosis of incomplete tibial fractures.

PMID- 3372303
TI  - Septicemic salmonellosis and suspected phenylbutazone toxicosis in an aged pony.
AB  - A 16-year-old pony with signs of intermittent abdominal pain was treated with
      phenylbutazone in excess of the recommended dosage. Endoscopy revealed ulceration
      of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal portion of small intestine. The pony
      developed diarrhea. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the blood and feces.
      Treatment included fluids, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, sucralfate, and ranitidine
      hydrochloride. The diarrhea resolved, as did the gastrointestinal ulceration.
      This case was unusual because septicemia with salmonellosis is an uncommon
      finding in adult equids. Also, complications commonly seen in neonatal septicemia
      (septic arthritis, nephritis, and hepatitis) were not observed. Phenylbutazone
      toxicosis and stress were considered possible causes for the gastrointestinal
      ulceration.

PMID- 3372305
TI  - Heterotopic polyodontia in horses: nine cases (1969-1986).
AB  - Nine horses with heterotopic polyodontia, examined at Purdue University since
      1969, were treated surgically and had a favorable outcome. Six of the horses had
      received prior medical or surgical treatment, but without success. An
      understanding of the congenital nature of the problem contributed to an accurate
      diagnosis in each case. General anesthesia, aseptic technique, removal of all
      aberrant tissue, and wound suture for primary healing appeared to be essential
      for preserving ear function and obtaining an effective treatment.

PMID- 3372304
TI  - Management of pleural effusion secondary to metastatic adenocarcinoma in a dog.
AB  - A 4-year-old spayed Collie-type dog was evaluated for pleural effusion secondary
      to metastatic adenocarcinoma with no identifiable primary tumor. For 48 weeks,
      chemotherapy and thoracentesis palliated clinical signs associated with pleural
      effusion. At week 49, 5 mCi of chronic phosphate P32 (32P) suspension was
      injected into the right pleural space. Pleural effusion was not detected for 14
      weeks after 32P administration (week 63). In week 64, 32P suspension was
      readministered by injecting 7.5 mCi into the right hemithorax and 2.5 mCi into
      the left. Pleural effusion was again detected 3 weeks later (week 67), and the
      dog was treated with additional chemotherapy. Death, at week 72, was caused by
      disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

PMID- 3372306
TI  - Use of methyl methacrylate orbital prostheses in dogs and cats: 78 cases (1980
      1986).
AB  - To prevent cosmetically undesirable orbital concavity after enucleation, methyl
      methacrylate spheres were implanted into the orbits of 73 dogs and 5 cats. In all
      cases, follow-up reports were obtained until suture removal 2 weeks after
      surgery, and for 58 animals (79%) until 6 months after surgery. Information was
      available for 46 animals (60%) 1 year after surgery, 28 animals (36%) 2 years
      after surgery, and 7 animals (9%) 3 years after surgery. Implants failed in 3
      dogs and 2 cats. Complications were not detected in the remaining 73 animals
      (93%), and owners were pleased with the cosmetic results. The causes of implant
      failure in dogs varied; however, in cats, fluid accumulation was the consistent
      complication associated with failure. Orbital implantation of methyl methacrylate
      spheres was found to be a safe, practical, and inexpensive method of improving
      the cosmetic appearance of dogs requiring enucleation. Although the number of
      cats evaluated was limited, the accumulation of orbital fluid in a high
      percentage of those suggested that orbital implants may be less successful in
      this species.

PMID- 3372307
TI  - Livestock producers' attitudes about food animal veterinarians.

PMID- 3372308
TI  - Bogus equine drugs.

PMID- 3372310
TI  - Veterinarians treat clients too.

PMID- 3372309
TI  - More on women in large animal practice.

PMID- 3372311
TI  - Life before and after residues.

PMID- 3372312
TI  - Medical care costs forcing rate increases.

PMID- 3372313
TI  - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism not
      suppressible by dexamethasone.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 10 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism not
      suppressible by dexamethasone. In 6 of these dogs, a unilateral adrenal mass was
      found on CT images. Specimens of the masses were obtained via retroperitoneal
      laparotomy; histologic examination revealed 4 carcinomas, 1 adenoma, and 1
      nodular hyperplasia. In the 4 other dogs, CT revealed symmetric bilateral adrenal
      gland enlargement. In 2 of these dogs, contrast-enhanced CT revealed a mass in
      the pituitary fossa, which could be identified at necropsy as a pituitary tumor.
      The other 2 dogs were successfully treated with mitotane.

PMID- 3372314
TI  - A urethral extension technique to correct urine pooling (vesicovaginal reflux) in
      mares.
AB  - A surgical technique involving reconstruction of the caudal vaginal vault was
      used to correct vesicovaginal reflux in 32 of 34 mares. After surgery, 22 of 24
      mares became pregnant, and embryos were harvested for transfer from 6 of the
      other 10 mares. It was concluded that the procedure was safe and efficacious.

PMID- 3372315
TI  - Hepatotoxicosis associated with heartworm/hookworm preventive medication in a
      dog.

PMID- 3372316
TI  - Hemangiosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a dog.

PMID- 3372317
TI  - Central giant cell granuloma in the mandible of a dog.

PMID- 3372318
TI  - Infertility in dairy cattle fed a high percentage of protein degradable in the
      rumen.

PMID- 3372319
TI  - Periabomasal abscess in a cow.

PMID- 3372320
TI  - Umbilical hernia with abomasal incarceration in a calf.

PMID- 3372321
TI  - Canary grass (Phalaris sp) toxicosis in sheep in California.

PMID- 3372322
TI  - Management of arytenoid chondropathy and failed laryngoplasty in horses: 75 cases
      (1979-1985).
AB  - By use of endoscopy, 75 horses with respiratory noise and/or exercise intolerance
      were determined to have structural arytenoid cartilage abnormalities (60 primary,
      11 after previous laryngeal surgery), or failed left laryngoplasty (4 horses) for
      laryngeal hemiplegia in which the arytenoid cartilage still appeared normal.
      Eighty-eight percent of the horses were either Thoroughbred (54 horses; 72%) or
      Standardbred (12 horses; 16%) racehorses; only 9 horses (12%) had occupations not
      related to racing. Seventy-six percent of the racehorses were 2 to 4 years old;
      all non-racehorses were greater than 4 years old. The male:female ratio was
      approximately 2:1. Of the horses with cartilage abnormalities, 28 had left-sided
      involvement, 22 had right-sided involvement, and 21 had bilateral involvement.
      Sixty-two arytenoidectomies were performed, 58 for cartilage abnormalities (22
      left, 19 right, 17 bilateral), and 4 for failed left laryngoplasties. Overall,
      45% of the Thoroughbred racehorses that returned to racing after arytenoidectomy
      raced successfully (50% left, 75% right, 22% bilateral); only 20% of the
      Standardbreds were able to race. Seventy-five percent of non-racehorses were able
      to return to their previous use. Many horses were retired intentionally after
      surgery.

PMID- 3372323
TI  - Dermatosis associated with feeding generic dog food: 13 cases (1981-1982).
AB  - The records of 13 dogs with a crusting dermatosis of the mucocutaneous junctions,
      pressure points, and trunk were evaluated. All of the dogs had been fed corn- and
      wheat-based commercial dry dog foods that failed to meet the National Research
      Council's recommendations for balanced nutrition. The dermatosis in all 13 dogs
      resolved completely after the diet was changed to one that met the National
      Research Council's recommendations. The disease was similar to that which has
      previously been called canine dry pyoderma, but is now known to be a zinc
      responsive dermatosis.

PMID- 3372324
TI  - Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses.

PMID- 3372325
TI  - More on treatment of cancer.

PMID- 3372327
TI  - Are you enthused?

PMID- 3372326
TI  - Comments on promulgated Pet Protection Act.

PMID- 3372328
TI  - More on dysosmia in dogs.

PMID- 3372329
TI  - Salmonellosis.

PMID- 3372330
TI  - The question of shame.

PMID- 3372331
TI  - Health certification by accredited veterinarians.

PMID- 3372332
TI  - Use of a disease reporting system in a large beef feedlot.
AB  - A large commercial beef feedlot in northeastern Colorado was selected by
      stratified random process for inclusion in the National Animal Health Monitoring
      System pilot data collection project. Various records in the feedlot were used to
      collect data related to animal health conditions and to their costs. A total of
      57,727 cattle were processed during the 12-month period of the study. Rates were
      used to adjust for the number of cattle in the feedlot during that period. The
      disease incidence, culling rate, and death rate were presented by each month in
      the study. The monthly mean number of cattle was the denominator for these rates.
      During the 12 months, 72 diseases or abnormal conditions were recorded. The total
      cost of the 10 most prevalent diseases (itemized by dead, culled, treatment, and
      income from selling dead animals) accounted for approximately 77% of the total
      cost of disease in the feedlot. The total cost of lower respiratory tract
      diseases contributed approximately 46% of the total disease cost, and 60% of the
      cost of the 10 most prevalent diseases. In order to consider the reporting
      methods reliable, a separate study was undertaken to validate a reported disease
      or condition in the feedlot.

PMID- 3372333
TI  - Validation of disease diagnoses reported to the National Animal Health Monitoring
      System from a large Colorado beef feedlot.
AB  - Clinical observation and collection of biological specimens from a large beef
      feedlot (approximately 30,0000 animals) were used to evaluate 6 approaches for
      validation of a disease reporting system. Data collected during a 12-month period
      were used to evaluate each approach. A subsample of disease cases reported to the
      National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) was compared with the clinical
      observations of the investigators. Although the agreement between clinical
      diagnosis by the NAHMS veterinarian and by feedlot health crews was high, the
      sensitivity and specificity of specific diagnoses varied from 100 to 18% and from
      99 to 76%, respectively, which suggests that regular clinical observations by a
      veterinarian are needed to validate disease diagnoses reported to NAHMS by
      producers. Subsampling of a group of cattle by means of paired serologic
      determination of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine
      viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3
      virus revealed a high serologic conversion rate to infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis, and high levels of preexisting antibody to bovine respiratory
      syncytial and parainfluenza-3 viruses. It was concluded that the current method
      of data collection for Colorado feedlots provides an acceptable level of
      sensitivity and specificity for the program. However, disease events that are not
      of economic importance to the feedlot operator will be underestimated. If an
      objective of NAHMS is to develop a base line of animal health conditions,
      diagnosis of diseases by current methods will be satisfactory. Occasional
      validation through clinical observations by a veterinarian will suffice to
      monitor quality of collected data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372334
TI  - Minimal herd sample size for determination of blood copper status of cattle.
AB  - Copper is required by cattle for synthesis of numerous proteins and enzymes.
      Copper deficiency in cattle results in a variety of signs ranging from weight
      loss to diarrhea. In the fall of 1984 and 1985, blood samples were collected from
      22 cattle herds near Gunnison, Colo. Approximately one third of the herds were
      classified as copper deficient (ie, mean serum copper concentration less than 0.6
      mg/L). The inherent variability of serum copper concentrations within a herd
      mandates the determination of the minimal number of cattle to be tested to
      properly assess the blood copper status of a herd. Coefficients of variation for
      serum copper concentration were used to calculate a minimal sample size, with a
      95% confidence interval for each herd. Minimal sample size ranged from 3 to 55
      cattle/herd (ie, 1 to 22% of the herd); this finding suggested that the usual
      procedure of testing 10% of the herd may be inappropriate.

PMID- 3372335
TI  - Consolidating pneumonia and pneumothorax in a horse.
AB  - A 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare with signs of acute abdominal pain and chronic
      pneumonia was found to have pneumothorax. A single application of suction was
      successful in resolving the pneumothorax. The underlying pneumonia was treated
      with long-term antibiotic administration selected on the basis of results of
      bacteriologic culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of a transtracheal
      aspirate. The pneumonia resolved, and the mare returned to competition as a show
      hunter.

PMID- 3372336
TI  - Losses related to the ingestion of lincomycin-medicated feed in a range sheep
      flock.
AB  - Because of an episode of abortion caused by a tetracycline-resistant
      Campylobacter jejuni, lincomycin was mixed into a barley pellet and fed to 3,000
      range ewes at a dosage of 225 mg/ewe/day. After the second feeding, a number of
      ewes were anorectic and diarrheic, and 6 were dead. Necropsies revealed
      congestion and hemorrhage of the entire gastrointestinal tract. The feeding of
      the medicated pellets was discontinued immediately. Sick ewes were treated with
      antihistamines and corticosteroids, but they did not recover, and many died
      during the next several weeks. Lambs born within the first 7 days after the
      incident were alert and vigorous. Dams did not produce milk and many died during
      or after parturition. Later, however, lambs were born dead or weak, and abortions
      of autolyzed lambs began. Affected ewes examined 3 weeks later had salmonellosis
      and/or toxic tubular nephrosis associated with an oxalate-like crystal. The flock
      had been grazed on range infested with Halogeton glomeratus just before treatment
      with lincomycin, and it also had a history of Salmonella-related abortions. The
      deaths finally ceased after a month. Approximately 2,000 ewes and 3,200 lambs
      were lost, resulting in an economic loss of $550,000.

PMID- 3372337
TI  - Peripheral nerve biopsy for diagnosis of globoid cell leukodystrophy in a dog.
AB  - Saphenous nerve biopsy was performed to diagnose globoid cell leukodystrophy in a
      3-month-old West Highland White Terrier. The dog had progressive neurologic
      disease that appeared to involve the cerebellum, spinal cord, and lower motor
      neurons to the hind limbs. Light and transmission electron microscopic findings
      of the nerve biopsy specimen established the diagnosis. Peripheral nerve biopsy
      may provide a reliable antemortem method for diagnosis of globoid cell
      leukodystrophy.

PMID- 3372338
TI  - Hypoadrenocorticism in a family of Standard poodles.
AB  - Thirty-one ancestors of a Standard Poodle with hypoadrenocorticism were located.
      Hypoadrenocorticism had been confirmed in 8 of 32 dogs (25%) by use of ACTH
      response testing or necropsy. In 2 additional dogs, hypoadrenocorticism was
      diagnosed on the basis of characteristic clinical signs and serum electrolyte
      abnormalities consistent with adrenocortical insufficiency. Although an obvious
      pattern of inheritance was not evident, the high prevalence of
      hypoadrenocorticism suggested that heredity may have been a factor in the
      development of idiopathic adrenal insufficiency in dogs of this family.

PMID- 3372339
TI  - Ehrlichiosis and polyarthritis in three dogs.
AB  - Three dogs admitted for evaluation of lameness were determined to be infected
      with a neutrophilic strain of Ehrlichia. Ehrlichia morulae were detected in low
      numbers in both synovial fluid and blood neutrophils. The dogs had rapid clinical
      improvement after appropriate antibiotic therapy. A diagnosis of canine
      ehrlichiosis easily could have been missed if morulae had not been identified.
      Ehrlichiosis should be considered in acutely lame dogs residing in areas enzootic
      for ehrlichiosis. A careful search for Ehrlichia morulae within synovial fluid
      and blood neutrophils should be performed. An E canis titer determination also
      may be helpful.

PMID- 3372340
TI  - Prostatic cyst and concurrent Sertoli cell tumor in a dog.
AB  - Two large prostatic cysts were found in a dog that had a Sertoli cell tumor in an
      abdominal testis and other signs of hyperestrogenism, including feminization,
      dermatologic alterations, and slight anemia. After marsupialization of the cysts
      and removal of the testes, the clinical signs resolved. Evidence of metastasis
      was not observed after one year. Although tumor-induced hyperestrogenism has been
      postulated as a cause of prostatic cysts in the dog, clinical reports of such
      cases are few.

PMID- 3372341
TI  - Thoracic vertebral osteochondroma in a cat.
AB  - A thoracic vertebral (T5) osteochondroma was discovered in a 1 1/2-year-old male
      blue Persian cat with a history of acute hind limb paresis. Myelography revealed
      a mass on the dorsal surface of the vertebral body, which resulted in dorsal
      compression of the spinal cord. A dorsal laminectomy was performed, and the mass
      was rongeured entirely from the vertebral body. Although the cat's progress was
      initially slow after surgery, its neurologic status was assessed to be near
      normal, 15 months later.

PMID- 3372342
TI  - Peripheral giant cell granuloma in a cat.
AB  - A gingival mass excised from a cat was determined to be a peripheral giant cell
      granuloma. Characteristic histologic features were large numbers of
      multinucleated giant cells intermixed with mononuclear mesenchymal cells in a
      loose fibrovascular stroma. The lesion recurred twice, indicating that these non
      neoplastic growths may be locally invasive.

PMID- 3372343
TI  - Prognostic value of anion gap calculation in cattle with abomasal volvulus: 58
      cases (1980-1985).
AB  - Values for anion gap, serum chloride, and base excess were tabulated for 58 dairy
      cows with abomasal volvulus. Test values for survivors (n = 40) and nonsurvivors
      (n = 18) were compared. Surviving cattle were released for production or salvage.
      Nonsurviving cows died or were euthanatized. Accuracy of preoperative anion gap,
      serum chloride, and base excess values in predicting outcome was evaluated by
      calculating the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and negative
      predictive value of these at assigned cutoff values. Anion gaps greater than or
      equal to 30 mEq/L were indicative of a poor prognosis. At this value, the
      sensitivity (0.889), specificity (0.925), predictive value (0.842), negative
      predictive value (0.949), and efficiency (0.914) were higher than when serum
      chloride concentration less than or equal to 84 mEq/L or base excess value less
      than or equal to 0 were used to denote poor prognosis. We concluded that
      preoperative anion gap calculation could reliably predict the outcome of cows
      with abomasal volvulus and was more accurate than either serum chloride
      concentration or base excess value.

PMID- 3372344
TI  - Food animal veterinarians' service and product revenues, 1985.

PMID- 3372345
TI  - Shame--a hidden emotion.

PMID- 3372346
TI  - Shame and the shadow.

PMID- 3372347
TI  - Envy of oneself, adhesive identification and pseudo-adult states.

PMID- 3372348
TI  - SF2446, new benzo[a]naphthacene quinone antibiotics. I. Taxonomy and fermentation
      of the producing strain, isolation and characterization of antibiotics.
AB  - New antibiotics SF2446A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 have been isolated from the culture
      of Streptomyces sp. SF2446 and antibiotic SF2446B3 has been obtained by
      methanolysis of SF2446B1 or B2. SF2446A1, A2 and B1 showed strong inhibitory
      activities against mycoplasmas and Gram-positive bacteria. Empirical molecular
      formulae of antibiotics SF2446-A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 were determined to be
      C34H35NO15, C26H21NO11, C34H35NO14, C34H35NO14 and C26H21NO10, respectively.

PMID- 3372349
TI  - SF2446, new benzo[a]naphthacene quinone antibiotics. II. The structural
      elucidation.
AB  - Structures of new antibiotics SF2446A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 have been deduced
      by means of spectral analyses and chemical studies. The structure of SF2446A1
      which is a main product of fermentation and has the strongest antimicrobial
      activity, has been proposed to be 11-(2,4-di-O-methyl-beta-L
      rhamnopyranosyl)amino-5,6,6a,14a-tetrah ydro- 1,6,8,14a-tetrahydroxy-6a-methoxy-2
      methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl- benzo[a]naphthacene-7,9,12,14-tetra-one. All of
      antibiotics have a novel benzo[a]naphthacene quinone skeleton and SF2446A1, A2,
      B1 and B2 have an N-glycosidic linkage with 2,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose.

PMID- 3372350
TI  - Aerocavin, a new antibiotic produced by Chromobacterium violaceum.
AB  - A new antibiotic, aerocavin, has been isolated from fermentation broths of a non
      pigmented strain of Chromobacterium violaceum. The structure 1 was deduced from
      its spectroscopic properties and X-ray diffraction analysis. Aerocavin exhibits
      activity in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 3372351
TI  - Aerocyanidin, a new antibiotic produced by Chromobacterium violaceum.
AB  - Aerocyanidin, a new antibiotic containing an isonitrile group, has been isolated
      from fermentations of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 53434. Structure 1 was
      assigned on the bais of spectroscopic characterization of the antibiotic and of a
      degradation product that results from treatment with base. The antibiotic is
      primarily active against Gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 3372352
TI  - Screening for new antitrichomonal substances of microbial origin and
      antitrichomonal activity of trichostatin A.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo screening methods for new antitrichomonal substances were
      established. Primary screening is based on in vitro antitrichomonal activities of
      culture broths of actinomycetes isolated from soil. With secondary screening,
      after crude materials obtained from the cultured broths were administered orally
      to mice, excretion of antitrichomonal activity into urine was examined. Tertiary
      screening was done by examining therapeutic activity for experimental
      trichomoniasis in mice with Trichomonas foetus. Using the screening systems, a
      new antibiotic (setamycin)-producing strain was picked out among about six
      thousands soil isolates, and the therapeutic efficacy of KM-3851, which was
      identified as trichostatin A, was found. It was active against T. foetus both in
      vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 3372353
TI  - Isolation and structure determination of Pachybasium cerebrosides which
      potentiate the antifungal activity of aculeacin.
AB  - A set of four cerebrosides was isolated from a Pachybasium species and purified
      by preparative reversed-phase HPLC. All four products displayed activity in a
      natural product screen aimed at detecting novel cell wall-active antifungal
      agents based on synergy with the known glucan synthetase inhibitor, aculeacin.
      Based on degradation studies, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and 13C and
      high field 1H NMR techniques, the structure of the major cerebroside was
      determined to be (4E,8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxy-(E)-3'- hexadecenoyl-1-O-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadiene. The other components were found to be
      the corresponding 2'-hydroxypalmitic acid analog with one less double bond and an
      analogous pair containing 2'-hydroxystearic acid with and without the 3' double
      bond.

PMID- 3372354
TI  - Neihumicin, a new cytotoxic antibiotic from Micromonospora neihuensis. I. The
      producing organism, fermentation, isolation and biological properties.
AB  - A new cytotoxic and antifungal antibiotic, neihumicin, was isolated from the
      culture broth of a soil isolate identified as Micromonospora neihuensis Wu, sp.
      nov. Neihumicin shows in vitro cytotoxicity against KB tissue culture cells (ED50
      0.94 micrograms/ml) as well as antifungal activity against Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae ATCC 9763.

PMID- 3372355
TI  - Neihumicin, a new cytotoxic antibiotic from Micromonospora neihuensis. II.
      Structural determination and total synthesis.
AB  - The structure of neihumicin, a new antibiotic isolated from the fermentation
      broth of Micromonospora neihuensis Wu, sp. nov., has been determined as (Z)-3,(Z)
      6-dibenzylidene-2-methoxy-3,6-dihydropyrazin-5-one based upon spectral evidence
      and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Its total synthesis has also been achieved.

PMID- 3372356
TI  - Neihumicin, a new cytotoxic antibiotic from Micromonospora neihuensis. III.
      Structure-activity relationships.
AB  - Structure-cytotoxicity relationships studies have indicated that the C-3 and C-6
      disubstituted piperazine-2,5-diones are structurally required for significant
      cytotoxicity, and the neihumicin-like C-3 and C-6 disubstituted unsymmetrical
      piperazine derivatives are, in general, more cytotoxic than the corresponding
      symmetrical piperazine-2,5-diones. Several synthetic analogs including 3,6-di
      (2,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)piperazine-2,5- dione, 3,6-dibenzylidene-2-ethoxy
      3,6-dihydropyrazine-5-one, 3-benzylidene-6-(m-chlorobenzylidene)-2-methoxy-3,6
      dihydropyrazine++ +-5-one, have been shown to be more cytotoxic than neihumicin.

PMID- 3372357
TI  - Actinoplanones A and B, new cytotoxic polycyclic xanthones from Actinoplanes sp.
AB  - Two new cytotoxic polycyclic xanthones, actinoplanones A (1) and B (2) were
      isolated from the culture broth of Actinoplanes sp. R-304 by monitoring their
      bioactivity against HeLa cells. Compound 1 was extremely cytotoxic (IC50 0.00004
      micrograms/ml) against HeLa cells. The structures of 1 and 2 were established
      mainly by analyses of 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments. The absolute
      configurations of the asymmetric carbons of the compounds have been assigned to
      be 9R, 24S, 25R and 27S by circular dichroism spectra and NMR analysis using
      chiral derivatives (esters of alpha-methoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)acetic acid).

PMID- 3372358
TI  - New quinone antibiotics of the granaticin type, isolated from Streptomyces
      lateritius. II. Structure determination.
AB  - A number of new granaticin type quinone antibiotics have been isolated from
      Streptomyces lateritus ATCC 19913. Spectroscopic evidence is presented which has
      led to the structure elucidation of three new antibiotics and the chemical
      relationship between members of the granaticin series has been studied.

PMID- 3372359
TI  - LL-F28249 antibiotic complex: a new family of antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones.
      Isolation, characterization and structures of LL-F28249 alpha, beta, gamma,
      lambda.
AB  - A new family of antiparasitic macrolides has been isolated from Streptomyces
      cyaneogriseus sp. noncyanogenus. The compounds, designated LL-F28249 alpha, beta,
      gamma and lambda, possess potent antiparasitic activity. The isolation,
      purification and structure determination by spectroscopic methods are presented.

PMID- 3372360
TI  - Synthesis of 1-N-(D-threo- and racemic erythro-3-amino-2-hydroxybutanoyl)-2',3'
      dideoxykanamycin A.
AB  - 1-N-(D-Threo-3-amino-2-hydroxybutanoyl)-2',3'-dideoxykanamycin+ ++ A has been
      prepared by coupling of 3,6'-bis(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-2',3'-dideoxy-3"-N
      (trifluoroacetyl)kanamy cin A with D-threo-3-azido-2-hydroxybutanoic acid. A
      diastereomeric mixture of the erythro analog has also been prepared by use of
      racemic erythro-3-azido-2-hydroxybutanoic acid. Synthesis of the D-threo- and
      racemic erythro-3-amino-2-hydroxybutanoic acids has been described.

PMID- 3372361
TI  - The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: cloning and
      analysis of the genes involved in the alanylation step.
AB  - We have isolated and studied the genes involved in the alanylation step in the
      biosynthesis of a herbicide, bialaphos which is produced by Streptomyces
      hygroscopicus. Three bialaphos-nonproducing mutants, NP60, NP61 and NP62,
      isolated from S. hygroscopicus by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine were defective for the alanylation step and were not restored to
      productivity by any locus of the gene cluster previously cloned. Three plasmids
      were isolated using NP60, NP61 and NP62 as recipients. The genes which restored
      productivity to NP61 and NP62 hybridized to the contiguous region of the
      bialaphos biosynthetic gene cluster. The gene cluster involved in the bialaphos
      production was about 35 kb long. The gene which restored productivity to NP60 did
      not hybridize to the bialaphos biosynthetic gene cluster. VM3 and VM4, putative
      alanylation blocked mutants, were derived from a bialaphos producer by gene
      replacement of an unidentified region of the biosynthetic gene cluster with an in
      vitro altered DNA sequence. The genes which restored productivity to VM3 and VM4
      were located between the genes which code for phosphinomethylmalic acid synthase
      and demethylphosphinothricin acetyltransferase in the cluster. These results
      suggest that multiple genes are involved in the alanylation step.

PMID- 3372362
TI  - Effects of roxithromycin, a new semisynthetic macrolide, and two erythromycins on
      drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver.
AB  - The effects of a new semisynthetic macrolide, roxithromycin, on drug metabolizing
      enzymes of rat liver were compared with two erythromycins, the base (EB) and the
      estolate (EE), after 7 days' treatment with high oral doses (400 and 800 mg/kg
      daily). Dose-related higher concentrations of roxithromycin were reached in serum
      and liver than after EB or EE. The two reference erythromycins induced the
      synthesis of microsomal enzymes and formed inactive cytochrome P-450-metabolite
      complexes. N-Demethylation of erythromycin itself and aminopyrine was increased
      by the treatment. Liver microsomal enzyme activities were not induced and the
      inactive cytochrome P-450-metabolite complex was not formed after 400 mg/kg of
      roxithromycin and only to a very limited extent after 800 mg/kg (10% vs. 50%
      after EE). At the higher dose microsomal activities were not changed by
      roxithromycin and only aminopyrine N-demethylation was reduced.

PMID- 3372363
TI  - New quinone antibiotics of the granaticin type, isolated from Streptomyces
      lateritius. I. Production, isolation and properties.

PMID- 3372364
TI  - Screening for new nematocidal substances of microbial origin by a new method
      using the pine wood nematode.

PMID- 3372365
TI  - Methods for isolation of streptoverticillia from soils.

PMID- 3372366
TI  - Genetic transformation of Micromonospora rosaria by the Streptomyces plasmid
      pIJ702.

PMID- 3372367
TI  - Inner ear structure and electrophysiological audiograms of the subterranean mole
      rat, Spalax ehrenbergi.
AB  - Subterranean mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel have a
      distinctly developed vocal repertoire, presumably compensating together with
      olfaction for their complete blindness, thus providing an efficient communication
      system underground. Here we describe the unique organization of the cochlea of
      Spalax among mammals. The cochlea is subdivided into different subsystems where
      in the apical subsystem the fluid space and the organ of Corti differ remarkably
      from that in the basal subsystem, a feature as yet unknown in other mammals. The
      audiograms based on cochlear microphonics and on evoked potential recordings from
      the midbrain and brainstem, reveal a hearing range from 0.1 kHz-10 kHz with a
      best sensitivity between 0.5 and 1 kHz.

PMID- 3372368
TI  - Cochlear pathology of long term neomycin induced deafness in cats.
AB  - The long term sequelae of hair cell destruction consequent from administration of
      the ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic, neomycin sulfate, were evaluated in
      histological and ultrastructural studies of cochlear morphology in cats. Complete
      hearing loss, as defined by an absence of brainstem evoked responses to click
      stimulation at 120 dB peak SPL, was induced by intramuscular injections of
      neomycin at 50 mg/kg body weight/day, and cochlear pathology was studied at 6
      months and 1, 3 and 4 years following onset of profound deafness. In these long
      term ototoxicity cases the organ of Corti was collapsed and resorbed over the
      basal one-quarter to three-quarters of the cochlear spiral, depending on duration
      of deafness. Significant progressive reduction in the spiral ganglion cell
      population and sequential degenerative alterations in the remaining neurons were
      observed with increasing time elapsed after induced hearing loss. The sequence of
      pathological alterations in spiral ganglion neurons appeared to be: a) swelling,
      demyelination and degeneration of the peripheral dendrites; b) demyelination and
      shrinkage of the cell soma with preservation of the central axon; and c)
      demyelination of the central axon and degeneration of the cell perikaryon. In
      apical cochlear regions, severe degeneration of the spiral ganglion preceded the
      collapse of the tunnel of Corti and regional loss of pillar cells. Residual
      populations of spiral ganglion neurons were as low as 1-2% of the normal values
      in the most severely degenerated cochleae in the series. Light microscopic and
      ultrastructural studies revealed a selective survival advantage for the
      unmyelinated type II neurons over the myelinated type I neurons with these long
      survival periods. The prolonged time course and atrophic nature of these
      pathological alterations suggests that degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons
      progresses continuously following drug-induced insult to the cochlea. Some
      possible factors contributing to this long term progressive degeneration will be
      discussed.

PMID- 3372369
TI  - Maturational time course for the ABR in preterm and full term infants.
AB  - Since maturation of ABR amplitude and latency in principle are dependent on
      innate as well as environmental factors and the health of the infant, it is
      conceivable that prematurely born infants show a maturation profile that is
      different from that of full term infants. In order to unequivocally address this
      we analyzed ABRs recorded in 465 full term infants and in 179 healthy prematurely
      born, of which 65 were tested once and 113 were tested (2-9 occasions) at
      different ages from birth up to 5 years of age. Our emphasis was on a description
      in terms of time constants of the exponential functions used to describe the
      maturational changes. In general one exponential function (time constant about 5
      weeks) was needed to describe the changes in full term wave I latency. The sum of
      two exponentials was required to describe adequately the latency changes for full
      term wave V (time constants about 5 weeks and 100 weeks). In prematurely born
      infants all time constants for the wave I and wave V changes were longer than in
      the full term. For the wave I-wave V interval no difference was found between the
      two populations. The differences in the time course for wave I and wave V latency
      can be accounted for by the higher incidence of otitis media in the prematurely
      born group.

PMID- 3372370
TI  - Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a nonhuman primate. I. Basic features and
      relations to other emissions.
AB  - Otoacoustic emissions in both ears of a rhesus monkey exhibiting stable
      spontaneous emissions (SOEs) were monitored over a 1-year period. The amplitudes
      and frequencies of both SOEs and stimulus-frequency emissions (SFEs) were
      routinely recorded, while transiently evoked (EOE) and distortion-product
      emissions (DPEs), at the frequency 2f1-f2, were occasionally examined. Between
      evaluation sessions, both the frequencies and amplitudes of SFEs remained
      relatively stable in both ears, while the frequencies and amplitudes of SOEs were
      less constant. Isosuppression contours for SOEs, plotted as a function of
      frequency and level of tonal maskers, revealed sharp tuning consistent with
      normal frequency selectivity. Detailed analyses of long-term measurements showed
      that SOEs occurred most frequently at the peaks of the SFE response. A regular
      frequency spacing between neighboring amplitude maxima and minima of the SFEs was
      consistent with the notion that this particular emitted response may result from
      a periodic disruption of the orderly pattern of sensory cells along the organ of
      Corti. Intramuscular administration of aspirin abolished SOE and SFE responses,
      while DPEs remained relatively unchanged suggesting the involvement of separate
      mechanisms in the generation of different emissions.

PMID- 3372372
TI  - Aggressive behavior of sows at parturition.
AB  - Sows, especially primiparous, may show aggressive behavior at parturition against
      their own piglets, resulting in wounding or death of the piglets. Frequency,
      environmental influences and heritability of aggressive behavior were studied in
      two data sets. The first (923 first litters) was collected at an experimental
      farm and the other (925 first litters) came from a pig breeding organization.
      Frequency of aggressiveness ranged, depending on its definition, from 7 to 12%.
      Fixed effects of year, season and feeding level of the gilt during the rearing
      period did not affect the frequency of aggressiveness. A regression of aggression
      on postpartum sow weight was found, suggesting that low weight at first farrowing
      might predispose sows to aggressive behavior. Coefficients for backfat and litter
      size were positive but nonsignificant. Heritability of aggressiveness on the
      underlying normal scale, estimated from the paternal half-sib component of
      variance, averaged .12 for the first data set, and .25 for data set II. Estimates
      from daughter-dam regression were .49 and .87 for the two data sets,
      respectively. A simulation study indicated that this difference might be due to
      maternal effects. A simple application would be to select boars and gilts from
      non-aggressive sows only. Response to selection would be rather slow if the
      frequency of aggressive behavior is low. At frequencies that are too high from an
      economic point of view, estimation of breeding values, combining own performance
      and(or) data from relatives, is required.

PMID- 3372371
TI  - Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in a nonhuman primate. II. Cochlear anatomy.
AB  - Both cochleas of a rhesus monkey exhibiting stable spontaneous and stimulus
      frequency emissions were evaluated histologically using surface-preparation
      methods to determine if certain features of these emissions could be related to
      structural properties of the organ of Corti (OC). The comprehensive assessment
      included preparation of routine cytocochleograms and a detailed study of the
      arrangement of cochlear sensory cells, best revealed by the precise positional
      relationships between stereocilia bundles, in selected areas representing low-,
      medium-, and high-frequencies. Several additional measurements were made in an
      area extending from about 25-60% distance from the apex, which was estimated to
      encompass the cochlear region where emissions were generated. These
      quantifications included measures, in both micrometers and Hertz, of the
      distances between irregularities in the lateral border of the OC due to a
      sporadically occurring fourth row of outer hair cells (OHCs). Measures, in
      micrometers, of the changes in the radial extent of the corresponding OC in the
      presence or absence of this extra fourth row of OHCs were also made. A final
      measure within low-, medium-, and high-frequency OC regions consisted of
      describing the angles that the tips of the stereocilia bundles were displaced
      from an axis parallel to the tunnel of Corti. For comparative purposes, similar
      plots were made in comparable regions of the OC in the normal and experimental
      cochleas of three additional rhesus monkeys in which one ear had been
      systematically exposed to noise. In the emitting-monkey cochlea, there was a mild
      loss of sensory cells scattered throughout the OC which was generally greater for
      the OHCs. No evidence of small circumscribed lesions, defined as a loss of more
      than four adjacent hair cells, was found. The most striking observation which
      varied in degree across the three other monkeys was a generalized irregularity in
      the cellular organization of the OHC region which was most pronounced in the low-
      and midfrequency regions of the OC. The notable cellular disorganization specific
      to the apical half of the cochlea was reflected by an increased variance in the
      distribution of deviation angles measured for corresponding stereocilia bundles.
      Outer hair cells in the remaining basal region of the OC were arranged in three
      regular rows with the usual stereocilia orientation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3372373
TI  - Simulation of genetic control of reproduction in beef cows. IV. Within-herd
      breeding value estimation with pasture mating.
AB  - Procedures for breeding value estimation for reproductive traits under pasture
      mating conditions were developed and tested using a computer simulation model of
      genetic control of bovine reproduction. The model generated annual calving rates
      (BCR) (0 or 1) and calving dates (CD) for each cow as a function of underlying
      genetic variation in two independent traits: single-service conception rate,
      which was indicative of the ability to conceive when estrus occurs, and
      postpartum interval (PPI) from calving to first estrus. Observed values for BCR
      and CD were shown to be complex, nonlinear functions of breeding values for
      ability to conceive (CRG) and for postpartum interval (PPIG) and of the previous
      CD. Effects of CRG on BCR and CD were small at high values of CRG, but these
      effects increased as CRG declined. Effects of PPIG on BCR and CD were small for
      cows that previously calved within the first 21 d of the calving season, but
      these effects increased for cows that calved after d 21. Previous CD had
      substantial nongenetic carryover effects on both BCR and CD. Unbiased estimates
      of CRG and PPIG could not be derived in the absence of breeding information.
      However, CD were reasonably highly correlated with breeding values for ability to
      conceive, provided information on open cows was included in the evaluation.
      Calving dates were only weakly associated with breeding values for PPI, in part
      because of the relatively short mean PPI (70 d) that was simulated.

PMID- 3372374
TI  - Cytoplasmic effects on selection response for increased growth rate in mice.
AB  - To determine if cytoplasmic effects have contributed to long-term selection
      response for increased growth rate in mice, reciprocal cross matings were made
      between an unselected control line (ICR) and a line (M16) derived from ICR by
      long-term selection for high postweaning weight gain from 3 to 6 wk of age.
      Embryos were recovered 2 to 4 d following mating and transferred to
      pseudopregnant F1 (DBA/2NCrlBR X C57BL/6NCrlBR) females. Thus, all embryos
      developed in similar uterine and postnatal maternal environments. A total of 122
      M16 X ICR and 123 ICR X M16 mice was produced, representing 19 litters from each
      cross. Litters were standardized at birth to five to seven pups. Litter weights
      at birth and 1 wk were recorded. Body weights at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 wk and weight
      gain from 3 to 6 wk were obtained. Weights of liver, kidneys, and sc and
      epididymal fat pads of males were obtained at 6 wk. Females were mated at 8 wk,
      and litter size at birth was recorded. Least-squares procedures were used to test
      for differences between reciprocal crosses for all traits. Body weight at 4 wk
      was higher (P less than .05) for mice with ICR cytoplasm. No other significant
      differences were detected. There was no evidence that cytoplasmic effects
      influenced direct or correlated responses to long-term selection for increased
      postweaning weight gain.

PMID- 3372375
TI  - Evaluation of performance characteristics in a diallel among Simmental, Limousin,
      Polled Hereford and Brahman beef cattle. I. Growth, hip height and pelvic size.
AB  - Progeny of a diallel among Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman
      breeds of cattle were evaluated over 5 yr for preweaning and postweaning growth,
      hip height and pelvic size. Calves from Brahman and Simmental dams had the
      highest preweaning gains and weaning weights, and those from Polled Hereford dams
      had the lowest (P less than .05). Differences in the availability of milk and
      postpartum compensatory gains in progeny of Brahman dams could have contributed
      to these results. However, calves from Simmental, Limousin and Polled Hereford
      dams had significantly greater feedlot daily gains than those from Brahman dams.
      Yearling hip height and pelvic area were lower for progeny of Polled Hereford
      dams, whereas calves from Simmental, Limousin and Brahman dams were not different
      for these traits. A series of linear comparisons among these four breeds using
      least-squares means to estimate general and specific combining ability and
      maternal effects found significant, negative maternal effects for Polled Hereford
      for preweaning gain and weaning weight. A positive maternal effect (P less than
      .05) for Limousin was found for feedlot gain. General combining ability and
      maternal estimates were significant and variable in most comparisons for yearling
      hip height and pelvic area. Heterosis estimates were positive and significant in
      all crosses with Brahman for preweaning gain, weaning weight, yearling weight,
      hip height and pelvic area. Significant, positive heterosis was also found in
      Polled Hereford crosses with Limousin and Simmental for preweaning gain, weaning
      weight and yearling weight.

PMID- 3372376
TI  - Evaluation of performance characteristics in a diallel among Simmental, Limousin,
      Polled Hereford and Brahman beef cattle. II. Carcass traits.
AB  - Evaluations of steer and heifer progeny from a diallel mating design of
      Simmental, Limousin, Polled Hereford and Brahman beef cattle over 5 yr are
      presented. Traits evaluated included final weight, hot carcass weight, ribeye
      area, 12th rib fat thickness, marbling score, yield grade, dressing percentage
      and percentage of kidney, pelvic and heart fat. Progeny of Simmental sires were
      heavier at slaughter than those with Brahman sires (P less than .05), but no
      differences were found for carcass weight. Dressing percentage was higher for
      Limousin crosses compared with progeny of other sire breeds (P less than .05).
      Similar results were found for dam breeds, except that progeny of Limousin dams
      had heavier carcasses with a higher dressing percentage (P less than .05) than
      Brahman crosses. Crosses of Limousin and Simmental had larger ribeye areas (P
      less than .05) compared with calves of the other breeds. Progeny of Polled
      Hereford dams had higher marbling scores and were fatter than progeny of dams of
      other breeds (P less than .05). Heterosis estimates were significant for all
      Brahman crosses for final weight, carcass weight and ribeye area, but these
      contrasts were negligible for other traits. Estimates of general combining
      ability were positive and significant for Simmental for final weight, carcass
      weight, ribeye area and marbling score and were significant and negative for
      Limousin for final weight, fat thickness and yield grade. Maternal values were
      generally small.

PMID- 3372377
TI  - Some indicators of welfare of crated veal calves on three dietary iron regimens.
AB  - Holstein calves were managed from less than 1 wk of age as in the special-fed
      veal industry but subjected to three dietary regimens (n = 10/group): low dietary
      iron (LI = approximately 5 mg iron/kg dry milk replacer) throughout 16 wk; 2)
      high then low dietary iron (H-LI = 140 mg/kg through d 18, then approximately 5
      mg/kg through wk 16; a typical industrial scheme) or 3) high dietary iron (HI =
      approximately 105 mg/kg throughout the study). Several physiologic, behavioral
      and health indicators of welfare were monitored at various times. From wk 7 on,
      blood hemoglobin concentration was higher in HI calves than in LI, whereas that
      in H-LI calves was intermediate. Blood red cell count was higher in HI calves
      than in LI from wk 11 to 16, and was higher in HI than in H-LI from wk 14 to 16.
      Ratio of blood segmented neutrophils to lymphocytes (an indicator of stress) did
      not differ due to dietary regimen. Between wk 2 and 16, lying time increased from
      69.5 to 76.6% of total time. Oral behaviors (e.g., licking and gnawing) occupied
      less than 15% of total time. Dietary regimen did not affect time spent either
      lying or engaging in oral behaviors. Calves in all dietary-regimen and slaughter
      age groups experienced high frequencies of pneumonia, digestive-tract maladies
      and trichobezoars, but neither disease nor medical-treatment frequency was
      related to dietary regimen. Live, hot-dressed carcass and liver weights of the
      five calves/group slaughtered at 16 wk were not affected by dietary regimens, but
      carcass grade was highest for LI calves and lowest for HI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372378
TI  - Turning and walking by gilts in modified gestation crates.
AB  - Mated gilts in gestation crates designed specially so gilts could turn or walk at
      will did turn around and walk. In Exp. 1, in crates 2.1 m long, flared at one end
      and pointed at the other, and 56 or 61 cm wide at center, gilts' turning
      frequency averaged 11.2 turns/d. Neither feeder nor waterer location, independent
      of the other, influenced turning frequency. Most turns apparently were not
      motivated by any obvious external stimulus. Narrowing crates from 61 to 56 cm
      reduced turning rate from 12.9/d to 8.9/d. Gilts spent more time facing the
      feeder when it was at the flared end (F; 66.1%) than when it was at the pointed
      end (P; 49.4%). Turning was followed by standing or lying, without simultaneous
      eating or drinking, 65.3% of the time. A greater proportion of turns were
      succeeded by eating or drinking when feeder and waterer were located in opposite
      ends of the crate (39.2%) instead of in the same end (29.7%). As a result of
      turns followed by only standing or lying, gilts were oriented head by head 52.9%
      of the times. Mean time of day for turning was 1016 in wide crates and 0855 in
      narrow crates. Also, mean turning time with waterer at P vs at F was 1012 vs
      0928. In Exp. 2, a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments compared crates that
      were either 2.1 m or 3.4 m long and had either flared or rectangular ends.
      Neither length nor shape affected gilts' total daily duration of standing. Gilts
      stood up 8.3 times/d in rectangular crates, 13.9 times/d in flared.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372379
TI  - Footing and gait of pigs on different concrete surfaces.
AB  - Because pigs frequently lose their footing and slip, it is important to
      understand slipping and its relation to different floor surfaces. An experiment
      was conducted to evaluate the gait and footing of young pigs walking on concrete
      floor surfaces having known friction characteristics and to determine critical
      skid resistance values in terms of the fitness of a concrete surface for flooring
      in pig quarters. Barrows were cinematographed with a high-speed 16-mm camera as
      they walked on various surfaces, and gait and footing were subsequently analyzed
      in motion studies. The six concrete floor test pads with different surface
      treatments (fine and coarse sand, fine and coarse broom, wood float and steel
      trowel) were evaluated for friction coefficient (skid resistance value) using a
      British pendulum tester both before and after pig tests. Leg angle, pastern angle
      and time variables were not related with average skid resistance value of the
      different floors. However, slip variables during a stride's stance phase per se
      were well related to surface-treatment differences in average skid resistance.
      Thus, the average skid resistance value generated by the British pendulum tester
      yielded one piece of objective information useful in assessing the fitness of
      concrete surfaces for floors in pig quarters. All the surfaces except the steel
      trowel surface had average skid resistance value of greater than 65 British
      pendulum number, and they all reduced a pig's chance of slipping relative to the
      steel trowel (less than 60 British pendulum number). The front leg was a more
      sensitive indicator than the rear of a floor's effect on the pig's gait and
      footing.

PMID- 3372380
TI  - Effects of dietary clenbuterol on metabolism of the hindquarters in steers.
AB  - The objective of this study was to measure acute (d 1) and chronic (d 9) effects
      of dietary clenbuterol on heart rate, blood flow, oxygen uptake, and net
      uptake/release of metabolites in the hindquarters of growing steers. The design
      was a single reversal with two 9-d periods of control or 8 mg clenbuterol/d with
      5 d between periods. Within 2 h of initial consumption of 2 mg clenbuterol (d 1),
      heart rate and blood flow doubled and arterial plasma concentrations of glucose,
      L-lactate and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) increased, whereas alpha-NH2 N and
      NH3 concentrations decreased, demonstrating an acute response. Uptake of oxygen
      increased and net uptake of alpha-NH2 N decreased. Net release of both L-lactate
      and NEFA increased. On d 9, there were no acute responses to clenbuterol
      consumption; however, heart rate, blood flow, and NEFA concentration remained
      chronically elevated, and plasma concentrations of acetate and propionate
      decreased compared with control feeding. Net uptake of alpha-NH2 N, oxygen and
      release of L-lactate by the hindquarters chronically increased on d 9 of
      clenbuterol feeding. Changes in both blood flow and arteriovenous (AV)
      concentration difference contributed to changes in uptake/release. The chronic
      metabolic changes and oxygen uptake were consistent with increased N retention in
      the hindquarters through increased protein synthesis, decreased use of acetate
      and increased reliance on NEFA for cellular energy. In conclusion, the data show
      that the perturbation of homeostatic regulation by dietary clenbuterol on d 1
      evolved to establishment of homeorhetic regulation by d 9 that is consistent with
      increased skeletal protein accretion in growing steers.

PMID- 3372381
TI  - Lipid synthesis and adipocyte growth in adipose tissue from sheep chronically fed
      a beta-adrenergic agent.
AB  - The effects of the chronic ingestion of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol
      on ovine sc adipose tissue were investigated. Three groups of 10 wether lambs
      with an average initial weight of 22.7 kg were used as experimental animals.
      After culling 2 to 3 animals per group, one group of eight sheep was slaughtered
      (initial). The remaining two groups of sheep (control, n = 7 and clenbuterol-fed,
      n = 8) were fed either a control, high-energy diet or one containing 2 ppm
      clenbuterol for 40 to 44 d. At slaughter, sc adipose tissue was obtained from all
      animals for assays in vitro. Subcutaneous fat accretion observed over time in the
      control sheep was due primarily to an increase in the number of lipid-filled
      adipocytes. This phenomenon was not observed in the clenbuterol-fed sheep. The
      incorporation of acetate into lipid increased in the clenbuterol-fed group
      relative to the initial group and was numerically greater than the rate observed
      for the control group. Similar results were observed for lipogenic enzyme
      activities and fatty acid-binding protein activity. Palmitate esterification in
      vitro tended to be elevated in the clenbuterol-fed group, relative to the control
      group, suggesting increased triacylglycerol turnover. The in vitro data indicate
      that clenbuterol did not decrease sc fat accretion in sheep by inhibiting
      lipogenesis.

PMID- 3372382
TI  - Describing interactions in dystocia scores with a threshold model.
AB  - Field data on calving difficulty scores provided by the American Simmental
      Association were subjected to two methods of analysis: ordinary least-squares
      analysis and maximum likelihood with an assumed threshold model. In each
      analysis, the model included the interaction of sex of calf X age of dam. This
      interaction was readily apparent in the data (observed scale): within the
      youngest dams 58% of the heifer calves and 37% of the bull calves were born
      unassisted vs 96% and 92%, respectively, in the oldest dams. The objective was to
      determine if this interaction would be greatly reduced or would disappear on the
      underlying scale of a threshold model. The least-squares estimate of the sex
      difference was greatest within the youngest age-of-dam group (18 to 24 mo) and
      steadily declined with increasing age of dam, approaching zero for dams 6 yr and
      older. In contrast, the estimates of the sex difference from the threshold
      analysis were remarkably similar across ages of dam. It was concluded that
      observed interactions in calving ease data could be adequately described by a
      threshold model in which the effects of age of dam and sex of calf act additively
      on the underlying variable.

PMID- 3372383
TI  - Digestion of hay protein in different segments of the equine digestive tract.
AB  - Mature ponies fitted with permanent ileal cannulas were used in a 3 X 3 Latin
      square experiment to quantify prececal, postileal and total tract digestion of
      hay protein. Coastal Bermuda grass (CB), containing 11.7% crude protein, and two
      qualities of alfalfa, containing 15.0% (low-protein alfalfa; LA) and 18.1% (high
      protein alfalfa; HA) crude protein, were fed in coarsely chopped form at 2% of
      body weight daily. Total tract apparent digestibility of the N in HA (73.8%) was
      higher than that in CB (57.0%; P less than .05) and was slightly higher than that
      in LA (66.1%; P less than .10). Nitrogen in LA was apparently more digestible
      than that in CB (P less than .05). Apparent prececal digestibilities of N in LA
      and CB were 1.3% and 9.6%, respectively, and were lower (P less than .05), or
      tended to be lower (P less than .10), than the 21.0% observed for HA. In relative
      terms, an average of 9.4% of the total N digestion occurred in the upper tract
      when CB and LA were fed, whereas 28.5% of total N digestion occurred in the
      foregut when HA was fed. There was a slightly higher concentration of total
      plasma free amino acids (P less than .10) at 1 h postfeeding when horses were fed
      alfalfa. Also, N retention was higher when ponies were fed HA (P less than .05)
      than when LA or CB were fed. Apparent postileal N digestibility was 52.5% for CB,
      65.7% for LA and 66.9% for HA. Differences were not significant, and the large
      intestine appeared to compensate for the inefficiency of N digestion in the upper
      tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372384
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in mature horses at varying levels of work.
AB  - Nitrogen metabolism was measured in five mature geldings performing varying
      levels of work that simulated race training. Following an initial maintenance
      period without forced exercise, workload was increased in succeeding 18-d periods
      by doubling the distance the horses were galloped in each period from period 2
      through 4. A 4-d N balance experiment was conducted at the end of each 18-d
      period. The maximum distance galloped daily, which was in period 4, was repeated
      in period 5. Then, workloads were decreased through period 7. Nitrogen balance
      was determined in two additional periods, 8 and 9, while the geldings were at
      maintenance with no forced exercise. Geldings were fed diets containing similar
      protein-to-calorie ratios in all periods. Nitrogen retention increased (P less
      than .05) as workload increased from period 1 to period 3 and remained elevated
      throughout the rest of the experiment. Nitrogen retention did not (P greater than
      .05) decrease from highest values, observed at maximum workload during periods 4
      and 5, until period 9, which was 34 d postexercise during a maintenance period.
      Nitrogen retention was higher (P less than .05) following training than before
      training.

PMID- 3372385
TI  - USDA regulation of residues in meat and poultry products.
AB  - The National Residue Program conducted by the Food Safety and Inspection Service
      (FSIS) of the USDA includes a comprehensive testing program for residues of
      pesticides, drugs and other chemical contaminants in meat and poultry. Prevention
      strategies encourage producers to adopt quality control measures in their
      production management to prevent illegal residues in food. These activities have
      been effective in reducing the occurrence of violative residues and the potential
      for adverse health effects. Overall, the number of domestic monitoring samples
      containing violative residues is low-about 1% of samples tested. Violative
      residues are found less frequently in poultry than in livestock. More occur in
      swine than in other species; the least number occur in fed cattle and broilers.
      Testing results over the last 10 yr show that most drugs and pesticides used to
      enhance agricultural productivity are not causing a residue problem in meat and
      poultry. However, the FSIS cannot be complacent about its program achievements.
      Unacceptably high incidences of violative residues of certain drugs, namely,
      sulfonamides and antibiotics, still occur in particular production classes. For
      example, the incidence of violative sulfonamide residues in liver samples from
      swine slaughtered in 1985 was about 6%, with significant differences between
      geographical areas. An estimated 2.5% of market hogs had violative sulfamethazine
      residues in the muscle tissue. The FSIS is taking steps to correct this and other
      residue problems by strengthening the link between residue detection and
      enforcement and by expanding its analytical capability to monitor for residues.

PMID- 3372386
TI  - Feedback of 17 beta-estradiol on secretion of luteinizing hormone during
      different seasons of the year.
AB  - The working hypothesis was that the amount of increase in secretion of
      luteinizing hormone (LH) that results from positive feedback of 17 beta-estradiol
      (E2) is dependent on season of the year in mature bovine females. Seven beef
      cows, ovariectomized approximately 2 mo before the initiation of the experiment,
      were used in the initial year (1983) of the study. Three of the ovariectomized
      cows (OVX-E2) received an sc E2 implant, which provided low circulating levels of
      E2. The remaining four cows (OVX) were not implanted. Blood samples were
      collected serially (at 10-min intervals for 6 h) at each spring and fall equinox
      and at each summer and winter solstice. This protocol was replicated with a
      different group of cows in 1985 (OVX-E2, n = 4; OVX, n = 6). Concentration of LH
      in blood serum was quantified in all samples. Concentration of E2 in blood serum
      was measured in pools of samples from each serial blood collection.
      Concentrations of E2 were higher (P less than .05) in the implanted cows. Mean
      concentration of LH and amplitude of pulses of LH were higher (P less than .05)
      at each season of the year in cows that were ovariectomized and implanted with E2
      than in cows that were ovariectomized and did not receive E2. An effect of season
      of the year on mean concentration of LH was detected (P less than .01). No
      influence of season or E2 was detected for frequency of pulses of LH. There was
      no significant treatment X season interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372387
TI  - Effect of melatonin on induction of estrous cycles in anestrous ewes.
AB  - To examine the influence of melatonin on seasonality of reproduction, 97
      multiparous Suffolk and Suffolk-cross ewes were randomly assigned to one of four
      treatment (TRT) groups in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were as
      follows: 1) control (C); 2) melatonin (M); 3) progestogen (P) implant of
      norgestomet plus pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) injection (P + PMSG) and
      4) M plus TRT 3 (M + P + PMSG). From April 3 to June 24 an oral dose of 2 mg M
      was administered once daily at 1600 to each ewe in TRT groups M and M + P + PMSG.
      On April 30, ewes in groups P + PMSG and M + P + PMSG were implanted in the ear
      with 2 mg norgestomet for 13 d. Immediately following implant removal, each ewe
      was injected with 500 IU PMSG. Blood samples were collected from all ewes twice
      weekly from March 22 through June 24. Number of estrous cycles per ewe during the
      TRT period of 82 d (April 3 to June 24) was higher (P less than .05) for M + P +
      PMSG (2.1 +/- .2) than for C (.3 +/- .2), M (1.5 +/- .2) and P + PMSG (1.1 +/-
      .2). Control ewes had fewer (P less than .05) estrous cycles per ewe than either
      M or P + PMSG. Following the induced estrus, 40% of ewes in the M TRT had one
      estrous cycle; 32% had two or more cycles. For ewes treated with M + P + PMSG,
      24% had one cycle, and 32% had two estrous cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3372388
TI  - Effect of pinealectomy on prolactin, testosterone and luteinizing hormone
      concentration in plasma of bull calves exposed to 8 or 16 hours of light per day.
AB  - Pineal tissue was removed from eight 6-wk-old bull calves (PX), whereas eight
      similar calves received sham pinealectomies (SPX). Before and after surgery,
      calves received 8 h of light (L):16 h of darkness (D) daily until 20 wk of age
      (wk 0 of experiment), at which time eight calves (four PX and four SPX) were
      maintained under 8L:16D for 12 additional wk, whereas the remaining eight calves
      received 16L:8D. At 0, 4, 8 and 12 wk of experiment, blood was collected from
      each animal for 26 h at 30-min intervals. Melatonin in SPX calves at wk 12
      increased from 16.2 pg/ml of plasma when lights were on to 81.6 pg/ml during
      lights off, whereas in PX calves the nocturnal increase was absent. However, the
      nocturnal surge did occur in three PX calves on 8L:16D treatment, and those
      animals were excluded from calculations and analysis. At wk 0, prolactin (PRL)
      averaged 47 ng/ml among all calves. By wk 4 PRL increased (P less than .01) to 80
      and 96 ng/ml in PX and SPX calves receiving 16L:8D, respectively; PRL averaged 53
      and 48 ng/ml, respectively in PX and SPX calves maintained on 8L:16D. Prolactin
      was greater (P less than .05) through wk 12 in PX (64 ng/ml) and SPX (64 ng/ml)
      calves receiving 16L:8D than in calves exposed to 8L:16D, which remained
      unchanged (54 and 48 ng/ml). Testosterone was unaffected by photoperiod, but
      tended to be less (P = .13) in plasma of PX than of SPX calves at wk 0 (.90 vs
      1.45 ng/ml of plasma).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372389
TI  - Monensin level during grain adaptation and finishing performance in cattle.
AB  - Two finishing trials were conducted to measure the response of cattle adjusting
      to high-concentrate diets to dietary monensin level. In trial 1, 54 individually
      fed Hereford-Angus steers (312 kg), previously fed a two-thirds corn silage: one
      third corncob-based diet, were allotted in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of
      treatment with tylosin (0, 11 mg/kg) and monesin (0, 11, 33 mg/kg) fed during a
      28-d, grain-adaptation period (fed 75% concentrate for 6 d and then fed 95%
      concentrate). After 28 d, all steers were continued on their respective levels of
      tylosin and 33 mg/kg monensin for the remaining 119 d. Daily intake patterns
      indicated digestive upset in all treatments during adjustment to the 95%
      concentrate diet. Blood samples taken during the first 28 d revealed no
      differences in acid-base status in response to monensin level; however, all
      steers exhibited reduced (P less than .01) pH and HCO3 and increased (P less than
      .01) lactate after 4 d on a 75%-concentrate diet. In the initial 28 d, intake
      decreased (linear P less than .05) as the level of monensin increased. In the
      total finishing period, however, increasing the level of monensin fed during
      grain adaptation decreased (linear P less than .05) intake and tended to decrease
      (linear P = .20) gain with no effect on feed efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372390
TI  - Effect of ruminal infusion of glucose, volatile fatty acids and hydrochloric acid
      on mineral metabolism in sheep.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of alterations in ruminal pH
      and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations on utilization of Mg and other
      minerals. In Exp. 1, two metabolism trials were conducted with 12 ruminally
      cannulated crossbred wethers fed 800 g/d of orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata,
      L.) hay. After each feeding, wethers were ruminally infused with 500 ml (4.2
      ml/min) or either 1) deionized water, 2) 40% (w/v) glucose solution, 3) .26 M
      propionic and .17 M butyric acid solution or 4) .35 M HCl. The pH of the VFA
      solution was adjusted to 6.8 with 10N NaOH. In Exp. 2, a metabolism trial was
      conducted with 12 ruminally cannulated crossbred wethers fed 600 g of orchard
      grass hay and infused with a buffered VFA solution prepared as in Exp. 1 or with
      an unbuffered solution. In both experiments each trial consisted of a 5-d
      adaption period followed by four 5-d collections of feed, feces and urine.
      Compared with the glucose treatment, infusion of the buffered VFA solution
      produced similar acetic and propionic and higher (P less than .05) butyric acid
      concentrations (Exp. 1). The HCl solution produced changes in ruminal and pH
      values similar to those of the glucose infusion. In Exp. 1, apparent absorption
      of Mg was increased over twofold by the glucose infusion (P less than .05), but
      the other infusions had no effect. Apparent absorption of P was decreased (P less
      than .05) by HCl infusion, and K absorption was decreased by HCl and glucose
      infusions. In Exp. 2, infusion of the unbuffered VFA solution decreased apparent
      Mg absorption by 15.7%, compared with infusion of the buffered solution. These
      experiments suggest that the increased Mg absorption observed with carbohydrate
      supplementation is not due to alterations in ruminal pH or VFA levels.

PMID- 3372391
TI  - Net portal nutrient flux in steers fed diets containing wheat and sorghum grain
      alone or in combination.
AB  - Three Holstein steers (280 to 353 kg during the experiment) fitted with hepatic
      portal, mesenteric venous and arterial catheters were fed 90% concentrate diets
      containing wheat, dry-rolled sorghum grain or a 50:50 mixture of the two to
      determine the effect of dietary grain source on net portal nutrient flux. Steers
      were allotted to a six-period crossover design with treatments lasting 2 wk.
      Diets were fed in 12 portions daily to equal intakes across treatments.
      Simultaneous arterial and portal blood samples were taken four times per day for
      the final 3 d of the treatment period. Portal blood flow was determined by
      continuous infusion of p-aminohippuric acid, and net portal nutrient absorption
      was calculated by venous-arterial difference X blood flow. Dry matter intakes
      averaged 6.2, 6.1 and 6.0 kg/d for wheat, 50:50 mixture and sorghum grain,
      respectively. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, NH3, urea-N or alpha-amino-N were
      not affected by diet. Net fluxes increased for propionate and decreased for 2
      methylbutyrate as the level of wheat increased (P less than .10). Overall,
      acetate and propionate net fluxes contributed 57% to 66% of the absorbed energy
      on these diets, with glucose contributing a maximum of 4% on the sorghum grain
      diet.

PMID- 3372392
TI  - Effects of additives on in vitro ruminal fermentation: a comparison of monensin
      and bacitracin, another gram-positive antibiotic.
AB  - Mixed ruminal bacteria (n = 4) were incubated in anaerobic media for 24 h in
      vitro with either hay, corn meal, protein hydrolyzate or hydrogen gas as the
      substrate. The ionophore monensin and the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin were
      added to the incubation flasks at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 or 40
      mg/liter. As was expected, monensin decreased methane production, increased the
      ratio of propionate to acetate and decreased the deamination of amino acids.
      Monensin had little effect on methane production, however, if hydrogen gas was
      the fermentation substrate. Bacitracin, another gram-positive antibiotic with a
      distinctly different cellular target, was somewhat less potent than monensin, but
      it produced strikingly similar responses. This similarity of fermentation
      patterns suggested that monensin action in the rumen is probably due to its
      activity as a gram-positive antibiotic, and that any gram-positive antibiotic not
      suppressed by resistance may produce fermentation effects similar to those of
      monensin. The cellular action of monensin as an ionophore in membranes is
      probably little more than a means of inhibiting sensitive species. Many gram
      positive antibiotics have little affect on ciliate protozoa or coccidia.

PMID- 3372393
TI  - Effect of brown midrib and normal genotypes of sorghum X sudangrass on ruminal
      fluid and particulate rate of passage from the rumen and extent of digestion at
      various sites along the gastrointestinal tract in sheep.
AB  - The objectives of this experiment were to determine fluid and particulate rate of
      passage from the rumen and extent of digestion at various sites along the
      gastrointestinal tract in sheep fed normal and brown midrib sorghum X sudangrass
      hybrids. Four Suffolk wethers (80 kg) with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae
      were assigned to one of four diets in a 4 X 4 Latin square with a 2 X 2 factorial
      arrangement of treatments. Diets were hays of two sorghum X sudangrass varieties,
      Redlan X Greenleaf and Redlan X Piper, and their corresponding brown midrib
      mutants. There were no compositional differences resulting from variety or
      genotype in lignin content or fiber components, although alkali-soluble phenolic
      acids were higher in normal genotypes than in brown midrib. Vanillin was lower,
      whereas para-coumaric acid was higher, in normal genotypes than in brown midrib
      mutants. Ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber
      and cellulose was lower (P less than .05) for normal genotypes than for the brown
      midribs. Total-tract digestibility of cellulose was higher (P less than .05) for
      brown midrib mutants than for corresponding normal genotypes. No quantitative
      differences in fiber composition or lignin content were detected between normal
      and brown midrib genotypes; however, differences in composition of alkali-soluble
      phenolic acids of the lignin fraction could explain differences in digestibility
      detected between the two genotypes.

PMID- 3372394
TI  - Performance, blood and ruminal characteristics of cows receiving monensin and a
      magnesium supplement.
AB  - Forty-eight Angus and Hereford cows were used in a completely random design with
      a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of monensin
      and two sources of Mg on performance, ruminal characteristics and mineral status
      of mature beef cows. Cows were fed wheat straw treated with NH3 during late
      gestation and straw treated with NH3 plus bromegrass haylage after calving along
      with a protein supplement that contained either MgO (7.5 g/kg) or MgSO4 (11
      g/kg). One half of the cows received monensin (1 g/kg) in their protein
      supplement. During the precalving period, MgO without monensin increased (P less
      than .01) plasma Mg compared with Mg in plasma of cows receiving MgSO4 or MgO
      with monensin. Magnesium oxide also increased cow weight gains during late
      gestation (P less than .05) compared with weight gains of cows supplemented with
      MgSO4, but magnesium source had no effect on weight gain postcalving. Plasma
      glucose was increased by monensin (P less than .05) and by MgSO4 (P less than
      .01) during early lactation. Monensin increased the proportion of propionate
      before (P less than .05) and after (P less than .10) calving in the ruminal fluid
      of cows. Monensin also increased (P less than .05) cow weight gain precalving and
      tended to decrease (P less than .10) milk fat in lactating cows. Calf weight
      gains were not affected by treatment of dam. Magnesium oxide appeared to have
      higher Mg bioavailability than MgSO4 for cows precalving, but Mg bioavailability
      was not different postcalving. Monensin increased cow weight gains precalving and
      improved feed efficiency postcalving.

PMID- 3372395
TI  - Effect of age, weaning and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and
      jejunal morphology in young swine.
AB  - The effect of age, weaning and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and
      morphology were investigated in young swine. Small intestine weight and villus
      height, measured at the midpoint of the small intestine (i.e., jejunum), were
      determined in suckling and weaned pigs. Scanning electron microscopy was
      performed on jejunal specimens from suckling pigs killed at 2, 10, 21, 28 and 35
      d of age and in 21-d and 35-d weaned pigs at various ages postweaning. A 2 X 2
      factorial arrangement of postweaning diets also was used to investigate jejunal
      morphological measurements in a 21-d-old weanling pig group. These dietary
      treatments evaluated the effects of 0 or 25% added dried whey and 0 or 6% added
      corn oil. The morphology results demonstrated that jejunal villus height declined
      during the suckling period, with a marked reduction at 3 and 7 d postweaning for
      both 21-d-old and 35-d-old weaned pigs. Transmission electron microscopy also
      demonstrated long, uniform microvilli on the jejunal villi in suckling pigs at 2
      and 21 d, with markedly reduced lengths upon weaning. Jejunal villi were shorter
      in weaned compared with suckling pigs at the same approximate chronological age.
      Scanning electron microscopy in suckling pigs at 2 and 10 d of age demonstrated
      long, thin, fingerlike villi with subsequently reduced heights and larger
      diameters by 35 d of age. At weaning, villi were in close apposition, resulting
      in an overall smoother villus luminal surface. Villus height subsequently
      increased by 14 d postweaning, coinciding with the appearance of morphologically
      tongue-shaped villi. Starter diet composition initially did not influence the
      villus height reduction response postweaning. Dietary corn oil addition was
      subsequently associated with shortened villus length (P less than .05) during the
      starter phase.

PMID- 3372396
TI  - Factors affecting growth and lipase production by meat lactobacilli strains and
      Brochothrix thermosphacta.
AB  - Lipolytic activity of lactobacilli strains and Brochothrix thermosphacta was cell
      related; no significant activity was found in the supernatant fluids. Most lipase
      was produced during the logarithmic phase of growth and was greatly affected by
      growth conditions. The optimal temperatures for growth and lipase production were
      respectively 24 degrees C for B. thermosphacta and 30 degrees C for lactobacilli.
      For all strains, an initial pH of around 7.0 for the medium and low glucose
      concentration stimulated lipase production. Tributyrin inhibited both growth and
      lipase production at a concentration of 0.1% for B. thermosphacta or 1% for
      lactobacilli. Butyric acid (0.1%) and anaerobic culture inhibited lipase
      production by B. thermosphacta while these two factors had no effect on enzyme
      production by lactobacilli.

PMID- 3372397
TI  - Behaviour of Staphylococcus aureus strains, producers of enterotoxins C1 or C2,
      during the manufacture and storage of Burgos cheese.
AB  - Burgos cheese was manufactured from pasteurized ewes' milk inoculated with
      Staphylococcus aureus strains FRI 137 and FRI 361, at levels of ca 10(3) and
      10(5) cfu/ml and stored at 4 degrees, 10 degrees and 15 degrees C and at room
      temperature (10 degrees-15 degrees C). Populations of Staph. aureus and
      mesophilic aerobes, pH, and production of thermonuclease and enterotoxins C1 and
      C2 were investigated. Aerobic counts increased during cheese-making and storage.
      With both test strains, important growth was observed only during the storage
      period, the larger levels corresponding to the higher temperatures. Although
      Staph. aureus strains attained populations of over 10(8) cfu/g, no enterotoxin
      was detected. Strain FRI 361 reached 10(7) cfu/g without production of a
      detectable amount of thermonuclease. With strain FRI 137, the minimal population
      associated with enzyme activity was influenced by the inoculum size.
      Staphylococcus aureus counts are better indicators of staphylococcal growth in
      Burgos cheese than the thermonuclease test.

PMID- 3372398
TI  - Serovars and biovars of Campylobacter strains isolated from humans and
      slaughterhouse animals in northern Germany.
AB  - A total of 318 Campylobacter strains from sporadic cases of human enteritis (109
      strains) and healthy slaughterhouse animals in northern Germany (209 strains)
      were bio- and serotyped according to the Lior typing schemes. Three hundred
      strains were typable (94.3%) and 38 serovars were identified. Among human strains
      28 serovars were identified with 30% of them belonging to serovar 4. Strains from
      pigs were associated with 25 serovars, the most frequent being serovar 20
      (21.2%). Fourteen serovars were identified in the ovine strains of which 31.1%
      were of serovar 49, and 22.2% of serovar 4. All of the strains from one chicken
      farm were of serovar 11, whereas in those from another serovar 1 was predominant
      (85.4%). Twenty-five of the 38 serovars identified were associated with at least
      two different biovars. Campylobacter jejuni biovar I was predominant in humans,
      sheep and chickens and Campylobacter coli biovar I in pigs. The results suggest
      that the combined use of bio- and serotyping according to the Lior typing schemes
      would be of use in studies on the epidemiology of human campylobacteriosis in
      Germany.

PMID- 3372399
TI  - A serogroup of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae possessing the Inaba antigen of Vibrio
      cholerae O1.
AB  - A serogroup of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae, tentatively named Hakata, possessing the C
      (Inaba) factor but not the B (Ogawa) and A factors of V. cholerae O1 is
      described. Strains of this serogroup were isolated from river and estuarine
      waters and from frozen shrimps.

PMID- 3372400
TI  - Plasmids in Staphylococcus hyicus.
AB  - Fifty-one strains of Staphylococcus hyicus and six of Staph. chromogenes were
      collected from porcine and bovine sources in England and Belgium. Antibiotic
      resistance and plasmid profiles were established. Plasmids associated with
      resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin were identified in many
      strains; these plasmids were about the same size as those mediating similar
      resistances in Staph. aureus of human origin. Many small cryptic plasmids were
      also seen.

PMID- 3372401
TI  - A comparison of two intervention roles: peer monitor and point earner.
AB  - Two fifth-grade students' high levels of off-task and disruptive behavior
      decreased rapidly during an intervention in which they were appointed peer
      monitors or point earners. The children worked in dyads in which one child served
      as a peer monitor and the other child earned points from his or her monitor for
      good behavior. Points were accumulated as part of a group contingency. We
      introduced the two appointments in an independent math period and alternated the
      appointments across days. The peer monitor and point earner roles, when
      alternated on an every-other-day basis, were equally effective in reducing the
      students' inappropriate behavior. Furthermore, their behavior during intervention
      fell well within the range of inappropriate behavior levels exhibited by
      classmates. The speed with which both students completed their math problems
      increased during both appointments. The accuracy of their academic work, however,
      varied; one student improved slightly and the other student decreased slightly in
      accuracy.

PMID- 3372403
TI  - Acquisition and functional analysis of manding with autistic students.
AB  - Three autistic students were trained to request a specific object from an adult
      "supplier" with the sentence, "Give me--" and to deliver that object to another
      adult, the "director." Subsequently, the degree to which the object offered by
      the supplier controlled the "Give me--" verbal response was assessed by
      delivering to the student an object other than the one requested. Despite knowing
      the names of all objects used in the experiment, students accepted and delivered
      to the director any object offered by the supplier regardless of its match with
      the requested object. After training to say "That's not it. Give me--" when
      nonrequested objects were offered, students responded differentially to requested
      and nonrequested objects, suggesting control of the "Give me--" response by the
      requested object, a characteristic of a mand. These results generalized across
      settings and objects. Results are discussed in terms of the training technique to
      establish manding and the functional analysis of the resulting verbal behavior.

PMID- 3372404
TI  - Stimulus variation as a means of enhancing punishment effects.
AB  - We compared the effects of varied punishers (presentation of one of three
      available punishers) with the single presentation of one of the punishers on the
      occurrence of inappropriate behaviors with three developmentally delayed
      children. Two children were presented with varied-punisher conditions in which
      either overcorrection, time-out, or a verbal "no" was presented contingent upon
      inappropiate behavior. A loud noise was substituted for overcorrection for a
      third child. Results of the multielement with reversal design indicated that both
      punishment formats produced a decrease in the target behaviors with the varied
      punisher format slightly more effective than the single presentations of the
      punishers. The results suggest the use of varied punishers as a means of
      enhancing the effects of less intrusive procedures to effectively reduce
      inappropriate behaviors.

PMID- 3372405
TI  - Behavioral management of exercise training in vascular headache patients: an
      investigation of exercise adherence and headache activity.
AB  - A behavioral package was used to shape and maintain the adherence of 5 subjects
      with vascular headache to a program of aerobic exercise training. Repeated
      measures of exercise behavior were examined through the use of a bidirectional
      changing criterion design. Repeated measures of headache activity were also
      collected. Results demonstrated a functional relationship between the behavioral
      package and exercise adherence, because all 5 subjects showed exercise behavior
      that matched bidirectional changing exercise criteria. The results also indicated
      clinically significant collateral reductions in vascular headache activity in 4
      subjects. Subjects whose aerobic fitness levels were not masked by vasoactive
      medication also showed measurable increases in aerobic fitness. The results are
      discussed in terms of the methodology used to demonstrate a functional
      relationship between the adherence package and exercise behavior and the possible
      mechanism(s) by which aerobic exercise activity might affect vascular headache
      activity.

PMID- 3372402
TI  - Communication skills training for parents: experimental and social validation.
AB  - Coordination of professional services of behalf of children often hinges on the
      involvement of informed parents. The purposes of this study were to identify and
      experimentally and socially validate skills required of parents for effective
      communication with professionals. Target skills were identified on the basis of
      judges' social validation ratings of (a) sample interactions between parents and
      professionals and (b) the behaviors comprising a resultant task analysis. Eight
      parents were then trained in these skills via an instructional package. Results
      of a multiple baseline design across subjects and grouped skill domains showed
      that each parent acquired the targeted skills during simulated conferences and
      that correct responding usually generalized to actual conferences. Independent
      judges validated training outcomes, and participating parents indicated
      satisfaction with the curriculum.

PMID- 3372406
TI  - A comparison of peer-directed and teacher-directed employment interview training
      for mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Interview skills deficits may limit employment prospects of mentally retarded
      adults. Although numerous papers highlight the importance of interview skills,
      few have validated effective strategies for use with mentally retarded persons.
      Further, there has been a lack of research contrasting rival interview skills
      training strategies. The present study was conducted with two mentally retarded
      young adults. It contrasted peer-directed instruction, in which both participants
      were equally deficient in the target skills, with teacher-directed instruction.
      Results of the investigation indicated that instruction, rehearsal, and feedback
      may be effective strategies regardless of who provides instruction. Comparisons
      of teacher-directed and peer-directed instruction indicated little or no
      difference in the effectiveness of the two procedures. However, the peer-directed
      procedure involved considerably less staff time than did the teacher-directed
      procedure.

PMID- 3372407
TI  - Contractile properties of cat skeletal muscle after repetitive stimulation.
AB  - The isometric and force-velocity properties of the fast-twitch flexor digitorum
      longus (FDL) and slow-twitch soleus muscles were investigated immediately after
      and during recovery from a fatiguing stimulus regime (40 Hz for 330 ms every
      second for 180 s) in the anesthetized cat. The amplitude of the isometric twitch
      of FDL was unaffected but in soleus it remained depressed for much of the
      recovery period. Immediately after stimulation the twitch time to peak of FDL
      increased to 140% of the control (prefatigue) value and then reverted to control
      values. The maximum isometric tetanic tension (Po) developed by FDL was reduced
      to 67% of control values immediately after the stimulus regime, whereas soleus
      declined to 93% of control. Recovery of maximum force development was achieved
      after 45 min in FDL and after 15 min in soleus. The maximum speed of shortening
      of FDL was reduced to 63% of control values immediately after fatigue; despite
      some recovery within the first 30 min, it remained depressed during the remainder
      of the recovery period (up to 300 min). Maximum speed of shortening was unaltered
      in soleus. The a/Po value transiently increased to 176% of control values in FDL
      immediately after the fatigue regime but promptly returned to control values.
      Force-velocity properties of soleus were not affected by the stimulus regime. It
      is concluded that in FDL changes in the maximum speed of shortening and maximum
      isometric tension as a result of the stimulus regime are attributable to changes
      in the intrinsic behavior of cross-bridges and the metabolic status of the
      fibers, particularly in the fast-twitch fatigue-resistant fibers.

PMID- 3372408
TI  - Steady-state response of normal subjects to an inspiratory sinusoidal pressure
      load.
AB  - Inspiratory duration (TI) increases during inspiratory resistive loading in
      conscious humans. To ascertain whether this response is related to the temporal
      pattern of pressure perturbation (reaching a peak in early or midinspiration and
      declining subsequently) we compared the response of nine normal subjects to a
      usual resistor (narrow tube, RES) with their response when mouth pressure was
      reduced in a sinusoidal fashion during inspiration (SIN). Whereas the negative
      pressure pattern was similar with both loads (peak negative pressure near
      midinspiration), there was no relation between pressure and flow in the case of
      sinusoidal loading. Each experiment consisted of two loading periods, 4 min each,
      and three unloaded periods, also 4 min each, bracketing the periods of loading.
      The order of RES and SIN was randomized. TI during loading was compared with the
      average TI of the preceding and following unloaded periods. TI increased 0.74 +/-
      0.12 and 0.27 +/- 0.05 (SE) s during RES and SIN, respectively (P less than
      0.01). We conclude that the temporal pattern of pressure change during resistance
      breathing plays a small role in mediating the TI prolongation. Coupling between
      flow and the pressure perturbation appears to be an important determinant of TI
      prolongation.

PMID- 3372409
TI  - Recovery of the ventilatory response to hypoxia in normal adults.
AB  - Recovery of the initial ventilatory response to hypoxia was examined after the
      ventilatory response had declined during sustained hypoxia. Normal young adults
      were exposed to two consecutive 25-min periods of sustained isocapnic hypoxia
      (80% O2 saturation in arterial blood), separated by varying interludes of room
      air breathing or an increased inspired O2 fraction (FIO2). The decline in the
      hypoxic ventilatory response during the 1st 25 min of hypoxia was not restored
      after a 7-min interlude of room air breathing; inspired ventilation (VI) at the
      end of the first hypoxic period was not different from VI at the beginning and
      end of the second hypoxic period. After a 15-min interlude of room air breathing,
      the hypoxic ventilatory response had begun to recover. With a 60-min interlude of
      room air breathing, recovery was complete; VI during the second hypoxic exposure
      matched VI during the first hypoxic period. Ventilatory recovery was accelerated
      by breathing supplemental O2. With a 15-min interlude of 0.3 FIO2 or 7 min of 1.0
      FIO2, VI of the first and second hypoxic periods were equivalent. Both the
      decline and recovery of the hypoxic ventilatory response were related to
      alterations in tidal volume and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), with little
      alteration in respiratory timing. We conclude that the mechanism of the decline
      in the ventilatory response with sustained hypoxia may require up to 1 h for
      complete reversal and that the restoration is O2 sensitive.

PMID- 3372410
TI  - Reliability and validity of bioelectrical impedance in determining body
      composition.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the reliability and validity of the
      bioelectrical impedance method (BIA) of measuring body composition and compare
      its accuracy with the results obtained by standard anthropometric methods BIA,
      skinfold fat, and hydrostatically measured percent fat (% fat) were obtained on
      44 women and 24 men. Each subject was tested four times by two testers on two
      different days. Generalizability theory was used to estimate reliability and
      measurement error that considered both day-to-day and intertester error. The BIA,
      skinfold fat, and hydrostatic methods were all found to be reliable (Rxx = 0.957
      0.987) with standard errors ranging from 0.9 to 1.5% fat. An additional 26 men (n
      = 50) and 38 women (n = 82) were tested once and combined with the data used for
      the reliability analysis to cross-validate BIA estimates of % fat with
      hydrostatically determined % fat. The cross-validation correlations for the BIA
      determinations of % fat ranged from 0.71 to 0.76, which were significantly lower
      than that obtained with the sum of seven (sigma 7) skinfolds equations (rxy =
      0.92 for men and 0.88 for women). The correlations between the weight-to-height
      ratio body mass index (BMI) and hydrostatically determined % fat were 0.75 and
      0.74 for men and women, respectively. The standard errors of estimate for the two
      BIA models ranged from 4.6 to 6.4% fat compared with 2.6 and 3.6% fat for the
      sigma 7 equations. The BIA method for measuring body composition was comparable
      to the BMI method, with height and weight accounting for most of the variance in
      the BIA equation.

PMID- 3372411
TI  - Induction of upper airway occlusion in sleeping individuals with subatmospheric
      nasal pressure.
AB  - In collapsible biologic conduits, occlusion and cessation of flow occur when
      upstream pressure falls below a critical pressure (Pcrit). To examine the
      relationship between Pcrit and the development of upper airway occlusion, we
      examined the relationship between maximal inspiratory airflow and nasal pressure
      in seven normal subjects during sleep. At varying levels of subatmospheric
      pressure applied to a nasal mask during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep,
      maximal inspiratory airflow decreased in proportion to the level of nasal
      pressure. When nasal pressure fell below a Pcrit, subjects demonstrated upper
      airway occlusions terminated by arousals. In these normal subjects, the upper
      airway Pcrit was found to be -13.3 +/- 3.2 (SD) cmH2O. In four subjects who
      sustained sleep while nasal pressure remained below the Pcrit, recurrent
      occlusive apneas were demonstrated. The relationship between maximal inspiratory
      airflow and nasal pressure in each subject was fit by linear regression and
      demonstrated upper airway Pcrit at the zero-flow intercept that were not
      significantly different from those observed experimentally. These data
      demonstrate that the normal human upper airway during sleep is characterized by a
      negative Pcrit and that occlusion may be induced when nasal pressure is decreased
      below this Pcrit.

PMID- 3372412
TI  - Genioglossus and breathing responses to airway occlusion: effect of sleep and
      route of occlusion.
AB  - We examined the effect of sleep state on the response of genioglossus muscle
      (EMGgg) activity to total airway occlusion applied at 1) nasal (N) airway [and
      thus exposing the upper airway (UAW) to pressure changes] and 2) tracheal (T)
      airway (thus excluding UAW from pressure changes). A total of 233 tests were
      performed during wakefulness (W), 98 tests in slow-wave sleep (SWS), and 72 tests
      in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Prolongation of inspiratory time (TI) of the
      first occluded effort occurred in all tests irrespective of behavioral state,
      with the greatest increase seen in awake N tests. Nasal tests augmented EMGgg
      activity in the first occluded breath and produced a linear increase in EMGgg
      during occlusion. The EMGgg activity at any given time during nasal occlusion in
      SWS was less than that recorded during W tests. There was a marked reduction in
      EMGgg response to N occlusion during REM sleep. The EMGgg activity during awake T
      tests was significantly less than that of N tests at any given time during
      occlusion. There was no relationship between the level of EMGgg activity and
      asphyxia in T tests performed during SWS and REM sleep. Nasal tests decreased the
      force generated by the inspiratory pump muscles and the central drive to
      breathing compared with T tests. These results confirm the important role of the
      UAW in regulating breathing pattern and indicate that both immediate and
      progressive load-compensating responses during nasal occlusion are influenced by
      information arising from the UAW.

PMID- 3372413
TI  - Effect of ambient temperature on protein breakdown during prolonged exercise.
AB  - Male subjects (n = 8) cycled for 90 min in 5, 20, and 30 degrees C environments.
      Rectal (Tre), chest, and thigh temperatures, O2 consumption (VO2), respiratory
      exchange ratio (R), and venous concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA),
      urea N, lactic acid (LA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and cortisol (C)
      were measured before, during, and after exercise. Urea N excretion was measured
      in 72 h of nonexercise, in 72 h of exercise (exercise day + 2 post-exercise days)
      urine samples, and in exercise sweat. Calculated 72-h protein utilization (means
      +/- SE) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) for the 5 (86.9 +/- 27.1 g)
      and 20 (82.9 +/- 22.7 g) compared with 30 degrees C (34.01 +/- 19.1 g) trial.
      Regardless of ambient temperature exercise increased the venous concentration of
      C, E, and NE. These catabolic hormones were greatest in 5, lowest in 20, and
      intermediate in 30 degrees C. Exercise Tre and VO2 were greatest in the 30
      degrees C environment. Venous FFA concentration was significantly higher and R
      significantly lower in 5 vs. 20 or 30 degrees C, and venous LA concentration was
      significantly greater in 30 vs. 20 or 5 degrees C. Although these results
      indicate that exercise protein breakdown is affected by ambient temperatures, the
      mechanism of action is not due solely to circulating NE, E, and C. Differences in
      venous FFA and LA across environmental temperatures suggest that alterations in
      carbohydrate and fat metabolism may have contributed to the observed variable
      protein utilization.

PMID- 3372414
TI  - Plasma adenosine and hypoxemia in patients with sleep apnea.
AB  - Severe hypoxemia causes ATP depletion and increased adenosine production in many
      body tissues. Therefore we hypothesized that patients with sleep apnea and severe
      hypoxemia during sleep have higher adenosine production and higher plasma
      adenosine levels than patients without hypoxemia. Twelve patients with sleep
      apnea and six normal volunteers had plasma adenosine levels measured by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Each patient with sleep apnea had a
      polysomnograph sleep study with oxyhemoglobin saturation continuously recorded.
      Five of 12 patients with sleep apnea had both sleep apnea and severe hypoxemia
      during sleep. These patients with severe nocturnal hypoxemia had significantly
      higher plasma adenosine levels (means +/- SD 9.7 +/- 5.5 X 10(-8) M) than either
      a group of six normal volunteers (3.5 +/- 0.7 X 10(-8) M) or a group of seven
      patients with sleep apnea without hypoxemia at night (3.1 +/- 1.5 X 10(-8) M) (P
      less than 0.01). In addition plasma adenosine levels were significantly
      correlated with two indexes of nocturnal hypoxemia (desaturation index rs = 0.79,
      and median oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep rs = -0.75, P less than 0.01).
      Plasma adenosine markedly fell to a normal level in the only two patients with
      sleep apnea who had successful treatment of their multiple apneas and
      accompanying severe hypoxemia during sleep.

PMID- 3372415
TI  - Intrapleural liquid flow down a gravity-dependent hydraulic pressure gradient.
AB  - We studied the vertical movement of 2 mg technetium-labeled albumin injected
      intrapleurally in 0.5 ml saline (15% of pleural liquid volume) in eight
      spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs subject to a sudden change in posture
      (prone to supine or vice versa). The albumin movements were evaluated through a
      large field gamma camera placed laterally to the animal and detecting total (AT)
      and regional activities from two superimposed equal areas (At and Ab, top and
      bottom, respectively). The At/Ab ratio decreased from 2.1 to 1.3 in four animals
      up to 20 min from the change in posture and from 0.9 to 0.5 in four more animals
      studied from 50 to 90 min from turning maneuver. The rate of change in At and Ab
      was similar in the two groups of animals and unaffected by the acquisition
      posture. AT decreased by 7.7 and 3.5% for the two groups, respectively,
      reflecting albumin clearance from the pleural space. The opposite time course of
      regional activities and the independence of their rate of change of the At/Ab
      ratio and of the animal posture suggest a top-to-bottom albumin transfer
      occurring through a bulk flow of liquid estimated at 0.006 ml.kg-1.h-1. The data
      are consistent with a measured vertical pleural liquid pressure gradient that
      does not reflect a hydrostatic condition.

PMID- 3372416
TI  - Baroreflex function in endurance- and static exercise-trained men.
AB  - The effect of exercise training mode on reflex cardiovascular control was studied
      in a cross-sectional design. We examined the cardiovascular responses to
      progressive incremental phenylephrine (PE) infusion to maximal rates of 120
      micrograms/min and the delta heart rate/delta blood pressure responses to lower
      body negative pressure (LBNP) to -50 Torr in 30 men who were either endurance
      exercise trained (ET), untrained (UT), or weight trained (WT). During PE
      infusion, measures of blood pressures, forearm blood flow, heart rate and cardiac
      output, and calculations of forearm vascular resistance, stroke volume, and
      peripheral vascular resistance were made at each infusion rate when steady-state
      blood pressure was attained. No significant differences (P less than 0.05) in
      forearm blood flow or resistance were observed between the groups at any dose of
      PE, suggesting that the vasoconstrictor response was similar among the groups.
      Regression analyses of heart rate against mean blood pressure during the PE
      infusion were performed to evaluate baroreflex function. A linear model was used
      and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.96 were obtained (P less than
      0.05). The slope of the line of best fit for the ET subjects (-0.57) was
      significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the slopes obtained for either the UT
      (-0.91) or WT (-0.88) subjects. In addition, the delta heart rate/delta blood
      pressure measurements obtained during LBNP reflected a similarly significant
      attenuation of reflex chronotropic control in the ET subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372417
TI  - Thoracoabdominal restriction in supine men: CT and lung function measurements.
AB  - Thoracoabdominal restriction was brought on by means of a corset, and the
      subsequent effects on thoracic dimensions and lung tissue were studied by
      computerized tomography (CT) and by various lung function tests in supine healthy
      volunteers (mean age 30 yr). Restriction caused reductions in total lung capacity
      (helium equilibration) from mean 6.84 to 4.80 liters, in functional residual
      capacity (FRC) from 2.65 to 2.08 liters, and in vital capacity from 5.16 to 3.45
      liters. Closing capacity (single-breath N2 washout) fell from 2.42 to 1.88
      liters, thus matching the reduction in FRC. The static pressure-lung volume curve
      was shifted to the right by 1.5 cmH2O at 50% of total lung capacity. However, no
      change in the slope of the curve was observed. The diaphragm was moved cranially
      by 1.2 cm, and the thoracic cross-sectional area was reduced by a mean 32 cm2 at
      a level just above the diaphragm. No changes in the lung tissue were seen on CT
      scanning. Gas exchange, as assessed by multiple inert gas elimination technique
      and arterial blood gas analysis, was unaffected by restriction. It is concluded
      that in supine subjects, thoracoabdominal restriction that reduces FRC by 0.6
      liter is not accompanied by atelectasis (normal CT scan). In this respect the
      result differs from that found in anesthetized supine subjects who show the same
      fall in FRC and atelectasis in dependent lung regions.

PMID- 3372418
TI  - Prolonged increased responsiveness of canine peripheral airways after exposure to
      O3.
AB  - Because it is relatively insoluble, the oxidant gas O3 may penetrate to small
      peripheral airways when it is inhaled. Increased responsiveness in large airways
      after O3 breathing has been associated with the presence of inflammatory cells.
      To determine whether O3 produces prolonged hyperresponsiveness of small airways
      associated with the presence of inflammatory cells, we exposed the peripheral
      lungs of anesthetized dogs to 1.0 ppm O3 for 2 h using a wedged bronchoscope
      technique. A contralateral sublobar segment was simultaneously exposed to air as
      a control. In the O3-exposed segments, collateral resistance (Rcs) was increased
      within 15 min and remained elevated approximately 150% throughout the 2-h
      exposure period. Fifteen hours later, the base-line Rcs of the O3-exposed
      sublobar segments was significantly elevated, and these segments demonstrated
      increased responsiveness to aerosolized acetylcholine (100 and 500
      micrograms/ml). There were no differences in neutrophils, mononuclear cells, or
      mast cells (numbers or degree of mast cell degranulation) between O3 and air
      exposed airways at 15 h. The small airways of the lung periphery thus are capable
      of remaining hyperresponsive hours after cessation of localized exposure to O3,
      but this does not appear to be dependent on the presence of inflammatory cells in
      the small airway wall.

PMID- 3372419
TI  - Elasticity of arterioles and venules in postmortem human lungs.
AB  - The elasticity and branching order of noncapillary microscopic blood vessels less
      than 100 microns diam were studied in human lungs obtained 7-30 h postmortem,
      using a silicone elastomer method that selectively filled pulmonary arterioles or
      venules. The lungs were inflated to 10 cmH2O pressure and a gradient of
      transmural vascular pressure of 0-17 cm H2O, from lobe base to apex, was
      established in the silicone-filled vascular system. Histological materials were
      obtained after airway fixation by formaldehyde solution and analyzed for vessel
      diameter in the branching order of 1, 2, and 3, with the smallest noncapillary
      vessel designated as order 1, in accord with the Strahler system. The change in
      vessel diameter within a branching order at different levels of transmural
      pressure is a derived measure of vascular elasticity expressed as compliance
      coefficient alpha, alpha Values are 0.128, 0.164, and 0.210 micron/cmH2O or
      0.682, 0.472, and 0.354%/cmH2O, respectively, of orders 1-3 for arterioles and
      0.187, 0.215, and 0.250 micron/cmH2O or 0.992, 0.612, and 0.424%/cmH2O,
      respectively, of orders 1-3 for venules. The percent is normalized with D0, which
      is the value of diameter (D) when the transmural pressure is zero. These data are
      compared with those for the cat where alpha = 0.274 for similar juxta-alveolar
      vessels.

PMID- 3372420
TI  - Mechanical coupling of upper and lower canine rib cages and its functional
      significance.
AB  - We studied rib cage distortability and reexamined the mechanical action of the
      diaphragm and the rib cage muscles in six supine anesthetized dogs by measuring
      changes in upper rib cage cross-sectional area (Aurc) and changes in lower rib
      cage cross-sectional area (Alrc) and the respective pressures acting on them.
      During quiet breathing in the intact animal the rib cage behaved as a unit (Aurc:
      14.6 +/- 7.9 vs. Alrc: 15.1 +/- 9.6%), whereas considerable distortions of the
      rib cage occurred during breathing after bilateral phrenicotomy (Aurc: 21.0 +/-
      5.1 vs. Alrc: 7.0 +/- 4.8%). These distortions were even more pronounced during
      phrenic nerve stimulation and separate stimulation of the costal and crural parts
      of the diaphragm (e.g., phrenic nerve stimulation; Aurc: -7.1 +/- 5.1 vs. Alrc:
      6.9 +/- 3.5%). During the latter maneuvers the upper rib cage deflated along the
      relationship between upper rib cage dimensions and pleural pressure obtained
      during passive deflation, whereas the lower rib cage inflated close to the
      relationship between lower rib cage dimensions and abdominal pressure obtained
      during passive inflation. The latter relationship is expected to differ between
      costal and crural stimulation, since costal action has both an appositional and
      insertional component and crural action only has an appositional component. The
      difference between costal and crural stimulation, however, was relatively small,
      and the slopes were only slightly steeper for the costal than for the crural
      stimulation (2.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372421
TI  - Baroreflex participation in redistribution of cardiac output at onset of
      exercise.
AB  - The distribution of cardiac output and systemic vascular conductance was measured
      in five rabbits. Cardiac output was measured by ascending aortic flowmetry and
      was partitioned according to the distribution of 15-micron radiolabeled
      microspheres injected into the left atrium. The rabbits were studied under four
      conditions: at rest and after 20 s of treadmill exercise, both before and
      approximately 5 min after acute barodenervation of the conscious animal. During
      exercise in the baroinnervated state, approximately 40% of the increased blood
      flow to skeletal and cardiac muscle was contributed by diversion from the
      splanchnic organs, kidneys, systemic arteriovenous anastomoses, and skin. This
      diversion of blood flow during exercise was absent after arterial
      barodenervation. We conclude that at the onset of exercise in rabbits the
      mismatch between cardiac output and the metabolic demands of skeletal and cardiac
      muscle is accommodated by vasoconstriction in other vascular beds. We suggest
      that the vasoconstriction in the splanchnic organs and skin may be caused by
      transient suppression of the reflex effects of arterial baroreceptor input at the
      onset of exercise.

PMID- 3372422
TI  - Gravitational independence of single-breath washout tests in recumbent dogs.
AB  - To examine the mechanisms of lung filling and emptying, Ar-bolus and N2 single
      breath washout tests were conducted in 10 anesthetized dogs (prone and supine)
      and in three of those dogs with body rotation. Transpulmonary pressure was
      measured simultaneously, allowing identification of the lung volume above
      residual volume at which there was an inflection point in the pressure-volume
      curve (VIP). Although phase IV for Ar was upward, phase IV for N2 was small and
      variable, especially in the prone position. No significant prone to supine
      differences in closing capacity for Ar were seen, indicating that airway closure
      was generated at the same lung volumes. The maximum deflections of phase IV for
      Ar and N2 from extrapolated phase III slopes were smaller in the prone position,
      suggesting more uniform tracer gas concentrations across the lungs. VIP was
      smaller than the closing volume for Ar, which is consistent with the effects of
      well-developed collateral ventilation in dogs. Body rotation tests in three dogs
      did not generally cause an inversion of phase III or IV. We conclude that in
      recumbent dogs regional distribution of ventilation is not primarily determined
      by the effect of gravity, but by lung, thorax, and mediastinum interactions
      and/or differences in regional mechanical properties of the lungs.

PMID- 3372423
TI  - Muscle blood flow is not reduced in humans during moderate exercise and heat
      stress.
AB  - The effect of heat stress on circulation in an exercising leg was determined
      using one-legged knee extension and two-legged bicycle exercise, both seated and
      upright. Subjects exercised for three successive 25-min periods wearing a water
      perfused suit: control [CT, mean skin temperature (Tsk) = 35 degrees C], hot (H,
      Tsk = 38 degrees C), and cold (C, Tsk = 31 degrees C). During the heating period,
      esophageal temperature increased to a maximum of 37.91, 39.35, and 39.05 degrees
      C in the three types of exercise, respectively. There were no significant changes
      in pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) throughout the entire exercise period with either
      one or two legs. Leg blood flow (LBF), measured in the femoral vein of one leg by
      thermodilution, remained unchanged between CT, H, and C periods. Venous plasma
      lactate concentration gradually declined over time, and no trend for an increased
      lactate release during the heating period was found. Similarly, femoral
      arteriovenous O2 difference and leg VO2 remained unchanged between the three
      exercise periods. Although cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing) was not
      significantly higher during H, there was a tendency for an increase of 1 and 2
      l/min in one- and two-legged exercise, respectively, which could account for part
      of the increase in total skin blood flow during heating (gauged by changes in
      forearm blood flow). Because LBF was not reduced during exercise and heat stress
      in these experiments, the additional increase in skin blood flow must have been
      met by redistribution of blood away from vascular beds other than active skeletal
      muscle.

PMID- 3372424
TI  - Carotid body excision significantly changes ventilatory control in awake rats.
AB  - We determined the effects of carotid body excision (CBX) on eupneic ventilation
      and the ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, hyperoxia, and chronic hypoxia in
      unanesthetized rats. Arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) and calculated minute alveolar
      ventilation to minute metabolic CO2 production (VA/VCO2) ratio were used to
      determine the ventilatory responses. The effects of CBX and sham operation were
      compared with intact controls (PaCO2 = 40.0 +/- 0.1 Torr, mean +/- 95% confidence
      limits, and VA/VCO2 = 21.6 +/- 0.1). CBX rats showed 1) chronic hypoventilation
      with respiratory acidosis, which was maintained for at least 75 days after
      surgery (PaCO2 = 48.4 +/- 1.1 Torr and VA/VCO2 = 17.9 +/- 0.4), 2)
      hyperventilation in response to acute hyperoxia vs. hypoventilation in intact
      rats, 3) an attenuated increase in VA/VCO2 in acute hypoxemia (arterial PO2
      approximately equal to 49 Torr), which was 31% of the 8.7 +/- 0.3 increase in
      VA/VCO2 observed in control rats, 4) no ventilatory acclimatization between 1 and
      24 h hypoxia, whereas intact rats had a further 7.5 +/- 1.5 increase in VA/VCO2,
      5) a decreased PaCO2 upon acute restoration of normoxia after 24 h hypoxia in
      contrast to an increased PaCO2 in controls. We conclude that in rats carotid body
      chemoreceptors are essential to maintain normal eupneic ventilation and to the
      process of ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia.

PMID- 3372425
TI  - Low-frequency diaphragmatic fatigue in spontaneously breathing humans.
AB  - We used transdiaphragmatic peak twitch tension (PTT) elicited by bilateral
      phrenic nerve stimulation to ascertain whether low-frequency (LF) diaphragmatic
      fatigue (DF) can be induced in spontaneously breathing humans by a combination of
      an inspiratory resistive load (IRL) and graded treadmill exercise (GXT). Our
      subjects were 10 young males with normal cardiopulmonary function. Before
      exercise we measured PTT in each subject by administering supramaximal electrical
      pulses of 100-microseconds duration at a frequency of 1 Hz to each phrenic nerve
      with the subjects breath holding at functional residual capacity at a given
      thoracoabdominal configuration. A minimum of six satisfactory PTT measurements
      were made in each subject, and we computed the 95% confidence limits (CL) for
      each subject. The subjects then inspired through a resistive load of 38 cmH2O.1(
      1).s-1 while carrying out the GXT until exhaustion. After the GXT, PTT was
      remeasured in all subjects. In five of the subjects, the post-GXT mean PTT fell
      below the 95% CL of the pre-GXT mean PTT. However, post-GXT PTT means for the
      other five subjects were within the 95% CL of the pre-GXT means. In conclusion,
      using PTT as a measure of LFDF, these results demonstrate that LFDF can be
      produced in 50% of spontaneously breathing young normal males.

PMID- 3372426
TI  - Bolus technique for assessing distribution of inspired gas during tidal
      breathing.
AB  - The washout of an insoluble tracer from the lung may be represented by a model
      with two ventilatory compartments representing poorly and better-ventilated
      regions. Using boli of a second insoluble gas delivered at a given point during
      inspirations of a multibreath washout test, the proportions of labeled inspired
      ventilation reaching the poorly and well-ventilated regions may be determined by
      analyzing the kinetics of the exhaled tracer. We studied eight normal subjects
      breathing through large-bore solenoid valves controlled to maintain tidal volume
      at 600 or 900 ml. Boli consisting of 15 ml of 80% He-20% O2 were delivered over
      75 ms; this labeled approximately 125 ml of inspired gas. Boli were delivered
      after 50 ml had been inspired to mark early inspiration and after 300 ml had been
      inspired to mark midinspiration. Using 900-ml tidal breaths, late inspiration was
      marked by boli delivered at 600 ml. Subjects were studied in the seated and the
      supine positions. In both positions, significantly more of the early breath went
      to the poorly ventilated compartment. Several possible physiological mechanisms,
      singly or in combination, could account for these observations, but differences
      in dead space path length are most likely involved.

PMID- 3372427
TI  - Subcellular changes in capillary endothelial cells during repair of hyperoxic
      lung injury.
AB  - We studied the changes in subcellular ultrastructure associated with the
      hypertrophy of capillary endothelial cells during repair of hyperoxic (100% O2)
      lung injury in rats. We used stereologic-morphometric measurements at different
      magnifications to determine the absolute volume of each subcellular compartment
      per average capillary endothelial cell. The increases in this value during the
      first 3 days of postexposure repair were 118% for cytoplasm, 786% for
      polyribosomes, 310% for rough endoplasmic reticulum, and 79% for mitochondria;
      the volume of pinocytotic vesicles did not change. By day 7 of repair, only the
      polyribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum were still increased; by day 14 all
      values were normal. We conclude that the capillary endothelial cell hypertrophy
      that develops during repair of hyperoxic lung injury is associated with large and
      heterogeneous increases in subcellular organelles and is not merely due to
      increases in the cytosol or to cellular edema. These increases seem to be an
      integral part of the repair process and may be important in the development of
      tolerance to subsequent oxygen exposure.

PMID- 3372428
TI  - Meclofenamate enhances blood oxygenation in acute oleic acid lung injury.
AB  - To assess the role of vasoactive prostanoids in acute lung injury, we studied 16
      dogs after intravenous injection of oleic acid (OA; 0.08 ml/kg). Animals were
      ventilated with 100% O2 and zero end-expiratory pressure. Base-line hemodynamic
      and blood gas observations were obtained 90-120 min following OA. Observations
      were repeated 30 min after infusion of meclofenamate (2 mg/kg; n = 10), or after
      saline (n = 6). Resistance to pulmonary blood flow was assessed using the
      difference between pulmonary arterial diastolic and left atrial pressures (PDG).
      Ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distributions were derived with the multiple inert
      gas technique. Prior to infusion, there were no significant differences between
      the two groups. PDG was elevated mildly above normal levels, and shunt flow was
      the principal gas exchange disturbance. Saline induced no significant changes in
      hemodynamics or gas exchange. Meclofenamate enhanced PDG to a small, significant
      degree and effected a 32% reduction in shunt flow (P less than 0.01). Perfusion
      was redistributed to normal VA/Q units with little change in low VA/Q perfusion
      or in overall flow. Arterial PO2 rose from 75 +/- 36 to 184 +/- 143 Torr (P less
      than 0.05). At autopsy, there were no significant differences in wet to dry lung
      weights. Prostaglandin inhibition redistributes perfusion from shunt to normal
      VA/Q units, thereby improving arterial PO2, without altering lung water acutely.

PMID- 3372429
TI  - Thermoregulatory model for immersion of humans in cold water.
AB  - The mathematical models of thermoregulation of Stolwijk and Hardy, and Montgomery
      were used to develop a model suitable for the simulation of human physiological
      responses to cold-water immersion. Data were obtained from experiments where 13
      healthy male volunteers were totally immersed under resting and nude conditions
      for 1 h in water temperatures of 20 and 28 degrees C. At these temperatures, the
      mean measured rectal temperature (Tre) fell by approximately 0.9 and 0.5 degrees
      C, respectively, yet mean measured metabolic rate (M) rose by approximately 275
      and 90 W for the low body fat group (n = 7) and 195 and 45 W for the moderate
      body fat group (n = 6). To predict the observed Tre and M values, the present
      model 1) included thermal inputs for shivering from the skin independent of their
      inclusion with the central temperature to account for the observed initial rapid
      rise in M, 2) determined a thermally neutral body temperature profile such that
      the measured and predicted initial values of Tre and M were matched, 3) confined
      the initial shivering to the trunk region to avoid an overly large predicted
      initial rate of rectal cooling, and 4) calculated the steady-state convective
      heat loss by assuming a zero heat storage in the skin compartment to circumvent
      the acute sensitivity to the small skin-water temperature difference when using
      conventional methods. The last three modifications are unique to thermoregulatory
      modeling.

PMID- 3372430
TI  - Effects of spinal anesthesia on response to main pulmonary arterial distension.
AB  - Nonocclusive main pulmonary arterial distension produces peripheral pulmonary
      hypertension. The mechanism of this response is unknown. The effects of total
      spinal anesthesia on the response were studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs.
      Before total spinal anesthesia, main pulmonary arterial balloon inflation
      increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance without affecting systemic
      hemodynamic variables. Both right and left pulmonary arterial pressures were
      monitored to exclude unilateral obstruction with main pulmonary arterial balloon
      inflation. Total spinal anesthesia decreased cardiac output and systemic arterial
      pressures. After total spinal anesthesia, main pulmonary arterial distension
      still increased pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. Right atrial pacing,
      discontinuation of halothane anesthesia, and norepinephrine infusion during total
      spinal anesthesia partially reversed the hemodynamic changes caused by total
      spinal anesthesia. The percent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance due to
      main pulmonary arterial distension was similar before total spinal anesthesia and
      during all experimental conditions during total spinal anesthesia. The pulmonary
      hypertensive response is therefore not dependent on central synaptic connections.

PMID- 3372431
TI  - Reductions in blood pressure after acute exercise by hypertensive rats.
AB  - Postexercise reductions in blood pressure at rest have been reported for
      hypertensive subjects. To determine whether post-exercise hypotension would occur
      in spontaneously hypertensive rats and to test the hypothesis that any reductions
      would result because of decreases in regional vascular resistances, hypertensive
      rats (n = 19) were instrumented with indwelling arterial catheters and Doppler
      probes to measure regional blood flows from the iliac, superior mesenteric, and
      renal arteries. Data were collected from animals who performed a 20- and a 40-min
      treadmill test at between 60 and 70% of their maximum O2 uptake. When the animals
      ran for 20 min, there was a pre- to postexercise drop in mean arterial pressure
      (MAP) from 158 +/- 3.6 to 150 +/- 3.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05), which was recorded
      30 min after the exercise had ceased. The pre- to postexercise reduction in MAP
      after 40 min of treadmill running was from 154 +/- 3.1 to 138 +/- 3.0 mmHg (P
      less than 0.05) as recorded 30 min postexercise. Postexercise heart rate was
      significantly lower after the 40-min exercise bout, from a preexercise mean of
      351 +/- 3 beats/min to 324 +/- 5 beats/min 30 min after the treadmill had
      stopped. Surprisingly, marked pre- to postexercise reductions in regional
      vascular resistance were not observed in either the iliac, superior mesenteric,
      or renal vascular beds. These data demonstrated the existence of postexercise
      hypotension in genetic hypertensive rats and suggested that reductions in cardiac
      output were the primary hemodynamic mechanism for this finding.

PMID- 3372432
TI  - Effect of beta-blockade on the drift in O2 consumption during prolonged exercise.
AB  - The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on the drift in O2 consumption (VO2 drift)
      typically observed during prolonged constant-rate exercise was studied in 14
      healthy males in moderate heat at 40% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max). After
      an initial maximum cycle ergometer test to determine the subjects' control
      VO2max, subjects were administered each of three medications: placebo, atenolol
      (100 mg once daily), and propranolol (80 mg twice daily), in a randomized double
      blind fashion. Each medication period was 5 days in length and was followed by a
      4-day washout period. On the 3rd day of each medication period, subjects
      performed a maximal cycle ergometer test. On the final day of each medication
      period, subjects exercised at 40% of their control VO2max for 90 min on a cycle
      ergometer in a warm (31.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C) moderately humid (44.7 +/- 4.7%)
      environment. beta-Blockade caused significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in
      VO2max, maximal minute ventilation (VEmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and
      maximal exercise time. Significantly greater decreases in VO2max, VEmax, and
      HRmax were associated with the propranolol compared with the atenolol treatment.
      During the 90-min submaximal rides, beta-blockade significantly reduced heart
      rate. Substantially lower values for O2 consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation
      (VE) were observed with propranolol compared with atenolol or placebo.
      Furthermore, VO2 drift and HR drift were observed under atenolol and placebo
      conditions but not with propranolol. Respiratory exchange ratio decreased
      significantly over time during the placebo and atenolol trials but did not change
      during the propranolol trial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372433
TI  - Reflex constriction of human limb resistance vessels to head-down neck flexion.
AB  - The effect of head-down neck flexion on forearm and calf blood flow was
      determined in 10 healthy male subjects. The subject lay prone, with the neck
      slightly extended and the chin resting on a soft-padded support at the edge of
      the table. The chin support was then removed, and the subject maximally flexed
      and lowered the neck. This was followed by return to the initial position. Neck
      flexion caused a rapid decrease in blood flow in both forearm and calf; at 30 s
      this averaged 39 and 35%, respectively. The flow in both forearm and calf
      gradually recovered as the neck flexion was sustained and approached the control
      values at the end of 10 min. The blood flow at the ankle was unchanged,
      indicating that the decrease occurred in the skeletal muscles. The arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate were unchanged; thus the decrease in flow was due to
      vasoconstriction. The fact that the decrease was evident as soon as the head was
      lowered indicated that it was nervously mediated. Neither contraction of the
      flexor muscles of the neck nor venous congestion of the head, in the absence of
      the head-down position, altered the blood flow. Although the mechanism of the
      decrease in flow has not been determined, the studies demonstrate that in
      response to certain stimuli, the resistance vessels in the skeletal muscles of
      the forearm and calf undergo a similar nervously mediated vasoconstriction.

PMID- 3372434
TI  - Regional ventilation in excised lobes exposed to a transpulmonary pressure
      gradient.
AB  - We performed the quasi-static single-breath oxygen test (SBO2) in 16 excised
      canine lower lung lobes while the lobes were first suspended in air and then
      later immersed in stable foams that provided a vertical transpulmonary pressure
      gradient. In lobes suspended in air, an approximately linear alveolar plateau
      (AP) was obtained. The AP during foam immersion was markedly curvilinear, with
      phase IV seen at end expiration. The observed AP during foam immersion could be
      predicted by a mathematical model that assumed a homogeneous transpulmonary
      pressure-regional volume relationship equal to the overall pressure-volume (PV)
      relationship measured with the lobe suspended in air. The accuracy of this model
      was further confirmed by measuring the washout of nitrogen injected into
      different lung regions through alveolar capsules. We also used the model to
      examine the relationship between the onset of dependent airway closure and two of
      its proposed indicators: the onset of phase IV and the inflection point of the
      overall PV relationship. In most lobes, the lung volume at the onset of phase IV
      was less than the modeled lung volume at dependent airway closure. The lung
      volume at the inflection point was always less than the modeled lung volume at
      dependent airway closure. We show that the overall PV relationship measured in
      lobes suspended in air provides an accurate estimate of regional PV relationships
      during foam immersion.

PMID- 3372435
TI  - Maximum O2 uptake, O2 debt and deficit, and muscle metabolites in Thoroughbred
      horses.
AB  - This study determined maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), maximal O2 deficit, and O2 debt
      in the Thoroughbred racehorse exercising on an inclined treadmill. In eight
      horses the O2 uptake (VO2) vs. speed relationship was linear until 10 m/s and
      VO2max values ranged from 131 to 153 ml.kg-1.min-1. Six of these horses then
      exercised at 120% of their VO2max until exhaustion. VO2, CO2 production (VCO2),
      and plasma lactate (La) were measured before and during exercise and through 60
      min of recovery. Muscle biopsies were collected before and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5,
      2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60 min after exercise. Muscle concentrations of
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PC), La, glucose 6-phosphate (G
      6-P), and creatine were determined, and pH was measured. The O2 deficit was 128
      +/- 32 (SD) ml/kg (64 +/- 13 liters). The O2 debt was 324 +/- 62 ml/kg (159 +/-
      37 liters), approximately two to three times comparative values for human beings.
      Muscle [ATP] was unchanged, but [PC] was lower (P less than 0.01) than
      preexercise values at less than or equal to 10 min of recovery. [PC] and VO2 were
      negatively correlated during both the fast and slow phases of VO2 during
      recovery. Muscle [La] and [G-6-P] were elevated for 10 min postexercise. Mean
      muscle pH decreased from 7.05 (preexercise) to 6.75 at 1.5 min recovery, and the
      mean peak plasma La value was 34.5 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372436
TI  - Upper airway pressure-flow relationships in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - We examined the pressure-flow relationships in patients with obstructive sleep
      apnea utilizing the concepts of a Starling resistor. In six patients with
      obstructive sleep apnea, we applied incremental levels of positive pressure
      through a nasal mask during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. A positive critical
      opening pressure (Pcrit) of 3.3 +/- 3.3 (SD) cmH2O was demonstrated. As nasal
      pressure was raised above Pcrit, inspiratory airflow increased in proportion to
      the level of positive pressure applied until apneas were abolished (P less than
      0.01). However, at pressures greater than Pcrit, esophageal pressures either did
      not correlate or correlated inversely with inspiratory airflow provided that
      esophageal pressure was less than Pcrit. When pressure was applied to a full face
      mask, inspiratory airflow did not occur and Pcrit could not be obtained at
      pressures well above Pcrit demonstrated with the nasal mask. These results are
      consistent with the view that the upper airway functions as a Starling resistor
      with a collapsible segment in the oropharynx. These findings offer a unifying
      construct for the association of sleep apnea, periodic hypopnea, and snoring.

PMID- 3372437
TI  - Quantitative analysis of hemoglobin oxygenation state of rat brain in situ by
      near-infrared spectrophotometry.
AB  - The light in the near-infrared region (700-900 nm) was illuminated on the rat
      head, and absorption spectra were measured with the transmitted light under
      various conditions. The absorbance changes less than 780 nm were attributable to
      hemoglobin in the brain tissue, whereas those greater than 780 nm were associated
      with both hemoglobin and cytochrome oxidase. The changes of oxy- and total (oxy-
      plus deoxy-) hemoglobin content in the rat head could be monitored quantitatively
      by expressions of delta A700--1.20 delta A730 and delta A700--1.52 delta A730,
      respectively. The oxyhemoglobin content in the tissue was decreased as the O2
      tension in inspired gas was lowered. At 10% O2 approximately 50% of hemoglobin
      was deoxygenated. The total hemoglobin content was increased under anoxic
      conditions. Inhalation of 5% CO2 and intravenous injection of a Ca2+ blocker
      nicardipine increased the O2 saturation of hemoglobin in the brain. These
      conclusions were confirmed by measuring the difference absorption spectra in the
      near-infrared region.

PMID- 3372439
TI  - Human respiratory input impedance from 4 to 200 Hz: physiological and modeling
      considerations.
AB  - Recent studies on respiratory impedance (Zrs) have predicted that at frequencies
      greater than 64 Hz a second resonance will occur. Furthermore, if one intends to
      fit a model more complicated than the simple series combination of a resistance,
      inertance, and compliance to Zrs data, the only way to ensure statistically
      reliable parameter estimates is to include data surrounding this second
      resonance. An additional question, however, is whether the resulting parameters
      are physiologically meaningful. We obtained input impedance data from eight
      healthy adult humans using discrete frequency forced oscillations from 4 to 200
      Hz. Three resonant frequencies were seen: 8 +/- 2, 151 +/- 10, and 182 +/- 16 Hz.
      A seven-parameter lumped element model provided an excellent fit to the data in
      all subjects. This model consists of an airway resistance (Raw), which is
      linearly dependent on frequency, and airway inertance separated from a tissue
      resistance, inertance, and compliance by a shunt compliance (Cg) thought to
      represent gas compressibility. Model estimates of Raw and Cg were compared with
      those suggested by measurement of Raw and thoracic gas volume using a
      plethysmograph. In all subjects the model Raw and Cg were significantly lower
      than and not correlated with the corresponding plethysmographic measurement. We
      hypothesize that the statistically reliable but physiologically inconsistent
      parameters are a consequence of the distorting influence of airway wall
      compliance and/or airway quarter-wave resonance. Such factors are not inherent to
      the seven-parameter model.

PMID- 3372438
TI  - Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and muscular factors related to exercise after
      precooling.
AB  - The effect of slightly lowered body temperature on endurance time and possibly
      related physiological factors was studied in seven male volunteers exercising on
      a cycle ergometer at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 18 degrees C. Work load was
      increased to 40% in a stepwise manner (phase I, min 0-16) followed by a period at
      80% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) sustained to exhaustion. On one day,
      exercise was preceded by a double cold exposure (precooling test, PRET),
      resulting in a 204-kJ/m2 negative heat storage and a 4 and 0.2 degrees C lower
      mean skin and core temperature at the start of exercise compared with the control
      test (CONT). Core temperature dropped further during exercise in PRET. Endurance
      time at 80% of peak VO2 was increased by 12% (P less than 0.05) in PRET. Heart
      rate (HR) was decreased throughout PRET (P less than 0.05); oxygen pulse and
      arteriovenous O2 difference were significantly increased in phase I of PRET,
      whereas the PRET-CONT differences in stroke volume and cardiac output were not
      significant. In phase II of PRET (min 16-28, heavy exercise) sweat rate (SR) and
      heat conductivity, indicating forearm blood flow, were lower (-39%, P less than
      0.001; -37%). Pedal rate (PR) was 9% lower (P less than 0.01) in phase II of
      PRET. At the termination of exercise, PRET-CONT differences in HR, SR, and PR had
      disappeared.

PMID- 3372440
TI  - Effects of lung congestion and oleic acid injury on the Hering-Breuer reflex.
AB  - Breathing and the Hering-Breuer (HB) reflex may be stimulated by congestion and
      by acute lung injury, but there is disagreement about the effects of both
      stimuli. This study evaluated these effects using greater stimulus isolation and
      control of secondary interactions than have previously been employed.
      Pressurization of lung vessels and left heart and oleic acid injury were
      individually imposed on anesthetized open-chest dogs perfused with an external
      pump and gas exchanger. Lungs were inflated in steps before and during those
      stimuli. The HB reflex was evaluated from graphs of breathing frequency (fr) vs.
      airway pressure. Congestion itself had no significant sustained effect on fr, but
      it slightly depressed the HB reflex. Oleic acid tachypnea that was depressed to
      pretreatment fr by inflation, implying enhancement of the HB response. Capsaicin
      and oleic acid had similar effects. Vagal cooling to 8 degrees C slightly
      depressed the effects of oleic acid and capsaicin, had no effect on the sustained
      fr response to congestion, and reversed the inhibitory effect of inflation. A
      stimulation of breathing or an enhancement of the HB reflex by congestion was not
      confirmed, but oleic acid increased fr and the HB reflex.

PMID- 3372441
TI  - Respiratory effects of cigarette smoke, dust, and histamine in newborn rabbits.
AB  - We studied the respiratory effects of cigarette smoke, 5% histamine aerosol, and
      dust in unanesthetized 1- to 7-day-old rabbits in a body plethysmograph.
      Cigarette smoke immediately provoked the animal's arousal and irregular
      breathing. Histamine and dust had no effect in some of the youngest animals. In
      others, 5-15 s from the onset of the exposure to either of the two stimuli,
      respiratory rate increased and the depth of breathing decreased. These changes
      were more pronounced with age. The fact that effects of dust and aerosol lessened
      with time of exposure showed adaptation to the stimuli. The age dependence of the
      reflex response was also observed after injection of 50 micrograms of histamine
      per kilogram into the external jugular vein in anesthetized (50 mg ketamine + 3
      mg acepromazine per kg) and tracheostomized rabbits during the 1st wk of life. In
      1-day-old animals, a short-lasting excitation was followed by apnea or a
      prolongation of expiratory phase. Peak amplitude of the diaphragmatic EMG (EMGdi)
      increased in all animals, but only in the youngest was the EMGdi increase
      paralleled by an increase in tidal volume. In vagotomized animals or animals
      pretreated with H1-blocker, histamine never affected timing parameters in animals
      greater than 1 day old. In the youngest animals, respiratory depression due to
      histamine was not abolished after vagotomy or promethazine. The results imply
      that inputs from the upper airways and the rapidly adapting pulmonary
      mechanoreceptors exert their effects on the pattern of breathing immediately
      after birth in rabbits. The importance of those inputs increases with maturation.

PMID- 3372442
TI  - Analysis of linear and mildly nonlinear relationships using pooled subject data.
AB  - The detection of mild nonlinearities and/or state-dependent variability in
      otherwise linear physiological relationships is generally difficult in the
      presence of significant measurement errors. Conventional approaches using pooled
      subject data to increase the degree of freedom for statistical inference are
      enervated by the resultant introduction of intersubject variability. This paper
      proposes a new, simple method of pooling multiple subject data for linearity
      analysis. With the use of a special standardization procedure for the individual
      response curves, this method allows sensitive detection of occult nonlinearities
      as well as any state-dependent variability in the underlying relationship.
      Application of this analytic approach to reported hypercapnic exercise-response
      data in eight healthy subjects showed that 1) the hypercapnic ventilation-CO2
      output relationship is nonlinear with a downward concavity; and 2) the
      ventilation-tidal volume relationship, which is linear at low tidal volume
      values, is similar in hypercapnic exercise as in resting hypercapnia or eucapnic
      exercise.

PMID- 3372443
TI  - Continuous measurement of protein osmotic pressure in blood and lymph of sheep.
AB  - We have continuously measured protein osmotic pressure of blood and lymph in
      sheep to compare two kinds of needle osmometers (rigid and flexible) with a
      membrane osmometer (Wescor). We also compared the averaged values of the
      continuous measurement with osmotic pressure calculated from total protein and
      albumin fraction, using the Yamada equation. The rigid-needle and membrane
      osmometers showed excellent correlation (y = 1.00x + 0.06; r greater than 0.99).
      The flexible-needle osmometer tended to overestimate osmotic pressure (avg 16%).
      We used the rigid-needle osmometer for continuous measurements of protein osmotic
      pressure of blood and lymph in anesthetized or unanesthetized sheep to observe
      changes in protein osmotic pressure of blood and lymph through the three
      different interventions. The relationship between the theoretical values (x) and
      the continuous measurements (y) of osmotic pressure was good (y = 0.99x + 0.16, r
      = 0.97), but after various interventions, the continuously measured protein
      osmotic pressure tended to exceed the calculated measurements. The continuous
      measurement should be monitored with spot samples measured in a stationary
      osmometer or by calculation of osmotic pressure from total protein concentration
      and albumin fraction.

PMID- 3372444
TI  - Lung microvascular pressure profile measured by micropuncture in anesthetized
      dogs.
AB  - We have micropunctured the lung in the open thorax of 17 anesthetized dogs to
      measure microvascular pressure. After intravenous pentobarbital sodium (25
      mg/kg), we exposed the left lung through a wide left thoracotomy, which required
      rib excision. Through a double-lumen endotracheal tube, we ventilated the right
      lung to maintain normal blood gases and pH while we held the left lung motionless
      at an inflation pressure of 5 cmH2O. To reduce motion on the surface of the left
      lower lobe, we resected the left upper lobe, placed a Plexiglas baffle between
      the lobe and the heart, and held the lobe surface in a suction ring. In
      accordance with procedures we have previously described, we micropunctured
      subpleural vessels to measure microvascular pressure. At base line when alveolar
      pressure exceeded left atrial pressure (zone 2 conditions), 21, 38, and 41% of
      the total pressure drop occurred, respectively, in the arterial, microvascular,
      and venous segments. When we raised left atrial pressure above alveolar pressure
      (zone 3 conditions), the corresponding pressure drops were 30, 55, and 20% of
      total. The blood flow in the superficial layer of the lung averaged 15% less than
      the flow in the deeper layers as measured by distribution of 99mTc-albumin
      macroaggregates. We conclude that the intact and the isolated lung preparations
      in dog exhibit similar distributions of subpleural microvascular pressure.

PMID- 3372445
TI  - Effect of cocaine on exercise endurance and glycogen use in rats.
AB  - To determine the effects of cocaine on exercise endurance, male rats were
      injected intraperitoneally with cocaine (20 mg/kg body wt) or saline and then run
      to exhaustion 20 min later at 22 m/min and 15% grade. Saline-injected animals ran
      74.9 +/- 16.5 (SD) min, whereas cocaine-treated rats ran only 29 +/- 11.6 min.
      The drug had no effect on resting blood glucose or lactate levels, nor did it
      affect resting glycogen levels in liver or red and white vastus muscle. However,
      it did reduce resting soleus glycogen content by 30%. During exercise liver and
      soleus glycogen depletion occurred at the same rate in saline- and cocaine
      treated animals. In contrast, the rate of glycogen depletion during exercise in
      red and white vastus was markedly increased in cocaine-treated rats with a
      corresponding elevation in blood lactate (12 vs. only 5 mM in saline group) at
      exhaustion. These data suggest that cocaine administration (20 mg/kg) before
      submaximal exercise dramatically alters glycogen metabolism during exercise, and
      this effect has a negative impact on exercise endurance.

PMID- 3372446
TI  - Species specificity of iron delivery in hybridomas.
AB  - Studies with Human X Human (H X H), Human X Mouse (H X M), and Mouse X Mouse (M X
      M) hybridomas have enabled us to define specific factors that affect hybridoma
      growth in a species-specific manner. Three transferrins and three lipophilic iron
      chelates have been tested for their ability to support hybridoma proliferation
      and antibody production. The results of these studies demonstrate that H X H
      hybridomas do not respond to bovine transferrin a+ concentrations up to 100
      micrograms/ml and are approximately 100-fold less responsive to mouse transferrin
      than to human transferrin. H X M and M X M hybridomas respond equally to human or
      mouse transferrin but are 100-fold less sensitive to bovine transferrin. An
      antibody to the human transferrin receptor inhibited the growth-promoting
      activity of human or mouse transferrin on H X H hybridomas but was ineffective on
      H X M hybridomas. This demonstrated the functionality of the human transferrin
      receptor in H X H hybridomas and that human, mouse, and bovine transferrin were
      interacting through the mouse transferrin receptor in H X M hybridomas. H X H and
      H X M hybridomas respond similarly to three different iron chelates exhibiting 80
      to 110% of the growth response to human transferrin. M X M hybridomas fail to
      respond to the iron chelates at similar concentrations, suggesting that the human
      genome present in the other hybridoma species confers a unique ability for
      utilizing iron when delivered in this form.

PMID- 3372448
TI  - Electron microscopic comparative studies of phagocytic processes between outer
      segments and latex microspheres in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial
      cells.
AB  - The process of phagocytosis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)
      cells was observed after more than 2 h of incubation with human outer segments
      and latex microspheres. Fingerlike microvilli were attached to outer segments and
      entwined around both its ends. The microvilli enveloped the outer segment and cut
      into the membranous structure, and the same process as that seen in in vivo
      shedding was observed. The looplike disk membranes and the whole of the outer
      segment were ingested into the cytoplasm and degraded by the lysosome. Latex
      microspheres were also ingested into the cytoplasm so as to be enveloped in many
      fingerlike microvilli. Microfilaments were concentrated in the vicinity of latex
      microspheres and outer segments, and latex microspheres were placed between two
      microtubules. Furthermore, when latex microspheres and outer segments were
      ingested into the cytoplasm, the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
      contained materials of high electron density and attached ribosomes increased.
      The rER of the cultured human RPE cells seemed to show a high level of protein
      synthesis during the phagocytic process. It was observed that cytoskeletons, such
      as microfilaments and microtubules, and lysosomes had important functions in the
      phagocytic process, and that there were basically no differences among the
      objects phagocytized by the cultured RPE cells.

PMID- 3372449
TI  - PC12 cells grown on cellulosic filters differentiate in response to NGF and
      exhibit a polarity not seen when they are grown on solid substrata.
AB  - Studies were performed with cellulosic filters and standard culture plates to
      compare methods of cell culture and differentiation of the cell line PC12, a
      clone originating from a rat pheochromocytoma. PC12 cells respond to nerve growth
      factor (NGF) by flattening of the cell body and subsequent extension of neurite
      like processes. When PC12 cells are cultured in dishes without NGF, they have a
      diameter of approximately 3 to 7 micron and exhibit short processes of no longer
      than 3 to 5 micron. If PC12 cells are grown on a cellulosic filter they have the
      same average soma diameter and similar short processes extending laterally, but
      in addition have branching processes which extend as far as 10 to 15 micron into
      the filter substrate. When dish-cultured and filter-cultured cells are incubated
      with 50 ng/ml NGF they both exhibit differentiation-specific ultrastructural
      changes by 3 d of treatment. In the case of dish-cultured cells, large
      cytoplasmic processes exhibit an increase in the number of chromaffin cell-like
      secretory granules by 3 d of treatment. This characteristic is also demonstrated
      by filter-cultured cells, but the processes containing these granules are found
      concentrated within the cellulosic meshwork. Thus the timing of the NGF-elicited
      differentiation program is similar to both filter-cultured and dish-cultured
      cells, but the ultrastructural consequences are different. The filter-cultured
      PC12 cells exhibit a polarity not demonstrated by dish-cultured cells. Growing
      PC12 cells on cellulosic filters is a technique useful for "anchoring" neurons
      without the complication of the addition of extracellular matrix components.
      Filter-culture may represent a more in vivo-like method for studying neuronal
      growth and differentiation.

PMID- 3372447
TI  - A biphasic chamber system for maintaining polarity of differentiation of cultured
      respiratory tract epithelial cells.
AB  - A simple, disposable, biphasic cultivation chamber has been developed for
      respiratory tract epithelial cells. This chamber, the Whitcutt chamber, contains
      a movable, transparent, permeable gelatin membrane that can be employed either
      submerged in the culture medium, thereby feeding the cells by the traditional
      immersion method, or raised to the surface of the culture medium, to bring the
      apical surfaces of the cells into contact with air and provide nutrients only
      from below (basal feeding). The effects of biphasic cultivation on the growth and
      differentiation of respiratory tract epithelial cells from different sources have
      been studied in Whitcutt chambers. Primary hamster tracheal epithelial (HTE)
      cells grown to confluence with basal feeding developed a ciliated columnar
      morphology, with differentiated features (cilia and mucous granules) located in
      the apical region of the epithelial layer. These cells secreted mucinlike
      molecules from the apical surface (i.e. the surface in contact with air).
      Although the apical localization of differentiation features was greater, mucous
      cell differentiation achieved by basal feeding was quantitatively not greater
      than that achieved by continuous immersion feeding. Similarly, basal feeding did
      not alter the degree of epithelial cell differentiation in cultures derived from
      rat, rabbit, and monkey tracheas or from human bronchial and nasal tissues. In
      contrast, the differentiation of guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in culture
      was significantly influenced by the feeding method employed. When fed basally,
      guinea pig tracheal epithelial cell cultures expressed various mucociliary
      functions with resemblance to mucociliary layers in vivo, whereas constantly
      immersed cultures seemed stratified and squamous. These results suggest that, at
      least for guinea pigs, the combination of feeding methods provided by the
      Whitcutt chamber can be used to achieve differentiated cultures of tracheal
      epithelial cells with a polarity of differentiation that is similar to that
      observed in intact airways in vivo.

PMID- 3372450
TI  - Characterization of extended primary and secondary cultures of hamster tracheal
      epithelial cells.
AB  - Studies on the regulation of differentiation in airway epithelial cells have been
      hampered by the lack of cell culture systems that differentiate in vitro. One
      such system that does exhibit differentiation is hamster tracheal epithelial
      cells (HTE). A major problem with this system, however, is that at the time cells
      differentiate, they lyze the collagen gel upon which they grow, resulting in
      termination of the culture. Here we report that by growing the HTE cells at 32
      degrees instead of 37 degrees C we can totally prevent lysis of the collagen gel.
      Cells grown at this lower temperature maintain their differentiated phenotype as
      evidenced by abundant mucus granules and the secretion of authentic mucus
      glycoproteins into the culture media. We have also developed a method for
      subculturing the primary cells which allows growth and differentiation in
      secondary culture. The HTE cells were capable of being passaged at least three
      times and did not become transformed as judged by their inability to grow in soft
      agar and to produce tumors in syngeneic animals. This improved HTE cell culture
      system will allow detailed studies on the mechanisms which regulate growth,
      differentiation, and mucus secretion in surface airway epithelial cells.

PMID- 3372451
TI  - Stabilization of fibroblast growth factors by a non-cytotoxic zwitterionic
      detergent, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHAPS).
AB  - The potential usefulness of a zwitterionic detergent, 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate (CHPAS), in the
      stabilization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) was examined.
      Among several detergents, CHAPS was found to be not only non-cytotoxic but also
      most useful in handling the diluted preparations of FGFs. The advantages are as
      follows: 1) at lower concentrations than 0.01% CHAPS did not affect growth factor
      activity of calf serum (CS) and the growth rate of BALB/c 3T3 cells. The primary
      culture of rat prostate epithelium and colony formation of NRK-49F cells were
      hardly influenced by CHAPS lower than 0.003%; 2) the loss of FGFs that usually
      occurs due to their adherence to the surface of storage containers was
      effectively prevented by inclusion of 0.1% CHAPS; 3) the recovery of FGFs after
      storage or dialysis was significantly enhanced by inclusion of 0.1% CHAPS; 4)
      CHAPS at lower concentrations than 0.1% does not interfere with amino acid
      analysis, except that Thr may be misled only when the ratio of protein/CHAPS is
      low; 5) amino acid sequence analysis was hardly disturbed by CHAPS up to 0.5%.
      These results indicate that CHAPS is useful as a stabilizing agent for various
      kinds of polypeptides capable of showing biological activity at a low
      concentration.

PMID- 3372453
TI  - Platelet size, number, and serotonin content in blood of autistic, childhood
      schizophrenic, and normal children.
AB  - Platelet volumes were measured in 19 autistic, 26 normal, and 6 schizophrenic
      children with similar blood serotonin concentrations. The groups did not
      significantly differ in platelet volumes, nor did platelet volumes and blood
      serotonin concentrations correlate. These results do not support the hypothesis
      that the hyperserotoninemia in some autistics reflects increased platelet volume.

PMID- 3372452
TI  - Cytoplasmic mediation of malignancy.
AB  - The relative roles of nucleus and cytoplasm in the induction and maintenance of
      the malignant state were studied. Cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) clones, derived
      from the fusion of cytoplasts from malignantly transformed cells to normal whole
      cells, produced tumors in 17% of the animals injected with them.
      Nuclear/cytoplasmic hybrid (reconstituted cell) clones, derived by fusion of
      cytoplasts from malignant cells with karyoplasts of normal cells, produced tumors
      in 97% of the animals injected. A unique aspect of this study is the fact that
      all of the cells utilized, both normal and malignantly transformed, were derived
      from an original cloned cell.

PMID- 3372455
TI  - Eleven possibly autistic parents.

PMID- 3372454
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetries, fourth ventricular size, and cerebellar morphology in
      autism.
AB  - Hemispheric asymmetries, fourth ventricular size, and cerebellar morphology were
      examined in 15 healthy men, aged 18 to 39 years, with documented childhood
      diagnoses of infantile autism, and in 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls
      using computerized transverse axial tomography (CT). Nine patients were of
      approximately average intelligence, 3 showed specific language impairments, and 3
      were mentally retarded. No significant group differences were seen in the
      distributions of frontal or posterior asymmetries of width or petalia. No subject
      showed evidence of cerebellar atrophy or an enlarged fourth ventricle. These
      results fail to support a hypothesis of unusual hemispheric asymmetry or
      macroscopic abnormalities of the posterior fossa in autism.

PMID- 3372456
TI  - Use of sulpiride in a case of atypical autism.

PMID- 3372457
TI  - Stoppage rules and genetic studies of autism.
AB  - Parents may respond in various ways to the birth of a seriously affected child.
      They may, for example, decide not to have any more children or to have one more
      child and then stop. These various responses are called "stoppage rules" in the
      genetic literature. Where stoppage rules are operative, the order in which
      affected and nonaffected children are born is disturbed in definite ways. The
      present paper shows that stoppage rules are at work in a recently reported data
      set consisting of 46 multiplex families of childhood autism and, as a
      consequence, that the segregation ratio was underestimated in the original
      report. The implications of these results for genetic studies of autism are then
      discussed.

PMID- 3372458
TI  - Cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive functioning in fragile X and non-fragile X
      retarded men.
AB  - The cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive functioning of 12 men with fragile X
      syndrome (aged 23 to 62 years) was systematically assessed and compared to two
      matched groups of retarded men without fragile X syndrome residing at the same
      institution. The fragile X group was largely indistinguishable from the
      comparison groups on the cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive measures. Fragile X
      patients were, however, significantly more likely to have achieved levels of
      adaptive functioning commensurate with their intellectual abilities. Fragile X
      subjects who had similarly affected siblings emerged as significantly higher
      functioning in all areas than Fragile X subjects who did not have affected
      siblings. These findings are discussed with respect to future research.

PMID- 3372459
TI  - Conductive hearing loss in autistic, learning-disabled, and normal children.
AB  - Katz (1978) has suggested that mild, fluctuating conductive hearing loss due to
      middle-ear anomalies may account for the language and attention problems of
      learning-disabled children. His position was extended here to include autism.
      Normal, learning-disabled, and autistic children received repeated impedance
      measures over 5 weeks. A repeated-measures ANOVA of central tendency and
      variability values led to the conclusions that (1) fluctuating, negative middle
      ear pressure greater than normal characterizes both autistic and learning
      disabled children, (2) the negative pressure is greater in autistic than in
      learning-disabled children, and (3) the condition is typically bilateral for
      autistic children.

PMID- 3372461
TI  - An evaluation of the Autism Behavior Checklist.
AB  - The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), an assessment instrument for autistic
      individuals, was evaluated in a group of 157 subjects, 94 clinically autistic and
      63 nonautistic. The two groups differed significantly in ratings of pathology.
      Both false positive and false negative diagnostic classifications were made when
      the results of the checklist were compared with clinical diagnosis. Effects of
      developmental level and age were observed. The ABC appears to have merit as a
      screening instrument, though results of the checklist alone cannot be taken as
      establishing a diagnosis of autism. Important issues of reliability and validity
      remain to be addressed.

PMID- 3372460
TI  - Peer versus adult models and autistic children's learning: acquisition,
      generalization, and maintenance.
AB  - This study compared the effectiveness of a peer model and an adult model in
      teaching an expressive language task to four autistic boys. A BCBC design,
      counterbalanced across subjects, was used. After training criterion was reached,
      generalization of responding to an extratherapy school setting and to the home
      was measured. Thirteen weekly maintenance probes were conducted after training in
      each condition. Results indicated that all children learned through observing the
      peer and adult models and that few consistent differences occurred across the two
      conditions. The degree of generalization and maintenance of responding was
      consistently high in both conditions. The relation of these data to the modeling
      literature on autistic children and implications for developing educational
      programs for autistic children are discussed.

PMID- 3372462
TI  - Identifying the variables maintaining self-injurious behavior.
AB  - Reliability and validity data are reported for an instrument designed to identify
      variables maintaining self-injurious behavior. The Motivation Assessment Scale
      (MAS) is a 16-item questionnaire that addresses the situational determinants of
      self-injurious behavior in persons with autism and other developmental disorders.
      The reliability study indicated that teachers of 50 developmentally disabled
      persons could agree on the variables presumably maintaining their student's self
      injury (interrater reliability), and that they would be in agreement again 30
      days later (test-retest reliability). The validity study indicated that teacher's
      ratings on the MAS of 8 subjects' self-injury predicted how their students would
      behave in analogue situations. Specifically, the MAS predicted the subjects' self
      injurious behavior in situations with decreased adult attention, with increased
      academic demands, with restricted access to tangibles, and in unstructured
      settings. The MAS is presented as an alternative or adjunct to more formal
      functional analyses in efforts to identify the variables controlling self
      injurious behavior.

PMID- 3372463
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in neuroradiology.

PMID- 3372464
TI  - Chemical shift imaging.

PMID- 3372465
TI  - [A technological introduction to clinical imaging].

PMID- 3372466
TI  - Contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3372467
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain].

PMID- 3372469
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of fibrillary brainstem astrocytoma.

PMID- 3372468
TI  - White matter diseases or leuko-araiosis of degenerative origin. MRI at 0.15
      Tesla.

PMID- 3372470
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord and of root lesions within the
      canal].

PMID- 3372471
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging of cervico-facial tumors].

PMID- 3372472
TI  - Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in two children with humoral
      immunodeficiencies.

PMID- 3372473
TI  - Systemic virulence of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 requires a functional iron
      assimilation system.
AB  - In Erwinia chrysanthemi, conditions of iron starvation initiate production of a
      catechol-type siderophore and enhance production of three outer membrane
      polypeptides. Twenty-two mutants affected in the different stages of this iron
      assimilation system were isolated by mini-Mu insertion mutagenesis. All of them
      failed to induce systemic soft rot on axenically grown Saintpaulia plants. From
      the siderophore auxotrophs and the iron uptake mutants, clones having recovered
      the missing function(s) were isolated by using the in vivo cloning vector pULB113
      (RP4::mini-Mu). An R-prime plasmid containing a ca. 35.5-kilobase-pair DNA insert
      was identified. Restoration of the iron functions restored partially, if not
      completely, the virulence of the parental strain.

PMID- 3372474
TI  - Surface properties of Streptococcus salivarius HB and nonfibrillar mutants:
      measurement of zeta potential and elemental composition with X-ray photoelectron
      spectroscopy.
AB  - To characterize the functional cell surface, the zeta potentials and elemental
      surface composition of Streptococcus salivarius HB and a range of mutants with
      known molecular surface structures were determined. Zeta potentials of fully
      hydrated cells were measured as a function of pH in dilute potassium phosphate
      solutions, yielding isoelectric points of the strains. Elemental composition (O,
      C, N, and P) of the outer 2 to 5 nm of the freeze-dried cell surfaces were
      measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An increasing loss of proteinaceous
      fibrillar surface antigens of the mutants was found to be accompanied by a
      progressive decrease in the N/C ratio from 0.104 in the parent strain HB to 0.053
      in mutant HBC12. Simultaneously, the value of the isoelectric point shifted from
      3.0 to 1.3. In a previous study (A.H. Weerkamp, H.C. van der Mei, and J. W. Slot,
      Infect. Immun. 55:438-455, 1987) on the cell surfaces of the same strains, it was
      shown that removal of fibrils led to increased exposure of (lipo)teichoic acid at
      the surface, which explains the low isoelectric point caused by the low pKa of
      the phosphate groups.

PMID- 3372475
TI  - Characterization of the pyrogallol-phloroglucinol isomerase of Eubacterium
      oxidoreducens.
AB  - Cell extracts of Eubacterium oxidoreducens, in the presence of dimethyl
      sulfoxide, catalyzed the conversion of pyrogallol to phloroglucinol with methyl
      sulfide as a product. The isomerization reaction also proceeded when 1,2,3,5
      benzenetetrol was present rather than dimethyl sulfoxide. An assay to quantitate
      this activity was developed. The assay followed the disappearance of 1,2,4
      benzenetriol as determined colorimetrically after incubation with sodium
      molybdate at neutral pH. The products of this reaction were resorcinol and 2,6
      dihydroxyquinone. The enzyme(s) catalyzing this reaction was purified fivefold
      from cells grown on gallate plus H2. The purification procedure involved
      treatment with 40% acetone, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose
      chromatography, concentration by ultrafiltration (molecular weight cutoff,
      greater than 100,000), and hydroxylapatite chromatography. This preparation had a
      specific activity of 14.7 mumol/min per mg of protein and a pH optimum of about
      7.3. It was strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The mechanism of the
      reaction involved oxidation of the pyrogallol followed by introduction of water.
      The benzenetetrol intermediate was then reduced and dehydrated to phloroglucinol.

PMID- 3372476
TI  - Denitrification by a soil bacterium with phthalate and other aromatic compounds
      as substrates.
AB  - A soil bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. strain P136, was isolated by selective
      enrichment for anaerobic utilization of o-phthalate through nitrate respiration.
      o-Phthalate, m-phthalate, p-phthalate, benzoate, cyclohex-1-ene-carboxylate, and
      cyclohex-3-ene-carboxylate were utilized by this strain under both aerobic and
      anaerobic conditions. m-Hydroxybenzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate were utilized only
      under anaerobic conditions. Protocatechuate and catechol were neither utilized
      nor detected as metabolic intermediates during the metabolism of these aromatic
      compounds under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Cells grown anaerobically
      on one of these aromatic compounds also utilized all other aromatic compounds as
      substrates for denitrification without a lag period. On the other hand, cells
      grown on succinate utilized aromatic compounds after a lag period. Anaerobic
      growth on these substrates was dependent on the presence of nitrate and
      accompanied by the production of molecular nitrogen. The reduction of nitrite to
      nitrous oxide and the reduction of nitrous oxide to molecular nitrogen were also
      supported by anaerobic utilization of these aromatic compounds in this strain.
      Aerobically grown cells showed a lag period in denitrification with all
      substrates tested. Cells grown anaerobically on aromatic compounds also consumed
      oxygen. No lag period was observed for oxygen consumption during the transition
      period from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Cells grown aerobically on one of
      these aromatic compounds were also adapted to utilize other aromatic compounds as
      substrates for respiration. However, cells grown on succinate showed a lag period
      during respiration with aromatic compounds. Some other characteristic properties
      on metabolism and regulation of this strain are also discussed for their
      physiological aspects.

PMID- 3372477
TI  - Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and taxonomic implications of the flagellin gene of
      Roseburia cecicola.
AB  - The gene coding for the flagellin protein of Roseburia cecicola, an oxygen
      intolerant, gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium indigenous to the murine cecum,
      has been cloned and sequenced. NH2-terminal amino acid sequence data from the
      flagellin protein were used as a basis for the synthesis of two mixed-sequence
      deoxyoligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were used to identify and clone the
      flagellin structural gene. DNA sequence analysis of M13mp8 and mp9 subclones
      revealed a protein with a length of 293 amino acids and a molecular weight of
      31,370. Comparisons with the sequences of flagellins of other species revealed
      conserved regions and suggested that although R. cecicola has structural
      characteristics of a gram-negative bacterium, it may be most closely related to
      the gram-positive bacteria.

PMID- 3372478
TI  - Structure of an S layer on a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - Negative staining revealed a tetragonal surface array (S layer) on all the
      members of a serogroup of Aeromonas hydrophila which possess high virulence for
      fish. The S layers were similar on all the strains examined, with unit cell
      dimensions of approximately 12 nm. A single representative strain, strain TF7,
      was selected for further analysis. Freeze-cleaved and etched preparations and
      sections for electron microscopy showed that the S layer was the outermost
      component of the cell envelope. This was confirmed by observation of thin
      sections. Computer-generated enhancements of the negatively stained micrographs
      showed the subunit organization to a resolution of less than 4 nm. Two structural
      units of identical lattice constants alternated in the array in both axes, and
      one of them was apparently dominant as the center of mass. The lesser unit was
      rotated 20 degrees from the dominant axes of symmetry and was formed by the
      junction of linker projections from a corner of the four components of the
      dominant unit. This interpretation was supported by finding that the array
      consists of a single polypeptide (molecular weight, 52,000). The unit cell as
      defined showed p4 symmetry, and a = b = 12.2 nm.

PMID- 3372479
TI  - Isolation and biochemical characterization of the S-layer protein from a
      pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strain.
AB  - The regular surface protein array (S layer) present on Aeromonas hydrophila TF7
      is composed of a single species of protein of apparent molecular weight 52,000.
      This protein was extracted from whole cells by treatment with 0.2 M glycine
      hydrochloride (pH 3.0). The protein was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange
      chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino
      acid composition analysis showed that the protein contained 520 residues per
      molecule, 41% of which were hydrophobic. Cysteine was absent. A pI of 4.6 was
      determined for the protein, and only a single isoelectric form was detected. The
      purified protein displayed the hydrophobic characteristic of binding to octyl
      Sepharose gels, but the salt aggregation test showed that it did not confer
      hydrophobicity to the cell surface when present as an intact S layer. The
      molecule aggregated strongly in aqueous solution as determined by sedimentation
      equilibrium studies. Circular dichroism spectra showed that the S-layer protein
      was composed of a large amount of beta-sheet (approximately 44%), a limited
      amount of alpha-helix (19%), and 12% beta-turn, with the remainder of the
      molecule being aperiodic. No significant difference in secondary structure
      content was measured in the presence of the metal chelator EDTA. The N-terminal
      amino acid sequence was determined for the first 30 residues. No sequence
      homology with other S-layer proteins was found.

PMID- 3372480
TI  - A simplified methylcoenzyme M methylreductase assay with artificial electron
      donors and different preparations of component C from Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum delta H.
AB  - Different preparations of the methylreductase were tested in a simplified
      methylcoenzyme M methylreductase assay with artificial electron donors under a
      nitrogen atmosphere. ATP and Mg2+ stimulated the reaction. Tris(2,2'
      bipyridine)ruthenium (II), chromous chloride, chromous acetate, titanium III
      citrate, 2,8-diaminoacridine, formamidinesulfinic acid, cob(I)alamin (B12s), and
      dithiothreitol were tested as electron donors; the most effective donor was
      titanium III citrate. Methylreductase (component C) was prepared by 80% ammonium
      sulfate precipitation, 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, phenyl-Sepharose
      chromatography, Mono Q column chromatography, DEAE-cellulose column
      chromatography, or tetrahydromethanopterin affinity column chromatography.
      Methylreductase preparations which were able to catalyze methanogenesis in the
      simplified reaction mixture contained contaminating proteins. Homogeneous
      component C obtained from a tetrahydromethanopterin affinity column was not
      active in the simplified assay but was active in a methylreductase assay that
      contained additional protein components.

PMID- 3372482
TI  - A rapid population method for action spectra applied to Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - We have developed a simple and rapid technique for measuring the action spectra
      for phototaxis of populations of microorganisms and applied it to halobacteria. A
      microscope with a dark-field condenser was used to illuminate the cell suspension
      in a sealed chamber with light of wavelength greater than 750 nm; in this region
      of the spectrum, the halobacteria show no phototactic response. A 150-micron spot
      of light from a xenon arc lamp, whose wavelength and intensity can be varied, was
      projected through the objective lens into the center of the dark field. The
      objective lens imaged this measuring spot through a 780-nm cut-off filter on an
      aperture in front of a photomultiplier. The intensity of the scattered 750-nm
      light, and therefore the photomultiplier current, is proportional to the number
      of cells in the measuring spot. A third lamp provided background light of
      variable wavelength and intensity through the dark-field condenser. To minimize
      secondary effects due to large changes in cell density, we recorded the initial
      changes in the photomultiplier current over 1 min after the actinic light had
      been switched on. By plotting the rate of change against wavelength, we obtained
      action spectra after the proper corrections for changes in light intensity with
      wavelength were applied and saturation effects were avoided.

PMID- 3372481
TI  - Disappearance of plasmalogen-containing phospholipids in Megasphaera elsdenii.
AB  - The plasmalogen content of phospholipids isolated from Megasphaera elsdenii ATCC
      17752 decreased markedly in cultures passed serially at intervals of 3 to 6
      weeks. From the wild-type ratio of vinyl ether to lipid phosphorus of 0.8, clones
      were isolated with ratios less than 0.05. Clonal analysis, as well as the
      reproducibility of the phenomenon and the long time course, suggest that the loss
      of plasmalogens is an adaptive process. Although small variations in cell
      morphology and ratios of end products of fermentation were detected, plasmalogen
      rich and -deficient cells were virtually indistinguishable with respect to growth
      rates, range of fermentable carbohydrates, activities of selected enzymes, and
      electrophoretic patterns in both membrane and soluble proteins. Large decreases
      in saturated fatty acid production accompanied the decline of plasmalogens.

PMID- 3372484
TI  - Enrichment of the bacteriophage PR4 membrane in phosphatidylglycerol is not
      essential for phage assembly and infectivity.
AB  - The membrane phospholipids of bacteriophage PR4 grown on wild-type Escherichia
      coli are markedly enriched in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) relative to host
      phospholipids. To investigate the role of PG in phage assembly and infectivity,
      we propagated PR4 on an E. coli mutant defective in PG synthesis. The PG content
      of PR4 grown on the mutant host accounted for 0.4% of the total viral
      phospholipids, representing a 90-fold decrease in PG relative to the PG content
      of phage grown on a wild-type host. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic
      acid, the two major phospholipid species present in these phage preparations,
      accounted for 88.4 and 9.4% of the total viral phospholipids, respectively. This
      drastic alteration of the phage phospholipid composition had little or no adverse
      effect on either the stability or infectivity of the phage. We conclude that the
      enrichment of the PR4 virion in PG does not reflect an absolute structural
      requirement of the phage and is not essential for phage infectivity.

PMID- 3372486
TI  - Faces of dementia: current concepts.

PMID- 3372485
TI  - Nucleotide sequence and organization of copper resistance genes from Pseudomonas
      syringae pv. tomato.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of a 4.5-kilobase copper resistance determinant from
      Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato revealed four open reading frames (ORFs) in the
      same orientation. Deletion and site-specific mutational analyses indicated that
      the first two ORFs were essential for copper resistance; the last two ORFs were
      required for full resistance, but low-level resistance could be conferred in
      their absence. Five highly conserved, direct 24-base repeats were found near the
      beginning of the second ORF, and a similar, but less conserved, repeated region
      was found in the middle of the first ORF.

PMID- 3372483
TI  - Ethanol production by thermophilic bacteria: biochemical basis for ethanol and
      hydrogen tolerance in Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum.
AB  - The metabolic and enzymatic bases for growth tolerance to ethanol (4%) and H2 (2
      atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa]) fermentation products in Clostridium
      thermohydrosulfuricum were compared in a sensitive wild-type strain and an
      insensitive alcohol-adapted strain. In the wild-type strain, ethanol (4%) and H2
      (2 atm) inhibited glucose but not pyruvate fermentation parameters (growth and
      end product formation). Inhibition of glucose fermentation by ethanol (4%) in the
      wild-type strain was reversed by addition of acetone (1%), which lowered H2 and
      ethanol production while increasing isopropanol and acetate production. Pulsing
      cells grown in continuous culture on glucose with 5% ethanol or 1 atm of H2
      significantly raised the NADH/NAD ratio in the wild-type strain but not in the
      alcohol-adapted strain. Analysis of key oxidoreductases demonstrated that the
      alcohol-adapted strain lacked detectable levels of reduced ferredoxin-linked NAD
      reductase and NAD-linked alcohol dehydrogenase activities which were present in
      the wild-type strain. Differences in the glucose fermentation product ratios of
      the two strains were related to differences in lactate dehydrogenase and
      hydrogenase levels and sensitivity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity to NADH inhibition. A biochemical model is proposed which describes a
      common enzymatic mechanism for growth tolerance of thermoanaerobes to moderate
      concentrations of both ethanol and hydrogen.

PMID- 3372487
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies against rat T-kininogen: application to radioimmunoassay
      and immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to rat T-kininogen were produced and 9 hybridomas were
      selected. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed using 125I-labeled T-kininogen and
      cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (Zysorbin) for the separation of bound from
      free ligand, when IgG2a and IgG2b were used. In the case of IgG1 monoclonals, a
      second antibody (goat anti-mouse IgG) and Zysorbin were used. By this RIA, 1-16
      ng T-kininogen/tube showed a linear inhibition curve, and cross reactivities to
      rat purified LMW- and HMW-kininogens were less than 0.5%, respectively. These
      monoclonal antibodies were also used for the immunohistochemical staining of the
      liver to detect T-kininogen in hepatocytes. By using the RIA and
      immunohistochemical staining, the T-kininogen levels in rat plasma and liver
      following carrageenin-induced inflammation were estimated. At 3-5 h after the
      carrageenin injection, when the paw swelling was at its peak, the plasma level of
      T-kininogen and staining of the liver were slightly increased. T-Kininogen levels
      in plasma and liver peaked on the 2nd day, when the paw swelling had already
      decreased. The result indicates that the increase of T-kininogen level in the
      liver and plasma occurs with a time lag and T-kininogen is not directly involved
      in the increase of vascular permeability in carrageenin paw edema.

PMID- 3372488
TI  - DCCD-sensitive Na+-transport in the membrane vesicles of Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - The effects of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and various ionophores on
      light-induced 22Na+-transport were studied in right-side-out membrane vesicles
      from Halobacterium halobium R1M1. The light-induced Na+ efflux was inhibited at
      the same DCCD concentration (greater than 40 nmol/mg protein) as required for
      inhibition of the Na+-dependent membrane potential (delta phi) formation. This
      supports our previous indication that the DCCD-sensitive, Na+-dependent
      transformation of pH-gradient (delta pH) into delta phi is mediated by Na+/H+
      antiporter (Murakami, N. and Konishi, T. (1985) J. Biochem. 98, 897-907). FCCP or
      a combination of valinomycin and triphenyltin (TPT) inhibits the light-induced
      Na+ efflux in accordance with the notion of protonmotive force (delta mu H+)
      driven antiporter. However, a marked lag in initiation of the Na+ efflux occurred
      in the presence of valinomycin, TPMP+, or a small amount of FCCP, suggesting that
      a gating step is involved in the Na+ efflux. On the other hand, the delta pH
      dissipating ionophore TPT did not cause the lag. A simultaneous determination of
      delta phi, delta pH, and Na+ efflux rate at the initial stage of illumination
      revealed that the antiporter is gated by delta phi rather than delta mu H+.

PMID- 3372489
TI  - Purification and general properties of AMP deaminase from sheep brain.
AB  - AMP deaminase from sheep brain was purified to homogeneity on SDS-PAGE and its
      general properties were investigated. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of
      approximately 350,000 as estimated by gel filtration and it is composed of four
      identical subunits with a molecular weight of 85,000 each. The purified enzyme
      had a specific activity of 500 units/mg protein and shows a sigmoid-shaped AMP
      saturation curve in the presence of 100 mM KCl. This deaminase is strongly
      activated by ATP and inhibited by GTP. It slightly catalyzes the hydrolysis of
      adenosine monosulfate (AMS), dAMP, and adenosine phosphoramidate (APA). These
      catalytic properties resemble those of AMP deaminase from human liver.

PMID- 3372490
TI  - Purification and characterization of membrane-bound phospholipase A2 from rat
      platelets.
AB  - Phospholipase A2 was solubilized from rat platelet membrane by 1 M KCl and
      purified to near homogeneity on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and HPLC. The characteristics of the purified membrane-bound
      enzyme were compared with those of phospholipase A2 released from thrombin
      stimulated rat platelets (Horigome, K., Hayakawa, M., Inoue, K., & Nojima, S.
      (1987) J. Biochem. 101, 625-631). The molecular weights, elution profiles on
      reversed-phase HPLC, and NH2-terminal sequences were identical for the two
      enzymes. Other characteristics of the two enzymes, such as specific activity,
      substrate specificity, pH optimum, Ca2+ requirement, heat lability, and
      sensitivity to p-bromophenacyl bromide were also indistinguishable. These
      findings suggest that both enzymes share a common structure.

PMID- 3372491
TI  - Immobilized anhydrochymotrypsin as a biospecific affinity adsorbent for the
      peptides produced by chymotryptic hydrolysis.
AB  - Anhydrochymotrypsin immobilized on Sepharose specifically adsorbed various
      peptides containing L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, or L-phenylalanine residues at
      their carboxy-termini. These peptides correspond to the specific products of
      chymotryptic cleavage of polypeptides. A mixture of the chymotryptic peptides
      once adsorbed on the column could be effectively separated by eluting them with a
      pH gradient. This adsorbent, on the other hand, showed no substantial affinity
      toward the substrate-type peptides that contain the aromatic amino acid(s) within
      the peptide chain, or toward the C-terminal leucine peptides. By taking advantage
      of this unique property of anhydrochymotrypsin-Sepharose in combination with
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we have succeeded in
      separating the C-terminal peptides from chymotryptic digests of reduced and S
      carboxymethylated bovine insulin and from tryptic digests from reduced and S
      carboxymethylated Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor.

PMID- 3372492
TI  - Purification of rat kidney carboxylesterase and its comparison with other tissue
      esterases.
AB  - Carboxylesterase was purified from rat kidney in an electrophoretically
      homogeneous form by acetone precipitation, followed by successive
      chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite and then isoelectric
      focusing. The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolyses of monoacylglycerols and
      short-chain triacylglycerols, such as tributyrin, but not the hydrolysis of long
      chain triacylglycerol. Its optimum pH with methyl butyrate as a substrate was
      8.0. The relation of its activity to the methyl butyrate concentration differed
      from those for pancreatic lipase and liver esterase, and also from those for
      lipolytic enzymes from various other tissues. The relations of methyl butyrate
      hydrolyzing activity with methyl butyrate concentration were compared among
      various carboxylester hydrolyzing enzymes. Based on the results, these enzymes
      were classified into four classes.

PMID- 3372493
TI  - Effect of cholestanol feeding on sterol concentrations in the serum, liver, and
      cerebellum of mice.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism of xanthoma formation in cerebrotendinous
      xanthomatosis, mice were fed for 32 weeks with a diet rich in 5 alpha-cholestan-3
      beta-ol (cholestanol) (1%, w/w). The concentrations of sterols in the serum,
      liver, and cerebellum were determined using high performance liquid
      chromatography. In the cholestanol-fed mice, the cholestanol concentrations in
      the serum and liver reached maxima in the first 2 to 4 weeks; the levels were
      about 30- to 100-fold higher than in the control diet mice. The cholestanol
      concentrations declined thereafter, finally to 50-60% of the maxima. Cholesterol
      concentrations were slightly lower in the cholestanol-fed mice throughout the
      experiments than in the control diet mice. On the other hand, the levels of
      cholestanol in the cerebellum increased almost linearly in parallel to the
      feeding time, and no decline was observed. These results suggest that the
      capacity of the liver to remove or degrade cholestanol was increased by long-term
      intake of this compound, whereas the cerebellum had no such feed-back regulation.
      Histological examinations using an electron microscope revealed the enlargement
      of lysosomal granules in the liver of the cholestanol-fed mice.

PMID- 3372494
TI  - G-actin structure revealed by chymotryptic digestion.
AB  - The chymotryptic digestion of G-actin in the presence of calcium produces not
      only a C-terminal 33 kDa "core," spanning from residue 68 to the C-terminus, but
      also an N-terminal Cys-10-containing fragment (10 kDa fragment), spanning from
      the N-terminus to the 44th residue. The minimum calcium concentration required
      for producing just these two structures is 10(-7.5) M. In a Ca medium, the 10 kDa
      fragment remains attached to the 33 kDa core, and the 10 kDa fragment detaches
      when the divalent cation is removed from the complex, as was proved by Sephacryl
      S-200 gel filtration. We conclude that 10 and 33 kDa form a complex that is
      calcium-sensitive. The Cys-10 in the 10 kDa moiety of the complex reacts with 5
      iodoacetamide fluorescein in the presence of calcium ion, whereas Cys-257 is
      practically inert. The removal of calcium allows Cys-257 also to react with the
      reagent. Therefore, the complex seems to retain the calcium binding site. The
      nucleotide binding ability of the complex was also demonstrated.

PMID- 3372495
TI  - Respiration-dependent contraction of swollen heart mitochondria: participation of
      the K+/H+ antiporter.
AB  - Respiration-dependent contraction of heart mitochondria swollen passively in K+
      nitrate is activated by the ionophore A23187 and inhibited by Mg2+. Ion extrusion
      and osmotic contraction under these conditions are strongly inhibited by quinine,
      a known inhibitor of the mitochondrial K+/H+ antiporter, as measured in other
      systems. The inhibition by quinine is relieved by the exogenous antiporter
      nigericin. Respiration-dependent contraction is also inhibited by
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) when reacted under conditions known to inhibit
      K+/H+ antiport (Martin et al., J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2062-2065, 1984). These
      studies strongly support the concept that K+ is extruded from the matrix by the
      endogenous K+/H+ antiporter and that inhibition of this component by quinine or
      DCCD inhibits respiration-dependent contraction. The extrusion of K+ nitrate is
      accompanied by a respiration-dependent efflux of a considerable portion of the
      endogenous Mg2+. This Mg2+ efflux does not occur in the presence of nigericin or
      when the mitochondrial Na+/H+ antiporter is active. Mg2+ efflux may take place on
      the K+/H+ antiporter. DCCD, reacted under conditions that do not result in
      inhibition of the K+/H+ antiporter, blocks a monovalent cation uniport pathway.
      This uniport contributes to futile cation cycling at elevated pH, and its
      inhibition by DCCD stimulates respiration-dependent contraction.

PMID- 3372496
TI  - Sensitivity of mitochondrial Mg++ flux to reagents which affect K+ flux.
AB  - Effects on Mg++ transport in rat liver mitochondria of three reagents earlier
      shown to affect mitochondrial K+ transport have been examined. The sulfhydryl
      reactive reagent phenylarsine oxide, which activates K+ flux into respiring
      mitochondria, also stimulates Mg++ influx. The K+ analog Ba++, when taken up into
      the mitochondrial matrix, inhibits influx of both K+ and Mg++. The effect on Mg++
      influx is seen only if Mg++, which blocks Ba++ accumulation, is added after a
      preincubation with Ba++. Thus the inhibition of Mg++ influx appears to require
      interaction of Ba++ at the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Added
      Ba++ also diminishes observed rates of Mg++ efflux but not K+ efflux. This
      difference may relate to a higher concentration of Ba++ remaining in the medium
      in the presence of Mg++ under the conditions of our experiments. Pretreatment of
      mitochondria with dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide (DCCD), under conditions which result
      in an increase in the apparent Km for K+ of the K+ influx mechanism, results in
      inhibition of Mg++ influx from media containing approximately 0.2 mM Mg++. The
      inhibitory effect of DCCD on Mg++ influx is not seen at higher external Mg++ (0.8
      mM). This dependence on cation concentration is similar to the dependence on K+
      concentration of the inhibitory effect of DCCD on K+ influx. Although
      mitochondrial Mg++ and K+ transport mechanisms exhibit similar reagent
      sensitivities, whether Mg++ and K+ share common transport catalysis remains to be
      established.

PMID- 3372497
TI  - Phosphate transport in intestinal brush-border membrane.
AB  - In the small intestine of the rabbit the process of Na+-dependent uptake of
      phosphate occurs only at the brush-border of duodenal enterocytes. Li+ can
      replace Na+. The process is activated when either K+, Cs+, Rb+, or choline is
      present in the intravesicular space. The presence of membrane-permeable anions is
      essential for maximum rates of phosphate transport. We conclude that the
      mechanism of the phosphate carrier is electrogenic at pH 6-8, probably two Na+
      moving with each H2PO4-. This will lead to the development of a positive charge
      within the vesicle. The variation of the Km for H2PO4- with pH is thought to be
      the consequence of the affinity of the carrier protein for H2PO4- increasing as
      the pH increases. Polyclonal antibodies against membrane vesicles isolated from
      rabbit duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were prepared. The antibodies raised against
      the ileum and jejunum both activated the phosphate transport process, while the
      anti-duodenum antibody preparation inhibited phosphate transport.

PMID- 3372498
TI  - One-electron reduction of hepatic NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase as studied by
      pulse radiolysis.
AB  - The reduction of flavin in hepatic NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase by the hydrated
      electron (eaq-) was investigated by pulse radiolysis. The eaq- reduced the flavin
      of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase to form the red semiquinone between pH 5 and 9.
      The spectrum of the red semiquinone differs from that of enzyme reduced by
      dithionite in the presence of NAD+. After the first phase of the reduction,
      conversion of the red to blue semiquinone was observed at acidic pH. Resulting
      products are the blue (neutral) or red (anionic) semiquinone or a mixture of the
      two forms. The pK value for this flavin radical was approximately 6.3.
      Subsequently, the semiquinone form reacted by dismutation to form the oxidized
      and the fully reduced forms of the enzyme with a rate constant of 1 x 10(3) M-1 s
      1 at pH 7.1. In the presence of NAD+, eaq- reacted with NAD+ to yield NAD(.).
      Subsequently, NAD. transferred an electron to NAD+-bound oxidized enzyme to form
      the blue and red semiquinone or mixture of the two forms of the enzyme, where pK
      value of this flavin radical was approximately 6.3. The blue semiquinone obtained
      at acidic pH was found to convert to the red semiquinone with a first order rate
      constant of 90 s-1, where the rates were not affected by pH or the concentration
      of NAD+. The final product is NAD+-bound red semiquinone of the enzyme.

PMID- 3372499
TI  - Membrane-associated forms of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
      activity in rat pituitary. Tissue specificity.
AB  - Membrane-associated peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) activity
      was investigated in rat anterior and neurointermediate pituitary tissues and in
      pituitary AtT-20/D-16v and GH3 cell lines. A substantial fraction of total
      pituitary PAM activity was found to be membrane-associated. Triton X-100, N-octyl
      beta-D-glucopyranoside, and Zwittergent were effective in solubilizing PAM
      activity from crude pituitary membranes. The distribution of enzyme activity
      between soluble and membrane-associated forms was tissue-specific. In the
      anterior pituitary lobe and pituitary cell lines, 40-60% of total PAM activity
      was membrane-associated while only 10% of the alpha-amidating activity in the
      neurointermediate lobe was membrane-associated. Soluble and membrane-associated
      forms of PAM shared nearly identical characteristics with respect to copper and
      ascorbate requirements, pH optima, and Km values. Upon subcellular fractionation
      of anterior and neurointermediate pituitary lobe homogenates on Percoll
      gradients, 12-18% of total PAM activity was found in the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum/Golgi fractions and 42-60% was localized to secretory granule
      fractions. For both tissues, membrane-associated PAM activity was enriched in the
      rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pool, whereas most of the secretory granule
      associated enzyme activity was soluble.

PMID- 3372500
TI  - Biosynthesis of cartilage proteoglycan and link protein by articular chondrocytes
      from immature and mature rabbits.
AB  - Chondrocytes from immature and mature rabbits have been compared in biosynthetic
      studies with [3H] leucine and [35S]sulfate as precursors. The time course of
      incorporation of [3H]leucine into general protein, proteoglycan monomer core
      protein, and link protein and of [35S]sulfate into proteoglycan monomer has been
      examined. Proteoglycan monomer was isolated from the high buoyant density (p
      greater than 1.60) fractions of dissociative CsCl gradients and link protein by
      immunoprecipitation with antibody 8A4 followed by gel electrophoresis. Results
      based on the period of linear isotope incorporation showed that mature cells
      synthesize protein at about 40% of the rate of immature cells and both
      proteoglycan and link protein at about 20% of the rate of immature cells. The
      labeling rates obtained suggest that immature cells synthesize an approximate 1:1
      molar ratio of link protein to proteoglycan monomer, and for mature cells this
      ratio is about 0.8:1. While cell layer retention of newly synthesized
      proteoglycan was markedly lower in mature relative to immature cell cultures,
      link protein retention was high in both immature and mature cultures; this
      finding provides an explanation for our previous observation (Plaas, A. H. K.,
      and Sandy, J. D. (1984) Biochem, J. 220, 337-340) that link-free monomer
      accumulates in the medium of mature but not immature cultures. The link protein
      synthesized by both ages of cells and isolated from cell layer or medium was a
      single major species of apparent molecular mass 48-51 kDa. The results suggest
      that mature chondrocytes are less efficient than immature chondrocytes in the
      coordinated assembly of link-stabilized proteoglycan aggregates in this culture
      system.

PMID- 3372501
TI  - Cell surface sialylation and tumor metastasis. Metastatic potential of B16
      melanoma variants correlates with their relative numbers of specific penultimate
      oligosaccharide structures.
AB  - Numerous investigations suggest that cell surface glycoconjugates, and in
      particular sialic acids, are directly involved in determining the metastatic
      phenotype. To further evaluate this hypothesis, we have used a variety of
      techniques to probe the cell surfaces of several metastatic variants of the
      murine B16 melanoma that were selected for experimental lung-colonizing ability
      (Fidler, I. (1973) Nature 242, 148-149) or for their ability to spontaneously
      metastasize from the site of a subcutaneous injection (Stackpole, C. W.,
      Alterman, A. L., and Fornabaio, D. M. (1985) Invasion & Metastasis 5, 125-142).
      Using a highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatography sialic acid assay
      in conjunction with Vibrio cholerae sialidase, we find that none of these
      metastatic variants differ significantly in their overall levels of cell surface
      sialic acid. Using highly purified, linkage-specific sialyltransferases, in
      conjunction with specific glycosidases, to probe the cell surface saccharide
      topography of specific penultimate oligosaccharides, we also find no significant
      differences between the efficient lung-colonizing variant, B16-F10 and the poorly
      colonizing B16-F1 or B16-Flr variants. In contrast, the spontaneously metastatic
      variants examined contain substantially different levels of specific penultimate
      sialylation sites. The tumorigenic but nonmetastatic B16-LM3/G3.26 variant
      contains 4-fold more penultimate Gal beta 1-3GalNAc sialylation sites than the
      tumorigenic and highly metastatic B16-LM3/G3.12 variant when CMP[3H]NeuAc and the
      alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-3GalNAc sialyltransferase are used to probe the melanoma cell
      surfaces. Several prominent glycoconjugates of apparent Mr 43,000, 40,000, and
      30,000 are especially evident upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of the nonmetastatic cells. The nonmetastatic variant also
      contains 2-fold more Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc sialylation sites than the metastatic
      variant when the alpha 2-6Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc sialyltransferase is used as a cell
      surface probe. In this case, glycoconjugates of apparent Mr 74,000, 45,000, and
      43,000 are more prominently observed on the cell surfaces of the nonmetastatic
      variant. These data indicate that the differences in lung-colonizing abilities of
      B16 melanoma metastatic variants do not correlate with the numbers or sialylation
      states of specific penultimate oligosaccharide structures on their surfaces.
      However, the relative levels of specific penultimate saccharide structures do
      correlate with the ability of the cells to undergo spontaneous metastasis from a
      subcutaneous tumor.

PMID- 3372502
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene.
AB  - Mouse ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) genomic clones were isolated from a
      bacteriophage lambda genomic library representing mouse myeloma 653-1 cells which
      over-produce ODC due to amplification of an active ODC gene. Sequence analysis of
      the amplified ODC gene revealed that ODC mRNA is encoded by 12 exons, 10 of which
      (exons 3 to 12) code for the ODC protein. Exon 12 also corresponds to the 3'
      noncoding region of the two species of ODC mRNA which are formed by alternative
      utilization of two polyadenylation signals separated from each other by 422
      nucleotides. The transcription initiation site was mapped by S1 nuclease
      protection and by primer extension analysis. The 5' flanking region is extremely
      rich in G + C and contains typical promoter motifs such as the TATA box and SP1
      transcription factor binding sites. Joining the 5' flanking region to the
      Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase structural gene and its
      introduction into mouse cells resulted in the expression of a high level of
      chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. Comparing the sequence of the ODC
      gene to our previously published sequence of ODC cDNA revealed a disagreement
      between the sequences located 5' to the AvaI site and demonstrated that this
      region of our previously reported cDNA represents a cloning artifact. The portion
      of the correct 5' noncoding region encoded by exon 1 is extremely rich in G + C
      and includes potential secondary structures which may be involved in
      translational regulation of ODC mRNA.

PMID- 3372503
TI  - Molecular cloning of cDNA and chromosomal assignment of the gene for human
      phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, the enzyme for epinephrine biosynthesis.
AB  - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; EC 2.1.1.28) catalyzes the
      synthesis of epinephrine from norepinephrine, the last step of catecholamine
      biosynthesis. To isolate a cDNA clone for human PNMT, we first isolated a cDNA
      clone for bovine adrenal medulla PNMT using mixed oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes
      whose synthesis was based on the partial amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides
      from the bovine enzyme. By screening a bovine adrenal medulla cDNA library, a
      cDNA clone with an insert of about 200 base pairs (bp) was isolated. This clone
      consisted of 84 bp of carboxyl-terminal coding region, which contained amino acid
      sequences corresponding to two tryptic peptides, and about 100 bp of 3'
      untranslated region. Using this cDNA fragment as the probe, we screened a human
      pheochromocytoma cDNA library and isolated a cDNA clone with an insert of about
      1.0 kilobase pairs, which contained the complete coding region of the enzyme.
      Northern blot analysis of human pheochromocytoma poly(A)+ RNA using this cDNA
      insert as the probe showed a single RNA species of about 1,000 nucleotides,
      suggesting that this clone is a full-length cDNA. Determination of the nucleotide
      sequence revealed that human PNMT consists of 282-amino acid residues with a
      predicted molecular weight of 30,853, including initial methionine. The amino
      acid sequence of the human PNMT was highly homologous (88%) to that of the bovine
      enzyme. Chromosomal assignment of the gene for human PNMT was carried out using
      mouse-human somatic cell hybrids. The PNMT gene was assigned to chromosome 17.

PMID- 3372504
TI  - A new repetitive protein from Xenopus laevis skin highly homologous to pancreatic
      spasmolytic polypeptide.
AB  - A cDNA sequence has been used to derive the precursor structure of a highly
      repetitive protein in Xenopus laevis skin. From the sequence of a whole family of
      secretory proteins can be predicted containing a classical hydrophobic signal
      sequence at the NH2-terminal end of the precursor. The proteins contain four
      domains with high homology to porcine pancreatic spasmolytic polypeptide. These
      four cysteine-rich, presumably physiologically active domains are separated in
      the molecule by a repetitive element, locating two such domains to the NH2
      terminus of the precursor protein and the remaining two to the COOH-terminal end.
      The separating spacer consists of very unusual, precise, threonine and proline
      rich repeats containing 9 residues which could be targets for extensive O
      glycosylation. Additionally, processing at two pairs of basic residues is
      suggested to liberate two polypeptides ("spasmolysins") and "spasmolysin
      glycoprotein."

PMID- 3372505
TI  - Partial characterization and purification of the glycosylation site recognition
      component of oligosaccharyltransferase.
AB  - Oligosaccharyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the co-translational transfer of
      oligosaccharide from dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc2Man9Glc3 to -Asn-X-Ser/Thr- sequences in
      nascent polypeptide chains, was studied in hen oviduct microsomes using the
      active site-directed photoaffinity probe 125I-labeled N alpha-3-(4
      hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-Asn-Lys(N epsilon-p-azidobenzoyl)-Thr-NH2. Several lines
      of evidence established that the tripeptide probe interacted with a 57-kDa
      protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that was subsequently glycosylated and
      converted to a 60-kDa form. The 57-kDa protein, isolated by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, was used as immunogen to prepare polyclonal antisera. The
      specificity of the antibody was established on the basis of its ability to 1)
      recognize the 57-kDa protein by immunoblotting and 2) immunoprecipitate the
      photolabeled protein. The antibody also recognized photolabeled protein from
      different tissues and organisms. The 57-kDa protein isolated by
      immunoprecipitation retained its ability to interact with the photoaffinity probe
      but was inactive in catalyzing glycosylation of peptides. This result suggests
      that the 57-kDa protein is the component of oligosaccharyltransferase that
      recognizes the glycosylation site in polypeptides. These results are discussed in
      terms of possible models for the structure of oligosaccharyltransferase in the
      endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 3372506
TI  - Synthesis and expression of a gene coding for the calcium-modulated protein S100
      beta and designed for cassette-based, site-directed mutagenesis.
AB  - As an initial step in studies aimed at addressing the question of what common and
      unique features of the S100 family of proteins are related to their specific
      functions and localizations, a gene coding for one of the S100 proteins, S100
      beta, has been prepared by ligation of 12 overlapping, synthetic
      oligonucleotides. Automated DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the final
      construct has the expected structure. The gene was inserted into a plasmid vector
      that contains a tac promoter and ampicillin-resistance gene, thus allowing both
      amplification and direct expression cloning in Escherichia coli. The gene was
      designed to allow rapid, efficient changes of single or multiple amino acids by
      using cassette-based mutagenesis while the gene is resident in the vector. The
      expressed protein (VUSB-1) is indistinguishable from bovine brain S100 beta in
      terms of electrophoretic mobility, reactivity with antibodies to S100 beta, amino
      acid composition, and partial amino acid sequence analysis. Preparations of
      expressed protein are also functionally similar to bovine brain S100 beta as
      determined by aldolase activator activity and neurite extension factor activity,
      supporting the concept that these activities are a property of the S100 beta
      polypeptide.

PMID- 3372507
TI  - Human low density lipoprotein receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Conserved
      signals for O-linked glycosylation and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
AB  - The human low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is shown to carry out efficient
      receptor-mediated endocytosis in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Microinjection of mRNAs
      encoding the human receptor led to synthesis of a 120-kDa precursor possessing
      high mannose N-linked sugars and core O-linked sugars. During its transport to
      the cell surface, the protein increased in apparent size to 160 kDa, which is
      similar to the change that occurs in human cells. This increase was not seen when
      the receptor lacked the serine/threonine-rich region that undergoes O-linked
      glycosylation. The surface receptors bound 125I-LDL at 0 degrees C and
      internalized it with a half-time of 2 min when the cells were warmed to 19
      degrees C. The rate of internalization was slowed by 7-fold when a single residue
      in the cytoplasmic domain (Tyr807) was changed to a cysteine, an alteration that
      slows incorporation into coated pits in mammalian cells. Deletion of the
      cytoplasmic domain abolished rapid internalization. We conclude that the signals
      for O-linked glycosylation and receptor-mediated endocytosis of the LDL receptor
      have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution.

PMID- 3372508
TI  - A novel mutation causes a perinatal lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta. An
      insertion in one alpha 1(I) collagen allele (COL1A1).
AB  - We have identified an infant with the perinatal lethal form of osteogenesis
      imperfecta (type II) whose cells synthesize in equal amounts two different pro
      alpha 1(I) chains of type I procollagen: one chain is normal in length, the other
      contains an insertion of approximately 50-70 amino acid residues within the
      triple helical domain defined by amino acids 123-220. The structure of the
      insertion is consistent with duplication of an approximately 600-base pair
      segment in one allele of the alpha 1(I) gene (COL1A1). These cells synthesize
      normal type I procollagen molecules as well as molecules that contain one or two
      mutant chains. Unlike type I procollagen molecules synthesized by cells from most
      other infants with osteogenesis imperfecta type II which contain increased lysyl
      hydroxylation and hydroxylysyl glycosylation along the triple helical domain, the
      abnormal molecules synthesized by these cells are not overmodified. The lethal
      effect of this mutation may result from secretion of about one-quarter the normal
      amount of normal type I procollagen and secretion of a large amount of a molecule
      which has a lowered melting temperature, is extended asymmetrically, and which
      has altered structure in domains important for cross-link formation and bone
      mineralization.

PMID- 3372509
TI  - Rabbit liver growth hormone receptor and serum binding protein. Purification,
      characterization, and sequence.
AB  - A putative growth hormone receptor from detergent-solubilized rabbit liver
      membranes and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have been
      purified 59,000- and 400,000-fold, respectively, primarily by affinity
      chromatography. Both purified proteins exhibit high affinity binding for human
      growth hormone; K alpha = 9-30 x 10(9) M-1 for the liver receptor and K alpha = 6
      x 10(9) M-1 for the binding protein. The apparent molecular weight of the liver
      receptor is 130,000 by reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, while
      that of the binding protein is 51,000. Both contain N-linked carbohydrate. The
      amino-terminal sequences of the liver growth hormone receptor and the serum
      binding protein were found to be the same, indicating that the binding protein
      corresponds to the extracellular domain of the liver receptor. Ubiquitin was
      found covalently linked to the liver receptor but not to the serum binding
      protein. The amino acid sequences of several peptides from the liver receptor
      were also determined after tryptic and V8 protease digestion.

PMID- 3372510
TI  - Characterization of a novel insulin receptor from stingray liver.
AB  - The insulin receptor from the liver of stingray, a cartilaginous fish, has
      characteristics which are in marked contrast to those of the mammalian insulin
      receptor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cross
      linked, affinity-labeled stingray insulin receptor shows an apparent molecular
      mass of 210 kDa for the intact receptor. Reduction with mercaptoethanol resulted
      in no alteration in the apparent size of the stingray insulin receptor. Gel
      filtration studies of Triton X-100 solubilized stingray insulin receptor
      demonstrated an apparent Stokes radius of 7.6 nm. Ultracentrifugation sucrose
      gradient studies of cross-linked affinity labeled stingray receptor resulted in
      determination of a sedimentation coefficient of 13 S. Both of these parameters
      were greater than simultaneously obtained data for the human insulin receptor
      (7.2 nm and 11 S, respectively). Unlabeled insulin competed with binding of 125I
      insulin and 125I-insulin growth factor (IGF) I with a half-maximal concentration
      of 1 nM for either. Unlabeled IGF I and II also competed, but were 4-5-fold less
      potent than insulin. It was found that not only did IGF I bind to the 210-kDa
      material, but both insulin and IGF I stimulated phosphorylation of a 210-kDa
      material which was immunoprecipitable by a polyclonal insulin receptor antibody.
      Elution of this material from the gel followed by hydrolysis and thin layer
      chromatography demonstrated that the 210-kDa material was specifically
      phosphorylated on tyrosine only. These data suggest that the insulin receptor
      from stingray liver is a dimer made up of 2 identical subunits of about 210 kDa
      size which contain both binding regions and insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase.
      Specificity studies suggest that the stingray insulin receptor may represent a
      phylogenetic position prior to the evolutionary divergence of insulin and the
      insulin-like growth factors.

PMID- 3372511
TI  - The cytotoxins alpha-sarcin and ricin retain their specificity when tested on a
      synthetic oligoribonucleotide (35-mer) that mimics a region of 28 S ribosomal
      ribonucleic acid.
AB  - An oligoribonucleotide (35-mer) that mimics the alpha-sarcin and the ricin region
      of eukaryotic 28 S rRNA was transcribed in vitro from a synthetic template with
      T7 RNA polymerase and was used to test whether the specificity of the hydrolysis
      by the toxins was retained. alpha-Sarcin, at a low concentration, cleaved a
      single phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of a guanosine residue in the synthetic
      oligomer that corresponds to G-4325 in 28 S rRNA, the site of action of the toxin
      in intact ribosomes. At a high concentration of alpha-sarcin, the substrate (35
      mer) was hydrolyzed after each of its purines. alpha-Sarcin was without an effect
      on a synthetic RNA (20-mer) that reproduces the near universal sequence of
      nucleotides in the loop, but lacks the stem, of the toxin's domain. Thus, the
      specificity of the attack of alpha-sarcin on a precise region of 28 S rRNA
      appears to be contingent on the sequence of the nucleotides and the structure of
      the domain. Ricin depurinated a nucleotide in the synthetic oligomer (35-mer),
      and in the presence of aniline the phosphoribose backbone was cleaved at a
      position that conforms to A-4324 in 28 S rRNA, the site of action of the toxin in
      vivo.

PMID- 3372512
TI  - Heterogenous inositol tetrakisphosphate binding sites in the adrenal cortex.
AB  - Bovine adrenal cortical microsomes possess high (Kd = 3.68 +/- 1.02 X 10(-9) M)
      and lower (Kd = 9.20 +/- 1.71 X 10(-8) M) affinity binding sites for inositol
      1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate. The binding to these sites is rapid, saturable
      (reaches equilibrium by 15 min at 0 degrees C), and reversible. Competition
      studies with other inositol phosphate analogs indicate that the high affinity
      binding sites are clearly distinct from the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
      receptors which are, however, responsible for a fraction of the lower affinity
      binding. The characteristics of the inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate binding
      sites described are compatible with their possible receptor function.

PMID- 3372513
TI  - Influences of solvent on group transfer potentials and biochemical recognition of
      carbohydrates. Anomalous solvation of the anomeric hydroxyl group.
AB  - When carbohydrates in aqueous solution combine with biological receptors, their
      interactions with the binding site take the place of previous interactions with
      solvent water. Free energies of binding can therefore be considered to depend on
      free energies of solvation of the interacting partners before and after
      complexation. Because carbohydrates contain so many polar substituents, their
      overall preferences for aqueous surroundings are overwhelming, so that they do
      not yield readily to analysis of their solvation properties. We therefore decided
      to eliminate most of the secondary hydroxyl groups and to compare the
      distribution properties of simple sugar analogs based on tetrahydropyran. The
      results suggest that compounds containing an anomeric hydroxyl group are less
      strongly solvated than expected from the properties of simple alcohols. Group
      transfer potentials of O- and N-glycosides, lactones, and acylals are
      substantially affected by differences in free energy of solvation between
      reactants and products. In contrast, equilibria of ring chain tautomerism and
      covalent hydration of aldoses are almost completely insensitive to the polarity
      of their surroundings.

PMID- 3372514
TI  - The Na+/Ca2+ antiporter in aortic smooth muscle cells. Characterization and
      demonstration of an activation by phorbol esters.
AB  - The Na+/Ca2+ antiporter is present in aortic smooth muscle cells of the A7r5 cell
      line. Imposing an outward Na+ gradient to the cells promoted a 45Ca2+ uptake
      component which was sensitive to amiloride derivatives and insensitive to
      blockers of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. The Ca2+ uptake system was
      dependent on intracellular Na+ concentration; it was inactive when Li+ replaced
      intracellular Na+ and it was electrogenic. Flow cytometric analysis of cells that
      had been loaded with the Ca2+ indicator indo-1 showed that all conditions that
      promoted Ca2+ influx led to corresponding increases in the free cytoplasmic Ca2+
      concentration. Treatment of the A7r5 cells with phorbol myristate acetate, a
      known activator of protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme), led to
      a two-fold activation of the system and to larger intracellular Ca2+ transients
      when cells were shifted to Na+-free solutions. Activation was observed at all
      intracellular Na+ concentrations. Changing the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ system
      did not affect the size and duration of intracellular Ca2+ transients elicited by
      the Ca2+ mobilizing hormone vasopressin. It is concluded that the Na+/Ca2+
      antiporter in smooth muscle cells is a target for protein kinase C but that the
      system is not involved in the regulation of Ca2+ transients induced by
      vasopressin.

PMID- 3372515
TI  - CoA- and non-CoA-dependent retinol esterification in retinal pigment epithelium.
AB  - Washed, buffered microsomes from bovine retinal pigment epithelium catalyze
      retinyl ester synthesis from retinol in the absence of an exogenous acyl donor. A
      plot of retinyl ester synthesis versus time reaches a plateau at 123 +/- 26 nmol
      of retinyl ester mg-1 microsomal protein, providing a minimum value of the
      concentration of the endogenous acyl donor. Fatty acyl-CoA analysis by three
      different methods employing high performance liquid chromatography resulted in
      the detection of less than 1 nmol mg-1 protein of acyl-CoA, indicating that fatty
      acyl-CoA is not the endogenous acyl donor. Stimulation of the rate of retinyl
      ester synthesis by palmitoyl-CoA or ATP, CoA, and palmitate is observed following
      its addition at the beginning of the reaction or after the endogenous acyl source
      has been exhausted by 20 min of reaction with retinol. Palmitate from
      [14C]palmitoyl-CoA is incorporated into retinyl ester at a rate similar to that
      for the incorporation of [3H] retinol, demonstrating the presence of an apparent
      acyl-CoA:retinol acyl transferase activity. The acyl group from palmitoyl-CoA can
      be transferred initially to a component of the microsomes and subsequently to
      retinol. The product of retinyl ester synthesis from all-trans-retinol and
      palmitoyl-CoA is all-trans-retinyl palmitate, indicating that the stereochemical
      configuration is retained during esterification. The kinetic parameters for the
      esterification of 11-cis-retinol and all-trans-retinol are similar.

PMID- 3372516
TI  - Volume enlargement and recovery of Na+-dependent amino acid transport in
      proteoliposomes derived from Ehrlich ascites cell membranes.
AB  - Na+-dependent amino acid transport can be reconstituted from solubilized Ehrlich
      cell plasma membranes by addition of asolectin vesicles, gel filtration, and a
      freeze-thaw cycle. Removal of phosphatidic acid (approximately 10% of the total
      lipid) by Ba2+ precipitation reduces the efficiency of reconstitution of Na+
      dependent amino acid transport by approximately 73% and decreases intravesicular
      volume of the proteoliposomes by approximately 43%. The loss of transport
      activity is not due to exclusion of specific proteins during reconstitution. The
      phosphatidic acid-free liposomes are less permeable and require more time to
      attain an equilibrium distribution of solute. Transport activity and
      intravesicular volume can be restored to Ba2+-precipitated asolectin
      proteoliposomes by addition of egg-phosphatidic acid during reconstitution. The
      extent of recovery of transport activity is proportional to the change in
      intravesicular volume and depends on the amount of phosphatidic acid present.
      Replacement of phosphatidic acid with 20% phosphatidylserine or
      phosphatidylglycerol leads to increases in intravesicular volume with little or
      no increase in amino acid transport. Generation of phosphatidic acid in situ by
      treatment of Ba2+-precipitated proteoliposomes with phospholipase D also restored
      transport. The observed increase in transport activity (9-fold) is accompanied by
      a 46% increase in intravesicular volume, presumably caused by vesicle fusion.
      Phosphatidic acid is also required for successful reconstitution of Na+-dependent
      amino acid transport from pure phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine (1:1)
      mixtures with only a small change (approximately 16%) in intravesicular volume.
      The results provide evidence for both indirect and direct effects of phosphatidic
      acid on reconstitution of Na+-dependent amino acid transport. The indirect
      effects occur through enlargement of intravesicular volume, large vesicles
      showing higher rates of transport. However, there is also evidence to indicate a
      specific effect of phosphatidic acid on the Na+-dependent amino acid transporter,
      since other acidic lipids may change intravesicular volume without a commensurate
      change in transport activity.

PMID- 3372517
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-catalyzed dehydrogenation of 1,4-dihydropyridines.
AB  - A variety of different 4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine Hantzsch esters are
      substrates for ring dehydrogenation by a cytochrome P-450 (P-450) enzyme (P-450
      UT-A); the substitutent could be varied from a hydrogen to a naphthalenyl, but a
      pyrenyl derivative was not dehydrogenated. When a 4-alkyl group is present, both
      the P-450 which oxidizes the substrate and other P-450s can be inactivated (by
      putative alkyl radicals). P-450s did not discriminate with regard to removal of
      the 4-H atoms from an enantiomeric pair of dihydropyridines. Losses of the 4
      proton and N-methyl from a N-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine occur at similar rates.
      The calculated intrinsic kinetic hydrogen isotope effect (Dk) for dehydrogenation
      of 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
      was 2.9 in a reconstituted P-450 UT-A enzyme system. No significant kinetic
      hydrogen isotope effect was observed in microsomal incubations for the
      dehydrogenation of this compound or 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5
      pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester in a variety of competitive and
      noncompetitive experiments. In light of previous studies on the magnitude of
      kinetic hydrogen isotope effects in P-450 systems (e.g. Miwa et al., 1983 (Miwa,
      G. T., Walsh, J. S., Kedderis, G. L., and Hollenberg, P. F. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.
      258, 14445-14449], the mechanistic proposals of Augusto et al., 1982 (Augusto,
      O., Beilan, H. S., and Ortiz de Montellano, P. R. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257,
      11288-11295)) for enzyme inactivation by 4-alkyl-substituted Hantzsch pyridine
      esters, and other precedents for sequential electron transfer in amine oxidation
      by P-450s, we interpret these results as being consistent with P-450-mediated 1
      electron oxidation of dihydropyridines followed by the facile loss of the 4
      proton, with subsequent electron transfer to complete the reaction.

PMID- 3372518
TI  - Cytochrome P-450-catalyzed hydroxylation and carboxylic acid ester cleavage of
      Hantzsch pyridine esters.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-catalyzed oxidation of 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5
      pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester gives rise to 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5
      pyridinedicarboxylic acid monoethyl ester and to 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-4
      phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester, identified in this work. A
      pyridine hydroxymethyl diester of the sort of the latter compound is novel; under
      acidic or dehydrating conditions the diester is readily converted to a cyclic
      lactone (2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid 5-ethyl
      ester lactone). 2,6-Dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid monoethyl
      ester was not hydroxylated to form this hydroxymethyl compound or lactone, but
      1,4-dihydro-2-hydroxymethyl-4-phenyl-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxyli c acid
      diethyl ester was enzymatically oxidized to give both products. The rates of
      oxidative carboxylic ester cleavage and methyl hydroxylation varied among
      individual forms of P-450 tested. Experiments with 2H and 3H labels were used to
      estimate an intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effect of 15 for ethyl ester
      cleavage by rat liver P-450PB-B in a reconstituted system. Rat liver microsomal
      systems showed kinetic deuterium and tritium isotope effects of 8 and 11,
      respectively, and this deuterium isotope effect was not attenuated in either
      intra- or intermolecular competitive experiments. When deuterium was present in
      the ethyl (ester) groups, increases in the rate of 2-methyl hydroxylation were
      observed in rat liver microsomes and with purified P-450 beta NF-B (but not with
      P-450PB-B). Deuteration of the methyl groups gave rise to kinetic isotope effects
      of 7-11, but no increases were seen in the rates of ester cleavage. These studies
      and those on rates of substrate disappearance indicate that isotopically
      sensitive branching (metabolic switching) observed in these systems is not
      necessarily bidirectional.

PMID- 3372519
TI  - Identification of the reactive sulfhydryl and sequences of cysteinyl-tryptic
      peptides from beef heart aconitase.
AB  - In an accompanying paper (Kennedy, M. C., Spoto, G., Emptage, M. H., and Beinert,
      H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8190-8193), it was shown that one cysteine per mol
      of aconitase is modified by a variety of sulfhydryl reagents. We have identified
      the tryptic peptide that contains the iodoacetamide-reactive cysteine. We have
      also demonstrated that this cysteine is the primary site of modification by
      phenacyl bromide (2-bromoacetophenone), a spin label analogue of N-ethylmaleimide
      (HO-461) and iodoacetate in both the 3Fe and 4Fe forms of aconitase. The amino
      acid sequence of the peptide containing the reactive cysteine from beef heart
      aconitase shares no homology with the reactive cysteine-containing peptide
      reported for pig heart aconitase (Hahm, K.-S., Gawron, O., and Piszkiewicz, D.
      (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 667, 457-461). We also report the amino acid
      compositions and sequences of seven other cysteine-containing tryptic peptides
      from beef heart aconitase. However, none of the cysteinyl peptides isolated were
      found to correspond to the reported pig heart reactive cysteinyl peptide.
      Evidence is also presented that no previously unreactive cysteine becomes exposed
      and reactive to sulfhydryl reagents in the conversion from the [4Fe-4S] cluster
      of the enzyme to the [3Fe-4S] cluster. We conclude from this that any potential
      cysteine ligand to the Fea site of the cluster must be inaccessible to solvent in
      the 3Fe form or, alternatively, that active 4Fe aconitase does not contain a
      cysteine ligand to the Fea site.

PMID- 3372520
TI  - Amiloride, a specific inhibitor for the Na+-driven flagellar motors of
      alkalophilic Bacillus.
AB  - Na+-driven flagellar motors of alkalophilic Bacillus were found to be inhibited
      by amiloride, a potent inhibitor for many Na+-coupled systems. A concentration of
      0.5 mM of amiloride completely inhibited motility but showed almost no effect on
      the membrane potential, the intracellular pH homeostasis, and the ATP content of
      the cells. Furthermore, the activity of a Na+-coupled amino acid transport system
      was reduced only by half by this concentration of amiloride. Thus, the inhibition
      of motility of alkalophilic Bacillus by amiloride was rather specific. The
      inhibition of motility produced by amiloride was restored by increasing Na+
      concentrations in the medium. Kinetic analysis of the data revealed that the
      inhibition was competitive with respect to the concentration of Na+ in the
      medium. Therefore, it is quite logical to assume that amiloride inhibits the
      rotation of the Na+-driven flagellar motors of alkalophilic Bacillus by competing
      with Na+ at the force-generating site of the motor. Some amiloride analogs known
      to selectively inhibit Na+ channels were potent inhibitors for the flagellar
      motors, suggesting that the Na+-interacting site of the motors has some
      similarity to that of the Na+ channels.

PMID- 3372521
TI  - Use of hemopexin domains and monoclonal antibodies to hemopexin to probe the
      molecular determinants of hemopexin-mediated heme transport.
AB  - Plasmin cleaves rabbit serum apohemopexin (Mr = 60,000) at a single site
      producing a heme-binding domain (I, Mr = 35,000) and a second domain (II, Mr =
      25,000) (W. T. Morgan and A. Smith (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12001-12005). The
      absorbance spectra of heme-domain I are indicative of a bis-histidyl coordination
      complex with the central heme iron atom. Chemical modification of the 5 histidine
      residues of apo-domain I with diethylpyrocarbonate abolished heme binding,
      supporting this assignment. Upon binding heme, domain I migrates more rapidly in
      sucrose gradients, and, in sedimentation velocity experiments, the s value of
      domain I increases from 3.17 +/- 0.04 to 3.71 +/- 0.09, a notably large increase
      which indicates that the domain becomes much more compact. This conformational
      change which plays a pivotal role in hemopexin function requires the bis-histidyl
      coordination with heme iron and leads to a tighter association between domain I
      and domain II shown by the co-migration of heme-domain I and domain II in sucrose
      gradients. In turn, the association of heme-domain I with domain II increases the
      thermal stability of the heme-domain I chromophore. Results of binding studies
      using mouse hepatoma cells and isolated domains indicate that domain I not only
      binds heme but also plays a vital part in the hemopexin-receptor interaction. The
      change in conformation of domain I upon heme binding and the association between
      domains I and II induced by heme are both notable determinants of the strength of
      the hemopexin-receptor interaction, but an intact "hinge region" between the
      domains is not necessary for receptor binding. The importance of both domains in
      bringing about the transport function of hemopexin is confirmed by the ability of
      three (two specific for domain I and one for domain II) of seven monoclonal
      antibodies raised against hemopexin to inhibit the hemopexin-receptor
      interaction.

PMID- 3372522
TI  - Interaction of hemopexin with Sn-protoporphyrin IX, an inhibitor of heme
      oxygenase. Role for hemopexin in hepatic uptake of Sn-protoporphyrin IX and
      induction of mRNA for heme oxygenase.
AB  - Sn-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase and a potential
      therapeutic agent for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, is bound tightly by hemopexin.
      The apparent dissociation constant (Kd) at pH 7.4 is 0.25 +/- 0.15 microM, but
      estimation of the Kd for the SnPP-hemopexin complex is hampered by the fact that
      at physiological pH SnPP exists as monomers and dimers, both of which are bound
      by hemopexin. SnPP is readily displaced from hemopexin by heme (Kd less than 1
      pM). The hemopexin-SnPP interaction, like that of heme-hemopexin, is dependent on
      the histidine residues of hemopexin. However, as expected from the differences in
      the coordination chemistries of tin and iron, the stability of the histidyl
      metalloporphyrin complex is lower for SnPP-hemopexin than for mesoheme-hemopexin.
      Nevertheless, when SnPP binds to hemopexin, certain of the ligand-induced changes
      in the conformation of hemopexin which increase the affinity of the protein for
      its receptor are produced. Binding of SnPP produces the conformational change in
      hemopexin which protects the hinge region of hemopexin from proteolysis, but SnPP
      does not produce the characteristic increase in the ellipticity of hemopexin at
      231 nm that heme does. Competition experiments confirmed that human serum albumin
      (apparent Kd = 4 +/- 2 microM) has a significantly lower affinity for SnPP than
      does hemopexin. Appreciable amounts of SnPP (up to 35% in adults and 20% in
      neonates) would be bound by hemopexin in the circulation, and the remainder of
      SnPP would be associated with albumin due to the latter's high concentration in
      serum. Essentially no non-protein-bound SnPP is present. Importantly, SnPP
      hemopexin binds to the hemopexin receptor on mouse hepatoma cells with an
      affinity comparable to that of heme-hemopexin and treatment of the hepatoma cells
      with SnPP-hemopexin causes a rapid increase in the steady state level of heme
      oxygenase messenger RNA. These results show that hemopexin participates in the
      transport of SnPP to heme oxygenase and in its regulation by SnPP.

PMID- 3372523
TI  - Localization of the pyridoxal phosphate binding site at the COOH-terminal region
      of erythrocyte band 3 protein.
AB  - A human erythrocyte Band 3 peptide, affinity labeled with pyridoxal phosphate,
      was purified by a combination of gel permeation and reverse-phase high
      performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the transmembrane
      peptide was determined by sequencing subfragments of the peptide obtained from
      lysyl endopeptidase and staphylococcal proteinase V8 digestions. When a peptide
      containing the COOH-terminal of human erythrocyte Band 3 was also purified and
      sequenced, the affinity-labeled peptide was found to be located close to the COOH
      terminal of Band 3, where it could be aligned with amino acid residues 852-927 of
      a murine erythrocyte Band 3, deduced from a nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone
      (Kopito, R. R., and Lodish, H. F. (1985) Nature 316, 234-238). The amino acid
      sequence of the COOH-terminal region was highly homologous to that of murine Band
      3. As a result, the sequence of the COOH-terminal peptide of Band 3 was
      established as follows. (Formula: see text). The pyridoxal phosphate binding site
      was identified as Lys-18 which corresponded to Lys-869 of the deduced sequence.
      It appears that the COOH-terminal region of Band 3 constitutes at least a part of
      the active center for anion transport in human erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 3372524
TI  - Extensive labeling with [3H]ethanolamine of a hydrophilic protein of animal
      cells.
AB  - Murine T-lymphomas and Thy-1- mutants were labeled overnight with
      [3H]ethanolamine to detect proteins which possess a glycophospholipid anchor.
      When labeled cells were treated with 10% trichloroacetic acid and then analyzed
      by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography,
      both Thy-1 and a second intensely labeled protein (46 kDa) were observed. The
      presence of the radiolabeled 46-kDa protein in wild type and class E Thy-1
      negative cells (cells in which Thy-1 is synthesized but cannot be labeled with
      [3H]ethanolamine) suggested incorporation into a distinct moiety. Labeling of the
      46-kDa protein with [3H]ethanolamine is rapidly inhibited by cycloheximide.
      Further characterization of the 46-kDa protein by subcellular fractionation and
      Triton X-114 partitioning indicated that the protein is located in the cytosol.
      The protein is basic and does not bind to either concanavalin A or wheat germ
      agglutinin. Labeling of a 46-kDa protein has also been demonstrated in Chinese
      hamster ovary, COS, rat myeloma, cloned human T-lymphocytes, and HeLa cells.
      Pronase digestion of the [3H]ethanolamine-labeled 46-kDa protein of wild type
      lymphoma cells generated a nonbasic and polar labeled fragment which is labile to
      strong acid and base ([3H]ethanolamine is liberated), insensitive to periodate
      oxidation and alkaline phosphatase, and does not bind to concanavalin A or wheat
      germ agglutinin. Judging from methylation studies, the labeled ethanolamine
      residue does not contain a free amino group. Based on these results, we report a
      novel post-translational modification of selected protein(s) by the covalent
      addition of [3H]ethanolamine.

PMID- 3372525
TI  - Expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene is regulated by multiple positive
      and negative elements.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E (apoE), unlike the other major lipoproteins, is synthesized in a
      variety of tissues. We examined which regions of the human apoE gene contributed
      to its tissue-specific expression using HepG2 and HeLa cells as examples of
      expressing and nonexpressing tissues, respectively. Regions between -360 bp and 
      80 bp and within the first intron were shown to be necessary for full expression
      activity in HepG2 cells by a nuclease protection assay which demonstrated correct
      transcriptional initiation of the transfected constructions. To fine map the
      regulatory regions, we constructed a series of deletions fused to the reporter
      gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. We discovered eight regions which had a
      positive effect on expression and three regions that had a negative effect on
      expression, in both HepG2 and HeLa cells. In addition we found three regions
      which had a tissue-specific negative effect on expression in HeLa cells and one
      region with a tissue-specific positive effect in HepG2 cells. A DNase I
      protection assay revealed eight footprints within the proximal 5'-flanking
      sequence and the first intron. Seven of these footprints fell within closely
      defined regions with positive expression activity. Sequence analysis of these
      footprint elements revealed the presence of previously identified elements and
      two novel elements related to each other, identified here as B1 and B2. We also
      defined another repeated sequence, the A element; all three of the tissue
      nonspecific negative regions contained this element or sequences with homology to
      it. In the context of a heterologous promotor, a synthetic oligonucleotide
      containing the B1 and B2 elements behaved like a classical enhancer, having a
      positive effect on expression, even when placed at a distance. This effect was
      neutralized by a different synthetic oligonucleotide containing an A element
      repeat.

PMID- 3372526
TI  - A high yield purification of the human transferrin receptor and properties of its
      major extracellular fragment.
AB  - Human transferrin receptor is a disulfide-linked homodimer of 90-kDa glycoprotein
      subunits, capable of binding two transferrins. We report a new high yield
      affinity purification protocol for transferrin receptor from placenta which
      produces 3-4 mg of highly purified protein. Trypsin cleaves the protein at
      arginine-121, producing a stable fragment that contains 95% of the
      extracytoplasmic sequence; similar fragments are produced by several other
      proteases. The tryptic fragment is a nondisulfide-linked dimer in solution and
      binds two transferrin molecules. The dimensions of both the dimer fragment and
      its complex with transferrin are estimated by gel filtration.

PMID- 3372527
TI  - Interaction between the chemotactic cAMP receptor and a detergent-insoluble
      membrane residue of Dictyostelium discoideum. Modulation by guanine nucleotides.
AB  - Cells from Dictyostelium discoideum carry chemotactic cAMP receptors on their
      surface. Kinetic studies have revealed the existence of two slowly dissociating,
      high affinity receptor forms (SS and S) and one or more fast dissociating, low
      affinity forms (F) (Van Haastert, P.J.M., and De Wit, R.J.W. (1984) J. Biol.
      Chem. 259, 13321-13328). We have studied the interaction of these different cAMP
      receptor types with a detergent-insoluble membrane residue. Isolated D.
      discoideum membranes were extracted with the detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate (CHAPS), which was
      previously shown to be the only detergent in the presence of which cAMP receptor
      binding is completely preserved (Janssens, P. M. W., and Van Driel, R. (1986)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 885, 91-101). The protein composition of the CHAPS
      insoluble membrane residue appeared to be similar to that of the Triton X-100
      insoluble membrane skeleton. Cyclic AMP binding studies revealed a specific
      association of the slowly dissociating cAMP receptors (SS and S forms) with this
      CHAPS-insoluble residue. All fast dissociating (F type) receptors were
      solubilized by CHAPS. GTP induced a transition of 75% of the SS and S receptors
      to faster dissociating forms. This transition was accompanied by the release of
      an equal number of receptors from the residue. These effects of GTP required that
      the cAMP receptor was occupied, and were completely reversible. After removal of
      the guanine nucleotide SS and S type receptors reappeared, bound to the residue,
      with a t1/2 of 5-10 min at 0 degrees C. We conclude that a detergent-insoluble
      membrane residue is involved in signal transduction via the chemotactic cAMP
      receptor. Both receptor occupation and a guanine nucleotide binding protein
      control receptor-residue interaction.

PMID- 3372528
TI  - Identification of the hepatocyte Na+-dependent bile acid transport protein using
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been utilized to characterize the hepatocyte Na+
      dependent bile acid transport system. Sinusoidal plasma membrane proteins in the
      49-54-kDa range, which are thought to be components of this transport system,
      based on photo-affinity labeling and reconstitution studies, have been partially
      purified by affinity chromatography and utilized as an immunogen for the
      production of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). One of these mAbs, 25A-3,
      recognized both a 49- and a 54-kDa protein as assessed by immunoprecipitation. In
      addition, it was shown to protect the bile acid transport system from inhibition
      by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) in a dose-dependent
      manner. DIDS covalently labeled membrane proteins of 49 and 54 kDa, and this
      process could be significantly inhibited when performed in the presence of mAb
      25A-3. Furthermore, the DIDS-labeled membrane proteins were immunoprecipitated by
      25A-3. These results establish that one of these membrane components is the bile
      acid carrier protein. Another mAb (25D-1) which immunoprecipitated only a 49-kDa
      protein was shown to block the protective effect of 25A-3 on DIDS inhibition of
      bile acid transport. In addition both antibodies effected each other's binding
      capacity to hepatocytes and reacted with the same 49-kDa protein as established
      by sequential immunoprecipitation. Binding studies indicated that there are
      approximately 3.3 X 10(6) 49-kDa transport molecules/hepatocyte. These results
      firmly establish that the 49-kDa protein is the Na+-dependent hepatocyte bile
      acid transporter.

PMID- 3372529
TI  - Biosynthesis of a novel transformation-sensitive heat-shock protein that binds to
      collagen. Regulation by mRNA levels and in vitro synthesis of a functional
      precursor.
AB  - The synthesis of a major collagen-binding glycoprotein of molecular weight 47,000
      was previously shown to be altered by malignant transformation as well as by heat
      shock in chick embryo fibroblasts (Nagata, K., and Yamada, K.M. (1986) J. Biol.
      Chem. 261, 7531-7536 and Nagata, K., Saga, S., and Yamada, K.M. (1986) J. Cell
      Biol. 103, 223-229). In this paper, we examined the synthesis of this heat shock
      protein (hsp47) in terms of possible functional precursors and its regulation
      after heat shock and transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. Actinomycin D
      inhibited the induction of hsp47 after heat shock. Messenger RNAs purified from
      chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), heat-treated CEF, and transformed CEF were
      analyzed in an in vitro translation system. In vitro translated products readily
      bound to gelatin-Sepharose, and levels were increased after heat shock and
      decreased after transformation. The increase in mRNA after heat shock was shown
      more directly by Northern assay using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. We
      identified two putative precursors of hsp47 using an in vitro
      translation/processing system and tunicamycin: one is a 42-kDa primary
      translation product and the second is a 41-kDa polypeptide lacking signal peptide
      and carbohydrate moieties. Both of these precursors are biologically active as
      determined by gelatin-binding activity, in contrast to the lack of binding
      activity of precursors in several other membrane-associated receptor systems.

PMID- 3372530
TI  - Regulation of human thymidine kinase during the cell cycle.
AB  - As an approach to defining the molecular basis for the periodic expression of
      thymidine kinase activity during the cell cycle, we have examined properties of
      the cytosolic enzyme in cycling HeLa cells synchronized by centrifugal
      elutriation and mitotic selection. By immunoblot analyses with a specific
      antiserum raised against the purified HeLa enzyme, we have demonstrated that
      changes in the levels of thymidine kinase activity reflect similar changes in the
      levels of thymidine kinase polypeptide. In contrast, the steady state levels of
      thymidine kinase mRNA show relatively small changes during the cell cycle. Using
      pulse labeling methods, we have shown that the synthetic rate of thymidine kinase
      protein is about 10-fold greater in S phase than in G1 phase, indicating that the
      efficiency of translation of thymidine kinase mRNA increases as cells begin DNA
      replication. In addition, the stability of thymidine kinase protein dramatically
      decreases upon cell division, resulting in the rapid clearance of the enzyme from
      newly divided G1 cells. Thus, two different post-transcriptional mechanisms
      largely account for the periodic behavior of the enzyme activity during the cell
      cycle.

PMID- 3372531
TI  - Membrane-associated peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase in the heart.
AB  - Recent investigations have shown that the heart atrium is an endocrine tissue. In
      the present studies, high levels of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
      (PAM), which catalyzes the formation of bioactive alpha-amidated peptides from
      their glycine-extended precursors, have been found in particulate fractions from
      bovine and rat heart atrium; only low levels of PAM activity were present in
      soluble fractions. Corresponding fractions from the ventricles contained 20-fold
      less activity. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that PAM was localized
      primarily to atrial cardiocytes, with a distribution resembling that of
      atriopeptin. Following differential centrifugation of rat atrial homogenates,
      most of the PAM activity was associated with crude granule fractions, with lesser
      amounts of activity associated with crude microsomal fractions. Upon further
      subcellular fractionation, PAM activity in the rat atrium was found primarily
      with immunoactive atriopeptin in fractions enriched in secretory granules.
      Following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antisera to
      purified bovine pituitary PAM identified a 113,000-dalton protein in bovine
      atrial microsomes and secretory granules; the protein predicted from the sequence
      of the cDNA encoding bovine pituitary PAM is of similar size (Eipper, B. A.,
      Park, L. P., Dickerson, I. M., Keutmann, H. T., Thiele, E. A., Rodriguez, H.,
      Schofield, P. R., and Mains, R. E. (1987) Mol. Endocrinol. 1, 777-790). Northern
      blot analysis using cDNA probes encoding bovine pituitary PAM demonstrated higher
      levels of PAM mRNA in heart atrium than in anterior pituitary. Rat heart contains
      PAM mRNA species of 3.6 and 3.8 kilobases, the smaller mRNA species corresponding
      in size to the PAM mRNA expressed in rat anterior pituitary.

PMID- 3372532
TI  - Evidence that the requirements for ATP and wheat germ initiation factors 4A and
      4F are affected by a region of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA that is 3' to
      the ribosomal binding site.
AB  - A cDNA containing the complete genome of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV)
      RNA was constructed and cloned into a plasmid vector containing the T7 polymerase
      promotor. A second clone containing the first 54 nucleotides from the 5' end,
      which includes the ribosome binding site, was also constructed. RNAs were
      transcribed from these plasmids (pSTNV1239 and pSTNV54) and tested for their
      ability to bind to wheat germ 40 S ribosomal subunits in the presence of wheat
      germ initiation factors eIF-4A, eIF-4F, eIF-4G, eIF-3, eIF-2, Met-tRNA, ATP, and
      guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imino)triphosphate (GMP-PNP). Maximal binding of the
      STNV RNA transcribed from pSTNV1239 is obtained only in the presence of all the
      initiation factors and ATP. In contrast, close to maximal binding of STNV RNA
      transcribed from pSTNV54 is obtained in the absence of eIF-4A, eIF-4F, eIF-4G,
      and ATP. A series of deletion clones from the 3' end of the STNV cDNA was
      prepared, and the requirements for binding to 40 S ribosomal subunits were
      determined. STNV RNAs containing more than 134 nucleotides from the 5' end
      require eIF-4A, eIF-4F, eIF-4G, and ATP for maximal binding to 40 S ribosomal
      subunits, whereas STNV RNAs containing 86 nucleotides or less no longer require
      ATP and these factors. These findings indicate that a region 3' to the initiation
      codon affects the requirements for eIF-4A, eIF-4F, eIF-4G, and ATP.

PMID- 3372533
TI  - Heterozygosity for a large deletion in the alpha 2(I) collagen gene has a
      dramatic effect on type I collagen secretion and produces perinatal lethal
      osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - We characterized a de novo 4.5 kilobase pair deletion in the paternally derived
      alpha 2(I) collagen allele (COL1A2) from a patient with perinatal lethal
      osteogenesis imperfecta. The intron-to-intron deletion removed the seven exons
      which encode residues 586-765 of the triple helical domain of the chain. Type I
      procollagen molecules that contain the mutant pro-alpha 2(I) chain have a lower
      than normal thermal stability, undergo increased post-translational modification
      amino-terminal to the deletion junction, and are retained within the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum. The block to secretion appears to result from improper
      assembly of the triple helix, apparently a consequence of a disruption of charge
      charge interactions between the shortened pro-alpha 2(I) chain and normal pro
      alpha 1(I) chains. The lethal effect may be due to decreased secretion of normal
      collagen and secretion of a small amount of abnormal collagen that disrupts
      matrix formation.

PMID- 3372534
TI  - Gene expression of rat and human microsomal glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - We have isolated and characterized cDNA clones for both the rat and human liver
      microsomal GSH S-transferase (mGST) mRNAs. The rat sequence is 883 nucleotides
      long with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 55 and 360 nucleotides,
      respectively, and contains two polyadenylation signals. The highest level of mRNA
      expression occurs in the rat liver, with widely varied levels of expression in
      extrahepatic tissues. Primer extension of rat liver poly(A) RNAs showed that only
      12 nucleotides exist beyond the isolated cDNA. Southern blotting analysis of rat
      genomic DNA showed that this gene resides in a single EcoRV band of approximately
      23 (kilobases) kb. Digestions with other restriction enzymes were consistent with
      the microsomal GST gene being a single copy gene with at least 3 exons spanning
      less than 12 kb. Human microsomal GST cDNAs were also characterized, and a 909
      nucleotide sequence was determined with 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of 74 and
      368 nucleotides, respectively. RNA blot hybridization of human liver mRNA
      demonstrated that the human mGST is very similar in size to the rat mGST poly(A)
      RNA. Both the rat and human sequences contain a 154-amino acid reading frame and
      both show the same seven amino acid changes compared to the previously published
      protein sequence which upon reevaluation reveals the cDNA-deduced sequence to be
      correct. These two transcripts share 77% nucleotide similarity in the coding
      region, 47% in the 5'-untranslated regions and 61% in the 3'-untranslated
      regions. The rat and human microsomal GSTs show 95% conservation in amino acids.
      Several lines of evidence suggest that neither transcript contains a membrane
      directing cleavable signal sequence.

PMID- 3372535
TI  - Cotranslational amino-terminal processing of cytosolic proteins. Cell-free
      expression of site-directed mutants of human hemoglobin.
AB  - The diversity of protein structure is significantly enhanced by cotranslational
      and posttranslational modifications. Structural features at the amino terminus
      are especially important contributors to protein function and stability. Amino
      terminal processing of cytosolic proteins includes the cleavage of the initiator
      methionine and N alpha-acetylation. To better understand the rules that govern
      these cotranslational events, site-directed mutants of the human beta-globin gene
      encoding for all 19 amino acid replacements of Val-beta 1 were expressed in a
      cell-free transcription and translation system. The initiator methionine was 100%
      cleaved when the side chain of the adjacent residue was relatively small (radius
      of gyration less than 1.29 A), whereas the initiator methionine was 100% retained
      when the side chain was relatively large. The extent of N alpha-acetylation
      ranged from 0 to 100% depending on the amino-terminal sequence. The experimental
      results in this cell-free system faithfully mimic what occurs in nature as judged
      by the structures of normal and variant human hemoglobins as well as a broad
      spectrum of other cytosolic proteins.

PMID- 3372536
TI  - Identification of a novel 9-kDa polypeptide from nuclear extracts. DNA binding
      properties, primary structure, and in vitro expression.
AB  - Using a modified DNA mobility shift assay, we have identified and purified a
      novel 9-kDa polypeptide (designated p9) from plasmacytoma nuclear extracts which
      forms salt-stable DNA-protein complexes without apparent sequence specificity. In
      competition studies, p9 bound exclusively with naturally occurring DNA relative
      to RNA and preferentially with polydeoxypyrimidines among 10 homopolynucleotides
      tested. Nuclear extracts prepared from various murine and human cell lines
      contained a common factor which, when cross-linked with photoreactive [32P]DNA,
      co-migrated with covalent [32P]DNA-p9 complexes on polyacrylamide gels. An
      oligonucleotide, constructed on the basis of the N-terminal 29 amino acid
      residues of p9, was employed to isolate a 700-base pair cDNA clone encoding the
      complete polypeptide. On Northern blots, p9 cDNA hybridized with a mRNA species
      of comparable size from both mouse and human cell lines, suggesting a significant
      degree of interspecies sequence conservation. Amino acid and cDNA sequence
      analyses demonstrated that p9 derives from the 77-residue C-terminal domain of a
      14-kDa polypeptide comprised of 127 amino acids. DNA binding activity was
      exhibited by peptides synthesized in vitro from run-off RNA transcripts
      corresponding to the truncated 9-kDa C-terminal domain, but not to the 14-kDa
      precursor, implicating proteolysis as a post-translational mechanism required for
      functional activation of p9.

PMID- 3372537
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the A and B chain genes of platelet-derived growth
      factor in microvascular endothelial cells.
AB  - Platelet-derived growth factor is expressed as dimers of two homologous
      polypeptide chains, termed A and B, encoded by different genes. A and B chain
      mRNA levels in microvascular endothelial cells are increased by phorbol ester,
      thrombin, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and are reduced by
      agents that elevate cyclic AMP. In this report, we investigated the effects of
      these regulatory agents on A and B chain transcription rates. By nuclear run-on
      analysis, TGF-beta stimulated transcription of both A and B chain genes. Thrombin
      and phorbol ester stimulated B chain transcription and had little or no
      detectable effect on A chain transcription. Pretreatment of cultures with 50
      microM forskolin, a potent activator of adenylyl cyclase, completely blocked B
      chain transcription by thrombin and TGF-beta, but did not inhibit A chain
      transcription induced by TGF-beta. These results show that expression of platelet
      derived growth factor mRNA involves both positive and negative transcriptional
      regulation and that there are differences in the transcriptional control of the A
      and B chain genes.

PMID- 3372538
TI  - A far upstream ovalbumin enhancer binds nuclear factor-1-like factor.
AB  - Band-shifting and DNase I footprinting analyses detected a specific DNA binding
      protein extracted from oviduct nuclei that binds to the ovalbumin gene 5'
      sequence between -1094 and -1125. This "-1100" fragment, when inserted upstream
      of the SV40 or ovalbumin promoters fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
      reporter gene, enhances chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity 5-10-fold
      following transfection into CV1 cells. The sequence to which the oviduct factor
      binds contains a nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) half-site (GCCAA). An oligonucleotide
      matching the sequence of the adenovirus NF-1 binding site competed for binding to
      the -1100 footprinted region with a higher affinity than an oligonucleotide for
      the -1100 region itself. Similarly, the -1100 region oligonucleotide also
      competes for binding of the factor to the NF-1 oligonucleotide. These data
      suggest that the oviduct factor which binds to the -1100 region is an NF-1-like
      protein that serves as a steroid hormone-independent enhancer of the ovalbumin
      gene transcription.

PMID- 3372539
TI  - The hypochylomicronemic effect of beta,beta'-methyl-substituted hexadecanedioic
      acid (MEDICA 16) is mediated by a decrease in apolipoprotein C-III.
AB  - Treatment of rats fed a balanced Purina Chow diet with beta,beta'-tetramethyl
      substituted hexadecanedioic acid (MEDICA 16) (Bar-Tana, J., Rose-Kahn, G., and
      Srebnik, M. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 8404-8410) resulted in an acute 70-80%
      decrease in plasma chylomicrons-triacylglycerols which was sustained as long as
      the drug was administered. The hypochylomicronemic effect resulted from an
      enhanced plasma clearance of chylomicrons whereas their intestinal production and
      absorption remained unaffected. Chylomicrons-triacylglycerols clearance in MEDICA
      16-treated rats was characterized by a fast initial phase lasting for 1-2 min and
      consisting of elimination of 50-60% of the injected chylomicrons' tracer at a
      fractional clearance rate of 0.77 +/- 0.27 min-1 as compared to 0.08 +/- 0.01 min
      1 in nontreated rats. The fractional clearance rate of chylomicrons-cholesterol
      ester was similarly affected by MEDICA 16 treatment and amounted to 0.48 +/- 0.05
      and 0.05 +/- 0.01 min-1 in MEDICA 16-treated and nontreated rats, respectively.
      The increased fractional clearance rate of plasma chylomicrons in MEDICA 16
      treated rats presumably reflects the primary action of the drug rather than being
      secondary to the hypochylomicronemic state, since it was similarly observed in
      MEDICA 16-treated animals made transiently normolipemic by loading them with
      intestinal lipid. The increase in the fractional clearance rate of plasma
      chylomicrons resulted from their enhanced uptake by the liver complemented with
      their activated extrahepatic catabolism. The activation of both catabolic modes
      in MEDICA 16-treated rats could be accounted for by a 10-fold decrease in the
      apoC-III content of plasma chylomicrons. No increase was observed in hepatic
      apoB,E or apoE receptors, nor in the maximal capacity of lipoprotein lipase. The
      pharmacological reduction of plasma apoC-III may thus offer a treatment mode of
      choice for selected hyperlipidemic states.

PMID- 3372540
TI  - Two cell surface proteins bind the sponge Microciona prolifera aggregation
      factor.
AB  - Two extracellular matrix cell surface proteins which bind the proteoglycan-like
      aggregation factor from the marine sponge Microciona prolifera (MAF) and which
      may function as physiological receptors for MAF were identified and characterized
      for the first time. By probing nitrocellulose blots of nonreducing sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gels containing whole sponge cell protein with iodinated MAF, a 210- and
      a 68-kDa protein, which have native molecular masses of approximately 200-400 and
      70 kDa, were identified. MAF binding to blots is species-specific. It is also
      sensitive to reduction and is completely abolished by pretreatment of live cells
      with proteases, as was cellular aggregation, indicating that the 210- and 68-kDa
      proteins may be located on the cell surface. The additional observations that the
      68 kDa is an endoglycosidase F-sensitive glycoprotein and that antisera against
      whole sponge cells or membranes can immunoprecipitate the 210 kDa when prebound
      to intact cells are consistent with a cell surface location. Both proteins can be
      isolated from sponge cell membranes and from the sponge skeleton (insoluble
      extracellular matrix), but the 210-kDa MAF-binding protein can also be found in
      the soluble extracellular matrix (buffer washes of cells and skeleton) as well. A
      third MAF-binding protein of molecular mass 95 kDa was also found in the sponge
      extracellular matrix but rarely on cells. Both of the cell-associated 210- and 68
      kDa proteins are nonintegral membrane proteins, based on Triton X-114 phase
      separation, flotation of liposomes containing sponge membrane lysates, and their
      extraction from membranes by buffer washes. Both proteins bind MAF affinity
      resins, indicating that they each exhibit a moderate affinity for MAF under
      native conditions. They can also be separated from each other and from the bulk
      of the protein in an octylpolyoxyethylene extract of membranes by fast protein
      liquid chromatography Mono Q anion exchange chromatography, as assessed by native
      dot blot and denaturing Western blot assays. Although neither protein bound to
      heparin, gelatin, hexosamine, or uronic acid-Sepharose resins, their affinity for
      an invertebrate proteoglycan, their roles in sponge cell adhesion, and their
      peripheral membrane protein natures suggest that they may represent early
      invertebrate analogs of cell-associated vertebrate extracellular matrix adhesion
      proteins, such as fibronectin or vitronectin, or else an entirely novel set of
      cell adhesion molecules.

PMID- 3372541
TI  - Gene expression in mineralizing chick epiphyseal cartilage.
AB  - To map transcriptional events associated with mineralization in developing long
      bones, we have established protocols for preparing RNA from regions of chick
      epiphyseal cartilage. Using these RNA preparations, we have probed for appearance
      of mRNA coding for type I, II, and X collagen, as well as osteonectin and
      calmodulin. Type II collagen mRNA was found in proliferating cartilage and, in
      lower amounts, in hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage. Type X mRNA was absent from
      proliferating cartilage and present in hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage at
      steady state levels slightly lower than that of type II mRNA. Type I mRNA was the
      major collagen mRNA species in endochondral bone; however, significant amounts of
      type X mRNA were also found. Examination of type X/type II ratios suggest that
      the cells producing type X mRNA in bone are different from those in the
      hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage region. Osteonectin mRNA was present in
      endochondral bone; however, significant amounts were also detected in
      precalcified cartilage. Indeed, the level of osteonectin mRNA was significantly
      higher in the resting/proliferating region than in the hypertrophic/calcifying
      region of the cartilage. No correlation was observed between calmodulin mRNA and
      the development of mineralization; levels of this message were slightly lower in
      endochondral bone, embryonic sterna, and calvaria than they were in chick liver
      and considerably lower than the calmodulin mRNA levels in chick brain.

PMID- 3372542
TI  - Stimulation of 32Pi transport into human erythrocyte ghosts and reconstituted
      vesicles by Mg2+ and hemoglobin.
AB  - Human erythrocyte ghosts catalyze a low rate of 32Pi uptake. A severalfold
      stimulation of 32Pi uptake was observed after exposure of the membranes to an
      erythrocyte lysate or to hemoglobin in the presence of Mg2+. Ghosts prepared from
      erythrocytes that had been exposed to 10 microM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid showed a marked reduction in 32Pi uptake. Reconstitution of
      membranes with added phospholipids by freezing and thawing, by octylglucoside
      dilution or by cholate dialysis, yielded vesicles that catalyzed 32Pi uptake.
      When membranes were incubated with hemoglobin and Mg2+ prior to reconstitution,
      the rate of uptake was increased severalfold. The inhibition of hemoglobin and
      Mg2+-dependent uptake of 32Pi by chloride suggests that the transport in the
      reconstituted vesicles is catalyzed by the classical inorganic anion transporter.

PMID- 3372543
TI  - The preparation of international reference materials for biological substances.

PMID- 3372544
TI  - Studies on yellow fever vaccine. II--Stability of the reconstituted product.
AB  - This work evaluated the stability of diluted yellow fever vaccine in order to
      determine conditions that maintain the minimum of 3 log10 of 17D virus per human
      dose as required by WHO. The vaccines were held at 0 degrees C or at 37 degrees C
      and were diluted either with distilled water, with 0.15 M saline or with 0.15 M
      PBS at pH 5.5, 7.2 and 8.0. In a next step, stabilizer substances such as gelatin
      and peptone were added to the vaccines. Dilution of the vaccines in distilled
      water maintained the virus titre for up to three hours at 37 degrees C and this
      diluent has been adopted for routine use in Brazil.

PMID- 3372545
TI  - Studies on yellow fever vaccine. III--Dose response in volunteers.
AB  - Standard and stabilized yellow fever (YF) vaccines were compared on the basis of
      the serological responses of human volunteers to varying doses of vaccine
      measured as pfu or LD50. The addition of stabilizer substances to bulk vaccine
      did not affect the immunogenicity and stabilized vaccine gave a consistently good
      performance. The vaccine fulfilled WHO recommendations in inducing 100%
      serological conversion in volunteers given about 200 pfu or 600 LD50.

PMID- 3372546
TI  - Deconvoluted X-ray diffraction analysis of bone and mixtures of bone and
      particulate hydroxyapatite.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that bone phosphate exists almost entirely as
      hydroxyapatite (HA). The relative deficiency of calcium and presence of
      substantial HPO2-4 in bone phosphate indicates modification of the ideal HA
      structure, however. An inability to resolve closely spaced lines in fine grained
      materials, coupled with the limited periodicity of the thin mineral crystals of
      bone have prevented definitive characterization of the structure of bone mineral
      using standard X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. We have applied computer
      deconvolution XRD techniques to aid in the resolution of component overlapped
      profiles from bone, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) and mixtures of bone and
      synthetic HA resulting from implantation studies. In the course of this
      resolution process separate profiles were resolved from the (002) profile of bone
      derived HA. The ratio of integrated intensities of these profiles to the
      intensity of the profile of synthetic HA appears to provide an approximate
      measure of the ratio of bone to synthetic HA in a given sample. The finding of
      shoulders on the (002) peak of bone provides the basis for resolution into
      separate profiles. The asymmetry of these shoulders in mature bone cannot be
      attributed to crystallinity, particle size, or computer artifact. The same
      finding has been previously reported in hydrolyzed, deproteinated bone. Further
      work will be needed to resolve the question of whether the structural
      heterogeneity implied by profile geometry is the result of multiple HA phases,
      surface layer structure involving hydrolysis and calcium absences, or some other
      factor.

PMID- 3372548
TI  - Regulation of orthopedic devices.

PMID- 3372547
TI  - Wear, creep, and frictional heating of femoral implant articulating surfaces and
      the effect on long-term performance--Part II, Friction, heating, and torque.
AB  - In Part I, (J.A. Davidson and G. Schwartz, "Wear, creep, and frictional heating
      of femoral implant articulating surfaces and the effect on long-term performance-
      Part I, A review," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 21, 000-000 (1987) it was shown that
      lubrication of the artificial hip joint was complex and that long-term
      performance is governed by the combined wear, creep, and to a lesser extent,
      oxidation degradation of the articulating materials. Importantly, it was shown
      that a tendency for heating exists during articulation in the hip joint and that
      elevated temperatures can increase the wear, creep, and oxidation degradation
      rate of UHMWPE. The present study was performed to examine closely the propensity
      to generate heat during articulation in a hip joint simulator. The systems
      investigated were polished Co-Cr-Mo alloy articulating against UHMWPE, polished
      alumina ceramic against UHMWPE, and polished alumina against itself. Frictional
      torque was also evaluated for each system at various levels of applied loads. A
      walking load history was used in both the frictional heating and torque tests.
      The majority of tests were performed with 5 mL of water lubricant. However, the
      effect of various concentrations of hyaluronic acid was also evaluated. Results
      showed frictional heating to occur in all three systems, reaching an equilibrium
      after roughly 30 min articulation time. Ceramic systems showed reduced levels of
      heating compared to the cobalt alloy-UHMWPE system. The level of frictional
      torque for each system ranked similar to their respective tendencies to generate
      heat. Hyaluronic acid had little effect, while dry conditions and the presence of
      small quantities of bone cement powder in water lubricant significantly increased
      frictional torque.

PMID- 3372549
TI  - Endothelialization of polymer surfaces.
AB  - The role that substrate surface properties play in influencing the extent of
      endothelialization of polymer surfaces has been investigated. For a wide range of
      polymer surfaces, the degree of endothelialization for both porcine and bovine
      endothelial cells is directly related to polymer surface tension: increased
      endothelialization occurring with increasing substrate surface tension. As a
      result of adsorption of the proteins in the culture media, the surface properties
      of the polymers are altered considerably. The protein-coated polymers were
      characterized by means of liquid-liquid contact angle measurements under non
      denaturing conditions. A striking correlation is observed between the degree of
      endothelialization and the measured dextran contact angle. The degree of
      endothelial cell spreading is not related to polymer surface tension. Cell
      morphology and extracellular matrix production, however, are influenced by
      substrate surface properties.

PMID- 3372550
TI  - The effect of post-sintering heat treatments on the fatigue properties of porous
      coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
AB  - Porous coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant systems provide a biocompatible interface
      between implant and bone, resulting in firm fixation and potential long-term
      retention via bony ingrowth. In order to achieve an acceptable porous coating
      structure, the sintering protocol for Ti-6Al-4V alloy systems often requires that
      the material be heat treated above the beta transus. This transforms the as
      received equiaxed microstructure, recommended for surgical implants, to a
      lamellar alpha-beta distribution, which has been shown to have the worst fatigue
      properties of the most common structures attainable in Ti-6Al-4V alloy. However,
      post-sintering heat treatments may be used to improve these properties by
      producing microstructures more resistant to crack initiation and propagation.
      This study investigated the influence of microstructural variations on the
      fatigue properties of porous coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy material. Nonporous coated
      and porous coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy fatigue specimens were subjected to a standard
      sintering heat treatment to produce a lamellar microstructure. In addition, two
      post-sintering heat treatments were used to produce coarse and fine acicular
      microstructures. Rotating beam (reversed bending) fatigue testing was performed
      and the endurance limits determined for the noncoated and porous coated
      microstructures. The values determined were 668 MPa (noncoated as-received
      equiaxed), 394 MPa (noncoated lamellar), 488 MPa (non-coated coarse acicular),
      494 MPa (noncoated fine acicular), 140 MPa (porous coated lamellar), 161 MPa
      (porous coated coarse acicular), and 162 MPa (porous coated fine acicular). The
      noncoated coarse and fine acicular specimens displayed an approximate 25%
      increase over the noncoated lamellar specimens. The porous coated coarse and fine
      acicular specimens showed an approximate 15% improvement over the porous coated
      lamellar specimens.

PMID- 3372551
TI  - Development of Ni-4 wt.% Si thermoseeds for hyperthermia cancer treatment.
AB  - Ferromagnetic alloys, used in the form of "thermoseeds" for surgical
      implantation, have been developed and used to induce localized hyperthermia in
      cancerous growths. Alloys of nickel with approx. 4 wt.% Si were chosen for this
      study because they have Curie temperatures in the desired range of 45-60 degrees
      C. The thermoseeds were prepared by using either a special casting technique or
      casting and swaging followed by homogenization. The effects of these different
      processing schedules on the magnetic behavior of these alloys are discussed. In
      particular, the importance of minimizing oxidation during melting and heat
      treating, and the effects of homogenizing the thermoseeds on the relative
      permeability at temperatures near the Curie temperature are pointed out. The best
      processing schedule is casting small ingots while avoiding oxidation, followed by
      swaging, drawing, and homogenization. Actual induction heating experiments and
      the results from magnetization tests indicate that Ni-4 wt.% Si alloys prepared
      in this manner can be used as thermoseeds with predictable Curie temperatures.
      These thermoseeds can be used to obtain nearly uniform and constant temperatures
      in tumors with variable blood flows.

PMID- 3372552
TI  - In vitro and in vivo metal ion release.
AB  - A series of experiments was conducted to study in vitro and in vivo metal ion
      release and the urine excretion of metal ions. Metal salts were injected and
      urine analyzed. Anodic potentials were applied to stainless steel and cobalt
      chromium-molybdenum (CCM) specimens to cause an acceleration of corrosion rates.
      Corrosion experiments were done in saline, 10% serum and in a subcutaneous space
      in hamsters. Corrosion rates were determined by measurements of weight loss and
      calculations of net charge transfer. Metal ion concentrations were determined
      with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, and were calculated from
      total charge using Faraday's law. The results with stainless steel showed that
      the weight loss and metal ion release from stainless steel in vitro and in vivo
      can be calculated using Faraday's Law, assuming release in proportion to alloy
      composition. The results with CCM indicated that release rates in vitro can be
      used to determine the proportionality of release in vivo. All the nickel and most
      of the cobalt was rapidly excreted, while less than 50% of the chromium was
      excreted. The excretion of metals following salt injection or in vivo corrosion
      were very similar.

PMID- 3372553
TI  - Cellular morphology and distribution on a stretching blood-material interface.
AB  - In order to investigate the interactions of cellular elements and protein on
      constantly deforming (fatiguing) blood contact surfaces, a series of ex vivo
      canine arteriovenous shunt experiments were conducted. While fresh blood was
      flowing through Silastic tubing shunts, portions of the tubing were stretched 20
      to 60% at a frequency of 20 to 90 cycles per minute for 10 to 90 min. The
      surfaces of the tubing that were stretched were compared with control tubing
      surfaces taken from the arterial side of the test segment using scanning electron
      microscopy and interference phase contrast microscopy. Approximately the same
      number of platelets were deposited on the stretched as on the unstretched
      portions of the tubing in the ten minute experiments. On the control portions of
      the tubing, the platelets were deposited singly and uniformly in what appeared to
      be a fairly inactivated state. On the stretched tubing, more pseudopod extension
      and aggregation was observed. In these preliminary experiments, no differences
      were noted as a function of frequency of stretch. As the blood contact time and
      the percent stretch were increased, only nonuniform, scattered aggregations of
      platelets, and platelets mingled with fibrin were seen. Significant numbers of
      spread white blood cells were observed on many of the segments of Silastic tubing
      stretched 20% for as short a time as 15 min. Granulocytes have occasionally been
      reported on less hemocompatible biomaterials after exposure to canine blood. This
      helps to confirm that substrate stretching of 20-60% had an adverse effect on the
      blood compatibility of the Siliastic tubing.

PMID- 3372554
TI  - Socket design and cement pressurisation in the Charnley low-friction
      arthroplasty.
AB  - An experimental evaluation was made of the efficacy of an unflanged cup, an ogee
      flanged cup and the Exeter pressuriser in the pressurisation of acetabular
      cement. Only a very modest injection pressure could be generated through an
      unflanged socket and even this was readily lost as the socket "bottomed out". The
      ogee-flanged socket gave a consistently high injection pressure which could be
      maintained throughout the process of polymerisation. The Exeter pressuriser gave
      marginally better results. Of the two cements tested, Palacos with gentamicin
      showed better intrusion than CMW Type 1 cement, but it also allowed greater
      extrusion once pressure was released. The importance of maintaining a continuous
      pressure on the cement throughout polymerisation is emphasised.

PMID- 3372555
TI  - Low friction arthroplasty for old quiescent infection of the hip.
AB  - We report the results of low friction arthroplasty in 72 old tuberculous hips and
      42 hips with old quiescent septic arthritis. Follow-up was for a minimum of two
      years. Recrudescence of tuberculosis was seen in only one patient, but deep
      infection occurred in four of the hips with previous septic arthritis. The
      reasons for this are discussed. It is recommended that patients with old
      tuberculous hips should have a course of anti-tuberculous drugs before operation,
      that patients with previous septic infection should have prophylactic antibiotics
      and antibiotic-loaded cement and that the operation should be performed by an
      experienced surgeon.

PMID- 3372556
TI  - Loosening of the porous coating in total knee replacement.
AB  - We reviewed 40 cementless Porous Coated Anatomic knee replacements in 34
      consecutive patients. The average follow-up was 12.9 months (range 6 to 36
      months). At review, loose beads were identified in 23 knees, in 11 on the femoral
      side and in 16 on the tibial side (in five knees on both sides). One loose bead
      was adjacent to the patella. In four knees there were intra-articular beads.
      Radiolucent lines at the interface between bone and prosthesis were seen in 19
      knees, in six on the femoral side and in 16 on the tibial side (in three knees on
      both sides). In relation to the tibial component loose beads were associated with
      a radiolucent line in all except one case. Progressive loosening with an
      increasing number of loose beads was seen in three knees. At this early stage of
      follow-up there was no correlation between the clinical results and the presence
      of loose beads.

PMID- 3372557
TI  - Fractures of the femur in relation to cemented hip prostheses.
AB  - We have reviewed the results of treating 75 fractures of the proximal femoral
      shaft in the presence of a cemented femoral prosthesis. A simple radiographic
      classification into four types is proposed, and suggestions are made on the
      appropriate management of each. Comminuted fractures around the implant need
      early revision, whilst spiral fractures in this region may be treated
      conservatively or by operation. Transverse fractures at the level of the tip of
      the prosthesis are difficult to manage, and may require open reduction and
      internal fixation.

PMID- 3372558
TI  - Fibroblastic healing of grade II ligament injuries. Histological and mechanical
      studies in the sheep.
AB  - A method is described which produces an isolated Grade II injury in the medial
      collateral ligament of the sheep's knee. The untreated injury was followed in 32
      animals for up to six weeks. Histology revealed progressive healing of the
      lesions by a cellular response mediated by fibrocytes rather than by the
      classically described inflammatory response. Mechanical testing showed that the
      tensile strength of the ligament was initially reduced to 13% of normal but that
      strength and compliance were regained after six weeks.

PMID- 3372559
TI  - The strength of artificial ligament anchorages. A comparative experimental study.
AB  - This study aimed to compare the holding strength of various commercially
      available anchorage devices for artificial ligaments, so that surgeons might make
      a reasoned choice. Tensile tests to failure were performed on screws, bollards,
      toggles and staples which had been implanted into cadaveric bones. The holding
      strength of all devices correlated significantly with the local thickness of
      cortical bone, so it is recommended that anchorages should be placed away from
      the joint line, into diaphyseal bone if possible. A new trans-cortical grommet
      was developed which, when used around an AO screw, had significantly greater
      holding strength than the other devices.

PMID- 3372560
TI  - Traumatic haemarthrosis of the knee.
AB  - We have investigated a prospective series of 100 acute traumatic haemarthroses of
      the knee in a general non-athletic population. All the patients had normal
      radiographs and an aspiration which confirmed the haemarthrosis, before
      undergoing ligament testing and an arthroscopic examination under anaesthesia.
      Only one patient had no serious pathology; in the other 99 a total of 193 lesions
      were recorded. Thirty knees had only one isolated lesion, 69 had combined
      lesions. This study confirms the serious nature of an acute traumatic
      haemarthrosis of the knee, even in non-athletic patients.

PMID- 3372561
TI  - Lateral substitution for chronic isolated anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.
AB  - Thirty-five patients who had been surgically treated for major symptomatic
      isolated chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency by lateral extra-articular
      reconstruction alone were reviewed at an average of five years after operation.
      Seventy-seven per cent of patients reviewed were improved subjectively, and 83%
      of patients who were examined had objective evidence of only minor instability or
      none at follow-up. However, only a few patients had "normal" knees and many
      continued to have minor symptoms of instability with some restriction of
      activity. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in patients with significant
      chondral pathology at the time of reconstruction. While an extra-articular pivot
      shift repair did not correct all the symptoms and signs completely, most patients
      were improved subjectively and objectively, and there were few complications.

PMID- 3372562
TI  - Plaster support after Wilson's osteotomy for hallux valgus.
AB  - In a five-year period, 153 feet in 101 patients were treated by a Wilson's
      osteotomy of the first metatarsal for hallux valgus. Postoperative support was
      provided by either a below-knee or a forefoot plaster, and was continued for
      either three weeks or six weeks. The results showed overall success in 91% with
      no significant difference between the four groups. We suggest that a forefoot
      plaster for three weeks is adequate support after a Wilson's osteotomy.

PMID- 3372563
TI  - Habitual dislocation of the patella in flexion.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with habitual dislocation of the patella in flexion were
      reviewed; eight were bilaterally affected. Each had undergone quadricepsplasty
      with an average follow-up of 6 years 9 months. Bands or contractures, most
      commonly in vastus lateralis, the iliotibial tract and rectus femoris were seen
      in each. Redislocation was seen in 12 knees. At review, 79% of the knees were
      normal. Quadriceps lengthening is an essential part of treatment and must be
      performed proximally. Causes for failure include reformation of contractures and
      failure to correct the initial abnormality fully.

PMID- 3372564
TI  - Joint laxity in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis.
AB  - Joint laxity was quantified by measuring the distance from the thumb tip to the
      forearm during passive apposition in 500 normal Southern Chinese women. Joint
      laxity was found to have a normal distribution throughout the population and to
      decrease with age. When 109 Chinese girls with idiopathic adolescent scoliosis
      were similarly tested they were found to have significantly more laxity,
      suggesting that the two conditions are associated.

PMID- 3372565
TI  - The management of congenital dislocation of the hip in the newborn.
AB  - We describe the results of a policy of highly selective splintage for CDH, using
      knee plasters. No child suffered because splintage was withheld. In those who
      were treated the results were satisfactory and the proportion who required a
      subsequent operation was extremely low. Avascular necrosis was not a significant
      problem. The method, although a little more time consuming, appears to offer
      significant advantages over current alternatives.

PMID- 3372566
TI  - Spondylolysis in osteopetrosis.
AB  - We report the occurrence of spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis of the lumbar
      vertebrae in five patients with osteopetrosis, four of them having multiple
      lesions. The case histories indicate that spondylolysis had developed in the
      pathological bone as a result of increased stress and that it is an acquired
      lesion.

PMID- 3372567
TI  - Open reduction of the severely slipped upper femoral epiphysis.
AB  - The results of open reduction of the severely slipped upper femoral epiphysis are
      reported for 115 hips with an average follow-up of 12 years 11 months (range 2 to
      33 years). In 70 hips with a chronic slip and an open growth plate the incidence
      of complications was low: two developed avascular necrosis, five chondrolysis,
      and one had both. There were more complications in the 38 hips with an acute-on
      chronic slip: six developed avascular necrosis, one chondrolysis, and three had
      both. Of the seven hips operated upon with a partially fused plate, only one did
      well. All these complications were obvious within the first year but there were
      also three hips in the series in which osteoarthritis developed between 10 and 20
      years after operation.

PMID- 3372568
TI  - Salmonella virchow osteomyelitis. A case report.
AB  - A case of salmonella osteomyelitis of the spine complicated by meningitis after
      needle biopsy is described. The importance of obtaining definitive
      bacteriological diagnosis in bone infection is emphasised and the changing
      pattern of salmonella infection discussed.

PMID- 3372569
TI  - Spinal pseudarthrosis in ankylosing spondylitis. Clinicopathological correlation
      and the results of anterior spinal fusion.
AB  - We reviewed 40 extensive destructive vertebral lesions in 35 patients with
      established ankylosing spondylitis. Of these, 31 had presented with localised
      pain while three had a neurological deficit. The radiographs suggested ununited
      fractures through either ankylosed discs (37) or vertebral bodies (3).
      Corresponding fractures were seen in the posterior column in 34 cases. Sixteen
      patients with 18 lesions underwent anterior spinal fusion, and pseudarthrosis was
      consistently proven by histopathology. Two pseudarthroses healed in
      conservatively treated patients. Thirteen of the operated patients were followed
      for an average of 7 years 7 months. There were two cases of non-union and one
      required an additional posterior fusion; in the remainder fusion was sound.

PMID- 3372570
TI  - Radiographs in shoulder trauma.
AB  - It is difficult to establish the diagnosis of an injured shoulder if only one
      radiographic projection is used. We have compared two lateral projections, the
      Neer trans-scapular and the apical oblique in 80 patients; the radiographs were
      presented randomly to 10 casualty officers and nine radiologists. The apical
      oblique view was found to permit more accurate diagnosis of fractures and of
      dislocation by both groups.

PMID- 3372571
TI  - The mechanism of clavicular fracture. A clinical and biomechanical analysis.
AB  - A consecutive series of 150 patients with clavicular fractures is presented. In
      81% detailed information regarding the mechanism of the injury was available and,
      of these, 94% had fractured their clavicle from a direct blow on the shoulder;
      only 6% had fallen on the outstretched hand. This finding, at variance with
      commonly held views regarding the mechanism of this injury, was further
      investigated by biomechanical analysis of the forces involved in clavicular
      fractures. The biomechanical model supported the clinical findings.

PMID- 3372572
TI  - Predicting amputation in severe ischaemia. The value of transcutaneous PO2
      measurement.
AB  - The predictive value of the pedal transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and of
      the distal systolic blood pressure (SBP) in forecasting the necessity for later
      amputation has been studied in 26 patients suffering from severe chronic
      ischaemia of the lower limbs. In all these patients vascular surgery had failed
      or not been possible, and they were threatened by amputation; they suffered from
      trophic lesions, or pain at rest, or both. The great toe SBP averaged 10 mmHg
      (range 0 to 60 mmHg) and the pedal tcPO2 10 mmHg (range 2 to 45 mmHg). After six
      minutes of oxygen inhalation there was an increase in pedal tcPO2 of 9 mmHg (0 to
      50 mmHg). After a follow-up period averaging 7 months (range 10 days to 13
      months), 13 patients underwent an amputation and nine (five of whom had been
      amputated) died. The great toe SBP in the patients who required amputation was
      initially lower than in those who did not. The pedal tcPO2 also was lower in
      amputated than in non-amputated patients. There was no amputation in the group
      showing an increase of at least 10 mmHg after six minutes of oxygen inhalation;
      and conversely, all patients in whom the pedal tcPO2 increased less than 10 mmHg
      were amputated. Thus increase in the pedal tcPO2 after oxygen inhalation appears
      the best criterion for estimating the prognosis of severely ischaemic limbs.

PMID- 3372573
TI  - Posterior interosseous nerve palsy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Bilateral posterior interosseous nerve palsy in a rheumatoid patient is
      described. Six previous case reports and our experience indicate that steroid
      injection into the elbow may not produce lasting recovery and may lead to
      unacceptable delay before surgical decompression. An anterolateral approach for
      division of the arcade of Frohse is effective in cases with diffuse synovitis;
      where there is a local cystic swelling a posterolateral approach provides better
      access. Good recovery of nerve function can be expected after early operation.

PMID- 3372574
TI  - Lengthening of the calcaneal tendon in spastic hemiplegia by the White slide
      technique. A long-term review.
AB  - For equinus deformity in spastic hemiplegia, correction by the White slide
      technique has been studied in a group of 35 patients followed up for 14 to 20
      years. It is a simple, effective method of lengthening the calcaneal tendon, and
      is free from significant complications with an acceptable rate of recurrent
      deformity. The majority of patients achieved a heel-toe gait.

PMID- 3372575
TI  - Lateral instability of the ankle treated by the Evans procedure. A long-term
      clinical and radiological follow-up.
AB  - We have reviewed 42 of 52 consecutive patients at an average of 14 years after a
      tenodesis based on Evans' operation performed for chronic lateral instability of
      the ankle. Only 21 patients (50%) had satisfactory long-term functional results,
      and 12 patients with satisfactory early results had deteriorated after three to
      six years. Stress radiographs were used to measure anterior talar translation and
      talar tilt, and a good correlation was found between function and mechanical
      stability. Talar tilt had been controlled more successfully than anterior
      translation. Marginal osteophytes were found in most ankles, and were larger and
      more numerous in those with the greatest instability.

PMID- 3372576
TI  - Neuroarthropathy of the foot in leprosy.
AB  - Among 449 patients with leprosy, 40 had clinical and radiographic evidence of
      neuroarthropathy in 50 feet. These changes were classified into four types
      according to the joints first involved by major lesions: ankle (25 feet),
      midtarsal (15 feet), tarsometatarsal (7 feet) and subtalar (3 feet). The
      progression of joint destruction was different in each type, but despite the
      severe destructive changes seen in radiographs, the patients had relatively few
      complaints. The muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve were severely paralysed
      in ankle and midtarsal types and it seems that, over a long term, repeated trauma
      and/or abnormal stress may lead to these types of neuroarthropathy. Neuropathy
      was less severe in the tarsometatarsal type of joint degeneration; the
      pathogenesis in this type seemed to be mainly direct trauma to the forefoot.

PMID- 3372577
TI  - Is the measurement of angles on radiographs accurate? Brief report.

PMID- 3372578
TI  - A test for ankle instability: brief report.

PMID- 3372579
TI  - Intracranial air after injury to the cervical spine: brief report.

PMID- 3372580
TI  - Total hip replacement in a Charcot joint: brief report.

PMID- 3372581
TI  - Normal variations in radiographs of the clavicle: brief report.

PMID- 3372582
TI  - Entrapment of extensor tendons in a Smith's fracture: brief report.

PMID- 3372583
TI  - Mechanism of fracture-dislocation of the navicular: brief report.

PMID- 3372584
TI  - Triple arthrodesis for paralytic valgus--a modified technique: brief report.

PMID- 3372585
TI  - A cytochemical study of the transcriptional and translational regulation of
      nuclear transition protein 1 (TP1), a major chromosomal protein of mammalian
      spermatids.
AB  - Immunocytochemical localization and in situ hybridization techniques were used to
      investigate the presence of spermatid nuclear transition protein 1 (TP1) and its
      mRNA during the various stages of spermatogenesis in the rat. A specific
      antiserum to TP1 was raised in a rabbit and used to show that TP1 is
      immunologically crossreactive among many mammals including humans. During
      spermatogenesis the protein appears in spermatids as they progress from step 12
      to step 13, a period in which nuclear condensation is underway. The protein is
      lost during step 15. An asymmetric RNA probe generated from a TP1 cDNA clone
      identified TP1 mRNA in late round spermatids beginning in step 7. The message
      could no longer be detected in spermatids of step 15 or beyond. Thus, TP1 mRNA
      first appears well after meiosis in haploid cells but is not translated
      effectively for the several days required for these cells to progress to the
      stage of chromatin condensation. Message and then protein disappear as the
      spermatids enter step 15. In agreement with a companion biochemical study
      (Heidaran, M.A., and W.S. Kistler. J. Biol. Chem. 1987. 262:13309-13315), these
      results establish that translational control is involved in synthesis of this
      major spermatid nuclear protein. In addition, they suggest that TP1 plays a role
      in the completion but not the initiation of chromatin condensation in elongated
      spermatids.

PMID- 3372586
TI  - The function of the nuclear envelope in nuclear protein accumulation.
AB  - The mechanism by which proteins accumulate in the cell nucleus is not yet known.
      Two alternative mechanisms are discussed here: (a) selective unidirectional entry
      of karyophilic proteins through the nuclear pores, and (b) free diffusion of all
      proteins through the nuclear pores and specific binding of nuclear proteins to
      nondiffusible components of the nucleoplasm. We present experiments designed to
      distinguish between these alternatives. After mechanical injury of the Xenopus
      oocyte nuclear envelope, nuclear proteins were detected in the cytoplasm by
      immunohistochemical methods. In a second approach, nuclei from X. borealis
      oocytes were isolated under oil, the nuclear envelopes were removed, and the pure
      nucleoplasm was injected into the vegetal pole of X. laevis oocytes. With
      immunohistochemical methods, it was found that each of five nuclear proteins
      rapidly diffuses out of the injected nucleoplasm into the surrounding cytoplasm.
      The subsequent transport and accumulation in the intact host nucleus could be
      shown for the nuclear protein N1 with the aid of a species-specific mAb that
      reacts only with X. borealis N1. Purified and iodinated nucleoplasmin was
      injected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes and its uptake into the nucleus
      was studied by biochemical methods.

PMID- 3372587
TI  - Identification of a membrane skeleton in platelets.
AB  - Platelets have previously been shown to contain actin filaments that are linked,
      through actin-binding protein, to the glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex, GP Ia, GP
      IIa, and an unidentified GP of Mr 250,000 on the plasma membrane. The objective
      of the present study was to use a morphological approach to examine the
      distribution of these membrane-bound filaments within platelets. Preliminary
      experiments showed that the Triton X-100 lysis buffers used previously to
      solubilize platelets completely disrupt the three-dimensional organization of the
      cytoskeletons. Conditions were established that minimized these postlysis
      changes. The cytoskeletons remained as platelet-shaped structures. These
      structures consisted of a network of long actin filaments and a more amorphous
      layer that outlined the periphery. When Ca2+ was present, the long actin
      filaments were lost but the amorphous layer at the periphery remained; conditions
      were established in which this amorphous layer retained the outline of the
      platelet from which it originated. Immunocytochemical experiments showed that the
      GP Ib-IX complex and actin-binding protein were associated with the amorphous
      layer. Analysis of the amorphous material on SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed that
      it contained actin, actin-binding protein, and all actin-bound GP Ib-IX. Although
      actin filaments could not be visualized in thin section, the actin presumably was
      in a filamentous form because it was solubilized by DNase I and bound phalloidin.
      These studies show that platelets contain a membrane skeleton and suggest that it
      is distinct from the network of cytoplasmic actin filaments. This membrane
      skeleton exists as a submembranous lining that, by analogy to the erythrocyte
      membrane skeleton, may stabilize the plasma membrane and contribute to
      determining its shape.

PMID- 3372588
TI  - Accelerated sliding of pollen tube organelles along Characeae actin bundles
      regulated by Ca2+.
AB  - Pollen tubes show active cytoplasmic streaming. We isolated organelles from
      pollen tubes and tested their ability to slide along actin bundles in characean
      cell models. Here, we show that sliding of organelles was ATP-dependent and that
      motility was lost after N-ethylmaleimide or heat treatment of organelles. On the
      other hand, cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tube was inhibited by either N
      ethylmaleimide or heat treatment. These results strongly indicate that
      cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes is supported by the "actomyosin"-ATP
      system. The velocity of organelle movement along characean actin bundles was much
      higher than that of the native streaming in pollen tubes. We suggested that
      pollen tube "myosin" has a capacity to move at a velocity of the same order of
      magnitude as that of characean myosin. Moreover, the motility was high at Ca2+
      concentrations lower than 0.18 microM (pCa 6.8) but was inhibited at
      concentration higher than 4.5 microM (pCa 5.4). In conclusion, cytoplasmic
      streaming in pollen tubes is suggested to be regulated by Ca2+ through "myosin"
      inactivation.

PMID- 3372589
TI  - The mechanism of cytoplasmic streaming in characean algal cells: sliding of
      endoplasmic reticulum along actin filaments.
AB  - Electron microscopy of directly frozen giant cells of characean algae shows a
      continuous, tridimensional network of anastomosing tubes and cisternae of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum which pervade the streaming region of their cytoplasm.
      Portions of this endoplasmic reticulum contact the parallel bundles of actin
      filaments at the interface with the stationary cortical cytoplasm. Mitochondria,
      glycosomes, and other small cytoplasmic organelles enmeshed in the endoplasmic
      reticulum network display Brownian motion while streaming. The binding and
      sliding of endoplasmic reticulum membranes along actin cables can also be
      directly visualized after the cytoplasm of these cells is dissociated in a buffer
      containing ATP. The shear forces produced at the interface with the dissociated
      actin cables move large aggregates of endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.
      The combination of fast-freezing electron microscopy and video microscopy of
      living cells and dissociated cytoplasm demonstrates that the cytoplasmic
      streaming depends on endoplasmic reticulum membranes sliding along the stationary
      actin cables. Thus, the continuous network of endoplasmic reticulum provides a
      means of exerting motive forces on cytoplasm deep inside the cell distant from
      the cortical actin cables where the motive force is generated.

PMID- 3372590
TI  - Nerve growth factor regulates both the phosphorylation and steady-state levels of
      microtubule-associated protein 1.2 (MAP1.2).
AB  - This study characterizes effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the steady-state
      level and phosphorylation of a high molecular mass microtubule-associated protein
      in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Past work showed that NGF significantly
      raises the relative levels of this phosphoprotein, designated MAP1.2, with a time
      course similar to that of neurite outgrowth. To study this in greater detail,
      MAP1.2 in PC12 cell lysates was resolved by SDS-PAGE in gels containing 3.25%
      acrylamide/4 M urea and identified by comigration with material
      immunoprecipitated from the lysates by MAP1 antibodies. Quantification by
      metabolic radiolabeling with [35S]methionine or by silver staining revealed a 3.0
      3.5-fold increase in MAP1.2 levels relative to total cell protein after NGF
      treatment for 2 wk or longer. A partial increase was detectable after 3 d, but
      not after 2 h of NGF exposure. As measured by incorporation of [32P]phosphate,
      NGF had a dual effect on MAP1.2. Within 15 min to 2 h, NGF enhanced the
      incorporation of phosphate into MAP1.2 by two- to threefold relative to total
      cell phosphoproteins. This value slowly increased thereafter so that by 2 wk or
      more of NGF exposure, the average enhancement of phosphate incorporation per
      MAP1.2 molecule was over fourfold. The rapid action of NGF on MAP1.2 could not be
      mimicked by either epidermal growth factor, a permeant cAMP derivative, phorbol
      ester, or elevated K+, each of which alters phosphorylation of other PC12 cell
      proteins. SDS-PAGE revealed multiple forms of MAP1.2 which, based on the effects
      of alkaline phosphatase on their electrophoretic mobilities, differ, at least in
      part, in extent of phosphorylation. Before NGF treatment, most PC12 cell MAP1.2
      is in more rapidly migrating, relatively poorly phosphorylated forms. After long
      term NGF exposure, most is in more slowly migrating, more highly phosphorylated
      forms. The effects of NGF on the rapid phosphorylation of MAP1.2 and on the long
      term large increase in highly phosphorylated MAP1.2 forms could play major
      functional roles in NGF-mediated neuronal differentiation. Such roles may include
      effects on microtubule assembly, stability, and cross-linking and, possibly for
      the rapid effects, nuclear signaling.

PMID- 3372591
TI  - Structural characteristics of gap junctions. I. Channel number in coupled and
      uncoupled conditions.
AB  - Gap junctions between crayfish lateral axons were studied by combining anatomical
      and electrophysiological measurements to determine structural changes associated
      during uncoupling by axoplasmic acidification. In basal conditions, the
      junctional resistance, Rj, was approximately 60-80 k omega and the synapses
      appeared as two adhering membranes; 18-20-nm overall thickness, containing
      transverse densities (channels) spanning both membranes and the narrow
      extracellular gap (4-6 nm). In freeze-fracture replicas, the synapses contained
      greater than 3 X 10(3) gap junction plaques having a total of approximately 3.5 X
      10(5) intramembrane particles. "Single" gap junction particles represented
      approximately 10% of the total number of gap junction particles present in the
      synapse. Therefore, in basal conditions, most of the gap junction particles were
      organized in plaques. Moreover, correlations of the total number of gap junction
      particles with Rj suggested that most of the junctional particles in plaques
      corresponded to conducting channels. Upon acidification of the axoplasm to pH 6.7
      6.8, the junctional resistance increased to approximately 300 k omega and action
      potentials failed to propagate across the septum. Morphological measurements
      showed that the total number of gap junction particles in plaques decreased
      approximately 11-fold to 3.1 X 10(4) whereas the number of single particles
      dispersed in the axolemmae increased significantly. Thin sections of these
      synapses showed that the width of the extracellular gap increased from 4-6 nm in
      basal conditions to 10-20 nm under conditions where axoplasmic pH was 6.7-6.8.
      These observations suggest that single gap junction particles dispersed in the
      synapse most likely represent hemi-channels produced by the dissasembly of
      channels previously arranged in plaques.

PMID- 3372592
TI  - A role for acetylcholine receptors in the fusion of chick myoblasts.
AB  - The role of acetylcholine receptors in the control of chick myoblast fusion in
      culture has been explored. Spontaneous fusion of myoblasts was inhibited by the
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists alpha-bungarotoxin, Naja naja toxin
      and monoclonal antibody mcAb 5.5. The muscarinic antagonists QNB and n-methyl
      scopolamine were without effect. Atropine had no effect below 1 microM, where it
      blocks muscarinic receptors; at higher concentrations, when it blocks nicotinic
      receptors also, atropine inhibited myoblast fusion. The inhibitions imposed by
      acetylcholine receptor antagonists lasted for approximately 12 h; fusion
      stimulated by other endogenous substances then took over. The inhibition was
      limited to myoblast fusion. The increases in cell number, DNA content, the level
      of creatine phosphokinase activity (both total and muscle-specific isozyme) and
      the appearance of heavy chain myosin, which accompany muscle differentiation,
      followed a normal time course. Pre-fusion myoblasts, fusing myoblasts, and young
      myotubes specifically bound labeled alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating the presence
      of acetylcholine receptors. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist,
      carbachol, induced uptake of [14C]Guanidinium through the acetylcholine receptor.
      Myoblasts, aligned myoblasts and young myotubes expressed the synthetic enzyme
      Choline acetyltransferase and stained positively with antibodies against
      acetylcholine. The appearance of ChAT activity in myogenic cultures was prevented
      by treatment with BUDR; nonmyogenic cells in the cultures expressed ChAT at a
      level which was too low to account for the activity in myogenic cultures. We
      conclude that activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is part of the
      mechanism controlling spontaneous myoblast fusion and that myoblasts synthesize
      an endogenous, fusion-inducing agent that activates the nicotinic ACh receptor.

PMID- 3372593
TI  - Energetic mechanism of system A amino acid transport in normal and transformed
      mouse fibroblasts.
AB  - Ouabain treatment (0.4 mM) of normal and transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells caused a
      progressive increase in 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) transport reaching a maximum
      after 16 to 18 h exposure. There was a virtually complete blockage of this
      stimulated rate when 3 microM cycloheximide (CHX) was added together with ouabain
      at T = 0. In the transformed cell, addition of CHX after 14 h had no effect; in
      the normal cell, it inhibited (ca. 50%) the final AIB transport rate achieved
      after 24 h. The t1/2 for reaching maximal activity (insensitive to CHX exposure)
      was thus shifted from 8 h in the transformed cell to 15 h in the normal cell.
      Since the rate of achieving maximal activity in the absence of CHX was about the
      same in the two cells, the shift in t1/2 in the presence of CHX suggests that the
      rate of degradation is more rapid in the normal cell. Following ouabain
      treatment, the apparent Km for Na+ was decreased in both cells. The Km returned
      to the basal level 1 h after ouabain removal in the normal cell, but remained low
      in the transformed cell during this time period. The stimulation of AIB transport
      following ouabain removal was largely abolished by a proton ionophore (1799), a
      lipophilic cation (tetraphenyl-phosphonium), or ouabain. These results suggest
      that, under the conditions of ouabain stress, there is a switch in the
      bioenergetic mechanism. The Na+/K+ pump and System A transporter appear to be
      linked and the membrane potential generated by the Na+/K+ pump activity becomes a
      major driving force for AIB uptake.

PMID- 3372594
TI  - Osmotic forces are not critical for Ca2+-induced secretion from permeabilized
      human neutrophils.
AB  - In order to examine the role of osmotic forces in degranulation, the effects of
      solutes and osmolality on granule secretion were explored using both FMLP
      stimulated, intact neutrophils and Ca2+-stimulated, permeabilized cells. We
      employed a HEPES-based buffer system which was supplemented with: a) permeant
      (KCl or NaCl) or impermeant (Na-isethionate or choline-Cl) ions, or b) permeant
      (urea) or impermeant (sucrose) uncharged solutes. Intact and permeabilized cells
      had significantly different solute requirements for degranulation. FMLP
      stimulated release from intact cells was supported by NaCl or Na-isethionate
      greater than KCl greater than choline-Cl or sucrose greater than urea. In
      contrast, the rank order of Ca2+-stimulated release from permeabilized cells was
      choline-Cl greater than Na-isethionate, KCl, or NaCl greater than sucrose greater
      than urea. Hypo-osmotic conditions caused increased levels of background granule
      release from both intact and permeabilized neutrophils. However, hypo-osmolality
      inhibited both FMLP-stimulated degranulation from intact cells and Ca2+-induced
      release from permeabilized neutrophils. While hyperosmotic conditions inhibited
      stimulated release from intact cells, this inhibition was much less pronounced in
      permeabilized cells when the granules were directly exposed to these solutions.
      In fact, hyperosmotic sucrose greatly enhanced Ca2+-induced secretion. Although
      isolated specific and azurophil granules showed some lytic tendencies in hypo
      osmotic buffers, the overall stability of the isolated granules did not indicate
      that swelling alone could effect degranulation. These results suggest that
      degranulation in permeabilized cells is neither due to nor driven by simple
      osmotic forces (under resting or stimulated conditions) and emphasize differences
      obtained by bathing both the granules and plasma membrane (as opposed to
      membranes alone) in various solutes.

PMID- 3372595
TI  - Sodium transport in rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture.
AB  - Sodium transport in the papillary collecting duct (PCD) is poorly understood
      because of the inaccessibility of the distal nephron to micropuncture. Cultured
      rat renal papillary collecting tubule (RPCT) cells were investigated as a model
      for the PCD. RPCT cells have the morphologic appearance and hormonal
      responsiveness of the papillary collecting tubule. Sodium transport was studied
      using 22Na+ uptake measurements. Sodium uptake, measured at 23 degrees C in the
      absence of K+ and in the presence of 0.5 mM ouabain, was saturable at 100 mM
      extracellular NaCl, and half-maximal uptake occurred at 40 mM NaCl. The
      accumulation of 22Na+ appeared to be intracellular and was regulated by (Na+,K+)
      ATPase activity, since activation of the Na+/K+ pump with K+ reduced 22Na+
      accumulation by 90%. The time course for uptake was linear, showed only a single
      component, and followed first order kinetics with a t1/2 of 16 min. Amiloride and
      lithium inhibited 22Na+ influx, and a Dixon plot was linear, with a Ki of 16
      microM amiloride. Chloride replacement of 1 mM furosemide, with or without K+,
      reduced uptake by only 20%. Sodium efflux from RPCT cells in the presence of
      ouabain showed a similar time course (t1/2, 15 min) and was also inhibited by
      amiloride (IC50 = 20 microM). Increased extracellular pH stimulated 22Na+ uptake
      and inhibited 22Na+ efflux. Addition of permeable organic acids, acetate, and
      bicarbonate, enhanced 22Na+ uptake. These results are consistent with Na+/H+ and
      Na+/Na+ exchange as mechanisms of 22Na+ uptake in the RPCT cell. This exchanger
      may be important in regulation of transepithelial sodium flux, maintenance of
      intracellular pH and cell volume, and hormonal stimulation of the papillary
      collecting duct.

PMID- 3372596
TI  - Growth characteristics of human epidermal melanocytes in pure culture with
      special reference to genetic differences.
AB  - Human melanocyte cultures were established using disaggregated epidermal cell
      suspensions derived from foreskins and plated onto culture dishes in medium
      containing 2% fetal bovine serum, growth factors, hormones, and melanocyte growth
      factor (MGF) extracted from bovine hypothalamus (Wilkins et al., J.Cell.
      Physiol., 122:350, 1985). After 2 days in culture the cells were transferred to
      serum-free medium to eliminate keratinocyte and fibroblast growth. Melanocytes
      grew preferentially and pure melanocyte populations could be harvested after 12
      16 days in vitro. Melanocytes were later subcultured in the presence of 1% FBS.
      Pure melanocyte cultures were characterized by light and electron microscopic
      criteria, as well as by cytochemical demonstration of the melanocyte-specific
      enzyme, tyrosinase. At the ultrastructural level, cultured melanocytes derived
      from black (negroid) neonatal skin (B-M) had numerous mature rod-shaped stage IV
      melanosomes, while white (caucasoid) skin-derived melanocytes (W-M) in culture
      contained no mature melanosomes. Growth rate, cell yield, and in vitro lifespan
      for B-M were more than twice that for W-M in pure melanocyte cultures in the
      presence of MGF. Our results suggest that MGF-dependent growth of B-M differs
      from that of W-M.

PMID- 3372597
TI  - Methotrexate-poly(lysine) as a selective agent for mutants of Chinese hamster
      ovary cells defective in endocytosis.
AB  - Methotrexate (MTX) covalently linked to poly(L-lysine) [poly(Lys)] enters cells
      by endocytosis, is degraded in lysosomes and, upon liberation of small molecular
      methotrexate, is cytocidal to Chinese hamster cells in culture. This drug
      conjugate was used to select mutants resistant to MTX-poly(Lys), which were
      examined for defects in endocytosis. Two mutants resistant to MYX-poly(Lys) and
      sensitive to free MTX, MPL 3-4 and MPL 2-5, internalized the conjugate in normal
      fashion, but had a decreased ability to degrade it to small molecular drug. The
      magnitude of this defect in the two mutants correlated with their level of
      resistance. In addition, both mutants were cross resistant to diphtheria toxin
      and modeccin and hypersensitive to ricin. While MPL 3-4 internalized MTX
      poly(Lys) and inulin normally, it showed decreased endocytosis via the mannose-6
      phosphate receptor and decreased uptake of 125I-alpha-2 macroglobulin.
      Acidification of subcellular fractions was measured using the partitioning of
      acridine orange. In MPL 3-4, the ATP-driven acidification of the endosome
      containing cell fractions was slightly decreased (80% of controls), while
      acidification of the heavy lysosome-containing fraction was normal.
      Complementation analysis using hybrids of MPL 3-4 x MPL 2-5 indicated that the
      mutations occurred at the same gene, but were expressed with different severity.
      This genotype is identical to that of the End 2 mutants described by Roff et al.
      (1986). Thus, surprisingly, mutants with identical genotypes were isolated
      independently by totally different selection procedures.

PMID- 3372598
TI  - Lysosomotropic amines modulate neutrophil calcium homeostasis.
AB  - Lysosomotropic amines can raise the acidic internal pH of the neutrophil lysosome
      and inhibit neutrophil function. Because pH and calcium regulation are intimately
      connected in various types of excitable cells, we studied the effects of several
      lysosomotropic weak bases on neutrophil calcium homeostasis. Base-treated cells
      had normal to minimally elevated resting cytosol free calcium, but weak bases
      produced significant release of calcium from organelles when this release was
      directly measured in permeabilized cells, even after depletion of inositol
      triphosphate-sensitive stores. Collapse of transmembrane pH gradients with
      monensin similarly released organelle calcium. The initial cytosol calcium
      response to f-met-leu-phe was enhanced by some of the lysosomotropic amines but
      the calcium rise was more transient in base-treated cells than in control
      samples. These findings suggest that existence of an acidic intracellular
      compartment, such as the lysosome, is important to normal calcium homeostasis in
      the neutrophil and that pH sensitivity and inositol triphosphate sensitivity may
      define two pools of releasable organelle calcium. The effect of pH perturbation
      on calcium homeostasis may partially account for the inhibition of neutrophil
      function by lysosomotropic amines.

PMID- 3372600
TI  - Differential expression of c-myc and the transferrin receptor in G1 synchronized
      M1 myeloid leukemia cells.
AB  - We have studied the transcriptional activity, steady-state mRNA levels, and
      steady-state protein levels of the c-myc and transferrin receptor (TfR) genes in
      murine M1 myeloid leukemia cells arrested in G1 phase of the cell cycle by
      different methods. When cells are growth-arrested by density inhibition, a
      technique that places the majority of cells in early G1, c-myc protein, as
      detected by Western analysis, is expressed at 80% of the level seen in
      proliferating cells. Steady-state mRNA levels and, to a lesser extent,
      transcriptional activity of the c-myc gene, parallel the protein findings. Under
      these conditions, TfR gene expression is much lower than in normally cycling
      cells. We have previously demonstrated that density-inhibited M1 cells, released
      from density inhibition and treated with the DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor
      aphidicolin, remain in G1, but at a point temporally closer to S phase. Cells
      treated in this manner demonstrate reduced transcriptional activity and
      expression of the c-myc gene, but TfR gene expression approximates the level
      found in proliferating cells. These data suggest that neither c-myc nor TfR gene
      expression is constant throughout the G1 phase of the cell cycle in M1 cells. c
      myc gene expression is highest in early G1 and falls to low levels by late G1,
      while the reverse is true for TfR gene expression.

PMID- 3372599
TI  - Inhibition of hexose transport by adenosine derivatives in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The human erythrocyte membrane carriers for hexoses and nucleosides have several
      structural features in common. In order to assess functional similarities, the
      effects of adenosine derivatives on hexose transport and cytochalasin B binding
      sites were studied. Adenosine inhibited zero-trans uptake of 3-O-methylglucose
      half-maximally at 5 mM, while more hydrophobic adenosine deaminase-resistant
      derivatives were ten- to 20-fold more potent transport inhibitors. However,
      degradation of adenosine accounted for very little of this difference in potency.
      Hexose transport was rapidly inhibited by N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine at 5
      degrees C in a dose-dependent fashion (EC50 = 240 microM), to lower the transport
      Vmax without affecting the Km. A direct interaction with the carrier protein was
      further indicated by the finding that N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine
      competitively inhibited [3H]cytochalasin B binding to erythrocytes (Ki = 143
      microM) and decreased [3H]cytochalasin B photolabeling of hexose carriers in
      erythrocyte ghosts. The cross-reactivity of adenosine and several of its
      derivatives with the hexose carrier suggests further homologies between the
      carriers for hexoses and nucleosides, possibly related to their ability to
      transport hydrophilic molecules through the lipid core of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3372601
TI  - Interferon induces cell fusion and the formation of multinuclear cells in a
      culture of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
AB  - The increase in number of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells was diminished
      significantly when the cell culture was treated with 1,000 IU/ml of recombinant
      mouse alpha or beta interferon (IFN). Microscopical observation revealed that
      almost all the cells showed bi- or multinuclear morphology 3 to 5 days after IFN
      treatment. Furthermore, a videorecording showed that each multinuclear cell arose
      by fusion after mitotic division of one parental cell.

PMID- 3372602
TI  - [Pancreatic fistula following cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. Directed
      fistulization or total pancreatic exeresis?].
AB  - A frequent complication (8.5 to 52.8%) of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for cancer,
      pancreatic fistula (PF) is difficult to treat, and an analysis of 30 cases of PD
      (27 for cancer, 3 for chronic pancreatitis) is used to determine risk factors and
      most effective therapy. Fistula developed in 6 cases (20%) and three risk factors
      were determined: preoperative renal impairment and hypoalbuminemia and ligature
      of pancreatic stump. Although not statistically significant, other factors-
      cancer, emergency surgery, fragile pancreatic tissue, thin Wirsung,
      pancreatojejunal anastomosis, absence of decompression of the raised jejunal loop
      -in this small series nevertheless provoked a marked increase in PF. One patient
      recovered after medical treatment, all five patients operated upon by whatever
      technique failing to survive. This agrees with literature data indicating heavy
      mortality (44.4 to 100%) after surgery. This should therefore be reserved for
      cases of PF failing to respond to adequate medical treatment, or with hemorrhage
      or intra-abdominal sepsis not controlled medically. The most effective therapy
      for PF is prophylactic, combining selection of patients as a function of risk
      factors, and treatment of pancreatic stump adapted to caliber of Wirsung and
      quality of remaining pancreatic tissue.

PMID- 3372603
TI  - [Trial of a diagnostic score in painful abdominal syndromes suggestive of
      appendicitis in children over 3].
AB  - A diagnostic score was attributed to 82 children aged 3 to 16 years referred with
      suspected appendicitis. Results demonstrated the value of the score in increasing
      diagnostic precision and avoiding appendicectomy of histologically healthy organs
      and its complications. However, the score requires further development by study
      of a larger series and by integration of a criterion such as C reactive protein.

PMID- 3372604
TI  - [Ulcerated cancers of the breast: results of modified mastectomy. Apropos of 64
      cases].
AB  - Although, happily, at the present time the actual tendency in mammary neoplastic
      disease is being increasingly orientated towards conservative treatment, a fairly
      large number of total mastectomies are still being performed in patients
      diagnosed at a late stage. The frequency, technical aspects and precise local and
      general prognosis of this affection are discussed in relation to 63 breast
      cancers treated surgically between 1975 and 1984. These so-called "trimming"
      mastectomies represent 4.22% of overall total mastectomies performed during the
      same period. The surgical technic employed was the Patey type total mastectomy
      with either primary suturing after-wide separation of borders or closure with a
      thoraco-epigastric fasciocutaneous flap with internal pedicle. Actuarial survival
      was satisfactory: 58% at 2 years, 34% at 5 years, survival being significantly
      better in patients with lack of glandular invasion. This surgical technic should
      be considered, in combination with other therapy, for these patients, who should
      not be classed as "unrecoverable".

PMID- 3372605
TI  - [Esophageal and gastric leiomyoma. Apropos of a case with double localization].
AB  - A case of double localization of a leiomyoma is reported and used as a basis for
      an update review of the relevant literature. Esophageal and gastric leiomyomas,
      of relatively simple diagnosis by radiologic and endoscopic imaging, require
      surgery in most cases: enucleation of esophageal and resection of gastric tumors.
      Leiomyoma of esophagus is usually diagnosed during investigation of atypical
      clinical symptomatology or when it is associated with another disorder, such as
      hiatus hernia as in the present case. Leiomyoma of stomach is usually revealed by
      a complication initially, frequently of the hemorrhagic type. Despite the absence
      of documented data on leiomyoma of double localization in two digestive organs
      simultaneously, this possibility does exist and extensive digestive
      investigations are necessary prior to therapy.

PMID- 3372606
TI  - [Peritoneoectomy in the surgical treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Stages III
      and IV].
AB  - Extirpation of so-called inoperable "over-run" stages III and IV ovarian cancer
      is possible. This exeresis is based on the essentially peritoneal extension of
      the disease and the use of a retroperitoneal dissection plane. The complex
      operation involves the total abdomen and includes exeresis of all the parietal
      peritoneum, a right and left colectomy and a posterior pelvectomy. It does not
      appear mutilating but is sufficiently complex to justify the present technical
      description. It gives a real efficiency to chemotherapy which follows it.

PMID- 3372607
TI  - [Experimental study of ileal ischemia in the rat].

PMID- 3372608
TI  - [Testicular tumors].

PMID- 3372609
TI  - [Enterocutaneous fistula on a parietal prosthesis].

PMID- 3372610
TI  - [Exertion phlebitis of the lower limb in a child. An uncommon or unrecognized
      disease?].

PMID- 3372611
TI  - Personality characteristics of parents of autistic children: a controlled study.
AB  - Parents of 21 autistic children and of 21 children with other handicaps, matched
      for sex, age, IQ and father's occupation, were interviewed with a schedule known
      to discriminate between schizoid and non-schizoid people. Ratings were reliable
      and the interviewers remained "blind". Parents of autistic children, especially
      fathers, were significantly more often rated as having schizoid traits. They were
      also more intellectual.

PMID- 3372612
TI  - Childhood Onset Pervasive Developmental Disorder.
AB  - Two male children meeting criteria for Childhood Onset Pervasive Developmental
      Disorder (COPDD) are described. The current DSM-III category of COPDD may have
      value in separating these children from others with PDD. The authors suggest that
      these two children, and other children described in the literature as having
      dementia infantalis and/or disintegrative psychosis, have a distintegrative
      disorder resulting in muteness, profound mental retardation and severe autistic
      symptomatology. The term "pervasive disintegrative disorder" may be appropriate
      for such children and specific diagnostic criteria are suggested. The disorder
      appears to be extremely rare, with a prevalence estimate of 0.11 per 10,000.

PMID- 3372613
TI  - Conners' Teacher Rating Scale in Chinese children in Hong Kong.
AB  - Conners' Teacher's Rating Scale (CTRS) was applied to 914 children, a
      representative sample of the total population of normal primary school children
      (age 6-12) in Hong Kong. Both interrater and test-retest reliability were
      satisfactory. On all the subscales, the scores lay on the high side when compared
      to results of western countries. When factor analysis was carried out, the main
      difference from other studies was that the conduct problem factor and
      hyperactivity factor were combined. There was a very significant sex effect with
      boys having much higher total and subscales scores of conduct problem,
      inattention and hyperactivity whereas the girls were rated significantly higher
      on the subscales of anxiety-tension.

PMID- 3372614
TI  - Parent-child correspondence in identification of firesetting among child
      psychiatric patients.
AB  - This study examined parent-child correspondence in assessing characteristics and
      correlates of the child's firesetting. Two-hundred and ninety-seven families (164
      outpatients and 133 inpatients) were independently interviewed using questions
      modified from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School
      age Children. Parent-child correspondence for the presence or absence of
      individual behaviors and firesetting correlates was generally moderate-to-high
      for both samples, with outpatient families showing higher parent-child agreement
      in classifying the child's firesetting status. Few differences in correspondence
      due to child age or sex were found. The results are discussed in terms of the
      clinical assessment of firesetting and other antisocial behaviors and the role of
      child reports in case identification.

PMID- 3372615
TI  - A comparison of the outcome of day-care and inpatient treatment of paediatric
      surgical cases.
AB  - The outcome of day-care versus inpatient surgery for two equivalent groups of
      children is examined. Ratings were made of medical outcome, behaviour change in
      the children at 1 week and 3 mths post-discharge from a pre-admission criterion,
      convenience and subjective anxiety for parents, and relative costs of the two
      procedures. Results showed trends in favour of the day-care procedure. Argument
      is made that day-care should be the preferred option for minor surgery in young
      children.

PMID- 3372616
TI  - Development and evaluation of an attentional test for head injured children--1.
      Information processing capacity in a normal sample.
AB  - The Children's Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (CHIPASAT) was developed to
      assess the capacity and rate of information processing in children. This basic
      aspect of attention underlies many abilities, and is impaired following head
      injury in adults. Similar impairment may occur in children after head injury or
      other CNS dysfunction. A sample (N = 315) of normal school children was assessed
      with the CHIPASAT to establish normative data, and relationships between age,
      arithmetic ability, general intellectual (g) ability and information processing
      capacity. The results suggest that the age and, to a lesser extent, the
      arithmetic ability of a child have a significant influence on information
      processing capacity. The children's general intellectual ability (g) and sex were
      unrelated to CHIPASAT performance.

PMID- 3372618
TI  - Some comments on Prior and Sanson's "Attention deficit disorder with
      hyperactivity: a critique".

PMID- 3372617
TI  - Temperament and behavioural adjustment in hearing impaired children.
AB  - Temperament and behavioural adjustment were assessed in 26 hearing impaired pre
      school children. By comparison with normally hearing children the clinical group
      was rated by their mothers as having a more difficult temperament, but no greater
      level of behaviour problems. Teachers of these children rated them as less well
      adjusted overall and specifically, more anxious compared with a normative group.
      Mothers of hearing impaired children showed elevated levels of anxiety,
      depression and overall problem scores on the General Health Questionnaire and the
      latter variable was the best predictor of rated behaviour problems in their
      children. Teacher rating of behaviour problems was best predicted by their rating
      of the child's temperament. Greater support for mothers of hearing impaired
      children is suggested as important in preventing behavioural maladjustment in
      this handicapped group.

PMID- 3372619
TI  - Identification and quantitation of trenbolone in bovine tissue by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Identification and quantitation of trace amounts of trenbolone in bovine tissue
      by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected-ion monitoring (GC-MS
      SIM) has been developed. Three-phase liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of
      water-acetonitrile-dichloromethane-hexane was utilized for the sample extraction
      from tissue. Target compounds were extracted from the tissue into the
      acetonitrile layer. The residue from this extraction was then subjected to solid
      phase extraction by C18 and silica gel disposable cartridges using methanol-water
      and benzene-acetone as eluents. To overcome extensive matrix interferences,
      preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation was
      used with an octadecyl-bonded column using methanol-water as mobile phase for
      sample clean-up prior to GC-MS analysis. A structural analogue of trenbolone, 19
      nortestosterone, was chosen as the internal standard for quantitation by GC-MS.
      The sample was co-injected with N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide-1
      (trimethylsilyl) imidazole (95:5, v/v) for flash heater derivation.
      Identification and quantitation were simultaneously carried out by SIM of
      characteristic ions of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of trenbolone and 19
      nortestosterone. The limit of detection for trenbolone and epitrenbolone was 0.5
      ppb in muscle and liver tissue. A comparison of sensitivity and specificity
      between GC-MS under electron ionization in addition to positive- and negative-ion
      chemical ionization conditions using methane reagent gas is also discussed.

PMID- 3372620
TI  - Automatic determination of urinary 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic (vanillylmandelic)
      acid by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - An automated liquid chromatographic method for the determination of urinary
      concentrations of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) is described. Urine
      samples are purified by solid-phase extraction on an anion-exchange cartridge and
      automated on-line chromatographic elution is carried out using a Varian AASP
      (advanced automated sample processor) system. The column effluent is monitored
      with an electrochemical detector using a glassy carbon working electrode. The
      method allows the determination of VMA in 0.05 ml of normal urine with a relative
      standard deviation of less than 3%. The analysis time can be shortened by use of
      back-flushing technique, and the correlation with a classical (but non-automated)
      VMA analysis method is excellent.

PMID- 3372621
TI  - Routine determination of urinary free catecholamines by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection.
AB  - A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described
      for the routine determination of the free catecholamines (norepinephrine,
      epinephrine and dopamine) in urine. The catecholamines are isolated from urine
      samples using small affinity chromatography columns prepacked with immobilised m
      aminophenylboronic acid, separated by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid
      chromatography and quantified by electrochemical detection. Total analysis,
      including sample preparation time, is achieved in less than 30 min with
      analytical recoveries of 92-96% for all three catecholamines. Long-term stability
      and reproducibility of the liquid chromatographic system is attained by selection
      of optimised conditions for chromatographic separation with a formate mobile
      phase and produces detection limits of 1.4, 1.8 and 2.2 nmol/l for
      norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine, respectively, in urine samples and day
      to-day coefficients of variation of less than 6%. Furthermore, the affinity
      isolation gels can be reused a minimum of ten times providing a rapid and cost
      effective means of sample preparation.

PMID- 3372622
TI  - Irregular retention properties of 21-aminosteroid antioxidants in octylsilane
      bonded-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The retention characteristics of two novel 21-aminosteroid antioxidants, 21-[4
      (2,6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-16 alpha-methylpregna
      1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione dimethanesulfonate (I) and 21-[4-(2,5-di-N
      diethylamine-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-16 alpha-methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-triene
      3,20-dione hydrochloride (II), in octylsilane bonded-phase high-performance
      liquid chromatography were examined in detail. Both I and II exhibited irregular
      retention behaviour which could be explained by the dual retention mechanism
      model proposed by A. Nahum and Cs. Horvath [J. Chromatogr., 203 (1981) 53].
      Unless an amine modifier was added to competitively inhibit association with
      exposed silanol binding sites, the retention of both compounds in a 70%
      acetonitrile mobile phase was primarily due to silanophilic interactions.
      Addition of amine modifiers, lowering the pH, and increasing the sodium ion
      concentration of the mobile phase all decreased retention times, and modifiers
      capable of hydrogen bonding diminished peak tailing.

PMID- 3372623
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a 21-aminosteroid
      antioxidant in plasma.
AB  - A novel 21-aminosteroid, 21-[4-(2,6-di-1-pyrrolidinyl-4-pyrimidinyl)-1-
      piperazinyl]-16 alpha-methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione
      monomethanesulfonate (I), is under development for the treatment of central
      nervous system injury in humans. This report describes a reversed-phase high
      performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method using ultraviolet detection
      at 254 nm for the determination of I in plasma with low nanogram per milliliter
      sensitivity. Plasma was deproteinated by mixing with acetonitrile and
      centrifuging, and I was extracted from the supernatant with disposable bonded
      phase columns. The extracts were chromatographed on an octylsilane bonded-phase
      HPLC column with an acetonitrile-water mobile phase containing triethylammonium
      acetate, pH5. Quantification was accomplished by peak-height ratio analysis using
      an analogue of I as the assay internal standard. The method was suitable for the
      determination of I following a 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose in the rat.

PMID- 3372624
TI  - Simple isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the
      separation of the six vitamers of vitamin B6.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and fast isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic
      method has been developed for the separation of all six biologically active forms
      (vitamers) of vitamin B6. The separation is accomplished using a strong cation
      exchange column and a mobile phase of 0.1 M ammonium dihydrogenphosphate adjusted
      to pH 4.0. All six vitamers are separated within 20 min at a flowrate of 1
      ml/min. The concentration of the vitamers is determined with a fluorescence
      detector (excitation 290 nm; emission 389 nm). The within-run precision of the
      method expressed as the coefficient of variation is below 5% at the 25 pmol
      level. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate can be determined using either pre- or post-column
      derivatization with sodium bisulfite. Application of the method to cell-free
      yeast culture media is presented.

PMID- 3372625
TI  - Determination of beta-lactams and their biosynthetic intermediates in
      fermentation media by pre-column derivatisation followed by fluorescence
      detection.
AB  - This paper describes a novel and sensitive pre-column derivatisation method for
      the detection and quantitation of beta-lactams and their biosynthetic precursors
      at trace levels in fermentation media. Filtered broths from fermentations of
      strains of Penicillium chrysogenum and Cephalosporium acremonium, after
      deproteination and centrifugation, were incubated with 9
      fluorenylmethylchloroformate for 5 min at 20 degrees C in 0.2 M borate buffer at
      pH 7.7. Following two-fold pentane extraction of the reagent hydrolysis product,
      the aqueous layer was injected directly onto a C18 reversed-phase column, and
      products were detected spectrofluorimetrically with excitation and emission
      wavelengths of 260 and 313 nm, respectively. Detection limits of 0.01 and 0.05
      micrograms ml-1 were achieved for both 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and
      isopenicillin N in borate buffer and filtered fermentation broths, respectively,
      using a 10-microliter injection volume. A linear calibration for 6-APA in
      fermentation broth was obtained for a very wide concentration range (0.05-100
      micrograms ml-1). Detection limits for solutions of cephalosporin C,
      deacetylcephalosporin C and deacetoxycephalosporin C in broth were all 0.25
      micrograms ml-1. The detection limit for the beta-lactam precursor delta-(L
      aminoadipyl)-L-alpha-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) dimer in borate buffer was 0.5
      microgram ml-1. The cephalosporins and ACV dimer gave linear plots in the ranges
      3-25 and 1-100 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Repeated analysis of 6-APA at a
      concentration of 10 micrograms ml-1 in filtered broth gave a mean peak area of
      2.5.10(6) with a standard deviation of 2.6.10(5) using a 10-microliter injection
      volume. Ampicillin spiked into deproteinated blood serum gave a linear
      calibration in the concentration range 2-100 micrograms ml-1.

PMID- 3372626
TI  - Direct determination of mitoxantrone and its mono- and dicarboxylic metabolites
      in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The simultaneous isolation and determination of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) and its
      two known metabolites (the mono- and dicarboxylic metabolites) were carried out
      using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system equipped with an
      automatic pre-column-switching system that permits drug analysis by direct
      injection of biological samples. Plasma or urine samples were injected directly
      on to an enrichment pre-column flushed with methanol-water (5:95, v/v) as the
      mobile phase. The maximum amount of endogenous water-soluble components was
      removed from biological samples within 9 min. Drugs specifically adsorbed on the
      pre-column were back-flushed on to an analytical column (Nucleosil C18, 250 X 4.6
      mm I.D.) with 1.6 M ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.0) (2.5% formic acid)
      containing 20% acetonitrile. Detection was effected at 655 nm. Chromatographic
      analysis was performed within 12 min. The detection limit of the method was about
      4 ng/ml for urine and 10 ng/ml for plasma samples. The precision ranged from 3 to
      11% depending on the amount of compound studied. This technique was applied to
      the monitoring of mitoxantrone in plasma and to the quantification of the
      unchanged compound and its two metabolites in urine from patients receiving 14
      mg/m2 of mitoxantrone by intravenous infusion for 10 min.

PMID- 3372627
TI  - Rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis of the new antimalarial N4-[2,6
      dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-8- quinolinyl]-1,4
      pentanediamine in plasma by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection.
AB  - A rapid, sensitive and simple method was developed for the quantitation of the
      plasma concentration of N4-[2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]
      8- quinolinyl]-1,4-pentanediamine, a new antimalarial active against Plasmodium
      vivax. N4-(5-Hexoxy-6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-quinolinyl)-1,4- pentanediamine
      diphosphate, a similar 8-aminoquinoline, was used as an internal standard. The
      method involves sample clean-up by a prepacked cyano solid-phase column followed
      by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and oxidative electrochemical detection
      at +0.95 V. The assay has been validated to 5 ng/ml of plasma and is sensitive to
      1 ng/ml of plasma. The results of a pilot study assessing the relative oral
      bioavailability of two different salt forms of the new antimalarial in dogs show
      the usefulness of the method for animal and human pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 3372628
TI  - Determination of alpha-keto acids in rat hindquarter muscle by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3372629
TI  - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      phosphatidic acid.

PMID- 3372630
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of urinary catecholamines after one-step
      alumina extraction.

PMID- 3372631
TI  - Glutamate and glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from healthy volunteers-
      analytical aspects.

PMID- 3372632
TI  - Highly sensitive assay for xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3372633
TI  - Sensitive gas chromatographic method for determining nitrazepam in serum and
      saliva.

PMID- 3372634
TI  - Determination of tetraprenylacetone in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with fluorescence derivatization using dansylhydrazine.

PMID- 3372635
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      methysergide and methylergonovine in human plasma.

PMID- 3372636
TI  - Simultaneous assay of disopyramide and monodesisopropyldisopyramide enantiomers
      in biological samples by liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3372637
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography and preliminary pharmacokinetics of
      articaine and its 2-carboxy metabolite in human serum and urine.

PMID- 3372638
TI  - Determination of cortisol in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry using [2H5] cortisol as an internal standard.
AB  - A capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for the determination
      of cortisol in human plasma using cortisol M + 5 as an internal standard is
      described. For calculation of plasma cortisol, peak areas were measured by
      selected-ion monitoring of the characteristic fragment ions of the dimethoxime
      tri (trimethylsilyl) derivatives of cortisol and cortisol M + 5 (m/z 605 and 610,
      respectively). The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation for plasma
      sample were 3.07 and 1.77%, respectively. The method needed no complex
      corrections for contributions and provides a sensitive and reliable technique
      with good accuracy, precision and reproducibility.

PMID- 3372639
TI  - Analysis of amino acids in brain and plasma samples by sensitive gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected-ion monitoring provided a simple
      and sensitive method for analyzing amino acids in plasma and brain samples.
      Although the sensitivities of chemical ionization and electron-impact ionization
      were similar chemical ionization produced higher-mass ions, which might increase
      the selectivity of the assay. Both chemical and electron-impact ionization
      distinguished the natural amino acids from the 15N-labelled amino acids. The
      recovery of amino acids from plasma and brain samples was ca. 75%. The amino acid
      levels determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were comparable with
      the amino acid levels determined by high-performance liquid chromatography or
      amino acid analyzer.

PMID- 3372640
TI  - Simultaneous determination of C2-C22 non-esterified fatty acids and other
      metabolically relevant carboxylic acids in biological material by gas
      chromatography of their benzyl esters.
AB  - A method for the simultaneous determination of non-esterified short-, medium- and
      long-chain fatty acids and other types of metabolically relevant carboxylic acids
      such as hydroxy, keto, aromatic and dicarboxylic acids in biological material by
      capillary gas chromatography of benzyl ester derivatives is described. Sample
      preparation avoiding incomplete isolation of carboxylic acids consisted of
      deproteinization and extraction with ethanol, fixation of carboxylic acids as
      carboxylates, removal of interfering compounds such as neutral lipids by hexane
      extraction and amino acids, acyl carnitines and other cations by cation-exchange
      chromatography, derivatization of keto groups of ketocarboxylic acids into O
      methyl oximes and benzyl ester formation by reaction of the potassium
      carboxylates with benzyl bromide via crown ether catalysis. The sample
      preparation conditions were investigated, showing the usefulness of this method
      for quantitative determinations. Chromatograms obtained from human serum, human
      urine and rat heart ventricle and concentrations of carboxylic acids in these
      specimens are presented.

PMID- 3372641
TI  - Determination of agmatine, arginine, citrulline and ornithine by reversed-phase
      liquid chromatography using automated pre-column derivatization with o
      phthalaldehyde.
AB  - A method is presented for the pre-column derivatization of agmatine, arginine,
      citrulline or ornithine with o-phthalaldehyde-2-mercaptoethanol, and subsequent
      separation of the derivatives by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
      Fluorescent response is linear from 10 to 150 pmol of injected analyte and
      detection limits range from 28 to 100 fmol. Response factors relative to the
      internal standard, homocysteic acid, were 1.16 (agmatine and arginine), 1.03
      (citrulline) and 0.34 (ornithine). The applicability of the method to the
      measurement of arginase, arginine deaminase, arginine decarboxylase and other
      enzyme activities in bacterial extracts was examined.

PMID- 3372642
TI  - High-resolution separation of molybdate-stabilized progestin receptors using high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Molecular heterogeneity of the human uterine progestin receptor was investigated
      employing sucrose density gradient centrifugation and high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) in size-exclusion (HPSEC), ion-exchange (HPIEC) and
      chromatofocusing (HPCF) modes. Synthetic progestomimetic ligands, [3H]R5020 and
      [3H]ORG-2058, were used to identify these receptors. Rapid centrifugation with a
      vertical tube rotor showed both 8-9 S and 4-5 S receptor species in the presence
      of 10 mM sodium molybdate with a 90-96% recovery. [3H]R5020 displayed greater
      nonspecific binding than [3H]ORG-2058. When separated receptor preparations were
      labeled, each with a different ligand, mixed and separated on optimized
      gradients, at least two receptor isoforms were identified in the components
      sedimenting at 8-9 S. HPSEC confirmed the presence of receptor isoforms
      displaying different molecular size and shape dependent upon the progestin ligand
      used. When the surface charge properties were examined by HPIEC using AX-1000,
      two distinct species were observed irrespective of the radioactive ligand. The
      first peak appeared in the void volume similar to the position of free steroid,
      indicating the possibility of ligand stripping by the column. The second peak
      bound steroid specifically and eluted with 100 mM phosphate. If either 8-S or 4-S
      progestin receptors were first separated by gradient centrifugation then by
      HPIEC, both receptor isoforms eluted with 60 mM phosphate. Re-chromatography of
      these on HPIEC also gave the isoform eluting at 60 mM phosphate. HPCF of ligand
      bound receptors on AX-500 columns also identified one isoform eluting at pH 5.6
      6.1. Using a combination of HPLC techniques and sucrose gradient centrifugation,
      heterogeneity of the progestin receptor has been demonstrated.

PMID- 3372643
TI  - Influence of column length and pore size on high-performance ion-exchange
      chromatography of estrogen and progestin receptors.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been evaluated to
      establish a routine test in the clinical laboratory for measuring the profiles of
      estrogen and progestin receptor isoforms in human breast and endometrial tumors.
      This procedure will be used to determine if there is a relationship between
      particular isoform profiles and response to various endocrine therapies.
      Evaluation of various HPLC modes has shown that high-performance ion-exchange
      chromatography (HPIEC) with silica-based anion exchangers offers a promising
      approach. In this paper, we have compared HPIEC columns of different lengths (10
      and 25 cm) and pore sizes (300, 500 and 1,000 A) in order to obtain an optimal
      separation procedure. Because of receptor lability, all investigations were
      performed at 4 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of 10-500 mM phosphate
      buffer, supplemented with the stabilizing agent, sodium molybdate at pH 7.4.
      Recoveries from each of the columns were between 70-100%. The length of the
      column did not influence significantly the retention time and salt concentration
      required for elution of receptor proteins. However, pore sizes appeared to alter
      these parameters. With a larger pore size (1,000 A), the retention of proteins
      was lower (elution with 50 mM phosphate) than that observed with the 500-A pore
      size column (elution with 100 mM phosphate) or of the 300-A pore size column
      (elution with 150 mM phosphate). Based solely on recovery patterns and peak
      shape, we conclude that separation of receptor isoforms on a 1,000-A, 25-cm
      column is best suited for clinical analysis.

PMID- 3372644
TI  - Determination of busulfan in human plasma by gas chromatography with electron
      capture detection.
AB  - A simple and highly sensitive gas chromatographic method has been developed for
      the determination of busulfan in human plasma. After extraction of plasma
      specimens (clinical or spiked) with ethyl acetate, busulfan and the internal
      standard [1,8-bis(methanesulfonyloxy)octane] were derivatized with 2,3,5,6
      tetrafluorothiophenol to yield compounds monitored by a 63Ni electron-capture
      detector. Sample recoveries from extraction and derivatization were greater than
      78 and 91%, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 0.01 microgram/ml (0.04
      microM) in 1 ml of plasma with a linear relationship over the 0.01-1.0
      micrograms/ml (0.04-4 microM) concentration range. The method has been applied to
      analyze the plasma versus time profile of busulfan in human subjects following
      administration of an oral dose of 4 mg/kg per day as a marrow ablative
      chemotherapy for bone marrow transplantation.

PMID- 3372645
TI  - Comparison of gas chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic
      assays for the determination of debrisoquine and its 4-hydroxy metabolite in
      human fluids.
AB  - A comparison of an established gas chromatographic assay for 4
      hydroxydebrisoquine and debrisoquine and a modified high-performance liquid
      chromatographic assay was made. Both assays used guanoxan as the internal
      standard and required derivatization of all three compounds with acetylacetone at
      96 degrees C for 2.5 h and subsequent ethereal extraction and cleaning steps
      before chromatographic analysis. For detailed pharmacokinetic studies the gas
      chromatographic assay was more sensitive in the measurement of low concentrations
      in plasma, but the liquid chromatographic assay was adequate for phenotyping the
      4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine in a population. In the latter assay a mobile
      phase consisting of 70% methanol in water at pH 3.5 (adjusted with
      orthophosphoric acid containing 10 mM 1-pentanesulphonic acid was employed (flow
      rate 1.5 ml/min) with a pre-column (C8) linked to a reversed-phase muBondapak C18
      cartridge in a Z-module. The eluate was detected at 248 nm. With this assay it
      was observed that the buccal absorption of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxy
      debrisoquine was affected by the pH of the buccal medium. This indicates that
      urinary pH may influence the excretion of both substances at high pH. The
      debrisoquine-to-4-hydroxydebrisoquine ratio may be dose-dependent.

PMID- 3372646
TI  - Automated determination of drugs in serum by column-switching high-performance
      liquid chromatography. II. Separation of theophylline and its metabolites.
AB  - The automated determination of theophylline and related compounds in human serum
      by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography, including direct
      injection of serum samples, is described. TSK pre-column BSA-ODS and TSK gel ODS
      80TM were used in the pre-column and analytical column, respectively. Serum
      samples of 20 microliters were directly injected on to the pre-column. After
      washing out serum proteins from the pre-column with 0.1 M NaH2PO4 at a flow-rate
      of 1.0 ml/min for 3.5 min, the effluent from the pre-column was introduced on to
      the analytical column by a column-switching device. The analysis was performed by
      stepwise gradient elution using 10 and 18% methanol in 0.1 M NaH2PO4.
      Theophylline and nine derivatives could be determined simultaneously within 40
      min. The recovery of these compounds from serum was 95-103%. The linearity (1.0
      50 micrograms/ml theophylline) and reproducibility (coefficient of variation less
      than 2.0%) were sufficient for drug monitoring at the lower and upper limits of
      therapeutic concentrations of theophylline.

PMID- 3372647
TI  - Optimization of high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis for isoxazolyl
      penicillins using factorial design.
AB  - A 3 X 3 factorial design has been used to study the effects of pH and
      acetonitrile concentration of the eluents on the retention and resolution of
      cloxacillin, flucloxacillin and dicloxacillin on a C18 column. The logarithm of
      the capacity factors of these solutes have been found to vary linearly with the
      pH and quadratically with the acetonitrile content. The equations generated have
      been employed to predict experimental conditions necessary for an optimum
      separation. The chromatographic condition selected has been applied to the
      quantitation of flucloxacillin in human plasma using dicloxacillin as the
      interval standard. Sample preparation consists of protein precipitation and solid
      phase extraction. The detection limit of the assay at 220 nm for flucloxacillin
      is in the region of 0.1 microgram/ml. This assay has been employed in a study of
      the relative bioavailability of two commercial flucloxacillin sodium capsules in
      ten healthy volunteers.

PMID- 3372648
TI  - Identification of 1-guanidino-2-(4-imidazole) propionic acid in human urine by
      high-performance liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3372649
TI  - Quantitation of Li+ in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis with an on-column
      conductivity detector.

PMID- 3372650
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of the high-ceiling diuretic ethacrynic acid
      and its thiol adducts in plasma of guinea pigs.

PMID- 3372651
TI  - Highly sensitive method for determination of isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine by gas
      chromatography with electron-capture detection.

PMID- 3372652
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for urinary metabolites of a drug
      after extraction by antiserum to the drug: an example using erythro-9-(2-hydroxy
      3-nonyl)hypoxanthine.

PMID- 3372653
TI  - Simultaneous determination of nimesulide and hydroxynimesulide in human plasma
      and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3372654
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of doxorubicin and its
      metabolites in plasma and tissue.

PMID- 3372655
TI  - Determination of tauromustine, a nitrosourea-based antitumour agent, in plasma by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3372656
TI  - Mitoxantron determination using high-performance liquid chromatography: improved
      sensitivity by loop-column injection for dual-dose pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 3372657
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitrazepam in plasma and
      its application to pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.

PMID- 3372658
TI  - Effect of column temperature on the retention of peropyrene-type polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons on various chemically bonded stationary phases in reversed
      phase liquid chromatography.
AB  - The effect of column temperature on the reversed-phase retention of polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons has been investigated using various chemically bonded
      phases. Four solutes, coronene, tetrabenzo[a,cd,j,lm]perylene,
      tetrabenzo[a,cd,f,lm]perylene and benzo[lm]phenanthro[4,5,6-abcd]perylene, were
      used as the test probes. The temperature dependences of the retention are almost
      linear (the logarithm of capacity factor is proportional to the reciprocal of the
      column absolute temperature) with monomeric C18, monomeric C18 with endcapping
      and diphenyl bonded phases, while non-linear behaviour was observed with
      polymeric C18 phases. These differences in behaviour of the stationary phases are
      interpreted in terms of their structural differences.

PMID- 3372659
TI  - Automated identification of toxic substances in poisoned human fluids by a
      retention prediction system in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
AB  - An automated identification system based on the retention prediction concept has
      been constructed for toxic substances. The system performance has been evaluated
      for the identification of toxic compounds in poisoned human fluids.

PMID- 3372660
TI  - DNA-nitrosourea interactions. High-performance liquid chromatography of cross
      linked dinucleosides and substituted deoxynucleosides.
AB  - A reconstituted mixture of five cross-linked dinucleosides possibly involved in
      DNA-nitrosourea interactions, and of their degradation products (nucleobases,
      deoxynucleosides and mono- or disubstituted deoxynucleosides), was analysed by
      reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using C18 columns and an
      diode-array detector. The chromatographic conditions for separating the twenty
      one investigated compounds were optimized, and the compounds were identified by
      both their retention times and their UV spectra. A structure-retention time
      relationship was observed under suitable conditions and is discussed. Its
      validity was confirmed by the prediction of the retention time of a new cross
      linked dinucleoside synthesized for this purpose.

PMID- 3372661
TI  - Amino acid analysis: buffers and artifacts.

PMID- 3372662
TI  - E-isozeatin and cis-norzeatin riboside as internal standards for cytokinin
      analyses.

PMID- 3372663
TI  - Separation of fatty acid ester and amide enantiomers by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on chiral stationary phases.
AB  - The enantiomeric resolution of a series of chiral fatty acid epoxide and alpha
      substituted palmitic acid analogues was examined by high-performance liquid
      chromatography on chiral stationary phases. The compounds were chromatographed as
      ester or amide derivatives on commercially available stationary phases that
      consisted of (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine either covalently or
      ionically bonded to aminopropylsilica gel. Factors affecting separation included
      hydrocarbon chain length of the fatty acid, the type of substituents attached to
      the chiral center, the type of derivative, and column temperature. Effects of
      sample size, mobile phase composition, column type, and flow-rate on the
      resolution and separation factor values were also explored.

PMID- 3372664
TI  - Investigation of the tetramer-dimer equilibrium in haemoglobin solutions by high
      performance size-exclusion chromatography on a diol column.
AB  - High-performance size-exclusion chromatography on a diol grafted column was
      applied to study the tetramer-dimer equilibrium in haemoglobin solution. Human
      haemoglobin A, isolated alpha A and beta A subunits and haemoglobin variants with
      structural modifications located at the interface between subunits were used as
      models. The elution volume of the subunits was found to deviate strongly from
      that expected from only a gel permeation mechanism and therefore ionic
      interactions are likely to participate in the protein retention. Experimental
      results and computer simulation indicate that the individual elution bands
      corresponding to the discrete components (tetramer, dimer, monomer) can be
      resolved under certain conditions. In general both the equilibrium and kinetic
      interconversion parameters must be considered. Single tetramer elution bands were
      observed from haemoglobin in the concentration range measurable, although the
      influence of dimers could be seen in the shape and shift of the profile. beta
      Chains showed resolved peaks for the tetramer-dimer forms.

PMID- 3372665
TI  - Separation of amphotericin B components by combined thin-layer and high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Amphotericin B has been separated into five components by the use of thin-layer
      chromatography (TLC) with only methanol as the developing solvent. Each TLC
      component was then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography. Besides
      the two major components found in other studies, amphotericin B was also found to
      contain five other significant heptaenes, one tetraene, two fluorescent polyenes
      (pentaene and heptaene), and at least five other significant components which had
      appreciable absorbance at approximately 305 nm. In addition, amphotericin B was
      found to exhibit as in a previous study by other workers, only a trace amount of
      fluorescence.

PMID- 3372666
TI  - Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in apples and water by gas-liquid
      chromatography with electron-capture detection.

PMID- 3372668
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of chemiluminogenic labels with sensitive
      photoplate detection.

PMID- 3372667
TI  - [Densitometric analysis of heterosides of quercetin in plant extracts].

PMID- 3372669
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of acetaldehyde and acetone in human blood by
      purge and trap, using permeation tubes for calibration.

PMID- 3372670
TI  - Modification to procedures for the determination of chlorophacinone and for multi
      residue analysis of rodenticides in animal tissues.

PMID- 3372671
TI  - Determination of antipyrine in catfish plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 3372673
TI  - Analyses of impurities in methamphetamine by inductively coupled plasma mass
      spectrometry and ion chromatography.

PMID- 3372672
TI  - Analytical and preparative separation of uroporphyrin I and III by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3372674
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of amine antioxidants and antiozonants used in
      elastomers.
AB  - Fifty-four amines used as antioxidants and/or antiozonants for elastomers were
      separated on silica gel thin-layer plates with benzene and benzene-ethyl acetate
      acetone (100:5:1) as developing solvents and N-chloro-2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone
      monoimine in buffered alkaline medium as spray reagent. Benzene-n-hexane (50:50)
      was used to separate diheptyl- and dioctyldiphenylamines. The active agents of
      several imprecisely defined products were identified and the relationships
      between some mixtures were elucidated. The method highlights the numerous minor
      components of these very impure industrial compounds. Some theoretical
      correlations between the chemical structures, the RF values and the colours of
      the spots were also established.

PMID- 3372675
TI  - Polar contributions of the stationary phase to the reversed-phase ion-pair high
      performance liquid chromatographic separation of quaternary ammonium drugs.
AB  - The chromatographic reproducibility of a methodology, developed for the
      separation and determination of quaternary ammonium drugs by reversed-phase ion
      pair column liquid chromatography, was studied. The results in terms of retention
      dependence on the residual silanol content of the octadecyl stationary phase and
      column aging were compared with those obtained with conventional separation
      techniques. By on-column silylation with N-trimethylsilylimidazole, it was
      demonstrated that eluents containing both amines and alkanesulphonates, beside a
      higher resolving power, provide reproducible separations which are far less
      dependent on the residual and generated silanol groups compared to those obtained
      with eluents containing only an organic amine.

PMID- 3372676
TI  - Optimal conditions for the use of cDNA probes to measure the concentration of
      barley yellow dwarf virus in barley (Hordeum vulgare).
AB  - Experiments which optimise the conditions for the measurement of the relative
      concentration of BYDV in barley (Hordeum vulgare) tissues using cDNA probes are
      described herein. These studies have shown that both the pH of the buffer and the
      ratio of buffer to tissue used to homogenise plant material greatly affects the
      amount of cDNA probe which hybridises to leaf extracts immobilised on
      nitrocellulose. These studies also showed that the measurement of this virus was
      greatly facilitated by using a dot-blot apparatus which allows samples contact
      with a piece of nitrocellulose 10 mm in diameter rather than a 3 mm (approx)
      diameter piece of nitrocellulose as is the case with most commercial dot-blot
      apparatuses. Further experiments using this technique showed that there was a
      large difference in the rate of replication of the PAV, BYDV serotype between
      BYDV-resistant and BYDV-susceptible cultivars of barley. These data suggest that
      a BYDV-resistant cultivar can easily be distinguished from a BYDV-susceptible one
      if the BYDV content of leaves is measured between 7 and 14 days after
      inoculation.

PMID- 3372677
TI  - A novel type of pituitary adenoma: morphological features and clinical
      correlations.
AB  - Twenty patients with a novel, frequently aggressive type of pituitary adenoma,
      termed silent subtype 3 adenoma on the basis of fine structural criteria, are
      reported. The surgically removed tumors were studied by morphological techniques,
      and the findings were correlated with clinical and biochemical data. All tumors
      were macroadenomas, often with parasellar extension. The histologically diffuse
      tumors frequently exhibited focal immunopositivity for one or more
      adenohypophysial hormones, although the majority of adenoma cells were negative.
      The tumors had characteristic electron microscopic features, assuring specific
      diagnosis and delineating this tumor type as a distinct ultrastructural entity.
      The tumors were removed from 9 women and 11 men (median ages, 27 and 41 yr,
      respectively). In all women, mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia and its sequelae
      were present from the early phase of the disease, leading to the erroneous
      diagnosis of prolactinoma. Bromocriptine therapy (3 patients) reduced serum PRL
      levels to normal, but failed to halt tumor growth. In men, most adenomas were
      nonfunctioning; 4 men had mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia. Three men had
      elevated serum GH levels and acromegaly, suggestive of multidirectional
      differentiation. Although the putative cell type giving rise to silent subtype 3
      adenomas is not known, the tumor should be recognized to avoid erroneous
      diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

PMID- 3372678
TI  - Skeletal blood flow, iliac histomorphometry, and strontium kinetics in
      osteoporosis: a relationship between blood flow and corrected apposition rate.
AB  - In 20 untreated patients with idiopathic or postmenopausal osteoporosis, kinetic
      studies of skeletal blood flow (using 18F) and bone turnover (using 85Sr) were
      combined with dynamic histomorphometry performed on transiliac biopsies taken
      within 6 weeks of each other. In 8 patients the combined studies were repeated
      after treatment. A further 5 patients were studied only while receiving
      treatment. As expected, skeletal blood flow measured by 18F correlated with an
      index of 85Sr uptake into the exchangeable pools of bone. Additionally and
      independently, skeletal blood flow correlated with an index of the work rate of
      the osteoblasts in each multicellular unit of bone (the corrected apposition rate
      of Parfitt). These correlations were statistically significant in both the
      untreated patients (P less than 0.05) and the whole group (P less than 0.001).
      Further indices related to bone turnover at the level of the skeleton as a whole
      were significantly associated with skeletal blood flow only in the combined
      group.

PMID- 3372679
TI  - Gonadotropin therapy in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: the
      response to human chorionic gonadotropin is predicted by initial testicular size.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether exogenous hCG alone can complete
      spermiogenesis in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). hCG was
      administered to 22 men with IHH until maximal testicular growth was achieved.
      Their mean testicular volume increased from 5.5 +/- 1.1 (+/- SE) mL
      (pretreatment) to 10.8 +/- 1.6 mL (maximum) during treatment (P less than 10(
      6)). The maximum mean testicular volume was highly positively correlated with
      initial volume (r = 0.84; P less than 10(-6)). All men attained normal serum
      testosterone levels, and 7 of 22 men achieved supraphysiological serum estradiol
      levels. During hCG treatment, 14 of the 22 men had sperm appear in their semen.
      Six of 11 men with complete gonadotropin deficiency, defined as an initial mean
      testicular volume less than 4 mL, became sperm positive during hCG treatment. In
      contrast, 9 of 11 men with partial gonadotropin deficiency (initial mean
      testicular volume of 4 mL or more) produced sperm during treatment (P less than
      0.001). Sperm concentration was highly positively correlated with both
      pretreatment (r = 0.65; P less than 0.01) and final testicular volume (r = 0.73;
      P less than 0.0001). Of 13 men attempting to impregnate their partners, 7 were
      successful in initiating conception; a total of 8 pregnancies ensued. The sperm
      concentration at the time of conception was less than 10 million/mL in all but 1
      man. Our study demonstrates that hCG, in the absence of exogenous FSH, can
      complete spermiogenesis in men with partial gonadotropin deficiency. The response
      to hCG in men with IHH is predicted by the initial testicular volume.

PMID- 3372680
TI  - The physiology of growth hormones (GHs) in pregnant women and partial
      characterization of the placental GH variant.
AB  - This work was undertaken to study the heterogeneity of GH in serum and placental
      and pituitary extracts and to study GH physiology in pregnant women. Two distinct
      monoclonal antihuman GH (anti-hGH) antibodies (MAb) coded 5B4 and K24 were
      selected for their high binding affinity and specificity. The 5B4 MAb recognized
      the epitope comprising the NH2-terminal end of hGH, and the K24 MAb recognized an
      internal epitope. Both MAbs were used in RIAs to measure serum GH concentrations
      in various circumstances, including pregnancy. The two RIAs yielded slightly
      different serum GH results in normal men and nonpregnant women, but the overall
      correlation between the data was excellent. Since the RIAs were not affected by
      human placental lactogen, the evolution of serum GH in pregnant women could be
      studied. In such women, serum GH levels progressively declined to undetectable
      levels during the second half of pregnancy, while a pregnancy-associated serum GH
      like antigen [tentatively called human placental growth hormone (PGH)] appeared
      in the circulation at midpregnancy and increased thereafter up to term. PGH
      contained the NH2-terminal epitope of pituitary GH, but lacked the internal one.
      Consequently, it reacted selectively with the 5B4 MAb only. After delivery, PGH
      disappeared from maternal serum within 1 h. Amniotic fluid contained low GH
      concentrations; cord serum contained high GH levels, but no PGH. Thus, PGH
      appears to be secreted selectively into the maternal compartment. PGH was
      purified from term placenta extracts. According to its chromatographic behavior,
      it appears more basic than pituitary 22K and 20K GHs. Size dimorphism was
      demonstrated; PGH was composed of two entities of 22K and 25K, respectively. Pure
      PGH, obtained in small quantities by preparative electrophoresis, was found to
      bind to hepatic GH receptor with an apparent high potency compared to that of
      pituitary GH, PGH, thus, should act in vivo as a GH agonist sharing most of its
      biological properties. These results lead to the conclusion that PGH is likely to
      replace the pituitary hormone in governing maternal metabolism during the second
      half of pregnancy.

PMID- 3372681
TI  - Alcohol effects on naltrexone-induced stimulation of pituitary, adrenal, and
      gonadal hormones during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Chronic alcohol abuse in women is associated with severe derangements of
      menstrual cycle regularity. However, acute alcohol ingestion has no effect on
      pituitary-gonadal secretory function. The purpose of this study was to determine
      whether acute alcohol ingestion altered the effects of naltrexone, a long-acting
      opioid antagonist, on pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal hormones in normal women.
      Fourteen women were studied during the early follicular phase (between days 2 and
      4) of their menstrual cycle. Plasma LH, PRL, estradiol, progesterone, and
      cortisol concentrations were measured before and after administration of 50 mg
      naltrexone, orally, and alcohol or placebo solution given 1 h after naltrexone,
      under double blind conditions. Naltrexone significantly increased mean plasma LH
      (P = 0.02), PRL (P = 0.003), E2 (P less than 0.03), and cortisol (P less than
      0.001) levels. Alcohol significantly augmented the naltrexone-stimulated
      increases in plasma LH (P = 0.006), estradiol (P less than 0.004), and cortisol
      (P less than 0.001) levels and significantly decreased plasma progesterone levels
      (P = 0.001). Plasma PRL increased (P = 0.001) to the same extent after naltrexone
      and alcohol ingestion or naltrexone and placebo. We conclude that alcohol
      enhances naltrexone-induced increases in plasma gonadotropins and adrenal and
      gonadal steroid hormones in women during the early follicular phase of the
      menstrual cycle.

PMID- 3372682
TI  - Lithium stimulates the release of human parathyroid hormone in vitro.
AB  - The effect of lithium on PTH release from human parathyroid tissue was studied
      using a perifusion system and an immunoradiometric assay for intact human PTH.
      Tissue was obtained from three patients undergoing surgery for thyroid disease,
      three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal
      insufficiency, and four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a
      parathyroid adenoma. Addition of lithium in concentrations equivalent to the
      therapeutic serum levels normally attained in man (1.3 mmol/L) resulted in a
      significant (P less than 0.05) increase in PTH release under normocalcemic (1.15
      mmol/L) conditions from normal and hyperplastic tissues. The magnitude of the
      lithium-induced response of PTH release ranged from a 1.4- to 5.3-fold increase
      above basal levels (perifusion with 1.15 mmol/L calcium alone) and was comparable
      to the response during a low calcium (0.42 mmol/L) perifusion. Although the
      response to lithium was delayed compared to that of hypocalcemia, PTH returned to
      basal levels immediately after removal of either stimulator. In contrast,
      parathyroid adenomas did not respond to either lithium or hypocalcemia in a
      characteristic manner, but, rather, functioned in an autonomous fashion with
      repeated pulsatile bursts of PTH release that were not suppressible even under
      hypercalcemic (1.70 mmol/L) conditions. These in vitro studies suggest that
      lithium therapy may elevate serum PTH levels in some patients and could, thus, be
      responsible for hypercalcemia in them.

PMID- 3372683
TI  - Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis immediately after pituitary
      adenomectomy: is perioperative steroid therapy necessary?
AB  - Patients undergoing pituitary adenomectomy are usually given glucocorticoid
      therapy, although there are no data to document the need for such therapy. We
      prospectively studied hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) function in 88
      consecutive pituitary adenoma patients before and after selective adenomectomy,
      excluding those with corticotroph adenomas. Preoperatively, 5 patients had
      adrenal insufficiency (AI); they were treated with glucocorticoids and excluded
      from the analysis. The remaining 83 patients had normal HPA function
      preoperatively and were not given glucocorticoids before, during, or immediately
      after surgery, but were closely monitored, and their serum cortisol levels were
      measured in the immediate postoperative period. Two patients were clinically
      suspected to have AI postoperatively and were treated accordingly. The remaining
      81 patients had no clinical manifestations of AI and received no glucocorticoid
      therapy. Their serum cortisol levels in the immediate postoperative period were
      appropriately elevated. The mean serum cortisol level was 40.5 +/- 11.1 (+/- SD)
      micrograms/dL (1117 +/- 306 nmol/L) 6 h after surgery; serum cortisol levels
      decreased gradually thereafter. Morning serum cortisol levels were within the
      normal range on the fourth, fifth, and sixth days after surgery: day 4, 15.1 +/-
      7.0 micrograms/dL (417 +/- 193 nmol/L); day 5, 16.4 +/- 5.6 micrograms/dL (453 +/
      155 nmol/L); and day 6, 16.3 +/- 5.7 micrograms/dL (450 +/- 157 nmol/L). When
      tested 3 months after surgery, all 81 patients had normal HPA function. We
      conclude that HPA function is rarely compromised after selective pituitary
      adenomectomy. Close observation and serum cortisol measurements in the immediate
      postoperative period can reliably predict the integrity of the HPA after surgery.
      Routine glucocorticoid therapy is not needed in patients undergoing selective
      adenomectomy whose preoperative adrenal function is normal.

PMID- 3372684
TI  - Determination of follicle regulatory protein levels in urine during the normal
      menstrual cycle using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.
AB  - A protein from follicular fluid [referred to as follicle regulatory protein
      (FRP)] which inhibits aromatase activity in granulosa cells was recently isolated
      and partially characterized. The purified FRP was used to produce a monoclonal
      antibody which was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay suitable
      for quantitation of FRP in urine. Twelve normal premenopausal women underwent
      daily collection of blood and first morning urine samples, beginning on the 1st
      day of menses, as well as daily ultrasonographic evaluation of follicular
      diameter, beginning on the 10th day of the menstrual cycle, until the onset of
      the next menses. Serum estradiol, progesterone, LH, and FSH levels were
      determined by RIA. Urinary FRP levels increased in the midfollicular phase,
      reached their zenith in the midluteal phase [mean, 0.38 +/- 0.03 (+/- SE)
      immunoreactive units; 1 immunoreactive unit = approximately 1 ng FRP/mL.mg
      creatinine], and then declined to reach their nadir (not detectable) during the
      early follicular phase. Immunohistochemical evaluation of ovarian tissue
      demonstrated that anti-FRP localized to mural granulosa cells in viable
      follicles, to all follicular epithelial cells in atretic follicles, and to the
      large cells of the corpus luteum. These findings indicate that immunoreactive FRP
      levels in urine change during the menstrual cycle and suggest a relationship
      among FRP, follicular maturation, and corpus luteum formation.

PMID- 3372685
TI  - Supranormal stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in FRTL5 cells by
      serum from patients with untreated acromegaly.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is one of a number of mitogenic factors in
      the serum of animals and humans. We demonstrated previously that IGF-I is a
      potent mitogen for FRTL5 cells, a line of rat thyroid follicular cells. In this
      study, we assessed the relevance of this finding with respect to the levels of
      IGF-I found in human serum by comparing the effects of normal serum and serum
      from patients with untreated acromegaly or hypopituitarism on DNA synthesis in
      quiescent FRTL5 cells. As expected, when added to cells maintained in Coon's
      modified Ham's F-12 medium containing 0.1% BSA, but devoid of insulin,
      transferrin, TSH, or calf serum, normal serum produced a dose-dependent
      stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. A similar, but more marked,
      effect was produced by the addition of serum from patients with untreated
      acromegaly. In multiple experiments, a standard concentration (0.5%) of
      acromegaly serum was more stimulatory to DNA synthesis than was normal serum. In
      a single experiment designed to eliminate interassay variation and define the
      relationship between the ability of serum to stimulate DNA synthesis and its IGF
      I concentration, studies were performed with 0.5% concentrations of serum from 9
      normal subjects, 15 patients with untreated acromegaly, and 3 patients with
      panhypopituitarism. On the average, [3H]thymidine incorporation in the presence
      of serum from patients with acromegaly was approximately 3 times, and that in the
      presence of serum from patients with hypopituitarism only one fourth, that in the
      presence of serum from normal subjects; there was no overlap of individual values
      in the three groups. For the entire study group, we found a highly significant
      correlation (r = 0.86) between the serum IGF-I concentration and the ability of
      that serum to stimulate thymidine incorporation into the DNA of FRTL5 cells. The
      stimulatory effects of serum from both normal and acromegalic subjects were
      decreased or abolished by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against IGF-I. In
      hypophysectomized rats, GH increases the thyroid to body weight ratio and
      enhances the effect of TSH to promote thyroid growth. Further, an inordinate
      frequency of nontoxic goiter in patients with acromegaly has been reported. Taken
      together with these observations, our findings suggest that the effect of IGF-I
      to promote thyroid cell growth in vitro has a counterpart in the living animal or
      patient.

PMID- 3372686
TI  - The effects of race and body habitus on bone mineral density of the radius, hip,
      and spine in premenopausal women.
AB  - The incidence of osteoporosis and fractures of the hip are diminished in blacks
      and in obese subjects. To determine whether bone mass is increased in them, bone
      mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck was
      measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 89 nonobese white and 51 nonobese black
      women, all of whom were within 30% of their ideal body weight and between the
      ages of 20 and 50 yr, and in 21 obese white women and 21 obese black women, all
      of whom weighed 30% on more than their ideal body weight and were in the same age
      range. The BMD of the mid radius was also measured by single photon
      absorptiometry. The mean BMD of the mid radius was higher in black than in white
      nonobese women [0.73 +/- 0.01 (+/- SE) vs. 0.70 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01]
      and was not altered by obesity in either group. The mean BMD was higher in the
      black than in the white nonobese women at the lumbar spine (1.23 +/- 0.02 vs.
      1.16 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01), trochanter (0.78 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.72 +/-
      0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01) and femoral neck (0.96 +/- 0.02 vs 0.90 +/- 0.02
      g/cm2; P less than 0.02). The mean body weight was higher in the obese than in
      the nonobese white women (92 +/- 2 vs. 61 +/- 1 kg; P less than 0.001) and black
      women (94 +/- 3 vs. 63 +/- 1 kg; P less than 0.001). The mean BMD was higher in
      the obese than in the nonobese white women at the lumbar spine (1.24 +/- 0.03
      g/cm2; P less than 0.05), trochanter (0.89 +/- 0.04; P less than 0.001), and
      femoral neck (0.99 +/- 0.03; P less than 0.01) and was higher in the obese than
      in the nonobese black women at the lumbar spine (1.33 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P less tham
      0.01), trochanter (0.88 +/- 0.04 g/cm2; P less than 0.05), and femoral neck (1.04
      +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P less than 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed
      positive correlations between body weight and BMD at each of the 3 weight-bearing
      sites, but not at the mid radius, in both the black women and white
      women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372687
TI  - Effects of acute high dose and chronic low dose estrogen on plasma somatomedin-C
      and growth in patients with Turner's syndrome.
AB  - Previously reported data with regard to the effects of estrogen on plasma
      somatomedin-C (Sm-C) concentrations are contradictory. This study was designed to
      evaluate, in the same subjects with Turner's syndrome, the effects of both acute
      high dose and chronic low dose estrogen treatment on plasma Sm-C concentrations.
      Eight girls with Turner's syndrome, aged 10 8/12 to 14 9/12 yr, were admitted to
      the Clinical Research Center for 3 days. Each received an iv infusion of
      conjugated estrogens (1.25 or 2.5 mg) in 12 h. Plasma Sm-C and serum GH and
      estrone levels were measured before, during, and after the infusion. The mean
      serum concentrations in the girls who received 1.25 mg conjugated estrogen
      increased from less than 222 pmol/L to 1905 +/- 240 (+/- SE), 825 +/- 166, and
      296 +/- 74 pmol/L immediately after, 12 h after, and 24 h after completion of the
      infusion, respectively. Serum GH concentrations were undetectable (less than 1
      microgram/L) before, during, and after the infusion. The mean plasma Sm-C
      concentrations decreased significantly (P = 0.02) after the infusion was
      terminated, falling from a mean basal value of 1.3 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) to a nadir of
      0.6 +/- 0.1 U/mL 12 h after completion of the infusion. The same girls then were
      treated with low dose (5 micrograms ethinyl estradiol) estrogen therapy for 9-14
      months. Seven of the eight girls had an increase in growth rate. The mean growth
      rate increased from 2.0 +/- 0.5 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 and 3.8 +/- 0.4 cm/yr from 3 to 6
      (P less than 0.05) and from 9 to 14 months of treatment, respectively. Individual
      variability was great, however, and two of the eight girls never grew at a rate
      faster than 4.0 cm/yr during therapy. No consistent alteration in bone age
      relative to chronological age was found, and the growth response was not
      predicted by the bone age at the beginning of treatment. Mean plasma Sm-C
      concentrations did not change. These studies demonstrated a growth spurt in girls
      with Turner's syndrome during chronic low dose estrogen therapy, which was not
      associated with any change in plasma Sm-C concentrations. Acute high dose iv
      estrogen infusion resulted in a significant decline in plasma Sm-C
      concentrations. These results support the concept that in girls with Turner's
      syndrome the plasma Sm-C response to estrogen is influenced by multiple, as yet
      undefined, factors.

PMID- 3372688
TI  - Placental lactogen and growth hormone receptors in human fetal tissues:
      relationship to fetal plasma human placental lactogen concentrations and fetal
      growth.
AB  - The specific binding of human placental lactogen (hPL) and human GH (hGH) to
      particulate cell membranes from human fetal liver and skeletal muscle at 12-19
      weeks gestation was examined. Fetal liver and muscle specifically bound
      [125I]hPL. This binding was inhibited by increasing concentrations of unlabeled
      hPL (half-maximal concentrations, 2.2 and 3.4 nmol/L, respectively). Scatchard
      analysis of the hepatic membrane binding revealed curvilinear plots with higher
      (Kd, 2.2 nmol/L) and lower (Kd, 24 nmol/L) affinity sites, while binding to
      muscle involved a single receptor class of Kd 5.6 nmol/L. The binding capacities
      for the two hepatic sites correlated positively with fetal body weight. [125I]hGH
      specifically bound to liver, but not muscle, with higher (Kd, 1.6 nmol/L) and
      lower (Kd, 8.6 nmol/L) affinity sites. [125I]PRL bound to hepatic membranes, but
      was preferentially displaced by hPL or hGH. Between 4 and 500 micrograms/L (mean,
      82 micrograms/L, 3.8 nmol/L) hPL were present in fetal plasma. The findings
      identify distinct hPL receptors in human fetal liver and skeletal muscle and a
      hepatic hGH receptor in midgestation.

PMID- 3372689
TI  - In vivo dynamics of luteinizing hormone secretion and clearance in man:
      assessment by deconvolution mechanics.
AB  - The dynamics of LH secretion and clearance were studied in vivo in eight healthy
      young men using a novel multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to resolve
      underlying secretion and clearance rates simultaneously from serial serum
      immunoactive LH concentrations. This deconvolution analysis disclosed random LH
      secretory bursts occurring at a mean (+/- SEM) interpulse interval of 72 +/- 5
      min. The frequency of these secretory bursts was 6.9 +/- 0.6 episodes/8 h. Each
      resolved LH secretory event had an average half-duration of only 7.8 +/- 0.5 min,
      which was remarkably shorter than the LH concentration peak duration of 60 +/- 6
      min. The maximal LH secretory rate achieved within a secretory burst averaged
      0.40 +/- 0.05 mIU/min.mL (0.14 IU/min.L), which corresponded to a mass of LH
      released of 3.2 +/- 0.3 mIU/mL distribution vol (IU/L). By linear regression
      analysis, both the maximal rate and mass of LH released per secretory burst were
      positively correlated with the duration of the subsequent interpulse interval (P
      less than 0.001). In physiological experiments, the mass of LH released per
      secretory burst was increased by iv GnRH injections or primary gonadal failure,
      and decreased by sc administration of a selective GnRH antagonist (Nal,Glu-GnRH).
      The mean endogenous LH production rate calculated by deconvolution [180 +/- 40
      mIU/min (0.18 IU/min)] was not different from a nominal value of 228 +/- 80
      mIU/min (0.228 IU/min) extrapolated from earlier steady state LH infusions.
      Deconvolution estimated single phase half-times of endogenous LH disappearance of
      87 +/- 8 min, were in general harmony with values of 44-106 min obtained
      previously in four LH-deficient men injected with purified LH. Moreover, creation
      of synthetic LH series using our deconvolution estimates yielded 24-h LH pulse
      profiles similar quantitatively and qualitatively to those in normal men. In
      summary, we applied a new multiple parameter deconvolution procedure to
      immunoactive LH pulse profiles to discern the nature of physiological LH
      secretory events and estimate endogenous LH disappearance rates. These studies in
      normal men have revealed that 1) LH secretory bursts occur every 72 min; their
      mean half-duration is 7.8 min; and 3.2 mIU/mL (3.2 IU/L) are released per
      secretory peak; 2) amplitudes of in vivo LH secretory bursts are augmented in
      primary gonadal failure and/or by exogenous GnRH injections and attenuated by a
      GnRH antagonist; 3) the duration of a postsecretory pause is proportional to the
      amplitude of the preceding LH secretory burst; and (4) 95% of total daily LH
      release occurs in only 5 h/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372690
TI  - Radiation-induced thyroid neoplasms: evidence for familial susceptibility
      factors.
AB  - To determine if there is a familial component to susceptibility to radiation
      induced thyroid neoplasms, we studied 572 individuals who were members of 286
      sibpairs who received childhood radiation treatment and for whom follow-up
      information was obtained. Of these 572 individuals, 240 (42.0%) had thyroid
      neoplasms (benign and malignant), and 75 (13.1%) had surgically confirmed thyroid
      cancer. To test the null hypothesis, that neoplasm occurred without regard to
      family membership, it was necessary to take into account each individual's years
      at risk and known risk factors. These risk factors, analyzed by the proportional
      hazards model of Cox, were sex, age at time of radiation treatment, and treatment
      dose. For each individual, we calculated the cumulative hazard that a neoplasm
      would occur from that individual's specific risk factors and years at risk. Each
      individual was also assigned an indicator, D = 1 or 0, according to whether a
      neoplasm had occurred. Finally, for each individual we computed a residual, D
      minus the cumulative hazard. In the absence of familial effects, positive and
      negative residuals would be distributed without regard to family membership,
      whereas residuals would tend to have concordant signs and magnitudes within
      families if familial effects were present. Permutational methods, therefore, were
      used to determine whether the sum among families of the products of residuals
      within sibpairs was too large, compared to random pairing. For all thyroid
      neoplasms (both benign and malignant), within-family concordance was significant
      (P = 0.05, the observed sum among families of the products of residuals was
      larger than 9468 of 9999 permutations). For thyroid cancer considered alone, the
      same analysis did not demonstrate familial concordance conclusively, but the
      results were suggestive (P = 0.18). We conclude that in addition to the
      previously described risk factors of female sex, younger age at radiation
      exposure, and higher dose, it is likely that there are independent familial risk
      factors for developing thyroid neoplasms. Whether these are genetic or
      environmental factors remains to be determined.

PMID- 3372692
TI  - Selective filtration of abnormal spermatozoa by the cervical mucus.
AB  - The Dusseldorf classification of spermatozoal morphology in semen is based on the
      spermatogenesis in the testis. So it is possible in some cases to relate a
      pathological finding in semen to a special disorder in the testis. We have tested
      the filtering effect of the cervical mucus on the various spermatozoal forms by
      performing a post-coital test from the upper cervical region after artificial
      insemination from the husband (AIH). It was found that in addition to the
      motility of spermatozoa their outer shape is very important for their transport
      through the cervical canal. Pathological spermatozoa with a rather normal-shaped
      head like AI and AII forms will pass the cervix almost like normal spermatozoa.
      In a superficial post-coital test they can be classified as 'normal'. Still, they
      are not able to fertilize an egg.

PMID- 3372691
TI  - Enhanced neutrophil chemiluminescence in familial Mediterranean fever.
AB  - Familial Mediterranean Fever is a disorder of unknown cause characterized by
      recurrent, self-limited paroxysms of serosal inflammation. Although the
      neutrophil is the predominant cell involved, no cellular abnormalities are known.
      Chemiluminescence was studied in neutrophils from 20 asymptomatic patients with
      this disease and 21 healthy controls to evaluate the oxidative response to formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe). In a subset of patients with
      familial Mediterranean fever, neutrophils but not monocytes were shown to have
      significantly enhanced chemiluminescence compared to controls. The enhanced
      responsiveness of neutrophils to f-met-leu-phe in this disease was found to occur
      at a postreceptor level. Receptor binding assays demonstrated no differences in
      binding affinity and receptor number between patients and controls. In addition,
      a similar enhancement in chemiluminescence was observed with an alternative
      stimulus (zymosan). In contrast to chemiluminescence, chemotaxis induced by f-met
      leu-phe was not enhanced in patients with familial Mediterranean fever. The
      enhanced neutrophil chemiluminescence may identify a subclinical inflammatory
      state in attack-free patients with familial Mediterranean fever, as enhanced
      chemiluminescence is also observed in chronic inflammatory diseases with active
      inflammation.

PMID- 3372693
TI  - Prognostic value of pre-ovulatory serum progesterone, LH and oestradiol-17 beta
      levels in stimulated cycles for in-vitro fertilization.
AB  - The prognostic value of a decrease in oestradiol-17 beta (E2) on the day after
      HCG injection in stimulated cycles has been related to a premature increase in
      plasma progesterone (P) on the day before HCG injection. This retrospective study
      was carried out on 363 patients who were divided into four groups. Patients in
      group A were given clomiphene citrate plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG)
      to stimulate follicle growth, and they were subdivided into subgroups A1 and A2
      who showed an increase or a decrease in E2 levels after HCG injection. The
      changes in E2 were greater than 10% of the levels on the previous day. Patients
      in group B were stimulated by HMG and were similarly subdivided into subgroups B1
      and B2 according to their E2 levels. The number of oocytes recovered and the
      incidence of pregnancy was significantly higher in A2 as compared with A1, and
      higher but not significantly so in B2 versus B1. Moreover, in subgroups A1 and B1
      the day before the decrease of E2 was marked by a significant rise in LH before
      the HCG injection. We suggest that oocyte recovery is deferred in these cases.

PMID- 3372694
TI  - Semi-automated analysis of manually reconstructed tracks of progressively motile
      human spermatozoa.
AB  - Several alternative algorithms for computer-assisted derivation of measurements
      of movement characteristics from manually reconstructed tracks of progressively
      motile human spermatozoa were compared. Fifty tracks were reconstructed at 30 Hz
      from video recordings and analysed using traditional manual methods and by four
      combinations of computer algorithms. The best algorithm set was identified
      ('Videomot.mdpt') and the values for the curvilinear, average path and linear
      velocities (VCVL, VAVE and VLIN respectively), the amplitude of lateral
      displacement of the sperm head about the axis of progression (AH) and the number
      of times the sperm head crossed the average path (the 'beat/cross frequency',
      BXF) obtained using it were compared to those obtained by manual analysis. There
      was a considerable time saving when the computer-assisted method was used and the
      values it gave for the various movement characteristics showed good
      correspondence with those obtained manually. In addition, repeated data entry and
      analysis was found to be highly reproducible. When the tracks were re-plotted at
      6 Hz (as used by the multiple-exposure photomicrography method for sperm motility
      analysis) insufficient information remained in the tracks for reliable
      determination of anything other than VLIN. We conclude that the Videomot.mdpt
      program provides reliable values for the movement characteristics of
      progressively motile human spermatozoa, and believe it will be of great value in
      the validation of commercial systems providing automated sperm movement analysis
      and in laboratories which do not have access to such costly equipment.

PMID- 3372695
TI  - Morphology and fertility after re-anastomosis of the rabbit fallopian tube with
      fibrin glue.
AB  - Morphology and fertility were studied in 20 female New Zealand White rabbits
      after re-anastomosis of the Fallopian tube with fibrin glue and conventional
      microsurgical techniques. All oviducts were patent postoperatively. No
      intraperitoneal adhesions were observed. There were no significant differences
      with regard to the number of corpora lutea, implantations and the nidation index.
      Morphological studies demonstrated a normal fold pattern and ciliation at the
      side of anastomosis in the sealed oviducts as well as in the sutured oviducts. No
      intraluminal fibrin deposits were found. For re-anastomosis of the Fallopian tube
      with fibrin glue, splinting is necessary. In some instances this may be related
      to a mucosal trauma. However, under optimal conditions the use of fibrin glue is
      equivalent to conventional microsurgical anastomosis of the oviduct. For
      tubocornual, ampullary--ampullary and isthmic--ampullary anastomoses with luminal
      disparity, fibrin glue seems to be inappropriate.

PMID- 3372696
TI  - Sperm penetration through cervical mucus in infertile couples in relation to
      selected cervical factors.
AB  - One-hundred-and-fourteen women of infertile marriages with negative post-coital
      test (PCT) results were studied. The women were divided into three groups: those
      with anatomical anomalies of the cervix, abnormalities of the cervical mucus and
      a negative PCT and normal parameters in cervical mucus. Patients were treated
      with mestranol when the physicochemical characteristics of the cervical mucus
      were impaired. Those with antispermatozoal antibodies found by means of the Katsh
      test were treated with desensitizing therapy, condoms and homologous artificial
      insemination (AIH). Among all the patients therapy resulted in 23 pregnancies.
      After applying these treatments to women, 49 of them (43%) had positive PCT
      results.

PMID- 3372697
TI  - Microsurgery of ovarian endometriosis.
AB  - A long-term follow-up study of 92 patients with ovarian endometriosis treated
      with microsurgical techniques showed that although endometriosis may persist in
      many patients, only seven patients required repeat ovarian surgery. Microsurgical
      techniques are to be recommended for the treatment of ovarian endometriosis and
      the prevention of postoperative adhesive disease of the ovaries.

PMID- 3372698
TI  - Assessment of heterospecific zona-free ovum penetration under fully defined
      conditions.
AB  - The prognostic value of the sperm penetration assay (SPA) using zona-free hamster
      ova has not been universally accepted. This is partly due to technical problems
      with the assay, resulting in 5-17% false negative results. The advantage of
      replacing albumin with defined synthetic polymers in the SPA culture media,
      increasing the calcium gradient and incorporating potential active tract agents
      and antioxidants, has been investigated. These studies have resulted in the
      development of a procedure that has produced no negative results among known
      fertile donors (n = 55). Application of this technique to a non-specific group of
      patients with suspected sub-fertility produced a different pattern of sperm
      penetration compared with the 'standard' SPA in 27% of cases. Improved sperm
      velocity, motile survival, enhanced hyaluronidase release and rate of acrosome
      induction were noted using the synthetic media.

PMID- 3372699
TI  - Pre-implantation diagnosis of HPRT-deficient male and carrier female mouse
      embryos by trophectoderm biopsy.
AB  - In an animal model for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the affected male embryos, as well
      as the carrier female embryos, have been successfully identified by biochemical
      microassay of a sample of trophectoderm cells taken from the mouse embryos at the
      blastocyst stage. The embryos were removed from the uterus, diagnosed and
      returned to the uterus within 2 days without the need for cryopreservation. The
      diagnosis was confirmed at 14 days gestation by analysis of the hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) status of the fetuses. Live young were obtained
      from biopsied embryos after transfer.

PMID- 3372700
TI  - The influence of cooling on the properties of the zona pellucida of the mouse
      oocyte.
AB  - Mouse oocytes were exposed to a variety of cooling regimes prior to insemination
      in vitro. Exposure to 4 degrees C, but not to 25 degrees C, was associated with a
      reduced fertilization rate, but development to the blastocyst stage of those
      oocytes that fertilized was not consistently different from that of non-cooled
      controls. The reduced fertilization rate seems to result from an effect of
      cooling on the zona pellucida, since it was not observed if the zona was removed
      prior to insemination, and since cooling rendered the zona pellucida resistant to
      the action of chymotrypsin. Using chymotrypsin resistance as an assay, the nature
      of the cooling-induced effect on the zona was investigated. It is suggested that
      rapid cooling to 4 degrees C may promote release of cortical granules and a
      premature zona reaction.

PMID- 3372701
TI  - Normal in-vivo development of marmoset monkey embryos after trophectoderm biopsy.
AB  - A procedure was developed to remove trophectoderm cells from day-8 blastocysts of
      the marmoset monkey. Using micromanipulative techniques, a tear was made in the
      zona pellucida opposite the inner cell mass which facilitated the controlled
      herniation of trophectoderm cells as the blastocysts developed in vitro. After 24
      h (day-9 blastocysts) and 48 h (day-10 blastocysts) of culture approximately 20%
      and approximately 50% respectively of the blastocyst had herniated. The herniated
      trophectoderm was cut off by freehand and the biopsied blastocysts transferred to
      recipients. Normal offspring were born but pregnancies could be established from
      day-10 blastocysts only if the recipients were treated with human chorionic
      gonadotrophin during early pregnancy. One pregnancy was established after the
      transfer of three frozen biopsied day-10 blastocysts. Biopsies of 30-50 cells
      from day-10 blastocysts could be readily grown in vitro as trophoblast vesicles
      to in excess of 1000 cells but biopsies of less than 20 cells from day-9
      blastocysts formed a monolayer of binucleated and multinucleated cells with
      limited cell replication. Assuming human trophectoderm cells have a similar
      capacity to the marmoset to grow in vitro, the application of this technique to
      human blastocysts would provide sufficient cells on which the preimplantation
      diagnosis of a genetic disorder could be made.

PMID- 3372702
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay for triiodothyronine sulfate.
AB  - This paper is the first description of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for
      triiodothyronine sulfate (T3S). Rabbits were immunized against T3S coupled to
      bovine serum albumin using carbodiimide. All animals produced antibodies to T3S
      but also even higher titers of T3 antibodies. Ka values for binding of T3 and T3S
      to these antisera varied between 2 x 10(10) and 8 x 10(10) M-1. One of the
      antisera (#8193) was selected for use in the T3S RIA because of a high titer of
      T3S antibodies (final dilution 1:50,000), a high sensitivity to T3S (less than
      2.5 fmol/tube), and a low crossreactivity by T3 (0.4%). This RIA provides a tool
      for the study of the importance of sulfation as a metabolic pathway for T3.

PMID- 3372703
TI  - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using alkaline phosphatase conjugated with
      streptococcal protein G.
AB  - Protein G, an IgG-binding protein, purified from the surface of group G
      streptococci, was coupled to alkaline phosphatase. The conjugate was used for
      detection of polyclonal goat and rabbit antibodies and monoclonal mouse IgG1,
      IgG2a and IgG2b in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A two-step coupling
      procedure was used, in which glutaraldehyde was allowed to react with the enzyme,
      excess glutaraldehyde was then removed by dialysis, and finally protein G added
      to the glutaraldehyde-activated and polymerized alkaline phosphatase. The
      activity and yield of the conjugates were then tested in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay. Coupling of 25 micrograms protein G to 5 mg alkaline
      phosphatase gave a conjugate which could be used for more than 10,000
      determinations with maximal antibody binding giving an absorbance of 2.0. Under
      these conditions, there was no need for separation of the reactants before using
      the protein G-alkaline phosphatase complex.

PMID- 3372704
TI  - The response of depressed inpatients to isocarboxazid.
AB  - Fifty-six inpatients with unipolar depression completed treatment with
      isocarboxazid. In comparing the differences between responders and nonresponders,
      it was found that psychomotor retardation, pathological guilt, daily persistence
      of unremitting symptoms, phobic anxiety, dexamethasone suppression test
      nonsuppression, and neuroticism were significantly more common among
      nonresponders. Reactivity of mood, blaming others, and extraversion were more
      common in responders. Total endogenous depression scores on the Newcastle 1,
      Newcastle 2, and Michigan scales were also significantly higher in nonresponders.
      Attained platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition was similar in both groups.

PMID- 3372705
TI  - Effects of alpha 2-receptor blockade in addition to tricyclic antidepressants in
      therapy-resistant depression.
AB  - It was investigated whether yohimbine, a primarily alpha 2-receptor blocking
      agent, may have an antidepressant effect when given in addition to tricyclic
      antidepressants. After at least two unsuccessful preliminary antidepressant
      treatments for a minimum of 4 weeks each, patients received, in addition to
      tricyclics, yohimbine in increasing doses for 7 days. None of the five patients
      investigated demonstrated any improvement in depressive symptomatology and four
      of the five suffered from such side effects as severe anxiety, inner
      restlessness, psychomotor agitation, and tremor. During intravenous
      administration of 2.5 and 20 mg yohimbine, significant increases in
      norepinephrine values and systolic blood pressure were observed. It was concluded
      that a combination of yohimbine and tricyclic antidepressants seems to have
      little indication due to yohimbine's lack of efficacy and the high incidence of
      side effects in the treatment of severely depressed inpatients.

PMID- 3372706
TI  - Pretreatment systolic orthostatic blood pressure (PSOP) and treatment response in
      elderly depressed inpatients.
AB  - This study evaluated the utility of morning pretreatment systolic orthostatic
      blood pressure (PSOP) in predicting clinical response to treatment with
      nortriptyline (N = 11) or electroconvulsive therapy (N = 6) in 17 depressed
      geriatric inpatients (mean age, 70.4 +/- 5.1). Morning PSOP showed a significant
      inverse correlation with percent change in Hamilton depression ratings (rho = 
      0.59, p less than 0.01; r = -0.52, p less than 0.02). In nortriptyline-treated
      patients (N = 10, excluding one outlier), PSOP was significantly correlated with
      percent change in Hamilton ratings (rho = -0.55, p less than 0.05); a similar
      association was also found in the subsample of electroconvulsive therapy-treated
      patients (N = 6, rho = -0.77, p less than 0.05). Patients with PSOP less than or
      equal to 10 mm Hg averaged 83% improvement in Hamilton depression ratings versus
      64% improvement in patients with PSOP less than or equal to 10 mm Hg (p less than
      0.05). In an age-equated contrast group of 15 inpatients with mixed clinical
      pictures of depression and cognitive impairment (11 with primary degenerative
      dementia with depressive features and four with major depressive disorder with
      cognitive impairment), no relation between PSOP and treatment response (as
      measured by Hamilton ratings) was found. The current findings extend earlier work
      in medically healthy, nonsuicidal geriatric depressed outpatients and suggest
      that PSOP may also be useful in predicting treatment response in older,
      cognitively intact depressed inpatients (many with concurrent medical illness
      and/or suicidal) but not in mixed depression-dementia.

PMID- 3372707
TI  - Long-term response to carbamazepine: a retrospective study.
AB  - Carbamazepine is now used by many clinicians in the treatment of bipolar disorder
      (BD) refractory to standard treatments, including lithium and neuroleptics.
      Little information is yet available about the utility and efficacy of this novel
      treatment during long-term use. We carried out a retrospective study of 50
      patients (34 with BD) who had received carbamazepine for the treatment of a
      psychotic disorder. Two-thirds (22) of the BD patients and two of the 16 patients
      with other diagnoses appeared to respond to carbamazepine acutely. However,
      follow-up 3 to 4 years later revealed that only eight patients (seven with BD)
      were still receiving the drug. In only two cases was the treating psychiatrist
      convinced that carbamazepine was clearly beneficial. Side effects, particularly
      hematological abnormalities, during both short- and long-term treatment were
      troublesome. Carbamazepine may only infrequently be useful in the long-term care
      of patients who fail to respond to standard treatment.

PMID- 3372708
TI  - View from the nation's courts. Psychiatrists' responsibility to protect persons
      who may be endangered by their patients.

PMID- 3372709
TI  - Exacerbation by dextroamphetamine of spasticity in a patient with motor neuron
      disease.

PMID- 3372710
TI  - Migraine and panic disorder.

PMID- 3372711
TI  - Lorazepam and oxazepam in the treatment of panic disorder.

PMID- 3372712
TI  - Adinazolam, a fast-acting antidepressant, is tolerated during general anesthesia.

PMID- 3372713
TI  - Myoclonus with trazodone.

PMID- 3372714
TI  - Status epilepticus following ECT in a patient receiving theophylline.

PMID- 3372715
TI  - The effect of benzodiazepines on tardive dyskinesia symptoms.

PMID- 3372716
TI  - Benzodiazepines may antagonize muscarinic mechanisms: relevance to the
      interpretation of results of the pupil cycle induction test.

PMID- 3372717
TI  - Thyroid function monitoring for lithium-treated patients.

PMID- 3372718
TI  - Six weeks of diazepam treatment in normal women: effects on psychomotor
      performance and psychophysiology.
AB  - Effects of a therapeutic dose of diazepam (15 mg daily), administered over a 6
      week period, were assessed in nonanxious female volunteers. No acute effects of
      the 5-mg dose of diazepam on performance were observed, but two types of effects
      were observed on physiology: (1) direct changes on some measures (e.g., skin
      conductance) and (2) an absence or attenuation of changes expected on the basis
      of data obtained with a placebo group. The latter effect was found for systolic
      blood pressure both initially and again after 6 weeks of medication. When
      performance measured in the morning prior to the first 5-mg dose was compared
      with that of the morning prior to the last 5-mg dose, 6 weeks later, two types of
      impairment were found in the diazepam group: (1) decrements in performance (e.g.,
      digit span) and (2) a failure to show expected improvement (e.g., DSST).
      Performance impairment due to reduced motivation was ruled out by a motivational
      component of the test battery. Performance tended to return to predrug levels 2
      weeks after discontinuation of medication. When physiology was measured in the
      morning prior to the first dose of the day, 6 weeks of treatment produced
      decreases in skin conductance, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Blood
      pressure and heart rate, but not skin conductance, returned to predrug levels 2
      weeks after discontinuation of medication. Results of this study indicate that
      the long-term effects of diazepam can differ from the acute effects and that both
      acute and long-term effects can take at least two forms, depending upon the
      behavior or physiological process measured.

PMID- 3372719
TI  - Unilateral odor deprivation: early postnatal changes in olfactory bulb cell
      density and number.
AB  - Surgical closure of an external naris of the rat from postnatal day 1 to day 30
      results in a 25% decrease in the size of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb.
      Decreases in size must result from changes in either the number of neurons and/or
      glia, or their size or both. The present study was designed to quantify cell
      density (Nv) and number at various early postnatal ages in order to examine both
      normal patterns of maturation and sequences of change resulting from deprivation.
      Data from control subjects indicated that numbers of mitral cells remained
      constant while numbers of external tufted cells increased. Both relay cell
      populations exhibited increases in nuclear size suggestive of substantial
      postnatal differentiation. All interneuronal and glial populations increased in
      number, although differences in maturational patterns were observed between cell
      species. For example, light and dark subpopulations of granule cells differed in
      the timing of peak cellular density, and an inside-to-outside gradient of
      maturation was found for dark granule cells. Growth curves were generally similar
      in occluded and control pups until approximately day 20, when deprivation
      resulted in decreased number and nuclear area of external tufted cells and
      density and number of granule cells and their associated glia. Light granule
      cells were affected earlier than dark cells, perhaps because of their earlier
      arrival in the granule cell layer. The affected cell groups represent the last
      relay and interneuronal populations to be generated, perhaps explaining their
      particular susceptibility to the effects of experience. Most of the changes
      emerged late, thus suggesting that they represent the culmination of a series of
      experience-induced changes within the maturing bulb. The observed effects may
      result from either altered cellular proliferation or death patterns (or both),
      alternatives now under investigation.

PMID- 3372720
TI  - Distribution of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cell bodies in the male and female
      rat: II. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala.
AB  - The distribution of cholecystokinin-immunoreactive (CCK-I) cell bodies was
      studied in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and amygdaloid complex
      of colchicine-treated male and female rats. Immunoreactive cells were visualized
      in the BST medial amygdaloid (MeA), central lateral, basolateral, basolateral
      ventral, medial, intercalated, anterior cortical, and posterior cortical nuclei
      and the amygdalohippocampal zone. Several significant sex differences were
      observed. In the male, a dense aggregation of CCK-I cell bodies was visualized in
      the MeA, especially in the dorsocaudal part and in the encapsulated part of the
      BST. In comparison, female rats had relatively fewer immunoreactive cells in both
      of these regions. In the lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei, however, more
      CCK-I cells were visualized in the female than in the male, but the difference
      was not statistically significant. These data provide characterization of a
      sexually differentiated CCK system. In addition, we observed that the number of
      CCK-I cells in the BST and posterodorsal part of the MeA was substantially
      reduced after castration. The number of CCK-I cells in female rats, however, was
      not significantly reduced after ovariectomy in any of the regions studied. These
      findings imply that the steroid regulation of CCK is sexually differentiated. The
      sexually dimorphic distribution of CCK-I cells in areas that are targets of
      steroid hormones and regulate reproductive processes is consistent with the
      possibility that CCK participates in central integration of sensory and steroidal
      input that modulates reproductive behavior.

PMID- 3372721
TI  - Quantitative synaptology of feline motoneurones to external anal sphincter
      muscle.
AB  - Motoneurones innervating the cat external anal sphincter muscle were labelled
      retrogradely following intramuscular injections with horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP). Labelled motoneurones were examined by correlative light and electron
      microscopy (LM and EM) with special regard to a qualitative and morphometric
      analysis of the axon terminals resident on the neuronal membrane. By LM, labelled
      motoneurones were (1) ipsilateral to the injections; (2) all in S1-S2; (3) found
      only in the superior dorsomedial region of Onuf's nucleus; and (4) exhibited a
      broad spectrum of diameters (25-72 micron, mean 47.4 +/- 11.3 micron). By EM,
      axon terminals on the neuronal membrane when classified according to size,
      vesicle shape, and synaptic complex ultrastructure conformed to the S-, F-, T-, M
      , and C-type terminals previously described for cat lumbosacral motoneurones. C
      terminals confirmed these sphincteric motoneurones to be skeletomotor. Pooled
      data from midnuclear sections through 15 random labelled motoneurones (20-64
      micron diameter) revealed that S- and F-type terminals predominated, with
      numerically few M and C types. Notwithstanding their low frequency (0.3/100
      micron membrane) C-terminals contributed 1% of the mean areal coverage by
      terminals, which implies a potentially larger synaptic influence relative to
      other terminal types. Linear relationships occurred between terminal frequency
      (or cover) and motoneurone diameter. While motoneurones greater than 40 micron in
      diameter exhibited all five terminal types, labelled motoneurones less than or
      equal to 30 micron generally possessed only S-, F-, and occasional T-type
      terminals, and in this respect resembled gamma motoneurones.

PMID- 3372722
TI  - Medial gastrocnemius motor nucleus in the rat: age-related changes in the number
      and size of motoneurons.
AB  - The age-related alterations in the number and size of alpha- and gamma
      motoneurons were studied in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor nuclei in rats at
      four ages: young (5 months), middle aged (10-13 months), old (26 months), and
      very old (31 months). Small volumes (0.1-0.5 microliter) of 40% horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP) solution were injected into the cut MG nerve bilaterally by
      using glass micropipettes and a pressure injection system. The number, position,
      and soma size (average soma diameter) of MG motoneurons were determined by using
      photographic maps of each TMB-stained section. The total number of myelinated
      axons was counted in seven MG nerves from the same animals. The average soma
      diameters in each MG nucleus were distributed bimodally; cells with average
      diameter greater than 21.0-24.0 micron were presumed to be alpha-motoneurons and
      those with smaller diameters were presumed to be gamma. The mean number of
      presumed alpha-motoneurons was significantly less in the old and very old groups
      as compared with the young and middle-aged. In contrast, the number of presumed
      gamma-motoneurons was the same across age groups. The mean average soma diameter
      of both alpha- and gamma-motoneurons was smaller in the old animals. The apparent
      decrease in the total number of labeled motoneurons in old animals was also
      reflected in a decrease in myelinated axon counts. We conclude that there is a
      significant decrease in the absolute numbers of motoneurons in rats aged 26
      months and older, with most of the decrease occurring among the larger alpha
      motoneurons.

PMID- 3372723
TI  - Spatial organization of the retinal projection to the avian lentiform nucleus of
      the mesencephalon.
AB  - Utilizing the horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing technique and the 2-deoxy
      D-glucose metabolic mapping technique, we have demonstrated in chickens the
      distribution of retinal ganglion cells that project to the lentiform nucleus of
      the mesencephalon (LM) and the retinotopic organization of the projection in the
      LM. Retinal ganglion cells labeled after a nearly complete injection into the LM
      were found in the four quadrants, distributed in a wide horizontal belt lying
      along both sides of the retinal equator and stretching from the temporal to the
      nasal retina. The HRP-labeled cells, which appeared round or oval, ranged from 25
      to 840 micron 2 in size with most in the smaller size range. Results of partial
      HRP injections into the LM and metabolic mapping patterns in the LM produced by
      stimulation of half the retina with horizontal visual motion suggest that there
      is an orderly mapping of the retina onto the LM. The inferior temporal quadrant
      projects to the rostrodorsal LM; the inferior nasal quadrant projects to the
      caudodorsal LM. The superior temporal quadrant projects to the middle and ventral
      LM, extending from the rostral to the caudal pole, whereas the superior nasal
      quadrant projects to a small zone in the caudal LM. The mapping of the retinal
      quadrants in the LM is remarkably similar to that reported in the optic tectum of
      birds. We suggest that a common embryological anlage with the optic tectum and
      the arrangement of retinal axons in the optic tract are important factors in
      establishing the retinotopic organization of the LM.

PMID- 3372724
TI  - Atlas of serotonin-containing neurons in the optic lobes and brain of the
      crayfish, Cherax destructor.
AB  - An atlas of neurons in the brain of the crayfish Cherax destructor that are
      immunoreactive to antibodies raised against serotonin has been compiled from
      whole mount preparations. Neuronal networks of serotonin-containing cells are
      identified in the optic lobes and protocerebrum, in the deutocerebrum, and in the
      tritocerebrum. The consistency of the whole-mount technique allows 50 out of a
      total of about 100 immunoreactive cells to be individually identified according
      to their neuronal architecture or the location of their cell somata or axons.
      Apart from six neurons with axons in the oesophageal connectives, all the
      immunoreactive cells are intrinsic to the optic lobes and brain.

PMID- 3372725
TI  - Anatomy of macaque fovea and spatial densities of neurons in foveal
      representation.
AB  - Fine visual sampling in the macaque depends on the high density of cone outer and
      inner segments in the fovea. Cone pedicles, at the opposite, presynaptic end of
      the cone, are absent from the center of the fovea. Both ends of the cones, inner
      segments and pedicles, are closely packed within their respective monolayers, but
      the spatial density of foveal pedicles is lower because foveal pedicles are wider
      than inner segments. Because there is one pedicle for every inner segment, and
      because pedicles are wider than inner segments, increase in eccentricity finds
      increasing lateral displacement of the cone's pedicle from its inner segment.
      Further increase of eccentricity finds inner segment density falling below
      pedicle density, and so this lateral displacement declines. By 2-3 mm from the
      center, inner segments catch up with pedicles. Additional lateral displacements,
      of bipolar cells from pedicles and ganglion from bipolar cells, are largest for
      central-most elements and fall steeply with eccentricity. By taking into account
      all of these lateral displacements, the eccentricity of the cone inner segment(s)
      associated with a ganglion cell was determined, as was the area of inner segments
      represented by a unit area in the ganglion cell layer. Then raw ganglion cell
      densities were transformed to densities comparable to densities of inner segments
      and of cells in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. On average there appears to be
      close to 2 ganglion cells for each cone in the central fovea out to about 2.5
      degrees. Thus, the density of foveal ganglion cells is sufficient to allow each
      red and each green cone to connect to 2 midget ganglion cells, and each blue cone
      to connect to 1 ganglion cell. Furthermore, there appears to be a single dorsal
      lateral geniculate cell for each ganglion cell.

PMID- 3372726
TI  - Distribution of catecholamine fibers in the cochlear nucleus of horseshoe bats
      and mustache bats.
AB  - The glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence technique was applied to demonstrate
      patterns of catecholaminergic innervation within the auditory brainstem of
      echolocating bats and the house mouse. In the cochlear nucleus of the rufous
      horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxi) and the mustache bat (Pteronotus parnellii),
      species-specific catecholaminergic innervation patterns are found that contrast
      with the relatively homogeneous innervation in the rodent. In both bats the
      subnuclei of the cochlear nucleus receive a differentially dense supply of
      catecholaminergic fibers, and within the subnuclei, the catecholamine innervation
      densities can be correlated with the tonotopic frequency representation. The
      areas devoted to the high-frequency echolocation calls are less densely
      innervated than those regions which are responsive to lower frequencies. Apart
      from this common scheme, there are noteworthy distinctions between the two bats
      which correlate with specialized cytoarchitectural features of the cochlear
      nucleus. The marginal cell group, located medially to the anteroventral cochlear
      nucleus of Pteronotus, receives the densest supply of catecholaminergic fibers of
      all auditory nuclei. This plexus is formed by a morphologically distinct
      population of catecholaminergic fibers.

PMID- 3372727
TI  - Cotransplantation of embryonic mouse retina with tectum, diencephalon, or cortex
      to neonatal rat cortex.
AB  - Retinae from embryonic mice were transplanted to the occipital cortex of neonatal
      rats together with their normal target regions, tectum or diencephalon, from
      embryonic mice or rats. In control experiments, retinae were cotransplanted with
      embryonic rat occipital cortex. In over 80% of the experimental animals, both
      transplants differentiated and grew. Ganglion cells in the retinae cotransplanted
      close to tectum or diencephalon survived for at least 15 weeks. Their survival
      was associated with the development of a distinct optic fiber layer and outgrowth
      of axons from the transplanted mouse retina. Specific innervation of distinct
      patches within the cotransplanted rat tectum or diencephalon was demonstrated by
      the use of an anti-mouse antibody. The innervated regions, which could be as far
      away as 1.3 mm from the retinae, were correlated with cytological features of the
      cotransplanted tectum or diencephalon. By contrast, the host cortex was never
      innervated by the transplanted retinae. In the control animals in which the
      retinae were cotransplanted with occipital cortex and in four animals in which
      the cotransplants lay more than 2.7 mm apart, no ganglion cells were identified
      and there was no evidence of an optic fiber layer, outgrowth of axons, or
      innervation. These results support the idea that in order to survive, retinal
      ganglion cells need to innervate an appropriate target region. Further, the
      specific innervation of regions within the cotransplanted tectum or diencephalon
      suggests that these target regions are able to exert a tropic influence on the
      axons of retinal ganglion cells, even in the absence of many of the normal
      structure cues.

PMID- 3372728
TI  - Staining of regenerated optic arbors in goldfish tectum: progressive changes in
      immature arbors and a comparison of mature regenerated arbors with normal arbors.
AB  - Individual optic arbors, normal and regenerated, were stained via anterograde
      transport of HRP and viewed in tectal whole mounts. Camera lucida drawings were
      made of 119 normal optic arbors and of 242 regenerated arbors from fish 2 weeks
      to 14 months postcrush. These arbors were analyzed for axonal trajectory, spatial
      extent in the horizontal plane, degree of branching, number of branch endings,
      average depth, and degree of stratification. Normal optic arbors ranged in size
      from roughly 100 to 400 microns across in a continuous distribution, had an
      average of 20 branch endings with average of fifth-order branching, and were
      highly stratified into one of three planes within the major optic lamina (SO
      SFGS). Small arbors arising from fine-caliber axons terminated in the most
      superficial plane of SO-SFGS; large arbors from coarse axons terminated in the
      superficial and middle planes; and medium arbors from medium-caliber axons
      terminated in the middle and deep planes of SO-SFGS, as well as deeper in the
      central gray and deep white layers. Arbors from central tectum tended to be much
      more tightly stratified than those in the periphery. No other differences between
      central and peripheral arbors were noted. Mature regenerated arbors (five months
      or more postcrush) were normal in their number of branch endings, order of
      branching, and depth of termination. Their branches covered a wider area of
      tectum, partially because of their early branching and abnormal trajectories of
      branches. Axonal trajectories were often abnormal with U-turns and tortuos paths.
      Fine-, medium-, and coarse-caliber axons were again present and gave rise to
      small, medium, and large arbors at roughly the same depths as in the normals.
      There was frequently a lack of stratification in the medium and large arbors,
      which spanned much greater depths than normal. Overall, however, regenerates
      reestablished nearly normal morphology except for axonal trajectory and
      stratification. Early in regeneration, the arbors went through a series of
      changes. At 2 weeks postcrush, regenerated axons had grown branches over a wider
      than-normal extent of tectum, though they were sparsely branched and often tipped
      with growth cones. At 3 weeks, the branches were more numerous and covered a
      still wider extent (average of five times normal), many covering more than half
      the tectal length or width. At 4-5 weeks smaller arbors predominated, although a
      few enlarged arbors were present for up to 8 weeks. Additional small changes
      occurred beyond 8 weeks as the arbors became progressively more normal in
      appearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372729
TI  - Abnormal pigmentation and unusual morphogenesis of the optic stalk may be
      correlated with retinal axon misguidance in embryonic Siamese cats.
AB  - Studies of albino rodents have shown that an absence of pigment in the developing
      optic stalk may alter the position of the first retinal fibers that grow toward
      the brain, thereby disrupting the gross topographic relationship of fibers in the
      nerve (Silver and Sapiro: J. Comp. Neurol. 202:521-538, '81). The abnormalities
      associated with albinism are more extensive in the Siamese cat than-in previously
      studied species. Therefore, any abnormalities in differentiation of the stalk and
      axon guidance may be more readily detected. To investigate the guidance and/or
      misguidance of optic axons, light and electron microscope analyses were made of
      serial sections through the optic stalk in normally pigmented and Siamese fetal
      cats. On E20, before axons enter the optic stalk, the only clear morphological
      distinction between Siamese and normal cats is the distribution of pigment in the
      stalk. Pigment is found in the dorsal stalk cells of the normal cat for 200
      microns from the optic disc. Although the retinal pigment epithelium of the
      Siamese optic stalk. By E23 axons invade the ventral optic stalk in both strains.
      Concurrent with the early stages of axonal exit from the retina, there is
      complete separation of the stalk's dorsal and ventral tiers. As the cleavage
      occurs, basal lamina invaginates into the zone of separation following along the
      plane of the old lumen. The ventral stalk fills with axons while the dorsal tier
      is shed gradually. In contrast, in the Siamese cat, dorsal stalk cells are not
      sloughed off properly and instead are incorporated ectopically into the nerve.
      Basal lamina invagination is irregular. Axons do not fill the Siamese stalk
      symmetrically but enter the region of ectopic cells, which in turn disrupts gross
      fiber position. Usually, in the mutant, axons originating from the retina
      temporal to the optic fissure are those that invade the dorsal tier of ectopic
      cells. The altered position of optic axons in the mutant stalk may provide an
      explanation for the chiasmatic misrouting of optic axons in this species.

PMID- 3372730
TI  - Propriospinal fibers in the white matter of the cat sacral spinal cord.
AB  - The propriospinal system, which consists of those neurons completely contained
      within the spinal cord, is important because it underlies much spinal behavior.
      To provide quantitative data on this system, the present study determines numbers
      of axons in the isolated S2 cat spinal cord and compares these figures with the
      normal. The conclusion is that 60% of the fibers in the spinal cord at this
      location are propriospinal. Findings of particular interest are that the great
      majority of unmyelinated propriospinal axons are found in the dorsal part of the
      lateral funiculus, and that there are large numbers of descending myelinated
      fibers in the dorsal funiculi. These data will serve as a basis for evaluating
      axon numbers that follow various experimental regimens purporting to result in
      neural sprouting.

PMID- 3372731
TI  - Ultrastructure of mouse vallate taste buds: III. Patterns of synaptic
      connectivity.
AB  - We have used serial high voltage electron micrographs and computer-generated,
      three-dimensional reconstructions to study morphological relationships and
      patterns of synaptic connectivity in taste buds from the circumvallate papillae
      of the mouse. The intragemmal arborizations of 40 sensory nerve fibers were
      examined from 7 taste buds that were sectioned serially. We identified the
      synaptic connections from taste cells onto the reconstructed nerve fibers and
      classified the presynaptic taste cells based on previously established
      ultrastructural criteria. From these data we were able to extract the following
      information for the reconstructed nerve fibers: (1) the morphology of intragemmal
      nerve fibers and their arborizations within the taste bud, (2) the total number
      of synaptic connections from taste bud cells onto the nerve fibers, and (3) the
      taste cell types associated with each of the synapses. Fifty-six synapses were
      studied. Synapses were often found to be located at either the branch points or
      terminations of nerve fiber processes. The maximum number of taste cells observed
      to synapse onto a single nerve fiber was 5. Several nerve fibers had no apparent
      synapses. Dark cells (type I), intermediate cells, and light cells (type II) all
      formed synaptic connections with sensory nerve fibers. In no cases did dark cells
      and light cells synapse onto the same sensory nerve fiber. Our observation that
      any given nerve fiber receives its synaptic input from morphologically similar
      taste cells provides evidence for specificity in taste bud synaptic connections.
      We speculate that the observed pattern of synaptic connections is related to
      taste bud function. Since all of the synapses onto a given nerve fiber are from
      morphologically similar taste cells, we postulate that there is a correlation
      between taste cell morphology and sensory responsiveness. Intracellular
      electrophysiological studies on taste cells, in which responses to focally
      applied chemical stimuli are followed by characterization of the ultrastructural
      features of the same taste cells, will prove or disprove this hypothesis.

PMID- 3372733
TI  - Mammalian motoneuron development: effect of peripheral deprivation on motoneuron
      numbers in a marsupial.
AB  - In nonmammalian vertebrates, the survival of developing motoneurons is dependent
      on their contacting appropriate target cells. It is generally accepted that
      developing mammalian motoneurons have a similar dependency on their target, but
      as yet there is little experimental evidence to support this contention. This is
      mainly because of the difficulty of experimenting on eutherian embryos. We have,
      therefore, been studying neuronal development in the tammar (an Australian
      marsupial) as its nervous system is immature at birth. Radical or partial removal
      of hindlimb buds from newborn tammars resulted in an increased motoneuron cell
      death. The motoneurons which survived in the operated tammars did so by
      innervating muscle remnants. In the instances where a group of muscles was
      totally removed, the corresponding motonuclei appeared to be totally lost. This
      study supports the hypothesis that mammalian motoneurons must contact their
      appropriate muscle in order to survive through the period of natural neuronal
      cell death.

PMID- 3372732
TI  - Ultrastructure of mouse foliate taste buds: synaptic and nonsynaptic interactions
      between taste cells and nerve fibers.
AB  - High voltage electron microscopy and conventional transmission electron
      microscopy were used to examine the ultrastructure of foliate taste buds of mice.
      Computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstructions from serial sections were
      used to visualize regions of interaction between taste cells and nerve fibers.
      Based on criteria previously established for murine vallate taste buds (Kinnamon
      et al., '85), foliate taste cells were classified as dark, light, or intermediate
      depending on their cytoplasmic content and the characteristics of their nuclei.
      Cells of foliate taste buds display a continuous range of morphologies, from
      "typical" dark cells to "typical" light cells. Cells of dark, intermediate, and
      light morphologies all make afferent synapses onto nerve processes, suggesting
      that cells of all 3 types are sensory in function. Synapses between taste cells
      and nerve processes may be either macular or fingerlike in shape. No efferent
      synapses were found. In addition to conventional synapses, taste cells exhibit 2
      other types of specializations at sites of apposition with nerve fibers:
      subsurface cisternae and atypical mitochondria. Subsurface cisternae are narrow
      sacs of endoplasmic reticulum that are closely apposed to the inner leaflet of
      the taste cell membrane. Possible functions of subsurface cisternae include
      synthesis of synaptic membrane components, modification of the electrical or
      adhesive properties of the taste cell membrane, and exchange of trophic factors
      with nerve processes. Atypical mitochondria are usually much larger than typical
      taste cell mitochondria, and their cristae often display a swollen, twisted
      configuration. These mitochondria are closely apposed to the inside of the taste
      cell membrane adjacent to nerve fibers. Atypical mitochondria may be providing
      unusual amounts of energy for metabolic reactions in their vicinities or
      participating in calcium buffering in the taste cell. Within taste cells,
      presynaptic specializations, subsurface cisternae, and mitochondria are often
      clustered together to form "synaptic ensembles." We hypothesize that the
      functions served by the subsurface cisternae and mitochondria, as well as
      synaptic transmission, may be important in interactions between taste cells and
      nerve fibers.

PMID- 3372734
TI  - Sexual differences in the development of accessory olfactory bulbs in the rat.
AB  - The aim of this investigation was 1) to compare the development of AOB in male
      and female rats before birth, early after birth, and at later stages of sexual
      immaturity and maturity 2) to examine the effects of early and delayed castration
      after birth on AOB development in the male rat. A significant increase of the
      surface area of AOB was observed in both sexes from birth until postnatal day 7,
      but AOB was found to be larger in males than in females. From the end of the
      first postnatal week AOB stopped growing until day 40 in both males and females.
      After this time AOB resumed its development until day 60 in males, while no
      changes occurred in females over the same period. Castration of males at birth or
      six hours later impaired development of AOB. Castration of males on postnatal
      days 20 or 30 also impaired AOB development until day 60. The results strongly
      suggest that the development of AOB in the male rat is dependent on the two well
      known "perinatal" and "adult" phases of the endocrine activity of the testes.

PMID- 3372735
TI  - Afferent innervation of outer hair cells in adult cats: I. Light microscopic
      analysis of fibers labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Outer spiral fibers (OSFs), the afferent innervation of the outer hair cells
      (OHCs), were retrogradely labeled following horseradish peroxidase injections
      into the cat's auditory nerve. The peripheral branching patterns of 85 OSFs from
      adult cochleas were reconstructed. Fibers contacted OHCs via terminal or en
      passant swellings; however, the latter were seen exclusively in the apical half
      of the cochlea. Many OSFs also gave off branches ending on structures other than
      OHCs. Fibers in the cochlear apex were much more highly branched than in the
      base. Most fibers contacted only one row of OHCs, and more fibers contacted row 1
      than row 2 or row 3 OHCs. Third-row fibers were the most highly branched in all
      cochlear regions. These results are consistent with a growing body of
      morphological evidence that suggests that the peripheral branching patterns of
      OSFs may be fundamentally similar in all mammalian ears.

PMID- 3372736
TI  - Afferent innervation of outer hair cells in adult cats: II. Electron microscopic
      analysis of fibers labeled with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - Outer spiral fibers (OSFs) were retrogradely labeled with injections of
      horseradish peroxidase. After the peripheral arborization patterns were
      reconstructed at the light microscopic level (Simmons and Liberman, '88),
      restricted regions of selected fibers were analyzed via electron-microscopic
      reconstruction of serial sections. The ultrastructural data in the present study
      suggested that the contact between the outer hair cell (OHC) and the terminal
      swellings of OSFs corresponds to the afferent synapse described in numerous other
      ultrastructural studies. The en passant swellings that contacted OHCs also
      appeared to be points of synaptic contact. However, en passant synapses were not
      always associated with a swelling of the OSF at the point of contact: thus, the
      light-microscopic reconstructions probably underestimate the numbers of synapses.
      OSF branches terminating well below the OHCs were seen to end most commonly in
      intimate contact with the Deiters' cells. Membrane specialization was
      occasionally seen at this point of contact; however, the specialization was
      sufficiently undifferentiated to preclude identification.

PMID- 3372737
TI  - Pathway specificity of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal projections in the 11
      day chicken embryo.
AB  - The organization of the axonal pathways of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal
      projections in the 11-day chicken embryo was ascertained through retrograde
      tracing experiments. An in vitro preparation of the brainstem and cervical spinal
      cord facilitated precisely localized tracer applications. Single- and double
      labelling experiments involving high cervical injections of tracers in
      combination with selective lesions defined the specific pathways by which
      different brainstem neurons project to the spinal cord. Coherent, and in many
      cases distinct, groups of reticulospinal and vestibulospinal neurons could thus
      be identified on the basis of their position and projection pathway. The
      organization of these groups and their projections in the 11-day chicken embryo
      is similar to that in avian and other vertebrate adults and therefore serves as a
      reference point for studies of pathfinding by bulbospinal axons during early
      development.

PMID- 3372738
TI  - Topographical organization of the thalamic afferent connections to the motor
      cortex in the cat.
AB  - The topographical distribution of the cortical afferent connections to the
      different subdivisions of the motor cortex (MC) was studied in adult cats. The
      retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase technique was used. Small
      single injections of the enzyme were made in the entire MC, including the hidden
      regions in the depth of the sulcus cruciatus. The areal location and density of
      the subsequent thalamic neuronal labeling were evaluated in each case. Comparison
      of the results obtained in the various cases shows that the following: (1) The
      ventral anterior-ventral lateral complex is the principal thalamic source of
      afferents to the MC. (2) The ventral medial, dorsal medial, the different
      components of the posterior thalamic group (lateral, medial, and ventral
      posteroinferior and suprageniculate nuclei), and the intralaminar, lateral
      anterior, lateral intermediate, lateral medial, and anteromedial thalamic nuclei
      are also thalamic sites in which neural projections to the MC arise. (3) The
      thalamocortical projections to the MC are sequentially organized. The connections
      arising from the lateral part of the thalamus end in the region of area 4 that is
      situated medially in the superior lip of the sulcus cruciatus and in the
      posterior sigmoid gyrus. The projections originating in the most medial thalamic
      regions terminate in that region of area 6a beta which is located in the medial
      part of the inferior lip of the cruciate sulcus, and in the anterior sigmoid
      gyrus. Moreover, the ventral thalamic areas send connections to the most
      anteriorly located zones of the MC, while the most dorsal thalamic ones project
      to the most posteriorly located parts of the MC. (4) This shift in the
      thalamocortical connections is not restrained by cytoarchitectonic boundaries,
      either in the thalamus or in the cortex. (5) The populations of thalamocortical
      cells which project to neighboring MC subdivisions exhibit consistent overlapping
      among themselves. (6) These findings suggest, moreover, that the basal ganglia
      and the cerebellar projections to the MC through the thalamus are arranged in a
      number of parallel pathways, which may occasionally overlap.

PMID- 3372739
TI  - Serotoninergic innervation of the cat cerebral cortex.
AB  - Serotoninergic axons in the cat cerebral cortex were demonstrated
      immunohistochemically with a monoclonal antibody to serotonin (5-HT). Three types
      of 5-HT axons are distinguished at the light microscopic level by differences in
      their morphology. Small varicose axons are fine (less than 0.5 micron) and bear
      fusiform varicosities that are generally less than 1 micron in diameter. These
      axons extend throughout the width of the cortex and branch frequently, giving
      rise to widely spreading collaterals. Nonvaricose axons are smooth, show a
      relatively large and constant caliber (about 1 micron), travel in straight,
      horizontal trajectories, and branch infrequently. Large varicose axons are
      distinguished by large round or oval varicosities (1 micron or more in diameter)
      borne on fine-caliber fibers. These axons often form basket-like arbors around
      the somata of single neurons. In the simplest basket-like arbors, several large,
      round varicosities from a small number of axons contact the soma. In complex
      baskets intertwining collaterals contact the soma and apparently climb along and
      outline the cell's major dendrites. The patterns revealed by the climbing axons
      suggest that a variety of nonpyramidal cell types selectively receive dense 5-HT
      innervation. Serial reconstructions of the 5-HT axons within the cortex show that
      the large varicose axons arise as infrequent collaterals from the nonvaricose
      axons. A single nonvaricose parent axon gives rise to several large varicose axon
      collaterals that may contribute to different basket-like arbors. Conversely, a
      single basket-like arbor may be formed by large varicose axon collaterals from
      more than one nonvaricose parent axon. The small varicose axons do not appear to
      be related within the cortex to either the nonvaricose or large varicose axon
      types. The results support the hypothesis that the 5-HT projection to the cortex
      is organized into two subsystems, one of which may exert widespread influence in
      the cortex via highly divergent branches, while the other, with a more restricted
      distribution, acts on specific classes of cortical neurons.

PMID- 3372740
TI  - Ultrastructural study on the meninx of the goldfish brain.
AB  - The cranial meninges of the goldfish were studied by means of transmission
      electron microscopy combined with the freeze-fracturing technique. The goldfish
      has three cranial meninges. The outer layer consists of flattened cells, which
      are stratified in 3 to 7 layers and are packed densely with many interdigitations
      of cell processes. The constituent cells in the outer layer have copious smooth
      endoplasmic reticulum and are joined by gap junctions but have no desmosomes. The
      intermediate layer is thin, continuous, and single cell. In the replicas, both
      the upper and the lower surfaces of the intermediate layer cells have numerous
      openings of pinocytotic vesicles, but the upper surface is characterized by round
      gap junctions, whereas the lower surface is identified by a linear continuation
      of a combination of tight junctions and gap junctions and by desmosomes. The
      lateral surface has a hexagonal network of tight junctions and gap junctions with
      internally located desmosomes, which functions as a barrier to intercellular
      movement of lanthanum. The inner layer consists of a meshwork of reticular cells
      and large intercellular spaces, in which fine granular material, capillaries, and
      different types of blood-derived free cells can be found. Cells in the inner
      layer contain rough endoplasmic reticulum stacked in lamellae and have irregular
      processes joined by desmosomes. The goldfish meninges are compared with the
      meninges of mammals.

PMID- 3372741
TI  - Immunohistochemistry of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the cat forebrain.
AB  - The topographic distribution of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)
      immunoreactive (IR) neurons was investigated in the cat hypothalamus, limbic
      areas, and thalamus by using specific antiserum raised against porcine kidney
      AADC. The perikarya and main axons were mapped on an atlas in ten cross-sectional
      drawings from A8 to A16 of the Horsley Clarke stereotaxic plane. AADC-IR neurons
      were widely distributed in the anterior brain. They were identified in the
      posterior hypothalamic area, rostral arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, dorsal
      hypothalamic area, and periventricular complex of the hypothalamus, which contain
      tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR cells and are known as A11 to A14 dopaminergic cell
      groups. AADC-IR perikarya were also found in the other hypothalamic areas where
      few or no TH-IR cells have been reported: the supramamillary nucleus,
      tuberomamillary nucleus, pre- and anterior mamillary nuclei, caudal arcuate
      nucleus, dorsal hypothalamic area immediately ventral to the mamillothalamic
      tract, anterior hypothalamic area, area of the tuber cinereum, retrochiasmatic
      area, preoptic area, suprachiasmatic and dorsal chiasmatic nuclei. We also
      identified them in the anterior commissure nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria
      terminalis, stria terminalis, medial and central amygdaloid nuclei, lateral
      septal nucleus, and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. AADC-IR neurons were
      localized in the ventromedial part of the thalamus, lateral posterior complex,
      paracentral nucleus and lateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, medial habenula,
      parafascicular nucleus, subparafascicular nucleus, and periaqueductal gray.
      Conversely, we detected only a few AADC-IR cells in the supraoptic nucleus whose
      rostral portion contains TH-IR perikarya. Comments are made on the relative
      localizations of the AADC-IR and TH-IR neurons, on species differences between
      the cat and rat, as well as on the possible physiological functions of the enzyme
      AADC.

PMID- 3372742
TI  - Localization of angiotensin II receptor binding in rabbit brain by in vitro
      autoradiography.
AB  - Binding of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8] angiotensin II (AII) to sections of brains from both
      wild and laboratory rabbits was determined by in vitro autoradiography. In the
      forebrain, specific high density binding was observed in the olfactory bulb,
      organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), subfornical organ, median
      eminence, lateral septum, median preoptic nucleus and hypothalamic
      paraventricular, supraoptic and arcuate nuclei. In the midbrain, binding of the
      radioligand was observed in the interpeduncular and parabrachial nuclei, in the
      locus coeruleus, and ventrolateral pons. In the hind brain, there was dense
      binding of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8] AII to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and to
      both rostral and caudal parts of the reticular formation of the ventrolateral
      medulla oblongata. Weaker specific binding of the radioligand to the molecular
      layer of the cerebellum, to the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract, dorsal
      motor nucleus of the vagus, area postema, and to a band of tissue connecting the
      NTS to the ventrolateral medulla was also observed. Binding of the ligand to
      circumventricular organs such as the OVLT, subfornical organ, and median eminence
      suggests that these are sites in the brain of the rabbit at which blood-borne AII
      may exert influences on the central regulation of fluid balance and pituitary
      hormone secretion, although AII of neuronal origin could also act at these sites.
      Binding of the radioligand in several other brain regions suggests that
      angiotensin II of cerebral origin may be involved in a number of different
      aspects of brain function in the rabbit. The finding of dense binding in the NTS
      and ventrolateral medulla, which are involved in autonomic activity and are also
      sites of catecholamine-containing neurons, raises the possibility of angiotensin
      interaction with these neurons and involvement in autonomic function.

PMID- 3372743
TI  - Parasagittal organization of mossy fiber collaterals in the cerebellum of the
      mouse.
AB  - We have observed that WGA-HRP injections in lobule VIII of the mouse result in
      the labeling of mossy fiber terminals in the anterior lobe (lobules I-V), which
      are distributed in five distinct parasagittal bands. Injections in the anterior
      lobe label mossy fiber terminations in lobules VIII and IX. We interpret these
      results as indicating that an extensive system of mossy fiber collaterals exists
      between the anterior lobe and lobule VIII (less so to IX), which terminates as
      discrete parasagittal bands in the anterior lobe. Intermediate bands are thus
      occupied by fibers that do not send collaterals to the posterior vermis (VII-IX).
      In an attempt to identify the source(s) of this collateral system we have used
      double retrograde tracing techniques. Following injections of one tracer in the
      anterior lobe and another in lobule VIII we observe large numbers of double
      retrogradely labeled neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus, the basilar
      pontine nuclei, and the spinal cord. Thus, these mossy fiber sources are the most
      likely origins for the banded collateral system. Our studies do not allow us to
      distinguish whether one, or more than one, of these regions contribute to the
      system.

PMID- 3372744
TI  - Common fur and mystacial vibrissae parallel sensory pathways: 14 C 2-deoxyglucose
      and WGA-HRP studies in the rat.
AB  - Stimulation of mystacial vibrissae in rows A,B, and C increased (14C) 2
      deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake in spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis (Sp5c)
      mostly in ventral portions of laminae III-IV with less activation of II and V.
      Stimulation of common fur above the whiskers mainly activated lamina II, with
      less activation in deeper layers. The patterns of activation were compatible with
      an inverted head, onion skin Sp5c somatotopy. Wheatgerm Agglutinin-Horseradish
      Peroxidase (WGA-HRP) injections into common fur between mystacial vibrissae rows
      A-B and B-C led to anterograde transganglionic labeling only of Sp5c, mainly of
      lamina II with less label in layer V, and very sparse label in III and IV. WGA
      HRP skin injections appear to primarily label small fibers, which along with
      larger fibers, were metabolically activated during common fur stimulation.
      Mystacial vibrissae stimulation increased 2DG uptake in ventral ipsilateral
      spinal trigeminal nuclei pars interpolaris (Sp5i) and oralis (Sp5o) and principal
      trigeminal sensory nucleus (Pr5). Common fur stimulation above the whiskers
      slightly increased 2DG uptake in ventral Sp5i, Sp5o, and possibly Pr5. The most
      dorsal aspect of the ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus of thalamus was activated
      contralateral to whisker stimulation. Stimulation of the common fur dorsal to the
      whiskers activated a region of dorsal VPM caudal to the VPM region activated
      during whisker stimulation. This is consistent with previous data showing that
      ventral whiskers and portions of the face are represented rostrally in VPM, and
      more dorsal whiskers and dorsal portions of the face are represented
      progressively more caudally in VPM. Mystacial vibrissae stimulation activated the
      contralateral primary sensory SI barrelfield cortex and a separate region in the
      second somatosensory SII cortex. Common fur stimulation above the whiskers
      activated a cortical region between the SI and SII whisker activated regions of
      cortex. It is proposed that this region represented the combined SI and SII
      common fur regions of somatosensory neocortex. Both whisker and common fur
      stimulation activated all layers of cortex, with layer IV being most activated
      followed by II-III, V, and VI. These data indicate that sensory input from the
      mystacial vibrissae in the adult rat is processed in brainstem, thalamic, and
      cortical pathways which are predominantly parallel to those which process
      information from the neighboring common fur sensory receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372745
TI  - In situ hybridization analysis of osmotic stimulus-induced changes in ribosomal
      RNA in rat supraoptic nucleus.
AB  - A quantitative in situ hybridization analysis was used to investigate changes in
      levels of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of rats
      stimulated osmotically by giving 2% NaCl as drinking solution for 0 (control
      rats), 1, 4, and 14 days. The quantitation was autoradiographically accomplished
      by in situ hybridization with a nick-translated tritiated ribosomal DNA probe and
      with the use of computer-based image analysis system. The mean number of grains
      per neuron in the ventral SON was significantly increased: 1.8-fold for 1 day,
      2.9-fold for 4 days, and 1.7-fold for 14 days of salt loading, whereas the mean
      number of grains per neuron in the dorsal SON was increased 1.3-fold for 1 day,
      2.5-fold for 4 days, and 1.7-fold for 14 days. Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis of
      frequency histograms of grains per neuron indicated that the amount of rRNA in
      neurons in the ventral and dorsal SON was significantly increased by osmotic
      stimulation. These increases were accompanied by increases in cell size. The
      subcellular location of hybridizable rRNA in magnocellular neurons was altered by
      osmotic stimulation. Following 1-14 days of salt-drinking, rRNAs appeared to be
      more unevenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. These findings are consistent
      with the notion that hyperosmotic stimulation has a substantial effect on the
      expression of rRNA genes in neurons of both the ventral and dorsal SON.

PMID- 3372747
TI  - Morphometric study of the glomerular population in the mouse olfactory bulb:
      numerical density and size distribution along the rostrocaudal axis.
AB  - A morphometric study of the glomerular population in the olfactory bulb of the
      mouse has been carried out by using stereological methods. On the basis of the
      assumption that the glomerular population is a polydispersed system of spheres,
      glomerular profile distributions obtained from profile measurements were
      subjected to a mathematical unfolding procedure to obtain the actual glomerular
      size distribution. We used a distribution-free method to account for the combined
      effects of overprojection due to section thickness and truncation (two missing
      profile mechanisms). Results proved better than those obtained directly from
      profile measurements without stereological analysis. Several new findings were
      obtained. First, significant variations of the glomerulus sizes were found along
      the rostrocaudal axis. The glomeruli are larger in the middle region of the
      olfactory bulb, whereas their numerical density decreases in the same region.
      Moreover, the profile density is homogeneous along the rostrocaudal axis. In
      other words, the relative surface occupied by the periglomerular cells in the
      glomerular layer is invariant. As a consequence, it may be concluded that the
      variations in size and numerical density are inversely correlated. Thus, since
      the glomeruli are larger in the middle region, their number per unit volume is
      logically smaller in this same area. Finally, the computerization of all these
      data has led us to estimate the number of glomeruli (1,810 +/- 41) in the
      olfactory bulb of the mouse. In order to get a comparative idea of their
      advantages and disadvantages, other standard stereological methods were used in
      the present study to determine this number. Functional interpretations of the
      variations of the size and numerical density along the rostrocaudal axis of the
      olfactory bulb are discussed with respect to ontogenetic and morphofunctional
      data obtained elsewhere.

PMID- 3372746
TI  - Reorganization of primary afferent nerve terminals in the spinal dorsal horn of
      the primate caudal to anterolateral chordotomy.
AB  - A primate model has been used to explore the possibility that anterolateral
      chordotomy may produce intraspinal sprouting or rearrangement of primary afferent
      nerve terminations that could account for delayed postoperative recovery of
      sensory function. Monkeys were trained to limit the duration of an electrical
      stimulus, and the vigor and frequency of their escape responses were used to
      differentiate painful from nonpainful levels of stimulation. Behavioral testing
      after chordotomy revealed: 1) contralateral hypalgesia in all animals, with
      sensory recovery in half of the group, and 2) bilateral decreases in reflexive
      force in all animals, with reflex recovery in the majority of monkeys. At the
      terminal experiment, dorsal rootlets caudal to the spinal lesion were labeled
      bilaterally with HRP, and the distribution of labeled synaptic complexes was
      determined within the dorsal horn. When compared to controls, animals undergoing
      chordotomy showed a loss of terminals in the superficial dorsal horn and an
      increase of synaptic enlargements in deeper layers. These effects were bilateral,
      but were most pronounced on the side contralateral to chordotomy. Animals with
      diffuse spinal lesions showed a completely different change in the distribution
      of primary afferent terminals. Animals with sensory recovery demonstrated a more
      normal terminal distribution pattern than persistently hypalgesic monkeys, but
      there was considerable variability in the data, and analysis by different
      statistical tests yielded varying results.

PMID- 3372748
TI  - Collateral reinnervation of taste buds after chronic sensory denervation: a
      morphological study.
AB  - Peripheral transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to
      label afferent fibers in the taste buds and lingual epithelium 2-12 weeks after
      chronic chorda tympani or combined chorda tympani-lingual nerve lesions. From 4
      12 weeks after a chronic chorda tympani lesion, taste buds could be found. These
      were innervated by fibers from the ipsilateral lingual nerve. From 8-12 weeks
      after a chronic chorda tympani-lingual nerve lesion, nerve fibers from the
      contralateral lingual nerve could be found in a few taste buds on the denervated
      side of the tongue. Thus, collateral sprouting took place over the midline in
      this instance. These findings indicate that intact gustatory axons do not sprout
      into denervated taste buds, but trigeminal fibers in the lingual nerve do have
      this ability.

PMID- 3372749
TI  - Topography of interhemispheric connections in neocortex of mice with congenital
      deficiencies of the callosal commissure.
AB  - Normally, axons within the corpus callosum are ordered according to the cortical
      regions from which they originate, and callosal cells and terminations form
      elaborate cortical patterns related to the underlying topographic representations
      of the sensory periphery. About 30% of mice of the BALB/c strain show congenital
      deficiencies of the callosal commissure which range from total absence of the
      corpus callosum to a moderate reduction in the size of this commissure. In the
      light of current theories about the origin of these callosal deficiencies, it
      seems likely that fibers crossing the midplane in mutant mice have to circumvent
      local disturbances along their migration path. Since these disturbances in fiber
      trajectory may, in turn, alter the overall pattern of callosal projections, we
      set out to investigate whether the distribution of callosal connections in mice
      with marked deficiencies of the corpus callosum is as ordered as in normal mice.
      In groups of normal and mutant mice, we used multiple injections of horseradish
      peroxidase to reveal the overall distribution of callosal connections and
      restricted injections of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ
      agglutinin to reveal finer aspects of the organization of the callosal pathway in
      these animals. Our results show that the number of labeled cells is reduced in
      mice with a small corpus callosum and that no labeled cells are present in the
      neocortex of acallosal mice. Furthermore, the topographic distribution of fibers
      within the corpus callosum of mutant mice can be significantly less ordered than
      in normal mice. However, even in mice with extreme deficiencies of the corpus
      callosum, callosal fibers originate from and terminate in all major areas of the
      cortex, and, within these areas, callosal cells and terminations are distributed
      according to the normal plan. The laminar distribution of callosal cells also
      appears normal in these mice. These findings indicate that gross developmental
      anomalies of the corpus callosum do not prevent normal specification of the
      callosal pattern during development. Within the context of current theories about
      the origin of congenital callosal deficiencies, our findings suggest that
      callosal fibers are able to establish appropriate contralateral connections in
      spite of alterations of their migration route. They also suggest that fiber
      topography within the corpus callosum does not play an important role in guiding
      migrating axons to their correct contralateral targets. Finally, our failure to
      find labeled fibers within the anterior commissure indicates that this commissure
      does not serve as an alternative route for deviated callosal axons.

PMID- 3372750
TI  - FMRFamide- and adipokinetic hormone-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system
      of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
AB  - As demonstrated with immunocytochemistry, specific cells and axons in the nervous
      system of female Aedes aegypti contain antigens immunologically related to
      FMRFamide (phenylalanine-methionine-arginine-phenylalanine-amide) and locust
      adipokinetic hormone I (AKH). In the supra-esophageal ganglion, including some
      medial neurosecretory cells, and in all ganglia of the ventral nerve cord, there
      are 100-120 cells immunoreactive to a FMRFamide antiserum. The same cells cross
      react with a bovine pancreatic polypeptide antiserum, but when the latter
      antiserum is preabsorbed with FMRFamide, immunoreactivity is lost. However,
      immunoreactivity is maintained when FMRFamide antiserum is preabsorbed with
      pancreatic polypeptide, suggesting that the immunoreactive peptide is more
      closely related to FMRFamide. There are 6-12 cells in the supra- and
      subesophageal ganglia immunoreactive to an AKH antiserum, and some of the same
      cells are reactive to the FMRFamide antiserum. As well, unpaired cells in each of
      the abdominal ganglia are positive for both AKH and FMRFamide. Although the
      function of the FMRFamide- and AKH-like peptides in mosquitoes is unknown, this
      study, combined with previous reports on the localization of FMRFamide-like
      peptides in midgut endocrine cells, supports the concept of a brain-midgut
      neuroendocrine axis in this insect.

PMID- 3372752
TI  - Pneumonia following experimental bronchial obstruction in sheep.
AB  - Five of 7 sheep in which the bronchi supplying the right apical lobe of the lung
      were obstructed with a cottonwool plug developed pneumonia. Large numbers of
      bacteria were isolated from 4 of the 5 pneumonic lungs. Only minor pulmonary
      lesions, which are common in sheep on pasture, were observed in 5 sham operation
      and 5 control sheep. These results support a role for airway obstruction in
      compromising the antimicrobial defences of the lungs in naturally occurring
      bacterial pneumonias of sheep.

PMID- 3372751
TI  - The pathology of "sheep-associated" malignant catarrhal fever in the hamster.
AB  - Lesions induced in hamsters by inoculation with the "sheep-associated" agents of
      malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) isolated from a red deer (Cervus elaphus),
      designated D/1 and of bovine origin (C/2), are described. Clinical signs in
      hamsters inoculated with the D/1 isolate occurred as early as 13 days after
      infection although the mean incubation period in animals that developed signs was
      27 days. Increased numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes were present in the
      blood of clinically affected hamsters. Gross lesions included erosions of
      epithelium in the buccal cavity, haemorrhage of the forestomach, dilated fluid
      filled intestines and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph node. Microscopic
      lesions were widespread throughout the body but had a predilection for epithelial
      surfaces. They consisted of hyperplasia of certain lymph nodes, vasculitis and
      interstitial accumulations of mononuclear cells of lymphoid appearance in non
      lymphoid tissues. Cytolysis was also seen. Lesions produced by the C/2 isolate
      were similar and both isolates produced disease comparable with that seen in
      naturally occurring cases in cattle and deer. It is suggested that disease might
      arise through a dysfunction of the immune system following infection of host
      large granular lymphocytes by the SA-MCF agent, in a way similar to that
      suggested for the rabbit.

PMID- 3372753
TI  - AA amyloid-associated gastroenteropathy in a horse.
AB  - Systemic amyloidosis involving the digestive tract is described in an 11-year-old
      Morgan stallion. The disease was characterized clinically by weight loss,
      ptyalism, anaemia, persistent mature neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and
      hypergammaglobulinaemia. The D-xylose absorption test indicated malabsorption.
      Necropsy revealed oral, oesophageal and gastric ulcers and reddened segments of
      small bowel mucosa with scant haemorrhages. Microscopically, amyloid deposits
      were found throughout all tissue layers of the digestive tract, except the
      serosa. Deposits of amyloid were most apparent in the small bowel mucosa and
      submucosal arteries. Amyloid was also present in the spleen and lymph nodes and
      to a lesser extent in the liver, kidneys, lungs, pancreas and bone marrow. All
      amyloid deposits gave the typical histochemical reaction for AA amyloid with the
      KMnO4-Congo red stain procedure and immunohistochemical cross-reactivity was
      demonstrated with antisera to both canine and bovine protein AA by the peroxidase
      antiperoxidase technique. The cause of the amyloidosis was not identified,
      although the haematological and serological data were compatible with an
      underlying chronic inflammatory process.

PMID- 3372754
TI  - Further studies in the use of monensin in the control of experimental ovine
      toxoplasmosis.
AB  - Monensin was fed to 69 pregnant ewes from 81 to 84 days gestation until lambing,
      at an estimated rate of nil, 16.8 or 27.9 mg per head per day. Ten days after the
      start of this regime, groups of the ewes were dosed orally with nil, 2000 or
      12,000 sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Twenty ewes given T. gondii alone (T
      ewes) produced 29 lambs or aborted foetuses, 16 (55.2 per cent) of which were
      born dead. The 39 ewes given monensin and T. gondii (M + T ewes) produced 48
      lambs or aborted foetuses, 8 (16.7 per cent) of which were born dead. The 10 ewes
      given monensin alone produced 12 live lambs. No difference of effect was apparent
      between the two doses of monensin given, nor between the two doses of Toxoplasma
      oocysts used. Monensin alone caused no discernible problems. Not only were
      proportionately more live lambs born to M + T ewes than to T ewes, but they were
      also heavier, possibly due to a lesser "weight" of infection within the gravid
      uterus. We conclude that monensin fed at about 16 mg per head per day to pregnant
      ewes can significantly reduce losses at lambing time due to experimentally
      administered T. gondii.

PMID- 3372755
TI  - Malignant melanoma in goats: a clinico-pathological study.
AB  - The clinicopathological features of 62 cases of malignant melanoma in goats in
      Sudan are described. The tumours occurred most frequently in grey or brown goats.
      The predilection site was the perineum. The tumour invaded locally and
      metastasized through lymphatics and blood vessels. Surgical excision of the
      tumour was followed or preceded by lymphadenectomy in some cases. The tumour was
      highly malignant and carried a poor prognosis. Possible aetiological factors are
      discussed.

PMID- 3372756
TI  - Pathological changes in the brain in equine grass sickness.
AB  - Lesions in a wide range of cranial nuclei are described in 11 horses with grass
      sickness. Similar changes were seen in one horse with laminitis, but not in
      control animals. It is suggested that such lesions are non-specific in nature.

PMID- 3372757
TI  - Phototherapy units: comparison of fluorescent ultraviolet B and ultraviolet A
      units with a high-pressure mercury system.
AB  - Comparison in ultraviolet (UV) dosimetry is reported for three different
      phototherapy machines. Two of the machines used UV-emitting fluorescent tubes in
      a standard upright cabinet formation. One of these machines was equipped with
      predominantly UVB-emitting fluorescent tubes and the other with predominantly UVA
      emitting tubes. The third machine consisted of a series of vertically mounted
      high-pressure mercury halide lamps equipped with two different filters for
      selection of wavelengths between 295 and 400 nm or 320 and 400 nm. The horizontal
      UV output of the mercury halide and UVB fluorescent units was reduced between the
      UV-emitting areas, and it is advised that patients rotate when using these units.
      It was determined that the vertical uniformity and intensity of UV emission was
      superior in the mercury halide unit compared with the fluorescent tubed units.

PMID- 3372758
TI  - Evaluation of muscular lesions in connective tissue diseases: thallium 201
      muscular scans.
AB  - We performed thallium 201 muscle scans to assess muscular involvement in 40
      patients with different connective tissue diseases (7 with dermatomyositis, 7
      with systemic lupus erythematosus, 12 with progressive systemic scleroderma, 2
      with calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly, and
      telangiectasia (CREST) syndrome, 3 with monomelic scleroderma, 6 with morphea,
      and 3 with Raynaud's disease). Only 12 of these patients complained of
      fatigability and/or myalgia. Electromyography was performed and serum levels of
      muscle enzymes were measured in all patients. Comparison of thallium 201 exercise
      recording with the other tests revealed that scan sensitivity is greater than
      electromyographic and serum muscle enzymes levels. Thallium 201 scans showed
      abnormal findings in 32 patients and revealed subclinical lesions in 18 patients,
      while electromyography findings were abnormal in 25 of these 32 patients. Serum
      enzyme levels were raised in only 8 patients. Thallium 201 scanning proved to be
      a useful guide for modifying therapy when laboratory data were conflicting. It
      was useful to evaluate treatment efficacy. Because our data indicate a 100%
      positive predictive value, we believe that thallium 201 scanning should be
      advised for severe systemic connective tissue diseases with discordant test
      results.

PMID- 3372759
TI  - Frequency of skeletal disease, arthro-osteitis, in patients with pustulosis
      palmoplantaris.
AB  - Fourteen randomly selected patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris were examined
      to determine the frequency of skeletal involvement. Symptoms and both clinical
      and radiographic signs of skeletal disease occurred in five patients (36%). Four
      patients had erosive and/or sclerotic changes in the region of the
      sternoclavicular, the first sternocostal, and/or the manubriosternal joint, in
      two with additional ossification of the costoclavicular ligament. Two patients
      had spinal involvement, one paravertebral ossifications, and the other sequelae
      of anterior spondylodiskitis. Peripheral joint complaints without
      radiographically detectable erosions, but with periarticular new bone formation,
      occurred in three patients. The skeletal changes are probably not incidental and
      seems to constitute a seronegative spondyloarthropathy associated with pustulosis
      palmoplantaris.

PMID- 3372760
TI  - Aggressive gluten challenge of dermatitis herpetiformis cases converts them from
      seronegative to seropositive for IgA-class endomysial antibodies.
AB  - The responses to aggressive gluten challenge of two dermatitis herpetiformis
      patients with normal gut mucosa and negative serum findings for IgA endomysial
      antibodies while on normal diets indicate that these patients have a latent
      gluten-sensitive enteropathy. This was shown further by the control of skin
      lesions in both cases and in one case by the clearance of the induced gut lesions
      with a gluten-free diet. Specifically, for 12 to 20 weeks, aggressive gluten
      challenge (1 to 2 gm/kg/day) of these two patients was followed by both the
      appearance of and a rise in titer of IgA endomysial antibodies with an
      exacerbation of skin lesions. After 27 weeks of gluten challenge, histologic
      studies of the gut showed grade III flattening of the jejunal mucosa in the
      patient who developed IgA endomysial antibodies 19 weeks before biopsy was
      performed but not in the patient in whom IgA endomysial antibodies appeared 7
      weeks before biopsy was performed. When both patients were placed on a gluten
      free diet, IgA endomysial antibodies titers showed negative findings and the skin
      lesions subsided. It was possible to discontinue dapsone treatment after 30 weeks
      on a gluten-free diet in one patient and after 33 weeks in the other. It is
      important to note in the patient who developed grade III (significant) gut
      pathology after gluten challenge that a third biopsy taken 59 weeks after
      starting a gluten-free diet revealed a return to a grade II (insignificant) level
      of villus atrophy. Thus if sulfones are contraindicated in such cases, patients
      can be treated successfully with a gluten-free diet.

PMID- 3372761
TI  - Prevalence of common "acquired" nevocytic nevi and dysplastic nevi is not related
      to ultraviolet exposure.
AB  - The precise role of ultraviolet radiation in the induction of nevocytic nevi is
      unsettled. We studied mole counts in relation to the attitude toward ultraviolet
      exposure in 508 students 18 to 30 years of age. Moles were counted on the chest,
      back, and legs. Lesions measuring 2 mm or less in diameter and those measuring
      more than 2 mm were recorded separately. Dysplastic nevi were also recorded
      separately. The attitude toward sun worship was related to the average periods of
      sunbathing, the frequency of holidays in sunny climates, and the use of
      artificial ultraviolet sources. The frequency of pigmented nevi showed no
      correlation with sun behavior, irrespective of sex, mole size, or burning and
      tanning propensities. This lack of correlation between ultraviolet exposure and
      mole counts held true for all solar parameters: periods of sunbathing, sunny
      holidays, and sunlamp usage. Contrary to expectation, there was a clear, although
      not statistically significant, excess of dysplastic nevi in subjects with short
      periods of ultraviolet exposure during leisure. From these data insufficient
      evidence emerges to support the hypothesis of a correlation between the
      occurrence of common nevocytic nevi and dysplastic nevi and the degree of
      insolation by natural or artificial ultraviolet radiation.

PMID- 3372762
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis Dowling-Meara in a large family.
AB  - A large Arab family, originating from Jerusalem, including 38 affected members
      (19 male and 19 female) with epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis Dowling-Meara
      over four consecutive generations is described. Fourteen of 38 affected members
      of the family were examined clinically; their ages ranged from 2 to 35. The main
      clinical features were bullae, generalized, solitary, and in groups, with
      predilection to the skin of the palms and soles. Mild to moderate patchy
      hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles was found in 5 affected members of the
      family; their ages ranged from 2 to 7; 9 other affected adults were free.
      Blisters in oral mucous membranes were noted and found in summer and in periods
      of fever; hair, teeth, and nails were normal. Age of onset of the disease was
      from birth to 2 weeks. Expressivity appeared equally variable within and between
      sibships. Improvement was noted by progression of age from 5 to 23 years, and by
      some in summer and by others in winter. In contrast to previous reports,
      aggravation of the disease was noted during fever periods. Ultrastructural
      studies from a fresh blister disclosed intraepidermal blister via cytolysis of
      basal cell cytoplasm. The pedigree shows the transmission of an autosomal
      dominant gene. Affection of both consanguineous parents and their six offspring
      with epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis Dowling-Meara is the most striking
      feature of the family--probably 25% of their offspring were homozygote.

PMID- 3372763
TI  - Clinical assessment of Zyplast Implant: a year of experience for soft tissue
      contour correction.
AB  - The advent of injectable collagen for soft tissue augmentation has opened an
      entirely new area for the dermatologic cosmetic surgeon and for dermatologists
      who have a particular interest in the cosmetic aspect of our specialty. Patient
      demand for correction of soft tissue contour irregularities is high and continues
      to increase daily. The use of injectable collagen with appropriate technique can
      provide these patients with significant improvement without great cost or
      significant side effects. In the year following the introduction of
      glutaraldehyde cross-linked Zyplast Implant, 188 patients were evaluated for soft
      tissue augmentation with bovine collagen in my clinical practice. Diagnoses
      varied from facial elastosis to scars due to acne, pox, trauma, and cancer. Some
      patients desired changes in facial contour (thicker lips; postrhinoplasty
      defect). Patient satisfaction was high (83% good or excellent results) and side
      effects were minimal. In our study we found that 3% of patients demonstrated
      hypersensitivity to the test implant. Treatment with non-cross-linked Zyderm and
      Zyplast collagens in the patients with a negative skin test resulted in six
      hypersensitivity reactions (3%). In these patients reactions were not observed at
      sites treated only with cross-linked collagen and clinical responses appeared to
      be directed at the non-cross-linked collagen implant sites. With proper treatment
      technique and patient consultation, the results obtained with injectable collagen
      fulfill expectations of treated patients.

PMID- 3372764
TI  - Current status of public health service efforts to cope with acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on a national basis.

PMID- 3372765
TI  - Some concerns about current laser surgery of condylomata acuminata.

PMID- 3372766
TI  - A comment on the composition of normal and trichothiodystrophic human hair.

PMID- 3372767
TI  - Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis in Alagille's syndrome.

PMID- 3372768
TI  - Telangiectasia versus telangiectasis.

PMID- 3372769
TI  - Influence of storage conditions on the stability of anthralin in the presence of
      coal tar and salicylic acid in a white soft paraffin base.

PMID- 3372770
TI  - International Society of Dermatopathology.

PMID- 3372771
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis affecting the sternoxiphoid joint.

PMID- 3372772
TI  - Perforating pilomatricoma--difficulty in diagnosis.

PMID- 3372773
TI  - Fenoprofen-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PMID- 3372774
TI  - Management of eczema herpeticum.

PMID- 3372775
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and yellow nails.

PMID- 3372776
TI  - Antifungal agents in dermatology.

PMID- 3372777
TI  - Trichomycosis axillaris: a different view.
AB  - Trichomycosis axillaris is a trivial disease of worldwide occurrence that is
      believed to be caused by the genus Corynebacteria. In addition to invading the
      cuticle of the hair, the Corynebacteria are believed to elaborate a material
      that, together with colonies of bacteria, make up the concretions formed on the
      hair shaft. A careful review of the literature on this disease indicates that
      this latter belief may not be correct.

PMID- 3372778
TI  - "Too much time".

PMID- 3372779
TI  - Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient affected by mixed essential
      cryoglobulinemia.
AB  - A patient with mixed essential cryoglobulinemia and polysystemic involvement
      developed cutaneous lesions characterized by erythematopurpuric maculae and
      blisters over his entire body. Such lesions appeared during the course of
      treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide when penicillin was added to the
      therapeutic regimen. The diagnosis of drug-related toxic epidermal necrolysis was
      made on the basis of clinical history and histologic features. The possible
      relationship with the underlying immunologic aberration and the active
      immunosuppression is discussed.

PMID- 3372780
TI  - Compromised wound repair caused by perioperative use of ibuprofen.
AB  - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit inflammation, an
      integral part of the wound-healing process. Compromised wound repair has been
      demonstrated in laboratory animals administered high-dose nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs, a phenomenon we speculate could occur in humans undergoing
      surgery. We report a dramatic case of impaired wound healing in a patient
      ingesting high-dose perioperative ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drug.

PMID- 3372781
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F in a non-Japanese patient.
AB  - Genetic complementation studies allowed assignment of a 22-year-old-white woman
      to the rare complementation group of classic, excision-defective xeroderma
      pigmentosum (group F cell strain), previously reported only in patients from
      Japan. She manifested mild cutaneous changes, with no tumors and normal
      sensitivity to monochromatic ultraviolet irradiation. Unscheduled
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured fibroblasts (XP126LO) after
      irradiation with germicidal ultraviolet light was reduced to 13% of control
      values during the first 2 hours and rose to 45% of normal by 7 to 8 hours.

PMID- 3372782
TI  - Augmentation spectrum in solar urticaria.
AB  - A 24-year-old woman had solar urticaria that was activated by wavelengths ranging
      from 320 to 420 nm, mainly ultraviolet A light. The irradiation of visible light
      before exposure to activating wavelengths significantly enhanced an urticarial
      reaction in an augmentative but not in an additive fashion. The examinations
      using a monochromator revealed that the augmentation spectrum ranged from 450 to
      500 nm. Postirradiation of the spectrum had no effect. The inhibition spectrum
      was also determined in longer wavelengths ranging from 550 to 600 nm. Both
      postirradiation and preirradiation of the inhibition spectrum exerted their
      effects. The augmentation spectrum revealed no effects on the wheal formation
      induced by histamine or compound 48/80 in the patient. The existence of
      augmentation spectrum has never been reported in solar urticaria, although the
      inhibition spectrum has been described by several authors.

PMID- 3372783
TI  - Generalized morphea and idiopathic thrombocytopenia.
AB  - A patient with generalized morphea and thrombocytopenia is reported. The
      thrombocytopenia responded promptly to corticosteroid and immunosuppressive
      therapy but recurred when the steroids were discontinued. The occurrence of
      thrombocytopenia in generalized morphea suggests a common immune mechanism and
      emphasizes the need to look for concomitant autoimmune hematologic disorders in
      patients with systemic, as well as localized, scleroderma.

PMID- 3372784
TI  - Focal facial dermal dysplasia: bitemporal lesions resembling aplasia cutis
      congenita.
AB  - Focal facial dermal dysplasia is the preferred designation for an inherited
      disorder characterized by congenital scarlike lesions on the temples. Review of
      the literature reveals a spectrum of associated facial anomalies that cannot be
      clearly divided into discrete clinical syndromes. To reconcile the apparent
      genetic diversity of previously reported cases, we postulate autosomal dominant
      inheritance with incomplete penetrance. An isolated case of a 4 1/2-month-old
      infant with typical bitemporal markings and otherwise normal facies is described.

PMID- 3372785
TI  - Exogenous ochronosis in the United States.
AB  - Two middle-aged black women reported hyperpigmentation of the face after using
      bleaching creams containing hydroquinone. Both noted initial lightening of facial
      pigmentation followed by progressive darkening of the areas to which the cream
      was applied. After biopsy, they were found to have exogenous ochronosis. These
      are the fifth and sixth cases of exogenous ochronosis reported in the United
      States. In this article we review the literature and discuss the possible
      pathogenesis of exogenous ochronosis.

PMID- 3372786
TI  - Quantitation of S100 protein-positive cells in inflamed and non-inflamed
      keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Langerhans cells (LC) were identified and quantitated in non-inflamed
      keratoacanthoma (KA), inflamed KA, non-inflamed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),
      and inflamed SCC, by their content of S100 protein. The number of LCs per high
      power field was markedly increased in inflamed KA when compared to the other
      groups. Using similar methods on frozen sections, the expression of HLA-DR was
      identified on keratinocytes in KA in areas of inflammation but not in other
      lesions under study. We hypothesize that increased numbers of LCs in inflamed KA
      are part of the process which results in tumor regression.

PMID- 3372787
TI  - Malignant rhabdoid skin tumor: an uncommon primary skin neoplasm. Ultrastructural
      and immunohistochemical analysis.
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcomatoid renal tumors were initially described as a subset of tumors
      in the National Wilms Tumor Study that had light microscopic features similar to
      rhabdomyosarcomas. Subsequent studies failed to reveal evidence of muscle
      differentiation, thus the genesis of the term "rhabdoid" tumor. Such renal tumors
      are rapidly lethal. Recent reports suggest the occurrence of tumors with similar
      morphology in other anatomic sites. We wish to report a primary malignant
      rhabdoid tumor of the facial skin with detailed immunohistochemical and
      ultrastructural studies. Vimentin was expressed in the tumor cells, but there was
      no immunoreactivity for cytokeratins, neurofilaments, muscle actin,
      synaptophysin, S-100, melanoma antigen HMB-45, epithelial membrane antigen,
      neuron specific enolase, Leu-7, leucocyte common antigen or lysozyme/alpha-1
      antitrypsin. Ultrastructure revealed typical whorled cytoplasmic aggregates of
      intermediate filaments. These studies along with a literature review reveal the
      heterogeneous immunohistochemical profiles of these tumors with common
      morphologic features. While the histogenesis of these tumors remain uncertain, it
      is necessary to recognize that these aggressive neoplasms may occur primarily in
      the skin.

PMID- 3372788
TI  - Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a case without paraproteinemia but with
      transepithelial elimination.
AB  - We report a female patient, now aged 60, followed for 20 years for lesions
      originally diagnosed as necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. In fact, the
      anatomical and clinical features of her disorder correspond to the new entity
      described as necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Two elements distinguish this from
      earlier cases: 1) two examinations failed to reveal paraproteinemia; 2) there was
      transepithelial elimination of cholesterol crystals and degenerated xanthomatous
      cell debris via hair follicles. This demonstrates the characteristic histology of
      the disorder and indicates that the diagnosis of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
      should be considered even in the absence of paraproteinemia.

PMID- 3372789
TI  - Lycopodium granuloma.
AB  - The spores of Lycopodium (L) clavatum were used as a component of a dusting
      powder in many hospitals during the 1920's and 1930's. When L spores enter
      surgical wounds a lesion clinically resembling tuberculosis or neoplasia may
      develop months or even years later. We recently encountered a case of L granuloma
      occurring in a patient 50 years after an appendectomy. Three additional cases
      found in the files of the AFIP are also reported.

PMID- 3372790
TI  - Adult, acquired reactive perforating collagenosis. Report of a case including
      ultrastructural findings.
AB  - A case of reactive perforating collagenosis in an adult male patient with chronic
      renal failure. Pruritic, umbilicate papules, showing extrusion of collagen fibers
      through the epidermis were detected histopathologically. Electron microscopy
      showed absence of basal membrane beneath the perforation and collagen fibers with
      preserved periodicity passing through widened intercellular spaces with islands
      of cytoplasmic material.

PMID- 3372791
TI  - Actinic granuloma (O'Brien).
AB  - Twelve cases of actinic granuloma (O'Brien) are reported. It is concluded that
      actinic granuloma is a specific disease characterized by clinical lesions
      indistinguishable from granuloma annulare, but occurring on solar damaged skin.
      Histologically, elastic tissue is destroyed by the granulomatous process in
      actinic granuloma, but not in granuloma annulare. It would appear that actinic
      granuloma, granuloma multiforme, necrobiosis lipoidica of the face and scalp
      (Wilson-Jones) and Miescher's granuloma of the face (Mehregan and Altman) are the
      same disease.

PMID- 3372793
TI  - Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of human mast cells in normal skin and
      pathological cutaneous lesions.
AB  - Electron micrographs of human mast cells in normal neonatal and adult skin and in
      cutaneous lesions of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), hemangioma and mastocytosis were
      assessed by morphometric analysis. Using this quantitative histologic approach,
      adult skin mast cells were found to be significantly larger (47.7 microns 2 +/-
      2.4 SEM vs. 38.3 microns 2 +/- 1.8 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001) and have
      larger granules (0.63 micron +/- .02 SEM vs. 0.53 micron +/- .02 SEM, p less than
      or equal to 0.001) than infant mast cells while both mast cell populations had
      comparable nuclear sizes (13.7 microns 2 +/- 0.9 SEM vs. 14.3 microns 2 +/- 0.8
      SEM) and numbers of cytoplasmic granules (72 +/- 4.0 SEM vs. 66 +/- 4.0 SEM).
      Morphometric analysis of mast cell infiltrates in the adult skin lesions of BCC
      and hemangioma revealed that these cells were larger than neonatal mast cells but
      were similar to normal adult controls. Cutaneous mast cells from 2 mastocytosis
      patients, however, had significantly larger mean cell surface areas (78.0 microns
      2 +/- 3.4 SEM and 70.6 microns 2 +/- 3.2 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001),
      nuclear areas (20.8 microns 2 +/- 1.1 SEM and 21.3 microns 2 +/- 1.2 SEM p less
      than or equal to 0.001) and granule diameters (0.82 micron +/- 0.4 SEM and 0.83
      micron +/- .03 SEM, p less than or equal to 0.001) when compared with mast cells
      in normal adult skin and in the other pathologic lesions. No difference in the
      total number of cytoplasmic granules was observed in the different mast cell
      populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372792
TI  - A new histopathologic feature of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: lymphoid
      nodules.
AB  - We have found a previously undescribed histopathologic feature of necrobiosis
      lipoidica diabeticorum among 310 biopsied cases: lymphoid nodules. This feature
      does not correlate with unique clinical lesions or forms of the disease. The
      lymphoid nodules are similar in appearance to those in other chronic dermal
      inflammations.

PMID- 3372794
TI  - Elastosis perforans serpiginosa: clinical, histomorphological and immunological
      studies.
AB  - In two cases of elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) new clinical and laboratory
      data are described and discussed. In Case 1, EPS was triggered by penicillamine-D
      within an unusually short period (about one year). In Case 2, EPS was apparently
      primarily triggered by a vena puncture. In both cases the light and electron
      microscopic findings were strictly compatible with EPS. These findings are
      summarized. In the active lesions of both cases increased numbers of helper T
      cells and Langerhans cells were shown, while cytotoxic-suppressor T-cells were
      nearly completely absent. Leu 3a+ cells and Leu 6+ cells were also present in the
      inactive central area of the lesions. The data presented may cast doubt on the
      relationship of immunological findings to pathogenetic events in the disease.

PMID- 3372795
TI  - Isolation of some minor milk proteins, distributed in acid whey from
      approximately 100,000 to 250,000 daltons of particle size.
AB  - Milk proteins in acid whey were separated into five fractions according to
      molecular size by gel filtration chromatography. The second peak, P2, contained
      proteins between approximately 250,000 and 100,000 daltons. Proteins in P2 were
      concentrated. After separation into albumins and globulins, each protein group
      was isolated by DEAE chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography,
      Isolated albumin fractions were a yellow-colored protein of 89,000 daltons, an
      unidentified protein of 73,000 daltons, a beta-lactoglobulin of 18,300 daltons,
      and a red-colored protein of 87,000 daltons. Two types of globulin fractions were
      isolated: 1) a globulin fraction that coagulated in saturated sodium sulfate but
      did not coagulate when dialyzed against deionized water included a brown-colored
      protein of 150,000 daltons, and 2) a bovine serum albumin of 67,000 daltons with
      unidentified 170,000 and 30,000 daltons bands. A true globulin fraction contained
      a 77,000 dalton unidentified protein with several faint bands. The red-colored
      protein was identified as lactoferrin and the brown-colored protein as xanthine
      oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2.). A yellow-colored protein was concluded to be the denatured
      protein of contaminated lactoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7).

PMID- 3372796
TI  - Thermal denaturation and coagulation of whey proteins: effect of sugars.
AB  - The thermal coagulation of unfractionated whey proteins was inhibited by various
      sugars. The disaccharides, sucrose and lactose, were most effective, and the
      amino sugar, glucosamine, least effective in this respect. Ultraviolet absorption
      and light-scattering measurements on the thermal denaturation and coagulation of
      both unfractionated and individual whey proteins (alpha-lactalbumin, beta
      lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin) showed that sucrose promotes the
      denaturation of these proteins but inhibits their subsequent coagulation. These
      results are interpreted in terms of the effect of sucrose on the hydrophobic
      interactions between solvent and protein.

PMID- 3372797
TI  - Dietary choline effects on milk yield and duodenal choline flow in dairy cattle.
AB  - In Experiment 1, the effect, in early lactation, of 0 or 3 g of supplemental
      choline/kg of total diet DM on milk yield and composition was tested in 20 first
      lactation and older Holstein cows. In Experiment 2, 30 first lactation and older
      Holstein cows between 45 and 200 d postpartum were assigned to treatments of 0,
      2.5, and 5.0 g of supplemental choline/kg of total diet DM to test the effect of
      dietary choline with diets based on corn and soybean meal. In Experiments 1 and
      2, added choline had no effect on either milk yield or fat-corrected milk yield.
      In both experiments, fat yield and fat percentage tended to increase with choline
      supplementation, but protein yield and protein percentage were unaffected. In
      Experiment 1, choline had no effect on serum lipids. Ruminal dosing of steers
      with 27 g/d supplemental choline in Experiment 3 increased duodenal choline flow
      by only 3 g/d. The apparent rumen degradability of choline tended to be higher
      (77.1 vs. 70.6%) in the supplemented steers. Choline concentration in rumen fluid
      and duodenal chyme were higher in the supplemented steers. Choline
      supplementation in Experiments 1 and 3 had no effect on rumen VFA or rumen pH.
      Dietary choline supplementation apparently is ineffective because of rapid
      degradation of choline in the rumen.

PMID- 3372798
TI  - Influence of prilled fat and calcium salt of palm oil fatty acids on ruminal
      fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
AB  - Four rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a Latin square design to examine
      the effect of supplemental calcium salt of palm oil fatty acids (.68 kg/d) or
      prilled fat (.68 or .91 kg/d) on DM intake, rumen fermentation, and nutrient
      digestibility. Basal diet contained 45% concentrate, 27.5% alfalfa silage, and
      27.5% corn silage (DM basis), and treatments were balanced for calcium. Dry
      matter intake was similar among treatments. Ruminal pH, total VFA, and molar
      percentage acetate and propionate were not affected by fat supplementation.
      Feeding prilled fat decreased slightly ruminal molar percentage butyrate. Forage
      DM and neutral detergent fiber disappearance from ruminally suspended dacron bags
      did not differ due to treatment. For unknown reasons, total tract apparent
      digestibility of DM and NDF was lower when cows received the low amount but not
      the high amount of prilled fat. Milk yield and fat percentage were not
      significantly affected by treatment. Milk protein was maintained during prilled
      fat supplementation but decreased .13% during calcium salt of palm oil fatty acid
      supplementation. Both fat supplements appeared inert in the rumen and did not
      markedly affect nutrient digestion when supplemented at 3.5% or less of the total
      ration DM.

PMID- 3372799
TI  - Net portal absorption of volatile fatty acids and L(+)-lactate by lactating
      Holstein cows.
AB  - Net absorption of L-lactate and VFA from the portal drained viscera of first
      lactation Holstein cows was measured at 4, 8, (four cows), 12, 16, and 20 wk (two
      cows) of lactation. Chronic indwelling catheters were installed 7 to 14 d
      postpartum in appropriate vessels to measure blood flow and net nutrient
      absorption. Cows were fed a completely mixed, 60:40 (dry basis) corn
      silage:supplement diet and milked every 12 h. Average metabolizable energy intake
      was 2.8X maintenance and mean milk production was 24.0 kg. Net absorption of
      lactate, any of the VFA, or their total was not affected by week postpartum. Net
      absorption of L-lactate, VFA, and alpha-amino N accounted in sum for 53.6% of
      metabolizable energy intake; contributions of each component to energy in
      absorbed nutrients were acetate and propionate, 29.5% each; alpha-amino N, 23.4%;
      L-lactate, 5.4%; n-butyrate, 5.3%; 2-methylbutyrate, 2.8%, and i-butyrate, i
      valerate, and n-valerate, 1.2 to 1.6% each. Comparison of paired samples of blood
      and plasma showed that blood cells contribute to the transport of acetate,
      propionate, i-butyrate, and 2-methyl-butyrate but not of n-butyrate, i-valerate,
      or n-valerate.

PMID- 3372800
TI  - Protected methionine supplementation to a barley-based diet for cows during early
      lactation.
AB  - Formulation of diets using barley and soybean meal should result in a diet that
      supplies less methionine than conventional corn and soybean meal diets. To
      evaluate this further, 28 high producing Holstein cows (10 primiparous and 18
      multiparous) were fed a barley soybean meal diet without or with 15 g of added DL
      methionine as 50 g of ruminally protected methionine product during wk 4 to 16
      postpartum. Cows were fed a 15% CP total mixed diet consisting of (dry matter
      basis) 50% concentrate mix, 45% corn silage, and 5% chopped alfalfa hay. Yields
      of milk (30.3 and 29.8 kg/d), 4% fat-corrected milk (26.0 and 25.6 kg/d), and
      solids-corrected milk (26.3 and 25.9 kg/d) were similar for cows fed diets
      without or with added methionine. Percent of milk fat (3.08 and 3.16%) and solids
      not-fat (8.66 and 8.71%) were similar, but percent protein (2.75 and 2.87%) was
      higher, from cows fed ruminally protected methionine. Methionine concentrations
      in arterial and venous serum were not significantly elevated by feeding ruminally
      protected methionine. Supplemental ruminally protected methionine did not
      increase milk production but did increase milk protein percentages in cows fed
      barley-based diets.

PMID- 3372801
TI  - Lactational response to soybean meal, heated soybean meal, and extruded soybeans
      with ruminally protected methionine.
AB  - Seventy-three high producing Holstein cows were arranged in a 3 X 2 factorial to
      evaluate three protein supplements (soybean meal, heat-treated soybean meal, and
      extruded blend of soybeans and soybean meal) without or with 15 g/head/d of
      ruminally protected DL-methionine during wk 4 through 16 postpartum. Total mixed
      diets contained (DM basis) 30% corn silage, 15% alfalfa hay, and 55% of the
      respective concentrate mix. Milk production was higher when cows were fed either
      heated soybean product instead of soybean meal. Methionine supplementation
      increased production when fed with soybean meal (32.2 and 33.8 kg/d) but not when
      fed with heat-treated soybean meal (34.5 and 33.0 kg/d) or extruded soybeans
      (36.2 and 34.4 kg/d). Milk fat percentages were lower with extruded soybeans
      (3.01, 2.93, and 2.66) and were similar without (2.83) or with (2.90)
      supplemental methionine. Milk protein percentages were highest when fed soybean
      meal, lowest with extruded soybeans (3.02, 2.92, and 2.87), and higher with
      supplemental methionine (2.91 and 2.96). Dry matter intake was higher when fed
      supplemental methionine (20.0 and 21.3 kg/d). Production of milk in early
      lactation high producing dairy cows was increased by supplementing a soybean meal
      diet with ruminally protected methionine or by replacing the soybean meal with
      heat-treated soybean meal, soybeans, or a mixture of the two.

PMID- 3372803
TI  - An improved assay for measuring heparin binding to bull sperm.
AB  - The binding of heparin to sperm has been used to study capacitation and to rank
      relative fertility of bulls. Previous binding assays were laborious, used 10(7)
      sperm per assay point, and required large amounts of radiolabeled heparin. A
      modified heparin-binding assay is described that used only 5 X 10(4) cells per
      incubation well and required reduced amounts of [3H] heparin. The assay was
      performed in 96-well Millititer plates, enabling easy incubation and filtering.
      Dissociation constants and concentrations of binding sites did not differ if
      analyzed by Scatchard plots, Woolf plots, or by log-logit transformed weighted
      nonlinear least squares regression, except in the case of outliers. In such
      cases, Scatchard analysis was more sensitive to outliers. Nonspecific binding was
      insignificant using nonlinear logistic fit regression and a proportion graph. The
      effects were tested of multiple freeze-thawing of sperm in either a commercial
      egg yolk extender, 40 mM Tris buffer with 8% glycerol, or 40 mM Tris buffer
      without glycerol. Freeze-thawing in extender did not affect the dissociation
      constant or the concentration of binding sites. However, freeze-thawing three
      times in 40 mM Tris reduced the concentration of binding sites and lowered the
      dissociation constant (raised the affinity). The inclusion of glycerol in the 40
      mM Tris did not significantly affect the estimated dissociation constant or the
      concentration of binding sites as compared to 40 mM Tris without glycerol.

PMID- 3372802
TI  - Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on reproductive performance of lactating
      Holstein cows.
AB  - Fifty-four lactating Holstein cows were assigned by parity and calving date to a
      2 X 3 factorial arrangement of a randomized block design to determine effects of
      beta-carotene supplementation and ration fiber content on reproduction. Because
      ration fiber treatments did not differ in their effects on reproductive
      performance, data for beta-carotene analyses were pooled over the three rations.
      From 3 to 98 d postpartum, cows were individually fed either 0 or 300 mg
      supplemental beta-carotene daily by adding it on top of their complete mixed
      ration. By wk 3 postpartum, concentrations of beta-carotene in blood serum were
      higher in cows fed supplemental beta-carotene and remained higher throughout the
      experimental period. Feeding supplemental beta-carotene had no effect on the
      interval from the time of parturition to uterine involution, ovulation, first
      observed estrus, or conception. Feeding beta-carotene did not influence incidence
      of cystic follicles based on palpation, ovarian cyclicity based on blood
      progesterone patterns, peak progesterone concentrations, or first service
      conception rate. Cows fed supplemental beta-carotene required fewer treatments
      for clinical mastitis. Reproductive performance in lactating Holstein cows was
      not improved by feeding supplemental beta-carotene.

PMID- 3372804
TI  - Content of alpha S1-casein and coagulation properties in goat milk.
AB  - Samples of goat milk with low and high alpha S1-casein content collected from
      animals of Alpine and Saanen breeds in the same stage of lactation were compared
      for coagulation properties (coagulation time, rate of curd formation, curd
      firmness) and chemical composition (total solids, ash, total protein, total
      casein, whey protein, fat, Ca, P, pH). Milk with low alpha S1-casein had a faster
      coagulation time, whereas milk with high levels produced the firmer curd
      associated with a better chemical composition. Within high alpha S1-casein milk,
      comparison between breeds showed milk from the Alpine breed had significantly
      better coagulation properties than that from the Saanen breed. Milk composition
      accounted for 27% of the variation in coagulation time, 21% of variation in cured
      formation rate, and 54% of variation in curd firmness.

PMID- 3372805
TI  - Effect of abraded intramammary device on milk yield, tissue damage, and cellular
      composition.
AB  - The study was conducted to determine effects of an abraded intramammary device on
      milk yield, tissue damage, and milk somatic cells during late lactation. Abraded
      intramammary devices were inserted into diagonally opposed quarters of 20 cows.
      One group of 11 cows (devices inserted 30 wk of lactation) was quarter machine
      milked daily for 2 wk before and for 8 wk after insertion. Nine cows had devices
      inserted within 4 wk postpartum and were quarter milked at 20 and 40 wk of
      lactation. Aliquots of quarter bucket milk were obtained for determination of
      milk somatic cells, red blood cells, and NAGase activity. Stripping milk was
      obtained for milk somatic cell counts. For both groups, there was no significant
      effect of the abraded intramammary device on NAGase activity. There was a
      tendency for quarters with devices to produce less milk than control quarters,
      but the difference was not significant. Milk SCC were significantly elevated in
      quarter bucket and stripping milk from quarters containing intramammary devices.
      Red blood cells were higher in quarters containing intramammary devices when
      compared with controls. Results indicate that abraded intramammary devices
      increased concentrations of somatic cells and red blood cells in bucket milk, did
      not damage tissue as measured by NAGase activity, and loss in milk production was
      nonsignificant.

PMID- 3372806
TI  - Herd composite somatic cell counts: average linear score and weighted average
      somatic cell count score and milk production.
AB  - The relationship between herd production weighted average somatic cell count
      (average of somatic cell count weighted by individual cow milk production) and
      average linear score (average of individual cow linear score somatic cell counts)
      was investigated using three models. The model with the highest R2 was log
      weighted average somatic cell count versus average linear score. Use of the
      regression model results to convert an average linear score to weighted average
      somatic cell count results in a bulk tank somatic cell count approximately twice
      that of conversion of a linear score somatic cell count when done on an
      individual cow basis. Rolling herd average milk decreased 190 kg as average
      linear score increased by 1.

PMID- 3372807
TI  - Inhibition of lipolytic activity in milk by polysaccharides.
AB  - The effect of gums on the activity of milk lipase and a Pseudomonas lipase in
      milk was investigated. Gums were hydrated in water and mixed with whole milk.
      Lipase was added to the gum-milk mixture and hydrolysis was determined after 48 h
      at 4 degrees C by the acid degree value method. Of the gums tested, the
      anionically charged lambda-, t- and kappa-carrageenan, furcellaran, and sodium
      alginate significantly inhibited milk lipase activity by 93.7, 81.2, 46.8, 50.6,
      and 62.1%, respectively. Furthermore, lambda-carrageenan was 87.6% effective in
      inhibiting lipolysis by a purified Pseudomonas fluorescens MC50 lipase in milk.
      The other gums tested, tragacanth, carboxymethyl cellulose, locust bean,
      propylene glycol alginate, xanthan, microcrystalline cellulose, guar, and arabic
      did not significantly inhibit milk lipase. Commonly used stabilizers can inhibit
      lipolytic activity in milk.

PMID- 3372808
TI  - A method for separation and quantification of phospholipid classes in human milk.
AB  - A simple, isocratic method for separating the major phospholipid classes of human
      milk by HPLC is described. Resolution of phosphatidylinositol,
      phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine,
      phosphatidylcholine, and spingomyelin from human milk phospholipids was achieved
      in 30 min on a silica column. Total phospholipids were injected in 50 microliter
      of chloroform:diethyl ether (1:2, vol/vol) and eluted with a solvent mixture of
      acetonitrile:methanol:sulfuric acid (100:3:.05, vol/vol/vol) at a flow rate of
      2.5 ml/min. Fractions were collected and each phospholipid class quantified by
      analysis of inorganic phosphorus after sulfuric acid digestion. A repeatability
      study with 19 samples had a coefficient of variation of 5.3%. The analytical
      recoveries of phospholipid standards averaged 98%. Recoveries varied with
      phospholipid class; variation was greatest with spingomyelin.

PMID- 3372809
TI  - Influence of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid-derived bovine growth hormone on
      alpha-lactalbumin production by bovine mammary tissue maintained in athymic nude
      mice.
AB  - Mammary tissue from five cows was cut into pieces approximately 3 mm2 x .2 mm and
      placed subcutaneously in athymic mice (10 to 12 pieces/mouse). After 30 d, all
      mice were injected for 10 d with 17 beta-estradiol (1 microgram), progesterone (1
      mg), ovine prolactin (1 mg), and growth hormone (recombinant DNA-derived bovine)
      (1 mg). Four grafts were then removed from each mouse, mice were ovariectomized,
      and subsequently mice were injected daily for 7 d with hydrocortisone (.2 mg, all
      mice), growth hormone (0, .25, .5, or 1.0 mg), and 0 or .5 mg ovine prolactin
      (three mice/treatment per udder). alpha-Lactalbumin content of grafts was 36 +/-
      9 micrograms/mg DNA after treatment with estradiol, progesterone, growth hormone,
      and prolactin but before hydrocortisone, prolactin, and growth hormone treatment.
      Hydrocortisone treatment increased alpha-lactalbumin to 147 micrograms/mg DNA.
      Growth hormone plus hydrocortisone treatment increased alpha-lactalbumin to 391,
      451, and 480 micrograms/mg DNA for .25, .5, and 1.0 mg/d of growth hormone,
      respectively. Prolactin plus hydrocortisone treatment increased alpha-lactalbumin
      to 466 micrograms/mg DNA. With exogenous prolactin, growth hormone increased
      alpha-lactalbumin content of grafts to 581, 647, and 689 micrograms/mg DNA for
      .25, .5, and 1.0 mg/d of growth hormone, respectively. Histological examination
      of tissues indicated that the effect of growth hormone was not mediated through
      increased epithelial area. Data suggest that bovine mammary tissue is capable of
      organotypic differentiation in athymic mice.

PMID- 3372810
TI  - Quantification and immunoglobulin classification of plasma cells in nonlactating
      bovine mammary tissue.
AB  - Plasma cell populations in bovine mammary tissue were examined during involution
      using electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. Biopsies were
      taken from each quarter of five Jersey cows at weekly intervals beginning at
      drying off through parturition. Ultrastructural examination of stromal plasma
      cells revealed rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae engorged with flocculent
      material, indicative of antibody synthesis. Plasma cells were observed proximal
      to alveolar epithelial cells. This association may facilitate transport of
      antibody through epithelium and into milk. Immunoglobulin-producing plasma cell
      numbers increased gradually from drying off, reached peak concentrations 2 wk
      prepartum, and dropped significantly during the last 2 wk of gestation. Plasma
      cells producing immunoglobulin G1 and G2 were the most numerous types observed
      during the nonlactating period followed by cells producing immunoglobulin M and
      immunoglobulin A. Plasma cells producing immunoglobulin were more numerous during
      the last 2 wk of gestation and in tissue infected with minor pathogens than in
      uninfected quarters. Exposure to minor pathogens may have enhanced sensitized B
      lymphocyte proliferation into antibody producing plasma cells through antigenic
      stimulation. Results of plasma cell distribution during the nonlactating period
      in bovine mammary tissue indicate times when local immunostimulation of B
      lymphocytes may be most effective in enhancing immunity to intramammary
      infection.

PMID- 3372811
TI  - Precision and sensitivity of a test for vegetable fat adulteration of milk fat.
AB  - A test for routine screening of Mozzarella cheese and butter for vegetable fat
      adulteration is described. Fat is extracted and saponified. The potassium salts
      of the fatty acids are measured through direct gas chromatographic analysis. A
      ratio, calculated from the concentrations of butyric and oleic acids, is used to
      evaluate the purity of a sample. The test offers good precision and can detect
      less than 10% partially hydrogenated vegetable fat.

PMID- 3372812
TI  - Determination of phylloquinone and menaquinone in human milk using high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic method for measuring vitamin K in human
      milk and cow milk is described. The K vitamins were extracted with n-pentane from
      enzymatic hydrolysate of milk, purified by semipreparative HPLC, and then
      analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC equipped with a dual electrochemical detector.
      The amount of phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 in human milk was 2.1 +/- .9 and
      1.3 +/- 1 microgram/L, respectively (n = 23). A small amount of menaquinone-6 was
      detected in both human and cow milk.

PMID- 3372813
TI  - Sodium and potassium content and viability of mouse mammary gland tissue and
      acini.
AB  - Isolated acini from lactating mouse mammary glands were prepared by collagenase
      and hyaluronidase digestion of tissue. Mammary tissue or acini incubated in vitro
      in tissue culture medium or a similar Ringer's solution lost K and gained Na.
      Intracellular concentrations approached, but did not equal, the concentrations in
      the external solution. This ion shift was largely prevented by incubating in a
      solution with ionic composition resembling mouse milk. In paired experiments,
      incubation with ouabain (1 mM) caused further increases in Na and decrease in K,
      suggesting that a functional Na+-K+-ATPase was present. Viability of acini was
      indicated by normal ATP content and morphology. The ion shift in NaCl-based
      solutions was slower at 0 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the
      flux is a membrane-regulated process. Under identical procedures, ion shifts did
      not occur in thymocytes or a cultured mammary cell line but were seen in both
      lactating and nonlactating mammary tissue. Nonlactating mammary tissue had a high
      Na and low K concentration in vivo. As predicted by previous models for the
      mechanisms of milk secretion, intracellular electrolyte content in mammary
      epithelial cells appears to be responsive to the ion concentration in the
      extracellular environment.

PMID- 3372814
TI  - Regulation of bovine adipose tissue metabolism during lactation. 4. Dose
      responsiveness to epinephrine as altered by stage of lactation.
AB  - Adaptations in adipose tissue lipolysis responsiveness to doses of epinephrine
      were determined in first lactation Holstein cows. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was
      biopsied at -30, -15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 d about first calving. Glycerol
      and fatty acid release from tissue triglycerides were determined in vitro in the
      presence of 10(-8) to 10(-4) M epinephrine. Basal lipolysis increased postpartum
      and remained elevated through 240 d of lactation. Glycerol release in response to
      graded doses of epinephrine increased from 30 d prepartum to 30 d postpartum and
      remained elevated through 240 d. The highest net response was reached at 120 d
      and was maintained to 240 d. Increases during lactation were noted in actual
      glycerol release, net response (stimulated minus basal activity), and maximum net
      response (calculated from reciprocal plots). Maximal and submaximal response of
      fatty acid release to epinephrine increased post partum with maximal adaptation
      occurring by 30 d and remaining elevated through 240 d. Maximum net response of
      glycerol release at 30 d was related positively (r = .73) to milk energy
      secretion and negatively to energy intake (r = -.57) and energy balance (r = 
      .79). Net maximum free fatty acid response at 120 d related positively (r = .89)
      to milk energy secretion and negatively (r = -.81) to energy balance. The
      epinephrine responsiveness of adipose tissue increases during lactation in a
      manner consistent with whole body energy inputs and outputs.

PMID- 3372815
TI  - Dietary alteration of particle breakdown and passage from the rumen in lactating
      dairy cattle.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of dietary alteration on the rates of ruminal small
      particle passage or large particle breakdown, six ruminally cannulated Holstein
      cows 90 d postpartum were used in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Experimental diets
      were 1) control: 60% concentrate, 40% corn silage; 2) bicarbonate: 60%
      concentrate (containing 2% sodium bicarbonate), 40% corn silage; and 3) hay: 60%
      concentrate, 30% corn silage, and 10% long alfalfa hay on a DM basis. Dry matter
      intake (kg/d), milk production (kg/d), percentage milk fat, rumination (min/d),
      ruminal fluid outflow (L/d), small particle (150 to 850 micron) passage rate
      (%h), and large particle (greater than 4.25 mm) breakdown rate for diets control,
      bicarbonate, and hay were 20.2, 20.9, 22.4; 26.6, 27.7, 26.8; 3.5, 3.6, 3.2; 405,
      350, 370; 167, 184, 185; 6.5, 7.6, 7.4; and 7.2, 6.8, 7.4, respectively. Rumen DM
      content and digesta particle size were reduced at the end of a 24-h feeding
      period. Data suggested that small particle passage may be more closely related to
      ruminal fluid outflow and DM intake than large particle breakdown rate.

PMID- 3372816
TI  - Site and extent of nutrient digestion in lactating dairy cows fed alfalfa protein
      concentrate or soybean meal.
AB  - In vivo and in situ trials were conducted to investigate the utilization of
      alfalfa protein concentrate as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows. In
      the in vivo trial, four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal
      cannulae were used in a crossover experiment to measure site and extent of
      nutrient digestion. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing alfalfa
      protein concentrate or soybean meal were fed four times daily. Sixty percent of
      dietary total N was provided by the test proteins. Ruminal ammonia and total VFA
      concentrations were lower in cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate. Fractional
      digestion coefficient of organic matter (52 vs. 43%) and degradation of dietary
      protein (57 vs. 47%) in the rumen were slightly lower in cows fed alfalfa protein
      concentrate. The ratio of amino acid flow to the small intestine to dietary
      intake of amino acid was higher in cows fed alfalfa protein concentrate. In the
      in situ trial, rate of N disappearance (2.4 vs. 9.5%.h-1) and potential protein
      degradability (35 vs. 68%) were lower for alfalfa protein concentrate. Results
      suggest that alfalfa protein concentrate may be more resistant to ruminal
      degradation than soybean meal and could be utilized as a relatively undegradable
      protein source for milk production.

PMID- 3372817
TI  - Influence of Jet-Sploding and extrusion on ruminal and intestinal disappearance
      of canola and soybeans.
AB  - In situ rumen degradation and intestinal digestibility of DM and CP of Jet
      Sploded and extruded protein sources were estimated, using two ruminally and
      duodenally cannulated lactating Holstein cows, in two experiments. One-gram
      samples of ground (1 mm) whole canola seed, canola meal, extruded canola meal,
      Jet-Sploded whole canola seed, Protec, soybean meal and extruded soybean meal
      (Experiment 1), and whole canola seed Jet-Sploded at temperatures ranging from
      116 to 177 degrees C (Experiment 2) were heat sealed into small nylon bags for
      incubation in the rumen and insertion into the duodenum. Extrusion had no effect
      on DM or CP disappearance in the rumen nor on effective degradability. Jet
      Sploding of whole canola seed dramatically reduced effective degradability (%) of
      DM (80.5 vs 35.9 at .08 h-1 rumen outflow rate) and CP (83.5 vs. 43.2 at .08 h
      1). Total tract disappearance of DM and CP exceeded 90% for all protein sources,
      except Protec and Jet-Sploded material. Jet-Sploding appears to have potential
      for decreasing ruminal degradation of canola protein or DM without markedly
      decreasing intestinal digestibility.

PMID- 3372818
TI  - Effects of limestone on starch digestion in Holstein steers.
AB  - Eight calcitic and three dolomitic limestones were examined for particle size and
      reactivity with hydrochloric acid at pH 3.5 and 5.5. Reactivity was higher in
      calcitic than dolomitic limestone. Within calcitic limestones, reactivity was
      highly related to particle size. A highly reactive limestone was selected for use
      in two digestion trials with Holstein steers. In Trial 1, 4 steers (approximately
      300 kg) were fed diets consisting of 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate (DM
      basis) with .62 or 2.34% limestone in a single reversal trial with 3-wk
      experimental periods. Added limestone affected only starch digestibility, which
      increased from 91.3 to 93.2%. Fecal pH increased from 5.7 to 6.4 by limestone
      addition. In trial 2, four rumen and duodenally cannulated steers (approximately
      475 kg) were fed the same diets in the same design. Limestone addition increased
      fecal pH from 5.7 to 6.5. There were no effects of limestone on rumen or total
      tract digestion of starch or other nutrients. Limestone addition had no effect on
      rumen pH, buffering capacity, or VFA concentrations. Addition of a highly
      reactive limestone to diets containing high amounts of starch had little effect
      on starch digestion in either the rumen or lower gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3372819
TI  - Chickpeas as a protein and energy supplement for high producing dairy cows.
AB  - Thirty lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three diets to
      evaluate chickpeas as dietary supplement from wk 4 to 16 postpartum. Diets
      contained chickpeas at 0, 50, and 100% of the concentrate DM in place of corn and
      soybean meal. Total mixed diets, fed individually, contained concentrate, corn
      silage, and alfalfa hay at 52, 32, and 16% of DM. Milk yield (34.5, 35.1, 35.7
      kg/d) was higher for cows fed 100% chickpeas than 0% chickpeas. Milk medium-chain
      (C12 to C16) fatty acids (53.8, 48.6, 45.5 g/100 g fat), milk long-chain (C18)
      fatty acids (29.4, 35.0, 38.8 g/100 g fat), and milk protein (3.20, 3.09, 2.96%)
      differed for all three diets. Ruminal acetate: propionate (2.0, 2.0, 2.4) was
      highest for cows fed 100% chickpeas. Total essential amino acid concentration in
      blood serum (105.3, 95.9, 89.4 mumol/dl) was higher for cows fed 0% chickpeas
      than 100% chickpeas. Lactational responses are discussed with respect to
      increased intake of fat, increased degradability of dietary protein, and
      decreased plasma essential amino acids.

PMID- 3372820
TI  - Age and Zebu-Holstein additive and heterotic effects on lactation performance and
      reproduction in Brazil.
AB  - Data of 6482 lactations from 14 crossbred (Holstein x Zebu) herds in Brazil were
      used to study breed additive and heterosis effects for first, second, third, and
      first to fifth lactation milk yields, age at first calving, calving interval, and
      milk yield divided by calving interval, as well as the effect of age at calving
      on milk yield. Holstein additive expressed as deviation from Zebu and heterosis
      effects were highly significant for all traits. For each percentage of Holstein
      gene contribution an increase of 10.02, 12.02, 12.51, and 12.15 kg of milk were
      expected for first, second, third, and first to fifth lactation yields,
      respectively. Corresponding heterosis effects on those traits were 3.80, 3.39,
      4.02, and 3.90 kg of milk for each percentage of heterozygosity. Replacement of
      pure Zebu genes by Holstein genes reduced age at first calving by 6 mo and
      shortened calving interval by 37 d. Holstein x Zebu heterotic effect decreased
      age at first calving by 2 mo and calving interval by 39 d. Holstein additive and
      heterosis effects for milk yield divided by calving interval were 3.4 and 1.3 kg
      of milk/d, respectively. Fitting breed additive and heterozygosity effects
      accounted for 99% of the genetic effects except for first to fifth lactation milk
      yield.

PMID- 3372822
TI  - Interactions of climatic factors affecting milk yield and composition.
AB  - Objectives were to evaluate effects of interactions of maximum temperature,
      minimum relative humidity, and solar radiation on milk yield and constituent
      traits. Effects of climate variables and their interactions were significant but
      small in most cases. Second order regression models were developed for several
      variables. Six were examined in detail: Holstein and Jersey milk yields, Holstein
      fat and Feulgen-DNA reflectance percent, and Jersey protein percent and yield.
      Maximum temperature had greatest influence on each response, followed by minimum
      relative humidity and solar radiation. Optimum conditions for milk production
      were at maximum temperatures below 19.4 degrees C, increasing solar radiation,
      and minimum relative humidity between 33.4 and 78.2% (cool sunny days, moderate
      humidity). Maximum Holstein fat percent of 3.5% was predicted for maximum
      temperatures below 30.8 degrees C, minimum relative humidity below 89%, and solar
      radiation below 109 Langleys; actual mean Holstein fat percent was 3.35%. Optimum
      climatic conditions for Jersey protein percent were at maximum temperature of
      10.6 degrees C with solar radiation at 300 Langleys and relative humidity at 16%
      (cool sunny days, low humidity). Because noteworthy interactions existed between
      climate effects, response surface methodology was suitable for determining
      optimum climatic conditions for milk production.

PMID- 3372821
TI  - Dry period heat stress relief effects on prepartum progesterone, calf birth
      weight, and milk production.
AB  - Effects of cooling high producing dairy cows during the dry period were examined
      in 84 pluriparous Israeli-Holstein cows. Cooling was by a combination of wetting
      and forced ventilation from 0600 to 1800 h until parturition and common
      management afterwards for both groups. Cooling maintained diurnal increase in
      rectal temperature within .2 degrees C as compared with .5 degrees C in control
      cows in warmer months, Mean rectal temperatures at 1400 h in control cows were
      moderate, within 39.2 degrees C. Cooling did not affect prepartum or postpartum
      body condition score or mean blood progesterone during the dry period. Results
      suggested a possible increase in blood progesterone in later pregnancy by cooling
      during hot weather. Cooling increased mean 150-d milk production by 3.6 kg/d (3.1
      kg FCM/d). Prepartum cooling negatively affected first lactation month yield in
      cows calving in early summer. Prepartum cooling might prevent adaptation to heat
      and impair subsequent postpartum performance. Prepartum progesterone was not
      related to milk yield. Calves' birth weight increased by cooling, but the effect
      was mostly in older cows. Birth weight was related to milk yield, independently
      of cooling effect, mostly in older cows. Cooling during the dry period might
      increase milk yield as it does during lactation. Results indicate possible
      benefit of cooling dry cows even under mild heat stress.

PMID- 3372823
TI  - Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on bovine mononuclear leukocyte proliferation
      and viability: modulation by phagocytic leukocytes.
AB  - In vitro effects of killed Staphylococcus aureus cells on bovine blood
      mononuclear leukocytes from uninfected cows or cows with chronic staphylococcal
      mastitis were assessed using a lymphocyte proliferation assay and a [51Cr]
      release cytotoxicity assay. Killed S. aureus cells cultured with mononuclear
      leukocytes caused a concentration-dependent decrease in lymphocyte proliferation
      that was associated with a concomitant decrease in mononuclear leukocyte
      viability. Responses of mononuclear leukocytes from uninfected and infected cows
      to killed S. aureus were similar, indicating effects were independent of the
      infection status of the animal. Addition of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes to
      blood mononuclear leukocyte cultures without S. aureus cells did not alter
      mononuclear leukocyte viability but suppressed lymphocyte proliferation at the
      highest polymorphonuclear leukocyte:mononuclear leukocyte ratios (4:1 and 8:1)
      tested. When S. aureus cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were cultured with
      mononuclear leukocytes, both blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      protected against the loss of viability compared with leukocytes cultured with S.
      aureus cells alone but did not consistently restore proliferative responses of
      the lymphocytes. These observations demonstrate that lymphocyte proliferation and
      mononuclear leukocyte viability are detrimentally affected by S. aureus cells, an
      effect that can be modulated by blood or milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 3372824
TI  - Ration digestibilities and ruminal characteristics in steers fed chickpeas.
AB  - Twenty-four Holstein steers were used in a 5-d digestion trial to evaluate
      chickpeas as a substitute for corn and soybean meal. Total mixed diets contained
      (dry basis) 51% concentrate mix, 33% corn silage, and 16% alfalfa hay.
      Concentrate mixes contained 0, 50, and 100% chickpeas in place of corn and
      soybean meal. Ad libitum intakes of DM were not different between diets.
      Digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and gross
      energy were not different among diets. Digestibilities of protein, fat, and ash
      were greater for steers fed 100% chickpeas than 0% chickpeas. Fecal N was lower
      and absorbed N was higher for steers fed 100% chickpeas. Ruminal acetate and
      acetate:propionate ratio were lower and ruminal propionate was higher for all
      steers fed diets containing chickpeas. Ruminal ammonia and pH were similar for
      all treatments.

PMID- 3372826
TI  - Eighty-third annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association. June 26
      29, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Abstracts.

PMID- 3372825
TI  - Climatic effects on occurrence of clinical mastitis.
AB  - Clinical mastitis records for 6.5 yr from a large north Florida dairy and
      corresponding daily weather data were analyzed. Monthly incidence of clinical
      mastitis was expressed as percent of cow-days in milk and graphed against monthly
      average daily maximum temperature humidity index values and monthly total
      rainfall. No trends were evident with rainfall. In 3 of 6 yr, monthly incidence
      of clinical mastitis increased more than 50% above annual incidence, and this
      followed high monthly temperature-humidity values. Least squares was used to
      estimate regression coefficients of temperature-humidity index categories based
      on 999,969 Holstein records. A temperature humidity index category represented
      the number of days used to calculate average daily maximum temperature-humidity
      index value. Sources of variation in observed occurrence of clinical mastitis
      were cow, parity, month, year, interaction of parity by month, and continuous
      effects of temperature-humidity index categories 2, 6, 15, 30, 60, each to third
      order and 60 by parity interaction. In all temperature-humidity index categories
      as the temperature-humidity index value increased, occurrence of clinical
      mastitis increased. When values rose from 55 to 80, twice as many for 2 d cows
      showed signs of clinical mastitis.

PMID- 3372827
TI  - Personality characteristics of children of alcoholics.

PMID- 3372828
TI  - Prevention of marital distress: a longitudinal investigation.

PMID- 3372829
TI  - IQ as a protective factor for subjects at high risk for antisocial behavior.

PMID- 3372830
TI  - Performance of male psychopaths following conditional release from prison.

PMID- 3372831
TI  - Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients: integration of
      psychological assessment data.

PMID- 3372832
TI  - Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for psychotherapy.

PMID- 3372833
TI  - An evaluation of parental problem-solving training in the behavioral treatment of
      childhood obesity.

PMID- 3372834
TI  - Changing time frames on symptom inventories: effects on the Psychiatric
      Epidemiology Research Interview.

PMID- 3372835
TI  - A naturalistic investigation of eating behavior in bulimia nervosa.

PMID- 3372836
TI  - Behavioral self-management controlled-drinking strategies in a context of
      secondary prevention.

PMID- 3372837
TI  - Associations among major psychiatric diagnoses.

PMID- 3372838
TI  - Comparability of the WAIS and the WAIS-R: a consideration of level of
      neuropsychological impairment.

PMID- 3372840
TI  - Factor-analytically derived scales for the Louisville Behavior Checklist.

PMID- 3372839
TI  - Abstinence from smoking and the social environment.

PMID- 3372841
TI  - Eating Attitudes Test and Eating Disorders Inventory: norms for adolescent girls
      and boys.

PMID- 3372842
TI  - Stump the experts: Bowen's disease of the penis.

PMID- 3372843
TI  - False-negative tumor-free margins following Mohs surgery.
AB  - The inability to identify a neoplasm upon examination of an initial Mohs
      histologic section is not uncommon. Although often the neoplasm has been enclosed
      within the layer or extirpated by a prior biopsy, there are instances when the
      negative marginal reading is incorrect. This report describes circumstances when
      the initial Mohs layer failed to show positive tumor margins in the face of
      residual in situ neoplasm.

PMID- 3372844
TI  - Carbon dioxide laser matricectomy.
AB  - We have performed a total of 13 matricectomies in 9 patients utilizing the carbon
      dioxide laser. To date, there have been no complications and minimal morbidity
      from this technique. With follow-up ranging from 8 to 24 months, no patient has
      experienced regrowth of nail at the treated site. In conclusion, we believe that
      carbon dioxide laser ablation is an effective technique for performing nail
      matricectomy.

PMID- 3372845
TI  - Polybutester suture.

PMID- 3372846
TI  - Razor blade surgery of large vessels on the nose.
AB  - Large vessels of the nose have been treated with razor blade shave technique in 5
      patients. A good cosmetic result has been achieved.

PMID- 3372847
TI  - Local flaps in facial plastic surgery.

PMID- 3372848
TI  - The sun and sunscreen protection: recommendations for children.

PMID- 3372849
TI  - Metastatic umbilical cancer--Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of metastatic umbilical carcinoma (Sister Mary Joseph's nodule) are
      reported. In one of the cases, the umbilical metastasis was the first sign of the
      disease, whereas in the other case, the patient had a 5-year history of internal
      malignancy when the umbilical nodule appeared. In both cases, the cutaneous
      metastasis was followed by death in a short period of time.

PMID- 3372851
TI  - A new tip for argon laser treatment of port-wine stain hemangiomas.

PMID- 3372850
TI  - pH buffering of local anesthetic solutions: marked reduction in pain with local
      infiltration of anesthetic solutions.

PMID- 3372852
TI  - The contribution of metabolism to pyrethroid and DDT resistance in the horn fly
      (Diptera: Muscidae).

PMID- 3372853
TI  - Relation among efficacy of insecticides, resistance levels, and sanitation in the
      control of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

PMID- 3372854
TI  - Selection for resistance to coumaphos in a strain of southern cattle tick (Acari:
      Ixodidae).

PMID- 3372855
TI  - The physiological age of female horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) emigrating from a
      natural population.

PMID- 3372856
TI  - Response of screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to changes in the concentration
      of blood, egg, and milk in the larval diet.

PMID- 3372857
TI  - Dermal wounds: leg ulcers.

PMID- 3372858
TI  - Sexuality and the homosexual person with a stoma.

PMID- 3372859
TI  - Meeting the psychosocial needs of the homosexual person with a stoma.

PMID- 3372860
TI  - Teaching ostomy care to the pediatric client: a development approach.

PMID- 3372861
TI  - Standards of nursing care--implications for the ET nurse.

PMID- 3372862
TI  - Current concepts in wound healing: research and theory.

PMID- 3372863
TI  - Sharp mechanical tuning in a cochlear model without negative damping.
AB  - It is possible for a cochlear model without active negative damping to exhibit a
      mechanical response peak that is arbitrarily high and arbitrarily wide.
      Conventional active models rely on external energy inputs to the cochlea to
      produce the required peak shape. The new model proposed here produces very
      similar response profiles by assuming that outer hair cell stereocilia stiffness
      suppresses the mechanical motion in all regions basal of the response peak.
      Therefore, the model is not active in the usual sense of adding energy to the
      cochlea. The model suggests a reason for the differing basilar membrane structure
      in the arcuate and pectinate zones and simulates in vivo and postmortem responses
      similar to those measured in the real cochlea.

PMID- 3372864
TI  - Rate-intensity functions and their modification by broadband noise for neurons in
      the guinea pig inferior colliculus.
AB  - Rate-intensity functions (RIFs) were generated in response to characteristic
      frequency (CF) tones presented alone and in the presence of broadband noise for
      neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC) of the
      anesthetized guinea pig. Seventy-six percent of the RIFs to CF tones were
      monotonic (some showing incomplete saturation), and 24% were nonmonotonic. The
      RIFs to continuous noise were more nonmonotonic than those to CF tones. In
      continuous or gated noise, the dynamic portion of the RIF to a tone was shifted
      to a higher tone level, with little change in the dynamic range. Above a
      threshold noise level, the shift was a linear function of noise level with slope
      0.97. Little shift occurred when the noise was inversely gated with respect to
      the tone burst, suggesting that the underlying mechanism is suppression rather
      than adaptation. For 63% of units, the maximum discharge rate to a tone in low
      levels (less than 0-dB spectrum level) of noise (including inversely gated) was
      greater than to the tone alone. Although many of the effects of noise in the IC
      reflect peripheral mechanisms, they are supplemented by centrally based processes
      which enhance the detectability of tone intensity increments in the presence of
      noise.

PMID- 3372865
TI  - Noise-induced hearing damage caused by metabolic exhaustion: a mathematical
      model.
AB  - A mathematical model for noise-induced hearing loss is based on the assumption
      that hair cells are damaged, temporarily or permanently, by metabolic exhaustion,
      and that the number of damaged hair cells and the hearing loss are monotonically
      increasing functions of an energy deficiency. The purpose of the model is to
      focus on the influence of sound intensity, exposure duration, and temporal
      pattern of the sound exposure on the noise-induced hearing loss from long
      duration exposures. The model is restricted to the range of sound levels where
      metabolic exhaustion probably is the main reason for the hair cell damage. Only
      exposures with similar frequency spectra and producing moderate hearing losses
      are considered; frequency dependence is not discussed.

PMID- 3372866
TI  - The effect of head-induced interaural time and level differences on speech
      intelligibility in noise.
AB  - A study was made of the effect of interaural time delay (ITD) and acoustic
      headshadow on binaural speech intelligibility in noise. A free-field condition
      was simulated by presenting recordings, made with a KEMAR manikin in an anechoic
      room, through earphones. Recordings were made of speech, reproduced in front of
      the manikin, and of noise, emanating from seven angles in the azimuthal plane,
      ranging from 0 degree (frontal) to 180 degrees in steps of 30 degrees. From this
      noise, two signals were derived, one containing only ITD, the other containing
      only interaural level differences (ILD) due to headshadow. Using this material,
      speech reception thresholds (SRT) for sentences in noise were determined for a
      group of normal-hearing subjects. Results show that (1) for noise azimuths
      between 30 degrees and 150 degrees, the gain due to ITD lies between 3.9 and 5.1
      dB, while the gain due to ILD ranges from 3.5 to 7.8 dB, and (2) ILD decreases
      the effectiveness of binaural unmasking due to ITD (on the average, the threshold
      shift drops from 4.6 to 2.6 dB). In a second experiment, also conducted with
      normal-hearing subjects, similar stimuli were used, but now presented monaurally
      or with an overall 20-dB attenuation in one channel, in order to simulate hearing
      loss. In addition, SRTs were determined for noise with fixed ITDs, for comparison
      with the results obtained with head-induced (frequency dependent) ITDs.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372867
TI  - Minimum audible movement angle as a function of signal frequency and the velocity
      of the source.
AB  - Thresholds for the detection of the direction of travel of a moving sound source
      were determined in a single-interval, forced-choice paradigm. Both the rate at
      which the sound source is displaced (8 degrees-128 degrees/s) and the frequency
      of the signal to be localized (500-3700 Hz) affect dynamic spatial resolution.
      There is an inverse relationship between spatial resolution and the rate of
      travel, a finding that replicates an earlier observation on performance with
      sources displaced at high velocities [Perrott and Musicant, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
      62, 1463-1466 (1977)]. However, the magnitude of this effect depends on the
      actual velocities employed. Relatively small changes in spatial resolution are
      apparent for velocities below approximately 32 degrees/s. The significant
      frequency effect can be summarized as follows: Dynamic spatial resolution is
      better for signals below 1000 Hz than for signals above this value (within the
      range tested). Particularly poor resolution is evident for signals between 1300
      2000 Hz. The present results indicate that signal frequency affects dynamic
      spatial resolution in a fashion similar to that which has been observed in the
      more common "static" localization test situation. There is no indication of an
      interaction between these two variables. These results provide additional support
      for the hypothesis that both static and dynamic spatial discrimination functions
      are dependent upon the same underlying mechanisms. The effects of velocity upon
      the spatial resolution problem, a unique aspect of the dynamic paradigm, can
      probably be explained without the necessity of additional hypothetical mechanisms
      in the auditory system (e.g., a specialized motion detector).

PMID- 3372868
TI  - The reliability of auditory thresholds in the 8- to 20-kHz range using a
      prototype audiometer.
AB  - This study was designed to evaluate both intra- and intertester reliability of
      auditory thresholds in the 8- to 20-kHz range using a recently developed high
      frequency audiometer [Stevens et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 470-484 (1987)].
      With this device, signals from a high-frequency transducer are introduced into
      the ear canal via a plastic tube. A calibration function is calculated for each
      ear and used to estimate the sound-pressure level (SPL) at the tympanic membrane.
      Twenty normal-hearing listeners were tested four times, twice by each of two
      examiners. In the higher frequencies, accurate calibration functions could not be
      obtained for many subjects; in these cases, values extrapolated from lower
      frequencies were used to estimate SPL. Findings reveal that the standard error of
      measurement for both intra- and intertester measures increases as a function of
      frequency. Intertester variability was only slightly higher than intratester
      variability. In most cases, variability of threshold estimates in dB SPL was
      higher than that observed for the uncorrected attenuator settings. Exclusion of
      extrapolated values improved reliability substantially.

PMID- 3372869
TI  - The physics of small-amplitude oscillation of the vocal folds.
AB  - A theory of vocal fold oscillation is developed on the basis of the body-cover
      hypothesis. The cover is represented by a distributed surface layer that can
      propagate a mucosal surface wave. Linearization of the surface-wave displacement
      and velocity, and further small-amplitude approximations, yields closed-form
      expressions for conditions of oscillation. The theory predicts that the lung
      pressure required to sustain oscillation, i.e., the oscillation threshold
      pressure, is reduced by reducing the mucosal wave velocity, by bringing the vocal
      folds closer together and by reducing the convergence angle in the glottis. The
      effect of vocal tract acoustic loading is included. It is shown that vocal tract
      inertance reduces the oscillation threshold pressure, whereas vocal tract
      resistance increases it. The treatment, which is applicable to falsetto and
      breathy voice, as well as onset or release of phonation in the absence of vocal
      fold collision, is harmonized with former treatments based on two-mass models and
      collapsible tubes.

PMID- 3372870
TI  - Auditory constraints on the perception of voice-onset time: the influence of
      lower tone frequency on judgments of tone-onset simultaneity.
AB  - The experiments reported employed nonspeech analogs of speech stimuli to examine
      the perceptual interaction between first-formant onset frequency and voice-onset
      time, acoustic cues to the voicing distinction in English initial stop
      consonants. The nonspeech stimuli comprised two pure tones varying in relative
      onset time, and listeners were asked to judge the simultaneity of tone onsets.
      These judgments were affected by the frequency of the lower tone in a manner that
      parallels the influence of first-formant onset frequency on voicing judgments.
      This effect was shown to occur regardless of prior learning and to be systematic
      over a wide range of lower tone frequencies including frequencies beyond the
      range of possible first-formant frequencies of speech, suggesting that the effect
      in speech is not attributable to (tacit) knowledge of production constraints, as
      some current theories suggest.

PMID- 3372871
TI  - Stimulus factors influencing the identification of voiced stop consonants by
      normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults.
AB  - The effects of mild-to-moderate hearing impairment on the perceptual importance
      of three acoustic correlates of stop consonant place of articulation were
      examined. Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults identified a stimulus set
      comprising all possible combinations of the levels of three factors: formant
      transition type (three levels), spectral tilt type (three levels), and abruptness
      of frequency change (two levels). The levels of these factors correspond to those
      appropriate for /b/, /d/, and /g/ in the /ae/ environment. Normal-hearing
      subjects responded primarily in accord with the place of articulation specified
      by the formant transitions. Hearing-impaired subjects showed less-than-normal
      reliance on formant transitions and greater-than-normal reliance on spectral tilt
      and abruptness of frequency change. These results suggest that hearing impairment
      affects the perceptual importance of cues to stop consonant identity, increasing
      the importance of information provided by both temporal characteristics and gross
      spectral shape and decreasing the importance of information provided by the
      formant transitions.

PMID- 3372872
TI  - Learning the hidden structure of speech.
AB  - In the work described here, the backpropagation neural network learning procedure
      is applied to the analysis and recognition of speech. This procedure takes a set
      of input/output pattern pairs and attempts to learn their functional
      relationship; it develops the necessary representational features during the
      course of learning. A series of computer simulation studies was carried out to
      assess the ability of these networks to accurately label sounds, to learn to
      recognize sounds without labels, and to learn feature representations of
      continuous speech. These studies demonstrated that the networks can learn to
      label presegmented test tokens with accuracies of up to 95%. Networks trained on
      segmented sounds using a strategy that requires no external labels were able to
      recognize and delineate sounds in continuous speech. These networks developed
      rich internal representations that included units which corresponded to such
      traditional distinctions as vowels and consonants, as well as units that were
      sensitive to novel and nonstandard features. Networks trained on a large corpus
      of unsegmented, continuous speech without labels also developed interesting
      feature representations, which may be useful in both segmentation and label
      learning. The results of these studies, while preliminary, demonstrate that
      backpropagation learning can be used with complex, natural data to identify a
      feature structure that can serve as the basis for both analysis and nontrivial
      pattern recognition.

PMID- 3372873
TI  - Application of 30-MHz acoustic scattering to the study of human red blood cells.
AB  - A technique for simultaneously measuring the scattering amplitude of individual
      particles at two angles is applied to human red blood cells. Using a Rayleigh
      scattering model, the density and compressibility of the cells may be determined
      given a priori knowledge of their volume. A calibration method relying on
      measurements of the bulk properties of particle suspensions is described. Red
      cell properties in hypotonic and hypertonic hosts are compared with a homogeneous
      mixture model, and a linear relation between hemoglobin content and scattering
      amplitude at a 90 deg scattering angle is established.

PMID- 3372874
TI  - Absence of overshoot in a dichotic masking condition.
AB  - Brief tonal signals presented soon after the onset of a masking noise are known
      to be less detectable than signals delayed by several hundred milliseconds. This
      difference in detectability is known as the "overshoot." Signals of two sorts
      were studied here--either interaurally in phase (S o) or interaurally out of
      phase by 180 degrees (S pi). When S omicron signals of 750 Hz and about 14 ms in
      duration were presented 4 ms after the onset of a diotic, broadband masking noise
      (N o), detectability was about 6 dB worse than when the signal was presented 325
      ms after onset. By contrast, there was no such overshoot when S pi signals were
      presented at varying times after masker onset; detectability was about the same
      for all values of signal delay. Accordingly, the difference in performance
      between N o S o and N o S pi--the masking-level difference or MLD--was large
      (about 16 dB) with the shortest delays used and diminished (to about 9 dB) as the
      delay was increased. This absence of overshoot with the S pi signals is in accord
      with the well-established view that detectability in the dichotic masking
      conditions is based upon different stimulus information from that used in the
      diotic masking conditions. Specifically, the evidence confirms the common view
      that detectability in the diotic conditions is based more or less directly on
      neural firing rate, whereas, in the dichotic conditions, it is based upon
      interaural time differences encoded in the periodicity of neural firings.

PMID- 3372875
TI  - Earphones in audiometry. Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics.
      Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. National Research
      Council Working Group.
AB  - The advantages and disadvantages of three types of earphones for audiometric
      testing are discussed. Supraaural earphones continue to be recommended for this
      purpose, in preference to circumaural and insert types.

PMID- 3372877
TI  - Health promotion in the family: current findings and directives for nursing
      research.
AB  - This paper reviews the current nursing research findings on health promotion
      within the family and provides directives for future research. The concept of
      health promotion-the overall enhancement of well being--is contrasted with
      primary or disease prevention, the specific protection from a health threat. The
      conceptual parameters of health promotion were used to search the nursing
      research journals for studies of health promotion in the family. The four major
      nursing research journals were reviewed and yielded five articles in 105 issues
      which addressed this phenomenon. The findings from these studies as well as other
      research literature are used to develop future directives. The directives are
      presented for both the internal environment of the family and its external
      environment. Areas for study related to the internal environment include
      definitions of health and health promotion, descriptions of current health
      promotion behaviours and those practised over time, decision making, fathering,
      and methods of intervention. Research of the external environment includes the
      societal norms, societal interventions, and the effects of societal institutions.
      This discussion of health promotion in the family describes an agenda for nursing
      research which is necessary to support nursing practice with families if 'health
      for all' is to be reached by the year 2000.

PMID- 3372876
TI  - Obtaining acoustic similarity measures from animals: a method for species
      comparisons.
AB  - An efficient procedure has been developed for obtaining similarity measures for
      complex acoustic signals in small birds. Birds were trained using operant
      conditioning procedures to detect changes in the repeating background of an
      ongoing sound. Response latencies for detection were used to construct similarity
      matrices. Multidimensional scaling procedures were then used to produce spatial
      maps of these complex sounds reflecting perceptual organization. An example using
      contact calls from two avian species is described.

PMID- 3372878
TI  - Towards a personal control/uncontrol balance.
AB  - Patterns of personal control are predominant in Western culture, including the
      health care arena. A personal control theme is evident in the language of health
      care, the prevalent diseases, and the intervention strategies. However,
      facilitating a balanced pattern of personal control and personal uncontrol in
      interaction with the environment is most consistent with nursing theory and
      practice. In this paper, personal control and personal uncontrol nursing
      interventions are identified and analysed. Either set of interventions may
      enhance the health of the person, depending upon the control/uncontrol needs of
      the person.

PMID- 3372879
TI  - Ward sisters' management styles and their effects on nurses' perceptions of
      quality of care.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine if a ward sister's management style
      influenced the quality of care received by patients on the ward. The management
      styles of sisters on 16 oncology wards at the Royal Marsden Hospital were
      assessed by structured interviews with staff members from each ward. Management
      styles were classified as high, medium or low on three dimensions, namely socio
      emotional orientation, task orientation and pattern of decision making. The
      quality of patient care was determined by asking all grades of clinical nursing
      staff to complete a questionnaire. A score for each nurse's perception of the
      quality of care given on her ward was thus obtained. Correlation of management
      style and nurse's perception of quality of care indicated that the management
      style prevalent on a ward influenced the quality of care carried out there. Other
      factors that influence both management style and quality of care were identified.
      Suggestions for improving the quality of care given on a ward are thus
      identified.

PMID- 3372880
TI  - An inquiry into the attitudes of qualified nursing staff towards the use of
      individualized nursing care plans as a teaching tool.
AB  - This paper summarizes a research study inquiring into the attitudes of qualified
      nursing staff towards the use of individualized nursing care plans as a teaching
      tool. The survey was conducted in medical and surgical wards used for nurse
      training, in two hospitals. In common with many hospitals, the introduction of
      the nursing process into the surgical wards is of more recent origin than the
      medical areas, so would this be reflected in the attitudes of staff? Results
      indicated an overall positive attitude of all staff, although significant
      differences were identified between the grades of staff participating in the
      study and between the two hospitals. There was no significant difference shown in
      the comparison of all surgical staff with all medical staff, but the ward sister
      demonstrated a more positive attitude than staff nurses or enrolled nurses. The
      length of time care plans had been in use and whether the Open University
      Programme P553 had been completed, were taken into consideration. Analysis of the
      individual statements which clustered around the same theme is discussed.
      Possible factors affecting the attitudes identified are suggested and
      recommendations which include ongoing educational support, in particular for the
      enrolled nurse, and exploration of the 'role model' function of the ward sister
      made. Finally, the method of study is critically examined.

PMID- 3372881
TI  - The process of parenting a child with a disability: normalization through
      accommodations.
AB  - Professionals commonly advise parents of disabled children to raise their
      children as they would children who were not disabled. The purpose of this study
      was to describe the management styles used by the parents of 15 children and
      adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta. In particular, the behavioural
      strategies related to providing a normalized existence for the child and the
      family are discussed. Sources of threats, validation, and support for the process
      are also described. The convenience sample of parents was selected from the
      appointment calendar of a specialty clinic in a midwestern philanthropic,
      paediatric-orthopaedic referral hospital. Qualitative interview data were
      gathered using a semi-structured guide. During interviews parents described
      behavioural strategies they used to normalize their child's and family life. Data
      were analysed using a previously developed framework of normalization. This work
      of normalization was described as a constant process of active accommodation to
      the changing physical and emotional needs of the child or adolescent. It was
      initiated out of practical necessity at birth as a conscious solution to problems
      with activities of daily living, relating to the child, and engaging in family
      activities. Certain events constituted 'threats' to normalization and served as
      an impetus for parents to alter behavioural strategies. Implications for clinical
      practice and research are explicated.

PMID- 3372883
TI  - For better, for worse: nursing in higher education.
AB  - In this paper the recently proposed developments in nursing education within the
      United Kingdom are discussed within a historical context. Since a number of
      nursing departments already exist within the higher education sector (comprising
      universities, polytechnics and colleges of technology), it is suggested that use
      should be made of the experience already gained by nurses working within higher
      education. The pros and cons of nurse education being provided in or associated
      with higher education are discussed. Theoretical perspectives from change theory
      are applied. The importance of educating the practitioner for a holistic and
      community-based role is stressed.

PMID- 3372882
TI  - Tedium among patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Tedium assessment and factor analysis of psychosocial variables were performed in
      158 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. High tedium scores correlated
      significantly (P less than 0.05) with high education, lack of self-monitoring,
      many reported problems concerning insulin injections, diet, strict planning of
      the activities of everyday life and anxiety concerning complications. There was
      also a significant relationship between low tedium scores and reported positive
      effects of the diabetes. There was a higher proportion (ns) of high tedium scores
      among patients in poor or good metabolic control than in those with intermediate
      metabolic control.

PMID- 3372884
TI  - Patterns of evaluations of accents amongst health visitor students.
AB  - The rationale for a research-orientated approach to health visiting is discussed
      and the application of research material adapted from the behavioural sciences to
      the study of health visiting practice is considered. A study using the 'matched
      guise' technique was conducted to determine health visitor student attitudes to
      accent. The sample consisted of 72 female students from three colleges in the
      south east of England. Each set of students was randomly divided into a control
      and variable group. An actor read the stimulus material in four different guises:
      south east educated accent, Birmingham, Yorkshire and Asian accented English. The
      control group heard the prestige south east educated accent and the second group
      heard one of three other accents which acted as the variable. The subjects were
      then asked to rate the speaker's personality on 17 bipolar scales of personality
      traits. Significant results were obtained on the personality ratings, but this
      pattern did not reflect previous research findings. Overall subject scores showed
      that the speaker was rated as favourably when using the Birmingham, Yorkshire and
      south east accented English, but significantly less favourably when using the
      Asian accented English. The possible reasons for these results and the
      implications for health visiting are discussed.

PMID- 3372885
TI  - Using the OSCE to measure clinical skills performance in nursing.
AB  - The measurement of clinical skills performance continues to pose a challenge for
      nurse educators. This paper will report on the use of the objective structured
      clinical examination (OSCE) to measure the psychomotor learning outcomes of a
      programme designed to assist students to learn to conduct a nursing neurological
      examination. The OSCE has a tradition in medicine, having been developed by
      Ronald Harden in Scotland and first reported in the British Medical Journal in
      1975. The University of Ottawa has the longest North American experience with
      this type of evaluation procedure and there is an increasingly rich medical
      literature referring to the OSCE. Although the OSCE appears to be a promising
      method for evaluating competence in the performance of clinical skills, there are
      no studies in the nursing literature examining the use of the OSCE as a method
      for evaluating the performance of clinical skills by nurses. Our experience
      suggests that the OSCE may be a powerful tool in the evaluation of clinical
      competence in nursing and that it may also be an effective facilitator for
      learning to perform clinical skills in nursing.

PMID- 3372886
TI  - The effect of training on knowledge and opinion about smoking amongst nurses and
      student teachers.
AB  - At their entry to training, student teachers and nurses (pupils, general students
      and paediatric students) completed a questionnaire and were interviewed about
      their knowledge and opinion of smoking as a health hazard. This was repeated a
      year later. The nurses and student teachers did not differ in their knowledge of
      eight smoking-related diseases at their entry to training, but the nurses were
      less willing to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health problem. This
      was in part related to differences in their smoking behaviour, smokers being less
      likely to perceive smoking as a hazard than non-smokers. Smokers were also more
      likely to express doubts about the role of smoking in illness. In general at
      entry the pupil nurses were the least likely to accept that smoking is harmful to
      health. After a year of training little change was evident among the student
      teachers. Among the nurses knowledge had improved for some conditions and
      decreased for others. Improved knowledge was most evident among the general
      students but scores declined consistently among the pupils. The uptake of
      knowledge was also related to the nurses' smoking behaviour, non-smokers tending
      to become better informed and smokers less certain. In general, the nurses had
      also become less likely to acknowledge the importance of smoking as a health
      issue, and again, this was most marked among the pupils. Smoking behaviour did
      not account for these changes. The nurses applied their training experience to
      their views, the effect usually being to confirm existing ideas. Not all
      experience had a positive impact and training had not enhanced understanding of
      the causal relationship between smoking and illness. One explanation could lie in
      the way the subject of smoking is dealt with during teaching.

PMID- 3372887
TI  - A study to evaluate the intervention of a nurse visiting patients with disabling
      chest disease in the community.
AB  - This paper describes the work of two nurses visiting patients with chronic
      respiratory disease at home. The outcome measures suggested that there were fewer
      deaths in the nurses' group but failed to show any changes in quality of life.
      The nurses chose the nursing model devised by Roper et al. as a framework for
      their intervention. Initial assessment by the nurses showed the patients had a
      number of problems which could be grouped into physical health, knowledge,
      psychosocial and social. The nurses' monthly visits were used to assist the
      patients to plan strategies for resolving their problems. Advice was directed at
      helping patients promote and control their own health and measurable goals were
      set. Most of the patients achieved the goals set, valued the visits and said they
      wished them to continue. Psychosocial problems proved most difficult to solve.
      Patients' knowledge was demonstrated to have increased. A nursing audit found the
      patients had received 'excellent' quality of care. The nursing method used in
      this study would be appropriate for such work as it focuses attention on the
      individual patient and his problems. Application of this approach will require
      education and support for nurses.

PMID- 3372888
TI  - New measures for the formative and summative evaluation of a post-basic
      psychiatric nursing education course.
AB  - The case for the formative and summative evaluation of training courses is
      presented prior to focusing upon the development of two new measures designed to
      gauge the effectiveness of a short course of training. Results derived from these
      two measures are presented from two successive English National Board 953 courses
      ('Developments in Psychiatric Nursing'). The findings indicated that our measures
      were reliable and valid indices of learning and so could facilitate formative
      evaluation. However, in terms of summative evaluation the post-course scores were
      low and so the case for a revised course was presented. Implications were drawn
      for the routine evaluation of post-qualification courses.

PMID- 3372889
TI  - Use of implicit criteria in evaluation of mental nurses.
AB  - This paper describes the development of an instrument based on implicit criteria
      currently used by mental nurses in deciding whether a nurse is a good or a poor
      mental nurse. Existing implicit means of assessing mental nurses in the form of
      ward reports have been found to be inadequate. The study consisted of two stages:
      firstly, the production of a preliminary questionnaire using statements
      describing good and poor mental nurses obtained by interviewing mental nurses;
      secondly, the production of an assessment instrument, the Mental Illness Nurses'
      Evaluation Test, derived from the results of factor analysing responses of mental
      nurses to the preliminary questionnaire. The criteria used to evaluate mental
      nurses that emerged in order of importance were benevolence-malevolence to other
      nurses, amiable-irascible, regard-disregard for patients, confident-uncertain,
      directive-non-directive and professional-unprofessional. The study exposes
      current values used in judging mental nurses and constitutes a first important
      step in developing a valid and reliable instrument in assessing mental nurses in
      terms of their prescribed role.

PMID- 3372890
TI  - Manic depressive psychosis: an alternative therapeutic model of nursing.
AB  - Traditionally, the approach to affective disorders has focused upon the
      biophysical aetiology of the disorder. Given that a significant proportion of the
      so called 'recovered' manic depressive population experience a relapse, the
      adequacy of traditional treatment methods is questionable. The nursing literature
      represents the view that manic depressive patients have little, if any, control
      over their condition and the nursing management, therefore, is predominantly
      custodial, supportive and directive in character. Recent research suggests that
      life events, in particular the patient's perception and interpretation of such
      events, are potentially significant in the development of manic depressive
      symptomatology. This paper reports some aspects of an on-going nursing research
      project which is evaluating the efficacy of a multi-model nursing management
      package. The therapeutic model of nursing under study is briefly discussed and
      results of locus of control measurements are presented, which compare a random
      sample of recovered manic depressive women with existing norms. A description is
      also given of an attribution schedule developed by the authors for the research
      project. This schedule attempts to specifically assess the patient's attitudes
      towards her control of her illness.

PMID- 3372891
TI  - Action process of nurse administrators to problematic situations based on
      Orlando's theory.
AB  - This study used Orlando's theory to investigate the action process of nurse
      administrators to realistic hypothetical situations presented to them by their
      staff. Ninety subjects recorded their thoughts, feelings and actions in response
      to six problematic situations. Findings indicated the administrators' first
      thought was seldom about their staff's reaction to the situation. Most
      experienced negative feelings about the staff member or about other people
      associated with the situation which were not expressed. The majority of
      administrators would handle the situation alone or tell the nurse what to do;
      less than half would ask their staff a question. The conclusion was that subjects
      did not consider situations as problematic.

PMID- 3372892
TI  - Higher education in nursing.

PMID- 3372893
TI  - Easing the transition to the maternal role.
AB  - This study was conducted to determine if a nursing intervention designed to teach
      primiparas about their infants' behaviours and abilities would ease their
      transition to the maternal role. Data were collected at 3 days and 3 weeks
      postpartum from a relatively homogeneous sample of 16 control mothers and 15
      experimental mothers. The intervention was presented to each experimental
      participant on the third postpartum day. Effectiveness of the intervention was
      determined by measuring maternal anxiety, using the State-Trait Anxiety
      Inventory, and concern about infant care and adjustment to the maternal life
      style, using the Postnatal Research Inventory revised by Ellis and Hewat.
      Additional data were also collected from hospital records, a demographic
      questionnaire, and an informal interview conducted at 3 weeks postpartum.
      Although the outcome measures demonstrated no statistically significant
      differences, the conclusions support the need for a predictive framework which
      would help nurses identify mothers who may have difficulty during the transition
      to the maternal role.

PMID- 3372894
TI  - International nursing research in social support: theoretical and methodological
      issues.
AB  - Social support has been widely studied within cultures as a variable that is
      protective of health and mental health, either directly or as a buffer against
      life stress. When research is conducted across cultures, several conceptual and
      methodological issues emerge. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the
      conceptual basis for assuming that social support is a universal phenomenon, to
      suggest areas in which manifestations of social support may be culture-specific,
      and to present methodological issues that need to be addressed in conducting
      valid international research on social support.

PMID- 3372895
TI  - Assessing community health needs of elderly populations: comparison of three
      strategies.
AB  - Three research strategies for assessing the community health needs of the elderly
      population of an urban neighbourhood are described. Two primary research
      strategies, survey and ethnography, are contrasted with the types of health
      related information available from the Census of Population and Housing.
      Different types of data emerged from each research strategy with census and
      survey data providing a global portrait of the community, and ethnographic data
      yielding more detail about the place of health in the lived experience of older
      residents.

PMID- 3372896
TI  - Patient teaching or patient counselling?
AB  - Careless or confused use of terms such as information giving, teaching and
      counselling may lead to inadequate understanding and practice. In view of the
      progress made in this area, designed to help patients cope with illness and
      treatment, this paper aims to clarify and identify similarities and differences
      between these activities and discuss their relevance for those in most need of
      these types of care. Having recognised the complexity and persistence of such
      needs, patients, their relatives and nurses should perhaps decide their
      respective roles and work towards improving the quality of and opportunities for
      such interventions.

PMID- 3372897
TI  - Support of wives of myocardial infarction patients.
AB  - Seventy-six wives of patients suffering a first myocardial infarction were
      studied by questionnaire 6 weeks after their husbands went home. Despite the
      routine provision of support and information to spouses during their husband's
      stay in hospital, a high proportion reported physical and emotional symptoms of
      stress. The majority of wives felt they were poorly informed about myocardial
      infarction, had not had enough opportunity to ask the experts questions, and had
      received most support from relatives. The reasons for these findings are
      discussed and suggestions for early and systematic nursing intervention are made
      in an attempt to reduce stress and prevent the development of unhealthy patterns
      of behaviour.

PMID- 3372898
TI  - Developing a sensation information message for femoral arteriography.
AB  - Sensation information is proposed as a way of decreasing the patient's distress
      during a threatening health care event. A first step in developing a sensation
      information message is to determine the content of the message. This study, using
      a systematic theory-based methodology, was conducted to describe and validate the
      common physical sensations experienced by patients undergoing the diagnostic
      procedure of femoral arteriography. (A conceptual framework based on how an
      individual perceives or senses a situation was used.) A three-stage survey design
      was used including: (1) tool development following observation of the procedure
      and pilot-testing of the interview schedule, (2) interview of patients who had
      undergone femoral arteriography about the sensations experienced during the
      procedure, and (3) validation of the responses. Twenty-one steps in the femoral
      arteriography procedure of which patients were aware were identified. Nine
      'feeling' sensations commonly experienced during the procedure and the sights and
      sounds associated with the procedure were determined. The sequencing and duration
      of procedure steps were observed and the environment in which the procedure was
      performed was described.

PMID- 3372899
TI  - Nurses and shift work: effects on job performance and job-related stress.
AB  - The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of day, afternoon,
      night and rotating shift schedules on the job performance and job-related stress
      of nurses. Registered nurses from five hospitals (n = 463) were surveyed using a
      structured questionnaire which measured both job performance and job-related
      stress. Analysis of data indicated that both the nurses' job performance and
      their job-related stress were related to the type of shift they worked. Overall
      job performance was highest for the nurses on the day shift, followed by the
      night, afternoon, and rotating shifts. Rotating shift nurses experienced the most
      job-related stress, followed in turn by the afternoon, day, and night shift
      nurses. The findings are interpreted within a conceptual framework which examines
      the social organization of work in the hospital by shift and the effects of shift
      work on biological rhythm synchronization.

PMID- 3372900
TI  - Reporting therapeutic discourse in a therapeutic community.
AB  - Research in nurses' communications has concentrated on nurse to patient
      interactions. Those few studies which focus on nurse to nurse communications seem
      to be generated by a pragmatic and normative concern with effective information
      sharing. In this paper, which describes one aspect of a larger case study of a
      hospital-based therapeutic community, the description and analysis of nurses'
      reports flows not from a normative model of professional practice, but rather an
      exploration of how professional practice is articulated as discourse in nurses'
      written accounts. Foucault's ideas about therapeutic discourse inform the
      theoretical framework of the research. Ethnomethodological concerns with the
      importance of documentary analysis provide the methodological rationale for
      examining nurses' 24-hour report documents, as official discourse, reflecting
      therapeutic practice in this setting. A content analysis of nurses' reports,
      collected over a period of 4 months, demonstrated the importance of domesticity
      and ordinary everyday activities in nurses' accounts of hospital life. Disruption
      to the 'life as usual' domesticity in the community seemed to be associated with
      admission to and discharge from the hospital when interpersonal and interactional
      changes between patients occur. It is suggested that nurses in general hospital
      wards and more orthodox psychiatric settings might usefully consider the impact
      of admissions and discharges on the group of patients they manage, and make this
      a discursive focus of their work.

PMID- 3372901
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist: from the outside looking in.
AB  - This paper considers the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) as portrayed
      in the literature. The historical development of the role is highlighted,
      rationale for preparation at an advanced level presented and controversy
      regarding placement of the CNS in a line or staff position outlined. Also
      discussed are the five commonly accepted sub-roles of the CNS (practitioner,
      educator, consultant, researcher and change agent) as well as a new role (staff
      advocate) which can be seen to be emerging in the literature. The author presents
      some of her observations of the role of the CNS at a large urban teaching
      hospital and concludes that congruence between the ideal role portrayed in the
      literature and the actual practice of the role is possible.

PMID- 3372903
TI  - Graduates in nursing: a report of a longitudinal study at the University of Hull.
AB  - A longitudinal study of the career paths of graduates in nursing from the
      University of Hull is in progress. The study uses a postal questionnaire, which
      is sent annually to each graduate. Data on the total sample of 99 graduates
      between 1981 and 1986 are summarized and discussed. All the graduates have
      registered as general nurses; 96% entered nursing practice. They tend to
      consolidate general nursing experience in hospital before obtaining further
      nursing qualifications and/or specializing. Over a period of some 4 years, a
      gradual shift away from hospital nursing to the community (especially health
      visiting), research and innovative health care posts can be observed. The
      findings of the Hull study confirm earlier findings from the Universities of
      Manchester, Edinburgh and Surrey that graduate nurses do enter and stay in
      nursing, that they seek further academic and nursing qualifications and that
      there is a shift towards work in the community.

PMID- 3372904
TI  - A common front against AIDS and tobacco.

PMID- 3372905
TI  - Health visitor to study AIDS in San Francisco.

PMID- 3372902
TI  - A follow-up of the graduates of the Cardiff Bachelor of Nursing degree course.
AB  - This paper considers the career patterns of the graduates of the University of
      Wales College of Medicine Bachelor of Nursing course. The 4-year course commenced
      in 1972 and has now seen 11 years of graduates. A longitudinal questionnaire
      survey has been administered annually to graduates of the course to ascertain
      information relating to the posts held and qualifications gained by graduates,
      which is the focus of this paper. The questionnaire also elicits graduates'
      perceptions of the value of aspects of the degree course to posts held, and the
      reaction of colleagues to the fact that they are nurse graduates. The results of
      the follow-up are presented to show the posts held by graduates at four time
      intervals; 6 months, 2 years and 5 years following graduation, and all graduates
      at the 1986 follow-up. The numbers of those who have obtained various post
      registration qualifications are also presented. The findings support those of
      other follow-up studies of nurse graduates and diplomats. The graduates largely
      entered nursing or related posts, with the majority remaining in clinical-based
      posts as opposed to teaching and administration. The findings lead to further
      questions regarding the role and function of the nursing graduate. Further study
      is currently in progress to compare various elements of the practice style of
      Bachelor of Nursing graduates with non-graduate nurses.

PMID- 3372906
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity of healthy adult Nova Scotians in various age groups
      compared with nursing home and hospitalized senior citizens.
AB  - We used the Multitest CMI to define the delayed-type hypersensitivity response
      (DTH) of 149 healthy adult Nova Scotians (49 male and 100 female subjects,
      ranging in age from 25 to 82 years) and to define and compare the response of the
      healthy senior citizens (66 to 82 years old) with 79 self-sufficient senior
      citizens in a nursing home, 25 senior citizens in a nursing home but not self
      sufficient, and 15 senior citizens hospitalized in an acute care hospital. The
      DTH response decreased with increasing age and with increasing dependency in a
      nursing home. Thus, 1.5%, 9.5%, 17.9%, 41.8%, 60%, and 40%, respectively, of the
      subjects in the groups listed above were anergic. For the healthy subjects, age
      and sex were significant factors in predicting a positive response to the skin
      test antigens. Use of a logistic model revealed that for male subjects, the
      probability of a positive response was Ln (p/1 - p) = 1.72 - 0.038 (age), whereas
      for female subjects, it was Ln (p/1 - p) 0.59 - 0.0213 (age). When this model was
      applied to the responses of senior citizens, those living at home had a
      significantly greater response than did those in nursing homes. Furthermore,
      those self-sufficient while they were living in a nursing home had a
      significantly greater response than those who were not self-sufficient.

PMID- 3372907
TI  - Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis with concurrent allergic bronchopulmonary
      Aspergillus: report of a case.
AB  - A 42-year-old female patient with previously diagnosed seasonal allergic
      rhinitis, anaphylactic food sensitivity, and exertional asthma is described who
      developed concomitant allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and allergic
      aspergillus sinusitis. We believe that the present article is the first fully
      documented case in which these two syndromes coexist in the same patient.

PMID- 3372908
TI  - IgE-mediated sensitivity to Trichophyton rubrum in a patient with chronic
      dermatophytosis and Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - Persistent Trichophyton rubrum infection has been observed previously in
      association with Cushing's syndrome. In this article, we demonstrate IgE-mediated
      sensitivity to Trichophyton in a patient with chronic dermatophytosis secondary
      to Cushing's syndrome. Cell-mediated immunity was absent, but Trichophyton
      extract produced an immediate skin response and also stimulated a concentration
      dependent histamine release from basophils of the patient. After adrenalectomy,
      cell-mediated immunity to Trichophyton was restored, and infection was confined
      to the nails. Skin and leukocyte sensitivity to Trichophyton extract persisted
      and was even more pronounced than the sensitivity before adrenalectomy. RAST
      measurement confirmed the presence of Trichophyton-specific IgE after
      adrenalectomy. These results provide further evidence that IgE-mediated
      inflammatory events may be initiated by Trichophyton infection.

PMID- 3372910
TI  - A bronchodilator action of glucagon.
AB  - We evaluated the effect of glucagon on eight patients with asthma. After
      withholding bronchodilators for 12 hours, patients received either 2 units of
      intravenous glucagon or 2 ml of saline after a double-blind crossover protocol.
      Glucagon significantly improved the FEV1 (17.5% +/- 5.5 SEM) and the peak
      expiratory flow rate (14.2% +/- 4.9), compared to placebo (-2.4% +/- 2.9, p less
      than 0.02; 4.5% +/- 4.1, p less than 0.25, respectively). Seven patients had an
      excellent response to glucagon (40% to 105% of the response to inhaled
      isoproterenol), but four patients had no significant response. We conclude that
      glucagon, through its pharmacologic actions, can have a bronchodilator effect in
      selected patients with asthma.

PMID- 3372909
TI  - Effect of gallopamil, a calcium channel blocker, on carbachol- and histamine
      induced bronchoconstriction in sheep.
AB  - We compared the in vivo effectiveness of the calcium channel blockers, gallopamil
      and verapamil, in inhibiting carbachol- and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction
      in conscious sheep. In 13 sheep, specific lung resistance (SRL) was measured
      before and after aerosol challenge with histamine (50 breaths; 5% solution) and
      carbachol (10 breaths; 2.5% solution), without and with pretreatment with
      intravenous and aerosolized gallopamil and verapamil. Histamine increased mean
      SRL by 213%. Intravenous (20 micrograms/kg) and aerosolized (5 mg) gallopamil
      markedly inhibited the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. Mean SRL increased
      by 19% and 23%, respectively, whereas 2.5 mg of aerosolized gallopamil partly
      inhibited the histamine-induced response with SRL increasing by 115% (p less than
      0.05). Carbachol increased mean SRL by 380%. Pretreatment with 2.5 mg of
      aerosolized gallopamil had no effect on carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction,
      whereas intravenous and 5 mg of aerosolized gallopamil partly attenuated the
      carbachol response; mean SRL increased by 204% and 177%, respectively (p less
      than 0.05). Intravenous (150 micrograms/kg) and aerosolized (10 mg and 20 mg)
      verapamil did not prevent either histamine- or carbachol-induced
      bronchoconstriction. These results indicate that gallopamil (parenteral and
      aerosol) attenuates carbachol- and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, is more
      potent than verapamil, and may be of therapeutic potential.

PMID- 3372911
TI  - Possible immunologic factors in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.

PMID- 3372912
TI  - Failure to produce late asthmatic responses after ingestion of allergen.

PMID- 3372914
TI  - International Symposium on Allergy and Associated Disorders in Otolaryngology.
      June 18-19, 1987, Seattle, Washington. Proceedings.

PMID- 3372913
TI  - Anaphylaxis.
AB  - Anaphylaxis, the most emergent manifestation of allergy, is best described by its
      clinicopathologic alterations. Sites of involvement include skin (urticaria),
      upper respiratory tract (laryngeal edema), lower respiratory tract
      (bronchospasm), and the cardiovascular system (severe hypotension).
      Ultrastructural analysis of skin biopsy specimens obtained from individuals
      experiencing exercise-induced anaphylaxis before and immediately after exercise
      revealed changes indistinguishable from those observed after immunologic
      challenge of pulmonary mast cells, and included enlargement of the mast cell
      granules, solubilization (discharge) of mast cell granule contents, and merger of
      the granule membranes with adjacent granule membranes and the mast cell
      membranes. Successful reversal of anaphylaxis requires prompt recognition of
      symptoms and early institution of therapy. Patients prone to exercise-induced
      anaphylaxis should avoid any foods, drinks, or pharmaceutical agents,
      particularly acetylsalicylic acid, for 4, and preferably 6, hours before
      exercise.

PMID- 3372915
TI  - Experimentally induced nasal allergic responses.
AB  - To investigate the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, we developed a nasal
      challenge model in which we examined the early, late, and rechallenge responses
      to antigen provocation. In these three aspects of the allergic reaction the
      physiologic responses are associated with inflammatory mediator release. Whereas
      the early response appears to be related mainly to mast cell activation and
      mediator release, the late reaction involves a different pattern of mediator
      release and an inflammatory cell influx, consisting of basophils, neutrophils,
      and eosinophils. Rechallenge with antigen 11 hours later results in an augmented
      immediate response. Pretreatment with aspirin reduces the levels of
      cyclooxygenase metabolites in nasal secretions without affecting the immediate
      physiologic response to antigen or the expected increase in the levels of
      histamine, N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester-esterase activity, and
      leukotriene C4. Pretreatment with systemic steroids does not affect the early
      allergic response, but significantly reduces mediator release during the late and
      rechallenge responses. The influx of eosinophils is inhibited by pretreatment
      with systemic steroids, but neutrophil influx is not. In contrast, pretreatment
      with topical steroids blocks the early response and the late and rechallenge
      responses. Influx of all cell types, including the neutrophil, was prevented.
      These studies show unequivocally that an inflammatory process follows the initial
      response to antigen and that this inflammation is affected by drugs important in
      the treatment of chronic allergic disease. We speculate that understanding
      allergic inflammation will lead to new therapeutic development.

PMID- 3372916
TI  - Fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy: a procedure for allergists?
AB  - Fiberoptic endoscopy of the nose is not essential for routine evaluation of
      allergic rhinitis when the allergist is skilled in performing a thorough speculum
      examination. However, it is useful in the diagnosis of nasal polyps,
      malformations, tumors, and foreign bodies; when severe septal deviation or small
      nasal valves preclude good visualization; and in assessment of adenoid size in
      small children when lateral neck radiographs are inconclusive and digital
      examination is unacceptable.

PMID- 3372917
TI  - Immunotherapy for nasal allergy.
AB  - Controlled studies establish the effectiveness of immunotherapy for allergic
      rhinitis related to grasses, ragweed, mountain cedar, and birch pollens. Clinical
      improvement appears to be specific, to require adequate dosage, and to relapse
      once booster injections are discontinued. Specific immunologic responses increase
      blocking IgG antibodies in serum and secretions, blunt IgE responses, and reduce
      lymphocyte reactions. Immediate mediator release is reduced both in basophils
      challenged in vitro and in nasal secretions after local challenge in vivo.
      Effects on late-phase inflammatory reactions are still under investigation.
      Standardization of allergenic extracts by immunologic methods should make useful
      therapeutic responses more frequent.

PMID- 3372918
TI  - Reflections on "The Hundredth Monkey": the new consciousness in dietetics.

PMID- 3372919
TI  - The role of the clinical dietitian: I. Present professional image and recent
      image changes.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the image of dietitians in the hospital
      setting. Fifty persons in each of six health professions responded to a telephone
      questionnaire. The six health professions were nutrition support dietitians,
      general clinical dietitians, directors of nursing, hospital administrators, chief
      dietitians, and physicians. Respondents were selected from relatively large
      hospitals (greater than 200 beds) that were distributed geographically across the
      United States. Results indicated that nutrition support dietitians had a more
      positive view of how their profession was viewed by others than did general
      clinical dietitians. A larger proportion of nutrition support dietitians than of
      general clinical dietitians believed that they were viewed as working with
      specialized patients (14% vs. 9%), as an important part of the hospital team (20%
      vs. 6%), and as acting as a resource person for the medical staff (30% vs. 13%).
      Physicians and chief dietitians held the strongest opinions concerning the image
      of the nutrition support and general clinical dietitians; both held a more
      positive view of the nutrition support dietitian. A greater number of physicians
      expressed the view that nutrition support dietitians were more competent and
      knowledgeable than were general clinical dietitians (24% vs. 9%) and were an
      important part of the hospital team (36% vs. 15%). A greater percentage of chief
      dietitians said that nutrition support dietitians, in comparison with general
      clinical dietitians, were competent and knowledgeable (40% vs. 19%) and
      professional, well respected, expert, and more specialized (65% vs. 44%). In
      comparison with 5 years ago, 76% and 69% of nutrition support and general
      clinical dietitians, respectively, thought that they are now viewed as more
      professional and as having abilities that are recognized.

PMID- 3372920
TI  - The role of the clinical dietitian: II. Staffing patterns and job functions.
AB  - On the basis of responses to a telephone questionnaire, this study evaluated-
      from the viewpoint of nutrition support dietitians, general clinical dietitians
      (dietitians who are not members of a nutrition support team and who provide
      general clinical dietetic services), and other health professionals--the current
      job functions that nutrition support and general clinical dietitians perform in
      hospitals. Anticipated staffing needs and desired job functions were also
      assessed. For the nutrition support and general clinical dietitians, as viewed by
      themselves and other health professionals, there was considerable overlap in many
      job activities. However, a significantly larger proportion of directors of
      nursing thought that nutrition support dietitians were more involved than general
      clinical dietitians in the evaluation of nutritional status (42% vs. 14%) and in
      contributing expertise to medical team discussions (48% vs. 12%). A significantly
      larger proportion of physicians viewed the nutrition support dietitian as more
      involved than the general clinical dietitian in in-service programs for medical
      and nursing staffs (32% vs. 6%). A large proportion of directors of nursing
      (62%), hospital administrators (34%), and physicians (56%) believed that dietetic
      involvement in the supervision of food preparation, especially by general
      clinical dietitians, was much greater than did the dietetic staff. The outlook
      for the future suggests a greater participation by both the nutrition support and
      the general clinical dietitian in direct patient care functions and less
      involvement in food preparation and clerical tasks.

PMID- 3372921
TI  - Caloric and selected nutrient intakes and estimated energy expenditures for adult
      women: identification of non-sedentary women with lower energy intakes.
AB  - Dietary intakes and energy expenditures of healthy adult women were studied.
      Phase I (no. = 98): 37 women (38% of Phase one subjects) reported 3-day intakes
      of less than 1,600 kcal/day; low nutrient intakes were associated with less than
      1,600 kcal/day for women who did not take supplements. Phase II (no. = 18): group
      mean energy expenditures assessed by activity diaries matched 7-day intake
      records for 8 women who had consumed greater than 1,800 kcal/day during Phase I
      but not for 10 women who had consumed less than 1,600 kcal/day during Phase I.
      Phase III: duplicate food composites and records supported previous intake
      records. The data from this study suggest that some non-sedentary women maintain
      consistently low energy/nutrient intakes and that calculation of energy
      expenditure from standard tables is not appropriate for those women.

PMID- 3372922
TI  - Macronutrients in human milk at 2, 12, and 16 weeks postpartum.
AB  - This study evaluated changes in human milk composition from 2 to 16 weeks
      postpartum. Milk from 12 mothers was analyzed for lipid (utilizing a modified
      Folch), lactose (enzymatic hydrolysis), and nitrogen (semi-micro Kjeldahl).
      Energy was calculated by fractional analysis and bomb calorimetry. All samples
      were from well-defined subjects, and uniform collection procedures were used.
      Milk lipid, total nitrogen, and energy content differed significantly from one
      woman to another. Lipid and energy content increased from 3.98 +/- 1.0 to 5.50 +/
      1.1 gm/100 ml and 68.5 +/- 9.8 to 83.0 +/- 11.1 kcal/100 ml, respectively, and
      nitrogen content decreased significantly from 0.24 +/- 0.05 to 0.16 +/- 0.02
      gm/100 ml from 2 to 16 weeks postpartum. Lactose remained statistically stable,
      increasing from 6.3 +/- 0.7 to 7.0 +/- 0.7 gm/100 ml. Estimates of energy from
      fractional analysis of macronutrients produced lower caloric estimates,
      especially at 2 weeks postpartum. Statistical differences over time and between
      and among mothers were found at all periods studied; therefore, on the basis of
      these data, we caution against reliance on single sample values as representative
      of mature milk either for individuals or for groups.

PMID- 3372923
TI  - Applied kinesiology unreliable for assessing nutrient status.
AB  - Applied kinesiology is a technique used to assess nutritional status on the basis
      of the response of muscles to mechanical stress. In this study, 11 subjects were
      evaluated independently by three experienced applied kinesiologists for four
      nutrients (thiamin, zinc, vitamin A, and ascorbic acid). The results obtained by
      those applied kinesiologists were compared with (a) one another, (b) standard
      laboratory tests for nutrient status, and (c) computerized isometric muscle
      testing. Statistical analysis yielded no significant interjudge reliability, no
      significant correlation between the testers and standard biochemical tests for
      nutrient status, and no significant correlation between mechanical and manual
      determinations of relative muscle strength. In addition, the subjects were
      exposed in a double-blind fashion to supplements of thiamin, zinc, vitamin A, and
      ascorbic acid and two placebos (pectin and sucrose) and then re-tested. According
      to applied kinesiology theory, "weak" (indicating deficiency) muscles are
      strengthened when the subject is exposed to an appropriate nutritional
      supplement. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the
      response to placebo, nutrients previously determined (by muscle testing) to be
      deficient, and nutrients previously determined (by muscle testing) to be
      adequate. Even though the number of subjects (11) and nutrients (4) tested was
      limited, the results of this study indicated that the use of applied kinesiology
      to evaluate nutrient status is no more useful than random guessing.

PMID- 3372924
TI  - Mentoring: implications for career development.
AB  - Mentoring can be viewed as a set of behaviors applied toward a relationship that
      provides guidance and support in career development. This article reviews some of
      the current literature on mentoring and presents concepts that may benefit
      persons in the profession of dietetics. The process of mentoring provides mentors
      with career and psychosocial rewards, while proteges benefit from a wide variety
      of career and/or social opportunities made available through the relationship.
      Rewards for each member of the dyad appear dependent on the age and needs of each
      person. An alternative to mentoring, known as the patron system, has been
      proposed; that system places mentoring at the end point of a continuum which
      includes peer pals, guides, and sponsors. Networking, a crucial aspect of career
      development, broadens opportunities for prospective mentors or sponsors and
      proteges to meet and interact. Entry-level dietitians can benefit from mentor
      protege relationships which groom young professionals for leadership positions.
      The question to be answered is how such relationships can be supported in our
      various work settings. A model of the mentoring process in dietetics is proposed.

PMID- 3372925
TI  - An evaluation of the components of compliance in patients with diabetes.
AB  - In the past, research directed at understanding patient compliance behavior has
      generally resulted in findings that were not predictive of compliance or that
      were at best contradictory. A study of 98 adult patients with diabetes was
      conducted to investigate some of the variables affecting compliance in that
      patient population. Compliance and knowledge scores were computed for all 98
      patients interviewed. Twelve patients at each extreme of the compliance
      distribution (no. = 24) were selected for further interviews. Nonparametric
      analyses were used to test for group differences. Significant differences were
      found in the mean values for the following variables (mean +/- standard error of
      the mean for low and high compliers): years diabetic, 5.7 +/- 1.5 and 12.1 +/-
      2.4, respectively (p = .05); knowledge scores, 12.2 +/- 1.4 and 20.9 +/- 2.6,
      respectively (p = .001); and Health Belief Model score, 35.5 +/- 2.6 and 47.2 +/-
      1.2, respectively (p = .002). In addition, significant differences were found in
      the use of home glucose monitoring, which was practiced by 33% of low compliers
      and 100% of high compliers (p = .002). No significant differences were found
      between the groups for sex, marital status, employment status, or ethnicity. The
      patients' perception of health care delivery and the knowledge acquired about the
      disease condition appeared to be important factors that had a bearing upon the
      control the patients chose to exert upon their care. There also appears to be
      some indication that the Health Belief Model can be used for predicting
      compliance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372926
TI  - Preprofessional education on death, dying, and nutrition in terminal illness.

PMID- 3372927
TI  - Consumption of fish and shellfish by a non-institutionalized elderly population
      in New England.

PMID- 3372928
TI  - Nutritional status in an academic nursing home.
AB  - Inadequate nutrition is a major problem facing the elderly today. Despite
      seemingly appropriate meal standards and dietary supervision, patients in long
      term care facilities remain at risk for developing malnutrition. Various
      nutritional parameters including weight loss, percentage average body weight,
      serum albumin levels, anthropometrics, and skin testing were examined in 130
      patients in an academic nursing home, two thirds of whom were over the age of 65
      years. Functional status including type of feeding and associated diseases was
      also determined. The data show that nutritional risk factors are similar among
      different age-groups in nursing home patients. A significant proportion of our
      patients lost weight while maintaining their serum albumin levels. Despite this,
      there appears to be less evidence of malnutrition among patients in the academic
      nursing home compared with other nursing home settings studied.

PMID- 3372929
TI  - Sleep apnea and sleep-related periodic leg movements in community resident
      seniors.
AB  - The elderly have a high incidence of sleep complaints. A high incidence of sleep
      apnea (SA) and sleep-related periodic leg movements (PLMs) is also suspected. The
      relationship between the incidence and severity of SA and PLMs and sleep
      complaints has not, however, been determined in terms of symptomatology and
      physiologic abnormality. In a group of 46 community resident seniors (60 to 95
      years old), the incidence of SA and PLMs was correlated with subjective sleep
      wake complaints. Sixty-one percent of subjects had SA and/or PLMs.
      Apneas/hypopneas were associated with an average oxygen desaturation of less than
      5% and an average change in heart rate of less than 10 beats per minute. While
      subjects with SA or PLMs had clear evidence of objective sleep disturbance, only
      one quarter of them admitted to any subjective sleep complaints or daytime
      sleepiness. Furthermore, severity of SA or PLMs failed to predict sleep-wake
      complaints, and vice versa. This study confirms that typically mild SA and PLMs
      are widespread in the elderly but tend not to be manifested in sleep-wake
      complaints and probably go untreated as a result. Further research is needed to
      determine any long-term medical significance.

PMID- 3372930
TI  - Predicting intellectual level from the Mini-Mental State Examination.
AB  - The Mini-Mental State Examination and the WAIS-R were administered to 105
      patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. MMSE scores correlated 0.83
      with full scale IQ, which indicates that the MMSE may be a reasonable alternative
      measure of overall intellectual functioning in Alzheimer patients, for whom more
      extensive testing is impractical or clinically inappropriate. The prediction
      formula is presented, along with a prediction table. Folstein and McHugh report
      that, as the WAIS Performance IQ falls below 100 in demented patients, that there
      is a concomitant decline in the MMSE below 24 points. Data from our laboratory
      further support what some clinicians have long suggested, ie, that in those cases
      where only the mental status examination can be given, this short test can
      provide a reasonably valid and reliable prediction of the patient's IQ score.

PMID- 3372931
TI  - Impotence and aging: clinical and hormonal factors.
AB  - A cross-sectional study of 216 impotent men aged 40 to 79 years (mean age 60.9
      years) was conducted to determine if there are age-related changes in clinical
      and hormonal parameters in an impotent population. There was a slight increase in
      the degree of sexual dysfunction with age, with complete erectile failure
      occurring in a larger percent of the 60- and 70-year-olds than in the younger
      patients (41% vs 27% for the 40 year olds, P less than .05). No patient above the
      age of 70 years reported any full erections, even of short duration. In contrast,
      reported levels of libido did not vary significantly with age. Abnormal penile
      Doppler studies diagnostic of vasculogenic impotence were found in 17.8% of the
      patients tested, and an additional 17.8% were found to have evidence suggestive
      of a vascular etiology. These abnormal vascular findings were associated with an
      extremely high prevalence of clinically apparent atherosclerosis in this
      population. In 22.9% of the subjects, an abnormal vascular response was found
      only on exercise, ie, a "pelvic steal", which only occurred above the age of 50
      years. There was a marked age-related alteration in the concentration of
      testosterone (T) and bioavailable testosterone (BT), but no statistically
      significant change in the levels of gonadotropins with age. An increase in the
      prevalence of eugonadotropic hypogonadism with age was found, which suggested an
      increasing prevalence of hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction in this patient
      group. For both vascular and hormonal changes (such as low T and BT), the
      greatest changes appear to occur after the age of 50.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3372932
TI  - The role of aging and chronic disease in sexual dysfunction.
AB  - Sexual dysfunction is so highly prevalent in elderly males that it is often
      considered an inevitable consequence of "normal aging." To determine if other
      factors are related to an age-associated decline in sexual function, we surveyed
      two groups of elderly male veterans in a geriatric ambulatory care clinic: aged
      65 to 75 years ("young-old") and aged over 75 ("old-old"). We compared their
      survey responses with responses from a general medical clinic for unstable
      medical patients, aged under 65 ("old-young"). Of 347 subjects surveyed, 225
      completed a health and sexual function questionnaire (response rate = 65%).
      Absent libido was reported by 30% of old-young, 31% of young-old, and 47% of old
      old. Erectile dysfunction was reported in 26% of old-young, 27% of young-old, and
      50% of old-old (P less than .01). We used ordinal logistic regression and found
      overall sexual dysfunction to be significantly related to subjective poor health,
      diabetes mellitus, and incontinence (P less than .05), while controlling for age.
      These data suggest that, although sexual dysfunction is more common in the aged,
      it is often related more to comorbid illness than aging alone.

PMID- 3372933
TI  - Phenytoin interaction with an oral feeding results in loss of seizure control.

PMID- 3372934
TI  - Carotid surgery under local anesthesia in the elderly.
AB  - Carotid endarterectomy in 39 elderly patients was carried out under local
      anesthesia and neuroleptic analgesia. There were no deaths within 30 days. Two
      patients required an intraoperative shunt because of signs of ischemic changes
      (aphasia, motor changes) during two-minute test cross-clamping. In two patients,
      transient vocal cord paresis was observed, and seven patients (18%) experienced
      immediate postoperative hypertension. Our results support the contention that in
      awake elderly patients the need for an intraoperative shunt can be accurately
      assessed by simple neurological monitoring. Carotid surgery under local
      anesthesia and neuroleptic analgesia appears to be a safe procedure, and is
      especially recommended for elderly patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus
      or ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3372935
TI  - Genetic expression of amyloid and glial-specific protein in the Alzheimer brain.

PMID- 3372936
TI  - Developing in younger physicians an ethical perspective toward geriatric
      patients.

PMID- 3372937
TI  - Response to the Report of the Institute of Medicine: Academic Geriatrics for the
      Year 2000.

PMID- 3372938
TI  - Drug prescribing by telephone: a potential cause of polypharmacy in nursing
      homes.

PMID- 3372939
TI  - A comparison of the persistence in a clay loam of single and repeated annual
      applications of seven granular insecticides used for corn rootworm control.
AB  - In May 1983, granular formulations of carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, disulfoton,
      fonofos, isofenphos, phorate, and terbufos were applied in incorporated bands to
      duplicate 2 m2 field plots of clay loam. Insecticide concentrations were
      determined in the bands at 0,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,16, and 20 wk. Following spring
      cultivation, the insecticides were applied to the same plots in 1984 and 1985. In
      addition, carbofuran was applied to previously untreated plots in 1984 and all 7
      materials were applied to previously untreated plots in 1985. Sampling and
      analysis were carried out as in 1983. Persistence was assessed on the basis of
      the disappearance rates measured for the 1st 8 wk and of a calculated
      Effectiveness Potential (the ratio of the average residue in the upper 5 cm of
      the band at 8, 10 and 12 wk and the published LC95 for western corn rootworm in
      clay loam soil). Soils treated with carbofuran and isofenphos in 1984 and all
      soils treated in 1985 were tested for anti-insecticide activity. Soil cores from
      some carbofuran, chlorpyrifos and terbufos treated plots were sectioned
      vertically to establish the distribution of the insecticides during 1985. In
      addition, granular and pure chemical forms of isofenphos and carbofuran were
      applied at 10 ppm to anti-isofenphos and anti-carbofuran active and control soils
      (from field plots) maintained at 10 and 20% moisture in the laboratory to assess
      the effect of formulation and moisture on persistence in active soils.
      Insecticide concentrations were determined at 0,1,3,7, 10,14,21,28, and 35 days.
      The persistence of chlorpyrifos, terbufos and phorate was relatively constant
      over the 3 years and between plots receiving single and multiple treatments.
      Disulfoton and fonofos behavior was more variable and that of carbofuran and
      isofenphos was extremely variable. Anti-insecticide activity against carbofuran
      and isofenphos was detectable 2 wk after an initial application and was still
      present the following spring. Anti-insecticide activity against fonofos, terbufos
      sulfoxide, phorate sulfone and disulfoton sulfone was also generated in this
      soil. Anti-insecticide activity against chlorpyrifos, disulfoton, terbufos and
      phorate was not present. Carbofuran, chlorpyrifos and terbufos (+ metabolites)
      present in the upper 5 cm of soil averaged 93, 94 and 94%, respectively, of the
      total core contents over 12 wk. Significant moisture dependent differences were
      observed between the behavior of granular carbofuran and granular isofenphos in
      anti-insecticide active soils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3372940
TI  - Phosalone applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): its deposition and
      persistence on foliages, soils and final residues in seeds.
AB  - Phosalone, O,O-diethyl-S-(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-onyl)methyl
      phosphorodithioate, was field-applied by ground equipment to cotton (Gossypium
      hirsutum L.) at the rates of 1050 and 2100 g a.i./ha, respectively, to determine
      its dissipation on leaves and soils and the residues in seeds at harvest. The
      insecticide concentrations on cotton leaves and soils were measured periodically
      for 14 days following its application. It was found that the half lives of the
      insecticide on cotton leaves at the dosages of 1050 and 2100 g a.i./ha were 6.8
      and 6.3 days, respectively. And the half lives on soils for the 2 dosages were 7
      and 5.8 days, respectively. The residues remaining in soils at harvest time were
      0.072 and 0.121 mg/kg 14 days post-application and the residues in cotton seeds
      were relatively low (less than 0.02-0.12 mg/kg).

PMID- 3372941
TI  - Cleanup of biological extracts by a Pasteur pipette column and a comparison of in
      vivo-accumulated chlorinated pesticide residues with other clean up systems.
AB  - Biological samples are extracted with n-hexane/acetone (60:40) and 1 mL of the
      concentrated extract is eluted through a pasteur pipette column prepacked with
      alumina (0.3 g) and silicic acid (0.25 g) with 10 mL n-hexane (containing 4%
      acetone). The fat and other co-extractives are retained by the column and clear
      eluate is directly injected on a GLC column for determination on electron capture
      detector. A comparison of the Pasteur pipette cleanup with the modified method of
      Cole et al. (1967) on 41 samples of fish, One Step Method, (Ahmad and Marolt
      (1986] on 86 samples of fish and Maunder et al. (1964) on 10 type of wildlife
      (100 samples) was made. The Pasteur pipette method gives results which are
      significantly higher (p greater than 0.5) than the other methods except the One
      step method. The Pasteur pipette method has a detection limit of 0.01 microgram/g
      for DDT and its metabolites.

PMID- 3372942
TI  - Reconstruction of soft tissue defects about the great toe.
AB  - Successful reconstruction of soft tissue defects about the great toe require
      careful consideration. Principles that must be evaluated prior to wound coverage
      include biomechanics of the hallux and location of tissue loss with regard to
      plantar weightbearing. This is important in order to acquire a functional as well
      as cosmetically acceptable outcome. Therefore, two examples are presented in this
      discussion to illustrate these principles.

PMID- 3372943
TI  - Soft tissue coverage for defects on the plantar aspect of the foot.
AB  - Coverage of difficult plantar wounds has posed a problem in the weight-bearing
      foot. Through a greater understanding of the vascular anatomy of the plantar
      surface of the foot, developments in local flap technique have made it possible
      to cover such defects. The following manuscript examines these developments.

PMID- 3372944
TI  - Rotational skin flap for treatment of hypertrophic plantar scars.
AB  - Hypertrophic scars along the plantar aspect of the foot can be extremely painful
      and disabling, especially if located on weight-bearing areas. The authors suggest
      a rotation skin flap as one form of surgical management for this problem. A brief
      review of rotational skin flaps is presented along with a case report.

PMID- 3372945
TI  - A comparison of transpositional neurovascular skin flaps for reconstruction of
      diabetic heel ulcerations.
AB  - The diabetic heel ulcer is a common, yet difficult, entity to manage.
      Conservative and surgical treatments are frequently unsuccessful. Transpositional
      neurovascular skin flaps offer a relatively new and effective method for
      reconstruction of this defect. The medial plantar, dorsalis pedis, and lateral
      calcaneal flaps are discussed and compared for use in the diabetic patient with
      heel ulceration.

PMID- 3372946
TI  - "Z" incision and surgical access to the plantar aspect of the foot.
AB  - The authors describe their experience with the "Z" incision, when extensive
      surgery is performed on the plantar aspect of the foot.

PMID- 3372947
TI  - Surgical management of the deep plantar abscess in the diabetic patient.
AB  - The authors report the case of a deep plantar abscess in a diabetic patient. The
      pathophysiology of diabetic foot lesions as well as classification is discussed.
      The philosophy of local radical debridement involving ray resection, as well as
      postdebridement management is discussed in detail.

PMID- 3372948
TI  - Lower extremity limb salvage.
AB  - In this discussion, the case report of a fetid diabetic right foot infection is
      presented. Although definitive major limb amputation was initially contemplated,
      aggressive treatment efforts were used to prevent this catastrophe. Photographs
      illustrate state-of-the-art treatment techniques and document a satisfying
      clinical outcome.

PMID- 3372949
TI  - Biomechanical principles of tension band wiring applied to fractures of the
      distal fibula and fifth metatarsal base.
AB  - Application of the tension band principle to provide dynamic compression across
      sites of the ankle and foot is discussed. Two cases are presented that
      demonstrate the basic principles of tension band fixation. A biomechanical
      explanation of fracture failure in long bones is also provided.

PMID- 3372950
TI  - Subtalar arthroereisis: a combined technique.
AB  - This study reports the evolution and results of an arthroereisis procedure
      utilizing a talonavicular desmoplasty, tibial tendon suspension (posterior and
      anterior) and implantation of a Silastic interpositional sphere in the sinus
      tarsi. Four cases were reviewed with a maximum 6-year follow-up. This study
      should be considered when presented with a severely hypermobile and symptomatic
      flatfoot in the child. The procedure is efficacious in combination with a strict
      postoperative regimen and appropriate biomechanical management.

PMID- 3372951
TI  - Reverse Austin osteotomy for correction of acquired static hallux adductus.
AB  - Hallux adductus, a horizontal plane deformity, often has an iatrogenic etiology
      especially as a complication of hallux abducto valgus surgery. A case at Sheridan
      Park Hospital is described in which the patient developed a steadily worsening
      static hallux adductus following foot surgery. She underwent further corrective
      procedures for the hallux adductus 11/2 years later. The authors conclude that if
      a mild static hallux adductus is observed in conjunction with bunionectomy or
      other surgery, it should be corrected at that time rather than some years later.

PMID- 3372953
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of metatarsal stress fracture.

PMID- 3372952
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the foot.
AB  - A 24-year-old white female had a rapidly growing tumor in the medial aspect of
      her left ankle. The tumor soon ulcerated through the skin over the medial
      malleolar region (Fig. 1A to 1D). Biopsy revealed the presence of an embryonal
      rhabdomyosarcoma. A below-the-knee amputation was performed. Unfortunately,
      pulmonary metastasis took place a few months following the leg amputation, and
      she died of widespread metastases 1 year later.

PMID- 3372954
TI  - Podiatric imaging quiz.

PMID- 3372955
TI  - Wound healing in podiatric surgery.
AB  - The type, phases, and complications of wound closure are reviewed. A basic
      understanding of these physiologic principles will aid the surgeon in planning
      more advanced wound healing techniques.

PMID- 3372957
TI  - European interlaboratory comparison of serum thyroglobulin measurement.
AB  - A European interlaboratory comparison of serum thyroglobulin measurements was
      performed after an initiative from the European Organization of Research and
      Therapy of Cancer. Fifty-two laboratories were addressed and 45 of these (83%)
      participated in the study by measuring serum thyroglobulin and its autoantibody
      in 5 thyroglobulin containing sera. Thyroglobulin antibodies were added to two of
      the sera. Two commercial kits were used by a large number of the laboratories (11
      and 8, respectively). Each kit showed a reasonably low interlaboratory
      coefficient of variation at concentrations above 25 micrograms/l, but with
      discrepancy between the methods. The remaining miscellaneous methods (24) showed
      a variation above 65% in all samples. In all laboratories the addition of
      thyroglobulin antibodies resulted in false thyroglobulin measurements with either
      elevated or depressed levels. It is concluded that a reference calibrator for
      serum thyroglobulin is strongly needed as the first essential step towards
      interlaboratory standardization of serum thyroglobulin, thereby opening a
      possibility for multicentre studies of its value in the post-therapy follow-up of
      patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3372956
TI  - Plasma thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, free
      triiodothyronine, and cortisol levels in blind prepubertal boys.
AB  - Findings on thyroid function in blind subjects are lacking. The aim of this study
      was to investigate the thyroid hormonal pattern in prepubertal blind subjects.
      Six healthy and 8 blind males, aged 7-10 yr, in Tanner stage one puberty, living
      at Institute "Martuscelli" for blind young subjects, Napoli, Italy, were studied.
      Each had a TRH (200 micrograms) test at 08:00 h after nocturnal rest. Plasma TSH,
      T4, T3, free T4(FT4), free T3(FT3) and cortisol (F) were measured by RIA. Our
      blind subjects show levels of TSH (basal values and absolute peak after TRH), T4,
      T3 and F normal but FT4 levels significantly higher than controls (39 pg/ml +/-
      4.7 vs 12 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.001; 14 pg/ml +/- 1.3 vs 4.7 +/- 0.2, p less
      than 0.001, respectively). Our results, similar to those found in some patients
      with euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia, suggest that the prolonged inability to receive
      light signal could influence the metabolism of thyroid hormones and/or cause a
      tissue resistance to their action, even if this hypothesis must be verified by
      future more extensive investigations.

PMID- 3372958
TI  - Autoradiographical evidence for increased thyrotropin binding to autonomously
      functioning thyroid gland tissue.
AB  - The aim of this study was to quantify thyrotropin (TSH) binding to individual
      cells from autonomously functioning thyroid gland tissue (AFTT) in comparison
      with the corresponding non-autonomous cells. Cryostatic tissue sections from ten
      thyroid glands with autonomously functioning adenomas were incubated in 125I
      labeled TSH. TSH-binding density (TBD) was visualized by means of autoradiography
      and quantified by means of reflection photometry. Eight out of ten specimens
      showed a significant (p less than 0.001), up to tenfold increase in TBD of AFTT
      cells. All ten specimens had a significantly increased number of TSH molecules
      bound per thyrocyte in comparison both with the corresponding non-autonomous
      cells and also with tissues from non-functioning thyroid neoplasms (n = 6). The
      increased TBD of AFTT persisted after transplantation onto nude mice. The
      paranodular tissue from thyroid glands with scintigraphically compensated
      adenomas showed in four out of six cases an increased TBD when compared with
      normal thyroid tissue. It can be concluded that AFTT possesses distinct cytoplasm
      membrane characteristics as evinced by TSH binding analysis. Increased TSH
      binding should be considered as a possible cause of metabolic hyperactivity of
      AFTT cells. The concomitant existence of functional autonomy in the paranodular
      tissue might lead to a false supposition of a compensated autonomous adenoma as
      revealed by scintigraphical evidence.

PMID- 3372959
TI  - The different types of hyperthyroidism in Europe. Results of a prospective survey
      of 924 patients.
AB  - In a prospective multicentric study, 924 untreated hyperthyroid patients were
      investigated, coming consecutively within one year into 17 thyroid centers of 6
      European countries. With the aid of clinical information, evaluation of thyroid
      scan and centrally assayed thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies, TSH-binding
      inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII), and urinary iodine, different types of
      hyperthyroidism could be shown. Two types of hyperthyroidism could be defined
      directly: autonomous adenoma in cases of hot nodules in thyroid scan and Graves'
      disease, defined as hyperthyroidism with eye symptoms, and/or measurable TBII
      levels. The remainder, called "non-classifiable", included TBII negative Graves'
      patients, comprising of Hashitoxicosis, toxic nodular goiter, and other
      multifocal autonomies. 9.2% of the patients had an autonomous adenoma, 59.6%
      Graves' disease, and 31.2% unclassified hyperthyroidism. The main and significant
      difference between these types were mean age, goiter size, nodularity, and
      severity of the disease, being especially expressed in Graves' disease. Graves'
      patients had significantly increased T3/T4 ratios. Using as additional criteria
      diffuse regular uptake and/or increased T3/T4 ratios for immunogenic types of
      hyperthyroidism at least half of the 31.2% unclassified hyperthyroidism are
      probably Graves' disease. Forming two groups of iodine-deficient areas (IDA) and
      iodine-sufficient areas (ISA) according to the urinary iodine, it was possible to
      elucidate some characteristics independently of local factors. Autonomous adenoma
      was more frequent in IDA (10.1%) than in ISA (3.2%). Differences in iodine supply
      are reflected in the three types of hyperthyroidism by a significant higher
      prevalence of goiter, thyroid nodularity, lower thyroid hormone concentrations,
      and a higher rate of T3 toxicosis in IDA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3372960
TI  - Weight loss and sex steroid metabolism in massively obese man.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of weight loss and diet therapy on plasma sex hormone
      behavior in male obesity, 9 men with a BMI of 43.4 +/- 6.3 participated in an 8
      week semistarvation program [whose energy content ranged from 320 to 500 k
      calorie/day (proteins 44 to 60 g and carbohydrates 54 to 81 g per day)] followed
      by a two-week hypocaloric (1000 k calorie/day) refeeding. In basal conditions,
      obese patients presented higher estrogen and lower dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulphate, testosterone (total and free) and sex-hormone binding globulin
      concentrations with respect to a group of control normal-weight subjects.
      Cumulative weight loss was 23.9 +/- 3.6 kg after semistarvation and 24.4 +/- 4.8
      kg after refeeding (p = NS). A significant increase in testosterone, free
      testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was observed throughout the
      study, irrespective of dietary intake. A transient increase occurred in estrone
      levels while 17B-estradiol did not change. Gonadotropins and sex-hormone binding
      globulin values remained unaltered. No relationship was found between sex
      hormones and dietary energy content or composition. Daily urine free cortisol,
      which was used as a parameter of adrenal function, fell approximately 50% during
      semistarvation but returned to baseline values after refeeding. These results
      show that in massively obese patients weight loss per se may partially reverse
      sex hormone abnormalities but not sex-hormone binding globulin concentrations. It
      remains to be determined whether the return to "normal weight" can normalize
      steroid metabolic derangements in the obese man.

PMID- 3372961
TI  - Thyroidal prelymphoma.
AB  - We treated a 32-year-old man with "thyroidal prelymphoma", morphologically
      resembling Hashimoto's thyroiditis and associated with monoclonal gammopathy
      (IgG, lambda). Immunohistochemistry revealed intracytoplasmatic monoclonal
      immunoglobulin (IgG, lambda) containing lymphoid cells in the interstitium of the
      thyroid tissue. After total thyroidectomy had been performed, the monoclonal
      immunoglobulin disappeared. Three years have passed since the surgery and this
      writing, there has been no recurrence. The existence of thyroidal prelymphoma
      suggests that chronic antigenic stimulation might produce lymphocytes which are
      more susceptible to neoplastic change (Hashimoto's thyroiditis----thyroidal
      prelymphoma----malignant lymphoma of the thyroid).

PMID- 3372963
TI  - Delayed swelling of prethyroid soft tissue after fine needle aspiration biopsy.

PMID- 3372962
TI  - Addison's disease and empty sella.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman affected by Addison's disease, inadequately treated with
      corticosteroids for 14 yr, was referred to our clinic. As a x-ray of skull
      revealed an enlarged sella turcica, a more thorough study of hypothalamic
      pituitary function and of the sellar region was performed. The normal suppression
      of high plasma ACTH levels induced by hydrocortisone infusion and the normal
      pattern of ACTH, TSH, PRL, LH and FSH to appropriate stimuli (CRH, TRH, GnRH)
      excluded the possible existence of an ACTH-secreting adenoma; the CT scan images
      showed the presence of an empty sella. The impaired GH rise after GHRH may be
      attributed to either the empty sella or the adrenal failure. This is the first
      patient with Addison's disease and empty sella, in whom the hypothalamic
      pituitary function has been studied by the administration of four releasing
      hormones.

PMID- 3372964
TI  - Functional assessment of the elderly.

PMID- 3372965
TI  - Treating recovering alcoholics.

PMID- 3372966
TI  - Legacy of the country doctor.

PMID- 3372967
TI  - Confirming interactions.

PMID- 3372968
TI  - Managing nocturnal wandering behavior.

PMID- 3372969
TI  - Moyamoya disease in an infant with autonomic dysfunction: angiographic and MRI
      findings.
AB  - An infant with persistent Harlequinism went on to develop a hemiparesis secondary
      to Moyamoya disease at 2 1/2 months of age. The sympathetic nervous system is
      proposed to be an etiologic factor in the pathophysiology of Moyamoya disease as
      well as Harlequinism. This is one of the youngest patients reported in the
      English literature with Moyamoya disease and the only report of the coexistence
      of Moyamoya disease and atypical Harlequinism. Magnetic resonance imaging led to
      the diagnosis, which was confirmed by cerebral angiography.

PMID- 3372970
TI  - Congenital blindness, porencephaly, and neonatal thrombocytopenia: a report of
      four cases.
AB  - Four unrelated infants with neonatal thrombocytopenia associated with congenital
      blindness and porencephaly have been seen over an 18-year period. The association
      of congenital blindness with neonatal thrombocytopenia has not previously been
      reported. All children had clinical purpura in the neonatal period; in three
      cases, thrombocytopenia was confirmed, while in one case, the diagnosis of
      thrombocytopenia was presumptive; in two cases, there was evidence of circulating
      maternal serum platelet isoantibodies. Extensive investigation for intrauterine
      infection was negative in the three cases with confirmed thrombocytopenia. The
      thrombocytopenia resolved spontaneously after the neonatal period. It is
      postulated that the porencephalies were the consequence of prenatal
      cerebrovascular episodes. The etiology of the optic atrophy is unclear. Serial
      cranial ultrasound investigation is recommended for all neonates with
      thrombocytopenia, even if neurologically asymptomatic in the neonatal period, and
      serial prenatal cranial ultrasound investigation is recommended for infants of
      mothers with a history of having previously had infants with neonatal isoimmune
      thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3372972
TI  - Nerve conduction studies of the sural nerve in childhood.
AB  - A study of the sural nerve was undertaken to determine latency to onset and peak,
      duration of action potential, amplitude, and conduction velocity in 33 children,
      1 to 7 years old. Multiple tests per patient resulted in 140 measurements per
      variable. To determine if the interpatient measurement variation was a
      significant factor compared to the intrapatient differences, one-way analysis of
      variance was performed. With each variable the F statistic showed the
      interpatient variation was significantly different (P less than .001) than the
      intrapatient measurement variation. There was no significant age effect in the
      latency to onset and peak, the amplitude, and the duration of action potential.
      The mean value for latency to onset was 2.430 msec, latency to peak 2.997 msec,
      duration 2.161 msec, and amplitude 8.736 muV. Age was highly significant (P less
      than .001) with conduction velocities calculated using latency to onset (CV1) and
      latency to peak (CV2), since distance was less in the younger child, according to
      the formulas: CV1 = 47.29 + 1.96 (age in years) and CV2 = 38.56 + 1.50 (age in
      years). Using regression analysis, temperature had no significant effect on CV1
      or CV2.

PMID- 3372971
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - Though osseous abnormalities are associated with tuberous sclerosis, involvement
      of the skull base and orbit has not been reported. We describe a patient with
      superior displacement of the orbit and proptosis that were due to sphenoid
      hyperplasia and sclerosis characteristic of fibrous dysplasia. A pelvic
      osteosclerotic lesion suggested polyostotic involvement. The bony abnormalities
      implied neither concurrent neurofibromatosis nor McCune-Albright syndrome in this
      patient with tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3372973
TI  - Dipetalonema viteae and Brugia pahangi transplant infections in gerbils for use
      in antifilarial screening.
AB  - Transplanted infections of Dipetalonema viteae and Brugia pahangi have been
      evaluated as tools for experimental chemotherapy. Attempts were made to establish
      these filariae in similar pharmacokinetic sites within the same host, so that
      direct comparisons of in vivo drug susceptibilities could be made. Unfortunately,
      it was not possible to establish B. pahangi in the subcutaneous tissues, the
      preferred site of D. viteae. Therefore, intraperitoneal B. pahangi and
      subcutaneously implanted D. viteae in gerbils were used for the study. D. viteae
      infections were significantly enhanced by concomitant infections with B. pahangi,
      while B. pahangi infection rates were unaffected by the presence of D. viteae.
      Experiments with amoscanate, CGP6140 and Mel W demonstrated the importance of
      employing both B. pahangi and D. viteae for antifilarial discovery work and the
      fundamental effect of parasite location on drug efficacy. D. viteae rapidly
      migrate from the peritoneal cavity of gerbils following implantation; twenty one
      hours after infection 73% of transplanted worms were found in the subcutaneous
      tissues. It was shown that the migration response could be used as a stringent
      parameter for demonstrating antifilarial activity. D. viteae were exposed to
      antifilarial drugs for 24 hours in vitro, washed and implanted into the
      peritoneal cavity of gerbils. At autopsy, 5 days later, 10(-8)M ivermectin and
      milbemycin D had prevented migration; CGP6140, amoscanate, suramin, flubendazole
      and furapyrimidone were also detected at less than 10(-6)M using this parameter.
      In all cases the migration response was more sensitive to drugs than parasite
      kill. Ivermectin's ability to inhibit worm migration through the tissues is
      discussed, with respect to the role of itinerant males in the reproductive cycle
      of Onchocerca volvulus.

PMID- 3372974
TI  - Determination of the minimum time of praziquantel therapy required for the in
      vitro treatment of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus.
AB  - Ovine and equine protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus were cultured for 26
      days with our without praziquantel and viability assessed, by eosin exclusion,
      for cultures in various drug concentrations (50, 250 and 500 micrograms/l) and
      periods of exposure (1, 3 or 7 days (d] before removing/'rescuing' to drug-free
      medium. Drug efficacy was proportional to drug concentration and to length of
      exposure. At higher drug concentrations shorter exposures were required to
      produce the effect of continuous drug treatment, 1d therapy at 500 micrograms/l
      killing 96% ovine protoscoleces by day 14 whereas 7d therapy at 50 micrograms/l
      was required to produce a similar effect. Equine protoscoleces appeared
      marginally less susceptible than those of ovine origin. The relevance of the
      results in the need for peri-operative prophylaxis against spilled protoscoleces
      in man is discussed.

PMID- 3372975
TI  - Transmission of Schistosoma bovis in Mkulwe (Mbozi District, Mbeya region,
      southern highlands of Tanzania).
AB  - Various populations of laboratory bred bulinid snails were exposed to miracidia
      of Schistosoma bovis from Mbozi. The parasite is naturally transmitted by Bulinus
      globosus in the area. Laboratory infection revealed a good relationship with B.
      forskalii and B. globosus from Mbozi and a population of B. forskalii from Dar es
      Salaam (infection rates 100%, 63.6% and 41.7% respectively). Populations of B.
      globosus and B. nasutus from Dar es Salaam were refractory. It appears that both
      snail species (B. globosus and B. forskalii) present in Mbozi district transmit
      S. bovis.

PMID- 3372976
TI  - Schistosoma curassoni Brumpt, 1931 and S. bovis (Sonsino, 1876) in cattle in
      northern Nigeria.
AB  - Schistosoma curassoni has been recovered from cattle in northern Nigeria. Rectal
      scrapings of 90 cows slaughtered at the Kano abattoir, Kano, Nigeria during March
      and April 1986 revealed a prevalence of 7.8% S. bovis and 2.2% S. curassoni.
      Further examination of the mesenteric and rectal veins of 502 cows showed that
      the overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 31.1%. Local Bulinus globosus were
      infected successfully in the laboratory with s. bovis miracidia.

PMID- 3372977
TI  - Comparative efficacy of flubendazole and mebendazole on encysted larvae of
      Trichinella spiralis (USA strain) in the diaphragm of mice and rats.
AB  - Comparative efficacy of mebendazole and flubendazole, a p-fluor analogue of
      mebendazole against the encysted larvae of Trichinella spiralis (USA strain) in
      the diaphragm of mice and rats were studied in order to provide a better
      understanding of the structure-activity relationship within the benzimidazole
      series. Drugs given 10-100 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days (35-37 days post
      infection) or at 300 mg/kg, 35 days post infection were significantly effective
      in decreasing early encysted larvae in mice. No significant differences in
      effectiveness against the early encysted larvae could be observed between the
      drugs under the present experimental conditions. Mebendazole was found to be more
      effective that flubendazole in decreasing old encysted larvae in mice treated 70
      72 days post-infection based on a comparative study of their ED50 values. When
      rats were given the drugs at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days,
      mebendazole was significantly effective against both early and old encysted
      larvae while flubendazole was not.

PMID- 3372978
TI  - Efficacy of various anthelmintics against third-stage larvae of Ancylostoma
      caninum in the brain of mice.
AB  - In an experimental larval infection of Ancylostoma caninum in mice, the efficacy
      of various anthelmintics against the larvae migrated and established in the brain
      is reported for the first time. Albendazole and flubendazole were the most
      effective drugs. Thiabendazole, benacil, phenacizole, oxfendazole and mebendazole
      showed significant larvicidal activity. Tetramisole, levamisole, fenbendazole,
      Sch 18099, pyrantel pamoate, morantel tartrate and oxantel pamoate did not show
      any significant activity even at relatively high dose levels.

PMID- 3372979
TI  - A survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in the area of
      Thessaloniki, Greece.
AB  - Faecal specimens randomly taken from 232 healthy dogs living in the area of
      Thessaloniki were screened for internal parasites. In 39.2% of the examined dogs
      excretion of Sarcocystis bovicanis (1.3%), Isospora ohioensis/burrowsi (3.9%),
      Giardia lamblia (0.8%), Hammondia heydorni (0.4%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum
      (0.8%) Diplopylidium nolleri (0.4%), Joyeuxiella pasqualei (0.8%), taeniids
      (0.4%), Toxocara canis (22.4%), Toxascaris leonina (1.3%), Uncinaria stenocephala
      (3.0%), Trichuris vulpis (2.6%), Spirocerca lupi (0.4%), or Linguatula serrata
      (0.4%) was detected. The overall rate of infection did not show any significant
      difference concerning sex or age. T. canis, however, was significantly more often
      found in the youngest age group (1-3 months).

PMID- 3372980
TI  - Eosinophilia in Ascaris suum-reinfected mice.
AB  - The secondary response of eosinophilia has been studied in mice infected with A.
      suum. In mice infected orally with 1000 A. suum eggs, larvae disappeared from the
      body within two weeks after infection. The number of peripheral blood eosinophils
      decreased to the pre-infection level within eight weeks. A typical secondary
      response of IgG antibody production to egg antigen was found after reinfection
      with 1000 eggs. The number of peripheral blood eosinophils increased more rapidly
      after reinfection than after the primary infection. However, the peak number of
      eosinophils after reinfection was similar to that after primary infection, and
      the long-lasting characteristics of eosinophilia after reinfection did not differ
      from those after primary infection. These results suggest that the secondary
      response of eosinophilia is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of
      eosinophils in A. suum-reinfected mice.

PMID- 3372982
TI  - Morphological changes in Schistosoma mansoni caused by the mutagen ethyl methane
      sulphonate.
AB  - Three week old Schistosoma mansoni, cultured for up to sixty days after exposure
      to ethyl methane sulphonate, showed extensive ballooning which often involved
      most of the worm's body. Other changes included tegumental breakdown which was
      expressed in varying degrees from mild hernia to total disruption of body shape.
      Increase in gut size involved stretching of the epithelium and inclusions ranging
      from masses of disrupted tissue to large, dark opaque masses. Masses were also
      occasionally seen in the fluid filled spaces of worms. Evidence of hyperplasia
      was not observed in any of the histological examinations performed.

PMID- 3372981
TI  - Immunization against experimental rabbit cysticercosis using liposome-associated
      antigen preparations.
AB  - Rabbits were vaccinated once, by subcutaneous and intradermal injection, with
      sonicates of oncospheres (TpO) or conditioned media from in vitro maintained
      mature metacestodes (TpMcES) of Taenia pisiformis. Extracts were either
      incorporated into or mixed with unilamellar liposomes (reverse phase evaporative
      vesicles) or emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA). Control groups
      received liposomes or FIA without antigen, or antigen preparation without
      adjuvant. Rabbits were challenged orally two weeks after vaccination with
      approximately 1500 eggs of T. pisiformis and necropsied eight weeks after
      challenge. A mean of 155 cysts was recovered from seven control rabbits. A 67%
      reduction in peritoneal cyst numbers was obtained in TpO-IFA vaccinated rabbits
      compared to 75% for the TpO-liposome entrapped group. The highest level of
      protection (86%) was obtained when TpO was mixed with but not entrapped in
      liposomes. Only 32% and 39% reduction in peritoneal cyst numbers was obtained
      after immunizing with the TpMcES preparation in liposomes or IFA respectively,
      however greater than 85% of peritoneal metacestodes were dead (necrotic or
      calcified) and suggests a different immune response than occurs after vaccination
      with oncosphere extracts. Specific anti-oncospheral or anti-metacestode ES
      antibody (IgG) responses at two weeks post vaccination were similar in rabbits
      immunized with liposome or IFA associated extracts.

PMID- 3372983
TI  - The tissue reactions of mice to infection with Heligmosmoides polygyrus.
AB  - The intestines of normal and resistant LAF1 mice were subjected to histologic
      study to determine the timing and mechanisms of resistance to reinfection by
      Heligmosmoides polygyrus. During reinfection third-stage larvae are less able to
      penetrate the intestinal wall. Larvae which are able to encyst develop at a
      slower rate and provoke an increase in nonspecific inflammation around their
      cysts. After emergence from intestinal cysts, preadults are rapidly lost, but at
      no time were injured or destroyed larvae or adults noted. Exsheathed larvae were
      injected via tail vein into control, sensitized and resistant BALB/c mice. The
      inflammatory response around entrapped larvae in the lung was measured at 1, 2,
      4, and 8 days. A heightened inflammatory response, consisting primarily of
      polymorphonuclear cells with some round cells which peaked in size on day 2, was
      observed in both sensitized and resistant mice. A similar heightened inflammatory
      response was also observed in both AKR (non-resistant) BALB/c (resistant) mice
      vaccinated subcutaneously with exsheathed larvae.

PMID- 3372984
TI  - Cyclic and non-cyclic dynamics in populations of the helminth parasites of wood
      mice, Apodemus sylvaticus.
AB  - Two populations of Apodemus sylvaticus, one in deciduous woodland and another in
      coniferous forest in Co. Down, Northern Ireland, were trapped at monthly
      intervals over 33 months. The dynamics, reproduction and age structure of the
      mouse populations differed between years with over a 40 fold range of population
      size. Nine species of helminths were recovered from the alimentary tract and
      associated organs of the mice. The prevalence and mean worm burden of the
      cestodes, Catenotaenia lobata, Hymenolepis hibernia and Taenia taeniaeformis
      varied erratically. The trematodes, Corrigia vitta and to a lesser degree
      Brachylaima recurva, had seasonal changes in abundance. The nematodes Capillaria
      murissylvatici and Nematospiroides dubius had strongly seasonal cycles of
      abundance associated with the onset of host reproduction. Trichuris muris was the
      rarest helminth. Despite protracted periods of absence this species maintained a
      seasonal increase in mean worm burden in late winter. The nematode, Syphacia
      stroma, had a weakly seasonal pattern of dynamics. The bases of these cyclical
      and non-cyclical dynamics of the helminths of A. sylvaticus are discussed.

PMID- 3372985
TI  - A simple method for the oral transfer of Moniliformis moniliformis
      (Acanthocephala) between rats.
AB  - A technique is described whereby young adult Moniliformis moniliformis, aged up
      to 7 days, can be transferred via the oral route from one rat to another. The
      method is dependent on giving the recipient rats a dose of Cimetidine (0.25
      ml/250 g body weight of a solution containing 950 mg/ml) 1 h before transfer.
      Cimetidine functions as an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric acid secretion in
      the rat is inhibited temporarily. The technique does not appear to interfere with
      the reproductive biology of the parasite.

PMID- 3372986
TI  - HIV prophylaxis with punctured gloves?

PMID- 3372987
TI  - Sacred secrets: confidentiality, informed consent, and diagnostic testing in the
      AIDS era.

PMID- 3372988
TI  - Microbial flora on the hands of health care personnel: differences in composition
      and antibacterial resistance.
AB  - The composition and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria recovered from the
      hands of nurses and physicians in two service units of a major teaching hospital
      were compared with those found in a control population. Significant differences
      in the composition of bacteria were found in dermatology and oncology unit
      personnel. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from 31% of dermatology nurses and
      37% of dermatology physicians compared with 20% of oncology nurses, 15% of
      oncology physicians, and 17% of controls. Oncology personnel had a significantly
      higher carriage of gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and multiple antibiotic
      resistant, aerobic coryneforms (group JK bacteria). Both dermatology and oncology
      nursing personnel were colonized by organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics.
      Methicillin resistance was found in 26% and 66% of the staphylococci recovered
      from dermatology and oncology nurses respectively. Flora from physicians on the
      two units had sensitivity patterns similar to controls.

PMID- 3372989
TI  - Evaluation of two hot water washer disinfectors for medical instruments.
AB  - Two models of hot water washer disinfectors (Decomat 128 and Hospital A,
      Euroclean Canada Inc; Ontario, Canada) were evaluated by two methods for their
      efficacy in disinfecting anesthesia equipment. In the first method, three
      different microbial suspensions were each sealed into 30 capillary tubes. In the
      second method, corrugated anesthesia tubes were rinsed with suspensions of each
      of two bacterial strains. The tubes then underwent a standard cycle in the hot
      water washer disinfectors and were subsequently tested for growth of
      microorganisms. All experiments were repeated three times, and the temperature
      was registered in all cases. In the capillary test, growth was rarely detected
      (13/540 tubes) and the inactivation factor for both apparatus was greater than 5
      log10. In the rinse test, no growth was detected. The mean temperature for 15
      disinfection cycles was 84.2 +/- 0.8 degrees C for Decomat 128 and 88.9 +/- 0.5
      degrees C for Hospital A. However, for Decomat 128 we observed a variation of 3
      degrees C from one disinfection cycle to another and a progressive reduction of
      2.2 degrees C over a series of five consecutive complete cycles. Both methods
      gave reproducible results. Under our experimental conditions, both hot water
      washer disinfectors proved to be efficacious for the disinfection of reusable
      anesthesia equipment.

PMID- 3372990
TI  - Nosocomial transmission of HIV in Africa: what tribute is paid to contaminated
      blood transfusions and medical injections?
AB  - We reviewed the published data on the possible impact of medical injections and
      blood transfusions on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa.
      We also compared these results to our experience in Rwanda, central Africa. The
      importance of medical injections in the epidemic of HIV infection seems to differ
      from one area to another. The excess of injections experienced by HIV
      seropositive subjects in Zaire could be secondary to the parenteral treatment of
      early HIV-related illness or to the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases,
      rather than being the cause of HIV infection, as suggested by Rwandese studies.
      In contrast, blood transfusions have been shown to represent an important source
      of nosocomial HIV infection in many African countries. Effective and relatively
      inexpensive measures to diminish the iatrogenic spread of HIV infection in
      developing countries are summarized.

PMID- 3372991
TI  - The multi-lumen catheter: proposed guidelines for its use.

PMID- 3372992
TI  - SHEA survey results--management of health care workers with HIV infection.

PMID- 3372993
TI  - Systemic immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces a
      predominant IgA2 response of peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases of both
      serum and secretory anti-pneumococcal antibodies.
AB  - Ig class-, and IgA and IgG subclass-specific immune responses to a 23 valent
      pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine were studied at a single-cell level in the
      peripheral blood of systemically immunized adults. With a solid phase enzyme
      linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, PBMC from immunized individuals were assayed
      for spontaneous Ag-specific antibody (Ab) production before, and on days 7, 14,
      and 28 after vaccination. On the day of immunization, no spontaneous Ag-specific
      Ab-secreting cells could be detected. On day 7 after vaccination, a high
      frequency of cells secreting Ab specific for pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS)
      was observed. The IgA class comprised 79% (geometric mean) of the Ag-specific Ab
      secreting cells, whereas IgG- and IgM-secreting cells accounted for 12% and 9%,
      respectively. The majority of Ag-specific IgA-secreting cells produced Ab of the
      IgA2 isotype. Serum, saliva, and tears collected before and on days 7, 14, and 28
      after vaccination were assayed for specific Ab to the vaccine (anti-PPS Ab) by an
      ELISA. Serum IgA anti-PPS Ab showed the highest increase after vaccination with a
      19-fold increase (geometric mean) which peaked on day 14. However, the ratio of
      Ag-specific polymeric vs monomeric IgA did not change after immunization. Serum
      IgG and IgM anti-PPS Ab displayed mean increases of 5.5-fold and 5.6-fold,
      respectively, on day 14. The most pronounced increase of salivary anti-PPS Ab was
      observed in the IgG class (4.5-fold on day 28) followed by IgM (4-fold on day
      28), IgA (2.0-fold on day 14), IgA1 (2.4-fold on day 14) and IgA2 (2.0-fold on
      day 14). The levels of total IgA, IgG, and IgM in saliva did not change
      significantly throughout the course of immunization. IgG and IgM anti-PPS Ab
      levels in tears increased less than in saliva, whereas IgA behaved similarly as
      in saliva. There were no significant differences in the Ag-specific increase
      rates between the IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes in tears.

PMID- 3372994
TI  - Analysis of a common inheritable idiotype in IgA-deficient sera using monoclonal
      antibodies.
AB  - In these studies we describe the production of three mAb raised to an idiotype on
      an IgG anticasein antibody isolated from the serum of one IgA-deficient blood
      donor. These are IgM kappa and block the binding of casein Ag to anticasein
      antibody. Sera of unrelated IgA-deficient donors were tested for the presence of
      the idiotype; 15 of 56 IgA-deficient sera (25%) contain the anticasein idiotype,
      whereas 1 of 45 normal sera was positive. Anticasein antibodies as a whole were
      predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclass; idiotype-positive anticaseins are
      predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. For IgA-deficient donors, the relative amount
      of idiotype-positive anticasein antibody was correlated with the level of
      anticasein present in the serum. Studies were done to investigate the potential
      inheritance of the idiotype in families; in three of four families the idiotype
      was inherited in an apparent autosomal dominant pattern. Our data show that a
      common cross-reactive idiotype can be detected in the sera of IgA-deficient
      individuals and their family members. This suggests that V region markers may be
      conserved in this humoral immunodeficiency disease.

PMID- 3372995
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreases expression of HLA class II molecules in a
      melanoma cell line.
AB  - An HLA class II-positive melanoma cell line, DU-Mel 17, was treated with three
      compounds known to induce differentiation in various cell lines. Neither retinoic
      acid nor dibutyryl cAMP altered levels of DR alpha mRNA, but 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) significantly decreased the level of DR alpha
      mRNA 48 h after treatment. Optimal effect of the hormone on DR alpha mRNA was
      reached by 72 h. DU-Mel 17 cells were responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose
      dependent manner, and a reduction in DR alpha mRNA was seen at concentrations as
      low as 5 x 10(-13) M. The action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on DR alpha mRNA levels was
      dependent on protein synthesis as evidenced by inhibition of its effect upon
      addition of cycloheximide. Both DR and DQ protein levels on the surface of DU-Mel
      17 were beginning to decline by 72 h after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, and by 96 h
      these proteins were decreased by 65%. 1,25(OH)2D3 was not capable of altering
      expression of class II molecules on three different class II-positive B
      lymphoblastoid cell lines, although one of these lines was shown to express the
      receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3. These findings are important because 1) there is no
      known physiologic regulator that actively down-regulates class II molecules that
      are present in and/or on cells, 2) levels of mRNA derived from a very limited
      number of genes are known to be altered by 1,25(OH)2D3, and 3) they support the
      contention that 1,25(OH)2D3 may alter the differentiation state of these cells
      and the activity of the normal counterpart of these cells in an immune response.

PMID- 3372996
TI  - Retroviral protein P15E and tumorigenesis. Expression is neither required nor
      sufficient for tumor development.
AB  - Murine tumor cells frequently express retroviral protein p15E, a protein with
      antiinflammatory activity. This has led to the hypothesis that p15E expression
      allows nascent tumor cells to escape host immunologic defenses. To evaluate the
      role of p15E expression in tumorigenesis, NIH3T3 cells transformed by various
      oncogenes and BALB/c lines transformed by carcinogens or SV40 were examined for
      p15E expression and tumorigenicity. All of the NIH3T3 transformants and most of
      the BALB/c transformants did not express p15E, indicating that transformation per
      se does not inevitably induce the expression of p15E. Although not expressing
      p15E, some of these transformants were capable of forming tumors in immune
      competent hosts, indicating that p15E is not universally required for tumor
      growth. Four of the transformed cell lines negative for p15E expression and
      deficient in tumor-forming capacity were transfected with a gene coding for
      Moloney retroviral p15E. Despite the expression of p15E, there was no
      augmentation of their tumorigenic capacity, showing that p15E is not sufficient
      to ensure tumor formation by a transformed cell. These results argue against a
      general role for retroviral p15E expression in tumorigenesis.

PMID- 3372997
TI  - Anti-tumor activity of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on mouse fibrosarcoma in
      vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The experiments presented were designed first to determine the effects of rTNF on
      the methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (FSA-1) in C3H/JSed mice and second
      to determine whether the observed effects are the result of direct action by rTNF
      on the tumor or whether rTNF acts as a mediator of other effector mechanisms.
      Mice received syngeneic FSA-1 fibrosarcoma cells either s.c. or i.v. in order to
      evaluate growth of transplantable solid tumor or lung metastases, respectively.
      The range of dosages, from 10(2) to 2 x 10(5) U of rTNF, was administered i.v. at
      different intervals after the tumor cell injection. Early injection of 10(3) to
      10(4) U of rTNF reduced the growth of s.c. injected tumor and the number of lung
      metastases in i.v. injected mice. In both cases, survival of mice was also
      prolonged. However, in vitro treatment of FSA-1 tumor cells with rTNF did not
      result in the reduction of their proliferating activity after injection into
      mice, although direct cytostatic and moderate cytotoxic activity of rTNF in vitro
      was demonstrated. To identify whether other cellular mechanisms are involved in
      the effects observed in vivo, the anti-tumor activity of rTNF-treated spleen
      cells was evaluated in vitro using a 75Se release assay. Whereas nontreated
      spleen cells demonstrated very low cytotoxic activity in this system, the cells
      from rTNF-treated mice showed marked increase in the cytotoxicity against
      syngeneic tumor cells. These results suggest that the anti-tumor activity of rTNF
      represents a combination of its direct effect on tumor cells and indirect effects
      involving host immune mechanisms.

PMID- 3372998
TI  - Murine graft vs host disease. A model for study of mechanisms that generate
      autoantibodies to ribonucleoproteins.
AB  - We established chronic graft vs host disease in (BALB/c x A/J) F1 mice with the
      injection of lymphoid cells from the parental A/J strain. These animals developed
      glomerulonephritis, forefoot edema, alopecia, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy
      to various degrees, and all developed antinuclear antibodies. To determine
      whether these antibodies were directed against the small nuclear
      ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles that are characteristic targets for
      autoimmune responses in human rheumatic diseases, sera were studied in the 32P
      immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting assays. Among 20 mice, antibodies to snRNP
      developed in 10. These antibodies usually reached maximal levels about 4 wk after
      induction of graft vs host disease and generally fell thereafter. However, two
      mice developed antibodies to snRNP between the 10th and 20th wk of follow-up.
      Sera from six mice strongly recognized the U1 snRNP and an additional serum
      strongly bound both the U1 and U3 particles. Several sera contained lower levels
      of antibodies specific for the U3 and possibly pre-U2 snRNP particles. In
      immunoblots, sera that immunoprecipitated the U1 snRNP bound epitopes located on
      its 70,000 Da, A, B'/B, and/or C polypeptides. Sera that immunoprecipitated the
      U3 snRNP recognized a 34,000-Da polypeptide. These polypeptides are known to bear
      the autoantigenic epitopes that are recognized by human sera containing anti-U1
      RNP and anti-U3 RNP autoantibodies. We conclude that chronic graft vs host
      disease in mice provides a model for the study of the autoimmune responses that
      characterize human diseases such as mixed connective tissue disease, scleroderma,
      and SLE.

PMID- 3372999
TI  - The binding of mouse hybridoma and human IgE antibodies to the major fecal
      allergen, Der p I, of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Relative binding site
      location and species specificity studied by solid-phase inhibition assays with
      radiolabeled antigen.
AB  - The relative binding site location and species specificity of 19 mouse hybridoma
      antibodies, produced in four laboratories, to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
      major fecal allergen, Der p I, was studied by using immobilized mAb and
      inhibitions of radiolabeled Ag binding. Four mAb groups were defined, within
      which 4, 6, 8, and 5 mAb, respectively, cross-inhibited each other. Five mAb were
      members of both group 2 and 3, demonstrating a considerable overlap of epitopes
      between the corresponding antibody-binding regions. The degree of mAb species
      specificity, as assessed by inhibition with cold Der p I and Ag Der m I and Der f
      I from the related species, Dermatophagoides microceras and Dermatophagoides
      farinae, was highly variable even for mAb binding to the same region on the Ag.
      Five cases of cross-reactivity between Der p I and Der m I and one case of cross
      reactivity between Der p I and Der f I were found. The N-terminal 30 amino acids
      of the three species showed 7 substitutions between Der p I and Der m I/Der f I
      and 2 between Der f I and Der p I/Der m I. Single mAb inhibited up to 65% of
      labeled Der p I binding to immobilized human IgE from allergic patients' sera and
      up to 24% of labeled Der p I binding to immobilized rabbit antibodies. The
      spectrum of species specificities in human IgE sera, as assessed by inhibitions
      with cold Ag, was similar to that of the mAb. No evidence for the presence of
      strictly sequential epitopes, reactive with either mAb or human IgE was found, as
      judged from the weak inhibitory activity of acid-denatured Der p I.

PMID- 3373000
TI  - Contaminant bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are recognised by
      antibodies in normal human serum and saliva.
AB  - Contamination of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      samples has commonly produced artefactual bands when sensitive detection systems,
      such as silver staining or immunoblotting procedures, have been used. Evidence
      suggests that these bands originate from human skin contamination of reagents and
      equipment. The presence of antibodies to contaminating bands, in serum and saliva
      samples from normal donors, detected in immunoblotting experiments, is described;
      the isotype distribution of these naturally occurring antibodies has also been
      investigated.

PMID- 3373001
TI  - A biotin-avidin sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of growth hormone in
      bovine plasma.
AB  - Purified pituitary bovine growth hormone (bGH) has been used to develop a
      homologous sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which affinity-purified
      antibodies are immobilized on microtiter plates. Bovine GH bound to specific
      antibody is then revealed with a second anti-bGH antibody labeled with biotin and
      peroxidase-conjugated avidin. The method requires only 48 h, including the
      coating step, and has a sensitivity as low as 0.25 ng/ml of bGH. Statistical
      analyses (test of parallelism, cross-reactivity among bGH and GH of various
      species and bovine prolactin, recovery test, within- and between-assay variation,
      comparison with radioimmunoassay) confirm the high specificity and
      reproducibility of the method.

PMID- 3373002
TI  - Chemotaxis and chemokinesis: confusion about definitions.

PMID- 3373003
TI  - Radioassays for quantitation of intact complement proteins C2 and B in human
      serum.
AB  - Availability of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies recognizing determinants on
      the major cleavage fragments of complement proteins C2 and B enabled development
      of sensitive radioassays which can be used to quantitate the intact proteins in
      human sera. Changes in C2 and B concentrations indicative of classical or
      alternative pathway activation, or both, were seen in normal serum after
      incubation with complement activators. We determined the normal range (mean +/- 2
      SD) of C2 concentration to be 11-35 micrograms/ml in 32 healthy individuals, and
      that of protein B to be 74-286 micrograms/ml. Sera from patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), septic shock, infections, and following orthopedic
      surgery were then assayed. Mean protein B concentration was significantly higher
      in SLE sera (P = 0.002) and in the infected and post-operative (acute-phase) sera
      (P less than 0.001), and the mean C2 concentration in the septic shock group (P
      less than 0.001) was significantly lower than the mean of healthy individuals.
      Intact C2 was not detected in known C2-deficient individuals. These assays allow
      parallel quantitation of the structurally and functionally homologous proteins of
      the classical (C2) and alternative (B) pathways, which is of interest in patients
      with genetic and acquired hypocomplementemia.

PMID- 3373005
TI  - Pathogenesis of the hyphomycete Tolypocladium cylindrosporum in the mosquito
      Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 3373004
TI  - A method of obtaining, processing, and analyzing human intestinal secretions for
      antibody content.
AB  - Human intestinal secretions can be readily obtained using a commercially
      available intestinal lavage solution. Although such secretions contained abundant
      protease activity, significant loss of immunoglobulins was prevented by the
      addition of a mixture of protease inhibitors. The total content of IgA, IgM, and
      IgG antibody in secretions was measured using sandwich ELISA. In the secretions
      of ten normal volunteers IgA was most abundant (197 micrograms/ml +/- 103 SD)
      followed by IgM (12.5 micrograms/ml +/- 6.8 SD) and IgG (0.24 micrograms/ml +/-
      0.04 SD). The IgA in secretions was predominantly secretory IgA as shown by
      sucrose density centrifugation. The effect of intestinal secretions on the
      sensitivity of the antigen-specific ELISA was tested by adding murine myeloma IgA
      anti-TNP added to samples of human secretions. IgA anti-TNP activity could be
      detected as low as 1 ng/ml, and there was no evidence of interference with the
      ELISA by other constituents in the secretions. Using these methods an antigen
      specific secretory IgA anti-cholera toxin B subunit response in the secretions of
      volunteers given an oral B subunit vaccine was readily demonstrated.

PMID- 3373006
TI  - Systemic infection of laboratory-reared Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca:
      Gastropoda) with an acid-fast bacillus.

PMID- 3373007
TI  - Relationship between shell height and a proliferative response of the amoebocyte
      producing organ in two species of Lymnaea (Gastropoda: Mollusca) infected by
      Fasciola hepatica.

PMID- 3373008
TI  - Occurrence of trematodes in nerves of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.

PMID- 3373010
TI  - The effect of cyclosporin A on epidermal cells. II. Cyclosporin A inhibits
      proliferation of normal and transformed keratinocytes.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the
      proliferation of activated T cells by blocking the production of interleukin 2.
      Recent studies have demonstrated that CSA also inhibits the proliferation of
      neoplastic cells of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin. CSA has also been
      reported to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis, which is characterized by
      epidermal hyperproliferation. As so many of the therapeutically effective agents
      in psoriasis are antiproliferative, we sought to determine whether CSA affects
      the proliferation of keratinocytes. We studied the effect of CSA on the
      proliferation of normal and transformed keratinocytes and demonstrated that CSA
      inhibits DNA synthesis and proliferation of keratinocytes. CSA also inhibits DNA
      synthesis of other neoplastic cells of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic origin.
      These findings indicate the CSA inhibits the proliferation of various cell types.

PMID- 3373009
TI  - Evidence for immunologic mechanisms in human vitiligo: patients' sera induce
      damage to human melanocytes in vitro by complement-mediated damage and antibody
      dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
AB  - Human vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder that is often associated with
      polyendocrinopathies. The etiology of vitiligo is unknown although there is
      indirect evidence of a strong association between antimelanocyte antibodies in
      animal and human vitiligo. We report direct evidence that vitiligo patients' sera
      containing antimelanocyte antibodies can lyse cultured human melanocytes by both
      complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
      Melanocyte cytotoxicity was measured using an ethidium bromide/acridine orange
      viability assay, after 4 and 16 h incubation with sera from vitiligo patients and
      from normal controls. Significant melanocyte cytotoxicity was seen with vitiligo
      patients' sera as an antibody source with both complement-mediated cytotoxicity
      (p less than 0.01) and ADCC (p less than 0.05) as effector mechanisms. Nine of 11
      vitiligo patients' sera produced cytotoxicity by complement-mediated lysis or
      ADCC. No cytotoxicity was seen using fibroblast targets and vitiligo patients'
      sera. The lysis of human melanocytes by vitiligo patients' sera by two different
      effector mechanisms provides direct support for the autoimmune hypothesis of
      human vitiligo.

PMID- 3373011
TI  - Hairless mouse skin is limited as a model for assessing the effects of
      penetration enhancers in human skin.
AB  - The permeability coefficient of 5-fluorouracil through human abdominal and
      hairless mouse skins was used as an indicator of the relative effects of 12-h
      pretreatment of the skins with either penetration-enhancer mixtures [including
      laurocapram (Azone), decylmethylsulfoxide, oleic acid, and propylene glycol] or
      saline (control). After treatment with saline, fluxes of 5-fluorouracil through
      the two skin types were similar, but the mouse skin showed exaggerated responses
      to all the penetration-enhancer formulations. There was no consistent
      relationship between enchancer effects on the two skin types, and we conclude
      that the hairless mouse model should not be used to predict the effects of
      penetration enhancers in human skin. After treatment with saline, hairless mouse
      skin sharply increased in permeability after approximately 50 h hydration,
      suggesting that the stratum corneum had started to disrupt, whereas the flux
      through human skin remained unchanged.

PMID- 3373012
TI  - Variations in excision repair of UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA of human
      skin in situ.
AB  - The excision repair kinetics of UVB (280-320 nm)*-induced pyrimidine dimers in
      DNA of human skin in situ was determined for seventeen volunteers using a dimer
      specific endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus in conjunction with agarose gel
      electrophoresis. Removal of pyrimidine dimers from human skin could be detected
      within 6 h after irradiation and the average half-life for removal of pyrimidine
      dimers was 11.0 h (+/- 4.3 h). However, there was significant inter-individual
      variability of repair as indicated by a half-life coefficient of variation of
      38%.

PMID- 3373013
TI  - An action spectrum for photoinduction of prolonged cutaneous photosensitivity by
      topical 8-MOP.
AB  - Suberythemogenic exposure of human skin treated with aqueous 8-MOP to radiation
      greater than 380 nm prolongs photosensitization to subsequent UVA from 6 to 24-72
      h. One hypothesis for prolonged photosensitization is that greater than 380 nm
      irradiation forms 8-MOP-DNA monoadducts, which are removed more slowly than free
      8-MOP and serve as a substrate for crosslinking by further UVA exposure.
      Sufficient DNA crosslinking results in erythema. We have examined this hypothesis
      by measuring the action spectrum for induction of prolonged photosensitization.
      Skin of normal volunteers was treated with aqueous 8-MOP (0.003%) and immediately
      received suberythemogenic monochromatic exposures between 334 and 430 nm. twenty
      four hours later, the presence of prolonged sensitization was tested by small
      exposures of UVA. Erythema was evaluated 3 and 5 d later, and an action spectrum
      for prolonged sensitization was determined. The minimum phototoxic dose (MPD) was
      also determined at each wavelength. The action spectrum for prolonged
      photosensitization declined gradually between 334 and 425 nm. The action spectrum
      for delayed erythema induced by a single exposure of 8-MOP-treated skin declined
      rapidly from 334-390 nm. These findings are consistent with prolonged binding of
      8-MOP in the skin by an initial exposure, possibly as 8-MOP-DNA monoadducts,
      allowing the second exposure to induce an erythemogenic event, possibly
      crosslinking of DNA.

PMID- 3373014
TI  - Differential effects of retinoids on DNA synthesis in calcium-regulated murine
      epidermal keratinocyte cultures.
AB  - To study the possibility that the state of proliferation of epidermal
      keratinocytes can influence the action of retinoids, the rate of proliferation of
      murine epidermal keratinocytes was manipulated by growing the cells in media
      containing high or low concentrations of Ca++. In contrast to what other
      investigators have reported, keratinocytes cultured in medium containing 1.4 mM
      Ca++ proliferate faster, instead of slower, than cells cultured in medium with
      0.09 mM Ca++. Other experiments showed that Ca++ was stimulatory to keratinocytes
      in medium containing a low level of growth factors, and inhibitory in medium
      containing a high level of growth factors, suggesting that the discrepancy could
      be due to a difference in the sera used. The high Ca++ cells prominently
      expressed the 48kD/56kD pair of keratin, showing that they were in a
      hyperproliferative state. Exposure of the faster growing high Ca++ cells to all
      trans retinoic acid, 13-cis retinoic acid, etretinate, etretin, and arotinoid
      ethyl ester caused dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis. In contrast,
      exposure of the slower growing low Ca++ cells to these retinoids resulted in dose
      dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis. In addition, all-trans retinoic acid
      caused dose-related increases in cell number in the low Ca++ cultures. These
      findings correlate with the reported differential effects of retinoids on normal
      and hyperproliferative epidermis, and suggest that Ca++ and low growth factor
      regulated keratinocyte cultures are useful for studying the mechanism of
      hyperproliferation and retinoid actions.

PMID- 3373016
TI  - Spotsize effects on guinea pig skin following pulsed irradiation.
AB  - Laser irradiation parameters such as wavelength, irradiance (W/cm2), and pulse
      duration have been clearly shown to influence the extent to which tissue is
      damaged. The careful choice of these parameters can result in confining laser
      injury to specific targets in tissue. Spotsize, a parameter not commonly
      appreciated in the application of lasers to medicine and surgery, has been shown,
      in this study, to contribute to the ultimate outcome of laser effects in tissue.
      A series of histological events occurring in the skin are demonstrated to be
      directly related to the effects of spotsize on tissue at a fixed exposure time
      and wavelength. Many of these changes could contribute to unwanted adverse
      effects, such as scarring, which occur following certain laser therapies.

PMID- 3373015
TI  - Selective incorporation of thiouracil into murine metastatic melanomas.
AB  - The uptake and retention of 14C-thiouracil and 125I-thiouracil in small lung
      metastases of B16 murine melanoma was studied in beige mice injected
      intravenously with melanoma cells. By impulse counting of excised tumor and organ
      pieces, a high concentration of radioactivity was found in the lung metastases,
      as compared to normal tissues. The highest tumor/organ concentration ratios
      appeared 24 h after injection of the radiolabeled thiouracil. A separate
      autoradiographic study on the disposition of 14C-thiouracil in mice with melanoma
      metastases confirmed the impulse counting results and also showed the absence of
      any other site of retention of radioactivity except for hair follicles and to
      some extent the thyroid. The selective uptake of 14C- and 125I-thiouracil in
      melanomas depends on their acceptance as false melanin precursors, making them
      specific markers for growing melanin. The results indicate that radiolabeled
      thiouracil may be useful for clinical diagnosis and, possibly, therapy of
      malignant melanotic melanomas.

PMID- 3373017
TI  - Class II MHC antigen expression by keratinocytes results from lymphoepidermal
      interactions.

PMID- 3373018
TI  - Risk factors for community- and household-acquired pertussis during a large-scale
      outbreak in central Wisconsin.
AB  - To identify risk factors associated with community- and household-acquired
      pertussis, we studied 61 households (HHs) with members with culture-positive
      illnesses and compared their characteristics with 58 neighborhood control-HHs and
      62 randomly selected control-HHs. Case-HHs were more likely than either control
      group to have members 12-18 y of age (P less than .01); these individuals
      accounted for 34% of all primary cases. A history of exposure outside the home
      was the most important predictor of community-acquired infection (P less than
      .001), with adolescents being at higher risk than other age-groups (odds ratio,
      3.2; P less than .001). After known exposure to a culture-positive case in the
      same HH, the risk of illness was unrelated to age; lengthy delays in initiating
      erythromycin therapy and prophylaxis were the only factors associated with
      secondary spread (P less than .01). The risk of pertussis may be related more to
      the likelihood of exposure than to age-related increases in susceptibility, and
      the risk can be reduced with appropriate use of erythromycin.

PMID- 3373019
TI  - Genes associated with the G2m(23) immunoglobulin allotype regulate the IgG
      subclass responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine.
AB  - We determined whether genes associated with the G2m(23) allotype, a genetic
      marker on IgG2 molecules, influence the subclass composition of the antibody
      response to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. After
      immunizing 70 white adults, the geometric means (GMs) of the total, IgG, IgG1,
      and IgG2 antibody concentrations increased approximately 10-fold over
      preimmunization concentrations. There was no significant difference in the GMs of
      the total, IgG, or IgG1 antibody concentrations in postimmunization sera from
      subjects positive versus those negative for G2m(23). Adults positive for G2m(23)
      had a GM IgG2 concentration more than threefold higher than that of negative
      subjects (P less than .001). The antibody responses of 61 Amish adults immunized
      with type b polysaccharide vaccine were also analyzed. Those adults positive for
      G2m(23) had a higher GM serum IgG2 response to capsule than did those who were
      negative (P less than .01). These data indicate that genes associated with the
      G2m(23) locus regulate the IgG subclass composition of the antibody response to
      H. influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine.

PMID- 3373020
TI  - Food-borne botulism in Alaska, 1947-1985: epidemiology and clinical findings.
AB  - We reviewed records of all food-borne outbreaks of botulism in Alaska from 1947
      through 1985. Fifty-nine confirmed or suspected outbreaks with 156 cases were
      reported. All outbreaks occurred in Alaska Natives and were associated with
      eating traditional Alaska Native foods. Forty-four (75%) of the outbreaks were
      laboratory confirmed and involved 133 persons. The overall annual incidence of
      confirmed or suspected botulism was 8.6 cases per 100,000 population. Seventeen
      persons died, an overall case-fatality rate of 11%. Type E toxin accounted for 32
      (73%) laboratory-confirmed outbreaks; type A, six (14%); and type B, five (11%).
      Forty-one cases demonstrated botulinal toxin in one or more specimens (serum,
      gastric contents, or stool). Of the 41 botulinal toxin-positive persons, 38 (93%)
      had at least three of the commonly recognized pentad of signs or symptoms--nausea
      and vomiting, dysphagia, diplopia, dilated and fixed pupils, or dry mouth and
      throat--and 20 (49%) required respiratory assistance.

PMID- 3373021
TI  - Clinical and microbiological features of infection with Malassezia pachydermatis
      in high-risk infants.
AB  - Malassezia pachydermatis, a yeast that has not previously been implicated as a
      cause of human disease, was isolated from cultures of blood from three infants.
      All infants were 25-27 w of gestational age and had multiple underlying medical
      problems. The infants had been hospitalized for at least six weeks, had received
      broad-spectrum antibiotics, and had received parenteral lipid nutrition via a
      central venous catheter. In one patient, fungemia was accompanied by clinical and
      laboratory evidence of Broviac catheter infection. During a three-year period, M.
      pachydermatis was also recovered from fungal cultures of an additional 30
      patients, 85% of whom were infants. A pathogenic role for M. pachydermatis
      recovered from sources other than blood or catheters was not established. Risk
      factors for and symptoms in infants with M. pachydermatis fungemia appeared to be
      similar to those described for Malassezia furfur sepsis.

PMID- 3373022
TI  - Use of purified parasite proteins from Leishmania donovani for the rapid
      serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
AB  - Serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) due to Leishmania donovani by using
      crude parasite antigen is complicated in many endemic areas because of cross
      reactions with sera from humans with Chagas' disease. We used affinity-purified
      parasite proteins to develop a direct dot-blot assay for VL. Double-blind tests
      were carried out on sera from 40 patients with well-documented VL, from controls
      in endemic areas, and from patients with other diseases. Using gp70-2, 36 (90.0%)
      of 40 sera from patients with kala azar were correctly diagnosed; 1 (1.2%) of 86
      sera from patients without kala azar was misdiagnosed. With dp72, 21 (100%) of 21
      sera from patients with VL were correctly identified; 5 (7.0%) of 71 negative
      sera were misdiagnosed. None of the 18 sera from patients with Chagas' disease
      reacted positively against gp70-2. Our assay is rapid, simple, and specific and
      represents a new method for reliably diagnosing and monitoring VL.

PMID- 3373024
TI  - Follow-up study of individuals with untreated Campylobacter pylori-associated
      gastritis and of noninfected persons with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 3373023
TI  - Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of chronic typhoid carriers.

PMID- 3373025
TI  - Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis in biopsied tissue specimens by using in situ
      DNA hybridization.

PMID- 3373026
TI  - Killing of Giardia lamblia trophozoites by human intestinal fluid in vitro.

PMID- 3373028
TI  - Further characterization of the Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine strain.

PMID- 3373027
TI  - Ricin injection eliminates latent herpes simplex virus in the mouse.

PMID- 3373029
TI  - Acute polyradiculoneuritis associated with typhoid fever.

PMID- 3373030
TI  - Successful treatment of gonococcal endocarditis with ceftriaxone.

PMID- 3373031
TI  - Prosthetic hip infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

PMID- 3373032
TI  - A correlation between ovarian follicular maturity and anchorage-independent
      growth of bovine granulosa cells.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that a subset of bovine ovarian granulosa cells can
      proliferate to form clones of functional cells in suspension in a semisolid agar
      matrix, without the requirement for attachment to the substratum. These
      clonogenic anchorage-independent granulosa cells are responsive to epidermal
      growth factor and exhibit properties of a primitive progenitor cell population.
      We have used this assay system to analyze the proliferation of granulosa cells
      during ovarian follicular maturation. As the follicle increases in size, there is
      a progressive decline in the ability of granulosa cells to clone in agar, and the
      proliferative potential of these cells as measured by colony size also decreases.
      The ratio of large colonies with high proliferative potential (greater than 250
      micron in diameter) to small colonies with limited capacity for growth falls from
      1.92 in follicles less than 7 mm in diameter, to 0.32 in follicles larger than 10
      mm in diameter. This occurs as the follicular content of granulosa cells with
      more limited capacity for clonal growth in agar undergoes expansion. Analysis of
      colony-forming cells in follicles harvested at early and late estrus suggests
      that these cells are regulated by complex intraovarian factors rather than
      circulating gonadotropin levels. Our data indicate that the granulosa cell
      lineage is an age-structured continuum of maturing and differentiating cells with
      a progressively restricted proliferative capacity.

PMID- 3373034
TI  - Characterization of two clones isolated from the TC-1 murine marrow stromal cell
      line: growth factor and retrovirus production and physical support of
      hemopoiesis.
AB  - We previously reported the isolation of an adherent murine marrow cell line
      termed TC-1, and the initial characterization of two subclones derived from this
      line. In this study we report a further characterization of two subclones from
      the non-cloned TC-1 cell line. One subclone, TC-1-C-3, consisted of large, slow
      growing syncytial polypoid cells that grew to relatively low saturation
      densities, did not form colonies in soft agar and showed desmosome-like
      junctions. The other subclone, TC-1-C-11, consisted of smaller, rapidly growing
      fibroblast-like diploid cells which showed anchorage-independent growth in soft
      agar. Both these subclones produced growth factors which stimulated giant
      macrophage colonies in soft agar culture in vitro, but only the TC-1-C-3 subclone
      produced a retrovirus, whose source was most likely the endogenous ecotropic Emv
      2 provirus present in chromosomal DNA in C57BL mice. This retrovirus from the TC
      1-C-3 subclone did not appear capable of transforming TC-1-C-11 cells. Together,
      these data suggest that TC-1-C-3 cells have a special capacity for supporting
      hemopoiesis. The question of whether the mechanism of this support relates to an
      intrinsic property of the cell or is possibly related to retrovirus production
      remains unanswered.

PMID- 3373033
TI  - Observations on the contributions of environmental restraints and innate stem
      cell ability to hematopoietic regeneration.
AB  - A competitive repopulation assay utilizing chromosome markers was used to assay
      the reconstituting potential of hematopoietic populations. The test populations
      consisted of tibial murine marrow locally irradiated with doses ranging from 1.5
      Gy to 8.5 Gy and of marrow generated from either murine splenic or marrow stem
      cells. The purpose of this assay was to assess the innate proliferative potential
      and microenvironmental influences on the ability to repopulate. Regardless of
      origin, spleen repopulating ability consistently agreed with spleen colony
      forming unit (CFU-s) content. Doses of radiation from 5 Gy to 8.5 Gy diminished,
      by a factor of 2, the ability to repopulate marrow despite maintenance of CFU-s
      levels. Marrow generated from splenic stem cells had one-fifth the repopulating
      ability of marrow derived from marrow stem cells, even though CFU-s levels were
      equivalent. The results imply that the splenic environment can only maintain stem
      cells at the level of the CFU-s, even if the stem cells were originally of higher
      quality, and that their original potential cannot be regained in a marrow
      environment. Nevertheless, the marrow can maintain more primitive stem cells, but
      this reserve is drained to support CFU-s levels.

PMID- 3373035
TI  - The international network of science.

PMID- 3373036
TI  - High colony-forming efficiency of primary human tumor cells cultured in the
      adhesive-tumor-cell culture system: improvements with medium and serum
      alterations.
AB  - The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of primary human tumor cells cultured in the
      adhesive-tumor-cell culture system (ATCCS) using Ham's F12 (F12) or Eagle's
      minimum essential medium, alpha modification (alphaMEM) and culture medium
      supplemented with either swine, equine or bovine sera were compared. AlphaMEM
      supplemented with equine serum provided the highest CFE of the combinations. The
      CFE increase due to the change from F12 to alphaMEM was approximately 5-fold, and
      the increase due to the change in serum from swine to equine was approximately 2
      fold. Cytokeratin staining showed that this increase was not due to fibroblast
      growth. The high-average CFE with alphaMEM, approximately 3%, means that an
      inoculum of only 2 X 10(3) cells is needed to achieve formation of approximately
      65 colonies in control cultures, thereby increasing the performance of this
      system when used in a chemosensitivity assay.

PMID- 3373037
TI  - Evaluation of serum HDL cholesterol fraction in bilharzial infection, infective
      hepatitis and obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 3373038
TI  - The commensal rodents and their flea fauna in Alexandria City, Egypt.

PMID- 3373039
TI  - Study on the influence of entomophilous nematodes on Spodoptera littoralis
      (Boisduval).

PMID- 3373040
TI  - Human aural myiasis in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3373041
TI  - On the helminth parasites of rodents in the Eastern Delta. 2. A review of the
      cestode genus Hydatigera Lamarch, 1816.

PMID- 3373042
TI  - Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among simple and late cases of bilharziasis.

PMID- 3373043
TI  - Study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites among mentally retarded children.

PMID- 3373044
TI  - Serum zinc, copper, magnesium and iron in cases of ancylostoma anaemia in Egypt.

PMID- 3373045
TI  - Serum fatty acid changes in typhoid fever and bilharzial hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 3373046
TI  - Experimental toxoplasmosis: effect of ambient temperature on lungs.

PMID- 3373047
TI  - Study on some opportunistic parasitic infections in Egyptian diabetic patients.

PMID- 3373048
TI  - Kala azar in early infancy in Macca, Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3373049
TI  - On two digenetic trematodes from Bufo regularis in Egypt.

PMID- 3373050
TI  - Vaginal secretory immunoglobulins and cell-mediated immune response in human
      trichomoniasis.

PMID- 3373051
TI  - Study of the prevalence of amoebiasis among university students.

PMID- 3373052
TI  - The effect of praziquantel on Heterophyes heterophyes, Hymenolepis nana and
      Fasciola sp. infections.

PMID- 3373054
TI  - Use and limitations of the enterotest in the diagnosis of Giardia lamblia.

PMID- 3373053
TI  - Hepatitis B surface antigen in serum, ascitic fluid and saliva in advanced
      hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

PMID- 3373055
TI  - The antibodies detected by the dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in different
      histopathological pictures of cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

PMID- 3373056
TI  - Investigation into the presence of Leishmania antibodies in patients with
      hepatosplenomegaly.

PMID- 3373057
TI  - Pathogenicity of the nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev in relation to
      different insect hosts.

PMID- 3373058
TI  - Parasitic diseases in El Korean, Sharkyia Governorate with evaluation of some
      methods used in stool examination.

PMID- 3373059
TI  - Toxoplasma seropositivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3373060
TI  - Dissemination of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis in Assir Province,
      Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3373061
TI  - Linguatula serrata Frohlich, 6789--a case report of larvae among sheep and goats
      in Egypt.

PMID- 3373062
TI  - A case of human coccidiosis.

PMID- 3373063
TI  - Studies on Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt.

PMID- 3373064
TI  - The ionic content of parasitic cysts in man, camel and sheep in Riyadh, Saudi
      Arabia.

PMID- 3373065
TI  - Parasitic infection among two different communities of primary school children in
      Dakahlia Governorate.

PMID- 3373066
TI  - Evaluation of various methods in the diagnosis of G. lamblia infections.

PMID- 3373067
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus--human endothelial cell interactions.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus is an invasive pathogen capable of causing life-threatening
      disease. A major component of this pathogen's virulence is its ability to invade
      normal endovascular tissue. We examined the interaction of S. aureus with
      cultured human endothelial cells and with human and rabbit endovascular tissue.
      Our ultrastructural study demonstrated a sequence of steps which occurred with
      staphylococcal invasion of human endothelial cells; adhesion, endocytosis, and
      intracellular replication. Ultimately, this resulted in cell disruption and
      death. Cytochemical staining of lysosomes demonstrated lysosomal fusion with both
      viable and killed intracellular bacteria without evidence of staphylococcal
      degradation. Quantitative studies using an in vitro infection assay demonstrated
      comparable rates of adhesion by viable and ultraviolet-killed bacteria,
      phagocytosis at a slower rate, and intracellular replication. The present study
      demonstrates an active role for the endothelial cell in the development and
      spread of endovascular staphylococcal infections. It also supports the use of
      this in vitro tissue culture system as a model for the study of bacterial
      invasion of the endothelium.

PMID- 3373068
TI  - Selective binding of colloidal gold-protein conjugates to secretory granules of
      granular skin glands and myelin sheaths in the skin of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Colloidal gold-protein conjugates are widely used in immunoelectron microscopical
      studies as general "second antibody" markers. This report demonstrates that
      colloidal gold conjugated with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG), protein A,
      and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binds selectively to secretory granules of
      granular skin glands and myelin sheaths in the skin of Xenopus laevis. The gold
      labeling pattern was identical whether goat anti-mouse IgG, protein A, or BSA was
      used to stabilize the colloidal gold sols. Selective labeling over secretory
      granules of granular skin glands and myelin sheaths with colloidal gold alone was
      also observed. Such selective labeling could be prevented by increasing the ionic
      strength (elevation of NaCl content up to 30%) of the washing buffers and the
      diluent of the antibody. These results demonstrate that secretory granules of
      granular skin glands and myelin sheaths in the skin of X. laevis have affinity
      for colloidal gold-protein conjugates and may bind to the charged gold particles
      electrostatically.

PMID- 3373069
TI  - Formation of the microtubule bundle and helical shaping of the spermatid in the
      common finch, Lonchura striata var. domestica.
AB  - Spermiogenesis in the common finch with special reference to the role of
      microtubules constituting the microtubule bundle was examined. Microtubules first
      appear in a loosely grouped cluster which helically surrounds the spherical
      nucleus. Concurrently with the formation of a single helical bundle of
      microtubules, the nucleus first assumes a helical shape. With a change in
      microtubular array, the ridge surface of the nuclear helix becomes flattened and
      depressed; the gyres of the nuclear helix increase in number. During helical
      shaping of the acrosome, the microtubule bundle is closely associated with the
      posterior one gyre of the acrosomal helix with the same pitch as in the nuclear
      helix. At the completion of acrosomal shaping, the microtubule bundle is
      separated from the acrosome by the Sertoli cell process. The microtubule bundle
      completely disappears in the mature spermatid. It is suggested that microtubules
      play an important role in helical shaping of the acrosome and nucleus.

PMID- 3373070
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for morphological specificity in isolated bovine retinal
      capillary basement membranes.
AB  - Because of its relative availability, large size, and presumed similarity to
      human, the bovine retina has been used by numerous investigators as a source of
      vessels, cells, and basement membranes (BMs) for biochemical analyses and in
      vitro studies of cells and extracellular matrix. Careful morphological studies of
      these vessels and their associated BMs, however, have not been done. Accordingly,
      we carried out experimental ultrastructural studies in an effort to show their
      cellular composition, their histoarchitectural relationships within retinal
      capillary walls, and the disposition and features of their isolated BMs. Our
      study shows that these vessels are complex, multicomponent structures composed of
      endothelial cells and intramural pericytes, which frequently communicate via
      direct cell/cell contacts, and a system of BMs. The latter includes continuous
      Muller cell BMs, interrupted subendothelial BMs, and pericytic BMs with masses of
      pericytic matrix (PCM) intervening. Isolated subendothelial BMs are remarkable
      for fenestrations, selective susceptibility to nonspecific proteases, and high
      density of ruthenium red (RR)-positive anionic sites. On the contrary, Muller
      cell BMs are continuous (completely surrounding retinal capillaries), relatively
      refractory to proteases, and show significantly fewer anionic sites by RR.
      Acellular capillary BMs frequently show ghost-like "pockets" previously occupied
      by pericytes. These are surrounded by pericytic BMs and interstitial spaces are
      "filled-in" by a BM-like material (PCM) which frequently contains striated
      collagen fibrils and is positionally and morphologically homologous to glomerular
      mesangial matrix. These data indicate that tissue specificity of BMs may be far
      more precise than previously thought and that each capillary BM leaflet may
      possess a peculiar macromolecular architecture commensurate with its specific
      function.

PMID- 3373071
TI  - Proteoglycan in fast-frozen, freeze-dried, plastic-embedded rabbit arteries.
AB  - In contrast to glutaraldehyde-fixed vascular tissue with or without staining with
      cationic dye, the nonfibrous extracellular matrix of fast-frozen, freeze-dried
      rabbit aorta and renal artery contained a continuous reticulum of fine filaments,
      closely associated with collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells. Three
      morphologically distinct types of filament were distinguished; one type was
      selectively sensitive to chondroitinase ABC degradation, and therefore contains
      chondroitin and/or dermatan sulfate. The remaining filaments of the reticulum may
      represent the protein core of the proteoglycan monomer, and the hyaluronic acid
      backbone of the aggregate. Filaments associated with the surface of smooth muscle
      cells were usually linked to a continuous filament parallel to the cell surface,
      which was degraded by heparitinase and therefore contains heparan sulfate. The
      filaments linked directly to the cell surface were not degraded by either enzyme.
      The preservation of PG in fast-frozen material provides a significant improvement
      over that obtained by any presently available technique.

PMID- 3373072
TI  - [Evaluation of osteoporosis associated with menopause and oophorectomy by
      microdensitometry].
AB  - Osteoporosis is one of the diseases affecting the elderly that is receiving
      increasing attention. The present study employed microdensitometry (MD) to
      evaluate osteoporosis in a relatively younger group of persons aged less than 60.
      The relationship of this disease to menopause or a history of oophorectomy was
      also studied. Of 149 cases, this condition was recognized in 33 (22.1%),
      demonstrating the effectiveness of the MD method. Of 41 premenopausal subjects,
      osteoporosis was recognized in 8, (19.5%), as compared to 5 of 36 postmenopausal
      subjects (13.9%), suggesting that the prevalence of this condition was also low
      in the postmenopausal group and thus suggesting that the menopause was not
      necessarily a point of importance in the development of this condition.
      Furthermore the condition was recognized in 20 of 72 cases (27.8%) with a history
      of total oophorectomy, showing a higher rate than in either the premenopausal or
      postmenopausal groups. In addition a direct correlation was recognized between
      the prevalence of osteoporosis and the period since total oophorectomy. These
      results suggested a strong relationship between total oophorectomy and the
      occurrence of osteoporosis.

PMID- 3373073
TI  - [Effects of cryoprotectants and sucrose dilution on the survival of unfertilized
      and fertilized mouse eggs after freezing and thawing].
AB  - We have studied the methods of cryopreservation and dilution of the unfertilized
      and fertilized eggs of ICR mouse. To improve the survival rate, we examined 8
      types of methods with various combination of cryoprotectants, dilutions and
      cooling rates. The highest survival rate for unfertilized eggs was obtained when
      1.5 M dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) + 0.25 M sucrose was added to PBS as a
      cryoprotectant and when the eggs were diluted by adding PBS with 0.5 M sucrose at
      room temperature at 5-minute intervals in 5 steps. The total survival rate was
      45.4% (p less than 0.01). In the case of fertilized eggs, the highest survival
      rate (72.6%) was obtained with 10% glycerol + 0.25 M sucrose as a cryoprotectant
      and a One-step dilution method. The most effective cooling rate was 0.3 degrees C
      per minute for either unfertilized or fertilized eggs.

PMID- 3373074
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the female patients].
AB  - With recent advances in the development of detection methods, the number of STD
      (Sex transmitted disease) cases detected is greater than ever. Among many STD,
      Chlamydia trachomatis (= CT), a microbe that has been given a great deal of
      attention in the urologic field as a cause of nonspecific urethritis and has a
      characteristic life cycle, has been gradually proved to exist commonly and to
      become a cause of various obstetrical and gynecological diseases. However, as it
      is clinically still unknown which symptoms are actually influenced by CT, we
      studied infection with CT in 706 cases, consists of a group of patients with some
      symptoms and an asymptomatic group mainly consisting of pregnant women. As a
      result, the positive rate was found to be 12.3% (87 cases); 10.8% (21 out of 194)
      in asymptomatic pregnant women, 11.0% (13 out of 118) in patients with
      cervicitis, and 14.9% (30 out of 202) in patients with adnexitis including PID.
      As to age, the positive rate was highest, 23.1%, in patients under 20 years old.
      In fact, 1) CT positive pregnant women are not rare, and 2) CT was detected in
      high frequency in the young generation under 20 years old; and in these young
      women, the possibility of transmission of the disease to the infant in the birth
      canal should be considered in connection with future pregnancy and delivery.
      Tubal sterility may also result. We concluded that it was necessary to establish
      a satisfactory examination system.

PMID- 3373075
TI  - [Identification and characterization of a human sperm coating antigen isolated
      from sperm cell membrane].
AB  - An antigenic spermatozoal polypeptide was identified from nonionic detergent
      solubilized membrane material of sperm cells by using a human seminal plasma
      specific rabbit antiserum. The radiolabeled sperm cell membrane preparation was
      subjected to gel filtration and gel fractions were assayed for the binding
      activity with antiseminal plasma antiserum. The immune complex of the peak
      fraction of the binding was applied on SDS-PAGE, and the antigen was estimated to
      be a single polypeptide of approximately 12,000 daltons. The inhibition assay of
      the binding revealed that the antigen is present in sperm, seminal plasma, and
      milk, but is absent from any other organs and tissues except male genital tracts.
      Seminal plasma showed the largest amount of the activity, suggesting that this
      antigen is a sperm coating antigen. In seminal plasma, the antigen molecule
      present in a large form with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons.
      The antigenicity was stable when treated with heat, acid, alkali and various
      protein denaturants. The characteristics of the present antigen are very similar
      to those of lactoferrin and ferrisplan, the other sperm coating antigens common
      to milk. However, they are quite different in molecular weight, and no cross
      reactivity was found between the present antigen and lactoferrin or ferrisplan.

PMID- 3373076
TI  - [A histologic and functional evaluation of non-villous trophoblasts in the basal
      plate of human placenta].
AB  - This investigation of trophoblasts (Trs) in early gestation was performed by
      histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the Trs of the basal plate,
      decidua and myometrium, in an attempt to determine the changes in structure and
      function dependent on their location. The structural evaluation was performed by
      both light and electron microscopy and the functional evaluation by the
      localization of hCG, its subunits and hPL. In the syncytiotrophoblastic cell
      layer both hCG, its subunits and hPL are localized intracellularly. In the
      decidua, the so-called invasive Trs, only hPL could be detected. Histologically,
      the Trs in the deeper decidua tend to coalesce and become multinucleated. Thus,
      villous Trs and invasive Trs differ not only structurally, but also functionally,
      as can be seen by the differences in the synthesis of hCG and hPL, leading to the
      assumption that Trs have varying functions dependent upon their location.

PMID- 3373077
TI  - Comparison of maternal and fetal serum IgG levels at birth.
AB  - During a 10-year period ending December 1986, 4,702 pairs of fetal and maternal
      serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were measured and compared. Serum IgG levels
      were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in fetal cord blood (1,320 +/- 220
      mg/dl) than in the maternal circulating blood (1,150 +/- 210 mg/dl). Maternal and
      fetal serum IgG levels were correlated (r = 0.63). And the linear regression was
      Y = 0.64X + 580. When compared on a seasonal basis, both maternal and fetal serum
      IgG levels rose in winter. In an annual comparison, both serum IgGs demonstrated
      a seven to eight year cyclic change. The author suggest that these trends may
      have an effect on the course of certain epidemic infections diseases.

PMID- 3373078
TI  - Immunocytochemical detection of S-phase cells in gynecologic malignancies using
      anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3373079
TI  - [Intraarterial infusion of oncostasis in patients with recurrent cervical
      cancer].

PMID- 3373080
TI  - A field trial among leprosy patients in Nigeria with depot injections of dapsone
      and monoacetyldapsone.
AB  - In two field trials in Nigeria, 74 male and female leprosy outpatients received
      intra-adipose depot injections of either dapsone (DDS) or monoacetyldapsone
      (MADDS) at 4-week intervals. Blood samples were taken regularly and sent to
      Amsterdam to determine the DDS and MADDS concentrations in serum using high
      pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The DDS injection yielded a good sustained
      drug release. After repeated administration accumulation occurred, demonstrated
      by a statistically significant increase in the area under the curve (AUC) in
      time: until 28 days after the first injection, the mean AUC (+/- S.D.) amounted
      to 19.3 +/- 5.6 mg d/l in males and 15.1 +/- 5.2 in females; after the fourth
      injection, 26.4 +/- 7.5 and 24.6 +/- 9.0 mg d/l, respectively (p less than
      0.001). One male patient developed an abscess at the injection site; otherwise no
      side effects were observed. Even better sustained-release results were observed
      with the MADDS injection. Unfortunately, the injection caused a number of
      abscesses. Consequently, the DDS injection was very well received by the patients
      of the DDS study, while half of the patients in the MADDS study would prefer
      tablets to the MADDS injection. Further investigations are required to find the
      cause of the abscesses before one of the injections, or possibly a combination of
      both, could be implemented in the multi-drug treatment regimen proposed by WHO to
      provide a valuable tool to combat noncompliance among leprosy patients.

PMID- 3373081
TI  - Treatment regimens in paucibacillary leprosy.

PMID- 3373082
TI  - Photoactivated topical 8-methoxypsoralen in repigmentation of a tuberculoid
      leprosy lesion.

PMID- 3373083
TI  - A family with histoid leprosy.

PMID- 3373084
TI  - Lupus and lepros.

PMID- 3373085
TI  - Facies leprosa: resorption of maxillary anterior alveolar bone and the anterior
      nasal spine in patients with lepromatous leprosy in Mali.
AB  - Resorption of the anterior nasal spine and alveolar bone in the anterior maxilla
      was measured in 39 patients with lepromatous leprosy in Mali. Bone resorption
      occurred in both of these sites, but resorption in one did not predict resorption
      in the other. These data are interpreted to mean that resorptions of bone
      anterior (nasal spine) or inferior (alveolar bone) to bacillary populations in
      the nasal mucosa of patients with lepromatous disease in Mali occur
      independently.

PMID- 3373086
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of cutaneous nerve biopsy in primary neuritic leprosy.
AB  - The role of nerve biopsy in the diagnosis of primary neuritic leprosy was
      evaluated in a study of 77 patients who had symptoms of peripheral neuropathy
      without hypopigmented patches, positive skin smears, or a skin biopsy consistent
      with leprosy. A biopsy of a representative cutaneous nerve near the site of the
      neurological deficit was taken for histopathological examination and acid-fast
      staining. Nearly half of the patients had leprosy confirmed by nerve biopsy, and
      the entire spectrum of leprosy was represented. No significant relationship was
      seen by age or sex or type of neuropathy. The duration of symptoms did not
      correlate with the severity of nerve damage as seen histologically. The
      probability of false-positive or false-negative results is discussed in light of
      clinical management. Being a relatively simple office procedure, a cutaneous
      nerve biopsy is strongly recommended as an important diagnostic tool,
      particularly for primary neuritic leprosy.

PMID- 3373087
TI  - A second sooty mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy: first reported
      possible monkey-to-monkey transmission.
AB  - The existence of naturally acquired leprosy in a second sooty mangabey monkey has
      been documented. The disease has the clinical and histopathological
      characteristics of subpolar lepromatous leprosy (LLs), and microbiological
      studies thus far confirm the etiologic agent as Mycobacterium leprae. This
      mangabey had been housed in direct contact with the first mangabey in which
      naturally acquired leprosy was diagnosed in 1979. Clinical symptoms appeared in
      the second mangabey in 1986, almost 7 years after the appearance of skin lesions
      in the first monkey. It is likely that the second mangabey contracted leprosy
      from the first mangabey or that both animals contracted the disease by contact
      with an unknown common third source. This is the only known possible natural
      transmission of leprosy from monkey to monkey, and suggests that a potential
      zoonosis exists in wild monkeys that may serve as a reservoir for the disease in
      areas where human leprosy is endemic.

PMID- 3373088
TI  - [Relationship between the concentration of asbestos bodies and the pleural
      plaques in the chest X-ray].

PMID- 3373089
TI  - [Evaluation of infarct-related coronary artery in the early hours after acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3373090
TI  - [A case of acute renal failure after eating the raw gallbladder of a carp].

PMID- 3373091
TI  - [A clinical case report of adult Arnold-Chiari malformation diagnosed by the
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)].

PMID- 3373092
TI  - [A case of polymyositis associated with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis].

PMID- 3373093
TI  - [Clinical significance of serum myoglobin by a latex agglutination method in
      acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3373094
TI  - [A case of pemphigus vulgaris with thymoma].

PMID- 3373095
TI  - [Reye syndrome in an adult].

PMID- 3373096
TI  - [A family of hereditary xanthinuria: two siblings with peptic ulcer and
      hypouricemia due to xanthine oxidase deficiency, and a heterozygote (father) with
      gout].

PMID- 3373097
TI  - [Effect of salt loading on intracellular sodium concentration in erythrocytes and
      lymphocytes of patients with essential hypertension].

PMID- 3373098
TI  - [A case of polyarteritis confirmed by histological demonstration of testicular
      arterial lesions].

PMID- 3373099
TI  - [A case of pachydermoperiostosis with Bartter's syndrome].

PMID- 3373100
TI  - [Central pontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of hyponatremia:
      diagnosis by CT scan].

PMID- 3373101
TI  - [A case of non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma with sensory aphasia, focal seizure and
      hemiparesis].

PMID- 3373102
TI  - [Two cases of acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome induced by nonsteroidal
      anti-inflammatory drugs].

PMID- 3373103
TI  - [A case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) confirmed by demonstration of toxic shock
      syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in the serum].

PMID- 3373104
TI  - Methanethiol and derivatives in hepatic failure.

PMID- 3373105
TI  - Iron metabolism by smokers' alveolar macrophages: protective or problematic in
      the lung?

PMID- 3373106
TI  - Methanethiol metabolism in whole blood.
AB  - The metabolism of methanethiol in whole blood has been described. Incubation of
      carbon 14-labeled or sulfur 35-labeled gaseous methanethiol resulted in complete
      trapping of methanethiol by whole blood within 30 minutes. After trapping, both
      labels were found to be equally distributed over plasma and erythrocytes. Eighty
      to ninety percent of both labels could be extracted from erythrocytes incubated
      in saline solution. The chemical properties of the 14C and 35S labels in saline
      solution differed completely. The 14C label was not precipitated by BaCl2, was
      moderately volatile, and could be extracted by either (pH 1). In contrast, the
      35S label was precipitated by BaCl2, was not volatile, and was not extracted by
      ether. It is concluded that the central carbon-sulfur bond of methanethiol is
      split by incubation with whole blood. Plasma components are not involved in this
      process. Most likely, methanethiol becomes largely oxidized by erythrocytes to
      formic acid and sulfite or sulfate. Only 10% of methanethiol became firmly bound
      to erythrocytes. One to two percent was transformed to protein--S--S--CH3 and 1%
      to dimethyl sulfide by the enzyme thiol methyltransferase.

PMID- 3373107
TI  - Iron and ferritin contents and distribution in human alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Previous investigations have shown that alveolar macrophages from cigarette
      smokers contain more iron than do macrophages obtained from nonsmokers. To
      localize intracellular iron and to help assess its potential for participation in
      the production of hydroxyl radicals, macrophages were fractionated and the
      ferritin and iron contents were measured in various cell fractions. Alveolar
      macrophages from seven smokers and six nonsmokers were lysed by nitrogen
      cavitation and centrifuged, first at 500 g and then at 11,000 g. Measured by
      radio-immunoassay, the total cellular ferritin was 133.8 +/- 33.2 ng and 782.0 +/
      177.8 ng per 1 x 10(6) macrophages (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01) obtained
      from nonsmokers and smokers, respectively. The total cellular iron contents were
      7.5 +/- 0.6 nmol and 27.6 +/- 4.8 nmol per 1 x 10(6) macrophages (p less than
      0.02) obtained from nonsmokers and smokers, respectively. The accumulation of
      iron by smokers' alveolar macrophages correlated with the number of cigarettes
      that had been smoked. Forty-two percent of the iron but only 9% of the ferritin
      was contained in the pellet obtained from centrifugation at 500 g. The pellet
      from the second centrifugation contained approximately 33% of the iron and 5% of
      the ferritin. The supernatant resulting from the second centrifugation contained
      25% of the iron and 85% of the ferritin. Cigarette smoking did not appear to
      alter the intracellular distribution of either iron or ferritin. The ferritin
      content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 0.10 +/- 0.04 micrograms/mg and 0.90
      +/- 0.18 micrograms/mg albumin for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (p less
      than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373108
TI  - Plasma cholesterol synthesis using deuterated water in humans: effect of short
      term food restriction.
AB  - Our purpose was to develop methods in humans to determine the fractional
      synthetic rate (FSR) of plasma pool free cholesterol using the rate of deuterium
      incorporation from body water. The sensitivity of this method was examined by
      measuring FSR after periods of fasting and feeding. Five healthy men with normal
      lipoprotein levels were given a prepared diet containing 40% of calories as fat
      and a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio of 0.25 for 8 days, except for
      day 7 when they were given only drinking water. Beginning after the supper meal
      on day 6, they received no food until 8 AM on day 8 when they consumed meals as
      normal. Over days 7 and 8 the subjects were given prime and constant deuterium
      oxide orally to maintain body water deuterium enrichment at about 0.05 atom %
      excess. Plasma samples were obtained at 0 hours (day 7, 8 AM) and at 12, 24, 36,
      and 48 hours thereafter. Free cholesterol was extracted, purified by thin-layer
      chromatography, and combusted to water. The water was reduced to H2 and analyzed
      for deuterium enrichment by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Analytic precision
      of this system was determined as 3.5 0/00 (parts per mil) vs Standard Mean Ocean
      Water. Deuterium enrichment of plasma water for the group during the 48-hour
      deuterium oxide administration period was 3143 0/00 +/- 310 0/00 (mean +/- SEM).
      Cholesterol deuterium enrichment for the group during the 12-hour period of
      fasting (10.9 0/00 +/- 4.1 0/00) was not different from that during feeding (14.2
      0/00 +/- 6.2 0/00).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373109
TI  - Duodenal resistance to the emptying of various solutions from the isolated cat
      stomach.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine to what extent the duodenum resists the
      emptying of various solutions from the isolated stomach. Cat stomachs were
      maintained in Krebs solution in vitro, and filled with 100 ml isotonic saline
      solution, isotonic glucose, hypertonic saline solution, hypertonic glucose, or
      dilute acid. Gastric pressure was constantly monitored; gastric output was
      collected constantly by a cannula in the proximal or distal duodenum. For all
      solutions, cumulative gastric output at all times was considerably less with the
      distal than the proximal cannula position. This difference was almost entirely
      caused by a smaller fractional gastric output during the first minute of gastric
      emptying, and by reduced amplitude of the gastric stroke volume with the distal
      cannula position. Some differences were observed in the gastric emptying rate for
      the various solutions; isotonic saline solution emptied particularly slowly and
      hydrochloric acid emptied particularly fast. In addition, the various solutions
      produced different gastric pressure patterns, which could not be entirely
      explained by differences in residual gastric volume. We concluded that the cat
      duodenum provides a resistance to gastric emptying over and above that generated
      by the pylorus, and that the duodenal resistance is caused by limitations in
      duodenal capacity. It is furthermore concluded that the mechanical activity of
      the isolated stomach and duodenum is affected by the chemical composition of
      their luminal contents.

PMID- 3373110
TI  - Decreased ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity in cigarette smokers.
AB  - Ceruloplasmin is one of the most important antioxidant proteins in serum.
      Ceruloplasmin functions as a ferroxidase that oxidizes iron to the Fe3+ state,
      thereby preventing Fe2+-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and cellular damage. Despite
      increased antigenic amounts of ceruloplasmin, cigarette smoker serum has
      previously been shown to exhibit significantly less antioxidant activity than non
      smoker serum. We demonstrate that the decreased antioxidant activity of cigarette
      smoker serum may be explained by a decrease in ceruloplasmin ferroxidase
      activity. Smokers had a 14% decrease in serum ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity
      (units per milliliter) compared with nonsmokers. There was a 24% decrease in
      ferroxidase activity per milligram of ceruloplasmin in smokers compared with
      nonsmokers (0.32 +/- 0.009 U/mg vs 0.42 +/- 0.020 U/mg, p less than 0.005).
      Smoker serum also contained significantly less ceruloplasmin-specific antioxidant
      activity than nonsmoker serum. These observations may explain the decrement in
      smoker serum antioxidant activity that could predispose cigarette smokers to
      increased oxidant injury.

PMID- 3373111
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of erythropoietin in intact and anephric dogs.
AB  - The present studies were performed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of
      erythropoietin in intact and anephric dogs by use of unlabeled crude native
      erythropoietin (nEp) and iodine 125-labeled purified recombinant erythropoietin
      (rEp) given by intravenous infusion for 15 minutes. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration
      was used to confirm that the 125I-rEp molecule remained iodinated in dog plasma
      during the 24-hour period of these studies. The plasma disappearance of
      erythropoietin conformed to a biexponential equation for both nEp and 125I-rEp,
      with the central compartment being larger than the peripheral compartment. The
      mean distribution half-life of 75.3 +/- 21.2 minutes for nEp was significantly (p
      less than 0.05) longer than that of 125I-rEp (23.7 +/- 5.0 minutes) in intact
      dogs. The intercompartmental clearance (CIic) for nEp (0.018 +/- 0.006 L/kg/hr)
      was significantly smaller than that of 125I-rEp (0.068 +/- 0.018 L/kg/hr) in
      intact dogs (p less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in apparent
      volume of distribution, elimination half-life, and elimination clearance (CIe)
      for nEp and rEp in intact dogs. The mean elimination half-life for 125I-rEp in
      intact dogs (9.0 +/- 0.6 hours) and anephric dogs (13.8 +/- 1.4 hours) was
      significantly different (p less than 0.05). The CIe for 125I-rEp in anephric dogs
      (0.008 +/- 0.001 L/kg/hr) was significantly (p less than 0.05) smaller than that
      of 125I-rEp in intact dogs (0.011 +/- 0.001 L/kg/hr). There were no significant
      differences in apparent volume of distribution, distribution half-life, and CIic
      for 125I-rEp in intact and anephric dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373112
TI  - Defect in cholesteryl ester transport in serum of patients with uremia receiving
      maintenance hemodialysis: increased inhibitor activity for cholesteryl ester
      transfer.
AB  - The rate of cholesterol transfer (RCT) from high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to
      very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) was
      previously found to be lower in the serum of patients with uremia receiving
      maintenance hemodialysis than in the serum of control subjects, and the defect
      was associated with the serum density greater than 1.063 gm/ml fraction (Hsia et
      al. J LAB CLIN MED 1985;106:53). The present study shows that cholesterol
      transfer from HDLs to VLDLs and LDLs could be increased when the lipoprotein
      deficient fraction of control serum was substituted for the patients' fraction.
      Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in patient serum was assayed
      and found to be below that in the serum of control subjects. CETP and CETP
      inhibitor activities in patient and control sera were separated by hydrophobic
      chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose. Recovery of CETP activity from patient
      samples was 214% +/- 62%, and that from controls was 112% +/- 15%. The data
      indicate that the low RCT of patients was caused by increased levels of an
      inhibitor to CETP activity in their serum.

PMID- 3373113
TI  - Multimodality evoked potentials in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Neurosarcoidosis is suspected on clinical grounds and then confirmed by
      radiography, by spinal fluid examination, or by biopsy. To determine whether
      evoked potential testing may also be of value in diagnosing and following the
      course of neurosarcoidosis, multimodality evoked potentials were obtained in 12
      men with sarcoidosis, including two with neurosarcoidosis. Seven of 12 subjects,
      one of whom had neurosarcoidosis, manifested abnormal evoked potentials. Visual
      evoked potentials were abnormal in one patient and somatosensory evoked
      potentials were abnormal in one patient. Five additional patients, including one
      with neurosarcoidosis, had abnormal auditory evoked potentials suggestive of
      auditory nerve or low pons involvement. These data indicate that multimodality
      evoked potentials, especially auditory potentials, may show central nervous
      system involvement in patients with sarcoidosis in the absence of clinically
      apparent disease.

PMID- 3373114
TI  - A simple and accurate microplate assay for the determination of factor XI in
      plasma.
AB  - Traditionally, factor XI has been determined in the clinical laboratory by a
      modified activated partial thromboplastin time assay (aPTT) with factor XI
      deficient plasma as the substrate. Coagulant assays, however, have high
      coefficients of variation. We previously developed a chromogenic assay for factor
      XI that required equipment not normally found in a clinical laboratory. We now
      present a modification of that assay, which is performed in 96-well microplates
      and can be done in any clinical laboratory or physician's office. Plasma is
      subjected to a brief acidification to inactivate most of the plasma protease
      inhibitors. Soybean trypsin inhibitor is included to stabilize the factor XIa
      that is generated. Kaolin is used as the contact activating surface, and the
      chromogenic substrate, S-2366, is used to measure the factor XIa that is formed.
      Results of the assay, performed in three groups of subjects, correlate well with
      results of the coagulant assay as performed in our laboratory and clearly
      differentiate between total factor XI deficiency and the deficiency of any of the
      other contact proteins. Unlike coagulation assays, the chromogenic assay is not
      influenced by the presence of heparin. Furthermore, it is not affected by lupus
      anticoagulants, which are antibodies directed against acidic phospholipids. Two
      plasma samples from patients with acquired factor XI inhibitors showed
      dissociation between coagulant and amidolytic activity, suggesting that the
      antibodies were not primarily directed toward the active site of factor XIa,
      which is responsible for its amidolytic activity. In contrast, patients with
      severe congenital deficiency of factor XI showed no activity by either assay.

PMID- 3373115
TI  - Hepatic failure toxins depress liver regenerative enzymes after periportal injury
      with allyl alcohol in the rat.
AB  - Hepatic regenerative enzyme (thymidine kinase and ornithine decarboxylase)
      activities were significantly depressed by subcoma doses of the hepatic failure
      toxins (NH4+, octanoic acid, and dimethyl disulfide) after selective injury with
      allyl alcohol. The inhibitory effect of NH4+ was greater than that of dimethyl
      disulfide, even though the neurologic effects of dimethyl disulfide were
      approximately comparable with those of the NH4+. There appeared to be a delay in
      the full expression of the depressive effects of octanoic acid and dimethyl
      disulfide. The resistance to these two toxins, particularly dimethyl disulfide,
      may reflect the resistance to injury of the oxidative processes prominent in
      periportal hepatocyte mitochondria. In comparison with pericentral injury or two
      lobe hepatectomy, periportal injury seemed equally susceptible to regenerative
      enzyme inhibition by NH4+ but less susceptible to the effect of octanoic acid and
      dimethyl disulfide.

PMID- 3373116
TI  - Toward a metatheory of learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373117
TI  - Science and learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373118
TI  - Epistemological relativity in learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373119
TI  - Legitimizing the field of learning disabilities: does research orientation
      matter?

PMID- 3373120
TI  - Considering research sense and policy cents in the development of a metatheory
      for learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373121
TI  - Basic research and basic needs in research on learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373123
TI  - Paradigms lost: learning disabilities and the new ghost in the old machine.

PMID- 3373122
TI  - Toward a megatheory of learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373124
TI  - Discourse errors in students with learning disabilities and their normally
      achieving peers: molar versus molecular views.

PMID- 3373125
TI  - Feedback effects on oral reading errors of children with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373127
TI  - The effectiveness of cross-age tutoring with truant, junior high school students
      with learning disabilities.

PMID- 3373126
TI  - Three types of peer tutoring: effects on the attitudes of students with learning
      disabilities and their regular class peers.

PMID- 3373129
TI  - Muscogee County Medical Society. AIDS: Fighting fear with facts.

PMID- 3373128
TI  - AIDS and employers.

PMID- 3373130
TI  - Seat belts save lives!

PMID- 3373131
TI  - Malpractice: is competence or caring in question?

PMID- 3373132
TI  - Have you hugged your lawyer today? But seriously, doctor...

PMID- 3373133
TI  - Practicing what we preach.

PMID- 3373134
TI  - Georgia schools help teens postpone sexual involvement.

PMID- 3373135
TI  - Preventing youth suicide: we can make a difference.

PMID- 3373136
TI  - Rx for tax simplification.

PMID- 3373137
TI  - Have you looked at your will lately? Seven common mistakes in estate planning and
      how to avoid them.

PMID- 3373138
TI  - 1987--a year of transition for the ACS.

PMID- 3373139
TI  - The linker histone stoichiometry of chicken erythrocyte chromatin in situ.

PMID- 3373140
TI  - Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the proximal portion of the transverse muscle
      of the mouse tongue: reconstructed from transmission electron micrographs.

PMID- 3373141
TI  - Ionic currents in neurones cultured from embryonic cockroach (Periplaneta
      americana) brains.
AB  - Neurones isolated from embryonic cockroach brains were maintained in culture for
      up to 8 weeks. A single patch electrode was used to record voltage changes in
      response to injected current, membrane ionic currents under whole-cell voltage
      clamp conditions or single-channel currents from isolated membrane patches. The
      voltage changes in response to injected current that depolarized the cell
      indicated increases in membrane permeability to calcium and potassium. These
      observations were confirmed using a voltage clamp. The potassium current observed
      in the youngest cultures turned on with a delay and was blocked by
      tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Two kinds of decrease in the
      outward potassium current were observed. One may be associated with extracellular
      potassium accumulation, inactivation of the potassium channel or inactivation of
      a calcium channel. The other appears to be a voltage-dependent inactivation. The
      magnitude of the calcium permeability appeared to increase as the cultures
      developed, being most prominent in cultures more than 2 weeks old. Single-channel
      conductance measured from an analysis of records from six isolated membrane
      patches ranged from 15 to 110 pS. Except for one channel, the probability of the
      channels being open did not change appreciably with membrane potential. Our
      results suggest that much of the increase in potassium permeability may be due an
      increase in intracellular calcium level.

PMID- 3373142
TI  - Solubility of nitrogen and argon in eel whole blood and its relationship to pH.
AB  - The solubility coefficients (alpha) for the inert gases, nitrogen (N2) and argon
      (Ar), were measured by mass spectrometry in whole blood of the freshwater-adapted
      European eel, Anguilla anguilla, at varied pH and at two temperatures, 5 and 15
      degrees C. The pH was altered either by varying PCO2 (0.75-75 mmHg; 1 mmHg =
      133.3 Pa) or by adding fixed acid (HCl or lactic acid). No dependence of alpha on
      pH (range 5.5-8.4) or on lactate concentration (range 0.2-25 mmol l-1) was
      detectable. Average values (+/- S.D.) for alpha (mumol l-1 mmHg-1) were: alpha N2
      = 1.25 +/- 0.01, alpha Ar = 2.60 +/- 0.05 at 5 degrees C and alpha N2 = 1.09 +/-
      0.03, alpha Ar = 2.12 +/- 0.07 at 15 degrees C. These data yield values for Q10
      of 0.87 for nitrogen and 0.82 for argon, and for activation energy, Ea (kJ mol-1
      K-1), of -9.2 for nitrogen and -13.4 for argon. The results do not support
      earlier reports on significant pH dependence of alpha in eel blood and suggest,
      in contrast, that no fundamental differences exist in respect of inert gas
      solubility between whole blood of the eel and of other vertebrates.

PMID- 3373143
TI  - Perfusion-independent oxygen extraction in myoglobin-rich hearts.
AB  - Cardiac myoglobin plays a role in oxygen consumption and has a protective effect
      during periods of hypoxia, but little is known about the role of myoglobin during
      periods of ischaemia. Myoglobin-rich sea raven hearts and myoglobin-poor ocean
      pout hearts were isolated and perfused at varying flow rates and under conditions
      of low and high oxygen demand to assess the role of myoglobin in oxygen
      extraction. In the myoglobin-rich hearts, oxygen extraction remained constant
      over the flow range. In the myoglobin-poor hearts, oxygen extraction was
      significantly elevated, relative to controls, at the lower flow rates but
      decreased as the flow rate increased. In hearts where myoglobin was inactivated
      by an oxidizing agent, oxygen extraction was similar to that observed in
      myoglobin-poor hearts. Under conditions of high oxygen demand, myoglobin-rich
      hearts again showed a constant oxygen extraction over the flow range. Myoglobin
      inactivated hearts had a significantly elevated oxygen extraction at low flows,
      and this decreased as flow rate increased. These data suggest that myoglobin
      renders oxygen extraction by fish hearts independent of the rate of perfusion.

PMID- 3373144
TI  - Regional distribution of blood flow during swimming in the tufted duck (Aythya
      fuligula).
AB  - The distribution of blood flow to a number of organs and tissues of the tufted
      duck was determined (by the microsphere technique) before and while the birds
      were swimming at close to their maximum sustainable velocity (i.e. at 0.69 +/-
      0.01 ms-1). During swimming, oxygen uptake was twice the pre-exercise value.
      Cardiac output increased by 70%, there was no significant change in arterial
      blood pressure and total systemic conductance increased by 44%. There were no
      significant changes in blood flow to the brain, liver, adrenal glands, spleen and
      respiratory muscles. Not surprisingly, there were increases in blood flow to the
      heart (30% increase) and to the muscles of the hindlimbs (to 3.1 times the pre
      exercise value). Significant reductions in flow occurred to various parts of the
      gastrointestinal tract (although not to the gastrointestinal tract as a whole),
      to the pancreas and to the pectoralis muscles. In the case of the flight
      musculature as a whole, the reduction was to approximately 40% of the values in
      the ducks before exercise. Thus, despite the fact that cardiac output was some
      three times lower than it would have been during flight, there was a clear
      redistribution of blood away from some visceral organs and inactive muscles
      during surface swimming in the tufted duck. This lends support to the suggestion
      that blood is selectively directed to the legs, as well as to the brain and
      central nervous system (CNS) and away from the visceral organs and inactive
      muscles during voluntary diving in these birds.

PMID- 3373145
TI  - Parallel antiport mechanisms for Na+ and Cl- transport in herbivorous teleost
      intestine.
AB  - Transport mechanisms for NaCl in intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV)
      of herbivorous, seawater-adapted tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were
      investigated with a rapid filtration technique using 22Na+ and 36Cl- as tracers.
      Evidence to support the existence of cotransport mechanisms (Na+/Cl- or
      Na+/K+/2Cl-) in tilapia intestinal BBMV was not found. An inwardly directed Cl-
      gradient or KCl gradient did not stimulate the uptake of Na+ into tilapia
      intestinal BBMV. Furthermore, the uptake of Na+ under these conditions was not
      significantly affected by furosemide. Evidence was found to indicate the
      existence of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- antiport mechanisms for NaCl transport in
      tilapia intestinal BBMV. An outwardly directed proton gradient (pH 6.0 in, pH 7.5
      out) stimulated the uptake of Na+ above that of the control (pH 7.5 in, pH 7.5
      out). Exogenous amiloride (1 mmol l-1) significantly reduced Na+ uptake in the
      presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient. Apparent influxes of 1 mmol l
      1 Na+ were (nmol mg protein -1 15 s-1 +/- 1 S.E.): control, 1.46 +/- 0.09; pH
      gradient, 3.36 +/- 0.14; pH gradient plus amiloride, 1.55 +/- 0.05. The uptake of
      Cl- was stimulated by outwardly directed HCO3- and Cl- gradients in comparison
      with an outwardly directed gluconate gradient. Apparent influxes of 10 mmol l-1
      Cl- were (nmol mg protein-1 15 s-1 +/- 1 S.E.): gluconate, 12.90 +/- 0.19; HCO3-,
      15.83 +/- 0.34; Cl-, 14.62 +/- 0.42. These results suggest that, in contrast to
      the cotransport mechanisms for NaCl that have been reported for other fish
      intestine, the herbivorous marine teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus, possesses
      dual antiport mechanisms for the transport of NaCl across its intestinal brush
      border membrane.

PMID- 3373148
TI  - Effects of ageing on preserved red blood cell populations as measured by light
      scattering.
AB  - Instability of reference materials may cause problems in interpreting results for
      assurance of quality in haemocytometry. The stability with time for a certain
      preserved blood specimen is also highly dependent on the principle of
      measurement. In this paper some effects of ageing on red cell populations in
      commercially available (Ortho) Blood Controls are evaluated. Red blood cell size
      histograms become narrower while mean corpuscular volumes obviously decrease with
      time when measurements are based on light scattering intensity. In contrast,
      monodisperse polystyrene spheres of different sizes show perfect stability at
      storage. Such artificially prepared controls should be applied to achieve optimal
      setting and calibration of haematology analysers.

PMID- 3373147
TI  - Improvements in the simultaneous determination of calcidiol and calcitriol in
      human serum or plasma.
AB  - Technical improvements have been applied to reduce the time required for the
      determination of calcidiol and calcitriol in serum or plasma. The modifications
      include the use of Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for the extraction of calciol
      metabolites from serum instead of a classical liquid/liquid extraction, a
      considerable shortening of the HPLC purification time compared with our
      previously described method, and the application of HPLC with UV detection at 254
      nm of calcidiol as an alternative to the usual competitive protein binding
      methods. In none of the 199 samples where calcidiol was determined by HPLC did we
      observe a detectable peak of ercalcidiol. Quantitation of calcidiol by HPLC and
      competitive protein binding was compared in 5 series of assays. The correlation
      between the two methods was 0.99. The average slope of the linear regression line
      when the HPLC values were plotted versus the competitive protein binding values
      was 1.14. The average intercept was 0.19 nmol/l. The mean within-run coefficient
      of variation for calcidiol in these series was 5% for the competitive protein
      binding method, and 4% for HPLC method. Between-run coefficients of variation
      were 6% and 12% for the competitive protein binding and for the HPLC method,
      respectively. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation for calcitriol
      were 6% and 15%, respectively.

PMID- 3373146
TI  - [A kinetic method for the direct determination of creatinine in serum with 3,5
      dinitrobenzoic acid without deproteinization].
AB  - A kinetic method is reported for the determination of creatinine in serum without
      deproteinization, using alkaline 3,5-dinitrobenzoate solution. The increase in
      absorbance at 546 nm due to the formation of an orange-red complex is measured.
      The relationship between the creatinine concentration and absorbance was linear
      up to a tested concentration of 8840 mumol/l in the aqueous standard solution.
      Recovery of added creatinine was 98-102%. Compared with the procedure of Jaffe,
      as modified by Helger et al. (Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem. 12, 344-349 (1974],
      the present method shows less interference by pseudo-creatinine chromogens, and
      no interference by high serum concentrations of bilirubin or triacylglycerols.
      The measured serum concentration of creatinine was not affected by cephalosporin
      therapy. Interferences and side reactions have been minimized or eliminated by
      optimization of the concentrations of all reactants and of the measurement time.
      The described procedure can, however, only be performed in an instrument, which
      permits the measurement of absorbance changes in short time intervals after the
      start of the reaction. In comparative studies on 212 sera, the dinitrobenzoate
      method and the enzymic UV-test gave similar results, whereas the Jaffe method as
      modified by Helger et al. gave significantly higher values.

PMID- 3373149
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the new sperm antibody slide-test for detection of
      antibodies to spermatozoa in cervical mucus and seminal plasma.
AB  - A new commercially available Sperm Antibody Slide-Test kit for the detection of
      antibodies to sperm (Biotec Diagnostica International GmbH, Hannover, FRG) was
      evaluated with respect to its diagnostic value in immunological infertility. The
      new test correlates better with clinical findings than the sperm-agglutination
      and sperm-immobilization assays. Compared with the other two tests, it shows a
      higher percentage of positive reactions with infertile patients. None of the 100
      fertile subjects was positive in the Sperm Antibody Slide-Test, as opposed to
      approx. 13% false positives by the conventional methods. In addition, the new
      test is easier to perform and requires no vital spermatozoa. Since the kit is
      stable for over 12 months at 4-8 degrees C, requires no spermatozoal
      preparations, and has a relatively quick reaction time of 2-5 minutes, it is well
      suited for the routine diagnosis of patients with immunological infertility
      problems.

PMID- 3373150
TI  - Impact of intensified training of operators on the determination of cholesterol
      on Reflotron in the doctor's office.

PMID- 3373151
TI  - Multi-centre evaluation of the Behring ELISA Processor II.
AB  - A multi-centre evaluation of the Behring ELISA Processor II in connection with
      the Enzygnost-tests from Behringwerke was performed by 3 laboratories following
      the ECCLS Guidelines for the Evaluation of Analysers in Clinical Chemistry. The
      performance characteristics were studied with analytical tests for anti-HBs1),
      HBsAg and anti-CMV2). This evaluation represents, to our knowledge, the first
      trial in clinical virology with guidelines primarily designed for clinical
      chemistry. The evaluation revealed that the highly automated Behring ELISA
      Processor II is a reliable tool in the virological laboratory. The data obtained
      showed low imprecision and good accuracy. The washing unit proved to be very
      efficient. No carry-over of reagents was detected in the dispenser system.
      Several improvements for further developments of the analyser are suggested. This
      multi-centre study has shown that the ECCLS protocol can be used to evaluate
      analysers and test systems in clinical virology.

PMID- 3373153
TI  - Discussion of "The Bite Mark Standard Reference Scale--ABFO No. 2".

PMID- 3373152
TI  - The distribution of unsulphated and sulphated glycosaminoglycans in palmar fascia
      from patients with Dupuytren's disease and healthy subjects.
AB  - Eighty specimens from 20 patients with Dupuytren's disease and 7 biopsies of
      healthy palmar fascia were analysed for their glycosaminoglycan isomer patterns
      with a combined enzymatic/HPLC method. The diseased portions of palmar fascia
      tissue were characterized by elevated total glycosaminoglycans together with a
      relative increase in the sulphated fractions. The macroscopic stages of nodules,
      bands and unaffected tissue could be classified very well by multivariate
      statistical analysis on the basis of their glycosaminoglycan patterns. The
      biochemical analysis provided evidence of the pathological process even in those
      specimens that did not yet show any clinical symptoms of the disease.

PMID- 3373155
TI  - Barefoot impressions--a preliminary study of identification characteristics and
      population frequency of their morphological features.
AB  - Footprint impressions of 107 male adults ranging in age from 19 to 67 years were
      recorded and examined. Included in this study were foot impressions from a pair
      of monozygotic twins as well. The impressions were recorded and converted into a
      set of indices which essentially are width-versus-length ratios of prominent
      features of the human foot. These indices were then correlated to yield
      probability values for use in this study and for comparison to data published by
      previous investigators Qamra, Abbott, Lovejoy, Cassidy, and Robbins. Friction
      ridge minutae were not considered in this study. Crease marks, well impressions,
      and toe step measurements were considered, but not incorporated in the
      probability values, because of the unique aspect of these features and the
      inability, at present, to convert these features to mathematical indices. These
      features do, however, introduce a subjective nature to the analysis scheme. This
      study uses the combined index probabilities of foot impressions so that the data
      generated can be used to assign a given probability that a particular foot
      impression, even without clear definable individual features, can be linked to
      the person who made the impression.

PMID- 3373154
TI  - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of morphine and codeine in human
      urine of poppy seed eaters.
AB  - In this study, poppy seeds were examined for a natural constituent that might
      serve as a maker for the seeds' ingestion as opposed to opiate abuse. Thebaine
      was selected as possible marker, since it was found to be a component of all
      poppy seeds examined and was not a natural component of different heroin samples.
      During the course of this investigation, a new extraction and cleanup procedure
      was developed for the gas chromatographic/nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC/NPD)
      and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis of morphine and
      codeine in urine. A linear response, over a concentration range of 25 to 600
      ng/mL, was obtained for codeine and morphine (r = 0.9982 and 0.9947,
      respectively). The minimum detectable level (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ)
      for morphine were 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively; whereas LOD and LOQ for codeine
      were 2 and 8 ng/mL, respectively. The coefficients of variance (CV, n = 6) for
      morphine and codeine analyses at the 100-ng/mL level were 13.3 and 4.6%,
      respectively. This procedure was used for the analysis of urine samples from five
      poppy seed eaters who each ingested 200 g of poppy seed cake. Results indicated
      that significant amounts of morphine and codeine are excreted in urine and that
      in all subjects, at least at one point in time, the apparent morphine
      concentration as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis exceeded the
      cutoff value (300 ng/mL) established for screening. Thebaine was not detected in
      urine specimens collected following poppy seeds ingestion and thus could not be
      used as a marker.

PMID- 3373156
TI  - Detection and use of salivary hemagglutinins for forensic blood grouping.
AB  - A sensitive method for the detection of anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins in fresh
      saliva has been developed. The method utilizes a bromelin treated erythrocyte
      suspension as indicator cells and includes a simple procedure to concentrate
      these hemagglutinins. Antiserum directed against immunoglobulin A enhances the
      hemagglutination assay. We find that these salivary hemagglutinins are present in
      over 90% of the population and that their titer remains stable over a period of
      two months. These hemagglutinins can be used to blood type the donor of a saliva
      sample and can be used in a confirmatory test that complements the commonly used
      absorption-inhibition test which is used to detect salivary blood group
      agglutinogens. In preliminary studies we have determined that hemagglutinins can
      be successfully isolated and analyzed from dried saliva stains.

PMID- 3373157
TI  - Estimation of postmortem interval based on the third component of complement (C3)
      cleavage.
AB  - To estimate postmortem interval (PMI), the spontaneous conversion of the native
      third component of complement (C3) to its derived fragments in whole blood was
      studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. C3 cleavages in vitro at different
      temperatures showed that the incubation of whole blood at a higher temperature
      led to a faster conversion of beta 1C (native C3) to beta 1A (C3c). In cadaveric
      blood, we found a significant positive correlation between percentage of C3
      cleavage and PMI. From these results, it is possible to estimate PMI from the
      ratios of C3 cleavage.

PMID- 3373158
TI  - The shielding capacity of the standard military flak jacket against ballistic
      injury to the kidney.
AB  - An animal model was designed to evaluate the ability of the standard military
      flak jacket to protect the kidneys from direct ballistic trauma. Yorkshire swine
      were anesthetized and their flanks were protected by flak jackets. Ballistic
      insults ranging from a low-velocity handgun to a high-velocity rifle were
      evaluated. The results demonstrate that a flak jacket provides adequate
      protection against low- and mid-velocity projectiles since none of the animals
      from this group had evidence of internal trauma and because only minor
      superficial surgical attention would have been required. Survivability in each
      case was considered to be excellent. The flak jacket failed to provide any
      protection against several types of high-velocity bullets. These weapons caused
      severe internal injury to the genitourinary system as well as to other major
      organ systems. Survival would have been unlikely.

PMID- 3373160
TI  - Determination of cause and mode of death before and after medicolegal autopsy: a
      comparative study.
AB  - Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive medicolegal autopsies were studied as to
      the cause of death established by a physician, the mode of death as suggested in
      the police report, and findings of medical interest often discovered following
      autopsy. Corrections had to be made even in some cases which seemed to be
      obvious. With a decrease of the number of autopsies, the records of various
      registration bureaus would be affected. Autopsies are still necessary for control
      and correction of clinical causes of death.

PMID- 3373159
TI  - Child abuse reporting trends: an unprecedented threat to confidentiality.
AB  - Some recent interpretations of the child abuse laws are creating serious and
      unprecedented erosions of therapist/patient confidentiality. In contrast to the
      Tarasoff decisions and laws, the child abuse statutes introduced a new element of
      mandatory reporting which permits no discretionary alternatives and presents
      prospects of criminal penalties for failure to report. A recent development
      suggests a possible requirement for therapists to violate confidentiality for the
      sole purpose of punishing perpetrators. Overinterpretations of the laws by some
      child protective services have led to recommendations that long past child abuse
      must be reported, even when no current child is in danger. The California
      Attorney General's Office has issued a clarification stating that the child abuse
      statute refers to children and not to adults molested as children. A survey of
      forensic psychiatrists and psychologists shows that most perceived an ethical
      problem in reporting adults molested as children when no child is presently in
      danger, and the purpose of the report is solely for maximal legal self
      protection. The survey indicates that fears induced by rigid and intimidating
      child abuse laws can influence therapists to act in ways most consider unethical.
      Recommendations are made for improving the current child abuse laws so that they
      accomplish their goals more effectively.

PMID- 3373161
TI  - Patterns in sharp force fatalities--a comprehensive forensic medical study: Part
      2. Suicidal sharp force injury in the Stockholm area 1972-1984.
AB  - A total of 89 cases of sharp force suicide that had been committed in the
      Stockholm area in Sweden from 1972 through 1984 were investigated. The series
      showed a male preponderance, sex ratio 3.3, and among males a shift towards the
      age group 40 to 49 years of age. An impact of cultural/ethnic factors was
      indicated by the overrepresentation of Finnish and Hungarian immigrants. A
      psychiatric diagnosis had been ascribed in 22 cases, and addiction to drugs or
      alcohol in 23. Previous attempts at self-destruction were recorded in 11 cases,
      only 1 of which was by sharp force. Classical indicators of suicidal intent, for
      example, suicide notes and the presence of hesitation injuries, were found in 28
      and 80%, respectively. A preference for certain anatomical locations (throat,
      precordium, epigastrium, wrists) was confirmed as was the tendency to expose the
      skin before inflicting suicidal wounds. As compared to homicidal precordial stabs
      whose entrance wounds usually run vertically, horizontal or upwards/left-slanting
      stabs are strongly suggestive of suicide. Although cases were encountered where
      several "rules of thumb" concerning homicidal versus suicidal patterns were
      violated, our series contained no case of injuries to the backside of the trunk
      and no case of more than one wound piercing the left ventricle of the heart.
      Multiple chest wounds transecting costal or sternal bone were however not
      uncommon, and, along with the use of bizarre tools and objects like wood chisels
      or pieces of glass, illustrated the determination of suicidal intent.
      Toxicological analysis was positive for drugs in 22 and for alcohol in 27 cases.
      Blood alcohol levels were roughly similar to those found in victims of homicidal
      sharp force, whereas drug levels tended to be lower or higher in suicides.

PMID- 3373162
TI  - The influence of storage temperature and chemical preservation on the stability
      of succinylcholine in canine tissue.
AB  - Succinylcholine (SCh) has been detected six months postmortem in liver, kidney,
      and injection site muscle of rats given 10 to 200 mg/kg by intramuscular
      injection. SCh stability was studied in canine tissue to evaluate three storage
      temperatures and two chemical preservatives at three time periods after
      injection. Nine mongrel dogs weighing 17.2 to 28 kg were divided equally into
      three groups and administered either 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mg SCh/kg intravenously
      into the cephalic vein. Liver, kidney, and gastrocnemius muscle were removed 90
      min post-injection and divided into twelve portions. Each portion was treated
      with embalming fluid, physostigmine, the combination (50/50), or nothing.
      Chemically treated tissues and nontreated tissues were then stored at either 27,
      5, or -20 degrees C for a period of up to forty days. Tissue portions were
      analyzed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas
      chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection. Stability of SCh was greatest
      for samples stored at -20 degrees C and preserved with the combination of
      embalming fluid plus physostigmine. Kidney concentrations of SCh were
      significantly higher than those in liver or muscle at all doses. SCh was detected
      24 h post-injection in all cases. By 40 days, only trace amounts of SCh, if any,
      could be detected in samples stored at room temperature with no chemical
      preservatives.

PMID- 3373163
TI  - Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of succinylcholine in dogs.
AB  - The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life,
      volume of distribution, and clearance for succinylcholine (SCh) based on
      measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and
      5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of paralysis and recovery and
      to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic
      effects of SCh in canines. The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking
      drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and
      recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses
      for paralysis and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict
      the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken
      following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh
      determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation,
      and gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses
      showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh
      has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold
      Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced
      paralysis had a rapid onset, but the duration of paralysis and the rate of
      recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

PMID- 3373164
TI  - Pathological spectrum of the lung in cases of violent death: Part I. Lesion
      classification.
AB  - The results are presented of the pathological study of the lungs in 66 cases of
      violent death observing the more frequent types of lesions and establishing 4
      different groups of postlesioned pulmonary condition. 1. Inflammatory alveolar
      lesions without a diffused interstitial involvement (IAL) including contusions or
      direct aggressions, lobular pneumonias, or bronchopneumonias with a predominance
      of intra-alveolar inflammatory exudation. 2. Inflammatory alveolar lesions with a
      diffuse interstitial involvement (IALW) including generalized affectation of the
      parenchyma with lesions in the capillary structure of the wall. 3.
      Edemohemorrhagic lesions (EHL) presenting phenomena of capillary congestion with
      hematic extravasation and interstitial and intra-alveolar edema, without
      inflammatory involvement. This is the most numerous group and it can constitute
      the preliminary stage of any other. 4. Unspecific chronic lesions (UCL) not
      related to the cause of death, being chronically inflammatory and fibrotic
      alterations of limited interest in our study. We emphasize the importance of the
      inflammatory involvement of the alveolar wall in the pathogenia of diffuse
      alveolar damage (DAD) and the aggravation of pulmonary lesions by capillary
      structure alteration, direct lesion of alveolar epithelium, presence of
      macrophages, and liberation of certain intracellular enzymes.

PMID- 3373165
TI  - Pathological spectrum of the lung in cases of violent death: Part II.
      Clinicopathologic correlation.
AB  - The correlation between the type of pathological lesion of the lung and the
      circumstances which encompass their evolution in 66 cases of violent death have
      been examined. Pulmonary lesions have been classified into four groups. 1.
      Inflammatory alveolar lesions without a diffuse interstitial involvement (IAL)
      which result from direct aggressions in subjects of advanced age. 2. Inflammatory
      alveolar lesions with a diffuse interstitial affectation (IALW) which are more
      frequent in younger subjects having a higher defense capacity and with severe
      lesions requiring admission to an intensive care unit. 3. Edemohemorrhagic
      lesions (EHL) appearing as a precocious lesion at any age. 4. Unspecific chronic
      lesions (UCL) previous to the aggression and without any relationship to death.
      The most obvious feature noted was the frequent occurrence of certain types of
      acute pulmonary lesions indicative of the rapid and extensive capacity of the
      lung to react to a lesion agent even when death follows rapidly after the
      aggression. The scarcity of acute interstitial lesions among the older group can
      be related to a diminution of biological defense activity leading to a less
      vigorous response; on the contrary, diffuse lesions of the wall seem to be
      related to an excess of defense mechanisms, determined more by age, severity of
      lesion, and type of medical assistance received than by a specific type of
      aggression.

PMID- 3373166
TI  - The Bite Mark Standard Reference Scale--ABFO No. 2.
AB  - A scale of spatial reference for bite mark photography has been developed and
      evaluated. The scale incorporates both linear and circular graduations to meet
      the diverse needs of practicing forensic odontologists in the rectification and
      measurement of photographically recorded bite marks. Its unique L-shaped
      configuration ensures accurate scaling in both the vertical and horizontal
      directions and facilitates the gridding of photographs to correct for
      distortional errors created by oblique camera angles. This paper describes the
      design and constructional features of the scale and offers guidelines for its
      effective application to bite mark photography.

PMID- 3373167
TI  - Statistical evaluation of truncated breath-alcohol test measurements.
AB  - The reporting of breath-alcohol measurements truncated to two decimal places is a
      form of computational error. The magnitude of the error can range from 0.000 to
      0.009 g/210 L. The truncation error will follow a uniform distribution. A total
      of 500 breath-alcohol test measurements were evaluated to determine the
      distribution of the third digit. There are 10 possible discrete values for the
      third digit. The frequency of each third digit was found to range from 44 for the
      lowest to 57 for the highest. The data closely approximated the uniform
      distribution. To conform exactly with the uniform distribution, there would have
      to be 50 of each decimal value. Given that the third digit approximates the
      uniform distribution, one cannot attach a greater probability to a particular
      third-digit value as opposed to another.

PMID- 3373168
TI  - Glycogenated squamous epithelial cells as a marker of foreign body penetration in
      sexual assault.
AB  - Nonconsensual insertion of a foreign object into the vagina, anus, or mouth in
      some judicial jurisdictions is synonymous with rape, and elsewhere may constitute
      some degree of sexual assault or battery. Few techniques, however, are available
      to assist the criminalist in determining whether an object has been criminally
      inserted. Glycogenated epithelial cells have been used as a marker for vaginal
      epithelium, and as such, may indicate vaginal insertion if recovered from an
      object. This hypothesis was tested by studying orally and vaginally inserted
      objects from 42 volunteers and 20 rectally inserted objects recovered from
      cadavers. Glycogen positivity was assayed from smears of object swabbings stained
      with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique. More than 75 glycogen positive
      cells were recovered from 39 of 42 vaginally inserted objects. Glycogenated cells
      were recovered from 8 of 20 rectally inserted objects (5 with more than 100
      positive cells). Of 42 orally inserted objects, 32 also contained glycogen
      positive cells, but none with more than 28 positive cells. No glycogen positive
      cells were seen in skin exposed but not inserted objects. Large numbers of
      glycogen cells were seen in dried saliva drops. Amylase activity was not seen on
      5 of 20 orally inserted shields, and thus the possibility of noninsertional
      saliva contamination could not be ruled out with shields yielding only small
      numbers of positive cells. Recovery of large numbers of glycogenated cells from
      foreign objects is strongly suggestive of either vaginal or anal insertion
      assuming amylase negativity. Glycogen positive cells are not seen secondary to
      glabrous skin exposure.

PMID- 3373169
TI  - A report on the use of Fully's anatomical method to estimate stature in military
      skeletal remains.
AB  - The present study applies two methods of estimating living stature from long limb
      bones to a sample of military remains. Preliminary results comparing the the
      relative accuracy of the two methods are presented.

PMID- 3373170
TI  - Alterations in human bones and teeth as a result of restricted sun exposure and
      contact with corrosive agents.
AB  - Skeletal remains were discovered in an unused cistern near the Omaha, Nebraska
      airport and were positively identified through comparison of antemortem and
      postmortem dental radiographs. Although nearly nine years had elapsed between
      death and discovery, the bones and teeth revealed evidence of the application of
      a corrosive substance at or about the time of death, as well as an unusual
      restricted response to sun exposure, that contributed to the prosecution and
      murder conviction of a member of Hell's Angels in the Omaha area.

PMID- 3373171
TI  - A fatality involving U4Euh, a cyclic derivative of phenylpropanolamine.
AB  - A fatality following ingestion of diazepam and 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2
      oxazolamine, a cyclic derivative of phenylpropanolamine known as U4EuH or 4
      methyl aminorex, is described. Solid dosage samples of U4EuH were analyzed using
      gas chromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic
      resonance, and mass spectrometry. Physiological fluids were analyzed
      quantitatively by gas chromatography and qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. Concentrations of 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine were:
      in blood 21.3 mg/L; in urine 12.3 mg/L. Diazepam concentration in blood was 0.8
      mg/L.

PMID- 3373172
TI  - An unusual case of child abuse homicide/suicide.
AB  - This case report examines a child abuse homicide in which the perpetrator
      committed suicide a few hours after the infant's death. At the time of the
      perpetrator's suicide he was not under investigation, nor was he a suspect in the
      death of the child. Although the literature does not contain reports of similar
      cases, we are sure they exist. This report raises the question of the degree of
      social stigma attached to the accusation of child abuse. It also serves as a
      warning to those who must deal with the potentially suicidal child abuser.

PMID- 3373173
TI  - An infant fatality involving ajmaline.
AB  - An infant fatality following accidental ingestion of ajmaline is described.
      Ajmaline was determined by thin-layer chromatography and infrared
      spectrophotometry, and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography. The
      ajmaline concentration in blood was 5.5 micrograms/mL. The toxicological data
      relevant to the interpretation of case findings are presented.

PMID- 3373174
TI  - Osteological individuality indicative of migrant citrus laboring.
AB  - Particular features of a skeleton discovered near Dade City, Florida, are
      consistent with the stresses of a life of migrant citrus laboring. In particular,
      unusual aspects of the right shoulder skeleton are not manifested bilaterally.
      Ethnographic data, radiographs from a living citrus worker, and the police
      investigation also support the hypothesis that these remains were derived from an
      individual who spent significant time as a citrus fruit picker.

PMID- 3373175
TI  - The laboratory's approach to sexual assault cases. Part 1: Sources of information
      and acts of intercourse.

PMID- 3373176
TI  - Bloodstain classification errors revisited.

PMID- 3373177
TI  - The Sexual Assault Index.

PMID- 3373178
TI  - Cross-bridge kinetics, cooperativity, and negatively strained cross-bridges in
      vertebrate smooth muscle. A laser-flash photolysis study.
AB  - The effects of laser-flash photolytic release of ATP from caged ATP [P3-1(2
      nitrophenyl)ethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate] on stiffness and tension transients
      were studied in permeabilized guinea pig protal vein smooth muscle. During rigor,
      induced by removing ATP from the relaxed or contracting muscles, stiffness was
      greater than in relaxed muscle, and electron microscopy showed cross-bridges
      attached to actin filaments at an approximately 45 degree angle. In the absence
      of Ca2+, liberation of ATP (0.1-1 mM) into muscles in rigor caused relaxation,
      with kinetics indicating cooperative reattachment of some cross-bridges.
      Inorganic phosphate (Pi; 20 mM) accelerated relaxation. A rapid phase of force
      development, accompanied by a decline in stiffness and unaffected by 20 mM Pi,
      was observed upon liberation of ATP in muscles that were released by 0.5-1.0%
      just before the laser pulse. This force increment observed upon detachment
      suggests that the cross-bridges can bear a negative tension. The second-order
      rate constant for detachment of rigor cross-bridges by ATP, in the absence of
      Ca2+, was estimated to be 0.1-2.5 X 10(5) M-1s-1, which indicates that this
      reaction is too fast to limit the rate of ATP hydrolysis during physiological
      contractions. In the presence of Ca2+, force development occurred at a rate (0.4
      s-1) similar to that of intact, electrically stimulated tissue. The rate of force
      development was an order of magnitude faster in muscles that had been
      thiophosphorylated with ATP gamma S before the photochemical liberation of ATP,
      which indicates that under physiological conditions, in non-thiophosphorylated
      muscles, light-chain phosphorylation, rather than intrinsic properties of the
      actomyosin cross-bridges, limits the rate of force development. The release of
      micromolar ATP or CTP from caged ATP or caged CTP caused force development of up
      to 40% of maximal active tension in the absence of Ca2+, consistent with
      cooperative attachment of cross-bridges. Cooperative reattachment of
      dephosphorylated cross-bridges may contribute to force maintenance at low energy
      cost and low cross-bridge cycling rates in smooth muscle.

PMID- 3373179
TI  - Characteristics of bipolar-bipolar coupling in the carp retina.
AB  - ON and OFF bipolar cells were identified in the light-adapted carp retina by
      means of intracellular recording and Lucifer yellow dye injection. The receptive
      field centers, determined by measuring the response amplitudes obtained by
      centered spots of different diameters, were 0.3-1.0 mm for ON bipolar cells and
      0.3-0.4 mm for OFF bipolar cells. These central receptive field values were much
      larger than the dendritic field diameters measured by histological methods.
      Simultaneous intracellular recordings were made from pairs of neighboring bipolar
      cells. Current of either polarity injected into one member of a bipolar cell pair
      elicited a sign-conserving, sustained potential change in the other bipolar cell.
      The coupling efficiency was nearly identical for both depolarizing and
      hyperpolarizing currents. The maximum separation of coupled bipolar cells was
      approximately 130 microns. This electrical coupling was reciprocal and summative,
      and it was observed in cell types of similar function and morphology. Dye
      coupling was observed in 4 out of 34 stained cells. These results strongly
      suggest that there is a spatial summation of signals at the level of bipolar
      cells, which makes their central receptive fields much larger than their
      dendritic fields.

PMID- 3373180
TI  - The regulation of cytosolic pH in isolated presynaptic nerve terminals from rat
      brain.
AB  - Cytosolic pH (pHi) was measured in presynaptic nerve terminals isolated from rat
      brain (synaptosomes) using a fluorescent pH indicator, 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)
      5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The synaptosomes were loaded with BCECF by
      incubation with the membrane-permanent acetoxy-methyl ester derivative of BCECF,
      which is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to the parent compound. pHi was
      estimated by calibrating the fluorescence signal after permeabilizing the
      synaptosomal membrane by two different methods. Synaptosomes loaded with 15-90
      microM BCECF were estimated to have a pHi of 6.94 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- standard
      error; n = 54) if the fluorescence signal was calibrated after permeabilizing
      with digitonin; a similar value was obtained using synaptosomes loaded with 10
      times less BCECF (6.9 +/- 0.1; n = 5). When the fluorescence signal was
      calibrated by permeabilizing the synaptosomal membrane to H+ with gramicidin and
      nigericin, pHi was estimated to be 7.19 +/- 0.03 (n = 12). With the latter
      method, pHi = 6.95 +/- 0.09 (n = 14) when the synaptosomes were loaded with 10
      times less BCECF. Thus, pHi in synaptosomes was approximately 7.0 and could be
      more precisely monitored using the digitonin calibration method at higher BCECF
      concentrations. When synaptosomes were incubated in medium containing 20 mM NH4Cl
      and then diluted into NH4Cl-free medium, pHi immediately acidified to a level of
      approximately 6.6. After the acidification, pHi recovered over a period of a few
      minutes. The buffering capacity of the synaptosomes was estimated to be
      approximately 50 mM/pH unit. Recovery was substantially slowed by incubation in
      an Na-free medium, by the addition of amiloride (KI = 3 microM), and by abolition
      of the Nao/Nai gradient. pHi and its recovery after acidification were not
      affected by incubation in an HCO3-containing medium; disulfonic stilbene anion
      transport inhibitors (SITS and DIDS, 1 mM) and replacement of Cl with
      methylsulfonate did not affect the rate of recovery of pHi. It appears that an
      Na+/H+ antiporter is the primary regulator of pHi in mammalian brain nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 3373181
TI  - Effects of lowering extracellular and cytosolic pH on calcium fluxes, cytosolic
      calcium levels, and transmitter release in presynaptic nerve terminals isolated
      from rat brain.
AB  - We examined the effects of extracellular and intracellular pH changes on the
      influx of radioactive 45Ca, the concentration of ionized Ca (pCai) as monitored
      with the Ca-sensitive fluorescent indicator fura-2, and the efflux of dopamine in
      presynaptic nerve endings (synaptosomes) isolated from rat brain corpora striata
      and preloaded with [3H]dopamine. Cytosolic pH (pHi) was monitored by loading the
      synaptosomes with the H+-sensitive fluorescent indicator 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)
      5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) (see Nachshen, D. A., and P. Drapeau, 1988,
      Journal of General Physiology, 91:289-303). An abrupt decrease of the pH of the
      external medium, from 7.4 to 5.5, produced a slow decrease of pHi (over a 5-min
      period) from an initial value of 7.2 to a steady state level of approximately
      5.8. When 20 mM acetate was present in acidic media, pHi dropped as fast as could
      be measured (within 2 s) to a level similar to that reached (more slowly) in the
      absence of acetate. It was therefore possible to lower pHi over short time
      periods to different levels depending on whether or not acetate was present upon
      extracellular acidification. Extracellular acidification to pH 5.5 (in the
      absence of acetate) had no significant effect on pCai and dopamine release over a
      30-s period (pHi = 6.4). Acidification in the presence of acetate lowered pHi to
      5.8 without affecting pCai, but dopamine efflux increased approximately 20-fold.
      This increase in basal dopamine release was also observed in the absence of
      extracellular Ca. Thus, intraterminal, but not extracellular, acidification could
      stimulate the efflux of dopamine in a Ca-independent manner. The high Q10 (3.6)
      of acid-stimulated dopamine efflux in the presence of nomifensine (which blocks
      the dopamine carrier) was consistent with an activation of vesicular dopamine
      release by H+. When synaptosomes were both depolarized for 2 s in high-K (77.5
      mM) solutions and acidified (in the absence of acetate), there was a parallel
      block of 45Ca entry and evoked dopamine release (50% block at pH 6.0 with 0.2 mM
      external Ca). When acetate was included in the acidic media to further reduce
      pHi, Ca entry remained blocked, but evoked dopamine release was increased.
      Therefore, extracellular, but not cytosolic, acidification inhibited the release
      of dopamine by blocking voltage-gated Ca channels. The stimulation by cytosolic
      acidification of both basal and evoked dopamine release suggests that vesicular
      release in resting and depolarized synaptosomes was directly activated by
      cytoplasmic H+.

PMID- 3373182
TI  - Virus-specific polypeptides of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus recognized by
      monoclonal antibodies to virion proteins p24 and p14.
AB  - The proteins of an isolate of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) were
      analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced
      to the main core protein p24 and the small structural protein p14 also recognized
      two major polypeptides of Mr 41K and 55K in infected cell material, consistent
      with a precursor role for these gag polypeptides. In addition, the p24 MAbs
      detected a 33K polypeptide in extracellular virus preparations, while the p14
      MAbs reacted strongly with a polypeptide of 18K (corresponding to structural
      protein p18) and weakly with another of 21K. The use of these MAbs in an indirect
      fluorescent antibody method revealed an intracytoplasmic location of these viral
      antigens in both mononucleated and multinucleated (syncytial) infected cells.
      Cross-reactivity with several other isolates indicated that these MAbs may be
      useful for diagnosis of CAEV infection.

PMID- 3373183
TI  - Sex differences in visual and tactual modes of texture discrimination.

PMID- 3373184
TI  - The influence of gender on children's ratings of fear in self and same-aged
      peers.
AB  - In the present study, gender differences in children's fear were examined. Nine
      year-old children were asked to rate their own fears, the fears of their peers of
      the opposite gender, and the fears of their peers of the same gender, using the
      Fear Survey Schedule for Children--Revised (Ollendick, 1983). Consistent with
      previous investigations, the results revealed that boys rated themselves as less
      fearful than girls. In addition, both male and female judges rated "other boys"
      as less afraid than "other girls." These findings emerged whether fear was
      examined in terms of intensity or prevalence. Implications and suggestions for
      future research are discussed.

PMID- 3373185
TI  - The relationship between quality of attachment in infancy and IQ in kindergarten.
AB  - In this study, we hypothesized that securely attached infants would in
      kindergarten perform better on an intelligence test than anxiously attached
      children. No difference was expected between children of working mothers (working
      more than 15 hours outside the home) and children of full-time homemakers. Mother
      child pairs (N = 77; average age of child was 24 months) were observed during the
      Strange Situation procedure; three years later, 65 children completed the Leiden
      Diagnostic Test for measuring intelligence level. Results showed that the
      securely attached reference group attained the highest IQ. The working status of
      the mother did not appear to make a difference.

PMID- 3373186
TI  - Birth order and its relationship to depression, anxiety, and self-concept test
      scores in children.
AB  - Children (N = 404), 7 to 12 years old, were given the Children's Depression
      Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, and the Piers-Harris
      Self-Concept Scale. First-born children scored significantly lower on depression
      than second-, third-, fourth-born, and youngest children. First borns showed
      significantly less trait anxiety than third-born children. First-born children
      also showed significantly higher levels of self-esteem than second-born and
      youngest children. Girls in this study showed significantly more trait anxiety
      than boys.

PMID- 3373187
TI  - The immediate impact of aggressive cartoons on emotionally disturbed and learning
      disabled children.
AB  - The immediate impact of viewing aggressive cartoons on emotionally disturbed (ED)
      and learning disabled (LD) children's willingness to hurt another child was
      assessed. Fifteen ED and 23 LD children (M = 7.25 years old) viewed either an
      aggressive or a comparison cartoon and then played the Help-Hurt game. The
      children who watched the aggressive cartoon pressed the Hurt button for
      significantly more time than did those who were exposed to the comparison
      cartoon. Across cartoon conditions, the ED children pressed the Hurt button
      significantly longer than did their LD peers.

PMID- 3373188
TI  - Effects of a structured behavior modification treatment program on locus of
      control in behaviorally disturbed children.
AB  - The effect of a 10-day behavior modification treatment program on locus of
      control was investigated. The subjects were children (N = 130; 6 to 12 years old)
      with severe behavioral disorders who were predominantly from low socioeconomic
      backgrounds, from broken homes, and socially deprived. Pre- and post-testing was
      done with the Nowicki-Strickland Preschool and Primary Internal-External Control
      Scale (Nowicki & Duke, 1974) and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale
      for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973). Children between the ages of 10 and 12
      responded to therapy with a significant increase in internality, but younger
      children did not.

PMID- 3373189
TI  - The type A behavior pattern in children: relationships with performance on speed
      oriented tasks.
AB  - The Matthews Youth Test for Health (MYTH) was completed by teachers to evaluate
      85 fifth- and sixth-grade boys. Type A and B groups of 20 boys each were selected
      based on MYTH scores. Each boy performed a signalled reaction time task and a
      perceptual search task. No performance difference was found between the Type A
      and B boys on the reaction time task. On the perceptual search task, each boy had
      to scan a set of pictures and report the number of "Snoopy's" seen in each
      picture. A group difference in response time was found, with the Type A boys
      having a mean of 5.98 s versus 7.87 for the Type B boys.

PMID- 3373190
TI  - A developmental approach examining social and personal correlates in relation to
      alcohol use over time.
AB  - This study's aim was to determine the interrelationship of personality, peer, and
      parental domains and alcohol use over time during preadolescence and adolescence.
      Children and teenagers (N = 510; 9 to 18 years old) and their mothers were
      separately interviewed at two points in time, two years apart. The results were
      evaluated using multiple hierarchical regression analysis. In preadolescence,
      personality factors appear to serve as mediators for family and peer factors in
      relation to alcohol use over time whereas, in adolescence, peer and personality
      factors serve as mediators for family factors. Peer factors apparently become
      more important between preadolescence and adolescence, but parental factors do
      not seem to lose their importance. The theoretical implications and practical
      applications for alcohol education and alcohol abuse prevention programs are
      discussed.

PMID- 3373191
TI  - Is cancer survival poorer in Louisiana?

PMID- 3373192
TI  - Tobacco and cancer.

PMID- 3373194
TI  - ECG of the month. I don't remember the name. Ventricular bigeminy.

PMID- 3373193
TI  - Diet, nutrition, and cancer.

PMID- 3373195
TI  - Louisiana Tumor Registry.

PMID- 3373196
TI  - Short-form MMPI findings in patients with predominantly lateralized cerebral
      dysfunction. Neuropsychological and computerized axial tomography-derived
      parameters.
AB  - Short-form MMPI profiles of cerebrovascular accident and head injury patients
      with evidence of predominantly lateralized (N = 94) or diffuse (N = 59) cerebral
      damage were examined in conjunction with quantified computed axial tomographic
      and neuropsychological data. Results indicated that all groups tended to produce
      similar overall MMPI profiles, with primary elevations on Scales 8 (Sc) and 2
      (D). Across the sample as a whole, patients with left hemisphere damage displayed
      somewhat more frequent Scale 2 elevations, although this finding was influenced
      by etiology effects. Left frontal lesion size among patients with left hemisphere
      damage was negatively associated with Scale 2 scores, and right posterior lesion
      size was positively associated with Scale 2 scores among patients with right
      hemisphere damage. Longer lesion durations generally were associated with
      increased MMPI scores. Results underscore the complex and multidimensional nature
      of the interrelationships between affective processes and localized cerebral
      damage.

PMID- 3373197
TI  - Chest pain with negative cardiac diagnostic studies. Relationship to psychiatric
      illness.
AB  - A total of 98 patients with chest pain and no prior history of organic heart
      disease underwent a structured psychiatric interview at the time of cardiac
      diagnostic testing, either coronary arteriography or exercise treadmill. Patients
      with negative cardiac test results were significantly younger and more likely to
      be female, endorsed a greater number of autonomic symptoms with their chest pain,
      and were more likely to report atypical chest pain. These patients had
      significantly higher scores on measures of anxiety and negative life events and
      significantly greater prevalences of DSM-III panic disorder (47% vs. 6%), major
      depression (39% vs. 8%), and two or more simple phobias (43% vs. 12%) than did
      patients with cardiac test results demonstrating coronary artery disease. Using
      logistic regression, a model was developed to estimate the probability of
      negative cardiac test results from patient characteristics and psychiatric
      diagnoses.

PMID- 3373198
TI  - The positive/negative symptom distinction in psychoses. A replication and
      extension of previous findings.
AB  - The independence and internal consistency of Andreasen's positive and negative
      symptom scales was found to be good for schizophrenics but not for a comparison
      group of manic patients, supporting the assumption that the symptom distinction
      is diagnosis specific. Discriminant function analysis revealed that ratings of
      positive and negative symptoms are capable of predicting diagnostic category for
      the two groups with a high degree of accuracy.

PMID- 3373199
TI  - Thought disorder and associative cognitive dysfunction in the first-degree
      relatives of adult schizophrenics. A reply to Romney.
AB  - Contrary to both theoretical and empirical findings, Romney equates associative
      cognitive dysfunction with other manifestations of thought disorder. Moreover, he
      overstates the case for the documentation of thought disorder in the families of
      schizophrenics. We discuss his reaction to Callahan and Saccuzzo in the context
      of four major issues. We conclude that the evidence for thought disorder in the
      families of schizophrenics is weak and inconclusive. We call for more rigorous
      research as well as the exploration of viable alternatives.

PMID- 3373200
TI  - The effect of an educational program on the desire for treatment among impaired
      medical students.
AB  - Medical student impairment is recognized as a serious problem. Many medical
      schools attempt to treat or prevent impairment through the use of educational
      programs. However, the effectiveness of this method has not been tested. A major
      difficulty is that impaired students are often unwilling to seek help. I
      hypothesized that educational programs might help overcome this problem, and used
      a retrospective study to test for an association between attendance at a series
      of lectures about impairment and feeling the need for counseling among impaired
      medical students. A statistically significant association was found between
      having attended the lectures and feeling the need for counseling. This study
      supports the hypothesis that educational programs may be useful as a means of
      encouraging impaired medical students to seek treatment.

PMID- 3373201
TI  - Delayed hypertension with electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - A 74-year-old woman with essential hypertension underwent a course of
      electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the treatment of psychotic depression. Her
      treatments were associated with delayed and significant hypertension. Clonidine,
      which controlled her baseline blood pressure, was inadequate in treating her post
      ECT hypertension. Acute treatment with hydralazine also failed. Labetalol, a
      short-acting beta-blocking agent with some alpha-1 blocking activity, worked well
      both acutely (intravenously) and orally to manage essential and ECT-induced
      hypertension.

PMID- 3373202
TI  - Myocardial infarction: an unusual complication of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
AB  - A case of myocardial infarction in the absence of risk factors, concurrent with
      neuroleptic malignant syndrome, is presented, suggesting the existence of a
      causal relation between the two. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms will be
      discussed.

PMID- 3373203
TI  - Small sex differences in song control dendrites are associated with minimal
      differences in song capacity.
AB  - Previous work on canaries and zebra finches has shown that large differences
      between the sexes exist in the structure of dendrites in n. robustus
      archistriatalis (RA), one of the principal nuclei involved in the control of
      song. This sex difference is associated with a general or complete absence of
      song in females. If dendritic morphology in RA is causally related to capacity
      for song, large sex differences in structure should not occur in avian species in
      which both sexes sing. We now report this prediction confirmed for buff-breasted
      wrens (Thryothorus leucotis), a species in which the members of a breeding pair
      sing duets with each other. Total dendritic length and number of dendritic
      branches in RA do not differ in this species. Dendrites from males project about
      8 micron further from the cell body than dendrites from females, apparently
      because of longer dendritic segments near the cell body. We argue that this
      suggests that differential influences on the structure of RA occurred early in
      the lives of the wrens.

PMID- 3373205
TI  - Intersegmental modulation of abdominal postural responses initiated by
      mechanostimulation of the swimmeret in lobster.
AB  - In a multiganglionic preparation of the lobster abdominal nerve cord, composed of
      the first through fifth ganglia (A1-A5) and attached second swimmeret, tactile
      stimulation of the cuticular surface of the swimmeret initiates a postural motor
      program in A2 for abdominal extension, whereas deflection of feathered hair
      sensilla that fringe the swimmeret rami does not affect postural motor activity
      recorded from A2 (Kotak and Page, 1986a). This report demonstrates that partial
      isolation of A2 from adjacent abdominal ganglia by sectioning the A1-A2 or the A2
      A3 connectives both increases the strength of the extension response evoked by
      cuticular stimulation and disinhibits a postural flexion inhibition response
      initiated by feathered hair stimulation. Complete isolation of A2, by cutting the
      A1-A2 and the A2-A3 connectives, further increases the strength of these postural
      responses. Intersegmental inhibition of these responses originates in the ganglia
      adjacent to A2, since mechanoresponsiveness of A2 is not affected by resection of
      a more distant connective (A3-A4). These results provide evidence for the
      presence in adjacent abdominal ganglia of intersegmental interneurons that
      regulate the access of swimmeret sensory activity to the postural motor neurons
      in A2.

PMID- 3373204
TI  - Overlapping taste and tactile maps of the oropharynx in the vagal lobe of the
      channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
AB  - Microelectrode mapping experiments indicate an ipsilateral representation of the
      oropharynx and a well-defined, bilateral input from the proximal portion of the
      maxillary barbels and snout region within the vagal lobe of channel catfish. The
      map of the oropharyngeal epithelium is distorted so that the gill arches are
      rotated through an angle of 90 degrees along the transverse plane, and the
      dorsally mapped region of the gill rakers is tilted posteriorly in the sagittal
      plane of the vagal lobe. Multiunit recording studies fail to provide definitive
      boundaries of adjacently mapped domains of oropharyngeal structures. Gustatory
      receptive fields of neurons in the vagal lobe correspond to their location on the
      topological map obtained by tactile stimulation of the oropharyngeal epithelium.
      A few single unit recordings indicate restricted receptive fields and different
      response patterns of taste, tactile, and proprioceptive neurons in the vagal lobe
      of catfish.

PMID- 3373206
TI  - Generation of motor patterns for walking and flight in motoneurons supplying
      bifunctional muscles in the locust.
AB  - In the flight system of Locusta migratoria certain muscles move a wing and a leg
      (bifunctional muscles) and are active during the performance of walking and
      flight. A preparation that allowed intracellular recordings during these
      behaviors was developed to analyze the activity of motoneurons supplying these
      and other muscles. Motoneurons innervating bifunctional muscles were active
      during walking and flight, whereas motoneurons innervating unifunctional flight
      muscles were active only during flight. Both motor patterns, walking and flight,
      were sometimes generated simultaneously in our preparation. In bifunctional
      motoneurons the two patterns were superimposed, whereas in unifunctional
      motoneurons only the flight motor pattern was observed. All flight interneurons
      we examined were either inactive or tonically inhibited during walking. All
      interneurons that were strongly modulated during walking were either inactive,
      inhibited, or only weakly modulated during flight. Anatomical investigations
      showed that unifunctional flight motoneurons have their main processes in the
      extreme dorsal region of neuropil. With the exception of the second basalar
      motoneurons, all bifunctional motoneurons have their processes extending more
      ventrally in the neuropil. Flight interneurons have their processes restricted to
      the dorsal neuropil. Interneurons that were rhythmically active during walking
      had their processes distributed more ventrally. We conclude that motoneurons
      innervating bifunctional muscles are active during both motor patterns, walking
      and flight, and that these patterns are produced by two distinct interneuronal
      networks. The pattern-generating network for flight appears to be located in the
      extreme dorsal regions of the thoracic ganglia, and the network for walking is
      located more ventrally.

PMID- 3373207
TI  - Cyanide scavengers: kinetics of the reactions of cyanide with a water soluble
      cobalt(III) porphyrin.
AB  - The equilibrium and kinetic aspects of the interaction of cyanide with a model
      anticyanide drug cobalt(III)-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin [Co-P] were
      studied at 25 degrees C, I = 0.1 (NaNO3). At the physiologic pH of 7.4, 1.9 +/-
      0.1 mol of cyanide were rapidly bound per molecule of Co-P. The dissociation
      constant of cyanide from Co-P(H2O) (CN) was less than 10(-12), and the formation
      constant of Co-P(CN)2 from Co-P(H2O) (CN) and CN- was 3.5 X 10(6). From pH 4 to
      10.5, the kinetics of mono-cyano Co-P formation were first order in cyanide and
      porphyrin, with the following specific rate constants (units M-1 s-1): Co
      P(H2O)2/CN-, 3.1 X 10(2); Co-P(H2O) (OH)/CN-, 2.4 X 10(3); Co-P(OH)2/CN-, 5.1 X
      10(1) and Co-P(H2O)/HCN, 3.1 X 10(-3). At pH 7.4, a second cyanide molecule adds
      more rapidly than the first: Co-P(H2O) (CN)/CN-, 3 X 10(4) M-1 s-1. It is
      concluded that low molecular weight water soluble cobalt(III) porphyrins might be
      used as effectively and at lower dose levels than hydroxocobalamin (B12b), a
      known in vivo anticyanide agent.

PMID- 3373208
TI  - Porphyrin induced Z to B conversion of poly(dG-dC)2 in ethanol.
AB  - The water soluble porphyrins H2TMpyP-2, H2TMpyP-4, and CuTMpyP-4 are found to
      bind to Z-form poly(dG-dC)2 in 60% ethanol (v/v) and to facilitate the conversion
      of the polymer to the B form. Metalloporphyrins with axial ligands (MnTMpyP-4,
      ZnTMpyP-4) interact to some degree with the Z form, but do not lead to extensive
      conversion to the B form. The conversion of the Z form into the B form was
      determined by CD titration experiments, which were used to quantitate the
      fraction of poly(dG-dC)2 present in each conformation. Under all conditions each
      bound porphyrin molecule converts multiple base pairs from Z to B. The kinetics
      of porphyrin reactions with Z-poly(dG-dC)2 in 60% ethanol were measured using two
      different detection techniques. Stopped flow spectrophotometry was used to
      observe the time-dependent spectral changes associated with the porphyrins during
      the reaction. Time-dependent changes in the poly(dG-dC)2 conformation were
      observed directly using CD. The porphyrin absorbance changes under the conditions
      of these experiments have a much shorter half time (t1/2 approximately 0.1 to 2
      sec) than the CD changes (t1/2 approximately 10 sec). Thus it could be determined
      that a complex with spectral characteristics similar to those of the porphyrin
      intercalated into B-form poly(dG-dC)2 is produced while the polymer is
      predominantly in the Z form.

PMID- 3373209
TI  - Agonist and antagonist binding of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors purified
      from porcine brain: interconversion of high- and low-affinity sites by sulfhydryl
      reagents.
AB  - The affinity for muscarinic ligands of a preparation of muscarinic acetylcholine
      receptors purified from porcine brain was examined by means of competitive
      binding of [3H]quinuclidinylbenzylate and unlabeled ligands, followed by computer
      assisted nonlinear regression analysis. The displacements by antagonists fitted a
      single-site model. In contrast, the displacements by agonists did not fit the
      single-site model and could be explained by assuming two populations of binding
      sites. The proportion of the sites with high affinity for muscarinic agonists (H
      sites) ranged from 25 to 35% of the total number of sites. GTP had no effect on
      the displacements by agonists, a finding indicating that H-sites did not result
      from interaction between receptors and GTP-binding proteins. In the presence of
      dithiothreitol, the affinity for muscarinic ligands decreased. The largest
      effects were observed on the affinity for pirenzepine and that of H-sites for
      carbachol. Preincubation of the preparation with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic
      acid) resulted in an increase in the proportion of H-sites to 75% of the total
      number of binding sites. The results of sucrose density gradient centrifugation
      of the preparation indicated apparent heterogeneity as to molecular size of the
      receptors, but this heterogeneity did not correlate with that of the affinity for
      agonists. In addition, the receptors were detected as a single band on sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the preparation, regardless
      of the presence or absence of disulfide-reducing reagents. These results suggest
      that the redox state of thiol groups in the receptor molecules is relevant to
      their affinities for ligands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373210
TI  - Increase in extracellular dopamine in the striatum during cerebral ischemia: a
      study utilizing cerebral microdialysis.
AB  - Unilateral ligation of the left common carotid artery in anesthetized Mongolian
      gerbils resulted in a steep rise in extracellular dopamine in the ipsilateral
      striatum in 9 out of 19 animals. Extracellular dopamine was measured by cerebral
      dialysis in vivo and reached a peak of 0.19 mM at 40 min. At the same time, the
      level of homovanillic acid fell, whereas the levels of ascorbate and 3,4
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid remained relatively constant. In a separate group of
      animals studied with a combined dialysis/electrochemistry probe, a rise in the in
      vivo chronoamperometric signal in three out of six animals correlated with a rise
      in extracellular dopamine. The number of animals responding in these experiments
      (roughly 50%) corresponds to the frequency of incompetent Circle of Willis, as
      well as literature reports of the frequency of signs of stroke in unanesthetized
      gerbils. These results show a remarkable accumulation of dopamine in
      extracellular fluid in response to cerebral ischemia. Released dopamine appears
      to be responsible for the elevated in vivo electrochemical signal previously
      reported.

PMID- 3373211
TI  - Kinetics of choline uptake into isolated rat forebrain microvessels: evidence of
      endocrine modulation.
AB  - The active uptake of [methyl-3H]choline into isolated rat brain microvessel
      suspension was studied as a likely guide to the transport of choline across the
      blood-brain barrier. The method consisted primarily of incubation of the
      suspension with a fixed concentration of labeled choline in the presence of
      increasing concentrations of unlabeled choline or any other inhibitor (I) of
      active uptake, defined as the difference in uptake at 37 degrees and 0 degrees C.
      From the linear regression of (1/V) against [I], the following values of Vmax
      (nmol g-1 min-1) and Km (microM) were obtained for choline: 2-month-old males,
      10.6 +/- 3.8 and 6.1 +/- 0.9; 3-month old random females, 28.4 +/- 5.9 and 12.6
      +/- 4.0; females at metaestrus, 17.8 +/- 10.3 and 8.3 +/- 5.0; at diestrus, 31.1
      +/- 9.3 and 13.0 +/- 2.6; at proestrus, 54.9 +/- 2.2 and 14.0 +/- 1.5; at estrus,
      19.2 +/- 2.2 and 2.6 +/- 1.7. The differences between males and random females (p
      less than 0.018) and between females at proestrus and estrus (p less than 0.005)
      are significant. It is suggested that these inter- and intrasex variations in
      choline uptake reflect a dynamic adjustment of supply in accordance with brain
      demand for choline at the time of assay. Hemicholinium-3 was an effective
      inhibitor of choline uptake, Ki = 14.0 +/- 8.5 microM; dimethylaminoethanol was
      much less effective; and imipramine had no measurable effect.

PMID- 3373212
TI  - Effect of taurine on calcium accumulation in resting and depolarised insect
      synaptosomes.
AB  - The effect of taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) on 45Ca2+ accumulation in
      resting and depolarised synaptosomes obtained from the locust Schistocerca
      americana gregaria was studied. Taurine reduced 45Ca2+ accumulation in resting
      synaptosomes, and this effect was more pronounced when synaptosomes were
      depolarised with either high [K+] or veratridine. Veratridine-induced 45Ca2+
      accumulation was not affected by either gamma-aminobutyric acid or leucine, but
      was reduced by both verapamil and tetrodotoxin.

PMID- 3373213
TI  - Neuronotrophic factors released by C6 glioma cells.
AB  - Glial cells have been shown previously to release factors that promote survival
      of central and peripheral neurons [neuronotrophic factors (NTFs)]. We have
      investigated the release of NTFs by C6 cells, a rat glioma cell line, under
      different modes of conditioning. Media conditioned in the presence or absence of
      serum [C6 cell conditioned media (C6CMs)] were analyzed using biological,
      biochemical, and immunological assays. We report that (a) nuclear and
      cytoskeletal proteins were not present in C6CMs, indicating that C6CM proteins
      result from release by C6 cells rather than from cell death; (b) C6CM contained 1
      3 micrograms protein/ml, corresponding to a secretion rate of about 0.5 pg
      protein per cell and day; (c) C6CM contained the neurite-promoting factor laminin
      and low amounts of nerve growth factor; (d) the presence of fetal calf serum in
      the culture medium was essential for synthesis and release of NTFs; and (e) our
      C6CM contained at least three NTFs differing by their temporal secretory patterns
      and three NTFs differing by biochemical properties, indicating that C6 cells
      produce and secrete six different NTFs. Within these, nerve growth factor seems
      to be the only established NTF.

PMID- 3373214
TI  - Solubilization and characterization of a [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding site in rat
      brain.
AB  - A sodium-dependent high-affinity [3H]-hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HCh-3) binding site
      was solubilized from rat striatal synaptic plasma membranes by 0.2% deoxycholate.
      Deoxycholate solubilization of the [3H]HCh-3 binding site was dependent upon both
      detergent concentration and ionic strength of the solubilization medium. Specific
      [3H]HCh-3 binding to the solubilized preparation was both sodium- and chloride
      dependent and saturable, exhibiting an affinity of 14.2 nM and a capacity (Bmax)
      of 695 fmol/mg protein. Choline and other analogs inhibited specific [3H]HCh-3
      binding to the solubilized preparation in a concentration-dependent manner with
      the similar rank order of potency observed in crude synaptic membranes.
      Treatments known to disrupt both protein and lipid moieties resulted in
      diminished specific [3H]HCh-3 binding. These results suggest that the
      characteristics of the solubilized [3H]HCh-3 binding site are similar to those of
      the membrane-bound site.

PMID- 3373215
TI  - Formation of a new biogenic aldehyde adduct by incubation of tryptamine with rat
      brain tissue.
AB  - Tryptamine was degraded by incubation with rat brain homogenate to an unknown
      product. The reaction was stimulated by the nonionic detergents Triton X-100 and
      Lubrol PX and less by the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3
      cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS). The same results were
      obtained with pig brain and bovine brain. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor
      pargyline inhibited the reaction strongly, indicating the participation of the
      enzyme on the reaction. Addition of 17,000 g supernatant from rat brain
      homogenate increased the formation effectively whereas phospholipids or
      chloroform/methanol (7:3) extract from the 17,000 g supernatant showed only
      little or no effect. Chromatographic and electrophoretic properties as well as
      the chemical reaction of the product with specific reagents suggest that the
      compound consists of an indole part and an amino acid part. The product could be
      identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and by comparison with the
      synthetic substance (4R)-2-(3-indolylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.
      It is formed by the enzymatic oxidation of tryptamine producing indole-3
      acetaldehyde which spontaneously cyclizes with free L-cysteine from the tissue.
      The results suggest that the reaction of biogenic aldehydes with brain
      macromolecules may proceed via an analogous reaction.

PMID- 3373216
TI  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid release from synaptosomes prepared from rats treated with
      isonicotinic acid hydrazide and gabaculine.
AB  - The potassium-stimulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from
      synaptosomes was determined in preparations from control rats and from rats
      treated with a convulsant agent [isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH)] and an
      anticonvulsant agent (gabaculine). INH treatment brought about a significant
      decrease in Ca2+-dependent release of GABA with no effect on Ca2+-independent
      release, whereas gabaculine caused an increase in Ca2+-independent release with
      no effect on Ca2+-dependent release of GABA. Thus, the anticonvulsant action of
      gabaculine was not a simple reversal of the effects of INH on GABA release. The
      results indicate that there are at least two pools of GABA in nerve endings and
      support the hypothesis that exogenous GABA is taken up first into a pool that
      supplies GABA for Ca2+-independent release and then is transferred to a second
      pool (Ca2+-dependent releasable), where it mixes with newly synthesized GABA.

PMID- 3373217
TI  - Age-related bidirectional changes in neuropeptide Y peptides in rat adrenal
      glands, brain, and blood.
AB  - Age-related changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) regulation were studied in rat
      adrenal glands, brains, and blood by radioimmunoassay and biochemical
      characterization using reversed phase HPLC and gel filtration chromatography. NPY
      immunoreactivity (pmol/g tissue +/- SEM) in rat adrenal glands increased from 7
      +/- 1 (6 weeks old) to 1,500 +/- 580 (69 weeks old). Biochemical characterization
      by HPLC showed that this increase was due to those of NPY and methionine
      sulfoxide NPY. In contrast, in rat brain, NPY content decreased in an age
      dependent manner specifically in striatum, hippocampus, medulla oblongata, and
      spinal cord and the sulfoxide form was not detected. In rat blood, the
      circulating level of NPY was high (3-5 pmol/ml plasma +/- SEM) but did not change
      significantly with age or by adrenal demedullation. Only a small increase of the
      sulfoxide form of NPY was observed in aged rat plasma. The age-dependent changes
      in regulation and modification of NPY in adrenal glands and in specific brain
      areas may have physiological relevance in the regulation of catecholamine release
      from adrenal glands and some brain functions during aging.

PMID- 3373218
TI  - Differential alteration of various cholinergic markers in cortical and
      subcortical regions of human brain in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The main objective of the present study was to determine whether cholinergic
      markers (choline acetyltransferase activity and nicotinic and muscarinic
      receptors) are altered in Alzheimer's disease. Choline acetyltransferase activity
      in Alzheimer's brains was markedly reduced in various cortical areas, in the
      hippocampus, and in the nucleus basalis of Meynert. The maximal density of
      nicotinic sites, measured using the novel nicotinic radioligand N
      [3H]methylcarbamylcholine, was decreased in cortical areas and hippocampus but
      not in subcortical regions. M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptor sites were
      assessed using [3H]pirenzepine as a selective ligand; [3H]pirenzepine binding
      parameters were not altered in most cortical and subcortical structures, although
      the density of sites was modestly increased in the hippocampus and striatum.
      Finally, M2-like muscarinic sites were studied using [3H]-acetylcholine, under
      muscarinic conditions. In contrast to M1 muscarinic sites, the maximal density of
      M2-like muscarinic sites was markedly reduced in all cortical areas and
      hippocampus but was not altered in subcortical structures. These findings reveal
      an apparently selective alteration in the densities of putative nicotinic and
      muscarinic M2, but not M1, receptor sites in cortical areas and in the
      hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3373219
TI  - Relating cerebral ischemia and hypoxia to insult intensity.
AB  - The contributions of five variables believed to influence the brain's metabolism
      of O2 during hypoxia [duration, PaO2, delta CMRO2 (the difference between normal
      and experimental oxygen uptake), O2 availability (blood O2 content.CBF), and O2
      deficit (delta CMRO2.duration)] were assessed by stepwise and multiple linear
      regression. Levels of brain tissue carbohydrates (lactate, glucose, and glycogen)
      and energy metabolites [ATP, AMP, and creatine phosphate (CrP)] were
      significantly influenced by O2 deficit during hypoxia, as was final CMRO2. After
      60 min of reoxygenation, levels of tissue lactate, glucose, ATP, and AMP were
      related statistically to the O2 deficit during hypoxia; however, CMRO2 changes
      were always associated more significantly with O2 availability during hypoxia.
      Creatine (Cr) and CrP levels in the brain following reoxygenation were correlated
      more to delta CMRO2 during hypoxia. Changes in some brain carbohydrate (lactate
      and glucose), energy metabolite (ATP and AMP) levels, and [H+]i induced by
      complete ischemia were also influenced by O2 deficit. After 60 min of
      postischemic reoxygenation, brain carbohydrate (lactate, glucose, and glycogen)
      and energy metabolite (ATP, AMP, CrP, and Cr) correlated with O2 deficit during
      ischemia. We conclude that "O2 deficit" is an excellent gauge of insult intensity
      which is related to observed changes in nearly two-thirds of the brain
      metabolites we studied during and following hypoxia and ischemia.

PMID- 3373220
TI  - Didemnins and tunichlorin: novel natural products from the marine tunicate
      Trididemnum solidum.
AB  - Didemnins A, B, and C, cyclic depsipeptides previously reported by our laboratory
      from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum, have now been synthesized and,
      in the process, their structures have been revised to include the new amino acid
      (3S,4R,5S)-isostatine,C2H5CH(CH3)CHNH2CHOHCH2COOH. All other isomers of
      isostatine have also been prepared. Didemnin B is currently in Phase II clinical
      trials as an anticancer agent, and the antineoplastic activity, as well as the
      antiviral and immunosuppressive activities, of the didemnins are reviewed. A
      highly unusual porphynoid has also been isolated from T. solidum. The compound
      has been named tunichlorin and is apparently the first nickel-containing chlorin
      (and only the second nickel-containing porphyrin-related compound) identified
      from a living organism.

PMID- 3373221
TI  - Plant anticancer agents, XLVI. Cytotoxic casbane-type constituents of
      Agrostistachys hookeri.
AB  - In addition to the previously characterized agrostistachin, three additional
      cytotoxic macrocyclic casbane-type diterpenes were isolated from a CHCl3 extract
      of Agrostistachys hookeri, by bioactivity-guided fractionation using the P-388
      lymphocytic leukemia cell culture system. These novel compounds, 14
      dehydroagrostistachin, 17-hydroxyagrostistachin, and agroskerin, identified by
      spectral data comparison to agrostistachin and demonstrated ED50 values of 2.8,
      0.8, and 1.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, with cultured P-388 cells.

PMID- 3373222
TI  - Indoles in edible members of the Cruciferae.
AB  - Antimutagenic fractions from collards yielded indole-3-carboxaldehyde [4] and
      traces of indole-3-acetonitrile [2]. The compounds had no antimutagenic activity.
      An analytical procedure for various indoles in plants was developed based on
      reversed-phase hplc. The indoles studied included the 3-carbinol 1, the
      acetonitrile 2, the carboxaldehyde 4, the 3-carboxylic acid 5, and the 3-acetic
      acid 6. Many Cruciferae and non-Cruciferae were analyzed. The latter did not
      contain measurable quantities of these compounds. In the case of the Cruciferae-
      with the exception of collards, which consistently indicated the presence of the
      aldehyde 4--major indole found was the nitrile 2. Although a particularly careful
      search for the carbinol 1 was conducted, only trace levels were noted. A review
      of the literature indicates that the content and occurrence of this indole in
      plants have been heavily overestimated. Because of the low levels found in the
      Cruciferae, our studies indicate that the role of the compound as a dietary
      factor may be questionable.

PMID- 3373223
TI  - Native American food and medicinal plants, 8. Water-soluble constituents of
      Lomatium dissectum.
AB  - A continuing investigation of the umbellifer Lomatium dissectum has resulted in
      the isolation of a known flavonoid [1] and three coumarin glycosides [2-4], two
      of which are previously unreported. One of these new compounds [4] contains
      apiose, a sugar uncommon in the coumarins. The ichthyotoxicity of the plant
      extracts has been traced to the tetronic acids isolated earlier in this study.

PMID- 3373224
TI  - Isolation of deoxyshikonin, an antidermatophytic principle from Lithospermum
      erythrorhizon cell cultures.

PMID- 3373225
TI  - On the stereochemistry of fecapentaene-12.

PMID- 3373226
TI  - Isolation and structure determination of two new bioactive lipids from the gonads
      of a sea urchin, Stronglyocentrotus droebachiensis.

PMID- 3373227
TI  - Isolation of the antimicrobial alkaloid stemmadenine from Iraqi Rhazya stricta.

PMID- 3373228
TI  - Studies in the thymelaeaceae, V. 2'-Hydroxyflavone from Daphnopsis sellowiana:
      isolation and synthesis.
AB  - From the leaves of Daphnopsis sellowiana (Thymelaeceae), 2'-hydroxyflavone [1], a
      rare natural product, has been isolated and characterized through its
      spectroscopic properties. Confirmation of the structure was achieved through
      total synthesis, which also afforded adequate material for complete 13C-nmr
      analysis.

PMID- 3373229
TI  - Verrucofortine, a major metabolite of Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium, the
      fungus that produces the mycotoxin verrucosidin.
AB  - Verrucofortine [8], an alkaloid derived from tryptophan and leucine, has been
      isolated from the fungus Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium. The structure and
      absolute configuration have been established by a combination of spectroscopic
      and chemical techniques. Its structure is unrelated to that of other major
      metabolite of the organism, the highly toxic pyrone-type polyketide verrucosidin
      [1], which was previously reported to be a tremorgen. A second novel metabolite,
      normethylverrucosidin [3], has also been isolated and identified. Small
      quantities of several other secondary metabolites, ergosterol, cyclopenin [4],
      cyclopenol [5], and 3-O-methylviridicatin [6], were isolated. They are known
      fungal metabolites but had not previously been obtained from this fungus. Studies
      of verrucofortine toxicity in mice showed no apparent toxic effects at doses as
      high at 160 mg/kg ip.

PMID- 3373231
TI  - Antifungal activity of Trillium grandiflorum constituents.
AB  - EtOH extracts of the rhizomes and aboveground portion of Trillium grandiflorum
      showed significant antifungal activity. Bioassay directed fractionation has led
      to the identification of the active components as the saponin glycosides 1 and 3.

PMID- 3373230
TI  - Nmr studies of colchicine and its photoisomers, beta- and gamma-lumicolchicines.
AB  - Unambiguous 1H- and 13C-nmr assignments of colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and
      gamma-lumicolchicine have been obtained using a combination of 1D- and 2D-nmr
      spectroscopic techniques. The data indicate that gamma-lumicolchicine is a
      stereoisomer of beta-lumicolchicine and provide definitive evidence for their
      stereochemical assignments.

PMID- 3373232
TI  - Prevention of pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and activation of
      murine macrophages by a novel organic germanium compound, PCAGeS.
AB  - The pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma was strongly blocked by daily
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with 0.5 mg of PCAGeS/kg/day for 7 days after
      tumor implantation. The metastasis-preventive activity of PCAGeS was markedly
      reduced when mice were treated with carrageenan, a macrophage blocker. On the
      other hand, treatment with antiasialo GM1 antiserum did not significantly affect
      the percentage of inhibition of metastasis by the compound. These results suggest
      that macrophages rather than natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in
      the suppression of metastasis by PCAGeS. PCAGeS induced tumoristatic and
      tumoricidal activities in the peritoneal macrophages of mice by oral
      administration. The activity of NK cells was also augmented by i.p. treatment
      with the compound. These results suggest that PCAGeS is a useful substance for
      preventing pulmonary metastasis.

PMID- 3373233
TI  - Novel antigenic markers of human tumor regression.
AB  - The development of tumor-specific antibodies was studied in a group of cancer
      patients undergoing active specific immunotherapy with irradiated human
      allogeneic and autochthonous (autologous) tumor cells injected by the
      intralymphatic route. Immunoblotting studies on extracts of various established
      tumor cell cultures and fresh tumor biopsies were performed using sera from these
      patients. Evaluable tumor regressions were associated with detection of
      antibodies against human tumor cell antigens of 22,000 daltons (22 kd), 38,000
      daltons (38 kd), 43,000 daltons (43 kd), and 70,000 daltons (70 kd). Similar
      antigens of approximately 22, 43, and 70 kd have also been detected in fresh
      extracts of certain human tumor tissues when tested with antisera from patients
      responding to immunotherapy. Production of antibodies to these antigens may play
      a role in tumor regression with active specific immunotherapy. These human
      regression-associated antigens may, therefore, represent novel agents for cancer
      immunotherapy.

PMID- 3373234
TI  - Preventive effects of several chemicals against lethality of recombinant human
      tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Toxicity has been observed in mice receiving recombinant human tumor necrosis
      factor (rhTNF). In the present experiments, several chemicals were used to
      determine whether they could prevent the lethality of rhTNF without impairing its
      antitumor activity. Injection of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, and
      lipoxygenase inhibitors at the same time as rhTNF administration could prevent
      the lethality of rhTNF, but the antitumor activity was also reduced. Urinastatin
      and reduced glutathione could prevent the lethality while reducing the activity.
      In contrast, by pretreatment with O2 scavengers, the lethality of rhTNF was
      markedly reduced without impairment of the antitumor activity of rhTNF.
      Antihistamines exerted no influence on the lethality of rhTNF. Histopathologic
      examinations have demonstrated that the capillaries of the tumor tissue show
      aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin adherent to the vascular surface
      after TNF administration. Heparin or protamine revealed no effects against the
      lethality of rhTNF. These results strongly suggest that the arachidonic cascade
      is deeply related to the antitumor activity of TNF and its side effects.
      Pretreatment with O2 scavengers, especially bismuth subnitrate, could prevent the
      lethality of rhTNF without impairing its antitumor activity.

PMID- 3373235
TI  - A peptidoglycan monomer as an antitumor agent in mice: stimulation of
      phagocytosis by resident peritoneal macrophages with peptidoglycan monomer.
AB  - Peptidoglycan monomer (dissacharide-pentapeptide, PGM) from Brevibacterium
      divaricatum is an immunomodulator and an antitumor agent. As part of our
      investigation of the antitumor properties of PGM in mice, its potential to
      stimulate phagocytosis by resident peritoneal macrophages was assessed. Inbred
      CBA/H/Zg tau mice (kept under conventional conditions) were used, and a simple
      and brief method was developed to evaluate phagocytosis. It consisted of a short
      (10 min) coincubation of yeast cells (YCs) with peritoneal cells (PCs) and
      microscopic (phase-contrast) scoring of YC ingestion. Three samples of PGM were
      injected intravenously into mice (60 mg/kg), and PCs were collected from groups
      of recipients 8, 16, 24, 48, or 72 h later. All samples temporarily increased
      phagocytosis, but the extent and duration of the effect varied. Stimulation of
      phagocytosis also occurred after in vitro exposure (3 h) of PCs to PGM, or to the
      pentapeptide (PP) part of its molecule. We concluded that PGM could enhance
      phagocytosis by resident peritoneal macrophages in vivo and in vitro, the PP
      being the active component in vitro.

PMID- 3373236
TI  - Endogenous production of cytotoxic factors in serum of BCG-primed mice by
      monophosphoryl lipid A, a detoxified form of endotoxin.
AB  - Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a detoxified form of endotoxin, was evaluated for
      its ability to elicit cytotoxic factors in the serum of mice pretreated with BCG.
      BDF1 mice were given a priming dose of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
      intravenously (i.v.). Two weeks later, these mice were challenged with MPL i.v.
      and their serum was tested for cytotoxicity against Lewis lung carcinoma cells
      growing in culture. A well-tolerated dose of MPL induced substantial serum
      cytotoxic activity comparable to that found after a toxic dose of endotoxin. The
      effective dose of MPL for eliciting serum cytotoxicity was 20 times less than the
      toxic dose of MPL in BCG-primed mice. No serum cytotoxicity was induced by MPL
      without prior treatment with BCG or in mice exposed to BCG for less than 10 days.
      The i.v. route of administration was superior to intraperitoneal, intrapleural,
      or subcutaneous routes for both BCG priming and induction of serum activity with
      MPL. Serum manifested TNF-like activity in that it was heat-stable, not species
      specific, more effective against tumor than normal cell lines, and more effective
      against a TNF-sensitive than a TNF-resistant cell line. We conclude that MPL is
      an effective, well-tolerated biological response modifier that triggers
      production of cytotoxic factors in serum of mice with an activated
      reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 3373237
TI  - A phase I study of T101-ricin A chain immunotoxin in refractory chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to alkylating agents
      were treated with T101-ricin A chain immunotoxin (T101-RTA) as part of a phase I
      study. Over a 4-week period, each patient received eight intravenous infusions of
      3 mg/m2 T101-RTA over 1 h. All infusions were well tolerated. Patients had mild
      fevers but no other systemic toxicities. In vivo binding of T101-RTA was detected
      by FACS analysis using anti-mouse Ig-FITC or anti-A chain-FITC antibody
      conjugates. Saturation of circulating leukemic cell-associated target antigen was
      achieved in three of the patients. Available CD5 sites per cell dropped
      precipitously at the completion of infusions in all four patients, returning to
      within 30% of baseline by 24 h. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed rapid clearance
      of T101-RTA, with wide interpatient variability in peak serum levels (the highest
      levels in those patients who saturated their circulating CD5 antigen with
      immunotoxin). Although no patient developed detectable levels of antimurine
      antibodies, one patient did have a rising titer of anti-ricin A chain antibody
      associated with declining peak serum levels of immunotoxin. All patients had a
      rapid fall in WBC count of less than 24-h duration after each T101-RTA infusion,
      most likely secondary to the antibody portion of immunotoxin. No sustained
      benefit could be demonstrated in any patient, possibly because in the absence of
      an enhancing agent the leukemic cells of all four patients were resistent to T101
      RTA at concentrations up to 2,000 ng/ml in vitro.

PMID- 3373238
TI  - Antibodies against saline-soluble components of skeletal muscle in myasthenia
      gravis.
AB  - Antibodies against phosphate-buffered-saline extracts (SE) of non-acetylcholine
      receptor (AChR) skeletal muscle antigens were found in patients with myasthenia
      gravis (MG). The antigenicity of SE was distributed in three fractions with
      molecular masses of over 200 kDa, 90-150 kDa and 7-14 kDa on gel filtration.
      These fractions shared common antigenicities. Further analysis of 90-150 kDa
      fractions on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed
      five major bands, ranging from 105 kDa to 275 kDa. The antibodies against SE were
      detected in 52% (58/112) of the MG patients; incidence and titres were higher in
      the thymoma group (n = 21; 90% and 0.872 respectively) than in the non-thymoma
      group (n = 91; 43% and 0.200, P less than 0.001). In patients without a thymoma,
      these antibodies were frequently observed in late-onset disease and the severe
      generalized form (P less than 0.01). In 4 of 7 ocular MG patients without anti
      AChR antibodies, low but appreciable levels of anti-SE antibodies were found. In
      73% (11/15) of generalized MG patients treated with prednisolone and thymectomy,
      anti-SE antibody titres changed in association with those of anti-AChR antibodies
      and with the clinical course. Both antibody titres increased synchronously in
      patients who developed crises.

PMID- 3373240
TI  - Bulbocavernosus reflex latencies and somatosensory evoked potentials after
      pudendal nerve stimulation in the diagnosis of impotence.
AB  - The bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) was examined in 39 normal potent men and in 252
      patients with impaired potency of varying aetiology. For BCR evaluation minimum,
      maximum and mean latencies, the temporal dispersion in ten successive responses,
      together with minimum and maximum side differences from simultaneous recordings
      of the left and right bulbocavernosus muscles were determined. Pathological
      findings were detected in 125 patients. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs)
      recorded from the scalp after stimulation of the penile dorsal nerves and the
      terminal branches of the pudendal nerve were investigated in 30 controls and in
      246 patients. An abnormal SSEP was found in 63 patients.

PMID- 3373239
TI  - Post-hypoxic action (intention) myoclonus: a clinico-electroencephalographic
      study.
AB  - A patient with post-hypoxic action myoclonus classified as reticular reflex
      myoclonus was subjected to an electrophysiological investigation. The myoclonic
      movements involved mainly the legs but could also affect the whole body.
      Somatosensory evoked responses were not increased and electroencephalography
      (EEG) was normal when the patient was relaxed. Startle, self-paced movement or
      movement on command induced repetitive myoclonic jerks preceded and accompanied
      by repetitive small spikes in the EEG with phase reversal in the midline at the
      vertex or slightly posterior to it, regardless of the limb moved. The central
      spiking subsided considerably earlier than the myoclonic jerks as shown by
      polygraphic recordings. The EEG spikes were also provoked by mere imagination of
      movement and persisted in spite of a dramatic reduction of myoclonic activity
      after treatment with clonazepam. The observations suggest that the vertex spiking
      in post-hypoxic action myoclonus indicates synchronous cortical activation, but
      is not closely coupled with activation of the Betz cells of layer V where the
      pyramidal pathway originates.

PMID- 3373241
TI  - Chronic intractable pain: an atypical presentation of multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Both acute paroxysmal pains and a variety of chronic pain syndromes have been
      described in multiple sclerosis. These usually occur in the setting of well
      established disease. Although paroxysmal pain has been recognized as a rare first
      symptom in this disorder, presentation with severe, continuous dysesthesias of
      long duration has not been previously appreciated. We report the cases of three
      patients in whom refractory continuous pain signalled the onset of demyelinating
      disease. These observations further define the clinical spectrum of multiple
      sclerosis and have implications for the evaluation of patients with chronic
      neuropathic pains of unknown etiology.

PMID- 3373242
TI  - Persistent intrathecal secretion of oligoclonal, Borrelia burgdorferi-specific
      IgG in chronic meningoradiculomyelitis.
AB  - In the cerebrospinal fluid IgG of five patients with lymphomeningoradiculitis
      (Bannwarth's syndrome) and radiculomyelitis studied by immunoblot technique an
      oligoclonal pattern was found. Most of these oligoclonal bands were specific for
      Borrelia burgdorferi. In patients suffering from chronic meningoradiculomyelitis,
      repeated CSF examination by this technique showed persistent secretion of
      identical IgG bands. Thus, the specific humoral immune response and the disease
      activity could be documented over the course of the disease.

PMID- 3373243
TI  - Altered serotonin uptake kinetics in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Platelet serotonin uptake was studied in 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)
      in acute relapse and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. While there was no
      difference in the maximum velocity of the uptake, Michaelis constants were
      significantly higher and correlated positively with the Disability Status Scale
      score. The results suggest a competitive block of the serotonin uptake sites in
      platelets of MS patients.

PMID- 3373244
TI  - Associated central and peripheral demyelination: an electrophysiological study.
AB  - A case is reported in which retrobulbar neuritis preceded Guillain-Barre syndrome
      by 4 weeks. The visual evoked potential latencies were prolonged. After
      peripheral nervous system signs had cleared, median and peroneal somatosensory
      evoked potentials showed prolonged cervical N13, scalp N20 and L3-scalp
      conduction times.

PMID- 3373245
TI  - Incidence of multiple sclerosis: a periodic or stable phenomenon.
AB  - For diseases of unknown aetiology, the question as to whether the incidence is
      constant or variable is very important. A study on multiple sclerosis in a
      defined northern area of the German Democratic Republic showed a prevalence of
      68.6 and an incidence rate of 3.0. Retrospective and prospective investigations
      concerning an observation period of 22 years revealed cyclic periods (6-7 years)
      of high incidence rates (up to 4.5) interrupted by shorter intervals (4-5 years)
      with low rates (about 1.8). The differences (1963-1968 vs. 1969-1973, 1974-1978
      vs. 1979-1983) are significant. In accordance with the findings of Kurtzke et al.
      on a cyclic outbreak of multiple sclerosis in the Faroes and Iceland, our results
      are considered to be a consequence of environmental factors, such as epidemic
      viral infections.

PMID- 3373246
TI  - Pupillary light reflex and quantitative sensory and motor neural function tests
      in diabetic patients.
AB  - In 29 diabetic subjects with or without symptoms of diabetic peripheral and
      autonomic neuropathy, the association between the pupillary light reflex (the
      latency of the constriction of the pupil) and various sensory and motor neural
      measurements, duration of diabetes and quality of glycaemic control was
      evaluated. Compared with normal subjects the latency of the constriction reaction
      of the pupil was significantly prolonged in the group of diabetics (mean +/- SEM:
      236.3 +/- 5.8 ms versus 210.5 +/- 3.7; P less than 0.001). Thermal discrimination
      thresholds were positively correlated with the latency of the constriction
      reaction of the pupil (r = 0.43, P less than 0.025). Vibratory perception
      threshold, motor nerve conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve, H-M interval of
      the Hoffmann reflex and duration of diabetes were not correlated with the
      constriction latency, whereas glycaemic control showed a weak correlation. It is
      concluded that there may be a relationship between autonomic (parasympathetic)
      pupillary dysfunction and peripheral small nerve fibre dysfunction.

PMID- 3373247
TI  - Acute encephalitis with intrathecal synthesis of measles antibodies.
AB  - In two cases of acute encephalitis, there was an intrathecal antibody synthesis
      against measles virus, as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
      The clinical findings were not consistent with a usual measles infection,
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or acute multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3373248
TI  - Undetectable thyrotropin levels using immunoradiometric assay in L-dopa-treated
      patients.

PMID- 3373249
TI  - Parenting needs of abusing parents: development of a tool for evaluation of a
      parent education class.

PMID- 3373250
TI  - Parenting the mentally retarded adolescent: a framework for helping families.

PMID- 3373251
TI  - Does monitoring have an effect on patient safety? Monitoring instruments are no
      substitute for careful clinical observation.

PMID- 3373253
TI  - Abstracts of scientific papers, Fifth International Symposium on Computing in
      Anesthesia and Intensive Care. May 16-20, 1988, San Diego, California.

PMID- 3373254
TI  - Medical measurement perils.

PMID- 3373252
TI  - Mass spectrometer artifact: simultaneous detection of two volatile anesthetics.
AB  - In several cases, a mass spectrometer indicated that both enflurane and
      isoflurane were being detected while only isoflurane was in use. The
      concentration of expired enflurane reported was always higher than the inspired
      concentration, but never exceeded 0.66% regardless of the concentration of
      isoflurane. Such mass spectrometer readings may be evidence of vaporizer
      contamination or malfunction of the vaporizer; however, in this case, the mass
      spectrometer was found to be out of calibration. Because mass spectrometers are
      recent additions to clinical equipment, procedures for routine calibration and
      maintenance must be carefully scrutinized and evaluated.

PMID- 3373255
TI  - Transorally obtained oxygen tension as an indicator of arterial oxygen tension.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen electrodes have been used with success in neonates as
      indicators of arterial oxygenation, but with less success in adults because of
      differences in skin thickness and vascularity. In this study, a prototype
      transoral oxygen electrode was evaluated to determine if a heated mucous membrane
      would yield arterialized values of oxygen tension in adults. Using a miniaturized
      Clark electrode, we measured transoral oxygen tension (PtoO2) in 29 subjects at
      steady-state conditions. Simultaneously a sample was anaerobically obtained from
      a radial artery for measurement of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2). Data were
      analyzed using linear regression analysis, Student's t test, and analysis of
      variance. There was no statistically significant difference between nonwhite and
      white subjects or male and female subjects. There was a highly significant
      difference (P less than 0.001) between the pooled, matched values for PtoO2
      versus PaO2, and the regression between the PtoO2 and the PaO2 was linear (slope
      0.92, y-intercept -8.37, r = 0.62, P less than 0.003). The calculated ratio of
      PtoO2 to PaO2 was 0.83 +/- 0.03 (standard error). We concluded that the PtoO2 was
      linearly related to the PaO2, although its accuracy in reflecting PaO2 was low.
      This finding correlates with previously published data that suggested that the
      PtoO2 reflects tissue oxygen tension rather than arterialized oxygen tension.
      Gender and race appeared not to affect the function of the electrode in our
      study.

PMID- 3373256
TI  - Measurement of right atrial oxygen saturation by fiberoptic oximetry accurately
      reflects mixed venous oxygen saturation in swine.
AB  - Continuous fiberoptic measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) via a
      pulmonary artery catheter is a useful, though invasive, monitoring technique.
      Continuous right atrial venous oxygen saturation measurement by oximetry offers
      the potential of a significantly less invasive SvO2 measurement. However,
      catheter motion, character of the vessel, chamber wall reflection, the filtering
      technique involved in calculating oxygen saturation, and the streaming of venous
      blood prior to ventricular mixing may influence the feasibility of continuous
      right atrial (RA) SvO2 measurement. This study investigated the performance of
      fiberoptically measured RA SvO2, at a position 2 cm from the tricuspid valve,
      relative to simultaneously measured pulmonary artery (PA) SvO2. Ten pigs were
      subjected to circulatory shock or chemically induced lung damage. Over a total
      monitoring period of approximately 40 hours, 464 paired data points were sampled
      at 5-minute intervals. The difference between the overall means of RA and PA SvO2
      was 0.91% with a standard error of the estimate of 4.7%, a regression equation of
      RA SvO2 = PA SvO2 (0.94 + 2.1) PA So2, and a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Our
      conclusion, although extrapolated from a pig model, is that fiberoptic SvO2
      monitoring may be accomplished less invasively and at a lower cost with a right
      atrial catheter.

PMID- 3373257
TI  - Astrocytoma in children: 14 years' experience at Stanford University Medical
      Center.
AB  - Between January 1, 1971 and December 31, 1984, 50 children (31 males, 19 females)
      ages 3 1/2 months to 18 years with primary CNS astrocytoma were seen in the
      Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center. The
      actuarial survival and freedom from relapse (FFR) for the treated group is 46%,
      with a median follow-up of 7.2 years and a maximum follow-up of 14 years. The
      majority of relapses occurred within the first 2 years of diagnosis, and all
      relapses occurred at or adjacent to the initial site of tumor. Multivariate
      analysis revealed that factors correlated with poor survival are high histologic
      grade (including presence of necrosis) and primary tumor in the brain stem, while
      the only important prognostic factor associated with an adverse FFR is high
      histologic grade. Age, sex, degree of surgical resection, and total radiation
      dose to the tumor are not correlated with outcome. Patients with high-grade tumor
      were selected to receive whole brain irradiation and/or adjuvant chemotherapy;
      therefore, the findings of apparent poor prognosis associated with whole brain
      irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy actually reflect patient selection. Current
      therapy is adequate for only half of children with astrocytoma. Thus, continued
      development of innovative therapies is indicated, particularly for those children
      with adverse prognostic factors.

PMID- 3373258
TI  - Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in infants: clinical presentation and outcome.
AB  - The presenting features and clinical outcome of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia
      (ANLL) in infants and older children were compared to identify any differences
      that might suggest methods to improve therapy. Twelve of the 29 infants were boys
      and 17 were girls, with ages ranging from two days to 12 months (median, 7
      months). By comparison with 222 patients greater than 1 year of age, infants were
      significantly more likely to have monoblastic or myelomonoblastic leukemia (P
      less than .0001), chloroma (P less than .0001), marked hepatomegaly (P = .001),
      and high leukocyte count (P = .005) and were less likely to have Auer rods (P
      less than .001). Each of these features except leukocyte count showed an
      association with infant ANLL in a multivariate analysis. Twenty-four (83%) of the
      infants attained a complete remission, a rate that was not significantly
      different from that of the older children. Even though infants had a
      significantly higher CNS relapse rate (P = .003), their event-free survival times
      were no different than those of older children (P = .74). Ten of the infants
      remain in initial complete remission for 5+ to 112+ months (median, 52+ months).
      Infants with ANLL did not have a poorer prognosis than older patients in our
      study; future protocols for this age group should emphasize more effective
      systemic therapy, preferably including an epipodophyllotoxin, as well as improved
      treatment for subclinical CNS leukemia.

PMID- 3373260
TI  - A randomized phase I and II study of short-term infusion of high-dose
      fluorouracil with or without N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid in patients with
      advanced pancreatic and colorectal cancers.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies who had not
      received previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy were randomized to be treated
      either with 24-hour infusion of weekly fluorouracil (5-FU) or the same plus N
      (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA). Forty-seven patients were evaluable for
      the assessment of toxicity and antitumor activity. PALA was administered as an
      intravenous (IV) bolus over 15 minutes at a fixed dose, 250 mg/m2. The latter
      agent was administered 24 hours before the start of 5-FU infusion. 5-FU was
      initially administered at 750 mg/m2 and was incrementally increased to 3,400
      mg/m2. In both arms of the randomized study, the courses were repeated every
      week. In both arms of the study, ataxia and myelosuppression were the dose
      limiting toxic effects. At 5-FU dose of 3,400 mg/m2, one patient in each arm
      developed grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Other reversible side effects included
      grade 2 skin changes, nausea, and vomiting. During the administration of 2,600
      mg/m2 of 5-FU over 24 hours, the steady state plasma 5-FU concentration was
      approximately 20 mumol/L. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for 5-FU for
      protracted treatment is 2,600 mg/m2 in either arm of the study. Therapeutic
      response was predominantly seen in the combination arm: there were two patients
      with complete response (CR) and 11 patients with partial response (PR) of 28
      patients in the study. In the 5-FU alone arm there were four PR and 19 patients
      in the study.

PMID- 3373259
TI  - Extended mantle radiation therapy for pathologic stage I and II Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - Between 1968 and 1983, 135 patients with pathologic stage (PS) I and II Hodgkin's
      disease were treated with extended mantle radiation technique (EMRT) at Michael
      Reese Hospital and the University of Chicago Center for Radiation Therapy. EMRT
      combines both standard mantle and para-aorta fields (M-PA) in one port. Actuarial
      disease-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 82.5%. Actuarial overall survival was
      96% and 83% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Acute complications were evaluated
      in 112 patients available for analysis. Severe nausea and vomiting occurred in
      13%, weight loss of greater than 10% of body weight in 19%, and acute hematologic
      toxicity in 4% of patients. Bone marrow suppression was transient and did not
      interfere with subsequent delivery of salvage treatment with either chemotherapy
      or radiation therapy in 22 patients who relapsed. The cost of EMRT is 40% lower
      than the cost of treatment with M-PA. The median treatment time was 38 days, 33%
      less than the 56 days for M-PA field assuming no interruptions. These results
      suggest that the EMT is a safe and effective treatment tolerated by most
      patients. The advantages of this method are eliminating the possibility of
      technical error of matching between mantle and para-aortic field, decreasing
      overall treatment time, and reducing the cost.

PMID- 3373262
TI  - Prognostic factors for colon cancer.

PMID- 3373263
TI  - Residual mass in lymphoma may not be residual disease.

PMID- 3373261
TI  - Clinical use of a standard kit-preparation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody
      96.5 in the diagnostic imaging of metastatic melanoma.
AB  - We studied the efficiency of a standard-kit preparation using 1 mg 111In-labeled
      96.5 monoclonal antibody in combination with 19 mg of unlabeled antibody in the
      diagnostic imaging of 27 patients with documented metastatic melanoma. Twenty
      three of 26 patients (88%) demonstrated immunoscintigraphic localization of
      tumor. Of 104 metastatic sites previously documented by conventional studies, 62
      (60%) were identified by immunoscintigraphy. A total of 77 sites demonstrated
      localization of radiolabeled antibody. Fifty-four (70%) corresponded to known
      sites of disease; eight sites (10%) were "discovered" by immunoscintigraphy and
      subsequently confirmed by conventional studies; 15 imaged sites (20%) could not
      be confirmed by conventional studies. Size and location of metastasis appear to
      be important features that influence imaging efficiency. Tumor size (greater than
      or equal to 2 cm v less than 2 cm) appears to be the statistical dominant
      determinant. The feasibility and potential clinical use of radioimmune imaging of
      tumors is discussed.

PMID- 3373265
TI  - The significance of residual mediastinal abnormality on the chest radiograph
      following treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - The chest radiographs (CXRs) of 110 patients with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease
      (HD) were reviewed to determine the incidence, degree, and significance of
      mediastinal abnormalities following treatment. Residual mediastinal abnormalities
      were defined as either minimal or measurable, and occurred in 64% of all patients
      at the completion of treatment, but were more common in those with bulky
      mediastinal disease at presentation (40 of 48, 83%). Fifty-one patients with a
      mediastinal abnormality at the end of treatment had follow-up films available.
      Partial or complete regression of the abnormality occurred by 1 year in 30 of
      these patients (59%). Over a median follow-up of 80.5 months, there were more
      relapses (13 of 70, 19%) in patients with residual abnormalities following
      treatment than in those where the mediastinum was considered normal (four of 40,
      10%). Measurable abnormality was associated with a higher relapse rate (six of
      25, 24%) than minimal abnormality (seven of 45, 16%), but none of these
      differences were statistically significant. the subsequent relapse rate for
      patients with persisting abnormality at 1 year was 14%, compared with 17% for
      patients in whom regression had occurred and 14% in whom the mediastinum had
      always been considered normal. Considering the whole group, the presence of a
      mediastinal abnormality following treatment did not predict for relapse, but for
      the 34 patients treated by chemotherapy (CTR) alone, a residual abnormality was
      associated with a significantly higher relapse rate (P = .029). We conclude that
      following mediastinal radiotherapy (XRT) administered either alone or combined
      with CTR, residual mediastinal abnormalities do not indicate the need for further
      treatment. However, following CTR alone, such abnormalities may signify
      persisting disease and we recommend that XRT be considered for these patients.

PMID- 3373264
TI  - Surgical adjuvant treatment of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 3373268
TI  - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary in children: a clinical study of 15
      cases.
AB  - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) in children accounted for 12% of all ovarian
      tumors treated in the Institut Gustave-Roussy (IGR) Pediatric Department from
      1967 to 1985. The median age of the 15 girls was 8 years 7 months (range, 22
      months to 15 years 7 months). Precocious pseudopuberty was present in six of the
      seven girls under 8 years. Of the other seven girls, one developed virilization
      symptoms. Surgery was the first treatment in each case. According to the Wollner
      classification, there were six stage I, one stage II, six stage III (including
      four ruptured tumors), and one stage IV JGCT cases. One patient was not available
      for staging. An adjuvant treatment (five chemotherapy and one radiotherapy
      combined with chemotherapy) was administered to six patients. Eleven girls are
      alive and free of disease, with a median follow-up of 6 years (range, 2 to 18
      years). Four girls relapsed 6 to 17 months after surgery and died. Two of these
      relapses occurred in bone. The prognosis for JGCT in children is favorable for
      the lower stages when treated with surgery, but the best treatment for extensive
      and recurrent disease has yet to be determined.

PMID- 3373267
TI  - The impact of aggressive debulking surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy on
      progression-free survival in stage III and IV ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - Forty consecutive patients with stage III and IV invasive ovarian carcinoma were
      treated on a phase II protocol consisting of optimal debulking surgery, induction
      cisplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) chemotherapy, 6
      month interval laparoscopy, reinduction cisplatin, PAC chemotherapy, and second
      look procedure. All 40 patients have either disease progression or have completed
      the 12-month protocol. Eighty-seven percent of the patients (35) underwent
      optimal (less than or equal to 2 cm residual) debulking surgery before
      chemotherapy, in spite of the fact that 50% (20) were referred to Roswell Park
      Memorial Institute (RPMI) as inoperable after initial surgery elsewhere. There
      were no postoperative deaths and chemotherapy was started in less than or equal
      to 14 days in 97% of the patients. Of the 40 patients, 30% (12) achieved a
      pathologic complete remission (11) or a clinical complete remission (one patient
      refused second-look surgery). The estimated 3-year survival rate was 62%, but the
      3-year progression-free survival rate was only 29%. The median survival time was
      48 months. The estimated 3-year progression-free survival rate was 31% for
      residual disease less than or equal to 2 cm. For the five patients with residual
      disease greater than 2 cm, four died within 3 years. The median survival time of
      patients with less than or equal to 2 cm residual disease was 48 months, as
      compared with 21 months for those with greater than 2 cm residual disease.
      Although the estimated 3-year survival rate of 62% is noteworthy, the 3-year
      progression-free survival rate of only 29% is probably indicative that in spite
      of extensive debulking surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy as used in this
      protocol, the long range proportion of patients "cured" will remain small.

PMID- 3373266
TI  - Feasibility and efficacy of weekly intraarterial cisplatin in locally advanced
      (stage III and IV) head and neck cancers.
AB  - Thirty-five consecutive patients with primary unresectable head and neck cancers
      were considered eligible for protocol treatment with neoadjuvant intraarterial
      cisplatin. External carotid artery catheterizations were technically feasible in
      29 patients (83%). Twenty-five patients with 28 primary tumors received
      intraarterial cisplatin, 100 mg/m2, every seven to 14 days for three cycles. The
      most common toxicity was nausea and vomiting. Ipsilateral hemialopecia, transient
      VII nerve palsy, and blurring of vision seem to be unique to this route of
      administration at this dose. A complete response was seen at the primary tumor
      site in nine of 28 (32%), with 14 of 28 partial responses (50%). In evaluating
      both primary tumor and nodal disease, five of 25 patients achieved a complete
      response and 15 of 25 a partial response. In previous reports, one complete
      response was observed in 74 patients with head and neck cancer treated with
      neoadjuvant intravenous (IV) cisplatin every 3 weeks. The overall response of 82%
      reported here is comparable to that reported with combination chemotherapy and
      suggests an advantage to the arterial administration of cisplatin when possible
      in the neoadjuvant setting.

PMID- 3373269
TI  - Eight drugs in one day chemotherapy in children with brain tumors: a critical
      toxicity appraisal.
AB  - The toxicity of a new chemotherapeutic regimen for CNS tumors using eight
      anticancer agents administered in a 12-hour period was evaluated in 34 children
      with newly diagnosed and recurrent tumors treated at the Children's Hospital and
      Medical Center in Seattle. The chemotherapy included methylprednisolone,
      vincristine, lomustine (CCNU), procarbazine, hydroxyurea, cisplatin (CDDP), and
      either cyclophosphamide or imidazole carboximide (DTIC). The first five patients
      additionally received high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), but because of excessive
      toxicity this was replaced by cytarabine. Of 125 courses administered without
      HDMTX, red cell transfusions were required in 15% of the courses and platelet
      transfusions were required in 8%. Hospitalization for empiric treatment of fever
      associated with neutropenia occurred in 6% of courses. Three episodes of
      documented sepsis occurred. Virtually all hematologic toxicity occurred in
      patients with recurrent disease. Renal toxicity occurred in 14% of patient
      courses. One patient died of renal failure and sepsis following therapy.
      Neurologic and hepatic complications were infrequent. High-frequency hearing loss
      above the voice range was common, but clinically significant hearing loss
      occurred in only three patients. Severe nausea and vomiting were infrequent.
      Overall, the toxicity of "eight in one" chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients
      was minimal; toxicity was greater in patients with recurrent disease.

PMID- 3373270
TI  - Identification of the physical stimulus and the neural basis of fabric-evoked
      prickle.
AB  - 1. The neurophysiological basis for the sensation of prickle evoked by contact of
      some fabrics with the skin is reported. 2. Single-unit sensory nerve recordings
      from the rabbit saphenous nerve were used to identify the receptors responsible
      for fabric-evoked prickle. These recordings showed that all low-threshold
      mechanoreceptors were activated by fabric, but they did not show differential
      response to prickly and nonprickly fabrics. 3. However, the response of some
      nociceptors, both A delta and polymodal C, differed according to the prickliness
      of fabrics. Some of these receptors responded to fine von Frey hairs with
      buckling loads of at least 75 mgf. This suggested that the prickle stimuli on the
      fabric surface were protruding fiber ends that exerted loads of 75 mgf, or more,
      against the skin. 4. A Teflon replication technique was devised for estimating
      the density of these fiber ends. Estimates of the sensation magnitude of prickle
      from graded fabric sets by a panel of 55 subjects correlated (coefficient 0.91)
      with this measure of fiber end density. 5. We conclude from these results that
      fabric-evoked prickle is the result of low-grade activity in nociceptors and that
      the stimuli are protruding fiber ends exerting loads of approximately 75 mgf or
      more against the skin.

PMID- 3373271
TI  - The functional anatomy of the receptive fields of rabbit C polymodal nociceptors.
AB  - 1. The rabbit saphenous nerve was split into small strands to enable recording
      from single polymodal nociceptive C receptors. 2. The cutaneous receptive field
      was explored with textile fiber sized probes of diameter 20-50 microns, with
      buckling loads from 75 to 150 mgf. It was found that the classical 'hot spot', as
      defined by nylon monofilament von Frey hairs, is composed of a large number of
      active areas if a smaller stimulating probe is used. 3. Studies of spatial and
      temporal interaction established that C polymodal nociceptors respond best to
      slow movements and that each area of the receptive field acts independently of
      surrounding areas. 4. Moisture on the skin was shown to increase the discharge to
      a standard stimulus, probably by its softening effect on the stratum corneum.
      Glueing the probe to the skin showed that compressive force is not the major
      stimulus. 5. These results support the contention that fabric-evoked prickle is
      the result of individual stiff fabric hairs exceeding nociceptor threshold at
      their point of contact with the skin rather than some complex interaction of
      fabric properties.

PMID- 3373272
TI  - A frequency and time domain study of the horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular
      reflex in the pigeon.
AB  - 1. The horizontal and vertical vestibuloocular reflex (HVOR and VVOR,
      respectively) was studied in four chronically instrumented pigeons. Eye movements
      were measured using the magnetic search-coil technique and were produced by
      rotation in the dark. During the rotation paradigms, the pigeons were either
      pharmacologically aroused (using amphetamine) or drug free (normal). The pigeon
      HVOR and VVOR were tested using step and sinusoidal rotational stimulation. The
      range of frequencies (0.03-6.0 Hz) and the magnitude of the sinusoidal stimuli
      were chosen to match those used in a previous study of the responses of
      semicircular canal primary afferents (SCPAs) in unanesthetized (i.e., normal)
      pigeons. 2. The gain of the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons was
      independent of stimulus magnitude (6-30 degrees/s) over the frequency range
      tested. In aroused pigeons, the frequency independent gain (G) of the HVOR (G =
      0.6) and VVOR (G = 0.9) was roughly twice that for normal pigeons. Pigeon VOR
      phase under all combinations of orientation and arousal level was independent of
      stimulus magnitude except at the lowest frequency tested (0.03 Hz). At this
      frequency, phase lead decreased as stimulus magnitude increased for the HVOR and
      VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. 3. The step and sinusoidal gains were
      greater for the VVOR than for the HVOR under the same level of arousal. Neither
      the gain nor the dominant time constant of the VOR (tau vor) differed for
      rotation direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) for the HVOR or VVOR in normal
      or aroused pigeons. 4. The mean value of tau vor was 4.0 +/- 0.5 (SE) s as
      estimated from frequency response data and 4.3 +/- 0.4 s as estimated from step
      response data for the HVOR and VVOR in both normal and aroused pigeons. In
      comparison, the mean value of the dominant or cupular time constant (tau c) of
      normal pigeon SCPAs was approximately 10 s as estimated from frequency response
      data. These results indicate that tau vor is shorter than tau c in the pigeon. 5.
      At higher frequencies, the pigeon HVOR and VVOR exhibit an increasing phase lag
      unaccompanied by a gain change--characteristics produced by a pure time delay.
      The value of this time delay was about 7 ms for both the HVOR and VVOR in both
      normal and aroused pigeons. The HVOR and VVOR in normal and aroused pigeons
      lacked the higher frequency lead characteristics present in the frequency
      responses of most pigeon SCPAs.

PMID- 3373274
TI  - Correlated and uncorrelated high-frequency oscillations in phrenic and recurrent
      laryngeal neurograms.
AB  - 1. Power spectral analysis of phrenic and recurrent laryngeal (or efferent vagal)
      inspiratory discharge activity from anesthetized cats revealed a peak within the
      60- to 110-Hz range in all spectra, plus a peak within the 40- to 60-Hz range in
      the laryngeal (and efferent vagal) spectra, and a peak less than 40 Hz in the
      phrenic spectra. 2. A 60- to 110-Hz peak was present in coherence spectra between
      the left and right phrenic neurograms, the left and right recurrent laryngeal
      (and efferent vagal) neurograms, and all combinations of phrenic-laryngeal (and
      phrenic-efferent vagal) pairs. It is concluded that the nearly-periodic
      oscillations represented by these peaks arise from a single source that projects
      functionally in parallel to many respiratory motor outputs. This source may be
      part of, or interact with, respiratory central pattern generation. 3. The 40- to
      60-Hz oscillations in left and right recurrent laryngeal (and efferent vagal)
      neurograms were uncorrelated or occasionally were very weakly correlated. Thus it
      is unlikely that these oscillations arise from a common source such as a second
      respiratory central pattern generator. 4. The oscillations less than 40 Hz were
      weakly correlated between left and right phrenic neurograms. This correlation may
      be due substantially to spinal crossed-phrenic pathways. 5. It is proposed that
      both the 40- to 60-Hz oscillations in recurrent laryngeal neurograms and the
      oscillations below 40 Hz in phrenic neurograms originate in neural circuits
      associated with individual left or right recurrent laryngeal or phrenic motor
      outputs. 6. Our results do not support the interpretation that multiple peaks in
      phrenic and recurrent laryngeal power spectra are due to two respiratory central
      pattern generators whose outputs have parallel pathways to respiratory
      motoneurons.

PMID- 3373273
TI  - Efferent neurons and suspected interneurons in binocular visual cortex of the
      awake rabbit: receptive fields and binocular properties.
AB  - 1. In fully awake rabbits the stability of the two eyes was monitored and was
      sufficient to enable receptive-field analysis of antidromically identified
      efferent neurons and suspected interneurons in the binocular segment of visual
      area 1. Efferent neurons analyzed included callosal efferent neurons (CC neurons,
      n = 52), neurons projecting to visual area 2 (CV2 neurons, n = 35), corticotectal
      neurons (CT neurons, n = 43), and corticogeniculate neurons (CG neurons, n = 51).
      Six additional neurons projected a branching axon to both the corpus callosum and
      visual area 2. 2. Most CC and CV2 neurons were found in layer 2-3 and had
      receptive fields of the simple type. Only two corticocortical neurons with
      complex receptive fields were found. Orientation tuning ranges of CC and CV2
      simple cells were similar and end stopping was prevalent in both CC (62%) and CV2
      (45%) neurons. Axonal conduction velocities of CC and CV2 neurons were low (mean
      = 3.5 and 1.4 m/s, respectively) and visually nonresponsive CC neurons (19%) had
      conduction velocities that were significantly lower than visually responsive
      neurons. Spontaneous firing rates of corticocortical neurons were low (mean less
      than 1 spike/s) and these neurons responded to a lower range of stimulus
      velocities than did corticofugal neurons. 3. Most CG neurons had simple receptive
      fields and none had a complex field. Orientation tuning ranges of these neurons
      were comparable to those of CC and CV2 neurons, but a significantly smaller
      proportion (12%) were end stopped. Both spontaneous firing rates (mean = less
      than 1 spike/s) and axonal conduction velocities (mean = 2.4 m/s) of CG neurons
      were low and, as was found for CC neurons, visually nonresponsive CG neurons
      (25%) had significantly lower conduction velocities than did visually responsive
      neurons. 4. CT neurons had receptive fields that were predominantly complex
      (37%), motion/uniform (28%), or simple (26%). Conduction velocities (mean = 10.9
      m/s) and spontaneous firing rates (mean = 7 spikes/s) of CT neurons of all
      receptive-field types were much higher than those of CC, CV2, and CG neurons. 5.
      An additional class of neurons was studied that responded synaptically at a short
      latency to electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd)
      with a burst of three or more spikes at frequencies of 600-900 Hz. These neurons
      showed a high degree of synaptic convergence, also responding synaptically with a
      high-frequency burst of spikes to stimulation of both visual area 2 and the
      corpus callosum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3373275
TI  - Descending excitation and inhibition of spinal cord lamina I projection neurons.
AB  - 1. Lamina I cells were recorded in the lumbar dorsal horn of decerebrate rats.
      Their projecting axons were mainly located in the contralateral dorsolateral
      funiculus (DLF) in the upper cervical cord. 2. The effect on these cells of short
      and long trains of stimuli applied to the upper cervical DLF was examined by
      measuring the ongoing activity of the cells, their response to peripheral
      stimuli, and the size of their receptive fields. 3. The presence of tonic
      descending influences from brain stem to spinal cord was investigated by
      measuring the properties of the lamina I cells before and during block of
      descending impulses. 4. The results of DLF stimulation and of cord block show
      that substantial and prolonged excitation affected many cells, whereas some were
      inhibited for shorter periods of time. 5. The experiments were repeated with
      stimulation of the DLF caudal to chronic section to eliminate descending fibers.
      The results suggest that the changes of excitability in intact animals were
      partly produced by stimulation of descending fibers and partly by the invasion of
      collaterals activated by the antidromic stimulation of the axons projecting from
      the lamina I cells. 6. Although long trains of DLF stimuli generally excited
      lamina I cells, only inhibitions were seen in the deep dorsal horn. Moreover,
      stimulation rostral to an acute unilateral DLF lesion was without effect on
      lamina I cells but inhibited deep cells. 7. It is proposed that the lamina I
      cells might activate brain stem circuits, which in turn influence deep dorsal
      horn cells.

PMID- 3373276
TI  - Aftereffects in the responses of cat muscle spindles and errors of limb position
      sense in man.
AB  - 1. This is a report of two series of experiments, one, observations on muscle
      spindles in the anesthetized cat, the other, based on the animal observations,
      concerned with limb-position sense in human subjects. 2. When the cat soleus
      muscle is contracted at a short length and then after a brief period is brought
      to an intermediate length, the integrated afferent activity recorded in dorsal
      roots is maintained at a high level. If the contraction is applied while the
      muscle is held at a long length, the subsequent level of afferent activity back
      at the intermediate length is much lower. A similar result is obtained if large
      amplitude vibration of the muscle is used instead of contraction. Recordings from
      single afferents confirm that these alterations in discharge could be attributed
      to the primary and secondary endings of muscle spindles. 3. Following the
      proposal that the resting discharge of muscle spindles contributes to the sense
      of limb position in man, we have used a sequence of contractions or periods of
      vibration of biceps and triceps brachii followed by an arm-matching task to look
      for errors in limb position consistent with the patterns of muscle afferent
      discharge observed in the animal experiments. 4. Blindfolded subjects were told
      to contract biceps of one, the test arm, with the arm flexed. After the arm had
      relaxed, it was placed by the experimenter at an intermediate angle that the
      subject was asked to match with the other, indicator arm. Then the subject was
      asked to contract triceps with the arm extended, and the matching task was
      repeated. 5. The hypothesis was that contracting a muscle while it was short
      raised the level of afferent discharge coming from it when the arm was moved to
      an intermediate position so that the muscle would be perceived as more stretched
      and the arm felt to be displaced further than it really was. Thus, when biceps
      was contracted with the arm flexed, this would lead the arm in the intermediate
      position to be perceived as more extended than it really was. When triceps was
      contracted with the arm extended, this would lead the arm in the intermediate
      position to be perceived as more flexed than it really was.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3373277
TI  - Differential conduction at axonal bifurcations. I. Effect of electrotonic length.
AB  - 1. Frequency-dependent differential conduction of action potentials into one
      daughter branch of the squid giant axon is demonstrated. 2. This differential
      conduction arises from differences in the electrotonic length of the daughters,
      rather than inhomogeneities in membrane properties. 3. It may therefore be a more
      general phenomenon in the nervous system than is differential conduction which
      does depend upon membrane inhomogeneities.

PMID- 3373278
TI  - Differential conduction at axonal bifurcations. II. Theoretical basis.
AB  - 1. Numerical methods are employed to describe unbranched and branched axons like
      those employed in the previous paper (13). The model axon consists of a set of
      conical-section membrane patches having identical Hodgkin-Huxley (6) properties
      and which are connected by a finite-difference approximation to the cable
      equation (7). 2. Frequency-dependent differential conduction is shown to occur in
      both unbranched and branched axons in the model, much as observed experimentally.
      3. The effect is shown to occur when one limb is electrically shorter than
      another and results from differences in the way in which axial current entering
      such branches is distributed between membrane area near the bifurcation and
      membrane area far away.

PMID- 3373279
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the electromyographic responses to multidirectional
      load perturbations of the human arm.
AB  - 1. Force perturbations consisting of a random train of pulses were applied to the
      forearms of human subjects, the direction of the force being varied +/- 60
      degrees from vertical in the sagittal plane in different trials. 2. Both forearm
      and upper arm were free to move, and the perturbations resulted in angular motion
      and torque at both joints. By varying the direction of the force, different
      combinations of these variables could be obtained. 3. Average angular motion and
      net torque at the shoulder and elbow joints and electromyographic activity of
      shoulder and elbow muscles due to a single pulse of force were computed by cross
      correlation methods. 4. The pattern of responses in biceps, brachio-radialis, and
      anterior deltoid was not related uniquely to angular motion at the shoulder or
      elbow joints. Furthermore, the responses appeared to consist of two distinct
      components, an "early" one with a latency less than 40 ms and a "late" one with a
      latency of approximately 80 ms. 5. The average amplitude of the early response
      was best correlated with the average change in angular velocities, whereas that
      of the late one was best correlated with average changes in torque resulting from
      the perturbation. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the two
      components have different anatomical substrates and that they have different
      functional implications for the stabilization of the limb in the face of
      perturbations.

PMID- 3373280
TI  - Direction-selective adaptation in simple and complex cells in cat striate cortex.
AB  - 1. The selectivity of adaptation to unidirectional motion was examined in neurons
      of the cat striate cortex. Following prolonged stimulation with a unidirectional
      high-contrast grating, the responsivity of cortical neurons was reduced. In many
      units this decrease was restricted to the direction of prior stimulation. This
      selective adaptation produced changes in the degree of direction selectivity of
      the cortical units (as measured by the ratio of the response to motion in the
      preferred direction to that in the nonpreferred direction). 2. The initial
      strength of the directional preference of a given cortical unit did not determine
      the degree of direction-selective adaptation. Indeed, even non-direction
      selective units could exhibit pronounced direction-selective adaptation. The
      degree of direction-selective adaptation was also independent of the overall
      decrease in responsivity during adaptation. 3. There was no difference between
      simple and complex cells in the total amount of adaptation observed. The
      selectivity of the adaptation, however, did differ between these two cell types.
      As a group, simple cells showed significant direction-selective adaptation,
      whereas complex cells did not. The directional preference of most simple cells
      decreased following preferred direction adaptation and many highly direction
      selective simple cells became non-direction selective. In addition, simple cells
      became significantly more direction selective following nonpreferred direction
      adaptation. 4. Some complex cells also demonstrated direction-selective
      adaptation. There was, however, much more variability among complex cells than
      simple cells. Some complex cells actually increased direction selectivity
      following preferred direction adaptation. These differences between simple and
      complex cells suggest that changes in direction selectivity following
      unidirectional adaptation are not due to simple neuronal fatigue of the unit
      being recorded, but depend on selective adaptation of afferent inputs to the
      unit. 5. The spontaneous activity of many cortical neurons decreased following
      preferred direction adaptation but increased following adaptation in the
      nonpreferred direction. The response to a stationary grating also decreased
      following preferred direction adaptation. However, there was very little change
      in the response to a stationary grating following adaptation in the nonpreferred
      direction.

PMID- 3373281
TI  - Results of transsphenoidal microsurgery for growth hormone-secreting pituitary
      adenoma in a series of 214 patients.
AB  - Of 214 patients with acromegaly who underwent transsphenoidal microsurgical
      resection of a pituitary adenoma, 54% had growth hormone (GH) levels below 5
      ng/ml and 74% had levels less than 10 ng/ml immediately after surgery. Among the
      174 patients who could be contacted for long-term follow-up review (average
      duration 76 months), most recent GH determinations were available for 165. Of
      these 165 patients, 131 (79.4%) have a GH level less than 5 ng/ml and 153 (92.7%)
      have a level below 10 ng/ml; these represent 75.3% and 87.9%, respectively, of
      the total 174 patients reviewed. Fifty-two patients received postoperative
      radiation therapy. Nine patients underwent reoperation. There were five cases of
      tumor recurrence following an apparent surgical cure (4.3%), nine new instances
      of anterior pituitary hypofunction (5%), and five failures of multimodality
      therapy (2.3%). There were no perioperative deaths, five cases of cerebrospinal
      fluid leak requiring surgical repair (2.2%), and four cases of postoperative
      meningitis (1.8%). Permanent diabetes insipidus did not occur. Two of 52 patients
      who were irradiated postoperatively had severe complications; 23 (54.8%) of 42
      patients who were available for follow-up evaluation had developed
      panhypopituitarism; and eight (19%) of 42 had normal pituitary function an
      average of 44 months postirradiation.

PMID- 3373282
TI  - Aneurysms of the basilar artery treated with circulatory arrest, hypothermia, and
      barbiturate cerebral protection.
AB  - Complete circulatory arrest, deep hypothermia, and barbiturate cerebral
      protection are efficacious adjuncts in the surgical treatment of selected giant
      intracranial aneurysms. These techniques were utilized in seven patients, one
      with a large and six with giant basilar artery aneurysms; four had excellent
      results, one had a good result, one had a fair outcome, and one died. The
      rationale for the use of complete cardiac arrest with extracorporeal circulation,
      hypothermia, and barbiturate cerebral protection is outlined. The surgical and
      anesthetic considerations are reviewed. The perioperative morbidity and long-term
      results support the use of these techniques in selected patients with complex
      intracranial vascular lesions.

PMID- 3373283
TI  - The management of optic nerve meningiomas and gliomas.
AB  - A series of 63 patients with optic nerve meningioma or glioma is presented. The
      authors discuss the similarities and differences in the diagnosis and surgical
      treatment of these two neoplasms of the optic nerve.

PMID- 3373284
TI  - Acute subdural hematoma and diffuse axonal injury after severe head trauma.
AB  - The association of acute subdural hematoma (SDH) and diffuse axonal injury has
      received little attention in the literature. The authors report the
      clinicopathological findings in six patients who died of severe head injury in
      whom computerized tomography revealed acute SDH as the predominant lesion. All
      patients were injured in road traffic accidents and lost consciousness on impact.
      The mean total contusion index was 17.4 and sever contusions were seen in only
      two cases. All patients presented histological criteria of intracranial
      hypertension (pressure necrosis focus in one or both parahippocampal gyri).
      Hypoxic brain damage was evident in the postmortem examination of three patients.
      In three cases, macroscopic hematic lesions were observed in the corpus callosum.
      All patients had widespread axonal retraction balls disseminated in the white
      brain matter. Three patients who survived for more than 11 days had microglial
      clusters. In some patients with a head injury, acute SDH may be only an
      epiphenomenon of a primary impact lesion of variable severity: that is, a diffuse
      axonal injury. In these cases, the final outcome is fundamentally dependent on
      the severity of the subjacent diffuse axonal injury.

PMID- 3373285
TI  - Significance of "ultra-early" rebleeding in subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - Knowledge of the local incidence of aneurysm rupture permits the conclusion that
      almost every patient in the population of 933,800 persons served by the authors'
      institution who was stricken by this catastrophe and survived long enough to be
      transported was treated at this center (121 patients during 34 months). Of these,
      9.1% were admitted late (greater than 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage
      (SAH]; of the remaining cases, 94.5% were seen within 24 hours and 50% within 6
      hours post-SAH. Of the 121 patients, 10% were neurologically devastated on
      arrival, a late operation was planned for 19%, and the earliest possible surgery
      and nimodipine administration was selected for 71%. In this latter group, 50% of
      the operations were begun within 24 hours and 76% within 48 hours post-SAH. Sixty
      percent of all mortality and morbidity could be linked to the initial aneurysm
      bleed. The remaining 40% could be ascribed to potentially avoidable causes of
      unfavorable outcome. No less than 9.6% of all patients admitted within 24 hours
      after SAH suffered from "ultra-early" rebleeding during transportation or
      preparation for operation. The mortality rate from such rebleeding was 7.4%,
      compared with the 9.1% combined mortality rate from complications and late
      ischemia.

PMID- 3373286
TI  - Peritoneal drainage of chronic subdural hematomas in older patients.
AB  - Most patients with chronic subdural hematoma are successfully treated with
      trephination and external drainage. However, hematomas with thick membranes may
      persist or recur, needing reoperation or major surgery such as craniotomy with
      membranectomy. In 14 patients aged over 60 years, internal peritoneal drainage of
      the hematoma by a low-pressure shunt system proved to be a reliable method of
      treatment with the following advantages: rapid neurological improvement;
      immediate mobilization; little stress for the patient; no recurrence;
      disappearance of the membranes; and slow and well-tolerated cerebral reexpansion
      without hypotension. Successful use of this method has been reported previously
      in children, but not in adults.

PMID- 3373287
TI  - Posterior lumbar vertebral rim fracture and associated disc protrusion in
      adolescence.
AB  - Two cases of posterior lumbar vertebral rim fracture and associated disc
      protrusion in adolescents are presented. Disc compliance and developing vertebral
      structure were thought to be primarily responsible for this unusual injury.
      Occurring primarily in adolescent males, this entity most commonly affects the L
      4 vertebra. One of the cases involved disc rupture at three levels. This injury
      is thought to be due in part to union of the anuli by the posterior longitudinal
      ligament, and in part to rim fracture and limited prolapse rather than frank
      single-level herniation in an adolescent. A review of the embryology, literature,
      and theoretical mechanism for occurrence at multiple levels is included.

PMID- 3373288
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen on tumor growth in the C6 spheroid implantation glioma model.
AB  - The effects of long-term low- and high-dose ibuprofen on tumor growth and
      permeability were assessed in a glioma model in rats. The rats were treated with
      ibuprofen (24 mg/kg/day or 96 mg/kg/day) for 24 hours before implantation of C6
      astrocytoma spheroids and then for 13 days following implantation. The wet and
      dry weight of the tumors and protein extravasation were measured by an Evans blue
      dye technique. Protein extravasation did not appear to be reduced by the
      treatments when assessed on the basis of tumor dry weight. The treatment
      significantly reduced the wet weight of the tumors in rats treated with high-dose
      and low-dose ibuprofen when compared to tumor wet weights in untreated rats. High
      dose ibuprofen treatment significantly decreased the dry weight of the tumors
      compared to that of tumors in untreated control animals. It is hypothesized that
      the ibuprofen treatment regimen employed inhibits prostaglandin-associated
      angiogenesis induced by the C6 tumor cell growth and/or the implantation
      technique, thereby interfering with the ability of the tumors to grow.

PMID- 3373289
TI  - A hypothesis for myeloschisis: overgrowth and reopening. An experimental study.
AB  - A hypothesis for embryopathogenesis of myeloschisis is described on the basis of
      experimental studies analyzing the stage specificity and
      immunohistochemical/histological characteristics of the exposed neural tissue
      (placode). Myeloschisis developed in six fetuses among 205 chick embryos treated
      in various stages with teratogens including ethylnitrosourea, and anticonvulsant
      and antipyretic agents. All but one case (with associated cephalothoracopagus)
      demonstrated myeloschisis in the thoracic region with a lamina defect of two and
      three levels. No fetus was exposed to a teratogen prior to or within Hamburger
      and Hamilton stage 12 (45 to 49 hours postincubation), when the neuropore closes.
      Immunohistochemical studies of chick myeloschisis clearly indicated that neuron
      specific enolase-positive elements were extremely active only in the overgrown
      placode, corresponding to the histological findings with Kluver-Barrera's special
      stain. These findings were compared with observations in a case of myeloschisis
      in a human neonate. The results of this study imply the possibility of another
      mechanism for the embryopathogenesis of myeloschisis: namely, the overgrowth and
      reopening hypothesis.

PMID- 3373290
TI  - Giant aneurysms of the vertebral artery. Report of five cases.
AB  - The authors report five cases of surgically treated giant vertebral artery
      aneurysm. Two giant serpentine aneurysms were managed with aneurysmectomy, a
      giant semifusiform aneurysm with trapping and partial aneurysmectomy, and the
      other two saccular giant aneurysms with clipping. Surgical results were
      satisfactory in all cases. In particular, the two patients who underwent complete
      aneurysmectomy showed remarkable improvement after the second procedure of a two
      stage operation that consisted of initial proximal occlusion and secondary
      evacuation of clots in the aneurysm when advanced thrombosis was identified.
      Aneurysmectomy in a two-stage operation was the best treatment for these
      partially thrombosed giant aneurysms which completely concealed the distal artery
      under a tight thinned medulla.

PMID- 3373291
TI  - Extravasation injury to the hand by intravenous phenytoin. Report of three cases.
AB  - Extravasation of intravenous phenytoin can result in serious soft-tissue
      complications. Three patients are presented, one of whom lost a hand. Assessment
      of circulation and early decompression fasciotomies may be necessary in such
      cases. Caution is recommended in the intravenous administration of phenytoin.
      Infusions at rates of less than 50 mg/min and education of nursing staff about
      this potential complication will decrease its incidence.

PMID- 3373292
TI  - CNS toxicity associated with intraventricular injection of cefazolin. Report of
      three cases.
AB  - Three patients who experienced central nervous system toxicity secondary to
      intraventricular therapy with cefazolin are described. On the basis of this
      experience it is recommended that cefazolin not be used for intraventricular
      antibiotic therapy in the treatment of shunt infections.

PMID- 3373293
TI  - Percutaneous electrocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve using CT guidance.
      Technical note.
AB  - Computerized tomography guidance can be used during placement of an electrode for
      the ablation of the trigeminal nerve or gasserian ganglion. A combination of a
      scout view and axial images through the skull base provides adequate
      visualization of the needle and foramen ovale. This method is recommended in
      patients who cannot be properly positioned for fluoroscopy or when there is poor
      visualization of the foramen on conventional radiographs.

PMID- 3373295
TI  - An easily replaceable intracranial catheter. Technical note.
AB  - Replacement of a catheter draining an intracranial cyst or a ventricle can be
      difficult if the fluid space has collapsed. An intracranial catheter which can be
      safely and accurately exchanged is described. The catheter also offers an
      advantage during the original placement if the fluid cavity to be drained has a
      thick wall.

PMID- 3373294
TI  - Reconstruction of the MCA bifurcation after excision of a giant aneurysm.
      Technical note.
AB  - A patient with a giant aneurysm of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA)
      presented with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic symptoms. When
      the aneurysm was explored, its base was found to be very firm and
      atherosclerotic. Temporary clips were applied to the MCA, the aneurysm was
      excised, and the MCA bifurcation was reconstructed using microsurgical
      techniques. Good flow in the reconstructed MCA trunk was demonstrated by
      intracranial Doppler ultrasonography. A description of the operative procedure is
      presented.

PMID- 3373297
TI  - Harvey Cushing and the Riva-Rocci instrument for measuring blood pressure.

PMID- 3373296
TI  - Scholarship in the neurosurgical literature.

PMID- 3373298
TI  - Thoracic spinal cord stenosis.

PMID- 3373299
TI  - Rebleeding from ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 3373300
TI  - Rebleeding from ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 3373301
TI  - New FDA software proposals: effect on nuclear medicine?

PMID- 3373302
TI  - Kinetic analysis and probability mapping applied to the detection of ovarian
      cancer by radioimmunoscintigraphy.
AB  - Kinetic analysis with probability mapping is an objective method of serial image
      analysis applicable to radioimmunoscintigraphy. The technique is described and
      subjected to clinical testing by comparing the prediction of biopsy histology
      from the probability map in patients coming to operation. In those with ovarian
      cancer undergoing second-look laparotomy after completing full courses of
      chemotherapy, the prediction of histology in 108 biopsy sites was 45 true
      positives and 38 true negatives, sensitivity 80%, specificity 73%, accuracy 77% p
      less than 0.001. In patients with tumors less than 2 cm diameter, 41 biopsy sites
      were predicted with a specificity of 78% and an accuracy of 76%, p less than
      0.01. The technique is reducing the need for second-look laparotomy in patients
      with subclinical and subradiological disease. Such disease is suitable for
      intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy.

PMID- 3373303
TI  - Hepatocyte versus biliary disease: a distinction by deconvolutional analysis of
      technetium-99m IDA time-activity curves.
AB  - A combination of quantitative hepatobiliary imaging techniques was developed to
      study normal control subjects and patients with 3 categories of hepatobiliary
      disease: 1) alcoholic cirrhosis; 2) sclerosing cholangitis; and 3) isolated
      common bile duct obstruction. Scintigraphic images were supplemented by
      quantitative measurement of hepatic extraction fraction by deconvolutional
      analysis and liver excretion T 1/2 by a nonlinear least squares method. In
      diseases confined primarily to the biliary tract (isolated common bile duct
      obstruction and sclerosing cholangitis), the mean hepatic extraction fraction as
      measured by deconvolutional analysis was not different from that in normal
      controls. In severe alcoholic cirrhosis, considered primarily a hepatocyte
      disease, the hepatic extraction fraction was markedly reduced. The T 1/2
      excretion, compared to normal subjects, was prolonged in all three liver disease
      categories. We conclude that these quantitative parameters were able to detect
      hepatobiliary disease and to separate severe hepatocyte disease from biliary
      tract disease.

PMID- 3373304
TI  - New methods of examining gamma camera collimators.
AB  - New methods are proposed and described to examine the quality of gamma camera
      collimators in two special performance categories, namely, uniformity in regional
      efficiency and regional variations in channel tilt. These two performances are
      critical areas for SPECT imaging. Results obtained from experimental and
      commercial collimators illustrate the variability seen for these performance
      characteristics in currently available collimators.

PMID- 3373305
TI  - In vivo red blood cell compatibility testing using indium-113m tropolone-labeled
      red blood cells.
AB  - In vivo radionuclide crossmatch is a method for identifying compatible blood for
      transfusion when allo- or autoantibodies preclude the use of conventional
      crossmatching techniques. A technique for labeling small volumes of donor red
      blood cells with [113mIn]tropolone is reported. The use of 113mIn minimizes the
      accumulation of background radioactivity and the radiation dose especially so
      when multiple crossmatches are performed. Labeling red cells with
      [113mIn]tropolone is faster and easier to perform than with other radionuclides.
      Consistently high labeling efficiencies are obtained and minimal 113mIn activity
      elutes from the labeled red blood cells. A case study involving 22 crossmatches
      is presented to demonstrate the technique. The radiation dose equivalent from
      113mIn is significantly less than with other radionuclides that may be used to
      label red cells.

PMID- 3373306
TI  - Iodine-131 uptake in inflammatory lung disease: a potential pitfall in treatment
      of thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - A mixed differentiated thyroid carcinoma was found in a small asymptomatic nodule
      in a 44-yr-old woman with recurrent chest infections and bronchiectasis. After
      total thyroidectomy and 162 mCi (6 GBq) radioiodine ablation there was uptake in
      the thyroid remnant and in both lungs, interpreted as lung metastases. In 2 years
      she received further three 162 mCi (6 GBq) doses of 131I, as scans showed very
      similar lung activity. Another scan, during thyroxin suppression, showed again
      activity in the lungs. A 47-yr-old male patient with similar respiratory disease
      and no history of thyroid disorder volunteered to undergo radioiodine scan while
      on triiodothyronine suppression. His scan, too, showed concentration in the
      lungs. The female patient died 7 years after the diagnosis of lung thyroid
      metastases was made. No metastasis was found at autopsy. Radioiodine lung uptake
      may occur in patients with chronic inflammatory lung disease, presenting a
      potential diagnostic pitfall in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3373307
TI  - Considerations in the purchase of a nuclear medicine computer system.
AB  - Selection of a nuclear medicine computer system is a process that should be
      approached with care and forethought. The general scheme should be to define your
      needs and constraints, determine what is available, investigate the leading
      candidates, make a site visit, and, finally, submit an order. Through a series of
      discussions between members of the Computer Council of the Society of Nuclear
      Medicine and representatives from the manufacturers of computer systems, a set of
      important considerations emerged, which are reported in this paper. This paper is
      not intended to be a step-by-step guideline to the purchase of a computer system.
      Rather, it is a set of concepts and considerations with which the prospective
      purchaser should be familiar before undertaking such a purchase.

PMID- 3373308
TI  - Streptavidin and biotin as potential tumor imaging agents.

PMID- 3373309
TI  - Leukocyte labeling with technetium-99m tin colloids.

PMID- 3373310
TI  - Are orphan product program funds underused by nuclear medicine researchers?

PMID- 3373311
TI  - Indium-111-labeled white blood cells in the detection of osteomyelitis
      complicated by a pre-existing condition.
AB  - Forty-six patients (23M, 23F) ranging in age from 19 to 79 yr with a clinical
      history of a nonunion fracture, surgery, diabetes or a soft-tissue infection were
      studied with [111In]oxine WBCs to detect osteomyelitis. There were 27 true
      positive, nine true-negative, two false-positive and one false-negative. The
      false-positives and the false-negative occurred in patients with soft-tissue
      infections overlying the area of interest. All diagnoses were confirmed by
      intraoperative bone biopsies and cultures. Bone biopsy and scan were performed
      within 2 days of each other in 39 patients. The overall sensitivity was 97%
      (27/28), specificity, 82% (9/11) and the diagnostic accuracy, 92% (36/39). The
      remaining seven patients had negative [111In]WBC scans several months after
      positive bone biopsies and definite antibiotic treatment. This suggests that
      [In]WBC scans become negative after appropriate therapy is undertaken.
      Interobserver data was obtained from four nuclear physicians of varying
      experience blinded to clinical information. A high degree of agreement was found
      in over 90% of the cases. This study demonstrates the utility of [111In]WBC scans
      in the diagnosis and follow-up of complicated osteomyelitis and a high level of
      interobserver agreement in scan interpretation.

PMID- 3373312
TI  - Radioimmunoscintigraphy of colon cancer with iodine-131-labeled B72.3 monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - The monoclonal antibody B72.3 is a murine IgG1 that is reactive with a wide range
      of carcinomas while demonstrating little or no reactivity to normal adult
      tissues. We have shown (27) quantitative analyses demonstrating selective
      targeting of [131I]B72.3 IgG to metastatic colorectal cancer. We have also shown
      (28) that (a) B72.3 localization in metastases correlated with the percentage of
      tumor cells in the biopsy specimen; (b) B72.3 could localize in carcinomas of
      various degrees of differentiation with best localization in well-differentiated
      tumors and (c) [131I]B72.3 could penetrate tumor masses, as determined by
      autoradiographic studies. We report here the various parameters effecting
      radioimmunoscintigraphy with [131I]B72.3 IgG. Sixteen of 35 patients with
      colorectal carcinoma had positive scans (without blood-pool subtraction). High
      circulating TAG-72 antigen levels correlated with positive scans. No dose
      dependent differences were seen in biodistribution or tumor imaging. The plasma
      clearance and urinary excretion of [131I]B72.3 and [125I]BL-3 (nonspecific
      control) were not significantly different. No toxicity was noted. Approximately
      one-half of patients developed human anti-mouse immune response.

PMID- 3373313
TI  - Ocular radioimmunoscintigraphy: sensitivity and practical considerations.
AB  - Ocular radioimmunoscintigraphy was performed in 20 patients using 99mTc-labeled
      monoclonal antibody 225.28S, F(ab')2 fragments. Radioimmunoscintigraphy was
      positive in 13 patients and the diagnosis of ocular melanoma was confirmed by
      enucleation of the eye or clinical follow-up. Scintigraphy was positive in one
      patient with lymph node metastasis from an ocular melanoma. In six patients
      immunoscintigraphy was negative. Using this technique a sensitivity of 92.8% was
      achieved for detecting ocular melanomas. Single photon emission tomography helped
      to separate the lesions situated in the nasal quadrant of the eye from the
      adjacent nasopharyngeal activity. With appropriate imaging techniques small
      tumors of the order of 3 x 5 x 3 mm could be detected clearly.

PMID- 3373314
TI  - Reappraisal of the baseline bone scan in breast cancer.
AB  - Baseline staging bone scans in 1,267 consecutive women with breast cancer
      attending a single clinic between 1980 and 1986 were reviewed. 0.3% of patients
      with T1, 3% with T2, 8% with T3, 13% with T4 tumors and none of those with Stage
      1, 3% with Stage 2, 7% with Stage 3, and 47% with Stage 4 disease had a positive
      scan due to bone metastases. Two hundred eight-nine (23%) had bone scan
      abnormalities secondary to radiologically confirmed benign bone disease. In 20
      patients, no cause for a bone scan abnormality could be found after a median
      follow-up of 3.50 yr, a false-positive frequency of 1.6%. The false-negative rate
      was 0.08%. It is concluded that patients with tumors less than 2 cm are most
      unlikely to have a positive scan. In this instance, scans are not required
      routinely. However, we recommend a baseline scan in all patients with Stage 2, 3,
      or 4 disease.

PMID- 3373315
TI  - Simplified assessment of fine aerosol distribution in human airways.
AB  - We characterized homogeneity of bronchopulmonary distribution of a 0.9% saline
      aerosol with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.12 micron (sigma g =
      2.04) labeled with [99mTc]sulfur colloid in nine normal subjects and nine
      patients with asthma. Aerosol distribution was quantified from frequency
      distribution histograms generated from Anger camera scans. Skew (a measure of
      histogram asymmetry) and kurtosis (a measure of histogram range) were
      significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) in the asthma patients with 0.68 +/-
      0.30 and 2.62 +/- 0.81, respectively, compared with 0.39 +/- 0.12 and 1.89 +/-
      0.18, respectively, in the normal subjects. Skew and kurtosis were significantly
      correlated with baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, an index of
      airway obstruction) with rs = -0.4799 (p less than 0.05) and -0.5929 (p less than
      0.01), respectively. Skew and kurtosis were also significantly correlated with
      mucociliary clearance after approximately 90 min (an index of large, central
      airway deposition) with rs = 0.6801 and 0.6373, respectively (p less than 0.01).
      This simplified method of analysis does not require additional study days or
      procedures and facilitates the detection of airflow obstruction in asthma.

PMID- 3373316
TI  - Perfusion of tumor-bearing kidneys as a model for scintigraphic screening of
      monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Tumor-bearing human kidneys were used in an ex vivo perfusion model to screen
      monoclonal antibodies, recognizing renal cell carcinoma-associated antigens for
      diagnostic potential in vivo. Perfusion of tumor-bearing kidneys with 99mTc
      labeled G250 and RC38 antibody resulted in visualization of the tumor, whereas
      perfusion with two other monoclonal antibodies, RC2 and RC4, did not lead to
      tumor visualization. Uptake of radiolabel in normal kidney tissue was low for
      G250 and RC38 antibody. Tumor-to-kidney tissue ratios after perfusion with G250
      and RC38 antibody were 2.7 and 2.2, respectively. After rinsing for 3 hr with
      unlabeled perfusion fluid the tumor-to-kidney tissue ratios increased to 8.6 for
      G250 antibody and to 2.7 for RC38 antibody. We conclude that perfusion of tumor
      bearing human kidneys with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies is a relatively
      simple way to evaluate renal cell carcinoma associated monoclonal antibodies as
      diagnostic agents in vivo.

PMID- 3373317
TI  - Assessment of myocardial metabolism with iodine-123 heptadecanoic acid: effect of
      decreased fatty acid oxidation on deiodination.
AB  - Terminally radioiodinated fatty acid analogs are of potential use for the
      noninvasive delineation of regional alterations of fatty acid metabolism by gamma
      imaging. Since radioactivity from extracted iodine-123 heptadecanoic acid [(
      123I]HDA) is released from the myocardium in form of free radioiodide (123I-) the
      present study was performed to determine whether deiodination of [123I]HDA is
      related to free fatty acid metabolism. Myocardial production of free radioiodide
      was measured in rat hearts in vitro and in vivo both under control conditions and
      after inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. In isolated rat hearts perfused at
      constant flow with a medium containing [123I]HDA, release of 123I- was markedly
      reduced during cardioplegia and pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial fatty
      acid transfer with POCA by 67% (p less than 0.005) and 72% (p less than 0.005),
      respectively. In fasted rats in vivo, 1 min after i.v. injection of [123I]HDA, 51
      +/- 5% of myocardial radioactivity was recovered in the aqueous phase, containing
      free iodide, of myocardial lipid extracts. Aqueous activity was significantly
      decreased in fed (20 +/- 2%; p less than 0.002) and POCA pretreated (30 +/- 3.7%;
      p less than 0.05) animals exhibiting reduced oxidation of [14C]palmitate. Thus,
      deiodination of [123I]HDA was consistently reduced during inhibition of fatty
      acid oxidation in vitro and in vivo. The results apply to the interpretation of
      myocardial clearance curves of terminally radioiodinated fatty acid analogs.

PMID- 3373318
TI  - Dual-detector probe for surgical tumor staging.
AB  - A hand-held, dual-detector probe has been developed for surgical tumor staging.
      This dual probe simultaneously monitors counts from a possible tumor site along
      with counts from adjacent normal tissue using two concentric, collimated
      scintillation detectors. A comparison of counts from the detectors can
      distinguish a small tumor directly in front of the probe from variations in
      background activity. The probe was tested in computer simulations of surgical
      staging of metastases to para-aortic and iliac lymph nodes using a spatial
      response map of the probe, a numerical torso phantom, and organ activity data for
      [57Co]bleomycin in rabbits. Results show that the dual probe performs better than
      a single-detector probe in detecting tumors and solves the problem caused by
      spatial variations in the background source distribution.

PMID- 3373319
TI  - Correlation of right and left ventricular ejection fraction and volume
      measurements.
AB  - First-pass radiocardiography and biplane angiocardiography were performed on 13
      patients with left-sided regurgitant valvular disease (R+) and 7 patients without
      regurgitation but with coronary artery disease and/or cardiomyopathy (R-). Right
      and left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were calculated and compared.
      In the R- group, corresponding right and left ventricular volumes and ejection
      fractions correlated highly with each other (r = 0.86-0.89, p approximately equal
      to 0.01). Ejection fractions in the R+ group correlated (r = 0.64, p less than
      0.05) only because stroke volume correlation was very high (r = 0.93), with end
      diastolic and end-systolic volumes showing no significant correlation. Right
      ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) decreased significantly with increasing mean
      pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in both R- and R+ groups. The correlation of RVEF
      and LVEF in the R- group appears to be multifactorial in origin, consisting of
      effects of increased PAP, the mechanical interference of an enlarged left
      ventricle on the right ventricle, and direct biventricular ischemic effects. In
      the R+ group, the correlation appears to be due to only increased PAP and its
      sequelae.

PMID- 3373320
TI  - Microautoradiographic study of technetium-99m colloid uptake by the rat liver.
AB  - A new microautoradiographic technique was developed to study the distribution of
      99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Using a thick emulsion, it is possible to get
      microscopically visible tracks of internal conversion and Auger electrons. The
      liver uptake of microscopic particles has been thought to occur in Kupffer cells
      but no direct evidence has been provided for technetium colloids. Using this
      method, 99mTc-labeled colloids were clearly identified in Kupffer cells in the
      sinusoidal areas of liver. "Track" microautoradiography using a thick emulsion
      layer may be used on any frozen tissue sections and may provide an important tool
      to assess the biodistribution of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 3373321
TI  - Iodine-131 therapy for parotid oncocytoma.
AB  - We present a rare case of a patient with coexisting parotid oncocytoma and
      chronic thyroiditis who received two therapeutic doses of [131I]iodide for a
      recurrent oncocytoma (oxyphilic granular cell adenoma), resulting in a definite
      reduction in tumor volume. We suggest that radioiodine therapy for a recurrent
      oncocytoma is an effective form of tumor therapy.

PMID- 3373322
TI  - Interpretation and classification of bone scintigraphic findings in stress
      fractures.

PMID- 3373323
TI  - Iodine-131 thyroid uptake results in travelers returning from Europe after the
      Chernobyl accident.

PMID- 3373324
TI  - First-pass radionuclide determination of cardiac output: an improved gamma camera
      method.

PMID- 3373325
TI  - The energetics of positron decay.

PMID- 3373326
TI  - Nurse managers at the broker's table: the nurse executive's role.
AB  - The article uses the symbol of the broker's table to represent full participation
      in organizational decisions. Nursing needs active involvement in the
      organizational decision-making process to attain its goals in care provision and
      maintenance of professional standards. The theme of this article is to encourage
      nurse executives to develop the brokering skills of their managers. Developing
      brokering skills rests upon managers' acquisition of power equity, political
      savy, and knowledge of the organization's culture. These resources combine to
      empower one for success at the broker's table.

PMID- 3373327
TI  - Contingency theory: explaining staff nurse retention.
AB  - Staff nurse retention is becoming an increasingly important topic for nurse
      managers at all levels. Client acuity is increasing, qualified staff are becoming
      more scarce, and practicing nurses are often frustrated by nonresponsive
      organizations. Research which tested contingency theory shows that specific
      organizational designs, when combined with certain dimensions of nursing
      technology, increase staff nurse retention. This author discusses contingency
      theory's implications for organizational effectiveness.

PMID- 3373328
TI  - The dynamics of holding an acting position.
AB  - When a key person resigns or is fired, his or her job may be filled by an acting
      employee. Usually this works well, but there may be hidden costs for both
      employee and organization. Questions the prospective acting person might ask and
      tips for superiors are among the findings from in-depth interviews with 19
      subjects in a variety of positions.

PMID- 3373329
TI  - Creating a perspective.

PMID- 3373330
TI  - The MBA: getting it into perspective.

PMID- 3373331
TI  - Effect of extended lactation and diet on transferrin concentrations in rat milk.
AB  - Milk transferrin in the rat is immunochemically identical to serum transferrin.
      Its concentration in milk during normal lactation (10 pups for 21 d) varies
      biphasically, decreasing from a value of 1.5 mg/ml in colostrum to barely
      detectable values at d 4 and 8 of lactation, and thereafter increasing to reach
      values of 4 mg/ml at d 21. The effect of extended lactation on transferrin in
      milk was investigated in two experiments in which litters were replaced by 4-d
      old litters at d 8 and 12 of lactation or at d 20 of lactation. Transferrin
      concentrations in milk in both experiments increased in a similar manner to reach
      values of 10 mg/ml at d 28 through d 36 of lactation. Serum transferrin and serum
      insulin and prolactin concentrations were not significantly altered in these
      experiments. Premature exposure of dams to older pups did not affect the pattern
      of milk transferrin concentrations. Milk transferrin concentrations were,
      however, modulated by altering the milk demand (changing litter sizes) and by
      restricting either the total food intake or the protein content of the diet.
      These restrictions led to lower transferrin concentrations.

PMID- 3373333
TI  - Effect of varying dietary zinc intake of weanling mouse pups during recovery from
      early undernutrition on growth, body composition and composition of gain.
AB  - Catch-up growth during recovery from undernutrition is characterized by rapid
      body weight gain often marked by disproportionately high fat gain. In this study
      dietary zinc intake of mouse pups during recovery from undernutrition affected
      composition of gain as well as growth. Mouse pups were undernourished during the
      suckling period and then fed 25% casein recovery diets containing 5, 10, 40 or
      110 micrograms Zn/g diet. Pups given dietary zinc levels of 40 micrograms Zn/g ad
      libitum achieved recovery body weights and had normal body composition. However,
      previously undernourished pups given marginal levels of dietary zinc (10
      micrograms Zn/g diet) had similar food intakes, similar final body weights, lower
      lean body mass gains and greater fat gains (males only) than controls. Pups fed
      low zinc diets (5 micrograms Zn/g diet) were unable to attain recovery body
      weight and had less protein gain than previously undernourished animals fed
      higher zinc-containing diets or healthy pups fed the same zinc levels. The
      results were consistently more pronounced in males. Thus dietary zinc deficiency
      during catch-up growth after undernutrition limited both recovery and protein
      gain, whereas marginal dietary zinc intake limited protein gain in mice.

PMID- 3373332
TI  - Retinoic acid supplementation of a vitamin A-deficient diet inhibits retinoid
      loss from hamster liver and serum pools.
AB  - These studies were performed to follow a spectrum of relevant parameters in male
      Syrian golden hamsters fed either a vitamin A-deficient diet or the same diet
      supplemented with retinoic acid at 3 micrograms/g diet. Body weight and life span
      were not affected by the vitamin A-deficient diet until after 6-7 wk. Squamous
      metaplastic lesions of the Formalin-fixed tracheas were not generally observed in
      the hamsters fed the deficient diet until 6-7 wk, at which time blood retinol and
      liver retinyl palmitate levels had also decreased. Blood glucose levels remained
      normal (90 mg/dl) until about 7 wk but declined to about 40% of normal at 9 and
      10 wk. Dietary retinoic acid supplementation of the vitamin-deficient diet (3
      micrograms/g diet) inhibited the loss of retinol from blood and of retinyl
      palmitate from the liver so that these compounds were still present at 10 wk, but
      were not detectable in hamsters fed the vitamin A-deficient diet without retinoic
      acid.

PMID- 3373334
TI  - Effect of varying dietary zinc intake of weanling mouse pups during recovery from
      early undernutrition on tissue mineral concentrations, relative organ weights,
      hematological variables and muscle composition.
AB  - Because growth is an early sign of zinc (Zn) deficiency in young animals, it is
      often assumed that the occurrence of normal growth indicates adequate Zn status.
      In an earlier study we found that both marginal (10 micrograms Zn/g) and low (5
      micrograms Zn/g) dietary Zn intake resulted in altered composition of gain in
      mouse pups that had been previously undernourished (L) from d 10 to 21 of
      suckling and rehabilitated from d 21 to 40 with high protein recovery diets.
      Therefore we examined several tissues, organs and biochemical measures to
      identify other variables that might be sensitive to either marginal or low
      dietary Zn intake in mice. After undernutrition in the suckling animal, liver Zn
      concentrations were lower; they normalized when the pups were subsequently fed
      recovery diets irrespective of dietary Zn intake (5-110 micrograms Zn/g). Bone Zn
      was 30% lower in pups fed low Zn, and 30% higher in pups given Zn-supplemented
      recovery diets (110 micrograms Zn/g) compared with controls (40 micrograms Zn/g).
      Thus bone Zn concentration was highly correlated with dietary Zn intake and lower
      liver Zn was highly correlated with undernutrition. Most organs of L pups
      recovered in proportion to body weight; the exceptions were brain, kidney and
      gastrocnemius muscle. At d 21 or 40, brain weight was most conserved and kidney
      weight was stunted during either protein or Zn deprivation. Gastrocnemius muscle
      weight in L pups was stunted to a much greater degree than other tissues,
      although proximate analysis showed muscle composition was similar among groups.
      These data support previous reports that adequate dietary Zn is essential for
      optimal recovery from early undernutrition.

PMID- 3373335
TI  - Enhancement of Cu bioavailability in the rat by phytic acid.
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytic acid on copper
      (Cu) bioavailability. Male weanling rats were fed a Cu-deficient diet (less than
      1.0 micrograms/g) for 4 wk and then were divided into 12 groups (n = 8) in a
      factorial design. Cu-deficient rats were then fed diets containing 1.4, 3.0, 5.2
      or 10.5 micrograms Cu/g (CuCO3) and 0, 0.4 or 0.8% phytic acid as sodium phytate
      at each Cu level. All diets contained 30 micrograms Zn/g. After 3 d of Cu
      repletion, liver copper (LCu), liver Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (LSOD) activity,
      serum Cu (SCu) and serum ceruloplasmin (CP) concentrations were determined. These
      parameters were used as indexes of Cu bioavailability. The addition of phytic
      acid to diets fed to Cu-deficient rats significantly enhanced Cu bioavailability
      compared to that of rats fed diets without phytic acid. Coefficients of
      determination (r2) were calculated for each response parameter versus dietary Cu
      concentration. The r2-values for pooled LCu and LSOD values were 0.31 and 0.30,
      respectively, between 1.4 and 5.2 micrograms Cu/g. At low dietary Cu
      concentrations, liver Cu parameters (i.e., LCu and LSOD) were more responsive
      indexes of Cu status than SCu and CP. Each index of Cu status was found to
      correlate with the other indexes of Cu nutriture. Phytic acid is postulated to
      enhance Cu utilization by its ability to bind other dietary components, such as
      Zn, that compete with Cu at the site of intestinal absorption.

PMID- 3373336
TI  - Nutritional availability and chronic toxicity of selenocyanate in the rat.
AB  - To evaluate nutritional availability and chronic toxicity of KSeCN, female
      postweanling rats were fed casein-based diets plus 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg
      Se/kg as KSeCN for 6 wk, or 0.1, 0.5 and 10 mg Se/kg as Na2SeO3. A control group
      was fed the basal diet (Se = 0.04 mg/kg) and one group was fed the basal diet
      plus 5 mg Se/L as KSeCN in the drinking water. There were no differences in
      weight gain and diet consumption among groups fed 2.5 mg Se/kg or less. At 5 and
      10 mg Se/kg, rats showed depression in weight gain and diet consumption. After wk
      6 there were no abnormalities of the major organs of rats fed 2.5 mg Se/kg or
      less. Spleen enlargement was observed at 5 and 10 mg Se/kg, and liver damage and
      kidney enlargement at 10 mg Se/kg. Se content in the blood, liver and kidney of
      rats fed KSeCN was generally somewhat lower than for those fed Na2SeO3 at the
      same levels. The availability of Se from KSeCN for glutathione peroxidase
      formation in blood, liver and kidney was comparable to that of Na2SeO3. Plasma
      thyroxine in groups fed 10 mg Se/kg was 40% of that in the control group, but was
      not altered at lower Se levels.

PMID- 3373337
TI  - Intestinal zinc and carboxypeptidase A and B activity in response to consumption
      of test meals containing various proteins by rats.
AB  - Rats were fed test meals containing 23% protein as casein (C), soy protein
      isolate (SPI) or egg white (EW) to assess effects of dietary protein sources on
      te amount of zinc and carboxypeptidase (CP, CPA, CPB) activity in the small
      intestinal contents. Groups of six rats each were killed at 1, 2.5 and 5 h
      postprandial and six rats fasted for 19 h served as a 0 time control. Consumption
      of a test meal increased the weight of small intestinal contents at 1 and 2.5 h
      compared with unfed animals and in a similar manner for all three protein
      sources. However, at various times during the postprandial period differences in
      the level of zinc and CP activity within the small intestinal contents among the
      three dietary protein sources were observed. Both the SPI and EW groups had
      significantly higher levels of CPA and CPB activity at 1 h postprandial than the
      C group. Only in the SPI group was the intestinal level of zinc increased at 1
      and 2.5 h compared with the unfed group. At 1 and 2.5 h postprandial intestinal
      zinc was significantly higher in the SPI group than in the C and EW groups. The
      results indicate that the disappearance of zinc from the intestine is delayed in
      rats fed SPI, probably because of the presence of phytate.

PMID- 3373338
TI  - Adaptation to low dietary calcium in magnesium-deficient rats.
AB  - To determine if adaptation to low calcium (Ca) diets is impaired by magnesium
      (Mg) deficiency, weanling rats were pair-fed control (700 mg Mg/kg diet) or low
      Mg (70 mg Mg/kg diet) diets containing 5000 mg Ca/g diet for 7 or 10 d. Half of
      the animals from each group were then killed; the remainder continued on their
      previous Mg intakes and were subjected to low (500 mg Ca/kg diet) dietary Ca for
      7 or 15 d. After 10 d of Mg deficiency, rats fed adequate Ca were hypomagnesemic
      and hypercalcemic, relative to controls, and had elevated circulating parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) but normal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-DHCC). After 7 d of
      low dietary Ca, there were no significant differences in plasma Ca, 1,25-DHCC or
      PTH between control and Mg-deficient rats despite a 50% reduction in plasma Mg in
      the latter group. After 15 d of low Ca stress, control rats remained
      normocalcemic, but Mg-deficient rats developed relative hypocalcemia despite
      similar, high circulating levels of PTH. Plasma 1,25-DHCC in the hypocalcemic, Mg
      deficient rats was significantly lower than that of control rats also exposed to
      low dietary Ca, suggesting an impairment in 1,25-DHCC production during chronic
      Mg depletion. Significantly elevated renal Ca content was present in the Mg
      deficient rats, which was unrelated to dietary Ca and preceded the development of
      hypocalcemia. The results indicate that both the duration of Mg deficiency and
      the Ca content of the experimental diet are important determinants of an animal's
      ability to maintain Ca homeostasis during Mg depletion.

PMID- 3373339
TI  - Marginal zinc deficiency affects maternal brain microtubule assembly in rats.
AB  - The possible physiological role of Zn in tubulin polymerization was studied.
      Tubulin assembly in vitro was characterized in brain supernatants from rats fed a
      marginally Zn-deficient diet (10 micrograms Zn/g) during pregnancy and lactation.
      The initial rate of tubulin polymerization was significantly lower (27%) in brain
      supernatants from the marginally Zn-deficient animals than from controls. This
      was associated with a lower Zn concentration in the brain supernatants from the
      marginally deficient rats. Total protein and tubulin concentrations were the same
      in the supernatants from both groups. These data show that Zn is necessary for
      normal tubulin assembly and indicate that one biochemical defect underlying brain
      alterations in Zn deficiency could be abnormal microtubule function.

PMID- 3373340
TI  - Influence of genetic obesity, food intake and adrenalectomy in mice on selected
      trace element-dependent protective enzymes.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to determine if food intake and adrenalectomy
      influenced abnormal antioxidant defense mechanisms observed in obese mice. Paired
      male C57BL/6J mice of two genotypes, obese (ob/ob) and lean (+/?), were fed a
      nonpurified diet ad libitum or restricted (2.5 g/d) until 3 mo old. Obese mice
      had larger livers and kidneys but smaller brains than lean mice. Plasma
      ceruloplasmin activity of obese mice was 240% of that of lean mice. Restricting
      food intake but not adrenalectomy reduced this difference, but ceruloplasmin
      activity of obese mice was still 150% of that of restricted-fed lean mice.
      Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in liver of obese mice was 70% of that
      in control lean mice; however, in kidney GSH-Px activity was 135% of that in
      obese mice. Both liver and kidney GSH-Px differences were eliminated by food
      restriction but not by adrenalectomy. Blood and brain GSH-Px activity was not
      influenced by the mutation. Liver and kidney copper-zinc superoxide dismutase
      activity was lower in obese mice than in lean littermates, 30 and 20%,
      respectively. Food restriction eliminated this difference in liver but not in
      kidney. Glutathione S-transferase activity using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as
      substrate was 55% lower in liver (not kidney) of obese mice than in lean mice and
      this difference was not markedly influenced by food restriction. Obese mice have
      marked changes in the steady-state activities of a number of protective enzymes
      that are organ dependent and, in part, due to the hyperphagia associated with
      this mutation.

PMID- 3373341
TI  - Metabolic balance of manganese in young men consuming diets containing five
      levels of dietary manganese.
AB  - Five healthy men, ages 19-20, were fed a diet for 105 d to measure manganese
      balance during consumption of conventional foods. The study was divided into five
      periods of 21, 21, 38, 11 and 14 d, in which the daily dietary intakes of
      manganese (Mn) were 2.89, 2.06, 1.21, 3.79 and 2.65 mg, respectively. During the
      last 7 d of each dietary period, subjects resided in a metabolic unit and fasting
      blood samples were drawn on two mornings. Feces and urine were collected during
      the last 6 d and integumental losses were collected during the last 60 h of each
      period. The mean Mn balances for periods 1-5 were -0.083, -0.018, -0.088, +0.657
      and +0.136 mg/d, respectively. Corresponding apparent retentions were -2.90, 
      0.88, -7.40, +17.33 and +5.12%. The mean sum of endogenous and exogenous losses
      when intake was theoretically zero was calculated to be 392 micrograms/d. When
      these total losses were combined with the mean positive retention, the
      theoretical mean dietary level of Mn required for positive balance for these male
      subjects was 3.5 mg/d or 50 micrograms/kg.

PMID- 3373342
TI  - Differences in uricogenic effects of dietary purine bases, nucleosides and
      nucleotides in rats.
AB  - The uricogenic effects of dietary free purines (adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine
      and xanthine), their nucleosides (adenosine, monophosphate, guanosine
      monophosphate and inosine monophosphate) were studied in rats. Casein-based diets
      (20% protein) supplemented with 30 mmol/kg diet of each of the free purine base,
      nucleoside or nucleotide were fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats (100 +/- 5 g) for
      14 d. Addition of adenine resulted in less weight gain than in controls, greater
      kidney weight, greater urine volume and higher levels of blood urea nitrogen,
      serum uric acid, creatinine and allantoin but lower urinary levels of allantoin,
      uric acid and creatinine. The adenine diet also caused nephropathy characterized
      by nephromegaly and deposition of crystals. A microscopic examination of the
      kidneys revealed deposition of crystals mainly in the lumen of convoluted tubules
      of the cortex. Feeding of diets containing other purine bases, nucleosides and
      nucleotides had no adverse effects on kidney weight or structure, urine volume,
      serum uric acid or creatinine. Urinary allantoin excretion, however, was greater
      in rats fed hypoxanthine, xanthine, nucleoside and nucleotide diets than in
      control rats. Adenine produced adverse effects only when fed in the free form and
      not when fed as the nucleoside or nucleotide, suggesting a metabolic significance
      for free adenine in predicting hyperuricemic effects of foods.

PMID- 3373343
TI  - Intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria reduce oxalate absorption and toxicity in
      guinea pigs.
AB  - Previous studies have provided evidence that an anaerobic bacterium, which
      degrades dietary oxalate to CO2 and formate, is present in colonic contents of a
      number of herbivorous species, laboratory rodents and humans. The present study
      examines the possibility that these bacteria degrade significant amounts of
      oxalate and can influence colonic oxalate absorption. Guinea pigs adapted to a
      diet containing 2% sodium oxalate or fed a normal diet were challenged with 67,
      135, 170 or 200 mg of sodium oxalate containing 0.5 microCi of [14C]oxalate,
      which was injected into the cecum. Adapted animals excreted approximately 2% of
      the 14C in the urine, regardless of the dose, whereas unadapted animals excreted
      significantly higher amounts in the urine at the two lower doses and died at the
      two higher doses. Conversely, antibiotic treatment of adapted guinea pigs reduced
      the ability of their cecal flora to degrade oxalate, and a correspondingly
      greater percentage of an injected oxalate load was excreted in the urine. Oxalate
      degradation rates in cecal fluid were depressed by the secondary bile salt
      deoxycholate, and in vitro studies with pure isolates of guinea pig and human
      strains of oxalate degraders confirmed that these bacteria were highly sensitive
      to low concentrations of deoxycholate. Results indicate that these bacteria may
      be important in preventing excess absorption of oxalate and raise the possibility
      that the hyperoxaluria associated with bile salt malabsorption of ileal disease
      in part may be due to suppression of these bacteria by the bile salts.

PMID- 3373344
TI  - Influence of the disaccharide lactitol on intestinal absorption and body
      retention of calcium in rats.
AB  - Various sugars are known to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption by a
      mechanism that is still poorly understood. One of those, the disaccharide 4-gal
      actosyl-sorbitol (lactitol), is only metabolized in the large intestine, where it
      is converted into acidic residues. We investigated the effect of this compound on
      net intestinal absorption and body retention of calcium in rats. Because dietary
      calcium is in a poorly absorbable form when it reaches the large intestine,
      attempts were made to modify the absorption of calcium present in the large
      intestine contents by administering lactitol. Net intestinal absorption and body
      retention of calcium were significantly increased by 2.5 g lactitol/(kg b.w.d)
      given by a gavage over a 7-d period. This was associated with a lower pH and a
      better availability to absorptive systems of calcium present in the large
      intestine contents. The results indicate that in rats lactitol given chronically
      increases net intestinal absorption of calcium with a subsequently more positive
      calcium balance.

PMID- 3373345
TI  - Rat models for chronic alcohol consumption.

PMID- 3373346
TI  - Proportionate mortality study of US Army and US Marine Corps veterans of the
      Vietnam War.
AB  - The patterns of mortality among 24,235 US Army and Marine Corps Vietnam veterans
      were compared with that of 26,685 non-Vietnam veterans using standardized
      proportional mortality ratios. The veterans were a random sample of deceased
      Vietnam-era veterans identified in a Veterans Administration computerized benefit
      file. Military service information was obtained from military personnel records,
      and cause of death information from death certificates. Statistically significant
      excess deaths were observed among Army Vietnam veterans for motor vehicle
      accidents, non-motor vehicle accidents, and accidental poisonings. Similar
      findings have been reported in other studies of Vietnam veterans. Suicides were
      not elevated among Vietnam veterans. The Marine Corps Vietnam veterans appeared
      to have an increased mortality from lung cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
      Although exposure to several environmental factors may be speculated, this study
      did not investigate possible etiologic factors for these elevated malignancies.

PMID- 3373347
TI  - A second follow-up of mortality in a cohort of pesticide applicators.
AB  - A cohort of 16,124 male pesticide applicators was matched with Social Security
      Administration and National Death Index (NDI) files through December 31, 1984. In
      all, 1,082 deaths were ascertained, and death certificates were obtained for 994
      (92%). The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 98.
      Although a number of specific causes of death showed SMRs significantly below
      100, only one category of cause of death showed a significantly elevated SMR-
      cancer of the lung, with an SMR of 135. Termite control operators (TCO)--the
      group with the greatest likelihood of exposure to chlordane and heptachlor--had
      an SMR for lung cancer of 97, compared with 158 for other pesticide operators.
      The excess of lung cancer in the non-TCO workers was limited to operators
      employed as such for less than five years.

PMID- 3373348
TI  - Leg power characteristics of female firefighter applicants.
AB  - The primary purposes of this study were to characterize the anaerobic power of a
      large group of adult female subjects and to analyze the relationship of body
      composition, leg power, and leg strength tests to performance on the Wingate
      Anaerobic Test (WAT) in these women. A secondary purpose was to observe the
      relationship of the WAT to a stair-climbing test used to select firefighters. The
      subjects were the top 150 of the 1,090 women who took a firefighter applicant
      physical performance test. Predicted dependent variables from the WAT were mean
      power (MP), peak power (PP), and percent fatigue (%F). Among the nine independent
      variables entered into multiple regression analysis (age, height, weight, fat
      free weight, percent fat, leg press strength, vertical jump, maximal physical
      work capacity (PWCmax) and stair climb) 45%, 40%, and 16% of the variance in MP,
      PP, and %F were accounted for. Fat-free weight accounted for the most variation
      in MP and PP, and PWCmax accounted for the most variation in %F. There was little
      relationship observed between MP, PP, or %F and the stair-climbing test.

PMID- 3373349
TI  - Evaluation of excess colorectal cancer incidence among workers involved in the
      manufacture of polypropylene.
AB  - In response to reports of an unusually high number of colorectal cancers among
      employees on a unit devoted to the manufacture of polypropylene, we examined
      colorectal cancer incidence rates for 335 workers with at least 6 months
      employment on this unit from 1960 to 1985. Assuming a 10-year latent period, we
      found a significant 5.6-fold colorectal cancer excess (7 observed/1.26 expected,
      standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2 to
      11.5), concentrated among mechanical (5 observed/0.47 expected, SIR = 10.6, 95%
      CI 3.4 to 24.7) and process workers (2 observed/0.40 expected, SIR = 5.0, 95% CI
      0.6 to 17.8). No colorectal cancer was found among administrative/office
      personnel on our study roster. All of the cancers occurred in employees who
      initially worked on the unit during its first 6 years of operation, and the
      minimum interval from start of employment to cancer development was 20 years. In
      addition, the ages of the cancer cases suggested a younger age distribution than
      would be expected based on general population rates. Since this study was
      descriptive in nature, we could not evaluate whether the cancer excess was
      related to occupational exposures, other environmental factors, or the random
      clustering of cancers in our worker populations (viz, "chance"). Further studies
      are currently ongoing to assess occupational and/or personal factors that may be
      related to this colorectal cancer excess.

PMID- 3373350
TI  - Use of a population-based tumor registry to estimate cancer incidence among a
      cohort of chemical workers.
AB  - There have been many studies conducted of mortality in occupational cohorts, but
      few of cancer incidence. Two major facilities of the Western Division of Dow
      Chemical USA are located fortuitously within an area covered by the population
      based California Tumor Registry, which allowed linkage of records to identify
      incident cancers among 1,403 male workers. Using adjusted county rates for
      comparison, 49 new cancers were observed in the cohort from 1969 through 1983,
      whereas 63.0 were expected (standardized incidence ratio = 78, 95% confidence
      limits = 53 to 103). Nonsignificant excesses were noted for several cancer groups
      among some categories of workers; however, there was no predominant tumor type
      within the groups. The successful completion of this collaborative project
      suggests that using population-based tumor registries for surveillance of
      occupational cohorts is feasible.

PMID- 3373352
TI  - Lead absorption resulting from exposure to lead naphthenate.

PMID- 3373351
TI  - Reaction time and strength in pregnant and nonpregnant employed women.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not employed women, during
      pregnancy or the immediate postpartum period, differ from nonpregnant employed
      women in reaction time and upper extremity strength. Differences in reaction
      time, strength, and/or physical work capacity during pregnancy could have
      implications for maternal and fetal safety, and for job assignment, tool design,
      and work process design for expectant mothers. Balance is affected by changes in
      weight, body contour, and center of gravity shift (National Safety News 1979;
      119:77-80). Awkwardness, fatigue, and tendency toward loss of balance could
      become critical, especially when rapid movement or reaction is required for
      safety or task performance.

PMID- 3373354
TI  - Relationship between integrated sucking pressures and first bottle-feeding scores
      in premature infants.
AB  - Reasons for delays in initiating premature infant bottle-feeding and the
      complications associated with various methods of providing nutrition to premature
      infants are discussed. A quantitative, correlational study was undertaken to
      assess premature infants' readiness to bottle-feed. Thirty premature infants,
      weighing 1,230 to 2,020 g were studied to determine the relationship between
      integrated sucking pressures and bottle-feeding scores. Sucking pressures were
      measured with research nipples and an electronic suckometer. Feeding ability was
      measured using a complex research scale and a simpler clinical scale. Feeding
      scales correlated significantly (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001) while sucking
      pressures and feeding scores did not correlate significantly. Study limitations
      may have been responsible for the lack of a significant correlation between
      sucking pressures and feeding scores. Further research is needed to establish
      simple, quantitative safety parameters for beginning oral feedings for premature
      infants.

PMID- 3373353
TI  - Education for childbirth: a time for change.
AB  - In earlier times, people were well-acquainted with childbearing and childrearing
      through their contacts within the extended family. However, during this century,
      several factors have affected changes in traditional birthing attitudes and
      practices and have precipitated the need for formal education in childbirth. This
      position article reviews the history and literature of the development of
      contemporary education for childbirth classes as well as the research on the
      effects of formal childbirth education instruction. Suggestions for further
      research and future directions of change are provided.

PMID- 3373355
TI  - The impact of infant rooming-in on maternal sleep at night.
AB  - Two opposing issues in postpartum rooming-in are the benefits of continuous
      interaction and the threat of maternal sleep disruption. A two-group comparison
      study was designed to investigate differences in sleep patterns for a group of
      mothers who roomed-in with their infants at night as compared with a group who
      was separated from their infants at night. The data collected from the mothers in
      the study indicated that mothers did not sleep longer or better when their
      infants were returned to the nursery during the night.

PMID- 3373356
TI  - The relationship of vaginal and cesarean births to father-infant attachment.
AB  - A descriptive, correlational study was undertaken to determine the relationship
      between type of birth, vaginal or cesarean, and father-infant attachment.
      Attachment behaviors were measured in the home one month after birth for 60
      father-infant pairs (30 vaginal and 30 cesarean). Results from the father-infant
      observation tool and the paternal caretaking activities questionnaire indicated
      no significant difference between the groups. However, the following variables
      did predict reported caretaking activities: infant gender, previous children,
      father's presence at the delivery, and early contact.

PMID- 3373357
TI  - Surfactant administration: an ethical dilemma.

PMID- 3373358
TI  - Chlamydia and condyloma acuminata.

PMID- 3373359
TI  - Prenatal care in Oklahoma: estimated numbers of self-pay women in financial need
      for 1987.

PMID- 3373360
TI  - Pathogenesis of HIV infections.

PMID- 3373361
TI  - Care of the cardiac patient: assessment, evaluation, and nursing implications.
      Part III. Fluid requirements, patient teaching, and nursing interventions.

PMID- 3373362
TI  - Intraspinal narcotic infusions for terminal cancer pain.

PMID- 3373363
TI  - Patient care manual for implanted vascular access devices.

PMID- 3373364
TI  - A study of single lumen peripherally inserted central line catheter dwelling time
      and complications.

PMID- 3373365
TI  - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy: IV team responsibility.

PMID- 3373367
TI  - Organizing your investment records.

PMID- 3373366
TI  - IV drug administration guidelines: a simplified format.

PMID- 3373368
TI  - Normal saline flush vs. dilute heparin flush.

PMID- 3373369
TI  - [Speech sound perception modality in cochlear implant patients with different
      processing strategies].

PMID- 3373370
TI  - [Immunohistochemical investigation of middle ear mucosa in otitis media with
      effusion].

PMID- 3373371
TI  - [Cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in patients under 40 years of age:
      clinical appearance and treatment results].

PMID- 3373372
TI  - [Eustachian tube function in cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 3373373
TI  - [Response to OK-432 (picibanil) in cancer patients and change of immunological
      parameters for the administration of OK-432 (picibanil)].

PMID- 3373374
TI  - [Computed tomography in the evaluation of sphenoidal sinus lesions].

PMID- 3373375
TI  - [Idiopathic perilymphatic fistula].

PMID- 3373376
TI  - [Tympanometric diagnosis of the aditus block in chronic otitis media].

PMID- 3373377
TI  - [Mechanical properties of the human trachea in vivo].

PMID- 3373378
TI  - Historical and clinical factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis
      genitourinary infection in female adolescents.
AB  - Five hundred sixty-eight adolescent female patients receiving routine gynecologic
      care at urban clinics were screened by culture for Chlamydia trachomatis
      infection at both the urethra and endocervix. Culture results for 562 were
      available from either or both sites. Positive cultures were obtained from 139
      (25%). Urethral infection was not associated with either urinary tract symptoms
      or sterile pyuria, but urethral or endocervical infection was associated with
      cervical friability (P = less than 0.0001), endocervical mucopus (P = 0.0001),
      cervical erythema (P = 0.0002), and cervical ectopy or erosion (P = 0.01).
      Increased chlamydial infection rates were associated with older age (P = 0.01),
      history of more frequent intercourse (P = 0.01), and history of more than one
      lifetime partner (P = 0.023), with a marginal association for being black (P =
      0.05). Method of contraception, reason for attending clinic, age at menarche, age
      at first intercourse, years sexually active, number of sexual partners in
      preceding 6 months, parity, and prior history of sexually transmitted disease
      were not associated with having chlamydial genitourinary infection.

PMID- 3373379
TI  - Anal intercourse and knowledge of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among
      minority-group female adolescents.

PMID- 3373381
TI  - Medical students: a substrate and a legacy.

PMID- 3373380
TI  - A 12-year-old girl with a rash and pulmonary infiltrations.

PMID- 3373382
TI  - On improving the health of children.

PMID- 3373383
TI  - Consultative pediatrics: a role for the generalist in an academic setting.

PMID- 3373384
TI  - Exercise tolerance and exercise conditioning in children with chronic lung
      disease.

PMID- 3373385
TI  - Hypereosinophilic syndrome.

PMID- 3373386
TI  - Sampling frequency to describe drug disposition in neonates.

PMID- 3373387
TI  - Whole cow milk versus iron-fortified formula.

PMID- 3373388
TI  - Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

PMID- 3373389
TI  - A biostatistical survey questionnaire.

PMID- 3373390
TI  - Vitamin D metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and bone mineralization in term
      infants fed human milk, cow milk-based formula, or soy-based formula.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate mechanisms of mineral homeostasis and
      mineralization in term infants with recommended vitamin D intakes. Infants fed
      human milk (nine), cow milk-based formula (11), or soy-based formula (11) were
      studied at 2 weeks and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. While receiving 400
      IU of vitamin D, all infants maintained serum vitamin D concentrations higher or
      equal to normal adult concentrations, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were
      maintained at or above normal adult levels. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
      concentrations were higher than those of adults in the formula-fed but not in the
      human milk-fed infants. Serum calcium and phosphorus values were similar in all
      groups; however, urine phosphorus excretion and urine calcium excretion were
      adjusted to intakes. Serum parathyroid hormone values were normal in all groups.
      Bone mineral content significantly increased with age similarly in all groups;
      however, an apparent plateau occurred at 6 months of age in all groups. Bone
      width steadily increased with age. Taken as a whole, these data suggest that the
      vitamin D-sufficient term infant fed human milk, cow milk-based formula, or the
      soy-based formula studied can regulate mineral metabolism within acceptable
      physiologic limits to attain similar levels of serum minerals and bone mineral
      content.

PMID- 3373391
TI  - Long-term auxologic effects of human growth hormone.
AB  - Seventy-eight children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency treated with
      human growth hormone continuously for up to 5 years were studied; 58 were
      prepubertal at the start of treatment, and remained so throughout the treatment
      period, and 20 were showing pubertal signs at the start of treatment. Height
      velocity increased markedly in the prepubertal group over the first year of
      therapy, with a gradual decrease in the following years. The increased growth
      rate of the first treatment year continued in the pubertal group. Height standard
      deviation score for chronologic age increased significantly throughout all
      treatment years, but for bone age did not change in either group. The more
      frequent the treatment regimen, the better was the growth response; a dose effect
      independent of frequency was identified. Thus human growth hormone treatment
      cannot make up a deficit in height prognosis already present at diagnosis, but
      prevents further loss of stature, which is why early diagnosis is important.

PMID- 3373393
TI  - Relationship of type I procollagen to corticosteroid therapy in children with
      inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - We determined the serum concentration of the C-terminal propeptide of type I
      procollagen (pColl-I-C) in 60 children and adolescents (ages 4 to 17 years) with
      inflammatory bowel disease (24 ulcerative colitis, 36 Crohn disease) and in seven
      children (ages 2 to 15 years) with nongastrointestinal disease (asthma) during
      varying regimens of corticosteroid therapy. Patients with inflammatory bowel
      disease were grouped according to disease severity (mild, and moderate to
      severe). Significantly lower pColl-I-C concentrations and growth velocities were
      found in each severity group among those subjects receiving daily corticosteroid
      therapy compared with those receiving alternate-day or no corticosteroid therapy
      (P less than 0.01). When daily corticosteroid therapy was initiated and then
      maintained for 7 to 14 days in 11 patients with exacerbation of inflammatory
      bowel disease clinical improvement resulted, but mean procollagen concentrations
      decreased significantly (P less than 0.001). In seven children with asthma
      receiving methylprednisolone intravenously, significant decreases in pColl-I-C
      concentrations were noted within 24 to 48 hours of therapy (P less than 0.001).
      These data indicate that serum procollagen values decrease during both short- and
      long-term daily administration of corticosteroid therapy. Longitudinal assessment
      of procollagen concentrations may provide rapid assessment of the effects of
      different corticosteroid regimens on growth.

PMID- 3373395
TI  - Erythropoietin: off again, on again.

PMID- 3373394
TI  - Antroduodenal motility in children with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
AB  - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction describes a heterogeneous group of
      disorders characterized by signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction in the
      absence of a mechanical lesion. We studied antroduodenal motility in 13 children
      with pseudo-obstruction. The diagnosis was based on radiographic evidence in all,
      surgery in 11, and specific pathologic features in four. Antroduodenal motility
      was abnormal in all 13. Qualitative abnormalities in the patterns of
      antroduodenal contractions permitted separation into groups: (1) postprandial
      hypomotility (n = 3), (2) absent migrating motor complexes, with phase 3-like
      activity at the start of meals (neuropathic variety) (n = 5) (3) very low
      amplitude or absent contractions (myopathic variety) (n = 2); the remaining
      patients (n = 3) had other distinctive abnormalities. Cisapride, a new
      gastrointestinal prokinetic drug, stimulated proximal duodenal contractions in
      the 30 minutes after a meal in nine of 10 patients tested. These studies indicate
      that antroduodenal manometry is useful for characterizing intestinal pseudo
      obstruction, and cisapride stimulates postprandial duodenal contractions in
      patients with pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 3373392
TI  - Hepatitis D virus infection in children with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus
      infection in Taiwan.
AB  - To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of hepatitis D virus
      infection (HDV) in childhood, total antibody to hepatitis D antigen (anti-HD) in
      serum samples from 247 children (29 with acute hepatitis B, 68 with chronic
      hepatitis B, and 150 with asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      carriers with normal liver function profiles) were studied using solid-phase
      competitive radioimmunoassay. Anti-HD was detected in three of the 29 children
      with acute hepatitis B and in only one of the 68 with chronic hepatitis B; none
      of the serum specimens from 150 asymptomatic carriers with normal liver function
      profile showed detectable anti-HD. All three children with HDV coinfection
      cleared HBsAg and seroconverted to anti-HBs, whereas one with superinfection
      finally had normal liver function without clearance of HBsAg. To identify
      possible sources of HDV infection, HBV markers and anti-HD in family members were
      also examined. One 4-month-old infant boy became infected through a blood
      transfusion from his hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive carrier father, who
      had anti-HD. A 4-month-old infant girl was infected through close contact with
      her HBeAg-negative carrier father, who had HDV superinfection. The infection
      sources remained undefined in another two patients. The mothers of these four
      children were seronegative for anti-HD, indicating that perinatal transmission is
      not the usual mode of HDV infection in Taiwan. The natural course of either acute
      or chronic HBV infections in childhood in Taiwan may be more closely related to
      HBV itself, or to some other yet unrecognized factor, rather than to HDV
      infection.

PMID- 3373396
TI  - Neurologic symptoms during coughing paroxysms in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 3373397
TI  - Neurologic and cognitive deficits in children with cystinosis.

PMID- 3373398
TI  - Passively acquired human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity in a neonate after
      hepatitis B immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3373399
TI  - Growth hormone assessment and short-term treatment with growth hormone in Turner
      syndrome.

PMID- 3373400
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in children with pectus excavatum.

PMID- 3373401
TI  - Multiple telangiectases of the colon in childhood.

PMID- 3373402
TI  - Increased serum level of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 after parathyroid hormone in
      the normocalcemic phase of idiopathic hypercalcemia.

PMID- 3373403
TI  - Responsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin of marrow erythroid
      progenitors from infants with the "anemia of prematurity".
AB  - We used cells from marrow aspirations that had been performed on 10 infants with
      the "anemia of prematurity" and tested the responsiveness of their erythroid
      colony-forming units (CFU-E) to recombinant human erythropoietin. For comparison,
      we also tested marrow-derived CFU-E from five healthy adults, and circulating CFU
      E from cord blood of five healthy neonates. CFU-E from the anemic infants had a
      50% maximal response at 0.073 +/- 0.024 U erythropoietin per milliliter (mean +/-
      SD). They were therefore at least as responsive as were CFU-E from adults, which
      displayed a 50% maximal response at 0.118 +/- 0.076 U/ml, and as were circulating
      CFU-E of cord blood origin, which had a 50% maximal response at 0.109 +/- 0.047
      U/ml. Because CFU-E from infants with the "anemia of prematurity" appeared highly
      sensitive to erythropoietin in vitro, we propose that its administration to these
      patients would likely result in a significant increase in erythrocyte production
      in vivo.

PMID- 3373404
TI  - Administration of indomethacin for the prevention of periventricular
      intraventricular hemorrhage in high-risk neonates.
AB  - One hundred twenty-two preterm infants were enrolled in a placebo-controlled,
      double-blind trial using intravenous indomethacin for the prevention of
      periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH). Before random assignment,
      data on the infants were stratified according to low-weight (500 to 999 g) or
      high-weight (1000 to 1500 g) subgroups. Cranial sonography was used to document
      the absence of PVH-IVH before enrollment and the occurrence of PVH-IVH during the
      7-day protocol. Indomethacin, 0.1 mg/kg, or placebo was administered before 12
      hours of age and at 24, 48, and 72 hours of age. Five patients receiving
      indomethacin and six receiving placebo were withdrawn before completion of the
      study. In the remaining 111 patients, the indomethacin and placebo groups were
      comparable with respect to gestational ages, maternal complications, Apgar
      scores, ventilatory requirements, complications of prematurity, and mortality
      rate. PVH-IVH developed in six of 56 infants who received indomethacin and 11 of
      55 infants who received placebo (P = 0.174). Analysis of the individual strata
      showed that the indomethacin-treated infants in the low-weight subgroup sustained
      a higher mortality rate (11/17 vs 3/16; P = 0.008) without a reduction in the
      incidence of PVH-IVH. Infants in the indomethacin-treated high-weight subgroup
      demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of PVH-IVH (2/39 vs 8/39; P = 0.04),
      but the frequency of high-grade hemorrhages was comparable for both indomethacin-
      and placebo-treated groups. In summary, the prophylactic administration of
      intravenous indomethacin for the prevention of PVH-IVH cannot be recommended for
      infants less than 1000 g. In preterm infants between 1000 and 1500 g birth
      weight, indomethacin significantly reduced the incidence of PVH-IVH.

PMID- 3373405
TI  - Randomized low-dose indomethacin trial for prevention of intraventricular
      hemorrhage in very low birth weight neonates.
AB  - We admitted 36 preterm neonates (600 to 1250 gm birth weight) with normal 6-hour
      echoencephalograms to a randomized, placebo-controlled prospective trial to
      determine whether a low dose of indomethacin would prevent germinal matrix or
      intraventricular hemorrhage and permit adequate urinary output. Between the sixth
      and tenth postnatal hours, indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg) or placebo was administered
      intravenously every 24 hours for a total of three doses. Cardiac ultrasound
      studies to assess the status of the ductus arteriosus were performed at 6
      postnatal hours and on day 5. Urinary output, serum electrolytes, serum
      indomethacin levels, and renal and clotting functions were monitored. No
      differences in birth weight, gestational age, or Apgar scores were noted between
      the two groups of infants. Two indomethacin-treated infants and three infants
      given placebo had significant urinary output difficulties, requiring that the
      study medication be withheld. Of 19 infants given indomethacin, two had germinal
      matrix or intraventricular hemorrhage, in comparison with 8 of 17 infants given
      saline solution (p = 0.02). Of the infants who had a left-to-right patent ductus
      arteriosus shunt before treatment, 64% of the indomethacin-treated and 33% of the
      saline solution-treated infants no longer had a patent ductus arteriosus on day
      5. Ductal status appeared unrelated to the development of germinal matrix or
      intraventricular hemorrhage.

PMID- 3373406
TI  - Bone mineralization in former very low birth weight infants fed either human milk
      or commercial formula.
AB  - The bone mineral status of former very low birth weight infants previously fed
      fortified human milk was evaluated during the posthospitalization period.
      Anthropometric measurements, bone mineral content, bone width, serum calcium,
      phosphorus, and albumin concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity were
      evaluated at 10, 16, and 25 postnatal weeks. Infants were fed either commercial
      formula or unfortified human milk after their hospital discharge. At 16 and 25
      weeks postnatally, human milk-fed infants (group HM) had lower bone mineral
      content (P less than 0.01), bone mineral content/bone width ratio (p less than
      0.01), serum phosphorus concentration (p less than 0.03), and higher alkaline
      phosphatase activity (p less than 0.01) than commercial formula-fed infants
      (group CM). Growth was similar in both groups. Bone mineral content was
      correlated positively to serum phosphorus (r = 0.52, p less than 0.05) and
      inversely to alkaline phosphatase activity (r = -0.63, p less than 0.01) at 25
      weeks postnatally. The use of serum biochemical markers, however, could account
      for only 44% of the variability in bone mineral content. The exclusive feeding of
      human milk to very low birth weight infants after hospital discharge may place
      them at risk for mineral deficiencies.

PMID- 3373407
TI  - Improved bone mineralization and growth in premature infants fed fortified own
      mother's milk.
AB  - "Preterm" human milk fortified with protein (0.85 gm/dL), calcium (90 mg/dL), and
      phosphorus (45 mg/dL) was compared with unfortified preterm human milk as a
      feeding for low birth weight infants. Additionally, a special formula for low
      birth weight infants (Similac Special Care (SC), 20 cal/oz), was compared with a
      standard 20 cal/oz formula (Similac). Bone mineral content (BMC), as measured by
      photon absorptiometry, improved in the study groups fed fortified human milk and
      Similac SC formula during the first 6 weeks of full oral feedings. Even though
      the intakes of calcium in the groups fed fortified human milk and Similac SC
      formula approached the intrauterine requirement for Ca during the third trimester
      of pregnancy (150 mg/kg/d), the values for BMC in these two groups (37 to 39
      mg/cm) at the completion of the study were still considerably less than the
      intrauterine values for radial BMC at 36 to 37 weeks gestational age (72.6 +/-
      14.1 mg/cm). Furthermore, the relative phosphorus deficiency (as determined by
      increased urinary Ca excretion and increased renal tubular reabsorption of
      phosphate) in the human milk groups occurred with or without supplements of Ca
      and P. Rate of weight gain in the fortified human milk group was greater than
      that of the unfortified human milk group and was comparable to that of infants
      fed Similac SC formula. Rate of weight gain for the unfortified human milk group
      was similar to that of infants fed Similac formula containing 20 cal/oz. However,
      none of the four feeding groups exceeded the 50th percentile for weight at the
      time of discharge (36 to 37 weeks postconceptional age). The results suggest that
      fortifying preterm human milk with Ca, P, and protein for low birth weight
      infants will improve bone mineralization and rate of growth to levels comparable
      to those achieved with a special formula containing high amounts of protein, Ca,
      and P.

PMID- 3373408
TI  - Treating tinea capitis: should ketoconazole replace griseofulvin?
AB  - We undertook a randomized double-blind comparison of griseofulvin and
      ketoconazole for the treatment of tinea capitis. The outcome was based on fungal
      culture results and changes in clinical signs and symptoms determined by an
      assessment system that yielded a severity score. Patients were evaluated at 4
      week intervals for 12 weeks. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled; 46 received
      griseofulvin, and 33 received ketoconazole. Forty-eight patients (26
      griseofulvin, 22 ketoconazole) were considered evaluable. Pathogenic fungi were
      isolated from 78% of the enrolled and 87% of the evaluable patients. Trichophyton
      tonsurans was the predominant dermatophyte isolated. Potassium hydroxide
      preparation correlated poorly with culture results (sensitivity 59%). Of 22
      evaluable ketoconazole patients, 16 (73%) were considered to have been treated
      successfully; 25 of 26 (96%) patients who received griseofulvin were successfully
      treated (chi-square = 3.54, p less than 0.10). The proportion of culture-positive
      patients at each follow-up visit appeared somewhat greater for the ketoconazole
      treated group than for the griseofulvin-treated group, but the differences were
      not statistically significant. Analysis of severity scores revealed no
      significant differences between the groups (t test and Mann-Whitney U test). No
      significant hepatotoxicity or other adverse reactions were observed. We conclude
      that griseofulvin should remain the drug of choice for treating tinea capitis.

PMID- 3373410
TI  - Stressful life events, absenteeism, and the use of school health services.

PMID- 3373409
TI  - Treatment of refractory thrombocytopenic bleeding with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin (desmopressin).

PMID- 3373411
TI  - The child care dilemma: expanding nurse practitioner involvement.

PMID- 3373412
TI  - Self-care education, parent knowledge, and children's health care visits.

PMID- 3373413
TI  - Rural health clinics: up for ownership.

PMID- 3373414
TI  - Death of a parent.

PMID- 3373415
TI  - Dose-dependent metabolism and hepatic distribution of phenprocoumon in rats.
AB  - The dose-dependency of phenprocoumon disposition was determined in rats by iv
      administration of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg doses to separate groups of animals. The
      intrinsic clearance (unbound clearance) was 33% lower in the animals given 1.0
      mg/kg dose than in the animals given 0.1 mg/kg dose. The apparent unbound volume
      of distribution was 55% lower and the elimination rate constant 54% higher in the
      high dose group than in the lower dose group. Binding of phenprocoumon to liver
      showed saturability with a two- to threefold higher apparent unbound fraction of
      phenprocoumon in liver in animals given the high dose in comparison to animals
      given the low dose.

PMID- 3373416
TI  - Pharmacokinetic model equations for the one- and two-compartment models with
      first-order processes in which the absorption and exponential elimination or
      distribution rate constants are equal.
AB  - In fitting the one-compartment open model with first-order processes to empirical
      data, it has frequently been found for single-dose administration that the
      absorption and elimination rate constants approach each other. If these rate
      constants tend to be equal, such combinations are impossible to solve with the
      general model equation. In 1968, Dost published a special model function by which
      the problems associated with the general model function can be circumvented. No
      solution, however, has been published for multiple-dose functions with the one
      compartment model in which the absorption and elimination rate constants are
      equal. For a two-compartment open model with first-order processes, similar
      problems arise if the absorption and exponential distribution rate constants
      approach each other. Although this type of problems is often encountered in
      pharmacokinetic curve-fitting to empirical data, no exact solution has been
      published. Equations are given for multiple-dose administration with the one
      compartment open model in which the absorption and elimination rate constants are
      equal, and for single-dose and multiple-dose administration with the two
      compartment open model in which the absorption and exponential distribution rate
      constants are equal. Included are criteria to decide whether the new or the
      classical model functions should be applied in the case of a two-compartment open
      model.

PMID- 3373417
TI  - The use of mass balance principles to describe regional drug distribution and
      elimination.
AB  - Mass balance principles were used to derive a number of terms that are helpful in
      describing the rate and extent of regional drug uptake. Regional drug uptake was
      defined as the net movement of drug from the blood perfusing a region into the
      extravascular space of the region due to the distribution and/or elimination of
      the drug. By analogy with the traditional physiological definition of flux, net
      drug flux was defined as the difference in mass per unit time of drug
      respectively entering and leaving a region via the arterial and venous blood
      vessels. The time-integral of net drug flux, net drug mass, was defined as the
      mass of drug that has entered a region via the arterial blood vessels but has not
      left the region via the venous blood vessels. For regions in which no drug
      elimination occurs, the mean regional drug concentration was defined as the net
      drug mass divided by the mass of the region. When a number of criteria are
      satisfied, the net drug flux is approximately the rate of drug uptake and the net
      drug mass is approximately the extent of drug uptake. Several examples are given
      to demonstrate the broad range of applications of mass balance principles. First,
      the method was used to characterize the differences between drug distribution and
      elimination in a hypothetical region using drug concentrations simulated from
      compartmental models of either distribution alone or distribution with
      elimination. Second, the whole body distribution net flux was described during a
      constant rate infusion of iodohippurate (IOH) into a sheep from the difference
      between the whole body net flux and renal net flux of IOH. Third, the time course
      of the mean myocardial lignocaine (lidocaine) concentrations in a sheep after an
      intravenous bolus of lignocaine were described. The time course of the lignocaine
      induced depression of myocardial contractility followed more closely the mean
      myocardial lignocaine concentrations than that of either the arterial or coronary
      sinus blood concentrations. It is concluded that the use of mass balance
      principles provides a simple, empirical, and physiologically based method for the
      determination of the rate and extent of both drug distribution and elimination in
      regions as simple as single organs or as complex as the whole body.

PMID- 3373418
TI  - The uptake and elution of lignocaine and procainamide in the hindquarters of the
      sheep described using mass balance principles.
AB  - Mass balance principles were used to describe the uptake and elution of
      lignocaine (lidocaine) and procainamide in the hindquarters of the sheep. Each of
      four sheep received a right atrial infusion of either lignocaine.HCl (2.7 mg/min)
      or procainamide.HCl (5.5 mg/min) for 180 min. Paired arterial and inferior vena
      cava (draining the hindquarters) blood samples were taken at 20-min intervals
      during the infusion and for 180 min after the infusion. Lignocaine and
      procainamide mean total body clearances were 2.9 L/min (SD 1.1) and 1.3 L/min (SD
      0.2), respectively. An index of the uptake and elution of these drugs in the
      hindquarters was estimated from the net drug mass per unit hindquarter blood
      flow; indirect evidence suggested that hindquarter blood flow was constant. All
      the net mass/flow of procainamide that was taken into the hindquarters during the
      infusion also eluted after the infusion, demonstrating reversible distribution
      into the tissues. However, uptake of procainamide was still occurring when blood
      concentrations were constant, indicating that the concentrations of procainamide
      in the hindquarters were not in equilibrium with the inferior vena cava
      concentrations. Lignocaine did not reach constant blood concentrations during the
      infusion and showed no tendency to reach arterio-venous equilibration; an arterio
      venous difference of 22% (SD 5%) across the hindquarters was measured during the
      last 60 min of the infusion. By 180 min after the lignocaine infusions, 79% (SD
      8%) of the lignocaine net mass/flow had not eluted from the hindquarters when
      arterial and venous lignocaine concentrations were not significantly different.
      This drug could remain uneluted due to metabolism and/or avid tissue binding, and
      presents difficulties in the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data whether based
      on arterial or venous blood sampling.

PMID- 3373420
TI  - Numerical deconvolution using system identification methods.
AB  - A deconvolution method is presented for use in pharmacokinetic applications
      involving continuous models and small samples of discrete observations. The
      method is based on the continuous-time counterpart of discrete-time least squares
      system identification, well established in control engineering. The same
      technique, requiring only the solution of a linear regression problem, is used
      both in system identification and input identification steps. The deconvolution
      requires no a priori information, since the proposed procedure performs system
      identification (including optimal selection of model order), selects the form of
      the input function and calculates its parametric representation and its values at
      specified time points.

PMID- 3373419
TI  - Models of hepatic elimination: comparison of stochastic models to describe
      residence time distributions and to predict the influence of drug distribution,
      enzyme heterogeneity, and systemic recycling on hepatic elimination.
AB  - The residence time distribution of noneliminated solutes in the liver can be
      represented by a variety of stochastic models. The dispersion model (closed and
      mixed boundary conditions), gamma distribution, log normal distribution and
      normal distribution models were used to describe output concentration-time
      profiles after bolus injections into the liver of labeled erythrocytes and
      albumin. The dispersion model and log normal distribution model provide the best
      representation of the data and give similar estimates of relative dispersion and
      availability for varying hepatocellular enzyme activity. The availability of
      solutes eliminated from the liver by first-order kinetics is determined by the
      residence time distribution of the solute in the liver and not on events
      occurring in the liver when a uniform enzyme distribution is assumed. Both enzyme
      heterogeneity (axial or transverse) and hepatocyte permeability may affect solute
      availability. A more complex model accounting for enzyme distribution and the
      micromixing of solute within the liver is required for solutes undergoing
      saturable kinetics.

PMID- 3373421
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers in young and elderly arthritic
      patients following single and multiple doses.
AB  - Ketoprofen (KT), a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is
      marketed and used as a racemic mixture. In healthy volunteers, negligible
      differences have been reported between the plasma time courses of KT enantiomers.
      Using a stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay
      measuring (R)- and (S)-KT in plasma and urine, pharmacokinetics of the
      enantiomers following single (50 mg) and then multiple (50 mg every 6 h for 3 d)
      doses were delineated in nine young and nine elderly arthritic patients. There
      were no significant differences between pharmacokinetic indices calculated after
      single and multiple doses, or between the two groups. In plasma, there were no
      significant differences between intact enantiomers in either patient group.
      However, significantly more conjugated (S)-KT was found in elderly patient
      plasma. Similar to findings in healthy volunteers, elimination of conjugated KT
      in both patient groups was more extensive for the (S)-, as compared with the (R)
      isomer. It is suggested that age-dependent impaired elimination of conjugated (S)
      KT, along with preferential biliary excretion of conjugated (R)-KT, is
      responsible for these observations.

PMID- 3373422
TI  - Role of lysosomes in hepatic accumulation of chloroquine.
AB  - At therapeutic free concentrations (120-360 nM in rheumatoid arthritis), the
      accumulation ratio for chloroquine (7-chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1
      methylbutyl]amino]-quinoline; CQ) in viable isolated rat hepatocytes is 795 +/-
      33, which is of the same order of magnitude as in vivo hepatic uptake in the rat.
      The accumulation ratio is much lower in nonviable hepatocytes (12.4 +/- 0.5),
      showing that accumulation in membranes of hepatocytes accounts for a negligible
      proportion (less than 3%) of total accumulation at therapeutic free
      concentrations. This also indicates that the predominant mechanism of
      accumulation is dependent on structural integrity of cells and/or organelles. The
      accumulation ratio for CQ in viable hepatocytes is markedly reduced by NH4Cl and
      the metabolic inhibitors KCN and NaF. Since intralysosomal pH is known to be
      elevated in the presence of some weak bases (including NH4Cl and CQ) and
      metabolic inhibitors, this suggests that hepatic accumulation of CQ is a
      consequence of ion trapping in the acidic interior of lysosomes. Accumulation is
      linear at therapeutic free CQ concentrations; however, at CQ concentrations well
      above the therapeutic range, the accumulation ratio is markedly reduced. This is
      consistent with the known capacity of CQ to raise intralysosomal pH at these
      concentrations.

PMID- 3373423
TI  - Distribution of polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles in nude mice over extended
      times and after repeated injection.
AB  - Carbon-14-labeled polyhexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles, with diameters between
      200 and 300 nm, were injected intravenously into nude mice. The distribution in
      liver, spleen, lung, heart, kidney, GI tract, gonads, brain, muscle, and serum
      was investigated by liquid scintillation counting. After a single injection, the
      radiolabel was cleared slowly with 45% remaining after 28 d and 8% remaining
      after 140 d. After repeated injection with an interval of 28 d (twice or thrice),
      relatively higher proportions of the dose were found in the spleen and lung as
      compared with those in other organs. No histological alterations were observed in
      the liver, spleen, or lung.

PMID- 3373424
TI  - Effects of vehicles and prodrug properties and their interactions on the delivery
      of 6-mercaptopurine through skin: S6-acyloxymethyl-6-mercaptopurine prodrugs.
AB  - A homologous series of S6-acyloxymethyl-6-mercaptopurine (6-mono-6-MP) and two 9
      acyloxymethyl-6-mercaptopurine (9-mono-6-MP) prodrugs have been synthesized and
      characterized. The ability of the 6-mono-6-MP prodrugs to deliver 6
      mercaptopurine (6-MP) through hairless mouse skin from isopropyl myristate (IPM)
      and propylene glycol (PG) has been evaluated. There was a good correlation
      between the log experimental permeability coefficients from the diffusion data
      and calculated solubility parameters of the prodrugs. Although there was no
      statistical difference between the rates of delivery of 6-MP by the acetyl
      through valeryl 6-mono-6-MP prodrugs from IPM, the butyryl and valeryl prodrugs
      were significantly better at delivering 6-MP from PG. For a given solubility
      parameter value, the 6-mono-6-MP prodrugs were less soluble in water and IPM, and
      more soluble in PG than the previously studied S6,9-bisacyloxymethyl-6-MP (6,9
      bis-6-MP) prodrugs. On the other hand, for a given solubility parameter, the 6,9
      bis-6-MP prodrugs were generally more effective at delivering 6-MP from IPM and
      PG. The single 9-mono-6-MP prodrug that was evaluated was much less effective at
      delivering 6-MP than either the 6-mono- or 6,9-bis-6-MP prodrugs. Thus, it is
      much less important to mask the imidazole than the thionamide functional group in
      6-MP to enhance the topical delivery of 6-MP using a prodrug approach.

PMID- 3373425
TI  - Solute release from a porous polymeric matrix: inwardly tapered disk with a
      central releasing hole.
AB  - Diffusional solute release from an inert porous polymeric matrix was evaluated
      using sodium salicylate released from fused, inwardly tapered, polyethylene disk
      matrices (1.27 cm in diameter) with a central releasing hole. Two types of matrix
      were made by compressing (175 MPa) a sodium salicylate-melt polyethylene mixture
      with two different sets of circular conical punches having angles of 20 degrees
      and 30 degrees, with an axis perpendicular to the cone. The matrix sodium
      salicylate loading was greater than its solubility limit in the release medium.
      The fused matrices were coated with wax and perforated in their center to create
      a surface available for solute release. Flat disks with a central cylindrical
      hole were also made to compare the release profiles. An approximate solution was
      developed for these inwardly tapered disks and tested against experimental
      results. The theoretical model and experimental results showed good agreement and
      indicated that this type of matrix geometry may be useful as a pharmaceutical
      dosage form to approximate zero-order release.

PMID- 3373426
TI  - Effect of excipients on tablet properties and dissolution behavior of
      theophylline-tableted microcapsules under different compression forces.
AB  - Theophylline ethylcellulose microcapsules were tableted by compression with or
      without excipients [lactose or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-H)]. Tablets without
      excipients had a crushing strength that was independent of the applied
      compression force and the particle size of the microcapsules used, but tablet
      thickness decreased with an increase in the particle size of the microcapsules.
      The dissolution characteristics of theophylline from tableted microcapsules
      without excipients were almost independent of the applied compression force, but
      showed a sustained-release behavior. However, the thickness, crushing strength,
      and dissolution properties of tablets containing excipients were found to be
      affected by the type of excipient. Tableted microcapsules containing lactose
      showed an increase in tablet crushing strength that correlated with an increase
      in the applied compression pressure, but the tablet thickness did not change. In
      contrast, tableted microcapsules containing HPC-H showed a decrease in tablet
      thickness with an increase in the applied compression pressure, but the tablet
      crushing strength was initially reduced and then increased with an increase in
      the compression force. There was a rapid release rate for theophylline from
      tableted microcapsules containing lactose; a zero-order release rate for
      theophylline was found in tableted microcapsules containing HPC-H. The insoluble
      compacted matrix formation, disintegration of tablet, rupture of microcapsules,
      and gel matrix formation may be responsible for the release behavior of
      theophylline-tableted microcapsules with or without excipients. The reduced
      surface area and porosity resulted in a prolongation of the release from tableted
      microcapsules compared with untableted microcapsules.

PMID- 3373427
TI  - Utilization of diethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a sustained-release carrier for
      isosorbide dinitrate.
AB  - Heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (2) was prepared and its
      physicochemical properties, such as aqueous solubility and surface activity, were
      compared with those of beta-cyclodextrin (1) and heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta
      cyclodextrin (3). A possible utility of 2 as a sustained-release drug carrier was
      examined using a water-soluble drug, isosorbide dinitrate. The dissolution and
      release rates of isosorbide dinitrate from capsule and tablet forms were
      significantly retarded by the complexation with 2. The sustained-release pattern
      of isosorbide dinitrate was produced for a long period after the oral
      administration of a single dose of capsule or tablet containing the 2 complex to
      rats. The results indicated that 2 may serve as a hydrophobic drug carrier for
      sustained-release of isosorbide dinitrate.

PMID- 3373428
TI  - Binding of gossypol derivatives to human serum albumin.
AB  - In light of our previous finding that gossypol competes effectively with
      bilirubin for the high affinity bilirubin binding site on human serum albumin, a
      study of the binding to albumin of four gossypol derivatives was undertaken. The
      derivatives are compounds in which the aldehyde groups of gossypol are converted
      to nitriles and the periphenolic groups are acylated with acetyl, propionyl,
      butyryl, or valeryl groups. These periacylated gossylic nitriles bind to the high
      affinity bilirubin binding site on human serum albumin, but with dissociation
      constants approximately 30 times greater than that of gossypol. The gossypol
      derivatives also bind to another site on albumin, but with dissociation constants
      approximately 6 times greater than those for the bilirubin site. This second site
      has been identified as the major drug binding site in domain III.

PMID- 3373429
TI  - Studies on adsorptiochromism. II: Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of
      adsorptiochromic spiropyrans adsorbed to some pharmaceutically useful solids.
AB  - The colored powders produced by the adsorption of four adsorptiochromic
      spiropyrans to many solids (silica gel, silicic acid, fumed silica, alumina,
      microcrystalline cellulose, talc, titanium dioxide) were examined by diffuse
      reflectance spectroscopy. The reflectance spectra were dominated by two bands,
      one at 550 nm and the other in the range 400-500 nm, often at 472 nm. Plots of
      the Kubelka-Munk function [F(R' infinity)] against g, the coverage expressed in
      nmol/m2, were linear at very low g and approached a limiting value independent of
      g at high coverage. The color formation upon adsorption terminates at coverages
      much lower than the maximum binding capacity of the solid. The slope of the plot
      of F(R' infinity) against g, at low g (denoted f0), appears to be sensitive to
      the scattering properties of the solid. For a single solid (silica gel),
      comparison of f0 for adsorptiochromic adsorbates with f0 for permanent dyes
      allowed estimates to be made of the fraction of adsorbed spiropyran in the
      colored form on the surface.

PMID- 3373430
TI  - Structural requirements for binding of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to
      human serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of representative chemical classes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
      drugs (NSAIDs) to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by equilibrium
      dialysis. Warfarin enantiomers were used as specific markers in displacement
      studies. Data were analyzed by a computerized nonlinear least squares approach
      designed for binding of small ligands to macromolecules at equilibrium. The
      binding data indicated comparable affinities to the primary site by the warfarin
      enantiomers, phenylbutazone, and meclofenamate sodium. Naproxen, sulindac, and
      zomepirac showed lower affinity by one order of magnitude. The displacement data
      revealed stereoselectivity. The R(+) isomer was displaced to a significantly
      greater extent than the S(-) isomer by meclofenamate sodium, while the reverse
      was observed for phenylbutazone. Naproxen displaced both isomers to the same
      extent. No significant displacement of either isomer was seen with sulindac or
      zomepirac. Examination of the chemical structures of the high affinity compounds
      indicated the common feature of a hydrophobic area bearing a widely delocalized
      negative charge. Hydrophobic binding of these compounds to HSA at the warfarin
      site is possibly stabilized by the attraction of the delocalized negative charge
      to the basic lysine and arginine residues adjoining the lone tryptophan.

PMID- 3373431
TI  - A highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for quantitation of plasma
      fluphenazine.
AB  - Antisera of high sensitivity and selectivity were obtained from rabbits immunized
      with conjugates of hemisuccinylated fluphenazine and porcine thyroglobulin. The
      antiserum selected (titer 1:6000) for the development of the RIA was obtained
      after a priming dose and a single iv booster injection three months later. This
      antiserum had negligible crossreactivity with known available metabolites of
      fluphenazine (FPZ) and an affinity constant of 2 X 10(10) L/mol. Tritiated FPZ
      was further purified by HPLC and used as a ligand. The method detects as little
      as 20 pg/mL of plasma (4 pg/RIA tube) after 1 mL of plasma is extracted. The
      extraction was performed at a basic pH with heptane: isoamyl alcohol (99:1); the
      solvent was then back extracted using an acetic phosphate buffer. Recoveries were
      uniformly high (88.6 +/- 2.1%), and this aqueous buffer extract was used directly
      in the RIA procedure. The assay has intra- and interassay coefficients of
      variation of 5.8 and 8.2%, respectively, in a plasma concentration of 95 pg/mL.
      Results using this procedure have been cross validated against an HPLC procedure
      (r = 0.952, slope = 1.032, intercept = 0.009, n = 18). In a single-dose FPZ study
      (10 mg, po), plasma FPZ levels in 25 normal volunteers could be monitored greater
      than 48 h post dose. Single plasma level profiles, after an initial injection of
      12.5 mg of FPZ decanoate, could be measured greater than 36 d, and, in some
      cases, up to 100 d post dose.

PMID- 3373432
TI  - A novel method for measuring membrane-water partition coefficients of hydrophobic
      organic chemicals: comparison with 1-octanol-water partitioning.
AB  - A novel method of measuring membrane-water partitioning characteristics of very
      hydrophobic organic chemicals is described. Partition coefficients are reported
      for a series of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons of varying molar volume between
      water and L-a-phosphatidylcholine dimyristoyl (DMPC) membrane vesicles and two
      solvents, n-hexane and 1-octanol. The results indicate that n-hexane and 1
      octanol are satisfactory surrogates for DMPC membranes for chemicals with 1
      octanol-water partition coefficients (log KOW) less than 5.5 or molar volumes
      less than 230 cm3/mol. Chemicals with higher log KOW or molar volume values
      display marked differences in membrane-water, 1-octanol-water, and n-hexane-water
      partitioning. Implications for lipid- and organism-water partitioning of
      hydrophobic chemicals are discussed.

PMID- 3373433
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the
      determination of nicotine in plasma.
AB  - Nicotine in plasma can be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography
      with electrochemical detection to upper picogram levels. A simple one-step
      extraction, which requires only 0.1 mL of plasma and is able to recover greater
      than 85% of nicotine in plasma, is described. The precision and nicotine recovery
      of the method, and the application of this assay in nicotine-infused animal
      studies, are presented.

PMID- 3373434
TI  - In vitro kinetic studies of the reaction of hydralazine and its acetone hydrazone
      with pyruvic acid.
AB  - To understand the reaction between hydralazine (HP) or its acetone hydrazone
      (HAH), a metabolite of HP and pyruvic acid, a new selective HPLC method for
      simultaneous determination of HP, HAH, and hydralazine pyruvic acid hydrazone
      (HPH) was developed. In vitro degradation of HAH and formation of HP and HPH were
      investigated at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of pyruvic
      acid. Hydralazine degraded slowly according to an apparent first-order rate (7.46
      x 10(-2)h-1). The degenerative reaction of HAH, accompanied by simultaneous
      hydrolysis to the parent drug HP, was also subject to apparent first-order loss
      (3.00 x 10(-1)h-1). In addition, HAH was partly converted to HP and HPH in the
      presence of pyruvic acid. For the formation pathway of HPH, a model that included
      the direct reaction of HAH with pyruvic acid and the secondary formation mediated
      by back-conversion to HP gave a better fit to the experimental data than the
      model consisting of the latter reaction only. About 10% of the HPH formed was
      generated by the direct reaction of HAH with pyruvic acid, based on the rate
      constants estimated. These results suggest that the formation of HPH is not all
      accomplished through back-conversion to HP.

PMID- 3373435
TI  - [Modelling of a biological membrane transport system by network thermodynamics].

PMID- 3373436
TI  - Hypertensive crisis.

PMID- 3373437
TI  - Computers in nursing.

PMID- 3373438
TI  - Pain measurement for ambulatory surgery.

PMID- 3373439
TI  - Inadvertent hypothermia: a threat to homeostasis in the postanesthetic patient.

PMID- 3373440
TI  - Mind out of focus: the altered self.

PMID- 3373441
TI  - Nursing implications in the patient with a stellate ganglion block.

PMID- 3373442
TI  - Mechanistic considerations in carcinogenic risk estimation.

PMID- 3373443
TI  - R-plasmid transfer and antimicrobial residues in gnotoxenic animal models.

PMID- 3373444
TI  - [The influence of sex and tobacco on plasma concentration of clomipramine,
      amitriptyline and their demethylated metabolites].

PMID- 3373445
TI  - [An information file for drug identification].

PMID- 3373446
TI  - Age and airline accidents.
AB  - The issuance of a commercial pilot's license is contingent upon the fulfillment
      of stated minimum flight time. These requirements imply that total flight time
      and aircraft flight time can be equated with safety. For this reason, aircraft
      accidents involving licensed, professional pilots become difficult to explain.
      This study examined the relationship of pilot experience to accidents by
      comparing pilots' age and experience in 188 accidents involving
      corporate/executive pilots. The more severe accidents were expected to involve
      younger, less experienced pilots. The data in this study, however, refute this
      expectation. The age, aircraft time, or total time difference between groups was
      not significant. More research, both in the field and under controlled
      conditions, may bring in the psychological concept of cognitive dissonance.

PMID- 3373447
TI  - The effects of positive and negative pre-sleep stimuli on dream experiences.
AB  - In this study, the emotional and physical content of dreams was examined with
      post-sleep reports. In the first phase of the study, 45 students were asked to
      keep a dream diary for a week. The next week, the students were asked to look at
      a picture with positive, neutral, or negative affect in the evening before going
      to bed and then to record their dreams the following morning. Results showed that
      the pictures produced corresponding affect in morning dream reports, though
      physical elements of dreams and pictorial stimuli were not related to affect.

PMID- 3373448
TI  - Gender-bound definitions of mental health.
AB  - Fifteen male and 15 female American therapists-in-training (clinical and
      counseling psychology graduate students) were asked to take the Minnesota
      Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) under each of two instructional sets. In
      one set, they were instructed to respond to the items as a healthy male would
      respond, and in the other, as a healthy female would respond. The MMPI profiles
      obtained from male and female subjects were not significantly different,
      indicating that these male and female therapists-in-training did not differ in
      their perceptions of healthy men and women. When the data for male and female
      subjects were combined, however, healthy women were perceived differently than
      healthy men on several scales, although the MMPI profiles obtained under both
      instructional sets were well within normal limits.

PMID- 3373449
TI  - Factors associated with maintenance and relapse following self-management
      training.
AB  - In this study, we examined factors associated with relapse and maintenance
      following a self-management training course. Thirty-five community professionals
      participated in a 3-week (30-hr) graduate-level extension course in self
      management, which included a self-modification project. Results at a 10-week
      follow-up showed that end-of-class self-efficacy and outcome expectancy correctly
      classified over 80% of those who maintained gains in their projects versus those
      who relapsed. The professionals in the relapsed group also reported significantly
      more difficulty with anticipated high-risk situations than did those in the
      maintenance group.

PMID- 3373451
TI  - An attempt to induce lower moral reasoning under hypnotic and task-motivated age
      regression.
AB  - In this study, we attempted to partially replicate and extend the findings of the
      Page (1985) study of hypnotic age regression and moral reasoning. The Kohlberg
      (1976) Moral Judgment Interview (MJI) was used to assess the initial stage of
      moral reasoning in 32 adults who were preselected on the basis of their hypnotic
      susceptibility. Subjects were hypnotized and age regressed to two of four
      possible ages (16, 13, 10, and 7), or were given task-motivation instructions
      before being age regressed. All were then administered the MJI, which involves
      the resolution of certain dilemmas. Both groups were able to lower their moral
      reasoning scores when given age regression instructions, but no significant
      differences were found between groups. Thus the results of this study are
      inconsistent with those of Page (1985), but are consistent with those of O'Brien
      et al. (1977). Reasons for the failure to reaffirm the earlier results of Page
      (1985) are discussed.

PMID- 3373450
TI  - Health Care Providers Inventory: a method for evaluating nursing aides.
AB  - The Health Care Providers Inventory (HCPI) is a 70-item questionnaire containing
      five primary scales and a validity scale. It is a pre-employment instrument
      designed to evaluate American nursing aides. In this study, I determined that the
      HCPI is a reliable, non-discriminatory test. Concurrent, construct, and
      predictive validity data are reported, which indicate that the HCPI measures
      significant personality characteristics, and is of value to administrators in
      their hiring of suitable applicants and in the reduction of employee turnover in
      nursing homes.

PMID- 3373452
TI  - The effects of teaching experience on levels of alienation.
AB  - This study was designed to measure the levels of alienation among American
      student and full-time teachers, based on the length of their experience with the
      public school organization. One hundred seventy eight subjects, including 113
      full-time teachers and 65 student teachers, were administered the Dean Alienation
      Scale. Analysis of the data indicated that student teachers had significantly
      higher levels of alienation, isolation, normlessness, and powerlessness, than did
      full-time teachers. The less experience the teacher had, the higher were his or
      her levels of total alienation and powerlessness.

PMID- 3373453
TI  - Development of hamster circadian rhythms: role of the maternal suprachiasmatic
      nucleus.
AB  - During development, the circadian rhythms of rodents become entrained to
      rhythmicity of the mother. Rhythms in behavior and in neuroendocrine function are
      regulated by a circadian pacemaker thought to be located within the
      suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Evidence indicates that this
      pacemaker begins to function and to be entrained by maternal rhythms before
      birth. Although the maternal rhythms which mediate prenatal entrainment of the
      fetal circadian pacemaker have not been identified, it is likely that they are
      regulated by the maternal SCN. The role of the maternal SCN in entrainment of the
      offspring was examined in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) by measuring the
      activity/rest rhythms of pups. Using the synchrony among the rhythms of pups
      within a litter as an indication that the pups had been entrained, the effect on
      entrainment of ablating the maternal SCN was determined. Lesions of the maternal
      SCN which were performed early in gestation (day 7) and which destroyed at least
      75% of the SCN were found to disrupt the normal within litter synchrony among
      pups, indicating interference with the normal mechanism of entrainment. The
      effect of lesions on day 7 of gestation could mean that the maternal SCN is
      important for entrainment of the pups before birth, after birth, or during both
      of these times. To determine if the maternal SCN is specifically important for
      prenatal entrainment, lesions were performed two days before birth on day 14 of
      gestation. Lesions of the maternal SCN on day 14 were not as disruptive as were
      lesions on day 7. This suggests that the maternal SCN is important between days 7
      and 14 of gestation and that the synchrony normally observed at weaning is
      already established, in part, on or before day 14 of gestation. This further
      suggests that an entrainable circadian pacemaker is present in the fetus only two
      weeks after fertilization.

PMID- 3373454
TI  - Deep tectal cells in pigeons respond to kinematograms.
AB  - Deep tectal neurons in pigeons respond selectively to moving visual stimuli, and
      are inhibited by large background patterns moved in-phase with these stimuli. In
      this investigation we demonstrate that these same deep tectal neurons respond
      equally well to kinematograms as they do to traditional luminance contrast
      stimuli typically employed in visual experiments. Computer generated
      kinematograms, the motion domain equivalents of random dot stereograms, were used
      as stimuli in these experiments. These kinematograms, where a small centrally
      located set of random dots is moved coherently in one direction while the
      remaining dots are moved in a different direction, thus constitute a pure motion
      stimulus where the stimulus form is only visible in the dynamic pattern, but does
      not exist on any single frame. Both 'object' configured and 'hole' configured
      kinematograms were employed; the former appearing as regions of texture moving
      over, or in front of, the background texture, while the latter appear as windows
      through which a more distant textured surface is revealed. Extracellular
      recordings from isolated deep tectal cells showed that all units responded in a
      very similar manner whether the stimulus was an 'object' configured kinematogram
      or the more traditional luminance contrast variety. This similarity included
      directional selectivity, the in-phase inhibition anti-phase facilitation effect,
      and sensitivity to opposed motion independent of direction. However, when the
      kinematograms were configured as 'holes' none of the units tested responded to
      these stimuli. The significance of these observations for tectal functioning,
      image segmentation through motion and animal camouflage is discussed.

PMID- 3373455
TI  - Acoustical and neural aspects of hearing in the Australian gleaning bats,
      Macroderma gigas and Nyctophilus gouldi.
AB  - 1. The maximum acoustic gain of the external ear in Macroderma gigas was found to
      be 25-30 dB between 5-8 kHz and in Nyctophilus gouldi it reached 15-23 dB between
      7-22 kHz. Pinna gain reached a peak of 16 dB near 4.5-6 kHz in M. gigas and 12-17
      dB between 7-12 kHz in N. gouldi, with average gain of 6-10 dB up to 100 kHz.
      Pinna gain curves resemble that of a finite conical horn, including resonance. 2.
      The directional properties of the external ear in both species result from sound
      diffraction at the pinna face, as it approximates a circular aperture. The
      frequency dependent movement of the acoustic axis in azimuth and elevation is
      attributed to the asymmetrical structure of the pinnae. 3. Evoked potentials and
      neuronal responses were studied in the inferior colliculus. In M. gigas, the
      neural audiogram has sensitivity peaks at 10-20 kHz and 35-43 kHz, with extremely
      low thresholds (-18 dB SPL) in the low frequency region. In N. gouldi, the neural
      audiogram has sensitivity peaks at 8-14 kHz (lowest threshold 5 dB SPL) and 22-45
      kHz. Removal of the contralateral pinna causes a frequency dependent loss in
      neural threshold sensitivity of up to 10-15 dB in both species. 4. The high
      frequency peak in the audiogram coincides with the sonar energy band in both
      species, whereas the low frequency region is used for social communication.
      Highly sensitive low frequency hearing is discussed in relation to hunting in
      bats by passive listening.

PMID- 3373456
TI  - Habituation in the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus: effect of morphine and
      naloxone.
AB  - The escape response decrement shown by the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus as a
      consequence of repeated shadow presentation, meets five of the seven tested
      parametric criteria of habituation. Results concerning stimulus generalization
      and dishabituation strongly suggest that neither motor fatigue nor sensory
      adaptation can account for the response waning. The effects of morphine and
      naloxone on performance were also studied. Neither 50 nor 5 micrograms morphine/g
      exerted any modulatory effect on memory retention. A dose of 50 micrograms
      morphine/g produced an anterograde detrimental effect on responsiveness but no
      long-term training effects could be detected after the drug's period of action. A
      dose of naloxone of 1.6 micrograms/g did not antagonize the effect of morphine.
      The potential value of the response habituation as a model for studying both
      habituation dynamics and the mechanisms that subserve it, and also for
      elucidating the effects of opiates on this memory process, is discussed.

PMID- 3373457
TI  - Sensory interaction with central 'generators' during respiration in the dogfish.
AB  - The activity in sensory and motor nerves of the gills was recorded from selected
      branches of the vagus nerve in decerebrate dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Vagal
      motoneuronal activity was observed at the start of the rapid pharyngeal
      contraction and was followed by sensory nerve activity which preceded the slow
      expansion phase. Rhythmical vagal motoneuronal activity was still present after
      all movements had been prevented by curare paralysis although the frequency of
      the rhythm was higher than in the ventilating fish. Electrical stimulation of
      vagal sensory fibres had 3 effects on the ventilatory movements. (1) It evoked a
      reflex contraction of several gill muscles after a latency of about 11 ms. (2) It
      could reset the respiratory cycle because a stimulus given during expansion
      delayed the onset of the subsequent contraction. (3) The stimulus could entrain
      the rhythm if it was given continuously at a frequency close to that of
      ventilation. The vagal motor rhythm was disrupted by trigeminal nerve stimulation
      in the paralyzed fish but not if the motor rhythm was being entrained by vagal
      nerve stimulation. Vagal sensory activity may be important, therefore, in
      maintaining the stability of the generating circuits.

PMID- 3373458
TI  - Attribution and illness.

PMID- 3373459
TI  - Sexuality and the spinal cord injured.

PMID- 3373460
TI  - The state of psychiatric nursing. NIMH Task Force on Nursing.

PMID- 3373461
TI  - NIMH awards grants for AIDS research.

PMID- 3373462
TI  - Therapeutic humor. Who's fooling who?

PMID- 3373463
TI  - Strict liability for products utilized in medicine and biology.

PMID- 3373464
TI  - The role of the hospital consultant in general practitioner prescribing.
AB  - A questionnaire was designed and posted to 600 general medical practitioners in
      the West Midlands. The results indicated that the prescribers were reassured by
      the hospital consultant although independence was maintained in prescribing
      decisions. The hospital medical team was recognized for its expertise rather than
      the consultant alone. A table was constructed from the results to show the
      therapy areas in which doctors prefer to refer their patients. Consultant's
      influence in prescribing is most likely where communication between GP and
      consultant is optimal. The generalized influence of the consultant as implied by
      the Greenfield report remains unproven. Any influence is much more specific and
      may depend upon therapy area, the consultant specialty, and the standing of the
      hospital medical team. The innovativeness of the prescriber which was also
      considered may also have an influence as to how the consultant's recommendations
      will be accepted.

PMID- 3373465
TI  - Evaluation of ileorectal anastomosis for the treatment of ulcerative
      proctocolitis.
AB  - Of 327 patients treated for ulcerative proctocolitis, 165 underwent surgery and
      an ileorectal anastomosis was performed in 59: 19 of these patients were operated
      upon in one stage and 40 in two stages. In 13 cases the anastomoses had to be
      converted, 5 during the initial hospitalization and 8 during a later admission.
      Three patients developed carcinoma of the rectal stump. The median follow-up
      period was 15 years. It is concluded that ileorectal anastomosis has a place in
      the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, but requires careful follow up of
      the patients.

PMID- 3373466
TI  - Managing the dyspeptic patient: experience of a single-visit dyspepsia clinic.
AB  - During a one-year period, 206 of 245 patients referred directly to a single-visit
      dyspepsia clinic underwent gastroscopy after clinical consultation. Endoscopic
      findings enabled diagnosis in the majority and no complications occurred. In 12
      patients with positive endoscopies there was an unrelated clinical diagnosis, and
      23 with normal endoscopies had organic disease. Such a clinic has advantages both
      for patients in providing single-visit diagnosis and management for the majority,
      and for the hospital in reducing the load on outpatient services. Prior
      consultation may prevent both unwarranted use of endoscopy facilities and
      inappropriate diagnosis.

PMID- 3373468
TI  - Hypothermia-induced thrombocytopenia.

PMID- 3373467
TI  - Carcinoma in anal Crohn's disease: discussion paper.

PMID- 3373469
TI  - Familial dysplastic naevus syndrome.

PMID- 3373470
TI  - Abdominal actinomycosis mimicking carcinomatosis.

PMID- 3373471
TI  - Tuberculosis presenting as retinal vasculitis.

PMID- 3373473
TI  - Negation of responsibility: a heavy price to pay?

PMID- 3373474
TI  - Cardiac Munchausen's syndrome.

PMID- 3373472
TI  - Concurrent squamous cell carcinoma of vulva and penis in a married couple.

PMID- 3373475
TI  - Hypercalcemia in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach.

PMID- 3373476
TI  - Managing drug addiction in general practice.

PMID- 3373477
TI  - National study of health and growth.

PMID- 3373478
TI  - Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 3373479
TI  - Anticoagulation control with warfarin by junior hospital doctors.

PMID- 3373480
TI  - Design, synthesis, and antineoplastic activity of 2'-deoxy-2'
      methylidenecytidine.

PMID- 3373482
TI  - Graphics computer-aided receptor mapping as a predictive tool for drug design:
      development of potent, selective, and stereospecific ligands for the 5-HT1A
      receptor.
AB  - A conformational study of four 5-HT1A (serotonin) receptor ligands ((R-(-)
      methiothepin, spiperone, (S)-(-)-propranolol, and buspirone) led to the
      definition of a pharmacophore and a three-dimensional map of the 5-HT1A
      antagonist recognition site. These models were used to design new compounds and
      successfully predict their potency, stereospecificity, and selectivity. For
      example, 8-[4-[(1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino] butyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane
      7,9-dione (1, MDL 72832) has nanomolar affinity (pIC50 = 9.14) for the 5-HT1A
      binding site in rat frontal cortex. As predicted, the S-(-) enantiomer of 1 was
      more active than its R-(+) enantiomer (pIC50 = 9.21 and 7.66, respectively) and a
      naphthalene analogue of 1 displayed the expected improved selectivity.

PMID- 3373481
TI  - Novel antihypertensives targeted at dopamine beta-monooxygenase: turnover
      dependent cofactor depletion by phenyl aminoethyl selenide.

PMID- 3373483
TI  - Linear free energy relationship studies of enzyme active site binding:
      thymidylate synthase.
AB  - The requirements for active-site binding of thymidylate synthase from three
      sources, Lactobacillus casei, murine leukemia L1210, and human lymphoblast
      (Molt/4F), were investigated by analyzing the binding of a series of 5-(p
      substituted phenyl)-2'-deoxyuridylates (N1-substituted 5-aryl-2, 4
      dioxopyrimidines) to the enzyme. Multiple regression analysis revealed that an
      increase in electron density of the heterocyclic ring and hydrophobic
      substituents enhance affinity. Correlations of biological results with spectral
      data indicated that higher electron densities at the oxygen atoms are responsible
      for increase in binding. These results support the presence of both a cationic
      binding site and a hydrophobic region. In addition, the results revealed an
      unusual reversal of electronic requirements for binding and catalysis. The
      formation of the binary complex is enhanced by electron-donating substituents,
      while the initial catalytic reaction, formation of the covalent ternary complex,
      is promoted and stabilized by electron-withdrawing substituents.

PMID- 3373484
TI  - Tricyclic compounds as selective antimuscarinics. 2. Structure-activity
      relationships of M1-selective antimuscarinics related to pirenzepine.
AB  - In order to gain some insight into those structural features that control M1
      selectivity, a selected set of pirenzepine analogues has been studied in which
      both the tricyclic ring system and the basic side chain have been varied. Binding
      studies were conducted in rat tissue homogenates from cerebral cortex (M1) and
      gastric fundus (M2). The ratio of IC50 values of the test compounds in the two
      different tissues was taken as a measure of M1 receptor selectivity. Several
      derivatives, especially those with flexible side chains, i.e. high degree of
      freedom of rotation around single bonds, proved to be nonselective. Among
      semirigid compounds only those containing 6-membered ring systems (11, 13, 14,
      and 15) showed significant M1 selectivity. Principles of structure-activity and
      structure-selectivity are discussed.

PMID- 3373485
TI  - Derivatives of 2-methylenepropane-1,3-diol as new antagonists of platelet
      activating factor.
AB  - Two new achiral platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists, N-[5-[[2-methylene
      3- [[(octadecylamino)carbonyl]oxy]propoxy]carbonyl]pentyl]pyridinium bromide and
      3-[6-[[2-methylene-3-
      [[(octadecylamino)carbonyl]oxy]propoxy]carbonyl]hexyl]thiazolium bromide were
      synthesized from 2-methylenepropane-1,3-diol. Platelet aggregation in platelet
      rich plasma from rabbits, induced by racemic C16-PAF, was competitively
      antagonized by 9 or 10. At concentrations less than or equal to 10(-4) M, neither
      compound 9 nor compound 10 caused platelet aggregation, nor did they inhibit
      platelet aggregation induced by collagen or adenosine diphosphate.
      Bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig and hypotension in the rat, induced by
      racemic C16-PAF, were also effectively antagonized by 9 and 10. Both appear to be
      more potent as PAF antagonists than Takeda's CV-3988.

PMID- 3373487
TI  - Synthetic polyamine analogues as antineoplastics.
AB  - In this paper, we report on the synthesis and biological activity of a number of
      N-alkylated spermine compounds. The dialkylspermines N1,N12-dimethylspermine
      (DMSPM-2), N1,N12-diethylspermine (DESPM-3), and N1,N12-dipropylspermine (DPSPM
      4) are all shown to inhibit the growth of L1210 cells in culture with IC50 values
      of less than 1 microM at 96 h. Furthermore, DESPM-3 is shown to be similarly
      active against Daudi and HL-60 cells in culture. A structure-activity
      relationship is shown to exist between the position at which spermine is
      alkylated and its antiproliferative properties. The activity of 10 microM DESPM-3
      against L1210 cells was shown to be cytostatic, with greater than 90% cell
      viability by trypan blue exclusion, even after a 144-h exposure. When L1210 cells
      were treated with 10 microM DESPM-3 over a 144-h period, their size and
      mitochondrial DNA content were gradually but substantially diminished. However,
      flow cytometric measurements of the nuclear DNA content of these treated cells at
      96 h indicated only slightly reduced S and G2 populations and significant changes
      only after 144 h. A cloning assay performed on the cells after 96 h of exposure
      to this drug (10 microM) indicated that the cells were not growing. Finally, when
      male DBA/2 mice, inoculated with L1210 leukemia cells, were treated with DESPM-3,
      their life span was increased in excess of 200% relative to untreated controls.
      Moreover, many long-term survivors were apparently tumor free at the end of the
      experiment (60 days).

PMID- 3373486
TI  - Adenosine receptor agonists: synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-deaza
      analogues of adenosine derivatives.
AB  - In a search for more selective A1 adenosine receptor agonists, N6-[(R)-(-)-1
      methyl-2-phenethyl]-1-deazaadenosine (1-deaza-R-PIA, 3a), N6-cyclopentyl-1
      deazaadenosine (1-deazaCPA, 3b), N6-cyclohexyl-1-deazaadenosine (1-deazaCHA, 3c),
      and the corresponding 2-chloro derivatives 2a-c were synthesized from 5,7
      dichloro-3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. On the other hand, N
      ethyl-1'-deoxy-1'-(1-deaza-6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-beta-D-ribofuranu ronamide (1
      deazaNECA, 10) was prepared from 7-nitro-3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-3H-imidazo[4,5
      b]pyridine, in an attempt to find a more selective A2 agonist. The activity of
      all deaza analogues at adenosine receptors has been determined in adenylate
      cyclase and in radioligand binding studies. 1-DeazaNECA proved to be a
      nonselective agonist at both subtypes of the adenosine receptor. It is about 10
      fold less active than NECA but clearly more active than the parent compound 1
      deazaadenosine as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and as a stimulator of
      cyclic AMP accumulation. The N6-substituted 1-deazaadenosines largely retain the
      A1 agonist activity of their parent compounds, but lose some of their A2 agonist
      activity. This results in A1-selective compounds, of which N6-cyclopentyl-2
      chloro-1-deazaadenosine (1-deaza-2-Cl-CPA, 2b) was identified as the most
      selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors so far known. The activity of all 1
      deaza analogues confirms that the presence of the nitrogen atom at position 1 of
      the purine ring is not critical for A1 receptor mediated adenosine actions.

PMID- 3373488
TI  - An examination of O-2-isocephems as orally absorbable antibiotics.
AB  - The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of orally absorbed
      O-2-isocephems are described. These compounds possessed a D-[(p
      hydroxyphenyl)glycyl]amino substituent at the 7-position while the substituent at
      the 3-position was varied. Relative to the analogous cephems, the O-2-isocephems
      exhibited comparable to better activity against Gram-positive organisms. Against
      Gram-negative organisms, their activity was variable but did indicate a lower
      beta-lactamase stability. Following oral administration, the O-2-isocephems
      generally exhibited longer half-lives but lower Cmax's and urinary recoveries.

PMID- 3373489
TI  - Synthesis of ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-4-oxazoleacetate, a
      hypolipidemic agent, and related compounds.
AB  - A series of 2-aryl and 2-alkyl derivatives of 5-furyl-4-oxazoleacetic acid and
      their homologues having alkyl groups at the alpha-position of the acids were
      synthesized and evaluated for their hypolipidemic activities in Sprague-Dawley
      rats. On the basis of the structure-activity relationships and subacute
      toxicities, ethyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2-furyl)-4-oxazoleacetate (35) was
      selected as a candidate compound for development. Compound 35 reduced serum
      cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 23% and 35%, respectively, at a dose of
      0.05% in a diet in normal rats, and it was about 10 times more active in
      hereditary hyperlipidemic rats (THLR/1) than in normal rats. Compound 35
      inhibited platelet aggregation in vitro and also normalized hyperaggregability of
      hyperlipidemic plasma platelet ex vivo.

PMID- 3373490
TI  - Chemical synthesis and biological activities of 5-deazaaminopterin analogues
      bearing substituent(s) at the 5- and/or 7-position(s).
AB  - Condensation of cyanothioacetamide (4) with ethyl alpha
      (ethoxymethylene)acetoacetate (5b), ethyl 4-ethoxy-2-(ethoxymethylene)-3
      oxobutanoate (5c), ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)-3-oxo-4-phenylpropanoate (5d)
      afforded exclusively the corresponding 6-substituted pyridines (6b-d).
      Cyclization of 4 with 3-carbethoxybutane-2,4-dione (5e) gave 3-cyano-5
      (ethoxycarbonyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (6e), whereas reaction of 4
      with 3-carbethoxy-1-phenylpropane-1,3-dione (5f) yielded two products, 3-cyano-5
      (ethoxycarbonyl)-4-methyl-6-phenylpyridine-2(1H)-thione (6f) and the 6-methyl-4
      phenyl isomer 6g. The structural assignments for 6f and 6g are made on the basis
      of 1H and 13C NMR spectral analyses of the 2-(methylthio)nicotinates (7f,g)
      prepared from 6f and 6g by treatment with MeI/K2CO3. Nicotinates 7b,d-g were
      converted into their corresponding 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 12b,d-g in
      five steps, via reduction, protection, oxidation, condensation with guanidine,
      and deprotection. The 7-mono- and 5,7-disubstituted-5-deazaaminopterins (1b,d-g)
      were prepared from the respective pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 12b,d-g. Preliminary
      biological studies showed that 7-methyl and 5,7-dimethyl analogues (1b and 1e)
      were less active than methotrexate against human leukemic HL-60 and murine L-1210
      cells in tissue culture. Compound 1e produced an ILS of 71% at 100 mg/kg per day
      X 5 (ip) in BDF mice inoculated ip with 10(6) L-1210 cells.

PMID- 3373491
TI  - The acylating potential of gamma-lactam antibacterials: base hydrolysis of
      bicyclic pyrazolidinones.
AB  - The acylating ability of the gamma-lactam ring of a new class of antibacterial
      agent, the bicyclic pyrazolidinones 1, was compared to that of the beta-lactam
      ring of clinically useful antibiotics by measuring chemical reactivity with
      hydroxide ion. The pyrazolidinone chemical reactivity spans the reactivity of
      classical beta-lactam antibiotics and the most reactive, 1i, is 13 times more
      reactive than the most reactive beta-lactam examined, ceftazidime. A correlation
      involving chemical reactivity, microbiological activity, and 3-substituent sigma
      p values was observed, and the correlation has led to the synthesis of new more
      potent bicyclic pyrazolidinones.

PMID- 3373493
TI  - Synthesis and analgesic activity of pemedolac (cis-1-ethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-4
      (phenylmethyl)pyrano[3,4-b]ind ole-1- acetic acid).
AB  - The synthesis of cis-1-ethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-4-(phenylmethyl)pyrano[3,4
      b]indole -1-acetic acid, pemedolac (USAN), is described. This compound has been
      found to be a potent analgesic agent in primary screening. Pemedolac has been
      resolved and the active (+)-enantiomer assigned a 1S,4R absolute configuration on
      the basis of a crystallographic analysis of its (S)-(-)-borneol ester.

PMID- 3373492
TI  - Synthesis and testing of quinone-based bis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl
      carbamates as radiation-potentiating antitumor agents.
AB  - Two new drug candidates, in which a quinonoid moiety is linked to the reactive
      bis(2,2-dimethyl-1-aziridinyl)phosphinyl function, have been prepared and tested
      in vivo for antitumor activity and in vitro as potentiators of the cytotoxic
      effect of X-irradiation. Without irradiation only moderate effectiveness against
      leukemia P-388 in mice was exhibited by one of the quinonoid compounds that had
      sufficient water solubility to be used in the in vivo screening. However, both
      compounds were shown to potentiate the effect of X-irradiation in vitro by a
      colony-forming cell culture assay under hypoxic conditions.

PMID- 3373495
TI  - 2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as potential antidepressant agents.
AB  - A series of 5-aryl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones was prepared and
      evaluated for potential antidepressant activity. Members of this series were
      generally prepared by the alkaline ring closures of the corresponding 1
      aroylthiosemicarbazides. Several members of this series were potent antagonists
      of both RO 4-1284-induced hypothermia and reserpine-induced ptosis in mice. In
      general the more active members of this series were substituted by haloaryl
      groups at the 5-position of the triazole nucleus and by methyl groups at the 2-
      and 4-positions. Exchange of the thiocarbonyl group at the 3-position for a
      carbonyl group resulted in the complete loss of activity. Biochemical evaluation
      of the more active members of this series indicated that the aforementioned
      activities were not a consequence of either norepinephrine (NE) uptake or
      monoamine oxidase inhibition. In an attempt to determine a mechanism of action,
      one member of this series, compound 22, was selected for further evaluation in an
      electrophysiological model where it was found to reduce norepinephrine function
      in the cerebellum as measured by the NE augmentation of GABA inhibition of
      Purkinje neurons.

PMID- 3373494
TI  - An intensely sweet dihydroflavonol derivative based on a natural product lead
      compound.
AB  - The dihydroflavonol dihydroquercetin 3-acetate (1) was isolated as a sweet
      constituent of the young shoots of Tessaria dodoneifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Cabrera
      (Compositae). Compound 1 and dihydroquercetin 3-acetate 4'-(methyl ether) (2), a
      novel synthetic analogue of this natural product lead compound, were rated by a
      taste panel as being 80 and 400 times sweeter than a 2% w/v sucrose solution,
      respectively. Synthetic dihydroquercetin 4'-(methyl ether) (3) showed a reduced
      sweetness intensity when compared to 2, while (+)-dihydroquercetin (4) was devoid
      of sweetness. Dihydroflavonol derivatives 1-3 represent a new class of
      potentially noncaloric and noncariogenic intense sweeteners.

PMID- 3373496
TI  - C-nor-9,11-secoestranes as modified estrogens and fertility regulation.
AB  - The synthesis of C-nor-9,11-secoestradiol (4) has been achieved from 17 beta
      acetoxy-11-chloro-3-methoxy-C-nor-9,11-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-tr ien-9-one (1)
      through a sequence of reactions without affecting the stereochemistry of
      estradiol-17 beta. Removal of the 9-keto function of 1 by hydrogenolysis and its
      subsequent treatment with Na/NH3 gives C-nor-9,11-secoestradiol 3-(methyl ether)
      (3), which has been demethylated under alkaline conditions to furnish C-nor-9,11
      secoestradiol (4). Pyridinium chlorochromate oxidation of 3 gives the
      corresponding 17-ketone 6. Jones' oxidation of 4 to the ketone 5 and reaction of
      5 and 6 with lithium acetylide gives corresponding 17 alpha-ethynyl derivatives 7
      and 8. Relative binding affinity to estradiol-17 beta receptors and uterotropic,
      antiuterotrophic, and antiimplantation activities of compounds 3-8 have been
      studied. The effect of conformational flexibility on ligand-receptor interaction
      of these compounds is discussed.

PMID- 3373498
TI  - Promoting exercise and physical fitness in the medical school curriculum.
AB  - An elective course focusing on exercise physiology and cardiovascular fitness has
      been offered since 1984 to a limited number of freshman and sophomore students at
      Saint Louis University School of Medicine. The course consists of a series of
      weekly lectures. Following each lecture, the students participate in a self
      designed fitness program and agree to follow the program on their own time at
      least two days per week. Using bicycle ergometry testing, the instructors
      estimated the maximum oxygen consumption for each student before and after
      completion of the course, and the results over the four years indicate an average
      increase of 15 percent. The students' evaluation of the course has been
      favorable. The potential benefits of such a course are discussed.

PMID- 3373499
TI  - A management skills workshop for chief residents.
AB  - A needs assessment was used to plan a national workshop on management skills for
      chief residents. Of replies from 1,256 residency programs, 50 percent of the
      respondents reported a high likelihood of attending such a workshop. The three
      skills that the respondents considered should be given high priority in such a
      workshop were giving feedback, delegating duties, and building teamwork. Based on
      these responses, the author designed and conducted a two-day workshop in June
      1987 that was attended by 180 chief residents from 138 programs in 21 specialties
      from 36 states. Each skill was taught by presenting a lecture and a small-group
      exercise to apply the skill; these small groups were led by trained faculty
      members. The participants rated the workshop as 4.21 (on a 5-point scale in which
      5 = very helpful). The workshop will be offered annually.

PMID- 3373497
TI  - The Minnesota Rural Physician Associate Program for medical students.
AB  - The Rural Physician Associate Program (RPAP) at the University of Minnesota
      Medical School is a clinical education experience for third-year students that
      lasts nine to 12 months. In 1970 the Minnesota legislature required the medical
      school faculty to find an educational method to redistribute physicians into the
      medically underserved rural areas of Minnesota or lose state funds for the
      medical school. After 16 years of the program, all 87 counties in Minnesota have
      an acceptable ratio of general physicians for the first time in the state's
      history. RPAP students work directly with and are supervised by general
      physicians practicing in rural areas; these preceptors have an average age of 40
      years, are board-certified, and have 12 years of clinical experience. They give
      their teaching services and a $2,500 stipend to the student; the state provides
      $7,000 to the student with no obligation that the student practice in rural
      Minnesota after training. The preceptors, RPAP staff members, and visiting
      university faculty members provide 50, 30, and 20 percent, respectively, of a
      student's grades for the program; the student receives six months of credit for
      the program. As of 1986, 57 percent of the former RPAP students in practice were
      practicing in rural communities, with a majority in Minnesota and a majority in
      towns with populations less than 10,000.

PMID- 3373500
TI  - Satisfaction with clinical encounters among residents and geriatric patients.
AB  - A total of 69 clinical encounters between 15 internal medicine residents and 69
      geriatric patients were examined to determine the residents' attitudes toward
      specific patients and to assess their mutual satisfaction with the clinical
      encounter. The residents rated their attitudes toward each patient and indicated
      their beliefs about the patients' health status, adjustment to medical care, and
      expected benefits of health education activities. In general, both the residents
      and the patients expressed satisfaction with their clinical encounters. Little
      similarity in the satisfaction ratings of the residents and patients was found.
      The patients tended to express higher levels of satisfaction than the residents.
      The residents' perceptions of the expected benefits of health education and
      attitudes toward the patient were found to be statistically significant
      predictors of the residents' satisfaction. These findings suggest that specific
      attitudes and beliefs of residents toward their geriatric patients are linked to
      the residents' satisfaction and hold important implications for medical training.

PMID- 3373502
TI  - A clinical evaluation system for anesthesiology residents.
AB  - Practitioners, educators, and residents in anesthesiology are concerned about
      issues of reliable evaluation, as advocated by such groups as the American Board
      of Anesthesiology and the Society for Education in Anesthesia. Further, there is
      a growing demand by accrediting bodies that training programs demonstrate a
      consistent and equitable means of evaluating residents' performance. In this
      article, the authors describe the development of the evaluation system employed
      by the Baylor College of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals to assess the
      clinical progress of residents in anesthesiology. The system evaluates the
      residents' progress in terms of levels of performance that are based on case
      complexity and degree of staff intervention.

PMID- 3373501
TI  - Student performance on the NBME Part II subtest and subject examination in
      obstetrics-gynecology.
AB  - Clerkship directors in obstetrics-gynecology often use the National Board of
      Medical Examiners (NBME) norms to evaluate third-year medical students'
      performance on the NBME obstetrics-gynecology subject examination. A comparison
      of the scores of 342 students at the Medical College of Georgia School of
      Medicine showed that the students performed significantly better on the NBME
      subject examination than on the Part II subtest in obstetrics-gynecology. These
      results concur with the findings of the NBME, which advises directors wishing to
      adjust the criterion group norms to determine the average difference observed in
      a school's performance on the two examinations and to use that difference or some
      portion of it in their interpretation of percentile scores on the subject
      examination. Additional analyses revealed that a single, linear weight may
      inappropriately adjust these scores, that student performance on the Part II
      subtest depends on specialty choice (obstetrics-gynecology versus all others),
      and that time and sequence of the clerkship were unrelated to the students'
      performance on the two examinations.

PMID- 3373503
TI  - Project to identify essential faculty skills and develop model curricula for
      faculty development programs.

PMID- 3373504
TI  - Medical students' attitudes toward the physician's role in the nuclear age.

PMID- 3373505
TI  - Follow-up study of an enrichment program for students preparing for health
      professional schools, 1972-1987.

PMID- 3373506
TI  - Career preferences, career decision-making, and orientation toward medicine among
      third-year students.

PMID- 3373507
TI  - An all-elective senior year as viewed by physicians 20 years after graduation.

PMID- 3373509
TI  - Problem-based, self-directed continuing medical education in a group of
      practicing family physicians.

PMID- 3373508
TI  - Involvement of three types of preceptors with residents in an ambulatory care
      clinic.

PMID- 3373511
TI  - Faculty development: a continuing process.

PMID- 3373510
TI  - A second-year pathology course that emphasizes independent learning.

PMID- 3373512
TI  - Results of the NRMP for 1988.

PMID- 3373513
TI  - Grand rounds.

PMID- 3373514
TI  - Research participation.

PMID- 3373515
TI  - Bacteriuria and bacteraemia in patients with long-term indwelling catheters--a
      domiciliary study.
AB  - Men with indwelling catheters and men and women with suprapubic catheters were
      studied in their homes. Urine and blood were cultured and body temperature
      recorded after every catheter change. Nearly all patients had infected urine
      after 4 weeks of catheterisation, and all had bacteriuria after longer periods,
      usually with a mixture of organisms. Culture on selective media revealed a wider
      range of organisms than was detected on routine C.L.E.D. and blood agar with
      antibiotic sensitivity disks, but routine culture gave adequate information for
      clinical purposes. Bacteraemia was demonstrated after 20 of 197 changes of
      urethral catheter and after one of 19 changes of suprapubic catheter; but no
      patient had pyrexia or other symptoms. However, two had rigors on other
      occasions. When assessing "risk factors" for blood-stream infection in
      catheterised patients, it is important to record the total incidence of
      bacteraemia, asymptomatic as well as symptomatic.

PMID- 3373516
TI  - Trimethoprim resistance determinants encoding a dihydrofolate reductase in
      clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
AB  - The molecular and biochemical basis of resistance to high concentrations (MIC
      greater than or equal to 1000 mg/L) of trimethoprim (Tpr(H] was examined in
      Australian isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative
      staphylococci. The Tpr(H) determinant (dfr A) was located within a 2.75-Kb Bg/II
      fragment on the S. aureus aminoglycoside-resistance plasmids pSK1 and pSK16 as
      judged by comparative restriction mapping with two naturally-occurring variants,
      pSK9 and pSK14, which did not encode trimethoprim resistance. This was confirmed
      in DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments in which a 0.9-Kb sequence of pSK1 DNA was
      used as a specific probe for the Tpr(H) gene. Plasmid DNA from three strains of
      coagulase-negative staphylococci, and the chromosomal material of one other
      isolate, were found to share homology with the probe DNA. Dihydrofolate
      reductases produced by these strains were virtually identical to the type S1
      enzyme encoded by the S. aureus plasmid pSK1. Interspecies transfer may have been
      responsible for the conservation of Tpr(H) gene sequences among staphylococci.

PMID- 3373517
TI  - Comparison of monocyte and complement mediated haemolysis of human A1
      erythrocytes: the relationship between antibody, target and effector
      concentrations in the induction of lysis.
AB  - Haemolysis of sensitized A1 erythrocytes by blood monocytes or complement was
      measured under conditions where antibody, complement, target and effector
      concentrations varied relatively to each other. When sensitization was limiting,
      cell-mediated lysis remained constant with increasing red cell number. When
      antibody was in excess and complement was limiting, complement-mediated lysis
      remained constant with increasing red cell number. These effects could be
      explained if a non-homogeneous expression of A1 antigens on individual
      erythrocytes is assumed. Considering that the capacity of antibody to bind to the
      antigen is random and uniform, at high dilution of antibody only those
      erythrocytes with sufficiently high antigen density will be appropriately
      sensitized for cell-mediated lysis. At antibody excess binding sites are
      saturated, and therefore the number and distribution of cell bound antibodies
      reflect the number and distribution of antigens. The fact that under such
      conditions increasing target concentrations did not reduce lysis induced by a
      suboptimal complement concentration also argues for an uneven antigen
      distribution among erythrocytes.

PMID- 3373518
TI  - Immunological studies on Crohn's disease. VII. Reduced immunologic activity in
      monocytes.
AB  - Studies done in our laboratories showed that monocytes in Crohn's disease (CD)
      have an increased phagocytic activity determined using chemiluminescence assay.
      To further elucidate the pathogenesis of CD, we studied the monokine production
      activity and the proportion of HLA-DR(+) monocytes in the peripheral blood of 16
      Japanese with CD. In contrast to the phagocytic function, an impaired monokine
      production activity and a decreased percentage of DR(+) monocytes were evident.
      The number of DR(+) monocytes showed a negative correlation to CRP. These
      findings provide additional information on the monocyte function in CD and
      indicate that monocyte dysfunction may be closely linked to the pathogenesis of
      CD.

PMID- 3373519
TI  - Dietary linoleic acid and rat neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis.
AB  - We studied adherence and chemotaxis of peritoneal neutrophils from rats fed a
      diet providing 0.3, 3 or 10% of the energy as linoleic acid. Whereas neutrophils
      from the 0.3% group showed biochemical evidence of essential fatty acid
      deficiency (EFAD), cells from the 10% group (the high essential fatty acid (HEFA)
      group) exhibited a 38% increase of linoleic acid compared to the control group
      (3% group). EFAD neutrophils showed a significantly lower hyperadherence in
      response to the ionophore A23187 relative to controls. Also, the fMLP induced
      response was slightly lower, whereas adherence responses to PMA were unaffected.
      fMLP induced chemotaxis was only 42% of controls. In HEFA neutrophils,
      hyperadherence to PMA was significantly diminished, and fMLP or ionophore A23187
      stimulation resulted only in a slightly lower hyperadherence compared to
      controls. Chemotaxis in response to fMLP was significantly decreased. Spontaneous
      adherence and migration as well as hyperadherence and chemotaxis in response to
      LTB4 did not differ from controls for any of the groups. This study shows that
      manipulation of the dietary content of linoleic acid can alter neutrophil
      functions such as adherence and chemotaxis.

PMID- 3373520
TI  - Effect of a high-fat diet on resistance to Listeria monocytogenes.
AB  - Effects of a high-fat diet on macrophage (M phi) functions were investigated.
      Eight-week-old ddN mice were fed a high-fat diet and carbon clearance was tested.
      Remarkable suppression of phagocytic activity (K16) was observed in mice fed such
      a diet for 1 or 2 weeks. Resistance against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated
      intravenously (iv) with a lethal, a sublethal, or a non-pathogenic dose was
      observed in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. When mice were infected with a
      lethal dose of bacteria, the number of listeria increased progressively in the
      liver to kill both control and a high-fat diet fed mice by day 4. The number of
      listeria revealed no significant difference between the group in the case of low
      dose inoculation. High-fat diet fed mice given a sublethal dose of bacteria
      showed a rise in the number of viable bacteria during the first 3 days after
      infection while a decline in the number of bacteria was observed in control mice
      during such a period. Suppression of M phi activity induced by a high-fat diet
      may account for the reduced resistance.

PMID- 3373521
TI  - Quantitative analysis of intramembranous particles in rapidly frozen 10T1/2 cell
      monolayers.
AB  - A simple method for ultrarapid freezing of cell cultures in monolayers was
      developed. Unfixed and unglycerinated cells were grown on glass substrates. No
      special treatments of the glass or cells were necessary to facilitate freeze
      fracture along the upper plasma membranes. A reliable nonbiased method was
      developed to detect intramembranous particles (IMP) from the background by
      totally automatic means using the Cambridge Instruments Quantimet 920 Image
      Analysis system. Size and density data of IMP from a large number of electron
      micrographs can be rapidly and objectively quantitated. The automatic
      determination of locational coordinates for each IMP enables subtle determination
      of spatial distributional differences by the nearest neighbour function and the
      differential density distribution function, which are measurements of randomness.
      Quantitative analysis of the IMP distribution on the fracture face of C3H/10T1/2
      mouse embryo fibroblasts upon various drug treatments was demonstrated.

PMID- 3373522
TI  - Contrast in confocal scanning microscopy with a finite detector.
AB  - The optical properties of a general scanning microscope are determined within the
      framework of Fourier imaging theory. For a simple model optical system, with
      Gaussian lens and detector apertures, the contrast transfer function can be
      expressed in terms of elementary functions. The theory predicts that spatial
      resolution and depth discrimination vary continuously with detector aperture and
      that defocus phase contrast is present in transmission images obtained with a
      symmetric objective, collector lens confocal microscope.

PMID- 3373523
TI  - Real-time graphics display of mass variation or elemental concentration during
      electron beam microanalysis using a general purpose computer.
AB  - A method is described for using a general purpose multi-process minicomputer for
      the real-time display of graphic summaries of a variety of spectroscopic results
      while the spectrum acquisition is simultaneously underway.

PMID- 3373524
TI  - Cancer prevention: national directions--local realities.

PMID- 3373525
TI  - The treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with flurbiprofen.

PMID- 3373527
TI  - Judiciary has impact on medical liability insurance.

PMID- 3373526
TI  - Radiological seminar CCXLX: herpes simplex encephalitis--CT findings.

PMID- 3373528
TI  - Chromatin reconstitution on small DNA rings. I.
AB  - Chromatin was reconstituted using the four core histones on 359 base-pair nicked
      and closed rings by salt dialysis and/or at physiological ionic strength by means
      of polyglutamic acid. The products, which consisted of mono- and dinucleosomes,
      were characterized by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation in sucrose gradients and
      high-resolution electron microscopy. The results were as follows. (1) The
      efficiency of the reconstitution was found first to increase with the negative
      linking difference of the closed rings relative to their relaxed configuration to
      reach a maximum for -2 turns, and then to decrease for the largest difference of 
      3 turns. Discrepancies between topoisomers were also observed with regard to
      differential formation of mono- and dinucleosomes. Topoisomer -1 reconstituted
      monomers easily but reconstituted dimers with difficulty, whilst this
      discrimination was virtually absent in the case of topoisomers -2 and -3.
      Moreover, mononucleosomes on the nicked ring were, with respect to their
      electrophoretic mobility, similar to mononucleosomes formed on topoisomer -1 but
      not to those on the other topoisomers, whose mobilities were greater. These
      features were interpreted in terms of the linking number change associated with
      the formation of a nucleosome monomer and dimer, approximately -1 and -2 turns,
      respectively. (2) Two dinucleosome subtypes were found to form in a sequential
      manner. Their different electrophoretic mobilities and sedimentation coefficients
      suggested that the early subtype is lighter, probably because of an incomplete
      histone complement in the second nucleosome of that subtype as a result of an
      impaired co-operativity in octamer assembly due to the small ring size. (3) An
      electron microscopic examination of the chromatin reconstituted on topoisomer -2
      revealed that both mono- and dinucleosomes adopt two different, salt-dependent,
      morphologies each: in type I, entering and exiting DNAs do not cross, whilst they
      do in type II. Type I configuration is favoured in lower salt, whereas type II is
      favoured in higher salt. Such behaviour explains why nucleosomes in dimers were
      found to be always diametrically opposed on the rings rather than sometimes
      apposed, as would have been expected from a random deposition of the histone
      cores.

PMID- 3373529
TI  - Interaction of proteins S16, S17 and S20 with 16 S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - We have used rapid chemical probing methods to examine the effect of assembly of
      ribosomal proteins S16, S17 and S20 on the reactivity of individual residues of
      16 S rRNA. Protein S17 strongly protects a compact region of the RNA between
      positions 245 and 281, a site previously assigned to binding of S20. Protein S20
      also protects many of these same positions, albeit more weakly than S17. Strong
      S20-dependent protections are seen elsewhere in the 5' domain, most notably at
      positions 108, and in the 160-200 and 330 loop regions. Enenpectedly, S20 also
      causes protection of several bases in the 1430-1450 region, in the 3' minor
      domain. In the presence of the primary binding proteins S4, S8 and S20, we
      observe a variety of effects that result from assembly of the secondary binding
      protein S16. Most strongly protected are nucleotides around positions 50, 120,
      300 to 330 and 360 in the 5' domain, and positions 606 to 630 in the central
      domain. In addition, numerous nucleotides in the 5' and central domains exhibit
      enhanced reactivity in response to S16. Interestingly, the strength of the S20
      dependent effects in the 1430-1450 region is attenuated in the presence of S4 +
      S8 + S20, and restored in the presence of S4 + S8 + S20 + S16. Finally, the
      previously observed rearrangement of the 300 region stem-loop that occurs during
      assembly is shown to be an S16-dependent event. We discuss these findings with
      respect to assignment of RNA binding sites for these proteins, and in regard to
      the co-operativity of ribosome assembly.

PMID- 3373530
TI  - Interaction of ribosomal proteins, S6, S8, S15 and S18 with the central domain of
      16 S ribosomal RNA.
AB  - We have constructed complexes of ribosomal proteins S8, S15, S8 + S15 and S8 +
      S15 + S6 + S18 with 16 S ribosomal RNA, and probed the RNA moiety with a set of
      structure-specific chemical and enzymatic probes. Our results show the following
      effects of assembly of proteins on the reactivity of specific nucleotides in 16 S
      rRNA. (1) In agreement with earlier work, S8 protects nucleotides in and around
      the 588-606/632-651 stem from attack by chemical probes; this is supported by
      protection in and around these same regions from nucleases. In addition, we
      observe protection of positions 573-575, 583, 812, 858-861 and 865. Several S8
      dependent enhancements of reactivity are found, indicating that assembly of this
      protein is accompanied by conformational changes in 16 S rRNA. These results
      imply that protein S8 influences a much larger region of the central domain than
      was previously suspected. (2) Protein S15 protects nucleotides in the 655-672/734
      751 stem, in agreement with previous findings. We also find S15-dependent
      protection of nucleotides in the 724-730 region. Assembly of S15 causes several
      enhancements of reactivity, the most striking of which are found at G664, A665,
      G674, and A718. (3) The effects of proteins S6 and S18 are dependent on the
      simultaneous presence of both proteins, and on the presence of protein S15. S6 +
      S18-dependent protections are located in the 673-730 and 777-803 regions. We
      observed some variability in our results with these proteins, depending on the
      ratio of protein to RNA used, and in different trials using enzymatic probes,
      possibly due to the limited solubility of protein S18. Consistently reproducible
      was protection of nucleotides in the 664-676 and 715-729 regions. Among the
      latter are three of the nucleotides (G664, G674 and A718) that are strongly
      enhanced by assembly of protein S15. This result suggests that an S15-induced
      conformational change involving these nucleotides may play a role in the co
      operative assembly of proteins S6 and S18.

PMID- 3373531
TI  - Probing the assembly of the 3' major domain of 16 S ribosomal RNA. Quaternary
      interactions involving ribosomal proteins S7, S9 and S19.
AB  - We have studied the effect of assembly of ribosomal proteins S7, S9 and S19 on
      the accessibility and conformation of nucleotides in 16 S ribosomal RNA.
      Complexes formed between 16 S rRNA and S7, S7 + S9, S7 + S19 or S7 + S9 + S19
      were subjected to a combination of chemical and enzymatic probes, whose sites of
      attack in 16 S rRNA were identified by primer extension. The results of this
      study show that: (1) Protein S7 affects the reactivity of an extensive region in
      the lower half of the 3' major domain. Inclusion of proteins S9 or S19 with S7
      has generally little additional effect on S7-specific protection of the RNA.
      Clusters of nucleotides that are protected by protein S7 are localized in the 935
      945 region, the 950/1230 stem, the 1250/1285 internal loop, and the 1350/1370
      stem. (2) Addition of protein S9 in the presence of S7 causes several additional
      effects principally in two structurally distal regions. We observe strong S9
      dependent protection of positions 1278 to 1283, and of several positions in the
      1125/1145 internal loop. These findings suggest that interaction of protein S9
      with 16 S rRNA results in a structure in which the 1125/1145 and 1280 regions are
      proximal to each other. (3) Most of the strong S19-dependent effects are
      clustered in the 950-1050 and 1210-1230 regions, which are joined by base-pairing
      in the 16 S rRNA secondary structure. The highly conserved 960-975 stemp-loop,
      which has been implicated in tRNA binding, appears to be destabilized in the
      presence of S19. (4) Protein S7 causes enhanced reactivity at several sites that
      become protected upon addition of S9 or S19. This suggests that S7-induced
      conformational changes in 16 S rRNA play a role in the co-operativity of assembly
      of the 3' major domain.

PMID- 3373532
TI  - Correlation between tubulin mRNA stability and poly(A) length over the cell cycle
      of Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - During the cell cycle of the Physarum polycephalum plasmodium, levels of alpha
      tubulin mRNA rise exponentially in G2 phase, reach a peak at metaphase 40-fold
      above basal levels, and then fall exponentially to basal levels after mitosis. We
      show that post-mitotic alpha-tubulin mRNA carries poly(A) tracts of less than 30
      residues. By contrast, when levels of alpha-tubulin mRNA rise during G2 phase,
      the mRNA has a poly(A) tract of approximately 80 bases. The length of the poly(A)
      tract of any mRNA encoding actin is relatively constant at fewer than 30 bases
      through the cycle. We have estimated the apparent rate of synthesis of alpha
      tubulin mRNA at different stages of the cell cycle by short-term labeling in
      vivo. Transcription of alpha-tubulin mRNA continues even after mitosis, though
      the rate may be diminished relative to that in late G2 phase. So, the post
      mitotic molecular half-life of alpha-tubulin mRNA must be less than the 19 minute
      half-life by which the levels of this species fall. The fact that the apparent
      rate of alpha-tubulin mRNA synthesis is not vastly greater in early G2 phase than
      in post-mitotic plasmodia is consistent with an S-phase destabilization of alpha
      tubulin mRNA molecules. Thus, the poly(A) tail is shorter when the alpha-tubulin
      mRNA is less stable.

PMID- 3373533
TI  - Structure of helical RecA-DNA complexes. II. Local conformational changes
      visualized in bundles of RecA-ATP gamma S filaments.
AB  - Complexes of RecA-DNA filaments, formed in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable ATP
      analog, ATP gamma S, aggregate together into regular bundles in the presence of
      Mg2+. Electron micrographs of several different forms of RecA-double-stranded DNA
      bundles have been analyzed: bundles of six supercoiled filaments at two different
      concentrations of Mg2+, and bundles of three supercoiled filaments at a single
      concentration of Mg2+. The bundles are all characterized by a regular left-handed
      supercoiling of the component filaments arising from the non-integral number of
      RecA subunits per turn of the RecA helix in these aggregates, about 6.15
      units/turn. When single-stranded DNA is used instead of double-stranded DNA,
      regular aggregates composed of many filaments are formed. These aggregates do not
      supercoil, consistent with a symmetry of the component filaments of close to 6.0
      units/turn. These different structures have provided a strong confirmation of the
      analysis of isolated RecA filaments. Since different RecA protomers within the
      component filaments of these aggregates are in different environments, they have
      provided a direct view of different conformations that RecA subunits may adopt
      within the same filament as a result of nonequivalent contacts. The
      conformational changes we have visualized are quite large, with apparent
      movements of mass over distances greater than 2 nm. The RecA-mediated strand
      exchange reaction is a highly dynamic process, which involves both the unwinding
      and stretching of DNA, in addition to the physical movement of DNA strands. It is
      quite likely, therefore, that the different conformations of RecA subunits seen
      in these aggregates represent different states of RecA during its enzymatic
      strand exchange activity.

PMID- 3373534
TI  - Three-dimensional structural analysis of tetanus toxin by electron
      crystallography.
AB  - Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of native tetanus toxin have been formed at
      the interface between a solution of the toxin and a phospholipid monolayer
      containing a ganglioside. Electron crystallographic analysis has been used to
      study these periodic arrays. The arrays obey the symmetry of plane group p12(1),
      with a = 126 A and b = 84 A, and a thickness of 90 A (1 A = 0.1 nm). The three
      dimensional structure of tetanus toxin in negative stain is reconstructed to a
      nominal resolution of 14 A from multiple tilt images. The molecule presents an
      asymmetric three-lobed structure and could interact with the monolayer in two
      possible orientations.

PMID- 3373535
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the solvent in crystals of hen egg-white
      lysozyme.
AB  - The mass density of protein crystals can be measured in Ficoll gradients as a
      function of hydrostatic pressure. Carbon tetrachloride-toluene mixtures provide
      convenient density markers, and the compressibility of these standards is
      reported. Measurements on tetragonal crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme yielded
      densities at room temperature of 1.2367(+/- 0.0010) g cm-3 at 1 atm and 1.2586(+/
      0.0017) g cm-3 at 1000 atm (1 atm = 101,325 Pa). When combined with the unit
      cell dimensions at these two pressures these values lead to an estimated
      compression (fractional change in volume) of the crystal solvent at 1000 atm of
      0.0369(+/- 0.0054). This value is comparable to that of a 0.7 M solution of NaCl.
      From an approximate estimate of the Donnan effect for the crystal in the 1.4 M
      NaCl mother liquor, the crystal solvent contains 0.8 M-Na+ and 2.5 M-Cl-. It is
      concluded that the compressibility of solvent in lysozyme crystals is, within
      experimental error, the same as bulk solvent and does not exhibit the
      dramatically altered compressibility expected of an ice or glass-like solid. The
      crystallographically observable water sites, 151 at 1 atm and 163 at 1000 atm,
      showed a tendency to increase the number of hydrogen bonds made to other water
      sites at the expense of hydrogen bonds made to protein. The explanation for this
      phenomenon is presently unknown. Water sites that occur in both structures tend
      to have comparable temperature factors and show some tendency to follow the
      pressure-induced changes in protein atom positions. The compression expected for
      the water molecules themselves is too small to be observable at the resolution of
      the X-ray data collected in this study.

PMID- 3373536
TI  - Crystallization of nitrite reductase from Achromobacter cycloclastes.
AB  - Crystals of a green copper-containing nitrite reductase from Achromobacter
      cycloclastes, which diffract to high resolution, belong to the cubic space group
      P213, with a = b = c = 98.4 A. Crystals of a nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes
      faecalis S-6 have been made, and belong to space group P212121, with a = 77.3 A,
      b = 94.6 A and c = 141 A. Crystals of the blue copper protein from Ac.
      cycloclastes have also been obtained: these belong to space group P21212, with
      cell dimensions a = 34.9 A, b = 91.1 A and c = 36.7 A (1 A = 0.1 nm).

PMID- 3373537
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary analysis of an 18,000 Mr fragment of duck
      ovotransferrin.
AB  - Crystals of an 18,000 Mr iron-binding fragment of duck ovotransferrin,
      corresponding to domain II of the N-terminal lobe, have been obtained. The
      crystals belong to the trigonal system, P31 (or enantiomer) with a = b = 41.3(1)
      A, c = 81.2(2) A (1 A = 0.1 nm) and one molecule per asymmetric unit assuming a
      solvent content of 40% by volume. The crystals are stable at +4 degrees C and
      diffract to at least 2.3 A resolution.

PMID- 3373538
TI  - Basement membrane proteoglycans and anionic sites in the fetal rat kidney during
      late gestation.
AB  - Proteoglycans were studied in developing rat fetal kidney using cytological and
      biochemical techniques. These compounds were detected with immunoperoxidase in
      the nephron basement membranes from the earliest stages of differentiation. In
      the glomerular basement membrane, immunostaining appeared as both diffuse and
      granular deposits, as long as this membrane consisted of loose material; however,
      as soon as a three-layered membrane had formed, staining was confined to the
      laminae rarae as regularly arranged granules. The same pattern of staining was
      observed during differentiation of the basement membrane of the proximal tubule.
      In Bowman's capsule, immunostaining appeared as granules, which were sparsely
      distributed in the developing glomerulus and then regularly lined the stacked
      laminae when differentiation was complete. In all basement membranes, anionic
      sites (disclosed by polyethyleneimine) were colocated with immunostained granular
      deposits. Total glycosaminoglycan content gradually increased from the beginning
      of metanephros development to birth. During this period, the relative proportions
      of glycosaminoglycans changed: heparan sulfate increased and hyaluronic acid
      decreased as differentiation proceeded. The possible relationship between
      morphological observations and biochemical changes in glycosaminoglycan content
      is discussed.

PMID- 3373539
TI  - A morphological study of the nervous system of the praesoma of Octospinifer
      macilentus (Acanthocephala: Noechinorhynchidae).
AB  - The nerve pathways in the praesoma are described for the first time for a member
      of the genus Octospinifer. Eleven nerves, five paired, and one single, are traced
      from the cerebral ganglion to their associations with the musculature of the body
      wall, neck sense organs, and the musculature of the proboscis wall and the
      invertor muscles of the proboscis. The structure and location of the Stutzzelle
      (support cell) and its association with the neck sense organs are described. A
      comparison with the nervous system in the praesoma of Noechinorhynchus and
      Paulisentis is discussed.

PMID- 3373540
TI  - The buccopharyngeal mucosa of the turtles (testudines).
AB  - Gross and histological examination of all extant families of turtles revealed
      that the buccopharyngeal mucosa is morphologically highly varied. The tongues of
      aquatic species have small lingual papillae or lack them entirely, while
      terrestrial species have tongues with numerous glandular papillae. The pharynx
      and the esophagus also have papillae in some species. These either facilitate
      swallowing in which case they are long, pointed, keratinized, and occur commonly
      in marine turtles, or they are vascular and nonkeratinized, facilitate
      respiratory gas exchange and are found in the Trionychidae, Dermatemyidae, and
      Carettochelyidae. The morphology of the buccopharyngeal mucosa of turtles
      reflects their diet, feeding behavior, habitat, and relationships. Convergence in
      the morphology of the buccopharyngeal mucosa occurs among families, especially
      among the Emydidae and other familes of turtles. Intergeneric parallelism is also
      seen within the Emydidae.

PMID- 3373541
TI  - Quantitative electromyography of the masticatory muscles of Pteropus giganteus
      (Megachiroptera).
AB  - Mastication has been studied by cinematography and quantitative electromyography
      while flying foxes, Pteropus giganteus, were freely feeding on standardized
      pieces of apple, soaked raisin, and banana. The primarily orthal mandibular
      movements are caused by mainly bilaterally symmetrical firing of all the
      masticatory muscles. Asymmetric activity in the superficial and deep masseter and
      medial pterygoid causes slight protrusion early in opening. Slight lateral
      deviations at the end of opening and at the start of closing are caused by
      asymmetric and asynchronous activity in the pterygoids and digastrics, and by
      asynchronous firing of the deep temporalis and zygomaticomandibularis. Food
      consistency affects movement characteristics as well as characteristics of
      muscular activity. In this study electromyograms were digitized and the number of
      spikes and mean amplitude per interval (set by the filming rate) recorded.
      Although a significant correlation exists between descriptors, the product
      thereof appears to be the best predictor of certain kinematic variables (cycle
      length and maximum excursion of the mandible). On the other hand, the changes in
      magnitude of muscular activity as a function of the position of a cycle in the
      reduction sequence and as a function of food consistency are more translated in a
      variation of the mean amplitude than in a variation of the number of spikes per
      interval. Observed variation differs among muscles studied. It is most apparent
      in the superficial and deep masseter and least in the temporalis and
      zygomaticomandibularis. Late cycles of apple and raisin mastication are long and
      exhibit large gapes but almost no anterior movement. The adductor activity
      frequently shows a synchronized, pulsatile pattern leading to an unfused tetanus.

PMID- 3373543
TI  - Moraxella corneal ulcer.

PMID- 3373542
TI  - Radiation protection. Choroidal melanoma and iodine-125 plaques.

PMID- 3373544
TI  - AIDS update: infection control in the OR. With guidelines to processing
      microsurgical instruments.

PMID- 3373545
TI  - Vision screening of preschool and school-age children. Guidelines for setting up
      a program in your community.

PMID- 3373546
TI  - Cigarette smoking and its fingerprint on DNA.

PMID- 3373547
TI  - Quantitative associations between DNA damage in human placenta and maternal
      smoking and birth weight.
AB  - Specimens of human placental DNA were tested for chemical addition products
      (adducts) by recently developed 32P-postlabeling and immunologic assays, and
      results were compared with data concerning maternal exposures and birth weight. A
      total of 7 different adducts were detected in the 53 specimens of human placental
      tissue examined by the 32P-postlabeling assay. Three of these adducts were found
      almost exclusively in smokers. Among smokers there were positive dose-response
      relationships between levels of the smoking-related adducts and biochemical
      estimates of doses of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy.
      Levels of 1 adduct found only in smokers appeared to relate directly to amounts
      of caffeine consumption by the mother. In addition to these relationships with
      maternal exposures, levels of smoking-related adducts were inversely associated
      with the birth weight of offspring. Results from this study suggest that even at
      their current formative stage of development, assays for DNA adducts may help
      identify determinants of DNA damage to human tissues and improve our ability to
      demonstrate dose-response relationships for the effects of environmental
      exposures to potentially carcinogenic agents.

PMID- 3373548
TI  - Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer.
AB  - Both plasma and dietary measures of vitamin A status were investigated along with
      previously established risk factors (number of sexual partners, age at first
      intercourse, smoking, and oral contraceptive use) in a study of 117 in situ
      cervical cancer patients and 196 matched community controls in Sydney, Australia.
      Neither total calories nor retinol from foods was related to cancer risk, nor was
      plasma retinol. When plasma and dietary indexes were considered together, vitamin
      C, fruit juices, and plasma beta-carotene showed protective effects. Plasma beta
      carotene reduced risk from top to bottom quartile by 80%, vitamin C by 60%, and
      fruit juices by 50%. Thus the evidence suggests that cancer risk is associated
      with some aspect of diet that is reflected in the effect of plasma beta-carotene.
      There is no clear effect of any one nutrient but fruit juices appear protective.
      Thus vitamin C and beta-carotene are likely candidates.

PMID- 3373549
TI  - Improved survival of patients with cancers of the colon and rectum?
AB  - The survival of 61,769 patients diagnosed as having colorectal cancer in the
      total Swedish population in 1960-1981 was analyzed. The 5-year relative survival
      rates during the total period were approximately 40%; patients with colonic
      carcinoma had a somewhat better prognosis than patients with rectal carcinoma,
      and men had a generally less favorable prognosis than women. Comparison of
      patients diagnosed in 1960-1964 and in 1975-1979 showed a slight improvement in
      survival during the more recent study period, i.e., an improvement rate of 7.0%
      for both cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum. The improvement occurred
      mainly during the first months of follow-up. However, the excess mortality due to
      colorectal cancer 1-5 years after diagnosis as compared to the expected mortality
      in the general population remained virtually unaltered. A multivariate analysis
      in which adjustment was made for the possible confounding variables of sex, age,
      and site (of colonic carcinoma) gave consistent results. Reduced postoperative
      mortality was considered to be the most likely major explanation for the temporal
      trend toward a more favorable prognosis. Thus it seemed that the treatment of
      colorectal cancer in Sweden during the last two decades has not improved
      significantly except in terms of reduced postoperative mortality. Thus the
      challenge of improving survival in patients with colorectal cancer must be given
      high priority.

PMID- 3373551
TI  - Intractable chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3373550
TI  - Tumor necrosis factor not detectable in patients with clinical cancer cachexia.
AB  - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia
      in neoplastic and infectious diseases. To assess the relationship between TNF and
      weight loss among cancer patients, we assayed TNF levels in serum from 19
      patients who had lost 8%-40% of premorbid weight. The weight loss experienced by
      these patients was not attributable to anticancer therapy, gastrointestinal
      disorders, or other medical problems. TNF was measured using a quantitative
      sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is sensitive to human TNF in
      serum at concentrations greater than or equal to 40 pg/mL. No TNF was detected in
      serum samples from the 19 patients studied.

PMID- 3373552
TI  - Hennekens reconsidered.

PMID- 3373553
TI  - NCI forms AIDS Vaccine Task Force.

PMID- 3373554
TI  - Fate of tumor cells injected into left ventricle of heart in BALB/c mice: role of
      natural killer cells.
AB  - The arrest, retention, and elimination (i.e., clearance) of radiolabeled YAC-1
      lymphoma cells injected either iv or into the left ventricle (LV) of the heart
      were studied in male BALB/c mice, with special emphasis on the role of natural
      killer (NK) cells. After iv injection YAC-1 cells were arrested and, to a large
      extent, destroyed in the lungs, which contain the first capillary bed that iv
      injected tumor cells meet. After LV injection the initial distribution of the
      tumor cells, which depends on the distribution of cardiac output at the time of
      injection, was estimated by use of radiolabeled microspheres. Using this
      technique, we have shown that LV-injected tumor cells, in contrast to iv injected
      tumor cells, were not arrested in the first capillary bed that they encountered
      but passed viably through the microvasculature of the brain, heart, kidneys,
      intestinal tract, and to some extent, the bone, skin, and muscle. The only organs
      that could arrest the LV-injected tumor cells were the lungs and the liver. In
      the lungs clearance of YAC-1 cells began immediately after the cells were
      arrested. However, the rate of clearance could be almost abrogated by
      pretreatment of the recipients with anti-asialo GM1 antiserum, which destroys
      most of the NK cells in vivo and strongly depresses the in vitro NK cell
      activity. In contrast, YAC-1 cells arrested in the liver were not cleared from
      this organ during the first 1-2 hours after arrest. After this delay clearance of
      the cells commenced. Pretreatment of the recipients with anti-asialo GM1 also
      strongly depressed the clearance of tumor cells from the liver. Although
      pretreatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid enhanced in vitro NK cell
      activity, it could augment only slightly the clearance of YAC-1 cells from the
      lungs and the liver. Thus these results strongly support the hypothesis that the
      rapid clearance of tumor cells from both the lungs and the liver depends, at
      least partially, on the NK cell activity within these organs.

PMID- 3373555
TI  - In vivo amplification and rearrangement of c-myc oncogene in human breast tumors.
AB  - We have studied the genomic organization of cellular myc (c-myc) proto-oncogene
      in 48 human primary breast tumors. Two types of alterations (amplification and
      rearrangement) were observed in 27 (56%) of the tumors studied. The c-myc proto
      oncogene appeared to be amplified 2- to 15-fold in the DNA of 20 tumors (41%).
      Non-germ line c-myc-related fragments (rearrangements) of variable size were
      detected in 7 primary breast tumors (6 malignant, 1 benign); 4 of these tumors
      presented both rearrangement and amplification, and the other 3 presented
      rearrangement only. The majority of the tumors analyzed were invasive ductal
      adenocarcinomas; 58% of these showed c-myc locus genetic alterations. Although
      the c-myc alterations described here do not appear to correlate with the
      aggressive behavior of primary breast tumors, they seem to be associated with
      development of breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3373556
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of oral and i.v. N-methylformamide: a pharmacologic basis
      for lack of clinical antineoplastic activity.
AB  - N-Methylformamide (NMF) has been an agent of considerable interest to oncologists
      because of its broad spectrum of preclinical antitumor activity, tumor
      differentiating abilities, and radiosensitizing and chemosensitizing properties.
      In this report, the pharmacokinetics of NMF are described, based on data from two
      phase I studies exploring both iv and oral routes of administration. Mean peak
      NMF plasma concentrations at recommended phase II doses were 0.46 mmol/L for NMF
      administered orally, 600 mg/m2 three times/week X 4 weeks every 6 weeks, and 2.78
      mmol/L for NMF administered as a weekly iv bolus at 2,000 mg/m2 X 3 weeks every 4
      weeks. These NMF concentrations were significantly lower than the concentrations
      that have been demonstrated to induce antineoplastic and relevant biologic
      effects in preclinical studies. Plasma disappearance curves were biphasic in the
      majority of patients; however, 25% of the curves were best fit by a
      monoexponential kinetic model. Mean alpha half-life and beta half-life values (+/
      SE) were 10 +/- 2 and 732 +/- 93 min, respectively. Volumes of distribution for
      the theoretical central compartment (Vc) and at steady-state (Vss) were 13.8 +/-
      1.1 L/m2 and 18.7 +/- 1.1 L/m2, respectively. The mean plasma clearance of NMF
      was 19.1 +/- 2.1 mL/min per square meter, and the relative contributions to
      parent compound disposition by respiratory and renal routes were insignificant.
      No metabolites were identified. Gastrointestinal absorption of oral NMF was rapid
      and nearly complete; oral bioavailability was calculated to be 0.87.
      Pharmacodynamic associations were observed between the magnitude of the area
      under the plasma disappearance curves and hepatotoxicity, the dose-limiting toxic
      effect of iv NMF, and the symptom complex of nausea, vomiting, and malaise, which
      precluded dose escalation of oral NMF.

PMID- 3373557
TI  - Head trauma and exposure to prolactin-elevating drugs as risk factors for male
      breast cancer.
AB  - On the basis of information obtained from a population-based cancer registry in
      Sweden, male patients with breast cancer (n = 95) were found to have experienced
      significantly more brain concussions and skull fractures than male patients with
      lung cancer (n = 383) or malignant lymphoma (n = 69). Other risk factors
      significantly associated with breast cancer among men were drug treatment
      associated with prolactin elevations, radiation treatment, family history of
      breast cancer among first-degree relatives, a history of gynecomastia, gonadal
      injury, and treatment for inguinal hernias. The results confirm some previously
      described risk factors for male breast cancer and suggest that events elevating
      plasma prolactin (e.g., drugs, brain concussions, and skull fractures) and events
      predisposing for inguinal hernias may be new risk factors for the disease. Using
      hospital charts is likely to underestimate exposure for different risk factors;
      therefore, the results need to be confirmed in studies that directly retrieve
      information. However, such studies are difficult or impossible to undertake in
      most countries because the disease is so rare.

PMID- 3373558
TI  - Trends in frequency of latent prostate carcinoma in Japan from 1965-1979 to 1982
      1986.
AB  - By analyzing serial step-sections of whole prostate obtained at autopsy, we
      determined the chronologic change of the frequency of latent prostate tumor in
      Japan in two periods: 1965-1979 and 1982-1986. Methods of specimen preparation
      and examination were identical for both periods. The frequency with which latent
      prostate carcinoma was found in the 660 samples for 1982-1986 was 34.6% and was
      significantly higher than the 22.5% seen in the 576 observed for 1965-1979 (P
      less than .0001). This significant finding can be attributed to an increase in
      the frequency of latent infiltrative tumor (LIT). However, the increase in the
      frequency of noninfiltrative tumor (LNT) was less significant (P = .045). Both
      sets of specimens were subsequently combined and reanalyzed according to the year
      of birth of the decedents. The LIT has progressively increased in frequency in
      each age-specific category. By morphometry, we determined that the mean tumor
      volume decreased due to an increase in the number of smaller tumors during the
      study periods. Although the frequency of latent prostate carcinoma and the
      LIT:LNT in the samples obtained most recently were comparable to those of U.S.
      whites, cancer incidence and mortality rates remain lower in Japan. Apparently,
      the initial step in the induction of prostate carcinoma in indigenous Japanese is
      now similar to that in U.S. whites. The rates of clinical carcinoma in Japan are
      still low when compared with those in the United States and countries in Western
      Europe, but our findings may presage a time when these differences may be greatly
      reduced or nonexistent.

PMID- 3373559
TI  - Growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in nude mice: potentiation of
      laryngeal carcinoma by 17 beta-estradiol.
AB  - We successfully transplanted and serially perpetuated human head and neck tumors
      in nude mice by using tumor tissue derived from 10 of 14 (71%) independently
      obtained surgical specimens. Tumor growth was achieved with specimens derived
      from cancers of the floor of the mouth, hypopharynx, and larynx. Tumors in nude
      mice retained their histological stage of differentiation and human species
      origin. Prompted by reports of increased estrogen receptors in laryngeal
      carcinomas, we tested the effect of estradiol treatment on the growth of
      laryngeal tumor implants. Time to tumor formation was decreased and tumor size
      was increased in estradiol-treated animals relative to placebo-treated animals.
      The results demonstrate that estradiol treatment potentiates growth of laryngeal
      tumors in nude mice. This tumor model can also be used to evaluate antihormonal
      therapy in the treatment of some laryngeal carcinomas.

PMID- 3373560
TI  - Transplacental and mammary passage of radioactivity in rats treated vaginally and
      orally with [14C]propranolol.
AB  - The milk transfer, maternal-fetal distribution, and disposition of the
      antihypertensive/spermicidal agent propranolol were studied in pregnant and
      lactating rats. Single doses (10 mg/kg) of an aqueous solution of
      [14C]propranolol were administered either orally (po) or intravaginally (ivg) on
      gestational d 15, or on postpartum d 7-10. Upon ivg administration,
      [14C]propranolol was quickly transferred to systemic circulation and the mean
      blood [14C] concentrations were significantly greater during the first 0.25-2 h
      than in po dosed counterparts. About 98% of the ivg applied dose was absorbed
      after 6 h in gravid rats, and the combined 6-h excretions of radioactivity in the
      urine (ivg = 24.6%; po = 22.9%) and feces (ivg = 16.8%; po = 14.6%) were
      equivalent in both groups. At the end of 6 h, the levels of [14C] in the urinary
      bladder, adrenal, uterus, ovary, spleen, skeletal muscle, brain, heart, lung and
      fat were significantly higher in ivg treated rats than po dosed animals. Compared
      with the maternal plasma (ivg = 0.76; po = 0.88 microgram/ml), the mean
      concentrations of [14C] in the placentas were similar in both groups, while the
      amounts of [14C] were three to five times lower in the amniotic fluids and the
      fetuses of both po and ivg treated dams. In lactating rats, over 99% of the
      administered radioactivity was absorbed from the vagina within 6 h. The blood
      concentrations of [14C] were significantly elevated at 0.5 and 1 h in the per
      vaginam treated animals, and afterward the disappearance rate of [14C] followed a
      similar course in both groups. Following ivg application, the milk radioactivity
      peaked at 0.5 h and declined rapidly. However, the appearance of [14C] in milk
      was rather slow after oral dosing: the milk [14C] peaked between 2 and 3 h
      posttreatment and remained steady thereafter. The milk to blood (M/B) [14C]
      concentration ratios were markedly greater during 0.5 to 1 h in the ivg group
      than in their po dosed counterparts. At 6 h, the [14C] levels in the whole blood,
      plasma, milk, and mammary gland were virtually equivalent in the ivg and po
      treated females. Comparison of the areas under the milk [14C] concentration-time
      curves (AUCs) indicated that the milk availability of [14C] was about 31% more in
      dams dosed vaginally. These data suggest that route of administration alters the
      disposition and milk excretion of [14C]propranolol-derived radioactivity in
      pregnant and lactating rats.

PMID- 3373561
TI  - Lack of carcinogenicity of phenytoin in (C57BL/6 x C3H)F1 mice.
AB  - Groups of 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex were given 0.012% or 0.006% phenytoin in
      their powdered diet for 78 wk and were then fed a basal diet for 8 wk. Control
      groups of 50 mice of each sex were fed powdered basal diet for 86 wk. Mean total
      intakes of phenytoin per mouse were 301 and 150 mg in males, and 292 and 154 mg
      in females, respectively. The survival rates of each group at week 86 were 72-86%
      in males, and 86-94% in females. Liver-cell tumors, alveolar tumors, and
      Harderian-gland adenomas in male mice, malignant lymphomas and/or leukemias in
      female mice, and a few tumors in other organs of both sexes were found. The total
      number of hepatocellular tumors in mice treated with the high dose of phenytoin
      was significantly smaller than that of control mice in males (p less than 0.05).
      However, hepatocellular carcinomas developed 15 to 3 wk earlier in a few mice of
      phenytoin-treated males than in the controls. In other organs, no significant
      increase of any particular tumor type was observed in the treated groups of both
      sexes. Thus, phenytoin was not carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice in this study.

PMID- 3373562
TI  - A rapid method of preparing hepatic parenchymal cells for studying drug
      metabolism.
AB  - Parenchymal cells were prepared from the livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats by
      collagenase perfusion and purified by a self-generating Percoll gradient. The
      method consisted of mixing 31% Percoll and 5 x 10(6) cells/ml, followed by
      centrifugation at 10,000 x g for 10 min. A self-generated gradient provided a
      rapid and efficient recovery of highly viable parenchymal cells. The parenchymal
      cells were determined to be very stable during incubation at 37 degrees C for at
      least 2 h. Cell integrity was evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion, lactate
      dehydrogenase leakage, and membrane peroxidation. In addition, drug metabolism
      and conjugation were evaluated as markers of intracellular integrity. With
      increasing p-nitroanisole (pNA) concentration, the formation of p-nitrophenol
      (pNP) increased. The rate of sulfation was maximal at a pNA concentration of 0.25
      mM and decreased greatly above 1.0 mM. Glucuronidation increased from 0.25 mM to
      a maximum rate of 2.0 mM pNA. Above 1.0 mM pNA, nonconjugated pNP increased
      proportionately to the decrease in sulfation. These results indicate that the
      cell integrity was maintained, and that these cells can be used as a model for
      studying drug metabolism.

PMID- 3373563
TI  - Metabolism of nephrotoxic isopropylcyclohexane in male Fischer 344 rats.
AB  - The metabolism of isopropylcyclohexane and associated renal pathology were
      evaluated in male Fischer 344 rats exposed by oral gavage. The rats experienced
      moderate proximal tubular damage similar to that produced by acyclic, branched
      chain hydrocarbons. The urinary metabolites of isopropylcyclohexane included cis
      4-isopropylcyclohexanol, trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanol, 2-cyclohexylpropanoic
      acid, 2-cyclohexyl-1,3-propanediol, 2t-hydroxy-4t-isopropylcyclohexanol, 2c
      hydroxy-4c-isopropyl-cyclohexanol, and 2c-hydroxy-4t-isopropylcyclohexanol. The
      extent and preferred sites of oxidative metabolism of nephrotoxic hydrocarbons
      could potentially prove useful in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms.

PMID- 3373564
TI  - Leukocytic responses to the intrapleural deposition of particles, particle-cell
      associations, and the clearance of particles from the pleural space compartment.
AB  - Polystyrene microspheres (2.02 micron diameter) were instilled in the pleural
      space compartment (PSC) of the Fischer 344 rat. Rats that were administered
      carrier vehicle only, and untreated rats served as controls. On d 1, 6, 14, and
      28 following the instillations, the pleural free cells were harvested by pleural
      lavage and the major cell phenotypes retrieved were quantitated to determine how
      the pleural free cell population was altered by the particles. Concurrent with
      these studies, quantitative analyses were performed to determine the numbers of
      particles lavaged from the pleural space at the above sacrifice times, and these
      particle retention data were used to estimate particle translocation rates from
      the PSC. Deposition of the particles in the PSC brought about an early
      recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and an enlargement in the size
      of the pleural mononuclear phagocyte (PMP) population. PMN numbers substantially
      decreased by d 6, but continued to remain elevated over the course of the study.
      The early increase in PMP appeared to subside by d 6, but again increased
      thereafter. Other notable changes were decreases in the size of the pleural
      eosinophil population at later times after particle deposition, and an
      approximate 200-fold increase in lymphocytes by d 28. The particles were cleared
      from the PSC with a biphasic pattern. The most rapid phase, which accounted for
      the clearance of greater than or equal to 80% of the particles, had a t1/2 = 0.3
      d and the slower component had a t1/2 = 6 d. Most of the particles were
      translocated from the PSC to the retrosternal, caudal mediastinal tissue. The
      slower phase of particle clearance appeared to be macrophage-mediated, suggesting
      the t1/2 for macrophages in the PSC is also approximately 6 d.

PMID- 3373565
TI  - Selenium toxicosis in wild aquatic birds.
AB  - Severe gross and microscopic lesions and other changes were found in adult
      aquatic birds and in embryos from Kesterson Reservoir (a portion of Kesterson
      National Wildlife Refuge), Merced County, Calif., during 1984. Adult birds from
      that area were emaciated, had subacute to extensive chronic hepatic lesions, and
      had excess fluid and fibrin in the peritoneal cavity. Biochemical changes in
      their livers included elevated glycogen and non-protein-bound sulfhydryl
      concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity but lowered protein, total
      sulfhydryl, and protein-bound sulfhydryl concentrations. Congenital malformations
      observed grossly in embryos were often multiple and included anophthalmia,
      microphthalmia, abnormal beaks, amelia, micromelia, ectrodactyly, and
      hydrocephaly. Mean concentrations of selenium in livers (94.4 ppm, dry weight)
      and kidneys (96.6 ppm) of birds collected at the Kesterson ponds were about 10
      times those found at a nearby control area (8.3 and 12.2 ppm). We conclude that
      selenium present in the agricultural drainage water supplied to the Kesterson
      ponds accumulated in the food chain of aquatic birds to toxic concentrations and
      caused the lesion and other changes observed.

PMID- 3373566
TI  - Inhibition of methyl isocyanate toxicity in mice by starvation and dexamethasone
      but not by sodium thiosulfate, atropine, and ethanol.
AB  - Effects of starvation (24 and 48 h), dexamethasone, sodium thiosulfate, atropine,
      and ethanol on the toxicity of methyl isocyanate (MIC) vapor, which escaped
      during the Bhopal accident of December 3, 1984, were studied in male Swiss
      Webster mice. Toxicity to MIC appeared to be biphasic; majority of animals died
      between 1 and 2 d or between 7 and 21 d after exposure to 40 ppm MIC. Starvation
      (24 or 48 h) or an injection of 2 mg dexamethasone/kg prior to exposure inhibited
      the toxicity of MIC, especially during the first 6-7 d; administrations of sodium
      thiosulfate, alcohol, and atropine before or of dexamethasone after the exposure
      to MIC were ineffective. Starvation increased serum corticosterone levels. The
      antidotal effects of both starvation and dexamethasone might be due to
      suppression of the inflammatory response to MIC.

PMID- 3373567
TI  - Venous lake bleeding: a complication of chorionic villus sampling.

PMID- 3373568
TI  - Further characterization of the soluble form of the G glycoprotein of respiratory
      syncytial virus.
AB  - A soluble form of the G glycoprotein, the attachment protein, of respiratory
      syncytial virus is shed from infected HEp-2 cells. The Gs proteins of the Long
      and 18537 strains have apparent molecular sizes of 82 and 71 kilodaltons,
      respectively, 6 to 9 kilodaltons smaller than the virion-associated forms (Gv).
      The Gs protein of the Long strain was further characterized. Approximately one in
      six of all of the radiolabeled G molecules in these cultures at 24 h
      postinfection was present as the Gs protein. The Gs protein was clearly evident
      in culture fluids at 6 h postinfection, but the Gv protein could not be discerned
      until 12 h after infection, an observation that is consistent with the 12-h
      eclipse period for respiratory syncytial virus. Therefore, the Gs protein is
      shed, in part at least, from intact, infected cells and before the appearance of
      progeny virus. The appearance of a smaller Gs protein (74 kilodaltons) in fluids
      of infected calls which were incubated with tunicamycin shows that addition of N
      linked oligosaccharides is not required for the genesis and shedding of the Gs
      protein. Sequencing of the amino terminus of purified Gs protein revealed two
      different termini, whose generations are consistent with cleavages of the full
      length G protein between amino acids 65 and 66 and between residues 74 and 75.
      This result suggests that the Gs protein is present in two different forms which
      lack the proposed intracytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of the full-length G
      protein.

PMID- 3373569
TI  - Transfer of functional immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody into the gastrointestinal
      tract accounts for IgG clearance in calves.
AB  - The transfer of circulating immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody to the
      gastrointestinal tract in young calves was quantified by using bovine anti
      dinitrophenol IgG1 antibody labeled with 125I. The antibody was administered to
      newborn calves by intravenous injection, and transfer of the labeled IgG1 to the
      gastrointestinal tract occurred as demonstrated by excretion of protein-bound
      label in the feces and by the presence of the labeled IgG1 antibody in the
      gastrointestinal tract lumen at necropsy. Sixty-eight percent of the [125I]IgG1
      clearance occurred by transfer to the gastrointestinal tract. Protein-bound 125I
      in the gastrointestinal tract lumen retained 65% of the specific dinitrophenol
      binding ability of the labeled antibody originally administered. These results
      show that (i) transfer to the intestinal lumen is the major means of IgG1
      clearance in calves, and (ii) this transfer results in antigen-binding antibody
      in the intestinal tract lumen. The potential contribution to enteric immunity of
      IgG1 reaching the intestinal lumen from circulation remains to be determined.

PMID- 3373570
TI  - Neutralization of adenoviruses: kinetics, stoichiometry, and mechanisms.
AB  - Kinetic curves for neutralization of adenovirus type 2 with anti-hexon serum
      revealed no lag periods even when the serum was highly diluted or when the
      temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, thus indicating a single-hit mechanism.
      Multiplicity curves determined with anti-hexon serum displayed a linear
      correlation between the degree of neutralization and dilution of antiserum.
      Neutralization values experimentally obtained under steady-state conditions fully
      fitted a single-hit model based on Poisson calculations. Quantitation of the
      amount of 125I-labeled type-specific anti-hexon antibodies needed for full
      neutralization of adenovirus showed that 1.4 antibodies were attached per virion
      under such conditions. Virions already attached to HeLa cells at 4 degrees C
      were, to a large extent, neutralizable by anti-hexon serum, whereas anti-fiber
      and anti-penton base antisera were negative. It is suggested that adenovirus may
      be neutralized by two pathways: aggregation of the virions (extracellular
      neutralization) as performed by anti-fiber antibodies and blocking of virion
      entrance from the acidic endosomes into the cytoplasm (intracellular
      neutralization). The latter effect could be obtained by (i) covering of the
      penton bases, as performed by anti-penton base antibodies, thereby preventing
      interaction between the penton bases and the endosomal membrane, which results in
      trapping of virions within endosomes, and (ii) inhibition of the low-pH-induced
      conformational change of the viral capsid, which seems to occur in the endosomes
      and is necessary for proper exposure of the penton bases, as performed by anti
      hexon antibodies.

PMID- 3373571
TI  - A family of interferon-induced Mx-related mRNAs encodes cytoplasmic and nuclear
      proteins in rat cells.
AB  - Mouse Mx protein, an interferon (IFN)-induced nuclear protein, confers selective
      resistance to influenza virus. We show here that, as with influenza virus
      resistant Mx+ mouse embryo cells, influenza virus mRNA accumulation and protein
      synthesis are strongly inhibited in rat embryo cells treated with IFN-alpha/beta.
      IFN-alpha/beta induced in rat cells the synthesis of Mx-related mRNAs migrating
      on Northern (RNA) gels as two bands of about 3.5 and 2.5 kilobases which directed
      the synthesis of three electrophoretically distinct proteins called rat Mx
      proteins 1, 2, and 3. The three rat proteins were antigenically related to the
      mouse Mx protein but differed in molecular weight and intracellular location. Rat
      Mx protein 1 was found predominantly in the nucleus and, on the basis of several
      criteria, resembled the nuclear mouse Mx protein. It was induced by IFN
      alpha/beta in all 28 inbred rat strains tested. Rat Mx proteins 2 and 3 differed
      from protein 1 at the carboxy terminus and were predominantly cytoplasmic like
      the human Mx homolog. Sequence data of partial cDNA clones indicate that three Mx
      related genes, rather than one, exist in the rat.

PMID- 3373572
TI  - Human hepatitis delta antigen is a nuclear phosphoprotein with RNA-binding
      activity.
AB  - The genetic origin, structure, and biochemical properties of the delta antigen
      (HDAg) of a human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were investigated. A cDNA fragment
      containing the open reading frame encoding the HDAg was transcribed into RNA and
      used for in vitro translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The HDAg open
      reading frame was also inserted into an expression vector containing a simian
      virus 40 T-antigen promoter and expressed into COS 7 cells. In both systems, a
      protein species of 26 kilodaltons was synthesized from this open reading frame
      and could be specifically immunoprecipitated with antisera obtained from patients
      with delta hepatitis. A similar protein was also synthesized from antigenomic
      sense monomeric HDV RNA in both systems, although the efficiency of translation
      was lower than that of the isolated open reading frame. This protein was found to
      be phosphorylated at the serine residues. Immunoperoxidase studies with anti-HDV
      sera demonstrated that the HDAg was expressed mainly in the nuclei of the
      transfected COS 7 cells. Moreover, the HDAg was shown to bind the genomic RNA of
      HDV. These studies indicate that HDAg is encoded by the antigenomic-sense RNA of
      HDV and is a nuclear phosphoprotein associated with an RNA-binding activity.

PMID- 3373573
TI  - Characterization and engineering of sequences controlling in vivo synthesis of
      brome mosaic virus subgenomic RNA.
AB  - Expression of brome mosaic virus (BMV) coat protein and internal genes of many
      other positive-strand RNA viruses requires initiation of subgenomic mRNA
      synthesis from specific internal sites on minus-strand genomic RNA templates.
      Biologically active viral cDNA clones were used to investigate the sequences
      controlling production of BMV subgenomic RNA in vivo. Suitable duplications
      directed production of specifically initiated, capped subgenomic RNAs from new
      sites in the BMV genome. Previously implicated promoter sequences extending 20
      bases upstream (-20) and 16 bases downstream (+16) of the subgenomic RNA
      initiation site directed only low-level synthesis. Subgenomic RNA production at
      normal levels required sequences extending to at least -74 but not beyond -95.
      Loss of an (rA)18 tract immediately upstream of the -20 to +16 "core promoter"
      particularly inhibited subgenomic RNA synthesis. The -38 to -95 region required
      for normal initiation levels contains repeats of sequence elements in the core
      promoter, and duplications creating additional upstream copies of these repeats
      stimulated subgenomic RNA synthesis above wild-type levels. At least four
      different subgenomic RNAs can be produced from a single BMV RNA3 derivative. For
      all derivatives producing more than one subgenomic RNA, a gradient of
      accumulation progressively favoring smaller subgenomic RNAs was seen.

PMID- 3373575
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune responses to matrix protein of measles virus in
      subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - The immune response to matrix (M) protein of measles virus was examined in
      patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and controls. Antibodies
      specific for M and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins in 11 serum and 8 cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) samples from patients with SSPE were quantitated by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay by using affinity-purified measles virus proteins. Geometric
      mean anti-NC antibody titers were higher in the serum (6.58 +/- 0.98 [mean +/-
      standard deviation]) and CSF (4.38 +/- 0.74) of SSPE patients compared with
      controls. Anti-M antibodies were present in the serum and CSF of all SSPE samples
      tested but in titers lower than those of anti-NC antibodies. Geometric mean anti
      M antibody titer was 3.35 +/- 0.53 in sera from patients with SSPE compared with
      3.05 +/- 0.66 in sera from patients with other neurological diseases and 3.12 +/-
      0.74 in sera from healthy individuals. Geometric mean anti-M antibody titer was
      2.59 +/- 0.86 in the CSF of eight patients with SSPE compared with a mean less
      than 1.00 for patients with other neurological disease (controls). Intrathecal
      synthesis of anti-M or anti-NC antibodies was established in four patients with
      SSPE. The cellular immune responses to M, F, HA, and NC proteins were examined in
      four of the patients with SSPE by lymphoproliferation and were not significantly
      different from those in five healthy controls. The results demonstrate humoral
      and cellular immune responses to M protein in patients with SSPE and indicate
      that it is unlikely that a defect in the immune response to this virus component
      accounts for the disease process in the patients studied.

PMID- 3373576
TI  - Functional mapping of the genome of the B19 (human) parvovirus by in vitro
      translation after negative hybrid selection.
AB  - We have analyzed the coding capacity of B19 parvovirus transcripts by in vitro
      translation using the negative hybrid selection technique. Five different
      antisense oligonucleotides (18-mers) corresponding to different portions of the
      B19 genome were hybridized to RNA samples extracted from human erythroid bone
      marrow cells infected with B19 parvovirus in vitro, and RNase H was added to
      cleave specific B19 RNA molecules at selected sites. B19-specific translation
      products of these RNA samples were determined by immunoprecipitation. We
      localized the B19 nonstructural protein to the left-side transcript and the two
      capsid proteins to overlapping transcripts from the right side of the genome.

PMID- 3373574
TI  - Comparison of expression in hemopoietic cells by retroviral vectors carrying two
      genes.
AB  - In order to identify factors that influence expression by retroviral vectors in
      hemopoietic cells, we have compared viral RNA levels in cells infected with
      several different recombinant viruses. All of the vectors tested carry the
      neomycin resistance gene and provide for the insertion of a second gene which, in
      these studies, comprised sequences from the myc or myb oncogenes or the gene
      encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The vectors utilize
      two different strategies for the coexpression of the two genes: alternate
      splicing and the use of a separate internal promoter. We found that expression in
      hemopoietic cells could be increased by substituting sequences from the
      myeloproliferative sarcoma virus long terminal repeat for those of the Moloney
      murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. However, none of the vectors examined
      was able to express a second gene at levels equivalent to those achieved by the
      parental vectors carrying only the neomycin resistance gene. The reasons for this
      varied with the different vectors and included inefficient splicing and/or a
      reduction in the level of unspliced transcripts upon insertion of a second gene.
      Although the basis of the latter phenomenon is not clear, it is probably related
      to the position--near the 5' long terminal repeat--at which the second gene was
      inserted, since insertion of the same genes near the 3' end of another vector had
      no effect on viral RNA levels. In an attempt to circumvent some of these
      problems, we constructed a vector that employs an internal beta-actin promoter.
      Although this vector could express granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor sequences in a responsive hemopoietic cell line, the level of granulocyte
      macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced was disappointingly low. The
      results from these studies suggest approaches to the design of improved vectors
      for effective expression of genes in hemopoietic cells.

PMID- 3373577
TI  - The current status of undergraduate urological teaching.
AB  - At the request of the Society of University Urologists a survey of urological
      teaching at 113 United States medical schools was done. The most distressing
      finding was that more than two-thirds (68 per cent) of the schools do not require
      any clinical exposure to urology before graduation. In view of the fact that
      urology is rarely, if ever, taught in any of the primary care disciplines after
      graduation, it is suggested that patient care may well suffer for this
      shortcoming in our medical education curriculum.

PMID- 3373578
TI  - Retrograde percutaneous nephrolithotomy: urological treatment of a urological
      problem.
AB  - We present our experience during a 22-month period with the retrograde approach
      to gain renal access for percutaneous stone removal in 71 consecutive patients.
      The retrograde puncture technique is fast and accurate, and it allows the
      physician to perform a 1-stage operation, saving the patient time, frustration
      and expense. The Lawson technique was used in all patients and it was successful
      in all but 2. In those 2 patients the Hawkins-Hunter technique was successful.
      There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications related to this
      approach. Except for 1 patient who suffered a post-procedure pulmonary embolus,
      no transfusions were required. The targeted stone was removed in 1 procedure in
      61 of 71 patients (86 per cent). Ten patients required another procedure to
      remove the targeted stone or a second stone. Percutaneous procedures still are
      required for certain stone problems or when extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
      is not readily available. The ability of the urologist to perform this easy
      procedure will allow him more choice in how to manage stone patients.

PMID- 3373579
TI  - Surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with intracaval neoplastic extension
      above the hepatic veins.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermia, temporary cardiac arrest and exsanguination
      represent the next logical step in the evolutionary management of intracaval
      neoplastic extension with renal cell carcinoma. This method of management
      provides control of the circulation of the entire body and allows for careful
      dissection in a bloodless field with less risk of embolization. From 1981 to
      1986, 15 patients were treated with intracaval neoplastic extension of renal cell
      carcinoma above the level of the most inferior hepatic veins. In 6 patients
      mobilization of the vena cava with division of the hepatic veins to the caudate
      lobe allowed excision of the tumor and tumor thrombus without cardiopulmonary
      bypass (group 1). The remaining 9 patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and
      hypothermia (group 2). There was 1 postoperative mortality in the entire group.
      Most patients had advanced regional disease but the feasibility of this technique
      has been demonstrated. Survival appeared to be less in the bypass group. Although
      some of the patients have had metastatic disease, the quality of life and
      survival have been prolonged in many of these acutely ill patients.

PMID- 3373580
TI  - Metastatic renal cell cancer and radical nephrectomy: identification of
      prognostic factors and patient survival.
AB  - Between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 1980 (followup 2 years or more) 158
      patients with histologically proved metastatic renal cell cancer and no prior
      therapy were seen. Statistical analyses identified variables that significantly
      influenced survival, including grade of the primary lesion (p equals 0.002),
      weight loss of more than 10 per cent (p less than 0.0001) and multiple versus
      single metastases (p equals 0.0001). Cell type, soft tissue versus bone
      metastasis, age, sex, site and size of primary lesion, and delay in the diagnosis
      did not influence survival significantly. Adjuvant nephrectomy markedly
      influenced survival only in patients with solitary metastasis, low grade primary
      tumor and weight loss of less than 10 per cent (p equals 0.06). Based on this
      analysis a score system was constructed to help predict survival and the impact
      of new forms of therapy in the future.

PMID- 3373581
TI  - The transvesical approach for the removal of distal ureteral calculi.
AB  - Our experience with a modification of transvesical ureterolithotomy in 12
      patients in whom endourological extraction failed is presented and the technique
      is described. Successful removal of stones was achieved in all patients with 1
      significant postoperative complication of a perivesical hematoma, which was
      drained percutaneously. Excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography at 3
      months and 1 year postoperatively demonstrated no ureteral stricture or
      vesicoureteral reflux. When removal of distal ureteral stones by endourological
      means or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy fails, we recommend transvesical
      ureterolithotomy as an easy and rapid approach that necessitates minimal
      dissection away from blood vessels and avoids manipulation or displacement of the
      ureteral orifice.

PMID- 3373582
TI  - Percutaneous removal of renal and ureteral stones with and without concomitant
      transurethral manipulation by a urologist using antegrade and retrograde
      techniques without a radiologist's assistance.
AB  - Single-stage percutaneous removal of 59 ureteral and 72 renal stones, with or
      without transurethral manipulation, was performed in 84 of 85 consecutive
      patients without the assistance of a radiologist. The Hawkins-Hunter retrograde
      nephrostomy technique was modified by anchoring the catheter in the renal
      parenchyma, which prevented displacement from the targeted calix by the
      puncturing needle. Retrograde nephrostomy (76 patients) or percutaneous puncture
      (7) was established, for a combined access rate of 99 per cent in 83 patients (2
      of the 85 had prior tube placement). Only 1 patient (early in the series in 1982)
      required an open operation because of percutaneous access failure. Tomography
      showed that the targeted calculi were removed completely from 61 of 66 patients
      (92 per cent) with uncomplicated stones and 13 of 19 (68 per cent) with
      complicated stones. The patients left with fragments have remained asymptomatic
      for a mean followup of 2.6 years. Because the concomitant use of transurethral
      and percutaneous approaches to stone removal was facilitated by retrograde
      nephrostomy, all 59 ureteral stones were removed completely from 46 patients. The
      mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.6 days for 66 patients with uncomplicated
      stones and 8.2 days for 19 with complicated stones. The Hawkins-Hunter retrograde
      nephrostomy technique is the preferred method to establish the tract; it
      facilitates simultaneous transurethral stone manipulation and the assistance of a
      radiologist is not essential for safe and effective nephrostolithotomy.

PMID- 3373583
TI  - Use of a prototype 3F electrohydraulic electrode with ureteroscopy for treatment
      of ureteral calculous disease.
AB  - A 3F electrohydraulic electrode was used with flexible ureteroscopy to treat
      upper urinary tract calculi in 18 patients. Of 21 procedures performed 10
      involved retrograde passage of the ureteroscope and 11 consisted of antegrade
      procedures with percutaneous nephrostomy access. Complete fragmentation was
      achieved in 19 of the 21 procedures. In 1 patient bilateral renal caliceal
      diverticular calculi were treated with the electrohydraulic electrode used to
      open initially the diverticular orifice. Minor complications included retained
      stone fragments and small ureteral perforations. No serious complications
      resulted from the lithotripsy and no patient required an open operation. Flexible
      ureteroscopy, retrograde or antegrade, appears to offer access to upper tract
      stones not treated reliably with rigid ureteroscopy. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy
      with this small 3F probe appears to be a safe and effective means to treat upper
      urinary tract stones.

PMID- 3373584
TI  - Treatment of ureteral calculi by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy at a multi
      use center.
AB  - We reviewed our experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy therapy in
      138 patients who presented with mid and upper ureteral calculi. In the patients
      who had successful stone manipulation back into the renal collecting system the
      success rate was significantly higher compared to that for stones treated
      primarily within the ureter (92.8 versus 80.8 per cent, p less than 0.05). Among
      the stones treated within the ureter the success rates appeared to be similar for
      stones treated in situ (83.3 per cent) compared to those treated when a catheter
      could be placed alongside the calculus (79.3 per cent). Higher voltage and more
      shock waves were administered to stones treated within the ureter compared to
      stones that were manipulated back into the kidney. However, this increase power
      did not enhance the success rate. In addition, it appears that a plain film of
      the abdomen obtained within 24 hours of lithotripsy treatment is a good predictor
      of success as defined by the rate free of stones at 6 weeks of followup. Our
      results from a community-based multi-use lithotripsy center suggest that ureteral
      stone manipulation should be attempted before extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy for mid and upper ureteral calculi.

PMID- 3373585
TI  - Management of ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures: comparison of open
      surgical and endourological repair.
AB  - The established treatment for ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures is open
      surgical revision. In an effort to evaluate the efficacy of endourological
      surgery for this problem, we compared 7 patients (9 strictures) who underwent
      open revision to 6 patients (7 strictures) who underwent endoscopic incision and
      balloon dilation of the stricture. The success rate (that is patent ureter and no
      stent) was 89 per cent for the open revision group and 71 per cent (5 of 7) for
      the endoscopic group. All open revisions required use of general anesthesia,
      while 3 of the endoscopic procedures were performed with the patient under
      assisted local anesthesia. The endoscopic group had markedly shorter
      hospitalization, decreased blood loss, diminished patient discomfort and no
      postoperative complications. While the endoscopic procedure for ureteroileal
      anastomotic strictures is less successful than open revision, the lower
      morbidity, decreased cost and shorter hospital stay associated with the
      endourological approach favor its use over open revision. For elderly patients
      who fail initial endoscopic revision and for patients with metastatic
      transitional cell cancer, placement of an indwelling stent is a reasonable
      alternative. Given these guidelines, less than 30 per cent of the patients who
      suffer a ureteroileal anastomotic stricture will require open surgical revision.

PMID- 3373586
TI  - Mucosal morphology and histochemistry of the continent cecal reservoir for urine.
AB  - Biopsy studies were made of the continent cecal reservoir and its ileal nipple
      valve in 13 patients with up to 9 years of postoperative observation. The
      morphology of the cecal mucosa was well preserved, showing only minor atrophy
      with slightly reduced villous height. Nonprogressive increase of inflammatory
      cells was found interstitially and there was a slight increase of collagen
      fibers. Histochemical studies revealed a shift, probably originating soon after
      the urinary diversion, from sulfomucins to sialomucins in most patients.
      Presumably, this shift was a secondary, nonspecific phenomenon. No correlation
      was found between the type of mucin and the result of urine culture. Ileal valve
      biopsies revealed severe mucosal atrophy and a considerable increase in the
      amount of collagen fibers.

PMID- 3373587
TI  - A comparative study of perioperative complications with Kock pouch urinary
      diversion in highly irradiated versus nonirradiated patients.
AB  - To define the nature and risk of complications associated with Kock pouch urinary
      diversion after high dose radiation (more than 4,500 rad), we analyzed the
      clinical course of 44 irradiated patients and a comparable group of 42 selected
      retrospectively from the nonirradiated patient cohort. Of the 42 patients in the
      irradiated group 18 had received 4,500 to 5,700 rad and 24 had received 6,000 to
      8,700 rad. With standard statistical methods we found no difference between the
      irradiated and control groups when compared for age, sex ratio, followup
      interval, surgical procedure, operative time or estimated blood loss. There were
      2 operative mortalities in the irradiated and 1 in the control groups. In the
      immediate postoperative period there was no difference between the irradiated and
      control groups when compared for hospital stay, incidence of urine leak or
      fascial dehiscence. The irradiated group had 8 urine leaks (20 per cent) and 3
      patients (7.5 per cent) required surgical repair. The control group had 5 urine
      leaks and 1 patient (2.3 per cent) required repair. Diarrhea severe enough to
      require further hospitalization or medication was significantly more frequent in
      the irradiated group (18 versus 2 per cent) but the postoperative stay was not
      significantly different (13 versus 11 days). We conclude that Kock pouch urinary
      diversion may be performed safely in highly irradiated patients.

PMID- 3373588
TI  - Long-term results of cystolysis (supratrigonal denervation) of the bladder for
      intractable interstitial cystitis.
AB  - Cystolysis (supratrigonal denervation) of the bladder has had enough reported
      success to encourage clinical use. We performed cystolysis in 11 patients with
      long-term followup. Only 1 patient has remained free of symptoms, 3 had
      improvement in pain but continue to have frequency and nocturia, and 7 failed
      treatment. The poor long-term results are discussed.

PMID- 3373589
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy of bladder cancer: a preliminary report.
AB  - Adjuvant combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and
      cisplatin was administered to 36 patients after cystectomy for bladder cancer.
      Therapy was tolerated well except for 1 patient who suffered a fatal chemotherapy
      complication. Indications for adjuvant chemotherapy included vascular invasion of
      the primary tumor, perivesicular tumor involvement, invasion of adjacent pelvic
      viscera (vagina and prostate) and nodal metastases. There were 53 concurrently
      treated patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy despite similar
      unfavorable pathological indications (high risk control group). Survival rates
      (61 and 73 per cent, respectively) were not significantly different for those
      patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and an additional group of 158
      patients who underwent cystectomy during the study period but who had no adverse
      pathological findings (low risk control group). Survival rates differed
      significantly between the low risk (73 per cent) and high risk (38 per cent)
      control groups (p less than 0.001). Patients with unfavorable histological
      findings who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant survival advantage
      over the high risk control groups (61 versus 38 per cent, p equals 0.03). These
      data confirm the predictive value of post-cystectomy pathological findings and
      suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and
      cisplatin not only prolongs the survival free of disease for patients at high
      risk for recurrence but it also may ultimately increase the cure fraction of such
      patients.

PMID- 3373590
TI  - Intravesical therapy of noninvasive bladder tumors (stage Ta) with doxorubicin:
      initial treatment results and the long-term course.
AB  - A total of 64 consecutive patients with noninvasive bladder tumors (stage Ta)
      between 1977 and 1983 underwent treatment with intravesical instillation of
      doxorubicin. The total response rate was 85 per cent and 57 per cent of the
      patients had a complete response after 16 weekly instillations. Half of the
      patients with a complete response had recurrences within 12 to 16 months. Ten per
      cent of all patients had an invasive tumor during the observation period. We
      conclude that doxorubicin can render some patients with noninvasive bladder
      tumors (stage Ta) free of disease but there currently is nothing to indicate that
      the same results could not be obtained by transurethral resection.

PMID- 3373591
TI  - Unsuspected prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients who have undergone radical
      cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
AB  - In 45 of 165 male cystectomy patients with bladder cancer (27 per cent)
      incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate was found during the diagnostic
      evaluation or histological examination of the cystoprostatectomy specimens. Of
      the patients 37 had stage A1 or A2 and 8 had stage C or D1 prostate cancer.
      Clinical presentation, stage and grade distributions for each primary and
      prognostic variable are reviewed. Over-all, 67 per cent of the patients currently
      are alive with a 3-year actuarial survival rate of 60 per cent. The presence of
      incidental stage C or D1 prostate cancer in the surgical specimen implies
      incomplete surgical excision and it may warrant additional postoperative
      treatment. However, a significantly increased mortality rate among these patients
      has not been identified during the limited median followup of 25 months.

PMID- 3373592
TI  - Treatment of impotence due to perineal venous leakage by ligation of crura penis.
AB  - Perineal venous leakage is a cause of impotence that is demonstrated easily by
      dynamic cavernosography. Perineal ligation of the crura penis was done in 13
      patients with this type of impotence. Nine patients achieved satisfactory
      intercourse and 3 had sufficient erection after intracavernous self-injections of
      papaverine. Implantation of a penile prosthesis was required in only 1 patient.
      Ligation of the crura penis is a simple operation that seems to be efficient in
      the treatment of impotence owing to perineal venous leakage.

PMID- 3373593
TI  - Transrectal fine needle biopsy of the prostate: combined histological and
      cytological technique.
AB  - Transrectal fine needle biopsy was performed on 50 patients with suspicious
      prostatic examinations using the Surecut and Chiba needles. The 21 gauge Surecut
      needle provided a core of tissue for routine histology in 42 of 50 patients (84
      per cent) as well as cells for cytology in 46 of 50 (92 per cent). This was in
      contrast to positive cytology results with the 22 gauge Chiba needle in 44 of 50
      patients (88 per cent). Fourteen cancers were detected: 12 by Surecut histology,
      11 by Surecut cytology and 10 by Chiba cytology testing, for sensitivity rates of
      86, 79 and 71 per cent, respectively. Our results indicate that the 21 gauge
      Surecut needle provides cytology results equivalent to the 22 gauge Chiba needle.
      However, the Surecut needle has the added advantage of providing a core of tissue
      for routine histological study, and it can be used safely as an outpatient
      procedure on unprepared bowel.

PMID- 3373594
TI  - Morphometric and clinical studies on 68 consecutive radical prostatectomies.
AB  - Morphometric reconstructions of 68 consecutive radical prostatectomies were
      analyzed for cancer volume, extent of complete capsular penetration, microscopic
      seminal vesicle and lymph node invasion, and histological differentiation, all of
      which were strongly interrelated. At less than 3.0 cc cancer volume, only 6 of 34
      prostates (18 per cent) showed capsular penetration compared to 27 of 34 (79 per
      cent) with tumors of greater than 3.0 cc. Seminal vesicle invasion occurred once
      in 34 tumors of less than 3.0 cc and 15 times in those greater than 3.0 cc. All 6
      patients with metastases to lymph nodes, 2 with early postoperative development
      of bone metastases and 4 of 5 with reappearance of detectable prostate specific
      antigen postoperatively had cancer volumes of greater than 4.0 cc. Correlation of
      digital rectal examination with cancer volume showed that of 39 palpable nodules
      in prostates with a cancer volume of less than 4.0 cc 30 (77 per cent) occupied
      50 per cent or less of the length of 1 lobe (clinical stage B1 in our
      classification). Of 22 palpable lesions in tumors of greater than 4.0 cc 21 (95
      per cent) exceeded 50 per cent of 1 lobe in the longitudinal extension (stage B2)
      or they represented bilaterally palpable disease (stage B3). Capsular penetration
      into the periprostatic fat occurred most commonly in the dorsolateral area of the
      neurovascular bundle, including 10 of 12 tumors less than 4.0 cc in volume (stage
      B1) and 19 of 21 with greater than 4.0 cc in tumor volume (stages B2 and B3). All
      10 of the stage B1 cancers were free of contralateral lobe capsular penetration
      while 1 of the 13 stage B2 nodules had minimal contralateral capsule penetration
      in the area of the neurovascular bundle. We believe that the modified nerve
      sparing radical prostatectomy should be limited to the contralateral side in
      stage B disease.

PMID- 3373595
TI  - The value of testosterone deprivation in stage D1 carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - The question of whether hormonal manipulation is effective in the treatment of
      stage D1 carcinoma of the prostate has yet to be determined conclusively. To
      study this question a retrospective review was conducted of 68 patients with
      stage D1 disease. Of the patients 22 underwent immediate orchiectomy, 24 delayed
      orchiectomy and 11 exogenous antiandrogen treatment (8 immediate and 3 delayed
      treatment), and 11 had no androgen deprivation. The patients were placed into 2
      groups consisting of those receiving immediate hormonal deprivation (30) and
      those having treatment at the time of bone metastasis or who are as yet untreated
      (38). The minimum followup was 60 months. The median interval to progression to
      bone metastasis was 43 months in the delayed treatment group compared to 100
      months in the immediate hormonal deprivation group. This difference was
      statistically significant (p equals 0.0087). Likewise, the median period from
      diagnosis to death was 90 months in the delayed treatment group and 150 months in
      the immediate treatment group. This difference was not significant (p equals
      0.1110). Thus, orchiectomy or adequate androgen deprivation from our data
      significantly prolongs the interval to bone metastasis in patients with
      metastatic prostate cancer limited to the pelvic lymph nodes. The apparent
      increased length of survival of the immediate treatment group lacks statistical
      confirmation.

PMID- 3373596
TI  - Inguinal hernia in urological patients: the value of herniography.
AB  - The value of herniography was reviewed in 45 patients with a variety of
      urological symptoms (4 with flank pain, 20 with pain from the funicle or scrotum,
      11 with symptoms simulating prostatitis and 10 with ill-defined symptoms from the
      small pelvis). In no patient was a groin hernia palpable at physical examination.
      However, herniography revealed an inguinal hernia in 6 patients who underwent
      herniorrhaphy, whereafter 5 became asymptomatic. We recommend herniography in
      patients with long-standing obscure groin pain to reveal the presence of a
      nonpalpable inguinal hernia.

PMID- 3373597
TI  - Creation of an ileocolic bladder after cystectomy.
AB  - A divided segment of ileum and colon is used to create a neobladder after
      cystectomy with a cecourethral anastomosis to provide volitional voiding with
      continence. Such a bladder provides for good sensation with a large low pressure
      reservoir and an antireflux ureteral anastomosis. The standard nerve-sparing
      cystoprostatectomy is performed and no segment of the bladder or prostate is left
      to compromise the cancer operation. In female or male patients with diffuse
      carcinoma in situ a similar reservoir with a plicated ileocutaneous anastomosis
      also can provide continence with intermittent catheterization. Four patients with
      a urethral anastomosis have day and nighttime continence, and 2 with a cutaneous
      stoma have 4 to 5-hour dry intervals. Ultimately, it is possible for a patient to
      void with good urinary control and to have sexual function after cystectomy.

PMID- 3373598
TI  - Correction of severe penile curves with tunica albuginea autografts.
AB  - Nesbit's technique of excising ellipses of the tunica albuginea has been
      effective in correcting penile curvatures. When this procedure is used for severe
      angulations, penile shortening can be significant. We report the use of Nesbit
      ellipses autografted to the contralateral corpus for correction of severe penile
      curvatures in 3 men. This method resulted in a straight penis with minimal
      shortening.

PMID- 3373599
TI  - Ureteral necrosis in dermatomyositis.
AB  - We describe a child with dermatomyositis and calcified necrosis in the middle
      third of both ureters. Histopathological examination showed vasculitis associated
      with ureteral necrosis and calcification. These findings together with a similar
      previous report in the literature have prompted us to correlate dermatomyositis
      in childhood with ureteral necrosis and to anticipate specifically a lesion in
      the middle third of the ureter because of the relative lack of blood flow in that
      segment.

PMID- 3373600
TI  - Vesical neck reconstruction in patients with epispadias-exstrophy.
AB  - Vesical neck reconstruction was performed in 50 male and 12 female patients with
      the epispadias-exstrophy complex. Of these patients 45 had epispadias and 17 had
      classical exstrophy. Patient age ranged from 3 to 27 years, with a mean age of
      12.6 years. Followup after vesical neck reconstruction averaged 11.6 years. Of
      the 45 patients with epispadias 35 (78 per cent) and of the 17 with bladder
      exstrophy 13 (76 per cent) are continent, for an over-all continence rate of 77
      per cent. An adequate bladder capacity was one of the most important determinants
      of continence. In 11 patients with a small capacity or poorly compliant bladder
      augmentation cystoplasty was combined with vesical neck reconstruction to
      increase vesical capacity and to produce complete urinary continence.

PMID- 3373601
TI  - Urethral replacement with ureter.
AB  - Proximal or total urethral replacement was performed in 8 patients using distal
      ureter. This was accomplished by basing the ureteral segment solely on a vascular
      pedicle arising from the internal iliac artery. Diagnoses included classical
      bladder exstrophy in 4 patients, cloacal exstrophy in 3 and an imperforate anus
      with hypoplasia of the bladder neck and urethra in 1. Continence was achieved by
      a tunneled submucosal reimplantation into either the bladder (4 cases), gastric
      reservoir (2) or colonic reservoir (2). Although an isolated distal segment of
      ureter was used in each case, all segments have remained viable. With limited
      followup (5 to 44 months) continence with either normal voiding or intermittent
      catheterization has been achieved in 7 of the 8 patients. A distal ureteral
      segment should be considered potentially useful in the construction or
      reconstruction of the proximal (male) or total (female) urethra in patients with
      congenital urethral malformations.

PMID- 3373602
TI  - Ureteral calculi: treatment in transition.

PMID- 3373603
TI  - Gouty diathesis and sarcoidosis in patient with recurrent calcium
      nephrolithiasis.
AB  - We describe a patient who initially formed calcium-containing renal stones owing
      to gouty diathesis and hypocitraturia. On therapy with 300 mg. allopurinol and 60
      mEq. potassium citrate daily serum uric acid decreased from 9.2 to 5.8 mg. per
      dl., urinary pH increased from less than 5.5 to 6.6 and urinary citrate increased
      from 223 to 1,005 mg. per day. Four months later while still on this medical
      regimen, the patient presented with hypercalcemia (13.4 mg. per dl.), high serum
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (65 pg. per ml.) and hypercalciuria (598 mg. per day),
      which subsequently were found to result from sarcoidosis. Prednisone therapy
      normalized the disturbances in calcium metabolism. During 33 months of combined
      treatment with 7.5 to 10 mg. prednisone a day, allopurinol and potassium citrate,
      the patient was free of stones and he had normal urinary calcium, pH and citrate.
      However, a calcium stone formed 1 month after discontinuation of prednisone
      therapy, although treatment with allopurinol and potassium citrate was continued.
      The patient had marked hypercalciuria of 447 to 465 mg. per day, despite normal
      urinary pH, citrate and uric acid. This case represents calcium stone formation
      in a patient with 2 separate etiologies for stone disease, that is gouty
      diathesis and sarcoidosis. Therapeutic regimens directed at the correction of
      both metabolic disturbances were required to control renal stone formation.

PMID- 3373605
TI  - Transluminal repair of large intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - Renal arteriovenous fistulas may be treated with radiological embolization or
      surgical ablation. Although recent reports in the literature have proposed
      embolization as the treatment of choice for renal arteriovenous fistulas, this
      form of therapy can be associated with significant morbidity in large
      arteriovenous communications. We report 3 cases of a large intrarenal
      arteriovenous fistula treated by transparenchymal repair. This technique offers
      an excellent method of obliterating the fistula without sacrificing the renal
      parenchyma.

PMID- 3373604
TI  - Asymptomatic nephrocutaneous fistula: a report of 2 cases.
AB  - We report 2 rare cases of a spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula. The diagnosis
      was made incidentally during hospitalization for other reasons. The role of
      calculus in the etiological pathogenesis of nephrocutaneous fistula is
      emphasized. Although classically surgical treatment is indicated a more
      conservative approach can be advocated in some asymptomatic cases.

PMID- 3373606
TI  - Hematuria caused by infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava.
AB  - We report a case of infrahepatic absence of the inferior vena cava, which was
      believed to be the cause of painless gross hematuria. Diagnosis was based on the
      results of computerized tomography and venacavography. Hemodynamic studies showed
      normal pressure in the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and portal vein.

PMID- 3373607
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser treatment of cystitis glandularis.
AB  - We report a case of severe cystitis glandularis of the entire bladder, which
      caused a large retrovesical mass and bilateral hydronephrosis. Treatment included
      whole bladder neodymium:YAG laser therapy, a technique not previously reported
      for this extent of disease. The etiology, diagnosis, treatment and malignant
      potential of cystitis glandularis are discussed.

PMID- 3373608
TI  - Malacoplakia of the urethra.
AB  - We report a case of urethral malacoplakia associated with disease of the bladder
      and bladder neck. Treatment consisted of fulguration of the bladder lesions and
      excision of the urethral lesion. Unlike most other cases of genitourinary
      malacoplakia, which are associated with chronic urinary tract infection, this
      patient had sterile urine and no history of urinary tract infections. Urethral
      malacoplakia is reviewed, and the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease are
      discussed.

PMID- 3373609
TI  - Bowenoid papulosis of the penis: successful management with neodymium:YAG laser.
AB  - Bowenoid papulosis of the penis is a recently described entity that clinically
      resembles benign verruca-like papular lesions but, histologically, it is
      identical to carcinoma in situ, Bowen's disease or erythroplasia of Queyrat.
      Although a few cases of spontaneous regression of bowenoid papulosis in men have
      been reported, conservative therapy, consisting of topical 5-fluorouracil,
      electrodissection or excision, is recommended. With these treatment modalities
      recurrences are not uncommon. We report 2 cases of extensive bowenoid papulosis
      of the penis treated successfully without scarring with the neodymium-yttrium
      aluminum-garnet laser.

PMID- 3373610
TI  - An infertile man with a 45X karyotype.
AB  - We describe an infertile man with normal secondary sexual characteristics and a
      45X karyotype. Physical examination showed bilateral soft small testes and the
      semen contained no sperm. Serum testosterone, estrogen and gonadotropin levels
      were within normal range. Biopsy of the testis showed germinal aplasia.

PMID- 3373611
TI  - Urological manifestations of acute appendicitis.
AB  - The diagnosis of appendicitis may be difficult to establish even for the
      experienced surgeon. Considerable variability in presenting symptoms and signs,
      resulting in part from the numerous locations in which the appendix may be found,
      contributes to diagnostic insecurity. Appendicitis that mimics acute disorders of
      the genitourinary tract is a rare cause of diagnostic confusion. The association
      of appendicitis with abnormal urinary sediment or ureteral obstruction has been
      reported previously. We report 3 cases of proved appendicitis that presented with
      other symptoms suggestive of acute urological disorders (gross hematuria, acute
      prostatis and acute pyelonephritis). While gross hematuria caused by appendicitis
      has been reported previously, cases of appendicitis mimicking acute prostatitis
      or rupture of a renal calix with extravasation of urine following ureteral
      obstruction have not been described. Recognition of unusual manifestations of
      appendicitis is essential in current surgical practice. Appendicitis should be
      included in the differential diagnosis of acute urological disorders.

PMID- 3373612
TI  - Effect of chronic atropine administration on the rat urinary bladder.
AB  - Micturition is accomplished via a coordinated contraction of the urinary bladder
      body mediated primarily by muscarinic receptor stimulation. Theoretically,
      bladder function may be modified by pharmacologically altering either the
      muscarinic receptor density and/or the magnitude of the response to receptor
      activation. In the central nervous system, autonomic receptor density can be
      modified by chronic administration of specific receptor agonists and antagonists.
      The chronic administration of receptor agonists induces a decrease in the
      specific receptor density whereas the chronic administration of antagonists
      induces an increase in the specific receptor density. Although these induced
      alterations in receptor density occur in the CNS, there have been few studies on
      peripheral tissue. For the current study, we have administered L-atropine
      chronically to rats (five mg./kg./day) using implanted osmotic pumps. Using
      direct radioligand binding techniques, the muscarinic receptor density of the rat
      brain (cortex) and urinary bladder were determined following six hours, 12 hours,
      one, two, four, seven, 11 and 14 days of atropine administration. In addition, we
      have also determined the effect of atropine administration on bladder weight and
      the response of isolated strips of the bladder to bethanechol, a specific
      muscarinic agonist. For both the brain and the bladder, the receptor density
      increased progressively and reached a maximum by seven days. At 14 days of
      atropine administration, the density of muscarinic receptors in rat brain
      increased significantly (p less than .05) from 2956 +/-74 fmoles/mg. protein to
      3800 +/-170 fmoles/mg. protein. The muscarinic receptor density of the rat
      urinary bladder increased significantly from 115 +/-10 fmole/mg. protein to 165
      +/-14 fmole/mg. protein. Although there was a 42% increase in bladder mass, the
      contractile response of isolated strips to bethanechol did not change
      significantly. This study demonstrates that the urinary bladder can respond to
      the chronic administration of atropine with a significant increase in the density
      of muscarinic receptors. The magnitude of the increase observed was slightly
      greater than the magnitude observed for muscarinic receptors isolated from the
      brain cortex.

PMID- 3373613
TI  - The effects of short-term in-vivo ischemia on the contractile function of the
      rabbit urinary bladder.
AB  - The proper functioning of any smooth muscle requires adequate perfusion with
      oxygen and nutrients. Ischemia compromises both these factors and results in
      dysfunction, the extent depending on the degree and duration of ischemia. This
      study determined the effects of one, two and four weeks in vivo ischemia on the
      capacity, compliance and contractile function of the rabbit urinary bladder.
      Morphological changes were also studied with light microscopy. Different degrees
      of ischemia were achieved as follows. In the unilateral group the vesical artery
      was tied on one side and the animals were sacrificed at one week or two weeks. In
      the bilateral group the vesical arteries on both sides were tied and the animals
      were sacrificed one week later. In the bilateral staged group the vesical artery
      was tied on one side and after one week the contralateral artery was ligated, and
      the animals sacrificed one week after the second procedure. Muscle strips were
      studied for contractile response, with a distinction being made between the
      ipsilateral and contralateral side of vessel ligation in the unilateral group.
      The results were as follows. 1) In the unilateral group there was a 72% reduction
      in the contractile response of the dome of the bladder to bethanecol on the side
      of vessel ligation and a 32% reduction on the contralateral side. The response to
      methoxamine on the base was reduced by 44%, with no difference between the
      ipsilateral and contralateral side. 2) Bilateral vessel ligation resulted in a
      97% reduction in contractile response to bethanechol on the dome and a 75% in the
      response of the base to methoxamine. 3) Staged bilateral ligation resulted in a
      69% reduction in the contractile response of the dome to bethanechol and a 18%
      reduction in the response of the base to methoxamine. Ischemia caused a marked
      reduction in the compliance and capacity of the bladder in all the three groups,
      with the most marked changes in the bilateral group. Multiple spontaneous
      contractions were noted in the three groups during the filling phase of the
      cystometrograms. Histological features correlated well with the functional
      changes in the different groups.

PMID- 3373614
TI  - The ultrastructure of transitional cell carcinomas of the human urinary bladder
      treated with ethoglucid or mitomycin.
AB  - Electron microscopy studies of the ultrastructure of bladder carcinoma treated by
      intravesical instillation of ethoglucid and mitomycin are described. Ethoglucid
      acts mainly by disrupting cells' intercellular bonds. Mitomycin acts on the cell
      nucleus. It is suggested that these differences in action form a basis for
      sequential therapy.

PMID- 3373615
TI  - Cystometrical and in vitro evaluation of urinary bladder function in rats with
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
AB  - Micturition pattern and cystometric characteristics were determined in control
      rats, and in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (six weeks duration). The
      diabetic rats had an increased frequency of micturition, an increased micturition
      volume, and an increased 24 hr. urinary output. The cystometry showed that the
      diabetic bladders had an increased compliance and a higher threshold volume for
      initiating a micturition reflex. No spontaneous rhythmic contractions were seen
      during the filling phase, and no residual urine could be detected. While
      micturition pressure increased, the micturition time was virtually unaltered. In
      vitro a right-ward shift for passive and active length-tension relations was
      noted. The observed changes in cystometric characteristics and length-tension
      relations might probably be explained on the basis of adaptive changes to the
      increased diuresis involving both sensory and motor control of the urinary
      bladder.

PMID- 3373617
TI  - Study of the factors affecting blood viscosity in patients with thromboangiitis
      obliterans. A preliminary report.
AB  - Hematocrit values, plasma fibrinogen levels, and erythrocyte deformability are
      well-recognized factors affecting blood viscosity. We studied the incidence of
      abnormalities in these factors among 17 patients suffering from thromboangiitis
      obliterans (Buerger's disease) compared with 14 normal age- and sex-matched
      control subjects. Hematocrit values and fibrinogen levels were higher, whereas
      the erythrocyte filterability index was lower among the patients with Buerger's
      disease (p less than 0.001). Incubation of washed erythrocytes from these
      patients with control plasma of blood type AB produced an improvement of the
      filterability index (p less than 0.005). Our findings suggest that patients
      suffering from Buerger's disease show, in addition to the well-recognized
      arterial lesions, an abnormality in the factors affecting blood viscosity. This
      may contribute to a worsening of the clinical manifestations. Evidence is
      presented suggesting that a plasmatic factor may be responsible for the impaired
      erythrocyte filterability.

PMID- 3373616
TI  - Plasma exchange after revascularization compartment syndrome with acute toxic
      nephropathy caused by rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - A 75-year-old man developed acute, fulminating compartment syndrome of the
      femoral and crural muscles together with acute toxic nephropathy caused by severe
      myoglobinemia after uncomplicated embolectomy of the common femoral artery. In
      addition to fasciotomies and administration of mannitol, sodium hydrogen
      bicarbonate, and furosemide, we performed plasma exchanges on three occasions.
      The urine and serum concentrations of myoglobin fell from above 180.0 and 50.0
      mg/dl, respectively, to 0.14 and 0.11 mg/dl after the third plasma exchange on
      the ninth day after admission. The serum creatinine concentration was normal on
      admission, peaked at 2.85 mg/dl, and returned to normal values at discharge. We
      suggest that plasma exchange may be considered an adjunct to conventional therapy
      of compartment syndrome with associated acute toxic nephropathy caused by
      myoglobinemia.

PMID- 3373618
TI  - Treatment of ischemia due to "steal" by arteriovenous fistula with distal artery
      ligation and revascularization.
AB  - Three cases are described of upper extremity ischemia occurring after the
      creation of fistulas (AVFs) (one case) and bridge AVFs (two cases) for
      hemodialysis access. All three cases were successfully treated with ligation of
      the artery immediately distal to the origin of the AVF in conjunction with a
      reversed saphenous vein bypass. The latter was constructed from the artery
      proximal to the origin of the fistula to the artery distal to the site of
      ligation. Preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic measurements and complete
      disappearance of symptoms indicated that this procedure corrected the ischemic
      steal phenomenon. Angioaccess function was not affected in these three cases,
      thereby allowing continuation of its use immediately after corrective surgery and
      for follow-up periods of 1 month, 6 months, and 8 years.

PMID- 3373619
TI  - Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomoses in cerebrovascular surgery.
AB  - Primitive embryonic anastomotic vessels between the internal carotid and basilar
      arterial systems occasionally persist into adult life. We encountered six such
      patients in a series of 765 carotid endarterectomies (0.8%). These arteries are
      named for the cranial nerves with which they run. The most commonly found vessel
      is the trigeminal artery, followed by the hypoglossal and proatlantal
      intersegmental arteries. The primitive otic artery is the rarest of the four
      anomalous vessels. These vessels are usually large and are associated with
      hypoplasia or aplasia of the normal intracranial anastomotic channels. Cerebral
      ischemia is common during temporary intraoperative carotid occlusion and was
      encountered in two of three patients who had intraoperative
      electroencephalographic monitoring. Thus cerebral ischemia should be anticipated
      during carotid cross-clamping and cerebral protective measures should be
      instituted when persistent primitive cranial vessels are encountered.

PMID- 3373620
TI  - Bypass grafts to the ankle and foot.
AB  - Two hundred forty-three bypasses to paramalleolar arteries were performed in 224
      extremities of 208 patients since 1971; 166 were implanted in men (68%) and 77 in
      women (32%). The median age was 73 years. Gangrene (61%), nonhealing ulcer (15%),
      rest pain (22%), and trauma (2%) were the indications for bypass. Usual risk
      factors were noted: diabetes (65%), smoking (51%), heart disease (46%), and
      hypertension (45%). The extent of occlusive disease dictated three graft
      configurations: long grafts originating in arteries proximal to the adductor
      tendon (n = 111), short grafts originating at or below the popliteal artery (n =
      88), and jump grafts originating near the distal end of a previous femorodistal
      bypass (n = 44). The association between diabetes (incidence 80%) and gangrene
      (75%) in patients with short grafts was statistically significant (p less than
      0.01). The 2-year secondary patency rate of long in situ grafts was 92% compared
      with 72% for other autogenous vein long grafts. The limb salvage rate for all
      autogenous vein long grafts was 90% at 3 years. The secondary patency rate at 3
      years for short grafts was 81% and the limb salvage rate was 80%. There were four
      amputations with patent grafts. Primary and secondary patency rates of jump
      grafts were similar (53%), whereas the limb salvage rate was 89% at 2 years.
      Patency and limb salvage rates of rarely employed nonautogenous conduits were
      less than 35% at 1 year (long grafts). Bypass grafts to the ankle and foot are
      effective and durable and should be performed with autogenous vein.

PMID- 3373621
TI  - Observations on cerebral computed tomography in patients having carotid
      endarterectomy.
AB  - A review was undertaken of all patients seen in our institution between January
      1978 and March 1987 in whom a cerebral CT scan was obtained in association with
      elective carotid endarterectomy. Three hundred fifty-nine such patients were
      identified. In a subgroup of 89 patients who were neurologically normal after
      carotid endarterectomy, scans were performed at least 48 hours after surgery to
      quantitate the incidence of silent postoperative infarction. These scans were
      interpreted by one neuroradiologist. Preoperative cerebral CT scans showed
      ipsilateral infarction in 146 of 359 patients (40.6%). Ipsilateral infarction was
      most common in patients with stroke (76%) but was also seen in 32.8% of patients
      with transient ischemic attacks, in 9 of 40 patients (22.5%) with nonhemispheric
      symptoms, and in 9 of 45 patients (20%) with asymptomatic hemodynamically
      significant carotid stenosis. The postoperative stroke rate was not significantly
      increased by the presence of infarct on preoperative cerebral CT scan (2.6% vs
      1.9%). New infarcts were seen on cerebral CT scanning after carotid
      endarterectomy in 2 of 89 patients with no detectable neurologic abnormality
      (2.3%). This study demonstrates a high frequency of ipsilateral infarction in
      patients having elective carotid endarterectomy, even in those patients with
      clinical symptom complexes thought by many physicians to be relatively benign
      (i.e., transient cerebral ischemia, nonhemispheric ischemia, and asymptomatic
      carotid stenoses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373622
TI  - Wound complications after in situ bypass.
AB  - In situ saphenous vein bypass presents unique problems in wound management. A
      retrospective analysis of wound complications occurring after in situ bypass was
      undertaken in 93 patients who had 98 operations. For purposes of statistical
      analysis, only the first procedure was considered in patients having bilateral
      bypass. Fifty-nine percent of patients were male; the average age was 69 years.
      Medical risk factors surveyed included diabetes (64%), hypertension (52%), and
      smoking (53%). Ninety-one percent of the procedures were done for limb salvage;
      the mean ankle-brachial index was 0.43. Sixty percent of bypasses were
      infrapopliteal, and the mean duration of surgery was 4.6 hours. Continuous
      incision was used to expose the vein in 59% of cases. Skin closure was effected
      with staples in 44% and with sutures or both in the remainder. The mean
      postoperative hospital stay was 27 days. Wound problems developed in 31 cases, 11
      of which were major. The thigh was the most common location. There was a
      significant association between continuous incision and anterior tibial bypass
      and wound complications. Anterior tibial bypass and staple closure were found to
      be independent predictors of wound problems with the use of stepwise logistic
      regression. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly prolonged; two bypasses
      failed and three lower extremities were amputated because of incisional
      complications. A discussion of the technical aspects of wound management is
      presented.

PMID- 3373623
TI  - Femoral anastomotic aneurysms: a continuing challenge.

PMID- 3373624
TI  - The noninvasive diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence.

PMID- 3373625
TI  - Periodontal disease in feral pigs (Sus scrofa) from Queensland, Australia.
AB  - Periodontal lesions were present in 26 of 107 feral pigs (Sus scrofa) that were
      shot in southern Queensland. The severity of the lesions varied from gingivitis
      to extensive destruction of the alveolus and its contents. Examination of
      slaughtered domestic pigs revealed a similar prevalence of lesions (12 of 52).
      Only cheek teeth were affected, and molars were affected more frequently than
      premolars. In both feral and domestic pigs, prevalence of periodontal disease
      affecting bone increased with age. Although periodontal disease is recognized as
      a common and often serious problem in many mammalian species, both domestic and
      wild, it has rarely been recorded in the pig. It is considered that the most
      severe lesions would have interfered with mastication but that the contribution
      of the disease to mortality of feral pigs in Australia is probably not great.

PMID- 3373626
TI  - Developmental ocular disease of raptors.
AB  - Sixteen raptors, including one eagle, two falcons, five hawks and eight owls,
      were found to have developmental ocular lesions. The most common lesion was
      microphthalmia. Other findings included cataract, microphakia, retinal dysplasia,
      malformation of the ciliary body, choroid and pecten, and lentoid formation.
      Specific causes for these lesions could not be determined. It is hypothesized
      that developmental ocular disease probably is more common than available reports
      indicate.

PMID- 3373627
TI  - Endogenous lipid pneumonia in opossums from Louisiana.
AB  - Endogenous lipid pneumonia was present in 19 of 27 opossums (Didelphis
      virginiana) trapped in the vicinity of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The severity of
      lesions varied from small pleural and subpleural aggregates of foamy macrophages
      with minimal disruption of pulmonary architecture to large nodular accumulations
      of foam cells with cholesterol clefts and localized emphysema. The cause of the
      lipid pneumonia may be related to pulmonary nematode parasite infections, which
      were evident in 13 of the affected animals.

PMID- 3373628
TI  - Hematology and serum chemistry values in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas).
AB  - Normal values and ranges for 31 clinical hematology and serum chemistry tests are
      reported for the beluga or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas). The values were
      collected over a 6-yr period from eight belugas maintained for display at Sea
      World (San Diego, California, USA) facilities and represent long-term evaluations
      for each animal in a controlled environment. They represent the first report for
      a number of serum chemistry values for the beluga. Normal values such as these
      provide an important data base from which to detect diagnostically important
      changes in health status for belugas in a zoological setting. They also establish
      a baseline from which to evaluate differences in normal values in free-ranging
      belugas and from which to diagnose disease problems in wild populations.

PMID- 3373629
TI  - Hematology and serum chemistry of the young Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus
      schauinslandi).
AB  - Between January 1984 and May 1987, blood samples were collected from 12 young (3-
      to 6-mo-old) Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) that were captured in
      the wild and held in captivity. All samples evaluated were from clinically normal
      animals. Average hematologic and serum chemistry values were not remarkable for a
      young diving mammal. The blood and serum analyses performed established reference
      ranges, which can be used as indicators of health status for this endangered
      species.

PMID- 3373630
TI  - Hematologic and blood chemical characteristics of feral horses from three
      management areas.
AB  - Blood was collected from 486 feral horses of mixed sex and age classes captured
      from three wild horse management areas in Nevada and Oregon from December 1985 to
      February 1986. Males were significantly outnumbered by females in the Flanigan
      area, but both sexes were represented in approximately equal numbers in the
      Wassuk and Beaty's Butte areas. Hematology and chemistry values averaged 16.4 +/-
      0.11, 46.3 +/- 0.28, 9.9 +/- 0.07, 6.9 +/- 0.10, 47.1 +/- 0.24, 16.6 +/- 0.09,
      35.2 +/- 0.09, 10.4 +/- 0.14 and 23.4 +/- 0.25 for hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit
      (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume
      (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin
      concentration (MCHC), cortisol (F) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN), respectively.
      Statistically significant differences in HGB, HCT, RBC, WBC, MCV and MCH levels
      occurred with respect to age (P less than or equal to 0.001). Serum F levels were
      lower in immature animals than in either subadult or adults in all areas.
      Flanigan horses appeared in the poorest condition and had the lowest HGB, HCT and
      RBC counts while the values for Wassuk horses were significantly higher (P less
      than or equal to 0.001). Serum F levels were lowest in the Flanigan horses. A
      significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.001) proportion of adult mares had
      progesterone levels consistent with pregnancy in the Flanigan horses versus those
      from the other two areas. These data are consistent with a subjective evaluation
      of the condition of the horses.

PMID- 3373631
TI  - Effects of botulism on ducks drinking saline water.
AB  - Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings (2 wk old) were given water from natural
      saline wetlands or fresh water as drinking water for 1 or 2 wk prior to, and
      after, receiving material containing Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. Water
      with conductivity ranging from 3,460 to 6,690 mu mhos/cm had no detectable effect
      on the occurrence or severity of clinical signs of botulism. Ducks drinking water
      with conductivity of 7,130 mu mhos/cm for 1 wk prior to receiving toxin had more
      severe clinical signs and greater mortality than did birds drinking fresh water.
      Ducks given the same water for 2 wk prior to receiving toxin did not differ from
      the controls in response to toxin. Fewer ducks in groups drinking the most saline
      water tested (conductivity = 13,500 mu mhos/cm) had clinical signs of botulism
      than in groups drinking fresh water.

PMID- 3373632
TI  - Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay test for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci
      infection in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in southeastern
      Queensland, Australia.
AB  - The IDEIA Chlamydia Test, a commercially available antigen-capture enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, based on a monoclonal antibody for the
      detection of chlamydia in clinical specimens, was evaluated in a population of 65
      free-ranging koalas in southeastern Queensland determined to be infected with
      Chlamydia psittaci. Compared to isolation of the organism in tissue culture, the
      sensitivity of the IDEIA test ranged from 3 to 11%, and the specificity from 90
      to 97%. The results indicated that the IDEIA test is unsuitable for use as a
      diagnostic screening test for C. psittaci in free-ranging koalas.

PMID- 3373633
TI  - Aspects of the epidemiology of Chlamydia psittaci infection in a population of
      koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in southeastern Queensland, Australia.
AB  - A population of free-ranging koalas in southeastern Queensland was examined to
      determine the prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci infections. Although C. psittaci
      was isolated from 46 of 65 (71%) koalas studied, only six (9%) of these had
      clinical signs of disease. Most adult females (82%) had back or pouch young
      present even though 67% of them were infected. There were no significant
      correlations between age, sex or site of sampling (urogenital versus conjunctival
      tissues) and the isolation of C. psittaci. No other important bacterial or fungal
      pathogens were isolated. The complement fixation test had a sensitivity of 7% and
      a specificity of 94% in detecting chlamydial infections, suggesting that it is
      unsuitable for use as a screening test. Chlamydia psittaci infection within this
      population appeared to represent a generally well-balanced host-parasite
      relationship and few animals had clinical signs of disease. Only four of 27 (15%)
      healthy koalas infected with C. psittaci followed for 24 wk after sampling
      developed eye disease or "dirty tail." Two koalas with keratoconjunctivitis
      recovered without treatment during the study period. Additional factors,
      including the stresses imposed by loss of habitat, may act to produce overt
      disease in koalas with latent C. psittaci infections.

PMID- 3373634
TI  - Seasonal prevalence of skin tumors from walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) from
      Oneida Lake, New York.
AB  - A seasonal survey of skin tumor prevalence in walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) was
      conducted during the ice-free period on Oneida Lake, New York in 1986. During the
      survey, 1,028 walleyes were collected and examined for the presence of
      lymphocystis disease, dermal sarcoma, discrete epidermal hyperplasia and diffuse
      epidermal hyperplasia. Skin growths were high in prevalence in early spring, low
      in prevalence during the summer, and again high in prevalence in the fall.
      Lymphocystis disease and dermal sarcoma were more frequently observed than either
      discrete or diffuse epidermal hyperplasia. Histologically, a moderate to severe
      inflammatory response was associated with dermal sarcoma in the early spring and
      late spring but not in the fall. Regardless of the time of year, varying degrees
      of inflammatory response were seen associated with lymphocystis disease. Samples
      were inadequate to assess seasonal trends in incidence of discrete and diffuse
      epidermal hyperplasia.

PMID- 3373635
TI  - The occurrence of infectious diseases in mixed farming of domesticated wild
      herbivores and livestock in Kenya. II. Bacterial diseases.
AB  - The prevalence of antibodies to Brucella spp., Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and
      the Mycoplasma spp. causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious
      caprine pleuropneumonia was determined in various species of ruminants on a ranch
      in the semi-arid zone of southeastern Kenya. Antibody titers to Brucella spp.
      were found in eland (Taurotragus oryx), oryx (Oryx beisa) and camels (Camelus
      dromedarius). Reactors were not found in buffalo (Syncerus caffer), sheep (Ovis
      aries) and goats (Capra hircus). Brucella sp. was not isolated from eland and
      camels. Antibody titers to M. paratuberculosis were found only in camels and
      goats. Mycobacteria were not detected in feces of two serologically positive
      camels. Significant serum antibody titers to Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides were
      found only in camels. Antibody titers to Mycoplasma sp. (strain F38), which
      causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, were found in buffalo, cattle and
      camels but not in the other species. Attempts to isolate the Mycoplasma sp. from
      nasal secretion of the buffalo and camels failed. The possible occurrence of
      tuberculosis in camels is discussed. Under the conditions at the ranch,
      contagious bacterial diseases appear to be of minor importance in the
      domesticated wild herbivores. The introduced camels, however, might be a source
      of various infections such as brucellosis, mycoplasmosis and possibly
      tuberculosis for the other susceptible species.

PMID- 3373636
TI  - Xylazine and ketamine-induced glycosuria in white-tailed deer.
AB  - This study documents glycosuria effects of xylazine and ketamine in eight captive
      and 19 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from January to
      April 1985. Mean urinary glucose:creatinine ratios in two groups of deer fed high
      protein-high energy and low protein-low energy diets and in free-ranging deer
      were 1,000, 719, and 259, respectively. Glucose did not occur in urine of deer
      immobilized by physical restraint. Glucose:creatinine increased with the time
      interval between xylazine injection and urine collection in the two groups of
      captive deer.

PMID- 3373637
TI  - Ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in red-tailed hawks with antagonism by yohimbine.
AB  - Five red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) were anesthetized at weekly intervals
      with intravenous ketamine hydrochloride (KET, 4.4 mg/kg) and xylazine
      hydrochloride (XYL, 2.2 mg/kg). Twenty min after anesthesia, yohimbine
      hydrochloride (YOH, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg/kg) or a control was
      administered. All doses of YOH significantly reduced the head-up times (F =
      20.84, df = 1,24, P less than 0.0001) and the standing times (F = 12.30, df =
      1,24, P less than 0.0001), compared to the control group. The heart and
      respiratory rates following YOH (all doses) were significantly greater (P less
      than 0.01) than the anesthetized rates, but were comparable to the rates observed
      in restrained, unanesthetized hawks. Yohimbine did not appear to have any
      significant effect on body temperature. Based upon administration of 4.4 mg/kg
      KET and 2.2 mg/kg XYL, a dose of 0.10 mg/kg YOH was recommended to achieve
      antagonism without causing profound cardiovascular or respiratory changes.

PMID- 3373638
TI  - Susceptibility to Yersinia pestis in the northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys
      leucogaster).
AB  - The laboratory-born progeny from two geographically distant populations of
      northern grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster) were challenged with Yersinia
      pestis to determine their relative susceptibilities to plague. One of the O.
      leucogaster populations was associated with a known epizootic focus of the
      disease and was found to be nearly 2,000 times more resistant to mortality than
      were members of another population from an area historically free of plague. The
      ecology and omnivorous behavior of O. leucogaster appears to promote strong
      selection for resistance to plague in areas where they are naturally exposed.

PMID- 3373639
TI  - Leptospires in the marine toad (Bufo marinus) on Barbados.
AB  - Leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of four of 211 toads (Bufo marinus)
      caught on Barbados. Two of the isolates were identified as Leptospira interrogans
      serovar bim in the Autumnalis serogroup (the most common cause of leptospiral
      illness on Barbados), and two as possibly new serovars in the Australis
      serogroup. Sera from 198 of the toads were examined by the leptospire microscopic
      agglutination test. Forty-two (21%) were positive at titers of greater than or
      equal to 1:100, and 54 (27%) at greater than or equal to 1:50. The predominating
      serogroups were Australis (50%), Autumnalis (23%) and Panama (13%). The
      agglutination tests on the culture-positive toads showed that serologic studies
      alone may be of limited value in these animals. Bufo marinus can harbor
      pathogenic leptospires, and it may be a significant source of the Autumnalis
      serogroup infections in the Caribbean.

PMID- 3373640
TI  - Influence of blood parasites on the body mass of passeriform birds.
AB  - Body masses of 3,739 birds representing immature and adult males and females of
      15 species of passeriforms (both uninfected and infected with Haemoproteus spp.
      and Leucocytozoon spp.) were compared. There was some interaction among year,
      month and area of capture for several host species, but there was no discernible
      effect of either parasite genus on body mass. There were no effects due to high
      intensity parasitemia for eight host species examined. Either parasitism does not
      cause loss of body mass, or the techniques used were too insensitive to separate
      effects of parasitism from other natural causes.

PMID- 3373641
TI  - Hepatozoonosis in foxes from Portugal.
AB  - Hepatozoon, sp. is described for the first time in foxes (Vulpes vulpes silacea)
      in Portugal. Of 301 foxes examined, 143 (48%) were infected. The gametocyte was
      the predominant stage of the life cycle and was found in every organ except the
      bone marrow, where schizonts were the most abundant stage. The morphological
      similarity of this parasite's gametocytes to Hepatozoon canis is emphasized.

PMID- 3373642
TI  - Serological monitoring of eastern wild turkeys for antibodies to Mycoplasma spp.
      and avian influenza viruses.
AB  - From 1981 through 1986, plasma or serum samples were obtained from 322 wild
      turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from Georgia (n = 111), Kentucky (n = 21),
      Louisiana (n = 22), North Carolina (n = 118), Tennessee (n = 19), Missouri (n =
      24) and Iowa (n = 7). These samples were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma
      gallisepticum (MG) and in most instances, M. synoviae (MS), M. meleagridis (MM),
      and avian influenza (AI) virus. All 322 turkeys were seronegative for MG by the
      rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test. All of a subsample (n = 147) also were
      negative (titer less than or equal to 1:40) for MG by the hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) test. Five of 253 turkeys (2%) were seropositive (+4 reaction)
      for MS by the RPA test; however, HI tests for MS on these five turkeys were
      negative as were attempts to isolate MS from trachea and homogenized lung tissue.
      Three of 253 turkeys (1%) were seropositive (+1 to +3 reactions) for MM by the
      RPA test. None of 210 turkeys had antibodies to AI by the agar gel precipitation
      test. These data suggest that populations of native eastern wild turkeys are not
      important in the epizootiology of MG, MS, MM, or AI.

PMID- 3373643
TI  - Serum antibody prevalence for Herpesvirus sylvilagus, Bacillus piliformis and
      California serogroup arboviruses in cottontail rabbits from Pennsylvania.
AB  - A serologic survey of 60 eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) from
      three counties in Pennsylvania was conducted in March 1983. Serum antibody
      prevalences for Herpesvirus sylvilagus and La Crosse virus (California serogroup)
      were less than 4%. There was no evidence of previous exposure to either Jamestown
      Canyon or snowshoe hare viruses (California serogroup). Antibody to trivittatus
      virus (California serogroup) was found in 60% of the 20 cottontails from York
      County. No cottontails had antibodies to Bacillus piliformis, the etiologic agent
      of Tyzzer's disease.

PMID- 3373644
TI  - Response of vaccinated and unvaccinated bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis
      canadensis) to experimental respiratory syncytial virus challenge.
AB  - Five Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis), approximately 5
      mo old and without detectable antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus
      (RSV), were assigned to two groups to study the effects of RSV challenge
      inoculation in vaccinated (n = 3) and unvaccinated (n = 2) bighorns. The three
      lambs vaccinated with a modified live bovine RSV vaccine developed a detectable
      antibody response to the vaccine. Vaccinated and unvaccinated lambs challenged
      with an ovine isolate of RSV developed increased levels of neutralizing antibody,
      but clinical signs of disease were not observed. Neutralizing antibody titers to
      RSV remained higher (2-4-fold) in vaccinated lambs over time when compared to
      unvaccinated lambs.

PMID- 3373645
TI  - Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida from masu salmon in the Republic of Korea.
AB  - The isolation and identification of the Gram-negative fish pathogen, Aeromonas
      salmonicida salmonicida, from masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) at the Yang Yang
      Salmon Hatchery in the Republic of Korea is described. The bacterium possessed
      certain characteristics in common with isolates from fish in Japan. It is an
      important cause of mortality among cultured salmonids in the Republic of Korea.
      This is the first report of this fish pathogen from the Asian mainland.

PMID- 3373646
TI  - Borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from Wisconsin.
AB  - Blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears
      (Ursus americanus) from three sites in northern Wisconsin. A Borrelia sp.,
      morphologically and antigenically similar to Borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated
      from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. Ixodes
      dammini and Dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. This is the first
      report of borreliosis in the Ursidae, and of the primary vector of Lyme disease,
      I. dammini, from this host.

PMID- 3373647
TI  - Intestinal coccidia of white-tailed deer in southern Florida.
AB  - From 1984 to 1986 110 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Big Cypress
      National Preserve in southern Florida were examined for intestinal coccidial
      infections. Three species of Eimeria (E. mccordocki, E. madisonensis, and E.
      odocoilei) were found in low prevalences. There were no differences in prevalence
      due to age, sex, season of collection or specific locality within the Preserve.

PMID- 3373648
TI  - Parasites of moose (Alces alces) from an agricultural area of eastern Ontario.
AB  - Viscera of 16 moose and hide samples of 24 moose (Alces alces) shot in eastern
      Ontario in 1985 were examined for parasites. Two species of trematodes, one
      species of cestode, five species of nematodes and one species of tick were
      recovered. One nematode species, Trichuris discolor, is reported for the first
      time from moose. Our results suggest that the parasite fauna of the moose may
      have been influenced by the absence or scarcity of other species of wild cervids
      or carnivores and by the presence of domestic livestock.

PMID- 3373649
TI  - Helminths of sympatric black-tailed jack rabbits (Lepus californicus) and desert
      cottontails (Sylvilagus audubonii) from the high plains of eastern New Mexico.
AB  - Thirty-five desert cottontails (Sylvilagus audubonii) and 35 black-tailed jack
      rabbits (Lepus californicus), occurring sympatrically near the Clovis-Portales
      area of eastern New Mexico were infected with four species of Eucestoda (adults
      of Raillietina salmoni and Raillietina selfi, larvae of Taenia pisiformis and
      Taenia serialis). Raillietina salmoni and T. pisiformis more commonly infected S.
      audubonii. Raillietina selfi was found in near equal prevalence in both host
      species. Taenia serialis was recovered only from L. californicus. Thus, three of
      the four helminth species were shared by both lagomorphs (Jaccard's coefficient =
      75). Female hosts were most heavily infected with R. selfi and Taenia serialis.

PMID- 3373650
TI  - Serratospiculoides amaculata in a Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii).
AB  - During a routine examination of a female Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
      nematodes were found in the thoracic air sacs. A total of 12 females and nine
      males were recovered and identified as Serratospiculoides amaculata. This is the
      first record of this parasite found in a raptor, other than a falcon, in North
      America.

PMID- 3373651
TI  - Inefficacy of oral ketamine for chemical restraint in turkeys.
AB  - Ketamine hydrochloride was given orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg to six domestic
      turkeys (Meleagris gallapovo). There was no apparent anesthetic effect. The same
      birds received 500 mg/kg by the same route 1 wk later. All birds became ataxic
      within 10 min; although some sedation was apparent, they made coordinated escapes
      when challenged.

PMID- 3373652
TI  - Pilot project: preventing further AIDS spread among women, general heterosexual
      population.

PMID- 3373653
TI  - Health fraud's toll: lost hopes, misspent billions.

PMID- 3373654
TI  - Laboratories may face more strict controls.

PMID- 3373655
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Hepatitis A among drug abusers.

PMID- 3373656
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human rabies--California, 1987.

PMID- 3373657
TI  - Aversion therapy for homosexuality.

PMID- 3373658
TI  - Topical tretinoin for photoaged skin.

PMID- 3373659
TI  - Characterization of antihypertensive therapy by whole-day blood pressure
      monitoring.
AB  - Whole-day ambulatory monitoring is used for diagnosing hypertension and for
      judging response to treatment. We evaluated both of these properties in an
      antihypertensive trial with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem hydrochloride.
      Measured by a conventional sphygmomanometer, systolic and diastolic blood
      pressures fell significantly in patients who received diltiazem, whereas no
      consistent changes occurred in those who received placebo. Administration of the
      drug also decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures evenly throughout the
      day, as determined by automated monitoring. The 15 diltiazem-treated patients
      were subdivided into those whose clinically diagnosed hypertension was confirmed
      by pretreatment blood pressure monitoring (24-hour average diastolic blood
      pressure, greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg; n = 9) and those whose 24-hour blood
      pressures failed to meet this criterion (n = 6). Diltiazem therapy decreased
      average whole-day blood pressures by 18/13 mm Hg in the hypertensives but by only
      0/1 mm Hg in the others. Thus, whole-day blood pressure monitoring strengthens
      antihypertensive trials by documenting efficacy and duration of treatment. In
      addition, it enhances the diagnosis of hypertension, thereby identifying those
      patients in whom treatment seems justified.

PMID- 3373660
TI  - Characterization of recombinant DNA derived-human luteinizing hormone in vitro
      and in vivo. Efficacy in ovulation induction and corpus luteum support.
AB  - The present data are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate the production
      feasibility of a commercially available medication of pure human luteinizing
      hormone from recombinant DNA technology (rechLH). The rechLH preparation achieved
      ovulation induction and corpus luteum support in the primate menstrual cycle. The
      observations described herein indicate the opportunity for significant
      improvement in the treatment of infertile women and men who require gonadal
      stimulation. Recombinant DNA-derived gonadotropin products, rechLH in this case,
      will have several therapeutic advantages compared with current medications
      extracted from urine. These advantages include (1) better reliability of an
      available supply of hormone and (2) improved treatment flexibility in determining
      the optimal dose ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone or
      avoidance of the long-acting effects of human chorionic gonadotropin, as the
      needs of individual patients may dictate.

PMID- 3373661
TI  - Doctors have feelings too.
AB  - The medical encounter, like all human interaction, is unavoidably emotion laden.
      Rather than viewing them as something to be overcome, the emotional responses of
      the physician can be analyzed for information about the patient or about the
      physician. The emotional states of patients arouse complementary reactions in the
      clinician that are diagnostic clues to important clinical syndromes such as
      depression or character disorders. Conversely, the physician can have
      idiosyncratic responses to patients that can lead to inappropriate diagnostic and
      therapeutic choices or to avoidance of particular problems or patients. Self
      awareness is the key to utilizing these reactions to improve the patient
      physician relationship.

PMID- 3373662
TI  - Methadone maintenance patients in general medical practice. A preliminary report.
AB  - Medical maintenance is the treatment by primary care physicians of rehabilitated
      methadone maintenance patients who are stable, employed, not abusing drugs, and
      not in need of supportive services. In this research project, physicians with
      experience in drug abuse treatment provided both the pharmacologic treatment of
      addiction as well as therapy for other medical problems, as needed. Decisions
      regarding treatment were based on the individual needs of the patient and on
      currently accepted medical practice rather than on explicit regulations. We
      studied the first 40 former heroin addicts who were transferred to this program
      from more conventional methadone clinics. At a follow-up visit at 12 to 55
      months, 33 (82.5%) of 40 patients had remained in treatment; five (12.5%) had
      been discharged because of cocaine abuse and two (5%) had been voluntarily
      discharged. Personal benefits of medical maintenance include the dignity of a
      standard professional atmosphere and a more flexible reporting schedule. This
      program has the potential for improving treatment of selected methadone
      maintenance patients.

PMID- 3373664
TI  - Technological imperatives and paradoxes.

PMID- 3373665
TI  - Recombinant DNA-derived human luteinizing hormone: basic science rapidly applied
      to clinical medicine.

PMID- 3373663
TI  - Congenital aneurysm of the left ventricle. Its recognition and significance.

PMID- 3373666
TI  - Revival of medical maintenance in the treatment of heroin dependence.

PMID- 3373667
TI  - A piece of my mind. Hold me.

PMID- 3373668
TI  - AIDS' economic, political aspects become as global as medical problem.

PMID- 3373669
TI  - Immunodeficiency virus slowly yields secrets.

PMID- 3373670
TI  - Surgeon General examines options for coping with public health menace of drunken
      driving.

PMID- 3373672
TI  - Policy recommendations expected from meeting on unintentional injuries in
      adolescents.

PMID- 3373671
TI  - Adolescent patients pose particular problems; physical fitness may help prevent
      injuries.

PMID- 3373673
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for the prevention of malaria in travelers.

PMID- 3373674
TI  - An unexpected burden--the safety of air ambulances.

PMID- 3373675
TI  - Health insurance and preventive care.

PMID- 3373676
TI  - Looking beyond the retina.

PMID- 3373677
TI  - Fake urine samples for drug analysis.

PMID- 3373678
TI  - Screening for cholesterol.

PMID- 3373679
TI  - Changing treatment of breast cancer in New Mexico from 1969 through 1985.
AB  - A review of information from the New Mexico Tumor Registry on women diagnosed as
      having primary breast cancer from 1969 through 1985 revealed temporal changes in
      the surgical treatment of this disease. After 1980 the percentage of women
      receiving breast-conserving surgery for local-stage disease increased from 6% to
      25%. Most surgeons performing operations for breast cancer had not performed a
      breast-conserving operation before 1981 but had used this procedure at least once
      in the period from 1981 through 1985. Women younger than 50 years or older than
      80 years were most likely to undergo this procedure. In that period, radiotherapy
      after breast-conserving surgery could not be documented for 26% of the women 65
      years old or younger or for 56% of the women aged 65 years or older. Thus, there
      has been a marked shift in New Mexico in the surgical approach to local-stage
      breast cancer in the 1980s. This shift involved most surgeons treating the
      disease and included women of all age groups. The apparent lack of adjuvant
      radiotherapy in some women receiving conservative surgeries may prove to be a
      deleterious consequence of this change in surgical management.

PMID- 3373680
TI  - Altitude, low birth weight, and infant mortality in Colorado.
AB  - A decrease in birth weight occurs at high altitude, but its relationship to
      infant mortality is unclear. We examined Colorado vital statistics recorded from
      1979 through 1982 to determine whether high altitude increased infant mortality
      and whether decreased birth weight contributed to the mortality observed.
      Retardation of intrauterine growth reduced birth weight and doubled the frequency
      of low-birth-weight infants from the lowest (915 to 1523 m [3000 to 4999 ft]) to
      the highest (greater than or equal to 2744 m [greater than or equal to 9000 ft])
      altitude in the state. Low birth weight increased mortality risk, but the
      mortality risk of low birth weight was decreased at high compared with low
      altitudes, resulting in similar infant mortality rates throughout the state. This
      finding differed from that of 1969 through 1973 when infant mortality doubled at
      high altitude. A 46% infant mortality reduction had occurred statewide over the
      ten years due chiefly to decreased mortality risk for preterm low-birth-weight
      infants. This reduction, particularly pronounced at high altitude, might have
      been due to better identification and transport of high-risk pregnancies to
      hospitals with tertiary neonatal treatment centers.

PMID- 3373681
TI  - Risk of multiple sclerosis exacerbation during pregnancy and breast-feeding.
AB  - Studies in the past have reported an increased risk of exacerbations in multiple
      sclerosis during the postpartum period; it is not known whether breast-feeding
      alters this risk. We interviewed 435 women regarding pregnancy and breast-feeding
      history, providing for analysis 191 pregnancies that had occurred during a
      nonprogressive phase of the disease. The exacerbation rates during the nine-month
      postpartum period (34%) were more than three times the exacerbation rate during
      the nine months of pregnancy (10%). The exacerbation risk was highest in the
      three-month period following childbirth and appeared to stabilize after the sixth
      postpartum month. The exacerbation rates in breast-feeding and non-breast-feeding
      pregnancies were 38% and 31%, respectively. The average time to exacerbation was
      similar in breast-feeding (3.0 months) and non-breast-feeding (3.1 months)
      pregnancies. Although differential exacerbation rates during pregnancy and the
      postpartum period may be related to hormonal effects on the immune system, the
      hormonal effects of breast-feeding do not appear to similarly affect the risk of
      exacerbation.

PMID- 3373682
TI  - A clinician's guide to the office measurement of cholesterol.
AB  - The office laboratory has the potential to be an ideal setting for cholesterol
      testing if accurate test results are achieved. This study describes the
      performance of three office chemistry analyzers (Abbott Vision, Boehringer
      Mannheim Reflotron, and Kodak Ektachem DT60 Analyzer) in the measurement of
      cholesterol. The accuracy of these instruments was assessed by testing aliquots
      of 84 plasma specimens and comparing these results with values obtained in one of
      the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Lipid Research Clinic
      laboratories. To evaluate instrument precision, results from each of the three
      instruments were compared with the cholesterol standards recently released by the
      College of American Pathologists. When operated according to the manufacturers'
      recommended procedures, each of the three instruments demonstrated analytic
      capabilities that met the current accuracy and precision goals established by the
      National Cholesterol Education Program. Analytic issues that are pertinent to the
      clinician's role as both the office laboratory director and the test interpreter
      are reviewed.

PMID- 3373683
TI  - The health care revolution: a preliminary report from the front.

PMID- 3373684
TI  - The computer-stored medical record. For whom?

PMID- 3373685
TI  - Vasodilator therapy for heart failure: what have we learned from controlled
      clinical trials?

PMID- 3373686
TI  - Immunoaugmentative therapy: assessing an untested therapy.

PMID- 3373687
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Immunoaugmentative therapy.
AB  - The scientific evidence to date, as well as the history of IAT, will allow no
      other conclusion than that IAT is unequivocally dangerous to its patients and of
      no proved value as a treatment for cancer. Physicians who know of patients
      receiving IAT must be aware of the high risk those people are incurring for life
      threatening infections of several types.

PMID- 3373688
TI  - Trial appears to confirm safety of chorionic villus sampling procedure.

PMID- 3373689
TI  - Studies question how much role menopause plays in some women's emotional
      distress.

PMID- 3373691
TI  - AIDS commission making its final report.

PMID- 3373690
TI  - Study says memories of violent death linger in survivors, trigger psychosocial
      problems.

PMID- 3373692
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin levels in Air
      Force Health Study participants--preliminary report.

PMID- 3373693
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Cave-associated histoplasmosis--Costa Rica.

PMID- 3373694
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. State- and sex-specific premature mortality due to ischemic
      heart disease--1985.

PMID- 3373695
TI  - Endless education.

PMID- 3373697
TI  - Jessica in the well: ischemia and reperfusion injury.

PMID- 3373696
TI  - Preoperative screening for sickle cell trait.

PMID- 3373698
TI  - Persistent postoperative incisional pain.

PMID- 3373699
TI  - Hepatitis delta virus infection and Labrea hepatitis.

PMID- 3373700
TI  - Wet-mount examination for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.

PMID- 3373701
TI  - HIV infection in parturients.

PMID- 3373702
TI  - Tick bite appendicitis.

PMID- 3373703
TI  - Deep-vein thrombosis induced by tranexamic acid in idiopathic thrombocytopenic
      purpura.

PMID- 3373704
TI  - Neural tube defects.

PMID- 3373705
TI  - Familial dyslipidemic hypertension. Evidence from 58 Utah families for a syndrome
      present in approximately 12% of patients with essential hypertension.
AB  - Population-based sibships with essential hypertension diagnosed before the age of
      60 years are being screened in Utah to find two or more hypertensive siblings
      with the same biochemical abnormality as a clue to an inherited cause for their
      specific type of hypertension. Among 131 hypertensive subjects in 58 sibships,
      concordant abnormalities in fasting serum lipid concentrations were observed in
      two or more siblings in 48% of the sibships. After adjusting for effects of
      antihypertensive medications, abnormal values reported in only 10% of the Lipid
      Research Clinics data were observed in 30% of patients for serum triglycerides,
      19% for serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 39% for high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol. More than one lipid level was abnormal in almost all
      concordant sibships, suggesting an association between hypertension and a
      syndrome of mixed lipid abnormalities, probably familial combined hyperlipidemia
      (renamed "familial combined dyslipidemia" because of common low high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol levels). We conclude that familial dyslipidemic
      hypertension may be a specific syndrome with lipid abnormalities more severe than
      blood pressure elevations.

PMID- 3373706
TI  - Pancytopenia following low-dose oral methotrexate therapy for psoriasis.
AB  - Low-dose oral methotrexate therapy was associated with the onset of anemia,
      leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in two patients with psoriasis. Both patients
      survived, but required prolonged hospitalization. No precipitating factor other
      than methotrexate could be identified.

PMID- 3373707
TI  - Trauma systems. Current status--future challenges.
AB  - The national status of regional trauma system development was evaluated by a
      survey sent to all state emergency medical services directors and state
      chairpersons of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Eight
      essential components of a regional trauma system based on criteria set forth by
      the American College of Surgeons were listed. Only two states were found to have
      all components and statewide coverage. Nineteen states and the District of
      Columbia lacked one or more components of a regional trauma system. The remaining
      29 states had yet to initiate the process of trauma center designation. In
      response to these shortcomings, an attempt was made to define the barriers to
      trauma system implementation and a step-by-step process was outlined for the
      development, management, and analysis of a comprehensive system of trauma care.

PMID- 3373708
TI  - The 'other STDs': do they really matter?

PMID- 3373709
TI  - Colorectal cancer chemotherapy: meta-analysis or large-scale trials?

PMID- 3373710
TI  - Pancytopenia following low-dose methotrexate therapy.

PMID- 3373711
TI  - A piece of my mind. Jailhouse blues.

PMID- 3373712
TI  - Clinical significance of body surface isochrone maps for predicting ventricular
      arrhythmias in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
AB  - To investigate the utility of body surface isochrone maps for estimating
      ventricular arrhythmias in patients with previous myocardial infarction, we
      compared findings of body surface isochrone maps with those of signal-averaged
      electrocardiograms (SAECGs) and an incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT).
      Body surface isochrone mapping was performed in 50 patients with previous
      myocardial infarction. Eighty-seven unipolar electrocardiograms distributed over
      the patient's anterior chest and back were recorded simultaneously. For each
      lead, the activation time was measured as the duration from the onset of QRS to
      the peak of the R wave. SAECGs were recorded in the same patients to detect late
      potential (LP) which was considered to last more than 30 msec. Activation delay
      on isochrone maps (D) was found in 31 of 50 patients. The group D+ had a lower
      ejection fraction and higher incidence of VT (8/31 (25.8%) vs. 1/19 (5.3%)) and
      LP (13/31 (41.9%) vs. 2/19 (10.5%)) than the group D-. There were four patients
      with sustained VT who had both D and LP. For predicting VT, D has a sensitivity
      of 88.9% and a specificity of 43.8%. It was decided that abnormal delay on body
      surface isochrone maps indicates slow conduction of the surviving myocardium and
      is related to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. We concluded that body
      surface isochrone maps can be useful in predicting life-threatening arrhythmias
      in patients with previous myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3373713
TI  - Regional blood flow in the liver, pancreas and kidney during pulsatile and
      nonpulsatile perfusion under profound hypothermia.
AB  - Regional blood flow in the liver, pancreas and kidney was measured under
      conditions of profound hypothermia associated with total circulatory arrest, to
      determine whether cardiopulmonary bypass with pulsatile flow would improve the
      blood flow in these visceral organs in comparison with nonpulsatile flow. Using
      56 adult mongrel dogs, total cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out to induce
      hypothermia and 40 min of total circulatory arrest was performed at 20 degrees C.
      After total arrest, the temperature was raised to 35 degrees C. With pulsatile
      flow, a decrease of the regional blood flow in the liver, pancreas and kidney was
      prevented during cooling, especially at 20 degrees C before total circulatory
      arrest. Moreover, regional renal blood flow recovered rapidly with pulsatile flow
      after total arrest at 20 degrees C, while after arrest with nonpulsatile flow
      blood flow in the kidney could not be measured in the cortex and was
      significantly lower in the medulla. In summary, pulsatile flow improves the
      hepatic, pancreatic and renal blood flow and, referring to our previous
      experiments, protects the function of these organs during cardiopulmonary bypass
      associated with profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest.

PMID- 3373714
TI  - Symposium on High Risk Arrhythmia: Its Mechanism and Treatment. 51st annual
      scientific session of the Japanese Circulation Society. March 31, 1987, Tokyo.

PMID- 3373715
TI  - Effect of antiarrhythmic drugs on the ventricular fibrillation induced by low
      intensity train pulses.
AB  - We evaluated the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on ventricular fibrillation
      threshold (VFT) by analysing the electrophysiologic parameters obtained from
      strength-interval curves. The VFT determined by low intensity train pulses was
      significantly increased from the control value under the administration of
      clinical dosage of procainamide, lidocaine, propranolol, bepridil and
      prenylamine, although not verapamil. The elevation of VFT could be explained by
      changes in the strength-interval curve induced by the drugs, including
      disappearance of dip phenomenon, supernormal period, prolongation of effective
      refractory period (ERP) and elevation of end diastolic threshold (EDT).

PMID- 3373716
TI  - Ventricular fibrillation threshold measured by continuous 50 cps stimulation for
      the evaluation of the antifibrillatory effect of the drugs.
AB  - The role of electrophysiologic parameters on the induction of ventricular
      fibrillation (VF) by continuous 50 cycle per second (cps) electrical stimulation
      was studied in 21 open chest dogs. The current strength of the 50 cps stimulation
      required to induce VF when applied to the ventricle for 2 seconds was defined as
      the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT). The intravenous injection of
      antiarrhythmic drugs raised the VFT in a dose dependent manner. The changes in
      VFT were associated with a rise in excitation threshold. The slopes of the
      regression equations relating the excitation threshold to VFT were almost
      identical, that is, 2.8 with lidocaine, 3.4 with procainamide and 3.2 with
      disopyramide. Prolongation of refractory period increased the cycle length of
      ventricular excitations just prior to VF but was not correlated with the changes
      in VF. Localized myocardial ischemia induced by coronary ligation also resulted
      in the elevation of VFT. The slope of the regression equation between excitation
      threshold and VFT was 1.9 which was slightly lower than that observed at the
      administration of the drugs. The fact that the VFT was mainly attributed to the
      changes in excitation threshold at the site where the test stimulus was applied
      would limit the usefulness of the 50 cps continuous stimulation method for the
      evaluation of vulnerability to VF.

PMID- 3373717
TI  - Effects of class I drugs on reentrant ventricular tachycardia in a canine model
      of myocardial infarction: on their antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic mechanisms.
AB  - Mechanisms by which Class I drugs interrupt or facilitate reentrant ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) induced by programmed stimulation were analysed in dogs with 7
      day-old myocardial infarction. Activation time and effective refractory period
      (ERP) were determined at 48 sites of survived epicardial layer within the
      infarction zone (IZ) and surrounding normal zone. Two mg/kg of lidocaine (L),
      propafenone (P) and flecainide (F) were administered intravenously. Induction of
      sustained VT was prevented by P in 7 of 10 cases, in 3 of 5 cases by F and in one
      of 8 cases by L (P vs L, p less than 0.01). Proarrhythmic effects were
      encountered in a case of P and 2 cases of F. Conduction velocity within the IZ
      was reduced by each drug to the same extent. The ERP within the IZ was prolonged
      by each drug, however, the mean extent of change differed significantly among the
      drugs (P 37% greater than F 26% greater than L 10%). In cases in which an
      antiarrhythmic effect was achieved, it was the result of abolition of the re
      excitation at retrograde exit site of reentry circuit, which was considered to be
      due to prolongation of refractoriness at the site. These results suggest that
      prolongation of local refractoriness within the IZ is the major antiarrhythmic
      mechanism. The proarrhythmic effect was accompanied by an increased dispersion of
      local ERP as well as by a marked reduction of conduction velocity within the IZ.

PMID- 3373719
TI  - Mechanisms of chronic recurrent idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - In 24 patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT), mechanisms of VT and
      the effects of antiarrhythmic drugs after induction were studied
      electrophysiologically, and by exercise testing. VT was induced
      electrophysiologically in 14 patients. Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs were
      effective in 7 of them, which implied that one of the mechanisms of idiopathic VT
      was reentry related to the depressed channel dependent slow conduction. In 6 of
      the 14 patients, the QRS morphology of VT showed a complete RBBB with axis
      deviation pattern and the tachycardia was responsive to verapamil. In 2 of them,
      induction of VT was facilitated at low plasma verapamil concentrations. In the
      other 2 patients, left ventricular mapping showed that a notched potential
      preceding each QRS complex and the retrograde His bundle deflection with a short
      interval were recorded during VT. These findings suggested that the mechanism of
      this type of VT was reentry, mediated by Ca dependent slow conduction and located
      within the left bundle branch network. Exercise testing provoked VT in eight.
      Beta-blockers and Ca-antagonists were effective in 6 and in 4, respectively.
      These findings indicate the possibility that in addition to enhanced automaticity
      or reentry, triggered activity could play a role in the genesis of exercise
      related VT.

PMID- 3373718
TI  - Effects of procainamide and lidocaine on electrically inducible ventricular
      tachycardia studied with programmed ventricular stimulation in post myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The effects of procainamide and lidocaine, representative of class IA and IB
      antiarrhythmic agents, on electrically inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT)
      were studied using programmed ventricular stimulation in 47 post myocardial
      infarction patients at an average of 1.5 months after the onset. The mean doses
      of administered procainamide and lidocaine were 1050 mg and 161 mg, and their
      mean plasma concentrations were 7.5 micrograms/ml and 3.1 micrograms/ml
      respectively. The induction of sustained VT was suppressed in 15 of 29 patients
      (52%) by procainamide, but in none by lidocaine. The induction of nonsustained VT
      was suppressed in 6 of 18 patients (33%) by procainamide, and in 1 of 8 patients
      (13%) by lidocaine. The efficacy rate of procainamide was significantly higher
      than that of lidocaine in suppression of VT induction (21/47 vs 1/14 p less than
      0.01). Procainamide significantly prolonged the effective refractory period of
      the right ventricle as well as the HV and QRS interval, however lidocaine did not
      affect them significantly. On the other hand, the worsening effect which changed
      nonsustained VT inducible in the baseline into sustained VT inducible post drug
      administration was demonstrated in 8 of 18 procainamide cases (44%), and in 3 of
      8 lidocaine cases (38%). Between the procainamide effective and ineffective or
      worsening patients, there were no differences found in the electrophysiologic
      variables either in the baseline or post procainamide administration. We
      concluded that procainamide was more effective than lidocaine for the prevention
      of potential life-threatening VT induction in post myocardial infarction
      patients, although its efficacy was considerably limited, and to confirm the
      effectiveness and exclude the worsening effects of the class IA and IB
      antiarrhythmic agents, drug testing using programmed ventricular stimulation
      appeared to be valuable.

PMID- 3373720
TI  - Clinical significance of Vanghan Williams classification for treatment of
      ventricular tachycardia: study of class IA and IB antiarrhythmic agents.
AB  - Ninety-eight cases of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were studied using clinical
      electrophysiological (EP)-pharmacological assessment to compare the efficacy of
      class IA (disopyramide-DP, procainamide-PA) and class IB (mexiletine-Mex,
      Lidocaine-Lid, aprindine-AP) agents available in Japan, and to evaluate the
      clinical significance of class subdivisions for the treatment of VT. In assessing
      the efficacy of drugs, we evaluated their ability to prevent and terminate
      induced sustained VT as well as their ability to suppress spontaneous premature
      ventricular beats (VPB). I. EP properties: DP significantly extended QTc, ERPRV,
      and the coupling interval by which VT or repetitive ventricular response (RVR)
      was induced. On the other hand, Mex and AP had no effect. Although no significant
      extension of QRS width was found, the significant extension of the interval from
      extrastimulus to the first induced VT or RVR complex by the three drugs indicates
      that all have suppressive effects on conduction velocity within the reentry
      circuit. II. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Correspondence of preventive effects was 67%
      for DP and PA (class IA), 54% for Mex and Lid (class IB), 55% for DP and Mex, 27%
      for AP and Mex, and 25% for AP and DP. Correspondence of terminating effect was
      85% for DP and PA, 80% for DP and AP, 77% for DP and Mex, 75% for Mex and Lid,
      and 63% for Mex and AP. For suppression of spontaneous VPB's, correspondence rate
      was 100% for DP and PA, 39% for DP and Mex, 64% for Mex and Lid, 61% for Mex and
      AP, and 69% for DP and AP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373721
TI  - Clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics of responders and nonresponders
      to class IA antiarrhythmic drugs.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of 44 patients was carried out to evaluate the efficacy
      of class IA antiarrhythmic drugs (disopyramide and/or procainamide), and of drugs
      of one or more other classes by means of 24-hour Holter recording. This study
      included only patients who exhibited 5000 or more ventricular premature complexes
      (VPCs) during a 24-hour pretrial baseline recording. The drugs that reduced the
      frequency of VPCs by at least 50% were considered effective. Eighteen patients
      (41%) responded to class IA drugs (responders) and 26 patients (59%) did not
      (nonresponders). There was a significant difference between the two groups in
      relation to the types of disease (p less than 0.01), but no significant
      difference with regard to other clinical and electrocardiographic
      characteristics. There was a significant discordance between trials of class IA
      drugs and class IC drugs (p less than 0.05). The efficacy of class IA drugs is
      very similar to that of class IB drugs, and only class IC drugs represent the
      highest efficacy in patients refractory to both class IA and class IB drugs. In
      conclusion, when ventricular arrhythmias do not respond to class IA or IB drugs,
      class IC drugs could be chosen as the next regimen.

PMID- 3373723
TI  - [Active oxygen and oxidative stress].

PMID- 3373722
TI  - Therapeutic effectiveness and plasma levels of single or combination use of class
      I antiarrhythmic agents for ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The efficacy of disopyramide (DP), mexiletine (MX), aprindine (AP) and
      cibenzoline (CZ) on ventricular arrhythmias was compared (single drug therapy).
      In addition, the efficacy of the combination therapy of DP with MX was also
      studied (combination therapy). One hundred of the 106 patients completed the
      protocol of the single drug therapy. Fifty percent or more reduction in the
      frequency of ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) was obtained in 24 of 43
      patients (56%) with DP, in 24 of 44 (55%) with MX, in 18 of 29 (62%) with AP and
      10 of 18 (56%) with CZ. AP was comparatively more effective than the other drugs
      tested. DP was significantly effective on VPCs with organic heart disease as
      compared to idiopathic VPCs (p less than 0.05), while the other 3 drugs did not
      have such a tendency. With MX therapy, 10 of the 12 patients with fast VT rate
      (greater than or equal to 150 beats/min) showed a significant effect while only 4
      of the 12 patients with non-fast VT rate (greater than or equal to 100 and 150
      beats/min) had a significant one (p less than 0.05). On the other hand, DP, AP
      and CZ showed almost the same efficacy at any cycle length of VT. Six patients
      withdrew from the study, 4 because of digestive troubles with MX therapy, 1
      because of micturition disturbances with DP and 1 because of skin rash with AP.
      The average therapeutic plasma levels of DP, MX, AP and CZ were 1.76 +/- 0.54
      microgram/ml, 1.08 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml, 0.85 +/- 0.43 microgram/ml and 268.2 +/
      123.3 ng/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3373724
TI  - [SAMU (Service d'Aide Medicale Urgente) in France].

PMID- 3373725
TI  - [Relationship between serum glucose and catecholamine during ketamine drip
      infusion in children, compared with halothane and enflurane anesthesia].

PMID- 3373726
TI  - [Influence of anesthetic agents on intraspinal evoked potentials].

PMID- 3373727
TI  - [Influence of nicardipine on endocrine functions in post-operative patients].

PMID- 3373728
TI  - [Changes in common bile duct pressure following intrathecal morphine in dogs].

PMID- 3373730
TI  - [Effects of neostigmine and edrophonium on denervated skeletal muscle].

PMID- 3373729
TI  - [A comparison of intra-arterial, oscillometric and auscultatory measurements of
      blood pressure--influence of blood pressure level and arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 3373731
TI  - [Anesthetic experience of a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease].

PMID- 3373732
TI  - [Airway management for a patient with epidermolysis bullosa during anesthesia].

PMID- 3373733
TI  - [Epidural anesthesia in hip surgery in a 102-year-old woman].

PMID- 3373734
TI  - [Ceftriaxone in neonates and young infants; clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetic
      evaluation and effect on intestinal bacterial flora].
AB  - Twenty-two newborn and young infants, including 13 premature infants, were
      treated with ceftriaxone (CTRX) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were
      evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 106 days, and their body weights
      from 1.19 to 3.92 kg. Dose levels were 15 to 23 mg/kg every 12 to 24 hours for 2
      to 13.5 days. Eighteen infants with sepsis and 1 infant with purulent coxitis
      were considered to have responded to the CTRX treatment. The results were
      excellent in 13 and good in 6 patients. The drug was well tolerated, although
      diarrhea occurred in 2 patients, eosinophilia in 6 patients, slightly elevated
      serum concentrations of transaminases in 2 patients and thrombocytosis in 1 among
      the 22 patients. The pharmacokinetic studies on CTRX were done in 8 patients
      including 3 premature infants. The ages ranged from 3 to 50 days, and body weight
      from 2.20 to 3.94 kg. Plasma concentrations 30 minutes after single 10 mg/kg
      intravenous bolus injection in two 4- to 5-day-old premature neonates were 48.4
      and 50.0 micrograms/ml and those at 6 hours were 22.7 and 23.4 micrograms/ml,
      respectively. In 2 mature neonates, plasma levels were 42.2 and 39.1
      micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and 23.4 and 26.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after
      single 20 mg/kg doses. In four 12- to 50-day-old patients, plasma concentrations
      ranged from 35.9 to 175.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and from 21.9 to 32.8
      micrograms/ml at 6 hours after multiple doses of 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus
      injection. The plasma half-lives of the drug ranged from 6.6 to 16.8 hours in
      these 8 patients. Excretion rates of this drug into urine within 12 hours were
      21.4 to 63.4% in 7 patients. Urine concentrations of the drug in 34 samples
      collected at various times from the 7 patients ranged from 28.3 to 469.0
      micrograms/ml. The cerebrospinal fluid level at 2 hours after a dose was 3.33
      micrograms/ml on the 5th day of treatment in 1 patient with sepsis receiving 18
      mg/kg of the drug every 12 hours. Its level at 3 hours after a dose was 6.07
      micrograms/ml on the 6th day of treatment in another patient with aseptic
      meningitis receiving 20 mg/kg every 12 hours. The influence of CTRX on the fecal
      flora was studied in 3 patients receiving 20 mg/kg X 2/day. The characteristic
      pattern observed during the drug administration was the disappearance of
      Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae, the preservation of Streptococcus and
      Staphylococcus, and the increase in Candida.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3373736
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftriaxone in neonates].
AB  - Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone (CTRX) in mature and
      premature neonates were carried out. The results are summarized as follows. The
      mean serum peak level of CTRX after intravenous administration at a single dose
      of 10 mg/kg in 4 to 13 day-old-neonates was 34.1 +/- 11.4 micrograms/ml at 30
      minutes. The mean serum level at 12 hours after dosage was 11.1 +/- 2.1
      micrograms/ml. The mean half-life time was 11.6 +/- 1.4 hours. Mean serum peak
      levels of CTRX after intravenous administration at a single dose of 20 mg/kg were
      64.6 +/- 15.4 micrograms/ml in 1 to 3 day-old-neonates, 44.6 +/- 1.1
      micrograms/ml in 5 day-old-neonates at 30 minutes. Mean serum levels at 12 hours
      after dosage in these two groups of neonates were 16.4 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml and
      12.4 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean half-life times were 13.7 +/- 3.7
      hours in 1 to 3 day-old-neonates and 10.2 +/- 1.3 hours in 5 day-old-neonates.
      CTRX was clinically effective in a case of urinary tract infection. No side
      effect was observed except an elevation of GOT.

PMID- 3373735
TI  - [Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in neonates].
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study on ceftriaxone (CTRX) was conducted and the results
      obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CTRX was given in a dose of 20
      micrograms/kg by intravenous bolus injection to 13 neonates, and satisfactory
      blood concentrations of the drug were achieved. However, since even a once daily
      administration revealed trough values of 10-20 micrograms/ml, CTRX may accumulate
      if administered to neonates of low weight. 2. The rate of CTRX transfer to
      cerebrospinal fluid was 5.7% in a neonate given a dose of 20 mg/kg by intravenous
      bolus injection. 3. The urinary recovery rate was 8.4% up to 12 hours in a
      neonate given a dose of 20 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection.

PMID- 3373737
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in pediatric surgery].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on ceftriaxone (CTRX) in pediatric surgery
      were performed and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. In neonates,
      serum and urinary levels of CTRX were measured in 4 patients following injection
      (CTRX 20 mg/kg, intravenous bolus injection). Highest levels in serum were
      observed at 15 or 30 minutes, 59.4-212.5 micrograms/ml. Serum levels of CTRX then
      decreased very slowly, and serum half-lives (T 1/2) were 7.9-27.1 hours. Urinary
      recovery rates were 17.0-54.7% in 12 hours. 2. Bile levels of CTRX were also
      measured in 8 patients with congenital biliary atresia and a patient with
      congenital biliary dilatation (CBD). Highest levels of CTRX in bile, 10.2 and
      13.2 micrograms/ml, were noted in 2 hours following injection to 2 patients. But
      in other patients, CTRX was undetectable in bile. Recovery rate in bile in 12
      hours in a CBD patient was 0.19%. 3. The CTRX was administered to 7 patients (a
      case of infected lung cyst, 2 cases of peritonitis and 4 cases as prophylaxis to
      postoperative infection). Clinical results were good in all cases. No clinical
      and laboratory adverse reaction due to the administration of CTRX was observed.
      It is concluded that CTRX is a safe and effective antibiotic in pediatric
      surgery. However, care has to be practiced in determining dosage and interval of
      CTRX administration because of its pharmacokinetical characteristics.

PMID- 3373738
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in perinatal infections].
AB  - Basic and clinical investigations were conducted on ceftriaxone (CTRX), a cephem
      antibiotic with a wide antibacterial spectrum and with especially high activity
      against Gram-negative bacteria. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
      1. CTRX, following intravenous drip infusion of 1 g, had a serum half-life of 5.8
      hours, which is longer than that of any other existing cephem antibiotics. 2. The
      level of CTRX in the umbilical cord serum 6 hours after intravenous drip infusion
      of 1 g was at a satisfactory level, 15 micrograms/ml. 3. The CTRX was remarkably
      effective or effective in 9 cases, and the activity was high even in cases where
      penicillin or other third-generation cephems were ineffective. These results seem
      to indicate that CTRX may be effective in perinatal and intrauterine fetal
      infections.

PMID- 3373739
TI  - [An application of a new antibiotic, ceftriaxone, during the perinatal period].
AB  - 1. Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was not transferred well into cerebrospinal fluid in
      healthy individuals. 2. The transplacental passage and the transfer of CTRX into
      amniotic fluid were very good, and CTRX seems useful for the treatment of
      perinatal infections. 3. Clinically, CTRX was very effective against amniotic
      infections and infections of the puerperal uterus: Clinical efficacies were
      excellent in 1 case and good in 3 out of 4 cases (efficacy rate: 100%). 4. No
      side effects or laboratory abnormalities were observed.

PMID- 3373740
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the perinatal period].
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (CTRX) and its clinical efficacy in perinatal
      infections were studied. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1.
      Concentrations of CTRX in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid
      were determined following intravenous injection with 1 g of CTRX. Maternal serum
      levels were not lower than 100 micrograms/ml immediately after administration,
      and gradually decreased to about 10 micrograms/ml in 12 hours, and to 4
      micrograms/ml in 24 hours. The half-life of CTRX in maternal serum was 5.6 hours.
      CTRX levels in umbilical cord serum were about 7 micrograms/ml at 10 minutes
      after injection, increasing to 12 to 13 micrograms/ml in 12 hours and decreasing
      to 5 micrograms/ml in 24 hours. CTRX levels in amniotic fluid were slightly lower
      than those in the umbilical cord serum, and about 2 micrograms/ml at 10 minutes
      after injection, and they remained at 4 to 8 micrograms/ml thereafter for 28
      hours. 2. CTRX (1 g) was intravenously administered twice daily to 9 patients
      with perinatal infections for 3 to 7 days. Clinical efficacies of CTRX were
      judged excellent in 2 cases and good in 7, suggesting that CTRX was effective in
      all cases. No side effects or laboratory abnormalities were observed in any case.
      As a result of these findings, CTRX may be considered a very useful antibiotic in
      perinatal infections.

PMID- 3373741
TI  - [A study on ceftriaxone in the perinatal period].
AB  - Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a new cephem antibiotic with high activity against Gram
      positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was investigated pharmacokinetically in 30
      mothers in the perinatal period. The obtained results are summarized below. 1.
      The maximum CTRX level in the maternal serum was 135 micrograms/ml between 20 and
      25 minutes after an intravenous administration of 1 g of CTRX. 2. The transfer of
      CTRX into the umbilical cord serum and the amniotic fluid was very good. CTRX
      levels in these fluids were about 20% and 10% of the maternal serum level,
      respectively. 3. No side effect was observed in mothers or neonates. 4. CTRX is a
      useful antibiotic for perinatal infections.

PMID- 3373743
TI  - [Mechanism of recurrence and relapse in peptic ulcer after drug therapy; the
      microstructure of blood vessels in the stomach wall and blood circulation
      disorders].

PMID- 3373742
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the perinatal period].
AB  - Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its
      pharmacokinetic features and clinical efficacy in the perinatal period and the
      obtained results are summarized below. 1. Following a one shot intravenous
      injection of 1 g of CTRX into each of 29 parturient women, CTRX levels were
      between 4.5 and 19.5 micrograms/ml at 6 hours postdose and between 4.5 and 4.7
      micrograms/ml at 24 hours postdose in the amniotic fluid and between 11.7 and
      22.7 micrograms/ml at 6 hours postdose and between 4.5 and 4.7 micrograms/ml at
      24 hours postdose in the umbilical cord serum. It was shown that CTRX was
      maintained there at high levels for a long time and the transfer of CTRX into the
      umbilical cord serum was better than that of other antibiotics. 2. Following a
      one shot intravenous injection of 1 g of CTRX into each of 12 cases of puerpera,
      CTRX was detected in the mother's milk until 10 hours postdose, though at a very
      low level averaging 0.32 to 0.79 microgram/ml. It was considered, however, that
      CTRX affected little infants through the mother's milk. 3. CTRX was evaluated to
      be very effective in 2, effective in 5 and ineffective in 1, of 8 cases of
      infections during the perinatal period. From the above results, CTRX appeared to
      be effective against infections during the perinatal period.

PMID- 3373744
TI  - [Drug administration schedule of anti-ulcer agents to prevent recurrence of
      peptic ulcer; administration of synergistic drugs for protective factors in
      peptic ulcer--criteria of drug selection according to clinical symptoms and
      administration methods].

PMID- 3373746
TI  - [Drug administration schedule of anti-ulcer agents to prevent recurrence of
      peptic ulcer; problems on standardization of the appropriate time for the
      withdrawal of anti-ulcer agents].

PMID- 3373745
TI  - [Drug administration schedule of anti-ulcer agents to prevent recurrence of
      peptic ulcer; combination therapy of inhibitors of attacking factors and
      synergistic drugs for protective factors in peptic ulcer--selection of drug
      combinations and clinical efficacy].

PMID- 3373747
TI  - [Various problems on refractory peptic ulcers; progress of drug therapy and
      changes in the concept of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3373748
TI  - [Various problems on refractory peptic ulcers; analysis of refractory factors in
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3373749
TI  - [Various problems on refractory peptic ulcers; course and plans in therapy of the
      ulcers].

PMID- 3373750
TI  - [Progress in clinical test methods on the protective function of the gastric
      mucosa; endoscopic measurement of mucosal blood flow].

PMID- 3373751
TI  - [Progress in clinical test methods on the protective function of the gastric
      mucosa; evaluation of mucosal epithelium blood flow by reflectance
      spectrophotometry].

PMID- 3373752
TI  - [Progress in clinical test methods on the protective function of the gastric
      mucosa; a method of endoscopic measurement of mucosal potential difference].

PMID- 3373753
TI  - [Recent developments in drugs antagonistic to factors causing peptic ulcer-
      clinical efficacy and problems; muscarine M1 receptor blockaders].

PMID- 3373755
TI  - [Recent developments in drugs antagonistic to factors causing peptic ulcer-
      clinical efficacy and problems; gastrin receptor blockaders].

PMID- 3373756
TI  - [Recent developments in synergistic drugs for protective factors in peptic ulcer-
      clinical efficacy and problems; ulcer-surface protective drugs].

PMID- 3373754
TI  - [Drug evaluation according to the rapidity of healing relapsing of peptic
      ulcers].

PMID- 3373757
TI  - [Recent developments in synergistic drugs for protective factors in peptic ulcer-
      clinical efficacy and problems; tissue healing inducing drugs].

PMID- 3373759
TI  - [Drug therapy of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3373758
TI  - [Recent developments in synergistic drugs for protective factors in peptic ulcer-
      clinical efficacy and problems; mucosal blood-flow improving agents].

PMID- 3373760
TI  - [Comparative studies on recurrence and relapse rate in peptic ulcer treated with
      various types of anti-ulcer agent; synergistic drugs for protective factors in
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3373761
TI  - [Follow-up studies of the tissue healing process in peptic ulcer; endoscopic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3373762
TI  - [Follow-up studies of the tissue healing process in peptic ulcer; functional
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3373763
TI  - [Effect of GRP on gastric blood flow and tissue GRP in water immersed stress
      rats].

PMID- 3373764
TI  - [A case of small intestine ileus caused by a swallowed foreign body (koma)].

PMID- 3373765
TI  - [Analysis of gastric mucosal hexosamines using high performance liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 3373767
TI  - [Oxygen transport and consumption in cirrhotic patients--the effect of
      hyperdynamic systemic circulation].

PMID- 3373766
TI  - [Study of serum 2-5AS activity and NK cell activity in the patients with Crohn's
      disease and ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3373768
TI  - [31P-MR spectroscopic studies of rabbit liver during ischemia].

PMID- 3373769
TI  - [Histological studies on duodenitis--with special reference to endoscopic
      findings].

PMID- 3373770
TI  - [Simultaneous quantification of biliary lipids using capillary column-gas liquid
      chromatography].

PMID- 3373771
TI  - [A clinicopathological study of non-jaundiced ampullary carcinoma].

PMID- 3373773
TI  - [72d congress of the Medico-Legal Society of Japan. May 25th-27th, 1988, Akita
      City. Abstracts].

PMID- 3373772
TI  - [A case of malignant lymphoma associated with diffuse esophageal infiltration].

PMID- 3373774
TI  - [Natural attitude toward child rearing. Discussion].

PMID- 3373775
TI  - [Natural attitude toward childbirth and child rearing: an example depicted in a
      television program called "Hassai Sensei"].

PMID- 3373776
TI  - [Natural attitude in childbirth and child rearing. On the impact of life].

PMID- 3373777
TI  - [Natural attitude in childbirth and child rearing. Personal growth through
      childbirth and child rearing].

PMID- 3373778
TI  - [Approach to mothers who deliver infants with cleft lip and palate or
      hydrocephalus].

PMID- 3373780
TI  - [Questions and answers on breast feeding. Obstruction of the mammary ducts].

PMID- 3373779
TI  - [Interactions with a mother who delivered a hermaphrodite infant].

PMID- 3373781
TI  - [Ainu midwifery technics practiced by Ms. Aiko: extraction of infants].

PMID- 3373782
TI  - [Essay by nurses. 45. An experience by a housewife with experience and training
      in midwifery].

PMID- 3373783
TI  - [Love of the midwifery profession. 10. Learning from daily practice].

PMID- 3373784
TI  - [Qualifications and role of teachers. 4].

PMID- 3373786
TI  - [A natural attitude toward childbirth. Discussion].

PMID- 3373785
TI  - [Obstetrical immunology. 10. Pregnancy toxemias and immunity: triggering factors
      in pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 3373787
TI  - [Introduction to personal computers. 10. Communication using personal computers].

PMID- 3373788
TI  - [Validity of apparent delayed, transient bradycardia and variant, transient
      bradycardia].

PMID- 3373789
TI  - [Gyneco-obstetrics and Oriental medicine].

PMID- 3373790
TI  - [Oriental medicine and nursing].

PMID- 3373791
TI  - [Woman's life cycle described in Oriental medicine].

PMID- 3373793
TI  - [Acupuncture in gyneco-obstetrics].

PMID- 3373792
TI  - [Application and practice of Chinese medicine in obstetrics].

PMID- 3373794
TI  - [The current status and the future of the Japanese Society of Midwifery; in
      response to the problem raised by Ms. Seiko Suzuki].

PMID- 3373795
TI  - [Joint effort in the improvement of the practice: and additional comment to the
      letter addressed to the Japanese Society of Midwifery].

PMID- 3373796
TI  - [Pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal care of schizophrenic patients].

PMID- 3373797
TI  - [Love of the midwifery profession. Effort toward independent thinking].

PMID- 3373798
TI  - [Ainu midwifery technics practiced by Ms. Aiko: resuscitation of the asphyxiated
      infant].

PMID- 3373799
TI  - [Obstetrical immunology. 12. Summary and overview of obstetrical immunology].

PMID- 3373800
TI  - [Essay by nurses. 47. Start of new phase after 10 years of midwifery practice].

PMID- 3373801
TI  - [Qualifications and role of teachers. 6].

PMID- 3373802
TI  - [Introduction to the use of personal computers in perinatology. 12. Basic
      training in the use of personal computers].

PMID- 3373803
TI  - [Questions and answers on breast feeding. The problem of breast feeding upon
      returning to work].

PMID- 3373804
TI  - [Routine tests during pregnancy. (1)].

PMID- 3373805
TI  - [Evaluation of the influence of change in heart rate on left ventricular
      diastolic function indices].

PMID- 3373806
TI  - [Investigation of exercise stress whole-body thallium-201 scintigraphy:
      comparison between supine and sitting bicycle ergometer stress testing in
      patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3373808
TI  - [Advantage of highly immunoreactive monoclonal antibodies in
      radioimmunoscintigraphy for tumor detection: (II) Effect of immunoreactivity on
      biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3373807
TI  - [Advantage of highly immunoreactive monoclonal antibodies in
      radioimmunoscintigraphy for tumor detection: (I) New purification system for
      monoclonal antibodies].

PMID- 3373810
TI  - [Measurement of pancreatic oncofetal antigen by immunoradiometric assay method].

PMID- 3373809
TI  - [Hyperventilation stress thallium-201 scintigraphy: clinical application to a
      patient of variant angina].

PMID- 3373813
TI  - [131I-MIBG scintigraphy for the detection of metastatic lesions from malignant
      pheochromocytoma--comparison of 131I-MIBG scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP bone
      scintigraphy in detecting bone metastases].

PMID- 3373812
TI  - [Evaluation of right ventricular function using 133Xe intravenous method-
      compared with 99mTc and 81mKr methods].

PMID- 3373814
TI  - [Approach in home nursing. 10. Interactions with family members: a difficulty in
      distinguishing between personal and official relationships].

PMID- 3373811
TI  - [Serum TSH levels in normal pregnant women and patients with hydatidiform mole
      and influence of HCG on TSH immunoradiometric assay].

PMID- 3373815
TI  - [Nursing theory. 24. On "Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing" by Joyce Travelbee].

PMID- 3373816
TI  - [Interview with senior nurses: Ms. Matsuno Teramoto, chief nurse at St. Luke's
      Hospital. Interview by M. Niikura].

PMID- 3373817
TI  - [Interview with senior nurses: Ms. Toshi Yamazaki, a home visiting nurse at
      Aomori Prefecture. Interview by R. Matsunuma].

PMID- 3373818
TI  - [Interview with senior nurses: Ms. Hatsue Abe, director of "Asagiri no En", a
      home for the aged requiring special care. Interview by T. Kudo].

PMID- 3373819
TI  - [Interview with senior nurses: Ms. Aya Maeda, Professor Emeritus, St. Luke's
      Nursing College and an authority on public health nursing. Interview by Y.
      Ishii].

PMID- 3373820
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of physically and mentally handicapped children: a
      child with anorexia nervosa].

PMID- 3373821
TI  - [Designing a pamphlet for patient education concerning diet and exercise].

PMID- 3373822
TI  - [Acting as the eyes of a totally blind patient: assistance in adaptation by the
      patient to the hospital environment].

PMID- 3373823
TI  - [Nursing actions related to nutrition of patients with senile dementia of
      Alzheimer type: on intake and calorie consumption].

PMID- 3373825
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Shizuko Takama, chairperson of Hokuriku Society of
      Oncology nursing].

PMID- 3373824
TI  - [Frequency of delayed-type nausea and vomiting in patients treated with
      cisplatin, and factors affecting these symptoms].

PMID- 3373826
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 13].

PMID- 3373827
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in an aging society. 17. "Life" models and care
      planning. 2].

PMID- 3373828
TI  - [A nurse's visit to England. 13. Impressions of a congress of the International
      Continence Society].

PMID- 3373829
TI  - [Approach in home nursing. 11. Emergency actions: caution at giving telephone
      instructions].

PMID- 3373830
TI  - [Enjoyable meals: reevaluation of the diet and the role of nursing. Creating a
      pleasant atmosphere at mealtime: implications for nursing].

PMID- 3373831
TI  - [Current topics on menus to appeal to diverse patient populations and hospital
      meals].

PMID- 3373832
TI  - [Enrichment of children's meals at the hospital: the "vegetable day" and "outdoor
      luncheon day" for happier meal times].

PMID- 3373833
TI  - [Improvement of hospital meals on 3 items (menu, taste, and timing): cooperation
      between nurses and dietitians assigned to wards].

PMID- 3373834
TI  - [Meal planning to promote recovery and please patients: meals for special
      events].

PMID- 3373835
TI  - [Meal time as the only occasion for patients' self expression].

PMID- 3373836
TI  - [Meals to be coordinated with medical care: establishment of a hospital
      restaurant, "Regime"].

PMID- 3373837
TI  - [Changing nursing approach during a learning process].

PMID- 3373839
TI  - [Assistance of ambulatory patients with advanced visual disturbances].

PMID- 3373840
TI  - [Nursing of a patient with exaggerated postoperative anxiety].

PMID- 3373838
TI  - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a schizophrenic patient presenting varied symptoms
      over a long period].

PMID- 3373841
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 14. A seemingly difficult but good
      natured patient].

PMID- 3373842
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 18. Analysis of the "hardship"
      involved in geriatric care].

PMID- 3373843
TI  - [Nursing study in England. 14. Japanese nurses evaluated overseas].

PMID- 3373844
TI  - [Approach in home nursing. 12. Health care of patients' families].

PMID- 3373845
TI  - [Nursing theory. 26. On "Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing by Joyce Travelbee (3).
      Ideological background of Travelbee].

PMID- 3373846
TI  - [Why do nurses write? A need for nursing research related to practice].

PMID- 3373847
TI  - [Effective use of nursing records in research].

PMID- 3373848
TI  - [Experience in nursing research].

PMID- 3373849
TI  - [A case study as nursing research].

PMID- 3373850
TI  - [Evaluation of the nursing format at the Kitasato University Hospital.
      Reexamination of the nursing team system].

PMID- 3373851
TI  - [Patient training in basic therapy of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and its
      effects].

PMID- 3373852
TI  - [Assistance in learning the CAPD process by a family member].

PMID- 3373853
TI  - [The role of nursing in "life and death": my nursing philosophy].

PMID- 3373854
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 15. A letter to a medical
      student].

PMID- 3373855
TI  - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Tsugiko Norioka, an active nurse of Amami Oshima since
      the age of 16].

PMID- 3373856
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in the aging society. 19. The concept of identity
      trick].

PMID- 3373858
TI  - [Nursing theory. 27. On "Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing by Joyce Travelbee (4).
      Qualifications for a specialist of nursing practice].

PMID- 3373857
TI  - [Nursing study in England. 15. Clothing seen in England].

PMID- 3373859
TI  - [Approach to home nursing. 13. Hesitation at starting a private nursing service].

PMID- 3373860
TI  - [In search of a more meaningful old age: a report from Denmark].

PMID- 3373861
TI  - [Problems concerning home care: rehabilitation as a step towards return to normal
      life].

PMID- 3373862
TI  - [A letter to Nurse "Y" who worked as a volunteer at the Thai-Cambodian border. A
      comparison between the Cambodian and Japanese medical care (1)].

PMID- 3373864
TI  - [Keypoints in the care of demented senile patients].

PMID- 3373863
TI  - [Changing attitude to health and the concept of health in modern society].

PMID- 3373865
TI  - [The age of patients taking initiative in the therapeutic process: (1).
      Organization of patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 3373866
TI  - [Experience of a nursing instructor as a patient].

PMID- 3373867
TI  - [Information technology for nurses. (1). Definition of information science].

PMID- 3373869
TI  - [Diary of a physician stationed at a hospital. 16. Home care nurses].

PMID- 3373868
TI  - [Welfare and medical care in an aging society. 20. The basic concept of medical
      care].

PMID- 3373870
TI  - [Nursing study in England. 15. Food in England].

PMID- 3373871
TI  - [Burnout. Commentary: social significance of professional burnout research].

PMID- 3373872
TI  - [Burnout. Commentary: a rationalization on burnout from the viewpoint of
      psychiatric nursing].

PMID- 3373873
TI  - [Burnout. Commentary: trends and issues in burnout in the United States of
      America].

PMID- 3373874
TI  - [Burnout. Commentary: burnout phenomena and burnout scales].

PMID- 3373875
TI  - [Research: analysis of factors on nurses' burnout--relationship among perception
      of stress, coping and burnout].

PMID- 3373876
TI  - [Research: sources for psychological and interpersonal factors in hospital
      settings leading to burnout among nurses].

PMID- 3373877
TI  - [Report: relationship between burnout and personal character shown in ego-gram of
      nurses].

PMID- 3373878
TI  - [Report: the effects of clinical environment and personal character on burnout in
      nurses].

PMID- 3373879
TI  - [Nursing eye: empathy in nursing].

PMID- 3373880
TI  - [Report on the approach to the modern problems encountered by nursing students].

PMID- 3373882
TI  - [Outline of rational therapy. 3].

PMID- 3373881
TI  - [Effects of training in auscultation during clinical instruction on blood
      pressure determination].

PMID- 3373883
TI  - [Ideal form of nursing education in Japan. Interview by Teruko Takahashi].

PMID- 3373884
TI  - [International exchange with Hawaii Loa University].

PMID- 3373885
TI  - [International nursing exchange: a study trip to Mount Saint Mary Hospital, Los
      Angeles].

PMID- 3373886
TI  - [Introduction to rational therapy. 6. 10 irrational beliefs].

PMID- 3373887
TI  - [Nursing eye: planning a special program for nurses at Holy Name College in
      California].

PMID- 3373888
TI  - [International exchange based at the Tokai University European Academic Center:
      exchange between Tokai University School of Medical Technology and Danish nursing
      personnel].

PMID- 3373889
TI  - [Need to improve the standard of the nursing education system: an exchange
      between 2 sister colleges, Niigata University School of Medical Technology and
      Seishu College, Republic of Korea].

PMID- 3373890
TI  - [Boundless dreams for independence of the nursing profession: international
      exchange with Seattle Pacific University School of Nursing].

PMID- 3373891
TI  - [International exchange in nursing and education: exchange between San-ikugakuin
      and the Seventh Day Adventist Church Group].

PMID- 3373892
TI  - [The role of public health nurses stationed at the public health clinic: the
      timely assistance and handy counseling in cooperation with the nurses working for
      the municipal government].

PMID- 3373893
TI  - [The role of public health nurses stationed at the public health clinic: sharing
      of the local health problems with nurses working for the municipal government and
      offering appropriate public health services].

PMID- 3373894
TI  - [The role of public health nurses employed by local municipal governments:
      actions closely associated with the daily lives of the local residents].

PMID- 3373895
TI  - [The role of public health nurses employed by industry: establishment of
      scientifically substantiated goals].

PMID- 3373897
TI  - [Role of public health nurses employed by hospitals: a need for a system to
      relate the needs to social resources].

PMID- 3373896
TI  - [The role of public health nurses employed by industrial health organizations
      unrelated to business establishments: an effort to improve the level of
      industrial health in small and medium-sized industrial organizations].

PMID- 3373898
TI  - [The second start in nursing: experiences in planning regional public health
      nursing activities].

PMID- 3373899
TI  - [In search of the starting point in public health nursing: a discussion].

PMID- 3373900
TI  - [Movement by and moving of patients (5)].

PMID- 3373901
TI  - [The role of public health nurses in home care (1)].

PMID- 3373902
TI  - [Organizational activities to nurture mothers' capacity to care for infants. 4.
      Significance of organizational actions intended in organizational activities].

PMID- 3373903
TI  - [Regional public health activities--new actions and trends. 17. Public health
      activities by the Izumo Public Health Clinic in selected areas].

PMID- 3373904
TI  - [Overview of welfare and health legislation for the aged and associated future
      problems].

PMID- 3373905
TI  - [Problems of aged patients and their families observed during home care guidance
      and their solutions].

PMID- 3373907
TI  - [Home nursing in response to multi-faceted needs of aged patients at home:
      telephone communication as an effective means].

PMID- 3373906
TI  - [Status of the welfare of the aged being cared for at home: in view of the
      relationship between welfare and public health].

PMID- 3373908
TI  - [Networking for improved home care: an observation of a case].

PMID- 3373909
TI  - [Excretion and related care (1)].

PMID- 3373910
TI  - [The role of public health nurses in home care (2)].

PMID- 3373911
TI  - [Organizational activities to nurture mothers' capacity for infant care. 5.
      Actions directed at citizens' organizations].

PMID- 3373912
TI  - [Regional public health activities--new actions and trends. 18. Comprehensive
      public health activities at Shimane Prefecture: products of community health
      approaches].

PMID- 3373913
TI  - [Evaluation of frequencies of visits and spacing of each visit which are
      effective in the care of tuberculosis patients, with special reference to
      interpersonal relationships].

PMID- 3373914
TI  - [OK432 chemical pleurodesis as a standard therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 3373915
TI  - [Bronchial sensitivity and the prognosis of asthma].

PMID- 3373916
TI  - [Analysis of respiratory impedance in chronic pulmonary disease].

PMID- 3373917
TI  - [Nuclear hypersegmentation of pulmonary eosinophils in eosinophilic pneumonia].

PMID- 3373918
TI  - [Increased permeability in reexpansion pulmonary edema].

PMID- 3373919
TI  - [A murine model of chronic bronchial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
      mucoid strain].

PMID- 3373920
TI  - [Clinical usefulness of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in
      discriminating different pathological changes in two patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 3373921
TI  - [A case report of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the mechanism of rise in
      pulmonary arterial pressure].

PMID- 3373923
TI  - [An autopsy case of fresh tuberculous pleurisy].

PMID- 3373922
TI  - [A case of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis with marked enlargement of the
      retroperitoneal lymph nodes].

PMID- 3373924
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study on the architecture of lymph vessels and
      intranodal lymph pathways of lymph nodes in pigs.

PMID- 3373925
TI  - Blood supply and microvasculature of the lymph nodes in pigs.

PMID- 3373926
TI  - A new cestode, Raillietina (Raillietina) oligocapsulata n. sp., and R. (R.)
      demerariensis (Daniels, 1895) from Venezuelan mammals.

PMID- 3373927
TI  - Angiostrongylus sandarsae Alicata, 1968 (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from
      Praomys natalensis in Kenya.

PMID- 3373928
TI  - Pseudoparasitism by thelastomatidae nematodes in moles, Mogera spp., in Japan.

PMID- 3373929
TI  - Cosmocephalus obvelatus (Creplin, 1825) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) collected from the
      esophagus of rockhopper penguin, Eudyptes crestatus.

PMID- 3373930
TI  - Histometrical investigation of pulmonary vascular system in experimental
      diaphragmatic hernia.

PMID- 3373931
TI  - In vitro induction of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its cytotoxicity
      against renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PMID- 3373932
TI  - [Delay in diagnosis and family contact examination of tuberculosis cases].

PMID- 3373933
TI  - [Correlation of minimal inhibitory concentration values of antituberculosis
      agents against Mycobacterium avium complex strains with incubation period].

PMID- 3373934
TI  - [A study on experimental mycobacterioses induced by atypical mycobacteria (9).
      Comparison of mouse infection models by three different routes of challenge with
      M. avium complex].

PMID- 3373935
TI  - [Lymphocyte subsets by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry in patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3373936
TI  - [A case of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum lung infection associated with giant
      bullae, leading to development of herpes zoster].

PMID- 3373937
TI  - [Analysis of the results of tuberculin reactions among primary and middle school
      students in K city, Kagoshima Prefecture, with special emphasis on the comparison
      of the intensity of tuberculin hypersensitivity in repeated tuberculin tests].

PMID- 3373939
TI  - [A case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis with radiologically negative chest].

PMID- 3373938
TI  - [A case of SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone)
      associated with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3373940
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of reciprocal nodal and automatic atrial paroxysmal
      tachycardia].

PMID- 3373941
TI  - [The pacemaker syndrome].

PMID- 3373942
TI  - [Syncopal states].

PMID- 3373943
TI  - [Comparative assessment of the diagnostic value of intracardiac and
      transesophageal electrophysiological examination of patients with reciprocal
      atrioventricular tachycardia caused by additional atrioventricular junctions].
AB  - Thirty patients with frequent attacks of supraventricular tachycardia were
      investigated, and a reciprocal paroxysmal atrioventricular tachycardia due to
      additional atrioventricular junctions was diagnosed in 16 of those. Heart rhythm
      disorders were rooted in the apparent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 8
      patients, and in its latent variety in another 8. A comparative assessment of
      diagnostic potentials of esophageal and intracardiac electrophysiologic
      investigation demonstrated the latter to be an effective method for provoking
      reciprocal atrioventricular tachycardias and allow a reliable assessment of basic
      antegrade refractory periods and intervals of the heart's conductive system,
      including the effective refractory period of Kent's bundle, in patients with
      additional atrioventricular junctions. In esophageal electrophysiologic studies,
      electrographic V-A interval exceeding 90 ms during an attack of tachycardia is a
      major sign of reciprocal atrioventricular tachycardia due to additional
      atrioventricular junctions.

PMID- 3373944
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the bipolar esophageal electrocardiographic lead for
      detection of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity at rest, during
      physical exercise and with Valsalva's maneuver].
AB  - Diagnosis of some heart rhythm disorders is based on bipolar esophageal ECG lead
      that can detect a P wave of greater amplitude, as compared to the QRS complex.
      The diagnostic value of bipolar esophageal ECG lead is in that it provides a more
      reliable assessment of pacemaker localization (both nomotopic and heterotopic),
      the sinoatrial node rhythm, extrasystole localization, type and mechanism of
      paroxysmal tachycardias, as well as antegrade and retrograde (ventricle-to
      atrium) impulse conduction. Bipolar esophageal ECG lead records contribute to
      correct assessment of cardiac rhythm and conductivity disorders at rest as well
      as during exercise and Valsalva's test.

PMID- 3373945
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical picture of ischemic heart disease complicated by
      sick sinus syndrome and problems of the prognosis of syncopal states].
AB  - Combined investigation of 86 coronary patients, including 18 patients with the
      sick-sinus syndrome, demonstrated the clinical pattern of the disease. The
      contribution of atrial systole to cardiac output was assessed in patients with
      sick-sinus syndrome. A basic rule is proposed for the prediction of syncopal
      states associated with the sick-sinus syndrome in coronary patients, its accuracy
      reaching 94.6%.

PMID- 3373946
TI  - [Arrhythmia associated with continuous cardiac pacing].
AB  - The incidence and diagnostic criteria of heart rhythm disorders associated with a
      permanent pacemaker were assessed on the basis of data, obtained at a single
      electrocardiography in 1165 patients and continuous ECG recording in 49 patients.
      A high (94.4%) incidence of the spontaneous and induced rhythm competition at
      asynchronous stimulation has been demonstrated, indicating that the use of this
      stimulation regimen should be abandoned. The inhibition of a unipolar pacemaker
      by myopotentials at regular physical activity is rather uncommon and has no
      clinical value. VVI stimulation is often (45.2%) associated with variants of
      escape-capture bigeminy.

PMID- 3373947
TI  - [Late complications of VVI electric stimulation in patients with sick sinus
      syndrome].
AB  - Forty-nine patients, including 38 with documented bradysystolic sick-sinus
      syndrome (type I) and 11 with bradytachycardiac sick-sinus syndrome (type II)
      were studied. Follow-up of 24 patients with VVI stimulation (34 +/- 4 months) and
      7 patients with AAI stimulation (23 +/- 1.2 months) demonstrated that VVI
      stimulation was associated with retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction in 71% of
      patients, causing paroxysms of atrial fibrillation (5 patients, 4 of those having
      type I sick-sinus syndrome). Six patients developed permanent atrial fibrillation
      (including 5 with type I sick-sinus syndrome). Retrograde conduction slowed down
      the pulse rate because of ineffective ventricular response in 6 patients. Nine
      patients with retrograde conduction developed circulatory insufficiency.

PMID- 3373948
TI  - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cardiac rhythm disorders in the
      acute period of myocardial infarction].
AB  - The clinical course and biochemical, radioimmune and electrophysiologic findings
      were assessed in 421 patients with acute myocardial infarction involving heart
      rhythm and conductivity disorders and 49 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction, free of cardiac electrical instability. The studies were carried out
      during arrhythmias and after they were controlled, prior to treatment, at the
      peak of antiarrhythmic effect of medication, and after a continuous treatment
      course. Heart rhythm disorders related to acute myocardial infarction were
      accompanied with a marked response on the part of blood free fatty acids,
      sympatho-adrenal and kallikrein-kinin activity and carboxycathepsin. Metabolic
      and neurohumoral changes were eventually reversed and tended to normalize as soon
      as the sinus rhythm was restored by treatment.

PMID- 3373949
TI  - [Dysfunction of the sinoatrial node and sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 3373950
TI  - [Clinical significance of genetically determined polymodality of the distribution
      of quinidine elimination rates].
AB  - A population study of quinidine half-elimination time distribution has
      demonstrated a trimodality of distribution that is due to different rates of
      metabolic quinidine oxidation. The ratio of permanent serum concentrations of 3
      oxyquinidine (metabolite) to quinidine in the rapid oxidation group was elevated
      significantly, as compared to slow oxidation groups. The values obtained in these
      phenotypic groups show good correspondence to the Hardy-Weinberg law, with a
      0.755 frequency of the allele controlling high monooxygenase activity, and a
      0.244 frequency of the gene for the low activity. Effective daily doses should be
      1.5-2 times as high in high oxidants (57% of the population) as they are in slow
      oxidants (37%), and 2.5-3 times as high, as compared to very slow oxidants (6%).

PMID- 3373951
TI  - [Effect of phentolamine on the clinical manifestations of the disease and
      hemodynamics in children with 2d- and 3d-degree atrioventricular block].
AB  - Phentolamine has been shown to improve peripheral hemodynamics and have a
      favorable central hemodynamic effect, reflected in clinical improvement, in
      children with bradycardia (11 patients with second- or third-degree
      atrioventricular block) and signs of circulatory insufficiency.

PMID- 3373952
TI  - [Characteristics of ventricular capillary blood filling of the human heart in
      sudden coronary death].
AB  - A histometric and histochemical study of myocardial ventricular capillaries was
      carried out in cases of sudden coronary death (SCD) in the absence of myocardial
      infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. Heterogenic pattern of capillary
      blood filling, increased quantity of plasmatic capillaries, their reduced density
      per unit of area and sparser distribution, as well as greater metabolite
      ultrafiltration diameter were demonstrated, as evidence of disturbed myocardial
      transcapillary metabolism. Decreased muscular fiber/capillary rations, "vesicles"
      emerging in the capillary lumen and sludging in some vessels determine impairment
      of capillary perfusion. Two groups of cases were identified: those with uniform
      blood overfilling of capillaries and with uniform compression of the capillary
      lumen that must be due to the fact that death occurred during the systolic or
      diastolic phase, respectively.

PMID- 3373953
TI  - [Changes in electrical systole and heart rate in healthy persons after the
      exercise test].
AB  - Relationships between the electrical systole and the cardiac cycle were evaluated
      at rest and after exercise in 1083 normal male subjects, aged 18 to 25 years. In
      a resting condition, most formulas determining proper QT duration were shown to
      be within the confidence regression limit: QT = 0.138 RR + 0.246 +/- 0.04 s,
      while the relationship was linear. Rapid heart rate change produced a discrepancy
      between changes in the duration of electric systole and the changing cardiac
      cycle, resulting in a continuous variation of the pattern of QT-RR relationship,
      for which reason its description by the available linear formulas was no longer
      possible. A systems analysis established major characteristics of the
      transitional process, such as the maximum readjustment time (18.3 +/- 0.5 s), the
      stabilization time (67.9 +/- 8.4 s) and the number of readjustments (not more
      than two).

PMID- 3373954
TI  - [Electrophysiological study of the anti-arrhythmic activity of delagil and its
      modifying effect in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].

PMID- 3373955
TI  - [Morphophysiological organization of the sinoatrial node of the rat heart].
AB  - A combined morphophysiologic study of the rat heart sinus node pacemaker cells
      showed this conductive formation to comprise true and latent pacemakers. The
      latent pacemaker cell population is heterogeneous in terms of electric activity
      as well as morphology. The electrophysiologic and morphologic characteristics of
      latent pacemaker cells undergo a smooth change from centre to periphery of the
      sinus node. No criteria could be identified for accurate correlation of
      morphologic and electrophysiologic characteristics of sinus node pacemaker cells,
      not even by intracellular labelling of cardiomyocytes that belonged to definite
      electric activity types. The differences between these cells are assumed to be
      largely related to specific membrane structures, such as ion channels and
      receptors.

PMID- 3373957
TI  - [Use of the Russian "Lenta MT" cardiocomplex for long-term ECG recording in
      ambulatory practice].

PMID- 3373956
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of indomethacin in experimental studies].

PMID- 3373958
TI  - [Use of myocardial scintigraphy with T1-201 combined with the isoproterenol test
      in the evaluation of anti-anginal effectiveness of nitrosorbide in patients with
      exertion-induced stenocardia].

PMID- 3373959
TI  - [Intestinal fistula as a complication of diverticulosis of the large intestine].

PMID- 3373960
TI  - [Campylobacter pyloridis and its role in the development and clinical course of
      peptic ulcer and chronic erosive gastritis].

PMID- 3373961
TI  - [Changes in the pancreas in acute duodenal obstruction].

PMID- 3373962
TI  - [Disorders of spermatogenesis after resection of the proximal half of the small
      intestine].

PMID- 3373963
TI  - [Morphological changes in small intestine anastomoses in relation to the type of
      suture].

PMID- 3373964
TI  - [Remote results of the treatment of intestinal fistula].

PMID- 3373965
TI  - [Use of tube decompression enterography in the diagnosis of acute obstruction of
      the small intestine].

PMID- 3373966
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of multiple primary cancer of the large
      intestine].

PMID- 3373967
TI  - [Remote functional results of right-sided hemicolectomy].

PMID- 3373968
TI  - [Clinical aspects, treatment and prevention of adhesive intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 3373969
TI  - [Experience in using epidural-sacral anesthesia in proctology].

PMID- 3373970
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the incarcerated ventral hernia in middle-aged and elderly
      patients].

PMID- 3373971
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of intestinal peristalsis after surgery in patients with
      incarcerated hernia].

PMID- 3373972
TI  - [Methods of preventing complications and reduction of mortality among patients
      with ventral hernia].

PMID- 3373973
TI  - [An ambulatory-hospital method of treating patients with uncomplicated abdominal
      hernia].

PMID- 3373974
TI  - [A rare complication of intestinal intubation].

PMID- 3373975
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of necrosis of the stomach incarcerated in diaphragmatic
      hernia].

PMID- 3373976
TI  - [A foreign body in the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 3373977
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic colostasis].

PMID- 3373978
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of acute abdomen in hemorrhagic vasculitis].

PMID- 3373979
TI  - [Development of anaphylactic shock after endolumbar administration of
      cefamezine].

PMID- 3373980
TI  - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the breast].

PMID- 3373981
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical studies in patients with external small intestine fistulas].

PMID- 3373982
TI  - [Rupture of the initial segment of the small intestine].

PMID- 3373983
TI  - [Intussusception of the small intestine through Brown's enteroenteroanastomosis].

PMID- 3373984
TI  - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis of the small intestine].

PMID- 3373985
TI  - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis of the ileum in patients with subcompensated
      ulcerative stenosis of the gastric outlet].

PMID- 3373986
TI  - [Perforation of the ileum by foreign bodies].

PMID- 3373988
TI  - [A rare case of intestinal bezoar].

PMID- 3373987
TI  - [A foreign body of the small intestine].

PMID- 3373989
TI  - [A jejunal polyp as a cause of recurrent intestinal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3373990
TI  - [Multiple recurrent perforating typhoid ulcers of the small intestine].

PMID- 3373991
TI  - [Rare source of small intestine hemorrhage].

PMID- 3373992
TI  - [Abscess of the small intestine mesentery].

PMID- 3373993
TI  - [A case of chylous cyst of the small intestine mesentery].

PMID- 3373994
TI  - [A complication of nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3373995
TI  - [Hernia of semilunar line of the abdomen].

PMID- 3373996
TI  - [Incarcerated inguino-scrotal hernia complicated by intra-abdominal hemorrhage].

PMID- 3373997
TI  - [Incarceration of the appendix and ileum in the obturator canal].

PMID- 3373998
TI  - [Incarceration of Littre's hernia].

PMID- 3373999
TI  - [Peritonitis caused by injection of saliva into the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 3374000
TI  - [Progressive epifascial phlegmon].

PMID- 3374001
TI  - [Use of open repeated lavage of the abdominal cavity in the treatment of diffuse
      suppurative peritonitis in elderly patients].

PMID- 3374002
TI  - [Peritonitis caused by acute suppurative omentitis].

PMID- 3374003
TI  - [A tube for intestinal intubation].

PMID- 3374004
TI  - [A method of intubation of the small intestine using an endofibroscope].

PMID- 3374005
TI  - [A method of liquidation of an internal rectal opening in acute paraproctitis].

PMID- 3374006
TI  - [Prosthesis of the inguinal ligament in multiple recurrences of inguinal hernia].

PMID- 3374007
TI  - [An abscessotome].

PMID- 3374008
TI  - [A flexible electroaspirator with fiber-optic transilluminator].

PMID- 3374009
TI  - [Systemic hemodynamics and suture incompetence in interintestinal anastomosis].

PMID- 3374010
TI  - [Computer-assisted quantitative-static perimetry following panretinal argon laser
      coagulation in diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - Computerized threshold perimetry of the central 30 degrees was performed on 69
      eyes of 36 patients (men and women of all age groups and with different types of
      diabetes) one day before and one month after panretinal photocoagulation by argon
      laser. An average of 900 spots were placed in a chessboard pattern in three
      sessions (central size 100 microns, midperiphery 200 microns, periphery 500
      microns). Only patients with a visual acuity of 20/60 or better were admitted to
      the study. Twenty-seven (39%) of the eyes examined had absolute scotoma
      (corresponding to spot III/4 on the Goldmann perimeter) even before
      photocoagulation; in 20 eyes (29%) some new absolute scotomata, albeit small,
      were seen. In the outer ten degrees of the central visual field area examined
      relative scotomata are the average finding. The macular region showed no
      threshold reductions.

PMID- 3374011
TI  - [The Ammann test, attempt at electrophysiologic verification].
AB  - The Ammann filter test is a subjective method of differentiating functional
      amblyopia from the organic type. An attempt was made to verify this subjective
      method by means of visual evoked responses. Good correlation was found with the
      results described in the literature, obtained by psychophysical examination.

PMID- 3374012
TI  - [Ulrich and Ulrich oculo-oscillodynamography: results in patients with healthy
      eyes].
AB  - Ulrich and Ulrich's method of oculo-oscillodynamography (OODG) is a relatively
      new method which enables the systolic retinal, systolic ciliary, and systolic
      ocular perfusion pressure or respectively blood pressure to be measured. The
      results obtained by the present authors are in good agreement with those of
      Ulrich and Ulrich (n = 30). The intraocular pressure values obtained with this
      method correlate somewhat less well with the systemic blood pressure than is the
      case with suction cup ophthalmodynamometry. However, the correlation coefficients
      are sufficiently high to permit their application in ophthalmological diagnosis.
      The results presented here indicate that the diastolic ocular pressure should be
      determined by applying the formoscillatory criterion. The positive intercept in
      the regression equations can be explained by the assumption that the regression
      is curvilinear at systemic blood pressure values which are generally not
      encountered in humans in whom OODG is of diagnostic importance. It is suggested
      that the linear regression is a sufficiently exact model at the systemic blood
      pressures most frequently measured. Normal OODG values can be read off easily
      from the diagrams published here.

PMID- 3374013
TI  - [Increased capillary vulnerability in diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - The retinal capillary network is isolated by Cogan and Kuwabara's method. During
      prolonged trypsinization the capillaries lose their endothelial cells and
      pericytes and are transformed into cell-free tubes consisting of basement
      membranes. This occurs earlier in patients with stage I or II retinopathy than in
      controls with normal carbohydrate metabolism and patients with stage I
      hypertension. Therefore, the intercellular junctions and the adhesion between
      endothelial cells and subendothelial basement lamella are more loosely structured
      in diabetics than normal subjects, and the cells do not resist the tryptic attack
      as well. The higher capillary vulnerability demonstrated in these experiments
      contributes to bleeding and exudation. Whether the local loss of cells in the
      microcirculation of diabetics occurs primarily in vivo or is only unmasked in
      vitro manifesting pre-existing cellular damage is discussed.

PMID- 3374014
TI  - [Visual disorders caused by diphenylhydantoin: clinical and electro
      ophthalmologic findings].
AB  - In 1981 a 47-year-old white woman was given a total of 9 g of DPH for treatment
      of epilepsy. A rare hereditary defect in the metabolism of this drug caused toxic
      blood levels for about three months and led to persistent neurologic and
      ophthalmologic disturbances. In addition to an atrophy of the cerebellum,
      demonstrated by a CT scan, the predominant ophthalmologic findings were bilateral
      reduced visual acuity (0.1) and restricted visual fields (15 degrees). Despite
      intensive clinical and electrophysiologic investigations it proved impossible to
      localize the site of damage in the ascending visual pathway. Only VECP to
      patterns of low contrast (0.2) exhibited a pathologic response. It was concluded
      that persistent visual disturbances due to DPH intoxication are caused by a more
      centrally located action of this drug.

PMID- 3374016
TI  - [59th meeting of the Rhine-Main ophthalmologists consortium. October 18-19, 1986,
      Frankfurt on the Main. Abstracts].

PMID- 3374015
TI  - [Carteolol: general practice-oriented assessment of the effectiveness and
      tolerance of a new beta-blocker in the treatment of glaucoma].
AB  - During an open multicenter field study the new beta-blocking agent Carteolol, in
      1% and 2% solution, proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of 178
      patients suffering from glaucoma. On average, IOP was lowered by 5.8 to 18.7 mm
      Hg in nontreated and by 4.8 to 17.8 mm Hg in pretreated patients. In more than
      90% of the cases both the patients and the investigators judged the treatment to
      be good, or better than the previous therapy. Side affects occurred in less than
      3% of the cases.

PMID- 3374017
TI  - [Anesthesia for surgery of the head].

PMID- 3374018
TI  - [Anesthesiologic problems in otorhinolaryngologic operations from the viewpoint
      of the otorhinolaryngologic surgeon].

PMID- 3374019
TI  - [Anesthesia for operations on the ear, nose and epipharynx].

PMID- 3374020
TI  - [Anesthesia in interventions on the hypopharynx, larynx and trachea].

PMID- 3374021
TI  - [Pathophysiologic and surgical technic peculiarities from the viewpoint of
      oromandibulofacial surgery].

PMID- 3374022
TI  - [Anesthesia for craniofacial surgery in infancy and childhood].

PMID- 3374023
TI  - [Possibilities for preventing pain in dental surgery].

PMID- 3374024
TI  - [Anesthesia in interventions in the area of the head in general practice and the
      outpatient clinic].

PMID- 3374025
TI  - [Lysosomal enzyme activity of monocytes/macrophages following incubation with
      postprandial hyperlipemic serum and its significance for the development of
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - Lipid accumulation in macrophages is a prominent feature of the atherosclerotic
      lesion. Decreased lysosomal function of these cells might play an important role
      in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic foam cell. In this investigation six
      normal volunteers were fed a meal with a high fat content (68.9% energy, P/S
      ratio 0.13). The hyperlipidemic postprandial serum was incubated with monocyte
      derived macrophages. The enzyme activity of cathepsin B, acid cholesterylester
      hydrolase and N-acetyl-beta-hydrolase decreased significantly in these cells.
      Thus, inadequate response in enzyme activity of lysosomal enzymes in case of fat
      overload might contribute to the development of the atherosclerotic foam cell.

PMID- 3374026
TI  - Benzbromarone disposition and uricosuric action; evidence for hydroxilation
      instead of debromination to benzarone.
AB  - Benzbromarone is one of the main uricosuric drugs currently used. We determined
      plasma concentrations of benzbromarone, bromobenzarone, and benzarone and 24 hour
      uric acid excretion in ten healthy individuals following fasting application of
      two different non-micronised benzbromarone brands. In addition we explored the
      influence of adjusting urinary pH to near neutral values and of concomitant food
      intake. Benzbromarone was more rapidly absorbed from the test preparation than
      from the reference preparation; the extent of systemic availability did not
      differ significantly. Urinary pH adjustment had no clearcut effect, whereas food
      intake retarded drug absorption (even though not significant because of the
      variability of the data). Binding of benzbromarone to plasma proteins exceeded
      99%. Bromobenzarone and benzarone were not detectable and are unlikely to be
      major metabolites of benzbromarone. Instead we found two other compounds
      suggestive of metabolites, one of them being monohydroxilated benzbromarone. The
      plasma concentrations of the parent compound in one subject exceeded those of the
      rest of the group, possibly indicating genetic differences in drug metabolism.
      The uricosuric effect was not related to benzbromarone plasma concentrations.

PMID- 3374027
TI  - Increased release of free oxygen radicals by phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing
      cells from patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis as revealed by luminol
      dependent chemiluminescence.
AB  - Oxidative metabolism in phagocytes such as granulocytes, monocytes, and alveolar
      macrophages is becoming of increasing interest in efforts to determine the
      pathogenetic mechanisms in diseases related to tissue damage, e.g., sarcoidosis.
      The release of free oxygen radicals is dependent on the activation of the
      oxidative metabolism and can be measured by means of chemiluminescence. Basic
      luminol-dependent chemiluminescence released by monocytes and alveolar
      macrophages from 12 patients with untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis stage II was
      increased (p less than 0.01) compared with 12 control subjects. A less distinct
      difference could be observed in the chemiluminescence response of granulocytes (P
      less than 0.05). After stimulation with zymosan, alveolar macrophages and
      monocytes (P less than 0.01) as well as granulocytes (P less than 0.05) had an
      enhanced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence compared with the control group.
      Emission of chemiluminescence by alveolar macrophages was considerably lower than
      that of granulocytes and monocytes. No significant correlation could be
      demonstrated between chemiluminescence response of granulocytes and monocytes and
      cellular markers of sarcoidotic activity such as lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar
      lavage and T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the lavage fluid. In contrast to that,
      a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) could be observed both between
      nonstimulated chemiluminescence and stimulated chemiluminescence and
      lymphocytosis and T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage. Enhanced
      chemiluminescence may indicate inflammatory activation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3374028
TI  - [Free fatty acids in the serum in critical diseases: do they play a role in the
      protein binding of thyroid hormones?].
AB  - As a contribution to the question if the elevated concentrations of free fatty
      acids in sera of critically ill patients described in literature play a role in
      the decrease of thyroid hormone levels in these patients, serum levels of the
      important free fatty acids were measured in 31 patients of our intensive care
      unit in the course of their disease using gas chromatography. After admission to
      the ward, only palmitoleic acid was significantly increased compared with 174
      control persons, arachidonic acid was not different from the controls, palmitic,
      stearic, linoleic and linolenic acid were significantly decreased. In the course
      of the disease, no relevant changes were observed. The 21 patients not surviving
      their disease showed significantly lowered levels of palmitic, stearic and
      linoleic acid before death compared with the surviving patients at the end of the
      observation period. The hypothetical role of single free fatty acids as
      inhibitors of the binding of thyroid hormones to their transport proteins must be
      questioned because of the results.

PMID- 3374029
TI  - [Immunologically active preparations in the complex treatment of patients with
      diffuse toxic goiter].

PMID- 3374030
TI  - [Dysbacteriosis in patients with large-intestinal stasis].

PMID- 3374031
TI  - [Experience with using fibrocolonoscopy in intestinal infections].

PMID- 3374032
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of thermography in erysipelas of the legs].

PMID- 3374033
TI  - [Therapeutic plasmapheresis in burns].

PMID- 3374034
TI  - [Combined use of extracorporeal detoxication and hyperbaric oxygenation in severe
      forms of infectious diseases].

PMID- 3374035
TI  - [Hemosorption and ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in poisoning].

PMID- 3374036
TI  - [Pharmacological testing of the system of biotransformation of xenobiotics].

PMID- 3374037
TI  - [Alcoholic liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 3374038
TI  - [A case of glycosuria in alkaptonuric ochronosis].

PMID- 3374039
TI  - [Severe acute drug-induced hepatitis in a patient with benign hyperbilirubinemia
      of the Gilbert type].

PMID- 3374040
TI  - [Hepatitis caused by mercazole].

PMID- 3374041
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of splenomegaly].

PMID- 3374042
TI  - [Diagnostic errors caused by mistakes in auscultation of the heart and blood
      vessels].

PMID- 3374043
TI  - [Minor psychogenic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in the practice of a
      therapist].

PMID- 3374044
TI  - [The mechanisms of development and the problem of optimal healing of myocardial
      infarction].

PMID- 3374045
TI  - [Effect of the size of the necrotic mass on the pumping and contractile function
      of the left ventricle in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3374046
TI  - [Systemic and cerebral blood circulation in patients with primary arterial
      hypotension].

PMID- 3374047
TI  - [Experience using reducing dietary systems in the mass screening of patients with
      hypertension and excessive weight].

PMID- 3374048
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the superior vena cava syndrome].

PMID- 3374051
TI  - [Iatrogenic pathology].

PMID- 3374049
TI  - [Specific prevention of thrombosis].

PMID- 3374050
TI  - [Follow-up of patients with initial symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency].

PMID- 3374052
TI  - [Blood circulation during the treatment of patients with iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 3374053
TI  - [Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (clinical picture and therapeutic approach)].

PMID- 3374054
TI  - [Clinico-functional and allergological characteristics of seasonal allergic
      rhinitis].

PMID- 3374055
TI  - [Allergy and infection].

PMID- 3374056
TI  - [The cardiorespiratory system in patients with chronic suppurative lung
      diseases].

PMID- 3374057
TI  - [Diagnosis of intrathoracic adenopathies].

PMID- 3374058
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary interrelations in patients with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3374059
TI  - [Current diagnosis of tuberculosis of the digestive tract].

PMID- 3374061
TI  - [Trust is good--solidarity even better].

PMID- 3374060
TI  - [Determining the rate of catecholamine excretion in the diagnosis of
      pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3374062
TI  - [Guidelines revision: second draft].

PMID- 3374063
TI  - [Physicians too are concerned about the future of nursing. Good bye, devoted
      nurses!].

PMID- 3374064
TI  - [Not just complaining, acting!. Interview by Monica Brechbuhler].

PMID- 3374065
TI  - [For the welfare of the patient].

PMID- 3374066
TI  - [The great patient who is costing us much].

PMID- 3374067
TI  - [A daily nursing service].

PMID- 3374068
TI  - [What means does nursing personnel have to take "their true place"? 2 processes
      for the same purpose].

PMID- 3374069
TI  - [The importance of mediation].

PMID- 3374070
TI  - [The basis of decubitus formation and development].

PMID- 3374071
TI  - [Practical experiences in decubitus ulcer prevention].

PMID- 3374072
TI  - [Surgical therapy of decubitus ulcers].

PMID- 3374073
TI  - [Radiation ulcers].

PMID- 3374074
TI  - [Practical experiences in the treatment of decubitus ulcers].

PMID- 3374075
TI  - [Moist wound treatment for pressure ulcers].

PMID- 3374077
TI  - [The functional mattress].

PMID- 3374078
TI  - [Nurse instructor--a understaffed profession?].

PMID- 3374076
TI  - [The Turkish patient in intensive care].

PMID- 3374079
TI  - [Handling the urinal].

PMID- 3374080
TI  - [Possibilities of plastic surgery for breast reconstruction after removal of a
      neoplasm].

PMID- 3374082
TI  - [Work with relatives in nursing care].

PMID- 3374081
TI  - [Theophylline].

PMID- 3374083
TI  - [A question of spring in the hospital].

PMID- 3374084
TI  - [Spring and summer with pollen allergies].

PMID- 3374085
TI  - Inapparent Streptococcus pneumoniae type 35 infections in commercial rats and
      mice.
AB  - Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from specific-pathogen-free rodents in two
      rooms at a commercial breeding facility during vendor surveillance testing. In a
      survey of 274 animals from the two rooms over a period of 7 months, capsular
      serotype 35 S. pneumoniae was isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of 11%
      (9 of 82) of C57BL/6 mice in room A and 14% (10 of 72) of F344 rats in room B,
      but not from WKY rats, BALB/c mice or DBA/2 mice from room A. In both C57BL/6
      mice and F344 rats, older rodents had higher colonization frequencies. Nasal
      lavage cultures gave the best results in identifying colonized rodents. No
      clinical illness or microscopic lesions were associated with pneumococcal
      colonization in rats or mice, and no other evidence of potential pathogen
      infection was found except for positive serologic tests for mouse rotavirus in
      mice. This is the first report of natural pneumococcal infection in mice, and the
      first report of type 35 S. pneumoniae infection in rodents. The findings support
      an earlier observation that pneumococcal infections in rat colonies tend to be
      monotypic and suggest that the same may be true in mice.

PMID- 3374086
TI  - Respiratory disease and wasting in athymic mice infected with pneumonia virus of
      mice.
AB  - Although pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is ubiquitous among rodent colonies in the
      United States, it has not been reported to cause clinically apparent disease in
      euthymic mice. However, PVM has been reported to cause respiratory disease and
      death in experimentally infected euthymic and athymic mice. A group of nu/nu
      mice, housed in quarantine in a Trexler-type isolator, had weight loss and
      dyspnea. Gross necropsy findings included cachexia and diffuse pulmonary edema or
      lobar consolidation. Histologically there was diffuse interstitial pneumonia.
      Electron microscopy revealed filamentous virions budding from plasma membranes,
      and immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue was positive for PVM antigen. PVM
      was isolated from affected lung tissue in BHK 21 cells and mouse antibody
      production tests resulted in seroconversion to PVM. Experimental inoculation of
      athymic mice with lung homogenate from spontaneously infected mice resulted in
      clinically apparent respiratory disease and histologic lung changes similar to
      those in naturally infected mice. Inoculation of athymic mice with infected BHK
      21 cell culture fluid resulted in pneumonia which was qualitatively similar to,
      but less severe than, that observed in mice with spontaneous disease. These
      findings indicate that naturally occurring PVM infection in athymic mice may
      cause respiratory disease and wasting.

PMID- 3374087
TI  - Experimental Mycoplasma pulmonis infection of rats suppresses humoral but not
      cellular immune response.
AB  - Humoral antibody response to sheep red blood cells and cellular immune response
      to bovine serum albumin were studied in Mycoplasma pulmonis infected, adult, male
      Sprague-Dawley rats. The hemagglutinating antibody response to sheep red blood
      cells was evaluated at 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postinfection. Antibody
      titers during all days postinfection were depressed significantly (p less than
      0.05) in infected rats as compared to noninfected controls. Cellular immune
      responses were evaluated by a delayed hypersensitivity response. Rats were
      sensitized at 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days postinfection with bovine serum
      albumin and challenged with heat aggregated bovine serum albumin 7 days later.
      Cell-mediated immune responses in infected rats were not significantly different
      at any point from controls. These results indicate that M. pulmonis infection in
      rats suppresses the humoral antibody response to sheep red blood cells, but not
      the cellular immune response to bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 3374088
TI  - Promotion of Mycoplasma pulmonis growth in rat tracheal organ cultures by
      ammonium chloride.
AB  - During exacerbation of respiratory mycoplasmosis in rats by environmental
      ammonia, numbers of Mycoplasma pulmonis organisms in the respiratory tract are
      increased. To test whether or not exposure of respiratory epithelium to ammonia
      in vitro promotes growth of the organism, rat tracheal organ cultures were
      treated with 50 mM ammonium chloride, inoculated with M. pulmonis, and
      quantitatively cultured. After 48 hours, treated tracheas harbored almost 10
      times more M. pulmonis colony-forming units than control tracheas. Cellular
      lesions in the epithelium of treated tracheas resembled those in the nasal
      passages of rats exposed to gaseous ammonia. To determine whether or not growth
      modifying factors were released from tracheal epithelium exposed to ammonium
      chloride, M. pulmonis growth was assessed in medium collected from ammonium
      chloride-treated and control tracheas. Growth in medium from treated tracheas was
      greater than that in medium from untreated tracheas.

PMID- 3374089
TI  - The effect of transportation stress on splenic natural killer cell activity in
      C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Splenic natural killer cell activity and plasma corticosterone levels were
      measured in air- and truck-transported C57BL/6J mice (Mus musculus) on days 0, 1,
      3 and 5 post-arrival. These data are important in determining adequate
      stabilization periods for transported animals before studies involving natural
      killer cells are begun. Three control groups (phosphate buffered saline,
      polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and hydrocortisone injected mice) were
      stabilized in the animal facilities 3 weeks before the start of experiments.
      Natural killer activity in transported mice was reduced significantly (p less
      than 0.05) on day 0 and returned to normal levels by 24 hours. Plasma
      corticosterone levels were increased significantly (p less than 0.005) on day 0
      and returned to control levels by day 1, correlating inversely with splenic
      natural killer activity. This study indicates that stress resulting from
      transportation causes a short-term decrease in the splenic natural killer cell
      activity of mice, and this decrease may be related to the increased plasma
      corticosterone levels induced by the stressful event. We conclude that mice
      should be stabilized at least 24 hours before experiments involving the natural
      killer cell system are begun.

PMID- 3374090
TI  - Cryptosporidiosis in ferrets.
AB  - The diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in two ferrets who died from unrelated causes
      prompted a survey to determine the prevalence and incidence of the infection in
      ferrets at our facility. The survey of the existing ferret population and all new
      arrivals indicated cryptosporidiosis occurred as a subclinical disease in a high
      percentage of young ferrets: 40% of the ferret population and 38 to 100% of the
      new arrivals had cryptosporidial oocysts in their feces. The infection was found
      to persist for several weeks in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed
      ferrets. The interspecies transmission of Cryptosporidium implies that infected
      ferrets should be considered a potential source of infection for the general
      population.

PMID- 3374091
TI  - Valvular endocarditis associated with experimental Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
      infection in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
AB  - Intravenous inoculation of a wild type isolate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in
      opossums resulted in valvular endocarditis in all infected animals. Opossums were
      inoculated once a week for 3 weeks. Lesions became visible with cardiac
      ultrasound by week four post-inoculation. Opossums remained clinically normal
      throughout the experiment, and preinfection body weight was maintained. Other
      lesions of chronic erysipelas including skin necrosis and arthritis were not
      found in infected opossums.

PMID- 3374092
TI  - Aspergillus rhinitis in Wistar (Crl:(WI)BR) rats.
AB  - In two separate 24 month studies on the carcinogenic effect of single cadmium
      chloride injections in male Wistar (CRl:(WI)BR) rats, a total of 22% (129/597) of
      animals studied histologically were found to have chronic suppurative rhinitis
      caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. The diagnosis was based on characteristic
      conidial heads present in the sections, and positive methenamine-Grocott (GMS)
      staining of septate hyphae with dichotomous branching at angles of 45 degrees.
      Fungal hyphae balls, surrounded by a wall of neutrophilic granulocytes, were
      found in areas of the naso- and maxilloturbinates and occasionally caused
      complete blockage of the nasal passages. The underlying tissue showed an
      inflammatory response. In sections from 32 of the 129 cases (25% of the cases),
      epithelial necrosis and hemorrhage were indicative of fungal tissue invasion, but
      without dissemination to other organs. The infection rate was unaffected by the
      cadmium treatment or the location of rats in different cages. Positive antibody
      titers to Sendai and sialodacryoadenitis viruses suggested that transient
      inflammation of the upper respiratory tract rendered the mucosa susceptible to
      the fungal infection. The infection appeared to be sustained by growth around
      foreign bodies (hairs and plant material). Although focal squamous cell
      metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium with hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis
      occurred more frequently in rats with Aspergillus rhinitis, the incidence of
      tumors of the nasal cavities was not affected.

PMID- 3374093
TI  - Isolation of Clostridium spiroforme from rabbits.
AB  - The isolation of Clostridium spiroforme from intestinal contents of rabbits was
      achieved by sampling the supernatant-pellet interphase of centrifuged specimens
      processed for routine toxin analysis. High-speed centrifugation at 20,000x for 15
      minutes provided a rapid and effective means of separating this anaerobic
      pathogen from the majority of both indigenous and non-indigenous intestinal
      microbial flora. The unusual helically-coiled, semicircular shape of the
      microorganism is considered, at least in part, responsible for this phenomenon.

PMID- 3374094
TI  - The identification of Eperythrozoon ovis in anemic sheep.
AB  - Eperythrozoon ovis, a rickettsial parasite of erythrocytes, was found in anemic
      lambs maintained for reproductive endocrinology research. The parasite was
      identified in the blood films of 13 animals in the flock of 30. The sexes were
      infected equally (7/16 males versus 6/14 females). The relationship between the
      severity of the anemia and the presence of organisms in blood was statistically
      significant. One animal died with severe anemia. Light, scanning electron, and
      transmission electron microscopy of peripheral erythrocytes revealed an
      extracellular organism identified as E. ovis. These findings indicate that this
      parasite can cause disease in sheep and therefore may interfere with biomedical
      research.

PMID- 3374095
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency in goldfish fed a shellfish derived diet.
AB  - Six month old, laboratory-raised goldfish (Carassius auratus) used in morphologic
      studies of retinal development developed progressive fraying and deterioration of
      the tail and fins that reached epizootic proportions and culminated in fungal
      infection and death. Diagnostic histopathology showed marked skeletal muscle
      degeneration in the muscles of the tail and caudal body wall compatible with a
      vitamin E/selenium deficiency. Ration analysis demonstrated inadequate vitamin E
      in the commercial shrimp-based diets fed to the goldfish fry. Replacement of
      shrimp-derived diets by a commercial trout diet containing adequate levels of
      vitamin E was curative.

PMID- 3374096
TI  - Diagnostic exercise: neuromuscular condition in rabbits.

PMID- 3374097
TI  - Streptococcus pneumoniae arthritis and osteomyelitis with vitamin C deficiency in
      guinea pigs.

PMID- 3374098
TI  - Normal serum IgE and IgG antibody levels in adult male cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 3374099
TI  - Lymphoma of the pharynx and abdominal wall in two cynomolgus monkeys.

PMID- 3374100
TI  - Phenotype and age differences in blood gas characteristics, electrolytes,
      hemoglobin, plasma glucose and cortisol in female squirrel monkeys.

PMID- 3374101
TI  - An infestation of sucking lice in a juvenile rhesus macaque.

PMID- 3374102
TI  - A new method for direct measurement of systolic and diastolic pressures in
      conscious rats using Vascular-Access-Ports.

PMID- 3374103
TI  - A rodent water dispensing system for use in hypobaric chambers.

PMID- 3374104
TI  - An excellent, inexpensive lamp for small animal surgery and examination.

PMID- 3374105
TI  - Occupational asthma in tomato growers following an outbreak of the fungus
      Verticillium albo-atrum in the crop.

PMID- 3374106
TI  - Pollen allergy due to artificial pollination of Japanese pear: an occupational
      hazard.

PMID- 3374107
TI  - A survey of aerosol-related symptoms in dental hygienists.

PMID- 3374108
TI  - A survey of the use of computers in occupational health practice in the United
      Kingdom.

PMID- 3374109
TI  - Rehabilitation in postviral syndrome.

PMID- 3374110
TI  - Medical examination and surveillance of compressed air workers in Hong Kong.

PMID- 3374111
TI  - Papers presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Academic Surgery.
      Orlando, Florida, November 1-4, 1987.

PMID- 3374112
TI  - Measured energy expenditure in critically ill infants and young children.
AB  - Technological limitations have impeded accurate energy expenditure assessment in
      critically ill infants and young children. Instead, a predicted energy
      expenditure (PEE) is derived based on weight, heat loss, activity, growth
      requirements, and degree of stress. This study compared actual measured energy
      expenditure (MEE) with conventional predicted values in 20 critically ill infants
      and children using a validated metabolic cart designed for use in this age group.
      All patients were studied either within 4 days of major surgery or during an
      acute disease process necessitating intensive care. All were severely stressed
      clinically and were studied while mechanically ventilated in a temperature
      controlled environment. The study interval ranged from 1 to 12 hr and averaged 4
      hr after a stabilization period of 30 min. The mean MEE was significantly lower
      than the mean PEE (52.2 +/- 16 kcal/kg/day vs 101.8 +/- 17 kcal/kg/day, P less
      than 0.001) with a mean MEE/PEE of 52.6 +/- 17% (range 26 to 92%). In a subgroup
      of 7 paralyzed patients, the mean MEE was significantly lower than in the 13
      nonparalyzed patients when compared with PEE and predicted basal metabolic rate
      (PBMR). The coefficient of variance, conventionally recognized to be
      approximately 15% for PEE, averaged 6.35% for MEE in this study. These data
      indicate that if PEE is used as the sole guide for caloric repletion in the
      stressed infant or child, these patients will be substantially overfed.

PMID- 3374113
TI  - A possible mechanism for the release of serotonin from the gut caused by
      pentagastrin.
AB  - Pentagastrin (PG) is a potent agent causing release of serotonin (5-HT) from
      patients with carcinoid tumors. The physiological release of 5-HT from gut
      enterochromaffin cells is controlled by beta-adrenoceptors. Studies on carcinoid
      tumor cell suspensions, acute or in culture, have shown that catecholamines (CA),
      but not PG, release 5-HT, thus indicating an indirect mode of action by the
      peptide. In this study the mechanism for release of 5-HT from the gut induced by
      PG was investigated in animal models. The test protocol for patients was used in
      anesthetized cats. Portal blood samples were drawn after PG injection (0.6
      microgram/kg iv), which resulted in significantly increased levels of 5-HT at 3
      and 5 min postinjection. The PG-induced release was totally inhibited after
      blockade of beta-adrenoceptors (propranolol) or of slow calcium channels
      (verapamil) as well as after adrenalectomy. Blockade of beta-adrenoceptors or
      slow calcium channels decreased the basal levels of 5-HT, while adrenalectomy
      caused no change. In separate experiments CA were measured after PG injection in
      caval blood, drawn at the level of the adrenal veins. There was a significant
      increase in the levels of dopamine and epinephrine postinjection, while the
      levels of norepinephrine were stable. The changes of CA levels after PG injection
      could be prevented by adrenalectomy. These results further suggest an indirect
      action of PG in the release of 5-HT from the feline gut via activation of beta
      adrenoceptors by epinephrine released from the adrenals.

PMID- 3374114
TI  - Effect of cardiac index and hematocrit changes on oxygen consumption in
      resuscitated patients.
AB  - Oxygen consumption (Vo2) has been found to depend on oxygen delivery (Do2)
      following resuscitation from hemorrhage in both humans and animals. The relative
      influence of blood flow and arterial oxygen (O2) content, the components of Do2,
      has not been separately assessed. To determine the relative contribution of
      content and flow, we determined Do2 and Vo2 while making systematic changes in
      cardiac index (CI) and hematocrit (HCT). Fourteen patients were studied within 36
      hr of hypotension from which they were resuscitated to a HCT of 27.9 +/- 0.4%
      (mean +/- SEM). Following initial hemodynamic measurements, CI was manipulated by
      changing end expiratory pressure by increments of +/- 5 cm H2O and measurements
      were repeated. Patients were then transfused overnight to raise their HCT to 36.7
      +/- 0.5% and measurements were repeated, varying CI in the same manner. The
      increase in HCT resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) increases in O2
      delivery (+ 130 +/- 33 ml/min/m2), arterial O2 content (+ 3.9 +/- 0.3 vol%), and
      mixed venous O2 content (+ 3.7 +/- 0.4 vol%). O2 extraction decreased by 6 +/- 1%
      from 30 +/- 2%. The change in HCT did not alter Vo2 (143 +/- 7 ml/min/m2), CI
      (3.6 +/- 0.2 L/min/m2), or intrapulmonary shunt (18.1 +/- 1.7%). However, as CI
      was changed at both levels of HCT, there were changes in Vo2 directly dependent
      on Do2. We conclude that oxygen consumption in patients resuscitated from
      hemorrhage may be influenced by oxygen delivery and that this influence is
      related more to flow than to arterial content.

PMID- 3374115
TI  - Hypothermia prevents increased capillary permeability following ischemia
      reperfusion injury.
AB  - Severely injured trauma victims are frequently hypothermic. It is unclear,
      however, whether hypothermia itself is a detrimental or protective physiologic
      response to injury. One of the major consequences of fluid resuscitation
      following ischemic injury is edema formation, characterized by ischemia
      reperfusion injury models. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of
      regional hypothermia on a feline intestinal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
      An autoperfused segment of cat ileum was isolated and arterial, venous, and
      lymphatic vessels were cannulated. Lymph flow (Q1), lymph (C1), and plasma (Cp)
      protein concentrations and segmental blood flow (Qb) were measured. Permeability
      changes were characterized by the minimal C1/Cp ratio obtained by elevating
      venous outflow pressure. Animals were divided into the following groups: Group I:
      1 hr of intestinal ischemia (30 mm Hg) with autoreperfusion; Group II: 1 hr of
      intestinal hypothermia (28 degrees C) with subsequent rewarming; Group III: 1 hr
      of combined ischemia and hypothermia. Group III animals were either kept
      hypothermic (IIIA) or rewarmed (IIIB) during autoreperfusion. Minimal C1/Cp
      ratios (mean +/- SEM) were as follows: CONTROL: 0.15 +/- 0.02; Group I*: 0.32 +/-
      0.03; Group II: 0.15 +/- 0.01; Group IIIA: 0.18 +/- 0.02; Group IIIB*: 0.42 +/-
      0.02; (* = P less than 0.01 vs control). Reperfusion flow rates were no different
      between Group IIIA and Group IIIB animals. Ischemia-reperfusion, but not
      hypothermia alone, caused a marked increase in intestinal capillary permeability.
      Permeability increased after combined ischemia and hypothermia only if
      reperfusion was accompanied by rewarming. Hypothermic reperfusion protected
      against the increased permeability following ischemia.

PMID- 3374116
TI  - A cellular model of endothelial cell ischemia.
AB  - Endothelial cell dysfunction in ischemia may cause increased capillary
      permeability. We examined the effect of failing ATP synthesis, a major
      consequence of ischemia, on microfilaments--important structural determinants of
      the endothelial cell. Glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP synthesis in bovine
      pulmonary artery endothelial cells was inhibited by glucose depletion and 650
      picomole (pmole) oligomycin/micrograms DNA, respectively. ATP levels were
      monitored with the luciferase-luciferin assay over a 2-hr time course followed by
      recovery for 1 hr after removal of the oligomycin and addition of 5.5 mM glucose.
      ATP levels fell to 83.6 +/- 63.8 pmole/micrograms DNA (n = 11) by 30 min, 26.9 +/
      13.8 pmole/micrograms DNA (n = 11) by 60 min, and 17.2 +/- 3.8 pmole/micrograms
      DNA (n = 6) by 120 min, whereas control uninjured cells had 541.3 +/- 196.8
      pmole/micrograms DNA (n = 6) at 120 min. Fluorescence microscopy of
      microfilaments stained with rhodamine-phalloidin revealed progressive disassembly
      and shortening of the microfilaments in greater than 90% of cells over 60 min
      which correlated with the fall in ATP. Ultrastructural examination revealed that
      side to side aggregation of microfilaments had occurred over the 120-min time
      course. Two hours of glucose depletion (305.5 +/- 130.8 pmole ATP/micrograms DNA,
      n = 6) or oligomycin alone (480.0 +/- 90.1 pmole ATP/micrograms DNA, n = 6)
      failed to produce the dramatic fall in ATP or the microfilament changes. During
      cell recovery, there was a rapid reassembly of microfilaments, detected by
      fluorescence microscopy, which was nearly complete in 85-90% of cells by 45-60
      min. ATP levels increased significantly (P = 0.002) to 96.1 +/- 36.8
      pmole/micrograms DNA (n = 6) by 30 min. This model should provide insight into
      the pathogenesis and treatment of the capillary leak seen with ischemia.

PMID- 3374117
TI  - Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates ischemic-reperfusion lung injury.
AB  - Ischemic-reperfusion lung injury is a factor potentially limiting the usefulness
      of distant organ procurement for heart-lung transplantation. Toxic oxygen
      metabolites are considered a major etiologic factor in reperfusion injury.
      Although oxygen-free radicals may be generated by many mechanisms, we
      investigated the role of xanthine oxidase in this injury process by using
      lodoxamide, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, to inhibit ischemic-reperfusion injury
      in an isolated rat lung model. Isolated rat lungs were perfused with physiologic
      salt solution (PSS) osmotically stabilized with Ficoll until circulating blood
      elements were nondetectable in the pulmonary venous effluent. Lungs were rendered
      ischemic by interrupting ventilation and perfusion for 2 hr at 37 degrees C.
      After the ischemic interval, the lungs were reperfused with whole blood and lung
      injury was determined by measuring the accumulation of 125I-bovine serum albumin
      in lung parenchyma and alveolar lavage fluid as well as by gravimetric
      measurements. Lung effluent was collected immediately pre- and postischemia for
      analysis of uric acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Lodoxamide (1 mM)
      caused significant attenuation of postischemic lung injury. Uric acid levels in
      the lung effluent confirmed inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Protection from
      injury was not complete, however, implying that additional mechanisms may
      contribute to ischemic-reperfusion injury in the lung.

PMID- 3374118
TI  - Pharmacologic treatment of occlusive mesenteric ischemia in rats.
AB  - This study assessed the contribution of angiotensin II, oxygen-free radicals, and
      vasopressin to the mortality of acute mesenteric ischemia in rats. Rats received
      saline replacement (16 ml/kg/hr) for 3 hr during and after 85 min of superior
      mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Only 21% of rats that received saline alone (n
      = 14, control) survived 48 hr, significantly less than the 100% survival of sham
      operated rats (no SMA occlusion, n = 5, P less than 0.01). Neither teprotide (an
      angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor), allopurinol (to reduce oxygen-free
      radical formation), nor a specific vasopressin antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto
      beta,beta-cyclopentamethyleneproprionic acid), 2-(O-methyl) tyrosine arginine
      vasopressin] improved 48-hr survival, which was 17% in each group (n = 6, each).
      Survival improved significantly to 86% (n = 7, P less than 0.001) when
      intravenous glucagon (1.6 micrograms/kg/min) was given for 2 hr after SMA
      reperfusion. Survival after dopamine infusion (12 micrograms/kg/min iv) was 67%
      at 48 hr, a nearly significant improvement (n = 9, P less than 0.06). These
      results suggest that angiotensin II, oxygen-free radicals, and vasopressin do not
      contribute significantly to the high mortality observed after acute intestinal
      ischemia in this rat model, but that glucagon, and to a lesser extent, dopamine,
      are potentially therapeutic.

PMID- 3374119
TI  - Lack of peptide YY immunoreactivity in adenomatous colonic polyps: evidence in
      favor of an adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
AB  - The aim of endoscopic polypectomy is to prevent colorectal cancer, as it is
      assumed that most, if not all, large bowel cancers are derived from adenomatous
      polyps. While it is now recognized that colonic endocrine cells, like other
      mucosal epithelial cells, have an endodermal origin, they are relatively sparse
      components of large bowel tumors. Peptide YY (PYY) is the most abundant endocrine
      regulatory peptide localized to the distal bowel. Endocrine cells, like the other
      cells of the mucosal epithelia, are derived from a common stem cell in the base
      of the crypts. The presence of endocrine peptides may thus be viewed as a marker
      for cellular differentiation in the gut. PYY was therefore measured in colonic
      carcinomas and adenomatous polyps, as its absence would be evidence in favor of
      genetic alterations in epithelial stem cell maturation. PYY concentrations in
      extracts of surgically removed colonic carcinomas (n = 22) from all regions were
      very low compared with those of adjacent normal bowel. Similarly, PYY
      concentrations in extracts of polyps (n = 39) obtained during endoscopic
      polypectomy were also very low when compared with those of adjacent normal
      mucosa. These varied between 1 and 11% of the normal epithelial content,
      depending upon the region. Low PYY levels appeared to reflect the malignant
      potential of these lesions: highest in tubular polyps, lower in villous polyps,
      and lowest in carcinomas. The very low concentrations of PYY in adenomatous
      polyps, like those of colonic cancer, are consistent with epithelial dysplasia
      and the incomplete formation of mucosal endocrine cells. These findings support
      the hypothesis of an adenoma to carcinoma sequence in colonic cancer.

PMID- 3374120
TI  - Efficacy of muscle flaps in the treatment of prosthetic vascular graft
      infections.
AB  - Prosthetic vascular graft infection requires graft removal and often leads to
      limb loss. To determine whether vascularized muscle flaps could alter the course
      of graft infection, 18 mongrel dogs (18-29 kg) were randomized to one of three
      groups and underwent unilateral carotid artery bypass with 6-mm X 4-cm PTFE
      grafts. At implantation, the grafts were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, 2
      x 10(7) organisms/wound. On Day 3, dogs with patent grafts underwent wound
      debridement, irrigation, and closure, and the treatment to which they had been
      randomized was carried out. Group A (n = 4, controls) received only
      dicloxacillin, 500 mg po bid, beginning on Day 4. Group B (n = 5) underwent
      transfer of a vascularized sternocephalicus muscle flap around the infected
      graft, but received no antibiotics. Group C (n = 5) underwent muscle transfer as
      in Group B and were given dicloxacillin as in Group A. Dogs were followed until
      anastomotic disruption occurred or for 60 days. Quantitative bacterial cultures
      were taken from sternocephalicus muscle and wound fluid at the time of
      debridement and at sacrifice. All dogs that received antibiotics without flaps or
      flaps without antibiotics (Groups A and B) experienced anastomotic disruption.
      Dogs that received both antibiotics and flaps (Group C) had a significantly lower
      incidence of hemorrhage (20%, P less than 0.05). At sacrifice, fewer bacterial
      colonies were cultured from muscle flaps of Group C as opposed to Group A dogs
      (0.05 +/- 0.02 x 10(5) vs 0.79 +/- 0.31 x 10(5), P less than 0.05). Muscle flaps
      with antibiotic therapy may prove to be effective treatment for infected
      prosthetic vascular grafts.

PMID- 3374121
TI  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). I. In vitro results of blast path
      treatment of human gallstones.
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for
      human gallstone fragmentation, biliary calculi of different size and composition
      were evaluated to determine clinical applicability of this technique. Human
      biliary calculi composed primarily of cholesterol (Group I, N = 6) and calcium
      bilirubinate (Group II, N = 6) were shocked in vitro at varying positions along
      the ESWL blast path. All calculi subjected to lithotripsy were fragmented.
      Cumulative fragment size was less than or equal to 2, 3, 5, and 8 mm in 73, 86,
      94, and 100% of all stones treated, respectively. No statistically significant
      differences were observed following stone fragmentation when the two groups were
      compared. Further, no statistically significant differences were evident when
      comparing the energy expended during fracture of stones in the two groups, or in
      comparison of fracture with old or new electrodes. However, when fragmentation
      for stone remnants less than or equal to 2 mm in size was compared at 6- and 10
      cm positions on the blast path, a statistically significant difference was noted
      (P less than 0.001). Stone fragmentation was greatest at positions closest to F2.
      These data indicate that biliary calculi can be fragmented when subjected to
      lithotripsy and positioned on the ESWL blast path.

PMID- 3374122
TI  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). II. In vivo canine results of blast
      path treatment of human gallstones.
AB  - To evaluate the role of ESWL in vivo for the treatment of human gallstones
      positioned on the blast path, a canine model was developed to determine the
      efficacy of stone fragmentation and the subsequent histopathological injury that
      occurs as a result of this therapeutic technique. Twenty-four 16- to 20-kg
      mongrel dogs were divided into five groups: I: ESWL without stone, autopsy at 48
      hr (N = 6); II: ESWL with stone (mean diameter 16.8 mm, range = 14-19 mm),
      autopsy at 48 hr (N = 10); III: ESWL without stone, autopsy at 41-46 days (N =
      6); IV: ESWL without stone, autopsy immediately after ESWL (N = 1); V: No ESWL or
      stone, autopsy 2 hr after anesthesia induction (N = 1). A human gallstone (96%
      cholesterol) was inserted by cholecystotomy (N = 10) in Group II only. All groups
      (N = 24) had operative placement of a 6.5 Fr accordion catheter into the
      gallbladder for radiographic visualization. For each blast path treatment, 2000
      discharges were delivered at 18-24 kV. Histopathologically, the Group V
      gallbladder served as a control. Groups I, II, and IV revealed mild subacute
      injury; dog gallbladders in Group III showed regression of these changes. Total
      surface area (TSA) of Group II stones increased from a pre-ESWL mean of 6.60 +/-
      0.0.84 cm2 to 53.84 +/- 26.8 cm2 post-ESWL (P less than 0.001). Cumulative post
      ESWL fragment sizes for particles in less than or equal to 2-, less than or equal
      to 3-, less than or equal to 5-, less than 10- and greater than or equal to 10-mm
      categories represented 32.9, 41.6, 49.4, 74.3, and 100% of pretreatment stone
      weight, respectively. These data indicate that human gallstones can be fractured
      to a variable degree when treated on the ESWL blast path and that TSA increased
      significantly. Gallbladder histopathologic changes appear to be reversible by 41
      46 days post-ESWL.

PMID- 3374123
TI  - Postprandial sphincter of Oddi myoelectric activity and gallbladder emptying.
AB  - Feeding initiates gallbladder emptying and bile delivery into the duodenum. It is
      not yet defined how the sphincter of Oddi regulates flow of bile into the
      duodenum during gallbladder emptying. The aim of this study was to assess
      postprandial spike burst activity in the sphincter of Oddi, while quantitating
      gallbladder emptying with noninvasive radioisotope imaging. Six adult opossums
      were prepared with bipolar electrodes in the sphincter of Oddi. After 2 weeks of
      recovery the animals were fasted overnight and positioned under a gamma camera,
      and myoelectric recordings were begun. After two cycles of the migrating motor
      complex (MMC), 2 mCi 99Tc-HIDA was infused intravenously and permitted to
      concentrate in the gallbladder for a period of 30 min. Subsequently, a 30-ml
      liquid meal, containing 0.9 g protein, 3.5 g carbohydrate, and 3.3 g fat, was
      instilled into the stomach. Sphincter of Oddi myoelectric activity (spike
      bursts/min) and gallbladder emptying (expressed as percentage of original 99Tc
      counts in the gallbladder) were measured at intervals for 120 min following
      feeding. Feeding resulted in prompt gallbladder emptying. Sphincter of Oddi spike
      burst activity was not altered significantly in the first 30 min after feeding,
      suggesting that motor activity in the sphincter of Oddi does not initially
      influence bile flow. Subsequently, spike burst activity increased progressively,
      suggesting that sphincter of Oddi motor activity may accelerate bile delivery
      into the duodenum during later phases of gallbladder emptying.

PMID- 3374125
TI  - The effect of norepinephrine on intestinal transport and perfusion pressure in
      the isolated perfused rabbit ileum.
AB  - Norepinephrine (NE) is an autonomic neurotransmitter and a potent vasoactive
      agent, with putative effects on intestinal absorption and secretion. To
      characterize the effects of NE on intestinal water and ion transport, independent
      of changes in intestinal blood flow, we studied the effects of three doses of NE
      (0.1, 0.4, and 2.0 microgram/min) on the isolated, vascularly perfused rabbit
      ileum at a constant vascular perfusion rate. Twenty-centimeter segments of New
      Zealand white rabbit distal ileum (n = 21) were vascularly perfused at a fixed
      rate of 1.5 ml/min using a modified Krebs buffer solution (37 degrees C)
      containing washed human red blood cells with a hematocrit of 15-20%. The
      intestinal lumen was perfused at 2 ml/min with a warm buffered isotonic
      electrolyte solution containing 10 microCi [14C]PEG as a nonabsorbable volume
      marker. Net fluxes of H2O, Na+, and Cl- were calculated during 20-min basal, NE
      infusion, and recovery periods. Perfusion pressure was monitored continuously. NE
      caused statistically significant graded increases in vascular resistance, as
      reflected by perfusion pressure, with increasing doses. NE stimulated absorption
      of H2O, Na+, and Cl- with a less distinct response to increasing dose. These data
      suggest that the separate effects of NE on absorption and hemodynamics may be
      mediated through different pathways or different receptors in the intestine.

PMID- 3374124
TI  - Myocardial reactive hyperemia in the newborn.
AB  - Adenosine may be an important metabolic regulator of coronary blood flow during
      active hyperemia in the newborn. In this study, the adenosine uptake blocker
      dipyridamole (DPY) and receptor antagonist theophylline (THEO) were used to
      assess the role of adenosine in the reactive hyperemic response of the neonatal
      heart. Eighteen anesthetized, open-chest lambs were instrumented with aortic and
      coronary sinus catheters as well as an extracorporeal shunt to the circumflex
      coronary artery incorporating a 2.0-mm electromagnetic flow transducer. Ten
      second occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery catheter were performed, and
      the resulting reactive hyperemia was used to determine peak hyperemic blood flow
      (PHF), duration of hyperemia, and the blood flow repayment. These values were
      determined prior to treatment and 30 min following administration of a saline
      vehicle, DPY (0.2 mg/kg) or THEO (5 mg/kg). DPY resulted in increases in PHF from
      220 +/- 12 to 247 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g heart tissue (P less than 0.05), durations
      of hyperemia from 29 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 2 sec (P less than 0.01), and blood flow
      repayments from 65 +/- 2 to 102 +/- 4 ml/100 g (P less than 0.001). THEO resulted
      in decreases in PHF from 224 +/- 15 to 198 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g (P less than
      0.05), durations of hyperemia from 28 +/- 2 to 22 +/- 2 sec (P less than 0.05),
      and blood flow repayments from 64 +/- 2 to 46 +/- 2 ml/100 g (P less than 0.01).
      The data indicate that DPY enhances reactive hyperemia while antagonism of
      adenosine with THEO attenuates it. These results suggest that adenosine plays a
      role in mediating reactive hyperemia in the newborn heart.

PMID- 3374126
TI  - The effect of vitamin D analogs and of vitamin D-binding protein on lymphocyte
      proliferation.
AB  - In the absence of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 10(-12) M
      significantly inhibited the [3H]thymidine incorporation in human lymphocytes
      during mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) or after phyto-hemaglutinin (PHA)
      stimulation. In the presence of a physiological concentration of DBP (5 x 10(-6)
      M), the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 required for inhibition was 10(-10) M (for
      PHA-cultures) and 10(-9) M (for MLC). Several vitamin D analogs were compared for
      their inhibitory action on PHA stimulation. In the absence of DBP, the
      concentration necessary for 50% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation ranged
      from 10(-12) M [1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,24-F2-1,25-(OH)2D3], over 10(-10) M [1,24R,
      25-(OH)3D3; 1,25S, 26-(OH)3D3 and 26,27-F6-1,25-(OH)2D3] and 10(-8) M [25 OHD3
      and 24,25-(OH)2D3] to 10(-6) M [calcitriol-lactone]. This rank order correlates
      with the binding affinity of the various analogs to the cytoplasmic 1,25-(OH)2D3
      receptor. DBP counteracted the inhibitory effect of all analogs and the degree of
      counteraction was directly proportional to the binding affinity between DBP and
      the vitamin D analog. DBP thus decreased the in vitro inhibitory action of 1,25
      (OH)2D3 and its analogs on lymphocyte proliferation. Of all analogs tested, only
      1,25-(OH)2D3 had a significant effect at a physiological concentration.

PMID- 3374127
TI  - Steroid structure and function. Molecular conformation of 4-hydroxyestradiol and
      its relation to other catechol estrogens.
AB  - Hydroxylation of estrogens at C(2) or C(4) effects differentially their binding
      affinity to and dissociation rate from the estrogen receptor. The X-ray crystal
      structure of 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2) is reported here and compared with that
      of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), the 2- and 4-hydroxylated derivatives of estrone
      (E1) and with that of the parent estrogens, E1 and E2. The overall molecular
      shape and hydrogen bonding patterns of each were examined for their possible
      relevance to their binding to the estrogen receptor and their biological
      activity. A shift in the B-ring conformation away from the symmetrical 7 alpha,8
      beta-half-chair form toward the 8 beta-sofa form is induced by both 2- and 4
      hydroxy substitution. This shift appears to be larger in the case of E2 than E1
      derivatives and to be correlated with an observed change in the hydrogen bonding
      potential of the C(3) hydroxyl. In 4-OH-E2, as in E2 and 4-OH-E1, the C(3)
      hydroxyl functions both as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. In contrast in 2
      OH-E2 the hydroxyl functions only as a donor. The markedly reduced affinity of 2
      hydroxylated estrogens for the estrogen receptor could be due to a combination of
      steric interactions, competition between O(2) and O(3) for hydrogen bonds for a
      common site on the receptor, and to general interference with hydrogen bond
      formation of O(3). The C(4) hydroxyl participates in the formation of a chain of
      hydrogen bonds in the solid state that is similar to a chain seen in single
      crystals of E2. The presence of a similar chain of hydrogen bonds involving O(3)
      in the receptor site could account for the decreased dissociation rate of the 4
      OH-E2 receptor complex.

PMID- 3374128
TI  - Steroid modulation of aromatase activity in human cultured breast carcinoma
      cells.
AB  - Cortisol and steroids with progestational or androgenic activity were studied to
      determine the effects of these steroids on the conversion of androstenedione (A)
      to estrone (E1) in human cultured breast carcinoma cells. Cortisol (10(-6) M)
      stimulated aromatase activity in two estrogen unresponsive cell lines (MD, DM)
      and in an estrogen responsive cell line (MCF7) with the maximum stimulation
      occurring during confluence. Cortisol inhibited the replication of MCF7 cells but
      not MD and DM. Dihydrotestosterone, androsterone and 5 alpha-androstanedione (10(
      6) M) inhibited the conversion of A to E1 by greater than 90% under basal and
      cortisol stimulated conditions. Progesterone (10(-6) M) had no effect on
      aromatase activity while the progestational agent R5020 (10(-6) M) produced a 30%
      inhibition. The anabolic steroids 19-nortestosterone and 19-norandrostenedione
      which also have progestational activity inhibited the conversion of A to E1 in a
      dose dependent manner with 90% inhibition at 10(-6) M. Danazol (10(-6) M) a drug
      with both androgenic and progestational activity inhibited E1 formation by 30%.
      Under the same conditions, the known inhibitor of aromatase, 4
      hydroxyandrostenedione (10(-6) M) decreased E1 formation by more than 90% and
      aminoglutethimide (10(-6) M) caused only 25% inhibition. These studies
      demonstrate that endogenous and exogenous steroids may have significant effects
      in modulating the local formation of estrogens from androgen precursors in
      cultured breast carcinoma cells. This effect on estrogen formation may be a
      factor in the biological response of breast tissue.

PMID- 3374129
TI  - Effects of thyroid hormones on the receptor level in estrogen target organs.
AB  - The influence of thyroid hormones on the turnover of cytoplasmic estrogen
      receptors in the liver, kidney and uterus of intact and ovariectomized female
      rats was studied under in vivo conditions. Thyroidectomy had no significant
      effect on the receptor level in the uterus but caused a substantial reduction of
      the receptor content in the liver and kidney. In livers of intact and
      ovariectomized animals receptor values were reduced with 70 and 80%,
      respectively, 30 days after thyroidectomy. Substitution with triiodothyronine
      (T3) restored the hepatic estrogen receptor concentration in thyroidectomized
      rats to the preoperative level. If rats that had been both ovariectomized and
      thyroidectomized were substituted with thyroid hormone for the same time period,
      the receptor level was increased but did not reach the level seen in animals that
      had been ovariectomized only. The effects of thyroid hormone substitution was
      found to be dose dependent and paradoxical. Thus, a high dose of 50
      micrograms/day of triiodothyronine given to intact animals for nine days caused a
      30% reduction in the hepatic receptor content. The same level of reduction was
      seen in the ovariectomized rat given a hormone dose of only 1 micrograms/day.
      When this type of rats was treated with the higher dose of triiodothyronine the
      reduction in hepatic estrogen receptors was 50%. These results are discussed in
      relation to existing information concerning the multihormonal regulation of
      estrogen receptor concentration in the rat liver.

PMID- 3374130
TI  - Calcium-dependent protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation in zones of
      the adrenal cortex.
AB  - The guinea pig adrenal cortex is composed of two chromatically distinct
      concentric zones. The steroidogenic response to ACTH by the two zones is likewise
      distinct: ACTH stimulates cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in the
      outermost zone, but fails to do so in the inner zone. This despite the fact that
      adenylate cyclase activation by ACTH and cAMP formation are similar for the two
      zones. To further examine this model, protein kinase activity and protein
      phosphorylation have been examined. It was found that the cAMP-dependent,
      Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
      activities were significantly higher in the outer zone than in the inner zone by
      70, 60 and 800%, respectively. Although the physiological meaning of a zonal
      difference in protein kinase activity is not as yet clear, the marked difference
      in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity between the inner and outer
      zones correlates well with the marked difference in steroidogenesis that exists
      between the two zones. Of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases known to
      exist, there is preliminary evidence to suggest the presence of kinase III in the
      guinea pig adrenal cortex. Protein phosphorylation induced by the three kinase
      systems in the two adrenocortical zones revealed notable differences in
      phosphoprotein patterns. In addition, it was found that exogenous calmodulin was
      phosphorylated and that the kinase responsible for this was more active in the
      inner zone.

PMID- 3374131
TI  - The estrogen binding protein in human pancreas: concentrations in subcellular
      fractions of normal pancreatic tissue, in duodenal juice during pancreatic
      stimulation and in peripheral serum in normal and pathological conditions.
AB  - The steroid binding properties of the human pancreatic estrogen binding protein
      (hEBP) in cytosol were studied by equilibrium dialysis. A high ligand specificity
      of the protein was revealed. hEBP in cytosol binds unconjugated steroid estrogens
      with a medium affinity (Kd = 10(-7) M) but does not bind conjugated estrogens or
      unconjugated androgens, gestagens, glucocorticoids or cholesterol. Quantitation
      of hEBP by radioimmunoassay in subcellular fractions of human pancreatic tissue
      indicated that the protein is translocated into different subcellular
      compartments. Duodenal juice taken from patients following stimulation of
      pancreatic secretion by food ingestion (Lund's test) showed high hEBP
      concentrations, and the levels of hEBP changed concomitantly with the levels of
      pancreatic isoamylase, indicating that hEBP secretion was stimulated by food
      ingestion. The levels of hEBP in peripheral serum from healthy subjects showed no
      sex difference, but were positively correlated to age. Highly elevated (10-20
      fold) hEBP levels were found in serum from patients with acute pancreatitis,
      while normal serum hEBP values were found in other abdominal diseases. It is
      speculated that hEBP might have a specific role in the transport of estrogens
      from the peripheral circulation via the pancreas to the duodenum. The elevated
      hEBP levels in patients with acute pancreatitis indicate that this protein may be
      used as a marker of cellular damage in the pancreas.

PMID- 3374132
TI  - Testosterone 5 alpha-reductase activity in neural tissue of fetal rhesus
      macaques.
AB  - After development of a 5 alpha-reductase activity (5 alpha-RA) assay based on the
      capacity of microsomes to convert [3H]testosterone (T) to [3H]dihydrotestosterone
      (DHT), we analyzed 5 alpha-RA in neural tissues of fetal rhesus macaques at 50,
      80 and 150 days of gestation. This method allowed us to collect kinetic data on
      the properties of the 5 alpha-reductase resident in fetal brain at 150 days of
      gestation. The Km and Vmax calculated from these data were 4.32 microM and 22.6
      nmol.mg protein-1.h-1, respectively. Analyses of 5 alpha-RA in microsomes from
      the hypothalamic-preoptic area-amygdala (HPA) at dilutions of 1/25 and 1/50
      indicated higher enzyme activity with increasing dilution of the microsomes.
      Measurement of 5 alpha-RA using concentrations of [3H]T which saturated the
      enzyme in diencephalon (DIEN), brain stem (B.STEM), temporal (TCTX) and frontal
      cortex (FCTX) of six 50-day old fetuses (3 males and 3 females) revealed no
      obvious sex differences in 5 alpha-RA, however, a significant difference (P less
      than 0.05) between tissues was noted. The DIEN and B.STEM contained significantly
      (P less than 0.05) higher levels 5 alpha-RA than the FCTX while the TCTX
      contained an intermediate level of activity. Significant increases in 5 alpha-RA
      were observed in FCTX and TCTX with time of gestation (50, 80 and 150 days).
      Other tissues, including amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, tegmentum and septum
      also change with fetal age. These data demonstrate the existence of 5 alpha
      reductase in the fetal monkey brain. Significant changes in cortical 5 alpha-RA
      suggest some role for 5 alpha-reductase in development.

PMID- 3374133
TI  - Elevated oestrogen and reduced testosterone levels in the serum of male septic
      shock patients.
AB  - The variations in oestrogen levels which occur in men with septic shock were
      determined and analysed in terms of the changes seen in the levels of other
      steroid hormones of testicular and adrenal origin. The concentrations of the
      hormones, oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), delta 4
      androstenedione (delta 4), cortisol (F) and progesterone (P4) were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. The serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids
      and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were also determined. Two groups of male
      septic shock patients were studied within the first 24 h following the admission
      to the Intensive Care Unit. Group I (n = 24) patients died. Group II (n = 22)
      patients recovered. Both groups were compared to a control group (n = 44) of
      healthy men. In group I patients, serum E1 levels were 3900 +/- 900 pmol/l, 12
      fold higher than controls (296 +/- 22 pmol/l) [P less than 0.001], serum E2
      levels were 880 +/- 170 pmol/l, 6-fold above control levels (158 +/- 30 pmol/l)
      [P less than 0.001] and serum T levels were 1.7 +/- 0.3 nmol/l, 11-fold lower
      than in controls (18.7 +/- 1.9 nmol/l) [P less than 0.001]. Serum P4 and F levels
      were slightly increased (P less than 0.05) and delta 4 androstenedione levels
      were unchanged. Groups II serum estrogen levels (814 +/- 350 pmol/l) [P less than
      0.01] were higher than controls and serum T levels were 2-3 times less than
      control levels (5.5 +/- 2 nmol/l) [P less than 0.01]. The group II serum P4, F
      and delta 4 androstenedione levels did not differ from control levels. The levels
      of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and NEFAs were all decreased to
      similar, significant, degrees in both groups of shock patients. The dramatic
      increase in E1 levels associated with the decrease in T suggests an adrenal
      testicular relationship with possible potentiation of aromatization of adrenal or
      testicular androgens in men in septic shock. The determination of serum E1 and T
      during septic shock in men could form the basis for prognostic estimations of
      septic shock severity and for a new therapeutic approach to shock.

PMID- 3374134
TI  - Alcoholics, aggression and antisocial personality.
AB  - This study investigated relationships among antisocial personality (ASP)
      disorder, a childhood history of aggressive behavior and violent behavior in a
      sample of 77 hospitalized alcoholics. Patients classified according to childhood
      aggression (high, low) and ASP (present, absent) were compared using self-report
      measures of anger, aggression, depression, well-being and sociability. Items
      measuring these variables were rated in terms of the patients' typical behavior
      while drinking and while sober. Alcoholics reported more anger and aggression
      when drinking than when sober and this effect was greatest among individuals with
      a history of childhood aggression. ASP accounted for negligible amounts of the
      variance when the effects of childhood aggression were considered independently.
      Results indicate that both alcohol consumption and childhood antecedents
      contribute to the manifestation of violent behavior by alcoholics.

PMID- 3374135
TI  - The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general
      population and its impact on treatment.
AB  - It is apparent from previous studies in clinical populations that there is a high
      comorbidity rate between alcoholism and other psychiatric diagnoses. However,
      this may simply be an expression of Berkson's bias (i.e., an increased tendency
      for persons with multiple diagnoses to seek and receive treatment and thus fall
      into study populations drawn from treatment sources). In this article, we use
      data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey to examine the comorbidity
      between alcohol abuse and dependence, other substances of abuse and nonsubstance
      psychiatric disorders in a sample of approximately 20,000 persons drawn from the
      general population. We also examine the effect of comorbidity on psychiatric
      treatment. Every one of the psychiatric diagnoses we examined was more likely to
      occur in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. Associations were particularly strong
      with antisocial personality disorder, other substance use and mania. The
      association between alcoholism and depressive disorders was positive but not very
      strong. The presence of other illnesses increased the likelihood of utilization
      of treatment services by alcoholics but did not increase the likelihood that
      drinking problems would be communicated to a doctor. The findings confirm prior
      studies of comorbidity in clinical samples and suggest the need for increased
      vigilance toward alcoholism by physicians.

PMID- 3374136
TI  - The reliability of alcohol abusers' self-reports of drinking and life events that
      occurred in the distant past.
AB  - This study investigated the test-retest reliability of 69 alcohol abusers'
      current reports about their past (approximately 8 years prior to interview)
      drinking behavior and life events. Drinking behavior was assessed by the Lifetime
      Drinking History (LDH) questionnaire and life events were assessed using the
      Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ). Reliability coefficients for LDH
      variables were generally moderate to high (r = .52 to .81). Using empirical
      criteria, the diagnostic power of the two LDH interviews to classify correctly
      subjects as either having had or not having had a drinking problem was quite
      high. The reliability coefficient for the RLCQ was r = .85 and 91.7% of the
      identified events were reported in both interviews. Similarly high test-retest
      reliabilities and individual event agreement rates were obtained for the six
      homogeneous subscales of the RLCQ. Subjects were also asked why they had given
      inconsistent answers to life events questions in the two interviews.
      Inconsistencies often resulted from errors in the temporal placement of events or
      from misunderstanding items, rather than from failure to recall an event; this
      suggests that some sources of error in recalling life events can be reduced. It
      is concluded that alcohol abusers' reports of drinking and life events occurring
      many years prior to the date of interview are generally reliable. This finding is
      consistent with previous studies showing high test-retest reliabilities for
      reports of recent drinking and related events.

PMID- 3374137
TI  - A national comparison of public- and private-sector alcoholism treatment delivery
      system characteristics.
AB  - The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the question of the
      existence, nationally, of separate public- and private-sector alcoholism
      treatment delivery systems in regard to the economic status of clients served,
      types of care provided and treatment setting. The analysis was based on data from
      the 1982 National Federal Census Survey of Treatment units. Public- and private
      sector profiles based on the aforementioned delivery system characteristics were
      constructed and compared. Each of the profiles was also compared to a
      hypothesized profile, based on perceptions drawn from the literature, of the
      characteristics of treatment delivery in the private sector, generally, or the
      private-for-profit sector, specifically. The results of the analysis support the
      conclusion that two separate systems of treatment delivery existed, nationally,
      during the study period. The distribution of the nation's alcoholism treatment
      units among the public and private ownership sectors and ownership trends were
      also investigated using data from national federal census surveys conducted in
      1979, 1980, 1982 and 1984. The implications of the study findings for the future
      are discussed.

PMID- 3374138
TI  - Drinking habits and alcohol abuse among young men: a prospective longitudinal
      study.
AB  - The relationship between self-reported frequency of drunkenness at 14-16 years of
      age and registered alcohol abuse at age 15-25 was studied in a large and
      representative group of Swedish men. The results showed that the proportion of
      boys who had experienced drunkenness more than 10 times increased rapidly between
      ages 14-16. Before the age of 25, 17% of the boys were registered in governmental
      records (police, social authorities or psychiatric services) because of alcohol
      abuse. A high frequency of self-reported drunkenness at age 14-16 was found to be
      significantly related to registered alcohol abuse at age 18-24. At the same time,
      however, it was found that 70-80% of the adolescent boys with the greatest
      frequency of drunkenness were not registered for alcohol abuse in early adult
      years. Using self-reported frequency of drunkenness at age 14-16 as a basis for
      predicting registered alcohol abuse at age 18-24 allowed correct classification
      of only 6% more boys than would have been expected by using a random procedure.
      The present study indicated that initial drinking habits per se are of limited
      importance in the development of alcohol abuse in early adulthood. However, the
      results showed that the combination of high self-reported frequency of
      drunkenness and appearance in government registers as early as age 15-17
      constitutes a serious indication of continuing alcohol abuse.

PMID- 3374139
TI  - Stability of alcohol consumption among youth: a National Longitudinal Survey.
AB  - The present study draws upon the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS) of Labor
      Market Experience in Youth (ages 17-24) to describe alcohol use patterns over a 2
      year period during the transition years between adolescence and young adulthood.
      Specifically, turnover in current (using any amount of alcohol in any frequency
      during the past month) and heavier (drinking six or more drinks on at least 2-3
      occasions during the past month) drinking levels among panel members was examined
      by charting incidence, remission, chronicity, and abstinence between 1982 and
      1983. The prevalence of each consumption level increased between the ages of 17
      and 22 but declined thereafter for each sex until the age of 24. Changes in
      prevalence from 1982 to 1983 were shown to be a function of changes in drinking
      level status. The analysis of turnover in current and heavier drinking levels
      indicated that there was continuity in drinking behavior over time. Sex
      differences observed in these trends were examined and their implications to
      internal and external age- and sex-appropriate constraints and paradigmatic
      development were explicated.

PMID- 3374140
TI  - Familial transmission of alcohol consumption and the flushing response to alcohol
      in three Oriental groups.
AB  - Multivariate path analysis was used to examine the etiologies of variation and
      covariation of flushing after alcohol use in nuclear families of Korean,
      Taiwanese, Japanese and Caucasian ancestries. Phenotypic variances and
      covariances were partitioned into familial (additive genetic and common family
      environment) and environmental components. Although alcohol consumption and
      flushing varied greatly among the different groups, familialities, estimated from
      components of mother, father and at least one child, were remarkably similar. The
      familialities for flushing were 0.48 for Japanese, 0.56 for Koreans and 0.35 for
      Taiwanese; flushing is infrequent in Caucasians and thus was not analyzed.
      Familialities were lower for consumption, but like flushing, were consistent
      across ethnic groups (Japanese, 0.27; Koreans, 0.24; Taiwanese, 0.15; Caucasians,
      0.28). The genetic correlation between flushing and alcohol consumption was high.
      Thus, to the extent that flushing influences alcohol consumption, the covariance
      is most likely genetic.

PMID- 3374141
TI  - Dietary behavior of French men according to alcohol drinking pattern.
AB  - Relationships of alcohol consumption with diet were studied in 216 French men
      aged 18-44. The sample was divided on the basis of alcohol intake in the
      preceding 7 days: controls (less than or equal to 43 g/day), moderate drinkers
      (44-87 g/day) and heavy drinkers (88-200 g/day). Moderate and heavy drinkers
      consumed more meat and meat products, bread and toast, dried vegetables and
      potatoes than controls but fewer nonalcoholic drinks and less milk, yogurt,
      cooked vegetables, raw and cooked fruits, pastries and confectioneries. Total
      energy intake was higher in drinkers than in controls but nonalcoholic energy
      intake was not significantly different; alcohol was simply added to food intake.
      Moderate and heavy drinkers consumed significantly less carbohydrates but more
      fat and protein than controls. Vitamins A and C intakes were lower in the
      moderate and heavy drinkers than in controls but folate and iron intakes were
      higher. The differences in dietary habits between controls and drinkers were not
      related to age nor to socioprofessional status since after adjustment for these
      two parameters the same relationships were still found.

PMID- 3374142
TI  - Types of female drinkers: a multivariate study.
AB  - Data from a total of 1,055 recent female drinkers were analyzed using factor
      analysis (as a form of data reduction) and cluster analysis in order to identify
      groups of different types of drinkers. The data were derived from a survey
      conducted early in 1982 in six provincial cities in New Zealand. A total sample
      of 3,600 people was obtained of whom 2,091 were women. Of this female sample, 14%
      were abstainers, 2% were detected as outliners by the cluster technique and a
      further 35% were not recent drinkers (i.e., they reported not having consumed
      alcohol in the 7 days preceding the interview). The variables that were factor
      analyzed included attitudinal, motivational, situational and consumption items.
      The resulting factor scores were submitted for clustering and the final cluster
      solutions were cross-tabulated by alcohol consumption measures and demographic
      characteristics. A total of seven segments were identified: infrequent light
      drinkers (43%), liberal light drinkers (35%), casual drinkers (7%), frequent
      early evening drinkers (6%), nightclubbers (5%), heavy hotel-tavern drinkers (2%)
      and solitary drinkers (2%).

PMID- 3374143
TI  - Verbal and nonverbal abstracting--problem-solving abilities and familial
      alcoholism in female alcoholics.
AB  - Women alcoholics (N = 54) had significantly worse performance on clusters of
      verbal and nonverbal abstracting - problem-solving tasks than peer nonalcoholic
      controls (N = 48). On the nonverbal cluster, alcoholic women with an alcoholic
      parent or sibling (FH+) performed significantly poorer than peer alcoholics
      without such a family history (FH-) and nonalcoholic FH+ and FH- groups. On the
      verbal cluster, FH+ alcoholics performed significantly worse than the
      nonalcoholic groups. FH- alcoholics did not differ significantly from the
      nonalcoholic groups on either of the clusters. There were no differences between
      FH+ and FH- nonalcoholics on the two types of tasks. The results suggest that
      female alcoholics have a generalized deficit on cognitive tasks involving
      abstracting and problem-solving, and that these deficits tend to be more
      pronounced in alcoholic women with a positive family history of alcohol abuse.
      Whether these deficits are due to a premorbid lowering of abstracting - problem
      solving abilities in the FH+ individuals who subsequently become alcoholics, or
      are the result of a selective vulnerability of these cognitive processes to the
      effects of alcohol abuse in such subjects, or some combination of these factors,
      remains to be investigated.

PMID- 3374144
TI  - A new site for totally implanted central venous access system in patients with
      malignancy: long-term results of 10 cases.
AB  - In this study of 10 patients with central venous access system, the reservoir
      body was implanted in the lower limb. Only one complication was observed per
      1,560 days of function time. The anterolateral distal half of the thigh is a good
      alternative site for the injection port in cancer patients whose jugular veins
      and veins in the arms are not available owing to a tumour or previous treatments.

PMID- 3374145
TI  - Factors influencing survival in 242 cases of primary gastric carcinoma.
AB  - Two hundred and forty-two patients who underwent curative surgery for primary
      gastric cancer between 1965 and 1979 were reviewed, and the influence on survival
      of the type of surgical treatment, primary tumor location, operative mortality,
      and stage of disease was analyzed. Operative mortality was significantly
      increased in patients with multicentric primaries compared to all other sites (P
      less than .001) and in patients undergoing total gastrectomy versus subtotal
      gastric resection (P less than 0.001). Stage III-IV lesions had a significantly
      worse prognosis than stage I-II tumors (P less than .001). Our data confirm that
      early diagnosis could lead to increased survival.

PMID- 3374146
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration cytology has been increasingly used in recent years to
      diagnose pancreatic lesions. During a 6 year period, we performed 33 aspiration
      cytologies of the pancreas. Twenty-one were performed during exploratory
      laparotomy, seven under the guidance of computed tomography and five guided by
      ultrasonography. In seven cases inflammatory lesions were found, while 26 cases
      were of malignant tumors. Out of these patients, 10 underwent additional tissue
      biopsy. The correlation between cytology and histology was 100%. We suggest that
      fine needle cytology of pancreatic and other intraabdominal lesions can be
      considered an accurate diagnostic procedure.

PMID- 3374147
TI  - The immunological aspects of keloid tumor formation.
AB  - This study considered possible immunological alterations that may be associated
      with keloid tumor formation. Laser immunonephelometry was used to quantitate
      circulating immune complexes and complement C3 and C4 among keloid formers. IgG
      complex level was significantly higher, while C3 and C4 were lower, than in the
      control population. The raised IgG was positively correlated with C4 (r = 0.15).
      When considered with reports of earlier workers, keloid genesis could result from
      genetic predisposition, environmental trigger, or localized and systemic immune
      complex formations. The relationship of these factors to a disequilibrium between
      fibroblast synthesis of collagen and turnover degradation still remains unclear.

PMID- 3374148
TI  - Early oral and oropharyngeal cancer in nontobacco users.
AB  - In order to define the clinical behavior and characteristics of oral and
      oropharyngeal squamous cancer in nontobacco users, 40 surgically treated American
      Joint Commission (AJC) stage I and II tumors in 36 nontobacco-using patients were
      retrosepctively compared with 306 similarly staged and treated tumors in 286
      tobacco-using patients. Significantly more nontobacco-associated tumors were
      found in females (P less than 0.005) whose mean age was significantly greater
      than that of tobacco users (P less than 0.001). Nontobacco users had
      proportionately more tumors of the buccal mucosa, oral tongue, and hard palate
      and fewer of the floor of mouth (P less than .025). There was no difference in
      the distribution of histologic grades between the two groups. The incidence of
      initial or subsequent nodal disease and the incidence of second upper
      aerodigestive tract cancers were similar. Despite similar rates of failure of
      initial treatment, the mean time to failure was significantly greater in
      nontobacco users (P less than 0.01). There was no difference in determinate 5
      year survival between the two groups. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers in
      nontobacco users are no more aggressive than similar lesions in tobacco users.

PMID- 3374149
TI  - Expression of the human transferrin receptor in subrenal capsule assay in the
      mouse.
AB  - The expression of a cell proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor,
      was studied in ten human gastrointestinal tumors prior to and after implantation
      under the renal capsule in the mouse (1-6 days). These data were compared to the
      increase in tumor size in situ, and to the infiltration of inflammatory cells.
      All tumors studied expressed the transferrin receptor prior to implantation.
      Forty of 47 implants expressed the receptor, the strongest expression occurring
      on day 4, accompanied by a reorganization of tumor tissue to a morphology similar
      to that before implantation. On days 5 and 6 the expression of the transferrin
      receptor declined. Implants showed maximal increase in size on days 1 and 2,
      decreased in size on days 3 and 4, and increased again on days 5 and 6. The
      increase in the size of the implants on days 5 and 6 was accompanied by
      considerable infiltration of inflammatory cells, and was probably mostly a result
      of invading host cells and inflammation. If size alone is used as a criterion for
      tumor proliferation in this subrenal capsule assay, day 4 seems to be the most
      appropriate for evaluation. This is supported by a strong expression of a
      proliferation marker, the human transferrin receptor, during this time.

PMID- 3374150
TI  - Studies on the pharmacological activity of Amazonian Euphorbiaceae.
AB  - Plant material from 34 Amazonian species of the family Euphorbiaceae were
      collected and extracts prepared. Sixteen of these species have a documented use
      as a medicinal agent. The extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit the
      growth of the bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; the yeasts,
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans; the dermatophytic fungi,
      Microsporum canis, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton
      gallinae; the viruses, Sindbis virus and murine cytomegalovirus; and tumours
      induced on potato discs by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. They were also examined for
      their toxicity to brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The results are discussed with
      respect to ethnobotanical information available for some of the species.

PMID- 3374151
TI  - Proliferative effect of ginseng saponin on neurite extension of primary cultured
      neurons of the rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effect of the crude saponins of Panax ginseng root on neurite extension of
      primary cultured neurons of the rat cerebral cortex was examined. Addition of the
      crude saponin extract to the culture medium showed a proliferative effect of
      neurite extension in 24-h and 48-h cultures. The looping phenomenon and
      disappearance of the growth cone due to the addition of cytochalasin-B to the
      culture medium were protected by the addition of the crude saponin. Addition of
      the crude saponin extract showed increases of about 1.5-fold in ganglioside
      content of cultured neurons. These results suggest that the crude saponin extract
      of the ginseng root has a promoting effect on neurite extension and also a
      protecting effect on distortion of neurites due to cytochalasin-B.

PMID- 3374152
TI  - Anticonvulsant activity of root and stem extracts of Calliandra portoricensis.
AB  - A comparative study of the anticonvulsant properties of root and stem extracts of
      Calliandra portoricensis was carried out in mice. The convulsion models were
      pentylenetetrazole- and electroshock-induced convulsions. The results showed that
      the aqueous extracts of both root and stem possess anticonvulsant activity when
      given intraperitoneally. An alkaloidal extract did not show any anticonvulsant
      action up to 316 mg/kg i.p.

PMID- 3374153
TI  - Conservative operation for mitral stenosis. Independent determinants of late
      results.
AB  - A retrospective study was designed to define the independent determinants of late
      results in 282 consecutive patients operated on for mitral stenosis between 1978
      and 1985. A total of 25 variables were investigated by multivariate discriminant
      analysis for their possible influence on symptomatic outcome, subsequent
      reoperation, postoperative thromboembolism, and death. All the patients underwent
      a conservative mitral valve operation. In addition, 25 patients required
      concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty. The surgical mortality rate was 1.4% and the
      late mortality, reoperation, and thromboembolism rates were, respectively, 0.14%,
      0.80%, and 0.95%/pt-yr. Actuarial probability of complication-free survival at 8
      years was 83% +/- 3.7%. Left atrial size on the M-mode echocardiograms, tricuspid
      annuloplasty, mitral annuloplasty, presence of left atrial thrombus, male gender,
      and separation of subvalvular apparatus portended a significantly higher
      likelihood of poor postoperative symptomatic status (p less than 0.0005).
      Preoperative mild mitral regurgitation, E to F slope on the M-mode
      echocardiogram, and tricuspid annuloplasty had significant influence on the need
      for late reoperation (p less than 0.05). Postoperative atrial fibrillation,
      mitral valve amplitude on the M-mode echocardiogram, preoperative embolism, and
      residual mitral incompetence had an independent predictive power for
      postoperative thromboembolism (p less than 0.05). Finally, preoperative atrial
      fibrillation, preoperative cardiothoracic ratio, postoperative left atrial size,
      and postoperative atrial fibrillation all influenced the probability of long-term
      complications. These results suggest that earlier operation should be considered
      in patients with mitral stenosis, to increase the complication-free survival
      rate.

PMID- 3374154
TI  - Mitral and aortic valve decalcification by ultrasonic energy. Experimental
      report.
AB  - In this investigation we used ultrasonic energy to decalcify 10 mitral and six
      aortic valves after they had been surgically removed. The calcium was
      disintegrated in all cases and normal valvular tissue was preserved. The
      fragments of disintegrated calcium were collected in a suction bottle, which
      prevented peripheral embolism. The ultrasonic urologic probe is an unwieldy
      instrument for cardiac surgery, and we suggest the manufacture of a new probe for
      clinical use in our specialty.

PMID- 3374155
TI  - Thymoma: results with complete resection and adjuvant postoperative irradiation
      in 141 consecutive patients.
AB  - A series of 141 patients with thymoma was studied with regard to the way in which
      complete resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy influenced
      prognosis according to the stage and histologic type of thymoma. Postoperative
      radiation therapy (30 Gy in 3 weeks to 50 Gy in 6 weeks) was performed in 73.1%
      of the patients. Thirty-five of 48 patients with thymoma invading the surrounding
      tissues (stage III) underwent complete resection, with survival rates of 100% at
      5 years and 94.7% at 10 and 15 years. The prognosis in these patients was
      comparable with those in 45 patients with no invasion (stage I) and in 33
      patients with capsular invasion (stage III), all of whom underwent complete
      resection. Complete resection was done in 18 of 26 patients with epithelial cell
      thymoma, and there were no deaths by tumor until 15 years after the operation.
      There were no statistically significant differences in the survival rates of
      patients undergoing complete resection according to cell type (33 of 36 patients
      with lymphocyte predominant type and 61 of 77 patients with mixed cell type). The
      survival rate in six patients with epithelial cell type who underwent subtotal
      resection was not significantly different from that of 12 patients who underwent
      biopsy alone. Our findings indicate that complete resection of thymoma followed
      by postoperative radiation therapy results in a "benign" postoperative course,
      regardless of the stage and histologic type. Therefore, an aggressive surgical
      approach, such as resection of the superior vena caval system followed by
      reconstruction with a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft and/or complete
      pleuropneumonectomy, is justified for advanced thymoma, although the long-term
      results of such extended operations are still unclear.

PMID- 3374156
TI  - The structure of the pulmonary circulation in tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary
      atresia. A quantitative cineangiographic study.
AB  - Cineangiograms of 172 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia
      were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed retrospectively. FINDINGS: Twenty
      eight (16%) patients had congenital absence of the central and unbranched hilar
      portions of the left or right pulmonary artery or both, and thus had congenitally
      nonconfluent pulmonary arteries. Five additional patients (3%) with originally
      confluent pulmonary arteries had nonconfluent ones because of an end-to-end
      surgical shunt, as did seven others (4%) because of thrombosis of one pulmonary
      artery. Among the 132 patients with confluent right and left pulmonary arteries,
      70 (53% of 132) had incomplete arborization (distribution) of one or both, as did
      23 (82% of 28) of those with congenitally nonconfluent pulmonary arteries (P for
      difference = 0.005). Ten (36% of 28) of the latter group had fewer than 10
      pulmonary vascular segments (normal is 20) in continuity with central pulmonary
      arteries, compared with four (3%) of the former group. The proximal left and
      right pulmonary arteries were small but variable in size in all groups (median
      value 1.05 McGoon ratio), but were largest in the patients with confluent
      pulmonary arteries. Seventy-nine (60% of 132) patients with confluent left and
      right pulmonary arteries had large aortopulmonary collateral arteries, as did
      100% of those with congenitally nonconfluent pulmonary arteries (P less than
      0.001). The number of large aortopulmonary collateral arteries correlated
      inversely with the completeness of arborization of the left and right pulmonary
      arteries (P less than 0.0001). Inferences: Most patients with tetralogy and
      pulmonary atresia have gross morphologic abnormalities in the pulmonary
      vasculature and differ quantitatively in this regard from those with tetralogy
      and pulmonary stenosis. The prevalences of the various types of these
      abnormalities are considerably interrelated.

PMID- 3374157
TI  - An experimental in vivo study of the canine internal mammary artery and its
      response to vasoactive drugs.
AB  - The internal mammary artery is clearly the preferred conduit for most patients
      undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the hemodynamic responses of
      this graft to vasoactive agents immediately after bypass have not been
      documented. We have therefore studied blood flow in the canine internal mammary
      artery after anastomosis to the left anterior descending artery, and its response
      to epinephrine, metaraminol, isoproterenol, and calcium chloride. Blood flow in
      the internal mammary artery clearly paralleled changes in systolic blood pressure
      with perfusion pressure being of prime importance in maintaining flow in the
      internal mammary artery. No deleterious effect of systemic vasoconstricting
      agents was demonstrated. We suggest that the administration of these drugs is
      safe in patients with internal mammary artery grafts.

PMID- 3374158
TI  - The porous metal-surfaced heart valve. Long-term study without long-term
      anticoagulation in mitral position in goats.
AB  - On review, all thromboembolic complications in mechanical heart valves start from
      a thrombus lining that covers the suture ring. The thrombus organizes to a
      fibrous white sheet over the suture ring, which then can protrude out over the
      polished surface of the valve ring flange. Pieces of the thrombus can be knocked
      off by the disc and cause emboli. To diminish thromboembolic complications, one
      must either prevent this thrombus from protruding into the groove between the
      suture ring and the valve flange or allow the thrombus to be organized as a thin
      covering with endothelium-like cells as a continuation from the suture ring over
      the valve flange. This type of covering was obtained during a short period of
      anticoagulation by applying a microporous surface to the Bjork-Shiley Monostrut
      mitral valve. These valves were implanted in one set of goats and the
      conventional Bjork-Shiley Monostrut mitral valve, with a polished surface, in
      another set of goats (control group). The two groups were then compared with
      regard to the incidence of thromboembolic complications encountered during 1
      year's follow-up without anticoagulation. The goats were put to death and
      examination revealed the following observations: In the control group, (1) a
      varying amount of thrombus formation was found in the groove between the suture
      ring and the flange in all nine goats and (2) thrombus formation did not start on
      the polished struts or discs in any of the nine goats. In the group with the
      microporous Monostrut mitral valve, 19 animals were put to death and examined:
      (1) The endothelialized covering over the suture ring, thinner when carbon
      coated, continued over the microporous flange, tapering off in the center of the
      orifice in all 19 valves on the ventricular side and in 14 of the 19 valves on
      the atrial side; (2) the center of the orifice and the struts were never
      completely covered by endothelialized tissue because of high flow; (3) there was
      an increased incidence of small thrombus formation on the disc-contacting
      microporous surface of both inflow and outflow struts. Therefore these surfaces
      should not be coated but left polished.

PMID- 3374159
TI  - Total replacement of superior vena cava because of invasive thymoma: seven years'
      survival.

PMID- 3374160
TI  - Left leg monoplegia after secondary aortoplasty.

PMID- 3374161
TI  - Reperfusion injury after temporary coronary occlusion.
AB  - In 24 anesthetized open-chest dogs, we examined the time course of changes in
      contractile function, diastolic muscle stiffness (sonomicrometry), tissue water
      content, and ultrastructure after 1 hour of occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery and after 2 hours of unmodified reperfusion. One hour
      of occlusion of the left anterior descending artery replaced active shortening
      with passive bulging (21.4% +/- 2.9% versus -5.9% +/- 0.9%, p less than 0.05) in
      the involved segment. There was no increase in either subendocardial water
      content (78.6% +/- 0.1% versus 79.7% +/- 0.7%) or operative muscle stiffness
      (2.80 +/- 0.72 versus 2.36 +/- 0.42 mm Hg/mm) after the occlusion period. There
      were only mild to moderate ultrastructural alterations suggestive of reversible
      injury. In sharp contrast, reperfusion was associated with a 2.48% increase in
      subendocardial water content (p less than 0.05), a 42% increase in diastolic
      muscle stiffness (3.34 +/- 0.42 mm Hg/mm, p less than 0.05), and greater
      ultrastructural damage. We conclude that myocardial injury is significantly
      extended with unmodified blood reperfusion after temporary coronary occlusion.

PMID- 3374162
TI  - Restoration of left ventricular systolic performance after reattachment of the
      mitral chordae tendineae. The importance of valvular-ventricular interaction.
AB  - Clinical studies suggest that chorda-sparing mitral valve replacement techniques
      are associated with superior postoperative outcome, and several animal
      experiments have shown that disruption of the mitral subvalvular apparatus is
      followed by deterioration of left ventricular systolic function. One essential
      element, however, underlying the importance of chordal integrity for left
      ventricular function remains unproved: All investigators heretofore have been
      unable to demonstrate that left ventricular systolic performance can be restored
      by chordal reattachment after disruption of annular-papillary continuity.
      Therefore, we studied the effects of chordal detachment and subsequent chordal
      reattachment on left ventricular systolic performance using an in situ,
      isovolumic heart preparation in 10 halothane-anesthetized swine. The slope and
      left ventricular volume intercept of the isovolumic peak pressure-volume
      relationship were measured to assess global left ventricular systolic performance
      independent of load. Coronary perfusion pressure was maintained constant (95 +/-
      6 mm Hg [+/- standard deviation]), and heart rates were in the physiologic range
      (133 +/- 26 min-1). Slope changed significantly (repeated measures analysis of
      variance, p = 0.0002), decreasing by 29% (from 4.74 +/- 0.94 to 3.37 +/- 0.87 mm
      Hg/ml, p less than 0.001) after chordal detachment and then returning to baseline
      (6.05 +/- 2.38 mm Hg/ml, p = 0.001) after chordal reattachment. Slope after
      chordal reattachment was not significantly different from the baseline value (p =
      0.074). Volume intercept did not change significantly (p = 0.44) at any time. We
      conclude that the acute decrease in left ventricular contractility associated
      with surgical interruption of annular-ventricular continuity can, in fact, be
      reversed by chordal reattachment in this experimental model (isovolumically
      contracting normal porcine hearts). These data provide concrete confirmation of
      the concept of valvular-ventricular interaction; if these findings can be
      corroborated in the dilated, human left ventricle, such would strongly support
      efforts to preserve the mitral chordae tendineae during clinical mitral valve
      replacement to optimize postoperative left ventricular function.

PMID- 3374163
TI  - Medtronic Hall valve replacement in a third-world population group. A review of
      the performance of 1000 prostheses.
AB  - Between May 1980 and December 1984, 1000 Medtronic Hall prostheses (538 mitral
      and 462 aortic) were implanted in 852 patients (mean age 30 +/- 15 years) of a
      third-world type of population group. The most common valve lesions were aortic
      and mitral regurgitation, and 32% of the patients were in New York Heart
      Association class IV or greater. Double valve (aortic and mitral) operations were
      performed in 209 patients. The 782 operative survivors were followed up for 2 to
      6.5 years (mean 3.5 years) for a cumulative 2676 patient-years. Valve performance
      was analyzed in each position separately for valve-related complications. Results
      for the whole group for the following events are expressed in both linearized
      (percent/patient-year) and actuarial (percent +/- standard error of the mean
      freedom at 5 years) terms, respectively: valve-related mortality, 2.9 and 92 +/-
      2; reoperation, 1.9 and 90 +/- 2; systemic thromboembolism, 3.3 and 85 +/- 2;
      thrombotic obstruction, 1.2 and 95 +/- 1; prosthetic valve endocarditis, 0.7 and
      97 +/- 1; anticoagulant-related hemorrhage, 0.7 and 98 +/- 1; and periprosthetic
      leak, 0.7 and 97 +/- 1. Corresponding composite figures for valve failure were
      4.3 and 85 +/- 2, and for all valve-related morbidity and mortality were 6.7 and
      75 +/- 3. Thrombotic obstruction (fatal in 71% of the cases), anticoagulant
      related hemorrhage (61% fatal), and prosthetic endocarditis (44% fatal) were the
      most lethal complications. Although the differences did not reach statistical
      significance, aortic prostheses appeared to have a higher incidence of
      complications than the mitral prostheses. When analyzed against the background of
      an essentially noncompliant population group, the Medtronic Hall prosthesis
      proved to be reliable and remarkably free from structural failure. The high
      incidence of thromboembolism and thrombotic obstruction still mandates
      anticoagulation.

PMID- 3374164
TI  - Influence of suture on bronchial anastomosis in growing puppies.
AB  - A comparison study of synthetic nonabsorbable suture (nylon or Prolene) with
      absorbable suture (Dexon-S or Vicryl) for bronchoplasty was performed in growing
      puppies. The experiments (n = 15) were followed up for 185 to 381 days (average
      323.8 days). Bronchoscopic and bronchographic studies were done at intervals. No
      stenosis was observed in the group receiving absorbable suture (n = 8), and the
      anastomoses grew proportionately with the proximal and distal bronchi. In the
      group receiving nonabsorbable suture (n = 7), variable stenoses developed; two
      moderate and two severe stenoses were observed during the early healing stage by
      bronchoscopic examination. In the sequential bronchograms, an increase of
      stenosis was noted in two dogs. The results suggest that absorbable suture is
      superior to nonabsorbable suture in pediatric bronchoplasty.

PMID- 3374165
TI  - Variations in surface charge distribution of leukemic and non-leukemic
      transformed cells.
AB  - The surface negative charge distribution of fresh leukemic cells from patients
      with acute leukemia was examined with cationized ferritin (CF), an electron dense
      label of anionic sites and compared with leukemic cells from phase-cycle
      fractionated populations of a human leukemic cell line K-562. Normal-untreated
      and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-transformed lymphocytes were also tested. A CF
      induced redistribution of anionic sites into clusters and patches within a wide
      range of variations in density was observed electron microscopically both in
      fresh acute leukemic cells and in unseparated cells of the K-562 line. Cells of
      the G0/G1 fraction from a phase-cycle separated K-562 population exhibit a higher
      density of CF label per unit length of membrane as compared with the G2 + M cell
      fraction. PHA-benign transformed normal lymphocytes exhibit an even and
      continuous CF labeling, similar to that of normal-untreated lymphocytes. An
      attempt was made to correlate the CF-induced charge redistribution with the rate
      of agglutination with the cationic Poly-L-lysine. Our observations indicate that
      the CF ligand does induce an anionic site redistribution, varying in density,
      both in fresh leukemic cells and in cells from a K-562 line, and does not in
      normal untreated and PHA-benign transformed lymphocytes. The particular pattern
      of anionic site redistribution observed in leukemic cells of this study is
      apparently phase-cycle dependent.

PMID- 3374166
TI  - Separation of spontaneously differentiating and cell cycle-specific populations
      of HL-60 cells.
AB  - The human leukemia cell line HL-60 consists predominantly of abnormal
      promyelocytes. When grown in RPMI-1640 and 10% FCS between 5 and 10% of these
      cells spontaneously differentiate into more mature myeloid cells, becoming
      smaller in size and developing the ability to generate superoxide. Centrifugal
      elutriation was used to separate these G0 cells from the bulk of the cycling G1,
      S and G2M cells. These isolated differentiating cells are shown to be similar in
      size, DNA content, RNA content and NBT positivity not only to granulocyte induced
      HL-60 cells but also to human peripheral blood granulocytes. This methodology
      allows the study of differentiative vs proliferative processes through the quick
      one-step generation of homogeneous subpopulations of G0, G1, S and G2M cells.

PMID- 3374167
TI  - Philadelphia-positive acute leukemia: lineage promiscuity and inconsistently
      rearranged breakpoint cluster region.
AB  - Six patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph1+) acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
      (ANLL) were studied by morphological, immunological, cytogenetic, and molecular
      techniques. Seven Ph1+ acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cases were also studied
      for comparison. Three of ANLL cases were classified in M1, M2, and M4 groups of
      the FAB nomenclature, while the three other cases do not fit with any FAB
      subgroup and are described as M0. Immunophenotypical marker studies, double
      immunolabeling, and combined immunological and cytogenetic studies of metaphases
      showed that these ANLL expressed several lineage differentiation antigens.
      Rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (C mu) were detected in the six
      ANLL cases and in the seven ALL cases studied, as well as, in most cases,
      rearrangement of T cell receptor beta chain genes and/or T cell rearranging gamma
      genes. The results favored the assumption that the Ph1 translocation originated
      from a multipotent stem cell in Ph1+ ANLL. A common t(9;22) translocation was
      found in all cases, and additional chromosomal abnormalities were present in the
      six ANLL cases and in five of the seven ALL cases. Molecular studies of bcr gene
      configuration and c-abl transcription allowed two groups of Ph1+ ANLL to be
      distinguished. Three cases had bcr rearrangement and c-abl mRNA expression
      comparable to those reported in Ph1+ chronic myeloid leukemia, while three others
      had not detectable bcr rearrangement and a 7.2-7.5 kb c-abl mRNA. The existence
      of Ph1+ ALL with and without classical bcr rearrangement was confirmed.

PMID- 3374168
TI  - The migration of hematopoietic cells: an in vitro study system.
AB  - An in vitro migration assay system for the study of hematopoietic cell migration
      was established. Using a large well modification of earlier described migration
      chambers, it was found that, in the presence of whole murine serum from either
      normal or aplastic mice, a heterogeneous population of cells was stimulated to
      migrate through limited size pores (8 mu) in a thin (5 mu) polycarbonate filter.
      In dilution studies, serum obtained from animals that had been rendered aplastic
      by total body irradiation provided a stronger migration stimulus than serum from
      normal animals. This observation is consistent with observations of hematopoietic
      cell migration in vivo. Primitive spleen colony-forming cells and in vitro
      granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells were present in the migrating
      population at a comparable fraction to that found in untreated bone marrow. These
      studies demonstrate the feasibility of studying hematopoietic stem cell migration
      under controlled experimental conditions.

PMID- 3374169
TI  - Evidence for clonal development and stem cell origin of M7 megakaryocytic
      leukemia.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that acute nonlymphocytic leukemias are clonal
      diseases in which there is heterogeneity in the pattern of stem cell
      differentiative expression. To determine whether M7 megakaryocytic leukemia is a
      clonal disease and to evaluate the differentiative expression of the cells
      involved by the leukemia we studied a patient with megakaryocytic leukemia who
      was heterozygous for the X-chromosome-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PD). The diagnosis of megakaryocytic leukemia was based on results obtained
      with the immunogold method and ultrastructural studies with the monoclonal anti
      Gplla/IIIb antibody, 10E5. Direct testing of blood and marrow mononuclear cells
      and blood platelets demonstrated only A-type G6PD, whereas skin exhibited both B
      and A enzymes. The results indicate that the megakaryocytic leukemia in this
      patient was clonal at the time of study. To determine the differentiative
      expression of the stem cells, granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units and
      erythroid burst forming units were cultured and the resultant colonies were
      tested for G6PD. The results indicate that the stem cells involved by the
      leukemia exhibited differentiative expression multipotent for the megakaryocytic
      and granulocytic pathways, but no definitive conclusion could be made regarding
      the erythroid lineage.

PMID- 3374170
TI  - Alpha-interferon and lymphokine-activated killer cells in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity generated from peripheral blood
      was tested in 6 patients with typical hairy cell leukemia, 3 not on treatment
      with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) and 3 receiving therapy. In all cases,
      substantial killing of the LAK-sensitive target Daudi was observed, but hairy
      cells, whether or not they had been pretreated with alpha-IFN, were uniformly
      resistant to LAK lysis. The hairy cells were also resistant to LAK cell killing
      generated from normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. alpha-IFN added at
      various times during LAK generation had little or no effect on LAK activity. It
      is concluded that LAK cells are not important in mediating the beneficial effects
      of alpha-IFN in hairy cell leukemia.

PMID- 3374172
TI  - Pathology of the senescent heart: anatomic observations on 237 autopsy studies of
      patients 90 to 105 years old.
AB  - Persons older than 85 years of age will constitute the fastest growing segment of
      the US population in the next decade, and despite the recent decline in mortality
      from heart disease, cardiovascular disease remains the single greatest cause of
      death in these elderly persons. We studied the pathologic changes in the hearts
      of 237 patients (93 men and 144 women) who had lived to the age of 90 years or
      older. The degree and extent of coronary atherosclerosis in these senescent
      hearts were similar to findings reported in younger patients who died of coronary
      heart disease, but calcification of the coronary arteries, mitral annulus, and
      aortic valve was more prevalent, as was cardiac amyloidosis. Multiple cardiac
      disorders were common in these very elderly hearts, but they seemed to play a
      lesser role in precipitating heart failure or shortening the life-span of the
      patients. Important factors in attaining longevity seem to be protection from the
      development of severe coronary artery disease by an unexplained mechanism and an
      innate resistance to cardiac dysfunction from a multitude of structural changes
      that occur with advancing age.

PMID- 3374171
TI  - Acute eosinophilic leukemia with a (10;11) chromosomal translocation.
AB  - We report a patient with acute eosinophilic leukemia and a translocation
      (10;11)(p14;q21). Clinically, the disease was characterized by extreme
      hypereosinophilia with most eosinophils being immature, pronounced marrow
      infiltration with abnormal eosinophil precursors, skin and lymphoid infiltration
      with leukemic eosinophils, and only a brief remission from chemotherapy. This is
      the second report of a patient with this cytogenetic/clinicopathological
      association. In our patient, t(10;11)(p14;q21) was the sole karyotypic
      abnormality seen in the bone marrow, both at diagnosis and relapse. Thus, acute
      eosinophilic leukemia with t(10;11)(p14;q21) appears to be a rare, new
      clinical/cytogenetic association. Because both patients with this translocation
      responded only briefly to chemotherapy, this chromosomal abnormality may confer a
      poor prognosis.

PMID- 3374173
TI  - Prognostic value and limitations of exercise radionuclide angiography in
      medically treated coronary artery disease.
AB  - We investigated whether exercise radionuclide angiography provides prognostic
      information in addition to that identified by resting left ventricular function
      and coronary anatomy in patients with medically treated coronary artery disease.
      Clinical follow-up (median, 21.7 months) was obtained in 424 medically treated
      patients who underwent exercise radionuclide angiography and coronary
      angiography. The mean age of the study population was 58 years, and 67% were men.
      Cardiac death occurred in 16 patients, nonfatal myocardial infarction in 16, and
      nonfatal out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in 1. Univariate analysis showed that
      multiple variables were associated with future cardiac events, including number
      of diseased vessels, exercise and rest radionuclide ejection fraction, history of
      myocardial infarction, exercise and rest left ventricular end-systolic and end
      diastolic volume indices, peak exercise workload, age, abnormal resting
      electrocardiogram, and peak exercise ST-segment depression. Only three variables
      were independently associated with cardiac events on follow-up: number of
      diseased vessels, radionuclide ejection fraction at rest, and age. In patients
      with three-vessel disease and a resting radionuclide ejection fraction of more
      than 40%, a subgroup with higher risk could not be identified on the basis of
      exercise radionuclide response.

PMID- 3374174
TI  - Hearts of the "oldest old".

PMID- 3374175
TI  - Prognostic implications of exercise radionuclide angiography in patients with
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3374177
TI  - Effect of vitamin E on lifespan and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans.
AB  - Vitamin E extends the lifespan of many animals, including the nematode
      Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results confirm previous studies that 200
      micrograms/ml vitamin E significantly prolonged C. elegans survival (17-23%, P
      less than 0.05) when added from hatching to day 3, while continuous exposure,
      either at hatching or from 4 days prior to hatching, had little additional
      effect. Treatment with 100 or 400 micrograms/ml vitamin E, or with other
      antioxidants (80 micrograms/ml vitamin C, either alone or in combination with
      vitamin E, or 120 micrograms/ml N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-diphenylenediamine (DPPD] did
      not significantly affect lifespan. All treatments with 200 micrograms/ml vitamin
      E moderately reduced fecundity (total progeny) and increased the mean day of
      reproduction. At 400 micrograms/ml, vitamin E had severe effects, while DPPD,
      vitamin C, and 100 micrograms/ml vitamin E had slight effects on both these
      parameters of reproduction. These data suggest that vitamin E increases lifespan
      in C. elegans in part by slowing development in the same manner that metabolic
      depressant or mildly cytotoxic drugs increase lifespan, decrease fecundity, and
      delay the timing of reproduction.

PMID- 3374176
TI  - Reversible inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis by cumene hydroperoxide and 4
      hydroxy-nonenal.
AB  - To test the possible role of lipid peroxidation in the process of in vitro
      ageing, human diploid skin fibroblasts were cultured with the lipophilic
      hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide (Chp) or the breakdown product of lipid
      peroxidation 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (HNE). Both compounds inhibited cellular
      DNA and protein synthesis in a dose-dependent way. Cells exposed to Chp or to HNE
      during growth inhibition recovered DNA and protein synthesis within 24 h upon
      removal of Chp or HNE from the culture medium. Continuously proliferating cells
      showed only a partial recovery of DNA and protein synthesis. Pre-culturing cells
      with the lipophilic free radical scavenger vitamin E did not abolish the effect
      of Chp upon DNA synthesis. Cellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) rose
      slightly during 1 week of culture with HNE, but remained unaltered with Chp.
      Neither ATP levels nor cellular energy charges were affected during culture with
      Chp or HNE. So, DNA synthesis is not impaired due to a shortage of nucleotides
      nor does GSH protect DNA synthesis against the effects of Chp or HNE. These
      results suggest that oxygen free-radical induced lipid peroxidation is not the
      cause of the irreversible loss of proliferation occurring during in vitro ageing.

PMID- 3374178
TI  - Histology and survival in age-delayed low-tryptophan-fed rats.
AB  - Diets containing tryptophan in concentrations 30 and 40 percent of those fed to
      controls from weaning to 24-30 months or more, can delay aging in Long-Evans
      female rats. Mortality among low-tryptophan-fed rats was greater in the juvenile
      period, but substantially less than controls at late ages. Histological
      biomarkers of aging were also delayed after tryptophan restriction in some organs
      (liver, heart, uterus, ovary, adrenal and spleen) but not in others (kidney,
      lung, aorta). Brain serotonin levels were low in tryptophan-deficient rats but
      showed remarkable capacity for rehabilitation. Effects on early and late
      mortality and brain levels of serotonin were proportional to the severity of the
      restriction.

PMID- 3374179
TI  - Factors affecting the probability of use of general and medical health and
      social/community services for Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
AB  - Are individual characteristics associated with use of general and mental health
      and human service sectors similar for Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic
      whites (NHWs)? We addressed this question using data from the Los Angeles site of
      the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. A random sample of the general
      population of two mental health catchment areas was interviewed in 1983-1984.
      With four exceptions, individual variation in sociodemographic factors, insurance
      coverage, and health status had similar effects on the probability of use of the
      general and mental health and human service sector for both NHWs and MAs. Recent
      psychiatric disorder was associated with greater use of general medical providers
      for mental health care for both NHWs and MAs, but significantly more so for NHWs.
      Female NHWs were more likely to use the human service sector (e.g., social
      service agencies) than male NHWs, but gender had no effect on this type of use
      for MAs. Higher job status was associated with greater use of outpatient general
      medical services, but significantly more so for NHWs than MAs. By contrast,
      having private health insurance was associated with a greater increase in use of
      outpatient general medical services for MAs than for NHWs.

PMID- 3374180
TI  - Characterizing patient dysfunction in Alzheimer's-type dementia.
AB  - Although Alzheimer's-type dementia (ATD) is characterized by global intellectual
      deterioration, few systematic efforts have been made to characterize overall
      dysfunction of ATD patients. The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) was administered
      to ATD patients and family members to determine the concurrent validity of family
      member assessments of functional status. Using the Mini-Mental State score and
      modified Dementia Rating Scale as validation criteria, family member SIP scores
      showed consistently higher correlations with the Mini-Mental State and modified
      Dementia Rating Scale than did patient scores. Comparing family member SIP scores
      for ATD and nondemented patients revealed that ATD patients maintained high
      levels of psycho-social dysfunction at both initial evaluation and 1-year follow
      up. By contrast, ATD patients showed high levels of physical dysfunction relative
      to nondemented patients only at follow-up. Physical deterioration over time is
      also suggested by comparison of ATD patient initial and follow-up scores. This
      study documents the well-known psychosocial dysfunction in ATD and emphasizes the
      importance of physical dysfunction as the disease progresses.

PMID- 3374181
TI  - Determinants of interhospital transfer of low-birth-weight newborns.
AB  - In a single year in New York City, we identified 1413 neonates who were
      transferred for medical care from their hospitals of birth; 83% of transferred
      infants were sent from Level 1 hospitals (no special facilities for sick infants)
      to Level 3 hospitals (newborn intensive care units). Level 2 hospitals (those
      with an intermediate level of care) participated little in the transfer process
      as either senders or receivers. Infants weighing more than 2250 g were rarely
      transferred. Among low-birth-weight infants born at Level 1 hospitals, the major
      determinants of transfer were birth weight, gestational age, and Apgar score.
      Peak transfer rates were for infants weighing 1000-1750 g (84% transferred),
      those with gestational ages of 28-31 weeks (79% transferred), and those with
      Apgar scores of 4-6 (68% transferred). Infants with values either above or below
      these modes were transferred less frequently. Transfer from Level 2 hospitals was
      also significantly related to birth weight and Apgar score. Socioeconomic
      indicators such as race, maternal education, ward/private status, and financial
      coverage for the delivery had no effect on transfer rates. Transferred low-birth
      weight infants were a highly selected sample of low-birth-weight infants. Infants
      transferred from Level 1 hospitals were those in better condition (higher Apgar
      scores) when weighing less than 1750 g, and those in worse condition (lower Apgar
      scores) when weighing more than 1750 g.

PMID- 3374183
TI  - Temporary disability among independently living adults with major disabling
      conditions.

PMID- 3374184
TI  - Evaluation of low-birth-weight risk assessment tools in South Carolina.

PMID- 3374182
TI  - Use of a computer to take booking histories in a hospital antenatal clinic.
      Acceptability to midwives and patients and effects on the midwife-patient
      interaction.
AB  - An interactive computer system was used by midwives to acquire a full patient
      history at the first antenatal visit. The clinical efficacy of the system had
      been previously established. The present evaluation examined the effects of
      computer use on the interview process and on midwife-patient communications, and
      its acceptability to midwives and patients. Data included video recordings of 32
      conventional interviews and of 63 interviews in which the computer was used, each
      with associated questionnaires assessing patients' reactions. Midwives' views
      were obtained through a structured discussion session. Computer use had no
      effects on patients' reactions to the interview, and midwives were enthusiastic.
      Detailed analysis of the video recordings using established quantitative
      techniques did not reveal any negative psychologic effects that would preclude
      the use of nurse-patient interactive computers. However, midwives were inclined
      to give less information to patients, especially when they were new to the
      computer, and to use more closed questions and leading questions. The findings
      have important implications for the future use of similar computer systems. These
      are presented in the form of guidelines for future systems design and
      implementation.

PMID- 3374185
TI  - [Epidemiology of diseases of the pleura. Apropos of 562 cases].

PMID- 3374186
TI  - [Gas-producing necrotizing infections. Role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy].

PMID- 3374188
TI  - [Home hemodialysis: the course in 100 patients treated at home].

PMID- 3374187
TI  - [Functional activity of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary interstitial
      pathology].

PMID- 3374189
TI  - [Ulcerative enteritis diagnosed at the onset of celiac disease in an adult].

PMID- 3374190
TI  - [Livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents (Sneddon syndrome)].

PMID- 3374191
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis].

PMID- 3374192
TI  - [Adenocarcinoma of the rectum in a 35-year-old homosexual male].

PMID- 3374193
TI  - [Acronecrosis in Wegener granulomatosis].

PMID- 3374194
TI  - [Demyelinating neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection].

PMID- 3374195
TI  - [Acanthosis palmaris or acquired paraneoplastic pachydermatoglyphia].

PMID- 3374197
TI  - Anxiety and depression.

PMID- 3374196
TI  - [Adverse effects of atenolol on the central nervous system].

PMID- 3374198
TI  - Educating the patient and family about depression.
AB  - Hospitalization provides an opportunity for the patient and his or her family to
      have a comprehensive program of education about depression. They are seen alone,
      together, or in groups with other patients and families to learn about the
      illness and its treatment. This program reduces anxiety, enhances the patient's
      compliance, and increases family support for the patient.

PMID- 3374199
TI  - [HIV infection and vaccination].

PMID- 3374200
TI  - [Variant angina in peroral treatment with 5-fluorouracil].

PMID- 3374201
TI  - [Hemophilia care in Sweden. Centralized responsibility results in higher quality
      of care].

PMID- 3374202
TI  - [Psychotherapy of schizophrenia--presentation of a well-documented treatment
      model].

PMID- 3374203
TI  - [The UVA solarium--an increased risk for chronic damage?].

PMID- 3374205
TI  - [Renal medulla lipids--a renal antihypertensive hormonal system with effect on
      vessels, CNS and kidney].

PMID- 3374206
TI  - [International maternal health care--Swedish professorial lecture in a
      parliamentary discussion].

PMID- 3374204
TI  - [Primary benign lymphoma--tumor biology, pathology and clinical aspects].

PMID- 3374207
TI  - [Retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes--improved diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3374208
TI  - [The new diabetic diet--a meal for everybody].

PMID- 3374209
TI  - [Well-functioning dialysis--but for how many more patients?].

PMID- 3374210
TI  - [HIV-related deaths outside health facilities in Stockholm].

PMID- 3374211
TI  - [Delay between the onset of symptoms and treatment--a critical factor in acute
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3374212
TI  - [Computer tomography improves x-ray diagnosis of acute retropharyngeal
      tendinitis].

PMID- 3374213
TI  - [The long QT interval syndrome as the cause of cardiac syncope].

PMID- 3374214
TI  - [Primary volvulus of the small intestine--a rare but serious cause of ileus].

PMID- 3374215
TI  - [Significance of pancreatic and duodenal secretions for the protection of
      gastrointestinal anastomoses following stomach resection--an animal experiment
      study].
AB  - The consequences of deviation of pancreatic juice and bile after gastric
      resection were studied in an experimental animal model in 66 rats. After
      hemigastrectomy and Billroth I resp. Billroth II anastomoses papilla vateri was
      transplanted into a deep jejunal limb in a B I and a B II group each. Absence of
      alkaline secretions of Papilla vateri was followed by a marked increase in
      acidity in the gastric remnant and connected intestine. Especially in the
      Billroth II operated stomach we found an increased ulcer risk under these
      circumstances. With additional histamine-stimulation frequency of ulcer was 75%
      in Billroth II but only 33% in Billroth I animals. When alkaline reflux was
      preserved the ulcer rate ranged from 15 to 40% in all groups. These results
      confirmed the protective property of postresectional reflux for the integrity of
      anastomoses after gastric resection. The increased resistance of Billroth I
      anastomoses in spite of deficient luminal acid buffers could be explained by the
      mucus-bicarbonate-barrier of the duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 3374216
TI  - [Prognosis of thoracoabdominal trauma with reference to concomitant injuries].
AB  - A total of 301 patients with thoracoabdominal lesions had concomitant
      craniocerebral lesions (69.1%) and injuries of the locomotor system (66.1%). In
      65.4% operative intervention was necessary, while 34.6% could be primarily
      treated conservatively. Operative emergency therapy was required in the thorax in
      34.7%, and in the abdomen in 50%. Under these conditions, the mortality for the
      thorax was 70.6% and for the abdomen 40.5%. As a result of mostly combined causes
      (66%), 101 patients died (33.6%). Multiple organ failure was in the high range
      (80%), while the most frequent single cause of death was craniocerebral trauma,
      ranking before thoracic and abdominal traumata.

PMID- 3374217
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolism in surgery--obligatory today?].

PMID- 3374218
TI  - What war injuries may teach the peace time surgeon.

PMID- 3374219
TI  - [Results of surgical therapy of rectal cancer at a regional hospital].
AB  - The results of surgical treatment of 198 unselected consecutive cases of
      adenocarcinoma of the rectum at a district hospital between January 1, 1977 and
      June 30, 1985 are analysed. Characteristics of patients at a primary referral
      center include old age (47.2% greater than or equal to 70 years) and advanced
      tumor stage (44.4% Dukes C and D). Despite these unfavourable cohort
      characteristics tumor excision rate was 97.5%, the proportion of sphincter saving
      resections 72.0%, using exclusively a single layer hand-sutured technique.
      Operative mortality was 3.6 and 5.5% for sphincter saving resection and abdomino
      perineal excision respectively. The uncorrected cumulative probability of
      survival at five years is 56.1% for women, 35.0% for men, with a definite
      advantage for sphincter saving resection in both sexes. Uncorrected cumulative
      probability of survival according to tumor stage was 72.4% for Dukes stages A and
      B combined, 30.0% for Dukes C and 0 for D. Where oncologically radical rectal and
      mesorectal excision is possible from the sole abdominal access, there, hand
      sutured abdominal anastomosis is also feasible and advantageous due to resorbable
      suture material. Taking into account the adversities of unselected patient
      cohorts, progress is still being achieved in rectal carcinoma surgery without
      "specialisation" but with improving general surgical and anaesthesiologic
      techniques.

PMID- 3374221
TI  - [Mechanics of the ear ossicles in static pressures. II. Impaired joint function
      and surgical reconstruction of the ossicle chain].
AB  - Following the presentation of ossicle chain mechanics in the normal ear, the air
      pressure-induced movements of the ossicles with artificially ankylosed
      incudomalleal joints were studied in the same static temporal bone-experiments.
      In this case, exaggerated inward-outward excursions also prevail at the incus and
      stapes. This isodirectional motion, first described by Helmholtz, and on which is
      based our concept of middle-ear function until now, can also be seen in
      insufficiently moistened temporal bone preparations. It is not inconceivable that
      former studies were conducted with insufficiently moistened preparations. Several
      quantitative comparisons also point to this possibility. Further measurements
      analysed the displacements in the reconstructed ossicle chain (interposition). In
      both these rigid transmissions between drum membrane and stapes there can be
      excessive air pressure-induced movements of the stapes. This might play a role in
      the pathomechanics of perilymph fistulas, which is frequently caused by
      variations of static air pressure.

PMID- 3374220
TI  - [Changes in the concentration of hydroxyproline in plasma following anastomosis
      of the intestines].
AB  - Hydroxyproline plasma levels were determined in 39 patients before and after
      operation of the gastrointestinal tract. In the immediate postoperative period a
      decreased collagen metabolism was detected. From the third and seventh
      postoperative day respectively a considerable increase of the plasma
      concentration prevailed to the termination of the measurement period. There was
      no significant difference in the quantitative change with regard to the type of
      operation, whereas there were differences in the time course of the reaction.
      These results support the theory that an injury induces an increase in collagen
      metabolism leading to an elevation of hydroxyproline plasma concentration.

PMID- 3374222
TI  - [Dentin ossicle prostheses (DOP)--a new concept in replacing the ear ossicles].
AB  - The variety of materials used for replacement of the ossicles is proof enough
      that no single material can satisfy all criteria: availability, mouldability,
      stability and biocompatibility. The trouble-free availability as well as the
      excellent mouldability enable the development of a principle of preparation of
      ossicular replacement prosthesis from homologous dentine. The moulding of the
      dentine ossicular prosthesis is simple and can be performed with an equipment
      available at any otologic department.

PMID- 3374223
TI  - [A laser surgery procedure in the treatment of tattooing with the argon ion
      laser].
AB  - A laser surgery procedure for treating tattoos using argon ion laser is
      described. The epithelial changes during continuous radiation are land marks for
      laser surgery procedure: 1. The coagulation zone, 2. its bubble-like rise, 3. its
      breaking, 4. the beginning of the carbonisation zone and 5. setting of a
      decreasing coagulation zone for smoothing the edges. From the very onset of the
      carbonisation zone radiation is discontinued and continued only in the periphery
      producing a decreasing coagulation zone. Punctiform and line-pattern laser
      application is employed; the untreated areas in between are treated in the
      following session. The average time between the sessions is 7 weeks and the
      average number of sessions for a tattoo is 3.1. The observation time is on an
      average 2 years and 1 month. 134 tattoos of 43 patients are treated by this
      technique. In 18.6% of the tattoos very good results are achieved, in 51.5% a
      good result, in 28.4% a satisfactory result and in 1.5% an unsatisfactory result.
      Hypopigmentations are seen in 19.4%, atrophic scars in 12.7%, hypertrophic scars
      in 14.9% and a rest of tattoos in 8.9%. Keloids are not seen. Using this argon
      laser technique for treating tattoos you will obtain better results with fewer
      side effects than in those studies which are accomplished treating tattoos with
      argon lasers and described in literature up to now.

PMID- 3374224
TI  - [Use of methods of pattern recognition in the detection of evoked potentials].
AB  - Pattern recognition methods based on parameters and on geometry are described
      briefly and the results obtained with different characteristics in 79 patients
      with single potential recognition and subsequent sequential testing are
      presented. In subjectively very safely identifiable potentials accurate results
      in a proportion of up to 92% are obtained; if all tests with a subjective rating
      are considered, one obtains a correct automatic reclassification quota of 69% for
      the randomly selected sample. This system can help the examining person by
      supplying him with decision criteria. However, without additional processing of
      the entire context automatic processing is not sufficiently safe. Possibilities
      for the use of the automatic recognition method in scientific problems are
      demonstrated by means of examples.

PMID- 3374225
TI  - [Electric response audiometry in retrocochlear hearing disorders].
AB  - The intensive clinical use of Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) has recently
      improved the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. The Auditory Evoked
      Potentials (AEP) allow a precise topodiagnosis of the whole auditory system.
      However, specific limitations of the different potentials (cochlear, neural,
      brainstem, thalamic, cortical) have to be considered to avoid an overestimation
      of ERA. Based on the author's own material of more than 3500 recordings, most
      cases of a retrocochlear hearing loss are located at the auditory nerve and the
      brainstem. Therefore, brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) and
      electrocochleography (ECoG) are the two most important methods of ERA. Typical
      Brainstem AEP (BAEP) features of retrocochlear disorders are shown. They are of
      different diagnostic value. A prolongation of the central conduction time or a
      break down of the later BAEP, both unequivocal signs of a retrocochlear lesion,
      were found in only 62 per cent of 100 cases of acoustic neuroma. However,
      diagnostic sensitivity can be improved to 96 per cent by additional use of ECoG
      and electrical promontory testing of the excitability of the auditory nerve. This
      value cannot be attained by any other audiometric test. These results show that
      BERA and ECoG are essential screening methods of high sensitivity in the
      differential diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. Additional values for
      diagnostic specificity and efficacy are also given in comparison with a group of
      patients initially suspected of having a cerebellopontine angle tumour. These
      values exceed those of conventional audiometric tests by far. Therefore, BERA and
      ECoG are reliable predictors of a retrocochlear lesion and can be judged as the
      best indicators for a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging at present.

PMID- 3374226
TI  - [Increased summation potentials in patients with Meniere's disease].
AB  - There have been many publications about enlarged summation potentials with
      Meniere patients. The phenomenon was interpreted as being due to endolymphatic
      hydrops. 50 patients were examined electrocochleographically who were suffering
      from the symptoms low-frequency hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus and pressure in
      the ear. As in other previous studies a significantly enlarged negative summating
      potential was found in 70% of the patients. With 10 patients electrocochleography
      was performed before and three hours after glycerol ingestion. In 8 patients the
      SP became smaller, although the subjective hearing threshold improved in only 4
      cases. The study shows that enlarged SP is a common finding in Meniere patients;
      it underlines the diagnostic value of electrocochleography in this disease.

PMID- 3374227
TI  - [Assessment of the effect of piracetam (Nootrop) on hydrogen clearance in the
      inner ear].
AB  - The animal experiment described in this report was conducted to study the effect
      of piracetam on the blood flow of the inner ear. Blood flow was measured
      indirectly by means of hydrogen clearance using the polarographic microanalysis
      technique. A group of twelve crossbred male and female guinea pigs were given 400
      mg/kg body weight piracetam (2 ml/kg body weight of commercial solution for
      injection) by intravenous injection, and hydrogen clearance was measured before
      and after administering the study drug at the round window in the scala media at
      the base of the cochlea. Twelve animals in an control group were given an equal
      volume of physiological saline instead of the study drug. The H2 clearance
      measurements were taken before and after intravenous injection of saline. The
      operation and clearance measurements were performed under injection anaesthesia
      with 2.5 mg. diazepam and 25 mg. pentobarbital sodium, each per kg body weight.
      The guinea pigs were premedicated with atropine (0.5 mg./kg. body weight i.p.)
      and, after tracheotomy, were relaxed with pancuronium bromide (1 mg./kg. body
      weight i.v.) and respirated with a pneumatic respiration pump and the parameters
      blood pressure, pH and blood gases (pO2, pCO2) were continuously recorded. The
      results show that intravenous injection of piracetam in the above mentioned dose
      accelerates hydrogen clearance processes at the base of the cochlea from 8.68 +/-
      3.48 to 5.37 +/- 2.05 minutes half-life. This effect is statistically significant
      (p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374228
TI  - [Frontal lobe abscess as a complication of frontal sinus osteoma].
AB  - A frontal brain abscess was caused by an osteoma of the frontal sinus. This
      osteoma had destroyed the posterior wall and was blocking the infundibulum. Under
      these preconditions a sinusitis frontalis was followed by an intracranial
      infection and a brain abscess.

PMID- 3374229
TI  - [Use of an acrylic palatal plate following transpalatal interventions].

PMID- 3374230
TI  - [Experience with laser surgery pain therapy in advanced oropharyngeal tumors].
AB  - The noticeable analgesic side effect by laser surgery of advanced oropharynx
      tumours is not based on simple heat conduction in the coagulation zone and its
      vicinity as originally supposed, but becomes a long-term effect only via
      directed, localised and penetrating destruction. Repeated ultrashort laser
      impulses of high intensity are imperative. The experience in 21 patients is
      reported.

PMID- 3374231
TI  - Retropharyngeal abscess in children: a retrospective and historical analysis.
AB  - The charts of 65 pediatric patients with the diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess
      were reviewed. These represented a 36-year experience with the disease. The
      findings were compared with those documented at the turn of the century and were
      also compared with findings over the last four decades. The data suggests that
      retropharyngeal abscess may be occurring later in childhood and may not always be
      preceded by a major detectable infection. Classic diagnostic findings of
      retropharyngeal bulge and neck stiffness were present in less than half of the
      patients. Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms are being documented on culture
      more frequently than in the past. We theorize that liberal use of oral
      antibiotics prior to admission may have brought about these changes.

PMID- 3374232
TI  - Frontal sinus fractures: a review of 72 cases.
AB  - A retrospective review is presented of 72 patients who sustained frontal sinus
      fractures (FSF) and were subsequently treated by the department of
      otolaryngology/head and neck surgery between the years of 1974 and 1986. Eighty
      four percent of FSF occurred in males and 71% were a result of motor vehicle
      accidents. Only 24% remained conscious at the time of trauma, and in only one
      third of the cases was there no other fracture. Seventy-six percent of FSF
      involved both the anterior and posterior walls--a figure that possibly reflects
      the referral patterns to a hospital that is a major regional trauma center.
      Patients were treated with a variety of procedures including cranialization
      (42%), osteoplastic flap and fat obliteration (30%), open reduction and internal
      fixation of the anterior wall (20%), osteoplastic flap and sinus ablation (6%),
      and intersinus septectomy (1%). Some difficulty was encountered in documenting
      sustained follow-up, which ranged from 2 months to 9 years, and averaged 22
      months. Nine percent of patients died in the post-trauma period. Minor
      complications were relatively common, but major complications occurred in only
      10% of patients. Four patients (6%) suffered meningitis (although the portal of
      infection was not necessarily through the frontal sinus); one patient (1%)
      suffered severe pain over the sinus and forehead for at least 12 months after
      surgery; and a mucocele developed in four patients (6%).

PMID- 3374233
TI  - The membrane rupture theory of Meniere's disease--is it valid?
AB  - The Membrane Rupture Theory states that the acute attack of Meniere's disease
      occurs when endolymph, with its high potassium ion concentration, escapes into
      the perilymph and surrounds the first-order neuron. Initially, this causes
      partial depolarization of the nerve and an increased resting discharge, followed
      by complete depolarization. Clinically, one would expect an initial irritative
      nystagmus (toward the affected side) followed by a paralytic nystagmus (toward
      the unaffected side). To confirm this, the guinea pig perilymphatic space was
      perfused with an artificial endolymph solution. The results confirmed an
      irritative/paralytic sequence of nystagmus that differs from the pattern of
      spontaneous nystagmus observed with ENG monitoring during the acute attack of
      Meniere's disease. Early in the attack, one observes a paralytic nystagmus
      followed by a secondary nystagmus beating toward the affected side (similar to an
      irritative nystagmus) as the patient recovers. This raises questions about the
      validity of the Membrane Rupture Theory.

PMID- 3374234
TI  - Vascular decompression of the cochlear nerve in tinnitus sufferers.
AB  - An estimated 40 million Americans suffer from tinnitus, and approximately 20% of
      these sufferers feel that the quality of their life is significantly impaired by
      this symptom. Despite thorough evaluation, the underlying etiology in the
      majority of these patients remains obscure or conjectural. Most of these patients
      will, however, benefit from consultation and avoidance of caffeine, nicotine, and
      salt, while others require biofeedback, amplification, masking, and even
      psychotherapy. On rare occasions, physicians are presented with a patient
      complaining of unilateral tinnitus of undetermined etiology who, in spite of a
      thorough evaluation and all conventional therapies, continues to be severely
      handicapped by that symptom. Early findings suggest that these patients may be
      suffering from vascular loop compression of the cochlear division of the eighth
      cranial nerve. When patients are carefully selected, retrosigmoid decompression
      of that vascular loop has provided gratifying relief.

PMID- 3374235
TI  - Thyroid cartilage flap reconstruction of the larynx following vertical partial
      laryngectomy: an interim report.
AB  - A supraglottic thyroid cartilage flap was used to reconstruct vertical partial
      laryngectomy defects in seven patients, including three radiation failures. Local
      control was maintained in six of seven patients, with one radiation failure
      recurring in the subglottis and anterior neck skin. Reconstructively, the
      radiation failures healed more slowly, but all patients were decannulated in 1 to
      4 weeks with normal deglutition. The majority of the ipsilateral arytenoid was
      preserved in two patients. In the first case, the thyroid cartilage flap was
      shortened and sutured to the cut surface of the arytenoid. This patient later
      developed laryngeal stenosis. In the second case, a muscle flap was used to
      reconstruct the cord, and the thyroid cartilage flap was used externally. This
      was successful, and we prefer this modification of the Bailey procedure when the
      arytenoid is preserved.

PMID- 3374236
TI  - Pseudotumor of the head and neck masquerading as neoplasia.
AB  - Four unusual cases of pseudotumor, which had clinical and radiographic findings
      suggesting neoplasia, are presented. One involved the maxillary sinus, destroying
      the lateral wall, and extending to the infratemporal fossa and the orbit. The
      second presented as an enlarging lacrimal gland tumor with ipsilateral parotid
      adenopathy, and the third as a large parapharyngeal mass that was diagnosed as a
      lymphoma on aspiration cytology. The fourth case documented the rare occurrence
      of a congenital pseudotumor, manifesting as proptosis in a neonate and thought to
      be a fibrosarcoma on frozen section study. Aggressive pseudotumors must be
      distinguished from malignancy to avoid unnecessary surgery or irradiation. Some
      cases can be distinguished from neoplasms by their dramatic response to oral
      steroid therapy, and others by characteristic features on CT or MRI. Due to the
      diverse cellular proliferation, aspiration cytology is infrequently helpful and
      diagnosis can be difficult on frozen section study. An approach to the diagnosis
      and management of pseudotumors is detailed.

PMID- 3374237
TI  - Tracheobronchial foreign bodies.
AB  - A retrospective review of 88 cases of foreign body aspiration was undertaken. The
      patients ranged in age from 5 months to 73 years; the peak incidences of foreign
      body aspiration occurred in children less than 3 years of age and in adults older
      than 50 years. Sixty-one of the 88 patients were male. Physical examination was
      abnormal in 61% of patients. The most common radiographic abnormality was
      inspiratory-expiratory abnormality, seen in 27% of patients. Rigid endoscopy
      under general anesthesia was the preferred method for removal of the aspirated
      material. Multiple foreign bodies were found in 5% of the patients.
      Tracheobronchial foreign bodies should, therefore, be strongly suspected in
      susceptible patient populations who present with a suggestive history, even when
      no physical or radiographic evidence can be seen. Patients should be carefully
      examined for multiple foreign bodies at the time of rigid endoscopic removal.

PMID- 3374238
TI  - Motor-evoked potentials of tongue musculature in dogs.
AB  - Transcranial brain stimulation by either electrical or noninvasive magnetic
      stimulation has produced motor responses of limb musculature. However, recordings
      from muscles innervated by cranial nerves have not previously been reported. A
      right-sided craniotomy was performed in 18 dogs. An electric stimulus was
      delivered to the motor cortex via surface electrodes and evoked EMG responses
      were recorded from the tongue musculature to determine conduction time. Magnetic
      stimulation of the motor cortex yielded EMG latencies similar to those obtained
      by electrical direct cortical stimulation, thus demonstrating the potential of
      magnetic stimulation in intraoperative and outpatient clinical evaluation of
      hypoglossal nerve disorders. For the first time, it appears possible to
      noninvasively stimulate the cranial nerves proximal to the point of injury and to
      evaluate more central conduction pathways.

PMID- 3374239
TI  - Clinical and laboratory characteristics of focal laryngeal dystonia: study of 110
      cases.
AB  - Spastic dysphonia is a syndrome often producing a strain-strangle voice. We have
      previously classified most of these patients as having focal laryngeal dystonia,
      a disorder of central motor processing. In a study of 1,280 cases of dystonia
      registered at the Dystonia Clinical Research Center at the Columbia-Presbyterian
      Medical Center, we found 110 patients who had vocal cord involvement. These
      patients had historical information evaluated for age of onset (mean 34.6 years),
      duration of symptoms (mean 13.8 years), sex (1.4:1 female to male) family history
      (positive in 23%), and primary (66%) and secondary (34%) etiology; neurological
      evaluation for other dystonic involvement (25% with segmental cranial
      involvement, 23% with generalized dystonia) or tremor (irregular 23%, regular 6%
      on EMG). Treatment options were evaluated and included speech therapy,
      psychotherapy, biofeedback (with limited success), systemic medication (limited
      success except in abductor cases), nerve section (with late failure rate), and
      the use of botulinum toxin (improvement in all 34 injected patients).

PMID- 3374240
TI  - Site of upper airway obstruction in patients with idiopathic obstructive sleep
      apnea.
AB  - We developed a technique to determine the site of upper airway obstruction in
      patients with idiopathic obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This technique is based
      on the analysis of inspiratory airflow pressures at various levels of the
      pharyngeal airway during sleep. Pharyngeal pressure was measured by a moveable
      Millar catheter pressure transducer. The catheter's position in the airway was
      localized radiographically. Ten patients with OSA were tested: five patients were
      found to have upper airway obstruction at the level of the soft palate, and five
      had upper airway obstruction at the base of the tongue. We concluded that
      measuring airway pressures at multiple sites along the airway is useful in
      localizing the site of obstruction in patients with OSA, and may have important
      implications in terms of the patient's response to surgical treatment.

PMID- 3374241
TI  - Evaluation of noninvasive eustachian tube function tests in normal adults.
AB  - A causal association between eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction and otitis media
      (OM) has been documented. We present normative data for eustachian tube function
      (ETF) in an otologically normal population of 107 college-age subjects using two
      noninvasive methods: nine-step tympanometric testing and sonotubometry. The
      results show a 78% agreement between the two methods when one test session was
      performed. The nine-step test showed a 52% repeatability rate on three sequential
      test sessions while the sonotubometry test showed a 34% repeatability rate. The
      combined tests showed a 34% agreement for the three sequential tests. The
      findings reveal that the combination of the two tests identify 96% of normal
      subjects as having at least some tubal function present. Although both tests
      provide similar information regarding the presence of tubal opening, the
      sonotubometry method is more physiologic. Additional information shows that the
      average category of the nine-step test in a normal population was category 2, the
      mean duration of tubal dilation was 0.40 seconds, and the mean middle-ear
      pressure was -12 mm H2O.

PMID- 3374242
TI  - The redundant aryepiglottic fold: report of a new cause of stridor.
AB  - This is a report of seven patients with various degrees of stridor and airway
      obstruction due to redundancy of the aryepiglottic folds. This condition appears
      to be acquired and is most likely caused by central nervous system pathology
      which disrupts the normal neuromuscular function of the larynx.

PMID- 3374243
TI  - Acupuncture for the alleviation of tinnitus.
AB  - The present study describes the effect of acupuncture in 12 patients with
      tinnitus. The patients were referred from the Department of Audiology, Karolinska
      Hospital, where their hearing and tinnitus were assessed. None of the patients
      had benefited from previous treatment for tinnitus. The selection of acupuncture
      points depended on the individual and was, to a limited extent, based on
      traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Local points such as Si 19, Sj 17, and Sj 21
      were fairly standard; distal points took into account associated problems of the
      patient, but were also points recommended in TCM for tinnitus. Ten treatments
      were attempted within a 6- to 12-week period. The treatments were carried out
      weekly or biweekly depending on the availability of patient and acupuncturist.
      Six patients had transient effects and noise reduction. However, no positive long
      term results were obtained. Similarities between the experience of tinnitus and
      of pain are discussed in light of these findings.

PMID- 3374244
TI  - Variability of the thymidine labeling index in squamous cell carcinoma of the
      head and neck.
AB  - Tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) labeling is the standard technique for determining
      the kinetic activity of tumors. This method has been used to label multiple
      sections of tumor specimens obtained from seven patients with advanced squamous
      cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Considerable variability was observed in the
      labeling index in different sites from the same specimen. To reduce the large
      sampling error due to heterogeneity, we recommend that an average value be
      determined from multiple sections when employing this technique.

PMID- 3374245
TI  - A long-term, indwelling stent for maintenance of nasal patency in choanal
      atresia.

PMID- 3374246
TI  - A three-dimensional cosmetic nasal bandage following rhinectomy.

PMID- 3374247
TI  - Cochlear implant magnet retrofit.
AB  - An implantable magnet is now available for patients who have received the
      standard Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant and who are not able to wear the
      headband satisfactorily. This magnet is attached in piggy-back fashion to the
      previously implanted receiver/stimulator by means of a brief operation under
      local anesthesia. Two patients have received this magnet retrofit, and are now
      wearing the headset with greater comfort and satisfaction. It is felt that the
      availability of this magnet will increase patient compliance in regard to hours
      of implant usage.

PMID- 3374248
TI  - Warm air for prevention of vertigo.

PMID- 3374249
TI  - Panendoscopy.

PMID- 3374250
TI  - [Polyposis of the stomach caused by multiple xanthomas].
AB  - Case report on a rare gastric polyposis. Endoscopically the lesions appear as
      multiple, yellowish, partly villous polypoid changes histologically representing
      as foam cells und showing deposits of lipids on characteristic stains.
      Etiopathogenesis are these lesions and their differential diagnosis are
      discussed.

PMID- 3374251
TI  - [Drug safety, acceptance and effectiveness of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine)
      in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease].
AB  - In an open clinical trial 71 patients with ulcerative colitis and 27 patients
      with Crohn's disease were treated with mesalazine (5-ASA). After four to eight
      weeks of acute phase treatment, maintenance therapy was ensued by treatment over
      a period of maximal 48 weeks. The activity of both inflammatory bowel disease
      clearly decreased. Relapse was not observed during maintenance treatment in
      ulcerative colitis. Pathological changes of clinical findings were not observed
      during treatment. Pathologic changes before treatment, which were associated with
      the disease, returned to normal during treatment. All potential side effects
      during treatment were recorded. The rate of side effects was low and all
      normalized when therapy was continued. The study confirms that mesalazine was
      safe, efficient and almost well tolerable.

PMID- 3374252
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of jaundice and fever of unknown origin: ruptured aortic
      aneurysm with obstruction of the bile ducts].
AB  - A 65-year-old man with fever of unknown origin developed progressive extrahepatic
      cholestasis. Radiological examination documented a suprarenal abdominal aortic
      aneurysm. Fatal intraabdominal bleeding occurred, leading to death. Post-mortem
      examination revealed an earlier retroperitoneal rupture of the aortic aneurysm
      and massive perianeurysmal inflammation. The blood masses, reaching the porta
      hepatis, caused progressive obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Surgical
      treatment, delayed because of cholestatic and febrile complications, could have
      prevented the outcome.

PMID- 3374253
TI  - Pavlovian conditioning of shock-induced suppression of lymphocyte reactivity:
      acquisition, extinction, and preexposure effects.
AB  - Recent research has indicated that physical stressors, such as electric shock,
      can suppress immune function in rats. The present study investigated whether a
      nonaversive stimulus that had been associated with electric shock would also
      impair immune function. Presentation of that conditioned stimulus (CS) by itself
      produced a pronounced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in response to the
      nonspecific mitogens, Concanavalin-A (ConA) and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In
      further evidence of a conditioning effect, the suppression was attenuated by
      extinction and preexposure manipulations that degraded the associative value of
      the CS. These results indicate that a psychological or learned stressor can
      suppress immune reactivity independently of the direct effect of physically
      aversive stimulation or of ancillary changes in dietary and health-related
      habits.

PMID- 3374254
TI  - Reduction of the nocturnal rise in pineal melatonin levels in rats exposed to 60
      Hz electric fields in utero and for 23 days after birth.
AB  - Rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields of either 10, 65, or 130 kV/m from
      conception to 23 days of age exhibited reduced peak nighttime pineal melatonin
      contents compared to unexposed controls. As a group, the exposed rats also
      exhibited a phase delay, estimated at approximately 1.4 hours, in the occurrence
      of the nocturnal melatonin peak. No clear dose-response relationship was noticed
      over the range of electric field strengths used as treatments in these
      experiments. These are the first studies concerned with the effects of electric
      field exposure on the pineal melatonin rhythm in immature rats. The findings are
      generally consistent with those obtained using adult rats, where electric field
      exposure has been shown to abolish the nighttime rhythm in pineal melatonin
      concentrations.

PMID- 3374255
TI  - Concurrent treatment with benztropine and haloperidol attenuates development of
      behavioral hypersensitivity but not dopamine receptor proliferation.
AB  - Groups of male rats (n = 16 each) were treated with normal saline, haloperidol
      (0.75 mg/kg), benztropine (1.8 mg/kg) or haloperidol and benztropine once a day
      for 24 days. Following a 96 hour drug free interval, subsets of these animals
      were assessed for apomorphine-induced (0.75 mg/kg) stereotypic behavior,
      sacrificed and analyzed for striatal dopamine biochemistry or sacrificed and
      analyzed for spiroperidol binding sites. Benztropine cotreatment attenuated the
      development of behavioral hypersensitivity to haloperidol but did not alter
      either the dopamine receptor proliferation or the striatal dopamine biochemical
      changes induced by haloperidol. These results suggest that behavioral
      hypersensitivity is not an automatic manifestation of dopamine receptor
      proliferation but must depend, in part, on other factors.

PMID- 3374256
TI  - Day-to-day variation in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in stressed
      and non-stressed male Sprague-Dawley rats.
AB  - Previous studies involving physical-immobilization stress in laboratory rats have
      yielded inconsistent results with respect to melatonin synthesis in the pineal
      gland. As melatonin formation undergoes circadian and infradian rhythms, the aim
      of the present study was to examine whether stress experiments exhibit day-to-day
      variation. Toward this end, groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were stressed by
      physical immobilization on eight consecutive days, respectively, or left
      relatively undisturbed, and killed. The pineal gland was rapidly dissected out
      and serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin levels were
      measured. NAT activity was significantly depressed on experimental days 1, 3 and
      5, and slightly depressed on day 7. In addition, both in control and experimental
      animals NAT activity exhibited statistically significant differences between
      experimental days. Pineal melatonin levels were less variable. On experimental
      days 3 and 6 immobilization led to a significant increase of pineal melatonin
      levels. These results show that day-to-day variation is an important factor that
      influences the outcome of stress experiments and represent another example that
      NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels do not always show corresponding
      changes.

PMID- 3374257
TI  - Effect of 3-5-3'triiodothyronine treatment on cardiac action potential of
      streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
AB  - Electrical activity of rat atrium of streptozotocin-diabetic and control rats was
      compared. (i) As occurs in the ventricle, diabetes lengthens the cardiac atrial
      action potential. (ii) Treatment by T3 of diabetic animals decreases action
      potential duration to normal values and causes partial recovery in plateau decay
      during the late phase of repolarization. (iii) T3 treatment however, does not
      completely normalized the action potential of the diabetic rat atrium, which
      remains abnormal during the early phase of repolarization. These results
      demonstrate that some defects in membrane mechanisms involved in the early phase
      of action potential repolarization are attributable solely to diabetes. The
      possible nature of these mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 3374258
TI  - Dynamics of the striatal 3-MT pool in rat and mouse: species differences as
      assessed by steady-state measurements and intracerebral dialysis.
AB  - Analysis of dopamine and 3-MT dynamics in the striatum and in striatal
      dialysates, after pargyline treatment, indicates that the 3-MT pool in the rat is
      smaller but more dynamic than that in the mouse. The fractional rate constants
      calculated for the extracellular 3-MT and dopamine pools also indicate that a
      larger proportion of released dopamine is metabolized to 3-MT in the rat, or
      alternatively, 3-MT is cleared more slowly from the mouse striatum. Our striatal
      dialysis data also support previous in vivo voltammetry studies which have
      demonstrated that the fractional rate constant of the extracellular dopamine pool
      is at least 10-fold greater than that of the total striatal dopamine pool. These
      data suggest that multiple striatal dopamine pools exist and that a minimum of 20
      to 30% of the extracellular DA pool is metabolized to 3-MT.

PMID- 3374259
TI  - Antifertility effect of gossypol in male Japanese quail.
AB  - Conventionally housed 130-160 g adult male Japanese quail were given gossypol
      acetic acid (gossypol) im at 25 mg/kg in 0.5 ml of 10% EtOH for 12 and 24 days
      (Groups 1 and 2), respectively. One day after treatment was terminated they were
      allowed to mate with laying females individually for 20 days. Fertility was 0%
      from mating of the Group 1 birds on days 1-2 and increased to 25, 35, 55 and 65%
      on days 3-6 after cessation of gossypol treatment. At day 11, fertility was 80 vs
      84% in controls, whereas hatchability was 70% for both. By comparison, eggs from
      Group 2 mated quail were infertile for up to 20 days after the termination of
      gossypol treatment. In a parallel experiment, the percent testes to body weight
      ratio in control and 7, 14, 21, and 28-day gossypol-treated quail was 2.5, 2.2,
      1.8, 0.5, and 0.2%, respectively. In 12 vs 24-day treated birds, 7, 14, 21, and
      28 days after gossypol treatment, the ratios were 1.0 vs 0.5%, 2.0 vs 0.8% and
      2.8 vs 1.9%, respectively. The decreased fertility and hatachability, and
      testicular atrophy resulting from gossypol given to male quail was dose-time
      related. Furthermore, the androgen-dependent cloacal gland was drastically
      reduced in size by the treatment with gossypol. The mode of action of gossypol in
      male quail is different than it is in mammals in that the testicular size of
      mammals remains unchanged with long-term gossypol treatment. It is concluded that
      quail may be a useful avian animal model for investigating the antifertility
      effects of gossypol.

PMID- 3374260
TI  - Polyamines and the catalytic domain of protein kinase C.
AB  - The effect of polyamines on the catalytic domain of protein kinase C from rat
      brain was investigated. It was found that the addition of spermine strongly
      inhibited phosphorylation activity toward histone H1 as substrate. This
      tetramine, at millimolar concentrations, was most potently effective while
      triamines and diamines were almost uneffective, therefore the inhibitory action
      appeared to be structural specific. Data shown here suggest that polyamine by
      interacting with the catalytic domain of the enzyme may contribute to its
      regulation.

PMID- 3374261
TI  - Evidence for cigarette smoke-induced calcitonin secretion from lungs of man and
      hamster.
AB  - In hamsters, acute cigarette smoke inhalation increased serum levels of the
      hormone calcitonin; and, in humans, smoking of two high-nicotine content
      cigarettes increased serum and urine levels of this hormone. The source of this
      immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) does not appear to be the thyroid gland, since
      previously thyroidectomized patients demonstrated a similar response. In the
      hamster, the increased serum iCT levels were accompanied by a decreased lung
      tissue iCT content and hypocalcemia. It is suggested that the source of the
      cigarette smoke-induced hypercalcitonemia is the lung, possibly from the iCT
      containing pulmonary neuroendocrine (PNE) cells. Moreover, this response appears
      to be dependent on the nicotine content of the cigarettes.

PMID- 3374262
TI  - Effect of intrastriatal injection of soman on acetylcholine, dopamine and
      serotonin metabolism.
AB  - Intrastriatal injection of soman (14.85 nmol) inhibits cholinesterase (ChE)
      activity in the striatum with much smaller decreases in ChE activity in other
      brain areas of the rat. As would be expected, there is a substantial increase in
      striatal acetylcholine (ACh) content shortly after soman injection. However, this
      increase is no longer significant 1 h following intrastriatal injection. There is
      no change in striatal KACh 20 min, 1 h or 24 h following soman injection. ACh
      content is not affected in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, or medulla/pons
      following intrastriatal soman injection. However, KACh and/or ACh turnover are
      reduced in these brain areas following soman injection. There is no consistent
      effect on dopamine (DA) metabolism in any of the brain areas studied. However,
      serotonin (5-HT) metabolism appears to be affected in the cortex, hippocampus and
      medulla/pons following intrastriatal injection of soman. Possible mechanisms of
      the actions of local injection of soman on brain Ach and 5-HT metabolism are
      discussed, as well as the differences observed between the effects of local and
      peripheral administration of soman on DA metabolism in the striatum.

PMID- 3374263
TI  - Serotonin2 agonist administration down-regulates rat brain serotonin2 receptors.
AB  - Daily administration of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was previously shown
      to decrease serotonin2 (5-HT2) receptor binding in rat brain. Recently, 4
      substituted derivatives of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane, the
      substitution being with either iodine (DOI) or bromine (DOB), have been suggested
      to be relatively selective 5-HT2 agonists. These compounds share common
      behavioral and neurophysiological effects with LSD, suggested to be 5-HT2
      receptor mediated, and the purpose of the present study was to determine whether
      they also affect 5-HT2 receptor binding after systemic administration in a
      similar way to LSD. Administration of DOI (1.0 mg/kg) or DOB (0.5 mg/kg) for 7
      days resulted in a decrease in 5-HT2 binding, as evaluated with [3H]ketanserin,
      similar to the decrease after LSD. In a further evaluation of the parallelism of
      LSD and 5-HT2 agonists, it was found that 24 hr after one administration of a low
      dose of LSD (130 ug/kg) or DOI (1.0 mg/kg), there was no change in binding, but
      there was a decrease 24 hr after a high dose (LSD, 650 micrograms/kg; DOI, 7.0
      mg/kg). Four hours after the high dose of LSD or DOI there was also a decrease in
      5-HT2 binding. Thus, results have shown that 5-HT2 agonists are capable of down
      regulating 5-HT2 receptors and that LSD acts in a parallel fashion. This study
      has also demonstrated that 5-HT2 receptors can be modified within hours after
      drug administration.

PMID- 3374264
TI  - The long-term effects of repeated amphetamine treatment in vivo on amphetamine,
      KCl and electrical stimulation evoked striatal dopamine release in vitro.
AB  - Exposure to amphetamine (AMPH) in vivo produces an enduring enhancement
      ('sensitization') in AMPH-stimulated striatal DA release in vitro. Experiments
      were conducted to determine whether striatal DA release evoked by neuronal
      depolarization is altered by AMPH pretreatment in a similar manner. It was found
      that AMPH pretreatment produced a long-lasting (at least one week) enhancement in
      striatal DA release evoked by AMPH, KCl or electrical field stimulation. In
      contrast, the basal rate of DA efflux was not altered by pretreatment condition.
      A mechanism by which a single change in the intracellular distribution of DA
      could enhance both AMPH- and depolarization-induced DA release is proposed.

PMID- 3374265
TI  - Tamoxifen counteracts estradiol induced effects on striatal and hypophyseal
      dopamine receptors.
AB  - We investigated the ability of Tamoxifen (TAM), an antiestrogen drug, to
      counteract the modifications induced by estrogens on dopamine (DA) receptors on
      striatum and on adenohypophysis of ovex female rats. Subacute treatment with 17
      beta-estradiol (E2) at both low (0.1 micrograms/kg) and high (20 micrograms/kg)
      doses confirmed its ability to increase the number of striatal 3H-Spiperone (3H
      SPI) binding sites in a dose dependent manner. By contrast in the pituitary, only
      high doses of estrogen were effective in reducing the number of DA receptors. We
      treated ovex female rats for 15 days with TAM alone or associated with E2, to see
      if these estrogenic effects could be suppressed by an antiestrogenic drug. TAM
      did not affect the number of striatal DA receptors, but significantly increased
      the adenohypophyseal DA binding sites, without varying their affinity. No changes
      were observed in pituitary and striatal DA receptor density, even when TAM was
      injected in association with estradiol. IN CONCLUSION: TAM is able to counteract
      the effects estrogens have on DA receptors. However there is some evidence that
      it could influence the pituitary DA systems independently of its antiestrogenic
      activity.

PMID- 3374266
TI  - Central oxotremorine antagonist properties of pirenzepine.
AB  - Pirenzepine, the prototype M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, is an important
      compound for investigating the functional significance of M1 receptors at the
      integrated level of behavior but may have limitations imposed by its physical
      chemistry. Like the nonselective antagonist methylatropine, pirenzepine is highly
      hydrophilic and crosses the blood-brain-barrier with difficulty. We compared
      methylatropine with pirenzepine, given intraperitonealy, as antagonists of the
      behavioral effects of peripheral or central muscarinic activation. Lever-press
      responses of male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under a schedule requiring
      10 responses for each food delivery. Administration of oxotremorine or the
      quaternary analog oxotremorine-M decreased rates of responding by at least 90%.
      Both methylatropine and pirenzepine antagonized the behavioral effects of
      oxotremorine-M; maximum reversal was 70%. Although methylatropine was about 30
      times more potent than pirenzepine as an antagonist of the peripheral muscarinic
      activity of oxotremorine-M, it was inactive as an antagonist of oxotremorine when
      given in doses up to 153 mumol/kg. Pirenzepine, however, reversed oxotremorine
      induced behavioral effects, with a maximum antagonism of 50%. These results
      suggest that pirenzepine interacts with central muscarinic receptors when
      administered systemically without producing marked behavioral effects of its own.
      Systemically administered pirenzepine may thus be a useful tool in further
      investigations of the relevance of M1 receptors to behavioral function.

PMID- 3374267
TI  - Tolerance and cross-tolerance to theophylline-induced stimulation of locomotor
      activity in rats.
AB  - Rats treated chronically with caffeine become tolerant to caffeine-induced
      stimulation of locomotor activity and cross-tolerant to theophylline. This study
      was performed to determine if the cross-tolerance between these two
      methylxanthine drugs is symmetrical. Symmetrical cross-tolerance produced by two
      different drugs implies a common underlying mechanism of action. Separate groups
      of rats were given scheduled access to drinking bottles containing either drug
      free tap water or 1.0 mg/ml theophylline solution. Daily theophylline intake
      averaged 59 mg/kg. Dose-effect curves were determined in both control and
      theophylline-treated groups for 5 drugs: the methylxanthines theophylline and
      caffeine, a nonxanthine psychomotor stimulant, d-amphetamine, and the adenosine
      analogs R(-)-N6-2-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and 5'-(N
      ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine. All drugs were injected i.p. and locomotor activity
      was measured for 30 min beginning 35 min later. Rats that were maintained
      chronically on theophylline were completely tolerant to the locomotor activity
      stimulant effects of acutely administered theophylline and cross-tolerant to
      caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity. In contrast, both control and
      treated groups were fully responsive to the stimulant effects of d-amphetamine.
      Low doses of the adenosine analogs produced stimulation of locomotor activity in
      both groups of rats. Higher doses produced a dose-dependent depression of
      locomotor activity in control rats; curves for the theophylline-treated rats were
      shifted to the right of the control curves. Thus, adenosine antagonist activity
      of theophylline remained evident at a time of complete tolerance to the stimulant
      effect of the drug on locomotor activity.

PMID- 3374268
TI  - The cloned murine M1 muscarinic receptor is associated with the hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylinositols in transfected murine B82 cells.
AB  - A rat genomic DNA clone was isolated by its homology with a conserved primary
      sequence among the mammalian and avian beta adrenergic and porcine muscarinic
      receptors. A gene identified in this clone was highly homologous to the rat M1
      muscarinic receptor. Stable expression of this gene was achieved in an
      established murine fibroblast cell line, B82. The gene product exhibits M1 type
      muscarinic receptor characteristics, as it has high affinity for PZ but low
      affinity for AF-DX 116. Carbachol stimulated the hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylinositols in the transfected cells. Pirenzepine had a more potent
      inhibitory effect on this response than AF-DX 116 since their functional
      inhibition constants were 13 nM and 480 nM, respectively, which is consistent
      with an M1 pharmacological profile. These data suggest that the M1 muscarinic
      receptor encoded by the gene is coupled to the hydrolysis of
      phosphatidylinositols after transfecting this gene into the B82 cells.

PMID- 3374269
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of dextrorphan in rats: possible involvement in
      dextromethorphan-induced seizure protection.
AB  - The major metabolite of the non-opioid anticonvulsant/antitussive
      dextromethorphan is dextrorphan. In the present study, the effects of dextrorphan
      were determined in an experimental model of seizure activity (maximal
      electroshock convulsions) (MES). Subcutaneous administration of dextrorphan
      produced dose-related blockade of tonic hindlimb extension (THE) and a decrease
      in the duration of tonic forelimb extension (TFE). The anticonvulsant effect of
      dextrorphan was linear and maximally efficacious. Compared to the prototypical
      anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin, dextrorphan was 2.5 times more potent
      (ED50's = 30 mumol/kg and 12 mumol/kg, respectively). Pretreatment with naloxone
      failed to antagonize dextrorphan-induced blockade of THE. Moreover, pretreatment
      with dextrophan failed to significantly enhance the anticonvulsant potency of
      diphenylhydantoin. It is likely that the anticonvulsant effects of dextrorphan
      are related to its actions at the phencyclidine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
      complex, whereas the anticonvulsant effects of dextromethorphan have been
      attributed to binding to a specific dextromethorphan site in the brain.
      Therefore, we suggest that while metabolism to dextrorphan could possibly
      contribute to the anticonvulsant effects of dextromethorphan, it is probably
      through an unrelated receptor mechanism.

PMID- 3374270
TI  - A highly active soluble diacylglycerol synthesizing system from developing
      rapeseed, Brassica napus L.
AB  - The subcellular distribution of the enzymes of triacylglycerol biosynthesis has
      been studied in developing oilseed rape. All in vitro enzymatic activities from
      oleoyl-CoA to triacylglycerol were sufficient to account for the known rate of
      oleate deposition in triacylglycerol in vivo. The enzymatic activities from
      oleoyl-CoA to diacylglycerol preferentially were localized in a 150,000 g
      supernatant fraction, while the diacylglycerol acyl-transferase mostly was
      associated with the microsomal (20,000 g pellet and 150,000 g pellet) and oil
      body fractions. The soluble (150,000 g supernatant) fraction rapidly incorporated
      oleate from [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA into diacylglycerol with rates of 40 nm min-1 g-1
      FW at 20 microM oleoyl-CoA. The pH optimum was 7.5-9.0, and normal saturation
      kinetics were seen with oleoyl-CoA; the S0.5 was about 32 microM. Exogenous acyl
      acceptors, such as glycerol 3-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and
      lysophosphatidyl-choline stimulated oleate incorporation into diacylglycerol. The
      detergents Triton X-100 and sodium cholate inhibited diacylglycerol formation at
      concentrations in the region of their critical micellar concentration, while n
      octyl-beta, D-glyco-pyranoside had no effect, even at high concentration. The
      significance of these findings for the mechanism of oil-body formation in
      developing oilseeds is discussed.

PMID- 3374271
TI  - Effects of cholesterol feeding to maternal rats on metabolism of cholesterol and
      bile acids in the dams and their offspring.
AB  - The influence of feeding cholesterol to rats during pregnancy and postpartum
      (from the 11th day of gestation to the third day after delivery) on the serum and
      hepatic cholesterol levels and on the bile acid composition in the pool and in
      the liver in relationship to the dams and their pups was examined. The hepatic
      content of cholesterol in both dam and offspring increased during cholesterol
      feeding without any changes in serum cholesterol level. In the dams, mainly the
      esterified cholesterol was increased; in the pups, mainly the free cholesterol
      was increased. Cholesterol feeding led to a pronounced increase in the pool of
      beta-muricholic acid and a relative decrease in the lithocholic acid
      concentration in pregnant rats. In fetal rats, the chenodeoxycholic acid pool was
      increased by cholesterol intake. The lithocholic acid pool was larger in the
      postpartum rats fed cholesterol than in the controls, while the concentration of
      alpha- and beta-muricholic acids was decreased. The neonates of cholesterol-fed
      dams had a larger pool of chenodeoxycholic acid but a smaller pool of beta
      muricholic acid. These results suggest that the metabolism of cholesterol and of
      bile acids in dams and their offspring respond differently to cholesterol intake.

PMID- 3374272
TI  - Human placenta gangliosides.
AB  - Gangliosides extracted from human placenta were composed of four major components
      (G1-G4), which were purified by silica beads column chromatography. The
      structures of these gangliosides were analyzed by exoglycosidase treatments, 400
      MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry and were concluded to be as follows: (Formula: see text).
      Gangliosides containing more than 10 sugar residues were observed in addition to
      the above four major components. But ganglio-series gangliosides were
      undetectable in the placenta.

PMID- 3374273
TI  - Testing a short-term feeding trial to assess compositional and histopathological
      changes in hearts of rats fed vegetable oils.
AB  - Male, female and castrated rats, three wk of age, were fed a low-fat diet for 14
      wk followed by high-fat diets (20% by weight) for one wk containing graded levels
      of erucic acid from 1 to 50%, to evaluate the effect of short-term feeding and
      interaction of male sex hormones on formation of heart lesions. Some rats within
      each group were returned to the low-fat diet for one wk after the test period.
      For comparison, one group of three-wk-old male rats was fed the high fat 50%
      erucic acid diet for 15 wk. Erucic acid depressed growth rate and food
      consumption and increased cardiac lipidosis and triglycerides proportional to the
      erucic acid content of the diet. There were no sex differences, and the effects
      disappeared once rats were returned to the low-fat diet for one week. There was a
      significance (P less than 0.05) in the incidence of myocardial necrosis among
      male rats fed increased levels of erucic acid for one week, but the response was
      not linear to the increase in dietary erucic acid. Furthermore, the response was
      much less than in males fed the 50% erucic acid diet continually for 15 weeks.
      These results suggest that the short-term model is not a suitable substitute for
      the long-term feeding trial to test the cardiopathogenicity of a vegetable oil.
      The significantly lower incidence in myocardial lesions in female and castrated
      male rats compared with male rats suggests involvement of sex hormones.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374274
TI  - [3H]forskolin- and [3H]dihydroalprenolol-binding sites and adenylate cyclase
      activity in heart of rats fed diets containing different oils.
AB  - The characteristics of the cardiac adenylate cyclase system were studied in rats
      fed diets containing fish oil (menhaden oil) and other oils. Adenylate cyclase
      activity generally was higher in cardiac homogenates and membranes of rats fed
      diet containing 10% menhaden oil than in the other oils. The increase in enzyme
      activity, especially in forskolin-stimulated activity, was associated with an
      increase in the concentration of the [3H] forskolin-binding sites in cardiac
      membranes of rats fed menhaden oil. The beta-adrenergic receptor concentration
      was not significantly altered although the affinity for [3H]dihydroalprenolol
      binding was lower in membranes of rats fed menhaden oil than those fed the other
      oils. omega-3 fatty acids from menhaden oil were incorporated into the cardiac
      membrane phospholipids. The results suggest that the observed increase in
      myocardial adenylate cyclase activity of rats fed menhaden oil may be due to an
      increase in the number of the catalytic subunits of the enzyme or due to a
      greater availability of the forskolin-binding sites.

PMID- 3374276
TI  - Dissolution of cholesterol gallstones by bile acids in the prairie dog.
AB  - The effect of chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid
      on gallstone dissolution was studied in the prairie dog. Cholesterol gallstones
      were found in all animals after feeding a semipurified diet plus 1.2% cholesterol
      for six wk. Gallstone regression was examined by feeding a chow diet containing
      the bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid or hyodeoxycholic
      acid) alone (30 mg/kg/day) or in combination (chenodeoxycholic acid plus
      ursodeoxycholic acid) for an additional six wk. Chenodeoxycholic acid was
      effective in dissolving established cholesterol gallstones (two out of 16 animals
      still had stones) and cholesterol crystals (six out of 16 animals had crystals);
      the hydrophilic bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid, were
      ineffective in the six-wk regression study. The lithogenic indices averaged 1.09
      at the end of the induction period; all biles became unsaturated with respect to
      cholesterol after the six-wk regression period (group 1, 0.82; group 2, 0.66;
      group 3, 0.81; group 4, 0.84; group 5, 0.66). Cholesterol levels in liver, plasma
      and bile were elevated after the six-wk induction phase (4.59 mg/g, 610 mg/dl and
      0.36 mg/ml, respectively) but returned to near normal levels after the six-wk
      regression period. Biliary bile acids contained increased levels of the dietary
      bile acid administered to each group. This experiment shows that relatively
      hydrophobic bile acids may be more effective than hydrophilic bile acids for
      gallstone dissolution during the period studied.

PMID- 3374275
TI  - Structural modifications of rat serum high density lipoprotein by pancreatic
      phospholipase A2.
AB  - An important and unusual aspect of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the rat
      is its tendency to undergo marked alterations in structure in response to
      physiological perturbations. In this study, the role of the surface lipids for
      maintenance of HDL integrity were investigated. Hydrolysis by pancreatic
      phospholipase A2 of the phospholipids of rat HDL in the presence of the d greater
      than 1.21 g/ml fraction of rat serum results in an increase in the particle
      diameter and an uptake of apo-E and apo A-IV from the lipoprotein-free fraction;
      augmentation of the albumin concentration in the incubation mixture intensified
      the observed changes, probably due to enhancement of the compositional changes
      brought about by phospholipase treatment. Phospholipase A2, treatment of the d
      less than 1.21 g/ml fraction of rat serum produces only minor changes in the
      properties of the isolated HDL. These data suggest that changes in apoprotein
      content reflect an uptake of A-IV and E by the rat HDL, rather than a net loss of
      apo A-I. Likewise, titration of the action of pancreatic phospholipase A2 on HDL
      apoprotein composition showed that initially a modest increase in apo A-IV
      content occurred, but with more extensive phospholipolysis there was a
      considerably greater increase in the apo-E content of the particle. The data
      suggest that hydrolysis of phospholipids such as occurs physiologically through
      the action of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase and hepatic lipase may alter
      the HDL structure independently from changes effected in the neutral lipid core.

PMID- 3374277
TI  - Normalization of high density lipoprotein in fish eye disease plasma by purified
      normal human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
AB  - Plasma from a patient with fish eye disease has been enriched with autologous
      high density lipoproteins (HDL) and supplemented with highly purified normal
      human plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Incubation of such
      plasma at 37 C in vitro resulted in normalization of its low HDL cholesteryl
      ester percentage, from 23% to 79%, associated with a two-fold increase in both
      the cholesteryl ester and triglyceride contents of the HDL fraction, as compared
      to incubation experiments with absent or heat-inactivated purified normal LCAT.
      The normalization of the HDL cholesteryl ester percentage induced by incubation
      with purified normal LCAT also was accompanied by an increase in the size of the
      original fish eye disease HDL particles, which had a mean mass of 115 kd, to HDL
      particle populations with mean particle masses ranging from 130-220 kd, depending
      on the concentration of purified LCAT in the incubate. Both HDL cholesterol
      esterification and particle enlargement were abolished completely by the LCAT
      inhibitor DTNB and by heat inactivation of the purified normal LCAT. The results
      give further evidence that fish eye disease is an alpha-LCAT deficiency.

PMID- 3374278
TI  - Cholesterol synthesis in the pathogenesis of lithocholic acid-induced
      cholestasis.
AB  - Lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis is associated with
      increased de novo synthesis of hepatic cholesterol and augmented cholesterol
      content of the liver cell plasma membrane fraction enriched in bile canalicular
      complexes (BCM). To determine whether inhibition of cholesterol synthesis could
      prevent LCA-induced cholestasis, adult male Wistar rats were treated daily with
      the hypocholesterolemic agents, clofibrate (250 mg/kg) or mevinolin (25 mg/kg),
      for one, two or four days. After bile duct cannulation and bile collection for
      one hr, the animals were injected intravenously with 120 mumoles/kg of LCA or its
      carrier (albumin). Cholesterol synthesis was measured in liver homogenates, and
      its contribution to the BCM was estimated. LCA reduced bile flow by 51%, 35% and
      25% after clofibrate pretreatment for one, two and four days, respectively, and
      by 51%, 30% and 42% in mevinolin-pretreated animals after one, two and four days.
      In control animals, cholesterol synthesis and the contribution of newly
      synthesized cholesterol in the BCM were increased after LCA injection. However,
      despite that cholesterol synthesis and the contribution of newly synthesized
      cholesterol in the BCM were reduced in drug-pretreated rats, LCA injection caused
      a relative increase in these parameters of a magnitude similar to that observed
      in controls. Thus, the ability of LCA injection to augment de novo cholesterol
      synthesis and its transport to the BCM may be an important pathogenetic step in
      the development of cholestasis.

PMID- 3374280
TI  - Quantitation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in rat heart by iatroscan TLC/FID.
AB  - 1,2-Diacylglycerol, which has been recognized as one of the intracellular second
      messengers, was measured quantitatively in the lipid extract from rat hearts
      using the thin layer chromatography and flame ionization detection (TLC/FID)
      method. Cholesterol acetate was added to the tissue as an internal standard, and
      the crude lipids from the tissue were purified with silicic acid column to
      eliminate phospholipids. Development of Chromarods was carried out using two
      solvent systems and a three-step development technique. The relationship of the
      peak area ratio detected by flame ionization detector to weight ratio was linear
      compared with cholesteryl acetate. The 1,2-diacylglycerol content in the rat
      heart in the unstimulated condition was 72.5 +/- 15.3 ng/mg wet wt (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 3374279
TI  - Lipogenic enzyme activities in primary cultures of adult mouse hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of various unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic
      (18:2n-6) and arachidonic (20:4n-6) on the activities of fatty acid synthetase
      (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6
      phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) all were determined in primary cultures of
      mouse hepatocytes. Activities of FAS and ME were found to decrease with time in
      culture regardless of whether hepatocyte donors were fed diets containing
      polyunsaturated fatty acid-free hydrogenated cottonseed oil (HCTO) or corn oil
      (CO). On the other hand, while G6PDH activity also declined in cultured
      hepatocytes obtained from HCTO-fed mice, the activity of this enzyme increased in
      cells cultured from CO-fed mice. 6PGDH activity was found to increase in
      hepatocytes obtained from both diet groups. Neither 18:2 nor 20:4 when added to
      media could alter FAS or ME activities compared with those observed with either
      18:1-containing or fatty acid-free media. Since lactic dehydrogenase activity and
      the rate of incorporation of [3H] leucine into FAS protein were unaltered with
      time in hepatocyte cultures, the decreased activities of FAS and ME cannot be
      attributed to a loss in cell viability during culture but rather appear to be
      specific for those enzymes which respond to diet hormones in vivo.

PMID- 3374281
TI  - A multi-plane scout sequence using flash imaging.
AB  - A new pulse sequence is presented for multi-plane imaging which simultaneously
      acquires images in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Combined with FLASH
      imaging or other similar techniques, T1- and T2-weighted images in all three
      planes can be acquired in approximately 12 and 30 seconds, respectively. The
      sequence is easily implemented by modifying a multi-slice sequence to provide a
      rotation of gradient assignments between slice excitations. This sequence has
      been used extensively as a rapid "scout" scan. Several clinical examples are
      included.

PMID- 3374282
TI  - Induced renal artery stenosis in rabbits: magnetic resonance imaging,
      angiography, and radionuclide determination of blood volume and blood flow.
AB  - To investigate the ability of MRI to detect alterations due to renal ischemia, a
      rabbit renal artery stenosis (RAS) model was developed. Seven rabbits had RAS
      induced by surgically encircling the artery with a polyethylene band which had a
      lumen of 1 mm, 1 to 2 weeks prior to imaging. The stenosis was confirmed by
      angiography, and the rabbits were then imaged in a 1.4 T research MRI unit. T1
      was calculated using four inversion recovery sequences with different inversion
      times. Renal blood flow, using 113Sn-microspheres, and regional water content by
      drying were then measured. The average T1 of the inner medulla was shorter for
      the ischemia (1574 msec) than for the contralateral kidney (1849 msec), while no
      change ws noted in the cortex. Ischemic kidneys had less distinct outer medullary
      zones on IR images with TI = 600 msec than did contralateral or control kidneys.
      Blood flow to both the cortex and medulla were markedly reduced in ischemic
      kidneys compared with contralateral kidneys (119.5 vs. 391 ml/min/100 gm for
      cortex and 19.8 vs. 50.8 ml/min/100 gm for medulla). Renal water and blood
      content were less affected. Our rabbit model of renal artery stenosis with MRI,
      radionuclide, and angiographic correlation has the potential to increase our
      understanding of MR imaging of the rabbit kidney.

PMID- 3374283
TI  - SAR reduced pulse sequences.
AB  - Three techniques were considered for reducing the RF (radiofrequency) power
      deposition in the body while maintaining scan time efficiency: reducing the RF
      peak amplitude while increasing the pulse width, substituting gradient echoes for
      spin echoes, and reducing the flip angle of the phase reversal pulse. The use of
      gradient echoes was found to be the most efficient means to reduce the power
      delivered to the patient and to obtain rapid data acquisition. The effect upon
      SAR (specific absorption rate) and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) was demonstrated
      on a phantom when the phase reversal pulse was reduced from the standard 180
      degrees to 90 degrees. Data in the body indicated a fairly constant SNR down to a
      refocusing flip angle between 110 degrees and 135 degrees. An initial clinical
      evaluation was performed at three institutions using the method of reducing the
      flip angle of the phase reversal pulse. The scan with theta = 120 degrees was
      rated by readers in a blinded study as having acceptable diagnostic image quality
      while the 135 degrees scan had comparable image quality to a conventional 90
      degrees - 180 degrees pulse sequence. The use of reduced phase reversal pulses
      was seen as an efficient protocol to obtain T1-weighted images at rapid data
      rates while reducing the power delivered to the body by about 40%.

PMID- 3374284
TI  - Paramagnetic enhanced proton magnetic resonance measurement in rats: correlates
      with renal function.
AB  - Renal cortical, medullar and papillary T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured
      in rats with normal (n = 13) and impaired renal function (n = 11) with a Bruker
      Multispec, 20 MHz at 37 degrees C. In one group of seven rats, decreased renal
      function was obtained by 50% glycerol solution administration (10 ml/kg-body
      weight) 24 hours before the experiment, while in another group of four rats the
      renal function was decreased, by ureteral ligation for 72 hours. Immediately
      after the excision of one kidney, Gadolinium-DTPA (70 mumole/kg body weight) was
      injected intravenously. The second kidney was excised 5 min later. From the T1
      and T2 relaxation times measured in the cortex, medulla, and papilla, their
      respective ratios before and after GdDTPA administration were calculated and
      correlated with GFR determined by creatinine clearance (Ccr range was between 0
      and 850 microliters/min/g kidney weight). For T1: the ratios in the cortex,
      medulla, and papilla the correlation coefficients were r = 0.81 (p less than
      0.001), r = 0.85 (p less than 0.001), and r = 0.87 (p less than 0.0001),
      respectively. The respective correlation coefficient r values for T2 were r =
      0.38 (NS), r = 0.76 (p less than 0.001), and r = 0.73 (p less than 0.001). The
      present study indicates that a combination of MR measurements, with and without
      GdDTPA paramagnetic enhancement, can offer a new possibility for obtaining
      information on renal function and suggest the possibility of concomitant anatomo
      functional magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3374285
TI  - Considerations for brain pH assessment by 31P NMR.
AB  - Recently in vivo NMR spectroscopy has been used to measure brain pH non
      invasively. Both the inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) chemical shift (delta) and the
      difference between the chemical shifts of phosphocreatine (PCr) and Pi(delta
      delta PCr-Pi) have been proposed as indicators of brain pH. However, the precise
      delta of Pi may be difficult to determine under normoxic conditions as is the
      delta of PCr under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Ideally one needs a NMR delta
      parameter that: (1) linearly changes between pH 6.0-8.0, (2) is either relatively
      unaffected or predictably affected by cations (e.g., Mg2+) other than H+, and
      that (3) comes from readily observable 31P NMR resonances whose delta's can be
      accurately assessed under all physiological conditions. Therefore, we undertook a
      systematic 31P NMR study of the pH and Mg2+ titration curves for 16 phosphorus
      containing metabolites observed in brain by 31P NMR. On the basis of the
      titration curves, the delta delta's for PCr-Pi, phosphoethanolamine (PE)-Pi, and
      PCr-PE fulfill criteria (1) and (2), but not criterion (3). However, the delta
      delta of ATP gamma-alpha fulfills all three criteria and potentially provides
      information on the intracellular Mg2+ concentration.

PMID- 3374286
TI  - Correction of spatially dependent phase shifts for partial Fourier imaging.
AB  - Partial Fourier MR images (PFI) are constructed from data that have fewer phase
      encoding views than are conventionally acquired using direct Fourier transform
      spin echo acquisition. The PFI data acquisition is structured to obtain the same
      spatial resolution as conventional acquisition, trading off signal-to-noise
      reduction for acquisition time improvement. The "missing" views can be zero
      filled or, if the data are Hermitian, supplied by symmetry (basic algorithm). The
      effect of spatially dependent phase shifts (SDPS) on PFI constructed with zero
      fill or the basic algorithm is illustrated. The causes and typical magnitudes of
      such SDPS are discussed. In spin echo data only the low order, slowly varying
      SDPS, is shown to be significant. Through use of simulated and actual data sets
      these typical SDPS are shown to produce significant artifacts in PFI, when the
      amount of missing data is close to one-half. The artifacts are reduced when less
      data are missing. Good images can be generated with the zero-fill algorithm if
      less than 25% of the data is missing. Several methods of correcting phase shifts
      in PFI are developed: the basic Hermitian algorithm with frequency (x) direction
      correction (BAX), basic Fourier correction algorithm (BFC) and an improved
      iterative Fourier correction algorithm (IFC). The BFC and IFC can produce good
      images when as much as 46% of the data is missing. Data with rapidly varying
      SDPS, for example, gradient refocused data, make the phase correction task more
      difficult. With less than 25% of the data missing, however, acceptable gradient
      refocused PFI images can be created.

PMID- 3374287
TI  - A comparative evaluation of "depth pulses" and related sequences for spatial
      discrimination in in-vivo NMR spectroscopy with surface coils.
AB  - The performance of a range of "depth pulses" and related pulse sequences for
      achieving enhanced spatial resolution in surface coil magnetic resonance
      spectroscopy (MRS) has been compared both experimentally and by computer
      simulation. A detailed analysis of the spatial selectivity of these sequences
      both on- and off-resonance suggests that the problem of combining good spatial
      resolution with adequate bandwidth has yet to be fully resolved. These and
      related problems, such as the shape of the sensitive volume and its dependence on
      resonance offset, are likely to limit the use of depth pulses, particularly where
      alternative methods of spatial selection are available.

PMID- 3374288
TI  - Identification and characterization of biological tissues by NMR. Concerted
      research project of the European Economic Community.

PMID- 3374289
TI  - Tissue characterization by MRI: a multidisciplinary and multi-centre challenge
      today.

PMID- 3374290
TI  - Identification and characterization of biological tissues by NMR. Concerted
      research project of the European Economic Community. Introduction, objectives,
      and activities.
AB  - NMR offers, in the complex proton relaxation properties of biological tissues, a
      unique and potentially powerful tool of tissue characterization. The difficulties
      encountered so far in comparing the results of in vitro and in vivo NMR studies
      carried out in different laboratories inhibit NMR methodologies from fully
      expressing their content of physiopathological information, as well as their
      potential for therapeutic monitoring. Moreover, obtaining accurate data on proton
      relaxation in vivo requires accurate location of the anatomical region under
      study. The acquisition of acceptable information about location and effects is
      dependent on the establishment of agreed procedures for tests, as well as on the
      use of appropriate test objects and test substances. A concerted research project
      entitled "Identification and Characterization of Biological Tissues by NMR" was
      activated in 1984 by the European Economic Community as part of the Third Medical
      Research Program, under the auspices of the Biomedical Engineering Concerted
      Action Committee. A series of papers is presented here which illustrates
      objectives and scientific programs of this project, the protocols adopted for
      multi-center comparison of in vitro and in vivo studies, and the results of
      validating trials, as well as problems of reference substances.

PMID- 3374291
TI  - A protocol for in vitro proton relaxation studies. EEC Concerted Research
      Project.
AB  - A protocol, referred to as the EEC In Vitro NMR Protocol, is offered for use in
      the measurement of NMR proton relaxation times of excised tissues and associated
      materials. The protocol, which has been evaluated in an international trial,
      designates: (a) The type of information which should be provided in all reports;
      (b) Tissue handling and storage, including initial manipulation, temperature
      treatment, and short and long storage of tissue; (c) Instrumental parameters,
      including pulse sequences for T1 and T2 measurement, appropriate number of data
      points, and their distribution along the relaxation curve; and (d) Methods of
      data analysis. The discussion amplifies some of the points with reasons for the
      choices of conditions made in the protocol.

PMID- 3374292
TI  - Multi-center trial with an in vitro NMR protocol. EEC Concerted Research Project.
AB  - The EEC Protocol for in vitro measurement of T1 and T2 presented in paper II of
      this series was tested in 15 centers on a variety of instruments. This article
      discusses the results of this protocol trial using biological samples (rat liver
      and thigh muscle) and two reference gel samples. Each reference gel was prepared
      as a single batch, dispensed into appropriate sample tubes and sent to all
      participants. Details of instrument types and operating conditions are given,
      along with measurement frequencies and temperatures and the results of precision
      testing. The relaxation time measurements from the gels for the trial are
      compared with temperature and frequency effects examined in independent centers
      under similar conditions. The relaxation time values for biological tissues are
      examined in the light of the scatter of such values in the general literature. To
      check the effects of data analysis methods on relaxation times, full relaxation
      data for one reference sample was provided by each group. This was re-analyzed in
      three centers using different methods; these results are compared with the values
      calculated by each group using its own method. In general, the results from
      different groups show good consistency with the reference values. The use of this
      Protocol has helped reduce scatter in results from biological samples and has
      provided information for improvement of individual operating conditions and
      improvement of the protocol to its final form.

PMID- 3374293
TI  - Protocols and test objects for the assessment of MRI equipment. EEC Concerted
      Research Project.
AB  - As part of the European Economic Community research project, a set of five test
      objects for the assessment of magnetic resonance imaging systems has been
      designed and constructed and protocols for their use developed. This paper
      presents design details of the test objects and the protocols for their use to
      allow the measurement of image uniformity, image signal-to-noise ratio, geometric
      distortion, slice profile, width and position, spatial resolution, and T1 and T2
      precision and accuracy.

PMID- 3374294
TI  - Multi-center trial with protocols and prototype test objects for the assessment
      of MRI equipment. EEC Concerted Research Project.
AB  - A trial was carried out in which the protocols and prototype test objects
      developed under a European Economic Community concerted research project for the
      assessment of MR imaging equipment were tested in a series of commercial imaging
      systems situated throughout Europe. In general, many imperfections were
      discovered in the imaging performance of the scanners and, in particular, the
      accuracy and precision with which the relaxation times T1 and T2 could be
      measured from the images were found to be rather disappointing.

PMID- 3374295
TI  - Preparation of agarose gels as reference substances for NMR relaxation time
      measurement. EEC Concerted Action Program.
AB  - A standard method has been developed for the production of reference materials
      for NMR relaxation time measurement. These are based on agarose gels doped with
      gadolinium. The reproducibility and temporal stability of the gels have been
      found to be excellent. Electron microscope studies have shown good homogeneity.
      The relaxation behavior of such gels has been mathematically modeled with good
      agreement with experiment.

PMID- 3374296
TI  - Sampling time effects on signal to noise and contrast to noise ratio and spin
      echo MRI.

PMID- 3374298
TI  - [Theoretical limits to the efficacy of radiotherapy].
AB  - The upper bound for expected cancer treatment efficacy expressed as the
      difference between weighted survival probabilities for normal and neoplastic
      cells has been obtained. The maximum value of this difference has been recorded
      in a fixed deviation of distributions of normal and neoplastic cell
      radiosensitivity.

PMID- 3374297
TI  - [Thermoradiotherapy of rectal cancer].
AB  - Methods of combined and multimodality therapy are widely used for the treatment
      of malignant rectal tumors. However radical operation cannot be performed in 50%
      of patients, in some cases patients refuse surgery. In such cases patients are
      given a split course of radiation therapy using local heating of a tumor and a
      method of daily dose fractionation. Altogether 58 patients with stage T2-4N0-1M0
      1 were treated by this method: 38 received thermoradiotherapy, 20 were controls.
      At the 1st stage the summary focal dose (SFD) was 40 Gy, temperature in a tumor
      was 42-44 degrees C, interval 3-4 weeks. At the 2nd stage radiotherapy was given
      with daily dose fractionation (1 + 1.5 Gy at 4-5- h interval), the SFD was 35-40
      Gy. The SFD over the entire therapeutic course was 75-80 Gy. Radiation rectitis
      in thermoradiotherapy was more frequent and severe. Complete tumor regression was
      observed in 7 (18.4%) patients, marked regression--in 24 (63.2%) patients,
      insignificant regression--in 5 (13.1%); 2 patients (5.3%) were treated without
      any effect. 29 (76.3%) patients lived over 2 yrs., 6 (25.8%) patients died of
      tumor progression.

PMID- 3374299
TI  - [Effect of artificial hyperglycemia and resection of the primary site on
      metastases of RL-67 carcinoma].
AB  - In the experiments on the C57Bl mice the authors studied the effect of artificial
      hyperglycemia (AH), amputation of the extremities with tumors as well as
      combinations of these effects on the intensity of metastatic spreading of
      carcinoma RL-67 to the lungs. AH did not prove to intensify the process of
      metastasizing if it was conducted on the 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11th days. The average
      number of metastases did not differ from that in the control group. AH which was
      conducted one day before amputation of the extremity with the tumor caused a more
      significant inhibition of metastasizing than a surgical intervention.

PMID- 3374300
TI  - [Blood flow in normal and tumor tissue during hyperthermia].
AB  - The authors reported the results of measurements of the blood flow in
      subcutaneous fat and 3 types of tumors (sarcoma 37, Lewis carcinoma, melanoma
      B16) by a thermoelectric method during local hyperthermia of mouse limbs. In the
      first minutes of exposure the blood flow rate increased reaching a plateau in 25
      35 min. Changes in the blood flow grew with raising the temperature of heating,
      and they were more noticeable for normal tissues than for tumorous ones. The
      blood flow enhancement varied in different tumors: the highest in sarcoma 37, and
      the lowest in melanoma B16. In some tumors after prolonged heating (over 30 min.)
      and at high temperature (44 degrees C) a maximum increase in the blood flow was
      followed by its weakening.

PMID- 3374302
TI  - [Determination of the limits of the norm for concentrations of physiologically
      active substances in the blood during population radioimmunologic studies].
AB  - A new mathematical model is proposed for the determination of normal bounds for
      concentrations of physiologically active blood substances in population-based
      radioimmunoassays. A theoretical density curve well accorded with empirical
      distributions, was obtained.

PMID- 3374301
TI  - [Method of radionuclide determination of the right ventricular ejection
      fraction].
AB  - The authors developed a method of evaluation of the right ventricular (RV)
      ejection fraction based on the use of the left oblique projection for
      visualization of the right ventricle, separation of the RV contour into the
      systole and diastole, and subtraction of the surrounding tissue background
      calculated by a distance-dependent method. The proposed algorithm was shown to be
      versatile in evaluation of the background for RV and LV investigations. The
      results of determination of the RV ejection fraction in patients with chronic
      pulmonary hypertension of III-IV degree were suggestive of a significant decrease
      in RV contractility of these patients as compared to controls.

PMID- 3374303
TI  - [Radionuclide visualization of the superior rectal and inferior mesenteric lymph
      nodes in rectal cancer].
AB  - Scintigraphic image of the superior rectal and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes 7
      8 cm up from the anus was obtained by presacral administration of finely divided
      99mTc-colloid (close to the posterior rectal wall). The results of radiometry of
      the lymph nodes dissected at radical operation for rectal cancer have shown that
      due to the above method the radioactive indicator is accumulated in these groups
      of lymph nodes. Several variants of a scintigraphic picture were defined on the
      basis of analysis of scintigrams of 23 patients with extrarectal tumors and
      nontumorous diseases and 40 rectal cancer patients. Evaluation of the
      lymphoscintigraphy results compared with the morphological findings of the lymph
      nodes dissected at operation in 32 rectal cancer patients, has shown that the
      overall accuracy of the above method is 0.81, specificity--0.63, sensitivity-
      1.0.

PMID- 3374305
TI  - [Intraosseous metastasis of malignant tumors (microangiographic study)].
AB  - The vascular factor in intraosseous metastasizing of malignant tumors has been
      studied insufficiently. The present study consisted in intravital
      microangiography of random bred albino rats after intraosseous implantation of
      sarcoma-45. Tumor development resulted in destructive changes in the zone of
      implantation and then in metastasis to the proximal metaphysis of a bone.
      Intraosseous tumor cell transfer was noted in the venous blood stream; tumor
      development beyond the bone occurred in the haversian and Volkmann's canals. It
      has been established that local readjustment of the blood vessels and three-zonal
      rearrangement of the blood circulation in the zone of implantation play a major
      role in the mechanism of intraosseous metastasis of malignant tumors.

PMID- 3374304
TI  - [Conservative treatment of breast cancer].
AB  - The paper is concerned with clinical characterization of 81 breast cancer
      patients after conservative radio- and hormonotherapy. Of the total number of
      patients 47 suffered from inoperable tumors as a result of local spreading, 30
      patients had serious contraindications for the operation, and 4 patients refused
      surgical intervention. Of the total number of patients 85% were aged over 50, 69%
      -over 60.41%--over 70, and 4 patients--over 80. The results of radiotherapy after
      a radical program and administration of antiestrogens (tamoxifen, zitosonium)
      were evaluated in 71 patients: in 42 tumors were undetectable, in 16 they were
      reduced by more than 50% of their primary size. An analysis of short-term results
      during 1-year follow-up showed that of 50 patients complete remission was
      observed in 24, stabilization of a tumor process was achieved in 8. The results
      should be regarded as promising with relation to the patients' age, status, tumor
      spreading, and concomitant diseases.

PMID- 3374306
TI  - [Biological action of 239Pu during intake by inhalation and complexon therapy
      with Zn or Ca DTPA under experimental conditions].
AB  - The authors described the effect of substantial amounts of plutonium nitrate
      administered to rats by inhalation in the presence of Zn- or CaDTPA-complexon
      therapy for 2 months. A 2-fold decrease of absorbed doses in the lung, a 3-fold
      decrease in the skeleton and a 4-fold decrease in the liver were shown. The mean
      life of the treated animals was considerably raised. A significant reduction of
      the frequency of development of severe pneumosclerosis and an increase in the
      frequency of lung tumor development were noted. In view of the above, complexon
      therapy should be necessarily recommended during inhalation of radionuclides in
      substantial amounts.

PMID- 3374307
TI  - [Method of calculating the volume distribution of absorbed doses in dosimetric
      planning of radiotherapy].

PMID- 3374308
TI  - [Renography using a profile scanner].

PMID- 3374309
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of treatment of lung cancer based on different rates
      of tumor growth].
AB  - The authors made a retrospective comparative analysis of the results of treatment
      of 336 lung cancer patients using surgical, radiation and drug techniques taking
      into account the rate of tumor growth. Differences were observed both in the
      frequency and terms of survival rates in surgical treatment and markedness of
      regressive changes in conservative methods of treatment.

PMID- 3374310
TI  - Poetry recitation with persons who are mentally retarded.

PMID- 3374311
TI  - Expanding horizons in services to persons with developmental disabilities.

PMID- 3374312
TI  - Common assets of mentally retarded people that are commonly not acknowledged.

PMID- 3374313
TI  - All people have personal assets.

PMID- 3374314
TI  - Parental perceptions of physicians' communication in the informing process.

PMID- 3374315
TI  - Independent living arrangements for individuals with mental retardation: the
      landlords' perspective.

PMID- 3374316
TI  - Respite care--who uses it?

PMID- 3374317
TI  - Prader-Willi syndrome in two institutionalized older adults.

PMID- 3374318
TI  - HLA association in Singapore children with Grave's disease.
AB  - HLA associations in patients with Grave's disease are B8 in whites and BW35 in
      Japanese. This study shows the HLA association of Singapore Chinese children with
      Grave's disease. Forty unrelated Chinese children with Grave's disease were
      typed. The control population consisted of 238 consecutive unrelated normal
      Chinese individuals. Patients with Grave's disease showed a significantly higher
      frequency of BW46 than control subjects (corrected P = .0005, relative risk (RR)
      = 4.61). Only two patients had BW35 and none had B8. There was an increased
      frequency of both homozygotes and heterozygotes in thyrotoxic patients compared
      with controls, the RR being slightly higher in the homozygotes. Among the
      patients, BW46 was most frequently associated with B40, B13, and B15. The joint
      occurrence of BW46/B40 in thyrotoxic children had a lower relative risk than BW46
      alone, whereas the joint occurrence of BW46/B13 had a higher relative risk than
      BW46 alone.

PMID- 3374319
TI  - Role of glucocorticoids in regulating interorgan glutamine flow during chronic
      metabolic acidosis.
AB  - The role of glucocorticoids in external glutamine mobilization and renal
      utilization was evaluated in three groups of chronically acidotic rats: sham
      treated controls, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized supplemented with
      triamcinolone. Chronic acidosis was induced by administering NH4Cl in their
      drinking solution over a three-day period. Adrenalectomized rats were
      supplemented by triamcinolone at a dose of 40 micrograms/100 g/d administered by
      pellet implantation. Interorgan glutamine flow was evaluated in the
      postabsorptive state by monitoring net balances across the hindquarters, gut,
      liver, and kidneys. In the adrenal-intact group, acidosis increased the flow of
      glutamine from the hindquarters to the kidneys; splanchnic bed uptake, the major
      glutamine sink in nonacidosis, was eliminated by virtue of hepatic reversal from
      net uptake to release. Adrenalectomy, in the absence of an exogenous acid load,
      reversed the flow of glutamine with the kidneys releasing and the hindquarters
      removing glutamine. Acid loading restored hindquarter glutamine release to levels
      seen in the intact chronically acidotic animals; however, renal extraction is
      much less than that exhibited by the intact animals. As a consequence, arterial
      glutamine concentration rose with the overflow removed by the splanchnic bed, the
      major glutamine sink in adrenalectomized acidotic rats. Supplementing
      adrenalectomized acidotic rats with triamcinolone restored glutamine extraction
      to values seen in intact acidotic rats. Despite the renal extraction, the large
      hindquarter glutamine release led to hepatic uptake and a high rate of
      ureagenesis. Glucocorticoids, the release of which is enhanced in metabolic
      acidosis, appear essential for renal glutamine extraction while playing a lesser
      role in modulating hindquarter glutamine release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3374320
TI  - Carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in muscle and in the whole body after
      mixed meal ingestion.
AB  - The effect of ingesting a meal containing 3,275 kJ (47.3% carbohydrate, two
      thirds of which was in the form of simple sugars, 39.4% fat, and 13.2% protein)
      on the oxidation of carbohydrate fat and protein (or amino acids) was assessed by
      indirect calorimetry and measurement of the rate of excretion of nitrogenous end
      products in urine and changes in the plasma urea concentration. Simultaneously,
      an assessment was made of substrate metabolism in forearm muscle by measuring
      forearm blood flow and concentration of metabolites in arterialized and deep
      venous blood. The mean resting energy expenditure during the first four hours
      after food ingestion was 15% higher than in the preprandial period (P less than
      .01). The extra energy dissipated during this time is equivalent to 5.3% of the
      energy provided in the meal. Carbohydrate oxidation increased by 111% (P less
      than .01), protein oxidation increased by 40% (P less than .05), and fat
      oxidation decreased by 21% (P less than .05). The concentration of glucose and
      amino acids and their uptake by muscle increased after food ingestion, while the
      reverse occurred with nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). In the early postprandial
      period there was a marked suppression in the uptake of NEFA by muscle and a
      tendency toward decreased rather than increased release of glycolytic products
      (lactate + pyruvate + alanine), despite an up to sevenfold increase in the uptake
      of glucose. Fructose, which accounted for about 30% of the carbohydrate in the
      diet, was not taken up by muscle to any significant extent. It is estimated that
      during the first four hours after the meal muscle accounted for the uptake of 20%
      to 25% of the carbohydrate provided in the meal. This was associated with a small
      and nonsignificant change in the oxygen uptake by muscle. The data suggest that:
      (1) the increased uptake of glucose by muscle in the postprandial period does not
      necessarily increase the release of glycolytic products or increase the activity
      of the glucose-alanine and Cori cycles between muscle and liver; (2) triglyceride
      may become a more important energy source for muscle than circulating NEFA,
      especially in the early postprandial period; (3) muscle is not a major site of
      dietary-induced thermogenesis (zero to four hours); and (4) it is likely that
      nonmuscular tissues took up more carbohydrate (including fructose) than skeletal
      muscle during the first four hours after ingestion of this meal (even if it is
      assumed that as little as 50% of the dietary carbohydrate had been absorbed by
      four hours).

PMID- 3374322
TI  - Source of the urinary maltose and maltotriose excreted during intravenous
      infusion of oligosaccharide solutions in young pigs.
AB  - Pigs infused with preparations of glucose oligosaccharides excrete sizeable
      quantities of maltose in urine despite the absence of maltose in the infused
      solution. Maltose infused without other oligosaccharides is well utilized. Our
      studies examined possible sources of excreted maltose. We first examined whether
      simultaneous infusion of larger oligosaccharides with maltose inhibits maltose
      utilization. Four young pigs were infused for four days with 20 g/d of a maltose
      free oligosaccharide preparation to which tracer quantities of U-14C-maltose were
      added. Urinary excretion of maltose-plus-maltotriose increased significantly (P
      less than .05) from a mean +/- SD baseline value of .01 +/- .01 g/d to an overall
      four-day mean value of 1.33 +/- 0.47 g/d. However, only 10.7 +/- 0.78% of infused
      14C-maltose was excreted, indicating that simultaneous infusion of larger
      oligosaccharides did not inhibit maltose utilization. The second study examined
      whether maltotriose present in the oligosaccharide mixture was the source of
      excreted maltose. Four young pigs were infused for three days with 20 g/d of a
      special preparation of oligosaccharides containing only trace quantities of
      maltose and maltotriose. Urinary maltose plus maltotriose excretion increased
      significantly (P less than .05) from a mean +/- SD baseline value of .01 +/- .01
      g/d to 1.65 +/- 0.41 g/d during oligosaccharide infusion. The data suggest that
      excreted maltose and maltotriose arise from the catabolism of larger
      oligosaccharides.

PMID- 3374321
TI  - The purine nucleotide cycle as two temporally separated metabolic units: a study
      on trout muscle.
AB  - Experimental results on fast-twitch muscle of rainbow trout following exercise
      and during subsequent recovery lead us to a reinterpretation for the function of
      the components of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC). Exhaustive exercise depletes
      tissue ATP by more than 90% and results in a stoichiometric gain in IMP and
      ammonium ions. Simultaneously, white-muscle aspartate decreases by half, but its
      maximum contribution can account for less than 2% of the accumulated ammonium. Of
      the three enzymes of the purine nucleotide cycle, AMP deaminase, adenylosuccinate
      synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase, only AMP deaminase is functional during
      exhaustive exercise. During the slow (greater than 15 hour) recovery, AMP
      deaminase is effectively shut off, while the other two enzymes replenish the
      adenylate pool. At all times, a tight inverse correlation exists between ATP and
      IMP concentrations. Tissue ammonium and malate supply the required aspartate.
      Theoretical treatment with special attention to proton dynamics in a potentially
      anaerobic tissue also leads to the conclusion that rather than constituting a
      true cycle, distinct parts of the PNC are temporally segregated. We hypothesize
      that during periods of high energy demand, exclusively AMP deaminase is activated
      as a means (1) to push the myokinase reaction toward ATP synthesis, (2) to supply
      allosteric effectors, and (3) to remove some of the accumulating protons through
      the formation of ammonium, all at the expense of the adenylate pool. The process
      leading to its replenishment, which involves the production of two protons and
      the consumption of a high-energy phosphate, can be active during aerobic recovery
      only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374323
TI  - Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in endurance athletes is related to
      enhanced plasma triglyceride clearance.
AB  - We compared the clearance rate (K2) of plasma triglycerides (TG) following the
      intravenous (IV) infusion of a fat emulsion in 13 male endurance athletes (age 33
      +/- 5.6 years, mean +/- SD) and 12 sedentary men (33 +/- 5.6 years). The athletes
      had lower fasting triglycerides (TG) (75 +/- 30.4 mg/dL v 125 +/- 52.5 mg/dL) and
      higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (64 +/- 16.2
      mg/dL v 42 +/- 9.4 mg/dL) than the sedentary subjects (P less than .01 for all).
      The higher HDL concentrations were due to increases in both the HDL2 and HDL3
      subfractions. K2 in the athletes was 92% higher than that in the sedentary men
      (4.8 +/- 2.3%/min v 2.5 +/- 0.7%/min, P less than .01), but there was no
      difference in postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) between the groups
      (P greater than .05). K2 was positively correlated with LPLA (r = .51) and
      inversely related to fasting TG concentrations (r = -.73, P less than .01 for
      both). Furthermore, K2 was directly related to HDL (r = .75), HDL2 (r = .72), and
      HDL3 (r = .60) cholesterol concentrations (P less than .01 for all). These data
      suggest that the low TG levels in endurance athletes result at least in part from
      increased TG removal and that the elevated HDL concentrations of endurance
      athletes are related to enhanced fat clearance.

PMID- 3374324
TI  - Weight loss in massive obesity: reciprocal changes in plasma HDL cholesterol and
      HDL binding to human adipocyte plasma membranes.
AB  - Human obesity is frequently associated with elevated plasma triglyceride and
      cholesterol concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL)
      cholesterol, abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with weight
      loss. This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with
      the changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations in massively obese patients
      after weight loss. Ten massively obese patients (two men and eight women, age =
      37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of weight loss
      and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total cholesterol and low
      density lipoprotein cholesterol were within the normal range for sex and age
      before weight loss and did not change significantly during or after weight
      reduction. In the females, HDL cholesterol concentrations increased from 0.96 +/-
      0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with
      weight reduction. In the two men, plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations were,
      respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after weight
      loss. Specific binding of 125I-HDL2 and 125I-HDL3 to purified plasma membranes
      was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after weight loss
      in six of the ten obese patients. An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I-HDL2
      and 125I-HDL3 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after weight loss.
      Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was
      observed between plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations before
      weight loss but not after weight loss (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374325
TI  - Rate of whole-body protein synthesis in the rat as calculated from fractional
      oxidation of leucine, valine, or methionine.
AB  - In the steady state, the ratio of the rate of utilization for whole-body protein
      synthesis of any essential amino acid to its rate of oxidation should be the same
      as the ratio of the peak fraction of a dose of tracer incorporated into protein
      (F) to the fraction oxidized (1-F) provided that negligible tracer remains in the
      free amino acid pool or remains unabsorbed in the gut. The total rate of amino
      acid catabolism (C) can be estimated from the rate of urinary excretion of urea
      nitrogen (N) plus ammonia N. Hence the rate of whole-body protein synthesis (S)
      can be estimated as CF/(1-F). This method, which is not new, was explored as
      follows: (1) Radioactivity in the leucine of whole-body protein of rats after
      intravenous (IV) injection of labeled leucine was shown to plateau from three to
      nine hours. (2) The fractions of labeled leucine, valine, and methionine
      remaining in the gut six hours after enteral injection were 1.2 +/- 0.4% (SD),
      1.2 +/- 0.4%, and 7.1 +/- 2.9%, respectively; thus, enterally administered
      methionine cannot be used for this purpose. (3) Oxidation of [1-14C]-labeled
      leucine or valine, measured from 14CO2 excretion, was found to be the same
      whether these isotopes were given IV or enterally. (4) Negligible radioactivity
      remained in the free leucine of plasma within one hour after injection of labeled
      leucine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374326
TI  - Regulation of lipoprotein lipase in different rat tissues.
AB  - In rats maintained on a fat-free diet, hepatic production of very low density
      lipoprotein (VLDL) fell by only 18% after 20 hours of fasting (as judged by rates
      of triglyceride accumulation in plasma following administration of Triton
      WR1339). Infusion of heparin into fed rats caused a rapid accumulation in plasma
      of two distinct lipase activities in approximately equal amounts: heparin
      releasable lipoprotein lipase (HR-LPL) and heparin releasable triglyceride lipase
      (HR-TGL). Fasting reduced the former by 67%, but the latter by only 20 to 25%. To
      gain insight into the effects of nutritional status on the interorgan
      distribution of these enzymes, experiments were designed for the perfusion of
      liver and heart by standard procedures, and of epididymis, gastrocnemius muscle
      (red fiber), and psoas muscle (white fiber) by micro techniques. After addition
      of heparin, perfusates were analyzed for each species of lipase. The objective
      was to selectively monitor the capillary-bound, physiologically functional lipase
      without significant contamination by intracellular enzyme. HR-TGL was found only
      in liver, where it represented the major lipase activity; it was only minimally
      affected by fasting. In epididymis HR-LPL fell by 85% in fasted animals and,
      remarkably, rebounded almost to ad libitum fed values after only two hours of
      refeeding. In both heart and gastrocnemius muscle, directional changes in HR-LPL
      were exactly reciprocal to those seen in epididymis. By contrast, HR-LPL of psoas
      muscle was unresponsive to fasting. Qualitatively, the data were in keeping with
      documented nutritionally-induced shifts in tissue disposal of VLDL
      triglycerides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374328
TI  - Immobilized enzymes and cells. Part D.

PMID- 3374327
TI  - Glucose, glutamine, and ketone-body metabolism in human enterocytes.
AB  - Suspensions of metabolically viable human small-intestinal epithelial cells
      (enterocytes) were used to assess the metabolism of substrate(s) normally derived
      from the blood circulation to the intestinal mucosa (glucose, glutamine, and
      ketone bodies). Glutamine, glutamate, and glucose were the only substrates that
      caused major increases in oxygen consumption by isolated human enterocytes. In
      human enterocytes 72% of glucose could be accounted for as lactate. Human
      enterocytes utilized glutamine at about 14.90 mumol/min/g dry wt, with glutamate,
      alanine, aspartate, and ammonia as the major end-products. Human enterocytes
      utilized 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at similar rates. Under the
      experimental condition employed, the respiratory fuels of human enterocytes
      include glutamine, glucose, and to a lesser extent, ketone bodies as indicated in
      the proportion of oxygen consumption attributed to these fuels and to the extent
      of utilization.

PMID- 3374329
TI  - Immobilized flavin coenzyme electrodes for analytical applications.

PMID- 3374330
TI  - Hybrid biosensors for clinical analysis and fermentation control.

PMID- 3374331
TI  - Bioselective membrane electrodes using tissue materials as biocatalysts.

PMID- 3374332
TI  - Enzyme electrode probes.

PMID- 3374333
TI  - Organelle electrodes.

PMID- 3374334
TI  - Continuous-flow assays with nylon tube-immobilized bioluminescent enzymes.

PMID- 3374335
TI  - Flow-injection analysis with immobilized chemiluminescent and bioluminescent
      columns.

PMID- 3374336
TI  - Flow enthalpimetric determination of glucose.

PMID- 3374337
TI  - Use of hydrogen- and ammonia-sensitive semiconductor structures in analytical
      biochemistry: enzyme transistors.

PMID- 3374338
TI  - Enzymatically sensitive field effect transistors.

PMID- 3374339
TI  - Microenzyme sensors.

PMID- 3374341
TI  - Use of immobilized enzyme reactors in flow-injection analysis.

PMID- 3374340
TI  - Use of immobilized enzyme column reactors in clinical analysis.

PMID- 3374342
TI  - Routine analysis with immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactors.
AB  - The basic strategy involved in the design, development, and application of
      immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactors for routine analysis is described in this
      chapter, touching on some of the attractive features of these methods. Extensive
      data (Tables I and II) and the references provide details which may be needed
      based on specific methods.

PMID- 3374343
TI  - Coupled enzyme reactions in enzyme electrodes using sequence, amplification,
      competition, and antiinterference principles.

PMID- 3374344
TI  - Analytical applications with emphasis on biosensors. Introduction.

PMID- 3374345
TI  - Needle-type glucose sensor.

PMID- 3374346
TI  - Surface-oriented optical methods for biomedical analysis.

PMID- 3374347
TI  - Surface immobilization techniques in combination with ellipsometry.

PMID- 3374348
TI  - Coupling of biomolecules to silicon surfaces for use in ellipsometry and other
      related techniques.

PMID- 3374349
TI  - Construction of dry reagent chemistries: use of reagent immobilization and
      compartmentalization techniques.
AB  - The development of dry reagent systems has provided convenience to the user as
      well as devices that are more versatile and suitable for a variety of analyses.
      Most dry reagent chemistries are usually less than 7 cm2 by 300 micron thick
      packaged as discrete test devices. This reduces spoilage of unused reagents.
      Sample volumes needed for analysis are usually in the range of 3-30 microliter,
      with 10 microliter most commonly used. The use of such small volumes makes these
      devices suitable for neonatal and geriatric patients where large sample volumes
      are not often available. Hence, 150 microliter of serum (approximately 300
      microliter blood) is sufficient for at least 15 different analyses on a sample.
      Dry reagent chemistries are easy to store, readily available for use, and
      disposable. Only application of a sample is needed to start an analysis.

PMID- 3374350
TI  - Mass spectrometry combined with immobilized cells and enzymes.

PMID- 3374351
TI  - Industrial applications of enzyme electrodes including instrumentation.

PMID- 3374352
TI  - Medical applications of immobilized proteins, enzymes, and cells.

PMID- 3374353
TI  - Extracorporeal systems for adsorption of antibodies in hemophilia A and B.

PMID- 3374354
TI  - Low density lipoprotein-pheresis: selective immunoadsorption of plasma
      lipoproteins from patients with premature atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3374355
TI  - Enzyme reactors for the removal of amino acids from plasma.

PMID- 3374356
TI  - Preparation of protein A immobilized on collodion-coated charcoal and plasma
      perfusion system for treatment of cancer.

PMID- 3374357
TI  - Immobilized heparin lyase system for blood deheparinization.

PMID- 3374358
TI  - Application of immobilized enzymes for biomaterials used in surgery.

PMID- 3374360
TI  - Stabilization of enzymes by intramolecular cross-linking using bifunctional
      reagents.

PMID- 3374359
TI  - Enzyme stabilization by immobilization.

PMID- 3374361
TI  - Permeabilized and immobilized cells.

PMID- 3374362
TI  - Affinity immobilization.

PMID- 3374363
TI  - Long-term implantation of voltammetric oxidase/peroxide glucose sensors in the
      rat peritoneum.
AB  - Methods for designing, fabricating, testing in vitro and in vivo, and improving
      chronically implantable oxidase/peroxide-type polarographic glucose sensors are
      described. Voltammetric means to evaluate oxygen supply to the sensor and to
      measure the nearby microcirculation with hydrogen washout techniques using the
      implanted glucose sensor are outlined. Because some peritoneally implanted
      sensors have, perhaps surprisingly, remained functional for months, such devices
      may prove with further development to be useful as the sensing components in
      artificial pancreatic beta cells for the control of diabetes.

PMID- 3374364
TI  - Amperometric biosensors based on mediator-modified electrodes.

PMID- 3374365
TI  - Metallobiochemistry. Part A.

PMID- 3374366
TI  - Use of chelating agents to inhibit enzymes.

PMID- 3374367
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3374368
TI  - Metal-free dialysis tubing.

PMID- 3374369
TI  - Multielement atomic absorption methods of analysis.

PMID- 3374370
TI  - Metal-free chromatographic media.
AB  - The three major considerations in reducing metal-gel binding are (1) the type of
      gel to be used, (2) the ionic strength of the eluent, and (3) alkaline reduction
      of the gel. Each of these parameters should be considered in advance of an
      experiment. A method is offered for determining the optimal gel type, gel
      treatment, and eluent for a critical metal-free chromatography experiment.

PMID- 3374371
TI  - Ion microscopy in biology and medicine.

PMID- 3374372
TI  - Flame atomic emission spectrometry.

PMID- 3374373
TI  - Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry.

PMID- 3374374
TI  - Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3374375
TI  - Preparation of metal-free enzymes.

PMID- 3374377
TI  - Electrochemical methods of analysis.

PMID- 3374376
TI  - Atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

PMID- 3374378
TI  - Neutron activation analysis.

PMID- 3374379
TI  - Aluminum.

PMID- 3374380
TI  - Preparation of metal-free water.

PMID- 3374381
TI  - Measurement of total calcium in biological fluids: flame atomic absorption
      spectrometry.
AB  - The measurement of total calcium (CaT) in biological fluids by flame atomic
      absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) is one of the more accurate yet practical methods
      available today. With attention to details at every analytical step, the
      imprecision of FAAS outlined above can be as low as +/- 0.01 mmol/liter at the
      2.65 mmol/liter upper reference level of CaT found in the serum of healthy young
      adults (a CV of 0.4%). The accuracy of FAAS as judged by measurements of NBS/SRM
      #909, a lyophilized serum material carrying CaT values assigned by isotope
      dilution mass spectrometry, can be within +/- 1% (recovery of 99-101%) or less in
      skilled hands. As our brief section on application suggests, FAAS methods for CaT
      can be adopted to provide rapid and accurate results in many different biological
      fluids and tissues.

PMID- 3374382
TI  - Measurement of ionized calcium in biological fluids: ion-selective electrode
      method.
AB  - There is now a consensus that Ca2+ measurements are more physiologically and
      clinically meaningful than CaT measurements. Ca2+ in serum, plasma, whole blood,
      and other biological fluids can be measured by direct potentiometry with ion
      selective electrodes and a number of reliable instruments are commercially
      available for this measurement. Several factors affect the Ca2+ concentration and
      must be carefully controlled for the results to be meaningful. The most important
      of these considerations are the anaerobicity of the sample, the need to
      concurrently measure pH, and the concentration of heparin, if whole blood or
      plasma samples are used. The calibration of the Ca2+ ISE is critical to the
      accuracy of the measurement. The matrix of the calibrator should match that of
      the sample as closely as possible, particularly in regard to ionic strength and
      liquid junction potential. The measurement of Ca2+ in urine is complicated by the
      wide variation in ionic strength encountered in this type of sample; thus, it is
      more meaningful to standardize the ISE in terms of Ca2+ activity instead of
      concentration. Instrumentally, the measure of copper in biological samples can be
      achieved with high accuracy, high precision, without background correction, and
      with minimum sample pretreatment if care is taken to carefully plan and implement
      all the critical steps in the analysis procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3374383
TI  - Metal-buffered systems.
AB  - The design of a metal ion buffer system useful in a given enzymological
      application is subject to a number of different requirements. 1. The total
      concentration of added metal ion, Mt, should be large enough to damp out the
      effect of any adventitious quantities of the same metal ion and to overwhelm
      adventitious quantities of other metal ions. 2. The ratio of free to bound ligand
      should be high enough that the calculated ratio between the concentrations of
      free metal ion M and Mt will not be unduly sensitive to uncertainties in the
      values of metal-ligand stability constants. If possible, [Lt]/[Mt] should be
      large enough that the variation of free metal ion concentration, [M], with [Mt]
      will be effectively linear in the range of interest. 3. The concentrations of
      metal ion buffer species, both the free ligand and metal-ligand complexes, should
      be kept reasonably low in order to minimize the possibility of perturbation of
      the enzyme/metal ion equilibrium. The best design will be that which most
      successfully balances these sometimes opposing requirements.

PMID- 3374384
TI  - Chromium.

PMID- 3374385
TI  - Determination of cobalt by atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3374386
TI  - Measurement of copper in biological samples by flame or electrothermal atomic
      absorption spectrometry.
AB  - Guidelines presented here allow for copper analysis of biological materials by
      methods that are very sensitive, that require little sample preparation, that
      have few chemical or spectral interferences, that are inexpensive, and that
      require only usual care in contamination control. The commercial instruments for
      FAAS and ETAAS from Perkin-Elmer, from Varian, and from Instrumentation
      Laboratories Inc. (Allied Analytical Systems) all work well in either the flame
      or the flameless mode. Background correction techniques are not essential for
      copper analysis if care is taken with the sample preparation to minimize the
      background signals. Different types of burners will work adequately if one makes
      certain that the viscosity of the sample and the control products are similar to
      the calibration standards. Further, dilution of samples is preferred over
      increasing the viscosity of the calibration standards by the addition of a
      protein containing solution or a substance such as glycerol. A 1:10 dilution of
      blood plasma or serum with dilute nitric acid or water is all that is necessary
      for copper analysis by the FFAS methods. Cation and anion effects should be
      tested by bracketing the concentrations of the ions found in the sample with
      known amounts of ions in the sample solutions. Increasing the concentrations of
      the ions thought to interfere while keeping the copper concentration constant is
      another way to test for ion interferences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374387
TI  - Rapid colorimetric micromethod for the quantitation of complexed iron in
      biological samples.

PMID- 3374388
TI  - Atomic absorption spectrometry of magnesium.

PMID- 3374390
TI  - Nickel analysis by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3374389
TI  - Molybdenum.

PMID- 3374391
TI  - Determination of selenium in biological matrices.
AB  - The definitive IDMS method has the advantage of good detection limits and
      precision. The advent of the new, smaller, easy-to-use GC/MS system should make
      this method more popular. The fluorometric method remains the method of choice
      for the determination of selenium in many matrices if the limitations of the
      method are understood. The newer methods include gas chromatography, HG-AAS, and
      GFAAS. The gas chromatography methods show promise because of the relatively
      simple instrumentation needed and the fact that the analyte is separated from the
      matrix. HG-AAS offers good sensitivity provided care is taken to ensure complete
      sample digestion and conversion of selenium to selenite. The advent of Zeeman
      background correction systems for GFAAS has greatly facilitated selenium
      determinations, particularly in biological matrices where iron and phosphorus are
      also present. The reference materials now available, used as part of a quality
      assurance program, should help to ensure accurate determinations, permit method
      validation, and allow performance evaluation in interlaboratory trials.

PMID- 3374392
TI  - Determination of zinc in biological samples by atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3374393
TI  - Standards for metal analysis.

PMID- 3374394
TI  - Elimination of adventitious metals.

PMID- 3374395
TI  - Methods for metal substitution.

PMID- 3374396
TI  - Introduction of exchange-inert metal ions into enzymes.

PMID- 3374397
TI  - Surface characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia.
AB  - Two major surface characteristics of Pseudomonas cepacia were examined in this
      study: reactivity with lectins and hydrophobicity. The results indicated that the
      surfaces of P. cepacia strains are heterogeneous with regard to the distribution
      of lectin receptors. Only lima bean agglutinin was found to strongly agglutinate
      all strains. The strains were also heterogeneous with regard to hydrophobicity as
      determined by adhesion to hexadecane. The degree of hydrophobicity, however, was
      not significantly altered when selected strains were mixed with either
      fibronectin or bovine serum albumin. In addition, the strains exhibited no
      apparent affinities for buccal epithelial cells and gave no evidence for an
      ability to haemagglutinate human red cells.

PMID- 3374398
TI  - Factors affecting the survival of Neisseria sicca.
AB  - Cultures of Neisseria sicca incubated at 37 degrees C died rapidly (within 36 h)
      after growth ceased. Re-suspending cells in a brain heart infusion broth and
      storing at 4 degrees C greatly reduced the rate of decline in viability (decimal
      reduction time 6 days). An important factor in maintaining viability was
      apparently the presence of external energy source(s). Survival comparable to that
      in broth was obtained by incubation in Ringer's solution with pyruvate plus
      glucose (but not with pyruvate or glucose alone). Medium pH had little effect on
      survival in the range pH 7.0 to 8.5. Energy sources also promoted survival of
      cells in Ringer's solution or a buffered salts solution at 37 degrees C. Highest
      levels of survival (up to 30% at 24 h) were obtained with pyruvate, lactate,
      proline and glutamate. A number of other amino acids and the tricarboxylic acid
      cycle intermediates, isocitrate, oxoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate and
      oxaloacetate, enhanced survival to a lesser extent.

PMID- 3374399
TI  - A valiant effort.

PMID- 3374400
TI  - Culham case not the first of its kind.

PMID- 3374401
TI  - Reporting child abuse. "Whistle blower protection" and physician responsibility.

PMID- 3374402
TI  - The nursing shortage--and some successful strategies being implemented in
      Michigan.

PMID- 3374403
TI  - Effects of panose on glucan synthesis and cellular adherence by Streptococcus
      mutans.
AB  - The effects of panose on glucan synthesis and sucrose-dependent cellular
      adherence by Streptococcus mutans were investigated. Panose effectively inhibited
      glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferases from S. mutans strain 6715,
      but increasing amounts of panose increased the release of fructose from sucrose
      by the enzymes. On the other hand, production of a series of oligosaccharides of
      increasing size by the enzymes was markedly enhanced in the presence of panose.
      These results indicate that panose activates the enzymes and that the inhibition
      of glucan synthesis by panose is due to the transfer of the glucosyl group of
      sucrose to panose. Sucrose-dependent adherence of cells of various S. mutans
      strains to a glass surface was also inhibited by panose.

PMID- 3374404
TI  - Inhibitory activity of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine on the salmonid
      herpesviruses, Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) and Herpesvirus salmonis.
AB  - The highly potent and selective anti-herpesvirus agent, (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)
      2'deoxyuridine (BVdU), was examined for its inhibitory effect on the salmonid
      herpesviruses Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) and Herpesvirus salmonis (H.
      salmonis). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BVdU for OMV and H.
      salmonis were 1.25 and 3.0 micrograms/ml, respectively; these values were equal
      to or higher than those obtained for acyclovir or cytarabine. OMV DNA polymerase
      activity was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion by BVdU 5'-triphosphate (BVdUTP)
      within the concentration range of 3 to 30 microM. However, BVdUTP could also be
      substituted for the natural substrate, TTP, in the OMV DNA polymerase assay. It
      is postulated that the inhibitory action of BVdU on the salmonid herpesviruses is
      more or less similar to that on other herpesviruses and resides with respect to
      the inhibition of the virus DNA polymerase activity as well as incorporation of
      BVdU into the viral DNA.

PMID- 3374405
TI  - Screening of bacteria with antiviral activity from fresh water salmonid
      hatcheries.
AB  - Bacteria isolated from two salmonid hatcheries were screened for antiviral
      activity against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) to ascertain the
      presence of bacteria with anti-IHNV activity in the aquatic environment. Out of
      710 bacterial isolates from the water and sediment samples, 190 strains showed
      anti-IHNV activities of more than 50% plaque reduction. These antiviral
      activities were detected predominantly in Pseudomonas, Aeromonas/Vibrio, and
      coryneforms. In one hatchery, the bacteria with antiviral activities were more
      prevalent in sediment samples than in water samples. Seventy-seven percent of the
      isolates with higher antiviral activities (greater than 90% plaque reduction)
      belonged to Pseudomonas.

PMID- 3374406
TI  - The immune system response to Campylobacter infection.
AB  - Campylobacter may be one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis
      (GE) in children. It has recently been suggested that it is one of the bacterial
      pathogens most likely to infect immune-compromised children, and it may
      facilitate colonization of enteric pathogens. The immune system response was
      studied in 12 children with Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni (CBJ)
      infections. Serum concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG were analyzed using a
      Beckman auto-analyzer. Sera specific Ab to CBJ were tested with CBJ specific
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes was
      performed to three lectins: Con A, PWM, and PHA. The lymphocyte blast
      transformation to Campylobacter was studied using the Campylobacter antigen. T
      cell subsets were studied using the monoclonal antibodies Leu 2, 3, and 4 (Becton
      Dickinson). Chemotaxis was measured in modified Boyden chambers; chemotactic
      stimulants were the Formyl Met Leu Phe, Campylobacter antigen virion, and E. coli
      0111 B. Immunoglobulins were normal in nine cases and abnormal in two children
      previously diagnosed as agammaglobulinemic and one diagnosed as
      hypoagammaglobulinemic. Specific serum Ab level was significantly higher in the
      CBJ group, except in the agammaglobulinemic group. Stimulation indices to
      mitogens and monoclonal subset were in the normal range. The blastogenic
      transformation to CBJ Ag was decreased compared to normal lectins, and positive
      and high compared to controls. The chemotactic activity to campylobacter Ag was
      decreased in comparison to other stimulants. Most CBJ infections are self
      limiting due to a normal immune response and collaboration of all cellular limbs.
      When, however, the immune response is disturbed, we may find a prolonged and
      complicated course of CBJ.

PMID- 3374407
TI  - Pathogenesis of lupus dermatoses in autoimmune mice. X. Evaluation of histamine-N
      methyltransferase activity in the skin of autoimmune.
AB  - We measured histamine concentration and its metabolizing enzymes in the skin of
      MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) and BXSB mice to clarify the contribution of histamine
      metabolism to the mechanisms of the development of lupus dermatoses. The
      concentration of histamine seemed to differ with the mouse strain. The activity
      of histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT), one of two major metabolizing enzymes,
      was significantly lower in the tail and back skin of MRL/l mice at the age of 5
      months than in the control MRL/Mp-+/+(MRL/n) mice, although there were no
      characteristic differences among several mouse strains of 1 mo of age. In the
      back skin of MRL/l mice, an age-dependent decrease of HMT activity was observed
      along with a corresponding decrease in histamine concentration, whereas an age
      dependent increase of both HMT activity and histamine concentration was
      demonstrated in BXSB mice and other control mouse strains. Autoimmune-prone male
      BXSB mice and non-autoimmune female BXSB mice at 5 mo of age showed similar HMT
      activity. Corticosteroid treatment restored HMT activity in the skin of MRL/l
      mice but not in MRL/n mice. In addition, the change in HMT activity in MRL/l mice
      treated with corticosteroid appeared earlier than changes in clinicopathological
      examinations including skin eruptions, dermatopathology and proteinuria. Diamine
      oxidase (DAO) activity, another major metabolizing enzyme, was not detected in
      the skin of any autoimmune or control mouse strains. These findings suggest that
      the low activity of HMT in the skin of MRL/l mice plays a significant
      pathological role in the development of spontaneous lupus-like eruption. In other
      mouse strains, it is assumed that HMT activity is regulated by genetic factors.

PMID- 3374408
TI  - Small-scale DNA preparation for rapid genetic identification of Campylobacter
      species without radioisotope.
AB  - A simplified and rapid genetic identification method for Campylobacter species
      without radioisotope was established. Three different amounts of DNA (200, 50,
      and 12.5 ng) extracted from each type strain of Campylobacter species with
      standard Marmur's procedure were spotted on a nitrocellulose filter. DNA obtained
      from one ml bacterial suspension at a concentration of McFarland standard
      turbidity No. 1 of Campylobacter fetus, C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. pylori
      isolates were sufficiently labeled with photo-biotin within 15 min and clearly
      hybridized with the type strain of the corresponding species within four to six
      hours. Hybridized spots were visualized with alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated
      streptavidin color-detection method. The reaction was usually stopped within 30
      min. Atypical clinical isolates such as a nitrate-negative C. jejuni, two
      nalidixic acid-resistant C. jejuni, and two strains of C. fetus able to grow at
      42 C, which were tentatively identified as such, were definitely identified by
      the simplified DNA hybridization method presented here. This method will be
      applicable routinely for the definite identification of atypical strains of
      Campylobacter species and other gram-negative bacteria difficult to identify
      biochemically.

PMID- 3374409
TI  - A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis B virus infection among barbers in
      Huangshi City, Hubei, China.
AB  - Between March and August 1986 in Huangshi City, serum samples were collected from
      316 apparently healthy barbers as a study group, as well as from 361 healthy
      employees of department stores as a control group. They were tested for hepatitis
      B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis
      B core antigen (anti-HBc) by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays. Barbers showed
      a prevalence higher than that in controls for HBsAg (16.8 vs. 9.2%, P less than
      0.01), anti-HBs (67.1 vs. 45.9%, P less than 0.001), and anti-HBc (39.2 vs.
      21.2%, P less than 0.001). The prevalence of at least one marker of hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) infection was significantly higher in barbers than in controls (86.1
      vs. 61.7%, P less than 0.001). Although the socioeconomic status and education
      level did not correlate with the frequency of HBV markers, the prevalence of
      HBsAg increased in parallel with the duration of practice. Because of their high
      risk for HBV infection, barbers need to be screened for markers of HBV infection
      on a routine basis, and are prime candidates for immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis
      B vaccine.

PMID- 3374410
TI  - The short-term stability of student ratings of instruction in medical school.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of consistency in student
      ratings of teacher effectiveness during the first year of medical school. Student
      ratings of teaching effectiveness represent a commonly used source of information
      that enters into the academic decision-making process. In medical school, student
      evaluations often represent a major source of information that is used in
      promotion and tenure decisions. It is essential that the precision of such
      ratings be ascertained so that decision-makers will know how much confidence to
      place in this source of information on teaching effectiveness. In this study,
      each member of a first-year medical school class was randomly assigned a two
      digit identification number at the beginning of the spring semester, 1986. As the
      semester progressed students were asked to evaluate each full-time teacher in
      three major courses. Multiple instructors were utilized in each course (n = 10).
      Each teacher was evaluated immediately after lectures during the first (T1) and
      second (T2) halves of the course. Students evaluated the teacher a third time
      (T3) as part of the end-of-semester overall course evaluation. The teachers were
      evaluated on a short eight-item Likert-type scale that identified several key
      indicators of effective teaching. Students attached their anonymous
      identification numbers to individual ratings so that their responses could be
      matched in the analysis. The results indicate that medical students are only
      moderately consistent in the extent to which they evaluate teachers. This
      inconsistency varied by course and by instructors within courses.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374411
TI  - The impact of educational interventions on the reliability of teachers'
      assessment of student case reports: a controlled trial.
AB  - Assessment of a case report allows for evaluation of the student's information
      collecting ability, clinical reasoning and written communication skills.
      Intrarater reliability of case report evaluation in second-year internal medicine
      was evaluated and found unacceptably low even after educational interventions. We
      conclude that for case report assessment to be useful educationally ratings must
      be obtained from numerous examiners on repeated occasions.

PMID- 3374412
TI  - An interactive patient simulation for the study of medical decision-making.
AB  - An interactive patient simulation for the study of medical decision-making was
      developed which is basically a flexible question and answer simulation between a
      doctor and a simulator conducting the simulation. To insure a thorough insight
      into the management of cases over time, provisions were made for doctors to
      interact with the simulated patients as many as five times. The simulation was
      tested on 16 family doctors and 16 specialist physicians to evaluate its realism
      and construct validity. The realism scores were highly favourable for both
      groups. With regard to construct validity, the hypothesis that the two specialty
      groups would manifest themselves in decision-making as distinct and homogeneous
      groups was tested. This hypothesis was confirmed in the case of specialist
      physicians, but not in the case of family doctors.

PMID- 3374413
TI  - Training gynaecological teaching associates.
AB  - The Gynecological Teaching Associate (GTA) instructional method is recognized as
      excellent by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics
      Undergraduate Education Committee for the instruction of medical students and
      doctors in the skills required for performance of women's reproductive health
      evaluation (obstetric-gynaecological history, breast and pelvic examinations, and
      PAP smear). The method is used in over 90% of American and Canadian medical
      schools and thus represents a major allocation of educational resources. This
      success is to a large extent dependent on the quality of training programmes for
      the GTAs. This paper provides a description of the training programme for GTAs at
      the University of Illinois at Chicago which has operated successfully for the
      last 3 years, resulting in a group of 18 GTAs who train approximately 450 medical
      students and residents each year. It is hoped that this information will help
      medical educators and planners to develop and/or maintain their GTA programmes
      (or equivalent in other countries) in the fiscally difficult times facing
      institutions of higher learning.

PMID- 3374414
TI  - Improving the psychiatric skills of the general practice trainee: an evaluation
      of a group training course.
AB  - Fourteen general practice trainees took part in a course specifically designed to
      improve their psychiatric interviewing skills. The trainees were instructed in
      the problem-based model and were taught in a group setting with the use of
      videotape feedback. A significant improvement was demonstrated in the trainees'
      ability to identify psychiatric illness accurately, and there were significant
      changes in their interview behaviours after training. Those who were below
      average before training showed the greatest improvement. The implications of
      these findings are discussed. Group video feedback training is as effective as
      one-to-one video feedback training in improving the psychiatric interviewing
      skills of GP trainees, and could be more widely employed in general practice
      vocational training.

PMID- 3374415
TI  - The effects of continuing medical education on family doctor performance in
      office practice: a randomized control study.
AB  - A randomized controlled study was conducted to determine if specifically designed
      continuing medical education in the fields of cardiovascular and cancer medicine
      could change doctor office behaviour significantly. Thirty-one volunteer family
      doctors from 25 offices participated. Six (three cardiovascular and three cancer)
      learning objectives were defined. Two educational formats were selected as the
      independent variables: (1) group interaction opportunities (face-to-face and
      teleconference); and (2) concisely written newsletters. Chart measures of doctor
      performance prior to and 6 and 12 months following education served as the
      dependent variables. The family doctors receiving education were found to perform
      the recommended behaviours significantly more than those who did not receive the
      education (P less than 0.05) at 6 months post-education. This difference was
      maintained at the 12-month post-educational period for one of the educational
      programmes offered. A carefully planned programme of continuing medical education
      will result in favourable changes in the office practice of volunteer doctors.
      These changes can persist for as long as 12 months. Adherence to several
      essential learning principles is required.

PMID- 3374416
TI  - Interview surveys in medical and health-care education.
AB  - This booklet provides a guide to interview surveys in medical and health-care
      education. The view is taken that interviews are an extension of everyday
      interpersonal skills, and this notion is applied to situations in which they have
      proved valuable. The range of attributes and different forms of interview surveys
      are discussed, practical steps are described and the question of data analysis is
      addressed. Finally, suggestions for establishing the validity of interview
      surveys are given.

PMID- 3374417
TI  - The teaching of medical ethics.

PMID- 3374418
TI  - Learning human anatomy: does learning occur during a lecture?
AB  - Information uptake during a formal lecture was evaluated using a sample of 43
      second-year medical students to whom a topic on human developmental anatomy was
      presented. The sample was divided into two groups: Blue (group B) (21 students)
      and Red (group R) (22 students). Prior to the lecture, a pre-test of 20 multiple
      choice questions was administered to each group. The lecture was then delivered
      over 50 minutes. Both in its preparation and presentation, the lecture conformed
      to the principles of programmed instruction. After a 10-minute students' question
      and-answer session, a post-test was served. For group B, this was group R's
      pretest while group R, in turn, received group B's pretest. No question in the
      pre-test was repeated in the post-test. Intergroup comparisons of pre-test scores
      and of post-test scores revealed non-significant differences (P greater than
      0.05), thus confirming that the pre- and the post-tests were of comparable
      difficulty. In each group, the mean post-test score was significantly higher than
      the pre-test score (P less than 0.001). The pooled scores indicated that the
      percentage mastery of material presented during the lecture increased from -1.8%
      to 58.4%. These results demonstrate that significant learning can occur during a
      lecture prepared and delivered in accordance with sound pedagogical principles.

PMID- 3374419
TI  - Can past academic criteria predict students at risk of future failure?
AB  - A significant minority of medical and dental students fail their undergraduate
      courses. Early warning systems (EWSs) have been developed in some areas of higher
      education to predict 'at-risk' students at an early remedial stage. An attempt is
      made to develop an EWS to predict failure in the bacteriology component of the
      Batchelor of Dental Surgery course at Manchester Dental School. A system based on
      class tests and previous end-of-year performance is derived which is used to
      predict those students likely to fail or fall in the bottom 20-25% in their
      finals examination. The predictors are combined by a simple equal weights method,
      which is found to have the same predictive power as using multiple regression.
      Failure was correctly predicted in 60% of cases, at the expense of 71% false
      alarms. The high number of false alarms reflects the low failure rate rather than
      the lack of predictive information. The need for effective cross-validation of
      EWSs is discussed; many previous studies have not been tested on independent
      data.

PMID- 3374420
TI  - Introducing expert systems to medical students using ESTA, expert system teaching
      aid.
AB  - Medical students are allocated little curriculum time for exposure to expert
      systems. ESTA, a computer model of an expert system, was developed to make best
      use of this time. The nature of the students' interaction with ESTA is described,
      and their reactions to the expert system concepts and the place of expert systems
      in medicine are presented. A discussion of these reactions draws some conclusions
      about teaching expert systems in particular, and computers in general, in the
      basic medical course.

PMID- 3374421
TI  - Macabre effects of a "cult" for kava.

PMID- 3374422
TI  - Non-parametric confidence intervals--an extension of statistical methods.

PMID- 3374424
TI  - Cancer case-survival rates for South Australia: a comparison with US rates and a
      preliminary investigation of time trends.
AB  - Five-year relative case-survival rates for all cancers collectively are similar
      in South Australia (49%) and the United States (50%). This suggests that outcomes
      of cancer treatment do not vary appreciably between the two populations. There is
      an indication of higher survival rates in South Australia for melanoma, Hodgkin's
      disease, multiple myeloma and gastric cancer, but lower survival rates for
      cancers of the thyroid, corpus uteri, prostate, colon, kidney and lung. The
      differences in point estimates of the rates were most conspicuous for Hodgkin's
      disease, multiple myeloma and prostatic cancer. The reasons for a cautious
      interpretation of these findings are discussed and some possible explanations are
      suggested. South Australian data point to an upward trend in survival rates
      between the diagnostic periods 1977-1980 and 1981-1985 for patients with
      Hodgkin's disease, diffuse large-cell lymphomas, melanomas and cancers of the
      prostate and rectum.

PMID- 3374423
TI  - Effects of the heavy usage of kava on physical health: summary of a pilot survey
      in an aboriginal community.
AB  - Health status was assessed in 39 kava users and 34 non-users in a coastal
      Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land. Twenty (27%) respondents were very heavy
      (mean consumption, 440 g/week) users of kava; 15 (21%) respondents were heavy
      (310 g/week) users of kava and four (5%) respondents were occasional (100 g/week)
      users of kava. Kava users were more likely to complain of poor health and a
      "puffy" face, and were more likely to have a typical scaly rash, and slightly
      increased patellar reflexes. Very heavy users of kava were 20% underweight and
      their levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase were increased greatly. Albumin,
      plasma protein, urea and bilirubin levels were decreased in kava users, and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased. Kava users were more
      likely to show haematuria, and to have urine which was poorly acidified and of
      low specific gravity. The use of kava was also associated with an increased red
      cell volume, with a decreased platelet volume and with a decreased lymphocyte
      count. Shortness of breath in kava users was associated with tall P waves on a
      resting electrocardiogram, which provided suggestive evidence of pulmonary
      hypertension. In common with other Aboriginal communities, there was evidence of
      decreased lung volumes, a high carriage rate of hepatitis B surface antigen, and
      of other morbidity that was unrelated to the use of kava. On the basis of these
      findings, there is a strong rationale for urgent social action to improve health
      in Aboriginal communities and, in particular, to reduce the consumption of kava
      and to improve the nutritional status of kava users.

PMID- 3374425
TI  - Indoor cricket injuries.
AB  - The records of injuries that were sustained while playing indoor cricket were
      collected and reviewed. The most common injuries involved fingers and eyes and
      50% of patients who were reviewed had had time off work. Some recommendations are
      made to reduce the injury rate.

PMID- 3374426
TI  - Rheumatic heart disease and school screening: initiatives at an isolated hospital
      in Tonga.
AB  - A simple and inexpensive assessment of cardiac murmurs and school health problems
      was conducted in an isolated island in the kingdom of Tonga. The prevalence of
      rheumatic and congenital heart disease in the population of 'Eua was 0.5% and
      0.15%, respectively. The incidence of rheumatic heart disease for 1985 was 0.8
      per 1000 population. The screening of 1106 students, who were aged five to 12
      years, showed skin disease to be the most important problem. All identified cases
      were treated and referred for follow-up. The total cost of this study was US
      $281.48. This exercise demonstrated an alternative approach to maximizing the use
      of health resources as well as maintaining the skill and morale of health workers
      in isolated areas.

PMID- 3374427
TI  - Point estimates and confidence intervals for two-sample rank tests.
AB  - The editorial policy of most medical journals now requires authors to provide
      point estimates and confidence intervals in addition to P values. To compare data
      from two groups, the rank-sum test (for independent groups) and the signed-ranks
      test (for related groups) provide P values but do not give estimates for the size
      of the difference between the groups. Point estimates and confidence intervals,
      which were developed by Hodges and Lehmann, that correspond to these rank tests
      are described and illustrated.

PMID- 3374428
TI  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and the management of common bile-duct
      calculi.
AB  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy is the treatment of first choice for stones that remain
      in the bile duct after cholecystectomy. There is a small group of patients in
      whom this technique is not successful; many of these patients carry a high risk
      for surgery because of their age or associated medical conditions. A variety of
      non-surgical techniques is available; however, none is well established. We have
      used an in-vitro model to show that human gallstones are fragmented readily by
      shock-wave lithotripsy. Two elderly frail patients with difficult bile-duct
      stones have been treated successfully by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
      The bile ducts were cleared of stones and the patients suffered no adverse
      effects. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is a new and promising alternative
      to the current non-surgical techniques for the management of bile-duct stones.

PMID- 3374429
TI  - Neonatal abstinence syndrome.

PMID- 3374431
TI  - Validity of a simplified measure of participation in vigorous physical activity.

PMID- 3374430
TI  - Pathophysiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 3374432
TI  - Giant liposarcoma of the spermatic cord.

PMID- 3374433
TI  - Objective basis for ethical issues.

PMID- 3374434
TI  - Occurrence and aetiology of hyponatraemia.

PMID- 3374435
TI  - Mammography and breast-cancer screening.

PMID- 3374436
TI  - Infant feeding.

PMID- 3374437
TI  - The Bicentenary-day health of Australia.

PMID- 3374438
TI  - [Soft lenses for implantation in cataract. An interview with D. Pierce Percival,
      Scarborough (UK) and Dr. Allan Rosenthal, Forth Worth (USA)].

PMID- 3374439
TI  - Sunscreens.

PMID- 3374440
TI  - Microx.

PMID- 3374441
TI  - Effect of high doses of glucocorticoids on the kinetics of human white blood
      cells in vivo.

PMID- 3374442
TI  - [Experience with a new glucose reflectometer in 14 diabetes centers].

PMID- 3374443
TI  - [Allogenic keratinocyte cultures as skin replacement in clinical use].

PMID- 3374444
TI  - [Bezafibrate-induced myoglobinuric kidney failure in a 54-year-old patient with
      diabetes mellitus type IIa].

PMID- 3374445
TI  - [Myositis as the initial manifestation in an HIV-1 positive patient of a "non
      risk group"].

PMID- 3374446
TI  - Surface oxygen pressure distributions in rabbit skeletal muscle: dependence on
      arterial pO2.
AB  - Previous reports indicate that hyperoxemia disturbs the striated muscle tissue
      oxygenation in both critically ill patients and in healthy human volunteers. We
      believe that further studies of this problem can most conveniently be carried out
      in an animal model. A systematic study on the influence of higher than normal
      arterial pO2 levels on striated muscle surface tissue oxygen pressure
      distributions (OPD) was performed using an MDO oxygen electrode. Experiments were
      carried out during controlled ventilation in a rabbit model conceived to maintain
      exceptional cardiovascular stability. The PaO2 level was varied by altering FiO2
      (the fraction of inspired oxygen) randomly between 0.21 (mean PaO2 10.7 kPa),
      0.30 (mean PaO2 19.2 kPa), 0.5 (mean PaO2 29.1 kPa) and 0.70 (mean PaO2 44.0 kPa)
      with only small variations in PaCO2 (4-5 kPa). There was a clear relationship
      between the degree of hyperoxemia and the degree of abnormality of the muscle
      tissue OPD: the higher the PaO2 level, the more abnormal was the muscle tissue
      OPD. Slightly disturbed (scattered) muscle tissue OPD:s appeared at PaO2 levels
      around 19 kPa, while increasingly scattered OPD:s appeared at PaO2 29 kPa and 44
      kPa, respectively. At normal baseline PaO2 levels (mean PaO2 10.7 kPa) muscle
      OPD:s were normal. The time needed to achieve stable muscle tissue oxygen
      pressure levels after PaO2 had been increased was longer than expected, i.e., on
      average 45 min. The OPD shapes as well as the mode of reaction to hyperoxemia
      were found to be the same in the rabbit as in man. Our model displayed good macro
      and microvascular stability and should be useful for studies on regulatory
      mechanisms of skeletal muscle oxygenation.

PMID- 3374447
TI  - [Cerebral ventriculitis in childhood].

PMID- 3374448
TI  - [Antimeasles vaccination. Experience of a campaign with a population of 6410
      susceptible subjects].

PMID- 3374449
TI  - [Diagnostico-therapeutic validity of elimination diets in the treatment of atopic
      dermatitis in infants].

PMID- 3374450
TI  - [Familial factors and feeding modality in allergic pathology in childhood.
      Retrospective study].

PMID- 3374451
TI  - [Statistical analysis of the blood concentration of folic acid and vitamin B12 at
      various stages of celiac disease].

PMID- 3374452
TI  - [Neurologic pathology in subjects with beta-thalassemia major].

PMID- 3374453
TI  - [Bilateral and symmetrical calcifications of the basal ganglia: Fahr's syndrome?
      Description of a case of early onset].

PMID- 3374454
TI  - [Virilization caused by an adrenal tumor secreting androgens in a 4-year-old
      female].

PMID- 3374455
TI  - [Organization of the burn center of the Trousseau Pediatric Hospital in Paris].

PMID- 3374456
TI  - Hypertriglyceridemia in an infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

PMID- 3374457
TI  - The journal as an assessment and evaluation tool in nurse education.

PMID- 3374458
TI  - Coping with future shock.

PMID- 3374459
TI  - Learning how to learn nursing.

PMID- 3374460
TI  - Students entering professional nursing: learning style, personality type and sex
      role identification.

PMID- 3374461
TI  - Evaluating study modules in basic nurse education programmes.

PMID- 3374462
TI  - The use of an extended simulation in ward management training (2): A description
      of the chosen format.

PMID- 3374463
TI  - Ethical dilemmas in curriculum planning.

PMID- 3374464
TI  - Project supervision.

PMID- 3374465
TI  - Bagged versus diaper urine specimens and laboratory values.

PMID- 3374466
TI  - Brief intervention with parents in the special care nursery.

PMID- 3374467
TI  - Neonatal mortality: early prediction using a neonatal status score.

PMID- 3374468
TI  - Effecting change: you can do it.

PMID- 3374469
TI  - Developing an evacuation procedure for a nursery complex.

PMID- 3374470
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring: description and clinical application.

PMID- 3374471
TI  - Making a difference. Missouri physicians and the AMA.

PMID- 3374472
TI  - University of Missouri-Columbia.

PMID- 3374473
TI  - University of Missouri-Kansas City.

PMID- 3374474
TI  - Washington University.

PMID- 3374475
TI  - Secretion of lipoprotein lipase from myocardial cells isolated from adult rat
      hearts.
AB  - Heparin (5 U/ml) induced the release of LPL into the incubation medium of cardiac
      myocytes isolated from adult rat hearts. The secretion of LPL occurred in two
      phases: a rapid release (5-10 min of incubation with heparin) that was
      independent of protein synthesis followed by a slower rate of release that was
      inhibited by cycloheximide. The rapid release of LPL induced by heparin likely
      occurs from sites that are at or near the cell surface. LPL secretion could also
      be stimulated by heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, but not by hyaluronic
      acid, chondroitin sulfate or keratan sulfate. Heparin-releasable LPL activity
      measured in short-term incubations represented a large fraction (40-50%) of the
      initial LPL activity associated with myocytes, but the fall in cellular LPL
      activity following heparin was less than the amount of LPL activity secreted into
      the incubation medium. This discrepancy was not due to latency of LPL in the pre
      heparin cell homogenates, but in part could be due to a three-fold greater
      affinity of the heparin-released enzyme for substrate as compared to LPL in post
      heparin myocyte homogenates.

PMID- 3374476
TI  - Effect of oleate on the apparent Km of monoamine oxidase and the amount of
      membrane-bound hexokinase in isolated rat hepatocytes: further evidence for the
      controlling role of the surface charge in hexokinase binding.
AB  - Brief incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes in the presence of the oleate-bovine
      serum albumin complex resulted in a release to the cytosol of a portion of
      hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) normally bound to intracellular membranes. This was
      correlated with an increase of the negative surface potential of the outer
      mitochondrial membrane, as measured in situ by determining changes of Km of
      monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4). It is suggested that non-esterified fatty acids
      produce a partial release of bound hexokinase in the liver cell by changing the
      surface charge of intracellular membranes.

PMID- 3374477
TI  - Effect of steroid hormones on endotoxin-mediated cartilage degradation.
AB  - Cartilage degradation is a characteristic feature of various types of human
      arthritis, notably rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The influence of
      glucocorticoid and other steroid hormones on cartilage proteoglycan breakdown was
      examined in a model system in which breakdown is readily quantified by the
      release of proteoglycan from cultured bovine nasal cartilage discs. Endotoxin
      (bacterial lipopolysaccharides) treatment enhanced the depletion of cartilage
      proteoglycan by 2-3 fold. This was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner
      by hydrocortisone (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) or other glucocorticoid hormones
      (dexamethasone, prednisolone, cortisone). Inhibition required the continued
      presence of the steroid. Removal of hydrocortisone (3 x 10(-7) M) after 4 days
      from endotoxin-treated cultures resulted in the rapid restoration of an endotoxin
      response, so that proteoglycan release approached maximum levels during a second
      4-day culture period. Other C-21 steroid hormones (progesterone, aldosterone)
      were also inhibitory at 10(-5) M, but testosterone and beta-estradiol showed
      little influence on endotoxin action. Proteoglycan products of smaller average
      mol wt (Sepharose CL-2B chromatography), consistent with core protein cleavages,
      were released from endotoxin-treated cartilage. Cleavage was unaffected by beta
      estradiol, partially blocked by aldosterone and largely prevented by
      hydrocortisone administration.

PMID- 3374479
TI  - Differential phosphorylation of microtubule proteins by ATP and GTP.
AB  - Purified brain microtubule protein is phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase
      activities in the presence of [gamma-32P] ATP or [gamma-32P] GTP. Here we show
      that certain microtubule-associated proteins are phosphorylated differently by
      GTP or ATP as direct phosphoryl donors, suggesting the presence of distinct
      kinase activities, with different specificities, associated with microtubule
      protein.

PMID- 3374478
TI  - Studies on oxygen and volume restriction in cultured cardiac cell: possible
      rearrangement of sarcolemmal lipid moieties during anoxia and ischemia-like
      states.
AB  - Cultured heart cells have been shown useful for investigating states of oxygen
      and volume restrictions, simulating anoxia and ischemia-like states at cellular
      levels. The sarcolemma has been implicated as one of the early sites of ischemic
      damage; therefore, lactoperoxidase catalyzed radioiodination was used to study
      accessibility of the sarcolemmal lipid moieties to this enzymatic probe,
      reflecting their exposure to the extracellular environment, hence the biophysical
      state of the sarcolemma. These studies have shown that within one hour of
      'ischemic' injuries: (1) The degree of labelling in the total phospholipid
      fraction is considerably increased; and (2) Profound changes in the relative
      extent of labelling of different phospholipid classes were observed. The PE/PC
      labelling ratio increases dramatically with the progress of ischemia-like state.
      We suggest that early during ischemic injury, reorganization of the cell surface
      phospholipids occurs and discuss possible relations to the energy charge of the
      cell.

PMID- 3374480
TI  - The effect of erythrocyte associated light scattering on membrane fluorescence
      polarization.
AB  - The apparent membrane fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
      has been reported to be lower in intact erythrocytes than in isolated erythrocyte
      membranes. Although this difference was once suggested to be caused by the
      fluidizing effect associated with the loss of erythrocyte proteins during
      membrane isolation, it is currently thought to be an artifact resulting from
      intense light scattering properties of intact erythrocytes which overwhelm
      extrapolation methods of correcting for light scattering. This study confirmed
      that, at erythrocyte concentrations greater than 10(7) cells/ml, this difference
      was caused by intense light scattering; however, at erythrocyte concentrations
      less than 4.0 X 10(6) cells/ml, the anisotropy values for erythrocytes and
      isolated membranes are identical, demonstrating that intense light scattering can
      be overcome with dilute suspensions of cells.

PMID- 3374481
TI  - [A method of determining the primary structure of oligodeoxyribonucleotides].
AB  - Sanger method was modified to fulfill the requirements of sequencing of
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides. E. coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment was used for
      all the reactions. The method consists of three steps made in succession in one
      tube: 1. Optional hydrolysis of a 5'-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide primer in
      order to get a set of primers of different lengths. 2. Elongation of the produced
      set of primers in the presence of a template, natural dNTPs and chain terminating
      dNTP analogs. 3. Hydrolysis of the products of the previous step in order to
      remove the unterminated molecules. Change of steps in achieved just by varying
      the reaction conditions without any product purification. The method in
      insensitive to the presence of admixture of oligonucleotides which is not
      complementary to the primer or to the template.

PMID- 3374483
TI  - [Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from the bovine liver. Isolation and physico-chemical
      properties].
AB  - Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase of beef liver has been isolated and its properties have
      been studied. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a structural dimer of alpha 2 type. Mr
      of the enzyme subunit is about 59 kDa. Km values for substrates have been
      determined and compared with kinetic properties of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases from
      different sources. The polymorphism of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was studied. The
      enzyme was separated into two different forms by chromatography on
      phosphocellulose P 11. P1-form is active only in the amino acid activation
      reaction. This form is not due to the phosphorylation of the enzyme. The low
      molecular weight form (38 kDa) was also isolated. This form appeared due to the
      limited endogenic proteolysis of the main form and retained full activity in the
      aminoacylation reaction. Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from beef liver has non-specific
      affinity to rRNA-sepharose.

PMID- 3374482
TI  - [Genetic engineering of peptide hormones. II. Possible polymorphism of bovine
      preprolactin. Molecular cloning data].
AB  - The primary structure of an insert from a clone isolated from the bovine
      pituitary cDNA library by hybridization with prolactin-specific probe has been
      determined. It was found that the rearrangement of cDNA took place in the process
      of cloning. The rearrangement includes the inversion of 5'-terminal and the
      deletion of the central part of cDNA. However from the structure of the insert we
      were able to deduce the sequences of 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of bovine
      preprolactin mRNA (257 and 551 bases long). The comparison of these sequences
      with those published earlier revealed several differences in the primary
      structure. The most essential of them is the additional triplet coding for
      alanine in position of -22 of the signal peptide. The heterogeneity of bovine
      preprolactin mRNA in the region coding for the signal peptide is considered to be
      a consequence of alternative splicing as it was shown for rat preprolactin mRNA.

PMID- 3374484
TI  - [Changes in the composition of double-stranded sequences of poly(A)-containing
      RNA in cell cytoplasm during hormonal induction].
AB  - Double-stranded segments (c-ds) have been studied in the poly(A)+ cytoplasmic rat
      liver RNA. Duplexes about 40 base pairs long have been shown to be of
      intermolecular character and originate from the interaction between ss-RNA and
      complementary regions of the poly(A)-containing RNA molecules. Shorter ds
      sequences are, mainly, of intramolecular nature. Double-stranded sequences of
      different length differ also in their oligonucleotide composition, according to
      fingerprint analysis data. Under the action of cortisone, only several kinds of
      double-stranded sequences have been demonstrated to increase in the population of
      cytoplasmic poly(A)+RNA. The function of ds-regions in the hormonal regulation of
      gene expression is suggested.

PMID- 3374485
TI  - [Melting of short DNA fragments. Relation between the nucleation constant of a
      spiral region and the ionic strength].
AB  - Melting of two DNA duplexes of known nucleotide sequences containing 14 and 36
      base pairs has been investigated within the range of ionic strength from 0.2 to
      0.02 M [Na+]. The values of melting enthalpy of base pair delta H were measured
      for the duplex of 14 base pairs in the solutions of varying ionic strength. The
      values of delta H were obtained from slopes of linear plots of reciprocal melting
      temperature versus logarithm of oligonucleotide chains concentration. In the
      aforementioned range the decrease of the ionic strength causes a 5% decrease of
      delta H. By fitting the theoretical profiles to the experimental ones the ionic
      strength dependence of the nucleation constant beta was measured for DNA
      fragments of various lengths. With the decrease of the ionic strength the value
      of beta drops 2 times for the short duplex and 8 times for the long one.

PMID- 3374486
TI  - [Interaction of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from Citrobacter intermedius with amino
      acids and their derivatives: factors determining the effectiveness of binding].
AB  - The inhibition by L-amino acids and their derivatives of tyrosine phenol-lyase is
      investigated. Tyramine, alpha-phenylethylamine and tryptamine have no detectable
      inhibition effect and hence are weakly bonded by an active site. The aromatic
      amino acid amides are competitive inhibitors but do not manifest an enzymatic
      isotope exchange of alpha-proton in D2O. Free amino acids however are competitive
      inhibitors and in the majority of cases exchange alpha-proton. The presence of
      COOH-group is therefore an important feature which determines the binding
      efficiency and causes the "active" conformation of the amino acid-PLP complex
      labelising alpha-proton. In the absence of functional and bulky groups in the
      amino acid side chain the hydrophobicity is found to be the main factor
      determining the binding efficiency. For these amino acids a correlation exists
      between-RTlnKi and side chain hydrophobicity. The amino acids bearing the bulky
      groups, i. e. valine, leucine and isoleucine have reduced binding efficiency.
      Lysine and arginine bearing positively charged functional groups possess no
      inhibition effect. Aspartic and glutamic acids are anomalously strong inhibitors
      taking into consideration low hydrophobicity of their side chains. One can assume
      that the electrophilic group able to interact with the terminal COO- -group of
      aspartic and glutamic acids is located in the active site of tyrosine
      phenollyase.

PMID- 3374487
TI  - [Nucleosomes of active chromatin from sea urchin embryo cells are rich in early
      histone variants].
AB  - By means of selective micrococcal nuclease digestion chromatin from early stages
      of the sea urchin St. droebachiensis embryogenesis was divided into fractions
      differing by their transcriptional activity. The electrophoretic analysis of
      histones at the gastrula stage showed that the transcriptionally active chromatin
      fraction was enriched with early variants of histone H2A and H1. On the stage of
      pluteus, when primary cell differentiation is completed, the amount of total
      histone H1 in this fraction was significantly decreased, however it was enriched
      in an early alpha variant. It was shown that after mild micrococcal nuclease
      digestion mononucleosomes, which were mostly derived from active chromatin, were
      significantly enriched with in vivo labeled early histone variants.

PMID- 3374488
TI  - [Applicability of the fluorescence-detected circular dichroism method for the
      determination of the secondary structure of glucagon and albumin].
AB  - The fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) spectra of dansyl-leucine are
      reported. These spectra were obtained with the use of an unique device. FDCD,
      circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectra of dansyl-leucine are combined to
      calculate CD spectra of the dansyl group in the given environment. A new method
      for determination of the secondary protein structure from the CD spectra taking
      into account the contribution of tryptophan residues is proposed. This
      contribution is defined from FDCD. The secondary structure of glucagon and human
      serum albumin, all containing a single, fluorescent tryptophan, were analysed. A
      good correspondence between these results and those reported for glucagon
      structure were found, while the usual method (without determination on tryptophan
      contribution) leads to unsatisfactory results.

PMID- 3374489
TI  - [Occurrence of DNA structures which differ from the canonic B-form in sites of
      highly specific interaction with chromatin proteins].
AB  - According to the three-dimensional structure of DNase I and the mechanism of its
      action on linear double-stranded DNA, helix regions in conformations considerably
      different from the canonical B-form should be resistant to endonucleolysis. A
      number of DNA sequences specifically bound by nonhistone factors within 5'
      flanking regions of the chicken beta A-globin, beta H-globin and c-myc genes are
      shown to contain short DNase I-resistant DNA domains. Several examples of the
      occurrence of such DNase I-resistant domains within the sites for high-specific
      recognition by different proteins are given. The role of the DNA structural
      polymorphism in site-specific interaction with protein factors is discussed.

PMID- 3374490
TI  - [Structural transformations of fibrin oligomers].
AB  - The morphology of equilibrium of soluble fibrin oligomers at different stages of
      assembly was studied. Results of Rauleigh's light scattering, analytical
      ultracentrifugation and viscosimetry show that fibrin-polymers throughout the
      entire homology range present rigid, rod-like structures dispersed by weight and
      dimensions. It was shown, that along with the traditional double-stranded chain
      protofibrills, where the monomer molecules are connected "end-to-center", there
      is an alternative variant, which is a result of single-stranded chain
      dimerization, where the monomers are formed up in an "end-to-end" fashion.
      Identity of physicochemical features of fibrin oligomers obtained by means of
      different enzyme activation of fibrinogen indicates that E1 and E2 sites interact
      with the complementary D1 and D2 sites only at the stage of protofibrill
      formation. It is suggested that the lateral aggregation is initiated by other
      sites that exist in fibrinogen and fibrin-monomer molecules in an accessible
      state. Thermodynamic reasons for the cooperative ability of protofibrill
      aggregation processes and gel-formation are discussed.

PMID- 3374491
TI  - IgE structure-function relationships defined by sequence directed antibodies
      induced by synthetic peptides.
AB  - Six peptides, representing contiguous amino acid sequences within the C epsilon
      2, C epsilon 3 and C epsilon 4 domains of murine IgE, were selected for synthesis
      on the basis of overall hydropathy, degree of homology to both human and rat IgE
      and, where possible, inclusion of a native cysteine residue. Antibodies were
      produced against each peptide by immunizing rabbits with peptide-KLH conjugates.
      Each anti-peptide antiserum exhibited good reactivity with the corresponding
      immunizing peptide (titer: 10(-4) to 10(-5] and four of the six antisera
      exhibited a distinct preferential murine IgE reactivity compared to four other
      murine immunoglobulin classes (IgG1, IgG2b, IgM and IgA). In addition, one
      antiserum (anti-epsilon peptide 5), raised against a peptide with 80% homology to
      human IgE, reacted comparably with both human and murine IgE. Each IgE-reactive
      antiserum was screened for the ability to stimulate mediator release from IgE
      sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. Two of the four IgE-reactive
      antisera strongly stimulated 3H-serotonin release (anti-epsilon peptides 4 and
      5), one antiserum showed weak activity (anti-epsilon peptide 3) and the remaining
      anti-peptide serum (anti-epsilon peptide 6), which exhibited the highest anti-IgE
      reactivity, exhibited no detectable stimulatory activity. Individual anti-peptide
      antibodies were subsequently tested for the potential to bind to receptor-bound
      IgE. Anti-epsilon peptide 3 was shown to exhibit the least binding, anti-epsilon
      peptide 6 showed the highest magnitude of binding while anti-epsilon peptides 4
      and 5 exhibited intermediate values. We conclude from this study that sequences
      defined by epsilon-peptides 4 and 5 are not significantly involved in the
      receptor binding mechanism whereas epsilon-peptide 3 is likely to be most
      proximal to the IgE-receptor recognition site of those sequences studied.
      Finally, we suggest that the epsilon-peptide 6 sequence is in such an orientation
      in cell-bound IgE that, while it is accessible to external antibody, effective
      cross-linking of the IgE-receptor complex cannot be achieved through this
      determinant.

PMID- 3374492
TI  - The Fc receptor for IgA expression and affinity on lymphocytes and macrophages.
AB  - The interaction between the Fc receptor for IgA (FcR alpha) and human secretory
      IgA (sIgA) was studied in a heterologous system by using rabbit alveolar
      macrophages or splenic lymphocytes. The capacity of FcR alpha-bearing cells to
      interact with the ligand via the Fc region was demonstrated. The proportion of
      FcR alpha-bearing lymphocytes and macrophages was found to be 11 and 17%,
      respectively. The cell-bound radiolabelled ligand showed a release half-time of
      70 min for lymphocytes and 45 min for macrophages. The equilibrium constant (K)
      and the maximum number of ligand molecules bound per cell (n) in mean values was
      5.2 +/- 0.05 X 10(8) M-1 and 3.3 +/- 0.15 X 10(5) molecules per cell,
      respectively. Increased percentages of FcR alpha-bearing cells and of ligand
      density per cell were obtained after stimulation by lung inflammation. A
      significant increase of the K value was recorded with macrophages from rabbits
      with lung acute inflammation (mean value 7.3 +/- 0.21 + 10(8) M-1) while the
      increase with lymphocytes was not significant. The calculation method of K and n
      is discussed.

PMID- 3374493
TI  - Induction of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody responses to cholera toxin by the
      synthetic peptide approach.
AB  - The induction of an antibody response to cholera toxin (CT) was studied by using
      the synthetic peptide approach. Two peptides, corresponding to the amino acid
      sequences from residues 57 to 69 (CTBP1) and 47 to 60 (CTBP2) of the cholera
      toxin B subunit, were synthesized by the solid-phase method. These peptides were
      primarily chosen on the basis of their hydrophilicity and sequence identity with
      the B subunit of E. coli toxin (LTh). Synthesized peptides were coupled to
      carrier proteins through additional cysteine residues at the carboxyl (CTBP1) or
      amino terminal ends (CTBP2). Rabbit antisera to the peptide-carrier conjugates
      were found to react with the free peptides as well as intact CT, its B subunit
      and LTh as determined by the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      (ELISA). On the other hand, anti-peptide sera failed to react with CT and LTh in
      GM1 (ganglioside)--ELISA, thereby suggesting the possible involvement of CTBP1
      and CTBP2 peptide regions of the toxin molecule in GM1 receptor binding. Both
      anti-peptide sera possessed rather weak toxin neutralizing activity in the rabbit
      ileal loop assay. However, such activity was statistically significant (0.02 less
      than P less than 0.05) only in the case of anti-CTBP2 serum. Similar results were
      also obtained with mouse polyclonal anti-peptide sera. Ten mouse monoclonal
      antibodies were obtained against the CTBP1 peptide, five of which reacted to CT,
      the B subunit and LTh in ELISA. Interestingly, one monoclonal showed strong
      reactivity against CT and LTh although it reacted very weakly against the
      immunizing peptide CTBP1. It appears that the immunizing peptide probably exists
      in multiple conformers in the conjugated form, some of which may mimic more
      closely its structural features in the intact protein than in the free state.
      Results obtained in this study suggest that synthetic peptides can serve as
      useful probes for the structural analysis of CT or related toxins and may be
      useful in vaccine development.

PMID- 3374494
TI  - The H-2Kkml mutation: a single nucleotide substitution is responsible for
      multiple functional differences in a class I MHC molecule.
AB  - Nucleotide sequence analysis of mRNA from the H-2K locus of the CBA.M523 mouse,
      which has the class I murine MHC mutation H-2Kkml, has established the only
      alteration to be at the codon for amino acid position 152 as compared to the
      sequence of standard Kk from both the AKR and CBA inbred mouse lines. Complete
      sequence information for the nucleotides coding for amino acids 1-292, which
      includes all of the extracellular protein domains, demonstrated an A----C
      alteration in the codon for amino acid 152 as compared to the standard Kk
      sequence, changing Asp (GAT) in Kkml. The GCT codon occurring in Kkml may be the
      result of a gene conversion in Kkml. The GCT codon occurring in Kkml may be the
      result of a gene conversion event because a potential donor gene, the pH-2III
      pseudogene of H-2k, is transcribed in the CBA.M523 mouse and has a GCT codon at
      amino acid position 152. This sequence information obtained for Kkml also
      demonstrates that Kk gene transcripts from two genetically distinct inbred mouse
      lines, CBA and AKR, are completely identical. Finally, several other murine and
      human class I MHC variants have similar alterations at amino acid position 152
      which result in altered biological functions. This information suggests that
      amino acid 152 is an important part of a T-cell-recognized antigenic determinant
      on MHC class I antigens.

PMID- 3374495
TI  - Antigen induced rheumatoid factors: characteristics of monoclonal rheumatoid
      factors produced after protein and carbohydrate immunization.
AB  - We generated a panel of monoclonal rheumatoid factors (MRF) from BALB/c mice
      immunized with ovalbumin, dextran or group-A-carbohydrate. Individual MRF were
      analyzed in terms of their binding to the four isotypes of murine IgG, isotypes
      of human IgG, and rabbit IgG, the idiotypes they express, and the VH gene
      families they employ. We found that antigen induced rheumatoid factors could be
      divided into three different families based on their isotypic specificity for
      murine IgG: an IgG1 binding family, and IgG3 binding family, and a family of MRF
      that bound all four murine isotypes. Rheumatoid factors belonging to all three
      families were isolated from mice immunized with carbohydrate antigens. The
      rheumatoid factors isolated from protein immunized mice all belonged to the IgG1
      binding family. We were able to define two cross-reactive idiotypes among MRF,
      one expressed by a subgroup of the IgG1 binding family, and a second cross
      reactive idiotype expressed by some members of the pan-binding family. We
      determined VH gene use in five of six MRF belonging to the IgG1 binding family
      and four of four members of the pan-binding family. Four of the IgG1 binding
      rheumatoid factors and three of the pan-binding rheumatoid factors utilize the
      J558 VH gene family. Rheumatoid factors produced after carbohydrate antigen
      immunization, as compared with those generated by protein immunization, are
      diverse in their isotypic specificity, and show a greater ability to bind
      heterologous IgG.

PMID- 3374496
TI  - A simple procedure for the isolation of human secretory IgA of IgA1 and IgA2
      subclass by a jackfruit lectin, jacalin, affinity chromatography.

PMID- 3374497
TI  - [Modified Blalock-Taussig anastomosis. Its significance within the scope of
      surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot].
AB  - We report our results with 14 cases of tetralogy of Fallot, which were treated
      with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt first, total correction having been
      performed in 9 of them after a mean interval of 15 months. The age of the
      patients ranged from 12 days to 3.3 years, with a mean of 4.7 months in 12
      patients below the age of one year. In 11 cases we used a 5 mm Gore-Tex
      prosthesis, in 2 a 6 mm prosthesis and in one a 4 mm prosthesis. All children
      survived the operation. In one case shunt thrombosis occurred after a bout of
      pneumonia and a second shunt had to be constructed on the other side. Control
      angiography, performed after a mean period of 15 months in 13 patients revealed a
      patent shunt, though angulation of the ipsilateral pulmonary artery was noted in
      one case. The ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the aorta
      increased by 20%. The significance of these findings with regard to the question
      of primary or two-stage repair in infants less than one year old is discussed in
      view of different risk factors.

PMID- 3374498
TI  - [Epidermolysis bullosa atrophicans gravis. Report of a therapeutic trial with
      dapsone].
AB  - A case of junctional epidermolysis bullosa (Herlitz) is reported. The patient has
      been treated with high doses of Dapson. The result is encouraging.

PMID- 3374499
TI  - [Exogenous allergic alveolitis (bird fancier's lung)].
AB  - A 13 year old boy was admitted to our clinic because of caugh, dyspnoe, tachypnoe
      and bilateral fine moist rales since more than 6 months. Pulmonary function
      studies showed a restrictive lung disease. Lung biopsy revealed an interstitial
      pneumonitis. These findings together with a hypergammaglobulinemia and
      precipitating antibodies were highly suggestive of an extrinsic allergic
      alveolitis i.e. pigeon breeder's disease. The patient was treated with
      corticosteroids and is well after 1 year without any therapy except prevention of
      further exposure.

PMID- 3374500
TI  - [Therapy of paroxysmal hypokalemic paralysis: experience with diclofenamid].
AB  - A case of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis is discussed in a boy whose
      first paralysis occurred at 11 years of age. At first the paralysis was
      controlled by acetazolamid and potassium therapy. Later, frequent attacks of
      paralysis and muscle weakness developed necessitating a change of therapy.
      Diclofenamid has now already been administered for 2 years. It is well tolerated
      and has suppressed further attacks.

PMID- 3374501
TI  - [Public health measures in the prevention of HIV infections in pediatric
      clinics].

PMID- 3374502
TI  - [Vitamin K prevention in newborn infants and infants].

PMID- 3374503
TI  - [AIDS and pregnancy. The Sussmuth federal public health administration met with
      physicians and gynecologic societies].

PMID- 3374504
TI  - [Molecular weight and restriction mapping of the DNA of cholera phages].
AB  - Molecular masses of cholera bacteriophages 493, 7226 and Eltor II were defined by
      electron microscopic technique. DNA of these bacteriophages was digested by the
      restriction endonucleases PstI, BglI, MluI and SalI. The number and molecular
      masses of the obtained restricts were identified. The physical map of
      bacteriophage 493 was constructed using three restriction endonucleases. The
      obtained data can be used for classification and molecular biology research of
      cholera bacteriophages.

PMID- 3374505
TI  - [Cloning of the genes controlling the biosynthesis of bacitracin in Bacillus
      licheniformis].
AB  - The DNA fragment from bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis strain is
      cloned on pMX39 vector plasmid in Bacillus subtilis cells. Bacillus subtilis
      cells carrying the cloned fragment inhibit the growth of bacitracin-sensitive
      tester strain. The observed inhibition of growth is due to the production by
      Bacillus subtilis of bacteriocin substance that is identified as bacitracin by
      TLC-chromatography. In contrast to the data published earlier it is shown that
      Bacillus subtilis can in fact produce the small amounts of bacitracin.
      Introduction of the cloned Bacillus licheniformis DNA into Bacillus subtilis
      cells stimulates this bacitracin production. The restriction site map of the
      Bacillus licheniformis chromosomal region bearing the cloned fragment is
      constructed.

PMID- 3374506
TI  - Oncogenic potential in fibroblasts from individuals genetically predisposed to
      cancer.
AB  - There is now considerable evidence to suggest that genetic factors can influence
      the incidence of cancer. Although expression of this susceptibility to cancer
      appears to be tissue-specific, the normal skin fibroblasts from individuals
      predisposed to cancer (predisposed fibroblasts) have also been shown to express
      the risk of the target cell in the development of cancer. In the context of the 2
      stage theory of chemical carcinogenesis predisposed fibroblasts may, therefore,
      exist in a pre-neoplastic or initiated state. The purpose of the present study
      was to determine whether predisposed fibroblasts would be oncogenically
      transformed in vitro by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA) alone. TPA treatment induced similar changes in cellular morphology,
      cytoskeleton, and epidermal growth-factor binding, in predisposed and normal
      cells. None of these cell lines acquired anchorage-independent growth or an
      unlimited growth potential in culture after chronic application of TPA.
      Fluorescent microscopy with an F-actin probe, in the absence of TPA, showed a
      disorganization of the microfilament and intermediate filament network in skin
      fibroblasts from individuals with familial polyposis coli, hereditary and
      sporadic retinoblastoma, basal cell nevus syndrome, and Gardner's syndrome, as
      compared to normal skin fibroblasts. Single and 2-dimensional electrophoresis
      also indicated that the incorporation of 35S-methionine into actin in predisposed
      fibroblasts was 2-fold greater than in normal fibroblasts, and the turnover rate
      of actin in predisposed fibroblasts was less than 5 h, compared to 48 h in normal
      fibroblasts. These observations clearly suggest that predisposed fibroblasts may
      not exist in a pre-neoplastic or initiated state, and that the mechanism of
      genetic susceptibility to cancer may be different from that of chemical
      carcinogenesis. In contrast, the results of this study indicate that genetic
      susceptibility to a variety of cancers may be associated with a rapid turnover of
      actin and a disorganization of the microfilament and intermediate filament
      networks.

PMID- 3374507
TI  - Human fibroblasts from cancer patients: lifespan and transformed phenotype in
      vitro and role of mesenchyme in vivo.
AB  - Human fibroblasts cultured in vitro can exhibit a different potential number of
      population doublings. In normal donors, the average number of population
      doublings is inversely related to the donor's age. An increased growth potential
      was detected in skin fibroblasts from breast cancer patients, independently of
      the donor's age. These cells responded in an abnormal way to 3 biological
      parameters: (1) colony formation in semisolid medium; (2) colony formation on
      monolayers of normal human epithelial cells; and (3) increase of saturation
      densities in overcrowded culture conditions. A third of these cultures, as well
      as skin fibroblasts from other cancer patients, at the plateau phase of growth
      exhibited a significant percentage of cells still synthesizing DNA. Exposure to
      overcrowding, limited in time, caused the selection of a cell subset which
      displayed new biological, biochemical and functional properties commonly found in
      transformed cells. The abnormal in vitro behavior of skin fibroblasts from breast
      cancer patients does not seem to be associated with the expression of oncofetal
      membrane markers (4F2, IL2 receptor) while the fibroblasts from patients with the
      adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) syndrome expressed the 4F2 antigen.
      This is the first time that the IL2 receptor is found on non-hematopoietic cells.
      Fibroblastic cells with abnormal characteristics, which may also present a
      decreased efficiency in organizing a primitive fibrin matrix, could represent in
      vivo an anarchistic milieu, favoring disturbed epithelial-stromal interactions
      and the emergence of the less structured tumor stromatic tissue.

PMID- 3374508
TI  - The transformed (initiated) human cell phenotype: study of cultured skin
      fibroblasts from individuals predisposed to cancer.
AB  - The present study demonstrated the expression of abnormal phenotypes (biomarkers)
      in cultured skin fibroblasts from hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum
      (ACR) and neurofibromatosis (NF) patients. These biomarkers occur systemically
      and they include cytoskeletal structures, cytotoxicity and sensitivity to
      transformation by oncogenic agents, expression of transformation-associated
      antigen, and effects by a tumor promoter. Collectively, these biomarkers define
      the transformed (initiated) human cell phenotype, as determined through use of
      cultured skin fibroblasts that were obtained from individuals at risk of cancer.
      In conjunction with clinical signs, these biomarkers can be used to determine
      gene expression and gene penetrance. Extension of these studies in the form of a
      multiparameter matrix may permit the early detection of cancer.

PMID- 3374509
TI  - Comparison of features of carcinogen-transformed human cells in vitro with
      sarcoma-derived cells.
AB  - To define characteristics of chemically transformed phenotypes during and after
      progression to neoplasia and to assess their relationship to those phenotypes
      expressed by surgically removed sarcoma lesions, we compared the characteristics
      in the following manner. We investigated: (1) alterations in growth patterns; (2)
      anchorage-independent growth; (3) reactivity with monoclonal antibodies directed
      against surface antigen; (4) invasiveness in embryonic chick skin; (5)
      tumorigenicity in nude mice; and (6) karyology. Fifty different sarcoma cell
      lines were examined which exhibited different rates and absolute numbers of
      population doublings. With one exception, all sarcoma cell lines exhibited a
      finite life span ranging from 60 to 100 population doublings. Populations of
      these cells that exhibited anchorage-independent growth in soft agar also reacted
      positively with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 345.134S directed against a 115K-GP
      cell surface glycoprotein. Similarly, chemically transformed cells that grew in
      soft agar also reacted with the MoAb 345.134S, whereas cells with an inability to
      grow in soft agar did not. Cell lines established from human sarcoma and from
      chemically transformed human fibroblasts that reacted positively with the MoAb
      345.134S were invasive for embryonic chick skin and formed tumors in nude mice.
      The selection medium used during culture of the carcinogen-treated cells resulted
      in the appearance of an altered phenotype that after at least 16 population
      doublings exhibited characteristics common to those cells derived from human
      sarcomas.

PMID- 3374510
TI  - Human cell transformation in the study of sunlight-induced cancers in the skin of
      man.
AB  - Human cell transformation provides a powerful approach to understanding--at the
      cellular and molecular levels--induction of cancers in the skin of man. A
      principal approach to this problem is the direct transformation of human skin
      cells by exposure to ultraviolet and/or near-UV radiation. The frequency of human
      cells transformed to anchorage independence increases with radiation exposure;
      the relative transforming efficiencies of different wavelengths implies that
      direct absorption by nucleic acids is a primary initial event. Partial reversal
      of potential transforming lesions by photoreactivation suggests that pyrimidine
      dimers, as well as other lesions, are important in UV transformation of human
      cells. Human cells can also be transformed by transfection with cloned oncogenes,
      or with DNAs from tumors or tumor cell lines. Cells treated by the transfection
      procedure (but without DNA) or cells transfected with DNAs from normal mammalian
      cells or tissues show only background levels of transformation. Human cells can
      be transformed to anchorage-independent growth by DNAs ineffective in
      transformation of NIH 3T3 cells (including most human skin cancers), permitting
      the analysis of oncogenic molecular changes even in tumor DNAs difficult or
      impossible to analyze in rodent cell systems.

PMID- 3374511
TI  - Macromolecular changes accompanying immortalization and tumorigenic conversion in
      a human fibroblast model system.
AB  - Mutagenesis of a diploid human fibroblast strain, KD, with the chemical
      carcinogen 4 nitroquinolin-1-oxide led to the isolation of stably immortalized
      neoplastic substrains. Four of these transformed strains, HuT-11, -12, -13, and 
      14, have been characterized in great detail with regard to morphology and changes
      in gene expression from the parental KD strain. The HuT-11, -12 and -13
      substrains are immortalized and non-tumorigenic, in contrast to HuT-14 which is
      both immortalized and tumorigenic. The HuT-14 substrain expresses a defective
      beta-actin as a consequence of a point mutation in 1 of the 2 functional beta
      actin alleles. All 4 HuT strains have induced expression of the phosphoprotein
      plastin and 2 EGF-related polypeptides, and down-regulated expression of the
      transformation-sensitive tropomyosin isoforms. KD and HuT cells expressing high
      levels of exogenous mutant beta-actin after gene transfection show morphological
      alterations. HuT-12 transfectants with excessive mutant beta-actin expression
      exhibit an elevated tumorigenic potential and tropomyosin-isoform switching
      characteristic of the tumorigenic HuT-14 strain.

PMID- 3374512
TI  - A statistical analysis for the mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay.
AB  - This paper illustrates the usefulness of solvent control trials and presents a
      statistical analysis for mouse L5178Y lymphoma data. Examination of solvent
      control trials establishes that the natural logarithm of mutant frequency is
      approximately normally distributed and that both the mean and variance of mutant
      frequency vary by trial. There is little evidence of downturns at higher doses in
      the dose-response curves studied; therefore, a trend test is proposed for the
      detection of an increasing dose-response curve. A Monte Carlo investigation
      confirms that the proposed trend test is better able to detect an increasing dose
      response than 4 alternate methods of analysis.

PMID- 3374513
TI  - Motor unit estimates in the biceps-brachialis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - A newly developed technique for estimating the number of motor units in the
      biceps-brachialis muscles and for studying the innervation patterns of motor
      units in the same muscles has been applied to the study of 17 patients with
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although severe motor unit losses were seen
      in many ALS cases, in most there were clear indications of increases in
      innervation densities, linked potentials, and blocking. This technique provides a
      powerful new tool for quantitatively assessing the extent of motor unit losses
      and the accompanying changes in innervation patterns in ALS.

PMID- 3374514
TI  - Methods for estimating numbers of motor units in biceps-brachialis muscles and
      losses of motor units with aging.
AB  - This paper presents a new method, here applied to the biceps-brachialis muscles,
      for estimating motor unit numbers in healthy subjects. This method combines
      isometric contraction, intramuscular needle electrode recordings, and spike
      triggered averaging techniques to measure the sizes of motor unit potentials as
      recorded in the innervation zone with surface electrodes. The number of motor
      units is then estimated by division of the maximum biceps-brachialis "M"
      potential recorded with the same surface electrodes and evoked by supramaximal
      stimulation of the musculocutaneous nerve, by the mean of at least 10 surface
      recorded motor unit potentials. The requisite intramuscular recordings provide
      additional information as to innervation density, incidence of linked potentials,
      and impulse blocking, phenomena that are particularly common in neurogenic and
      myogenic disorders. There was clear evidence of losses of motor units in older
      subjects: subjects over 60 years of age having approximately half the numbers of
      motor units of subjects under 60 years of age.

PMID- 3374515
TI  - Hypoglossal nerve conduction in normal subjects.
AB  - A nerve conduction method is demonstrated for cranial nerve XII, the hypoglossal
      nerve. Submandibular surface stimulation is performed while recording over the
      anterior surface of the tongue. There were 30 normal adult subjects and 60
      hypoglossal nerves studied. Evoked response parameters are reported as follows:
      mean latency 2.2 +/- 0.4 msec, mean amplitude 3.8 +/- 1.6 mV (baseline to peak,
      best of 5 responses). This nerve conduction method is reliable and should expand
      the electrophysiological assessment of XII cranial nerve motor function.

PMID- 3374516
TI  - Halothane-caffeine contracture testing in neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - The association of malignant hyperthermia (MH) with neuromuscular disorders has
      been recognized since 1970. These disorders include central core disease,
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonia congenita, myotonic dystrophy, nonspecific
      myopathies, and King-Denborough syndrome. In order to assess the anesthetic risk
      of MH in the neuromuscular population, we performed halothane and caffeine
      contracture testing for MH susceptibility on biopsied muscle removed from 25
      consecutive neuromuscular patients during diagnostic evaluation. Positive
      contracture tests were found in 7 of 18 patients with myopathic disorders and 3
      of 7 patients with neurogenic disorders. Two of our patients had anesthetic
      events suggesting MH. These findings suggest that myopathic and neuropathic
      disorders share pathogenic mechanisms with MH, resulting in positive contracture
      tests and possibly leading to clinical events during anesthesia. Although there
      is controversy regarding the interpretation of a positive contracture test,
      contracture testing remains the most widely accepted test for MH susceptibility.
      Thus, a variety of neuromuscular disorders may be associated with MH
      susceptibility, and caution should be exercised during anesthesia in this group
      of patients.

PMID- 3374517
TI  - Effects of immobilization on rat hind limb muscles under non-weight-bearing
      conditions.
AB  - Dorsiflexion of one unloaded hind limb caused hypertrophy of the soleus relative
      to weight-bearing controls and faster growth of the plantaris and gastrocnemius
      muscles relative to the contralateral freely moving muscles. Unloading of the
      soleus muscle diminished primarily myofibrillar proteins whereas stretching
      increased all proteins. Stretching the soleus increased RNA, accelerated,
      especially, in vitro synthesis of sarcoplasmic proteins, and diminished in vitro
      proteolysis. Both in vivo and in vitro results showed slower synthesis and faster
      degradation in the freely moving than in the weight-bearing soleus muscle, faster
      synthesis and slower degradation in the stretched than in the freely moving
      soleus muscle, and faster degradation in the stretched than in the weight-bearing
      soleus muscle. Hence, stretching of the soleus muscle prevented changes in mass
      and protein metabolism produced by unloading. Shortening of the extensor
      digitorum longus muscle produced less muscle growth, slowed in vitro protein
      synthesis, and lowered RNA relative to the contralateral, freely moving muscle.

PMID- 3374519
TI  - The membrane lipid and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte ghosts from three
      patients with paramyotonia congenita.
AB  - The membrane lipid and fatty acid composition of red blood cell ghosts from three
      paramyotonia patients was investigated. Cholesterol and total phospholipid
      contents were not different from the controls, but the sphingomyelin content was
      reduced, and this was compensated for by an increase in phosphatidylcholine.
      Thus, the molar ratios of phosphatidylcholine/sphingomyelin and
      phophatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine were greater than normal. The
      saturated fatty acids in the total phospholipids were increased so that the ratio
      of saturated/unsaturated fatty acids was 1.4-1.6 versus 1.1-1.2 in the controls.
      The polyunsaturated fatty acids comprised only 22-26% of the fatty acids versus
      31-32% in controls. The reduction in content of unsaturated fatty acids concerned
      all phospholipid classes in one patient and only the choline phospholipids in the
      tow other patients who were related to each other. The pattern of the fatty acids
      in the C2-position of the glycerophospholipids reflected the finding in the total
      phospholipids. Thus, an alteration of the activity of the acyl-CoA: 1-mono
      acylphosphoglyceride-acyltransferase seems unlikely. The results support the
      notion of a generalized membrane defect in paramyotonia congenita, although the
      degree of abnormality in the fatty acid pattern was not correlated with the
      severity of the clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3374518
TI  - Entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at its point of exit from the flexor
      carpi ulnaris muscle.
AB  - The ulnar nerve normally enters the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) proximally and
      anteriorly between the humeral and ulnar heads of the muscle. After an
      intramuscular course of several centimeters, the nerve exits the FCU distally to
      lie in a tissue plane between the FCU and the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). A
      patient with ulnar neuropathy studied by intraoperative electroneurography
      demonstrated major focal conduction block at the point where the nerve exited the
      FCU. A fivefold increase in amplitude and reversal of a dispersed, irregular
      compound muscle action potential to a more normal configuration occurred with
      stimulation just distal to the point of exit. There was no evidence by
      inspection, probing, or electroneurography of compression in the retrocondylar
      groove or at the cubital tunnel. In a series of 100 cadaver dissections, the
      intermuscular septum between FCU and FDP was thick and tough in several
      specimens. This septum may represent a site of ulnar nerve entrapment.

PMID- 3374520
TI  - Spinal irradiation does not inhibit distal axonal sprouting.
AB  - In an attempt to determine the relative importance of the nerve cell body and of
      the axon in initiating and controlling axonal regeneration, nerve cell bodies
      were irradiated and the ability of the distal axon to sprout was examined. Mice
      were subjected to either 25 or 50 Gray (Gy) of x-irradiation localized to the
      lumbar spinal cord. After times varying from 1 day to 6 months after irradiation,
      a sublethal dose of botulinum toxin (BoTx) was injected into the calf muscles of
      one leg. The soleus muscle was examined histologically after times varying from 1
      week to 6 months after injection, and BoTx-induced ultraterminal axonal sprouting
      was assessed by the number of motor endplates showing sprouts, the length of the
      sprouts, and the long term endplate morphology. Apart from some irradiated
      subgroups having slightly shorter sprout lengths, no significant differences were
      found between irradiated and nonirradiated groups. The results suggest either
      that the processes in the nerve cell body responsible for initiating and
      supporting axonal growth are resistant to large doses of irradiation, or that
      growth regulatory mechanisms in the distal axon are under local control.

PMID- 3374521
TI  - False positive electrodiagnostic tests in carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - Of 50 normal subjects, 23 (46%) had at least one false positive electrodiagnostic
      test for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). There were 30% of the subjects who
      exhibited an abnormal median to ulnar sensory amplitude ratio of less than 1.1.
      In 7 subjects 8 extremities (14%) revealed prolonged residual latencies, and 4
      extremities in 4 subjects (8%) had a difference of 0.4 msec between the median
      and ulnar palmar sensory latencies. The results of this study indicate that
      certain reported criteria for CTS are abnormal in a high percentage of normal
      subjects, thereby making them of limited value in the diagnosis of CTS. Of all
      the criteria studied, it appears that the comparison of the median to ulnar
      sensory latency across the carpal tunnel is of greatest potential value. However,
      even here a more conservative difference of 0.5 msec between median and ulnar
      nerves must be used to avoid false positive tests for CTS.

PMID- 3374522
TI  - Aspergillus niger associated with mycotic abortion in a buffalo (Bubalus
      bubalis).

PMID- 3374523
TI  - [Effects of ketoconazole on the immune system. III. In vitro testing of
      ketoconazole and therapy follow-up in chronic dermatophytoses].

PMID- 3374524
TI  - Most proteins, including fructose bisphosphate aldolase, are stable in the
      procyclic trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - Procyclic Trypanosoma brucei were labelled with [35S]methionine, then incubated
      for up to 2 days in medium containing excess unlabelled methionine under
      conditions suitable for exponential growth. Neither fructose bisphosphate
      aldolase, a glycosomal enzyme, nor any of the major labelled proteins showed any
      detectable degradation.

PMID- 3374525
TI  - Chromosome size variation in the malaria parasite of rodents, Plasmodium
      chabaudi.
AB  - Pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis has been used to identify at least 10
      large DNA fragments in the genome of the rodent malaria species Plasmodium
      chabaudi. The fragments range in size from approximately 650 to 5000 kb. All the
      fragments contain sequences homologous to a P. berghei telomere probe, suggesting
      that they represent intact chromosomes. Ribosomal RNA genes and P. chabaudi cDNA
      sequences have been mapped to specific fragments. The fragments vary in size in
      different cloned isolates of the parasite. In a cross between two cloned
      parasites differing in the sizes of chromosomes 4 and 5, independent segregation
      of each chromosome occurred during meiosis.

PMID- 3374526
TI  - Role of mannose/N-acetylglucosamine receptors in blood clearance and cellular
      attachment of Leishmania donovani.
AB  - The effects of glycoproteins and neoglycoproteins specific for liver and
      macrophage membrane lectins on both the cellular attachment and the clearance of
      Leishmania donovani from hamster blood were investigated. Although the inhibition
      pattern of in vitro cellular attachment studies indicates the involvement of both
      galactose and mannose/N-acetylglucosamine receptors, the in vivo blood clearance
      of the parasites was inhibited only by glycoproteins and neoglycoproteins
      specific for mannose/N-acetylglucosamine receptors. The inhibitory effects on
      blood clearance were abolished by pretreating the parasites with tunicamycin, an
      inhibitor of protein glycosylation. These results indicate that the mannose/N
      acetylglucosamine hepatic lectin recognizes specific sugars on the parasite
      surface and is important to the promastigote during the early stages of
      infection.

PMID- 3374528
TI  - Decreased gastrin secretion in patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia.
AB  - We undertook this study to determine whether patients with late-onset
      hypogammaglobulinemia, who are at very high risk for gastric cancer, have a
      reduced secretion of gastrin after stimulation with food or bombesin, a potent
      gastrin-releasing stimulus. We compared the plasma gastrin responses to bombesin
      and to a standard test meal in 18 patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia
      with those in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, early-onset
      hypogammaglobulinemia, or hypogammaglobulinemia due to lymphoproliferative
      cancer, and in 30 normal control subjects. Thirteen of 18 patients with late
      onset hypogammaglobulinemia (72 percent) had an abnormally low gastrin response
      to bombesin, as compared with none of 21 patients with other forms of
      hypogammaglobulinemia (P less than 0.05). After a test meal, abnormally low
      gastrin secretion was found in 6 of 14 patients with late-onset
      hypogammaglobulinemia (43 percent) and in 1 of 18 patients with other forms of
      the disease (6 percent) (P not significant). The plasma gastrin responses to
      stimulation with bombesin or food distinguished late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia
      from other forms, with sensitivities of 72 and 43 percent and specificities of
      100 and 94 percent, respectively. Stimulated gastrin response can therefore be
      used as a marker for this type of immunodeficiency. The test responses also
      showed heterogeneity among patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinemia and may
      help to identify patients with an increased risk for gastric cancer.

PMID- 3374527
TI  - Phylogeny of Onchocerca volvulus and related species deduced from rRNA sequence
      comparisons.
AB  - A rapid, direct method for determining the partial nucleotide sequence of large
      subunit ribosomal RNA was adapted and applied to a group of helminth parasites.
      Small samples of total, unfractionated cellular RNA isolated from each organism
      were analysed and the nucleotide sequences of equivalent portions of the large
      subunit ribosomal RNA compared. The data obtained were used to construct a
      phylogenetic tree showing the evolutionary relationships within this group of
      organisms.

PMID- 3374529
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 24-1988. A 32-year-old woman with recurrent pneumothorax.

PMID- 3374530
TI  - Should auscultation be rehabilitated?

PMID- 3374531
TI  - Critical care medicine--a new specialty?

PMID- 3374533
TI  - Coping with AIDS.

PMID- 3374532
TI  - Epidemiology of diabetes and its complications.

PMID- 3374534
TI  - Successful smoking bans.

PMID- 3374535
TI  - Does hospital mortality predict quality?

PMID- 3374536
TI  - Academic sanctions against South African psychiatrists by the Royal College of
      Psychiatrists.

PMID- 3374537
TI  - Animal research at Stanford University. Principles, policies, and practices.

PMID- 3374538
TI  - Partial monosomy 21, diminished activity of superoxide dismutase, and pulmonary
      oxygen toxicity.

PMID- 3374539
TI  - Our readers vote for the news embargo.

PMID- 3374540
TI  - Do physicians have an obligation to treat patients with AIDS?

PMID- 3374541
TI  - The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder.

PMID- 3374542
TI  - Gatekeepers and cost-containers in HMOs.

PMID- 3374543
TI  - Sudden infant death syndrome and water beds.

PMID- 3374544
TI  - Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of
      anemia or macrocytosis.
AB  - Among 141 consecutive patients with neuro-psychiatric abnormalities due to
      cobalamin deficiency, we found that 40 (28 percent) had no anemia or
      macrocytosis. The hematocrit was normal in 34, the mean cell volume was normal in
      25, and both tests were normal in 19. Characteristic features in such patients
      included paresthesia, sensory loss, ataxia, dementia, and psychiatric disorders;
      longstanding neurologic symptoms without anemia; normal white-cell and platelet
      counts and serum bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase levels; and markedly
      elevated serum concentrations of methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine. Serum
      cobalamin levels were above 150 pmol per liter (200 pg per milliliter) in 2
      patients, between 75 and 150 pmol per liter (100 and 200 pg per milliliter) in
      16, and below 75 pmol per liter (100 pg per milliliter) in only 22. Except for
      one patient who died during the first week of treatment, every patient in this
      group benefited from cobalamin therapy. Responses included improvement in
      neuropsychiatric abnormalities (39 of 39), improvement (often within the normal
      range) in one or more hematologic findings (36 of 39), and a decrease of more
      than 50 percent in levels of serum methylmalonic acid, total homocysteine, or
      both (31 of 31). We conclude that neuropsychiatric disorders due to cobalamin
      deficiency occur commonly in the absence of anemia or an elevated mean cell
      volume and that measurements of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine
      both before and after treatment are useful in the diagnosis of these patients.

PMID- 3374545
TI  - An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment.

PMID- 3374546
TI  - Cobalamin and the nervous system.

PMID- 3374547
TI  - Ethics of life support and resuscitation.

PMID- 3374548
TI  - More on "safe sex".

PMID- 3374549
TI  - Racial differences in care of patients with hemophilia.

PMID- 3374550
TI  - Spring-loaded lancets.

PMID- 3374551
TI  - The gentle art of swallowing pills.

PMID- 3374552
TI  - The role of the anaesthetic nurse in obstetric anaesthesia.

PMID- 3374553
TI  - Peri-operative care of a patient undergoing caesarean section.

PMID- 3374554
TI  - Paediatric adenotonsillectomy.

PMID- 3374556
TI  - Pre- and post-operative visiting in the Royal Hallamshire Hospital.

PMID- 3374555
TI  - Theatre nursing American style: the role of the American paediatric theatre
      nurse.

PMID- 3374557
TI  - IAEA's verdict on Chernobyl.

PMID- 3374558
TI  - Legasov's indictment of Chernobyl management.

PMID- 3374559
TI  - Nicotine addiction.

PMID- 3374560
TI  - Developing countries plan to displace Blix at IAEA.

PMID- 3374561
TI  - Dengue fever threat.

PMID- 3374562
TI  - Kangaroo aid.

PMID- 3374563
TI  - New tests for spotting AIDS.

PMID- 3374564
TI  - Life begins at...

PMID- 3374565
TI  - Visual texture perception. Features and spatial filters.

PMID- 3374566
TI  - DNA fingerprinting and 'scientific' whaling.

PMID- 3374567
TI  - Identification of protein kinases by computer.

PMID- 3374568
TI  - Lod score or log-likelihood?

PMID- 3374569
TI  - Early vision and texture perception.
AB  - Texture perception has frequently been studied using textures constructed by
      repeated placement of micropatterns or texture elements. Theories have been
      developed to explain the discriminability of such textures in terms of specific
      features within the micropatterns themselves. For example, Beck observed that a
      region filled with vertical Ts is readily distinguished from one filled with
      tilted Ts but not from one filled with vertical Ls. He attributed this to the
      different distribution of oriented line segments present in the former case but
      not in the latter. However, Bergen and Julesz found that a region of randomly
      oriented Xs segregated from one filled with randomly oriented Ls, in spite of the
      identical distribution of oriented line segments in the two cases. They suggested
      that this discrimination might be based on the density of such features as
      terminators, corners, and intersections within the patterns. We note here that
      simpler, lower-level mechanisms tuned for size may be sufficient to explain this
      discrimination. We tested this by varying the relative sizes of the Xs and the
      Ls; when they produce equal responses in size-tuned mechanisms they are hard to
      discriminate, and when they produce different size-tuned responses they are easy
      to discriminate.

PMID- 3374570
TI  - Computing texture boundaries from images.
AB  - Recent computational and psychological theories of human texture vision assert
      that texture discrimination is based on first-order differences in geometric and
      luminance attributes of texture elements, called 'textons'. Significant
      differences in the density, orientation, size, or contrast of line segments or
      other small features in an image have been shown to cause immediate perception of
      texture boundaries. However, the psychological theories, which are based on the
      perception of synthetic images composed of lines and symbols, neglect two
      important issues. First, how can textons be computed from grey-level images of
      natural scenes? And second, how, exactly, can texture boundaries be found? Our
      analysis of these two issues has led to an algorithm that is fully implemented
      and which successfully detects boundaries in natural images. We propose that
      blobs computed by a centre-surround operator are useful as texture elements, and
      that a simple non-parametric statistic can be used to compare local distributions
      of blob attributes to locate texture boundaries. Although designed for natural
      images, our computation agrees with some psychophysical findings, in particular,
      those of Adelson and Bergen (described in the preceding article), which cast
      doubt on the hypothesis that line segment crossings or termination points are
      textons.

PMID- 3374571
TI  - A cellular analogue of visual cortical plasticity.
AB  - Neuronal activity plays an important role in the development of the visual
      pathway. The modulation of synaptic transmission by temporal correlation between
      pre- and postsynaptic activity is one mechanism which could underly visual
      cortical plasticity. We report here that functional changes in single neurons of
      area 17, analogous to those known to take place during epigenesis of visual
      cortex, can be induced experimentally during the time of recording. This was done
      by a differential pairing procedure, during which iontophoresis was used to
      artificially increase the visual response for a given stimulus, and to decrease
      (or block) the response for a second stimulus which differed in ocularity or
      orientation. Long-term modifications in ocular dominance and orientation
      selectivity were produced in 33% and 43% of recorded cells respectively. Neuronal
      selectivity was nearly always displaced towards the stimulus paired with the
      reinforced visual response. The largest changes were obtained at the peak of the
      critical period in normally reared and visually deprived kittens, but changes
      were also observed in adults. Our findings support the role of temporal
      correlation between pre- and postsynaptic activity in the induction of long
      lasting modifications of synaptic transmission during development, and in
      associative learning.

PMID- 3374572
TI  - Control of neuronal fate by the Drosophila segmentation gene even-skipped.
AB  - The central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable diversity of cell types.
      The molecular basis for generating this neuronal diversity is poorly understood.
      Much is known, however, about the regulatory genes which control segmentation and
      segment identity during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Interestingly, most of
      the segmentation and homoeotic genes in Drosophila, as well as many of their
      vertebrate homologues, are expressed during the development of the nervous system
      (for example, ref. 3). Are these genes involved in specifying the identity of
      individual neurons during neurogenesis, just as they specify the identity of
      cells during segmentation? We previously described the CNS expression of the
      segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) and showed that ftz CNS expression is
      involved in the determination of an identified neuron. Here we show that another
      segmentation gene, even-skipped (eve), is expressed in a different but
      overlapping subset of neurons. Temperature-sensitive inactivation of the eve
      protein during neurogenesis alters the fate of two of these neurons. Our results
      indicate that the nuclear protein products of the eve and ftz segmentation genes
      are components of the mechanism controlling cell fate during neuronal
      development.

PMID- 3374573
TI  - Animal rights activists raise a storm in California.

PMID- 3374574
TI  - Hughes Institute to benefit minorities.

PMID- 3374575
TI  - US in vitro fertilization in limbo according to OTA.

PMID- 3374576
TI  - Access to journals.

PMID- 3374577
TI  - Risks of AIDS.

PMID- 3374578
TI  - Viral receptors and drug design.

PMID- 3374579
TI  - Human AIDS virus not from monkeys.

PMID- 3374580
TI  - Effects of microwaves on cells and molecules.

PMID- 3374581
TI  - Training the brain using neural-network models.

PMID- 3374582
TI  - Incubation period of AIDS in haemophiliacs.

PMID- 3374583
TI  - Inheritance of insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 3374584
TI  - Structure of the influenza virus haemagglutinin complexed with its receptor,
      sialic acid.
AB  - The three-dimensional structures of influenza virus haemagglutinins complexed
      with cell receptor analogues show sialic acids bound to a pocket of conserved
      amino acids surrounded by antibody-binding sites. Sialic acid fills the conserved
      pocket, demonstrating that it is the influenza virus receptor. The proximity of
      the antibody-binding sites suggests that antibodies neutralize virus infectivity
      by preventing virus-to-cell binding. The structures suggest approaches to the
      design of anti-viral drugs that could block attachment of viruses to cells.

PMID- 3374585
TI  - Network model of shape-from-shading: neural function arises from both receptive
      and projective fields.
AB  - It is not known how the visual system is organized to extract information about
      shape from the continuous gradations of light and dark found on shaded surfaces
      of three-dimensional objects. To investigate this question, we used a learning
      algorithm to construct a neural network model which determines surface curvatures
      from images of simple geometrical surfaces. The receptive fields developed by
      units in the network were surprisingly similar to the actual receptive fields of
      neurons observed in the visual cortex which are commonly believed to be 'edge' or
      'bar' detectors, but have never previously been associated with shading. Thus,
      our study illustrates the difficulty of trying to deduce neuronal function solely
      from determination of their receptive fields. It is also important to consider
      the connections a neuron makes with other neurons in subsequent stages of
      processing, which we call its 'projective field'.

PMID- 3374587
TI  - Demonstration of somatic mutation and colonic crypt clonality by X-linked enzyme
      histochemistry.
AB  - Cellular mosaicism resulting from X-chromosome inactivation in heterozygous
      females can be shown histochemically; using this approach we have demonstrated
      age-related gene reactivation and tumour clonality. We now show in female mice
      heterozygous for reduced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
      activity that colonic epithelial cells express either normal or low enzyme
      activity, and form patches composed of multiple crypts of uniform phenotype. We
      also show that a low-enzyme colonic epithelial cell phenotype can be induced in
      normal mice by carcinogen treatment, these cells again occur in patches, but are
      restricted to scattered single crypts, the frequency of which is related to
      treatment. A small proportion of colonic tumours in carcinogen treated normal
      mice are also of low-enzyme phenotype. We conclude that we have visualized the
      effects of a sporadic carcinogen induced somatic mutation in the G6PD gene of
      crypt stem cells and that a single stem cell maintains each colonic crypt. This
      inducible defective activity of a ubiquitous 'housekeeping' enzyme provides a
      somatic clonal marker system of wide potential application.

PMID- 3374588
TI  - Chemical probing of homopurine-homopyrimidine mirror repeats in supercoiled DNA.
AB  - We have recently shown that under superhelical stress and/or acid pH the
      homopurine-homopyrimidine tracts conforming to the mirror symmetry (H
      palindromes) form a novel DNA structure, the H form. According to our model, the
      H form includes (1) a triplex formed by half of the purine strand and by the
      homopyrimidine hairpin and (2) the unstructured other half of the purine strand.
      We used four specially designed sequences to demonstrate that, in accordance with
      our model, the mirror symmetry is essential for facile formation of the H form
      detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Here we report that, under
      conditions favouring the H-form extrusion, guanines of the 3' half of the purine
      strand are protected against alkylation by dimethylsulphate, whereas adenines of
      the 5' half of the purine strand react with diethyl pyrocarbonate. These data
      indicate that the 3' half of the homopurine strand is within the triplex whereas
      the 5' half is unstructured, in full agreement with our model.

PMID- 3374589
TI  - New ways with drugs.

PMID- 3374586
TI  - Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkey, a new member
      of the HIV/SIV group.
AB  - Some wild African green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a
      retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) without having any
      apparent symptoms of an AIDS-like disease. This simian immunodeficiency virus,
      designated SIVAGM, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity
      of HIV. Some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from
      African green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of SIVMAC (SIV
      from a rhesus macaque) Here we report the complete DNA sequence of authentic
      SIVAGM, which was isolated from a naturally infected African green monkey of
      Kenyan origin. Comparison of the genome of SIVAGM with those of known HIV/SIVs
      indicates that the virus is a new simian lentivirus that is approximately equally
      distantly related to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in contrast to SIVMAC, which is much closer
      to HIV-2 than to HIV-1 (refs 5, 9).

PMID- 3374590
TI  - Academy and presidential panel issue AIDS reports.

PMID- 3374591
TI  - AIDS prevalence in pregnant women in France cause for worry.

PMID- 3374592
TI  - French AIDS figures highest in Europe.

PMID- 3374593
TI  - Voluntary HIV test launched for women.

PMID- 3374595
TI  - Human Frontiers Science Program on table at Toronto summit.

PMID- 3374594
TI  - AIDS education could be working, but it is hard to tell.

PMID- 3374596
TI  - Out of the woods for Viennese molecular biology?

PMID- 3374597
TI  - Green beliefs.

PMID- 3374598
TI  - Estimating the incubation period for AIDS patients.

PMID- 3374599
TI  - The need for national HIV databases.
AB  - Researchers and public health officials involved in surveying and forecasting the
      course of the HIV epidemic require complete and unfiltered information from many
      sources. Governments should respond by establishing national HIV databases.

PMID- 3374601
TI  - Epidemiological parameters of HIV transmission.
AB  - Epidemiological data on the main determinants of the transmission potential of
      HIV-1 in specific at risk groups in slowly accumulating, but many uncertainties
      remain.

PMID- 3374600
TI  - Chimpanzees and AIDS research.
AB  - Pressure is mounting to relax the regulations on importation of chimpanzees for
      research. Such a policy is unnecessary and would deepen the plight of an already
      endangered species.

PMID- 3374602
TI  - A unique colour and polarization vision system in mantis shrimps.
AB  - The apposition compound eyes of mantis shrimps (stomatopods) are divided into
      three sections, the dorsal and ventral hemispheres and the midband. Many
      ommatidia of both hemispheres, and all those in the midband, sample the same
      narrow band in space. The function of the morphologically distinct midband region
      is not clear, but new evidence suggests that it may be adapted in a unique manner
      for colour and polarization vision. A series of carotenoid colour filters screen
      the photopigment and potentially provide a tetrachromatic input for contrast
      enhanced vision or true colour vision. The filters are blocks of coloured
      droplets (red, orange, yellow, purple, pink or blue) within the rhabdoms of two
      rows of midband ommatidia. The arrangement of tiered microvilli in two other
      midband rows suggests that they provide a unique form of polarization vision.

PMID- 3374603
TI  - Creating hybridomas by electrofusion.
AB  - Electromanipulation has long been used to form pores in cell membranes to
      transfect them with foreign DNA. Now, the technique has been extended to the
      preparation of hybridomas.

PMID- 3374604
TI  - Mandatory AIDS tests on basis 'of slight suspicion' in Bavaria.

PMID- 3374605
TI  - UK leukaemia study implicates nuclear reprocessing plants.

PMID- 3374606
TI  - Leishmaniasis resurgent in India.

PMID- 3374607
TI  - OSHA standards.

PMID- 3374608
TI  - Population biology: mechanisms of coexistence.

PMID- 3374609
TI  - Protein structure: the 14th barrel rolls out.

PMID- 3374610
TI  - Daedalus: internal sobriety.

PMID- 3374611
TI  - Right-handed longevity not so sinister after all?

PMID- 3374612
TI  - Syphilis in a Pleistocene bear?

PMID- 3374613
TI  - Getting sense out of sequence data.

PMID- 3374614
TI  - Crystal structure of enolase indicates that enolase and pyruvate kinase evolved
      from a common ancestor.
AB  - Enolase or 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase catalyses the dehydration of 2
      phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, which in turn is converted by pyruvate
      kinase to pyruvate. We describe here the crystallographic determination of the
      structure of yeast enolase at high resolution (2.25 A) and an analysis of the
      structural homology between enolase, pyruvate kinase and triose phosphate
      isomerase. Each of the two subunits of enolase forms two distinctive domains. The
      larger domain (residues 143-420) is a regular 8-fold beta/alpha-barrel, as first
      found in triose phosphate isomerase, and later in pyruvate kinase and 11 other
      functionally different enzymes. An analysis of the molecular geometries of
      enolase and pyruvate kinase based on the roughly 8-fold symmetry of the barrel
      showed a structural homology better than expected for proteins related by
      convergent evolution. We argue that enolase and pyruvate kinase have evolved from
      a common ancestral multifunctional enzyme which could process phosphoenolpyruvate
      in both directions along the glycolytic pathway. There is structural and sequence
      evidence that muconate lactonizing enzyme later evolved from enolase.

PMID- 3374616
TI  - Emergency medical technicians' exposure to AIDS and hepatitis. Current infection
      control practices in North Carolina.

PMID- 3374615
TI  - Requirement of hormone for thermal conversion of the glucocorticoid receptor to a
      DNA-binding state.
AB  - A central question arising from the model of eukaryotic gene regulation by
      steroid hormone receptors is whether or not proteins represent pre-existing gene
      regulatory proteins that are activated on exposure to the extracellular signal.
      It has been generally believed that the ligand-binding of steroid hormone
      receptors triggers an allosteric change in receptor structure, manifested by an
      increased affinity of the receptor for DNA in vitro and nuclear target elements
      in vivo, as monitored by nuclear translocation. But this model has been
      challenged by recent reports indicating that glucocorticoid and progesterone
      receptors bind specifically in vitro to target DNA sequences even in the absence
      of hormone. On the other hand, it appears that the hormone induces protection in
      vivo of the glucocorticoid response element of the tyrosine amino transferase
      gene. Here we show that under conditions permitting minimal in vitro
      manipulation, the steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor in crude cytosol
      associates with the hsp90 heat shock protein (relative molecular mass Mr
      approximately equal to 90,000) to form a large 300K complex, rather than the 94K
      liganded receptor monomer. More importantly, we have developed an assay to
      demonstrate the requirement of hormone to dissociate the 300K complex by heat
      treatment. Specific DNA-binding activity of the receptor becomes apparent in this
      process, showing that DNA binding occurs but is inhibited in the large
      heteromeric complex. We propose a model in which receptor function is repressed
      by association of the receptor with hsp90. Dissociation of this complex is
      induced by the binding of steroid and is apparently an irreversible process.

PMID- 3374617
TI  - Medicine--present and future.

PMID- 3374618
TI  - The North Carolina Medical Society--are we on the right track?

PMID- 3374619
TI  - I got sick on July twenty-five, two thousand.

PMID- 3374620
TI  - The rigidity of Blue Cross-Blue Shield leads to a ridiculous situation.

PMID- 3374621
TI  - On the danger of mandated generics.

PMID- 3374622
TI  - A reply to Dr. Gamble's letter.

PMID- 3374624
TI  - Bilateral proximal tibial osteonecrosis. A case of "deep knee bends".

PMID- 3374623
TI  - A comment on Dr. Halperin's article.

PMID- 3374626
TI  - Reflections on the care of patients with chronic crippling illness.

PMID- 3374625
TI  - Round up the usual suspects. Potassium bromate poisoning.

PMID- 3374627
TI  - How it is to be on the bed.

PMID- 3374629
TI  - The antivivisection movement: four comments on Dr. Sabiston's article.

PMID- 3374630
TI  - The Board of Medical Examiners explained.

PMID- 3374628
TI  - Of medicine and the breast.

PMID- 3374631
TI  - A comment on Dr. Mack's article.

PMID- 3374632
TI  - Hope I die before I lose social consciousness.

PMID- 3374634
TI  - Changing profiles of nurse executives.

PMID- 3374633
TI  - An interview with C. Everett Koop, MD: priorities of the Surgeon General.
      Interview by Hurdis Griffith.

PMID- 3374635
TI  - Hospital competition and hospital nursing.

PMID- 3374636
TI  - Writing a business plan.

PMID- 3374637
TI  - A professional development program: the resource network.

PMID- 3374638
TI  - Thinking administratively: a must for the effective nurse manager.

PMID- 3374639
TI  - [A nasal form of pigeon-fancier disease; a new disease entity].

PMID- 3374640
TI  - [The sprained ankle].

PMID- 3374641
TI  - [Toxicity of high doses of vitamin B6 and nicotinic acid].

PMID- 3374642
TI  - [Is vitamin supplementation appropriate for the elderly?].

PMID- 3374643
TI  - [Functional treatment of rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle].

PMID- 3374644
TI  - [Antimicrobial agents in primary health care: study of all family physicians in a
      medium-sized city].

PMID- 3374645
TI  - [Erythrocyte sedimentation; a study of the reproducibility of this test in family
      practice].

PMID- 3374646
TI  - [A patient with acute non-lymphatic leukemia 2 years after non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

PMID- 3374647
TI  - [Lithium].

PMID- 3374648
TI  - [The motility of the colon].

PMID- 3374649
TI  - [Jaundice, oliguria and fine spotty lung abnormalities in a patient with fever].

PMID- 3374650
TI  - [Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors].

PMID- 3374651
TI  - [Aspartame, a sweet alternative].

PMID- 3374653
TI  - [HIV infection among drug users in Amsterdam: prevalence and risk factors].

PMID- 3374652
TI  - [Hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and pregnancy outcome].

PMID- 3374654
TI  - [Incidence of cervix carcinoma in Curacao in the period 1973-1982].

PMID- 3374655
TI  - [The Dutch TIA study of the preventive action of very low doses acetylsalicylic
      acid and atenolol].

PMID- 3374656
TI  - [A closer look at the protocol].

PMID- 3374657
TI  - [The syndrome of painful legs with moving toes].

PMID- 3374658
TI  - ['Glands'].

PMID- 3374659
TI  - [Prevention of HLA alloimmunization due to platelet transfusion].

PMID- 3374660
TI  - [Breath-holding spells].

PMID- 3374662
TI  - [Sunlight and melanoma].

PMID- 3374661
TI  - [The Stop Snore].

PMID- 3374663
TI  - [A blood pressure cuff for everybody: a recommendation].

PMID- 3374664
TI  - [Dementia in Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 3374665
TI  - [Drugs for the treatment of arterial circulation disorders].

PMID- 3374666
TI  - [The stability of drugs with special attention to the doctor's bag and the
      apothecary of the family physician].

PMID- 3374667
TI  - [The current status of pediatric anesthesia].

PMID- 3374668
TI  - [The place of pulse oximetry in the monitoring of patients during surgery and in
      the intensive care unit].

PMID- 3374669
TI  - [Pulse oximetry in newborn infants].

PMID- 3374670
TI  - [Surveillance of whooping cough in Amsterdam via registration by sentinel family
      practices].

PMID- 3374671
TI  - [Registration of whooping cough in The Netherlands 1976-1986 and the need for a
      uniform definition of disease].

PMID- 3374672
TI  - [Information on whooping cough registration].

PMID- 3374673
TI  - [Follow-up examination following polypectomy].

PMID- 3374675
TI  - [Causes of failure in treating urologic disorders in children].

PMID- 3374674
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of children with urologic disorders].

PMID- 3374676
TI  - [Chronic fatigue syndrome; is there a connection with the Epstein-Barr virus?].

PMID- 3374677
TI  - [AIDS 1982-1987].

PMID- 3374678
TI  - [Paranasal sinus problems].

PMID- 3374679
TI  - [Antimycotic agents in generalized fungal infections].

PMID- 3374680
TI  - [The quantitative significance of alternative medicine in the eighties; a report
      by the National Public Health Council].

PMID- 3374681
TI  - [Adenotomy and tonsillectomy in children up to 15 years of age].

PMID- 3374682
TI  - [Functional endoscopic surgery of the paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 3374683
TI  - [Estimate of the number of tonsillectomies and adenotomies in children].

PMID- 3374684
TI  - [Hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder].

PMID- 3374685
TI  - [The course of arterial oxygen saturation in 2 anesthesia methods for
      (adeno)tonsillectomy in children].

PMID- 3374687
TI  - [Ergotamine; from headache to heartache].

PMID- 3374686
TI  - [Anesthesia technics for adenotomy and (adeno)tonsillectomy in children under 15
      in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3374688
TI  - [Tuberculosis and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus].

PMID- 3374689
TI  - [The geriatric patient in the hospital, whose concern?].

PMID- 3374690
TI  - [Treatment of hypertension: how low should the pressure be?].

PMID- 3374691
TI  - [A second opinion?].

PMID- 3374692
TI  - [Pruritus ani; an irritating problem].

PMID- 3374693
TI  - [Minor symptoms in family medicine; dacryostenosis in infants].

PMID- 3374695
TI  - [Contact eczema caused by surgical gloves].

PMID- 3374696
TI  - [The congenitally short palate].

PMID- 3374694
TI  - [Prevention of diaper dermatitis and the influence of the diaper used].

PMID- 3374697
TI  - [Life-threatening contact urticaria due to glove powder].

PMID- 3374698
TI  - [A patient with a peripheral arterial embolism and pseudomitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 3374699
TI  - [Chronic maxillary sinusitis and the potential role of the allergic reaction of
      the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3374700
TI  - [Runners and dead-enders].

PMID- 3374701
TI  - [A Microsporum canis epidemic in a rural area of Groningen].

PMID- 3374702
TI  - [Jaundice, oliguria and fine-spotted lung disorders in a patient with fever].

PMID- 3374703
TI  - Cancer registry data: actuarial survival estimation in lung cancer patients.
AB  - Using the Kaplan-Meier method, actuarial survival data were estimated in cancer
      patients registered in the Cancer Registry of Health Institute of Uranium
      Industry during 1976-1983, and in those followed up for 3 years and longer after
      the initiation of their treatment. Due to the specificity of this registry, a
      more detailed analysis was feasible in 639 lung cancer men. The estimated
      probabilities of survival over 5 and 10 years respectively, were: In all lung
      cancers 0.10 and 0.08, in all Stage I and II lung cancers 0.24 and 0.20, of them
      in epidermoid carcinomas 0.31 and 0.25, in radically operated tumors 0.51 and
      0.43, of them in epidermoid carcinomas 0.54 and 0.45 respectively. The results
      confirmed the principal importance of early diagnosis of bronchogenic cancer,
      especially of epidermoid carcinoma, at a resectable stage.

PMID- 3374704
TI  - Tobacco smoking and exposure to dust and gas pollution in the place of work and
      lung cancer risk.
AB  - A case-control study has been applied to analyze lung cancer risk, isolating four
      histopathological groups: differentiated forms of cancer (most often carcinoma
      planoepitheliale and adenocarcinoma), undifferentiated carcinomas (mainly
      carcinoma microcellulare and solidum), cancers histologically undeterminated
      (carcinoma) and cancers not verified histologically, but confirmes radiologically
      and clinically. 210 patients have been compared with the group of 420 men not
      suffering from any form of cancer. The results of the undertaken attempt to
      evaluate lung cancers in relation to certain etiological factors (conditions in
      the microenvironment of the place of work and tobacco smoking) showed that the
      influence of tobacco smoking (independently of the kind of tobacco and the form
      of smoking) on lung cancer incidence was more and more firmly established, and
      the frequency of incidence increased with the length of the period of smoking.
      Tobacco smokers and those simultaneously exposed to various dusts and dusts with
      gases in their microenvironment of the place of work were characterized by higher
      lung cancer risk (in fact independently on the histological form of the
      neoplasms), as compared to nonsmokers and those never exposed to air pollution.

PMID- 3374705
TI  - Effect of fluororotic acid on the sialylation of the chicken liver, hepatoma MC
      29 and serum glycoconjugates.
AB  - Fluororotic acid, an orotic acid analogue which interferes with the nucleotide
      and RNA biosynthesis, was tested to determine its effect on: a) 14C-glucosamine
      and 14C-N-acetylmannosamine incorporation into acid-soluble nucleotide-sugars and
      into b) glycoconjugates from chicken liver and hepatoma induced by the avian
      leukosis strain Mc-29. In vivo metabolism studies indicated that this agent
      alters the nucleotide biosynthesis in both tissues investigated and causes a
      decrease in the sialylation rate of liver, hepatoma and serum glycolipids and
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 3374706
TI  - Hyperthermia blocks reversibility of hydroxyurea and bipyridine induced
      synergistic inhibition of DNA biosynthesis in P388 murine leukemia cells.
AB  - The influence of hyperthermia (42 degrees C) on the reversibility of hydroxyurea-
      and the iron-chelator 2,2'-bipyridine-induced synergistic inhibition of DNA
      biosynthesis was studied in intact P388 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells in
      vitro. The cytotoxicity caused by hydroxyurea alone and in combination with
      bipyridine for 3 h at 37 degrees C and 42 degrees C was found to be completely
      reversible. However, the inhibition of DNA biosynthesis was irreversible when
      hydroxyurea- and iron-chelate-treated and washed cells at 37 degrees C were
      subjected to hyperthermia at 42 degrees C. A potentiation in DNA biosynthesis was
      also observed when the P388 cells were subjected to hyperthermia along with the
      combination of hydroxyurea and 2,2'-bipyridine. These effects are probably due to
      the heat-sensitive nature of the ribonucleotide reductase enzyme, the target site
      of the effect of hydroxyurea and 2,2'-bipyridine.

PMID- 3374707
TI  - Decrease in intensity of DNA fluorescence caused by interaction between DNA and
      platinum complexes.
AB  - The decrease of DNA fluorescence caused by an impaired capacity of ethidium
      bromide to intercalate into the DNA reflected structural changes caused in the
      DNA molecule by its interaction with platinum complexes. This fall in DNA
      fluorescence was proportional to the length of exposure of DNA to the platinum
      complexes, and depended on the environment in which the interaction took place.
      The therapeutically active cisplatinum (cis-DDP) was more efficient to inhibit
      fluorescence in a solution of 4 X 10(-3) mol NaCl than its therapeutically
      inactive trans-isomer (trans-DDP). For comparison, the inhibition of DNA
      fluorescence was also studied in a solution of 10(-2) mol NaClO4. The inhibitory
      effect was elicited more rapidly, but no difference was found between the two
      isomers. We concluded that the larger effect of cis-DDP on DNA was induced by the
      4 X 10(-3) mol concentration of NaCl. Since also the intracellular concentration
      of chloride ions is 4 X 10(-3) mol, it cannot be ruled out that the interaction
      between DNA and cis-DDP and trans-DDP in vivo might be influenced by the
      intracellular environment.

PMID- 3374708
TI  - The study of cytotoxic effect of benfluron.
AB  - The efficiency of benfluron (B-F) was measured by determining the inhibition of
      cell proliferation in HeLa and V/79 cells. B-F induced an acute cytotoxic
      reaction in dependency on the concentration applied. A biphasic unbalanced growth
      was an integral part of this reaction. In connection with the decrease in cell
      proliferation which followed B-F treatment at micromolar concentrations, the
      protein:cell volume ratios increased while at nanomolar concentrations decreased.
      These variations must be taken into account when expressing and interpreting the
      results of cell metabolism. The glucose and amino acid metabolism of treated V/79
      cells differed markedly when expressed as a function of cell number or as
      function of protein content per cell.

PMID- 3374709
TI  - The mechanism of cytolytic and cytostatic activity of benfluron.
AB  - Benfluron at concentrations of 0.26 and 0.52 mumol l-1 inhibited the formation of
      V79 colonies in a concentration-dependent way. Diminution of the size of colonies
      of the treated cells was accompanied by a decrease in protein content per cell.
      At the same time an increase in metabolic activity was observed. Benfluron
      blocked the V79 cells in S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and at higher
      concentrations induced cell lysis documented by alterations in cell membrane
      permeability and morphology. The in vitro membrane effect of benfluron involved a
      biphasic modulation of the cardiac sarcolemmal (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity.

PMID- 3374710
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in polycythemia vera.
AB  - A group of 54 patients with the original diagnosis of polycythemia vera were
      subjected to cytogenetic examination. Six (17.6%) of the 34 cases examined in the
      period of the advanced phase of the polycythemia vera had a chromosomal change.
      Thirteen (65%) of the 20 patients undergoing the cytogenetic examination in the
      period when the polycythemia vera turned into another myeloproliferative disease
      showed chromosomal aberration. This suggests a relationship between the number of
      chromosomal changes and the transformation of the disease. No connection between
      the cytogenetic changes and myelosuppressive cures could be confirmed in our
      material. The chromosomal change 20q- considered to be the most frequent kind in
      the polycythemia vera was not discovered until in patients with the polycythemia
      vera transformed into a different myeloproliferative disease.

PMID- 3374711
TI  - Skin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate-treated tumor cells, DNCB
      and PPD and their relationship to prognosis in malignant melanoma patients.
AB  - Skin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate-treated tumor cells were
      performed in Stage II malignant melanoma patients. In the majority of cases an
      evident reaction having features of delayed type hypersensitivity was noted. No
      significant correlation between this reactivity and subsequent course of the
      disease was found. The same was true for the results of DNCB and PPD skin
      testing. An analysis of the results of all three tests in the same patient
      revealed no prognostic significance of this score either.

PMID- 3374712
TI  - Bacterial infection of urine in patients with bladder cancer.
AB  - In this retrospective study on 226 patients with bladder cancer before
      radiotherapy following diagnostic or conservative surgery, bacterial infection of
      the urine was evaluated. The incidence of urine infection was 65.5%. 12.3% of the
      patients had sterile urine and in 22.1% of patients the investigation for urine
      infection was not performed. 77% of infections were caused by Gram-negative
      bacilli. No dependence of infection incidence on the tumor-T-stage, incidence of
      diabetes mellitus, prostatic gland size and tumor location near the internal
      ostium of the urethra was found. Thus, the cancer itself, transurethral
      diagnostic and/or transurethral or abdominal operation and the hospital stay
      appear to be of primary importance for the development of infection. To prevent
      serious late postradiation reactions it is important to manage infection before
      the start of radiotherapy. Some features of infection therapy in bladder cancer
      patients are discussed.

PMID- 3374713
TI  - Comparison of some environmental pollutants on the incidence of digestive tract
      malignancies mapped in district Blansko (Czechoslovakia).
AB  - The basic economic and geographic regionalization and the rate of environmental
      pollutants in the investigated district were firstly defined. The incidence of
      digestive tract malignancies in years 1976-1984 was compiled with the aid of a
      computer, and modelling by isolines a as graphic representation was used. The
      state of environment is compared with the geographical places of maximal and
      minimal incidence of the cancer types studied. The combined load of environmental
      pollution (above all water sources) seems to correlate considerably with high
      cancer incidence. The study will continue in view of accurate verification of
      these results.

PMID- 3374714
TI  - [Perception of vibration. Normal findings and methodologic aspects].
AB  - Measurement of vibratory perception threshold was carried out on the internal
      malleoli of 73 healthy subjects and 26 diabetic patients with symptoms of
      polyneuropathy in their legs. The tests were done first with a tuning fork, using
      a measuring scale to reflect the amplitude of vibration, and then with an
      electromagnetic vibrameter (Somedic AB, Stockholm). The results obtained using
      the vibrameter were much more sensitive than those recorded with the tuning fork
      (12 and 3 pathological results respectively, in 26 patients). Vibratory
      perception sensitively reflects disturbances of the function of fast adapting
      mechanoreceptors and of thick myelinated sensory nerve fibres. The results proved
      to be readily reproducible. Some variability was noted in the normal values
      obtained: A further development of the method to exclude the influence of
      reaction times of patient and investigator on the results might reduce this
      variability.

PMID- 3374715
TI  - [EEG changes in HIV infections].
AB  - A standardized examination, including EEG, was performed in 54 cases of HIV
      infection. The EEGs were analyzed and compared to 30 EEGs of HIV-negative test
      persons. The visual analyses with respect to basic activity, dysrhythmias,
      general slowing, foci and alteration of vigilance were performed without any
      information on HIV infection. Significant differences in the median frequency
      were found between both groups, HIV-positive patients presenting with a slower
      basic activity. Moderate or severe dysrhythmias (2 patients) or foci (2 patients)
      were found exclusively in HIV-positive patients. The findings described above
      could not be replicated when only HIV-patients without secondary CNS infections
      were compared to HIV-negative test persons.

PMID- 3374716
TI  - [Contralateral failure of the blink reflex late response (R2) in a circumscribed
      mesencephalic lesion].

PMID- 3374717
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of primary intracranial germ cell tumors].

PMID- 3374718
TI  - [Idiopathic familial supinator syndrome with intracerebral neoplasia].

PMID- 3374719
TI  - [Slowly progressive, clinically undetectable polioencephalitis with
      transformation from a choreo-athetosis to a Parkinsonism-dementia picture].

PMID- 3374720
TI  - [Intravenous and oral treatment with amantadine sulfate in Parkinson disease].
AB  - The rapid efficacy of amantadine on akinesia and rigidity in Parkinson's disease
      is generally known. The duration of this therapeutic result is however
      controversial. Some authors have reported a loss of efficacy after only a few
      weeks of therapy. The success of a short-term parenteral and subsequently oral
      long-term treatment with amantadine sulphate in 8 Parkinsonian patients was
      tested by means of clinical and neuropsychological examinations and by monitoring
      the serum concentration over the course of half a year. A ten-day intravenous
      treatment with amantadine sulphate (200 mg daily) led to a significant
      improvement in the clinical and psychological test results. This attained
      improvement could be maintained for 6 months with oral therapy consisting of 600
      mg amantadine sulphate. There were strong interindividual variations in serum
      concentration.

PMID- 3374721
TI  - [Treatment of paraspasticity with mechanically produced vibration stimuli].

PMID- 3374723
TI  - [Petrectomy of the point during approach to the clivus: technic, values and
      limitations. Apropos of a case of meningioma].
AB  - A voluminous clivus meningioma was removed by a middle fossa transpetrous
      approach. We describe the surgical technique, with its advantages and its limits.
      The petrous bone was burred between the internal auditory canal, the internal
      carotid artery, the superior petrosal sinus and the inferior petrosal sinus. This
      approach gives excellent exposure of the clivus, anterior to the brainstem and
      the cranial nerves. This approach can be used for removal of voluminous
      intradural tumors arisen anterior to the internal auditory canal, and for
      clipping of aneurysms of the basilar artery. It appeared that the choice of the
      side for this approach must only depend on the extension of the tumour and
      displacements of the brainstem and the basilar artery, without concern on the
      hemispheric lateralization.

PMID- 3374722
TI  - [Long-term results of the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Study of
      a series of 328 patients hospitalized from 1972 to 1984].
AB  - Between 1972 to 1984, 328 patients were admitted in the department of
      neurosurgery, for the treatment of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, and being
      clinically in grades I to IV. These patients were submitted to a deferred surgery
      protocol. 5.5% of the patients died before surgery, and 94.5% were actually
      operated on. The follow-up was at least over one year, and up to 14 years (mean 3
      years and 8 months). The long term result was appreciated according to the
      physical status of the patients and the activity resumption (professional,
      familial and social as well). This long term result was compared to the immediate
      results, which had been appreciated either at the time of discharge or a few
      months later. 25.9% of the 328 patients were lost of view, and 74.1% were
      followed (including pre-operative and operative death). The immediate results
      were: death 17.7%, poor 7.3%, fair 9.1%, good 66.2%. The long term results were
      appreciated as follows: Poor 7.3%, Fair (independent but with emotional or
      psychological difficulties), 14.8%, Good (fully independent) 55.1%. The long term
      activity resumption (ability to work) was: normal 46.5%, lesser level of work
      7.8%, unable to work 20.5%. Out of the patients with a good and fair immediate
      result, only 66.5% have resumed their previous occupation. 21.2% of these
      patients did not resume their previous occupation due to psycho.

PMID- 3374725
TI  - [Post-traumatic intracavernous aneurysms. 2 cases].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of post-traumatic aneurysms of the intracavernous
      carotid artery. They analyze the difficulties they have encountered during direct
      approach. Direct cure was impossible for the first patient because of the
      arterial wall dilaceration. In the second case, the aneurysm has been treated
      upon by stitching. A second operation with injection of biological glue into the
      cavernous sinus was required because of the secondary formation of a carotido
      cavernous fistula in front of a second metal fragment.

PMID- 3374724
TI  - [Radicular evoked potential. Peroperative recording in lumbar disk hernias].
AB  - The evoked compound action potential of lumbar nerve roots after posterior tibial
      nerve stimulation at the ankle during operation were studied in 10 patients with
      lumbar disc herniation. The recording needle electrode was inserted into
      compressed the nerve root before and after excision of disc herniation. The
      evoked nerve root action potentials consisted of a positive-negative complex.
      Before excision, this predominant positive complex was recorded in every patient
      with a mean peak latency of P1 at 16.64 +/- 1.69 msec, and a mean peak to peak
      amplitude of P1-N1 of 1.94 +/- 0.52 microv. In three cases with migratory disc
      herniation, the P1-N1 complex was followed by smaller negative component. After
      excision of disc herniation, the amplitude of the P1-N1 complex decreased
      significantly with no significant latency modification. The second negative
      component was not recorded in the three cases with migratory disc herniation. The
      recording of nerve root evoked potential during operation is of interest for
      diagnostic purposes. In addition, it allows electrophysiological monitoring of
      nerve root traumatism during operation procedures.

PMID- 3374726
TI  - [Aneurysmal bone cyst of C5. Complete 2-stage excision].
AB  - A case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the fifth cervical vertebra was unusual in that
      it occurred in a 35 year old man treated initially by radiotherapy (3,800 rads),
      within 3 years, worsening of clinical and radiologic signs led to a complete two
      stage exeresis because of extension of lesion to body and posterior arch of C5.
      This male patient was 35 years old at diagnosis and 38 at time of surgery
      (respectively 1.2 and 2.5% of cases in the Hay series and 1.9% in the Ruiter
      series), this lesion affecting mainly age groups under 20 years. Aneurysmal bone
      cyst (ABC) constitutes 1.4% of primary bone tumors (Dahlin), and spinal
      localizations 3% (Biesecker), 14% (Reiter) or 20% (Tillman) of total ABC. The
      cervical lesion represents 13% (Reiter) or 22% (Hay) of spinal localizations, C5
      being affected twice in the 17 cases reported by Ameli, and fills, according to
      Hay, 3.3% of all spinal column lesions and 15% of cervical lesions. Initial
      treatment applied in another center was by radiotherapy alone at the dose of
      3,800 rads (the recommended dose-level in the literature being 20 to 30 Grays).
      Neither clinical nor radiologic improvement was reported. The recurrence rate
      after all types of treatment for ABC was 12.6%, and after radiotherapy alone was
      11% in the Hay series, MacCarty reporting only one recurrence among 9 patients
      treated with irradiation alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374727
TI  - [Parkinsonian syndrome caused by traumatic hematomas in the basal ganglia].
AB  - A 61 year old man, without neurological history, has a coma after a facial
      concussion. While the consciousness is improving, parkinsonism feature is
      observed with tremor at rest, rigidity and bradykinesia. From the radiological
      point of view, hematoma of right and left basal ganglia is observed on C.T. Scan
      performed 6 hours after cranial trauma. The authors study the role of these 2
      hematomas in genesis of parkinsonism through literature data and they bring a
      mean piece in pathophysiology of parkinsonism reported in boxers.

PMID- 3374728
TI  - [Recurrent intracranial hematomas disclosing Rendu-Osler disease in a pregnant
      woman].
AB  - The authors report on the case of a young woman, seven months gone, with an
      history of sudden onset of successive lobar intracerebral hematomas. They
      revealed a Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. The mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 3374729
TI  - Neurological diseases in Karachi, Pakistan--elevated occurrence of subacute
      sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - Neurological diseases, especially subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE),
      were surveyed in Karachi, Pakistan disclosing following major results. (1)
      Indirectly estimated prevalence rates of selected neurological disease entities
      were comparable with the rates from western countries and Japan in
      heredodegenerative diseases, but grossly elevated in infectious diseases. (2)
      Estimated mortality statistics for the Karachi community revealed highly elevated
      rates for infectious, parasitic and perinatal causes of death. (3) SSPE
      represented about 10% of inflammatory afflictions of the cerebral parenchyma, its
      incidence rate being about 100% times more than that observed in developed
      countries. A case-control study preliminarily showed that infants who later
      contract SSPE have unhealthy mothers, are born small, and have various
      occurrences of ill health from birth to the onset of SSPE. (4) Age at the onset
      of measles was very young in the cases as well as in controls, unlike the average
      young age at onset of cases only in developed countries. Measles contracted at
      young age is a well known risk factor to SSPE. Whereas few children in developed
      countries acquire measles at such an early age, many Karachi children do.
      Elevated occurrence of SSPE is probably conditioned by such age patterns of
      measles infection, together with other risk factors more common in Karachi due to
      poorer health standards. A proper immunization programme is urgently needed to
      control measles and SSPE.

PMID- 3374730
TI  - Genetic analysis of late-onset diseases using first-degree relatives.
AB  - We consider the problem of testing that a disease with variable age at onset is
      an autosomal dominant or recessive genetic trait. Specific reference is made to
      Alzheimer's disease and recent publications proposing an autosomal dominant
      inheritance pattern. The pedigree structure allowed is restricted to first-degree
      relatives of the proband for the dominant and to sibs of the proband for the
      recessive hypotheses, respectively, in addition to the proband. The sampling
      method assumed is the one most often used in practice: single ascertainment or
      sampling pedigrees with probability proportional to size (pps), i.e., to the
      number of affected individuals within a pedigree who are in the sampling frame.
      The statistical methodology developed takes the sampling procedure into account
      and is a generalization of the Kaplan-Meier method of estimating survival
      functions to pps sampling.

PMID- 3374731
TI  - Seasonal variation of stroke--does it exist?
AB  - A relationship between seasonal climate changes and the occurrence of stroke has
      been postulated. We reviewed the seasonal occurrence of stroke in 2,960 patients
      seen at the University of Iowa from 1978 through 1985. Stroke was classified as
      cerebral infarction (CI; n = 1,357, 46%), transient ischemic attacks (TIAs; n =
      913, 31%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; n = 476, 16%) and intracerebral
      hemorrhage (ICH; n = 214, 7%). Local climatological data were obtained from the
      National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Poisson regression was used to
      analyze the data. The occurrence of TIA and SAH was not influenced by seasonal
      climatic variables. There was a significant increase in the rate of referral for
      CI during warmer months (p = 0.027). The amount of rainfall did not influence the
      rate of CI. Conversely, the rate of referral for ICH was significantly less
      during warm weather (p = 0.027) and rainy weather (p = 0.014). A possible inverse
      seasonal relationship in temperate climates between CI and ICH deserves more
      investigation.

PMID- 3374732
TI  - Prevalence and risk factors of recurrent cervical pain syndrome in a working
      population.
AB  - The prevalence and risk factors of recurrent cervical pain syndrome (CPS) was
      studied in 990 workers examined while undergoing their systematic annual visit of
      occupational medicine. A prevalence rate of 10.2% was obtained. Using a tree
      structured logistic regression analysis, a strong association between age, sex,
      previous head trauma extension of the neck and strenuous muscular activity during
      work, and the risk of recurrent CPS was obtained. Finally, an inverse association
      between strenuous muscular activity during leisure time and the risk of recurrent
      CPS was found.

PMID- 3374733
TI  - Preparation of a recombinant cDNA library from poly(A+) RNA of the Alzheimer
      brain. Identification and characterization of a cDNA copy encoding a glial
      specific protein.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to assess the extent to which messenger RNA prepared from
      the postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain can be used for the successful
      preparation of a recombinant cDNA library. Initial experiments focused on the
      glial-specific marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) since GFAP
      expression appeared to be a model for further studies on mRNAs that may continue
      to be expressed at high levels in the vicinity of lesioned sites in the AD brain.
      An AD cDNA library, prepared in the lambda gt11 expression vector system
      contained GFAP-specific recombinants. One of these was sequenced and the insert
      was shown to exhibit 88% homology with the similar sequence from mouse GFAP. As
      established by Northern blots, the size of the GFAP mRNA prepared from the
      routinely acquired postmortem AD cortex, approximately 2.7 kb, was the same as
      from a neurologically normal control brain. These results agree with earlier
      studies on GFAP mRNA from fresh mouse brain. The results demonstrate that in the
      postmortem AD brain, astroglial-specific mRNA remains sufficiently stable for
      molecular genetic analysis and may serve as a useful model for examining the
      genetic expression of mRNAs that may be related to the molecular pathogenesis and
      the etiology of AD.

PMID- 3374734
TI  - Age-related reduction in responses of rat hippocampal neurons to locally applied
      monoamines.
AB  - Age-related changes in the responsiveness of hippocampal pyramidal neurons to
      norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5HT) were investigated using
      electrophysiological techniques. Local application of each monamine via pressure
      micro-ejection was employed to establish the dose which elicited a 50% change in
      spontaneous discharge rate of single pyramidal neurons; these data were used to
      construct dose response curves for the population of neurons tested in 3-6, 11
      13, 18-20, and 27-30 month old rats. The percentage of cells responding in rats
      18-20 and 27-30 months old decreased for both NE and 5HT. There was also a
      progressive increase with age in the population ED50 for 5HT starting at 18-20
      months. For neurons which demonstrated a response to NE, no decrease in the
      population ED50 was observed. Taken together these data indicate that there is a
      progressive age-related decline in the postsynaptic response to NE and 5HT in the
      rodent hippocampus.

PMID- 3374735
TI  - Classical conditioning of rabbits 2-1/2 to 4 years old using mossy fiber
      stimulation as a CS.
AB  - A basic issue in age-related deterioration in memory formation concerns the locus
      of the age changes. Changes in peripheral portions of the auditory CS pathway
      could account for the observed age differences in classical conditioning in
      rabbits. We bypassed peripheral portions of the CS pathway and input the CS more
      centrally by electrical microstimulation of mossy fibers in the pons. New Zealand
      White rabbits aged 2-1/2-4 years were compared to six 3-month-old control rabbits
      with electrode implantations in comparable areas. Training consisted of 108
      trials per day in which stimulation CS was paired with a corneal airpuff US.
      Older rabbits took almost five times as long to condition as the young animals.
      Thus, age differences in eyelid classical conditioning cannot be entirely
      attributed to changes in the peripheral CS pathway. Changes in the nervous system
      occurring more centrally in the cerebellum appear to affect learning and memory.

PMID- 3374736
TI  - Normal replicative lifespan of Alzheimer skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from four patients with Alzheimer's disease had life
      spans comparable to those of six age-sex matched controls, whether measured by
      passages to phase-out, cumulative population doublings to phase out, or
      percentage of nuclei incorporating [3H]thymidine (Cristofalo index). These
      results provide direct experimental evidence that Alzheimer's disease is not
      simply a form of accelerated aging. They suggest that the abnormalities,
      described by several groups, in Alzheimer fibroblasts reflect the disease rather
      than the physiological age of the donor, making the cultured cell a valid tool
      for studying the cellular pathophysiology of this disorder. Together with other
      data, these observations raise the possibility that some forms of Alzheimer's
      disease may represent inborn error(s) of metabolism of late clinical onset.

PMID- 3374737
TI  - Morphologic alterations of cholinergic processes in the neocortex of aged rats.
AB  - In the present study we observed enlarged cholinergic processes in the neocortex
      of aged Fischer 344 rats. These swollen ChAT-positive profiles appeared either as
      a single axon enlargement or, in many instances, the bulbous processes coalesced
      to form grape-like clusters of immunoreactivity. The latter structures looked
      similar to the immunoreactive profiles observed in the cortex of patients with
      Alzheimer's disease and in the rat septum following fimbria-fornix transection.
      Together, these data provide evidence that morphologic changes occur within
      processes of cholinergic neurons in the aged rat. Moreover, the similarity in
      appearance between the axonal alterations in the aged rat and in patients with
      Alzheimer's disease suggests a common pathologic process.

PMID- 3374738
TI  - Effects of persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection on cholinergic
      neurons in the mouse.
AB  - We have examined the effects of persistent infection with the Armstrong E350
      strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) on choline acetyltransferase
      activity in several regions of Balb/c mouse brain. Despite the presence of high
      titres of virus in brain for as long as 6 months, and a widespread distribution
      of virus antigen, no decreases in choline acetyltransferase activity could be
      demonstrated. The enzyme activity was increased in some regions of brain, showing
      an effect of the persistent virus infection on a differentiated cell function.
      Although these data do not suggest a role for LCMV in human neurologic disease,
      similar studies may allow useful animal models to be conveniently and
      reproducibly generated.

PMID- 3374740
TI  - Alzheimer's senile dementia: a radical case of cephaloconiosis.

PMID- 3374739
TI  - Oral tacrine administration in middle-aged monkeys: effects on discrimination
      learning.
AB  - We studied the effect of chronic, oral administration of 1,2,3,4 tetrahydro-9
      aminoacridine (THA), an anticholinesterase, on the acquisition of a color
      discrimination task in five monkeys (Macaca radiata), aged 13-19 years. A two
      phase experiment was performed: initially, one animal was used and served as his
      own control in a multiple dose, crossover, placebo controlled trial, designed to
      establish a dose-response curve and an optimal dose range based on THA serum
      concentrations. Thereafter, four monkeys were given the optimal dose of THA (5.0
      mg/day) determined previously while learning up to four color pair
      discriminations. They also learned up to four other color pair discriminations
      while on placebo. Two monkeys received THA first, then placebo; the others
      received placebo first, then THA. No order effects were noted. When combined
      scores for THA tests were compared to their placebo scores, the difference was
      significant at p less than 0.01 with all four THA treated monkeys requiring fewer
      trials to reach learning criterion. These results indicate that THA has a
      significantly positive effect on the acquisition of a color discrimination task.

PMID- 3374741
TI  - [Intracranial pressure irregularities induced by bulbar stimulation in
      experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage].
AB  - Neurogenic mechanisms of pressure waves were investigated in dogs with acute
      intracranial hypertension. After subarachnoid infusion of hemolyzed red blood
      cells, simultaneous recordings of both systemic blood pressure (SBP) and
      intracranial pressure (ICP) were made continuously. Pressure waves could be
      induced by electrical stimulation of the medulla oblongata at the stage of
      increased ICP. Induced pressure waves were specific at the site of the
      stimulation. These pressure waves were classified into 3 types, consisting of
      fast waves, slow waves and rebound waves. The fast waves had a duration of 10-30
      seconds, being accompanied by a marked increase of SBP. These waves were induced
      by stimulation of various portions of the lateral reticular formation. The slow
      waves had a duration of 30 seconds to 3 minutes, being accompanied by a decrease
      or little change of SBP. These waves were induced by stimulation of the lateral
      portion of lateral reticular formation. The rebound waves had a duration of 30
      seconds to 3 minutes, followed by a decrease of SBP. These waves were induced by
      stimulation of the lateral area of the solitary tract nucleus. At the end stage
      of intracranial hypertension, electrical stimulation of all of these sites
      induced changes of ICP depending on SBP. Slow waves were increase the
      intracranial pressure during arterial depressor responses indicating primary
      cerebral vasodilatation. It is suggested from these data that cerebral vascular
      tonus is concerned with the lateral portion of lateral reticular formation.

PMID- 3374742
TI  - [Usefulness of CT angiography for demonstrating cerebral aneurysms].
AB  - We report the usefulness of computed cerebral angiotomography (CT angiography)
      for demonstrating cerebral aneurysm and the clinical significance of CT
      angiography for ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Our modified method of CT angiography
      was easy and less time-consuming. Fifteen seconds after starting a single bolus
      injection, 1 ml/kg/25 seconds via cubital vein, of contrast medium (60%
      urograffin), 5 serial 5 mm thick-CT slices were scanned in every 6.5 seconds
      including 2 seconds of interval, beginning from an axial level 20 mm above the
      orbitomeatal line and ending at a level 40 mm. A total of 103 patients were
      examined in this report, consisting of 70 unruptured asymptomatic, 8 unruptured
      symptomatic (oculomotor nerve palsy) and 25 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Seven
      unruptured aneurysms in 4 asymptomatic cases, 2 unruptured aneurysms in 2
      symptomatic cases 27 aneurysms in 24 SAH cases were suspected by CT angiography.
      Of these 36 aneurysms suspected by CT angiography 32 aneurysms were confirmed by
      cerebral angiography. The detection rate of CT angiography in this report was
      89%, higher than those of previous reports. Thirteen aneurysms were located at
      internal carotid-posterior communicating artery (ICPC) junction. 11 at anterior
      communicating artery (Acom), 7 at middle cerebral artery (MCA). CT angiography
      showed a false positive findings in 4 cases, which were all located at Acom. Four
      aneurysms were not detected in CT angiography, which were all located at MCA and
      were very small (2-3 mm) in diameter. There were no deteriorated cases during and
      after CT angiography. We suggest that CT angiography is a useful and safe method
      for predicting the location of not only unruptured but ruptured aneurysms.

PMID- 3374743
TI  - [Epidural hematoma without intradural lesions--clinical study of 120 cases].
AB  - One hundred twenty cases of epidural hematoma without intradural lesion treated
      between 1975 and 1983 to which CT scan was available, were presented. Mortality
      rate was 1.7% and morbidity rate was 6.7%. In all cases of epidural hematoma
      including with and without intradural lesion in the same term (164 cases),
      mortality and morbidity rate were 7.3 and 10.4% respectively. Ninety five cases
      were male and 25 cases were female. Causes of injury were falls from a height (42
      cases, 35%), traffic accident (41 cases, 34%), and falls at ground level (24
      cases, 20%). The site of hematoma in 120 cases of 128 hematoma were frontal (17
      cases, 13%), temporoparietal (74 cases, 58%), parasagittal (4 cases, 3%), middle
      fossa (8 cases, 6%), occipital (16 cases, 13%) and posterior fossa (9 cases, 7%).
      Fractures were shown in 109 cases out of 120 cases on skull X-P and depressed
      fractures were 12 cases. Those which showed no fracture on skull X-P, revealed
      slow growth of hematoma and delayed onset of clinical signs and were mainly
      children. Seven operated cases of epidural hematoma does not show fractures on
      skull X-P nor initial unconscious. Clinical course of disturbance of
      consciousness were divided in five types as follows; I. no unconsciousness (22
      cases, 18%), II. latent interval (17 cases, 14%), III. primary but no secondary
      unconsciousness (29 cases, 24%), IV. lucid interval (22 cases, 18%), V.
      unconscious throughout (16 cases, 14%) and unknown (14 cases, 12%). Cases which
      Glasgow Coma Scale Score were over 7 showed good recovery in Glasgow Outcome
      Scale.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374744
TI  - [Experimental simulation study on hemodynamics in multiple cerebral arterial
      stenoses and EC-IC bypass].
AB  - In recent years, unilateral or bilateral multiple stenoses in the internal
      carotid artery have been increasing in number. Full understanding and complete
      analysis of these hemodynamics are, however, sometimes difficult because multiple
      factors such as number, size and location of the stenotic lesions, and capacity
      of collateral circulation differ with individual cases and are related mutually
      in complex fashions. One of the effective means to solve these problems is to
      study the hemodynamics and to simulate their changes after an expected operative
      procedure by the use of a hydraulic vascular model, where any factor can be
      managed independently. A vascular model of the internal carotid artery (ICA) has
      been manufactured with silicone and glass tubes in similar dimensions to averaged
      adults. Peripheral vascular resistance (Rp) is so adjusted as to obtain an
      arterial flow of 180 ml/min at an intraluminal pressure of 60 mmHg. Four kinds of
      stenosis segments, Ra (2.59 mm in diameter), Rb (1.94 mm), Rc (1.12 mm) and Rd
      (0.84 mm) are prepared and used in various models simulating unilateral multiple
      stenoses, unilateral solitary long stenosis and bilateral multiple stenosis. The
      results obtained are; 1. In case of two stenoses of different degree arranged in
      series, advanced one was found to have a dominant effect on flow reduction. This
      implies that only its removal can results in good augmentation of flow in
      unilateral multiple stenoses of the ICA. 2. In case of more than three stenoses
      of the some degree arranged in series, increase in flow can not be obtained until
      the last one is cleared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374745
TI  - [A case of ruptured mycotic cerebral aneurysm associated with repeated arterial
      narrowing and remission].
AB  - The patient is a 23-year-old male in whom aortic valve regurgitation was pointed
      out at the age of about 13. From July 26, 1985 he developed a high fever of 39.7
      degrees C and on August 5 he suddenly became unconscious with left hemiparesis.
      On August 10, his consciousness became further disturbed and he was admitted to
      this Department on the following day. Computed tomographic scan showed
      subarachnoid hemorrhage and a low density area in the right temporoparietal lobe.
      Carotid angiography (CAG) revealed an aneurysm 10 mm in size at the end of the
      horizontal portion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and severe narrowing
      of the arteries, mainly the right MCA. A mycotic aneurysm due to bacterial
      endocarditis was diagnosed. In the CAG conducted on August 14, aneurysm had been
      almost disappeared, but arterial narrowing had been further increased. On
      September 4, there was a remission of the narrowing, but the aneurysm could again
      be visualized to be 7 mm in size, which increased to 14 mm on September 20. A
      neck clipping of the aneurysm and an aneurysmectomy were performed on September
      27. Operative findings showed degeneration and thickening of the walls of the
      aneurysm and arteries with inflammatory reaction. An arterial blood culture
      conducted at the time of a recurrence of bacterial endocarditis demonstrated non
      hemolytic Streptococcus. CAG conducted on November 1 showed remarkable narrowing
      of the right MCA, but CAG performed on April 1, 1986 showed the narrowing to be
      alleviated. There is a danger of rupture in mycotic aneurysm due to bacterial
      endocarditis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374746
TI  - [A case of lumbosacral lipoma and its interesting histological findings].
AB  - A case of 3-month-old girl with lumbosacral lipoma is reported. She had a large
      soft tissue mass (4 X 5 cm) in the lumbosacral region initially noted at birth.
      Interpendicular distances below L2 were dilated on X-P. CT image demonstrated a
      sharply outlined low density area (approximately -80 H. U.) which occupied the
      latter half of the spinal canal in the level of L2 to S1 level. Defect of
      vertebral arch was also seen. Lipoma was removed subtotally with laminectomy. CT
      image demonstrated clear sharp margin of the tumor, neural tissue free zone were
      not found intraoperatively. Post-operative course was uneventful. Specimen showed
      the mature adipose tissue which contained rich blood vessels and connective
      tissue. Connective tissue was composed of collagen fibers and elastic fibers.
      Small aberrant nerve fibers and smooth muscle fibers were sporadically noted in
      specimens obtained from nearby transitional area of its lipoma and spinal cord.
      Although there were a few reports about the morphology of lipoma, the existence
      of nerve cell, neuroglia, embryonic bone, cartilage, smooth muscle fiber,
      striated muscle fiber, respiratory-like cell and others were reported in the
      previous reports. Our histological findings also suggest that the lipoma possibly
      arise from pluripotential caudal cell mass which survived by disturbance of the
      3rd stage of neural tube formation (retrogressive differentiation).

PMID- 3374747
TI  - [A successful removal of huge confluence meningioma].
AB  - A rare case of huge confluence meningioma with many kinds of venous collaterals
      is presented. A 58-year-old female was admitted because of severe headache and
      gait disturbance. An enhanced CT (computerized tomography) scan demonstrated a
      homogeneous spherical high density mass in the region of the posterior falco
      tentorial junction adjacent to the internal occipital crest. Cerebral angiograms
      showed (1) the occluded confluence sinuum and compensatory venous collaterals,
      (2) venous drainage through the persistent falcial sinus, which was rare in an
      adult, from the straight sinus into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), (3) venous
      drainage through diploic veins and emissary veins into scalp veins. The tumor
      including the confluence sinuum was totally removed via a combined bioccipital
      and suboccipital craniectomy. The confluence sinuum was invaded and occluded by
      the tumor. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as a fibroblastic meningioma.
      Post-operative angiogram showed a formation of the new venous channel which is
      located between the posterior part of the SSS and the lateral part of right
      transverse sinus. The origin of this new venous pathway was thought to be
      congenital presence of a "latent" dural venous channel. After
      ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the patient was discharged without any
      neurological deficits. A follow-up angiogram one year and two months after
      discharge showed that the channel become dilated and the venous collaterals seen
      before surgery disappeared probably due to the change of balance of venous
      pressure. The venous drainage pattern seemed to become resembling the normal
      variant type in which the SSS drains into the right transverse sinus, and left
      sinus was hypoplastic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374749
TI  - [A case of combined reconstruction of extracranial vertebral and carotid artery
      stenosis].
AB  - A 67-year-old man was admitted for status epilepticus, right hemiparesis,
      repeating vertigo and vomiting. Computed tomography showed no abnormality except
      for slight brain atrophy. Angiogram demonstrated bilateral vertebral artery
      stenosis at the origin, especially on the left side, and bilateral cervical
      internal carotid artery stenosis associated with ulceration. Intracranially,
      bilateral anterior cerebral artery was filled only by right internal carotid
      artery. Internal carotid artery on both sides did not fill the posterior cerebral
      artery. From these findings, we thought that both bilateral internal carotid
      artery and left vertebral artery should be surgically reconstructed. On June 4,
      1986, left vertebral transposition to the common carotid artery and left carotid
      endarterectomy using double-balloon shunt were performed. Waiting for recovery of
      the general condition, right carotid endarterectomy was carried out on June 27,
      1986. Postoperative angiogram demonstrated disappearance of bilateral internal
      carotid artery stenosis, and good filling of left vertebral artery through left
      common carotid artery. Postoperative course was uneventful and right hemiparesis
      gradually improved. Vertigo and vomiting completely subsided. The method and
      indication of combined reconstruction for extracranial vertebral and carotid
      artery were discussed.

PMID- 3374748
TI  - [Bacterial intracranial aneurysms associated with infectious endocarditis--report
      of 3 cases].
AB  - Three cases of bacterial intracranial aneurysms associated with infective
      endocarditis are reported. All of the patients were successfully treated by
      various combinations of cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and chemotherapy with
      antibiotics. Case 1: A 39-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of
      sudden onset of severe headache following persistent fever of several month's
      duration. CT scan revealed a left frontal old hematoma and angiography detected
      an aneurysm located in the frontal ascending branch of the left middle cerebral
      artery. After 2 weeks' antibiotic therapy, the second angiography showed the
      aneurysm to be decreased in size. The third angiography, performed 2 weeks after
      cardiac valve replacement for infective endocarditis, demonstrated complete
      resolution of the aneurysm. Case 2: A 19-year-old male entered hospital with high
      fever and chills. In addition to infective endocarditis, CT scan and angiography
      revealed an aneurysm arising from the distal portion of the left posterior
      cerebral artery. The patient was treated with high dose antibiotics and then his
      general condition improved. However, angiography examined 4 weeks after the
      initial study demonstrated the aneurysm to be apparently enlarged. Therefore, the
      aneurysm was excised before cardiac surgery. Repeated angiography after valve
      replacement showed no further aneurysm. Case 3: A 30-year-old female was admitted
      on the diagnosis of infective endocarditis and meningitis. CT scan showed
      abnormal density areas in the right frontal lobe and the left temporal
      lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374750
TI  - [Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematoma due to metastatic brain tumor: a
      case report].
AB  - Intracerebral hemorrhage from a brain tumor can mask the cause of bleeding,
      confuse the diagnosis, and affect the treatment and prognosis. This type of
      hemorrhage is generally regarded as a rapidly progressive, fulminating disease,
      sudden in onset, with the outcome being death or profound neurological deficits.
      Such hemorrhages are demonstrated by CT scan as intracerebral high density areas.
      Intracerebral hematomas producing chronic neurological disability and chronic
      intracerebral hematomas are rarely reported. We experienced a case of chronic
      intracerebral hematoma due to metastatic brain tumor. The patient was a 60-year
      old female, and the initial symptoms were mild headache followed by right
      homonymous hemianopsia. The intracranial lesion was demonstrated by CT scan as an
      oval-shaped low density area (3 X 4.5 cm) with a ring enhancement in the left
      occipital lobe. MRI showed marked high intensity by short SE and long SE in the
      left occipital lobe. A left occipital craniotomy was performed. No tumor could be
      seen macroscopically except for an old encapsulated hematoma. Aspiration of the
      liquid hematoma and biopsy of the wall of the hematoma were done. A histological
      examination revealed an adenocarcinoma. Spontaneous bleeding from brain tumors
      was reviewed, and diagnostic problems were discussed.

PMID- 3374751
TI  - The cranial arachnoid and pia mater in man: anatomical and ultrastructural
      observations.
AB  - The objects of the present study were: (1) to define the relationships of the
      arachnoid mater to blood vessels in the subarachnoid space; (2) to establish the
      structure of leptomeningeal trabeculae and their relationships to the pia mater;
      and (3) to investigate the fine structure of the human pia mater. Intracranial
      portions of vertebral artery were taken at post mortem, and normal cerebral
      cortex and overlying leptomeninges were obtained from surgical lobectomies.
      Tissue from these specimens was examined by scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy, by light microscopy and by immunocytochemistry for the presence of
      basement membrane, desmosomal proteins and vimentin. Results of the study showed
      that as the vertebral artery pierced the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and
      entered the subarachnoid space, it acquired a leptomeningeal coat as the
      arachnoid was reflected on to it. It has been demonstrated previously that as
      vessels enter the brain, the leptomeningeal coat is reflected on to the surface
      of the cortex as the pia mater. The arachnoid mater was seen to consist of a
      subdural mesothelial layer and a compact central layer as previously reported.
      From the inner layer of the arachnoid, collagen bundles coated by leptomeningeal
      cells extended as trabeculae across the subarachnoid space to fuse with the pia
      mater. The pia itself was composed of a delicate but apparently continuous layer
      of cells joined by desmosomes and gap junctions but no tight junctions were
      observed. It was possible to detect pia mater cells in the perivascular spaces of
      the brain by immunocytochemical techniques using light microscopy. The
      significance of the observed anatomical arrangement for cerebrospinal fluid
      physiology is discussed.

PMID- 3374752
TI  - Immunohistological diagnosis of primary brain lymphoma using monoclonal
      antibodies: confirmation of B-cell origin.
AB  - The antigenic characteristics of 20 primary cerebral lymphomas have been defined
      by their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing
      differentiation antigens of lymphocytes and other cell types. In 7 out of 20
      cases (35%), immunohistological results were diagnostically crucial and this
      approach appeared almost to double the detection rate of brain lymphomas over a
      10-year period. All 20 tumours were confirmed as B-cell neoplasms by the use of a
      monoclonal antibody (B-1) specific for B-lymphocytes, rather than by the
      demonstration of immunoglobulin production. Further immunophenotyping with
      antibody FMC7 indicated that the neoplastic B-cells had been 'arrested' at a
      relatively mature stage of differentiation. The importance of monoclonal antibody
      markers in the accurate diagnosis and characterization of primary cerebral
      lymphomas has now been established.

PMID- 3374753
TI  - Central serotoninergic stimulation by fenfluramine challenge does not affect
      plasma thyrotropin-stimulating hormone levels in man.
AB  - Thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to an acute
      oral challenge of fenfluramine (60 mg), a central serotoninergic (5
      hydroxytryptamine) releasing/uptake inhibiting agent, were examined in 8 healthy
      males in order to assess the role of central serotoninergic stimulation in the
      release of TSH. Plasma PRL, but not TSH, was significantly elevated by
      fenfluramine. These data suggest that central serotoninergic activity does not
      play an important role in the physiologic release of plasma TSH in man. Further,
      thyrotropin-releasing hormone is unlikely to be the PRL-releasing factor involved
      in the fenfluramine-induced stimulation of PRL.

PMID- 3374754
TI  - Neuropharmacological characterization of serotoninergic stimulation of
      vasopressin secretion in conscious rats.
AB  - In this study we have evaluated a possible role for brain serotoninergic neurons
      in the regulation of vasopressin secretion using pharmacological methods. In
      order to accomplish this, we have developed a specific and sensitive vasopressin
      radioimmunoassay along with a highly reproducible plasma extraction protocol.
      These tools were used to evaluate the plasma vasopressin response to several
      pharmacological challenges in conscious rats. Treatment with the serotonin (5-HT)
      releaser p-chloroamphetamine caused a significant increase in plasma vasopressin
      concentration. This effect was blocked by posterior hypothalamic deafferentation
      which separates serotonin cell bodies in the midbrain from their nerve terminals
      in the hypothalamus. Administration of graded doses of several 5-HT agonists had
      no effect. However, treatment with MK212, a serotonin agonist with 5-HT1 + 5-HT2
      activity, induced a significant increase in plasma vasopressin concentration. The
      effect of MK212 on plasma vasopressin was completely abolished by the selective 5
      HT2 receptor blocker LY53857. These studies confirm and extend studies by others
      that provide pharmacological evidence for serotoninergic regulation of
      vasopressin secretion via a selective 5-HT2 receptor mechanism. The specific
      neuroanatomical site(s) where serotonin exerts this effect are unknown, and the
      physiological consequences of these studies remain to be established.

PMID- 3374755
TI  - Distribution of immunoreactive prolactin in the male and female rat brain:
      effects of hypophysectomy and intraventricular administration of colchicine.
AB  - Immunohistochemical studies have identified immunoreactive prolactin (IR-PRL) in
      the hypothalamus and other areas of the rat brain. However, immunocytochemical
      techniques make it difficult to quantify the amount of antigen localized in a
      specific region. In this study, IR-PRL was extracted from selected regions of the
      rat brain, consisting of the median eminence, dorsal and ventral hypothalamus,
      thalamus, amygdalae, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus, septum, pons-medulla, and
      olfactory lobes, and the concentrations of IR-PRL were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Whereas IR-PRL was detected in all brain regions in both the
      male and the female rat brain, the concentrations of IR-PRL in the female rat
      were significantly greater than those measured in the corresponding region of the
      male rat brain. In the female rat, hypophysectomy significantly reduced, but did
      not eliminate, the concentration of IR-PRL in hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus,
      and pons-medulla. In contrast, hypophysectomy did not affect the concentration of
      IR-PRL in any brain regions of the male rat. Injection of colchicine into the
      lateral ventricle decreased the concentration of IR-PRL in the median eminence
      and increased the concentration of IR-PRL in the ventral hypothalamus in male and
      female rats. In addition, extracted hypothalamic and pituitary IR-PRL displayed
      similar dilution curves in the PRL assay and elution patterns on Sephadex G-100.
      These data indicate that both the male and the female rat brain contains an IR
      PRL-like material with physicochemical properties similar to those of pituitary
      PRL. This material is differentially distributed in the male and female brain and
      is found in greater concentrations in the female brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3374756
TI  - Inhibition of hypothalamic and pituitary muscarinic receptor binding by
      progesterone.
AB  - The in vitro effects of estrogens, progestins, and their related analogs on
      muscarinic receptor binding sites were studied in the hypothalamic membranes
      prepared from ovariectomized rats. The binding assays were performed under a
      nonequilibrium condition. Progestins and their metabolites were active in
      inhibiting the binding of [3H](-)QNB to muscarinic receptors, whereas estrogenic
      compounds were devoid of this effect. Progesterone was also found to be active in
      inhibiting the binding of [3H](-)QNB to pituitary membranes. The IC50 values of
      progesterone and its metabolite, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, were 34 and 24
      microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of progesterone was rapid,
      reversible, and not dependent on divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+,
      Mn2+, and Zn2+). Analyses of the binding data with Scatchard and Lineweaver-Burke
      plots revealed that progesterone significantly increased the apparent Kd of
      muscarinic receptor binding sites from 0.54 (SE = +/- 0.08) nM to 2.44 (SE = +/-
      0.49) nM in hypothalamic membranes and from 0.21 (SE = +/- 0.03) nM to 0.34 (SE =
      +/- 0.03) nM in pituitary membranes without a significant effect on the receptor
      density in both membrane preparations. Progesterone decreased the rate of
      association of [3H](-)QNB with muscarinic receptors without a significant effect
      on its rate of dissociation from the [3H](-)QNB-receptor complex. These results
      indicate that progesterone, but not estrogenic compounds, was capable of
      interacting with hypothalamic and pituitary muscarinic receptors in vitro.

PMID- 3374757
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization is increased in acutely adrenalectomized rats.
AB  - The quantitative autoradiographic deoxyglucose method was used to study the
      effects of acute adrenalectomy on local cerebral glucose utilization in conscious
      albino rats. Five hours following removal of the adrenal glands, glucose
      utilization was increased (4-55%) throughout the brain, particularly in the locus
      ceruleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, hippocampus, median eminence and
      anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. These structures are involved in the
      regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor, vasopressin, and
      adrenocorticotropic hormone. Treatment with dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg i.m.)
      substantially reduced or prevented the stimulatory effects of adrenalectomy on
      cerebral glucose metabolism. These results demonstrate: (1) the existence of a
      negative feedback loop between the brain and adrenal glands in which
      corticosteroids exert an inhibitory action on glucose utilization of brain
      regions participating in adrenotropic regulation, and (2) a general inhibitory
      action of glucocorticoids on cerebral metabolism.

PMID- 3374758
TI  - Immunohistochemical investigation of the magnocellular peptidergic hypothalamo
      neurohypophysial system of the rat chronically stimulated by long-term
      administration of hypertonic saline.
AB  - The hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN), median
      eminences (ME) and neural lobes (NL) of normally hydrated control rats (group 1),
      and of rats drinking 2% NaCl for 7 (group 2), 30 (group 3) or 90 days (group 4)
      were investigated using immunohistochemistry for neurophysins (NP), arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OXY). Animals from the 3 experimental groups
      showed equivalent decreased levels of immunoreactive NP in the SON and PVN, but
      the greatest decrease was in the SON. Dendrites of SON and PVN neurons became
      loaded progressively with immunoreactive NP, AVP and OXY as salt loading
      proceeded. In rats of group 2, axons leaving the SON and PVN showed a marked
      depletion of immunoreactive material. The latter was found mainly at the
      periphery of widely spaced axonal swellings, clearly contrasting with the small
      and narrowly spaced beads of the neurosecretory axons of control rats. In rats of
      groups 3 and 4, axons leaving the SON and PVN resembled those of control rats. In
      the ME of the animals in all experimental groups, the same degree of decrease of
      immunoreactive NP was observed. In rats of group 3, bundles of axons containing
      immunoreactive AVP and OXY frequently projected through the ependymal lining of
      the ME into the third ventricle. In the NL of all experimental animals, a marked
      decrease occurred in the amount of immunoreactive NP, AVP and OXY. The decrease
      of immunoreactive AVP, however, was more pronounced in rats of group 2 than in
      those of groups 3 and 4. The NL of rats in group 4 were approximately 80% larger
      than those of control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374759
TI  - Transfer from long to short days reduces the frequency of pulsatile luteinizing
      hormone release in intact but not in castrated male golden hamsters.
AB  - In the golden hamster, prolonged exposure to short days (i.e. less than 12.5 h of
      light/day) induces testicular regression that has usually, but not always, been
      reported to be accompanied by a decrease in mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH)
      levels. As LH appears to be released in a pulsatile pattern in most mammalian
      species, we hypothesized that individual variations in serum LH levels over time
      may obscure significant changes in pituitary LH release in hamsters exposed to
      short photoperiods. Therefore, we examined the effects of short day exposure on
      pulsatile LH release in castrated and intact golden hamsters. Intact and
      castrated male golden hamsters were maintained on long days (light:dark 14:10 h)
      or transferred to short days (light:dark 6:18 h). Nine to eleven weeks after
      transfer, animals from all four groups were fitted with intra-atrial cannulas and
      bled at 10-min intervals for 6 h. Exposure to short days inhibited LH release in
      the intact male hamsters. All 6 of the males maintained on long days had
      pulsatile LH release while only 1 of the 4 intact males maintained on short days
      showed a pulse of LH during the 6-hour bleeding session. All of the castrates on
      short days had pulsatile patterns of LH release that were similar in amplitude
      and frequency to those of the castrates on long days. Castrates on long days had
      significantly greater LH pulse frequency and amplitude than intacts on long days.
      From these data we conclude that the pulsatile nature of pituitary LH release in
      the golden hamster mandates frequent sampling over several hours for accurate
      determination of serum LH levels and for determining the effects of photoperiod
      on pituitary gonadotropin release.

PMID- 3374760
TI  - Stimulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression by glucocorticoids in the
      denervated rat intermediate pituitary gland.
AB  - The effect of frontal deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus on pro
      opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression was studied in the intermediate lobe (IL)
      and anterior lobe (AL) of the pituitary gland in the absence and presence of
      corticosterone (CORT). The lesion in the basal hypothalamus removed neural inputs
      to the IL and induced the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in this tissue. The GR was
      visualized in the denervated IL by immunocytochemistry. Induction of the GR had a
      slow onset and was detectable at 3 weeks after lesion, but not at one week after
      the lesion. In order to study the effect of IL denervation on pro
      opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression, the level of messenger RNA specifically
      encoding POMC was measured 1 and 3 weeks after lesion, in the IL and AL. In
      adrenalectomized (ADX) animals, the changes in POMC mRNA levels were not
      significant 1 week after lesion in the IL. Three weeks after denervation there
      was a 3-fold decrease in POMC mRNA in the IL in ADX rats which was blocked by
      chronic CORT replacement via subcutaneously implanted pellets. In the AL, CORT
      reduced the level of POMC gene expression in both the lesioned and control
      animals. It is concluded that (1) removal of neural input induces GR in the
      denervated IL cells; (2) with the appearance of the GR, POMC gene expression in
      the IL becomes sensitive to circulating glucocorticoids; (3) under these
      conditions, CORT may stimulate POMC gene expression in the IL as opposed to its
      inhibitory effect in the AL.

PMID- 3374761
TI  - Preferential interaction of [35S]cysteamine with pituitary secretory granule
      storage forms of prolactin.
AB  - Cysteamine (CySH) inhibits the immunodetectability and bioactivity of prolactin
      (PRL), and we have proposed that it may act by impeding the conversion from
      secretory granule hormone storage forms to releasable and assayable hormone. This
      process appears to be dependent upon thiol:disulfide interchange reactions, which
      can be inhibited by the aminothiol. The present studies utilized [35S]CySH to
      determine whether preferential interactions could be demonstrated between CySH
      and bovine pituitary storage hormone forms as opposed to monomeric PRL. [35S]CySH
      was incubated with purified intact secretory granules, with granule 'core'
      preparations enriched in oligomeric forms by prior hypotonic exposure, with
      chromatographically isolated oligomers, and with monomeric PRL. Binding to
      granules was saturable and pH-dependent with greatest binding observed at pH 7.5
      8.0. Binding to monomer was much less than binding to all other fractions, being
      20% or less than that to any other form. HPLC studies of granules treated with
      [35S]CySH indicated that exposure to CySH was associated with a predominance of
      very high molecular weight oligomers. These forms were entrapped on the gel
      permeation columns, resulting in decreased protein and PRL recovery; as little as
      6.6% of the PRL was eluted after 60 min of CySH exposure. CySH not only bound to
      storage forms of PRL but also to secretory granule membranes; whether the
      bioeffect is mediated through membrane modifications is unknown. Despite its
      relative ineffectiveness at altering growth hormone immunoactivity or secretion,
      CySH nonetheless also bound to growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374763
TI  - Surgical correction of cervical hyperextension in rigid spine syndrome.
AB  - The rigid spine syndrome is a condition characterized by a mild axial and
      proximal myopathy in which the fibrous shortening of spinal extensor muscles
      causes a marked limitation in flexion of the spine. This 10-year-old boy with
      rigid spine syndrome showed a progressive limitation in flexion of the cervical
      spine with fixed hyperextension of the neck. To look forward he had to bend
      forward his trunk flexing hips and knees. An X-ray study demonstrated a
      progressive limitation in flexion but also in extension of the cervical spine. A
      particular radiologic aspect named "Alligator sign" was demonstrated. The
      hyperextension of the neck was corrected surgically by opening the interspinous
      spaces from C2 to C7 through a capsulotomy. The correction was stabilized with
      bone grafts fixed to the spinous processes. This boy with the straightened
      cervical spine was then able to look forward without any compensatory posture.

PMID- 3374762
TI  - The neurohormonal thymic microenvironment: immunocytochemical evidence that
      thymic nurse cells are neuroendocrine cells.
AB  - Thymic neuroendocrine cells were identified by immunofluorescence in the murine
      thymus through the use of monoclonal antibody A2B5, and specific polyclonal
      antisera against neurophysin (NP), oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP).
      Two reactive regions were clearly identified: the subcapsular cortex and the
      medulla. A close correspondence was observed between A2B5-reactive and NP
      immunoreactive cells in the medulla. An important epithelial population of the
      subcapsular cortex, the thymic nurse cells (TNCs), were found to be A2B5-positive
      and to contain immunoreactive NP, OT and AVP. The neuroendocrine nature of TNCs
      was further substantiated by their high reactivity with an antiserum against
      neuron-specific enolase. These observations demonstrate the presence in the
      thymus gland of an original neuroendocrine microenvironment which could be of
      functional importance in the mediation of central influences upon T lymphocyte
      differentiation.

PMID- 3374764
TI  - Cerebro-ocular dysplasia and muscular dystrophy: report of two cases.
AB  - The authors report two cases with severe cerebro-ocular malformations and
      muscular dystrophy who died at 14 and 8 months of age. In both, muscular
      dystrophy was confirmed by EMG and high muscle enzyme values. In one case,
      autopsy showed severe cerebral malformation consisting of lissencephaly,
      hydrocephalus, agenesis of corpus callosum, chiasma and olfactory bulb and lobe,
      absence of pyramides and cerebellar vermis. In sections of cerebral cortex a
      clear absence of structural cellular organization and spongiosis of the white
      matter were evident. Similar disorganization was found in the cerebellum where
      numerous calcifications were present. The muscle showed signs of primitive
      muscular dystrophy. The clinical autonomy of the cerebro-ocular-dysplasia
      muscular-dystrophy syndrome is discussed. The clinical and pathological data are
      compared with the two other similar syndromes (i.e. Fukuyama's and Warburg's
      diseases).

PMID- 3374765
TI  - Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: disease spectrum and differential diagnosis.
AB  - We report six patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and four
      patients including one female with EDMD phenotype (EDMDP). This series includes
      one sporadic case who had previously been reported in this journal under the
      diagnosis of "rigid spine syndrome" in 1977. Time of observation ranged from
      three to ten years. Detailed cardiological assessment was performed in all
      patients, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 9 out of 10 and cardiac
      muscle biopsies from 2 out of 10 patients. One patient showed evidence of
      cardiomyopathy in the absence of clinically apparent neuromuscular disease and
      one sibling of another EDMD patient reportedly had a similar combination of
      symptoms which, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported. Cardiac involvement
      was found to consist of four independent, albeit often combined features: 1)
      impairment of impulse generating cells; 2) conduction defects with atrial
      preponderance; 3) increased atrial and ventricular heterotopia; and 4) functional
      impairment of ventricular myocardium. Ventricular involvement as apparent from
      ventricular heterotopia, abnormal enddiastolic diameter, decrease of
      contractility and/or morphological evidence of ventricular myocardial disease was
      found in 7 out of 10 patients and confirmed by myocardial histopathology in two
      EDMD patients. In one myocardial biopsy extensive accumulations of intermediate
      filaments were observed, a rare finding, which has not been linked to EDMD
      before. Skeletal muscle biopsies showed evidence of myopathy throughout but
      several equivocal features such as fibre type grouping in EDMD and fibre type
      disproportion in EDMDP were also observed. The variability of clinical
      manifestation of both cardiac and neuromuscular disease encompassed a broader
      spectrum than apparent from the literature. The consequences for the inherent
      differential diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3374767
TI  - Tools to differentiate immunologic and non-immunologic myasthenia gravis in
      infancy.
AB  - Twelve patients between 15 months and 13 years of age with clinical and
      pharmacological features of myasthenia gravis were studied. Repetitive nerve
      stimulation did not offer valuable information; the patients demonstrated either
      inspecific muscular decremental response or had normal behavior. Two clear groups
      of patients were identified after measurements of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)
      antibodies and MEPP amplitude recorded in the diaphragm of mice injected with
      sera from those patients. The first group included patients with positive AChR
      antibodies titers and decreased MEPP amplitude. The second one had negative AChR
      antibodies titers and MEPPs with normal amplitude. These data strongly suggest
      immunologic and non-immunologic mechanisms for the former and later respectively.

PMID- 3374766
TI  - Subdural electrodes in the evaluation for epilepsy surgery in children and
      adults.
AB  - To evaluate the utility and safety of chronic extraoperative subdural EEG and
      functional localization studies in children compared to adults, we studied 61
      patients each of whom had similar evaluations for epilepsy surgery, regardless of
      age. The 23 children and adolescents (3 to 18 years old) and the 38 adults (20 to
      41 years old) each had several days and nights of extraoperative EEG from scalp
      and chronically-implanted subdural electrodes, and the same percentage of
      children and adults also had functional localization studies including cortical
      electrical stimulation. The methods and results of these studies and of the
      subsequent resections did not differ between the two groups, and they both had
      similar rate of complications and similar incidence of good outcome. The subdural
      technique was as effective and well-tolerated in children and adolescents as in
      adults. Other invasive EEG techniques have not yet been systematically compared
      between children and adults, but the subdural technique, at least, appears to be
      suitable for patients over a wide age range.

PMID- 3374768
TI  - Influence of head position and head position-change on body posture in pre-term
      infants (A.T.N.R.).
AB  - Although body posture in pre-term infants is generally studied to describe
      developmental aspects, no consensus exists in literature about the influence of
      head position and head position change upon body posture in pre-term infants. In
      a weekly assessed longitudinal study of 15 healthy pre-term infants we
      extensively observed and analysed the flexion and extension patterns of the limbs
      in relation to a "spontaneous" head position turning from 32 to 36 weeks of
      conceptional age. A significant flexion/extension pattern was only observed with
      respect to the leg: turning of the head induced extension of the chin leg and
      flexion of the other leg. This pattern persisted during the total 3 hours
      observation sessions, occurred at every age and in all states, but rapidly
      disappeared within maximal 20 seconds after the head-turning. No consequent
      significant pattern was observed with respect to the other limbs or the various
      other combinations of limb posture changes analysed. An Asymmetric Tonic Neck
      Reflex was seen after only 3 percent of the head position changes.

PMID- 3374769
TI  - High affinity binding of [3H] (-)-nicotine to rat brain membranes and its
      inhibition by analogues of nicotine.
AB  - Analysis of the characteristics of cerebral binding of [3H] (-)-nicotine revealed
      a single population of sites with high affinity (KD = 6.0 +/- 0.6 nM). The
      regional distribution of the binding of [3H] (-)-nicotine was heterogeneous with
      the largest concentration of binding sites being in the thalamus, cortex and
      striatum, and a low level of binding activity in the cerebellum and hypothalamus.
      Competition studies showed that several metabolites and congeners of nicotine
      potently competed with [3H] (-)-nicotine and their in vitro activity was
      correlated with behavioural activity, as estimated from previously published data
      for rats trained to discriminate central effects of nicotine. Conversely,
      nicotine antagonists, with the exception of dihydro-beta-erythroidine, were weak
      or inactive in this binding assay. It is concluded that the binding site for [3H]
      (-)-nicotine investigated probably mediates at least one of the behavioural
      effects of nicotine, the nicotine discrimative stimulus.

PMID- 3374770
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-mediated electrical
      response in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological characteristics of
      the 5-hydroxytryptamine-(5-HT)-induced electrical response in cultured
      neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells of the mouse. In these cells 5-HT induces a transient
      membrane depolarization, which is associated with a transient inward current,
      that has been recorded in voltage clamp experiments on whole cells. The peak
      amplitude of the inward current depends on the concentration of 5-HT applied.
      Maximum peak inward current was evoked by 10 microM 5-HT and half maximum effect
      by 2 microM. Responses to 5-HT were blocked by nanomolar concentrations of
      selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonists, whereas the selective agonist 2-methyl-5-HT
      mimicked the membrane depolarization induced by 5-HT. A number of agonists and
      antagonists, which are known to act on 5-HT1-like, 5-HT2, dopaminergic and
      adrenergic receptors failed to affect the response to 5-HT in neuroblastoma
      cells. Observed antagonistic effects of SCH 23390 [(R)-(+)-8-chloro-2,3,4,5
      tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepi n-7-ol hemimaleate] and haloperidol
      are discussed. The inhibitory effect of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, ICS 205
      930 [(3 alpha-tropanyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid ester] has been demonstrated.
      When cells were exposed to 0.1 nM ICS 205-930 the maximum evoked response was
      reduced by about 50%, but a surmountable shift of the concentration-response
      curve of 5-HT was not observed. The kinetics of the 5-HT-induced inward current
      remained unchanged in the presence of ICS 205-930. Recovery from the block by ICS
      205-930 was very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374771
TI  - Effect of aspirin on haloperidol-induced cataleptic behavior in mice.
AB  - Haloperidol given intraperitoneally dose-dependently elicited cataleptic
      behavior, evaluated by high bar and four-cork tests, in mice. The haloperidol
      induced cataleptic behavior was reduced dose-dependently after oral treatment
      with aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. The intra-cerebroventricular
      administration of prostaglandin F2a produced cataleptic behavior of long duration
      determined by the high bar test. It is suggested that prostaglandins may
      participate in the induction of cataleptic behavior in part.

PMID- 3374773
TI  - Dynamic axial brain stem distortion as a mechanism in the production of brain
      stem hemorrhages: role of the carotid arteries.
AB  - Dynamic axial distortion of the brain stem has long been recognized as occurring
      in the presence of supratentorial mass lesions. Although brain stem hemorrhages
      occur under these circumstances, the pathophysiology of these hemorrhages is
      still a matter of controversy. In the present study, the role of the carotid
      arteries in tethering the brain stem was evaluated during dynamic axial
      distortion of the neuraxis of the dog. Brain stem hemorrhages occurred in 32 of
      48 dogs in which the carotid arteries were left intact (67%) and in only 9 of 46
      animals in which the carotid arteries were sectioned (20%). The difference
      between the two groups is statistically significant (chi 2 = 19.3; P less than
      0.001). In this study, we can eliminate intracranial pressure as the primary
      cause of the lesions because a single variable is present in one series and
      absent in the other, whereas intracranial pressure and its duration are kept
      constant. It is concluded that the tethering effect of the carotid arteries is a
      significant factor in the production of brain stem hemorrhages in the dog by
      dynamic axial distortion of the brain stem. A selective review of the literature
      on production of brain stem lesions is provided to support these findings.

PMID- 3374772
TI  - Striatal tissue transplants attenuate apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in
      rats with unilateral kainic acid lesions.
AB  - Four to six weeks following unilateral striatal kainic acid (KA) lesions,
      challenge with apomorphine (0.5-0.75 mg/kg s.c.) elicited rotational behavior.
      Gestational day 17-19 rat fetal striatal tissue was implanted into the lesioned
      striatum, and rats were rechallenged with apomorphine 10 weeks post-transplant.
      There was a significant reduction in the maximal rate of rotations and an
      alteration in the topography of locomotor activity in response to apomorphine.
      These data indicate that the transplanted material may possess similar
      pharmacological properties as the original host tissue and is capable of
      functionally repairing damage to a complex neurochemical system.

PMID- 3374774
TI  - Functional ultrastructure of cerebrospinal fluid drainage channels in human
      arachnoid villi.
AB  - The functional ultrastructure of the human arachnoid villi was studied to clarify
      drainage channels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The apical portion of each villus
      was usually covered by the arachnoid cell layer alone with no endothelial
      investment, whereas most of the stromal central core was further encompassed by a
      fibrous capsule with an endothelial investment. Accordingly, the CSF-blood
      interface was assumed to be in both the endothelial cells and the arachnoid cell
      layer. The former were characterized by abundant micropinocytotic vesicles and
      occasional intracytoplasmic vacuoles, whereas the latter was characterized by
      numerous extracellular cisterns measuring 10 micron in maximal diameter. There
      were no free communications such as endothelial open junctions or endothelium
      lined tubules. In the villi affected by subarachnoid hemorrhage, endothelial
      cells were intact and continuous despite the erythrocyte-packed subendothelial
      space, which appeared to be on the verge of rupturing. Intracytoplasmic vacuoles,
      measuring less than 1 micron diameter, sometimes contained serum protein-like
      substance. Furthermore, the extracellular cisterns were distended by intact or
      disintegrating erythrocytes that served as a natural tracer, suggesting CSF
      drainage channels. It is conceivable that, in human arachnoid villi, the
      extracellular cisterns of the arachnoid cell layer contribute to the passive
      transport of CSF, whereas micropinocytosis and vacuolization mechanisms of the
      endothelial cells are available for active transport.

PMID- 3374775
TI  - Synovial cysts of the spine.
AB  - A series of 13 patients with synovial or ganglion cysts of the spinal facet
      joints causing nerve root compression is reported. These cysts were found in both
      the cervical and the lumbar spine, and the anatomical location of each cyst
      corresponded to the patient's signs and symptoms. In no case was there evidence
      of intervertebral disc abnormality found at operation. The patients ranged from
      49 to 77 years of age and included 4 men and 9 women. Radiographic evidence of
      facet degenerative change and degenerative spondylolisthesis was frequently but
      not invariably noted. The extradural defects defined with positive contrast
      myelography or postmyelography computed tomographic scanning were usually
      posterior or posterolateral to the common dural sac and were misinterpreted as
      extruded discs in the majority of cases. Treatment consisted of laminectomy and
      surgical excision of cysts. All patients reported improvement or resolution of
      their presenting symptoms.

PMID- 3374776
TI  - Surgical management of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations: review of 138
      cases.
AB  - Extreme lateral disc herniations in the authors' series account for 10% of all
      lumbar herniations; 80% occurred at the L3, L4 and L4, L5 interspaces. The
      authors review the clinical findings in 138 patients and point to the
      characteristic features of the clinical syndrome. They compare the accuracy of
      various diagnostic studies and conclude that computed tomography is highly
      accurate and should be used before other diagnostic studies. Discography is still
      helpful as a confirmatory study in some cases, whereas myelography is
      particularly useful in disclosing other associated lesions. Analysis of the
      operative series revealed a high percentage of extruded fragments (60%) and a
      significant number of double herniations on the same side and at the same level
      (15%). These two findings may respectively preclude chemonucleolysis and
      microsurgery from the surgical management of extreme lateral herniations. Double
      herniations explain some discrepancies in the clinical picture and are emphasized
      as a potential source of error in diagnosis. The surgical technique allows
      exploration for herniations within the intervertebral canal as well as for
      extraforaminal herniations without sacrifice of the facet. Operative results are
      presented.

PMID- 3374777
TI  - Contralateral approach to bilateral and ophthalmic aneurysms.
AB  - In a previous survey, we found a high incidence of fatal rupture of an unclipped
      aneurysm in patients with multiple aneurysms. To deal with this problem, we
      introduced a more vigorous technique that accesses aneurysms previously
      considered unapproachable during one operating session. Attempts were made to
      clip middle cerebral and ophthalmic aneurysms contralateral to the operative
      exposure. We have successfully clipped contralateral aneurysms of the posterior
      communicating artery when bilateral aneurysms were present. We have also used
      this contralateral approach successfully with single ophthalmic and proximal
      carotid aneurysms that pointed medially. We review the cases of 39 patients with
      43 intracranial aneurysms operated from the contralateral side and present the
      surgical technique in relation to the angiographic findings.

PMID- 3374778
TI  - Experimental cerebral infarction in the dog: electron microscopic studies of the
      microvasculature.
AB  - Ultramicromorphological changes of the cerebral vessels were studied by
      observation of ultrathin section specimens under the transmission electron
      microscope, vascular cast specimens under the scanning electron microscope, and
      freeze-fracture replica specimens under the transmission electron microscope.
      Extensive infarction was found in areas supplied by the middle cerebral artery,
      but the disturbances in the microvasculature of the lesion are not simple.
      Bleeding came from arterioles in the basal ganglia, a perforating arterial
      terminal zone, and from venules in the corticomedullary border, a cortical
      arterial terminal zone. The number of pinocytotic vesicles was 3 times normal in
      the capillaries of ischemic cortex, and vesicle size increased 1.3 times. The
      tight junctions revealed discontinuity of strand-composing intramembranous
      particles, but no obvious disruption. It is concluded, therefore, that vesicular
      transport plays a major role in the increase of capillary permeability during
      experimental infarction.

PMID- 3374779
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic elderly patients.
AB  - Fifty-three of 203 consecutive carotid endarterectomies (26%) performed on the
      Neurosurgical Service at the University of Iowa were in patients over 70 years of
      age (mean age, 73.4). This series included 38 men and 15 women. Thirty-three
      patients (62%) presented with transient ischemic attacks, and the remaining 38%
      were functional stroke patients. Medical risk factors in this group included
      hypertension in 70%, previous myocardial infarction in 26%, angina in 17%,
      peripheral vascular disease in 23%, and diabetes in 13%. Sixty-four per cent of
      the patients had been previously treated with antihypertensive drugs, 43% with
      antiplatelet agents, and 4% with anticoagulants. Noninvasive vascular evaluation
      was performed in 25 of 53 (47%) patients, and all underwent angiography before
      operation. There were no angiographic complications. All patients were operated
      on with full-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Indwelling shunts
      were required in 6 of 53 (11%) cases. Intraoperative heparin was given and not
      reversed; the mean dose was 5100 units. The mean clamp time was 48 minutes. Patch
      grafts, fashioned from common facial or saphenous veins, were used in 2 patients.
      Eight patients had contralateral carotid occlusions, but only 2 (25%) required
      indwelling shunt placement based on EEG criteria. There were no perioperative
      deaths in this series. One patient had a postoperative stroke, and 1 patient had
      a postoperative nonfatal myocardial infarction. Transient surgical complications
      included 3 wound hematomas, 1 wound abscess, and 2 self-limited cranial nerve
      palsies (13%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374780
TI  - Treatment of recurrent brain stem gliomas and other central nervous system tumors
      with 5-fluorouracil, CCNU, hydroxyurea, and 6-mercaptopurine.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with recurrent malignant central nervous system gliomas were
      treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, CCNU, hydroxyurea, and 6
      mercaptopurine. Thirteen patients had brain stem gliomas, 3 patients had spinal
      cord gliomas, 3 patients had thalamic gliomas, and 2 patients had cerebellar
      astrocytomas. All patients had received radiation therapy, and 4 brain stem
      patients had also been treated with chemotherapy. Sixteen patients (76%)
      responded to treatment with either stabilization of disease or improvement. Nine
      of the 13 patients with brain stem gliomas (71%) had response or stabilization of
      disease. The median time to tumor progression (TTP) for the brain stem patients
      who responded or had stabilization of disease was 25 weeks. The median survival
      from recurrence for the brain stem glioma patients was 27 weeks. Patients with
      cerebellar, thalamic, and spinal cord tumors did very well, with an 87% response
      or stabilization of disease and a median TTP of 122 weeks.

PMID- 3374781
TI  - Cysts with mural tumor nodules in the cerebral hemispheres.
AB  - Ten cases of cystic tumor with mural nodules in the cerebral hemispheres are
      reported. The tumors include five benign astrocytomas, two meningiomas, one
      ependymoma, one neuroblastoma, and one hemangioblastoma. In all cases, computed
      tomography showed enhancing mural tumors without enhancement of the cyst wall.
      Complete removal of the mural tumor without excision of the cyst is the goal of
      operation. The prognosis for patients with cystic tumors with mural nodules is
      excellent, clearly better than that of solid tumors.

PMID- 3374782
TI  - Preliminary experiences with brachial plexus exploration in children: birth
      injury and vehicular trauma.
AB  - The application of microsurgical techniques to the peripheral nervous system has
      made possible the reconstruction of the brachial plexus after vehicular and
      penetrating injuries. We now report our preliminary experiences utilizing these
      same techniques in the microsurgical management of brachial plexus birth injury.
      In contrast to other authors and in distinction from our own experiences with
      vehicular trauma in children, we did not find lesions requiring reconstruction by
      grafting or neurotization in any of seven plexus explorations for birth injury.
      The history of the surgical management of brachial plexus birth injury is
      reviewed, and the rationale for exploration is developed in the context of the
      natural history of the condition. Differences between our experiences and the
      existing literature are analyzed, with particular regard for timing of operation
      and technique of intraoperative assessment of nerve injury. All children with
      birth injuries of the brachial plexus require careful, repeated neurological
      evaluation during the first few months of life. Although the great majority make
      a rapid and satisfactory spontaneous recovery, the minority who do not recover
      are destined to suffer significant, life-long disability. Microsurgical brachial
      plexus exploration may benefit this select group of patients.

PMID- 3374783
TI  - Radicular compression due to lumbar intraspinal gas pseudocyst: case report.
AB  - A case of sciatic pain syndrome is reported. Computed tomography showed evidence
      of gas in the spinal canal, and at operation a gas-filled pseudocyst was found in
      the spinal canal, without herniated disc. The cause of this unique case is
      discussed in relation to the spinal vacuum phenomenon.

PMID- 3374784
TI  - Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma.
AB  - A case report of intramedullary spinal tuberculomas presenting as cervical
      myelopathy is described. The rarity of these lesions in North America make this
      case unique. The use of modern neurodiagnostic and microsurgical techniques as
      well as the use of postoperative antituberculous drugs resulted in a good
      outcome. The first known description of magnetic resonance imaging of
      intramedullary spinal tuberculomas is presented. The gross and microscopic
      appearances of the lesion are given.

PMID- 3374785
TI  - Segmental spinal dysgenesis.
AB  - Segmental spinal dysgenesis is characterized by focal agenesis or dysgenesis of
      the lumbar or thoracolumbar spine, with focal abnormality of the underlying
      spinal cord and nerve roots. Children are symptomatic at birth with lower limb
      deformities and neurological deficits that may be segmental. Myelography and
      computed tomography disclose hypoplastic or absent vertebrae and atrophic or
      absent neural elements adjacent to the bony deformity; the spinal column distal
      to the abnormality may be partially bifid, but is otherwise normal. Spinal
      ultrasonography was a helpful diagnostic adjunct in one patient. Surgery may be
      helpful in decompressing partially functioning spinal cord or nerve roots, but
      may exaggerate the tendency toward spinal instability. The embryology of this
      abnormality is not clear, but two children had other anomalies suggesting a
      spinal dysraphic syndrome, and its cause is probably related to a segmental
      maldevelopment of the neural tube.

PMID- 3374787
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic syringomyelia with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case
      report with magnetic resonance scan correlation.
AB  - This report describes a patient with communicating syringomyelia associated with
      enlarged cerebral ventricles who was managed by placing a ventriculoperitoneal
      shunt. His clinical improvement was rapid and dramatic. A comparison of
      preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance scans documents shrinkage of
      the cervical syrinx.

PMID- 3374786
TI  - Resolution of syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation by ventriculoatrial
      shunting in a patient with pseudotumor cerebri and a lumboperitoneal shunt.
AB  - A sneeze caused acute left arm pain in a 36-year-old woman with a lumboperitoneal
      (LP) shunt that had been placed 3 years earlier for relief of headaches caused by
      pseudotumor cerebri. Numbness progressed up the left arm, neck, and back of the
      head and finally into the left face along with weakness of the hand and arm.
      Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography revealed new tonsillar
      herniation and a large eccentric syrinx extending from C2 to T6. The functioning
      LP shunt was clamped, and a ventriculoatrial shunt was placed. Pain lessened and
      motor function improved slightly. MRI revealed complete resolution of the syrinx
      and resolution of the tonsillar herniation. Theories of syringomyelia formation,
      the relationship to Chiari I malformation, and the implications of this case are
      discussed.

PMID- 3374788
TI  - Hydrocephalus and intraspinal tumor.
AB  - Hydrocephalus with spinal subarachnoid obstruction is rare, and its cause is
      obscure. Two such patients are presented. The pathophysiology is reviewed. Spinal
      absorptive pathways for cerebrospinal fluid are postulated to play a critical
      role in such cases.

PMID- 3374789
TI  - Detection of shunt-induced intracerebral hemorrhage by postoperative skull films:
      a report of two cases.
AB  - The authors report two cases of large intracerebral hematomas complicating
      venticuloperitoneal shunting for normal pressure hydrocephalus. This potentially
      devastating consequence of shunting is rarely reported. In each case, an abnormal
      course of the ventricular catheter was evident on postoperative skull films.

PMID- 3374790
TI  - Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but devastating complication
      in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We report four
      patients with chronic ITP unresponsive to steroid treatment who developed ICH.
      One patient had systemic lupus erythematosus; in another patient, the ICH
      originated from an arteriovenous malformation. High dose steroids, platelet
      concentrates, emergency splenectomy, and subsequent evacuation of intracranial
      hematoma, if necessary, can lead to a reasonable outcome of ICH in patients with
      chronic ITP.

PMID- 3374791
TI  - 133Xe blood flow monitoring during arteriovenous malformation resection: a case
      of intraoperative hyperperfusion with subsequent brain swelling.
AB  - Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using the i.v. 133Xe technique
      was carried out during resection of a right temporooccipital arteriovenous
      malformation (AVM) with ipsilateral middle and posterior cerebral arterial
      supply. Intraoperatively, a rCBF detector was in place over the right
      frontotemporal area, about 5 to 6 cm from the border of the AVM. Anesthesia was
      0.75% isoflurane in oxygen and nitrous oxide. After dural exposure, the rCBF was
      27 ml/100 g/min at a pCO2 of 29 mm Hg and a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 90 mm
      Hg. The pCO2 was then elevated to 40 mm Hg, and the rCBF was increased to 55
      ml/100 g/min at a MAP of 83 mm Hg. After AVM removal, the rCBF rose to 50 ml/100
      g/min at a pCO2 of 27 mm Hg and a MAP of 75 mm Hg. The pCO2 was elevated to 33 mm
      Hg and the rCBF increased to 86 ml/100 g/min at a MAP of 97 mm Hg. During skin
      closure, the rCBF was 94 ml/100 g/min at a pCO2 of 26 mm Hg and a MAP of 97 mm
      Hg. The patient was neurologically normal postoperatively except for a mild, new
      visual field defect. After 2 to 3 days, the patient gradually developed lethargy,
      confusion, and nausea with relatively normal blood pressure. An angiogram
      revealed residual enlargement of the posterior cerebral artery feeding vessel.
      Computed tomography showed edema extending from the area of AVM resection as far
      as the frontal region, producing a significant midline shift anteriorly.
      Intraoperative rCBF monitoring revealed significant hyperperfusion after AVM
      resection, which was associated with signs and symptoms of the normal perfusion
      pressure breakthrough syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374792
TI  - Cellular blue nevus ("melanocytoma") of the spinal meninges: electron microscopic
      and immunohistochemical features.
AB  - A primary cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of the spinal canal in a 21-year-old
      woman is reported. Light microscopic examination revealed a melanotic neoplasm
      with histological patterns resembling schwannoma, dermal nevi, and neuroblastic
      like tumor. The ultrastructural features of the neoplastic cells were similar to
      those in dermal blue nevi and melanomas. There was no evidence of arachnoidal
      cell differentiation. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive reactions for S-100
      protein and neuron-specific enolase in many cells and no reactions for glial
      fibrillary acidic protein, cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, 70-kD
      neurofilament protein, or Leu-7. Vimentin was strongly positive in the
      melanocytic cells as well as in the arachnoidal cells of involved meninges. The
      ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features support the nevoid nature of
      this tumor, which is frequently mislabeled as "melanotic meningioma."

PMID- 3374793
TI  - Exteriorization of the subdural pocket for chronic recurrent subdural hematoma.
AB  - The author describes a new operative method for treating chronic recurrent
      subdural hematoma. The subdural pocket is exteriorized so that it is in
      continuity with the subgaleal space through a limited extradural pocket and an L
      shaped linear craniectomy. This procedure has been carried out in two patients
      with recurrent chronic subdural hematoma, both of whom made complete recoveries
      despite initial recurrence of the subdural hematoma.

PMID- 3374794
TI  - Tort reform: a substantive change.
AB  - "No longer is the decisive question whether the party sued--the defendant-
      negligently harmed someone. The question now centers on how much the plaintiff
      ought to be compensated for injuries". "The underlying problem here is not an
      epidemic of incompetence among doctors. It is an epidemic of grossly unrealistic
      expectations of what doctors can do--encouraged, unfortunately, by courts which
      should known better. People have come to believe that doctors should never make
      mistakes and courts have reinforced this absurd requirement of infallibility by
      punishing breaches with settlements way out of proportion to actual damages".
      "Personal-injury awards, especially jury awards, are out of touch with reality.
      They are often based on estimates of how much money the defendants have rather
      than whether they are at fault".

PMID- 3374795
TI  - Factors that predict costs for neurosurgery patients.

PMID- 3374796
TI  - Volume expansion and cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3374797
TI  - Unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

PMID- 3374799
TI  - Reactions of patients with focal cerebral lesions to success or failure.
AB  - Multiple measures were used to investigate emotional reactions to card sorting in
      patients with focal cerebral lesions and in matched non-brain-injured controls.
      Spontaneous facial expressions of patients with anterior lesions were
      impoverished, relative to the posterior group, on a quantitative index of facial
      movement. This deficit did not appear to be attributable to group differences on
      lesion variables, or degree of cognitive deficit. There were also indications
      that a "non-emotional" facial-motor deficit was not the primary cause. The marked
      anterior deficit for facial movement was not, however, associated with equally
      pronounced deficits on qualitative, self-report and heart rate indices of
      emotional response. Right hemisphere patients differed from left hemisphere
      patients on only one qualitative measure of emotional reaction, but this may have
      been due to the stronger negative reactions of dysphasic patients. Left
      unilateral neglect was not associated with reduced emotional response.

PMID- 3374798
TI  - Drawing ability in four young children with congenital unilateral brain lesions.
AB  - The drawings of four 5-yr-old children, two with left and two right hemisphere
      congenital brain injury, were compared with those of 20 normal 3.5-5 yr-olds. Two
      types of drawings were evaluated: copied geometric forms and free drawings. The
      children with left hemisphere injury showed normal development in both copying
      and free drawing. The children with right hemisphere injury were developmentally
      impaired in the copying task. In addition, their free drawings lacked
      configurational coherence; they included the elements of the figures but failed
      to arrange them in spatially organized ways. This failure to organize spatially
      elements is consistent with the descriptions of spatial cognitive disorders found
      in the drawings of adults with right parietal brain lesions.

PMID- 3374800
TI  - Olfactory identification deficits in patients with focal cerebral excision.
AB  - The ability to identify common odors using the University of Pennsylvania Smell
      Identification Test was investigated in 120 patients with a focal surgical brain
      lesion and 20 normal control subjects. Results showed significant impairment
      after right or left temporal lobectomy, right or left frontal lobectomy, and
      right frontotemporal excision. Patients whose excision was confined to the left
      central, parietal or posterior area showed no significant deficit. The impairment
      after frontal lobectomy was demonstrated only in patients whose frontal-lobe
      removal invaded the orbital cortex; that group also showed a significantly
      greater impairment than did the temporal lobectomy group. All patient groups
      showed normal detection thresholds for n-butyl alcohol.

PMID- 3374801
TI  - The effects of hemispatial and asymmetrically focused attention on dichotic
      listening with normal and learning-disabled children.
AB  - The effects of hemispatial and focused attention were examined with 50 normal and
      learning-disabled children to determine the extent of these two attentional
      strategies influenced perceptual laterality as reflected by the dichotic
      listening right-ear advantage (REA). Twenty-five normal children (8 females, 17
      males, mean age 9.10 yr) matched with 25 learning-disabled children (8 females,
      17 males, mean age 10.1 yr) were administered a dichotic consonant-vowel (CV) and
      consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) syllable task. The two types of stimuli were
      compared across focused attention (free report, focused left, focused right) and
      hemispatial (central, left hemispace, right hemispace) conditions implemented
      independently and in systematic combinations. A four-factorial analysis of
      variance (groups x stimuli x conditions x ears) resulted in a significant REA for
      normal children across all attentional conditions whereas learning-disabled did
      not produce a consistent REA across all attentional conditions, and in several
      instances, produced equivalent left and right hemisphere processing. Right
      hemispatial orientation increased the magnitude of the REA (i.e., left hemisphere
      processing) for both groups, whereas left hemispatial orientation increased the
      magnitude of the left ear report (i.e., right hemisphere processing) only in
      learning-disabled subjects. Focused attention to the right ear also increased
      left hemisphere efficiency for both groups of children; however, focused
      attention to the left ear produced symmetrical functioning by learning-disabled
      subjects. Congruent combinations of focused attention and hemispatial orientation
      were not found to enhance the REA beyond its magnitude when each strategy was
      assessed independently. When focused attention and hemispatial conditions were
      employed in opposing directions, normal children were more susceptible to the
      "rightward" direction regardless of the strategy whereas learning-disabled
      subjects were more susceptible to the "verbal" nature of the strategy. Higher
      overall processing performance was exhibited for CVC stimuli when compared to CV
      stimuli. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that hemispatial and
      asymmetrically focused attention strategies interact with structural mechanisms
      in producing the observed REA in dichotic listening and do so differentially for
      normal and learning-disabled children.

PMID- 3374802
TI  - Attentional factors in the occurrence of stimulus-response compatibility effects.
AB  - Two major hypotheses have been advanced to account for stimulus-response
      compatibility effects in the situation in which the location of the target is
      irrelevant for choosing the correct response. According to the attentional
      hypothesis, compatibility effects reflect a response bias, favoring the effector
      on the same side as the stimulus. According to the coding hypothesis,
      compatibility effects result from a correspondence between the spatial codes of
      the stimulus and effector. In the present study, two components of attention-
      selective attention and intention--were independently manipulated by providing
      selective preparatory information before onset of a target stimulus. Attentional
      information indicated where the target stimulus would occur; intentional
      information indicated which hand would have to be used to respond. Compatibility
      effects were observed only in the condition in which intentional information, but
      no attentional information, was provided. These findings support the attentional
      hypothesis and indicate that a specific aspect of attention, namely a selective
      readiness to respond to the stimulus, is a necessary condition for compatibility
      effects to occur.

PMID- 3374803
TI  - Visuospatial tasks compared via activation of regional cerebral blood flow.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in 19 subjects during the performance
      of three tasks thought to primarily involve right hemisphere processing:
      judgement of line orientation, mental rotation of three-dimensional cube arrays,
      and a fragment puzzle task. Asymmetries in hemispheric flow (right side greater)
      were only observed in the line orientation and rotation conditions and were
      present in both sexes. The magnitude of the asymmetry was greater in the rotation
      task which also showed an asymmetry in parietal flow. Thus mental rotation placed
      the most asymmetric demand on cerebral resources. This provides a task that more
      reliably activates the right hemisphere than those previously reported and
      suggests a truly "mental manipulative" aspect to right hemisphere advantage in
      visuospatial performance.

PMID- 3374804
TI  - Context effects on saccade-related brain potentials to words during reading.
AB  - In two experiments saccade-related brain potentials (SRPs) to sentences were
      investigated under conditions approximating natural reading. Our aim was to look
      for electrophysiological (SRP) signs of sentence context on the processing of
      final words that were either congruent or incongruent with the meaning of the
      sentence. In Experiment 1 subjects indicated by a button-press whether or not the
      final word was congruent with the context, while in Experiment 2 they read
      silently without an overt decision. In Experiment 1, SRPs to incongruent words
      were more negative than SRPs to congruent words between 80-310 msec (from saccade
      offset). In Experiment 2, however, the inconcruent SRPs became more negative than
      the congruent SRPs only between 280-460 msec. These results suggest that in
      Experiment 1, during the processing of incongruent words the early sign of
      registering mismatch appears simultaneously with the analysis of the visual
      features of the word.

PMID- 3374805
TI  - Demography of handedness in two samples of randomly selected adults (N = 2083).
AB  - Handedness was examined in relation to sex, race, age, education, occupation,
      marital status, and religious preferences for two random samples of adults drawn
      from an urban population. There were statistically significant differences on
      each variable for the total of 2083 respondents as well as for many subgroups
      based on combinations of sex, race, and age. The results are compared to previous
      findings.

PMID- 3374806
TI  - A comparison of the rate of pinch grip force increases and decreases in
      parkinsonian bradykinesia.
AB  - Two cases of untreated patients with asymmetric bradykinetic symptoms are
      described. In the more affected hand, the production of decreases in isometric
      pinch grip force is slowed more than increases.

PMID- 3374807
TI  - [Temporary mirror writing and mirror reading as disinhibition phenomena? A case
      study].
AB  - After removal of a left parietal meningioma a 74-year-old right-handed woman
      developed temporary mirror writing and mirror reading. Further analysis of the
      mirror phenomena came from tachistoscopic hemifield stimulation showing a right
      hemisphere superiority for the recognition of words presented in mirror fashion.
      These neuropsychological results are discussed in the context of common concepts.
      Finally the hypothesis of bihemispheral mirror-image engrams according to Orton
      will be suggested as a comprehensive explanation and supported by evidence from
      the literature.

PMID- 3374808
TI  - Naltrexone blocks the enhancing effect of novel experiences on performance in
      memory tests in humans.
AB  - Two experiments were carried out in healthy human volunteers in order to
      investigate the effect of novel experiences on retrieval, and the influence of
      naltrexone thereupon. Naltrexone (50 mg) and placebo (50 mg of starch) were given
      orally using a double blind design. In Experiment 1, the subjects were asked, on
      two consecutive days, to recall well-known facts or events, and to recall the
      year in which major events took place. On Day 2, some subjects were, and others
      were not, exposed to a nonsense text prior to testing, which was viewed as a
      novel experience by the subjects. Exposure to the text was followed by enhanced
      scores in both memory tests. The effect was blocked by naltrexone, but not by the
      placebo, given 1 hr prior to the novel experience; the treatments had no effect
      of their own in subjects unexposed to the nonsense text. In Experiment 2, the
      memory tests were the recognition of famous faces, and the dates test (see
      above); and the novel experience was being taken for 5 min to a room where they
      had never been before. Again, the novel experience was followed by increased
      scores in both memory tests in the untreated and placebo groups, but not in the
      naltrexone treated subjects. These results confirm previous findings on memory
      enhancement by pre-test exposure to novel experiences, and suggest that
      endogenous opioid, or at least naltrexone-sensitive, mechanisms are involved in
      the effect.

PMID- 3374809
TI  - [Scintigraphic study of esophageal transit times after anti-reflux plasty:
      comparison with radiology and pH-manometry].

PMID- 3374810
TI  - [Surgery of pulmonary carcinoma. Considerations on experience with 703 surgically
      treated cases].

PMID- 3374811
TI  - [Surgery of bullous pneumopathies].

PMID- 3374812
TI  - [Therapeutic treatment of extensive cutaneous epitheliomas].

PMID- 3374813
TI  - [Short-term antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis in surgery at high risk for infectious
      complications: ceftriaxone versus cefoxitin ].

PMID- 3374814
TI  - [Use of Angelchik's prosthesis in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal
      reflux and hiatal hernia].

PMID- 3374815
TI  - [Surgical proposal for duodeno-jejunal diversion in a patient with severe
      dyspeptic disorders].

PMID- 3374816
TI  - [Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas (cystadenomas and
      cystadenocarcinomas). Apropos of 3 cases].

PMID- 3374817
TI  - [Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma in childhood].

PMID- 3374818
TI  - [Endoscopic findings after gastric surgery: suture stitches protruding into the
      anastomotic lumen].

PMID- 3374819
TI  - [Basal cell epithelioma of the nose: long-term results of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3374820
TI  - Predictive factors for thrombosis of PTFE femoropopliteal bypass grafts and the
      management of this complication.
AB  - Fifty PTFE (Goretex) femoropopliteal bypasses were performed for intermittent
      claudication (23 pts), rest pain (12 pts) or loss of tissue (15 pts). Thirty-one
      grafts occluded during the follow-up period up to 39 months, 19 grafts were
      patent. The two groups are compared regarding severity of ischaemia, outflow
      tract, distal anastomosis and ankle brachial ratio. Except for the severity of
      ischaemia, these factors showed a statistically significant difference between
      the two groups. A total of 51 reoperations were performed on 31 thrombosed
      grafts. Only one of the 24 thrombectomies was successful. A new PTFE or composed
      grafts never remained patent during the follow-up. Only four of the eight new
      venous bypasses had a long-term patency. Thrombosis of 31 PTFE femoropopliteal
      bypass led to amputation in 14 cases.

PMID- 3374821
TI  - The use of arm veins as peripheral vascular grafts.
AB  - Below-knee femoro-popliteal and especially femoro-distal bypass with
      nonautologous bypass material is met with poor patency rates. During an eight
      year period, nine (composite) arm-vein grafts were done in eight patients. In
      only one patient, the arm-vein bypass was a primary procedure. In four patients
      this concerned a secondary procedure and in four a tertiary procedure. All eight
      patients demonstrated critical ischaemia of the affected limb. Distal anastomosis
      involved the below-knee popliteal artery in three cases and the tibial artery in
      the remainder six. In all but one case runoff was poor to extremely poor.
      Notwithstanding these unfavourable characteristics, eight out of nine bypasses
      have remained patent after a mean follow-up of 29 months (range five to 72
      months). The only bypass that occluded did so without any symptoms or effect on
      the viability of the foot. In four patients, the arm veins were too narrow for
      grafting. Four to six weeks after construction of an arteriovenous fistula at the
      wrist their arm veins were at least partially suitable for grafting.

PMID- 3374822
TI  - Experiences with external fixation with emphasis on the complications.
AB  - A series of 157 external skeletal fixations carried out in 135 patients was
      retrospectively studied with special attention to related complications like
      incorrect placement of pins, pintrack infections, instability, fistulisation or
      osteitis. Complications were seen in 31 procedures, eight of these were more or
      less serious. The results show that external fixation, though indispensable for
      the treatment of various skeletal affections, is associated with a considerable
      high risk of complications.

PMID- 3374823
TI  - Torsion of the gallbladder.
AB  - Two patients are presented with torsion of the gallbladder, a rare disorder
      mainly seen in elderly women. The postoperative course was uneventful in both
      patients. The anatomic abnormalities which allow torsion of the gallbladder are
      discussed together with some etiological factors. The prognosis of this disorder
      is favorable when cholecystectomy is performed without delay.

PMID- 3374824
TI  - Percutaneous endoscopic gastropexy for large bore transgastric drainage of
      pancreatic pseudocysts.
AB  - Percutaneous anterior gastropexy performed under gastroscopic control offers the
      possibility for large bore catheters to be used in transgastric drainage of
      pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastropexy also allows easy replacement of an obstructed
      drain and reinsertion of a larger drain.

PMID- 3374825
TI  - A case of 'therapeutic' galactography.

PMID- 3374826
TI  - [Platelet aggregation in whole blood and prostacyclin in hyperlipemia types II
      and IV].
AB  - Platelets play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
      Prostacyclin is a strong physiological inhibitor of platelets aggregation;
      prostacyclin indeed is involved in the regulation of platelet interactions with
      vessel walls and is considered to play a major role in the homeostatic balance.
      The impedance aggregometry allows the evaluation of platelet aggregation in whole
      blood. We valued platelet aggregation in whole blood induced by ADP (10 microM)
      in 40 healthy subjects and in 40 type II and type IV hyperlipemic subjects.
      Meanwhile by radioimmunoassay we dosed 6-keto PGF1 alpha, a stable product of
      prostacyclin, in 7 healthy subjects and in 33 hyperlipemic subjects. The
      statistical investigation put in evidence that at higher plasmatic levels of
      cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL correspond a greater platelet sensitivity to
      the aggregating agent, while the opposite happens to higher levels of HDL. The
      dosage of 6-keto PGF1 alpha put in evidence an increase of this substance in
      hyperlipemic as to healthy subjects, probably as an answer to augmented platelet
      aggregation.

PMID- 3374827
TI  - [Hemorheology and acute in vivo changes in non-viscous serum factors].
AB  - During research into a real model permitting study of the rheological effect of
      serum constituents without viscous power, the viscous features of blood and
      plasma and erythrocyte deformability and aggregability were evaluated before and
      after dialysis in relation to variables acutely modified by therapy.
      Interdependence with certain serum factors often considered responsible for
      rheological changes in various pathologies after maximum alteration and, in the
      short term in the same subject, under normal conditions were controlled.

PMID- 3374828
TI  - [Antiemetic protocol in oncohematologic polychemotherapy].
AB  - Authors, in an open and preliminary study, evaluate the beneficial effects on
      chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting of an association of three antiemetic
      drugs parenterally administered. Twenty-six patients receiving chemotherapy for
      Lymphomas (195 cycles) were treated with: Chlorpheniramine maleate 10 mg IM 45'
      before, Sulpiride 200 mg in normal saline 100 ml, at XXX gtt/m', 20' before, and
      6-Methyl-Prednisolone 500 mg IV over 2'-3' immediately before chemotherapy.
      Patients were evaluated for emesis over 48 hours after chemotherapy: they were
      interviewed on nausea, vomiting and other possible side-effects. The antiemetic
      activity observed was: complete response in 73.1% (19/26); partial response 27.9%
      (7/26). Failure of response was never observed. 166/195 cycles were well
      tolerated. Our results demonstrate the antiemetic efficacy of this antiemetic
      regimen. Further studies should investigate its use in randomized trials.

PMID- 3374829
TI  - [Study of the motivations for balneotherapy. Considerations on the needs of
      thermal baths users].
AB  - After a brief reminder of the dual therapeutic aspect (biological and
      psychological) of spa treatment, the results are presented of a series of
      psychological reaction tests (McFarland's Psychosomatic Inventory, the Middlesex
      Hospital Questionnaire, the Rorschach test) given to a randomized sample of 106
      patients together with semistructured interviews conducted by two different
      psychiatrists. The results show substantial agreement between the motivations
      volunteered verbally and those revealed by the tests and may be summed up as
      affective rigidity, impoverished emotional life and difficulty in handling body
      related anxieties. It is therefore suggested that it would be useful to create a
      psychosocial spa centre able to provide global treatment adapted to the specific
      needs of individual users.

PMID- 3374830
TI  - [Use of estrogens in post-coital contraception. Our case material of 243 cases].

PMID- 3374831
TI  - [Results of the use of vitamins A and E in a sample of 256 women with fibrocystic
      mastopathy].

PMID- 3374832
TI  - [Effect of estrogen-progesterone treatment on trabecular and cortical bone
      mineral content in rats].

PMID- 3374833
TI  - The glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method in peroxidase histochemistry of the nervous
      system.
AB  - A combination of the glucose oxidase-diaminobenzidine (DAB) method and the DAB
      nickel method can successfully bring out details of immunoreactive structures in
      immunostained preparations. It is especially beneficial for visualizing fibers
      and terminals.

PMID- 3374834
TI  - A high density of muscarinic receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of
      the rat is revealed by correction for autoradiographic efficiency.
AB  - Previous reports of a low density of muscarinic receptors in the vicinity of the
      rostral ventrolateral reticular nucleus (RVL) conflict with the presence of a
      muscarinic cholinergic mechanism regulating arterial pressure, and may reflect
      low autoradiographic efficiency due to quenching of tritium emissions by white
      matter. Regional autoradiographic efficiency was determined using brains
      uniformly labeled with O-[3H]methylglucose. Within the RVL, autoradiographic
      efficiency was only 50 +/- 2% relative to gray matter. The uncorrected density of
      muscarinic receptors (M2) labeled by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in the RVL
      appeared to be low relative to cranial nerve nuclei, but the corrected muscarinic
      receptor density approximated that within the nucleus tractus solitarii. We
      conclude that a high density of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is present
      in the RVL.

PMID- 3374835
TI  - Entorhinal projections to the hippocampal CA1 region in the rat: an
      underestimated pathway.
AB  - The projections of the entorhinal cortex to CA1 in relation to the entorhinal
      dentate projections were studied in the rat, using the anterograde transport of
      Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. It was observed that the entorhinal cortex is
      heterogeneous with respect to the origin of these projections. Caudomedial
      portions of the entorhinal cortex mainly distribute fibers to the fascia dentata,
      whereas only a minor projection reaches CA1. Progressively more rostral and
      lateral parts of the entorhinal cortex project more strongly to CA1, at the
      expense of the number of fibers that terminate in the fascia dentata. The
      rostrolateral part of the entorhinal cortex, adjacent to the olfactory cortex and
      the amygdaloid complex, projects only to CA1.

PMID- 3374837
TI  - Anatomical localization of afferent and postganglionic sympathetic neurons
      innervating the rat ovary.
AB  - The fluorescent retrograde tracer, True blue, was applied directly to either the
      superior ovarian nerve (SON) or the ovarian plexus nerve (OPN) in the rat.
      Afferent perikarya were located in lower thoracic-upper lumbar dorsal root
      ganglia and projected to the ovary via both nerve routes. Postganglionic
      sympathetic efferent perikarya were located in both prevertebral and
      thoracolumbar paravertebral ganglia and also utilized both the SON and OPN to
      reach the ovary. The significance of the dual origin of postganglionic
      sympathetic neurons innervating the rat ovary is not known.

PMID- 3374836
TI  - Angiotensin II specific receptors in subcommissural organ.
AB  - In the subcommissural organ of male rats, a circumventricular organ situated
      inside the blood-brain barrier, specific receptors for angiotensin II were
      demonstrated by binding studies on homogenated membranes and by autoradiography
      carried out on frozen sections using 125I-angiotensin II. The receptor sites were
      localized in the subnuclear region of cells of the subcommissural organ. A single
      class of binding sites was found whose capacity was modulated by changes in the
      sodium plasma concentration which led to variations in plasma volume.

PMID- 3374838
TI  - Changes in sleep--waking cycle induced by lesions of medialis dorsalis thalamic
      nuclei in the cat.
AB  - Bilateral lesions of medialis dorsalis (MD) thalamic nuclei in chronically
      implanted cats disrupt the sleep-waking cycle by inducing a reduction of both
      slow-wave and desynchronized sleep and a corresponding increase of wakefulness.
      Bilateral lesions of the anterior thalamic group produce some postural deficits
      but no changes in the percentage of sleep and wakefulness. The hypothesis that MD
      lesions alter the sleep processes by interrupting an anterior forebrain-MD
      cortical link has been put forward.

PMID- 3374839
TI  - Effects of kainic acid lesions on calcium uptake and dopamine release in nerve
      endings isolated from rat striata.
AB  - Rats were injected intrastriatally with kainic acid and the viability of
      dopaminergic terminals two days following the injection was determined by
      comparing voltage dependent calcium uptake and dopamine release in isolated nerve
      endings. Evoked dopamine release remained normal following the lesion, but the
      initial rate of potassium stimulated calcium entry decreased by approximately
      1/3. These results suggest that the excitotoxic lesion caused by acute
      intrastriatal injection of kainic acid results in retention of functional
      dopaminergic terminals.

PMID- 3374840
TI  - Cardiovascular actions of neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamic paraventricular
      nucleus of conscious Long Evans and Brattleboro rats.
AB  - The central cardiovascular effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been investigated
      by microinjection of the peptide into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
      (PVN) of conscious rats. NPY (100 ng) elicited a significant bradycardia in both
      Long Evans (control) rats (-27 +/- beats/min) and vasopressin-deficient
      Brattleboro rats (-19 +/- 6 beats/min). There was a slight fall in systolic blood
      pressure in both strains which was significant only in Long Evans rats. A higher
      dose of NPY (1000 ng) had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate,
      but produced a marked behavioural response characterized by initiation of
      foraging behaviour. These results provide further support for a role for NPY in
      central cardiovascular regulation, but provide no evidence of an indispensable
      involvement of vasopressin-containing pathways in the observed responses.

PMID- 3374841
TI  - Protein kinase C activity in soluble fractions from glial cells in primary
      culture and subcultures.
AB  - Protein kinase C (calcium + phospholipid-dependent kinase) activity has been
      measured in soluble 100,000 g fractions from mixed glial cells in primary
      culture; in 12 day cultures the specific activity (mean +/- S.D.) was 184 +/- 10
      pmol 32P incorporated/10 min/mg protein. In glial cell subcultures lacking
      protoplasmic astrocytes protein kinase C specific activity was lower. An
      inhibitor of protein kinase C in 100,000 g supernatants was removed by
      chromatography through DE-52 anion exchange resin increasing the specific
      activity of the calcium + phospholipid-dependent kinase about 20 times. Protein
      kinase C was also associated with membrane fractions from glial cells; the
      membrane-associated enzyme had a higher specific activity than in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3374843
TI  - On accrediting doctoral programs.

PMID- 3374842
TI  - Saccharides of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The contribution that oligosaccharides might make to the structure of the senile
      plaque and the neurofibrillary tangle was investigated using lectin
      histochemistry in 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease. One group of 4 lectins
      diffusely stained the neurites of senile plaques whereas two groups of 6
      different lectins stained neurofibrillary tangles within neuronal perikarya and
      plaque neurites. Neuraminidase pretreatment abolished staining of tangles by one
      of these latter groups, but did not affect staining by the other group. Senile
      plaque core amyloid failed to stain with any lectin. It is concluded that
      oligosaccharides may contribute, but in different ways, to glycoprotein or
      glycolipid residues that form an integral part of the structure of the senile
      plaque and the neurofibrillary tangle.

PMID- 3374844
TI  - Pinning down the tracks to doctoral degrees.

PMID- 3374845
TI  - Comparable worth: the sex and salary debate.

PMID- 3374846
TI  - Nursing supply and demand: an analysis of newspapers, journals, and newsletters.

PMID- 3374847
TI  - A positive approach to course assessment.

PMID- 3374849
TI  - Consumers' expectations.

PMID- 3374848
TI  - Joining forces to meet the needs of the RN learner.

PMID- 3374850
TI  - Consumerism, nursing, and the reality of the resources.

PMID- 3374851
TI  - Nursing: a consumer perspective.

PMID- 3374853
TI  - Exercise of self-care agency and patient satisfaction with nursing care.

PMID- 3374852
TI  - Patients' expectations and values clarification: a service audit.

PMID- 3374854
TI  - Meeting consumer expectations.

PMID- 3374855
TI  - Care for the family: a consumer-based committee.

PMID- 3374857
TI  - The impact of utilization review programs on consumer expectations, decision
      making, and access to health care.

PMID- 3374856
TI  - Expected and received care: patient perceptions.

PMID- 3374858
TI  - Consumer response: a reflection on change.

PMID- 3374859
TI  - Restructuring the nursing organization for a consumer-driven marketplace.

PMID- 3374860
TI  - Consumerism and information: power and confusion.

PMID- 3374861
TI  - Is nursing ready for consumerism?

PMID- 3374862
TI  - A systems approach to customer satisfaction.

PMID- 3374863
TI  - Treatment of patients with living wills.

PMID- 3374864
TI  - Heterotopically transplanted embryonic olfactory bulb projection neurons form
      selective and appropriate axonal projections over considerable distances in adult
      host brains.
AB  - Embryonic olfactory primordia were transplanted into the region of the septum,
      the adjacent lateral ventricle (LV) and olfactory tubercle (Tu) in adult host
      rats. After a minimum of 7 weeks, wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase
      conjugate (WGA-HRP) were injected into the host anterior olfactory nucleus (AO).
      The injection retrogradely labeled the neural cell bodies in the large neuron
      area (the mitral and tufted cells) of the olfactory bulb (OB) transplant. In
      addition, the anterogradely labeled fibers projected from the host AO to the
      transplant. These results indicated that the transplanted mitral and tufted
      neurons were able to grow axons selectively to an appropriate host terminal
      region (the AO) and receive fibers from the AO, even when the transplant itself
      was in an inappropriate host site, at a considerable distance from the host AO.

PMID- 3374865
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of Met-enkephalin-like cell bodies in the cat
      hypothalamus.
AB  - The distribution of methionine-enkephalin-like cell bodies in the hypothalamus of
      the cat was studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Previously,
      intraventricular or intratissular injections of colchicine were carried out. Met
      enkephalin-like neurons were located in all hypothalamic nuclei. The densest
      clusters of immunoreactive perikarya were observed in the nucleus arcuatus,
      median eminence, regio praeoptica and perifornical region, whereas the nucleus
      supraopticus and hypothalamus anterior had the lowest density. In other
      hypothalamic nuclei the density of methionine-enkephalin (Met-enkephalin) cell
      bodies was intermediate.

PMID- 3374866
TI  - Maternal confidence in toddlerhood: its measurement for clinical practice and
      research.
AB  - There are currently no measures of maternal confidence specifically for the
      developmental issues that arise in children between 12 months and 36 months of
      age. Yet, maternal confidence has been correlated with indices of maternal and
      child competence. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and
      validity of the Toddler Care Questionnaire (TCQ), a measure of maternal
      confidence in toddlerhood, for use in clinical and research settings. The data
      provide strong evidence that the TCQ is a reliable instrument and has validity
      among middle-class mothers of toddlers. The data are discussed in terms of their
      clinical significance and directions for future research.

PMID- 3374867
TI  - Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy treatment for kidney stones.
AB  - Renal lithiasis, a common malady from which many individuals suffer, can result
      in significant morbidity and mortality. Few therapeutic options have been
      available until recently. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a new
      non-invasive modality for destruction of kidney stones. Shorter hospital stay,
      radically reduced recovery period and lack of harmful sequelae have rapidly
      elevated ESWL to the procedure of choice for most renal calculi. Description of
      ESWL development, the actual procedure and the role of the nurse practitioner are
      discussed.

PMID- 3374869
TI  - Promoting visibility for the nurse practitioner role.
AB  - In promoting greater public awareness of nurse practitioners' contributions to
      health care, two major strategies may be used. Creating broad-based visibility
      through the use of the basic media and marketing strategies, and utilizing
      individual client encounters to educate clients about the NP role are both
      effective. NPs should assume the initiative in seeking out opportunities to
      create positive images for the nurse practitioner.

PMID- 3374868
TI  - An economic analysis of the nurse practitioner role.
AB  - Today's rapidly changing health care environment directly affects nurse
      practitioners. NPs will be practicing in increasingly competitive situations and
      with mounting pressures for cost-effective services. Ignoring the issues in the
      health care marketplace can threaten NP survival. This article will analyze the
      changes in the health care system, relate the economic effects of these changes
      to nursing practice, and apply a homeostatic model of interprofessional
      competitive behavior. As NPs gain perspective on the dynamics of competition and
      the influence of economics, they will be better able to successfully position
      themselves in the health care marketplace.

PMID- 3374870
TI  - A continuing education program for nurse practitioners in ambulatory care.
AB  - Continuing education should be an integral part of all health care providers'
      practice. This article discusses the recognition of this need by a group of nurse
      practitioners in an acute ambulatory care center. The process undertaken in
      developing the program of continuing education is described. The program outline
      can serve as a model for other NPs in similar settings.

PMID- 3374871
TI  - Questions continue on long-term hormone replacement therapy.

PMID- 3374872
TI  - Evaluating involuntary weight loss in older adults.
AB  - Involuntary weight loss is a common complaint among patients over 40 years of
      age. Few studies concerning the etiologies of weight loss, however, have been
      published. This article reviews two recent studies that address common causes of
      unintentional weight loss. In these investigations, almost half of the patients
      claiming significant weight loss had no decrease in weight at all. In 35 percent
      of patients with true weight loss, no physical source was found after six months
      of follow-up. Of those in whom a cause of weight loss was discovered, the
      etiology was usually apparent after a brief history, physical exam and screening
      laboratory evaluation. Common causes of involuntary weight loss are discussed.
      Guidelines for evaluation of the patient who complains of weight loss are
      offered.

PMID- 3374873
TI  - Collaborative practice: the nurse practitioner's role in its success or failure.
AB  - This study critically analyzes the underlying values, beliefs and behaviors of 18
      family nurse practitioners and physicians who identified themselves as being in a
      joint practice relationship. Participants in the study were interviewed
      separately and in pairs around issues related to their reasons for joint
      practice, their interactional patterns, and how these patterns could be
      different. Transcribed interviews and data summaries for each practice were
      returned to the participants for review, discussion and validation. Results of
      the study suggested that the language, values and behaviors of the nurses
      continued to support, to varying degrees, the authoritarian and dominant position
      of the physician. In addition, nurses tended to demonstrate distorted
      communication and non-meaningful interactions. The possibility for nurses to
      create conditions in the practice relationship oriented toward mutual
      understanding and effective collaboration was clearly apparent in a few of these
      practices. Steps essential in achieving these conditions include the following:
      1) self reflection; 2) clarification of goals; 3) examination of interactional
      patterns; 4) analysis of the level of commitment to mutual understanding; 5)
      willingness to risk calling issues into question; 6) conscious commitment to
      maintaining this level of communication over time; and 7) facilitating the
      physician partner's commitment to these goals.

PMID- 3374874
TI  - Survey of parent responses to an elementary school human sexuality program.

PMID- 3374875
TI  - Marketing strategies for nurse entrepreneurs.

PMID- 3374876
TI  - AIDS in Quebec.

PMID- 3374877
TI  - [AIDS. The virus, its signs and symptoms].

PMID- 3374878
TI  - [Treating AIDS and its principle complications].

PMID- 3374879
TI  - [Caring for patients with AIDS].

PMID- 3374880
TI  - [To turn into a loving witness].

PMID- 3374881
TI  - ["...what I never ever had wanted to know."].

PMID- 3374882
TI  - [AIDS. Universal precautions].

PMID- 3374883
TI  - [AIDS. Families without hope].

PMID- 3374885
TI  - AIDS. Standard nursing care plan.

PMID- 3374886
TI  - [AIDS. Prevention and case finding].

PMID- 3374884
TI  - [Facing AIDS, respecting rights].

PMID- 3374887
TI  - Escalating costs: advancing or impeding science.

PMID- 3374888
TI  - The reality of nursing research.

PMID- 3374889
TI  - Using Rogers' science of unitary human beings in nursing practice.

PMID- 3374890
TI  - Philosophical sources of nursing theory.

PMID- 3374891
TI  - Testing propositions derived from Rogers' conceptual system.

PMID- 3374892
TI  - Family transformation: Parse's theory in practice.

PMID- 3374893
TI  - The form of nursing science.

PMID- 3374894
TI  - Perspectives on nursing science.

PMID- 3374895
TI  - Trends in the use of an urban accident and emergency department by asthmatics.
AB  - To examine the possible relationship between the increase in asthma admission
      rates and the use of the accident and emergency department (A & E) for the
      management of asthma, a retrospective study of asthma admissions and A & E
      attendances was undertaken at Middlemore Hospital. Admission rates for adult
      asthma doubled between 1974 and 1985 (p less than 0.001). Yearly A & E attendance
      rates for adult asthma also doubled between 1977 (when data collection began) and
      1985 (p less than 0.01), and could be largely explained on the basis of increased
      reattendance (p less than 0.001). These trends suggest that the hospital is being
      used in a primary care role for the treatment of acute asthma and that self
      referral is encouraged. A dependence on A & E by frequent attenders may be a
      barrier to nonacute ongoing medical care in the community and may lead to the
      seeking of care for attacks later than if a general practitioner (GP) was used.
      Dependence on and attendance at A & E may lead to an increased risk of admission
      and thus may have contributed to the increase in the admission rate for asthma.

PMID- 3374896
TI  - High grade nonHodgkin's lymphoma: management with moderate dose combination
      chemotherapy.
AB  - We have reviewed the management of high grade nonHodgkin's lymphoma in a regional
      cancer centre over an eight year period. Forty-seven patients were referred with
      diffuse histiocytic, diffuse undifferentiated and lymphoblastic lymphomas or true
      histiocytic neoplasms. Twenty-six were treated with doxorubicin,
      cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (ACOP). The overall complete
      remission rate was 73%, 83% for stage I and II disease and 62% for stages III and
      IV. Kaplan-Meier analysis shows 49% surviving at a median follow up time of 23
      months (range 1-108 months) with 11 of the 13 survivors continuously disease
      free. Toxicity was not severe except for one treatment-related death. Most were
      treated as outpatients. Patients 70 years of age or older were treated less
      intensively and only 3 of 14 survive. We conclude that treatment with ACOP is
      simple and effective in the management of high grade nonHodgkin's lymphoma.
      Currently our protocol includes the same agents, but at higher dosage, with the
      addition of methotrexate; we believe this should be tested against the recent
      more intensive, multiagent alternating regimens in a prospective, randomised
      clinical trial.

PMID- 3374897
TI  - Bone density estimation.

PMID- 3374898
TI  - Infant apnoea: a home monitoring programme.
AB  - A home monitoring programme for infants, thought to be at high risk of cot death,
      has been conducted in Auckland for the past five years. It has included infants
      who have experienced an apnoea thought to have been a life-threatening event,
      infants of very low birth weight, and siblings of infants who died of cot death.
      The supervision of the 84 infants referred to the programme in 1985 are
      discussed. The 77 referrals for presumed apnoea resembled the population of cot
      deaths in Auckland, being predominantly Maori--of low birth weight--between one
      and four months of age and being identified in the winter months. The mean age of
      occurrence of the last apnoea was 4 months. There were no deaths, but in 60% of
      the infants further apnoea was considered to occur and half of these infants
      required stimulation to recommence breathing. In 11 infants an underlying
      pathology was later identified as the cause of the initial apnoeic events.
      Hospital facilities for the investigation and supervision of these infants are
      inadequate in Auckland at present. The establishment of a fully integrated
      service for the care of infants at high risk of dying from a cot death is an
      urgent priority.

PMID- 3374899
TI  - Differences in utilisation of inpatient services at Waikato Hospital by Maori and
      non Maori members of the catchment population.
AB  - It would be anticipated that Maori residents in New Zealand would place greater
      demands on hospitals for inpatient services than nonMaoris, because of their
      higher mortality and morbidity rates and greater fertility rates. A year's
      admissions to Waikato Hospital have been analysed to test this proposition.
      Results confirm that Maoris in all age groups are admitted as inpatients at a
      higher rate than nonMaoris. Maori residents also use bed days at a 50-100% higher
      rate than nonMaoris in the various age groups. This has considerable funding
      implications, especially for hospital boards with more Maoris in their population
      than the national average.

PMID- 3374900
TI  - Origin of reprint requests.
AB  - One thousand consecutive reprint requests were classified according to their
      countries of origin. One third came from the United States of America and over
      70% originated in six countries (USA, Czechoslovakia, France, West and East
      Germany and Canada). When reprint requests were adjusted for population size, a
      different order became apparent with Czechoslovakia requesting proportionally the
      most, followed by Israel, East Germany, Canada, Switzerland and Belgium.
      Approximately half of the reprint requests came from European countries with the
      overall rates for western and eastern European nations being similar. There were
      comparatively few requests received from Third World nations. The analysis
      questions several of the reasons commonly given for honouring reprint requests.

PMID- 3374901
TI  - General practitioners in hospital: a move toward medical workforce integration.
AB  - The reintegration of the medical profession's clinical activities is a goal worth
      pursuing. For the patient it could have considerable advantages with continuity
      of care, greater coordination of services, quality assurance, and a more cost
      effective service. For the medical profession there would be a greater cohesion,
      improved peer review, cross fertilisation of ideas and a more balanced advocacy
      role.

PMID- 3374902
TI  - The cost of cigarette smoking in New Zealand.
AB  - Attributable risks of mortality and morbidity occasioned by current or past
      cigarette smoking are applied to recent mortality and hospital morbidity data.
      The 1981 census data on smoking, the hospital discharge data from 1984 and
      mortality since 1980 are analysed showing that 1 in 5 deaths of men aged 15 to 60
      can be attributed to smoking, as can 1 in 9 deaths of women 15 to 60. In all 4137
      deaths per year are attributable to smoking. Each year 4815 years of working life
      (15 to 60) are lost due to cigarette smoking induced premature mortality. Excess
      hospital use caused by cigarette smoking is estimated to cost more than $81
      million (in 1986 dollars).

PMID- 3374903
TI  - Homoeopathy.

PMID- 3374904
TI  - The Gibbs report.

PMID- 3374905
TI  - Improving cervical smears.

PMID- 3374907
TI  - The economics of treating mild hypertension.

PMID- 3374906
TI  - Failure to detect gastric campylobacter-like organisms in a group of ferrets in
      New Zealand.

PMID- 3374908
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome and epistaxis.

PMID- 3374909
TI  - Activity of ciprofloxacin against urinary tract isolates.

PMID- 3374910
TI  - Improved circulation without chelation.

PMID- 3374911
TI  - Concomitant endometrial adenoacanthoma and bilateral (inguinal) lymph node
      endometriotic adenoacanthomas or nodal metastases of the endometrial
      adenoacanthoma? A case report with a literature survey of the histogenetic
      aspects of endometriotic foci in pelvic lymph nodes.
AB  - This case report depicts an interesting association of well-differentiated
      adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with benign squamous metaplastic foci confined
      to the fundus uteri, superficially invading the myometrium and with concomitant
      bilateral pelvic lymph node endometriotic adenoacanthomas. Right inguinal
      lymphadenopathy was detected during the first hospitalization. A lymph node
      biopsy from the right groin, carried out at Nahariyya, revealed apparent
      metastatic adenoacanthoma regarded most probably as endometrial in origin.
      Fractionated curettage later showed a stage Ia G1 adenocarcinoma of the
      endometrium with benign squamous metaplastic elements (adenoacanthoma). At Rambam
      Hospital, Haifa, left groin node enlargement was noted as well. The Gynecologic
      Oncology Unit confirmed the previous histologic findings. At exploratory
      laparotomy total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy,
      paraaortic, and bilateral pelvic lymph node sampling as well as appendectomy were
      performed. Bilateral groin node dissection was then carried out. Out of 37 nodes
      examined tumor was found in only one node, namely that of the left groin. The
      paper includes an extensive survey of the literature on the subject of the
      histopathogenesis of endometriotic foci in pelvic lymph nodes and the discussion
      is designed to elucidate the diagnostic problem involved in this case report.

PMID- 3374912
TI  - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis may be associated with an elevated delta OD450 in the
      amniotic fluid.
AB  - Nonimmune hydrops fetalis may be associated with an elevated amniotic fluid delta
      OD450. Cases of I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II), lethal multiple pterygium
      syndrome, and alpha-thalassemia are presented, each associated with nonimmune
      hydrops fetalis and an elevated delta OD450. An elevated delta OD450 does not
      always indicate isoimmunization, and may be due to increased red blood cell
      turnover for a variety of reasons associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 3374913
TI  - Different umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in one patient.
AB  - Serial studies of umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms in one patient
      revealed two quite distinct waveforms at each study. The mean systolic/diastolic
      ratio difference between the studies was 2.2 units. After delivery, the placenta
      was seen to include a large infarcted lobule supplied by only one of the
      umbilical arteries. The finding of two very dissimilar umbilical artery flow
      velocity waveforms at the time of study should raise the suspicion of placental
      infarction, but management decisions should be based on the most normal study.

PMID- 3374914
TI  - Bulimia nervosa in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by secretive binge eating and
      purging with induced vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics. The disorder primarily
      afflicts young white women between 18-35 years of age. We report the case of a 30
      year-old pregnant woman with a 17-year history of bulimia that involved up to six
      episodes of binging and purging daily. A multidisciplinary approach enabled
      outpatient management throughout gestation. The pregnancy resulted in the
      delivery of a normal 3000-g female infant at term. The ramifications for maternal
      and fetal well-being and the goals of therapeutic management are discussed.

PMID- 3374915
TI  - Transient ischemic attack: a complication of mitral valve prolapse in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of transient ischemic attack presumably due to cardiogenic thromboembolism
      during pregnancy is described in a 32-year-old woman. The patient had documented
      mitral valve prolapse which was uncomplicated until this episode. This is the
      first report in the literature of such a complication during pregnancy. The
      clinical management is described.

PMID- 3374916
TI  - Huge mesenteric mucinous cystadenoma in normal pregnancy.
AB  - A 36-year-old woman required laparotomy early in the puerperium after a normal
      delivery because of the presence of a large abdominal cyst. At laparotomy, a
      large mucinous cystadenoma was found attached to the root of the ileal mesentery;
      the ovaries were normal. This is the third case of mesenteric cyst published in
      association with pregnancy, but the first with a mucinous pattern. Pathologic
      aspects, possible complications, and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3374917
TI  - Prompt resolution of hyperthyroidism and hyperemesis gravidarum after delivery.
AB  - Severe hyperemesis gravidarum has often been associated with elevated thyroid
      function. However, it has not been determined whether establishing euthyroidism
      will result in prompt resolution of nausea and vomiting. We report here a gravida
      with severe intractable hyperemesis gravidarum requiring four months of
      parenteral hyperalimentation. This patient consistently demonstrated biochemical
      evidence of hyperthyroidism with no symptoms and signs other than nausea and
      vomiting. Although no parenteral form of antithyroid medication is commercially
      available, methimazole suppositories were developed and administered until
      thyroid function tests normalized. Despite euthyroidism, nausea and vomiting
      continued unabated. After delivery, both the elevated thyroid function and the
      nausea and vomiting resolved within three days.

PMID- 3374918
TI  - Hysterosalpingographic diagnosis of a single cervical ectopic ureter.
AB  - Single ectopic ureters terminating in the female genital tract are rare
      congenital anomalies caused by an abnormally lateral origin of the ureteric bud
      from the mesonephric duct in the three- to four-week embryo. The ureter remains
      intimately involved with mesonephric duct remnants, which acquire a communication
      with mullerian structures. Hysterosalpingography in a continent infertile patient
      outlined a single cervical ureter from a hypoplastic kidney draining into
      Gartner's duct remnants. No previous case of single cervical ectopic ureter has
      been reported without a mullerian anomaly, nor has a single cervical ureter been
      demonstrated on hysterosalpingography.

PMID- 3374919
TI  - Retroperitoneal nerve sheath tumors: an unusual cause of pelvic mass.
AB  - Solitary nerve sheath tumors can arise in peripheral, cranial, or sympathetic
      nerves at virtually any anatomic site. Although origin along the nerves of the
      retroperitoneal space is not uncommon, these tumors rarely present as pelvic
      masses. We describe two patients found to have benign nerve sheath tumors of the
      sacral plexus. Neurilemomas (schwannomas) and neurofibromas are thought to result
      from a proliferation of perineural cells. These tumors are characteristically
      firm, smooth, and asymptomatic. They range in size from 1-2 mm to over 20 cm.
      Surgical excision can usually be accomplished by enucleation of the tumor without
      damage to the adjacent nerve. Resection of sacral plexus tumors requires
      knowledge of pelvic retroperitoneal anatomy to avoid injuries to the nearby
      vascular and urinary structures.

PMID- 3374920
TI  - Virilizing paraovarian tumors: a consequence of Nelson's syndrome?
AB  - In a patient with Nelson's syndrome, elevated peripheral concentrations of
      androgens usually associated with neoplasm prompted ovarian vein catheterization.
      Androgen excess was limited to the right ovary. However, laparotomy revealed
      bilateral multiple paraovarian nodules with histologic appearance of
      adrenocortical tissue. The occurrence of virilization from ectopic adrenal tissue
      with markedly elevated ACTH concentrations is exceedingly rare.

PMID- 3374921
TI  - Abdominal rescue after incomplete delivery secondary to large fetal
      sacrococcygeal teratoma.
AB  - Two cases are presented of incomplete vaginal delivery because of fetal
      sacrococcygeal teratomas. Prompt recognition and aggressive therapy resulted in
      favorable outcomes with minimal morbidity. The combined vaginal and abdominal
      manipulations involved repositioning the arms, shoulders, and vertex in the
      vagina, as the breech was extracted abdominally in a direction opposite to that
      ordinarily used. While this procedure seemed to work well, it is only applicable
      when the diagnosis of fetal tumor is made too late to prevent an obstructed
      delivery. Optimally, obstructed delivery is prevented by early ultrasonographic
      diagnosis and cesarean delivery before advanced labor.

PMID- 3374922
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of growth retardation in a twin pregnancy.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a difference in subcutaneous fat in a
      pair of twins with birth weight discordancy.

PMID- 3374923
TI  - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 3374924
TI  - Want to run a conference?

PMID- 3374925
TI  - Respiratory protective equipment. RPE: selection and use.

PMID- 3374926
TI  - Respiratory protective equipment. Breathing apparatus.

PMID- 3374927
TI  - Respiratory protective equipment. Examination, testing and records.

PMID- 3374929
TI  - Getting it right in the NHS. Interview by Frances Baker.

PMID- 3374928
TI  - Potential hazards of modern splinting materials.

PMID- 3374930
TI  - Defense Department tests for AIDS.

PMID- 3374931
TI  - Ergonomic workplace assessments are first step in injury treatment.

PMID- 3374933
TI  - Unintentional injuries take highest toll in life's most productive years.

PMID- 3374932
TI  - Hospitals and universities must offer quality occupational medicine programs.

PMID- 3374934
TI  - Cotton dust standard endures 10 years.

PMID- 3374935
TI  - Hearing protection guide directs users to manufacturers/devices by category.

PMID- 3374936
TI  - Violence in the workplace emerges as growing health and safety problem.

PMID- 3374937
TI  - Sampling white collar workforce requires imaginative techniques.

PMID- 3374938
TI  - Technological advances may solve problem of heat stress and clothing.

PMID- 3374939
TI  - Regulatory health risk assessment classifies substances for hazards.

PMID- 3374940
TI  - The Otorhinolaryngology Department in Helsinki: organization and otologic
      research.
AB  - The organization and the otologic research in the Otorhinolaryngology Department
      of the University of Helsinki are described. The department has 4 surgical wards,
      each with 22 beds, and a new surgical wing with 6 full-sized operating rooms. The
      ear research is centered on middle ear histopathology and immunology, focusing
      especially on secretory and chronic otitis media. There is an audiological and
      vestibular unit, the latter is expanding rapidly. Acoustic neuroma surgery is
      performed as team work with a neurosurgeon. The department takes part in a
      cochlear implant and Audiant prosthesis program.

PMID- 3374941
TI  - Sensorineural and pseudosensorineural hearing losses.
AB  - This paper describes, on the basis of animal experiments, that Carhart's notch is
      caused either by ossicular-chain defects or by stapedial mass-loading. Thus, not
      all bone conduction impairments are an indication of sensorineural hearing
      losses, i.e., inner-ear defects.

PMID- 3374942
TI  - Vertical nystagmus provoked by locally applied calorization at the vertical
      semicircular canals: a study in pigeons.
AB  - Calorization of the vertical semicircular canals in pigeons was performed by
      irrigation of water through a polyethylene cannula, that was attached at a
      selected site to the bony wall of the anterior or posterior canal of the
      labyrinth. The temperature differences between the stimulated site and the
      corresponding location inside the contralateral mastoid were detected by two
      thermistors. (a) Calorization of an anterior or posterior canal evoked a
      dissociated vertical nystagmus in both eyes. (b) The direction of the nystagmus
      and of the vertical slow phase velocity proved to be temperature-dependent. (c)
      The vertical eye movements disappeared when the stimulated canal was placed
      horizontally during calorization. (d) During parabolic flight the vertical and
      horizontal eye movements, elicited by sustained calorization, disappeared during
      short periods of microgravity and proved to be dependent to the g load. (e) All
      vertical canal calorizations evoked eye movements in the plane parallel to the
      stimulated canal. Left and right eye moved in opposite vertical directions,
      depending on the selected site of calorization on the vertical canal. (f) The
      same mode (warm or cold) of calorization of an anterior canal provoked similar
      vertical movements of both eyes as compared to the vertical eye movements that
      were induced by calorization of the contralateral posterior canal. The results
      are discussed in view of the 'convection current' and the 'expansion/contraction'
      theory and they are compared to previously reported results of vestibular nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 3374943
TI  - Histologic study of the growth of the subglottis after interruption of the
      circular structure of the cricoid.
AB  - In a previous study in growing rabbits it was demonstrated that after resection
      of a ventral part of the cricoid the lumen of the subglottic airway developed
      normal size during further growth up to the adult stage. Histologic
      investigations of these cases suggest that a subepithelial network of elastic
      fibres, ventrally suspended to the thyroid and the tracheal rings, ensures the
      airway lumen and prevents the development of a subglottic stenosis. Resection of
      a ventral part of the cricoid including the adjacent soft tissue lining of the
      airway causes an irreversible loss of the supporting elastic layer and the
      formation of scar tissue resulting in a stenosis. It was concluded that the
      larynx and trachea can be considered as an inner, elastic tube (= conus
      elasticus) lined with epithelium, suspended to an outer, segmented cartilaginous
      tube. At the level of the subglottis an intact conus elasticus is of more
      importance for the normal development of the airway lumen in young rabbits than
      an intact ventral half of the cricoid ring.

PMID- 3374944
TI  - [Citrate concentration in fasting duodenal juice in chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3374945
TI  - [Evaluation of a percutaneous transhepatic prosthesis of the biliary tract based
      on 58 cases].

PMID- 3374946
TI  - [Reversible myocardial damage of the congestive type caused by
      hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 3374947
TI  - [Additional suggestions on the guidelines concerning the section "Review of
      Foreign Journals"].

PMID- 3374948
TI  - [Post-meningitis hearing loss, possible role of the mumps virus].

PMID- 3374949
TI  - [A Hungarian term for "under-nurished"].

PMID- 3374951
TI  - [The meaning of nursing in hospitals].

PMID- 3374950
TI  - [From the sick-nurse to the well-nurse].

PMID- 3374952
TI  - [The current status of home care in Austria].

PMID- 3374953
TI  - [Healthy motherhood--throughout the world and in Austria].

PMID- 3374954
TI  - [The role of the nurse towards the detained and prisoners].

PMID- 3374955
TI  - [To know a little more about healthy living].

PMID- 3374956
TI  - [Initial treatment of burns].
AB  - Burns, scalds and caustic burns all bring about an increase in microvascular
      permeability, with volume losses into the interstitium and at the surface of the
      body. The first aid measures to be taken include removal of the source of heat,
      maintenance of the vital functions, institution of infusion therapy with Ringer's
      lactate, and sterile covering of burn wounds, followed by rapid transportation of
      the victim to the nearest hospital. The crucial immediate step to be taken at the
      hospital, when large-area burn wounds are present, is rapid parenteral
      administration of fluid. Local management of the burns must be effected under
      sterile conditions. If an inhalation injury is suspected careful diagnostic
      procedures must be carried out. Therapeutic measures depend on the diagnosis.
      Finally, reasons for transferring victims to a burns unit are given.

PMID- 3374957
TI  - [The infected wound].
AB  - The therapy of infected wounds is based on the knowledge of the pathophysiology
      of infection and on early diagnosis. The development of an infection depends on
      the general condition of the patient, local factors like foreign body
      contamination and tissue necrosis and the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The
      diagnosis of a wound infection is made upon the classical symptoms dolor, rubor,
      calor, tumor and functio laesa and depends on continuous wound care and repeated
      clinical judgement. The differentiation between an abscess as encapsulated
      infection and a diffuse non localized phlegmonous inflammation has different
      therapeutic consequences as the surgical treatment of an abscess consists of
      incision and drainage whereas the excision of infected tissue is necessary in
      phlegmones. The wound revision is a special form of excision. The surgical
      debridement is the most effective part of the therapy. Excision of infected and
      necrotic tissue help the phagocytic cells in infection fighting and remove the
      ideal culture medium for bacteria. The use of antibiotics can be very helpful if
      stringent indications are applied. Additional therapeutic approaches like
      improvement of local oxygen supply and enhancement of phagocytic function of
      macrophages could support the surgical therapy of the infected wound.

PMID- 3374958
TI  - [Functional bracing of fractures].
AB  - Fracture bracing is a nonoperative treatment of fractures using braces. This
      treatment is thought to have originated in the medical school of ancient China,
      and has been reintroduced by Dehne, Sarmiento and Latta [4, 16]. The principle is
      that in the closed system of the brace the dislocating forces are transformed
      into compression forces activated by the muscles. Fracture bracing is very
      successful in fractures of the humerus, the ulna and the tibia. Some degree of
      shortening of the fragments must be accepted, especially in the humerus. Among 84
      humerus fractures, bone healing took place within 6-8 weeks in 82 and there were
      2 cases of nonunion. Functional and cosmetic results were excellent. In a series
      of 48 ulna fractures there were 47 in which bone healing took place within 6
      weeks, and only 1 case of nonunion. Complete function was restored in all cases.
      In tibial fractures it is essential that bracing is applied only when strictly
      indicated; it depends on the type and localization of the fracture. Good results
      have been achieved only in stable fractures with early full weight-bearing. All
      nonstable fractures must be fixed with a long leg cast for the first 4-6 weeks,
      after which further treatment may be continued with a brace for the next 4-6
      weeks. Bone healing takes about 12-14 weeks in all, with the same length of time
      in the brace as in the long leg cast. The main advantage of fracture bracing is
      the early movement of joint and muscles it allows, so that no rehabilitation
      treatment is necessary after removal of the brace. Fractures of the femur and
      forearm are not reported, because the authors have not yet treated any by this
      method.

PMID- 3374959
TI  - [Infections of the hand].
AB  - Sometimes severe bacterial infections of the hand arise quickly and lead to
      damage of anatomical structures and loss of function. In this paper
      pathophysiology and clinical signs are presented. The most important priority in
      therapy is to prevent the infection from extending to deeper structures in the
      hand, such as tendon sheaths, and along them to the mid palmar space and Parona's
      space. The therapy most often indicated is therefore surgical treatment at the
      very beginning, depending on the severity of pain and swelling.

PMID- 3374960
TI  - Expression of proto-oncogenes in embryonic, adult, and transformed tissue of
      Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae).
AB  - In Xiphophorus the causative, primary cellular oncogene for melanoma formation
      has been assigned by classical genetics to a sex-chromosomal locus, designated
      Tu. Activation of Tu was proposed to be the result of the elimination of Tu
      specific regulatory genes which normally suppress the transforming function in
      the non-tumorous state. In order to understand the role which known proto
      oncogenes might play in this process, we have analysed the expression of src, erb
      A, erb B, ras, abl, sis and mil related genes from Xiphophorus during
      embryogenesis, in non-tumorous organs and in melanoma cells. For src, ras, erb B
      and sis a differential expression during embryogenesis and/or in normal organs
      was detected, with preferential expression of src in neural tissues, a high
      abundance of sis transcripts in an embryonal epitheloid cell line and of erbB
      transcripts in the head nephros. In melanoma cells ras, src and a v-erb B related
      gene were found to be expressed. The src gene most likely is more involved in
      secondary processes during tumor progression, while the expression of the v-erb B
      related gene might be transformation-specific because recently such a sequence
      was found to map to the close vicinity of the Tu-locus.

PMID- 3374961
TI  - A role for elevated plasma corticosterone in modulation of host response during
      infection with Trichinella pseudospiralis.
AB  - Suppression of host inflammatory response in mice infected with Trichinella
      pseudospiralis was associated with host plasma corticosterone levels
      significantly higher than those seen in uninfected mice or in mice infected with
      T. spiralis. Increases in the population of mitochondria and depletion of lipid
      droplets in cells of the zona fasciculata were seen in the adrenals of mice
      infected with T. pseudospiralis. Elevations in enteritis, myositis and
      myocarditis accompanied 100% mortality in adrenalectomized mice infected with T.
      pseudospiralis, while lower levels of inflammation and no mortality were observed
      in sham operated or intact animals infected with this parasite. The severe
      myositis normally accompanying infection with T. spiralis was suppressed by
      concurrent infection with 1000 or 2000 T. pseudospiralis to levels equivalent to
      those seen in animals receiving 0.15 and 0.41 mg cortisone acetate/25 g
      mouse/day, respectively.

PMID- 3374962
TI  - In-vivo encapsulation and killing of Litomosoides carinii in white rats.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies revealed that in albino rats Litomosoides carinii was
      encapsulated and eventually killed in the pleural cavity by adherent host cells.
      Encapsulation was an organized cellular reaction which sequestered and eventually
      degraded the parasites. The process evolved in three phases: primary accumulation
      of host cells, especially eosinophils and macrophages, around the parasites with
      concentration of eosinophils on the parasite surface; secondary transformation of
      macrophages into epithelioid cells which replaced eosinophils on the parasite
      surface; finally, dead parasites became calcified and were gradually degraded
      within a tough, compacted fibrotic capsule.

PMID- 3374963
TI  - Excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis: recognition profiles of polyclonal
      and larvicidal monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies against the excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen of
      Toxocara canis were obtained and characterized. Immunoprecipitating activity was
      demonstrated in an in-vitro microprecipitating assay using live T. canis larvae.
      Their capacity to kill larvae was also shown in an in-vitro assay. Two zones of
      reactivity were observed in 7.5 and 12.5% SDS-PAGE (177-77 kD, 43-15 kD) of
      immunoprecipitates of human and mouse positive polyclonal antisera. The murine
      monoclonal antibodies showed a common pattern of reactivity with the proteins in
      the 177-77 kD range.

PMID- 3374964
TI  - Measurement of malarial infectivity of human populations to mosquitoes in the
      Madang area, Papua, New Guinea.
AB  - The proportion of blood meals taken on humans which are infectious to mosquitoes
      in the Madang area, Papua New Guinea was estimated by two methods. In the first,
      laboratory reared Anopheles farauti were fed on individuals of all ages at
      village surveys. The results showed that 3.8% of people were infectious and that
      the mean percentage of mosquitoes which became infected by feeding on these
      people was 37.9%. From the average proportion of mosquitoes infected, the
      probability that a mosquito feeding on a human would pick up infection was 0.013
      +/- 0.005. In the second approach mosquitoes were fed on identified Plasmodium
      falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae gametocyte carriers. The results indicated
      that 46% of gametocyte carriers were infectious and that the mean probability of
      a mosquito becoming infected after feeding on a gametocyte carrier was 0.151 +/-
      0.029. Gametocyte prevalence rates in all ages measured over 18 months in three
      villages averaged 3.3% P. falciparum, 4.0% P. vivax and 0.7% P. malariae,
      totalling 8.0 +/- 0.7%. Combining gametocyte prevalence rates with the
      probability of a mosquito becoming infected from a gametocyte carrier, the
      probability of a mosquito becoming infected following a blood meal on a member of
      the human population was estimated to be 0.012 +/- 0.003.

PMID- 3374965
TI  - Destruction of intracellular and isolated Leishmania mexicana amazonensis
      amastigotes by amino acid amides.
AB  - L-amino acid esters such as leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe) destroy Leishmania
      mexicana amazonensis amastigotes by a mechanism which may involve hydrolysis of
      the compounds by parasite enzymes. Moreover, several esters (e.g. Ile-OMe)
      prevent the killing of parasites by Leu-OMe, perhaps by inhibition of the
      hydrolytic enzymes. We show here that certain amino acid amides are also
      leishmanicidal. Killing of Leishmania within macrophages was assessed
      microscopically, and that of isolated amastigotes was measured by reduction of
      the tetrazolium MTT. Amino acid amides were generally less active than the methyl
      esters and several were more toxic to the macrophages, as determined by
      inspection of Giemsa-stained preparations. Ranks of activity of the amides on
      isolated amastigotes were Trp greater than Leu greater than Phe greater than Met
      greater than Tyr. The amides of Ala, Gly, Val, Ile, His and D-Leu were inactive.
      This pattern of activity is similar to that of amino acid methyl esters. Ile-NH2
      and a few other amides protected intracellular as well as isolated parasites from
      killing by Leu-OMe. Conversely, Ile-OMe reduced the toxicity of Leu-NH2 for
      isolated amastigotes. None of the esters or amides assayed prevented the
      destruction of Leishmania by Trp-NH2. The results are compatible with the view
      that amino acid esters and amides may be recognized by the same or similar
      parasite enzymes.

PMID- 3374966
TI  - Sex differences and cross-immunity in DBA/2 mice infected with L. mexicana and L.
      major.
AB  - Female DBA/2 mice were found to be highly resistant to Leishmania mexicana and
      rarely developed lesions even when inoculated subcutaneously with high numbers (5
      x 10(6] of amastigotes. Male DBA/2 mice, on the other hand, were much more
      susceptible to this parasite and often developed non-healing lesions even when
      inoculated subcutaneously with comparatively few (5 X 10(4] amastigotes.
      Conversely, although both male and female DBA/2 mice developed ulcerating lesions
      when inoculated subcutaneously with L. major amastigotes, lesions invariably
      healed in males but did not heal in females. Male DBA/2 mice recovered from L.
      major infection subsequently were found to be resistant to subcutaneous challenge
      with L. mexicana. Conversely female DBA/2 mice that had failed to develop lesions
      when infected with L. mexicana developed lesions which healed following
      subcutaneous challenge with L. major. Thus there is bilateral cross-immunity
      between L. mexicana and L. major in DBA/2 mice which overrides differences in sex
      determined susceptibility to both organisms.

PMID- 3374968
TI  - Molecular transfer across parasite membranes. Symposia of the British Society for
      Parasitology Volume 25. Proceedings.

PMID- 3374967
TI  - Echinococcus granulosus: the effects of praziquantel, in vivo and in vitro, on
      the ultrastructure of equine strain murine cysts.
AB  - Praziquantel (500 mg/kg) administered orally to BALB/c mice with secondary equine
      E. granulosus daily for 21, 30 or 30 + 30 days without the drug resulted in the
      majority of cysts, using bench criteria of turgidity and eosin exclusion, being
      assessed as 'alive'. Ultrastructural examination of 54 of these 'alive' cysts did
      not support this conclusion. They all showed increased vesiculation of the
      germinal layer leading, in many, to the loss of its integrity. Increased
      mitochondrial numbers occurred frequently. The longer drug treatments appeared to
      have greater effects on the germinal layer of 'alive' cysts and there was no
      detectable reestablishment of structural organization within 30 days after drug
      withdrawal. Subjectively, there was no substantial difference between cysts from
      4-month and 9-month infections or between affected peritoneal and hepatic cysts.
      Tissue from collapsed cysts was necrotic. Peak serum levels of praziquantel (6430
      6136 micrograms/l) occurred 5-10 min after drug administration (500 mg/kg) and
      dropped rapidly to less than 10 micrograms/l at 3 h. In an in vitro study at
      praziquantel concentrations of 1000 and 5000 micrograms/l over a 10-day period,
      most cysts were judged 'alive' by bench criteria but showed ultrastructurally a
      time- and concentration-dependent loss of integrity identical to that seen in
      vivo. Turgidity and eosin exclusion therefore underestimate the effect of
      praziquantel and the results indicate that in vitro experiments can fulfil a
      legitimate preliminary role in a hydatid chemotherapy programme.

PMID- 3374970
TI  - Review of 253 cases of significant pathology in 7,910 cholecystectomies in Hong
      Kong.
AB  - A retrospective study of gallbladders submitted as surgical specimens over a
      period of fifteen years (1972-1986) was performed in the Department of Pathology,
      Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Seven thousand nine hundred and ten gallbladders
      were examined. A total of 253 more unusual and significant pathological lesions
      were recorded. The diagnoses made in these cases, in descending order of
      frequency, were primary carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, adenoma, clonorchiasis
      and others. In 76 gallbladders clinically significant pathology was first
      discovered on pathological examination.

PMID- 3374969
TI  - The clinicopathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy in Hong Kong.
AB  - The clinicopathologic data of 237 Chinese patients with IgA nephropathy from Hong
      Kong are reviewed in an attempt to identify the features pertinent to Chinese
      patients. Although the nephropathy is commonest in the 26-35 year age group, 11%
      of the IgA nephritic patients were children below 16 years. The male predilection
      reported in Caucasian populations is not observed and the male:female ratio is
      0.94 in our series. The commonest renal manifestation is microscopic hematuria
      (25%) and 19% of the patients present with macroscopic hematuria, not
      infrequently synpharyngitic. Nephrotic syndrome occurs in 15% of our patients and
      proteinuria more than 1 gm/day is documented in 58% of these IgA nephritic
      patients. The degree of proteinuria does not correlate with prognosis. A small
      proportion of these nephrotic patients respond to steroid therapy, suggesting a
      variant of IgA nephropathy that resembles lipoid nephrosis in its steroid
      responsiveness. Seventeen percent of the patients (18/104) are hepatitis B virus
      carriers and 61% of these patients demonstrate viral antigens in their renal
      biopsies, indicating that hepatitis B virus infection may sometimes play a
      pathogenetic role.

PMID- 3374971
TI  - Ultrastructural immuno-gold localization of immune deposits in human renal
      biopsies.
AB  - Ultrastructural immunolocalization of immunoglobulins has the potential to supply
      new information about immune-mediated glomerulonephritides. Most previous studies
      have used immunoperoxidase pre-embedding techniques to identify the components of
      glomerular deposits. These techniques have not been satisfactory as they only
      allowed the identification of one antigen (immunoglobulin) in each portion of
      tissue under investigation and also caused obliteration of labelled structures by
      the dense reaction product. Several studies have used colloidal gold as a post
      embedding label, but these have been unable to localize immunoglobulins or
      complement components in epoxy resin embedded tissue. The present study uses
      glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue which is embedded in a polar acrylic resin. This
      technique results in good ultrastructural detail while allowing maximum antigen
      retention and, when combined with colloidal gold labelling, it provides the
      optimal procedure for ultrastructural immune localization. A spectrum of
      immunologically induced renal diseases is examined using this technique, the
      results of which correlate well with immunofluorescence.

PMID- 3374973
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,117 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria
      was determined by the agar dilution technique. Metronidazole was the most active
      agent; only Propionibacterium acnes and Actinomyces sp. isolates were resistant.
      Clindamycin and chloramphenical were the next most effective agents. Beta-lactam
      antibiotics, with the exception of penicillin, were active against most anaerobes
      other than the Bacteroides fragilis group. At a breakpoint of 8 mg/l, 25% of
      Fusobacterium spp. and 30% of the non-fragilis Bacteroides spp. were resistant to
      penicillin. The highest resistance to beta-lactams was seen in the B. fragilis
      group. Within the indole-positive members of the group, resistance rates of 71%
      were seen for cefoxitin, 49% for moxalactam, 79% for cefotaxime, 22% for
      piperacillin and 89% for penicillin. We conclude that metronidazole has the most
      predictable in vitro activity against common clinical anaerobic isolates and that
      resistance to beta-lactams was frequent and of potential clinical importance as
      these latter agents are frequently used in the prophylaxis and therapy of mixed
      anaerobic infections.

PMID- 3374972
TI  - Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by latex agglutination.
AB  - A simple method is presented for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae which uses
      easily prepared sensitized polystyrene latex particles. The technique is simple,
      fast and reliable and can detect pneumococcal antigens in body fluids.

PMID- 3374974
TI  - Spur cell anemia (acanthocytosis) complicating idiopathic hemochromatosis.
AB  - A 65-year-old male developed a rapidly progressive disease characterized by
      severe hemolysis, with spur cells (acanthocytes) and liver disease. Autopsy
      findings were consistent with a diagnosis of idiopathic hemochromatosis.
      Investigation of the patient's family uncovered four out of five first degree
      relatives with significantly raised serum ferritin levels. A sister had biopsy
      proven hemochromatosis. Spur cell anemia is a recognized, though rare,
      complication of alcoholic liver disease and indeed the patient had a regular
      alcohol intake of up to 50 g daily. Although the alcohol intake could have
      contributed to the formation of spur cells, the possible association with
      hemochromatosis should be considered. A diagnosis of hemochromatosis has
      important implications for family members.

PMID- 3374975
TI  - Effect of chemotherapy on tear drop poikilocytes and other peripheral blood
      findings in myelofibrosis.
AB  - A leukoerythroblastic blood picture and tear drop shaped red cells are two
      characteristic features of myelofibrosis (MF). Following our earlier observation
      of an increase in the hemoglobin level with chemotherapy, we have now reviewed
      the pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood smears from 14 patients with MF to
      assess the effect of treatment on the above mentioned peripheral blood features.
      Our results suggest that these features are reversible with effective
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 3374976
TI  - Microbiological and histopathological confirmation of acanthamebic keratitis.
AB  - A healthy 42 yr-old woman presented with a left keratitis which she had had for 3
      months. No organisms could be grown by culture of corneal scrapings for bacteria
      and fungi, and the condition failed to respond to topical therapy. Amebic
      keratitis was diagnosed following corneal biopsy and cultures which grew
      Acanthamoeba of a species similar to, but not identical with, Acanthamoeba
      polyphaga. Medical treatment was continued for 6 mth. During this time the
      corneal infiltrate became less prominent but visual acuity remained impaired by
      both corneal opacity and cataract.

PMID- 3374977
TI  - Capnocytophaga species: a cause of amniotic fluid infection and preterm labour.
AB  - Subclinical amniotic fluid infection and subsequent preterm labour may occur with
      intact membranes. We report two cases of subclinical amniotic fluid infection
      with intact membranes presenting in preterm labour. Capnocytophaga species,
      fastidious Gram-negative bacilli normally found in oral flora, were isolated in
      pure culture from amniotic fluid obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis. The
      distinctive microbiological features and spectrum of infections associated with
      Capnocytophaga species, and the importance of recognition of subclinical amniotic
      fluid infection as a cause of preterm labour, are discussed.

PMID- 3374978
TI  - Recurrent multiple chorioangiomas and intrauterine death.
AB  - A 35-year-old woman delivered a macerated fetus at 29-week gestation. The
      placenta was hydropic and showed multiple chorioangiomas. The woman had a
      pregnancy which ended similarly five years earlier. Postmortem examination of the
      fetuses showed cardiomegaly. Recurrent fetal death associated with multiple
      chorioangiomas is extremely rare and may be a manifestation of an underlying
      chromosomal aberration.

PMID- 3374979
TI  - Persistent perineal sinus following an abdominoperineal amputation: an unusual
      form of polyvinylpyrrolidone storage disease.
AB  - A 58-year-old man had a persistent perineal sinus following an abdominoperineal
      resection. An excision of the sinus was performed. Histology revealed that the
      sinus tract was bordered by a granulation tissue exhibiting numerous vacuolated
      cells containing polyvinylpyrrolidone. The origin of polyvinylpyrrolidone was
      related to lengthy irrigation of the fistula with Betadine.

PMID- 3374980
TI  - Hemangiopericytic meningiomas are epithelial membrane antigen-negative.

PMID- 3374981
TI  - New topics in pediatric infectious disease.

PMID- 3374982
TI  - Lung pathology after high frequency jet ventilation combined with low rate
      intermittent mandatory ventilation in a canine model of meconium aspiration.
AB  - The microscopic appearance of lungs subjected to six hours of conventional
      ventilation (CV), standard high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), and HFJV
      combined with low rate intermittent mandatory ventilation (CHFJV) was studied in
      22 mongrel puppies. A lung injury model was created by insufflating 4 ml/kg of a
      20% mixture of meconium into the trachea. The animals were initially ventilated
      at the same mean airway pressure (Paw). Subsequently, if PCO2 fell below 20 torr,
      peak and mean airway pressures were reduced. A scoring system was devised which
      assigned 0-3 points for each of eight lung injury parameters, and a total lung
      injury score (TLIS) was calculated. CHFJV resulted in significantly less
      bronchopneumonia and edema, when compared to CV. A consistent, though not
      significant, trend toward lesser injury scores in CHFJV animals was noted for
      several other parameters. Six of eight lungs exposed to CV had TLIS greater than
      5 compared to only 1 of 9 ventilated by CHFJV. (P = 0.02). It is concluded that
      CHFJV may have a protective effect on the lung, perhaps because effective gas
      exchange is achieved with a lower pressure amplitude and at lower Paw.

PMID- 3374983
TI  - Evaluation of neonatal pulmonary mechanics and energetics: a two factor least
      mean square analysis.
AB  - Pulmonary mechanics, using a two factor least mean square analysis technique,
      were determined in 22 preterm neonates with respiratory failure. The respiratory
      system is modelled as a linear mechanical system. Concurrent signals of airflow
      and transpulmonary pressure were utilized to calculate values of dynamic lung
      compliance and pulmonary resistances; these determinations were made over the
      entire tidal volume range. In addition, values of resistive work of breathing,
      pulmonary time constants, scalar records of sequential breaths, pressure-volume
      and flow-volume relationships were available for data review and interpretation.
      The mean +/- SEM value of tidal volume was 7.4 +/- 0.6 ml/kg; dynamic lung
      compliance was 0.44 +/- 0.04 ml/cmH2O/kg; and the pulmonary resistance of the
      whole breath was 106 +/- 9.1 cmH2O/liter/s. The resistive work of breathing
      (hysteresis) was 41.8 +/- 5.9 gm.cm/kg. In correlating the measured values of
      pressure and flow to those predicted by the model, the mean value of the
      correlation coefficient for the least mean square analysis for all 22 studies was
      0.995 +/- 0.001; the standard error of estimate of the predicted pressure was
      less than 4.4% of the range of pressures measured. Thereby, the model was
      considered to be appropriate for the neonatal respiratory system. In addition to
      the traditional procedures of evaluating the respiratory status of a sick
      neonate, bedside analysis of pulmonary mechanics provide graphical information,
      and quantitative data which should be useful in day-to-day pulmonary management.

PMID- 3374985
TI  - Incidence and implications of false-negative sweat test reports in patients with
      cystic fibrosis.
AB  - It is well known that false-positive sweat tests occur commonly, but since a
      positive test should always be repeated, such an error is likely to be
      discovered. False-negative results, however, are more difficult to detect and are
      generally assumed to be much less frequent than false-positive results.
      Diagnostic delay caused by false-negative reports may lead to substantial
      morbidity. Review of the medical records of 147 unselected patients with cystic
      fibrosis followed in our center revealed that 17 (12%) initially had one or more
      sweat tests that were falsely negative (or were so reported or interpreted). In
      seven patients, there was diagnostic delay with adverse clinical consequences.
      Many factors may contribute to the incidence of false-negative sweat tests, and
      negative results must not be accepted as definitively excluding cystic fibrosis
      if the clinical syndrome is otherwise suggestive.

PMID- 3374984
TI  - Histamine-induced airway obstruction in infancy: changes in oxygenation.
AB  - In seven recurrently wheezy infants who were found to be histamine-responsive
      during bronchial challenge, changes in oxygenation (by oximeter and
      transcutaneous PO2 electrode) and carbon dioxide tension (by transcutaneous PCO2
      electrode) were concurrently measured. The histamine challenge consisted of
      doubling concentrations administered by nebulizer for 1 min at 5-min intervals,
      up to a maximum concentration of 8 g/L. The response was determined from maximum
      expiratory flow using a squeeze technique. Significant mean reductions in
      transcutaneous oxygen tension of 0.9 +/- 0.7 kPa and 1.5 +/- 0.9 kPa were seen
      respectively at half the provoking concentration and at the provoking
      concentration of histamine that caused a significant reduction in maximum
      expiratory flow rates. The reduction in oxygen saturation of 4.8 +/- 3% was also
      significant at the provoking concentration. No significant change in
      transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension was seen. These results suggest that acute
      histamine-induced airway obstruction causes significant ventilation/perfusion
      disturbance in wheezy infants. Oxygen monitoring should be performed during
      bronchial challenge tests in infancy.

PMID- 3374986
TI  - Alveolar brush cells in an infant with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis.
AB  - A full-term infant developed bilateral pneumothoraces and respiratory distress
      shortly after birth, despite initially good Apgar scores. Persistent tachypnea,
      hypoxemia, and a chest X-ray remarkable for diffuse alveolar and interstitial
      infiltrates prompted a lung biopsy at 4 months of age. The biopsy revealed
      desquamative interstitial pneumonitis with the unique demonstration by electron
      microscopy of numerous alveolar brush cells. Respiratory brush cells occur
      normally in the trachea and bronchi of humans and mammals. Although identical
      cells have been noted in the alveoli of rats, they have never been reported in
      the alveoli of humans. We present the first electron microscopical demonstration
      of the alveolar brush cell in humans.

PMID- 3374987
TI  - A third case of bronchoscopic diagnosis of tracheobronchomalacia in campomelic
      dysplasia.

PMID- 3374989
TI  - Reflex modification audiometry: assessment of acoustic sensory processing in the
      term neonate.
AB  - Behavioral and physiological work in animals and adult humans have established
      the sensitivity of various procedures and allowed delineation of the
      neuroanatomical pathways involved in sensory processing. Herein we used the
      glabellar reflex and reflex modification procedures to assess acoustic sensory
      processing capabilities in the term newborn infant. The eyeblink-eliciting device
      consisted of a miniature solenoid which could deliver a controlled tap. A
      photoreflective densitometer attached to a TDH-39 earphone assessed the
      eyeblinks. A total of 98 term infants was studied to determine how a response to
      a reflex-eliciting event (tap) was modified (either augmented or inhibited) by a
      mild exteroceptive stimulus (tone) which was presented at an appropriate lead
      interval. Ninety adult subjects were given identical testing procedures and their
      data were compared to that of the infants. The results of this study showed that
      newborn infants reliably exhibited an eyeblink response after a tap to the
      glabella. With fixed intensity tones, frequencies from 1 to 4 kHz produced
      equivalent amounts of reflex augmentation in infants and adult subjects. Blink
      amplitude increased as a function of increased tap and tone intensity in both
      infants and adults. State change was shown to affect the amplitude of the
      reflexive eyeblink, but not the augmentation effect. However, neonates failed to
      show inhibition to either acoustic lactile stimuli at an interstimulus interval
      that produced significant inhibition in the adult. These data indicate that
      reflex modification procedures provide an objective assessment of acoustic
      sensory processing in the term neonate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3374988
TI  - Naloxone potentiates epinephrine release during hypoxia in fetal sheep: dose
      response and cardiovascular effects.
AB  - The effect of opiate receptor blockade on the plasma catecholamine response to
      hypoxemia was studied in seven chronically catheterized fetal lambs in utero. All
      animals underwent treatment with hypoxia alone, naloxone infusion alone (2 mg/kg)
      and hypoxia with naloxone at four different dosages (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0
      mg/kg). Maternal and fetal hypoxia was maintained for 20 min. There were no
      differences noted in the degree of hypoxemia or acidemia between the different
      hypoxia treatment groups. Hypoxia increased both norepinephrine and epinephrine
      plasma levels in all fetal sheep studied. We found a dose-dependent increase in
      plasma epinephrine levels in response to naloxone infusion during hypoxia. Plasma
      epinephrine level by 20 min of hypoxia with the 0.1 mg/kg naloxone dose
      (geometric mean 5366 pg/ml) was significantly more than with hypoxia alone (997
      pg/ml). Naloxone at the other doses did not alter the epinephrine responses.
      There was no augmentation of plasma norepinephrine levels by naloxone at any dose
      studied. Thus, naloxone augmented the plasma epinephrine response to hypoxia in
      fetal sheep suggesting that the opiate peptides act as modulators of the
      sympathoadrenal system. The naloxone dose response differences observed in this
      study suggest this modulation is largely by antagonism of mu-receptors.

PMID- 3374990
TI  - Bile acid efflux from suckling rat hepatocytes.
AB  - To further assess bile acid transport by the developing rat liver, we compared
      the rate of efflux of taurocholate from hepatocytes isolated from suckling and
      mature rat livers. Cell content of taurocholate (nmol/mg cell protein), after
      preloading with [14C]-radiolabeled plus cold bile acid (5-100 microM) was similar
      in both groups. Total taurocholate efflux, estimated by the decrease in cell
      taurocholate content, was unexpectedly greater from suckling rat hepatocytes.
      There was a higher bile acid efflux rate over time and a lower final cell
      content. Efflux from suckling rat hepatocytes was increased after preloading in
      incubation concentrations of taurocholate which were above the physiologic range
      of portal blood concentrations. Inasmuch as the bile acid binding protein content
      is known to be reduced in the cytoplasm of developing rat liver, intracellular
      taurocholate may exist largely as free ligand and thus be more readily
      diffusable. We speculate that the in vivo correlation of enhanced efflux is back
      diffusion of bile acid from the cell into the sinusoid. The effect could, in
      part, account for the known absence of a lobular gradient for bile acid uptake in
      suckling rats and, therefore, contribute to the inefficient hepatic transport of
      bile acid observed in developing rat liver.

PMID- 3374991
TI  - Effect of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate on brain serotonin turnover in
      the ornithine transcarbamylase-deficient sparse-fur mouse.
AB  - Herein we examine the effects of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate on
      feeding and central serotonin turnover in a child with citrullinemia and in an
      animal model of congenital hyperammonemia, the ornithine transcarbamylase
      deficient sparse-fur (spf/y) mouse. In the child, when the benzoate/phenylacetate
      dosage was increased from 200 to 375 mg/kg/day each, feeding decreased. There was
      an accumulation of benzoate and phenylacetate in blood and cerebrospinal fluid as
      well as an increased concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a neurochemical
      marker for serotonin turnover, in cerebrospinal fluid. In the mouse, sodium
      benzoate had a biphasic effect on both plasma ammonium levels and brain serotonin
      turnover. Two percent oral benzoate was associated with an increase in ammonium
      level, while a 3% dose led to a decrease in ammonium. There was a similar effect
      on serotonin turnover noted in both the hyperammonemic spf/y and control CD-1/y
      mice. Sodium phenylacetate did not have a consistent effect on serotonin
      turnover. The mechanism by which benzoate increases brain serotonin turnover
      appears to involve competition with tryptophan for albumin binding sites. This
      results in increased free tryptophan in serum and brain. We speculate that some
      of the clinical symptoms of benzoate intoxication may be a consequence of altered
      serotonin turnover in the brain. We suggest that drug levels be monitored during
      therapy.

PMID- 3374992
TI  - The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in
      patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The effect of exocrine pancreatic function on the pharmacokinetics of the
      choramphenicol oral capsule (CAP-base), chloramphenicol palmitate oral liquid
      (CAP-P), and chloramphenicol succinate intravenous (CAP-S) formulations was
      evaluated in 10 patients, aged 16-30 yr, with cystic fibrosis. Pancreatic
      insufficiency was assessed in each patient by measuring the absorption of p-amino
      benzoic acid after oral administration of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid
      which requires chymotrypsin to cleave p-aminobenzoic from the parent molecule. In
      a controlled cross-over design, the overall biodisposition of each formulation
      was assessed in each patient with or without concurrent administration of oral
      pancreatic enzymes. The relative amounts of active chloramphenicol available in
      systemic circulation was CAP-base greater than CAP-S greater than CAP-P.
      Pancreatic enzyme replacement had little effect on the biodisposition parameters
      for the CAP-base and CAP-S formulation, but significantly increased the peak
      concentration and bioavailability of the CAP-P formulation. Although pancreatic
      enzyme replacement improved the absorption characteristics of the CAP-P
      formulation, absorption remained prolonged and unreliable. Serum concentration
      time profiles for either CAP-base or CAP-S consistently exceeded the MIC of
      important nonpseudomonal pathogens. This finding was not observed after CAP-P
      administration independent of pancreatic enzyme replacement. The results of this
      study support the continued clinical use of either CAP-base or CAP-S, but the
      cautious use of CAP-P formulations in CF patients with concurrent pancreatic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3374994
TI  - Cardiovascular and neurophysiologic changes during graded duration of apnea in
      piglets.
AB  - To examine the interrelationship between the duration of apnea and changes in
      oxygen saturation, blood pressure, electroencephalogram (EEG), and heart rate,
      reflex apnea of 10, 20, 40, and 60 s duration was induced by stimulating the
      superior laryngeal nerves. Piglets (n = 11, age 5-14 days) were chronically
      instrumented for continuous monitoring of SaO2 and blood pressure and for
      sampling arterial blood. Ventilation was recorded using whole body
      plethysmography and EEG and electrocardiogram were measured by acutely placed
      subcutaneous electrodes. Central apnea produced an immediate rise in blood
      pressure and a decrease in SaO2 by 20 s. By 30 s into the apnea, EEG amplitude
      had already decreased. Major cardiac slowing did not occur until 80 s after the
      start of apnea. Hyperoxia delayed the start of desaturation, hypertension, and
      EEG attenuation. These data suggest that during superior laryngeal nerve-induced
      apnea in young piglets: 1) desaturation can reach profound levels rapidly, 2) EEG
      amplitude decreases substantially and becomes nearly isoelectric within 1 min,
      and 3) bradycardia is a late manifestation when compared to changes in oxygen
      saturation, blood pressure, and EEG.

PMID- 3374993
TI  - Quantification of cardiovascular instability in premature infants using spectral
      analysis of waveforms.
AB  - Spectral analysis was applied to blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity
      recordings in premature infants with respiratory distress in order to quantify
      respiration-induced cardiovascular variability. Aortic blood pressure was
      transduced via an umbilical arterial catheter and cerebral blood flow velocity
      measured in the anterior cerebral artery using a 10 MHz continuous wave Doppler
      velocimeter in 16 infants less than or equal to 32 wk gestational age. Spectral
      analysis of the resulting waveforms revealed heart rate and respiratory rate
      components whose relative amplitudes (heart rate/respiratory rate amplitude
      ratio) represent an index of that component of variability induced by respiratory
      events. The mean (heart rate/respiratory rate amplitude) ratio was 47.2 in
      spontaneously breathing infants and rose to 165.9 in infants who were ventilated
      during muscle paralysis (p = 0.0003). Cerebral blood flow velocity recordings
      showed R components in only 22 of 38 simultaneous recordings. This method can be
      used to quantify respiration-induced cardiovascular variability and its response
      to therapy, and may provide a means of identifying infants at risk from brain
      injury due to an inability to regulate cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3374995
TI  - Changes in the pulmonary alveolar subphase at birth in term and premature lambs.
AB  - To study the changes in alveolar fluid at birth, we measured alveolar Cl- as soon
      as possible after onset of ventilation in 11 anesthetized lambs. The lambs ranged
      from 129 to 144 days gestation and were delivered by cesarean section. Subpleural
      alveoli were punctured with Cl- selective microelectrodes as soon as 5 min and as
      late as 135 min after the onset of mechanical ventilation. The [Cl-] was 151 +/-
      7 mEq/liter (mean +/- SD, n = 11) in fetal lung fluid collected before
      ventilation. After about 40 min of ventilation, alveolar Cl- was not different
      from that in term lambs 24 to 72 h old (94 +/- 6 mEq/liter, n = 21). Assuming
      first order kinetics the mean t 1/2 was 10.4 min. There was no difference as a
      function of gestation. Thus, alveolar chloride decreases rapidly and alveolar
      fluid assumes a mature character very soon after the start of breathing in term
      and premature lambs. The onset of ventilation appeared to stimulate these rapid
      changes.

PMID- 3374996
TI  - Neonatal nutritional deprivation or enhancement: the cardiac-sympathetic axis and
      its role in cardiac growth and stress responses.
AB  - To determine the mechanisms by which neuronal input influences cardiac growth
      during altered neonatal nutritional status, rats were reared in small, standard,
      or large litter sizes and the adrenergically mediated stimulation of cardiac
      ornithine decarboxylase was determined; ornithine decarboxylase provides a
      mechanistic link connecting adrenergic input to cardiac growth. Nutritionally
      deprived pups showed impaired development of sympathetic reflex stimulation as
      shown by the attenuation of the cardiac ornithine decarboxylase response to
      hydralazine-induced hypotension throughout the preweanling period. The subnormal
      reactivity to hydralazine reflected a defect in neurotransmission, as a full
      response was obtained with direct beta-receptor stimulation (isoproterenol).
      Nevertheless, cardiac hypertrophy in response to repeated isoproterenol
      administration was markedly suppressed in nutritionally deprived animals,
      suggesting that the beta-receptor/ornithine decarboxylase pathway had become
      uncoupled from growth. Because maturation of neural connections to peripheral
      tissues causes a loss of hypoxia tolerance, nutritional status also influenced
      the ability of neonatal rats to survive hypoxia. These data indicate that cardiac
      growth suppression or enhancement caused by nutritional manipulations may be
      mediated, in part, through alterations in the development of neuronal input to
      the tissue, and that similar factors influence survival during hypoxic stress.

PMID- 3374998
TI  - Experimental right ventriculotomy: effects on local propagation at a small size
      scale.
AB  - Repair of tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect frequently requires
      righ ventriculotomy. Although the mechanisms for right bundle branch block (RBBB)
      have been frequently discussed, the pathogenesis of this electrocardiographic
      abnormality is still unknown. To determine if disruption of the distal
      subendocardial Purkinje fiber network in the right ventricular free wall produced
      RBBB and if cellular electrophysiologic abnormalities in or near the
      ventriculotomy scar could provide a substrate for conductance disturbances, we
      investigated the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects of
      experimental right ventriculotomy in 12 beagles. On the surface electrocardiogram
      no significant differences in QRS duration (lead II) or morphology were apparent
      between the control group (n = 6) and the postventriculotomy animals (n = 6) (QRS
      duration = 34 +/- 4 versus 34 +/- 7 ms, respectively). Using microelectrode
      techniques, the right ventricular endocardial surface was carefully mapped. To
      facilitate analysis, data were grouped into five regions: outflow septum, outflow
      free wall, inflow free wall, and ventriculotomy region. No significant delays of
      regional activation were noted in the postventriculotomy group compared to the
      control group: outflow septum--30 +/- 16 versus 36 +/- 16 ms; outflow free wall-
      33 +/- 10 versus 38 +/- 19 ms, inflow septum--32 +/- 7 versus 33 +/- 13 ms,
      inflow free wall--35 +/- 11 versus 35 +/- 22 ms, and ventriculotomy region--32 +/
      10 versus 31 +/- 16 ms, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375000
TI  - [Osmotic pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in serous and
      suppurative meningitis in children].

PMID- 3374997
TI  - Excitation-contraction coupling in developing mammalian myocardium: evidence from
      voltage clamp studies.
AB  - The single sucrose gap voltage clamp technique was used to study excitation
      contraction coupling processes in right ventricular papillary muscles from New
      Zealand White rabbits at various stages of development. In response to voltage
      clamp controlled depolarizations, muscles from newborn rabbits were found to
      exhibit a monotonically increasing tension response reaching a steady state level
      that was maintained for the duration of depolarization. In contrast, more mature
      myocardium responded to similar depolarizations by developing an early peak of
      tension before relaxing to a steady state level. Measurement of the ratio of
      early peak or phasic tension to steady state or tonic tension revealed a
      statistically significant increase in the phasic tension component with
      maturation. In addition, Ca2+ loading of immature myocytes via a conditioning
      voltage clamp step resulted in enhancement of phasic tension in subsequent test
      depolarizations. Finally, the voltage dependence of tonic tension was found to be
      the same in all age groups. In contrast, the voltage dependence of phasic
      tension, seen only in the more mature myocardium, differed from that of tonic
      tension. The results of this investigation suggest that tension development in
      the immature myocardium is supported largely by the influx of Ca2+ across the
      sarcolemma. As the myocardium matures, intracellular Ca2+ uptake and rerelease by
      the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays an increasingly important role in tension
      development. A developmental schema is presented to account for the observed
      maturational changes in excitation-contraction coupling.

PMID- 3374999
TI  - The importance of free bilirubin acid salt in bilirubin uptake by erythrocytes
      and mitochondria.
AB  - The binding of bilirubin to tissue was studied using adult human erythrocytes and
      rat liver mitochondria. Tissues were incubated with varying bilirubin-albumin
      molar ratios, varying albumin concentrations of a given bilirubin-albumin molar
      ratio, and varying pH. Bilirubin binding by tissue was reversible and
      stoichiometric with the concentration of the free (nonalbumin bound) bilirubin
      acid salt (bilirubin monovalent anion). Minimal binding of the bilirubin dianion,
      the predominant state of bilirubin in plasma, was also suggested. The
      observations support the "free bilirubin theory" where tissue and albumin compete
      for binding the body's bilirubin pool. Binding to tissue, however, is not
      determined by the free bilirubin concentration, but by the concentration of the
      pH dependent subfraction, the free bilirubin acid salt. Tissue binding and
      toxicity of bilirubin may result from the surfactant properties of the monovalent
      anion.

PMID- 3375001
TI  - [Potassium-calcium index (K/Ca) of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in
      neuroinfections in children].

PMID- 3375002
TI  - [Selected aspects of amino acid-protein metabolism in juvenile onset insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. I. Serum alpha-amino nitrogen level and diurnal
      urinary excretion of alpha-amino nitrogen and total nitrogen].

PMID- 3375003
TI  - [Selected aspects of amino acid-protein metabolism in juvenile onset insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus. II. Amino acid composition of the blood serum].

PMID- 3375004
TI  - [Psychosocial determinants and emotional mechanisms of deliberate self-poisoning
      of children].

PMID- 3375005
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of salivary duct calculi in children].

PMID- 3375006
TI  - [Emotional care of hospitalized children: reflections and suggestions].

PMID- 3375007
TI  - [Psychological care of children with hermaphroditism].

PMID- 3375008
TI  - [Changes in Na, K, Ca and Cl levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood serum in
      serous and suppurative meningitis in children].

PMID- 3375010
TI  - [Cases of psoriatic arthropathy in childhood].

PMID- 3375009
TI  - [Use of a dried albumin-casein concentrate in the combined treatment of infants
      with hypotrophy].

PMID- 3375011
TI  - [Case of congenital nephrotic syndrome in a newborn infant].

PMID- 3375012
TI  - [The lipid spectrum of umbilical cord blood in newborn infants].

PMID- 3375013
TI  - [Hemorrhagic syndrome in acute intestinal infections in infants in the first year
      of life].

PMID- 3375014
TI  - [Functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in acute bronchopulmonary
      diseases in children].

PMID- 3375015
TI  - [Clinico-metabolic aspects of the early adaptation of newborn infants with a high
      birth weight].

PMID- 3375016
TI  - [The HLA system and predisposition to polyvalent sensitization in atopic diseases
      in children].

PMID- 3375017
TI  - [Combined use of pharmacological preparations and a method of functional
      biocontrol in children with spastic forms of infantile cerebral palsy].

PMID- 3375018
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation and lipid composition of the plasma in newborn infants with
      histories of acute and chronic hypoxia].

PMID- 3375019
TI  - [Characteristics of the hormonal regulation of the glucose-fatty acid cycle in
      relatively healthy premature infants and infants with perinatal hypoxia].

PMID- 3375020
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of the early adaptation period in relation
      to the nature of microbial colonization in newborn infants].

PMID- 3375021
TI  - [Sepsis in newborn infants: its incidence, etiology and prognosis].

PMID- 3375022
TI  - [Activities of the Scientific Council on Pediatrics of the Academy of Medical
      Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 3375023
TI  - [Electroencephalographic characteristics of convulsive states in patients in the
      first 2 years of life suffering from infantile cerebral palsy].

PMID- 3375024
TI  - [Clinico-pathogenetic significance of immune complexes in viral hepatitis A and B
      in children].

PMID- 3375025
TI  - [Morphology of viral hepatitis B in nursing infants].

PMID- 3375026
TI  - [Determination of cardiac output in newborn infants by Doppler study].

PMID- 3375027
TI  - [Functions of the pancreas and intestines in infants with food allergy].

PMID- 3375028
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the combined therapy of comatose states in children].

PMID- 3375029
TI  - [Polypragmasy in pediatrics].

PMID- 3375030
TI  - [Polycystic disease in children].

PMID- 3375031
TI  - [Characteristics of the management of the hospital stage in rehabilitating
      children].

PMID- 3375032
TI  - Nursing: human science and human care. A theory of nursing.

PMID- 3375033
TI  - [Burnout--an increasing problem at health services].

PMID- 3375034
TI  - [Laboratory medicine in primary health care--extent and costs].

PMID- 3375036
TI  - [Psoriasis--not merely a skin disease?].

PMID- 3375035
TI  - [Drinking habits among Norwegian physicians].

PMID- 3375037
TI  - 1988 (3rd) edition. Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical
      journals.

PMID- 3375038
TI  - [A perspective on childbirth at home and in hospitals].

PMID- 3375039
TI  - [Osteomalacia].

PMID- 3375040
TI  - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3375041
TI  - [Heme and non-heme iron in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency
      anemia].

PMID- 3375042
TI  - [Computer registration of postoperative wound infections at a department of
      orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 3375043
TI  - [The solution of burn-out syndrome in a psychiatric ward].

PMID- 3375044
TI  - [Insurance against patient injuries--Scandinavia takes a leading position].

PMID- 3375045
TI  - [WHO and drugs].

PMID- 3375047
TI  - [Emergency medicine should commit more physicians].

PMID- 3375046
TI  - [n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their possible role in the prevention of
      diseases].

PMID- 3375048
TI  - [Tympanometry in the diagnosis of serous otitis media in Iceland].

PMID- 3375049
TI  - [Treatment possibilities in Wilson's disease].

PMID- 3375050
TI  - [Tarsal navicular stress fractures].

PMID- 3375051
TI  - [A common Scandinavian classification of surgery in future surgical registries?].

PMID- 3375052
TI  - [Clinical decision making--is it possible to avoid economic questions?].

PMID- 3375053
TI  - Requirement of ATP in the second step of the pre-mRNA splicing reaction.
AB  - The requirement of ATP in the second step of mRNA precursor splicing was examined
      by dissecting the two steps of the in vitro splicing reaction using a heat
      treated nuclear extract from HeLa cells. When a mRNA precursor containing two
      exons and a single intron from the delta-crystallin gene was initially incubated
      for 60 min with the heated extract, thereby allowing only the first step of the
      splicing reaction to occur, and subsequently with a normal extract for 10 min,
      the final spliced product was produced without any lag. The production of the
      spliced molecule during the second incubation with the normal extract represents
      conversion of the intermediates already formed with the heated extract into the
      spliced product. The conversion was stimulated by the addition of ATP during the
      second incubation and inhibited by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue. These results
      led us to conclude that ATP is required for the second step of the splicing
      reaction.

PMID- 3375054
TI  - Identification of sequences responsible for acute-phase induction of human C
      reactive protein.
AB  - Human C-Reactive protein (CRP) is inducible in liver cells during acute
      inflammation. Around 90 bp from the 5' flanking region of the human CRP gene
      contain, as shown here, information to induce the expression of a linked
      bacterial CAT gene specifically in human hepatoma (Hep3B) cells. The promoter is
      induced rapidly, faithfully and at high efficiency when transfected cells are
      exposed to conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral
      monocytes. The sequences required for inducibility are located immediately
      upstream to the TATA element. A DNA segment from base -121 to -50 is capable of
      inducing transcription from the heterologous SV40 early promoter. Induction of
      CRP expression is probably exerted via the binding of at least one positive trans
      acting factor.

PMID- 3375055
TI  - Different regulatory elements are required for cell-type and stage specific
      expression of the Xenopus laevis skeletal muscle actin gene upon injection in
      X.laevis oocytes and embryos.
AB  - In the present study, we demonstrate by transcript mapping that the injected
      Xenopus skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene is transcribed and spliced in Xenopus
      oocytes but not correctly initiated at the alpha-actin promoter. This leads to
      correctly spliced transcripts even if constructs without putative promoter
      sequences are injected. On the other hand, alpha-actin transcripts are translated
      in injected oocytes as shown by the detection of alpha-actin protein. By
      contrast, correctly initiated alpha-actin transcripts can be found in neurula
      embryos when the injected clone contains 5' flanking sequences extending from +27
      to -680. alpha-actin gene fragments without the 680 nucleotides 5' flanking
      region are activated unspecifically after midblastula transition, whereas the
      clones carrying this region are activated correctly at the end of gastrulation.
      Cell type specific expression seems to be modulated by sequences within the
      transcribed region.

PMID- 3375056
TI  - Early melting of supercoiled DNA.
AB  - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (formamide with urea) has been used to
      study the melting of supercoiled DNA. A linear gradient of denaturant
      concentration proportional to a 25 degrees C linear increase of temperature
      (Teff) from the left to the right edge of the gel was created perpendicular to
      DNA migration. The mobility of supercoiled DNA molecules was shown to drop to the
      level of relaxed molecules a long way (5-30 degrees C) before linear DNA began to
      melt. The further increase of Teff, including the melting range for linear
      molecules, caused no appreciable changes in the mobility of relaxed molecules.
      The transition curves are S-shaped for all the topoisomers, and an increase of
      superhelicity shifts the transition towards lower Teff values. The analysis of
      the results indicates that the observed relaxation of superhelical molecules is
      due to denatured region forming in them, their size increasing with the
      topoisomer number.

PMID- 3375057
TI  - UV-induced photoproducts of 5-methylcytosine in a DNA sequence context.
AB  - In order to detect possible m5C photoproducts, highly purified rat liver DNA
      cytosine methyltransferase was used to specifically generate m5C with a
      radioactive methyl group. When these DNAs were subjected to a large dose (10
      kJ/m2) of 254 nm or 302 nm ultraviolet light (UVB) to enhance the yield, two
      labeled photoproducts were detected and isolated by reverse phase HPLC after
      formic acid hydrolysis. Further studies using acetone as a triplet state
      sensitizer and UVB irradiation suggested that photoproduct II was activated via a
      triplet state while the more polar photoproduct I was not. Photoreversion of the
      purified photoproducts with 10 kJ/m2 254 nm light demonstrated the following
      reactions: Photoproduct I regenerated m5C, while photoproduct II is split and
      regenerated m5C and photoproduct I. These results suggest that photoproduct I is
      monomeric while photoproduct II dimeric, and from the latter's elution position
      possibly a cyclobutyl type dimer arising from a reaction with an adjacent
      cytosine. Using d[TTG] and d[Cm5CG] as models of typical sequences, irradiation
      with 10 kJ/m2 254 nm or 302 nm, respectively, gave rise to a small component
      having altered mobility in sequencing gels. The altered mobility trinucleotides
      were resistant to degradation by PI and micrococcal nucleases as expected from
      photodimerization of the pyrimidine bases. Furthermore, oligonucleotide
      substrates containing m5C were synthesized and shown to be susceptible to T4
      endonuclease v action at locations consistent with d[Cm5C] photodimer formation
      when irradiated in the UVB range.

PMID- 3375058
TI  - The YYRR box: a conserved dipyrimidine-dipurine sequence element in Drosophila
      and other eukaryotes.
AB  - We have discovered a novel DNA sequence element in Drosophila which is based upon
      a CTGA tandem repeat. This element has been named the YYRR box to emphasize its
      dipyrimidine-dipurine nature which is predicted to have unusual structural
      features. Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNA indicates the presence
      of 25-30 copies of the YYRR box in each of three Drosophila species
      (melanogaster, pseudoobscura, and virilis) and conservation of genomic location
      within species. Similar analysis of human and rat DNA indicates the presence of
      YYRR related sequences in mammals as well. YYRR boxes have been localized to two
      genetic loci in Drosophila: Gld and a gene tentative identified as ted. These two
      genes exhibit correlated patterns of developmental expression and an identical
      mutant phenotype. Sequence analysis of the Gld YYRR box in three Drosophila
      species revealed a high degree of conservation despite its intronic location.

PMID- 3375059
TI  - Sequence differences upstream of the promoters are involved in the differential
      expression of the Xenopus somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes.
AB  - The Xenopus somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes are differentially expressed in
      extracts of whole oocytes. In such extracts, sequence differences preceding the
      internal promoters significantly alter the relative activities of these genes.
      Following exchange of the sequences preceding the promoter, the activity of the
      somatic 5S gene decreased and that of the oocyte 5S gene increased. As a result,
      a 100 fold somatic transcriptional advantage was reduced to 5 fold. Analysis of
      deletion mutants showed that the relevant sequence differences are located
      between -34 and +37 relative to the initiation site. The observed transcriptional
      modulation is due both to sequence differences 5' to the initiation site and at
      positions 30 and 37 within the coding region.

PMID- 3375060
TI  - The organisation and expression of histone genes from Xenopus borealis.
AB  - We have isolated genomic clones from Xenopus borealis representing 3 different
      types of histone gene cluster. We show that the major type (H1, H2B, H2A, H4,
      H3), present at about 60-70 copies per haploid genome (1), is tandemly reiterated
      with a repeat length of 15 kb. In situ hybridization to mitotic chromosomes shows
      that the majority of histone genes in Xenopus borealis are at one locus. This
      locus is on the long arm of one of the small sub-metacentric chromosomes. A minor
      cluster type with the gene order H1, H3, H4, H2A is present at about 10-15
      copies. The genome also contains rare or unique cluster types present at less
      than 5 copies having other types of organisation. An isolate of this type had the
      gene order H1, H4, H2B, H2A, H1 (no H3 cloned). Microinjection of all of the
      clones into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei shows that most of the genes present are
      functional or potentially functional and a number of variant histone proteins
      have been observed. S1 mapping experiments confirm that the genes of the major
      cluster are expressed in all tissues and at all developmental stages examined.

PMID- 3375061
TI  - T7 DNA polymerase in automated dideoxy sequencing.
AB  - T7 DNA polymerase with chemically inactivated 3'-5' exo-nuclease activity, as
      well as unmodified T7 DNA polymerase, were used for sequencing by the dideoxy
      method in an automated system with fluorescence labelled primer and on-line
      detection of laser-excited reaction products. An analysis of signal intensity
      variations in the C track revealed that low C signals were usually preceded by a
      T in the sequence. This effect was modified by surrounding nucleotides. Signal
      intensities were more uniform with T7 polymerase than with the Klenow fragment of
      DNA polymerase I. Some sequences ambiguous with the Klenow enzyme could easily be
      evaluated with the T7 enzyme. One sequence could only be read by the unmodified
      T7 polymerase, while both the Klenow fragment and the chemically modified T7
      enzyme gave uninterpretable data.

PMID- 3375062
TI  - Synthesis and structure assignments of amide protected nucleosides and their use
      as phosphoramidites in deoxyoligonucleotide synthesis.
AB  - The syntheses of several amide protected deoxyguanosine- as well as thymidine
      nucleosides are described. These compounds were synthesized according to the
      Mitsunobu reaction and Michael addition. In contradiction to previous studies we
      have discovered that the Michael addition gives only products derived from N
      alkylation. The occurrence of N- or O-alkylation was assigned by means of two
      dimensional 1H, 1 3 C-COLOC-NMR spectroscopy. Further, we have found that the
      Mitsunobu reaction used for the protection of the amide function of dG is limited
      to alcohols without acidic hydrogen atoms. Amide protected phosphormidites (15,
      16) were used for the preparation of deoxyoligonucleotides with a large number of
      guanine and thymine bases using two different coupling times. We have shown that
      there is no experimentally detectable difference in the quality of the products
      if the starting monomer is amide protected or not.

PMID- 3375063
TI  - Sequence analysis and in vivo expression show that alternative splicing of ED-B
      and ED-A regions of the human fibronectin gene are independent events.
AB  - The structure of two alternatively spliced regions. ED-A and ED-B, of human
      fibronectin gene, was determined, in order to show whether any similarity was
      present between the two. Although some interesting features are present in each,
      no obvious common structure or sequence homology was found. Functional analysis
      of the alternative splicing events was carried out by transient expression in
      Hela cells. A hybrid gene was constructed by inserting the ED-B region into the
      third exon of the human alpha 1-globin gene. The transfected hybrid gene is
      expressed and produces, in Hela cells, two alternatively spliced RNAs, showing a
      pattern very similar to that observed for the endogenous fibronectin gene in
      fibroblasts. Cotransfection of this gene with a similar gene containing the ED-A
      region, shows that no interference is present between the two alternative
      splicing processes.

PMID- 3375065
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the growth hormone gene cDNA from goat Capra hircus L.
      (Tokara).

PMID- 3375064
TI  - The TFIIIA recognition fragment d(GGATGGGAG).d(CTCCCATCC) is B-form in solution.
AB  - The deoxyoligonucleotide d(GGATGGGAG).d(CTCCCATCC) is a portion of the gene
      recognition sequence of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA). The crystal structure
      of this oligonucleotide was shown to be A-form (Mc Call, M., Brown, T., Hunter,
      W.N., and Kennard, O. 1986 Nature 322, 661-664). The present study employs NMR,
      optical, chemical and enzymatic techniques to investigate the solution structure
      of this DNA 9-mer. NMR COSY experiments indicate 16 of the 18 residues are
      predominantly south (C2'-endo) sugar conformation. NMR NOESY indicates glycosidic
      angles in the range predicted for B-form DNA as opposed to A-form. Related DNA
      and RNA self-complementary 18-mer sequences, d(GGATGGGAGC-TCCCATCC), with U
      substituted for T in RNA, were studied by circular dichroism. CD spectra support
      B-form structures for the DNA 9-mer and the DNA 18-mer, and A-form for the RNA 18
      mer. High trifluoroethanol concentrations induce a B- to A-form transition in the
      DNA oligonucleotides. Enzymatic and chemical probes also illustrate significant
      differences between the DNA and the RNA oligonucleotides. We find no evidence to
      support an A-form conformation for the TFIIIA recognition sequence
      d(GGATGGGAG).d(CTCCCATCC) in solution.

PMID- 3375066
TI  - Rapid plasmid insert amplification with polymerase chain reaction.

PMID- 3375067
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a tRNA(Gly) gene from Sorghum bicolor.

PMID- 3375068
TI  - Specific binding of cruciform DNA structures by a protein from human extracts.
AB  - A gel electrophoresis binding assay has been used to probe extracts from cultured
      human lymphoblasts for proteins that bind cruciform structures in duplex DNA.
      Proteins have been detected that form complexes with synthetic X- and Y
      junctions. Several lines of evidence suggest that binding is specific for DNA
      structure rather than sequence: (1) X- and Y-structures were bound whereas linear
      duplexes containing identical DNA sequences were not, (2) Binding occurred with
      equal efficiency to two X-junctions that were constructed from DNA strands of
      different sequence, (3) One X-junction successfully competed with another for
      binding whereas linear duplex DNA did not; and (4) protein-DNA complexes were
      observed at probe:non-specific competitor DNA ratios of 1:10,000.

PMID- 3375069
TI  - The distribution of tightly bound proteins along the DNA chain reflects the type
      of cell differentiation.
AB  - Distribution of proteins tightly bound to DNA (TBP) along the DNA chain was found
      to depend on the cell lineage. DNA sequences coding for alpha globin genes are
      preferentially represented in the TBP-associated DNA fractions isolated from
      erythroid cells (erythroblasts, mature erythrocytes, differentiated and non
      differentiated Friend erythroleukemia cells), but not from cultured fibroblast
      cells. In transcriptionally active nuclei, complexes of TBP interact with the
      nuclear matrix, while in mature erythrocytes this interaction disappears.

PMID- 3375070
TI  - Ligation of oligonucleotides to nucleic acids or proteins via disulfide bonds.
AB  - We have developed general methods for joining together, via cleavable disulfide
      bonds, either two unprotected polynucleotides or a polynucleotide and a peptide
      or protein. To join two oligonucleotides, each is first converted to an adduct in
      which cystamine is joined to the 5'-terminal phosphate of the oligonucleotide by
      a phosphoramidate bond. The adducts are mixed and reduced with dithiothreitol.
      The dithiothreitol is then removed by dialysis. Oxidation by atmospheric oxygen
      occurs to yield the required dimer. To join an oligonucleotide to a cysteine
      containing peptide or protein, the 5'-cystamine oligomer is first converted to a
      2'-pyridyldisulfide adduct and then reacted with an excess of the peptide or
      protein. If the peptide does not contain a free cysteine residue, it is first
      treated with iminothiolane to introduce one or more sulfhydryl groups. We have
      used these procedures to join a 16 mer deoxynucleotide probe and MDV-1 RNA, a
      substrate of Q beta RNA polymerase. This adduct hybridizes with a complementary
      target DNA. We have also joined a 16mer probe to peroxidase and MDV-1 RNA to
      human IgG. The probe-peroxidase adduct maintains enzymatic activity and the MDV-1
      RNA-IgG adduct binds to a complementary anti-IgG.

PMID- 3375071
TI  - Site-directed modification of DNA duplexes by chemical ligation.
AB  - The efficiency of chemical ligation method have been demonstrated by assembling a
      number of DNA duplexes with modified sugar phosphate backbone. Condensation on a
      tetradecanucleotide template of hexa(penta)- and undecanucleotides differing only
      in the terminal nucleoside residue have been performed using water-soluble
      carbodiimide as a condensing agent. As was shown by comparing the efficiency of
      chemical ligation of single-strand breaks in those duplexes, the reaction rate
      rises 70 or 45 times if the 3'-OH group is substituted with an amino or phosphate
      group (the yield of products with a phosphoramidate or pyrophosphate bond is 96
      100% in 6 d). Changes in the conformation of reacting groups caused by mismatched
      base pairs (A.A, A.C) as well as the hybrid rU.dA pair or an unpaired base make
      the template-directed condensation less effective. The thermal stability of DNA
      duplexes was assayed before and after the chemical ligation. Among all of the
      modified duplexes, only the duplex containing 3'-rU in the nick was found to be a
      substrate of T4 DNA ligase.

PMID- 3375072
TI  - Upstream sequences required for transcription of the TFIIIA gene in Xenopus
      oocytes.
AB  - The DNA sequences required for efficient initiation of transcription of the
      Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene were determined by microinjecting
      a series of deletion and linker substitution mutants into Xenopus oocyte nuclei.
      An upstream activating sequence, which resides between residues -283 and -238,
      and perhaps a second sequence between -167 and -122 preceding the transcription
      start site, together stimulate transcription about 30-fold. The distance between
      the two sequences and the distance from them to the initiation site can vary by
      at least 13 base pairs without loss of activity. The TFIIIA upstream sequences
      can stimulate transcription of other genes, for example, they stimulate
      transcription from the herpes thymidine kinase promoter about 30-fold.

PMID- 3375073
TI  - Mapping genomic organization by field inversion and two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis: application to the murine T-cell receptor gamma gene family.
AB  - A new two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique has been developed for the
      mapping of multigene families. Resolution in the first dimension is based on the
      generation of large size DNA fragments by infrequently-cutting restriction
      enzymes, and separation of these fragments by field inversion gel (FIG)
      electrophoresis. A second restriction enzyme digestion is then carried out with
      the separated DNA fragments in the agarose gel. Standard gel electrophoresis in
      the second dimension allows one to estimate the number of hybridizing genes
      contained in each large DNA fragment. We have also developed a novel method to
      increase the separation, resolution and hybridization signal in the second
      dimension by condensing the bands from the first dimension into spots. As an
      example, we have applied these techniques to determine the organization of the
      murine T-cell receptor gamma locus. The murine gamma gene family was found to be
      contained on two DNA fragments encompassing 195 kilobases of DNA. The two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis method is particularly useful in the analysis of
      the organization of multigenic families where single copy probes are not readily
      available, and should extend the potential usefulness of field inversion gel
      electrophoresis in gene mapping.

PMID- 3375074
TI  - Characterization of repetitive sequence families in mouse heart small
      polydisperse circular DNAs: age-related studies.
AB  - Using alkaline denaturation-renaturation, exonuclease III digestion and density
      gradient centrifugations, we have isolated covalently closed circular DNA
      (cccDNA) molecules from 1-, 8-, 16-, and 24-month C57BL/6 mouse heart tissues.
      Electron microscopic analyses demonstrated that all these preparations contained
      small polydisperse circular DNAs (spcDNAs). spcDNAs showed similar size
      distributions at all ages, but more discrete size classes and slightly larger
      circles were observed in the 24-month heart spcDNA preparations. Based upon the
      final yields of spcDNAs, there appeared to be no age-related changes in the
      quantity of these circular molecules in vivo. Furthermore, [3H]-pBR322 recovery
      studies revealed no endogenous factors that might have affected the yield of
      spcDNAs from young and old tissues. To determine if there were any age-related
      changes in the quantity of repetitive sequences in spcDNAs, we probed heart
      spcDNAs with B1, B2, IAP, L1 and satellite sequences of the mouse genome. The
      hybridization results showed that these sequence families were differentially
      represented at all ages in spcDNAs. B2 sequences were the highest across all the
      age groups while L1 sequences were the lowest. The quantity of B1-, B2-, IAP-,
      and L1-spcDNAs appeared to decrease at 24-months. Satellite sequences appeared to
      decrease from 1-month to 8-months, but no change beyond 8-months.

PMID- 3375075
TI  - Direct visualization of single copy genes on banded metaphase chromosomes by
      nonisotopic in situ hybridization.
AB  - A rapid method is described for non isotopic in situ mapping of single copy genes
      directly on G-banded chromosomes by "one-step" regular light microscopy. It is
      based on hybridizing biotinylated probes to metaphase chromosomes. Biotin
      residues are detected by rabbit antibiotin antibody and anti-rabbit Ig labelled
      with peroxidase or colloidal gold. The peroxidase reaction product or colloidal
      gold signals are amplified by silver precipitation. The final product is a black
      silver dot at the gene locus on a purple G-banded chromosome. N-ras and alpha-1
      antitrypsin genes have been mapped using plasmids with inserts of 1.5 and 1.3kb
      to 1p13.1 and the junction of 14q31/32 respectively. The signal to noise ratio in
      these experiments ranged from 32:1-46:1. This technology is at least as sensitive
      as radioisotopic in situ hybridization and gives results within 1 day of
      hybridization and has much better resolution. Additionally, genes are visualized
      by regular light microscopy without specialized techniques such as reflection
      contrast, fluorescence or phase microscopy. This methodology should facilitate
      more precise chromosomal gene localization.

PMID- 3375076
TI  - Synthesis and hybridization of a series of biotinylated oligonucleotides.
AB  - A series of oligonucleotides containing biotin-11-dUMP at various positions were
      synthesized and compared in quantitative, colorimetric hybridization-detection
      studies. A deoxyuridine phosphoramidite containing a protected allylamino sidearm
      was synthesized and used in standard, automated synthesis cycles to prepare
      oligonucleotides with allylamino residues at various positions within a standard
      17-base sequence. Biotin substituents were subsequently attached to the
      allylamino sidearms by reaction with N-biotinyl-6-aminocaproic acid N
      hydroxysuccinimide ester. These oligomers were hybridized to target DNA
      immobilized on microtiter wells (ELISA plates), and were detected with a
      streptavidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex using hydrogen peroxide
      as substrate and o-phenylenediamine as chromogen. We found that the sensitivity
      of detection of target DNA by biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probes was strongly
      dependent upon the position of the biotin label. Oligonucleotides containing
      biotin labels near or off the ends of the hybridizing sequence were more
      effective probes than oligonucleotides containing internal biotin labels. An
      additive effect of increasing numbers of biotin-dUMP residues was found for some
      labeling configurations.

PMID- 3375077
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of cytosolic 5S ribosomal RNAs from two gymnosperms, Gnetum
      gnemon and Ephedra kokanica.

PMID- 3375078
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of the 18S rDNA from the microalga Nanochlorum eucaryotum.

PMID- 3375079
TI  - Utility of firefly luciferase as a reporter gene for promoter activity in
      transgenic mice.

PMID- 3375080
TI  - Detection of HIV-1 RNA sequences by in vitro DNA amplification.

PMID- 3375081
TI  - Probing the human genome with minisatellite-like sequences from the human
      coagulation factor VII gene.

PMID- 3375083
TI  - Bacillus sphaericus strain 2297: nucleotide sequence of 41.9 kDa toxin gene.

PMID- 3375082
TI  - The nucleotide sequence of a rat vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin cDNA.

PMID- 3375084
TI  - Sequence of integrated S-1 homologous DNA in the normal maize mitochondrial
      genome.

PMID- 3375085
TI  - Promoter of a somatic histone H2B gene of the sea urchin.

PMID- 3375086
TI  - Nucleotide sequences of two soybean U1 snRNA genes.

PMID- 3375087
TI  - Complete sequence of a cDNA clone of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza
      A/Chicken/Scotland/59 (H5N1) virus: comparison with contemporary North American
      and European strains.

PMID- 3375088
TI  - The new pay scales.

PMID- 3375089
TI  - Waiting in the wings.

PMID- 3375090
TI  - The fetal flaw.

PMID- 3375091
TI  - Mothers need nurturing, too.

PMID- 3375093
TI  - Health care in Germany.

PMID- 3375092
TI  - Banishing the blues.

PMID- 3375094
TI  - Recruit and retain. Different, not worse.

PMID- 3375095
TI  - Strain and strategy.

PMID- 3375096
TI  - Addictive treatment.

PMID- 3375097
TI  - The buck stops here.

PMID- 3375098
TI  - Curtains up.

PMID- 3375099
TI  - Mental handicap nursing.

PMID- 3375100
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. Duet for one.

PMID- 3375102
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. Foresight and first aid.

PMID- 3375101
TI  - Mental handicap nursing. All in the family.

PMID- 3375103
TI  - Immunology.

PMID- 3375104
TI  - Growing up normally with cancer.

PMID- 3375105
TI  - Evolution and evaluation of a pain management team.

PMID- 3375106
TI  - Nurse exchange: an innovative approach for office nursing practice.

PMID- 3375107
TI  - The family high-risk program: targeted cancer prevention.

PMID- 3375108
TI  - Informational needs of homosexual men diagnosed with AIDS or AIDS-related
      complex.

PMID- 3375109
TI  - Breast self-examination: reported practices, proficiency, and stage of disease at
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3375110
TI  - Symptom distress in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in the
      outpatient setting.

PMID- 3375112
TI  - External venous catheters: home management.

PMID- 3375111
TI  - Patients' reports of sexual changes after treatment for gynecological cancer.

PMID- 3375113
TI  - Electrolyte replacement.

PMID- 3375114
TI  - Oncology unit analyzes need for K+ runs.

PMID- 3375115
TI  - Oral self-hydration.

PMID- 3375116
TI  - Hypomagnesia in the head and neck cancer patient.

PMID- 3375117
TI  - [Prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3375118
TI  - [AIDS and tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375119
TI  - [Changes in the respiratory tract in patients with ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 3375121
TI  - [Pulmonary syphilis].

PMID- 3375122
TI  - [Early and late diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 3375120
TI  - [Pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and after exertion and left-ventricular function
      in patients with chronic interstitial lung diseases].

PMID- 3375123
TI  - [The food bronchial stimulation test (FBST) is a new method for the diagnosis of
      food allergens. Study of 86 children with food allergy with respiratory
      manifestations].
AB  - The study has been conducted an one hundred children with positive anamnesis for
      eczema, nasal obstruction, restriction of larynx and/or trachea and bronchus,
      under-hearing and nightly snoring. The use of the method of bronchial stimulation
      test with food has demonstrated to useful in the diagnosis of food allergens.
      Examination of food's allergen allowed me to formulate a table of foods
      allergenicity and to underline some anamnestic and physiopathologic data of lung
      capacity and the opening of nasal ways associated with food allergy. I've noted
      some important rays and bronchoscopic data in association with particular kinds
      of symptomatology due to the foods introduction. The exclusion of foods thought
      responsible of the obstructive symptomatology in the subjects caused the return
      to normality of spirometers rhinomanometric values and, in the subjects rather
      deaf, of audiometric and impedantiometric values.

PMID- 3375124
TI  - [Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. Description of a family].
AB  - The authors describe a family, father and two sisters, suffering from spondylo
      epiphyseal dysplasia. The disease is an autosomal dominant; genetic counseling
      depends on an exact diagnosis. The two sisters show some atypical features, which
      confirm the disease heterogeneity.

PMID- 3375125
TI  - [Clinico-histological behavior of celiac patients after gluten load following the
      definitive diagnosis].
AB  - In the last 18 years we have followed 330 children with Coeliac Disease (CD),
      diagnosed according to the ESPGAN criteria (with 3 jejunal biopsies: during the
      acute phase, after a gluten-free diet and after a gluten challenge). One to
      fifteen years after the diagnosis, 61 of them asked to be exposed to a second
      gluten challenge to see if their intolerance was persistent. Ten percent of them
      had already started the challenge by themselves, the others were on Gluten Free
      Diet (GFD). To all 61 serial clinical controls, one-hour-blood-xylose absorption
      test every three months and a jejunal biopsy was suggested. The jejunal biopsy
      was performed when symptoms recurred, or when xylose-test showed an impaired
      absorption, or after 2 years. If the first jejunal biopsy showed a villous
      atrophy the GFD was restarted, while if a normal mucosa was found the gluten
      challenge was continued and the jejunal biopsy repeated every year. 52 children
      (85%) showed a villous atrophy after 1.5 to 72 months. 6 (10%) did not show a
      clinical or histological relapse, 2 refused the jejunal biopsy because
      symptomless, and 1 had to restart the GFD because she developed a dermatitis
      herpetiformis. One-hour-blood-xylose test was performed in 29 children and 20
      (69%) showed a low absorbtion, the majority of them in the first year of
      challenge, and the remaining refused it. 36 of the relapsed children presented
      with mild clinical symptoms while 16 were symptomless.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3375126
TI  - [Antigliadin and antireticulin antibodies in juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus].
AB  - A total of 203 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were
      screened for coeliac disease (CD) by means of serum IgA and IgG antigliadin (AGA)
      (ELISA) and total anti reticulin antibody (ARA) IFL assay. As suggested by
      Savilhati, the combination of the IgA and IgG AGA test with IgA titration in
      serum (to find IgA deficient individuals) identifies almost 100% of CD patients.
      In this study ARA antibody assay was performed and two new suspect coeliac cases
      were found among IgA AGA negative children. Together the ARA and AGA tests give a
      3% overall prevalence of CD in IDDM. The confirmation of CD must still be
      obtained with jejunal biopsy. Even high titres of AGA IgG are less specific for
      coeliac disease and in IDDM may identify those patients who are immunologically
      more hyperreactive.

PMID- 3375127
TI  - [Cardiac rhythm in the newborn infant. A contribution to the definition of
      normality].
AB  - The definition of normal cardiac rhythm in newborn is still uncertain. Authors
      studied thirty healthy newborns by standard and dynamic ECG; results were
      compared and discussed.

PMID- 3375128
TI  - [Cardiologic aspects of Kawasaki's disease].
AB  - Both immediate and long-term prognosis of Kawasaki's disease (K. D.) are due to
      cardiac involvement and, particularly, to coronary artery aneurysms formation. Of
      19 cases that we studied, age ranging between 7 months and 8 years, 18 has been
      followed clinically and with echocardiographic procedure. In 1 case (10 years
      old), which underwent a triple bypass surgical operation due to the presence of
      multiple aneurysms, diagnosis was made retrospectively. In 2 of 19 cases (10.52%)
      coronary artery aneurysms were present. One case showed aneurysm's partial
      regression two years later. In 10 of 18 cases (55.5%) clinical evidence of
      cardiac compromise was present, whereas in no patient ECG alterations occurred at
      all. Our data prove the poor benefit of clinical approach and ECG interpretation
      in K. D., whereas we believe that echocardiographic study is the best method in
      early identification of aneurysms.

PMID- 3375129
TI  - [Epidemiologic research for thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy traits in the
      territory of a local health unit in Liguria].
AB  - The authors investigated the incidence of thalassemia traits and
      hemoglobinopathies in western Liguria, where up to 70% of people comes from other
      italian regions, particularly from the South. The authors screened 442 primary
      school pupils in Albenga and Andora (Savona). Laboratory investigations permitted
      to detect 19 thalassemia trait carrier subjects (4.30% of the total examined): 12
      of them were diagnosed heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, 6 for alpha
      thalassemia, and 1 for Hb S. Authors would underline that more than half of the
      screening positive subjects resulted carrier of beta-thalassemia or Hb S trait,
      both potentially able to give origin to severe diseases: homozygous beta
      thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, and beta-thalassemia/Hb S double heterozygosity.

PMID- 3375130
TI  - [Infections of the urinary tract persisting in successful outcome of vesico
      ureteral reimplants for primary reflux].
AB  - Persistence of urinary tract infections after successful ureteric reimplantation
      for vesico-ureteric reflux has been reported with an incidence varying between 20
      30% according to different series. The Authors analyze their own experience with
      99 patients successfully operated for primary VUR during a five year period. In
      22 patients (22.2%) there was evidence of persistent UTI, which were almost
      exclusively low and asymptomatic (91%) and occurring within 6-12 months after the
      antireflux surgery. A single UTI was documented in over 60% of the patients.
      There was strong female prevalence (21 patients) and 50% were more than 6 years
      old. No significant relationship was found between grade of VUR, renal scarring,
      type of germ and number of preoperative infections and incidence of post
      operative UTI. On the other end, voiding and continence disorders and cystoscopic
      evidence of cystitis cystica would both indicate to be predisposing factors. In
      these specific cases it is mandatory an accurate pre-operative evaluation of the
      voiding habits, in order to better define the treatment strategy, not only
      limited to the surgical correction of the associated reflux.

PMID- 3375131
TI  - [Renal ectopia in childhood. Experience in 13 cases].
AB  - Renal ectopy is a rare congenital malformation related to an abnormal migration
      of the kidney from the sacral to the lumbar region. Three possibilities are
      present: absent migration (pelvic ectopia), excessive (intrathoracic ectopia) or
      to the opposite side (crossed ectopia). During the last 10 years in the
      Department of Pediatric Surgery of the Niguarda Hospital 13 cases of renal ectopy
      have been observed. Five patients had a crossed ectopy (4 with fusion) and eight
      had a simple ectopy (1 intrathoracic, 7 pelvic). Female were more affected than
      males (9 cases) and the right side was involved in 8 cases, the left in 4 cases
      and both kidneys in 1 case. Associated anomalies were present in 7 patients: 6
      cases with exclusively genito-urinary malformations while 1 patient only was
      polimalformed (cloacal exstrophy, MMC, bilateral TEV). Correct diagnosis was
      obtained during urologic screening in 5 cases (1 suspected antenatally), while in
      7 cases was related to the associated symptoms (UTI, hematuria, abdominal pain).
      Seven patients were surgically treated for the associated urologic abnormalities
      while in the remaining six cases no treatment was required.

PMID- 3375133
TI  - Effect of gastrointestinal peptides on ingestion in old and young mice.
AB  - Early satiety may play a role in the anorexia of aging. The effects of the
      peripheral satiety agents cholecystokinin (CCK), bombesin, glucagon, and
      calcitonin were studied in 8 and 25 month old mice. During normal feeding
      behavior, the older mice consumed more than their younger counterparts, however,
      when food deprived, the younger consumed more. All peptides inhibited food intake
      over the first hour after administration in young and old mice. CCK, bombesin,
      and calcitonin suppressed feeding in 25 month old mice to a greater extent than
      in 8 month old mice. However, CCK demonstrated the greatest age-related
      suppression of food intake. CCK has a potential role to play in the pathogenesis
      of the anorexia of aging.

PMID- 3375132
TI  - Acute adrenal insufficiency mimicking septic shock: a case report.
AB  - Acute adrenal insufficiency is an unusual problem that may mimic overwhelming
      sepsis. Elevated cardiac output and low systemic vascular resistance in a patient
      with known risk factors should alert clinicians to the possibility of that
      condition.

PMID- 3375134
TI  - Plasma angiotensin II: interdependence on sodium and calcium homeostasis.
AB  - Interactions between sodium and calcium metabolism and the renin angiotensin
      system (RAS) have been studied. In rats drinking highly palatable 0.5% sodium
      chloride solution for a 6 month period, plasma angiotensin II (p[AII]) levels
      after 6 months did not differ from control animals drinking water. However,
      plasma ionized calcium (p[iCa]) levels were significantly reduced compared to
      controls. In a third group of animals which drank saline, but consumed a calcium
      supplemented chow (2% calcium by weight vs. 1%), p[AII] was significantly
      elevated above both other groups. Further experiments were performed to study
      short term (4 weeks) changes in calcium intake and p[AII] levels. Diets contained
      high (4%), normal (1%) and low (0.05%) calcium content. All animals drank water.
      Plasma total calcium (p[tCa]) and p[iCa] concentration were elevated in the 4%
      calcium group compared with 1% calcium. In the 0.05% calcium group, p[iCa] was
      significantly reduced compared with the 1% group. Compared with the 1% calcium
      group, 4% calcium animals showed significant elevation of p[AII] levels. A
      slight, insignificant elevation was observed in 0.05% calcium rats compared with
      those consuming 1% calcium. A final experiment studied animals on the same
      calcium intakes (0.05, 1 and 4%), but consuming 0.5% saline in place of water. No
      differences in p[iCa], p[tCa] or p[AII] were observed in these experiments.
      However, consumption of saline lead to the expected reduction in p[AII] levels
      which was absent after 6 months in the earlier studies, indicating that normal
      levels of p[AII] in saline drinkers after 6 months was not a measurement
      error.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375137
TI  - Immunoextracted calcitonin in human gastric secretion.
AB  - Immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) has been demonstrated in human gastric juice
      after immunoextraction with immobilized antibodies and subsequent
      radioimmunoassay. The basal levels were 4.5 +/- 3.1 (mean +/- SD) pg-Eq/ml
      gastric juice; range 1.2-9.1 pg-Eq/ml; n = 7, and after stimulatory gastric
      secretion test with pentagastrin 0.3 +/- 0.2 pg-Eq/ml; range 0.1-0.7 pg-Eq/ml; n
      = 7 (p less than 0.01). The main fraction of iCT from gastric juice eluted in the
      same region as synthetic human calcitonin (hCT) on Sephadex G-75 gel
      chromatography. Reverse phase chromatography in a fast protein liquid
      chromatography (FPLC) system revealed a slightly less hydrophobic character of
      the iCT from gastric juice compared to synthetic monomeric hCT. The results were
      further confirmed by using an additional antiserum. In plasma, the calcitonin
      (CT) levels were after immunoextraction at the basal state 6.6 +/- 1.7 pg-Eq/ml
      (mean +/- SD); range 5.1-10.1 pg-Eq/ml; n = 7 and after pentagastrin stimulation
      9.4 +/- 5.4 pg-Eq/ml; range 6.3-18.5 pg-Eq/ml; n = 7.

PMID- 3375135
TI  - Interaction of NPY and VIP in regulation of myometrial blood flow and mechanical
      activity.
AB  - The occurrence, molecular characteristics and biological function of neuropeptide
      Y (NPY) has been studied in the female genital tract of non-pregnant rabbits. NPY
      immunoreactivity was demonstrated throughout the genital tract. Maximum
      concentrations were found in the salpinx (fallopian tube), 570 pmol/g (median)
      lower within the uterine body (1.5 pmol/g), cervix (2.8 pmol/g) and vagina (3.6
      pmol/g). In vitro, NPY had a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on non-vascular
      smooth muscle (ED50 10(-9) mol/l) as studied by myometrial tension recordings. In
      vivo, NPY (50 pmol/min.kg) induced a dose-related, non-adrenergic and non
      cholinergic decrease in myometrial blood flow. Small C-terminal (NPY31-36) or N
      terminal (NPY1-16) fragments of NPY had no effect on myometrial blood flow. NPY
      was found to interact with the smooth muscle effect of VIP; the presence of VIP
      (10(-8) mol/l) counteracted the contraction elicited by NPY (10(-8) mol/l)
      returning the response to control value. VIP and NPY displayed a similar
      physiological antagonism on myometrial blood flow. There was a clear difference
      in the response to VIP and NPY as the effect of NPY on myometrial blood flow
      first appeared after a lag period of 2 minutes whereas the effect of VIP was
      almost instantaneous. It is concluded that NPY and VIP may interact in the local
      nervous control of genital functions.

PMID- 3375136
TI  - A day/night rhythm of vasopressin and oxytocin in rat retina, pineal and
      harderian gland.
AB  - Arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT) and neurophysins (Np) have been found
      in the pineal gland and the retina of the rat. Because the retina, pineal gland
      and Harderian gland (HG) serve analogous functions, we undertook a study to
      determine the presence of these peptides in these three organs of rats. They were
      detected by two specific methods: HPLC and specific radioimmunoassays. For Np,
      total neurophysins (NpT) were measured. To determine a 24 hr rhythm, the animals
      were maintained under a light/dark cycle of 12 hr/12 hr for 3 weeks. The pineal
      glands, retinae and HG were collected. Day/night rhythms of AVP, OT and NpT were
      demonstrated in the retina and HG; but the pineal gland had only AVP rhythm. A
      significant decrease in the rhythms at 4 a.m. was demonstrated in the retina and
      HG. The 24 hr variation of AVP in the retina seemed parallel to that of the HG.

PMID- 3375138
TI  - Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on dopaminergic system in the rat brain.
AB  - The present study analyzed the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on
      the content of dopamine (DA) and its main metabolite, DOPAC, in the rat brain.
      Intracerebroventricular administration of VIP increased the DA and DOPAC content,
      causing a dose-dependent increase in the DOPAC/DA ratio in various regions of the
      brain. The results suggest that VIP facilitates the DA metabolism in the brain.

PMID- 3375139
TI  - Effects of hemorrhage and opiate antagonists on adrenal release of neuropeptides
      in cats.
AB  - Concurrent levels of methionine-enkephalin (ME), neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY
      (PYY), neurotensin (NT), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin
      (CCK) and bombesin (BMB) were measured in adrenal vein (AD), femoral vein (FV)
      and femoral artery (FA) under baseline conditions and during hypotensive
      hemorrhage (HTH) in halothane anesthetized cats (Group II, n = 6) and compared to
      a non-bled control group (Group I, n = 6). Five cats (Group III) received an IV
      bolus of naltrexone (1 mg/kg) followed by a continuous infusion prior to
      induction of HTH. A blood volume loss of approximately 40% evoked a selective
      increase in AD levels of ME, NPY, PYY and NT. No differences in regard to
      hemodynamics and pattern of neuropeptide levels were observed between Group II
      and Group III. Administration of naloxone (1 mg/kg, IV) in Group I and Group II
      at the end of the experiment led to a significant increase in MABP in both groups
      but did not evoke changes in neuropeptide levels. We conclude that adrenal
      neuropeptide release during hypotensive hemorrhage is not modulated by actions on
      opiate receptors in the halothane anesthetized cat.

PMID- 3375140
TI  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide purified from brains of Australian marsupials.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptides (CCK8s) have been purified from methanol extracts of
      two brains from each of two Australian marsupials, Tammar Wallaby and Eastern
      Quoll, containing 3 nmol and 2 nmol of the peptides, respectively. Immunoreactive
      CCK was concentrated on QMA SepPak cartridges and purified by two successive HPLC
      steps on Nova C18 radial-pak cartridges. The sequence of each of the peptides is
      identical with that previously reported for Old World mammals (DYMGWMDF). This is
      in contrast to the previously reported sequence for CCK8 from the South American
      hystricomorphs, guinea pig and chinchilla, which differs in a substitution of
      valine for methionine in position 3 from the NH2-terminus. Although evolutionary
      history suggests that marsupials migrated from South America into Australia
      before the two continents separated, this peptide resembles that found in Old
      World mammals rather than that of South American hystricomorphs. Such molecular
      data are useful in assessing phylogenetic relationships among taxa.

PMID- 3375141
TI  - Prediction of time to progression after orchiectomy by the nuclear androgen
      receptor content from multiple biopsy specimens in patients with advanced
      prostate cancer.
AB  - The nuclear androgen receptor (ARn) content of cancerous prostatic tissue has
      been investigated as a prognosticator for time to progression under endocrine
      therapy. In 1981 a prospective study was started to investigate whether the ARn
      content in biopsy specimens of patients with prostatic carcinoma predicts the
      duration of response following hormonal treatment. ARn was estimated by a
      microassay which involves extraction of nuclear pellets with a heparin-containing
      buffer, exchange labeling of the nuclear extract with 3H-R1881, and quantitation
      of the receptor with protamine sulphate precipitation. One hundred and fifteen
      patients with prostatic cancer entered this study; 47 patients had evidence of
      metastatic disease as proven by bone scan. Forty-two patients were treated by
      orchiectomy; 37 of these patients are evaluable with a minimal follow-up of 30
      months. A relationship between the nuclear androgen receptor content and the time
      to progression following orchiectomy in these patients with metastatic disease of
      the prostate was not found. This could possibly be attributed to the
      heterogeneous nature of the prostatic tumor tissue with respect to the
      distribution of the ARn. We conclude that androgen receptor assay in needle
      biopsies, at least in this study, had no value for the prediction of the time to
      progression after orchiectomy.

PMID- 3375142
TI  - Clinical characteristics of prostatic cancer detected by mass screening.
AB  - Since 1981 we have been studying prostate cancer (Pca) by mass screening in three
      cities, eight towns and seven villages in Gunma prefecture, Japan. From 1981 to
      1985, 5,770 subjects were examined. The clinical character of Pca detected by
      mass screening is compared with control (i.e., Pca detected in the outpatient
      clinic in Gunma University). Of the 54 Pca patients detected by mass screening
      (Stage B: 28, C: 8, D: 18), approximately 50% had early-stage Pca. The ratio of
      early-stage Pca is significantly higher than in the control. An extended survival
      rate in high-stage Pca detected by mass screening also was observed through
      comparison with control. We determined two types of Pca in advanced stage: (1)
      asymptomatic or less symptomatic and better prognostic Pca found in mass
      screening and (2) symptomatic and worse prognostic Pca found in control.

PMID- 3375143
TI  - Primary endodermal sinus tumor of the prostate: report of a case.
AB  - A 29-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Urology of the University of
      Padova with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cystourethrography showed a
      prostatic urethral obstruction, and CT scan demonstrated a low pelvic solid mass
      involving the prostate and the seminal vescicle. A radical prostatectomy was
      performed, and the prostate was found to be widely infiltrated by a neoplasia
      formed by tubules, papillary structures, and solid cords of cuboidal or flat
      elements, each having indistinct borders and scant cytoplasm, in a myxoid or
      fibrous stroma. "Schiller-Duval-like," PAS-diastase-resistant and alfa
      fetoprotein hyaline bodies were present. An endodermal sinus (yolk-sac) tumor was
      diagnosed. There was infiltration of the periurethral prostatic ducts, prostatic
      urethra, and seminal vesicles and single lymph node metastasis. Testicular
      echotomography was negative. In spite of aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the
      patient died 10 months after diagnosis. This is the third case in the literature
      after those presented by Benson and Michel.

PMID- 3375144
TI  - Enzymatic and electrolytic profiles of human semen.
AB  - Chemical parameters comprising urea and creatinine nitrogen, cations (Na+, K+,
      and Ca2+), chloride, phosphorus, protein, cholesterol and enzymes,
      aminotransferases, alkaline and prostatic acid phosphatases, gamma
      glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were ascertained
      for semen from groups A (vasectomized), B (oligospermic), and C (normospermic)
      men, 19 to 55 years of age. Of the parameters, the vasectomized group underwent
      definite depressions in potassium ion, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
      aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase as
      compared with the normospermic group; the last three enzymes and, possibly, the
      urea-creatinine ratio were decreased for the oligospermic group vs. the
      normospermic men. In the comparison of groups A and B, only the decrements in
      alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically
      significant. In corroboration of past reports, CK-BB comprised the main isoenzyme
      of semen creatine kinase.

PMID- 3375145
TI  - Pneumatosis masquerading as abdominal free air.
AB  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is an uncommon disease characterized by
      submucosal or subserosal collections of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and its
      peritoneal attachments. The literature suggests that the clinical course of this
      illness may be benign and self-limited. Clinical manifestations range from
      nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints to life-threatening complications of
      intestinal obstruction or pneumoperitoneum. Radiographic evidence of
      pneumoperitoneum in relatively asymptomatic patients suggests pneumatosis
      cystoides intestinalis. Correct radiographic diagnosis may avoid unnecessary
      surgery. In this unusual case, a patient with apparent subdiaphragmatic free air
      on radiograph was diagnosed as having pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis that
      involved the submucosa of the stomach and was related only to severe gastric
      dilatation. The case was managed expectantly, resulting in resolution of all
      radiographic findings and complete symptomatic recovery.

PMID- 3375146
TI  - Lightning injuries--assessment and prevention.

PMID- 3375147
TI  - Early diagnosis of brain tumor.

PMID- 3375148
TI  - Detection of unknown early pregnancy. A matter of safety.
AB  - Almost 2% of females admitted as accident victims to a general hospital-teaching
      facility were pregnant without their physicians knowing it. Emergency treatment
      of such patients may overshadow other aspects of holistic care and have adverse
      consequences when a pregnancy is unrecognized. These cases illustrate the
      importance of always performing a complete physical examination and obtaining a
      good history that includes menstrual data. When appropriate, we recommend routine
      use of the serum human chorionic gonadotropin test for pregnancy. It is a simple
      and reliable means of detecting pregnancy by ten days after nidation, and its use
      protects the patient, physician, and unborn child. Safer health service is the
      result.

PMID- 3375149
TI  - Management of fingertip trauma.
AB  - Sound knowledge of fingertip anatomy and of the potential for long-term morbidity
      are essential in formulating an organized approach to fingertip injuries. An
      accurate assessment of the deficits created by the injury is then possible. The
      goal of treatment is to re-create normal anatomic relationships as closely as
      possible. Many fingertip injuries are easily managed by a nonspecialist. However,
      more complex procedures, such as the use of local or distant flaps, is beyond the
      realm of most primary care physicians, and appropriate referral to a hand
      specialist may be required.

PMID- 3375150
TI  - Finding the cause of ascites. The importance of accurate fluid analysis.
AB  - Diagnostic paracentesis with ascitic fluid analysis is critical to the accurate
      diagnosis and management of ascites. Recent advances have improved the evaluation
      of ascitic fluid, among them the serum-ascites albumin difference for
      discriminating between ascites caused by liver disease and ascites due to
      malignancy. The ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear leukocyte concentration is the
      best index for the rapid presumptive diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial
      peritonitis. Familiarity on the part of the clinician with ascitic fluid
      interpretation and with ascitic fluid characteristics in various diseases will
      increase the chances of controlling ascites early.

PMID- 3375152
TI  - Do you think yearly Pap smears should be done after a hysterectomy?

PMID- 3375151
TI  - Intussusception. A case that suggests a new cardinal symptom--lethargy.
AB  - Intussusception is an uncommon condition, but it is the most frequent cause of
      bowel obstruction in infants and children aged 3 months to 5 years. If
      undiagnosed, it can result in bowel necrosis, perforation, and even death. Four
      cardinal signs and symptoms (abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, vomiting, and
      abdominal mass) are described in patients with intussusception, but these
      manifestations are not always present and their absence may lead to misdiagnosis.
      Lethargy might be considered a fifth cardinal symptom. As demonstrated in this
      case, lethargy may be a significant presenting feature in an infant with no
      history of abdominal pain, and in association with the other cardinal symptoms,
      it may be an early indication of a significant illness such as intussusception.
      Awareness of this association may result in an earlier diagnosis and an improved
      outcome in patients with intussusception.

PMID- 3375153
TI  - Controlling cholesterol levels through diet.
AB  - High blood cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for coronary artery
      disease. Recent studies have shown that a cholesterol-lowering diet has a
      principal role in reducing coronary events in humans. A diet low in saturated fat
      and cholesterol is recommended for patients with a cholesterol level of more than
      240 mg/dl or a level of between 200 and 239 mg/dl plus other risk factors.
      Measurement of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
      levels provides a baseline value by which to gauge progress. Periodic assessment
      by the physician will give an indication of patient compliance. For patients who
      do not achieve desired goals within six months, drug therapy may be necessary.

PMID- 3375154
TI  - Frivolity in medicine. Is there a place for it?

PMID- 3375155
TI  - Appendicitis in the elderly. A diagnostic challenge.

PMID- 3375156
TI  - Fecal incontinence in elderly patients.
AB  - Fecal incontinence is a common and important problem in the care of the elderly.
      An understanding of the defecation mechanism, appropriate differential diagnosis,
      and the best choice of treatment method are necessary to control this problem.
      Establishing a regular bowel program takes time and energy, but when the final
      result is continence, it is time and energy well spent.

PMID- 3375157
TI  - Exercise-related sudden death. What autopsy findings reveal about its causes in
      conditioned persons over age 30 years.
AB  - Exercise-related sudden death occurred in 72 well-conditioned middle-aged
      subjects. Postmortem examination revealed that coronary atherosclerosis was the
      cause of death in the overwhelming majority. This finding should be the chief
      consideration in any evaluation for healthful exercise given to patients over age
      30 years.

PMID- 3375158
TI  - Asymptomatic proteinuria. Benign disorder or harbinger of disease?
AB  - Proteinuria may be an indication of underlying disease or may be found in various
      physiologic states. Careful quantitation of urinary protein and thorough patient
      evaluation are necessary to determine if proteinuria is cause for concern.
      Transient and orthostatic proteinuria appear to be benign, but persistent
      proteinuria may be a manifestation of serious disease.

PMID- 3375160
TI  - Not all clicks are mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 3375159
TI  - Activated charcoal therapy.

PMID- 3375161
TI  - Hip pain. Don't throw away the cane.
AB  - The most common cause of hip pain is osteoarthritis, which when combined with
      rheumatoid arthritis accounts for 90% of all hip pain diagnoses. Other conditions
      of the joint include fractures, synovitis, and avascular necrosis. There are
      three major conditions that mimic hip disease: nerve root pressure syndrome,
      trochanteric bursitis, and vascular insufficiency. Laboratory studies are often
      of little value for diagnosis. Careful examination and an awareness of possible
      mimicking and concomitant conditions can be more helpful. Treatment of hip
      disease should be conservative as long as the patient can tolerate the discomfort
      and inconvenience. Early treatment may include the use of a cane. If surgery is
      contemplated, insist that the patient get at least two opinions regarding the
      need for and type of surgery to be recommended.

PMID- 3375162
TI  - Fat deposition in a broiler sire strain. 3. Heritability of and genetic
      correlations among body weight, abdominal fat, and feed conversion.
AB  - Body weight, abdominal fat, and feed conversion were measured in ad libitum-fed
      pedigreed chickens of four lines selected from a broiler sire strain. Lines were
      selected for four generations for a low amount of abdominal fat (AF), a favorable
      feed conversion (FC), a high body weight after restricted feeding (GR), and a
      high body weight after ad libitum feeding (GL). A total of 2,400 pedigreed
      chickens from three hatches were reared by line in groups on litter and 864
      chickens were tested for individual feed conversion in individual cages. The h2
      from the sire component for the four lines combined were for body weight, .27
      (litter) and .22 (cages); for weight of abdominal fat, .54 (litter) and .40
      (cages); for percentage abdominal fat, .53 (litter) and .45 (cages); and for feed
      conversion, .44 (cages). Analysis within line and sex indicated that, in the
      relatively fat GR and GL lines, sex-linked inheritance could be involved for
      abdominal fat. In the leaner AF and FC lines this was not the case. Genetic
      correlations (sire estimate) for the four lines combined were, between body
      weight and weight of abdominal fat, .58 (litter) and .55 (cages); between body
      weight and percentage abdominal fat, .36 (litter) and .47 (cages); between body
      weight and feed conversion, .16 (cages); between weight of abdominal and feed
      conversion, .43 (cages); and between percentage abdominal fat and feed
      conversion, .44 (cages). Genetic correlations did not differ significantly
      between sexes, but in the AF and FC lines, the genetic correlation between body
      weight and abdominal fat was higher (AF: .80, FC: .76) than in the GR (.14) and
      GL (.68) lines.

PMID- 3375163
TI  - Fat deposition in a broiler sire strain. 4. Performance of broiler progeny of
      four differently selected sire lines.
AB  - Cocks from four lines selected for a low amount of abdominal fat (AF), a
      favorable feed conversion ratio (FC), and high body weight after restricted (GR)
      or ad libitum (GL) feeding were mated to commercial broiler breeder hens. A total
      of 3,600 broiler progeny in three hatches from these matings was reared by line
      in litter pens. At 41 days of age GR and GL line progeny had significantly
      heavier body weights, poorer feed conversion ratio, and higher percentages of
      abdominal fat than AF and FC line progeny. At comparable body weights (AF, 1,893;
      FC 1,918; GR, 1,848; and GL, 1,897 g) feed conversion was most favorable for FC
      line progeny (1.72), AF and GL line progeny did not differ (1.77), and GR line
      progeny had the poorest feed conversion ratios (1.79). The AF line progeny had
      the lowest percentage abdominal fat (1.88%), followed by FC line progeny (2.20%),
      GL line progeny (2.91%), and GR line progeny (3.10%). As in the pure lines,
      selection for body weight after restricted feeding was not effective in obtaining
      leaner and more efficient chickens. When compared with differences between pure
      lines, results of the broiler progeny matings indicate that body weight, feed
      conversion, and percentage abdominal fat are inherited largely in an additive
      manner.

PMID- 3375164
TI  - Response of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with roxarsone and
      bacitracin methylene disalicylate in diets containing narasin.
AB  - Six trials were conducted at different locations to examine the response of
      broiler chickens to roxarsone and bacitracin in the form of bacitracin methylene
      disalicylate (BMD) in the presence of the anticoccidal narasin. All diets
      contained narasin (80 mg/kg) and were fortified with a factorial arrangement of
      roxarsone (0 to 50 mg/kg) and BMD (0 or 55 mg/kg). Broilers were grown to market
      weights with narasin and roxarsone removed from the diets for the final 5 days.
      Addition of both roxarsone and BMD resulted in significant (P less than .05)
      improvements in body weight and feed utilization. Response to roxarsone for feed
      utilization was influenced to some extent by the presence or absence of BMD.
      Although the response to roxarsone was always positive, the degree of response
      was lessened by the presence of BMD. This resulted in a significant (P less than
      .10) interaction between roxarsone and BMD for feed utilization but not for body
      weight.

PMID- 3375165
TI  - Effect of age and protein restriction on the clearance and secretion of growth
      hormone in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and secretion rates for growth hormone (GH) were
      determined in young (6-wk-old) chicks and adults (1 yr old) as well as in chicks
      fed low protein diets for 2 wk. Birds were either conscious or anesthetized
      during these determinations in the latter study. Age-related differences in
      plasma concentrations of GH reflect greater secretion of GH in younger chicks
      (3.5-fold increase). The MCR was reduced by 35% in chicks compared with adults,
      but when expressed per unit metabolic body weight, was higher in the young
      chickens. The MCR in protein-restricted chicks was 28% lower than in that of
      controls. However, when the MCR was calculated on a metabolic body weight basis,
      protein-restricted and control chicks did not differ in MCR. Elevated plasma
      concentrations of GH in unanesthetized, protein-restricted chicks were due to
      greater GH secretion (2.4-fold) of these chicks compared with secretions of
      chicks fed control diets. Basal secretions of GH, determined in the anesthetized
      chicks, did not differ between dietary treatments. These results indicate that
      secretion of GH but not clearance was affected by protein restriction in
      conscious birds.

PMID- 3375167
TI  - Comparison of commercial diluents for holding turkey semen 24 hours at 5 C.
AB  - The ability was examined of three commercial turkey semen diluents, Beltsville
      Poultry Semen Extender II (BPSE), Instruments for Veterinary Medicine (IMV), and
      Minnesota Turkey Growers Association (MTGA) and two diluents containing
      antibiotics, BPSE + tobramycin (T) and MTGA + gentamicin (G), to maintain the
      fertilizing capacity of turkey semen held for 24 h at 5 C. Hens were inseminated
      weekly with 200 million viable spermatozoa for 15 wk. Fertility of unstored,
      diluted (1:1) semen in MTGA + G (90%) was significantly lower than semen diluted
      in BPSE (95%) or IMV (95%). Fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa diluted in BPSE +
      T (94%) and MTGA (91%) was not different from that of semen diluted in the other
      diluents. Fertility of semen stored for 24 h was highest stored in BPSE (77%)
      followed by values for storage in BPSE + T (64%), MTGA + G (60%), MTGA (41%), and
      IMV (38%). Fertility was affected by a significant interaction between semen
      diluent and storage time. When compared with effects of storage in both
      Beltsville extenders, spermatozoa stored in the other diluents were less motile.
      Spermatozoa stored in all extenders except BPSE had a high rate of lysis.

PMID- 3375166
TI  - Influence of avian pancreatic polypeptide on pancreatic and biliary secretion in
      laying hens.
AB  - White Leghorn hens, 14 to 29 wk of age, were surgically prepared with cannulae
      for collecting secretions from the cystic duct and the duct draining the ventral
      pancreatic lobe and for infusing the jugular vein with avian pancreatic
      polypeptide (aPP) or saline. A plasma infusion rate that produced a plasma level
      of 15 ng of aPP/mL was used. A comparison of values obtained during saline
      infusion with those obtained during aPP infusion indicated that pancreatic and
      biliary secretory volumes and pancreatic total protein concentration were
      significantly depressed by aPP. The pH of pancreatic and biliary secretions were
      not significantly affected by aPP. Because aPP also depresses gastric secretion
      and motility in hens, it is proposed that its physiological role may be to oppose
      or modulate the actions of other, stimulatory gastrointestinal hormones.

PMID- 3375168
TI  - Effects of glycerol on chicken spermatozoa incubated in vitro at 41 C in oviducal
      and embryonic cell cultures.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of glycerol on the
      quality and survival of spermatozoa in an in vitro system at 41 C in the presence
      of oviducal and other tissue cultures. The motility and percentages of abnormal
      and dead spermatozoa of glycerolized semen were significantly affected in a
      positive way by the presence of living cells. The most negative effect of
      glycerol on semen quality was observed with semen incubated in the tissue culture
      medium alone. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in the culture fluid revealed a
      harmful effect of glycerol on spermatozoa and culture cells.

PMID- 3375169
TI  - Effects of beak trimming at different ages on the body weight and feed conversion
      of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris).
AB  - The effect of beak trimming at different ages on feed consumption and growth of
      meat-type guineas (Numida meleagris) up to 12 wk of age was investigated. In the
      first experiment, beaks of birds were trimmed at 7, 28, 49, and 70 days,
      respectively. In the second experiment, beak trimming was done at 42, 49, 56, and
      63 days, respectively. Body weight, feed consumption, and mortality were measured
      first at 4 wk and weekly thereafter in both experiments. Beak trimming of keets
      at 7 days, significantly (P less than .05) reduced body weights at 4, 8, and 12
      wk whereas beak trimming at 70 days significantly (P less than .05) reduced body
      weights at 12 wk. Beak trimming at other ages did not produce significant
      differences in body weights or feed conversions. Mortality was low (2 to 4%)
      throughout.

PMID- 3375170
TI  - Response of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to dietary supplementation of zinc
      bacitracin.
AB  - The effect of dietary bacitracin on the growth and feed conversion of guineas has
      been investigated using graded levels of the antibiotic. The treatments were 0,
      11, 22, and 45 mg bacitracin/kg diet. Poorest live weights were recorded by
      unmedicated guineas. Keets given bacitracin at 11 mg/kg recorded significantly
      higher live weights (P less than .05) than unmedicated chicks. Best live weights
      were obtained at a supplementation level of 22 mg/kg; supplementation to 45 mg/kg
      gave no further growth improvement.

PMID- 3375171
TI  - Turkey poult tolerance to diets containing deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and
      salinomycin.
AB  - Feed taken from a commercial turkey farm where poults had refused to eat the feed
      and high mortality had occurred was analyzed and found to contain .81 mg/kg
      vomitoxin and 2.2 mg/kg salinomycin. The present four experiments investigated
      the effects of diets containing salinomycin at 0, 2.2, 5.5, 11, and 22 mg/kg and
      vomitoxin at 0, 2.2, and 4.4 mg/kg. A factorial design with vomitoxin at 0 and
      4.4 mg/kg and salinomycin at 0 and 22 mg/kg was used in Experiment 4. Poults fed
      the suspect commercial diet had significantly lower feed consumption and higher
      motality than poults fed a control diet (P less than .05). Poults (0 to 3 wk of
      age) fed diets containing vomitoxin (4.4 mg/kg), salinomycin (22 mg/kg), or both
      showed no significant decrease in feed consumption, body weight gain, or
      viability.

PMID- 3375173
TI  - Effect of estradiol-17 beta-monopalmitate on the incidence of sudden death
      syndrome in male broiler chickens.
AB  - One-thousand male broiler crossbred chickens were implanted subcutaneously with
      15 mg of estradiol-17 beta-monopalmitate at 2 wk of age; another 1,000 chickens
      served as untreated controls. Each of the treatments consisted of 8 pens of 125
      chickens each. All chickens that died during the 9-wk experiment were necropsied
      and the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS), determined. There was no
      significant difference between treated and control groups in total mortality or
      in mortality attributed to SDS. Treated birds had higher feed-to-gain ratios and
      drank more water than controls.

PMID- 3375172
TI  - Effects of dietary butylated hydroxyanisole and cysteine on toxicity of Lathyrus
      odoratus to broiler and Japanese quail chicks.
AB  - The effect of .75% dietary butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 1% cysteine on the
      toxicity of Lathyrus odoratus seed to Japanese quail and broiler chicks was
      examined. In both species, the feeding of Lathyrus seed as a component of a
      complete diet depressed (P less than .05) body weight gain and feed intake.
      Typical signs of lathyrism, including ruffled feathers, enlarged hocks, curled
      toes, ataxia, leg paralysis, and mortality, were observed. Neither BHA nor
      cysteine exerted protective effects against the lathyrogenic effects. As assessed
      by mortality, these additives appeared instead to potentiate Lathyrus toxicity.

PMID- 3375174
TI  - Fat deposition in a broiler sire strain. 5. Comparisons of economic efficiency of
      direct and indirect selection against fatness.
AB  - In a simulation study, selection for weight gain in a broiler sire strain was
      compared with 1) one and two stage index selection for weight gain and feed
      conversion and 2) weight gain, slaughter yield, and percentage abdominal fat.
      Weight gain per day was assigned an economic value of 1.138 Dutch cents (ct)1/g;
      feed conversion, -138.18 ct/1.0; slaughter yield, 0 or 7.55 ct/%; and percentage
      abdominal fat, 0 or -10 ct/%. When selection was completely or almost completely
      (as in two stage selection) based on weight gain, percentage abdominal fat
      increased; otherwise it decreased. Weight gain, feed conversion, and slaughter
      yield improved with all selection methods examined. Due to the high positive
      correlation between feed conversion and percentage abdominal fat, selection for
      an index of weight gain and feed conversion gave about the same reduction in
      percentage abdominal fat as selection for an index of weight gain, slaughter
      yield, and percentage abdominal fat. Selection response of the four traits was
      dependent more on selection methods than on sets of economic values. Based on
      economic values, selection for an index of weight gain and feed conversion gave
      1.70 to 3.35 times the financial gain of selection for weight gain only, and
      selection for an index of weight gain, slaughter yield, and percentage abdominal
      fat gave 1.15 to 3.12 times that attained by selection only for weight gain. The
      extra financial gains exceeded by far the estimated additional costs of the index
      selection methods.

PMID- 3375175
TI  - Selection of Japanese quail for contrasting blood corticosterone response to
      immobilization.
AB  - Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divergently selected for 12
      generations for increased (high stress, HS) and decreased (low stress, LS) blood
      corticosterone (B) response to unfamiliar environments. Response lines were
      selected initially on the basis of wild-type quail B response to albino (ALB)
      quail intrusion (S1 to S3) and subsequently on B response to immobilization (IMB)
      (S4 to S12). Using ALB intruders as stressors proved unsuccessful, therefore the
      practice was abandoned in favor of using IMB, which proved successful. Across
      nine generations of selection, using the IMB stressor, the HS line exhibited a
      mean serum B response that was approximately 58% greater than that of the random
      bred (control stress, CS) line, whereas the LS line had a mean response
      approximately 23% less than that of the CS line. Selection differentials were
      approximately three-fold greater in the HS than in the LS line whereas realized
      heritabilities (h2) were approximately two-fold greater in the HS than in the LS
      line.

PMID- 3375177
TI  - Broiler performance when reared under various light sources.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to determine if modern energy-efficient light
      sources, which vary in wavelength emission, affect broiler growth performance.
      The effect of light source on growth performance was determined by measuring body
      weight, feed conversion, and livability at intervals throughout rearing and at
      market age in three flocks of approximately 3,600 broilers each. Illuminance
      within the light-proof experimental facility was approximately 5 1x and
      photoregimen was 1 h dark:23 h light. Trial 1 compared incandescent (IN), warm
      white fluorescent (WWF), and daylight fluorescent (DLF) light sources. The WWF
      source provided superior body weight compared to IN light but feed conversion
      ratios were similar. Both IN and WWF light sources resulted in better body weight
      and feed conversion than that of the DLF light source. Trial 2 used IN, WWF, DLF,
      PL-5 fluorescent (PLF), design white fluorescent (DWF), and high pressure sodium
      (HPS) light sources. The PLF source resulted in mean body weight significantly
      higher than those produced by IN, HPS, and DWF. No other significant differences
      were observed. Trial 3 used IN, WWF, DLF, PLF, HPS, and low pressure sodium (LPS)
      light sources. Feed conversion for the HPS treatment was superior to that of PLF
      and LPS treatments. No other significant differences were observed. Light source
      did not affect livability in any of the trials. These trials demonstrated that
      energy-efficient light sources varying in wavelength emission may affect broiler
      growth performance, but consistent differences were not observed. Generally, IN
      light sources may be replaced with more energy-efficient light sources without
      adverse effects on broiler growth performance.

PMID- 3375176
TI  - Multiphasic analysis of growth curves in chickens.
AB  - A multiphasic function that considers body weight to result from an accumulation
      from more than one phase of growth was used to describe growth curves for Rhode
      Island Red (RIR) and White Leghorn (WL) males and females, from hatching to 45 wk
      of age. Mean body weight gains were fitted by iteratively reweighted nonlinear
      regression using the multiphasic function: (formula; see text) where yt is mean
      gain (grams) at age t; n is number of phases; tanh is hyperbolic tangent; for
      each phase i, ai is half asymptotic weight; bi is growth rate relative to ai
      (weeks-1) and ci is age at maximum gain (weeks). For each phase, maximum gain is
      aibi and duration (days required to attain about 75% of asymptotic yield during
      that phase) is 2bi-1. Estimates of parameters clearly point to the diphasic
      nature of growth and to differences between phases of sexes. First and second
      phases accounted for 97% of total asymptotic weight. For the first phase, males
      attained 70% of their asymptotic weight, whereas females attained 85%. Duration
      of the first phase was 15 wk. For the second phase, it was 12.5 wk for RIR and 10
      for WL males, whereas it was 5 wk for RIR and 6 for WL females. Maximum gain
      during the first phase averaged 144.4 g for males, 108.8 g for females, 156.2 g
      for RIR, and 97.0 g for WL. During the second phase, it was 68.0 g for RIR males
      and females but 71.5 and 55.9 g for WL males and females, respectively. Age at
      maximum gain during the first phase was 12.0 wk. During the second phase, it was
      24.2 wk for RIR females, 2.6 wk later than for males, whereas it was 27.3 wk for
      WL females, 8.3 wk later than for males. For a fixed total asymptotic weight,
      partitioned between two phases of growth, a higher, longer, and later first phase
      was associated with a lower, shorter, and later second phase; the association was
      greater for males than for females.

PMID- 3375178
TI  - Factors influencing antifungal activity of gentian violet in poultry feed and
      ingredients.
AB  - The inhibition of fungal activity in poultry feed and ingredients by gentian
      violet was investigated by measuring respiratory CO2 liberated into the headspace
      gas above samples of feed and ingredients. Inhibition by gentian violet depended
      on 1) the lot of corn meal, 2) the concentration of gentian violet, 3) the
      moisture of the substrate, 4) time of incubation, 5) particle sizes of corn meal
      and gentian violet, and 6) temperature of a short heating episode mimicking the
      feed-pelleting process. These same factors were reported earlier to control and
      limit the activity of organic acid mold inhibitors. These results imply that
      differences between gentian violet and other mold inhibitors used in poultry feed
      are quantitative rather than qualitative.

PMID- 3375179
TI  - Effect of environmental temperature and feeding regimen on quantity of digestive
      tract contents of broilers.
AB  - Carcass contamination from contents of the digestive tract during processing is a
      recurring problem for the broiler industry. Environment and feeding regimen are
      often implicated as causative factors. The effects of environmental temperature
      and meal feeding on passage of feed through the digestive tract of broilers were
      examined. Broilers were reared in environmental chambers in five experiments. In
      the first experiment, environmental temperatures were constant temperatures of 16
      and 27 C and cycles of 16-24-16 and 24-35-24 C and rate of passage of feed
      through the digestive tract (ROP) was determined with ferric oxide. Temperature
      did not consistently affect ROP. In the other four experiments, various
      environmental temperatures were investigated and broilers were fed continuously
      or for 12 or 16 h/day. Contents of the crop, proventriculus plus gizzard, and
      small intestine were weighed 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding withdrawal.
      Environmental temperature did not directly affect the movement of digesta but the
      feeding regimen affected the quantity of digesta in some segments of the tract.
      Environmental temperature may have indirectly affected the quantity of feed in
      the crop by affecting the quantity of feed consumed. Limiting the feeding period
      resulted in retention of digesta in the crop of some broilers for an extended
      period. This increased the variability in quantity of crop contents. A feeding
      regimen X temperature interaction resulted in increased small intestine weight
      for meal-fed broilers at 16 C.

PMID- 3375180
TI  - Thiamin content of chicken muscle and effect of purification variables on
      determined values.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to investigate 1) effects of selected purification
      variables [flow rate, temperature, and volume of eluent using two resins, Decalso
      and Bio-Rex 70 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA)] on the determined thiamin
      values of fried chicken and 2) effects of cooking methods on thiamin content of
      fast food-fried chicken breast muscle using a modified Association of Official
      Analytical Chemists method. With Decalso, a flow rate of less than 1 mL/min
      produced satisfactory recovery of thiamin in a standard solution of more than
      94%; the use of a faster flow rate of more than 1.5 mL/min resulted in a low
      recovery value (around 82%). Hot eluent temperature significantly increased
      thiamin recovery from 90.1 to 99.4%. Thiamin recovery from the Bio-Rex 70 was
      affected minimally by eluent flow rate, eluent temperature, and eluent volume. A
      recovery value of about 97% was obtained from the Bio-Rex 70 at all flow rates,
      with the highest value at 1.5 mL/min. Generally, the use of Bio-Rex 70 resulted
      in slightly lower determined thiamin values for fried chicken meat but higher and
      more consistent recovery of a standard thiamin solution than the use of Decalso.
      The thiamin contents of chicken breast muscles cooked by the two methods were not
      significantly different (pressure-fried chicken, .207; open vat-fried chicken,
      .239 mg/100 g on a moisture and fat-free basis).

PMID- 3375181
TI  - Bioavailability of amino acids in plant feedstuffs determined by in vitro
      digestion, chick growth assay, and true amino acid availability methods.
AB  - An in vitro, pepsin-pancreatin digestibility method was used to estimate the
      bioavailabilities of amino acids in plant feedstuffs, including two cultivars of
      four cereal grains and three high-protein feedstuffs. As a technique for
      separating hydrolytic products from substrate, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was
      compared with three ultrafiltration techniques. Solutions were filtered
      continuously by a membrane of 500-Dalton pore size (cUF) and terminally by
      membranes of 500 Dalton (tUF) and 10,000 Dalton (CX). Additionally,
      bioavailability of amino acids was determined in vivo by the true amino acid
      availability (TAAA) method and utilization of lysine was determined by chick
      growth assay (CGA). Correlations of in vitro and in vivo estimates of
      availabilities were ranked CX = cUF greater than tUF greater than TCA for total
      amino acids and were ranked similarly for most individual amino acids. When
      determined using the superior technique, correlation between in vitro
      digestibilities of amino acids and TAAA were moderately high for the combined
      cereal grains (r = .92), were lower when data included wheat middlings (r = .90),
      but were unreliable when data included soybean meal and corn gluten meal (r =
      .29). Prediction of CGA values from in vitro digestibility was less reliable (r =
      .42) than that using TAAA values. There was agreement between values for lysine
      availability when determined for six grain samples by CGA and TAAA (r = .79).
      Evaluation from the correlations of the in vitro with the in vivo estimates of
      availabilities indicated that terminal filtration by a membrane of medium pore
      size (10,000 Dalton) or continuous filtration by a membrane of very low pore size
      (500 Dalton) made separations superior to those of terminal filtration (500
      Dalton) and TCA precipitation.

PMID- 3375182
TI  - A simplified diet for assaying methionine activity.
AB  - Several experiments were undertaken to evaluate diets that could be used to
      bioassay methionine activity in various compounds. The following semipurified
      diets were tested: a corn-soy-gelatin basal (CSG) diet supplemented with
      essential amino acids (EAA) at 23% crude protein (CP); a soybean meal diet at 23%
      CP; and a soybean meal diet at 15% CP with all the protein coming from dehulled
      soybean meal and starch, glucose, and fat used as sources of energy. The CSG and
      15% CP soybean meal diets proved to be sensitive in their response to methionine
      supplementation. Birds fed the CSG diet supplemented with methionine and
      tryptophan were smaller (P less than .01) than birds fed the 23% CP soybean meal
      diet, thus suggesting that something other than EAA was limiting the performance
      of birds fed this diet. Based on sensitivity to methionine supplementation,
      simplicity and cost of diet, the low protein soybean meal diet seems most
      appropriate for methionine bioassays.

PMID- 3375183
TI  - Bioavailability of phosphorus from various phosphates based on body weight and
      toe ash measurements.
AB  - Two experiments involving 1,152 turkeys were conducted to determine the relative
      bioavailability of phosphorus of eight phosphates from commercial and
      experimental sources. The basal diet, composed of 52% dehulled soybean meal and
      41% ground yellow corn, contained 1.48% calcium and .44% total phosphorus.
      Phosphorus from the eight sources was added to the basal diet at levels of .09,
      .18, or .27% to form 24 diets with a constant calcium content. Each diet was fed
      to one pen of eight males and eight females from 1 to 4 wk of age in the first
      experiment and to two pens (one of each sex) of 16 poults/pen from 0 to 4 wk of
      age in the second experiment. Measurements of percentage ash of the middle toe
      pooled from all poults within a pen and of average body weight at 4 wk of age
      provided similar relative phosphorus availability values. With the phosphorus in
      monocalcium phosphate as the standard set at 100%, phosphorus from two sources of
      dicalcium phosphate and one source of defluorinated phosphate were found not
      significantly different in bioavailability (95, 105, and 103%, respectively).
      Phosphorus in curacao phosphate was only 55% available and in the three
      experimental defluorinated phosphates, phosphorus was 81, 70, and 87% available.
      Significant differences in bioavailability between two samples greater than 13
      and 18% were found when using toe ash and body weight measurement, respectively.

PMID- 3375184
TI  - Structure/activity relationships of a homologous series of surfactants (nonyl
      phenoxypolyethoxyethanols) on rat vaginal bioelectric activity over the oestrous
      cycle.
AB  - The spermicide nonoxynol-9 is a member of a homologous series of alkylphenol
      ethoxylates (polyethoxyethanols) of general formula C9H19-C6H6-O-(CH2CH2O)n-1
      CH2CH2OH. Nonoxynol-9 when instilled into the vagina of anaesthetized rats causes
      a rapid fall in the transvaginal potential difference (p.d.). Using the time
      taken for the p.d. to fall to half its value (t 1/2), the structure/activity
      relationship of a number of isosmolar solutions of the compounds on the vaginal
      p.d. was assessed during the oestrous cycle. Members of the series tested had n =
      1.5, 4, 6, 8/9, 9, 10/11, 15, 20, 30 and 40 and were commercially available
      (Antarox CO series, GAF). At pro-oestrus all compounds were ineffective. At
      metoestrus and oestrus the relationship between the activity of the series and
      the n value was clearly U-shaped, a similar pattern was apparent at dioestrus.
      When n = 40, 30 or 20 little or no effect was observed on the p.d. but the
      depressive activity was significant at n = 15 and became maximal at n = 8/9 and
      9. When n = 6 the activity began to attenuate while at n = 4 and 1.5 it became
      very reduced. The relation between the ability to depress the p.d. and the moles
      of ethylene oxide (n) appeared to be related to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic
      balance of the compound. When n was greater than 15 the compounds were too
      hydrophilic to enter the membrane phase and cause disruption while when n less
      than 6 they were too hydrophobic and had too small a molar volume to affect
      membrane function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375185
TI  - Extrahepatic sites of metabolism of halothane in the rat.
AB  - Rats were given 14C-halothane intravenously and whole-body autoradiography with
      freeze-dried sections, or with sections extracted in trichloroacetic acid, water,
      and organic solvents, was carried out to trace tissues accumulating halothane
      metabolites. In vitro incubations of tissue homogenates were performed to examine
      the capacity by the various organs to form tissue-bound 14C from the 14C
      halothane. Autoradiography of isolated organs after incubation with 14C-halothane
      was performed to study the tissue localization of halothane metabolites formed
      under in vitro conditions. A localization of halothane metabolites was observed
      in several extrahepatic tissues in vivo, and the in vitro experiments showed a
      capacity by the same tissues to transform 14C-halothane to metabolites that bind
      strongly to tissue components. In addition to the liver, the other tissues shown
      to have a marked halothane-metabolizing capacity were the nasal mucosa, lateral
      nasal gland, mucosa of the tongue, cheek, soft palate (but not the hard palate),
      pharynx, larynx, oesophagus, and the tracheo-bronchial mucosa. The in vivo data
      obtained indicated a diffusion of the halothane over the walls of the large
      intestine and the caecum, followed by the formation of apparently reductive
      metabolites by intestinal microbes and a binding of the metabolites to the
      intestinal contents. The localization of halothane metabolites in the upper
      alimentary and respiratory pathways is correlated to the presence of cytochrome P
      450 at these sites.

PMID- 3375187
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and dynamic effects of diltiazem in the isolated guinea-pig
      heart.
AB  - Myocardial pharmacokinetics of diltiazem showed two-compartment characteristics
      in the isolated, spontaneously beating guinea-pig heart. Half-times of initial
      and terminal drug accumulation phases were about 2.1 and 14.4 min., respectively.
      At 1 microgram ml-1 (2.4 microM) in the perfusion liquid the average
      concentration of diltiazem in the myocardium at steady state was about 16
      micrograms g-1 (38.6 microM) with 17% referable to the deepest, possibly
      intracellular compartment. Increasing diltiazem concentrations from 13 to 889 ng
      ml-1 (31-2144 nM) produced a progressive increase in coronary flowrate from 100
      to 174%. The computed Em- and EC50-values were 73.2% and 187 nM, respectively.
      Oxygen consumption decreased to 27.6% showing Em = 106% and IC50 = 1536 nM.
      Amplitude and velocity of myocardial contraction decreased to about 6% and 2%; Em
      = 101% and 104%, IC50 = 266 and 186 nM, respectively. Heart beating frequency
      decreased to 63% exhibiting Em = 58% and IC50 = 2015 nM. The PQ- and QRS
      intervals increased to 133% and 112%, respectively. The frequency-corrected QT
      interval decreased to 81.6%. Our findings demonstrate a relatively rapid and
      moderate accumulation of diltiazem in the guinea-pig heart accompanied by a
      marked increase in coronary flow, progressive and pronounced negative inotropic
      and chronotropic effects and a less than proportional decrease in oxygen
      consumption.

PMID- 3375188
TI  - Effects of ouabain on 86Rb-uptake, 3H-5-HT-uptake and aggregation by 5-HT and ADP
      in human platelets.
AB  - In the search of sensitive models for actions of digitalis-like substances on
      intact cells or tissues, the effects of ouabain on human platelets were
      investigated. In a concentration-dependent manner ouabain 10(-8)-10(-4) M
      inhibited Na+-K+-ATPase activity measured as uptake of 86Rubidium (86Rb), with
      about 90% inhibition of the total uptake at ouabain greater than or equal to 10(
      6) M. An almost identical concentration-effect curve was found for platelet
      uptake of 3H-serotonin (3H-5-HT). The platelet shape change reaction to exogenous
      5-HT (1 X 10(-6) M) was suppressed by ouabain (10(-8)-10(-4) M) in a
      concentration-dependent manner, but with no clear maximum effect within the range
      tested. Aggregation induced by adenosine-di-phosphate (ADP 2 X 10(-6) M) was
      enhanced by ouabain 10(-8)-10(-6) M. At the highest concentration tested the rate
      of aggregation was increased by 31% and the change in light transmission by 54%.
      At low concentrations (less than 10(-9) M) of ouabain, there was a tendency
      towards increased aggregation as well as increased uptake of 86Rb, which may be a
      parallel to observations of positive inotropic effects of low concentration of
      glycosides, which do not inhibit Na+-K+-ATPase. The results show that human
      platelets can be used as a model tissue for studying effects of cardiac
      glycosides. This suggests that it may be useful for further investigations of the
      biological effects of agents with a similar effect profile, e.g. endogenous
      digitalis-like substances.

PMID- 3375186
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of selectively deuterated and methylated analogues of Tris-BP and
      Bis-BP in the rat.
AB  - Selectively deuterated and methylated analogues of the flame retardant tris(2,3
      dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) and its nephrotoxic metabolite bis(2,3
      dibromopropyl)phosphate (Bis-BP) were compared to Tris-BP and Bis-BP in inducing
      acute renal damage in rats. None of the deuterated Tris-BP or Bis-BP analogues
      significantly altered morphological evidence of nephrotoxicity compared to the
      protio compounds. On the other hand, some of the selectively methylated analogues
      were much less nephrotoxic. Although the C1-methyl analogues of both Tris-BP and
      Bis-BP were as potent nephrotoxicants as Tris-BP and Bis-BP, respectively,
      neither the C2-methyl nor the C3-methyl analogues were significantly nephrotoxic.
      Interestingly, whereas the 3,4-dibromobutyl homologue of Tris-BP was not
      nephrotoxic, the corresponding 3,4-dibromobutyl-Bis homologue was as nephrotoxic
      as Bis-BP. Additional investigations with treatments that are known to decrease
      nephrotoxicity caused by several halogenated alkenes, showed that L-(alpha S,5S)
      alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125) and
      aminooxyacetic acid were without effects on Tris-BP induced renal damage.
      Probenecid pretreatment led to a reduction in Tris-BP and Bis-BP tubular
      necrosis, these effects may be related to inhibition of Bis-BP uptake in the
      kidney. It appears that the cysteine conjugate beta-lyase pathway is not involved
      in the generation of nephrotoxic metabolites of Tris-BP.

PMID- 3375189
TI  - [Lymphocytic surface markers in bronchoalveolar lavage--how much time may elapse
      between lavage and preparation?].

PMID- 3375190
TI  - [Cell number, differential cytology and lymphocyte subpopulations of
      bronchoalveolar lavage under different storage conditions].

PMID- 3375191
TI  - [First German Aids Congress on January 8-9, 1988 in Munich].

PMID- 3375192
TI  - [German Society for Pneumology and Tuberculosis: meeting of the Working Group on
      Bronchoalveolar Lavage. Freiburg, 17 June 1987. Proceedings].

PMID- 3375193
TI  - [Results of a survey of methodological procedures in bronchoalveolar lavage].

PMID- 3375194
TI  - [The effect of broncho-alveolar lavage on free lung cells].

PMID- 3375196
TI  - [Cellular and humoral components of bronchoalveolar lavage from various segments
      of the lung].

PMID- 3375195
TI  - [Critical comment on the quantitative analysis BAL fluid (short version)].

PMID- 3375197
TI  - [Cell differentiation in bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung diseases-
      studies of sensitivity and specificity].

PMID- 3375198
TI  - [Differential cytology of BAL in different storage modalities of cells].

PMID- 3375199
TI  - Interstitial deletion of chromosome 1 [del(1)(q25q32)] in an infant with prune
      belly sequence.
AB  - Relatively few cases of deletion 1q have been reported. These cases have been
      divided into three groups according to assigned breakpoints. They include
      proximal interstitial, intermediate interstitial, and terminal deletions. We
      present a male infant with an interstitial deletion of 1q with breakpoints
      determined by GTG banding as q25 and q32. Comparison with similar case reports
      suggests common physical features which include microcephaly, growth retardation,
      developmental delay, clinodactyly, and genital anomalies in affected males.
      However, no characteristic phenotypic appearance is definable. The infant also
      presented with prune belly sequence (PBS) with Potter facies. Fetal ascites, as
      noted in this case on prenatal ultrasound, appears to be an early factor in the
      pathogenesis of PBS. Therefore, detection of fetal ascites should suggest the
      presence of the PBS association and the need for more extensive prenatal
      evaluation.

PMID- 3375200
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia: the viewpoint of patients.
AB  - Twenty-eight young people with thalassemia major expressed their opinion about
      prenatal diagnosis. All of them stated that they intended to marry and have
      children; thirteen of them (46 per cent) said that they would have also accepted
      a thalassemic carrier as a partner and that if married to a carrier they would
      have undergone prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion. All but one refused the
      prospect of an affected child. When asked if they would have preferred that
      before their birth their parents had undergone prenatal diagnosis and abortion,
      19 patients (68 per cent) gave an affirmative answer. These results clearly
      indicate that even people affected by thalassemia major, who are the potential
      victims of prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion, largely accept prenatal
      diagnosis as a means of preventing their disease.

PMID- 3375201
TI  - Trisomy 14 mosaicism leading to cytogenetic discrepancies in chorionic villi
      sampled at different times.
AB  - Short- and long-term cultures of chorionic villi obtained in the 11th week of
      pregnancy revealed trisomy 14. After induced abortion trisomy 14 mosaicism was
      established in fetal skin and umbilical cord tissue while a second long-term
      culture of chorionic villi exhibited a normal karyotype. The results of the
      pathological investigations are discussed with respect to the cytogenetic
      findings.

PMID- 3375203
TI  - Aspergillus ficuum extracellular pH 6.0 optimum acid phosphatase: purification, N
      terminal amino acid sequence, and biochemical characterization.
AB  - An extracellular acid phosphatase, pH optimum 6.0 from crude culture filtrate of
      Aspergillus ficuum was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange
      chromatography and chromatofocusing steps. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme
      exhibited two stained bands at approximately 82-KDa and 70-KDa. The mobility of
      the active enzyme in gel permeation chromatography indicated the molecular mass
      to be about 85-KDa. In the concentrated form the enzyme appeared to be purple,
      the visible absorption spectrum shows a lambda max at 580 nm. On the basis of
      molecular mass of 82-KDa, the molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 280
      nm and 580 nm was estimated to be 1.2 x 10(5) M-1 cm-1 and 1.3 x 10(3) M-1 cm-1
      respectively. Judging by chromatofocusing, the isoelectric point of the enzyme
      was about 4.9. The purified enzyme was unstable at 70 degrees C. The enzyme was
      catalytically very active from 55 degrees to 65 degrees C with a maximum activity
      at 63 degrees C. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme for p-nitrophenylphosphate
      was 200 microM with a computed Kcat of 260 per sec. Although the enzyme was
      insensitive to fluoride, tartrate, and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), it was
      competitively inhibited by phosphomycin (Ki = 1.00 mM) and inorganic
      orthophosphate (Ki = 165 microM). While the enzyme was relatively insensitive to
      Mn++, Cu++ and Zn++ inhibited the activity 540 fold at a concentration of 100
      microM. The enzyme showed positive PAS staining and hence is a glycoprotein (28%
      glycosylation); the sugar composition suggests the presence of N-linked high
      mannose-oligosaccharides and galactose. A partial N-terminal amino acid sequence
      up to the thirty-fourth residue was elucidated.

PMID- 3375202
TI  - An improved purification method for cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from several
      sources.
AB  - A new purification method for cytosolic malate dehydrogenases from several
      sources has been developed. The procedure, employing chromatographies on 5'AMP
      Sepharose, DEAE-Sephacel and Blue-Sepharose, allows for a rapid isolation of the
      enzyme (approximately 40 hours), in large quantities, with good yields (45-54%).
      The specific activity of final preparations were around 1300 I.U./mg and were
      judged homogeneous by polyacrylamide gradient gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance size exclusion
      chromatography and isoelectric focusing.

PMID- 3375204
TI  - 4-Methyleneglutamic acid and 4-methyleneglutamine: isolation from extracts of
      peanut seedlings and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The non-protein amino acids, 4-methyleneglutamic acid and 4-methyleneglutamine,
      are isolated from aqueous extracts of peanut seedlings in good yield and high
      purity using a simple HCl-gradient elution from a column of cation-exchange resin
      followed, in some instances, by a gradient elution with acetic acid from a column
      of an anion-exchange resin. All of the 4-substituted glutamic acids commonly
      found in legume species are resolved by a combination of these two system. For
      analytical purposes, resolution of the acidic amino acids as their
      phenylthiocarbamoyl derivatives is achieved by HPLC but not by conventional ion
      exchange amino acid analysis. Although 4-methyleneglutamine undergoes cyclic
      deamidation in acidic medium at a slower rate than glutamine, this reaction
      occurs to a significant extent at 22 degrees C but not a 4 degrees C during the
      cation-exchange chromatographic fractionation.

PMID- 3375205
TI  - Simultaneous preparation from human placenta of several enzymes of glucose
      metabolism.
AB  - A procedure for the simultaneous purification to homogeneity of hexokinase,
      phosphoglucomutase 1 and 2, aldolase, phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase from human origin has been developed. Human placenta
      homogenate was first chromatographed on DE-52 column which retains hexokinase and
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase while the other enzymes are recovered in the
      unabsorbed protein fraction. The other steps in the purification involve Matrex
      gel and specific affinity chromatography for the DE-52 retained enzymes and
      phosphocellulose and Matrex gel chromatography for the other enzymes. All the
      enzymes mentioned were obtained in one week, with recoveries from 14 percent for
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to 75 percent for hexokinase. Thus, the
      procedures utilized seem to be useful in obtaining large amounts of enzymes in a
      a homogeneous form from an easily available human tissue.

PMID- 3375206
TI  - A simple preparative method for the isolation of amylose and amylopectin from
      potato starch.
AB  - The defatted starch was dispersed in NaOH (1 M) and neutralized with HCl (1 M).
      The amylose 1-butanol complex is adsorbed on defatted cellulose powder in the
      solvent system containing acetate buffer (pH 4.8,0.1 M) + urea (2 M) + 1-butanol
      (8.5%, v/v). The complex adsorbed on cellulose powder is separated by
      centrifugation (2418 g). The sediment is washed with the solvent system-I to
      obtain the intermediate fraction. The adsorbed amylose is eluted with urea (2 M)
      in acetate buffer (pH 4.8, 0.1 M). The amylose, intermediate fraction and
      amylopectin were precipitated with ethanol, washed free of urea and air dried.
      They were characterized by determining their blue value and beta -amylolysis
      limit.

PMID- 3375208
TI  - [State of the kinin system of the blood and immunologic reactivity of children
      with initial manifestations and minor forms of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic
      lymph nodes].

PMID- 3375207
TI  - Purification of proteins from polyacrylamide gels, free of detergent or dye.
AB  - A two step procedure recovers proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gels. The proteins are eluted by electrophoretic dialysis. The eluent is then
      passed through an Amberlite CG-400 anion-exchange resin. The recovery of protein
      is nearly total. The recovered proteins have no detectable sodium dodecyl sulfate
      contamination. With gels that have been stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R,
      the procedure recovers the proteins free of the dye. We have used this procedure
      successfully during the purification of epidermal glycoproteins.

PMID- 3375210
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory diagnosis of silicotuberculosis].

PMID- 3375209
TI  - [Value of the cytotuberculin test in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375211
TI  - [Value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis].

PMID- 3375212
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the large bronchi as a manifestation of the reactivation process
      in the intrathoracic lymphatic nodes and its role in the development of specific
      and nonspecific pathology of the respiratory organs in adults].

PMID- 3375213
TI  - [Experience of the Central Tuberculosis Scientific Research Institute of the USSR
      Ministry of Public Health in providing practical assistance to tuberculosis
      clinics and medical institutions in the Moscow general medical system].

PMID- 3375214
TI  - [Characteristics of patients with combined active pulmonary and osteoarticular
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375215
TI  - [Phenotype of isoniazid acetylation and tolerance of antitubercular drugs].

PMID- 3375217
TI  - [Diagnosis of teratoid tumors of the mediastinum and their surgical treatment].

PMID- 3375216
TI  - [Effect of complex treatment with tuberculin, splenin and antibacterial agents on
      the hemodynamic indices and immune state in patients with pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375218
TI  - [Effect of cardiac glycosides on the hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation in
      patients with chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 3375219
TI  - [Characteristics of the pulmonary macrophages in rabbits].

PMID- 3375220
TI  - [HLA antigens in different forms and variants of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375222
TI  - [Pathogenetic classification of tuberculosis of the female genital organs].

PMID- 3375221
TI  - [State of the surfactant in different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375223
TI  - [Classification of tuberculosis of the female genital organs].

PMID- 3375224
TI  - [Mutually aggravating effects of primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375225
TI  - [Complications of endoscopic studies of the bronchi].

PMID- 3375226
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients at a phthisiosurgical clinic].

PMID- 3375227
TI  - Serum concentrations of trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic isoamylase
      in insulin dependent diabetic patients.
AB  - Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic isoamylase were measured in
      302 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (166 men) using radioimmunoassay for the
      former and a photocolorimetric method for the latter. There was a significant
      correlation between the two enzymes (r = 0.67, p less than 0.0001) with lower
      concentrations of both trypsin-like immunoreactivity (208.8 micrograms/L) and
      pancreatic isoamylase (67.5 U/L) in diabetic patients as compared to controls (p
      less than 0.0001). Using multiple regression analysis, a statistically
      significant association was only apparent between enzyme concentrations and age
      at onset of diabetes (r = 0.31, p less than 0.0001). The results suggest that
      impaired exocrine pancreatic function may occur in an appreciable proportion of
      diabetic patients and also that a primary insult to the exocrine pancreas
      occurring at the time of endocrine injury may be a contributory factor.

PMID- 3375228
TI  - Lung vascular permeability in patients with acute pancreatitis.
AB  - Acute pancreatitis may be complicated by acute lung injury associated with
      increased lung vascular permeability to plasma protein. The pulmonary
      accumulation of the plasma protein transferrin, radiolabelled in vivo with indium
      113m, was monitored using a portable probe radiation detector in sixteen patients
      with acute pancreatitis. Plasma protein accumulation (PPA) indices were within
      normal limits (less than 0.5 X 10(-3)min-1) in all survivors (n = 10) and
      elevated in all but one of the non-survivors. All non-survivors had severe acute
      pancreatitis as judged by standard criteria. Thus increased lung vascular
      permeability was not a constant feature of uncomplicated acute pancreatitis and
      was only observed in patients with multisystem failure accompanied by clinically
      evident acute lung injury.

PMID- 3375230
TI  - Free fatty acids in human pure pancreatic juice.
AB  - Human pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) and serum were analyzed for free fatty acids
      (FFAs) to study whether the damage to pancreatic cell membranes in pancreatitis
      is reflected as abnormal FFAs concentration and composition. Patients consisted
      of 13 normal controls, 7 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in remission, and
      27 with chronic pancreatitis (CP). PPJ was collected at 2-min intervals after
      secretin and then cholecystokininpancreozymin stimulation by endoscopic
      cannulation of the pancreas. The following results were obtained: (a) serum FFAs
      concentration and composition showed no significant difference between the three
      groups. (b) FFAs concentration in PPJ was significantly raised in CP through all
      secretory phases. The rise was significant only in "secretin phase" in AP. In
      many of the cases with raised FFAs concentration in PPJ, the FFAs composition was
      similar to that in serum. (c) Arachidonic acid, undetected in normal PPJ, was
      disproportionately high in concentration and composition in PPJ of eight patients
      with CP. Two mechanisms were proposed to explain these abnormalities:
      transudation of serum FFAs into the pancreatic duct and local production of
      arachidonic acid as a result of the damage to pancreatic cell membranes.

PMID- 3375231
TI  - Chronic cyanide poisoning: unifying concept for alcoholic and tropical
      pancreatitis.
AB  - We hypothesize that chronic cyanide toxicity may explain the occurrence of
      calcific pancreatitis in chronic alcoholic individuals in affluent Western
      nations and malnourished children and young adults in developing tropical
      regions. In alcoholic persons the source of cyanide is cigarette smoke, and in
      tropical countries the source could be cassava or other plants. The cyanide
      hypothesis is consistent with the known epidemiologic and metabolic
      characteristics of these two contrasting forms of pancreatitis. We believe that
      continued chronic cyanide poisoning could reinforce any independent effect of
      alcohol or malnutrition on the pancreas, resulting in an exaggerated and perhaps
      irreversible form of the disease.

PMID- 3375232
TI  - Nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors presenting as pancreatitis:
      report of four cases.
AB  - The presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma as acute or chronic pancreatitis
      has been well documented; however, there has been only one previous report of
      either functioning or nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated
      with pancreatitis. At the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston,
      from March 1982 through September 1987, we have managed four patients with
      nonfunctioning pancreatic islet cell tumors or carcinoids, which presented with
      attacks of pancreatitis. Three of the patients had recurrent bouts of upper
      abdominal and lower dorsal back pain with elevation of the serum amylase. One
      patient presented initially with acute upper abdominal pain and elevation of the
      serum amylase. Each patient had an endoscopic retrograde cholangeography
      pancreatography (ERCP) pattern involving the pancreatic duct which was
      characterized by diffuse dilatation proximal to the site of obstruction. One of
      the four had a tumor blush on splanchnic angiography. Each patient had CT
      evidence of a mass in the head of the pancreas; however, one of the four was
      found to have diffuse involvement of the entire gland at operation. Surgical
      therapy varied: (a) local excision of the ampullary area with re-anastomosis of
      the pancreatic duct to the duodenum and choledochoduodenostomy; (b) bypass with
      cholecystoduodenostomy and caudal pancreaticojejunostomy; (e) total
      pancreatectomy; or (d) bypass with a Roux-en-Y cholecystojejunostomy and
      gastrojejunostomy. The choice of the procedure was based on the patient's
      condition and operative findings.

PMID- 3375229
TI  - Identification of rat pancreatic secretory proteins after separation by high
      performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - In the present study an improved method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) for separation of rat pancreatic juice proteins is
      introduced. Aliquots of pancreatic juice were saved from conscious rats during
      basal secretion. The secretory proteins were separated on a wide-pore silica
      column by use of a multistep acetonitrile/water gradient. Up to 14 individual
      peaks could be separated by one run. Molecular weight analysis by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS)-gels allowed identification of peaks representing amylase, lipase,
      procarboxypeptidases, proelastase, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen. Injection
      of pure rat amylase increased one specific peak which was assumed to represent
      amylase in the juice profile. Small amounts of residual enzymatic activities were
      measured for amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in material of certain peaks.
      Activities of lipase, ribonuclease, and carboxypeptidases were not found, which
      reflected degradation of these enzymes by the separation procedure. High
      activities of phospholipase A2 were detected in one specific, early-eluting peak.
      Reversed-phase HPLC offers precise, reproducible, and rapid separation of the
      major proteins of rat pancreatic juice.

PMID- 3375233
TI  - Two trifluoperazine-binding sites on calmodulin predicted from comparative
      molecular modeling with troponin-C.
AB  - Among the known regulatory proteins that are conformationally sensitive to the
      binding of calcium ions, calmodulin and troponin-C have the greatest primary
      sequence homology. This observation has led to the conclusion that the most
      accurate predicted molecular model of calmodulin would be based on the X-ray
      crystallographic coordinates of the highly refined structure of turkey skeletal
      troponin-C. This paper describes the structure of calmodulin built from such a
      premise. The resulting molecular model was subjected to conjugate gradient energy
      minimization to remove unacceptable intramolecular non-bonded contacts. In the
      analysis of the resulting structure, many features of calmodulin, including the
      detailed conformation of the Ca2+-binding loops, the amino- and carboxy-terminal
      hydrophobic patches of the Ca2+-bound form, and the several clusters of acidic
      residues can be reconciled with much of the previously published solution data.
      Calmodulin is missing the N-terminal helix characteristic of troponin-C. The
      deletion of three residues from the central helical linker (denoted D/E in
      troponin-C) shortens the molecule and changes the orientation of the two domains
      of calmodulin by 60 degrees relative to those in troponin-C. The molecular model
      has been used to derive two possible binding sites for the antipsychotic drug
      trifluoperazine, a potent competitive inhibitor of calmodulin activity.

PMID- 3375234
TI  - Flexibility of the DNA-binding domains of trp repressor.
AB  - An orthorhombic crystal form of trp repressor (aporepressor plus L-tryptophan
      ligand) was solved by molecular replacement, refined to 1.65 A resolution, and
      compared to the structure of the repressor in trigonal crystals. Even though
      these two crystal forms of repressor were grown under identical conditions, the
      refined structures have distinctly different conformations of the DNA-binding
      domains. Unlike the repressor/aporepressor structural transition, the
      conformational shift is not caused by the binding or loss of the L-tryptophan
      ligand. We conclude that while L-tryptophan binding is essential for forming a
      specific complex with trp operator DNA, the corepressor ligand does not lock the
      repressor into a single conformation that is complementary to the operator. This
      flexibility may be required by the various binding modes proposed for trp
      repressor in its search for and adherence to its three different operator sites.

PMID- 3375235
TI  - Sequences of 12 monoclonal anti-dinitrophenyl spin-label antibodies for NMR
      studies.
AB  - Eleven monoclonal antibodies specific for a spin-labeled dinitrophenyl hapten
      (DNP-SL) have been produced for use in NMR studies. They have been named AN01 and
      AN03-AN12. The stability constants for the association of these antibodies with
      DNP-SL and related haptens were measured by fluorescence quenching and ranged
      from 5.0 X 10(4) M-1 to greater than 1.0 X 10(8) M-1. cDNA clones coding for the
      heavy and light chains of each antibody and of an additional anti-DNP-SL
      monoclonal antibody, AN02, have been isolated. The nucleic acid sequence of the
      5' end of each clone has been determined, and the amino acid sequence of the
      variable regions of each antibody has been deduced from the cDNA sequence. The
      sequences are relatively heterogeneous, but both the heavy and the light chains
      of AN01 and AN03 are derived from the same variable-region gene families as those
      of the AN02 antibody. AN07 has a heavy chain that is related to that of AN02, and
      AN09 has a related light chain. AN05 and AN06 are unrelated to AN02 but share
      virtually identical heavy and light chains. Preliminary NMR difference spectra
      comparing related antibodies show that sequence-specific assignment of resonances
      is possible. Such spectra also provide a measure of structural relatedness.

PMID- 3375236
TI  - Estimating a treatment effect under biased sampling.
AB  - Methods are presented for the estimation of a treatment effect based on before-
      and after-treatment values, where for ethical reasons all and only those patients
      are treated whose before-treatment values exceed a given constant.

PMID- 3375237
TI  - Genetic characterization of a brain-specific form of the type I regulatory
      subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
AB  - An isoform (RI beta) of the regulatory type I subunit gene of cAMP-dependent
      protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) has been characterized in mouse. The open reading
      frame of the RI beta cDNA is 72% identical in nucleotide sequence with the
      previously cloned RI gene, now referred to as RI alpha. Both genes code for a
      protein of 380 amino acids and their proteins are 82% identical in amino acid
      sequence. Sequence similarity is highest in the regions that form the
      pseudosubstrate-binding site of the catalytic subunit and the two cAMP binding
      domains. The amino-terminal portion shows the greatest dissimilarity, suggesting
      that the isoforms may differ in their dimerization properties or interaction with
      other proteins. In contrast to RI alpha, which is constitutively expressed in all
      tissues, RI beta is expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. Brain and
      spinal cord contained significant levels of RI beta mRNA, testis RNA gave a
      detectable signal, and all other tissues tested were negative. Expression of a RI
      beta cDNA in NIH 3T3 cells resulted in the appearance of a RI subunit protein
      that migrated more slowly than RI alpha after NaDodSO4/PAGE. The native form of
      RI beta in brain could also be distinguished from RI alpha by its abnormal
      migration on NaDodSO4/PAGE. RI beta protein produced in 3T3 cells was shown to be
      functional by its ability to form a cAMP-dependent holoenzyme with the catalytic
      subunit.

PMID- 3375239
TI  - Nucleoside adducts are formed by cooperative reaction of acetaldehyde and
      alcohols: possible mechanism for the role of ethanol in carcinogenesis.
AB  - The exocyclic amino groups of ribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides react
      rapidly at ambient temperature with acetaldehyde and alcohols to yield mixed
      acetals [--NH--CH(CH3)OR]. Nucleotides and nucleoside di- and triphosphates also
      react. Depending on the nucleoside used and on the relative amounts of aldehyde,
      alcohol, and water, preparative reactions reach equilibrium with yields up to 75%
      in a few hours. The structures have been confirmed by fast atom bombardment MS
      and proton NMR. Half-lives at 37 degrees C have been determined, and maximum
      stability is in the pH range of 7.5-9.5. In the absence of alcohol, acetaldehyde
      nucleoside adducts could be isolated at 4 degrees C, but these were too unstable
      to characterize except for their UV spectra, also at 4 degrees C. Ethanol is
      often present in human blood and tissues, and acetaldehyde is its initial
      metabolic product, as well as being formed by many other metabolic processes.
      Both chemicals have separately been implicated in carcinogenic and other
      cytopathologic processes, but no cooperative mechanism has been proposed. The
      reactions reported here are of biological concern because they also occur in
      dilute aqueous solution. These findings supply a mechanism by which ethanol can
      be covalently bound to nucleic acids under physiological conditions.

PMID- 3375238
TI  - Selective expression of an erythroid-specific isoform of protein 4.1.
AB  - We have conducted comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences encoding erythroid
      and lymphoid protein 4.1 isoforms. The lymphoid protein 4.1 isoforms exhibit
      several nucleotide sequence motifs that appear to be either inserted into or
      deleted from the mRNA sequence by alternative splicing of a common mRNA
      precursor. One of these motifs, located within the spectrin-actin binding domain,
      is found only in erythroid cells and is specifically produced during erythroid
      cell maturation. The selective expression of the alternatively spliced mRNA
      during erythroid maturation implies the existence of a lineage-specific splicing
      mechanism whose activity is triggered by terminal maturation.

PMID- 3375240
TI  - Molecular basis of ornithine aminotransferase deficiency in B-6-responsive and 
      nonresponsive forms of gyrate atrophy.
AB  - Gyrate atrophy (GA), a recessive eye disease involving progressive loss of vision
      due to chorioretinal degeneration, is associated with a deficiency of the
      mitochondrial enzyme ornithine aminotransferase (OATase; ornithine-oxo-acid
      aminotransferase; L-ornithine:2-oxo-acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13) with
      consequent hyperornithinemia. Genetic heterogeneity of GA has been suggested by
      the demonstration that administration of pyridoxine to increase the level of
      pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor of OATase, reduces hyperornithinemia in a subset
      of patients. We have cloned and sequenced cDNAs for OATase from two GA patients,
      one responsive and one nonresponsive to pyridoxine treatment. The respective
      cDNAs contained different single missense mutations, which were sufficient to
      eliminate OATase activity when each cDNA was tested in a eukaryotic expression
      system. However, like the enzyme in fibroblasts from the pyridoxine-responsive
      patient, OATase encoded by the corresponding cDNA from this individual showed a
      significant increase in activity when assayed in the presence of an increased
      pyridoxal phosphate concentration. These data firmly establish that both
      pyridoxine responsive and nonresponsive forms of GA result from mutations in the
      OATase structural gene. Moreover, they provide a molecular characterization of
      the primary lesion in a pyridoxine-responsive genetic disorder.

PMID- 3375241
TI  - Magnesium ion-dependent triple-helix structure formed by homopurine
      homopyrimidine sequences in supercoiled plasmid DNA.
AB  - DNA can be chemically cleaved at the site of chloroacetaldehyde-modified residues
      by the chemicals used for Maxam-Gilbert sequencing reactions. Use of this
      technique facilitates fine structural analysis of unpaired DNA bases in DNA with
      non-B-DNA structure. This method was used to study the non-B-DNA structure
      adopted by the poly-(dG).poly(dC) sequence under torsional stress at various
      ionic conditions. In the presence of 2 mM Mg2+, the 5' half of the deoxycytosine
      tract is very reactive to chloroacetaldehyde, while the 3' half is virtually
      unreactive. In the poly(dG) tract, chloroacetaldehyde reaction is restricted to
      the center guanine residues. In the absence of Mg2+, however, it is the 5' half
      of the deoxyguanine tract that is reactive to chloroacetaldehyde, while the 3'
      half is unreactive. And chloroacetaldehyde reaction is restricted to the center
      cytosine residues in the poly(dC) stretch. These results strongly suggest that
      the poly(dG).poly(dC) sequence is folded into halves from the center of the
      sequence to form a tetra-stranded-like structure. Such a structure contains
      either a triplex consisting of poly(dG).poly(dG).poly(dC) strands in the presence
      of Mg2+ or a triplex consisting of poly(dC).poly(dG).poly(dC) strands in the
      absence of Mg2+. The fourth strand, not involved in triplex formation, is closely
      associated with the triplex and is positioned in such a way that DNA bases are
      exposed and freely accessible to the chloroacetaldehyde reaction.

PMID- 3375242
TI  - Electron microscopic study of crystals of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor
      IIIA-5S ribosomal RNA complex.
AB  - A novel method has been developed to grow crystals of the Xenopus laevis
      transcription factor IIIA-5S RNA complex directly on grids for examination by
      electron microscopy. Microcrystals were examined in negative stain and in thin
      sections to reveal a hexagonal lattice with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 87.1 +/-
      4.4 A and c = 143.8 +/- 12.7 A. Optical diffraction patterns from micrographs
      were obtained about the major crystal axes extending to about 40-A resolution. A
      packing scheme is proposed for which there are three or six transcription factor
      IIIA-5S RNA complexes in the unit cell related by 3(1) symmetry along the long
      cell axis. This would require that the 5S RNA molecules are arranged end-to-end,
      with the terminal loops of adjacent molecules overlapping.

PMID- 3375243
TI  - Inhibition of surface membrane maturation in schistosomula of Schistosoma
      mansoni.
AB  - The surface membrane of the multicellular parasite Schistosoma mansoni is
      radically reorganized during the transformation of cercariae into schistosomula.
      The current study investigates factors involved in maturation of the surface from
      a trilaminate to a multilaminate membrane. When maturation was induced in the
      presence of puromycin (900 microM), the acquisition of a multilaminate surface
      and stainability with fluorescein-conjugated Con A were similar to that of
      control parasites. Similarly, although organisms treated with monensin (0.1
      microM) for 3 hr showed large vacuoles in the perinuclear cytoplasm of the
      subtegumental cells, the surface membrane became multilaminate. In contrast,
      microtubule-active drugs interfered with maturation: the surface remained largely
      trilaminate and the percentage of organisms binding Con A to their surface was
      significantly reduced. Furthermore, large accumulations of multilaminate bodies
      were found in the subtegumental cells of colchicine-treated parasites, whereas
      few were seen in the controls. Colchicine-treated schistosomula failed to mature
      to adult worms upon injection into mice and, like cercariae, they were water
      tolerant. We therefore conclude that the components that constitute the
      schistosomula surface preexist in cercariae and suggest that they are stored in
      multilaminate bodies before being transported to the surface with the help of
      microtubules. The acquisition of the multilaminate membrane may be essential for
      survival of the parasites in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 3375244
TI  - Regulated expression of genes inserted at the human chromosomal beta-globin locus
      by homologous recombination.
AB  - We have examined the effect of the site of integration on the expression of
      cloned genes introduced into cultured erythroid cells. Smithies et al. [Smithies,
      O., Gregg, R.G., Boggs, S.S., Koralewski, M.A. & Kucherlapati, R.S. (1985) Nature
      (London) 317, 230-234] reported the targeted integration of DNA into the human
      beta-globin locus on chromosome 11 in a mouse erythroleukemia-human cell hybrid.
      These hybrid cells can undergo erythroid differentiation leading to greatly
      increased mouse and human beta-globin synthesis. By transfection of these hybrid
      cells with a plasmid carrying a modified human beta-globin gene and a foreign
      gene composed of the coding sequence of the bacterial neomycin-resistance gene
      linked to simian virus 40 transcription signals (SVneo), cells were obtained in
      which the two genes are integrated at the beta-globin locus on human chromosome
      11 or at random sites. When we examined the response of the integrated genes to
      cell differentiation, we found that the genes inserted at the beta-globin locus
      were induced during differentiation, whereas randomly positioned copies were not
      induced. Even the foreign SVneo gene was inducible when it had been integrated at
      the beta-globin locus. The results show that genes introduced at the beta-globin
      locus acquire some of the regulatory properties of globin genes during erythroid
      differentiation.

PMID- 3375245
TI  - Developmental control of the excitability of muscle: transplantation experiments
      on a myotonic mouse mutant.
AB  - Developmental aspects of an animal model of myotonia, the mouse mutant called
      "arrested development of righting response" (ADR phenotype), were studied. Adult
      ADR muscle is characterized by a low chloride conductance of the membrane,
      leading to hyperexcitability, and by a low parvalbumin content. The myotonic
      hyperexcitability (as measured by the extent of "aftercontractions") of ADR
      muscle increased steeply between postnatal days 9 and 18, by which time it had
      approached the adult level. To study the tissue autonomy of the myotonic
      phenotype, muscle grafts were performed in all four combinations between ADR and
      wildtype (WT phenotype) donors and hosts. In most experiments, the relative
      contributions of donor and host to the regenerated muscles were determined by an
      allelic marker (glucose phosphate isomerase). In WT and ADR hosts, ADR grafts
      showed myotonic responses that in WT nude mouse hosts were incomplete and similar
      to those of juvenile ADR muscle. In no case did grafts from WT donors show any
      myotonia. This shows that the myotonic ADR phenotype is based on an intrinsic
      muscle property most likely related to the plasma membrane. The parvalbumin
      contents of grafted muscles, when compared with those of untransplanted muscles,
      indicated graft-host interaction in the expression of this secondary phenotypic
      property.

PMID- 3375246
TI  - Evolutionary and developmental aspects of two hemoglobin beta-chain genes
      (epsilon M and beta M) of opossum.
AB  - A series of gene duplications that began in a stem species of Mammalia and led to
      five developmentally regulated hemoglobin beta-chain loci (epsilon, gamma, eta,
      delta, and beta) in a common ancestor of eutherian orders Artiodactyla, Rodentia,
      Lagomorpha, and Primates had important consequences in mammalian evolution.
      Findings reported here indicate that two progenitors of the five linked genes
      existed by the time of the eutherian (placental mammal)-metatherian (marsupial
      mammal) split and that these two genes were already differentiated with respect
      to their promoter regions and developmental expression. Southern blot and
      sequence analyses of the hemoglobin beta-chain genes of the opossum (Didelphis
      virginiana) revealed only two genes, one with coding and promoter sequences
      similar to eutherian prenatally expressed epsilon, gamma, and eta genes and the
      other coding for adult opossum hemoglobin beta-chains and having eutherian adult
      beta-type promoters. The most parsimonious arrangement of greater than 80 beta
      globin exon sequences depicts the opossum embryonic-type gene as orthologously
      related to eutherian epsilon, gamma, and eta genes and the opossum adult-type
      gene as orthologously related to delta and beta genes. These data further
      indicate that after the initial beta duplication in the stem of Mammalia, the
      locus that became developmentally delayed in its expression evolved at a faster
      rate than the locus that became embryonically expressed.

PMID- 3375247
TI  - Exposure of salivary gland cells to low-frequency electromagnetic fields alters
      polypeptide synthesis.
AB  - This study demonstrates that exposure of cells to extremely low-frequency
      electromagnetic fields can cause measurable changes in protein synthesis. Sciara
      coprophila salivary gland cells were exposed to five low-frequency (1.5-72 Hz)
      electromagnetic signals: three signals (1.5, 15, and 72 Hz) produced pulsed
      asymmetric electromagnetic fields and two signals (60 and 72 Hz) were sinusoidal.
      Subsequent analyses of two-dimensional gels showed that cell exposure to either
      type of low-frequency electromagnetic field resulted in both qualitative and
      quantitative changes in patterns of protein synthesis. Thus, signals producing
      diverse waveform characteristics induced previously undetectable polypeptides,
      some of which were signal specific and augmented or suppressed other polypeptides
      as compared with nonexposed cells. The pattern of polypeptide synthesis differed
      from that seen with heat shock: only five polypeptides in cells exposed to
      electromagnetic signals overlap those polypeptides exposed to heat shock, and the
      suppression of protein synthesis characteristic of heat shock does not occur.

PMID- 3375248
TI  - Nuclear fusion-defective phenocopies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: mating-type
      functions for meiosis can act through the cytoplasm.
AB  - Nuclear fusion in newly formed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii zygotes can be inhibited
      by drugs that affect microtubule stability, which include colchicine,
      amiprophosmethyl, oryzalin, and taxol. This inhibition can be monitored
      genetically by the production of haploid meiotic products from conjugations
      between haploid and diploid parents. Such zygotes would normally produce
      aneuploid progeny. Inhibition of nuclear fusion by colchicine requires treatment
      of gametic cells both before conjugation and after formation of the zygotes.
      These results suggest that nuclear fusion requires dynamic microtubules. Treated
      zygotes formed from a haploid-diploid mating can produce six spores, but only
      four spores germinate to form viable haploid colonies. No contribution from the
      nuclear genome of the haploid parent is recovered, whereas all loci from the
      diploid parent are recovered. The four viable products from the diploid parent of
      inhibited zygotes show normal segregation of loci located on linkage groups
      segregating according to Mendelian laws. Levels of meiotic recombination were
      tested for pairs of loci on linkage groups XVIII and XIX and found to be
      unchanged by inhibition of nuclear fusion. Thus, similar to Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae, C. reinhardtii mating-type functions necessary for nuclear fusion are
      not nuclear limited and can act through the cytoplasm. Inhibition of nuclear
      fusion can be used to analyze diploid Chlamydomonas that cannot enter meiosis.
      This technique permits direct analysis of dominant mutations, dominant
      suppressors and enhancers, and new alleles of identified loci that have been
      isolated in diploid strains.

PMID- 3375249
TI  - Splice junction mutation in some Ashkenazi Jews with Tay-Sachs disease: evidence
      against a single defect within this ethnic group.
AB  - Tay-Sachs disease is an inherited disorder in which the alpha chain of the
      lysosomal enzyme beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A bears the mutation. Ashkenazi Jews
      are found to be carriers for a severe type of Tay-Sachs disease, the classic
      form, 10 times more frequently than the general population. Ashkenazi Jewish
      patients with classic Tay-Sachs disease have appeared to be clinically and
      biochemically identical, and the usual assumption has been that they harbor the
      same alpha-chain mutation. In this study I have isolated the alpha-chain gene
      from an Ashkenazi Jewish patient, GM2968, with classic Tay-Sachs disease and
      compared its nucleotide sequences with that of the normal alpha-chain gene in the
      promoter region, exon and splice junction regions, and polyadenylylation signal
      area. Only one difference was observed between these sequences: at the 5'
      boundary of intron 12, a guanosine in the conserved splice junction dinucleotide
      sequence G-T had been altered to a cytidine. The alteration is presumed to be
      functionally significant and to result in aberrant mRNA splicing. Utilizing the
      polymerase chain reaction to amplify the region encompassing the mutation, I
      developed an assay to screen patients and heterozygote carriers for this
      mutation. Surprisingly, in each of two Ashkenazi patients, only one alpha-chain
      allele harbored the splice junction mutation. Only one parent of each of these
      patients was positive for the defect. Another Ashkenazi patient did not bear this
      mutation at all nor did either of the subject's parents. In addition, 30% of
      obligate heterozygotes tested carried the splice junction mutation, whereas 20
      Ashkenazi Jews designated noncarriers by enzymatic assay were negative for this
      alteration. The data are consistent with the presence of more than one mutation
      underlying the classic form of Tay-Sachs disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish
      population.

PMID- 3375251
TI  - Central nervous system radiation syndrome in mice from preferential 10B(n,
      alpha)7Li irradiation of brain vasculature.
AB  - Ionizing radiations were directed at the heads of anesthetized mice in doses that
      evoked the acute central nervous system (CNS) radiation syndrome. Irradiations
      were done using either a predominantly thermal neutron field at a nuclear reactor
      after intraperitoneal injection of 10B-enriched boric acid or 250-kilovolt-peak x
      rays with and without previous intraperitoneal injection of equivalent unenriched
      boric acid. Since 10B concentrations were approximately equal to 3-fold higher in
      blood than in cerebral parenchyma during the reactor irradiations, more radiation
      from alpha and 7Li particles was absorbed by brain endothelial cells than by
      brain parenchymal cells. Comparison of the LD50 dose for CNS radiation lethality
      from the reactor experiments with the LD50 dose from the x-ray experiments gives
      results compatible with morphologic evidence that endothelial cell damage is a
      major determinant of acute lethality from the CNS radiation syndrome. It was also
      observed that boric acid is a low linear energy transfer radiation-enhancement
      agent in vivo.

PMID- 3375250
TI  - Nature of polymorphism in HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules.
AB  - Diversity in 39 HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules is derived from 20 amino acid
      positions of high variability and 71 positions of low variability. Variation in
      the structurally homologous alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is distinct and may
      correlate with partial segregation of peptide and T-cell receptor binding
      functions. Comparison of 15 HLA-A with 20 HLA-B molecules reveals considerable
      locus-specific character, due primarily to differences at polymorphic residues.
      The results indicate that genetic exchange between alleles of the same locus has
      been a more important mechanism in the generation of HLA-A, -B, and -C diversity
      than genetic exchange events between alleles of different loci.

PMID- 3375252
TI  - Specific and stable labeling of antibodies with technetium-99m with a diamide
      dithiolate chelating agent.
AB  - Technetium-99m labeling of antibodies has been suboptimal because of low affinity
      adventitious binding, nonspecific labeling, and loss of immunoreactivity. The
      diamide dithiolate ligand system (N2S2) forms highly stable, well-defined
      tetradentate complexes with Tc(V). Antibodies and their fragments have been
      labeled by conjugation of preformed 99mTc-4,5-bis(thioacetamido)pentanoate active
      ester to protein amine groups to give a chemically known 99mTc-N2S2 complex
      covalently linked to antibody. Evaluations of the 99mTc-N2S2-bound antibodies and
      their fragments have shown high stability and retained immunoreactivity.

PMID- 3375253
TI  - Inhibition of methyltransferase reduces the turnover of acetylcholine receptors.
AB  - Because of the putative rule of phospholipid methyltransferase reactions in many
      important membrane and receptor translocation processes, we studied the effect of
      methyltransferase inhibitors on acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) turnover in
      cultured rat skeletal muscle. Inhibition of methyltransferase significantly
      reduced the normal rate of degradation of AcChoRs, a process that involves
      endocytosis. Further, under conditions that greatly accelerate the rate of
      degradation of AcChoRs--i.e., by addition of anti-AcChoR antibody-
      methyltransferase inhibitors again significantly reduced receptor turnover.
      AcChoR synthesis was unaffected. Thus, the net effect of this treatment was
      slowing of the antibody-induced loss of surface AcChoRs. That this drug effect
      was mediated specifically by inhibition of methylation reactions was suggested by
      certain additional pharmacologic features: partial reversibility of the effect by
      methionine, enhancement by homocysteine, and correspondence with marked
      inhibition of phospholipid methylation. The substrate specificity of the
      methyltransferase inhibitors capable of reducing AcChoR degradation suggests that
      phospholipid methylation reactions may be most relevant. Methyltransferase
      inhibitor drugs may provide a therapeutic strategy in receptor disorders such as
      myasthenia gravis, in which accelerated receptor endocytosis plays a major role.

PMID- 3375254
TI  - Molecular decoys: ligand-binding recombinant proteins protect mice from
      curarimimetic neurotoxins.
AB  - Mimic ligand-binding sites of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor bind d
      tubocurarine and alpha-bungarotoxin in vitro. Injection of such binding sites
      into mice could act as molecular decoys in vivo, providing protection against
      toxic ligands. This hypothesis of molecular "decoyance" has been tested in
      greater than 250 mice. Bacterially produced cholinergic binding sites provided a
      2-fold increase in the survival rate of animals challenged with curarimimetic
      neurotoxins. Possible considerations for decoy designs and their applications are
      discussed.

PMID- 3375256
TI  - Trace element status of the human diet.

PMID- 3375255
TI  - Release of vasopressin from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by
      angiotensin-(1-7) heptapeptide.
AB  - We have recently shown that hydrolysis of labeled angiotensin I in canine
      brainstem homogenate causes a rapid accumulation of the heptapeptide angiotensin
      (1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. Although this angiotensin fragment has no vasopressor
      activity, its consistent generation in brain homogenate led us to study its
      potential neurosecretory effects in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system
      (HNS) in vitro. Ang-(1-7) or angiotensin II (Ang II) was added to HNS perifusate
      in concentrations of 0.04, 0.4, and 4 microM, and release of arginine vasopressin
      (AVP) during each treatment was quantified as a percentage of the AVP release
      detected in the preceding collection period. Base-line release of AVP averaged
      281 +/- 47 pg per 15 min (mean +/- SEM) in HNS explants (five experiments, five
      explants per chamber) perifused in Krebs solution at 37 degrees C, after a 1-hr
      equilibration period. At 0.04 microM, Ang II or Ang-(1-7) did not stimulate AVP
      release. Ang II increased AVP release over the control value by 172% +/- 44% and
      268% +/- 66% at 0.4 and 4 microM, respectively; the same concentrations of Ang-(1
      7) increased AVP release by 134% +/- 12% and 216% +/- 45%. The responses to Ang
      II and Ang-(1-7) at the highest concentration were both significant (P less than
      0.05), and comparison by two-way analysis of variance indicated that Ang II and
      Ang-(1-7) were equipotent in stimulating AVP release over the range of
      concentrations studied. In the presence of the competitive Ang II antagonist
      [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II (20 microM), the release of AVP increased approximately equal
      to 2-fold. Neither Ang II nor Ang-(1-7) (4 microM) caused a further enhancement
      of AVP release in the presence of [Sar1,Thr8]Ang II. These data suggest that a
      hydrophobic residue in position 8 of the angiotensin peptide is not essential for
      activation of angiotensin receptors in the rat HNS. Moreover, the equipotence of
      Ang II and Ang-(1-7) indicates that Ang-(1-7) may participate in the control of
      AVP release.

PMID- 3375257
TI  - Trace element availability from the human diet.

PMID- 3375258
TI  - Should the national diet be altered to prevent coronary disease?

PMID- 3375259
TI  - Assessing the trace element status of man.

PMID- 3375260
TI  - Trace element needs in human pregnancy.

PMID- 3375261
TI  - Selenophilia.

PMID- 3375262
TI  - Twelfth Boyd Orr memorial lecture. Nutrient requirements and population data.

PMID- 3375263
TI  - Maternal tissue repartitioning in pregnant primiparous swine in response to
      restriction of calories or feed.
AB  - Crossbred (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire) primiparous gilts
      were fed daily a corn-soybean meal-based gestation diet at 1.8 kg (C) or 0.6 kg
      (R) (6000 or 2000 kcal calculated digestible energy, DE) or a high-protein diet
      (RCal) at 0.6 kg (2000 kcal calculated DE) from day of mating to slaughter at 100
      to 106 days of gestation. The RCal diet contained three times the concentrations
      of protein and of mineral and vitamin supplement present in the C diet. Body
      weight and ultrasonically estimated backfat depth were recorded at 0, 4, 8, and
      12 weeks postcoitum. The results showed differential effects of form of diet
      restriction (R vs RCal) on body weight, backfat depth, relative and absolute
      uterine weight, and on relative kidney, stomach, and trimmed wholesale cut
      weights of the dam. Maternal and fetal plasma glucose and urea-N concentrations
      were higher in RCal than in R groups. Total uterus plus gastrointestinal tract
      relative weight, with or without fetuses, was lower in RCal than in R and C
      gilts. The ratio of uterus (with or without fetuses) weight to gastrointestinal
      tract weight was greater in R than in C or RCal gilts. The data are interpreted
      to indicate that restriction of carbohydrate-fat calories only compared with
      restriction of a standard diet throughout gestation in swine had a negative
      effect on uterine growth associated with repartitioning of nutrients to visceral
      organ and lean tissue growth at the expense of maternal uterine tissue and body
      fat conservation.

PMID- 3375264
TI  - The effect of diphenylhydantoin and cortisol on the cell cycle.
AB  - Normal human lymphocytes cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin were
      blocked in G0G1 when diphenylhydantoin (DPH) or cortisol 3.6 X 10(-4) M was added
      at the beginning of culture. The suppression of culture growth was analyzed by
      flow cytometry and confirmed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and mitotic rate
      analysis. The correlation of these measurements with flow cytometry was good for
      DNA synthesis and excellent for mitosis. There was an additive effect on the G0G1
      retention of cells when both drugs were present in the culture. These data may
      partially explain the suppression of cell-mediated immunity which occurs in DPH
      treated patients.

PMID- 3375265
TI  - Effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on the uptake of and immune
      response to other inhaled antigens.
AB  - Groups of BALB/c mice were sham infected or inoculated intranasally (IN) with
      live RSV. From Day 4 to 8 after infection, the animals were exposed IN to
      ovalbumin (OVA) with or without alum adjuvant. At different intervals, levels of
      OVA concentration in serum, IgG-anti-OVA antibody activity in serum, and IgA-anti
      OVA antibody activity in bronchial washings were determined, employing the ELISA
      technique. IgE-anti-OVA antibody titers in serum and bronchial washings were
      assessed by PCA. OVA concentrations in serum were significantly higher in RSV
      infected animals compared to uninfected controls. The use of alum adjuvant also
      increased OVA uptake in uninfected animals but to a lesser extent than RSV
      infection. RSV-infected animals developed significantly higher OVA-specific
      antibody titers of IgG isotype in serum and IgA isotype in bronchial washings
      than the uninfected controls, while alum enhanced the immune response less
      markedly but still significantly in uninfected mice. An IgE antibody response to
      OVA in serum was demonstrable in 50% of RSV-infected mice immunized IN with OVA
      and alum, while all uninfected animals and RSV-infected animals immunized with
      OVA alone (without adjuvant) failed to develop a detectable IgE response. These
      findings suggest that infections with viral agents such as RSV may function as
      adjuvants for other antigens inhaled during acute respiratory infection. These
      observations may explain the alterations in the immune response to other antigens
      in patients with acute viral-induced bronchopulmonary diseases.

PMID- 3375266
TI  - The mechanisms of intestinal absorption of the carcinogen MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro
      N-nitrosoguanidine).
AB  - We studied the characteristics and mechanisms of MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N
      nitrosoguanidine) intestinal absorption and the interaction between bile acids
      and fatty acids and MNNG absorption rate in vivo in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We
      perfused a segment of the proximal small bowel with a physiological solution
      containing MNNG to assess its basic kinetics and the influence of some
      physiological and dietary factors on carcinogen absorption. We found that MNNG
      was absorbed by simple passive diffusion. Transport of MNNG was the highest at pH
      6.0. The addition of the bile salt, taurocholate by itself, greatly increased
      MNNG absorption, while the addition of the long-chain unsaturated fatty acids,
      oleic and linoleic, decreased the rate of absorption of MNNG. The phospholipid
      lecithin addition to the perfusate did not change the rate of MNNG absorption.
      Induction of dietary vitamin A deficiency (serum vitamin A level decreased from
      40.9 to 13.7 micrograms/dl) did not change the absorption rate of MNNG. These
      studies demonstrate that bile acids, dietary fatty acids, and the pH of the
      intestinal content can modify the rate of absorption of this carcinogen by the
      small intestine. Since initial intestinal absorption determines serum levels and
      subsequent reabsorption and enterohepatic cycling determines long-term lumenal
      levels, serum levels, and total body content, factors which modify the rate of
      intestinal absorption of MNNG could also modify its carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3375267
TI  - Pulmonary vascular efflux of norepinephrine in Dahl rats susceptible or resistant
      to salt-induced hypertension.
AB  - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the accumulation of
      norepinephrine by the pulmonary circulation is altered in the Dahl model of
      genetic hypertension. Pulmonary norepinephrine accumulation was evaluated by
      performing a compartmental analysis of the efflux of L-[3H]norepinephrine from
      perfused lungs after inhibition of the norepinephrine-metabolizing enzymes. The
      lungs were isolated from Dahl salt-hypertension-susceptible (S) and salt
      hypertension-resistant (R) rats that had been on a high sodium diet for 3 weeks.
      In both S and R rats, norepinephrine was accumulated into a single compartment
      with an efflux half-time of approximately 23 min, in addition to its distribution
      in the extracellular space. The size of the extracellular space was significantly
      increased in the S rats, but there was no difference in the size of the
      compartment of L-[3H]norepinephrine efflux between S (6.4 +/- 1.2 ml/g) and R
      (3.7 +/- 0.7 ml/g) rats. These data indicate that impaired accumulation and
      efflux of norepinephrine by the lungs does not contribute to the pathogenesis of
      hypertension in Dahl S rats.

PMID- 3375268
TI  - Some pungent principles of spices cause the adrenal medulla to secrete
      catecholamine in anesthetized rats.
AB  - We recently reported that capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper,
      evokes catecholamine secretion from the rat adrenal medulla. In this study, the
      effects of some pungent principles of spices on adrenal catecholamine secretion
      were investigated as compared with that of capsaicin. An increase in
      catecholamine, especially epinephrine, secretion was observed not only on
      capsaicin infusion but also on piperine (a pungent principle of pepper) and
      zingerone (ginger) infusion. Even on infusion of the same amount (650 nmol/kg,
      i.v.), the order of potency as to catecholamine secretion was capsaicin much
      greater than piperine greater than or equal to zingerone. While, sulfur
      containing and volatile pungent principles, allylisothiocyanate (mustard, etc.)
      and diallyldisulfide (garlic, etc.), did not even cause slight catecholamine
      secretion. Furthermore, these adrenergic secretagogues were readily transported
      via the gut into the body. These results indicate that some pungent principles of
      dietary spices can induce a warming action via adrenal catecholamine secretion.

PMID- 3375269
TI  - Stoma care: choosing the right appliance.

PMID- 3375270
TI  - Diabetes: is self-help the answer?

PMID- 3375271
TI  - Cardiac pacing: a new technique.

PMID- 3375272
TI  - AIDS/HIV: how do you react?

PMID- 3375273
TI  - The ethics of brain death.

PMID- 3375274
TI  - Not another diet?

PMID- 3375275
TI  - Wound management: are you getting it right?

PMID- 3375276
TI  - Setting standards for pain control.

PMID- 3375277
TI  - Visiting: should you be more involved?

PMID- 3375278
TI  - Hormones, cell biology, and cancer. Perspectives and potentials. Proceedings of a
      satellite symposium of the 1986 American Society for Cell Biology meeting.
      Washington, DC, December 7, 1986.

PMID- 3375279
TI  - Validation of the exchange assay for the measurement of androgen receptors in
      human and dog prostates.
AB  - This study describes an exchange assay for measurement of cytosolic and nuclear
      androgen receptors (AR) in human and dog prostates. Efficient replacement of
      endogenously bound ligand from the receptor with [3H] mibolerone was achieved by
      incubation of cytosolic or nuclear fractions at 0 degree C for 72 h in the
      presence of 0.15M NaSCN and 15% sucrose. It was demonstrated that in the presence
      of the chaotropic salt rapid steroid dissociation took place at 0 degree C
      followed by [3H] mibolerone binding; sucrose protected the AR from denaturation
      by NaSCN. Combination of these two reagents, therefore, allowed quantitative
      androgen exchange at 0 degrees C. Receptors determined by this exchange procedure
      are specific for androgens, of high affinity (KD 2-5 nM), and sedimented on
      sucrose gradients as 4-4.6S entities. Use of [3H] mibolerone minimized
      interference from plasma proteins and reduced nonspecific binding. This exchange
      assay has now been applied to quantitation of cytosolic and nuclear AR in small
      tissue samples (50 mg). Thus it is possible to measure AR in tissue samples
      obtained by needle biopsies and attempt to correlate receptor values to clinical
      response of prostatic cancer patients.

PMID- 3375280
TI  - Progestin effects on lactate dehydrogenase and growth in the human breast cancer
      cell line T47D.

PMID- 3375281
TI  - Cellular endocrinology and cancer.

PMID- 3375282
TI  - Hormone associated therapy of leukemia: reflections.

PMID- 3375283
TI  - [Colloid association and the biological behavior of local anesthetics. 1.
      Tensiometric study of critical micelle concentration].

PMID- 3375284
TI  - [Colloid association and the biological behavior of local anesthetics. 2. Study
      of fluid media and micelle weight].

PMID- 3375285
TI  - Prostaglandin levels in infertile patients affected by asthenozoospermia and
      prostatitis.
AB  - 19-hydroxy-prostaglandins and prostaglandins of the E series (19-OH PGEs) were
      estimated in the seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients (n = 15) and
      individuals affected by prostatitis (n = 10) and compared to controls (n = 13)
      and secretory azoospermic patients (n = 8). All of them were free from infections
      (except individuals affected by prostatitis), biochemical and ultrastructural
      problems. The results indicate that endogenous prostaglandin levels (19-OH PGEs
      and PGEs) bear no correlation either to motility or absence of spermatozoa.
      Significant increases of PGEs were observed in patients affected with
      prostatitis. Surprisingly PGE levels showed no correlation with the levels of 19
      OH PGEs.

PMID- 3375286
TI  - Renal prostaglandins in postobstructive diuresis. Comparative study of unilateral
      and bilateral obstruction in conscious dogs.
AB  - An experimental model in conscious dogs was developed to investigate the role of
      prostaglandins (PG) in the obstructed kidney. Renal veins were separately
      catheterized. Urine flow was shunted to the skin by surgically implanted
      polyurethane loop ureterostomy so as to allow atraumatic manipulation with
      maintained continuous flow to the bladder between experiments. One week or more
      after surgery, renal function parameters as well as renal vein and urinary PGE2
      and PGF2 alpha, and renal vein renin were studied during and after unilateral
      (UUO) and bilateral (BUO) ureteral obstruction. The release of ureteral
      obstruction produced a constant and marked elevation in urinary PGE2 and PGF2
      alpha, two times higher after BUO than after UUO. A close correlation exists
      between PGE2 and sodium excretion in UUO and BUO. Increasing polyuria was
      observed only after chronic BUO. In BUO, renal vein renin concentration was
      augmented after 2 hours but was suppressed after 24 hours of BUO. Renal vein PG
      concentration was also elevated after chronic UUO and BUO but was in the normal
      range immediately prior to release of obstruction. The data obtained with the
      current experimental dog model indicate that the release of ureteral obstruction
      induces a striking increase in renal PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production which may
      mediate at least partly the phenomenon of postobstructive diuresis.

PMID- 3375287
TI  - Platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 release in primary biliary cirrhosis and
      effect of D-penicillamine treatment.
AB  - Platelet function was assessed in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
      (PBC), of whom 10 were receiving D-penicillamine. Patients not on D-penicillamine
      treatment had platelet aggregation similar to that in the healthy control group;
      the group treated with D-penicillamine showed significantly enhanced platelet
      aggregation in response to threshold doses of adrenaline and collagen but not
      ADP. Median thromboxane B2 production was also higher in D-penicillamine treated
      patients than in controls or untreated patients; this difference did not reach
      statistical significance. The addition of D-penicillamine in vitro to platelet
      rich plasma from normal subjects was shown to enhance adrenaline- and collagen
      induced platelet aggregation. Abnormalities of platelet function in PBC patients
      did not correlate with serum cholesterol concentration or with liver function
      tests but were related to the stage of disease. The present study emphasises the
      need to consider the aetiology, disease stage and type of treatment when
      assessing platelet function and prostanoid release in liver disease.

PMID- 3375288
TI  - A critical approach to the study of new agents for the prevention of arterial
      thrombosis: a comment.

PMID- 3375289
TI  - Effect of frusemide on urinary kallikrein excretion in the conscious rat:
      influence of adrenalectomy and DOCA treatment.
AB  - The effect of subcutaneous frusemide administration on urinary kallikrein
      excretion was studied in the conscious state, in control, adrenalectomized and
      DOCA-treated adrenalectomized rats. Frusemide increased urinary kallikrein
      excretion in the three groups of rats. Urine volume and urinary sodium and
      potassium excretions were also increased. These responses were however suppressed
      by adrenalectomy but normalized by DOCA treatment. It is concluded that
      frusemide's stimulation of urinary kallikrein excretion in the conscious rat is
      modulated by mineralocorticoid activity.

PMID- 3375290
TI  - Contractile performance of papillary muscles of renovascular hypertensive and
      isoproterenol-pretreated rats.
AB  - Previous studies suggested that left ventricle papillary muscles from neurogenic
      hypertensive rats with 15 days of sino-aortic denervation (SAD) develop intense
      depression of their inotropic state. Considering that these animals have an
      increased cardiac sympathetic tonus that could produce the observed depression of
      the contractile response we did the present study simulating a cardiac
      sympathetic hyperactivity pretreating rats, during 15 days, with isoproterenol
      (IPA, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p., divided in 3 daily doses). Because SAD rats also develop
      hypertension, the effect of blood pressure overload was studied in rats with 15
      days of renovascular hypertension (RHR), Goldblatt 1K1C, to compare, separated,
      the effects of sympathetic hyperactivity and hemodynamic overload. Results showed
      that RHR had muscles that developed larger force than their controls (C: 7.31 +/-
      0.34 g/mm2, RHR: 12.8 +/- 0.40 g/mm2), meanwhile IPA pretreated rats had muscles
      developing less force than their respective controls (C: 13.8 +/- 0.37 g/mm2,
      IPA: 8.61 +/- 0.24 g/mm2). These results are according to the proposition that
      the contractile state depression is related to the sympathetic hyperactivity, as
      suggested by the IPA pre-treated group and because the animals with isolated
      pressure overload showed a better contractile performance when compared to their
      uninephrectomized controls.

PMID- 3375292
TI  - [An improved synthesis of pentagastrin (Acignost)].
AB  - The large-scale synthesis of the pentapeptide Boc-beta-Ala Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 is
      described and a convenient procedure for purification of the crude peptide will
      be reported.

PMID- 3375291
TI  - Polypeptide fraction from bovine factor VIII does not influence human platelet
      aggregation and blood coagulation.
AB  - It is well known that high molecular weight bovine factor VIII is able to
      aggregate human platelets and possesses procoagulant activities. There is also
      growing body of evidence that the hydrolysis of bovine factor VIII abolishes its
      aggregating and coagulative properties. We have shown in this paper that a
      polypeptide fraction (molecular weight 1000-25000 daltons) from bovine factor
      VIII does not aggregate platelets nor affect blood coagulation. In this study we
      investigate the action of the polypeptide fraction derived from bovine factor
      VIII and suggest that its effect may occur only at endothelium level without an
      involvement of platelets as well as blood coagulation.

PMID- 3375293
TI  - The comparative stability of different types of penicillin and cephalosporin N
      pyrryl derivatives.
AB  - The kinetics of the decomposition of potassium salts of 4-thia-1
      azabicyclo[3.2.0.]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6-amino-7-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl] -2
      carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,3-dimethyl-6
      amino-7-oxo-N-[2-phenyl - 2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5
      thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2(1H
      pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-ca rbo xylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct
      2-ene-3- [(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-amino-8-oxo-N-[2-phenyl-2(1H-pyrrolyl)acetyl ]- 2
      carboxylic acid (6R, trans), 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3
      methyl-8-oxo-N- [2(1H-pyrrolyl)-acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans) and 5-thia
      1-azabicyclo[4.2.0.]oct-2-ene-7-amino-3-methyl-8-oxo- N-[2-phenyl-2(1H
      pyrrolyl)acetyl]-2-carboxylic acid (6R, trans), in aqueous solution at 37 degrees
      C and at ionic strength of 0.5 mol.l-1 have been studied over the 2.3-11.5 pH
      range. In all cases, the hydrolysis of these compounds is subject to acid-base
      catalysis and, in some instances, to a general catalysis by various species
      present in the buffer solutions. The experimental results have been analyzed and
      discussed in relation to the hydrolytic mechanisms.

PMID- 3375294
TI  - [Evidence of mineral impurities in talc].
AB  - Polarizing microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis
      can be used to detect small amounts of minerals which may occur in talcs as
      impurities. The characteristic features of chlorite, asbestos, magnesite, quartz
      and other minerals recognizable through these methods are described.

PMID- 3375295
TI  - [The stability of bromhexine and the structure of its degradation products].
AB  - Refluxed acid or neutral aqueous solutions of Bromhexine (1) show four
      degradation products. 1 is decomposed at room temperature (20 degrees C; 1 year)
      less than 1%. Degradation products of crystalline 1 are not detectable in the
      temperature-moisture-test. Under normal storage conditions a 5-year stability for
      aqueous solutions and a more than 10-year stability for crystalline 1 are
      estimated. Very small amounts of three degradation products were isolated by TLC.
      According to MS-, UV- and IR-analysis their structures are 3-cyclohexyl-6,8
      dibromo-chinazoline-4-one (2a), 3-cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-chinazoline (2b) and 3
      amino-4,6-dibromo-benzaldehyde (3). The structure of N-Methylcyclohexylamine is
      supposed for a further product. Ms fragmentation and degradation mechanisms are
      discussed.

PMID- 3375296
TI  - An analytical study of eight medicinal 2-imidazolines by 1H and 13C nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - Proton and carbon-13 NMR spectra of eight 2-substituted imidazolines of
      pharmaceutical interest are presented as solutes in DMSO-d6 together with certain
      protonation effects. The acidity of the linking methylene group and hydrogen
      bonding phenomena of the compounds have been also investigated. The data are
      analysed in terms of analytical utility and the detection of electronic
      perturbation around specific hydrogen and carbon atoms.

PMID- 3375297
TI  - Structure-release relationships of physically based polymer-biocide combinations.
      Part 3: Effect of the environment on the release of 3(5)-methylpyrazole from
      monolithic matrix systems.
AB  - The release behaviour of the antimicrobially active 3(5)-methylpyrazole from
      matrix systems prepared from maleic anhydride copolymers as well as from
      copolymers of maleic esters and maleic amides was studied. Under alkaline
      conditions erosion is the predominant release mechanism compared to the release
      of the agent by diffusion into neutral or acid media. The presence of potassium
      and calcium salts influences the release rate under aquatic conditions in a
      different way. The diffusion rate of the active ingredient through membranes of
      maleic anhydride copolymers also depends on interactions with the surrounding
      media as well as on the hydrophilicity of the matrix.

PMID- 3375298
TI  - Degradation products of irradiated haloperidol: implications for the development
      of an implantible delivery system.
AB  - Haloperidol was chosen as a model compound to determine whether the degradation
      products created by sterilizing dose of gamma radiation would contaminate an
      implantible delivery device and be hazardous to the health of the person using
      it. Acrolein, chlorobenzene, and several other products were identified among the
      degradation products. They were quantitated and evaluated as being potentially
      dangerous. It is recommended that the development protocol for a radiation
      sterilized, implantible drug include the identification and evaluation of the
      degradation products.

PMID- 3375299
TI  - [The quantitative identification of metabolites of dihydralazine in the human].
AB  - The metabolism of dihydralazine sulfate was studied in 11 hypertonic patients
      treated with that drug chronically. The metabolites were identified in urine with
      gc, dc, and hplc by comparison with synthesized reference compounds. Following
      metabolites could be verified: acetylated products, oxidation products,
      hydrazones and products of decomposition. Products resulting from reaction with
      nitrites could be not detected.

PMID- 3375300
TI  - Cardiovascular activity of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. Part
      10(3): Dialkylamino-, pyrrolidyl- and morpholyl-alkyl-derivatives of 3-amino
      1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, 7- or 5,7-halogen substituted.
AB  - A series of dialkylamino, pyrrolidyl and morpholyl-alkyl-derivatives of 3-amino
      1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide, 7- or 5,7-halogen substituted in the
      benzenoid moiety, was prepared and their cardiovascular activity studied. Most of
      the substances in question were capable of inducing a significant decrease in
      mean arterial blood pressure; some of them tended to increase pulse pressure or
      to cause bradycardia, an effect which was noted particularly in the case of
      compound 10 which reduced heart-rate by 85%. The structure/activity relationship
      of these substances, of the 6- and 6,7-halogen substituted isomers and of their
      corresponding non-substituted progenitors is examined.

PMID- 3375301
TI  - 1-Acetyl-5-aryl-3-[(substituted indole-3-yl-methylene-amino) phenyl]-4
      pyrazolines as anti-inflammatory agent.

PMID- 3375302
TI  - [Production, analysis and pharmacokinetic behavior of pholedrin sulfuric acid
      esters. 1. Production and analysis of pholedrin sulfuric acid esters].

PMID- 3375303
TI  - [HPLC determination of L-dopa and carbidopa in Isicom tablets].

PMID- 3375304
TI  - [Economical modification of a commercial cyclosporin radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 3375305
TI  - Spectrophotometric method for determination of doxycycline in pharmaceutical
      preparations.

PMID- 3375306
TI  - [Fluoride identification in organic drugs].

PMID- 3375307
TI  - The importance of selective analytical techniques in bioequivalence testing.

PMID- 3375308
TI  - [The effect of melting temperature and a detergent additive on the melting
      behavior of propyphenazone-containing suppositories].

PMID- 3375309
TI  - Increasing the solubility characteristics of griseofulvin with gamma
      cyclodextrin.

PMID- 3375310
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic interactions between dihydralazine and INH in rabbits].

PMID- 3375311
TI  - [The human plasma fraction antithrombin III].

PMID- 3375313
TI  - Telling patients the truth: a matter of respect.

PMID- 3375312
TI  - 9-Angeloylretronecine N-oxide from heliotropium bursiferum.

PMID- 3375314
TI  - On being a physician today.

PMID- 3375315
TI  - Identity in childhood and old age.

PMID- 3375316
TI  - On truth telling.

PMID- 3375317
TI  - Past and present: A new clinical base for medical education.

PMID- 3375318
TI  - Joint mobilization education and clinical use in the United States.
AB  - Joint mobilization in the physical therapy evaluation and treatment of patients
      with synovial joint dysfunction has come into general use only within the past
      decade. The purposes of this study were 1) to collect survey data regarding the
      education of physical therapists in mobilization techniques, 2) to examine
      quantitative changes in entry-level curricula from 1970 to 1986, and 3) to
      examine basic and continuing education opportunities and determine whether
      physical therapists are making use of these opportunities. Using chi-square
      analysis, significant changes (p less than or equal to .01) were found in the
      number of entry-level programs offering instruction in joint mobilization
      techniques and in the interest in initiating or expanding relevant course work.
      In the survey of practicing physical therapists, the increase in the number of
      therapists who have had instruction in mobilization techniques was also found to
      be significant (p less than or equal to .01). These results would seem to
      indicate that mobilization techniques are becoming more widely used by physical
      therapists to treat joint dysfunction and that entry-level physical therapy
      education programs are making an attempt to prepare students by expanding
      curricula.

PMID- 3375319
TI  - Ratio of hamstring to quadriceps femoris muscles' strength in the anterior
      cruciate ligament insufficient knee. Relationship to long-term recovery.
AB  - The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the peak torque and total-work
      ratios of hamstring to quadriceps femoris muscles' (HQ) in 41 subjects (27 male,
      14 female; means age = 35 years) with an anterior cruciate ligament insufficient
      knee (ACLIK) and 2) to determine the relationship between HQ ratios and long-term
      subject outcome. Quadriceps femoris and hamstring musculature strengths of both
      legs were measured at follow-up with an isokinetic dynamometer, and peak torque
      values were recorded at lower (60 degrees/sec) and higher (180 degrees/sec)
      speeds. Maximal isometric extension and flexion outputs were measured at a 60
      degree knee-flexion angle. Three standardized knee-scoring scales were used to
      determine the overall outcome of the ACLIK. High intersubject variability of the
      HQ ratios (range = 23%-205%) was observed in all strength tests, including tests
      of healthy knees. The injured knee of all subjects had a higher HQ ratio (46%
      95%) in every test than the healthy knee (42%-85%). The HQ ratio difference
      between knees was significant at the isokinetic higher speed (p less than .05)
      and for the total-work (p less than .05) tests because of the weak quadriceps
      femoris muscle of the injured knee. Outcome scores did not differ significantly
      between the groups with low, optimal, or high HQ ratios of the ACLIK but were
      significantly better in subjects whose HQ ratio of the injured knee was similar
      to that of their uninjured knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375320
TI  - Concurrent validity and intertester reliability of universal and fluid-based
      goniometers for active elbow range of motion.
AB  - The purposes of this study were 1) to establish the concurrent validity of the
      universal goniometer and the fluid-based goniometer and 2) to determine the
      intertester reliability of these two instruments. A correlational study was
      performed in which two testers used the universal goniometer and the fluid-based
      goniometer in measuring elbow range of motion in 30 healthy subjects. The fluid
      based goniometer had high intertester reliability (R = .92), and the standard
      goniometer had poor reliability (R = .53). The Pearson product-moment correlation
      between the two instruments was .83. A significant difference was shown between
      the standard goniometer and the fluid-based goniometer by the t test (t = 4.4, df
      = 28, p less than .05). The results support the use of the fluid-based goniometer
      between testers on elbow range of motion; however, the two instruments cannot be
      used interchangeably.

PMID- 3375321
TI  - Quantitative and clinical measures of static standing balance in hemiparetic and
      normal subjects.
AB  - Static standing balance was compared in 10 subjects with hemiparesis resulting
      from a cerebrovascular accident (33-71 years of age), 10 young normal subjects
      (22-40 years of age), and 10 older normal subjects (48-78 years of age) using a
      quantitative maximal load test and a clinical evaluation. The maximal load test
      required subjects to maintain a standing position against static loads applied at
      the waist (sagittal and frontal planes). Maximal loads were recorded as a
      percentage of body weight at the point when subjects could no longer hold the
      initial standing position. Effects of mechanical and cognitive factors were
      minimized in the maximal load test. Hemiparetic subjects had significantly lower
      maximal loads and clinical balance scores than both normal subject groups.
      Maximal loads of the young and older normal subjects were comparable, but the
      older subjects had lower clinical scores than the young subjects. Low
      correlations between subjects' scores on the two tests imply that each test
      yielded different information about static balance. Implications of the study
      results for the evaluation and treatment of balance deficits in hemiparetic
      persons are discussed.

PMID- 3375322
TI  - Reliability of quantitative muscle testing in healthy children and in children
      with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a hand-held dynamometer.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine intratester and test-retest reliability
      using a hand-held dynamometer for the measurement of isometric muscle strength in
      28 healthy children and children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The Dystrophic
      Group consisted of 14 children diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and
      the Healthy Group consisted of 14 age-matched children with no history of
      orthopedic or neuromuscular disorders. One physical therapist tested hip and knee
      extension, elbow flexion, and shoulder abduction in each child bilaterally. A two
      way analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to analyze differences
      between measurements taken within and across the testing sessions. Pearson
      product-moment correlation coefficients were determined on mean values across the
      testing sessions for each variable. No significant differences (p greater than
      .05) between measurements taken within or across testing sessions were found in
      either the Dystrophic Group or the Healthy Group. Correlation coefficients for
      the Dystrophic Group ranged from .83 to .99 for the variables tested. Correlation
      coefficients for the Healthy Group ranged from .74 to .99. The results suggest
      that the hand-held dynamometer can be used as a reliable instrument in measuring
      the isometric strength of selected muscles in children.

PMID- 3375324
TI  - Treatment of exposed bilateral Achilles tendons with use of the Dynasplint. A
      case report.
AB  - Third- and fourth-degree burns, which extend beyond the layers of the skin, are
      the most severe and difficult to rehabilitate. In this case report, a patient's
      recovery from exposed Achilles tendons bilaterally secondary to a severe burn
      injury is described. The Dynasplint, a spring-loaded orthosis designed to deliver
      a low-load, prolonged stretch to healing connective tissue, was used to
      facilitate the patient's recovery from an initial loss of -29 and -27 degrees of
      dorsiflexion of the right and left ankles, respectively. The patient's progress
      is reported from bed rest to independent ambulation at the time of discharge from
      the hospital.

PMID- 3375323
TI  - Empirical investigation of visual-inspection versus trend-line analysis of single
      subject data.
AB  - We examined the inferential decisions made using either visual analysis alone or
      in combination with a trend line to evaluate data from single-subject research
      designs. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to either a Visual Group (n
      = 20) that used a visual-inspection approach to analyzing graphed data or a
      Quantitative Group (n = 19) that used a trend-line approach. After instruction in
      interpretation, we asked the subjects to analyze graphs containing data from five
      hypothetical AB single-subject designs. Results revealed a statistically
      significant difference in the decision made between the two groups for four of
      the five graphs. The group using the trend line to analyze graphed data exhibited
      more confidence in the decisions they made and also demonstrated greater within
      group consistency as compared with the group using visual inspection. The
      implications of various methods of data analysis in establishing the scientific
      legitimacy of single-subject research methods are discussed, and the argument is
      made that quantitative procedures can assist in the analysis and interpretation
      of single-subject data.

PMID- 3375325
TI  - Wheel of (mis)fortune.

PMID- 3375326
TI  - Open letter to NIH. Review of cross-disciplinary applications.

PMID- 3375327
TI  - iiFAR: a new grassroots voice supporting the use of laboratory animals in
      research. Incurably ill for animal research.

PMID- 3375328
TI  - Association of Chairmen of Departments of Physiology annual questionnaire
      results.

PMID- 3375329
TI  - Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of oryzabrans A, B, C and D, glycans of Oryza
      sativa bran.

PMID- 3375330
TI  - Results of a large scale screen of microalgae for the production of protease
      inhibitors.

PMID- 3375332
TI  - Tissue culture of rhubarb and isolation of sennosides from the callus.

PMID- 3375331
TI  - Formation of vinblastine in multiple shoot culture of Catharanthus roseus.

PMID- 3375333
TI  - Anti-thrombic action of methanol extract and alkaloidal components from Corydalis
      tuber.

PMID- 3375334
TI  - In vitro fibrinolytic phytosterols isolated from the roots of Spatholobus
      suberetus.

PMID- 3375335
TI  - Isolation of the antifungal compounds falcarindiol and sarisan from Heteromorpha
      trifoliata.

PMID- 3375336
TI  - Effect of novel 7 beta-derivatives of forskolin upon human platelet adenylate
      cyclase system.

PMID- 3375337
TI  - New chromone, coumarin, and coumestan derivatives from Mutisia acuminata var.
      hirsuta.

PMID- 3375338
TI  - Constituents of Croton crassifolius roots.

PMID- 3375339
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for rapid estimation of vitamin D derivatives in calcinogenic
      plants.

PMID- 3375340
TI  - Pharmacological assay of Cordia verbenacea; Part 1. Anti-inflammatory activity
      and toxicity of the crude extract of the leaves.

PMID- 3375341
TI  - Phorbol diester constituents of croton oil: separation by two-dimensional TLC and
      rapid purification utilizing reversed-phase overpressure layer chromatography (RP
      OPLC).

PMID- 3375343
TI  - Coumarins from Pleiospermium alatum.

PMID- 3375342
TI  - Nardostachin, an iridoid of Nardostachys chinensis.

PMID- 3375344
TI  - Public awareness of patients with cleft lip and/or palate in Japan.

PMID- 3375345
TI  - Regeneration of the nail bed.

PMID- 3375346
TI  - Intrathoracic muscle flaps in the surgical management of life-threatening
      hemorrhage from the heart and great vessels.
AB  - Ten patients with real or threatened hemorrhage from either the heart or the
      great vessels secondary to infection or radiation necrosis (or both) underwent
      vascular closure techniques followed by reinforcement using an intrathoracic
      muscle flap. Three patients died during initial hospitalization, two from
      recurrent bleeding. The other seven patients survived a median of 23.7 months,
      and none had evidence of infection or bleeding. In patients who have real or
      impending hemorrhage from the heart or great vessels associated with infection,
      strong consideration should be given to the intrathoracic transposition of an
      extrathoracic muscle.

PMID- 3375347
TI  - Microvascular free-tissue transfer in children.
AB  - We have reviewed our experience with 22 microvascular free-tissue transfers in
      children. Ages range from 2 to 14 years; the success rate was 96 percent. Two
      patients underwent reexploration for postoperative hemorrhage, possibly due to
      treatment with low-molecular-weight dextran. No vessel spasm was observed,
      compared with a 28 percent incidence in our adult series of 154 patients. The
      vessels were in pristine condition. Operative time was shorter (6.1 hours) than
      in our adult series (9.7 hours). Average hospital stay was 10 days (compared to
      23 days for adults). All children have resumed almost normal activity within 2
      months (4 months for adults). Results of this study indicate that microvascular
      free-tissue transfer can be accomplished safely and expeditiously in children.
      Care should be taken in preoperative and postoperative planning, however,
      especially concerning immobilization.

PMID- 3375349
TI  - The universal tip: a systematic approach to aesthetic problems of the lower
      lateral cartilages.
AB  - A systematic approach to the various common aesthetic problems of the lower
      lateral cartilages is presented. Since this approach and technique may be applied
      to a wide variety of problems, we have taken the liberty of calling this the
      universal tip. These concepts have emerged from study of the literature and have
      evolved over the past thousand rhinoplasties. A classification of lower lateral
      cartilage problems includes five basic variations: (1) the wide, amphorous, ill
      defined tip, (2) insufficient projection of the tip, (3) overprojection of the
      tip, (4) dependent tip with lack of definition, and (5) asymmetrical tip. It is
      important to realize that any of these five categories may be found in various
      combinations with each other. The details and fundamental steps of this universal
      tip technique are presented along with illustrative case examples in each of the
      five basic variations. In approximately 4 percent of patients there is a
      postoperative asymmetry in the position of cartilaginous flaps in the region of
      the dome of the lower lateral cartilage. These abnormalities plus abnormal ridges
      or bossa can usually be corrected at the time of secondary surgery under local
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3375348
TI  - Lambdoid synostosis: surgical considerations.
AB  - Premature closure of the lambdoid suture may result in abnormalities in skull
      shape not only in the parieto-occipital region, but also in the frontal region
      and at the vertex of the skull. Although most of these abnormalities are mild,
      some constitute significant abnormalities in shape and therefore require specific
      surgical correction. In this report, we describe our approach from five patients
      we have treated and followed for 6 to 24 months with abnormalities characteristic
      of unilateral and bilateral lambdoid synostosis. We describe our approach to the
      simultaneous correction of frontal, occipital, and abnormal vertical height
      skeletal abnormalities in one operative procedure. To date, no negative
      neurologic sequelae have resulted from this operative approach, but significant
      improvement in skull form has been appreciated.

PMID- 3375350
TI  - Surgical reduction of hypertrophied inferior turbinates: a comparison of
      electrofulguration and partial resection.
AB  - Two adjunctive or primary surgical procedures, partial resection and
      electrofulguration, are popular today for reducing offending inferior turbinates.
      Both are relatively successful. However, there seems to be a growing consensus
      that judicious partial resection of the inferior turbinates is associated with a
      higher long-term success rate (86 versus 69 percent) as well as a lower
      postoperative morbidity rate. This paper outlines the specific symptom complex
      that brought 200 patients to corrective intranasal surgery. These are as follows:
      nasal obstruction (99 percent), sinus pressure headaches (61 percent), dry, raw
      pharynx (61 percent), abnormal migration of the nasal mucous blanket or
      "postnasal drip" (35 percent), and recurrent bacterial rhinosinusitis (57
      percent). Based on this symptom complex, this paper attempts to give the expected
      long-term results when a single operator performed 100 consecutive operations
      using each technique.

PMID- 3375351
TI  - Geometric considerations in the design of rotation flaps in the scalp and
      forehead region.
AB  - The classical transposition and rotation flaps are well known. Cosmetic
      considerations in the scalp and forehead region limit the use of a flap design
      that requires a skin graft for a donor defect. On sound geometric principles, the
      classical flap designs are suitably modified here to have a somewhat equal
      proportion of transposition and rotation. This "modified rotation flap" design
      works to a maximum advantage in the inextensible region of the scalp and forehead
      by providing single-stage primary closure of moderate to large defects. No
      backcuts are ever necessary with this flap design. Use of this principle to
      modify the rotation flap design for closure of an extended midline forehead
      defect following rhinoplasty allows a still wider (up to 6.5 cm) midline forehead
      flap to be available for rhinoplasty with primary closure of the donor defect.

PMID- 3375352
TI  - The one-stage preauricular flap for male pattern baldness: long-term results and
      risk factors.
AB  - Following a review of the operative technique for a single-stage vertical flap
      for reconstruction of the frontal hairline, we present a series of 156 such flaps
      with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Risk factors for necrosis or alopecia of
      the distal end of the flap include retroauricular design and cigarette smoking.
      There was not a single case of necrosis in nonsmokers with flaps shorter than 16
      cm. Finally, we demonstrate that the final appearance of the donor site is
      directly related to the tension under which it is closed.

PMID- 3375354
TI  - The reverse ulnar artery forearm island flap in hand surgery: 54 cases.
AB  - The authors discuss their experience with the ulnar artery forearm island flap in
      54 cases of hand surgery. They discuss its advantages over the radial island
      forearm flap and examine further technical possibilities in hand reconstruction,
      such as the compound flap. Although these reconstructive techniques do not have
      any sequelae, they involve the sacrifice of a major artery and should thus be
      used only in complex cases with very clear indications and as a last resort.

PMID- 3375353
TI  - A comparison of deepithelialization and deskinning in inferior pedicle breast
      reduction.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that deskinning instead of deepithelializing the pedicle
      can save time when using the inferior pedicle technique of breast reduction
      without incurring added risk, a comparison of deskinning with deepithelialization
      was performed in nine patients undergoing breast reduction. Each patient served
      as her own control. No increase in complications or decrease in the quality of
      result ensued from use of the deskinning technique. The savings in time, however,
      was relatively insignificant, and several other minor disadvantages outweighed
      the gain, so that this author has chosen to continue to use the traditional
      deepithelialization of the pedicle when performing breast reduction surgery.

PMID- 3375355
TI  - Clinical experience with the CO2 laser during carpal tunnel decompression.
AB  - Scar tissue formation along the cut edges of the transverse carpal ligament has
      been found to be among the primary causes for persistent median nerve compression
      following carpal tunnel release with the steel scalpel. Since laser surgery has
      been shown to be effective in reducing incisional inflammatory reactions,
      hypertrophic scarring, and postoperative pain and edema, in achieving better
      hemostasis, the application of the carbon dioxide laser may be a more efficient
      surgical tool than the steel scalpel for carpal tunnel release. In 46 cases of
      carpal tunnel syndrome, the carbon dioxide laser was utilized to vaporize the
      transverse carpal ligament and seal its edges. The patients were then reevaluated
      at 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. No intraoperative
      complications were encountered. Patients reported minimal postoperative pain,
      rapid return of sensibility, decreased paresthesia, and increased motor function.
      After 2 years, there have been no recurrent symptoms of median nerve compression
      in these patients.

PMID- 3375356
TI  - Ischemic injury to enteric free flaps: an experimental study in the dog.
AB  - Enteric free flaps have proven to be useful for reconstructing the cervical
      esophagus. Although jejunum is favored, the rationale for this is not at all
      clear. We have postulated that resistance to warm ischemia varies in different
      regions of the gut. An experiment was carried out in 10 mongrel dogs in which 10
      cm segments of proximal, middle, and distal small bowel were isolated on single
      vascular pedicles. In each portion of the gut there were three segments: a
      control, a segment subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischemia, and a segment
      subjected to 120 minutes of warm ischemia. The following day each animal was
      reexplored, and the viability of bowel segments was assessed visually and with
      fluorescein. All control segments were viable at 24 hours. Twenty segments were
      subjected to 1 hour of warm ischemia, and all but two were viable. Nineteen gut
      segments were subjected to 2 hours of warm ischemia. Seven of eight proximal
      segments were viable, two of five midsegments were viable, and zero of six distal
      segments were viable. Survival in the distal portion compared to the proximal
      portion was significantly less (p less than 0.01). It appears from this study
      that isolated distal small bowel segments are less resistant to warm ischemia
      than proximal segments.

PMID- 3375357
TI  - Unproven treatment: whose benefit, whose responsibility?

PMID- 3375358
TI  - Facial deformity of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Arthritis of the temporomandibular joint and resulting deficient mandibular
      growth are seen in as many as 25 percent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis. The magnitude of joint involvement and resulting growth deficiency
      varies significantly. These patients typically develop a "birdface" deformity
      with retruding mandible, alteration of the cervicofacial angle, and class II
      occlusion with limitation of the bite opening. A multidisciplinary approach,
      including the surgeon, a dentist, an orthodontist, and a rheumatologist, is
      necessary to ensure a safe and successful surgical outcome. The side effects of
      pharmacologic agents used to control the disease on coagulation, healing, and
      bone density should be considered seriously.

PMID- 3375359
TI  - Axillary lymphadenopathy: a complication of BCG immunotherapy for melanoma.
AB  - We present a patient with a Clark level IV melanoma who received BCG
      immunotherapy by scarification for 12 months after wide excision. Six months
      after cessation of treatment, the patient developed regional lymphadenopathy that
      histology showed to be reactive epithelioid granuloma. Regional immunotherapy
      thus represents a potentially confusing factor in the post-operative assessment
      and management of the patient with melanoma.

PMID- 3375360
TI  - The "knot twist": a new method of securing wire loops--an assessment of
      mechanical properties.
AB  - A model simulating intraosseous wire fixation was used to assess different
      methods of securing wire loops. Square knotting, twisting, and a new method, the
      "knot twist," were assessed. The importance of anchoring the butt ends of twisted
      wire is emphasized. A new, convenient technique of wire fixation is described.

PMID- 3375362
TI  - Immediate reconstruction of the penis using an inferiorly based rectus abdominis
      myocutaneous flap.
AB  - A new method for reconstruction of the penis using an inferiorly based rectus
      abdominis myocutaneous flap is described that seems to be particularly suitable
      for immediate one-stage reconstruction. Function of the residual portion of
      rectus muscle is preserved, and the abdominal wall is not significantly weakened.

PMID- 3375363
TI  - The holding technique for flexor tendon repair.
AB  - This paper introduces a technique for tendon holding during tendon repair. A
      segment of rubber glove is used to wrap severed tendon ends, is clamped at one
      side by a curved mosquito hemostat, and then is transfixed with a needle. All the
      items are readily available in any operating room or emergency room. The
      elasticity of the rubber loop provides steady holding power without doing damage
      to the outer surface of the tendon.

PMID- 3375361
TI  - A nipple splint.
AB  - An easily constructed, inexpensive splint for postoperative maintenance and
      protection of corrected flat, depressed, or inverted nipples and the method of
      its use are described.

PMID- 3375364
TI  - Craniofacial surgery: technique and philosophy.

PMID- 3375365
TI  - Further experience with rupture of the orbicularis oris in trumpet players.
AB  - In this paper a second case of rupture of the orbicularis oris in a trumpet
      player is presented. Treatment by direct suture of the muscle has been
      successful.

PMID- 3375367
TI  - Correction of eyelid ptosis.

PMID- 3375366
TI  - Frontal bone fractures, scalp flap, and expander in a patient with osteogenesis
      imperfecta.

PMID- 3375368
TI  - Prognosis of stage I malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3375369
TI  - Liposuction for congenital infiltrating lipomatosis of the face.

PMID- 3375370
TI  - Advertising by plastic surgeons.

PMID- 3375371
TI  - Drains and breast implants.

PMID- 3375372
TI  - Foley catheter for immediate tissue expansion.

PMID- 3375373
TI  - A new external injection port for the expander to prevent infection.

PMID- 3375374
TI  - Breast cancer and fat transplants.

PMID- 3375376
TI  - Volume calculation for breast augmentation and reconstruction with a soft-tissue
      expander.

PMID- 3375377
TI  - Bursting the tissue expander bubble.

PMID- 3375375
TI  - Upper facial mass and headaches: think of myxoma.

PMID- 3375378
TI  - Combined transplantation of free tissues.

PMID- 3375379
TI  - Tattooing the reconstructed areola without a tattoo machine.

PMID- 3375380
TI  - Technique of ring injuries replantation.

PMID- 3375381
TI  - Surprising and/or ignored malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3375382
TI  - Suction-assisted insertion of mammary prosthesis.

PMID- 3375383
TI  - An instrument for tattooing after mastectomy.

PMID- 3375384
TI  - Scalp expansion for male pattern baldness.

PMID- 3375385
TI  - [Attitude to the special education student with reference to social integration
      in early adulthood--studies in a rural district].
AB  - This paper deals with cognition of attitudes to pupils from a special school for
      mentally retarded children in a rural district on the base of using polarity
      profiles. Although children from Secondary Schools and adults have little
      understanding of the retarded children's handicaps, they do not appear to hold
      one-sided stereotyped opinions and in the areas of social behavior and ways of
      working positive attributes of the personality are emphasized. In comparison with
      this results recorded self-assessments of former pupils of special schools,
      together with the assessments of others, in real working situations show a
      satisfactory level of integration, although after initial difficulties.
      Opportunities for advice and care are considered necessary, even after pupils
      have left school.

PMID- 3375386
TI  - [25 years of clinical psychology of the East German Society of Psychology].
AB  - In the 25. year of existing of Section Clinical Psychology of society for
      Psychology in the GDR are analysed the todays performance, educational points and
      developments. The very young history of clinical Psychology is demonstrating the
      value of clinical Psychologist in the socialistic healthy work and the
      international important positions of special education to psychological
      specialist of medicine. The analysis of last years is showing stronger a
      interweave from clinical Psychology and clinical medicine.

PMID- 3375387
TI  - [The social network--on a sociologic concept in psychiatry].
AB  - For quite some time has been a boom of social network analysis in the field of
      social psychiatry in Western industrial countries. Their main hypothesis is that
      the scope and quality of a person's social relations have a specific connection
      with this person's psychic health. This article exemplifies some specialized
      studies on the subject. In spite of the fact that the way in which the concept of
      social networks was applied has been criticized for being empiristic and
      reductionist, the author stresses its potential for socio-psychiatric research
      and practice and pleads for its application in the G.D.R.

PMID- 3375388
TI  - [Correlation between clinical and paraclinical findings in brain tumors in
      comparison with the operation site].
AB  - On the basis of clinical material consisting of 147 brain tumors, the authors
      carry out a comparative investigation involving the site of the ensuing operation
      to ascertain the accuracy of the clinical and paraclinical diagnoses. Computed
      tomographic findings were deliberately excluded with the intention of focusing on
      the accuracy attainable by traditional means. Clinical findings, X-ray
      examination of the skull, ophthalmological findings, electroencephalographic and
      echoencephalographic data, nuclear diagnosis, and angiographic findings were all
      taken into account.

PMID- 3375389
TI  - Profiling psychiatric cases evaluated in the general hospital emergency room.

PMID- 3375391
TI  - Cultural aspects of the psychiatric hospital.
AB  - How a psychiatric hospital may be viewed will depend on how its professionals
      think about the origins and treatment of the mental disorders. If the illness is
      considered physical in origin, the hospital dealing with it will give medications
      and apply physical methods of therapy with the aim of discharging the patient
      rapidly. If one regards the mental disorder as having social origins the
      institution will deal with its social factors as important to the therapeutic
      process. It will design itself as a therapeutic community and consider itself
      primarily as such. The physical aspects of treatment will be thought of as
      secondary to the social ones. One may think of a psychiatric hospital as a
      particular type of society or culture. In this culture the patient and staff are
      immersed and interact in the therapeutic process. It is to this culture that the
      patient must adapt. It is in this culture that physical treatments and social
      factors are brought to bear on the patient. This culture must in turn impact on
      the patient for better or worse. This view requires a study of the elements which
      make the hospital's culture. It needs a knowledge of the larger culture and an
      awareness of its own impact on the institution. The value-system of the hospital
      also has a place of importance. This paper deals with the above and elements
      important to a psychiatric hospital which views itself as a culture.

PMID- 3375390
TI  - Comparison of outpatient care of discharged state hospital and non-hospitalized
      psychiatric emergency room patients.
AB  - The present article compares a cohort discharged from two state hospitals in a
      large urban area with a cohort referred for outpatient services from a
      psychiatric emergency room. Both cohorts were referred into the same community
      mental health system of services. The two cohorts are examined in terms of
      clinical and social demographic characteristics, in part to consider how distinct
      the two populations appear to be. In addition, patterns of initial contact and
      the nature and amounts of community services received by each group are compared.
      Based on these comparisons, some conclusions are drawn regarding the way in which
      these two groups are served by the community system.

PMID- 3375392
TI  - Graduate medical education faces housestaff stress: institutional dynamics and
      group process.
AB  - The authors describe their efforts and experiences in presenting information on
      housestaff stress, dysfunction, and psychiatric morbidity to a committee of
      residency educators in their medical center. A complex group process emerged,
      which is discussed in the context of institutional background and "dynamics," the
      physician-psychiatrist relationship, and faculty role conflicts. Logistical
      problems in studying and intervening with such housestaff difficulties are
      presented, and formalized as a set of alternative approaches. A working plan is
      given in the form of ten initial goals. The authors' current approach, which is
      compared to "therapy for an institution," takes careful cognizance of resistances
      in the group process.

PMID- 3375394
TI  - The future of psychoanalysis.

PMID- 3375393
TI  - Thyroid function during co-administration of lithium and carbamazepine compared
      to lithium alone.
AB  - Among 20 chronically psychotic patients, half of whom received lithium and half
      of whom received the combination of lithium and carbamazepine, thyroxine levels
      were slightly higher and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were slightly lower
      among the patients receiving lithium compared with the patients receiving the
      combination of lithium and carbamazepine. The clinical implications of our
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 3375395
TI  - Reflections on Lacan: his origins in Descartes and Freud.
AB  - Appreciation of Descartes' importance to Lacan's reading of Freud is a point of
      entry into Lacan's seemingly hermetic theoretical system. Lacan's analysis of
      Descartes' search for ontological certainty draws him, in Freud, to the
      ontological implications of castration anxiety, disavowal, and splitting of the
      ego. Lacan's theory both derives from and develops Freud's late work on the
      narcissistic origins of conflict within the ego.

PMID- 3375396
TI  - Neglected classics: Ernst Kris's "On some vicissitudes of insight in
      psychoanalysis".

PMID- 3375397
TI  - The two-man phenomenon.

PMID- 3375398
TI  - The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: a construction-integration
      model.

PMID- 3375399
TI  - The dynamics of cognition and action: mental processes inferred from speed
      accuracy decomposition.

PMID- 3375400
TI  - Continuous versus discrete information processing modeling accumulation of
      partial information.

PMID- 3375401
TI  - A behavioral theory of timing.

PMID- 3375402
TI  - Psychoneuroendocrine aspects of maternal behavior.

PMID- 3375403
TI  - The mitral valve prolapse--panic disorder connection.
AB  - Whether mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is more common in patients with panic
      disorder (PD) and agoraphobia with panic attacks (AgP) than in the normal
      population is controversial. A related issue is whether the presence of MVP in
      such patients has any clinical or biological significance. Echocardiograms were
      performed on 36 patients with PD/AgP and 22 normal controls. MVP was found to be
      more common in PD/AgP patients than in normal controls. However, MVP in the
      patients was mild and not associated with thickened mitral leaflets or small left
      ventricular size. Moderate or severe prolapse was uncommon in both groups.
      Patients with MVP had trends to higher heart rate and prolonged QTc interval on
      EKG, and reported more respiratory difficulty during panic attacks compared to
      patients without MVP. Lactate infusion did not affect patients with MVP
      differently than patients without MVP. The authors conclude that MVP is more
      common in patients with PD or AgP than in normal controls, but is of doubtful
      clinical significance.

PMID- 3375404
TI  - Type A behavior and angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis in a
      sample of 2,289 patients.
AB  - To determine the relationship between Type A behavior pattern and
      angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), we analyzed risk
      factor, behavioral, and angiographic data collected on 2,289 patients undergoing
      diagnostic coronary angiography at Duke University Medical Center between 1974
      and 1980. Multivariable analyses using ordinal logistic regression techniques
      showed that Type A behavior as assessed by the structured interview (SI) is
      significantly associated with CAD severity after age, sex, hyperlipidemia,
      smoking, hypertension, and their various significant interactions were controlled
      for. This relationship, however, is dependent upon age. Among patients aged 45 or
      younger, Type A's had more severe CAD than did Type B's; among patients aged 46
      54, CAD severity was similar between Type A's and B's; and among patients 55 and
      older, there was a trend toward more severe CAD among Type B's than among Type
      A's. These Type A-CAD relationships did not appear to be the result of various
      factors relating to the selection of patients for angiography. Type A behavior as
      assessed by the Jenkins Activity Survey was unrelated to CAD severity. These
      findings suggest that SI-determined Type A behavior is associated with more
      severe CAD among younger patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography.
      The reversal of the Type A-CAD relationship among older patients may be due to
      survival effects. Inadequate sample sizes, use of assessment tools other than the
      SI, and failure to consider the Type A by age interaction could account for
      failures to find a Type A-CAD relationship in other studies. We conclude that the
      present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Type A behavior is
      involved in the pathogenesis of CAD, but only in younger age groups. The Type A
      effect in the present data is small relative to that of both smoking and
      hyperlipidemia, however, and future research should focus more specifically on
      the hostility and anger components of Type A behavior, particularly in younger
      samples.

PMID- 3375405
TI  - Coronary-prone behaviors in the Western Collaborative Group Study.
AB  - Two-hundred-fifty CHD cases and 500 matched controls from the Western
      Collaborative Group Study were studied to assess the 8.5-yr prospective
      relationship of specific behavioral dimensions to the incidence of coronary heart
      disease. Type A structured interviews administered at intake were reevaluated in
      terms of 12 operationally defined components, which include previously described
      facets of the Type A behavior pattern. Univariate risk analyses using the matched
      logistic model found hostility (RR = 1.92, p less than 0.001), speaking rate (RR
      = 1.66, p = 0.003), immediateness (RR = 1.62, p = 0.009), competitiveness (RR =
      1.50, p = 0.013), and Type A content (RR = 1.38, p = 0.045) to be significantly
      related to CHD incidence. Of these, only hostility remained a significant risk
      factor (RR = 1.93, p less than 0.001) when all 12 components were included in the
      model. The original Type A global ratings and traditional CHD risk factors were
      also analyzed in conjunction with the components. The Type A behavior pattern
      comprises both benign and coronary-prone facets, with the latter most exemplified
      by hostility.

PMID- 3375406
TI  - The Cook and Medley HO scale: a heritability analysis in adult male twins.
AB  - Thirty-seven pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 60 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) middle
      aged, male, American twins were studied to determine the heritability of the Cook
      and Medley Hostility (HO) scale and its two subscales, Cynicism and Paranoid
      Alienation. No clear evidence for a significant genetic component was indicated
      for the full HO scale and the Paranoid Alienation subscale. Scores on these
      scales were found to be associated with age, socioeconomic status, the twinning
      condition, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) K scale. DZ
      twins scored higher than MZ on HO and Cynicism, and lower on the MMPI K scale.
      Statistical adjustments for age and socioeconomic status removed twin mean
      differences and weakened MZ intrapair correlations on the HO scale but did not
      change overall conclusions regarding heritability. After the association with K
      was partialled out from these scales and retested for heritability, both HO and
      Paranoid Alienation showed a weaker twin pair similarity than that observed in
      the unadjusted scales. However, Cynicism, the scale with the greatest item
      overlap with the K scale, was not affected by the adjustment. Since no genetic
      component was evident for the K scale in this sample it was concluded that if a
      genetic influence in these MMPI scales is present, it is mostly in the Cynicism
      subscale of HO.

PMID- 3375407
TI  - Skin conductance and heart rate in women with premenstrual syndrome.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle phase on certain
      components of autonomic arousal and task performance. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
      women and matched controls (non-PMS) were tested both premenstrually and
      postmenstrually. The conditions selected were a) the presentation of 10 tones, b)
      a proofreading performance task, and c) a word-association learning task. Skin
      conductance and heart rate were continuously monitored. No significant effects
      were found on baseline physiological measures, or on proofreading or word
      association performance. A significant point in cycle effect for skin conductance
      and HR orienting response to the tones was found showing smaller HR and skin
      conductance responses postmenstrually. Several significant PMS classifications by
      point in menstrual cycle interactions were found. These indicated that,
      paradoxically, the non-PMS subjects showed higher spontaneous skin conductance
      responding during the word association task and higher skin conductance responses
      to tones prior to menses. While in contrast, PMS subjects yielded higher
      responding on the same measures postmenstrually. On stress ratings, PMS subjects
      reported experiencing more stress postmenstrually. Results are discussed in terms
      of the possible role of expectancy factors and inaccurate self-monitoring.

PMID- 3375408
TI  - American Psychosomatic Society. Abstracts of papers, annual meeting. March 26-28,
      1987.

PMID- 3375409
TI  - The incidence of drug and solvent misuse among southern English normal
      comprehensive schoolchildren.

PMID- 3375410
TI  - Screening for cervical cancer in Fife.

PMID- 3375411
TI  - Seroepidemiologic survey of Toxocara canis infection in urban and rural children.

PMID- 3375412
TI  - Early childhood morbidity in three contrasting urban districts.

PMID- 3375413
TI  - Assessment of cerebrovascular morbidity in Fife.

PMID- 3375414
TI  - Housing and health of a resettlement exercise in Nigeria.

PMID- 3375415
TI  - Smoking and absence from work in a population of student nurses.

PMID- 3375416
TI  - The uptake of available services and benefits for patients with multiple
      sclerosis in a south London borough.

PMID- 3375417
TI  - Project 2000: the only option?

PMID- 3375418
TI  - Psychiatric symptomatology and health care utilization.
AB  - This paper examines the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and
      dysfunctions and utilization of general and mental health services. A sample of
      two hundred community members, 18 to 64 years old, was selected using a
      stratified random sampling based on the criteria of sex and age. Respondents were
      categorized according to their aggregated scores on the validated Psychiatric
      Symptom and Dysfunction Scales. Patterns of utilization were ascertained
      according to identified levels of psychiatric symptoms. Results indicated that as
      the level of psychiatric symptoms increased so did the proportion of users of
      mental health services. Subjects scoring high in psychiatric symptomatology were
      also found to make more use of general health services and prescribed drugs than
      those with low levels of psychiatric symptoms and dysfunctions. Worth mentioning
      is the fact that 61.12% of the respondents, who were identified as in need of
      mental health services, reported that they had not received such services. This
      result suggests that other factors, in addition to psychiatric symptomatology,
      also influence the use of general and mental health services.

PMID- 3375419
TI  - Sociodemographic, cultural and interpersonal risk factors as indicators of mental
      health needs.
AB  - The goal of this paper is to examine an integrated model of mental health needs
      which takes into consideration psychiatric symptoms and dysfunctions, behavioral
      dimensions, as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors. This model presupposes
      that specific life situations and positions of the respondent in different
      dimensions of the social structure are basic factors for the identification of
      mental health needs. The method of data collection was a personal interview with
      a sample of two hundred community members, 18 to 64 years, selected using a
      stratified random sampling based on the criteria of sex and age. Statistically
      significant differences were identified between age, sex, education, social role
      performance, subjective perceptions, and levels of mental health need. This
      evidence suggests that social roles and specific risk factors are basic elements
      in determining mental health needs.

PMID- 3375420
TI  - Socioeconomic determinants of health insurance status among Puerto Ricans.
AB  - The present study analyzed the socioeconomic determinants of health insurance
      status among Puerto Ricans. Given the fact that there are no mandated health
      benefits for private firms in Puerto Rico and that health services are provided
      almost free of charge in government facilities, Puerto Rico provides a unique
      case study to explore the determinants of health insurance status. The model,
      estimated using a household sample of 750 dwellings, was collected through the
      Master Sample Survey of Puerto Rico's Department of Health. Given the nature of
      the problem studied, logistic regression techniques are used for estimation
      purposes. The findings of this study point to the importance of age and
      socioeconomic status as the most important determinants of health insurance
      status.

PMID- 3375421
TI  - Production of monoclonal antibodies to Sp2/O-Ag 14 myeloma cells.
AB  - The hybridoma technology developed by Kohler and Milstein allows the obtention of
      antibodies of a single specificity (i.e. monoclonal antibodies). This methodology
      was first introduced in the Immunology Laboratory of the Department of
      Microbiology at the Medical Sciences Campus (MSC), University of Puerto Rico
      (UPR) in 1986. The production of monoclonal antibodies to Sp2/O-Ag 14 reported
      herein describes the procedure used and is of importance because it constitutes
      the first work on monoclonal antibodies performed at our institution and in
      Puerto Rico.

PMID- 3375422
TI  - Analysis by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of monoclonal antibodies
      produced against cell surface antigens.
AB  - The reactivity of seven monoclonal antibodies against the surface antigens of the
      murine myeloma cell line Sp2/O-Ag 14 was simultaneously analyzed by fluorescence
      microscopy and flow cytometry. To 1 X 10(6) Sp2/O-Ag 14 cells were added 200
      microliters of the monoclonal antibody and the mixture was incubated at 4 degrees
      C for 30 min. After washing twice with PBS, the Sp2/O-Ag 14 cells were incubated
      at 4 degrees C for 30 min with a 1:400 dilution of fluoresceinated goat anti
      mouse antibodies. Sp2/O-Ag 14 cells were ready for analysis after washing the
      cells 3 X with PBS. By fluorescence microscopic analysis different patterns of
      reactivity with monoclonal antibodies were detected. These patterns were
      identified as: smooth annular, dot-like annular, dot-like patches, diffuse and
      homogeneous. The observed patterns may represent different cell surface epitopes
      being recognized by the monoclonal antibodies. Flow cytometry analysis with the
      EPICS V system showed reactivity of seven monoclonal antibodies with Sp2/O-Ag 14
      cell surface epitopes, which ranged from 79 to 90%. Compared to fluorescence
      microscopy, flow cytometry provides a faster, more sensitive and more accurate
      quantitative measurement of the reactivity of different monoclonal antibodies
      against Sp2/O-Ag 14 cell surface antigens.

PMID- 3375423
TI  - Health care services and sterilization among Puerto Rican women.
AB  - This paper considers the variables related to the type of health care utilization
      for sterilization and family planning among Puerto Rican women. The study is
      based on a representative sample of 1,375 women between the ages of 15-49 years.
      The data shows that the majority of women used the private sector of health care
      for their sterilization. Younger women, women with a low level of education,
      unemployed, living in consensual marriages and those who had their children as
      adolescents, made more use of the public services for their sterilization. It is
      a well proven fact that women with the above mentioned characteristics are more
      socioeconomically deprived than the educated, married and working women. Thus, it
      is to be expected that this group of women does not have the economic resources
      needed to utilize the private health care system.

PMID- 3375424
TI  - Pulse radiolytic studies of radicals produced from methylated uracils via
      oxidation by SO4..
AB  - Using a pulse radiolysis technique, some nucleic base radicals were produced by
      the reactions of sulfate radical, SO4-, with 1-, 3-, 5-, and 6-methyluracils, and
      their optical and kinetic natures were observed. All of their absorption spectra
      showed main peaks at approximately 400 nm with absorption constants ranging from
      1020 to approximately 1560 dm3 mol-1 cm-1. The rate constants of their formation
      were 1.6 to approximately 3.3 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1 s-1. For thymine and 6
      methyluracil, the absorption coefficients of their radicals at approximately 500
      nm changed according to pH, giving pK values of approximately 9. For N(3)
      methylated uracil, on the other hand, no such acid-base equilibrium was found.
      When the N(1) position was methylated, another type of pH effect was found. From
      these spectral observations and the comparative discussions, it was shown that
      methylation at the N(1) position gives OH-adduct radicals and at other positions
      proton-released radicals. For 3- and 6-methyluracils, second intermediates were
      formed concomitantly with the disappearance of the initial radicals. They are
      tentatively assigned to their ring-opened radicals, presumably by the reaction of
      the initial radicals with S2O8(2-).

PMID- 3375425
TI  - Toxic effects of acute glutathione depletion by buthionine sulfoximine and
      dimethylfumarate on murine mammary carcinoma cells.
AB  - Glutathione (GSH) depletion to approximately equal to 5% of control for 48 h or
      longer by 0.05 mM L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) led to appreciable toxicity for
      the 66 murine mammary carcinoma cells growing in vitro [L.A. Dethlefsen et al.,
      Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 12, 1157-1160 (1986)]. Such toxicity in
      normal, proliferating cells in vivo would be undesirable. Thus the toxic effects
      after acute GSH depletion to approximately equal to 5% of control by BSO plus
      dimethylfumarate (DMF) were evaluated in these same 66 cells to determine if this
      anti-proliferative effect could be minimized. Two hours of 0.025 mM DMF reduced
      GSH to 45% of control, while 6 h of 0.05 mM BSO reduced it to 16%. However, BSO
      (6 h) plus DMF (2 h) and BSO (24 h) plus DMF (2 h) reduced GSH to 4 and 2%,
      respectively. The incorporation (15-min pulses) of radioactive precursors into
      protein and RNA were unaffected by these treatment protocols. In contrast, cell
      growth was only modestly affected, but the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into
      DNA was reduced to 64% of control by the BSO (24 h) plus DMF (2 h) protocol even
      though it was unaffected by the BSO (6 h) plus DMF (2 h) treatment. The cellular
      plating efficiencies from both protocols were reduced to approximately equal to
      75% of control cells. However, the aerobic radiation response, as measured by
      cell survival, was not modified at doses of either 4.0 or 8.0 Gy. The growth
      rates of treated cultures, after drug removal, quickly returned to control rates
      and the resynthesis of GSH in cells from both protocols was also rapid. The GSH
      levels after either protocol were slightly above control by 12 h after drug
      removal, dramatically over control (approximately equal to 200%) by 24 h, and
      back to normal by 48 h. Thus even a relatively short treatment with BSO and DMF
      resulting in a GSH depletion to 2-5% of control had a marked effect on DNA
      synthesis and plating efficiency and a modest effect on cellular growth. One
      cannot rule out a direct effect of the drugs, but presumably the
      antiproliferative effects are due to a depletion of nuclear GSH with the
      subsequent inhibition of the GSH/glutaredoxin-mediated conversion of
      ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. However, even after extended treatment,
      upon drug removal, GSH was rapidly resynthesized and cellular DNA synthesis and
      growth quickly resumed.

PMID- 3375426
TI  - Thermal dosimetry of normal porcine tissue.
AB  - The response of normal porcine fat and muscle to graduated doses of hyperthermia
      provided by an annularly focused acoustic source was measured. Temperatures and
      exposure times were varied between 43 degrees C (20-90 min), 45 and 47 degrees C
      (20-60 min), and 49 degrees C (20 min). Response, based on histologic grading of
      the treated sites 30 days after exposure, was found to correlate well when mapped
      against several methods of estimating thermal energy deposition. The threshold
      for damage production was at or near 43 degrees C. For a given temperature, a
      nearly exponential increase in relative tissue damage as a function of increased
      exposure time was found. A twofold increase in tissue damage was produced in fat
      relative to muscle at any given thermal dose.

PMID- 3375427
TI  - Multiple, small exposures of far-ultraviolet or mid-ultraviolet light change the
      sensitivity to acute ultraviolet exposures measured by cell lethality and
      mutagenesis in V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - Chinese hamster V79 cells (subline MI2G) were exposed repeatedly to fractionated
      doses of germicidal 254 nm light (far-uv) at 6 J.m-2/fraction/day or sunlight
      simulating 290-330 nm (mid-uv) at 150 J.m-2/fraction/day and sensitivities to
      cell killing action and mutation of far-uv and mid-uv were examined. As the
      number of exposure fractions increased, the cell cultures became resistant to
      cell killing induced by both far-uv and mid-uv. Increases in both Do and Dq were
      observed. Treatment with exposures of 6 J.m-2 far-uv is more efficient in
      yielding cell cultures that are resistant than exposures of 150 J.m-2 mid-uv. In
      contrast to the cells exposed to repeated far-uv, the cells exposed to repeated
      mid-uv were relatively more resistant to cell killing effects of mid-uv than far
      uv, suggesting a possible role of photolesions other than pyrimidine dimers. When
      mutants resistant to 6-thioguanine were assayed during repeated exposure to far-
      or mid-uv light, the yield was initially linear with accumulating dose. At high
      total accumulated doses, the frequency decreased gradually (6 J.m-2 mid-uv) or
      reached a plateau (150 J.m-2 mid-uv). The sensitivity of N80 cells (exposed to 80
      fractions of mid-uv) to mutation induction by uv light is higher than that of the
      original MI2G cells, whereas U81 cells (exposed to 81 fractions of far-uv) have a
      sensitivity similar to that of the original cells. Although an initial decrease
      in resistance to cell killing was observed, resistant cells retained their
      characteristics after 100 days in culture without further exposure. Cross
      resistance to X rays was not shown. The data in this paper suggest that the
      capacity for repair of photolesions in DNA by repair processes was enhanced in
      cell cultures by repeated exposure to far-uv or mid-uv and that this altered the
      cells' ability to cope with lethal and mutagenic lesions. It remains to be seen
      if these changes in cell sensitivity were brought about by selective or inductive
      processes or a combination of both.

PMID- 3375428
TI  - Split-dose recovery and protein synthesis in X-irradiated CHO cells.
AB  - A temperature-sensitive mutant for protein synthesis, CHO-tsH1, has been compared
      to the wild-type (WT) cell, CHO-SC1, in single- and split-radiation-dose schemes.
      When the exponentially growing mutant and the wild-type cells were treated at 40
      degrees C for up to 3 h prior to split doses of X rays, survival was
      progressively reduced in the mutant compared to the wild type. In addition, if a
      2-h split-dose scheme was used with a treatment of 40 degrees C given before the
      first dose, between the dose fractions and after the second dose, the recovery
      from sublethal damage (SLD) was almost completely inhibited in the mutant cells.
      These observations implied that a pool of proteins was involved in the recovery
      from sublethal X-ray damage. However, if molecular repair was measured in the
      mutant cell by the alkaline-unwinding technique under the same time and
      temperature schemes as those demonstrating a reduction in the recovery from SLD,
      no difference in the kinetics of DNA strand rejoining was observed compared to
      similar measurements made under conditions permitting SLD recovery. Misrepair
      processes may permit restoration of DNA strand integrity but not allow functional
      repair. Split-dose experiments were also done using cycloheximide to chemically
      inhibit protein synthesis. Under conditions which mimicked those used in the
      temperature-shift experiments both cell lines showed a reduction in the recovery
      from sublethal damage comparable in magnitude to that observed in the mutant
      cells when they were treated with 40 degrees C. Both the chemical and thermal
      inhibition of protein synthesis substantiate its necessity for the recovery from
      sublethal damage.

PMID- 3375429
TI  - Extrapolation of the relative risk of radiogenic neoplasms across mouse strains
      and to man.
AB  - We have examined two interrelated questions: is the susceptibility for radiogenic
      cancer related to the natural incidence, and are the responses of cancer
      induction by radiation described better by an absolute or a relative risk model.
      Also, we have examined whether it is possible to extrapolate relative risk
      estimates across species, from mice to humans. The answers to these questions
      were obtained from determinations of risk estimates for nine neoplasms in female
      and male C3Hf/Bd and C57BL/6 Bd mice and from data obtained from previous
      experiments with female BALB/c Bd and RFM mice. The mice were exposed to 137Cs
      gamma rays at 0.4 Gy/min to doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 Gy. When tumors that
      were considered the cause of death were examined, both the control and induced
      mortality rates for the various tumors varied considerably among sexes and
      strains. The results suggest that in general susceptibility is determined by the
      control incidence. The relative risk model was significantly superior in five of
      the tumor types: lung, breast, liver, ovary, and adrenal. Both models appeared to
      fit myeloid leukemia and Harderian gland tumors, and neither provided good fits
      for thymic lymphoma and reticulum cell sarcoma. When risk estimates of radiation
      induced tumors in humans and mice were compared, it was found that the relative
      risk estimates for lung, breast, and leukemia were not significantly different
      between humans and mice. In the case of liver tumors, mice had a higher risk than
      humans. These results indicate that the relative risk model is the appropriate
      approach for risk estimation for a number of tumors. The apparent concordance of
      relative risk estimates between humans and mice for the small number of cancers
      examined encourages us to undertake further studies.

PMID- 3375430
TI  - A comparison of lung metastases and natural killer cell activity in daily
      fractions and weekly fractions of radiation therapy on murine B16a melanoma.
AB  - C57BL/6J male mice were inoculated with 5 X 10(5) B16a melanoma cells. Seven days
      post-inoculation, when the tumor had grown to 8.0-10.0 mm in diameter, 120 tumor
      bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) sham-irradiated
      controls, (2) mice receiving 200 cGy five times a week for 6 weeks, and (3) mice
      receiving 800 cGy once a week for 4 weeks. Thirty mice in each group were
      sacrificed 47 days postinoculation. Ten mice in each group were observed for the
      survival time data. The primary tumor was significantly smaller and the number of
      lung metastases were significantly fewer in mice treated with 800 cGy once a week
      compared to mice treated with 200 cGy five times a week. When natural killer (NK)
      cell activity was assessed against YAC-1 tumor targets, it was found to be
      significantly higher in mice treated with a single large weekly dose of
      irradiation. These results show that B16a melanoma responds more favorably to a
      single large dose of irradiation administered once a week compared to the smaller
      conventional fraction administered five times a week. This beneficial effect
      correlates with an increase in NK activity, indicating that there may be a causal
      relationship.

PMID- 3375431
TI  - Effect of arabinofuranosyladenine on radiation-induced chromosome damage in
      plateau-phase CHO cells measured by premature chromosome condensation:
      implications for repair and fixation of alpha-PLD.
AB  - The effect of the DNA polymerase inhibitor beta-arabinofuranosyladenine (araA) on
      radiation-induced damage was studied at the cell survival and chromosome level in
      unfed plateau-phase cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells. At the cell survival
      level postirradiation treatment with araA fixed a form of radiation-induced
      potentially lethal damage, termed alpha-PLD. In the absence of araA treatment,
      repair of PLD resulted in the formation of the survival curve shoulder in
      immediately plated cells and in the increase in survival observed after delayed
      plating. The repair kinetics observed after delayed plating of plateau-phase
      cells or after delayed administration of 500 microM araA were similar, suggesting
      that both protocols assay similar lesions. AraA-mediated fixation reached a
      plateau at concentrations higher than 500 microM, indicating complete fixation of
      alpha-PLD. At the cytogenetic level, postirradiation treatment with araA at
      concentrations higher than 500 microM caused a complete inhibition of chromosome
      repair, as scored by premature chromosome condensation. In the absence of araA,
      the linearity of the dose-effect relationship for chromosome fragmentation
      obtained immediately after irradiation was preserved even after long repair
      times. The repair kinetics of chromosome damage measured in cells held
      postirradiation in the plateau phase were the mirror image of the repair kinetics
      for alpha-PLD. The half-time was 1 h in both cases and repair reached a plateau
      after about 4-6 h. AraA-mediated repair inhibition of chromosome damage was
      reversible, and a decrease in residual chromosome damage was observed after post
      treatment incubation in araA-free conditioned medium. This persistent chromosome
      damage increased with increasing araA concentration and, as with PLD fixation,
      reached a plateau at about 500 microM. These results suggest that repair and araA
      mediated fixation of alpha-PLD have their counterparts at the chromosome level as
      indicated by the similar repair kinetics and inhibition/fixation characteristics
      obtained for alpha-PLD and chromosome damage. This relationship implies a
      correlation between repair at the DNA and the chromosome level and suggests that
      DNA polymerization is required for the repair of chromosome damage.

PMID- 3375432
TI  - Moderate hyperthermia and low dose rate irradiation.
AB  - Moderate hyperthermia (4 h at 40 degrees C) enhances V-79 cell radiosensitivity
      at low irradiation dose rates with a maximum thermal enhancement ratio (TER) of
      1.38. In comparison, the TER measured at acute dose rate is 1.13. Heat treatments
      given before and during irradiation are equally effective, and more so than
      postirradiation hyperthermia. Hyperthermia-induced inhibition of sublethal damage
      repair is a probable cause of the observed effect.

PMID- 3375433
TI  - Renal damage in the mouse: the response to very small doses per fraction.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to study the effect on the mouse kidney of repeated X
      ray doses in the range 0.2 to 1.6 Gy per fraction and neutron doses in the range
      0.05 to 0.25 Gy per fraction. A top-up design of experiment was used, so that
      additional graded doses of d(4)-Be neutrons (EN = 2.3 MeV) were given to bring
      the subthreshold damage produced by these treatments into the measurable range.
      This approach avoided the necessity to use a large number of fractions to study
      low doses per fraction. Renal damage was assessed using three methods: 51Cr-EDTA
      clearance, urine output, and hematocrit at 16-50 weeks postirradiation. The dose
      response curves obtained were resolved best at 29 weeks. However, the results
      were also examined by fitting second-order polynomials to the data for response
      versus time postirradiation and using interpolated values from these functions at
      29 weeks to construct dose-response curves. This method reduced slightly the
      variation in the dose-response data, but the interrelationship between the dose
      response curves remained the same. The data were used to test the linear
      quadratic (LQ) description of the underlying X-ray dose-fractionation
      relationship. The model fits well down to X-ray doses per fraction of
      approximately 1 Gy, but lower X-ray doses were more effective per gray than
      predicted by LQ, as seen previously in skin [M. C. Joiner et al., Int. J. Radiat.
      Biol. 49, 565-580 (1986)]. This increased X-ray effectiveness and deviation from
      LQ are reflected directly in a decrease in the RBE of d(4)-Be neutrons relative
      to X-rays at low doses, since the underlying response to these neutrons is linear
      in this low-dose region. The RBE decreases from 9.9 to 4.7 as the X-ray dose per
      fraction is reduced below 0.8 Gy to 0.2 Gy, reflecting an increase in X-ray
      effectiveness by a factor of 2.1. A model is discussed which attempts to explain
      this behavior at low doses per fraction.

PMID- 3375434
TI  - Radiation response characteristics of human cells in vitro.
AB  - Improvements in tissue culture techniques and growth media have made it possible
      to culture a range of cells of human origin, both normal and malignant. The most
      recent addition to the list are endothelial cells from umbilical cord veins.
      Interesting results in radiosensitivity studies of these human cells have been
      obtained, some of which may have implications in radiation therapy. (i) Repair of
      potentially lethal damage (PLDR) has been observed in all cell lines
      investigated; cells of normal origin repair PLD at least as well as malignant
      cells, which makes clinical trials of PLDR inhibitors of doubtful usefulness.
      (ii) No apparent correlation can be made between the extent of PLDR and the
      traditional radioresponsiveness of a particular tumor type. Indeed, if anything,
      it could appear to have an inverse correlation since the most resistant tumor
      cells show the smallest amount of PLD repair. (iii) Dose-rate effects appear to
      be better predictors of radiosensitivity than PLDR capacity. (iv) Sublethal
      damage repair, manifest by a dose-rate effect, has also been observed in all
      human cell lines tested. Cells of normal tissue origin, including fibroblasts and
      endothelial cells, exhibit a dose-rate effect that is intermediate between that
      for cells from traditionally resistant tumors (melanoma and osteosarcoma) and
      cells from more sensitive tumors (neuroblastoma and breast).

PMID- 3375435
TI  - The effect of changes in dosimetry on cancer mortality risk estimates in the
      atomic bomb survivors.
AB  - In the spring of 1986 the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) received a
      new atomic bomb dosimetry system. This report presents the comparisons of
      leukemia and nonleukemia cancer mortality risk estimates under the old and new
      dosimetries. In terms of total kerma (essentially whole-body gamma plus neutron
      exposure), risk estimates for both classes of cancer are 75-85% higher with the
      new dosimetry. This and other summary comparisons allow for possible nonlinearity
      at high estimated doses. Changes are also considered in relation to organ doses
      and assumptions about the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons.
      Without regard to RBE, the risk estimates for total organ dose are essentially
      unchanged by the dosimetry revision. However, with increasing assumed values of
      RBE, the estimated low-LET risk decreases much less rapidly under the new
      dosimetry, due to the smaller neutron component. Thus at an assumed constant RBE
      of 10, for example, the effect of the dosimetry revision is to increase organ
      dose risk estimates, relative to those based on the old dosimetry, by 30% for
      nonleukemia and 80% for leukemia. At an RBE of 20 these increases are 72 and
      136%, respectively. A number of other issues are discussed. The city difference
      in dose is no longer statistically significant, even at an RBE of one. Estimation
      of RBE is even less feasible with new dosimetry. There is substantial question of
      the linearity in dose response, in the sense of a leveling off at higher doses.
      Finally, some indication is given of how risks estimated from this dosimetry and
      the current data may compare to widely used estimates based largely on the RERF
      data with the previous dosimetry.

PMID- 3375436
TI  - Absolute scattering probabilities for subexcitation electrons in condensed H2O.
AB  - Absolute elastic and inelastic collision probabilities per unit length for
      subexcitation electrons scattering in condensed water were determined by analysis
      of electron energy loss and transmission data for electron energies between the
      vacuum level (zero incident kinetic energy) and 3.2 eV. Highly disordered solid
      films were deposited on a metal substrate with thickness varying between 1 and 50
      layers. Analysis by an N-channel model of hot electron transport provides values
      of 0.017 and 0.068 per layer for the elastic and total inelastic collision
      probabilities, respectively.

PMID- 3375437
TI  - Considerations on a revision of the quality factor.
AB  - A modified analytical expression is proposed for the revised quality factor that
      has been suggested by a liaison group of ICRP and ICRU. With this modification
      one obtains, for sparsely ionizing radiation, a quality factor which is
      proportional to the dose average of lineal energy, y. It is shown that the
      proposed relation between the quality factor and lineal energy can be translated
      into a largely equivalent dependence on LET. The choice between the reference
      parameters LET or y is therefore a secondary problem in an impending revision of
      the quality factor.

PMID- 3375438
TI  - Oxygen- and temperature-dependent cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) on human NHIK 3025 cells in vitro.
AB  - The radiosensitizing effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was tested on human NHIK 3025 cells
      cultivated in vitro. cis-DDP was found to exert a radiomodifying effect under
      hypoxic but not under aerobic conditions. These results confirm that cis-DDP may
      act as a radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells; however, the radiosensitizing effect
      was seen only at concentrations of cis-DDP having a considerable cytotoxic
      activity, and for practical reasons concerning survival level the highest drug
      concentration that was investigated was 15 microM at 37 degrees C. The
      radiosensitizing effect was of a dose-modifying type and with a dose-modifying
      factor (DMF) of 1.2 at 15 microM in hypoxic cells. The radiosensitizing as well
      as the cytotoxic effect of cis-DDP was found to be strongly temperature
      dependent. Isoeffect doses of cis-DDP was reduced with a factor of 3 at 22 as
      compared to 37 degrees C. We also found that hypoxic cells were less sensitive to
      cis-DDP than cells treated in the presence of oxygen. To test the correlation
      between cytotoxicity and radiosensitization on the one hand and cellular uptake
      of cis-DDP on the other, cell-associated Pt was measured by atomic absorption
      spectroscopy. From these studies the cytotoxicity of cis-DDP at 22 and 37 degrees
      C under aerobic conditions was found to be the same as long as the amount of cell
      associated Pt (i.e., the cellular uptake) was the same. However, whether the
      cells were treated under hypoxic or aerobic conditions, the cellular uptake of Pt
      was the same. While the radiosensitizing effect was present at 37 and at 40
      degrees C, no such effect could be found at 22 degrees C. Since the cytotoxicity
      of cis-DDP as well as the drug uptake was reduced about three times at 22 as
      compared to 37 degrees C, we increased the concentration threefold, to 50 microM
      at 22 degrees C. Still no radiosensitizing effect was found at this temperature.

PMID- 3375439
TI  - Microwaves and the cell membrane. IV. Protein shedding in the human erythrocyte:
      quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The erythrocyte responds to microwave fields by shedding at least 11 low
      molecular-weight proteins of less than or equal to 31,000 Da, with components of
      28,000-31,000 Da released during the destabilization of divalent calcium-protein
      bridges [R.P. Liburdy and P.F. Vanek, Radiat. Res. 109, 382-395 (1987)].
      Significantly, protein shedding was shown to be restricted to exposure
      temperatures coinciding with the cell membrane phase/structural transition
      temperature, Tc, of 17-25 degrees C. We report here a further characterization of
      protein shedding at Tc using high-performance liquid chromatography and membrane
      associated blood group antigen testing. Proteins shed from human erythrocytes in
      microwave fields (2450 MHz, CW) compared to sham-heating displayed a twofold
      increase in total protein mass released concomitant with the appearance of unique
      protein species during reverse-phase, hydrophobic interaction, and anion-exchange
      HPLC. These HPLC analyses indicate that microwaves result in the shedding of
      proteins which are relatively nonpolar and hydrophobic and which carry a net
      positive electrostatic charge compared to those released during sham-heat
      treatment. Assessment of 23 blood group antigens that represent integral protein
      markers on the erythrocyte cell surface indicates that microwave fields do not
      result in the exhaustive loss of these proteins. The class of proteins that is
      shed in response to microwave fields most likely is the loosely bound
      "peripheral" or extrinsic proteins associated with the exterior of the cell
      surface. Such proteins play a major role in the transduction of signals to
      integral membrane proteins which span the bilayer. That this class of proteins is
      susceptible to release by microwave fields is discussed in relation to microwave
      absorption at the cell surface by membrane-associated bound water, field
      interaction with dipolar side groups, and the disruption of divalent cation
      bridges known to stabilize peripheral membrane proteins.

PMID- 3375440
TI  - Recovery from potentially lethal damage and recruitment time of noncycling
      clonogenic cells in 9L confluent monolayers and spheroids.
AB  - Cells that have been grown as multicell tumor spheroids exhibit radioresistance
      compared to the same cells grown in monolayers. Comparison of potentially lethal
      damage (PLD) repair and its kinetics was made between 9L cells grown as spheroids
      and confluent monolayers. Survival curves of cells plated immediately after
      irradiation showed the typical radioresistance associated with spheroid culture
      compared to plateau-phase monolayers. The dose-modification factor for spheroid
      cell survival is 1.44. Postirradiation incubations in normal phosphate-buffered
      saline (PBS), conditioned media, or 0.5 M NaCl in PBS reduced the differences in
      radiosensitivity between the two culture conditions. Postirradiation treatment in
      PBS or conditioned medium promoted repair of potentially lethal damage, and 0.5 M
      NaCl prevented the removal of PLD and allowed the fixation of damage resulting in
      lower survival. Survival of spheroid and monolayer cells after hypertonic NaCl
      treatment was identical. NaCl treatment reduced Do more than it did the shoulder
      (Dq) of the survival curve. PLD repair kinetics measured after postirradiation
      incubation in PBS followed by hypertonic NaCl treatment was the same for
      spheroids and for plateau-phase monolayers. The kinetics of PLD repair indicates
      a biphasic phenomenon. There is an initial fast component with a repair half-time
      of 7.9 min and a slow component with a repair half-time of 56.6 min. Most of the
      damage (59%) is repaired slowly. Since the repair capacity and kinetics are the
      same for spheroids and monolayers, the radioresistance of spheroids cannot be
      explained on this basis. Evidence indicates that the time to return from a Go
      (noncycling G1 cells) state to a proliferative state (recruitment) for cells from
      confluent monolayers and from spheroids after dissociation by protease treatment
      may be the most important determinant of the degree of PLD repair that occurs.
      Growth curves and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis indicate that spheroid cells
      have a lag period for reentry into a proliferative state. Since plating
      efficiency remains high and unchanging during this period, one cannot account for
      the delay on the basis of the existence of a large fraction of Go cells which are
      not potentially clonogenic. The cell cycle progression begins in 6-8 h for
      monolayer cells and in 14-15 h for spheroids. It is hypothesized that the slower
      reentry of spheroid cells into a cycling phase allows more time for repair than
      for the rapidly proliferating monolayer cells.

PMID- 3375441
TI  - Emesis, radiation exposure, and local cerebral blood flow in the ferret.
AB  - We examined the sensitivity of the ferret to emetic stimuli and the effect of
      radiation exposure near the time of emesis on local cerebral blood flow. Ferrets
      vomited following the administration of either apomorphine (approx 45% of the
      ferrets tested) or peptide YY (approx 36% of those tested). Exposure to radiation
      was a very potent emetic stimulus, but vomiting could be prevented by restraint
      of the hindquarters of the ferret. Local cerebral blood flow was measured using a
      quantitative autoradiographic technique and with the exception of several regions
      in the telencephalon and cerebellum, local cerebral blood flow in the ferret was
      similar to that in the rat. In animals with whole-body exposure to moderate
      levels of radiation (4 Gy of 137Cs), mean arterial blood pressure was similar to
      that in the control group. However, 15-25 min following irradiation there was a
      general reduction of local cerebral blood flow ranging from 7 to 33% of that in
      control animals. These cerebral blood flow changes likely correspond to a reduced
      activation of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3375442
TI  - Gamma endonuclease of Micrococcus luteus: action on irradiated DNA.
AB  - Gamma endonuclease is a Mg2+-independent enzyme of Micrococcus luteus that
      recognizes and cleaves DNA at a variety of altered pyrimidines produced by
      ionizing radiation. The production of enzyme-recognizable sites (ERS) by ionizing
      radiation under different irradiation conditions was measured. Ionizing radiation
      produced the greatest number of ERS when irradiations were performed under anoxic
      conditions in the presence of the free radical scavenger KI. Since dihydrothymine
      is a major pyrimidine lesion produced in DNA during anoxic irradiation, the
      ability of gamma endonuclease to excise this lesion was assessed. Dihydrothymine
      was released from DNA irradiated under anoxic conditions in a radiation dose
      dependent manner, consistent with gamma endonuclease's known DNA glycosylase
      activity. Gamma endonuclease was also shown to cleave heavily uv-irradiated DNA.
      When the sequence specificity of gamma-endonuclease cleavage was studied using uv
      irradiated DNA, cleavage was seen specifically at cytosines. The identity of this
      enzyme-recognizable cytosine photoproduct is not known.

PMID- 3375443
TI  - Recovery of murine lens epithelial cells from single and fractionated doses of X
      rays and neutrons.
AB  - Subpopulations of mouse lens epithelial cells, differing in proliferative status,
      were irradiated with either X rays or fission spectrum neutrons given singly or
      in four weekly fractions. After various times, epithelia were mitogenically
      stimulated by wounding and DNA synthesis responses were determined by
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine. At 1 h following both X and neutron irradiations,
      significant suppression of the wound response after single doses and a sparing
      effect of fractionation were evident in both the mitotically quiescent and the
      slowly proliferating subpopulations. At 1 week following single or fractionated
      doses of both radiations, recovery was evident in both subpopulations. By 4
      weeks, the quiescent subpopulation showed significant recovery after both single
      and fractionated doses of X rays or neutrons. In contrast, a marked decreased
      ability to respond after neutron irradiation and, in addition, a significant
      enhancement effect of neutron fractionation were observed for the slowly
      proliferating subpopulation. Per gray, neutrons were about 7.5 times more
      effective than X rays as a single dose and 25 times more effective in four equal
      fractions. The shift from an initial sparing to a final enhancing effect of
      neutron fractionation for the slowly proliferating subpopulation has importance
      for understanding divergent early and late radiation responses following dose
      fractionation.

PMID- 3375444
TI  - Changes in X-ray sensitivity and glutathione content of human colon tumor cells
      after exposure to the differentiation-inducing agent sodium butyrate.
AB  - Clone A human colon cancer cells were exposed to concentrations of sodium
      butyrate (NAB, 0-2 mM) for three passages in vitro, and responses to either
      graded single doses or split doses of 250 kVp X rays were determined. The
      survival data were fit to the single-hit, multitarget model of inactivation. For
      the graded single dose experiments, we found that NAB produced a decrease in the
      magnitude of the quasi-threshold (Dq) parameter after a concentration of about
      0.9 mM was exceeded. Similarly, in split dose experiments, the amount of
      sublethal damage recovery (SLDR) was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner
      as shown by a decrease in the Dq parameter. However, the inhibition of SLDR
      occurred with no apparent threshold NAB concentration. NAB did not affect
      potentially lethal damage recovery. Paradoxically, increasing concentrations of
      NAB produced an exponential increase in the intracellular glutathione content,
      which could be blocked by exposure of the cells to buthionine sulfoximine (BSO).
      BSO treatment of NAB-adapted cells led to additional cell killing, again most
      noted by changes in the Dq parameter. We postulate that these responses are
      associated with NAB-induced changes in chromatin structure, particularly the
      association between DNA and nucleosomal histones H3 and H4.

PMID- 3375445
TI  - Oncogenic transformation by fractionated doses of neutrons.
AB  - Oncogenic transformation was assayed after C3H 10T1/2 cells were irradiated with
      monoenergetic neutrons; cells were exposed to 0.23-, 0.35-, 0.45-, 5.9-, and 13.7
      MeV neutrons given singly or in five equal fractions over 8 h. At the
      biologically effective neutron energy of 0.45 MeV, enhancement of transformation
      was evident with some small fractionated doses (below 1 Gy). When transformation
      was examined as a function of neutron energy at 0.5 Gy, enhancement was seen for
      cells exposed to three of the five energies (0.35, 0.45, and 5.9 MeV).
      Enhancement was greatest for cells irradiated with 5.9-MeV neutrons. Of the
      neutron energies examined, 5.9-MeV neutrons had the lowest dose-averaged lineal
      energy and linear energy transfer. This suggests that enhancement of
      transformation by fractionated low doses of neutrons may be radiation-quality
      dependent.

PMID- 3375446
TI  - Characterization of radiation-induced emesis in the ferret.
AB  - Forty-eight ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were individually head-shielded and
      radiated with bilateral 60Co gamma radiation at 100 cGy min-1 at doses ranging
      between 49 and 601 cGy. The emetic threshold was observed at 69 cGy, the ED50 was
      calculated at 77 cGy, and 100% incidence of emesis occurred at 201 cGy. With
      increasing doses of radiation, the latency to first emesis after radiation
      decreased dramatically, whereas the duration of the prodromal period increased.
      Two other sets of experiments suggest that dopaminergic mechanisms play a minor
      role in radiation-induced emesis in the ferret. Twenty-two animals were injected
      either intravenously or subcutaneously with 30 to 300 micrograms/kg of
      apomorphine. Fewer than 50% of the animals vomited to 300 micrograms/kg
      apomorphine; central dopaminergic receptor activation was apparent at all doses.
      Another eight animals received 1 mg/kg domperidone prior to either 201 (n = 4) or
      401 (n = 4) cGy radiation and their emetic responses were compared with NaCl
      injected-irradiated controls (n = 8). At 201 cGy, domperidone significantly
      reduced only the total time in emetic behavior. At 401 cGy, domperidone had no
      salutary effect on radiation-induced emesis. The emetic responses of the ferret
      to radiation and apomorphine are compared with these responses in other vomiting
      species.

PMID- 3375447
TI  - Imaging strategies in MRI.

PMID- 3375448
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis and the life of the soul (by Hannah A. Rendt)].

PMID- 3375449
TI  - [Convexity meningioma?].

PMID- 3375450
TI  - Immunomodulation of neoplasia.

PMID- 3375451
TI  - Human placental 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase activity is under fetal
      genetic control.
AB  - Placental 15-hydroxy-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH type I) was measured in 33
      placentae obtained from 1 trizygotic, 7 dizygotic and 8 monozygotic pregnancies.
      PGDH activity ranged from 0.33 to 4.62 nmol PGF2 alpha metabolized per mg
      placental protein per min, which was within the range observed in singleton
      pregnancies. Expressing PGDH activity per mg DNA, offered no advantage over
      expressing it per mg total protein. PGDH activity differed significantly between
      the placentae of 6 of the 9 genetically non-identical placental pairs. The
      placentae of genetically identical twins, on the other hand, showed no difference
      in PGDH activity between the pairs. The data indicate that the genetic
      constitution of the fetus determines placental PGDH activity. They also provide
      us with the first evidence that the variation in prostaglandin catabolizing
      capacity of the human placenta is not entirely dictated by the maternal endocrine
      environment, but is under fetal control.

PMID- 3375452
TI  - Profiling of bisenoic prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 in bronchoalveolar fluid
      from the lower respiratory tract of human subjects by combined capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry.
AB  - Methods for the profiling of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),
      prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), 15(S),9 alpha,11 beta-trihydroxyprosta
      5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha
      (6kPGF1 alpha), and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids
      from human subjects by combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      are described. Aliquots (5 ml) of BAL fluid obtained using a standardized lavage
      protocol were extracted on octadecylsilyl silica cartridges after addition of 0.8
      to 2.0 nanograms of tetradeuterated analogs of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6kPGF1 alpha
      as internal standards. Eluted analytes and internal standards were prepared for
      vapor phase analysis by sequential reactions resulting in the formation of
      methyloxime-pentafluorobenzyl ester-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The
      derivatized analytes were detected by simultaneous monitoring of ions at six
      different masses characteristic for each of the derivatized prostanoids. The
      samples were of adequate purity for identification and quantitation of each of
      the prostanoids with detection limits of 0.1 to 0.2 picograms of each analyte per
      milliliter of BAL fluid. The time required for analysis of each sample was
      approximately 30 minutes. Standard curves of unlabeled species of the six
      prostanoids extracted after addition to BAL fluid were linear over a range from
      subpicogram to nanogram quantities. The differences between the amounts of
      prostanoid added and the amounts of prostanoid measured were typically less than
      19%, and the intra-assay coefficients of variation for repeated measurements of a
      single sample were less than 20%. PGE2, PGD2, PGF2 alpha, and TxB2 were
      detectable in BAL fluids from normal subjects with levels of each of these
      compounds being less than 2.6 picograms/ml. BAL fluids from patients with lung
      disease presented qualitative and quantitative profiles of prostanoids markedly
      different than those from normal subjects. These analytical methods provide a
      basis for in vivo comparisons of prostanoid profiles in the lower respiratory
      tract of man and should be readily adaptable for use in a variety of clinical
      studies.

PMID- 3375453
TI  - Inhibition of the human placental NAD- and NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenases by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
AB  - A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are non-competitive or mixed
      inhibitors of human placental NAD- and NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenases. Cis- and trans-sulindac sulfide and cis- and trans-sulindac
      inhibit the NAD-linked enzyme as well or better than they inhibit various
      cyclooxygenases in vitro. The remainder of the compounds tested are at least one
      order of magnitude less effective as inhibitors of the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin
      dehydrogenases than they are as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases. Cis- and trans
      sulindac sulfide are sufficiently strong inhibitors of the NAD-linked enzyme (Kis
      of 7.8 microM and 6.8 microM respectively) to raise the possibility that they
      might also inhibit this enzyme in vivo.

PMID- 3375454
TI  - Secondary release of thromboxane A2 in aerosol leukotriene C4-induced
      bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.
AB  - Effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) on bronchoconstriction
      induced by aerosol leukotriene C4 and histamine was studied in anesthetized,
      artificially ventilated guinea pigs in order to examine whether secondary release
      of thromboxane A2 is produced by aerosol leukotriene C4 or not. 0.01-1.0
      micrograms/ml of leukotriene C4 and 12.5-400 micrograms/ml of histamine inhaled
      from ultrasonic nebulizer developed for small animals caused dose-dependent
      increase of pressure at airway opening (Pao) which is considered to be an index
      representing bronchial response. Pretreatment of the animals with intravenous OKY
      046 (100mg/kg) significantly reduced the airway responses produced by inhalation
      of 0.1, 0.33 and 1.0 micrograms/ml of leukotriene C4, while the pretreatment did
      not affect the histamine dose-response curve. Based on these findings and
      previous reports (6,7), it is suggested that aerosol leukotriene C4 activates
      arachidonate cyclooxygenase pathway including thromboxane A2 synthesis and the
      released cyclooxygenase products have bronchodilating effect as a whole.

PMID- 3375455
TI  - [Free-floating attention].

PMID- 3375456
TI  - [On the problem of free-floating attention].

PMID- 3375457
TI  - [Suspending memory. A conversation with Claude Lanzmann].

PMID- 3375458
TI  - Treatment results of primary stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the
      stomach.
AB  - Gastric lymphoma in stage I or II was usually treated by partial gastrectomy and
      total abdominal irradiation in our institute since 1970. Since 1978, a number of
      patients were also treated without laparotomy, in clinical stage I with
      radiotherapy only and in clinical stage II with combined modality treatment.
      Treatment results of 58 patients are reported. A relapse-free survival rate of
      85% was reached for 24 patients treated with resection and irradiation either in
      stage I or II, and for seven patients in stage I who did not undergo surgery. For
      these patients, survival in stage I was 85%, in stage II, however, survival
      dropped to 60% due to intercurrent deaths. Seven stage II2 patients received
      intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy with 58% relapse-free survival. Twenty
      patients could not be treated according to the outlined treatment protocol. For
      the total group, survival in stage I is 65% and in stage II 35%. In the Addendum,
      an additional group of 17 patients is mentioned with the same result.

PMID- 3375459
TI  - Discrepancies in dose and dose specification in interstitial implants.
AB  - The first step in the execution of an interstitial implant is the decision on
      size and location of the target volume. Several implant systems, e.g. the
      Paterson-Parker system and the Paris system, give instructions for the optimal
      arrangement of sources to assure that the planned target volume is adequately
      covered. They also give guidelines to calculate the reference dose rate
      encompassing the planned target volume. These systems provide different solutions
      for the source arrangement for the same planned target volume, and vice versa,
      resulting in different reference dose rates. The problem of dose specification is
      discussed. For a number of theoretical implants predicted reference dose rates
      for the planned target volume were compared with the computer calculated dose
      rates for that volume. Discrepancies increase when moderate digressions from the
      adopted implant system rules are allowed, such as could commonly occur
      clinically. For a number of examples the degree of change in dose rate, if over
      10%, and the position where this deviation is likely to occur are described. For
      optimal results the clinician should be well aware of these variations.

PMID- 3375460
TI  - Human tumour cell kinetics using a monoclonal antibody against iododeoxyuridine:
      intratumour sampling variations.
AB  - Cell kinetic parameters in human tumours were determined by in vivo labelling
      with iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) followed by flow cytometric analysis of tumour
      biopsies after staining with a monoclonal antibody against IUdR-DNA. The purpose
      of this study was to determine the variation in these kinetic parameters from
      area to area within the same tumour. Each patient received a single i.v.
      injection of IUdR and the biopsy or operation specimen was taken several hours
      later. Multiple biopsies were taken or the operation specimen was cut into
      several pieces. Tumour material was stored in ethanol. Each piece was
      subsequently processed and stained for analysis separately. The duration of DNA
      synthesis (Ts), the labelling index (L.I., percent IUdR-labelled cells) and the
      potential doubling time (Tpot) were determined for each sample. The mean and
      standard deviation (variation between pieces) for each parameter was calculated
      for each tumour. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) provided the measure of
      intratumoural variation. Thirteen tumours were investigated, 6 of which were
      transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and 7 of which were squamous cell
      carcinomas, mostly of the head and neck. Ts values ranged from 4.1 to 17.2 h
      (mean 9.5 h), L.I. values from 1.6 to 18.6% (mean 9.7%) and Tpot values from 2.3
      to 15.1 days (mean 7.2 days). Mean C.V.s for Ts, L.I. and Tpot were 10, 24 and
      27%, respectively. Most of the variation in Tpot (calculated from the other two
      parameters), came from the L.I., with Ts showing much less intratumoural
      variations. It is concluded that this kinetic method using low IUdR doses can be
      successfully applied in human tumours and has sufficient accuracy for predictive
      assay applications in which tumours need to be classified according to their
      proliferation rates. Further developments are required to distinguish normal and
      malignant cells flow cytometrically, particularly for diploid tumours.

PMID- 3375461
TI  - Bladder damage in mice after combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and X-rays.
      The influence of timing and sequence.
AB  - The response of the mouse bladder to single doses of cyclophosphamide (CY), X
      rays, or their combination was assessed from the development of functional damage
      (haematuria and increased frequency of urination). For the combined treatments, a
      single dose of CY (100 mg.kg-1) was given immediately before or at intervals of
      up to 9 months before irradiation, or at one week to 9 months after irradiation.
      Damage after X-rays alone was expressed late, with no functional changes earlier
      than 5 months. CY alone, by contrast, caused a marked increase in urination
      frequency and haematuria within one week. There was subsequently partial recovery
      although some residual damage persisted for at least one year. CY given before or
      after X-rays caused an early, X-ray dose-related expression of damage. These
      results suggest that the drug precipitated some of the latent radiation injury.
      There was also a second wave of damage after the combined treatments and the
      response at 9-12 months was always more severe than after X-rays alone. This
      increased late damage could be explained in terms of additive drug and radiation
      toxicities. Since drug given up to 9 months before or after irradiation caused
      more severe bladder damage than X-rays alone, CY should be avoided in clinical
      situations where the bladder has been irradiated.

PMID- 3375462
TI  - The use of the D versus dD plot to estimate the alpha/beta ratio from iso-effect
      radiation damage data.
AB  - In studies of radiation damage, the parameter alpha/beta of the linear-quadratic
      (LQ) model is usually estimated from iso-effect data by plotting the iso-effect
      doses in a so-called Fe-plot, which is a plot of the inverse total dose versus
      dose per fraction. This method, however, is statistically not well founded. A
      better, but relatively complex technique to estimate the alpha/beta ratio was
      described by Tucker. The present contribution shows that results, virtually
      identical to the ones of Tucker can be obtained in a very simple way if the iso
      effect doses are plotted as total dose Dn versus the product of dose per fraction
      and total dose, Dndn. A reliable estimator of the alpha/beta ratio consists then
      of the negative inverse slope of the linear-regression line in this plot. The
      presentation of iso-effect data in such a D-dD plot highlights deviations from
      the LQ model more clearly than does the Fe-plot. It is therefore suggested to use
      the D-dD plot as a quick and easy graphical scheme to obtain an estimate of
      alpha/beta.

PMID- 3375463
TI  - First clinical experience with a remote afterloading system for low dose rate
      interstitial breast implants.
AB  - A new remote afterloading system, developed for low or medium dose rate
      brachytherapy has been clinically evaluated. With this apparatus, the Micro
      Selectron, up to 15 192Ir wires or seeds encapsulated in a plastic tubing can be
      loaded simultaneously into implants. Improved radiological protection for the
      medical staff has now been achieved with this apparatus. One hundred and sixty
      patients have been treated so far with breast implants using remote afterloading.
      The mean error frequency over the last year was about one error every 10
      treatments of which about half could be considered as machine failures. All
      treatments could, however, be finished by using spare channels of the
      afterloader. We have found that a set of 45 source assemblies is adequate for the
      loading of the breast-needle implants performed in our institute. Every 6 to 8
      weeks a new set of 192Ir sources is prepared.

PMID- 3375464
TI  - 14C-labeling of bromobutide, 2-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-N-(alpha, alpha
      dimethylbenzyl)butyramide.
AB  - Bromobutide, a novel herbicide, was labeled with carbon-14 independently at the
      carbonyl group and the phenyl ring for use in metabolic studies. 14C-Carbonation
      of neopentylmagnesium chloride (3) gave 3,3-dimethyl[1-14C]butyric acid (4a)
      quantitatively. Chlorination of 4a with thionyl chloride followed by alpha
      bromination with bromine yielded 2-bromo-3,3-dimethyl[1-14C]-butyryl halide (5a),
      which was subsequently condensed with alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzylamine (6a) to
      afford [carbonyl-14C]bromobutide (1a). The overall yield of 1a was 76% from
      barium [14C]-carbonate (2). Similarly, condensation of alpha, alpha
      dimethyl[phenyl-14C]benzylamine (6b), which was prepared from alpha-methyl[phenyl
      U-14C]styrene (7) in three steps, with 2-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutyryl halide (5b)
      gave [phenyl-14C]bromobutide (1b) in 67% yield after purification. The specific
      activities of 1a and 1b were 1.38 and 0.781 GBq/mmol (37.2 and 21.1 mCi/mmol),
      respectively.

PMID- 3375465
TI  - A direct radioimmunoassay for serum 11-deoxycortisol.
AB  - A simple direct radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol in serum is described. A
      new type of bridge heterologous 125I labeled 11-deoxycortisol was prepared and
      was applied to the direct radioimmunoassay. Low and high levels of 11
      deoxycortisol in serum were sensitively determined by the direct
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 3375466
TI  - On the factors influencing the dispersion of radioiodines.
AB  - Radioactivities dispersed from 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions of 123I, 125I, or
      131I were measured, and the factors influencing dispersion of radioiodines were
      analyzed. The radioiodines dispersed were trapped by glass fiber filters,
      charcoal filters, and separable paint. The factors influencing the dispersion of
      radioiodines are discussed in terms of the dispersal rate, which defined as the
      ratio of total activity of three kinds of traps in a unit time to whole activity.
      In order to clarify the factors influencing the dispersal rate, we carried out
      the experiments; on the effect of reducing agent, that of radioactive
      concentration of radioiodine, that of mixing the 125I solution with 131I, and
      that of scavenging hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals. It could be
      concluded from experimental results that the principal factors influencing
      dispersion of radioiodines are the number of atoms of radioiodine per volume and
      the energy absorbed in solution from radioiodines. In regard to the absorbed
      energy, we thought that the dispersion of radioiodines is influenced mainly by
      hydrated electron, not markedly by hydroxyl radical.

PMID- 3375467
TI  - [Dry-distillation of experimental animal wastes containing radioisotopes].
AB  - Mice were dry-distilled at 800 degrees C for 10 min, after [32P]orthophosphate or
      L-[4,5-3H]leucine was intraperitoneally administered. Phosphorus-32 was
      quantitatively recovered in the residual solid, whereas 95% of 3H was found int
      he distillate (condensed water). When 14C (L-[U-14C]malic acid or L-[U
      14C]leucine) was administered to mice and they were dry-distilled, 14C
      radioactivity was distributed into two fractions; residual solid and exhaust gas.
      In these cases, the recovery percentage of 14C in residual solid was not very
      high but increased as the treating temperature decreased. It reached about 40% of
      the administered 14C at 400 degrees C for 120 min. By the dry-distillation of
      animals, their weight was reduced to about 10% in every animal tested (mice, rats
      and rabbits). The volume was reduced to about 20% in cases of mice and rats, and
      about 30% in case of rabbits. It was concluded that the dry-distillation can be
      useful as a pre-treatment for disposal of animal wastes containing radioisotopes.

PMID- 3375468
TI  - [The measurement of parathyroid hormone in sera of hemodialysis patients with
      renal insufficiency by employing the various kinds of parathyroid hormone kits].
AB  - This study focussed on elucidating difference of blood PTH levels, by employing
      the various kinds of PTH kits. We carried out the measurements of PTH levels in
      sera of the hemodialysis patients with renal insufficiency presumably inactivated
      PTH degradative regulation in kidney. Our results showed the remarkable
      significant relationships among blood PTH levels of carboxyl and mid-region PTH
      and intact PTH in hemodialysis patients and was deduced that the difference of
      PTH levels by using various kinds of PTH kits was responsible of PTH cleavage
      effect in the kidney.

PMID- 3375469
TI  - [Introduction to the experiments of genetic engineering. IV. cDNA library (1):
      Principles and applications].

PMID- 3375471
TI  - [Idiopathic myelofibrosis. Radiological aspects of bone changes].
AB  - Idiopathic myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative disease characterized by
      skeletal lesions (30 to 70% of cases). We considered 49 patients with idiopathic
      myelofibrosis treated between 1972 and 1986 at the Institutes of Hematology and
      Radiotherapy, University of Bologna. Only 19 of these patients underwent
      roentgenographic skeletal surveys, associated with whole body bone scintigraphy
      in 4 cases, and with CT in 1 case. The most common bone change, as seen in 12
      patients, was osteosclerosis, following two distinct patterns: pure, and mixed.
      Other types of bone involvement (osteoporosis and pure osteolysis) were seen in 2
      cases only; in 5 patients radiological skeletal examinations did not show
      meaningful lesions. Conventional radiology is hardly ever conclusive in the
      diagnosis of idiopathic myelofibrosis. This is due partly to the often moderate
      degree of bone involvement, partly to the scanty specificity of the findings.
      However, a careful examination of the plain roentgenographs, completed when
      possible by other more recent imaging techniques, may be very important towards a
      more precise definition of the disease and, in some cases, for a correct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 3375470
TI  - [Evaluation of postoperative hepatobiliary function by deconvolution analysis of
      hepatobiliary image data by 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan].
AB  - Dynamic hepatobiliary image data were analyzed by the mathematical deconvolution
      to derive the transfer function (TF) which represents the impulse response
      function of the liver following direct bolus injection of a tracer into the
      liver. Biliary flow was evaluated by TF in patients with previous hepatobiliary
      surgery to detect abnormal flow causing problems such as cholangitis. Serial
      image data were collected for 60 min after intravenous injection of 37-75 MBq (1
      2 mCi) of 99mTc-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan (99mTc-PMT). TF was obtained by
      the matrix algorithm, using regional hepatogram as output and time-activity curve
      over the heart as input function. Minimum, mean and maximum transit time (Max.
      TT) were determined from TF. The functional image for each of the transit times
      was constructed by displaying the distribution of the values for matrix elements
      with a color scale. In this study, a critical Max. TT of 60 min was used to
      detect abnormal biliary flow. Of 30 cases, 9 positive cases were discriminated
      from 21 negative cases on the basis of the finding of presence or absence of
      areas with Max. TT of more than 60 min anywhere in the liver. Bowel activity
      overlapping the liver was excluded in the judgment. The validity of this method
      was evaluated in comparison with the clinical courses after surgery with (8
      cases) or without (22 cases) problems. The results were sensitivity of 88%,
      specificity of 91%, accuracy of 90% and positive predictive value of
      78%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375472
TI  - [The role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of postoperative
      intervertebral diskitis].
AB  - Six patients with diskitis following lumbar disk surgery were investigated by
      Computed Tomography (CT). Four patients underwent CT in a rather early phase of
      the disease (5-37 days after the onset of the symptoms): a posterior
      paravertebral fluid collection was always recognized, while the plain film was
      normal. Later on (2-4 months), the classical signs of diskitis were evident, with
      both CT and the plain film. The collection was always present at CT. A
      reintervention, performed on 3 patients, revealed the purulent content of the
      collections. It seems reasonable to suggest a relationship between the collection
      and the subsequent diskitis; the collection is probably an early sign of the
      disease. Its detection is of great value, because it could allow an immediate and
      adequate therapy. The authors stress the usefulness of performing CT in an early
      phase on this kind of symptomatic patients.

PMID- 3375473
TI  - [Computerized tomography of the spine in the evaluation of multiple myeloma].
AB  - Computed Tomography (CT) of the spine was performed on 17 patients with myeloma
      in order to assess the role of the technique in recognizing and evaluating the
      extent of the lesions. Myelomatous lesions followed two patterns at CT: first of
      all, multiple focal lesions, whose density is either solid, liquid, or fatty;
      second, an extensive pattern involving the spongiosa of the vertebra, including
      the posterior arch. CT detected more lesions than conventional radiology;
      furthermore, the extent of the lesions was much better demonstrated by CT. CT
      should thus be performed: a) in case of pain and/or neurological findings in
      negative radiological examinations; b) to evaluate the extent of myelomatous
      lesions (mainly in the spine); c) in solitary myeloma CT may be performed on
      different bone segments with clinical symptomatology but normal X-ray findings.

PMID- 3375474
TI  - [Radiodiagnosis of thymomas].
AB  - On the ground of the clinical experience gained on thymomas observed during the
      last decade and controlled by histopathology at the National Cancer Institute of
      Milan, the authors report and describe the typical morphology of the above
      neoplasms, which were studied with both the conventional and the most advanced
      imaging procedures. First of all, the authors point out the common problems of
      differential diagnosis with other lesions in the anterior mediastinum, with a
      special emphasis on lymphomas. Attention is also drawn to both the diagnostic and
      therapeutic value of conventional radiotomographic procedures combined with CT
      and MRI: in particular, the former can provide an extremely valuable diagnostic
      support to fine needle biopsy. In the authors' opinion, explorative surgery--e.g.
      mediastinal endoscopy-is immediately advisable when an unquestionable diagnosis
      is not reached even after a most rational combination of the different imaging
      procedures.

PMID- 3375476
TI  - [Diagnosis by imaging of secondary neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract].
AB  - Secondary neoplasms involving the alimentary tract are not common. This work is
      aimed at evaluating their characteristic roentgenological features, providing,
      when possible, the criteria for discriminating secondary from primary lesions.
      Forty-five patients with secondary neoplasms of the alimentary tract were
      examined by conventional radiology, ultrasonography and CT. Both CT and US are
      highly accurate in such cases, since these lesions are displayed directly.
      However, double-contrast gastrointestinal examination must be performed, because
      it indirectly demonstrates both intrinsic and extrinsic lesions, thus providing
      all elements for a correct local staging.

PMID- 3375475
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic role of angiography in acute vascular insufficiency
      of the superior mesenteric artery].
AB  - Sixteen patients were studied with acute arterial ischemia of the superior
      mesenteric artery: 2 thrombosis, 8 embolisms, and 6 non-occlusive ischemias. Six
      patients had intra-arterial selective perfusion of papaverine. Angiographic
      patterns of acute arterial ischemia of the superior mesenteric artery are
      described. The technique of intra-arterial injection of papaverine (fast bolus
      followed, if needed, by slow perfusion) is also described. The diagnostic value
      of plain abdominal radiography and arteriography, and the therapeutical value of
      pharmacoangiography are discussed.

PMID- 3375477
TI  - [Indications for enteroclysis. Retrospective study on 365 patients].
AB  - Small-bowel enema was performed in 536 patients referred for suspected
      malabsorption, enteritis, abdominal pain or obstruction. Lesions were found in
      54% of cases. The positivity of the investigation was particularly high in
      clinically well-defined cases, such as suspected obstruction (80%) and enteritis
      (72%). The main indications and criteria of application of the investigation are
      discussed.

PMID- 3375478
TI  - [Optimization of the radiographic technic in parotid sialography. Experimental
      findings and clinical evaluation of the selection of the film-screen
      combination].
AB  - A suitable choice of film-screen combination is certainly the essential condition
      for achieving diagnostically reliable results together with the benefit of a low
      dosage for the patient. In parotid sialography, the choice of one particular film
      screen combination depends on the different thickness of various glandular areas
      and on the particular anatomical site of the gland which inevitably causes the
      superimposition of the thinnest canalicular ducts with the adjacent areas. We
      have therefore performed an experimental-clinical study in order to evaluate the
      combination which can guarantee the most elevated diagnostic increase. The
      analysis of the results shows useful indication as far as the use of mammographic
      systems is concerned. These allow more diagnostic information together with a
      sufficiently low dosage for the patient.

PMID- 3375479
TI  - [Simplified micturitional cystourethrography in female urinary incontinence].
AB  - A new technique of mictional cystourethrography has been developed. The
      examination is performed with the patient sitting on a radiolucent chair with the
      feet high on a footstool, in order to avoid the superimposition of the femoral
      heads in the lateral projection. Fifty patients were examined, 26 of whom were
      continent and 24 incontinent. The technique allowed the evaluation of the site of
      the bladder neck, of vesico-urethral angles, and of the urethra. The
      investigation made it possible to obtain accurate information on the position of
      the vesical floor relative to the inferior margins of the obturator foramina. It
      was thus possible to correlate the position of the bladder floor with the
      clinical symptomatology: in our experience the position of the bladder floor was
      higher in incontinent that in continent patients. A low position of the bladder
      baseplate was usually associated with incontinence. Other parameters turned out
      to be less specific. This paper emphasizes the simplicity and the reproducibility
      of our technique, which allows a reduction of X-ray exposure dose.

PMID- 3375480
TI  - [Mammographic diagnosis based on oblique projection. Personal experience].
AB  - It is widely known that an early detection of breast cancer, when still
      asymptomatic, can improve the prognosis. Screening is thus suggested, and
      mammography should be the methodology of choice. Therefore, we tried to evaluate
      the best mammographic approach to the screening of breast cancer. Since January
      1st, 1986, we have changed our mammographic procedures: the results obtained have
      been compared with those previously acquired. Through the evaluation of the
      different parameters we observed that: 1) the best results in patients screened
      for the first time can be obtained by using the cranio-caudal and the oblique
      mammographic views; 2) in the follow-up the oblique view can be used alone--which
      must then be compared with the oblique view of the first exam. This new
      mammographic approach makes it possible for us to reduce the exposure-dose to the
      patient and to the population, as well as the time and the cost of the screening.
      Moreover, the number of examinations can be increased by 20%. These results are
      extremely interesting, since mammography is now as sensitive as ever.

PMID- 3375481
TI  - [Radiologic evaluation of the articulation of the manubrium and sternal body.
      Technical aspects].

PMID- 3375482
TI  - [Characteristics of screen-film systems for mammography in relation to a diverse
      modality of treatment].

PMID- 3375483
TI  - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Description of a case].

PMID- 3375484
TI  - [Rectal condylomatosis. Description of a case].

PMID- 3375485
TI  - [Cavernous angioma of the liver with arterio-portal shunt].

PMID- 3375486
TI  - [Localized amyloidosis of the ureters].

PMID- 3375487
TI  - [Use of magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired
      cardiopathies. Preliminary note].
AB  - The authors describe their personal experience using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
      (MRI) in the evaluation of cardio-vascular diseases. MRI made it possible to
      obtain multiplanar anatomical images of the cardio-vascular system without X-rays
      and conventional contrast medium. MRI supplied with indirect flow evaluation,
      too. MRI was particularly useful in the assessment of congenital heart diseases,
      since it shows the heart chambers and the great vessels at the same time and in
      the different phases of cardiac revolution. MRI was also useful in the evaluation
      of many acquired heart diseases, such as myocardium diseases, valve diseases,
      myocardial ischemias, pericardium diseases. Moreover, MRI correctly showed aortic
      aneurysms. In all the 55 patients examined, it was possible to obtain a good
      definition of the cardiac structures, especially when "cardiac gating" was
      employed. In the 3 ventricular and in the 5 atrial defects, the dimensions of the
      defect and the dilatation of the involved cardiac chambers were precisely
      assessed. In the 6 aortic coarctations, MRI evaluated the level and the grade of
      the stenosis, with consequent definition of the anatomic type. Moreover,
      collateral circulation and dilatation before and/or after the stenosis were
      evident. In all the 7 complex cardiopathies examined (3 Fallot tetralogies, 1
      Fallot pentalogy, 1 aortic cervical arch, and 2 Ebstein diseases) MRI
      demonstrated each single anomaly of the malformations, at both cardiac and
      vascular levels. In 2 patients with atrial fibrillation, MRI visualized
      endoatrial thrombi. In the 7 patients with previous myocardial infarction, the
      site of ischemia was depicted as a thinning of the wall, while the remaining
      myocardium appeared hypertrophic. MRI correctly demonstrated all thoracic aorta
      aneurysms, even in a case where both CT and angiography were negative, due to the
      aneurysm being thrombosed. Mural thrombi were evident with both MRI and CT, but
      not always visible with angiography. In the 5 dissected aneurysms, MRI--like CT-
      assessed the origin of the dissection, and the dimensions of the true and false
      lumen; moreover, it indirectly evaluated the slow and turbulent blood flow within
      the true lumen, and the presence of thrombi in the false lumen.

PMID- 3375488
TI  - [Magnetic resonance of the thoracic aorta].
AB  - Various pathological conditions of the thoracic aorta were studied by MR Imaging
      in 31 patients: 23 were aneurysms (branching and non-branching), 2 arterio-venous
      fistulae, 2 aortic prostheses, 2 Marfan's syndromes, 1 coronary sinus aneurysm,
      and 1 isthmic stenosis. MRI studies were always performed on patients who had
      been examined by other imaging procedures. A comparative study was carried out on
      the results of MRI, angiography, computerized tomography, and ultrasounds. The
      possibility of propedeutic protocol was explored. Our experience, in accordance
      with the literature on the subject, indicates MRI as the procedure of choice in
      the study of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. The advantages offered by MRI--the
      high natural contrast between circulating blood and the supporting structures,
      the possibility of obtaining multiplanar images as well as data on intraluminal,
      parietal, and extraparietal conditions--make it a highly competitive procedure if
      compared to either CT or angiography. While awaiting further evidence, the use of
      a propedeutic protocol in non-aneurysmatic diseases is still not advisable, due
      to insufficient patient population, and to the lack of a consistent literature on
      the subject.

PMID- 3375489
TI  - [Prognostic value of the equivalents of transitory myocardial ischemia evaluated
      by exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy in an ambulatory population of
      367 patients with a maximum 5-year follow-up].
AB  - From 1-1-1981 to 3-31-1985, 367 subjects (227 males and 140 females) were
      examined by means of TL-201 myocardial scintigraphy for diagnostic purpose. A
      follow-up period, 5 years maximum, was run in order to assess the prognostic
      value of the three equivalents of transient myocardial ischemia which can be
      demonstrated by the test (angina, reversible hypoperfusion, and ST-T segment
      changes). The end points were myocardial infarction and/or sudden death. Three
      hundred fifty-four patients complied (96%). During the observation period 9
      severe ischemic events (SIE) occurred: 5 myocardial infarctions and 4 sudden
      deaths. As far as the predictivity of SIE is concerned, the "t" test for
      independent samples showed a statistically significant difference between the
      group of patients with no signs of ischemia and the group with positive
      scintiscan (p less than 0.05) and with the three equivalents of ischemia all
      together (p less than 0.05). Moreover, in the sub-group of patients with
      pathological scintigraphic results the probability for SIE to occur was
      statistically different in the patients with no hypoperfusion in the region
      supplied by the anterior descending coronary artery and in those with
      pathological scintigraphic findings in that region (p less than 0.05). In our
      opinion, the above data demonstrate the pathological signs noticeable with stress
      myocardial TL-201 scintiscan to have prognostic value.

PMID- 3375490
TI  - [Magnetic resonance in the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms].
AB  - Eighteen patients affected by intra-cranial aneurysms, with size ranging from 3
      to 30 mm, were studied by means of MRI, CT, and angiography. MRI was performed
      using Spin-Echo (SE) sequences with different Repetition Times (TR) and Echo
      Times (TE), which allowed the characterization of the lesions in relation to the
      relaxation times. MRI could identify all the aneurysms. In 13 subjects the parent
      vessels could be seen. In 5 patients the aneurysms could be recognized only after
      angiography, due to their dimension (less than 4 mm). The "flow effects" and the
      presence of methemoglobin and hemosiderin in the thrombosed portion of the lumen
      allowed both the detection of flow abnormalities and the characterization of
      laminate intra-aneurysmal thrombosis. In conclusion, MRI appears to be a
      sensitive methodology in the detection of intracranial aneurysms, even more
      sensitive than CT and Angiography in characterizing this kind of lesions.

PMID- 3375491
TI  - [Chondrosarcoma of the bone. Differential pre- and postoperative diagnosis using
      magnetic resonance].
AB  - Twelve patients were studied by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in
      order to demonstrate either loco-regional recurrence of central chondrosarcomas
      or degenerative evolutions of exostoses. MRI findings were compared with plain
      film, scintigraphy, and Computed Tomography. MRI showed loco-regional recurrences
      by demonstrating their site, extent, and relationship with adjacent structures.
      In showing the degenerative evolution of exostoses MRI--confirmed at surgery--was
      superior to plain film in 3 cases out of 7, and to Computed Tomography in 2
      cases. The authors discuss MRI findings: chondrosarcomas have low-intensity
      signal in T1-weighted sequences and high-intensity signal in T2-weighted. Thanks
      to its high contrast resolution MRI always allowed the detection of the
      chondrosarcoma. Nevertheless, MRI did not allow the tumor grading--which is due
      either to a difficult evaluation of the morphology of neoplastic calcifications,
      or to non-specific-intensity signal.

PMID- 3375492
TI  - [The role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma].
AB  - Radiological diagnosis of osteoid-osteoma is based upon conventional radiographic
      techniques, i.e. plain film and tomography, scintigraphy and Computed Tomography
      (CT). The authors report on the use of CT in 13 patients affected by
      histologically verified osteoid-osteoma, in different locations, as related to
      their main clinical and epidemiological signs. A comparison is made of the
      diagnostic contribution of the different techniques, including scintigraphy and
      tomography, when available. CT results were evaluated referring to fundamental
      semiologic elements, such as the presence of the nidus--with or without
      calcifications--of perilesional sclerosis, hyperostosis and periosteosis. As a
      rule, we can affirm that CT allows a better spatial location in the
      metaphysodiaphyso-epiphyseal areas, the only exception being represented by
      location in the metacarpal and phalangeal bones, which are better evaluated in
      the axial plane due to their thinness. CT is otherwise indispensable for a
      correct evaluation of the posterior vertebral arch.

PMID- 3375493
TI  - [Ochronotic arthropathy in alkaptonuria. Radiological manifestations and
      physiopathological signs].
AB  - Alkaptonuria is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease, due to the lack of
      homogentisic acid oxidase. The following accumulation of homogentisic acid brings
      about a black discoloration of both the urine (alkaptonuria) and connective
      tissue (ochronosis). The ochronotic alterations into joint cartilages cause
      degenerative arthropathy and osteopenia. The radiological features of three
      unrelated cases of alkaptonuria are reported. Radiographic abnormalities of
      ochronotic arthropathy are found in both the spine and the extraspinal joints. In
      the spine, the progressive calcification and "vacuum" phenomenon of disc spaces
      are the most characteristic findings. Disc space narrowing is associated with
      calcification and marginal sclerosis of vertebral bodies and is accentuated by
      osteopenia. Osteophytes are usually absent or of small size; nevertheless
      progressive formation of marginal intervertebral bridges and obliteration of disc
      spaces at multiple levels ("pseudoblock vertebrae") may occur. In extraspinal
      sites, space narrowing, bone sclerosis and fragmentation may also be observed.
      Diagnosis of ochronotic arthropathy is often suggested by radiographs of the
      spine, and it is confirmed afterwards by clinical and laboratory findings. The
      characteristic radiological findings of ochronotic spondylitis, in the final
      stage, include narrowing of at least four lumbar disc spaces, associated with
      their calcification and "vacuum" phenomenon, "pseudoblock vertebrae", marginal
      sclerosis and osteopenia of vertebral bodies.

PMID- 3375494
TI  - [Computed arthrotomographic evaluation of chronic lesions of the cruciate
      ligaments].
AB  - The high incidence of cruciate ligament injuries as a result of acute knee trauma
      with hemarthrosis and abuse of diagnostic arthroscopies call for a suitable
      radiological imaging of the central pivot. Computed Arthrotomography (CAT) was
      used to examine the knee joint in 20 cases of clinically suspected chronic
      cruciate ligament injury. The images were correlated with arthroscopic and/or
      arthrotomic findings. Thirteen lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
      (65%) were found, plus 1 lesion of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) (5%), 2
      associated lesions of ACL + PCL (10%), and 4 normal cases. Confirmation of
      pathology was available in all cases but one by arthroscopy and/or surgery. The
      central pivot diseases were classified as follows: absence, detachment, partial
      or complete tear. CAT findings of cruciate ligament injuries are emphasized and
      the role of the technique as compared to arthroscopy is discussed. CAT is useful
      in 3-D evaluation of central pivot and detection of different cruciate ligament
      injuries, with high sensitivity-specificity for ACL and high specificity-moderate
      sensitivity for PCL. In the evaluation of the chronic unstable knee, CAT is
      highly accurate and gives the surgeon useful information towards the planning of
      therapeutic procedures. CAT is almost non-invasive, well tolerated and easy to
      perform in out-patients, which make it a first-choice procedure in the screening
      of chronic ligament injuries.

PMID- 3375495
TI  - [MR tomography in adrenal pathology. Preliminary report on 25 histologically
      controlled cases].
AB  - Twenty-five patients affected by adrenal glands pathology underwent CT and MRI: 6
      non-functioning adenomas, 2 Cushing's adenomas, 2 Conn's adenomas, 6 metastases,
      3 cysts, 2 carcinomas (Cushing's syndrome), 1 lymphoma and 3 pheochromocytomas.
      Diagnosis was subsequently confirmed either at surgery, or autopsy, or with
      needle biopsy. In all cases normal adrenal glands and pathological lesions were
      showed by MRI. T1 signal intensity and mass diameter were compared with T2 signal
      intensity, represented by the intensity ratio between the adrenal mass vs normal
      hepatic parenchyma. MRI signal intensity, usually high in case of malignancy and
      low in adenomas, shows a mean value which is much wider than that referred to
      mass diameter evaluation (carcinoma is larger than adenoma); for this reason
      those findings have proved to be insufficiently accurate for adrenal tissue
      characterization, even for the evaluation of cysts and pheochromocytomas. In the
      same cases CT showed higher accuracy.

PMID- 3375498
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma with acetabular localization].

PMID- 3375496
TI  - [Significance of preventive radiotherapy of the neck in clinically N0 tumors of
      the larynx].
AB  - The role of precautionary radiotherapy of the neck in laryngeal cancers (except
      T1-T2 glottic and some T1 supraglottic cancers) N0 at the clinical staging was
      investigated. Two-hundred and fifty-three patients were examined: 143 were
      irradiated only on T, and 110 also on the neck. Radiotherapy of the neck in the
      latter group was performed either by means of two large opposed fields of photon
      beams including T and N, or by means of fields of photon beams on T and electron
      beams (8 x 12 cm2 average) on the neck, to quite exclude any risks for the spinal
      cord. The dose was 45-50 Gy (2 Gy/fraction/day; 5 fraction/week) in 4-5 weeks. A
      comparison of the results obtained in the two groups, in terms of survival-rate
      and relapse-free time, indicates that radiotherapy reduces the change of relapses
      on N (6.1% vs. 14.62% at 3 years; p = 0.04) and improves the patient's survival
      chances (82.5% vs. 68.4% at 3 years; and 80.8% vs 63.4% at 5 years). Our data
      were then compared with literature data on the importance of N field size in
      radiation treatment. As a rule, some authors enlarge the field to be treated to a
      total nodal neck irradiation, but their results are not significantly different
      from those we obtained with 8 x 12 cm2 field size.

PMID- 3375497
TI  - [Treatment of pelvic recurrences of carcinoma of the cervix uteri by radiotherapy
      alone].
AB  - The best way to treat locally recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix has not
      been established. Our retrospective study refers to 37 consecutive patients, with
      recurrence in the pelvis, treated by radiotherapy alone. Thirty patients were
      treated by external beam therapy alone; intracavitary brachytherapy alone was
      adopted in 3 patients and a combination of both techniques in 4 patients. The
      total radiation dose exceeded 60 Gy in 62% of cases. A complete clinical response
      was observed in 54% of patients and a partial response in 32.4%. Overall crude
      survival was 70.3%, 28.9% and 23.2% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. In patients
      with recurrent tumors less than 40 mm in diameter a threefold 3-year survival was
      achieved (48.6% vs. 14.5%, p less than 0.025). With total doses higher than 60 Gy
      the 3-year survival resulted to be far better than with lower doses (39.1% vs.
      10%, p less than 0.025). A significant advantage was also observed in the
      "complete responders" group (44% vs. 11.8%), but this difference can be explained
      by the link between response and the above-mentioned basic prognostic factors.
      Acute side effects and late complications were moderate and did not correlate
      with the type of primary treatment. A significant percentage (about 25%) of
      patients with locally recurrent cervix carcinoma may reach medium-term survival;
      better results can be achieved in selected groups with favourable prognostic
      factors and with adequate radiotherapeutic treatment.

PMID- 3375499
TI  - Sliding hiatal hernia with total thoracic stomach. Report of a case.

PMID- 3375500
TI  - Resources needed for new risk analysis opportunities.

PMID- 3375501
TI  - Interspecific scaling of toxicity data.
AB  - This paper reexamines the scaling approaches used in cancer risk assessment and
      proposes a more precise body weight scaling factor. Two approaches are
      conventionally used in scaling exposure and dose from experimental animals to
      man: body weight scaling (used by FDA) and surface area scaling (BW0.67--used by
      EPA). This paper reanalyzes the Freireich et al. (1966) study of the maximum
      tolerated dose (MTD) of 14 anticancer agents in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and
      humans, the dataset most commonly cited as justification for surface area
      extrapolation. This examination was augmented with an analysis of a similar
      dataset by Schein et al. (1970) of the MTD of 13 additional chemotherapy agents.
      The reanalysis shows that BW0.75 is a more appropriate scaling factor for the 27
      direct-acting compounds in this dataset.

PMID- 3375503
TI  - Issues in qualitative and quantitative risk analysis for developmental
      toxicology.
AB  - The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of risk in developmental toxicology
      has been discussed in several recent publications. A number of issues still are
      to be resolved in this area. The qualitative evaluation and interpretation of end
      points in developmental toxicology depends on an understanding of the biological
      events leading to the end points observed, the relationships among end points,
      and their relationship to dose and to maternal toxicity. The interpretation of
      these end points is also affected by the statistical power of the experiments
      used for detecting the various end points observed. The quantitative risk
      assessment attempts to estimate human risk for developmental toxicity as a
      function of dose. The current approach is to apply safety (uncertainty) factors
      to the no observed effect level (NOEL). An alternative presented and discussed
      here is to model the experimental data and apply a safety factor to an estimated
      risk level to achieve an "acceptable" level of risk. In cases where the dose
      response curves upward, this approach provides a conservative estimate of risk.
      This procedure does not preclude the existence of a threshold dose. More research
      is needed to develop appropriate dose-response models that can provide better
      estimates for low-dose extrapolation of developmental effects.

PMID- 3375502
TI  - Mental models in risk assessment: informing people about drugs.
AB  - One way to communicate about the risks of drugs is through the use of package
      inserts. The problems associated with this medium of informing patients have been
      investigated by several researchers who found that people require information
      about drugs they are using, including extensive risk information, and that they
      are willing to take this information into account in their usage of drugs. But
      empirical results also show that people easily misinterpret the information
      given. A conceptual framework is proposed that might be used for better
      understanding the cognitive processes involved in such a type of risk assessment
      and communication. It is based on the idea that people develop, through
      experience, a mental model of how a drug works, which effects it might produce,
      that contraindications have to be considered, etc. This mental model is "run"
      when a specific package insert has been read and a specific question arises such
      as, for example, whether certain symptoms can be explained as normal or whether
      they require special attention and action. We argue that the mental model
      approach offers a useful perspective for examining how people understand package
      inserts, and consequently for improving their content and design. The approach
      promises to be equally useful for other aspects of risk analysis that are
      dependent upon human judgment and decision making, e.g., threat diagnosis and
      human reliability analysis.

PMID- 3375504
TI  - Estimation of human reproductive risk from animal studies: determination of
      interspecies extrapolation factors for steroid hormone effects on the male.
AB  - The problem of extrapolating effects of reproductive toxins on experimental
      animals to predict the doses that would produce infertility in human males is
      discussed using published data on effects of testosterone and estradiol on sperm
      production in the rat, rabbit, rhesus monkey, ram, stallion, and humans. This
      analysis indicates that calculation of the dose of testosterone that reduces
      human sperm counts by a given percentage is best done using the dose administered
      to laboratory animals expressed on the basis of body weight, as opposed to some
      other parameter such as body surface area. A survey of the available data in the
      literature indicates the incompleteness of the data set and the specific
      information needed to improve the basis for extrapolation. Nevertheless, we can
      predict from studies on laboratory animals the dose of testosterone necessary to
      reduce sperm counts in humans within a factor of 2.

PMID- 3375505
TI  - Biologically based models for cancer risk assessment: a cautionary note.

PMID- 3375506
TI  - Perceived fairness in risk management: the AIDS testing example.

PMID- 3375507
TI  - Chemical scoring by a rapid screening of hazard (RASH) method.
AB  - A rapid screening of hazard method (RASH) is presented for deriving relative
      potency estimates for hazardous substances. The method utilizes data from any
      available toxicological database such as the Registry of Toxic Effects of
      Chemical Substances (RTECS) or EPA's GENE-TOX database on genetic activity
      profiles. The method has been applied to derive relative potency values and
      permissible environmental concentrations for 278 chemicals. The derived values
      have been compared with recommendations of expert committees where possible, and
      substantial agreement is found.

PMID- 3375508
TI  - [Hemopexin: its discriminating value in the diagnosis of the ascitic syndrome].

PMID- 3375509
TI  - [Utility of fiber bronchoscopy in the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis].

PMID- 3375510
TI  - [Giant cell arteritis: clinical study and iatrogenesis by corticoids in 45
      patients].

PMID- 3375511
TI  - [Bardet-Biedl syndrome: some peculiarities in its appearance].

PMID- 3375512
TI  - [Therapeutic results with xanthine derivatives in the intermittent claudication
      syndrome in diabetic patients].

PMID- 3375513
TI  - [Molecular characterization of a Spanish family with alpha-thalassemia].

PMID- 3375514
TI  - [Epidemiological perspectives of tuberculosis: is BCG vaccination necessary in
      Spain?].

PMID- 3375515
TI  - [Hashitoxicosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3375516
TI  - [Mycobacterium xenopi: apropos of a pulmonary case].

PMID- 3375517
TI  - [Paralysis of the 3d cranial nerve in legionellosis].

PMID- 3375518
TI  - [Dermatomyositis and rapidly-evolving diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease].

PMID- 3375519
TI  - [Cryptosporidiosis in an AIDS patient not in any risk group].

PMID- 3375520
TI  - [Cryoglobulins in rheumatologic patients: clinical and laboratory findings].

PMID- 3375522
TI  - [Our experience with arterial ligation in hepatic trauma].

PMID- 3375521
TI  - [Experimental model of chronic portal hypertension].

PMID- 3375523
TI  - [Iatrogenic lesions of the common bile duct. Presentation of 25 cases].

PMID- 3375524
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children].

PMID- 3375525
TI  - [Gastroduodenal perforation in 148 patients. II. Therapeutic and outcome
      aspects].

PMID- 3375526
TI  - [Recurrence of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 3375527
TI  - [Importance of diet in the development of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 3375528
TI  - [The esophagus in the irritable bowel syndrome: clinico-manometric study].

PMID- 3375529
TI  - [Treatment of complicated diverticular disease. Our experience].

PMID- 3375530
TI  - [Immunology of our day].

PMID- 3375531
TI  - [Degenerated villous adenoma of the duodenum].

PMID- 3375532
TI  - [Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma].

PMID- 3375533
TI  - [Strongyloidiasis in an immunodepressed patient].

PMID- 3375535
TI  - [Cholestatic hepatitis caused by D-penicillamine].

PMID- 3375534
TI  - [Cystic hemorrhagic pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3375536
TI  - [French-Language Congress of Pneumology. Toulouse, 9-11 June 1988. Abstracts].

PMID- 3375537
TI  - [Prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndromes].

PMID- 3375538
TI  - [Changes in several blood platelet parameters in cerebral infarct].

PMID- 3375539
TI  - [Secondary or reactive thrombocytosis. Clinico-epidemiological significance
      apropos of a personal series of 385 cases].

PMID- 3375541
TI  - [Non-secreting anaplastic myeloma. Description of a primary case].

PMID- 3375540
TI  - [Survival in malignant melanoma of the skin in patients residing in Rome].

PMID- 3375542
TI  - [Acute leukemia in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3375543
TI  - [Role of the adrenosympathetic system in the regulation of the internal potassium
      balance].

PMID- 3375544
TI  - Application of hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer.

PMID- 3375545
TI  - The concept of thermal dose.
AB  - 1. In the ideal but theoretical situation, where hyperthermia is defined to be at
      a specific, constant temperature, duration of heating is a perfectly acceptable
      and satisfactory method of describing thermal dose. 2. In the real situation, the
      dose is far from constant. Time will be required to reach the desired temperature
      and to cool afterwards. During hyperthermia the temperature is variable. We are
      thus obliged to use a biologically equivalent thermal dose to account for these
      variations. 3. Various attempts have been made to solve this problem, but at
      present, the most feasible approach appears to be the integration of the
      biological isoeffect relationship (Dewey formula) over the whole treatment. 4.
      This method provides a practical and reasonable method of comparing hyperthermal
      treatments under conditions likely to be met in practice, i.e. moderate variation
      about a fairly steady temperature. However, the formula would certainly be
      inaccurate if there were a sudden reduction in temperature resulting in a
      significant effect of step-down sensitisation or a long treatment resulting in
      the development of thermotolerance. Also, it must be emphasised that the formula
      does not account for absolute differences in sensitivity among tissues. Nor does
      it address the problem of varying sensitivity throughout a course of fractionated
      heat treatments. 5. Less is known about the applicability of such a formula to
      the combination of heat and ionizing radiation when the two treatment modalities
      interact. The parameters are fairly similar to those for heat alone, although the
      transition appears to be lowered to 41.5 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3375546
TI  - Growth, cell proliferation and morphological alterations of a mouse mammary
      carcinoma after exposure to X-rays and hyperthermia.
AB  - A C57 mouse mammary carcinoma was irradiated with 10, 20 or 30 Gy of X-rays or
      heated to 43 degrees C for 30 min preceded or not by exposure to 10 Gy. Tumour
      growth, cell proliferation kinetics, induction of micronuclei and morphological
      changes in necrosis and vascular density were simultaneously determined.
      Treatment with radiation and/or hyperthermia produced only a delay in tumour
      growth of between 1 and 3.8 days. However, the effects of the treatments became
      more apparent when the amounts of muscle and necrosis were deducted from the
      originally measured tumour volume. Radiation-induced G2 block of the cells was
      observed at 12 h after irradiation alone. After the combined treatment, however,
      the G2 block was delayed beyond 12 h. Moreover, 24 h after the various
      treatments, the proportion of S-phase cells decreased considerably although the
      formation of micronuclei showed only a marginal increase. However, the ratio of S
      phase cells to micronuclei was significantly reduced during this period. Whereas
      the amount of necrosis was markedly enhanced 5 days following treatment with 10
      Gy plus heat, as well as after 30 Gy, no alterations in the density of small
      blood vessels could be observed during this period. These results clearly
      demonstrate that the apparent changes in tumour volume after X-rays and
      hyperthermia do not truly reflect the response of the constituent cells and that
      there are many other factors, for instance cell proliferation and morphological
      alterations, that influence the effects of radiation and hyperthermia on tumours.

PMID- 3375547
TI  - External microwave hyperthermia combined with radiation therapy for extensive
      superficial chest wall recurrences.
AB  - From January 1986 to January 1987 at Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia,
      13 patients were treated with combined external hyperthermia and radiation
      therapy to extensive chest wall recurrences from carcinoma of the breast. A total
      of 145 hyperthermia sessions for 27 different hyperthermia fields were analyzed
      in this study. Mixed photon (10 MV) or electron beam (6-15 MeV) radiation therapy
      (16-50.5 Gy, two to five weekly fractions of 1.5-2.0 Gy) was given followed
      within 30 min by external 915-MHz microwave hyperthermia (two weekly fractions
      for 60 min at 41-44 degrees C). Temperature recordings were made at up to 24
      points in the center and periphery and at junctions of fields. The thermal dose
      concept of Sapareto (T43 Eq) was used to evaluate the relationship between
      maximum or minimum temperature (TMAX/TMIN) and rates of complication and of CR
      for each treatment field. Our results indicate that total or mean TMAX43 Eq per
      hyperthermia treatment field is related to complication rate, whereas total or
      mean TMIN43 Eq is related to CR rate. Also, higher radiation dose and smaller
      involved tumor area are related to higher CR rates. At 1 month follow-up 13/27
      (48%) fields showed CR. At 3 months, four more CRs were noted, yielding 17/23
      (74%) CR.

PMID- 3375548
TI  - Thermostability of cytostatic drugs in vitro and thermosensitivity of cultured
      human lymphoblasts against cytostatic drugs.

PMID- 3375549
TI  - A rapid in vitro assay for predicting thermochemosensitivity of human cancer:
      comparison with clonogenic assay.
AB  - We previously reported a rapid in vitro assay based on morphological changes in
      the nucleus in order to predict response to thermochemotherapy. It was strongly
      suggested that this simple method may be clinically useful. In the present study,
      a comparison with the clonogenic assay was carried out on eight different human
      tumors (three malignant melanomas, two lung carcinomas, two colon carcinomas and
      one leukemia). Melphalan, mitomycin C and vincristine were tested. Correlation
      between the two test systems was dependent upon the criteria for each test
      system. At the level of less than 50% survival of colony as compared with
      normothermic dishes in clonogenic assay, there was a high correlation between the
      two test systems for sensitive tumor to 43 degrees C. In respect of response to
      thermochemotherapy, when only karyorrhexis changes in the nucleus were selected
      as an activity criteria in our cytotoxic test, parallel data between the two test
      systems were obtained.

PMID- 3375550
TI  - Pilot studies of microwave-induced brain hyperthermia and systemic BCNU in a rat
      glioblastoma model.

PMID- 3375551
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate during regional hyperthermia in a pig model.
AB  - In the pig model, regional hyperthermia in the gluteus was combined with the
      infusion of 150 mg MTX over a period of 100-120 min. The pharmacokinetic data
      reveal that this approach is capable of simulating the situation that is
      necessary and achievable in medium-dose MTX therapy of human tumours. Under MTX
      infusion, serum levels in the region of 10(-5) M are attained. As an expression
      of a renal and hepatic MTX excretion, high levels of MTX are found both in the
      urine and in the bile. Especially high concentrations of MTX are found in the
      liver and kidney tissue. In the normothermic and hyperthermic muscle, very low
      MTX levels are found. The pharmacokinetic data obtained show that the selected
      model is suitable for the future investigation of the effect of regional
      hyperthermia and MTX on transplanted tumours.

PMID- 3375552
TI  - Coagulation and fibrinogenolysis during whole-body hyperthermia.

PMID- 3375553
TI  - Treatment of superficial neoplastic lesions using hyperthermia, radiotherapy, and
      chemotherapy.
AB  - Local hyperthermia has great promise in the search for a better policy of
      combined modality treatment of superficial neoplastic lesions. Interstitial HT or
      whole-body HT should be made available in every tumor treatment center in the
      near future.

PMID- 3375554
TI  - Clinical experience in the combination of hyperthermia with chemotherapy or
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 3375555
TI  - Glutathione level in melanoma cells and tissue.
AB  - We studied the effects of hyperthermia by measuring the content of reduced (GSH)
      and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione separately in two human melanoma cell lines
      (MeWo, Be 11) and the xenografts of the same melanomas on nu+/nu+ mice. The Be 11
      cell lines are less radiosensitive but more thermosensitive than MeWo cells.
      Therefore the levels of glutathione were also studied in Be 11 cells after
      combined treatment with 3.7 Gy plus 42 degrees C for 3 h. The levels of GSH were
      lower in both untreated MeWo cells and MeWo tumour than in Be 11 cells and Be 11
      xenograft. After heating the cells in vitro at 42 degrees C for 3 h and the
      tumour for 30 min at 43 degrees C the levels of GSH and of GSSG increased in both
      melanoma cell lines. In the MeWo and Be 11 tumours hyperthermia did not markedly
      influence GSH levels but the GSSG levels decreased. From these data it followed
      that the ratios of GSH to GSSG were decreased in both cell lines, whereas the
      ratios increased in both tumours. X-irradiation had no significant effects on GSH
      level in Be 11 cell lines, but the content of GSSG increased markedly after
      combined treatment.

PMID- 3375556
TI  - Experience with an annular phased array hyperthermia system in the treatment of
      advanced recurrences of the pelvis.

PMID- 3375557
TI  - Regional hyperthermia combined with systemic chemotherapy in advanced abdominal
      and pelvic tumors: first results of a pilot study employing an annular phased
      array applicator.

PMID- 3375558
TI  - Deep microwave hyperthermia for metastatic tumors of the liver.
AB  - Between 1981 and 1985, 44 patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the
      liver were treated with deep microwave hyperthermia (HT) in five medical centers
      in the US. This HT was given with a BSD-1000 Annular Phased Array (BSD Medical
      Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah). Of the 44 patients treated, 18 (41%) were in
      poor general condition and scored less than 60 on the Karnofsky scale. In 50%
      upper abdominal pain was a major presenting symptom. Prior chemotherapy (CT) had
      been given in 12 (27%) patients, while 10 (23%) had received prior radiotherapy
      (RT). Colon (73%) was the most frequent site of the primary tumor, and
      adenocarcinoma (79%) was the most frequent histological diagnosis. A total of 150
      HT treatments were given, with an average of 3.4. HT alone was administered to 12
      (27%), HT-RT to 15 (34%), HT-CT to 13 (30%) and HT-RT-CT to four (9%).
      Therapeutic temperature was reached in 28 (64%) patients. The majority (66%)
      tolerated treatment well. Due to the poor general condition of over one-third of
      the patients, prior therapy in 50% and the presence of advanced tumor in all, it
      is not surprising to see a response rate of only 36%. The response rate was 53%
      among patients receiving RT in addition to HT and 46% in patients who had
      therapeutic temperature. Survival ranged from less than 1 to 63 months, with an
      average of 11 months. Relief of pain was observed in 8 of 22 patients who
      presented with this symptom. HT can be safely delivered to patients with
      metastatic tumor to the liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375559
TI  - Future trends in heating technology of deep-seated tumors.
AB  - Hyperthermia techniques and equipment have developed into a level of
      sophistication requiring special training and operator skills. Recent advances
      electromagnetic and ultrasound heating techniques are multi-applicator arrays,
      both external and invasive. These arrays are most effective when individual
      channel power control can be utilized to improve the heating pattern control
      during treatment. A preview of future capabilities shows that more selective
      tumor heating is possible with the advanced equipment. The role of computer
      pretreatment planning is a valuable aid in operator training as well as
      optimization of parameters. The current development of regional heating is in the
      deep focal heating by external focused arrays. The SIGMA 60 cylindrical dipole
      array deep steerable focal zone is described and test data presented showing the
      selective focusing obtained. A small invasive targeting E-field sensor is used to
      optimize phase and amplitude of the array to improve the selective heating in the
      target zone. These patented techniques and devices are expected to reduce
      systemic toxicity and increase tumor temperatures with lower power input. Future
      equipment development is predicted to include many types of hyperthermia devices
      and techniques. This trend suggests that systems must be designed to simplify the
      operator's tasks and improve the heating pattern controls. The computer power and
      control will become much more important in these future systems.

PMID- 3375561
TI  - CT-guided placement of temperature probes in pulmonary cancer.

PMID- 3375560
TI  - Percutaneous placement of catheters for temperature measurement during
      hyperthermia.

PMID- 3375562
TI  - Hyperthermia-induced changes in tumor microcirculation.

PMID- 3375563
TI  - Changes in tumor vasculature under fractionated radiation-hyperthermia treatment.

PMID- 3375564
TI  - Advanced technique in localized current field hyperthermia.

PMID- 3375565
TI  - A 500-kHz localized current field hyperthermia system for use with ophthalmic
      plaque radiotherapy.

PMID- 3375566
TI  - Simulation of interstitial microwave hyperthermia using the finite element
      method.

PMID- 3375567
TI  - Alterations in urinary elimination: concepts, research, and practice.

PMID- 3375568
TI  - As women age: perspectives on urinary incontinence.

PMID- 3375569
TI  - Rehabilitation legislation of the 1980s: implications for nurses as healthcare
      providers.

PMID- 3375570
TI  - Testimony of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses on the nurse shortage
      before the Commission on Nursing of the Department of Health and Human Services.

PMID- 3375571
TI  - The impact of Texas state legislation on the use of safety belts.

PMID- 3375572
TI  - Why today?

PMID- 3375573
TI  - [Effect of growth hormone on the differentiation of chondrocytes from prepuberal
      rabbits in serum-free culture and on the radioimmunologic activity of Sm-C/IGF1
      measured in the culture medium].
AB  - This study concerns the immunoreactive somatomedin C secretion by prepubertal
      rabbit epiphyseal chondrocytes cultured in a defined serum-free medium. In such
      culture conditions, chondrocytes mainly synthesized Type II collagen (80% of
      total collagen) during 10 days. A small amount of Type I collagen was also found
      with a significant (p less than 0.05) higher level during the period of cell
      multiplication (6.4 +/- 1.5%) than when cells reached confluency (0.9 +/- 0.2%).
      During the 10 days of culture without serum and without hormone added, a Sm
      C/IGF1 activity was measured by RIA at a mean level of 30 +/- 5 mU/ml/10
      micrograms DNA. This value was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in
      the medium not incubated with the cells (1.7 +/- 0.9 mU/ml). When hGH was added
      to the culture medium during the period of cell division, the level of Sm-C/IGF1
      activity was significantly elevated at 39 +/- 4 mU/ml/10 micrograms DNA (p less
      than 0.05) and at 55 +/- 3 mU/ml/10 micrograms DNA (p less than 0.001) with 50
      ng/ml and 100 ng/ml hGH concentrations respectively. On the contrary, no
      difference was observed at confluency in treated and non treated cells.

PMID- 3375574
TI  - Effect of pectic substances on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in the ewe
      and on the induction of casein synthesis in the rat.
AB  - Pectins from apple, citrus and sugar beet injected intravenously to ewes markedly
      stimulated blood prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and cortisol. Pectic acid and
      polygalacturonic acid exhibited the same property. A preparation of
      oligogalacturonic acid with a polymerisation degree of 12 to 13 was also active,
      whereas oligomers with a smaller degree of polymerisation (congruent to 10) were
      devoid of activity. Pectic acid administered orally to mature virgin rats induced
      the accumulation of beta-casein in mammary gland. Pectins and some of their
      derivatives therefore had a lactogenic property and their effect probably
      resulted from a capacity to trigger lactogenic hormone secretion.

PMID- 3375575
TI  - [Effects of monensin on the secretion of caseins by mammary epithelial cells from
      lactating rabbits].
AB  - The effects in vitro of monensin on the secretory pathway of caseins in lactating
      rabbit mammary gland fragments were investigated. Addition of monensin (0.1
      microM or 1 microM) to the incubation medium induced a dilatation of Golgi
      saccules and vesicles and a decrease of the relative volume of microvesicles.
      Dilated vesicles did not contain acid phosphatase. Neosynthesized proteins were
      localized by electron microscope autoradiography near the membranes of dilated
      vesicles. 1 microM monensin did not inhibit basal secretion of neosynthesized
      caseins (radioactive caseins, labelled during a 3 min pulse, released into the
      medium), but increased basal secretion of total beta-caseins (measured by
      radioimmunoassay). Monensin abolished all the effects of prolactin (increase in
      the relative volume of Golgi microvesicles and stimulation of secretion of total
      and neosynthesized caseins). These results show that monensin provokes
      simultaneously modifications in the Golgi apparatus morphology and inhibition of
      the prolactin stimulating effect. Moreover, secretion of intracellular caseins is
      differently modified, depending probably on whether caseins are neosynthesized or
      stored.

PMID- 3375576
TI  - Influence of the nature of calcium salts on serum calcium, phosphorus,
      calcitonin, growth hormone, and somatomedin C.
AB  - Twenty healthy males were randomly divided into three groups. Each subject
      received either 405 mg elemental calcium (Ca) as a salt linked to an amino acid
      precursor, 405 mg CaC12 or 1000 mg Ca as Ca gluconolactate and carbonate. In all
      three cases, Ca intake led to an increase of serum Ca and TCT production and a
      decrease of PTH liberation. However, when Ca is linked to the amino acid
      precursor, an elective stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C (SmC)
      occurs. Due to the nature of its amino acid precursor, this salt seems to
      stimulate GH and SmC liberation through hypophysis. This could be a major pathway
      in decoupling of the sequence resorption-formation and therapy of metabolic bone
      diseases.

PMID- 3375577
TI  - Organ culture of the chicken colon: morphological observations after 24 and 48
      hours of culture.
AB  - Colons from chickens, four weeks old, can best be maintained for 48 hours in a
      serum-free organ culture system using Trowell T8 medium-agar sheet at 25 degrees
      C. As determined by light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission
      electron microscopies, mucosal architecture involving classical ultrastructure of
      chicken colonic mucosa was preserved. Based on the morphological findings, it
      became evident that this organ culture system using Trowell T8 medium at 25
      degrees C can be successfully used as an in vitro experimental model for as long
      as 48 hours. The organ culture system could be a useful tool in investigating
      mucosal function and mucosal response to pathogens.

PMID- 3375578
TI  - Vascular pattern of the developing intertarsal joint in the domestic fowl.
AB  - The origin and nature of vascular canals in the distal tibiotarsus and proximal
      tarsometatarsus of the fowl have been described. The vascular pattern was
      modified at different stages of growth and there were anastomoses between
      epiphyseal vascular canals in the proximal tarsometatarsus. Such anastomoses are
      not seen in other bone extremities of the fowl and their presence may be a
      consequence of the incorporation of tarsal elements in proximal tarsometatarsi.
      In all the distal tibiotarsi examined, a third epiphyseal ossification centre was
      present. The pattern of metaphyseal vessels in the distal tibiotarsus and
      proximal tarsometatarsus was altered in some young chicks. This finding may be
      the result of abnormal angulation of the intertarsal joint which would result in
      uneven joint loading.

PMID- 3375579
TI  - Pattern of vascular canals in the bone extremities of the pelvic appendicular
      skeleton in broiler type fowl.
AB  - Broiler fowls were reared from hatching till 20 weeks old. Birds were killed
      throughout the growth period and the bone extremities of the pelvic appendicular
      skeleton prepared for study. The patterns of vascular canals in these broiler
      fowls were very similar to earlier reports in laying strain fowls. There was a
      great range of and variation in the vascular morphology of broiler fowl. The
      physeal vasculature of the rapidly growing broilers was frequently disrupted, and
      such areas were often associated with dyschondroplastic lesions. The rapidly
      growing bone extremities in broiler fowls were susceptible to occlusion of
      epiphyseal vascular canals. lesions were frequently seen at similar sites in
      different specimens. Links are suggested between the growth rate, weight and
      behavioural characteristics of broiler fowls and the development of lesions.

PMID- 3375580
TI  - Chemotherapy of East Coast fever: parvaquone treatment of Theileria parva parva
      at intervals after infection.
AB  - Groups of seven cattle were infected with Theileria parva stabilate and treated
      with parvaquone (20 mg kg-1 bodyweight) zero, four, eight, 12, 14 or 16 days
      after infection. Very early treatments resulted in a rapid recovery or no
      detectable parasitosis and some cattle were subsequently susceptible to
      homologous challenge. Treatments applied before extensive lymphoid or other organ
      damage had developed were successful and some cattle treated in advanced disease
      also recovered. Clinical pathological indications of liver or kidney damage were
      recorded very late in the disease suggesting that prompt diagnosis and treatment
      are more important than supportive therapy for survival. Treatment on day 8 after
      infection allowed the appearance of macroschizonts and a transient pancytopenia
      but no other disease signs. This group was solidly immune to challenge and this
      timing and treatment could be recommended for use in an infection and treatment
      method of immunisation.

PMID- 3375581
TI  - Electroimmobilization and ovine plasma cortisol concentrations: effect of current
      intensity, current duration and diazepam.
AB  - Whether the increases in plasma cortisol concentrations which are associated with
      electroimmobilization (E-IM) of conscious sheep are modified by current
      intensity, current duration or prior treatment with diazepam was assessed. Sheep
      were electroimmobilized at 30, 40 or 60 mA for one minute and at 40 mA for two or
      four minutes. After E-IM of one minute's duration, peak plasma cortisol
      concentrations occurred at 20 minutes and were 39.1 +/- 7.8 ng ml-1 at 0 mA
      (control), 56.7 +/- 9.6 ng ml-1 at 30 mA, 62.1 +/- 6.9 ng ml-1 at 40 mA and 78.4
      +/- 3.2 ng ml-1 at 60 mA. Both the peak plasma cortisol concentrations and the
      integrated cortisol responses to E-Im were correlated with current intensity (P
      less than 0.01). The cortisol responses to E-Im at 40 mA for one, two and four
      minutes were not significantly different and the response to E-IM at 40 mA for
      one minute was not affected by the administration of diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1
      intravenously) 15 minutes before E-IM. These results indicate that the cortisol
      response to E-IM is directly dependent on current intensity and that
      adrenocortical activation by E-IM may be minimised by choosing the lowest current
      at which effective restraint is maintained.

PMID- 3375582
TI  - Live attenuated coccidiosis vaccine: selection of a second precocious line of
      Eimeria maxima.
AB  - An attenuated line (CP) of Eimeria maxima was obtained by selection for early
      development of oocysts. Despite a small reproductive potential the CP line was
      highly immunogenic against its parent but did not completely protect chickens
      against challenge with virulent heterologous strains. However, in combination
      with another attenuated line with similar characteristics, good protection was
      induced.

PMID- 3375583
TI  - Forms of bovine pepsinogen in plasma from cattle with three different 'syndromes'
      of Ostertagia ostertagi infection.
AB  - Calves infected orally with third stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi or
      infected with adult O ostertagi by direct transplantation into the abomasum had
      raised plasma pepsinogen activity, as did four-year-old dairy cattle challenged
      with O ostertagi third stage larvae on five occasions. Using fast protein liquid
      chromatography two forms of pepsinogen; pepsinogen 1 (PG1) and pepsinogen 2 (PG2)
      were identified in each of the parasitic infection regimes.

PMID- 3375584
TI  - Comparative study of the lipid composition of the liver and bile from broiler
      birds during growth and egg laying.
AB  - A comparative study was made of biliary and liver lipid compositions during the
      growth and egg laying periods of the broiler bird. The liver lipids showed high
      concentrations of triacylglycerols at seven weeks old which increased when egg
      laying proceeded. At seven weeks old the lipids of the bile also showed high
      levels of triacylglycerols which decreased with the onset of egg laying but
      increased slightly as egg laying proceeded. At seven weeks old the fatty acid
      composition of the bile triacylglycerols differed from that of the liver which in
      turn was different from that of the liver at the onset of egg laying. In
      particular the bile triacylglycerols had lower levels of oleic but higher levels
      of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. By the late egg laying period, the
      fatty acid compositions of the bile and liver triacylglycerols were similar. The
      unique bile lipid composition and its changes are discussed in relationship to
      the major features of liver lipid metabolism in the broiler bird and the
      mechanism of lipid deposition during egg laying.

PMID- 3375585
TI  - Effects of low dosages of intravenous dexamethasone on serum cortisol
      concentrations in the normal cat.
AB  - The suppressive effects of three different low dosages of dexamethasone (5, 10
      and 15 micrograms kg-1) on serum cortisol concentrations were evaluated in 10
      normal cats. On four different days, serum was collected before and at two, four,
      six and eight hours after the intravenous administration of saline or
      dexamethasone. Following the administration of saline, no significant difference
      in mean serum cortisol concentrations was noted between the basal or
      postinjection values. In contrast, mean serum cortisol concentrations decreased
      significantly (P less than 0.05) by two hours and remained significantly below
      mean basal values eight hours after injection of all three dosages of
      dexamethasone. The degree of cortisol suppression became progressively greater as
      the dosages of dexamethasone were increased. After administration of the highest
      dose of dexamethasone (15 micrograms kg-1), serum cortisol decreased to below 5
      ng ml-1 by two to four hours and remained suppressed (under 5 ng ml-1) eight
      hours after injection in all cats. In contrast, two of the 10 cats showed a
      slight escape from cortisol suppression by eight hours after injection of
      dexamethasone at the dosage of 10 micrograms kg-1, whereas a dosage of 5
      micrograms kg-1 failed to suppress cortisol concentrations below 10 ng ml-1 at
      any of the sampling times in one cat and was associated with increasing serum
      cortisol concentrations at eight hours after injection in three cats.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3375586
TI  - Diagnostic value of zinc concentrations in serum, leucocytes and hair of dogs
      with zinc-responsive dermatosis.
AB  - The concentrations of zinc in serum, leucocytes and hair of normal dogs, dogs
      with zinc-responsive dermatosis and dogs with dermatitis not associated with zinc
      deficiency was determined. The mean concentration of zinc in serum and hair of
      dogs with zinc-responsive dermatosis was significantly lower than in other dogs
      but the range of zinc concentrations overlapped that of the other dogs. The mean
      leucocyte zinc concentration was similar for each group of dogs. It is concluded
      that low zinc concentrations in serum and hair have only a corroborative value in
      the diagnosis of zinc-responsive dermatosis in dogs.

PMID- 3375587
TI  - Characterisation of a new phage lytic for both smooth and non-smooth Brucella
      species.
AB  - A brucella phage of the Izatnagar series, designated Iz1, was lytic for all
      Brucella species that are normally smooth, although the efficiency of plating
      varied between biovars and species. The phage was also lytic for rough strains of
      B melitensis and B suis and, to a lesser extent, B ovis. It displayed negligible
      lytic activity towards B canis and rough B abortus cultures. In its morphological
      and serological properties and its stability to inactivating agents, the Iz1
      phage resembled other brucella phages.

PMID- 3375588
TI  - In vitro and in vivo binding of phenylbutazone and related drugs to equine feeds
      and digesta.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo studies of phenylbutazone binding to equine ingesta and
      digesta were undertaken. In vitro binding to chopped hay and powdered pony nuts
      in buffer solutions at 37 degrees C was found to be time-, concentration- and pH
      dependent. Percentage binding generally increased with time, decreased with
      concentration and varied with buffer pH in an unpredictable manner. Other non
      steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) also bound to hay, the degree of
      binding being less for meclofenamate and least for flunixin in comparison with
      phenylbutazone. Phenylbutazone became bound to digesta collected from eight
      regions of the gastrointestinal tract when they were spiked with a concentration
      of 1 mg.10 g-1 digesta, the amounts ranging from 80.0 per cent (duodenum) to 99.6
      per cent (stomach). Binding also occurred to equine digesta following the oral
      administration of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg.kg-1) to three ponies. It was concluded
      that drug uptake by and release from equine ingesta and digesta were probably
      adsorptive and desorptive processes. The clinical significance of the findings
      for the use of NSAIDs in equine medicine was considered.

PMID- 3375589
TI  - Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of phenylbutazone in cattle following
      intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration.
AB  - The absorption, metabolism and urinary excretion of phenylbutazone were
      investigated in six adult cattle in a cross-over study involving administration
      intravenously, intramuscularly and orally at a dose rate of 4.4 mg kg-1.
      Following intravenous injection plasma disposition was described by a three
      compartment open model with mean elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and clearance
      (ClB) values of 35.9 hours and 2.77 ml kg-1 h-1, respectively. Somewhat longer
      t1/2 beta values were obtained after oral and intramuscular dosing and these may
      have resulted from sequestration within and slow absorption from the
      gastrointestinal tract and continual uptake from intramuscular sites following
      precipitation as a depot. Absorption was more complete after intramuscular than
      after oral dosing; area under curve values were almost twice as high for the
      intramuscular route. Double peaks in the plasma concentration time curves after
      oral dosing were recorded in some cows. These may have resulted from drug
      adsorption on to and subsequent desorption from hay or as a consequence of
      enterohepatic shunting. There was no evidence for opening of the oesophageal
      groove and direct passage of the drug into the abomasum. Two hydroxylated
      metabolites of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone
      were detected in trace amounts in plasma for 72 hours and in much higher
      concentrations in urine for 168 hours. Approximate urine:plasma (U/P)
      concentration ratios for the metabolites approached and occasionally exceeded the
      U/P ratio for endogenous creatinine, indicating poor reabsorption and, possibly,
      tubular secretion. Cumulative urinary excretion data indicated that the
      hydroxylated derivatives of phenylbutazone are probably formed more slowly in
      cattle than in horses.

PMID- 3375590
TI  - Organ culture of chicken colon: physiological observations after 24 and 48 hours
      of culture.
AB  - Colon from chickens, four weeks old, can best be maintained for 24 hours in a
      serum-free organ culture system using Trowell T8 medium-agar sheet at 25 degrees
      C. From physiological observations of DNA and protein synthesis it was found that
      the protein content of colonic explants did not change in up to 48 hours of
      culture while the DNA content did not change in up to 24 hours but decreased
      significantly to two thirds of the controls in 48 hours of culture. The organ
      culture system can be maintained satisfactorily for 24 hours.

PMID- 3375591
TI  - A cellular analysis of immunosuppression in cattle with mucosal disease.
AB  - Eleven cattle with mucosal disease (MD) were investigated to determine the
      constitution and function of the cells participating in the immune response. The
      total numbers of blood mononuclear cells varied within the normal range but a
      poor response of the lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation indicated a state of
      immunosuppression in the cattle with MD. Identification of subpopulations of the
      mononuclear cells revealed that eight of the cattle with MD had an increased
      proportion of B cells. However, the proportions of monocytes and T cells were in
      the normal ranges, resulting in a low proportion of cells not identified as being
      either B or T cells (null cells). Three of the cattle with MD had an increased
      proportion of cells with receptor for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma + cells).
      Bovine Fc gamma + cells have previously been shown to exert suppressor activity,
      as was also demonstrated in the present study by increased mitogen induced
      lymphocyte stimulation following removal of the Fc gamma + cells. The effect of
      depletion of Fc gamma + cells was at least five-fold greater in the two cattle
      with MD tested than the two controls. It appears that a diminished number of null
      cells and, or, increased suppressor cell activity might contribute to the
      observed immunosuppression in cattle affected with MD.

PMID- 3375592
TI  - The effect of tamoxifen on tumours induced by cells from a canine mammary
      carcinoma cell line in athymic nude mice.
AB  - Tumours were induced in CBA athymic nude mice by subcutaneous injection of REM
      134 cells. These cells were from a continuous line derived from a canine mammary
      carcinoma and have no detectable oestrogen receptors. In vitro, the anti
      oestrogen tamoxifen was growth inhibitory at a concentration of 10(-6) M and
      adding 10(-8) M oestradiol-17 beta did not reverse this effect. The relative rate
      of growth of the tumours induced by the cultured cells was the same in male and
      female mice. Oral tamoxifen at a dose of 1 mg mouse-1 week-1 suppressed the early
      growth rate significantly and to the same extent in male and female mice;
      conversely subcutaneous tamoxifen at 2 mg mouse-1 week-1 had only a transient
      early effect. These results argue against tamoxifen acting solely as an
      antagonist for oestrogen.

PMID- 3375593
TI  - Vascular pattern of the developing knee joint in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Laying strain fowls were reared from hatching till 20 weeks old. Birds were
      killed throughout the growth period and specimens from the distal femur and
      proximal tibiotarsus prepared for study. The origin and nature of cartilage
      canals were established in the two bone extremities. The canals follow a pattern
      of development which was similar in fowls of the same age. Similarities were
      noted with the vascular patterns reported in other species. The epiphyseal
      ossification centre of the proximal tibiotarsus formed in an area extensively
      perfused by cartilage canals. Anastomoses occurred between epiphyseal vascular
      canals in association with the formation and growth of the epiphyseal
      ossification centre in the proximal tibiotarsus. Anastomoses between epiphyseal
      vascular canals did not occur at any other site. The development of the
      epiphyseal ossification centre in the proximal tibiotarsus suggests that this is
      a traction epiphysis.

PMID- 3375594
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of presystolic murmurs and sounds recorded on
      phonocardiogram].

PMID- 3375595
TI  - [Cardiac morphological features under chronic hypoxia].

PMID- 3375596
TI  - [Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: comparison between sustained type and non
      sustained type].

PMID- 3375597
TI  - [A study on the usefulness of a non-invasive ambulatory automatic
      sphygmomanometer by means of a sleeping Holter's monitoring system].

PMID- 3375598
TI  - [Evaluation on confidence of the non-invasive blood pressure measurement during
      sleep].

PMID- 3375599
TI  - [Calcification and occlusion of the leg arteries in a 14-year-old boy].

PMID- 3375600
TI  - [A case of mitral valve prolapse associated with pacing-induced bidirectional
      tachycardia].

PMID- 3375601
TI  - Longitudinal mixing in dog lungs during high-frequency forced flow oscillation.
AB  - Longitudinal mixing in the conducting airways of eight intubated anesthetized
      beagles (10.8 +/- 0.9 kg) was studied at functional residual capacity in the
      presence of forced sinusoidal flow oscillations and in the absence of fresh air
      bias flow. The ranges of oscillation conditions were: frequencies, f, from 3 to
      18 Hz and minute volumes, Vosc, from 50 to 150 ml/sec, corresponding to tidal
      volumes, Vosc/f, from 0.3 to 4.5 ml/kg body mass. Oscillations were imposed
      during a breath holding interval incorporated into a modified single-breath
      nitrogen (N2) washout maneuver. The expired N2 fraction curves were analyzed with
      a Fickian diffusion model by adjusting the value of a global mixing parameter,
      (DA2), to achieve an optimal fit of the model to the data. The mixing parameter
      was an increasing function of minute volume and a decreasing function of
      frequency, which is well represented by the equation: (DA2) = 2.72 Vosc 1.74 f
      1.57 By comparison to available theory and previous measurements in physical
      systems, this formula implies that Taylor-type dispersion is the dominant mixing
      mechanism in the conducting airways. Also, the diffusion model predicted, and the
      data verified, the existence of a mouth-ward 'diffusion flow' during breath
      holding. This effect, caused by the non-uniform nature of the summed airway cross
      section, is directly correlated with the value of (DA2).

PMID- 3375602
TI  - Characteristics of laryngeal cold receptors.
AB  - This study was designed to further characterize the properties of previously
      described laryngeal cold receptors (Respir. Physiol. 59:35, 1985). Single unit
      action potentials were recorded from the internal branch of the superior
      laryngeal nerve (SLN) in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. The nervous
      conduction of fibers originating from 12 laryngeal cold receptors was blocked at
      a mean (+/- SE) temperature of 18.8 +/- 0.7 degrees C. Twelve receptors were
      localized on the edge of the vocal folds in correspondence of the vocal process
      of the arytenoid cartilage. Topical anesthesia (2% lidocaine) blocked their
      activity within 4-18 sec, suggesting a superficial location. Paralysis of the
      vocal folds during spontaneous breathing through the upper airway did not alter
      the activity of 9 of 13 cold receptors. On the other hand, 7 of 12 cold receptors
      tested with constant flow showed respiratory modulation and laryngeal paralysis
      abolished the modulation of 3 of these tested with a constant flow of air. During
      progressive cooling in a stepwise fashion, as in frigid air breathing, laryngeal
      cold receptors maintained a phasic discharge. Our results indicate that these
      endings are particularly suited for detecting changes in temperature.

PMID- 3375603
TI  - The sustained ventilatory response to hypoxic challenge in the awake newborn
      piglet with an intact upper airway.
AB  - The diphasic ventilatory response to steady-state hypoxia has been reported in
      anesthetised, intubated newborn piglets. We questioned whether this diphasic
      response persisted in the awake, spontaneously breathing piglet. Nine piglets, at
      one day of age, breathing spontaneously through a fitted mask and
      pneumotachograph were examined, monitoring the minute ventilation. (VE) tidal
      volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI),
      inspiratory time (TI). The piglets were studied in room air, followed by a step
      change to an FIO2 of 0.12, and a subsequent step-change to an FIO2 of 0.08. For
      each step-change in the FIO2 there was a decline in VT during hypoxia, but the VE
      increased significantly throughout the hypoxia through a progressive increase in
      both f and VT/VI. Thus, the awake newborn piglets were able to sustain the
      increase in VE during hypoxia. These results differ from previous observations of
      the diphasic VE response to hypoxia in lightly anesthetised piglets suggesting
      that the ventilatory response to steady state hypoxia is dependent upon
      experimental conditions. Further, the finding of a sustained ventilatory response
      in awake piglets breathing through an intact upper airway differs from previous
      studies in lambs and kittens suggesting a difference in the level of maturity at
      birth between the species.

PMID- 3375604
TI  - Oxygen pressure in intra- and extraembryonic blood vessels of early chick embryo.
AB  - Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) was measured in vitelline and intraembryonic
      vessels of 4- and 6-day-old chick embryos in ovo using recessed-tip oxygen
      microelectrodes. At day 4 mean PO2 values were 6 kPa in the vitelline arteries
      and 8.5 kPa in the oxygenated blood of the lateral vitelline veins. These values
      increased significantly by day 6 to 6.5 kPa in the vitelline arteries and 10.8
      kPa in the lateral vitelline veins. The PO2 in intraembryonic arteries was found
      to be close to the PO2 in the vitelline arteries. In intraembryonic veins PO2
      values ranged from 2.1 to 4.6 kPa displaying a gradient from cranial to caudal.
      Our measurements show that the major part of the diffusion resistance between
      environment and gas exchange vessels is formed by the albumen layer separating
      the yolk sac from the inner shell membrane, and that the oxygen transport is
      limited by diffusion. The low PO2 values in the intraembryonic venous vessels
      suggest that the gas transport system works at the limit of its capacity.

PMID- 3375605
TI  - Contraction of trachealis muscle and activity of tracheal stretch receptors.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between tracheal slowly adapting stretch
      receptor discharge and smooth muscle activity in a preparation in which the
      efferent supply to the airway was essentially intact. In 7 anesthetized,
      paralyzed, artificially ventilated dogs, smooth muscle activity was assessed by
      measuring the pressure of a water-filled cuff placed in the extrathoracic trachea
      and action potentials originating from 19 extrathoracic tracheal stretch
      receptors were recorded from the superior laryngeal nerve. Challenges were:
      hypercapnia (FI = 0.05 and FI = 0.10), hypoxia (FI = 0.10 and FI = 0.05) and
      asphyxia. Concurrent increases in cuff pressure and receptor discharge were
      present in 18 of the endings studied in response to all the challenges presented.
      The remaining receptor increased its rate of discharge with 10% CO2 and asphyxia;
      neither receptor discharge or cuff pressure increased with 5% CO2 and hypoxia.
      Following block of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, baseline values of both cuff
      pressure and receptor discharge, as well as the responses to asphyxia, decreased;
      any residual response was eliminated by atropine. Of the 17 receptors whose
      location could be precisely ascertained, 14 were found in the proximal third of
      the extrathoracic trachea, and the remaining 3 in the middle third. The
      temperature at which the nervous conduction was blocked was determined for 3
      slowly adapting receptors; it ranged from 4.5 to 12.5 degrees C. Of 5
      extrathoracic tracheal rapidly adapting receptors encountered during the course
      of the experiments, 3 were tested with asphyxia and found to be unaffected. This
      study shows that tracheal slowly adapting stretch receptors are activated by
      smooth muscle contractions reflexly induced by chemoreceptor stimulation.

PMID- 3375606
TI  - Physiological adaptations of the intertidal rockpool teleost Blennius pholis L.,
      to aerial exposure.
AB  - Gas exchange, metabolism, ventilation, circulation and acid-base balance in water
      and air were investigated in Blennius pholis. The rates of gas exchange in water
      and air were similar with the RQ remaining around 0.8. Aerial gas exchange was
      equally divided between the head/gills and the tail region. Ventilatory
      adaptations involved a reduction in rate in air and the mode of ventilation
      changed from flow-through to tidal, with closed opercula. A transient bradycardia
      developed on transition to air before heart frequency (fH) returned to aquatic
      levels. During aerial exposure PvCO2 rose only by 1 Torr with a concomitant
      decrease in pH of 0.19 pH-units. At the same time a metabolic acidosis was
      observed which could not be fully accounted for by the formation of lactic acid
      in the blood, although tissue lactate levels did not change significantly. No
      histological evidence was found for the presence of carbonic anhydrase in the
      epithelial cells of the skin or the oesophagus to aid aerial CO2 excretion.
      Inhibition of CA activity by addition of methazolamide to blood, however, caused
      PvCO2 to rise by 3 Torr and pHv to decrease by 0.4 pH unit. It is concluded that
      B. pholis is physiologically well adapted to aerial exposure through adjustments
      in ventilation and circulation and that erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase plays a
      major role in CO2 transfer.

PMID- 3375607
TI  - Innervation of crab-eating monkey trachealis muscle determined in vitro.
AB  - Strips of smooth muscle from the cervical tracheae of six adult male crab-eating
      monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were studied in jacketed 25 ml organ baths filled
      with Krebs-bicarbonate solution maintained at 37 degrees C and gassed with 5% CO2
      in oxygen. Isometric tissue tension increased in response to electrical field
      stimulation (18 V, 25 Hz, 0.5 msec), norepinephrine in the presence of
      propranolol, acetylcholine and histamine. Atropine abolished the contractile
      response to electrical stimulation. Tissues that were contracted with
      acetylcholine or pretreated with atropine then contracted with histamine relaxed
      when stimulated electrically. The relaxation was unaffected by propranolol but
      was abolished by tetrodotoxin. Isoproterenol relaxed tissues that were contracted
      with histamine, but failed to relax histamine-contracted tissues that had been
      pretreated with propranolol. Norepinephrine did not change isometric tension in
      untreated tissues or tissues pretreated with phentolamine. These results
      demonstrate the presence of excitatory and inhibitory nerves and noninnervated
      beta-adrenergic receptors in macaque trachealis. The excitatory nerves appear to
      be cholinergic. The inhibitory response to electrical stimulation is not mediated
      through muscarinic cholinergic or beta-adrenergic receptors. The inhibitory
      response to electrical field stimulation was likely mediated through
      nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves.

PMID- 3375608
TI  - Ventilation and oxygen extraction in the little penguin (Eudyptula minor), at
      different temperatures in air and water.
AB  - Oxygen consumption, (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and ventilation were
      measured in little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in air and water over a range of
      ambient temperatures. Barometrically measured minimum ventilation was very low
      (112 +/- 23 ml.min-1 over the range 15-20 degrees C, n = 9), principally due to a
      lower than predicted respiratory frequency (f) (6.9 +/- 1.1 min-1). This low
      ventilation resulted in a very high oxygen extraction (EO2) and low air
      convection requirement (VI/VO2). Despite large increases in metabolic rate in
      birds in cold water, VI/VO2 and hence EO2 did not vary in non-heat exposed
      penguins over a range of air and water temperatures. Mean extraction was 53.2 +/-
      10.8% (n = 82) corresponding to an air convection requirement of 11.3 +/- 2.5 L.L
      1. Above thermoneutrality there was a dramatic increase in ventilation and fall
      in EO2 resulting from increases in both f and tidal volume (VT). End-expired
      gases were measured at thermoneutrality and during heat exposure. At
      thermoneutrality FE'CO2 was 0.074 +/- 0.005, and FE'O2 0.115 +/- 0.009. During
      heat exposure end expired gases approached atmospheric levels.

PMID- 3375609
TI  - Similarities between behavior of respiratory muscles in breath-holding and in
      elastic loading.
AB  - Breath-holding subjects often exhibit involuntary contractions of respiratory
      muscles which are much stronger and faster than the efforts they would make
      during unrestricted breathing at the same level of CO2 and O2. To gain a better
      understanding of the genesis of these contractions, we compared them with the
      respiratory response to external elastic loading. Normal men rebreathed a mixture
      of 8% CO2 in oxygen against no load, elastic loads of 25 and 75 cm H2O/L, and
      held their breath, equivalent to an elastic load of 226 cm H2O/L. At iso-CO2,
      increasing loads led to progressively smaller tidal volumes, inspiratory flow
      rates and ventilation. However, respiratory muscles were progressively activated
      by the loads, as indicated by increasing occlusion pressure, so that inspiratory
      flow rate and ventilation were defended much better than could be expected if no
      neural compensation occurred. The pattern of respiratory muscle activity in
      breath-holding was qualitatively similar to that in elastic loading, and seemed
      quantitatively to be an extreme form of reaction to a large load. The reduction
      in inspiratory time and therefore of peak inspiratory pressure and ratio of
      inspiratory to total time with very large loads could be viewed as an adaptive
      response to limit respiratory muscle fatigue.

PMID- 3375610
TI  - Relationship between maternal and fetal lung growth.
AB  - This study analyzes the relationship between the maternal and fetal lungs, in
      rats in relation to litter size, to determine whether the enlargement of maternal
      lung during pregnancy is concurrent with that of the fetal lung. Pregnant albino
      rats were sacrificed on gestation day 21 (term 22 days). Maternal lung growth was
      assessed by measuring the lung weight, lung air volume and lung DNA content, and
      the fetal lung growth by lung DNA content. The findings were as follows: (1) no
      differences were noted between the lungs of non-pregnant rats and pregnant rats
      with small litter size (1-4); (2) pregnant rats with large litter size (10-18)
      had larger lungs than rats with small litter size; (3) there was a direct
      relationship between cellularity (DNA content) of the fetal lung and maternal
      lung when the latter underwent a growth change during pregnancy; (4) no
      relationship in cellularity was found between the maternal lung and placenta nor
      between the fetal lung and placenta. The results suggest that factors or
      processes which regulate the growth and dictate the size of the maternal lung
      during pregnancy similarly influence the fetal lung.

PMID- 3375611
TI  - Maternal lung growth in surgically reduced litter size pregnancy.
AB  - In our previous study (Faridy et al., this issue) we observed that pregnant rats
      with large litter size have larger lungs than rats with small litter size. The
      present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that in large litter size
      pregnancy, the maternal lung may not enlarge if, during pregnancy, the large
      litter size of 11-18 is surgically reduced to a small litter size of 3. A
      laparotomy was performed in pregnant albino rats at gestation day 7 (R7) or 14
      (R14), all fetuses except 3 were removed and the rats were sacrificed at
      gestation day 21 (term 22 days). Maternal lung growth was assessed by measuring
      lung weight, lung DNA content and lung air volume, and the fetal lung growth by
      lung DNA content. The results were then compared with control pregnant rats of
      large (11-18) and small (1-3) litter size. The findings were: (1) reduction of
      litter size hindered maternal lung enlargement; (2) the earlier in pregnancy the
      surgical reduction was performed the smaller was the maternal lung, such that
      control (11-18) greater than R14 greater than R7 = control (1-3); (3) fetuses of
      R14 rats had larger lungs per body weight than R7 rats; (4) oxygen consumption of
      sham-operated rats with large litter size was higher (by 8-12%) than R7 rats. The
      results suggest that enlargement of maternal lung during pregnancy is related to
      litter size and perhaps to VO2. The fact that R14 fetal lung is larger than that
      of R7, supports our previous notion (Faridy et al., this tissue) that factors
      regulating the maternal lung growth similarly influence the fetal lung.

PMID- 3375612
TI  - Influence of maternal pneumonectomy on fetal lung growth.
AB  - This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the compensatory growth of
      the maternal lung during pregnancy influences fetal lung growth, specifically the
      fetal lung DNA content. A left pneumonectomy (PN) was performed in pregnant
      albino rats at different gestation days (GD 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18) and
      the rats sacrificed at GD 21. Only mothers with litter size of 9-14 fetuses were
      used for this study. Maternal lung growth was assessed by measuring lung weight,
      lung air volume and lung DNA content, and the fetal lung growth by lung DNA
      content. The findings were: (1) pregnancy did not influence the rate of
      compensatory growth of the remaining lung following PN; (2) neither thoracotomy
      nor PN had any effect on placental weight or DNA content; (3) lung DNA content
      for body weight was larger in fetuses of PN rats when PN was performed in the
      first half of gestation; (4) there was a direct relationship between DNA content
      of the fetal lung and maternal lung in PN rats; and (5) neither thoracotomy nor
      PN in pregnant rats influenced the maturation of the fetal lung. The results
      suggest that a growth factor(s), specific for lungs, is released into maternal
      circulation following PN, crosses the placenta and enhances the fetal lung growth
      without affecting its maturation.

PMID- 3375613
TI  - Prediction of the oxygenation of human organs at varying blood oxygen carrying
      properties.
AB  - The oxygenation of some human organs (brain, heart, kidneys, and legs) is
      correlated to the oxygen carrying characteristics of blood by predicting the PVO2
      vs Q relationship at a given metabolic level of the organ. The effect of moderate
      shifts of the oxygen equilibrium curve [approximately equal to 2 Torr (0.27 kPa),
      comparable to the shifts caused by non-massive transfusions of blood with altered
      2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration] is evaluated in terms of the
      efficiency of organ oxygenation. The results indicate the following. (1) An
      increase of the P50 from 27.9 to 30.0 Torr (3.71 to 3.99 kPa), that is the
      consequence of an increase of the [DPG]/[Hb] ratio from 0.8 to 1.04 M/M, is
      advantageous for all organs, because the normal metabolic level can be maintained
      with a considerable reduction of Q (approximately 10%). (2) This reduction is
      similar to that caused by an increase of [Hb] from 160 to 182 g/L, but without
      increasing the blood viscosity and the vascular resistance. (3) This advantage is
      different for the various organs, as a function of their blood supply and
      metabolic level characteristics. These features were also observed at any PaO2 in
      the range 60-300 Torr (7.98-39.9 kPa), and when simulating acidemia or alkalemia,
      as well as a pH gradient across the organ.

PMID- 3375614
TI  - Changes in metabolic rates and blood respiratory characteristics during pouch
      development of a marsupial, Macropus eugenii.
AB  - Oxygen levels in the pouch of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, have been
      related to the metabolic rate of the young at pouch temperatures and the oxygen
      transport characteristics of its haemoglobin. Until 100 days of age, pouch young
      show mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption lower than predicted on the basis
      of body mass. This contrasts with data presented for laboratory mice. Oxygen
      levels in the pouch approximate atmospheric levels for the first 20 days and at
      times approaching pouch evacuation at 200 days. However, levels of around 17-18%
      occur at about the mid-point of pouch life. The oxygen-haemoglobin equilibrium
      curve shows a high P50 (up to 50 Torr at 36 degrees C) in the neonate, but after
      2-3 weeks of age levels drop to those representative of the adult. Concentrations
      of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in early pouch young are higher than in the adult
      animal and peak at around 30 mumol/g Hb. There is a significant decrease in the
      concentration of this compound with the age of the young.

PMID- 3375615
TI  - Elimination kinetics of acetylene and Freon 22 in resting and active lungless
      salamanders.
AB  - To quantify diffusion limitation in cutaneous gas exchange, the elimination of
      two inert gases of different diffusivity, Freon 22 (CHC1F2) and acetylene (C2H2),
      was measured simultaneously in exclusively skin-breathing lungless salamanders,
      Desmognathus quadramaculatus. In resting salamanders, elimination of both gases
      could be described as the sum of three exponential terms. For both the medium and
      the slow exponential component, the ratio of the respective rate constants (k)
      for acetylene and Freon averaged 1.77. This value is between the values expected
      for perfusion limitation (1.00) and diffusion limitation (1.94), indicating
      combined diffusion and perfusion limitation. In salamanders stimulated to run on
      a treadmill, the elimination rates and the rate constants increased more for
      Freon than for acetylene. During spontaneous activity, the increase in
      elimination of Freon was larger than that of acetylene. These findings suggest an
      increase in the diffusing capacity of the skin during exercise. Thus the
      diffusing capacity of salamander skin for gases appears to be variable and to be
      adjusted to meet the increased O2 requirement during exercise.

PMID- 3375616
TI  - Inspiratory valving in avian bronchi: aerodynamic considerations.
AB  - The presence of unidirectional flow in the avian lung is thought to be effected
      by aerodynamic 'valves'. First we review the history of this hypothesis and
      summarize existing evidence. Second, we present a semiquantitative treatment of
      the various fluid dynamic factors that may be involved in directing fluid flow.
      The resulting calculations show in some detail how the inspiratory valve may
      work, and upon what mechanisms it may depend. Our calculations suggest that gas
      convective inertial forces are sufficient to effect inspiratory valving. Finally,
      we give some heuristic arguments regarding the mechanisms of expiratory valving.

PMID- 3375618
TI  - [Recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland].

PMID- 3375617
TI  - [Recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas].

PMID- 3375619
TI  - [Recurrent nodular pathology of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 3375620
TI  - [Rehabilitation in laryngeal paralysis. Experimental study in dogs].

PMID- 3375621
TI  - [Recurrence of laryngotracheal stenosis. Therapeutic approach].

PMID- 3375622
TI  - [Analysis of failures in cancers of the larynx treated by crico-hyoidopexy].

PMID- 3375624
TI  - [Recurrence after partial laryngeal or pharyngeal surgery. Management and
      outcome].

PMID- 3375623
TI  - [Brachy-curietherapy using iodine-125 in the treatment of recurrences of
      cervicofacial tumors. Our results].

PMID- 3375625
TI  - [Turner's syndrome and the ear].

PMID- 3375626
TI  - [Reoperations in the surgery of cholesteatoma of the middle ear].

PMID- 3375627
TI  - [Use of new materials in tympanic reconstruction].

PMID- 3375628
TI  - [Recurrence of acoustic neurinomas].

PMID- 3375630
TI  - [The nasal crest in secondary rhinoplasties].

PMID- 3375629
TI  - [Results of vestibular neurotomy by posterior retrosigmoid approach].

PMID- 3375631
TI  - [Secondary otoplasties].

PMID- 3375632
TI  - [Cisplatin-5 fluorouracil in cervicofacial cancer recurrence].

PMID- 3375633
TI  - Current strategies in the treatment of HIV infection.

PMID- 3375634
TI  - Biotherapy: a nursing challenge.

PMID- 3375635
TI  - [The role of orthopedic or surgical treatment of the neurological complications
      of traumatic lesions of the dorsolumbar spine].

PMID- 3375637
TI  - [Concepts of the biomechanics of the human spine].

PMID- 3375636
TI  - [Proprioceptive rehabilitation of the injured spine].

PMID- 3375638
TI  - [The contribution of CT scanning in spinal pathology].

PMID- 3375639
TI  - [Treatment of spinal deformities in children: posterior arthrodesis].

PMID- 3375640
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the herniated cervical disk].

PMID- 3375642
TI  - [Fatigue fractures].

PMID- 3375641
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of primary osseous tumors of the spine].

PMID- 3375643
TI  - [Bone metastases and hypercalcemia in cancer].

PMID- 3375644
TI  - [Action of prazosin on vasospasm in white finger disease].

PMID- 3375645
TI  - [Isthmic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3375646
TI  - [Serotonin Symposium. 5 November 1986. Proceedings].

PMID- 3375647
TI  - [5-hydroxytryptamine, an endogenous amine].

PMID- 3375648
TI  - [Blood platelets and serotonin].

PMID- 3375649
TI  - [Specific aspects of the action of serotonin and ketanserin in the regulation of
      arterial pressure].

PMID- 3375650
TI  - [What does the introduction of ketanserin for the treatment of arterial
      hypertension represent?].

PMID- 3375651
TI  - [Current aspects of the "cholesterol neurosis"].

PMID- 3375652
TI  - [Corticotherapy and thrombocytopenic purpura in children: retrospective study].

PMID- 3375653
TI  - [Hepatitis following dextropropoxyphene: a case report].

PMID- 3375654
TI  - [Chronic abdominal pain and hypertension].

PMID- 3375655
TI  - [Carnivora--phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant diseases.
      Documentation No. 15].

PMID- 3375656
TI  - [Parasitic disease of the small intestine].

PMID- 3375657
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

PMID- 3375658
TI  - [Therapy of drug addicts with methadone: guidelines for Zurich and evaluation of
      results].

PMID- 3375659
TI  - [Treatment of drug addicts with methadone in medical practice-- problems of the
      treatment of heroin addicts with methadone in view of the HIV epidemic].

PMID- 3375660
TI  - [Optimal indications for the cardiological stress test].

PMID- 3375661
TI  - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of lung metastases (1960-1985)].

PMID- 3375662
TI  - [One-day trial therapy with 500 mg clotrimazole vaginal tablets and 150 mg
      econazole nitrate-depot ovules in vaginal mycoses: results of an open comparative
      study].

PMID- 3375663
TI  - [Incomplete umbilical cord rupture and fetal distress].

PMID- 3375664
TI  - [Nausea and a feeling of distension].

PMID- 3375665
TI  - [A case from practice (106). Patient: Mrs A.-Z., born 9-30-1929].

PMID- 3375666
TI  - [Development of melanoma mortality in Switzerland].

PMID- 3375667
TI  - [Melanoma precursors].

PMID- 3375669
TI  - [Histopathology of brown skin spots and melanocytic tumors].

PMID- 3375668
TI  - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of melanoma of the skin].

PMID- 3375670
TI  - [Malignant melanoma. Prognostic factors].

PMID- 3375671
TI  - [Primary therapy of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 3375672
TI  - [Early diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the skin. A pilot study from Basel].

PMID- 3375673
TI  - [The relationship of a married couple, defense mechanism when faced with the
      anxiety of death].

PMID- 3375674
TI  - [Patients with an excised rectum: psychological, familial and sexual difficulties
      (apropos of 10 cases)].

PMID- 3375676
TI  - [Providing psychological support to the child with cancer through work with the
      parents].

PMID- 3375675
TI  - [Apprising the sex partner in gynecologic cancers].

PMID- 3375677
TI  - [The nurse's relationship to the young child and its mother].

PMID- 3375678
TI  - [Caregivers faced with informing the cancerous patient and his family: an
      inquiry].

PMID- 3375680
TI  - [Questionnaire survey among families who recently had a member die in a cancer
      service].

PMID- 3375679
TI  - [Caregiver-family relations in the terminal phases].

PMID- 3375681
TI  - [The family circle of cancer patients treated in sterile chambers].

PMID- 3375683
TI  - [The work of the hospital team in relation to the family of the child with
      cancer].

PMID- 3375682
TI  - [Inquiry on risk factors in childhood cancers. Psychological impact of
      interrogation of the parents].

PMID- 3375684
TI  - [Coping of the family in adult hematology: Catherine and Bernard].

PMID- 3375685
TI  - [Diaphragmatic hernias in aged persons].

PMID- 3375686
TI  - [Diagnostic aspects of coronary disease: clinical picture and non-invasive
      tests].

PMID- 3375687
TI  - [10 point EMG studies of the carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 3375688
TI  - [Anorexia, bulimia ... the forgotten body].

PMID- 3375689
TI  - [Is a family policy possible in the hospital?].

PMID- 3375690
TI  - [Listeriosis].

PMID- 3375691
TI  - [Metatarsalgia].

PMID- 3375692
TI  - [The fate of drug addicts, taken care of by methadone therapy in the Canton of
      Vaud (1976-1986)].

PMID- 3375693
TI  - [Acute delusion psychosis (acute delusion crisis) secondary to a dental
      infection].

PMID- 3375694
TI  - Septic anaerobic jugular phlebitis with pulmonary embolism: problems in
      management.
AB  - Anaerobic gram-negative bacillary bacteremia and multiple septic pulmonary emboli
      developed rapidly in two previously healthy young men after an episode of
      pharyngitis. One patient developed proptosis and subsequent uniocular blindness.
      In both cases facial swelling was an early sign of jugular vein involvement. In
      patients not responding to antibiotic therapy, systemic anticoagulation or
      surgical venous ligation may be potentially useful as an additional therapeutic
      measure. Septic jugular vein phlebitis is a serious condition that requires early
      recognition and rapid institution of appropriate therapy.

PMID- 3375696
TI  - Introduction to community studies of severe measles: comparative test of the
      crowding/exposure hypothesis.

PMID- 3375695
TI  - Pneumococcal bacteremia in adults over a 10-year period at University Hospital,
      Leiden.
AB  - The medical records on all cases of pneumococcal bacteremia in adults at the
      University Hospital, Leiden, over a 10-year period (1976-1986) were
      retrospectively reviewed. In this series of 147 episodes (an annual incidence of
      0.8 episodes/10,000 adults), overall mortality was 25.9%. Factors significantly
      related to a higher mortality rate were shock, respiratory insufficiency,
      preexisting renal failure, and rapidly fatal underlying disease. Several
      laboratory abnormalities-such as a low percentage of band forms, an elevated
      level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, and hyperbilirubinemia-were significantly
      related to a poor outcome. Multilobar pneumonia and meningitis were both
      associated with high mortality, although not to a statistically significant
      degree. Discriminant analysis showed the presence of shock as the most powerful
      predictive factor of death. Surprisingly, prior splenectomy did not correlate
      with higher mortality. Treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics favorably
      influenced the outcome of illness in patients with ultimately fatal and nonfatal
      underlying disease, while the use of these agents in patients with rapidly fatal
      underlying disease did not correlate significantly with a good prognosis.

PMID- 3375697
TI  - Severe measles in Copenhagen, 1915-1925.
AB  - Among the 2,208 cases of measles at the Infectious Disease Hospital of Copenhagen
      during the period 1915-1925, the case-fatality ratio was 13%. Mortality was
      significantly higher for secondary cases (those acquired at home) than for index
      cases; this difference in mortality was independent of family size. Moreover,
      mortality was higher for secondary cases than for cases acquired in institutions
      and hospitals. Children infected at day care institutions had the lowest
      mortality.

PMID- 3375698
TI  - Increased measles mortality in households with multiple cases in the Gambia,
      1981.
AB  - Analysis of previously collected data from measles outbreaks in three Gambian
      villages demonstrated that an age of less than 3 years was the primary risk
      factor for death in the months following measles infection. No association was
      found between overall measles mortality and size of household or number of
      measles cases in a household. When the analysis was confined to patients less
      than 3 years of age (i.e., those most likely to die), measles mortality was
      strongly associated with the occurrence of more than five measles cases in a
      household. Intensive exposure to measles virus may, therefore, be a secondary
      risk factor for death following measles. Reducing measles mortality by altering
      social patterns and elevating socioeconomic status to reduce exposure to the
      virus is beyond the scope of most public health programs. Age-appropriate
      immunization, therefore, remains the principal strategy for preventing death
      following measles.

PMID- 3375699
TI  - Increased risk of measles mortality for children with siblings among the Fula
      Bande, Senegal.
AB  - In a survey of the Fula Bande, a rural population of Senegal, deaths and causes
      of death have been registered during an 8-year period. Measles is responsible for
      31% of deaths of children 6 months to 9 years old. Under the mortality conditions
      of the period studied, a 6-month-old child has a 15% chance of dying from measles
      at some point. Children with siblings have a higher mortality risk during measles
      epidemics than children without siblings. Since the risk of infection seems equal
      in these two groups, the difference is probably due to more severe infection
      among multiple cases with close contact. In one epidemic where measles cases were
      registered, case-fatality rates were indeed higher in compounds with several
      measles cases.

PMID- 3375700
TI  - Mortality among primary and secondary cases of measles in Bangladesh.
AB  - Data were reviewed from an intensive 1975-1976 survey in two Bangladeshi villages
      that experienced a high incidence of measles. Mortality among secondary cases
      (four of 50, 8.0%) was significantly higher than that among primary cases (six of
      290, 2.1%). In every case in which there was a death in a household with more
      than one case, it was the youngest patient who died. All children with secondary
      cases who died had a pre-illness weight-for-height status above the population
      mean. Measles mortality in Bangladesh appears to be determined by three factors:
      age, superinfections, and having a secondary case. The last two factors may be
      due to increased intrafamilial exposure to both the measles virus and the
      superinfecting pathogens.

PMID- 3375701
TI  - Further community studies on the role of overcrowding and intensive exposure on
      measles mortality.
AB  - Studies of measles mortality have continued for several years in an urban area of
      Guinea-Bissau. The case-fatality ratio has been as high as 15% despite a
      relatively good state of nutrition in the community. Mortality has been
      significantly higher for secondary cases in houses with several cases than for
      index cases. Of the deaths from measles, 85% have been the result of secondary
      cases. Sociocultural institutions such as multifamily dwellings, which foster
      close contact of many susceptible children, increase the risk of measles
      mortality.

PMID- 3375702
TI  - Anatomy for epidemiologists.

PMID- 3375703
TI  - [Surgical treatment of severe forms of intestinal amebiasis. Experience at the
      Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Nutrition].

PMID- 3375705
TI  - [Value of endoscopic smears of the duodenal mucosa in the diagnosis of giardiasis
      in adults].

PMID- 3375704
TI  - [Incipient gastric carcinoma].

PMID- 3375706
TI  - [Reasons for a strike].

PMID- 3375708
TI  - [The general shape of Social Security].

PMID- 3375707
TI  - [More flexible timetables for nurses?].

PMID- 3375709
TI  - [A child with recent diabetes cared for through hospitalisation at home].

PMID- 3375711
TI  - [Eczemas].

PMID- 3375710
TI  - [A unit for short stay in psychiatry for old patients].

PMID- 3375712
TI  - [From what will they live tomorrow?. Interview by Marie-Helene Manillier].

PMID- 3375713
TI  - [Day hospitalization in gynecology].

PMID- 3375714
TI  - [Surgery for myopia].

PMID- 3375716
TI  - [Epilatory creme rather than shaving].

PMID- 3375715
TI  - [Surveillance of hospital restaurants].

PMID- 3375717
TI  - [Laminar air-flow compartments].

PMID- 3375718
TI  - [Acute seromucous otitis in young children].

PMID- 3375720
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging].

PMID- 3375719
TI  - [Joseph, where are your ears?].

PMID- 3375721
TI  - [Moscontin].

PMID- 3375723
TI  - [Chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 3375724
TI  - [Self monitoring of diabetes].

PMID- 3375725
TI  - [The child with cancer and its family].

PMID- 3375726
TI  - [Care-giver and patient at the same time].

PMID- 3375728
TI  - [Unity makes strong].

PMID- 3375727
TI  - [Hospitalization at home: todays reality].

PMID- 3375729
TI  - [Health records for the aged. Why? For whom?].

PMID- 3375730
TI  - [Aspirin for all? All for aspirin?].

PMID- 3375731
TI  - [Elements of sports injuries].

PMID- 3375733
TI  - [Sexually transmissible diseases].

PMID- 3375732
TI  - [Skin manifestations caused by caustics].

PMID- 3375734
TI  - [Supervision during nursing education].

PMID- 3375735
TI  - ["Please, write me a report!"].

PMID- 3375736
TI  - [Towards the disappearance of BCG?].

PMID- 3375737
TI  - Predictive value of coagulation tests in arterial thrombosis.
AB  - In five large-scale prospective studies the predictive value of hemostatic
      parameters indicating the occurrence of arterial thrombotic diseases has been
      estimated in healthy individuals. All the studies have consistently found a
      statistically significant association between hyperfibrinogenemia and arterial
      thrombotic diseases. In two studies, increased levels of factor VII were
      associated with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease. The
      relationship between arterial occlusive diseases and plasma levels of fibrinogen
      or factor VII was closer than that for other well established risk factors such
      as plasma cholesterol. These data indicate the important pathogenetic role
      carried out by alterations of the clotting system in occlusive arterial diseases.

PMID- 3375739
TI  - Should natural selection be an explanation of last resort? Well, maybe not the
      last resort, but.....

PMID- 3375738
TI  - Serum procollagen type III peptide levels in patients with acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - Serum levels of procollagen type III peptide were measured by radioimmunoassay in
      76 consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis, in order to see if this index
      of hepatic fibrogenesis is also predictive for the development of chronic active
      hepatitis in high-risk patients. Serum procollagen levels were high (from 14.2 to
      109.2 ng/ml, median 33.7 ng/ml) in 74 (97%) patients and normal (from 4 to 14
      ng/ml, median 9.1 ng/ml) in 2 (3%) patients. The baseline serum procollagen
      levels were similar in all the subgroups of patients independently of the type of
      hepatitis. In the 59 patients with resolving hepatitis, serum procollagen levels
      returned to normal values from 2 to 48 weeks (mean 15). In the 17 patients with
      unresolved hepatitis, procollagen levels remained within the normal limits in 6
      of 7 patients with non-progressive chronic disease, while were elevated (from
      17.4 to 22.2 ng/ml) in 4 of 5 patients with chronic active hepatitis. Unlike
      transaminase activity, which could not discriminate between benign and
      progressive liver disease, serum levels of procollagen helped in identifying
      patients with unresolved hepatitis, who were developing chronic active disease.

PMID- 3375740
TI  - [Man-ape, an experiment not to be done].

PMID- 3375741
TI  - The human genome.

PMID- 3375742
TI  - Crippled microbes.

PMID- 3375743
TI  - Neurotoxicity of amphotericin B methyl ester in dogs.
AB  - Clinical and neuropathologic effects of chronically administered intravenous (iv)
      amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) were observed in 3 male dogs (2 German
      shorthaired pointers and 1 pit bull). Each dog received 6.2-7.3 g of AME (299-327
      mg/kg body weight) over a period of 11-12 weeks. One dog developed neurologic
      signs of severe diffuse brain dysfunction and at necropsy all 3 dogs had a marked
      leukoencephalopathy, most severe in centrum ovale and subcortical white matter of
      frontal lobes. Brain histopathology included diffuse myelin loss, oligodendrocyte
      depletion, accumulation of macrophages filled with sudanophilic lipid, fibrillary
      astrogliosis, and swelling or fragmentation of many axons. Two control dogs
      administered iv glucose showed no neuropathologic abnormalities. These findings
      closely resemble the clinical and neuropathologic abnormalities that developed in
      patients during the first human trial of AME for treatment of fungal infections,
      but differ from those of animal studies that did not closely simulate the long
      term drug administration required for antifungal therapy in humans. It was
      concluded that before human clinical trial is authorized, experimental protocols
      for animal studies of drug toxicity should reflect the anticipated human use of
      the drug, both in dose and duration.

PMID- 3375744
TI  - Methotrexate: assessment of in vivo clastogenicity and carcinogenicity.
AB  - The genotoxic and oncogenic potentials of methotrexate were studied in Sprague
      Dawley rats. The rats received 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg of methotrexate as dietary
      admixtures on a 5 days on, 9 days off, regimen for 23 months. In the females of
      the high-dose group, there was a significant increase in mortality starting at 18
      months. Significant increases in the number of rats with focal pulmonary
      interstitial fibrosis were seen in both sexes at the high-dose level. At the mid-
      and high-dose levels of both sexes, there was a significantly increased number of
      rats with myeloid and erythroid bone marrow hypoplasia. There was no evidence of
      either early onset or increased incidence of any tumor type in the treatment
      groups. Therefore, it is concluded that methotrexate does not have oncogenic
      potential. Also, at terminal sacrifice, bone marrow cells were harvested from
      selected animals on the last day of the 5-day dosing cycle and cytogenetic
      evaluation was performed. No significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was
      seen in any dose group relative to the control group. This observation further
      substantiates the absence of oncogenic potential due to methotrexate in rats.

PMID- 3375745
TI  - Effects of variation of necropsy time and fasting on liver weights and liver
      components in rats.
AB  - In rats, percent liver weight loss is greater than percent body weight loss
      within the 8 A.M.-4 P.M. period of the working day. The liver weight loss is
      principally the result of decreased water content, either carbohydrate (glycogen)
      bound water in rats with access to feed, or protein bound water in rats fasted
      overnight. During this period, percent kidney weight loss is approximately equal
      to percent body weight loss. To optimize the sensitivity of kidney and liver
      weight evaluation, it is recommended that rats be fasted overnight and that
      relative liver and kidney weights be expressed based on body weights taken
      immediately prior to necropsy. Since these procedures will not entirely eliminate
      necropsy time-related organ weight differences, the animal necropsy sequence must
      be randomized to distribute the remaining differences across all treatment
      groups.

PMID- 3375746
TI  - 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol toxicity in aged rats.
AB  - Various anesthetics are metabolized by different forms of cytochrome P-450
      yielding the same toxic metabolite, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The toxicity of
      TFE is a consequence of its metabolism catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. Since a
      marked age difference exists in the composition and inducibility of the hepatic
      mixed function oxidase system, we have elucidated the toxicity of TFE in 36-month
      old aged Wistar rats. The aged rats were injected with sublethal doses of TFE
      (0.10 g/kg once per week for 5 weeks), after which they were sacrificed for
      pathologic examination. The major TFE-related lesions observed were severe
      hepatocyte degenerative changes such as basophilic, eosinophilic, vacuolated
      hepatocytes, bile duct hyperplasia, accumulation of lipofuscin pigments, and
      preneoplastic nodules. Other changes seen were the hyalinization of gastric
      submucosal wall, generalized testicular atrophy due to the loss of seminiferous
      tubules, coagulation necrosis of intestinal mucosal wall, hyperpigmentation, and
      more advanced and severe chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in the TFE
      treated rats. More severe lipofuscin and vacuolation of white matter of thalamic
      area, pons, midbrain, and cerebellum reflective of enhanced aging were also seen.
      Ultrastructural studies of liver from TFE-treated rats revealed rather diffuse
      loss of glycogen, fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum, mineralization of
      mitochondria, and loss of other organelles within the hepatocytes versus saline
      treated aged rats. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations, measured as a
      possible index of endoplasmic reticulum damage, were not affected by TFE
      administration.

PMID- 3375747
TI  - Primary cardiac hemangiosarcomas induced by 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 hybrid mice.
AB  - Proliferative vascular lesions of the heart were found in mice exposed
      chronically to 1,3-butadiene by inhalation with an overall incidence of 30% in
      males and 43% in females. Based on histological criteria, the lesions were
      subclassified as endothelial hyperplasia with an incidence of 7% in males and 13%
      in females and hemangiosarcoma with an incidence of 23% and 30%, respectively. A
      dose-relationship for both lesions was observed in females, but not in males. The
      absence of a dose response in males was most likely due to the lower survival
      rate for high-dose animals (14%) when compared to the lower-dose animals (22%).
      Endothelial hyperplasia was characterized by widened vascular spaces lined by a
      single layer of plump endothelial cells. When cellular pleomorphism and piling up
      of endothelial nuclei were observed, the lesion was diagnosed as hemangiosarcoma.
      Ultrastructural examination of hemangiosarcomas revealed lumen formation,
      intercellular junctions and cytoplasmic filaments. Pinocytotic vesicles which are
      1 of the characteristics of endothelial cells could not be identified with
      certainty. Weibel-Palade bodies were not detected in the neoplastic endothelium.
      Metastatic lesions were observed in liver, lung and kidney. To date, 1,3
      butadiene is the only carcinogen reported that induces proliferative vascular
      lesions in the heart of mice.

PMID- 3375748
TI  - I'm too smart to be a doctor.

PMID- 3375749
TI  - If a supervisor creates more problems than she solves.

PMID- 3375750
TI  - Out of the water, but not out of the woods.

PMID- 3375752
TI  - Smooth the way for safe emergency transfers.

PMID- 3375751
TI  - Ca with metastasis to family life.

PMID- 3375753
TI  - When you have to think small for a neurological exam (continuing education
      credit).

PMID- 3375754
TI  - The "other" STDs: as dangerous as ever (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3375755
TI  - Geriatric infections: skin and soft tissue.

PMID- 3375756
TI  - Drug screening and your rights.

PMID- 3375757
TI  - [Various rib anomalies].
AB  - Three patients are presented who were suffering from different anomalies of the
      ribs: There was one each plus and minus variant and a female patient with Gorlin
      Goltz syndrome (basal cell nevus syndrome) demonstrating several changes in the
      ribs as an expression of a genetically determined segmentation disturbance. These
      presentations are followed by a detailed discussion on the types and causes of
      such anomalies.

PMID- 3375758
TI  - [Osteomyelitis of the sacrum].
AB  - In the axial skeleton, osteomyelitis of the os sacrum is rare, although it occurs
      more frequently than tuberculosis of the sacrum. Secondary osteomyelitis as a
      complication of tumours, metastases or inflammatory processes of the adjacent
      areas is seen more often than primary sacral osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3375759
TI  - [Palmer-Sandberg-Gutmann chiropractic diagnosis of the atlanto-occipital joint
      from the conventional medical and radiologic viewpoints].
AB  - There can be no lateral displacement of the atlas (massae laterales) in relation
      to the condyles, because this is impossible from an anatomical point of view,
      neither "angular" (atlas A rule) nor "non-angular" (atlas B rule) in the sense of
      the "hole-in-one (HIO)" diagnostic method evolved by the U.S. chiropractor
      Palmer. The course of the condyle baseline is not altered by a lateral
      displacement of the atlas in relation to the condyles, but by a tilting rotation
      of the condyles in respect of the atlas. Rotatory movements will result, among
      other phenomena, in a change of the course of the condyle and atlas baseline due
      to projection-produced changes in the region of the atlanto-occipital and atlas
      axis joints. Last but not least, the course of the condyle and atlas baseline is
      also influenced by other functional parameters, another important parameter being
      an asymmetrically constructed joint.

PMID- 3375760
TI  - [Pulmonary siderosis in an arc welder].
AB  - An arc welder of 32 years of age is presented with a random finding of miliar
      reticulonodular shadows in the plain film of the thorax. Subjectively and
      objectively the patient appears healthy. The presence of a pneumoconiosis is
      confirmed by biopsy. Differential diagnosis had to consider sarcoidosis and
      pulmonary siderosis in view of the known professional anamnesis. This case report
      underlines the reped demand to assess x-ray films of the thoracic organs only if
      the clinical findings and anamnesis are thoroughly known.

PMID- 3375761
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of converting enzyme inhibitors].

PMID- 3375762
TI  - [Converting enzyme inhibitors and arterial hypertension].

PMID- 3375763
TI  - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency with angiotensin-converting enzyme
      inhibitors].

PMID- 3375764
TI  - [How to prescribe converting enzyme inhibitors].

PMID- 3375765
TI  - [Antistaphylococcal penicillins. Current indications].

PMID- 3375766
TI  - [The role of cephalosporins in beta-lactam antibiotics. Mode of action. Concept
      of pharmacokinetics].

PMID- 3375767
TI  - [First and second generation cephalosporins].

PMID- 3375768
TI  - [Tetracyclines: pharmacology, microbiological data, current indications and
      complications].

PMID- 3375769
TI  - [Chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol].

PMID- 3375770
TI  - [Quinolones in 1988].

PMID- 3375771
TI  - [Europe against cancer].

PMID- 3375772
TI  - [Mechanism of Felty's syndrome and long-term course].
AB  - The authors report 18 cases of Felty's syndrome followed, in an average, for 5
      years (1 to 12 years). There were 3 deaths, 9 patients are in complete remission,
      6 others still show signs of the disease: splenomegaly (4 cases), leucopenia (1
      case) and only one complete Felty's syndrome. Steroid therapy has proved to be
      effective regardless of the mechanism of the neutropenia specified in 9 cases by
      an isotopic study. Prognosis and infectious risk are difficult to determine but
      the overall course was rather favorable.

PMID- 3375773
TI  - [Arthropathies in patients hemodialyzed over 10 years. Apropos of 84 patients].

PMID- 3375774
TI  - [Paget's disease and vertebral block. Apropos of 9 cases].

PMID- 3375775
TI  - [Study of alveolitis by bronchoalveolar lavage in rheumatoid polyarthritis with
      or without interstitial pulmonary involvement].

PMID- 3375776
TI  - [Anterior tibial enthesopathy disclosing polychondritis].

PMID- 3375777
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism and polymyositis].

PMID- 3375778
TI  - Folic acid--an innocuous means to reduce plasma homocysteine.
AB  - With an improved highly reproducible method, we measured total plasma
      homocysteine (free plus protein-bound) and related amino acids in the fasting
      state in healthy subjects, before and after treatment with co-factors for
      homocysteine metabolism: 1 mg cyanocobalamin (n = 14), 5 mg folic acid (n = 13)
      or 40 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride (n = 15) daily for 14 days. Cyanocobalamin and
      pyridoxine hydrochloride had no effects on plasma levels of amino acids, but
      folic acid had a considerable homocysteine-lowering effect. Total plasma
      homocysteine was reduced in all but two subjects, from 19.9 +/- 4.4 (mean +/-
      SEM) to 9.5 +/- 1.0 mumol/l (-52%, p less than 0.01). We propose that folic acid
      in excess acts by enhancing the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The
      finding confirms a previous report by us. Since homocysteine is considered to be
      an atherogenic amino acid and recent reports suggest that mild to moderate
      homocysteinaemia is also associated with premature vascular disease, treatment
      with folic acid might be of use as prophylaxis.

PMID- 3375779
TI  - In vivo production of thromboxane and prostacyclin in patients following total
      hip arthroplasty.
AB  - The in vivo production of thromboxane and prostacyclin was studied by
      measurements of their major urinary metabolites in eight patients undergoing
      total hip arthroplasty. Specific methods based on gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry were used to measure the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TxB2 and 2,3
      dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The excretion of these metabolites increased about 10
      fold during the intra and immediate postoperative period and 4 days after surgery
      was still higher than during the preoperative period. The increased thromboxane
      formation reflects probable activation of platelets whereas the increased
      prostacyclin could be part of a vascular defense against induced thrombotic
      activity. These findings may have pathophysiological implications.

PMID- 3375780
TI  - Contrast media as markers for glomerular filtration: a pharmacokinetic comparison
      of four agents.
AB  - In this study methods for the assay of the iodine-containing radiographic
      contrast agents metrizoate, amidotrizoate and iothalamate found in serum and
      urine have been developed. The method involved reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This technique was used to
      compare the clearance of these agents, in a group of healthy female volunteers,
      after a single small-dose injection (5 ml, 2275-3235 mg). In the period 0-4 h
      after injection, serum elimination was approximated by a two-compartment model.
      However, a full description of drug fate in the body required at least three
      compartments. Plasma clearance was significantly different between agents with
      means of 191, 130, 144 and 121 ml/min for metrizoate, amidotrizoate, iothalamate
      and iohexol, respectively, whereas no difference was found between the
      renal/plasma clearance ratio. Protein binding measured with equilibrium dialysis
      did not suggest binding to serum proteins by any of these agents irrespective of
      concentration.

PMID- 3375781
TI  - Age-related reference values for ionized calcium in the first week of life in
      premature and full-term neonates.
AB  - Reference values for ionized calcium were measured in anaerobic samples of
      capillary blood from 22 healthy premature neonates, gestational age 33-36 weeks,
      birth weight 1660-2480 g. Reference values (mean +/- 2SE) for premature neonates
      aged 5-12, 13-19, 25-48, 51-72, 77-99, 108-140, 150-185 h were: 1.21 +/- 0.16,
      1.17 +/- 0.12, 1.21 +/- 0.16, 1.28 +/- 0.18, 1.34 +/- 0.14, 1.38 +/- 0.13, 1.40
      +/- 0.16 mmol/l, respectively. Ionized calcium in 59 full-term neonates with mild
      pathological hyperbilirubinaemia (no phototherapy needed) and 28 neonates born by
      section (no neonatal complications) showed no statistical difference (unpaired t
      test) in age-related values compared with matching healthy neonates with no
      clinical remarks. Data for full-term neonates were pooled and age-related
      reference values (mean +/- 2SE) for ionized calcium in capillary whole blood for
      168 full-term neonates, gestational age 38-41 weeks, birth weight 2550-4700 g,
      aged 1-12, 13-24, 25-48, 49-72, 73-99, 99-120, 121-144, 146-168, 178-264 h were:
      1.24 +/- 0.11, 1.19 +/- 0.12, 1.21 +/- 0.13, 1.22 +/- 0.14, 1.29 +/- 0.17, 1.35
      +/- 0.12, 1.37 +/- 0.12, 1.38 +/- 0.16, 1.40 +/- 0.10 mmol/l, respectively.

PMID- 3375782
TI  - Erythropoietic protoporphyria: a quantitative determination of erythrocyte
      protoporphyrin in individual cells by flow cytometry.
AB  - A fraction of the erythrocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria
      contains large amounts of protoporphyrin. By extraction methods, only a mean
      value of the protoporphyrin content in erythrocytes is obtained. In this study,
      flow cytometry was used to determine the protoporphyrin content in each
      individual erythrocyte. The mean erythrocyte protoporphyrin fluorescence,
      calculated from flow cytometric data, correlated linearly to the mean cellular
      protoporphyrin concentration measured by ethyl acetate/acetic acid extraction.
      This indicates that flow cytometry gives a reliable quantitative determination of
      protoporphyrin in individual cells. Erythrocytes from patients with
      erythropoietic protoporphyria had a markedly skewed distribution of
      protoporphyrin. In the most fluorescent erythrocytes (protoporphyrin
      concentration 3.3 mM), there was about one protoporphyrin molecule for every
      sixth haeme molecule. This might explain the slight anaemia in some of these
      patients.

PMID- 3375783
TI  - Selling rubber band by the metre: the price of specific antibodies.

PMID- 3375784
TI  - [The epidemiology of Borrelia burgdorferi infections. A pilot study from the
      Mannedorf area].
AB  - Only a few investigations have been conducted into the incidence of Lyme
      borreliosis and the prevalence and clinical value of increased antibody titers
      against Borrelia burgdorferi. We prospectively examined 241 persons and found
      increased titers in 23 (9.5%); only two of them had a history of Lyme
      borreliosis. The concentrations of increased IgG-antibody titers in healthy
      persons were comparable to those in patients with actual Lyme borreliosis. In the
      latter, IgM-antibodies were frequently absent. Our results suggest an infection
      rate of about 10% in this region of Switzerland. They further emphasize that the
      diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis must primarily be established clinically and by
      exclusion of other etiology.

PMID- 3375785
TI  - [Chronic formaldehyde exposure--a misunderstood disease?].
AB  - A family with chronic exposure to formaldehyde in a renovated apartment is
      reported. The source of exposure proved to be chipboard. The family members'
      symptoms were eye and upper airway irritation, malaise, headache, nausea,
      sleeping disturbances, irritability and lack of appetite. At first the syndrome
      was thought to be psychosomatic and the correct diagnosis was overlooked. Ten
      years after beginning of the chronic exposure a formaldehyde level of 0.35 ppm
      was still recorded in the apartment. Sources, symptoms and diagnosis of chronic
      formaldehyde immission are discussed.

PMID- 3375786
TI  - [Pathogenesis of carotid cerebrovascular accidents in an elderly cohort. Study of
      62 patients more than 75 years old].
AB  - We have studied the cause of stroke in 62 patients aged over 75 years who
      suffered transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and minor stroke, compared to a control
      group of younger (age 45-74 years) patients with stroke of the same severity.
      Patients aged over 75 years had a higher incidence of events of undetermined
      origin, cardiac embolism, or multiple etiologies. This contrasted with a low
      prevalence of ischemic events secondary to stenosing carotid atheromatosis, and
      (to a lesser extent) hypertensive arteriolopathy, which predominated in the
      control group. The differences may be explained in part by a different
      distribution of risk factors in the older and younger patients, the latter being
      at higher risk for earlier vascular death.

PMID- 3375787
TI  - [Effectiveness of oral, attenuated live Salmonella typhi Ty 21a vaccine in
      controlled field trials].
AB  - The first live oral typhoid vaccine (strain Salmonella typhi Ty 21a) distributed
      under the trade name of "Vivotif" has been evaluated for safety and efficacy in
      volunteer studies and in large-scale, placebo-controlled, double-blind field
      trials. While the data demonstrated that the vaccine was well tolerated, the
      level of efficacy varied distinctly. It is probable that the differences observed
      can be chiefly attributed to the various vaccine formulations evaluated to
      facilitate the passage of the acid-sensitive vaccine strain through the acid
      environment of the stomach. Based upon these results, the initially marketed
      formulation (2 bicarbonate capsules + vaccine capsule) was changed to an acid
      resistant capsule which was subsequently evaluated in a field trial conducted in
      Chile and involving 44,000 school age children. Following 4 years of
      surveillance, a protection rate of 70% was obtained. To further optimize the
      means of delivering the vaccine, a formulation consisting of lyophilized vaccine
      reconstituted in a buffer solution is now being evaluated in a Chilean and
      Indonesian field trial. A similar though less practicable formulation showed
      excellent efficacy (approximately 95%) in a previous Egyptian field trial.

PMID- 3375788
TI  - [Cerebral cavernoma as a cause of recurrent cerebral hemorrhage and epileptic
      insults].
AB  - Cerebral cavernous angiomas or cavernomas have been increasingly diagnosed in
      recent years as a cause of recurrent cerebral hemorrhage or epilepsy. Some
      cavernomas exhibit a tumorous growth tendency. On CT-scan, cavernomas appear as
      variably cystic lesions often with focal calcifications. The lesion may be masked
      by a surrounding hematoma. Seventeen cases were observed initially or on follow
      up within 3 years. Examination of the surgical specimens allowed differentiation
      of the lesions into several subtypes correlating to the different clinical
      courses. The diagnosis of cavernomas is important since these lesions can be
      cured surgically. The spontaneous clinical course, however, is usually
      progressive.

PMID- 3375789
TI  - [Spontaneous course of aortic valve disease and indications for aortic valve
      replacement].
AB  - 190 adult patients with aortic valve disease have been followed up after initial
      cardiac catheterization until death or aortic valve replacement (event-free
      survival). Neither hemodynamic severity nor symptoms alone were reliable
      predictors of survival, but the combination of both was very helpful. In the
      presence of hemodynamically and symptomatically severe aortic stenosis and aortic
      regurgitation only 40% of patients survived for two years, but patients with
      hemodynamically severe aortic stenosis but with few or no symptoms had 100%
      survival at two years and 75% were event free at five years. In hemodynamically
      severe aortic regurgitation two asymptomatic patients died within the first two
      years (94% survival at two years) and 65% were event free at five years. In the
      absence of coronary artery disease there was no mortality within the first two
      years in moderate or mild stenosis and regurgitation regardless of symptomatic
      status. Hemodynamically and symptomatically severe aortic stenosis and
      regurgitation have a very poor prognosis and require immediate valve surgery.
      Asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with hemodynamically severe aortic
      stenosis are at low risk and surgical treatment can be postponed until marked
      symptoms appear without significant risk of sudden death. In severe aortic
      regurgitation, the decision to perform surgery should depend not only on symptoms
      but should be considered in patients with few or no symptoms because of the risk
      of sudden death. In the absence of coronary artery disease, hemodynamically
      moderate aortic valve disease does not require valve surgery on prognostic
      grounds.

PMID- 3375790
TI  - [The effect of Broncho-Vaxom on the IgE and IgG serum levels in patients with
      bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease].

PMID- 3375791
TI  - [2-year anti-HIV donor screening in the Central Laboratory of the Swiss Red Cross
      Blood Transfusion Service].
AB  - 612526 blood donations collected by the Central Laboratory of the Swiss Red Cross
      Blood Transfusion Service between July 1985 and June 1987 were routinely tested
      for antibodies to HIV.96 donations (82 men, 14 women were anti-HIV positive
      (0.157%, 1 of 6369 donations). The prevalence of anti-HIV positive donations was
      higher in men (0.172%, 1/5814) than in women (0.104%, 1/9615). Donations
      collected in military units were markedly more frequently seropositive (0.570%,
      1/1754 in refresher courses, 0.261%, 1/3831 in recruit training). Excluding
      military donations, donations from men (0.077%) were less frequently HIV
      seropositive than donations from women (0.104%). The prevalence of seropositive
      donations was 4.4 times higher in new donors than in repeat donors. Regarding age
      distribution, the peak of seropositive donations was observed, as expected, in
      the third decade. Donations from French speaking Swiss had a clearly higher HIV
      prevalence than those of German speaking Swiss. As a result of continuous donor
      information and selection, the number of anti-HIV positive results decreased
      during the 4 half years covered by our study. It was lowest at the end of the
      observation period (0.098% or 1/10200 between January and June 1987). Doubtful
      positive results were recorded chiefly among women, at a rate increasing with
      age. The majority of such results are presumably due to antibodies with other
      specificities and must therefore be considered false positive.

PMID- 3375792
TI  - [Septic melioidosis following a visit to India].
AB  - A case is reported of lethal septicemic melioidosis due to Pseudomonas
      pseudomallei in a 40-year-old woman who had been in India. The epidemiology,
      clinical findings and management of this unusual disease are discussed. The
      diagnostic value of serological tests and in vitro sensitivity of Pseudomonas
      pseudomallei to various antibiotics are outlined. Melioidosis should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of any febrile condition in a person
      returning from a tropical country.

PMID- 3375794
TI  - [Other cells in the ejaculate of steers].

PMID- 3375793
TI  - [Action of sodium selenite and choline selenite on the level of erythrocytic
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in cattle deficient in selenium].

PMID- 3375795
TI  - [Parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes of game ungulates in the Belgian Ardennes].

PMID- 3375796
TI  - [The treatment of equine sarcoidosis by carbon dioxide laser].

PMID- 3375798
TI  - [Special cells in the ejaculate of steers. II. Quantitative studies].

PMID- 3375797
TI  - [Evaluation of the results of performance tests for stallions and the Swiss
      saddle horse shows].

PMID- 3375799
TI  - [What is your diagnosis? Which treatment do you suggest? Massive ascaridia
      infection].

PMID- 3375801
TI  - Impaired free water clearance: a common problem in the elderly.

PMID- 3375800
TI  - [Diseases and reasons of culling in Swiss dairy cows. 1. Frequency and recurrence
      of diseases].

PMID- 3375802
TI  - Dakotacare in trouble?

PMID- 3375803
TI  - The fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 3375805
TI  - Risk assessment reappraisals.

PMID- 3375804
TI  - The relation between rapid-cycling cyclothymia and bulimia; case reports of two
      women.

PMID- 3375806
TI  - Hughes Institute spreads the wealth.

PMID- 3375807
TI  - Nicotine likened to cocaine, heroin.

PMID- 3375808
TI  - Change in polio strategy?

PMID- 3375809
TI  - Beef and chocolate: a partial reprieve.

PMID- 3375810
TI  - Light-addressable potentiometric sensor for biochemical systems.
AB  - Numerous biochemical reactions can be measured potentiometrically through changes
      in pH, redox potential, or transmembrane potential. An alternating photocurrent
      through an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor interface provides a highly
      sensitive means to measure such potential changes. A spatially selectable
      photoresponse permits the determination of a multiplicity of chemical events with
      a single semiconductor device.

PMID- 3375812
TI  - AIDS case definition.

PMID- 3375811
TI  - Dopamine-accumulating retinal neurons revealed by in vitro fluorescence display a
      unique morphology.
AB  - Dopamine is the principal catecholamine neurotransmitter in the vertebrate
      retina. The shape of retinal neurons that accumulate dopamine has been
      demonstrated in an in vitro preparation of cat retina. This was achieved by the
      discovery that the combined uptake of dopamine and the indoleaminergic
      transmitter analog 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine leads to an intense, catecholamine
      like fluorescence in the cell bodies and processes of presumed dopaminergic
      amacrine cells in the living retina. This fluorescence served as an in vitro
      marker for these cells, and their detailed morphology was analyzed after
      intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase under direct microscopic
      control. The horseradish peroxidase-filled cells show an unprecedented neuronal
      morphology: each cell gives rise to multiple, axon-like processes that arise
      from, and extend for millimeters beyond, the dendritic tree. The unique structure
      of this type of amacrine cell suggests a function for dopamine in long-range
      lateral interactions in the inner plexiform layer.

PMID- 3375814
TI  - The social lives of dolphins.

PMID- 3375815
TI  - Hotshots, hotspots, and female preference.

PMID- 3375813
TI  - Cantor to head LBL Genome Center.

PMID- 3375816
TI  - Potassium salt microinjection into Xenopus oocytes mimics gonadotropin treatment.
AB  - Gonadotropin stimulates protein synthesis and growth in ovarian oocytes. The
      hormone is also known to modify transfollicular K+ fluxes and is now shown to
      cause increased intraoocytic K+ activity (aK). The hormone's effect on aK was
      duplicated by microinjecting K+ salts into oocytes which were incubated in
      paraffin oil. This treatment mimicked the influence of gonadotropin on both the
      rate of protein synthesis and the synthesis of specific polypeptides. These
      findings suggest that gonadotropin-stimulated oocyte growth is attributable
      largely to the hormone's influence on transfollicular K+ fluxes. They support the
      hypothesis that the K+ flux and aK changes observed during cell activation are
      critical in causing subsequent increases in protein synthesis and growth.

PMID- 3375817
TI  - Lactate-supported synaptic function in the rat hippocampal slice preparation.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that cerebral energy
      metabolism can be fueled by lactate. As a sole energy substrate, lactate
      supported normal synaptic function in rat hippocampal slices for hours without
      any sign of deterioration. Slices that were synaptically silent as a result of
      glucose depletion could be reactivated with lactate to show normal synaptic
      function. When slices were exposed to the glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetic acid,
      lactate-supported synaptic function was unaffected, whereas that supported by
      glucose was completely abolished. This indicated that lactate was metabolized
      directly via pyruvate to enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Thus, under
      conditions that lead to lactate accumulation (cerebral ischemia) this "end
      product" may be a useful alternative as a substrate for energy metabolism.

PMID- 3375818
TI  - Familial imprinting determines H-2 selective mating preferences.
AB  - Inbred male mice typically prefer to mate with females of a different, non-self H
      2 haplotype. To determine whether this natural preference is irrevocable or
      results from familial imprinting, a test system was used which relied on previous
      observations that B6 males (H-2b) mate preferentially with congenic B6-H-2k
      rather than B6 females, and B6-H-2k males with B6 females. This preference was
      reversed in B6 males fostered by B6-H-2k parents and in B6-H-2k males fostered by
      B6 parents, preference in these cases favoring the same H-2 type. Thus, H-2
      selective mating preference is acquired by imprinting on familial H-2 types.

PMID- 3375819
TI  - Biological systems.

PMID- 3375820
TI  - Neural transplantation: a call for patience rather than patients.

PMID- 3375822
TI  - Whistle-blowing.

PMID- 3375821
TI  - Chinese diet study.

PMID- 3375823
TI  - AIDS panels converge on a consensus.

PMID- 3375824
TI  - Rift Valley fever rears its head.

PMID- 3375825
TI  - IOM names committee to study NIH.

PMID- 3375826
TI  - ADAMHA nominee still on hold.

PMID- 3375828
TI  - The uncertain perils of an invisible landscape.

PMID- 3375827
TI  - Chernobyl claims another victim.

PMID- 3375829
TI  - Journeys on a selective surface.

PMID- 3375830
TI  - Disappointing brain graft results.

PMID- 3375831
TI  - Multiplying genes by leaps and bounds.

PMID- 3375832
TI  - West African HIV-2-related human retrovirus with attenuated cytopathicity.
AB  - Clinical and seroepidemiological studies in West Africa indicate that human
      immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is widespread and associated with
      immunodeficiency states of variable degree. In this study, an isolate of HIV-2
      from a patient in Senegal was molecularly cloned and characterized. This isolate
      (HIV-2ST) was shown by hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to be more
      related to the prototype HIV-2ROD than to other human or primate retroviruses.
      Cultures of HIV-2ST showed genotypic polymorphism, and clones of the virus had
      transmembrane envelope glycoproteins of 30 and 42 kilodaltons. Unlike other
      immunodeficiency viruses, HIV-2ST did not cause cell death or induce cell fusion
      in peripheral blood lymphocytes or in any of four CD4+ cell lines tested.
      Although HIV-2ST entered cells by a CD4-dependent mechanism and replicated
      actively, cell-free transmission of the virus was retarded at the level of cell
      entry. These findings suggest that immunodeficiency viruses prevalent in West
      African populations are members of the HIV-2 virus group and that certain strains
      of this virus have attenuated virulence.

PMID- 3375833
TI  - Diagnosis and evaluation of intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3375834
TI  - Antepartum fetal heart rate testing of the small-for-gestational age fetus.

PMID- 3375835
TI  - Normal and abnormal transitional circulation in the IUGR infant.

PMID- 3375836
TI  - [Good nursing care--what do we mean with that?].

PMID- 3375837
TI  - [Health care development groups--a bridge between research and nursing care
      activities].

PMID- 3375838
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis--an introduction].

PMID- 3375839
TI  - [Joint home nursing care put to the test in Goteborg].

PMID- 3375840
TI  - [Reception of refugees in health care].

PMID- 3375841
TI  - The acromioclavicular joint: normal variation and the diagnosis of dislocation.
AB  - Acromioclavicular separation is a common traumatic injury. Diagnosis rests on
      clinical and radiographic findings. However, normal variation in the alignment of
      the acromioclavicular joint may make the roentgen diagnosis more difficult. We
      stress the variations of normal alignment at the acromioclavicular joint and
      offer suggestions for avoiding pitfalls in this clinical situation.

PMID- 3375842
TI  - Skeletal involvement in hairy cell leukemia.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic aspects of two patients with destructive bone
      lesions, complicating the course of hairy cell leukemia are presented. The
      findings are compared with those of 27 previously published cases. The most
      prominent features of this rare skeletal disorder are osteolysis and widespread
      or localized demineralisation with predilection for the femoral head and neck.
      Localized persisting pain is the leading clinical symptom in all cases. Magnetic
      resonance imaging is helpful in evaluating the extent of bone marrow infiltration
      and demonstrates focal areas of decreased signal intensity in sites of
      radiographically detectable bone destruction as well as in bones that appear
      normal on plain films.

PMID- 3375843
TI  - Destructive spondyloarthropathy in hemodialysis patients. Report of four cases
      and prospective study.
AB  - A destructive spondyloarthropathy is reported in four patients undergoing
      maintenance hemodialysis for chronic renal disease. In a separate investigation a
      controlled, prospective radiographic study of the cervical spine revealed this
      spondyloarthropathy in 4 (15%) of 26 long-term dialysis patients. A single disc
      level was involved in three patients, and two disc levels were involved in one
      patient. This spondyloarthropathy correlated with the duration of dialysis but
      not with the radiographic evidence of renal osteodystrophy or severity of
      laboratory abnormalities associated with hyperparathyroidism. Three of these four
      patients also had discovertebral erosions or destruction involving the lumbar
      spine. Cervical spine flexion views revealed evidence of ligamentous laxity or
      instability in three (12%) dialysis patients, all with vertebral resorption and
      disc space narrowing. It is postulated that this instability may contribute to
      the development of cervical discovertebral lesions or be a secondary
      manifestation of disc destruction.

PMID- 3375844
TI  - Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia: further heterogeneity.
AB  - The spondylometaphyseal dysplasias are a very heterogeneous group of disorders.
      Only one has been clearly defined, namely, the spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-
      Kozlowski type, known also as the "common type." This disorder is inherited as an
      autosomal dominant trait. In this report we describe an Arabic-Moslem kindred
      with spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, not of the common type, with an autosomal
      dominant mode of inheritance, indicating further heterogeneity.

PMID- 3375845
TI  - Direct coronal computed tomography arthrography of osteochondritis dissecans of
      the talus.
AB  - Although radiographs, arthrography, tomography, and computed tomography can all
      be used to diagnose osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, these imaging methods
      may not demonstrate whether an undisplaced osteochondral fragment has any
      attachment to the articular cartilage or bony bed of the talus. As lack of such
      attachment is a relative indication for surgery, we studied the feasibility of
      using coronal computed tomography (CT) after double contrast arthrography to
      demonstrate attachment in four patients with osteochondritis dissecans seen on
      radiographs. Direct coronal CT arthrographic images showed intact articular
      cartilage in three patients. In the fourth patient, overlying cartilage was
      virtually absent and contrast tracked beneath the fragment, an appearance that
      correlated with arthroscopic findings of partial articular cartilage attachment
      and no union at the osteochondral fracture line. Our initial experience suggests
      that direct coronal CT arthrography clearly shows the state of attachment of the
      osteochondritic fragment to the talus.

PMID- 3375846
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging of pyomyositis.
AB  - Pyomyositis is a relatively rare entity in temperate climates. Because of its
      rarity and its nonspecific clinical and radiographic findings, pyomyositis may be
      misdiagnosed and may cause severe morbidity and mortality. We present magnetic
      resonance imaging findings in two cases of pyomyositis. Magnetic resonance
      imaging was helpful in differentiating other pathological processes from
      pyomyositis, outlining the extent of involvement, and localizing the fluid
      collection.

PMID- 3375847
TI  - Case report 473: Tuberculosis of the distal metaphysis of the femur.

PMID- 3375848
TI  - Case report 474: Air-filled cavity in the vertebral body of C7--cause
      undetermined.

PMID- 3375849
TI  - Case report 475: Hemophilic arthropathy of the hip in a woman with hemophilia A.

PMID- 3375850
TI  - Case report 476: Chondrosarcoma of base of skull (CBS).

PMID- 3375851
TI  - Case report 477: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) complicating long-standing
      ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

PMID- 3375852
TI  - Case report 478: Melorrheostosis of the axial skeleton with associated
      intrathecal lipoma.

PMID- 3375853
TI  - Case report 480: Periosteal amyloid tumor.

PMID- 3375854
TI  - Psychological distress, perceived health status, and physician utilization in
      America and West Germany.
AB  - This paper reports on findings pertaining to levels of psychological distress,
      perceived health status, and physician utilization among a sample of Americans (N
      = 1204) and West Germans (N = 1266) living in Illinois and North-Rhine
      Westphalia, respectively. The conflicting perspectives of labeling theory and the
      clinical approach to cross-cultural variations in mental disorder are discussed.
      There were no significant differences between the two population groups with
      respect to anxiety tendencies or psychological distress generally, with the
      exception of Germans having significantly more tendency toward depression. In
      both countries, persons with the lowest expressions of anxiety were the most
      likely to perceive symptoms of physical problems as requiring a doctor's
      attention, thereby suggesting that anxiety operates to influence a denial of
      general readiness to deal with symptoms. Yet persons with the highest anxiety,
      depression, and overall psychological distress were most likely to report having
      experienced physical symptoms and visiting a doctor because of it. Persons with
      the highest anxiety, depression, and overall psychological distress also rated
      their health status the lowest.

PMID- 3375855
TI  - Childhood accidents, family size and birth order.
AB  - The relationship between accidents and number of children in the household was
      assessed in 10,394 children surveyed at ages 5 and 10 years. The analyses suggest
      that living in a household with 3 or more children during the preschool period
      increases a child's risk of experiencing accidents that result in
      hospitalization; and that living in a household with 4 or more children increases
      the risk of such accidents to school-age children. The number of older rather
      than younger children had the greatest impact on accident risk. The observed odds
      ratios suggest that children with 4 or more siblings have 80% to 90% more
      injuries resulting in hospitalization than only children. The proportions of
      children with one or more accidents (regardless of the place of treatment) and
      with repeat accidents were unrelated to family size. Environmental differences
      between families of varying size accounted for the association with hospitalized
      accidents.

PMID- 3375856
TI  - The distribution of health needs and services in South Africa.
AB  - The authors recognize that social, economic and political factors play a larger
      role in determining public health policy than do epidemiological principles such
      as the analysis of needs, demand and supply. Nevertheless, demographic and
      mortality statistics, information from the 1983 registers of medical and dental
      practitioners, and that of nurses, as well as information on hospital beds were
      reviewed to describe health care requirements and resources in South Africa. The
      maldistribution observed in health needs and services closely parallel the
      divisions in South African society imposed by the apartheid policy. It is
      concluded that fundamental political change is required to reduce this
      maldistribution. The provision of preventive and promotive health services for
      children in African rural and peri-urban areas was identified as a health care
      requirement of high priority. It is thought that the need in these geographical
      regions might best be met by employing primary health care workers at a lower
      level of training than doctors with an accessible, supporting referral system. In
      addition, the quality of health care data being collected needs to be improved.
      It is suggested that both these problems be approached on a regional basis, and
      preferably under a single health authority, rather than the current fragmented
      health service.

PMID- 3375857
TI  - Holistic physicians and family practitioners: similarities, differences and
      implications for health policy.
AB  - Although loosely defined, holistic or alternative medicine has been viewed by
      most observers as fundamentally at odds with mainstream biomedical approaches.
      Convergence or integration of the two are seen as highly unlikely. We attempt to
      assess the potential for such integration empirically through a survey of
      physicians, members of the American Holistic Medical Association (N = 340) and a
      comparison group of family practitioners (N = 142). Although social origins of
      the two groups are similar, they differ in their completion of residency training
      and a variety of practice characteristics. While the groups differ in the
      predicted directions in their evaluation and utilization of holistic techniques
      and in their attitudes toward the nature of medical practice, there is a good
      deal of overlap. Personal experiences, especially those in the area of
      religion/spirituality and psychotherapy differ sharply between the groups. Policy
      concerned with fostering cooperation or convergence between holistic and
      mainstream medicine should differentiate between clinical attitudes and behaviors
      (which appear to be more compatible than has been suggested), and the personal
      world views of physicians (which appear to be much further apart).

PMID- 3375859
TI  - [Semeiologic study of pain].

PMID- 3375858
TI  - [Henle's loop diuretics].

PMID- 3375860
TI  - [Pain centers].

PMID- 3375861
TI  - [Treatment of pain].

PMID- 3375862
TI  - [Theoretical models in rehabilitation medicine].

PMID- 3375863
TI  - [The evaluation of independence].

PMID- 3375864
TI  - [Anatomy of pain].

PMID- 3375865
TI  - [Rehabilitation of aged patients with medullary lesions].

PMID- 3375866
TI  - [Nurses in their therapeutic relationship].

PMID- 3375867
TI  - [The family; a link in the rehabilitation service].

PMID- 3375870
TI  - [Physiology of pain].

PMID- 3375871
TI  - Iatrogenic senility: has the warranty expired?

PMID- 3375868
TI  - [Professional reintegration through education].

PMID- 3375872
TI  - The physical examination--an art.

PMID- 3375869
TI  - [The social security code].

PMID- 3375873
TI  - Coronary thrombolysis in a community hospital: experience with an intravenous
      streptokinase protocol.
AB  - To determine whether intravenous streptokinase can be delivered safely and
      effectively in a community hospital without acute angiography, we treated 120
      patients with intravenous infusion of 1.5 million units of streptokinase shortly
      after arrival in the emergency room. Average time from onset of pain to treatment
      was 2.7 hours. Therapy was well tolerated without significant complication.
      Reperfusion was clinically suspected in 78% of patients. Coronary angiography was
      done at referral hospitals in 94% of the surviving patients two to ten days after
      treatment. The infarcted vessel was patent in 74% of these patients. Of these,
      coronary angioplasty was performed in 36%, and 32% had bypass grafting. We
      conclude that intravenous streptokinase can be safely and effectively used in
      community hospitals without acute angiography in carefully selected patients with
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3375874
TI  - Learning curve for carotid endarterectomy.
AB  - It is generally accepted that training and experience are necessary to obtain
      acceptably low perioperative mortality and permanent neurologic morbidity for
      carotid endarterectomy. To test this hypothesis I analyzed the results of 600
      consecutive primary carotid endarterectomies that I performed over a 13-year
      period beginning with my senior residency. The overall hospital mortality was
      9/600 (1.5%), the permanent neurologic morbidity 11/600 (1.8%), and the combined
      mortality and permanent neurologic morbidity 20/600 (3.3%). The mortality for the
      first 300 operations was 6/300 (2%) (4/6 from stroke) and for the last 300, 3/300
      (1%) (3/3 cardiac). All 11 nonfatal strokes occurred in the first 300 operations.
      Morbidity and mortality decreased with both cumulative experience and the number
      of operations done per year. While it is difficult to separate the effect of
      these two factors, the results suggest that both may be important in obtaining a
      combined perioperative mortality and permanent neurologic deficit below 3%.

PMID- 3375875
TI  - Complications of carotid endarterectomy: the influence of case load.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 508 consecutive carotid endarterectomies done by 19
      surgeons during a five-year period in one medical center to evaluate
      postoperative complications (stroke and death). Each of 16 surgeons did 32
      operations or fewer, with case loads ranging from one to 32. Three surgeons did
      70, 98, and 172 respectively. The incidence of stroke among patients of the 16
      surgeons combined who did 32 cases or fewer in five years (fewer than ten cases
      per year) was 7%, with a combined stroke and death rate of 8%; in contrast,
      patients of the combined surgeons who did more than 32 operations in five years
      (more than ten cases per year) had a stroke rate of 3%, with a combined stroke
      and death rate of 3%. When the carotid disease was examined separately, it was
      apparent that the adverse event rate among patients with asymptomatic or
      nonhemispheric disease accounted for the difference. Patients of surgeons with
      fewer cases had 18% adverse events, whereas those of more experienced surgeons
      had 2% adverse events. The adverse events were similar for both groups in
      patients with focal transient ischemic attacks or stroke. Seven of the 16
      surgeons who did fewer than 32 cases had no patients who had stroke, despite the
      few carotid endarterectomies they had done. Thus, the stroke rate was somewhat
      lower in the hands of those surgeons who did endarterectomy more often, but the
      number of carotid endarterectomies done by a surgeon is not the only factor to
      decrease the stroke rate. Proper selection of patients and attention to risk
      factors and technique are essential.

PMID- 3375876
TI  - Correlates of cervical cytologic screening.
AB  - We investigated factors associated with the frequency of Papanicolaou cytologic
      screening among women between the ages of 20 and 54 years in metropolitan
      Atlanta. In a sample of 393 women who had not had a hysterectomy, the frequency
      of screening was uniformly high for women aged 20 to 49 years, but declined for
      women aged 50 to 54 years. Low household income and low gravidity were associated
      with less frequent screening among whites, but low income and low gravidity
      correlated positively with the frequency of screening among blacks.

PMID- 3375877
TI  - Progressive roentgenographic appearance of caustic esophagitis.
AB  - We observed progressive roentgenographic changes in five patients who had caustic
      esophagitis after accidental ingestion of a liquid alkali. Initial endoscopic
      examination showed moderate caustic esophagitis in all patients, and esophageal
      atony and poor distension were early roentgenographic observations. Esophageal
      strictures developed 13 to 44 days after caustic ingestion in all patients.
      Intramural pseudodiverticula complicated stricture formation in two patients.
      Esophageal diverticula developed in two cases, three months to one year after
      caustic ingestion. In summary, moderate caustic esophagitis is associated with
      esophageal dilatation, atony, and peristaltic abnormalities initially, and with
      eventual stricture formation.

PMID- 3375878
TI  - Systemic mastocytosis and mastocytosis-like syndrome: radiologic features of
      gastrointestinal manifestations.
AB  - Mastocytosis is a disorder of unknown etiology characterized by an abnormal
      proliferation of tissue mast cells, and/or by degranulation of abnormally
      behaving mast cells that show no proliferation, but release myriad active
      metabolites. This results in a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms that fluctuate
      considerably. The presently available diagnostic tests vary in their specificity
      and sensitivity. We have evaluated the role of radiologic studies in 78 confirmed
      cases of systemic mastocytosis and/or mastocytosis-like syndrome, including
      barium meal and small bowel follow-through (UGI-SBFT).

PMID- 3375879
TI  - Antecedent factors in urinary tract infections among nursing home patients.
AB  - By a retrospective relative risk analysis for conditions associated with urinary
      tract infection over a four-year period in a defined teaching nursing home
      population (n = 97), we reached the following conclusions: (1) UTI was associated
      with cerebrovascular accident (relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to
      3.2), decreased activities of daily living (relative risk 2.6 to 3.2, 95%
      confidence interval 1.4 to 4.7), decreased mental status (relative risk 2.2, 95%
      confidence interval 1.2 to 3.1), urinary catheterization (relative risk 2.5, 95%
      confidence interval 1.3 to 3.7), and antibiotic prophylaxis (relative risk 2.1,
      95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.0). (2) Risk of UTI from urinary catheterization
      and antibiotic prophylaxis was additive for these functionally impaired patients.
      (3) Renal insufficiency, diabetes, anemia, malnutrition, age, and incontinence
      (without catheterization) were not related to risk of UTI.

PMID- 3375880
TI  - Assessment of psychosocial functioning of patients with sickle cell disease.
AB  - The Chronic Illness Problem Inventory (CIPI) was used to assess level of
      psychosocial functioning in 89 patients with sickle cell disease. The results
      indicated that sickle cell patients have significant psychosocial distress in the
      areas of employment and finances, sleeping and eating, and performance of normal
      daily activities. Fear and anxiety regarding body deterioration, and lack of
      assertiveness in social relationships were also found. These findings suggest
      that depression may be a common problem among sickle cell patients. Treatment
      alternatives that address these areas are reviewed.

PMID- 3375881
TI  - Physical examination: a revered skill under scrutiny.
AB  - Clinicians in the 1980s rely on the physical examination to a lesser degree than
      their predecessors in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The major
      criticisms are that the physical examination lacks sensitivity for many common
      diseases and has not been subjected to the same scientific scrutiny afforded
      laboratory testing. On the positive side, the physical examination is a series of
      diagnostic maneuvers that permit physicians to test hypotheses generated during
      history taking, to determine disease severity, and to lessen clinical
      uncertainty. Furthermore, the physical examination fosters the development of
      personalized medical care and a bond of mutual trust between patient and doctor.
      The challenge for tomorrow is to determine the operating characteristics of
      physical examination techniques and the clinical utility of physical findings.
      For preclinical students, emphasis should be directed at basic examination
      principles and sequencing. Many model programs have used patient instructors and
      other innovative techniques. Clinical students and postgraduate trainees need
      emphasis on interpretation of physical findings and their integration into the
      clinical context. There is no substitute for bedside teaching at this level.

PMID- 3375882
TI  - Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis.
AB  - We recently diagnosed and treated an unusual case of primary endocarditis due to
      Bacteroides fragilis, for which no underlying etiology was found. Antibiotic
      treatment involved multiple parenteral and oral antibiotics, and sensitivity
      studies allowed choice of antibiotics. Despite complications, the patient was
      cured. Few cases of Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis have been reported, and
      therapy has changed with newer antibiotics.

PMID- 3375883
TI  - Combined surgical management of myasthenia gravis and Graves' disease.
AB  - It is rare that a patient with Graves' disease has concomitant myasthenia gravis,
      despite the impression that both diseases have an autoimmune basis. Even less
      common is the opportunity to simultaneously approach both diseases surgically. We
      have described a patient meeting these qualifications, and have reviewed the
      pertinent principles of diagnostic and perioperative management of these two
      disease entities.

PMID- 3375884
TI  - Desmoid tumors: experience with new modes of therapy.
AB  - The oncology group at Tulane has been instrumental in the development of isolated
      regional perfusion techniques for treatment of melanomas. The perfusion is
      usually accompanied by wide excision. Our success encouraged similar attempts
      with persistent, widely invasive desmoid tumors. We used regional chemotherapy in
      conjunction with wide excision in four cases. Neither the technique nor
      combination chemotherapy has been used previously against desmoid tumors. Tumor
      response occurred with nitrogen mustard and with combinations of actinomycin D,
      thiotepa, and methotrexate. Additionally, one apparent response followed
      testolactone and chlorothiazide therapy.

PMID- 3375885
TI  - Hyperkalemia induced by indomethacin and naproxen and reversed by
      fludrocortisone.
AB  - We have described a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis and a history of
      mefenamic acid nephropathy in whom hyperkalemia and inappropriate
      hypoaldosteronism were caused by both indomethacin and naproxen, without major
      decline in renal function. It is likely that preexisting renal disease
      predisposed this patient to type IV renal tubular acidosis with prostaglandin
      synthetase inhibitors. Because he was unable to discontinue nonsteroidal anti
      inflammatory drug therapy, fludrocortisone was added, correcting the hyperkalemia
      and allowing indomethacin therapy to be continued safely.

PMID- 3375886
TI  - Acute large bowel obstruction complicating acute pancreatitis.
AB  - We have reported a rare case of acute large bowel obstruction complicating acute
      pancreatitis. The diagnosis of pancreatitis is often initially not considered in
      such patients, and is established only at laparotomy. The splenic flexure is the
      most common site of large bowel involvement. A proximal defunctioning colostomy
      is the preferred primary management.

PMID- 3375887
TI  - Large luteinized follicular cyst of pregnancy and puerperium.
AB  - The case we have reported is that of the largest luteinized follicular cyst of
      pregnancy and puerperium described. Histologically, distinct layers of both
      luteinized granulosa and theca cells were observed in this case, in contrast to
      those described previously. Nuclear atypia was prominent and appeared to be
      degenerative.

PMID- 3375888
TI  - "I swear by Apollo the physician...".

PMID- 3375889
TI  - UGI studies: radiologic vs endoscopic.

PMID- 3375890
TI  - [Automated information systems in the management of therapeutic and diagnostic
      processes in a multidisciplinary hospital].

PMID- 3375891
TI  - [Main trends in the development of health protection of the population and
      restructuring of public health in the USSR during the 12th Five-Year Plan and in
      the period up to the year 2000].

PMID- 3375892
TI  - [Medical and social characteristics of frequently ill and long-term ailing
      children and forms of their sanatorial treatment].

PMID- 3375893
TI  - [Complex program of prevention and therapy of borderline forms of neuropsychic
      disorders].

PMID- 3375894
TI  - [Dispensary service for subjects at increased risk for development of chronic
      diseases].

PMID- 3375896
TI  - [Problems of terminology in the study of drug addiction].

PMID- 3375895
TI  - [Experience in the use of business games in teaching social hygiene and the
      organization of public health].

PMID- 3375898
TI  - Why marathon runners collapse.

PMID- 3375897
TI  - [Organization of medical examinations for a more thorough study of the morbidity
      of the population of the People's Republic of Mongolia].

PMID- 3375899
TI  - Evoked potentials--a modern aid to neurology.

PMID- 3375900
TI  - Underestimation of AIDS--there's nothing to be optimistic about.

PMID- 3375901
TI  - Training surgeons for Africa.

PMID- 3375902
TI  - The treatment of late post-traumatic orbital deformities.
AB  - Trauma to the orbital region may result in fractures of the bony orbit,
      displacement of which gives rise to malposition of the eye and diplopia. If
      initial treatment is not feasible or is unsuccessful, later correction may be
      achieved by osteotomy or reduction and stabilisation of the bony fragments, often
      with bone grafts. Displaced medial or lateral canthi may need to be repositioned,
      where feasible in an overcorrected position. Where bone grafts are necessary, the
      skull is now favoured as the best donor site.

PMID- 3375904
TI  - Blood lead concentration in children after gunshot injuries.
AB  - Blood lead and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin values were examined in 23
      children who had suffered gunshot (including multiple shotgun) injuries. No child
      had any evidence of lead poisoning between 15 and 27 months after the injury
      despite, in some cases, the retention of multiple pellets. Reference to previous
      publications suggests that lead poisoning is an unlikely complication of gunshot
      injury, providing a bullet or pellet is not retained in contact with a synovial
      cavity.

PMID- 3375903
TI  - Circulating megakaryocytes and platelet production in children with congenital
      cardiac defects undergoing cardiac catheterisation.
AB  - The literature has recently focused attention on the lung as a source of platelet
      production. Thirty-two children with normal lungs admitted to hospital for
      investigation of congenital heart disease were studied with the intention of
      showing a relationship between left atrial platelet counts and pulmonary blood
      flow. This was not demonstrated. Mean platelet counts were 296 X 10(9)/l (right
      atrium) and 304 X 10(9)/l (left atrium). There was no significant difference
      between the two results. It is suggested that previous studies were performed on
      subjects with significant acquired disease and that in young children with no
      pulmonary disease the lung is not a major source of platelet production.

PMID- 3375905
TI  - Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of oral premedication with trimeprazine
      and droperidol in children.
AB  - The systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate were assessed in 112
      children before and after receiving premedication consisting of trimeprazine (3
      mg/kg) and droperidol (0.2 mg/kg) by mouth. A mild (10%) drop in blood pressure
      was shown, but no statistical difference was found in the other parameters
      measured. The premedication is highly efficacious, 70% of patients being asleep
      in the preanaesthetic room; 27% were calm and only 3% were distressed or crying.

PMID- 3375906
TI  - Superficial fungal infections in the Transvaal. A contemporary analysis of
      dermatophytoses in this region.
AB  - An 8-year survey of patients from hospital clinics and private practices in
      Pretoria seeking specialist dermatological advice for dermatophytoses revealed
      almost 500 cases, which were confirmed by mycological study. Correlation of the
      data with other localities was made to illustrate the epidemiology for several
      common dermatophytes in the Transvaal. Trichophyton rubrum (27%) proved to be the
      most prominent dermatophyte, followed by T. mentagrophytes (23%), Microsporum
      canis (19%), T. violaceum (18%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (12%), while M.
      gypseum occurred in only 1% of the cases. Mapped lists of the published
      dermatophyte species isolated in southern Africa over the past three decades are
      presented.

PMID- 3375907
TI  - Auditory brainstem evoked potentials in leprosy.
AB  - An electrophysiological study of conduction in the auditory nerve and brainstem
      auditory pathways using the brainstem auditory evoked potential was undertaken in
      a group of 47 leprosy patients. There were no statistically significant
      differences between mean conduction times (interpeak latencies) in the leprosy
      and the control groups. Abnormal interpeak latencies were encountered in 3
      leprosy patients, 1 of whom had a positive serological test for syphilis. In the
      remaining 2 patients, caudal pathway dysfunction (I-III interpeak latency
      abnormality) was indicated but specific auditory nerve involvement (an abnormally
      prolonged I-II interpeak latency) was not demonstrated. An explanation for these
      findings, other than the patients' disease, was not apparent.

PMID- 3375908
TI  - Health aspects of the use of recycled water in Windhoek, SWA/Namibia, 1974-1983.
      Diarrhoeal diseases and the consumption of reclaimed water.
AB  - The introduction of the use of reclaimed water in Windhoek, SWA/Namibia, prompted
      an epidemiological study to assess the health effects, if any, of its
      consumption. Analysis of more than 15,000 episodes of diarrhoeal disease during
      the period August 1976-March 1983 showed that their incidence in whites of
      similar socio-economic status was marginally lower in persons supplied with
      reclaimed water than those with water from conventional sources. Incidence rates
      were significantly higher in blacks and in coloureds, all of whom received
      conventional water only. Age-specific incidence rates in children of the various
      ethnic groups also showed differences characteristically associated with socio
      economic stratification. It is concluded that the consumption of reclaimed water
      does not increase the risk of diarrhoeal diseases caused by waterborne infectious
      agents.

PMID- 3375909
TI  - Serum vitamin C, vitamin A and carotene values in infants in SWA/Namibia.
AB  - Serum vitamin C, vitamin A and carotene concentrations were measured in 425, 256
      and 256 infants aged between 3 weeks and 12 months. Vitamin C concentrations were
      in general satisfactory, whereas vitamin A and especially carotene concentrations
      were unacceptably low in a large number of infants. concentrations were not
      correlated with age and sex nor with breast-feeding, but low and very low
      concentrations were more common after 6 months. Although clinical manifestations
      of the vitamin deficiencies were not present, the evidence points to an increased
      health risk for children.

PMID- 3375910
TI  - A critical assessment of the width coefficient, K, as an indicator of nutritional
      status.
AB  - The width coefficient, K, was assessed critically to examine its underlying
      assumptions, its relationship to absolute dimensions of body size, and its
      ability to identify children classified as malnourished by internationally
      accepted criteria. The scientific integrity of the formula to calculate K
      depended on the assumption that the body could be viewed as a cylinder with a
      density of 1.0 g/ml. The empirical testing of the former assumption showed that
      the body could not be viewed as a cylinder and papers describing body density
      suggest that age and sex dependency militate against the acceptance of an age-
      and sex-independent value of 1.0 g/ml. As an indicator of nutritional status K
      performed well in that it identified children below 75% of weight for age, but it
      could only identify 47% of children below 90% weight for height. The relative
      complexity of its calculation and interpretation militate against the use of K as
      an indicator of malnutrition for the general health worker, but its ability to
      identify moderately malnourished children by weight for age gives it credibility
      in the absence of an age assessment.

PMID- 3375911
TI  - Selective cobalamin (vitamin B12) malabsorption in adolescence. A case report.
AB  - Selective cobalamin (vitamin B12) malabsorption has been well described as a
      familial phenomenon, but severe pancytopenia in adolescence as a result of this
      defect has not previously been documented.

PMID- 3375912
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis in an 11-year-old child. A case report.
AB  - Early diagnosis and treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis with cyclophosphamide
      has considerably improved the prognosis in this previously fatal disease.
      Experience with this disease in an 11-year-old child is reported.

PMID- 3375914
TI  - An urgent warning--contraction of HIV infection during mutual masturbation.

PMID- 3375913
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome in pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - Severe Guillain-Barre syndrome in a patient 33 weeks pregnant, who went into
      premature labour 48 hours after requiring mechanical ventilation, is described.
      The labour required augmentation with oxytocin and a healthy 2,100 g baby was
      delivered using forceps. Obstetrically, the patient had an uncomplicated
      puerperium. She required ventilation for 20 days and after extensive
      physiotherapy was discharged with no disability. It is our opinion that the
      management of the gravid patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome does not differ
      much from that of non-pregnant patients with the disease. Supportive care in an
      intensive care unit remains the cornerstone of treatment and unnecessary
      obstetric intervention must be strongly resisted.

PMID- 3375915
TI  - Use of Neonatalyte in the first 24 hours of life.

PMID- 3375916
TI  - [Death of a twin due to urinary tract abnormalities].

PMID- 3375917
TI  - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with phenytoin intoxication.

PMID- 3375918
TI  - Suboccipital lumpectomy.

PMID- 3375919
TI  - The posterior interosseous phenomenon and its use in the arthritic hand.

PMID- 3375920
TI  - Uneasy bedfellows.

PMID- 3375921
TI  - Head injuries.

PMID- 3375922
TI  - Training for geriatric medicine in South Africa.

PMID- 3375923
TI  - [Medical education--basic versus clinical sciences].

PMID- 3375924
TI  - Co-ordinated community geriatric care and 'day-care centres'.

PMID- 3375925
TI  - Diabetes and hypertension in South African Indians. A community study.
AB  - A community survey was done to assess the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension
      in Indians living in Durban. Each subject, selected by systematic cluster
      sampling, had blood pressure measured and a glucose tolerance test. Diagnoses of
      diabetes mellitus and of hypertension were based on World Health Organization
      criteria. Of the 1,064 subjects studied 9% had diabetes and 14.2% hypertension;
      diabetes mellitus was more common in women (10.5%) than men (7%), whereas the
      prevalence of hypertension was similar in both sexes (women 13.5%, men 14.7%).
      Hypertension was found in 45.8% of the diabetic subjects, 31.4% of those with
      impaired glucose tolerance and 9.9% of those with normal glucose tolerance.
      Although hypertension was more common in women (63.3%) than men (37.9%) in the
      diabetic group, there was no significant difference in the sex distribution in
      the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and those with normal glucose
      tolerance. Of the subjects with hypertension, 29.1% had diabetes; there was no
      significant difference in the sex distribution. The mean age-adjusted body mass
      indices were significantly higher in the hypertensive subjects with all degrees
      of glucose tolerance than in normotensive subjects. There was a trend towards
      elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with increasing degrees
      of glucose intolerance and increasing age.

PMID- 3375926
TI  - Endometrial cytology--the Endo-pap direct endometrial sampler.
AB  - A study was designed to assess the clinical characteristics and diagnostic
      cytological accuracy of an endometrial sampler, the Endo-pap (Monoject; Sherwood
      Medical, St Louis, Mo., USA), a disposable plastic curette. The Endo-pap was
      compared with the Accurette (Rolon, Watford, UK), another plastic endometrial
      sampler used for histological investigation. Microcolpohysteroscopy was also
      employed as part of the procedure. Fifty symptomatic patients, median age 50
      years, were studied; the majority (55.6%) had been referred for postmenopausal
      bleeding. The Endo-pap yielded adequate specimens in 90% of patients compared
      with 82% with the Accurette. In 7 patients, endometrial carcinoma was correctly
      diagnosed with all three diagnostic methods and no false-positive diagnosis was
      made.

PMID- 3375927
TI  - Clinical experience with theophylline. A case for monitoring serum
      concentrations.
AB  - Administration of theophylline has often been associated with serious serum
      concentration-related side-effects and toxicity as well as lack of efficacy. A
      therapeutic drug monitoring programme which enables individualisation of dosage
      on the basis of pharmacokinetic principles is described. Patients taking a
      standard dose of a slow-release theophylline preparation equivalent to 256, 1 mg
      anhydrous theophylline 12-hourly were monitored. Of 44 patients, 68% had
      theophylline serum concentrations below the generally accepted therapeutic range.
      Four case reports illustrate the use of pharmacokinetic principles to determine
      optimum doses in the individual patient. The clinical improvement observed
      confirms the axiom: 'Drugs don't have doses--people have doses!'

PMID- 3375929
TI  - Colorectal cancer. Some aspects of epidemiology, risk factors, treatment,
      screening and survival.
AB  - In developed populations colorectal cancer, which after lung cancer is the
      commonest of cancers, accounts for up to 6% of all deaths. It occurs most
      frequently in populations in prosperous industrialised countries, save Japan, and
      is rare in Third-World populations pursuing a traditional lifestyle. Peak
      occurrence is in the 7th decade. Colon cancer affects the sexes equally, but
      males are much more prone to rectal cancer. The precise causation is uncertain.
      Risk factors include genetic or familial predisposition, inflammatory bowel
      disease, diet (especially high fat and low dietary fibre intakes), and possibly
      alcohol intake. Surgery remains the treatment of choice. Stage is by far the most
      important factor influencing prognosis. Major refinements in both surgical and
      therapeutic measures have had disappointingly little effect on survival time.
      Overall median mortality occurs in 1-1 1/2 years; only one-third to one-half of
      patients survive for 5 years. While effective screening for very early detection
      could increase survival time, this will result only from further education. Since
      little avoiding action is practicable, the outlook for patients will remain
      daunting until help is sought far earlier.

PMID- 3375928
TI  - Nutritional status, dietary intake and disease patterns in rural Hereros,
      Kavangos and Bushmen in South West Africa/Namibia.
AB  - A survey of Hereros, Kavangos and Bushmen living in the rural districts of South
      West Africa/Namibia was undertaken in order to assess their dietary intakes,
      nutritional status and disease patterns. The results showed that Hereros were
      taller and heavier, with the highest incidence of obesity (15-30%) and
      hypertension. Their diet consisted chiefly of refined maize meal supplemented
      with sour milk, and their blood lipid levels were generally lower than Western
      standards. The diet of Kavangos, based on homeground millet supplemented with
      fish and fresh vegetables, was better balanced. However, malnutrition was more
      common particularly in hospital patients where 40% had infective disease.
      Finally, the diet of Bushmen was extremely poor consisting of whatever was
      available (generally maize meal) and excessive use of home-brewed alcohol. The
      majority were malnourished and 73% of those hospitalised had tuberculosis. The
      blood lipid levels of Bushmen and Kavangos were exceptionally 'favourable' by
      Western standards but associated with chronic malnutrition. The survival of
      Bushmen in modern society is a matter of grave concern.

PMID- 3375930
TI  - Healing of the right and left colon. An experimental study.
AB  - An experimental study investigated the relative healing properties of the
      unprepared right and left colon of the baboon. Colonic healing was assessed in
      three ways: anastomostic leakage, hydroxyproline concentration and breaking
      strength. The results suggest that healing on the two sides of the colon is
      similar.

PMID- 3375931
TI  - HIV surveys in KwaZulu.

PMID- 3375932
TI  - Mumps--an unusual presentation.

PMID- 3375933
TI  - Paediatric inpatient statistics in a rural hospital.

PMID- 3375934
TI  - Abnormal muscle of the floor of the mouth.

PMID- 3375935
TI  - Myocardial salvage--a perspective.

PMID- 3375936
TI  - Penicillin and rheumatic heart disease.

PMID- 3375937
TI  - [Attacks on the privatisation of health services].

PMID- 3375938
TI  - Intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The safety and efficacy of streptokinase (STK) (Kabikinase; Keatings) in
      restoring vessel patency in 70 patients with acute myocardial infarction are
      reported. Return of vessel patency occurred more frequently (76%) in patients
      receiving STK than in patients in a control group (12%) (P = 0.001). The main
      complication was bleeding, which invariably resulted from invasive procedures.
      Dangerous dysrhythmias were uncommon and no fatalities were caused by STK
      administration. It is recommended that thrombolytic therapy be started as early
      as possible in patients with acute myocardial infarction, who can then be
      referred to centres equipped for coronary angiography for further management.
      Unnecessary invasive procedures should be avoided.

PMID- 3375939
TI  - Conservative management of severe proteinuric hypertension before 28 weeks'
      gestation.
AB  - Forty-five patients with severe proteinuric hypertension who presented before 28
      weeks' gestation were managed conservatively by bed rest, antihypertensive
      treatment, betamethasone administration after 26 weeks' gestation, and intensive
      fetal and maternal monitoring. Eleven patients presented before 24 weeks and
      their babies all died; 34 patients presented at or after 24 weeks and 13 of their
      babies survived (38%). The indications for delivery were intra-uterine death
      (13), fetal distress (9), deterioration in the mother's condition (17), and
      maternal complications--pulmonary oedema in 3 cases and pleural effusion in 1.
      One patient went into spontaneous labour and one was induced at 34 weeks. At
      postpartum follow-up examination all the mothers in the group that had presented
      before 24 weeks were found to have underlying diseases, compared with 42% of
      those who had presented between 24 and 27 weeks. The low incidence of maternal
      complications and the relatively good survival rate of 38% indicate that there is
      a place for conservative management in patients with severe proteinuric
      hypertension presenting at 24 weeks or later. Termination of the pregnancy
      should, however, be seriously considered in those patients presenting before 24
      weeks' gestation.

PMID- 3375940
TI  - Plasma volume expansion in pregnancy hypertension.
AB  - Stabilised human serum 500 ml was infused intravenously over 90 minutes in 14
      hypertensive women in late pregnancy, and the haemodynamic changes were
      investigated and compared with those in 7 similar women who were not treated.
      There was a significant mean increase of 1,85 l in plasma volume, a decrease in
      diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and an increase in central venous pressure
      (CVP), pulse pressure and pulse rate in the treated group at 2 hours but not in
      the control group. After 24 hours most of the observations were not significantly
      different from the pretreatment levels except the CVP and pulse rate measurements
      which were still significantly raised. The CVP measurements in the hypertensive
      women before treatment were relatively low compared with those reported in normal
      women in late pregnancy. It is suggested that there may be an under-filling of
      the circulation in pregnancy hypertension and that plasma volume expansion may
      have an important therapeutic effect by increasing cardiac output and renal and
      uterine blood flow.

PMID- 3375941
TI  - Chloride levels in meningitis.
AB  - The blood/cerebrospinal fluid bromide ratio is sensitive and specific in the
      diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Blood/CSF chloride (Cl-) ratios were
      not found to be useful in differentiating between TBM and viral and acute
      bacterial meningitis in 59 black children. In a study of 148 children with
      bacterial or viral meningitis or TBM, the majority (112) had CSF Cl- levels below
      the lower limit of normal. Accordingly, CSF and blood Cl- levels and the
      blood/CSF Cl- ratio were not found to be useful in differentiating between TBM,
      acute bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis.

PMID- 3375942
TI  - Prevention of death from head injury in Natal.
AB  - A detailed review of 100 consecutive head injury deaths in the Natal area was
      undertaken after forensic autopsies had been performed; neurohistological
      examination was carried out in 69 cases. It was found that one-third of deaths
      could have been prevented by medical treatment. Hypoxic and ischaemic brain
      damage was judged to be a contributing cause of death in 88% of all victims.
      Factors isolated as major causes of preventable death included: failure to
      prevent hypoxic brain damage by timeous endotracheal intubation and rapid
      resuscitation; major delays in referral from feeder hospitals; and failure to
      detect intracerebral haematomas and contusions which subsequently caused raised
      intracranial pressure. Recommendations for improving this situation are
      discussed, with particular reference to the situation in Natal.

PMID- 3375943
TI  - Serological screening of cord blood for syphilis.
AB  - Meticulous antenatal screening for maternal syphilis can prevent congenital
      syphilis. In the event of inadequate antenatal screening, determination of reagin
      reactivity on cord blood becomes mandatory. A card test utilising the VDR carbon
      antigen (Wellcome) was used to screen cord blood samples for reagin reactivity.
      The same blood was also screened by a reference laboratory, where the VDRL card
      test was repeated and every result was substantiated by treponemal tests. The
      VDRL card test done at the local laboratory had a sensitivity of 83,3% and a
      specificity of 99,8% when compared with the results of the reference laboratory.

PMID- 3375944
TI  - Physiological characteristics of rugby players including muscle glycogen content
      and muscle fibre composition.
AB  - There are few studies of the anthropomorphic and physiological characteristics of
      South African rugby players. Twenty-nine club rugby players were evaluated for
      body composition, maximal treadmill performance, muscle fibre composition and the
      muscle glycogen content, including the effects of carbohydrate-loading and
      playing a rugby match. The body composition and physiological characteristics of
      the players were similar to that previously reported for international players.
      Very high absolute values for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) were measured
      in the forwards. Both backs and forwards had a preponderance of fast-twitch
      muscle fibres (57% and 53% respectively). Carbohydrate-loading increased pre
      match muscle glycogen content but was unnecessary since severe muscle glycogen
      depletion did not occur during a match even in players on a normal mixed diet
      before competition. It is concluded that for forwards, a high absolute VO2 max,
      and for both backs and forwards a predominance of fast-twitch muscle fibres are
      pre-requisites for success in this sport. Pre-match carbohydrate-loading would
      appear to be necessary only when more than one match is to be played within 48
      hours.

PMID- 3375945
TI  - Endotoxaemia in exhausted runners after a long-distance race.
AB  - The extent to which plasma endotoxin concentrations increased was measured in 89
      randomly selected exhausted runners who required admission to the medical tent
      for treatment in the 1986 Comrades Marathon (89,4 km). Eighty-one per cent had
      concentrations above the upper limit of 0,1 ng/ml ('endotoxaemic'), including 2%
      above 1 ng/ml (the reported lethal level in humans), and only 19% had normal
      levels. There was a negative correlation between plasma endotoxin and plasma anti
      endotoxin IgG concentration (P less than 0,025). Those runners completing the
      race in less than 8 hours had a significantly lower average endotoxin value than
      those taking longer than 8 hours (P less than 0,025). Also 80,6% of runners
      (58/72) with high plasma endotoxin values reported nausea, vomiting and/or
      diarrhoea, compared with 17,7% (3/17; P less than 0,001) with low endotoxin
      values. Elevated plasma endotoxin concentrations of 32 randomly selected
      endotoxaemic runners had returned to normal 1-3 weeks later, and most of them
      (25/32) had increased anti-endotoxin IgG concentrations (P less than 0,02). Fifty
      nine runners randomly selected in a short run (21,1 km) 3 weeks after the 89,4 km
      run completed the race without problems and none showed any increase in endotoxin
      levels. Further studies in this field are warranted, especially the measurement
      of endotoxin and anti-endotoxin values from commencement of training to full
      fitness. It is possible that these measurements may prove useful as predictors of
      an athlete's or combat soldier's performance.

PMID- 3375946
TI  - Urinary urge incontinence--selection of patients for surgery.
AB  - A modification of the fluid-bridge test was performed on 43 patients with urinary
      urge incontinence. The 'functional' length of the urethra was found to be reduced
      significantly in some patients and surgery which increased it produced subjective
      and objective cure of symptoms. It is concluded that some patients with a history
      suggestive of motor detrusor instability will benefit from a primary surgical
      procedure, contrary to current management practice.

PMID- 3375947
TI  - Basil Dormer memorial lecture. Tuberculosis in rural southern Africa.

PMID- 3375948
TI  - HELLP syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A black patient with the HELLP syndrome is presented. This syndrome is apparently
      rare in black patients in South African hospitals. In patients with gestational
      proteinuric hypertension, the importance of recognising epigastric pain is
      emphasised. The management of maternal thrombocytopenia and the possible
      consequences for the fetus are described.

PMID- 3375949
TI  - Embolisation of arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord. A case report.
AB  - An arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord in a 41-year-old man treated by
      intra-arterial embolisation is reported. The progressive spastic weakness and
      severe burning pain responded well to treatment. The carefully calculated use of
      Ivalon particles is essential and is described. Evoked potentials were used to
      monitor the status of the spinal cord during the procedure. It is essential that
      a team of clinicians and radiologists be established at major centres to handle
      such cases.

PMID- 3375950
TI  - Postoperative pancreatitis--a cause of anastomotic leaks? A report of 4 cases.
AB  - Four cases of suture-line dehiscence occurring during acute postoperative
      pancreatitis are presented. The possible causative role of the pancreatitis in
      the pathogenesis of these leaks is discussed.

PMID- 3375951
TI  - Internal ophthalmoplegia and cranial neuropathy without external ophthalmoplegia.
      A report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two patients presented with an acute syndrome of internal ophthalmoplegia in the
      absence of external ophthalmoplegia, bilateral involvement of other cranial
      nerves, and minimal evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Cerebrospinal fluid
      protein was slightly raised, and moderate slowing of nerve conduction velocity
      was observed peripherally. It is suggested that these cases may represent a
      variant of acute post-infectious polyneuritis.

PMID- 3375953
TI  - South African Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 24th congress. Sun
      City, 17-21 April 1988. Report.

PMID- 3375952
TI  - Phenytoin sodium in intravenous solutions.

PMID- 3375954
TI  - Cardiothoracic surgery.

PMID- 3375955
TI  - Superior pulmonary sulcus carcinoma.
AB  - Carcinomas in the superior pulmonary sulcus produce "Pancoast's syndrome,"
      involving pain in the shoulder and the ulnar distribution of the arm and hand, as
      well as Horner's syndrome. Careful evaluation and appropriate staging select the
      patients for preoperative irradiation (3000 rads) over a two- or three-week
      period. After a two- to four-week interlude, surgical resection of the chest
      wall, lower brachial plexus, and lung en bloc produces a five-year survival rate
      of over 30 per cent. Contraindications to this therapeutic approach include an
      excessive extension of the tumor into the neck or vertebrae, substantial
      mediastinal node metastases, and peripheral tumor dissemination.

PMID- 3375956
TI  - Surgical management of tracheal strictures.
AB  - Tracheal strictures are complications of prolonged endotracheal intubation or
      tracheostomy. Successful management requires knowledge of tracheal anatomy,
      principles of anesthesia, and principles of tracheal surgery. Strictures
      involving up to one half of the adult trachea can be successfully managed by
      resection and primary anastomosis in over 90 per cent of the patients.

PMID- 3375957
TI  - Surgical treatment of asbestos-related disease of the chest.
AB  - Thoracic surgeons are asked to evaluate various diseases related to asbestos,
      including benign pleural plaques, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer. The
      benign localized mesothelioma is usually considered in the differential diagnosis
      of pleural tumors, but it is not related to asbestos exposure. Benign pleural
      plaques can be diagnosed by history and radiologic studies, and surgery offers no
      therapeutic benefit. Diffuse malignant mesothelioma is currently an incurable
      tumor, but pleurectomy can afford some palliation. Extrapleural pneumonectomy can
      be accomplished with an acceptable mortality, but long-term results do not
      justify its routine use. Lung cancer in those exposed to asbestos fibers is
      treated no differently than when it occurs in the general population.

PMID- 3375959
TI  - Neurogenic tumors of the thorax.
AB  - Neurogenic tumors of the thorax are observed in all age groups, although they are
      rare in the elderly. They are more likely to be malignant in the child than in
      the adult. Tumors of the autonomic system are common in children, whereas the
      nerve sheath tumors are more likely to be found in adults. The malignant lesions
      are almost always symptomatic and the benign lesions asymptomatic, except in the
      child, in whom a benign lesion may result in symptoms because of its size
      relative to the volume of the child's thorax. Intraspinal canal extension,
      although relatively infrequent, should be sought for in all paravertebral tumors,
      for a significant percentage of these may be initially asymptomatic. Excision of
      such an hourglass tumor without foreknowledge of such extension may lead to
      serious spinal cord complications. Surgical excision of most of these tumors is
      sufficient except for the malignant lesions, especially in infancy and childhood,
      for which the addition of postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy may be
      beneficial. The prognosis after the removal of benign neurogenic tumors of the
      thorax is excellent. In the infant or child with Stage III or IV neuroblastoma,
      ganglioneuroblastoma, or an Askin tumor, the prognosis is poor. In the adult with
      a malignant neurogenic sarcoma or a malignant paraganglioma, the prognosis
      likewise is grave.

PMID- 3375958
TI  - Cystic disease of the lungs.
AB  - Cystic disease of the lung should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      any patient presenting with respiratory symptoms. The most important aids
      available to the thoracic surgeon for the evaluation of cystic disease are
      history, physical examination, and chest radiograph. Confirmation of diagnosis
      often requires computed tomography, pulmonary and thoracic aortic angiography,
      and upper gastrointestinal barium series.

PMID- 3375960
TI  - The influence of resident surgical training on outcome of carotid endarterectomy
      in a teaching hospital.
AB  - Eighty-two consecutive patients who underwent 101 consecutive carotid
      endarterectomies (CEA) between 1982 and the first half of 1986 were evaluated.
      All of the operations were performed by fourth and fifth year general surgical
      residents under direct staff supervision. Hemispheric symptoms were present in 75
      percent, and 64 per cent had a stenosis of 70 per cent or greater. In 24 per cent
      of the CEA, the indication for operation was a completed stroke. The operative
      stroke rate was 3 per cent and the mortality rate, 1 per cent. At a mean follow
      up period of 17.4 months, no strokes had occurred, and the restenosis rate was 4
      per cent over-all and 1 per cent in primary simple CEA. These results of CEA in a
      teaching hospital are excellent and indicate no compromise in patient care
      related to resident surgeons performing the procedures.

PMID- 3375961
TI  - Time and frequency of recurrence of cutaneous stage I malignant melanoma with
      guidelines for follow-up study.
AB  - This study is based upon 3,171 patients with clinical Stage I cutaneous malignant
      melanoma treated at the Sydney Melanoma Unit (SMU) in Australia. The mean follow
      up period was 9.8 years, ranging from 2.5 to 36.2 years. During the course of
      this follow-up study, recurrence developed in 886 patients. Three factors that
      predicted both the risk of recurrence and the disease-free interval were
      determined. These were thickness of tumor, the first definitive surgical
      treatment (whether or not the patient underwent elective dissection of lymph
      nodes) and the ulcerative state of the primary tumor. Follow-up schedules were
      designed taking all three of the factors into consideration. The schedules so
      derived reflected both the risk of recurrence and its alteration with time. It
      will obviously be necessary, however, to modify the frequency of follow-up visits
      according to the institutional resources available and the specific wishes of the
      patient. Annual review for an indefinite period for all patients with melanoma is
      recommended to detect both additional cancers and late recurrences.

PMID- 3375962
TI  - Resolution of malignant ascites after intraperitoneal chemotherapy in women with
      carcinoma of the ovary.
AB  - The treatment of malignant ascites is a difficult task that faces the physician
      who is treating patients with advanced carcinoma. We describe the clinical course
      of three patients with malignant ascites caused by advanced carcinoma of the
      ovary who were treated with cisplatin-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In all
      three patients, there was resolution of the ascites with relief of symptoms
      caused by abdominal distention. Although one patient had a fall in the serum
      level of CA 125 (the antigen marker of carcinoma of the ovary) with repeated
      courses of intraperitoneal therapy, there was little reduction in the bulky
      abdominal tumors. Even though intraperitoneal chemotherapy, as currently
      administered, does not appear to effect a significant reduction in tumor in women
      with bulky carcinoma of the ovary, it may be of benefit in improving the quality
      of life. Larger numbers of patients should be studied to better assess the role
      of this method of treatment in the palliative cure of patients with symptomatic
      malignant ascites.

PMID- 3375963
TI  - Tumor to fascia margin as a factor in local recurrence after modified radical
      mastectomy.
AB  - A new problem has arisen for surgeons now that the pectoralis major muscle is
      routinely left in place after mastectomy. When the pathologist reports a tumor
      close to the fascial margin, there has been uncertainty regarding the
      significance of this finding. In the present study, the histories of 346 women
      with negative nodes who underwent modified radical mastectomy and had an
      uninvolved plane under the breast were reviewed. The distance from tumor to
      fascia was recorded by the pathologist, and the patients were divided into
      "Close" and "Not Close" groups. The "Close" group (90 patients) had tumors within
      one low power field (4 millimeters) of the fascia while the "Not Close" group
      (256 patients) had tumors more than 4 millimeters from the fascial margin. Twelve
      of the patients had local recurrence within an average follow-up period of 47
      months, and a variety of analyses failed to show a statistically significant
      difference in local recurrence rates between the two groups. The results of this
      study indicate that tumor to fascia margin, as recorded by the pathologist, is
      not a strong determinant of local recurrence provided the areolar plane between
      the breast and the underlying fascia appears uninvolved at the time of
      mastectomy.

PMID- 3375964
TI  - Effects of nitroprusside and ketanserin upon pulmonary edema after acid injury.
AB  - Increased hydrostatic pressure and microvascular permeability after acid
      aspiration as causes of pulmonary and tracheobronchial edema were studied.
      Eighteen dogs were anesthetized and 3.0 milliliters per kilogram of 0.1 normal
      hydrochloride instilled into the trachea. After one hour, the platelet count
      decreased 47,500 per cubic millimeter (p less than 0.05) from base line levels of
      221,400 per cubic millimeter and platelet serotonin stores decreased from 2.09 to
      1.65 micrograms per 10(9) platelets (p less than 0.05). Mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure increased progressively from a base line value of 11 to 21 millimeters
      of mercury four hours after acid instillation (p less than 0.05). Mean arterial
      pressure fluctuated from a high of 143 millimeters of mercury to the final value,
      at four hours, of 119 millimeters of mercury. Ketanserin, a serotonin receptor
      antagonist, infused one hour after acid injury did not prevent release of
      platelet 5 hydroxytryptamine but led to a 24 per cent decrease in mean pulmonary
      arterial pressure from 13 to 10 millimeters of mercury (p less than 0.05) and an
      11 per cent decrease in mean arterial pressure from 135 to 120 millimeters of
      mercury (p less than 0.05). Nitroprusside produced a 30 per cent decrease in mean
      arterial pressure, but only a 20 per cent decline in mean pulmonary arterial
      pressure (p less than 0.05). Four hours after acid was instilled, untreated dogs
      produced 129 milliliters of edema fluid from the endotracheal tube. In proportion
      to the relative decline in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, nitroprusside
      therapy reduced the volume of edema to 72 milliliters (p less than 0.05) and
      ketanserin to 52 milliliters (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that 5
      hydroxytryptamine contributes to the pulmonary hypertension associated with acid
      injury and that the volume of edema formed may be directly related to the
      increase in the hydrostatic pressure.

PMID- 3375965
TI  - Surgical complications of the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble.
AB  - A retrospective review of our initial experience with the Garren-Edwards Gastric
      Bubble (American Edwards Laboratories) was undertaken to study its surgical
      complications. Between 22 February and 30 August 1986, 250 patients had 275
      gastric bubbles endoscopically inserted as an adjuvant treatment for morbid
      obesity. Profiles of the first 104 patients revealed a mean weight of 113.0
      kilograms (74 per cent above ideal body weight) and a mean weight loss of 10.1
      kilograms (0.76 kilogram per week) followed by a gain of 0.48 kilogram from the
      period of peak weight loss at 13.7 weeks to removal at 19.4 weeks. Thirty-three
      per cent had endoscopic removal and the remainder passed per rectum. Ninety-two
      had undergone previous abdominal operation. Five instances of obstruction of the
      upper part of the gastrointestinal tract (mean 18.3 weeks after insertion)
      required three operative removals, one endoscopic retrieval from the second
      portion of the duodenum and one hypaque small intestinal series with oral mineral
      oil to induce spontaneous passage. Four of the five patients had prior abdominal
      operations--cholecystectomy in one instance, appendectomy in one, cholecystectomy
      and appendectomy in one and exploratory laparotomy for multiple stab wounds in
      one. One (multiple stab wounds) had adhesions at the point of the obstruction.
      The patient who underwent endoscopic retrieval had premature deflation at 6.7
      weeks presumably due to a defective bubble. The weight gain after peak weight
      loss at 13.7 weeks likely represents spontaneous bubble deflation. Prior
      abdominal surgical treatment appears to be a significant risk factor for the
      development of obstruction after bubble deflation. In addition, two of five
      patients have been lost to follow-up study after insertion. Proper patient
      selection and careful monitoring may be crucial in reducing the morbidity
      associated with the Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble.

PMID- 3375966
TI  - Transhiatal blunt esophagectomy.
AB  - The operation of transhiatal esophagectomy has been revived in recent years, and
      several series have reported upon some of the advantages of this procedure over
      esophagectomy by way of a thoracotomy. Because part of the technique involves a
      "blind" dissection, it is important that the surgeon is completely familiar with
      the anatomic relations of the esophagus. A careful anatomic review of these
      relations was undertaken and important anatomic landmarks have been highlighted
      with the aid of anatomic dissection. Areas of anatomic fixation are found
      particularly at the tracheal bifurcation, the dome of the right pleura and the
      arch of the aorta. The right pleura also crosses the midline between the levels
      corresponding to the fifth and tenth thoracic vertebrae, and at the eighth
      thoracic vertebra, there is close proximity of pleurae. A better appreciation of
      these anatomic features will help the surgeon to decrease the morbidity of the
      transhiatal esophagectomy.

PMID- 3375967
TI  - Differentiation of postsurgical changes from carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Evaluation of 486 consecutive mammograms with biopsy and excision scars revealed
      25 with spiculated radiodensities on mammography. Of these 25 patients, 17 were
      diagnosed as having benign scars, based upon the appearance of a central lucency,
      representing fat in the central portion of the spiculated radiodensity. Seven
      patients were diagnosed as having carcinoma by the absence of lucency in the
      radiodensity at a biopsy or excision site.

PMID- 3375968
TI  - The triple stapling procedure as an improved technique for low anterior
      anastomosis using the EEA stapler.

PMID- 3375969
TI  - Partial splenectomy with autologous capsule graft.
AB  - The spleen is the most common organ to be injured in the abdomen. The importance
      of splenic salvage, when possible, is also well established. When associated with
      hollow viscus injury or other significant intra-abdominal trauma, the judicious
      avoidance of foreign material and necrotic tissue in splenorrhaphy is important
      to prevent against subsequent infection. The effective and expedient repair of
      the injured spleen requires creativity and a variety of alternative techniques
      used by the surgeon. The use of autologous capsule grafts to cover the raw
      parenchyma after partial splenectomy offers another simple adjunct to the
      armamentarium of the surgeon attempting splenic salvage.

PMID- 3375970
TI  - Modified gastrostomy for decompression and stenting.

PMID- 3375971
TI  - Axillary artery as a landmark in cannulating the subclavian vein.
AB  - A method of cannulation of the subclavian vein is described in which the axillary
      artery serves as the primary landmark for locating the vein. This technique
      results in a long skin tunnel and a very low incidence of pneumothorax or other
      complications.

PMID- 3375972
TI  - Management of large pituitary adenomas by transsphenoidal surgery.
AB  - We evaluated the ability of transsphenoidal surgery to produce visual
      improvement, endocrine remission, and complete tumor removal in 113 patients with
      pituitary adenomas extending beyond the sella turcica. Eighty-one percent of
      patients with preoperative visual field defects had postoperative improvement,
      19% had no change, and none deteriorated significantly. Seventy-nine percent of
      patients with diminished preoperative visual acuity had postoperative
      improvement; none deteriorated. Endocrine remission of functioning tumors was
      achieved in 43% of patients and complete resection by computed tomography
      scanning was also obtained in 43%. There were no deaths in this series and the
      major complication was cerebrospinal fluid leak, which occurred in 3% of
      patients. Comparison with transfrontal surgery suggests that these results are as
      good as those with transfrontal procedures and that the incidence of serious side
      effects is considerably lower. Transsphenoidal surgery is safe and effective in
      the surgical management of large pituitary adenomas.

PMID- 3375973
TI  - Intraorbital meningiomas. Surgical management and role of radiation therapy.
AB  - The authors discuss their experience with 11 cases of intraorbital meningioma,
      revealing how computed tomography scanning has aided in early diagnosis of
      primary optic nerve meningiomas. Despite the difficulty of removing apical,
      primary optic nerve meningioma without sacrificing the central retinal artery,
      the authors prefer a surgical approach backed up by radiation therapy. It appears
      that general improvement, although generally elusive, is worth the risk incurred
      in trying to overcome the deficits stemming from these tumors.

PMID- 3375974
TI  - Physiologic parameters of the Cushing reflex.
AB  - The effects of increased intracranial pressure and blood gas tensions on systemic
      blood pressure were examined in this study. Intracranial pressure was raised
      hydrostatically and blood gas tensions, blood pressure, and respiration were
      monitored in anesthetized dogs. Small gradual increments in intracranial pressure
      resulted in increased cerebral venous carbon dioxide tension, followed by
      increased respiration, a gradual rise in blood pressure, and finally an increase
      in heart rate. The results of this study indicate that blood pressure changes
      appear to be determined by alterations in carbon dioxide tension following
      increases in intracranial pressure; small increases in intracranial pressure
      elicit a cluster of physiologic responses, all directed toward stabilization of
      local cerebral carbon dioxide tension.

PMID- 3375975
TI  - Papilledema and spinal cord tumors.
AB  - Two cases of cervical schwannoma associated with papilledema and dementia are
      described and the pertinent literature is reviewed. It is very important to
      conduct complete spinal surveys when patients suffer dementia and papilledema and
      the cerebrospinal fluid protein is elevated.

PMID- 3375976
TI  - Familial cavernous malformations. Diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance
      imaging.
AB  - Three patients from the same family underwent operations for neurological
      symptoms related to vascular lesions that proved on pathological examination to
      be cavernous malformations. Two of the lesions were intracranial and one was in
      the thoracic spine. Five other family members have also had neurological
      symptoms; three of these five were studied with cerebral magnetic resonance
      imaging and computed tomography. The vascular malformations seen on computed
      tomography scans were more clearly delineated by magnetic resonance images, and
      in one case, magnetic resonance images identified intracerebral vascular
      pathology not demonstrated by computed tomography. Magnetic resonance images in
      two neurologically normal family members showed no abnormalities. We conclude
      that in this family, magnetic resonance imaging was superior to computed
      tomography in identifying and delineating vascular malformations of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 3375977
TI  - Brain metastasis from urachal carcinoma.
AB  - A case of brain metastasis from urachal carcinoma is reported. Originally the
      source of the tumor was unknown. Histologic diagnosis of resected specimen was
      adenocarcinoma. Later removal of urachal carcinoma with partial resection of the
      bladder revealed adenocarcinoma identical to that of the brain tumor.

PMID- 3375978
TI  - Lateral approach to the anterior portion of the foramen magnum. Application to
      surgical removal of 14 benign tumors: technical note.
AB  - In surgery, better access to the anterior part of the foramen magnum with less
      risk to the lower brainstem can be obtained by lateral enlargement of the usual
      posterior opening. This requires exposure and control of the vertebral artery
      (VA) and the sigmoid sinus (SS) and, for further enlargement, medial
      transposition of the VA and section of the SS with inferior petrosal resection.
      This technique has been applied fully or partially in 14 cases of anteriorly
      located tumors of the foramen magnum. It widens exposure on the anterior aspect
      of the neural axis and allows work in a nearly frontal plane.

PMID- 3375979
TI  - [Treatment results of surgical and radiologic therapy of penile cancer].
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made about the results achieved in 64 patients after
      combined surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment. The tumor areas were irradiated
      by fast electrons or cobalt 60 with 50 to 55 Gy, the lymph nodes received doses
      of 45 to 55 Gy. Local tumor control was achieved in 27 out of 28 patients
      irradiated immediately after surgery (96%). In case of demonstrated lymph node
      invasion, local control was achieved in 14 out of 19 cases (74%). The median
      survival was 9.6 years for patients in stage T1/2, N0, M0 and 2.5 years for
      patients in stage T1-4, N+, M0. The first two years following to therapy were
      decisive for the prognosis. Among those of our patients who developed recurrences
      during this period, not one could be cured in the long run. Two years after the
      end of therapy, the survival probability of patients without lymph node
      metastases becomes comparable to the survival curve of normal male population of
      the same age. In the treatment of penile carcinoma, a gradual proceeding
      depending on the stage is recommended for the combination of surgery and
      radiotherapy. In case of lymph node metastases, the application of adjuvant
      chemotherapy should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 3375980
TI  - [Hyperfractionated irradiation of esophageal cancer. Initial results of a pilot
      study].
AB  - A group of 21 patients with esophagus carcinomas was submitted to
      hyperfractionated irradiation with a total reference dose of 65 Gy, applied in 50
      fractions over five weeks. Generally, the irradiation was well tolerated. About
      49% of the patients are alive one year later.

PMID- 3375981
TI  - [Effect of irradiation of oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal tumors on thyroid
      function].
AB  - The irradiation of cervical lymphatics in case of oral and pharyngeal carcinomas
      as well as the irradiation of the operated area in case of laryngeal carcinomas
      leads to an exposition of the thyroid gland which may result in a dysfunction of
      this organ. An evaluation of our patients suffering from these tumors and treated
      during 1984 and 1985 showed a latent hypothyreosis in 46.7% of the patients
      treated only by cervical irradiation and in 20.7% of the cases treated by
      radiotherapy of the tumoral focus and additional irradiation of the cervical
      lymphatics (p less than 0.1). Clinical symptoms were scarcely evident in both
      groups. For struma prophylaxis, thyreosubstitution with L-thyroxine is
      recommended.

PMID- 3375982
TI  - [Follow-up of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy of advanced bladder cancer
      using magnetic resonance tomography. Initial results].
AB  - A combination of cis-platinum and radiotherapy was applied in five patients with
      advanced bladder carcinomas. The patients were examined by nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging prior to and following therapy. Corresponding to cell-kinetic
      considerations regarding tissues with slow cell turnover, a maximum therapy
      effect is shown about nine months after the end of local therapy. Smaller control
      intervals are recommended in case of bladder carcinomas with lymph node
      metastases. Due to the possibility of multiple slice imaging, the nuclear
      magnetic resonance technique is particularly suited for the monitoring of bladder
      carcinomas. Sagittal and coronary slices show a better image of tumoral extension
      at the roof and floor of the bladder than axial computed tomography. Lymph node
      metastases are represented relatively late by both methods.

PMID- 3375983
TI  - [Post-actinic focal liver lesions].

PMID- 3375984
TI  - [A simple device for positioning and fixing the head in radiotherapy of brain
      tumors in frontal and lateral position].
AB  - In radiotherapy of cerebral tumors in the occipital, central, and parietal area
      it can be favourable to fix the patient's head in frontal or lateral position. It
      is true that this problem can be solved by manufacturing individual face masks of
      PVC with the vacuum deep-drawing method, but this method is very time- and cost
      consuming. The present study suggests a simplified method using the thermoplastic
      polyester "Orfit". Such a mask provides a good immobilization and can be
      manufactured in 10 to 15 minutes without bothering much the patient. Simulation
      and computed tomography are not substantially affected by the material.

PMID- 3375985
TI  - A technical equipment for workroom with californium-252 used for the gamma
      neutron brachytherapy.
AB  - A proposal for the 252Cf intracavitary brachytherapeutic workroom with the
      description of the technical equipment for the radioactive source storage and
      manipulation and the personal protection against the gamma-neutron radiation is
      provided.

PMID- 3375986
TI  - Volumetrical and morphological responses of human laryngeal squamous cell
      carcinoma xenografts treated with fractionated irradiation.
AB  - Xenografts of both primary human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its
      metastases were irradiated with five daily fractions of 5.0 Gy. Tumor volume
      changes, morphology, mitotic index and mitotic figures were studied. Primary
      xenografts disappeared within 17 +/- 3 days. Grafts of metastases showed complete
      regression within 26 +/- 5 days, or regrowth after a delay period. Mitotic
      activity was higher in the grafts of metastases. The number of mitotic figures
      decreased and ceased within 14 days in the primary tumor, while some were still
      occasionally noted in the grafts of metastases. Telophase stages were practically
      absent after the first fraction. This study suggests that the response of
      metastases to radiation therapy is lower than the response of the primary tumor.

PMID- 3375987
TI  - Surgical therapy of localized abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may involve a variety of abdominal organs, including the
      liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and retroperitoneum. The number of organs
      potentially involved and the noncontiguous mode of spread make non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma a difficult tumor to evaluate at the time of laparotomy. To clarify the
      surgical management of patients with this tumor, we retrospectively reviewed the
      medical records of 202 patients with histologically proven abdominal lymphomas.
      Within this group, 36 patients underwent laparotomy before they had chemotherapy
      or radiation therapy. Ten patients were explored to establish a histologic
      diagnosis of lymphoma. The remaining 26 patients underwent laparotomy because of
      presumed benign disease. Twenty patients were found to have localized disease at
      laparotomy. Patients with localized disease demonstrated significantly better
      survival than patients with extranodal and nodal involvement (p less than 0.05).
      Four patients with local resection received no adjuvant therapy and were free of
      disease a median of 50 months after surgery.

PMID- 3375988
TI  - The effect of truncal vagotomy on the response of the canine lower esophageal
      sphincter to varying doses of pancreatic polypeptide.
AB  - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
      levels increase after ingestion of a protein meal. This study was done to
      determine whether an increase in LESP would occur during intravenous
      administration of exogenous PP at physiologic and pharmacologic doses and whether
      the integrity of vagal innervation would alter the response. Manometric
      observations were made, in each of five dogs, of the LESP before and during
      intravenous infusion of bovine PP at doses ranging from 0.05 to 10
      micrograms/kg/hour. Blood samples were obtained simultaneously with LESP
      measurements for radioimmunoassay determinations of PP. The lowest dose of PP
      (0.05 microgram/kg/hour) did not produce an increase in either LES pressure or
      circulating levels of immunoreactive PP. At all other doses, a significant
      increase occurred in the LESPs and in plasma PP levels. Infusion of PP at 1.0
      microgram/kg/hour produced levels of PP similar to those seen postprandially (300
      to 400 pg/ml). After vagotomy, studies were repeated at doses ranging from 1.0 to
      5.0 micrograms/kg/hour. Infusion of PP at 1.0 microgram/kg/hour produced PP
      levels similar to those seen in the prevagotomy period; however, there was no
      change in LES pressures from the fasting postvagotomy values. Administration of
      PP at 1.5, 2.0, and 5.0 micrograms/kg/hour did produce slight increases in LESP
      values, which were significantly less than those observed prevagotomy. These
      higher doses of PP postvagotomy also produced pharmacologic levels of plasma PP.
      These results demonstrate that an increase in LESP occurs when exogenous PP is
      administered at doses that produce physiologic levels of PP in dogs with intact
      vagi; vagotomy results in a marked attenuation of this response.

PMID- 3375989
TI  - Surgery in space. Phase I: Basic surgical principles in a simulated space
      environment.
AB  - The venturing forth of man into space confronts the surgeon with a new weightless
      environment with which he will inevitably have to contend. In this study
      operative procedures were performed on 20 rats in a simulated space environment
      with use of neutral buoyancy in order to identify those factors that could
      actually or potentially affect operative technique. There are three general areas
      of difference from normal conditions in simulated microgravity: physical
      adaptation to gravity deprivation tissue behavior, including bleeding; and the
      conduct of surgery. Without gravity, the tactile "feel" of objects is changed
      ("heavy" and "light" are meaningless terms) and proprioception is confused so
      that there is past pointing and overreaching of movements. Tissue planes tend to
      separate, and organs float and bob in the operative field, which makes clamping,
      cutting, and suturing different. Bleeding is a major consideration; surface
      tension tends to keep venous blood oozing along surfaces, whereas pulsatile
      arterial blood forms droplets, streamers, and clouds, depending on the force of
      the bleeding. These factors and others interfere with surgical technique in a
      number of ways: dispersion of blood obscures the surgeon's vision, sutures become
      entangled, organs are not stabilized, and instruments float into the operative
      field. The limitations of comparing neutral buoyancy to the true zero gravity of
      space are addressed. There is a definite need for further investigation for
      development of new surgical techniques in preparation for experimental and
      clinical surgery in space.

PMID- 3375990
TI  - Computed tomography in the evaluation of the patient with symptomatic abdominal
      aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Computed tomography was used to evaluate 25 hemodynamically stable patients with
      suspected leaking abdominal aortic aneurysms. Of 10 patients found to have the
      presence of free retroperitoneal blood, six underwent immediate operation and
      five survived (83%). Delay in operation uniformly resulted in death. There was
      one false-positive study. Twelve patients demonstrated no extravascular fluid on
      initial computed tomography interpretation. Unsuspected nonvascular problems were
      found in six patients (40%). There was one false-negative study that resulted in
      a death. Clinical findings at initial examinations were similar in both groups.
      We conclude that in the hemodynamically stable patient, combining prompt computed
      tomography evaluation and immediate operation optimizes outcome in patients with
      leaking abdominal aortic aneurysms.

PMID- 3375991
TI  - Promotion of gastric tumorigenesis by duodenal contents in rats induced with N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG).
AB  - Reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach occurs in patients with pyloric
      incompetence and after gastric resection when bile-diverting procedures are
      omitted. In such settings duodenal contents have been considered to favor the
      development of gastric cancer. We have studied the effect of chronic
      duodenogastric reflux on gastric tumor promotion in rats treated with N-methyl-N'
      nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in an experimental design that avoids physical trauma to
      the glandular stomach. Thus the effect of trauma-induced tissue repair on
      carcinogenesis is eliminated, and duodenogastric reflux is isolated as an
      experimental parameter. To achieve such reflux the first jejunal loop was
      anastomosed to the forestomach in rats. Animals were exposed to MNNG in drinking
      water (83 mg/L) for 12 weeks before induction of reflux. Experimental groups were
      as follow: I, reflux plus MNNG (n = 32); II, MNNG alone (n = 27); III, reflux
      alone (n = 28); IV, control (n = 25). The experiment was terminated after 56
      weeks. Only animals that had survived for 90 days were included in the effective
      number of animals, which allowed for equal chances of tumor development. In no
      animal that died earlier had tumors developed. Animals with reflux plus MNNG
      treatment had significantly more glandular neoplasms (12/32) than did animals
      with MNNG treatment alone (4/27; p less than 0.05). Similarly, more animals with
      squamous cell neoplasms were recorded in group I (9/32) than in group II (2/27; p
      less than 0.05). In consideration of all tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal
      origin, more gastric malignant tumors were observed in group I (9/32) than in
      group II (2/27; p less than 0.05). It is concluded that chronic exposure to
      duodenal contents promotes the development of gastric neoplasia.

PMID- 3375992
TI  - Site of action of morphine sulfate and motilin in the induction of "premature"
      phase III-like activity in the canine gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Our aims were twofold: First, to determine whether motilin and morphine induce
      "premature" Phase III-like motor activity by acting on receptors located in the
      wall of the proximal duodenum; second, to characterize the relationship between
      onset of pharmacologically induced Phase III-like activity and changes in plasma
      motilin concentration. Five dogs were studied with use of motilin, in doses
      ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 micrograms/kg, and with use of morphine sulfate, in
      doses ranging from 2.5 to 80 micrograms/kg, administered by close intra-arterial
      injection to the proximal duodenum at 40% of the spontaneous migrating motor
      complex cycle. The minimum effective doses of motilin and morphine necessary to
      induce premature Phase III-like activity when given intravenously were also
      determined. Both motilin and morphine induced premature Phase III-like activity
      in the duodenum, the characteristics of which were similar to those of
      spontaneous Phase III except that the velocity of migration in morphine-induced
      Phase III-like activity was greater. The minimum effective dose of each agent was
      no different whether given intra-arterially or intravenously. The latencies of
      response to intra-arterial and intravenous administration of each agent were no
      different. Doses of morphine effective in inducing premature Phase III-like
      activity led to increases in plasma motilin concentration that occurred only
      after Phase III-like activity had begun in the duodenum. Our results suggest that
      humoral initiation of fasting motor activity in the duodenum by motilin and
      morphine does not occur by stimulation of receptors located within the wall of
      the duodenum.

PMID- 3375993
TI  - Limits of cardiac compensation in anemic baboons.
AB  - The risk of homologous blood may cause physicians to withhold red cell treatment
      after acute blood loss. We believe that in the euvolemic patient with acute
      anemia, the heart is the principal organ at risk. The cardiac compensation to
      extreme anemia is unknown and is the purpose of this report. Fourteen adult
      baboons were anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated with room air. Left atrial
      and coronary sinus catheters were inserted surgically. Experimental animals (n =
      7) were hemodiluted at constant left atrial pressure with 5% human serum albumin.
      Control animals (n = 7) underwent similar volume exchanges with fresh, cross
      matched, homologous red blood cells resuspended in human serum albumin, also at
      constant left atrial pressure. Six of seven experimental animals survived until
      hematocrit levels were 4%. Adequate cardiac compensation was observed until
      hematocrit levels were less than 10%. Increased flow, without increases in the O2
      extraction ratio, was the mechanism of compensation used by the healthy heart
      with patent coronary vessels.

PMID- 3375994
TI  - Improved prediction of success in surgical clerkship through measures of
      information processing.
AB  - A new system for predicting success of surgical student performance has been
      developed. A test of surgical knowledge, with questions given in the form of
      analogies, was administered to 16 students in their fourth week of clerkship.
      While solving test items, students' eye movements and fixations were tracked. By
      analysis of the recordings, eight scores of information-processing capabilities
      were derived. The processing scores and conventional predictors of medical school
      clinical performance were analyzed to determine their power to predict success,
      defined by ratings given on a 1 to 10 scale by 21 faculty members based on three
      tests of cognitive knowledge, two performance-based examinations, and faculty
      reports. The ratings were reliable (generalizability coefficient = 0.72; p less
      than 0.001). Stepwise regression analysis of all variables selected one MCAT
      score (science problems) and two information-processing scores to the statistical
      model that maximally predicted success. Regression coefficient for the science
      problem subset of the MCAT was 0.42. This was augmented to R2 = 0.77 when
      information processing variables were included. The increment was significant, F
      (2, 11) = 9.25; p less than 0.01. A newly developed test, coupled with techniques
      that made possible the derivation of components of information processing, nearly
      doubled the power of conventional tests to predict success in surgical clerkship.

PMID- 3375995
TI  - Management of the surgically traumatized, irradiated, and infected pelvis.
AB  - A plan for staged management of pelvic wound complications after combined surgery
      and radiation therapy for pelvic cancer is presented. Principles emphasized are
      as follow: wide drainage and irrigation of infected tissues; creation of an
      abdominopelvic partition, to exclude bowel and gastrointestinal anastomoses away
      from the pelvis in order to reestablish intestinal function; wide excision of
      irradiated and infected tissue; and transfer of vascularized tissue into the
      pelvic defect to promote healing and obliterate space. When infection occurs in
      the surgically traumatized and heavily irradiated pelvis, an aggressive approach
      to treatment must be pursued and is usually successful.

PMID- 3375996
TI  - Transposition angioplasty: a technique for the correction of proximal anastomotic
      neointimal hyperplasia in femoral distal bypasses.
AB  - Neointimal hyperplasia at the proximal anastomosis of a femorodistal bypass can
      be managed by dividing the autogenous vein graft and transposing the proximal
      anastomosis from the common femoral to the deep femoral artery. The method
      obviates repeat dissection of the graft and femoral arteries in the groin.

PMID- 3375997
TI  - Hematometra-hematocolpos: a late complication of successful separation of
      conjoined twins.
AB  - A late complication of separation of conjoined twins, hematometra-hematocolpos,
      may appear with sexual maturation. An obstructed genital outflow tract can cause
      significant urologic and reproductive tract morbidity.

PMID- 3375998
TI  - Intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis of the visceral arteries in a young woman:
      possible relation with oral contraceptives and smoking.
AB  - This is a report of a 26-year-old woman who died of a massive intestinal
      infarction caused by occlusion of the celiac axis and the superior and inferior
      mesenteric arteries. Autopsy showed intimal hyperplasia and an overlying thrombus
      that obstructed the lumen of the vessel. As shown by Irey et al., exogenous or
      endogenous female reproductive steroids can act on the vascular system as a
      target organ and induce intimal hyperplasia and thrombus formation. The effects
      of contraceptive estrogens and progestogens are discussed, but the catalytic
      effect of heavy cigarette smoking appears to be the factor that induces, in
      predisposed women with hyperplasia, thrombosis of visceral arteries. In this case
      report we want to emphasize that the association between smoking and oral
      contraceptives can cause cardiovascular disease in young women. Failure to
      recognize this fact could result in delayed diagnosis and worsen the prognosis.

PMID- 3375999
TI  - Prosthetic reconstruction in the treatment of prosthetic graft infections.

PMID- 3376000
TI  - Nonoperative management of blunt abdominal trauma in children.

PMID- 3376001
TI  - [Mental health system (3). Mental diseases--what are we talking about?].

PMID- 3376002
TI  - [Look for a career in psychiatry, you too!. Interview by Kjell Arne Bakke].

PMID- 3376003
TI  - [What is our attitude to AIDS patients?].

PMID- 3376005
TI  - [Learning for life?].

PMID- 3376004
TI  - [Health services and district community economics].

PMID- 3376006
TI  - [Serious break in negotiations].

PMID- 3376007
TI  - [Rehabilitation of the elderly--also in the hospital].

PMID- 3376008
TI  - [Nurses' shortage. Professional rearmament and higher wages will stop the
      flight].

PMID- 3376009
TI  - [Mental health system (4). Psychiatric patients' legal position].

PMID- 3376010
TI  - [Operating room nursing. Swedish warning with nursing assistants in operating
      room activities].

PMID- 3376011
TI  - [Dying as a disease].

PMID- 3376012
TI  - [To make language to function].

PMID- 3376013
TI  - [Hygiene nurses. Professional group with tasks within the entire hierarchy].

PMID- 3376014
TI  - [Nursing home or home-based nursing care?].

PMID- 3376015
TI  - [Good advice or an order?].

PMID- 3376016
TI  - [Nursing shortage--what are we talking about?].

PMID- 3376017
TI  - [Community health services. 42-hour day service in home-based nursing care].

PMID- 3376018
TI  - [Nursing profession's foundation in knowledge and tradition].

PMID- 3376019
TI  - [Mental health system (5). Psychiatric polyclinic--a barrier for admissions].

PMID- 3376020
TI  - [Nurses in air ambulances].

PMID- 3376021
TI  - [Professional affairs worth striking for].

PMID- 3376022
TI  - [Nursing research. Expectations of Norwegian nursing research].

PMID- 3376024
TI  - [Nursing science. It started with the University of Bergen. Interview by Eivind
      Berggrav].

PMID- 3376023
TI  - [Education and research. Institute for Nursing Science with its first milepole].

PMID- 3376025
TI  - [Mental health system (6). Psychiatry--therapy and "police activities". Interview
      by Eivind Berggrav].

PMID- 3376026
TI  - [Management of own profession. Joint nursing services--also from an economic
      viewpoint].

PMID- 3376027
TI  - [Ward nurse--the impossible jobs].

PMID- 3376028
TI  - [Campaign against smoking in hospitals. Interview by Eivind Berggrav].

PMID- 3376029
TI  - [Norwegian Nurses' Association's need for wage negotiations in the Spring].

PMID- 3376030
TI  - [Nursing shortage. Increased education and higher wages are good medicine].

PMID- 3376031
TI  - [Nurses should get up from the starting gate. Interview by Helle Kastholm
      Hansen].

PMID- 3376032
TI  - [School principals. Yes but, you know they have next to no clothes on!].

PMID- 3376033
TI  - [Nurse managers. Even good products can always become better].

PMID- 3376034
TI  - [District nursing. The qualitative, the political and the cultural dimension].

PMID- 3376035
TI  - [We have waited a long time for higher education].

PMID- 3376036
TI  - [Nurses' income tax 1987].

PMID- 3376037
TI  - [Nursing should not be considered a science].

PMID- 3376038
TI  - [Privatization shall "solve" the crisis in English hospitals].

PMID- 3376039
TI  - [Hygiene nurses work ahead to the year 2000].

PMID- 3376040
TI  - [Danish Nurses' Council--together or apart].

PMID- 3376041
TI  - [AIDS--nursing and treatment seen from two viewpoints].

PMID- 3376042
TI  - [Automatic data processing--an aid and a challenge in research].

PMID- 3376043
TI  - [Section division of the Danish Nurses' Council].

PMID- 3376044
TI  - [Elderly persons admitted to the hospital get visits from the health visitor.
      Interview by Lars Peter Bergqvist].

PMID- 3376045
TI  - [First strike among English nurses].

PMID- 3376046
TI  - [Humanitarian activities. Emergency assistance with a sharp profile. Interview by
      Lars Peter Bergqvist].

PMID- 3376047
TI  - [Broken illusions].

PMID- 3376048
TI  - [Statement for health policy can be misinterpreted].

PMID- 3376049
TI  - [Shortage of 200,000 nurses].

PMID- 3376050
TI  - [Nursing shortage. Half a pig for a whole nurse].

PMID- 3376051
TI  - Factors influencing the optimum sex ratio in a structured population.
AB  - W. D. Hamilton (1967, Science 156, 477-488) calculated the optimum sex-ratio
      strategy for a population subdivided into local mating groups. He made three
      important assumptions: that the females founding each group responded precisely
      to the number of them initiating the group; that ail broods within a group
      matured synchronously; and that males were incapable of dispersing between
      groups. We have examined the effects of relaxing each of these assumptions and
      obtained the following results: (1) When broods mature asynchronously the optimum
      sex ratio is considerably more female biased than the Hamiltonian prediction. (2)
      Increasing male dispersal always decreases the optimum female bias to the sex
      ratio, but it is of particular interest that when moderate levels of dispersal
      are coupled with asynchrony of brood maturation then the optimum strategy is
      relatively insensitive to changes in foundress number. (3) When females cannot
      precisely determine the number of other foundresses initiating the group then the
      optimum strategy is almost exactly the strategy appropriate to a group of average
      size. These effects can be most easily understood in terms of local parental
      control (LPC) of the sex ratio. Through LPC a founding female can alter the
      mating success of her sons by altering the sex ratio of her brood. Asynchrony in
      the maturation of broods within a group increases the control that a founding
      female has over the mating success of her sons, whereas male dispersal reduces
      it. We have shown that the role of LPC and the role of inbreeding, which favors a
      female-biased sex ratio in haploidiploid species, are independent and that their
      effects can be combined into a single general formula r = (1-(r2/z2) E(alpha
      z/alpha r]/(1 + I). The concept of LPC can also be used to interpret two factors
      which have been proposed to select for the Hamiltonian sex ratios: local mate
      competition is LPC acting through sons; and sib mating is LPC acting through
      daughters.

PMID- 3376052
TI  - Variances and covariances of squared linkage disequilibria in finite populations.
AB  - Analysis of linkage disequilibrium D among restriction sites or bases in DNA
      sequences, arising from mutations in finite populations, depends on a knowledge
      of the variance-covariance structure of measures such as D2 between different
      pairs of sites. This requires evaluation of the eighth moments of gene
      frequencies among two, three, and four loci, and the necessary methodology is
      derived here and results are computed. While primary emphasis is placed on
      disequilibrium arising from mutation or gene conversion, the methodology also
      allows for the joint effects of only drift and recombination. Numerical results
      confirm that squared linkage disequilibria can have high variances and
      covariances.

PMID- 3376053
TI  - Platelets and aging. II--Plasma lipoproteins and fatty acid profiles.
AB  - Lipid composition of both plasma and platelets were investigated in sixteen old
      (78-94 years) and eight young (25-35 years) subjects. No age-related change was
      noted in plasma total and HDL cholesterol whereas a slightly increase of
      triglycerides was observed in the elderly population. Level of apo AI tended to
      decrease while apo AII decreased significantly in the elderly. These results led
      to a higher apo AI/apo AII ratio in elder subjects. However, no difference was
      detected in the level of apo B. In contrast, several modifications appeared in
      fatty acid composition of plasma lipids. Primarily, monounsaturated fatty acids
      content was increased while level of linoleic acid (and arachidonic acid in
      phospholipids) decreased in each class of plasma lipids of elderly subjects. In
      platelets from the elderly, we found an enhancement of monounsaturated fatty
      acids in phosphatidyl-inositol (PI), -ethanolamine (PE) and -choline (PC). The
      decrease of linoleic acid was detected in PC while the reduction of AA was noted
      in PE. These results indicate that modifications of fatty acid composition in
      both plasma and platelet lipids appeared with aging. They might be linked to the
      enhanced platelet activation in vivo observed in elderly people.

PMID- 3376054
TI  - Two-step targeting of urokinase to plasma clot provides efficient fibrinolysis.
AB  - Two-step targeting of urokinase to a model thrombus (human plasma clot) has been
      examined in vitro. To this purpose a covalent conjugate of vector antibodies to
      fibrinogen with monoclonal non-inhibiting antibody to urokinase was obtained
      using cross-linking agent disuccinimidilsuberate. After pretreatment with the
      conjugate clot acquired affinity for urokinase, which alters the character of
      fibrinolysis. Pretreatment with the conjugate resulted in at least 10-fold
      decrease in dose of urokinase needed for effective clot lysis (from 150 IU/ml for
      intact clot to 10-15 IU/ml for pretreated one). This variant of urokinase
      targeting provides effective clot lysis without fibrinogenolysis in plasma.

PMID- 3376055
TI  - Heparin cofactor II in patients with deep venous thrombosis under heparin and
      oral anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3376056
TI  - [Patient controlled epidural analgesic treatment via a portable infusion pump].

PMID- 3376057
TI  - [Clinical experiences with self-administered morphine analgesics].

PMID- 3376058
TI  - [Use of computer tomography in stroke].

PMID- 3376059
TI  - [Use of computer tomography for the evaluation of adequate shunt function].

PMID- 3376060
TI  - [Intrauterine devices and ectopic pregnancies. An association that disappeared].

PMID- 3376061
TI  - [Spigelian hernia].

PMID- 3376063
TI  - [Semirigid penile implants in erectile impotence].

PMID- 3376062
TI  - [Psychogenic erectile impotence].

PMID- 3376064
TI  - [Control of epidemics and Norway's use of the WHO in the fight against contagious
      diseases].

PMID- 3376065
TI  - [Mastitis].

PMID- 3376066
TI  - [Disagreements concerning anticoagulants].

PMID- 3376067
TI  - [Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold, 1870) (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) in an
      imported dog].
AB  - Dipetalonema dracunculoides was found in the abdominal and thoracic cavities of
      an imported dog.

PMID- 3376068
TI  - [A case of selenium poisoning in piglets].
AB  - Acute paralysis was observed in suckling piglets and weaner piglets on a pig
      breeding farm. Pathomorphological investigations revealed characteristic lesions
      in the central nervous system. These lesions were indicative of selenium
      poisoning. This was verified by chemical-toxicological analysis of organs and
      tissues of the affected pigs. Poisoning was shown to have been caused by the
      feed: one feed preparation contained an extremely large amount of selenium, which
      was due to human failure.

PMID- 3376069
TI  - [Work prohibition or prevention of competition? Various marginal legal notes
      concerning the legality of a competition stipulation contracted with a (generally
      female) veterinarian married to a veterinarian].
AB  - With reference to legal principles such as freedom of contract and freedom of
      labour, it is examined whether a non-restraint of trade agreed upon with a
      (female) veterinary surgeon married to a veterinarian is legally operative in
      view of the fact that this contract in restraint of trade is not based on any
      legal relationship. This leads to the conclusion that arguments may be advanced,
      which cast doubt on the legality of these contracts. This does not imply that now
      the cause is open to the free setting up of a practice by the veterinarian
      married to a veterinary surgeon. It is briefly stated for which reasons possible
      competition may be unlawful in this case, so that the veterinarian will be liable
      in damages when damage has been sustained. In conclusion, attention is drawn to a
      number of other legal problems, bearing all these stipulations.

PMID- 3376070
TI  - [Cryptosporidiosis in broiler chicks in The Netherlands].

PMID- 3376071
TI  - [Motivated professionally competent veterinarians through improved education,
      orientation and curricular organization].

PMID- 3376072
TI  - [Pieris japonica pieris poisoning in 2 goats].
AB  - Two fatal cases of Japanese pieris poisoning in goats are reported. The clinical
      symptoms of the two animals consisted in vomiting, salivation, excitation and
      depression. Despite rumenotomy and symptomatic treatment, the goats died within
      four days after the onset of the symptoms. Pulmonary oedema accompanied by
      lobular aspiration pneumonia was found to be present in one goat at autopsy.
      Hyperaemia, pulmonary oedema and acute tubular nephrosis were observed in the
      other animal.

PMID- 3376073
TI  - [Clazuril: a new anticoccidial agent for pigeons].
AB  - The effectiveness of clazuril (Appertex), a new anticoccidial agent for the
      treatment of pigeons is described in the present study. Clazuril, a benzene
      acetonitrile derivative, is administered in a single dose. In laboratory studies,
      121 carrier pigeons infected with E. labbeana and E. columbarum were treated once
      with clazuril in gelatin capsules at dose levels of 10 mg, 5 mg, 2.5 mg, 1.25 mg,
      0.63 mg or with a placebo. When a single dose of 2.5 mg and higher was
      administered, all faecal samples became negative for oocysts within seven days
      after treatment. In the field studies, 1531 young and full-grown carrier pigeons,
      from 116 infected dove-cotes, were treated with 1 tablet of 2.5 mg clazuril.
      Seven days after treatment, the faecal samples of 105 dove-cotes were negative
      for oocysts of E. Labbeana and E. columbarum; in six dove-cotes, infection was
      also virtually reduced to zero. Performance in racing was not affected by
      treatment and side-effects were not observed.

PMID- 3376074
TI  - [Safety of a new anticoccidial agent, clazuril, during reproduction in carrier
      pigeons].
AB  - In a six-month study, the safety of repeated treatments with clazuril, a new
      anticoccidial agent for the treatment of pigeons, was evaluated during 4 to 5
      consecutive reproduction cycles. Clazuril was administered weekly at the
      recommended therapeutic dose level of 2.5 mg/pigeon and at twice this dose. The
      results were compared to placebo treatment. Evaluation was based on the following
      parameters: reproductive behaviour, egg laying, fertilisation, embryonic
      mortality, hatching, percentage of weaning and time interval between consecutive
      reproductive cycles. Maternal-paternal toxicity (body weight evolution, feather
      coat) and tolerance in newborn pigeons (general behaviour, daily gain in body
      weight, feathering, skeletal anomalies) were also evaluated. In all the treatment
      groups, reproductive performance was comparable and no drug- or dose-related side
      effects were observed. Fertilisation, embryonic mortality and the time-interval
      between the consecutive reproductive cycles remained within the normal
      physiological range. Hatched pigeons showed a satisfactory daily weight gain and
      deaths among these birds were exceptional. Tolerance of clazuril in adult as well
      as in day-old pigeons was exceptionally good and body weight evolution,
      feathering and mortality were not adversely affected. No drug-related
      pathological findings or skeletal anomalies were detected in the animals at
      autopsy. It can be concluded that repeated treatments with clazuril are entirely
      harmless for pigeons during reproduction, even at double the therapeutic dose
      level. Clazuril is well tolerated by newborn and growing pigeons, which means
      that pigeon house group treatments during reproduction may be performed without
      any risk.

PMID- 3376075
TI  - [Bacterial count of milk, pin-points and udder health in dairying herds].
AB  - The pin-point colonies in bacterial counts of bulk milk were examined for the
      causative agents of mastitis. Udder health in herds showing unduly high bacterial
      counts as a result of pin-points was found to be reduced. There was no
      relationship between the organism isolated from the pin-points and the most
      important udder pathogen in the herd. The dairy farmers should be informed of the
      presence of pin-points when the bacterial counts are too high because of their
      presence.

PMID- 3376077
TI  - [Breeding and husbandry of cattle with big hindquarters].

PMID- 3376076
TI  - [The DSC Symposium: 'Differentiation, Specialization or Continuity?'].

PMID- 3376079
TI  - [A new drug against hip dysplasia?].

PMID- 3376078
TI  - [Incidence of chronic inflammations in gilts and castrated boars].
AB  - Investigations in approximately 18,000 pigs showed that the incidence of a number
      of forms of chronic inflammation (pericarditis, pleurisy, pneumonia, inflammation
      of the tails and inflammation of the feet) was significantly higher in castrated
      boars than it was in gilts. These differences between castrated boars and gilts
      is mainly attributable to the changes in hormonal pattern, which result from
      castration.

PMID- 3376080
TI  - [Hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 3376081
TI  - [Hygienic aspects of pig's head meat. 2. Mechanical separation of pigs' heads].
AB  - Deboning pigs' heads is a labour-intensive process. According to information
      supplied by the industry, mechanical separation of pigs' heads offers good
      prospects. Data on the hygienic implications of this process were not known.
      These were studied more closely in an experimental design. The bacteriological
      and sensory qualities as well as the chemical and histological composition of the
      product were compared with those of manually obtained pig's head meat. In
      addition, the yield of the process of separation was determined. Three groups of
      heads were mechanically separated, viz. untreated heads and heads which had
      previously been dipped in water having an initial temperature of 100 degrees C
      for one minute and five minutes respectively. These studies served to verify the
      fact that mechanical separation of pigs' heads is technically possible. Previous
      dipping of the heads in water at a temperature of 100 degrees C produced a
      considerable improvement of the yield in meat, which was due to setting of the
      rind. The chemical composition of the product was roughly identical with that of
      manually obtained head meat. However, tissue composition and structure of the
      tissues differed markedly. An important drawback is the higher count of
      Enterobacteriaceae in the product. These bacteria are probably released on
      compression from sites which are difficult of access such as the nose, the
      pharyngeal cavity and the alveoli. In addition, they may be possibly protected by
      a covering layer of mucus. Therefore, mechanical separation is not regarded as
      acceptable from the point of view of hygiene.

PMID- 3376082
TI  - [Lameness in Scottish Highlanders in the Imbos area].
AB  - Lameness occurred in Scottish Highlanders which were pastured in a part of the
      National Park Veluwezoom. This was followed by a general clinical picture,
      cachexia and death in a number of cases. Osteodystrophy resulting from calcium
      and phosphorus deficiencies in the local soil is regarded as the main cause.

PMID- 3376083
TI  - [Dysfunction of the oviducts and salpingectomy in a boa (C. constrictor).
      Description of a case].
AB  - When a boa was producing lumps of proteinaceous material during labour, and
      administration of calcium and oxytocin failed to be effective, and lumps
      continued to be palpable, it was decided to perform (partial) salpingectomy.
      Premedication consisted in administration of metomidate, anaesthesia being
      produced by halothane, oxygen and nitrous oxide given by intubation with a cuffed
      tube. The incision was made in the median line; the fat corpuscles were separated
      along the abdominal veins to gain access to the coelomic cavity; those portions
      of the two oviducts which showed changes were resected. The abdominal wall was
      sutured using intradermal sutures. Dressing of the wound.

PMID- 3376084
TI  - [Fine-needle aspiration biopsies].

PMID- 3376085
TI  - [Vigilance necessary in relation to Bang abortion].

PMID- 3376086
TI  - Bronchial stricture due to endobronchial tuberculosis.
AB  - From 1974 to 1986, there were 14 cases of bronchial stricture or obliteration
      caused by endobronchial tuberculous lesions. Nine cases had histories of
      tuberculosis but five were suspected of having malignant respiratory passage
      obstruction at the initial diagnosis. Five cases were kept under observation
      because of mildness of the subjective symptoms or refusal of operation. Nine
      cases underwent operation. As the bronchial lesions in three cases were confined
      to the lobar or segmental bronchus, lobectomies were done. One case with a
      history of infantile tuberculosis developed complete obliteration of the left
      main bronchus and cystic bronchiectasis in the entire lung parenchyma, so
      pneumonectomy was inevitable. Five cases which had strictures in the main
      bronchus underwent bronchoplastic surgery. The operative procedures were right
      sleeve upper lobectomy in four cases and left sleeve upper lobectomy in one case.
      All of the cases undergoing operation showed no post-operative complication or
      recurrence of the tuberculosis. The results of our present series of tuberculous
      bronchial stricture indicate the need for early detection and operation. For the
      cases with main bronchus involvement, bronchoplastic surgery should be selected
      as an alternative to pneumonectomy to preserve the pulmonary function.

PMID- 3376087
TI  - Thoraco-abdominal injuries in combat casualties on the Cambodian border.
AB  - This article deals with the experience in the management of combined thoraric and
      abdominal injuries caused by combat casualties, and is based on experience gained
      in the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) hospital in Khao-I-Dang,
      Thailand. During a 3 month period a total of 123 patients injured by various
      battle conditions at the Thailand-Cambodian border were admitted to the ICRC
      hospital. The thorax was involved in 31 patients, but only 8 of these had a
      combination of thoracic and intra-abdominal lesions. Although many of the
      facilities and surgical instruments normally available in modern Western
      hospitals to deal with seriously injured patients were unavailable to us in field
      hospital conditions, our series shows that satisfactory results could be obtained
      even under such stressful and rudimentary conditions.

PMID- 3376088
TI  - Accessory valve cusp as a cause of outflow tract obstruction in atrio-ventricular
      and ventriculo-arterial discordance.
AB  - Congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries in which there is both
      an atrio-ventricular and a ventriculo-arterial discordance has surgical
      significance only in consequence of the associated cardiac anomalies. Their
      surgical correction is subject to multifarious problems. An exceedingly rare
      cause of a left-ventricular outflow tract obstruction erroneously interpreted
      preoperatively in an eight-year-old boy is reported. In an l-transposition with
      inversion of both ventricles, the diagnosis "valvular pulmonary stenosis" was
      made preoperatively. However, a normally arranged tricuspid pulmonary valve
      without stenosis was revealed intraoperatively. On the other hand, dystopic
      valvular tissue in the form of a monocuspid atrioventricular valve which was
      attached to an accessory papillary muscle with several tiny tendons was found
      below the pulmonary valve in the morphological left ventricle. The accessory
      valve cusp, which was the cause of the hemodynamically relevant subvalvular
      pulmonary stenosis, had no connection with the mitral valve. The abnormal valve
      cusp was resected without injuring the normal structures. The angiographic follow
      up after one year no longer revealed any pressure gradient. This case report
      points out the possibility of an outflow tract obstruction caused by a complete
      accesory valve cusp.

PMID- 3376089
TI  - Temporary intraluminal bypass for superior vena cava reconstruction after cancer
      invasion.
AB  - We report a case of right upper lobe bronchogenic cancer widely infiltrating the
      superior vena cava (SVC) in which right pneumonectomy was performed with partial
      resection of the SVC wall. The SVC was reconstructed by means of a pericardial
      patch; during reconstruction a temporary intraluminal bypass was set up to obtain
      a proper venous return to the right atrium.

PMID- 3376091
TI  - Late pericardial tamponade after aortic and mitral valve replacement.
AB  - A report is presented on a patient who developed a pericardial tamponade on the
      11th postoperative day after double valve replacement. Instead of classical signs
      of tamponade, however, the signs of posterior wall infarction were most
      prominent. The administration of nitrate resulted in deterioration of the
      circulatory situation, but the ST elevation in supraventricular tachycardia
      occurring from time to time regressed. As before the operation, coronary
      angiography showed normal conditions, and valve function was normal. The contrast
      medium imaging of the right ventricle suggested a compression from ventral, and
      the right ventricular and right atrial pressures corresponded to a tamponade
      situation: in rethoracotomy, a blood coagulum roughly the size of a fist was
      found ventral to the right ventricle. After clearing the hematoma, there was an
      immediate improvement of the circulatory situation, and the ECG alterations
      regressed. Enzyme alterations in terms of myocardial infarction did not occur. We
      explained the symptoms as follows: The coagulum compressed the outflow tract of
      the right ventricle and thus caused on the one hand the hemodynamic situation of
      tamponade and on the other hand an extreme vagotonia with consecutive bradycardia
      and ST elevation.

PMID- 3376090
TI  - Bullet in the interventricular septum: report of surgical removal in two cases.
AB  - We have had the opportunity of treating two patients who were wounded by gunshot
      bullets lodged in the interventricular septum (IVS). The first patient was
      treated by suture of the ventricle in another hospital. He was then directed to
      our institution where cineangiocardiography and echocardiogram revealed a bullet
      in the IVS close to the outlet of the left ventricle. The bullet was removed
      using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), through an incision in the right side of the
      septum. The patient's recovery was satisfactory, and he was asymptomatic in the
      18th postoperative month. In January 25th, 1987 we attended another patient hit
      by a firearm bullet. The X-Ray revealed a bullet in the cardiac area. The patient
      was submitted to a median sternotomy and an intraoperative echocardiogram was
      carried out, which showed that the bullet was located in the interventricular
      septum. With CPB the right atrium was opened up and the bullet was removed from
      the interventricular septum. The patient's evolution was also satisfactory. These
      reports demonstrate the importance of complete evaluation of patients with
      thoracic wounds and the feasibility of diagnosis and surgical removal of bullets
      from the interventricular septum.

PMID- 3376092
TI  - [Surgical treatment of multiple congenital thoracic aorta stenoses using a
      transpericardial aorto-aortic prosthesis bypass].

PMID- 3376094
TI  - [Sedation and analgesia in interventions].
AB  - Children with leukemia have to undergo many times painful procedures like bone
      marrow aspiration and lumbar puncture. For reduction of anxiety and pain
      sensation good psychological support can be an important help. Often sedative
      drugs are used, or even general anaesthesia may be necessary. There is a need of
      a safe, short-acting and effective medication. Among the different possibilities
      the intravenous or rectal administration of midazolam seems to be very promising.

PMID- 3376093
TI  - [Problems of differential diagnosis in children with acute leukemia].
AB  - In most cases, a diagnosis of acute leukemia is easily made. Some less frequently
      occurring signs and symptoms in children with acute leukemia are discussed, as
      well as some possibilities in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 3376095
TI  - [Current aspects of the prevention and treatment of infections during treatment
      with cytostatics].
AB  - Due to intensive cytostatic therapy of childhood leukemia there is a continuing
      improvement of treatment results. However the resulting immunosuppression
      increases the risk of (opportunistic) infections. Several measures for prevention
      and treatment are discussed e.g. oral care varicella vaccination, antimicrobial
      therapy.

PMID- 3376096
TI  - [Late sequelae of leukemia in childhood: psychosocial aspects].
AB  - As more children are now being cured of cancer, the physical and psychosocial
      consequences of cancer and its treatment become increasingly important issues for
      the pediatric cancer survivor. Information is accumulating on the sequelae of
      childhood cancer, especially on the medical side-effects of cancer treatment.
      Although considerably less information is available on the psychosocial
      adaptation of the long-term survivor, existing studies reveal that cancer
      survivors are at risk of developing adjustment problems. Until now no study has
      addressed the psychosocial functioning of the family of the long-term survivor.
      Preliminary results of our recent pilot study on this issue indicate that parents
      as well as siblings can experience ongoing problems in coping with the cancer
      experience.

PMID- 3376097
TI  - HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ polymorphisms in three South African population groups:
      South African Negroes, Cape Coloureds and South African Caucasoids.
AB  - The HLA class I and II phenotypes of the three population groups in the Cape
      Province of South Africa were determined. The HLA-A,B, and C antigens were tested
      in 1027 South African Negroes (Xhosa), 3716 Cape Coloureds and 1059 South African
      Caucasoids. This is the first study which has also included the class II antigens
      in the Southern African Negroes (Xhosa). The numbers tested for the DR and DQ
      antigens were smaller, as only typings done after the 8th Histocompatibility
      Workshop were included. A comparison was made between the frequencies in the
      Xhosa, the Cape Coloureds and the South African Caucasoids as well as the
      Nigerians, another group who also belong to the Bantu-speaking division of
      African Negroes and who were recently studied. The antigen, gene and haplotype
      frequencies were estimated in all three groups, and the genetic distances
      calculated. Striking differences in gene and haplotype frequencies between the
      various populations were seen. For example, Bw42 had a phenotype frequency of
      0.062 in the Cape Coloureds, 0.213 in the Xhosa and 0.004 in the South African
      Caucasoids. The Xhosa showed marked differences in HLA distribution compared to
      the other Negro group (Nigerians), which can be attributed to a Khoisan
      admixture, e.g. HLA-DR4 had a phenotype frequency of 0.134 in the Xhosa and only
      0.010 in the Nigerians. The haplotype B8,DR3, seen in association with many
      autoimmune diseases, had a significant delta value in all three populations.

PMID- 3376098
TI  - Distribution of HLA antigens in the native South Indian Tamil Hindus.
AB  - Blood samples from 240 unrelated healthy Tamil-speaking South Indian Hindus
      residing in Madras (capital city of Tamil Nadu, India) were screened for HLA-A
      and -B antigen profiles. Antigen, gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated
      and compared with the literature. Tamil Hindus lack A31, A32, Aw33, B16, B21 and
      Bw41. However, except for minor differences (low occurrence of Aw19 antigen), the
      South Indians show similarity to North Indian and other Indian groups. The data
      confirm once more that the haplotype A1-B17 is characteristic of Indians.

PMID- 3376099
TI  - Differential expression of HLA-D gene products in the normal and coeliac small
      bowel.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies to monomorphic determinants of the MHC class II region
      products, HLA-DR, DP and DQ were used to investigate their expression on cells of
      the normal and coeliac (both treated and untreated) small bowel. HLA-DR antigens
      showed a characteristic distribution in the normal small bowel: epithelial cells
      in the apical portions of the villi stained heavily, and this staining decreased
      in intensity towards the villous base. The crypt epithelial cells were clearly
      unstained. Stellate cells within the lamina propria were also HLA-DR positive.
      HLA-DP antigens showed a similar distribution, although the intensity of staining
      was less than that seen with HLA-DR. HLA-DQ antigens were absent from epithelial
      cells and were confined solely to cells within the lamina propria. In untreated
      coeliac disease, the intensities of both HLA-DR and HLA-DP were increased, and in
      addition a more extensive distribution of these antigens was observed. In
      addition to occurring on the surface epithelial cells, DR and DP antigens were
      now present on crypt epithelial cells. Despite this change in expression of DR
      and DP antigens, the distribution of HLA-DQ was essentially unaltered from that
      of the normal small bowel. The findings in treated coeliac disease were
      intermediate between those in the normal and untreated coeliac small bowel. The
      differential expression of class II antigens by normal and diseased small bowel
      epithelium which has been demonstrated may have implications for interactions of
      these cells with cells of the immune system.

PMID- 3376100
TI  - Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic carcinoma of non-polypoid type:
      histological patterns of longitudinal growth within the bronchus.
AB  - Microscopy of the serial block-sections of the entire bronchial tree of all the
      resected specimens of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic carcinoma revealed
      new findings with respect to the histological patterns of longitudinal growth
      within the bronchial wall. Twenty-seven lesions which were non-polypoid on gross
      appearance with longitudinal extension of 16 mm and above were classified into
      the following four categories. (A) In standard superficial extension, transmural
      invasion by carcinoma became shallower and the area involved on section became
      smaller gradually from the site of the origin of carcinoma to the proximal and
      distal ends. (B) In intraepithelial extension, carcinoma was confined within the
      epithelium throughout the bronchi involved except at and near the site of the
      origin at which it penetrated the basement membrane. (C) In lymphatic extension,
      carcinoma extended from the site of the origin to the proximal and distal ends in
      a dual pattern so that it extended longitudinally within the epithelium in
      parallel with an invasion into the lymphatic vessels in the lamina propria and
      submucosa. At the site of the origin carcinoma invaded down to the level of the
      submucosa or adventitia. (D) In massive extension, a massive invasion by
      carcinoma from the site of the origin to the proximal and distal ends, and a
      simultaneous invasion and destruction by carcinoma of the epithelium, basement
      membrane, lamina propria, submucosa, and of adventitia in places were
      demonstrated. There was no marked difference in bronchoscopic finding among (A),
      (B) and (C). The length of the lesion as estimated by histology was different
      from that observed at bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopic examination was not always
      successful in determining the line of resection precisely. Therefore it is
      indispensable to examine frozen sections and/or imprint specimens of the margin
      of resection.

PMID- 3376102
TI  - Human cytotrophoblastic antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against cytotrophoblast. Two different
      antigens, defined on cytotrophoblast but not on syncytiotrophoblast were
      designated ACT-1 and ACT-2, respectively. Chorionic villi were taken from normal
      early pregnancy and processed for immunization by two different procedures. ACT-1
      was demonstrated to be present in lung alveolar cells, endothelial mucosa of the
      jejunum, colon, ureter, urinary bladder and the fallopian tube, and endometrial
      gland of the pregnant uterus. On the other hand, ACT-2 was present in the
      endothelial mucosa of the stomach, endothelium of the renal vessel, and the
      decidua of the pregnant uterus. Although the monoclonal antibodies did not react
      with such established cell lines as Bewo, SCH, OVK-18, HHUA, MK-01, FL, BHK and
      P3 X 63Ag 8 . 653, they did react with some of the cell lines when the cell
      membrane was destroyed with Triton X-100. Each antibody, therefore, may recognize
      the antigen not on the cell membrane but in the cytoplasm. The antigens might be
      shed or may disappear in the process of differentiation from cytotrophoblast to
      syncytiotrophoblast.

PMID- 3376101
TI  - Walking cycle after stroke.
AB  - Temporal-distance parameters of gait, maximum walking speed, walking rate and
      stride length, were successively examined in 10 hemiparetic stroke patients for 8
      weeks after starting gait training. In patients with walking speed less than 20
      m/min i.e., walking rate less than 90 steps/min, the increase of walking speed
      was significantly related to that of walking rate and stride length. In patients
      with walking speed greater than 20 m/min, the increase of walking speed
      correlated only to that of stride length, indicating that a limiting factor of
      walking speed in hemiparetic patients was the decreased stride length.

PMID- 3376103
TI  - Effects of androgen on 17 beta-estradiol production by cultured human granulosa
      cells.
AB  - In order to determine whether androgen acts solely as a substrate for
      aromatization or whether it also influences on the activity of aromatase enzyme,
      human granulosa cells were incubated in vitro with or without androgen. Although
      basal production of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in cultured granulosa cells obtained
      from follicles about 26 hr after the initiation of the LH surge was restricted in
      small quantities, a marked increase in E2 production occurred in the presence of
      testosterone (T) (10(-6) M) as aromatizable substrate. The non-aromatizable
      androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M), slightly
      enhanced E2 production and it did not inhibit T aromatization in these cells. By
      contrast, DHT did not increase E2 production in granulosa cells obtained from
      follicles 2-5 days before the LH surge. The results indicate that androgen can
      enhance the estrogen biosynthesis of granulosa cells obtained from follicles
      during the LH surge not only by acting as a substrate for aromatization but also
      by participating in some process of the estrogen synthesis. This effect of
      androgen was not clearly seen in granulosa cells obtained before the LH surge,
      suggesting that the response of granulosa cells to exogenous androgen varies with
      the stage of the cell differentiation.

PMID- 3376104
TI  - Blood vascular organization of the human appendix: a scanning electron
      microscopic study of corrosion casts.
AB  - Blood vascular beds of the human appendix were reproduced with a methacrylate
      casting medium and observed with a scanning electron microscope. The appendix
      received some small afferent arterial branches of the appendicular artery. These
      small arterial branches pierced the muscular layer and reached the submucosal
      plexus. Small arterioles arising from this plexus, climbed the mucosa and formed
      honeycomb-like capillary meshes at the luminal surface level. These capillaries
      were drained by the collecting veins, which descended the mucosa and joined the
      submucosal plexus. The large efferent veins arising from the submucosal plexus
      passed through the muscular layer and continued with the appendicular vein. In
      the mucosal and submucosal layers, several spherical basket-like casts of the
      germinal center (lymphoid follicle) were seen. In the parafollicular region
      (primary follicle), casts of postcapillary venules with prominent surface
      undulations were relatively frequently observed.

PMID- 3376105
TI  - Ultrastructural abnormalities in the skeletal muscle of children with chronic
      cholestasis and a long-term vitamin E replacement.
AB  - We investigated the effects of long-term oral and intramuscular vitamin E
      repletion in children with chronic cholestasis. Clinical improvement or
      suppression of neuromuscular involvement after adequate vitamin E repletion was
      demonstrated. Light and electron microscopic abnormalities of the skeletal
      muscle, however, did not completely disappeared despite the correction of the
      biochemical abnormalities for more than 3 years. The muscle fibers showed less
      variety of pathologic features than before vitamin E repletion. Inclusions
      observed in the skeletal muscle fibers before vitamin E treatment were still
      observed in subsarcolemmal cytoplasm and the perinuclear regions. They were more
      irregularly curved and consisted of various substances. Similar inclusions were
      also observed in Schwann cells, perineural cells, fibroblasts, pericytes,
      endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of intramuscular vessels. Although the
      external lamina was not disrupted, separation of the external lamina from the
      plasma membrane and multilayered external lamina were often observed. The nerves
      among muscle fibers still showed degenerative features. Morphological changes of
      the skeletal muscle during vitamin E therapy have not so far been reported in
      cases of chronic cholestasis. We discuss the relationship of these findings to
      vitamin E replacement in children with chronic cholestasis.

PMID- 3376106
TI  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese.
AB  - Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese were
      examined by the disc gel isoelectric focusing technique, which was modified
      according to the method of Kashyap et al. (1981). Apoprotein E isoproteins were
      clearly separated by this method. Six phenotypes (E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E2/3, E2/4
      and E3/4) were determined in 107 cases of normolipoproteinemia and 75 cases of
      hyperlipoproteinemia. In normolipoproteinemia, apoE phenotype frequencies were
      similar to those of the Japanese and Caucasian populations which were reported
      previously. In hyperlipoproteinemia, a higher frequency of phenotype E2/2 and a
      lower frequency of E3/3 were observed. The apo E phenotypes of type IIa and IIb
      were distributed similarly to that of normal subjects. In contrast, only 27.8% of
      type IV patients had E3/3 phenotype. Among type V patients 64.3% was homozygous
      or heterozygous for E-4, and only 14.3% was homozygous for E-3 (E3/3). The
      results suggest that the apolipoprotein E phenotypes are similarly distributed
      among different human races and the apolipoprotein E phenotypes could be one of
      the etiological factors associated with some types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3376107
TI  - Kinetics of mixed venous oxygen tension during rhythmic contraction of the
      hindlimb of dogs.
AB  - Change in mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) during transition from rest to
      exercise induced by rhythmic contractions of the hindlimb of dogs was
      continuously monitored using intravascular oxygen electrodes. The rapid fall in
      PVO2, on the average 9.5 sec after the onset of rhythmic contraction, was found.
      The time course of change in PVO2 was not altered by ligation of the splenic
      artery and vein. Oxygen tension of venous blood in the superior vena cava and the
      inferior vena cava was monitored in order to elucidate the mechanism of rapid
      fall in PVO2 following induced exercise. Oxygen tension of venous blood in the
      superior vena cava did not fall at the onset of contraction. Oxygen tension of
      venous blood in the distal and proximal end of the inferior vena cava began to
      fall at 4.4 sec and at 6.9 sec after the onset of contraction on the average,
      respectively. There was no significant difference between the hematocrit of mixed
      venous blood at rest and after 15 sec of exercise. These findings suggest that
      the rapid fall of PVO2 results from a surge of low oxygenated blood from the
      exercising hindlimb and that this change in blood gas tensions possibly reaches
      the lung within 10 sec after the onset of exercise.

PMID- 3376108
TI  - Uptake and distribution of 14C during and following exposure to [14C]methyl
      isocyanate.
AB  - Guinea pigs were exposed to [14C]methyl isocyanate (14CH3-NCO, 14C MIC) for
      periods of 1 to 6 hr at concentrations of 0.5 to 15 ppm. Arterial blood samples
      taken during exposure revealed immediate and rapid uptake of 14C. Clearance of
      14C was then gradual over a period of 3 days. Similarly 14C was present in urine
      and bile immediately following exposure, and clearance paralleled that observed
      in blood. Guinea pigs fitted with a tracheal cannula and exposed while under
      anesthesia showed a reduced 14C uptake in blood indicating that most of the 14C
      MIC uptake in normal guinea pigs occurred from retention of this agent in the
      upper respiratory tract passages. In exposed guinea pigs 14C was distributed to
      all examined tissues. In pregnant female mice similarly exposed to 14C MIC, 14C
      was observed in all tissues examined following exposure including the uterus,
      placenta, and fetus. While the form of 14C distributed in blood and tissues has
      not yet been identified, these findings may help to explain the toxicity of MIC
      or MIC reaction products on organs other than the respiratory tract, as noted by
      several investigators.

PMID- 3376109
TI  - Nephrotoxicity of uranyl fluoride in uninephrectomized and sham-operated rats.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine whether the nephrotoxicity of the
      uranium-containing compound uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) is enhanced after unilateral
      nephrectomy. Unilaterally nephrectomized (NPX) and sham-operated (SO) rats were
      given single intravenous injections of UO2F2 at doses delivering 100 or 250
      micrograms U/kg 16 days after surgery. Between the second and third day after the
      administration of either dose of UO2F2, the urinary excretion of the cellular
      enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the
      plasma solute albumin began to increase significantly in both the NPX and SO
      rats. The urinary excretion of the plasma solute glucose did not begin to
      increase significantly in the NPX and SO rats until 4 days after the
      administration of either dose of UO2F2. During the fifth day following the
      administration of either dose of UO2F2 (which was also the last day that urinary
      data were collected) the urinary excretion of LDH, AST, and glucose in the NPX
      and SO rats was greater than that during any previous day. The urinary excretion
      of these three compounds during this fifth day was greater in the SO rats than in
      the NPX rats. Also during the fifth day following the injection of either dose of
      UO2F2, the fractional excretion of glucose was higher in the SO rats than in the
      NPX rats. By the end of the fifth day, the level of histologically demonstrable
      cellular necrosis in the pars recta of proximal tubules in the renal cortex and
      outer medulla of the NPX and SO rats was statistically similar. Therefore, the
      nephropathy in rats induced by UO2F2 is not made more severe as a result of
      unilateral nephrectomy.

PMID- 3376110
TI  - Differences in the metabolism and disposition of inhaled [3H]benzene by F344/N
      rats and B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Benzene is a potent hematotoxin and has been shown to cause leukemia in man.
      Chronic toxicity studies indicate that B6C3F1 mice are more susceptible than
      F334/N rats to benzene toxicity. The purpose of the studies presented in this
      paper was to determine if there were metabolic differences between F344/N rats
      and B6C3F1 mice which might be responsible for this increased susceptibility.
      Metabolites of benzene in blood, liver, lung, and bone marrow were measured
      during and following a 6-hr 50 ppm exposure to benzene vapor. Hydroquinone
      glucuronide, hydroquinone, and muconic acid, which reflect pathways leading to
      potential toxic metabolites of benzene, were present in much greater
      concentrations in the mouse than in rat tissues. Phenylsulfate, a detoxified
      metabolite, and an unknown water-soluble metabolite were present in approximately
      equal concentrations in these two species. These results indicate that the
      proportion of benzene metabolized via pathways leading to the formation of
      potentially toxic metabolites as opposed to detoxification pathways was much
      higher in B6C3F1 mice than in F344 rats, which may explain the higher
      susceptibility of mice to benzene-induced hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity.

PMID- 3376111
TI  - Metabolism of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether in the adult male rat: evaluation of the
      principal metabolite as a testicular toxicant.
AB  - The metabolism of the reproductive toxicant bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether was studied
      in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and the principal metabolite (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic
      acid and its metabolic precursor 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol were evaluated
      separately as testicular toxicants. For the metabolism study, rats were given
      single po doses of [1,2-ethylene-14C]bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether at 5.1 or 0.051
      mmol/kg body wt. Within 96 hr, approximately 86 to 90% of the radioactivity was
      excreted in the urine. Urinary metabolites were separated by high-performance
      liquid chromatography and isolated for characterization by gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry. The principal urinary metabolite, accounting for 67.9 +/- 3.3%
      of the administered high dose and 70.3 +/- 1.3% of the low dose, was identified
      as (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid. A second metabolite, representing 6.2 +/- 0.8%
      of the high dose and 5.8 +/- 0.8% of the low dose, was identified as
      methoxyacetic acid, a previously recognized testicular toxicant. In the toxicity
      study, (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid and 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol were
      administered to rats at 5.1 mmol/kg body wt by gavage as single daily doses for
      as many as 20 consecutive days. The testes of rats killed 24 hr after the
      administration of even numbered doses showed no gross or microscopic
      abnormalities. These results are in contrast to the previously reported
      testicular atrophy evoked after as few as 8 daily doses of the parent compound,
      bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, tested under the same experimental conditions. Thus,
      the testicular toxicity reported for bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether could be explained
      by the presence of a minor metabolite, methoxyacetic acid.

PMID- 3376112
TI  - Metabolism of T-2 toxin in vascularly autoperfused jejunal loops of rats.
AB  - The intestinal metabolism of T-2 toxin, a major trichothecene mycotoxin, was
      investigated in rats using the method of the vascularly autoperfused jejunal loop
      in situ. Tritium-labeled T-2 toxin was injected into the tied-off intestinal
      segments at a dose of 5 or 500 nmol, respectively. T-2 toxin and its metabolites
      in the blood draining from the jejunal loops, in the intestinal lumen, and in the
      intestinal tissue were determined by HPLC and GLC-MS. There was an extensive
      metabolic degradation of T-2 toxin, the metabolite pattern being similar for the
      two dosage levels. During the experimental period of 50 min only some 2% of the
      total dose appeared in the effluent plasma as unchanged T-2 toxin. Likewise at
      the end of the experiments unchanged T-2 toxin in the intestinal lumen and tissue
      was present in minute amounts only (less than 1% of the dose). HT-2 toxin was the
      main metabolite. About 25% of the total radioactivity administered appeared in
      the effluent plasma as HT-2 toxin, 18% in the lumen and 10% in the tissue. 3'-OH
      HT-2 toxin accounted for 4-7% (effluent plasma), 5% (lumen), and 2% (tissue) of
      the total dose. Furthermore small amounts (less than 2% of the dose) of 3'-OH-T-2
      toxin, T-2 tetraol, and 4-deacetylneosolaniol were found. No glucuronide or
      sulfate conjugates could be detected. In the jejunal segments which had been
      exposed to the 5-nmol dose only minimal morphological alterations were observed.
      On the other hand, in jejunal segments exposed to the high dose marked tissue
      damage was present. Nevertheless the gut tissue retained its ability to
      metabolize T-2 toxin. From the present results it is concluded that T-2 toxin is
      subject to a marked presystemic first pass effect after oral ingestion in vivo.

PMID- 3376113
TI  - Induction of strand breaks in DNA by trichloroethylene and metabolites in rat and
      mouse liver in vivo.
AB  - The ability of trichloroethylene (TCE) and selected metabolites to induce single
      strand breaks in hepatic DNA of male B6C3F1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo
      was evaluated using an alkaline unwinding assay. Doses of TCE of 22-30 mmol/kg
      were required to produce strand breaks in DNA in rats, whereas a dose of 11.4
      mmol/kg was sufficient to increase the rate of alkaline unwinding in mice. To
      assess the importance of TCE metabolism to this response, rats were subjected to
      pretreatments of ethanol, phenobarbital, TCE, or the appropriate vehicle for 4
      days prior to challenge doses of TCE. Phenobarbital and TCE, but not ethanol
      pretreatments, reduced the dose of TCE required to produce significant increases
      in single-strand breaks. In another series of experiments, mice and rats were
      treated with metabolites of TCE. Trichloroacetate, dichloroacetate, and chloral
      hydrate induced strand breaks in hepatic DNA in a dose-dependent manner in both
      species. Strand breaks in DNA were observed at doses that produced no observable
      hepatotoxic effects as measured by serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine
      aminotransferase levels. The slopes of the dose-response curves and the order of
      potency of these metabolites differed significantly between rats and mice,
      suggesting that different mechanisms of single-strand break induction may be
      involved in the two species. These data provide a potential explanation for the
      different sensitivity of mice and rats to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of TCE.

PMID- 3376114
TI  - Effect of alteration of nerve terminal Ca2+ regulation on increased spontaneous
      quantal release of acetylcholine by methyl mercury.
AB  - Agents known to disrupt intraterminal Ca2+ buffering, N,N-dimethylamino-8-octyl
      3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), 25 microM; caffeine, 7.5 mM; N,N-bis(3,4
      dimethoxyphenethyl)-N-methylamine (YS035), 180 microM; ouabain, 200 microM; and
      dantrolene, 50 microM, were tested for the ability to alter effects of methyl
      mercury (MeHg) on spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the rat
      neuromuscular junction. In particular, we sought to determine whether any of the
      above agents could prevent the MeHg-induced increase of spontaneous release of
      ACh, an effect measured electrophysiologically as increased frequency of
      miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs). MEPPs were recorded continuously from
      myofibers of the rat hemidiaphragm using conventional, intracellular recording
      techniques during pretreatment with an inhibitor of Ca2+ regulation and
      subsequently with the inhibitor plus MeHg (100 microM). When given alone,
      caffeine and ouabain, which release Ca2+ from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      and mitochondria, respectively, increased MEPP frequency in a biphasic manner.
      Following pretreatment, concomitant application of MeHg with caffeine or ouabain
      increased MEPP frequency after a brief latent period to peak values of 53 and 92
      Hz, respectively. TMB-8 and dantrolene, putative inhibitors of Ca2+ release from
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum, differed in their effects on MEPP frequency; TMB-8
      alone decreased MEPP frequency to approximately 10% of drug-free control, whereas
      dantrolene did not significantly alter control MEPP frequency. Subsequent
      concomitant application of MeHg with TMB-8 or dantrolene increased MEPP frequency
      to peak values of 40 and 100 Hz after 17 and 30 min, respectively. YS035, a
      putative inhibitor of mitochondrial uptake and release of Ca2+, decreased MEPP
      frequency to less than 10% of control after 15 min when given alone. Application
      of MeHg following YS035 pretreatment failed to increase MEPP frequency for up to
      90 min. YS035 did not mask a MeHg effect by blocking postsynaptic sensitivity to
      ACh or preventing its release since subsequent treatment with La3+ (2 mM) after
      YS035 had abolished spontaneous release, increased MEPP frequency within 5 min.
      Thus, of the five inhibitors of nerve terminal Ca2+ regulation tested, only YS035
      prevented the stimulatory action of MeHg on MEPP frequency. Results of the
      present study suggest that release of Ca2+ from nerve terminal mitochondria
      contributes to the increased MEPP frequency caused by MeHg while release of Ca2+
      from smooth endoplasmic reticulum may not.

PMID- 3376116
TI  - The rate of 2,5-hexanedione intoxication, not total dose, determines the extent
      of testicular injury and altered microtubule assembly in the rat.
AB  - Charles River CD rats (220 g) were intoxicated with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25% 2,5
      hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the drinking water for a total of 21, 35, or 69 days,
      respectively. All rats received a total dose of 131 +/- 2 mmol/kg 2,5-HD at dose
      rates ranging from 1.9 to 6.1 mmol/kg/day. Rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after
      ending intoxication to evaluate the extent of testicular injury. An exposure rate
      of 6.1 mmol 2,5-HD/kg/day produced uniformally low testis weights (49% of
      control) and severe germ cell depletion, while exposure at 1.9 mmol/kg/day gave
      normal testis weights and histology. Exposure at the intermediate dose rate of
      3.8 mmol 2,5-HD/kg/day produced an intermediate degree of testicular injury. In a
      separate experiment, testis pyrrole content and microtubule assembly behavior
      were measured in rats exposed to 2,5-HD at the various dose rates for 3 weeks.
      The rate of intoxication determined the extent of biochemical abnormality. Rats
      exposed to 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25% 2,5-HD had microtubule nucleation times 55, 63, and
      72% of control and pyrrole contents equivalent to 2.14, 1.40, and 1.18 nmol 2,5
      dimethylpyrrole/mg testis protein. These data demonstrate that 2,5-HD-induced
      testicular injury, unlike the nervous system toxicity, is dependent upon the rate
      of intoxication independent of total dose.

PMID- 3376115
TI  - Effects of methyl mercury on the microtubule system of mouse lymphocytes.
AB  - The effects of in vivo and in vitro methyl mercury (MeHg) treatments on the
      microtubule system of murine splenic lymphocytes were examined by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. In vitro exposures to 1 to 10 microM MeHg resulted
      in time- and concentration-dependent microtubule disassembly. Lymphocytes
      isolated from mice receiving a single 10 mg/kg injection displayed microtubule
      damage when examined 2 and 5 days post-treatment. The capacity of in vivo and in
      vitro treated lymphocytes to respond to the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) was
      generally inhibited by MeHg. There was a good correlation between the degree of
      microtubule disassembly and the inhibition of mitogen responsiveness. In vivo and
      in vitro treatments that resulted in extensive microtubule damage suppressed the
      ConA response and blocked lymphocytes early in the stimulation sequence. In vitro
      MeHg treatment late in mitogenesis caused a rapid, concentration-dependent
      inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. These results suggest that damage to
      the microtubule system can serve as an indicator of MeHg toxicity and may
      underlie the toxicant's effects on lymphocyte functions.

PMID- 3376117
TI  - 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol intestinal and bone marrow toxicity: the role of its
      metabolism to 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde and trifluoroacetic acid.
AB  - 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) produces bone marrow and small intestine toxicity
      resulting in leukopenia, loss of intestinal dry weight, and consequent lethal
      septicemia in male Wistar rats. Its metabolic pathway, based on serum and small
      intestine time courses of substrate and metabolites, was determined to be TFE in
      equilibrium 2,2,2-trifluoroacetaldehyde (TFAld)----trifluoroacetic acid (TFAA).
      Administered TFE and TFAld were not toxic per se, since their toxicity and
      metabolism were inhibited by pyrazole. TFE and TFAld were equipotent at equimolar
      doses thus precluding the oxidative reaction, TFE to TFAld, from being the toxic
      step. Since equimolar TFAA exhibited no toxic effects, an oxidative intermediate
      on the pathway from TFAld to TFAA, most likely F3C-C+(OH)2, must thus be the
      toxic moiety. The intermediate TFAld is stable in serum, as determined by a novel
      assay developed for its analysis in biological systems, and can be transported to
      the target tissues, bone marrow, and small intestine, after formation probably in
      the liver. On the basis of the more rapid metabolism of TFE to higher levels of
      TFAld in the small intestine and bone marrow than in the serum, the closer
      correspondence of bone marrow and small intestine metabolite ratios than serum
      ratios at high and low doses of TFE to the corresponding ratios of toxicity, and
      the decreased toxicity of TFAld when administered ig versus ip, the formation of
      the toxic metabolic intermediate of TFE probably occurs in the target tissues.

PMID- 3376118
TI  - In vitro percutaneous absorption in mouse skin: influence of skin appendages.
AB  - Skin appendages are often envisaged as channels that bypass the stratum corneum
      barrier and are generally thought to facilitate the dermal absorption of topical
      agents. However, the significance of this transappendageal pathway in
      percutaneous absorption remains to be assessed experimentally. With the use of a
      skin organ culture penetration chamber system, the influence of skin appendages
      on the in vitro permeation of topically applied benzo[a]pyrene and testosterone
      (5 micrograms/2 cm2) was examined in skin preparations from both haired and
      hairless mice. Haired mice examined included the C57BL6, C3H, DBA2, Balbc, and
      Sencar strains and the hairless mice were the HRS and SKH. In all mouse strains
      examined, the overall permeation of testosterone (greater than 65% of applied
      dose) 16 hr following in vitro topical application was greater than that of
      benzo[a]pyrene (less than 10%). No strain differences were observed with respect
      to the percutaneous permeation of testosterone; however, percutaneous permeation
      of benzo[a]pyrene in the haired mice (7-10% of applied dose) was higher than that
      in the hairless mice (2%). In an in-house derived mouse strain which showed three
      phenotypic variants due to hair densities, the permeability to both compounds was
      highest in the skin of the haired phenotype (testosterone 67%, benzo[a]pyrene
      7%), lowest in the hairless phenotype (35 and 1%, respectively) and intermediate
      in the fuzzy-haired animal (57 and 3%, respectively). Examination by fluorescence
      microscopy of cryosections of skin, prepared 1 hr after topical benzo[a]pyrene,
      showed areas of intense fluorescence deep within the nonfluorescing dermis of
      skin from the haired phenotype. These fluorescent areas were correlated with
      follicular ducts and sebaceous glands. In contrast, skin from the hairless
      phenotype showed no evidence of fluorescence in the dermis and intermediate was
      the fluorescence observed in the skin from the fuzzy-haired animal. These
      observations showed that transappendageal penetration could contribute
      significantly to the overall skin absorption of topical agents. They also suggest
      that regional distribution of skin appendages could influence the percutaneous
      fate of topically applied chemicals.

PMID- 3376119
TI  - First meeting of the International Neurotoxicology Association. Lunteren, The
      Netherlands, May 10-16, 1987. Proceedings. Part 1.

PMID- 3376120
TI  - Sciatic nerve neuropathy target esterase. Methods of assay, proximo-distal
      distribution and regeneration.
AB  - Some organophosphorus compounds (OP) induce a delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP)
      which is initiated by the phosphorylation of the so-called neuropathy target
      esterase (NTE). In this work some aspects of hen sciatic nerve NTE are studied.
      The assay method is reported and modifications are discussed and a combined
      method proposed. Proximo-distal distribution showed a significant difference from
      proximal (100 +/- 10%) to distal (69 +/- 9%) fragments, in accordance with
      reported data. The time course of in vivo regeneration after a single TOCP dose
      (200 mg/kg, post oral) showed some differences when compared with hen brain NTE.
      Sciatic nerve NTE showed a delay of 2-3 days before regeneration but then
      regenerated faster (74% activity at day 7) than brain NTE (50% activity at day
      7). A slower rate of regeneration of distal than proximal segments has been
      suggested to explain higher sensitivity of distal segments [3], however in this
      work no significant differences were observed in the rate of regeneration when
      comparing proximal and distal fragments.

PMID- 3376121
TI  - Toluene induces changes in the morphology of astroglia and neurons in striatal
      primary cell cultures.
AB  - Toluene (4.7-150) mumol per ml) was added for 30 or 60 min to astroglial and
      neuronal primary cell cultures from rat striatum and changes in cell morphology
      were analyzed by light microscopy. After 60 min incubation in 40 mumol
      toluene/ml, the cell bodies of the astrocytes appeared contracted, and their
      processes and nuclei were clearly visible. At higher doses of toluene the
      astrocytes seemed to be flattened and major cell damage was visualized by the
      uptake of vital dyes. The neurons, however, became affected and judged by
      morphological criteria only at the higher toluene doses. In conclusion, toluene
      induced morphological changes in primary astrocyte cultures and also in primary
      neuronal cultures at higher toluene concentrations.

PMID- 3376122
TI  - Brain acetylcholinesterase after parathion poisoning: a comparative quantitative
      histochemical analysis post-mortem.
AB  - The regional distribution of AChE inhibition by parathion in the human brain was
      examined in a comparative study of the brains of 2 victims of lethal parathion
      intoxication and 2 control brains matched for age and sex. AChE activity in
      discrete brain regions was studied by quantitative histochemistry of 40 microns
      thick sagittal or coronal cryostat sections from the 4 brains. The inhibition of
      human brain AChE by parathion is regionally selective. The biggest decreases were
      observed in the cerebellum, some thalamic nuclei and cortex. Only a moderate
      decrease (10-30%) was observed in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia, while
      no effect at all was seen in white matter regions. Detailed knowledge of the
      brain regions affected by parathion poisoning may explain some of the clinical
      manifestations of organophosphate poisoning.

PMID- 3376123
TI  - The pattern of pyridoxine-induced lesion: difference between the high and the low
      toxic level.
AB  - A fundamental prerequisite for the design of neurotoxicological safety studies is
      the determination of the target areas in the nervous system which are specific
      for particular kinds of toxicants. The target areas should be identified in
      special "lesion-pattern-finding" experiments. The pyridoxine-induced lesion is a
      prototype of the pattern characteristic of a peripheral, primary sensory
      neuropathy. Depending on the conditions of treatment such as the dosage level and
      the timing of examination, the structural changes may be more obvious either in
      the proximal or the distal portion of the neuron, while the functional signs may
      vary from severe sensory paralysis to quite unremarkable behavior.

PMID- 3376124
TI  - Intracellular calcium as an index of neurotoxic damage.
AB  - The availability of techniques that allow the quantitation of levels of ionized
      calcium within intact cells and synaptosomes, allows a new approach to
      understanding the events underlying neurotoxicity. By use of various
      pharmacological agents, it is possible to dissect out vulnerable loci within the
      cell that account for the increases in cytosolic calcium which accompany many
      neurotoxic events. The relation between calcium and cell death can now be more
      concisely addressed. This article gives examples of the types of questions that
      this new methodology can resolve.

PMID- 3376125
TI  - Lead stimulates Golgi sialyltransferase at times coincident with the embryonic to
      adult conversion of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM).
AB  - The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is believed to be intimately involved in
      the structuring of the central nervous system. During post-natal development the
      molecule exists in 2 forms--a sialic acid-rich form which is preferentially
      expressed during cell acquisition and fibre outgrowth and a sialic acid-poor form
      which appears at times coincident with synaptogenesis. The developmental changes
      between these 2 forms have been demonstrated to be impaired by chronic low-level
      lead exposure and this is consistent with the reduced synaptic elaboration
      associated with this action. Here is described the effect of lead on the Golgi
      associated sialyltransferase which regulates N-CAM sialylation state. Lead
      chloride was found to markedly stimulate sialyltransferase with an ED50 of 5 X
      10(-7) M in adult Golgi fractions. This was not observed in fractions derived
      from 12-day old animals. At the concentration of 5 X 10(-5) M lead was found to
      have a differential effect on the developmental expression of this enzyme. During
      the early phases of development (days 4-16) sialyltransferase activity was
      inhibited. However, in coincidence with periods of N-CAM desialylation (days 16
      30), it was significantly stimulated. These findings are related to the
      perturbations of N-CAM function during chronic low-level lead exposure.

PMID- 3376126
TI  - Brain dopamine as a target for solvent toxicity: effects of some monocyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - Adult male rabbits were exposed to toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene,
      vinyltoluene or were dosed with hippuric, methylhippuric, mandelic,
      phenylglyoxylic, and 7-methyl-mandelic acids. Styrene, vinyltoluene and
      ethylbenzene caused a marked depletion of striatal and tubero-infundibular
      dopamine. Such an effect was also caused by treatment with mandelic and
      phenylglyoxylic acids. These results indicate that dopamine is a target for some
      solvents of their metabolites, the presence of a lateral vinyl- or ethyl-chain
      which may be biotransformed into alpha-keto acids being crucial for the effect.
      Experiments in vitro suggest that dopamine condenses non-enzymatically with
      reactive carbonylic groups of such and other alpha-keto acids, thus becoming
      ineffective as neurotransmitter. This mechanism might account for the
      neurobehavioral and neuroendocrine changes which have been reported in workers
      occupationally exposed to styrene and to some solvent mixtures.

PMID- 3376127
TI  - The toxic effect of an AChE-inhibitor on the cholinergic nervous system in airway
      smooth muscle.
AB  - Excessive cholinergic stimulation of presynaptic muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors, due to complete inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by O-(1,2,2
      trimethylpropyl)-methyl-phosphonofluoridate (soman), reduced the release of
      acetylcholine (ACh) from cholinergic nerves in rat bronchi by almost 25%.
      Furthermore, long-term (40 h) exposure by inhalation of soman (0.45-0.63 mg/m3)
      reduced the contraction of bronchi induced by ACh by approximately 70%. This is
      probably due to reduction of the number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors,
      since there was a reduction in the binding capacity (Bmax) of [3H]QNB by 40%,
      without any changes in the dissociation constant (Kd).

PMID- 3376128
TI  - Low non-neuropathic tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) doses inhibit neuropathy target
      esterase near the neuropathic threshold in n-hexane pretreated hens.
AB  - Simultaneous intoxication with hexacarbon solvents and organophosphorus compounds
      has been considered a possible critical factor in some occupational neuropathies
      and their interactions proved to cause potentiation effects in hens [1-3]. A high
      degree of inhibition of neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is needed to develop
      organophosphorus induced polyneuropathy (OPIDP). In this work, the inhibition of
      NTE, BuChE and AChE by TOCP on control and n-hexane pretreated (7-15 days, 300
      mg/kg per day) hens is studied. Using a single TOCP dose of 200 mg/kg, n-hexane
      pretreated hens showed synergistic effects, but no significant differences were
      observed in the inhibition of cholinesterases and NTE in brain or spinal cord.
      With lower TOCP dose (20 mg/kg) statistically significant differences were
      observed, which were not drastic but could be important because they involved an
      increase of inhibition up to critical threshold values (from 40-50% to 60-70%
      inhibition). However, no clinical effects were observed in these animals.
      Possible mechanisms of neurotoxic interaction are discussed.

PMID- 3376129
TI  - Vagal tone monitoring: a potential indicator of anti-cholinesterase exposure in
      Macaca mulatta.
AB  - A vagal tone monitor (VTM) was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm changes in Rhesus
      monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after intramuscular (i.m.) administration of an anti
      cholinergic (atropine sulfate), two carbamates (pyridostigmine bromide and
      physostigmine salicylate), and combinations of pyridostigmine and atropine.
      Twelve monkeys were studied in 4 experiments using Latin Square blind designs.
      Experiment I tested the VTM responses to atropine sulfate injections of 0, 14, 44
      and 140 micrograms/kg. Experiment II tested the responses to 0, 100, 200 and 400
      micrograms/kg pyridostigmine injections. Experiment III tested the responses to
      physostigmine injections of 0, 25, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg. Experiment IV tested
      the same atropine sulfate treatments as Experiment I 30 min after a
      pyridostigmine pretreatment of 200 micrograms/kg. The VTM analysis produced an
      estimate of vagal tone (V) every 30 s, and V was averaged over 15 min. The
      results indicated that V responded more to physostigmine and atropine than
      pyridostigmine. There was also an attenuated response to atropine following
      pyridostigmine pretreatment. The attenuated response had been demonstrated
      earlier in organophosphate (OP) treated dogs. The results suggest that V may be
      used as a non-invasive indicator of cholinergic drug effects.

PMID- 3376130
TI  - Changes in plasma corticosterone and catecholamine contents induced by low doses
      of deltamethrin in rats.
AB  - The effects of low doses of (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R)-cis-3-(2,2
      dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (Roussel UCLAF, Paris, France),
      (deltamethrin) upon sympathetic-adrenomedullary and pituitary-adrenocortical
      activity were investigated in rats by measuring plasma noradrenaline (NA),
      adrenaline (A) and corticosterone (CS) concentrations. Blood was sampled from
      freely-moving animals provided with heart catheters at short intervals up to 60
      min after intravenous administration of deltamethrin (0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mg/kg)
      or vehicle. Behavioral activity was recorded shortly after the sampling times.
      Time course and magnitude of the biochemical changes were compared with the
      effects of exposure to uncontrollable white noise in a similar sampling and
      recording procedure. Dose-dependent increases were observed for NA and A as well
      as for CS contents. The dose-response relations however, were different among the
      neuro-edocrine respondents. Discrete step-wise increases were observed for plasma
      CS only, indicating greater sensitivity for neurotoxical actions. Already at a
      dose of 0.15 mg/kg of deltamethrin, CS contents rose to values that were
      considerably higher than those found during noise exposure. In contrast, plasma
      CA concentrations increased to noise stress values only after the 0.45 mg/kg
      dose. The behavioral activity pattern appeared to resemble both CA patterns. The
      results suggest that rather low doses of deltamethrin elicit vigorous autonomic
      and neuro-endocrine responses that indicate high levels of stress, presumably
      caused by the neurotoxic effect of the insecticide.

PMID- 3376131
TI  - Effects of pyrethroids on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat.
AB  - The effects of NAK 1901 (Pentafluorbenzyl (1R, cis)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2
      dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylate) and cypermethrin ((S,R)-alpha-cyano-3
      phenoxybenzyl-2,2-dimethyl (1R, 1S, cis, trans)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)
      cyclopropane-carboxylate) (RU 24 501) on amplitude and prepulse inhibition of the
      acoustic startle reflex were studied in male Wistar rats. NAK 1901 (0, 1, 2.5, 4
      mg/kg p.o.) enhanced the amplitude of the startle reflex in a dose-dependent way.
      Startle latency was not affected. Cypermethrin (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg p.o.) had no
      effect on the amplitude or the latency of the startle reflex. Both NAK 1901 and
      cypermethrin administration produced a dose-dependent increase in toxic signs and
      a dose-dependent increase in weight loss during the experimental session. None of
      the pyrethroids affected prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Because the
      neural substrate of the inhibitory processes involved in prepulse inhibition are
      probably of supraspinal origin, it is suggested that these substrates are not
      affected by pyrethroids.

PMID- 3376132
TI  - Neurological examination, computerized tomography, cerebral blood flow and
      neuropsychological examination in workers with long-term exposure to carbon
      disulfide.
AB  - Sixteen males, formerly exposed to carbon disulfide (CS2) for at least 10 years
      (mean 20 years), were administered a neurological examination, cerebral
      computerized tomography (CT), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) examination and
      neuropsychological examination. The clinical neurological examination revealed
      abnormalities in 15; cerebral CT showed signs of atrophy in 13; and
      neuropsychological examination indicated brain organic changes in 13. With the
      rCBF examination, slight abnormalities were found in 8. The findings indicate
      that long-term exposure to CS2 involves a risk of developing toxic
      encephalopathy, demonstrable on both neurological and neuropsychological
      examination. Furthermore, structural changes in the brain may be demonstrable by
      cerebral CT.

PMID- 3376133
TI  - Neurotoxicity associated with deferoxamine therapy.
AB  - We have documented visual and auditory neurotoxicity in 42 of 89 patients with
      transfusion-dependent anemia who were receiving iron chelation therapy with
      subcutaneous deferoxamine (DFO). Of the affected groups, 13 presented with visual
      loss or deafness or both, and ophthalmologic, audiologic, and visual evoked
      potential studies (VEPs) uncovered abnormalities in 29 more. Four patients with
      visual loss had optic neuropathy with a marked decrease in acuity and loss of
      color vision. These 4, and 16 other asymptomatic patients, had abnormal VEPs.
      When DFO was stopped, 3 of 4 with visual problems regained normal visual function
      but VEPs remained abnormal. Of the other 16 with abnormal VEPs, 9 became normal
      or improved and 7 did not change; on restarting DFO, the 9 became abnormal again.
      There were 22 abnormal audiograms that showed a high-frequency sensorineural
      deficit; 13 patients were symptomatic and 4 needed hearing aids. On stopping DFO,
      9 became asymptomatic but 15 audiograms remained abnormal and 2 deteriorated
      further on restarting the drug. An analysis of the clinical data showed that
      members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and
      were self-administering higher doses of DFO/kg body weight. Significantly lower
      doses of DFO were being taken by patients without abnormalities than by those
      with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged VEPs (P less than 0.001,
      less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose
      DFO as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the neurotoxicity. Our serial
      studies provide the basis for effective yet safe DFO administration for patients
      who require the agent.

PMID- 3376135
TI  - A discriminant analysis of neuropsychological effect of low lead exposure.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of psychological tests
      in discriminating neuropsychological effects of low lead exposure. The sample
      consists of 49 workers occupationally exposed to lead and a control group of 36
      non-exposed workers. Their performance on various neuropsychological measures was
      subject to a discriminant analysis using the SPSS DISCRIMINANT subprogramme. The
      results indicate that simple reaction time, Digit Symbol (WAIS) and Trail-Making
      Test (Part A) provide the best combination of tests for the detection of
      neurotoxic effect of low lead exposure.

PMID- 3376134
TI  - The effects of lead in laboratory animals and environmentally-exposed children.
AB  - Consistent association has been found in 4 independent studies between disruption
      of visual-motor integration and reaction performance and markers of lead exposure
      (blood, teeth) in children, but not for intelligence deficit; blood-lead levels
      were typically below 30 micrograms/dl in these children. In order to demonstrate
      the persistent nature of Pb-induced neurobehavioral deficit experimentally rats
      were studied after cessation of dietary Pb-exposure in a variety of behavioral
      tasks. Persistent retention-deficit was found for visual discrimination-learning
      and for radical arm-maze performance.

PMID- 3376136
TI  - Ganglioside treatment of vincristine-induced neuropathy. An electrophysiologic
      study.
AB  - A 5-week treatment with vincristine (0.20 or 0.25 mg/kg, i.v., once/week) in the
      rabbit produced a peripheral neuropathy characterized by both morphologic and
      electrophysiologic alterations. In particular, electrophysiologic recordings
      demonstrated that the amplitude, area and conduction velocity of compound action
      potential (CAP) were consistently reduced in a dose-dependent manner. The
      simultaneous daily administration of 50 mg/kg ganglioside mixture counteracted
      significantly this functional impairment, area and amplitude of the monophasic
      CAP being maintained closer to control values. These results suggest that the
      loss of functional nerve fibers can be reduced, in vincristine-induced
      neuropathy, by ganglioside treatment.

PMID- 3376138
TI  - Chromal focus of acquired chromatic discrimination loss and solvent exposure
      among printshop workers.
AB  - Acquired dyschromatopsia has been associated with exposure to organic solvents.
      However, the chromal focus of the loss may be indicative of its gravity.
      According to Kollner's rule, blue-yellow loss reflects changes in external
      retinal layers, while red-green loss appears to be indicative of internal retinal
      or optic nerve damage. The objective of the present study was to examine
      chromatic discrimination capacity of 30 printshop workers exposed to organic
      solvent mixtures, and of a non-exposed reference group. Colour vision was
      assessed with a colour arrangement test designed to detect acquired
      dyschromatopsia, the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel. Quantitative analysis,
      using Bowman's colour confusion index, revealed significantly higher scores
      indicative of colour vision loss among the exposed workers as compared to the non
      exposed. Analysis of covariance, with age as co-variate, showed colour confusion
      index to be significantly associated with job category. Similarly, qualitative
      analysis showed that the exposed workers presented a significantly higher
      prevalence of acquired dyschromatopsia as compared to the non-exposed group.
      However, analysis of the type of chromatic discrimination loss showed that among
      the nonexposed persons, dyschromatopsia was localized only in the blue-yellow
      range, while for 35% of the dyschromatopic-exposed persons, red-green loss as
      well as blue-yellow loss were present. Three-dimensional chi 2-analysis showed
      that the complex pattern of dyschromatopsia was not related to age, but to job
      category. These findings suggest that the type of dyschromatopsia, reflecting the
      gravity of neural alterations, may be a function of exposure level and/or the
      ophthalmotoxic properties of the particular solvents used.

PMID- 3376137
TI  - The effects of occupational exposure to styrene on high-frequency hearing
      thresholds.
AB  - Subchronic exposure to styrene has been reported to produce high-frequency
      hearing loss in rats. In humans, hearing thresholds for higher frequencies
      (greater than 8 kHz) are also more vulnerable to ototoxic drugs than those at
      lower frequencies. Since hearing loss at frequencies above 8 kHz does not seem to
      play a role in speech processing, hearing loss at frequencies above 8 kHz in
      workers exposed to styrene or other solvents might easily escape detection.
      Therefore, hearing thresholds were evaluated at frequencies up to 16 kHz in
      workers exposed to styrene and compared to those of a control group of unexposed
      workers. The airborne concentrations of styrene typically did not exceed 150
      mg/m3 although individual exposures did, at times, reach higher values (up to 700
      mg/m3). In accordance with the literature, an age-dependent increase in hearing
      thresholds at high frequencies was found. Compared to controls, workers exposed
      to styrene did not appear to demonstrate an aggravated age-dependent decrease in
      hearing high frequencies. A comparison, however, within the experimental group
      between the least exposed and the most exposed workers revealed a statistically
      significant difference on hearing thresholds at high frequencies.

PMID- 3376139
TI  - Occupational screening for neurotoxicity: computerized techniques.
AB  - Computer-administered testing systems for assessing the functional consequences
      of neurotoxicant exposure in the workplace have recently been developed. Mainly,
      they have been applied in laboratory studies of acute exposures, quasi
      experimental field studies of acute and sub-acute exposures, and cross-sectional
      epidemiologic investigations of chronic exposures. Some automated tests appear
      quite sensitive and reliable in these situations where group comparisons are
      made. However, testing methods suitable for the purpose of clinical evaluation
      are not yet well developed. Programs of neurobehavioral surveillance in industry
      are necessary to provide reference data for clinical, screening and epidemiologic
      purposes and to provide essential baseline data for individuals at risk.

PMID- 3376140
TI  - Validation of a radial maze test for assessing learning and memory in rats.
AB  - Choice behavior of rats in a radially symmetrical 6-arm maze, without food
      reward, was validated for assessing changes in learning and memory following
      treatment with 4 psychoactive agents. The test is designed for future use in
      routine toxicity studies with laboratory rodents. Each radial main arm of the
      maze leads to a T-shaped choice-point with a blind alley on the left and a long
      angled alley on the right. Order of choice of the radial main arms served to
      score within-session working memory, by evaluating relative recency of arm
      reentries. The choice between blind alley and long-angled alley at the T
      intersections provided a measure of between-session reference memory. Maze
      behavior as an indicator for impairment in learning and memory was validated by
      testing rats treated with d-amphetamine, chlorpromazine, scopolamine and
      physostigmine. Based on the above evaluations, working memory was found to be
      severely impaired by 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg scopolamine, and reference memory to be
      improved by 0.02 mg/kg physostigmine and 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine. Locomotor
      activity, in terms of the total number of arm choices per test session, was
      altered by all substances as expected from previous reports in the literature.
      The test appears to be a valid and sensitive method for assessing learning and
      memory in the rat without the use of food reward, and thus well suited for
      implementation in routine toxicity studies with rodents.

PMID- 3376141
TI  - Validation of a photobeam system for assessment of motor activity in rats.
AB  - To evaluate the validity and sensitivity of test procedures for routine
      assessment of chemically induced changes in motor activity in rats, studies were
      carried out with a commercially available photocell cage system. Testing of
      single, untreated rats showed that motor activity decreased within 10 min to a
      steady level. Overall activity was the same when testing was repeated at weekly
      intervals for 6 weeks. In groups of each 10 rats tested immediately after i.p.
      injection, chlorpromazine HCl (6 or 2 mg/kg) and physostigmine salicylate (0.5
      mg/kg) decreased activity. d-Amphetamine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg) caused an increase
      of virtually all parameters, whereas scopolamine HCl (1.0 mg/kg) and
      physostigmine salicylate (0.02 mg/kg) led to an increase of particular aspects of
      motor activity only. Data generated with a mechanical calibrator varied 1-5%
      between the cages tested. It is concluded that the above procedures of recording
      of selected parameters of motor activity in groups of 10 rats for periods of up
      to 20 min would comply with the guidelines recommended by EPA TOSCA.

PMID- 3376142
TI  - Changes in discrimination learning and brain activity (ERP's) due to combined
      exposure to NO and CO in rats.
AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are air pollutants frequently
      appearing in combination. Information available on the mechanisms of NO
      intoxication suggests that in mixtures with CO additive effects should be
      assumed. In this study CO and NO-induced changes and their interaction were
      investigated at different levels of integration: carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and
      methemoglobin (met-Hb) formation as well as centrally mediated effects were
      analyzed using evoked potential techniques and behavioral data from a complex
      discrimination learning experiment. Slight enhancements of COHb and met-Hb
      concentrations were seen for the combined CO + NO exposure conditions at low and
      high exposure levels when compared to isolated exposure conditions. The
      performance decrease was clearly higher under NO exposure than under CO exposure.
      Decrements were overadditive when simultaneous CO + NO exposure was used in
      higher concentration. Both gases affected early evoked potential components (P10,
      N30) in the same way: latencies were prolonged and amplitudes increased. Later
      potential components were differently influenced by CO and NO. Mainly the N150
      amplitude was decreased in NO exposure and increased in CO conditions. N150
      amplitude was also decreased after combined CO + NO exposure. At high levels this
      effect was overadditive indicating a dominant role of NO in the CO + NO
      combinations used in this experiment.

PMID- 3376143
TI  - Experimental nitrous oxide exposure as a model system for evaluating
      neurobehavioral tests.
AB  - A recent study reported that a minimally suprathreshold dose of 20% nitrous oxide
      significantly affected performance on 3 of 9 computer-administered
      neurobehavioral tests. Performance decrements were observed in that study on 3
      tests of psychomotor speed while other neurobehavioral functions such as
      visuospatial ability, verbal learning and mood were not significantly affected.
      The current study was undertaken to assess the reproducibility of these earlier
      results. Its experimental design was expanded to include an additional dose of
      the anesthetic and a more complex reaction time task implemented by the authors
      since the earlier study. Fifteen males aged 24-34 years were tested with the
      Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) test battery on 4 separate occasions. An
      initial training session was followed by randomly presented control, 20%, and 40%
      drug sessions. Drug-induced decrements in performance were observed in the
      current study at the 20% dose for 2 of the 3 tests of psychomotor speed which had
      shown effects in the earlier study, and average decrement in performance on the
      third approached statistical significance in the current study (P = 0.055).
      Performance on a complex reaction time task was significantly affected at the low
      dose. The higher dose of nitrous oxide impaired performance on 8 of the 9 tests
      administered, and impairment on the ninth test was nearly significant (P =
      0.055). Overall, these data are consistent with those in the previous study and
      with other reports that higher doses of nitrous oxide produce impairments in more
      cognitive CNS functions. Owing to its relative safety at low dosages, ease of
      administration, and ready acceptance by experimental subjects, nitrous oxide
      appears to be a useful model for evaluating the validity of neurobehavioral
      tests.

PMID- 3376144
TI  - Experimental exposure to alcohol as a model for the evaluation of
      neurobehavioural tests.
AB  - The performance characteristics of 4 computerized psychological tests were
      studied using alcohol as a model compound. Subjects received alcohol (0.5 ml/kg)
      or placebo in a cross-over design and performance was assessed using the Simple
      Reaction Time test, the Switching Attention test, the Hand/Eye Coordination test
      and the Color-Word Vigilance test. Analyses indicated an overall significant
      effect of alcohol at blood-alcohol levels of 0.03% with response speed on the
      Color-Word Vigilance test being the most sensitive parameter.

PMID- 3376145
TI  - Mechanisms of neurotoxicity related to selective disruption of microtubules and
      intermediate filaments.
AB  - The neuronal response to several neurotoxic chemicals includes disruption of the
      cytoskeleton such as interactions with microtubules and altered distribution of
      neurofilaments. Methylmercury (microtubule disrupting) and acrylamide and 2,5
      hexanedione (neurofilament disrupting) have been used in a cell culture (PtK2)
      system to distinguish the cytoskeletal targets of these compounds. Methylmercury
      caused disassembly of microtubules with secondary collapse of vimentin filaments
      (epithelial cell equivalent of neurofilaments) at higher concentrations; actin
      filaments were unaltered. This confirms that disruption of actin does not
      contribute to methylmercury-induced interference with mitosis. In contrast, both
      acrylamide and 2,5-hexanedione caused a perinuclear redistribution of vimentin
      filaments with sparing of microtubules. Biochemical studies revealed that 2,5
      hexanedione treatment resulted in high molecular weight vimentin-immunoreactive
      species, presumably by cross-linking of proteins. Selective action of both
      acrylamide and 2,5-hexanedione on vimentin filaments and the similarity of
      effects suggest that a common mechanism of damage may occur whereby these
      compounds act directly on both vimentin and neurofilaments.

PMID- 3376146
TI  - Effect of the antihypertensive drug hydralazine on mineral metabolism in the rat.
AB  - The effects of hydralazine (HZ) on mineral metabolism was investigated in rats.
      Sprague-Dawley rats were fed HZ (0.1-4%, w/w) in three separate experiments: (1)
      a 2-week dose-response study; (2) a 2-month long-term feeding study; and (3) a
      pregnancy study. At the end of each experiment, tissues were removed and
      concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe were measured. Results from the three
      experiments were similar. HZ had no effect on tissue Mn and Zn concentrations,
      while tissue Fe concentrations were lower and kidney Cu concentrations were
      higher in HZ-treated groups compared to controls. The effect of HZ on mineral
      metabolism may be, in part, responsible for some of its negative side effects.

PMID- 3376148
TI  - Depletion of hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl content during exposure of rats and
      mice to butadiene.
AB  - B6C3F1 mice, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats were exposed to 1,3-butadiene in a
      closed exposure system. Exposure concentrations were kept above 2000 ppm to
      ensure saturation of butadiene metabolism in both species (Vmax conditions).
      Hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) content was determined in butadiene-exposed
      animals (and air-exposed controls) after exposures for 0, 7 and 15 h. Depletion
      of hepatic NPSH content was different for the species and strains investigated.
      In mice, hepatic NPSH content declined to about 20% after 7 h and was further
      depleted to about 4% at 15 h when signs of acute toxicity were observed. After a
      7 h exposure of rats to butadiene, hepatic NPSH content was depleted to about 65%
      (Wistar) or 80% (Sprague-Dawley) of the corresponding controls but remained
      practically stable after a 15 h exposure to butadiene. The time-courses of
      depletion by butadiene of hepatic NPSH support previous findings on differences
      in butadiene metabolism between rats and mice and offer an additional explanation
      for the considerable species differences observed in the toxicity and
      carcinogenicity of this compound.

PMID- 3376147
TI  - The effect of vanadium on lung collagen content and composition in two successive
      generations of rats.
AB  - Lung collagen content in rats continuously exposed for two generations to 20 ppm
      vanadium as sodium metavanadate drinking solution was quantified by measurement
      of hydroxyproline in hydrolysates of whole lungs. The content of soluble and
      insoluble collagen isolated from the lungs of the same treated rats was also
      quantified by the same means. It was found that the content and composition of
      lung collagen for both F1 term fetuses and 21-day-old F1 pups of the treated
      group did not differ from the results obtained for control rats of the same age.
      However, total collagen and soluble collagen within lungs of adult F1 rats and F2
      term fetuses were significantly lower than in non-treated controls, while the
      content of insoluble lung collagen of the same rats was significantly higher.

PMID- 3376149
TI  - Inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by the macrocyclic trichothecenes
      roridin A and verrucarin A.
AB  - The effect of in vitro exposure to the macrocyclic trichothecenes roridin A and
      verrucarin A on human lymphocyte transformation was evaluated in the mitogen
      induced blastogenesis assay. Both compounds were capable of inhibiting
      stimulation of B- and T-cell subsets by a mitogen panel that included
      leukoagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Doses of roridin A and
      verrucarin A which inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by 50%, as averaged from this
      mitogen panel, were 20 and 9 pg/ml, respectively. Verrucarol, a compound which
      results from base hydrolysis of macrocyclic trichothecenes, had no effect on
      blastogenesis at levels up to 5 X 10(5) pg/ml, indicating that an intact
      macrocyclic ring was essential for the potent inhibitory activity of roridin A
      and verrucarin A. The toxicity of these two compounds was extraordinary relative
      to that reported for non-macrocyclic trichothecenes and could not be predicted
      quantitatively from previous structure-activity studies on the toxic and
      biochemical properties of the trichothecenes.

PMID- 3376150
TI  - Genotoxic effects of a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, in mice in
      vivo.
AB  - The genotoxicity of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been
      studied in vivo in mice. Bone marrow chromosome aberrations were not dose, time
      or route dependent, but most of the results differed significantly from controls
      except after 6 and 24 h of treatment using the i.p. and s.c. routes,
      respectively. In the micronucleus test, the occurrence of polychromatic
      erythrocytes with micronuclei increased slightly with dose, but was significantly
      higher than controls at all dose levels. Only a marginal difference in the
      incidence of sperm abnormalities was noted with the three doses of cypermethrin
      tested. However, all results differed significantly from the respective control
      values.

PMID- 3376151
TI  - Monooxygenase-mediated metabolism and binding of ethylene thiourea to mouse liver
      microsomal protein.
AB  - Ethylenethiourea (ETU), a metabolite and degradation product of the
      ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides, is a substrate for the flavin-dependent
      monooxygenase (FMO), a microsomal NADPH requiring enzyme that can oxidize ETU, as
      well as for the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. The present study shows that the
      mouse metabolises ETU preferentially via the FMO system. FMO activity decreases
      as male, but not female mice, increase in age to 30 weeks. This difference in
      activity is reflected in decreased overall metabolism of ETU and in a decreased
      FMO-mediated binding of radiolabelled ETU to mouse liver microsomal protein. The
      rapid metabolism of ETU by the FMO system may contribute to the lack of acute
      toxicity and teratogenicity exhibited by the mouse relative to the rat. However,
      the FMO-mediated binding of ETU metabolites to mouse liver protein is consistent
      with the chronic hepatotoxicity exhibited by ETU in this species.

PMID- 3376152
TI  - Species difference of urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and
      coproporphyrin in mice and rats exposed to lead.
AB  - The urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was first investigated
      in mice exposed to lead in the drinking water (500 ppm) for 30 days, and the
      results were compared with those obtained from rats exposed to lead under the
      same exposure condition. The result indicated that the level of urinary ALA
      excretion in lead-exposed mice was much higher than that in lead-exposed rats.
      This finding suggests a species difference between mice and rats with regard to
      sensitivity to lead. On the other hand, urinary coproporphyrin (CP) was also
      determined in rats and mice exposed to lead. The result obtained indicated that
      the increasing level of urinary CP excretion was higher in rats than in mice,
      contrary to expectation. The reason for the discrepancy between urinary excretion
      of ALA and that of CP in rats and mice exposed to lead is, however, unknown.

PMID- 3376153
TI  - Effects of silver in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Addition of silver nitrate or silver lactate to freshly isolated hepatocytes
      caused dose-dependent loss of cell viability, measured by trypan blue exclusion,
      at concentrations within 30-70 microM. Silver cytotoxicity was accompanied by a
      decrease in hepatic thiol concentration and an increase in lipid peroxidation.
      Treatment of hepatocytes with the reduced glutathione (GSH)-depleting agent
      diethylmaleate markedly increased their vulnerability to silver toxicity whereas
      protective effects were produced by the thiol-reducing agent, dithiothreitol.
      Both alpha-tocopherol, which protected from the onset of silver-associated lipid
      peroxidation, and the iron chelator agent, deferoxamine failed to prevent loss of
      cell viability. These data suggest that perturbation of intracellular thiol
      homeostasis may play a critical role in the mechanism underlying silver-induced
      lethal damage to isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3376155
TI  - Improved staining of C-bands in human chromosomes.

PMID- 3376154
TI  - Silicone coating of plastic block holders facilitates their reuse in glycol
      methacrylate histology.

PMID- 3376157
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy in patients with intraluminal thrombus.

PMID- 3376156
TI  - Application of ethidium bromide for high-resolution banding analysis of
      chromosomes from human malignant cells.
AB  - Ethidium bromide was added to cultured human leukemic bone marrow and solid tumor
      cells to evaluate its inhibitory effect on mitotic chromosome condensation and
      its possible application to high-resolution banding analysis. In most experiments
      ethidium bromide treatment resulted in a high proportion of mitotic cells having
      elongated chromosomes, without remarkable reduction in either the mitotic index
      or quality of metaphase chromosomes. Optimal effect on chromosome length was
      obtained by adding 10 micrograms/ml of ethidium bromide during the final 2 hr of
      culture. Because of the simplicity and reproducibility of the technique involved,
      ethidium bromide can be used routinely to extend the length of chromosomes for
      fine-banding analysis of malignant cells.

PMID- 3376158
TI  - Predicting survival after stroke: a three-year follow-up.
AB  - We examined characteristics associated with a high risk of mortality within 3
      years after a stroke. Analyses are based on data from a population-based register
      of stroke events that occurred in Auckland (total population 829,545), New
      Zealand during a 1-year period in 1981-1982 and a 3-year follow-up study of all
      survivors (97% complete). Statistical techniques that allow for the simultaneous
      evaluation of multiple factors indicated that retention of consciousness,
      decreasing age, and place of residence at the onset of the stroke were the
      strongest predictors of survival over 3 years. The survival rate for those living
      at home at the onset of the stroke who did not lose consciousness was 58%
      compared with 5% for people in institutional care who lost consciousness. Marital
      status, history of stroke, and ethnic group also predicted survival. Most of the
      important prognostic factors we identified in our study cannot be modified,
      testifying to the importance of the prevention of stroke in the first place.

PMID- 3376159
TI  - Intraluminal thrombus in the cerebral circulation. Implications for surgical
      management.
AB  - Thrombi defined as intraluminal filling defects detected by angiography were
      identified in 30 patients (29 in the carotid system, one in the vertebral
      artery). Stroke was the presentation ipsilateral to the thrombus in 22 patients
      (12 had previous transient ischemic attacks), transient ischemic attacks occurred
      alone in seven cases, and one patient was asymptomatic. Angiography revealed a
      severe stenosis in association with the thrombus in 23 patients, a moderate
      stenosis in four patients, and, in the three patients with only minimal stenosis
      presumably due to atherosclerosis, there was evidence for a coagulopathy. Sixteen
      of the 30 patients were operated on urgently, 10 within 24 hours of detection of
      the thrombus. Twelve of these 16 surgical patients were given anticoagulation
      before surgery. At endarterectomy, thrombus was identified in 11 of the 14
      surgical patients in whom the thrombus was accessible; the other two surgical
      patients had intracranial thrombus only. In this group, four of 11 surgical
      patients with accessible thrombi suffered perioperative episodes of new or larger
      infarction. Fourteen of the 30 patients initially received medical management
      with no complication. Eight of these 14 medical patients had repeat angiography;
      seven exhibited complete resolution of thrombus, and six of these seven patients
      subsequently underwent delayed endarterectomy for the stenosis. No thrombus was
      identified at surgery in any of the six. One of the six delayed surgery patients
      suffered a perioperative stroke. Although these numbers are small, reflecting the
      rarity of thrombus demonstrated by angiography, undetected thrombus is often
      found at endarterectomy. Its presence may increase operative risk.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376160
TI  - Correlation of cardiac arrhythmias with brainstem compression in patients with
      intracerebral hemorrhage.
AB  - Neurogenically caused cardiac arrhythmias and their correlation to lesions within
      the central nervous system were examined prospectively in 54 patients with
      spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. All patients were examined neurologically
      daily for 3 weeks, with special attention given to signs of brainstem compression
      resulting from transtentorial herniation. Electrocardiograms were continuously
      recorded over an average of 5 days. A significant correlation was established
      between the clinical manifestations of brainstem compression and sinus
      arrhythmias, multifocal premature ventricular contractions, couplets, and
      ventricular tachycardias. An explanation for this correlation may be found in the
      localization of the autonomous cardiovascular centers in the hypothalamus and
      brainstem. Transtentorial herniation frequently leads to a bilateral lesion of
      these structures. However, the cardiac arrhythmias are only a partial phenomenon
      within a complex cardiovascular reaction.

PMID- 3376161
TI  - Individual variation in platelet aggregability and serum thromboxane B2
      concentrations after low-dose aspirin.
AB  - The effects of low daily oral doses of aspirin (40 mg/day) on platelet
      aggregability and serum thromboxane B2 concentrations were studied in 19
      poststroke patients. Although platelet aggregation was reduced significantly
      after 1 week, there was wide individual variation in the inhibition of platelet
      function in spite of marked decreases of serum thromboxane B2 concentrations by
      greater than 90% (from 224 +/- 58 to 8 +/- 8 ng/ml). There was no correlation
      between collagen-induced platelet aggregability and serum thromboxane B2
      concentration before aspirin administration in the range 100-350 ng/ml, but after
      1 week of repeated administration of aspirin, there was a correlation between
      platelet aggregability and serum thromboxane B2 concentrations of less than 25
      ng/ml (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01). However, platelet inhibition was insufficient
      even in some patients with markedly decreased thromboxane B2 concentrations (less
      than 5 ng/ml). Our results suggest that individual variation of platelet
      aggregability in response to low-dose aspirin may be due to variation not only in
      the degree of inhibition of thromboxane A2 production but also in the relative
      dependence of platelet aggregation on extra-arachidonic pathways.

PMID- 3376162
TI  - Ischemic stroke after cardiac pacemaker implantation in sick sinus syndrome.
AB  - The risk of embolic stroke during sick sinus syndrome before cardiac pacemaker
      insertion is substantial, but stroke after pacemaker insertion has not been well
      studied. We observed 10 sick sinus syndrome patients who developed an ischemic
      stroke 4 days to 112 months after pacemaker insertion. Nine patients represented
      6% of the 156 ischemic stroke patients observed during a 30-month period. Eight
      had a ventricular-demand pacemaker, one had a dual-chamber pacemaker, and one had
      an atrial-inhibited pacemaker. Six patients were in atrial fibrillation at stroke
      onset, but none had atrial fibrillation when the pacemaker was inserted. Six
      patients were taking aspirin, and one was anticoagulated when stroke occurred.
      Stroke in sick sinus syndrome after pacemaker insertion is not rare, and pacing
      does not appear to be protective. Sick sinus syndrome patients who convert to
      atrial fibrillation or who have a ventricular-demand pacemaker might represent
      high-risk groups for stroke.

PMID- 3376163
TI  - Computed tomography of the cervical carotid artery: significance of the lucent
      defect.
AB  - To investigate the clinical significance of lucent defects in computed tomography
      (CT) scans of the cervical carotid artery plaque, we studied 95 patients with
      recent symptoms of hemispheric ischemia. Using multiple linear regression
      analysis, we estimated the strength of the association of symptoms with
      laterality of carotid artery lucent lesions, stenoses, and ulcerations observed
      in CT scans. Hemispheric symptoms correlated strongly with ipsilateral carotid
      lucent lesions (partial p less than 0.025) and with ipsilateral severe (greater
      than 75%) carotid stenosis (partial p less than 0.025). Carotid artery
      ulcerations had a weaker association (partial p less than 0.1), and stenoses of
      mild and moderate degrees showed none. The overall performance of all three
      plaque complications was highly significant (p less than 0.005). The lucent
      defect indicates a morphologic change in the carotid plaque that plays an
      important role in the development of symptoms of hemispheric ischemia. This is in
      agreement with the notion that the lucent defect is the image of intraplaque
      hemorrhage and/or necrosis, which are complications central to the development of
      symptomatic carotid disease.

PMID- 3376164
TI  - Degradation of phospholipid molecular species during experimental cerebral
      ischemia in rats.
AB  - Previous investigators have shown that free fatty acids that accumulate during
      ischemia are an indicator of evolution in ischemic brain damage. Our study
      describes the temporal relations between free fatty acid accumulation and
      degradation of phospholipid molecular species after cerebral ischemia. Using the
      four-vessel occlusion model of adult Wistar rats, we analyzed quantitatively the
      cerebral phospholipid molecular species of diacyl phosphatidylcholine and diacyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine and released free fatty acids during ischemia. Total
      diacyl phosphatidylcholine molecular species decreased gradually but did not show
      any significant difference even at 60 minutes. By contrast, total diacyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine abruptly decreased after 5 minutes and continued to
      decrease significantly thereafter. Polyunsaturated molecular species showed a
      higher ratio of degradation than saturated and monounsaturated molecular species
      of either phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. Total free fatty acid
      accumulated according to the time elapsed, and statistical significance was
      obtained after 10 minutes. Free arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were
      attributed to these significant accumulations at 10, 15, and 30 minutes. At 60
      minutes, individual free fatty acids increased nonspecifically. Free fatty acids,
      which are hydrolyzed from phospholipid classes, are known to be further
      metabolized to bioactive substances such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
      Rapid degradation of phospholipid molecular species, especially of diacyl
      polyunsaturated molecular species, could be an important finding to membrane
      perturbation. Effective prevention of these changes might enhance tolerance to
      ischemic brain damage.

PMID- 3376165
TI  - Regional differences in cerebrovascular cholinergic innervation in goats.
AB  - The presence and distribution of a cerebrovascular cholinergic system were
      studied in goats. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured in the parietal
      cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, and white matter by the hydrogen clearance
      technique in unanesthetized goats. Intravenous low doses of physostigmine, but
      not of neostigmine, significantly increased regional blood flow without changing
      mean arterial blood pressure or behavior. Increases of blood flow were greater in
      cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus than in white matter although the
      vasodilation induced by hypercapnia was similar in the three regions.
      Intracerebral microvessels were isolated from cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus,
      and white matter to evaluate choline acetyltransferase activity as a marker for
      perivascular cholinergic nerves. The enzyme level was higher in vessels from
      cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus than in vessels from white matter, which is
      in accordance with the functional data. These results suggest the presence of a
      cholinergic perivascular innervation system in intracerebral microvessels. Such
      innervation has a nonhomogeneous distribution throughout the brain and might be
      implicated in the local regulation of cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 3376166
TI  - New model of cerebral thrombosis in dogs.
AB  - Experimental in situ thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery was produced in
      dogs by use of intravasally placed copper coils, which subsequently gave rise to
      an obstructing autologous thromboembolus. The resulting thrombosis was produced
      in the middle or rostral cerebral artery within 5-15 minutes after delivery of
      the thrombogenic device. The correlation of location of the coil in the
      intracranial vasculature of the internal carotid artery with the anatomic
      distribution of resulting cerebral infarcts suggests that this experimental model
      can produce a selective acute local occlusion of cerebral vessels in a high
      proportion of dogs without violating the cranium. The composition of the
      autologous thromboembolus, the low mortality rate, and the excellent
      reproducibility will make the correlative study of thrombolytic agents and their
      therapeutic efficacy possible.

PMID- 3376168
TI  - Validation of the triple-tracer autoradiographic method in rats.
AB  - We have developed a quantitative autoradiographic technique to measure
      simultaneously local cerebral blood flow, tissue pH, and local cerebral glucose
      utilization using 4-[18F]fluoroantipyrine, [14C]dimethyloxazolidine-2,5-dione,
      and 2-[3H]deoxyglucose as radioactive tracers. Our technique was validated by
      measurements of local cerebral blood flow, tissue pH, and local cerebral glucose
      utilization in the brains of sham-operated rats. Sham-operated rats showed a 14%
      reduction in local cerebral blood flow and a 10% reduction in local cerebral
      glucose utilization in the most affected piriform and entorhinal cortical regions
      compared with the contralateral homologous regions. There was no difference in
      tissue pH measured in the sham-operated side compared with normal rats or with
      the contralateral region.

PMID- 3376169
TI  - Triple-tracer autoradiography demonstrates effects of hyperglycemia on cerebral
      blood flow, pH, and glucose utilization in cerebral ischemia of rats.
AB  - Triple-tracer autoradiography was used to measure topographic changes in local
      cerebral blood flow, cerebral tissue pH, and local cerebral glucose utilization
      in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic rats, all of which had undergone occlusion of
      the middle cerebral artery. More severe and extensive reduction of all three
      variables was observed in the hyperglycemic than in the normoglycemic rats. In
      seven normoglycemic rats, significant reduction in local cerebral blood flow (p
      less than 0.025) was observed in the ischemic but not in the contralateral
      nonischemic side at the lateral portion of the caudate nucleus and the neocortex.
      Tissue pH was significantly lower (p less than 0.025) only at the lateral portion
      of the caudate nucleus in the ischemic side. No significant differences in local
      cerebral glucose utilization were observed when the two hemispheres were
      compared. In the ischemic hemisphere of five hyperglycemic rats, the caudate
      nucleus and the neocortex exhibited significant reduction (p less than 0.025) in
      local cerebral blood flow, tissue pH, and local cerebral glucose utilization.
      Even in the nonischemic hemisphere of the hyperglycemic rats, local cerebral
      blood flow in the caudate nucleus and the neocortex was significantly reduced (p
      less than 0.025) compared with the normoglycemic rats. No significant change in
      tissue pH or local cerebral glucose utilization was observed throughout the
      nonischemic hemisphere of the hyperglycemic compared with the normoglycemic rats.
      Tissue pH was systematically lower in the hyperglycemic than in the normoglycemic
      rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376167
TI  - Effect of profound hypermagnesemia on spinal cord glucose utilization in rats.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of hypermagnesemia on
      spinal metabolic rate. The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose technique was used to measure
      regional glucose utilization in the lumbar spinal cord of paralyzed, mechanically
      ventilated rats receiving 70% nitrous oxide and an intravenous infusion of either
      saline (n = 5) or magnesium sulfate (n = 5). Plasma magnesium concentrations were
      6.75 +/- 0.5 and 0.9 +/- 0.5 mM (p less than 0.01) in hypermagnesemic and control
      rats, respectively. Hypermagnesemic rats were hypotensive (88 +/- 1 vs. 130 +/- 4
      mm Hg, p less than 0.01) but blood pressure remained within the autoregulatory
      range. Glucose utilization was reduced 26-45% in spinal gray matter and 53-63% in
      spinal white matter during hypermagnesemia. We conclude that magnesium is a
      potent spinal metabolic depressant and that this action, which is unusually
      prominent in spinal white matter, is a plausible explanation for the recently
      reported beneficial effect of magnesium therapy during spinal cord ischemia.

PMID- 3376170
TI  - Two cases of occipital infarction following cardiac catheterization.
AB  - Transient visual disturbance following cardiac catheterization has been regarded
      as a benign and transient complication. We describe two cases of computed
      tomography-documented occipital infarction after cardiac catheterization that
      emphasize a complication more serious than previously thought.

PMID- 3376171
TI  - Amnesia following thalamic hemorrhage. Another stroke syndrome.
AB  - The clinical manifestations of thalamic hemorrhage frequently comprise
      hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, and oculomotor abnormalities. Since the advent of
      computed tomography, an amnestic syndrome following thalamic hemorrhage has been
      recognized, but the thalamic structures involved and the mechanism of amnesia
      have remained uncertain. We report a patient with sudden memory dysfunction
      following hemorrhage into the anterior nucleus of the left thalamus that was
      shown neuropathologically to disrupt the mamillothalamic fasciculus, one of the
      principal components of the limbic system. It is considered that the amnestic
      syndrome following thalamic (anterior nucleus) hemorrhage is due to interruption
      of the mamillothalamic fasciculus.

PMID- 3376172
TI  - Radiation-induced cerebral vasculitis revisited.

PMID- 3376173
TI  - Lacunar pontine infarction presenting as isolated facial spasm.

PMID- 3376174
TI  - Seasonal variations in stroke.

PMID- 3376175
TI  - Sneddon's syndrome and anticardiolipin antibodies.

PMID- 3376176
TI  - Isocratic liquid chromatographic determination of theophylline, acetaminophen,
      chloramphenicol, caffeine, anticonvulsants, and barbiturates in serum.
AB  - An isocratic reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic system is
      described for resolving theophylline, acetaminophen, caffeine, chloramphenicol,
      ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine within 7
      min. A procedure for routinely measuring these drugs in serum is validated and
      has been extended to include the quantification of N-desmethylmethsuximide,
      barbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, mephobarbital, and
      thiopental. A 250 x 4.6 mm column packed with trimethylsilyl (C-1)-coated 5
      microns particles is used. The mobile phase is phosphate buffer (10 mmol/L, pH
      6.3):methanol:acetonitrile, 65:17.5:17.5. A common solvent extraction procedure
      is used for all of these drugs. The extractant is chloroform:isopropanol (95:5),
      containing three internal standards: 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IMX), tolybarb,
      and methsuximide. Theophylline, acetaminophen, caffeine, and chloramphenicol are
      quantified at 273 nm with IMX as the internal standard. With two exceptions, the
      rest of the drugs are quantified at 204 nm using tolybarb as the internal
      standard; ethosuximide is quantified at 204 nm using methsuximide as the internal
      standard, and thiopental is quantified at 285 nm using IMX as the internal
      standard.

PMID- 3376177
TI  - Spurious aminoglycoside results using the stratus immunoassay.

PMID- 3376178
TI  - Cyclosporin: erythrocyte binding and an examination of its use to estimate
      unbound concentration.
AB  - Cyclosporin A (CyA) undergoes saturable binding to erythrocytes. Theoretically,
      measurement of erythrocyte concentration can be used to estimate the unbound
      concentration, which in turn may be more closely related to response than total
      plasma concentration. This possibility for estimating unbound concentration was
      explored in 139 blood samples taken from renal transplant patients who received
      CyA therapy. In practice, the method proved to be no better than that obtained by
      assuming a constant fraction CyA in plasma unbound. In this study, however, both
      methods were too imprecise to be of practical value. If unbound CyA concentration
      is to be determined it must be measured directly or must be estimated by
      multiplying total plasma concentration by fraction of drug unbound.

PMID- 3376179
TI  - Verapamil in unstable angina pectoris: failure to demonstrate a relationship
      between efficacy and plasma levels.
AB  - Verapamil has been shown to be effective in reducing the frequency of episodes of
      ischemic pain in patients with unstable angina pectoris, and to be more effective
      than beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in such patients. However, in many patients
      ischemic symptoms persist despite verapamil therapy. In a group of 33 consecutive
      patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with unstable angina pectoris and
      treated with verapamil and nitroglycerin, we prospectively tested the hypothesis
      that plasma concentrations of verapamil were a direct determinant of resolution
      of ischemic symptoms over the initial 72-h period of admission. During this
      period, improvement or resolution of symptoms occurred in 23 of the 33 patients.
      With patients receiving 240 to 320 mg/day of verapamil, plasma verapamil
      concentrations varied between 8 and 487 ng/ml, rising significantly with
      increasing duration of therapy. Mean plasma verapamil concentrations were
      somewhat greater in patients who improved than in those with ongoing or worsening
      symptoms, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, no
      correlation was found between symptomatic status and plasma concentrations of
      norverapamil, the active metabolite of verapamil. In one patient cardiac failure
      worsened, possibly attributable to an elevated plasma verapamil concentration
      (336 ng/ml). We conclude that in this clinical setting there is little place for
      routine monitoring of plasma verapamil concentrations.

PMID- 3376180
TI  - Is free fraction measurement of phenytoin always necessary in pediatric epileptic
      patients?
AB  - Sixty-two serum samples from 28 pediatric epileptic patients under treatment with
      phenytoin [diphenylhydantoin (DPH)] were obtained to study the correlation
      between total and free serum DPH concentrations. The effect of coadministered
      antiepileptic drugs on DPH protein binding was also studied. Binding of DPH to
      serum protein was assessed by ultrafiltration, and total and free DPH
      concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. A strong
      correlation existed between the total and free concentrations [r = 0.958, p less
      than 0.001, standard error of estimate (+/- 1 SY) = 0.214]. The mean value for
      the DPH free fraction was 8.9% (range 5.7-16.3%). The samples obtained from
      patients on combination therapy with valproic acid (VPA) showed a larger DPH free
      fraction and greater variation. Exclusion of the 16 samples from patients
      concomitantly taking DPH and VPA yielded a better correlation (n = 46, r = 0.983,
      p less than 0.001, +/- 1 SY = 0.145). The mean free fraction in the patients not
      taking VPA was 7.7% (range 5.7-9.0%). The effect of VPA on the protein binding of
      DPH was also studied by addition of the same antiepileptic drugs to normal human
      plasma; the results were similar to those obtained for epileptic patients. These
      findings suggest that the free DPH fraction can be predicted from the total
      concentration, even when the drug is coadministered with other antiepileptic
      drugs, the sole exception being VPA.

PMID- 3376181
TI  - Evaluation of serum phenytoin monitoring in an acute care setting.
AB  - Serum phenytoin monitoring is frequently used in the management of epileptic
      patients because phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic index and exhibits nonlinear
      pharmacokinetics. This study prospectively evaluated serum phenytoin monitoring
      in an acute care teaching hospital. Two sets of criteria were established a
      priori to define (a) appropriate selection of patients with regard to serum
      phenytoin monitoring, and (b) inappropriate serum phenytoin determinations
      (SPDs). Eighty patients receiving phenytoin were studied, of whom 58 (72.5%) were
      appropriately selected. These included 35 patients (43.8%) for whom monitoring
      was indicated and was performed, and 23 patients (28.7%) for whom monitoring was
      not indicated and was not performed. There were 39 patients with no indications
      for serum phenytoin monitoring; however, 16 (41%) of them were monitored. A total
      of 113 SPDs were performed, of which 83 (73.5%) were deemed to be inappropriate.
      Seventy percent of SPDs resulted in phenytoin concentrations outside the usual
      therapeutic range (10-20 micrograms/ml). Overall, physicians appropriately
      selected patients with regard to serum phenytoin monitoring; however, when
      inappropriate selection did occur, it tended to involve monitoring of patients
      who did not require it. The majority of SPDs performed were deemed to be
      inappropriate, since they were done too soon after admission or a change in
      therapy to reliably indicate steady-state serum concentrations.

PMID- 3376182
TI  - A pharmacokinetic dosing method for oral theophylline in pediatric patients.
AB  - Requirements for regular-release oral theophylline were determined in 34
      pediatric patients aged 0.25-14.8 years using orally derived pharmacokinetic data
      and the first-order absorption equation. Large ranges were found in the half-life
      (2.3-21.3 h) and calculated apparent volume of distribution (Vd) (0.300-1.54
      L/kg). Mean serum theophylline concentration was more closely correlated with
      actual mean concentration (r = 0.61, p less than 0.0002) when calculated with the
      individual patients' Vd values than with the standard Vd of 0.5 L/kg (r = 0.31,
      NS), and predictions obtained with the individuals' Vd values were more precise
      (p less than 0.05) and less biased than those obtained with the standard Vd. The
      precision of prediction based on individual Vd values was quantitatively similar
      (root mean squared error = 3.38 mg/L) to reported predictions based on
      pharmacokinetic values derived from an initial intravenous course of
      aminophylline therapy. We conclude that theophylline dosage requirements can be
      accurately estimated from orally derived pharmacokinetic data and that the method
      described may be useful for patients in whom intravenous therapy is not required
      or contraindicated.

PMID- 3376183
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam during multiple dosing of a 6-mg controlled-release
      capsule once daily.
AB  - Sixteen subjects completed a two-way crossover study designed to determine the
      steady-state pharmacokinetic profiles of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam following
      a 6-mg controlled-release (CR) capsule dosed once daily compared with those of a
      2-mg diazepam tablet dosed 3 times a day. Treatment A consisted of 14 days of CR
      dosing followed by 10 days of tablet dosing. Treatment B was the reverse of
      Treatment A. Plasma concentrations of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam were
      determined by an electron-capture gas-liquid chromatographic method. The areas
      under the diazepam plasma concentration-time curve were similar for both
      formulations at initiation of dosing and at steady-state, indicating comparable
      extents of absorption. The mean ratios of the areas at steady-state were near
      unity--0.94 for Treatment A and 0.91 for Treatment B--implying that no changes in
      steady-state conditions occurred upon switching regimens in either direction. The
      steady-state profiles of desmethyldiazepam were also comparable for the two
      dosage forms. These data indicate that the CR capsule and the conventional tablet
      t.i.d. produce similar target concentrations of both the drug and metabolite;
      therefore, these two dosage forms and dosing regimens should be interchangeable.

PMID- 3376184
TI  - Warfarin dosage predictions assisted by the analog computer.
AB  - This paper describes an analog computer program used to predict warfarin dosages
      following an initial three daily doses of 10 mg. The program simulates the
      patient's response to warfarin and suggested dosages can be entered into the
      program daily to predict the dose necessary for the patient. Warfarin dosage
      predictions were made for 29 patients. There was a statistically significant
      correlation between predicted prothrombin time (PT) response and actual PT
      response (p less than 0.005) for all predictions made. However, when actual and
      predicted responses were compared with a paired t test, they were significantly
      different (p less than 0.05). The program described here has been useful for
      predicting initial warfarin requirements for the majority of patients. Continued
      research is necessary to identify useful computer methods for predicting warfarin
      dosages.

PMID- 3376185
TI  - Clinical assessment of a two-compartment Bayesian forecasting method for
      lidocaine.
AB  - The predictive performance of a two-compartment Bayesian forecasting method for
      lidocaine (L) was evaluated concurrently with lidocaine therapy in 46
      hospitalized patients; 14 of these patients presented with congestive heart
      failure (CHF). Using an HP-85 microcomputer, demographic and dose-concentration
      information obtained during continuous lidocaine therapy was used to forecast
      subsequent lidocaine concentrations. One lidocaine concentration was obtained
      within each of the three intervals following initiation of lidocaine infusions:
      I1 (1-6 h), I2 (6-12 h), and I3 (greater than 12 h). Patients were categorized
      into 4 groups: (a) short-term infusions (less than 24 h) without CHF, (b) short
      term infusions with CHF, (c) long-term infusions (greater than 24 h) without CHF,
      and (d) long-term infusions with CHF. The mean prediction errors (range -0.60
      0.27) included zero (95% confidence limits) in all groups and suggested no bias.
      Forecasts of the I3 lidocaine concentrations were consistently more precise
      [lower mean absolute errors (MAE) and root mean squared errors] using the
      lidocaine concentration obtained during the 6-12-h interval (I2) than when the
      lidocaine concentration obtained at the earlier interval (I1) was used. The MAE
      was reduced by 20-40% when a single lidocaine concentration obtained during I2
      was used as compared to I1. Precision was only slightly improved with the use of
      two lidocaine concentrations. We conclude that this Bayesian algorithm is
      unbiased and delivers acceptable precision in forecasting lidocaine
      concentrations.

PMID- 3376186
TI  - Comparison of a Bayesian forecasting technique with a new method for estimating
      phenytoin dose requirements.
AB  - A simple, novel approach to phenytoin dose adjustment recently proposed by Wagner
      has been compared with an established Bayesian method. A data set comprising a
      minimum of two steady-state concentration/dose pairs from each of 43 adult
      epileptic patients was used. Prediction error analysis demonstrated that the two
      methods were equally precise but that the Wagner method tended to underpredict
      concentrations. The slope of the semilogarithmic relationship between
      concentration and dose was found to be 54% higher than originally reported by
      Wagner. It may therefore be necessary to adjust Wagner's equation for different
      patient populations before this method is used in routine clinical practice.

PMID- 3376187
TI  - Comparison of serum sampling methods for determining vancomycin dosage regimens.
AB  - The predictive ability of a four-point sampling method versus a two-point
      sampling method for vancomycin was assessed in 11 patients with various
      staphylococcal infections. All steady-state predictions were based on first-dose
      pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean vancomycin serum concentrations achieved at
      4 and 8 h postinfusion were not significantly different from the predicted
      concentrations derived from either the four- or two-point method. Also, there was
      no significant difference between the two methods in predictive ability or
      accuracy. Both methods underpredicted the steady-state concentration to the same
      degree, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 h and 3.1 micrograms/ml at 8 h, which would appear
      to be clinically acceptable. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, which uses
      two serum concentrations, appears to be adequate for adjusting vancomycin
      regimens.

PMID- 3376189
TI  - [The legitimacy of the nursing home for somatic diseases in health care. A
      cultural-sociological approach].
AB  - The Dutch nursing home for somatic patients is analysed in the perspective of
      sociology of culture. Not only the values and the meaning which the nursing home
      pretends to offer, are investigated, but also the expectations that patients have
      of nursing homes. Legitimacy is the crucial concept in this respect. The nursing
      home is legitimate if it meets certain expectations of the patients.
      Corresponding to the Advice of the Dutch Central Advisory Body for Health on task
      and function of nursing homes, it is shown, that nursing homes are not legitimate
      in the strict meaning described above. On the contrary the nursing home has
      primarily been a political factor intended to stabilize our ageing society. Close
      co-operation with community care is pleaded in order to understand the unique
      situation of every chronically ill patient or older disabled person, and to meet
      his needs as well as possible.

PMID- 3376188
TI  - [20-year statistics on homes for the aged. A historical analysis].
AB  - This article reviews the most important trends in the Dutch Homes for the
      elderly. Twenty years of statistics on this institutional setting for the elderly
      from the Dutch Bureau of Statistics provide us with a very useful longitudinal
      data-base, which has not yet been explored. The main findings of the article
      concern the tremendous growth in the average size of old people's homes in the
      past and the continuously increasing dependency of their residents. These two
      factors seem to play an important role in the time series analysis of the average
      staffing of the old people's homes.

PMID- 3376190
TI  - [Long-term diuretic treatment in nursing home residents. Is discontinuation
      possible?].
AB  - In this study the need for long-term diuretic therapy was investigated in nursing
      home patients. In 24 patients the need for diuretics was reassessed and the
      therapy was discontinued if possible. In 17 of the 24 patients therapy was
      discontinued. There was a follow-up of 17 days. Four patients developed
      congestive heart failure, and one patient died during the observation period
      after a series of complicating events. In the remaining 12 patients therapy had
      been discontinued successfully. Their mean body weight rose with 0.5 kg, and
      there were no significant changes in physical examination, serum creatinine,
      urea, potassium and hematocrit. It was concluded that it was possible in a
      substantial part of the population studied to discontinue diuretics, when there
      was no obvious current indication for this treatment. Careful clinical
      observation is needed to guarantee early detection of (recidive of) congestive
      heart-failure or hypertension.

PMID- 3376191
TI  - [Interindividual variability in drug metabolism, especially in the elderly.
      Underlying mechanisms and a possible solution].
AB  - The metabolism of a drug reveals a large interindividual variability, which might
      be attributed to large interindividual differences in the activity of cytochrome
      P-450 isoenzymes. However, it is difficult to determine this activity in the
      intact animal or man. With the help of antipyrine, a measure for this activity in
      man might be possible. Antipyrine is metabolized via 3 metabolic pathways, which
      are regulated by different isoenzymes of cyt.P-450. In addition, the ratio 6 beta
      hydroxycortisol(6 beta-OHF)/17-hydroxycorticosteroids(17-OHCS) in the urine is a
      measure for the activity of another cyt.P-450 isoenzyme, namely NIF. A
      correlation between the formation rates of the antipyrine metabolites,
      hydroxymethylantipyrine and hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) and the clearance of
      hexobarbital and theophylline, respectively, has been observed. In young
      volunteers, a good correlation between the formation rate of OHA and the
      clearance of theophylline have also been found. It must be investigated whether
      these correlations can also be observed if one smokes, consumes alcohol, keeps
      diet, takes several drugs, is young or old or is a male or female. If this is the
      case, the metabolism is predictable, the dose can be adapted and adverse
      reactions can be prevented, especially in the aged.

PMID- 3376192
TI  - [The department of geriatrics].
AB  - This contribution discusses a major report on the Geriatric Patient in General
      Hospitals in the Netherlands. Now for the first time the central advisory bodies
      in health and hospital care acknowledge the 'geriatric patient' in his own. The
      report describes the consequences for organization and training. In the comments
      the following points are made: inadequacy of the Dutch health-system with respect
      to the geriatric patient; necessity of speeding up training of geriatricians; in
      accordance to developing geriatrics as a discipline a change in the position of
      the nursing-home doctor and the necessary evaluation of implementation of
      geriatric departments in general hospitals.

PMID- 3376193
TI  - [The Department of Geriatrics in The Netherlands. A comment on the advice of the
      National Council for Public Health and the College for Hospital Provisions
      concerning departments of geriatrics in general hospitals].
AB  - In September 1987 the central advisory bodies for the Dutch health care system
      issued their advisory report on the further development of departments of
      geriatric medicine in general hospitals in the Netherlands. The report is
      awaiting judgement by the Dutch government. The lack of training capacity seems
      the main problem for the future of geriatric medicine in the Netherlands. Short
      term plans aim to strengthen the six existing general hospital departments of
      geriatric medicine, to increase their training capacity and to enhance their
      influence by giving them 'satellite-functions' such as satellite-out patient
      clinics and satellite-consultations. Long-term plans are to set up departments of
      geriatric medicine in university hospitals, in order to further stimulate
      training, teaching and research. The authors favour a faster development of
      university hospital departments of geriatric medicine.

PMID- 3376194
TI  - Nurse/patient interaction in the teaching/learning environment.

PMID- 3376195
TI  - The family health nurse's role in perinatal loss.

PMID- 3376196
TI  - Computers and OR nursing: have you the time?

PMID- 3376197
TI  - The EDAP: a second generation lithotripter.

PMID- 3376198
TI  - [3-dimensional organization of the nucleolus and the nucleolus-organizing regions
      in differentiated cells. I. Ring-shaped nucleoli in the endotheliocytes, smooth
      muscle cells and fibroblasts in the mouse].
AB  - The method of ultra-thin serial sections was used to study the three-dimensional
      structure and to perform the quantitative analysis of ring-shaped nucleoli of
      kidney and liver endotheliocytes, smooth muscle cells of kidney arterioles and
      fibroblasts of mice. Spatial models of ring-shaped nucleoli with one fibrillar
      centre are given. For the quantitative analysis the following parameters were
      measured: the number and volumes of nucleoli, fibrillar centers, RNP-containing
      structures, the vacuolar system and the RNP-index (the latter is a ratio of RNP
      part and fibrillar center volumes). Nucleoli of the same type of cells,
      occasionally in the same nucleus, were found to differ sharply in their fibrillar
      center shape. Differences in the mean volume values of nucleoli, fibrillar
      centers and the RNP-part between some cell populations are sufficiently well
      pronounced. Within the same population ring-shaped nucleoli have, as a rule,
      specific volume values of nucleoli, RNP and fibrillar centers. The comparison of
      quantitative data obtained on different cell types showed that the mean RNP-index
      values were the most stable parameter. The structural relation between fibrillar
      centers, intra- and perinucleolar chromatin and lacunar region is shown. The
      structural organization of intranucleolar chromatin and rRNA in the nucleolar
      body and in fibrillar centers is discussed.

PMID- 3376200
TI  - [Protein synthesis in cardiac cells and the ultrastructural dynamics of
      cardiomyocytes of hibernating animals during the hibernation cycle].
AB  - A significant increase in protein synthesis correlating with ultrastructural
      dynamics of cardiomyocyte organelle convertions has been demonstrated in
      cardiomyocytes of ground squirrel during arousal from hibernation. In hibernating
      ground squirrels, the ultrastructure of protein-synthesizing organelles and of
      the cardiomyocyte nucleus points out to the readiness of cells to active
      synthesis of proteins. In the perinuclear area of cardiomyocytes abundant
      ribosomes, elements of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, mitochondria and
      high-energy substrates--glycogen and lipid inclusions--are seen. The
      cardiomyocyte nuclei are large, with highly convoluted borders and abundant
      pores, their nucleolar structure is granular, the chromatin is mainly diffuse.
      The potency of cardiomyocyte protein-synthesizing system of hibernating ground
      squirrels is realized every time at periodical arousals during hibernation. The
      role of cyclic changes of protein synthesis rate in adaptation of cells of
      hibernating mammals to functioning at various temperatures is discussed.

PMID- 3376199
TI  - [Electron microscopy research on the chromatin structure of dispersed lampbrush
      chromosomes in the hen].
AB  - The lampbrush chromosomes from the late previtellogenic and early vitellogenic
      oocytes of adult hens were spread according to Miller's technique and examined in
      electron microscope. The nucleosomes in the threads of the non-transcribed
      chromatin are uniformly distributed, the spaces between the nucleosomes
      correspond by their length to the linker DNA. Nucleosomes are absent in the
      transcriptional units with high intensity transcription. In transcriptional units
      with moderate and weak transcription the nucleosomes are identified in the axial
      chromatin fibril between RNA-polymerase granules, the space between them varying.
      The compactization ratio of DNA (the number of DNA mkm in a 1 mkm chromatin
      fiber) in non-transcribed fibrils is equal to 2.1, in transcriptional units with
      moderate and weak activity it is 1.7, and in transcriptional units with intensive
      transcription it is close to 1. The DNA compaction ratio in lateral loops of
      lampbrushes is determined by the intensity of transcription. It is supposed that
      in the native state the inactive chromatin with uniform spacing of nucleosomes
      has a supernucleosomal structure, while the DNA compaction ratio in the
      transcribed sequences corresponds to that on Miller's spreads.

PMID- 3376201
TI  - [Drug fever].

PMID- 3376202
TI  - [Development of hospital-based psychiatry in Denmark. Status from 1982 to 1987].

PMID- 3376204
TI  - [Fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products in suspected deep venous thrombosis
      of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3376203
TI  - [Fractures in Danish parachuting. Etiology and injury patterns].

PMID- 3376205
TI  - [Antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1985-1986 in a
      venereological clientele in Copenhagen].

PMID- 3376206
TI  - [Hypertension after intake of Elsinore pill].

PMID- 3376207
TI  - [Primary herpes genitalis with neurological manifestations].

PMID- 3376208
TI  - [Lymphangioleiomyomatosis as the cause of chylothorax].

PMID- 3376209
TI  - [Institutional scabies].

PMID- 3376210
TI  - [Arterial pseudoaneurysmatic abscess following intra-arterial injection in drug
      addicts].

PMID- 3376211
TI  - [Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula without atresia of the esophagus].

PMID- 3376212
TI  - [Intestinal tuberculosis complicated by spontaneous intestinal perforation].

PMID- 3376213
TI  - [Lovastatin and a little of everything].

PMID- 3376214
TI  - [Prognostic significance of the delivery of infants weighting more than 4500 g
      for subsequent development of maternal diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3376215
TI  - [Acute pseudo obstruction of the colon].

PMID- 3376216
TI  - [Is it possible to measure the effect of a diabetic out-patient clinic?].

PMID- 3376217
TI  - [Complications of permanent pacemaker treatment in patients of occupationally
      active age].

PMID- 3376218
TI  - [Head injuries in children after bicycle accidents. A retrospective review over a
      9-year period at a department of neurosurgery].

PMID- 3376219
TI  - [Intraoperative autotransfusion during vascular surgery. Trial of a simple method
      of collection and reinfusion of whole blood].

PMID- 3376220
TI  - [Recurrent cancer of the uterine cervix. A study of recurrent symptoms and
      diagnostic course].

PMID- 3376221
TI  - [Initial symptoms and social conditions among persons exposed to organic
      solvents].

PMID- 3376222
TI  - [Poisoning with the death cap (Amanita phalloides)].

PMID- 3376224
TI  - [Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis].

PMID- 3376223
TI  - [Eczema due to bandages].

PMID- 3376226
TI  - [Development of gas gangrene following after cholecystectomy].

PMID- 3376225
TI  - [Torsion of the non-pregnant uterus].

PMID- 3376227
TI  - [Traumatic myocardial infarction complicated by left-sided heart failure].

PMID- 3376228
TI  - [Effect of antihypertensive treatment].

PMID- 3376229
TI  - [Spread sheet programs for a microcomputer].

PMID- 3376230
TI  - [Epidemiological and traumatological analysis of injuries in a Danish volleyball
      club].

PMID- 3376231
TI  - [How patients experience access to their medical records in a surgical
      department. A consecutive interview study: The first 6 months].

PMID- 3376232
TI  - [Hospital patients in a medical department].

PMID- 3376233
TI  - [Endoscopic examination of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age with
      upper abdominal dyspepsia].

PMID- 3376234
TI  - [Intensive therapy of AIDS patients with pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 3376235
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of metastatic fractures of the proximal femur].

PMID- 3376236
TI  - [Fatal cases of poisoning in Eastern Denmark over a 5-year period].

PMID- 3376237
TI  - [Infantile sigmoid volvulus].

PMID- 3376238
TI  - [Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in Denmark].

PMID- 3376239
TI  - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis: association with Crohn disease and colonic
      cancer].

PMID- 3376240
TI  - [Reactive arthritis of the sacroiliac joint].

PMID- 3376241
TI  - [Amitriptyline. A cause of loss of memory].

PMID- 3376242
TI  - [Colonic cancer after ureterosigmoidostomy].

PMID- 3376244
TI  - [Should asthma be treated with acupuncture?].

PMID- 3376243
TI  - [Basic epidemiologic evaluation guidelines in establishing district psychiatric
      care].

PMID- 3376246
TI  - [Fatal lighter fluid snuffing].

PMID- 3376245
TI  - [Penicillin in status asthmaticus].

PMID- 3376247
TI  - [Mini-Trach II and acute tracheostomy].

PMID- 3376248
TI  - [AIDS conference in London (2). The number of tuberculosis cases in New York
      increased by 35 per cent].

PMID- 3376249
TI  - [AIDS conference in London (3). AIDS may cost the USA 50 million dollars in loss
      of work time in 1991].

PMID- 3376250
TI  - [Dietary treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children].

PMID- 3376252
TI  - [Hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of femoral neck fractures].

PMID- 3376251
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease and high blood pressure].

PMID- 3376253
TI  - [The snapping hip].

PMID- 3376254
TI  - [Resources involved in infected fractures of the hip].

PMID- 3376255
TI  - [The pattern of skiing injuries in the county of Veijle. The 1986/1987 season].

PMID- 3376256
TI  - [Lorazepam in oral or sublingual premedication].

PMID- 3376257
TI  - [Sexual habits in young men--in relation to AIDS].

PMID- 3376258
TI  - [Sex behavior in young tourists in Copenhagen].

PMID- 3376259
TI  - [Danish amateur boxing during 3 boxing seasons 1983-1986].

PMID- 3376260
TI  - [Pattern of injuries in Danish amateur boxers].

PMID- 3376261
TI  - [Computer tomography in minor brain concussion].

PMID- 3376262
TI  - [Prognosis in traumatic cervical cord injuries].

PMID- 3376263
TI  - [Follow-up of 338 young drug addicts admitted to psychiatric hospitals in the
      period 1975 to 1984].

PMID- 3376264
TI  - [Prescribing of benzodiazepine in the county of Roskilde].

PMID- 3376265
TI  - [Mental disorders caused by aspirin poisoning].

PMID- 3376266
TI  - [Primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary].

PMID- 3376267
TI  - [Liver abscess caused by a penetrating prepyloric gastric ulcer].

PMID- 3376268
TI  - [Medial luxation of the elbow].

PMID- 3376269
TI  - [Heart arrest associated with streptokinase treatment].

PMID- 3376270
TI  - [Postoperative wound infections--preoperative and postoperative prevention].

PMID- 3376271
TI  - [The AIDS conference in London (5). AIDS campaigns can influence sex behavior].

PMID- 3376272
TI  - [Fracture of the penis].

PMID- 3376273
TI  - [Brachial plexus involvement after fracture of the clavicle].

PMID- 3376274
TI  - [Congenital abnormalities of the superior and inferior venae cavae].

PMID- 3376275
TI  - [Anuria caused by renal artery occlusion. Possibilities of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3376276
TI  - [Digoxin in acute and chronic heart insufficiency].

PMID- 3376277
TI  - [Occupational diseases in persons with prolonged sick leave. Extent and
      notification].

PMID- 3376278
TI  - [War anesthesia. A comparison of ketamine-diazepam and thiopental-halothane
      anesthesia under war conditions].

PMID- 3376279
TI  - [Conservative treatment of rupture of the medial collateral ligament of the
      knee].

PMID- 3376280
TI  - [Alternative treatment among patients with inflammatory bowel disease].

PMID- 3376281
TI  - [Drug therapy of ulcer prior to diagnostic endoscopy].

PMID- 3376282
TI  - [Scintigraphic follow-up control of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 3376283
TI  - [Are test strips an alternative to microscopic examination and culture of urinary
      sediment?].

PMID- 3376284
TI  - [Lord-Millar brush method in ambulatory treatment of pilonidal cysts].

PMID- 3376285
TI  - [Acute infection with human immune deficiency virus].

PMID- 3376286
TI  - [Dysplastic nevus syndrome].

PMID- 3376287
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia in parenchymatous disease of the liver].

PMID- 3376288
TI  - [Anesthesia in morbidly obese patients].

PMID- 3376289
TI  - [Forensic psychiatry patients].

PMID- 3376290
TI  - [Fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia].

PMID- 3376291
TI  - [Surgical treatment of anal abscesses in cancer patients during
      immunosuppression].

PMID- 3376292
TI  - [Complications after transurethral resection of the prostate in prostatic cancer.
      A retrospective study].

PMID- 3376293
TI  - [Traumatic spinal injuries in Greenland 1965-1986].

PMID- 3376294
TI  - [Tarsal arthroscopy].

PMID- 3376295
TI  - [Persistent symptoms after intake of hallucinogenic mushrooms].

PMID- 3376296
TI  - [Skull injuries caused by accidents with field irrigators].

PMID- 3376297
TI  - [Reduction en masse of an incarcerated inguinal hernia].

PMID- 3376298
TI  - [Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis presenting with colonic symptoms].

PMID- 3376299
TI  - [Wilson's disease presenting with severe hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 3376300
TI  - [Solitary colonic mesenteric cyst].

PMID- 3376301
TI  - [Primary liver cancer in a case of well-treated primary (hereditary)
      hemochromatosis].

PMID- 3376303
TI  - [Life-threatening pleural empyema in infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 3376302
TI  - [The bronze baby syndrome].

PMID- 3376304
TI  - [Cecocutaneous fistula 44 years after appendectomy].

PMID- 3376305
TI  - [Home oxygen treatment of an infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia].

PMID- 3376306
TI  - [Asthma, acupuncture and science].

PMID- 3376307
TI  - [Magnesium deficiency syndrome in elderly patients with malabsorption].

PMID- 3376308
TI  - [The analgesic value of anticonvulsants].

PMID- 3376309
TI  - [Radial keratotomy. Surgical treatment of myopia].

PMID- 3376310
TI  - [Hospitalized children and children's visits to casuality departments].

PMID- 3376311
TI  - [Balloon dilatation of strictures of the upper urinary tract].

PMID- 3376312
TI  - [Late results of resection of the lateral end of the clavicle].

PMID- 3376313
TI  - [Serum methadone monitoring in addicts on methadone maintenance treatment].

PMID- 3376314
TI  - [Amputations of the lower limbs in diabetics and non-diabetics].

PMID- 3376315
TI  - [Plasma cell granuloma. An unusual tumor in a child].

PMID- 3376316
TI  - [Acute HIV infection in 1979 without development of AIDS].

PMID- 3376317
TI  - [Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis].

PMID- 3376318
TI  - [Irreversible obstructive pulmonary damage after treating wood with lye].

PMID- 3376319
TI  - [Fatal crushing in a sliding door].

PMID- 3376320
TI  - [Fatal intracerebral hemorrhage associated with consumption of amphetamine].

PMID- 3376321
TI  - [An enterocolic fistula originating from a Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 3376322
TI  - [Arrogant neurosugeons and knowledgeable radiologists].

PMID- 3376323
TI  - [Metabolism of drugs in the liver and disease].

PMID- 3376324
TI  - [Evaluation of a district psychiatric unit. I. Patient population and treatment].

PMID- 3376325
TI  - [Evaluation of a district psychiatric unit. II. A patient survey and therapeutic
      results].

PMID- 3376326
TI  - [Calculated initial dose of streptokinase in relation to age, and history of
      throat infections].

PMID- 3376327
TI  - [Influence of environmental changes on elderly patients].

PMID- 3376328
TI  - [Fractures of the lateral tibial plateau. Results of surgical treatment].

PMID- 3376329
TI  - [Fractures of the olecranon. Epidemiological aspects].

PMID- 3376330
TI  - [Reference bias].

PMID- 3376332
TI  - [Burns due to electric kettles with hanging flexes].

PMID- 3376333
TI  - [Occupational conditioned neck, shoulder and arm complaints. Paragraph 47: follow
      up of maintenance allowance and occupationally conditioned disease].

PMID- 3376331
TI  - [Specific diagnosis of familial dysbetalipoproteinemia in Denmark. Report of a
      family study].

PMID- 3376334
TI  - [Pulmonary sequestration].

PMID- 3376336
TI  - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in 1987].

PMID- 3376335
TI  - [Migrating purulent arthritis caused by beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group C].

PMID- 3376337
TI  - [Recent progress in the structure of human apolipoprotein B].

PMID- 3376338
TI  - [Physiological roles of endorphins in 1987].

PMID- 3376339
TI  - [Carnitine and intermediary metabolism].

PMID- 3376340
TI  - [The IRCM: a model of organization in the quest for scientific excellence.
      Interview by Robert Henry].

PMID- 3376341
TI  - [Computer science in therapeutic decision-making by the physician].

PMID- 3376342
TI  - [Retinol, carotenes and nutritional status in metastatic breast cancer].

PMID- 3376343
TI  - ["There has never been a unique language of science and there never will be".
      Interview by Robert Henry].

PMID- 3376344
TI  - [Use of stable isotopes for studying the metabolism of energy substrates in man].

PMID- 3376345
TI  - [Phenotype of apolipoprotein E, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 3376346
TI  - [Digital phonocardiography: a non-invasive technic for follow-up of bioprosthetic
      heart valves].

PMID- 3376348
TI  - [Contribution of radioimmunologic methods to the diagnosis of endocrine
      diseases].

PMID- 3376347
TI  - [Prostaglandins in clinical practice].

PMID- 3376349
TI  - [Use of retroviruses for understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer].

PMID- 3376350
TI  - Vascular resistance is decreased in the luteal rat ovary by a 20 minute
      continuous infusion of noradrenaline.
AB  - The effect of a 20 min continuous infusion of noradrenaline (2 nanomoles/min) on
      the blood flow and vascular resistance of 2-, 6- and 11-day-old corpora lutea
      from adult pseudopregnant rats was studied. Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating
      with vasectomized male rats. The blood flow of the corpus luteum and the
      remaining ovary was measured with the microsphere technique. The basal blood flow
      varied between the luteal ages studied and was highest at day 6 of
      pseudopregnancy. Noradrenaline induced a two-fold increase in the blood flow of
      the corpus luteum at the luteal ages studied. The vascular resistance (blood
      pressure/blood flow) decreased for all luteal ages, while the vascular resistance
      for kidney, spleen and diaphragm was unchanged. Antidiuretic hormone was found to
      markedly decrease the luteal blood flow and the vascular resistance remained
      increased. The effect of noradrenaline infusion on the luteal blood flow thus in
      contrast to other vasoactive substances is biphasic, with an initial
      vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation.

PMID- 3376351
TI  - Transcutaneous monitoring of oxygen tension during progressive hypoxia and sleep.
AB  - Transcutaneous O2 monitoring (PtcO2) was studied in 16 adult subjects suspected
      of having sleep-related breathing disorders, by comparison with arterial O2
      measurements (PaO2). At rest the mean difference (+/- SD) between PaO2 and PtcO2
      was 3.6 (+/- 1.5) kPa. During progressive hypoxia 74 simultaneous measurements
      showed a mean decrease in PtcO2 from the beginning to the end of the hypoxic
      tests of 6.6 (+/- 1.4) kPa for PtcO2 and 7.1 (+/- 1.5) kPa for PaO2. The decrease
      in PtcO2 was slower than that in PaO2 during the first minute (p less than
      0.001), but for the whole hypoxic period there was no difference in the rate of
      decrease between the two methods. Continuous PtcO2 monitoring has been found
      useful in detecting respiratory abnormalities during sleep.

PMID- 3376352
TI  - Ear oximetry during progressive hypoxia.
AB  - The BIOX III Pulse oximeter for measuring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was
      compared during rest and under progressively hypoxic conditions, with SaO2 values
      based on arterial blood samples. The measurements were performed in 16 subjects
      undergoing tests of ventilatory response to hypoxia, by a rebreathing method. For
      each individual subject, there was a linear response relationship (r = 0.99),
      while for all 126 comparative values the regression equation was: y = 0.83 X +
      14.7 (r = 0.98). The observed ventilatory response was lower when the
      calculations were based on oximeter readings. We conclude that the oximeter has
      acceptable correlation between the BIOX III and SaO2 measurements for clinical
      use, especially when SaO2 is above 70%.

PMID- 3376353
TI  - Familial ovarian dermoid cysts.
AB  - A family consisting of a mother and her two daughters with ovarian dermoid cysts
      showed an increased frequency of aneuploidy and chromosomal breakage indicating
      chromosomal instability.

PMID- 3376354
TI  - Discrepancies between CT and EEG findings after acute cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Combined EEG and brain CT examinations were performed in 33 patients during the
      1st and 2nd week after stroke. CT was abnormal in 17 patients (51%) and EEG was
      abnormal in 24 patients (72%). In 17 patients CT and EEG showed conflicting
      results; in 5 patients with normal EEG findings CT was pathological, and 12
      patients had normal CT but pathological EEG findings. In this latter group, there
      were 5 particularly interesting cases with normal CT and a prominent unilateral
      EEG abnormality. Recently patients with this combination of findings have been
      described where further investigations disclosed internal carotid occlusion,
      which could be treated surgically. It is suggested that EEG should be more
      extensively used when CT findings are negative after stroke, and if a major
      unilateral EEG abnormality is encountered in such cases, further investigations
      with angiography should be considered in order to exclude surgically treatable
      internal carotid occlusion.

PMID- 3376355
TI  - N-acetylcysteine in paraquat toxicity: toxicological and histological evaluation
      in rats.
AB  - The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in paraquat-treated rats was
      investigated. The animals were divided into four groups: A = control; B = NAC; C
      = paraquat; D = NAC + paraquat. In the appropriate groups, paraquat 20 mg/kg body
      weight was administered intraperitoneally and 1% NAC solution was provided as
      drinking water. All surviving rats were killed on the seventh day after paraquat
      exposure. The lungs were graded histologically on the basis of oedema and
      cellular infiltration. On histological examination, the lungs of poisoned rats
      that had received NAC displayed a tendency towards less oedema and cellular
      infiltration than those of poisoned rats not treated with NAC. It is concluded
      that NAC might afford some therapeutic effect against paraquat toxicity in rats.

PMID- 3376356
TI  - Nutrition of the intervertebral disc: acute effects of cigarette smoking. An
      experimental animal study.
AB  - We have in the present experimental study investigated the influence of cigarette
      smoking on some nutritional parameters of the porcine intervertebral disc. The
      results from the acute smoking tests show a significant reduction in solute
      transport. Diffusion of sulphate, oxygen and methyl glucose was reduced by 30-40
      per cent. This effect was obtained after exposure to smoke for 20-30 minutes. A
      smoking period of three hours reduced the transport efficiency to about 50 per
      cent. The effect of smoking decreased when the exposure ceased. The concentration
      gradients were close to normal after 2 hours "recovery". These findings suggest
      that cigarette smoking not only significantly affects the circulatory system
      outside the intervertebral disc, where the most pronounced effect is the
      reduction in solute exchange capacity, but also significantly deteriorates the
      cellular uptake rate and metabolite production within the disc.

PMID- 3376357
TI  - Pelvic pressure measurements in the totally obstructed pyeloureter of the pig in
      4 weeks.
AB  - The pelvic pressure was measured with a noninvasive technique in 7 pigs with a
      total unilateral obstruction of the ureter lasting 4 weeks. Pressure measurements
      were performed once a week. Although there was a wide pressure variation both
      intra- and interindividually during the 4 weeks, all systems had an elevated
      pressure (greater than 25 cm H2O) after 4 weeks. This study shows that the pelvic
      pressure can remain elevated in the chronically totally obstructed pyeloureter.

PMID- 3376359
TI  - Phosphate treatment of patients with renal calcium stone disease.
AB  - Orthophosphate was administered in a daily dose of 1.0-1.5 g to 32 patients
      during a median treatment period of 3.1 years. The patients were followed with
      repeated serum and urine analyses and KUB radiographs. Urine composition with
      respect to calcium oxalate supersaturation was favorably affected. There were
      reductions of urinary calcium (p less than 0.01) and calcium/citrate quotients (p
      less than 0.001). During the follow-up period 31 new stones were formed by 12
      patients. When the rate of stone formation during treatment was compared with
      that during a period of similar length following diagnosis, there was no
      difference. On the other hand, 73 stones had formed during a period of similar
      length before the start of treatment. This demonstrates the problem concerning
      evaluation of medical prophylaxis. Four of 11 patients treated for a period
      longer than that expected for new stone formation continued to form stones. Stone
      formation was also recorded in 8 out of 15 patients with a shorter follow-up.
      Despite favorable biochemical effects the clinical result with orthophosphate
      treatment was disappointing, at least with the doses used in this study.

PMID- 3376358
TI  - Experimental oxalosis in rats: an electron microscopic study.
AB  - The ultrastructural change in rat kidneys was analyzed after intraperitoneal
      injection of oxalic acid. This study demonstrates fundamental alterations in the
      epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). At 8 h (group IV),
      cytoplasmic prolongations (CP) begin to be observed, which fill the lumens of PCT
      at 20 h (group VII) and 24 h (group VIII). Unusual mechanism of cytoplasmic
      secretion is suggested to this fact. Calcium salts were found on CP and in group
      VIII. At 16 h (group IV), intracitoplasmic membranous structures (MS) appear,
      which can emigrate across the microvilli into the lumens of PCT. At 24 h (group
      VIII), MS are also shown in basal zone and in basement membrane. We considered
      that CP, which can fragment, and MS are the ultrastructural substratum of the
      matrix of the calculis, corresponding probably to the substance A.

PMID- 3376360
TI  - Role of transurethral resection of the prostate in hematogenously disseminated
      metastasis.
AB  - Dissemination of tumor cells by vascular channels seems to be enhanced by certain
      surgical procedures, e.g. transurethral resection of the prostate, an operative
      procedure commonly used in the diagnosis and management of prostatic cancer, the
      third biggest killer of men in the United States. Circulating tumor cells have
      been the subject of great controversy as they are considered to be the connecting
      link between the primary tumor and the hematogenously disseminated metastatic
      growths. Isolation and identification of tumor cells which get released into the
      vascular channels is somewhat complicated. We report our experience with a
      technique for isolating and identifying prostatic tumor cells in the circulation
      and briefly discuss the role of transurethral resection of the prostate in the
      management of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 3376361
TI  - Cytoplasmic enzyme activities in human hypernephroma compared with normal renal
      cortical tissue.
AB  - Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
      (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
      enzymatic activities were measured in normal renal cortical tissue and in
      hypernephroma. Significantly lower activities were always found in tumoral tissue
      than in normal renal tissue. Their respective values (mean +/- SD) were: LDH,
      4,333 +/- 747 (normal tissue) vs. 997 +/- 748 U/l (tumor); HBDH, 2,554 +/- 466
      vs. 387 +/- 290 U/l; AST, 529 +/- 109 vs. 65 +/- 37 U/l, and ALT, 205 +/- 45 vs.
      9.9 +/- 5.4 U/l. The LDH/HBDH ratio was significantly greater in tumoral (2.69 +/
      0.69) than in normal tissue (1.70 +/- 0.11). These results indicate that
      hypernephroma exhibits a low metabolic rate when compared to normal tissue. Their
      enzymatic activities suggest a decreased energy metabolism, predominantly of the
      anaerobic type, and a reduced synthesis of nonessential amino acids in the tumor.
      These findings could explain in part the slow growth rate of hypernephroma.

PMID- 3376362
TI  - Results in the use of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) for
      treatment of urinary calculi.
AB  - The Piezolith 2200 as an extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter uses
      piezoelectrically generated, high-energy sonic impulses for treatment of urinary
      calculi; the shock wave generator is self-focussing. Localization of concrements
      is performed by means of ultrasound imaging. Treatment with the Piezolith 2200 is
      painless for the patient and thus possible without anesthesia and analgesia. We
      report on 806 cases of treatment involving a total of 572 kidneys in 567 patients
      (561 adults, 6 children) suffering from calculi of various sizes in the renal
      pelvis (n = 126), calculi in the calyces (n = 384), partial (n = 24) or full (n =
      19) staghorn calculi, as well as calculi in the upper part of the ureter (n =
      19). In 88% of these cases the concrements could be removed completely. Since
      cardiac activity is not influenced by piezoelectrically generated high-energy
      impulses, this procedure is particularly suited to the treatment of patients with
      heart problems.

PMID- 3376363
TI  - Seminoma testis and concomitant ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - An unusual case of synchronously arising renal cell carcinoma and seminoma testis
      is presented. A literature review revealed six similar cases. The likelihood of a
      chance coincidence is discussed.

PMID- 3376364
TI  - Multifocal bleeding due to anticoagulant therapy.
AB  - A 62-year-old patient on anticoagulant therapy presented with hemothorax,
      pulmonary hemorrhages and a high retroperitoneal hematoma with obstruction
      infarction of the right kidney. Following plasma infusion and pleural drainage,
      the clinical condition stabilized and kidney function improved.

PMID- 3376365
TI  - Fibroepithelioma of the renal pelvis.
AB  - A case of fibroepithelioma or fibrous polyp of the renal pelvis with recurrence 2
      years after primary conservative resection is reported. Radiological,
      histological and electron microscopical findings are described. This is the 9th
      case observed up to now. The literature of these extremely rare tumors is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3376366
TI  - Paratesticular papillary mesothelioma.
AB  - A case of uncommon paratesticular mesothelioma in a young patient is presented.
      Its questionable malignancy, as well as the method of treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3376367
TI  - Renal leiomyosarcoma in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.
AB  - We report the case of a 16-year-old patient with tuberous sclerosis that
      presented as renal leiomyosarcoma. This is an exceptional form of presentation of
      this tumor. An angiomyolipoma has to be first suspected in this group of
      patients. If the diagnosis is not confirmed by the imaging studies, radical
      surgery is recommended.

PMID- 3376368
TI  - Obesity and stress urinary incontinence: significance of indices of relative
      weight.
AB  - We analyzed the significance of weight and various indices of relative weight in
      the assessment of genuine stress incontinence (GSI) in 193 female patients. Body
      mass index [BMI = weight/(height2)] and the other indices of relative weight
      [weight/height - weight/(height3)] were not markedly different between patients
      with GSI and a control group of 43 females without demonstrable incontinence. A
      markedly increased BMI was found to be correlated with a positive clinical stress
      test. In addition BMI was significantly higher in patients with a higher maximum
      urethral pressure. We conclude that although obese women tend to have higher
      maximum urethral pressures, this advantage disappears in regard to the maximum
      urethral closure pressure, resulting in a higher prevalence of positive clinical
      stress test.

PMID- 3376369
TI  - [High dosage ketoconazole therapy in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer].
AB  - This paper reports on oral high-dose ketoconazole treatment (3 x 400 mg/die) in
      38 patients with advanced (pT3-4NXMOGIII - n = 9), metastasizing (Ml - n = 23)
      prostatic cancers that had been treated previously (n = 23) or untreated (n =
      15). The primary response rate was 66% with 37% remissions. After 1 year, the
      response rate was 40% with 8% remissions and 8% progressive tumours. There was
      drop-out rate of 34% because of adverse experience and a very high rate of side
      effects for 74%. During treatment there was a significant reduction in
      testosterone, cortisol and acid phosphatase blood levels. There was a transient
      rise in liver enzymes (gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH and bilirubin) above the limit.
      There was no change registered in the renal parameters (BUN, creatinine) or in
      the calcium and phosphorus blood levels. There was no difference in the response
      rate between patients who had been treated previously and those with no
      treatment. There was also no difference in the outcome of tumours that had
      metastasized and those that had not.

PMID- 3376370
TI  - [Determinants of local tumor control in interstitial radiotherapy of prostatic
      cancer].
AB  - Clinical followup of 52 patients treated with I-125 implants for localized
      prostatic cancer demonstrated local control in 85% and failure in 15%.
      Determining factors for local control or failure were analyzed and underline that
      homogeneous dose distribution is the most important factor for local control in
      interstitial radiotherapy. With the use of I-125 seeds this can only be achieved
      in small-volume (T2) stages with refined technique. For larger tumor volumes (T3)
      an external boost or the use of other radionuclides is preferable.

PMID- 3376371
TI  - [Anesthesia in transurethral surgery].
AB  - Transurethral resection (TUR) is a surgical operation generally performed in
      elderly patients, afflicted with polymorbidity and a high risk for anaesthesia.
      We studied 1351 transurethral resections during the years 1974-1984: 840 of these
      procedures were done under regional block--spinal as well as epidural--and 511 in
      general anaesthesia. Results and complications were related to the applied
      technique of anaesthesia. Considering that especially the very old patients
      belong to the regional anaesthesia group where general anaesthesia is known to be
      dangerous, the results of this study confirm definitely that regional anaesthesia
      is at present the most appropriate technique for TUR surgery.

PMID- 3376372
TI  - [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in sedation-analgesia].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of combined sedation and
      analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy using the Dornier
      lithotriptor HM III. We used a combination of a benzodiazepin derivatives with an
      opioid. We tested the dosage of drugs needed in relation to the length of
      treatment, the size of the stone and the overall energy output of the
      lithotriptor. In addition, continuous records were made of the patient's blood
      pressure and the oxygen saturation in the blood, with and without oxygen
      insufflation. Our results show that sedation combined with analgesia is a
      reasonable and useable alternative to general or regional anaesthesia for
      extracorporeal lithotripsy.

PMID- 3376373
TI  - [Iatrogenic tumor cell implantation in bladder cancer].
AB  - J82 monolayer cell cultures and 647 V multicellular tumor spheroids were
      incubated in Resectal, urine (pH 5.5; 7.5) and distilled water for 5-30 min. In
      the case of both monolayers and tumor spheroids inhibition of tumor cell growth
      was achieved by incubation in distilled water. Transurethral resection (TUR) of a
      primary superficial bladder cancer was performed in 133 patients (Ta, T1). In 60
      of these patients selected biopsies of apparently normal bladder mucosa were
      taken at the same time. There was no significant difference in tumor recurrence
      between the groups with biopsy and without biopsy. However, all patients with
      dysplasia in the selected mucosal biopsies developed a tumor recurrence. Between
      1969 and 1984 bladder wall perforation occurred in 12 patients during TUR of Ta,
      T1 bladder cancer. None of the patients who experienced bladder wall perforation
      developed extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal metastases. Although our clinical
      results suggest that iatrogenic tumor cell implantation during TUR of a bladder
      cancer is rather unlikely, this event could be prevented by the use of distilled
      water during and after TUR.

PMID- 3376374
TI  - Does bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy accelerate growth and cause
      metastatic spread of second primary malignancy?
AB  - In our study, 29 of 150 patients with bladder cancer also had other associated
      primary malignancies, 10 of which were manifested after intravesical treatment
      with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Second primary malignancies developed in 5
      of these patients within three months of the start of BCG therapy. All 5 showed
      acceleration of the second primary tumor, and distant metastatic lesions
      developed in 4. In the other 5 patients nonbladder primary malignancies developed
      eight months or more after intravesical BCG therapy started, but did not show
      acceleration or spread. Twenty patients with other primary malignancies that had
      developed months to years before intravesical therapy did not show acceleration
      or spread of those tumors. We have seen enough cases of patients who received
      intravesical BCG at the time of growth and spread of second primary malignancies
      to warrant concern. Animal and human studies of BCG use for treatment of
      malignancy indicate that the temporal relationship between the starting point of
      tumor development and the starting point of BCG treatment is crucial in
      determining whether BCG will eradicate or exacerbate the tumor. We have therefore
      instituted a change in our treatment until the question of whether or not BCG
      causes the appearance and spread of these second malignancies is answered.

PMID- 3376375
TI  - Cylinder reliability of inflatable penile prosthesis. Experience with distensible
      and nondistensible cylinders in 325 patients.
AB  - In 325 patients inflatable penile prostheses were implanted from 1981 to 1987.
      All patients were diagnosed as organically impotent and subsequently the AMS
      inflatable penile prosthesis, using the PPS, PPT, or PND cylinders, was
      implanted. The scrotal approach, utilizing a transverse incision, was used in all
      325 cases. The three-year cylinder survival rate was 72 percent for the PPS, 86
      percent for the PPT, and 97 percent for the PND. Survival for the PPT and PND
      cylinders showed a statistically significant improvement when compared with the
      PPS cylinder. It was concluded that overall success had improved due to
      modification of the surgical technique and refinements in the components of the
      prosthesis, particularly the cylinders.

PMID- 3376376
TI  - Histoplasmosis of kidneys presenting as chronic recurrent renal disease.
AB  - Histoplasmosis is a well-known infectious disease that can sometimes run a
      mysterious and unexpected course. A case is reported that presented as a chronic
      renal process, with right pyelocutaneous fistula and prolonged purulent discharge
      as well as focal calcifications of the left kidney with recurrent stone
      formation. Histopathologic examination of the right kidney, removed in 1975,
      showed noncaseating granulomas, but the precise diagnosis was not made until
      1983, when histopathologic re-examination followed partial resection of the left
      kidney, for recurrent stone formation. This article emphasizes the difficulty in
      diagnosing a noncaseating granulomatous disease in general and histoplasmosis in
      particular, especially when the urogenital tract is involved, with isolated local
      manifestations. It underlines the progressive and damaging character of this
      chronic disease, the variety of its manifestations, and attempts to increase
      awareness of this potentially treatable disease.

PMID- 3376377
TI  - Percutaneous pyeloplasty.
AB  - The indication for and the technique of the percutaneous operation on strictures
      at the ureteropelvic junction are reported on 120 patients. The results of
      evaluation of 66 followed-up cases are presented. The new method proves to be
      superior to open surgery in secondary (acquired) stenoses with a success rate of
      89 per cent, whereas in congenital stenosis the success rate was 75 per cent.
      However, if this simple and safe technique does fail, open plastic surgery still
      can be performed.

PMID- 3376378
TI  - Inflatable penile prosthesis cylinder failure after internal urethrotomy.
AB  - Transurethral direct vision internal urethrotomy can be performed safely in the
      presence of an inflatable penile prosthesis with several caveats. A case of
      prosthesis cylinder rupture by urethrotome is reviewed.

PMID- 3376379
TI  - Mechanical failure of OmniPhase penile prosthesis.
AB  - We report a case of mechanical failure due to cable breakage in both cylinders of
      an OmniPhase penile prosthesis. The failure occurred six weeks after implantation
      and was manifested by inability to activate the device. X-ray films showed cable
      fracture at the point of insertion into the activator mechanism bilaterally. This
      failure appears to be an isolated episode, and the prosthesis has been
      successfully replaced with a similar device.

PMID- 3376380
TI  - The Kelly scrotal bridge.

PMID- 3376381
TI  - Soft radiopaque loop percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy catheter.

PMID- 3376382
TI  - Percutaneous placement of suprapubic tube using peel-away sheath introducer.

PMID- 3376383
TI  - Aztreonam: its role in the treatment of nosocomial infections. Proceedings of a
      symposium. New Orleans, Louisiana, November 14, 1987.

PMID- 3376384
TI  - AIDS: a commentary.

PMID- 3376385
TI  - [Nurses' activities--a qualitative study].

PMID- 3376386
TI  - The Northern Halland project: on the need for support of patients with myocardial
      infarction in Northern Halland, Sweden.

PMID- 3376387
TI  - [Clinical instruction. How is clinical instruction actually carried out?].

PMID- 3376388
TI  - [The physician--the partner of private health insurance].

PMID- 3376389
TI  - [Hypertension in preclinical emergency care. A 4-year review].

PMID- 3376390
TI  - [Prognostic aspects of inflammatory pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 3376391
TI  - [Antiselection. Some remarks on the cause of death in early damage].

PMID- 3376392
TI  - [An electronic data processing aid (expert system?) using a personal computer for
      evaluating risk in life insurance].

PMID- 3376393
TI  - Financial benefit from the eradication of swine dysentery.
AB  - Swine dysentery was eradicated from a 270 sow herd by using medication in
      conjunction with cleaning and disinfection, without reducing the herd size. The
      feed conversion efficiency, cost per kg liveweight gain and veterinary costs in
      the herd were compared with similar Meat and Livestock Commission recorded herds
      before swine dysentery entered the farm, while it was present and after its
      eradication. During the four years when the disease was endemic in the herd the
      feed conversion efficiency deteriorated by 0.58, equivalent to 7.31 pounds per
      pig, the cost per kg liveweight gain was 15 per cent higher and the costs of
      veterinary care and medicines were 1.38 pounds per pig greater. Although there
      were pigs with clinical swine dysentery in the herd during the four year period,
      the poor production figures were attributed mainly to subclinical disease. The
      cost of eradicating the disease was more than 20,000 pounds but this sum was
      recouped within 12 months by the improved production and reduced drug usage. The
      chances of success of such a programme have been estimated to be between 54 and
      90 per cent.

PMID- 3376394
TI  - Avian cerebral tuberculosis.
AB  - Tuberculosis of the cerebrum was diagnosed in a 21-month-old chicken. Tuberculous
      lesions were also found in the liver, spleen, lungs, intestinal walls, skeletal
      muscles, bone marrow, heart wall and ovaries. Mycobacterium avium was isolated
      from the brain, liver and the lungs.

PMID- 3376395
TI  - In vitro development to blastocyst of in vitro matured and fertilised bovine
      oocytes.

PMID- 3376396
TI  - An investigation into toxoplasmosis as a cause of barrenness in ewes.

PMID- 3376397
TI  - Intestinal volvulus in a domestic fowl.

PMID- 3376398
TI  - Professional treatment of the racing greyhound.

PMID- 3376399
TI  - Intestinal torsion in a chinchilla.

PMID- 3376401
TI  - Illegal dog fighting.

PMID- 3376400
TI  - Rabies in Lesotho.

PMID- 3376402
TI  - Pathological changes and organochlorine residues in tissues of wild otters (Lutra
      lutra).
AB  - In 1984 two adult, wild otters (Lutra lutra) from north Norfolk were subjected to
      full post mortem examinations. One was found dead and the other sick. Both were
      thin. No evidence of infectious disease was found, but there were organochlorine
      concentrations of 433 and 75 mg/kg of fat (69 per cent polychlorinated biphenyls
      in both) in skeletal muscle. Leiomyoma of the reproductive tract and
      adrenocortical hyperplasia in one otter were similar to age associated changes in
      other mammals. Integumentary, including pedal, lesions were present in both
      otters. The possibility that the pedal lesions were caused by the toxic effects
      of polychlorinated biphenyls is discussed.

PMID- 3376403
TI  - Determination of steroid hormones in goats' milk and plasma as an aid to
      pregnancy diagnosis using an ELISA.
AB  - Commercial ELISA kits for the determination of steroid hormones in milk and blood
      of domestic animals have been used by veterinary surgeons in practice as a method
      of pregnancy diagnosis in cattle, horses and pigs. In goats, the complex
      metabolism of steroid hormones in the mammary gland has made the test
      unsatisfactory. In five non-pregnant Saanen does, milk and blood samples were
      taken daily through a complete oestrous cycle, and the concentrations of
      progesterone measured by ELISA. A wide variation in the pattern of progesterone
      concentration was recorded. In seven non-pregnant and early pregnant does (less
      than 35 days) the mean concentration of oestrogens in milk was 0.5 ng/ml.
      Pregnancy in 88 does was subsequently predicted, based upon a concentration of
      oestrone sulphate in milk over 0.5 mg/ml, and was approximately 80 per cent
      accurate for determination of both pregnancy and non-pregnancy when compared with
      actual kidding data. Reasons are given for these errors.

PMID- 3376404
TI  - An abattoir survey of growth promoter implants in cattle.

PMID- 3376405
TI  - Occurrence of two phases of return to oestrus in sows on commercial units.

PMID- 3376406
TI  - Syringe hazard.

PMID- 3376407
TI  - Results of operative treatment of equine colic with special reference to surgery
      of the ileum.
AB  - This retrospective study presents the results of surgical treatment of
      obstructive colic in horses operated in the last decade (1976-1985). The overall
      short-term recovery rate (i.e. discharged from hospital) was 51% of cases
      presented for surgery, and 68% of cases which were considered to be amenable to
      surgical therapy. For long-term results (6 months-8 years follow up) these
      percentages must be reduced by about 15% due to mortality after discharge.
      Special attention has been given to surgery of the ileum, which is often involved
      in strangulation or obturation, and accounts for about 26% of gastrointestinal
      surgical disorders. The long-term recovery rate of ileal surgery was 54.3%, but
      ileocaecal intussusception and jejunocaecostomy with resection have a much poorer
      prognosis. The results of this study indicate that resection of the ileum should
      be avoided unless necrosis is present or threatening. The alternative is creation
      of a shunt between (distal) jejunum and caecum, thus bypassing the ileum and
      ileocaecal junction and preserving the original anatomical relationships.

PMID- 3376408
TI  - Canine mammary tumours: protective effect of late ovariectomy and stimulating
      effect of progestins.
AB  - Ovariectomy, even when performed at an advanced age, was found to be to some
      extent protective against mammary tumour development in dogs. Bitches treated
      with progestins had a slightly higher risk for mammary tumours (all types, benign
      and malignant) than controls. Progestin treatment did not increase the risk of
      mammary cancer. Benign tumours in (treated and untreated) dogs appeared earlier
      than malignant ones. Progestin treatment resulted in earlier appearance of both
      benign and malignant tumours than in controls. The ratio solitary/multiple
      mammary tumours was not significantly different between treated and untreated
      dogs.

PMID- 3376409
TI  - Some pharmacokinetic observations of carbadox medication in pigs.
AB  - Concentrations of carbadox and a first metabolite, desoxycarbadox, were measured
      in contents of the porcine gastrointestinal tract after in-feed administration of
      carbadox in therapeutic dosages (100-150 ppm). The levels of carbadox in the
      relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract were found to be lower than the MIC
      values reported for enteropathogenic microorganisms at their sites of action. The
      presented observations do not provide a pharmacological rationale for the
      therapeutic use of carbadox in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in swine.
      The carbadox levels encountered in the proximal part of the gut (stomach,
      duodenum) however, seem to indicate that in-feed administration of 50 ppm
      carbadox can provide an effective prophylaxis against Treponema hyodysenteriae, a
      causative agent in swine dysentery. The timecourse of the blood levels of
      carbadox and desoxycarbadox after in-feed administration of carbadox (50 ppm) and
      the concentration profiles in the gastrointestinal tract are discussed with
      regard to the disposition of this drug in pigs.

PMID- 3376410
TI  - Factors affecting dystocia and birth weight in Grati cattle in Pujon, East Java.
AB  - This paper discusses factors affecting dystocia and birth weight in Grati cattle
      in three villages in the Pujon district, East Java. Records of birth weight,
      dystocia score, village, season, parity, sex, artificial versus natural service,
      and age and weight of dam, were obtained from 268 parturitions. Village and
      weight of the dam had a significant effect on birth weight but not on dystocia.
      Parity had a significant effect on dystocia score. More abnormal births occurred
      with AI using exotic bulls. Calves from an abnormal birth were on average more
      than three kg heavier. First parity births combined with Al with exotic bulls had
      a particularly high incidence of dystocia. It is concluded that farmers in Pujon
      can reduce the incidence of dystocia in heifers by using local bulls only.

PMID- 3376411
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on cows suspected of subclinical infection with M.
      paratuberculosis.
AB  - Glucocorticoids were administered to 10 heifers suspected of subclinical
      infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Three animals remained untreated.
      M. paratuberculosis was isolated from the internal organs of 2 animals after this
      treatment but not from any of the control group. Delayed type hypersensitivity
      and lymphocyte reactivity towards Johnin and purified protein derivates of M.
      avium and M. bovis were depressed. A sharp increase in total leucocyte count, due
      to an increase in neutrophil numbers, occurred. In the three untreated animals
      these parameters did not change during the experiment. A decrease of specific
      immunological reactivity towards M. paratuberculosis occurred, but not to such an
      extent that clinical disease developed.

PMID- 3376412
TI  - Borrelia infections of ruminants in Europe.
AB  - The occurrence of Borrelia spirochaetes in cattle in the Netherlands is reported
      for the second time, and in red deer and roe-deer in Austria for the first time.
      It is postulated that these spirochaetes are Borrelia burgdorferi rather than B.
      theileri. The reservoir role of ruminants in the epidemiology of human disease
      caused by B. burgdorferi in Europe should be investigated.

PMID- 3376413
TI  - Hydroxylation and oxidation of nalidixic acid in the turtle Pseudemys scripta
      elegans.
AB  - The turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans hydroxylates nalidixic acid into 7
      hydroxynalidixic acid; this latter metabolite is oxidised into 7-carboxynalidixic
      acid. The elimination half-life of nalidixic acid in the turtle is 30 h. No
      glucuronides of nalidixic- and 7-hydroxynalidixic acid are formed, as they are in
      man.

PMID- 3376414
TI  - Ivermectin in the control of helminthiasis in guinea fowl Numida meleagris
      galeata Pallas.
AB  - Guinea fowls (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) were treated with subcutaneous
      injection of Ivomec at dose rate of 0.14 mg/kg to control and reduce mortalities
      due to helminthiasis. Ten hours after treatment faecal droppings contained both
      adult and larval stages of Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Subulura
      suctoria and fragments of Raillietina spp. Recovery was found 48 hours later.
      Drug efficacy was 100%.

PMID- 3376416
TI  - Opsonic effect of monoclonal antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serovar
      copenhageni.
AB  - The opsonic effect of monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against Leptospira
      interrogans serovar copenhageni strain Shibaura was examined in vitro using
      radiolabeled organisms and mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages. Four IgG McAbs
      (all IgG3) and 2 IgM McAbs were used, all showed different reactivities and were
      bound to homologous lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IgG3 McAbs at the sub-agglutinating
      concentration were opsonic, but the degree of the opsonic effect varied among
      IgG3 McAbs. Opsonization with IgG3 McAbs at the concentration showing the same
      level of ELISA binding showed that the highest opsonic effect was exerted by Sw-6
      antibody. The other IgG3 McAbs showed a similar but lower opsonic effect. IgM
      McAbs, which were not opsonic at the sub-agglutinating concentration even in the
      presence of complement, showed opsonic effect at the agglutinating concentration.

PMID- 3376415
TI  - Immunological cross-reactivity between pseudocapsular antigens of strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cases of bovine mastitis.
AB  - An assay was developed to measure the degree of immunological cross-reactivity
      between the pseudocapsules of a vaccine (reference) strain of Staphylococcus
      aureus and pseudocapsules of strains of S. aureus isolated from cases of bovine
      mastitis. The field strains were obtained from Australia, New Zealand, Norway,
      the U.K. and the U.S.A. There was large variation among strains in cross
      reactivity of their pseudocapsules with those of the reference strain. For 104
      Australian strains, the range of cross-reactivity indices (CRI) was 6.1-63.2% (on
      a scale of 0-100%, with 0% being complete identity and 100% being nil identity);
      for 61 overseas strains the range of CRI values was 25.7-72.1%. The data
      indicated that pseudocapsule antigens of Australian strains were antigenically
      more closely related to those of the reference strain than were pseudocapsular
      antigens of strains from the 4 other countries.

PMID- 3376417
TI  - Antigenic variation between three strains of rinderpest virus detected by kinetic
      neutralisation and competition ELISA using early rabbit antisera.
AB  - Strains of rinderpest virus (RV) with high and low virulence were compared with
      cell culture-attenuated RV for antigenic differences. Sera collected from rabbits
      1 week after inoculation with live virus distinguished between homologous and
      heterologous strains by kinetic neutralisation and competition ELISA.

PMID- 3376418
TI  - Routine application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with
      complement fixation for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth and swine vesicular
      diseases.
AB  - An indirect, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been compared
      in parallel with the standard complement-fixation typing test (CFT) for the
      diagnosis of foot-and-mouth and swine vesicular diseases. The superior
      sensitivity, reproducibility, economical use of reagents and ease of performance
      of the ELISA confirm the hypothesis that it should replace the CFT as the routine
      test of choice.

PMID- 3376419
TI  - Serological response of chickens to oral vaccination with Newcastle disease
      virus.
AB  - Conventional Newcastle disease vaccines are not suitable for application to
      village chickens in tropical countries of Asia. Trials with food-based vaccines
      are being initiated and the following experiments were performed to evaluate oral
      vaccination with Newcastle disease virus. Experimental chickens were vaccinated
      orally with the avirulent V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus and
      haemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses were measured. V4 virus was
      introduced into the crop by tube and total faecal output was collected daily and
      assayed for Newcastle disease virus. Virus was recovered on Days 5 and 6 after
      vaccination from most chickens that had received 10(7.4) and 10(6.4) 50% egg
      infectious doses (EID50) of virus. There was no recovery of virus from birds
      receiving a lower dose of vaccine. Groups of chickens kept in cages with wire
      floors were given various doses of vaccine into the crop. Higher antibody titres
      were achieved with higher doses of virus. This dose responsiveness was not
      observed when various doses of vaccine were presented on food pellets and the
      groups of chickens were kept on concrete floors. Similar antibody responses were
      then seen with nominal doses of 10(5.2) and 10(8.2) EID50 per bird, possibly as a
      result of excretion and re-ingestion of the vaccine virus. Spread of the vaccine
      virus was demonstrated when control chickens and chickens receiving 10(7.7) EID50
      of V4 virus on food pellets were housed together on a concrete floor. Similar
      antibody titres were achieved in both vaccinated and in-contact chickens.

PMID- 3376420
TI  - Transport of serum IgA into bile of sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - Sheep infected with Fasciola hepatica were studied for their ability to transport
      intravenously injected radiolabelled IgA from serum to bile. The results show
      that there was an apparent reduction in the selectivity of transport of IgA into
      bile in infected animals compared with uninfected controls. However, in infected
      animals the biliary flow rate was approximately twice that of uninfected animals,
      and the total amount of radiolabelled IgA transported was similar irrespective of
      infection status. The possible relevance of the elevated biliary flow rate is
      discussed with respect to the pharmacokinetics of drugs used for the chemotherapy
      of helminth infections in sheep.

PMID- 3376422
TI  - Generation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for
      bovine immunoglobulin E.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies were produced against serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin E
      (IgE). Culture supernatants of hybridomas were initially screened by enzyme
      linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Supernatant-derived antibodies were
      concentrated and further characterized using ELISA, reverse cutaneous
      anaphylaxis, immunohistochemical staining, and immunoblotting of IgE-containing
      samples separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Eight
      monoclonal antibodies showed specificity for bovine epsilon immunoglobulin heavy
      chain. Two antibodies (E2 and E32) reacted in immunoblots of SDS-PAGE of serum
      IgE under reducing conditions. Additionally, E2, E5, and E32 detected epsilon
      chain in serum separated by SDS-PAGE and then renatured. Antigen-specific IgE was
      detected in Western blots by E5 and E32. Immunoperoxidase staining of IgE
      containing cells in mesenteric lymph node sections was detected with E5, E21 and
      E32. All eight antibodies produced positive reverse cutaneous anaphylaxis
      reactions in calf skin. All functioned well in ELISA as a plate-sensitizing
      reagent for quantitation of total IgE; E5 and E32 worked well as a primary
      antibody in antigen-specific IgE assays. These antibodies will be useful in
      research applications and in diagnostic assays.

PMID- 3376421
TI  - Immunogenicity of a Moraxella bovis bacterin containing attachment and cornea
      degrading enzyme antigens.
AB  - An adjuvanted Moraxella bovis bacterin containing attachment antigens and cornea
      degrading enzyme antigens protected cattle from infectious bovine
      keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) when experimentally challenged with homologous and
      heterologous challenge cultures of M. bovis. This bacterin also protected cattle
      against field exposure to M. bovis. Transmission electron microscopy and
      fluorescein labeled anti-M. bovis pili antiserum showed pili on the M. bovis
      bacterin strain. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a fibrillar
      glycocalyx. The bacterin strain of M. bovis, but not all strains of M. bovis,
      destroyed bovine corneal cell monolayers in vitro. Bovine corneal cells began to
      separate from each other within 5 min after M. bovis organisms were added and
      adhered to the cell monolayers. Moraxella bovis organisms remained attached to
      the disintegrating cells as the cell membrane separated and was digested.
      Vaccination stimulated bacterial agglutination antibodies. However, protection
      against experimental challenge was more closely related to the cornea-degrading
      enzyme content of the experimental bacterins. Twenty-two of 29 cattle (76%)
      vaccinated with bacterins containing a relative enzyme activity (REA) greater
      than 0.4 were protected in a rigorous challenge of immunity test. Only 1 of 21
      non-vaccinated calves (5%) was free of IBK. Ninety-two percent (24/26) of calves
      vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA greater than 0.29 remained free of
      IBK following field exposure, whereas 47% (8/17) non-vaccinated calves developed
      IBK. Only 8 of 12 calves (67%) vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA of
      0.09 remained free of IBK. In a larger field efficacy test consisting of 32 herds
      in six states, the incidence of IBK in individual herds ranged from 0% to 55%.
      The overall rate of infection was 11.2%. Vaccination of calves with an M. bovis
      bacterin that contained a REA of 0.63 reduced the incidence of IBK from 11.2%
      (217/1931) in the non-vaccinated controls to 4.3% (66/1520) in cattle vaccinated
      once and to 3.1% (48/1536) in cattle vaccinated twice.

PMID- 3376423
TI  - A rapid technique for the isolation of highly purified, functionally intact
      bovine neutrophilic granulocytes.
AB  - A new method for the isolation of bovine neutrophilic granulocytes from
      peripheral blood based on centrifugation in a discontinuous metrizamide gradient
      has been developed. The procedure is rapid, taking only about 2 h, and gives
      highly purified (greater than 90%) neutrophils in a high yield (approximately
      85%). The function of the cells, as measured by chemiluminescence and migration
      assays, is not significantly influenced by the isolation procedure. Eosinophils
      can also be isolated by a slight variation of the method. Initial applications of
      the separation procedure indicate its usefulness in clinical studies of bovine
      neutrophil function. A variation between individuals in the function of the cells
      was thus demonstrated. Moreover, the chemiluminescence of neutrophils from
      infected animals was found to be greatly increased, and neutrophil migration was
      shown to be stimulated by in vivo ACTH treatment.

PMID- 3376424
TI  - A bovine monoclonal antibody to oestrone/oestradiol prepared by a (murine x
      bovine) xbovine interspecies fusion.
AB  - A heterohybridoma was produced by the fusion of sensitized peripheral blood
      lymphocytes (PBLs) with a previously derived heteromyeloma, generated by the
      fusion of bovine PBLs with murine myeloma cells. The sensitized bovine PBLs were
      collected from a steer immunized with an oestradiol-ovalbumin conjugate. The cell
      lines resulting from the fusion were screened for the production of bovine
      antibodies to oestradiol. A stable heterohybridoma was isolated which secreted a
      bovine IgG1 to oestrone/oestradiol. The use of sensitized PBLs together with
      heteromyeloma fusion partners has proved to be a reliable and simple way of
      producing monoclonal antibodies against specific haptens.

PMID- 3376425
TI  - Computerized studies of influenza epidemiology in the Sibiu county between 1968
      and 1986.
AB  - The report presents a statistical synthesis (a microcomputer Junior was used)
      concerning the incidence of various acute infections of the upper respiratory
      tract (AIURT), the stages of their evolution, the distribution of cases among the
      population groups, the seasonal incidence and the values of epidemiologic
      parameters. We used clinical and epidemiologic data on AIURT of viral etiology
      (especially influenza). The structure of a data base on the epidemiology of AIURT
      of viral etiology is also presented.

PMID- 3376426
TI  - [Treatment of cutaneous herpes and herpes zoster with Nivcrisol-D].
AB  - The results obtained at the Dermatological service of the Colentina Hospital show
      that the product NIVCRISOL-D, containing propolis, has a significant
      therapeutical effect against recurrent herpes and zona zoster.

PMID- 3376427
TI  - Automated densitometry of polyacrylamide gel electrophoregrams.
AB  - A device is described which enables to convert a spectrophotometer in a high
      performance densitometer. Test samples for the evaluation of densitometric
      characteristics are presented. The estimations can be carried out in the UV
      visible range without applying the common staining procedure, on either
      cylindrical or plane gel plates in absorption or fluorescence. Polyacrylamide gel
      migrated commercial protein mixtures as well as A(H1N1) influenza virus and
      Sendai virus polypeptides were used as biological samples.

PMID- 3376428
TI  - [Methodology for the development of expert systems of viral epidemiology].
AB  - The proposed methodology for the elaboration of the base of knowledge uses a tree
      of the hierarchical entities and a simplified variant of the natural language.
      The resolution system is based on an extension of the predicate calculation
      containing, in an explicit way, entities of different nature, and among these the
      correlations giving the rules of deduction.

PMID- 3376429
TI  - Health promotion and disease prevention.

PMID- 3376430
TI  - [Mathematics in medicine--the prospects of reorganization and acceleration of
      scientific research in physiotherapy and health resort treatment].

PMID- 3376431
TI  - [Effectiveness of using therapeutic gymnastics at home by patients after
      myocardial infarction].

PMID- 3376432
TI  - [Effect of auricular acupuncture therapy on central hemodynamics in patients with
      hypertension].

PMID- 3376434
TI  - [Secondary prevention of inflammatory lung diseases by physical factors
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 3376433
TI  - [Value of therapeutic mud on the activity of lysosomal enzymes in patients with
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 3376435
TI  - [Effect of phonopuncture on gastric motor function in patients with duodenal
      ulcer].

PMID- 3376436
TI  - [Changes in motor and absorptive functions of the small intestine after exercise
      therapy in patients operated on for duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 3376437
TI  - [Clinico-pathophysiological substantiation of using ultrasonics for the
      prevention of cracked nipples in puerperas].

PMID- 3376438
TI  - [Experimental extracorporeal shockwave nephrolithotripsy].

PMID- 3376439
TI  - [Effect of vibration massage of discretely increasing frequency on the dynamics
      of metabolic processes in the muscles in experimental injury of the sciatic
      nerve].

PMID- 3376440
TI  - [Effect of a continuous current on prostaglandin E1 metabolism in the lungs
      (experimental study)].

PMID- 3376441
TI  - [Use of an ultrahigh frequency electric field on a patient with hypothalamo
      hypophyseal insufficiency].

PMID- 3376442
TI  - [Clino-orthostatic test in patients with hypertension during treatment with
      sodium chloride mineral waters].

PMID- 3376443
TI  - [Various ways of improving the sanatorium-health resort services for the
      population of the USSR].

PMID- 3376444
TI  - [Problems of the development of health resorts in the Far East].

PMID- 3376445
TI  - [Medical weather forecasting and meteorological preventive services in sanatoria
      and health resort institutions].

PMID- 3376446
TI  - [Improving the function of the hands in patients with injuries of the cervical
      part of the spinal cord].

PMID- 3376447
TI  - [A vacuum system for the transportation of burlap used in mud therapy].

PMID- 3376448
TI  - [A frame for the ORK-21 photoprotective apron].

PMID- 3376449
TI  - [An instrument for measuring proportional segments].

PMID- 3376450
TI  - [Characteristics of cardio- and hemodynamics in patients of various ages with
      ischemic heart disease after exposure to an ultrahigh-frequency electric field in
      the area of cervical sympathetic ganglia].

PMID- 3376451
TI  - [Report on the activities of the journal "Voprosy Onkologii" for 1987].

PMID- 3376452
TI  - [A more precise prognosis of the cancer morbidity of the population of the USSR
      in 1990].

PMID- 3376453
TI  - [Improvement of registry documentation of patients (diseases) with malignant
      neoplasms].

PMID- 3376454
TI  - [Activity of natural killers in acute leukemia in children].
AB  - Natural killer (NK) activity was studied in healthy children, (16) and those with
      acute leukemia at different phases of the disease (63). Patients' age ranged 3-11
      years. NK activity was measured by release of 51Cr from the labelled K 562 target
      cells. A sharp decrease in NK activity was found in the acute phase, irrespective
      of the morphologic pattern of acute leukemia, the degree of blastosis and
      therapy. 75% of patients achieving remission revealed a decreased NK activity
      within the first 24 months, while in 25% it was normal. At 3 years and later, the
      majority of responders showed normal NK activity.

PMID- 3376455
TI  - [Changes in the sensitivity of lymphocytes to serotonin in patients with rectal
      cancer].
AB  - The inhibitory action of serotonin (10(-6) M and higher) in an in vitro
      lymphocyte adherence inhibition test appeared to be levelled off by methysergide,
      suggesting the involvement of serotonin receptors in the effect. A comparative
      evaluation of serotonin action in patients with stage I-IIA (group 1), stage IIIB
      IV (group 2) rectal cancer and recurrent disease (group 3) showed lymphocyte
      sensitivity to serotonin in vitro to be significantly higher in groups 2 and 3,
      as compared to group 1.

PMID- 3376456
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy of
      stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease].
AB  - The results of treatment of 92 cases of stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease were
      evaluated. Combined treatment (46) included 3-4 courses of MOPP (embichin,
      vincristine, natulan and prednisolone) followed by radical radiotherapy 2-4 weeks
      later. Complete remission was recorded in 36 (78.3%) out of 46 patients. Overall
      5-year survival in that group was 75.3 +/- 7.8% matched by 95.8 +/- 4.2% in those
      in complete remission (36). No signs of recurrence were observed in 68.0 +/-
      11.1% in the latter group during the 5 years of follow-up. Combination
      chemotherapy (MOPP) alone was given to 46 patients. Complete remission was
      registered in 43.5% of those patients which was significantly less frequent than
      in the combined therapy group (78.3%). Overall 5-year survival was 53.8 +/- 8.6%
      and recurrence-free course--in 58.1 +/- 11.7%. Overall survival and complete
      remission rate in the combined treatment group were shown to be significantly
      higher than in the patients who had received 5-6 courses of MOPP alone.

PMID- 3376457
TI  - [Value of the morphological characteristics of choriocarcinoma in the prognosis
      of the disease].
AB  - Morphologic studies of 59 choriocarcinomas identified 56 histologic patterns
      which are of prognostic value. According to information index of Koulback, 17 of
      them were the most valuable (cytologic pattern of tumor, degree of polymorphism
      of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast, mitotic activity of cytotrophoblast, type of
      tumor growth, degree of blood vessel invasion, etc.). Individual prognosis can be
      established on the basis of said characteristics, using the Neuman-Pearson
      procedure. The reliability of individual prognosis made in the study reached 93%.

PMID- 3376458
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the histogenesis of dimorphous adenosquamous cell
      cancer of the esophagus].
AB  - The report discusses a comparison of the results of electron microscopic study of
      glandular-squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, normal mucous gland tissues
      of the same organ and those in reserve cell proliferation. Glandular-squamous
      cell cancer tissues were found to contain tumor squamous-epithelial cells,
      glandular cells with secretory grains inherent in the mucous glands proper of the
      esophagus as well as chimera cells revealing the ultrastructural characteristics
      of the two cellular type. Further support was obtained for the previously
      suggested view on the bipotent epithelium of ducts of the mucous glands proper as
      a source of glandular-squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 3376459
TI  - [Inactivation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in the liver of rats during
      administration of methylated DNA].
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of 6.5 mg of methylated DNA, O6-methylguanine
      concentration being 11.5% that of guanine, to 3 month-old noninbred male rats was
      followed by a 5-fold decrease in the activity of O6-alkylguanine-DNA
      alkyltransferase (AT) within the first hour. The said enzyme is responsible for
      DNA O6-alkylguanine repair and plays a key role in mutagenic, carcinogenic and
      cytostatic effects of some alkylating agents. Within 24 hours, AT activity
      returned to normal to be followed by a significant increase. A correlation
      between the degree of inhibition of AT activity and dose of methylated DNA was
      established. Untreated DNA did not produce an inhibitory effect.

PMID- 3376461
TI  - A Japanese family with two sisters apparently homozygous for Mk.
AB  - Two Japanese sisters with consanguineous parents have M-N- En(a-) Wr(a-b-) S-s-U-
      red cells and are therefore apparently homozygous for Mk; the third reported
      family with members of this genotype. The serum of the proposita (ORCMK)
      contained anti-EnaTS, anti-EnaFR and possibly anti-Wrb, whereas the serum of her
      MkMk sister contained no atypical antibodies. Total absence of sialoglycoproteins
      alpha and delta from red cell membranes of an Mk homozygote was demonstrated by
      lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination of accessible tyrosine residues with
      subsequent SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, and by use
      of a monoclonal antibody directed at the cytoplasmic portion of alpha
      sialoglycoprotein.

PMID- 3376460
TI  - A new platelet-specific alloantigen Bra. Report of 4 cases with neonatal
      alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Sera obtained from 4 mothers of children with neonatal alloimmune
      thrombocytopenia contained a platelet-specific alloantibody, anti-Bra, which
      defined an antigen apparently different from all known platelet alloantigens. All
      4 fathers were Bra positive, whereas all mothers were Bra negative. The minimal
      postnatal values of platelet counts ranged from 19 X 10(9) to 75 X 10(9)/1.
      Family studies showed that the Bra antigen is inherited as an autosomal,
      codominant trait. Its antigen frequency in the German population is 20% (21 of
      105 unrelated donors were positive). The estimated gene frequency is 0.11. The
      antibodies were identified by a glycoprotein-specific enzyme immunoassay using
      monoclonal antibodies for antigen immobilization, while they could not reliably
      be detected by binding assays employing whole platelets (platelet
      immunofluorescence, indirect competitive ELISA).

PMID- 3376462
TI  - Neonatal alloimmune amegakaryocytosis. Case report.
AB  - A case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia with amegakaryocytosis is
      described. The baby was treated by double-volume exchange transfusion with only a
      temporary benefit; 2 weeks of steroid treatment were unsuccessful but the
      platelet count did increase transiently after infusion of random donor platelets.
      The newborn recovered after intravenous immunoglobulin, with restoration of the
      megakaryocyte thrombocytopoiesis and platelet number. The rare antigen Koa on the
      paternal platelets and maternal immunization against it were detected.

PMID- 3376463
TI  - Considerations in the use of laboratory robots: aspects of safety and accuracy.
AB  - A general-purpose laboratory robot was configured to prepare blood samples for
      the HBsAg and anti-HIV tests. Several issues were studied in order to eliminate
      problems and optimize the system. These included pipetting accuracy, intersample
      carryover, reagent interference, splashing and aerosol generation and user
      related issues. A number of general guidelines were developed to assist others in
      developing and implementing systems for this and similar applications.

PMID- 3376464
TI  - Transfusion practices among anesthesiologists.

PMID- 3376465
TI  - The transfused population of Canterbury, New Zealand, and its mortality.
AB  - All 367 recipients and 1,385 donations transfused over a 40-day period were
      traced and compared by sex, age and discharge diagnosis with the 5,955 concurrent
      discharges from all general and obstetric hospitals in the area. 6% of discharged
      patients had been transfused. 21% of transfused patients were dead within 1 year,
      and at least 30% will die within 5 years. 228 donations of platelet concentrates
      were required for 7 recipients, 6 of whom died within 2 years. The mortality of
      blood recipients is overestimated if tracked from donors of multiple components.

PMID- 3376466
TI  - Evaluation of adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate after twenty-four
      hours in red cells washed for neonatal transfusion.
AB  - Adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in 14 U of CPDA
      1 stored red cells (PRBC) and washed red cells (WRBC) were measured to assess
      indirectly the quality of WRBC for neonatal transfusion after 24 h. The results
      indicate that there is no difference in red cell ATP and 2,3-DPG concentrations
      between PRBC and WRBC after a 24-hour period.

PMID- 3376467
TI  - An estimate of blood donor eligibility in the general population.
AB  - To estimate the number of adults medically eligible to donate blood, the percent
      of the general population over the age of 16 deferrable by 13 current American
      Red Cross donor guidelines was calculated using the best available United States
      data. Categories examined included age, weight, hematocrit, pregnancy, blood
      pressure, heart disease, diabetes requiring insulin, male homosexual activity
      since 1977, intravenous drug use, sexual partner of high-risk group member,
      recent transfusion, history of cancer, and other (medical, surgical, travel
      history). Sex-specific total eligibility rates were estimated by serial
      multiplication of individual eligibility rates (1.0 minus deferral rates) to
      account for the proportionate overlap of independent categories, with corrections
      for expected associations between categories. The resultant eligibility rates for
      women (57%) and men (70%) indicate fewer eligible donors than commonly stated.
      Surrogate testing (ALT, anti-HBc) for non-A, non-B hepatitis would further reduce
      the percent of eligible donors to 55 and 67%, respectively. Based on the actual
      numbers of women and men in the population, these calculations indicate that an
      equal number of women and men are medically eligible to donate.

PMID- 3376468
TI  - The declining incidence and changing epidemiologic pattern of tuberculosis, in
      West Virginia, 1960-1984.

PMID- 3376469
TI  - Dobutamine for myocardial depression in meningococcemia.

PMID- 3376470
TI  - Treatment of pruritus secondary to epidural morphine. Prophylactic vs PRN
      naloxone.

PMID- 3376472
TI  - Reflections on the Health Care Quality Improvement Act.

PMID- 3376473
TI  - Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council. Proceedings of the 33rd
      scientific meeting. April 13-16, 1988, Kingston, Jamaica. Abstracts.

PMID- 3376471
TI  - Molecular integrity of aspirin in relation to Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 3376474
TI  - [Treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias with an implantable cardioverter
      defibrillator system].
AB  - 5 patients (3 with coronary artery disease and chronic myocardial infarction, 2
      with dilatative cardiomyopathy) with a mean age of 59 years (range 54-69 years)
      with drug refractory ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation
      received the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD).
      Intraoperative testing revealed a mean defibrillation threshold of 13 +/- 2.7
      Joule. Over a mean follow-up period of 15.2 months (range 3-25 months) the
      patients received a total of 117 discharges. 15% of the delivered shocks were
      recorded during continuous ECG monitoring, 13% were associated with palpitations
      and 27% were discharged during syncope. 45% of shocks occurred in the absence of
      symptoms. No patient died suddenly. 1 patient died of intractable heart failure,
      1 patient died of septic shock. In carefully selected patients the automatic
      implantable cardioverter defibrillator is an effective tool in the treatment of
      life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Modifications of the device to
      incorporate programmability of the cut-off rate, the sensing criteria and the
      levels of shock energy, as well as the options for different pacing modes
      combined with memory functions are needed to improve antiarrhythmic strategies.

PMID- 3376476
TI  - [So-called minimal intervention in hallux valgus].
AB  - A comparison between isolated removal of the pseudoexostosis (Schede) and the
      combined procedure of proximal transfer of the adductor tendon added to
      pseudoexostosis removal proved the importance of dissection of the adductor, but
      failed to demonstrate any advantage of the transfer and shortening of this
      muscle. Neither procedure improved the metatarsal angle permanently. The hallux
      valgus angle showed a strong tendency of recurrence after the Schede procedure.
      Both procedures produced a high rate of subjective satisfaction of over 90%,
      notwithstanding the objective results.

PMID- 3376475
TI  - [Repair of the duodenal mucosa following acid damage. A protective mechanism as
      an approach to new therapeutic principles?].
AB  - Epithelial repair after luminal acid exposure was studied in the rabbit duodenum
      in vivo, HCl (200 mM for 30 min) caused uniform damage of the mucosa confined to
      the villi, 50% of the total villus height was affected by the acid-induced lesion
      in the proximal, and 70% in the distal duodenum. After demarcation and detachment
      of the necrotic tissue the defect was bridged by the remaining viable epithelial
      cells underneath a layer of mucus and necrotic debris (= necrotic layer). Mucosal
      repair resulted in a reduction of villus height by 62% in the proximal, and 77%
      in the distal duodenum. This process of mucosal repair progressed continuously,
      so that 9 hours after acid damage only 33% of villi in the proximal, and 41% in
      the distal duodenum were not yet fully restored, irrespective of luminal pH(pHL =
      7 or pHL = 3). The difference between proximal and distal duodenum is due to the
      higher acid susceptibility of the distal duodenum. Rapid epithelial repair of the
      duodenal mucosa in vivo provides an important protective mechanism against the
      aggression from luminal acid.

PMID- 3376477
TI  - [Electrophysiology of atrioventricular conduction with special reference to
      conduction disorders in patients with posterior wall infarct].

PMID- 3376478
TI  - [Measurements of radiocesium incorporation in 250 deceased patients who died
      within a year following Chernobyl].
AB  - Two months after the nuclear accident of Chernobyl, postmortem measurement of
      radiocaesium (137 Cs and 134 Cs) were started in different organs to study
      incorporation, organ distribution, and kinetics. 250 corpses were examined
      between July 1986 to August 1987 in the Department of pathology, St. Polten.
      Highest concentrations were found in skeletal muscles, with a median value of 2.3
      pCi/g wet weight (80-90% of the total incorporated dose), followed by liver,
      lung, spleen, kidneys, thyroid gland, heart, blood and brain, with values between
      0.8 and 1.3 pCi/g. No caesium was detectable in fatty tissue. During the
      observation period an increase in caesium concentration was observed in almost
      all organs. The concentration almost doubled within 10 months in skeletal
      muscles. Only the lung demonstrated a decrease in the radiocaesium concentration
      within the first months, which can be explained only by inhalation of
      radiocaesium. A statistically significantly higher caesium concentration in most
      organs was found in females as compared with males. A possible explanation is the
      known lower urinary caesium concentration in women. Statistically significant
      correlations were found between caesium concentration and nutritional status,
      presence of malignancy, and the most recent intravital serum creatinine value.

PMID- 3376479
TI  - [Presence of islands of fatty tissue in struma].
AB  - We examined 929 surgically obtained thyroid glands derived from 791 female and
      138 male patients and found intrathyroidal adipose tissue in 18 cases (1.94%).
      Only the thyroid glands of middle aged and older women (mean age 51 years) were
      affected, as well as in the case of follicular adenomas and nodular and diffuse
      hyperplasia. With respect to localization in the interstitial connective tissue,
      as well as between thyroid follicles, interstitial, parenchymatous and mixed
      types are proposed. In addition to sex and age there is a high correlation with
      obesity, which is suggestive of hormonal influences. Knowledge of the presence of
      intrathyroidal fat tissue is of interest to the pathologist since it may lead to
      erroneous interpretations of histological and cytological specimens of the
      thyroid gland. In conclusion, not one case of hypothyroidism was detected amongst
      the 18 cases investigated in this study.

PMID- 3376480
TI  - [Detection of a high-affinity prostaglandin I2 binding site in the human
      thyroid].
AB  - This study is concerned with the identification and the pharmacological
      properties of PGI2 receptor binding sites on human thyroid membrane fractions.
      Scatchard analysis is not linear, revealing a high- and a low-affinity receptor
      binding site. (3 H)Iloprost binding experiments were performed under various
      clinical conditions: in thyroid cancer the low-affinity binding sites disappear
      totally and the specific high-affinity binding sites are diminished according to
      the grade of differentiation of the cancer. An alteration in Bmax and Kd is also
      observed in cold nodules, in Hashimoto's and Riedl's thyroiditis and in
      hyperthyroidism, whereas hot nodules exhibit an increase in both the receptor
      subpopulations. The data provide evidence for specific PGI2 binding sites and
      support the suggestion of a direct regulatory key-role of PGI2 in thyroid
      intermediary metabolism.

PMID- 3376481
TI  - Neopterin as discriminating and prognostic parameter in healthy homosexuals, ARC
      and AIDS patients.

PMID- 3376482
TI  - [Differential diagnostic significance of C-reactive protein in
      meningoencephalitis].
AB  - The assessment of C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels is very specific and
      sensitive with respect to differential diagnosis between viral and bacterial
      meningoencephalitis. Its validity surpasses by far all other parameters having
      been in use up to now. We could prove this with an investigation comprising 43
      patients. It appears to be reasonable to include the assessment of CRP serum
      levels in the routine methods of neurological differential diagnostics. It is
      simple and offers a quick primary information as well as a regular evaluation of
      the effect of antibiotic therapy in the course of treatment.

PMID- 3376483
TI  - [Evaluation of drugs with questionable effectiveness and so-called natural
      preparations in oncology by patients. Results of a survey].
AB  - In a questionnaire with 295 out-patients with gynecological cancers 51% had
      undergone paramedical treatment. This medication was given additionally to
      traditional treatment. The effect of paramedical proceedings was supposed to be
      good in most of the patients.

PMID- 3376484
TI  - Local area monitoring (LAM).
AB  - Routine surveillance of the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases has not
      proved sensitive enough to demonstrate the impact of the Expanded Programme on
      Immunization (EPI) in many countries. In order to document progress since the
      start of the EPI in 1979, data are needed for several years prior to that. In
      most developing countries these can be found only in major cities or large
      hospitals. Therefore a system of sentinel surveillance, the Local Area Monitoring
      Project (LAM), is being set up in selected institutions in the major cities of
      the developing world. The goal is to include the major city of each of the 25
      largest developing countries, with a total population of 115 million. These 25
      countries together account for 85% of all births in the developing world. In some
      cases the city was selected because it had an excellent municipal reporting
      system. For example, the Istanbul Health Office collects data from 169 hospitals,
      primary health centres, maternal and child health clinics and other institutions,
      and provides compiled municipal figures within six weeks. The trend of measles
      cases seen at the Children's Hospital exactly matches the trend for the city as a
      whole, indicating that for measles, at least, the Children's Hospital is an
      excellent sentinel site representative of the whole city. Manila has a hospital
      to which all cases of infectious disease are routinely referred, which is also a
      good sentinel site. In Rangoon it has been necessary to survey four hospitals,
      and in Jakarta seven, to cover all the target diseases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3376485
TI  - Epidemiological approaches to health planning, management and evaluation.
AB  - The promotion of health and the prevention of disease depend to a large extent on
      the good planning and management of health programmes. Good planning and
      management in turn depend on the availability of reliable, accurate and timely
      information about the health situation. All countries have institution-based
      systems for the collection of routine information about health-services delivery.
      Many countries also use surveys to obtain information about other aspects of the
      health situation. This issue of the World health statistics quarterly describes
      two types of surveillance which may be used to supplement (or compensate for the
      absence of) nationwide routine systems or surveys, and a method for evaluating
      surveillance systems. It also includes articles on the International
      Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death (ICD) and the International Health
      Regulations (IHR) in relation to their use for planning and management. Two
      alternative surveillance systems are described. One uses institution- or city
      based records of incidence of target diseases of the Expanded Programme on
      Immunization (EPI) in a number of developing countries to determine the impact of
      minimization on the reduction of disease. In this article, some additional
      background material is reviewed on sentinel hospitals and cities in India,
      Bangladesh, Turkey, Malawi and United Republic of Tanzania. The other system is
      based on district-level household surveys of mortality, morbidity and nutrition
      related indicators in Kerala State (India) carried out by trained local personnel
      who live in the districts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376486
TI  - Community-based health reporting.
AB  - A development monitoring service at the local level was established in 1978/79 in
      several communities in Kerala State (India) to collect socioeconomic and health
      related data. These were collected from key community members and by household
      surveys using paid local staff as interviewers. Selected results for five years
      from three geographically distinct areas are presented, for three categories of
      data: health service infrastructure, infant mortality and overall morbidity, and
      weight and height of children under 10 years old. The three areas were a fishing
      village (A), a relatively remote highland community (B) and an agricultural area
      close to the state capital (C). During the five-year period there were rather
      modest improvements in the delivery of health and other services. Infant
      mortality rates fluctuated between 14 and 91 per 1,000 live births, reflecting
      the fact that the sample size (10,000 to around 25,000 for each area) was
      inadequate for calculating that rate. Morbidity rates also fluctuated markedly,
      without showing any definite trend. However, morbidity was defined as illness
      resulting in the inability to carry out normal activities, thus excluding cases
      of worm infestation and much diarrhoea, for example. A detailed analysis of
      reported symptoms for one year showed that respiratory tract diseases accounted
      for about half the cases of illness reported. The percentage of children with
      abnormally low weight- or height-for-age fell markedly in one area over three
      successive years (height-for-age from 41.6% to 33.2%, weight-for-age from 58.5%
      to 44.7%), but were significantly greater in another area with a higher average
      income, indicating that economic factors alone were not responsible for the
      improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376487
TI  - International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems.
      Tenth revision.
AB  - The International Classification of Diseases has, under various names, been for
      many decades the essential tool for national and international comparability in
      public health. This statistical tool has been customarily revised every 10 years
      in order to keep up with the advances of medicine. At first intended primarily
      for the classification of causes of death, its scope has been progressively
      widening to include coding and tabulation of causes of morbidity as well as
      medical record indexing and retrieval. The ability to exchange comparable data
      from region to region and from country to country, to allow comparison from one
      population to another and to permit study of diseases over long periods, is one
      of the strengths of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases,
      Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD). WHO has been responsible for the
      organization, coordination and execution of activities related to ICD since 1948
      (Sixth Revision of the ICD) and is now proceeding with the Tenth Revision. For
      the first time in its history the ICD will be based on an alphanumeric coding
      scheme and will have to function as a core classification from which a series of
      modules can be derived, each reaching a different degree of specificity and
      adapted to a particular specialty or type of user. It is proposed that the
      chapters on external causes of injury and poisoning, and factors influencing
      health status and contact with health services, which were supplementary
      classifications in ICD-9, should form an integral part of ICD-10. The title of
      ICD has been amended to "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and
      Related Health Problems"', but the abbreviation "ICD" will be retained.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376488
TI  - [International health regulations--evaluation and trends].
AB  - The current International Health Regulations (IHR) were adopted by the Twenty
      second World Health Assembly in 1969 and amended in 1973 and 1981. They are a
      revised and consolidated version of the International Sanitary Regulations which
      were adopted by the Fourth World Health Assembly in 1951, themselves based on the
      previous International Sanitary Conventions. The purpose of the IHR is to ensure
      maximum security against the international spread of diseases with a minimum
      interference to world traffic. Over the years the IHR included cholera, yellow
      fever, plague, smallpox, typhus and relapsing fever, and then dropped the last
      three as a result of the global eradication of smallpox and the decline of typhus
      and relapsing fever as international threats. The IHR have played and still play
      an important part with respect to the diseases for which they were drawn up. The
      international spread of yellow fever has been contained by the application of a
      highly effective vaccine to travellers, and of plague by the inspection of ships
      and aircrafts for rats, and improvements in the design of air and sea cargo
      carriers to make them increasingly uninhabitable for rats. The role of the IHR
      was questioned as far as smallpox and cholera are concerned by arguing that
      smallpox was eradicated by rigorous national local vaccination programmes and
      cholera must be defeated by improved environmental sanitation. However, one must
      not lose sight of the fact that an important element of the IHR is the obligation
      to notify cases of the diseases listed, together with as much epidemiological
      information as possible, in order to permit other countries to take appropriate
      action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376489
TI  - Sociological and medical aspects of nutrition.

PMID- 3376490
TI  - Feeding practices in Colombia. Analysis of a national household survey (DANE, DNP
      PAN, 1981).

PMID- 3376491
TI  - Identification of metabolic pathways of pindolol and fluperlapine in adult human
      hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - 1. Adult human hepatocytes were obtained from a normal donor and a barbiturate
      overdose fatality and maintained either in pure culture or in co-culture with rat
      liver epithelial cells. At varying times of culture, metabolic pathways of
      pindolol and fluperlapine, two drugs which are transformed at different rates and
      routes in man and rat, were determined after a 24 h incubation. 2. In both
      culture conditions, human hepatocytes remained able to form the major urinary
      metabolites of pindolol and fluperlapine, including oxidized products,
      glucuronide and sulphate conjugates over the whole period studied (i.e. 5 and 21
      days in pure and co-culture respectively). 3. Fluperlapine which has the higher
      first pass in man and animals was found to be metabolized in vitro more quickly
      than pindolol. 4. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were found
      between normal and drug-altered human hepatocytes, indicating that in vivo
      environmental factors may greatly influence metabolic properties of these cells
      even after several days in culture.

PMID- 3376492
TI  - Identification and quantitation in human liver of cytochromes P-450 analogous to
      rabbit cytochromes P-450 forms 4 and 6.
AB  - 1. Polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes
      form 4 and 6 have been used to probe human liver microsomes for analogous
      proteins using the Western blot technique. 2. Anti-Form 4 IgG recognized a
      protein in human liver microsomes from six subjects of identical molecular weight
      to purified rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 Form 4. 3. The equivalent content of
      cytochrome P-450 Form 4 in the same microsomes ranged from 1.1 to 9.1 pmol per mg
      protein. 4. Anti-Form 6 IgG recognized a protein in human liver microsomes from
      the same six subjects of slightly higher molecular weight than purified rabbit
      cytochrome P-450 Form 6. 5. The equivalent content of cytochrome P-450 Form 6 in
      the above microsomes ranged from 1.6 to 3.8 pmol per mg protein. 6. No
      significant correlations were observed between equivalent cytochrome P-450 Forms
      4 and 6 content and 2-acetylaminofluorene N-hydroxylase, aminopyrine N
      demethylase, benzyprene and aniline hydroxylase activities in liver microsomes
      from the six subjects tested.

PMID- 3376493
TI  - Oxidation of nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, to the
      corresponding pyridine by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - 1. The oxidation of nilvadipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, by rat liver
      microsomes and sex-related differences in this activity were investigated. 2. The
      kinetic data (Km and Vmax) for the formation of the corresponding pyridine
      analogue by liver microsomes from adult male rat (7 weeks old) were similar to
      those for the disappearance of nilvadipine, indicating that the aromatization of
      nilvadipine is the primary metabolic step. 3. The formation of the pyridine
      analogue required the presence of NADPH-generating system and was significantly
      inhibited by cytochrome c, metyrapone, and 7,8-benzoflavone, indicating the
      participation of cytochrome P-450. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rats caused an
      increase in the metabolism of nilvadipine. 4. Nilvadipine oxidase activity in
      adult male rat was about 10 times higher than that in adult female rat. In
      contrast, marked sex-related differences were not seen in immature rat (21 days
      old), and the activity was approximately twice as high as that in adult female
      rat. No activity was detected in the postmitochondrial fractions of lung, kidney,
      brain, heart, pancreas or small intestine of adult male rat.

PMID- 3376494
TI  - Metabolism of aromatic plant ketones in rats: acetovanillone and paeonol.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of the plant ketones acetovanillone (4-hydroxy-3
      methoxyacetophenone) and paeonol (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone), was studied
      in rats. Identification and quantification of metabolites was carried out by
      g.l.c.-mass spectometry and g.l.c., respectively, following intragastric doses of
      1 mmol/kg. 2. Acetovanillone was rapidly excreted in the urine, mainly unchanged
      but also as the demethylated compound and three ring-hydroxylated metabolites.
      Minor additional metabolic pathways produced the para-methoxy derivative,
      acetoisovanillone, a dimethoxy-hydroxy derivative and two 1-phenylethanol
      derivatives formed by ketone reduction of acetovanillone and 3,4
      dihydroxyacetophenone. 3. Paeonol was metabolized more extensively and larger
      amounts of the demethylated (resacetophenone) and hydroxylated (mainly 2,5
      dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone and a trihydroxyacetophenone) metabolites were
      excreted. Paeonol was not found to undergo ketone reduction, however, small
      amounts of the hydroxymethyl derivative formed by omega-oxidation were detected.
      4. The metabolites were excreted mainly as glucuronide and/or sulphate
      conjugates. Faecal recoveries of metabolites were very small and the urinary
      excretion (48 h) was 97% (acetovanillone) and 61% (paeonol).

PMID- 3376495
TI  - The metabolism of 35S-D-penicillamine in man.
AB  - 1. The excretion and metabolism of 35S-D-penicillamine (200 mg orally) was
      studied in four healthy male volunteers. 2. The major route of excretion was the
      urine with 82% of the administered dose being voided over three days (73% during
      the first 24 h); the remainder was excreted in the faeces. 3. Metabolism occurred
      via the pathways of S-methylation, N-acetylation and disulphide formation.
      Extensive degradation of the molecule was observed with the production of large
      amounts of inorganic sulphate.

PMID- 3376496
TI  - [Aspects of healthy and pathologically changed laryngeal epithelium in a model.
      2].
AB  - Atrophy of laryngeal epithel at aged men can in model according to the literature
      lead back on prolongation of mitosis cycles. An increasing tendency of
      cornification and decreasing formation of pegs in range of basilar membrane are
      also demonstrable. Formation and development of a tumor instance a pathological
      evolution of tissue in model.

PMID- 3376497
TI  - [Indications for vascular surgery interventions in cerebrovascular disorders].

PMID- 3376498
TI  - [Selected social medicine problems of the diabetic patient].
AB  - Corresponding publications above all consider social medical problems of the
      diabetic, which still is in occupation. As more than the half of all diabetics
      are recipients of pension, we have to engage in them, too. We examined 1397
      diabetics. 72% of them were able to get alone in the consulting hour. The rest
      (28%) had a significantly longer duration of illness and were disabled workers
      very often. We refer to the insufficient insulin therapy in old diabetics. We
      demonstrate possibilities for enforcement of the insulin injection.

PMID- 3376499
TI  - [The record book of a general nursing station--a reflection of daily
      interventions?].
AB  - There were analyzed report books of three nursing stations to win starting points
      for a milieu therapeutical reform. The methodical inventory included the analysis
      of the contents as well as rules of functional-communicating linguistic
      description. The qualitative analysis showed that most texts should be classified
      as texts of the class 'inform'. The members of the staff fall back upon the
      emotional report in problematical daily situations. The quantitative analysis of
      the dates showed the tendency for describing live at the nursing stations in the
      report books with routine notes. In cases the text included a statement there was
      dominating the medical-careful contents. Social stiking behavior of the
      inhabitants is more documented as an observation of there global rights and
      duties or individual and/or social useful activities. An improvement of this
      situation is possible if the state of affairs is not only told but based too and
      if the consequences are fixed. The script-approach by SCHANK and ABELSON should
      be tested for it's usefulness to improve the reports. Isolate requirements must
      be embed in a general conscions processing of social informations.

PMID- 3376500
TI  - [Chemical and toxicologic studies of native corn in flour and bread].
AB  - During the bread-baking process, total alkaloid content is reduced by about 50%,
      the pharmacologically active alkaloids (the '-in' types) being reduced to a much
      greater extent than the less active type ('-inin' type). Using ergotamin and
      ergokryptin as a basis, total alkaloid levels were calculated from the HPLC data;
      these results were in a good agreement with the total alkaloid content calculated
      from 13 individual ergot alkaloids. The changes in the alkaloid spectrum caused
      by pelletin are shown. In feeding experiments with growing, pregnant, and
      lactating mice, diets with 0%, 1% and 2% unbaked (MM) or baked (MB) rye ergot
      were compared for possible toxic effects on reproduction, using animals fed ad
      libitum or pair-fed controls. A mean ingestion of 3.6 mg of alkaloids/kg body
      weight per day (MM 2%) was maternally toxic and caused inhibition of conception
      and implantation. Feeding with 1.3 or 1.6 mg of alkaloids/kg body weight per day
      (MM 1% and MB 2%) during pregnancy had no significant toxic effect on the embryo
      or fetus, but resulted in gestation time being prolonged to about 10 h. During
      lactation, an intake of 2.9 and 3.0 mg of alkaloids/kg body weight per day (MM 1%
      and MB 2%) led to a considerable reduction in growth (up to 50%) in the young
      mice compared to the control animals fed ad libitum. Both the determination of
      total ergot alkaloid content and the feeding experiment indicate that the bread
      baking process causes a reduction and consequently a detoxification of ergot
      alkaloids of about 50%.

PMID- 3376501
TI  - [Phospholipids as emulsifiers in fat emulsions--effect on phospholipids in the
      serum lipoprotein fraction d greater than 1.063].
AB  - Fat emulsions for parenteral nutrition contain phospholipids of different
      quantity and quality. They are substrates of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase
      (LCAT). Two fat emulsions commonly used in parenteral nutrition with different
      emulsifiers (Intralipid 10%, emulsified with egg phospholipid, and Lipofundin S
      10%, emulsified with soya phospholipid) were infused into six healthy volunteers.
      The products of the LCAT reaction were determined in serum lipoprotein fraction d
      greater than 1.063. Lecithin (16%) as well as lysolecithin (30%) increased by the
      same amount during a 4-h infusion of each fat emulsion. The concentrations of
      lecithin and lysolecithin were still within normal ranges after infusion. The
      percentage of linoleic acid in cholesterol esters in d greater than 1.063
      fraction remained unchanged during infusion of soya phospholipids and decreased
      5% during infusion of egg phospholipids. The results indicate an equal LCAT
      activation by both fat emulsions in man.

PMID- 3376502
TI  - [Protein digestibility of 15N-labeled wheat bran and its transit time through the
      digestive tract of the human].
AB  - Six healthy human subjects were given 15N-labelled wheat bran in addition to a
      normal diet. The apparent digestibility of 15N was 84%. The gastrointestinal
      transit time varied between 25 and 35 h.

PMID- 3376503
TI  - [Effect of germination on protein quality of wheat and mung beans--studies of
      nitrogen balance in growing rats].
AB  - The bioavailability of limiting amino acids (lysine, cystine and methionine),
      which are formed during the germination of wheat and mung beans, was assessed in
      nitrogen balance trials on growing rats. In addition, the influence of heat
      treatment on the protein nutritional value of wheat and mung beans was
      determined. Compared to ungerminated wheat, net protein utilization (NPU) and
      biological value (BV) increased from 30% and 36% to 41% and 52%, respectively.
      Apparent protein digestibility (PD) decreased from 82% to 79% during 4 day
      germination. Heat treatment improved PD from 82% to 85% in ungerminated wheat,
      but not during germination. NPU and BV were not changed by heat treatment.
      Feeding germinated mung beans caused a markedly reduced feed intake by the
      animals, which made it impossible to evaluate changes in protein nutritional
      value during germination. Heat treatment of ungerminated mung beans improved PD,
      NPU and BV from 77%, 38% and 49% to 81%, 48% and 60%, respectively. The results
      indicate that the amino acids, in particular lysine, which are formed in
      germinating wheat, are available to the rat. Heat treatment will improve
      considerably the protein nutritional value of ungerminated mung beans.

PMID- 3376504
TI  - [Staphylococcal endocarditis in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome].
AB  - A girl, aged 13 8/12 years, in whom has been known a syndrome of the mitral valve
      prolapse since the 10th year of age, fell ill with an acute endocarditis by
      staphylococcus aureus. As the therapy with antibiotics remained without any
      effects and due to an early embolic dispersion including the brain an operative
      approach was no more possible death occurred. The pathologic-anatomical
      investigations resulted in a distinct ulceropolypous endocarditis of the mitral
      valve. At the instance of this case report the most important facts nowadays
      known about the relation between the syndrome of mitral valve prolapse and
      endocarditis are summed up.

PMID- 3376505
TI  - [Differentiation of stress-induced hyperglycemia from diabetes mellitus in
      cerebrovascular strokes by hemoglobin A1 determination].
AB  - The author observed high sugar level in 22 patients who had cerebrovascular
      diseases (cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction). They tried to diagnose
      the cause of the increased sugar level with HbA1 test after the registration of
      the patients to the hospital within 24-48 hours. They found normal, less than 8%
      HbA1 concentration in 12 patients, increased, more than 8% values in 10 cases.
      They made oral glucose tolerance test in 19 survived patients after the acute
      symptoms had finished. The oral glucose tolerance test with increased HbA1
      concentration showed in 5 patients diabetes, in 3 cases impaired glucose
      tolerance. The author observed from all hyperglycemic patients with low HbA1
      level only 2 cases impaired glucose tolerance. Hyperglycemia with increased HbA1
      concentration indicates previous carbohydrate intolerance.

PMID- 3376507
TI  - [Methodology and organization of a laboratory diagnostic study program within the
      scope of epidemiologic cardiovascular studies exemplified by the Berlin EMBO-Cor
      research project].
AB  - With reference to the high prevalence of heart and vessel disease and the
      necessity of its early detection procedure and consideration concerning a
      laboratory-diagnostic program within the framework of the follow-up examination
      after x-ray screening (research project EBMO-Cor Berlin) in special consideration
      of efficient methods within the territorial Public Health are depicted and also
      conclusions for similar epidemiological examinations and for practice are
      formulated.

PMID- 3376506
TI  - [Diagnostic value of lipids and apolipoproteins for assessment of atherogenic
      risk].
AB  - In 242 coronarographed male patients (51.7 +/- 7.6 years) with 0-, 1-, 2- or 3
      vessel diseases as well as a clinically healthy control group (n = 68, 50.6 +/-
      8.5 years) the lipoprotein pattern was investigated: total-, LDL-, HDL-, HDL2-,
      HDL3-, beta-, pre-beta-alpha-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins (Apo) A
      I, A-II, B, (A-I)HDL, Lp(a). With regard to the separation of patients with
      diseases of the coronary vessels and healthy persons out of the individual
      parameters Apo A-I (turbidimetrically), HDL3 and HDL cholesterol had the greatest
      significance (maximal diagnostic efficiency: 0.81, 0.76, 0.72). For the
      assessment of the severity of the change of the coronary vessels the quotient
      total/HDL cholesterol was most suitable (efficiency: 0.67). Differences in the
      diagnostic significance were established in the determination of a parameter by
      means of different methods. The intake of beta-receptor blockers increased the
      concentration of the triglycerides and pre-beta-cholesterol.

PMID- 3376508
TI  - [Unusual finding of rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart].
AB  - A report is given on a 67-year-old man with a monstrous rhabdomyosarcoma of the
      heart which was found at autopsy. This is a very rare finding, especially the
      size of the tumour is impressive. The differential diagnosis and difficulties of
      clinical diagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 3376509
TI  - [Pemphigus vulgaris with involvement of duodenum and colon].
AB  - Pemphigus vulgaris should be numbered among the many causes of gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage. In our present case, the lesions of the intestinal mucosa occurred
      some time before those of the oral mucous membranes which finally led to the
      diagnosis. At the beginning of our century, the possibility of intestinal
      involvement in pemphigus vulgaris was well-known among dermatologists. We suggest
      that patients with pemphigus vulgaris should be endoscopically examined in order
      to confirm the clinical observations made in former times by modern scientific
      methods.

PMID- 3376510
TI  - [Sclerodermia progressiva in mother and daughter].
AB  - We report on 2 patients (mother and daughter) suffering from systemic sclerosis
      (SP) which could be proved clinically, histologically, and immunologically.
      Investigations on the mother revealed the following HLA antigens: A-2, A-24, B-8,
      B-12, C-2, and C-4; regarding the daughter we found A-2, A-24, B-12, B-18, DR-1,
      and DR-2.

PMID- 3376511
TI  - [31-P-spectroscopy as a method for studying biochemical changes in skin tumors:
      exemplified by malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma].
AB  - We report on the basic principles concerning in vivo P-31 MR spectroscopy and
      give a short review of the corresponding studies on skin tumors described in the
      literature. Malignant melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma are both characterized
      by high concentrations of phosphomonoester and phosphodiester. By means of the P
      31 spectroscopy technique, we are able to detect changes regarding the tumor
      metabolism as a response to chemotherapy, irradiation, or biological immune
      modifiers (e.g. interferon).

PMID- 3376512
TI  - [Basal cell nevus syndrome with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx].
AB  - We report on a 54-year-old patient suffering from basal cell nevus syndrome. At
      the age of 51, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx had been diagnosed. The
      frequent occurrence of various kinds of benign and malignant neoplasms in
      patients with basal cell nevus syndrome illustrates the close relationship
      between this syndrome and phacomatoses.

PMID- 3376513
TI  - [Hypereosinophilic dermatitis (Nir-Westfried). A variant in the spectrum of the
      hypereosinophilia syndrome].
AB  - Hypereosinophilic dermatitis represents a clinically distinct disorder in the
      spectrum of eosinophilic dermatoses. Its major clinical symptoms include
      pruriginous papular skin eruptions associated with blood eosinophilia.
      Histological examination reveals a diffuse, dense infiltration with eosinophils.
      We discuss the clinical picture, differential diagnosis, and therapy in the light
      of two cases.

PMID- 3376514
TI  - [Ketoconazole as an inhibitor of steroid synthesis].

PMID- 3376515
TI  - [Therapy of alopecia areata with diphenylcyclopropenone].
AB  - With special regard to practical aspects, we discuss the treatment of alopecia
      areata by topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone. Out of 27 patients
      treated this way, 10 patients showed good and cosmetically acceptable regrowth of
      terminal hair; 11 patients showed some regrowth, which was not satisfactory,
      however, for cosmetic reasons; 6 patients developed no hair growth at all. The
      complete failure of treatment in the latter cases may possibly be due to the long
      duration of the alopecia.

PMID- 3376516
TI  - Apomorphine and haloperidol influence electric behaviour of a mormyrid fish.
AB  - The electric behaviour of the mormyrid Gnathonemus petersii is changed by
      dopaminergic drugs applied to the aquarium water. The upper limit of the
      interpuls interval distributions is significantly shifted to shorter intervals by
      apomorphine-HCl (.082 - .328 mg/ml), and to longer intervals by haloperidol (.041
      - .164 mg/ml). The effect of apomorphine is antagonized by haloperidol. Probably,
      a dopamine system is involved in the neural control of the electric organ.

PMID- 3376517
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the androgen receptor of murine preputial
      gland.
AB  - The androgen receptor of murine preputial gland showed in binding experiments a
      biphasic saturation curve and a biphasic Scatchard plot. The receptor converted
      from an 8.5-9 S form to a 4.5-5 S form in high ionic strength buffer. The
      apparent dissociation constant was KD 0.5 +/- 0.2 nM for the 8.5-9 S receptor
      form. A 6.5-7 S receptor form could be detected in some experiments. The ligand
      specificity was evaluated by competition experiments: testosterone greater than
      androstenedione greater than dihydrotestosterone greater than androstanediol
      greater than estradiol greater than progesterone greater than dexamethasone. The
      receptor of murine preputial gland was less stable than the androgen receptor of
      skeletal muscle of the same mice.

PMID- 3376518
TI  - Degree of saturation of blood plasma in vertebrates with octocalcium phosphate.
AB  - In previous papers it has been shown that octocalcium phospate OCP occurs in bone
      mineral of vertebrates. Although this compound is not stable, there is a
      continuous new-formation of OCP due to bone turnover. Literature data of the
      calcium and phosphate concentrations in the blood plasma of vertebrates were
      collected and the degree of saturation with OCP was calculated. The results show
      that blood plasma of vertebrates is almost saturated with OCP. This fact
      indicates that OCP is the solubility controlling phase in the mineral of
      vertebrates. Further it verifies the expectation based on physicochemical theory
      that the interaction between body fluids and bone mineral is important in the
      calcium and phosphate homeostasis.

PMID- 3376520
TI  - [Scientific reviews and communications based on the proceedings of the 2d Soviet
      Swedish symposium on experimental and clinical microcirculation studies. Moscow
      Leningrad, November 16-23, 1986].

PMID- 3376519
TI  - The complete amino acid sequences of the B800-850 antenna polypeptides from
      Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7750.
AB  - Spectrally pure B800-850 light harvesting complexes of Rhodopseudomonas
      acidophila 7750 were prepared by chromatography of LDAO-solubilised
      photosynthetic membranes on Whatmann DE-52 ion exchange resin. Two low molecular
      mass polypeptides (alpha, beta) have been isolated by organic solvent extraction
      of the lyophilised B800-850 light harvesting complexes. Their primary structures
      were determined by liquid phase sequencer runs, by the sequence analyses of C
      terminal o-iodosobenzoic acid fragments, by hydrazinolysis and by
      carboxypeptidase degradation. B800-850 alpha consists of 53 amino acids and is
      45.3% and 50.9% homologous to the B800-850-alpha antenna polypeptides of
      Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulatus, respectively. The second very
      short polypeptide (B800-850-beta, 41 amino acids) is 61.0% and 56.1% homologous
      to the corresponding polypeptides of Rb. sphaeroides and Rb. capsulatus. The
      molar ratio of the two polypeptides is about 1:1. Both polypeptides show a
      hydrophilic N-terminal domain, a very hydrophobic central domain and a short C
      terminal domain. In both polypeptides the typical His residues, identified in all
      antenna polypeptides of purple nonsulphur bacteria as possible
      bacteriochlorophyll binding sites, were found.

PMID- 3376521
TI  - [Obzidan modification of the reaction of the cerebral arterioles to bilateral
      occlusion of the common carotid arteries].

PMID- 3376522
TI  - [Microhemodynamics in experimental ischemia].

PMID- 3376523
TI  - [Changes in the microcirculatory bed of rat skeletal muscles in chronic regional
      arterial hypotension].

PMID- 3376524
TI  - [Disorders in the microcirculatory system in experimental dyslipoproteinemia].

PMID- 3376525
TI  - [The organization and transport properties of microvascular endothelium].

PMID- 3376527
TI  - [Causes of increased vulnerability of areas of adjacent cerebral blood supply in
      an acute elevation of the arterial pressure].

PMID- 3376526
TI  - [Microhemodynamics and microvascular permeability under stress].

PMID- 3376528
TI  - [Evidence for the regulation of macromolecular permeability in the postcapillary
      venules by mediation of the endothelial cells].

PMID- 3376530
TI  - [Automation of the analysis of surface cardiac signals for controlling heart
      rhythm].

PMID- 3376529
TI  - [Use of laser radiation for research on the resistance of vessels to thrombosis].

PMID- 3376531
TI  - [On the problem of terminology: diffuse neurodermatitis or atopic dermatitis?].

PMID- 3376532
TI  - [Prospects of using antioxidants in PUVA therapy of psoriasis].

PMID- 3376533
TI  - [Absorption cytophotometry of DNA in the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma of slow
      neoplastic development].

PMID- 3376534
TI  - [The dynamics of changes in the cellular composition of dermal infiltrates and
      its immunomorphological characteristics in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 3376535
TI  - [Characteristics of epidemiology and clinical features of Microsporum canis
      infection].

PMID- 3376536
TI  - [Incidence and titer of Ureaplasma in infertile men].

PMID- 3376537
TI  - [Experience with conducting advanced training courses in syphilology].

PMID- 3376538
TI  - [Principles of the current therapy of malignant lymphomas of the skin (mycosis
      fungoides, primary reticulosis, reticulosarcomatosis of the skin) and Kaposi's
      sarcoma].

PMID- 3376539
TI  - [Results of a questionnaire response of specialists with regard to disputable
      problems of the treatment and prevention of syphilis].

PMID- 3376541
TI  - [Genital elephantiasis in men as a complication of chronic furunculosis].

PMID- 3376540
TI  - [Characteristics of anti-venereal propaganda among high-risk persons].

PMID- 3376542
TI  - [Familial white sponge nevus of the mucosa].

PMID- 3376543
TI  - [Treatment of leukoplakia of the oral mucosa and lips by cryosurgery].

PMID- 3376544
TI  - [Functional activity of neutropenia in patients with ulcerative forms of chronic
      pyoderma].

PMID- 3376545
TI  - [Lesion of the scalp in scleroderma].

PMID- 3376546
TI  - [Clinical features and value of dermatoglyphic studies in Osler-Rendu disease].

PMID- 3376547
TI  - [Cryosurgery in the treatment of dermatoses in children and adults].

PMID- 3376548
TI  - [Tumor-like variant of Pringle-Bourneville disease complicated by secondary
      candidal granuloma].

PMID- 3376549
TI  - [Treatment of epididymitis in infertile men with urogenital Chlamydia infection].

PMID- 3376550
TI  - Uptake of porcine parvovirus into host and nonhost cells suggests host
      specificity is determined by intracellular factors.
AB  - The uptake of porcine parvovirus (PPV) into host cells, permissive or
      nonpermissive for PPV replication, was monitored by autoradiography,
      immunofluorescent microscopy, and dual parameter flow cytometry. While both
      permissive and nonpermissive cells selectively took up the light (activated) form
      of the virus from a mixed population of heavy and light infectious virions, the
      virus was only replicated in the permissive cell cultures. Transfection of
      permissive and nonpermissive cells with purified PPV genome was only successful
      with the permissive host cells. These results suggest that the restriction of PPV
      to certain host cells is the result of intracellular events rather than selective
      binding of virus to the host cell surface.

PMID- 3376551
TI  - In vitro infection of primary cultures of cryopreserved adult human hepatocytes
      with hepatitis B virus.
AB  - Infection with HBeAg and HBV DNA positive serum in primary cultures of
      cryopreserved human hepatocytes in the presence of human whole blood in the
      medium was performed in 8 consecutive experiments. HBsAg and HBV DNA release into
      the medium was increased in the second week after infection. Via immunostaining,
      HBcAg was first observed in the nucleus of hepatocytes approximately 3 days after
      infection. A maximal percentage of HBcAg positive cells in 0.1% of cultured
      hepatocytes was detected on the 7th day. HBsAg was also first demonstrated on the
      3rd day, and predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. About 5% of hepatocytes
      were HBsAg positive on the 12th day after infection. The percentage of positive
      cells did not appear to increase after this time. Using in situ cytohybridization
      and agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis, HBV DNA was first
      detected on the 4th day. In addition, electron microscopic studies revealed the
      presence of 42 nm virus-like particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells in the
      second week after infection. This in vitro system provides a model for studying
      the mechanism of HBV infection, viral replication and maturation. However,
      further improvement of culture systems is needed, to increase the number of
      infected cells and for active HBV replication.

PMID- 3376552
TI  - Temporal regulation of bovine coronavirus RNA synthesis.
AB  - The structure and synthesis of bovine coronavirus (BCV)-specific intracellular
      RNA were studied. A genome-size RNA and seven subgenomic RNAs with molecular
      weights of approximately 3.3 X 10(6), 3.1 X 10(6), 2.6 X 10(6), 1.1 X 10(6), 1.0
      X 10(6), 0.8 X 10(6) and 0.6 X 10(6) were detected. Comparisons of BCV
      intracellular RNAs with those of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) demonstrated the
      presence of an additional RNA for BCV, species 2a, of 3.1 X 10(6) daltons. BCV
      RNAs contain a nested-set structure similar to that of other coronaviruses. This
      nested-set structure would suggest that the new RNA has a capacity to encode a
      protein of approximately 430 amino acids. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the
      synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs and genomic RNA are differentially regulated. At 4
      to 8 h post-infection (p.i.), subgenomic RNAs are synthesized at a maximal rate
      and represent greater than 90% of the total viral RNA synthesized, whereas genome
      size RNA accounts for only 7%. Later in infection, at 70 to 72 h p.i., genome
      size RNA is much more abundant and accounts for 88% of total RNA synthesized.
      Immunoprecipitations of [35S]methionine-pulse-labeled viral proteins demonstrated
      that viral protein synthesis occurs early in the infection, concurrent with the
      peak of viral subgenomic RNA synthesis. Western blot analysis suggests that these
      proteins are stable since the proteins are present at high level as late as 70 to
      72 h p.i. The kinetics of production of virus particles coincides with the
      synthesis of genomic RNA. These studies thus indicate that there is a
      differential temporal regulation of the synthesis of genomic RNA and subgenomic
      mRNAs, and that the synthesis of genomic RNA is the rate-limiting step regulating
      the production of virus particles.

PMID- 3376553
TI  - [Conditioned reflex activity of pigeons as affected by an infra-low frequency
      alternating magnetic field].
AB  - In experiments on 35 pigeons formation and realization was studied of alimentary
      motor conditioned reflexes under the influence of alternating magnetic field
      (AMF) with a frequency of 5 and 8 Hz and induction 5100 nTl. It has been found
      that under the action of such AMF, the percent of adequate responses lowers and
      the time of motor reaction during execution of motor alimentary conditioned
      reflexes and of delayed reactions increases. Realization of delayed reactions is
      disturbed more significantly than that of the present conditioned reflexes. AMF
      with a frequency of 8 Hz influences more expressively the pigeons conditioned
      activity in comparison with 5 Hz frequency.

PMID- 3376554
TI  - [Role of the temporal neocortex in the mechanisms of spatial hearing at different
      stages in the ontogenesis of cats].
AB  - Significance of the temporal (AI, AII, Ep, IT) cortical areas for localization of
      acoustic stimuli sources of various parameters (tones 0.25-5 kHz, polytonal
      signals, clicks) was studied in acute and chronic experiments on kittens in the
      age of 15-90 days and on adult cats. The temporal areas were shown to take part
      in localization of tones beginning from third week, in that of polytonal signals
      from the second month, and in that of clicks from the third month of life. The
      degree of the corticalization of the mechanisms of stimuli localization is not
      the same in adult animals as well, the most corticalized being the mechanisms of
      tone localization, the least corticalized--that of clicks. Heterofunctionality of
      the right and the left temporal areas in the mechanisms of the spatial hearing
      has been revealed. In ontogeny the right temporal area functionally forestalls
      the left one. The role of the callosal body in the spatial orientation becomes
      apparent from the second month of life and consists mainly in ability to localize
      the sources of monotonal signals.

PMID- 3376555
TI  - [Structural-functional connections of the lemniscus system with the caudate
      nucleus in the cat].
AB  - Afferent projections were studied of nuclei of the spinal cord dorsal columns to
      the caudate nuclei. Evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded in the caudate nuclei
      and the nuclei of dorsal columns of the spinal cord to stimulation of the
      forelimb against the background and after unilateral elimination of the medial
      lemniscus. After the section, the EPs in the recorded nuclei sharply intensified
      in response to stimulation of the forelimb, ipsilateral to the section.
      Degenerative changes were also shown by electron microscopy in axonal terminals
      in the caudate nuclei at the operated side. Conclusion is drawn that the caudate
      nuclei receive direct connections from the contralateral nuclei of the spinal
      cord dorsal columns, which probably, conduct mainly kinesthetic afferent
      influences.

PMID- 3376557
TI  - [Motor responses of the facial muscles to local stimulation of the motor cortex
      and facial nerve nucleus in the white mouse].
AB  - The character of motor responses of the facial muscles evoked by stimulation of
      various regions of the frontal neocortex and of the nucleus of the facial nerve
      was studied in outbred mice. Motor responses of the vibrissae, of the upper lip
      and the jaw to monopolar microstimulation in the frontal cortical areas in 55 per
      cent of the cases had the latencies from 5 to 15 ms. The latencies of the
      responses to the facial nucleus stimulation ranged from 3 to 12 ms with maximal
      expressed interval of 4-6 ms. Excitation conduction velocities of the facial
      nerve estimated on the basis of latencies measurements, were from 1.5 to 12 m/s.

PMID- 3376556
TI  - [Effect of oxytocin and its antagonist microinjected into the hippocampus on the
      intravenous self-administration of heroin in rats].
AB  - The paper deals with the effect of oxytocin (OXT) and its antagonist--oxytocin
      antiserum (ANT) microinjected in the ventral hippocampus--on learning of heroin
      intravenous self-administration in rats. OXT weakened the processes of heroin
      self-administration, while ANT in contrast improved the learning. The results of
      the study and data analysis suggest that endogenous OXT in the ventral
      hippocampus is involved in the mechanisms of behavioural reactions.

PMID- 3376558
TI  - [Differences in the responses of identified neurons to chemical stimuli in
      satiated and hungry edible snails].
AB  - Reactions of command neurones for avoidance behaviour to food were investigated
      in hungry and satiated snails in "CNS-chemoreceptor" preparations, in which
      hemolymph was washed out by saline. Neuronal responses in hungry animal
      preparations differed significantly from responses in satiated animals
      preparations. Perfusion of hungry animal preparations with hemolymph of satiated
      animals changed significantly the responses of command neurones for avoidance
      behaviour. These responses resembled the reactions of the same neurones to food
      after aversive conditioning to food of hungry snails. The role of humoral factor
      in learning is discussed.

PMID- 3376559
TI  - [Effect of pretuning of the visual analyzer and activation of the brain on the
      development of experimental neuroses].
AB  - It is shown that pretuning of analyzer system is a factor initiating a sharpening
      of the analysis and subsequent development of experimental neurosis resulting
      from excessively acute differentiation. A number of behavioural and
      electrophysiological characteristics was recorded in cats in norm and in
      neurotization. Pathological action was established of both artificially increased
      and lowered brain activation. The increase was reached by additional electrical
      stimulation of various cortical and subcortical brain structures. The lowering
      took place following isolation of the reticular formation from the visual system.
      In response to artificial increase of excitation in neuroticized animals seizures
      took place. The obtained facts confirm the suggestion that pathogenesis of
      neurosis is accompanied by disturbance of normal activity of activation
      deactivation mechanism.

PMID- 3376561
TI  - [Sequence of hunger and thirst dominance in different reinforcement regimens in
      rats].

PMID- 3376560
TI  - [Functional connections of reciprocally distant motor cortex neurons in
      background activity and during the elaboration of a conditioned food-acquisition
      reflex to time].

PMID- 3376562
TI  - [Various aspects of Sidman's methodology].

PMID- 3376563
TI  - [Extrapolation capacity of caymans].

PMID- 3376564
TI  - [Selection of spikes generated by afferent and efferent nerve fibers].

PMID- 3376565
TI  - [Role of a species-specific acoustic environment in the development of hearing in
      nestlings].
AB  - Main parameters were studied of the acoustic evoked potentials (EPs) from L field
      of the caudal neostriatum of altricial nestlings of 2-8 days to pure tones in the
      range of species-specific signals. It has been established that auditory EPs to
      the tones of different frequencies differ by the terms of appearance and the
      degree of maturity. At every of the revealed stages of the auditory ontogenesis,
      including the stage of completely formed auditory sensitivity, such parameters of
      auditory EPs, as latencies of different phases, amplitude-temporal pattern and
      the course of recovery curve are different for the tones of different
      frequencies. The earliest to appear are the responses to the tones 0.2-4.0 kHz,
      corresponding to the energy of alimentary signals. Responses to tones of higher
      frequencies corresponding to the spectrum of other species-specific signals
      appear later, but the speed of their formation is higher than in the responses to
      the tones of low frequencies. It is suggested that the higher speed of
      sensitivity maturation in the high-frequency region is determined by ecologically
      conditioned afferentation, the function of which is fulfilled by nestlings own
      vocalization.

PMID- 3376566
TI  - [The shaping of the behavioral act: the problem of intrasystemic heterochrony].
AB  - According to P.K. Anokhin's conception, the functional system of every
      behavioural act includes one and the same sequence of basic mechanisms, the main
      of them are afferent synthesis and making decision, realization of action,
      achievement of the result and evaluation of its parameters. The present work
      deals with the question about the extent of coordination in the development of
      these systemic mechanisms in the process of new behavioural act formation.

PMID- 3376568
TI  - [Mechanism of the generalization of a conditioned reflex elaborated to
      electrostimulation of the brain in dogs].
AB  - To study functional connections in the limbic system (LS), a model was used of
      instrumental alimentary CR, elaborated in response to low-frequency hippocampus
      electrostimulation with testing of its generalization within the LS. The
      dependence was established of the generalization on activation of corresponding
      pathways between the signal and tested brain structures, the activation of
      pathways was estimated by EPs recorded in limbic structures in response to
      hippocampus stimulation (during CR performance), or vice versa (in generalization
      trials). It turned out that for the appearance of CR generalization, two-way
      connections between signal and tested brain structures or connections only to the
      signal structure are more important. One-way connections from the signal
      structure to tested ones, judging by data, are not important for appearance of
      the CR generalization in used model of conditioning.

PMID- 3376567
TI  - [Reorganization of human evoked potentials during automatization of motor
      reactions].
AB  - Evoked electrocortical activity appearing during rhythmic stimulation and its
      correlation with the level of expectancy of the signal next in turn (expressed in
      values of reaction time), were studied in nine grown up subjects. Reorganization
      of auditory evoked potentials (EPs), mostly expressed during reactions preceding
      the stimulus or coinciding with it occurs at motor responses to rhythmical
      stimuli. The character of correlation between EPs and perception is
      satisfactorily explained by a cyclic model of the sensory information processing.
      Adaptive behaviour is provided by the cyclic processes promoting engrams
      formation and adequate pretuning to probable events.

PMID- 3376569
TI  - [Organization of interneuron interaction in the cerebral cortex of cats learning
      to distinguish visual stimuli].
AB  - Focal and impulse activity of neurones, recorded in pairs with one
      microelectrode, was studied in the field 18 of cat visual cortex, during learning
      of visual differentiation of shaped stimuli--light strips with different
      orientation one towards the other. Differences were found between functional
      properties of neighbouring visual neurones before learning and in learning
      dynamics. During learning, independently of visual signal stimuli orientation,
      reaction patterns of the same type were formed in neighbouring visual neurones.

PMID- 3376570
TI  - [Effect of a dominant focus created in the center of the wink reflex on the local
      defense reflex in the rabbit].
AB  - The paper deals with conjugated inhibition of rabbit's defensive limb reflex at
      formation of a dominant focus in the center of the eye-lid reflex. In the initial
      period of dominant focus formation, when the dominant comes through the stage of
      summation reflex, electrocutaneous limb stimulation induced, along with
      successive summation, temporary inhibition of the forming dominant focus. The
      dominant focus formed in the eye-lid center did not induce conjugated inhibition
      of the limb defensive reflex. In the study of the influence of the eye-lid reflex
      on the motor defensive one it was found that formation of temporary connection of
      summation reflex type, led to circulatory interaction between the centers.

PMID- 3376571
TI  - [Temporal structure of the spike trains of neuronal pairs in the neocortex during
      calm wakefulness in rabbits].
AB  - For revealing the conjugation of impulse activity of simultaneously recorded
      neurones in the visual and sensorimotor areas of rabbits neocortex, histograms
      were built of cross- and autocorrelation (CCH and ACH) of their discharges
      sequences. From successions of discharges of the visual cortex neurones, forming
      pairs of cells acting in correlation, spikes were singled out conjugated with
      neuronal discharges in the sensorimotor area, and their ACHs were built. In 77%
      of cases a resemblance was observed of temporal structure of conjugated
      discharges and real spike sequences, in 23%--there was no such resemblance.
      Analysis of conjugated discharges ACHs showed that they appeared predominantly
      periodically (87% of cases). The number of fragments with periodic discharges
      frequency within delta-frequency range from 3 to 4 Hz prevailed.

PMID- 3376572
TI  - [Passive avoidance in amygdalectomized rats as affected by methylphenidate and
      midantan].
AB  - It is shown that disturbance of conditioned reaction of passive avoidance in
      Wistar rats, elicited after bilateral amygdalectomy, may be compensated by
      administration of indirect dopamine agonist--methylphenidate. Two-fold
      administration proved to be effective: that before learning and that before
      testing. Two-fold administration of another dopamine agonist--amantadine did not
      restore the disturbed conditioned reaction. The results are discussed in the
      aspect of the role of different dopamine brain systems in passive avoidance and
      possible specificity of the drugs action.

PMID- 3376573
TI  - [Characteristics of the reaction of submissive mice to distant zoosocial
      stimuli].
AB  - In aggressive and submissive mice well-experienced in victories and defeats, the
      reaction was studied to another male in neighbour section of "home" cage divided
      by transparent partition with holes. The activity of submissive mice near the
      partition was significantly lower than that of control animals without experience
      of agonist contacts or aggressive. Submissive mice did not react to the
      appearance of unknown smell in the neighbouring section while the animals of
      other studied groups sharply increased their activity near the partition. It is
      suggested that long experience of defeat leads to inhibition of perception of
      specific zoosocial (olfactory) stimuli triggering manifestation of aggressive
      reaction to another individual.

PMID- 3376574
TI  - [23d scientific meeting of the German Society for Social Medicine and Prevention.
      Augsburg, September 1987. Proceedings].

PMID- 3376575
TI  - Coronary heart disease in women.
AB  - The results presented above indicate that the risk factors associated with the
      development of coronary heart disease in women are not that different than those
      identified for men. It is encouraging to note that while the prevalence of
      hypertension in women has not changed over the past twenty years, the proportion
      of treated hypertensive women has increased dramatically and the proportion with
      controlled blood pressure has doubled since 1960. It is also encouraging to note
      that the number of adult women who smoke cigarettes has decreased since 1960, but
      the number of young girls who smoke has increased at an alarming rate. It has
      been noted by researchers that among women who smoke, the number of cigarettes
      smoked per day has increased from the 1950s to the present. From the Framingham
      data it can be seen that womens' serum cholesterol level increases substantially
      with age and women should take steps to eat a healthy low-saturated fat, low
      cholesterol diet in order to maintain a low blood cholesterol level. It has been
      shown from the Framingham Study data that although the same risk factors operate
      in men and women, the standard risk factors do not explain the marked differences
      in morbidity and mortality from heart disease between the two sexes. We must
      continue to study the epidemiology and biology of coronary heart disease in women
      both to better understand the disease process in women and to understand the
      large sex differential for CHD in most westernized countries.

PMID- 3376576
TI  - Social relations and smoking behavior: results from the first MONICA Survey
      Augsburg.
AB  - This study examines the relationship between various aspects of social relations
      and the prevalence of smoking, using data from the first MONICA Survey, Augsburg,
      FRG, 1984/85. Study population of the survey was a two-stage cluster sample of
      5312 men and women aged 25 to 64. The response was 79.4%. The measurement of
      social relations included a modified form of the Syme/Berkman social network
      scale, as used in the Alameda County Study. Analyses were carried out separately
      for the total four-level social network index in relation to smoking, and for
      specific components of that index (marital status, contacts with friends and
      relatives, activities in informal groups). The results showed for both men and
      women, that there was a significant association between the social network index
      and the prevalence of smoking: the more social ties and contacts, the lower the
      percentage of smokers. The results from multiple logistic regression analyses
      indicated an effect of social relations on smoking, that is at least partly
      independent of age, gender and educational level. In general, the findings may
      contribute to a better understanding of 'risk groups', and the possible pathways
      leading from social relations to health and disease.

PMID- 3376577
TI  - [Long-term anxiety and depression following myocardial infarct].
AB  - Data from the 5-year Oldenburg Longitudinal Study were used for investigating the
      causes of differences in psychological well-being in a national sample of 1000
      cardiac patients. In a subsample of 400 married patients, for whom data from the
      spouse were available, exogenous influences, cognitive mediators, and two
      measures of psychological distress were linked up in models explaining/predicting
      the level of anxiety and depression. A major hypothesis was the salience of the
      illness-related cognitions of the patient as a determinant of long-term behavior
      and mood state. Early patient subjective health perceptions, the 'primary
      appraisal' of threat/harm/loss, were found to be the most important predictors of
      subsequent psychological well-being at the fourth wave of the study several years
      later. As an instrument for patient screening and psychosocial intervention, Type
      A's and other groups of subjects seemed to constitute high-risk patient groups.

PMID- 3376578
TI  - [Significance of the social anamnesis in the rehabilitation of coronary
      patients].
AB  - We studied some indicators of the course of the disease in male patients (N = 45;
      x age = 46 +/- 5.6 years) who after first myocardial infarction (MI) spent 4-6
      weeks in a rehabilitation clinic. The investigation is done to test the following
      hypotheses: 1. Social distress during the preinfarction phase is related to
      coping with the disease (namely anxiety) and to some risk factors (overweight,
      low-density-Lipoprotein). 2. Participation in a stress-management training that
      aims at enhancement of coping with social distress has positive effects on the
      course of the disease. This is particularly true in those who are under strong
      social pressure. Two panel waves, at the beginning and at the end of stationary
      rehabilitation, where we gathered data on social and standard risk factors,
      confirmed our hypotheses in part. Anxiety after MI was related to social distress
      before MI. For both, anxiety and low-density-lipoprotein, we found a significant
      interaction effect of social distress and stress-management training as a result
      of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA; SPSS). Given the small sample
      size the results should be taken as preliminary and should not be
      overinterpreted.

PMID- 3376579
TI  - [Modification of the risk profile of obese essential hypertensive patients by the
      group "hypertension discussion" program].
AB  - The programme "Discussions on Hypertension" is a programme for group treatment of
      obese essential hypertensives in medical practices on the basis of behavioural
      therapy. A co-operation model was developed between the Department for General
      Medicine of the "Medizinische Hochschule Hannover", the Institute for Medical
      Psychology of the "Philipps-Universitat Marburg" and the company Galenus Mannheim
      and was offered to doctors in general practice. The effects of the programme on
      the modifying of the risk profile for coronary heart disease was investigated in
      a controlled study in 137 patients by nine general practitioners. 81 patients
      were enrolled in the experimental group and 56 patients were assigned to a
      control group that was not using the programme. The experimental and control
      groups were comparable with respect to sociodemographic, psychological and
      medical parameters. Three months after completing the programme, the results of
      the study was shown in specific effect both on the psychological criteria of
      success (well-being, health knowledge, healthy behaviour, salt use and
      compliance) and in a reduction of the diastolic blood pressure in spite of a
      reduction of the antihypertensive drug treatment. The blood lipid levels
      (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the blood glucose level were also favourably
      affected. Patients in the experimental group had reduced their weight by an
      average of 5.6 kg. The patients in the control group only by 0.8 kg. Overall,
      there was a marked reduction in the proportion of patients with several risk
      factors in the experimental group, so that the programme can be attributed a
      preventive effect.

PMID- 3376580
TI  - [Cholesterol screening within the scope of preventive strategies].
AB  - The "Consensus-Conference" of the European Atherosclerosis Association held in
      June 1986, came to an agreement, that all adults with cholesterol levels above
      200 mg/dl should receive medical attention. First representative investigations
      in the Federal Republic of Germany showed that levels below 200 mg/dl are found
      in less than 30% of persons aged 30 to 59 years. 76% of all patients who where
      examined didn't know their own cholesterol level. These data verify the urgency
      of intensive preventive actions. Cholesterol screening without simultaneous
      supply of information for behaviour modification (especially nutrition
      education), would be of little use. Therefore in the proposed screening-concept
      communicative procedures are of great significance. In addition, cooperation
      between physicians, psychologists, teachers and suitable organisations is
      necessary.

PMID- 3376581
TI  - [Social medicine in the curriculum of universities of West Germany.
      Recommendations for developing topics and organization].
AB  - At German universities and colleges social and community medicine is mainly
      taught by lecturers from various medical fields. Accordingly a great variety of
      topics are presented and different focuses are set. Thus orientation becomes more
      difficult for the students. The present paper was elaborated by experienced
      lecturers. It contains proposals for the organization of the lessons. With regard
      to the topics a list of priorities is presented and criteria for the
      qualification of the lecturers are formulated.

PMID- 3376582
TI  - [Total plasma cholesterol and HDL in a Swiss population: what attitude and norms
      should be adopted?].
AB  - The reports on the effectiveness of blood lipid lowering in the primary
      prevention of ischaemic heart disease have promoted the development of statements
      and strategies for decreasing plasma cholesterol levels. As the risk of ischaemic
      heart disease gradually increases with the serum cholesterol level, a shift of
      the whole cholesterol distribution curve towards lower cholesterol values not
      exceeding 5.2 mmol/l is found to be desirable. The population survey conducted in
      the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, as part of the MONICA-project, has yielded the
      data about the distribution of serum total and HDL-cholesterol for a
      representative sample of the population. 34% of men and 30% of women aged 25 to
      74 have a blood cholesterol value exceeding 6.7 mmol/l, the percentage of people
      with high cholesterol levels increasing with age, especially in women. HDL
      cholesterol levels, higher in women than in men, remain fairly constant according
      to the particular age group concerned. On application of the norms proposed by
      the US Consensus Conference on blood cholesterol, one finds that 32% of women and
      37% of men have to be considered as 'high risk' and 18% of both sexes at
      'moderate risk' concerning the development of coronary heart disease. The
      consequences of the application of such norms in Switzerland, as well as the
      current cholesterol values of the Swiss population as compared to those obtained
      earlier on in Switzerland and the USA have to be considered on a large scale in
      order to draw up a global strategy for health promotion and the prevention of
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3376583
TI  - [The Swiss Society of Social and Preventive Medicine--what should the future be?
      An invitation to discussion].

PMID- 3376584
TI  - [Fractures of the facial skull in multiple injuries in childhood].
AB  - The incidence of fractures of the jaws and facial bones in children is less
      frequent than these same fractured bones in adults. The relative low incidence of
      facial fractures in children can be related to certain growth factors. Details of
      facial trauma and associated injuries were collected in 50 patients referred from
      the Medical School in Hannover. The age and sex distribution, anatomical types of
      fractures, associated nonmaxillofacial trauma and causes of the injuries are
      described. Fractures of the mandible occur in greater frequency than those of the
      middle third of the face in children. Emphasis is placed on paediatric mandibular
      and condylar fractures and their treatment difference from those in adults are
      noted. Facial bone fractures in children have the potential of deformity due to
      growth disturbances. Fractures of the facial skeleton are often accompanied by
      associated injuries, especially fractures of the skull and intracranial injuries.
      Of primary importance is an early assessment of the patient's general condition
      and associated injuries.

PMID- 3376585
TI  - [Clinical aspects, classification and prognosis of 7 cases of pediatric
      fibromatosis].
AB  - Seven cases of fibromatoses in infancy and childhood serve as examples to
      demonstrate this group of rare tumours, taking especially the aggressive forms of
      juvenile fibromatoses into account. There is a tendency to locally invasive
      destructive growth without metastasising at any time and a markedly high relapse
      rate after surgery--a tendency that showed up clearly in our patients, too. Only
      one child out of four having infantile (desmoid-type) fibromatosis of different
      localisation did not show any recurrence. The article reports, among other cases,
      on a desmoid of the stomach and oesophagus in a 15-year-old girl, not described
      in the literature so far, and on a congenital fibromatosis of the pancreas.
      Several classifications had to be performed to properly grade the individual
      cases (1, 6), since no generally valid systematic description of these tumours
      exists.

PMID- 3376586
TI  - [Effect of surgery on inflammation parameters].
AB  - Of 27 patients undergoing major surgical procedures--mainly orthopaedic ones--we
      took the temperature, blood sedimentation rate, total white blood cell count,
      fraction of immature to total neutrophils (I:T proportion) and C-reactive
      protein. With the exception of the I:T proportion all unspecific indicators of
      inflammation showed an increase after the operation. Therefore, the I:T
      proportion is the most reliable parameter for the postoperative control of
      infections, since it is not subject to surgical trauma.

PMID- 3376588
TI  - [Hypospadias in the female].
AB  - Female hypospadias is a rare, but well defined anomaly of the lower urogenital
      system. From an embryologic point of view it represents an arrest during a late
      stage of sinus urogenitalis development. It is not to be confused with minor
      variants of the external urethral meatus of a doubtful clinical relevance. The
      main symptom is a severe subvesical obstruction, and usually it presents early in
      infancy. A case is presented, in which on the basis of the incorrect diagnosis of
      "occult neurogenic bladder outlet obstruction" a supravesical diversion (ileal
      conduit) was done. Undiversion was successfully carried out at an age of 7 years.

PMID- 3376587
TI  - Urinary tract injuries in children: are they different from adults?
AB  - A retrospective study was carried out of 103 consecutive cases of urologic trauma
      in childhood. All data were compared with those of a study in 550 adult
      urological trauma patients to identify problems specific to the paediatric age
      group. Differences in anatomy and physiology make children more likely to sustain
      urological injury than adults, in cases of direct as well as indirect trauma. In
      childhood there is a significant higher incidence of preexisting renal disease.
      Assessment of urinary tract injuries in paediatric patients requires a higher
      index of suspicion and a broader indication for immediate radiographic
      evaluation. The therapeutic approach of urinary tract injuries in children should
      be identical to that in adults. The controversial renal lacerations can be
      managed medically (shallow renal lacerations) as well as surgically (major
      bleeding or extravasation, transsection of the kidney). Whenever possible,
      operation should be performed as an elective delayed procedure 2 to 6 days after
      injury. With this approach maximal renal salvation can be achieved without
      raising overall mortality and morbidity rates.

PMID- 3376589
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the knees--report on two cases treated without surgery
      and a review of the literature.
AB  - The author reports on two cases of congenital dislocation of the knees submitted
      to orthopaedic treatment. The early treatment and the relatively benign nature of
      the main deformity and of the associated phenomena appear to have contributed to
      the excellent results obtained after a six year follow-up. A review of the
      literature on the subject is given.

PMID- 3376590
TI  - High Doppler-derived cardiac output in the cerebral arteriovenous fistula
      measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound.
AB  - Cerebral arteriovenous fistula may cause a significant increase in cardiac
      output. So far, the right ventricular output measurement with conventional
      cardiac output methods has been difficult in newborn infants because of the
      shunts through the foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus. This difficulty
      can be avoided by measuring left ventricular output with the pulsed Doppler
      ultrasound method. In our case, the patient was a newborn infant with large
      patent ductus arteriosus and an arteriovenous malformation of the great cerebral
      vein of Galen. The malformation was found by noticing a loud murmur from the
      infant's head. The diagnosis was later confirmed by ultrasound scanning and a
      computer tomography. Left ventricular output was enormous with values from 740 to
      830 ml/min/kg, when the normal value for the newborn infant at this age is 260
      ml/min/kg. Because of constant cardiac failure, the malformation was operated on.
      The infant died of cardiac failure during this operation. An enormous left
      ventricle output in an infant with arteriovenous fistula and patent ductus
      arteriosus predisposes to cardiac failure. The Doppler ultrasound method in
      newborn infants seems to be a useful tool to determine cardiac function.

PMID- 3376591
TI  - [Extracranial congenital arteriovenous fistula in a newborn infant].
AB  - A child with a congenital arteriovenous fistula between the arteria carotis
      externa and sinus sigmoideus is presented. This case showed further complications
      by the development of congestive heart failure and a Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.
      By an early excision already in the neonate age after diagnosis by digital
      subtraction angiography, the child could be saved.

PMID- 3376592
TI  - Perforating gastric ulceration during tolazoline therapy for persistent foetal
      circulation.
AB  - Gastric ulcerations were observed in an infant with persistent foetal circulation
      treated with tolazoline. The first symptoms were noted 14 hours after institution
      of therapy, and free air in the abdomen was visualised 34 hours later. It is
      suggested that the ulcerations may have been a side effect of tolazoline. The
      concomitant use of cimetidine may prevent this complication.

PMID- 3376593
TI  - Infantile myofibromatosis of omentum.
AB  - A unique case of solitary infantile myofibromatosis arising in the omentum is
      presented. The essentiality of wide surgical resection to avoid recurrence is
      emphasised.

PMID- 3376594
TI  - Hypogenesis of intestinal ganglion cells: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction
      simulating aganglionosis.
AB  - Hypogenesis of intestinal ganglion cells is a rare cause of functional intestinal
      obstruction showing both diminished numbers of ganglion cells per plexus and
      immature ganglion cells. We report a case of hypogenesis extending from anus to
      mid small intestine.

PMID- 3376596
TI  - [Rare complications in surgically treated rectal and anal atresia with submucous
      pull-through of the rectal mucosa].
AB  - Two rare complications after Rehbein's pull-through operation are reported. The
      first case is a four-year-old child producing at two times a urethral-rectal
      muscle cuff fistula, the rectal muscle cuff being filled with urine. The second
      case deals with a now fourteen-year-old boy in whom a mucosa-regenerated rectal
      muscle cuff led to an enterogenous cyst of double fist size.

PMID- 3376595
TI  - [Secondary ganglion cell loss of the large and small intestine following
      recurrent ileus and peritonitis in an infant].
AB  - A premature infant with terminal ileal atresia and iatrogenic bowel perforation
      with peritonitis developed secondary hypoganglionosis and aganglionosis of the
      small bowel and colon leading to loss of bowel function with fatal outcome.

PMID- 3376598
TI  - [17th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology.
      Yokohama, 24-25 September 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3376597
TI  - [Selection of various types of lasers in the treatment of surface and deep
      vascular anomalies].
AB  - Laser therapy can be used to great advantage in the treatment of haemangiomas in
      childhood in specially selected cases. We were able to collect experiences in 101
      children and to utilise both the coagulation effect for percutaneous induction of
      regression and the cutting effect in the resection of haemangiomas at the body
      surface and the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Among the commercially available
      laser equipment we would prefer the argon laser for intracutaneous lesions (naevi
      teleangiectatici, spider naevi, plane haemangiomas), whereas for the cavernous or
      planotuberous or tuberonodous haemangiomas it is better to use the neodym-YAG
      laser. Patients must be very carefully selected and selection must be restricted
      to haemangiomas with complications. Treatment via neodym-YAG laser must be
      complemented by protecting the skin against cold, by compressing the angiomas and
      by an appropriate after treatment.

PMID- 3376599
TI  - [How do patients develop after inpatient psychotherapy?].
AB  - The following study examines the attitudes six months after stationary
      psychotherapeutic treatment of 82 patients examined on a monthly basis. The image
      presented is consistently positive with regard to improvement in both physical
      and psychological symptoms, changes in abnormal behavior, the relationship to
      partners and other people, and with regard to the satisfaction with therapy
      itself. Complementing the statistical results are citations from lengthy written
      evaluations by the patients of their stay in the hospital and the influence it
      has had on their current situation.

PMID- 3376600
TI  - [Termination of treatment in inpatient psychotherapy].
AB  - There are relatively few studies on the subject of dropping out of psychotherapy.
      This lead us to study before, during and after treatment all patients, who had
      been referred to our hospital for psychotherapeutical treatment over a time of
      one year. We compared a posteriori those patients, who had completed
      psychotherapy in our hospitalized setting in a regular fashion (n = 362) to
      those, who had dropped out (n = 43). It was found that the latter group showed
      (statistically significant) properties, which could be used to direct our
      attention to the danger of dropping out even before treatment. If our findings
      and first hypotheses concerning the reasons for dropping out of psychotherapy can
      be confirmed by future studies, we can derive from them relevant suggestions for
      the handling of this risky group of patients during treatment.

PMID- 3376601
TI  - [Behavior therapy in use--assessment of 633 cases of treatment].
AB  - 633 written case-reports of behavior therapies were statistically evaluated. The
      case-reports, provided by 180 behavior therapists, were presented to the Deutsche
      Gesellschaft fur Verhaltenstherapie in concurrence with their behavior therapy
      training closing criteria. Data concerning therapists and institutional settings
      were taken into consideration as well as data about patients, their disorders,
      specific treatments, lengths of therapy and outcomes. Results were discussed in
      the light of psychiatric-epidemiological and psychotherapy research as well as
      the general trends in theory and practice of psychotherapy.

PMID- 3376602
TI  - [Comparative psychodiagnostic test study in acute and chronic asthma patients].
AB  - The psychic characteristics of patients suffering from asthma bronchiale have
      mostly been investigated without considering the duration of the illness. So the
      question was if and in which way the duration of the disease influences the
      patient's psychic state. 61 asthmatics were examined by the FPI and by a
      structured interview. Two parallel groups with a duration of illness of less than
      two years respectively more than five years were compared with each other.
      Obviously frankness and self-criticism were to be found more frequently in the
      chronic group than among the patients of the short continuance of the disease.
      The lower frankness and willingness to self-criticism of this group of patients
      is also symptomatic of the first reaction to the sudden onset of the illness. The
      patients' first reactions are denial and repression, especially concerning the
      psychic parts in the multifactorial pathogenesis of the disease and its social
      consequences. In the course of the illness self-criticism and the capability of
      perceiving psychosocial factors increase. These results lead to the conclusion
      that the chronification of asthma bronchiale is a stimulus for confrontation with
      conflicts in the own biography and thus with the illness itself. It seems
      important to use different forms of psychotherapy depending on the duration of
      the illness.

PMID- 3376603
TI  - [Assumption of projective reduplication in psychosomatic patients. I. Results of
      an empirical study].
AB  - The starting position of this study was the striking discrepancy between clinical
      hypothesis on "projective reduplication" and their empirical validation.
      Empirical data for the statistical analysis derived from a heterogeneous group of
      psychosomatically ill persons (N = 33) and a group of normal controls (N = 30).
      Using the similarity of the image of one's self and the one of others as an
      experimental analogy of the "projective reduplication", we could not ascertain
      any verifying hint for this syndrome. The results of the present study do not
      support the assumption of a clinical phenomenon according to the hypotheses
      tested. But it still remains uncertain whether these hypotheses are appropriate
      transformations of clinical experience.

PMID- 3376604
TI  - [Forms of organization and means of regulation of the self system].
AB  - Using a recently developed self-inventory (Narzissmusinventar) 1277 patients
      suffering from neurotic and psychosomatic disorders have been examined. By
      constructing scales of high reliability the items of this new questionnaire could
      be grouped according to eighteen aspects, which cover modes of organization and
      regulation of the self, as far as these are available to introspection. Their
      contents will be described here, and a discussion with regards to some
      considerations towards a theory of the self is presented.

PMID- 3376605
TI  - [Results of McKissock reduction mammoplasty].
AB  - Reducing mammoplasty is medically justified a surgical intervention to handle
      certain indications. Results obtained from this approach are discussed in
      comparison to other methods, primarily the Strombeck technique, with reference
      being made to 217 patients of whom the majority had undergone McKissock
      operations. Ninety per cent of these patients were absolutely satisfied, and only
      eight per cent had restrictions. However, broadened or hypertrophic scars were
      recorded from 21 per cent in objective assessments by follow-up examiners. The
      method according to McKissock can be recommended for cases of mammary ptosis and
      macromastia. A two-stage approach, according to Joseph, should be taken to cases
      in which more than 1,400 g of tissue are removed from one side. No increased
      incidence of mammary tumours was recordable in the wake of reducing mammoplasty.

PMID- 3376606
TI  - [Results following reduction mammoplasties. A comparison of selected surgical
      procedures].
AB  - Lactation-retaining reducing mammoplasty was performed on 144 cases for
      macromastia, with 54 of them being carried out by the Biesenberger/Gelbke method
      and 90 according to the procedure by Strombeck. Complications due to wound
      healing disorders occurred only to eleven in 98 mammae (separate evaluation)
      treated by the Strombeck procedure but affected every second patient operated on
      by the Biesenberger/Gelbke method. In 14 patients postoperative capability of
      lactation was found to be unambiguously correlated with unimpaired wound healing.
      Postoperative pathological alterations in mammary glands may cause problems in
      differential diagnosis. Mitigation of clinico-somatic complaints was found to be
      obtainable from either surgical approach, depending on wound healing. Aesthetic
      results are the same.

PMID- 3376607
TI  - [Compression syndromes of the radial nerve in the area of the elbow and lateral
      elbow pain].
AB  - Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings are described and
      discussed with reference to 93 operations for entrapment syndromes of the radial
      nerve in the cubital region. Reference is also made to the importance of this
      pathological pattern in the context of the whole complex of "lateral elbow pain".

PMID- 3376608
TI  - [Dupuytren's disease in advanced age. Treatment strategy and results].
AB  - The results recorded from 1,322 surgical cases of Dupuytren's contracture of all
      severities have shown that successful treatment is possible even of patients in
      advanced age. The concept of surgery and treatment on an outpatient basis was
      applied to 86.6 per cent of the above cases, with local anaesthesia being used,
      and has proved to be absolutely adequate, provided high-continuity care by
      surgeons experienced in hand surgery. Results, prerequisites, and advantages are
      described in a differentiated manner.

PMID- 3376609
TI  - [Morphologic and functional aspects of the assessment of hand injuries].
AB  - Progress achieved in surgical approach to hand injuries have called for
      reconsideration of earlier recommendations for expert assessment. While in the
      past, emphasis used to be laid on judgement of loss caused by amputation, today
      primary attention must be given to assessment of the individual finger which had
      been surgically reconstructed but has been left with impaired function. An
      account is given of the functional relevance that should be attributed to each of
      the functional elements of a hand, and reference is made to consequences from
      loss of functions. Some recommendations are suggested for expert assessment.

PMID- 3376610
TI  - [Esthetic surgery. Responsibilities and philosophical aspects].

PMID- 3376612
TI  - Thermography of gluteal regions after hypogastric artery ligation.
AB  - Thermographic examination of buttocks of 7 patients after hypogastric artery
      ligation using non-absorbable suture has been performed. In 6 patients the
      possibility of eventual recanalization has been eliminated by aortography, in 1
      patient by pelvic angioscintigraphy. Repeated thermographic examination of 3
      patients after bilateral ligation has shown no anomalous results. In 1 among 4
      patients after unilateral ligation a cooler area could be repeatedly observed on
      the ipsilateral side. Thermography, in combination with other methods of
      examination, seems to be suitable for complex study of the state of circulation
      after hypograstric artery ligation, performed to stop a life-threatening
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3376611
TI  - [Ototoxic side effects in patients with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin].
AB  - Cisplatinum (DDP) is a cell cycle-independent drug used to prolong the survival
      time in ovarian cancer patients operated palliatively. After six therapeutic
      cycles of 100 mg of cisplatinum (Platidiam, Lachema, Brno) per square meter of
      body surface each changes in the sensation of hearing like tinnitus without any
      limitation of the faculty of hearing felt individually have been reported in four
      out of twelve ovary cancer patients. A high frequency loss of more than 4,000 Hz
      could be detected by threshold audiometry in three out of these twelve patients.

PMID- 3376613
TI  - [Protein studies in cystic and peritoneal fluids of ovarian tumors with special
      reference to CEA].
AB  - The levels of total protein, Ig, AFP, beta-HCG, CEA, SC, SP1 and alpha 2-PAG were
      measured in cystic and peritoneal effusions obtained from 70 females with benign
      and malignant ovarian tumors. This study was carried out to test out parameters
      those are useful for tumor monitoring of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate
      that determining CEA in peritoneal effusions could be one of useful methods in
      tumor monitoring of mucinous cystadenocarcinomas in cases of known histology and
      praetherapeutic estimated CEA levels in cystic or peritoneal effusions. Our
      results demonstrate that CEA-levels greater than 100 micrograms/l are mostly
      found in mucinous cystadenocarcinomas and in mucinous cystadenomas, too. High
      cystic CEA levels support the histology aiming for demonstration of mucinous
      component.

PMID- 3376614
TI  - [Immunologic and genetic status of a patient with 4 primary neoplasms].
AB  - Case report of patient with four primary malignancies manifested independently
      (carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix, vulvar cancer, malignant lentigo on the
      face and rectal cancer). Immunologic and genetic changes could be demonstrated.

PMID- 3376615
TI  - Menaquinone composition in the classification and identification of aerobic
      actinomycetes.
AB  - Menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 36 strains representing
      different species of the genera Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus,
      Amycolatopsis, Saccharothrix, Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis and Actinomadura.
      Dihydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units [MK-9(H2)] were the main
      components isolated from Mycobacterium. Dihydrogenated and tetrahydrogenated
      menaquinones with eight isoprene units were the predominant compounds identified
      in typical Rhodococcus and Nocardia strains, respectively. "Nocardia
      phenotolerans" differed from all of the other Nocardia species included in the
      study, in that it contained the MK-9(H2) [MK-8(H2)] menaquinone system.
      Nocardioform bacteria lacking mycolic acids contained tetrahydrogenated
      menaquinones with nine isoprene units as the main component. The Streptomyces
      strains studied exhibited complex mixtures of partially saturated menaquinones
      with nine isoprene units with the hexa- and/or octahydrogenated components
      predominating. Actinomadurae contained major amounts of hexahydrogenated
      menaquinones with nine isoprene units. In contrast, the single Nocardiopsis
      strain examined possessed complex mixtures of menaquinones with ten isoprene
      units, the dihydrogenated components being main constituents.

PMID- 3376616
TI  - A modified ELISA for the detection of toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) in
      staphylococcal isolates.
AB  - A modified ELISA for the detection of S. aureus strains producing toxic shock
      syndrome toxin (TSST-1) is described. Polystyrene balls are coated with specific
      sheep antibody and incubated with an over-night culture of suspected colonies.
      Biotinylated second antibody and an Avidin/biotinylated enzyme system are used to
      obtain an easily readable qualitative reaction.

PMID- 3376617
TI  - [Morphological changes in human embryonic lung fibroblasts caused by cytotoxins
      of various Clostridium species].
AB  - A total of 243 strains of 35 Clostridium species were tested for cytotoxin
      production in cooked meat medium or liver broth within 48-72 h at 37 degrees C,
      using human embryonal lung fibroblasts in tissue-culture as indicator cells.
      Cytotoxin could be detected in the culture-filtrates of all toxigenic strains of
      C. chauvoei, C. difficile, C. histolyticum, C. novyi types A and B, C. septicum
      and C. tetani, but not in the atoxigenic ones. The cytotoxin of C. novyi
      correlated with alpha-toxin in the culture filtrate. All strains of C.
      perfringens and C. novyi D tested were not cytotoxic for lung fibroblasts despite
      their pathogenicity for guinea-pigs. Further cytotoxigenic strains were found
      among C. hastiforme, C. limosum, C. oceanicum, C. putrificum, C. ramosum, C.
      sordellii, C. sporogenes, and C. subterminale. The morphological changes in lung
      fibroblasts caused by the culture filtrates were characteristic and species
      specific and corresponded with pathogenicity for guinea-pigs and/or mice. No
      cytotoxin was produced by C. absonum, C. barati, C. bifermentans, C. botulinum
      (atoxic), C. butyricum, C. cadaveris, C. carnis, C. clostridioforme, C.
      cochlearium, C. glycolicum, C. innocuum, C. malenominatum, C. mangenotii, C.
      paraputrificum, C. putrefaciens, C. rectum, C. tertium, and C. tyrobutyricum.

PMID- 3376618
TI  - Vancomycin-resistant Streptococcaceae from clinical material.
AB  - Three strains of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci, belonging to the
      family Streptococcaceae, were isolated from patient samples. Two were identified
      as Leuconostoc species, the other one as Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecium.
      The clinical significance of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria is
      discussed.

PMID- 3376619
TI  - Studies on the resistance of Clostridium difficile to antimicrobial agents.
AB  - The susceptibility of C. difficile isolated at the Department of Medical
      Microbiology of the University of Zurich to a wide selection of antibacterial,
      antimycobacterial and antifungal agents was tested in vitro. Great differences in
      susceptibility were found against chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin,
      rifamycin, and tetracycline. Resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin could
      always be transferred jointly to a susceptible C. difficile strain by mixed
      culture on filters at low frequencies (1 X 10(-8) to 4 X 10(-8) per donor cell).
      Transfer of tetracycline resistance occurred at frequencies of 3 X 10(-7) to 5 X
      10(-7). Chloramphenicol and rifamycin resistance could not be transferred in the
      system used (frequencies less than 10(-8)). Although a total of 38,000 colonies
      was screened by various methods known to affect plasmid replication, resistance
      to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, rifamycin, and tetracycline could
      not be eliminated. No connection between plasmid DNA and antimicrobial resistance
      could be established. Especially, no plasmid DNA was involved in the transfer of
      resistance determinants from resistant to susceptible strains.

PMID- 3376620
TI  - Dynamics of functional maturation and inactivation of HN glycoprotein in NDV
      infected chick embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - In avirulent NDV strain-infected chick embryo cells treated with cycloheximide at
      different intervals post infection a decrease of the level of hemagglutinating
      (HA) and neuraminidase (Nase) activities was observed. Studies on this system led
      to conclusion that the HA-Nase (HN) glycoprotein molecules are unstable and the
      actual amount of the functionally active (mature) HN entities is determined by a
      dynamic equilibrium between the antidromic processes of the HN functional
      maturation and inactivation. Kinetic studies on the actual intracellular levels
      of the HA and Nase activities using 5 min intervals of their detection after the
      cycloheximide treatment permitted to uncouple the processes of the HN maturation
      and inactivation. Analytical part of the studies made it possible to compute
      quantitative parameters of the involved processes: (a) pool size of the
      functionally nonactive HN precursors, (b) time needed for their functional
      maturation, and (c) rate of their inactivation.

PMID- 3376621
TI  - Differentiation of serologically related serogroups of Legionella pneumophila.
AB  - Immune sera of different laboratory animals were studied in comparative tests for
      their differentiating ability in respect of closely related serogroups of
      Legionella pneumophila. Strains of serogroups 3 and 6, not distinguishable using
      rabbit sera, were found to be easily differentiated by mouse immune sera. Guinea
      pig and hamster sera revealed a lower differentiating ability. Concerning the
      differentiation of serogroups 5 and 8 none of the tested animals produced group
      specific antibodies only. The typical coagglutination of serogroup 4 found
      regularly in rabbit immune sera against serogroup 8, in contrast to serogroup 5
      sera, can be considered as an additional indicator to be used for differentiation
      of the two serogroups.

PMID- 3376622
TI  - Investigations on the antibody response of dysgammaglobulinemic chickens (UM-B 19
      line) to protein bound haptenic groups.

PMID- 3376623
TI  - The mode of spread of Campylobacter jejuni/coli to broiler flocks.

PMID- 3376624
TI  - [Rabies antibodies in ferrets after a single rabies vaccination].

PMID- 3376625
TI  - Bovine coronavirus-induced cytopathic expression and plaque formation: host cell
      and virus strain determine trypsin dependence.

PMID- 3376626
TI  - [The morphology of bovine parvovirus].

PMID- 3376627
TI  - Resistance of equine small strongyles to benzimidazoles in Belgium.

PMID- 3376628
TI  - [Functioning of the sorbitol pathway of glucose metabolism during hibernation].
AB  - Studies have been made on the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase and glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver of hibernating ground squirrels. It was
      found that the activity of the former is an order higher than that of the latter.
      Contribution of sorbitol pathway in total metabolism of the glucose in
      hibernating ground squirrels is discussed.

PMID- 3376629
TI  - [A synthetic peptide from Helix aspersa raises arterial pressure in rats].
AB  - New FMRF-amide like peptide, pGlu-Asp-Pro-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2, originally
      isolated from the ganglia of Helix aspersa, was synthetized. Intravenous
      injections of this peptide (40-300 micrograms/kg) produce rapid dose dependent
      increase in the blood pressure and heart rate of anaesthetised rats. Since alpha
      adrenoreceptor blockade with prazosin eliminated pressor response, it is
      concluded that the increase in the arterial pressure is mediated by sympathetic
      activation.

PMID- 3376630
TI  - [Comparative research on the cerebroside and sulfocerebroside content of the
      mammalian brain].
AB  - Data are presented on cerebroside and sulfocerebroside content of the brain for
      31 mammalian species from 8 orders. The increase in concentration of both
      glycolipids in the brain of mammals in phylogenesis was demonstrated. Low levels
      of cerebrosides and sulfocerebrosides were found in the brain of lower mammals
      (Insectivora, Chiroptera) and high ones--in the brain of higher mammals
      (Carnivora, Primates). Irrespectively from taxonomic position and ecological
      factors, in the brain of all mammals investigated higher content of cerebrosides
      with hydroxy acids was found as compared to the content of cerebrosides with
      normal fatty acids. The ratio of these cerebrosides in the brain of terrestrial
      mammals is 2-3 times higher than in aquatic and semi-aquatic ones. The data
      obtained are discussed in relation to the development of the brain of mammals
      during their phylogenesis.

PMID- 3376631
TI  - [Ratio and composition of the plasmalogen and diacylated forms of phospholipids
      in subcellular fractions of the avian brain].
AB  - Studies have been made on the specific content of plasmalogen and diacylated
      forms of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in subcellular
      fractions (myelin, nuclei, microsomes, mitochondria, synaptosomes) from the brain
      of pigeons, as well as in the myelin fraction from the brain of the crow Corvus
      cornix and the hawk Accipiter gentelis. Fatty acid composition and fatty aldehyde
      composition of these two main phospholipids of the brain were studied in the
      subcellular fractions obtained. It was shown that plasmalogen forms of
      phospholipids are localized in birds mainly in the myelin fraction which exhibits
      the highest plasmalogen concentration as compared to the same fraction of all the
      vertebrates investigated. With respect to fatty acid and fatty aldehyde
      composition, as well as to the degree of their unsaturation, myelin plasmalogens
      from birds are similar to those from other cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals.
      This fact indicates that high relative content of plasmalogens together with
      their high unsaturation account for normal functional activity of myelin
      membranes in all vertebrates.

PMID- 3376632
TI  - [Effect of dopamine and adrenaline on the motility function of the digestive
      tract in the plaice Platessa platessa].
AB  - Electrophysiological studies have been made of the inhibitory effects of dopamine
      and adrenaline on motor activity of the stomach and intestine in the plaice
      Platessa platessa. This effect revealed itself in suppression of peristaltic and
      tonic contractions of the digestive tract for 2-5 hours. Inderal did not abolish
      the inhibitory effect of dopamine. This effect was partially abolished by
      phentolamine and completely abolished by metoclopramide. The latter did not
      change the effect of adrenaline on the motor activity of the digestive tract.
      Catecholamine influences on feeding behaviour in fishes were demonstrated.
      Possible existence of specific dopamine receptors in structures innervating
      muscles of the digestive tract is discussed.

PMID- 3376633
TI  - [Effect of individual factors of the space environment on the abiogenic synthesis
      of nucleotides].
AB  - Key role of thermal energy has been shown in abiogenic synthesis of natural
      nucleotides (deoxyadenosine and cytidine monophosphates) in a solid phase during
      phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine and cytidine at the board of the orbital
      station "Salute-7" (temperature from -50 to 65 degrees C, exposition for 13
      months) and in laboratory experiments (temperature 65 degrees C, exposition from
      8 days to 6 1/2 months). The results obtained are discussed in relation to
      possible contribution of thermal energy in processes of prebiological evolution
      on the lithosphere of the Primitive Earth and various cosmic bodies.

PMID- 3376634
TI  - [Electrophysiological characteristics of cardiac function and the intensity of
      protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes during the arousal of susliks from
      hibernation].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that during winter hibernation (body temperature 2-4
      degrees C), the heart rate in ground squirrels is equal to 100 10-12 beats/min.
      At the initial stage of the arousal, while body temperature remains still low (9
      10 degrees C), the heart rate may increase up to 160-200 beats/min. At this
      stage, practically all electrophysiological parameters of the heart correspond to
      those in active animals. These results may indicate the ability of "cold" heart
      in arousing ground squirrels to operate as a normothermic organ and reveal
      certain role of the heart in body warming. Significant increase of the intensity
      of protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes together with periodic changes in protein
      composition of their membranes were found during arousal which may account for
      regulation of the level of metabolism in cells and for adaptation of the latter
      to different temperatures.

PMID- 3376635
TI  - [Reflection of the intensity of peripheral stimulation in the amplitude-time
      parameters of somatosensory and kinesthetic evoked potentials of the projection
      cortex in rhesus macaques].
AB  - Experiments were made on 7 adult male monkeys under nembutal anaesthesia (20-25
      mg/kg, intravenously). The evoked potentials to electrical stimulation (0.5-50
      mA) of the skin and kinestetic (5.10(3)-6.10(5)degrees/s2) stimulation of the
      proximal part of the forearm were recorded in the contralateral primary
      somatosensory cortex. The data obtained indicated direct relationship between the
      magnitude of angular acceleration and amplitude-temporary parameters of the
      kinestetic potentials. The threshold for their detections was equal approximately
      to 5.10(3) degrees/s. Maximum amplitude and the shortest latency were observed at
      accelerations 100 times higher than threshold ones. These data are compared with
      parameters of the evoked potentials to the electrical stimulation of the skin.

PMID- 3376636
TI  - [Homologous sequences in proteins with different functions].
AB  - Data on the primary structure of approximately 250 proteins and regulatory
      peptides are presented. It was shown that functionally different proteins contain
      homologous sequencies. Growth hormone molecule contains homologous sequencies to
      several proteins. On the whole, polypeptide hormones more frequently, as compared
      to other proteins, contained sequencies, which are homologous to fragments of
      proteins with various functions. Evolutionary aspects of multiple relations
      between proteins are discussed.

PMID- 3376638
TI  - [Functional and time structure of visual perception in schizophrenia].
AB  - A comparative analysis of situations of correct and erroneous perception of
      visual stimuli and of the dynamics of slow electrical activity of the occipital
      and frontal cortex has shown that schizophrenia is characterized by specific
      disorders of the functional and time structure of perception. One of the main
      signs of these disorders is dysfunction of the frontal cortex at the stages of
      the synthesis of the perceived information with traces of memory about similar
      impacts and subsequent categorization of the perceived information.

PMID- 3376637
TI  - [Reflexotherapy of asthenic conditions in neuroses].
AB  - The results of clinico-psychological examination of 121 patients have
      demonstrated that acupuncture is a fairly effective method of treating asthenic
      states in neurotic patients. Thus, considerable improvement and improvement has
      been observed in 67% of the patients. The absence of positive effect in the
      remaining cases is explained by an aggravated history, a stubborn course of the
      disease, and depletion of the functional activity of the sympathoadrenal system
      (SAS) and the adrenal cortex. Normalization of EEG rhythm is effected through
      activation of the synchronizing and inactivation of the desynchronizing cerebral
      systems; the positive dynamics of the structure of nocturnal sleep is reflected
      in an increased duration of slow sleep and rapid sleep which were initially
      reduced, in more regular alternation of the cycles and phases of sleep, and in a
      shorter period of falling asleep. Biochemical examinations have revealed
      activation of the mediatory component of the SAS and elevation of the function of
      the adrenal cortex, while baroalgesimetric studies have shown that acupuncture is
      characterized by antinociceptive and activizing effects. On the whole the
      efficacy of acupuncture in controlling asthenic conditions related to neuroses is
      due to its integral action.

PMID- 3376639
TI  - [Anti-neurofilament antibodies in slow infections of the nervous system].
AB  - Twenty-six patients including 12 with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, 7 with
      multiple sclerosis, 5 with the Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and 2 with Alzheimer's
      disease were examined. Antibodies to neurofilaments in the blood serum were
      detected in all cases of the Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease and
      in 8 patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis with clinical evidence of
      supranuclear structure involvement. A conclusion is drawn about a certain
      similarity of pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases, as well as about
      heterogeneity of the cytoskeleton of neurons in the brain and the spinal cord.

PMID- 3376640
TI  - [Complex treatment of sexual disorders in women with slowly progressive
      schizophrenia].
AB  - The article describes the efficacy of combination, staged and differential
      therapy of sexual disorders in 90 women with slowly progressive schizophrenia.
      The treatment was carried out in 3 stages. At the first stage the treatment with
      psychotropic drugs (supplemented with some elements of rational and behavioural
      psychotherapy--PT) was aimed at reducing the underlying psychopathological
      syndrome; at the second stage the maintenance psychopharmacotherapy was combined
      with the maximal utilization of PT (behavioural, marital, training), whereas the
      third stage consisted of various types of PT and sex therapy.

PMID- 3376641
TI  - [The need of outpatient neurological services in cities of different categories].

PMID- 3376642
TI  - [Ocular form of multiple sclerosis].
AB  - Examination of 52 patients has made it possible to identify the ocular form of
      multiple sclerosis associated with isolated recurrent damage to the optic nerves
      regardless of the possibility of the development of other neurological
      symptomatology. This has reduced the group of patients with unexplained damage to
      the optic nerves and expanded our knowledge about variants of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3376643
TI  - [Circulating tissue antigens in multiple sclerosis and hepatocerebral dystrophy].
AB  - Using complement fixation test (CFT) in cold, the authors measured the
      circulating tissue antigens of the brain and liver in 50 subjects (22 patients
      with hepatocerebral dystrophy, 18 with multiple sclerosis and 10 healthy
      subjects). The total circulating levels of liver and brain antigens were found to
      be dependent on the activity and progression of the pathological process in these
      organs. The CFT may be recommended as an additional test for diagnosing the
      destructive process in the brain and liver of patients with hepatocerebral
      dystrophy and multiple sclerosis and for assessing the efficacy of the conducted
      treatment.

PMID- 3376644
TI  - [Variants of herpetic encephalomyelitis].
AB  - The article presents the results of combined clinico-morphological, virological,
      and seroimmunological studies in 10 patients aged 16 to 57 years who suffered
      from acute herpetic encephalomyelitis. The authors have identified 4 clinical
      syndromes: Landry's ascending paralysis, meningomyelitis, disseminated
      encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. Some aspects of the pathogenesis
      of herpetic lesions of the central nervous system are discussed.

PMID- 3376645
TI  - [The concept of the immunologic barrier of the brain].
AB  - Using the technique of a two-layer agar system, the authors cultivated
      cerebrospinal fluid cells from 9 patients with aseptic lymphocytic meningitis and
      from 6 clinically healthy subjects. On the 7th-15th day of culturing growth of
      colonies (cellular aggregates) was detected. Morphologic analysis of the colonies
      demonstrated that they consisted only of lymphoid and mixed (macrophagal
      granulocytic) cells. To study the immunologic function of microglia, the cerebral
      tissue obtained from 11 patients with cerebral gliomas was cultivated. Antigenic
      stimulation resulted in activation of microglia cells and in their transformation
      into macrophages. The precursor cells, T- and B-lymphocytes, their
      subpopulations, monocytes, macrophages and cells of central nervous system
      microglia form an immunologic barrier of the brain ensuring the immunologic
      surveillance in the extra-barrier organ--the central nervous system.

PMID- 3376646
TI  - [Radiological diagnosis of basal inflammatory processes in the brain
      (arachnoiditis, arachnoencephalitis) in paranasal sinusitis].
AB  - The article presents radiological signs of basal processes (arachnoiditis,
      arachnoencephalitis) associated with paranasal sinusitis. gamma-Topography of the
      brain in inflammatory processes is distinguished by such typical radiological
      signs as a pathological accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical which is more often
      diffuse in nature. According to the findings of radionuclide cysternography the
      inflammatory process is characterized by a block of the subarachnoidal space of
      the frontobasal portions and an impairment of the CSF dynamics.

PMID- 3376647
TI  - [Endocrine function of the epiphysis in disorders of cerebral circulation
      (morphological study)].
AB  - In a quantitative morphological study of the epiphyses from 56 patients whose
      death was related to various types of cerebral circulation disorders the authors
      have specified the characteristics of the endocrine function of this organ in
      each of the pathological types studied, with the status of the merocrine and
      "emergency" holocrine secretion of the epiphysis being assessed separately. The
      authors consider the possible significance of the identified epiphysis
      dysfunction in the development and course of cerebrovascular diseases and outline
      possible types of involvement of the epiphysis in their pathogenesis.

PMID- 3376648
TI  - [Clinical aspects and pathogenesis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome].
AB  - The authors describe two cases of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and come to the
      conclusion that the pathological process in the disease (largely in the meninges)
      may also involve other sites located distantly from the cavernous sinus. The
      genesis of this syndrome appears to be largely infectious-allergic in nature.

PMID- 3376649
TI  - [Mental disorders in cranio-cerebral trauma associated with extracranial
      injuries].
AB  - Examination of 160 patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with extracranial
      injuries has demonstrated that psychopathological disorders are largely due to
      cerebral abnormalities. They are manifested in negative or deficiency
      disturbances, with the syndrome of disturbed consciousness being dominant among
      them. Other disturbances include the psychoorganic syndrome and emotional and
      asthenic abnormalities. Extracerebral pathology aggravates these disturbances in
      the acute period of trauma due to shock and later on due to somatogenic asthenia
      but causes no specific disorders.

PMID- 3376650
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood in acute neuroinfections].
AB  - The authors have examined 42 patients with viral encephalitides and other central
      nervous system lesions using a complex of clinical and viroimmunological methods
      of examination. The main emphasis has been laid on measuring immunoglobulins A,
      M, and G in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The results have shown
      marked changes in humoral immunity. The degree of these changes is directly
      correlated with severity of encephalitis. Investigation into humoral immunity in
      patients with neuroinfections and other nervous system diseases contributes to
      the development of differential diagnostic criteria and better understanding of
      the relationship between severity and outcome of diseases.

PMID- 3376651
TI  - [Pathomorphosis of acute alcoholic hallucinosis].
AB  - The authors have investigated the clinical course, dynamics, and prognosis of
      acute alcoholic hallucinosis in different years (1955-1970, 1971-1985 versus 1900
      1931). An analysis of clinical manifestations of acute alcoholic hallucinosis
      over the considered 30 years has pointed to a transformation in the main
      psychopathological phenomena of psychosis as compared to their description in
      1900-1931, characterized by changes in the ratio of the subject of verbal
      hallucinations and delirious ideas and an increase in the proportion of
      psychopathological phenomena which were not included in the number of constant
      manifestations of psychosis and occurred now and then. The duration of acute
      alcoholic hallucinosis (2-3 weeks in 1900-1931) decreased to 5 days in 1955-1970
      and 4 days in 1971-1985.

PMID- 3376652
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the dynamics of the alcohol abstinence
      syndrome].
AB  - Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was used in 40 patients with the alcoholic
      abstinence syndrome (AAS), Stages I and II severity, either as a component of
      multiple modality (in combination with drugs) or the only treatment. The results
      of clinico-psychoneurological examination have demonstrated that the use of HBO
      in the treatment of patients with the AAS significantly accelerates the time of
      AAS elimination as compared with the control group receiving drug therapy alone.
      An HBO session markedly reduces psychoneurological and somatovegetative
      symptomatology which is attended by a reduction in systolic blood pressure and in
      the heart rate. Analysis of the electrocardiographic findings obtained in
      patients with alcoholic involvement of the heart at the height of the AAS has
      shown that HBO helps improve the myocardial status. The best results are achieved
      in patients with Stage II AAS when HBO therapy (two sessions daily) is started at
      early stages of the syndrome.

PMID- 3376654
TI  - [Various objective indicators of the degree of social and occupational
      decompensation and rehabilitation of patients with chronic alcoholism].
AB  - The authors analyzed the history and follow-up findings and studied neurologic,
      somatic and psychopathologic status as well as the adaptive function of the
      olfactory and cutaneous-algesic analyzers and constructive praxis in 175 patients
      with chronic alcoholism. The regularities of social decompensation are considered
      and the technique for its objective evaluation and classification is offered.
      Also specified are both unfavourable and favourable prognostic indicators of the
      rehabilitation of such patients.

PMID- 3376653
TI  - [Microcirculation in patients with alcoholic delirium (data of conjunctival
      biomicroscopy)].
AB  - Using conjunctival microscopy the authors examined 66 males with alcoholic
      delirium, 25 normal subjects and 20 patients with chronic alcoholism. Examination
      was carried out in the acute stage of psychosis and 12-16 days after its
      cessation. Patients with chronic alcoholism and alcoholic delirium had marked
      microcirculatory disturbances. Microcirculatory disturbances tended to get more
      serious with prolongation of psychosis and were also more prominent in patients
      with alcoholic delirium versus patients with chronic alcoholism. The therapy led
      only to a reduction in the conjunctival index reflecting perivascular changes.

PMID- 3376655
TI  - [Anti-alcoholic therapy in the complex treatment of patients with primary chronic
      recurrent pancreatitis and alcoholism].
AB  - On the basis of the examination of 30 patients the authors have concluded that to
      improve the efficacy of the treatment of chronic relapsing painful pancreatitis
      combined with alcoholism, it is necessary that the diagnosis and treatment of
      alcoholism be included into the multiple-modality therapy of these patients
      during their stay in surgical hospitals. The prognosis of alcoholism development
      should be taken into account in selecting therapeutic policy for such patients.
      Thus, it is recommended that full-scale surgical intervention be performed in
      patients with a low risk of a relapse of alcoholism in the postoperative period.
      In conducting antialcoholic treatment preference should be given to
      psychopharmacotherapy and psychotherapy because of the gravity of the patients'
      somatic status.

PMID- 3376656
TI  - [Outpatient stress psychotherapy of patients with alcoholism].
AB  - Trial of the method of stress psychotherapy developed by Dovzhenko has revealed
      its high efficacy: over 68% of treated patients continue the remission in a year
      after the treatment. The essence of the technique consists in the reaction of a
      stable psychological orientation toward a prolonged abstinence from alcohol by
      employing a complex of sequential psychotherapeutic methods and approaches
      materialized by means of physiogenic (stress) impacts aimed at activization of
      emotiogenic mechanisms of the brain.

PMID- 3376657
TI  - [Characteristics of the torpid course of psychopathy-like schizophrenia
      complicated by alcoholism].
AB  - A comparative study of two groups of patients with sluggish psychopathy-like
      schizophrenia complicated (n = 125) and uncomplicated (n = 85) by alcoholism has
      shown that alcoholism somewhat enlivens affectivity and reduces autistic
      manifestations, increasing, however, the progressive nature of the schizophrenic
      process and leading to the formation of a deeper defect.

PMID- 3376658
TI  - Studies on fatty acid elongation and desaturation in rat liver phospholipids in
      vivo.

PMID- 3376659
TI  - 7-Methylguanine nucleotides and their structural analogues; protolytic
      equilibria, complexing with magnesium (II) ion and kinetics for alkaline opening
      of the imidazole ring.
AB  - First-order rate constants for the alkaline opening of the imidazole ring of
      several 7-methylguanine nucleotides and their structural analogues were
      determined. The results obtained suggested that intramolecular interaction
      between the negatively charged 5'-phosphate group and the positively charged
      imidazole ring markedly retard the attack of hydroxide ion on the C8 atom of the
      7-methylguanine ring. In contrast, hardly any influence on the acidities of the
      interacting base and phosphate moieties was detectable. No effect on the
      complexing of the phosphate group with magnesium(II) ion could be detected.

PMID- 3376660
TI  - [Thyroglossal cysts].
AB  - We reviewed the records of 33 patients who underwent surgery for removal of a
      thyroglossal duct cyst at the Bordet Institute between 1970 and 1983. All
      patients had complete resection of a midline cervical lesion. In 27 cases the
      provisional diagnosis at presentation was confirmed by histological examination
      after surgery. The surgical procedure performed at the Bordet Institute and its
      results are analysed. We emphasize the need of resecting the central portion of
      the hyoid bone as well as the proximal tract of the thyroglossal duct. Twenty-six
      patients have been cured using this technique.

PMID- 3376661
TI  - [Treatment of large midline eventration with aponeurosis autograft and
      retromuscular prosthesis. Apropos of 40 case reports].
AB  - Forty patients presenting midline incisional hernias either recurring or larger
      than 10 cm in transversal diameter were treated using Teflon prosthesis.
      Implantation site was the retromuscular space following the J. Rives technique.
      There were no postoperative deaths. Nor have we observed any recurrence among the
      40 patients for a period of 6 to 56 months. Three wound infections completely
      exposing the prosthesis were recorded. These infections healed and it was
      necessary in only one case to remove a portion to the prosthesis. The low
      percentage of pulmonary complications can be attributed to 1) an intensive
      preoperative respiratory therapy, 2) standardized surgical technique, 3) epidural
      anesthesia permitting early effective postoperative respiratory therapy.

PMID- 3376662
TI  - [Treatment of intestinal atresia].
AB  - Thirteen cases of intestinal atresia are described: 9 jejunal and 4 ileal. The
      duration of pregnancy was significantly shorter and the birthweight significantly
      lower in jejunal than in ileal atresia. The proximal intestine was strongly
      dilated in 8/9 cases with jejunal atresia. This group also contains several
      complex and extended varieties of atresia. The postoperative mortality was 8%.
      Gastrointestinal functional disturbances occurred only in the group treated for
      jejunal atresia. These disturbances were temporary and occurred postoperatively
      in 2 cases but reoperation was mandatory in another 2 cases, once without
      functional success. There were no problems in the other cases. Ileal atresia is
      easy to treat and the result is always good. In contrast, the situation is much
      more challenging in cases of jejunal atresia: prematurity, higher incidence of
      complex and extended gastrointestinal malformations, impossibility to resect the
      dilated proximal segment, presence of a long under-developed distal segment. No
      problems have been observed after construction of a double stoma and restoration
      of the intestinal continuity. However a proximal stoma leads to important fluid
      and electrolyte losses, necessitating total parenteral nutrition. Functional
      gastrointestinal disturbances are frequently observed after end-to-side
      anastomosis in Y with mucous fistula. An end-to-end anastomosis can be combined
      with enteroplasty of the proximal distended bowel segment, eventually including
      the duodenum. Although the enteroplasty technique is an important progress in the
      treatment of neonates with extended types of jejunal atresia, transit problems
      cannot always be prevented by this procedure.

PMID- 3376664
TI  - Conservative treatment of fractures of the acetabulum. Results after longtime
      follow-up.
AB  - In a retrospective study the long-term results of conservative treatment of
      acetabular fractures has been evaluated. From 1967 through 1983, 79 patients with
      81 fractures of the acetabulum were treated. The fractures were classified
      according to Judet and Letournel (1). Out of these 79 patients 83% had multiple
      injuries. The mean Injury Severity Score was 34 (9-75). Follow-up examination was
      performed in 55 patients. Partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head appeared
      in 11%. Fractures without dislocation had all a good prognosis. Fractures with
      dislocation, where the anterior column was involved, had a relative similar
      prognosis. In 79% of patients, where the dorsal column or roof of the acetabulum
      was involved, had a moderate or bad result. We conclude that no optimal result
      can be expected, when in dorsal column or acetabular roof fractures the
      reposition achieved by conservative treatment is insufficient. In these cases
      operative reposition and fixation should be considered.

PMID- 3376663
TI  - Treatment of unstable, intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck by the
      cementless self-locking cephalic endoprosthesis.
AB  - Between July 1981 and July 1986, 152 patients with an unstable, intracapsular
      fracture of the femoral neck were treated with a prosthetic replacement. In a
      selected group of 75 very old individuals, with an average age of 82 years, a
      self-locking cephalic endoprosthesis was chosen. These patients were closely
      followed prospectively, during 3 months. The operative technique, the pre- and
      postoperative management are discussed. There was no peroperative mortality. The
      postoperative mortality rate (30 days) was very low (5.3%). Accidental fracture
      of the proximal femoral shaft occurred twice, during insertion of the prosthesis.
      No postoperative luxation was seen. The walking capacity of the survivors, 3
      months after surgery, was compared with the status before injury. The self
      locking cephalic endoprosthesis is a safe and time-economizing operative
      procedure. In our opinion, it is the treatment of choice for unstable, medial
      neck fractures of the femur in elderly patients, with a poor general condition
      and a limited life expectancy.

PMID- 3376665
TI  - Posttraumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta.
AB  - Ten patients with traumatic lesions of the thoracic aorta were seen in a
      hospital. Most were victims of traffic accidents and presented severe associated
      lesions along with their vascular trauma. We found that the vascular injuries
      were clinically manifest in only a minority of patients. The remaining ruptures
      were discovered through CT-scanning of the mediastinum or angiography. We believe
      that in every major trauma victim aortic lesions should be actively sought for by
      complimentary examinations to guarantee maximum survival of the patients.

PMID- 3376666
TI  - [Approach in the treatment of combined aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal lesions].
AB  - Recognition of the hemodynamic importance of aorto-iliac and femoro-popliteal
      stenoses or occlusions is essential for correct vascular reconstruction. Non
      invasive examinations, arteriography, pressure- and flow-measurements add their
      value to clinical judgment and surgical experience. Practical guides are given to
      decide for one-level-reconstruction, concomitant or delayed two-stage-repair, or
      a combination of balloon-dilation together with arterial reconstruction.

PMID- 3376667
TI  - [The treatment of deep hand infections].
AB  - Thirty patients with deep infections of the hand presented between 1982 and 1986
      in our Department of Traumatology. Twenty infections were caused by neglected cut
      or stab-wounds or animal bite injuries. Mostly Staphylococci or Streptococci
      were isolated from the wound culture. Only twelve patients could be operated upon
      ambulatory basis. Postoperative treatment was necessary for more than two months
      in half of the patients. The patients had a moderate or severe diminution of hand
      function. All cut- or stab-wounds and human or animal bite injuries of the
      fingers and hand must be considered as infected wounds. In patients with deep
      hand infections, surgical debridement and exploration should be performed
      urgently. Postoperative daily cleaning of the wound, washing out of the infected
      tendon sheath and passive mobilization of the fingers should be done. The active
      mobilization starts when infection is regressed and is continued for several
      weeks. Nevertheless we have to accept a significant loss of hand function in many
      patients.

PMID- 3376668
TI  - Parathyroid carcinoma. Report of a case.
AB  - Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of hyperparathyroidism. Its prognosis is
      mainly related to an en-bloc resection of the tumor and of the involved
      structures. However because of the small number of cases reported in the
      international literature, biological behaviour of the disease is not well known.
      In this report we describe one case of parathyroid carcinoma seen in our
      Institution. Preoperative presumption of parathyroid carcinoma thanks to clinical
      features and ultrasound imaging helped us in deciding an adequate surgical
      resection.

PMID- 3376669
TI  - [Rupture of the ulnar, collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of
      the thumb, so-called 'wobbly thumb'].
AB  - A stable metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is indispensable for a normal
      grip function of the hand. The joint is stabilized by collateral ligaments. A
      rupture of the ulnar, collateral ligament is often caused by a sports trauma, as
      indicated by the denominations "skiers duim", "goalkeeper's thumb" and "baseball
      thumb". Many surgeons are not familiar with the phenomenon of an insufficient
      collateral ligament, also called "wackeldaum". In the period 1981-1985 a
      consecutive series of 35 patients with a ruptured ulnar collateral ligament was
      operated in the De Wever hospital Heerlen (Netherlands). On the basis of our own
      patients, attention is given to the diagnosis, therapy and results of the
      operative treatment of these lesions.

PMID- 3376670
TI  - [Classification of hand fractures and their treatment].
AB  - Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the hand can inhibit directly and
      indirectly the precision of the hand mobility. The fracture of the scaphoid
      mostly occurs through his middle third and is stable. In unstable fractures or
      fractures through the proximal third pseudarthrosis or aseptic necrosis of the
      proximal fragment is seen. The fracture of the trapezium can prevent the normal
      mobility of the thumb, and therefore an anatomical reduction is desirable. The
      most important fractures of the metacarpals are Bennett's fracture and Rolando's
      fracture of metacarpal I and the boxer's fracture of metacarpal V. Fractures of
      the shaft of the metacarpals tend to heal in a dorsal angulation and rotational
      deformity. The distal intra-articular fracture of the metacarpals also needs an
      anatomical reduction and fixation. Frequently there is a volar angulation of the
      fracture of the proximal phalanx. The angulation of the fracture of the middle
      phalanx depends on the place of attachment of the superficial flexor tendon. The
      fractures of the distal phalanx mostly are stable and doesn't need a reduction.
      The fracture-dislocations of the little joints directly threaten the function of
      the lesioned joint. The fracture-dislocation of the carpometacarpal joints are
      always combined with an important soft-tissue damage. The treatment of the
      fracture-dislocations of the metacarpophalangeal or interphalangeal joints
      depends on the magnitude and displacement of the fracture fragments.

PMID- 3376671
TI  - [Segmental ileal resection of 19 cases of Meckel's diverticulum].

PMID- 3376672
TI  - [Should one operate on a transsexual patient?].
AB  - The author attempts to define some social, legislative and ethical conditions,
      which may improve the fate of transsexual candidates to surgery.

PMID- 3376674
TI  - A comparison of the behaviour of autologous and homologous platelets in
      microporous polyurethane grafts. An experimental study in sheep.
AB  - In experimental studies in sheep the behaviour of autologous and homologous
      platelets in microporous polyurethane grafts was compared at a flow rate of 25
      ml/min. The grafts were interposed to replace segments of resected carotid
      arteries. The deposition of 32P-labelled platelets on the graft wall was
      recorded, as were graft patency, thrombus weight and thrombus-free surface.
      Compared to autologous platelets, homologous platelets accumulated over longer
      periods of time and in greater numbers, leading to deposition of larger amounts
      of thrombus material and reduced patency.

PMID- 3376673
TI  - [Intramural bronchogenic esophageal cyst: an uncommon event in esophageal
      surgery].
AB  - Intramural bronchogenic cysts of the esophagus are uncommon. These benign
      esophageal tumors result from a wrong cleavage of the primitive gut in the 4
      weeks old embryo. Symptoms are often absent or atypical. By roentgenography and
      esophagoscopy, the diagnosis of benign tumor can be made. Even CT-scan can't give
      absolute certainty about the exact nature of the lesion. An exploratory
      thoracotomy, with enucleation of the tumor, is needed in all cases for definite
      diagnosis and treatment. The cysts are lined by columnar ciliated epithelium of
      the respiratory type. The presence of hyaline cartilage within the wall of the
      cyst allows to make the difference for sure between an esophageal cyst of
      bronchogenic origin and a cyst of enterogenous origin.

PMID- 3376675
TI  - Cholecystectomy in the cat damages pericholedochal nerves and impairs reflex
      regulation of the sphincter of Oddi. A mechanism for postcholecystectomy biliary
      dyskinesia.
AB  - A recent study demonstrated the activity of the feline sphincter of Oddi to be
      regulated by the distending pressure in the biliary tract via inhibitory nerves
      running along the common bile duct. In the present study this mechanism was
      investigated in cats previously subjected to cholecystectomy. An increment in the
      hydrostatic pressure in the biliary tree from 0 to 20 cmH2O did not affect the
      function of the sphincter of Oddi in cholecystectomized cats, but relaxed the
      sphincter in controls and in cats with sham operation. Morphologic study of the
      nerve arrangement in the feline extrahepatic biliary tract revealed that
      cholecystectomy is likely to damage pericholedochal nerves. These experimental
      observations may have relevance for the development of biliary dyskinesia
      following cholecystectomy in some patients, and suggest that when performing
      biliary-tract surgery it is important to preserve nerve fibers running along the
      common bile duct.

PMID- 3376676
TI  - Composition of biliary microcalculi studied with infrared spectrophotometry.
AB  - The chemical composition of biliary microcalculi obtained at 20 consecutive
      cholecystectomies was investigated with infrared spectroscopy. This method
      permits qualitative and quantitative analysis also of substances such as
      bilirubin which often remain in amorphous states. A PYE UNICAM spectrophotometer
      was used, with KBr pellet technique. A bile sample from each patient was taken
      for bacteriologic examination. The study confirmed previously observed high
      incidence of pigment microcalculi (60%). Calcium palmitate was more common (in
      15% of all the studied microliths and 25% of the pigment type) than in reports in
      the literature concerning larger gallstones. Calcium carbonate was present in
      only 10%. These findings suggested pathogenetic peculiarities of microlithiasis,
      as did the high incidence of positive bacteriologic tests.

PMID- 3376677
TI  - Effects of antrectomy and proximal duodenectomy on duodenal G-cell activity and
      proliferation in the rat.
AB  - The role of the antrum and duodenal bulb in gastrin regulation was investigated
      in 60 white rats, submitted to 1) simple laparotomy, or 2) antrectomy, or 3)
      antrectomy with additional removal of the duodenal bulb (1.5 cm). Serum gastrin
      levels 3-4 months after surgery were repeatedly measured with radioimmunoassay in
      fasted and in freely fed rats. The duodenum was thereafter removed and its
      proximal third used to assess the number and cytoplasmic granule content of
      duodenal G-cells. Basal serum gastrin levels were significantly increased by
      antrectomy, but reduced by additional resection of the duodenal bulb. Antrectomy,
      with or without proximal duodenectomy, completely abolished the gastrin response
      to feeding. Duodenal G-cell density was increased following antrectomy, but the
      phenomenon was not further enhanced by additional removal of the duodenal bulb.
      No significant changes in the patterns of gastrin granule maturation were found
      after antrectomy and proximal duodenectomy.

PMID- 3376678
TI  - Ulcerative colitis. Mortality and surgery in an unselected population.
AB  - 125 patients with ulcerative colitis, considered to represent the unselected
      population of patients with this disease from a defined catchment area during the
      years from 1961 to 1983, were studied. The mortality from colitis was 5%, with no
      peroperative death after 1978. No prophylactic proctocolectomy was performed and
      there were no deaths in colorectal cancer. The cumulative operation frequency was
      26%, and 37% in the subgroup of patients with total colitis. During the first 5
      years of disease the operation frequency was 14%. It is concluded that, in a
      unselected population of patients with ulcerative colitis, satisfying results can
      be obtained at a community hospital, providing the surgical attitude to severe
      acute and disabling chronic disease is aggressive.

PMID- 3376680
TI  - Local recurrence and survival after radical resection of rectal carcinoma.
AB  - The results of surgical treatment in 99 cases of rectal carcinoma operated on
      with curative intent by 26 surgeons were retrospectively analyzed and the
      resected specimens were reexamined according to the Astler-Coller staging system.
      No chemotherapy or radiotherapy had been given preoperatively. Local recurrence
      appeared within 5 years in 37% of the patients (within 2 years in 29%), with
      highest rate in stage C2 tumours in the lower third of the rectum. The recurrence
      rate did not differ between operations with abdominoperineal excision (n = 83) or
      with anterior resection (n = 16). All recurrences were treated with chemotherapy,
      radiotherapy or operation. Progressive disease without evidence of local
      recurrence was found in 11 patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 50%.
      The respective rates for Astler-Coller stages A, B1, B2, C1 and C2 were 86, 59,
      52, 33 and 27%.

PMID- 3376679
TI  - Abdominal rectopexy and sigmoid resection (Frykman-Goldberg operation) for rectal
      prolapse.
AB  - Transabdominal posterior rectopexy with resection of the redundant left colon
      (Frykman-Goldberg operation) was performed on 48 selected patients with complete
      rectal prolapse. Uterine suspension was also performed on most of the women. The
      30-day mortality rate was 2.1%. Prolapse recurred in 4 (9%) of the 45 patients
      followed up for 1-10 (mean 4.3) years. There were no complications attributable
      to bowel resection or anastomosis. Adequate data on both preoperative and
      postoperative anal function and bowel habit were available in 41 cases. All but
      two of the 32 patients with associated incontinence experienced improved anal
      control after the operation (9 regained normal continence). Bowel habit improved
      in 23 patients (56%), especially in those with chronic constipation. No patient
      reported increased problems of bowel management. The operation does not involve
      the risks associated with implantation of foreign material and can be especially
      beneficial for constipated patients with rectal prolapse who are fit for major
      abdominal surgery.

PMID- 3376681
TI  - Preoperative clinical and pathological variables in prognostic evaluation of
      patients with rectal cancer. A prospective study of 327 consecutive patients.
AB  - The prognostic information provided by a number of easily identified and
      preoperatively available characteristics was recorded prospectively and evaluated
      in 327 consecutive patients with rectal carcinoma. With use of the Cox regression
      model, the two variables indicating surgical non-curability, namely immobility of
      the tumour to the adjacent tissues and preoperatively diagnosed metastatic
      spread, showed the strongest relation to prognosis. Other variables predictive of
      a poorer outcome in all patients were abnormal liver function tests, large tumour
      size (number of degrees of the bowel wall circumference affected by the tumour),
      non-polypoid tumour growth, tumour ulceration, tumour stricture, tumour growth
      anteriorly and low histological differentiation in the preoperative biopsy. These
      variables, together with age, also gave information concerning the group of
      patients of interest for pre- or peroperatively initiated adjuvant therapy, i.e.
      patients potentially curable by surgery (locally resectable tumour and no known
      metastases). In this group, the two preoperatively available variables with the
      best prognostic value, polypoid tumour growth and age, appeared inferior to the
      postoperatively determined tumour stage (Dukes' staging). However, some clinical
      variables gave information additional to that provided by the tumour stage.

PMID- 3376682
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of a solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver. Case report.
AB  - A case of spontaneous rupture of a solitary nonparasitic liver cyst is described.
      This rare condition was detected in a 36-year-old woman who underwent
      cholecystectomy and cyst excision 3 days after appendectomy. The preoperative
      diagnosis, including the role of HIDA scan (Hydroxyiminodiacetic acid) is
      discussed.

PMID- 3376683
TI  - Peritonitis caused by abscess in the seminal vesicle. Case report.
AB  - Acute seminal vesiculitis is rare. It is most often associated with prostatitis
      and epididymitis. A case is presented in which a ruptured abscess of the seminal
      vesicle caused diffuse peritonitis. There appears to be no previous report of
      such abscess, which thus seems to be a very rare cause of acute abdomen.

PMID- 3376684
TI  - Long and short term patency of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas.
AB  - Eighty-three radiocephalic fistulas in 71 uremic patients were retrospectively
      investigated. The fistulas were grouped according to construction, viz. side of
      radial artery to side of cephalic vein and end of cephalic vein to side of radial
      artery. The aim was to find and evaluate factors influencing fistula patency
      rate, with special emphasis on type of anastomosis. The early failure rate was
      significantly higher in the end-to-side group. The late failure rate was not
      influenced by mode of fistula construction. The fistula failure rate showed no
      correlation to patient age. Diabetes did not influence failure rate, but
      significantly shortened the mean patency time.

PMID- 3376685
TI  - Amputations due to lower-limb ischemia. Analysis of a 3-year series.
AB  - Lower-limb amputation was performed on 261 patients from a catchment population
      of 232,500 in 1984-1986, and 253 of the amputees were retrospectively followed
      up. In 241 cases amputation was performed because of threatening or manifest
      gangrene, 95 of them without preceding consultation with vascular surgeons. In 19
      cases amputation followed thromboembolectomy. Of the 127 patients seen by
      vascular surgeons, 66 were judged to be unsuitable for reconstructive surgery, 22
      because of poor general health and 44 because of contraindicating vascular
      status. In the 61 patients with vascular reconstruction prior to amputation, the
      level of amputation did not differ from that in patients without such antecedent
      surgery. The proportion of cases rejected for vascular surgery rose from 18% in
      1984 to 33% in 1986. The need for amputation could probably be reduced by earlier
      detection and vascular surgical evaluation of arterial insufficiency.

PMID- 3376686
TI  - Influence of intravenous injection of sclerosing agents on the respiratory
      function.
AB  - Severe lung injury (ARDS) has occasionally been observed after sclerotherapy for
      bleeding oesophageal varices. In order to study the effects of sclerosing agents,
      which may escape into the systemic circulation during treatment, seven sheep were
      given either ethanolamine oleate (n = 4) or sodium tetradecyl sulfate (n = 3)
      intravenously. A control group (n = 3) was treated identically with the others
      except it did not receive any sclerosing agent. The study showed that both
      sclerosing agents caused an immediate and severe fall in total respiratory
      compliance and arterial oxygen tension. There was a marked trapping of platelets
      in the lungs, which was also reflected by a drop in platelet count in peripheral
      blood. The lungs from the animals receiving sclerosing agents appeared moderately
      to severely congested and the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was significantly
      increased compared with untreated normal lungs (p less than 0.01).
      Histopathological examination revealed severe damage to the alveolar membranes,
      intraalveolar fibrino-haemorrhagic exudate, collapse of alveolar spaces and
      numerous eosinophilic leukocytes in the broadened, oedematous alveolar walls. It
      was concluded that the sclerosing agents used in this study, ethanolamine oleate
      and sodium tetradecyl sulphate, cause severe lung injury if given intravenously
      in sheep in doses corresponding to 25-50% of what is normally used during
      sclerotherapy in patients. The mechanism of this action may be that of an
      increased microvascular permeability causing marked alveolar damage and
      destruction of the blood gas barrier of the lungs.

PMID- 3376687
TI  - Endoscopic biliary drainage in malignant bile duct obstruction.
AB  - During a four-year period endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD)--preoperative in 25
      and permanent in 45 patients--was successfully established without sphincterotomy
      in 70 out of 89 referred patients (79%) with malignant bile duct obstruction. 51
      of the patients had internal stents and 19 external naso-biliary tubes. There was
      no procedure-related mortality or severe complications such as perforation or
      bleeding. One patient, however, got a moderate pancreatitis after stent drainage
      (1%). In the early drainage period (before operation or discharge) the
      cholangitis rate was 10%, and during the late period (after discharge) it rose to
      27% of the patients. 68 of all 70 patients (94%) had a reduction in S-bilirubin
      concomitant with clinical improvement and 27 of the 45 patients (59%) with
      permanent drainage became unjaundiced. Recurrent or increasing jaundice occurred,
      however, in half the number of these patients (23/45) after an average of 89
      days; twelve of them had a temporary regression of jaundice after exchange of
      stents in spite of advanced disease. The use of multiple stents did not reduce
      the risk of recurrent jaundice or of cholangitis. It is concluded that EBD
      inserted without sphincterotomy is a safe and efficient non-surgical alternative
      in the treatment of malignant bile duct obstruction.

PMID- 3376688
TI  - Increased plasma malondialdehyde in patients with small intestinal strangulation
      obstruction.
AB  - Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was evaluated as an index of lipid peroxidation in
      20 patients with small intestinal obstruction, with or without strangulation. The
      gut proved to be strangulated in nine cases--irreversibly in five and reversibly
      in four--while 11 patients had simple obstruction. The MDA levels in these cases
      were compared with values obtained from 29 healthy control subjects. The mean MDA
      level in the control group was 2.3 +/- 0.7 (range 1.5-4.0) mumol/l. In the
      patients with strangulation obstruction the MDA concentration was 6.7 +/- 1.6
      mumol/l, and in those with simple obstruction it was 2.9 +/- 0.5 mumol/l. The
      difference between the MDA level in strangulation and in the other investigated
      groups was statistically significant. Values above 4 mumol/l were found in all
      the patients with intestinal strangulation, whereas those with simple obstruction
      had lower values. The heightened MDA level in patients with intestinal
      strangulation may be used for diagnostic purposes.

PMID- 3376689
TI  - Gastrocolic fistulas.
AB  - Sixteen patients were treated for gastrocolic fistula arising as a complication
      of peptic ulcer (11 cases), colonic perforation (2), gastric cancer (1), colonic
      cancer (1) or pancreatitis (1). The predominant symptoms were diarrhoea, weight
      loss and abdominal pain. Barium meal and barium enema were the most reliable
      means of diagnosis, and no fistula was gastroscopically demonstrable. A one-stage
      en bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region was performed in eight
      cases. Other operations were simple excision (3), gastric resection with closure
      of the colonic wall (2) and colectomy with closure of the gastric wall (2). In
      one case cure was achieved with cimetidine, without surgical intervention. Four
      patients died postoperatively and two had recurrence of fistula.

PMID- 3376690
TI  - Intestinal absorption of oxalic acid in ileostomized patients.
AB  - The diagnostic usefulness of an intestinal oxalic acid absorption test was
      evaluated in nine patients with ileostomy. They received an oral overload of 250
      mg sodium oxalate and 4 Ci oxalic acid-C14 and a controlled diet. The urinary
      levels of cold and radioactive oxalic acid were measured 24 and 48 hours after
      the overload. Intestinal oxalic acid absorption in the ileostomized patients was
      found to be normal, with 16.13 +/- 5.1% of the administered dose being
      eliminated/recovered in the urine 48 hours after the overload (control value =
      14.5 +/- 2.8%). The dose of radioactivity excreted on the second day after the
      overload was smaller in the ileostomy group than in the control group, possibly
      connected with the absence of colon. The results suggest that in ileostomized
      patients whose colon has been removed, oxalic acid absorption is normal. Hence
      there appears to be no risk of oxalic lithiasis in this group.

PMID- 3376691
TI  - Papillary-cystic tumour of the pancreas. Case report.
AB  - A papillary-cystic pancreatic tumour was excised in a 19-year-old girl, who was
      apparently free from recurrence 20 months later. Despite morphologic indications
      of malignancy, the prognosis after surgical removal of this uncommon tumour is
      good. Its origin probably is the epithelial cells of the small pancreatic ducts.
      The case is described and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3376693
TI  - Primary linitis plastica of the small bowel. Case report.
AB  - Linitis plastica carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. No case with
      origin in the small intestine has been reported in the available literature. A 29
      year-old man with vague abdominal symptoms and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy
      was found to have primary linitis plastica of the ileum. The prognosis is poor.

PMID- 3376692
TI  - Actinomycosis mimicking abdominal neoplasm. Case report.
AB  - In a patient with a 6-month history of nonspecific abdominal complaints,
      preoperative examination indicated malignant disease involving the right ovary,
      rectum and sigmoid, but laparotomy revealed abdominal actinomycosis. Removal of
      the ovary and low anterior colonic resection followed by penicillin treatment
      gave a good result.

PMID- 3376694
TI  - Acute spontaneous streptococcal myositis. Case report.
AB  - Streptococcal myositis of the acute spontaneous type is extremely rare. To the
      best of our knowledge, this report describes the first case in which a patient
      has survived, and reviews the differential diagnosis. The treatment is primarily
      surgical.

PMID- 3376695
TI  - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the ileum. Case report.
AB  - In a 55-year-old woman with intestinal obstruction and intussusception, an
      excised segment of distal ileum was shown by light and electron microscopy and
      immunohistologically to contain an inflammatory fibroid polyp. This rare, usually
      solid lesion of the gastrointestinal canal should be included in differential
      diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction and intussusception.

PMID- 3376696
TI  - Cytochemical assay of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in koilocytes.
AB  - New cervical smears were obtained from 24 patients with a cytologic diagnosis of
      typical condyloma for a cytochemical assay of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      (G6PDH) activity in the koilocytes that are pathognomonic of this lesion. The
      smears were air dried and were processed according to Nachlas' modified
      technique. The controls used were smears from normal cases (which show no G6PDH
      activity), from dysplasias (which show high levels) and from carcinomas (which
      show very high G6PDH levels). In the cases of typical condyloma studied, the
      level of G6PDH was null in 16 (66.7%), very low in 2 (8.3%) and low in 6 (25.0%).
      If this assay for G6PDH gives the total enzymatic activity of the cell, showing
      low enzymatic levels in condylomas and high enzymatic levels in dysplasias and
      carcinomas, an increase in G6PDH activity could indicate the transition of an
      intraepithelial lesion from condyloma to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

PMID- 3376697
TI  - A comparison between the Accu-Pap device and the extended-tip wooden Ayre spatula
      for cervical cytology sampling.
AB  - The wooden Ayre spatula with an extended endocervical tip was compared with both
      designs of the plastic Accu-Pap sampler in two series of 100 consecutive patients
      to compare their adequacy in obtaining samples for cervical cytology. There was
      no significant advantage noted in the smears taken by either spatula. In terms of
      the sequence of smears, the second smear generally contained more endocervical
      cells and less often showed an absence of diagnostic cells.

PMID- 3376698
TI  - The cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri and related
      lesions. II. Microinvasive adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Criteria for the cytologic diagnosis of microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the
      cervix have not been previously established. Such cytologic criteria were evolved
      through the detailed analysis of cervical smears from 40 histologically confirmed
      cases. The cellular features of cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) were always
      associated with microinvasion. Syncytia of glandular cells, small cells in very
      crowded sheets and papillary groupings of cells, when seen in conjunction with
      AIS, were suggestive of microinvasion. Dissociation of cells was common. Nuclear
      pleomorphism with an irregular chromatin pattern and inconspicuous-to-prominent
      nucleoli was frequently present. In some cases, a tumor diathesis was seen in the
      smear background. Using these criteria, our predictive accuracy for diagnosing
      microinvasive cervical adenocarcinoma is improving steadily and now approaches
      50%. Ongoing investigation of these cases must include a diagnostic come biopsy
      to further improve the predictive accuracy for this lesion.

PMID- 3376699
TI  - The cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri and related
      lesions. III. Pitfalls in diagnosis.
AB  - Potential pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of
      the cervix are illustrated by the presentation of three cases of benign cervical
      lesions initially diagnosed as AIS: cervical endometriosis, tubal metaplasia of
      the endocervix and changes due to a previous biopsy. The differential diagnosis
      of endocervical glandular abnormalities is discussed.

PMID- 3376700
TI  - Cytologic findings in endometrial hyperplasia.
AB  - The cytologic findings in 15 endometrial hyperplasias were compared with those of
      normal endometrium and well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma.
      Differences in tumor diathesis, hypercellularity, uneven internuclear distance,
      severe piling up of nuclei, anisokaryosis, nuclear size and macronucleoli were
      the main cytologic findings that were noted among the three conditions. These
      features varied in the different types of endometrial hyperplasia. It is not
      clear that these cytologic findings can be used to cytologically diagnose
      endometrial hyperplasia because some of the findings involve subjective judgments
      by different cytologists. Further studies on larger series of cases will be
      necessary to establish the cytologic criteria for the correct interpretation of
      endometrial abnormalities.

PMID- 3376701
TI  - Detection of Candida antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
AB  - While bronchoalveolar lavage is frequently performed to evaluate
      immunocompromised hosts for infection, the significance of rare yeasts found on
      the cytologic examination of lavage fluid is unclear. This study used the latex
      agglutination method to test lavage fluids for Candida antigen to assess its
      usefulness in distinguishing Candida pneumonia from Candida colonization of the
      respiratory tract or oral contamination of the lavage specimen. Ninety-seven
      specimens from 87 patients were categorized on the basis of historical,
      microbiologic, cytologic and serologic data. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were
      positive for Candida antigen in 0 of 20 specimens from normal controls, 0 of 14
      specimens from patient controls, 5 (36%) of 14 specimens from patients with
      Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 0 of 5 specimens from patients with
      gastrointestinal candidiasis, 0 of 9 specimens contaminated by oral-derived
      yeasts, 2 (10%) of 19 specimens from patients with probable Candida colonization
      and 15 (94%) of 16 specimens from patients with clinical and laboratory evidence
      of Candida pneumonia. We conclude that this test assists in the differentiation
      of Candida pneumonia from other situations in which yeasts are recovered by
      bronchoalveolar lavage.

PMID- 3376702
TI  - Nonaspiration fine needle cytology. Application of a new technique to nodular
      thyroid disease.
AB  - The basic principle underlying fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the aspiration of
      cellular material from target masses, often utilizing fairly high suction
      pressures. The procedure requires a needle and a syringe, advisedly held in a
      syringe holder, enabling single-handed suction to be exercised. Mastery of the
      technique is variable, with few operators acquiring consistent skill. A new
      technique, pioneered in France but essentially unpublicized, eliminates active
      aspiration, replacing it by the principle of capillary suction of fluid or
      semifluid material into a thin channel (a fine needle). This nonaspiration
      sampling method was tested in a consecutive series of 50 solid thyroid nodules.
      Simultaneously performed conventional FNAs served as controls. Cell samples were
      cytologically assessed as unsuitable, diagnostic/adequate or diagnostic/superior,
      without knowledge of the sampling method employed. Diagnostically superior
      specimens were obtained significantly more frequently by the nonaspiration
      technique in 36 benign lesions and 13 neoplasms. The method of nonaspiration fine
      needle cytology ("cytopuncture") is described and illustrated, and the
      implications for its use in other sites are discussed.

PMID- 3376703
TI  - White sponge nevus. Diagnosis by light microscopic and ultrastructural cytology.
AB  - The lesions of white sponge nevus, an autosomal dominant abnormality of squamous
      epithelial differentiation that primarily affects the oral cavity, may be grossly
      similar to those of other hereditary mucosal syndromes, infections or
      preneoplastic/neoplastic processes. This differential diagnosis is best resolved
      in many cases by exfoliative cytology, interpreted in the context of clinical
      history and physical findings. The following report describes a case of white
      sponge nevus with typical clinical and cytologic findings, in which the diagnosis
      was confirmed by ultrastructural cytology. Light microscopic cytology revealed
      parakeratotic cells and many cells containing dense eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
      inclusions. Electron micrographs of exfoliated cells demonstrated that these
      inclusions are composed of disordered aggregates of tonofilaments.

PMID- 3376704
TI  - Cytology of meningiomas and neurilemomas in crush preparations. A useful adjunct
      to frozen section diagnosis.
AB  - Twenty-three meningiomas and 14 neurilemomas were studied by frozen section and
      crush-preparations techniques. These two types of tumors displayed distinctive
      cytologic pictures, permitting a correct identification in all cases. Six cases
      of deeply seated and unusually located meningioma and neurilemoma with equivocal
      or erroneous frozen section diagnoses were correctly diagnosed cytologically in
      the crush preparations.

PMID- 3376705
TI  - Cytologic appearance of esthesioneuroblastoma in a fine needle aspirate.
AB  - Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) is a rare malignant neoplasm
      derived from the olfactory epithelium. It was diagnosed by cytologic study of
      fine needle aspiration biopsy smears of a tumor situated in the nasopharynx in a
      57-year-old man.

PMID- 3376706
TI  - Fine needle aspiration cytology of paraganglionic tumors.
AB  - A comparative study of six paragangliomas from different locations and with
      different clinical behavior was performed. The fine needle aspirates in all cases
      were similar: abundant cells with round or oval nuclei and marked anisokaryosis
      with a tendency to form acini or follicular structures. Pheochromocytomas often
      contained binucleated cells and had cells with prominent intranuclear cytoplasmic
      inclusions more often than did other paraganglionic tumors. Similar features were
      seen in the excised tumors. Evaluation of the significance of nuclear variations
      with morphometry confirmed the subjective impression that nuclear pleomorphism is
      not an indicator of the biologic behavior of these lesions; paradoxically,
      malignant paragangliomas show less anisokaryosis than do their benign
      counterparts.

PMID- 3376707
TI  - Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve diagnosed by fine needle
      aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of an orbital mass was performed under CT guidance
      in a nine-year-old boy presenting with rapidly increasing proptosis of the right
      eye with lateral displacement and no light perception. The cytologic findings
      consisted of bipolar astrocytes with cytoplasmic fibrillated processes
      intermingled with Rosenthal fibers. A cytologic diagnosis of juvenile pilocytic
      astrocytoma was advanced; this was confirmed by subsequent histologic study of
      the surgical specimen. The differential diagnosis among juvenile pilocytic
      astrocytoma, neurilemmoma and meningioma of the optic nerve are discussed.

PMID- 3376709
TI  - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Sixteen cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle
      aspiration biopsy were reviewed. Polygonal malignant epithelial cells present in
      sheets with loose or strong cellular cohesiveness and granular, vacuolated or
      filmy cytoplasm were the characteristic findings of this type of tumor.

PMID- 3376710
TI  - Can hairspray be used as a smear fixative? A comparison between two types of
      coating fixatives.
AB  - Pairs of smears from 25 consecutive women undergoing routine screening and 30
      consecutive colposcopy patients suspected of having cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia were randomized and fixed with either Merckofix or a hairspray to
      compare their use as coating fixatives. Vacuolated cells from the cervical
      transformation zone were present in 9 of 25 and 24 of 30 smears fixed with
      hairspray against 2 of 25 and 2 of 30 of smears fixed with Merckofix in the two
      series, respectively. These findings indicate that the fixative effect of
      commercial hairsprays always should be tested before such hairsprays are
      introduced into routine procedures.

PMID- 3376708
TI  - Asymptomatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma masquerading as a rare primary
      pancreatic carcinoma. Diagnosis by percutaneous fine needle aspiration.
AB  - An unusual case of asymptomatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus
      metastatic to the pancreas, mimicking a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm, is
      reported. Percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of a pancreatic lesion
      showed squamous cell carcinoma, which in the pancreas is virtually always
      metastatic in origin. This prompted a search for an occult primary elsewhere,
      resulting in the discovery of an esophageal neoplasm, which in itself is one of
      the least likely sources of pancreatic metastases. FNA biopsy was thus a useful
      and accurate diagnostic tool in establishing the true nature of the pancreatic
      neoplasm, sparing the patient unnecessary pancreatic surgery, with its attendant
      morbidity and hospital costs.

PMID- 3376712
TI  - Fine needle aspiration of metastatic retinoblastoma.

PMID- 3376711
TI  - A cytopreparatory method for cerebrospinal fluid in which the cell yield is high
      and the fluid is saved for chemical analysis.
AB  - A method for the concentration of cells from cerebrospinal fluid is described. An
      adaptation of a commercial cytochamber, consisting of a holder that fixes a
      disposable chamber directly on a microscope slide, was used. The cells were spun
      down in a conventional swing-out centrifuge, which was provided with a bucket for
      the cytochamber system. After removing most of the supernatant with a pipette,
      the remaining fluid was absorbed by means of a suction device consisting of a
      disposable pipette tip covered with a piece of Leukopor and filled with Sephadex
      G10 beads. The method gives a high recovery of cells (90%), together with a good
      preservation of cell morphology, and leaves about 80% of the fluid available for
      analysis of the soluble components.

PMID- 3376713
TI  - Cytology of amyloidosis in smears of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 3376714
TI  - Neuroendocrine changes in basal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3376715
TI  - Use of bronchial brushings in the immunocytochemical assessment of human lung
      tumors.

PMID- 3376716
TI  - [Leukocyturia].
AB  - Leucocyturia as a consequence of an inflammation of the urinary track or adjacent
      tissue can be detected by various clinical and laboratory methods. The technique
      and clinical relevance of the different methods as well as differential
      diagnostic aspects of leucocyturia are discussed.

PMID- 3376717
TI  - [Recommendations for the medical staff key based on the time requirements for
      cardiologic operations. Published by the Commission for Clinical Cardiology of
      the German Society for Heart and Circulation Research].

PMID- 3376718
TI  - [Hematuria].
AB  - Haematuria represents an important clinical sign, which is easely detected by the
      test-stripe method. In the differential diagnosis between haematuria,
      haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria, however, urine microscopy is essential.
      Evaluation of urinary red cell morphology (glomerular and nonglomerular
      erythrocytes) is often helpful in the aetiopathogenetic classification of
      haematuria by distinguishing glomerular bleeding from haematuria due to
      urological disorders. The various renal and extrarenal causes of haematuria are
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3376719
TI  - Neuroanatomical study of Galen's anastomosis (nervus laryngeus) in the dog.
AB  - To further knowledge of the laryngeal nerves, the nerve fibers of Galen's
      anastomosis were studied using two neuroanatomical methods, namely nerve
      degeneration and horseradish peroxidase labeling. It is demonstrated that the
      superior laryngeal nerve forms part of the tracheal and esophageal nervous
      system. The value of the results in relation to physiological laryngeal studies
      and to human laryngeal diseases is discussed.

PMID- 3376720
TI  - Adjustment of the myelin sheath to axonal atrophy in the rat spinal root by the
      formation of infolded myelin loops.
AB  - Atrophy of the L4 dorsal and ventral spinal roots was experimentally induced by
      unilateral sciatic neurectomy in groups of young (2 and 4 months) and older (12
      months) albino rats. During the 4 months following neurectomy, the occurrence of
      infolded myelin loops (IMLs) was quantitatively examined in transverse sections
      prepared using perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde and embedding in epoxy
      resin. The number of IMLs was higher on the operated side and increased with the
      time of survival and the age of the animals. The formation of IMLs is a
      characteristic early response of a large-caliber myelin sheath to axonal atrophy,
      probably reflecting the presence of redundant myelin.

PMID- 3376721
TI  - Anatomical and computed tomographic studies of the pancreatic tail.
AB  - The location of the pancreatic tail in the lienorenal ligament and its
      relationship to the splenic hilus were studied in 32 computed tomography (CT)
      scannings and in 37 autopsy specimens. We found several anatomical variations in
      both study groups: the pancreatic tail did not penetrate the lienorenal ligament
      in 24% of the autopsy specimens and in 37.5% of the CT group. The tail was
      adjacent to the splenic hilus in 29.7% of the autopsies and in 25% of the CT
      group. We classified the anatomical variations into 4 categories, three of which
      could be well demonstrated on CT with satisfactory correlation to the anatomical
      findings of the autopsy specimens.

PMID- 3376722
TI  - Fine structure of melanocytes and macrophages in the Harderian gland of the
      mouse.
AB  - The presence of dendritic cells containing melanin granules has been demonstrated
      employing silver impregnation and electron microscopy in the interstitial tissue
      of the Harderian gland of the mouse. Two types of melanocytes, either with or
      without the various developmental stages of melanin granules, were found in the
      gland. Cells with developing granules were more dendritic and contained a large
      number of cytoplasmic organelles. The other cells were ellipsoidal or slender in
      shape and contained few cytoplasmic organelles and a large number of fully
      melanized granules, but no developing granules. In general, the granules of the
      Harderian gland melanocytes resembled granules from other organs (particularly
      the skin of the eyelids). The general size range of the granules was 0.2-0.9
      micron. Each granule was enclosed by a membrane. The Harderian gland macrophages
      contained fully pigmented melanin granules of various sizes. The granules were
      enclosed by a membrane either singly or in groups. Some of the melanin granules
      within the phagosomes showed signs of degradation, revealing the underlying
      matrix.

PMID- 3376724
TI  - Morphological changes in locus ceruleus of albino rats in relation to aging.
AB  - Comparative studies were carried out under light, fluorescence- and electron
      microscopic observations between young, adult and aged groups of albino rats with
      the following results: the neuronal packing density of locus ceruleus decreases
      with advanced age. In addition to the senescent loss of nerve cells, the
      surviving ones showed some shrinkage of perikarya and reduction or loss of Nissl
      substance. Some of them presented pyknosis, chromatolysis and loss of RNA in
      cytoplasm. Glial cells proliferated around the degenerating cells. Senescent
      cells showed an increase of heterochromatin and decrease of euchromatin. Changes
      in cytoplasmic organelles included the decrease of ribosomes, alterations in
      mitochondria and increase of lipofuscins. These senescent changes were thought to
      affect the absorption of nutrition, message exchange, protein synthesis, supply
      of energy and transport of materials by the nerve cells.

PMID- 3376723
TI  - Pericyte response during choriocapillaris atrophy in the rabbit.
AB  - The rabbit and rat choriocapillaris atrophies in response to experimental
      destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium by intravenous injection of sodium
      iodate. This provides a convenient model of capillary atrophy. We have observed
      that pericytes are spared during this process; the atrophy is due to loss of
      endothelium only. Extensive examination of thin sections obtained 1 day to 11
      weeks after administration of iodate showed that pericytes retained their normal
      relationship to the remnant capillary basement membrane left behind as the
      endothelial tube atrophied. This was most conspicuously manifested in their
      retention of processes longitudinally disposed along the sleeves of remnant
      basement membrane. The processes retained bundles of actin filaments that had
      dense regions along them and inserted into subplasmalemmal densities at basement
      membrane attachment sites, i.e. they had the characteristics of stress fibers.
      The pericytes did not phagocytose the debris of endothelial necrosis, in spite of
      their known phagocytic abilities. Necrotic endothelial cells were eliminated by
      sloughing into the capillary lumen. The observations support the idea that the
      function of pericytes in the choriocapillaris, the major source of nutrition for
      the retinal photoreceptors, resides in their contractility, and that pericytes do
      not remove necrotic endothelium during capillary atrophy.

PMID- 3376725
TI  - Filipin-sterol complexes in disrupted myelin in the rat.
AB  - Using filipin as a cytochemical probe for cholesterol we have compared the
      distribution of filipin labelling in mildly disrupted myelin and normal myelin.
      The myelin lamellae in rat sciatic nerve were separated either by hypotonic
      saline (0.035-0.07 M) or nerve section (24-32 h) before aldehyde fixation and
      filipin treatment. Myelin separation was assessed in ultrathin sections and
      filipin distribution in freeze-fracture replicas. In separated myelin lamellae
      filipin labelling was similar throughout the myelin sheath while in normal
      control myelin filipin occurred most in the outer (abaxonal), least in the inner
      (adaxonal) and intermediate in the middle lamellae. It is concluded that this
      heterogeneous filipin labelling in normal myelin is a result of diffusion
      gradients to filipin within the myelin sheath and that in vivo cholesterol is
      uniformly distributed throughout all the lamellae of the myelin sheath. The site
      of the diffusion barrier to filipin within normal myelin is considered.

PMID- 3376726
TI  - Peroxisomes in the rat brain and the effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
      during postnatal development. An electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Peroxisomes were identified in the neurons of cerebral cortex of 12-day-old
      suckling rats from normal and plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-fed
      mothers. The study suggests that DEHP passed to the pups through the mother's
      milk during nursing can induce peroxisomal proliferation in neurons during
      postnatal development.

PMID- 3376727
TI  - Multilamellar glial envelopes of synapses in the pontine nuclei of the cat.
AB  - Multilamellar glial envelopes of synapses were observed in an ultrastructural
      study of the pontine nuclei of cats. They consist of several concentric coils,
      representing lamellar expansions of the astrocytic processes. Glial envelopes
      completely wrap various synapses (axodendritic, axospinous, glomerulus-like
      complexes, and contacts between vesicle containing profiles). The possibility
      that multilamellar glial envelopes might play a role in isolating and protecting
      diverse neurotransmitters in the pontine nuclei from loss and mingling is
      discussed.

PMID- 3376728
TI  - In vitro growth of the nasal septal cartilage of the rat in a serum-free culture
      medium. [3H]-thymidine incorporation studies.
AB  - To evaluate the capacity for growth of cartilage in vitro, the cartilaginous
      nasal septum was cultured in a serum-free medium in short- and long-term
      incubation periods. The proliferative activity was assessed by relating counts
      per minute (cpm) obtained in the liquid scintillater after [3H]-thymidine
      incorporation with the DNA content of the tissue under investigation. Cell
      proliferation was interpreted as being synonymous with the DNA synthesizing
      activity or the cpm/microgram DNA ratio. Short-term incubation (24 h) tended to
      show the same proliferative activity which we have previously found in vivo and
      as autotransplants, showing that the presence of serum seems to be of little
      importance under these conditions. Long-term incubation in a serum-free medium
      tended to show a gradual loss of proliferative activity, emphasizing the need for
      either serum or other growth-promoting factors as necessary for continued normal
      proliferation of cartilage in vitro.

PMID- 3376729
TI  - Electron-microscopical study of the choroid plexus and epiplexus cells in cats
      following a cisternal injection of crotoxin complex.
AB  - The choroid plexus and its associated epiplexus cells in the fourth ventricle in
      cats were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM)
      following a cisternal injection of crotoxin complex (phospholipase A2). In SEM,
      the epiplexus cells of the control animals were predominantly stellate with long
      radiating processes. At 2 h after the administration of crotoxin complex, these
      radiating processes flattened out forming sheet-like membranes covering the
      ventricular surface of the choroid epithelial cells. The membranous coverings
      remained extended in 5-hour-survival cats. Numerous blebs of different sizes were
      observed in areas that were not covered by the cytoplasmic membrane in 5-hour
      animals. Some of the blebs appeared to have ruptured. In TEM, the microvilli of
      the choroid epithelial cells in crotoxin complex-treated rats were dilated. The
      luminal surface of the epithelial cells showed eruption of blebs filled with
      amorphous materials. Pinocytotic vesicles increased in number in the apical
      cytoplasm. The lumen of the ventricle often contained portions of cytoplasm
      believed to be derived from the extrusion of the blebs. These appeared to be
      engulfed by the overlying epiplexus cells. It was concluded that the injected
      crotoxin complex stimulated both the secretory as well as pinocytotic activity of
      the choroid epithelial cells. The phagocytosis of the secretory products from the
      epithelial cells by epiplexus cells suggests a close functional relationship
      between the two cell types.

PMID- 3376730
TI  - Development of alveolar septa and formation of alveolar pores during the early
      postnatal period in the rat lung.
AB  - In order to investigate the formation of alveolar pores, lungs of rats, after
      intratracheal perfusion of glutaraldehyde, are processed at postnatal days 1, 7,
      14, 16 and 21 for light and transmission electron microscopy and at days 7 and 16
      for scanning electron microscopy. The initial low secondary crests of day 1
      rapidly elongate to pleats subdividing the primary saccules. The ledges of some
      pleats partly grow toward each other as ring like diaphragms, leaving openings
      whose boundary is composed of alveolar epithelium separated by a basal lamina
      from a connective tissue sheath with capillaries. At day 7, in scanning electron
      microscopy the lumina of some rudimentary alveoli communicate by apertures of
      different sizes, as a result of the outgrowth of curved alveolar pleats which
      narrow to a ring-like aperture. The interalveolar openings observed in scanning
      electron microscopy resemble those investigated by light and transmission
      electron microscopy. The number of interalveolar pores increases from day 7 on;
      they become more and more frequent at days 14, 16 and 21, respectively. It
      appears that alveolar multiplication in newborn rats proceeds not only by
      segmentation of terminal respiratory units but also by compoundment of septa. The
      difference between genuine pores and transsections of folds in transmission
      electron microscopy will be given closer attention in this study. Also, the
      incidence and location of type II pneumocytes during rapid enlargement of the
      alveolar surface area is discussed.

PMID- 3376731
TI  - Microvasculature of the feline stomach.
AB  - The feline gastric microvasculature was studied by corrosion of the injected
      vascular bed, which allowed evaluation of the vascular pattern of the different
      tunics. The serosal pattern consisted of numerous interconnected capillary
      vessels, forming a delicate network. Submucosal arteries supplied the muscular
      tunic through numerous anastomosing vessels that followed the direction of the
      smooth muscle fibers. The entire mucosal tunic was supplied by arterioles derived
      from the submucosal plexus; these gave rise to capillaries that surrounded the
      gastric glands and terminated in a diffuse, anastomosing subepithelial capillary
      network. Venules coursed through the mucosa in a perpendicular manner, forming
      submucosal veins.

PMID- 3376732
TI  - Arterial segmentation and subsegmentation in the human spleen.
AB  - The segmental nature of the arterial tree of the human spleen was analyzed in 181
      subjects of both sexes, who had died of various accidental causes. Based on the
      observation of the pattern of the terminal and polar splenic branches, selective
      arteriographs and corrosion casts, and taking account of the ideas reported in
      the literature, we proposed that the spleen is divided in arterial segments and
      subsegments. Segments are the territories corresponding to both the primary
      branches of the splenic artery (primary segments) and the polar arteries (polar
      segments). In 92.82% of the cases there are two primary segments and in 7.18%
      three primary segments. Associated to these, in 29.28% there is a superior polar
      segment, in 44.75% an inferior polar segment, and in 10.49% both superior and
      inferior polar segments are present. Thus, the number of segments varies from two
      to five. Occasionally, two or three inferior polar segments can be present.
      Subsegments are the territories corresponding to the extrasplenic subdivisions of
      the primary branches and the polar arteries. According to the number of arterial
      subdivisions, the subsegments can be of second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth
      order. The last branches of the splenic artery (penetrating arteries) are all
      subsegmentary in nature and supply hilar or polar subsegments. Anastomoses
      between extrasplenic branches of the splenic artery were observed in 19.89% of
      the cases. Sometimes, thin anastomotic bridges could be observed between arterial
      splenic compartments.

PMID- 3376733
TI  - Myocutaneous vascular territory of the thoracoacromial artery. A topographical
      and morphometric study of the arterial vascularization of the pectoralis major
      myocutaneous flap.
AB  - In order to clarify the vascularization of the pectoralis major muscle by the
      pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery, morphometric investigations and
      selective injection studies of the vessel were performed. A comparison with the
      anatomical orientation points clinically used for locating the vessel and its
      course confirms that the origin of the artery is at a constant spot at half the
      sternoacromial distance; the main vessel axis, however, deviates considerably
      from the clinically used acromioxiphoid axis in lateral direction. The lumen of
      the thoracoacromial artery has a range of more than 150% of the smallest vessel.
      Atherosclerotic alterations are not the reason for this variety but only an
      additional handicap for the vessel capacity. Two types of muscle-perforating
      arteries were found, and the cutaneous area of blood supply was defined.

PMID- 3376734
TI  - Some aspects of the morphology of the human temporomandibular joint capsule.
AB  - Since opinions about the presence of a band structure or a ligament in the
      lateral part of the temporomandibular joint capsule are divergent in the
      literature, the capsule of 16 post-mortem human specimens was examined both
      anatomically and histologically. A distinguishable ligamentous formation in the
      lateral part of the capsule was observed only in three specimens. In one of
      these, the distinguishable formation had morphological characteristics of
      tendinous tissue. This study indicates caution with too generalised opinions
      about temporomandibular morphology.

PMID- 3376735
TI  - [Patterns of the arterial vessels in the palm].
AB  - The pattern of the superficial arteries in the palma manus can be characterized
      in the following manner. In 58% of the cases the arteria ulnaris runs in an arch
      from the ulna to the radius and gives off a varying number of arteries to the
      fingers. There is no connection with any other artery. In 42% of the cases there
      are arterial connections, of which 32.1% are present in the form of an 'arcus' of
      a rather large diameter, formed through connection of the arteria ulnaris with
      the ramus palmaris superficialis of the arteria radialis or with the arteria
      metacarpalis dorsalis I. Likewise, in 9.9%, there is a connection between the
      arteries but this, which we call an 'anastomosis', is of a more delicate nature.

PMID- 3376736
TI  - Microvasculature of the bear heart demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy.
AB  - Morphological features of the coronary microvasculature were examined in ten
      Black bears (Ursus americanus). Tissue samples were collected for scanning
      electron microscopy from five animals, and vascular casts of the coronary vessels
      were prepared from five. Each portion of the microvasculature examined had
      specific morphological characteristics which may contribute to the control of
      blood flow. All indications from the present study suggest that the structure of
      the coronary microvasculature in the Black bear is similar to that of mammalian
      species previously examined.

PMID- 3376738
TI  - Effects of endocrine glands and hormone replacement on the mast cell count of the
      Harderian gland of mice.
AB  - There are marked sex differences in the Harderian gland of the C3H/He mouse
      strain, the females having a larger number of mast cells than the males as one of
      the major differences. Mast cell counts of the Harderian gland were made on male
      mice subjected to combinations of adrenalectomy, gonadectomy and administration
      of sex steroid hormones. Castration alone caused a significant increase in the
      count resulting in about three times the number found in intact males. Castration
      plus adrenalectomy increased the count over 6-fold, to levels close to those
      found in female mice. Administration of testosterone or estrone to the mice which
      had been castrated and adrenalectomized prevented the increase, while
      progesterone treatment had no effect on the count. Although the number of mast
      cells in the male Harderian gland was necessarily small compared to either the
      female gland or that of castrated and adrenalectomized males, no obvious
      dimorphism could be found microscopically.

PMID- 3376737
TI  - Qualitative and quantitative observations on the structure of the Schwann cells
      in myelinated fibres.
AB  - Various morphological features of the Schwann cells of myelinated fibres in the
      lizard thoracic spinal roots were studied, and, when possible, quantified using
      morphometric methods. About 0.8% of the Schwann cells are binucleate and some
      display clusters of microvilli along the internodes. The percentages of the
      cytoplasmic area of the Schwann cell occupied by the following cytoplasmic
      components were determined: mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic
      reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, dense bodies,
      autophagic vacuoles, peroxisome-like bodies, lipofuscin granules and lipid
      droplets. Linear relationships were found between the sectional areas of the
      mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of the Schwann cell and both the
      length of the profile of the Schwann cell plasma membrane and the size of the
      related axon. The results obtained are compatible both with the hypothesis that
      the mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of the Schwann cell are
      involved in the production and storage of proteins for the plasma membrane of
      this cell, and with the hypothesis that these organelles are involved in the
      production and storage of protein metabolites which are subsequently transferred
      to the related axons.

PMID- 3376739
TI  - Ultrastructure of the secondary tympanic membrane in the human fetus.
AB  - The normal secondary tympanic membrane in human fetuses was examined by
      transmission electron microscopy. The membranes in 5- to 9-month-old fetuses
      consist of the following three layers: (1) an outer squamous epithelial layer
      facing the middle ear, which is not formed until 4 months old; (2) a middle
      fibrous layer containing collagen, elastin, fibroblasts and fibrocytes, and (3)
      an inner layer of flat cells facing the scala tympani. Following the maturation
      of the fetus the epithelium is getting thinner and fibroblasts are reduced in
      number, but fibrocytes are increased and collagen and elastin grow gradually in
      density. The ultrastructure of the secondary tympanic membrane at 8 month is
      mature in type and shows the same characteristics as in the adult. This membrane
      has an important and complicated physiological function. The epithelium of the
      outer layer, with tight junctions and multiple desmosomes, provides a barrier to
      keep harmful substances out. The stability of the membrane provides protection
      against rupture, while the elasticity plays a role in the physiology of hearing
      as well.

PMID- 3376740
TI  - Ontogeny of relationship of middle ear and temporomandibular (squamomandibular)
      joint in mammals [corrected]. I. Morphology and ontogeny in man.
AB  - The temporomandibular joint disk was investigated in fetal and adult human
      specimens in a morphological study. The dorsal aspect of the disk appears to be
      composed of a superior, an intermediate and an inferior lamina, thus forming a
      trilaminar zone. The intermediate lamina continues via the petrotympanic fissure
      into the middle ear cavity to insert onto the malleus and its anterior ligament.
      However, the notion that traction on the disk causes the auditory ossicles to
      move is rejected on morphological grounds.

PMID- 3376741
TI  - Scanning electron microscope study of the communications between the anterior
      chamber and the sinus venosus sclerae in primates.
AB  - We have studied the morphology of the anatomical structures that permit
      communication between the anterior chamber and the sinus venosus sclerae.
      Examination of the posterior or inner wall of this canal, represented by the
      sclerocorneal trabecula, in 15 species of primates and 5 adult humans, has
      enabled us to observe the existence of some small orifices or stomata that are
      the outermost part of the so-called Sondermann's canals, which in our opinion are
      made by the successive confluence of the interstices worked in the interior of
      the sclerocorneal trabecula by means of contraction of the longitudinal portion
      of the ciliary muscle.

PMID- 3376742
TI  - Cocaine-related intracranial hemorrhage. Report of nine cases and review.
AB  - Nine cases of intracranial hemorrhages related to cocaine usage are presented.
      Another 5 cases from the literature are reviewed. The relationship between severe
      cocaine-induced hypertension, and the development of subarachnoid or
      intracerebral hemorrhages is noted, and apparently is related to sudden transient
      increases of blood pressure related to cocaine use.

PMID- 3376743
TI  - The clinical, pathological and genetic aspects of sporadic late onset cerebellar
      ataxia: observations on a series of ten patients.
AB  - Ten patients with sporadic late onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA) are described. The
      mean age of onset was 50.4 +/- 7.13 years. The important clinical features were
      gait ataxia, poor coordination of hands, intention tremors, exaggerated deep
      tendon reflexes, extrapyramidal symptoms and extensor plantar responses.
      Computerised tomography (CT) scanning in one patient showed a low density mid
      line lesion, suggesting early cerebellar atrophy. Histopathological examination
      in one patient, clinically diagnosed as multiple sclerosis, revealed complete
      loss of Purkinje cells from the cerebellar folia with gliosis in the molecular
      layer and loss of small granular neurones. A marked loss of the neurones from the
      olivary nuclei with astrocytic proliferation was also seen. The disorder is
      probably genetically determined although a single Mendelian inheritance is
      unlikely in the absence of recurrence in the first degree relatives. Recurrence
      risks for gentic counselling are suggested.

PMID- 3376745
TI  - Routine investigations of the CSF with special reference to meningeal malignancy
      and infectious meningitis.
AB  - Usefulness of cell count and concentrations of glucose and total protein in CSF
      are analysed with regard to the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid
      and hematological malignancy. A group of patients with pleiocytosis in CSF of non
      neoplastic origin served as a reference group. It is concluded that these routine
      tests have limited value for the determination of the viral, bacterial or
      neoplastic etiology of meningeal disorders. The most important value of these
      tests appears to be the discriminating capacity of the finding of an increased
      number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, regularly found in patients with acute
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3376744
TI  - Skeletal muscle function in primary fibromyalgia. Effect of regional sympathetic
      blockade with guanethidine.
AB  - Muscle fatigue is the most disabling symptom in primary fibromyalgia (PF), which
      in addition is characterized by generalised pain and muscle stiffness. In order
      to assess whether the fatigue is of central and/or peripheral origin, skeletal
      muscle function was studied by measuring maximum voluntary hand grip strength,
      and by measuring various contraction characteristics in the adductor pollicis
      muscle after electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The PF-patients were also
      studied after a regional sympathetic blockade of the forearm with guanethidine. A
      lower hand grip strength was found in the PF-patients compared to the controls,
      before as well as during the sympathetic blockade. The developed force, measured
      during electrical stimulation, did not differ between patients and controls. A
      lower muscle relaxation rate was found in the PF-patients. The relaxation rate
      increased in the PF-patients during the sympathetic blockade. The results
      indicate both a central and a peripheral cause of muscle dysfunction. Activity in
      the muscle sympathetic system may be one link in the chain of events that leads
      to muscular symptoms in PF.

PMID- 3376746
TI  - Closed cervicocranial trauma, "false aneurysm" of the internal carotid artery and
      brain infarction.
AB  - A 17-year-old man developed acute hemiparesis 6 months after a motor cycle
      accident. In the accident he had a closed trauma on the contralateral side of the
      head and the neck, with multiple bone fractures. Aortocervical angiography,
      performed after the infarction, revealed a 2.5 cm long aneurysmatic dilatation in
      the internal carotid artery, the presumably source of embolic infarction. This
      and the 24 other cases gathered from the literature support the notion that
      closed neck trauma may create "false aneurysm" which again may cause neurological
      deficits.

PMID- 3376749
TI  - Thyroid function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3376748
TI  - Visual evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - 25 diabetic patients have been studied in order to investigate the possible
      effects of the disease on the central nervous system by means of pattern shift
      visual evoked potentials. Patients with diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and
      cataract were excluded from the study. Results obtained from a control group of
      30 normal subjects were compared to those of the patient group in which sural
      nerve conduction velocities have also been determined to see whether there is a
      correlation between peripheral and central involvement of the nervous system. In
      diabetic patients latency prolongation in the P100 and N140 components were
      observed. The N90-N140 interpeak latency was also prolonged. In addition, in
      patients with longstanding diabetes mellitus the incidence of VEP abnormalities
      was found to be high. Pathologic changes in VEP latencies did not show any
      correlation with sural nerve conduction abnormalities.

PMID- 3376747
TI  - Tizanidine versus baclofen in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis
      patients.
AB  - Sixteen patients suffering from spasticity due to multiple sclerosis were treated
      with baclofen and tizanidine in a partially blind cross-over study. No
      significant difference in efficacy was found. The most striking difference was
      seen in the side-effects: baclofen frequently caused more or less severe muscle
      weakness and even falling during walking and standing. Treatment with tizanidine
      produced an apparent improvement of mobility in some patients suffering from
      moderate or marked paresis associated with a marked spasticity of their legs.
      Isometric muscle strength did not show any significant changes during either
      treatment. The different impact of baclofen and tizanidine on mobility and weight
      support seems to be related to their different site of action in spasticity.

PMID- 3376750
TI  - Sinus tachycardia in the Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 3376751
TI  - Lysophosphatidyl choline-induced demyelination. A freeze-fracture study.
AB  - Focal demyelination was produced in the rat sciatic nerve by microinjection of
      lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). The demyelinating lesion was examined over the
      following 48 h using the freeze-fracture technique to examine myelin, Schwann
      cell and axonal membranes. Myelin lamellae were replaced by myriad spherical or
      oval membranous vesicles. The axonal and Schwann cell plasma membranes remained
      intact and the latter showed a large increase in caveolae-associated pores in
      some nerve fibres. The lysis of myelin lamellae and membranous vesicle formation
      are related to the known action of LPC on myelin and its membrane fusogenic
      properties. The importance of calcium ion influx and membrane protein aggregation
      and depletion in vesiculation are discussed.

PMID- 3376753
TI  - Regional weight loss of the cerebral cortex and some subcortical nuclei in senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - All the cerebral cortex and some subcortical nuclei from six examples of senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and six age- and sex-matched controls have
      been dissected and weighed. The weight of the parietal and temporal cortex are
      significantly reduced. The parietal lobe shows the largest weight loss and this
      is most obvious in the precuneus and the superior lobule. The posterior
      cingulate, the middle and superior temporal, the supramarginal and the superior
      frontal gyri also show significant weight reduction. Weight loss of the amygdala
      is more than that of the hippocampus, the caudate nucleus and the putamen, but
      the weights of all are reduced significantly. These results are rather unexpected
      but are consistent with other data (e.g. the clinical parietal lobe syndrome and
      focus of glucose hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease). They indicate that
      prominent changes occur in SDAT in the association areas of the parietal lobe as
      well as in the amygdala.

PMID- 3376754
TI  - Quantitative study of lateral horn cells in 15 cases of multiple system atrophy.
AB  - Nerve cell counts of the lateral horns of the spinal cord were performed in 15
      cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and three age- and sex-matched controls.
      The patients with MSA were comprised of eight with severe postural hypotension,
      three with orthostatic hypotension and little or no disability and four without
      any signs of autonomic failure. All cases of MSA had lost more than half their
      lateral horn cells but nerve cell loss could not be correlated with the degree of
      dysautonomia. These results confirm the involvement of the intermediolateral
      columns of the spinal cord in MSA. However, the lack of correlation between cell
      loss and severity of autonomic failure in our cases, suggests that lesions of
      other sites, such as sympathetic ganglia or the dorsal vagal nuclei, are also
      implicated in dysautonomia.

PMID- 3376752
TI  - Intramuscular nerves in motor neurone disease. A quantitative ultrastructural
      study.
AB  - The ultrastructure of human intramuscular nerves at biopsy has been compared in
      motor neurone disease with that in other neuromuscular disease including muscular
      dystrophy and in controls. Myelinated axons appeared to be lost in control
      patients aged over 50 years, but this varied both between and within nerve
      fascicles. Even in two boys aged 3 1/2 and 9 years, but with Duchenne's
      dystrophy, examples were found of nerve fascicles with few or no axons. In motor
      neurone disease additional nerve fibres were lost, but there was little change in
      the size distributions of axons and myelin sheaths within the muscle. In both
      preterminal and terminal fascicles there was an increase of Schwann cell
      cytoplasm in association with unmyelinated axons, which was compatible with nerve
      sprouting. It is concluded that intramuscular nerves are likely to be lost with
      age as well as motor neurone disease. The results are discussed in relation to
      the stage of the disease process at biopsy.

PMID- 3376756
TI  - Ultrastructural study of chromatolytic neurons in an adult-onset sporadic case of
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Ultrastructural features of chromatolytic neurons observed in a sporadic case
      with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reported. A 70-year-old woman died
      of weakness and atrophy of the four limbs, bulbar and facial muscles, and
      hyperreflexia, of 3 1/2 years' duration. Neuronal loss was marked in the anterior
      horn of the spinal cord, with degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Most of the
      remaining neurons showed chromatolysis. Some of the chromatolytic neurons
      contained faintly eosinophilic inclusions with a halo. Few spheroids were
      observed. Hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, motor nuclei of N.VII and N.V
      were well populated, but contained several chromatolytic neurons.
      Ultrastructurally, the chromatolytic neurons contained aggregates of fibrils
      thicker than the 10-nm neurofilaments. These fibrils were arranged randomly, and
      were closely associated with granular materials as well as rough endoplasmic
      reticulum. Neurofilamentous accumulations reported to be common in sporadic ALS
      were rare in this case. No Bunina body was observed.

PMID- 3376755
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease using
      computerized digital processing.
AB  - The ultrastructure of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease was analyzed
      by computerized digital processing of electron micrographs. Processing of the
      electron micrographs consists of four steps: digitizing the electron micrograph,
      Fourier transformation, noise filtering and inverse Fourier transformation and
      Laplacian operation. In the present study, we have confirmed that neurofibrillary
      tangles are composed of a pair of helical filaments (PHF), which appear
      characteristically as an unbranched rigid structure. The periodicity of PHF is 78
      nm on the diffractogram. The dimensions of PHF obtained by our analysis, although
      basically similar to those described earlier by other investigators using
      conventional techniques, more precisely defines its structural conformation. We
      have also demonstrated that the spatial relationship of two filaments appears
      symmetrical after two-way tilting of the specimen about the axis of rotation. Our
      observations emphasize the importance of digital image processing as an effective
      tool for structural analytical research in biology and medicine.

PMID- 3376758
TI  - Serotonin reduction in the mouse neostriatum during hyperthermia-induced
      convulsions studied by immunohistochemistry.
AB  - Changes occurring in serotonin neurons during hyperthermia-induced convulsions
      were examined by means of a modified immunohistochemical method. All mice (8-12
      weeks of age) exposed to the temperature of 50 degrees C had convulsions, showing
      a generalized tonic and/or clonic pattern. Immediately after the convulsions, the
      animals were perfused transcardially with a fixative. A significant reduction in
      serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in the neostriatum (caudate-putamen
      complex) of the mice which had hyperthermia-induced seizures, while the serotonin
      immunoreactivity remained unchanged in the neocortex and paleostriatum. These
      results suggest that serotonin may be an important mediator in the mechanism of
      hyperthermia-induced convulsions or that the susceptibility of serotonin neurons
      to a convulsive state is greatest in the neostriatum.

PMID- 3376757
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related chronic relapsing inflammatory
      demyelinating polyneuropathy with multifocal unusual onion bulbs in sural nerve
      biopsy. A clinicomorphological study with qualitative and quantitative light and
      electron microscopy.
AB  - This is obviously the first report on a case with a spontaneous sensu strictu
      relapsing variant of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related polyneuropathy.
      Its manifestation preceded LAS. Intrathecal HIV-antibodies developed between the
      most severe third and fourth episode. Analysis of sural nerve biopsy was
      consistent with a multifocally accentuated chronic inflammatory demyelination,
      characterized by unusual onion bulb-like Schwann cell formations with irregular
      voluminous layers, electron density, aggregation of filaments, multiple indented
      nuclei, and numerous enclosed collagen pockets. A direct or immune-mediated
      indirect specific influence on Schwann cell morphology by HIV might be discussed.
      Virus-like particles and ultrastructural markers of HIV were not detectable.

PMID- 3376759
TI  - A transient hypertensive opening of the blood-brain barrier can lead to brain
      damage. Extravasation of serum proteins and cellular changes in rats subjected to
      aortic compression.
AB  - A transient increase in blood pressure was induced in 15 male Sprague Dawley rats
      by clamping the upper abdominal aorta for 8-10 min. Three rats served as
      controls. The brains were fixed by perfusion 2 h or 7 days later. Evan's blue
      albumin (EBA) was used for macroscopic evaluation of the blood-brain barrier
      (BBB) integrity. Extravasated plasma albumin, fibrinogen and fibronectin were
      demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. Glial fibrillary
      acidic protein (GFAP) was visualized in the same way. Parallel sections were
      analyzed for possible parenchymal changes associated with the BBB breakdown.
      Multiple focal areas of BBB opening were seen in the brains of the three rats
      killed 2 h after the hypertensive episode. The plasma proteins were present in
      the vascular wall, extracellular space and within certain neurons. Shrunken acid
      fuchsin positive neurons were seen in some areas of extravasation. After 7 days,
      in 5 out of 12 rats a few local lesions with EBA leakage and positive
      immunostaining for plasma proteins were seen. Structurally these lesions were
      characterized by shrinkage, fuchsinophilia and disintegration of neurons and
      proliferation of astrocytes. Thus, a transient opening of the BBB by acute
      hypertension may lead to permanent tissue damage.

PMID- 3376760
TI  - Ultrastructural pathology in emetine-induced myopathy.
AB  - Progressive myopathy developed in two women who consumed ipecac syrup containing
      emetine hydrochloride to induce vomiting as part of their anorexia nervosa.
      Muscle biopsy specimens were characterized by severe disruption of the
      sarcomeres. The ultrastructural spectrum extended from "Z-band streaming" to the
      formation of cytoplasmic bodies and also comprised abnormalities of the
      sarcotubular system, thus suggesting that muscle weakness may be related to both
      sarcomeric and sarcotubular lesions in this self-inflicted myopathy. It is
      tempting to suggest that muscle weakness may be correlated with or based on the
      pathology in sarcomeres and the sarcotubular system. As the myopathy is
      clinically reversible upon discontinuation of ipecac consumption the
      morphological findings should also be potentially reversible. Experimentally
      induced emetine myopathy may, thus, serve as a useful model to study
      morphological dynamics of sarcomeric lesions, which may be observed separately or
      simultaneously in a variety of spontaneously occurring human neuromuscular
      disorders.

PMID- 3376761
TI  - Pathology of local anesthetic-induced nerve injury.
AB  - Nerve fiber injury and endoneurial edema were induced by the injection of the
      local anesthetic 2-chloroprocaine, tetracaine, procaine, etidocaine or
      mepivacaine into the soft tissue and fascia surrounding the sciatic nerve of
      Sprague-Dawley rats. Light microscopy demonstrated that the perineurial barrier
      was not mechanically damaged by the surgical procedure but, at 48 h post
      injection, perineurial permeability was increased. Previous observations of
      leakage of horseradish peroxidase and the present report of neutrophils and
      eosinophils in the endoneurium indicate a disruption of blood-nerve barrier
      systems. Endoneurial edema was observed in the subperineurial, interstitial and
      perivascular regions. Axonal degeneration and demyelination occurred; the latter
      associated with accumulation of large lipid droplets in Schwann cells.
      Degranulation of mast cells, proliferation of fibroblasts and macrophage activity
      were noteworthy in affected areas. The findings are remarkable in that this is
      the first model of endoneurial edema by a neurotoxin which penetrates the
      perineurium, disrupting barrier system and inducing nerve fiber injury.

PMID- 3376762
TI  - Calcification of the central nervous system in a new hereditary neurological
      syndrome.
AB  - A case of a new hereditary neurological condition with extensive calcifications
      of the central nervous system is described. The calcium deposits were especially
      localized to the leptomeninges, the first layer of the cerebral and cerebellar
      cortex, and along the ventricular wall. The neuropathological findings were in
      accordance with the clinic. The case was familial and the pedigree suggested an X
      linked recessive inheritance.

PMID- 3376763
TI  - Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis in chickens: electron
      microscopic lesions.
AB  - A study was made to determine the causative lesion of Marek's disease virus (MDV)
      induced transient paralysis (TP) in chickens by comparing the ultrastructure of
      brain tissue from MDV-infected genetically susceptible and resistant birds. There
      were numerous intramyelinic vacuoles in the brains of TP-affected birds. Many of
      these vacuoles contained particulate material compatible with precipitated
      protein from edema. Astrocyte processes often were distended with similar
      particulate material. Most intramyelinic vacuoles were either adjacent to the
      axolemma or within inner myelin lamellae. Myelin sheaths of affected axons, while
      being displaced, were relatively normal with no vesiculation. Most affected axons
      were also otherwise normal. Cell processes adjacent to occasional affected axons
      were distended by degenerating mitochondria, vacuoles, and amorphous material.
      Some of these processes appeared to be inner loops of oligodendrocyte cytoplasm.
      The cell bodies of most oligodendrocytes were normal, but a few contained
      vacuoles similar to those seen in processes adjacent to axons. There were
      scattered necrotic cells. While most of these could not be specifically
      identified, some appeared to be oligodendrocytes. Mononuclear inflammatory cells
      were present both perivascularly and within the parenchyma. Although these cells
      occasionally contacted myelinated axons and there was myelin phagocytosis, there
      was no indication that they initiated demyelination. Brain tissue from virus
      inoculated resistant birds had perivascular aggregates of mononuclear cells, but
      there were no intramyelinic vacuoles and few necrotic cells. These findings
      suggest that intramyelinic vacuolation contributes to the pathogenesis of
      transient paralysis. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the
      vacuoles, including brain edema and oligodendrocyte injury, are discussed.

PMID- 3376764
TI  - "Angiodysgenetic necrotizing encephalopathy" and its different manifestations.
      Survey of age-related forms and clinico-pathological appearances.
AB  - Various observations of diffuse meningo-cerebral angiomatoses, which cannot be
      satisfactorily classified with the common phakomatoses, have been reported. They
      may occur at any age, with familial accumulation or sporadically. Divry and van
      Bogaert were the first to draw attention to such conditions in adults, where
      meningo-cerebral angiomatoses seemed to be combined with sudanophilic
      leukodystrophy. However, subsequently the latter was considered to be due to
      hypoxic damage to the white matter. In other observations, the severe damage to
      the grey matter was more evidently of hypoxic origin. Observations on two newborn
      individuals, sporadic examples of diffuse meningo-cerebral angiomatosis and with
      severe necrotic changes in the grey and white matter, are reported and discussed.
      Published reports on the various age-related forms are summarized and a general
      designation is suggested, which includes the various observations under a general
      heading. A parallel will be drawn between the meningo-cerebral angiomatosis and
      Foix-Alajouanin's disease.

PMID- 3376765
TI  - Ceroid-lipofuscinosis in border collie dogs.
AB  - Five Border Collie dogs with ceroid-lipofuscinosis developed progressive
      neurological disease between 18 and 22 months of age. These dogs had behavioural
      abnormalities, gait and visual deficits and became progressively demented. All
      dogs examined had common ancestors. Light microscopic examination of tissues
      demonstrated extensive accumulation of granular, sudan black-staining
      autofluorescent material in the cytoplasm of neurones, retinal ganglion cells and
      some visceral cells. At ultrastructural examination inclusions of variable
      morphology were observed.

PMID- 3376766
TI  - Neurovisceral ceroid-lipofuscinosis in blind Devon cattle.
AB  - Ten Devon cattle from a single property were affected with blindness from 14
      months of age. Severe retinal degeneration progressing to atrophy was associated
      with widespread intracellular accumulation of pigment in the retinal ganglion
      cells, central nervous system and major organs. The pigment was consistent with
      ceroid-lipofuscin granules on histological, histochemical and ultrastructural
      examination. Although a familial relationship existed between affected
      individuals, a pattern of inheritance could not be established by examination of
      available breeding records. The disease is compared to similar disorders reported
      in man and other species.

PMID- 3376767
TI  - Abnormal course of spinal posterior roots and tracts associated with brain
      malformations. Sensory pathway malformation.
AB  - An unusual mode of the spinal posterior nerve root entrance and of the course of
      ascending tracts in the hyperplastic gray matter of the posterior horn was
      observed in three newborn babies. This "sensory pathway malformation" was
      combined with severe but unspecific brain anomalies. The common associated brain
      anomaly was agenesis of the corpus callosum.

PMID- 3376768
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of flumecinol in rats.

PMID- 3376769
TI  - [Effect of changes in phase composition on retention values. II. Comparative
      study of retention values in OPTLC and TLC analyses].

PMID- 3376770
TI  - [Effect of changes in phase composition on retention values. III. Possibilities
      of transition from open chromatographic systems to closed ones].

PMID- 3376771
TI  - [Effect of changes in phase composition on retention values. I. Reproducibility
      of RMO values in open and closed chromatographic systems].

PMID- 3376773
TI  - Effects of chronic iron deficiency anaemia on myoglobin content, enzyme activity,
      and capillary density in the human skeletal muscle.
AB  - The influence of chronic iron deficiency anaemia on myoglobin content, maximal
      enzyme activities and capillarization in the human skeletal muscle was
      investigated. Muscle samples from musculus vastus lateralis were screened in an
      Indonesian population. The causes of iron deficiency were chronic intestinal
      bleeding or repeated pregnancy combined with low iron intake. The maximal
      activities of iron-dependent and non-iron-dependent glycolytic and oxidative
      enzymes as well as myoglobin showed similar values in the iron-deficient group
      and the matched control group. The activities of the oxidative enzymes in both
      the iron-deficient group and the controls were lower, however, compared even to
      untrained Swedish subjects. The capillary density was essentially within a normal
      range in both groups. It is concluded that chronic iron deficiency anaemia of a
      moderate or severe degree, with Hb concentrations of about 80-100 g.1(-1), does
      not cause an impaired biochemical function of the human skeletal muscle.

PMID- 3376772
TI  - Time for reestablishment of serum lipid lowering after myocardial infarction?

PMID- 3376774
TI  - Cyclical changes in endogenous overnight creatinine clearance during the third
      trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - To investigate the pattern of change in endogenous overnight creatinine clearance
      during the third trimester, 12 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were
      examined three times a week. Urine was collected overnight from 22.00 to 08.00
      hours and analysed for creatinine. Serum was sampled in the morning and analysed
      for creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin, progesterone and estradiol. The general
      trend of creatinine clearance was parabolic with a declining level during the
      last month before term. A sinusoid pattern with minimum values around the time
      when the women would have had menstruation had they not become pregnant was
      superimposed on the parabolic trend. A mathematical model (parabolas overlaid
      with a cosine curve) was constructed and fitted to the data. The cyclical pattern
      was significant. Serum creatinine showed a pattern with increasing values during
      the last 4-6 weeks before term and cyclical changes which were also significant.
      In the individual case the monthly and preterm clearance decrement sometimes was
      over 50%. Monthly and preterm decreases in creatinine clearance may be quite
      normal and serial measurements of creatinine clearance are therefore necessary to
      determine if declining values indicate pathological falls in the glomerular
      filtration rate.

PMID- 3376775
TI  - [Conceptualization of schizophrenia from the symptomatological viewpoint].

PMID- 3376776
TI  - [Descriptive analysis of chronic lucid epileptic psychosis associated with
      psychorganic impairment].

PMID- 3376777
TI  - [Psychiatric hospitalization].

PMID- 3376778
TI  - [Neurological consultation in Social Security ambulatory clinics. Valencia
      province].

PMID- 3376779
TI  - The aging face: a multidisciplinary corrective procedure.
AB  - Observations of worldwide attitudes toward the increasing problems of aging are
      presented. In a brief preliminary summary report on the postoperative clinical,
      physical, and psychological results in a group of 86 individuals who came for
      consultation for a regional or total rhytidectomy, it is emphasized that the
      patients not only obtained improvements in their external appearance as well as
      their expressions and functional activity, but soon came to request a full
      "health and appearance program." From the psychologic standpoint, plastic
      surgeons are now challenging their patients to help themselves in such an overall
      program to forestall the effects of aging.

PMID- 3376780
TI  - Herpes zoster as a complication of a face lift.
AB  - A case of herpes zoster neuritis (shingles) is reported, closely following a face
      lift with adjunctive dermabrasion and chemical peel. The etiologic relationships
      are unclear. However, the mental nerve distribution suggests mechanical
      irritation of the nerve as a possible factor. Management of this complication is
      conservative. It is suggested that herpes zoster be included in the differential
      diagnosis of unusual alterations of sensation or persistent pain following
      procedures for facial aging.

PMID- 3376781
TI  - The Oriental aging face: an evaluation of a decade of experience with the
      triangular SMAS flap technique in facelifting.
AB  - The triangular SMAS flap technique was developed through a thorough understanding
      of the morphological and anatomical problems of the aging Oriental face. A unique
      manipulation of two triangular SMAS flaps--TSF-1 and TSF-2--permits three
      directional lifting of the SMAS, which provides supportive and distributive
      lifting while reducing unwanted tension in the skin. TSF-1 is the excess portion
      of the main SMAS flap which results from cephalic lifting in the zygomatic area.
      TSF-2 is created from the excess portion produced by posterior advancement in the
      preauricular area, and is rotated to the postauricular area. Use of the TSF-1
      flap involves complete excision, folding under, or free grafting. The
      retroauricular TSF-2 flap indirectly achieves platysmal plication. The author
      evaluates ten years of experience with the triangular SMAS flap technique and
      describes the entire aspect of the aging face in Orientals.

PMID- 3376782
TI  - Vasoconstrictor for facelifting.
AB  - In 150 patients both sides of the face underwent facelifting surgery with the
      local infiltration of 2% solution of ornithine 8 vasopressin which caused good
      surgical hemoconstriction, gave a satisfactory early postoperative period, and
      better results than those obtained with other solutions previously used. This
      series involves the use of a diluted solution compared with that usually
      recommended.

PMID- 3376783
TI  - Experience of injected fat grafting.
AB  - Eighteen months' experience with the injected fat grafting technique used in 208
      patients to correct various problems such as buttocks (augmentation and
      reshaping), trochanteric depressions, breast augmentation, scar depressions,
      thighs and legs (calf and ankle augmentation), small wrinkles and depressions of
      the face (Romberg's disease), nasolabial fold, upper outer breast quadrant,
      liposuction sequela, fingers and hands is presented. This method shows major
      advantages with few complications. Some technical details and recommendations for
      successful fat grafting are also presented.

PMID- 3376784
TI  - Fat injections for the correction of facial lipodystrophies: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - We present our experience with fat injections in the treatment of two cases of
      facial lipodystrophies. The surgical technique as well as the followup of the two
      clinical cases are presented in order to evaluate the long post-operative
      results. Among the different techniques used by us for correcting the soft
      tissues of the facial contour, this has been by far the simplest and easiest. We
      need longer follow-ups and more clinical cases in order to point out some
      definite conclusions, however. Nevertheless, it is our impression in this
      preliminary report that this technique could have a place in the treatment of
      problems related to the soft tissues of the facial contour.

PMID- 3376785
TI  - Reverse lower blepharoplasty: a new approach.
AB  - A new approach is described for a type of lower blepharoplasty to correct excess
      skin and subcutaneous adiposity localized on the malar eminences. This surgery
      removes skin and subcutaneous tissue leaving only a fine and invisible scar on
      the lower malar rim.

PMID- 3376786
TI  - To whom shall I send my daughter?

PMID- 3376787
TI  - Male face lift in continuity with lower blepharoplasty.
AB  - Rhytidectomy in the male is always more complicated than in the female. We
      present important modifications of the usual female-type face lift procedure that
      solve problems peculiar to the male patient. We describe a combined procedure of
      male rhytidectomy in continuity with the lower blepharoplasty incision. This
      technique increases the aesthetic results significantly. It provides an increased
      mechanical advantage in rotation and elevation of the cheek flap which is
      necessary to correct adequately the frequent redundancy and marked sagging in the
      lower face and neck often witnessed in the aging male patient. The preauricular
      non-hair-bearing portion of skin is left undisturbed with no change in the
      appearance of the sideburn. There is no elevation of the temporal hairline. The
      operative technique is fully described with emphasis on the complications we
      observed and how to avoid them. The results presented justify the slightly
      visible scarring that may occur in the temporal area which heals extremely well
      and is very acceptable aesthetically.

PMID- 3376788
TI  - [Experimental studies of male infertility and zinc].
AB  - The physiological role of zinc in sperm motility was studied. There was a
      positive correlation between the sperm motility and the low molecular weight
      binding zinc (ultrafiltrable zinc) concentration. The low molecular weight
      binding zinc was purified by gel filtration and identified as zinc citrate by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. The addition of zinc citrate to the fresh semen
      of the patients with asthenozoospermia stimulated sperm motility. These results
      suggest that zinc has a significant role in human sperm motility.

PMID- 3376789
TI  - [A comparative study of the effects of drug therapy and bladder training
      therapy].
AB  - Treatment of enuresis was studied in 168 patients. The patients were divided into
      two groups, the drug therapy group which consisted of 88 patients who were
      treated with drugs only, and the bladder training therapy group which consisted
      of 80 patients who were treated mainly with bladder training supplemented with
      drug therapy. In the drug therapy group imipramine was the first choice and was
      used at bed time. The dose of imipramine was initially 1 mg/kg and was gradually
      decreased if it worked well, and changed to other drugs if it did not work well.
      In the bladder training therapy group, bladder training was performed in all
      patients for 3 months, and 22 patients who cured further bladder training was
      continued, whereas the rest of the patients (58 patients) drug therapy was
      started in addition to bladder training. After 3 months, drug therapy was
      effective for 54 patients (61%) including 10 patients (11%) who were cured, and
      bladder training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 55 patients (69%)
      including 22 patients (28%) who were cured. The number of cured patients in the
      bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that of the drug
      therapy group (p less than 0.01). After 6 months, drug therapy was effective for
      56 patients (64%) including 16 patients (18%) who were cured, and bladder
      training therapy plus drug therapy was effective for 66 patients (83%) including
      30 patients (38%) who were cured. The number of effective and cured patients in
      the bladder training therapy group was significantly larger than that in the drug
      therapy group (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376790
TI  - Growth inhibition by diethylstilbestrol and relapse of the Noble rat prostatic
      tumor.
AB  - The response of androgen-sensitive Noble (Nb) rat prostatic adenocarcinoma [2Pr
      121D (1)] to varying doses (50 approximately 1,000 micrograms/kg body weight) of
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) was investigated and characterized with respect to
      cytosol and nuclear androgen binding profiles, histology and pattern of relapse.
      Inhibition of tumor growth was closely related to the dose of DES. Treatment at
      all but the lowest dose (50 micrograms/kg) initially caused tumor regression,
      whereas serum testosterone concentrations in all groups, including that receiving
      the lowest dose, were decreased to castrate levels. Histologically, while
      extensive cellular destruction was clearly evident at higher doses of DES, some
      active tumor cells appeared to survive. Tumors eventually relapsed when higher
      doses of DES were stopped or with the continued administration of low doses. The
      cytosol dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptor in this tumor line, as determined by
      sucrose density gradient, dextran charcoal and Sephadex column methods, was
      negative. Nuclear binding, however, was positive. Salt-extractable and salt
      resistant fractions of nuclei derived from the untreated primary tumor and
      relapsed tumor following DES treatment contained high affinity androgen receptor.
      Comparison of binding constants revealed no significant differences. Our
      findings, based on the Nb rat prostatic tumor model, indicate that DES acts not
      only by eliminating circulating testosterone, but also by a direct cytotoxic
      effect on malignant cells. The results also suggest the lack of an apparent
      relationship between the loss of hormone responsiveness associated with
      recurrence of prostatic tumor growth and nuclear androgen binding parameters.

PMID- 3376791
TI  - [Architectural ultrastructure of the urinary bladder epithelium. I. The influence
      of the contracted and distended state].
AB  - The luminal surface and three dimensional architecture during contraction and
      distension of the normal rat and human urinary bladder mucosa were observed by
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after cryofracture of specimen and by
      transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bladder epithelium consists of three
      distinct types of cells, superficial, intermediate and basal cells. SEM and TEM
      shows that the epithelium is stratified in various states. Some of the
      intermediate cells reach the basal lamina by fine cytoplasmic processes, but most
      of them and superficial cells never directly reach the basal lamina. In the rat
      bladder, the contracted epithelium consists of three to five cell layers and
      becomes three cell layers in the distended state. Since neighbouring cells are
      joined by desmosomes, the contact relations between each cell do not change in
      contracted and distended states. SEM shows an irregular luminal surface of the
      superficial cells in contracted state. Under TEM this luminal surface showed a
      scalloped contour, and most of the cell membranes intruding into the cytoplasm
      gave the appearance of discoidal vesicles. Between superficial cells there are
      numerous interdigitations in the distended state which show an accordion-like
      appearance. Between neighbouring cell layers the interdigitations are deep in the
      contracted state and shallow in the distended state. In the human bladder, the
      contracted epithelium consists of six to eight cell layers and becomes three to
      six cell layers on the distended state. Ultrastructural features of the human
      bladder epithelium during contraction and distension are basically similar to
      those of the rat bladder epithelium. In contrast, during contraction and
      distension mainly cellular shape changes from protruded to flattened, but the
      microvilli-like membrane junctions between intermediate and basal cell layers
      demonstrate little change.

PMID- 3376792
TI  - [Correlation between histological grading and the prognosis of prostatic
      carcinoma--a comparative study of the Japanese General Rules of Prostatic Cancer
      (JGRPC) and Gleason's classification].
AB  - One hundred and sixty-seven patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated
      prostatic adenocarcinoma, during the period between July, 1971 and March, 1934,
      were studied. The histopathologic specimens of the prostate were classified by
      the Japanese General Rules of Prostatic Cancer (JGRPC) and by Gleason's
      classification. The number of patients with well, moderately and poorly
      differentiated prostatic carcinomas according to the JGRPC classification was 42,
      74 and 51 respectively, and the number of the patients with Gleason's pattern 1,
      2, 3, 4, and 5 was 24, 20, 32, 43 and 48, respectively. The number of patients
      with Gleason's score (primary plus secondary pattern) 2 to 4, 5 to 7 and 8 to 10
      groups was 40, 76 and 51 respectively. There was no significant difference in
      survival rate between well and moderately differentiated groups, but the survival
      rate of the group with poorly differentiated tumor was significantly lower than
      that of the moderately differentiated (p less than 0.01) and well differentiated
      (p less than 0.001) groups. There was no significant difference in 10-year
      survival rate between the score 2-4 and score 5-8 groups, but the score 9-10
      group had a significantly lower survival rate than the score 5-8 group (p less
      than 0.01) and score 2-4 (p less than 0.005) group. JGRPC and Gleason's
      classification are thought to be equally useful in estimating prognosis of
      prostatic cancer, but the former is more concise and easily applicable than the
      latter.

PMID- 3376793
TI  - [Trends in patterns of care for prostatic cancer in Japan: statistics of 9
      institutions for 5 years].
AB  - Five hundred and sixty-five patients with prostatic cancer, who first visited 9
      institutions in Japan between 1981 and 1985, were analyzed. The peak of age
      distribution was in the seventies. As clinical symptoms, disturbance on
      micturition was the most frequent and pain caused by metastasis was a complaint
      in approximately one tenth of the cases. Alkaline phosphatase measurement,
      prostatic biopsy, intravenous pyelography, bone scintigraphy, cystourethrography,
      and measurements of serum prostatic acid phosphatase and serum acid phosphatase
      were performed on more than 80% of the patients. The clinical stage was stage A1
      in 6.2%, A2 in 3.7%, B in 14.9%, C in 20.7%, D1 in 7.4%, and D2 in 43.7%.
      According to the histological grade, well, moderately and poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma were observed in 20.4, 33.3 and 32.7%, respectively. Increased
      ratio of high grade to low grade was noticed in the lower age group as well as in
      the advanced stage. In this series, endocrine therapy was still accepted in most
      of the patients. Almost all were treated with hormonal medication and half of
      them had undergone bilateral orchiectomy. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy or
      multidisciplinary therapy were attempted judging from the clinical stage and
      histological grade. However, old age restricted the therapeutic modality.
      Actuarial survival rate at 5 years for stage A1, A2, B, C, D1 and D2 was 89.2,
      66.1, 72.7, 51.0, 47.5 and 28.0%, respectively. In the patients with stage D2,
      the 5-year actuarial rate of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was lower than
      that of well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, even though more
      intensive therapy was given to the former.

PMID- 3376794
TI  - [A case of bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma].
AB  - A 47-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of gait disturbance and
      pain of bilateral lower limbs. She was diagnosed as having necrotizing myelitis
      because myelography was normal and incidentally bilateral adrenal tumor was
      recognized by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Left adrenalectomy was
      performed under the diagnosis of bilateral non-functioning adrenal tumor or
      metastasis to the adrenal glands with unknown origin. The tumor was 10 x 6 x 3 cm
      in size and 175 g in weight. The pathological diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma
      (diffuse large cell type). After combination chemotherapy of vincristine,
      cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and adriamycin, residual right adrenal mass showed
      a remarkable reduction, but unfortunately she died 5 months later postoperatively
      because of complications of lung edema and pneumonitis.

PMID- 3376795
TI  - [Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma: report of a case].
AB  - A case of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma is reported. A 21-year-old female
      visited our hospital with the complaint of severe left flank pain and macroscopic
      hematuria Bilateral renal mass was suspected from the intravenous pyelography. CT
      scan revealed bilateral renal angiomyolipoma accompanied by retroperitoneal
      bleeding. There were no symptoms or signs of tuberous sclerosis. Left partial
      nephrectomy and right tumor enucleation were performed uneventfully with no
      recurrence during 4.5 years of follow-up. Several case reports of renal
      angiomyolipoma have been documented; we sum up these cases with special
      consideration as to treatment. In the majority of the cases, nephrectomy has been
      performed after retroperitoneal bleeding. We emphasize that in some cases it is
      favorable to carry out renal-tissue-conserving operation before the occurrence of
      the bleeding, because the angiomyolipoma tends to rupture easily.

PMID- 3376797
TI  - [Intrapelvic cyst presenting with urinary retention: a case report].
AB  - A case of intrapelvic cyst is presented. A 74-year-old woman was admitted with
      the chief complaint of urinary retention. Intrapelvic cyst was found by computed
      tomography scan during evaluation for urinary retention. Surgical extirpation was
      performed and pathological examination revealed paraovarian cyst.

PMID- 3376796
TI  - [A case of renal angiomyolipoma treated by partial nephrectomy--the management of
      renal angiomyolipoma from the conservative point of view].
AB  - A 25-year-old female was admitted for further investigation of the right renal
      mass, which was noted during evaluation for hepatitis. She had no personal or
      family history of stigmas of tuberous sclerosis. On physical examination, a
      movable hard smooth mass of fist size was palpable in the right abdomen. Drip
      infusion pyelography revealed an elevation of right kidney. Ultrasonography
      revealed that the abdominal mass had a high amplitude echo area. On CT the mass
      was heterogeneous with irregular margin and had regions of low attenuation value,
      suspicious of a tumor with high fat content. An angiogram of the right renal
      artery revealed a hypervascular tumor showing multiple saccular aneurysms, and
      absence of arteriovenous shunting. Based on the aforementioned findings, the mass
      was diagnosed as renal angiomyolipoma. Partial right nephrectomy was performed
      through an extraperitoneal approach. Pathological diagnosis was a renal
      angiomyolipoma. Convalescence was uneventful, and the remaining parenchyma of
      right kidney was working well on drip infusion pyelography three months after
      operation. The management of renal angiomyolipoma from the conservative point of
      view is also discussed.

PMID- 3376798
TI  - [A case of neurogenic bladder complicated by an acute rash syndrome (measles?)].
AB  - A 24-year-old female patient was was admitted because of urinary retention, four
      days after the development of rash with fever to be diagnosed as measles by a
      doctor. Neurological examinations showed hyperesthesia in lower thoracic regions
      and increased deep tendon reflexes in lower extremities. Cystometric findings
      revealed an areflexic bladder with normal sensation. Cerebrospinal fluid
      examination showed mononuclear pleocytosis and slightly elevated levels of
      protein. There was no significant increase in serum measles antibody titer. She
      regained normal voiding by conservative treatment with an indwelling catheter for
      four days. The bladder motor paralysis was probably due to non-transverse
      myelitis in sacral spinal region. Neurological complications of measles are
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 3376799
TI  - [A case of olfactory hallucination with adult enuresis].
AB  - A 22-year-old man was referred to us complaining of enuresis. The excretory
      urogram and cystogram were almost normal. Spina bifida was not present. The
      results of the urodynamic examination including uroflowmetry, cystometry,
      urethral pressure profile, electromyogram and sensory threshold of external
      urethral sphincter were within normal limits. Amitriptyline hydrochloride and
      flavoxate hydrochloride showed no effects. Because we found a positive spike wave
      on the electroencephalogram, the patient was referred to a psychopathologist, and
      was diagnosed as being in the early stage of schizophrenia. He complained of
      enuresis as his olfactive hallucination of urine. Psychopathological treatment
      for 1 year and 2 months resulted in disappearance of his complaining of enuresis.

PMID- 3376800
TI  - [Two cases of strangulated urethral prolapse].
AB  - This is a report of two cases of strangulated urethral prolapse we recently
      experienced. One patient, a 70-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital
      because of dysuria, painful urination, genital mass (phi 3.0 cm) and bleeding.
      The other patient, 54 years old, visited our department complaining of pain on
      urination, and genital mass (phi 2.0 cm) and bleeding. Surgical excision was
      performed for these prolapsed urethra, and in pathological findings, vascular
      dilation, blood congestion and partial thromboformation were recognized. Their
      postoperative course was uneventful without recurrence or abnormal urination.
      Urethral prolapse is defined as the circular eversion of the urethral mucosa
      through the external meatus. This condition is a relatively uncommon lesion in
      the literature, but is a common clinical entity in postmenopausal women and
      prepubertal girls. Most of the urethral prolapses are small and asymptomatic, but
      if the prolapsed urethra is large, the mass becomes strangulated, and urinary
      symptoms, pain and bleeding are present. For the treatment of the urethral
      prolapse, surgical excision has been widely practiced and is successful.

PMID- 3376801
TI  - [Clinical effect of terodiline hydrochloride (TD-758) in patients with urinary
      disturbances].
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of terodiline hydrochloride (TD-758) in 23 patients
      with psychosomatic bladder, chronic prostatitis and chronic cystitis. The drug
      was administered at a dose of 24 mg once a day for 4 weeks. In 78% of the
      patients the symptoms such as urinary frequency and sense of residual urine
      improved. Only mild side effects such as thirst were noted. We concluded that
      terodiline hydrochloride was effective in this trial.

PMID- 3376802
TI  - [Architectural ultrastructure of the urinary bladder epithelium. II. Changes in
      the urine-blood barrier in the contracted and distended state in the normal and
      inflammatory bladder].
AB  - The urinary bladder epithelium in mammals, including humans, has a low
      permeability to ions and small molecules such as sodium, urea and water. Two
      structures, asymmetrical luminal plasma membrane and tight junction between
      superficial cells, have been said responsible for the urine-blood barrier. The
      permeability of junctional complex between superficial cells to lanthanum was
      observed in rat urinary bladder epithelium by transmission electron microscopy
      (TEM). In the normal bladder epithelium, confirmed by bacteriological
      examination, most junctions between superficial cells are the tight junctions and
      1 to 9% of the junctions are leaky. The lanthanum, known to penetrate the leaky
      junctions, is demonstrated in the intercellular space between intermediate and
      basal cells. This suggests that desmosomes between these cells have no barrier
      function. In the experimentally inflammatory bladder epithelium all junctions are
      tight and no leaky junction is found between superficial cells. In contrast, if
      the superficial cells were stripped off in the inflammatory change, the lanthanum
      penetrates the junction between denuded intermediate cells. In the normal bladder
      epithelium the structural junctions between superficial cells have no changes
      during contraction and distension. Thus this suggests that the permeability to
      lanthanum does not change during contraction and distension.

PMID- 3376803
TI  - [Assessment of the response of human bladder cancer cell lines to radiation using
      colony formation assay and [3H] thymidine incorporation assay].
AB  - The effect of radiation on the human bladder cancer cell lines, KK47 and J82, was
      studied using colony formation assay and [3H] thymidine incorporation assay. The
      response to radiation was dose-related for both assays, but the curve for the
      colony formation assay was steeper than that for [3H] thymidine incorporation
      assay. However, the steepness of the curve for [3H] thymidine incorporation assay
      increased to be approximately the same as that for the colony formation assay as
      the incubation period increased. [3H] Thymidine incorporation assay can provide a
      rapid assessment of radiation sensitivity comparable to that obtained by the
      colony formation assay to select a radiosensitive bladder cancer patient for
      definitive or adjunctive radiotherapy.

PMID- 3376804
TI  - [Clinical studies on renal function and trace elements].
AB  - The serum trace elements aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and manganese
      (Mn), and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured in twenty normal volunteers
      and 40 patients; 5 patients had mild renal dysfunction, 10 patients had chronic
      renal failure 5 patients had uremia and 20 patients had been undergoing chronic
      hemodialysis. Serum Al, Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn were measured with a flameless atomic
      absorption spectrophotometer. Serum Al levels increased with decrement of the Ccr
      value. The serum Al level was abnormally high in chronic hemodialysis patients.
      The serum Cu level in the patients was similar to that in the healthy subjects.
      Serum Zn, Ni and Mn levels decreased with the decrement of the creatinine
      clearance level. These results suggest that measurement of serum Al, Zn, Ni and
      Mn levels can be used as an indication of renal function clinically. In
      conclusion, serum Al, Zn, Ni and Mn levels are clinical indicators of renal
      function.

PMID- 3376805
TI  - [Incidence of renal diseases in the general population].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of the urological
      diseases of the kidney. Among 4,094 persons (3,146 men and 948 women) studied, 86
      cases of renal cyst, 7 cases of urolithiasis, 3 cases of cystic kidney, and one
      case of renal cell carcinoma were discovered. The rate of renal cyst was two
      times higher in men than in women. One sixth of renal cyst patients showed
      microscopic hematuria. Renal cysts tended to progress in number and size with
      age. The size of the renal cyst did not correlate with the appearance rate of
      microscopic hematuria.

PMID- 3376806
TI  - [Experience with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of upper urinary tract
      stones].
AB  - The first 121 cases of upper urinary tract stone treated by extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at our clinic were analyzed. Three months after ESWL, 78%
      of the patients became stone free, and 17% of the patients had residual stone
      fragments which were less than 5 mm in diameter and considered passable. The
      success rate was therefore about 94.6%. No severe side effects were observed,
      although temporary elevations in serum creatinine phosphokinase, lactate
      dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, aldolase and total bilirubin
      occurred. These results indicated that ESWL was a safe and effective procedure
      for upper urinary tract stones.

PMID- 3376807
TI  - [Clinical experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in upper
      urinary tract stones].
AB  - We treated 100 patients of upper urinary tract stone using extracorporeal shock
      wave lithotripsy (ESWL), from April to October 1986. Eighty-six of the patients
      were treated by ESWL monotherapy, and the other cases required further treatment,
      such as percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and
      transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL). On the X-ray film obtained from one to
      three months after ESWL, 73 patients had no stones, 8 patients had sandy stones,
      7 patients had small fragments less than 5 mm, 2 patients had large stones equal
      to or greater than 5 mm and 10 patients could not be followed up. Therefore,
      97.7% of all patients were successfully treated. In conclusion, ESWL is
      considered to be an ideal method to treat upper urinary tract stones, and soon
      will become the first choice of treatment of urolithiasis together with the
      progress in endourological techniques.

PMID- 3376808
TI  - [Treatment of renal pelvic calculi using the rigid ureterorenoscope].
AB  - Ten patients with renal pelvic stones were treated by rigid ureterorenoscopy.
      Ultrasound lithotriptor and biopsy forceps were used for disintegrating the
      stones. The stones of 5 patients were disintegrated into small fragments that
      passed spontaneously within 2 months after the procedure. The stones of 2 failed
      to disintegrate for migration of the stones into the calices. Retention of the
      large fragments in the calices occurred in 3 patients. Residual fragments of
      urate were dissolved completely by urine alkalinization 5 months later in 1
      patient. In another patient the fragment had fallen into the ureter and it was
      extracted by ureterorenoscopy 8 months later. After all, the success rate was 70%
      in this series. The disintegration of stones in the small intrarenal pelvis has
      proved to be difficult when they are approached by retrograde ureterorenoscopy.
      There were 2 complications of ureterorenoscopy: extravasation of urine from the
      renal sinus, and from the upper ureter. These minor injuries were treated by
      stenting without sequelae.

PMID- 3376809
TI  - [Lectin-binding sugar chain in bladder tumors].
AB  - We studied the lectin binding patterns of 40 initial superficial and 10
      subsequent invasive bladder tumors by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC)
      method using the following biotin-labeled lectins: PNA, DBA, UEA-I, BS-I, ConA
      and WGA. We observed the relationship between lectin binding and subsequent
      course of initial superficial tumors, grade and stage (T). DBA or WGA staining
      tumors and Con A negative tumors revealed no recurrence or superficial
      recurrence. Low grade tumors were DBA or BS-I positive and high grade tumors were
      ConA positive. Low staging tumors possessed DBA or WGA positiveness and high
      staging tumors had ConA positiveness. From these results we considered that
      negative staining of WGA or DBA, or positive staining of ConA was a change
      accompanying the malignant potentiality.

PMID- 3376810
TI  - [Experience with the Stamey method for stress incontinence and cystocele
      vaginalis].
AB  - Endoscopic needle suspension of the vesical neck (Stamey) was used in 4 cases of
      stress incontinence and 4 cases of cystocele vaginalis. In cystocele vaginalis,
      this method was done following anterior colporrhaphy. In postoperative
      examination of chain cystourethrogram, posterior urethrovesical angle, anterior
      urethral inclination angle and base plate of bladder were remarkably improved. In
      the 13 other women with stress incontinence, chain cystourethrogram showed that
      posterior urethrovesical angle and anterior urethral inclination angle were
      greater and bladder base plate was lower in the older group (over 50 years) than
      in the younger group (under 50 years). These results indicated that there were
      some difference in the factors of stress incontinence between the younger group
      and older group with stress incontinence.

PMID- 3376811
TI  - [A modification of the estimation of urinary oxalate using a Sigma kit].
AB  - The Sigma kit for estimating urinary oxalate is an enzymatic procedure. However,
      some errors were encountered using the standard assay system of the kit. Firstly,
      an overestimate of oxalate may arise from the oxidation of ascorbate during the
      alkaline wash stage of the extraction of oxalate from urine. Secondly, an
      underestimate of oxalate may occur because of incomplete extraction of oxalate. A
      modified assay system for measurement of urinary oxalate using the kit is
      reported. The following points were modified: urine was diluted two-fold with 0.2
      M EDTA and and 0.2 M citrate buffer (pH 3.0), oxalate from urine was extracted
      with 0.06 N sodium hydroxide to prevent the overestimation by the oxidation of
      ascorbate, and a plate mixer and addition of a small magnet to the vial were used
      in the steps of both absorption and extraction of oxalate to keep the accuracy of
      the estimation. The linearity of standard curve, reproducibility and recovery
      rates of the modified method were studied, and good results were obtained
      (linearity; r = 0.999, CV of reproducibility; 5.3%, recovery rate; 101% (300
      microM) and 103% (600 microM). A good correlation was seen between the modified
      Sigma method and high performance liquid chromatography (r = 0.991).

PMID- 3376812
TI  - [Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for radiolucent calculi in the upper
      urinary tract].
AB  - Eight years have passed since extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was
      used clinically for the first time, and now its usefulness is recognized all over
      the world. At first, variable cases were considered to be contra-indicative, one
      of which was the radiolucent calculi. This time for two cases of the radiolucent
      calculi we performed ESWL under retrograde pyelography. Using this technique, we
      brought the filling defect of RP into the focus of the shock waves. The stones
      were effectively disintegrated and these patients became stone-free in five
      weeks.

PMID- 3376813
TI  - [Clinical results of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and
      percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy (PNL) in combination].
AB  - Forty-two (44 renal units) were treated by combination of ESWL and percutaneous
      nephrostomy or PNL. Staghorn calculi were found in 33, renal stones in 6 and
      ureter stones in 5. Residual stone rate was 18.2% in staghorn calculi. No severe
      complications were seen.

PMID- 3376814
TI  - [Clinical results of percutaneous nephroureterolithotripsy].
AB  - Thirty-five patients (37 renal units) were treated by PNL. Nine had complete
      staghorn calculi, 2 multiple reno-ureteral stones, 12 solitary renal stone, and
      14 upper ureteral stone. The success rate was 94.6%. No severe complications were
      seen.

PMID- 3376815
TI  - [A clinical experience of upper urinary tract disease using an endourological
      technic].
AB  - Fifty-three patients with upper urinary tract disease were treated by using
      endourological technique between July, 1986 and July, 1987; percutaneous
      nephrolithotripsy (PNL) in 26 cases, transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) in 11
      cases, endopyelotomy for ureteropelvic obstruction in 3 cases, dilation of
      ureteral stenosis in 3 cases and percutaneous nephrostomy in 10 cases. The stones
      could be successfully removed in 24 cases (92%) of PNL and 10 cases (91%) of TUL.
      No severe complications were seen in this series. The many reports of PNL and TUL
      were investigated in detail, but other endourological approach will need further
      long-term followup.

PMID- 3376816
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of pyeloplasty of ureteropelvic junction obstruction].
AB  - Twenty-five of 34 patients who underwent pyeloplasty operation for ureteropelvic
      junction obstruction were able to be followed up for three months or more after
      operation. Postoperative results were compared in twenty-six kidneys of these
      patients according to clinical conditions such as age, duration of indwelling
      nephrostomy tube and splint catheter, operative method (one-stage or two-stage
      operation), preoperative urinary tract infections, preoperative grade of
      hydronephrosis and the postoperative period evaluated. Postoperative results
      evaluated at three months after operation, revealed no case with excellent
      improvement. At 36 months after operation excellent improvement rate was 46.7%
      and there was a significant difference in excellent improvement rate between
      these times. At 3, 6, 12 and 36 months after operation, improvement rate was
      35.7, 55.0, 52.9 and 86.7%, respectively. At 3 and 6 months or more,
      deterioration rate was 29 and 0%, respectively. It is concluded that evaluation
      of pyeloplasty should be done at least 6 months after operation and even if renal
      function is stable at this period, more improvement in renal function can be
      expected at one year or more after operation.

PMID- 3376817
TI  - Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in bladder cancer tissues detected by monoclonal
      antibody.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies against Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) were obtained
      by the hybridoma technique. The expression of T-Ag in 73 specimens of bladder
      cancer was examined by the immunofluorescence method using these monoclonal
      antibodies. Seventeen (53%) of grade I, 18 (44%) of grade II and 5 (50%) of grade
      III were diffusely stained with anti-T. Of the T-negative tumors, 14 (44%) of
      grade I and 13 (32%) of grade II showed positive staining after neuraminidase
      treatment (cryptic T-positive) while only 1 (10%) of grade III was cryptic T
      positive. On the contrary, only 1 case (3%) of grade I was cryptic T-negative
      while 10 (24%) of grade II and 4 (40%) of grade III (were. The T-antigen
      expression and the histological grades correlated significantly (p less than
      0.05). Twenty-eight (70%) of the T-positive cases and 9 (60%) of the cryptic T
      negative cases recurred while only 3 (11%) of the cryptic T-positive cases did (p
      less than 0.01). The monoclonal antibodies were more useful than peanut lectin
      (PNA) or conventional polyclonal antibodies on the detection of T-antigen.

PMID- 3376819
TI  - [Evaluation of the free nipple method in cutaneous ureterostomy].
AB  - Cutaneous ureterostomies, in which urostomas were made by a free nipple method,
      were performed on 14 ureters of 10 patients. The free nipple method was evaluated
      from the standing point of stoma care. Catheterless cutaneous ureterostomy was
      applied in 8 of the 10 patients. Six patients had to have catheters, and the
      catheter was not needed in 2 patients. The reasons for reindwelling the catheter
      in 6 patients were: 1) the urostoma had come to be at skin level by disturbance
      of blood supply for the ureter, and 2) urine puddled just on the urostoma and
      oozed out between the skin and Varicare flange. It may be concluded that the free
      nipple method is not satisfactory as urostoma in cutaneous ureterostomy for
      advancing the quality of life of the ostomate. A further study is in progress.

PMID- 3376818
TI  - [Study of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in bladder tumors].
AB  - Thomsen Friedenreich antigen (T-ag), ABH isoantigen (ABH-ag) in 106 cases with
      bladder tumor (all transitional cell carcinoma) of various histological grades
      and stages were investigated by the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (ABC)
      method. There was a correlation between histological grade, stage and deletion of
      the antigenicity (T-ag and ABH-ag). In a follow-up study of 45 patients with low
      grade and low stage tumor, the recurrence rate after surgery of the cases with
      abnormal antigenicity (T-ag and ABH-ag) was significantly higher than that of the
      cases with the normal antigenicity. Combination of two markers (T-ag and ABH-ag)
      was significantly more effective than the single marker.

PMID- 3376820
TI  - [Clinical experience with the Kock continent ileal urinary reservoir].
AB  - From May 1985 through July 1987, 22 patients underwent Kock continent ileal
      reservoir for urinary diversion. There were 19 males and 3 females, between 38
      and 82 years old (mean age 63.1 years). A one-stage radical cystectomy and Kock
      pouch construction were performed in 21 patients. One patients was converted from
      standard ileal conduit to this new reservoir. The keys to success of the Kock
      pouch are creation and maintenance of the nipple valve to prevent reflux and to
      ensure continence. Mesenteric fat is removed with CUSA for 8 cm along the
      afferent-efferent limbs of the pouch and exclusion of mesentery is limited for
      only 3-4 cm. This important modification will ensure adequate ileal
      intussusception and vascular supply to the valves. To prevent eversion and
      prolapse, the nipple valve is anchored to the wall of reservoir. A strip of
      sauvage filamentous Dacron serves as a collar to fix the afferent-efferent limbs
      to the pouch. There were 2 postoperative deaths and two major early complication:
      1 acute renal failure and 1 intestinal fistula, both of which were treated
      conservatively. Late complications occurred in 6 patients. Of these 6 patients, 1
      required reoperation and revision of the continence valve mechanism and 1
      required hospitalization for entero-pouch fistula. Serum electrolytes and vitamin
      B12 remained normal in all patients. Patients perform self-catheterization every
      4-6 hours during the day and once at night for volumes ranging up to 1,000 ml.
      The end result in 19 of 20 patients was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3376821
TI  - [Transurethral electroresection of the external urethral sphincter in the
      urological management of male tetraplegics].
AB  - Transurethral electroresection of external urethral sphincter (TUR-sph) was
      performed in sixteen male tetraplegics to obtain good voiding efficiency and to
      prevent autonomic dysreflexia due to detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Ratio of
      residual urine as a parameter of voiding efficiency and blood pressure and plasma
      noradrenaline level during voiding as parameters of the significance of autonomic
      dysreflexia were evaluated before and after TUR-sph, and all these parameters had
      significantly improved after TUR-sph. After discharge from the hospital, all
      patients urinated comfortably with the maneuver of suprapubic percussion by
      themselves and/or their helpmates, and no patients complained of any
      inconvenience due to urinary incontinence. Moreover, no patients had the episode
      of autonomic dysreflexia in daily life except for one patient who had it once
      with urinary tract infection. TUR-sph brings not only the improvement of voiding
      efficiency but also the effect as a safety valve against autonomic dysreflexia by
      means of preventing the occurrence of autonomic dysreflexia due to detrusor
      sphincter dyssynergia.

PMID- 3376822
TI  - [Clinical studies of male urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis].
AB  - From January through June 1983, 178 male patients with urethritis were
      investigated on the etiology and epidemiological and clinical features. By using
      Chlamydia trachomatis direct specimen test (Micro Trak), C. trachomatis was
      detected in 60 (47.2%) among 127 patients with non-gonococcal urethritis, while
      it was detected 8 (15.7%) among 51 patients with gonococcal urethritis. The
      source of infection was a non-prostitute in 30% of chlamydial urethritis, while
      in gonorrheal urethritis only one patient was infected from a non-prostitute.
      Mean incubation period of chlamydial and gonorrheal urethritis was 28.5 and 9.2
      days, respectively. In chlamydial urethritis, 33.3% of patients did not complain
      of urination pain and 20.4% showed no urethral discharge. Symptoms of chlamydial
      urethritis were milder than those of gonorrheal urethritis.

PMID- 3376823
TI  - [Statistical study of penile cancer].
AB  - Between 1961 and 1985, 44 cases of penile cancer were experienced at Gunma
      University Hospital. We statistically analyzed 42 of them. The average age was
      56.9 years old, ranging from 28 to 86 years old. Interval from onset of the
      disease to first visit to our hospital ranged from 0 to 50 months, averaging 9
      months. The main chief complaints were mass formation, spontaneous pain,
      ulceration, and abnormality of urinary stream. More than 75% of them had
      phimosis. Thirty-one percent had stage 1, 29% stage 2, 38% stage 3, and 2% stage
      4 cancer, according to Jackson's classification. All of them were diagnosed with
      squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical treatment was given to 37 patients (radical or
      partial penectomy was performed in most cases). Chemotherapy was given to 23
      patients (main chemotherapeutic agent was bleomycin or peplomycin) and
      irradiation to 26 patients. Five-year survival was seen in 77% of the cases, 92%
      in low stage group (stage 1 and 2) and 63% in high stage group (stage 3 and 4).
      Ten-year survival was seen in 62% of the cases, 79% in low stage group and 43% in
      high stage group (Kaplan-Meier method).

PMID- 3376824
TI  - [Clinical studies of varicocele. 1: Clinical statistical analysis of varicocele].
AB  - A clinical statistical analysis was conducted of the patients with varicocele who
      visited the Department of Urology, Osaka City University, and its related
      hospitals. Regarding the age distribution, patients younger than 50 years old
      were predominant; this age group included 20 of 24 cases, or 83%. An overwhelming
      majority of the cases, 75%, had the main complaint of infertility; they had not
      been able to have children even after 2 to 3 years of marriage. The next most
      common complaint was swelling and/or an uncomfortable feeling of the contents of
      the scrotum. In all of the cases, the lesion was seen in the left side of the
      scrotum. When the patients were classified on the basis of the sperm count,
      oligospermia was predominant; it was seen in 15 cases (62.5%). A study on the
      relationship between the sperm count and the grade of varicocele revealed a
      tendency for the sperm count to show an inverse relationship with the grade.
      Testicular atrophy showed a direct correlation with the grade. Of the patients
      with varicocele, 5 patients had one or more children, while 8 patients (61.5%)
      complained of their inability to have a child. No particular relationship could
      be identified between the age at the time of visiting our Department as
      outpatients and the degree of testicular atrophy.

PMID- 3376825
TI  - [Clinical studies of varicocele. 2: Radiographic examination and measurement of
      spermatic vein pressure in varicocele patients].
AB  - There are two types of internal spermatic veins (ISV) by radiographic
      examinations. In type 1, ISV is dilated with some collateral venous branches. On
      the other hand, ISV of type 2 is narrowed with increased collateral venous
      branches or abnormalities such as the circumaortic renal are seen. In these
      groups, pressure of renal vein and ISV were measured. As a result, renal vein
      pressure was about the same in type 1 as in the controls at 9.5 +/- 2.3 cmH2O but
      was higher in type 2 at 17.0 +/- 2.8 cmH2O. As for ISV, it was also about the
      same in type 2 as in the controls at 13.9 +/- 6.8 cmH2O but was markedly higher
      in type 2 at 33.3 +/- 3.9 cmH2O. When selective renal venography was performed, a
      contrast medium back-flow was seen in 9 out of 11 type 1 varicocele patients, but
      it was not seen in any of the cases with the nutcracker phenomenon. These results
      suggested that type 1 may be caused by the structural and functional disorders in
      the valve between the renal vein and ISV. In contrast, pathogenesis of type 2
      varicocele may be due to an abnormality of the ISV in the embryo.

PMID- 3376826
TI  - [Clinical studies of varicocele. 3: A rare venous return via Santorini's plexus
      in a varicocele patient. Report of a case].
AB  - A 12-year-old man was referred to our clinic because of sanguineous discharge. At
      the out-patient department, bilateral varicocele was found. Urinalysis showed
      microscopic hematuria, but no other laboratory data were abnormal. Excretion
      urography was normal. The retrograde phlebograph showed a rare venous return via
      Santorini's plexus and lumbar veins. After varicocelectomy, urinalysis improved.

PMID- 3376827
TI  - [A case of renal artery embolism treated with urokinase].
AB  - Herein we describe a 59-year-old man with left renal artery emboli treated with
      selective intra-arterial infusion followed by systemic intravenous infusion of
      urokinase. Total dose of infused urokinase was 2,712,000 units. Although the
      function of the affected kidney was not recovered, we have demonstrated
      successful clot lysis and no complication. Selective or systemic thrombolytic
      therapy is extremely promising as a method of treatment of renal artery embolism,
      especially in the poor operative candidate. The availability of this potentially
      efficacious therapy suggests that aggressive diagnostic studies be performed
      early in patients suspected of having renal artery embolism.

PMID- 3376828
TI  - [Left side renal cell carcinoma removed with the spleen, pancreas body, pancreas
      tail, and about one third of the left diaphragm: a case report].
AB  - A 61-year-old woman was admitted with the chief complaint of left lumbodorsal
      pain. Left renal cell carcinoma invaded to the spleen, pancreas body, pancreas
      tail and left diaphragm, which was diagnosed by computed tomography.
      Transabdominal radical nephrectomy with en bloc resection of the spleen, pancreas
      body, pancreas tail and one third of the left diaphragm was performed. A similar
      case was first reported by Suzuki et al. in 1982. This case seems to be the
      second in the Japanese literature.

PMID- 3376829
TI  - [A case of hamartoma of the retroperitoneal space].
AB  - A case of hamartoma of the retroperitoneal space in a 59-year-old woman is
      reported. Excretory urography, computed tomography and adrenal angiography
      revealed a tumor with multiple calcification in the left retroperitoneal space.
      The tumor measuring 6.5 by 3.5 cm, and weighing 30 gm, was removed operatively.
      Removed specimen consisted of many cysts of various sizes containing mucous fluid
      and multiple small stones. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of a tubular
      structure lined by ciliated, epithelium-like tissue of the respiratory system or
      that of Fallopian tube. These tubules were occasionally dilated cystically. No
      atypical cells were found. The postoperative course was uneventful.

PMID- 3376830
TI  - [Three case reports of monorchism].
AB  - A 3-year-old boy, with left testicle absent, a 3-year-old boy with right testicle
      absent and a 5-year-old with left testicle absent visited our clinic. On
      operation the testes and the vas could not be found in the inguinal canal or in
      the retroperitoneal space in all 3 cases. These three cases are reported along
      with embryological studies.

PMID- 3376831
TI  - [Clinical statistics of the patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Kyoto
      City Hospital, July 1981 to December 1986].
AB  - A statistic survey was made on the patients, diseases, and operations experienced
      at the urological ward of Kyoto City Hospital between July, 1981 and December,
      1986.

PMID- 3376832
TI  - [Clinical statistics of the patients admitted to the Department of Urology, Kobe
      General Hospital, 1982-1986].
AB  - A statistic survey was made on the patients, diseases and operations experienced
      at the urological ward of Kobe General Hospital between 1982 and 1986.

PMID- 3376833
TI  - [A clinical study of genital herpes and the clinical efficacy of acyclovir
      tablets].
AB  - A clinical study for genital herpes was conducted on 154 patients and the
      efficacy of treatment with oral acyclovir was investigated in 51 of these
      patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence or viral
      isolation from the lesion. This disease has increased in both males and females
      in recent years and was found in 2.3-2.9% of the out-patients examined in 1986.
      Seventy percent of the patients were between 20 and 30 years old. About 70% of
      the male patients had phimosis. In patients with the first infection, bilateral
      eruption (62%) and lymphadenopathy (54%) were more common than unilateral
      lesions. However, in those with recurrent infection, unilateral eruption (72%)
      and lymphadenopathy (52%) were more common. Sixty two percent of those with the
      first infection had scattered eruption on external genitalia, but 71% with
      recurrent infection, had lesions concentrated in several areas. Local symptoms
      such as pain in the external genitalia (male: female, 16%: 85%), pain in the
      lower extremities (26%: 45%), discomfort in the lower extremities (20%: 41%) and
      systemic symptoms such as malaise (22%: 48%) and anorexia (4%: 35%) were seen
      more frequently in females than in males. In addition, systemic symptoms such as
      fever (first episode: recurrent episode, 36%: 4%), malaise (34%: 9%) and anorexia
      (18%: 2%) were seen more frequently in patients with the first episode than in
      those with recurrence. HSV type 1 infections were found in 16% of males and 28%
      of females with the first episode, but were less common in the recurrent episode,
      0% and 13%, respectively. Direct immunofluorescence was positive in 75 (59%) of
      128 samples diagnosed by viral isolation. Treatment with oral acyclovir tablets,
      200 mg five times daily, was very effective in 26 of 30 patients (87%). No side
      effects were observed. In this study, acyclovir tablet has been shown to be a
      very effective and well-tolerated treatment for genital herpes infections.

PMID- 3376834
TI  - Increase in experimental infarct size with digoxin in a canine model of
      myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
AB  - In the present study, dogs were pretreated with intravenous digoxin, 0.0125
      mg/kg/day, for 6 to 7 consecutive days to achieve clinically relevant serum
      concentrations; untreated animals were used as control subjects. After
      pretreatment, nine digoxin-pretreated dogs and nine control dogs were
      anesthetized and subjected to a 60-minute occlusion of the left circumflex
      coronary artery, followed by 6 hours of reperfusion. Anatomic myocardial infarct
      size, expressed as a percentage of the areas at risk of infarction and as a
      percentage of the total left ventricle were: 20.2 +/- 3.3% control vs 35.4 +/-
      6.2% digoxin-pretreated (p less than 0.05) and 8.6 +/- 1.3% control vs 14.7 +/-
      2.5% digoxin-pretreated (p less than 0.05), respectively (2.04 +/- 0.37 ng/ml
      serum digoxin). Regional myocardial blood flow in the nonischemic and ischemic
      zones tended to be lower in digoxin-pretreated than in control animals at
      baseline testing and were significantly reduced in the anterior subendocardial
      sites of digoxin-pretreated dogs during ischemia and reperfusion. These data
      suggest that an exacerbation or enhancement of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
      injury may occur in the presence of clinically observable serum digoxin
      concentrations.

PMID- 3376835
TI  - Management of patients with prolonged ischemic chest pain without acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Consecutive patients admitted to a Coronary Care Unit during 1981-1982 were
      studied. One hundred twenty-eight patients had prolonged ischemic chest pain
      without developing myocardial infarction. Follow-up information was available in
      121 at an average period of 38 months. Thirty-eight patients (32.8%) sustained
      significant cardiovascular events, including 14 cardiac deaths. Only 15 patients
      were symptom-free off treatment. Prognosis was best determined from the resting
      ECG. Transient ST-T wave shifts predicted patients at high risk of further
      cardiovascular events and allowed selection of a group meriting more intensive
      treatment.

PMID- 3376836
TI  - Findings on routine right heart catheterization in patients with suspected
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - Whether catheterization of the right heart should be performed routinely in all
      patients undergoing coronary angiography for assessment of coronary artery
      disease is controversial. To objectively assess the utility of routine right
      heart catheterization, hemodynamic data from 2,178 patients studied for angina
      having no signs, symptoms, or history of congestive heart failure were analyzed
      retrospectively. The salient results are as follows: 0.9% patients had
      unsuspected mitral valve gradients greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg; 0.4% had
      occult left-to-right shunts; 1% had pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery
      systolic pressure greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg) not attributable to an
      elevated mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP); 4.8% had PCWP greater
      than or equal to 18 mm Hg; 6% had cardiac indexes less than or equal to 2.0
      L/min/m2, suggesting subclinical left ventricular failure. Overall, 14.5% of
      patients had at least one abnormal right-sided hemodynamic variable revealed by
      right heart catheterization. The frequency of abnormalities increased with
      increasing Canadian Cardiovascular Society grade of angina. Ten percent of grade
      1, 14% of grade 2, 15% of grade 3, and 19% of patient 4 patients had at least one
      abnormality (phi 2 test, p less than or equal to 0.005). It is concluded that the
      right heart catheterization adds an important dimension to the diagnosis and
      treatment of patients undergoing coronary angiography for assessment of coronary
      artery disease and might significantly influence subsequent patient management.

PMID- 3376837
TI  - Oral amiodarone loading therapy. I. The effect on serial signal-averaged
      electrocardiographic recordings and the QTc in patients with ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias.
AB  - The effect of amiodarone loading (1400 mg/day for 7 days) and maintenance therapy
      (400 mg/day) on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) and the QTc were
      evaluated in 14 patients. Daily recordings were taken for the first 7 days of
      loading and on the ninth, twelfth, fourteenth, and twenty-first day of
      maintenance therapy. All patients had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia
      (VT), 10 of them had late potential (LP) positive recording, and four were LP
      negative during control measurements. Amiodarone loading significantly changed
      all SAECG indices and prolonged the QTc. Changes induced by amiodarone were
      present within 24 hours of administration. The time to reach peak effect varied
      from 6 to 9 days. The maximum increase in late potential duration (LPD) was
      threefold greater than the increase in filtered QRS duration or QTc (61% vs 18%
      vs 14%, respectively), suggesting a more pronounced effect on the reentrant
      pathway than on the remaining myocardium. Of the four LP negative patients, three
      became LP positive while receiving amiodarone. In conclusion, amiodarone affects
      all SAECG indices. However, the magnitude of the changes varies, being most
      pronounced on the LPD. Amiodarone affects the SAECG and the QTc within the first
      24 hours. The time of onset of the peak effect varies from 6 to 9 days. LP
      negative patients with inducible VT frequently became LP positive during
      amiodarone therapy.

PMID- 3376838
TI  - Concentration response relationships of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone.
AB  - Twelve patients with frequent ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs)
      received amiodarone, 600 mg/day, for up to 8 weeks. On days 0, 1, 4, 8, 15, 22,
      36, and 57 of treatment, 24-hour ambulatory ECGs were obtained, and multiple
      blood samples were taken for determination of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone
      plasma concentrations. All patients had at least 75% suppression of VPDs. The
      mean duration of therapy before the onset of antiarrhythmic effect was 13.2 days
      (range 1 to 36 days). Trough amiodarone and desethylamiodarone plasma
      concentrations at the time of onset of antiarrhythmic effect were 0.86 +/- 0.48
      mg/L and 0.23 +/- 0.15 mg/L, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of patients
      responded at amiodarone concentrations below 1.0 mg/L. For each patient there was
      a progressive decrease in frequency of VPDs as both amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone concentrations increased. Regression modeling indicated that
      both amiodarone and desethylamiodarone plasma concentrations explained
      significant variability in the frequency of VPDs, and amiodarone and
      desethylamiodarone plasma concentrations were highly correlated with each other.
      There was a trend for desethylamiodarone to explain more variability in frequency
      of VPDs than amiodarone.

PMID- 3376839
TI  - Induction of partial alterations in atrioventricular conduction in dogs by
      percutaneous emission of high-frequency currents.
AB  - Ten anesthetized dogs were studied in an attempt to provoke partial alterations
      in atrioventricular (AV) conduction by high-frequency current (HFC) transcatheter
      ablation. A discharge power (10 to 15 W) was used for less than 5 seconds after
      reaching complete AV block (CAVB). The catheter was placed within an area having
      an A/V ratio = 1 with His bundle deflection. If following discharge, no
      appreciable lengthening an AH, AV nodal block cycle length (Wenckebach point,
      WP), and/or functional nodal refractory period (FRPAVN) was observed, the
      procedure was repeated. Four dogs (group I) were killed immediately, and the
      other six (group II) after 2 to 4 weeks. The AH interval, WP, and FRPAVN were
      found to prolong significantly following HFC, without variations in HV interval.
      In group II, two dogs progressed to CAVB, whereas the other four maintained 1:1
      AV conduction with AH, WP, and FRPAVN greater than before the power discharge. In
      conclusion, HFC is an efficient technique to induce partial alterations in AV
      conduction, since the discharge can be adjusted and the ablation can be localized
      to specific regions.

PMID- 3376840
TI  - Acute and chronic effects of ketanserin on the electrophysiologic properties of
      isolated rabbit ventricular myocardium: particular reference to repolarization.
AB  - The acute and chronic cellular electrophysiologic actions of ketanserin, a
      selective blocker of 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT2) receptor, were examined in the
      isolated rabbit ventricular muscle. This work was prompted by the recent
      observations that small numbers of patients treated with hypertension develop QTc
      prolongation, rarely associated with torsades de pointes. At 1.0 Hz stimulation,
      ketanserin, 10(-5) and 10(-4) M, prolonged the action potential duration (APD)
      (by 20% and 29%, respectively) and voltage-dependent refractoriness. At 10(-4) M,
      the maximal rate of rise of phase 0 of the action potential (Vmax) decreased 11%.
      Action potential amplitude and resting membrane potential were not affected by
      either concentration of ketanserin used (10(-6) to 10(-4) M). Trains of stimuli
      at rates of 1.0 Hz or higher led to an exponential decline in Vmax to a new
      plateau level. The time constant for the recovery of Vmax from the use-dependent
      block was 1.3 second. Chronic administration of ketanserin (40 mg/kg/day,
      intramuscularly) caused a significant prolongation of APD (106%; p less than
      0.01) and voltage-dependent refractoriness without effects on the action
      potential amplitude, resting membrane potential, and Vmax. These data indicate
      that ketanserin exerts significant class I effects with mild class III effects
      when superfused acutely, whereas chronic administration of ketanserin exhibits
      marked class III effects. Both effects of the drug are likely to exert
      significant antiarrhythmic actions.

PMID- 3376841
TI  - Effect of the second-generation calcium channel blocker nisoldipine on left
      ventricular contractility in cardiac failure.
AB  - We studied the acute effects of nisoldipine, a new second-generation calcium
      channel-blocking drug, on cardiac hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV)
      contractility in 10 patients with grade 2 to 4 cardiac failure. Pressures were
      measured from an arterial line and a flow-guided catheter in the pulmonary
      artery, cardiac output by thermodilution, and LV ejection fraction simultaneously
      by radionuclide ventriculography. Ventricular loading conditions were altered by
      sublingual nitroglycerin to facilitate construction of LV end-systolic pressure
      (radial stress)-volume and stress-shortening curves. Nisoldipine, given by
      continuous intravenous infusion (0.12 micrograms/kg/min), reduced mean arterial
      pressure (p = 0.001), systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.05), and the
      double product, a measurement of myocardial oxygen demand (p less than 0.01).
      Cardiac index, stroke index, and LV ejection fraction increased in 8 of the 10
      patients. LV contractility was initially greatly reduced and was unchanged or
      slightly decreased during the administration of nisoldipine. Emax, the slope of
      the end-systolic pressure-volume curve, was unaltered in half of the patients and
      decreased in the others (NS), whereas the end-systolic stress-shortening curve
      did not change. In summary, nisoldipine has a potentially useful acute
      hemodynamic profile in patients with cardiac failure; it increases forward blood
      flow in most patients, decreases the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand,
      and produces little measurable changes in the inotropic state of the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 3376842
TI  - Preservation of the end-systolic pressure/end-systolic dimension relation
      following pindolol in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Beta blockade may adversely affect inotropic state of the ventricle, resulting in
      exacerbation of congestive heart failure in subjects with reduced ventricular
      function. In normal subjects, ventricular contractility appears to be preserved
      following administration of beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
      (ISA). The inotropic state of the ventricle was assessed in seven subjects with
      congestive heart failure (mean ejection fraction = 23 +/- 5%) before and after
      administration of the ISA beta blocker, pindolol, with the use of the
      noninvasively derived end-systolic pressure/end-systolic dimension (ESP/ESD)
      relation. The mean slope of the ESP/ESD relation was 36.3 +/- 20.4 mm Hg/cm at
      baseline and increased to 45.0 +/- 25.2 mm Hg/cm following five consecutive 10 mg
      oral doses of pindolol (p = ns). Other simultaneously derived inotropic indices
      that included percent fractional shortening, mean delta P/delta T, velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening, and preejection period-to-left ventricular
      ejection time ratio showed directionally similar changes toward a mild increase
      in contractility. These results indicate that the slope of the left ventricular
      ESP/ESD relation is not altered following repeated dosing with pindolol in
      subjects with congestive heart failure. This reflects a preservation of inotropic
      state following administration of this ISA beta blocker in a population with
      severely compromised ventricular function.

PMID- 3376843
TI  - Clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of patients with inducible pulsus
      alternans.
AB  - Pulsus alternans can be found in some patients with abnormal left ventricular
      function and also can develop after spontaneous premature beats. The purposes of
      this study were to: (1) determine the inducibility of pulsus alternans in a
      series of patients referred for routine cardiac catheterization and (2) define
      the clinical and hemodynamic characteristics of those who develop pulsus
      alternans. In 104 patients referred for right and left heart catheterization,
      atrial premature beats and rapid atrial pacing were used to try to provoke pulsus
      alternans. The 29 patients who developed pulsus alternans in response to these
      maneuvers were older (63 +/- 6 vs 59 +/- 10 years, p less than 0.01) and had a
      greater incidence of valvular heart disease (45% vs 23%, p less than 0.01) and
      congestive heart failure (38% vs 17%, p less than 0.05). Aortic stenosis was the
      most prevalent valve lesion found. Those who developed pulsus alternans in
      response to pacing were further characterized by higher left ventricular systolic
      (143 +/- 42 vs 121 +/- 23 mm Hg, p less than 0.02) and end-diastolic pressures
      (17 +/- 9 vs 13 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), higher pulmonary artery systolic
      pressure (35 +/- 14 vs 29 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.04), and lower left
      ventricular ejection fractions (0.42 +/- 0.13 vs 0.53 +/- 0.14, p less than
      0.001). Eight patients (28%) with inducible pulsus alternans had a normal left
      ventricular ejection fraction (greater than 0.50) and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressure (less than 13 mm Hg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376844
TI  - Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after two-stage anatomic
      correction of transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - Anatomic repair of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) has been developed
      because of concerns about right ventricular function after atrial repair by the
      Mustard or the Senning technique. This study assessed left ventricular systolic
      and diastolic function in three patients after two-stage anatomic repair. Two
      patients had a ventricular septal defect (one with coarctation), and the third
      patient had right ventricular dysfunction precluding atrial repair. All had
      pulmonary artery banding. The mean ages at the time of repair and catheterization
      were 2.75 and 4.9 years, respectively. The control group included 10 patients
      with insignificant or no cardiac disease. At cardiac catheterization the group
      with TGA had a higher mean end-diastolic volume index (110.9 +/- 4.74 ml/m2)
      compared to normal subjects (79.1 +/- 14.55; p less than 0.001), mean end
      systolic volume index (37.3 +/- 3.69 vs 22.7 +/- 4.42; p less than 0.001), mass
      index (101.0 +/- 16.9 vs 68.2 +/- 12.34; p = 0.038), and stroke volume index
      (73.6 +/- 3.52 vs 56.5 +/- 12.1; p = 0.0027). The ejection fractions, end
      diastolic and peak systolic pressures, and stresses were not different. There was
      no difference in the relationship between the mean rate-corrected velocity of
      circumferential fiber shortening and end-systolic stress for the group with TGA,
      but myocardial stiffness was markedly elevated (29.5 +/- 1.84 vs 10.8 +/- 2.20; p
      less than 0.001). Thus, this study found abnormalities of left ventricular size
      after two-stage anatomic repair of TGA in this group of patients with
      TGA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376845
TI  - One-year follow-up of cardiac and coronary artery disease in infants and children
      with Kawasaki disease.
AB  - Of 75 patients meeting clinical criteria for Kawasaki disease, 67 patients were
      followed with serial ECG and echocardiograms (echo) for at least 1 year. Sixteen
      patients had coronary artery aneurysms and three had dilated coronary arteries as
      assessed by initial two-dimensional (2D) echo and/or angiocardiographic studies.
      ECG findings of first and second-degree heart block and ST-T wave changes (36%)
      as well as M-mode echo abnormalities (45%) including pericardial effusion,
      decreased ventricular septal motion, and decreased left ventricular function were
      all normalized by 6 months, except in two infants who continued to have decreased
      function and flat ventricular septal motion. In four patients with single
      proximal coronary aneurysm and two with dilated coronary artery, resolution of
      lesions occurred by 1 year. Among 11 patients with multiple coronary aneurysms
      discovered by initial studies, the 2D echo became normal in seven and showed
      aneurysms in four as corroborated by angiogram. One patient with an isolated
      distal coronary aneurysm, not seen by initial or serial echo, had a normal follow
      up angiogram. Our study suggests that in Kawasaki disease careful, serial, 2D
      echo is sufficient to monitor the course of coronary artery disease that tends to
      regress and follow a benign course. However, the long-term effects of this
      disease on cardiac and coronary arteries remain to be elucidated.

PMID- 3376846
TI  - Mitral stenosis: mitral dome excursion at M1 and the mitral opening snap--the
      concept of reciprocal heart sounds.
AB  - The dynamics of the delayed accentuated mitral component (M1) of the first heart
      sound and the MOS were studied in 11 patients with mitral stenosis of varying
      severity. Echophonocardiographic (M-mode and 2D) studies were performed with
      analysis of LA dimensions, dynamics, and mitral valve excursion at the time of M1
      and MOS. LA area and length, mitral annular diameter, and mitral dome area (from
      anulus plane to fused valve tip) and length were measured at M1 and MOS.
      Significant dynamic increases in mitral dome area and length occurred from M1 to
      MOS, with less striking but consistent increases in LA area, LA length, and
      mitral annular diameter. Conversely, mitral dome area and length decreased
      significantly from MOS to M1, with less striking but consistent decreases in LA
      area, LA length, and mitral annular diameter. Frame-by-frame video tape analysis
      showed that dome movement was separate from anulus motion. Mitral dome descent
      into the left ventricle terminated at MOS and reversal of dome motion terminated
      at M1. The conformational and dimensional changes that terminated abruptly at MOS
      reversed and terminated abruptly in a reciprocal manner at the time of the
      delayed, accentuated M1. When considered in light of known hemodynamic, pressure
      pulse, and imaging correlates in mitral stenosis, these observations strengthen
      the hypothesis that the mechanisms involved in the production of M1 and MOS in
      mitral stenosis are paired or reciprocal in nature, and the delayed, accentuated
      M1 and the MOS of mitral stenosis are reciprocal cardiovascular sounds.

PMID- 3376847
TI  - Long-term results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty of valvar pulmonic stenosis.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to document long-term results of percutaneous
      balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Forty-one patients, aged 7 days to 20 years,
      underwent pulmonary valvuloplasty over a 3 1/2-year period ending in April, 1987.
      Balloon valvuloplasty resulted in immediate reduction in the pulmonary valvar
      pressure gradient from 92 +/- 45 to 30 +/- 22 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Follow
      up (3 to 34 months) clinical, ECG, and echo Doppler data were available in 35
      patients. Follow-up (6 to 34 months) cardiac catheterization data were available
      in 29 of the 35 patients. Short ejection systolic murmurs were heard in all 35,
      but an early diastolic decrescendo murmur was heard in only 12 patients. Based on
      the catheterization and Doppler data, the patients were divided into two groups:
      group I (30 patients) with excellent results and group II (five patients) with
      poor results (gradients greater than 50 mm Hg). In group I ECG right ventricular
      hypertrophy regressed. The echocardiographic right ventricular end-diastolic
      dimension (21 +/- 6 vs 15.9 +/- 4.6 mm) decreased (p less than 0.001) while the
      left ventricular dimension increased (p less than 0.02). Peak Doppler flow
      velocity in the main pulmonary artery fell from 4.0 +/- 0.8 m/sec to 2.3 +/- 0.5
      m/sec (p less than 0.001). Doppler evidence for pulmonary insufficiency was
      present in 21 patients. Catheterization-determined pulmonary valvar gradients (24
      patients) also fell from 95.6 +/- 50.3 mm Hg to 18.3 +/- 12.5 mm Hg (p less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376848
TI  - Fiberoptic angioscopy of cardiac chambers, valves, and great vessels using a
      guiding balloon catheter in dogs.
AB  - The applicability of fiberoptic angioscopy with a guiding balloon catheter to
      observe the cardiac chambers, valves and the great vessels was examined in
      anesthetized dogs. A No. 11 French guiding balloon catheter (balloon diameter 50
      French) was introduced through either the right jugular vein or the right femoral
      vein into the right heart, and then a fiberscope (4.3 French in diameter) was
      introduced through the catheter into the right heart in 10 dogs. The balloon was
      inflated with air and gently pushed against the luminal surface, warm saline was
      infused through the catheter to displace the blood, and the luminal surfaces were
      photographed on 16 mm color cinefilms. Pulmonary angioscopy was also performed in
      these dogs. Similarly, the guiding catheter and fiberscope were introduced
      through the right common carotid artery into the left ventricle for observation
      of the luminal changes in the other 10 dogs. The luminal surfaces of the superior
      vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery could be observed
      in all dogs. The trabeculae of the left ventricle, contracting and relaxing
      synchronously with the cardiac beat, could also be observed in all dogs. However,
      observations of the tricuspid valve, aortic valve, papillary muscle, and chordae
      were successful in only some dogs. Postmortem examinations revealed no obvious
      endocardial or intimal damage. The results indicate the applicability and safety
      of angioscopy guided by a balloon catheter for observations of the luminal
      changes in the cardiac chambers and great vessels.

PMID- 3376849
TI  - Development of posttraumatic coronary aneurysm: clinical implications.

PMID- 3376850
TI  - Aneurysm of the left aortic sinus causing coronary compression and unstable
      angina: successful repair by isolated closure of the aneurysm.

PMID- 3376851
TI  - Pulsus alternans due to 2:1 ventriculoatrial conduction during ventricular
      tachycardia.

PMID- 3376852
TI  - Exercise-induced atrioventricular block: report of three cases.

PMID- 3376853
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a patient with pericardial mesothelioma.

PMID- 3376854
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the heart: three-year survival and follow-up by nuclear magnetic
      resonance imaging.

PMID- 3376855
TI  - Rapidly progressive heart failure resulting from cardiac sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3376856
TI  - An acquired case of aortic coarctation.

PMID- 3376857
TI  - Large pericardial effusions associated with congenital heart disease: five- and
      eight-year follow-up.

PMID- 3376858
TI  - Prophylactic anticoagulation for LV thrombi after AMI.

PMID- 3376860
TI  - Atrial fibrillation and left atrial size.

PMID- 3376859
TI  - Serum sickness from streptokinase.

PMID- 3376861
TI  - LV mass and defibrillation threshold.

PMID- 3376862
TI  - Torsades de pointes.

PMID- 3376863
TI  - Pulmonary embolism death rates.

PMID- 3376864
TI  - Variant angina and REM sleep.

PMID- 3376866
TI  - Type A behavior.

PMID- 3376865
TI  - Inotropic response in CHF: myocarditis vs dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3376867
TI  - All dual-chamber pacemakers function in the DDD mode.

PMID- 3376868
TI  - The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act: where do we go from here?

PMID- 3376869
TI  - Respirators--who's standing guard?

PMID- 3376870
TI  - Scientific cooperation.

PMID- 3376871
TI  - Particle concentration in exhaled breath.

PMID- 3376872
TI  - Subjective tolerance of respirator loads and its relationship to physiological
      effects.
AB  - Subjective and physiological responses to a variety of respiratory loads were
      measured in a group of 52 normal volunteers during steady, moderate treadmill
      exercise. Subjective response (SR) was determined with two visual analogue scales
      developed for this study: EXERT (perceived limitation of exercise duration) and
      DISC (perceived discomfort). There was a linear relationship between inspiratory
      resistance and SR. Expiratory and inspiratory resistance loading produced similar
      subjective effects. Dead space loading, however, produced very little subjective
      effect on either scale. The study suggests that subjective response can be
      measured quantitatively and should be considered in respirator design.

PMID- 3376874
TI  - Chemical protective clothing breakthrough time: comparison of several test
      systems.
AB  - This study compared chemical permeation data obtained with a photo-ionization
      detector in both open- and closed-loop test systems. Also, chemical permeation
      data obtained at two flow rates with an infrared detector in a closed-loop test
      system were compared. Breakthrough times for acetone-neoprene were obtained using
      all systems. Results were evaluated and determined to be system dependent.

PMID- 3376873
TI  - Lead exposure in a ship overhaul facility during paint removal.
AB  - Lead exposures from paint sanding and chipping during ship overhaul were
      evaluated. Several hundred workers were included in the study. Lead
      concentrations in 275 bulk paint samples ranged from 0.03% to 17.0% with a 0.25%
      geometric mean. The geometric mean air lead concentration was 61.0 micrograms/m3
      when these paints were sanded and 2.4 micrograms/m3 when they were chipped. Air
      lead concentrations exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
      (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) when paints containing as little as 0.2%
      lead were sanded but did not exceed the PEL or the action level when paints
      containing up to 6.0% lead were chipped. Poor correlation was found between paint
      lead contents and air lead concentrations for sanding (r = -0.27) and for
      chipping (r = 0.44). Similarly, poor correlation was found between air lead
      concentrations and blood lead levels for sanding (r = -0.14) and chipping (r =
      0.24). Despite higher air lead concentrations, sanders' blood lead levels were
      not elevated compared with chippers and were only slightly elevated compared with
      non-lead workers. An extensive blood monitoring program was found to be
      particularly effective in assessing lead exposures and uptake while air lead
      monitoring was of limited value because of the high variability in air lead
      concentrations and in the nature of the sanding and chipping work during the
      overhaul. Lead-worker training was felt to be a particularly effective control
      measure. Blood samples collected toward the end of the overhaul revealed that
      blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels were not rising as the overhaul
      progressed and neared completion.

PMID- 3376875
TI  - Speaking my mind on AIDS.

PMID- 3376876
TI  - Risk is normal to life itself.
AB  - Health and safety professionals face an enormous challenge. We must communicate
      about safety in the context of all risks that society faces. The health and
      safety professional must be scientifically accurate while working in an
      atmosphere that is frequently emotionally charged. As professionals, we face
      decisions that force us to balance voluntary risks and externally imposed risks.
      How do we set "safety levels" in this context? Even more important, are we
      allowing rational risk decisions to be relegated to computerized risk analyses
      that have so many compounded errors that common sense tells us the estimates are
      clearly wrong? Absurd conclusions, of course, lead to loss of credibility in the
      entire field of risk assessment. In an emotionally-charged environment,
      perceptions are reality. Perceptions are frequently far from scientific reality,
      but perceptions are so strongly held that scientific reality alone cannot change
      opinion. Until risk communicators learn to address perceptions concurrently with
      scientific reality, we will find little improvement in the general understanding
      of relative risk and, hence, little acceptance of slight risks. No one has the
      correct answer to effective risk communication yet, but we must continue the
      search for optimum communication techniques.

PMID- 3376877
TI  - Laboratory study of asthmatic volunteers exposed to nitrogen dioxide and to
      ambient air pollution.
AB  - Adult volunteers with moderate to severe asthma (N = 59) underwent dose-response
      studies to assess their reactivity to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in otherwise clean
      air. Exposure concentrations were 0.0 (control), 0.3 and 0.6 ppm. A subgroup (N =
      36) also underwent exposures to Los Angeles area ambient air at times when NO2
      pollution was expected. Concentrations of NO2 during ambient exposures were 0.086
      +/- 0.024 ppm (mean +/- s.d.). All exposures took place in a movable
      chamber/laboratory facility. Each study lasted 2 hr, with alternating 10 min
      periods of exercise (mean ventilation rate 40 L/min) and rest. Lung function was
      measured prior to exposure and after 10 min, 1 hr and 2 hr of exposure. Symptoms
      were recorded prior to exposure, during exposure and for 1 week afterward. In
      some subjects bronchial reactivity to cold air was measured 1 hr after the end of
      exposure and again 24 hr later. Different exposure conditions were presented in
      randomized order, 1 week apart. No pollutant exposure produced statistically
      significant changes in lung function, symptoms, or bronchial reactivity, relative
      to clean air. Ambient air exposures produced the largest (still nonsignificant)
      mean changes in some lung function tests. Given the physiological and atmospheric
      variability, negative statistical results do not rule out a small unfavorable
      effect of ambient pollution on lung function. If any such effect occurred, it was
      not likely caused by NO2. Statistical results remained negative when the analysis
      was restricted to the 20 subjects with most severe lung dysfunction. In
      conclusion at least in the Los Angeles area, sensitivity to ambient
      concentrations of NO2 is not common, even among adult asthmatics with moderate to
      severe disease.

PMID- 3376878
TI  - Influence on prognosis and morbidity of left ventricular ejection fraction with
      and without signs of left ventricular failure after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is known to be an independent
      predictor of late prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Despite a previous
      report that early heart failure (evidenced only by advanced pulmonary rales in
      the hospital) can predict prognosis in the absence of severe depression of the
      LVEF at hospital discharge, the potentially strong influence of various measures
      of in-hospital heart failure on the predictive ability of LVEF has not been
      generally appreciated. Accordingly, in 972 patients with acute myocardial
      infarction the effect on late mortality of the presence or absence in-hospital of
      both clinical and radiographic signs of LV failure in subgroups of patients with
      normal, moderately or severely depressed LVEF was examined and measured close to
      hospital discharge. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to LVEF: group
      I LVEF less than or equal to 40, n = 265; group II LVEF 0.41 to 0.50, n = 241 and
      group III LVEF greater than or equal to 0.51, n = 466. When clinical signs of LV
      failure were present at any time during the coronary care unit period, the 1-year
      mortality rate after hospital discharge in groups I, II and III was 26, 19 and
      8%, compared with 12% (p less than 0.01), 6% (p less than 0.01) and 3% (p less
      than 0.02), respectively, when signs of LV failure were absent.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376879
TI  - Prognostic significance of an early rise to peak creatine kinase after acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Because an early rise to peak creatine kinase (CK) is regarded as a noninvasive
      marker of early coronary reperfusion, the short- and long-term significance of
      this phenomenon was studied. In a series of consecutive patients admitted between
      1974 and 1976 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 2 hourly CK estimations
      were performed. Complete CK curves were obtained in 102 patients, all of whom
      have been followed for 10 years. Without reference to their clinical course or
      follow-up, patients were divided into those with CK curves peaking less than or
      equal to 15 hours (mean 11 hours; n = 41) and those with curves peaking greater
      than 15 hours (mean 21 hours; n = 61). There were no differences in age, Norris
      index, location of AMI or past history of coronary artery disease between the
      groups; however, the mean peak CK was higher in the late peak group (p less than
      0.05) and there were more non-Q-wave infarcts in the early peak group (p less
      than 0.01). In the first 9 months of follow-up there were fewer cardiac deaths in
      the early peak group (5 vs 13%), but this difference was not significant, and at
      12 months the survival curves crossed. At 10 years, survival was 42% in the early
      peak group and 65% in the late peak group (p less than 0.05). Cox regression
      analysis showed that early peaking of the CK curve was an independent marker for
      cardiac death overall (relative risk 2.3, p less than 0.02). In 1-year survivors
      the relative risk increased to 3.8 (p less than 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3376880
TI  - Natural history of late potentials in the first ten days after acute myocardial
      infarction and relation to early ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Serial signal-averaged electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed every 48 hours in
      50 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction.
      The prevalence of late potentials was 32% at presentation (mean time to recording
      12.4 +/- 6.6 hours after onset of chest pain) and increased progressively
      throughout the hospital stay. New late potentials were recorded in patients with
      no prior acute myocardial infarction as early as 3 hours after the onset of chest
      pain and as late as 8 days. Late potentials appeared transiently in only 3
      patients. The detection of late potentials in the initial signal-averaged ECG
      identified patients with clinically significant early ventricular arrhythmias
      with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 72%. The predictive accuracy was 38%
      for a positive test and 94% for a negative test. Patients with early ventricular
      arrhythmias had significantly lower voltage in the terminal 40 ms of the filtered
      QRS complex (16 +/- 8 vs 32 +/- 19 microV, p less than 0.01) than those without
      arrhythmias. The signal-averaged ECG may be useful in identifying patients at
      high risk of developing clinically significant early ventricular arrhythmias
      after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3376881
TI  - Functional characteristics of nonischemic region during pacing-induced myocardial
      ischemia in angina pectoris.
AB  - To investigate the details of the hyperfunction of nonischemic area during acute
      ischemia, the regional myocardial function at rest and immediately after rapid
      cardiac pacing was compared using cineventriculography in 12 patients with stable
      effort angina. Three left ventricular boundaries at the time of end-diastole,
      aortic valve opening and end-systole were superimposed, and 128 radial grids were
      drawn from the center of gravity of end-diastolic frame to the endocardial
      margin. The changes in the length of each radial grid provided quantitative
      description of segmental systolic function. In the ischemic area, the percent of
      total segment shortening decreased from 36 +/- 6% (mean +/- standard error of the
      mean) to 24 +/- 8% (p less than 0.05) in patients with a significant narrowing of
      left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and from 42 +/- 6% to 20 +/- 4%
      (p less than 0.05) in those with right coronary artery (RCA) involvement. In the
      nonischemic area, the percent of total segment shortening increased from 33 +/-
      7% to 44 +/- 7% (p less than 0.05) in LAD disease, while it was unchanged in RCA
      involvement (40 +/- 5% vs 41 +/- 7%). The percentage of isovolumic segment
      shortening increased from 1 +/- 4% to 7 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05) and from 1 +/-
      1% to 5 +/- 2% (p less than 0.05) in LAD and RCA involvement, respectively.
      Meanwhile, ejection phase shortening did not change significantly (33 +/- 6% vs
      40 +/- 7% in LAD involvement, and 39 +/- 6% vs 38 +/- 7% in RCA
      involvement).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376882
TI  - Characteristics of silent and symptomatic myocardial ischemia during daily
      activities.
AB  - In 191 patients with proven coronary artery disease, 24-hour Holter monitoring
      detected 587 transient episodes of ST depression during daily activities. Of that
      total, 424 episodes were silent (72.3%) and 163 were symptomatic (27.7%). There
      were no statistically significant differences between silent and symptomatic
      episodes as to their mean duration (15.1 vs 14.3 minutes, respectively), heart
      rate at onset of ST depression (93 vs 96 beats/min, respectively), heart rate at
      the time of maximal ST depression (114 beats/min, both) and mean maximal ST
      depression (1.9 vs 2.0 mm, respectively). Of the 191 patients, 104 (55%) had only
      silent episodes, 33 (17%) only symptomatic episodes and 54 (28%) had both types
      ("mixed"). All patients, regardless of episode type, were of similar age,
      received comparable medical therapy, had a similar extent of angiographically
      documented coronary artery disease and similar episode characteristics. However,
      mixed-episode patients had significantly more ischemic episodes per day (4.8)
      than silent-episode (2.6) and symptomatic-episode (1.9) patients (p less than
      0.001 for both) and a longer total period of daily ischemia (60 minutes), than
      the other 2 groups (36 and 28 minutes, respectively, p less than 0.001 for both).
      Of the 191 patients, 97 (51%) had had a previous myocardial infarction. The
      characteristics of their silent and symptomatic episodes were similar to the 94
      (49%) patients without infarction, except for a longer duration of the silent
      episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376883
TI  - Clinical and angiographic correlates and prognostic significance of the coronary
      extent score.
AB  - The clinical and angiographic correlates and the prognostic significance of the
      "coronary extent score" in a consecutive series of 313 patients who were
      catheterized twice were studied. The extent score was defined as the number of 5
      to 75% stenosed segments in a 15-segment coding system. The extent score was
      higher in subgroups of patients with new onset angina at the time of the first
      angiogram (4.3 +/- 2.4 vs 3.3 +/- 1.9, p less than 0.01), unstable angina at the
      time of the second angiogram (4.0 +/- 2.0 vs 3.3 +/- 1.9, p less than 0.05) or
      multifocal progression from the first to the second angiogram (4.0 +/- 2.1 vs 3.3
      +/- 1.9, p less than 0.01), suggesting that it is an index of active coronary
      artery disease. The extent score did not correlate with the number of diseased
      vessels (r = 0.03), the ejection fraction (r = 0.03), the Friesinger score (r =
      0.04) and the Gensini score (r = -0.07) (difference not significant for each).
      Cox's model was fit to the survival data recorded on a prospective basis after
      the second angiogram. Independent predictors of survival were ejection fraction
      (p less than 0.001), extent score (p = 0.001), number of diseased vessels (p =
      0.01) and percent of left main luminal stenosis (p less than 0.05). The extent
      score was also an independent predictor of myocardial infarction and unstable
      angina. Thus, the extent score, an index of active progressive disease, is an
      independent predictor of mortality and cardiac events in patients with coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 3376884
TI  - Effect of conduction defects on the signal-averaged electrocardiographic
      determination of late potentials.
AB  - To determine the effect of cardiac conduction defects on the signal-averaged
      electrocardiogram (ECG) and on its ability to noninvasively identify patients
      predisposed to ventricular tachycardia (VT), standard 12-lead ECGs and signal
      averaged ECGs were obtained in 213 patients with normal conduction and 186
      patients with various conduction defects. Sustained VT was induced by programmed
      stimulation or occurred spontaneously in 122 patients. Two-way analysis of
      variance showed that conduction defects and VT were associated with changes in 3
      signal-averaged ECG parameters: duration of the filtered QRS, duration of the
      terminal QRS under 40 microV and the mean amplitude of the terminal 40 ms of the
      QRS. Stepwise multiple logistic regression identified 3 variables that
      distinguished the patient with VT with a sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 63%
      and a positive predictive accuracy of 63%. These 3 variables, listed in order of
      importance, were conduction defect score, duration of the filtered QRS and mean
      amplitude of the terminal 40 ms of the QRS. These data indicate that conduction
      defects have systematic effects on signal-averaged ECG parameters independent of
      those seen in patients predisposed to VT. These effects mandate the adjustment of
      the definitions of late potentials in the presence of conduction defects.

PMID- 3376885
TI  - Value of the signal-averaged electrocardiogram as a predictor of the results of
      programmed stimulation in nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - A prospective assessment of several clinical variables, left ventricular function
      indexes, Holter recording characteristics and signal-averaged electrocardiogram
      (ECG) for their value in predicting the inducibility of sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias was carried out in a consecutive series of 105 patients with
      nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). The patients were divided into 3
      groups based on the results of programmed electrical stimulation: group 1, 22
      patients with induced sustained monomorphic VT; group 2, 14 patients with induced
      ventricular fibrillation (VF) and group 3, 69 patients with no induced sustained
      VT/VF. Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.40, history of
      syncope/presyncope and abnormal signal-averaged ECG were significantly more
      common in group 1 than in group 3. No significant difference was found between
      groups 2 and 3. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of the
      signal-averaged ECG for the induction of sustained monomorphic VT were 64, 89 and
      84%, respectively. Using stepwise discriminant function analysis, the signal
      averaged ECG was found to be the single most accurate screening test to predict
      the inducibility of sustained VT in patients with nonsustained VT and its value
      was independent of the etiology of heart disease and the length of spontaneous
      runs. Because of the very high specificity and negative predictive accuracy,
      patients with normal signal-averaged ECGs may not require invasive evaluation.

PMID- 3376886
TI  - Electrocardiographic criteria for ventricular tachycardia in wide complex left
      bundle branch block morphology tachycardias.
AB  - Four electrocardiographic criteria for ventricular tachycardia (VT) were proposed
      and evaluated. These included (1) an R wave in V1 or V2 of greater than 30-ms
      duration; (2) any Q wave in V6; (3) a duration of greater than 60 ms from the
      onset of the QRS to the nadir of the S wave in V1 or V2 and (4) notching on the
      downstroke of the S wave in V1 or V2. The data showed that all 4 criteria had
      high predictive accuracy (96 to 100%) and specificity (94 to 100%). The
      relatively low sensitivities of the 4 criteria alone (30 to 64%) might limit
      their efficacy. Grouped criteria, however, could differentiate VT from
      supraventricular tachycardias with high sensitivity, specificity and predictive
      accuracy. The amount of tracings having either electrocardiographic criteria (1)
      or (2) or (3) or (4) was determined. The proposed combined criteria had a
      sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 89% and a predictive accuracy of 96%. Left
      axis deviation alone was of no value in distinguishing VT from supraventricular
      tachycardia. Characteristic patterns were present for left bundle branch block
      pattern VT associated with anterior and inferior myocardial infarction. In
      conclusion, the 12-lead electrocardiogram alone, when systematically analyzed,
      can be used to accurately diagnose the origin of wide complex tachycardias with
      left bundle branch block pattern. Attention to these criteria may lead to more
      rapid and effective therapy.

PMID- 3376887
TI  - Immediate quantitation of antiarrhythmic drug effect by monophasic action
      potential recording in coronary artery disease.
AB  - A contact electrode catheter, which permits clinical recording of cardiac
      monophasic action potentials (MAPs), was used as a means of quantifying the
      electrophysiologic effect of 2 antiarrhythmic drugs, procainamide and quinidine.
      MAP recordings were made in continuous fashion from the right ventricle in 16
      patients, before and after the intravenous administration of procainamide (11
      patients) or quinidine (5). Increases in the MAP duration at 90% repolarization
      (MAPD90) were used as indexes of drug effect and related to plasma drug level.
      Surface electrocardiographic (QRS duration, corrected QT interval [QTC]) and
      electrophysiologic (ventricular effective refractory period) measurements, in
      addition to MAPD90, were made at the same time as blood sampling for plasma drug
      level determination. Dose response curves, plotting change in MAPD90 versus
      plasma drug level, showed strong linear correlation for both procainamide (p less
      than 0.0001) and quinidine (p less than 0.0001). The variance (error of
      estimation) of the predictive relation, change in MAPD90 versus plasma drug
      level, was significantly lower than that of change in QTC (p less than 0.001),
      QRS duration (p less than 0.0001) or ventricular effective refractory period (p
      less than 0.0001) versus plasma drug level for both procainamide and quinidine.
      Changes in MAP duration closely correlate with plasma drug level, and as such,
      may serve as an immediate, quantitative indicator of myocardial drug effect
      during the administration of antiarrhythmic agents.

PMID- 3376888
TI  - Comparison of blood pressure response to exogenous epinephrine in hypertensive
      men and women.
AB  - This study investigated possible differences between hypertensive men and
      hypertensive women concerning the hemodynamic effects of incremental doses of
      exogenous epinephrine. The study population comprised 38 men (37 +/- 10 years)
      (standard deviation) and 25 women (33 +/- 9 years) with mild essential
      hypertension (mean blood pressure 147/90 and 147/93 mm Hg, respectively). Body
      mass index was slightly higher in men (25 +/- 3 kg/m2) than in women (23 +/- 2
      kg/m2). Both groups received an intravenous infusion with epinephrine of 15 and
      30 ng/kg/min for 8 minutes each. Despite the similar doses of epinephrine infused
      in both groups, the increase of venous plasma epinephrine in men was nearly twice
      that in women (1.04 +/- 0.09 vs 0.67 +/- 0.09 nmol/liter, p less than 0.01),
      suggesting that women cleared the infused epinephrine more efficiently than men.
      At the highest infusion dose, the increase of systolic blood pressure was larger
      in men than in women (5.3 +/- 1.2 vs 1.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.05).
      Conversely, the decrease of diastolic blood pressure was also larger in men than
      in women (-8.8 +/- 1.0 vs -5.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). The heart rate
      increased to the same extent in both groups (11.5 +/- 0.8 and 13.7 +/- 1.2
      beats/min). If the blood pressure responses were corrected for the increase of
      plasma epinephrine, the difference between men and women disappeared.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376889
TI  - Assessment of autonomic regulation in chronic congestive heart failure by heart
      rate spectral analysis.
AB  - Neurohumoral modulation of cardiovascular function is an important component of
      the hemodynamic alterations in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
      (CHF). Analysis of heart rate (HR) variability is a noninvasive means of
      investigating the autonomic control of the heart. The variability of HR and
      respiratory signals, both derived from ambulatory electrocardiographic
      recordings, were analyzed with power spectral analysis to evaluate autonomic
      control in 25 patients with chronic stable CHF (class III or IV) and 21 normal
      control subjects. In the patients with CHF, HR spectral power was markedly
      reduced (p less than 0.0001) at all frequencies examined (0.01 to 1.0 Hz, period
      1 to 100 seconds) and virtually absent at frequencies greater than 0.04 Hz. Heart
      rate fluctuations at very low frequencies (0.01 to 0.04 Hz) less effectively
      differentiated CHF patients from control subjects, due to discrete (about 65
      seconds, 0.015 Hz) oscillation in HR, which was associated with a similar pattern
      in respiratory activity in many of the patients with CHF. These findings
      demonstrate a marked derangement of HR modulation in patients with severe CHF.
      The frequency characteristics of HR fluctuations in these patients are consistent
      with abnormal baroreflex responsiveness to physiologic stimuli, and suggest that
      there is diminished vagal, but relatively preserved sympathetic, modulation of
      HR.

PMID- 3376890
TI  - Usefulness of noninvasive assessment of aortic stenosis before and after
      percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty.
AB  - Noninvasive and catheterization studies were performed in 40 patients (mean age
      76 +/- 12 years) before and after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty. Measurements
      included time to 1/2 carotid upstroke, left ventricular ejection time, aortic
      valve excursion, mean aortic valve gradient and aortic valve area assessed using
      the continuity equation: aortic valve area = A X V/V1, where A = left ventricular
      outflow tract area, V = maximal left ventricular outflow tract velocity assessed
      by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and V1 = peak velocity in the aortic stenotic
      jet assessed using continuous-wave echocardiography. In addition, mitral
      regurgitation was assessed by pulsed Doppler mapping techniques. Mean aortic
      valve gradient, cardiac output and aortic valve area, calculated using the Gorlin
      formula, were determined at cardiac catheterization. There were significant
      correlations between Doppler and catheterization measurements of aortic valve
      area both before (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) and after (r = 0.85, p less than
      0.0001) valvuloplasty. The relations were demonstrated to be linear by F test and
      met criteria for identity. There were significant increases (all p less than
      0.0005) after valvuloplasty in catheterization valve area (0.60 +/- 0.21 to 0.95
      +/- 0.39 cm2), Doppler valve area (0.64 +/- 0.22 to 0.91 +/- 0.37 cm2), valve
      excursion (0.5 +/- 0.3 to 0.8 +/- 0.3 cm) and cardiac output (4.5 +/- 1.6 to 4.9
      +/- 1.7 liter/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376891
TI  - Provocation and amplification of the transvalvular pressure gradient in rheumatic
      tricuspid stenosis.
AB  - A low cardiac output and high compliance of the systemic venous system may mask a
      resting tricuspid diastolic gradient in patients with significant rheumatic
      tricuspid stenosis. Thirty-three patients (mean age 28 +/- 10 years) with
      rheumatic tricuspid stenosis evidenced by 2-dimensional echocardiography (doming
      and restricted motion of all 3 tricuspid valve leaflets) were studied to expose
      occult and to amplify borderline and basal tricuspid valve gradients. At cardiac
      catheterization, the right atrium and right ventricular pressures were recorded
      simultaneously in the basal state, after intravenous infusion of 200, 400, 500,
      700 or 1,000 ml of normal saline until a mean right atrial pressure of 12 mm Hg
      was achieved, and after 0.6 mg of intravenous atropine. Eleven patients (33%) had
      a mean tricuspid diastolic gradient of greater than 2 mm Hg at rest (group 1).
      After 483 +/- 240 ml of saline infusion, the mean tricuspid diastolic gradient
      increased from 5 +/- 2 to 9 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), secondary to a
      marked rise in right atrial pressure from 8 +/- 3 to 12 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than
      0.001). Concomitantly, there was no increase in right ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure, although the heart rate increased from 76 +/- 13 to 79 +/- 12 beats/min
      (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376892
TI  - Relation of left ventricular function and Na,K-pump concentration in suspected
      idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The possible relation between Na-K-pump concentration and left ventricular (LV)
      function was studied in 24 patients with suspected idiopathic dilated
      cardiomyopathy. This was done by measurement of 3H-ouabain binding to biopsies
      obtained during left-sided heart catheterization. In all patients light
      microscopy of biopsies was compatilel with dilated cardiomyopathy. Nineteen
      patients had impaired LV function as defined by NYHA/WHO and a Na,K-pump
      concentration of 331 +/- 19 pmol/g wet weight, whereas 5 patients had normal LV
      function and a Na,K-pump concentration of 559 +/- 62 pmol/g wet weight (p less
      than 0.001). The correlation between Na,K-pump concentration and ejection
      fraction was highly significant n = 24, r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). There was
      no correlation between volume fraction of collagen tissue and Na,K-pump
      concentration in the biopsies (n = 24, r = -0.08, p less than 0.80), indicating
      that the decrease in Na,K-pump concentration with dilated cardiomyopathy is not
      the simple outcome of increased fibrosis in the myocardium. The results indicate
      that the decrease in Na,K-pump concentration may be of importance for myocardial
      dysfunction and suggest a simple biochemical assessment of dilated cardiomyopathy
      by measurement of 3H-ouabain binding.

PMID- 3376893
TI  - Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with echocardiography and radionuclide
      angiography in assessing cardiac function and anatomy following Mustard's
      operation for transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - The Mustard operation in infancy and childhood has successfully palliated many
      patients with transposition of the great arteries who have now survived to
      adulthood. Right ventricular dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation are
      important determinants of late morbidity and mortality. The value of noninvasive
      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of cardiac function and
      anatomy 9 to 20 years after this procedure has been investigated, and compared
      with findings on echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and angiography
      in 17 adult patients. Ejection fractions measured by MRI were higher compared
      with radionuclide ventriculography. The correlation for the left ventricle was
      closer (r = 0.75) than for the right ventricle (r = 0.49). Tricuspid
      regurgitation was assessed by Doppler echocardiography and by MRI using the
      right/left ventricular stroke volume ratio. The mean stroke volume ratio in those
      with Doppler evidence of tricuspid regurgitation was 1.6:1 compared to 1.1:1 in
      those without, and this difference reached significance (p less than 0.01). The
      anatomy of the great arteries was clearly visible in all patients. Five patients
      had a residual ventricular septal defect which, with the exception of 1 small
      defect, was easily visualized. The intraatrial baffle was best seen in transverse
      slices, and the systemic venous connection showed as a relatively narrow channel
      lying in the posterior part of the cavity. In general, baffle anatomy was easier
      to assess on 2-dimensional echocardiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3376894
TI  - Left ventricular performance determined by ambulatory monitoring of systolic time
      intervals during daily activities in the late hospital phase of acute myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 3376895
TI  - Usefulness of echocardiographic abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction,
      paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and complex ventricular arrhythmias in
      predicting new coronary events in patients over 62 years of age.

PMID- 3376896
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic assessment of atrial filling fraction in severe mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 3376897
TI  - Cardiac tumors associated with hereditary syndromes.

PMID- 3376898
TI  - Effects of spontaneous respiration on diastolic left ventricular filling assessed
      by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

PMID- 3376899
TI  - Angiographic demonstration of spasm in a left internal mammary artery used as a
      bypass to the left anterior descending coronary artery.

PMID- 3376900
TI  - Morte d'amour with subsequent electrophysiologic studies.

PMID- 3376901
TI  - Zinc supplementation and plasma concentration of vitamin A in preterm infants.
AB  - To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on plasma retinol levels, 24 preterm
      infants were randomly assigned to receive 400 micrograms.kg-1.d-1 of intravenous
      Zn or no Zn supplementation. Intakes of protein, energy, and vitamin A were
      similar for both groups as were day 0 plasma concentrations of retinol, retinol
      binding protein (RBP), and Zn. Zn concentrations were not significantly different
      between groups at any time during the 3-wk study; however, retinol values in wk 1
      increased more in the supplemented group (delta = 10.0 vs 0.9 micrograms/dL, or
      0.35 vs 0.031 mumol/L; p less than 0.005). RBP appeared to increase more in the
      supplemented group but did not reach statistical significance. We hypothesize
      that the increase in plasma retinol levels noted in the preterm infants receiving
      Zn supplementation may be mediated by an increased production of RBP in the liver
      that in turn enhances the hepatic release of retinol.

PMID- 3376903
TI  - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. VIII. Effects in early
      adolescence.
AB  - Arrested adolescent growth and sexual maturation are striking symptoms of severe
      dietary zinc deprivation. More general implications of mild or marginal Zn
      deficiency during adolescence are not known. Five marginally Zn-deprived (ZD)
      male monkeys (4 mg Zn/kg diet) were compared with five controls pair fed a diet
      containing 100 mg Zn/kg during early adolescence. Mean plasma Zn levels were 38%
      lower in ZD group than in controls when evaluations began. During rapid growth
      plasma Zn decreased in controls but not ZD animals. ZD animals had delayed onset
      of accelerated weight gain and linear growth; loss of subcutaneous fat typical of
      early adolescence did not occur. ZD monkeys required two to three times more
      trials for both learning and reversal a visual discrimination task. Immune
      function was depressed 20-30% as reflected in early reduced proliferative
      response of peripheral lymphocytes and later lower immunoglobulin levels.
      Marginal dietary Zn deprivation affects growth and function in adolescence
      without producing frank developmental retardation.

PMID- 3376902
TI  - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. III. Use of liver biopsy
      in the assessment of zinc status.
AB  - Studies of marginal zinc deficiency in rhesus monkeys have demonstrated that
      plasma Zn levels are often a poor indication of Zn status. To better assess the
      Zn status of these animals, we examined their liver concentration of Zn as well
      as of other minerals, metallothionein (MT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Liver
      wedge biopsies were obtained from adult rhesus monkeys fed for 15 mo, either a
      control (100 micrograms Zn/g) or a marginally Zn deficient diet (4 micrograms/g;
      ZD). Liver Zn and MT concentrations were lower in ZD monkeys than in controls
      whereas iron concentration was higher in ZD monkeys than in controls. Liver
      copper, manganese, and magnesium concentrations and activities of CuZnSOD and
      MnSOD were similar in the two groups. Data from the groups were pooled for
      regression analysis. Measurement of liver Zn and MT concentrations are useful in
      the assessment of the effects of long-term Zn deprivation in primates.

PMID- 3376904
TI  - Trends in coronary heart disease mortality and food consumption in the United
      States between 1909 and 1980.
AB  - This study is an ecological comparison of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality
      trends and trends in food consumption in the United States population between
      1909 and 1980. CHD mortality data were obtained from published vital statistics.
      National food disappearance data, compiled regularly by the US Department of
      Agriculture (USDA), were the primary source of dietary information used. Food
      balance sheets and USDA household survey data were used for corroborative
      purposes. Dietary data were analyzed to observe trends in the per capita
      consumption of calories and fat; to determine the contribution of major food
      groups to both calories and fat; and to determine the effect of substitutions
      within those food groups on consumption of calories and fat. Dietary
      substitutions towards less-saturated fatty acids support the hypothesized
      relationship between dietary fat and CHD. These changes preceded CHD mortality
      changes by 10-20 y.

PMID- 3376905
TI  - Glycemic responses in children.

PMID- 3376906
TI  - Body composition methods.

PMID- 3376907
TI  - Supplementation with vitamin E.

PMID- 3376908
TI  - Arm muscle plus bone area: anthropometry and CAT scan compared.
AB  - Arm muscle plus bone (M + B) cross-sectional area of the arm estimated from area
      circumference and skinfold thickness was compared with that estimated from CAT
      scans. The anthropometric technique overestimated M + B area, and the degree of
      overestimation varied directly with arm adiposity.

PMID- 3376909
TI  - Resting metabolic rate and body composition of healthy Swedish women during
      pregnancy.
AB  - Body weight, resting metabolic rate (RMR), total body potassium (TBK), and total
      body water were measured and total body fat (TBF) was calculated in a
      longitudinal study of 22 pregnant, healthy Swedish women. Measurements were made
      before pregnancy, at gestational weeks 16-18, 30, and 36, and 5-10 d and 6 mo
      postpartum. RMR increased more during pregnancy than previous estimates on well
      nourished women showed and the increase was significantly correlated with the
      birth weight of the baby. TBK decreased during the first part of pregnancy;
      measurements at weeks 16-18 and 30 were significantly lower than the prepregnancy
      value and changes in TBK and RMR were significantly correlated. TBF gain during
      pregnancy was 5.8 +/- 4.0 kg and 60% was already gained by gestational weeks 16
      18. Gain in fat was not correlated with birth weight.

PMID- 3376910
TI  - Fatty acid composition of mature human milk in Germany.
AB  - An improved gas-chromatographic method with high resolution, sensitivity, and
      precision was used for analyzing the fatty acid composition of human milk lipids.
      In 24-h collections of mature hindmilk of 15 German women, 42 different fatty
      acids could be separated and quantified. Among the saturated fatty acids (median
      sum 42.76%, wt/wt), six odd-chain fatty acids accounted for 1.16%. Cis
      monounsaturated acids represented 37.98%. Trans fatty acids, which may have
      untoward effects on the recipient infant, contributed 4.40% with seven isomers.
      The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fraction (13.82%) included 10 long-chain
      PUFAs (LCPs; 1.66%). The content of the physiologically important LCPs in milk
      lipids did not correlate with their parent fatty acids (ie, linoleic and alpha
      linolenic acids) but there was a significant correlation between the sum of omega
      3 and omega-6 LCPs suggesting interindividual differences in the capacity for
      secretion of milk-lipid LCPs between mothers.

PMID- 3376911
TI  - Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for reducing raised
      levels of plasma cholesterol in man.
AB  - To compare monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for actions on lipid and
      lipoprotein levels from solid-food diets, 10 men were studied on three diets. One
      diet was high in saturated fatty acids and very high in cholesterol (High Sat +
      Chol), a second was high in monounsaturates but low in cholesterol (High Mono),
      and a third was low in fat, high in carbohydrates, and low in cholesterol (Low
      Fat). All diets were consumed for 6 wk. Compared with the High Sat + Chol diet,
      the High Mono and Low Fat diets significantly and similarly reduced plasma
      cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. In contrast, the Low Fat diet significantly
      lowered HDL cholesterol whereas the High Mono diet did not. Therefore, a solid
      food diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids is equivalent to a low-fat, high
      carbohydrate diet for cholesterol lowering but does not reduce the HDL
      cholesterol level.

PMID- 3376912
TI  - Effect on blood pressure of two diets differing in total fat but not in saturated
      and polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy volunteers.
AB  - The effects of a low-fat, carbohydrate-rich and a high-fat, olive-oil-rich diet
      on blood pressure were studied under strict dietary control. Forty-seven healthy
      normotensive men and women were fed a diet high in saturated fatty acids (20 en%)
      and total fat (38 en%) for 17 d. Twenty-four subjects then received a low-fat,
      carbohydrate-rich diet (total fat 22 en%) and the other 23 a high-fat, olive-oil
      rich diet (oleic acid 24 en%, total fat 41 en%) for 36 d. Both test diets had the
      same level of saturated fatty acids (7-10 en%) and linoleic acid (4 en%).
      Systolic blood pressure fell by 2.3 and diastolic by 4.7 mm Hg in the
      carbohydrate group and by 2.7 and 4.4 mm Hg in the olive-oil group, respectively
      (differences between diets groups not significant). These results suggest that a
      high-fat diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids has no deleterious effect on
      blood pressure in healthy normotensive subjects in comparison with a low-fat,
      carbohydrate-rich diet.

PMID- 3376913
TI  - Relative importance of calorie intake needed to gain weight and level of physical
      activity in anorexia nervosa.
AB  - We assessed whether level of physical activity of anorexia nervosa patients could
      influence caloric consumption needed to gain weight during hospitalization.
      Seventy-three percent of patients with anorexia nervosa had higher levels of
      motor activity than did healthy female volunteers. Anorectics required 8301 +/-
      2272 kcal (mean +/- SD) to gain 1 kg body wt. Activity levels and caloric
      consumption needed to gain 1 kg were significantly correlated; the most active
      patients needed to consume more calories to gain weight. A median split of
      anorectic patients by level of activity showed that the group with lower activity
      levels gained 1 kg every 5.1 +/- 1.2 d, whereas the group with higher activity
      levels gained 1 kg every 7.2 +/- 1.9 d. These data suggest that the rate of
      weight gain can be accelerated, and the cost of hospitalization decreased, by
      restricting exercise in anorectics during refeeding.

PMID- 3376914
TI  - Dietary fat:carbohydrate ratio and obesity in middle-aged men.
AB  - Nutrient intakes from 7-d diet records were compared with hydrostatically
      determined body composition in 155 sedentary obese men aged 30-59 y. Percent body
      fats ranged from 18.6 to 40.3. The men ate (mean +/- SD) 2570 +/- 514 kcal/d:
      15.6 +/- 2.6% from protein, 40.7 +/- 5.7% from fat, 37.5 +/- 6.9% from
      carbohydrate, and 6.2 +/- 6.0% from alcohol. Percent body fat correlated
      positively (p less than 0.05) with g/1000 kcal intake of total, saturated, and
      monounsaturated fatty acids and negatively with carbohydrates and plant protein.
      Total calories, number of meals, and distribution of calories were unrelated to
      percent body fat, total weight, or fat-free mass. The higher proportion of fat
      and carbohydrate in the diet may contribute to obesity in men. The modest caloric
      intake of these men and the lack of correlation between percent body fat and
      total calories suggest that calorie differences are not the major cause of the
      variations in obesity in these men.

PMID- 3376916
TI  - Ambulatory esophageal pH recording in gastroesophageal reflux: relevance to the
      development of esophagitis.
AB  - In a group of 60 patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER), we
      carried out upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and 24-h ambulatory esophageal
      pH monitoring to assess the relationship between acid reflux and esophagitis. The
      results of 24-h pH measurement were compared with those of 15 asymptomatic
      control subjects who were studied with ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring
      only. Thirty-two patients (53.3%) had a normal esophagus macroscopically, and 28
      patients (46.7%) had some degree of esophagitis. There was no significant
      difference between the two groups with and without esophagitis, regarding
      male:female ratio, age, and duration of symptoms. The group with esophagitis was
      more symptomatic (p less than 0.001) than the group without, and differed
      significantly in relation to all pH variables, i.e., number of GER episodes per
      hour, duration of mucosal exposure to acid (pH less than 4), and number of GER
      episodes requiring more than 5 min to clear per hour for the upright, supine, and
      24-h periods, compared with the control group (p less than 0.001) and the group
      without esophagitis (p less than 0.001). In the group with esophagitis,
      comparison of the above pH variables in the upright and supine periods showed
      significantly higher values in the upright than in the supine period for the
      total number of reflux episodes per hour (p less than 0.001) and the number of
      episodes greater than 5 min/h (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the presence
      of esophagitis is related to both frequency and duration of GER episodes. Our
      findings also stress the importance of daytime acid exposure in the pathogenesis
      of esophagitis.

PMID- 3376915
TI  - The changing faces of the nutcracker esophagus.
AB  - Although the nutcracker esophagus, characterized by high amplitude peristaltic
      contractions with mean distal amplitude greater than 180 mm Hg, is the most
      common esophageal motility disorder associated with noncardiac chest pain, little
      is known about its natural history. Therefore, we reviewed the manometric
      tracings of 23 patients with the nutcracker esophagus who had an average of 4.6
      studies during a mean period of 32 months. Ten age-matched volunteers with normal
      baseline manometry who had undergone multiple studies (mean 5.8) over a mean time
      span of 32 months served as controls. In the 17 nutcracker patients with three or
      more motility studies, the variability of mean distal amplitudes between studies
      was 41.9% +/- 4.1 (+/- SE) compared to 27.0% +/- 3.3 for the control subjects (p
      less than 0.01). Highest distal pressures were noted during the first study in 11
      of 17 patients (65%) compared to two of 10 controls (20%). The consistency of the
      diagnosis of nutcracker esophagus varied considerably: four patients always had
      high amplitude pressures, three patients only had the nutcracker diagnosis on the
      initial study, and 10 patients intermittently had pressures in the nutcracker
      range. Overall, these 17 patients had the diagnosis of the nutcracker esophagus
      confirmed on only 54% of subsequent studies. Changes in motility patterns were
      intermittently seen in six of 23 patients: one diffuse spasm and five nonspecific
      motility disorders. None of the control subjects developed high amplitude
      contractions or changed their motility pattern on serial testing. The possible
      pathophysiological implications of the changing faces of the nutcracker esophagus
      are discussed.

PMID- 3376917
TI  - Chocolate and heartburn: evidence of increased esophageal acid exposure after
      chocolate ingestion.
AB  - Chocolate has been shown to decrease mean basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
      pressure, providing a rationale for the pathogenesis of chocolate-induced reflux
      symptoms. We assessed the relationship between chocolate ingestion and increased
      esophageal acid exposure using intraesophageal pH monitoring. Compared with
      ingestion of a dextrose control solution of similar volume, osmolality, and
      calories, postprandial ingestion of chocolate resulted in a significant increase
      in acid exposure in the first postprandial hour in patients with esophagitis. We
      conclude that this finding supports recommendations that patients with reflux
      esophagitis abstain from chocolate.

PMID- 3376918
TI  - The influence of age on esophageal acid defense mechanisms and spontaneous acid
      gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Association of age with gastroesophageal pH and motor parameters have been
      searched for previously, but most studies have been cross-sectional. The aim of
      the present investigation was to evaluate the influence of age on
      gastroesophageal sphincter pressure, acid clearing ability, and acid
      gastroesophageal reflux in the same group of normal subjects. Ten healthy
      subjects were investigated in the period May 4, 1977, to February 18, 1978, and
      reinvestigated in the period August 19, 1985, to January 29, 1986. The median
      interval between the two investigations was 8.0 yr, range 7.7-8.5 yr. There were
      eight men and two women, with a median age at the second investigation of 36 yr,
      range 30-53 yr. Measurement of gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) and an
      acid perfusion test were performed, and within the same week, an acid-clearing
      test and a prolonged monitoring of pH in the distal part of the esophagus were
      carried out (5 cm proximally to the GES). pH monitoring was initiated between 7
      and 8 PM and terminated between 7 and 8 AM. There were no changes in GESP between
      the two investigations. All had a normal acid perfusion test in both
      investigations. No changes in acid-clearing ability could be demonstrated.
      Similarly, the number of reflux episodes, as well as the duration of acid reflux,
      were unchanged. Integration of the pH curve for pH values less than or equal to 4
      gave similar results at both occasions. In addition, the relative time with pH
      values less than or equal to 4 was unchanged. The acidity of the potential reflux
      material did not change over time, as evaluated by intragastric pH before and
      after monitoring. In conclusion, this study did not demonstrate any influence of
      age on esophageal acid defense mechanisms or spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 3376919
TI  - Chewing gum is as effective as food in stimulating cephalic phase gastric
      secretion.
AB  - Modified sham feeding-stimulated gastric secretion is a recognized means of
      testing vagal integrity. The chew-and-spit technique is esthetically distasteful
      and difficult to perform without some of the food being swallowed. Simple chewing
      of an inert substance does not stimulate acid secretion. We thus tested to
      determine whether chewing gum, a potent cholinergic stimulant of salivary
      secretion, also stimulates the stomach. We compared the gastric acid output
      stimulated by the chew-and-spit method, using a cheeseburger chewed for 15 min,
      with gastric acid output stimulated by chewing seven sticks of chewing gum over
      15 min, in 12 patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Acid output stimulated by
      chewing gum was 36% +/- 5%, and by cheeseburger was 39% +/- 6% of pentagastrin
      maximum acid output (r = 0.97). We conclude that chewing gum is a simple, cheap,
      convenient method for testing vagally mediated gastric acid secretion.

PMID- 3376920
TI  - Facing up to the evanescent nutcracker.

PMID- 3376921
TI  - Computer storage of gastrointestinal procedures.

PMID- 3376922
TI  - Noninvasive carcinoma of the gallbladder arising in localized type
      adenomyomatosis.
AB  - We report a case of noninvasive carcinoma of the gallbladder arising in the
      surface mucosa of localized type adenomyomatosis. It was first detected as a
      polypoid lesion during routine examination with ultrasonography. The gross
      appearance of the resected specimen showed localized type adenomyomatosis with
      multiple cysts containing mucin at the fundus of the gallbladder. Microscopic
      study revealed noninvasive carcinoma in its surface mucosa associated with
      papillary adenoma in the cyst wall. The occurrence of carcinoma in
      adenomyomatosis is very rare, and only a few cases have been reported in the
      literature. Although it has been generally accepted that there is no fear of
      malignant transformation of adenomyomatosis, the present case suggested that it
      might be a possible candidate for carcinoma.

PMID- 3376923
TI  - Fulminant Wilsonian hepatitis: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - We present herein the case of a 16-yr-old girl with fulminant Wilsonian
      hepatitis. Complications included renal tubular damage, hemolysis, marked
      hypocomplementemia and hypergammaglobulinemia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,
      and Candida sepsis. The difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3376924
TI  - Busulfan-induced hepatitis.
AB  - A 61-yr-old man with chronic myelocytic leukemia treated continuously for 8 yr
      with busulfan presented with fever, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes in
      a cholestatic pattern. Evaluation of his liver and biliary tract with ultrasound
      and computerized tomography disclosed no structural abnormality. A percutaneous
      needle liver biopsy revealed cellular cholestasis with focal liver cell necrosis
      accompanied by a mild inflammatory infiltrate. Busulfan was discontinued, with
      subsequent normalization of liver enzymes and resolution of fever. These findings
      are interpreted as being compatible with busulfan-induced hepatitis.

PMID- 3376925
TI  - Cholesteryl ester storage disease: a patient with massive splenomegaly and
      splenic abscess.
AB  - Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder
      characterized by functional deficiency of acid lipase activity, classically
      features hepatomegaly in conjunction with lipid-laden macrophages containing
      excessive quantities of cholesteryl esters. We present a patient whose clinical
      course was complicated by massive, symptomatic splenomegaly, and an unsuspected
      splenic abscess. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging are
      correlated. Histologic, electron microscopic, and biochemical features are
      presented. To our knowledge, this is the first report of splenic abscess in CESD.

PMID- 3376926
TI  - "Bypass arthritis" after gastroileostomy.
AB  - We describe a patient who underwent inadvertent gastroileostomy, and subsequently
      developed malabsorption, granulomatous hepatitis, arthritis, and reactivation of
      tuberculosis accompanied by circulating immune complexes and lowered C1q.
      Surgical correction resulted in marked improvement, with disappearance of
      arthritis, return to normal of complement levels, and absence of demonstrable
      circulating immune complexes. Arthritis has not been documented in the spectrum
      of abnormalities described after gastroileostomy.

PMID- 3376927
TI  - Burkitt's lymphoma in an old patient with diarrhea: ileoscopic diagnosis.
AB  - A 61-yr-old man with Burkitt's lymphoma who presented with 6 months of diarrhea
      was found, at ileoscopy, to have inflammation of the mucosal narrow lumen, deep
      linear ulcerations, and a "cobblestone" appearance of the terminal ileum.
      Endoscopic biopsies were diagnostic of Burkitt's lymphoma, and no laparotomy was
      necessary. Presentation with diarrhea and the age of the patient were unusual,
      and the endoscopic features and diagnosis of the disease in the terminal ileum
      made by ileoscopy have not been previously reported.

PMID- 3376929
TI  - Ethanol-cimetidine interaction.

PMID- 3376928
TI  - Effective treatment for adenocarcinoma of the stomach when surgery is
      contraindicated.

PMID- 3376930
TI  - Intraperitoneal flucytosine in the management of fungal peritonitis in patients
      on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Five episodes of fungal peritonitis were treated by intraperitoneal instillation
      of 5-flucytosine (5-Fc) while the patients remained on their usual schedule of
      dialysis. Therapeutic, nontoxic dialysate and serum concentrations of 5-Fc were
      achieved. Although some patients transiently responded with improved symptoms, a
      drop in their dialysate WBC count and negative cultures, all patients required
      removal of their dialysis catheters for cure. It is concluded that
      intraperitoneal (IP) 5-Fc, as used in this study, is not efficacious in the
      treatment of fungal peritonitis.

PMID- 3376931
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome in dialysis patients: comparison between continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis populations.
AB  - Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) has been reported with increased frequency in
      hemodialysis (HD) patients. A comparative study of patients on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has not been previously reported. To
      delineate the significance of dialytic modality and access-related risk factors,
      this study investigated the incidence and patient characteristics of CTS in CAPD
      v HD populations. One hundred and fifty one patients (HD n = 90, CAPD n = 61)
      were evaluated by questionnaire, physical examination, and nerve conduction
      studies. Age, gender, renal diagnosis, access, diabetic history, and duration of
      dialysis were determined. Eight of 57 CAPD and 15/83 HD patients had CTS. chi 2
      testing revealed no significant difference in incidence (P = 0.7). It is
      concluded that CTS occurs with similar incidence in CAPD and HD populations.
      Dialytic modality and access are not likely to be factors in the development of
      CTS. Rather, CTS is a metabolic complication of end-stage renal failure.

PMID- 3376932
TI  - Development of anti-N-like antibodies during formaldehyde reuse in spite of
      adequate predialysis rinsing.
AB  - The development of anti-N-like antibodies has been demonstrated with formaldehyde
      reuse of hemodialyzers. It has been recommended to pursue a postrinsing venous
      effluent formaldehyde concentration in the range of or below 2 to 10 ppm, in
      order to prevent the development of these anti-N-like antibodies. In the present
      study, we evaluated formaldehyde reuse in a population of 50 patients and whether
      the strict control of predialysis effluent formaldehyde concentration below 2 to
      3 ppm could prevent the development of anti-N-like antibodies. Five of 50
      patients (10%) became positive 6 to 14 months after the start of formaldehyde
      reuse, indicating that even a careful control of effluent formaldehyde
      concentration cannot prevent the occurrence of this abnormality.

PMID- 3376933
TI  - Phosphate restriction reduces proteinuria of the uninephrectomized, diabetic rat.
AB  - Proteinuria is the clinical hallmark of diabetic nephropathy and the harbinger of
      progressive renal disease. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine
      the effect of phosphate restriction on the proteinuria of streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes mellitus in the rat. Uninephrectomy was performed in experimental and
      control groups to worsen the degree of diabetic nephropathy. Proteinuria was
      prevented in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the intestinal phosphate binder,
      dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (DHAAA) (24.75 +/- 20.35 mg/d at 3 months v
      control, 77.45 +/- 44.72 mg/d, P less than 0.001); an effect that was independent
      of protein and caloric intake, plasma albumin and lipids, severity of diabetes,
      mean arterial pressures, cardiac output, and renal calcium accumulation. The
      effect of DHAAA on protein excretion and glomerular hemodynamics was examined in
      similarly prepared Munich-Wistar rats; these rats did not tolerate long-term
      studies. Three weeks of DHAAA again caused a consistent fall in proteinuria (5.98
      +/- 7.28 v 34.94 +/- 24.28 mg/d) and in transmembrane hydraulic pressure
      difference (41.1 +/- 1.2 v 46.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, P less than 0.005). In conclusion,
      phosphate restriction significantly decreases the proteinuria of Sprague-Dawley
      and Munich-Wistar uninephrectomized rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes
      mellitus. Micropuncture of Munich-Wistar rats suggests that a reduction of
      intraglomerular pressure may be at least partially responsible for such an
      effect.

PMID- 3376934
TI  - Central nervous system and cardiac manifestations of hydrochlorothiazide
      overdosage; treatment with hemodialysis.
AB  - A patient with end-stage renal failure inadvertently received high-dose
      hydrochlorothiazide as treatment for hypertension, resulting in CNS and cardiac
      toxicity. These toxic manifestations were successfully treated with hemodialysis.
      A hydrochlorothiazide dialysance of 62.5 mL/min was demonstrated. The possibility
      of hydrochlorothiazide toxicity should be considered in any patient with renal
      insufficiency who exhibits unexplained arrhythmias or symptoms related to the
      CNS.

PMID- 3376935
TI  - Coccidioidal peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - We report the first three cases of peritonitis due to the fungus Coccidioides
      immitis occurring during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). At the
      time of diagnosis, none of the patients had evidence of active infection outside
      of the peritoneal cavity. Clues suggesting the diagnosis including a previous
      history of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis, an excess number of eosinophils in the
      peritoneal fluid, and failure to respond to therapy directed against bacteria. C
      immitis in peritoneal fluid was more readily isolated on specific fungal culture
      media than on routine bacterial culture media. In no instances did potassium
      hydroxide (KOH) preparations of the fluid reveal fungi. Coccidioidal peritonitis
      during CAPD appears to be a localized form of extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis
      that has a relatively benign course once the peritoneal catheter is removed.

PMID- 3376936
TI  - Inferior vena cava thrombosis due to an indwelling hemodialysis catheter.
AB  - Various indwelling venous catheters have been used in hemodialysis patients after
      failure of traditional angioaccess. Thrombosis of the subclavian vein occurs with
      these cannulae and is usually asymptomatic. Such thromboses rarely cause
      significant pulmonary embolism. We describe a thrombus in the inferior vena cava
      due to an indwelling hemodialysis catheter, a site with potential for fatal
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 3376937
TI  - Renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3376938
TI  - Iron overload in patients on hemodialysis is directly related to the number of
      transfusions.

PMID- 3376939
TI  - The complicated issue of human sex determination.

PMID- 3376940
TI  - Proposed ASHG position on mapping/sequencing the human genome.

PMID- 3376941
TI  - 1987 American Society of Human Genetics Social Issues Committee Report.

PMID- 3376942
TI  - Genetic discrimination: rights and responsibilities of tester and testee: summary
      of a workshop sponsored by the Social Issues Committee, American Society of Human
      Genetics, November 2, 1986.

PMID- 3376943
TI  - Auditory brain-stem responses in the fragile X syndrome.
AB  - Auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) were recorded from a group of 12 mentally
      retarded males with the fragile X (fra[X]). The responses were analyzed in terms
      of ABR thresholds, absolute latencies, and interpeak latencies. One patient had
      increased ABR thresholds, indicating hearing impairment. Five fra(X) subjects had
      prolonged I-V interpeak latencies. Comparisons between the fra(X) group
      (excluding one possible hard-of-hearing subject) and a control group of age
      matched males with normal intelligence showed that the fra(X) group's interpeak
      latencies were significantly prolonged for the III-V and I-V but not for the I
      III. This pattern of prolongation of interpeak latencies suggests that central,
      as opposed to peripheral, nervous-system dysfunction predominates in many
      patients having this syndrome. In addition, frequently observed prolongation of
      the transmission time may indicate that brain-stem white-matter functioning is
      also apt to be involved in this syndrome.

PMID- 3376944
TI  - International standards for occupational exposure to toxic agents.

PMID- 3376945
TI  - Pleural mesotheliomas and asbestos exposure in the pulp and paper industries: a
      new risk group identified by linkage of official registers.
AB  - Analysis of data obtained by linking the 1960 Swedish Census and the Swedish
      Cancer Registry has demonstrated an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma among
      pulp and paper workers. The present study was undertaken with the aim of
      revealing possible environmental risk factors. The work histories of the 25 cases
      identified earlier were reviewed. "Certain" or "probable" exposure to asbestos
      was found among 70% of these workers. The study illustrates how linkage of
      official registers can be used to identify new risk environments and encourage
      the establishment of preventive measures.

PMID- 3376946
TI  - Causes of death among workers in a bearing manufacturing plant.
AB  - Recent studies identify digestive cancer excesses among workers exposed to
      cutting fluids, abrasive dusts, and oil smoke. Standardized proportional
      mortality and mortality odds ratio studies were carried out for a ball bearing
      plant. Cause of death and work histories were obtained for 702 of 768 hourly
      employees with ten or more years' service who died between 1969 and 1982. Union
      and company records were used to define exposure measures. The major findings
      were significant excesses in proportional mortality ratios (PMR) from stomach
      cancer (PMR = 2.0) and rectal cancer (PMR = 3.1) among white men. After control
      for age at death, there was a significant association between stomach cancer and
      precision grinding exposures, consisting primarily of direct contact with water
      based cutting fluids (usually emulsified oils) and their aerosols. Some straight
      oils and synthetic cutting fluids were used as well. The pattern of stomach
      cancer is consistent with previous findings and suggests an association with the
      soluble oil cutting fluids.

PMID- 3376947
TI  - Use of exposure registration in the prevention of occupational cancer in Finland.
AB  - A nationwide system for monitoring occupational exposure to a wide range of
      carcinogens has been in operation in Finland since 1979. The primary aim of the
      system is to lead to the identification, evaluation, and eventual elimination of
      the exposures. The number of exposed workers reported to the register was about
      20,000 out of the work force of 2.3 million in 1979-1984. The most common
      exposures were chromates, nickel and its inorganic compounds, and asbestos. Data
      are presented to show that the system has been at least partially successful in
      decreasing exposures at work places. As an example, we discuss the decrease in
      the use of hydrazine, which was previously widely used as an anticorrosive agent
      at power plants. The statistical quality of the system is discussed, and
      possibilities for future research uses of the computerized data base are
      outlined.

PMID- 3376950
TI  - TLVs--what now?

PMID- 3376949
TI  - Reflections on the problem of reliability in occupational and environmental
      toxicology.

PMID- 3376948
TI  - Identification of an industrial cohort and verification of its completeness using
      a complicated system of plant records.
AB  - The published literature on occupational mortality studies seldom describes the
      manner in which cohorts were assembled and efforts made to ensure that all, or
      nearly all, eligible persons had been enumerated. Researchers must struggle
      unassisted through a morass of plant records, often not knowing how to utilize
      important sources of information to the fullest extent. This paper describes the
      identification of a cohort of over 8,700 foundry workers and the verification of
      its completeness using existing plant data sources. By understanding the
      techniques for manipulating data sources in this investigation, researchers may
      gain insight into the use of materials available to them.

PMID- 3376951
TI  - Corporate influence on threshold limit values by Castleman and Ziem.

PMID- 3376952
TI  - Credibility in the TLV process.

PMID- 3376953
TI  - Time to reconsider TLVs.

PMID- 3376954
TI  - Comments on the article by Castleman and Ziem.

PMID- 3376955
TI  - Corporate influence on threshold limit values.

PMID- 3376956
TI  - TLVs--a personal opinion.

PMID- 3376957
TI  - Standard setting.

PMID- 3376959
TI  - Clinical coordinator positions: their time has come and gone.

PMID- 3376958
TI  - Quis Custodiet ipsos Custodes (Juvenal, 98 A.D.)

PMID- 3376960
TI  - Prescribing and administering privileges for nuclear pharmacists.

PMID- 3376961
TI  - Caution about pharmacy group purchasing.

PMID- 3376962
TI  - The key to job satisfaction--get involved!

PMID- 3376963
TI  - Momentum (behind hospital pharmacy's commitment to self-improvement)

PMID- 3376964
TI  - ASHP national survey of hospital pharmaceutical services--1987.
AB  - The results of a fall 1987 national mail survey of pharmaceutical services in
      short-term hospitals are reported and compared with similar surveys conducted in
      1975, 1978, 1982, and 1985. A sample of 875 hospitals was selected randomly from
      among the estimated 5600 U.S. short-term hospitals that employ a pharmacist on at
      least a part-time basis. The survey had a 71.1% response rate (617 usable
      replies). Nearly three-fourths of the respondents had complete unit dose drug
      distribution services (UDD), 68% reported complete i.v. admixture services (IVA),
      and 57% reported both complete UDD and complete IVA. Nearly 5% of respondents
      offered five specified clinical services (up from 1.8% in 1985); 24% reported
      having no clinical services (versus 38% in 1985). Nineteen percent said their
      departments had one or more clinical specialists. Overall, about one-third of
      pharmacy technicians had completed formal training. The number of respondents
      with programs to contain drug costs increased about 10% since 1985. Weekly hours
      of pharmacy operation averaged 102; 36.7% of respondents had pharmacy service
      around the clock. The percentage of hospitals with computerized drug distribution
      systems increased from 32% in 1985 to 52% in 1987. Prime vendors were used by
      94.6% of respondents, and only 2% reported that they did not use a purchasing
      group. National expenditures for drugs and fluids for community hospitals were
      projected at $4.7 billion, personnel costs at $1.8 billion, and other pharmacy
      expenditures at $0.4 billion. The projected numbers of open positions nationally
      for pharmacists in community hospitals was 1950. The survey also collected data
      on the use of personal computers, inventory turnover, quality assurance,
      continuing-education philosophy, revenue-generating programs, and outpatient
      services. Drug control in community hospitals is improving, and clinical services
      are more widespread. Twenty percent of respondents had comprehensive
      pharmaceutical services, defined as complete UDD and complete IVA plus three or
      more clinical services.

PMID- 3376965
TI  - Family practice physicians' perceptions of the usefulness of drug therapy
      recommendations from clinical pharmacists.
AB  - Family practice physicians' perceptions of the usefulness and clinical outcome of
      drug therapy recommendations made by clinical pharmacists in a family medicine
      clinic were determined. For 15 weeks, pharmacists in the clinic recorded all
      consultations in which they made recommendations about the drug therapy of
      specific patients. At the time of each consultation, the pharmacists gave the
      physician a questionnaire designed to gauge the physician's opinion of the
      usefulness of the consultation. Physicians who implemented the recommendations
      were sent a second questionnaire and asked to indicate the extent to which the
      clinical pharmacist influenced their decision to implement the recommendation,
      the effect the recommendation had on the patient's clinical status, and the
      usefulness of the recommendation to the patient in ways unrelated to clinical
      status (such as greater patient acceptance, safety, or lower cost). Five clinical
      pharmacists provided 59 consultations to 33 physicians. The physicians rated 51
      (88%) of the consultations as very useful, and they implemented 78 (98%) of the
      80 recommended actions. Of the 56 physicians who attributed their decision to
      implement the recommendation to their consultation with the clinical pharmacist,
      43 believed that the recommendations had improved the clinical status of the
      patient, and 38 believed that the recommendations were useful to patients in ways
      unrelated to clinical status. Physicians in a family medicine residency training
      program had positive perceptions of the usefulness of drug therapy
      recommendations made by clinical pharmacists. A majority of the physicians
      believed that the recommendations had a positive effect on patients' clinical
      status.

PMID- 3376966
TI  - Affiliated state chapter experience with a professional lobbyist for pharmacy
      legislative activities.
AB  - The experiences of the New Jersey Society of Hospital Pharmacists (NJSHP) with a
      professional lobbyist are described. NJSHP hired a part-time lobbyist in 1985 for
      direct lobbying services, legislative monitoring, and public relations duties.
      Accomplishments of the lobbyist include reappointment of a hospital pharmacist to
      the state board of pharmacy, formation of a political action committee,
      development of a specific political action plan, and creation of position
      statements. Future goals include sponsoring legislative breakfasts featuring key
      state legislators and establishing an official state Hospital Pharmacists Day.
      The experiences of NJSHP with a professional lobbyist have been positive.

PMID- 3376967
TI  - Osmolality of oral drug solutions and suspensions.
AB  - The osmolality values of a variety of commonly used drug solutions and
      suspensions were determined. A total of 58 commercially available drug solutions
      and suspensions and electrolyte solutions for oral use were analyzed. Samples of
      each product were diluted 1:10 to a total volume of 100 microL with sterile water
      for irrigation and mixed thoroughly. The osmolality of 10-microL aliquots of each
      diluted mixture was determined at least in duplicate by vapor pressure osmometry.
      Only six (10%) of the products had osmolality values that were less than or equal
      to 1000 mOsm/kg (i.e., similar to the values of commercially available enteral
      formulas). The other products had osmolality values ranging from 1,050 to 10,950
      mOsm/kg. Since many drug solutions and suspensions are hypertonic compared with
      normal gastrointestinal secretions, inappropriate administration could cause
      adverse gastrointestinal effects in patients receiving enteral nutrition support.

PMID- 3376968
TI  - Pharmacy component of a hospital end-product cost-accounting system.
AB  - Determination of pharmacy department standard costs for providing drug products
      to patients at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia is described.
      The hospital is implementing a cost-accounting system (CAS) that uses software
      developed at the New England Medical Center, Boston. The pharmacy identified nine
      categories of intermediate products on the basis of labor consumption. Standard
      labor times for each product category are based on measurement or estimation of
      time for each task in the preparation and distribution of a dose. Variable-labor
      standard time was determined by adjusting the cumulative time for the tasks to
      account for nonproductive time and nonroutine activities, and a variable-labor
      standard cost for each category was calculated. The standard cost per dose
      included the costs of labor and supplies (variable and fixed) and equipment; this
      standard cost plus the acquisition cost of a drug line item is the total
      intermediate product cost. Because the CAS is based on the hospital's patient
      charges, clinical pharmacy services are excluded. Intermediate products that
      substantially affect end-product costs (costs per patient case) will be
      identified for inclusion in CAS reports. The CAS will give a more accurate
      picture of resource consumption, enabling managers to focus their efforts to
      improve efficiency and productivity and reduce supply use; it could also improve
      the accuracy of the budgeting process. The CAS will support hospital
      administration decisions about marketing end products and department managers'
      decisions about controlling intermediate-product costs.

PMID- 3376969
TI  - Determining drug dispensing costs for use in cost-accounting systems.
AB  - Identification of pharmacy costs to be used in a university hospital's cost
      accounting system (CAS) is described. At the University of Wisconsin Hospital and
      Clinics (UWHC), Madison, standard pharmacy labor times for seven categories of
      products were developed by determining the pharmacist and technician times for
      purchasing, ordering, transcribing orders, manufacturing, and distributing and
      administering medications; pharmacy technicians administer most of the
      medications to patients at UWHC. The labor cost per dose (standard time
      multiplied by average wage including fringe benefits) was added to drug
      acquisition cost, which was obtained from the hospital's computerized formulary.
      The direct costs associated with drug distribution were identified for use in the
      hospital CAS. These data can be used to compare the cost-effectiveness of various
      medication administration schedules; they may also be useful in productivity
      monitoring and flexible budgeting.

PMID- 3376970
TI  - Adjustments of distributive and clinical pharmacy services to financial
      constraints.
AB  - The effects of hospital budget constraints on a pharmacy department's ability to
      provide distributive and clinical services are described, and the development and
      use of workload-monitoring systems to match resources with demand is discussed.
      In 1980, the pharmacy department at Grace Hospital, a 402-bed community hospital
      in Detroit, Michigan, began quantifying workload by using five drug distribution
      indicators. After the pharmacy began providing clinical services in 1981,
      workload elements were measured in a pilot program for ASHP's Hospital Pharmacy
      Management Information System. Hospitalwide staff reductions occurred in 1985,
      eliminating most clinical pharmacy services. From 1985 to 1986, drug costs
      increased more than expected; also, turnaround time for medication orders
      increased. In 1986, 1.4 full-time-equivalent positions were added, and the
      pharmacy instituted use of decentralized carts and a pharmacist on the patient
      care units to provide first doses. The hospital's management engineering
      department had selected patient days as the single indicator for pharmacy
      workload, but pharmacy used the ASHP Pharma Trend monitoring system to present
      data that convinced management engineering that patient days was an inadequate
      indicator of pharmacy workload. Also, drug costs decreased after the drug
      distribution changes and the reinstitution of patient drug therapy monitoring.
      Pharmacy managers need workload monitoring systems that are responsive to changes
      and include departmental expense information; these systems should be able to
      interrelate to hospital cost-accounting systems.

PMID- 3376971
TI  - Summary of petition requesting recognition of pharmacotherapy as a specialty.
      American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

PMID- 3376972
TI  - Use of piroxicam in the management of pain. Proceedings of a symposium. February
      7 and 8, 1987, Key Biscayne, Florida.

PMID- 3376973
TI  - Clinical trials in acute musculoskeletal injury states. An analysis of
      methodology.
AB  - Therapeutic evaluation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment
      of acute musculoskeletal diseases and injuries requires the use of adequate
      models for clinical trials. The objective of a short-term pain study is to
      determine whether a new treatment is effective and how it compares with a
      standard or reference drug for the indication being evaluated. Among the
      requirements for the pain model study are proper protocols and adequate,
      homogeneous patient populations. Problems in establishing the model include
      difficulty in finding adequate numbers of patients, inappropriate sites, patient
      resistance, and varying conditions of natural recovery. Suggestions are presented
      for conducting these studies: relying on global pain relief scores, keeping a
      home diary that is simple and objective, and extending the initial observation
      period in the office to generate single-dose data in a controlled environment.
      Sports medicine models are useful in allowing investigators the necessary numbers
      of patients and providing data that meaningfully address pharmacologic treatment
      for acute musculoskeletal disorders.

PMID- 3376974
TI  - Prognostic importance of cardiac arrhythmias in systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Ambulatory electrocardiography was performed in 183 patients with systemic
      sclerosis recruited from five centers who were selected to reflect a balanced
      population with respect to disease extent and duration. Ventricular ectopy
      occurred in 67 percent of patients and was strongly correlated by both univariate
      and multivariate analyses with total mortality and with sudden death. By
      multivariate analysis, ventricular ectopy was strongly associated with increasing
      patient age and with other evidence of cardiac and pulmonary involvement but not
      with clinical and laboratory measures of duration and extent of systemic
      sclerosis. Evidence of myocardial fibrosis thought to be secondary to
      microvascular alteration is common in systemic sclerosis, but the clinical
      implications of myocardial involvement are less well appreciated. The present
      data suggest the need for ambulatory electrocardiography in the clinical
      assessment of selected patients with systemic sclerosis, especially those with
      cardiac or pulmonary involvement, as well as for studies of the effects of
      antiarrhythmic therapy.

PMID- 3376975
TI  - Predicting creatinine clearance and renal drug clearance in obese patients from
      estimated fat-free body mass.
AB  - Existing methods for predicting creatinine clearance provide accurate estimates
      for normal-weight patients but not for patients who are obese. Studies into this
      problem began with an animal model of obesity, the obese overfed rat. Mean
      creatinine clearance was found to vary in direct proportion to fat-free body
      mass, determined in both obese and normal animals. The relevance of this
      observation to renal function in humans was evaluated by analyzing published
      studies reporting creatinine clearance and creatinine excretion rates in obese
      and normal persons. Measured creatinine clearance correlated well with estimated
      fat-free body mass (r = 0.772, p less than 0.02), and urinary excretion of
      creatinine normalized to fat-free mass correlated impressively with age (r =
      0.960). Formulas derived from these observations allow for the prediction of
      creatinine clearance at steady state: (formula; see text) In initial tests of
      these formulas, their predictions appeared to be as accurate as existing methods
      for the normal-weight population and far superior to these methods when applied
      to the obese population. Therefore, when creatinine clearance is not measured in
      obese patients, the estimation of this parameter with the proposed formulas
      should improve the ability to select the appropriate dose for drugs that are
      cleared principally by renal filtration.

PMID- 3376976
TI  - Total suppression of cortisol excretion by ketoconazole in the therapy of the
      ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome.
AB  - Ketoconazole, an antifungal imidazole derivative, has been shown to inhibit
      adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This has led to its use clinically
      as an effective treatment for various forms of Cushing's syndrome. The clinically
      effective doses have been reported to be between 800 to 1,200 mg per day, usually
      without glucocorticoid replacement. Herein is reported the first case of
      Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic production from a
      metastatic carcinoid tumor of the thymus that was treated with ketoconazole.
      Urinary cortisol excretion was totally suppressed at the initial dose and optimal
      control was achieved with relatively low doses of ketoconazole (200 to 400 mg per
      day), along with dexamethasone replacement. Use of glucocorticoid replacement is
      advisable in this setting to avoid symptomatic hypoadrenalism.

PMID- 3376977
TI  - Acyclovir-induced renal failure. Clinical course and histology.
AB  - Four patients with a chronic fatigue syndrome experienced five episodes of acute
      renal insufficiency associated with high-dose (500 mg/m2) intravenous acyclovir
      administered intravenously as one-hour infusions. Nephrotoxicity developed
      despite precautions to avoid volume contraction. Examination of the urinary
      sediment of three patients by polarizing microscopy showed birefringent needle
      shaped crystals within leukocytes. In the most severely affected patient, a serum
      creatinine concentration of 8.6 mg/dl developed and the patient underwent
      percutaneous renal biopsy that revealed foci of interstitial inflammation without
      tubular necrosis. Urine, blood, and renal tissue levels of acyclovir were high.
      One patient was rechallenged with low-dose intravenous acyclovir and the four
      patients later received oral acyclovir, all without adverse effect. The combined
      data from these patients support crystalluria and obstructive nephropathy as a
      mechanism of acyclovir-induced renal failure in humans. This experience
      emphasizes the importance of maintaining adequate hydration during high-dose
      acyclovir therapy.

PMID- 3376978
TI  - Disseminated herpes zoster in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
      infection.
AB  - Herpes zoster virus infections occur in persons with decreased cellular immunity.
      A 45-year-old man is described who presented with disseminated herpes zoster as
      the initial manifestation of his human immunodeficiency virus infection.
      Disseminated herpes zoster virus infections have been reported in human
      immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. Similar to disseminated herpes
      zoster virus infections that occur in immunosuppressed patients seronegative for
      human immunodeficiency virus, an increased morbidity and responsiveness to
      acyclovir is observed. In contrast, the morphology of the skin lesions and the
      clinical course have been more severe, and the mortality has been increased.
      Visceral involvement has not been described.

PMID- 3376979
TI  - Intrapericardial teratoma in an adult.

PMID- 3376980
TI  - Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired
      pneumonia.

PMID- 3376981
TI  - Accelerated atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3376982
TI  - Assessing the preventability of emergency hospital admissions.

PMID- 3376983
TI  - Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with
      stable coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3376985
TI  - What physicians should know about consumer satisfaction.
AB  - Physicians must recognize the contemporary role consumers play in the delivery
      process. Although it is common knowledge that without consumers there would be
      little need for the elaborate health systems in existence today, few physicians
      actively plan for, implement and systematically evaluate services delivered. The
      rising cost of malpractice insurance in this age of spiraling materials and
      equipment expense, is forcing more physicians to consider better ways of serving
      and keeping their patients. This article describes one approach, consumer
      satisfaction.

PMID- 3376984
TI  - Overnight clonidine suppression test in the diagnosis and exclusion of
      pheochromocytoma.
AB  - In a prospective study designed to differentiate pheochromocytoma from other
      forms of hypertension, urinary catecholamines were measured after sleep and
      clonidine administration in 12 patients with pheochromocytoma, 19 hypertensive
      patients in whom pheochromocytoma was suspected but later excluded, and 31
      hypertensive patients in whom pheochromocytoma was never suspected. The test
      correctly identified all 12 patients in whom pheochromocytoma was present. Four
      of these had equivocal plasma levels of both norepinephrine and epinephrine,
      suggesting that overnight clonidine suppression may be of particular value when
      tumor secretion is intermittent or low. When pheochromocytoma was not present,
      urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were suppressed below 60 and 20
      nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, after sleep and clonidine, the two in
      combination giving better suppression than sleep alone. Since urinary
      catecholamines can be determined relatively easily by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography with electrochemical detection, this test may be more widely
      applicable than suppression tests based on plasma measurements.

PMID- 3376986
TI  - Fluid phase coagulation events have minimal impact on plasma fibrin structure.
AB  - Reports of altered fibrin structure in clots formed from factor VIII-deficient
      plasma have raised the possibility that plasma clots mediated by activation of
      the fluid phase coagulation system might differ from clots formed by the direct
      addition of thrombin to plasma. In this study, turbidity measurements were used
      to compare the assembly and structure of clots formed from platelet-poor plasma
      by either the addition of thrombin or the exposure of recalcified plasma to
      glass. When clotted by recalcification, the lag phase before initial increase in
      turbidity was 10 to 25 times longer than when clotted by the addition of
      thrombin. Decreasing the ionic strength or increasing the calcium concentration
      shortened the lag phase. At high calcium concentrations (greater than 25 mM)
      polymerization was delayed and precipitation was noted. pH had a minimal impact
      over the range of 7.0 to 7.4. Fibrin fiber mass-length ratios for plasma gels
      formed by activation of the intrinsic cascade were virtually identical to those
      in gels formed by the direct addition of thrombin. These studies indicate that
      fluid phase coagulation events before the production of thrombin have a minimal
      impact on plasma fibrin structure.

PMID- 3376987
TI  - Effects of repeated doses of intravenous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The authors administered repeated courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to
      nine patients at the onset of an exacerbation of generalized myasthenia gravis
      (MG). Anticholinesterase medication (nine patients) and corticosteroid dosage
      (six patients) had been kept constant for a 2-month period. Six patients received
      two courses, two patients received three courses, and one patient received five
      courses. Twenty of 23 courses resulted in satisfactory improvement beginning 4.3
      +/- 1.2 days after start of IVIg and becoming maximal 8.2 +/- 2.0 days, with
      sustained improvement lasting 106.6 +/- 49.1 days. Vital capacity increased from
      an average of 1845.1 +/- 489 cc to 2894 +/- 762 cc (p less than 0.01) at peak
      effect. Four of nine patients had a decrease in strength before improvement.
      There was no significant change in acetylcholine receptor antibody titers before
      or after therapy. Side effects were minimal. Of the three patients who had
      nonsatisfactory course, two responded well to additional IVIg. IVIg can produce
      repeated beneficial effects in patients with MG and may be useful as an adjunct
      in the management of MG.

PMID- 3376989
TI  - Hypertension complicating essential thrombocythemia.
AB  - Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by
      marked thrombocytosis with associated hemorrhagic, thrombotic and embolic
      complications caused by platelet dysfunction. In this report we describe two
      cases of ET and moderate to severe hypertension associated with renal artery
      stenosis and renal microvascular lesions. In both cases treatment of the
      hematologic disorder resulted in reduction of blood pressure and improvement of
      clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3376988
TI  - Effects of dietary electrolyte supplementation on gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The effects of electrolyte supplementation via drinking solutions on gentamicin
      induced nephrotoxicity were studied in rats. Four groups of animals were injected
      with gentamicin, 120 mg/kg daily for 5 days and were studied 2-4 days after the
      last injection. Electrolyte supplements were begun before the gentamicin
      injections and were continued throughout the study. The drinking solutions were
      tap water, NaCl, NaCl + KCl, or NaHCO3 + KHCO3 + diamox. At the end of the study,
      blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were markedly increased only in
      the group receiving tap water. Nevertheless, 24 hour creatinine clearance in
      awake rats and inulin clearance in anesthetized rats were found to be severely
      reduced in all gentamicin-treated animals. However, the rats receiving NaHCO3 +
      KHCO3 + diamox had significantly higher creatinine clearance than all other
      experimental groups. Proximal intratubular free-flow pressure, measured by
      micropuncture, and internal proximal diameters were significantly increased above
      normal controls in all groups, but were least abnormal in the rats receiving HCO3
      and diamox. Semiquantitative histologic evaluation revealed significantly less
      tubular necrosis and cast formation in this group than in all the other
      experimental groups. The observations suggest that dietary sodium, potassium, and
      chloride supplements, even accompanied by large fluid intake, provide relatively
      little protection against gentamicin nephrotoxicity. In contrast, HCO3- and
      diamox supplements resulted in significant, albeit incomplete, protection of GFR
      and renal histology.

PMID- 3376990
TI  - Ictal bradycardia.
AB  - A patient had complex partial seizures manifested as transient confusion and
      profound bradycardia. These attacks were diagnosed by simultaneous EEG-ECG
      recordings and were suppressed by carbamazepine. Bradycardia is an exceptional
      cardiac accompaniment of partial seizures.

PMID- 3376991
TI  - Remission of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis to busulfan treatment.
AB  - Three patients with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis have responded to busulfan
      treatment with an excellent hematologic remission and reversal of myelofibrosis
      and myeloid metaplasia. Four months after busulfan therapy all three patients
      showed an improvement of hematocrit and hemoglobin and reduction of the number of
      leukoerythroblasts. Cellular bone marrow was re-established in two patients. A
      decrease of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly also occurred and was well correlated
      with the hematologic response. In one patient, when busulfan was discontinued for
      about 2 years after achieving an excellent remission, hematologic relapse was
      accompanied by increase of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. When busulfan treatment
      was resumed, hematologic response and decrease of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
      reoccurred. This observation has demonstrated the beneficial effect of busulfan
      in chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis; therefore, the role of busulfan in the
      management of this disease should be further investigated.

PMID- 3376992
TI  - Facial midline defect in the fetal alcohol syndrome: embryogenetic considerations
      in two clinical cases.
AB  - We report on two unrelated patients with fetal alcohol syndrome with hypoplasia
      of the periocular region, resulting in a low and narrow forehead and
      hypotelorism. Other typical manifestations of the syndrome involving the facial
      midline are also present. These observations can be added to clinical and
      experimental evidence from other authors, supporting the concept that the facial
      anomalies of the fetal alcohol syndrome are the expression of a midline defect
      originating from the disruption of the ordered development of midline mesoderm
      cells during early embryogenesis.

PMID- 3376993
TI  - Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome in apparently discordant monozygotic twins.
AB  - We report 3 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, one twin showing typical Wiedemann
      Beckwith syndrome (WBS) with minimal or no expression of the condition in the co
      twin. These cases are documented, and three previously reported MZ twin pairs are
      reviewed. Phenotypic concordance for this syndrome in MZ twin pairs has not been
      reported. Many cases of familial occurrence have been published and different
      modes of inheritance have been postulated. Based on the twin-twin variability
      seen in our patients, it seems the most likely mechanism of inheritance is an
      autosomal dominant mutation with environmental modification of expressivity, or
      reduced phenotrance.

PMID- 3376994
TI  - 47,XXX chromosome constitution, ovarian dysgenesis, and genito-urinary
      malformation.
AB  - We describe the second known reported fetus with 47,XXX chromosome constitution
      and ovarian dysgenesis, in this instance with an unusual urinary tract
      malformation, nonimmune fetal ascites and meconium peritonitis.

PMID- 3376995
TI  - Deletion mapping of the beta-glucuronidase gene.
AB  - GUSB, the gene for beta-glucuronidase, has been localized to the proximal long
      arm of chromosome 7 between 7q11.2 and 7q22. Deficiency of beta-glucuronidase
      results in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII, Sly syndrome). The enzymatic
      defect has been demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts, leukocytes and serum
      of affected patients. An 8-yr-old boy presented with manifestations similar to
      MPS VII (mental retardation, short stature, "coarse" facial appearance, mild
      skeletal involvement and recurrent lower respiratory tract infection) but other,
      discrepant abnormalities, e.g., bilateral iris colobomata and cleft palate.
      Normal activity of beta-glucuronidase was found in the patient's leukocytes.
      Chromosome analysis disclosed an interstitial deletion of 7q with one breakpoint
      at the interface between bands 11.22 and 11.23 and the other breakpoint within
      band 21.1. DNA from this patient's leukocytes was analyzed for dosage of GUSB
      sequences. This locus appeared to be present at the normal diploid level. These
      findings suggest that GUSB is not in the portion of chromosome 7 deleted in our
      case, narrowing the smallest region of overlap to 7q21.1----7q22. We therefore
      assign the beta-glucuronidase gene to 7q21.1----7q22.

PMID- 3376996
TI  - Monozygotic Turner syndrome twins--correlation of phenotype severity and heart
      defect.
AB  - We report on monozygotic twins with Turner syndrome (45,X) with discordant
      phenotypes. One twin had severe neck webbing and extremity edema and died of
      severe coarctation of the aorta. The other twin had fewer craniofacial anomalies
      and no congenital heart defect, suggesting a pathogenetic relationship between
      cardiac abnormality and phenotype severity.

PMID- 3376997
TI  - Multiple sclerosis: updated risks for relatives.
AB  - Two important characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) are familial clustering
      and a variable age of onset. There is increasing evidence for a genetically
      influenced susceptibility in MS. Because of this, patients and their relatives
      are increasingly asking about the risk for relatives of developing MS. In the MS
      Clinic in Vancouver, genetic histories are taken routinely for all patients and
      are updated annually. Patients do not attend the clinic specifically to
      participate in genetic studies, which could result in over-representation of
      familial cases. Data were available for 815 MS index cases and 11,345 of their
      relatives. Age-specific MS risks were calculated for first-, second-, and third
      degree relatives of probands and are presented in an easy-reference format. In
      general, first-degree relatives of probands have a risk that is 30-50 times
      greater than the 0.1% risk for the general population.

PMID- 3376998
TI  - Cytogenetic analysis of 688 couples experiencing multiple spontaneous abortions.
AB  - We report on cytogenetic analysis of 688 couples experiencing two or more first-
      and/or second-trimester abortions (less than 20 weeks). The overall abnormality
      rate was 6.83% (47 couples). However, exclusion of those anomalies not generally
      accepted as being causal in spontaneous abortion leaves an abnormality rate of
      only 2.33% (16 couples). We discuss the significance of balanced translocations,
      inversions, sex chromosome aneuploidies, and mosaicisms thereof in the causation
      of multiple abortions.

PMID- 3376999
TI  - 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: contrast of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis.
AB  - The process of prenatal diagnosis is unique in that the diagnosis and prognosis
      are made without seeing the patient. 45,X/46,XY mosaicism presents a special
      problem in this regard. The phenotype of 45,X/46,XY postnatally diagnosed
      children (pediatric group) was compared to that of 6 fetuses who were diagnosed
      from 7,000 amniocenteses (prenatal group). These amniocenteses were performed
      primarily because of an increased risk of chromosome abnormality. The pediatric
      group (age birth-18 yr) were all phenotypically abnormal, although none were
      mentally retarded. Seven patients presented with ambiguous genitalia, while 2 had
      primary amenorrhea. Sexual assignment was changed in 2. Abnormalities included
      rudimentary phallus, urogenital sinus, hypospadias, undescended testes, and short
      stature. All 9 patients required at least one surgical procedure. In contrast,
      the prenatally diagnosed fetuses (ages 3 months to 3 1/2 yr) were all
      phenotypically normal males. Four were noted to have male genitalia on
      ultrasonography. Thus, the phenotype of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in prenatally
      diagnosed fetuses can be markedly different from that of individuals diagnosed
      postnatally. This must be considered when counseling patients.

PMID- 3377001
TI  - Heritable disorders of connective tissue. Committee on nomenclature: report of
      the Genetic Register Subcommittee, Berlin, September, 1986.

PMID- 3377000
TI  - The Weismann-Netter syndrome.
AB  - The Weismann-Netter syndrome is a rare, heritable dysplasia of anterior bowing of
      tibiae and fibulae, often with lateral bowing of femora, short stature, and mild
      mental retardation. The condition is probably due to a primary metabolic
      abnormality of bone. The disease process is inactive in the adult. The
      pathogenesis is unknown. The patient reported here is the only child described in
      the Anglo-American literature.

PMID- 3377002
TI  - Optic nerve coloboma associated with renal disease.
AB  - Optic nerve colobomas can occur as sporadic abnormalities, may be inherited as an
      autosomal dominant defect, occur as part of syndromes, and are rarely associated
      with cardiac malformations and midline encephaloceles. Karcher [1979] described a
      father and son with the "morning glory" optic disc anomaly and renal disease as a
      new association. We report on two brothers with optic nerve colobomas associated
      with renal disease. The ophthalmologic findings and renal histopathology are
      presented. This second familial occurrence suggests that the association of optic
      nerve coloboma and renal disease is a newly recognized syndrome.

PMID- 3377003
TI  - Hyperlaxity in males with Melnick-Needles syndrome.
AB  - Here we report on a boy with Melnick-Needles syndrome. He presented extreme
      hyperlaxity of skin and joints, suggesting that this syndrome is another example
      of a generalized connective tissue disorder.

PMID- 3377004
TI  - Parental decision following prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosome abnormality.
AB  - In the event of prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosome abnormality, parents must
      choose between continuation and termination of the pregnancy. To determine
      whether parents are capable of understanding differences in severity among
      aneuploidy syndromes, we examined the outcome chosen for all pregnancies in which
      a fetal chromosome disorder was diagnosed at Northwestern Memorial Hospital
      between January, 1977 and June, 1986. Among amniocentesis cases, 88% with
      autosomal aneuploidy were terminated, but only 41% with sex chromosome
      abnormalities and none with de novo structural rearrangements were terminated.
      Among a smaller group of chorionic villus sampling cases, all with abnormal
      results were terminated. Similar patterns of parental behavior were noted in
      other prenatal diagnosis units. We conclude that parents do distinguish among,
      and respond specifically to, fetal chromosome disorders of differing severity, at
      least in the second trimester of pregnancy. However, parents appear more inclined
      to terminate all pregnancies with chromosome abnormalities when the diagnosis has
      been made in the first trimester.

PMID- 3377005
TI  - A new autosomal recessive lethal chondrodystrophy with congenital hydrops.
AB  - Two sibs, the offspring of consanguineous parents, presented with severe short
      limb dwarfism and distinct chondro-osseous, radiologic, and histologic
      appearance. The first sib presented at 30 wk with severe hydrops following fetal
      death; the second was detected by ultrasonography at 20 wk. Radiologic
      abnormalities included an unusual "moth-eaten" appearance of the markedly short
      long bones, bizzare ectopic ossification centers, and marked platyspondyly with
      unusual ossification centers. Marked extramedullary erythropoiesis was present in
      both fetuses, and chondro-osseous histology was characterized by marked
      disorganization of tissue with interspersed masses of cartilage, bone, and
      mesenchymal tissue. These sibs appear to have a distinct previously unreported
      autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, which can present as hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 3377006
TI  - Rett syndrome in monozygotic twins.
AB  - The evolution of the Rett syndrome in 29-year-old twin girls is presented.
      Evidence for monozygosity is given together with a brief account of the problems
      these girls posed to their family in early childhood.

PMID- 3377007
TI  - Variable expression of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and
      congenital hepatic fibrosis within a family.
AB  - Blyth and Ockenden [1971] assigned patients with autosomal recessive polycystic
      kidney disease (ARPCKD) to 4 discrete groups (perinatal, neonatal, infantile,
      juvenile) on the basis of the age of presentation. They and others speculated
      that at least 4 genes were responsible for what they considered to be closely
      related, but different conditions. These views have gained wide but not universal
      acceptance. Some workers have insisted that the perinatal and neonatal "forms" of
      ARPCKD differ fundamentally from the juvenile "form." However, others have
      proposed that ARPCKD-CHF (congenital hepatic fibrosis) and CHF-ARPCKD are
      manifestations of the same disease with variation of expression in a kindred. We
      report on a patient who presented at birth (1979) with ARPCKD and respiratory
      distress. He died at 18 hr. An older sib presented at 16 yr in 1984. She had no
      symptoms, but her mother wanted reassurance that the daughter did not have a
      condition similar to that of the deceased sib. Blood pressure was 120/80 mm Hg
      and there was hepatosplenomegaly. A diagnosis of renal tubular ectasia and CHF
      was made by ultrasonography, radiologic studies, and a liver biopsy. The evidence
      from families such as this favors the concept that ARPCKD and CHF presenting as
      Blyth and Ockenden's perinatal form, and CHF and renal tubular ectasia as their
      juvenile form, are manifestations of the same genetic disorder, and that the
      different manifestations are more likely variations in expression than the
      results of different mutant genes. The manifestations in this family add weight
      to the growing body of evidence that intrafamilial variability may occur, not
      only in autosomal dominant conditions, but also in autosomal recessive disorders.

PMID- 3377008
TI  - Inbreeding in outport Newfoundland.
AB  - We investigated inbreeding in 3 outport Newfoundland study areas in which
      persistent genetic isolation was demonstrated previously. The inbreeding
      coefficient of every person born in each area was calculated from reconstructed
      pedigree data. The average inbreeding coefficient for persons born between 1960
      and 1979 is 0.0032 in Trepassey Parish (southern Avalon Peninsula), 0.0171 for a
      group of communities on the west coast of the Great Northern Peninsula, and
      0.0007 for southeastern Labrador. Average inbreeding of these populations was
      higher earlier in this century. Averages are high compared to those reported for
      other populations, consistent with genetic isolation. Coefficients of kinship
      were calculated for large samples of pairs of births in each study area, and
      frequency distributions of inbreeding coefficients compared with frequency
      distributions of kinship coefficients, to evaluate random and nonrandom mating
      with respect to consanguinity. These comparisons show that matings between
      unrelated individuals are more frequent than expected, that matings between first
      cousins are not strongly avoided in 2 of the 3 study areas, that matings between
      first cousins once removed are favored, and that matings between distantly
      related individuals are becoming more frequent. To gain an impression of the
      potential contribution of inbreeding to the prevalence of recessive disease, we
      calculated indirect estimates of the expected excess of prereproductive mortality
      due to inbreeding. These estimates are 15% for Trepassey Parish, 49% for the West
      Coast study area, and 2% for southeastern Labrador. It is unlikely that genetic
      isolation of outport Newfoundland populations will decrease. Elevated prevalences
      of recessive disease, due primarily to matings between persons unaware of their
      distant consanguinity, therefore require consideration in health care planning in
      Newfoundland.

PMID- 3377010
TI  - Can women with the Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) reproduce? Does the
      deletion (15)(q 11-13) occur in individuals not affected with PLWS?

PMID- 3377009
TI  - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with cranial hyperostosis: new entity or most
      severe form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia?
AB  - Polyostotic fibrous (McCune-Albright) dysplasia is an uncommon nonhereditable
      disorder characterized by localized or widespread cystic changes in the skeleton.
      The limb bones are predominantly affected; craniofacial involvement is rare. We
      have encountered a severely affected man, with the additional manifestation of
      massive craniofacial hyperostosis. It is questionable whether this condition is
      an autonomous entity or represents the end of the spectrum of severity of
      polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

PMID- 3377011
TI  - Intestinal atresia and arthrogryposis.

PMID- 3377012
TI  - Dysplasia, cytodysplasia and tuberous sclerosis.

PMID- 3377013
TI  - Norman-Roberts syndrome.

PMID- 3377014
TI  - Dermatoglyphic findings in chromosome 1 long arm deletions.

PMID- 3377015
TI  - Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia.

PMID- 3377017
TI  - Of tasks, techs, and control.

PMID- 3377016
TI  - Nosological difference between the Bartsocas-Papas syndrome and lethal multiple
      pterygium syndrome.

PMID- 3377018
TI  - Which nurse is likely to become chemically dependent?

PMID- 3377019
TI  - Withdrawing or withholding food and fluid.

PMID- 3377020
TI  - Does nursing get the revenues?

PMID- 3377021
TI  - Nursing's worldwide woes.

PMID- 3377022
TI  - Pulmonary laser therapy.

PMID- 3377023
TI  - Speaking out. Untie the elderly.

PMID- 3377024
TI  - The critical difference. Ectopic pregnancy.

PMID- 3377025
TI  - AJN Media Festival awards 1988.

PMID- 3377027
TI  - Texas jobfocus. Lone Star quality.

PMID- 3377026
TI  - Sometimes pediatric home care doesn't work.

PMID- 3377028
TI  - Which route to nursing is most cost-effective?

PMID- 3377029
TI  - Reducing the risk of venous air embolism.

PMID- 3377030
TI  - NSNA: students ask to care for AIDS patients.

PMID- 3377031
TI  - Indiana RN Patricia Miller put AIDS bill on a fast track.

PMID- 3377032
TI  - Of mice and Merle.

PMID- 3377033
TI  - Cardiovascular disease in women.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in American women.
      Atherosclerotic diseases, primarily myocardial infarction and stroke, are
      important causes of morbidity and mortality among women. Contrary to popular
      belief, the actual number of myocardial infarctions in men and women is similar,
      although women develop cardiovascular disease an average of 10 years later than
      do men. Total serum cholesterol level is a major indicator of risk of coronary
      heart disease; for every 1% increase in the total serum cholesterol level, a 2%
      increase in incidence of coronary heart disease is found. A high level of low
      density lipoproteins is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in
      both mean and women, but high triglyceride level is an independent risk factor
      only in women. Conversely, the higher the level of high-density lipoprotein, the
      lower the risk of coronary heart disease. To reduce the risk of coronary heart
      disease, target levels of total serum cholesterol must be lowered from 300 to 200
      mg/dl. If the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio is greater than or
      equal to 4.5 of if the low-density lipoprotein concentration is greater than 150
      mg/dl, the patient is at high risk for coronary heart disease. Clinical trials
      that use diet or drugs to lower serum cholesterol levels have consistently shown
      a 2% reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease for every 1% reduction
      in total serum cholesterol level.

PMID- 3377034
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factors, premature heart disease, and all-cause mortality in
      a cohort of northern California women.
AB  - Large prospective studies and intervention trials have identified major risk
      factors for premature heart disease in men, while the Framingham Heart Disease
      Study has provided the leading evidence of predictors of cardiovascular disease
      in women. We evaluated the role of these risk factors in a 13-year follow-up
      study of 8935 premenopausal and 2716 postmenopausal women in the Walnut Creek
      Contraceptive Drug Study cohort in Northern California. Elevated cholesterol
      levels, high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, family history of heart disease,
      and diabetes were investigated for their contribution to premature death due to
      all causes and due to cardiovascular disease. In addition, risk factor profiles
      were developed separately for users and nonusers of Premarin (conjugated
      estrogen) in the postmenopausal cohort. The results show that the strongest
      predictors of cardiovascular mortality among premenopausal women were smoking,
      high blood pressure, and diabetes, with relative risks of 2.8, 10.5, and 11.6,
      respectively. A disparity between high cardiovascular risk factor prevalence and
      low rates of premature heart disease indicates that the high relative risks will
      not be accompanied by large attributable risks. Nevertheless, the study
      reconfirms the need for screening women for heart disease risk because life-style
      changes can improve cardiovascular risk factors and can potentially reduce the
      chance of premature death even further.

PMID- 3377035
TI  - Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: role of the obstetrician
      gynecologist.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease poses a major threat to women's health. Obstetrician
      gynecologists dominate the adult health care field in preventive services in the
      United States, and the scope of their preventive services should be broadened to
      encompass cardiovascular disease in women. Endogenous and exogenous risk factors
      jointly contribute to a woman's cardiovascular risk profile; the risk of
      cardiovascular disease should be viewed as a multifactorial phenomenon with a
      continuous gradient of response. Three important risk factors--serum cholesterol,
      hypertension, and cigarette smoking--are amenable to change and should become a
      principal focus of women's health care. Although preventive medicine lacks the
      glamour and immediate rewards of obstetric and gynecologic interventions, the
      long-term benefits to the health of women are compelling.

PMID- 3377036
TI  - A 9% decrease in cholesterol levels led to a 19% reduction in cardiovascular
      disease.

PMID- 3377037
TI  - Cholesterol treatment recommendations for adults: highlights of the 1987 report
      from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel.

PMID- 3377038
TI  - Asymmetric retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We reviewed retrospectively the records of 57 diabetic patients with asymmetric
      retinopathy persisting for two years or more (mean, 4.8 years) to identify
      intraocular risk and protective factors for the development of proliferative
      retinopathy. For each patient in this series, the more severely affected eye had
      proliferative retinopathy and the fellow eye had either background diabetic
      retinopathy or no retinopathy. Branch vein occlusion (P = .016) was identified as
      a statistically significant risk factor for proliferative retinopathy and
      chorioretinal scarring (P = .031) was found to be a statistically significant
      protective intraocular factor. In 34 patients with long-standing asymmetric
      retinopathy, no intraocular risk or protective factors were identified.

PMID- 3377039
TI  - Detection of the carrier state of X-linked retinoschisis.
AB  - We determined the extent of suppressive rod-cone interaction in 11 obligate
      carriers and eight potential carriers of X-linked retinoschisis from eight
      families. Despite otherwise normal ophthalmoscopic and functional testing, all of
      the obligate heterozygous carriers demonstrated a complete absence of normal rod
      cone interaction. Of the potential heterozygous carriers, three had normal rod
      cone interactions, two had no detectable interaction, and two yielded technically
      unsatisfactory results. This lack of rod-cone interactions allows heterozygous
      individuals to be identified clinically and has implications concerning the
      origin of this inherited disorder.

PMID- 3377040
TI  - Detection of lymphocytes in the vitreous gel of patients with retinitis
      pigmentosa.
AB  - We used monoclonal antibodies against specific T cell, B cell, and macrophage
      antigens to detect immune system cells in the vitreous gel of retinitis
      pigmentosa patients. Vitreous samples were obtained by biopsy from three patients
      and by dissection from eight postmortem donor eyes. All samples contained CD4, T
      helper and CD8, suppressor cells, activated T cells, some B cells, and
      macrophages. About one third of the cells were nonreactive. Vitreous gel from
      normal controls contained mostly nonreactive cells with a few macrophages and
      rare T cells. These observations further indicated the nature of the cellular
      reaction in retinitis pigmentosa and characterized the biomicroscopically visible
      particulate bodies characteristically seen in the vitreous gel of these patients.

PMID- 3377041
TI  - Infected vs sterile corneal infiltrates in contact lens wearers.
AB  - We examined 50 patients to determine whether differences exist between the
      initial clinical signs and symptoms associated with infected vs sterile corneal
      infiltrates. A detailed history regarding contact lens use and ocular symptoms
      was taken, after which a careful slit-lamp examination was performed. The ocular
      findings were correlated with the results of corneal cultures. Increased pain (P
      less than .001), discharge (P less than .0001), epithelial staining (P less than
      .0001), and anterior chamber reaction (P less than .0001) were associated with
      infected ulcers. Sterile infiltrates were usually smaller; multiple or arcuate;
      and without significant pain, epithelial staining, or anterior chamber reaction.

PMID- 3377042
TI  - The effect of radial keratotomy on contrast sensitivity.
AB  - In the period after surgical correction of myopia and astigmatism in 30 patients
      (44 eyes) by radial keratotomy, contrast sensitivity deteriorated slightly. The
      disturbances, however, were transitory, and the general trend was toward
      restoration of function. Strict adherence to an adequate operative technique
      prevented a marked decline in contrast sensitivity. The decrease must be
      considered before surgery, particularly in patients who need a high degree of
      fine motor control.

PMID- 3377044
TI  - Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements with the Oculab Tono-Pen vs
      manometry in humans shortly after death.
AB  - We compared the Oculab Tono-Pen, a miniaturized Mackay-Marg tonometer, with a
      Statham membrane manometer in six humans (12 eyes), three to six hours after
      death. The intraocular pressure was changed in 5- to 10-mm Hg steps in a range
      between 0 and 60 mm Hg by an infusion system. The correlation coefficient of the
      relation of Tono-Pen readings vs manometrically determined intraocular pressures
      was .99. Compared to the manometer, the Tono-Pen gave a small underestimation of
      intraocular pressure above 17 mm Hg or overestimation below 17 mm Hg. The maximal
      deviation of the Tono-Pen readings from the manometer readings was 2.5 mm Hg. In
      our experience the correspondence between Tono-Pen and manometer readings was
      superior to the correspondence between the readings obtained with the original
      Mackay-Marg tonometer and manometry.

PMID- 3377043
TI  - Necrotizing keratitis caused by Capnocytophaga ochracea.
AB  - We studied three cases of Capnocytophaga keratitis that demonstrated stromal
      necrosis and a ring infiltrate. In all cases, the keratitis occurred in a
      previously diseased or traumatized cornea. One patient was treated with chronic
      antiamoebic therapy for presumed Acanthamoeba keratitis. Two cases resulted in
      corneal perforation. Laboratory isolation was difficult because of slow,
      fastidious growth. Capnocytophaga is not uniformly sensitive to commonly used
      topical antibiotics such as the cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, but may
      respond to treatment with topical clindamycin.

PMID- 3377045
TI  - Topical timolol-induced arthropathy.

PMID- 3377046
TI  - Nitrous oxide warning.

PMID- 3377047
TI  - Microinfusion of thrombin solution in vitreous surgery.

PMID- 3377048
TI  - Low-dose fluorescein angiography.

PMID- 3377049
TI  - Inflammatory glaucoma associated with Sweet's syndrome.

PMID- 3377050
TI  - Pupillary dilation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

PMID- 3377051
TI  - Scleromalacia associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

PMID- 3377052
TI  - Orbital pseudotumor in a patient with AIDS.

PMID- 3377053
TI  - Pasteurella multocida meningitis following orbital exenteration.

PMID- 3377054
TI  - Traumatic orbital decompression.

PMID- 3377055
TI  - Orbital roof fracture with ocular herniation.

PMID- 3377056
TI  - Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens
      implantation combined with trabeculectomy in patients with glaucoma.

PMID- 3377057
TI  - Positional changes in the vasculature of the optic disk in glaucoma.

PMID- 3377058
TI  - An electrophysiological investigation of visual function in juvenile insulin
      dependent diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Current diabetes research is directed at preventing secondary complications such
      as diabetic retinopathy (DR) that can have devastating effects on vision.
      Diagnosis of DR is traditionally dependent on visible alterations of retinal
      vasculature. However, the detection of functional disorders, likely occurring
      before observable changes in structure, may provide advanced warning of impending
      DR. We examined the neural function of the retina by electroretinograms (ERG's)
      and the macular-cortical pathways by visual evoked potentials (VEP's) in 30
      insulin-controlled juvenile diabetics and an age-and sex-matched group of
      nondiabetics. The average duration of diabetes in the test group with normal
      retinal vasculature was 5.6 +/- 4.6 years. Results showed small but measurable
      differences in the amplitude and timing characteristics of retinal and cortical
      potentials for the test and control groups. The most surprising findings related
      to shorter response times for the "b" wave of the photopic ERG, larger amplitude
      oscillatory potentials, and larger steady-state VEP's. These may be the earliest
      signs of increased segmental blood flow by vascular autoregulatory mechanisms to
      compensate for generalized hypoxia. Longitudinal studies are required to
      determine the physiological significance of our findings and the prognostic value
      of evoked potentials in diabetes.

PMID- 3377059
TI  - Effect of hydrogel lens wear on contrast sensitivity.
AB  - Conflicting reports on the adequacy of the visual performance provided by
      hydrogel contact lenses continue to appear in the literature. We conducted a
      study to determine the effect on visual performance, as assessed by contrast
      sensitivity measurements, of (1) lens wear of optimally fitting 38% water content
      lenses and (2) altered lens parameters, including fitting characteristics, of 38%
      and 67% water content lenses. During normal wear of lenses, neither the lenses
      themselves nor any contact lens-induced corneal changes produced measurable
      visual losses. The visual performance was also independent of lens fit or lens
      thickness over the ranges used here. The higher water content lenses provided
      marginally poorer visual performance.

PMID- 3377060
TI  - Open-eye corneal swelling secondary to hydrogel contact lens wear.
AB  - Three hydrogel contact lenses of measured oxygen transmissibility (Dk/L = 20, 12,
      and 6 x 10(-9) cm ml O2/s ml mm Hg, respectively) were used to induce central
      corneal swelling as measured by optical pachometry in five human subjects under
      open-eye conditions (8 h wear). Both contact lenses with higher Dk/L values
      induced mean central corneal swelling of about 1.5%. The lower Dk/L lens induced
      a mean central corneal swelling of 2.2%. However, statistical analysis of the
      differences in central corneal swelling between the lens-wearing and the control
      eyes indicates that swelling induced by the higher Dk/L lenses is not identical,
      and indicates that even a Dk/L of 20 x 10(-9) is insufficient to reduce corneal
      swelling to zero. This suggests that the "critical oxygen tension" (COT) could be
      in excess of 20 to 40 mm Hg, but not necessarily as high as 70 mm Hg.

PMID- 3377062
TI  - Altitudinal field losses with congenital optic nerve head anomalies.

PMID- 3377061
TI  - Dehydration of hydrogel lenses: environmental influences during normal wear.
AB  - To examine whether certain aspects of the environment can have a significant
      effect upon the steady-state water content of hydrogel contact lenses during
      normal wear, nine volunteers monitored ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and
      the water content of their contact lenses over a 5-day period of daily lens wear.
      Three subjects wore Hydron zero-6 lenses (38% nominal water content), three wore
      Hydrocurve II lenses (55%), and three wore Permalens contact lenses (71%). The
      results indicate that a knowledge of ambient temperature and humidity is of
      little value in predicting the water content of hydrogel lenses under normal
      wearing conditions, at least with respect to the range of environmental
      conditions encountered in the course of this experiment.

PMID- 3377063
TI  - The Badal optometer paradox.
AB  - Badal's optometer is used to change the vergence of the accommodative stimulus
      without changing retinal image size. It has been accepted that this can be
      accomplished by putting the optometer's secondary focal point at either the eye's
      anterior nodal or anterior focal point. I show that there can be only one
      solution because the simultaneous truth of both solutions would lead to a
      paradox. The most precise solution is slightly different for the accommodated and
      the unaccommodated eye, but the nodal point provides the best general solution.
      For the accommodating eye there is a residual increase in image size with
      accommodation due to the anterior displacement of the nodal points. For the
      unaccommodated eye, the correct reference point is its entrance pupil. Use of the
      nodal point results in accommodation creating an anomalous, but slight, change in
      retinal image size.

PMID- 3377064
TI  - Predicting refractive astigmatism: a suggested simplification of Javal's rule.
AB  - In the period of almost 100 years since Javal proposed an empirically determined
      rule for the prediction of refractive astigmatism on the basis of corneal
      astigmatism, many authors have made suggestions for the modification of "Javal's
      Rule." These modifications, rather than being based on clinical data, have been
      based on concepts of mechanisms that can contribute to refractive astigmatism,
      but in most cases the modifications do nothing more than complicate the process
      of predicting refractive astigmatism, with the result that only Javal's original
      rule is widely used. In this paper, keratometric and refractive data for three
      groups of subjects are used to demonstrate that a simplified version of Javal's
      rule is more effective in predicting refractive astigmatism than is Javal's rule
      itself.

PMID- 3377065
TI  - Evaluating soft contact lens quality: a manufacturer's perspective.
AB  - This study was designed to compare quality control between six aphakic contact
      lens brands. The methodology eliminates the sampling and experimental variables
      of previous studies. The lenses were all purchased new at +13.00 D power, with
      the same number of lenses and distribution of manufacturing batch/lots per brand.
      We measured or assessed 120 study lenses (20 per brand) for diameter, front
      sagittal height, power and image quality, center thickness, surface and edge
      quality, and edge design. The base curve radius was calculated accurately using
      lens cross-sectioning techniques. The reproducibility of measured lens parameters
      (precision) and conformance to label claims (accuracy) were tabulated separately
      and the lens brands were ranked and grouped statistically. The tabulated results
      are represented graphically in one spread sheet where selected American National
      Standards Institute (ANSI) tolerances were used as a standard to which all lens
      brands were compared. Lens brands coded as Brand A and Brand B rated the highest
      using our criterion for ranking overall quality control.

PMID- 3377066
TI  - Posterior persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

PMID- 3377067
TI  - Optical absorbance changes induced by CCK-8 under limited O2 supply in isolated
      perfused rat pancreas.
AB  - Optical absorbance spectra were recorded simultaneously and continuously in the
      isolated rat pancreas arterially perfused at various flow rates. This was done to
      explain how optical absorbance changes corresponding to parallel reduction of
      cytochromes aa3, b, and cc1 were observed in perfused pancreas stimulated with
      high concentration of an exocrine secretagogue such as cholecystokinin-(26-33)
      (CCK-8). With perfusion flow rate between 1.5 and 3.0 ml/min, there were no
      optical absorbance changes corresponding to cytochrome reduction, but these
      optical absorbance changes occurred when the perfusion flow rate was decreased to
      1.0 ml/min. These optical absorbance changes were not observed during exocrine
      secretion stimulated by CCK-8 (30 pM, 100 pM, and 1 nM) at the perfusion flow
      rate of 3.0 ml/min. Transient but slight changes in optical absorbances, which
      correspond to reduction of cytochromes, were observed in the glands perfused at
      the flow rate of 2.0 ml/min when secretion was stimulated by 1 nM CCK-8. When the
      perfusion flow rate was decreased to 1.0-1.5 ml/min, these optical absorbance
      changes corresponding to reduction of cytochromes occurred in glands stimulated
      by CCK-8 (30 pM, 100 pM, and 1 nM). Optical absorbance changes corresponding to
      reduction of mitochondrial cytochromes during secretion stimulated with CCK-8 may
      indicate local hypoxia in the perfused organ.

PMID- 3377068
TI  - Neutral amino acid transport systems of microvillous membrane of human placenta.
AB  - Placental transport produces concentrations of amino acids in fetal blood greater
      than those of maternal blood. Competitive inhibition studies of zwitterionic
      amino acid transport in isolated vesicles from the microvillous (maternal facing)
      plasma membranes of syncytiotrophoblast defined three transport systems: 1) a
      sodium-dependent system that supports methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB)
      transport and has the characteristics of an A system; 2) a sodium-independent
      system with a high affinity for leucine and other amino acids with branched or
      aromatic side chains; and 3) a sodium-independent system with a preference for
      alanine as a substrate. The two sodium-independent systems could be further
      discriminated by marked specificity for trans stimulation with alanine or with
      leucine. System ASC, known to be present in whole placenta, and the neutral brush
      border or imino systems of other polarized epithelia were apparently absent.
      Kinetic characteristics of the A system make it the probable primary driving
      force for concentrative transfer of its substrate amino acids to the fetus.
      Characteristics of the high-affinity leucine system demonstrated that it is
      saturated by normal serum leucine concentrations. Regulation of either system has
      the potential to alter placental amino acid uptake and transfer to the fetus.

PMID- 3377069
TI  - Serotonin transport and fluidity in plasma membrane vesicles: effect of
      hyperoxia.
AB  - Plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from porcine pulmonary artery endothelial
      cells by a dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system. Specific carrier
      mediated transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into the vesicles was examined.
      Transport required a Na+ gradient (out greater than in) across the membrane, and
      accumulated 5-HT rapidly effluxed out of the vesicles when the ionophore
      gramicidin was added. Transport was inhibited by the antidepressant imipramine. 5
      HT transport into plasma membrane vesicles appeared saturable and exhibited
      Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km 7.4 microM, maximal velocity 217 pmol.min-1.mg
      membrane protein-1). A 24-h exposure to 95% O2 at 1 atmosphere absolute resulted
      in a 21% decrease (P less than 0.05) in specific 5-HT transport by plasma
      membrane vesicles. Hyperoxia also caused a significant (P less than 0.01)
      decrease in plasma membrane fluidity, as measured with the fluorescence probe 1,6
      diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. These results indicate that pulmonary artery
      endothelial cell plasma membrane vesicles provide a good model for studying 5-HT
      transport activity in vitro. Hyperoxia affects plasma membrane fluidity and 5-HT
      transport in pulmonary artery endothelial cells, suggesting a possible cause-and
      effect relationship between the two.

PMID- 3377071
TI  - Effect of extracellular acidosis on 45Ca uptake in isolated hypoxic proximal
      tubules.
AB  - Recent in vitro studies have suggested that the presence of extracellular
      acidosis is protective against the development of oxygen-deprivation injury in
      several tissues. Because cellular Ca accumulation after renal ischemia may
      represent a major pathogenic event leading to cellular damage, the purpose of the
      present study was to examine the effect of extracellular acidosis on 45Ca uptake
      and desaturation in normal and hypoxic isolated rat proximal tubules. At pH 7.4,
      an increase in 45Ca uptake was observed in proximal tubules after 30 min of
      hypoxia. In addition, 45Ca desaturation was increased significantly in hypoxic
      tubules at pH 7.4. The alterations in 45Ca uptake and desaturation in hypoxic
      tubules at pH 7.4 were accompanied by significant signs of cellular injury as
      assessed by the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released by the tubules at
      the end of the hypoxic period (22.5% above control tubules, P less than 0.01) as
      well as in morphological changes consistent with hypoxic cell injury. In
      contrast, when maintained at pH 6.9 throughout the study, no difference in 45Ca
      uptake or desaturation was observed between the control and hypoxic tubules; the
      hypoxic proximal tubules exhibited a smaller increase in LDH release (12.7% above
      control tubules) and did not develop the morphological changes observed at pH
      7.4. Thus, during hypoxia and reoxygenation at pH 7.4, the increased 45Ca uptake
      may contribute in part to cellular injury in rat proximal tubules.

PMID- 3377070
TI  - Influence of cytosolic pH on receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoorosomucoid.
AB  - Inhibitors of specific steps in the endocytosis of galactose-terminating
      glycoproteins (asialoglycoproteins) by cultured rat hepatocytes have been
      described (J. Cell Biol. 98: 375-381, 1984). In particular, substitution of K+
      for Na+ in the culture medium results in reduced delivery of ligand to lysosomes;
      ligand-receptor internalization, dissociation, and segregation remain normal. We
      have now demonstrated by direct microelectrode measurement that incubation of
      hepatocytes in K+-substituted medium results in a reduction of intracellular pH
      by greater than or equal to 0.5 U. In addition, we have shown that reduced
      intracellular pH in these cells produced by either direct (CO2 diffusion) or
      indirect (K+ substitution) acidification inhibits ligand delivery to lysosomes.
      Return of internalized ligand-receptor complex to the cell surface (diacytosis)
      is also inhibited by these manipulations. These studies suggest that
      intracellular pH may modulate specific steps involving vesicle translocation and
      fusion in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of asialoglycoproteins. Similar
      effects of direct acidification of hepatocytes by CO2 diffusion and indirect
      acidification by K+ substitution for Na+, on diacytosis and ligand delivery to
      lysosomes, suggest that K+ substitution may influence these events by altering
      intracellular pH.

PMID- 3377072
TI  - Bradykinin-induced vasoconstriction and thromboxane release in perfused human
      placenta.
AB  - This investigation was performed to study the effects of bradykinin on the human
      fetoplacental circulation. The artery to a single placental cotyledon was
      perfused with RPMI medium (0.764 ml/min). Bradykinin caused a dose-related
      increase in vascular resistance. Because bradykinin is generally a vasodilator,
      we investigated the possibility that bradykinin-induced vasoconstriction was due
      to interactions with other pressor systems. Bradykinin and 9,11-dideoxy-9 alpha,
      11 alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2 alpha (a stable thromboxane agonist) caused
      a dose-related increase in perfusion pressure. The bradykinin response was not
      mediated by angiotensin II, because bradykinin-induced vasoconstriction was not
      inhibited by saralasin, a competitive angiotensin antagonist. Bradykinin
      increased thromboxane B2 production by 62.0%. Prostaglandin E2 levels were
      increased by 86.7%, but prostaglandin E2 did not affect fetoplacental vascular
      resistance. Angiotensin II did not stimulate thromboxane B2 production and caused
      only a slight increase in prostaglandin E2. Indomethacin decreased the pressor
      response to angiotensin II. SQ29548, a specific thromboxane antagonist, caused a
      61.6% inhibition of the bradykinin pressor response but did not change
      angiotensin II responsiveness. The data demonstrate that thromboxane is an
      important mediator of bradykinin-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated
      perfused human placenta.

PMID- 3377073
TI  - Slow to fast alterations in skeletal muscle fibers caused by clenbuterol, a beta
      2-receptor agonist.
AB  - Chronic treatment of rats with clenbuterol, a beta 2-receptor agonist (8-12 wk),
      caused hypertrophy of histochemically identified fast- but not slow-twitch fibers
      within the soleus, while the mean areas of both fiber types were increased in the
      extensor digitorum longus (EDL). In contrast, treatment with the beta 2-receptor
      antagonist, butoxamine, reduced fast-twitch fiber size in both muscles. In the
      solei and to a lesser extent in the EDLs, the ratio of the number of fast- to
      slow-twitch fibers was increased by clenbuterol, while the opposite was observed
      with butoxamine. The muscle fiber hypertrophy observed in the EDL was accompanied
      by parallel increases in maximal tetanic tension and muscle cross-sectional area,
      while in the solei, progressive increases in rates of force development and
      relaxation toward values typical of fast-twitch muscles were also observed. Our
      results suggest a role of beta 2-receptors in regulating muscle fiber type
      composition as well as growth.

PMID- 3377074
TI  - Metabolism of intact parathyroid hormone in isolated perfused rat liver and
      kidney.
AB  - Metabolism of synthetic human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 2 X 10(-10) to 5 X 10(-9)
      M was studied in 16 isolated perfused rat kidneys and 12 isolated perfused rat
      livers. Organ clearances were measured by assays specific for intact PTH.
      Production of fragments was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) and radioimmunoassays specific for NH2-terminal, midmolecule, and COOH
      terminal PTH. The livers cleared intact PTH and NH2-terminal immunoreactive PTH
      (iPTH) at the same rate. Midmolecule iPTH was cleared significantly (P less than
      0.001) slower, as was COOH-terminal iPTH (P less than 0.005), and HPLC studies
      demonstrated production of midmolecule/COOH-terminal PTH fragments, while no NH2
      terminal fragments were found. Clearance in the kidneys of intact PTH and of NH2
      terminal, midmolecule, and COOH-terminal iPTH was not significantly different
      from clearance of inulin. No clearance of intact PTH was found in nonfiltering
      kidneys. HPLC studies did not demonstrate release of any PTH fragments from the
      kidneys. In conclusion, the liver was not selective for intact PTH, and
      differential hepatic clearance, possibly together with direct glandular
      secretion, may contribute to the predominance of COOH-terminal PTH fragments in
      plasma.

PMID- 3377075
TI  - Abnormalities in systemic norepinephrine kinetics in human congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - A high venous plasma norepinephrine (NE) level is a predictor of poor prognosis
      in congestive heart failure (CHF). To evaluate the mechanisms responsible for the
      high plasma NE in CHF, NE kinetics were studied in 19 patients with CHF and 18
      normal subjects during a 90-min steady-state intravenous infusion of tracer
      [3H]NE of high specific activity. Venous plasma NE between 70 and 90 min of
      infusion was significantly higher in the CHF patients (CHF, 634, and normal, 247
      pg/ml; P less than 0.001). The following equations were used: NE clearance =
      [3H]NE infusion rate (dpm/min)/plasma [3H]NE (dpm/l), and NE spillover = [3H]NE
      infusion rate (dpm/min)/[3H]NE specific activity (dpm/nmol). In CHF, a decreased
      clearance and an increased spillover contributed nearly equally to the high
      plasma NE (NE clearance: CHF, 0.99; normal, 1.48 l.min-1.m-2; P less than 0.001;
      NE spillover: CHF, 3.60; normal, 2.08 nmol.min-1.m-2; P less than 0.001). These
      data document that both NE clearance and NE spillover are abnormal in CHF, and
      they raise the new possibility that the factors responsible for the reduced NE
      clearance could be related to the factors linking a high plasma NE with early
      mortality.

PMID- 3377077
TI  - Estimating false-positive and false-negative errors in analyses of hormonal
      pulsatility.
AB  - Previous studies evaluating computer algorithms for endocrine pulse detection
      have estimated the rate of false-positive pulses in series of purely random
      variations (i.e., "noise") and have determined pulse-detection criteria
      associated with low levels of such false-positive rates. The present study
      investigates the relationship between the false-positive rate and the sizes of
      the false-positive and false-negative errors on pulse frequency for series
      including both pulses and noise. The algorithm used (ULTRA) proceeds by
      eliminating all peaks of concentration for which either the increment or the
      decrement does not exceed a threshold expressed in multiples of the local intra
      assay coefficient of variation. A total of 336 computer-generated series was
      analyzed using thresholds of two and three coefficients of variation. The effects
      of noise level, pulse frequency, pulse amplitude, and presence of a base-line
      variation on the sizes of the false-positive and false-negative errors were
      evaluated. The false-positive rate in noise series exceeded the false-positive
      rate by a 4- to 10-fold factor in series including at least 8 pulses/100 samples.
      When pulse frequency increased, the false-positive error decreased, but the false
      negative error increased. In series with more than 8 pulses/100 samples, the use
      of thresholds aimed at maintaining the false-positive rate in noise series below
      1% resulted in a false-negative error in excess of 20%. In conclusion, for
      hormonal profiles that include 8 or more pulses/100 samples, the use of pulse
      detection criteria tailored to minimize the false-positive rate in noise series
      may result in an underestimation of pulse frequency.

PMID- 3377078
TI  - Cortisol production and clearance in sheep.

PMID- 3377076
TI  - Microtubule and plasmalemmal reorganization: acute response to estrogen.
AB  - The acute ultrastructural effects of estrogen in endometrial epithelial cells
      were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with special
      reference to the microtubule (MT) apparatus and the luminal surface.
      Ovariectomized rats anesthetized with pentobarbitol sodium were injected
      intravenously with estradiol-17 beta (E2 beta), 0.5 micrograms/100 g body wt. At
      intervals from approximately 30 s to 30 min thereafter, 70-80 nm cross sections
      of a uterine horn were prepared for TEM. In placebo controls, cytoplasmic MT were
      conspicuous in length and number, whereas only a minimal population of short
      microvilli (MV) was evident. In contrast, the specimens subjected to E2 beta for
      only 35 s showed a significant decrease in MT number and length, with virtually
      complete depletion of these organelles by approximately 80 s. Concomitantly, the
      luminal MV exhibited striking enhancement in length and density. Thereafter,
      these rapid and reciprocal alterations of MT and MV underwent inversion. Thus MT
      structures began to reappear within 2 min, increasing progressively so that by 30
      min their numbers were again substantial, although lengths remained diminished.
      During the same interval, the initial surge of luminal MV gradually subsided, to
      near-control appearance by 30 min. These coordinate, reciprocal, and biphasic
      responses are consistent with biochemical evidences of abrupt membrane
      perturbation associated with interception of estrogen at its cellular targets.
      The resultant modification of the intracellular environment may contribute to
      limited reorganization of cellular architecture and propagation of the hormonal
      signal.

PMID- 3377080
TI  - Effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide on contractile motility of guinea pig
      common bile duct.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)-induced contraction and [3H]acetylcholine
      ([3H]-ACh) release from the longitudinal muscle strip of the guinea pig common
      bile duct were studied by a standard organ bath method and superfusion system.
      CCK-8 (10(-7) M) caused a biphasic contraction, a rapid phasic contraction
      followed by a fading tonic contraction. Hexamethonium, propranolol, and
      phentolamine had no effects on CCK-8-evoked contraction. Atropine or tetrodotoxin
      significantly reduced CCK-8-evoked initial phasic contraction and produced a
      rightward shift of the dose-response curve for CCK-8 (10(-10)-3 x 10(-7) M). CCK
      8 provoked a significant [3H]ACh release in a dose-dependent manner, which was
      almost completely abolished by tetrodotoxin or Ca2+-free medium. These results
      suggest that CCK-8 receptors are present not only on the smooth muscle cells but
      also on the intramural cholinergic nerve cell bodies of the guinea pig common
      bile duct.

PMID- 3377079
TI  - Quinine decreases hepatocyte transmembrane potential and inhibits amino acid
      transport.
AB  - Effects of L-alanine, 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), and quinine on
      mouse hepatocyte transmembrane potential (Vm) are compared with effects of
      quinine on MeAIB transport into isolated mouse hepatocytes in primary monolayer
      culture. In liver slices, L-alanine (10 mM) decreased Vm 6 +/- 0.4 mV from
      control Vm (-37 +/- 0.2 mV). With L-alanine still present, Vm repolarized and
      stabilized at Vm of -2 +/- 0.5 mV greater than control Vm. Quinine (1 mM)
      decreased Vm reversibly by 7 +/- 0.9 mV. Depolarization was 11 +/- 1.5 mV when L
      alanine and quinine were added together, but now Vm did not repolarize. Transient
      depolarization also resulted from addition of either L-alanine or MeAIB to
      isolated hepatocytes in primary culture. Moreover, quinine (1 mM) inhibited
      steady-state MeAIB uptake by 91%. Quinine decreased Vmax for MeAIB transport from
      9.0 +/- 1.0 to 4.8 +/- 1.9 nmol MeAIB.mg protein-1.4 min-1, but it did not change
      Km of 0.60 mM. Quinine inhibition of MeAIB transport was reversible. Quinine also
      increased hepatocyte steady-state volume from 3.2 +/- 0.8 to 4.9 +/- 1.2
      microliter/mg protein. Thus quinine may inhibit Na+-amino acid cotransport by
      blocking conductive K+ channels, thereby decreasing Vm and the transmembrane
      electrochemical Na+ gradient, and it may deplete the intracellular amino acid
      pool by disrupting hepatocyte volume regulation.

PMID- 3377081
TI  - Intestinal transport and metabolism of oxidized ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbic
      acid).
AB  - The transport and metabolic properties of dehydroascorbic acid have been
      evaluated in the small intestine of one ascorbic acid-dependent animal species
      (guinea pig) and one ascorbic acid-synthesizing animal species (rat). Loops of
      guinea pig jejunum in vitro brought about net transepithelial absorption of L
      [14C]dehydroascorbic acid with most of the absorbed substrate appearing in the
      reduced form (ascorbic acid). Saturation of brush-border transport occurs at a
      lower concentration than saturation of the enzymatic reduction. Rat intestine did
      not bring about net transepithelial transport. The intestines of both guinea pigs
      and rats took up substantial dehydroascorbic acid from the serosal bathing
      solution, with the majority appearing in the mucosa as ascorbic acid. It is
      proposed that in guinea pig intestinal mucosa, dehydroascorbic acid reductase has
      a nutritional role in extracting the vitamin from chyme and reducing it for
      subsequent use in the body. The intestines of both guinea pig and rat appear to
      take up dehydroascorbic acid across the basolateral surface and reduce it, thus
      maintaining a substantial endogenous level of ascorbic acid in the mucosa. The
      transport and metabolic properties described might play an important role as a
      protective antioxidant mechanism in intestinal mucosa.

PMID- 3377082
TI  - Primary culture of PYY cells from canine colon.
AB  - In the present study we report methods for the isolation and culture of colonic
      peptide YY (PYY) cells and have tested the effects of sodium oleate and other
      chemotransmitters on PYY release. Enzyme-dispersed canine colonic mucosa cells
      were separated by a Beckman elutriation rotor, and the enriched PYY fraction was
      cultured on type I collagen in full growth medium. After 42-48 h of culture PYY
      cells had selectively adhered to the collagen. Forty to 45% of the adherent cells
      contained PYY (5.5 +/- 0.5 pmol/24-mm well), and 10-15% of the cells contained
      glucagon-like immunoactivity (GL29-LI; 0.95 pmol/24-mm well). The effect of
      various secretagogues on PYY release from these cultures was monitored. Sodium
      oleate stimulated PYY release in a time-dependent fashion over a dose range from
      10 microM to 10 mM. However, sodium oleate at a dose of 100 mM produced
      disproportionately large PYY release. During a 2-h incubation 5.1% of the total
      cell content of PYY was released in response to 0.1 mM sodium oleate compared
      with basal release of 1.1%. At doses less than 10 mM sodium oleate did not
      release GL29-LI, whereas concentrations of 10 and 100 mM resulted in marked GL29
      LI release. These findings suggest that lower concentrations of sodium oleate
      selectively release PYY, whereas higher concentrations nonselectively induce
      peptide release probably by effects on membrane stability. We also found that
      bombesin, epinephrine, and forskolin, but not carbachol, produced time- and dose
      dependent release of PYY from these cultures.

PMID- 3377083
TI  - Role of pancreatic enzymes on release of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in response
      to fat.
AB  - In dogs prepared with either pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) or chronic pancreatic
      fistula (PF), we investigated the effect of pancreatic enzymes on release of
      cholecystokinin (CCK) in response to corn oil in the upper small intestine. In
      control dogs without PDL, intraduodenal administration of corn oil (Lipomul
      containing 15 mmol of triglyceride) resulted in a marked and sharp increase in
      plasma CCK concentration during the 1st h, which then decreased during the
      following 1.5 h. In PDL dogs, on the other hand, no immediate increase occurred
      during the 1st 45 min after which a modest but gradual increase occurred in
      plasma CCK concentration during the following 2 h. Likewise, plasma CCK
      concentration increased significantly when Lipomul predigested with pancreatic
      enzymes or oleic acid was administered to PDL dogs. The increase was comparable
      to the response to Lipomul alone in control dogs. The infusion of Lipomul
      resulted in similar responses of plasma CCK in PF dogs as were found in PDL dogs
      when pancreatic juice was diverted to the exterior from the duodenum. The
      increases in plasma CCK paralleled the pancreatic protein secretion, and a
      significant correlation was found between plasma CCK concentration and the
      protein output. The present observations indicate that release of endogenous CCK
      by fat from the upper small intestine depends on an adequate digestion of neutral
      fat by pancreatic enzymes. Thus pancreatic enzymes play an important role on
      release of CCK in response to a neutral fat.

PMID- 3377084
TI  - Physiological measurement of luminal stirring in perfused rat jejunum.
AB  - Poor stirring of intestinal contents yields a preepithelial diffusion barrier
      that is thought to be the rate-limiting step in absorption of many compounds. In
      many previous studies, the resistance of this barrier is equal to an unstirred
      water layer of 300-800 micron. Using three probes, CO, glucose, and
      [14C]warfarin, we measured the preepithelial resistance in a 30-cm segment in
      rats that were 1) conscious, 2) anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, or 3)
      anesthetized and laparotomized. Measurements with each of the probes showed that
      the maximal preepithelial resistance in conscious rats was equivalent to an
      unstirred layer of only approximately 100 micron. Anesthesia roughly doubled this
      resistance, and anesthesia and laparotomy caused a sixfold increase (unstirred
      layer of approximately 600 micron). We conclude that the luminal stirring is much
      more efficient than previously has been appreciated. The very thick jejunal
      unstirred layers reported previously (300-800 micron) reflect the results of
      studies performed under nonphysiological conditions or studies employing
      inappropriate techniques to measure luminal stirring.

PMID- 3377085
TI  - Ontogenesis of intestinal taurine transport: evidence for a beta-carrier in
      developing rat jejunum.
AB  - Taurine, a sulfur-containing beta-amino acid, may be conditionally essential
      during development. However, the existence of a carrier system for beta-amino
      acids has not been demonstrated in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from
      adult rat jejunum. We studied the uptake of [3H]taurine in BBMV prepared from the
      jejunum of developing and adult rats using a cation-precipitation technique.
      Uptake of 10 microM [3H]taurine by adult BBMV was slightly enhanced in the
      presence of an inwardly directed 100 mM Na+ gradient compared with a K+ gradient,
      and there was no intravesicular accumulation of isotope above the equilibrium
      concentration ("overshoot"). In contrast, taurine transport by BBMV from 10-day
      old rat pups was markedly accelerated in the presence of a Na+ gradient compared
      with a K+ gradient and a twofold overshoot was observed. Na+-dependent taurine
      uptake was inhibited by the structural analogues hypotaurine and beta-alanine but
      not by alpha-alanine or glutamine, which are amino acids served by other
      transport systems. By computer analysis, Na+-dependent taurine uptake (2-1,000
      microM) was saturable with an apparent Km of 74.80 +/- 11.87 microM and a Vmax of
      53.55 +/- 2.76 pmol.mg protein-1.min-1. With increasing postnatal age, there was
      a marked decrease in the initial rate and peak intravesicular accumulation of
      taurine with disappearance of the overshoot by 21 days of age. We conclude 1) a
      Na+-dependent carrier mechanism for taurine transport is present in the brush
      border membrane of suckling rat jejunum and 2) the activity of this carrier
      decreases after weaning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377087
TI  - Man-made mass death and changing concepts of self.

PMID- 3377086
TI  - Effects of serotonin on Na+-H+ exchange and intracellular calcium in isolated
      chicken enterocytes.
AB  - The effects of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on Na absorption and
      intracellular free Ca (Cai) in isolated chicken enterocytes was examined. The
      rate of initial 22Na uptake was inhibited by 50% after 90 s of stimulation with 5
      HT (10(-5) M), an effect that was not additive with amiloride (10(-3) M) and was
      transient (less than 10 min). 5-HT similarly decreased intracellular pH (pHi) in
      cells loaded with the pH indicator carboxyfluorescein, an effect that was also
      transient, not additive with amiloride, and Na dependent. The ED50 of this effect
      was approximately 10(-8) M. 5-HT also stimulated a transient increase in Cai as
      determined by quin2 fluorescence. A maximal increase of 60 nM occurred
      significantly before the peak change in pHi, but the total duration of response
      was similar in each case. In the absence of extracellular Ca, the 5-HT effects on
      pHi and Cai still persisted. In cells loaded with the Ca-buffering agent MAPTAM,
      the 5-HT (10(-5) M) inhibitory effect of 22Na influx was partially inhibited. We
      conclude that 5-HT directly inhibits Na absorption by isolated enterocytes by
      releasing endogenous Ca, which subsequently causes an inhibition of amiloride
      sensitive Na+-H+ exchange.

PMID- 3377088
TI  - The language of psychoanalysis.

PMID- 3377089
TI  - Understanding ethnicity in psychotherapy with Hispanic patients.

PMID- 3377091
TI  - Growing up in chaos: the dissociative response.

PMID- 3377090
TI  - Countertransference envy toward the religious patient.
AB  - Four illustrations have been presented which demonstrate the uses and
      interpretations of envy in countertransference reactions to religious patients.
      To be sure, envy reactions to any patient are significant, whether they simply
      distort the therapist's perception or contribute to a deeper understanding of the
      patient. In the case of the religious patient, envy reactions in the therapist
      may serve as an additional instrumentality for under-standing the ways in which
      the dynamic determinants of religious behavior and metaphor become enmeshed in
      and also transform the pathology of the patient as well as the therapeutic
      process itself. Both the constructive and destructive object relational
      implications of envy must be borne in mind by the therapist in order to
      adequately explore the range of reciprocating forces between therapist and
      patient. Primitive mechanisms such as projective identification and psychotic
      transference are particularly prone to evoke envy reactions of surprising
      intensities, yet an empathic attitude will usually enable the therapist to
      differentiate the true source of his envy as he more carefully comprehends the
      quality of object relational and dynamic needs such envy serves.

PMID- 3377092
TI  - Guinevere's quest: a Jungian viewpoint.

PMID- 3377093
TI  - The effects of processing techniques on the mechanical properties of bone
      anterior cruciate ligament-bone allografts. An experimental study in goats.
AB  - There has been a growing interest in the use of allografts as ACL substitutes.
      Allografts are often freeze dried to increase shelf storage time and sterilized
      with ethylene oxide. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a
      specific ethylene oxide sterilization procedure and freeze drying process on the
      initial mechanical properties of femur-ACL-tibia preparations. Twelve knees
      (stifle joints) from six mature goats were divided into two groups (one knee of
      pair to each group). Knees were cleaned of all soft tissue except for the
      anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, and collateral ligaments. Group 1 was
      sterilized with ethylene oxide (simulating clean procurement) then freeze dried.
      Group 2 was freeze dried only (simulating sterile procurement). The knees were
      rehydrated and then tested in tension to failure to determine their structural
      mechanical properties. The ethylene oxide-freeze dried specimens (Group 1) had a
      mean maximum load before failure of 2059 +/- 273 newtons (N) (+/- SE) which was
      not statistically different than the maximum load of the freeze dried specimens
      (Group 2) of 2023 +/- 214 N. The average strength of Group 1 and 2 combined was
      not significantly different than a third group of 12 normal femur-ACL-tibia
      controls which had an average maximum force of 2403 +/- 133 N. No significant
      differences between the groups were observed for stiffness, energy to maximum
      strength, or elongation to maximum force. It appears the freeze dry processing,
      with or without ethylene oxide sterilization, using the procedure we used, has,
      at most, a small effect on the initial mechanical properties of the
      preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377094
TI  - Muscular coactivation. The role of the antagonist musculature in maintaining knee
      stability.
AB  - The objective of this study was to quantify the coactivation patterns of the knee
      flexor and extensor muscles as part of continued efforts to identify the role of
      the antagonist muscles in maintaining joint stability. The simultaneous EMG from
      the flexor and extensor muscles of the knee were recorded during maximal effort,
      slow isokinetic contractions (15 deg/sec) on the plane parallel to the ground to
      eliminate the effect of gravity. The processed EMG from the antagonist muscle was
      normalized with respect to its EMG as agonist at maximal effort for each joint
      angle. The plots of normalized antagonist EMG versus joint angle for each muscle
      group were shown to relate inversely to their moment arm variations over the
      joint range of motion. Additional calculations demonstrated that the antagonist
      exerts nearly constant opposing torque throughout joint range of motion.
      Comparison of data recorded from normal healthy subjects with that of high
      performance athletes with hypertrophied quadriceps demonstrated strong inhibitory
      effects on the hamstrings coactivations. Athletes who routinely exercise their
      hamstrings, however, had a coactivation response similar to that of normal
      subjects. We concluded that coactivation of the antagonist is necessary to aid
      the ligaments in maintaining joint stability, equalizing the articular surface
      pressure distribution, and regulating the joint's mechanical impedance. The
      reduced coactivation pattern of the unexercised antagonist to a hypertrophied
      muscle increases the risk of ligamentous damage, as well as demonstrates the
      adaptive properties of the antagonist muscle in response to exercise. It was also
      concluded that reduced risk of knee injuries in high performance athletes with
      muscular imbalance could result from complementary resistive exercise of the
      antagonist muscle.

PMID- 3377096
TI  - Kinematic analysis of human upper extremity movements in boxing.
AB  - Using two synchronized cameras, four experienced boxers were filmed while they
      threw a series of punches at a practice bag. Three-dimensional (3D) coordinates
      of each boxer's shoulder, elbow, wrist, and glove were used to estimate linear
      and angular kinematics of the upper extremity. Average velocities at contact
      ranged from 5.9 to 8.2 m/s with peak velocities of 6.6 to 12.5 m/s reached 8 to
      21 ms prior to hand/grove contact with the bag. Significant differences in
      shoulder and wrist velocitie, elbow angle excursions, and elbow angular
      velocities were seen when comparing hooks and jabs. Few differences were evident
      when comparing the kinematics of gloved versus bare-handed punches. Results are
      significant in providing kinematic data characteristic of experienced performers,
      which may be used in a kinetic model of punch impact and its relationship to
      potential injury mechanisms.

PMID- 3377095
TI  - The role of warmup in muscular injury prevention.
AB  - This study is an attempt to provide biomechanical support for the athletic
      practice of warming up prior to an exercise task to reduce the incidence of
      injury. Tears in isometrically preconditioned (stimulated before stretching)
      muscle were compared to tears in control (nonstimulated) muscle by examining four
      parameters: 1) force and 2) change of length required to tear the muscle, 3) site
      of failure, and 4) length-tension deformation. The tibialis anterior (TA), the
      extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and flexor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from
      both hindlimbs of rabbits comprised our experimental model. Isometrically
      preconditioned TA (P less than 0.001), EDL (P less than 0.005), and FDL (P less
      than 0.01) muscles required more force to fail than their contralateral controls.
      Preconditioned TA (P less than 0.05), EDL (P less than 0.001), and FDL (P less
      than 0.01) muscles also stretched to a greater length from rest before failing
      than their nonpreconditioned controls. The site of failure in all of the muscles
      was the musculotendinous junction; thus, the site of failure was not altered by
      condition. The length-tension deformation curves for all three muscle types
      showed that in every case the preconditioned muscles attained a lesser force at
      each given increase in length before failure, showing a relative increase in
      elasticity, although only the EDL showed a statistically significant difference.
      From our data, it may be inferred that physiologic warming (isometric
      preconditioning) is of benefit in preventing muscular injury by increasing the
      and length to failure and elasticity of the muscle-tendon unit.

PMID- 3377097
TI  - The role of tissue pressure measurement in diagnosing chronic anterior
      compartment syndrome.
AB  - Pressure studies were performed in 55 patients (24 with chronic anterior leg pain
      and 31 asymptomatic recreational athletes). Pressure measurements were recorded
      at rest, during, and after exercise, using the slit catheter system. Seventeen of
      the twenty-four patients with symptomatic anterior leg pain were diagnosed on the
      basis of tissue pressure studies as having chronic exertional compartment
      syndrome. The increased tissue pressures at rest and after exercise are most
      helpful in distinguishing those patients likely to benefit from a surgical
      fasciotomy.

PMID- 3377099
TI  - The effect of exercise and anabolic steroids on the mechanical properties and
      crimp morphology of the rat tendon.
AB  - The administration of anabolic steroids is believed to be widespread among
      athletes, but convincing evidence relating to the beneficial effect of such
      compounds on collagenous structures of the locomotor system is not available.
      Since it has not been possible to analyze relevant human tissue, an animal model
      was used to investigate the change in particular mechanical and morphological
      properties of rat tendon after a period of controlled exercise, with or without
      anabolic steroid supplementation. A significant difference (P less than 0.001)
      was found between the crimp angles and lengths of collagen fibrils and
      theoretical toe limit strains of the four groups under study. No other
      significant differences (P greater than 0.05) were observed. Controlled exercise
      and anabolic steroid administration produced the greatest change in crimp
      parameters and the largest theoretical toe limit strain. This implies that muscle
      contraction will be greater for a given stress and thus alter the normal
      biomechanics of limb movement. Further studies are required to determine more
      definitively the effects of anabolic steroids on a connective tissue such as
      tendon.

PMID- 3377098
TI  - An in vivo analysis of the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the
      quadriceps and hamstrings on anterior cruciate ligament deformation.
AB  - Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TEMS) has been advocated as a
      method to rehabilitate the postoperative ACL repaired/reconstructed lower
      extremity. Isolated quadriceps contraction can potentially disrupt the ACL
      repair/reconstruction; to minimize this risk simultaneous quadriceps and
      hamstring stimulation has been used. This study measured the in vivo deformation
      of the ACL during TEMS of the quadriceps and hamstrings. Six legs in four Rhesus
      monkeys were immobilized in 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion in
      neutral rotation using a Hoffman frame and pins placed through the proximal femur
      and distal tibia. The hamstrings and quadriceps muscles were stimulated with a
      dual channel electrical stimulator individually and simultaneously at each point
      of flexion, and ACL deformation was measured using a Hall effect device placed on
      the anterior medial fibers of the ACL. The following conclusions were made: 1)
      Isolated quadriceps contraction produces ACL elongation at 0 degrees and 45
      degrees of knee flexion and produces ACL shortening at 90 degrees of knee
      flexion. 2) Isolated hamstrings contraction produces ACL shortening at 45 degrees
      and 90 degrees of knee flexion and negligible effects at full knee extension. 3)
      It is not possible to simultaneously contract the quadriceps and hamstrings using
      separate stimulator pads for each muscle group. 4) At 45 degrees of knee flexion
      when the quadriceps muscles are stimulated before the hamstring muscles and
      simultaneous contraction of both is then sustained, ACL lengthening occurs. 5)
      When the hamstring muscles are fired before the quadriceps muscles and
      simultaneous contraction of both is sustained, ACL shortening occurs.

PMID- 3377100
TI  - Tibial plateau fractures in alpine skiing.
AB  - Tibial plateau fractures are uncommon in sports. Between 1977 and 1986, the
      authors studied 18 skiers who suffered tibial plateau fractures. Fracture
      patterns were diverse and displacement minimal. Hyperextension-valgus
      displacement caused compression fracture of the anterolateral tibial plateau in a
      characteristic form in 44%. Detection of these fractures is difficult by clinical
      and plain radiograph assessment, thus diagnosis may require acute awareness and
      special imaging tests. Although tibial plateau fractures are uncommon in skiers,
      early detection and treatment is important for best result in this sports
      population.

PMID- 3377101
TI  - Diagnosis of exercise-induced pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.
AB  - Ninety-eight patients with chronic exercise-induced pain in the anterior
      compartment of the lower leg underwent extensive clinical and laboratory
      investigations to establish the diagnosis. They all were referred because of a
      putative chronic compartment syndrome (CCS). Intramuscular pressure was recorded
      bilaterally during exercise in the anterior tibial muscle in all of them.
      Conduction-velocity recordings of the deep and superficial peroneal nerves were
      performed in 29 patients. Other investigations included radiography,
      plethysmography, and scintigraphy. CCS was diagnosed in 26 of the 98 patients.
      Other diagnoses included periostitis in 41 patients, compression of the
      superficial peroneal nerve in 13, and miscellaneous other diagnoses in 18. CCS
      seems to be an uncommon reason for anterior pain in the lower legs.

PMID- 3377102
TI  - Assessment of quadriceps/hamstring strength, knee ligament stability, functional
      and sports activity levels five years after anterior cruciate ligament
      reconstruction.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine individuals 5 years after ACL
      reconstruction and analyze changes involving strength, stability, function, and
      sports activities. Nineteen males and six females, mean age = 31.4 +/- 7.31
      years, participated in this study. Fifteen subjects had received extraarticular
      and ten subjects had received intraarticular ACL reconstructions. Subjects
      completed a 100 point subjective functional activity questionnaire and a sports
      participation survey. Knee ligament stability was assessed during an objective
      knee examination. Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength were tested
      at 240 and 120 deg/sec using the Cybex II dynamometer. Anterolateral rotatory
      instability and positive Lachman were elicited on the operated leg for 80% of the
      subjects. No significant relationship was found between objective instability and
      the functional activity score. For the intraarticular group, a significant
      correlation (P less than 0.05) was found between increased quadriceps and
      hamstring strength on the operated leg and return to functional activities.
      Subjects' functional activity score was positively correlated (P less than 0.001)
      with their ability to participate in sports. Subjects participating in sports
      involving cutting and twisting motions were less successful in returning to their
      preinjury participation levels and reported more subjective complaints of pain,
      swelling, and/or instability. These results indicate that long-term progressive
      rehabilitation emphasizing increased quadriceps and hamstring strength to
      approximate the nonoperated leg may enhance successful return to functional and
      sports activities after ACL reconstruction.

PMID- 3377103
TI  - A study of urban bicycling accidents.
AB  - This study was undertaken because of the large number of bicycle accident victims
      treated in our emergency room. Its aim was to assess the type, frequency, and
      mechanism of occurrence of bicycle accidents as well as characterization of the
      type of injuries sustained and the expense incurred by such accidents. One
      hundred seventy-two patients injured over a 10 month period were studied. The
      upper extremity was found to be particularly at risk of injury. Fractures
      accounted for 20% of all injuries. The most common accident mechanisms were being
      struck by a motor vehicle, falling from a bicycle, or being struck by a bicycle.
      Eleven percent of the patients studied were pedestrians. Increasing pedestrian
      cyclist awareness and modification of currently used protective gloves are
      proposed to prevent injuries associated with urban cycling.

PMID- 3377104
TI  - Atypical healed stress fracture of the fibula masquerading as chronic
      osteomyelitis. A case report of magnetic resonance distinction.

PMID- 3377105
TI  - "Effort" thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter's syndrome) secondary to martial arts
      training.

PMID- 3377106
TI  - Synovial hemangioma of the meniscal wall simulating a meniscal cyst. A case
      report.

PMID- 3377107
TI  - "Incidence of injuries in high school track and field athletes and its relation
      to performance ability".

PMID- 3377108
TI  - Evaluation of the results of extensor mechanism reconstruction.
AB  - One hundred sixteen patients underwent extensor mechanism reconstruction. Ninety
      four returned at followup (3 to 11 years after surgery). Twenty-two patients were
      lost to followup. Subjectively, 74% of the patients had either an excellent or
      good result and 26% either a fair or poor result. We found retrospectively, that
      the patients with either fair or poor results had a stable or only mildly
      unstable patella preoperatively.

PMID- 3377110
TI  - Silicone lymphadenopathy associated with augmentation mammaplasty. Morphologic
      features of nine cases.
AB  - Silicone lymphadenopathy (SL)--defined as the presence of silicone in a lymph
      node--is a rare side effect of mammary augmentation either by injection of liquid
      silicone or by placement of a bag-gel prosthesis. Nine new cases in eight
      patients are herein reported and compared with six previously well-documented
      cases. The available data showed that SL was frequently detected as an incidental
      finding of no clinical significance during mastectomy and nodal dissection for
      associated breast carcinoma (nine cases), but may present as a painful or
      nontender enlarged lymph node (six cases). The latter presentation was almost
      always associated with a history of injection of liquid silicone or rupture of
      the prosthesis. All or some of the following findings were present in an affected
      lymph node: coarse vacuoles, fine vacuoles, and multinucleated giant cells. All
      lymph nodes contained a variable amount of an unstained, nonbirefringent,
      refractile material that, in seven of our cases, was shown to contain elemental
      silicon by energy-dispersive x-ray elemental analysis. In 312 lymph nodes
      collected from 18 routine cases of breast carcinoma, coarse vacuoles probably
      representing fat were found in 107 lymph nodes (34%); focal fine vacuoles were
      found in one (0.3%), and a single multinucleated giant cell was found in one
      (0.3%). In conclusion, SL probably will be encountered more frequently when
      cancer-prone age is reached by the susceptible population. In most cases, it is
      an incidental finding of no clinical significance. However, the histologic
      diagnosis can be made by observing characteristic light-microscopic changes,
      which may be supplemented in doubtful cases by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.

PMID- 3377109
TI  - The Mumford procedure in athletes. An objective analysis of function.
AB  - No report in the English literature exists on objective muscle testing following
      the Mumford procedure (distal clavicular resection). Twenty-three athletes,
      including six at the professional level, were evaluated an average 3.7 years
      after the Mumford procedure was performed for degenerative changes after a Grade
      I or Grade II dislocation. All athletes were evaluated with an in depth
      questionnaire, physical examination, and radiographic study. Seventeen performed
      Cybex testing of both shoulders. All but one were satisfied with the surgery.
      Sixteen returned to their same level of sports activity, including five of the
      six professional athletes. The most common complaint of all those not achieving
      the previous level of sports was the inability to achieve their previous maximum
      bench press strength. All athletes demonstrated full motion; five exhibited
      painless crepitation at the acromioclavicular joint. Ten of the twenty-three
      exhibited increased horizontal clavicular motion. Radiographs demonstrated an
      average of 1.9 cm of bone resection, with varying amounts of ossification present
      between the remaining clavicle and acromion in eight athletes. The involved limb
      performed significantly more work than the sound limb in flexion (P = 0.0133) and
      internal rotation (P = 0.0575) at 300 deg/sec. The involved limb performed
      significantly more repetitions at 300 deg/sec than the sound limb in the
      extension plane (P = 0.0373). The sound limb was significantly stronger during
      extension (P = 0.0759) and flexion (P = 0.0063) at 60 deg/sec compared to the
      involved limb. The sound limb performed significantly more total repetitions at
      300 deg/sec in the abduction-abduction plane than the involved limb (P =
      0.0843).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377111
TI  - Efficacy and cost implications of the new cephalosporins. Proceedings of a
      symposium. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, August 21-22, 1987.

PMID- 3377112
TI  - Nonoperative interventional therapy in gallstone-associated acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 3377113
TI  - Sudden cardiac arrest in morbidly obese surgical patients unexplained after
      autopsy.
AB  - Sixty sudden and unexpected lethal cardiac arrests, with entirely negative
      findings on autopsy, were reported among 50,314 morbidly obese patients in the
      care of surgeons performing operations to achieve weight loss. This represented
      an extrapolated overall annual mortality rate of 65 deaths per 100,000 patients,
      about 40 times higher than the rate of unexplained cardiac arrests in a matched
      nonobese population. Eight sudden deaths occurred while waiting for obesity
      surgery and 22 had cardiac arrest within 10 days after the operation. Late
      postoperative deaths (more than 4 weeks postoperatively) occurred in 30
      instances. A possible marker of a predisposition for sudden, unexpected cardiac
      arrest was an electrocardiographic abnormality; namely, a Q-Tc interval prolonged
      to greater than 0.43 seconds. This feature, present in 29 of 38 tracings, denoted
      increased susceptibility to malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The perioperative
      clustering of arrests implicated nonspecific stresses incident to otherwise
      uneventful operations as triggers of lethal dysrhythmias in the absence of
      organic cardiac disease. Anoxemia after abdominal surgery is an added hazard.
      Length of postoperative survival among the late deaths was found to be unrelated
      to degree of initial obesity or to magnitude of weight loss. Patients who died in
      the late postoperative phase were still grossly obese (mean weight 114.2 kg).
      Cardiac weights in patients who died within 10 postoperative days (12 patients)
      or after an average of 103 days (20 patients) were the same (464 and 469 g,
      respectively), indicating that myocardial mass had remained intact. The data do
      not suggest nutritional depletion or lean tissue loss as plausible explanations
      for the cardiac arrests. Screening and postoperative monitoring for Q-T interval
      prolongation is indicated. Prophylactic beta-blockade in this vulnerable subset
      of the morbidly obese population may be instituted in anticipation of obesity
      surgery. The attendant physiologic stresses should be minimized by appropriate
      measures.

PMID- 3377114
TI  - Hemodynamic and morphologic alterations after experimental administration of
      protamine sulfate.
AB  - The hemodynamic, hematologic, and morphologic effects induced by protamine
      sulfate have been studied in 28 dogs divided into 6 groups. All of the groups
      were given heparin (3 mg/kg body weight) and Groups I, II, III, and IV were given
      protamine (5 mg/kg body weight). Group I (control group) was not subjected to
      extracorporeal circulation. The other groups had the following interventions:
      Group II, cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic clamp, hypothermia, or
      cardioplegia; Groups III and V, hypothermia of 25 degrees C, aortic clamping for
      25 minutes, administration of cardioplegic solution, and slow rewarming; and
      Groups IV and VI, the same as Groups III and V, but with rapid rewarming. After
      injection of protamine sulfate, there was a decrease in mean arterial pressure
      due to peripheral vasodilation and an increase in the mean pulmonary pressure due
      to increased pulmonary vascular resistance; marked diminution of the number of
      circulating platelets aside from the extracorporeal circulation; a decrease in
      the contractility of both ventricles with augmented right ventricular work and
      decreased cardiac output; and right ventricular edema in Groups I, II, III, and
      IV. These alterations were most evident in Groups III and IV.

PMID- 3377115
TI  - Thyroglossal duct cysts. A thirty year experience with emphasis on occurrence in
      older patients.
AB  - A total of 79 patients (39 female and 40 male) underwent the Sistruck procedure
      for thyroglossal duct cysts. Twenty-eight percent of the patients were over 50
      years of age and 10 percent were over 60. The age range was 16 months to 82
      years. Three patients had thyroidectomies, two of which were for carcinoma, along
      with resection of a thyroglossal duct cyst. Two patients, one diagnosed
      preoperatively by needle biopsy, had papillary carcinoma in thyroid tissue of the
      cyst wall. The length of time from cyst discovery to surgery was the same for
      patients over 10 years of age. We suggest needle biopsy of all neck masses and
      also elective operation in a patient of any age, once a diagnosis of thyroglossal
      duct cysts is made. The Sistrunk procedure is the operation of choice.

PMID- 3377116
TI  - Surgical therapy of radiation-induced lesions of the colon and rectum.
AB  - Thirty-six operations for late sequelae of radiotherapy were carried out in 31
      patients from 1971 to 1986. The most frequent indications for surgery were
      stricture (58 percent) and fistula (29 percent). In the first 8 year period from
      1971 through 1978, 13 of 14 operations were diversions (colostomy or by-pass).
      From 1979 through 1986, a more aggressive approach prevailed. Only 32 percent of
      the operations were diversions. This more aggressive strategy was accompanied by
      a decrease of the postoperative mortality rate from 21 percent through 1978 to 0
      in the later period. The overall complication rate was 23 percent. Complications
      were relatively more frequent after two-layer sutured or stapled anastomoses and
      after resection or fistula closure without temporary colostomy. We conclude that
      in radiation-induced colonic and rectal lesions, diversion should be performed in
      patients with unproved cure of disease or tumor persistence. Resection and
      fistula closure can be carried out safely, and a temporary colostomy is strongly
      recommended.

PMID- 3377117
TI  - Influence of preoperative risk factors and the surgical procedure on surgical
      mortality in renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to assess surgical risk in 112 severely
      hypertensive patients with renovascular disease secondary to atherosclerosis. The
      influence of preoperative risk factors and the surgical procedure on surgical
      mortality was also investigated. Extrarenal atherosclerosis was present in 51
      percent of the patients, and hypertensive target organ damage was present in 66
      percent. Renal artery reconstruction was performed unilaterally in 92 patients
      and bilaterally in 20 patients. Simultaneous aortoiliac operations were performed
      in 25 patients. There were nine operative deaths (8 percent). The presence of
      extrarenal atherosclerosis was particularly associated with mortality (14 percent
      compared with 1.8 percent when it was absent; p = 0.02). The surgical procedure
      also represented a significant risk; the mortality rate was 1.4 percent if
      surgery was restricted to unilateral reconstruction, but otherwise it increased
      to 20 percent (p = 0.001). This increase in mortality rate was clearly associated
      with aortoiliac surgery (20 percent compared with 4.6 percent when aortoiliac
      surgery was not performed; p = 0.025) and could be explained by the increased
      blood loss during operation. We conclude that the surgical treatment of
      renovascular disease secondary to atherosclerosis can be safely performed,
      provided that extrarenal atherosclerosis is absent and that simultaneous
      aortoiliac surgery can be avoided.

PMID- 3377118
TI  - Shotgun wounds involving the head and neck.
AB  - Since limited information is available on the management and spectrum of injuries
      sustained by patients with shotgun wounds to the head and neck, we reviewed the
      records of 26 patients with shotgun wounds involving the head and neck region.
      Fifty-four percent of these patients had associated injuries involving the trunk
      or extremities, and 43 percent of these patients required repair of these
      associated injuries. Overall, 23 percent of patients with shotgun wounds of the
      head and neck region had injuries of other anatomic areas that required operative
      treatment. In these patients, the major life-threatening injuries were not
      related to the head and neck region but were related to injuries of other
      anatomic areas. By stratifying the patients according to the anatomic pattern of
      injury (point blank, close range, or long range) and their hemodynamic status on
      presentation to the emergency room, it was possible to predict the need for
      surgery as well as the risk of death.

PMID- 3377119
TI  - Nonoperative removal of giant common bile duct calculi.
AB  - Endoscopic sphincterotomy has allowed us to extract relatively large stones from
      the common bile duct as compared with other methods utilizing a T-tube tract or
      the percutaneous transhepatic route. Twenty-four patients with large stones over
      20 mm in diameter were selected and reviewed from a series of 469 sphincterotomy
      patients. Eleven stones passed into the duodenum spontaneously, the maximal size
      of which was 30 by 43 mm. Passage occurred within 4 days after sphincterotomy in
      27 percent, 5 to 7 days after the procedure in 55 percent, and 8 to 13 days after
      the procedure in 18 percent and was accompanied by cholangitis in 55 percent of
      the patients. The small diameter of the stone and common bile duct dilatation
      down to the distal end seemed to be the factors favoring stone delivery. Five
      stones were removed using ordinary basket catheters by duodenoscopy; however, the
      largest one required 28 attempts. More recently, four stones were efficiently
      extracted after destruction by electrohydraulic or mechanical lithotripsy.
      Failure of removal in five patients was mainly due to a lack of space around the
      stone for basket manipulation or occurrence of severe cholangitis. Further
      refinements in technique in this regard are needed.

PMID- 3377120
TI  - Cause and prevention of postherniorrhaphy neuralgia: a proposed protocol for
      treatment.
AB  - The cause of severe and persistent neuralgia after hernia surgery is due to
      sensory nerve crushing. An operative technique has been described that prevents
      inadvertent crushing or division of the sensory nerves to the groin. With
      persistent postoperative pain, the offending nerve is usually difficult to
      identify. A protocol has been suggested to differentiate ilioinguinal from
      genitocrural causalgia. When the particular nerve is incriminated, its division
      will ordinarily cure the problem.

PMID- 3377121
TI  - Lung injury in acute pancreatitis: primary inhibition of pulmonary phospholipid
      synthesis.

PMID- 3377122
TI  - [Characteristics of the functional state of the placental mitochondria in
      interrupted pregnancy].

PMID- 3377123
TI  - [Threatened spontaneous abortion in female agricultural workers].

PMID- 3377124
TI  - [Value of medical genetic studies in habitual abortion].

PMID- 3377125
TI  - [Functional activity of lymphocytes in patients with habitual abortion after
      administration of allogeneic lymphocytes].

PMID- 3377126
TI  - [Abortion in the 2d trimester using Laminaria and intramuscular injection of 15
      methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha or sulprostone].

PMID- 3377128
TI  - [Dynamics of the indices of the contractile activity of the uterus in
      physiological labor].

PMID- 3377127
TI  - [Changes in humoral immunity in women with habitual abortion during treatment
      with plasma substitutes].

PMID- 3377129
TI  - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in prolonged preliminary periods].

PMID- 3377130
TI  - [Lipid composition of the myometrium during different methods of labor
      activation].

PMID- 3377131
TI  - [Metabolic inactivation of biogenic amines in the myometrium of parturients with
      uterine inertia].

PMID- 3377132
TI  - [Methodology of studying and preventing maternal morbidity and mortality].

PMID- 3377133
TI  - [Prognostic value of the signs of threatened abortion for the outcome of
      pregnancy and labor].

PMID- 3377134
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of neuro-vascular perineal formations and methods for their
      dissection in obstetrical practice].

PMID- 3377136
TI  - [Obstetric injuries to the soft tissues of the birth canal].

PMID- 3377135
TI  - [Effect of induced abortion on the functional state of the steroid-producing
      endocrine glands and the sympathetic adrenal system].

PMID- 3377137
TI  - [Bladder calculi in women].

PMID- 3377138
TI  - [Functional activity of the thyroid in pregnant women at risk for fetal
      macrosomia].

PMID- 3377139
TI  - [Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of discoordinated labor activity].

PMID- 3377140
TI  - [Anomalies of labor activity].

PMID- 3377141
TI  - [Characteristics of the reproductive function and perinatal pathology in
      abortion].

PMID- 3377142
TI  - Enhancing effect of dipyridamole inhalation on adenosine-induced bronchospasm in
      asthmatic patients.
AB  - The study was performed on 13 asthmatic patients to determine whether inhaled
      dipyridamole would act directly by inducing bronchoconstriction or indirectly by
      potentiating the adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction. The study was performed
      in 3 consecutive days. On the first day adenosine challenge was performed and the
      PD20 value calculated. On the other days the adenosine challenge was done 5 min
      after randomized inhalations of dipyridamole or a control solution. The mean
      percent change in FEV1 after dipyridamole (delta % = 2.0) and control solution
      (delta % = 1.0) was not significant. Inhaled adenosine caused bronchoconstriction
      with a geometric mean PD20 of 1.09 mg. After control solution inhalation, a mean
      PD20 value of 1.31 mg was observed. Dipyridamole inhalation increased adenosine
      hyperresponsiveness and in all subjects shifted the dose-response curves of
      adenosine challenge to the left with a mean PD20 value of 0.40 mg. This enhancing
      effect of dipyridamole was significant when compared with the baseline value (P
      less than 0.01) and control solution (P less than 0.01). The study demonstrated
      that dipyridamole inhalation increased airway responsiveness to adenosine in all
      subjects. This effect is due to indirect activity of dipyridamole on airways
      without changes in baseline airway caliber.

PMID- 3377143
TI  - Drugs as allergens. The molecular basis of IgE binding to trimethoprim.
AB  - The combining site specificities of IgE antibodies that react with the oral
      antibacterial agent trimethoprim and found in the sera of two subjects who
      experienced anaphylaxis after taking the drug, were investigated. Hapten
      inhibition studies with some close analogues of trimethoprim and a range of other
      structurally related compounds showed that the allergenic determinant
      complementary to the IgE antibodies in the serum of one of the subjects was the
      3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group. The complementary allergenic structure recognized by
      the IgE antibodies in the serum from the second subject comprised both the
      trimethoxybenzyl and diaminopyrimidine rings of trimethoprim. Thus, as with
      thiopentone, but unlike the neuromuscular blocking drugs, the trimethoprim
      molecule has more than one determinant each with the capacity to provoke IgE
      formation, interact with the antibody combining site and provoke drug-induced
      allergic reactions. The general approach set out here employing carefully
      selected structural analogues in hapten inhibition studies should be invaluable
      for confirming specificity and identifying allergenic determinants in IgE
      antibody-mediated allergic drug reactions.

PMID- 3377144
TI  - Sensitivity to tomato and peanut allergens in children monosensitized to grass
      pollen.
AB  - Possible associations between allergy to grass pollen and positive skin tests to
      food allergens were studied in 102 children monosensitized (as to inhalant
      allergens) to grass pollen, and in 117 children monosensitized (as to inhalant
      allergens) to Dermatophagoides. Thirty-two foods were tested by an epicutaneous
      method. Positive skin tests to food allergens were more frequent in children with
      allergy to grass pollen (59.8%) than in children with allergy to Dermatophagoides
      (9.4%). A considerably high frequency of positive reactions to tomato (39.2%),
      peanut (22,5%), green pea (13.7%), and wheat (11.7%) was observed in children
      with allergy to grass pollen. Positive skin tests to peanut closely correlated
      with positive RAST results and nasal provocation tests, whereas in children with
      skin test positivity to tomato a close correlation with nasal provocation tests
      but a 45% correlation with a positive RAST result were observed. RAST inhibition
      experiments were carried out, and the results may suggest the presence of cross
      reacting IgE to grass pollen, tomato, and peanut antigens. Clinical implications
      of these findings are discussed in the light of histories of food
      hypersensitivity, urticaria-angioedema, and atopic dermatitis in children with
      allergy to grass pollen.

PMID- 3377145
TI  - Leukotriene C4 and histamine in early allergic reaction in the nose.
AB  - We have examined the measurements of LTC4 and histamine in nasal lavage fluids
      and blown secretions as a possible model of the early mediator events during
      nasal allergy. A nasal challenge with grass pollen extract was undertaken on two
      separate occasions in 20 patients with a history of seasonal rhinitis and a
      positive immediate skin test to grass pollen. A 2 ml nasal lavage was performed
      before allergen challenge, and blown secretion collected separately 15 min after
      the provocation, followed by a final 2 ml nasal lavage. The dilution of nasal
      secretion by the lavage fluid was determined using 99mTc-labelled albumin as an
      exogenous marker added to the fluid. The amounts of admixture in the nasal
      lavages did not correlate to the concentrations of LTC4 and histamine, indicating
      that the variable amounts of nasal secretion in nasal lavage do not constitute a
      confounding variable for measurements of LTC4 and histamine. In the pre-challenge
      lavages, the median concentrations, of LTC4 and histamine were 1.7 and 52 nmol/l
      respectively. Following allergen challenge neither LTC4 nor histamine measured in
      nasal lavage showed any significant change from pre-challenge baseline values.
      However, measurements of both mediators in the blown secretion showed a
      significantly higher concentration than in the pre- or post-challenge lavage
      samples, compatible with transitory release during the acute allergic reaction.
      However, it seems doubtful whether measurements of LTC4 or histamine can be
      compared between blown secretion and nasal lavage fluid, even if the dilution
      factor is disregarded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377146
TI  - Consent and the anaesthetist.

PMID- 3377147
TI  - A comparison of rectal diclofenac with intramuscular papaveretum or placebo for
      pain relief following tonsillectomy.
AB  - A controlled investigation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of
      diclofenac and papaveretum in the prevention of pain and restlessness after
      tonsillectomy in children. Sixty children between 3 and 13 years of age were
      randomly allocated to receive rectal diclofenac 2 mg/kg, intramuscular
      papaveretum 0.2 mg/kg or no medication immediately after induction of
      anaesthesia. Pain and appearance were assessed 1, 3 and 6 hours postoperatively,
      and the following morning. The assessments were double-blind and performed by the
      same observer. No significant differences in postoperative pain were found
      between the groups at any time. The use of diclofenac was associated with a
      significantly more rapid return to calm wakefulness and had significantly less
      effect upon respiratory rate. Consumption of paracetamol on the day of operation
      was significantly less in the diclofenac group. Diclofenac may offer advantages
      compared to papaveretum with regard to safety and convenience for use in the
      treatment of pain after tonsillectomy in children.

PMID- 3377148
TI  - Nalbuphine combined with midazolam for outpatient sedation. An assessment of
      safety in volunteers.
AB  - Eighteen healthy volunteers were studied in a double-blind trial to determine
      which dose of nalbuphine (0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg) may be combined with midazolam
      0.05 mg/kg to provide a safe outpatient intravenous sedative technique. The
      ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and end tidal PCO2 were measured before
      and after the drugs were administered. A mild degree of respiratory depression
      occurred, which was maximal at 3-30 minutes after injection. This was not related
      to dose except that nalbuphine 0.05 mg/kg resulted in the slowest respiratory
      rates. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.

PMID- 3377150
TI  - Plasma morphine concentrations after intramuscular injection into the deltoid or
      gluteal muscles.
AB  - The absorption of morphine 10 mg after intramuscular injection into the gluteal
      and deltoid muscles was investigated. Ten patients received the injection into
      the deltoid and 10 were given the injection into the upper outer quadrant of the
      buttock. Blood was taken at frequent intervals up to 2 hours after the injection
      for plasma morphine analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Morphine
      concentrations were generally higher in the gluteal group although the mean peak
      concentrations (62.8 ng/ml in the gluteal group and 52.3 ng/ml in the deltoid
      group) were similar. Peak morphine concentrations varied from 22.5-99.3 ng/ml in
      the gluteal group and 26.5-84.5 ng/ml in the deltoid group. The area under the
      concentration-time curve was significantly greater in the gluteal group than in
      the deltoid group but this difference disappeared when allowance was made for
      differences in body weight of the two groups. We conclude that the absorption of
      morphine from the deltoid and gluteal sites is similar.

PMID- 3377149
TI  - Continuous epidural infusion of 0.075% bupivacaine for pain relief in labour. A
      comparison with intermittent top-ups of 0.5% bupivacaine.
AB  - Seventy-three women who requested epidural analgesia during labour were randomly
      allocated in a prospective study to receive either a continuous epidural infusion
      of 0.075% bupivacaine at a rate of 12-18 ml/hour (38 mothers) or intermittent top
      ups of 0.5% bupivacaine (35 mothers). Both groups received an initial dose of 6-8
      ml bupivacaine 0.5%. Patients were asked to score their pain using a 10-cm linear
      scale prior to insertion of the epidural, 30 minutes after its insertion and
      hourly thereafter. The quality of analgesia in the continuous infusion group was
      significantly better than in the intermittent top-up group (p less than 0.025).
      There was no significant difference in the total dose of bupivacaine given to the
      two groups.

PMID- 3377151
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase--a specific marker for cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - An oedematous pre-eclamptic patient received lumbar epidural analgesia during
      labour. Clear fluid leaked from the skin puncture site for 4 days. The fluid was
      analysed using protein electrophoresis for cholinesterase enzymes and was found
      not to contain the cerebrospinal fluid specific form of the enzyme,
      acetylcholinesterase. The sensitivity of this test was explored using serial
      dilutions of cerebrospinal fluid. It is now possible to say that the leaking
      fluid did not contain cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 3377152
TI  - Adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Fatal outcome of general anaesthesia in a child with
      adriamycin cardiomyopathy.
AB  - The death under general anaesthesia of a child with Adriamycin cardiomyopathy is
      reported. The acute, subacute and chronic cardiotoxic effects of Adriamycin are
      discussed and the risk factors for chronic Adriamycin cardiomyopathy presented,
      with particular reference to cumulative dosage of Adriamycin. The insidious onset
      of impairment of cardiac function is stressed and suggestions for anaesthetic
      management outlined.

PMID- 3377153
TI  - Sick sinus syndrome manifest after spinal anaesthesia.
AB  - A case of sick sinus syndrome which presented as a cardiac arrest following
      spinal anaesthesia is reported. The diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome, the
      cardiovascular effects of spinal anaesthesia and the anaesthetic management of
      patients with the syndrome are discussed.

PMID- 3377154
TI  - Recurarisation following a suxamethonium-alcuronium sequence in patients with
      atypical cholinesterase.
AB  - Alcuronium 10 mg was administered to maintain muscle relaxation in two patients
      before recovery from suxamethonium neuromuscular blockade to facilitate tracheal
      intubation. This sequence resulted in a markedly prolonged block which could not
      be antagonised adequately by neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg; initial antagonism was
      followed rapidly by prolonged recurarisation. Estimation of plasma cholinesterase
      activity revealed that the two patients were homozygous for the atypical and
      silent genes. respectively.

PMID- 3377155
TI  - Tracheal tube cuff pressure. Clinical use of the Cardiff Cuff Controller.
AB  - Seventy-one adult patients (31 male, 40 female) who presented for surgery
      underwent orotracheal intubation with Portex Blue Line standard cuff disposable
      tubes (9-mm for males, 8-mm for females). The tracheal tube cuff was inflated by
      a trained assistant using a syringe and the initial cuff pressure measured; the
      minimum cuff pressure required to prevent respiratory gas leakage was also
      measured and the cuff pressure maintained above this pressure throughout the
      operation by means of the Cardiff Cuff Controller. Initial cuff pressure values
      averaged 11.9 kPa for males and 13.5 kPa for females compared with minimum cuff
      pressure values of 5.2 and 1.2 kPa, respectively. The differences between initial
      and minimum pressures were statistically highly significant (p much less than
      0.001). It is concluded that the present method of inflation may lead to gross
      overinflation of tracheal tube cuffs and that cuff pressure monitoring may be
      performed simply by means of an electropneumatic controller. The difference in
      minimum cuff pressure between males and females suggests that the difference in
      tracheal size between the sexes is greater than the 9-mm to 8-mm difference in
      tracheal tube size.

PMID- 3377156
TI  - Silent regurgitation in day case gynaecological patients.
AB  - The effect of metoclopramide premedication on the incidence of gastric
      regurgitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting was studied in 101 women
      during gynaecological procedures performed under mask anaesthesia. All patients
      were premedicated orally with carmine red and temazepam. A treatment group of 48
      women also received oral metoclopramide. Anaesthesia was standardised in both
      groups. None of the women regurgitated gastric contents. Pharyngeal pH was
      measured in the last 68 patients and found to be greater than 5 in all instances.
      Postoperative nausea and vomiting were significantly less frequent in the
      treatment group.

PMID- 3377157
TI  - Blood flow in the upper limb during brachial plexus anaesthesia.
AB  - Changes in finger blood flow, arm blood flow and cardiac output were measured
      using electrical impedance plethysmography in 20 patients after brachial plexus
      anaesthesia. The anaesthetic solution used in all patients was 1% lignocaine with
      adrenaline 1:200,000. Significant increases in cardiac output and blood flow to
      the unanaesthetised arm were observed immediately after anaesthesia had become
      effective. A highly significant increase in the blood flow to fingers of the
      blocked hand was observed throughout the period of anaesthesia but there was no
      overall increase in the blood flow to the arm. It is suggested that the
      adrenaline contained in the local anaesthetic solution increased the cardiac
      output and caused arterial vasoconstriction at the site of injection.

PMID- 3377158
TI  - Enhanced brachial plexus blockade. Effect of pain and muscular exercises on the
      efficiency of brachial plexus blockade.
AB  - Three groups each of 20 patients scheduled to undergo operations on hand or
      forearm, received supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks with 25 ml lignocaine
      1.5%. Patients in the control group did not suffer from pain and were not asked
      to do muscular exercise. Patients with acute trauma of the upper limb formed the
      pain group and showed significantly decreased latency for onset of analgesia,
      partial and complete muscle paralysis. Patients in the muscle exercise group were
      free of pain and were asked to do muscular exercise for 5 minutes after injection
      of the lignocaine. Onset of analgesia, partial and complete muscle paralysis was
      significantly more rapid than in both control and pain groups. Changes in the
      duration of block were not significant. It is concluded that pain and muscular
      exercise enhance the onset of brachial plexus blockade.

PMID- 3377160
TI  - Leaks in breathing systems.

PMID- 3377159
TI  - Micro-aggregates and filtration.

PMID- 3377162
TI  - Bradycardia during elevation of zygomatic fractures.

PMID- 3377161
TI  - Epidural infusions--shortage of infusion devices.

PMID- 3377163
TI  - An unpredictable and possibly dangerous artefact affecting a pulse oximeter.

PMID- 3377164
TI  - Weak concentration of thiopentone.

PMID- 3377166
TI  - Theoretical considerations concerning the separation of enantiomeric solutes by
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3377167
TI  - Pressure programmed microbore column supercritical fluid chromatography-mass
      spectrometry for the determination of organophosphorus insecticides.

PMID- 3377165
TI  - Asbestos. Optical and electron microscopy can be used to determine asbestos in
      ambient air.

PMID- 3377168
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of xipamide in human
      plasma.

PMID- 3377169
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chlorpromazine and its
      degradation products in pharmaceutical dosage forms: a stability-indicating
      assay.

PMID- 3377170
TI  - Fluorimetric determination of calcium in serum with calcein blue.

PMID- 3377171
TI  - Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of some diuretics using 3-methyl
      2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone.

PMID- 3377172
TI  - Determination of vitamin C in chemical, pharmaceutical and biological samples by
      spectrophotometric titrimetry with o-diacetoxyiodobenzoate. Analysis of mixtures
      of vitamin C with methionine and cysteine or glutathione.

PMID- 3377173
TI  - Comparison of methods for the determination of selenium in biological fluids.

PMID- 3377174
TI  - Determination of clonazepam by flow injection analysis.

PMID- 3377175
TI  - Determination of orotic acid (vitamin B13) in human serum and urine by
      differential-pulse polarography.

PMID- 3377176
TI  - Determination of glucosinolate in rapeseed meal by infrared spectrometry.

PMID- 3377177
TI  - Determination of ethanol using flow injection enthalpimetry.

PMID- 3377178
TI  - Capillary gas chromatographic determination of cyclizine and dipipanone in
      biological fluids.

PMID- 3377179
TI  - Determination of thiocyanate in human serum by ion chromatography.

PMID- 3377180
TI  - Determination of endogenous vitamin K (phylloquinone and menaquinone-n) in plasma
      by high-performance liquid chromatography using platinum oxide catalyst reduction
      and fluorescence detection.

PMID- 3377182
TI  - Determination of metals in sewage sludge by inductively coupled plasma atomic
      emission spectrometry using a simplified nitric acid digestion method.

PMID- 3377181
TI  - Measurement of stable isotopes of bromine in biological fluids with inductively
      coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3377183
TI  - Microdetermination of fluoride in water by ion-exchange spectrophotometry.

PMID- 3377184
TI  - Determination of glucose in clinical samples by flow reversal flow injection
      analysis.

PMID- 3377185
TI  - Determination of theaflavin in tea liquors using voltammetric methods.

PMID- 3377186
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation and synchronous fluorimetric
      determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.

PMID- 3377187
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hexamethylenetetramine
      in air.

PMID- 3377189
TI  - Voltammetric investigation of the interaction of concanavalin A with mannose.

PMID- 3377188
TI  - Simultaneous determination of bromine and chlorine in cow's milk by
      radioactivation analysis.

PMID- 3377190
TI  - Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and
      axosomatic synapses.
AB  - The fine structure of neuronal somata and axosomatic synapses in each subnucleus
      of Gudden's tegmental nuclei was studied by use of electron microscopy. The pars
      principalis of the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TVP) is composed of
      oblong or triangular, medium sized neurons (11.8 x 22.6 microns, 211.4 microns 2)
      containing many mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and rough endoplasmic
      reticulum composing Nissl bodies. The light oval nucleus with a prominent
      nucleolus is centrally situated, and indentations of its nuclear envelope are
      recognized in all neurons. The neuron in the pars ventralis of the dorsal
      tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TDV) is similar to that in the TVP, but its average
      size is significantly smaller (10.0 x 18.8 microns, 151.4 microns 2), and its
      organelles are also less well developed. The pars dorsalis of the dorsal
      tegmental nucleus of Gudden (TDD) is composed of spindle shaped, small neurons
      (6.9 x 16.2 microns, 85.1 microns 2) characterized by their irregular shaped
      nucleus with its invaginated envelope. These neurons have a thin rim of
      cytoplasm, poorly developed organelles and no Nissl bodies. The average number of
      axosomatic terminals in a sectional plane is 9.9 in the TVP, 9.6 in the TDV and
      2.6 in the TDD, and the bouton covering ratio is 24.3% in the TVP, 26.5% in the
      TDV and 7.4% in the TDD. The respective percentages of round, flat and
      pleomorphic type axosomatic terminals were estimated, and the flat type terminals
      were found to be dominant in the TVP, the pleomorphic type terminals in the TDV,
      and the round type terminals in the TDD.

PMID- 3377192
TI  - Developmental changes in the retrorectal region of the human fetus.
AB  - A morphological study concerning the development and arrangement of the
      connective tissue in the retrorectal region was performed by investigating 300
      700 micron thick sections through fetal pelves, plastinated with the epoxy resin
      E 12 and cut with a diamond wire-saw. In 9-20-week old fetuses several
      developmental processes take place simultaneously in the retrorectal region: In
      the 9-week old fetus there is a marked incongruity between the curvature of the
      rectal wall and that of the caudal elements of the vertebral column. However, by
      the 20th week this incongruity has disappeared and the curvatures of the two
      structures parallel each other. During this developmental process, the position
      of the rectum in relation to the caudal parts of the vertebral column is changed.
      Due to the changing position of the rectum, alterations of the connective tissue
      are found especially in the precoccygeal portion of the retrorectal region. In
      the mesenchyme of 9-week old fetuses a differentiation of the retrorectal space
      into compartments can already be seen. With increasing age of the fetuses, three
      different compartments can be distinguished between the rectum and the ventral
      surface of the sacrum and coccyx. By the 20th week of human development fasciae
      can be identified within the connective tissue. In comparison to the various
      fasciae that have been described in the retrorectal region of the adult, only the
      pelvic parietal fascia is to be found in 20-week old fetuses. Fibres of this
      fascia traverse the retrorectal space and divide it into a presacral and a
      precoccygeal portion.

PMID- 3377191
TI  - The first appearance of the future cerebral hemispheres in the human embryo at
      stage 14.
AB  - Thirty-five embryos of stage 14 (32 days) were studied in detail and graphic
      reconstructions of four of them were prepared. Characteristic features of this
      stage include the beginning formation of the future cerebral hemispheres and the
      cerebellar plates. The ventral boundary between telencephalon medium and
      diencephalon is the preoptic recess. Although a velum transversum is not yet
      distinguishable as a dorsal boundary, its site is indicated by a change in the
      thickness of the roof of the forebrain. As the cerebral vesicles (future
      hemispheres) begin to evaginate, a di-telencephalic sulcus and a corresponding
      lateral ventricle and ventricular ridge (torus hemisphericus) develop. The
      telencephalic wall is mainly ventricular layer but three areas show advanced
      differentiation: olfactory area, future amygdaloid body (which lies at first
      mainly in the diencephalon), and primordium of the hippocampus. The telencephalon
      is growing in length, and the forebrain now occupies almost one quarter of the
      total length of the brain. The two neuromeres of the diencephalon are no longer
      as clearly delineated. The floor of D1 presents a thickened chiasmatic plate;
      that of D2 includes the infundibulum, which is closely related to the
      adenohypophysial pouch. The ventricular surface of D1 presents elevations for the
      dorsal and ventral thalami, separated by the sulcus medius. Other features of the
      diencephalon include the ventricular eminence (medial ventricular ridge) of the
      basal nuclei and the hypothalamic cell cord, from which the
      preopticohypothalamotegmental tract arises. The roof of D2 contains the
      evaginating part of the synencephalon. The mesencephalic angle continues to
      diminish. Two neuromeres, M1 and M2, are still distinguishable. The oculomotor
      nucleus emits nerve fibres, as does also the trochlear nucleus, which lies in the
      isthmic segment. Some extracerebral oculomotor fibres are present, but
      decussating and extracerebral trochlear fibres have not yet appeared. In the
      region of the tectum, two nuclei are discernible, and will form the medial
      tectobulbar tract and the mesencephalic root of the trigeminal nerve,
      respectively. The medial longitudinal fasciculus is present. A "median
      ventricular formation" is sometimes found in the mesencephalic roof. The
      cerebellum is the widest part of the brain. Two neuromeres (isthmic segment and
      Rh1) are involved in its formation. Most of the cerebellar plate has
      differentiated an intermediate layer, and the future rhombic lip is discernible.
      Indications of an efferent fibre system are present. In addition to the
      cerebellum, the rhombencephalon includes Rh1 to Rh7, and RhD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3377193
TI  - The fine structure of ampullary and tuberous electroreceptors in the South
      American blind catfish Pseudocetopsis spec.
AB  - Two types of electroreceptors, the ampullary and the tuberous electroreceptor
      (silurid knollenorgan) in the epidermis of the catfish, Pseudocetopsis spec.,
      were investigated with semithin and ultrathin serial sections. The ampullary
      organ contains one or two sensory cells which are embedded in supporting cells at
      the base of open epithelial canals. They bear some slender microvilli on their
      apical surface and form several synaptic bars. The afferent myelinated nerve
      fiber arborizes in the connective tissue papilla and looses its myelin sheath
      about 30 micron below the supporting cell layer. A second thin myelinated axon
      occur up to the supporting cell layer. The tuberous electroreceptor organ
      contains one large receptor cell. Most of the cell body is exposed to the lumen
      of a specialized proximal canal segment and is closely covered with microvilli. A
      single myelinated axon looses its myelin sheath within the supporting cell layer
      about 1 micron before terminating as a flat calyx at the base of the sensory
      cell. A functional significance of the two types of receptors will be discussed.

PMID- 3377194
TI  - The arterial orifice level in the early human embryo.
AB  - The configuration of the upper myocardial border, considered by us to represent
      the arterial orifice level, has been studied microscopically and with the help of
      reconstruction techniques, in 7 human embryos ranging from 6 to 9.5 mm crown-rump
      length. In the 6 to 7 mm stage the arterial orifice level is not situated in one
      plane but has a curved configuration and reaches up to the origin of the 4th and
      6th branchial arch arteries. As a consequence the septation, by the
      aortopulmonary septum, starts at orifice level. In the 9 to 9.5 mm stage the
      arterial orifice level has not only a curved but also a "twisted" configuration.
      This implies that 1) the pulmonary trunk is very short whereas the ascending
      aorta is rather long, 2) the pulmonary outlet is rather long whereas the aortic
      outlet is very short, and 3) the position of the aortopulmonary septum is such
      that it extends a long way proximal in the pulmonary outlet but hardly any
      distance in the aortic outlet. This means that the position of the orifices as
      well as the relative dimensions of both outlets are already similar to those in
      the fully developed heart.

PMID- 3377196
TI  - Morphological study of cerebellar transplant cocultivated with cerebral cortical
      graft in the anterior eye chamber. II. Purkinje cells and molecular layer.
AB  - Morphological organization of Purkinje cells and of molecular layer of the
      cerebellar cortex cocultivated intraocularly with cerebral cortex for two months
      was studied. It was found, that while numerous spines on the main dendritic
      branches of Purkinje cells in single cerebellar grafts were "vacant" and non
      synaptic, dendritic spines of thick Purkinje dendrites in double grafts were
      covered by large presynaptic bags. The resulting complex synaptic arrangement was
      strikingly similar although not identical to climbing terminals in normal ("in
      situ") cerebellar cortex. Three distinct types of large presynaptic climbing
      fibre like terminals were distinguished: (a) bouton with dense matrix and small
      round synaptic vesicles, (b) with large round vesicles and (c) containing ovoid
      synaptic vesicles. The spines of the thin, presumably tertiary dendritic branches
      were contacted mostly by one parallel axon varicosity, or--as a contrast to
      normal conditions--by axon terminal, containing ovoid synaptic vesicles.
      Irrespective of the shape of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal, all
      spine-synapses were of asymmetric type; in contrast, synapses on the dendritic
      shafts were always symmetric. GABA-immunogold reaction has revealed the presence
      of this inhibitory transmitter in most axon terminals containing ovoid
      pleomorphic vesicles within the molecular layer, including those resembling
      climbing fiber-terminals. This shows a plasticity of the Purkinje cell dendrites
      to receive non-specific, "foreign" axons in the absence of specific afferents.
      Also, the type of synaptic junctions, i.e. whether symmetric or asymmetric, is
      determined exclusively by the postsynaptic neuron and is independent of the
      transmitter content of the presynaptic terminal.

PMID- 3377195
TI  - Morphological study of cerebellar transplant cocultivated with cerebral cortical
      graft in the anterior eye chamber. I. Granular layer.
AB  - Fetal cerebral cortex and cerebellar anlage from rat fetuses of 15-16 gestational
      day were grafted simultaneously to the anterior eye chamber of adult female
      albino rat recipients. Two months after transplantation the cerebellar portion of
      the double graft consisted of foliated cerebellar cortex surrounding a well
      defined cerebellar nucleus. In the absence of pia mater or glial scar the
      cerebral and cerebellar grafts were observed to establish direct contact with
      each other. Although much thinner than in the normal cerebellum, the overall
      morphological organization of the granular layer in the transplant was similar to
      that described for "in situ" normal cerebellum, with some remarkable differences,
      though. In normal cerebellum all mossy terminals contain spheroid synaptic
      vesicles, a characteristic morphological feature of excitatory endings. In the
      transplant, however, although the majority of mossy terminals contained (small or
      large) spheroid synaptic vesicles, numerous mossy terminals were filled with
      ovoid, or pleomorphic synaptic vesicles, a morphological marker of inhibitory
      terminals. GABA-immunogold reaction, revealed, indeed, the presence of this
      inhibitory transmitter in mossy terminals containing ovoid synaptic vesicles.
      Both GABA (-) and GABA (+) mossy terminals formed asymmetric (Gray I-type)
      synaptic junctions with the surrounding dendritic digits of granule cells. It is
      suggested that GABA-ergic fibers as well as most non-GABA-ergic axons
      (originating either from the cerebral cortical graft, or from the cerebellar
      nucleus) may develop to mossy terminal-like structures as a consequence of the
      hugh deficit in "natural" mossy fibers in this model.

PMID- 3377197
TI  - Development of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) binding sites in the bile duct
      of the embryonic mouse liver.
AB  - The distribution of binding sites for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) was
      studied by histochemical staining in the embryonic mouse liver. The liver
      primordium consists of cranial and caudal diverticula. DBA bound to the
      pseudostratified endodermal cells of the caudal hepatic diverticulum, and also to
      some endodermal cells of the cranial one. Most extrahepatic bile duct cells and
      all epithelial cells of the gall bladder were consistently DBA-positive. In
      intrahepatic bile ducts and their precursors, the DBA binding sites showed a
      patchy distribution. Most hepatocytes were DBA-negative, though some young
      hepatocytes were DBA-positive. The results suggest that DBA binding sites are
      useful markers of epithelial cells of the gall bladder and the bile ducts,
      especially the extrahepatic bile duct. Differentiation of bile duct cells was
      also discussed with special reference to the developmental change of the
      distribution of the DBA binding sites.

PMID- 3377198
TI  - Ontogeny of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells in fetal mouse anterior pituitary.
      Comparison between two species C57 BL6 and Balb/C.
AB  - The fetal period constitutes a determinant stage in the ontogenesis of the
      hypothalamo-hypophysial-gonadal system. This work mainly concerns gonadotropic
      and thyrotropic functions and compares their different aspects in two strains of
      fetal mice. Balb/c and C57 BL6 fetal mice were studied at 16, 17, 18 and 19 days
      of gestation. The appearance and distribution of immunoreactive gonadotropic and
      thyrotropic cells of the anterior pituitary were observed by immunocytology using
      an indirect method with anti-porcine luteinizing hormone beta serum, anti-bovine
      thyrotrope hormone serum after saturation with bovine luteinizing hormone and
      anti-rat luteinizing hormone serum. In the two strains and in both sexes, LH
      gonadotropes appeared at 17 days of gestation and preferentially localized in the
      ventral part of the anterior lobe; a similar distribution was noted at 18 days
      and there was an increase in the number and staining intensity of labeled cells.
      By 19 days of gestation the gonadotrophs seemed more numerous, more generally
      distributed throughout the gland and often abutted to sinusoidal capillaries. An
      account of immunoreactive cells with anti-porcine luteinizing hormone serum and
      statistical evaluation of the results performed by variance analysis showed
      significant differences between the two strains. LH gonadotropic cells were
      always more numerous at each day of gestation in Balb/c fetuses especially in
      female fetuses. The possibility of a different evolution and/or differentiation
      for this cell population is discussed. Comparison of gonadotropic function
      between rat fetuses, mouse fetuses and human fetuses lead us to conclude that
      mouse fetuses appeared as an experimental model more closely related to human
      fetuses.

PMID- 3377199
TI  - Detection of the type II cell or its precursor before week 20 of human gestation,
      using antibodies against surfactant-associated proteins.
AB  - The present study was performed to find out whether the type II alveolar
      epithelial cell or its precursor (an approximately cuboidal cell lacking
      multilamellar bodies) is present before the twentieth week of human gestation.
      For this purpose we used an antibody, SALS-Hu(E), which recognizes the human type
      II cell on the basis of surfactant-associated proteins. Application of SALS-HuE
      (by indirect immunofluorescence) to acetone-fixed frozen sections of fetal lung
      tissue gave a distinct staining of the cuboidal or low columnar epithelial cells
      lining the end-pieces of the tubular system of fetal lung (initially only a few):
      this staining started around weeks 10 to 12 after conception. Around week 16 some
      of the labeled epithelial cells appeared to be rather flat and by week 19 a
      combined cellular and linear fluorescence pattern was seen. Columnar epithelial
      cells of the prospective bronchial portion did not show this specific staining.
      Our results indicate that the type II cell or its precursor cell is indeed
      present in the pseudoglandular period of human lung development, i.e., starting
      around the tenth to twelfth week. This cell type lines the acinar tubule, the
      basic structure of the pulmonary acinus. Transformation of this cell type into
      the type I alveolar epithelial cell seems to start in week 16.

PMID- 3377200
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of in vitro fertilization in cattle.
AB  - Cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration
      from small (1-6 mm) follicles. The complexes were matured in vitro for 28 h.
      Subsequently, the cumulus cells and the zona pellucida were removed by enzyme
      treatment in a proportion of the complexes (zona-free ova). Both cumulus-enclosed
      and zona-free ova were inseminated in vitro and processed for scanning electron
      microscopy after different periods of culture. In the cumulus-enclosed ova the
      number of spermatozoa attached to and penetrating into the cumulus investment
      increased with increasing culture time. Practically all spermatozoa displayed
      intact acrosomes. In the zona-free ova clusters of spermatozoa attached to the
      ovum surface, and at 5 h a proportion of the spermatozoa had undergone the
      acrosome reaction, and their internalization into the ooplasma was initiated. The
      acrosome reaction was characterized by an increasing fenestration of the membrane
      coverings of the acrosomal region of the sperm head. During the sperm head
      internalization, where the ovum microvilli appeared to contact especially the
      equatorial segment and the postacrosomal region, the sperm head gradually
      disappeared from the ovum surface, and the microvilli at the site of
      internalization became more bulbous. Simultaneous abstriction of the second polar
      body was seen in some ova.

PMID- 3377201
TI  - Ultrastructural abnormalities of in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured
      bovine oocytes.
AB  - Cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from cows at an abattoir by aspiration from
      small (1-6 mm) antral follicles were matured and inseminated in vitro. At
      different time intervals after insemination the ova were processed for
      transmission electron microscopy. Up to and including 6 h after insemination all
      ova were unfertilized, and their cortical granules were more or less clustered.
      At 6 h acrosome reaction of spermatozoa was observed on the surface of the zona
      pellucida. At 8 h the first fertilized ovum appeared and the first fully
      developed spherical pronucleus was observed, at 20 h the first apposition of
      pronuclei was seen, and at 40 h divisions were ongoing or completed. More than
      one third of the fertilized ova showed polyspermic penetration of the zona
      pellucida, and in most of these ova different developmental stages of
      supernumerary pronucleus formation were observed in the ooplasm. Abnormal
      cortical granule release was seen in approximately half of the fertilized ova,
      and it was more frequent in ova with polyspermic as opposed to monospermic
      penetration of the zona pellucida.

PMID- 3377202
TI  - Comparative anatomy of the foramen ovale in the Suina.
AB  - The structure of the foramen ovale from six species of Suina was studied using
      the scanning electron microscope. In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed
      from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava had the appearance of a short
      tunnel. In the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), the wart hog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus)
      and the bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus) a fold of tissue projected from the
      caudal edge of the foramen ovale into the lumen of the left atrium. It
      constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was generally
      straight-edged. In some domestic pig hearts small holes were found in the fold,
      and single threads of tissue arose from its trailing edge. These were not found
      in specimens from the other pigs or from the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu),
      which had a thin unfenestrated tissue fold ending in a straight edge. In both
      species of hippopotamidae, the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the
      pigmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis) the fold of tissue was tubular, with
      strands of tissue extending from the atrial wall to insert on the outer surface
      of its proximal half. This tube was orientated at an angle of approximately 90
      degrees to the caudal vena cava. Its walls were unfenestrated proximally and
      fenestrated distally, the latter forming a network over the end of the tube. The
      knotted appearance of the fold after birth suggested that the strands of the
      network had shortened and coalesced.

PMID- 3377204
TI  - Myocardial oxygen consumption and segmental shortening during selective coronary
      hemodilution in dogs.
AB  - Experiments were conducted in 33 open chest, anesthetized dogs to evaluate direct
      effects of hemodilution on myocardial oxygenation and contractile function. The
      left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was perfused selectively from a
      controlled pressure reservoir with either normal arterial blood or arterial blood
      diluted with lactated Ringer's solution. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were
      held stable. In the LAD bed, values were obtained for coronary blood flow (CBF)
      with an electromagnetic flowmeter, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) using the
      Fick principle, and percentage segmental shortening (%SS), an index of local
      myocardial contractility, by sonomicrometry. Studies were conducted with LAD
      perfusion pressure (PP) set at control (100 mm Hg) and at 50% of that level to
      simulate coronary insufficiency (CI). CI abolished coronary reactive hyperemia
      after release of a 90-second occlusion, indicating exhausted vasodilator reserve
      capacity. With PP at control, reductions in LAD hematocrit to as low as 10% had
      no effect on MVO2 or %SS, because increases in blood flow were sufficient to
      offset induced falls in arteriovenous oxygen content difference. However, during
      CI, a more modest reduction in hematocrit to 17% caused reductions in both MVO2
      and %SS, because of inadequate flow responses during hemodilution. The following
      conclusions can be made: 1) Extreme hemodilution is well tolerated by the normal
      heart with a stable work requirement and; 2) Relatively modest hemodilution may
      compromise myocardial oxygenation and contractile function when in the presence
      of exhausted or severely depleted vasodilator reserve capacity.

PMID- 3377205
TI  - Effects of intrathecal fentanyl and lidocaine on somatosensory-evoked potentials,
      the H-reflex, and clinical responses.
AB  - Intravenous narcotics increase the latency of somatosensory-evoked potentials
      (SSEPS), which are decreased but not abolished by epidural local anesthetics. In
      addition, intrathecal narcotics decrease spasticity in patients with central
      nervous system disease. This study of the effects of intrathecal fentanyl on
      posterior tibial SSEPS and the monosynaptic H-reflex arc found that intrathecal
      fentanyl had no effect on the latency of SSEPS, indicating the effects of
      narcotics on SSEPS are likely to exist at a supraspinal level. H-reflexes were
      not affected, confirming the lack of effect on this spinal motor reflex. In the
      same group of patients, intrathecal lidocaine administered 1 week later
      completely abolished SSEPS and H-reflexes. Complete suppression of SSEPS
      corresponded to full motor blockade, but sensation to pain and temperature was
      already many dermatomes higher than the S1 level. Return of SSEPS occurred with
      return of motor but not sensory function, indicating the likelihood that SSEPS
      are carried at least in part by large A-fibers. The study shows that spinal
      narcotics neither affect the transmission of SSEPS nor decrease the H-reflex, a
      spinal motor reflex. In addition, changes in SSEPS after intrathecal lidocaine do
      not correlate with the level of surgical anesthesia.

PMID- 3377206
TI  - The relation between lorazepam-induced auditory amnesia and auditory evoked
      potentials.
AB  - We conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind investigation in 15 normal
      volunteers to study the time course of amnesia to auditory stimulation produced
      by lorazepam. We also studied the relationship between auditory amnesia and
      auditory evoked potentials to determine if long-latency auditory evoked
      potentials (LLAEPs) could be utilized as electrophysiologic predictors of memory.
      Amnesia was produced by administration of 0.05 mg/kg lorazepam intravenously. To
      separate the changes in LLAEPs due to generalized sedation from those associated
      with amnestic properties of a drug, a third group of subjects given 1.5 mg/kg
      secobarbital was included. Observed frequency and duration of amnesia to auditory
      stimulation after lorazepam was 58% and 3 hours, respectively (mean values), with
      marked diminuition of antirecall effect at 120 minutes. Administration of
      lorazepam increased the latency and decreased the amplitude of N1 and P3
      components of LLAEPs. These changes appeared to be a result of generalized
      sedation rather than the amnestic properties of the drug. We failed to find a
      definite relationship between amnesia and changes in LLAEPs. We conclude that P3
      component of LLAEPs cannot be utilized as an electrophysiologic predictor of
      amnesia in humans.

PMID- 3377203
TI  - Retinofugal projections in hedgehog-tenrecs (Echinops telfairi and Setifer
      setosus).
AB  - Using the autoradiographic tracing technique the retinal projections were studied
      in the tenrecs, Echinops telfairi and Setifer setosus (insectivora, tenrecidae).
      Bilateral projections were found to the n. suprachiasmaticus, the anterior
      hypothalamic area, the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate bodies, the
      pretectal olivary nucleus and the superior colliculus. The contralateral
      projections were usually more intense than the ipsilateral ones except the
      retinohypothalamic connections. A partial segregation of the projection fields
      from both eyes was present in the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate bodies.
      In the superior colliculus retinal fibers predominantly involved the stratum
      zonale and the upper portion of the stratum griseum superficiale on both sides.
      The projections to the deeper portion of the colliculi were rather faint,
      particularly on the ipsilateral side. Target areas receiving contralateral
      projections exclusively were the periamygdaloid area (labeled only in Setifer),
      the terminal accessory nuclei including the n. tractus optici and the inferior
      colliculus. The data are compared with other species. The most striking finding
      may concern the projection to the medial terminal nucleus being quite prominent
      in marsupials and most eutherian mammals (including the erinaceomorphous
      hedgehogs), but greatly reduced in tenrecs and primates.

PMID- 3377207
TI  - I-653 resists degradation in rats.
AB  - The ability of rats pretreated with phenobarbital to metabolize a new volatile
      anesthetic, I-653, was compared with the metabolism of halothane, isoflurane, and
      methoxyflurane. Each anesthetic was administered for 2 hours at 1.6 MAC
      (inspired). Control rats were given phenobarbital but not exposed to an
      anesthetic. In rats pretreated with phenobarbital and exposed to I-653, fluoride
      ion concentrations in serum and excretion of fluoride ion and organic fluoride in
      the urine were almost indistinguishable from values measured in control rats. In
      contrast, rats pretreated with phenobarbital metabolized small but significant
      amounts of isoflurane. In rats pretreated with ethanol and exposed to I-653, the
      24-hour excretion of urinary organic fluoride was nearly ten times greater than
      that observed in control rats. Marked increases in organic fluoride (as high as
      1000 times control values) and/or fluoride ion were found in serum and/or urine
      after anesthesia of phenobarbital-pretreated rats with halothane or
      methoxyflurane. The relative stability of I-653 indicates that it may possess
      minimal toxic properties.

PMID- 3377208
TI  - Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during isovolemic hemodilution alone
      and in combination with adenosine-induced controlled hypotension.
AB  - Recent reports have proposed combining isovolemic hemodilution and controlled
      hypotension to limit blood loss during surgery. Before such a technique can be
      considered for clinical use, it must be demonstrated that it does not endanger
      maintenance of adequate myocardial oxygenation. Accordingly, measurements of left
      ventricular myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption were obtained during
      isovolemic hemodilution alone and in combination with adenosine-induced
      controlled hypotension in ten pentobarbital-anesthetized, open chest dogs with
      normal coronary circulation. Hemodilution to a hematocrit of 21.7% was produced
      by isovolemic exchange of whole blood for 5% dextran. In the presence of
      hemodilution, adenosine was infused intravenously at a rate sufficient to
      decrease mean aortic pressure to 51 mm Hg. Myocardial blood flow was measured
      with radioactive microspheres and used to calculate global left ventricular
      myocardial oxygen consumption and oxygen supply. Hemodilution alone increased
      aortic blood flow (+43%) but had no effect on aortic pressure, left atrial
      pressure, heart rate, or left ventricular dP/dtmax; an increase in myocardial
      blood flow (+130%) maintained oxygen supply and consumption at the baseline
      level. Adenosine-induced hypotension during hemodilution decreased heart rate (
      35%), left ventricular dP/dt max (-28%), and aortic blood flow (-14%). These
      systemic responses were accompanied by reduced myocardial oxygen consumption (
      29%) and increased myocardial blood flow (+54%) and myocardial oxygen supply
      (+72%). These latter effects resulted in reduction in the coronary arteriovenous
      oxygen content difference and in an attendant rise in coronary sinus Po2 (+66%),
      which are signs of luxuriant myocardial perfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3377209
TI  - Fentanyl-diazepam anesthesia with or without N2O does not attenuate
      cardiopulmonary baroreflex-mediated vasoconstrictor responses to controlled
      hypovolemia in humans.
AB  - Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors located primarily on the low-pressure side of the
      circulation sense slight reductions in cardiac filling pressures and elicit
      sustained peripheral vasoconstriction. Because most inhalation and many
      intravenous anesthetics attenuate arterial baroreflex function, the low-pressure
      baroreflex may serve a major role in maintaining blood pressure during
      intraoperative hypovolemia. To activate the low-pressure baroreflex, progressive
      nonhypotensive reductions in central venous pressure were produced with graded
      applications of lower body negative pressure (LBNP, -5, -10, -15 mm Hg) in 18 ASA
      class I patients before elective surgery. This produced linear reductions in
      stroke volume as determined by impedance cardiography and cardiac output.
      Cardiopulmonary baroreflex-mediated increases in total and forearm vascular
      resistance assisted in maintaining stable blood pressure. After ten patients were
      anesthetized with fentanyl (12.5 micrograms/kg) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) and an
      additional eight received these agents plus supplemental N2O (70%), reflex
      vasoconstrictor responses to LBNP were not attenuated and, therefore, blood
      pressure continued to be well maintained despite substantial reductions in
      cardiac filling pressures. Thus, these anesthetic regimens preserved
      vasoconstrictor responses mediated by cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. This promoted
      cardiovascular stability that may be particularly beneficial in patients with
      cerebral, cardiovascular, or renal disease undergoing surgical procedures with
      potential for rapid blood loss.

PMID- 3377210
TI  - Height, weight, and the spread of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine in the term
      parturient.
AB  - Using a standardized technique, spinal anesthesia was induced in 50 term
      parturients to study the correlation between patient height, weight, and body
      mass index (BMI) and the spread of sensory blockade. All patients received 12 mg
      hyperbaric bupivacaine while in the right lateral decubitus position on a
      horizontal operating table. Immediately after drug injection, the women were
      turned to the supine horizontal position with left uterine displacement. Fifteen
      minutes after drug injection, the level of analgesia to pinprick was measured.
      Linear regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between height
      (146-175 cm), weight (57.3-93.6 kg), or body mass index (21-38 kg/m2) and the
      spread of spinal anesthesia (T7-C8). It is concluded that, in term parturients,
      patient height, weight, or BMI does not significantly affect the spread of
      hyperbaric spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 3377211
TI  - Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl-bupivacaine and morphine
      bupivacaine in management of postoperative pain.
AB  - The short duration of epidural fentanyl has limited its direct comparison with
      epidural morphine in previous reports. The following study was performed of
      continuous postoperative epidural infusions at 5 ml/hr fentanyl 10 micrograms/ml
      (n = 59) or morphine 0.1 mg/ml (n = 48), both with bupivacaine 0.1%, in patients
      having cesarean sections. Postoperative evaluations included the frequency and
      magnitude of clinically evident respiratory depression, the adequacy of
      analgesia, nausea, pruritus, the ability to ambulate, and other side effects for
      24 hours. Analgesia and the number of supplemental narcotic injections needed
      were similar in both groups. The incidence of nausea and pruritus was
      significantly less in the patients receiving fentanyl. No patient developed
      respiratory depression in either group. Patient and staff acceptance of the
      continuous epidural technique was excellent because there were only minor
      catheter-related problems associated with its use. It is concluded that
      continuous epidural fentanyl combined with bupivacaine offers excellent
      postoperative analgesia with minimal side effects.

PMID- 3377212
TI  - Effect of adding sodium bicarbonate to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in
      elderly patients.
AB  - The effect of added sodium bicarbonate on plain bupivacaine spinal anesthesia is
      unknown. Forty patients aged 75 years or older, ASA II or III, undergoing
      orthopedic lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly classified
      into two groups. Just before injection, either 0.2 ml normal saline (group I) or
      0.2 ml 0.42% NaHCO3 solution (group II) was added to 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine
      hydrochloride. All patients then received intrathecally 3 ml (14.85 mg) of the
      bupivacaine solution in the lateral decubitus position. The segmental level of
      sensory loss was tested using forceps. The median time required to achieve
      maximal height of the sensory blockade and the median highest level of sensory
      anesthesia did not differ in the two groups. Alkalinized bupivacaine increased
      significantly the median times for regression to the T12 and L2 segments by 15
      and 25 minutes, and the duration of complete motor block by 15 minutes, as
      compared to the hydrochloride salt. The clinical importance of such modest
      prolongations seems limited.

PMID- 3377213
TI  - Submucosal emphysema with airway obstruction from nasal oxygen cannula.

PMID- 3377214
TI  - Succinylcholine-induced idioventricular rhythm.

PMID- 3377215
TI  - Tracheal intubation in children: a new method for assuring correct depth of tube
      placement.

PMID- 3377216
TI  - Prolongation of the inspiratory phase in the treatment of unilateral lung
      disease.

PMID- 3377217
TI  - Benzodiazepine treatment of penile erection under general anesthesia.

PMID- 3377218
TI  - More on long-arm CVP catheters.

PMID- 3377219
TI  - Determination of halothane MAC in swine.

PMID- 3377220
TI  - Preoxygenating the anxious patient.

PMID- 3377221
TI  - Modification of anesthesia circuit tube support strap.

PMID- 3377222
TI  - Relative risks of epidural air injection in children and adults.

PMID- 3377224
TI  - 3-in-1 block: confirmation of Winnie's anatomical hypothesis.

PMID- 3377223
TI  - Right bundle branch block during insertion of an intravenous guidewire.

PMID- 3377225
TI  - Endotracheal intubation in temporomandibular ankylosis.

PMID- 3377226
TI  - Rapid induction of anesthesia with isoflurane.

PMID- 3377227
TI  - Automatic blood pressure machine revisited.

PMID- 3377228
TI  - Should calcium administration be avoided in treatment of hyperkalemia in
      malignant hyperthermia?

PMID- 3377229
TI  - Anesthetics and body temperature regulation.

PMID- 3377230
TI  - The thermoregulatory threshold in humans during halothane anesthesia.
AB  - Although suppression of thermoregulatory mechanisms by anesthetics is generally
      assumed, the extent to which thermoregulation is active during general anesthesia
      is not known. The only thermoregulatory responses available to anesthetized,
      hypothermic patients are vasoconstriction and non-shivering thermogenesis. To
      test anesthetic effects on thermoregulation, the authors measured skin-surface
      temperature gradients (forearm temperature--finger-tip temperature) as an index
      of cutaneous vasoconstriction in unpremedicated patients anesthetized with 1%
      halothane and paralyzed with vecuronium during elective, donor nephrectomy.
      Patients were randomly assigned to undergo maximal warming (warm room, humidified
      respiratory gases, and warm intravenous fluids; n = 5) or standard temperature
      management (no special warming measures; n = 5). Skin-surface temperature
      gradients greater than or equal to 4 degrees C were prospectively defined as
      significant vasoconstriction. Normothermic patients [average minimum esophageal
      temperature = 36.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C (SD)] did not demonstrate significant
      vasoconstriction. However, each hypothermic patient displayed significant
      vasoconstriction at esophageal temperatures ranging from 34.0 to 34.8 degrees C
      (average temperature = 34.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C). These data indicate that active
      thermoregulation occurs during halothane anesthesia, but that it does not occur
      until core temperature is approximately equal to 2.5 degrees C lower than normal.
      In two additional hypothermic patients, increased skin-temperature gradients
      correlated with decreased perfusion as measured by a laser Doppler technique.
      Measuring skin-surface temperature gradients is a simple, non-invasive, and
      quantitative method of determining the thermoregulatory threshold during
      anesthesia.

PMID- 3377232
TI  - The anesthetic efficacy of midazolam in the enflurane-anesthetized dog.
AB  - This study determined the anesthetic efficacy of midazolam (MID) in terms of its
      ability to reduce enflurane MAC (EMAC). Control EMAC was determined by the tail
      clamp method in 15 mongrel dogs. Each animal then received at least three
      incremental infusion rates of MID from among the following: 0.48, 2.4, 9.6, 19.2,
      28.8, 48, or 151.2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. MAC was determined during each infusion
      rate following a 1-h observation period, during which time MID concentration in
      plasma [( MID]) stabilized. [MID] was measured every 15 min beginning 45 min from
      the start of each new infusion rate. There was a linear relationship between MID
      infusion rates and the resulting [MID] (r = 0.995). In the range of [MID] from 14
      to 14,118 ng/ml, there was a linear relationship between the log [MID] and the
      percent EMAC reduction. The slope of the line was very shallow, and the [MID]
      required to reduce EMAC by more than 50% exceeded the [MID] likely to be employed
      clinically in humans (750 ng/ml). Also, the 73 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) EMAC
      reduction produced by [MID] = 9,763 +/- 1213 ng/ml was not significantly greater
      than the 60 +/- 3% EMAC reduction achieved by [MID] = 1,464 +/- 293 ng/ml, a
      finding which suggests a ceiling effect to the anesthetic efficacy of midazolam.
      The authors conclude that, within the dose range of MID likely to be employed in
      humans, MID produced a concentration-dependent reduction of enflurane MAC in the
      dog. In doses above those likely to be employed clinically, a ceiling effect to
      the anesthetic efficacy of MID may become evident.

PMID- 3377231
TI  - Spontaneous post-anesthetic tremor does not resemble thermoregulatory shivering.
AB  - Spontaneous post-anesthetic tremor that resembles shivering is common during
      recovery from anesthesia. Risks to postoperative patients include an increase in
      metabolic rate of up to 400%, hypoxemia, wound dehiscence, dental damage, and
      disruption of delicate surgical repairs. The etiology of spontaneous post
      anesthetic tremor is most commonly attributed to normal thermoregulatory
      shivering in response to intraoperative hypothermia. However, the mechanism of
      this tremor remains unknown, hampering prevention and treatment. The present
      study was designed to determine whether mechanisms other than thermoregulation
      contribute to the tremor. The electromyograms (EMGs) of eight muscles were
      observed in nine women during recovery from isoflurane anesthesia. Signals from
      each muscle were compared to those of pathologic clonus induced by plantar
      flexion in unanesthetized patients with spinal cord transections and to those of
      cold-induced shivering in normal, unanesthetized subjects. Two distinct EMG
      patterns were identified: 1) regular, bursting signals of 5-7 Hz similar to those
      produced by pathologic clonus in patients with spinal cord transections; and 2)
      tonic, irregular signals of 5-15 Hz which had poorly defined bursts that did not
      demonstrate the synchronous 4-8-cycle/min waxing and waning pattern typical of
      normal shivering. EMG activity occurred most often at expired isoflurane
      concentrations of 0.1-0.19%, and was not related to rectal temperature. During
      the later part of recovery when isoflurane concentrations were less than or equal
      to 0.1%, hypothermic patients frequently demonstrated no clinical or EMG evidence
      of muscular activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377233
TI  - Ethanol monitoring of irrigating fluid absorption in transurethral prostatic
      surgery.
AB  - The ethanol concentration in expired breath (EB-ethanol(A] was repeatedly
      measured in 50 patients undergoing transurethral prostatic surgery in which the
      irrigating fluid was 1.5% glycine + 2% ethanol in water. EB-ethanol(A) was
      compared at 10-min intervals to the serum sodium concentration, the serum glycine
      concentration, and the absorbed volume of irrigant. The EB-ethanol(A) was found
      to be related directly to the serum glycine concentration (R2 = 0.75) and,
      inversely, to changes in the serum sodium concentration (R2 = 0.81). The
      cumulative absorbed volume of irrigant could be predicted from a single EB
      ethanol(A) reading at the end of each 10-min interval (R2 = 0.82); the
      reliability was improved by taking into account the absorption time (R2 = 0.89).
      Extravasation of irrigating fluid was indicated by a stable or increasing EB
      ethanol(A) after the ethanol-tagged irrigant had been discontinued. Ethanol
      monitoring is a simple and inexpensive method of testing for the presence, and
      measuring the degree, of irrigant absorption in transurethral prostatic surgery.

PMID- 3377234
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of and interaction between calcium blocking drugs and
      anesthetics in chronically instrumented dogs. VI. Verapamil and fentanyl
      pancuronium.
AB  - To assess the interaction between verapamil and fentanyl-pancuronium, dogs were
      chronically instrumented to measure heart rate; PR interval; aortic, left
      ventricular, and left atrial pressures; and coronary, carotid, and renal blood
      flows. The effect of fentanyl citrate infusion on single-dose verapamil
      pharmacokinetics was examined in six animals. The effects of verapamil infusion
      (3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 and 6 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were examined in the
      conscious state and during fentanyl infusion plus pancuronium on two separate
      occasions in nine dogs. In addition, the effects of fentanyl citrate (500
      micrograms.kg-1 followed by 1.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were examined over 1 h of
      infusion. Fentanyl infusion did not affect single-dose verapamil
      pharmacokinetics. In the conscious animals, verapamil increased heart rate and PR
      interval, and slightly decreased LV dP/dt. Fentanyl combined with pancuronium
      increased mean arterial pressure and LV dP/dt. During fentanyl infusion,
      verapamil decreased mean arterial pressure and LV dP/dt, increased PR interval,
      and did not change heart rate. The hemodynamic effects of fentanyl infusion were
      steady over 1 h. In contrast to the inhalational anesthetics, which alter
      verapamil pharmacokinetics and have mainly additive effects with verapamil on
      left ventricular contractility, cardiac conduction, and regional blood flows,
      fentanyl-pancuronium had no effect on verapamil pharmacokinetics and minimal
      effect on verapamil pharmacodynamics in healthy dogs.

PMID- 3377235
TI  - The potency of pancuronium at the adductor pollicis and diaphragm in infants and
      children.
AB  - To measure the potency of pancuronium at the diaphragm and adductor pollicis in
      infants and children, train-of-four stimulation was applied to the ulnar and
      phrenic nerves under N2O-halothane anesthesia. The force of contraction of the
      adductor pollicis was measured and compared with the diaphragmatic electromyogram
      (EMG). Cumulative dose response curves were determined for pancuronium in 18
      patients divided equally into three age groups: 0-1 yr, 1-3 yr, and 3-10 yr. The
      potency of pancuronium at both muscles decreased with increasing age (P less than
      0.05), while the adductor pollicis:diaphragm potency ratio remained constant. The
      mean doses (+/- SEM) required to depress adductor pollicis first twitch responses
      by 90% (ED90) were 42 +/- 3.3 micrograms/kg in the 0-1-yr group, 47 +/- 4.2
      micrograms/kg in the 1-3-yr group, and 62 +/- 4.1 micrograms/kg in the 3-10-yr
      group. Corresponding figures for the diaphragm were 70 +/- 4.3 micrograms/kg, 81
      +/- 5.1 micrograms/kg, and 101 +/- 4.4 micrograms/kg, respectively. The ED90
      ratios (diaphragm ED90/adductor pollicis ED90) in the three age groups were 1.69
      +/- .07, 1.75 +/- .14, and 1.64 +/- .09, respectively. These results are
      consistent with similar rates of maturation of the diaphragm and the adductor
      pollicis muscles in infancy and childhood. Thus, train-of-four monitoring of the
      adductor pollicis is likely to overestimate the degree of neuromuscular blockade
      of the diaphragm in pediatric patients.

PMID- 3377236
TI  - Effect of etomidate on hepatic drug metabolism in humans.
AB  - The authors studied the effect of etomidate on drug metabolism in vivo in humans
      and in vitro using human liver microsomes. When these liver microsomes were
      incubated with different concentrations of etomidate, dose-dependent inhibition
      of ketamine N-demethylation, a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymatic process, was
      produced. Cytochrome P-450 binding spectra displayed type II binding with a UV
      light absorption maximum (lambda max) at a wavelength of 424 nm in the presence
      of etomidate. In vivo studies were conducted using ketamine and antipyrine as
      substrates. Evaluation of antipyrine's pharmacokinetic variables after an
      intravenous infusion of etomidate (0.34 +/- 0.17 mg/kg) revealed an 18% increase
      in its elimination half-life (P = 0.04). In addition, there were 16% and 11%
      decreases in the area under the curve (P = 0.05) and in the clearance rate (P =
      0.07) for antipyrine, respectively. In patients administered a bolus dose of
      ketamine during brief outpatient operations, etomidate produced no significant
      changes in ketamine's pharmacokinetics compared to thiopental. The authors
      conclude that the etomidate-induced inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism can
      prolong the elimination of drugs with low hepatic clearance rates (e.g.,
      antipyrine). However, etomidate would not be expected to alter the rate of
      elimination of high clearance anesthetics and analgesic drugs (e.g., ketamine,
      fentanyl).

PMID- 3377237
TI  - Intrathecal and epidural morphine sulfate for post-cesarean analgesia--a clinical
      comparison.

PMID- 3377238
TI  - Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome: anesthetic implications and management in the
      perioperative period.

PMID- 3377239
TI  - Finger injury by an oxygen saturation monitor probe.

PMID- 3377240
TI  - Psychogenic cardiac arrest during extensive sympathetic blockade.

PMID- 3377241
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism: detection by pulse oximetry.

PMID- 3377243
TI  - Is the EEG a useful monitor during cardiac surgery?

PMID- 3377242
TI  - High-frequency jet ventilation in the management of congenital tracheal stenosis.

PMID- 3377244
TI  - A new agent-specific filling device for anesthetic vaporizers.

PMID- 3377245
TI  - Intravenous cystogram for study of urinary retention following intrathecal
      morphine in unanesthetized rabbits.

PMID- 3377246
TI  - An anesthetic adapter for all metered dose inhalers.

PMID- 3377247
TI  - Quality assurance: irrelevant data is never inexpensive enough.

PMID- 3377248
TI  - CT scan and celiac plexus block.

PMID- 3377249
TI  - Cardiac arrest during spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 3377250
TI  - Hypoxia and anesthetic-associated liver injury in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3377251
TI  - [Status of surgery in the treatment of venous thrombosis: present-day criteria].

PMID- 3377252
TI  - [Thrombogenic mechanisms in artificial vascular implants].

PMID- 3377253
TI  - [Lymphedema of the lower extremity caused by chylous reflux].

PMID- 3377254
TI  - [Veno-venous bypass and valvuloplasties in the surgical treatment of
      postthrombotic syndrome].

PMID- 3377255
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolic risk in surgery].

PMID- 3377256
TI  - [Martorell's ulcer. Apropos of 4 cases].

PMID- 3377257
TI  - [Arterial embolism, embolic recurrences and anticoagulant treatment.
      Retrospective study of 43 patients].

PMID- 3377258
TI  - [Arterial circulation of the foot in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial
      disease].

PMID- 3377259
TI  - [Cardiac mortality in vascular patients].

PMID- 3377260
TI  - [Results of the survey: Opinion of the physician on venous pathology of the legs.
      Survey supervised by the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular surgery].

PMID- 3377261
TI  - A model system for reporting communicable diseases to local health agencies.

PMID- 3377262
TI  - Universal precautions: the data base emerges.

PMID- 3377263
TI  - Factors affecting skin condition in two nursing populations: implications for
      current handwashing protocols.
AB  - Two different nursing populations--one from Phoenix, Arizona, and the other from
      Racine, Wisconsin--and a group of persons prone to dry skin from Racine were
      evaluated for the presence of scaling, cracking, and erythema, the major visible
      symptoms of hands with dry, chapped skin. The results provide insight into the
      effects of age, season, geographic locale, handwashing frequency, and work area
      on skin condition. Season (winter), geographic locale (northern locale), and age
      (over 30 years) were the most significant extrinsic factors influencing the
      manifestation of hands with dry, chapped skin. In the presence of these
      predisposing factors, a handwashing frequency of only one to two times per hour
      was sufficient to significantly increase the severity of dry skin. Among nurses
      those most susceptible to dry skin were over 30 years of age, were high-frequency
      (more than three washings per hour) hand washers, and were exposed to the winter
      climate of a northern locale.

PMID- 3377264
TI  - Routine reduction of pulse generator voltage.
AB  - The porous-tip electrode has led to a significant advancement in pacing system
      technology. Experience with 38 patients with unipolar tined CPI porous
      endocardial electrodes, is reported. All patients had programmable pulse
      generators, CPI model number 531. The voltage in this pulse generator can be
      reduced from 5 to 2.5 volts. The pulse width threshold (PWT) at implantation was
      0.06 ms at 5 volts in all 38 patients, and the PWT at implantation varied between
      0.06 and 0.16 ms at 2.5 volts, with a mean PWT of 0.092 +/- 0.026 ms. The 38
      patients were restudied six months later. The mean PWT measured at 5 volts was
      0.076 +/- 0.018 ms. The PWT measured at 2.5 volts varied between 0.08 and 0.30 ms
      with a mean PWT of 0.178 +/- 0.067 ms. Twenty-three patients were restudied one
      year after lead implantation. The PWT measured at 2.5 volts varied between 0.08
      and 0.30 ms with a mean PWT of 0.156 +/- 0.061 ms. All of the pulse generators
      were reprogrammed to 2.5 volts. This permitted a substantial prolongation of the
      pulse generator life (three to five years) with an improvement in the cost
      effectiveness of the pulse generator.

PMID- 3377266
TI  - Hemorheologic factors in the postacute phase of ischemic stroke.
AB  - Clinical and hemorheologic data were recorded in a homogeneous group of 72
      patients (age range sixty-one to seventy years), suffering from ischemic stroke
      with an onset of less than eight hours, confirmed clinically and by computerized
      tomography. A quantitative neurologic analysis and the following hemorheologic
      parameters were monitored for twenty weeks following the acute episode:
      fibrinogen, total proteins, albumin, hematocrit, leukocyte and platelet counts,
      whole blood filterability (WBF), red blood cell deformability (RBCD), and blood
      plasma, and serum viscosity. The results show a significant decrease in
      hematocrit values parallel to the clinical neurologic improvement and a
      significant increase in RBCD in the patients with the better clinical recovery.
      These data confirm the role of hemorheologic parameters in the clinical follow-up
      of cerebrovascular disorders.

PMID- 3377265
TI  - Serum copper, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and potassium changes following acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - When analyzed within seventy-two hours of admission to the coronary care unit,
      the mean values of serum copper and magnesium were lower in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction than in noncardiac patients. Zinc values showed no
      difference. Because the reduction of serum copper in males was statistically
      significant, the authors suggest that a lowering of serum copper, especially in
      males, can be useful in the diagnosis of recent infarction and could possibly
      have other implications. Significant elevations of serum calcium and of serum
      potassium were also demonstrated.

PMID- 3377267
TI  - Role of platelets in diabetic microangiopathy--an additional factor.
AB  - A study of platelet aggregation in 324 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 24
      patients with microvascular complications of DM (retinopathy) is reported.
      Platelet aggregation tests showed that DM patients can be divided into two
      groups: "normal" and "prone." The mean reading and standard deviation (SD) of the
      normal group was found to be 22.6% (SD 6.99%). The mean reading and standard
      deviation of the prone group was found to be 60.5% (SD 12.7%) respectively. All
      patients with microangiopathy had a significant increase, all of them being in
      the prone range, with a mean of 69.5% (SD 7.2%). Platelet hyperfunction appears
      to be a high-risk factor for the development of diabetic microangiopathies. A
      hypothesis postulating platelet hyperfunction as an additional factor along with
      altered glycoprotein metabolism and explaining the chain of events in the genesis
      of diabetic microangiopathies is presented.

PMID- 3377268
TI  - Pigtail-guidewire technique for retrograde crossings of stenotic aortic valve--a
      case report.

PMID- 3377269
TI  - Effects of splenectomy on serum lipids and experimental atherosclerosis.
AB  - The authors examined the effects of splenectomy on serum lipids in patients with
      hematologic disease, in rabbits, and also in cholesterol-fed rabbits with
      experimental atherosclerosis. Serum cholesterol was determined in patients with
      hypersplenism before and after splenectomy. Meanwhile serum lipids were
      determined in two groups of rabbits: splenectomy group (Spx group, n = 19), and
      sham operation group (Sham group, n = 14) before and after the operation. Then
      the rabbits were divided into four subgroups: cholesterol-fed groups--Spx-C (n =
      12) and Sham-C (n = (9), and normal-chow-fed groups--Spx-N (n = 7) and Sham-N (n
      = 5). The Spx-C and the Sham-C rabbits were fed 1% cholesterol diet and the Spx-N
      and Sham-N rabbits were fed normal chow for twelve weeks. In patients
      preoperative serum cholesterol levels were low, and significant increase in serum
      cholesterol was observed following splenectomy. In rabbits, the Spx-C group
      showed significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and
      phospholipids in contrast to lower levels of high density lipoprotein
      cholesterol, as compared with the Sham-C group. The percentage of aortic plaque
      area in the Spx-C group tended to be higher than that in the Sham-C group. On the
      other hand, the Spx-N and the Sham-N group showed no difference in serum lipids
      during twelve weeks. The worsening of atherosclerosis in the Spx-C group was
      considered to be mainly due to an enhanced hyperlipidemia. Their results suggest
      a possible role of the spleen in lipid metabolism, in particular the existence of
      a splenic factor that can cause hypocholesterolemia in hyperplenism and can
      suppress hyperlipidemia.

PMID- 3377270
TI  - Prevalence and prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities in
      high-risk pulmonary patients.
AB  - Information is lacking about the prevalence of, and the best method of preventing
      deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities in patients forty years or
      older with pulmonary disease that keeps them in bed for three consecutive days or
      more and who are thus at high risk of developing DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE).
      In this study, 192 high-risk patients, aged forty to ninety-two, received 125I
      fibrinogen and had daily radioactive scans, venous Doppler, and strain gauge
      plethysmography. Four preventive methods were used until patients became
      ambulatory: graded compression stockings (GCS) in 39, elastic bandages (EB) in
      33, subcutaneous administration of 5,000 USP units of heparin (HEP) bid in 39,
      and oral administration of 0.5 g of acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) bid in 35.
      Results were compared with those in 46 patients in a control group (CG). Twelve
      patients in CG, none in GCS, 4 in EB, 1 in HEP, and 2 in ASA developed DVT proved
      by contrast venography. There was a statistically significant difference between
      GCS and CG (P less than 0.0003), HEP and CG (P less than 0.0022), and ASA and CG
      (P less than 0.0148) but not between EB and CG (P greater than 0.10); no
      significant differences were found between any pair of prophylaxis groups. The
      significant differences could not be attributed to differences in age, sex, or
      length of stay in bed. PE occurred in 3 patients in CG and 1 in EB. Hemorrhagic
      complications occurred in 7 patients in HEP and 4 in ASA, requiring exclusion of
      2 patients and 1 patient, respectively, from the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3377271
TI  - Efficacy of pentoxifylline in patients with stable angina pectoris.
AB  - Pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, improves symptoms of peripheral
      vascular disease probably by reducing whole blood viscosity. The authors assessed
      the value of this agent in treating myocardial ischemia in 11 patients with
      angiographically documented coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris.
      Maximal, symptom limited treadmill exercise stress tests were performed before
      and after six weeks of therapy with 1200 mg of pentoxifylline per day. Clinical
      symptoms proved in 9 [82%] of patients; none developed drug side effects. After
      therapy, mean total exercise time [7.7 +/- 1.3 vs 10.1 +/- 1.2 minutes], time to
      onset of angina [5.5 +/- 0.9 vs 7.9 +/- 1.0 minutes], heart rate at onset of
      angina [93.4 +/- 6.7 vs 112.0 +/- 10.5 beats/min] and rate at onset of ST
      depression [94.0 +/- 5.8 vs 115.9 +/- 7.4 beats/min] all increased significantly
      [p less than 0.05]. Mean maximum ST segment depression also decreased [1.6 +/-
      0.3 vs 1.2 +/- 0.4mm], but the difference was not significant. Thus,
      pentoxifylline increases exercise performance in patients with angina pectoris
      and increases exercise capacity before development of of myocardial ischemia. It
      may, therefore, be a useful agent for treating ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 3377272
TI  - Hemorheologic treatment of cerebral reversible ischemic episodes with
      pentoxifylline--a prospective study.
AB  - One hundred patients (49 males, 51 females) with reversible neurologic deficit
      due to cerebral ischemia of vascular origin in the carotid artery territory were
      recruited for a long-term observation to follow up recurrence of ischemic events.
      Fifty-eight patients (mean age sixty-four years) were treated daily with 1200 mg
      oral pentoxifylline in addition to basic therapy (antihypertensives, antidiabetic
      drugs, etc), and 42 matching patients (mean age sixty-two years) of a control
      group had no pentoxifylline or other hemorheologic medication. The mean
      observation period was fifty-six months (range thirty-six to sixty). On admission
      patients presented with increased platelet aggregation and/or impaired red cell
      filterability and with enhanced red cell aggregation. Five patients in the
      pentoxifylline group (8.6%) and 16 control patients (38%) suffered a relapse of
      an ischemic episode. These data support previous reports of a beneficial effect
      of pentoxifylline in the prevention of cerebral ischemic events.

PMID- 3377273
TI  - Morphodynamic interpretation of acute coronary thrombosis, with special reference
      to volcano-like eruption of atheromatous plaque caused by coronary artery spasm.
AB  - Routine autopsy studies of hearts with coronary thrombosis, collected over a
      period of eleven years, showed unique morphologic features of rupture of soft
      atheromatous plaques. These features include: (1) irregular luminar outline:
      angulation, invagination, upheaval, and/or wrinkles, (2) wavy outline of
      atheromatous cavity, (3) volcano-like rupture with seepage or gushing of
      semiliquid atheromatous contents into lumen, (4) cholesterol crystals arranged in
      rheologic vector direction, (5) rupture of deeper intimal fibrous tissue, (6) one
      or multiple intimal upheavals, (7) focal thickening of contracted media, (8)
      vestige of volcano-like eruption with organized thrombus, and (9) old thrombotic
      occlusion with wavy appearance of thick intimal fibrous tissue. The authors
      present a dynamic model of vasoconstriction or artery spasm that accounts for
      these features and the rupture of soft atheromatous plaques.

PMID- 3377274
TI  - The apoprotein pattern in normolipemic peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - The relationship between peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and plasma apoproteins
      has still not been well defined. The lipid and apoprotein pattern of a group of
      20 normolipemic patients affected by peripheral vascular disease has been
      compared with 20 healthy normolipemic subjects. Mean triglyceride plasma levels
      were higher in normolipemic patients than in the healthy controls (107.8 +/- 31.5
      mg% vs 73.3 +/- 28.6 mg%; p less than 0.03) while mean HDL-cholesterol values
      were significantly lower (36.5 +/- 5.4 mg% vs 44.4 +/- 7.1 mg%; p less than
      0.003). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the mean
      values of the apoproteins AI (112.1 +/- 41.2 mg% in PVD vs 117.2 +/- 17.7 mg% in
      controls), AII (45.1 +/- 12.2 mg% vs 50.1 +/- 11.1 mg%), B (93.7 +/- 23.5 mg% vs
      91.3 +/- 21.6 mg%), CII (3.9 +/- 2.6 mg% vs 2.6 +/- 1.7 mg%), CIII (6.7 +/- 1.5
      vs 5.9 +/- 1.4 mg%) and E (3.09 +/- 1.4 mg% vs 3.3 +/- 0.9 mg%). On the contrary
      the mean triglyceride/Apo-E ratio was higher in PVD patients than in the controls
      (52.3 +/- 42 vs 23.3 +/- +/- 10; p less than 0.03).

PMID- 3377275
TI  - A comparative study of major histocompatibility complex antigens in east African
      and European cattle breeds.
AB  - An account is given of the serologically defined class I specificities encoded by
      the bovine MHC (expressed as the BoLA system) in two populations of African
      cattle and in European breeds. The BoLA typing was performed using alloantisera
      raised against tissue antigens of both European and African breeds of cattle. All
      of the specificities agreed in the first two international BoLA workshops were
      found in the African cattle, although there were significant differences in the
      frequency of some specificities between the African and European animals. Many of
      the European antisera, which are operationally monospecific in Bos taurus cattle,
      were multispecific in the African animals. Subgroups of two specificities (w8 and
      w10) were demonstrated. Five new BoLA-A locus alleles were detected by means of
      antisera raised against alloantigens of African cattle. Two of these occurred at
      an extremely high frequency in the African populations; one being unique to these
      cattle. Monoclonal antibodies proved to be useful typing reagents, particularly
      in the elucidation of subgroups.

PMID- 3377276
TI  - Electrophoretic variants of serum transferrin in wild pig populations of Japan.
AB  - Variants of serum transferrin in Japanese wild pig, Sus scrofa leucomystax, and
      Ryukyu wild pig, S.s. riukiuanus, of Japan were investigated by using starch gel
      electrophoresis. Five phenotypes, TfB, BC, C, CX and X, were observed, of which
      two, TfCX and X, are new variants. Comparison of gene frequency estimates which
      were calculated for each population showed remarkable geographic differences
      among several populations of these two subspecies.

PMID- 3377277
TI  - The red cell 'X'-protein system in goats: evidence for a third allele in a
      Malaysian breed.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism of the 'X'-protein in red cells from Malaysian Katjang goats
      was demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.3. Two new phenotypes were
      observed, suggesting that one new allele is involved. A new nomenclature for the
      'X'-protein system in goats is proposed.

PMID- 3377278
TI  - The A system of horse erythrocyte alloantigens: a new allele and another look at
      factor Ae.
AB  - Family data are presented for a new allele (Aabdg) in the A system of horse
      erythrocyte alloantigens which includes factors Aa and Ab traditionally thought
      to be products of allelic genes. Evidence for incorrect assignment of the
      codominant factor Ae in the presence of Ab and Ac and the absence of Aa is
      discussed.

PMID- 3377279
TI  - Preliminary evidence for a fourth allele at the phosphohexose isomerase (Phi)
      locus of horse erythrocytes.
AB  - A fourth allele at the horse erythrocyte phosphohexose isomerase (Phi) locus was
      proposed to account for phenotypes observed after starch gel electrophoresis and
      enzymatic staining of red cell lysates from American Saddlebred and Tennessee
      Walking Horse breeds. The gene was rare, having an estimated frequency of 0.009
      in 949 Saddlebreds tested.

PMID- 3377280
TI  - A third variant of glucose phosphate isomerase in pigs.
AB  - A new variant of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), also known as phosphohexose
      isomerase (PHI), was detected in a primitive pig population.

PMID- 3377281
TI  - Haemoglobin polymorphism in Norwegian red cattle.
AB  - By the use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and the Immobiline
      method at pH range 7.1-7.7, three haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in
      Norwegian Red Cattle. Two one-band phenotypes named HbA4 and HbA6 occurred in
      unequal proportions in their two-band combination type with the cathodal HbA6
      being the stronger. In 76 dam-offspring pairs the distribution of phenotypes were
      in agreement with codominant single gene inheritance. In an unselected material
      of 140 animals, gene frequencies were HbA4 = 0.94 and HbA6 = 0.06.

PMID- 3377282
TI  - Joint report of the first international comparison test on swine lymphocyte
      alloantigens (SLA).
AB  - The first international comparison test on swine lymphocyte alloantigens (SLA)
      was held in Helsinki, Finland in July 1986. The results reported were based on a
      comparison of 157 alloantisera originating from six laboratories. The antisera
      were tested against a selected panel of 264 lymphocyte samples belonging to four
      laboratories. The most common breeds in Europe were chosen for this first
      comparison test (Landrace and Large White). Eighteen of the 31 previously known
      specificities were confirmed and a new nomenclature was established.

PMID- 3377283
TI  - Predictive value of the ECG in determining cardiac resuscitation outcome in a
      canine model of postcountershock electromechanical dissociation after prolonged
      ventricular fibrillation.
AB  - The purpose of our study was to determine if the surface ECG in postcountershock
      electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is of value in predicting return of
      effective myocardial contractile function during CPR. Nine dogs were subjected to
      five minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) without CPR followed by
      countershock and closed-chest CPR. Intravascular pressures, coronary perfusion
      pressure, and coronary sinus flow were measured during conventional CPR. After
      countershock, and before CPR, the frequencies of the following ECG variables were
      assessed: the presence or absence of P waves, an abnormal QRS duration (greater
      than 100 ms), a prolonged QTc (greater than 430 ms), and a bradyarrhythmia (QRS
      rate less than 60/min). Twenty-three episodes of postcountershock EMD were
      studied. Countershock after prolonged VF without CPR was always followed by EMD.
      The mean values of ECG variables were not significantly different (P greater than
      .05) between animals successfully resuscitated and those that were not. The
      sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of individual ECG variables in
      estimating successful cardiac resuscitation exhibited a wide range of values. The
      QTc had the highest sensitivity (1.00), but the lowest specificity (0.08). The
      presence or absence of P waves had the highest specificity (0.62), but a
      sensitivity of only 0.40. QRS rate had the greatest positive predictive value
      (0.48) but a negative predictive value of 0.46 for successful cardiac
      resuscitation. The QTc had the greatest negative predictive value (1.00) but a
      positive predictive value of only 0.45. Multiple regression analysis using the
      study ECG variables as independent variables demonstrated that ECG variables were
      not related to outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377284
TI  - Predictors of electromechanical dissociation during cardiac arrest.
AB  - ECG patterns observed during cardiac arrest were analyzed in 261 comatose cardiac
      arrest survivors. Forty-seven patients (18%) exhibited electromechanical
      dissociation (EMD) at some point before restoration of stable spontaneous
      circulation. These patients had a higher mortality (P = .05) and a lower rate of
      cerebral recovery (P = .01) during the one-year follow-up than study patients who
      did not exhibit EMD. Patients who developed EMD subsequent to defibrillation had
      better outcome than patients presenting with EMD. Multivariate analysis revealed
      that age more than 70 years old (P = .007), pulmonary disease (P less than .001),
      diabetes (P = .013, in-hospital arrests only), and prearrest hypoxemia (P = .013,
      outside-hospital arrests only) were independently predictive of the occurrence of
      EMD. Although the generalizability of these findings is limited, they may offer
      new clues to the pathophysiology of EMD.

PMID- 3377285
TI  - A rapid method for estimating weight and resuscitation drug dosages from length
      in the pediatric age group.
AB  - Drug dosages used during pediatric emergencies and resuscitation are often based
      on estimated body weight. The Broselow Tape, a tape measure that estimates weight
      and drug dosages for pediatric patients from their length, has been developed to
      facilitate proper dosing during emergencies. In our study, 937 children of known
      weight were measured with this tape. Weight estimates generated by the tape were
      found to be within 15% error for 79% of the children. The tape was found to be
      extremely accurate for children from 3.5 to 10 kg, and from 10 to 25 kg.
      Regression lines of estimated compared with actual weight for these children have
      slopes of 0.98 and 0.96, respectively, not significantly different from the ideal
      slope of 1.00 (P = 28 and .13). Accuracy was significantly decreased for measured
      children who weighed more than 25 kg. In a separate group of children (n = 53),
      the tape was shown to be more accurate than weight estimates made by residents
      and pediatric nurses (P less than .0001). Use of the Broselow Tape is a simple,
      accurate method of estimating pediatric weights and drug doses and eliminates the
      need for memorization and calculation.

PMID- 3377286
TI  - A controlled trial of prehospital advanced life support in trauma.
AB  - We compared the outcome of 472 trauma patients who required ambulance attention
      and who received prehospital advanced life support (ALS) with another similar 589
      patients who received only basic life support (BLS). Nontrapped, critically
      injured ALS patients were treated for an average of 13 minutes at the scene of
      injury, compared with 17 minutes for BLS cases (P less than .05). Seventeen of 37
      ALS deaths (36%) occurred within 24 hours of injury, compared with 24 of 33 BLS
      fatalities (73%) (P less than .05). However, the overall case fatality rate was
      similar in the two groups, and regression analyses did not demonstrate an impact
      of ALS care on mortality. ALS resuscitation did not reduce the duration of
      hospital or intensive care unit stay, or the incidence of disability after head
      injury. However, the incidence of respiratory failure in the critically injured
      patients was 5% (ALS) and 19% (BLS) (P less than .025). ALS care appeared to
      influence patient outcome during the first 24 hours after injury, but had little
      impact on the later clinical course. Our sample size was too small to rule out
      any effect of ALS on in-hospital mortality. However, the improved 24-hour
      survival associated with ALS care suggests some benefit of prehospital
      resuscitation in major trauma.

PMID- 3377287
TI  - In-hospital resuscitation following unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac
      life support: 'heroic efforts' or an exercise in futility?
AB  - From our emergency department logbook we identified 281 consecutive patients
      transported to the Regional Medical Center at Memphis following failed
      prehospital advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Medical records were obtained
      for 240 cases (85.4%). Initial cardiac rhythms in the ED included ventricular
      fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (29%), electromechanical
      dissociation (18%), and asystole (51%). Thirty-two patients (13.3%) were
      successfully resuscitated in the ED, but only four (1.7%) survived to hospital
      discharge. Two patients had good neurologic outcomes; both degenerated to cardiac
      arrest shortly prior to arrival in the ED. The remaining two survivors were
      discharged to nursing homes with severe neurologic deficits. Of the 41 cases for
      whom no medical records could be found, 39 were noted in our logbook to have died
      in the ED. No record of subsequent hospital admission could be found for the
      other two. Both are presumed to have died. Failure to respond to prehospital ACLS
      predicts nonsurvival and may warrant cessation of efforts in the field. Future
      programs and research efforts in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
      should be focused on optimal provision of prehospital care prior to the onset of
      irreversible deterioration.

PMID- 3377288
TI  - The efficacy of superactivated charcoal in treating rats exposed to a lethal oral
      dose of potassium cyanide.
AB  - Due to the apparent low binding capacity of activated charcoal for potassium
      cyanide (KCN) in vitro, the use of oral activated charcoal therapy for oral
      exposure to cyanide compounds is controversial. In our study, rats were given a
      lethal oral dose of ground granular KCN (35 or 40 mg/kg) in a gelatin capsule
      followed immediately by either 4 g/kg of superactivated charcoal in a 20%
      suspension or a similar volume of deionized water. Signs of cyanide toxicosis
      occurred rapidly, with a mean time to signs of 3.3 and 2.7 minutes in control
      animals receiving 35 or 40 mg/kg KCN, respectively. All 26 of the control rats
      showed signs, and all but one in the 35 mg/kg group died within 19 minutes. Only
      12 of 26 rats treated with superactivated charcoal showed signs of KCN toxicosis
      and eight of those animals died. Oral exposure of rats to lethal doses of KCN can
      be treated effectively by immediate administration of superactivated charcoal.

PMID- 3377289
TI  - American poison control centers: still not all the same?
AB  - Although poison control centers meeting the criteria for certification by the
      American Association of Poison Control Centers as regional centers are widely
      believed to differ from centers not meeting these criteria, this assumption has
      not recently been validated. We surveyed all poison control centers listed in the
      Emergency Medicine 1986 directory of poison control centers or in the 1986
      American Association of Poison Control Centers membership directory regarding
      their operations. Of 208 poison control centers listed, 167 (80.2%) responded; 28
      of 35 regional poison control centers (80.0%) responded, as did 139 of 173
      nonregional poison control centers (80.3%). The median annual call volume was
      3,899 for all centers. For regional poison control centers, the median was
      44,429, and for nonregional poison control centers, 1,553 (P less than .001).
      There also were highly significant differences in population served, call volume
      per capita, center staffing, medical direction, staff orientation, and follow-up
      protocols.

PMID- 3377290
TI  - Accuracy of blood pressure measurements made aboard helicopters.
AB  - Hemodynamically unstable patients will benefit from therapy to control their
      blood pressure only if this pressure can be determined with accuracy. We compared
      the accuracy of arterial blood pressure measurements taken aboard helicopters by
      palpation with a Doppler device and with an oscillometric device. Twenty
      critically ill patients who required an intra-arterial line had simultaneous
      blood pressures taken invasively and with one or more of the nonivasive
      techniques. A total of 222 comparisons was made. Error measurements are reported
      as mean +/- standard deviation; a high standard deviation implies inaccuracy in
      individual noninvasive measurements. Mean palpation error was 19 +/- 22 torr,
      mean Doppler error was 8 +/- 17 torr, mean oscillometric systolic error was 0 +/-
      33 torr, and mean oscillometric mean blood pressure measurement error was 10 +/-
      15 torr. A blood pressure undetectable by noninvasive means was no guarantee of a
      low arterial pressure: four patients with arterial systolic pressures from 45 to
      138 torr had nonpalpable pulses; three patients had systolic pressures between 98
      and 143 torr that were not detectable with the Doppler device; and two patients
      had systolic pressures of 70 and 110 torr that were undetectable by the
      oscillometric device. We conclude that aboard helicopters some ill patients
      cannot have accurate noninvasive measurement of their arterial blood pressure
      made with present technology. Relying on inaccurate blood pressure measurements
      may lead to therapeutic mishaps.

PMID- 3377291
TI  - A comparison of an innovative four-hour EMT-D course with a 'standard' ten-hour
      course.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine if a four-hour emergency medical technician
      defibrillation (EMT-D) course could produce student skills equivalent to a
      "standard" ten-hour EMT-D course. Two matched groups of EMTs were established,
      one of which was instructed by a four-hour course (study group) while the other
      (control group) entered a "standard" ten-hour course. On both written and
      practical testing, one week and 18 months after the completion of the course, the
      study group was comparable to the control group. These results indicate that the
      more cost-effective four-hour course can be used, thus encouraging the widespread
      availability of cardiac defibrillation by EMTs.

PMID- 3377292
TI  - Railroad accidents: a metropolitan experience of death and injury.
AB  - A review of all railroad-related deaths and significant injuries that occurred in
      a medium-sized metropolitan area from January 1, 1979, to June 30, 1986, was
      conducted. Autopsy reports were obtained for each fatality, and pre-hospital data
      were retrieved for all railroad-related injuries resulting in emergency medical
      services dispatch. There were ten fatalities (24%) and 31 survivors. The average
      age was 31.2 years (range, 1 to 67). Thirty-seven (90%) were men. Eleven persons
      (27%) were intoxicated (average blood alcohol of 279 mg/dL; range, 140 to 460).
      Of the 30 survivors transported, hospital records were available for 24. Thirteen
      were hospitalized and ten underwent surgery. Six major amputations occurred among
      survivors. Six patients had an Injury Severity Score of more than 15. Three
      mechanisms of injury occurred: falls on or from a train (56%); pedestrians hit by
      a train (41%), which accounted for all fatalities; and a train-automobile
      accident. This is the first comprehensive review of all significant railroad
      related injuries in a metropolitan area.

PMID- 3377293
TI  - ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with bundle branch
      block.
AB  - The ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the setting of bundle branch block
      is one that most physicians find difficult and that many erroneously believe to
      be impossible. Two case reports of a patient with right bundle branch block and
      of a patient with left bundle branch block are presented to illustrate instances
      in which the ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction was both possible and
      essential. Methods for detecting ECG changes that indicate acute myocardial
      injury in the patient with bundle branch block are presented and applied to these
      cases.

PMID- 3377294
TI  - External cardiac pacing in right ventricular infarction.
AB  - A patient with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction presented with clinical
      evidence of right ventricular infarction complicated by bradycardia and
      cardiogenic shock. Pharmacologic interventions produced no change in heart rate
      or blood pressure, and a transvenous pacemaker failed to capture the infarcting
      right ventricle. An external transthoracic pacemaker immediately increased the
      heart rate with a marked hemodynamic improvement. In the setting of right
      ventricular infarction, external pacing may be more effective than transvenous
      pacing, perhaps due to its ability to pace the left ventricle.

PMID- 3377295
TI  - IM midazolam for status epilepticus in the emergency department.
AB  - A 71-year-old man presented with a continuous generalized tonic-clonic seizure of
      80 minutes duration. Multiple attempts to establish an IV line failed. Ten
      milligrams of midazolam hydrochloride was administered IM and was followed by
      prompt termination of seizure activity. This report discusses the pharmacokinetic
      and anticonvulsant properties of midazolam as an alternative to diazepam for the
      initial treatment of status epilepticus.

PMID- 3377296
TI  - Keeping the promise.

PMID- 3377297
TI  - Advanced life support in prehospital trauma care: an intervention in search of an
      indication?

PMID- 3377298
TI  - The farmer and the cowman should be friends: emergency physicians and
      cardiologists must work together to ensure rapid initiation of thrombolytic
      therapy.

PMID- 3377299
TI  - The importance of dosage form design in drug overdoses.

PMID- 3377300
TI  - Calculating sorbitol dosage.

PMID- 3377301
TI  - Actual clinical settings and the use of activated charcoal.

PMID- 3377302
TI  - Emergency department design and patient flow.

PMID- 3377303
TI  - Vaccination of pregnant guinea pigs with Campylobacter fetus: effects of antigen
      dose, Campylobacter strain, and adjuvant type.
AB  - For the purpose of developing and improving vaccines to protect cattle against
      bovine genital campylobacteriosis, the interaction of vaccine dose, strain(s) of
      Campylobacter fetus, and type of adjuvant was studied in the pregnant guinea pig
      model. Five strains of C fetus were used in the preparation of 20 monovalent
      vaccines containing various doses of bacteria (0.1 mg to 20 mg, dry weight) in
      Freund incomplete adjuvant, Freund complete adjuvant, or aluminum hydroxide gel
      adjuvant. Vaccinal protection against homologous or heterologous challenge
      exposure with viable C fetus strains was measured in terms of infection,
      abortion, and serum antibody titers. Major emphasis in the study was placed on
      vaccines containing highly virulent C fetus subsp venerealis strains (1289 and
      17761) that possess most of the heat-labile K antigens that have been identified.
      Vaccines incorporating strain 1289 provided greater protection against abortion
      than did strain 17761 vaccines (difference, 29%; P less than 0.05). A positive (P
      = 0.61) correlation was seen between protection from abortion and strain 1289
      serum antibody titer. When the titer was greater than or equal to 4, protection
      was greater than 80%, whereas abortion was associated with a serum antibody titer
      less than or equal to 2. In an experiment comparing 2-mg vs 20-mg doses of strain
      17761 prepared in aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, protection against challenge
      exposure with the heterologous strain 23 was significantly (P less than 0.05)
      lower than that against challenge exposure with the homologous strain at the 2-mg
      dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377304
TI  - Campylobacter jejuni infections in gnotobiotic pigs.
AB  - At 3 days of age, 12 gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated orally with broth cultures
      of Campylobacter jejuni. One pig was euthanatized and evaluated each day for 12
      days. In the cecum and colon, there was diffuse edema, neutrophilic infiltration,
      and sloughing of epithelial cells from the mucosa on postinoculation days (PID) 2
      through 5. Dysplastic colonic crypt epithelial cells were observed in the
      submucosa of the colon on PID 5 through 12. Curved, rod-shaped bacteria were
      detected on the surface of ileal, cecal, and colic absorptive and glandular
      epithelial cells. Bacteria also were found around small submucosal vessels on PID
      3 and 4 and were associated with numerous perivascular neutrophils. The
      gnotobiotic pig appears to provide a simple, well-controlled in vivo model for
      the study of the pathogenesis of C jejuni infections in human beings, pigs, and
      other mammals.

PMID- 3377305
TI  - Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in adult ewes by inoculation in the
      external ear.
AB  - Caseous lymphadenitis, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, was studied
      in ewes to devise a reliable method of induced infection that would help to
      understand mechanisms by which abscesses develop in lymph nodes or internal
      organs, especially the lungs. Fifteen adult ewes, from a flock where the
      occurrence of caseous lymphadenitis was unknown, were inoculated SC in the
      auricle with various doses of a virulent strain of C pseudotuberculosis. Ewes
      inoculated with at least 10(8) viable corynebacteria develop a strong local
      reaction that was apparent 4 hours after challenge exposure and lasted 7 to 14
      days. Of these ewes, all developed at least 1 abscess and 3 developed multiple
      abscesses in lymph nodes draining the inoculated auricle and in the lungs. All
      infected ewes developed a strong antibody response against C pseudotuberculosis
      exotoxin, which persisted for 3 months. Of 9 ewes infected with 1.2 X 10(8)
      corynebacteria, 3 developed lesions because of field strains of C
      pseudotuberculosis and had an increased capacity to limit the dissemination of
      challenge-inoculum bacteria by developing only one abscess in the draining lymph
      node (parotid or prescapular lymph node). Seemingly, inoculation in the external
      ear was a suitable method for obtaining a reproducible infection and indicated
      that a primary infection might protect against reinfection by limiting
      dissemination of C pseudotuberculosis.

PMID- 3377306
TI  - Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows.
AB  - The progression of aflatoxicosis was evaluated in growing crossbred barrows given
      0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed for 28 days (6 to 10 weeks of
      age). On day 28, pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, and tissues were removed
      for histologic examination. Body weight gains were decreased in barrows fed 2 mg
      of AF/kg after 7 days and in barrows fed 1 mg of AF/Kg after 14 days. By 28 days,
      all barrows fed AF had decreased body weights and weight gains. Compared with
      decreased in all barrows fed AF. Neither liver weights nor bone ash values were
      altered, although liver lipid values were increased in barrows fed AF. Serum
      aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase
      activities were increased in barrows fed AF, whereas creatine kinase activity was
      decreased. Aflatoxin diets resulted in decreases in serum concentrations of urea
      nitrogen, phosphorus, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Histologic
      alterations in liver included interlobular fibrosis, periportal lipidosis, bile
      duct hyperplasia, and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocytes in the
      thymus were depleted, and numbers of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow were
      reduced. The frequency and severity of lesions increased with increased doses of
      AF.

PMID- 3377307
TI  - Fate of [14C]coumaphos after dermal application to lactating goats as a pour-on
      formulation.
AB  - Two lactating Nubian goats were dermally treated with [14C]coumaphos (O-[3-chloro
      4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-benzopyran-7-yl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate) as a 4% active
      ingredient pour-on formulation. Doses were administered, along the dorsal midline
      from withers to sacrum, at a rate equivalent to 14 mg of coumaphos/kg of body
      weight. During the 7 days after treatment, an average of less than 0.1, 4.7, and
      1% of the administered dose was eliminated in the milk, urine, and feces,
      respectively. When goats were killed after 7 days, about 45% of the administered
      radiocarbon remained on the hair and skin, and this consisted almost entirely of
      intact coumaphos. Residues in selected tissues collected after 7 days were, in
      every case, less than 1 mg of coumaphos equivalent/kg of tissue, with highest
      residues in adipose tissue, followed by residues in kidney and liver. In milk,
      residue amounts plateaued after about 2 days and remained relatively constant at
      about 0.1 mg of coumaphos equivalent/kg of milk. Residues in adipose tissue and
      in milk consisted mainly of unmetabolized coumaphos. In urine, most radiocarbon
      was present as metabolites of coumaphos, but in feces, most radiocarbon was
      present as the intact parent compound. Coumaphos was absorbed slowly and at a
      constant rate after dermal application to lactating goats as a pour-on
      formulation.

PMID- 3377308
TI  - Clinical, clinicopathologic, pathologic, and toxicologic alterations associated
      with gossypol toxicosis in feeder lambs.
AB  - The toxicity of gossypol was studied in 20, 8-week-old feeder lambs that weighed
      approximately 16 kg. The lambs were allotted to 4 groups (A, B, C, D) and given
      (orally for 30 days) a daily dosage of gossypol (0, 45, 136, or 409 mg,
      respectively). Lambs were observed twice daily until they died or were
      euthanatized on the day the last dose was given. Clinical, electrocardiographic,
      clinicopathologic, pathologic, and toxicologic findings were recorded. All lambs
      given 409 mg of gossypol (group D) died before the end of the 30-day study. In
      this group, clinical signs included sudden death and/or chronic dyspnea
      syndromes. One group-B lamb had chronic dyspnea, but did not die.
      Electrocardiographic abnormalities observed in gossypol-treated lambs included
      increased amplitude of the T wave and decreased duration of the ST segment.
      Clinicopathologic alterations in group-D lambs included high serum total lactate
      dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase liver-specific isoenzyme activities.
      Serum total creatine kinase activity decreased markedly in lambs of all groups
      treated with gossypol. Hemoglobinuria was detected in 2 group-D lambs. The
      average daily weight gain was remarkably consistent in lambs of all groups,
      except in 1 lamb each of groups D and B. Lambs were necropsied when they died or
      on day 30 of the study. The heart of gossypol-treated lambs weighted more than
      did that of untreated (control group A) lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377309
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for Anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay is described for use in the detection of Anaplasma marginale
      antibodies in cattle sera. Optimal sensitivity and specificity were obtained by
      using 2 antigens, an A marginale antigen and a RBC antigen (obtained before
      infection was established) from the same calf. In addition, sera were preabsorbed
      with RBC from healthy cattle and with sonicated Babesia bovis. Of 86 sera
      obtained from cattle with A marginale infection (as determined by blood smear
      examination or by results of subinoculation of blood from such infected cattle
      into splenectomized calves), 85 had positive results by use of this test. Of 100
      sera obtained from cattle raised in an anaplasmosis-free area, 98 yielded
      negative results, and sera obtained from 35 cattle (97 sera) infected with B
      bigemina and from 18 cattle infected with Theileria orientalis yielded negative
      results. By use of this test, 99 of 100 sera obtained from cattle with B bovis
      infection were negative for A marginale. Anaplasma marginale antibodies were
      detected in 18 cattle that had been pastured in a Boophilus microplus-free area
      for 2 years after natural infection. After 3 years, 16 of these cattle were still
      seropositive for A marginale. Sixteen cattle pastured in a Bo microplus-infested
      area had detectable antibody against A marginale 27 months after initial
      infection with A marginale. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were assessed
      as 98.8% for each.

PMID- 3377310
TI  - Plasma pyruvate kinase activity vs creatine kinase activity as an indicator of
      the porcine stress syndrome.
AB  - Plasma pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK) activities were increased
      significantly (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively) in
      homozygote halothane-reacting pigs (nn), compared with those activities in
      homozygote nonreacting pigs (NN). Pyruvate kinase activity was less variable
      within groups than was CK activity, allowing more effective discrimination
      between nn and NN geno-types. The PK and CK activities in plasma increase with
      age in halothane-reacting pigs and the nonreacting pigs. Enzyme activities in
      heterozygote (Nn) nonreacting pigs did not differ significantly (P greater than
      0.05) from enzyme activities of homozygote (NN) nonreacting pigs. Although PK was
      better than CK in identifying stress-susceptible pigs, age-related effects and
      the failure to identify heterozygotes may restrict the use of plasma PK activity
      as a diagnostic test for the stress syndrome.

PMID- 3377311
TI  - Identification of species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides of
      Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae.
AB  - Temporal antisera (TA) prepared in susceptible Leg-horn-type chickens against
      Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M synoviae were evaluated to determine the extent of
      cross-reactivity in ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Species-specific
      and interspecies-specific polypeptides were identified after electrophoretic
      separation and protein immunoblotting with reference antisera, TA, and a
      monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum. Mycoplasma gallisepticum
      antiserum cross-reacted with M synoviae polypeptides in ELISA and TA immunoblots.
      Two major M synoviae polypeptides (88 and 53 kilodaltons [kD]) cross-reacted with
      M gallisepticum antisera in TA immunoblots. An M gallisepticum polypeptide of 70
      kD cross-reacted with M synoviae in TA immunoblots. In contrast, M gallisepticum
      and M synoviae reference antisera cross-reacted when immunoblotted with
      heterologous antigens. A monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum bound
      to a 69-kD polypeptide in lectin-purified and whole-cell M gallisepticum protein
      fractions in immunoblot assays. The lectin-purified fraction hemagglutinated
      chicken RBC. Seemingly, the 69-kD polypeptide may constitute all or part of the M
      gallisepticum hemagglutinin.

PMID- 3377312
TI  - Epidermal cell renewal in the horse.
AB  - Epidermal cell labeling index and cell renewal time were estimated in 8 adult
      horses, using autoradiography after [3H]thymidine was given intradermally. The
      mean labeling index was 1.45 +/- 0.47%, and the mean cell renewal time of the
      viable epidermis was approximately 17 days.

PMID- 3377313
TI  - Neurophysiologic maps of the cutaneous innervation of the external genitalia of
      the ewe.
AB  - The area of skin supplied by the afferent fibers in a peripheral nerve is called
      the cutaneous area (CA) of that nerve. The CA responsive to movement of wool or
      hair in the genital regions were mapped in 17 ewes, with the identifications of
      the peripheral nerves and of the spinal nerves contributing to the pudendal
      plexus being checked at necropsy. Differences were found in the origins and
      extent of CA of the cutaneous branches from the sacral plexus. The CA of the
      caudal rectal nerves and of a nerve that passed caudally between the caudal
      vertebrae and the ventral sacrococcygeus muscle lay lateral to the anus and in
      the adjacent skin of the tail. The CA of the proximal cutaneous branch and of the
      distal cutaneous branch from the pudendal nerve (or plexus) overlapped
      craniocaudally (by approx one-half) the CA of the distal cutaneous branch
      extending ventrally and ending just caudal to the ipsilateral mammary gland. The
      deep perineal nerve innervated the skin immediately lateral to the anus and
      vulva. The dorsal nerve of the clitoris innervated hairs on the ipsilateral half
      of the vulva. Other fibers in the pudendal nerve were presumed to pass into the
      mammary branch of the nerve. They innervated the skin ventral to the vulva, the
      ipsilateral mammary gland, and (in some ewes) areas of the skin cranial to the
      mammary gland. The CA of the genitofemoral nerve included the ipsilateral teat
      and the inguinal fossa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377314
TI  - Effect of butorphanol, pentazocine, meperidine, or metoclopramide on intestinal
      motility in female ponies.
AB  - Effect of butorphanol, pentazocine, meperidine, and metoclopramide on jejunal and
      pelvic flexure myoelectric and mechanical activity in 4 female ponies was
      investigated. The agent to be tested or saline solution was administered IV at
      the start of a 6-hour recording trial. In the jejunum, duration between activity
      fronts of regular spiking activity, defined as the length of the migrating
      myoelectric complex (MMC), was measured. The average duration of the MMC during
      control trials was 150 +/- 46 minutes. The average duration of the MMC after
      meperidine, butorphanol, pentazocine, and metoclopramide administration was 295
      +/- 70 minutes, 260 +/- 60 minutes, 275 +/- 60 minutes, and 163 +/- 64 minutes,
      respectively. Meperidine, butorphanol, or pentazocine significantly increased the
      MMC duration (P less than 0.05), and did not significantly alter the pelvic
      flexure activity. Seemingly, meperidine, butorphanol, and pentazocine inhibited
      cyclic myoelectric activity in the jejunum. Metoclopramide had no effect on
      jejunal or pelvic flexure motility.

PMID- 3377315
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ceftriaxone administered intravenously
      and intramuscularly to calves.
AB  - Ceftriaxone was administered to Israeli-Friesian male calves by IV and IM routes.
      The antibiotic was administered IV (10 mg/kg) to 10 calves and IM to 23 calves; 8
      were given the antibiotic at the rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight, 5 were given 20
      mg/kg, and 10 were given 10 mg/kg, together with probenecid at 40 mg/kg. Serum
      concentration vs time profiles measured after IV and IM administration were
      analyzed by use of statistical moment theory. The following mean values +/- SD
      were found: elimination half-life (t1/2) was 83.8 +/- 8.6 minutes after IV
      administration and significantly longer 116.8 +/- 20.5 minutes (P less than
      0.001) after IM administration at 10 mg/kg. The t1/2 was increased to 141.3 +/-
      24.4 minutes by the coadministration of probenecid and to 145.0 +/- 48.2 minutes
      by doubling the IM dosage to 20 mg/kg. The total body clearance was 3.39 +/- 0.42
      ml/min/kg and the renal clearance 2.37 +/- 0.74 ml/min/kg. The specific volume of
      distribution was 0.2990 +/- 0.0510 L/kg. The average mean residence time (MRT)
      was 94.0 +/- 12.3 minutes after IV administration and 137.6 +/- 19.9 minutes
      after IM administration of ceftriaxone at 10 mg/kg. The MRT was increased to 198
      +/- 48.8 minutes by the coadministration of probenecid and to 191.0 +/- 59.4
      minutes by doubling the IM dose. The former value was significantly different
      from the MRT after IM administration of the antibiotic at 10 mg/kg.
      Bioavailability of ceftriaxone after IM administration at 10 mg/kg and at 20
      mg/kg was 78% and 83%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377316
TI  - Moment analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout in healthy female goats and
      calves.
AB  - Moment analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout curves was performed for healthy
      female goats and calves. Curves were plotted, using dimensionless coordinates
      that minimized effects of alveolar ventilation changes. Results were expressed as
      the ratio of the first to the zeroth moments, mu 1/mu 0. Variability using this
      method was compared with that of a graphic analysis technique from which an
      uncorrected slope of a portion of the washout curve (B1/2) and a slope index
      corrected for lung and tidal volume (the nitrogen dilution constant) can be
      derived. Mean moment ratios on the basis of pooled data for 4 goats and 3 calves
      were 2.04 +/- 0.29 and 2.38 +/- 0.17, respectively. These values represent the
      weighted average number of times the resting lung volume was diluted with 100%
      O2; the lower the value, the relatively more uniform the distribution of
      intrapulmonary gas. The coefficient of variation within and between subjects was
      smallest using moment analysis and was greatest for the B1/2. Variability
      expressed as SD was similar between the moment ratio and nitrogen dilution
      constant and was greatest for the B1/2.

PMID- 3377317
TI  - Influence of alterations in heart rate on echocardiographic measurements in the
      dog.
AB  - M-mode echocardiograms were recorded from 10 conscious, clinically normal dogs at
      various heart rates during atrial pacing. Heart rate was recorded as cycle length
      (seconds), and measurements were made only during sustained 1:1 atrial-to
      ventricular conduction. In all dogs studied, there was a significant (P less than
      0.01) positive correlation of left ventricular internal chamber dimension in
      diastole and systole to cycle length. Also, there was positive correlation
      between these left ventricular dimensions and the square root of cycle length,
      which predicted a plateau in dimensional changes as cycle length increased.
      Echocardiographic shortening fraction and left ventricular and septal wall
      thickness measurements did not change consistently during pacing. We concluded
      that left ventricular chamber dimensions in the dog may be significantly affected
      by alterations in heart rate.

PMID- 3377318
TI  - Evaluation of praziquantel against induced Nanophyetus salmincola infections in
      coyotes and dogs.
AB  - Efficacy of praziquantel against Nanophyetus salmincola, the trematode vector of
      salmon poisoning disease, was determined in coyotes (n = 29) and dogs (n = 25).
      The 10- to 14-week-old animals were fed fish or fish kidneys that contained
      metacercariae of N salmincola. To prevent salmon poisoning disease, all animals
      were treated with tetracycline on days 8 and 9 after they were fed fish. Ten days
      after ingestion of infected fish, 19 coyotes and 12 dogs were treated once with
      praziquantel, administered SC or IM, at dosages between 6.68 and 38.73 mg/kg of
      body weight. Within 8 days after treatment, the numbers of trematode eggs in
      feces and trematodes recovered from the small intestine were reduced by greater
      than 99% when compared with untreated controls. Signs of drug toxicosis were not
      observed. On the basis of these results, praziquantel at doses approved for use
      in dogs against cestodes was highly effective against N salmincola in coyotes and
      dogs.

PMID- 3377319
TI  - Seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of beef calves grazed on
      irrigated pastures in the lower Sacramento Valley of California.
AB  - Two worm-free calves were allowed to graze on irrigated pasture with a naturally
      infected herd for each of 34 one-month periods from November 1979 to August 1982.
      After each grazing period, the calves were transferred to a cement-floored pen
      for 3 weeks and then were euthanatized and necropsied. Ostertagia ostertagi and
      Cooperia oncophora were the most prevalent species of nematodes recovered. Adults
      and larvae of Ostertagia spp and Cooperia spp were most numerous in winter and
      spring and least numerous during summer. The proportions of Ostertagia spp that
      were inhibited as fourth-stage larvae increased in late fall, peaked from March
      through April, and then decreased to low values during summer. The maximal
      inhibition in 1980, 1981, and 1982 was 72, 65, and 62%, respectively. The number
      of larval Cooperia spp was highest in winter months and, except for one grazing
      period when 55% of the Cooperia spp were larvae, the total numbers represented
      less than 15% of the nematode population during all grazing periods. Other
      nematodes encountered were Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus spp, O lyrata, and O
      occidentalis in the abomasum; C surnabata, C punctata, Nematodirus helvetianus, T
      colubriformis, and Bunostomum phlebotomum in the small intestine; and
      Oesophagostomum venulosum and Trichuris ovis in the large intestine.

PMID- 3377321
TI  - Scrotal circumference, seminal characteristics, and testicular lesions of
      yearling Angus bulls.
AB  - The effect of age and body weight on scrotal circumference (SC), the effect of SC
      on percentage of sperm abnormalities and seminal characteristics, and the
      relationship of SC with testicular weight, epididymidal weight, degree of
      germinal epithelial loss (DGEL), and percentage of tubules graded 4 or greater
      (G4+) were studied in 37 Angus bulls. All bulls were from one herd and were
      examined at monthly intervals, during a 140-day weight gain test starting when
      they were 11 months old. The study was terminated when the bulls were slaughtered
      at 14 months of age. As age and body weight increased, SC increased (P less than
      0.001). The incidence of sperm abnormalities decreased (P less than 0.001) as SC
      increased; however, seminal characteristics remained poor in bulls with SC less
      than or equal to 32 cm. Pathologic changes in 600 cross sections of seminiferous
      tubules from each bull were classified into 9 grades. The DGEL per 100 tubules
      was calculated by assigning a value to each grade according to the severity of
      loss of germinal epithelium. Tubules classified as G4+ were devoid of germinal
      cells and provided an index of irreversible loss of germinal epithelium. The SC
      was correlated positively with testicular weight (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001)
      and epididymal weight (r = 0.59, P less than 0.001) and negatively with DGEL (r =
      -0.48, P less than 0.01) and G4+ (r = -0.44, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377320
TI  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced liver disease in horses: an early diagnosis.
AB  - Nine adult horses were fed alfalfa hay cubes containing approximately 10% Senecio
      vulgaris until all horses had consumed approximately the same amount of toxic
      components of S vulgaris, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). The amount of PA consumed
      was determined by the amount that induced clinical signs of PA toxicosis in 3
      horses. The 6 other horses were given similar amounts per kilogram of body
      weight. An initial decrease of feed intake was observed when horses' diets were
      changed from alfalfa cubes to alfalfa/Senecio cubes, and feed intake was
      decreased further over 89 to 98 days. From 50 to 159 days, body weight decreased
      in all horses. Liver disease was induced in all 9 horses after they ate an
      average of 233 +/- 9.2 mg of PA/kg of body weight. Eight horses died or were
      euthanatized. Treatment with branched chain amino acids had no effect on
      mortality, but appeared to reduce neurologic problems. Clinical signs of PA
      induced liver disease included ataxia, head pressing, and decreased feed intake.
      Other clinical signs of toxicosis were observed individual horses, but did not
      develop in most horses. Megalocytic hepatopathy developed. Liver abnormalities
      proceeded as PA was consumed and were severe in 8 of 9 horses before clinical
      signs of toxicosis appeared. Sulfobromophthalein sodium clearance did not
      decrease until PA-induced liver disease was advanced. Bile acid (BA)
      concentrations increased to greater than or equal to 50 mumol/L, in the 8 horses
      that died. One horse had hepatopathy and increased BA concentration, but
      survived. In this horse, BA concentration peaked at 33 mumol/L and then
      decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377322
TI  - In vitro comparison of three fixation methods for humeral fracture repair in
      adult horses.
AB  - The stiffness, load to failure, and bending moments of adult intact equine humeri
      and humeri repaired with 3 fixation techniques were determined in vitro. Bones
      were tested in axial compression (30 pairs), mediolateral 3-point bending (15
      pairs), and caudocranial 3-point bending (15 pairs). An oblique osteotomy of 1
      humerus of each pair was performed to simulate the long spiral oblique fractures
      that occur clinically in horses. Bones were repaired in 3 ways: group 1--nylon
      band cerclage fixation (20 bones); group 2--multiple intramedullary pinning (20
      bones); and group 3--nylon band cerclage fixation and multiple intramedullary
      pinning (20 bones). Intact bones were significantly (P less than 0.05) stronger
      than repaired bones in each testing mode. Bones repaired with bands only were
      significantly less stiff in bending than were bones repaired with pins only or
      with pins and bands. In compression, only specimens repaired with pins and bands
      were significantly stiffer than were bones repaired with bands only. Bones
      repaired with bands only required significantly less load to failure in
      compression and in caudocranial bending than did bones repaired with pins only or
      with pins and bands. Bones repaired with pins only deformed through the full
      displacement of the actuator (5 cm), and pins deformed plastically. Bones
      repaired with pins and bands were stiffer and had higher bending moments than did
      bones repaired with pins only, but the differences were not significant.

PMID- 3377323
TI  - HMOs: the view from the right.

PMID- 3377324
TI  - Comparison between externally stented and unstented PTFE vascular grafts.
AB  - It has been suggested that external stenting of synthetic vascular prosthetic
      material may improve patency rates in the low flow situation or across joints.
      This study compared externally stented polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular
      grafts placed across the hip joint in dogs with nonstented PTFE grafts in regard
      to patency. Twenty animals underwent bilateral common iliac to common femoral
      artery bypass with proximal ligation of the femoral artery. In each animal one
      groin was randomly assigned to receive stented PTFE and the other nonstented
      PTFE. One animal was sacrificed at 2 weeks for graft infection. Nineteen animals
      received 38 grafts that remained in place 90-120 days. Patency was confirmed with
      angiography prior to sacrifice. Overall patency was 65 per cent with no
      significant difference between the two types of graft. Eighteen of 19 dogs (95%)
      had both the stented and nonstented PTFE grafts either open or closed. It is
      concluded that intrinsic factors, rather than external graft support, are a more
      important influence on graft patency in this model.

PMID- 3377325
TI  - Mechanism and management of persistent withdrawal occlusion.
AB  - An unresolved complication of the use of totally implantable central venous
      access ports (e.g., Mediport, Infusa-port) is persistent withdrawal occlusion
      (PWO), i.e. the unimpeded capacity for infusion of fluids accompanied by the
      inability to withdraw blood. This study demonstrates the mechanism of persistent
      withdrawal occlusion and describes a method for resolving this complication. Of
      42 cancer patients with totally implantable central venous access ports, 8 (19%)
      patients developed 11 episodes of PWO. Venograms demonstrated a sheath around the
      catheter beginning at the catheter entrance to the central vein and extending 1-5
      cm beyond the catheter tip. Each episode of PWO was treated with 250,000 units of
      urokinase dissolved in 150cc D5/W infused through the port over 90 minutes.
      Venograms were obtained immediately after each urokinase infusion. Follow-up
      ranged from 13-130 days. After urokinase infusion the venogram showed no change
      in the sheath in 1 episode of PWO and complete dissolution of the sheath in 10
      episodes of PWO. PWO recurred once in one patient and twice in another patient.
      PWO resolved only in the 10 episodes in which sheath dissolution was
      demonstrated. Urokinase infusion, as described, is effective in resolving
      persistent withdrawal occlusion. The method is repeatable and safe. That
      resolution of PWO by urokinase infusion was accompanied by dissolution of the
      sheath suggests that the sheath is composed primarily of fibrin and that flap
      action of the sheath is the mechanism causing PWO.

PMID- 3377326
TI  - Surgical management of pseudomembranous colitis.
AB  - The authors recently studied two cases of pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) that
      required surgery and combined them with previously reported cases in the
      literature, which required surgery to propose guidelines for the surgical
      management of PMC. A total of 21 patients were studied. Indications for surgery
      included refractory disease in seven patients, toxic megacolon in 12 patients,
      and perforation in two patients. Operative management ranged from decompressive
      cecostomy to total proctocolectomy. The best results were obtained with subtotal
      colectomy and ileostomy. It is concluded that PMC should be managed surgically in
      a manner analogous to ulcerative colitis. If there is no improvement after 7 days
      of aggressive medical management, surgical intervention, ileostomy with subtotal
      colectomy is indicated to prevent complications. Complications of PMC, toxic
      megacolon and perforation, should also be managed with ileostomy and subtotal
      colectomy as simple decompression or segmental resection does nothing to alter
      the underlying disease process.

PMID- 3377328
TI  - Biliary stone extraction.
AB  - This report summarizes a 14-year experience with 219 patients referred for sinus
      tract extraction of retained common duct stones. The patients ranged from 18 to
      94 years of age and 60 per cent were women. Forty seven per cent of patients were
      seen within 6 weeks postoperatively and 79 per cent within 3 months of surgery.
      Sixty four per cent of patients had a single stone; the remainder had multiple
      stones, sludge or ductal debris. Sinus tract manipulation under fluoroscopic
      control was done using a variety of baskets, catheters and instruments, including
      endoscopy, along with pre- and post-manipulation intravenous antibiotics. Routine
      testing and cultures are done and useful when clinical biliary sepsis occurs
      (1%). Meticulous postextraction cholangiography has contributed to our success
      and is an important part of the procedure, usually done 24 hours after the last
      manipulation. Successful extraction occurred during a single session in 125 of
      219 patients (57%); 60 of 219 patients required two extraction sessions. Four
      patients spontaneously passed stones. The remaining patients required three to
      seven sessions before the extraction was considered complete. Successful
      extraction of all stones and debris from patients' biliary ducts occurred in 210
      of 219 cases (96%). Five of the nine failures occurred in the first one hundred
      patients (1974-1979) and all required reoperation. Failure occurred in four of
      the last one hundred patients (1979-1986) and all were successfully treated by
      ERCP extraction. Two deaths occurred very early in our series and were related to
      advanced biliary sepsis at the time of the initial presentation.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377327
TI  - Improved survival using oxygen free radical scavengers in the presence of
      ischemic bowel anastomosis.
AB  - A rat model was developed to determine the efficacy of oxygen free radical
      scavenger compounds in improving small bowel anastomotic healing in ischemia. 50
      Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and were divided into groups: I. sham
      operation; II. ischemia produced by ligation of mesenteric vessels along 3-5 cm
      of bowel; III. bowel transection and anastomosis; IV. ligation of vessels with
      bowel transection and anastomosis; V. ligation of vessels, bowel transection and
      IV administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (5000 U/kg) prior to anastomosis.
      All surviving animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks. Anastomotic tensile strength
      and histology were evaluated. Percent survival and the average length of survival
      for all groups is seen in the table below. (table: see text) A significant
      decrease in survival was present with the anastomotic group and the ischemic
      anastomotic group when compared with controls. An improved survival similar to
      ischemia alone was present in SOD group. No significant difference was noted
      between SOD and control groups. The results of this study indicate an improved
      survival rate and length of survival similar to controls in animals undergoing
      ischemic and penetrating injury to the bowel with the use of oxygen free radical
      scavenger compounds prior to anastomosis.

PMID- 3377330
TI  - Pancreaticoduodenectomy for trauma: a life-saving procedure.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to examine our experience with
      pancreaticoduodenectomy for trauma in a community trauma center. Five patients
      underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe combined injury to the pancreas and
      duodenum from July 1980 to December 1986. All five patients survived. The average
      age of the patients was 29 years. Four patients sustained blunt trauma and one
      sustained penetrating trauma. The average length of operation was 5 hours. There
      was an average of two injured organs per patient in addition to pancreatic and
      duodenal injuries. The average hospital stay was 24 days. Two patients had
      postoperative complications requiring reoperation. All patients were discharged
      tolerating oral feedings without the need for insulin or pancreatic exocrine
      supplements. This report confirms the utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy for
      severe combined pancreatic and duodenal trauma.

PMID- 3377329
TI  - Endoscopic papillotomy: impact on community hospital treatment of common duct
      stones.
AB  - High mortality rates reported with common bile duct exploration (CBDE), 3.4 per
      cent to as high as 30 per cent in re-exploration of those over 70 years of age,
      prompted review of endoscopic papillotomy (EP) for stone extraction in a
      community hospital as well as an attempt to assess its impact on the treatment of
      common duct stones. Endoscopic papillotomy in 237 patients had a 1.3 per cent
      mortality. Successful extraction of the stone occurred in 91.6 per cent of 108
      patients followed for at least 2 years with no further treatment required.
      Morbidity and mortality was uneffected by previous biliary surgery, repeat
      attempts at stone extraction or EP performed prior to cholecystectomy (P greater
      than 0.1). The results of treatment for choledocholithiasis in 111 consecutive
      patients was then retrospectively reviewed to assess the impact of endoscopic
      papillotomy. CBDE was used initially in 79 and EP in 32 patients. Previous
      cholecystectomy and age biased the selection for endoscopic papillotomy (P less
      than 0.01). The mean ages were 57.8 years and 70.6 years (P less than 0.01), for
      CBDE and EP pts respectively. Age adjusted hospital stay was significantly longer
      for common bile duct exploration (P = 0.002). Overall, morbidity was not
      different between the treatment modalities (P = 0.50) and each group had one
      death (P = 0.23). In this community hospital, endoscopic papillotomy is safe,
      effective, and was reserved mainly for older patients or those with prior
      cholecystectomy and choledocholithiasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377331
TI  - Importance of tumor morphology for the long term prognosis of rectal
      adenocarcinoma.
AB  - A retrospective review of 149 consecutive potentially curable rectal
      adenocarcinomas operated on at our institution between 1965 and 1981 was carried
      out to assess whether tumor morphology influences long term survival. Complete
      follow-up was available on all patients and extended to 20 years. Data on tumor
      morphology was extracted from pathology reports and was available in 147 cases
      (98.6%). Tumors were defined as exophytic (n = 76) when exhibiting a polypoid
      growth pattern protruding into the lumen at least 1 cm; when lacking such
      characteristic growth pattern, tumors were classified under the general term of
      nonexophytic (n = 71). The 5 year survival rate calculated with life table
      analysis was 80 per cent for exophytic carcinomas and 54.1 per cent for
      nonexophytic tumors. This difference was verified by logistic regression analysis
      and proportional hazard technique and is statistically highly significant (P =
      0.001). The rate of distant metastases was 29.7 per cent for exophytic
      adenocarcinoma and 48.6 per cent for nonexophytic tumors (P = 0.02). Although the
      results did not reach statistical significance, local recurrence of tumor
      occurred about twice as often in nonexophytic tumors (15.7%) compared with
      exophytic tumors (8.1%). Thus, we conclude that tumor morphology is an important
      preoperative prognostic factor for survival and prediction of distant metastasis,
      and possibly for local recurrence.

PMID- 3377332
TI  - A critical evaluation of the Hartmann's procedure.
AB  - We reviewed 150 cases of Hartmann's procedure between 1972-86. Indications, rate
      of colostomy closure, and "diversion colitis" of the rectal pouch are discussed.
      There were 76 cases performed for diverticulitis. This procedure is easy to
      perform and carries a low risk. While it removes the diseased bowel segment, it
      leaves the patient with a colostomy requiring a major operation for closure. When
      possible, resection with anastomosis is preferable. There are no generally
      accepted guidelines for performing the Hartmann procedure; it depends on the
      individual surgeon. Forty three cases were performed for carcinoma. For
      palliation, it is a good operation; for cure others are preferable. With few
      exceptions, it is a poor choice for inflammatory bowel disease. In 42 cases of
      diverticulitis, the colostomy was not closed because of the patient's age,
      medical or surgical contraindications. Thirteen patients declined the closure.
      Twelve pouches had to be removed. Mild colitis was found in every pouch examined
      endoscopically. Severe colitis was found in one patient operated for cancer, in
      three for diverticulitis, and in 11 for colitis.

PMID- 3377333
TI  - The immediate postoperative prosthesis (IPOP) in ischemia and septic amputations.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 17 consecutive patients
      undergoing lower extremity amputation and Immediate Postoperative Prosthesis
      (IPOP) placement for infectious complications of unreconstructable arterial
      insufficiency was performed. Significant soft tissue infection was present in 13
      patients and osteomyelitis in four. The mean patient age was 59.4 years and 13 of
      17 patients were diabetic. Fourteen patients underwent below knee and three
      underwent above knee amputations. Seven patients had undergone previous arterial
      reconstruction. Thirteen patients had previous ipsilateral amputations, five of
      which were open guillotine amputations performed between 3 and 7 days prior to
      definitive surgery. Four individuals (24%) required early removal of the IPOP,
      two due to patient noncompliance and two due to stump healing complications.
      Thirteen patients (76%) were successfully treated with IPOP and went on to
      achieve independent gait within 3 weeks of their definitive amputation.

PMID- 3377334
TI  - Experiences with an artificial sphincter to establish anal continence in dogs.
AB  - An implantable device for establishing urinary continence has been developed and
      has received FDA approval (AS 800, American Medical Systems, Inc.). The authors
      have applied this device to the control of anal continence in dogs. Fifteen
      mongrel dogs underwent either anal sphincter disruption (7) or abdominal-perineal
      resection (8). Such animals have bowel movements almost hourly. In each case, the
      device was implanted at the time of surgery. In dogs with working cuffs and
      disabled or absent sphincters, continence was maintained in seven out of 15
      animals for periods of 4-8 hours. After cuff activation, intraluminal cuff
      pressures of 50-70 cm of water achieved continence for a period of 8 hours. In
      animals sacrificed from 1 to 12 months after implantation, the device was found
      to be well tolerated by the body with minimal fibrosis of the mucosa or
      muscularis of the bowel. Complications observed in the same four out of 15
      animals during the study period were infection, device extrusion, and device
      malfunction. Infection resolved with local wound care and antibiotics (3/4) and
      the device was successfully replaced in two out of four instances of extrusion.
      With cuffs of proper size and pressure, this appliance may be effective in the
      control of human anal incontinence via the establishment of continent perineal
      colostomies following an abdominal-perineal resection.

PMID- 3377335
TI  - [Acute hepatitis: prevention and treatment].

PMID- 3377336
TI  - [Infantile cerebral palsy and its relation to electroencephalographic changes and
      epilepsy].
AB  - The authors have realized a retrospective study over 100 patients affected by
      cerebral palsy and selected at random. Various parameters have been examined,
      especially the incidence of epilepsy and its relations with
      electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations. The conclusion is that epilepsy
      appears in more than 50% of the patients and is quite always accompanied by EEG
      alterations. Its appearance is precocious, usually no more than 4 years after the
      beginning of the illness, and worsens the intellectual deterioration which is
      usual in these patients. A precocious and prolonged treatment yields very
      advantageous results in more than 50% of the patients and important improvements
      in 21% of them. No results were obtained in the 15%.

PMID- 3377337
TI  - [Values for the cortical thickness and diameter of the metacarpals of normal
      Aragonese children in the 1st 4 years of life. Longitudinal study].
AB  - The measurement of the metacarpal cortical thickness as well of the diameter is
      an accurate, simple and economic procedure in the clinical diagnosis of the
      growth deficiency. Our study reports the increasing values of such parameters
      obtained from a normal Spanish population controlled at ages 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4,
      in the growth studies center "Andrea Prader" of Zaragoza.

PMID- 3377338
TI  - [Pulmonary hypoplasia in the newborn infant].
AB  - Incidence of pulmonary congenital malformations is studied among 46,966 babies
      born in a twelve year period, with special reference to 27 cases of pulmonary
      hypoplasia. 59.25% of these newborns were males and only 51.89% of them were born
      at term with normal weight. 74.0% of mortality took place in the first day of
      life. Hypoplasia was bilateral in 59.25% of cases and associated to other
      malformations in 96.29%.

PMID- 3377340
TI  - [Primary vesicoureteral reflux. II. Renal growth in kidneys with pyelonephritis].
AB  - We have studied kidney growth and function in 38 patients with either unilateral
      (23) or bilateral (15) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy (RN).
      Average follow-up was 38 (range 12-84) months. Surgery was performed in 93.3% of
      units. Renal length measurement alone was not satisfactory for detection of focal
      scarring, whereas cortico-renal index was much more discriminant. Growth of
      kidneys with bilateral RN was impaired, but there were no correlations with
      either VUR grade not with urinary infection relapses after VUR cure. Growth was
      also impaired in unilaterally scarred kidneys and renal length measurement
      revealed itself as very unsatisfactory in them. Contralateral unscarred kidneys
      underwent hypertrophy in some cases and growth patterns suggested that
      hypertrophy will become more evident as follow-up goes on. Neither glomerular
      filtration rate nor fractionated Na excretion were useful to detect renal
      lesions, whereas concentration capacity revealed renal damage in bilateral cases.
      There was hypertension in only one child, but peripheral blood renin was elevated
      in 15.62% of patients.

PMID- 3377339
TI  - [Climatic factors and bronchospasm crises in children in the Maresme district
      (Barcelona)].
AB  - In the area of El Maresme (Barcelona), it was studied the correlation between
      climatic agents and episodes of bronchospasm in children from 0 to 14 years old,
      in the emergency hospital unit during 1985. In the 735 visits that were studied,
      there were remarked seasonal variation, with predominance of cases during autumn,
      and descent during summer. The episodes presented a simple correlation,
      statistically significant with temperatures and the wind's direction; the
      climatic agents represented a very low percentage in the variation observed.

PMID- 3377341
TI  - [Kidney injuries in children].
AB  - From 1972 to 1985 blunt renal injuries were recorded in 58 children up to the age
      of 14 years. Early evaluation and treatment of these children is essential in
      order to preserve maximum renal function. The majority responded well to careful
      conservative, nonoperative management. Some of those requiring surgical
      intervention, responded well to initial conservative treatment followed by
      surgical intervention conducted as an delayed procedure. The critical injuries
      need early operative intervention.

PMID- 3377342
TI  - [Fetal mortality in families with labio-palatal clefts].
AB  - Fetal mortality in 110 families of patients with cleft lip with or without cleft
      palate is analyzed and correlated with liability. Because there was no
      significant difference, authors discussed these findings with references to
      multifactorial two-threshold hypothesis.

PMID- 3377343
TI  - [Nomogram for calculating the caloric intake for newborn infants].
AB  - We report an original nomogram to calculate the caloric contribution in the
      newborn using milliliters of milk and its concentration. Formula usually contain
      5 kcal/g of milk. It could be utilized for intervals every two, three and four
      hours.

PMID- 3377345
TI  - [Respiratory manifestations of infectious mononucleosis].

PMID- 3377344
TI  - [Dietary calcium deprivation in the pregnant rat: evaluation of the repercussions
      on the maternal and fetal skeleton].
AB  - Authors have studied: calcemia, bone ashes calcium content and bone turnover by
      histofluorescence in 44 Wistar female adult rats. Control group (A) received for
      21 days (equivalent to pregnancy) a normocalcemic diet, and group B an
      hypocalcemic diet. Both received demethyl-chlortetracycline intra-peritoneally at
      the beginning and end of the experience. Fetuses were fully calcinated and ash
      weight and calcium content determined. Group B shows a significative decrease in
      calcemia (F = 284.66, p less than 0.01), bone ash calcium content (F = 47.2, p
      less than 0.01) and an increase in endosteal bone resorption (F = 32.89, p less
      than 0.01), while bone formation including synthesis of bone matrix and calcium
      deposition is diminished (total bone formation, F = 20.0, p less than 0.01). No
      significative differences have been found among rats of the same group for the
      fact of being pregnant. No differences have been detected among fetuses of both
      groups. Fetuses seem to act as parasites and authors support a possible
      explanation for neonatal hypocalcemia.

PMID- 3377346
TI  - [Hepatitis A with a biphasic course. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3377347
TI  - [Solitary congenital myofibromatosis].

PMID- 3377348
TI  - [Childhood liposarcoma. Diagnostic problems].

PMID- 3377349
TI  - [Solitary, non-parasitic hepatic cyst in childhood].

PMID- 3377350
TI  - Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. The Framingham Study.
AB  - STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether obesity preceded knee osteoarthritis and
      was thus a possible cause. DESIGN: Cohort study with weight and other important
      variables measured in 1948 to 1951 (mean age of subjects, 37 years) and knee
      arthritis evaluated in 1983 to 1985 (mean age of subjects, 73 years). SETTING:
      Population-based participants; a subset (n = 1420) of the Framingham Heart Study
      cohort. METHODS: For those subjects in the Framingham Study having knee
      radiographs taken as part of the 18th biennial examination (1983 to 1985), we
      examined Metropolitan Relative Weight, a measure of weight adjusted for height at
      the onset of the study (1948 to 1951). Relative risks were computed as the
      cumulative incidence rate of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the heaviest
      weight groups at examination 1 divided by the cumulative rate in the lightest 60%
      weight groups at examination 1. Relative risks were adjusted for age, physical
      activity level, and uric acid level. RESULTS: In 1983 to 1985, 468 subjects (33%)
      had radiographic knee osteoarthritis. For men, the risk of knee osteoarthritis
      was increased in those in the heaviest quintile of weight at examination 1
      compared with those in the lightest three quintiles (age-adjusted relative risk,
      1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.98); risk was not increased for
      those in the second heaviest quintile (relative risk, 1.0). The association
      between weight and knee osteoarthritis was stronger in women than in men; for
      women in the most overweight quintile at examination 1, relative risk was 2.07
      (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.55), and for those in the second heaviest group, relative risk
      was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.86). This link between obesity and subsequent
      osteoarthritis persisted after controlling for serum uric acid level and physical
      activity level, and was strongest for persons with severest radiographic disease.
      Obesity at examination 1 was associated with the risk of developing both
      symptomatic and asymptomatic osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS: These results and other
      corroborative cross-sectional data show that obesity or as yet unknown factors
      associated with obesity cause knee osteoarthritis.

PMID- 3377351
TI  - Myocardial infarction among black patients: poor prognosis after hospital
      discharge.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that long-term survival among symptomatic black patients
      with coronary artery disease is reduced compared with white patients. Of 342
      patients hospitalized with a myocardial infarction over a 3-year period, 285 were
      black and 249 of these were discharged alive. In this cohort, the all-causes
      mortality was 14% (95% CI, 9 to 19) at 1 year and 22% (95% CI, 13 to 31) at 2
      years. Cardiac causes accounted for 71% and 82% of all deaths at 1 and 2 years,
      respectively. These mortality rates exceed previous reports of survival after
      myocardial infarction among white patients in the United States, and confirm that
      inner-city minority patients served by municipal health care institutions have a
      particularly poor prognosis for coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3377352
TI  - Alexandra Health Centre: primary care for an impoverished black township in South
      Africa.

PMID- 3377353
TI  - The right to die.

PMID- 3377354
TI  - Residency matching.

PMID- 3377355
TI  - Omega-3 fatty acids.

PMID- 3377357
TI  - Meta-analysis.

PMID- 3377356
TI  - Cocaine abuse and endocarditis.

PMID- 3377358
TI  - Hydrochlorothiazide and myalgias.

PMID- 3377359
TI  - Neuroimmunomodulation: interventions in aging and cancer. First Stromboli
      Conference on Aging and Cancer. Stomboli, Sicily, June 7-11, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3377360
TI  - Pineal melatonin, its fundamental immunoregulatory role in aging and cancer.

PMID- 3377361
TI  - Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor from development to aging.

PMID- 3377363
TI  - Four models of medicine: mechanisms of aging and conditions promoting cancer
      development.

PMID- 3377362
TI  - Life and death of neurons: the role of senescent cell antigen.

PMID- 3377364
TI  - Immunorestorative effects in elderly humans of lipid and protein fractions from
      the calf thymus: a double-blind study.

PMID- 3377365
TI  - Augmentation of natural immunity and regulation of tumor growth by conditioning.
AB  - We have reported the effect of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning of natural
      immunity on survival of tumor-bearing mice. In the first study, we have observed
      that mice conditioned, transplanted with tumor, and re-exposed to conditioned
      stimulus (camphor odor) had an increase in median survival (day 43, as compared
      to days 34, 38, and 37 of various control groups). Two of these conditioned mice
      lived more than 120 days and showed early tumor growth, but were free of disease
      at day 97. We report the observations of a repeat study. Two groups of
      conditioned mice were used for these studies. One group was re-exposed to the
      conditioning stimulus following transplantation with tumor (CND) and the second
      group was not re-exposed to odor of camphor (CNDo). Statistically significant
      delay in growth of MOPC 104E in the CND group was observed when compared with the
      CNDo group. The survival data supports the observations of tumor IgM values. In
      an independent study, we investigated the possible mechanisms of MOPC 104E
      regulation in vitro. Plastic adherent spleen cells (macrophage cells) from mice
      primed in vivo with MOPC 104E tumor cells suppressed tumor IgM production by MOPC
      cells by 98% and also reduced colony formation by MOPC cells. The possible
      mechanism(s) of regulation of tumor growth in conditioned mice might be mediated
      by plastic adherent activated macrophages.

PMID- 3377367
TI  - Bone marrow: a "morphostatic brain" for control of normal and neoplastic growth.
      Experimental evidence.

PMID- 3377366
TI  - Relation between lymphocyte subpopulations and pineal function in patients with
      early or metastatic cancer.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that melatonin and other pineal hormones play a role in
      the neuroendocrine control of immunity. Anomalies of both pineal and immune
      functions have been reported in cancer. Pineal and lymphocyte functions, however,
      have never been simultaneously evaluated in oncologic patients. This preliminary
      study was carried out in order to analyze the melatonin-lymphocyte relationship
      in human neoplasms. In a first investigation, we evaluated melatonin serum levels
      and lymphocyte subpopulations on venous blood samples collected during the
      morning from 46 healthy controls and from 27 cancer patients, 13 of whom had
      metastases, while the other 14 were without metastases. Moreover, melatonin
      levels were high in 10 oncological patients and within the normal range in the
      other 17 cases. B lymphocyte (B), total T lymphocyte (T3), T helper/inducer (T4)
      and T suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) mean percentages and T4/T8 mean ratios did not
      significantly differ, either between patients with high and normal melatonin
      levels, or between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer patients. In a second
      study, we evaluated the effects of a prolonged treatment with melatonin (20
      mg/daily intramuscularly at 3:00 p.m. for 2 months) on 8 patients with advanced
      cancer, in whom conventional antitumor therapies had failed. Mean percentages of
      B, T3, T4, T8 lymphocytes and T4/T8 mean ratios were not significantly different
      before or after melatonin treatment. In only one patient did the T4/T8 ratio
      decrease after therapy; in this case only, a stabilization of the disease was
      obtained, while in all 7 other patients the neoplastic disease progressed also
      during melatonin treatment, even if an evident improvement of the performance
      status was seen as it was in most cases. These results seem to exclude that
      melatonin may influence lymphocyte functions in cancer. Longitudinal studies and
      further data, however, will be needed to clarify this question.

PMID- 3377368
TI  - The effects of cortisone on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the neonatal and aged
      thymus.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry and biochemistry was used to
      characterize the distribution and species of this enzyme within the developing
      thymus gland of the mouse. The results indicate that AChE-positive nerves and
      related structures are involved in a steroid-induced mechanism for regulating
      thymocyte populations. Low doses of cortisone injected into mice produce an
      activation of quiescent cholinergic nerves and the appearance of several new
      molecular forms of AChE within areas of the thymus where thymocyte death is
      prevalent. The action of cortisone on AChE is age dependent. In neonates, AChE
      activity is extremely high in the cortex of the gland, and cortisone causes
      little or no increase in AChE activity. In mice three to six weeks old, cortisone
      exerts its most profound effect on the AChE activity within the thymus. In mice
      eight months old and older, the AChE activity of the normal thymus is restricted
      to nerves and nerve-related structures at the cortical-medullary boundaries, with
      little or no activity observed in the cortex. Injections of cortisone in these
      mice does not cause an increase in AChE activity in the cortex and only slightly
      enhances activity within the cortico-medullary boundaries.

PMID- 3377369
TI  - Cancer and aging: from the kinetics of biological parameters to the kinetics of
      cancer incidence and mortality.
AB  - Epidemiologic and biological data strongly support the existence of a strict link
      between cancer and aging. In spite of the relevance of the problem, there were
      numerous pitfalls in epidemiologic investigation until a few years ago. An
      apparent decrease of cancer incidence in old age was revealed to be a
      misconception based on lack of sufficient appreciation for changing population
      size. But not all problems are solved by using age-specific cancer incidence, as
      recently stressed by some authors. At very advanced ages a slowing of the rate of
      increase of age-specific cancer incidence is clearly demonstrated. These findings
      apparently clash with the majority of biological data and suggest that some
      mechanism may develop at advanced ages capable of decreasing cancer
      susceptibility. In this paper, it will be shown that just a slowing-down kinetics
      is predicted for cancer incidence by using a mathematical model of mortality
      kinetics recently proposed in the gerontologic field. The slowing of the
      increasing rate or even a decreasing trend of cancer incidence of an aging
      population is compatible with a continuously accelerating pace of loss of
      physiological capacity of the single subjects, as with advancing age there is a
      selection of individuals with better physiological functions.

PMID- 3377370
TI  - Calcium antagonists. Pharmacology and clinical research.

PMID- 3377371
TI  - The effects of Ca2+ antagonists on isolated rat and rabbit mesenteric resistance
      vessels. What determines the sensitivity of agonist-activated vessels to Ca2+
      antagonists?

PMID- 3377372
TI  - Calcium antagonists and low density lipoprotein receptors.
AB  - The effect of different calcium antagonists on receptor-mediated LDL catabolism
      by human cells in culture was investigated. The calcium antagonists have been
      recently classified in six types, based on their pharmacological activities. The
      three types selective for the slow calcium channels (types I, II, and III), and
      the nonselective type IV have been investigated in respect to LDL metabolism.
      Calcium antagonists of type I (verapamil-related compounds) and type III
      (diltiazem) induce an increase of receptor-mediated uptake of human LDL. In
      contrast, calcium antagonists of type II (nifedipine-related compounds) and type
      IV (flunarizine) are inactive. Verapamil and diltiazem stimulate LDL receptor
      activity in normal fibroblasts, in fibroblasts obtained from a
      hypercholesterolemic type IIa heterozygous patient, in the human hepatoma cell
      line HepG2, but not in receptor-negative cells. The stimulatory effect depends on
      drug concentrations in the culture medium. Cycloheximide and alpha-amanitin
      prevent the stimulating effect of calcium antagonists on LDL uptake. The possible
      mechanisms of this action of calcium antagonists and the relationship between the
      in vitro stimulation of LDL receptor activity and the in vivo inhibition of lipid
      deposition in the arterial wall elicited by calcium antagonists are discussed.
      Calcium antagonists may exert part of their antiatherosclerotic activity by
      counteracting the inhibition of receptor-mediated lipid metabolism induced by
      calcium deposition in the cellular components of the arterial walls.

PMID- 3377373
TI  - The effect of calcium antagonists on intimal cell proliferation in atherogenesis.

PMID- 3377374
TI  - Protection of arterial and arteriolar wall structure by specific calcium
      antagonists.

PMID- 3377375
TI  - Pharmacological basis and therapeutic efficacy of flunarizine in peripheral
      artery disease.

PMID- 3377377
TI  - Clinical use of calcium antagonists in peripheral circulatory disease.

PMID- 3377378
TI  - Therapeutic window for pharmacological treatment in acute focal cerebral
      ischemia.

PMID- 3377376
TI  - Myocardial protection.

PMID- 3377379
TI  - Calcium entry blockers in the treatment of vertigo.
AB  - Few calcium entry blockers have been studied in the treatment of vertigo.
      Flunarizine and cinnarizine are the most extensively studied substances. They
      have been shown to be valuable drugs in the therapeutic approach to vertigo. A
      few pilot studies have been performed with nimodipine but controlled data are
      lacking. Flunarizine has a direct long-lasting vestibulodepressant effect in both
      animals and humans. In patients with labyrinthine vertigo, it produced a marked
      symptomatic relief of symptoms significantly exceeding the effects of placebo or
      nicergoline. A number of studies dealing with vertigo of central etiology were
      also positive. Patient selection in such trials, however, is doomed to be less
      precise so that cautiousness must be exerted in interpreting such studies. The
      level of proof for flunarizine is still as good as for other substances or
      better. It is discussed whether the effects are due to calcium entry blocking
      properties.

PMID- 3377380
TI  - Calcium antagonists and the renal hemodynamic response to vasoconstrictors.
AB  - These findings demonstrate that calcium antagonists reverse renal
      vasoconstriction in a variety of settings. The ability of calcium antagonists to
      augment GFR of the vasoconstricted kidney is striking and has also been
      demonstrated in a number of in vivo settings. These observations and others raise
      the possibility that calcium antagonists have potential utility in the treatment
      of a number of disorders characterized by renal ischemia and consequent renal
      insufficiency. Further studies to evaluate this possibility are required. The
      unique effects of calcium antagonists on GFR reflect a regional heterogeneity
      within the renal microcirculation and a preferential action of calcium
      antagonists on the afferent arteriole. Final resolution of the pharmacological
      basis for the renal hemodynamic actions of calcium antagonists will require a
      more complete understanding of the divergent activating mechanisms within the
      renal microcirculation.

PMID- 3377381
TI  - Implant extrusion in eviscerations.
AB  - Wills Eye Hospital records for the ten-year period 1973-1983 were examined to
      compare the extrusion rate of implants from the scleral cavity after evisceration
      with the rate from Tenon's capsule after enucleation. Seventy-one consecutive
      extruding-implant surgical cases were examined; 60 (85%) occurred in sockets that
      had been previously enucleated and 11 (15%) in eviscerated eyes. In the same time
      period, there were 997 (95%) enucleations and 48 (5%) eviscerations. Fifteen
      percent of implant extrusions occurred in eviscerated sockets, for a 22%
      extrusion rate, compared with a 6% extrusion rate after enucleation. In this
      study, the frequency of extrusions was higher in eviscerations, although many
      variables, not taken into considerations here, might alter this ratio.

PMID- 3377382
TI  - Reduced cyclic myopia with pilocarpine gel.
AB  - Pilocarpine 4% gel and pilocarpine 4% solution were compared in young normal
      subjects for their effects on induced myopia. The pilocarpine 4% solution
      produced marked myopia lasting one to two hours which indicates that a qid
      therapeutic regimen produces about three to six hours of blurred vision during
      waking hours. The gel-induced myopic effects returned to normal in most subjects
      nine hours after a single instillation. Thus, pilocarpine-gel-induced myopic
      effects occur principally while asleep and are reduced substantially upon
      awakening. This allows patients to carry on normal activities throughout the day.

PMID- 3377383
TI  - Fonda-Anderson reading chart for normal and low vision.
AB  - The purpose of our chart is to show all scientific and practical demands for near
      vision testing. Comparable notations of measurement of visual acuity are
      explained, and the method of conversion from different notations is presented.
      One side of the chart has continuous, informative text in eight sizes progressing
      from 4 point to 24 point. The reverse side of the chart shows eight methods for
      testing visual acuity, namely: samples of the telephone directory, music, words,
      numbers, symbols, and a reduced distant chart. This side of the chart is designed
      especially for testing the vision of the partially sighted patient. The type size
      is designated using five methods of measurements.

PMID- 3377384
TI  - Integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier in hyperuricemia.
AB  - Neither the origin nor the role of high levels of uric acid, found in the aqueous
      humor of some human glaucomatous eyes, is known. A model of hyperuricemia in the
      rat was evaluated for its contribution to urate levels in the aqueous humor.
      Epinephrine-induced hyperuricemia in male rats was shown to increase mean serum
      urate levels from 1.2 mg/dL to 6.7 mg/dL. Female rats were shown to have a lower
      uric acid baseline and a lower absolute hyperuricemic level than males. The mean
      aqueous-humor urate levels were increased from 0.06 mg/dL to 0.33 mg/dL for male
      rats. In our studies, the blood-aqueous barrier effectively prevented
      equilibration between the systemic and ocular compartments. The increased aqueous
      humor uric acid levels in glaucoma may arise from intraocular mechanisms.

PMID- 3377385
TI  - Bed rest versus activity ad lib in the treatment of small hyphemas.
AB  - The management of small hyphemas remains controversial. Some authors advocate
      hospitalization, strict bed rest, and medical therapy with aminocaproic acid.
      Others are less conservative and recommend treatment on an ambulatory basis
      without the drug. In order to establish the overall rebleed rate for small
      hyphemas and to assess whether or not strict bed rest improves the prognosis, we
      studied 73 patients with small hyphemas occupying less than one third of the
      anterior chamber. Thirty-seven patients, during the first year of the study, were
      hospitalized and treated with strict bed rest while 36 patients, during the
      second year, were hospitalized but allowed to ambulate freely. The overall
      incidence of rebleeds was 15% (11 of 73). The incidence of rebleeds and other
      complications was not statistically different between the two study groups.
      Additionally, the final visual acuity in both groups was essentially identical.
      We conclude that bed rest does not improve the prognosis in cases of small
      hyphemas.

PMID- 3377386
TI  - Prophylactic scleral buckling in perforating ocular injuries involving the
      posterior segment.
AB  - Twenty patients suffering from perforating injury involving the posterior segment
      of the eye without retinal tear or detachment underwent posterior vitrectomy. In
      12 of these where traction of the retina was suspected, prophylactic scleral
      buckling was performed as well. Only two of these patients developed delayed
      retinal detachment. Six of the eight patients who did not undergo scleral
      buckling at the time of the vitrectomy developed this complication. This finding
      was statistically significant (P = .015) and supports the use of prophylactic
      scleral buckling in the treatment of eyes with perforating injuries involving the
      posterior segment to prevent delayed retinal detachment.

PMID- 3377387
TI  - [Social and health variables in relation to spontaneous abortion].

PMID- 3377388
TI  - [Maternal mortality in various Italian regions: 1955-1984].

PMID- 3377389
TI  - Patent eustachian tube in the underaerated middle ear: a paradox.
AB  - Secretory otitis media, middle ear atelectasis, and retraction type
      cholesteatomas are the most frequently occurring chronic middle ear diseases; and
      eustachian tube obstruction and the generation of negative or less than
      atmospheric middle ear pressure is said to be an essential factor in the
      pathogenesis of these diseases. It has been found that habitual sniffing causes
      high degrees of negative middle ear pressure in diseased ears; this finding
      demonstrates eustachian tube patency rather than obstruction. Ears intubated for
      chronic secretory otitis media, middle ear atelectasis, and cholesteatoma were
      examined to identify patent eustachian tubes. More than one third of the patients
      aspirated a solution into the middle ear with one or more sniffs by aspirating
      air from their middle ears, demonstrating eustachian tube patency rather than
      obstruction.

PMID- 3377390
TI  - Facial muscle reinnervation: a comparison of neuromuscular pedicle with direct
      nerve implant.
AB  - Two methods of reinnervation, the neuromuscular pedicle (NMP) and the nerve
      implant (NI), were compared in a model using the rabbit's denervated mentalis
      muscle. Results from evoked electromyographic (EMG) and muscle tension studies
      (twitch and tetanic contraction) provided the basis of comparison. In addition,
      the timing of denervation was studied (ie, at the time of implantation of the NMP
      or NI, or 2 weeks following implantation). The NMP achieved more rapid
      reinnervation and produced stronger contractions than the NI. Demonstrable
      reinnervation with an NMP was accelerated when the implantation occurred prior to
      the denervation. This was not the case with the NI. There was poor correlation
      between the evoked EMG potential and the strength of both twitch and tetanic
      contraction. It was concluded on the basis of this study that muscle tension
      provided a more accurate means of assessing reinnervated muscle function. Of the
      two methods, the NMP would seem, therefore, to be the technique of choice when it
      is available. The NI is certainly effective and should be used when a
      satisfactory NMP is not available.

PMID- 3377391
TI  - Protocol for management of the interposition cartilage graft
      laryngotracheoplasty.
AB  - This report presents the results of laryngotracheoplasty surgery using both the
      Evans and Cotton techniques on 27 children with congenital or acquired subglottic
      stenosis. Failure to obtain early decannulation after surgery has resulted in the
      formulation of a new protocol for the operative and postoperative management of
      infants undergoing cartilage graft tracheoplasty. Excision and closure of the
      tracheostoma at surgery, with postoperative nasoendotracheal intubation providing
      the necessary support for the graft, now has reduced this period to approximately
      2 weeks. A series of six infants for whom this protocol was followed is
      presented.

PMID- 3377392
TI  - Clinical investigations of adductor spastic dysphonia.
AB  - Spastic (spasmodic) dysphonia (SD) may coexist with or reflect certain neurologic
      or psychogenic illnesses. The present study of four patients with adductor SD
      (ASD) revealed several consistent clinical findings and characteristics that
      could be differentiated, while other findings were not distinguishable.
      Oscillographic and spectral analyses suggested voice tremor as a component of the
      dysphonia in all ASD patients studied. Clinical neurologic and otolaryngologic
      findings were nonconfirmatory regarding a disease process or state.

PMID- 3377393
TI  - Comparison of the intrasubject repeatability of auditory brain stem and middle
      latency responses elicited in young children.
AB  - The auditory brain stem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) were
      studied in 48 young children (96 ears). The responses were elicited using low
      intensity stimuli (30-dB nHL clicks) and simultaneously were recorded on a dual
      time base. Both the ABR and MLR were elicited in 70 ears. In 12 ears, just one
      response was recorded (ABR in eight ears and the MLR in four ears). In 14 ears,
      neither response was recorded. Test-retest analysis on the same subject
      demonstrated that the ABR was more repeatable and easier to identify than the
      MLR. The test-retest difference was determined for the amplitude and latency of
      the ABR and MLR waveforms. The test-retest latency difference for wave Pa was
      found to be 3.6 times larger than for wave V. The normalized test-retest
      amplitude difference for P phi-Na, Na-Pa, and Pa-Nb was found to be two to three
      times larger than for wave V. These data support the conclusion that the ABR,
      rather than the MLR, should be used to measure hearing in young children. The
      authors also advocate using minimal high pass (HP) filtering when recording the
      ABR in a sedated or sleeping child. Muscle artifact was not found to be a
      problem. The authors suggest the use of minimal HP filtering so that phase-shift
      distortion is minimized and a larger response amplitude can be recorded.

PMID- 3377394
TI  - Hearing impairment in relation to viscoelasticity of middle ear effusions in
      children.
AB  - Both dynamic viscosity (eta') and elasticity (G') of middle ear effusion were
      measured with an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared with the
      degree of conductive hearing loss in 65 ears of 40 children. There was a
      significant correlation between eta' and the magnitude of the air-bone gap at 500
      and 1,000 Hz, but there was no significant correlation between eta' and the
      magnitude of the air-bone gap at 2,000 or 4,000 Hz. No significant correlation
      was noted between G' and the magnitude of the air-bone gap at 500, 1,000, 2,000,
      or 4,000 Hz. These results indicate that the eta' of middle ear effusion has an
      effect on the amount of hearing impairment at frequencies below 1,000 Hz.

PMID- 3377395
TI  - Relationship of eustachian tube bony landmarks and temporal bone pneumatization.
AB  - Anatomic and functional differences of the eustachian tube have been suggested as
      etiologic factors in patients with otitis media. We studied eustachian tube
      lengths and vectors of the tensor veli palatini muscle in 25 unilateral specimens
      from adult human cadavers. The extent of temporal bone pneumatization, as
      determined by computed tomography and plain lateral radiographs, was used as an
      indicator of prior otitis media. Increased length of the cartilaginous eustachian
      tube was associated positively (r = .53, p less than .01) with volume of
      pneumatization. However, neither the length of the bony eustachian tube nor the
      vector of maximum pull of the tensor veli palatini muscle was associated
      statistically with the extent of pneumatization. It may be that the longer
      cartilaginous eustachian tube is more protective of the middle ear.

PMID- 3377396
TI  - Chronic herpetic laryngitis with oropharyngitis.
AB  - Chronic herpetic laryngitis, with or without involvement of the oropharynx, is
      uncommon. We describe a case that was initially diagnosed and treated as squamous
      cell carcinoma. The subsequent course of the disease, review of the histologic
      material, and additional laboratory investigation suggested that the lesion was
      of viral origin and probably was caused by herpes simplex.

PMID- 3377398
TI  - Epithelial distribution in the human fetal larynx.
AB  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to
      study the distribution of squamous epithelium and ciliated respiratory type
      epithelium in ten midtrimester human fetal larynges. Particular attention was
      paid to the subglottic region, where previous studies have reported areas of
      squamous metaplasia in neonates, infants, and nonsmoking adults. Both types of
      epithelium were found in different proportions in the supraglottic, glottic, and
      subglottic regions. There was considerable downward extension of squamous
      epithelium from the glottis into the subglottic region, with a wide transition
      zone where both types of epithelium were found in close association. These
      observations would suggest that such areas of squamous epithelium in the
      nonglottic larynx are normal, rather than always indicating a response to
      extrinsic trauma or irritation. Therefore, the term squamous metaplasia may be
      inappropriate when applied to such areas in the adult larynx.

PMID- 3377397
TI  - In vitro electrophysiologic studies on nasal airway receptors of the rabbit.
AB  - Rabbit nasal airway receptors were investigated electrophysiologically in vitro.
      Cold receptors, warm receptors, and mechanoreceptors were found in the nasal
      membrane. The cold receptors showed a maximum static discharge at 28 degrees C,
      and the warm receptors at 38 degrees C. These thermoreceptors were activated
      constantly at temperatures between 18 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The
      mechanoreceptors were seen to adapt rapidly to gentle mechanical stimulation and
      were activated easily by repeated stimuli. Air blown directly at the nasal
      membrane did not activate the mechanoreceptors. It was concluded that nasal
      airflow sensation is due mainly to the activation of cold or warm receptors in
      the nasal airway, rather than the stimulation of mechanoreceptors.

PMID- 3377399
TI  - Synaptic bodies in the different rows of outer hair cells in the guinea pig
      cochlea.
AB  - The afferent synapses of the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea are peculiar,
      insofar as some of them contain special synaptic bodies (SBs) forming the so
      called ribbon synapses. These SB-containing synapses are highly variable in
      number, exhibiting interspecies and intraspecies differences. As quantitative
      data on the incidence of SBs in the different rows of OHCs are lacking and as
      some of the above differences may have a circadian basis, in the present study
      SBs were counted in guinea pigs killed at different times of the day and night.
      In the second turn of the cochlea, synapses with perpendicular and parallel SBs
      were distinguished. Perpendicular SBs, but not parallel SBs, were significantly
      higher in number in the third row. Circadian changes were observed for
      perpendicular SBs, which were higher in number in the evening than in the
      morning. Circadian changes were absent in the parallel SBs of the OHCs and in the
      SBs of the inner hair cells. These results show that the afferent synapses of
      OHCs are rather complex, structurally as well as temporally; the functional
      significance of this finding remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 3377401
TI  - Study of humidification potential of a heat and moisture exchanger in
      tracheotomized dogs.
AB  - Though a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) has been used in clinical practice
      following a tracheotomy on a limited basis, no work has been done to document the
      humidification potential of an HME in this situation. Eighteen dogs underwent
      tracheotomy and were killed at either 1 day (nine dogs) or 10 days (nine dogs)
      postoperatively. Following the tracheotomy, the animals were divided into three
      groups according to the type of humidification received: ambient conditions, warm
      mist, or HME. The tracheal mucosa was studied for histologic changes in the
      cilia, the epithelium, submucosal reaction, and mucus production at the level of
      the carina. The results were significant (p = .02) for the interaction of the
      experimental type and method of treatment in their effect on the histologic
      changes noted at the carina. The study supports the use of an HME as an
      alternative for long-term humidification in a patient with a tracheotomy.

PMID- 3377400
TI  - Ultrastructure of mucous blanket in otitis media with effusion.
AB  - We used transmission electron microscopy to study the mucous blanket of the
      promontory from children with otitis media with effusion. The vast majority of
      the epithelial cells were secretory, and the rest were ciliated. The mucous
      blanket consisted of the electron-lucent periciliary fluid and the mucous layer.
      In the mucous layer, two layers were identified: an inner layer with migrating
      cells, and an outer layer with specks. Moreover, there was a lucent zone over the
      nonciliated surface that was as high as the microvilli. The thickness of the
      periciliary layer was predominantly as great as that of the ciliary tips, which
      just make contact with the mucous layer; however, the mucous layer occasionally
      penetrated into the periciliary space. These findings indicated that there is a
      mucociliary dysfunction in the middle ear caused by a decrease in the number of
      ciliated cells, and an abnormal interaction between cilia and mucus that would
      interfere with ciliary movement. Thus, such a system would fail to transport the
      mucous blanket.

PMID- 3377402
TI  - Alveolar soft-part sarcoma.
AB  - Approximately 25% of all alveolar soft-part sarcomas have their origin in the
      head, where the tongue and orbit are sites of predilection. The neoplasms possess
      characteristic light and electron-optic features, yet their histogenesis remains
      unclear. Recurrences, early metastases, and lethality over a prolonged period are
      pertinent biologic findings.

PMID- 3377403
TI  - Eliminating the Toynbee phenomenon in patients with nasal packs.

PMID- 3377404
TI  - Hypodermic needles: an unusual tracheobronchial foreign body.

PMID- 3377405
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatrics].

PMID- 3377406
TI  - [The use of central venous catheters in pediatric onco-hematology].

PMID- 3377407
TI  - [Hospitalization of adolescents in the Val-de-Marne district. A contribution to
      adapting facilities].

PMID- 3377408
TI  - [The newborn infant of the diabetic mother. Study of 264 cases].

PMID- 3377409
TI  - [Arterial hypertension with acute edema of the lung as a manifestation of
      Berger's disease].

PMID- 3377410
TI  - [Forearm ischemia associated with tight umbilical cord constriction in the
      newborn infant].

PMID- 3377411
TI  - [Trisomy 6p due to a de-novo t(6;12) translocation].

PMID- 3377412
TI  - [Intrasellar spur with hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 3377414
TI  - [Cecal volvulus. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 3377413
TI  - [A case of trichobezoar associated with a duodenal diaphragm].

PMID- 3377415
TI  - [Chronokinetic study of various delayed-release theophyllines in children].

PMID- 3377416
TI  - Telespectrophotometric reflectance measurements for evaluating results after
      argon laser treatment of port-wine stain compared with natural color system
      notations.
AB  - Telespectrophotometric reflectance measurements are shown to give objective
      values of spectral changes in the port-wine stain skin after argon laser therapy.
      There are, however, many circumstances influencing the measurements and other
      factors to consider when evaluating the curves, which are hard to translate into
      human visual experience. Natural color system notations based on psychometric
      experiments, which give a cognitive description of color appearance, seem to have
      more value for qualitative judgement of the color change after treatment.

PMID- 3377417
TI  - The transoral treatment of mandibular fractures using noncompression miniplates:
      a prospective study.
AB  - A prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of noncompression
      miniplates in the repair of mandible fractures treated at a large regional trauma
      center. The study included 54 cases of all types of adult mandible fractures with
      the exception of fractures of the condylar neck and ascending ramus. Cases were
      excluded in which preexisting infection was present. The technique consisted of a
      transoral approach followed by monocortical juxtaalveolar and subapical
      osteosynthesis without long-term intermaxillary fixation. Overall, there were 7
      complications associated with this technique (13%): 4 infections (7.4%), 1
      malunion (1.9%), and 2 mental nerve paresthesias (3.7%). These results compare
      favorably with those reported in the literature and suggest that mandibular
      osteosynthesis using miniature malleable plates is a useful and effective method
      for the repair of selected mandible fractures.

PMID- 3377418
TI  - The lower trapezius flap for recalcitrant wounds of the posterior skull and
      spine.
AB  - The lower trapezius muscle and musculocutaneous flap has been useful in providing
      a reliable, expeditious closure for compromised defects of the upper spine and
      dorsal calvarium. It has been successfully employed in 6 patients as a one-stage
      procedure, all of whom had recalcitrant, postoperative wounds that failed to
      heal. It provides serviceable tissue that is able to withstand additional
      radiotherapy and also offers useful palliation without apparent disability.
      Pertinent anatomical and clinical considerations are discussed.

PMID- 3377419
TI  - Mapping of the human body skin with the transcutaneous oxygen pressure method.
AB  - Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measurements are studied to determine
      whether location, side of body, sex, and age affect the values at 23 different
      sites. Measurements were taken on 19 healthy volunteers on one side or the other
      of the body. Values were similar at all sites with the exception of the forehead,
      cheek, medial aspect of the leg, and the scapular region. There was no difference
      between sides of the body or between younger and older subjects. Women had
      significantly higher values. The results are discussed, and it is concluded that
      most skin regions can serve as controls for areas under investigation.

PMID- 3377420
TI  - Hereditary occurrence of lateral cervical fistulas.
AB  - Three cases of hereditary lateral cervical fistulas are reported. The patients
      had lateral cervical fistulas bilaterally and different types of auricular
      malformations. The mothers of the patients also had lateral cervical fistulas.
      Moreover, one mother had bilateral microtias and the other mothers bilateral
      preauricular fistulas. The literature is reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3377421
TI  - Bilateral island vermilion flaps for vermilion border reconstruction.
AB  - Reconstruction of a large defect of the vermilion border of the lip poses
      difficult problems. It may result in a vermilion border deformity or reduce the
      buccal cavity. In this article we describe reconstruction of the vermilion border
      of the lower lip using bilateral island vermilion flaps pedicled by labial
      arteries, a modification of Kapetansky's double-pendulum flaps. We found that our
      technique was a very reliable and versatile alternative to other local flaps.

PMID- 3377422
TI  - Van Buchem disease: surgical treatment of the mandible.
AB  - First described in 1955, Van Buchem disease is an infrequently occurring
      hereditary sclerosing bone dysplasia. It is more properly called hyperostosis
      corticalis generalisata. The most striking feature is an unusual enlargement of
      the mandible with a normal dental occlusion. Skull base, spine, and pelvic bone
      involvement is also seen. The defect appears to be an increase in cortical bone
      thickness or sclerosis. The condition first appears around puberty in the
      autosomal recessive type and in early childhood with the autosomal dominant type.
      Reported here is a family with Van Buchem disease, in which surgical recontouring
      of the mandible was performed for one of the members. The surgery was performed
      by a combined intraoral/extraoral technique with good aesthetic results and
      minimal morbidity. A differential diagnosis and workup is also presented.

PMID- 3377423
TI  - Using the costal muscle flap with latissimus dorsi muscle to repair full
      thickness anterior chest wall defects.
AB  - Musculoosseous flaps with latissimus dorsi muscle are used for reconstruction of
      full-thickness anterior chest wall defects. The 11th and 12th ribs and the
      posterior parietal pleura are elevated with the latissimus dorsi muscle. The
      blood supply of the compound flap comes from the thoracodorsal pedicle and from
      perforating segmental vessels. The posterior thoracic wall island is transferred
      to the anterior chest wall defect to restore a skeletal plane and the transposed
      latissimus dorsi obliterates all the dead spaces that cannot be collapsed. The
      latissimus dorsi compound flap with the 11th and 12th ribs appears to be a "safe"
      procedure to reconstruct full-thickness anterior chest wall defects.

PMID- 3377426
TI  - A collection device for suction-assisted lipectomy and autologous fat
      transplantation.

PMID- 3377425
TI  - A simple sternal turnover procedure using a vascular pedicle for a funnel chest.
AB  - We have improved the sternal turnover surgical procedure by using a vascular
      pedicle for a funnel chest. Rather than performing a simple sternal turnover, we
      thought it better to use the sternum with the vascular pedicle attached,
      anticipating that this would lead to fewer postoperative complications and a more
      desirable result. The following method for performing the operation was devised:
      (1) cutting the deformed sternum at the second intercostal position; (2) cutting
      the second costal cartilages to allow a repositioning of the vascular pedicle
      onto the presternal surface; (3) turning the sternum over, placing one end on the
      other, and attaching one end to the other; and (4) making a groove in the turned
      over sternum to prevent the decussated vascular pedicle from becoming
      constricted. By using this method, it is easily possible to keep the bilateral
      internal thoracic vessels intact. We used this surgical technique on a 17-year
      old boy and obtained very favorable results.

PMID- 3377424
TI  - A case of invoking a Scot's economy or seven-in-a-stroke.
AB  - The principle of invoking a Scot's economy or "never throw anything away" is
      useful for nearly every reconstructive procedure. A case of unilateral brow
      ptosis and temporal hollowness is presented here whereby the application of this
      principle allowed a single flap to perform multiple functions in the course of
      correcting the deformity.

PMID- 3377427
TI  - [Indications and results of surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic
      esophagus].

PMID- 3377428
TI  - [Functional results of the surgical treatment of uncomplicated gastroesophageal
      reflux. Analysis of 278 cases].

PMID- 3377429
TI  - [Surgical excision of loco-regional recurrence of colorectal cancers.
      Retrospective analysis of a series of 33 cases].

PMID- 3377430
TI  - [Surgery of malignant lesions of the upper trachea. Apropos of 6 cases of
      mediastinal tracheostomy].

PMID- 3377431
TI  - [A cyst of Vater's ampulla].

PMID- 3377432
TI  - [Knee injuries in children].

PMID- 3377433
TI  - [Consequences of the suppression or stimulation of visceral sensory innervation
      in digestive surgery and pathology].

PMID- 3377434
TI  - Quantitative relations between hypertonia and stretch reflex threshold in spastic
      hemiparesis.
AB  - The relative contributions of variations in stretch reflex threshold and total
      joint stiffness to changes in stretch-evoked torque were assessed in the spastic
      elbow muscles of 14 hemiparetic spastic subjects. For a given subject, variations
      in torque, measured after a constant angular deflection, were mediated largely by
      changes in stretch reflex threshold, rather than by changes in reflex stiffness.
      Between-subject comparisons were sensitive to stiffness differences between
      limbs, but reflex thresholds were still broadly correlated with torque magnitude,
      suggesting that reductions in stretch reflex threshold are uniformly present in
      spastic muscles. These findings, coupled with the apparent similarity of reflex
      stiffness estimates in voluntarily activated spastic and normal muscles, suggest
      that the central disturbance in spasticity is a reduction in the threshold of the
      stretch reflex, without a significant enhancement of reflex gain.

PMID- 3377435
TI  - Brain infarction in sickle cell anemia: magnetic resonance imaging correlates.
AB  - Brain infarction is a well-known but poorly understood complication of sickle
      cell disease. Seventy-three sickle cell disease patients underwent neurological
      examinations and high-field, heavily T2-weighted axial cranial magnetic resonance
      image (MRI) scanning. Eighteen of the 73 had a history of stroke, defined as an
      acute, focal neurological sign lasting longer than 1 hour; in the event of a
      convulsive onset, an MRI abnormality as a correlate was necessary. Sixteen of the
      18 stroke patients demonstrated focal MRI abnormalities consistent with arterial
      borderzone infarctions. Fifty-five of the 73 patients had no history of stroke.
      Six of the 55 (11%) had focal MRI abnormalities suggesting previous subclinical
      stroke. Five of these lesions were in borderzone regions. The distinguishing
      feature in 21 of the 22 patients with MRI abnormalities was the predilection for
      lesions in the high cortical convexity, in the general regions of arterial
      borderzones between the major cerebral arteries and adjacent deep white matter.
      The pattern of MRI lesions suggests two pathogenetic mechanisms: (1) proximal
      large-vessel disease with inadequate cerebral perfusion (distal field
      insufficiency syndrome) and (2) distal small-vessel disease (sludging syndrome).

PMID- 3377436
TI  - Focal spike-induced cerebral dysfunction is related to the after-coming slow
      wave.
AB  - By means of a computerized system of spike detection, presentation of visual
      stimuli, and registration of reaction times (RTs), we have shown previously that
      focal posterior interictal spikes cause transiently prolonged RT and increased
      nonperception and misperception of stimuli, especially contralateral to the
      spike. We report here the temporal profile of this phenomenon, ascertained by
      systematically increasing a delay between spike and stimulus-flash, until the
      latter was well beyond the limits of the entire spike-wave complex. In each of
      two subjects, the spike effect began just before the spike and ended with the
      termination of the after-coming slow wave. For stimuli with identical delays
      following spikes, RTs were significantly prolonged if the end of the slow wave
      overlapped the stimulus, and not otherwise. In one subject, who had an amplitude
      dissociation between spikes and after-coming slow waves, the prolongation of RT
      was associated with the larger waves, regardless of spike amplitude. These
      findings suggest that the after-coming slow wave (surround hyperpolarization)
      transiently disrupts aspects of cortical functioning, in addition to whatever
      effect the spike itself may have. Focal spike-wave-induced cortical dysfunction
      may be relevant to a variety of interictal cognitive disorders.

PMID- 3377437
TI  - Spectral power of human limbic evoked potentials: relationship to seizure onset.
AB  - Limbic evoked potentials were recorded from intracerebral electrodes bilaterally
      implanted in the hippocampi of 16 epileptic patients undergoing evaluation for
      surgical resection of a seizure focus. Spectral analysis of the limbic evoked
      potentials revealed consistently lower spectral power of both low-band (1-12.6
      Hz) and high-band (13-20 Hz) components recorded form the hippocampus that was
      associated with the electrographically confirmed seizure focus as compared to the
      contralateral side. Limbic evoked potential recordings appear to be useful in the
      determination of a focal functional deficit and thus in identifying the site of
      epileptogenic pathology. Further, the results support the hypothesis of a local
      generator for limbic evoked potentials and demonstrate that limbic evoked
      potentials in humans include not only low-frequency, high-amplitude electric
      field changes, but also a high-frequency component.

PMID- 3377438
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterases in aging and in dementia of the Alzheimer
      type.
AB  - Protein concentration and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
      (BChE) activities were assayed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 26 healthy
      normal subjects (20-86 years old), 27 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer
      type (DAT), and 10 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type with
      extrapyramidal signs (EDAT). In normal subjects, there was an age-related
      increase in CSF protein and AChE activity and a significant correlation (p less
      than 0.001) between CSF protein and BChE activity. In the DAT and EDAT groups,
      CSF AChE activities (mean +/- SD = 17.5 +/- 3.6 and 15.3 +/- 4.4 nmol/min/ml,
      respectively) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in 13 age-matched
      control subjects (21.5 +/- 5.6 nmol/min/ml). In contrast, neither CSF protein
      concentration, BChE activity, nor the ratio of AChE/BChE differed significantly
      between groups. In patients with DAT, CSF AChE activity was significantly lower
      (p less than 0.05) in subjects with an early onset compared to those with a late
      onset (16.4 +/- 3.4 and 19.7 +/- 2.8 nmol/min/ml, respectively), and activity in
      the latter group did not differ significantly from control values. CSF AChE
      activity was not related to dementia severity and did not change significantly
      over an 18-month period. Although these results confirm a cholinergic deficit in
      patients with DAT, the considerable overlap of CSF AChE activity between groups
      and the nonsignificant correlation between AChE activity and dementia severity
      limit the usefulness of CSF AChE as a diagnostic marker of this disorder.

PMID- 3377439
TI  - Intraneuronal and extracellular neurofibrillary tangles exhibit mutually
      exclusive cytoskeletal antigens.
AB  - We examined the possibility that neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were
      heterogeneous in postmortem hippocampus from 22 patients with or without senile
      dementia of the Alzheimer type. Intraneuronal NFTs and extracellular, or "ghost,"
      NFTs were recognized in situ by only one or the other of two monoclonal
      antibodies. The first monoclonal antibody, RMO87, stained only intraneuronal NFTs
      and is specific for phosphate-dependent epitopes in tau and the two high
      molecular weight neurofilament proteins. The second monoclonal antibody, 2.2B10,
      is specific for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and it stained only the RMO87
      negative extracellular NFTs. Treatment of sections with alkaline phosphatase or
      sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the isolation of NFTs from hippocampus, did not
      expose RMO87 binding sites in extracellular NFTs. These observations indicate
      that neurofilament-like and tau-like epitopes can be lost from NFTs in situ, and
      that at least two populations of morphologically and immunochemically distinct
      NFTs exist.

PMID- 3377441
TI  - Hearing loss in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Seventeen of 25 patients with myotonic dystrophy had moderate to severe hearing
      loss, usually sensorineural, that was identified by routine audiometric screening
      and was treatable in some patients. Further testing failed to reveal a single
      pathophysiological process.

PMID- 3377440
TI  - Alternating skew on lateral gaze (bilateral abducting hypertropia).
AB  - We report thirty-three patients with alternating skew deviation on lateral gaze.
      The right eye was hypertropic in right gaze, and the left eye was hypertropic in
      left gaze. Most patients had associated downbeat nystagmus and ataxia and were
      diagnosed as having lesions of the cerebellar pathways or the cervicomedullary
      junction. This contrasts with a previous report in which alternating skew was
      seen mainly in lesions of the midbrain pretectum.

PMID- 3377442
TI  - A new technique for interpreting the BAER in cochlear disease.
AB  - We found, by studying 20 normal ears and 34 ears with cochlear disease, that the
      brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) wave I latency was a good predictor of
      the I-V interval (r = -0.67, p less than 0.001), whereas hearing loss had little
      predictive value. The normal and hearing-loss groups generated regression lines
      (wave I latency vs I-V latency) that did not differ significantly from each
      other. A normal range of I-V intervals can be established for any wave I latency,
      increasing the sensitivity of the BAER.

PMID- 3377443
TI  - Metabolic correlates of diffuse EEG spike-and-wave and absence seizures.

PMID- 3377444
TI  - Sudden diencephalic events.

PMID- 3377445
TI  - Vascular malformations and MRI.

PMID- 3377446
TI  - Neuropathological changes in an asymptomatic HIV seropositive man.

PMID- 3377447
TI  - The effects of tobacco smoking on smooth pursuit eye movements.
AB  - It has recently been shown that tobacco smoking in normal human subjects induces
      a transient primary-position upbeat nystagmus. We studied the effects of tobacco
      smoking on smooth pursuit eye movements and found defects in both vertical and
      horizontal tracking during the first 5 minutes after smoking one cigarette. The
      smooth pursuit defect consisted of a reduction in upward tracking velocity and
      the superposition of saccadic square-wave jerks on both vertical and horizontal
      tracking eye movements. The degree of impairment in upward smooth pursuit
      correlated with the intensity of tobacco-induced nystagmus present when recording
      in darkness. We suggest that these alterations are due to summation of nystagmus
      on normal tracking eye movements rather than primary defects in the smooth
      pursuit system.

PMID- 3377448
TI  - A new model of embolic stroke produced by photochemical injury to the carotid
      artery in the rat.
AB  - We report a new model of embolic stroke in the rat, based on endothelial
      disruption and platelet aggregation in the carotid artery, which leads to distal
      embolization and focal brain infarction. The common carotid artery was irradiated
      for 6.5 minutes with the focused beam of an argon laser operated at a wavelength
      of 514.5 nm with a peak power of 2 W and an average power of 400 mw. Ipsilateral
      cerebral infarcts, ranging in size from 0.1 to 1.7 mm, were produced by platelet
      emboli in 12 of 13 rats. A total of 44 infarcts were observed in the 12 rats: 29
      in the cortex, 6 in the hippocampus, 5 in the thalamus, and 4 in the basal
      ganglia. Scanning electron microscopy identified platelet aggregates in the
      carotid artery and in a deep cortical arteriole 50 minutes after the
      photochemical lesion. Twenty-four hours after the experiment, scanning electron
      microscopy of the carotid artery revealed damaged endothelium but few remaining
      adherent platelets. More intense laser irradiation in 8 rats, leading to carotid
      occlusion, produced an infarct in only 1. This new model can be used to study the
      acute and chronic pathological changes in the brain associated with platelet
      embolism.

PMID- 3377449
TI  - Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral
      cortex in humans.
AB  - We studied horizontal visual tracking in 20 patients with unilateral cerebral
      lesions and in 10 age-matched control subjects. Five patients, all with posterior
      lesions, showed impaired smooth pursuit of predictable targets moving toward the
      side of the cerebral lesion. Using nonpredictable step-ramp stimuli, we
      identified two distinct deficits of visual tracking. The first was a
      unidirectional deficit of smooth pursuit, for targets moving toward the side of
      the lesion, in response to stimuli presented into either visual hemifield. The
      second deficit, identified in a sixth patient who did not show pursuit asymmetry
      to predictable targets, was a bidirectional inability to estimate the speed of a
      moving target in the visual hemifield contralateral to the side of the lesion;
      this caused inaccurate saccades to moving (but not stationary) targets and
      impaired smooth pursuit initiation. These visual tracking deficits were
      independent of homonymous hemianopia or hemispatial neglect. These two tracking
      deficits are similar to those described in rhesus monkeys with lesions of the
      medial superior temporal and middle temporal visual areas.

PMID- 3377451
TI  - Thalamic hemorrhages in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome demonstrated by computed
      tomography.

PMID- 3377452
TI  - In search for sex differences in the corpus callosum.

PMID- 3377450
TI  - Stimulation of lipolytic enzymes in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The activities of monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol lipases were 6 to 8 times
      higher in plasma membrane and synaptosomal plasma membrane fractions of nucleus
      basalis from patients with Alzheimer's disease than in those membranes from
      normal human brains. Membranes from the hippocampus region of Alzheimer-affected
      brains also showed consistently higher activities of monoacylglycerol and
      diacylglycerol lipases than those from control brains. These results indicate a
      stimulation of lipolytic enzymes in nucleus basalis and hippocampus regions in
      patients with Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3377453
TI  - Peptide regulation of acid secretion.

PMID- 3377454
TI  - Recombinant DNA to study neuropeptide processing. General introduction.

PMID- 3377455
TI  - Novel mechanisms of resistance to lincosamides in Staphylococcus and Arthrobacter
      spp.
AB  - Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus and Arthrobacter spp. were screened for
      lincosamide resistance. Six different patterns of resistance were found. Strains
      designated SF27 and SF28 showed low-level resistance to lincosamides: one was
      susceptible to erythromycin (SF27) and the other was resistant (SF28). Analysis
      of ribosomes from the resistant strains in an in vitro poly(U)-dependent protein
      synthesizing system showed that ribosomes of both strains were sensitive to
      lincomycin and clindamycin. Four patterns of high-level resistance to
      lincosamides were observed (strains SF4, SF19, SF30, and SF31). All of these
      except SF30 had ribosomes which were highly resistant in vitro to the antibiotics
      and showed a close correlation with results of the in vivo experiments. In vivo
      protein synthesis by strain SF30 was resistant to lincomycin and sensitive to
      clindamycin, whereas the ribosomes were sensitive when assayed in vitro.
      Lincosamide-inactivating enzymes were not detected in cell extracts of the six
      resistant strains. Strains SF19 and SF31 demonstrated two ribosome-mediated
      lincosamides resistance mechanisms that were not previously reported. Both
      strains were highly resistant to lincosamides and susceptible to erythromycin,
      but SF19 was also highly resistant to oleandomycin and partially resistant to
      various macrolides.

PMID- 3377456
TI  - Randomized comparative study of 0.5 and 1 g of cefodizime (HR 221) versus 1 g of
      cefotaxime for acute uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea.
AB  - Uncomplicated urogenital and concomitant oropharyngeal gonorrhea in 424 male and
      female patients was treated in a randomized comparative study with 0.5 g of
      cefodizime (89 men and 54 women), 1 g of cefodizime (87 men and 52 women), or 1 g
      of cefotaxime (86 men and 56 women). The cure rates were 100% for men and women
      in the group given 0.5 g of cefodizime, 100% for men and women in the group given
      1 g of cefodizime, and 99% for men and 100% for women in the group given 1 g of
      cefotaxime. The MICs of cefodizime and cefotaxime for the isolate of Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae ranged from 0.004 to 0.06 micrograms/ml. Chlamydia trachomatis was
      isolated before treatment in 15% and after treatment in 13% of all patients. Side
      effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, genital candidiasis, and pain
      at the site of injection, developed in 4% of the patients given cefodizime. Side
      effects, such as vertigo, genital candidiasis, fatigability, and diarrhea,
      developed in 4% of the patients treated with cefotaxime. In both groups of
      patients, the side effects were mild and transient. Cefodizime and cefotaxime are
      safe and effective agents in the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea.

PMID- 3377457
TI  - Antimicrobial activity and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of U-76,253A (R
      3746), the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester, U-76,252 (CS-807).
AB  - Compound U-76,253A (R-3746), the active metabolite sodium salt of the prodrug
      ester U-76,252 (CS-807), was demonstrated to be active against members of the
      family Enterobacteriaceae with 82 and 85% of strains inhibited by less than or
      equal to 2.0 and less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. In
      addition, U-76,253A inhibited all strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus
      influenzae, pathogenic Neisseria spp., oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus
      aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and pneumococci at less than or equal to 4.0
      micrograms/ml. Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, and oxacillin
      resistant staphylococci were resistant to U-76,253A. This U-76,253A antimicrobial
      activity and spectrum was generally superior to that of comparison orally
      administered cephems (cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefixime) and the amoxicillin
      clavulanic acid combination. Tests with beta-lactamase-producing isolates
      indicated that U-76,253A was bactericidal and that its MICs were only influenced
      by high inoculum concentrations (10(7) CFU/ml) against type Ia and IVc enzyme
      producing strains. Preliminary disk diffusion interpretive zone criteria were
      calculated for 10- and 30-micrograms U-76,253A disks and several possible
      susceptible MIC breakpoints. The absolute interpretive agreement between MICs and
      zone diameters ranged from 87.8 to 95.6%. Final selection of interpretive
      criteria awaits further U-76,252 pharmacokinetic information.

PMID- 3377458
TI  - In vitro and in vivo activities of sedecamycin against Treponema hyodysenteriae.
AB  - Sedecamycin (lankacidin A), one of the lankacidin-group antibiotics, showed
      potent activity against Treponema hyodysenteriae. The MICs of sedecamycin against
      79 field isolates of T. hyodysenteriae ranged from 0.78 to 12.5 micrograms/ml,
      the MIC for 90% of the strains tested (MIC90) being 3.13 micrograms/ml. The
      protective and therapeutic effects of sedecamycin were compared with those of
      carbadox, tiamulin, and lincomycin against experimental infection with T.
      hyodysenteriae in mice. The protective effect of sedecamycin was similar to that
      of carbadox, two times more potent than that of tiamulin, and three times greater
      than that of lincomycin. In the therapeutic test, sedecamycin showed activity
      similar to that of carbadox and was two times more active than both tiamulin and
      lincomycin. At doses of 10 mg or more of sedecamycin per kg, the recurrence of
      shedding of T. hyodysenteriae into the feces of mice was not detected for at
      least 8 weeks postmedication.

PMID- 3377459
TI  - Carumonam (Ro 17-2301; AMA-1080) compared with gentamicin for treatment of
      complicated urinary tract infections.
AB  - Carumonam and gentamicin were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52
      patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Patients were treated with
      either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or gentamicin (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean
      duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; gentamicin, 8.5 days) was similar for
      both groups. A total of 45% of patients treated with carumonam and 48% of those
      receiving gentamicin were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks
      after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for
      gentamicin. In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In
      the gentamicin group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse
      effects in the carumonam group were limited to phlebitis at the intravenous
      infusion site in two patients; another patient developed bloody diarrhea.
      Nephrotoxicity was documented in two patients in the gentamicin treatment group
      (9%), and another patient developed minor liver function disturbances. Three
      patients with gentamicin-resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated
      with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D
      streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated patients compared with 7
      of 19 (37%) gentamicin-treated patients; no one required treatment. A significant
      correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and
      neurogenic bladder dysfunction (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use
      of the carumonam is as effective as the gentamicin regimen in the treatment of
      complicated urinary tract infections.

PMID- 3377460
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefonicid in patients with skin and skin structure
      infections.
AB  - The disposition of cefonicid (2 g intravenously every 24 h) was assessed in 15
      patients with skin and skin structure infections. Trough and peak concentrations
      in serum were measured on two successive days to verify the attainment of steady
      state; and 1 trough and 12 postdose values of the concentration in serum were
      collected on the following day. Cefonicid concentrations in serum were determined
      by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cefonicid serum concentration
      versus time profile after intravenous infusion was clearly biexponential in all
      patients. The terminal elimination half-life determined by nonlinear regression
      analysis was 4.63 +/- 1.49 h (mean +/- standard deviation). The steady-state
      volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.12 +/- 0.04 liter/kg and
      0.369 +/- 0.110 ml/min per kg, respectively. These results are comparable to
      parameters derived from previous studies in noninfected normal volunteers. Thus,
      the disposition of cefonicid is not altered in patients with severe skin and skin
      structure infections.

PMID- 3377461
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone (2.0 g) and sulbactam (1.0 g) coadministered to
      subjects with normal renal function, patients with decreased renal function, and
      patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis.
AB  - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cefoperazone (2.0
      g) and sulbactam (1.0 g) were studied in normal subjects and in patients with
      various degrees of renal failure. In an open, parallel experimental design, six
      normal subjects (creatinine clearance, greater than 90 ml/min), two patients with
      mild renal failure (creatinine clearance, 31 to 60 ml/min), eight patients with
      moderate renal failure (creatinine clearance, 7 to 30 ml/min), and four
      functionally anephric patients (creatinine clearance, less than 7 ml/min) were
      studied. The functionally anephric patients were given two test doses to allow
      study of drug disposition both on and off hemodialysis. Serial blood and urine
      samples were collected from time zero to 12 h after dosing in normal subjects and
      from 0 to 72 h in renal patients. Serum concentrations of both drugs declined
      biexponentially. For cefoperazone, the terminal elimination half-lives averaged
      from 1.6 to 3.0 h and were similar in subjects and patients. No cefoperazone
      pharmacokinetic parameters were appreciably altered by renal failure or
      hemodialysis, and there was no correlation between the total body clearance of
      cefoperazone and estimated creatinine clearance. In contrast, the sulbactam total
      body clearance was highly correlated with estimated creatinine clearance (r =
      0.92, P less than 0.01) and was significantly higher in normal volunteers than in
      the renally impaired groups (P less than 0.01). The sulbactam terminal
      elimination half-life in functionally anephric patients (9.7 +/- 5.3 h) differed
      significantly from that of normal volunteers (1.0 +/- 0.2 h) and patients with
      mild renal failure (1.7 +/- 0.7 h, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3377462
TI  - Effect of norfloxacin on theophylline pharmacokinetics at steady state.
AB  - Norfloxacin is a currently marketed fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Other quinolones
      which are structurally similar to norfloxacin, particularly enoxacin, inhibit
      theophylline clearance. Since norfloxacin may be administered to patients also
      receiving theophylline, we studied the effect of norfloxacin on the
      pharmacokinetics of theophylline in 10 healthy male volunteers. A randomized,
      crossover study design with a 2-week washout period between treatments was used.
      Subjects received oral theophylline (200 mg of aminophylline [theophylline
      ethylenediamine]) three times daily for 4 days either alone or with 400 mg of
      norfloxacin (orally) twice daily for the same period. Theophylline concentrations
      in serum were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) at 0, 3, 4, 10, and 12 h
      following the final dose in the norfloxacin treatment group than in the group
      receiving only theophylline. However, mean theophylline oral clearance was not
      significantly different between the two treatments (2.85 +/- 0.68 liters/h
      without norfloxacin versus 2.56 +/- 0.53 liters/h with norfloxacin [P = 0.08]).
      Similarly, no significant differences were observed in theophylline half-life (P
      = 0.11). We conclude that norfloxacin is unlikely to have a clinically
      significant effect on theophylline disposition in most patients.

PMID- 3377463
TI  - Effect of temperature on inoculum as a potential source of error in agar dilution
      plate count bactericidal measurements.
AB  - The effect of increased temperature on Staphylococcus aureus during the
      inoculation step of the agar dilution plate count method was investigated as a
      possible cause of artificially high persister counts. For some isolates, exposure
      of the inoculum to increased temperature resulted in higher persister counts and
      diminution or loss of the paradoxical effect. The persister patterns for three
      representative S. aureus isolates are presented to illustrate the strain- and
      temperature-dependent nature of the phenomenon. For any isolate, the net effect
      appears to be caused by an interplay of temperature-induced inoculum loss and
      temperature-induced cell division cycle blockage. A modification of the agar
      dilution plate count inoculation step to circumvent such problems is described.

PMID- 3377464
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in patients with renal insufficiency
      undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - In six patients with end-stage renal disease, a single bolus of imipenem
      cilastatin (500 mg each) was given either intravenously or intraperitoneally in a
      randomized crossover protocol such that each patient received the drug by both
      routes at a 2- to 3-week interval. Drug levels in plasma and the peritoneal
      dialysis fluid were analyzed at frequent intervals, and various pharmacokinetic
      variables were calculated for a one-compartment open model. Data obtained in the
      present study suggest that while no significant difference in peak plasma levels
      or volume of distribution were noted, the following variables were significantly
      different for imipenem as compared with cilastatin: elimination half-life, total
      plasma clearance, area under the concentration-time curve, and percent drug
      excretion in the peritoneal dialysis fluid. The elimination half-life of imipenem
      (3.28 h) or cilastatin (8.84 h) in our patients was in the same range as observed
      in patients with minimal renal function undergoing hemodialysis. The dose of
      imipenem-cilastatin should be reduced appropriately in patients with end-stage
      renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3377465
TI  - Ampicillin concentrations in human dental granuloma after a single oral
      administration of talampicillin.
AB  - Ampicillin concentrations in human serum and dental granulomas of 31 patients
      were determined after a single oral dose of talampicillin (equivalent to 500 mg
      of ampicillin) was administered to each. The specimens were taken at 1.5, 2.0,
      2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 h after the administration of talampicillin. The mean peak
      ampicillin concentrations in serum and dental granulomas occurred at identical
      times, 2.5 h, and were 8.29 micrograms/ml (range, 1.81 to 13.20 micrograms/ml)
      and 2.94 micrograms/g (range, 1.14 to 7.16 micrograms/g), respectively. The mean
      dental granuloma/serum ampicillin concentration ratio at the peak time (2.5 h)
      was 0.42 (range, 0.29 to 0.56). Ampicillin concentrations in dental granulomas
      exceeded most of the MICs for the bacteria commonly isolated from odontogenic
      infection.

PMID- 3377466
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) and cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075)
      after intravenous and oral doses in humans.
AB  - This report summarizes the results of three pharmacokinetic studies of cefetamet
      and cefetamet pivoxil conducted in normal adult male volunteers. In the first
      study the pharmacokinetics of cefetamet were evaluated after intravenous infusion
      of doses ranging from 133 to 2,650 mg. Over this dose range, the pharmacokinetics
      were linear. A dose-proportional increase in the area under the curve from zero
      to infinity was observed, whereas total clearance (140.3 +/- 23.6 ml/min), renal
      clearance (130.3 +/- 18.2 ml/min), volume of distribution at steady state (0.288
      +/- 0.023 liter/kg), fraction excreted unchanged in the urine (94 +/- 11%), and
      elimination half-life (2.07 +/- 0.18 h) were independent of dose. In a second
      study the absolute bioavailability of single 1,500-mg doses of a tablet
      formulation of the pivaloyloxymethylester of cefetamet was evaluated under
      conditions of fasting and after a standard breakfast. Administration with food
      increased the extent of absorption (from 31 +/- 7 to 44 +/- 4%) while decreasing
      the rate of absorption (time to maximum concentration of drug in plasma increased
      from 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 4.8 +/- 0.4 h). The third study consisted of multiple oral
      administration of 1,000 mg of a similar oral tablet formulation twice daily for
      10 days. This regimen was preceded and followed by intravenous administration of
      a 500-mg bolus dose of cefetamet. Oral doses were administered with breakfast and
      dinner. The absolute bioavailability of the tablet formulation was assessed after
      the first dose and after both the morning and the evening doses on day 10 of oral
      therapy. The compound was consistently absorbed to the extent of approximately
      50% with no significant differences observed between the morning and evening
      doses on day 10.

PMID- 3377467
TI  - In vitro activities of two oxazolidinone antimicrobial agents, DuP 721 and DuP
      105.
AB  - The antibacterial activities of DuP 105 and DuP 721, new oxazolidinone
      antimicrobial agents, were compared with those of beta-lactams and glycopeptides.
      Ninety percent of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates,
      including methicillin-resistant isolates, were inhibited by 4 micrograms of DuP
      105 and 1 microgram of DuP 721 per ml. DuP 721 inhibited hemolytic streptococcus
      groups A, B, C, F, and G at a concentration of less than or equal to 1
      microgram/ml, and it inhibited viridans group streptococci at a concentration of
      2 micrograms/ml. Both agents inhibited Listeria monocytogenes, Corynebacterium
      group JK species, anaerobic cocci, and Clostridium spp. including Clostridium
      difficile. They did not inhibit members of the family Enterobacteriaceae or
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the MIC for 90% of Bacteroides fragilis isolates was
      8 micrograms of DuP 721 per ml.

PMID- 3377468
TI  - Pilot study of recombinant interferon alpha-2a for treatment of infants with
      bronchiolitis induced by respiratory syncytial virus.
AB  - Eleven children with bronchiolitis induced by respiratory syncytial virus
      received 10,000 to 70,000 U of recombinant interferon alpha-2a per kg of body
      weight per day. None developed signs of toxicity, and all but one developed an
      antiviral state following treatment. Interferon alpha-2a appears to be safe for
      infants with bronchiolitis. Its efficacy for the treatment of this condition
      remains to be determined.

PMID- 3377469
TI  - Influence of food on bioavailability of amdinocillin pivoxil.
AB  - The bioavailability of amdinocillin was not altered when amdinocillin pivoxil was
      ingested 1 h before a standard breakfast, and it increased by 20% when
      amdinocillin pivoxil was ingested with or 1 h after a standard breakfast.
      Amdinocillin pivoxil would be convenient for patients since it may be taken with
      or without food.

PMID- 3377471
TI  - Zinc for the common cold.

PMID- 3377470
TI  - Improved sodium hydroxide digestion method without homogenization for extraction
      of gentamicin from renal tissue.
AB  - Recovery of gentamicin from renal cortical tissue (assayed by fluorescence
      polarization immunoassay) was highest (P less than 0.05) when using a sodium
      hydroxide (NaOH) digestion procedure without homogenization (90.0 +/- 5.4%),
      followed by homogenization with NaOH digestion (85.8 +/- 7.7%) and homogenization
      with trichloroacetic acid precipitation (84.4 +/- 3.3%). Simple homogenization
      recovered the least gentamicin (59.0 +/- 5.2%; P less than 0.05).

PMID- 3377472
TI  - Stability constants of zinc complexes affect common cold treatment results.

PMID- 3377474
TI  - Congress talk translates into call for action.

PMID- 3377473
TI  - pH as a variable in free zinc ion concentration from zinc-containing lozenges.

PMID- 3377475
TI  - Cataract extraction listing inaccurate.

PMID- 3377476
TI  - Perioperative nurses talk about AIDS.

PMID- 3377477
TI  - Laser blepharoplasty. The transconjunctival method.

PMID- 3377478
TI  - Closed interlocking nailing in the lower extremity. Indications and positioning.

PMID- 3377479
TI  - Crisis intervention. Recognizing and helping patients overcome anxiety.

PMID- 3377480
TI  - The immature employee. A manager's challenge.
AB  - Skill in managing immature employees is seldom learned in nursing management
      classes and is usually developed as a result of difficult experiences. A
      technique in which limits are set is most effective. As with other difficult
      management situations, the manager cannot expect immediate rewards. The immature
      employee who has trouble with authority will not readily offer appreciation to
      his or her manager. The manager's reward is knowing that he or she handled the
      situation well.

PMID- 3377481
TI  - Job analysis. National Certification Board: Perioperative Nursing, Inc, document.
AB  - The document is the critical element in developing an exam that reflects current
      perioperative nursing practice. The test specifications ensure that each phase of
      perioperative nursing practice is adequately measured at a proficient level of
      care. In addition to developing test specifications, the NCB:PNI has recommended
      that A Job Analysis could be used in the following situations. 1. Nurse managers
      could use the document in refining job descriptions, evaluating employee
      performance, creating clinical ladder criteria, and establishing standards of
      patient care. 2. Perioperative nurse educators could use it in developing self
      directed learning contracts, designing curriculum for students or staff
      development. 3. Researchers could use the document in justifying the existence of
      registered nurses in the OR. 4. Perioperative nurses could use it for peer review
      and self-evaluation.

PMID- 3377482
TI  - Staff retention in the OR. A job satisfaction study.

PMID- 3377483
TI  - Self-care. Part III: Modifying your environment.

PMID- 3377484
TI  - Michels gives legislative update at Congress.

PMID- 3377485
TI  - Informed consent: Part II.
AB  - Although the legal responsibility to inform and obtain the patient's consent lies
      with the surgeon, the agency may have a duty to ensure that the patient's consent
      has been obtained. Agency liability is limited to those cases in which the agency
      knew (or should have known) that informed consent was not obtained. It is still
      unclear whether agencies have an affirmative duty to ensure that consent has been
      obtained. If this duty does exist, it appears that a policy requiring
      documentation in the medical record of the patient's consent meets this
      requirement. It is clear that whatever the extent of the agency's duty, it does
      not include the duty to give the patient information or assess his or her level
      of understanding. Court opinions discourage anyone but the physician from doing
      so. A nurse's legal responsibility is limited to following agency policy. Courts
      have not recognized any independent nurse duty beyond that which accrues to them
      as employees of the agency. Perioperative nurses often provide the final
      checkpoint that consent has been obtained and documented before the procedure
      begins. This unique position raises additional legal concerns if the agency's
      policy is not followed or if the premedicated patient arrives without proper
      consent documentation in the record. Perioperative nursing concerns will be
      discussed next month in Part III.

PMID- 3377486
TI  - Poster sessions bring research to the OR.
AB  - Placing posters that report valid nursing research results to staff members in a
      convenient area in the surgical suite could be the first step toward elevating
      nursing practice in your operating room. Plan to start small, include interested
      volunteers, and spend time educating each other about the research process. A
      first-year goal of one poster per quarter is a realistic and positive step.

PMID- 3377487
TI  - Should patients always be told the truth?

PMID- 3377488
TI  - Nutritional requirements of Methanomicrobium mobile.
AB  - A defined medium was developed for Methanomicrobium mobile BP. M. mobile required
      acetate for growth; the optimal concentration was 30 mM. Other requirements and
      their optimal concentrations included isobutyrate (0.65 mM), isovalerate (0.73
      mM), and 2-methylbutyrate (1.5 mM). The appropriate branched-chain amino acids
      did not substitute for these branched-chain fatty acids. M. mobile required
      tryptophan at an optimal concentration of 24 microM. Indole substituted for
      tryptophan, but the possible precursor compounds shikimic acid and anthranilic
      acid and the degradation compound skatole did not. Vitamin requirements and their
      optimal concentrations included pyridoxine (0.49 microM), thiamine (0.15 microM),
      biotin (0.04 microM), and vitamin B12 (0.04 microM); p-aminobenzoic acid (0.18
      microM) was required for optimal growth, but folic acid did not replace p
      aminobenzoic acid. M. mobile required an unidentified growth factor found in
      ruminal fluid or extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum for growth. M.
      mobile has a complex nutrition compared with that of other methanogens, but not
      an unusual nutrition in the context of organisms from the ruminal ecosystem.

PMID- 3377489
TI  - Transfer and expression of mesophilic plasmid-mediated degradative capacity in a
      psychrotrophic bacterium.
AB  - A psychrotrophic bacterium, originally isolated from a natural aquatic
      environment, was characterized and identified as Pseudomonas putida Q5 for use as
      a representative recipient for biodegradative genes from a mesophilic
      microorganism. The TOL plasmid pWWO of the mesophile P. putida PaW1 was
      successfully transferred by conjugation to the naturally isolated psychrotroph P.
      putida Q5, as shown by plasmid analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis.
      Expression of the genes encoded by the mesophilic TOL plasmid in the psychrotroph
      was shown by the fact that the transconjugant (designated P. putida Q5T) had the
      capacity to degrade and utilize toluate (1,000 mg/liter) as a sole source of
      carbon at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C. Comparison of growth rates over a
      wide temperature range (0 to 30 degrees C) indicated that the physiological
      activity of the transconjugant was not reduced and that the plasmid DNA from the
      mesophile and its encoded enzymes functioned effectively in the psychrotroph at
      temperatures well below those at which the mesophile could grow. The production
      and demonstrated functioning of P. putida Q5T illustrates the possibility of
      developing specific degradative capacities in bacteria which can readily function
      at low temperatures in chemically contaminated environments or in industrial
      wastewater treatment systems.

PMID- 3377490
TI  - Hydroxylation and dechlorination of chlorinated guaiacols and syringols by
      Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus.
AB  - We show that Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-I, a polychlorophenol degrader,
      also degrades various chlorine-substituted guaiacols (2-methoxyphenols) and
      syringols (2,6-dimethoxyphenols). The substrates investigated were
      tetrachloroguaiacol, 3,4,6- and 3,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, 3,5- and 3,6
      dichloroguaiacol, trichlorosyringol, and 3,5-dichlorosyringol. The first step was
      a hydroxylation, probably in a position para to the preexisting hydroxyl.
      Tetrachloroguaiacol and trichlorosyringol, with a chlorine substituent in the
      para position, were both hydroxylated and dechlorinated. The optimum temperature
      for degradation of polychlorinated guaiacols and syringols was 37 to 41 degrees
      C. Degradation of polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols, and syringols by R.
      chlorophenolicus was inducible, and induction was controlled coordinately.

PMID- 3377491
TI  - Anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of diverse aromatic compounds by the
      photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
AB  - The purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris used
      diverse aromatic compounds for growth under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.
      Many phenolic, dihydroxylated, and methoxylated aromatic acids, as well as
      aromatic aldehydes and hydroaromatic acids, supported growth of strain CGA001 in
      both the presence and absence of oxygen. Some compounds were metabolized under
      only aerobic or under only anaerobic conditions. Two other strains, CGC023 and
      CGD052, had similar anaerobic substrate utilization patterns, but CGD052 was able
      to use a slightly larger number of compounds for growth. These results show that
      R. palustris is far more versatile in terms of aromatic degradation than had been
      previously demonstrated. A mutant (CGA033) blocked in aerobic aromatic metabolism
      remained wild type with respect to anaerobic degradative abilities, indicating
      that separate metabolic pathways mediate aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of
      diverse aromatics. Another mutant (CGA047) was unable to grow anaerobically on
      either benzoate or 4-hydroxybenzoate, and these compounds accumulated in growth
      media when cells were grown on more complex aromatic compounds. This indicates
      that R. palustris has two major anaerobic routes for aromatic ring fission, one
      that passes through benzoate and one that passes through 4-hydroxybenzoate.

PMID- 3377493
TI  - Lactic acid concentration as an indicator of acceptability in refrigerated or
      freeze-thawed ground beef.
AB  - Lactic acid concentrations increased in refrigerated and freeze-thawed
      anaerobically stored ground beef. Bacterial counts were higher in refrigerated
      samples, but the ratios of gram-positive bacteria in refrigerated and freeze
      thawed samples were the same. No differences in appearance or odor between
      refrigerated and freeze-thawed samples were noted after 2 days of aerobic
      storage. Initial lactic acid concentration can be used to predict the shelf life
      of frozen beef.

PMID- 3377492
TI  - Effects of three oxidizing biocides on Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the bactericidal effects of ozone and hydrogen
      peroxide relative to that of free chlorine on Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1.
      In laboratory batch-type experiments, organisms seeded at various densities were
      exposed to different concentrations of these biocides in demand-free buffers.
      Bactericidal effects were measured by determining the ability of L. pneumophila
      to grow on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar supplemented with alpha
      ketoglutarate. Ozone was the most potent of the three biocides, with a greater
      than 99% kill of L. pneumophila occurring during a 5-min exposure to 0.10 to 0.30
      micrograms of O3 per ml. The bactericidal action of O3 was not markedly affected
      by changes in pH or temperature. Concentrations of 0.30 and 0.40 micrograms of
      free chlorine per ml killed 99% of the L. pneumophila after 30- and 5-min
      exposures, respectively. A 30-min exposure to 1,000 micrograms of H2O2 per ml was
      required to effect a 99% reduction of the viable L. pneumophila population.
      However, no viable L. pneumophila could be detected after a 24-h exposure to 100
      or 300 micrograms of H2O2 per ml. Attempts were made to correlate the biocidal
      effects of O3 and H2O2 with the oxidation of L. pneumophila fatty acids. These
      tests indicated that certain biocidal concentrations of O3 and H2O2 resulted in a
      loss or severe reduction of L. pneumophila unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 3377494
TI  - Microbial hydroxylation of quinoline in contaminated groundwater: evidence for
      incorporation of the oxygen atom of water.
AB  - Studies conducted in an aquifer contaminated by creosote suggest that quinoline
      is converted to 2(1H)quinolinone by an indigenous consortium of microorganisms.
      Laboratory microbial experiments using H218O indicate that water is the source of
      the oxygen atom for this hydroxylation reaction under aerobic and anaerobic
      conditions.

PMID- 3377495
TI  - Eurotium spp. and echinulin in feed refused by swine.
AB  - Feed refused by swine contained a high-propagule density of Eurotium chevalieri
      Mangin (anamorph, Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom and Church), Eurotium
      amstelodami Mangin (anamorph, Aspergillus amstelodami (Mangin Thom and Church),
      and Aspergillus candidus Link. Echinulin (8 micrograms/g of feed) was detected in
      the feed. Isolates of E. chevalieri and E. amstelodami but not A. candidus
      produced echinulin on rice or cracked corn. Mice refused to drink water
      containing 90 micrograms of echinulin per ml. This is the first report of the
      alkaloid echinulin in feed refused by swine.

PMID- 3377496
TI  - Fermentation of methanol in the sheep rumen.
AB  - Sheep fed a hay-concentrate diet were adapted to pectin administration and
      ruminal infusion of methanol. Both treatments resulted in a strong increase in
      the rate of methanogenesis from methanol. Quantitative data show that methanol
      was exclusively converted into methane. Treatments did not influence ruminal
      volatile fatty acid percentages.

PMID- 3377497
TI  - Comparison between the adhesion to solid substrata of Streptococcus mitis and
      that of polystyrene particles.
AB  - The adhesion of Streptococcus mitis to solid substrata from phosphate suspensions
      with various ionic strengths was studied and compared with the adhesion of
      polystyrene particles. At all ionic strengths, the interfacial free energy of
      adhesion governed the relative number of bacteria or polystyrene particles
      adhering at equilibrium, except that in a low-ionic-strength buffer, adhesion
      occurred less frequently because of increased electrostatic repulsion. Large
      differences between bacterial and polystyrene particle adhesion were observed, as
      indicated by the ratio of bacteria to polystyrene particles adhering, which
      decreased from 30 to 4 with a change from low to high ionic strength.

PMID- 3377498
TI  - Intergeneric rosettes: sequestered surface recognition among human periodontal
      bacteria.
AB  - The human oral bacteria, Streptococcus sanguis and Bacteroides loescheii, when
      mixed in equal numbers in vitro, formed large settling coaggregates. As the
      relative number of each cell type was changed, coaggregates became smaller until
      at cell-type ratios of 10 to 1, rosettes formed. Rosettes consisting of a
      streptococcal cell in the center surrounded by bacteroides cells exhibited
      surface recognition properties of only the bacteroides, which coaggregated with
      many other cell types such as Actinomyces naeslundii, and formed large settling
      multigeneric aggregates. The ecological significance of these results derives
      from the following: (i) the direct demonstration that intergeneric coaggregates
      can protect the central cell from or prevent its access to other cells in the
      environment, and (ii) the potential for these effects to occur during bacterial
      succession of various cell types observed in progressively more severe stages of
      human periodontal disease.

PMID- 3377499
TI  - New enrichment method for isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica
      serogroup O:3 from pork.
AB  - A new enrichment medium for the recovery of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica
      serogroup O:3 from naturally infected meat products based on three selective
      agents, Irgasan, ticarcillin, and potassium chlorate (ITC), was compared with
      several other one- or two-step enrichments. Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:3 was
      recovered from 96.5% of 29 pork tongues, 24% of 50 ground pork samples, 16% of 25
      masseter muscle samples, and 61% of tonsils. ITC was by far the most sensitive
      method for the recovery of Y. enterocolitica O:3, especially from ground meat and
      masseter muscles, while cold and two-step enrichments yielded better results for
      nonpathogenic strains. Plating of ITC enrichments onto SS-deoxycholate-calcium
      agar gave overall better results than plating onto cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin
      agar for serogroup O:3.

PMID- 3377500
TI  - Enrichment and isolation of a ruminal bacterium with a very high specific
      activity of ammonia production.
AB  - When mixed ruminal bacteria were inoculated into semicontinuous cultures (25%
      transfer every other day) containing lactate, dulcitol, pectin, or xylose and
      Trypticase (1 g/liter) as the sole nitrogen source, the specific activity of
      ammonia production increased. The greatest enrichment was observed with lactate
      and xylose, and in these cases the specific rate of ammonia production was
      eightfold higher than that of the ruminal fluid control (approximately 35 nmol of
      ammonia per mg of protein per min). Isolates with different morphologies were
      obtained from each of the enrichments, but in no case did the specific activity
      of any isolate exceed that of the mixed ruminal bacteria. If Trypticase (15
      g/liter) was used as the only energy and nitrogen source, there was an even
      greater increase in ammonia production, and two monensin-sensitive bacteria, a
      Peptostreptococcus species and a Clostridium species, were obtained. The
      Peptostreptococcus species was unable to grow on any of 25 carbohydrate or
      carbohydrate derivatives tested; but the Clostridium species was able to use
      glucose, maltose, fructose, cellobiose, trehalose, sorbitol, and salicin as
      energy sources. Neither organism was able to grow in the absence of an amino acid
      source, but growth rates on Trypticase were greater than 0.35/h. The specific
      activities of ammonia production were 346 and 427 nmol/mg of protein per min for
      strains of Peptostreptococcus and Clostridium, respectively. Megasphaera elsdenii
      and Bacteroides ruminicola, previously isolated ruminal ammonia producers, had
      specific activities of only 11 and 19 nmol of ammonia per mg of protein per min,
      respectively. The most probable number of Clostridium species in ruminal fluid
      was less than 10(3)/ml, but the Peptostreptococcus species was present at
      10(8)/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377501
TI  - Neutral sugar composition of extracellular polysaccharides produced by strains of
      Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.
AB  - The extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) produced by 37 isolates presently
      classified as Butyrivibrio species (or more specifically as Butyrivibrio
      fibrisolvens) were purified from glucose-grown cultures. The neutral sugar
      compositions of these EPSs were determined by both thin-layer and gas-liquid
      chromatographic techniques. Results showed that while the neutral sugar
      composition of the EPS was constant for a given strain, it varied considerably
      between strains. In addition, several acidic components in the EPS, of both known
      and unknown structure, were detected artifactually as acetylated lactones, the
      acetylated alditols derived from these lactone(s), or both. Two novel components,
      L-altrose and the acidic sugar 4-O-[1-carboxyethyl]-D-galactose, were common
      constituents of the EPS from some strains of B. fibrisolvens. These and other EPS
      compositional features were used to sort isolates of B. fibrisolvens into groups
      which may have taxonomic significance. A scheme for sorting isolates into these
      groups, and the relative relationships between groups, is proposed.

PMID- 3377502
TI  - A model for analyzing growth kinetics of a slowly growing Mycobacterium sp.
AB  - This report describes a simple method for quantifying viable mycobacteria and for
      determining generation time. We used statistical models and computer analysis of
      growth curves generated for the slowly growing mycobacterium Mycobacterium
      paratuberculosis under controlled conditions to derive a mathematical formula
      relating the dependent variable, growth, to the independent variables, log10
      number of organisms in the inoculum (inoculum size) and incubation time. Growth
      was measured by a radiometric method which detects 14CO2 release during
      metabolism of a 14C-labeled substrate. The radiometric method allowed for early
      detection of growth and detected as few as three viable bacteria. The coefficient
      of variation between culture vials inoculated with the same number of M.
      paratuberculosis was 0.083. Radiometric measurements were highly correlated to
      spectrophotometric and plate count methods for measuring growth (r = 0.962 and
      0.992, respectively). The proportion of the total variability explained by the
      model in a goodness of fit test was 0.9994. Application of the model to broth
      cultures provided accurate estimates of the number of M. paratuberculosis
      (standard error = 0.21, log10 scale) and the growth rate (coefficient of
      variation, 0.03). Generation time was observed to be dependent upon the number of
      organisms in the inoculum. The model accurately described all phases of growth of
      M. paratuberculosis and can likely be applied to other slowly growing
      microorganisms.

PMID- 3377504
TI  - Purification and characterization of acetone cyanohydrin lyase from Linum
      usitatissimum.
AB  - The hydroxynitrile lyase (EC 4.1.2.--) which catalyzes the dissociation of the
      cyanohydrins of acetone and 2-butanone has been isolated and purified from young
      seedlings of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). The purification procedure involved
      precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, chromatofocusing, and chromatography on DEAE
      cellulose, hydroxylapatite, Sephacryl 200, and Matrex Red A gel columns with a
      final recovery of 21%. Purification of 136-fold yielded an apparently homogeneous
      preparation that, in contrast to the lyases isolated from Prunus species, is not
      a flavoprotein. The subunit molecular weight of 42,000 was estimated by gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The native molecular
      weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration (HPLC) to be 82,000. The
      enzyme has a narrow pH optimum around 5.5 and is highly stable at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 3377503
TI  - Mineralization of phenanthrene by a Mycobacterium sp.
AB  - A Mycobacterium sp., designated strain BG1, able to utilize the polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source was
      isolated from estuarine sediment following enrichment with the hydrocarbon.
      Unlike other phenanthrene degraders, this bacterium degraded phenanthrene via 1
      hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid without accumulating this or other aromatic
      intermediates, as shown by high-performance liquid chromatography. Degradation
      proceeded via meta cleavage of protocatechuic acid. Different nonionic
      surfactants (Tween compounds) solubilized the phenanthrene to different degrees
      and enhanced phenanthrene utilization. The order of enhancement, however, did not
      correlate perfectly with increased solubility, suggesting physiological as well
      as physicochemical effects of the surfactants. Plasmids of approximately 21, 58,
      and 77 megadaltons were detected in cells grown with phenanthrene but not in
      those which, after growth on nutrient media, lost the phenanthrene-degrading
      phenotype. Given that plasmid-mediated degradations of aromatic hydrocarbons
      generally occur via meta cleavages, it is of interest that the addition of
      pyruvate, a product of meta cleavage, supported rapid mineralization of
      phenanthrene in broth culture; succinate, a product of ortho cleavage, supported
      growth but completely repressed the utilization of phenanthrene. The involvement
      of plasmids may have given rise to the unusual degradation pattern that was
      observed.

PMID- 3377505
TI  - Prothymosin alpha and parathymosin: amino acid sequences deduced from the cloned
      rat spleen cDNAs.
AB  - A rat spleen cDNA library was screened for clones carrying the cDNAs for
      prothymosin alpha and parathymosin. Sequence analysis of a clone carrying the
      entire coding region for prothymosin alpha confirmed and completed the amino acid
      sequence for this polypeptide and established the number of amino acid residues
      as 111. Rat prothymosin alpha differs from human prothymosin alpha at six
      positions, including four substitutions and two insertions. The nucleotide
      sequences of the cDNAs for the rat and human polypeptides are more than 90%
      identical in the open reading frames, with significant homology extending into
      the 5' and 3' flanking regions. From the same library, we also isolated a clone
      carrying 80% of the coding region for rat parathymosin. The number of amino acid
      residues in rat parathymosin is 101, based on the sequence deduced from the cDNA
      insert and earlier information on the sequence in the amino-terminal portion of
      this polypeptide. Despite their similarity in size and amino acid composition,
      rat prothymosin alpha and rat parathymosin show only limited sequence homology,
      primarily in the segment including residues 14 through 25, where 10 of 12
      positions are identical in the two polypeptides. this is also the region of
      significant sequence similarity to a 12-amino-acid segment in the p17 protein of
      the human immunodeficiency disease associated virus (HTLV-IIIB).

PMID- 3377506
TI  - 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride modification of glutamate dehydrogenase: the
      construction and activity of heterohexamers.
AB  - Modification of glutamate dehydrogenase with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
      at pH 8.0 results in the progressive loss of enzymatic activity and a concomitant
      increase in the negative charge of the protein. Although the rate of inactivation
      at room temperature is too rapid to allow accurate rate constant determination,
      modification at 4 degrees C shows that the pseudo-first-order rate constant for
      inactivation appears to show a saturation effect with increasing reagent
      concentration, with a maximum of approximately 1 min-1. Control experiments
      showed that tetrahydrophthalic anhydride was hydrolyzed at a much slower rate,
      with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.041 min-1. Protection studies
      indicated that inactivation was decreased by the active site ligands, NADP and 2
      oxoglutarate. The extents of inactivation, whether assayed with glutamate at pH
      7.0 or norvaline at pH 8.0, were the same. Changes in mobility on native gels and
      isoelectric point were used to follow the incorporated negative charge resulting
      from modification. Enzyme modified in the presence of protecting ligands (where
      activity is maintained) showed mobility changes which suggested that a single
      site of modification was protected. Modified enzyme incorporated 0.78 mol
      pyridoxal 5-phosphate less than native enzyme, consistent with modification of
      lysine-126. Enzyme modified under limiting conditions was shown to have a
      quaternary structure similar to that of the native enzyme, as judged by
      crosslinking patterns obtained with dimethylpimelimidate. The modified protein is
      readily resolved from unmodified protein using an NaCl double gradient elution
      from DEAE-Sephacel. The modification is reversed with regain of activity by
      incubation of the modified enzyme at low pH. We have made use of the recently
      demonstrated ability of guanidine hydrochloride to dissociate the hexamer of
      glutamate dehydrogenase into trimers that can then be reassociated to construct
      heterohexamers of glutamate dehydrogenase, in which one trimer of the
      heterohexamer contains native subunits while the other has been inactivated by
      the 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride modification. The heterohexamer is
      separated from either native or fully modified hexamers by DEAE-Sephacel
      chromatography. Significantly, the heterohexamer has little detectable catalytic
      activity, although activity is regained by reversal of the modification of the
      one modified trimer in the hexamer. This demonstrates that catalytic site
      cooperation between trimers in the hexamer of glutamate dehydrogenase is an
      essential component of the enzymatic activity of this enzyme.

PMID- 3377507
TI  - Identification of a rosette-enriched chromatin fraction from mouse fibroblast
      nuclei.
AB  - We have characterized two components of DNA isolated from mouse L-M cell nuclei.
      These components, designated as HMW (high molecular weight) and VHMW (very high
      molecular weight) DNA, were characterized by rate zonal sedimentation, agarose
      gel electrophoresis, and for protein content. Our electron micrographs revealed
      that HMW-DNA contained mainly linear molecules with few single rosette
      structures, while the VHMW-DNA was enriched in rosettes, many of which were
      significantly larger and linked together in multimeric structural forms. The VHMW
      DNA component was also enriched for residual protein, which we believe represents
      the core of the rosette. The characteristics of this residual protein are
      consistent with reported findings of the most tightly bound proteins. The rosette
      conformation does not appear to be an artifact of microscopy or of an aggregate
      nature for several reasons: (i) rosettes are preferentially found in the VHMW-DNA
      component; (ii) further manipulation or purification of the DNA disrupts the
      rosette structure and produces linear fragments; (iii) the amount of
      proteinaceous material at the core of the rosette is diminished when the DNA is
      further purified; and (iv) treatment of intact nuclei with a novel bisamine
      reagent putatively crosslinks DNA in vivo and minimizes the disruption of
      rosettes by shear. We believe this separation of chromatin is critical to
      establish the architectural forms of euchromatin and heterochromatin of
      interphase DNA in the eucaryotic system. Once established, fractionated chromatin
      can be used to identify specifically expressed or repressed genes with linear
      form DNA and rosette form DNA. We discuss rosettes as derivatives of chromosomal
      domains that retain structural features because of residual peptide elements.

PMID- 3377508
TI  - Purification of galactose oxidase from Dactylium dendroides by affinity
      chromatography on melibiose-polyacrylamide.
AB  - Galactose oxidase is a fungal enzyme which is known to oxidize the C-6
      hydroxymethyl of galactose and galactosamine to an aldehyde group. It has been
      widely used in glycoconjugate research, for example in the labeling of
      asialoglycoproteins. We have developed a simple affinity purification for
      galactose oxidase using melibiose-polyacrylamide. This affinity procedure was
      used to purify the enzyme from ammonium sulfate precipitates of culture filtrates
      of Dactylium dendroides. The material containing proteases and other contaminants
      is eluted in the buffer wash. The galactose oxidase is then specifically eluted
      from the column with buffer containing 0.1 M D-fucose or D-galactose. Using this
      procedure, the enzyme was also purified from commercial samples of galactose
      oxidase which contain high proteolytic activity.

PMID- 3377509
TI  - Intestinal-type glycosphingolipids in urine from patients with enterocutaneous
      urinary diversions.
AB  - Ureteroenterocutaneous stoma is a surgical procedure for urinary diversion by
      which an intestinal segment is used as a conduit or reservoir for the urine. The
      intestinal mucosa continues to produce a mucous gel containing desquamated
      epithelial cells. This mucous gel is easily obtainable from the urine.
      Glycosphingolipids were isolated from such gels and analyzed with immunological
      methods using a thin-layer chromatography overlay assay and mass spectrometry.
      The glycosphingolipids obtained mainly belong to the lacto-type I series
      comprising ABH, Lea, and Leb determinants. These observations support the
      intestinal origin of the glycosphingolipids. A regional distribution of the ABH
      and Lewis antigens, which is in accordance with previous immunohistochemical
      findings, was observed.

PMID- 3377510
TI  - Inhibition of rabbit beta-globin synthesis by complementary oligonucleotides:
      identification of mRNA sites sensitive to inhibition.
AB  - We tested the effects of a series of synthetic oligonucleotides (hybridons)
      complementary to the 5' noncoding and coding regions of rabbit beta-globin mRNA
      on endogenous protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation
      system. With highly purified hybridons inhibition was completely specific for
      beta-globin. The sites most sensitive to inhibition are the beginning of the 5'
      noncoding region and a sequence including the initiation codon and several
      upstream bases. The region between these was relatively insensitive to
      inhibition. The sites of maximum sensitivity coincide with known protein binding
      sites, suggesting that hybridons exert their effects in part by blocking the
      binding of proteins required for translation. Their effectiveness seems related
      to the ease with which they are displaced by ribosomes.

PMID- 3377511
TI  - Interaction of gastrin with transferrin: effects of ferric ions.
AB  - The sedimentation behavior of 125I-labeled gastrin has been studied as a function
      of Fe3+ ion concentration and pH. Both sedimentation velocity and sedimentation
      equilibrium experiments indicated that high-molecular-weight Fe3+-gastrin
      complexes were formed at pH 5.0 and pH 7.4. Self-association of gastrin alone was
      observed at pH values below 5.0. 125I-labeled gastrin bound to human serum
      apotransferrin at pH 7.4. Scatchard analysis of the gastrin-apotransferrin
      complex gave a Kd of approximately 6.4 microM at 37 degrees C, with two binding
      sites per molecule of apotransferrin. No significant binding of gastrin to
      diferric transferrin was observed under the same conditions. The binding of
      gastrin to apotransferrin was inhibited by NaCl. The results are consistent with
      the hypothesis that gastrin and transferrin act synergistically in the uptake of
      dietary iron by the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3377512
TI  - Characterization of a solubilized cell surface binding protein on macrophages
      specific for proteins modified nonenzymatically by advanced glycosylated end
      products.
AB  - Glucose can react nonenzymatically with free protein amino groups to form Amadori
      products, 1-amino-1-deoxyketose residues. These adducts can undergo subsequent
      rearrangements and dehydrations to form a complex group of brown, fluorescent
      pigments collectively referred to as advanced glycosylation end products (AGE).
      One AGE has been identified as 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI).
      The AGE-protein adducts accumulate with time and are implicated in irreversible
      tissue damage. We have previously demonstrated that macrophages bind and degrade
      AGE-proteins via a specific cell surface binding protein, thus selectively
      removing senescent macromolecules. In the present communication, we have
      solubilized this binding protein from the membranes of the murine macrophage cell
      line RAW 264.7. We have characterized the nature of binding protein-ligand
      interaction by competition studies using modified ligands. The data indicate that
      the carbonyl group, the furan ring(s), and the central imidazole structure are
      all important in the binding protein-ligand interaction. We have established that
      the binding constant (Ka) of binding protein for the ligand FFI-BA is 3.1 X 10(7)
      M-1. Chemical crosslinking studies have demonstrated that the molecular weight of
      the binding protein is 90,000.

PMID- 3377513
TI  - Studies on the autoxidation of dopamine: interaction with ascorbate.
AB  - An oxygen electrode was used to monitor the reaction between dopamine (DA, 1-20
      mM) and oxygen at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C, in both the presence and absence of
      ascorbate (10 mM). The selected concentrations approximate levels within DA
      neurons. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA, 0.1 mM) was used to suppress
      catalysis by trace metals in the reagents. Separate experiments with catalase
      showed that oxygen consumption could be equated with the formation of hydrogen
      peroxide. Depending upon the experimental conditions, ascorbate acted either as
      an antioxidant, suppressing oxygen consumption (H2O2 production) to 6-8% of the
      expected rate, or as a prooxidant, amplifying oxygen consumption by 640%. The
      antioxidant action is consistent with the scavenging of superoxide radicals by
      ascorbate. The prooxidant action is probably the result of redox cycling of a pre
      melanin oxidation product derived from DA. Analyses conducted by high-performance
      liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection revealed formation of a
      product with a very low oxidation potential; the product was not 6
      hydroxydopamine. These observations may be relevant to concepts of toxicity
      mediated by DA within neuronal systems.

PMID- 3377514
TI  - Scabies in health-care facilities--Iowa.

PMID- 3377515
TI  - Validity of the 'bioassay' for thioredoxin-reductase activity.

PMID- 3377516
TI  - The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI.

PMID- 3377517
TI  - Unreliability of self-reported burning tendency and tanning ability.
AB  - Burning and tanning histories were studied in 790 white students 18 to 30 years
      of age by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Only 325 cases (41.1%) were
      classifiable according to the Fitzpatrick scheme (skin types I to IV). Skin type
      I (always burn, never tan) was recorded only twice (0.3%). The minimal erythemal
      dose was measured in a subgroup of 197 students; these results showed no
      significant correlation with the self-reported burning tendency. In 508 students
      the burning-tanning histories were compared with eye and hair color, freckling
      tendency, and number of moles. The tanning ability showed a better correlation
      with skin complexion characteristics than the burning tendency. It is concluded
      that self-reported burning-tanning histories form an unreliable means of skin
      typing.

PMID- 3377518
TI  - The treatment of port-wine stains by the pulsed dye laser. Analysis of pulse
      duration and long-term therapy.
AB  - A flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser at 577 nm was evaluated in the treatment of
      port-wine stains. The degree of lesional lightening was compared following laser
      exposure with pulse durations of 20 and 360 microseconds. In addition, lesional
      therapy using the 360-microseconds pulse duration was evaluated for lightening
      and side effects following long-term patient observation and after repeated
      treatments of the same site. A total of 52 patients with port-wine stain were
      treated; their average age was 29 years, with eight patients less than 18 years,
      of whom 29 had comparative test site placement for the different pulse durations.
      Of these 29 patients, 25 demonstrated greater lightening at the 360-microseconds
      pulse duration test site. All 52 patients proceeded to receive full treatment
      placement with the 360-microseconds pulse duration, which resulted in an overall
      lightening of 42% after the initial treatment and 68% after re-treatment
      sessions. Forty-four percent of the patients had equal to or greater than 75%
      lesional lightening. Pretreatment anesthesia was unnecessary and only minimum
      posttreatment care was required. Mild adverse effects of epidermal change,
      depression, or pigmentary change appeared in only four cases and was limited to
      less than a 2% area in each of these lesions. These side effects did not recur
      when the lesions were re-treated at lower energy dosages. No posttreatment
      sclerosis or scarring appeared, even after multiple retreatment sessions to the
      same area, regardless of the anatomic location, color of the lesion, or age of
      the patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377519
TI  - Facilitated wound healing using transparent film dressing following Mohs
      micrographic surgery.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients participated in a controlled evaluation that compared a
      transparent film dressing (TFD [Bioclusive]) with a combination of conventional
      dry gauze dressing (Curity) and antibiotic ointment (Polysporin) in the treatment
      of fresh skin wounds following Mohs micrographic surgery. The TFD group showed a
      faster rate of wound contraction and reepithelialization and a shorter total
      healing time. The TFD was rated better with regard to comfort, ease of use, and
      ease of dressing removal. At six-month follow-up, the TFD group had scars that
      were softer, smoother, and showed less thickening and anatomic deformities.
      Better cosmetic appearance and greater patient acceptance were also noted with
      the TFD.

PMID- 3377521
TI  - Quadrant distribution of dysplastic nevus syndrome.
AB  - A 59-year-old man with numerous aggregated pigmented lesions confined to the left
      upper quadrant of his body is described. The lesions consist of lentigines,
      common acquired nevi, and dysplastic nevi. In addition, within this quadrant two
      malignant melanomas at different stages of progression developed from dysplastic
      nevi. This patient presents a hitherto undescribed quadrant type of dysplastic
      nevus syndrome. As quadrant syndromes are due to single mutations, our
      observation strongly supports the concept of an autosomal-dominant trait in
      dysplastic nevus syndrome.

PMID- 3377520
TI  - Calcinosis cutis following extravasation of calcium chloride.
AB  - A 27-year-old woman with hypoparathyroidism developed multiple firm white-yellow
      papules along the path of an infiltrated calcium chloride intravenous infusion. A
      biopsy specimen obtained ten days after the extravasation revealed an urticarial
      reaction. A subsequent biopsy specimen, obtained 25 days after the extravasation,
      showed diffuse dermal calcification, confirmed by roentgenographic analysis, with
      incipient transepidermal elimination. A biopsy specimen obtained 40 days after
      the extravasation was consistent with an elimination reaction. An increase in
      mast cells was not noted. Electron microscopy showed mineral deposits along
      collagen fibrils without significant collagenous degeneration. In this report we
      describe a complication of intravenous calcium chloride infusion.

PMID- 3377522
TI  - Generalized pinhead-sized papules in a child. Generalized lichen nitidus.

PMID- 3377523
TI  - Enlarging, painful scalp nodule. Proliferating trichilemmal tumor.

PMID- 3377524
TI  - A tender blue cyst on the leg. Eccrine hidrocystoma.

PMID- 3377525
TI  - Dermatological drug development.

PMID- 3377526
TI  - Defective calcium uptake in keratinocyte cell cultures from vitiliginous skin.
AB  - 45Ca2+ has been used to measure kinetics for the uptake, efflux, and "steady
      state" of this regulatory cation in keratinocytes grown from the involved and
      uninvolved skin of one donor (JM) with vitiligo. Cells grown from uninvolved skin
      yielded a very rapid uptake and efflux of this isotope before reaching "steady
      state". A similar profile has been found for keratinocytes from normal healthy
      adult controls. However, cells established from vitiliginous skin showed a slow
      uptake of 45Ca2+ before reaching the same "steady state" as the controls. 45Ca2+
      efflux has not been observed in vitiliginous keratinocytes. Furthermore,
      vitiliginous keratinocytes yielded a higher concentration of extracellular bound
      45Ca2+ compared with keratinocytes from uninvolved skin. Since Ca2+ has been
      found to be an allosteric inhibitor of membrane-associated thioredoxin reductase,
      this defect in Ca2+ transport may explain the proposed breakdown in free radical
      defense in vitiligo. These findings may also shed more light on the etiology of
      this disorder.

PMID- 3377527
TI  - Collagen-type synthesis in human-hair papilla cells in culture.
AB  - Hair-papilla derived cells were grown in monolayer culture and revealed the
      typical morphology and growth pattern which was similar but not identical to
      control fibroblasts. Hair-papilla cells were found to produce considerable
      amounts of collagen type I and type III and fibronectin. Type IV collagen
      production could not be detected. The ratio of collagen type III and type I
      clearly differed from the pattern observed in normal fibroblasts, being much
      higher in hair-papilla cells, where type III accounted for more than 20% of total
      collagen synthesis. These data show that hair-papilla derived cells have
      biosynthetic capacities similar to those of human skin fibroblasts as well as
      characteristic differences, indicating that they represent a specialized
      fibroblast subpopulation.

PMID- 3377528
TI  - Experimental burn-induced changes in lipid peroxide levels, and activity of
      superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in skin lesions, serum, and liver
      of mice.
AB  - The lipid peroxide levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
      glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in skin lesions, liver, and serum of mice were
      measured from the 15th min to 6th day after burns were inflicted on their skin.
      The lipid peroxide levels in the skin lesions were increased at the 24th h and on
      the 3rd day after the burns were inflicted. However, the SOD activity did not
      increase but was significantly decreased from the 30th min to 24th h. GSH-Px
      activity was almost undetectable in both skin and serum. The lipid peroxide
      levels in the serum were significantly increased and SOD activity slightly
      increased at the 4th h. The lipid peroxide levels in the liver were elevated at
      the 4th h and on the 3rd day although a slight decrease was observed at the 8th
      h. SOD and GSH-Px activities in the liver increased from the 4th to 24th h. The
      present study illustrates the changes in both burn-induced lipid peroxides in
      each organ and the induction mechanisms of the activities of oxygen radical
      scavenging enzyme, SOD, and lipid peroxide processing enzyme, GSH-Px, which
      responded to oxygen stress.

PMID- 3377529
TI  - HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigen expression of anagen and telogen hair bulbs in long
      standing alopecia areata.

PMID- 3377530
TI  - Effects of protein kinase C activators on mouse skin in vivo.

PMID- 3377531
TI  - Chemotactic response of human hair bulb papilla cells to chemoattractants in
      vitro.

PMID- 3377533
TI  - Effects of herbicides on stream Aufwuchs productivity and nutrient uptake.

PMID- 3377532
TI  - Persistence of DDT in the Yakima River drainage, Washington.

PMID- 3377534
TI  - The influence of season and exercise on the lethal toxicity of cyanide to rainbow
      trout (Salmo gairdneri).

PMID- 3377535
TI  - Histopathology of rainbow trout exposed to a bleached kraft pulp mill effluent.

PMID- 3377536
TI  - Characterization of phase I and phase II drug metabolism and the effect of beta
      naphthoflavone in the liver and posterior kidney of the channel catfish,
      Ictalurus punctatus.

PMID- 3377537
TI  - Cadmium kinetics in freshwater clams. IV. Histochemical localization of cadmium
      in Anodonta cygnea and Anodonta anatina, exposed to cadmium chloride.

PMID- 3377538
TI  - Cadmium and zinc interactions in fish: effects of zinc on the uptake, organ
      distribution, and elimination of 109Cd in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.

PMID- 3377539
TI  - Effects of mercury on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio).

PMID- 3377540
TI  - The effect of uranium mine tailings on radionuclide concentrations in Langley
      Bay, Saskatchewan, Canada.

PMID- 3377541
TI  - Toxicity testing of sublethal effects of dredged materials.

PMID- 3377542
TI  - Tigris-Euphrates Delta: a major source of pesticides to the Shatt al-Arab River
      (Iraq).

PMID- 3377543
TI  - Ethical and strategic considerations under conditions of intense community
      concern.

PMID- 3377544
TI  - Epidemiological studies of environmental exposure and specific diseases.
AB  - This paper includes many different epidemiological approaches to environmental
      health studies, and examples and discussion in terms of a limited number of
      exposures and diseases are provided. The methods described are not unfamiliar,
      but, by presenting a panorama in a linked context, it is intended to be
      constructive in developing ideas.

PMID- 3377545
TI  - Epidemiologic input to environmental risk assessment.
AB  - Epidemiological data are often rejected for risk assessment purposes because of
      the lack of accurate exposure data. Animal data are frequently resorted for risk
      assessment calculations. Such a decision should account for potential errors in
      animal to human risk extrapolations, which may be of 1 or 2 orders of magnitude
      or more. Because historical human exposure can usually be estimated with
      confidence that the errors would be considerably less than 1 order of magnitude,
      it follows that human studies should generally take precedence over animal
      studies, even when crude assumptions have to be made concerning human exposure
      levels. This paper illustrates this with cancer risk assessments for vinyl
      chloride and antimony, both of which relied on use of the stipulated average
      cohort exposure levels without use of any individual exposure data for cohort
      members. Linear extrapolations of risk to low exposures were used in both
      instances. Non-cancer risk assessments were illustrated by examining results of
      experimental studies of effects of ozone on ventilatory function. A simple
      approach, in this case involving visual inspection of study results, was again
      recommended. Consideration was given to concerns about synergistic effects of low
      level exposure to chemical mixtures. Calculations were presented to demonstrate
      that estimating risks by multiplying effects of individual chemicals produces the
      same risk estimated by adding effects, provided that exposure levels were
      sufficiently low for each individual agent. It was concluded that epidemiology
      has much to offer to environmental health risk assessment, but that
      epidemiologists need to be more effective in justifying the scientific basis of
      the design and interpretation of epidemiological studies to laboratory
      scientists, who frequently reject epidemiological findings for inappropriate
      reasons.

PMID- 3377546
TI  - Epidemiology needs and perspectives in environmental epidemiology.

PMID- 3377547
TI  - Methods: statistics and epidemiology technology and science.

PMID- 3377548
TI  - Acute respiratory effects of short-term exposures to nitrogen dioxide.
AB  - Eleven study subjects with asthma and 12 normal controls were monitored for 5
      days with a portable continuous nitrogen dioxide (NO2) monitoring instrument held
      at breathing level before, during, and after cooking dinner on a gas cooking
      range. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0), forced expiratory volume
      (FEV25-75), peak expiratory flow, and a tracing of the entire flow curve was
      monitored before the gas stove was turned on, during a break in cooking,
      immediately after, and 1 hr after cooking was completed. Study design for
      detection of health effects of the acute exposures to NO2 described above and a
      method of validating findings in an exposure chamber are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 3377549
TI  - Blink reflex latency after exposure to trichloroethylene in well water.
AB  - The electrophysiological measurement of the blink reflex (BR) can quantify the
      conduction latency in the reflex arc involving the Vth (trigeminal) and VIIth
      (facial) cranial nerves. We measured the electrophysiological BR in a population
      (N = 21), which had alleged chronic exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) through
      the public drinking water at levels 30-80 times higher than the Environmental
      Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contamination Level (MCL). A highly significant
      difference was observed in the conduction latency means of the BR components (p
      less than .0001), when the study population was compared with laboratory controls
      (N = 27). This difference suggests a subclinical alteration of the Vth cranial
      nerve function due to chronic, environmental exposure to TCE.

PMID- 3377550
TI  - Water nitrates and CNS birth defects: a population-based case-control study.
AB  - The relation between maternal exposure to nitrates in drinking water and risk of
      delivering an infant with a central nervous system (CNS) malformation was
      examined by means of a case-control study in New Brunswick, Canada. All cases of
      CNS defects for a "high" and a "low" prevalence area of New Brunswick, for the
      years 1973-1983, were included in the study. Controls were selected randomly from
      the livebirth files for the province, matched on county of maternal residence and
      date of birth. One hundred and thirty (130) cases were identified and
      individually matched with two controls each. Individual water samples were
      collected from the case and control mother's address given on the birth or
      stillbirth records. The study revealed that the effect of nitrate exposure in
      water was modified by whether the source of the drinking water was a private well
      or a public municipal distribution system. Compared to a baseline nitrate level
      of 0.1 ppm, exposure to nitrate levels of 26 ppm from private well water sources
      was associated with a moderate, but not statistically significant, increase in
      risk (risk odds ratio = 2.30; 95% confidence interval = 0.73-7.29). If the source
      of drinking water was a municipal distribution system or a private spring, an
      increase in nitrate exposure was associated with a decrease in risk of delivering
      a CNS-malformed infant; however, these effect estimates were not statistically
      significant. The positive increase in risk with nitrate exposure from well water
      sources requires further study using a larger case series and a larger proportion
      of exposures to nitrate levels exceeding 5 ppm.

PMID- 3377551
TI  - A critical evaluation of acute ozone epidemiology results.
AB  - Evidence from controlled human exposure studies demonstrates transient pulmonary
      functional responses to ozone exposure concentrations near the U.S. primary air
      quality standard of 0.120 ppm. There have been several recent efforts to document
      low concentration ozone effects in the epidemiological setting. Quantification of
      ozone effects under natural conditions of exposure can provide valuable
      information for risk assessment. However, results of epidemiological studies on
      acute ozone effects have had a limited role in decisions for air quality
      standards. This reflects difficulties in the quantitative interpretation of
      results that are to some extent inherent in the epidemiological approach, such as
      the difficulty of assessing individual exposures, failure to account for varying
      activity levels, and confounding by temporal covariates, e.g., temperature and
      pollen. However, in spite of the limitations of individual studies, when viewed
      as a group the epidemiological studies are consistent among themselves and with
      results from chamber studies.

PMID- 3377552
TI  - An overview of the Missouri dioxin studies.
AB  - Among the problems inherent in evaluating public health impacts around toxic
      waste sites are the difficulties in measuring exposure, our incomplete
      understanding of low-dose effects, the low frequency of disease incidence, the
      long latency period and silent course of disease development, the nonspecificity
      of clinical findings, and the probable multifactorial nature of diseases of
      interest. A multiphase approach for implementing epidemiologic studies in such
      settings was used in assessing the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD, or
      dioxin) contaminations in Missouri, where waste oil mixtures contaminated with
      dioxins were sprayed on various sites throughout the state for dust control in
      1971. Although the toxic effects of dioxin have been studied extensively in
      animals and documented in cases of accidental high-level exposure in humans, very
      little is known of the human health effects, if any, produced by long-term
      exposure to relatively low levels of dioxin. In addition to medical epidemiologic
      studies, which were done to evaluate the types of problems present in groups of
      individuals with high-risk of environmental dioxin exposure, other studies to
      characterize dioxin levels in adipose tissue and serum are under way in a sample
      of potentially exposed (as well as in unexposed) Missouri residents. Research in
      these areas will continue to be pursued to develop a more complete understanding
      of the risks and appropriate public health interventions in situations of
      community exposure to environmental dioxins and other environmental contaminants.

PMID- 3377553
TI  - Lung fiber analysis in accident victims: a biological assessment of general
      environmental exposures.

PMID- 3377554
TI  - The epidemiology of lung cancer in Xuan Wei, China: current progress, issues, and
      research strategies.
AB  - In Xuan Wei, a rural Chinese county of about one million people, females' annual
      lung cancer mortality is China's highest, and males' is among China's highest.
      Xuan Wei's very high indoor air pollution levels (sometimes exceeding 20 mg/m3),
      residentially stable population, relatively uncomplicated lifestyle, and wide
      geographic variation in lung cancer mortality render it highly amenable to
      quantitative, interdisciplinary investigation of chemical carcinogens due to
      indoor air pollution. To date, epidemiologic findings reveal a closer association
      of lung cancer with the indoor burning of "smoky" coal (as opposed to "smokeless"
      coal or wood) than with tobacco use or occupation. Current aerometric, chemical,
      and toxicologic findings tend to confirm this association, though the specific
      carcinogenic constituents of Xuan Wei indoor air pollution have not yet been
      determined. Chinese and American investigators are conducting interdisciplinary
      field and laboratory investigations to quantify the lung cancer risk attendant on
      indoor air pollution relative to other factors, to measure and compare the
      characteristics of pollution from different Xuan Wei fuels, to determine the
      relative etiologic importance of pollution composition and concentration, and to
      develop quantitative relationships between air pollution dose and lung cancer
      risk.

PMID- 3377555
TI  - Landspreading dioxin-contaminated papermill sludge: a complex problem.
AB  - Assessing the potential for human exposure and resultant health risk from
      applying dioxin-contaminated papermill sludge to agricultural and silvicultural
      lands in Central Wisconsin is a complex issue. This is an intricate problem with
      many facets to consider. Among the exposure and risk assumption issues discussed
      are application of dioxin and furan equivalency factors; acceptable daily intake
      levels; cancer risk levels; and exposure scenarios including food, air, dermal,
      and soil ingestion. The range of regulatory options run from banning any
      application of dioxin-contaminated sludge to establishing acceptable or tolerable
      contamination limits. A preliminary assessment of potential human exposure
      scenarios found a many thousand-fold range of risk.

PMID- 3377556
TI  - Longitudinal study of respiratory conditions among schoolchildren in Israel:
      interim report of an epidemiological monitoring program in the vicinity of a new
      coal-fired power plant.
AB  - Second and fifth grade schoolchildren living within 19 km of a 1400 megawatt coal
      fired power plant were followed-up. The children were first studied in 1980,
      before the power plant went into operation, and in 1983 after two units were
      operating. They performed pulmonary function tests (PFT), and their parents
      filled out American Thoracic Society-National Heart and Lung Institute health
      questionnaires. In the younger cohort, respiratory symptoms and pneumonia and
      measles were more common in 1983 than in 1980, while in the older cohort
      pneumonia and measles showed higher prevalence in 1983 but most respiratory
      symptoms became less common. Temporal changes in prevalence of respiratory
      symptoms and diseases and annual increases in PFT within three communities in the
      region with different expected levels of pollution were analyzed. It appears that
      effects of age, epidemics, and background variables rather than environmental
      pollution are responsible for the observed differences.

PMID- 3377558
TI  - Epidemiology in environmental health. First International Symposium on
      Environmental Epidemiology. June 3-5, 1987, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3377557
TI  - Bladder cancer in Massachusetts related to chlorinated and chloraminated drinking
      water: a case-control study.
AB  - Consumers of chlorinated drinking water have a small excess of bladder cancer.
      Risk may have been underestimated because of confounding and misclassification of
      exposure status. To address these problems, we undertook a case-control study.
      Detailed residential histories were obtained by telephone interviews with
      informants of 614 individuals who died of primarily bladder cancer and 1,074
      individuals who died of other causes. Their surface water has been disinfected
      with chlorine or a combination of chlorine and ammonia (cloramine) since 1938.
      The mortality ratio for bladder cancer among individuals who resided only in
      communities supplied with drinking water disinfected with chlorine, relative to
      individuals who resided only in communities supplied with drinking water
      disinfected with chloramine, was 1.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.1), using
      all controls; when the comparison group was restricted to individuals who died of
      lymphoma, the mortality odds ratio was 2.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.7-4.3).

PMID- 3377559
TI  - Improving the prospects for environmental epidemiology.

PMID- 3377560
TI  - Uses of epidemiologic information in pollution episode management.
AB  - Epidemiologic information and analysis are essential for the process of health
      risk assessment and management in pollution episodes. Recognition of causal
      associations between exposure and disease requires an understanding of the nature
      of data upon which such associations are based and of the limitations that affect
      such data. Data concerned with disease detection are often affected by long and
      variable latencies, clinical nonspecificity, low frequencies (small population
      sizes), and reporting biases. Data concerned with measuring exposures must take
      into account pathway uncertainties, probable low dose levels, inability to
      develop dose-response information, and the frequent necessity to rely on indirect
      surrogates for dose estimation. Where such difficulties can be overcome,
      epidemiologic analysis can be decisive in identifying causal relationships. More
      often, data limitations require more limited conclusions. Case studies from New
      York, Michigan, South Carolina, and Massachusetts illustrate the impact of these
      principles on the process of health risk assessment.

PMID- 3377561
TI  - Biological markers in epidemiologic research.
AB  - This paper identifies some of the issues relevant to the use of biological
      markers in epidemiologic research. Foremost among these are clarity of
      definitions and marker classification. Illustrations of markers in the categories
      of internal dose, biological effective dose, biological response, disease, and
      susceptibility are presented with a theoretical model for the interrelationship
      among these. Issues faced by epidemiologists in selecting markers for specific
      studies concern exposure complexity, marker specificity, marker persistence, time
      to appearance, and the use of target vs. surrogate biological media. Feasibility
      issues concern sample collection, transport, storage, and characteristics of the
      laboratory assay. The rationale for biological markers in epidemiologic research
      is strong in that markers have the potential for (1.) improving the accuracy of
      our "exposure variables," (2.) permitting the identification of preclinical
      disease and providing opportunities for prevention, (3.) allowing for more
      homogeneous and etiologically relevant classifications of disease, and (4.)
      enhancing our understanding of the biological processes leading to disease
      occurrence, thereby strengthening the interpretation of epidemiologic data and
      the theoretical framework from which we formulate research questions.

PMID- 3377562
TI  - Biological markers of solvent exposure.
AB  - The important limitation of many epidemiologic studies is the relative inaccuracy
      of the assessment of the magnitude of exposure. For some solvents, the
      concentration in biological media is an indication of the internal exposure and
      is an indirect indication of the health risk, at least for acute effects. For
      long-term effects, e.g., carcinogenicity, biological monitoring data can also be
      used as showed with the individual occupational data on the level of
      trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine. Occupational epidemiology can improve the
      methods for the assessment of the actual total exposure and health risk in
      environmental epidemiology by providing higher dose cohort data.

PMID- 3377564
TI  - Presentations delivered at the 100th anniversary celebration of the Southern
      Surgical Association. Hot Springs, Virginia, December 6-9, 1987.

PMID- 3377563
TI  - Study, endpoints, goals, and prioritization for a program in hazardous chemical
      epidemiology.

PMID- 3377566
TI  - The atriocaval shunt. Facts and fiction.
AB  - During the past 11 years, 31 patients with major juxtahepatic venous injuries
      were treated with the atriocaval shunt. Penetrating injuries occurred in 27
      patients (87%), and injuries from blunt trauma occurred in four patients. Shock
      was present on admission in 28 patients (90%). Resuscitative thoracotomy for
      cardiovascular collapse was required in 13 patients (42%). Juxtahepatic venous
      injuries included the vena cava in 23 patients (74%) and the hepatic veins alone
      in five patients (16%). One patient had an isolated portal venous injury, and two
      patients died before their vascular injuries could be delineated. Technical
      problems related to the shunt occurred in seven patients. Most were related to
      delays in placement or problems encountered in obtaining vascular control of the
      suprarenal vena cava. Major hepatic resection was performed in 11 patients (35%).
      Twenty-five patients died of their injuries. No patient survived who required
      resuscitative thoracotomy, hepatic resection, or when technical problems with the
      shunt occurred. Six patients (19%) survived and were discharged from the
      hospital. All sustained gunshot wounds to the retro-hepatic vena cava. Four of
      the six survivors had serious postoperative complications, but none were related
      to the shunt. Major juxtahepatic venous injuries are highly lethal. The
      atriocaval shunt will permit the salvage of some patients where other methods are
      not possible. Avoidance of delay and alternative shunting techniques that
      eliminate difficult maneuvers may improve survival in the future.

PMID- 3377565
TI  - Endotoxemia and bacteremia during hemorrhagic shock. The link between trauma and
      sepsis?
AB  - Previous investigations of a treated model of hemorrhagic shock in the rat
      indicated the frequent occurrence of bacteremia that appeared to derive from the
      gut. This paper determines the incidence of bacteremia and endotoxemia during the
      acute shock period and compares this with similar observations in humans in
      varying degrees of shock. Studies in 26 rats indicated that bacteremia and
      endotoxemia was present in 50% and 87%, respectively, by the end of 2 hours at a
      mean arterial pressure of 30 mmHg. Observations in 50 patients admitted to the
      trauma unit showed that positive bacterial blood cultures were present in 56%
      when the admission systolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg or less (p less than 0.01
      compared with either of the other groups). Endotoxemia was noticed in two such
      patients. Direct access of bacteria and endotoxin to the blood stream may occur
      during hemorrhagic or traumatic shock and is the probable cause of subsequent
      sepsis in traumatized patients when no other source is apparent.

PMID- 3377567
TI  - Charity Hospital experience with long-term survival and prognostic factors in
      patients with breast cancer with localized or regional disease.
AB  - Long-term survival, the prognostic effects of race, age, tumor size, number of
      positive nodes, and presence of grave signs (fixation, peau d'orange/edema,
      dimpling/retraction, satellite nodules, and ulceration) in this distribution of
      estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) were studied in 2480
      patients (1815 blacks, 665 whites) diagnosed with localized or regional breast
      cancer at Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans (CHNO) from 1948 to 1985
      and followed up in the CHNO Tumor Registry. Breast cancer-specific survival rates
      were 57%, 45%, 41%, 39%, 38%, and 35% at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 years,
      respectively. Size of tumor, clinical status of nodes, and degree of fixation
      were important prognostic clinical factors, and number of nodes was an important
      pathologic factor with no additional value of the "grave signs." Size and
      fixation were related. Independent of size, clinical and pathologic status and
      fixation were related. ER was related to age and PR was related to number of
      nodes. The excess mortality from breast cancer at later intervals from diagnoses
      was small compared with mortality from other causes. Some, but not all, clinical
      findings were important prognostic indicators. ER and PR were related to some
      variables with unclear meaning.

PMID- 3377568
TI  - Splenectomy in hematologic disorders. The ever-changing indications.
AB  - A comparison between a series of splenectomies performed at the University of
      Virginia Medical Center for hematologic disorders between 1946 and 1962 (Series
      I) and 1963 and 1982 (Series II) is presented. Four hundred splenectomies (20 per
      year) were performed between 1963 and 1982 compared with 94 (5.5 per year)
      between 1946 and 1962. Also noted in Series II was a sharp decline in the number
      performed each year between 1974 and 1983. The major factor responsible for these
      observations was the evolution of the staging laparotomy for malignant lymphomas,
      particularly Hodgkin's disease, and the decline in the average annual incidence
      of staging laparotomies since 1974. Staging laparotomy currently is rarely done
      for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Also contributing to the changes noted was an
      increase in the total number but subsequent fall in the annual incidence of
      splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis, idiopathic hypersplenism, and
      myeloproliferative disorders in Series II. The average number of splenectomies
      for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura increased from 1.1 per year in Series I
      to 3.6 per year in Series II; the annual incidence during the study period of
      Series II, however, remained constant. The total number of splenectomies for
      hairy cell leukemia and Felty's syndrome increased from zero in Series I to 12
      and 17, respectively, in Series II, whereas the number of miscellaneous reasons
      dropped from 29 (1.7 per year) in Series I to 15 (0.75 per year) in Series II.
      The mortality rate in Series I was 6.3% compared with 4.0% in Series II. No
      deaths occurred in Series II after 1979. Indications for splenectomy in Series II
      were for diagnostic purposes in 3.2%, therapeutic in 56.5%, staging in 39.5%, and
      restaging in 0.8%. Accessory spleens were found in 49 (12.5%) in Series II.

PMID- 3377569
TI  - Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with Stamm gastrostomy.
AB  - In a review of 125 percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEG) and 88 Stamm
      gastrostomies performed at Duke University Medical Center since 1978, the average
      operating room time for PEG (50 +/- 20 min) was shorter than for Stamm (96 +/- 26
      min) (p less than 0.0001). General anesthesia was administered in only 13% of PEG
      placements compared with 64% of Stamm gastrostomies. The cost of PEG was about
      $1000 less than for Stamm gastrostomies. The average time after surgery until use
      of the feeding tube was 1.8 days for PEG compared with 3.4 days for Stamm (p less
      than 0.0001). The overall complication rate after PEG was 8.8% (4.0% major)
      compared with 23.9% for Stamm gastrostomies (10.2% major) (p less than 0.005).
      PEG reduces operative time, necessity for general anesthesia, expense of
      insertion, incidence of complications, and requires less recovery time before
      use. PEG is the procedure of choice for gastric feeding access.

PMID- 3377572
TI  - Antegrade cardioplegia, retrograde cardioplegia, or both?

PMID- 3377571
TI  - Resection of hepatic duct bifurcation and transhepatic stenting for sclerosing
      cholangitis.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with sclerosing cholangitis underwent reconstruction of their
      hepatic duct bifurcation and long-term stenting between 1980 and 1987.
      Indications for surgery were persistent jaundice in 29 and recurrent cholangitis
      in two. The mean serum bilirubin level before surgery was 10.4 mg/dl. Liver
      biopsy revealed that 26 patients had varying degrees of hepatic fibrosis, and
      five patients had progressed to secondary biliary cirrhosis. In 29 patients the
      major obstructive duct disease was at or near the hepatic duct bifurcation, and
      in two patients it was in the distal common duct. The operative procedure
      consisted of: (1) excision of the hepatic duct bifurcation and extrahepatic
      biliary tree, (2) dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts, (3) insertion of Silastic
      transhepatic biliary stents, and (4) bilateral hepaticojejunostomies. Two of the
      five patients (40%) with cirrhosis died after surgery. In contrast, only one of
      26 patients (3.9%) with hepatic fibrosis died after operation. The 1-, 3-, and 5
      year actuarial survival rates for patients with cirrhosis were 20%, 20%, and 20%,
      respectively. The only long-term survivor underwent a liver transplant. The 1-, 3
      , and 5-year actuarial survival rates for patients with hepatic fibrosis were
      92%, 87%, and 71%, respectively. In addition, the mean serum bilirubin levels of
      patients with hepatic fibrosis at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 3.4 mg/dl, 2.9
      mg/dl, 4.0 mg/dl, 5.4 mg/dl, and 4.3 mg/dl, respectively. Two of the long-term
      survivors subsequently underwent a liver transplant. Patients with sclerosing
      cholangitis, persistent jaundice, and biliary cirrhosis should be referred for
      consideration of liver transplantation. However, in the absence of biliary
      cirrhosis, if the major obstructive disease is at the hepatic duct bifurcation,
      primary biliary reconstruction and long-term stenting should be considered.

PMID- 3377573
TI  - Right ventricular outflow tract reconstructions: the role of valves in the viable
      allograft era.

PMID- 3377570
TI  - Hemodynamic dysfunction in obesity hypoventilation syndrome and the effects of
      treatment with surgically induced weight loss.
AB  - Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), defined as a PaO2 less than or equal to
      55 mmHg and/or PaCo2 greater than or equal to 47 mmHg, was found in approximately
      8% of morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric surgery for morbid obesity and
      was frequently associated with clinically significant pulmonary hypertension and
      cardiac dysfunction. Forty-six morbidly obese patients, 26 with and 20 without
      OHS, underwent preoperative pulmonary artery catheterization. Although the two
      groups had similar values for percent ideal body weight, blood pressure, and
      cardiac index, the OHS patients had significantly higher mean pulmonary artery
      pressures (PAP), p less than 0.0001, and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures
      (PAOP), p less than 0.01. Eighteen OHS patients were restudied 3-9 months after
      gastric surgery. PaO2 increased from 50 +/- 10 to 69 +/- 14 mmHg, p less than
      0.0001, and PaCO2 decreased from 52 +/- 7 to 42 +/- 4 mmHg, p less than 0.0001),
      after the loss of 42 +/- 19% excess weight. These changes were associated with
      significant decreases in PAP (from 36 +/- 14 to 23 +/- 7 mmHg, p less than
      0.0001) and PAOP (from 17 +/- 7 to 12 +/- 6 mmHg, p less than 0.01). Significant
      correlations were noted between PAP and PAOP (r = +0.8, p less than 0.0001) and
      PAP and PaO2 (r = -0.6, p less than 0.0001). Both left ventricular dysfunction,
      defined as a PAOP greater than or equal to 18 mmHg, as well as pulmonary artery
      vasoconstriction, defined as PAEDP greater than 5 mmHg above PAOP, contributed to
      pulmonary hypertension in OHS patients. In conclusion, weight loss after gastric
      surgery for morbid obesity significantly improved arterial blood gases and
      hemodynamic function in OHS patients.

PMID- 3377574
TI  - Pulmonary valve insertion during reoperation for tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - Our experience with pulmonary valve insertion during reoperation for residual
      lesions after initial open repair of tetralogy of Fallot in 15 patients is
      reported. Preoperatively, 14 patients were in moderate to severe congestive heart
      failure, and all 15 had decreased right ventricular (RV) function at cardiac
      catheterization. All 15 patients had pulmonary insufficiency but not as an
      isolated finding. The most common residual lesions encountered were ventricular
      septal defect in 9, tricuspid insufficiency in 11, and peripheral pulmonary
      arterial stenosis in 6. Tissue valves were inserted in all patients. Mean peak RV
      left ventricular pressure ratio measured in the operating room decreased from
      0.61 +/- 0.10 (+/- the standard deviation) to 0.47 +/- 0.17 (p less than 0.05).
      There were no operative deaths. At follow-up (mean, 33 months), all but 1 patient
      were in New York Heart Association Class I or II. Pulmonary valve insertion
      should be considered during reoperation for tetralogy of Fallot when pulmonary
      insufficiency and RV failure are present.

PMID- 3377575
TI  - The long-term success of skeletal muscle in aortic repair.
AB  - To determine the efficacy of skeletal muscle for aortic repair, 23 swine
      underwent repair of descending thoracic aortic defects. In one group, a
      vascularized muscle flap was used to patch a 2- to 3-cm aortic defect. In two
      other groups, a short segment of aorta was removed and a 2-cm tube graft of
      freshly harvested but devascularized skeletal muscle or Vicryl mesh was used to
      repair the aorta. Swine were followed for up to sixteen months after
      implantation. There were no deaths or graft-related complications in the
      vascularized muscle patch group, and after sixteen months, there were no stenoses
      or aneurysmal dilatations of the flaps. Histologically, a mature pseudointimal
      layer had been deposited under the muscle flap and was grossly indistinguishable
      from normal arterial wall. In the group that received devascularized muscle tube
      grafts, however, suture line dehiscences occurred in 3 of 7 animals within two
      weeks of operation. There were no dehiscences in the 9 recipients of a Vicryl
      tube graft, a finding suggesting that deposition of pseudointimal elements was
      rapid enough to ensure vascular integrity as the Vicryl was absorbed. Postmortem
      examination of these animals demonstrated stenoses ranging from 30 to 50%,
      thereby indicating a lack of growth in the new pseudointimal wall. These results
      demonstrate the long-term reliability of vascularized skeletal muscle for use in
      major vascular reconstruction, and suggest the beneficial effects of avoiding
      prosthetic material and promoting optimal pseudointimal formation.

PMID- 3377576
TI  - Determination of brain temperatures for safe circulatory arrest during
      cardiovascular operation.
AB  - Profound hypothermia protects cerebral function during circulatory arrest in the
      surgical treatment of a variety of cardiac and aortic abnormalities. Despite its
      importance, techniques to determine the appropriate level of hypothermia vary;
      studies of temperatures recorded from multiple peripheral body sites show
      inconsistent findings. The purpose of this study is to establish objective
      criteria to consistently identify intraoperatively the safe level of hypothermia.
      Our studies are based on experimental evidence showing a correlation between
      brain temperature and development of electrocerebral silence (ECS) on the
      electroencephalogram (EEG), and the recognition that the EEG, as an objective
      measure of brain function, can easily be recorded intraoperatively. We studied 56
      patients who required circulatory arrest during operation for replacement of the
      ascending aorta or aortic arch (N = 55) or aortic valve replacement (N = 1).
      Peripheral body temperatures from the nasopharynx, esophagus, and rectum and the
      EEG were continuously recorded during body cooling. Circulatory arrest time
      ranged from 14 to 109 minutes. No peripheral body temperature from a single site
      or from a combination of sites consistently predicted ECS. There was a wide
      variation in temperature among body sites when ECS occurred: nasopharyngeal, 10.1
      degrees to 24.1 degrees C; esophageal, 7.2 degrees to 23.1 degrees C; rectal,
      12.8 degrees to 28.6 degrees C. Fifty-one (91%) of the 56 patients survived.
      Three had neurological deficits, none clearly related to hypothermia. Two
      patients (3.6%) required reexploration for postoperative bleeding. We conclude
      that monitoring the EEG to identify ECS is a safe, consistent, and objective
      method of determining the appropriate level of hypothermia.

PMID- 3377578
TI  - Predictors of length of hospitalization after cardiac surgery.
AB  - The cardiac surgical data base at Georgetown University Hospital was reviewed for
      patients operated on between January 1, 1980, and September 30, 1986, to
      determine predictors of length of postoperative hospitalization. Mortality among
      the 1,919 operations was 115 (6%). In the study group of 1,804 operations
      resulting in survival for at least 30 days, the following factors were analyzed:
      type of operation, age, sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class,
      urgency of operation, preoperative myocardial infarction (MI), weight, body
      surface area, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous cardiac operation,
      smoking history, and family history of cardiac disease. The overall mean length
      of hospitalization was 10.7 +/- 5.6 days. The analyses indicated that valve
      operation, age less than 30 and greater than 60 years, female sex, NYHA Class IV,
      urgent operation, preoperative MI 1 to 4 weeks before operation, and diabetes
      mellitus requiring medical treatment prolonged hospitalization, but generally by
      only 2 days. Major prolongation of hospitalization was associated with age in the
      20- to 30-year and 80- to 90-year brackets. Unexpectedly, heavy body weight and
      smoking were not predictive.

PMID- 3377577
TI  - Protection of the neonatal heart following normothermic ischemia: a comparison of
      oxygenated saline and oxygenated versus nonoxygenated cardioplegia.
AB  - Optimal methods of myocardial preservation in the neonate remain unknown.
      Hypothermia and cardioplegia have been shown to protect neonatal hearts, but few
      studies have examined the effects of cardioplegia when administered at
      normothermia. Accordingly, the role of 37 degrees C St. Thomas' cardioplegic
      solution in protecting the neonatal heart during 1 hour of ischemia in an
      isolated working rabbit heart model was examined. Both oxygenated and
      nonoxygenated cardioplegic solutions (CSs) were evaluated and compared with an
      oxygenated physiological saline solution (PSS). Following ischemia, control
      hearts were characterized by severely impaired left ventricular function, whereas
      all three treatment groups recovered well, indicating that the treatments
      provided substantial protection. Aortic flow recovered to 62, 63, and 57% of
      preischemic values for the oxygenated CS, nonoxygenated CS, and oxygenated PSS
      groups, respectively. Similarly, rate of change of pressure recovered to 76, 80,
      and 76% of preischemic values for oxygenated CS, nonoxygenated CS, and oxygenated
      PSS groups. All values were significantly greater than those for the control
      group. Recovery of developed pressure was significantly improved in all three
      groups. End-diastolic pressure rose markedly following ischemia in control
      hearts, was not increased after ischemia in hearts receiving oxygenated and
      nonoxygenated CS, but was increased in the oxygenated PSS group. These data
      indicate that crystalloid cardioplegia and oxygenated PSS provide substantial
      protection in neonatal rabbit hearts, even when delivered at 37 degrees C. No
      additional benefit was seen when the cardioplegic solution was oxygenated.
      Therefore, either method of balancing the oxygen supply/demand ratio appears to
      be beneficial: supplying oxygen intermittently during ischemia (oxygenated PSS
      group) or decreasing oxygen demand during the ischemic period (cardioplegia
      groups).

PMID- 3377579
TI  - Conotruncal repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - A repair within the conotruncal portion of the right ventricle is introduced. It
      was used for the intracardiac repair of 30 consecutive patients with tetralogy of
      Fallot. The infundibular septum was totally resected to reduce the muscular
      outflow stenosis. Short patch infundibuloplasty with a large monocusp was then
      used. Instead of the tricuspid septal leaflet, the membranous flap was employed
      as the suture line for patching the ventricular septal defect (VSD) to avoid a
      conduction disturbance, residual VSD, and fixing of the tricuspid septal leaflet.
      The right ventricular (RV) to systemic arterial pressure ratio was 50.0 +/- 14.6%
      (N = 26) and right atrial pressure was 9.0 +/- 2.5 mm Hg (N = 26) one month after
      operation. RV end-diastolic volume was 93.0 +/- 30.5% of normal (N = 15) before
      operation and 96.7 +/- 29.0% of normal one month after operation in the same
      patients. These data suggest that a conotruncal repair can maintain good RV
      function with low right atrial pressure and with no increase of RV volume.

PMID- 3377580
TI  - Efficacy of intravascular volume resuscitation in dogs with acute cardiac
      tamponade.
AB  - Whether cardiac tamponade causes myocardial ischemia and whether volume
      resuscitation can improve coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial blood flow
      were studied by hemodynamic responses to three blood infusions of 15 ml/kg in
      dogs with left ventricular hypovolemia produced by cardiac tamponade (N = 10) or
      hemorrhage (N = 10). Coronary perfusion pressure decreased to 37 +/- 2 mm Hg with
      tamponade and 39 +/- 1 mm Hg with hemorrhage, causing significant blood flow
      decreases in both ventricles. Myocardial oxygen extraction increased
      significantly in both groups without affecting lactate extraction. Volume
      resuscitation after hemorrhage progressively restored hemodynamic variables to
      baseline values. Volume resuscitation after tamponade did not increase stroke
      volume, whereas it increased coronary sinus pressure to 19.2 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (p
      less than 0.05). Coronary perfusion pressure increased to 53 +/- 5 mm Hg
      following the first infusion (p less than 0.05), but exhibited no further
      improvement. Tamponade did not produce myocardial ischemia. Coronary perfusion
      pressure and blood flow were not restored to baseline values with volume
      resuscitation since coronary sinus pressure rose incrementally with each volume
      infusion.

PMID- 3377581
TI  - Aortic valve endocarditis with aortic root abscess cavity: surgical treatment
      with aortic valve homograft.
AB  - Aortic valve endocarditis with an aortic root abscess cavity was treated by a
      modification of the standard technique of aortic homograft implantation in 3
      patients. At a mean follow-up of 35 months, all 3 patients were well without
      reoperation or signs of aortic incompetence. This technique may, in some cases,
      be an alternative to the more complex procedure of homograft aortic root
      replacement with coronary reimplantation.

PMID- 3377582
TI  - Penetrating injury of the torso with impalement of the thoracic aorta:
      preoperative value of the computed tomographic scan.
AB  - A patient survived thoracoabdominal penetrating injury with impalement of the
      descending thoracic aorta from a crossbow bolt. The precise extent and nature of
      the injury were determined preoperatively by computed tomography. The injury to
      the aorta had not been suspected clinically before the computed tomographic scan.

PMID- 3377583
TI  - Traumatic rupture of ascending aorta and left main bronchus.
AB  - A 14-year-old male pedestrian was hit by a truck and admitted with respiratory
      distress and subcutaneous emphysema. Aortography revealed disruption of the
      ascending aorta. Bronchoscopy revealed rupture of the left main bronchus at the
      carina. Both lesions were repaired using a median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary
      bypass, and a transpericardial approach for the bronchial repair. To our
      knowledge, this is the first report of successful repair of a combined rupture of
      a major bronchus and the ascending aorta.

PMID- 3377584
TI  - Repair of sternal dehiscence using a Harrington compression system.
AB  - A case of sternal dehiscence repaired with a Harrington compression system is
      presented. This is a widely available apparatus, is relatively simple to use, and
      provides rigid internal fixation.

PMID- 3377585
TI  - A venous reservoir for cardiopulmonary bypass in newborns and small infants.
AB  - A venous reservoir has been designed for cardiopulmonary bypass in newborns and
      small infants that prevents undesirable volume shifts and thus permits precise
      control of perfusion.

PMID- 3377586
TI  - Right ventricular failure following cardiopulmonary bypass: inadequate myocardial
      protection or incomplete revascularization?

PMID- 3377587
TI  - Mixed venous oxygen saturation as a predictor of cardiac output.

PMID- 3377588
TI  - Interposition of coral between sternal blades to prevent postoperative
      dehiscence: a new method.

PMID- 3377589
TI  - Rapid autotransfusion during complicated aortic decannulation.

PMID- 3377590
TI  - [Molecular bases of modern antibiotic therapy].

PMID- 3377591
TI  - [Structure of the reaction adduct of xanthothricin with acetone].
AB  - Reaction of xanthothricin demethylation by amines in acetone as a solvent yielded
      a new compound with a formula of C10H13N5O3. Mass spectrometry, 1H NMR
      spectroscopy and x-ray analysis showed that the compound was 4H-1,6-dimethyl-4a(2
      oxopropyl)-pyrimido-[5,4-e]-1 ,2,4-triazine-5,7-dione.

PMID- 3377592
TI  - [Determination of iodine-containing admixtures in semisynthetic penicillins].
AB  - Dependence of the values defining the content of iodine sorbing admixtures in
      semisynthetic penicillins on pH, reaction time and drug aliquots was studied. On
      the basis of this study a general approach to development of procedures for
      determining iodine sorbing admixtures in semisynthetic penicillins was suggested.
      Procedures for determination of iodine sorbing admixtures in carbenicillin,
      carfecillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, azlocillin and ampiox were developed.

PMID- 3377593
TI  - [Calculation of a single and of subsequent extraction-reextraction cycles].
AB  - Estimation of the equilibrium distribution in the organic solvent-water system
      provided analysis of efficiency and optimal arrangement of subsequent extraction
      reextraction cycles in isolation of various compounds. The analysis was performed
      with respect to optimization of the total yield and required volumes of the
      intermediate phases. It was shown that the best arrangement of the subsequent
      extraction-reextraction cycles depended on the compound distribution coefficients
      at various stages.

PMID- 3377594
TI  - [Rheological research in creating cellulose ester-based hydrogels with
      antibiotics].
AB  - Rheological properties of antibiotic hydrogels based on cellulose ethers were
      studied. It was shown possible to use methylcellulose and sodium
      carboxymethylcellulose as bases for hydrogels with erythromycin and fusidic acid.

PMID- 3377596
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy of angiogenic sepsis].
AB  - Introduction to medical practice of new penicillins, cephalosporins and
      aminoglycosides is one of the chief reserves for increasing efficacy of
      antibacterial therapy. The main schemes of antibiotic use in treatment of sepsis
      and individual regimens controlled by laboratory findings are discussed.
      Optimization of antibiotic therapy schemes is based on pharmacokinetic studies,
      quantitative assay of antibiotic sensitivity and determination of antibacterial
      activity of serum and other biosubstrates at definite periods after antibiotic
      administration. In vitro time course investigation of the bactericidal effect of
      gentamicin, azlocillin and cefotaxime on pathogens of purulent infections at
      various sizes of the inoculum provided prediction of the antibiotic therapy
      efficacy in various purulent septic infections. It is indicated that rational use
      of antibiotics markedly increases efficacy of sepsis therapy and improves social
      and economic indices of the treatment.

PMID- 3377595
TI  - [Methodological aspects of an experimental multifactorial study of the combined
      use of antibiotics and immunomodulators].
AB  - Methodological approaches to investigation of the protective effect of natural
      immunomodulators are described. The use of multifactorial experiment design, a
      model of infectious processes and immunomodulators alone or in combination with
      antibiotics is implied. Theoretical preconditions for rational choosing of the
      experimental factors and their levels, as well as specific designs are discussed.
      Potentialities of polynomial statistic model analysis in development of optimal
      regimens for combined chemoimmunotherapy are shown.

PMID- 3377597
TI  - [Study of conformation structure and molecular interactions of rosamycin by
      infrared spectrum analysis].
AB  - IR spectra of rosamycin and its solutions in inert (CCl4 and C2Cl4), proton
      acceptor (tetrahydrofuran, hexametapol and diethylamine) and proton donor (CHCl3
      and CH3OD) solvents were studied at various concentrations (0.1 to 0.001 mol/l)
      and temperatures (20 to 100 degrees C) in the region of the vC = O and vOH
      absorption bands (1600-1800 and 3200 3650 sm 1). It was found that the absorption
      bands at 3480 and 3560 sm-1 observed in the spectra of rosamycin diluted
      solutions in the inert solvents referred to variations of vOH...N of the
      aminosugar fragment and to vOH...O = C of the ester group of the macrocycle.
      Bands at 1697 and 1717 sm-1 referred to vC = O of the ketone and aldehyde
      carbonyl groups and band at 1728 sm-1 referred to vC = O of the ester group whose
      carbonyl was involved in the C = H...HO intramolecular hydrogen bond. Intensity
      of vC = O band (1745 sm-1) of the free ester group was nought. However, it
      increased with using the proton acceptor solvents. OH...N and OH...O = C
      intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilized rosamycin molecule conformation.
      Mechanism of rosamycin interaction with the proton donor and acceptor molecules
      was elucidated. It was shown that tertiary nitrogen was the center of rosamycin
      molecule protonation.

PMID- 3377600
TI  - [Enzymatic lysis of staphylococcal cells and isolation of cell walls].
AB  - Procedures for lyzing staphylococcal cells with the use of ultrasound, lysozyme
      and a lytic enzyme complex of Actinomyces recifensis var. lyticus, 2435 were
      compared. The lysis level was estimated by two parameters: lower optical density
      and protein yield percentage. It was found that ultrasound provided rather high
      levels of cell destruction reaching 60-68 per cent. The use of lysozyme enabled
      to destroy 16 per cent of the cells. The enzyme complex of strain 2435 showed
      high lytic activity with respect to the tested culture. For destroying dense
      staphylococcal suspensions it appeared necessary to study the effect of
      preliminary treatment of the cells with various chemical substances on their
      liability to the effect of the enzyme complex. It was demonstrated that treatment
      of the cells with 0.01-0.1 M cystein HCl solutions, 0.01-0.02 M sodium
      dodecylsulfate solutions or 0.05-0.5 M sodium hydroxide solutions increased 2.6
      4.7-fold the cell liability to enzymatic hydrolysis. The studies enabled to
      develop conditions providing complete lysis of 10-percent staphylococcal cell
      suspension within 5 to 15 minutes under the effect of the lytic enzyme complex of
      strain 2435. A procedure for isolating cell walls was developed.

PMID- 3377598
TI  - [Absorption spectrum of admixtures coloring butyl acetate extract].
AB  - Colour of butyl acetate extract (BAE) at the clarification stage in chemical
      purification of benzylpenicillin is one of the important qualitative parameters
      necessary for the process control. BAE is benzylpenicillin-enriched butyl acetate
      with colouring pigments and admixtures of unknown nature. The routine laboratory
      photocolorimetric method provides only periodical control. It is labour-consuming
      and does not enable determination of the process end. The specific
      characteristics of the butyl acetate extracts and their components in UV and
      visible spectra were studied and the absorption region of the admixtures (350-500
      nm) colouring the extract with a maximum at 390 +/- 10 nm was determined. A
      photometric method, a definite wave length and analyzer Luch-II are recommended
      for optimal control of the clarification process. The apparatus was tested under
      laboratory conditions.

PMID- 3377599
TI  - [Current problems of work hygiene in the production of semisynthetic
      penicillins].
AB  - The hygienic pattern of the technological process for production of semisynthetic
      penicillins is described. It is shown that the chemical factor is the leading one
      of the environment in manufacture of semisynthetic penicillins unlike production
      of natural antibiotics. The characteristics of the chemical factor by the
      conditions of its creation, physicochemical properties and effect on man is
      presented. A set of hygienic recommendations for safe performance of the
      technological process for production of semisynthetic penicillins was developed
      and is now being introduced.

PMID- 3377601
TI  - [Sensitivity of clinical strains of facultatively anaerobic bacteria to
      antimicrobial drugs].
AB  - Six hundred and sixty five samples of clinical materials from patients with
      various pyoinflammatory diseases were tested for obligatory anaerobes. Anaerobes
      were detected in 148 samples which amounted to 22.3 per cent of the total number
      of the samples and to 33.2 per cent of the samples with microbial growth. A total
      of 171 strains of obligatory anaerobes were isolated. Among them 58.5, 24.5, 16.4
      and 0.6 per cent were nonsporulating gramnegative bacilli, grampositive cocci,
      grampositive bacilli and gramnegative cocci respectively. Sensitivity of the
      isolated anaerobes was tested with the disk diffusion method. The most active
      drugs against the tested strains were: nitroxoline, rifampicin, metronidasole,
      erythromycin, carbenicillin and cefotaxim (4.2, 4.5, 9.3, 10.6, 11.5 and 11.7 per
      cent of the resistant strains respectively). Gentamicin, polymyxin M, novobiocin
      and cefazoline were the least active drugs (94.6, 78.9, 65.4 and 50.0 per cent of
      the resistant strains respectively). Metronidasole, levomycetin, nitroxolin,
      rifampicin and furazolidone showed the highest activity against bacteroids of the
      fragilis group (0, 0, 0, 8 and 12.5 per cent of the resistant strains
      respectively) while gentamicin, polymyxin M, cefazolin, oxacillin, novobiocin and
      penicillin showed the lowest activity (100, 100, 100, 100, 87.0 and 66.7 per cent
      of the resistant strains respectively).

PMID- 3377602
TI  - [Effect of lysozyme on hepatocyte resistance].
AB  - Antitoxic effect of lysozyme was shown on a model of experimental acute toxic
      hepatitis of rats and mice. Administration of lysozyme to the animals in a dose
      of 5 mg/kg 24 hours before administration of carbon tetrachloride markedly
      decreased the level of morphological damages in the liver tissue and promoted a
      decrease in increased levels of alanine aminotransferase in blood serum. Higher
      levels of lysozyme in blood serum and cells of mouse peritoneal exudate 3 hours
      after administration of lysozyme were observed. The role of lysozyme as one of
      the main products secreted by activated macrophages in providing the general and
      antitoxic resistance of hepatocytes is discussed. Possible use of lysozyme as a
      hepatoprotective agent is suggested.

PMID- 3377604
TI  - [The boundaries of perestroika and the objectives of antibiotic science].

PMID- 3377603
TI  - [Effectiveness of prodigiozan, methyluracil and levamisole in experimental
      infection after administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].
AB  - The effect of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NAID) such as voltaren,
      acetylsalicylic acid, indometacin and naproxen on the efficacy of
      immunostimulators in treatment of infections caused by Proteus and Staphylococcus
      was studied. It was shown that except naproxen the NAID were capable of
      decreasing resistance to Proteus infections. Acetylsalicylic acid increased
      resistance to staphylococcal infections. The rest of the drugs did not change it.
      Prodigiozan increased resistance to the infections at the background of the NAID.
      However, volteran and indometacin lowered its effect in infections caused by
      Proteus. Levamisol stimulated resistance of mice to the infections at the
      background of volteran and increased resistance to Proteus infections lowered by
      acetylsalicylic acid. Methyluracyl was not able to increase resistance to the
      infections at the background of the NAID. It only increased resistance to Proteus
      infections lowered by acetylsalicylic acid. Levamisol and methyluracyl did not as
      a rule increase efficacy of antibiotic therapy at the background of the NAID.

PMID- 3377606
TI  - [The mechanisms of genetic instability of Streptomyces].

PMID- 3377605
TI  - [Selection of the seeding media and the age and quantity of mycelia providing
      simultaneous biosynthesis of an antibiotic and pigment by the fungus Hypomyces
      rosellus].
AB  - The authors observed maximum simultaneous biosynthesis of antibiotic and pigment
      in the microphilic fungus with using 48-hour seed mycelium having the specific
      growth rate of 0.008-0.011 h-1 in an amount of 5-7 per cent (v). The Balling 4
      degrees wart and Chapek medium with 1 per cent of soybean flower and 1 per cent
      of corn steep liquor may be used for growing the seed mycelium. No significant
      effect of the seed medium composition and seed mycelium age on the pigment
      production was observed.

PMID- 3377608
TI  - [Isolation and properties of the protoplasts of Streptomyces erythraeus].
AB  - The paper is concerned with development of conditions for cultivation of the
      erythromycin-producing organism and preparation and maintenance of its stable
      viable protoplasts. Optimal conditions for the culture growth and protoplasting
      were developed. Two-stage cultivation of the organism on media PB and S provided
      dense diffuse or diffuse local growth characterized by low differentiation and
      higher homogenicity. The incubation time at stage I was 66 hours and that at
      stage II was not more than 24 hours at respective temperatures. The culture was
      incubated on a shaker in the presence of glycine at the minimum concentration.
      The presence of glycine in the medium altered the culture cell walls which was
      evident from changing of staining by Gram from + to +/- . Treatment of such a
      culture with lysozyme for 30 minutes provided formation of up to 2.10(9)
      protoplasts per 1. ml. It is possible to maintain the protoplasts in frozen state
      at -20 degrees C in medium P for 1 month. Under such storage conditions the titer
      of the viable protoplasts as compared to the initial one decreased only 2-fold
      after the one-month storage.

PMID- 3377607
TI  - [The protoplasts of Acremonium chrysogenum. Biochemical and morphological
      studies].
AB  - A procedure for preparing stable A. chrysogenum protoplasts capable of 60 per
      cent regeneration was developed. Two morphogenetic types of the regeneration were
      detected. The variants isolated after the protoplast regeneration were
      characterized by wide ranges of morphological variation. Capacity for the
      antibiotic production varied from 60 to 160 per cent of the activity of the
      starting strain. A procedure for isolating functionally active mitochondria from
      protoplasts of A. chrysogenum was also developed. Their main bioenergetic
      parameters were studied. In the respiratory chain of the A. chrysogenum
      mitochondria there were detected three conjugation sites of oxidative
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 3377609
TI  - Effect of potassium depletion by thiazides.

PMID- 3377610
TI  - Informed consent. An improved perspective.

PMID- 3377611
TI  - Intermediate care. How do we know it works?

PMID- 3377612
TI  - Use of sequential cardiac enzyme analysis in stratification of risk for
      myocardial infarction in patients with unstable angina.
AB  - Patients presenting to the emergency room with unstable angina are a challenge to
      physicians whose responsibility it is to ration access to coronary care unit
      beds, a resource that is often in short supply. In this study, initial cardiac
      enzyme analysis was not helpful in identifying patients having an acute
      myocardial infarction. However, using two enzyme determinations, performed at
      least six hours apart, we were able to identify a large percentage of our
      patients with unstable angina who were at low risk for myocardial infarction.
      Patients with two consecutive normal creatinine kinase levels had only a 2%
      chance of having an acute myocardial infarction. We believe these data can assist
      physicians where monitored beds are in short supply to make judicious use of this
      limited resource; the subsequent reduction in critical care unit admissions and
      duration of stay could result in substantial monetary savings.

PMID- 3377613
TI  - Service vs education in internal medicine residency. Need for a resolution.
AB  - Decreased availability of internal medicine residents for inpatient care may
      result from efforts to contain rising health costs and to decrease funding for
      graduate medical education. The movement toward increased ambulatory training,
      reduced work hours for residents, and the declining interest in internal medicine
      careers will further decrease resident numbers. Hospitals have relied on trainees
      for an extraordinary range of hospital services, resulting in long duty weeks,
      assumption of large amounts of ancillary responsibilities, excessive patient
      loads, and increased house staff stress. Residents must be relieved of time
      consuming, nonmedical chores and internal medicine training must be redefined to
      provide experiences which are important to gain competence. Hospitals must find
      other resources for providing patient care functions not educationally valid for
      residents, to allow that training to refocus on the appropriate development of
      the internist of the future.

PMID- 3377614
TI  - Low serum creatinine levels in severe hepatic disease.
AB  - For five years, eight patients had abnormally low serum concentrations of
      creatinine. All patients presented with severe hepatic failure, which was due to
      fulminant hepatitis in seven patients and to advanced primary biliary cirrhosis
      in one patients. The serum urate (as uric acid) concentration was also low in
      seven patients. Endogenous creatinine clearance was increased in all patients
      (2.38 to 14.75 mL/s [143 to 885 mL/min]). However, inulin clearance measured in
      four patients was reduced (25 to 32 mL/min) and the creatinine-to-inulin
      clearance ratio ranged from 4.5 to 9.9. This range can be explained largely by an
      increased tubular secretion of creatinine related to body fluid expansion caused
      by a large fluid infusion. Renal function would be extremely overestimated when
      assessed from serum concentrations or clearance of creatinine in such patients.

PMID- 3377615
TI  - Physician practices in the treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - To quantify physician practices in the care of patients with presumed pulmonary
      embolism or deep venous thrombosis, we analyzed heparin sodium orders, the
      intensity of anticoagulation, and complications in 65 patients with the diagnosis
      of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. All patients were given heparin,
      for a mean (+/- SEM) period of 8.8 +/- 0.4 days. A high percentage of patients
      (60%) did not have a single partial thromboplastin time (PTT) greater than 1.5
      times control within the first 24 hours of heparin therapy. Not until day 8 were
      90% of PTTs in therapeutic range. We identified five common practices that led to
      delays in achieving a PTT greater than 1.5 times the laboratory control: (1)
      failure to start heparin therapy at the time of initial clinical suspicion, (2)
      choice of a heparin sodium bolus (mean, 5861 +/- 365 U) and continuous infusion
      (1026 +/- 148 U/h) insufficient to elevate the PTT to greater than 1.5 times
      control, (3) delay in obtaining the first PTT (mean, 11.7 +/- 1 h after start of
      heparin therapy), (4) insufficient heparin dosing in response to a low PTT, and
      (5) excessive and prolonged reductions in heparin therapy in response to a PTT
      greater than three times control, leading to subtherapeutic levels in 56% of
      subsequent PTTs. We think that poor understanding of heparin kinetics,
      overcautious behavior of physicians, and high heparin requirements in this
      selected population account for the findings.

PMID- 3377617
TI  - Severe Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in a patient with no immune deficiency.
AB  - A 40-year-old patient with no immune deficiency was admitted because of severe
      bilateral pneumonia and pleural effusion. The diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis
      pneumonia was confirmed by isolation of the pathogen and the appearance of serum
      antibodies to Chlamydia species.

PMID- 3377616
TI  - Severe soft-tissue injury following intravenous infusion of phenytoin. Patient
      and drug administration risk factors.
AB  - From April 8, 1982, through June 1984, 11 patients in a single hospital
      experienced 17 episodes of limb edema and discoloration after the intravenous
      (IV) administration of phenytoin sodium (Dilantin). One patient required a below
      the-elbow amputation; all other patients recovered. No single drug lot was
      implicated. A case-control study was performed using three controls for each
      case; controls received IV infusions of phenytoin and were hospitalized close in
      time to the case patients. Compared with controls, patients with reactions were
      more often female and elderly and had underlying cardiovascular disease. Affected
      patients also received phenytoin through an IV catheter smaller than 20 gauge
      (50% vs 6%), at a rate greater than 25 mg/min (63% vs 19%), and in two or more IV
      infusions of phenytoin given "IV push" at the same site (81% vs 24%). High-risk
      patients require careful monitoring and stricter guidelines for the IV
      administration of phenytoin.

PMID- 3377618
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery among Thai.
AB  - A pilot study was done during April 1984 through June 1986 to determine the
      incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among 50 Thai patients who
      underwent hip surgery, which mainly consisted of total hip replacement (19
      patients) and repair of hip fracture (29 patients). Most patients were in the
      sixth to seventh decade of life, and the male-to-female ratio was 32:18. Most
      patients were of normal or low weight, few had known risk factors for DVT, and
      all but three had general anesthesia. Venography performed on the operated on
      legs on the seventh to tenth postoperative days showed that only two patients had
      DVT, one in the calf and another in the calf and thigh veins. The low incidence
      of DVT in the Thai population even after such extensive surgery, which is
      associated with a high (40% to 70%) frequency of DVT in the Western world,
      suggests that routine prophylactic anticoagulant measures are not presently
      needed in this country.

PMID- 3377619
TI  - Reversible panhypopituitarism due to Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - A patient developed reversible panhypopituitarism due to an adrenal adenoma
      causing Cushing's syndrome. After removal of the adrenal adenoma, thyroid
      stimulating hormone, corticotropin, growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone,
      luteinizing hormone, and prolactin responses to various stimuli recovered
      completely. The reversible panhypopituitarism of this patient may have occurred
      at the level of the pituitary gland as a result of hypercortisolemia.

PMID- 3377620
TI  - Bronchoalveolar mastocytosis in farmer's lung is related to the disease activity.
AB  - Patients (n = 10) at the acute phase of farmer's lung were investigated with
      chest roentgenography, lung function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
      fluid analysis (n = 9). They had diffuse interstitial lung infiltrates and a
      reduction of the diffusion capacity. The dominating recovered cell types during
      BAL were lymphocytes; and in two patients, granulocytes. A prominent increase in
      mast cell numbers was seen in all patients. After avoidance of contact with moldy
      plant material for four to ten weeks (n = 7), lung function started to improve;
      and the BAL cell counts, to decrease. At clinical remission six to 14 months
      later (n = 7), the chest roentgenogram was normal and the diffusion capacity was
      slightly subnormal. The BAL numbers of mast cells and lymphocytes had further
      decreased but still remained increased compared with those in the healthy
      controls. Parallel to the normalization of the lung function and the recovery of
      BAL fluid cells, the increased BAL fluid concentrations of hyaluronic acid and
      procollagen III peptide started to decrease. These potential markers of
      fibroblast activation were significantly related to the mast cell number, but not
      to the lymphocyte number. The study has demonstrated that pulmonary mastocytosis
      is a prominent finding in farmer's lung and is related to the disease activity.
      The observed relationship between pulmonary mastocytosis and biochemical signs of
      lung fibroblast activation is further evidence to support the hypothesis of a
      mast cell interaction with lung connective tissue.

PMID- 3377621
TI  - The unproven utility of preoperative urinalysis. Clinical use.
AB  - We investigated the utility, ie, relevance to clinical outcome, of routine
      preoperative urinalysis with a retrospective study of 200 clean-wound,
      orthopedic, nonprosthetic knee procedures. Physicians primarily order a
      preoperative urinalysis to detect infection, because of the purported
      relationship between remote infection and surgical wound infection. We found that
      preoperative urinalysis is uniformly ordered, with a high prevalence of abnormal
      results (15%) but a low physician-response rate (29%). Wound infection was rare,
      but there was no difference in frequency of wound infection between patients with
      normal and abnormal results of urinalysis. We conclude that the utility of
      routine preoperative urinalysis is unproven. Current practice does not agree with
      the rationale for ordering this test, nor does published literature support it.
      Although data are inadequate to fully define the appropriate use of preoperative
      urinalysis, we suggest clinical recommendations and avenues for further research.

PMID- 3377622
TI  - Periglomerular granulomatosis. A limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis with
      exclusive renal involvement?
AB  - Three episodes of acute renal failure, all of them requiring hemodialysis, were
      observed in two patients. The renal biopsy specimens showed a massive
      periglomerular granulomatosis with crescentic glomerulonephritis. With
      cyclophosphamide therapy, a dramatic improvement in renal function was observed
      in both patients. Although the histologic findings and the response to
      cyclophosphamide therapy were characteristic of Wegener's granulomatosis, there
      was no evidence of respiratory involvement or extrarenal manifestations
      throughout the patients' clinical course. We think that these cases could
      represent limited forms of Wegener's granulomatosis with exclusive renal
      involvement.

PMID- 3377623
TI  - Two models of implementing informed consent.
AB  - The doctrine of informed consent has been controversial since its inception. In
      spite of the professed ideal of improving physician-patient communication, many
      commentators have argued that it interferes with the relationship. However, the
      problem may not be the doctrine itself but rather the manner in which it is
      usually implemented. This article describes two different ways in which informed
      consent can be implemented. The event model treats informed consent as a
      procedure to be performed once in each treatment course, which must cover all
      legal elements at that time. The process model, in contrast, tries to integrate
      informing the patient into the continuing dialogue between physician and patient
      that is a routine part of diagnosis and treatment. We suggest that the process
      model has many benefits.

PMID- 3377624
TI  - Listeriosis in the United States: 1980-1982.
AB  - The magnitude of the public health problem associated with Listeria monocytogenes
      in the United States has been unknown, and the route of transmission is largely
      undetermined. Investigations of recent outbreaks, however, have shown that the
      infection can be foodborne. We estimated the expected frequency of sporadic
      listeriosis based on hospital discharge data from the Professional Activity Study
      of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities for the years 1980
      through 1982. The incidence of listeriosis was 3.6 per million population per
      year, with an estimated 800 cases occurring in the United States each year.
      Attack rates were highest in neonates and in those aged 70 years and older (568
      and 11 per million population per year, respectively). Overall mortality was
      19.1%, with mortality rates increasing with advancing age. We estimated that
      listeriosis accounts for at least 150 deaths in the United States per year (fetal
      mortality not included). Throughout the nation, no marked regional differences in
      the incidence of the disease were apparent. We were able to identify three time
      space clusters, which suggests the possibility that a portion of sporadic cases
      may, in fact, be previously unrecognized common-source clusters.

PMID- 3377625
TI  - Fatal pulmonary emboli in hospitalized patients. An autopsy study.
AB  - To determine the accuracy of the antemortem diagnosis of major pulmonary
      embolism, we reviewed 1276 autopsy reports at St Michael's Hospital, Toronto,
      from 1980 to 1984. Of 44 patients identified with major pulmonary embolism as the
      cause of death or a major factor contributing to it, 14 (31.8%) had the diagnosis
      suspected before death. We could not find any distinctive features separating
      these patients from those in whom the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was not
      suspected before death. We conclude that major pulmonary embolism is still
      underdiagnosed in hospitalized patients, despite the availability of lung
      scanning and pulmonary angiography.

PMID- 3377626
TI  - The crisis facing printed medical literature. Acid paper.
AB  - Medicine strives to preserve the achievements of the past for the benefit of
      future clinicians and scientists. However, the paper on which medical journals
      are printed is steadily and irreversibly decaying. Since the late 1800s, most
      medical journals have been published on paper prepared with acids. In recent
      years, publishers, authors, and archivists have become aware of the destructive
      effects of acid decay on medical journals. Though the cause of deterioration is
      well understood, the choice of a remedy is still controversial. Remedies include
      acid-free paper, computerization, deacidification, and microfilm. These
      techniques are reviewed for their reliability, comprehensiveness, and cost
      effectiveness. Microfilm is recommended above other techniques as the most
      immediately promising solution. The authors propose that publishers be required
      by law to submit archival quality microfilm as a condition for copyright
      protection.

PMID- 3377627
TI  - Myocardial infarction, severe reversible ischemia, and shock following excess
      thyroid administration in a woman with normal coronary arteries.
AB  - In the absence of fixed coronary artery disease, thyrotoxicosis is rarely
      associated with acute myocardial infarction and/or ischemia. There are no known
      reports on the association of acute myocardial infarction with iatrogenic or
      factitious thyrotoxicosis in the absence of fixed coronary artery stenosis or
      coronary artery spasm. A 68-year-old woman, clinically in a state of
      thyrotoxicosis as a result of taking 0.3 g/d of exogenous thyroid replacement,
      sustained a severe, reversible myocardial ischemic event. Echocardiographic and
      scintigraphic evaluations demonstrated a large apical dyskinetic region.
      Subsequently, after the original dose of levothyroxine sodium was reduced to 0.15
      mg and the patient became euthyroid, two-dimensional echocardiography and
      scintigraphic and cardiac catheterization studies demonstrated normal left
      ventricular contractility and normal coronary anatomy. Coronary artery spasm was
      not induced by ergonovine maleate therapy. Exogenous thyroid administration may
      directly influence myocardial oxygen supply and demand, exclusive of coronary
      artery disease and coronary spasm. A critical imbalance may then result in acute
      myocardial ischemia and reversible left ventricular segmental wall motion
      abnormalities.

PMID- 3377628
TI  - Chyloptysis (chylous sputum) due to thoracic lymphangiectasis with successful
      surgical correction.
AB  - A 73-year-old woman with a two-year history of recurrent episodes of respiratory
      distress is described. The finding of an elevated triglyceride value of 23.4
      mmol/L (2072 mg/dL) and a normal cholesterol value in her sputum led to the
      correct diagnosis of chyloptysis after lymphangiography was performed. It is
      thought that congenital incompetence of the lymphatic valves was the cause of
      chyloptysis.

PMID- 3377629
TI  - An anesthesiologist's philosophy on medical clearance for surgical patients.

PMID- 3377630
TI  - Ectopic thyroid tissue on thallium/technetium parathyroid scan.

PMID- 3377631
TI  - Circadian rhythm of successful resuscitation attempts.

PMID- 3377632
TI  - [Severe acute transverse myelitis. Prognostic factors].

PMID- 3377633
TI  - [Diagnostic value of the dexamethasone suppression test in 65 cases of affective
      disorders according to DSM-III].

PMID- 3377634
TI  - [Clinical study of an institutionalized epileptic population].

PMID- 3377635
TI  - [Measurement of pain in animal models of deafferentation pain].

PMID- 3377636
TI  - [Spanish Club of Neuropathology. 10th annual meeting. 10 December 1987.
      Abstracts].

PMID- 3377637
TI  - [The cognitive mini-exam in Paget's disease].

PMID- 3377638
TI  - [Attempted clinico-topographic correlation in aphasias caused by non-thalamic
      subcortical lesions].

PMID- 3377639
TI  - [Bioavailability of haloperidol in nutritive solutions: clinical implications].

PMID- 3377640
TI  - Quantitative neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. A controlled magnetic resonance
      imaging study.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia and 14 normal control subjects underwent
      magnetic resonance imaging scans using a 0.5-tesla scanner and 600-ms inversion
      recovery technique. A midsagittal section and twelve 1-cm coronal sections
      beginning at the frontal pole were obtained, and linear, area, and signal
      intensity measurements were made on nine brain regions. Volume estimates were
      made by summing consecutive sections for four of the following regions: the
      precallosal frontal lobes, temporal lobes, lateral ventricles, amygdala
      hippocampal complexes, and cerebral hemispheres. The area of the third ventricle
      in its most anterior coronal slice was increased by 73% in schizophrenic subjects
      (0.83 +/- 0.08 cm2) in comparison with controls (0.48 +/- 0.04 cm2). Lateral
      ventricular volume was increased by 62% in schizophrenic subjects (24.7 +/- 2.6
      mL) in comparison with controls (15.2 +/- 1.4 mL). The lateral ventricular
      enlargement in schizophrenic subjects was more pronounced posteriorly than
      anteriorly, especially at the level of the anterior thalamus and the colliculi.
      There were no other significant differences between schizophrenic and control
      groups in any other spatial or signal intensity measures. There was no brain
      region the size of which correlated with ventricular size. These data corroborate
      third and lateral ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia using magnetic resonance
      imaging but fail to further localize the structural abnormality.

PMID- 3377642
TI  - A comparison of plasma homovanillic acid concentrations in schizophrenic patients
      and normal controls.
AB  - Plasma homovanillic acid concentrations, a potential index of central dopamine
      turnover, were examined in normal control subjects and chronic schizophrenic
      patients over a 12-hour period, including the period of sleep. Plasma
      homovanillic acid concentrations were lower in schizophrenic patients compared
      with normal controls at all times; however, within the group of schizophrenics,
      the more symptomatic patients had higher plasma homovanillic acid concentrations
      than the less severely ill patients. These data are consistent with a more
      complex role of dopamine in schizophrenia than was previously conceptualized.

PMID- 3377641
TI  - Dopamine metabolism and disposition in schizophrenic patients. Studies using
      debrisoquin.
AB  - Debrisoquin sulfate, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that does not enter the brain,
      was administered to 23 schizophrenic subjects. Plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
      and urine samples were obtained before and during debrisoquin administration and
      were assayed for their content of norepinephrine and dopamine metabolites, ie, 3
      methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The severity of the patient's schizophrenic symptoms
      was also assessed with several types of rating scales. During debrisoquin
      administration there were significant reductions in plasma, urine, and CSF MHPG
      levels. Regression analyses suggested that the reduction in CSF MHPG level was
      probably due to the reduction in plasma MHPG level, which contributes to the CSF
      MHPG pool. Debrisoquin administration was not associated with changes in CSF HVA
      level, although it did produce marked reductions in plasma and urinary HVA and
      dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels. Significant correlations between plasma and
      CSF concentrations of HVA were noted during, but not before, debrisoquin
      administration. Before debrisoquin administration there were trends toward
      positive relationships between symptom severity and plasma HVA concentrations,
      which became stronger and statistically significant during debrisoquin
      administration. These data suggest that debrisoquin may be used as a research
      tool to create a condition in which measures of HVA in peripheral body fluids
      reflect dopamine system function and metabolism within the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 3377643
TI  - Plasma homovanillic acid as a predictor of response to neuroleptics.
AB  - Fourteen schizophrenic subjects were evaluated for degree of psychosis before and
      after treatment with the antipsychotic drug haloperidol and for plasma
      homovanillic acid concentration after four and 28 days of treatment. A
      significant correlation was found between an increase in homovanillic acid
      concentration on day 4 or a decrease from day 4 to day 28 and the degree of
      improvement after four weeks of treatment. Thus, those patients who had the
      greatest change in plasma homovanillic acid in response to neuroleptic blockade
      showed the greatest improvement. These and other observations have led us to
      propose that the central dopaminergic system, through adaptive changes in
      activity, serves as a physiologic buffer system protecting against
      destabilization of mental function from diverse biologic or psychologic insults.

PMID- 3377644
TI  - Electroencephalographic sleep in depressive pseudodementia.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with mixed symptoms of depression and cognitive impairment
      were studied with serial clinical ratings and sleep electroencephalograms during
      a one-night sleep-deprivation procedure. A subgroup of these patients with
      depressive pseudodementia (n = 8) had less severe symptoms of dementia at
      baseline and showed significant improvements in both Hamilton Depression Rating
      Scale scores and Profile of Mood States tension scores following sleep
      deprivation, while another subgroup of patients having primary degenerative
      dementia with depression (n = 18) showed no change or worsening in Hamilton
      depression and Profile of Mood States tension ratings. Baseline sleep measures
      demonstrated significantly higher rapid eye movement (REM) percent and phasic REM
      activity/intensity in pseudodemented compared with demented patients. While both
      groups had increases in sleep efficiency, sleep maintenance, and slow-wave sleep
      following sleep deprivation, recovery night 2 was characterized by greater first
      REM period duration in depressive pseudodementia than in dementia. These
      differences in REM sleep rebound (using an REM period 1 cutoff of greater than or
      equal to 25 minutes) permitted correct identification of 88.5% of patients.
      Implications of these data for current theories regarding sleep, aging, and
      psychopathology are discussed.

PMID- 3377645
TI  - Risk factors for adolescent suicide. A comparison of adolescent suicide victims
      with suicidal inpatients.
AB  - The characteristics of adolescent suicide victims (n = 27) were compared with
      those of a group at high risk for suicide, suicidal psychiatric inpatients (n =
      56) who had either seriously considered (n = 18) or actually attempted (n = 38)
      suicide. The suicide victims and suicidal inpatients showed similarly high rates
      of affective disorder and family histories of affective disorder, antisocial
      disorder, and suicide, suggesting that among adolescents there is a continuum of
      suicidality from ideation to completion. However, four putative risk factors were
      more prevalent among the suicide victims: (1) diagnosis of bipolar disorder; (2)
      affective disorder with comorbidity; (3) lack of previous mental health
      treatment; and (4) availability of firearms in the homes, which taken together
      accurately classified 81.9% of cases. In addition, suicide completers showed
      higher suicidal intent than did suicide attempters. These findings suggest a
      profile of psychiatric patients at high risk for suicide, and the proper
      identification and treatment of such patients may prevent suicide in high-risk
      clinical populations.

PMID- 3377647
TI  - Suicide and substance abuse.

PMID- 3377648
TI  - Association of autism, retinoblastoma, and reduced esterase D activity.

PMID- 3377646
TI  - San Diego Suicide Study. III. Relationships between diagnoses and stressors.
AB  - Few attempts have been made to look for potential correlations between
      psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial stressors in suicides. In this study, we
      examine relationships between the most common psychiatric illnesses and the most
      common stressors in 283 suicides from San Diego County. We found that
      interpersonal loss/conflicts occurred more frequently near the time of death for
      substance abusers with and without depression than for persons with "pure"
      affective disorder. These findings are consistent with those of previous reports,
      suggesting a difference between the way suicidal persons with substance abuse and
      pure affective disorder respond to certain external stressors.

PMID- 3377649
TI  - [Passive electrical tissue parameters of normal and pathologically altered
      cervical epithelium].
AB  - Normal and pathologically changed tissues can be distinguished on the basis of
      passive electric measurements, if the concentrations of the membranes, the
      resistance of the membranes, the membrane capacity, or the conductivity in and
      outside of the cells are different for both tissues. The electrical parameters
      are immediately measurable without anesthesia under in vivo conditions by change
      of electrical pulses. 2043 measurements on 300 patients were carried out. A
      suitable combination of electrical parameters of the tissues revealed that there
      is a difference of 64.5 +/- 0.5% between normal and pathologically changed
      epithelium (cancer).

PMID- 3377650
TI  - [The TNM classification of pancreas cancer].
AB  - According to the TNM-System classification for the cancer of pancreas 331
      subjects were collected. Some important factors were associated with the survival
      time of patients, i.g. the localization, the size and the histological type of
      tumors. It is well known that when distant metastases are found, only a
      palliative operation is possible while metastases in the regional lymph nodes are
      considered as a critical moment of the treatment of this disease. Teamwork is
      strongly recommended between the surgeon and pathologist to achieve better
      results as it is presented by classification. Following this fact it is possible
      to determine accurately the actual stage of any cancer of pancreas. As a result
      of the present findings it should be suggested to establish comparable and
      standardised programs for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

PMID- 3377651
TI  - Single and fractionated whole body hyperthermia in murine fibrosarcoma.
AB  - The effects of single and multiple fractionated whole body hyperthermia (WBH)
      41.5 degrees C on benzo(a) pyrene induced fibrosarcoma of mice were evaluated in
      terms of tumour response and systemic alterations of the host. While single
      exposure of WBH(S) 2 hrs, caused moderate inhibition of tumours and increase in
      the median survival time, multiple fractionated exposures [WBH(M)] caused
      significant enhancement of tumours with decrease in mean survival time.
      Tumoricidal effects associated with increased acid phosphatase and beta
      glucuronidase activity were observed in both the regimes of WBH. In WBH(M) the
      development of thermotolerance was indicated by decreased activity of these
      enzymes in subsequent treatments. Elevation of plasma corticosterone and
      significant lymphocytopenia occurred in both the regimes. The alterations were
      transient in WBH(S) but persisted for more than two weeks in WBH(M), indicating
      that tumour enhancement is possibly influenced by corticosterone-mediated
      immunosuppression. In the WBH(M), the tumoricidal effects were counteracted and
      surpassed by the growth stimulatory physiological alterations of the host.
      Therefore the mode of application of WBH and the systemic responses of the host
      are critical factors that should be considered in designing therapeutic regimes
      with WBH.

PMID- 3377652
TI  - Human pharmacological investigation of a human recombinant tumor necrosis factor
      preparation (PAC-4D) a phase-I trial.
AB  - 15 patients aged between 24 and 66 years with 10 different malignant tumor
      diseases were treated with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor preparation
      PAC-4D in a phase-I trial. The starting dose was 10(5) U PAC-4D as an intravenous
      short infusion. The maximally tolerable dose is around 18 X 10(5) U/m2. As the
      main clinical side effects were observed: fever, chills, hypertension with
      subsequent hypotension, lethargy, transient somnolence, headache, neurological
      deficiency symptoms, nausea and vomiting. Important laboratory-chemical
      parameters were the increase in transaminases and, in higher dose levels,
      leukocytosis with the left shift and lymphopenia in the differential blood
      picture. As dose-limiting toxicity are estimated hypotension, and neurological
      side effects and hepatotoxicity. In one female patient who received 27 X 10(5) U
      PAC-4D there appeared pronounced, histologically verified necroses in the
      metastases of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

PMID- 3377653
TI  - Sensitivity of clonogenic cells of human ovarian ascitic cancer to antitumor
      drugs.
AB  - The sensitivity of human primary ovarian tumors to cyclophosphamid, 5
      fluorouracil and adriamycin was investigated using tumor cell cultivation in agar
      diffusion chamber. It was found that the growth of clonogenic cells of human
      ovarian cancer was most strongly inhibited by cyclophosphamid and 5-fluorouracil.
      Tumor sensitivity to cyclophosphamid and cis-platin was significantly higher when
      tumor cells were cultivated in the presence of macrophages, the effect being
      dependent on the macrophage concentration. Tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil
      was higher if prior to treatment macrophages were removed from the tumor cell
      suspension.

PMID- 3377654
TI  - Multicentric fibromatosis of familial inheritance.

PMID- 3377655
TI  - Chloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3377656
TI  - Metaplastic breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3377657
TI  - The pathologist as physician executive. Administrative medicine comes of age.

PMID- 3377658
TI  - Interobserver variability in collecting data from medical records.
AB  - As part of a quality assurance program for monitoring medical efficacy of
      laboratory tests, three registered nurses collected data from the records of over
      3000 patients who had plasma parathyroid hormone measurements. At the close of
      this investigation, medical records were reabstracted to assess the consistency
      of data collection. Overall agreement between data entries varied from 99.5% to
      93.4% to 82% for 1672 numerical entries, 940 interpretative entries, and 50
      classification codes, respectively. Statistics for 68 variables showed 3% poor
      agreement, 10% slight to fair agreement, 15% moderate agreement, 24% substantial
      agreement, and 48% almost perfect agreement. Since interobserver variability is a
      potential source of bias, statistical analysis of reabstracted data is a useful
      way to evaluate data consistency.

PMID- 3377659
TI  - Lung biopsy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), with pulmonary involvement
      confirmed by biopsy, presented with progressive cough and/or shortness of breath
      and had interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs. Biopsies showed a dense
      lymphocytic infiltrate that followed bronchovascular bundles. We considered CLL
      the predominant finding, and the cause of the patient's pulmonary disease, in
      eight cases; in one, a histologically nonspecific organizing pneumonia was the
      main lesion and CLL was an incidental finding. Culture results were available in
      six cases and were negative except in one case with presumed contaminants. A
      granulomatous reaction was present in five cases and was necrotizing in two,
      although culture results were negative. The only case with a recognizable
      organism had noninvasive fungal hyphae growing in many of the small airways. All
      of the patients' respiratory symptoms improved after chemotherapy and/or steroid
      therapy, and the chest radiographs also showed clearing.

PMID- 3377660
TI  - Immunohistochemical diagnosis of sinonasal melanoma, carcinoma, and neuroblastoma
      with monoclonal antibodies HMB-45 and anti-synaptophysin.
AB  - The efficacy of two new monoclonal antibodies with cell lineage-restricted
      reactivity (HMB-45 [melanocytes] and anti-synaptophysin [neuroepithelial cells])
      was compared with that of "traditional" antibody panels in the delineation of
      malignant melanoma (MM) of the sinonasal region, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),
      and olfactory neuroblastoma (ONBL). HMB-45 recognized all of eight melanomas and
      stained one of five neuroblastomas, but failed to label any of 12 cases of NPC.
      All examples of ONBL were stained by anti-synaptophysin; other tumors were
      nonreactive with this reagent. A panel of antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin,
      epithelial membrane antigen, and S100 protein was also effective in
      discriminating between MM, NPC and ONBL. These results suggest that HMB-45 and
      anti-synaptophysin are comparable in utility to more extended antibody panels in
      the diagnosis of sinonasal malignancies, but only if used in combination with one
      another.

PMID- 3377661
TI  - Pleomorphic (anaplastic) neuroblastoma.
AB  - Four very unusual cases of neuroblastoma in children are reported. Clinically,
      they had a similar presentation: advanced disease at onset, diffuse abdominal
      spread, poor treatment response, and rapid progression. Pathologically, the four
      cases were characterized by a striking degree of cellular and nuclear
      pleomorphism and anaplasia with bizarre and monstrous expressions. Although some
      authors have referred to the immature ganglion cells found in neuroblastoma as
      "bizarre ganglion cells," they usually mean the enlarged, maturing neuroblasts
      that are typical of ganglioneuroblastoma but far from the extreme anaplasia seen
      in our cases. A correlation between the clinical course and the histological
      picture could be hypothetically suggested, but additional evidence and
      confirmation is needed. These cellular aberrations might represent an
      unsuccessful and impaired attempt at maturation. Independent from prognosis, the
      definition of anaplastic neuroblastoma is a useful conceptual specification in
      the study of this tumor and of giant cell and pleomorphic malignant neoplasms of
      childhood.

PMID- 3377662
TI  - Anomalous right coronary artery origin in otherwise unexplained infant death.
AB  - Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva has
      only recently become recognized as a cause of sudden death in neonates, infants,
      and young children. The mechanism of death in these cases may be decreased
      myocardial perfusion by the anomalous vessel due to a combination of factors.
      Tangential takeoff of the vessel with resultant slitlike ostium and its initial
      investment in the aortic adventitia with diastolic entrapment and compression are
      both thought to be at play. Since 1983, three infants with this anomaly and
      associated sudden death have been described. We describe a fourth case and offer
      an assessment of the overall frequency of this potentially fatal abnormality.

PMID- 3377663
TI  - Juvenile nephronophthisis with calcification of basal ganglia and pancreatic
      insufficiency.
AB  - Juvenile nephronophthisis is a major cause of progressive renal failure in
      children. Its manifestations are varied and protean. It is a multisystem
      syndrome, encompassing and overlapping related disorders. We treated a 4-year-old
      girl who presented with various manifestations of progressive renal failure
      characteristic of juvenile nephronophthisis, in addition to calcification of the
      basal ganglia and pancreatic lipomatosis, two associated conditions hitherto
      undescribed. It is hoped that further reports of other associated conditions may
      help to clarify further the nature of this complex syndrome.

PMID- 3377664
TI  - Postural sway biofeedback: its effect on reestablishing stance stability in
      hemiplegic patients.
AB  - A static force plate system was used to examine postural sway characteristics in
      16 hemiplegic patients and in 34 normal elderly subjects. The effectiveness of
      postural sway (center of pressure) biofeedback was compared to conventional
      physical therapy practices in reestablishing stance stability in hemiplegic
      patients. Postural sway abnormalities in hemiplegic patients included significant
      mean lateral displacement of sway towards the nonaffected leg and increased total
      sway area. Postural sway biofeedback was more effective than conventional
      physical therapy practices in reducing mean lateral displacement of sway. This
      was associated with increased loading of the affected leg. Posttreatment changes
      in total sway area were not significantly different between experimental and
      control groups.

PMID- 3377665
TI  - Ultrasound thermotherapy effect on the recovery of nerve conduction in
      experimental compression neuropathy.
AB  - Bilateral tibial nerves of 18 albino rats were mechanically compressed between
      knee and ankle. Beginning on the fifth day after compression, ultrasound
      thermotherapy of 0.5 or 1.0watt/cm2 was applied over the area of nerve
      compression in one limb for one minute three times per week. The other side
      (control) was not treated. Motor distal latency (DL), motor nerve conduction
      velocity (NCV) of the segment with nerve compression, and amplitude of the evoked
      compound muscle action potential (ACMAP) were measured before and immediately
      after nerve compression and two or three times per week after compression. The
      recovery rates of NCV and ACMAP of the tibial nerve treated with ultrasound of
      0.5watt/cm2 were significantly faster than those of the control nerve. There was
      no significant change in the recovery rate of DL. However, if ultrasound of
      1.0watt/cm2 was applied, the recovery rate of ACMAP of the treated nerve was
      slower than that of the control nerve. There were no significant changes in the
      recovery rates of DL and NCV. Low doses of ultrasound thermotherapy may
      facilitate recovery of compression neuropathy, but higher doses may induce an
      adverse effect.

PMID- 3377666
TI  - Factors influencing survival and need for institutionalization following stroke:
      the Framingham Study.
AB  - The distinction between factors that influence survival after stroke and those
      that increase the likelihood of institutionalization is an important health
      issue. Estimates of survival and frequency of institutionalization after stroke
      vary widely, depending on the patient population. A precise picture of
      variability of outcome from stroke may be obtained from a prospective
      epidemiologic study. This report uses the Framingham Study population sample of
      5,184 men and women, aged 30 to 62 at entry in 1948, who were free of
      cardiovascular disease. All completed strokes that occurred between 1971 and 1981
      were evaluated. Of the 213 patients with completed strokes, 154 survived more
      than 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that acute
      survival was negatively influenced by stroke type, severity of neurologic
      impairment, and age. For those who survived at least 30 days, independent living
      was determined by social factors as much as by severity of disability. Being
      married protected men but not women from institutionalization. Older women,
      married or not, with moderate to severe residual impairment and minimal
      education, were at highest risk of institutionalization. In acute stroke, medical
      factors dominated rates of survival. However, in those who survived, family and
      social factors had an equal impact in determining final outcome from stroke.

PMID- 3377667
TI  - Jebsen Hand Function Test: performance of the uninvolved hand in hemiplegia and
      of right-handed, right and left hemiplegic persons.
AB  - The Jebsen Hand Function Test was administered to 50 hemiplegic patients within
      three weeks of their admission to a rehabilitation center. Participants in the
      study demonstrated significantly slower performance on all items of the test for
      both the nonparetic and paretic hands when comparisons of scores were made with
      previously published norms. A further analysis of test results was made among all
      right-handed subjects. The left hemiplegic group performed all subtest items more
      slowly than right hemiplegic subjects with the weak hand. Performance with the
      nonparetic hand was significantly different between left and right hemiplegic
      subjects only on the writing subtest. These differences cannot be exclusively
      explained by either hand dominance or hemispheric specialization.

PMID- 3377669
TI  - Marital relationships and spinal cord injury.
AB  - A questionnaire study of 122 married individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI)
      revealed a number of differences between the marriages that took place after the
      onset of disability and those that had occurred earlier. The two groups were
      equivalent in terms of severity and duration of disability, but those married
      before SCI were older. ANCOVA was used in most analyses to control for age at the
      time of injury and at present. Those married after injury reported greater
      satisfaction with their sex lives, living arrangements, social lives, health,
      emotional adjustment, and control over their lives, and they indicated that
      loneliness was less of a problem. They were also far more likely to be working
      and to be socially active outside their homes.

PMID- 3377668
TI  - Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test: its utility in the determination of
      closed head injury in acute spinal cord injury patients.
AB  - The incidence of closed head injury (CHI) associated with acute spinal cord
      injury (SCI) has been estimated at 40% to 50%. Closed head injury can be defined
      as the presence of loss of consciousness (LOC) and/or posttraumatic amnesia
      (PTA). Consequently, one of the difficulties in establishing a diagnosis of CHI
      is determining the existence of PTA in those patients without documented LOC.
      Previous work described the inconsistent evaluation of PTA in the SCI population.
      This study was conducted to evaluate the utility of the Galveston Orientation and
      Amnesia Test (GOAT) in establishing the diagnosis of CHI in a series of acute
      traumatic SCI patients. The GOAT was administered serially for three to five days
      to 34 patients admitted to our hospital. When information derived from the GOAT
      was added to that derived from review of medical records alone, the observed
      incidence of PTA (and by implication CHI) increased significantly (McNemar
      statistic = 6.4; p = 0.01). The GOAT is a quick, simple, and reproducible
      evaluation of spheres of orientation, which is extremely helpful in diagnosis of
      PTA in this population. This instrument should be used to evaluate patients at
      high risk for head injury. Although abnormalities in the GOAT evaluation may also
      be attributable to factors other than CHI (eg, hypoxia, medication effects), such
      findings provide evidence suggestive of CHI. This will help determine which
      patients require a more detailed neuropsychologic assessment.

PMID- 3377670
TI  - Educational and behavioral strategies for improving medication compliance in
      juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Compliance with regimens for chronic conditions such as juvenile rheumatoid
      arthritis (JRA) is often poor, and the potential benefits of therapy are thus
      compromised. In this study a compliance intervention involving educational and
      behavioral strategies was shown effective in improving medication compliance for
      two of three patients with JRA. The intervention was introduced in a time-lagged
      fashion (multiple baseline design) with repeated measures of compliance. The
      strategies were less complex than other compliance interventions, such as token
      reinforcement strategies, and therefore would be more practical in pediatric
      outpatient settings.

PMID- 3377671
TI  - Patterns of referral to a university hospital consultation service: failure to
      accurately predict need for physiatric services.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of screening the
      narrative sections of the consultation request form to determine the need for
      physiatric intervention rather than PT intervention alone. We conducted a review
      of 107 requests for consultation from various acute care services at our
      hospital. After reviewing the referring physician's narrative summaries, we
      determined that 36% of 107 patients would require physiatric evaluation, and that
      the remaining patients could be "passed through" to PT for treatment. After
      evaluation of the medical records and examination of the patients, 54% of
      patients required physiatric assessment and only 45% could be "passed through" to
      PT. The hypothesis that this narrative information would be an adequate predictor
      of need for physiatric consultation was rejected at the p less than 0.005 level
      (chi 2 = 18.63; df = 1). In addition, the referring service indicated whether it
      wished PT or physiatry to evaluate the patient on the consultation form. The
      hypothesis that screening for the need for physiatric intervention by the
      indicated preference of the referral was rejected at the p less than 0.0005 level
      (chi 2 = 20.45; df = 1). We concluded that we could not reliably predict when
      patients required physiatric or only PT intervention based on the consultation
      request narrative. Ongoing physiatric involvement on a consultative basis,
      educational conferences, and other forms of education for house staff and
      attending physicians may serve to improve understanding of physiatric services
      and physiatric utilization.

PMID- 3377673
TI  - Memory training and behavioral rehabilitation of a severely head-injured adult.
AB  - Neuropsychologic and behavioral assessment data are presented for a severely head
      injured adult who participated in both a memory training and a behavioral skills
      training program. The memory training was ineffective and did not appear to
      contribute to the successful community placement of this head-injured adult.
      Behavioral skills training produced improvements in adaptive functioning as
      assessed by the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS); and it is argued that psychosocial
      and not cognitive factors may be crucial to the rehabilitation of head-injured
      adults. The development and evaluation of behavioral assessment and retraining
      methods is suggested as a promising direction for future research with head
      injured adults.

PMID- 3377672
TI  - Neuropsychiatric assessment of a spinal cord injury patient with sudden recovery.
AB  - Reported here is the case of a 23-year-old man who, presenting as a spinal cord
      injury patient with paraplegic and bilateral sensory impairments in the legs,
      made a rather dramatic recovery after receiving a trivial jolt while moving about
      in his wheelchair. In addition to clinical findings, both hypnotic and
      somatosensory evoked potential test results were used to help determine whether
      there was or was not actual spinal cord injury and whether there was or was not a
      psychologic overlay involving either malingering or a conversion disorder. In
      this case, evidence pointed to malingering in the presence of a minor spinal cord
      injury documented by somatosensory evoked potential patterns.

PMID- 3377674
TI  - Pedal goniometer to assess ankle proprioception.
AB  - The evaluation of the patient who falls requires an assessment of proprioception.
      Proprioception is traditionally tested in the great toes. Ankle proprioception,
      which is more relevant to falling, has been poorly, if ever, tested. A pedal
      apparatus was designed to improve the clinical assessment of ankle
      proprioception.

PMID- 3377675
TI  - Rehabilitation in hip fracture.

PMID- 3377676
TI  - Recovery of motion in parkinsonism.

PMID- 3377677
TI  - AIDS and rehabilitation.

PMID- 3377678
TI  - [Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after
      administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 6. 15N incorporation into the
      contents and tissue of segments of the gastrointestinal tract and into the
      pancreas].
AB  - 12 colostomized laying hens received, together with a conventional feed ration,
      15N labelled wheat with a 15N excess (15N') of 14.37 atom-% over 4 days. 3
      animals each were butchered after 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h after the last 15N'
      application and, apart from various organs, the contents and the tissue of the
      gastro-intestinal tract of each hen was divided into 3 fractions. TCA
      precipitation was carried out with the contents and the tissue of the 3
      fractions. Nitrogen and its atom-% 15N' were determined in the supernatant and
      the precipitate. The 15N' amount in the contents of the crop and the stomachs,
      the small and large intestines is still considerable 12 h after the last 15N
      wheat feeding and still clearly detectable 108 h after it. The TCA precipitable
      amounts of 14N and 15N' of the contents of crop and stomach and that of the small
      intestine agree well; they are 75% and 50% resp. of the total N. The amount of
      atom-% 15N' of the contents of the small and large intestines remains the same up
      to 36 h after the last 15N' application and is higher at the following measuring
      points in the contents of the large intestine. A close correlation could be
      ascertained between the atom-% 15N' in the contents and tissue of the small and
      large intestines. The TCA soluble N quotas of both 14N and 15N' in the pancreas
      are higher than 50%.

PMID- 3377679
TI  - [Dynamics of amino acid and protein metabolism of laying hens after
      administration of 15N-labeled wheat protein. 7. Incorporation into the amino
      acids and peptides of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas].
AB  - In a 15N labelling experiment 12 colostomized laying hens received 15N labelled
      wheat with 14.37 atom-% 15N excess (15N') over 4 days. 3 hens each were butchered
      after 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h after the last 15N' application. The gastro
      intestinal tract was divided into 3 parts (oesophagus with crop and gizzard as
      well as glandular stomach, small intestine, large intestine). These parts and the
      pancreas were hydrolysed with 6 N HCl and the individual basic as well as the sum
      of acid and neutral amino acids were determined in the hydrolysed fractions. In
      addition, the amino acids and peptides were determined in the TCA soluble N
      fraction. The atom-% 15N' was determined in the individual amino acid and peptide
      fractions. The labelling of the basic amino acids in the individual tract
      segments was lower than in the acid and neutral amino acids. In comparison to the
      peptides, a higher atom-% 15N' could be determined in the free amino acids.

PMID- 3377680
TI  - Isolation and identification of metabolites of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate in
      rats.
AB  - The metabolic fate of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) was studied in male
      rats. Orally administered 14C-EHDPP was rapidly absorbed and about 80% of the
      radioactivity was excreted in the urine and feces in the first 24 h. By 7 days,
      48% and 52% of the radioactivity was recovered in urine and feces, respectively.
      Since biliary excretion was low (6% for 2 days), urine seems to be the major
      excretion route of EHDPP. Radioactivity was widely distributed in all tissues
      examined. At 2 h, the concentration was relatively high in blood, liver kidney
      and adipose tissue. The elimination of radioactivity from adipose tissue and
      liver was somewhat delayed, but almost all the radioactivity was eliminated by 7
      days. The major metabolites in the urine were diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and
      phenol. p-Hydroxyphenyl phenyl phosphate (OH-DPP) and monophenyl phosphate (MPP)
      were also identified as minor metabolites.

PMID- 3377681
TI  - Glutathione S-transferase in humans: development and tissue distribution.
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase (GST) was investigated with benzo(a)pyrene-4,5-oxide
      (BPO) as substrate in tissue specimens from 26 fetal and 27 adult livers and 27
      placentas. The average (+/- SEM) of GST activity in the cytosol was 1.80 +/- 0.18
      (fetal liver), 3.05 +/- 0.30 (adult liver) and 1.18 +/- 0.07 (placenta)
      nmol/min/mg. GST was also investigated in human fetal and adult lungs, kidneys
      and gut. In these tissues the average (+/- SEM) GST activity ranged between 0.71
      +/- 0.12 (adult intestine) and 2.11 +/- 0.18 (fetal lungs) nmol/min/mg. Whereas
      in the fetal liver the conjugation of BPO was catalyzed at a rate of about two
      thirds of the adult rate, similar or higher GST activities were found in the
      fetal non-hepatic tissues as compared to the adult organs. No correlation was
      found between the activity of the GST in fetal liver and placenta and the
      gestational age (11-25 weeks). GST develops before the 11th week of gestation and
      it does not undergo changes during the mid-gestation. No correlation was found
      between GST activity in adult liver and age (32-70 years).

PMID- 3377682
TI  - The effect of chronic adriamycin treatment on heart kidney and liver tissue of
      male and female rat.
AB  - The influence of chronic adriamycin treatment on cellular defence mechanisms
      against free radicals has been determined in rats. To that end, the changes in
      vitamin E content, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and factors of the
      glutathione system were measured in heart, kidneys and liver after 24 and 52 days
      of treatment. Moreover, damage was assessed by measuring the activity of NADPH-
      and NADH-cytochrome c reductase. The results concerning the components of the
      oxidative defence systems in male rats showed reductions in the activity of
      superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal tissue and in factors of the
      glutathione system in liver tissue. In cardiac tissue an increased activity of
      catalase and elevated content of total glutathione were found. Vitamin E content
      was increased in liver and to a lesser extent, in kidneys. The activity of Se
      dependent glutathione peroxidase sharply decreased only in liver. Major
      differences between male and female rats were not observed in renal and cardiac
      tissue, as far as protective factors were concerned. However, a decrease in
      catalase activity was detectable earlier in male kidneys. The protective factors
      in liver of female rats were far less susceptible to in vivo treatment with
      adriamycin, as compared to liver of male rats. Decreased activity of the
      cytochrome reductases was found in liver of male rats. In male renal tissue only
      cytochrome c reductase activity was significantly reduced. Male cardiac tissue
      showed no signs of biochemical damage, although from histological examination in
      a parallel study [J Natl Cancer Inst 76: 299-307 (1986)] lesions were evident. In
      female rats no damage was found in liver, kidneys and heart.

PMID- 3377683
TI  - CCNU-adriamycin association induces earlier and more severe nephropathy in rats.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR) has a broad spectrum of antitumoral activity but is ineffective
      against human brain tumors. However, such tumors can be sensitive to a
      combination of adriamycin and lipophilic antineoplastic agents such as the
      nitrosoureas. CCNU, a nitrosourea, induces cholestasis in the rat and ADR is
      predominantly excreted via the biliary route. We decided to investigate the
      effect of CCNU on the nephrotic syndrome induced by ADR. Female Wistar rats were
      injected with a single dose of 10 mg/kg ADR and 24 h later were force fed 20
      mg/kg CCNU in a single dose. Animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 15, 21, 28 or 60 days
      after the injection of ADR. A high rate of fatality (60%) occurred after the 21st
      day of treatment. Biological changes (alkaline phosphatase, SGPT, bilirubin) and
      ultrastructural studies showed that CCNU and CCNU + ADR induced the same degree
      of cholestasis. With the administered dose, CCNU is not nephrotoxic, ADR induces
      a nephrotic syndrome and ADR + CCNU appeared more nephrotoxic. With ADR, visceral
      epithelial foot process fusion was seen on day 15 and tubulo-interstitial lesions
      and glomerulosclerosis on day 60. With ADR + CCNU fusion of the foot process was
      seen on day 4, glomerular vacuolation on day 8, tubulo-interstitial alterations
      on day 15 and glomerulosclerosis on day 60. For both ADR and ADR + CCNU wrinkling
      and thickening of the basement membrane of proximal tubular cells were seen on
      day 60. Lipid mesangial overload was seen with ADR and was more intense with ADR
      + CCNU on day 60. CCNU hepatoxicity modifies the excretion of ADR and the
      predominantly renal excretion of ADR seems to induce earlier renal alterations in
      ADR + CCNU-treated rats. This study supports the concept that lipid mesangial
      overload may play an important role in chronic progressive glomerulosclerosis and
      thus the ADR + CCNU combination appears to be an interesting model in which to
      study these relationships.

PMID- 3377684
TI  - Renal toxicity of the antitumor drug N2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticinium acetate in
      the Wistar rat.
AB  - Celiptium (N2-methyl-9-hydroxy-ellipticinium) is an antitumoral agent used to
      treat bone metastases from breast carcinomas. This new drug appeared to be of
      great interest because of the absence of hepato- or myelotoxicity. Three
      different investigators recently mentioned cases of celiptium-induced renal
      failure. We therefore undertook a study of renal function and morphology in
      female Wistar rats. Two single i.v. doses (10 or 20 mg/kg) were administered and
      animals were sacrificed 4, 8, 15, 28 and 60 days after injection. One group of
      rats received multiple doses, 5 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks. No mortality was
      observed. With the 10 mg/kg single dose creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urinary
      enzymes did not change, and tubular lesions were rare. With the 20 mg/kg single
      dose CCr decreased on day 4 and returned to normal on day 28. Urinary enzyme
      excretion (AAP, NAG, gamma GT) increased. Renal lesions were diffuse with tubular
      necrosis, luminal dilation and later (day 28) interstitial cellular infiltration.
      These lesions persisted on day 60 and appeared to be irreversible.
      Ultrastructural studies showed numerous large fat droplets in proximal tubular
      cells. Glycerol concentrations in renal cortex homogenates were increased while
      phospholipids are slightly decreased. With 5 mg/kg every week (multiple doses)
      Ccr decreased and tubular lesions similar to the observed with the 20 mg/kg
      single dose were seen. Thus celiptium induced dose-dependent nephrotoxicity in
      rats with prolonged tubular alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377686
TI  - Inhalation hazard test. Interlaboratory trial with OECD method 403.
AB  - Six industrial laboratories validated the Inhalation Hazard Test (OECD Method
      403) using eight volatile chemicals. The test gave similar results in all
      laboratories, despite variation in inhalation exposure systems and strain of rat
      used. Detailed atmosphere analyses are not necessary, since nominal atmosphere
      concentrations were close to the analysed values. The method gives reproducible
      results directly applicable to hazard evaluation, and is quicker and cheaper and
      uses fewer animals than the conventional LC50 test.

PMID- 3377685
TI  - Time course of blood volume change with carbon monoxide inhalation and its
      contribution to the overall cardiovascular response.
AB  - Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats inhaled 500 ppm CO continuously for 42 days in
      order to examine the blood volume response in a time course manner. Plasma volume
      as measured by Evan's blue dye dilution technique did not change significantly
      from the control value of 3.96% of body weight (BW). Total blood volume estimated
      using plasma volume and hematocrit increased steadily from 7.34% of BW to 11.69%,
      almost entirely as the result of a more than 2-fold increase in erythrocyte mass
      (3.42% increased to 7.55%). Absolute blood volume increased from 28.51 ml to
      58.26 ml; normal growth contributed to this increase, i.e. BW increased from
      350.0 g to 499.1 g. "Real hematocrit" determined by dye dilution increased from
      46.5% to 64.6%, reaching a near-equilibrium level within 15 days. Hemoglobin
      concentration increased from 13.68 g/dl to 20.07 g/dl, and erythrocyte count
      increased from 6,150,000 per cubic mm to 9,140,000 per cubic mm. Minor changes in
      erythrocyte indices (i.e. mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean
      corpuscular volume) occurred during the 42 days. Concurrently, the weight of
      right ventricle increased more than left ventricle + septum, reflecting somewhat
      greater right-sided cardiomegaly. Increases in both ventricles were correlated
      with changes in blood volume and hematocrit. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide
      activity increased 2.5 fold after 15 and 30 days of CO exposure, possibly
      reflecting increasing atrial stretch caused by increased blood volume. Like the
      polycythemic hypervolemic state of chronic hypoxic hypoxia, blood volume in CO
      hypoxia increases solely through addition of erythrocytes.

PMID- 3377687
TI  - Antidotes for zinc intoxication in mice.
AB  - Sixteen chelating agents were examined to determine their relative efficacy as
      antidotes in acute zinc acetate intoxication in mice after i.p. administration.
      For a i.p. dose of 0.49 mmol/kg (LD50) of zinc acetate, the i.p. administration
      of chelating agents at a 2:1 and 5:1 mole ratio resulted in a significant
      antidotal action for EDTA, DTPA, CDTA, D-penicillamine (D-PA), DMPS and DMSA.
      EGTA, L-cysteine, triethylentetraamine (TTHA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 4,5
      dihydroxi-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid (Tiron), sodium salicylate, glutathione,
      sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), 6-mercaptopurine and N-acetyl-D, L
      penicillamine (NAPA) were not effective for acute zinc acetate poisoning. The
      therapeutic indices and therapeutic effectiveness of the most effective chelators
      were, respectively: EDTA (5.0, 7.0), DTPA (7.3, 13.7), CDTA (8.6, 6.3), D-PA
      (4.6, 1.9), DMPS (1.3, 1.0), DMSA (3.2, 5.4). DTPA, CDTA, and EDTA appear to be
      the most effective agents of those tested in offsetting acute zinc intoxication
      in mice.

PMID- 3377688
TI  - Selenium accumulation, reproductive status, and histopathological changes in
      environmentally exposed redear sunfish.
AB  - Comparisons were made of the accumulation of selenium, histopathological damage,
      and reproductive status of redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) collected in July
      1986 from Martin Lake (a contaminated site) and Lake Tyler (a reference site).
      Hepatic concentrations of selenium were four times higher in Martin Lake sunfish
      (7.6 +/- 0.5 ppm) than in fish from the reference lake (2.1 +/- 0.2 ppm). Redears
      collected from the contaminated lake had lower condition factors than individuals
      collected from the reference site. Sunfish with elevated levels of hepatic
      selenium had substantial alterations in the liver including necrosis, cytoplasmic
      vacuolation, and Kupffer cell proliferation. The ovaries of mature fish collected
      from Martin Lake frequently had atretic follicles, abnormally shaped follicles,
      connective tissue hypertrophy, asynchronous oocyte development, and an overall
      reduction in the number of developing oocytes. These histopathological changes in
      the ovaries of Martin Lake sunfish were not accompanied by alterations in gonadal
      steroid titers in the blood. No histopathological lesions could be detected in
      the testes of Martin Lake fish. Most of the males collected from the contaminated
      site were immature and had lower circulating levels of sex steroid hormones than
      reference males. The results show that tissue burdens of selenium have declined
      by 25% since this sunfish population was sampled last in 1981. Further, the
      results of this study indicate that the overall health and reproductive status of
      selenium-contaminated fish collected from Martin Lake is still seriously
      impaired.

PMID- 3377689
TI  - [The effect of hyposensitization therapy on asthmatic children--examination by
      multiple factor analysis, type II & type III].

PMID- 3377691
TI  - [Nasal mucosa hypersensitivity and reactivity of guinea pigs exposed to sulfur
      dioxide].

PMID- 3377690
TI  - [Pharmacological evaluation of mediators released on anaphylaxis in the trachea
      and peripheral lung of guinea pigs].

PMID- 3377692
TI  - [Studies on immunoglobulin molecules bound to basophils in the late asthmatic
      response].

PMID- 3377693
TI  - [A pediatric case of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis].

PMID- 3377695
TI  - [Morphogenesis of primary biliary liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Light and electron microscopy were employed for evaluation of hepatic biopsies (9
      puncture and 3 operative) to study morphologic changes in small bile ducts and
      lobular parenchyma in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Altogether 12 female
      patients with PBC stage I and II and aged 36-59 were examined. Immune cytolysis
      of biliary epithelium indicative of delayed-type hypersensitivity is shown to
      underlie destructive cholangitis. The appearance of the canals between
      hepatocytes of the hepatic plate which connect biliary capillaries with
      perisinusoidal space evidence for impairment of hepatic lobular parenchyma.
      Cholemia and absence of hepatic cholestasis in PBS stage I may be due to bile
      capillary drainage into the hepatic sidusoids along these newly originated
      intercellular canals.

PMID- 3377694
TI  - [Campylobacter pyloridis in peptic ulcer].
AB  - To study the role of Campylobacter pyloridis (CP) in the etiology of peptic ulcer
      and chronic gastritis, biopsies were obtained from gastric and duodenal mucosa of
      54 ulcer patients and 8 healthy controls. In normal histological appearance and
      moderate gastritis without signs of exacerbation CP were not registered contrary
      to atrophic antral gastritis demonstrating CP irrespective of ulcer location. CP
      resided on the epithelium under the mucous layer between epitheliocytes.
      Contamination proved mild in 13%, moderate in 50% and profound in 80% of cases.
      CP were associated with peptic ulcer in 78% of relevant patients, with duodenal
      ulcer in 80% of those. The duodenal presentation was observed only in the regions
      of gastric metaplasia. CP did not occur in fundal mucosa, ulcer boundaries and
      intestinal metaplasia. There was no significant difference in CP amount at
      various ulcer sites. It is suggested that CP may play a role in the etiology and
      pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3377696
TI  - [Characteristics of the microstructure of biliary calculi based on data from
      scanning electron microscopy].
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study cholelithic microstructure.
      Irrespective of the chemical composition, the gall-stones demonstrated the
      presence of a cementing matrix composed of micellar-vesicular particles occurring
      either in aggregates or regularly spreading along the facets about the surface of
      crystalloid structures. There appeared to be a close relationship between the
      latter and the particles which are, viz., vesicles, responsible for the plane and
      margin epitaxy of the cryslalloid structures. Any cholesterol deposits are
      lipoprotein-like particles or their derivatives, appearing as micellar-vesicular
      particles in case of choleliths.

PMID- 3377697
TI  - [Analysis of the late outcome of chemical injuries of the stomach].
AB  - Clinical-anatomical comparisons were performed for 65 patients 1-2 days--40 years
      after chemical gastric trauma. Morphological evaluation of the biopsy, operative
      and sectional specimens provided follow-up evidence on regeneration of the
      gastric wall layers exposed to chemical agents. The recovery of the gastric
      mucosa occurred in the near 3 months after its injury largely by the lining
      epithelium producing mucus. Cicatrization of the gastric wall promoted
      progressive mucosal atrophy resulting in a year in pronounced atrophic gastritis
      persistent for decades. These findings correlated with the clinical evidence. The
      alterations observed can give rise to the onset of a malignant process in the
      stomach exposed to chemical hazard.

PMID- 3377698
TI  - [Pathohistological characteristics of vaginal candidiasis in women of
      reproductive age].
AB  - Histological changes of vaginal mucosa and portio vaginalis are described in
      women of reproductive age suffering from candidosis. The epithelial surface is
      covered with adherent masses composed of desquamated and destroyed epithelial
      cells and leukocytes impregnated with proteins and penetrated by pseudomycelium.
      The outer epithelial layers are characterized by dystrophic and necrobiotic
      changes, desquamation, formation of fissures and small cavities. Pseudomycelium
      penetrates 4 to 6 layers of the epithelium. The barrier between the invading
      pathogen and the blood vessels of the lamina propria papillae in some sites is
      only 5-6 flattened epithelial cells thick. In the basal layer, high mitotic
      activity is noted. Lamina propria contains lympho-plasmocytic infiltrates.

PMID- 3377699
TI  - [Changes in blood vessels of the cervix uteri in cervical deformities and
      hypertrophy].
AB  - Vascular morphology of cervix uteri was studied on control and operative
      specimens. Specific for the organs was the system of capacity vessels (sinusoidal
      veins) in cervix uteri mucosa and muscles. These vessels may exhibit activity
      typical for corpus cavernosum. The deformities and hypertrophy may trigger
      stromal and vascular wall sclerosis with cluster and diffuse adenomatosis which
      can be considered a morphologic cause of operative complications. Hypertrophic
      elongation of cervix uteri results in diffuse rearrangement of the arteries and
      sinusoidal veins with thickening of their walls. All these processes are
      suggested contributing to distressed vascular capacity.

PMID- 3377700
TI  - [Ocular melanoma associated with lymphocytic leukemia].
AB  - A rare combination of ocular melanoma with chronic myeloid leukemia was
      registered in a 61-year-old woman. The case history was not properly assessed in
      due time, therefore, the reason of ophthalmectomy was not identified leading to
      misdiagnosis. Neither chemotherapy nor radiation treatment was administered that
      permitted the author to establish a metachronous character of the primary
      malignancies. Melanoma was also uncommon for spindle cell components prone to
      late dissemination, specific alveoli resembling nevoid structures. There were
      metastases to the spleen.

PMID- 3377701
TI  - [Malignant epithelioid schwannoma of the kidney].
AB  - Malignant epithelioid renal schwannoma was recorded in a 16-year-old youth.
      Examined light-optically and electron-microscopically, it showed signs of
      multiprofile differentiation involving elements of a malignant schwannoma,
      neurofibroma, undifferentiated epithelioid component, photoreceptors, cells with
      neuroendocrine granules, Vater-Pacini corpuscles.

PMID- 3377702
TI  - [Adenomatosis of the proximal segment of the common hepatic duct].
AB  - A male of 52 developed fatal adenomatosis localized atypically in the proximal
      part of the common hepatic duct. The disease was attended by reactive
      papillomatosis and subsequent mechanical jaundice. The tumor occurrence may be
      attributed to a malformation of the duct wall mucous glands.

PMID- 3377703
TI  - [Idiopathic Addison's disease].
AB  - Two cases of idiopathic Addison's disease affecting heterozygous twins who died
      from addisonian crisis at the ages of 7 and 10 years, are described, including
      descriptions of histologic findings in the adrenals, thymus, hypophysis, kidneys,
      esophagus, upper respiratory tract, and other viscera. The authors believe that
      autoimmunization in children with idiopathic Addison's disease develops in the
      presence of congenitally defective immunity and propose that activation of the
      juxtaglomerular complex and hypergranulation of interstitial cells in the inner
      renal medulla may be used as morphologic criteria in the diagnosis of addisonian
      crisis.

PMID- 3377704
TI  - [Immunoblastic lymphosarcoma in chronic lympholeukemia and prolymphocytic
      lymphosarcoma (Richter's syndrome)].
AB  - Available are three cases of Richter's syndrome, i.e. immunoblastic lymphosarcoma
      with plasmocytic differentiation which developed in patients with chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia and prolymphocytic (lymphocytic) lymphosarcoma. Clinical,
      anatomical and autopsy findings are analysed. The immunoblastic lymphosarcoma is
      suggested to arise either because of transformation of the tumor prolymphocytes
      (lymphocytes) due to the disease progression or can be promoted by a second
      tumor.

PMID- 3377705
TI  - [Electron microscopic verification of adenocarcinoma of the cardioesophageal
      area].
AB  - Normal gastric and esophageal cardiac glands as well as proper esophageal glands
      were studied electron-microscopically. Cardiac gastric and esophageal glands were
      found to differ by chief cells available in the gastric glands and greater
      amounts of endocrine cells registered in the esophageal glands. The evidence can
      provide grounds for electron microscopic verification of cardioesophageal
      adenocarcinoma permitting the pathologist to rest upon the presence of cells
      resembling those of proper gastric glands and epigastric fossa. In addition, it
      can promote specification of the morphologic type of adenogenic esophageal cancer
      comprising squamous epithelial component and secretory granules typical of proper
      esophageal glands.

PMID- 3377706
TI  - [Pulmonary microcirculatory bed and alveolar tissue in the postresuscitation
      period].
AB  - Structural changes in alveolar lung tissue microcirculatory bed and circulatory
      disturbances (edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis) were studied in postresuscitation
      period after experimental clinical death following acute hemorrhage and
      mechanical asphyxia. Circulatory disturbances proved essential in the
      pathogenesis of postresuscitation respiratory insufficiency, follow a stepwise
      pattern and in early postresuscitation (up to 7 days) are pathogenetically
      associated with coagulopathic changes. There are periods of primary, marked and
      delayed disturbances, and the period of reparative changes which may cover up to
      30 days since resuscitation. It is emphasized that the pattern and the degree of
      lung tissue damage in the postresuscitation are largely determined by circulatory
      disturbances.

PMID- 3377707
TI  - [Changes in the biochemical and morphological indices of structural disturbance
      in the peri-infarct area of the myocardium as affected by opioid peptides in an
      experiment].
AB  - The effect of opiate peptides (leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin)
      as well as of enkephalin synthetic analogs (two tetrapeptides and dalargin
      hexapeptide) on the activity of blood enzymes CPK and LDG1, the scope of
      myocardial infarction and ultrastructure of periinfarction cardiomyocytes has
      been studied on 200 white outbred rats with simulated myocardial infarction. The
      endogenous opiate peptides and dalargin hexapeptide were found to significantly
      decrease CPK and LDG1 activity and to diminish the size of the infarction. The
      effect is related to the drugs influence on the survival of periinfarction
      cardiomyocytes that can be proved electron-microscopically and using colloid
      lanthanum test.

PMID- 3377708
TI  - [The trip of representatives of the journal "Arkhiv Patologii" to the East
      Germany].

PMID- 3377709
TI  - Fetal cardiac hemodynamics assessed by two-dimensional Doppler Echocardiography.

PMID- 3377710
TI  - Stimulatory action of progesterone on the synthesis of glycogen in primary cell
      culture of human endometrium.

PMID- 3377711
TI  - Bioassay of cisplatin and doxorubicin by HeLa cell clonogenic assay.

PMID- 3377712
TI  - Effects of RU 486 on the mechanical properties of rabbit fallopian tubes.

PMID- 3377713
TI  - Unengaged foetal head in Pakistani primigravida: frequency and outcome.

PMID- 3377714
TI  - Peripartum cardiomyopathy in a Malay female.

PMID- 3377715
TI  - Intravenous tocolytic therapy for long distance aeromedical transport of women in
      preterm labour in Western Australia.

PMID- 3377716
TI  - Stress urinary incontinence: a comparative study of surgical treatment by the
      Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz technique with endoscopic suspension of the bladder
      neck. Second report.

PMID- 3377717
TI  - Nasal administration of prostaglandins for uterine stimulation and induction of
      labour.

PMID- 3377718
TI  - Struma ovarii: a case report.

PMID- 3377719
TI  - Size-at-birth standards for a Melanesian population.

PMID- 3377720
TI  - Nuclear steroid receptors in endometrial cancers.

PMID- 3377721
TI  - The clinical usefulness of umbilical artery velocity waveforms for early
      detection of intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3377722
TI  - Dichotic performance in elderly Italians with Italian stop consonant-vowel
      stimuli.
AB  - Dichotic listening tests were carried out at various interaural onset
      asynchronies (from 0 to 500 ms) on normal-hearing young and elderly subjects
      using a free recall method. The stimuli were Italian stop consonant and vowel
      syllables computer-edited to reduce prevoicing of the consonant and vowel
      syllables from the original 100-120 ms to 30 ms. Results suggest that right-ear
      advantage is uninfluenced by age, despite a significantly lower total dichotic
      performance and abnormal lag effect in the older group.

PMID- 3377723
TI  - High-frequency audiometry: comparison of electric bone-conduction and air
      conduction thresholds.
AB  - Thresholds have been measured with two commercially available high-frequency (HF)
      audiometers providing respectively air-conduction (AC) and electric bone
      conduction (EBC) stimulation. Normative values for the latter have been obtained,
      and the reduction of HF sensitivity with both stimulus modes documented in two
      groups aged 50-59 and 70-79 years. EBC reproducibility is of the same order of
      magnitude as the AC signal through 14 kHz, while the dynamic range is limited to
      50 dB. Lateralization of the EBC signal occurs up to at least 17 kHz. The
      logarithmic conversion factor of Tonndorf and Kurman [Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Lar. 93:
      576-582, 1984] does not result in equivalent AC and EBC thresholds at all
      frequencies, but does provide similar loudness sensation increases. The 40 log
      (i) re 1 mA conversion factor must be adjusted with a frequency-dependent
      additive correction.

PMID- 3377724
TI  - Evoked otoacoustic emissions: normative data and presbycusis.
AB  - Evoked acoustic emission (EAEs) recordings hold some promise as a fast, objective
      and non-invasive audiological procedure to study the cochlea at the outer hair
      cell (OHC) level. However, accurate interpretation in the EAE response must be
      based on a knowledge of its variations with age. In order to investigate age
      related changes of EAEs, the properties of EAEs (incidence, threshold and
      spectrum) were studied in 151 ears from subjects whose age varied between 2 and
      88 years. EAEs were present in 100% of the tested subjects until the age of 60
      years. After this age, EAE incidence fell to 35%. EAE threshold did not vary
      until the age of 40 years but increased linearly after this age. Thus,
      complementary information on OHC degenerative changes in presbycusis could be
      deduced from these data.

PMID- 3377725
TI  - Auditory brainstem responses in noise-induced permanent hearing loss.
AB  - Fifty-four patients (108 ears) with presumed noise-induced hearing loss, were
      subjected to tonal and speech audiometry, impedance tests and measurements of
      auditory brainstem responses (ABR), in order to check for possible retrocochlear
      involvement. ABR data indicated that latency values of waves I, III and V, as
      well as III-I, V-III and V-I intervals fell within the normal range in all cases
      (M +/- 2 SD), even for fast repetition rates (51 stim/s). Poor waveform
      resolution of early components, particularly of wave I, was found in 12 ears
      (11.1%) and a total absence of evoked potentials not always related to the
      hearing loss, occurred in 5 ears (4.6%).

PMID- 3377726
TI  - Acoustic reflex amplitude and noise-induced hearing loss.
AB  - Acoustic reflex maximum amplitude measurements elicited both contralaterally and
      ipsilaterally were obtained from subjects with noise-induced hearing loss and
      compared with those obtained from normal-hearing subjects. The eliciting signal
      was a pure tone of 1 kHz presented for 1,000 ms. The groups were matched on age,
      sex, static immittance and ear canal volume. Acoustic reflex amplitudes were
      clearly reduced in noise-impaired subjects compared with normal-hearing subjects
      at a frequency where their hearing thresholds were normal.

PMID- 3377727
TI  - Comment on 'Relationship between head size and latency of the auditory brainstem
      response'.

PMID- 3377728
TI  - Diagnostic significance of the staggered spondaic word test and 40-Hz auditory
      event-related potentials.
AB  - This paper discusses the diagnostic value of the staggered spondaic word (SSW)
      test, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the 40-Hz auditory event-related
      potentials (40-Hz AERP). The results show that upper brainstem lesions
      consistently produce abnormal 40-Hz auditory event-related potentials (AERP) and
      acoustic neuromas consistently produce abnormal ABR. If SSW test results are
      abnormal and the 40-Hz AERP and ABR normal, a temporal lobe lesion must be
      considered. This study supports the view that the origin of the 40-Hz AERP is at
      the level of the midbrain or thalamus.

PMID- 3377729
TI  - Resolving causes of developmental continuity or "tracking." I. Longitudinal twin
      studies during growth.

PMID- 3377730
TI  - Water-maze learning in the mouse correlates with variation in hippocampal
      morphology.

PMID- 3377731
TI  - Age, incentives, and maze learning by hybrid mice.

PMID- 3377732
TI  - Differences between CBA/H and NZB mice on intermale aggression. II. Maternal
      effects.

PMID- 3377734
TI  - Partial paternal inheritance of realized fecundity in a bruchid beetle,
      Callosobruchus maculatus.

PMID- 3377733
TI  - Selective breeding of mice for differential sensitivity to diazepam.

PMID- 3377735
TI  - Genetic analysis of cercarial emergence rhythms of Schistosoma mansoni.

PMID- 3377736
TI  - Sexual isolation and courtship behavior in Drosophila simulans, D. mauritiana,
      and their interspecific hybrids.

PMID- 3377737
TI  - Covariation between intelligence and speed of cognitive processing: genetic and
      environmental influences.

PMID- 3377738
TI  - Determinants involved in the perception of the Necker cube: an application of
      catastrophe theory.
AB  - The study is concerned with evaluating interactions at the organic level within
      the visual perception subsystem of living systems. The reported work focuses on
      the identification of some of the determinants of multistable perception by
      experimentally testing a nonlinear dynamical systems (catastrophe) model of the
      Necker Cube. This technique serves as an advantage over linear threshold models
      which cannot effectively study multivalued functional relationships. It was
      proposed that manipulation of two independent control parameters (bias or
      changing shape by continuously varying perspective lines and selective stimulus
      shading) was compatible with the subjective dichotomy of bistable perception of
      the Necker cube. One hundred and twenty naive subjects, categorized by age, sex,
      and optical aids, were presented with a computer-generated sequence of 63 stimuli
      (7 shading levels X 9 perspective levels) to which they had to respond as to
      whether they saw a "hollow" or "solid" image. The work revealed that bias and
      shading exerted their effects in opposition and that each influenced the other.
      Both were decisive factors involved in the perception of the cube. These findings
      are supported by topological and psychological evidence.

PMID- 3377740
TI  - Numerical blood flow analysis: arterial bifurcation with a saccular aneurysm.
AB  - The flow pattern and the paths of fluid particles in a saccular aneurysm located
      at the bifurcation of an intracranial arterial segment are investigated with a
      numerical method. A normal physiological flow pattern was assumed as input to the
      studied segment. The theoretical study is carried out for two different Reynolds
      numbers and two different geometries of the aneurysm. The governing equations for
      incompressible Newtonian fluid flow are solved using the finite element method.
      The results show the disturbed blood flow in the pathologically altered
      bifurcation and the flow activity in the aneurysms. It is particularly important
      that blood particles can circulate in a whirl within the aneurysm for a time
      which seems long enough to permit the generation of cell aggregates or/and blood
      clots.

PMID- 3377739
TI  - Relationship of myocardial morphometry in aortic valve regurgitation to
      myocardial function and post-operative results.
AB  - In 24 patients with aortic insufficiency undergoing aortic valve replacement, a
      clinical and hemodynamic study was performed pre-operatively. Left ventricular
      biopsies were obtained perioperatively for morphometric study. No significant
      relations were found when morphometric data were compared to functional class,
      cardiothoracic radio and ECG findings. The percentage of interstitial fibrosis
      was not correlated with any of the measured hemodynamic parameters. Myocardial
      cell diameter was weakly correlated with left ventricular systolic function
      parameters. A decrease in the percentage of contractile material was strongly
      correlated with an impaired left ventricular function, assessed pre-operatively.
      During clinical follow-up, patients were divided into two groups: Group A (17
      patients) included patients who were in class I or II of NYHA after surgery.
      Group B (seven patients) included patients who died or were in functional class
      III or IV. As compared with Group A, Group B patients had a significantly lower
      ejection fraction; their myocardial cell diameter was larger and the percentage
      of myofibrils, and the content of contractile material were significantly lower.
      This suggests that, in aortic regurgitation, left ventricular dysfunction is
      correlated with contractile material loss and not with interstitial fibrosis, and
      that morphometric changes are good predictors of follow-up after surgery.

PMID- 3377742
TI  - Evaluation of left ventricular function in an experimental model of congestive
      heart failure due to combined pressure and volume overload.
AB  - During a 6 month observation period after operation, typical symptoms of
      congestive heart failure, such as cyanosis, systemic oedema, ascites and pleural
      effusion occur in the majority of rats which have a combined arteriovenous shunt
      (AV-shunt) and renal hypertension (Goldblatt II). In the present study, the left
      ventricle dilated to twice the size of that of age-matched Wistar controls.
      Developed wall stress increased significantly due to an augmented ratio of radius
      to wall thickness. Normalized stress-length (stress-midwall circumference) area
      and maximum rate of stress development (d sigma/dtmax) indicated decreased
      myocardial work and power capacity. Although the congestive symptoms can only
      partially be related to impaired cardiac function, this model may be useful for
      pathophysiological and pharmacological studies of chronic heart failure.

PMID- 3377741
TI  - Chemomechanics of altered perfusion pressure in rat hearts.
AB  - In an apex-ejecting isolated perfused working rat heart, as well as isovolumic
      preparations of rat hearts, perfusion pressure was studied independent of
      afterload. A decrease in perfusion pressure caused an immediate decrease in
      developed pressure (10s). There was a significant increase in free Pi and the
      phosphorylation potential after 20-30 min of perfusion at a reduced coronary flow
      induced by a reduction in perfusion pressure. Developed pressure decreased prior
      to the phosphorylation potential and inorganic phosphate; however, the
      phosphorylation set a limit to maximum work performance. At a perfusion pressure
      of 140 cm H2O and an afterload of 140 cm H2O, work imposed on the heart was
      maximum; there was no further increase in work.

PMID- 3377744
TI  - A new method for studying the incorporation of nonesterified fatty acids into
      cardiac lipids by using deuterium-labelled palmitate.
AB  - A new method for measuring the incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into
      myocardial lipids of working rat hearts using deuterium-labelled palmitate has
      been developed. After perfusing isolated hearts, the fatty acid composition of
      triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, cholesterol esters, and
      nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) was measured by a mass fragmentographic method.
      Hearts perfused only with 5 mM glucose and 1 mM lactate perfusion as basic
      substrates showed a significant decrease of triglyceride content, while the other
      lipids were not found to be significantly reduced. The fatty acid composition of
      all lipids were not affected. An addition of D31-palmitate complexed to albumin
      at a molar ratio of 5:1, caused a dose-dependent incorporation into triglycerides
      and diglycerides which suggested saturation kinetics. The tissue content of
      nonesterified D31-palmitate was found to be linearly related to its concentration
      in the perfusate. It may be of note that the concentration of the other NEFA was
      significantly affected neither by a fatty-acid-free perfusion nor by a perfusion
      with D31-palmitate. A significant incorporation of the supplied fatty acid into
      cholesterol esters and monoglycerides could not be detected.

PMID- 3377743
TI  - Effects of (+)-octanoylcarnitine in intact myocardium.
AB  - Fatty acid metabolites (long-chain esters of CoA and carnitine) which collect in
      ischemic myocardium can form amphiphiles capable of disrupting subcellular
      performance. It is important to document the role of these amphiphiles in intact
      tissue. D-Octanoylcarnitine was chosen because of its previously described
      effects on inhibiting palmitoylcarnitine transferase (PCT-II) in in vitro and in
      vivo liver preparations. This inhibition will shift tissue levels of CoA and
      carnitine intermediates and thus alter amphiphile levels. The compound's actions
      in cardiac muscle are unknown. Dose response curves were developed in intact
      hearts to test the influence of D-octanoylcarnitine at pharmacological
      concentrations. Measurements were obtained in working, extracorporeally perfused,
      swine hearts. Drug was administered either systemically (IV) or via direct
      intracoronary (IC) infusions into the left anterior descending coronary
      circulation. Excess fatty acids were provided to ensure adequate fatty acid
      substrate for oxidation. Coronary flow was controlled at aerobic levels. Systemic
      administration of D-octanoylcarnitine (0.8-6.8 mM) resulted in transient
      peripheral hypotension which caused correlative decreases in 14CO2 production
      from labeled palmitate. Infusion of D-octanoylcarnitine (0.5-3.9 mM) IC did not
      cause appreciable hypotension and was not associated with suppression of fatty
      acid oxidation. No build-up of carnitine esters was noted in treated hearts but
      acyl CoA levels were reduced (p less than or equal to 0.002). This latter finding
      was modestly related to increasing dose schedule of the compound in the IC group.
      The lack of suppression in fatty acid oxidation argues against significant
      inhibition of PCT II and lessens the attractiveness of using D-octanoylcarnitine
      in intact myocardium to selectively block fatty acid utilization at this locus.

PMID- 3377746
TI  - [Plasma clearance of MCT/LCT and LCT emulsions in diabetic patients].

PMID- 3377748
TI  - [Assessment of forces in vertebral arch fractures using the Harrington system].

PMID- 3377747
TI  - [The effect of free fatty acids on the leucine oxidation of human lymphocytes].

PMID- 3377745
TI  - Early changes in collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium and their influence
      on bimodal vulnerability during the first 30 min of acute coronary artery
      occlusion in dogs.
AB  - Coronary collateral blood flow and its changes during the first 30 min of acute
      coronary artery occlusion were studied in 34 anesthetized dogs to clarify its
      influence on the vulnerability of the heart in this first arrhythmic phase.
      Collateral flow was determined with 9-micron tracer microspheres (TM) injected at
      1, 10 and 30 min after acute proximal occlusion of the left circumflex (LCX, n =
      30) or left anterior descending (LAD, n = 4) coronary artery. The post-mortem
      selective retrograde coronary angiography was used to evaluate the functional
      extent of preexisting coronary collaterals. After acute LCX occlusions collateral
      flow increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 17.8 +/- 2.7 ml.(min.100 g)
      1 (mean +/- SE; n = 13) at 1 min to 29.3 +/- 5.1 ml . (min . 100 g)-1 at 30 min
      of occlusion in animals with well-formed preexisting coronary collaterals (group
      1), whereas it was very low (4.7 +/- 0.6 ml . (min . 100 g)-1; n = 13) and
      changed only slightly in dogs with poor collaterals (group 2). Most of these
      animals died by ventricular fibrillation (VF) before a second measurement could
      be carried out. In four dogs with poor collaterals but an unusually small LCX
      area (group 3), flow remained almost constant (11.0 +/- 4.7 versus 11.0 +/- 4.4
      ml . (min . 100 g)-1) during this period. Similar results were obtained in
      animals with acute LAD occlusion (group 4). Ventricular extrasystoles (VES)
      mainly developed in animals with poor collaterals and respective low and almost
      unchanging collateral flow (group 2,3,4) while none or only a few VES occurred in
      dogs in which flow initially was clearly higher and increased significantly
      (group 1). The animals of group 1, 3 and 4 all survived the first arrhythmic
      phase, whereas all the animals of group 2 died by VF, either in the arrhythmic
      subphase Ia (n = 7) or Ib (n = 6). The results of the present study show that
      only the initial magnitude of flow is decisive for the development of VES and VF
      during the first arrhythmic phase, whereas the subsequent increase in flow is of
      no importance to the bimodal vulnerability in the first arrhythmic phase
      (subphases Ia and Ib). The in vivo measured critical minimal collateral flow of
      about 5 ml . (min . 100 g)-1 corresponds well with the survival limit (border
      between collateral state III and IV) previously determined by post-mortem
      retrograde coronary angiography.

PMID- 3377749
TI  - [Determination of the activity of lysosomal enzymes in patients with idiopathic
      scoliosis].

PMID- 3377750
TI  - [Familial chronic polyarthritis and HLA antigens].

PMID- 3377751
TI  - [Scolioses in spinal tumors].

PMID- 3377752
TI  - [Supratubercular tibial osteotomy in the treatment of primary and secondary
      gonarthroses].

PMID- 3377753
TI  - A unique alpha chain in hemoglobin of "Skive" Danish Mus musculus.
AB  - The primary structures of the alpha chains in hemoglobins from three stocks of
      mice with the Hbaw2, Hbaw3, and Hbaw4 haplotypes were determined to establish
      whether the tentative alpha-chain assignments based on the results of isoelectric
      focusing patterns were correct. These Hba haplotypes were identified in
      laboratory descendants of feral mice captured in different parts of the world.
      Hemoglobin from "Centreville", Maryland, Mus musculus domesticus (Hbaw2) contains
      equal amounts of alpha chains 1 and 3. Hemoglobin from "Czech" Mus musculus
      musculus (Hbaw4) contains equal amounts of alpha chains 3 and 4. Amino acid
      analysis of the alpha-globins of "Skive" Danish Mus musculus musculus (Hbaw3)
      establishes that its hemoglobin is comprised of about one-third alpha chain 2 as
      expected plus a greater amount of a unique alpha chain that has not been
      described previously. This unique alpha chain has glycine at position 25,
      isoleucine at position 62, and serine at position 68; it is called chain 7. It
      may represent an intermediate in the evolution of genes that code for chain 2
      (which has glycine, valine, and serine at positions 25, 62, and 68, respectively)
      and chain 4 (which has valine, isoleucine, and serine at positions 25, 62, and
      62, respectively).

PMID- 3377754
TI  - Isolation and biochemical analysis of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced alcohol
      dehydrogenase null mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
AB  - Several mutants have been isolated at the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
      alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene locus using allyl alcohol selection on ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized seeds. Eleven mutants were isolated in the
      ADH1-A electrophoretic allele, and 21 in the ADH1-S allele. These null mutants
      are characterized by the absence of measurable ADH activity and genetic data
      showed that the mutations were confined to the ADH1 gene locus of Arabidopsis.
      Eleven mutants in the ADH1-A background were further characterized at the protein
      and mRNA level. These experiments revealed striking differences in the ADH
      protein and mRNA content. Some of the mutants did not synthesize any mRNA or ADH
      like protein, whereas some of them had a nearly normal level of ADH protein and
      mRNA. Others had a very low level of both protein and mRNA. ADH null mutants
      differed physiologically from the wild type by their higher sensitivity to
      anaerobic treatment in plants and significantly reduced resistance to
      acetaldehyde in suspension cultures.

PMID- 3377755
TI  - Interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase isozymes in the cherimoya (Annona
      cherimola Mill.).
AB  - Detailed interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) isozymes in seed
      plants has been restricted to only a few species. Three sets of TPI bands are
      regularly observed in the cherimoya (Annona cherimola), a primitive angiosperm.
      The slowest, set I, is expressed as one or three bands; the second-slowest set
      II, as one or two bands; and the fastest, set IV, as one or three bands. A faint
      set III, just cathodal to set IV, is detected rarely with overstaining. Set IV
      bands are expressed in macerated extracted pollen but not in pollen leachate.
      Dissociation-reassociation experiments reveal that the set II bands are
      heterodimers involving, in part, the enzymes involved in the set I bands. These
      data combined with those from full-sib progeny analysis lead us to propose a
      three-locus model to explain the TPI isozyme banding patterns in cherimoya. Sets
      I and IV consist of the allelic products of individual, single loci. Sets I and
      II occur in the cytoplasm. Set IV occurs in organelles. Set II isozymes are the
      intergenic heterodimers of the locus coding for set I and the locus coding for
      set III. Our results reported here are contrasted with the TPI isozyme patterns
      known for other vascular plants and suggest that the locus coding for set III may
      be a duplication of very ancient origin.

PMID- 3377756
TI  - Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in spinach: genetic and biochemical
      characterization.
AB  - Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) has a major chloroplastic isozyme of betaine
      aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and a minor cytosolic one. Among a diverse
      collection of spinach accessions, three electrophoretic banding patterns of
      chloroplastic BADH were found: two were single banded and one was triple banded.
      Genetic analysis of these patterns indicated that chloroplastic BADH is encoded
      by a single, nuclear gene with two alleles, designated slow (S) and fast (F), and
      that products of these alleles can hybridize to form either homodimers or a
      heterodimer. The S allele was by far the most common among the accessions
      examined. Native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      showed that the SS and FF homodimers differ in charge but not molecular weight.

PMID- 3377757
TI  - Developmental rate and viability of rainbow trout with a null allele at a lactate
      dehydrogenase locus.
AB  - We show that a previously described isozyme polymorphism in rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri) is the result of an enzymatically inactive (i.e., null) allele (n).
      Ldh3 null homozygotes (n/n) and heterozygotes (100/n) have reductions of about 20
      and 12% in total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at hatching, respectively.
      As juveniles, (100/n) fish have reductions in LDH activity of 15, 37, and 21% in
      brain, heart, and white muscle, respectively. Embryos with different Ldh3
      phenotypes from 11 families do not differ significantly in either survival or
      hatching time. However, a second measure of developmental rate, the amount of
      malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity in 33-day-old
      embryos, suggests that (100/n) embryos develop more slowly than (100/100)
      embryos. In three of four families examined, (100/n) embryos have significantly
      lower amounts of total MDH activity (8-10%). In one of these, (100/n) embryos
      also have significantly lower total PGM activity (15%). These data suggest that
      the reduction in total LDH activity is associated with small but detectable
      delays in developmental rate but nondetectable differences in survival to
      hatching.

PMID- 3377758
TI  - Developmental rates of heterozygous and homozygous rainbow trout reared at three
      temperatures.
AB  - The hatching distributions of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with different
      genotypes at eight loci are compared in two experiments with the same strain.
      Embryos were incubated at temperatures colder (5 and 8 degrees C) and warmer (12
      degrees C) than normally experienced by these fish (9.5 degrees C). At hatching,
      embryos were separated into five hatching groups representing the chronological
      order of hatching. There is no significant correlation between multilocus
      heterozygosity and hatching time at any temperature in either experiment. Fish in
      the middle of the hatching distribution had the highest average heterozygosity.
      In both experiments, heterozygotes at the majority of loci examined tended to
      hatch relatively later within the hatching distribution at 12 degrees C than at
      both 5 and 8 degrees C. Fish with different genotypes at Pgm2 and Ck1 showed
      significant differences in hatching time that were consistent between
      experiments. Ck1 heterozygotes hatched sooner than homozygotes at 8 degrees C but
      later at 12 degrees C. Pgm2 heterozygotes hatched later than homozygotes at all
      temperatures and significantly later in four of five cases. At the other loci
      examined, however, the relative hatching distributions of fish with particular
      genotypes were not significantly different or repeatable between experiments.

PMID- 3377759
TI  - Temperature-dependent genotypic selection and embryonic survival of rainbow
      trout.
AB  - The survival of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with different developmental
      rates and genotypes at eight polymorphic loci was compared in two experiments.
      The embryos were reared at temperatures colder (5 and 8 degrees C) and warmer (12
      degrees C) than normally experienced by the strain (9.5 degrees C). Embryo
      survival in five different hatching groups (representing the sequential order of
      hatching) was compared at 8 and 12 degrees C. Embryos in the center of the
      hatching distribution (groups 2, 3, and 4) showed a greater survival to yolk sac
      resorption than those in the extremes (groups 1 and 5). These differences are
      significant in the embryos reared at 12 degrees C in both experiments. Embryo
      survival from hatching to yolk sac resorption was poorer at 12 compared to 8
      degrees C. In the one experiment where it was examined, significantly fewer
      embryos hatched at 5 and 12 than at 8 degrees C. Significant deviations from
      genotypic expectations (based upon parental allele frequencies) were detected in
      the progeny (23 of 34 cases). In contrast, few deviations from Hardy-Weinberg
      expectations were detected (5 of 34 cases) when progeny allele frequencies are
      used. Few significant differences in genotype frequencies were detected among the
      progeny reared at the different temperatures. This suggests that nonequal
      contributions of parental gametes rather than differential selection of genotypes
      account for the deviations from expectations in the progeny.

PMID- 3377760
TI  - An improved rapid method for mitochondrial DNA isolation suitable for use in the
      study of closely related populations.

PMID- 3377761
TI  - X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Mus musculus.
AB  - A mouse with X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has
      been recovered in offspring of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea-treated male mice. The
      activity alteration was detected in blood but can also be observed in other
      tissue extracts. Hemizygous, heterozygous, and homozygous mutants have,
      respectively, about 15, 60, and 15% G6PD remaining activity in the blood as
      compared to the wild type. Erythrocyte indices did not show differences between
      mutants and wild types. The mutation does not affect the electrophoretic
      migration, the isoelectric point, or the thermal stability. Kinetic properties,
      such as the Km for glucose-6-phosphate or for NADP and the relative utilization
      of substrate analogues, showed no differences between wild types and mutants with
      the exception of the relative utilization of deamino-NADP which was significantly
      lower in mutants. This is presently the only animal model for X-linked G6PD
      deficiency in humans.

PMID- 3377763
TI  - Molecular forms of nerve growth factor in mouse submaxillary glands.
AB  - By use of immunoblot analysis, we demonstrate the presence of a nerve growth
      factor with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 53,000 in submaxillary glands of
      adult male and female mice in addition to the 13,000 form previously discovered
      in this tissue. Both the Mr 53,000 and 13,000 forms of nerve growth factor are
      present at equal concentrations in salivary glands of male mice while the Mr
      53,000 form is present at a greater concentration than the Mr 13,000 form in the
      glands of female mice. Testosterone pretreatment, however, specifically augments
      the Mr 13,000 form of nerve growth factor in the salivary glands of female mice.
      The existence of nerve growth factor with molecular weight of 53,000, which is
      higher than the molecular size predicted for the two precursor forms of nerve
      growth factor, suggest the possibility that one of the nerve growth factor
      precursors or a product derived from it may undergo post-translational
      modification in submaxillary glands of mice.

PMID- 3377762
TI  - Mapping of bovine PRGS and PAIS genes in hybrid somatic cells: syntenic
      conservation with human chromosome 21.
AB  - Somatic cell genetics coupled with enzyme electrophoresis has facilitated the
      mapping of PRGS and PAIS genes in cattle. Individual cow-hamster hybrid cell
      lines established by fusion of mutant CHO cells, ade-C and ade-G, with cattle
      leukocytes required complementing bovine genes for PRGS and PAIS, respectively,
      when propogated on selective media. Homogenates of 12 PRGS+ hybrid clones and 12
      PAIS+ hybrid clones retained the bovine electromorph of SOD1 while extensively
      segregating 14 biochemical markers of other cattle syntenic groups. Secondary
      cattle-hamster hybrid subclones which segregated bovine PRGS and PAIS in late
      passages on nonselective media concordantly segregated bovine SOD1. These data
      support a syntenic relationship among PRGS, PAIS, and SOD1 on cattle syntenic
      group U10. An interferon receptor locus, IFREC, is also syntenic with SOD1. This
      synteny represents an extensive conservation of bovine U10 and the "Down syndrome
      region" of human chromosome 21.

PMID- 3377764
TI  - Trophic effect of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on the isolated rat ileal mucosal
      cells.
AB  - The trophic effect of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on rat ileal epithelial cells was
      studied in vitro. Glucagon-(1-21)-peptide stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation
      of mucosal cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Then glucagon-related
      peptides which have common sequences with glucagon-(1-21)-peptide were also
      tested. The biological potencies to augment [3H]-thymidine uptake were closely
      related with their amino-acid residues of N-terminal region. The result suggests
      that the N-terminal amino-acid sequence of glucagon molecule plays an important
      role in intestinal cell growth.

PMID- 3377765
TI  - Activation of heparin cofactor II by heparin oligosaccharides.
AB  - Heparin was partially depolymerized with heparinase or nitrous acid. The
      resulting oligosaccharides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and
      tested for the ability to stimulate inhibition of thrombin by purified heparin
      cofactor II or antithrombin. Oligosaccharides containing greater than or equal to
      18 monosaccharide units were active with antithrombin, while larger
      oligosaccharides were required for activity with heparin cofactor II. Intact
      heparin molecules fractionated on a column of immobilized antithrombin were also
      tested for activity with both inhibitors. The relative specific activities of the
      unbound heparin molecules were 0.06 with antithrombin and 0.76 with heparin
      cofactor II in comparison to unfractionated heparin (specific activity = 1.00).
      We conclude that heparin molecules much greater than 18 monosaccharide units in
      length are required for activity with heparin cofactor II and that the high
      affinity antithrombin-binding structure of heparin is not required.

PMID- 3377766
TI  - Protein kinase C differentially inhibits muscarinic receptor operated Ca2+
      release and entry in human salivary cells.
AB  - We investigated the effects of phorbol myristate acetate on muscarinic receptor
      induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and extracellular entry in a human
      salivary duct cell line, HSG-PA. Phorbol myristate acetate (approximately 10(-7)
      M) blocked both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry induced by the muscarinic agonist
      carbachol. This blockade was the result of the activation of protein kinase C
      since 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, which lacks the ability to activate
      protein kinase C, did not inhibit Ca2+ mobilization responses to carbachol.
      Importantly, at lower phorbol myristate acetate concentrations (approximately 10(
      9) M), carbachol-induced Ca2+ release was blocked, but carbachol-induced Ca2+
      entry was maintained. These results show that carbachol-induced Ca2+ entry does
      not occur via an intracellular store and that protein kinase C plays a role in a
      feedback control mechanism for muscarinic-induced Ca2+ mobilization at different
      levels.

PMID- 3377767
TI  - Formation of homogeneous cross-linked lattices between oligomannose type
      glycopeptides and concanavalin A.
AB  - Certain oligomannose type glycopeptides have previously been shown to be bivalent
      for binding to concanavalin A, and to give quantitative precipitation profiles
      with the protein that consist of single peaks which correspond to the binding
      stoichiometry of glycopeptide to protein monomer (1:2) (Bhattacharyya, L.,
      Ceccarini, C., Lorenzoni, P., and Brewer, C.F. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1288
      1293). In the present study, equimolar mixtures of two oligomannose type
      glycopeptides, a Man-6 and a Man-9 glycopeptide, gives a quantitative
      precipitation profile which shows two protein peaks. Each glycopeptide was
      radiolabelled with 3H or 14C, and the the precipitation profiles of the
      individual glycopeptides in the mixture determined. The results show that the
      radioactivity profile of the Man-6 glycopeptide corresponds to the first protein
      peak, while the radioactivity profile of the Man-9 glycopeptide corresponds to
      the second protein peak. The results indicate that each glycopeptide forms a
      unique homogeneous cross-linked lattice with the lectin which excludes the
      lattice of the other glycopeptide.

PMID- 3377768
TI  - Kinetics of the assembly of peroxisomes after fusion of complementary cell lines
      from patients with the cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome and related
      disorders.
AB  - We have recently identified four complementation groups in fibroblasts from
      patients deficient in peroxisomes. Here we describe a kinetic analysis of the
      complementation process. The kinetics of peroxisome assembly was assessed in
      heterokaryons of complementary cell lines by measuring the rate of incorporation
      of catalase, initially present in the cytosol, into particles. In two
      combinations of cell lines assembly was rapid and insensitive to cycloheximide.
      Thus the components required for peroxisome assembly must have been present in
      the parental cell lines, at least one of which presumably contained peroxisomal
      ghosts. In three other combinations of cell lines assembly of peroxisomes was
      slow and sensitive to cycloheximide.

PMID- 3377769
TI  - Characterization of partially purified cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase from
      porcine spleen.
AB  - Biochemical properties of a cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase (CPTK-40) partially
      purified from porcine spleen were characterized and compared with p40 kinase, a
      cytosolic protein-tyrosine kinase from bovine thymus. When CPTK-40 was incubated
      with MnCl2 and (gamma-32P)ATP, only a phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of
      40 kilodalton was observed. CPTK-40 efficiently phosphorylated tubulin with the
      rate of 0.5 nmol/min/mg. Unlike p40 kinase, casein was also a substrate for CPTK
      40. Among various divalent cations tested, Co2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+ were effective
      metal ions for the enzyme activity. Ca2+ could also serve as a divalent cation
      for the activity although the rate was low. These results suggest that CPTK-40 is
      similar but not identical to p40 kinase.

PMID- 3377770
TI  - Binding site of the rat liver specific monoclonal antibody.
AB  - A rat liver-specific antigen (RLSA) lost its binding ability to the corresponding
      monoclonal antibody after treatment with N-glycanase or sialidase, which
      suggested that the specific binding site might be in a portion of the sugar chain
      containing sialic acid. The specific antigen reacted with wheat germ agglutinin,
      lentil lectin, erythroagglutinating phytohemagglutinin and Ricinus communis
      agglutinin, but not with concanavalin A or peanut agglutinin. These results
      suggest that the specific antigen has asparagine-linked complex-type sugar chains
      which might be the binding sites of the monoclonal antibody.

PMID- 3377771
TI  - Partial purification of alanine carrier from rabbit small intestine brush border
      membrane and its functional reconstitution into proteoliposomes.
AB  - An alanine transport carrier was partially purified from brush border membranes
      of rabbit small intestine. The alanine carrier activity was not solubilized with
      0.4% deoxycholate but recovered in the detergent-insoluble fraction. The
      detergent-insoluble proteins were reconstituted into proteoliposomes with soybean
      phospholipids. The reconstituted proteoliposomes were capable of uptake of
      alanine driven by an electrochemical potential of Na+. The initial rate of
      alanine uptake into the proteoliposomes was 90 pmoles/mg protein/sec, which was
      15-fold higher than that observed with the native membrane vesicles. The uptake
      of alanine was effectively suppressed by various neutral amino acids but not by
      either cationic or anionic amino acids.

PMID- 3377772
TI  - Synthesis of enzymatically active D-7,8-dihydroneopterin-3'-triphosphate.
AB  - The first chemical synthesis of D-neopterin-3'-triphosphate and D-7,8
      dihydroneopterin-3'-triphosphate is described. D-neopterin-3'-monophosphate was
      first 1'-2'-0-formylated with anhydrous formic acid, then activated with 1,1'
      carbonyldiimidazole and phosphorylated with n-tributyl-ammonium pyrophosphate.
      The yield of 3'-NTP was 24%. D-7,8-dihydroneopterin-3'-triphosphate was obtained
      by chemical (hyposulfite) or catalytic (Pd:H2) reduction of 3'-NTP. Preparations
      from both reductions were fully active in two different enzymatic systems:
      synthesis of L-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin and in the C-2'-epimerization reaction
      to L-7,8-dihydromonapterin-3'-triphosphate.

PMID- 3377773
TI  - Inhibition of prothrombin activation by factor X and factor IX Gla-peptides.
AB  - In the present study, human factor X and factor IX were each digested with
      chymotrypsin, and the Gla-peptide from each protein was purified by QAE-Sephadex
      chromatography. The effect of each Gla-peptide on the activation of human
      prothrombin by a complex of factor Xa, phospholipid, and calcium was studied
      using an amidolytic assay for generated thrombin. Prothrombin activation was half
      maximally inhibited by factor X Gla-peptide at a concentration of 0.7 microM.
      Factor IX Gla-peptide was markedly less inhibitory and inhibited this reaction
      half-maximally at a concentration of 3.7 microM. Kinetic analyses revealed that
      the factor X Gla-peptide inhibited this reaction in an apparent competitive
      manner, whereas the factor IX Gla-peptide yielded an exponential Dixon plot. Heat
      decarboxylation experiments revealed that 3-4 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues
      are critical for the expression of inhibitory activity in each peptide. These
      studies indicate that, in spite of their structural homology, the ability of each
      of these Gla-peptides to act as a prothrombinase inhibitor is markedly different.

PMID- 3377775
TI  - Induction of a 58,000 dalton protein during goldenrod gall formation.
AB  - Despite the widespread occurrence of plant-gallmaker interactions, little is
      known about the actual mechanisms of gall formation. To further characterize this
      type of parasite-host interaction, the mechanism of gall formation in Solidago
      altissima, tall goldenrod, by the larva of the tephritid fly Eurosta solidaginis
      was studied. Proteins produced by galled and ungalled tissues were examined, and
      the hyperinduction of a 58 kilodalton protein was observed in galled tissues for
      the second and third week of gall growth. The presence of this protein suggests
      that a substance secreted by the larva may function as a trans-acting gene
      regulator.

PMID- 3377774
TI  - Involvement of the conserved histidine-188 residue in the L-lactate dehydrogenase
      from Thermus caldophilus GK24 in allosteric regulation by fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate.
AB  - The conserved histidine-188 residue of the L-lactate dehydrogenase of Thermus
      caldophilus GK 24, which is allosterically activated by fructose 1,6
      bisphosphate, has been exchanged to phenylalanine by site-specific mutagenesis.
      In the mutant enzyme the strong stimulatory effect of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
      is abolished. The analysis of the pH dependence of the activity indicates that
      the positive charge of the conserved His-188 residue is important for the
      interaction of the enzyme with the allosteric effector.

PMID- 3377776
TI  - Structures and actions of Mytilus inhibitory peptides.
AB  - Two congeneric peptides that inhibit contraction of the anterior byssus retractor
      muscle of Mytilus edulis were isolated from the pedal ganglia of the mussel.
      Their structures were determined to be H-Gly-Ser-Pro-Met-Phe-Val-NH2 and H-Gly
      Ala-Pro-Met-Phe-Val-NH2. These hexapeptides also showed inhibitory action on
      contractions in several other molluscan muscles, such as the cardiac muscle of
      Meretrix lusoria and the penis retractor muscle of Achatina fulica.

PMID- 3377777
TI  - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for human liver glutamate
      dehydrogenase precursor.
AB  - Two cDNA clones (lambda GDHh1 and lambda GDHn61) for glutamate dehydrogenase
      (GDH) were isolated from a human liver cDNA library in lambda gt11. The clone,
      lambda GDHh1, was isolated from the library using a synthetic 45mer oligodeoxy
      ribonucleotide, the sequence of which was derived from the known amino acid
      sequence near the NH2-terminus of human liver GDH. Subsequently, lambda GDHn61
      was isolated from the same library using lambda GDHh1 as a probe. The inserts of
      both clones contained an overlapping cDNA sequence for human liver GDH,
      consisting of a 5'-untranslated region of 70 bp, an open reading frame of 1677
      bp, a 3'-untranslated region of 1262 bp and a 15 base poly(A) tract. The
      predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the human liver GDH precursor
      consisted of a total of 558 amino acid residues including the NH2-terminal
      presequence of 53 amino acids. The sequence deduced for the mature enzyme showed
      94% homology to the previously reported amino acid sequence of human liver GDH.

PMID- 3377778
TI  - Native fluorescence of platelets from patients with occlusive arterial disease.
AB  - Healthy platelets exhibit a fluorescence band with a peak at 475 nm if excited at
      360 nm. This peak increases first with the progression of occlusive arterial
      disease (OAD) followed by a decrease at an advanced stage. Concomitantly, a new
      fluorescence band at 445 nm will appear, which increases steadily with the
      progression of OAD. These findings can be explained by the oxidation of NADH
      (fluorescence at 475 nm) to NAD (445 nm) and support, thus, the assumption that
      oxidative processes are involved in the formation of OAD.

PMID- 3377779
TI  - The effect of structural changes in a polyamine backbone on its DNA-binding
      properties.
AB  - A novel analog of spermine, compound 1, 2, 6 bis(N-3-aminopropylmethanamine)-1
      methoxy-4-methylbenzene, has been prepared which shows DNA binding which is
      altered from spermine in its base pair selectivity. A fluorescence spectroscopic
      assay is used to compare the complexation properties of compound 1, spermine,
      spermidine, putrescine, and berenil binding to calf thymus DNA, poly d(AT), and
      poly d(GC). The results are interpreted in terms of a major groove binding motif
      and compared with literature values for DNA dissociation constants.

PMID- 3377780
TI  - Inhibition of CCl4 metabolism by oxygen varies between isoenzymes of cytochrome P
      450.
AB  - Oxygen inhibition of CCl4 metabolism by different isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450
      was assessed by studying liver microsomes isolated from control rats and rats
      treated with phenobarbital or isoniazid. Rates of CCl4 metabolism were similar
      for all microsomes under a nitrogen atmosphere. An air atmosphere inhibited
      metabolism by microsomes from control rats to 12% of the value under nitrogen and
      metabolism by microsomes from rats treated with phenobarbital to 5%. It inhibited
      metabolism by microsomes from rats treated with isoniazid only to 32%. Rats
      treated with phenobarbital, which increases hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, or
      isoniazid, which does not increase hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, both
      metabolized more CCl4 than control rats as indicated by exhalation of greater
      quantities of CCl4 metabolites and by an increase in CCl4 toxicity. These results
      indicate that some isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450 are more effective than others
      in metabolizing CCl4 when oxygen is present.

PMID- 3377781
TI  - Decreased extracellular matrix production in scurvy involves a humoral factor
      other than ascorbate.
AB  - Our recent studies suggested that decreased collagen synthesis in bone and
      cartilage of scorbutic guinea pigs was not related to ascorbate-dependent proline
      hydroxylation. The decrease paralleled scurvy-induced weight loss and reduced
      proteoglycan synthesis. Those results led us to propose that the effects of
      ascorbate deficiency on extracellular matrix synthesis were caused by changes in
      humoral factors similar to those that occur in fasting. Here we present evidence
      for this proposal. Exposure of chick embryo chondrocytes to scorbutic guinea pig
      serum, in the presence of ascorbate, led to effects on extracellular matrix
      synthesis similar to those seen in scorbutic animals. The rates of collagen and
      proteoglycan synthesis were reduced to approximately 30-50% of the levels in
      cells cultured in normal guinea pig serum plus ascorbate, but proline
      hydroxylation and procollagen secretion were unaffected. Similar results were
      obtained with serum from fasted guinea pigs supplemented in vivo with ascorbate.
      The growth rate of the chondrocytes was not significantly affected by scorbutic
      guinea pig serum.

PMID- 3377782
TI  - Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase C is modulated by long-chain acyl
      CoA.
AB  - The activity of rat brain protein kinase C, measured in the presence of
      diacylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and Ca+2, was found to be greatly increased by
      micromolar amounts of long chain acyl-CoAs, using two different assay systems
      (lipids added as sonicated dispersion or as mixed micelles with Triton X-100).
      The potentiation phenomenon required the presence of both diacylglycerol and
      phosphatidylserine; it was observed at low and saturating concentrations of these
      effectors, and it was inhibited at high, non physiological Ca+2 concentrations.
      Under similar conditions, fatty acids alone or coenzyme A were ineffective. The
      data strongly suggest that acyl-CoAs at the intracellular concentration levels,
      are important in the modulation of protein kinase C, after activation of the
      enzyme by the phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol pathway.

PMID- 3377783
TI  - Dexamethasone inhibits the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor.
AB  - Effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor
      (TNF) was examined using murine fibroblast cell line (L929 cells). DEX protected
      cells from the cytotoxic action of TNF. Protection of cytotoxic action was
      apparent when cells were pre-treated with DEX for 12h and no protection was
      observed in the presence of cycloheximide. These results suggested that de novo
      synthesis of new proteins was required for DEX-mediated protection. Moreover,
      prolonged simultaneous treatment with TNF and DEX resulted in the enhancement of
      cell growth, suggesting that TNF acted as a growth factor when cells were
      protected from the cytotoxic action of TNF. These results suggested that the
      signal transduction system for fibroblast growth enhancing and cytotoxic action
      of TNF were different from each other and that the interaction between TNF and
      glucocorticoids may play a modulating role in some inflammatory processes in
      vivo.

PMID- 3377785
TI  - KDN-glycoprotein: a novel deaminated neuraminic acid-rich glycoprotein isolated
      from vitelline envelope of rainbow trout eggs.
AB  - A new acidic glycoprotein containing deaminated neuraminic acid (KDN = 3-deoxy-D
      glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid; greater than 50%, w/w) was isolated from
      vitelline envelope of the unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
      This glycoprotein is designated as "KDN-glycoprotein" because it contains only
      KDN but no sialic acid as the acidic carbohydrate moieties. Other major
      carbohydrate components of KDN-glycoprotein were Gal and GalNAc. Thr and Ala
      accounted for 71% (mol/mol) of amino acid composition. A possible occurrence of
      KDN-KDN linkages, i.e. oligoKDN groups has been suggested in the carbohydrate
      chains presumably linked O-glycosidically to the core protein.

PMID- 3377784
TI  - Histone H4 mRNA is stored as a small cytoplasmic RNP during the G2 phase in
      Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - In Physarum polycephalum the triggering of histone H4 gene transcription occurs
      in G2 phase. The rate of synthesis of histone H4 mRNA was measured by in vivo
      pulse-labeling experiments. We show that it begins to increase in mid-G2. During
      the second part of G2 it increases approximately 20 fold over its minimum value
      and reaches a maximum at the end of G2. After entry of the cells in S, histone H4
      gene transcription rate begins to decrease and reaches a minimum value in early
      G2. The histone H4 mRNA which accumulates in G2 is not translated immediately
      into proteins but is stored in an inactive form until the beginning of the next S
      phase. Immediately after its transcription the H4 mRNA is transported to the
      cytoplasm where it is stored and stabilized as an inactive mRNP complex. This was
      shown by fractionation of cytoplasmic RNP in sucrose gradients and blot
      hybridization of subcellular fractions.

PMID- 3377786
TI  - Alkaline hydrolysis and multiple site autophosphorylation differ for two forms of
      the epidermal growth factor receptor.
AB  - Different tyrosines are autophosphorylated on the native and on the protease
      generated 150 kDa forms of the epidermal growth factor receptor. High ATP
      concentrations increase the apparent molecular weight of already phosphorylated
      native receptors but not of the 150 kDa form, indicating that only the native
      receptor has multiple autophosphorylation sites available. The non-identity of
      the tyrosine-phosphates on the native and 150 kDa receptor forms is seen in their
      response to alkaline hydrolysis (10% and 40% resistant, respectively). Since the
      liberated phosphate is peptide bound, the native receptor fails to be alkali
      resistant because of which peptide bonds are hydrolyzed.

PMID- 3377787
TI  - Reconstitution of transmembrane K+ transport with a 53 kilodalton mitochondrial
      protein.
AB  - A 53 kDa protein has been purified from a Triton X-100 extract of liver
      mitochondrial membranes, by affinity chromatography on immobilized quinine, a K+
      transport inhibitor. KCl-containing lipid vesicles reconstituted with this
      protein lose K+ to a medium low in K+ faster than vesicles lacking protein. With
      bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted in vesicles containing K+, light induces faster
      development of a pH gradient if the 53 kDa protein is included during vesicle
      preparation. This effect is like that of valinomycin, which catalyzes K+ efflux,
      dissipating the membrane potential arising from H+ entry. Evidence that vesicles
      containing the 53 kDa protein are permeable to K+, but exhibit low permeability
      to H+, indicates that this protein acts as a K+ uniporter.

PMID- 3377788
TI  - Cloning, structure and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor.
AB  - A cDNA clone has been isolated from a library prepared of mRNA of human breast
      cancer T47D cells with an oligonucleotide probe homologous to part of the region
      encoding the DNA-binding domain of steroid receptors. The clone has a size of
      1505 bp and sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1356 bp. The
      deduced amino acid sequence displays two highly conserved regions identified as
      the putative DNA-binding and hormone binding domains respectively of steroid
      receptors. Expression of this cDNA clone in COS cells produces a nuclear protein
      with all the binding characteristics of the human androgen receptor (hAR). The
      gene encoding the cDNA is assigned to the human X-chromosome. High levels of
      three hybridizing mRNA species of 11, 8.5 and 4.7 kb respectively are found in
      the human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP), which contains elevated levels of
      hAR. The present data provide evidence that we have isolated a cDNA that encodes
      a major part of the human androgen receptor.

PMID- 3377790
TI  - Nonhistone protein HMG1 removes the transcriptional block caused by left-handed Z
      form segment in a supercoiled DNA.
AB  - The effect of HMG1 on the transcriptional block caused by left-handed Z-form in a
      highly negatively supercoiled DNA was examined using a supercoiled plasmid
      containing a (CG)10 sequence downstream of promoters. The transcription by E.
      coli RNA polymerase was blocked at the boundary of alternating CG sequence in the
      Z-form. In the presence of HMG1, RNA polymerase could transcribe through the CG
      sequence resulting in the chain elongation of transcripts. The addition of HMG1
      allowed the stalled RNA polymerase at the CG block to resume transcription. These
      suggest that HMG1 may remove the Z-block by flipping it back into the B-form.

PMID- 3377789
TI  - Specific phosphorylation of the beta subunit of eIF-2 factor from brain by three
      different protein kinases.
AB  - The eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) from calf brain has been purified to
      homogeneity and free of endogenous kinase activity. Phosphorylation of eIF-2
      factor has been examined with four different protein kinases. Casein kinase II,
      calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein
      kinase from brain, phosphorylate the beta subunit of eIF-2, whilst hemin
      controlled inhibitor phosphorylate the alpha subunit of the factor. According to
      the peptide maps obtained, the phosphorylation sites of the factor by the three
      beta kinases are specific and distinct. These data suggest a different regulation
      for the beta subunit through this modification.

PMID- 3377791
TI  - Interaction of antiglucocorticoid RU 486 with rat kidney glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - [3H]RU 486 competes with dexamethasone for rat kidney glucocorticoid receptor
      (GR) occupancy in vitro, exhibiting a higher association constant for binding to
      GR than [3H] dexamethasone. Unlike [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes which
      dissociate rapidly at 37 degrees C even in the presence of molybdate, [3H]RU 486
      receptor complexes remained more stable both in the presence and in the absence
      of molybdate. Interestingly, sulfhydryl reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide,
      iodoacetamide and tosyllysyl chloromethane at 5mM concentration almost completely
      inhibited binding of [3H]dexamethasone to GR, whereas 20-30% binding to [3H]RU
      486 was inhibited by these reagents. [3H]RU 486-receptor complexes readily
      undergo temperature-dependent activation in vitro as judged by their binding to
      DNA-cellulose. We propose that changes in binding affinity, stability and
      sulfhydryl reagent sensitivity between glucocorticoid agonist and antagonist may
      be due to subtle differences in the binding of the agonist and antagonist to the
      steroid binding domain of the receptor. This may have a direct relevance to the
      antiglucocorticoid properties of RU 486.

PMID- 3377792
TI  - Inhibition of GDP beta S of agonist-activated phospholipase C in human platelets
      requires cell permeabilization.
AB  - The inhibition by guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (GDP beta S) of
      phospholipase C was compared in intact and saponin-permeabilized human platelets
      in order to assess whether effects of GDP beta S on phospholipase C activation
      unrelated to guanine nucleotide binding function were occurring. GDP beta S
      exhibited no effect on phospholipase C activity, monitored by phosphatidic acid
      formation, in intact platelets that were unstimulated or stimulated with 0.5 U/ml
      thrombin or 20 nM ONO-11113 (a stable thromboxane A2 analogue). However, GDP beta
      S did cause a marked decrease in the activity of phospholipase C in saponin
      permeabilized platelets. Thus GDP beta S is a viable tool for studying the role
      of G-proteins in transducing receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C in
      platelets.

PMID- 3377793
TI  - Characterization of a novel transformation-sensitive heat-shock protein (HSP47)
      that binds to collagen.
AB  - The synthesis of a major collagen-binding glycoprotein of molecular weight 47,000
      was previously shown to be regulated by malignant transformation as well as by
      heat shock in chick embryo fibroblasts. The 47-kDa protein purified from chick
      embryos was characterized biochemically, and was found to exist as a monomer in
      native form. Its composition was enriched in basic amino acids and glycine, with
      fewer acidic residues and virtually no cysteine. N-terminal amino acid sequencing
      covering 36 residues revealed a single, novel sequence with an internal tandem
      repeat of Asp-Lys-Ala-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ala and Asp-Arg-Ser-Thr-Thr-Leu-Ala.

PMID- 3377794
TI  - Amino acid sequence of porcine heart fumarase.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of porcine heart fumarase (EC 4.2.1.2) has been
      determined from peptides produced by cyanogen bromide, endoproteinase Arg-C, S.
      aureus V8 protease, and trypsin. The enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits
      with Mr = 50,015 and composed of 466 amino acid residues. Porcine heart fumarase
      displays 96% identity to human liver fumarase. Prediction of the secondary
      structural elements of porcine fumarase indicate that the enzyme contains a large
      amount of alpha helix with very little beta structure.

PMID- 3377795
TI  - Molecular defect in human acatalasia fibroblasts.
AB  - The human hereditary disease Acatalasia (AC) is characterized by low or no
      catalase activity in all body tissues. We have studied the molecular basis of AC.
      In order to assess their antioxidant defense status we measured the enzyme
      activities, protein levels and m-RNA concentrations of catalase, superoxide
      dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in fibroblasts from a Japanese (AC65) and a
      Swiss (AC64) patient and several normal individuals. Our results point to genetic
      heterogeneity. While strain AC64 contained normal levels of catalase mRNA and 
      protein, strain AC65 was completely devoid of both. A structural mutation in the
      catalase gene is probably responsible for the inactivation of the enzyme in AC64.
      Since AC65 contains at least a major portion of the catalase gene it may
      represent a regulatory mutation in which the gene is not transcribed.

PMID- 3377796
TI  - Evidence for ecto-protein kinase activity on the surface of human neutrophils.
AB  - Recent studies have suggested a possible role for extracellular ATP in neutrophil
      function. This report provides evidence for the existence of an ecto-protein
      kinase activity on the surface of human neutrophils capable of phosphorylating
      intrinsic cell membrane proteins as well as exogenous proteins. Addition of
      extracellular [gamma-32P]ATP to neutrophils resulted in rapid incorporation of
      32P into cellular proteins that were sensitive to trypsin. The ability of
      adherent cells to phosphorylate the exogenous substrate casein, while no protein
      kinase activity was released into the supernate, provided further evidence for a
      cell surface associated protein kinase activity.

PMID- 3377797
TI  - The effect of ethanol on phospholipid metabolism in rat pancreas.
AB  - The phospholipid effect involves agonist-induced breakdown of phosphatidyl
      inositol (or polyinositides) generating second messengers followed by increased
      incorporation of 32P during the resynthetic phase of the cycle. Ethanol, an
      aetiological factor in pancreatitis, has been shown to have various effects on
      pancreatic secretion. In this study ethanol decreased the incorporation of 32P
      into phosphatidyl inositol but had no effect on the stimulated breakdown of
      prelabelled phosphatidyl inositol. However, in addition to recycling of
      phosphatidyl inositol stimulation of pancreatic tissue results in increased
      incorporation of precursors into other phospholipids. Cholecystokinin increased
      the incorporation of both [U-14C] glucose and 32P into phosphatidyl ethanolamine
      3-fold but had no effect on 32P incorporation into phosphatidyl choline. As well
      as increased incorporation of 32P into phosphatidyl inositol (8-fold)
      cholecystokinin also increased the incorporation of [U-14C] glucose into
      phosphatidyl inositol (4-5-fold) implying significant de novo synthesis of 1,2
      diacyl glycerol in addition to the currently accepted recycling of the 1,2 diacyl
      glycerol back to phosphatidyl inositol. Ethanol caused an inhibition of 32P
      incorporation into total phospholipid of rat pancreas during basal and stimulated
      conditions. When individual phospholipids were separated ethanol was found to
      decrease the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidyl choline under basal
      conditions and into all phospholipids during cholecystokinin stimulation. With [U
      14C] glucose as the precursor, ethanol inhibited its incorporation into
      phosphatidyl choline only. Ethanol did not alter the total 32P radioactivity in
      the aqueous phase of the pancreatic extract nor the percent incorporated into
      nucleotides. This excluded decreased uptake of 32P and incorporation into
      nucleotides as a mechanism for the differential inhibition of 32P versus [U-14C]
      glucose incorporation into phospholipids other than phosphatidyl choline under
      stimulated conditions.

PMID- 3377798
TI  - Halothane: inhibition and activation of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferases.
AB  - Multiple halothane anesthesias (1.25 MAC for 1 hr on 3 alternate days) of male
      Long-Evans rats initially decreased by up to 30% and subsequently increased to up
      to 185% liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4
      dinitrobenzene, 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one and
      glutathione peroxidase activity. Halothane rapidly and reversibly activated
      hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferases and purified isoenzyme 1-2 but not
      isoenzymes 1-1 and 3-3. At high concentrations of halothane (ca. 22 mM), maximal
      activation was ca. 25%. Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and methoxyflurane, but
      not the halothane metabolite 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene, inhibited a mixture
      of liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases with time (ca. 30% inhibition/15
      min). The inhibition exhibited pseudo-first order kinetics (kobs = 0.13 min-1)
      and an I50 for halothane of greater than or equal to 15 mM. Halothane inhibited
      glutathione S-transferases 3-3, 3-4, and 4-4 by 50-60%, but did not affect
      isoenzymes 1-1 and 1-2. The ability of halothane to diminish hepatic glutathione
      S-transferase activity in vivo may in part reflect the time-dependent inhibition
      of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes containing the 3- and 4-subunits.

PMID- 3377799
TI  - The accumulation and localisation of putrescine, spermidine, spermine and
      paraquat in the rat lung. In vitro and in vivo studies.
AB  - Putrescine was accumulated into the isolated perfused rat lung by a temperature
      dependent process. The uptake obeyed saturation kinetics for which an apparent Km
      of 14 microM and Vmax of 48 nmol/g wet wt/hr was derived. After rats were dosed
      subcutaneously with [14C]putrescine, it was accumulated in the lung to
      concentrations greater than that in the plasma with the highest amount found
      between 3 and 12 hr. From 3 hr after dosing until 24 hr, there was a progressive
      increase in 14C label incorporated into spermidine, indicating that putrescine
      was converted to spermidine. Using autoradiographic techniques in lung slices the
      [3H]oligoamines were found in the alveolar epithelial type II. Clara and very
      probably the alveolar type I cells. With [3H]paraquat, the presence was detected
      only in the alveolar type II cells. Likewise, in the isolated perfused rat lung
      or following s.c. dosing of rats with [3H]putrescine the radiolabel was located
      only in the alveolar type II cell. We have suggested that the most likely
      explanation for the differences in localisation of label between in vitro and in
      vivo studies resulted from the use of [3H] label of different specific activity.
      Consequently we have concluded that the cell types with the ability of accumulate
      paraquat and oligoamines were the alveolar epithelial type I and type II cells
      and Clara cells.

PMID- 3377800
TI  - The stereospecific incorporation of fenoprofen into rat hepatocyte and adipocyte
      triacylglycerols.
AB  - The formation of triacylglycerols containing fenoprofen was studied in rat
      isolated adipocytes and hepatocytes incubated with [3H]glycerol and R or S
      fenoprofen. In both hepatocytes and adipocytes there was a high-affinity
      enzymatic process for the synthesis of triacylglycerol containing fenoprofen
      which was stereospecific for the R enantiomer. The apparent Km values for R
      fenoprofen were 1.0 microM in adipocytes and 2.8 microM in hepatocytes. These
      results are consistent with the proposed stereospecific formation of R-2
      arylpropionyl-CoA thioesters resulting in the stereospecific formation of R-tri
      acylglycerol at clinically relevant unbound fenoprofen concentrations. In
      isolated hepatocytes, but not adipocytes, a second low-affinity enzymatic process
      for the synthesis of triacylglycerol containing fenoprofen was also observed.
      However, this process (Km = 3780 microM) occurred at concentrations much higher
      than those found in man with usual doses.

PMID- 3377801
TI  - Activation of the microsomal glutathione-S-transferase and reduction of the
      glutathione dependent protection against lipid peroxidation by acrolein.
AB  - Allyl alcohol is hepatotoxic. It is generally believed that acrolein, generated
      out of allyl alcohol by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase, is responsible for this
      toxicity. The effect of acrolein in vitro and in vivo on the glutathione (GSH)
      dependent protection of liver microsomes against lipid peroxidation, and on the
      microsomal GSH-S-transferase (GSH-tr) in the rat was determined. In vitro
      incubation of liver microsomes with 5 mM acrolein for 30 sec resulted in a 2-fold
      activation of the GSH-tr. This activation probably proceeds via alkylation of the
      thiol group of the GSH-tr. In vivo administration of 1.1 mmol allyl alcohol/kg to
      rats did also result in a 2-fold stimulation of the GSH-tr activity.
      Administration of 375 mg pyrazole/kg, an inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase,
      thus reducing the acrolein formation, prevented the in vivo stimulation of GSH-tr
      by allyl alcohol. This indicates that the activation of GSH-tr in vivo by allyl
      alcohol probably also proceeds via alkylation of the thiol group of the GSH-tr by
      acrolein. GSH protects liver microsomes against lipid peroxidation, probably via
      a free radical reductase that reduces vitamin E radicals at the expense of GSH.
      Incubating liver microsomes for 30 min with 0.1 mM acrolein reduced the GSH
      dependent protection against lipid peroxidation, probably because an essential
      thiol group(s) on the free radical reductase is alkylated. In vivo administration
      of allyl alcohol did not reduce the GSH dependent protection of the microsomes.
      Probably the thiol group(s) located on the free radical reductase is less
      accessible or less reactive than the thiol group on the GSH-tr. After
      administration of allyl alcohol we found no evidence for in vivo lipid
      peroxidation. Therefore we could not evaluate the importance of the GSH dependent
      protection against lipid peroxidation in vivo.

PMID- 3377802
TI  - Effects of peptidic glycosaminoglycans complex on human chondrocytes cultivated
      in three dimensions.
AB  - Human chondrocytes from the pelvic joint were cultivated in suspension; under
      these conditions, after a few days, cells aggregated. These chondrocytes were
      morphologically differentiated (round shape, situated inside cavities and
      surrounded by a matrix synthesized during cultivation) and biosynthetically
      differentiated (synthesis of type II collagen and cartilage proteoglycans (PG)
      (Bassleer et al. In vitro 22, 115-120, 1986). In this work, we present the
      metabolic and cellular effects of a peptidic-glycosaminoglycan (P-GAG) complex
      isolated from calf cartilage and bone marrow. We analyzed the effects of P-GAG on
      DNA synthesis (appreciated by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA), on type II
      collagen and on PG synthesis analyzed by specific radioimmunoassays. According to
      its final concentration in culture medium, P-GAG was able to stimulate
      proliferation or to favor the production of specific components of cartilage
      matrix, type II collagen and PG.

PMID- 3377803
TI  - Potent inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in 3T3 fibroblasts by N-[(1,5,9)
      trimethyldecyl]-4 alpha,10-dimethyl-8-aza-trans-decal-3 beta-ol, a new 2,3
      oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor.
AB  - N-[(1,5,9)-trimethyldecyl]-4 alpha,10-dimethyl-8-aza-trans-decal-3 beta-ol, a new
      compound rationally designed to inhibit the 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (M. Taton
      et al., Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 138, 764, 1986) was studied as an
      inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Treatment of
      cells, which were grown for 2 days in a delipidated medium, resulted in a
      dramatic decrease of [14C]acetate incorporation into the C27-sterol fraction. An
      IC50 of 20 nM was calculated, which classes this drug amongst the most powerful
      cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors acting at the 2,3-oxidosqualene-lanosterol
      cyclase tested so far on mammalian cells. The inhibition of the C27-sterols
      synthesis was correlated with the accumulation of 2,3-[14C]oxidosqualene and of
      2,3:22,23-[14C]dioxidosqualene indicating that the cyclase was indeed an
      intracellular target of the drug. A minor secondary target was identified as the
      sterol-8-ene isomerase. Cells treated with the inhibitor also accumulated sterols
      more polar than cholesterol which could originate, for example, from the
      metabolization of 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene. Treatment of the cells with
      increasing concentrations of the drug resulted in a progressive reduction of the
      HMG-CoA reductase activity (up to 50% of control). The drug affected normal
      growth of the fibroblasts and growth arrest was correlated with a decrease in
      cellular cholesterol content to less than 50% of control. This work indicates
      that N-[(1,5,9)-trimethyldecyl]-4 alpha,10-dimethyl-8-aza-trans-decal-3 beta-ol
      is a potent and promising new tool in the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis
      in mammalian cells.

PMID- 3377804
TI  - A new direct radioimmunoassay of rat urinary kininogen.
AB  - A protein-binding radioimmunoassay (RIA) of rat low molecular weight (LMW)
      kininogen with the following characteristics has been developed: sensitivity, 2.5
      ng/tube; inter-assay coefficient of variation, 12.4% (N = 28); and intra-assay
      coefficient of variation, 9.4% (N = 11). The new assay correlated (r = 1) with
      the determination of kinin equivalence of kininogen after trypsinization. The
      cross-reactivity of rabbit anti-rat LMW kininogen antibody was 2.5% with bovine
      LMW kininogen, 5.8% with rat plasma high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen, and
      none with kinin. Although the antibody appears to partially recognize des-kinin
      kininogen, the low degree of cross-reactivity and the extremely low levels of
      kinin-free-kininogen allow accurate determination of total LMW kininogen in rat
      urines. The LMW kininogen formed 20% kinins with salivary kallikrein when
      compared with trypsin, suggesting that the preparation consists of both K- and T
      kininogens (K = kallikrein susceptible; T = trypsin susceptible). The newly
      developed protein-binding RIA recognizes LMW kininogen of rat urine which
      consists of both K- and T-kininogens.

PMID- 3377805
TI  - Flavonoids as inhibitors of rat liver monooxygenase activities.
AB  - Flavanone and six hydroxylated derivatives, and cianidanol and eight ethers and
      esters thereof, were investigated as inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 mediated
      reactions in rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values towards aminopyrine N
      demethylation varied over a 20-fold range and were shown to depend on the pattern
      of hydroxylation (flavanone derivatives) and on lipophilicity (cianidanol
      derivatives). In the latter case, a bilinear relationship exists, the optimal log
      P being 2.92. Using selected compounds, IC50, Km and Vmax values were determined
      for aminopyrine N-demethylation, biphenyl 4-hydroxylation, and biphenyl 2
      hydroxylation. Depending on the inhibitor and on the activity examined, non
      competitive, competitive, or mixed inhibition was seen. Interaction with
      cytochrome P-450 was also studied spectrally and was always found to result in a
      modified type II difference spectrum (ligand binding). A dual binding mode is
      postulated, involving electrostatic and lipophilic interactions.

PMID- 3377806
TI  - The mechanism of the suicidal, reductive inactivation of microsomal cytochrome P
      450 by carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - 1. Stoichiometric losses of microsomal haem and cytochrome P-450 were observed
      when carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was incubated anaerobically with rat liver
      microsomes using NADPH or sodium dithionite as a reducing agent. A rapid
      destruction of haem was also observed during the non-enzymatic reductive
      incubation of CCl4 with soluble haem preparations (methaemalbumin) in presence of
      sodium dithionite. The results indicate that haem is both the site and the target
      of the suicidal activation of CCl4 by cytochrome P-450. 2. When an additional,
      fluorimetric assay for haem determination was used, an equimolar loss of
      protoporphyrin IX fluorescence was also observed in both the enzymatic and non
      enzymatic system, indicating that the haem moiety of cytochrome P-450 has
      undergone a structural change, involving either loss or labilization of the
      porphyrin tetrapyrrolic structure. In both systems the loss of porphyrin was
      prevented by carbon monoxide (CO). 3. A dichlorocarbene-cytochrome P-450 ligand
      complex is partially responsible for the difference spectrum obtained on addition
      of CCl4 to anaerobically reduced rat liver microsomes. A molar extinction
      coefficient for this complex has been calculated. The carbene trapping agent 2,3
      dimethyl-2-butene (DMB) strongly inhibited (greater than 95%) the formation of
      this spectrum but did not modify the loss of haem in reduced CCl4-supplemented
      microsomal incubations. The results suggest that dichlorocarbene (:CCl2) is not
      significantly involved in CCl4-dependent haem destruction. 4. Pretreatment of
      rats with different microsomal enzyme inducers was responsible for similar but
      not identical patterns of :CCl2 and CO formation and haem loss during incubation
      of CCl4 with reduced microsomes. This indicates a critical role of CCl4
      metabolism in the suicidal destruction of cytochrome P-450 haem and suggests that
      the apoprotein of cytochrome P-450 is capable of modulating not only the
      metabolism of CCl4 to :CCl2 but also the hydrolysis of :CCl2 to CO. 5.
      Inactivation of cytochrome P-450 by CCl4 with reduced microsomes from Aroclor
      pretreated rats was saturable and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. This
      provides further evidence to conclude that CCl4 activation is a suicidal process
      where the reactive metabolite(s) formed bind to haem, we predict, in a one to one
      stoichiometry. 6. The partition ratio between loss of cytochrome P-450 haem and
      CCl4 metabolism by liver microsomes from Aroclor pretreated rats has been
      investigated using limiting concentrations of CCl4. It was calculated that
      approximately 26 molecules of CCl4 had to be metabolised to achieve the loss of
      one molecule of haem.

PMID- 3377807
TI  - Effects of lithium and desipramine administration on agonist-stimulated inositol
      phosphate accumulation in rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The effects of acute lithium and chronic desipramine administration on the
      inositol phosphate responses of rat cerebral cortical slices to noradrenaline,
      carbachol and 5-hydroxytryptamine, were determined. Acute injection of lithium (4
      meq/kg s.c. 24 hr before sacrifice) significantly increased the inositol-1
      phosphate response to noradrenaline, while chronic administration of desipramine
      (10 mg/kg i.p. for 3 weeks) produced a smaller increase in this parameter.
      Chronic desipramine also decreased the serotonin responses in terms of all three
      inositol phosphates measured. No potentiative or additive interactions between
      the lithium and desipramine effects were observed.

PMID- 3377808
TI  - Evaluation of pteroyl-S-alkylhomocysteine sulfoximines as inhibitors of mammalian
      folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
AB  - The similarity between the reactions catalyzed by folylpoly-gamma-glutamate
      synthetase (FPGS), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and glutamine synthetase,
      as well as the susceptibility of the latter two enzymes to inhibition by
      methionine sulfoximine, suggest that folic acid derivatives with methionine
      sulfoximine or its alkyl homologs in place of the glutamate side chain of folate
      are good candidates to act as enzyme-generated transition state analog inhibitors
      of the FPGS reaction. Thus, pteroylmethionine sulfoximine, and the homologous S
      ethyl-, S-propyl-, and S-butylhomocysteine sulfoximine derivatives were evaluated
      as inhibitors of FPGS that was partially purified from mouse liver and from mouse
      L1210 cells. The related compound, pteroyl-S-methylhomocysteine sulfone, which
      cannot undergo enzyme-mediated activation, was also investigated. Unexpectedly,
      none of these compounds showed significant inhibition of FPGS from these sources
      under a variety of conditions. These results, taken together with previously
      established structure-activity correlations, imply that a negative charge at the
      gamma-position of folate analogs may be required for initial binding to FPGS and
      thus constitutes a prerequisite for activity of potential mechanism-based
      inhibitors of this enzyme.

PMID- 3377809
TI  - The effect of ethanol on polypeptide chain initiation in reticulocyte lysates.
      Inhibition of recycling of initiation factor eIF-2.
AB  - Using the reticulocyte cell-free system, we have investigated the mechanism by
      which ethanol inhibits the initiation of protein synthesis. Ethanol inhibited the
      formation of 40S-initiation complexes, and this effect correlated well with the
      inhibition by ethanol of overall peptide-chain initiation. Ethanol was a more
      potent inhibitor of translation at 37 degrees than at 30 degrees. The inhibition
      of peptide-chain initiation and 40S-initiation complex formation in reticulocyte
      lysates under other conditions is associated with increased phosphorylation of
      the alpha-subunit of protein synthesis initiation factor-2 (eIF-2 alpha) and the
      inhibition of recycling of this factor. Recycling of eIF-2 is mediated by another
      protein factor GEF (= guanine nucleotide-exchange factor). The addition of
      ethanol to reticulocyte lysates led to increased phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha
      and to a decrease in the rate of exchange of guanine nucleotides bound to eIF-2.
      This second finding indicated that recycling of eIF-2 was impaired probably due
      to decreased availability of GEF. Using purified components it was found that
      ethanol inhibited the ability of GEF to stimulate eIF-2 and that this inhibition
      showed a similar temperature dependence to the effect of ethanol on overall
      protein synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that ethanol leads to
      inhibition of peptide-chain initiation both through increased phosphorylation of
      eIF-2 alpha and by directly inhibiting the productive interaction of eIF-2 and
      GEF.

PMID- 3377810
TI  - Characteristics of iron(III) uptake by isolated fragments of rat small intestine
      in the presence of the hydroxypyrones, maltol and ethyl maltol.
AB  - Accumulation of radioactive iron (59Fe) into isolated fragments of rat small
      intestine in the presence of two hydroxypyrones, maltol and ethyl maltol, was
      compared with that in the presence of another chelator of iron(III),
      nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). The characteristics of uptake were similar with all
      three ligands. Between 10(-6) and 10(-4) M, iron uptake showed saturable
      kinetics. The uptake was partially inhibited by metabolic inhibitors. Above 10(
      4) M a non-saturable uptake, unaffected by metabolic inhibitors became evident in
      the presence of the pyrones. The distribution of 59Fe after uptake was determined
      by gel filtration. At low iron concentrations (10(-6) M), 35-40% of absorbed iron
      was associated with proteins of molecular weights similar to those of ferritin
      and transferrin. At high concentrations (10(-3) M), the majority of 59Fe was
      found in a low molecular weight fraction. At each concentration, a small amount
      of 59Fe was bound to a membrane fraction. 5% Polyethylene glycol, which reduces
      glycocalyx viscosity enhanced uptake at low iron concentrations (10(-6) M) but
      did not affect the non-saturable diffusion seen at higher concentrations (10(-3)
      M). The iron(II) chelator, bathophenanthroline sulphonate (10(-3) M), decreased
      uptake at low iron concentrations but did not affect the non-saturable uptake. It
      is suggested that conversion of iron(III) to iron(II) may take place at the
      mucosal cell surface before uptake via the saturable system. Apparent Km values
      for iron uptake via the saturable system were higher in the presence of maltol
      and ethyl maltol than in the presence of NTA, presumably since the iron binds
      more avidly to the hydroxypyrones and so is less readily donated. Excess ligand,
      either pyrone or NTA, reduced the rate at which 59Fe was donated to the uptake
      system. The Vmax value for uptake from the pyrones was greater than from NTA. It
      is concluded that maltol, ethyl maltol and NTA can hold iron(III) in solution and
      donate it to an endogenous uptake system. But, the hydroxypyrones may be more
      suitable ligands for the oral administration of iron since, when complexed with
      iron, they lack the toxic effects associated with iron(III)-NTA and with iron(II)
      preparations.

PMID- 3377811
TI  - 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine: a nucleoside which differentiates between
      adenosine receptor types.
AB  - The activities of an endogenous nucleoside, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine
      (MTA), on adenosine sensitive sites such as adenosine A1 and A2 receptors and the
      P-site, as well as on purine nucleoside transport, have been studied. This
      nucleoside competitively antagonized the A2 receptor-mediated stimulation of
      neuroblastoma adenylate cyclase, produced a GTP-dependent and 8-p
      sulfophenyltheophylline-sensitive inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in rat
      cerebellar membranes, and decreased the spontaneous contractile activity of
      isolated segments of rabbit jejunum. MTA was neither active at the P-site nor did
      it diminish the binding of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine, a nucleoside transport
      inhibitor. We conclude that (a) MTA is an agonist at the adenosine A1 receptor
      but an antagonist at the A2 receptor, and (b) the adenosine receptor which causes
      relaxation of rabbit jejunum is not a neuroblastoma-type A2 receptor which
      activates adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 3377812
TI  - In vivo effects of beta-lactam antibiotics and heterocyclic thiol compounds on
      vitamin K-dependent carboxylation activity and blood coagulation factors in
      vitamin K-deficient rats.
AB  - The in vivo effects of heterocyclic thiol compounds, corresponding to the 3'
      position substituents of several beta-lactam antibiotics, on blood coagulation
      factors and on liver microsomal gamma-glutamylcarboxylation (gamma-carboxylation)
      activity were evaluated in rats maintained on a vitamin K-deficient diet. These
      rats, when compared to normal control animals, exhibited hypoprothrombinemic
      changes: prolongation of both prothrombin time and activated partial
      thromboplastin time, decreases in factor VII and plasma prothrombin, and
      increases in PIVKA II (descarboxyprothrombin) both in plasma and liver. They also
      displayed a marked increase in liver microsomal gamma-carboxylation activity.
      These blood coagulation variables could be altered markedly by administering
      various heterocyclic thiol compounds to the vitamin K-deficient rats, although
      these compounds did not inhibit gamma-carboxylation activity in an assay system
      using phylloquinone. A similar pattern of alteration was observed when some beta
      lactam antibiotics were administered. Increased microsomal gamma-carboxylation
      activity in antibiotic-treated vitamin K-deficient rats was normalized by the
      administration of vitamin K, concomitant with the recovery of blood coagulation
      variables to the normal range. The results indicate that antibiotic-induced
      hypoprothrombinemia in vivo is not caused by inhibition of enzymes of the gamma
      carboxylation system, such as vitamin K reductase and gamma-glutamylcarboxylase,
      but is related to the endogenous vitamin K level.

PMID- 3377813
TI  - Effect of piperonyl butoxide post-treatment on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3377814
TI  - Effects of acetaldehyde upon catalysis by human erythrocyte transketolase.

PMID- 3377815
TI  - Potentiation of quinazoline antifolate (CB3717) toxicity by dipyridamole in human
      lung carcinoma, A549, cells.
AB  - A potent quinazoline antifolate inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, CB3717,
      inhibits the growth of A549 human lung carcinoma cells: ID50 2.74 +/- 0.53
      microM. The toxic effects of thymidylate synthase inhibition may be prevented by
      salvage of exogenous thymidine. The nucleoside transport inhibitor, dipyridamole,
      at the non-toxic concentration of 1 microM, inhibited [3H]thymidine
      uptake/incorporation by more than 95% and significantly reduced the ID50 of
      CB3717 to 0.98 +/- 0.28 microM. Elimination of salvageable thymidine by the use
      of dialysed serum also enhanced CB3717 toxicity. Since dipyridamole was equally
      effective in the presence or absence of dialysed serum and was more effective
      than dialysed serum alone, inhibition of nucleoside efflux may be an important
      aspect of its potentiation. Efflux of [5-3H]deoxyuridine was inhibited by 89% and
      [3H]thymidine efflux by 61% in the presence of 1 microM dipyridamole. Inhibition
      of thymidylate synthase increases the deoxyuridine nucleotide/thymidine
      nucleotide pool ratio. Dipyridamole could exacerbate the nucleotide pool
      imbalance caused by CB3717, thereby potentiating its toxicity.

PMID- 3377816
TI  - Equilibrium binding of daunomycin and adriamycin to calf thymus DNA. Temperature
      and ionic strength dependence of thermodynamic parameters.
AB  - Absorbance and fluorescence quenching monitoring of the binding of the
      anthracyclines adriamycin (ADM) and daunomycin (DNM) to calf thymus DNA, provides
      reproducible binding data only when moderate drug/DNA molar ratios are used in
      the assays. Under these conditions, the fraction of DNA-bound drug, in
      equilibrium with free anthracycline, which can be reliably detected, ranged from
      40-60% to 80-95% of the total added drug, depending upon ionic strength and
      temperature. Use of the neighbour exclusion model adequately fits such data and
      predicts that (i) the affinity of ADM for binding to the DNA is always higher
      than that corresponding to DNM, under similar experimental conditions, (ii) the
      binding constant for both drugs exhibits a strong salt and temperature
      dependence, and (iii) the exclusion parameter, indicative of the size of the
      anthracycline binding sites on the DNA, equals 3.1 +/- 0.4 and 3.3 +/- 0.4 base
      pairs for ADM and DNM, respectively, and is independent of salt concentration.
      The salt and temperature dependence of the binding constant is used to estimate
      the thermodynamic parameters involved in the interaction of the drugs with the
      DNA. Binding of the drugs is an exothermic process and the binding free energy
      arises primarily from a large negative enthalpy which, as the entropy, strongly
      depends upon ionic strength, and is much larger than predicted by polyelectrolyte
      theory. The enthalpy and entropy changes observed, appear to compensate each
      other over the entire range of salt concentrations used, and may arise from a
      complex variety of contributions, including salt-induced changes in secondary
      structure of the DNA, as indicated by circular dichroism techniques.

PMID- 3377817
TI  - 1-Alkyl analogues of aminoglutethimide. Comparative inhibition of cholesterol
      side chain cleavage and aromatase and metabolism of the 1-propyl derivative, a
      highly selective inhibitor of aromatase.
AB  - A homologous series of 1-n-alkyl-derivatives of aminoglutethimide (AG) has been
      synthesised and tested for inhibitory activity towards the cholesterol side chain
      cleavage enzyme (desmolase) from bovine adrenals and human placental aromatase in
      an attempt to find a selective aromatase inhibitor. Activity against desmolase
      declined from an IC50 value of 30 microM for the parent drug to 220 microM for
      the n-propyl derivative but increased again thereafter. Against aromatase,
      activity was least for the methyl and ethyl derivatives and highest (IC50 = 1.6
      microM) for the hexyl and octyl analogues. The optimal ratio IC50
      (desmolase):IC50 aromatase of 44 was found for the n-propyl derivative, which was
      therefore selected for preliminary metabolism studies using rat and mouse liver
      microsomes and hepatocytes and in these species in vivo. There were parallels
      with AG, most notably in the analogous formation from the n-propyl derivative of
      an arylhydroxylamine in the mouse.

PMID- 3377818
TI  - Evaluation of tissue indicators of oxidative stress in rats treated chronically
      with adriamycin.
AB  - Rats treated chronically with the anticancer agent adriamycin to a cumulative
      dose of 21 mg/kg, which was sufficient for development of an early stage of
      cardiomyopathy, were examined for evidence of lipid peroxidation and oxidative
      stress in vivo by several methods. Fluorometric analysis of lipid extracts
      suggested that fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation reactions were elevated
      about 3-fold in kidney, 40% in heart, and 10% in liver. However, lipid
      hydroperoxides and endoperoxides were not found to any significant extent in
      heart, liver or kidney. By contrast, as previously reported, the serum of
      adriamycin-treated rats showed substantial levels of lipid peroxide compounds.
      Measurements of glutathione levels indicated increases of about 50% in kidney and
      20% in heart, and a decrease of 20% in liver, on a per gram tissue basis, after
      adriamycin treatment. Levels of protein-bound mixed disulfides were not altered
      after adriamycin treatment in heart, liver or kidney. Cardiac glutathione
      peroxidase activity was increased 30% after chronic adriamycin treatment, whereas
      glutathione reductase activity was unchanged. The results indicate that the major
      organs of rats treated chronically with adriamycin exhibit at least some
      persistent biochemical changes that are consistent with oxidative stress in vivo.
      The different types of lipid peroxidation products found in tissues as compared
      to serum may reflect, in part, the operation of membrane peroxidation repair
      processes.

PMID- 3377819
TI  - Cytotoxicity of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene in isolated
      rat hepatocytes.
AB  - The effects of the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated
      hydroxytoluene (BHT) on isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated. Both
      antioxidants were observed to be cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner at
      concentrations ranging from 100 to 750 microM. At equimolar concentrations BHT
      was more cytotoxic than BHA. Their toxicity appeared to be independent of their
      metabolism to reactive intermediates since inhibitors of cytochrome P-450
      (metyrapone, SKF 525-A and piperonyl butoxide) had no effect on the cytotoxicity
      and N-acetylcysteine was also without protective effect. In addition, deuterated
      BHT was equitoxic with BHT. Only low temperature incubation (4 degrees), which
      has previously been shown to inhibit the insertion of these compounds into
      biomembranes, was effective in inhibiting the cytotoxic effects. Using isolated
      rat liver mitochondria we observed that both BHA and BHT inhibited respiratory
      control primarily by stimulating state 4 respiration and thus acting as membrane
      uncouplers. BHA and BHT also effectively dissipated membrane potential across the
      mitochondrial membrane and caused the release of calcium and mitochondrial
      swelling. These mitochondrial effects were reflected by a rapid decrease in ATP
      levels in intact hepatocytes which preceded cell death. These results suggest
      that the observed cytotoxicity of BHA and BHT to hepatocytes is related to their
      effects on biomembranes and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

PMID- 3377820
TI  - Immunospecific targeting of liposomes to erythrocytes.
AB  - Immunoliposomes were made by covalently linking Fab' fragments (from rabbit
      antimouse erythrocyte IgG) to reverse-phase evaporation vesicles (REV) via
      maleimido-4-(p-phenylbutyrate) phosphatidylethanolamine (MPB-PE) as anchor
      molecule. These immunoliposomes were characterized in terms of size, charge,
      stability and antigen binding capacity. The effect of the liposomal Fab' density
      on the interaction with the target cell was studied. Two isolation methods were
      tested to separate free Fab' from liposomally bound Fab'. The necessity of
      deactivation of remaining reactive sites with dithiothreitol preincubation to
      increase the specificity of immunoliposome target cell interactions was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 3377821
TI  - The effect of terpenoid compounds on cytochrome P-450 levels in rat liver.
AB  - We have investigated the ability of camphor, menthol, pinene, limonene and
      myrcene to induce in rats members of a cytochrome P-450 sub-family termed PB P
      450. These proteins have recently been designated as members of the P450IIB sub
      family. None of these naturally occurring terpenoids significantly changed the
      total content of cytochromes P-450 or cytochrome b5. Radioimmunoassay results
      showed that PB P-450 was induced 6-fold by camphor and to a lesser extent by
      menthol and pinene. The induction was confirmed by Western blotting. It was shown
      by nucleic acid hybridization that induction of PB P-450 by terpenoids was
      mediated by an increase in the amount of the corresponding mRNA. Analysis of the
      denaturation of mRNA-cDNA hybrids demonstrated that the mRNA induced by the
      terpenoids was encoded by a member of the P450IIB sub-family. None of the
      terpenoids had an effect on the amount of mRNA coding for P450IA2 (a cytochrome P
      450 inducible by beta-naphthoflavone and isosafrole). The results indicate that
      cytochromes P-450 induced by a synthetic compound, phenobarbital, may have
      originally evolved in response to terpenoid compounds normally present in the
      environment.

PMID- 3377822
TI  - Kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of glutathione peroxidase activity of
      ebselen (PZ51).
AB  - The glutathione peroxidase activity of ebselen (PZ51) was studied using different
      hydroperoxidic substrates. The single progression curves obtained in the
      spectrophotometric test were processed by a computer to fit the integrated rate
      equation that describes the ping pong reaction of the Se glutathione peroxidase.
      Ebselen catalyzes the GSH peroxidase reaction with a mechanism that appears
      kinetically identical to the mechanism of the enzymes. The inactivation of the
      catalytic properties of ebselen by iodoacetate suggests that a selenol moiety is
      involved. Among the substrates tested, the best hydroperoxidic substrates are the
      hydroperoxy derivatives of phosphatidyl choline. Ebselen is active also on
      membrane hydroperoxides as does phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
      but not glutathione peroxidase.

PMID- 3377823
TI  - Improvement of postischemic rat brain energy metabolism and function by
      naftidrofuryl.

PMID- 3377824
TI  - Regional distribution of malonaldehyde in mouse brain.

PMID- 3377825
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of human intestinal glutathione S
      transferases.

PMID- 3377826
TI  - Interaction of civetone with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and
      steroidogenic enzymes.

PMID- 3377827
TI  - Effects of phorbol esters on doxorubicin transport systems.

PMID- 3377828
TI  - Activity of the anion exchange protein (band 3) of human erythrocytes as affected
      by hydroxychloroaromatic chemicals.
AB  - The membranous segment of the anion transport protein (band 3) of the human
      erythrocyte membrane has been shown [T.L. Miller and R.J. Smith, Archs Biochem.
      Biophys. 250, 128 (1986)] to be destabilized by relatively low concentrations of
      many hydroxychloroaromatic compounds (HO-Cl chi-Ar), including
      hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers (HO-Cl chi-DPE), major contaminants of technical
      grade pentachlorophenol (PCP). In the present study, HO-Cl chi-DPE also caused a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of the rate of sulfate exchange mediated by
      band 3 in human erythrocytes. The most active compound studied, 2-HO-Cl9-DPE, was
      about nine times more potent in inhibiting sulfate exchange than 2-HO-2',4,4'-Cl3
      DPE, the least active compound studied. The potency of HO-Cl chi-DPE as
      inhibitors of anion exchange generally increased with the degree of chlorination.
      The concentration-dependent decreases in the sulfate exchange rate elicited by 2
      HO-Cl9-DPE and 2-HO-2',4,4'-Cl3-DPE paralleled the effects of these compounds on
      the stability of band 3.

PMID- 3377829
TI  - Formation of quaternary amines by N-methylation of azaheterocycles with
      homogeneous amine N-methyltransferases.
AB  - Catalytic activities of two amine N-methyltransferases were documented for the
      following azaheterocycles: isomeric phenyl- and bispyridyls; 2-, 3- and 4-mono
      substituted pyridines; and a miscellaneous group of azaheterocycles that included
      mono- and diazabenzenes and mono- and diazanaphthalenes. The broad substrate
      specificities of the two amine N-methyltransferases for primary and secondary
      amines are here extended to a large number of aromatic azaheterocycles in which N
      methylation results in the formation of quaternary ammonium metabolites. Pyridine
      was the best substrate for both enzymes. Substitution in the ring at the 2
      position sterically hindered methylation of the pyridyl nitrogen; 2
      phenylpyridine and 2,2'-bispyridyl were not substrates.

PMID- 3377830
TI  - Inhibition of renal ornithine decarboxylase by aminoglycoside antibiotics in
      vitro.
AB  - The inhibition of renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by aminoglycoside
      antibiotics was characterized in the postmitochondrial fraction of a kidney
      homogenate from adult pigmented guinea pigs. Enzymatic activity was defined as
      the rate of decarboxylation of [14C]ornithine sensitive to a specific ODC
      inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). The Km for ornithine was 61 +/-
      32 microM. There were two forms of the enzyme with respect to their affinity for
      pyridoxal phosphate (PLP): (I) Km = 2.1 +/- 1.8 microM; (II) Km = 36.2 +/- 12.7
      microM. Putrescine, a known ODC inhibitor, acted competitively on the renal
      enzyme with Ki = 1.7 +/- 1.4 mM. Aminoglycoside antibiotics inhibited ODC by an
      uncompetitive mechanism with inhibitor constants of comparable magnitude:
      neomycin, Ki = 1.3 +/- 0.1 mM; gentamicin, Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.1 mM; kanamycin, Ki =
      1.9 +/- 0.2 mM; and netilmicin, Ki = 1.7 +/- 0.2 mM. Neomycin inhibited both
      forms of the enzyme (low and high affinity for PLP) uncompetitively with similar
      inhibitor constants (1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.4 mM respectively), suggesting a
      single mechanism of action. Inhibition of ODC suggests that aminoglycoside
      polyamine interactions may be an important component of the sequence of
      biochemical events associated with aminoglycoside toxicity.

PMID- 3377831
TI  - Alteration of hepatic drug metabolizing activities and contents of cytochrome P
      450 isozymes by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment.
AB  - By the treatment of newborn male rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG), microsomal
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation, propoxycoumarin O-depropylation, and testosterone
      (T) 6 beta- and 2 beta-hydroxylations in the adult rats were decreased
      significantly, while microsomal aniline and T 7 alpha-hydroxylations were
      increased. However, the treatment of newborn female rats did not significantly
      alter any of the drug-metabolizing activities examined, except that T 6 beta
      hydroxylation and androstenedione formation were slightly increased. The hepatic
      contents of male-specific cyt. P-450, P-450-male and P-4506 beta, which show high
      catalytic activities on respective T 16 alpha/2 alpha-, and T 6 beta/2 beta
      hydroxylations, decreased in MSG-treated male rats. The level of the female
      specific enzyme, P-450-female, slightly decreased in the MSG-treated female rats,
      whereas higher phenobarbital (PB)-induction of PB-inducible isozymes, P-450b and
      P-450e, was observed in MSG-treated than in control female rats. These results
      are consistent with the idea that disruption of a pulsatile secretion of growth
      hormone, which is induced by the neonatal MSG treatment, leads to changes in drug
      metabolizing activities through the alteration of the levels of sex-specific cyt.
      P-450s, but also indicate that MSG-treated rats are not an animal model
      equivalent to hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 3377832
TI  - Inhibition of flavin metabolism by adriamycin in skeletal muscle.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR), a potent antineoplastic agent, has been shown to interact with
      flavin derivatives and to compete with flavin coenzymes for their respective
      binding sites on flavin-containing enzymes. The present investigation determined
      that ADR administration inhibited flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) biosynthesis
      from riboflavin in rat skeletal muscle in a dose-related manner compared to
      results in pair-fed controls. Five groups of adult Holtzman rats of both sexes
      were given twice daily intraperitoneal injections of ADR for 3 days, representing
      cumulative doses of 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 mg/kg body weight. At the cumulative
      dose of 6 mg/kg, there was no significant effect, but at 12, 18, 24, and 30 mg/kg
      levels significant increases in [14C]FAD formation from [14C]riboflavin occurred.
      ADR-induced myopathy may be due, at least in part, to inhibition of FAD
      formation, ultimately leading to changes in energy metabolism and oxidative
      capacity.

PMID- 3377833
TI  - Human metabolism of phenothiazines to sulfoxides determined by a new high
      performance liquid chromatography--electrochemical detection method.
AB  - The metabolism of phenothiazine drugs may contribute to both their therapeutic
      and toxic actions by production of active metabolites in vivo. Idiosyncratic
      reactions or treatment failure may be a consequence of differing patterns of
      metabolism in different patients. In this report, a modification of our method
      for the detection of metabolites of phenothiazines is described, which also
      permits the simultaneous determination of sulfoxide metabolites in human plasma.
      Application of this method to human plasma identifies marked individual
      differences in patterns of phenothiazine metabolism.

PMID- 3377834
TI  - Sequence specificity of the daunomycin-DNA interaction.

PMID- 3377835
TI  - Structure of DNA damaged by UV and psoralen.

PMID- 3377836
TI  - Dark and photochemical interactions between monofunctional furocoumarins and DNA.

PMID- 3377837
TI  - Reaction of CC-1065 and select synthetic analogs with DNA.

PMID- 3377838
TI  - Mechanisms of DNA sequence selective alkylation of guanine-N7 positions by
      nitrogen mustards.

PMID- 3377839
TI  - Sequence-specific DNA binding protein(s) that bind(s) to a putative human DNA
      replication origin.

PMID- 3377840
TI  - Flow linear dichroism supports an accordion model for the salt-induced
      condensation of chromatin.
AB  - The salt-induced condensation of chromatin has been studied with flow-linear
      dichroism technique using an intercalative dye (methylene blue) to selectively
      monitor the linker orientation. At low ionic strength both linkers and
      chromatosomes (with their flat faces) are oriented preferentially parallel to the
      chromatin fibre axis. With increasing ionic strength both linkers and
      chromatosomes tilt successively towards a perpendicular orientation. Based on
      these results and structural considerations, an 'Accordion model' with a
      pentagonal nucleosomal arrangement is proposed for the salt-induced condensation
      of chromatin.

PMID- 3377841
TI  - The decondensation process of nuclear chromatin as investigated by differential
      scanning calorimetry.

PMID- 3377842
TI  - Low temperature photochemistry in the daunomycin--DNA intercalation complex.

PMID- 3377843
TI  - A conformation-specific chemical modification of nucleic acids.

PMID- 3377844
TI  - Solvation effects and the mechanism of drug-DNA binding.

PMID- 3377845
TI  - Sequence specificity in psoralen-DNA photobinding.

PMID- 3377846
TI  - Photocleavage and photofootprinting of DNA by azidoacridines.

PMID- 3377847
TI  - DNA interstrand cross-links induced by cis-dichlorodiammine platinum in ovarian
      cancer cells growing in primary culture.

PMID- 3377848
TI  - Hydration of aminoacid-DNA and protein-DNA systems.

PMID- 3377849
TI  - Interaction of the C-terminal domain of the histone H1 with DNA.

PMID- 3377850
TI  - Elasticity of DNA in nonhelical loops.

PMID- 3377851
TI  - The nature of the folding of the interphase chromatin.

PMID- 3377852
TI  - Carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic substances and nucleic acid constituents: their
      interaction mechanism by Raman, IR, and NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 3377853
TI  - Different binding modes of spermine to A-T and G-C base pairs modulate the
      bending and stiffening of the DNA double helix.

PMID- 3377854
TI  - Cationic porphyrin-DNA interactions: importance of the number and position of the
      charges.

PMID- 3377855
TI  - Intracellular drug concentration and DNA damage in human childhood leukemic cells
      exposed to doxorubicin.

PMID- 3377856
TI  - Specific interactions of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole with nucleosome.

PMID- 3377857
TI  - Sequence specificity in the interaction of daunomycin with alternating
      polydeoxynucleotides.

PMID- 3377858
TI  - Chiral discrimination between left-handed and right-handed DNA supercoils by
      actinomycin D.

PMID- 3377859
TI  - Early DNA damage induced in cells exposed to N10-propargyl 5,8-dideazafolic acid
      (CB 3717) or methotrexate.

PMID- 3377860
TI  - DNA unwinding induced by nalidixic acid binding to DNA.

PMID- 3377861
TI  - Effect of ambient levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing
      vertebrate.
AB  - Fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were exposed continuously during their 21
      day incubation period to either 50- or 60-Hz sinusoidal electric fields at an
      average intensity of 10 Vrms/m. The exposure apparatus was housed in an
      environmental room maintained at 37 degrees C and 55-60% relative humidity (RH).
      Within 1.5 days after hatching, the chickens were removed from the apparatus and
      tested. The test consisted of examining the effect of 50- or 60-Hz
      electromagnetic fields at 15.9 Vrms/m and 73 nTrms (in a local geomagnetic field
      of 38 microT, 85 degrees N) on efflux of calcium ions from the chicken brain. For
      eggs exposed to 60-Hz electric fields during incubation, the chicken brains
      demonstrated a significant response to 50-Hz fields but not to 60-Hz fields, in
      agreement with the results from commercially incubated eggs [Blackman et al.,
      1985a]. In contrast, the brains from chicks exposed during incubation to 50-Hz
      fields were not affected by either 50- or 60-Hz fields. These results demonstrate
      that exposure of a developing organism to ambient power-line-frequency electric
      fields at levels typically found inside buildings can alter the response of brain
      tissue to field-induced calcium-ion efflux. The physiological significance of
      this finding has yet to be established.

PMID- 3377862
TI  - Microwave-induced thermoelastic pressure wave propagation in the cat brain.
AB  - This paper presents direct measurements of acoustic pressure wave propagation in
      cat brains irradiated with pulsed 2.45-GHz microwaves. Short rectangular
      microwave pulses (2 microseconds, 15 kW peak power) were applied singly through a
      direct-contact applicator located at the occipital pole of a cat's head. Acoustic
      pressure waves were detected by using a small hydrophone transducer, which was
      inserted stereotaxically into the brain of an anesthetized animal through a
      matrix of holes drilled on the skull. The measurements clearly indicate that
      pulsed microwaves induce acoustic pressure waves which propagate with an acoustic
      wave velocity of 1523 m/s.

PMID- 3377863
TI  - Influence of 60-Hertz magnetic fields on leukemia.
AB  - Female DBA/2 mice at 8 weeks of age were implanted with P388 leukemia cells in
      groups of ten mice and exposed to a 60-Hz 1.4-microT, 200-microT, or 500-microT
      magnetic field 2-3 hours after the implant for 6 hours daily, 5 days/week until
      all the exposed P388-treated and nontreated mice died. Parallel exposed groups of
      non-P388-treated mice and P388-treated mice exposed at 0 microT were included for
      study. No statistically significant differences (P greater than .05) in survival,
      spleen weight, or body weight resulted between P388-treated or nontreated mice
      from exposure to the magnetic field. No effect on the incidence or progression of
      P388 leukemia was apparent.

PMID- 3377864
TI  - Effects of static magnetic fields on diffusion in solutions.
AB  - Static magnetic fields affect the diffusion of biological particles in solutions
      through the Lorentz force and Maxwell stress. These effects were analyzed
      theoretically to estimate the threshold field strength for these effects. Our
      results show that the Lorentz force suppresses the diffusion of charged particles
      such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and plasma proteins. However, the threshold is so
      high, i.e., more than 10(4) T, that the Lorentz force does not affect the ion
      diffusion at typical field strengths (a few Tesla at most). Since the threshold
      of gradient fields for producing a change in ion diffusion through the Maxwell
      stress is more than 10(5) T2/m for paramagnetic molecules (FeCl3, O2) and plasma
      proteins, their diffusion would be unaffected by typical gradient fields (100
      T2/m at most) and even by high gradient fields (less than 10(5) T2/m) used in
      magnetic separation techniques. In contrast, movement of deoxygenated
      erythrocytes and FeCl3 colloids (more than 10(3) molecules) is influenced by the
      usual gradient fields due to a volume effect.

PMID- 3377865
TI  - Influence of microwaves on the beating rate of isolated rat hearts.
AB  - Previous reports have shown that microwave exposure can decrease the beating rate
      of isolated rat hearts. These experiments were conducted at room temperature and
      with the hearts exposed to air. We observed arrhythmia frequently at room
      temperature, and the variation of heart beat was so large that it makes the
      results difficult to reproduce. Therefore, we employed a double-circulating
      system to provide perfusion through the coronary artery and around the outside of
      the heart to maintain the rat hearts at 37.7 degrees C. No arrhythmias were
      observed in our experiments, and the hearts were beating for at least 1 h. The
      effects of 16-Hz modulated 2,450-MHz pulsed microwaves (10 microseconds, 100 pps)
      on the beating rate of 50 isolated rat hearts were studied. Results showed no
      statistically significant changes of heart rate in exposed groups at SARs of 2
      and 10 W/kg compared with the control group. The effect seen at 200 W/kg was
      shown to be similar to that resulting from heating the heart.

PMID- 3377866
TI  - Modulation of tendon fibroplasia by exogenous electric currents.
AB  - A chicken tendon explant model system has been developed to investigate the
      effects of extremely-low-frequency (ELF), low-amplitude, unipolar, square wave
      pulsed electric fields on fibroplasia in vitro. An electric field parameter set
      consisting of 1-Hz, 1-ms duration pulses, with a time-averaged current density of
      7 mA/m2 (peak current density 7 A/m2) induced maximal (32%) increase in
      fibroblast proliferation in tendon explants exposed for 4 days. Exposure to the
      same field at an average current density of 1.8 mA/m2 had no effect on fibroblast
      proliferation, whereas exposure to current densities on greater than 10 mA/m2
      inhibited proliferation and relative collagen synthesis, without affecting
      noncollagen protein synthesis. Fibroplasia was significantly increased in
      explants oriented parallel to applied electric fields having current densities of
      3.5 or 7 mA/m2, but there was no detectable effect on explants oriented
      perpendicular to the same electric field. Fibroblast proliferation and relative
      collagen synthesis were inversely proportional to donor age for chickens in the 3
      to 16-week age group used in this study. For these dependent variables
      (proliferation and relative collagen synthesis), there was no interaction between
      donor age and ELF electric field exposure.

PMID- 3377867
TI  - Reduced mandibular dimensions and asymmetry in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
      Pathogenetic factors.
AB  - The pathogenesis of reduced mandibular dimensions and asymmetry was studied in
      103 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Abnormalities of the
      temporomandibular joint were intimately related to mandibular growth
      disturbances. Unilateral joint abnormality resulted in jaw asymmetry and
      underdevelopment on the affected side. Duration of disease and of corticosteroid
      therapy, age at disease onset, and age when the data were recorded were
      correlated with the size of the mandible. Our findings did not support a
      hypothesis of cervical spine involvement as an etiologic factor of reduced
      mandibular size.

PMID- 3377868
TI  - Antineurofilament antibody evaluation in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus
      erythematosus. Combination with anticardiolipin antibody assay and magnetic
      resonance imaging.
AB  - We used Western blot analysis to examine the occurrence and titer of antibody to
      cytoskeletal neurofilament protein antigens in patients with neuropsychiatric
      manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in controls. Twenty-two
      patients with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) had an increased incidence of
      antineurofilament antibody (ANFA) compared with 34 patients with SLE without
      neuropsychiatric symptoms, 78 patients with other disease processes, and 22
      healthy controls. ANFA were found to be directed against the 205,000- and 160,000
      dalton proteins of the neurofilament triplet. Patients with a diffuse NPSLE
      clinical presentation had the greatest frequency of serum ANFA (7 of 12, 58%)
      compared with all other groups examined. Magnetic resonance imaging and serum
      anticardiolipin antibody testing were also performed in selected patients with
      NPSLE. Patients with a focal clinical presentation of NPSLE, positive magnetic
      resonance imaging findings, and negative serum ANFA had significantly elevated
      levels of anticardiolipin antibody.

PMID- 3377869
TI  - Activation of rat synovium by iron.
AB  - We observed a consistent sequence of activation changes in rat knee synovia
      following a single intravenous injection of sterile ferric citrate at a dosage
      sufficient to cause a transient saturation of transferrin. The initial
      alteration, appreciated 2 hours postinjection, consisted of an expansion in the
      lumen of synovial lining and subsynovial tissue due to the hypervascularity and
      increased cellularity was noted, along with peaks in the mitotic activity of
      synovial cells (fourfold over baseline) and pinocytosis by endothelial cells.
      During the period of 8-24 hours, mature collagen appeared in the space between
      pericyte layers and between pericytes and endothelial cells, and 2-9-fold
      increases in ferritin +, W3/13+, W3/25+, Ox8+, and Ox26+ mononuclear cells
      occurred. In contrast to the action on synovial fibroblasts, iron injection did
      not affect the mitotic activity of fibroblasts within the serosa of the small
      intestine. These findings demonstrate that, under experimental conditions, iron
      can readily induce changes in the synovium that are reminiscent of early events
      occurring in response to antigen.

PMID- 3377871
TI  - High-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
      associated aplastic anemia.

PMID- 3377870
TI  - Comparison of parotid and minor salivary gland biopsy specimens in the diagnosis
      of Sjogren's syndrome.
AB  - We conducted a prospective study comparing minor salivary gland and parotid gland
      biopsy specimens obtained simultaneously from 24 patients who were undergoing
      evaluation for primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Adequate tissue for study was
      obtained with all minor salivary gland biopsies and 19 of 24 parotid gland
      biopsies. Parotid inflammation was seen in 6 of 11 patients whose minor salivary
      gland biopsy results indicated SS, but in none of 8 patients who had normal
      findings on minor salivary gland biopsy. Patients with parotid inflammation were
      older and had a higher frequency of dry eyes and mouth, abnormal results on
      Schirmer's test, serious extraglandular involvement, and serologic abnormalities.
      We conclude that parotid gland biopsy adds very little to the minor salivary
      gland biopsy in the diagnosis of primary SS, but that parotid inflammatory
      changes may reflect disease duration and/or severity.

PMID- 3377872
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient previously diagnosed as having Shulman
      disease.

PMID- 3377873
TI  - Riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
      presenting as a proximal myopathy in a young adult.

PMID- 3377874
TI  - ICD-9-CM or CPT-4.

PMID- 3377875
TI  - Voice disorders: searching for needles of wisdom in a haystack of journals.

PMID- 3377876
TI  - No more guilt trips.

PMID- 3377877
TI  - Neutral lipid transfer activities in the plasma of patients with
      abetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Plasma lipid transfer proteins stimulate transfer and molecular exchange of
      cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides between individual plasma
      lipoproteins. To assess whether transfer protein activities are influenced by the
      inherent absence of apo B-containing lipoproteins, we determined cholesteryl
      ester and triglyceride transfer activities in the plasma of patients with
      abetalipoproteinemia (ABL). Transfer activities were measured in plasma fractions
      of d greater than 1.21 g/ml in 2 patients with abetalipoproteinemia and 12 normal
      volunteers and were expressed as a percent transfer of labeled lipid from donor
      high density lipoproteins to acceptor very low density lipoproteins. Cholesteryl
      ester and triglyceride transfer activities were reduced respectively by 50% and
      66% in the plasma of patients with ABL. The addition of the plasma fraction d
      greater than 1.21 g/ml proteins from abetalipoproteinemic subjects resulted in
      progressive decreases in cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transfer activities.
      The reduced activities of these transfer proteins may reflect (at least in part)
      the presence of an inhibitor(s) which is heat-stable and trypsin-sensitive.

PMID- 3377878
TI  - The antidiabetic drug metformin decreases cholesterol metabolism in cultured
      human fibroblasts.
AB  - The effect of the hypoglycemic biguanide drug Metformin was investigated after a
      72 h pretreatment of human cultured fibroblasts. Metformin induced a moderate
      increase in low density lipoprotein binding, uptake and internalization (25%
      increase after treatment with 5 X 10(-4) M of drug). A decrease in sterol, fatty
      acid and triacyglycerol synthesis from sodium acetate was observed after
      pretreatment with the drug, with a dose-dependent effect in the range of 5 X 10(
      5) to 5 X 10(-4) M (50% reduction of sterol synthesis after treatment with
      Metformin 5 X 10(-4) M). This effect was also observed in fibroblasts from a
      patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol esterification
      studied by incorporation of radiolabeled oleic acid was reduced by Metformin (40%
      of control after treatment with Metformin 5 X 10(-4) M) whereas incorporation
      into triacylglycerols was less impaired. These effects of Metformin on
      cholesterol metabolism were observed either in the presence or in the absence of
      low density lipoproteins. Moreover, Metformin also reduced cholesterol
      esterification in J774 monocyte-macrophage cells. Metformin also induced a
      decrease of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured
      fibroblasts and a reduction of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol-O-acyltransferase
      activity in cultured fibroblasts and J774 cells.

PMID- 3377879
TI  - Vascular smooth muscle phenotype and growth behaviour can be influenced by
      macrophages in vitro.
AB  - The effect of macrophages on rabbit vascular smooth muscle phenotype and
      proliferative ability was examined using ultrastructural morphometry. The volume
      fraction of myofilaments (Vv myo) in smooth muscle cells (SMC) from 9-week-old
      rabbit aorta in vivo was 39.5 +/- 1.2%. After seeding the enzymatically isolated
      SMC at 4 X 10(5) cells/ml in primary culture, the Vv myo was 38.9 +/- 1.2% on day
      3 dropping to 29.9 +/- 2.0% by day 5. On day 6 the Vv myo was 29.2 +/- 1.8%, and
      the cells began to proliferate. Confluency was reached after less than 24 h
      proliferation and the Vv myo rose abruptly on day 7 to 36.9 +/- 1.9%. When the
      SMC were co-cultured with macrophages, the Vv myo fell to 31.2 +/- 0.9% on day 3
      and to 25.9 +/- 0.5% on day 5 at which time cells commenced proliferation.
      Confluency occurred on day 6 but the SMC Vv myo did not rise throughout the rest
      of the culture period (27.4 +/- 1.8% and 26.9 +/- 1.3% on days 7 and 9,
      respectively) and the cells, unlike the controls, continued to proliferate,
      becoming multi-layered. Early phenotypic modulation in sparsely seeded SMC (8 X
      10(4) cells/ml) co-cultured with macrophages was also found using fluorescent
      labelled antibodies to smooth muscle myosin. Measurement of proliferation by cell
      counts (and tritiated thymidine autoradiography) showed that macrophages
      stimulated SMC in primary culture to proliferate at a significantly greater rate
      than control cells grown alone in 5% whole blood serum (WBS). Proliferation of
      subcultured SMC co-cultured with macrophages was also stimulated.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3377880
TI  - Effect of endothelium on beta-VLDL metabolism by cultured smooth muscle cells of
      differing phenotype.
AB  - The effect of endothelial cells (EC) on the binding and internalisation of beta
      very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) and the subsequent accumulation of lipid
      was investigated in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) of different phenotype.
      The following combinations were examined: (i) SMC cultured and incubated with
      125I-beta-VLDL without EC: "control" cultures; (ii) SMC co-cultured with EC and
      incubated with 125I-beta-VLDL without EC: "separated" cultures; and (iii) SMC co
      cultured with EC and incubated with 125I-beta-VLDL in the presence of EC: "co
      incubated" cultures. SMC were in the contractile (CON), reversible synthetic (RS)
      or irreversible synthetic (IRS) phenotype and EC were either actively
      proliferating or confluent and quiescent. All three SMC phenotypes showed the
      greatest capacity to bind and internalise 125I-beta-VLDL with accumulation of
      lipid when "co-incubated" with confluent EC. SMC "co-incubated" with
      proliferating EC showed a lower capacity to bind and internalise the lipoprotein
      and accumulate lipid, while "control" SMC showed the lowest capacity for all
      phenotypes. IRS SMC bound more 125I-beta-VLDL than either RS or CON state
      phenotypes. In addition, IRS SMC "co-incubated" with confluent EC showed the
      greatest degree of binding, and IRS SMC incubated with EC-conditioned medium and
      EC-conditioned 125I-beta-VLDL showed a significant increase in binding above
      control (fresh medium and fresh 125I-beta-VLDL). The degree of binding 125I-beta
      VLDL to SMC was affected by the functional state of the EC. That is, SMC "co
      incubated" with confluent EC bound more lipoprotein than SMC "co-incubated" with
      the same number of proliferating EC. These results are consistent with
      observations by others who report preferential lipid accumulation in regions of
      denuded artery recently recovered by endothelium compared with regions lacking an
      endothelium. The results also indicate that the EC both modify the beta-VLDL
      particle and affect the biology of the SMC themselves.

PMID- 3377881
TI  - Relationship between sex hormones and haemostatic factors in healthy middle-aged
      men.
AB  - Associations of plasma testosterone and estradiol with some haemostatic factors
      (factor VII activity, fibrinogen, antithrombin III and alpha 2-antiplasmin) were
      cross-sectionally examined in 251 healthy, middle-aged men participating in the
      Paris Prospective Study II on risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.
      Testosterone levels were negatively correlated to factor VII activity and alpha 2
      antiplasmin, the main inhibitor of fibrinolysis. No association was found either
      between testosterone levels and both fibrinogen and antithrombin III, or between
      estradiol levels and the set of haemostatic variables. The associations between
      testosterone and both factor VIIc and alpha 2-antiplasmin were independent of HDL
      cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, alcohol, body mass index
      and blood pressure. These results suggest that low circulating testosterone
      levels might be associated with a hypercoagulability state and therefore could
      contribute to an increased risk of IHD.

PMID- 3377883
TI  - Present status of WHO's initiative, "Health for all by the year 2000".

PMID- 3377882
TI  - Phorbol esters and calcium-mobilizing hormones increase membrane-associated
      protein kinase C activity in rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Vasopressin, angiotensin II, epinephrine (alpha 1-adrenergic action) and phorbol
      12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induce increases in membrane-associated protein
      kinase C activity concomitant with decreases in the cytosolic activity. The data
      indicate that the calcium-mobilizing hormones and the active phorbol ester induce
      translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of this protein kinase. The
      protein kinase C inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine,
      blocked the translocation to the membrane of this protein kinase induced by PMA
      and vasopressin.

PMID- 3377884
TI  - Validity and reliability of an assessment guide for identifying nursing
      diagnoses.

PMID- 3377885
TI  - The effective clinical teacher: a role model.

PMID- 3377886
TI  - Community health and hospital-based nurses: differing attitudes to self-care.

PMID- 3377887
TI  - Nursing knowledge: an intriguing journey.

PMID- 3377889
TI  - Determining neurapraxia in carpal tunnel syndrome.
AB  - In the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome by nerve conduction testing it is
      desirable to produce prognostic as well as diagnostic information. The finding of
      conduction block, or neurapraxia, is regarded as evidence that treatment can
      result in prompt recovery of nerve function. A technique is presented for
      stimulating the motor branch of the median nerve in the palm in order to detect
      the degree of neurapraxia due to entrapment in the carpus. In 23 normal subjects
      the response after palmar stimulation compared to a wrist stimulation site had a
      mean increase in amplitude of 0.56 mV. Persons affected with carpal tunnel
      syndrome had a mean amplitude increase of 2.2 mV demonstrating partial conduction
      block. The difference between these two values is statistically significant (P =
      0.001). The routine use of this method is recommended both for more accurate
      diagnosis and for evaluation of the degree of neurapraxia.

PMID- 3377888
TI  - Successful prosthetic fitting of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa
      dystrophica. Case report.
AB  - A patient with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa developed a squamous
      cell carcinoma of the right foot resulting in a below the knee amputation.
      Despite the multiple real and potential skin problems of the stump, she was
      successfully fitted with a simply designed prosthesis and rehabilitated.

PMID- 3377891
TI  - Age as a factor in response to spinal cord injury.
AB  - Previous studies examining the role of age in the mediation of psychological
      response to a catastrophic injury, such as spinal cord injury, have yielded
      equivocal results. To further examine the role of age in the response to
      catastrophic injury, 53 patients with spinal cord injury were administered a
      battery of tests assessing life stress, depression and general psychological
      functioning. Two groups were derived from negative ratings of life events and
      subject's age. Younger patients, who reported higher levels of life stress, also
      reported more depressive symptomatology; younger patients with lower levels of
      life stress reported fewer depressive symptoms. Both young and old patients with
      high stress reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology. Psychological
      disturbance was greater in the high life stress group as indicated by significant
      elevations on the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist-90 and
      elevations on somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity,
      depression, anxiety and psychoticism subscales. Age effects were not found for
      the Symptom Checklist-90.

PMID- 3377890
TI  - Risk factors for early occurring pressure ulcers following spinal cord injury.
AB  - We carried out a prospective study to determine the association between
      immobilization in the immediate postinjury period and the development of pressure
      ulcers in spinal cord-injured patients following their admission to Charity
      Hospital, New Orleans. Of 39 patients consecutively admitted to the hospital, 23
      (59%) developed a grade one ulcer within 30 days, mostly in the sacral region
      (57%), the peak time of onset being day 4 postinjury (6/23 cases). In partial
      support of an earlier retrospective study (Linares HA, Mawson AR, Suarez E,
      Biundo JJ Jr: Association between pressure sores and immobilization in the
      immediate post-injury period. Orthopedics 1987;10:571-573), duration of
      unrelieved pressure prior to ward admission was significantly associated with
      ulcers developing within the first eight days of injury (P = 0.04), but not with
      ulcers developing during the entire 30-day observation period (P = 0.09). Time on
      the spinal board was also significantly associated with ulcers developing within
      8 days (P = 0.01), but not with ulcers developing within 30 days (P = 0.09). An
      unexpected finding was the significant inverse association between systolic blood
      pressure and the development of ulcers both within 8 days (P = 0.03) and within
      30 days (P = 0.02), suggesting that reduced tissue perfusion increases the spinal
      cord-injured patient's susceptibility to pressure ulcers.

PMID- 3377892
TI  - Predicting long-term outcome among post-rehabilitation stroke patients.
AB  - This paper examines correlates of long-term outcome in a sample of 89 stroke
      patients discharged from medical rehabilitation. Patients in this study were
      recruited in 1984 and followed prospectively for a 12-month period postdischarge.
      This analysis builds on previous studies which have called researchers to move
      beyond single-outcome studies which use only bivariate analysis. Multivariate
      techniques are used to evaluate the influence of a number of predictor variables
      on three measures of long-term outcome: 1) a composite variable that includes
      functional status, mortality and discharge disposition (home v nursing home); 2)
      life satisfaction; and 3) medical charges. The results show that 1) multivariate
      analyses present a different picture from that obtained when using bivariate
      analysis; and 2) the same predictor variables are not equally important in
      predicting different outcome variables. From 30-42% of the variance in the three
      dependent variables is explained by severity of illness, function at admission,
      age, wheelchair use and in- and out-of-house social supports.

PMID- 3377893
TI  - Mucoepidermoid tumors of salivary glands. A long term follow-up study.
AB  - Mucoepidermoid tumors of salivary glands are relative rare and it has often been
      difficult to correlate the pathologic features and clinical aspects. The
      literature recommends long term follow-up studies. The object of the present
      study was therefore to follow this recommendation. The clinico-pathological
      features of 39 mucoepidermoid tumors are presented. The material was retrieved
      from the files of the pathological institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, during
      the period 1941-75. All patients, 24 males, 15 females, were followed for a
      minimum of 5 years. The lesions were classified into low grade (13 cases),
      intermediate grade (14 cases) and high grade (12 cases). The corresponding 5, 10
      and 15 years cumulative survival rates were 92%, 92%, 92% for low grade, 47.4%,
      47.4%, 35.5% for intermediate grade and 0%, 0%, 0% for high grade tumors. Thus we
      found a close correlation between pathology and clinical course. Furthermore, a 5
      year observation period appeared an acceptable approach, because 17 of the 18
      patients who succumbed of the disease, did so within 4 years following surgery.
      We consider all grades of mucoepidermoid tumors to be potential malignant. In our
      study one patient with a low grade tumor died of the disease.

PMID- 3377894
TI  - Bacterial adherence to endothelial cells from rat heart, with special regard to
      alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
AB  - Endothelial cells were prepared from rat heart, and the ability of various
      bacterial species to adhere to these cells was investigated, with special regard
      to alpha-hemolytic streptococci. The endothelial cells were identified by
      morphology and by the presence of F VIII antigen. Seventeen bacterial strains
      representing various species were used in the in vitro adherence tests; 10
      strains represented various strains of alpha-hemolytic streptococci, 5 of which
      were isolated from patients with infective endocarditis and 5 from the throats of
      healthy individuals; 2 were Neisseria meningitidis, 2 N. gonorrhoeae, 2 S. aureus
      and 1 E. coli. The highest adherence rate was found for alpha-hemolytic
      streptococci isolated from patients with infective endocarditis. The difference
      compared to carrier strains of alpha-hemolytic streptococci and to the other
      tested strains was statistically highly significant.

PMID- 3377895
TI  - The implicit memory ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis.
AB  - The implicit memory ability of a patient (S.S.) with severe amnesia due to
      encephalitis was assessed using five independent paradigms: Perceptual priming
      with real words and pseudowords; Word-stem completion with and without contextual
      cues; Word-stem completion following presentation of high- vs. low-frequency
      words; Biasing of the spelling of ambiguous (homophonic) words; and Conceptual
      priming. On the tasks in which previously acquired knowledge could potentially be
      activated by a prime (e.g., perceptual priming with real words), both S.S. and
      the Korsakoff patients performed on a normal level. However, when new learning or
      new associations had to be formed prior to implicit memory testing (e.g.,
      perceptual priming of pseudowords or contextual word-stem completion), S.S.'s
      implicit memory performance was superior to Korsakoff amnesics. These results
      suggested that new learning differentially affects the priming abilities of S.S.
      and alcoholic Korsakoff patients. Since S.S.'s amnesia is as severe as Korsakoff
      patients, it was also concluded that severity of amnesia is clearly not the sole
      determinant of priming capacity; etiology may be equally important.

PMID- 3377896
TI  - The impaired learning of semantic knowledge following bilateral medial temporal
      lobe resection.
AB  - The integrity of several aspects of semantic memory (including knowledge of the
      meaning, lexical status, perception, and pronunciation of words and famous names)
      was examined in H.M., a patient with anterograde amnesia following bilateral
      medial temporal-lobe excision. Despite normal memory for such semantic knowledge
      acquired prior to the onset of his amnesia in 1953, H.M. showed a severe deficit
      in memory for semantic information encountered subsequently. In combination with
      the previously reported impairments in new learning shown by H.M., the deficits
      observed here point to an association between semantic and episodic memory, and
      do not lend support to a distinction between them. The acquisition of semantic
      and episodic information, therefore, appears to depend upon a common memory
      system that requires the intact functioning of medial temporal-lobe structures.

PMID- 3377897
TI  - Recall of spatial location by the amnesic patient H.M.
AB  - The amnesic patient H.M. was tested for immediate recall of the location of
      objects in an array. Three array-sizes were used: 16, 7, or 4 objects. With 16
      objects, H.M.'s performance was at chance level; with the smaller arrays, his
      performance was above chance, but still well below the levels achieved by age
      matched control subjects. The ability to recall location by H.M. did not differ
      under incidental and intentional learning conditions, thus failing to support the
      notion that automatic encoding skills may be selectively disrupted in amnesia.

PMID- 3377898
TI  - The fractionation of retrograde amnesia.
AB  - This single case study describes our investigations of the retrograde memory
      deficit of a patient who became severely and selectively amnesic after an
      encephalitic illness. On clinical assessment his retrograde deficit for both
      personal and public events appeared to encompass his entire adult life. However,
      he retained knowledge of words introduced into the vocabulary during the
      retrograde period. The experimental investigation documented his inability to
      recall, recognize, and place in temporal order the names and faces of famous
      people for all time periods sampled. By contrast, his recall of either a famous
      face or a famous name was significantly facilitated by the verbal cue of the
      person's first name and initial of the surname (i.e., Margaret T...). His
      performance on a test of "familiarity" that required him to select the famous
      name or the famous face from two distractors (unknown) was within normal limits.
      It is argued that names and faces of famous people are represented in more than
      one system: both in a vocabulary-like fact memory system that is preserved and
      also in a congnitively mediated schemata that in this case is functionally
      inoperative.

PMID- 3377899
TI  - Remote memory in a patient with circumscribed amnesia.
AB  - It has been suggested that extensive and severe remote memory loss is not a
      component of a circumscribed amnesic syndrome but may be attributable to problem
      solving and retrieval deficiencies associated with the frontal lobe damage which
      is present in some amnesic patients. In order to assess this notion, retrograde
      amnesia was studied in a patient, W.H., who had no apparent cortical damage
      revealed by radiological examination, and who evidenced no major cognitive
      deficiency other than amnesia. Regardless of whether remote memory was measured
      by recall or recognition procedures, patient W.H. exhibited impaired memory for
      information from the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, but was unimpaired in retrieving
      information from the 1940s and 1950s. These results demonstrate that retrograde
      amnesia can occur in patients who have a circumscribed memory deficit.

PMID- 3377900
TI  - Frontal amnesia and the dysexecutive syndrome.
AB  - This study analyzes the memory deficits shown by an amnesic patient with
      bilateral frontal damage and a dysexecutive syndrome. He resembles a classic
      amnesic patient in showing grossly impaired episodic memory for both verbal and
      nonverbal material, together with normal digit span, and on occasion normal
      recency in free recall. He differs from the classic amnesic pattern however in
      showing an impairment in both the speed and accuracy of performance on tests of
      semantic memory, and in clear evidence for impaired performance on some though
      not all procedural learning tasks. Finally, his autobiographical memory was poor
      and subject to substantial confabulation. It is suggested that the pattern of
      deficits is consistent with a combination of a classic amnesic syndrome with the
      additional problems associated with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, rather
      than exhibiting a qualitatively different form of amnesia.

PMID- 3377901
TI  - Memory impairment following ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating
      artery.
AB  - This study reports the case of a 42-year-old man who suffered a ruptured aneurysm
      of the anterior communicating artery. His memory capabilities were assessed after
      a considerable recovery period during which many of his memory deficits
      ameliorated. His scan revealed a left frontal lesion and many of his deficits
      were characteristic of frontal impairment. He was impaired on temporal
      discrimination, and he showed marked source forgetting. He also performed badly
      on the Brown-Peterson task, and we suggest that this is another task that may be
      characteristic of frontal impairment. In contrast, the patient showed normal or
      near normal performance on some memory tasks but not on others. It is concluded
      that the patient's frontal signs are similar to those found in Korsakoff's
      Syndrome, but that his memory impairment is qualitatively different from that
      encountered in patients with the amnesic syndrome.

PMID- 3377902
TI  - Effects of magnesium depletion on myocardial high-energy phosphates and
      contractility.
AB  - The effect of prolonged magnesium depletion on contractility, phosphorylating
      activity, and organic phosphates of spontaneously beating isolated rat atria was
      studied. Rats were fed a Mg-deficient diet for 8 weeks, during which serum Mg
      fell from 1.85 +/- 0.02 to 0.52 +/- 0.10 mg/dl. Atrial contractile activity was
      measured for 1 hr and at the end of this period tissue samples were taken for the
      determination of the phosphorylated intermediates. Mg depletion was associated
      with (a) reduced intracellular inorganic phosphorus and adenine nucleotides; (b)
      elevated creatine phosphate; (c) reduction in contractile force (CF) with no
      change in atrial beat rate (BR). There were no significant differences in the
      activities of creatine phosphokinase and adenylate kinase in control and Mg
      depleted rat atrial homogenates determined in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2.
      Addition of various concentrations of MgCl2 to the medium resulted in an
      immediate reduction in both CF and BR of normal and Mg-depleted rat atria.
      Intraperitoneal administration of MgCl2 to Mg-depleted rats resulted in complete
      recovery of CF of isolated atria. This improvement in CF occurred without changes
      in the levels of inorganic phosphate and adenine nucleotides. The reduced
      intracellular level of high-energy phosphate or inorganic phosphate cannot
      therefore be responsible for the impaired contractility seen in Mg-depleted heart
      muscle. On the other hand, the fact that the creatine phosphate levels were
      higher in magnesium depletion suggests that myofibrillar utilization of creatine
      phosphate is more impaired than production, analogous to phenomena seen in
      postanoxic recovery.

PMID- 3377903
TI  - Interaction of organic azides with purified camel glutathione S-transferase.
AB  - A series of organic azides was synthesized and was tested as inhibitors of
      purified camel glutathione S-transferases. Enzymes purified from camel liver,
      lung, and kidney were inhibited reversibly by these compounds in a concentration
      dependent pattern. The liver glutathione S-transferase was more sensitive to
      inhibition by most of these compounds and the lung enzyme was the least affected.
      The most effective reversible inhibitors of the tested organic azides for the
      purified camel liver enzyme were alkyl and allyl azides. The inhibition occurred
      immediately upon adding the inhibitors and remained constant during a further 30
      min incubation period. The tested organic azides were found to inhibit the
      glutathione S-transferase catalyzed conjugation of glutathione with both 1-chloro
      2,4-dinitrobenzene and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride and the kinetics of these
      inhibitions was qualitatively different, being competitive with some inhibitors
      and noncompetitive with others.

PMID- 3377904
TI  - Effects of cold stress on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and the activity of
      lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase in rabbits.
AB  - Effects of prolonged stress on lipid metabolism factors were studied for 9 weeks
      using four groups of young New Zealand rabbits. Two groups (A,B) were rendered
      atherosclerotic by administering 1% (w/w) cholesterol. One group (C) was
      subjected to cold stress together with one of the atherosclerotic groups (B); one
      group was used as control (N). At the end of treatment serum total cholesterol
      and total lipids of A and B increased significantly, while in stress group (C) a
      significant decrease was observed. HDL-C levels were reduced in all experimental
      groups. Triglycerides did not change in A, while they were reduced in both stress
      groups (C,B). Serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity levels
      of B and C were decreased. Lipoprotein electrophoresis patterns showed a
      significant redistribution of percentage values in all experimental groups: %LDL
      C increased and %VLDL-C decreased in all groups, %HDL-C declined in A and B and
      did not change in C. The combination of stress and atherosclerosis in rabbits
      elicits far greater alterations in lipid and lipoprotein profiles than stress or
      atherosclerosis alone. A stress and atherosclerotic diet combination may be a
      hazardous one in relation to CHD and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 3377905
TI  - Hypogonadism in liver cirrhosis: implication in altered amino acid metabolism in
      muscle.
AB  - To investigate the relationship between hypogonadism and altered amino acid
      metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis, we measured the basal levels of
      plasma testosterone, estradiol, and free amino acids, plus urinary 3
      methylhistidine excretion, in 16 control and 19 cirrhotic patients. The
      concentration of plasma testosterone correlated significantly with that of plasma
      branched-chain amino acids, and inversely with urinary 3-methylhistidine
      excretion. This suggests that hypogonadism causes a disturbance in amino acid
      metabolism at least partly related to an augmented muscle protein turnover.

PMID- 3377906
TI  - Sialic acid and neuraminidase activity in rat kidneys 6 months after
      uninephrectomy.
AB  - Sialic acid and neuraminidase activity were determined in the cortex of the
      remnant kidneys of six uninephrectomized rats. As controls served either the
      kidneys removed at operation or age-matched kidneys from eight sham operated
      rats. Six months after uninephrectomy the kidneys became hypertrophied and their
      mean weight was about 40% higher than age-matched kidneys. Blood urea and
      creatinine and protein levels in 24-hr urine collections were significantly
      higher in the experimental animals as compared to those of the same animals
      before nephrectomy and to sham operated rats, indicating a marked impairment of
      kidney function. The mean concentration of sialic acid in the cortex of
      hypertrophied kidneys was not statistically different from either that of the
      removed or that of the age-matched kidneys. Neuraminidase activity expressed as
      either per gram fresh tissue or per milligram protein, was not different in the
      removed and in the hypertrophied kidney. The activity, however, in the latter was
      significantly lower than in the age-matched kidneys. Whether this finding can be
      associated with the impairment of kidney function in rats 6 months after
      uninephrectomy remains to be studied.

PMID- 3377907
TI  - Oxalate uptake in intestinal and renal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in
      vitamin B6-deficient rats.
AB  - Acute, subclinical, and chronic pyridoxine deficiency did not modify the oxalate
      influx in rat intestinal BBMV but elevated the oxalate reabsorption by renal
      tubular cells. The Na+ and K+ ions did not affect oxalate uptake in either
      intestinal or renal BBMV. Although thiol group blocking agents did not affect
      intestinal uptake of oxalate they significantly altered oxalate translocation
      across the renal tubular cells. Following pyridoxine deficiency the rat kidneys
      appear to be more specific for inducing oxalate lithiasis as compared to oxalate
      influx through the intestine.

PMID- 3377908
TI  - Serum amino acid levels in leukemic mice after L-asparaginase treatment.
AB  - A rapid, reproducible HPLC method based on dansyl chloride derivatization has
      been developed for the determination of L-asparagine, L-aspartate, L-glutamine,
      and L-glutamate in mouse and human serum samples. This improved procedure has
      been designed for automation with an autoinjector system. Studies with mice
      bearing the sensitive and the asparaginase-resistant L5178Y leukemia show that
      this analytical method can be employed to monitor the effect of L-asparaginase on
      serum levels of these four amino acids. The method can be used to monitor serum
      amino acid levels in patients undergoing therapy with L-asparaginase.

PMID- 3377909
TI  - Purification and properties of the NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from human
      placental mitochondria.
AB  - The NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from human term placental mitochondria was
      purified 108-fold with a final yield of 72% and specific activity of about 2
      mumol per minute per milligram protein. The final preparation was completely free
      of fumarase, malic, and lactic dehydrogenases. Divalent cations were required for
      NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme activity, Mn2+ and Co2+ were by far more effective
      activators than Mg2+ and Ni2+, whereas the reaction did not proceed in the
      presence of Ca2+. The optimum pH with NAD and NADP as coenzymes was at around 7.1
      and 6.4, respectively. The ratio of the rate of NAD:NADP reduction was 7.4 and
      1.3 at pH 7.1 and 6.4, respectively. The enzyme is activated by succinate and
      fumarate and inhibited by ATP. In the absence of fumarate the Michaelis constants
      for L-malate and NAD were 2.82 and 0.33 mM; and in the presence of fumarate 1.18
      and 0.22 mM, respectively. This study presents the first report showing the
      purification and kinetic properties of NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from human
      tissue.

PMID- 3377911
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis for acute renal failure.

PMID- 3377910
TI  - Influence of mold properties on surface structure of a polyurethane-siloxane
      block co-polymer. Implications for blood compatibility.
AB  - The authors studied the surface structure of organosiloxane-polyether urethane co
      polymer films cast against low and high surface free energy materials
      (glass/ceramic and metal). A novel surface interaction parameter, the gold
      nucleus density distribution (GND), determined by partial gold decoration
      transmission electron microscopy, was used to indirectly assess the dispersive
      contribution to interfacial surface free energy. A water wetting assay was used
      to characterize the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the polymer film surfaces.
      Two biological interaction parameters, one involving the kinetics of albumin and
      fibrinogen adsorption from plasma and the other a platelet adhesion index (RIPA),
      were used to estimate blood compatibility. Results indicate that mold properties
      influence the surface structure of this block co-polymer, sequestering
      polysiloxane groups at mold, and possibly air interfacial regions of the film.
      However, as shown by ESCA and FTIR analysis, specific chemical groups did not
      correlate with the blood compatibility indices. The GND correlate with initial
      albumin and fibrinogen adsorption rates. Initial protein adsorption was less well
      predicted by surface water wettability. Neither surface structure nor surface
      interaction data predicted later (60-120 min) protein sorption or platelet
      adhesion. Subsequent events may be influenced by protein turnover and cell
      surface interactions, and are less influenced by polymer surface properties.

PMID- 3377912
TI  - Clinical aspects of high efficiency hemodialysis.

PMID- 3377913
TI  - Slow continuous hemodialysis.

PMID- 3377914
TI  - Charcoal hemoperfusion. Reminiscences and prejudices.

PMID- 3377915
TI  - Technical aspects of continuous and intermittent therapies.

PMID- 3377916
TI  - Slow continuous hemofiltration and slow continuous ultrafiltration.

PMID- 3377917
TI  - Estimation of lymphatic absorption and intraperitoneal volume during hypertonic
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 3377918
TI  - A longitudinal study of pre- and postmenopausal changes in calcium metabolism.
AB  - Longitudinal changes in the serum concentration of calcium, phosphate, alkaline
      phosphatase, PTH, calcitonin and the renal handling of calcium and phosphate were
      studied in 19 normal women of the same age before and after the menopause.
      Significant increase in serum calcium, phosphate and calcitonin and urine
      calcium/creatinine and TmPO4/GF were shown to precede the premenopause. After
      cessation of the menstruation, no statistically significant further changes were
      observed in these variables. Changes in PTH were not observed neither during the
      premenopausal nor the post-menopausal period. Alkaline phosphatase increased in
      the postmenopausal period suggesting an increase in bone turn-over.

PMID- 3377920
TI  - Assessment of calcitriol and inorganic phosphate therapy before cure of
      oncogenous osteomalacia by resection of a mixed mesenchymal tumor.
AB  - A 57 year old white male with oncogenous osteomalacia due to a mixed mesenchymal
      tumor was evaluated by sequential histologic and metabolic studies over a period
      of 33 mos prior to identifying the location of the tumor. On the basis of these
      studies we conclude: (i) disorders of the enterohepatic circulation and/or
      acceleration of metabolism of calcitriol are not responsible for its diminished
      level in oncogenous osteomalacia, (ii) the Von Kossa stain is preferred to the
      modified Masson in evaluating osteomalacia, (iii) avascular necrosis of the
      femoral head may be part of the syndrome, (iv) heterogeneity may be the hallmark
      of the responsible mesenchymal tumor and account for the different histological
      interpretations in the literature, (v) in compliant patients with oncogenous
      osteomalacia, calcitriol and Pi therapy may be effective.

PMID- 3377919
TI  - Histomorphometric analysis of osteopenia associated with endemic osteoarthritis
      (Mseleni joint disease).
AB  - Mseleni Joint Disease (MJD), a polyarticular osteoarthritis of uncertain etiology
      is endemic among the Tonga-Zulu tribe. The traditional diet is deficient in
      calcium, and palm wine (2-4% alcohol) is drunk widely. Patients with MJD are
      reported to be more osteopenic than those without. Iliac bone biopsies of 19
      arthritic patients were examined by routine histomorphometry and revealed
      decreased trabecular bone volume (p less than 0.0005), increased resorption
      surfaces (p less than 0.01), decreased bone formation rate at the BMU (p less
      than 0.01) level and increased mineralization lag time (p less than 0.01). Six of
      the 19 patients (31.6%) had features of osteomalacia and six (31.6%) signs of
      osteoblast failure. The most likely cause of the bone disorder is calcium
      deficiency, but inanition, inactivity and alcohol abuse may have contributed.
      Although the joint disorder may have contributed to the bone disorder, the
      converse is unlikely the case.

PMID- 3377921
TI  - Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols and units
      (summary of proposed system).

PMID- 3377922
TI  - Radiological, biochemical and hereditary evidence of two types of autosomal
      dominant osteopetrosis.
AB  - Review of the radiographs of 34 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis
      revealed two distinct phenotypical types. Both were strictly family-related and
      exhibited progressive sclerosis with aging. Descriptive, radiogrammetric and
      biochemical analyses were performed. Type I showed a pronounced sclerosis of the
      skull with an enlarged thickness of the cranial wall. The sclerosis of the skull
      in Type II was most striking at the base. In Type II there was a typical "Rugger
      Jersey spine," and endobones ("bone within a bone") were seen in the pelvis. The
      radiogrammetric investigations of the long bones did not show any difference
      between the two types. Compared to normal controls, there was a normal total
      subperiosteal width (W), but a significant enlarged cortical thickness (C) (P
      less than 0.01), and thus a reduced medullary cavity (M), suggesting normal bone
      formation and disturbed bone resorption. Serum phosphate was lower in Type I
      compared to Type II (P less than 0.01), and serum acid phosphatase was markedly
      increased in Type II (P less than 0.01), suggesting differences between the two
      types in bone mineral metabolism and structural functions of the osteoclasts. The
      two types may represent two different entities with the same mode of inheritance,
      and in both cases with affected bone resorption.

PMID- 3377923
TI  - Maintenance of constant 95% neuromuscular blockade by adjustable infusion rates
      of pancuronium and atracurium.
AB  - In a double-blind study, 39 patients (ASA groups I-II,) were given either
      pancuronium or atracurium as an infusion during surgery. The drugs were given as
      an initial loading dose of 0.064 mg kg-1 or 0.30 mg kg-1, respectively, followed
      by an infusion, the rate of which was regulated to produce a constant 95%
      depression of the evoked twitch response throughout surgery. No significant
      difference in the number of corrections of the infusion rate per hour was found
      (4.6 v. 4.9). Mean infusion maintenance doses were 35 and 356 micrograms kg-1 h
      1, respectively. The inter-individual variability of maintenance doses for the
      two drugs did not differ, the coefficients of variation being 0.32 and 0.24. On
      stopping the infusion, the patients given atracurium recovered to a 15% twitch
      faster than those given pancuronium. In addition neostigmine produced a quicker
      recovery in this group. Thus atracurium may be a more satisfactory drug for use
      by infusion.

PMID- 3377924
TI  - Differential effects of calcium channel blocking agents on pancuronium- and
      suxamethonium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
AB  - The effects were studied of several calcium channel blocking agents on muscle
      twitch, and possible interactions between these drugs and pancuronium and
      suxamethonium, using a rat phrenic-hemidiaphragm preparation. Nicardipine,
      verapamil and diltiazem each caused a concentration-related depression of muscle
      response. Nicardipine had the most, and diltiazem the least, potent effect.
      Verapamil and diltiazem 5 and 10 mumol litre-1 caused a concentration-dependent
      enhancement of suxamethonium-induced neuromuscular blockade, but increased the
      effect of pancuronium only at 10 mumol litre-1. Nicardipine 10 mumol litre-1
      significantly enhanced pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade, but not that
      produced by suxamethonium.

PMID- 3377925
TI  - Influence of extradural and general anaesthesia on natural killer cell activity
      and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients undergoing hysterectomy.
AB  - The effect of hysterectomy was studied on natural killer (NK) cell activity, the
      distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations, and the endocrine stress response in
      16 patients allocated to receive extradural analgesia S5-T4 (group I) or
      neuroleptanaesthesia (NLA) (group II). In group II a significant decrease in NK
      cell activity was found after operation for at least 3 days, while surgery during
      extradural analgesia did not induce significant changes. The impaired NK cell
      activity was accompanied by leucocytosis and lymphopenia affecting the T
      lymphocytes (OKT3+ and OKT4+), the B-lymphocytes (B1+) and NK cells (Leu 11+).
      Compared with group II, extradural analgesia significantly reduced the cortisol
      and noradrenaline response to surgery, while the adrenaline response in both
      groups was abolished. The results suggest that the decrease in NK cell activity
      and alterations in lymphocyte subsets induced by surgery and general anaesthesia
      can be prevented to a certain degree by extradural analgesia.

PMID- 3377926
TI  - Spinal analgesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: influence of age.
AB  - The effects of age were investigated on characteristics of spinal analgesia with
      hyperbaric bupivacaine in 38 younger patients (less than 50 yr: group I), and 48
      older patients (greater than 80 yr: group II). Four millilitre of 0.375%
      bupivacaine in 2.5% dextrose was injected via the L3-4 space in a lateral
      position, and the patients were immediately turned supine. In group II, the time
      to maximum spread was significantly shorter, and the sensory spinal blockade
      higher (one dermatome) than in group I. The mean sensory recovery of the two
      uppermost segments did not differ between the two groups. The mean duration of
      analgesia at the L2 level was increased by only 15 min in the older group.
      Complete motor blockade of the lower limbs developed most rapidly in group II,
      while duration of all degrees of motor blockade did not differ significantly with
      age. Because of great individual variation, the clinical significance of such
      differences is limited. In the older group, there was a greater decrease in
      systolic arterial pressure from resting values, despite rapid infusion of
      lactated Ringer's solution.

PMID- 3377927
TI  - Unpredictability of regression of analgesia during the continuous postoperative
      extradural infusion of bupivacaine.
AB  - Twenty-four otherwise healthy patients scheduled for elective major abdominal
      surgery received general anaesthesia plus lumbar extradural analgesia. A loading
      dose of 0.5% plain bupivacaine was given to produce sensory analgesia (pin prick)
      from T4 to S5 and followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5% plain bupivacaine 8
      ml h-1. Pain, scored on a 5-point scale, and sensory analgesia were assessed
      hourly for 16 h after skin incision. If sensory analgesia decreased by more than
      5 segments from its preoperative level, or if the pain score reached 2 (moderate
      pain), the patients were removed from the study, and pain was treated otherwise.
      Only three patients maintained their initial levels of sensory analgesia and a
      pain score of less than 2. In the remaining patients sensory analgesia decreased
      at least 5 segments or pain score reached 2 between 4 and 16 h after skin
      incision. We found a weak correlation between increasing age and the duration of
      sensory analgesia (r = 0.46, P less than 0.05), but no significant correlations
      between duration of sensory analgesia and sex, weight, height, body surface area,
      serum albumin concentration, duration or site of operation.

PMID- 3377928
TI  - Comparison of the recovery characteristics of diazepam and midazolam.
AB  - A double-blind crossover comparison of efficacy and recovery from midazolam 5 mg
      and diazepam (in propylene glycol) 10 mg was undertaken in eight volunteer
      subjects. It was found that midazolam was significantly more potent in this dose
      ratio than diazepam, helping to explain the finding of previous studies that the
      recovery from midazolam and diazepam in a 1:2 dose ratio is comparable.

PMID- 3377929
TI  - Visual evoked potentials and changes in serum glycine concentration during
      transurethral resection of the prostate.
AB  - Visual evoked potentials were recorded in 10 patients undergoing transurethral
      prostatectomy under subarachnoid anaesthesia. They were compared with those
      obtained in a control group (n = 5) having other operative procedures also under
      spinal anaesthesia. Serum concentrations of glycine, ammonia, glucose and sodium,
      and osmolality, were determined during the perioperative period. The
      prostatectomy group demonstrated a significant prolongation of visual evoked
      potential P2 latency in the postoperative period when compared with preoperative
      values (P less than 0.01). No significant changes in latency occurred in the
      control group when measured at similar times. The prostatectomy group
      demonstrated a significant increase in serum glycine concentration (P less than
      0.01); changes in serum ammonia and sodium concentrations and osmolality were not
      significant. There was no correlation between visual evoked potential latency and
      changes in serum glycine concentration. Changes in visual evoked potential during
      transurethral prostatectomy may be the result of an accumulation of a metabolite
      of glycine.

PMID- 3377931
TI  - Breathing systems for use in anaesthesia. Evaluation using a physical lung model
      and classification.
AB  - A lung model which measures effective alveolar ventilation is described and used
      to evaluate different breathing systems during simulated spontaneous ventilation.
      The model measures VD/VT ratios in relation to fresh gas flow and the
      characteristic shape of the resulting curve characterizes the particular
      breathing system. The various curves reflect the functional performance and,
      therefore, the flow requirements of the systems which have been reclassified
      accordingly. The classification described is based upon the structural
      arrangements which determine the flow patterns within the particular systems. The
      breathing systems compared during spontaneous ventilation were a circle "C"
      absorber system, the circle "C" without the absorber, the Mapleson A, B, C and D
      systems and a series of "enclosed" and modified Mapleson A systems and the
      modified Mapleson D or Bain system.

PMID- 3377930
TI  - Double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of single doses of meptazinol
      as a suppository and morphine by i.m. injection.
AB  - The analgesic efficacy of a 150-mg meptazinol suppository was compared with that
      of morphine 10 mg i.m. in the treatment of moderate postoperative pain. Two
      groups of 15 female patients took part in a 4-h, randomized double-blind, double
      dummy study on the first day after elective abdominal hysterectomy. Meptazinol
      did not provide satisfactory analgesia in five patients (P less than 0.05). A
      decrease in mean pain scores (linear analogue scale and verbal rating scale) was
      seen after the administration of meptazinol, but this was not as great as that
      produced by morphine i.m., nor was it as long in duration. Significant changes in
      arterial pressure, heart rate and ventilatory rates were not seen in association
      with the administration of meptazinol, but were observed after the administration
      of morphine.

PMID- 3377932
TI  - Perioperative changes in functional residual capacity in morbidly obese patients.
AB  - Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured before and after induction of
      anaesthesia for jejunoileal bypass surgery in 30 morbidly obese patients. The
      onset of anaesthesia was associated with a 51% reduction in FRC from 2.2 litre to
      1.0 litre. Eighteen of the patients were investigated more extensively; in these
      subjects FRC was reduced below the control values of residual volume (RV) with
      the onset of anaesthesia, but recovered towards baseline after laparotomy
      incision. Reduction in FRC is related to baseline vital capacity (VC) and FRC and
      is much greater than that reported for patients of normal weight.

PMID- 3377933
TI  - Effect of nifedipine on cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation.
AB  - The efficacy of sublingual nifedipine in attenuating the pressor responses to
      laryngoscopy and intubation was studied in 40 patients undergoing elective
      surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5.5 mg kg-1 i.v. and tracheal
      intubation was facilitated with suxamethonium 1.5 mg kg-1 i.v. Patients were
      allocated randomly to receive sublingual nifedipine 10 mg or placebo capsules 10
      min before induction. Patients receiving placebo capsule showed significant
      increases in heart rate and arterial pressure associated with tracheal intubation
      (P less than 0.001). The increases in arterial pressure and rate-pressure product
      were reduced in nifedipine treated patients (P less than 0.001). Heart rate
      increased significantly in both groups immediately after intubation.

PMID- 3377934
TI  - Use of diltiazem to control circulatory fluctuations during resection of a
      phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - This report describes the use of diltiazem to control circulatory fluctuations
      during anaesthesia in five patients undergoing resection of a phaeochromocytoma.
      Diltiazem was administered continuously i.v. before anaesthesia and during
      surgery until the draining vein from the tumour had been ligated. Arterial
      pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased in association with the
      infusion of diltiazem. Heart rate was stable, and there was no ventricular
      tachyarrhythmia. Arterial pressure was controlled easily during the manipulation
      of the tumour, and there were no hypotensive episodes after the removal of the
      tumour.

PMID- 3377935
TI  - Apnoea associated with the intrathecal administration of morphine in obstetrics.
      A case report.
AB  - The intrathecal administration of hyperbaric morphine 1 mg for pain relief during
      labour was followed, 7 h after injection, and 1 h after delivery, by respiratory
      depression. Pulseoximetry was helpful in alerting the medical personnel. After an
      initial 1 mg of naloxone i.v. in increments of 0.1-0.2 mg, a continuous infusion
      of naloxone 0.4 mg h-1 i.v. was used to prevent a recurrence of the respiratory
      depression. The total dose of naloxone over an 8-h period was 3.6 mg.

PMID- 3377936
TI  - Intrathecal or extradural which approach for surgery?

PMID- 3377937
TI  - Suxamethonium and MHS muscle.

PMID- 3377938
TI  - Life-threatening reaction to atracurium.

PMID- 3377939
TI  - Anaesthetic management of achondroplasia.

PMID- 3377940
TI  - Continuous i.v. infusion of labetalol for postoperative hypertension.

PMID- 3377941
TI  - Unconscious perception during anaesthesia--comment on statistics.

PMID- 3377942
TI  - Postoperative analgesia with fentanyl: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of
      constant-rate i.v. and transdermal delivery.
AB  - We have investigated the use of constant-rate delivery of fentanyl by i.v. and
      transdermal routes for the treatment of pain after major surgery. Forty-five
      males, ASA I-III, received in a double-blinded fashion either placebo (n = 6) or
      fentanyl (n = 39) i.v. at one of four dose rates (25, 50, 100 or 125 micrograms h
      1). Stable serum concentrations of fentanyl were produced by the end of surgery
      and were maintained for a total of 24 h. Calculated clearance of fentanyl was
      1.05 +/- 0.38 litre min-1 and was not related to weight or age. Both the 100- and
      125-micrograms h-1 dose rates produced significant analgesic efficacy as assessed
      by postoperative morphine requirements. Mean serum concentrations of fentanyl in
      these groups were 1.42 +/- 0.14 (SD) and 1.90 +/- 0.30 ng ml-1, respectively. One
      of 10 patients receiving fentanyl 100 micrograms h-1 and three of nine patients
      receiving 125 micrograms h-1 had evidence of respiratory depression. Eight
      additional patients were treated with a transdermal drug delivery system
      containing fentanyl (TTS-fentanyl). Steady-state serum concentrations in this
      group were 2.15 +/- 0.92 (SD) ng ml-1. Post-operative morphine requirements were
      minimal (less than 0.5 mg h-1) and PaCO2 remained acceptable in all patients.
      Serum concentrations of fentanyl increased slowly (15 h to plateau) and decreased
      slowly (apparent half-life, 21 h). We conclude that delivery of analgesic doses
      of fentanyl is feasible by the transdermal route.

PMID- 3377943
TI  - Plasma fentanyl concentrations during transdermal delivery of fentanyl to
      surgical patients.
AB  - Plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured during and after transdermal
      fentanyl delivery in groups of patients undergoing general surgery. At 8 and 12
      h, concentrations did not differ from those observed in a matched group of
      patients receiving fentanyl by i.v. infusion. At 24 h, concentrations were
      significantly lower in one of the transdermal groups. Plasma fentanyl clearance
      did not differ significantly between the groups. Plasma fentanyl concentrations
      decreased slowly after removal of the transdermal system.

PMID- 3377944
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in the elderly.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of fentanyl were determined in seven elderly (71-82 yr) and
      seven younger adults (18-41 yr) anaesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide in
      oxygen and morphine. Fentanyl was administered as a 2-min i.v. infusion at doses
      of 15 micrograms kg-1 for elderly patients and 20 micrograms kg-1 for the younger
      patients. Plasma samples were obtained for 4 h and fentanyl concentrations
      determined by radioimmunoassay. Fentanyl concentration, per microgram kg-1
      administered, was higher in elderly than in young patients at 2 min (7.73 +/-
      3.14 v. 4.54 +/- 1.83 ng ml-1 (mean +/- SD), respectively) and at 4 min after the
      start of infusion (3.26 +/- 1.44 v. 1.78 +/- 0.72 ng ml-1, respectively).
      Concentrations were similar at all other sampling times. Pharmacokinetic
      variables were determined by non-compartmental techniques. Total plasma clearance
      was similar for the two age groups. Volume of distribution at steady-state (VDss)
      was smaller in elderly patients (1.36 +/- 0.44 v. 2.27 +/- 0.82 litre kg-1).
      Despite age-related changes in VDss, plasma fentanyl concentrations for the two
      groups were similar throughout the 4-h sampling period except immediately
      following administration. These results suggest that, if there are age-related
      differences in response to fentanyl, the likely pharmacokinetic explanation is
      the higher concentration of fentanyl in the elderly immediately following its
      administration.

PMID- 3377945
TI  - Comparative plasma concentration profiles after i.v., i.m. and rectal
      administration of pethidine in children.
AB  - Plasma concentration-time curves of pethidine and norpethidine were studied in 25
      children allocated after operation to three groups to receive pethidine 1 mg kg-1
      i.v., i.m. or rectally. Peak concentrations occurred after 5 +/- 1, 10 +/- 2, and
      60 +/- 10 min, respectively, while the maximum concentrations amounted to 2800 +/
      462, 1609 +/- 367 and 531 +/- 179 nmol litre-1, respectively. The area under the
      curve (0-240 min) was similarly reduced in the group with rectal administration
      (P less than 0.05). Compared with the i.v. data, approximately 40% systemic
      availability occurred after rectal application, although considerable individual
      variation was noted. In one child very high plasma concentrations were observed
      after rectal administration, possibly as a result of redistribution/recirculation
      phenomena. The average results are similar to those obtained when other opioids
      are given rectally.

PMID- 3377946
TI  - Comparison of extradural buprenorphine and extradural morphine after caesarean
      section.
AB  - Fifty-seven women received extradural morphine 3 mg, buprenorphine 0.18 mg or
      buprenorphine 0.09 mg after elective Caesarean section carried out under
      extradural bupivacaine. Supplementary sublingual buprenorphine was available on
      demand. Ten-centimetre visual analogue pain scores were completed regularly;
      emesis, pruritus and urinary retention were recorded for 24 h. Patients who
      received buprenorphine 0.09 mg had more pain, and required more supplementary
      analgesia, than those who received morphine 3 mg. Pain scores and analgesic
      requirements after buprenorphine 0.18 mg were not significantly different from
      either of the other two groups. Emesis was not significantly different in the
      three groups. More itching occurred after morphine 3 mg and buprenorphine 0.18 mg
      than after buprenorphine 0.09 mg; pruritus of the face, legs and perineum was
      more common after morphine than buprenorphine. Twenty-eight percent of patients
      without a urinary catheter developed retention of urine. Seventy-five to 84% of
      patients were satisfied with analgesia during the first day after operation.
      Analgesia and adverse effects were similar when morphine 3 mg or buprenorphine
      0.18 mg was given extradurally after Caesarean section.

PMID- 3377947
TI  - Effect of the addition of adrenaline to extradural diamorphine analgesia after
      caesarean section.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind study the effect of the addition of adrenaline to
      extradural diamorphine was assessed in 54 patients after Caesarean section.
      Patients received extradural diamorphine 5 mg in saline 10 ml with or without
      adrenaline 1 in 200,000 for postoperative pain relief. Analgesia was profound and
      of rapid onset in both groups. Duration of analgesia was greater in the
      adrenaline group (time to next analgesia 12.51 +/- 0.94 h, mean +/- SEM), than in
      the saline group (9.87 +/- 0.98 h) (P = 0.057). Analgesia was also more
      consistent in the adrenaline group, with 77% of patients having more than 8 h of
      good analgesia compared with 48% in the saline group (P less than 0.05). Plasma
      morphine concentrations, measured in 12 patients, were lower, although not
      significantly so, in the adrenaline group and mean time to peak concentration
      markedly delayed. No serious side effects were observed, but there was a higher
      incidence of vomiting in the adrenaline group.

PMID- 3377948
TI  - Intrathecal morphine in the management of pain following cardiac surgery. A
      comparison with morphine i.v.
AB  - Forty-four patients undergoing coronary revascularization received either
      intrathecal morphine 1 mg (n = 15), intrathecal morphine 2 mg (n = 15), or i.v.
      morphine 30 mg (n = 14) after the induction of anaesthesia. Morphine 2.5 mg i.v.
      was given, as required, in the postoperative period and pain score, respiratory
      rate and PaCO2 measured every 2 h. FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were measured before, and
      24 h after, the induction of anaesthesia. Mean overall pain scores in both
      intrathecal groups were significantly lower than in the i.v. group (P less than
      0.01), but did not differ significantly between the intrathecal groups.
      Consumption of supplementary morphine was significantly lower in both intrathecal
      groups (P less than 0.01). Mean PaCO2 was significantly higher in patients given
      intrathecal morphine 2 mg. This was significant at 12, 14 and 16 h after
      induction of anaesthesia. Respiratory rate did not differ significantly between
      the groups. Postoperative PEFR was significantly better in patients given
      intrathecal morphine (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that intrathecal
      morphine provided better analgesia after cardiac surgery than did a conventional
      regimen. The lower dose (1 mg) was associated with less respiratory depression as
      assessed by PaCO2 measurements.

PMID- 3377949
TI  - Infusion of atracurium in neonates, infants and children. A study of dose
      requirements.
AB  - The doses of atracurium (by infusion) required to maintain steady-state (90-95%)
      neuromuscular block were assessed in 75 children aged 9 days to 17 yr during
      balanced anaesthesia. Following the intubating dose of atracurium 0.4 mg kg-1 and
      after the recovery of single twitch to 5-10% of control (monitored by evoked EMG
      of hypothenar muscle), an infusion of atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 h-1 was started. In
      22 of the patients this initial rate resulted in the desired steady state; 32
      patients required one, and 21 required two or more adjustments in rate. The mean
      single twitch value at steady-state was 6.6 +/- 0.3% (SEM), which is equal to 93%
      neuromuscular block. The infusion requirement to maintain the steady state
      neuromuscular block in all paediatric patients more than 1 month old was constant
      (0.53 +/- 0.01 mg kg-1 h-1). The infusion requirement of neonates up to 1 month
      old was 25% less (0.40 +/- 0.02 mg kg-1 h-1; P = 0.003). A significant
      correlation (n = 75, r = 0.76, P less than 0.001) was found between the infusion
      rate (mg m-2 h-1) and the logarithm of the body surface area.

PMID- 3377950
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of diltiazem during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. An
      in vivo study in the dog.
AB  - The haemodynamic effects of diltiazem were studied in six dogs during fentanyl
      nitrous oxide (in oxygen) anaesthesia. A bolus of diltiazem 300 micrograms kg-1
      was given, followed by infusions at 30, 60 and 90 micrograms kg-1 min-1 which
      produced plasma diltiazem concentrations of 392 +/- 30, 908 +/- 54 and 1483 +/-
      134 ng ml-1, respectively. Diltiazem significantly reduced systemic vascular
      resistance index, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and PR interval. The
      decrease in afterload increased cardiac index, since there was little change in
      myocardial contractility (LV dP/dt). Five dogs developed second degree
      atrioventricular (AV) block in association with the highest dose. Administration
      of calcium chloride 20 mg kg-1 did not reverse the haemodynamic or
      electrophysiological effects of diltiazem. Isoprenaline increased heart rate and
      restored sinus rhythm in four dogs with AV block.

PMID- 3377951
TI  - Effects of lignocaine and bupivacaine on regional myocardial function and
      coronary blood flow in anaesthetized dogs.
AB  - Empirical i.v. doses of lignocaine or bupivacaine of equal local anaesthetic
      potency were administered to halothane-anaesthetized dogs. Both local
      anaesthetics caused the expected depression of global haemodynamic function.
      Regional myocardial systolic shortening was depressed similarly by both agents.
      Regional myocardial dysfunction, seen as post-systolic shortening, occurred to a
      similar extent with both lignocaine and bupivacaine. Coronary blood flow and
      coronary perfusion pressure were significantly correlated during the
      administration of lignocaine; bupivacaine had erratic effects on coronary blood
      flow and no correlation between coronary blood flow and coronary perfusion
      pressure was seen. These results suggest that regional myocardial dysfunction
      occurs with both local anaesthetics and does not account for the apparent
      increased cardiotoxicity of bupivacaine. Bupivacaine did, however, cause wider
      individual variations compared with lignocaine with respect to coronary blood
      flow.

PMID- 3377952
TI  - Rat liver slices and diazepam metabolism: in vitro interactions with volatile
      anaesthetic drugs and albumin.
AB  - The influence of the volatile anaesthetic agents enflurane, isoflurane, halothane
      and the halothane metabolite trifluoroacetic acid was studied on the hepatic
      elimination of diazepam, by incubating precision-cut slices of rat liver in a
      closed system. The impact of anaesthetic-induced action on enzyme activity and
      diazepam binding to human serum albumin (HSA) was assessed in protein free and
      protein containing buffers, respectively. Human serum albumin reduced the
      elimination of diazepam by 12 and 50% at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg ml-1,
      respectively. In the absence of albumin, halothane 1 mmol litre-1 reduced the
      elimination of diazepam by 13%, whereas enflurane at 1.5 mmol litre-1 caused a
      reduction of 8%. No effect was seen from isoflurane 1 mmol litre-1 and
      trifluoroacetic acid 4 mmol litre-1. In the presence of the highest concentration
      of albumin, however, an increased elimination of diazepam of 24% resulted from
      exposure to enflurane and trifluoroacetic acid, while no statistically
      significant changes were seen for isoflurane and halothane. The present work
      supports the view that volatile anaesthetic agents may cause pharmacokinetic drug
      interactions by interference with both enzyme activity and drug protein binding.

PMID- 3377953
TI  - Effects of sounds presented during general anaesthesia on postoperative course.
AB  - In a double-blind, randomized study, patients undergoing cholecystectomy were
      administered one of four different sounds during general anaesthesia: positive
      suggestions, nonsense suggestions, seaside sounds or sounds from the operating
      theatre. The effect of these sounds on the postoperative course was examined to
      assess intraoperative auditory registration. No differences were found between
      the four groups in postoperative variables.

PMID- 3377954
TI  - Predicting successful brachial plexus block using changes in skin electrical
      resistance.
AB  - Skin electrical resistance is determined by the degree of sweating of the skin
      which is, in turn, related to sympathetic nervous system activity in the area
      concerned. It is increased when the nerves supplying the area are damaged or
      blocked by local anaesthetic agents. We have assessed the temporal and spatial
      relationship between the onset of sympathetic and sensory loss in the hand
      following brachial plexus block in 44 patients. Skin electrical resistance,
      measured using a simple ohm meter, has been shown to increase within 2 min of
      brachial plexus blockade with 1% lignocaine and adrenaline 1:200,000. This
      increase is an early and reliable indicator of subsequent, and occasionally
      delayed, sensory loss.

PMID- 3377955
TI  - Preoperative intercostal nerve block: effect on the endocrine metabolic response
      to surgery.
AB  - The plasma cortisol and glucose responses to cholecystectomy were studied in 20
      healthy patients. Ten patients received preoperative intercostal nerve blocks of
      the 6th to 12th nerves bilaterally using 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 250
      micrograms. The control group had the same quantity of adrenaline infiltrated
      into the intercostal space. Both groups had general anaesthesia with endotracheal
      intubation and controlled ventilation. In the non-blocked group, the mean
      cortisol concentration increased from a control value of 182.5 nmol litre-1 to a
      peak of 686.2 nmol litre-1 at 5.5 h after incision. In the blocked group the
      baseline serum cortisol concentration was 283.8 nmol litre-1 and it increased to
      a similar peak at 5.5 h. There were no significant differences between groups.
      The baseline plasma glucose concentration was also higher in the blocked group
      (4.45 mmol litre-1 compared with 3.94 mmol litre-1), but after a brief increase
      following the performance of the block decreased to only 14% above control
      values. The unblocked group exhibited substantial increase following the start of
      the surgery which continued for the duration of the study period to end at a mean
      of 6.48 mmol litre-1. These differences were significant (P less than 0.001). It
      is concluded that bilateral intercostal blocks may inhibit the glucose response
      to surgery, but have no effect on the cortisol response.

PMID- 3377956
TI  - Sodium thiosulphate decreases blood cyanide concentration following sodium
      nitroprusside.

PMID- 3377957
TI  - Mortality and morbidity after hip fracture.

PMID- 3377958
TI  - General anaesthesia for Caesarean section.

PMID- 3377959
TI  - Diagnostic test for halothane hepatitis.

PMID- 3377961
TI  - Identification of the connective tissues synthesized by the venous and arterial
      endothelia of the human umbilical cord: a comparative study.
AB  - Immunocytochemistry has been used to identify endothelial cells in sections of
      human umbilical cord and in cultures of the venous and arterial endothelium,
      using Factor VIII and Ulex europaeus as endothelial markers. The connective
      tissue components, including various collagen types, fibronectin and laminin,
      were identified and localized in the cord and in both venous and arterial
      cultured endothelium. Interstitial collagens synthesized by the cultured cells
      were isolated and quantified. Angiogenic ability was examined. The effect of a
      noxious stimulus, 24 h hypoxia, was quantified in cultured venous endothelium.
      The results showed that cultured arterial endothelium possesses a vacuolated
      cytoplasm which is absent in venous endothelium. The major collagens observed in
      venous culture were types III and V; the latter was found mainly in the cell
      layer. Venous endothelium was angiogenic. It responded to hypoxia by producing
      fewer cells, more protein/10(6) cells but less collagen, both in absolute terms
      and as a percentage of protein/10(6) cells, thus behaving like cultured porcine
      and bovine aortic endothelium. Fibronectin was the major 'glue' associated with
      endothelium. We conclude that culture can reveal the synthetic potential of
      endothelium which the cord itself does not often show; moreover culture appears
      essential to demonstrate that arterial and venous endothelium behave differently
      from each other.

PMID- 3377960
TI  - Effect of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen on the development of renal cortical
      necrosis induced by oestrone + vasopressin administration in rats.
AB  - Bilateral renal cortical necrosis was observed after vasopressin administration
      in rats pretreated with oestrone acetate. Histochemical (succinic dehydrogenase,
      trichrome, periodic acid Schiff) and electronmicroscopic methods were used to
      examine how the anti-oestrogen, Tamoxifen, influences the development of this
      renal cortical necrosis. The experiments revealed that in most rats vasopressin
      did not induce renal tubular necrosis if the anti-oestrogen was administered
      simultaneously, even during oestrogen pretreatment. The results suggest that
      oestrogen receptors in the kidney are involved in the induction of renal cortical
      necrosis by vasopressin.

PMID- 3377962
TI  - Endothelial-smooth muscle interactions in vitro: effects of high pH, flowing
      medium and extracellular matrix.
AB  - The interactions of cultured bovine aortic and human umbilical or saphenous vein
      endothelium with cultured fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells were studied using
      light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a radioisotope adhesion
      assay. (1) Resuspended fibroblasts or smooth muscle cells readily 'overgrew'
      confluent endothelial monolayers under static culture conditions, but not when
      cultures were exposed to a continuously stirred medium. (2) Exposure of cultured
      endothelial or smooth muscle cells to a moderately alkaline environment alters
      the disposition of pericellular concanavalin. A positive extracellular material.
      This does not affect the initial adhesion of endothelial or smooth muscle cells,
      but does affect cell spreading. (3) Endothelial adhesion to cultured smooth
      muscle cells involves both adhesion and spreading. Recently subcultured or
      rapidly proliferating smooth muscle cells support initial adhesion, but not
      spreading. Spreading appears to require the establishment of a suitable
      extracellular matrix, and this is inhibited both by a flowing medium and by an
      alkaline extracellular environment.

PMID- 3377963
TI  - Localization of lead in the kidney and liver of rats treated in vivo with lead
      acetate: ultrastructural studies on unstained sections.
AB  - The subcellular distribution and ultrastructural effects of lead have been
      studied in the kidneys and liver of rats given lead acetate (600 ppm Pb2+) in
      their drinking water for 6 months. Control rats were given sodium acetate. Tissue
      samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and examined by electron microscopy with and
      without staining. Unstained sections of both kidney and liver from lead-treated
      animals showed small particles (2-5 nm diameter) of very high electron density
      which appear to represent a deposited form of Pb2+. Ultrastructural changes in
      the kidneys were largely confined to glomeruli (swelling of endothelial cells,
      fusion of foot processes, thickening of basement membrane) and proximal tubules
      (ranging from minimal sub-lethal changes to necrotic disorganization). The
      electron-dense particles of Pb2+ occurred in large clusters in basement
      membranes. As individual particles, or small groups, they were numerous in nuclei
      of proximal epithelium but usually only a few, largely confined to vesicles or
      inclusion bodies, were present in the cytoplasm. Only when cells were markedly
      damaged morphologically were particles more generally distributed in the
      cytoplasm. Liver damage by Pb2+ was largely confined to centrilobular regions.
      Endothelial and Kupffer cells were the most affected; they often sequestered
      large numbers of the particles. In parenchymal cells, particles were few and
      mainly in vesicles, but they were more widely distributed in the cytoplasm when
      morphological injury was apparent. The free distribution of Pb2+ in liver and
      kidney seems to be limited by its deposition in basement membranes and
      sequestration in reticulo-endothelial cells; intracellular distribution in
      healthy cells is also limited, by deposition in nuclei (in kidney only) or
      cytoplasmic vesicles.

PMID- 3377964
TI  - An experimental model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis in rabbits.
AB  - An experimental model of a contaminated open fracture, using the tibia of male
      New Zealand white rabbits, is described. Post-traumatic osteomyelitis can be
      reliably induced in this model, with no systemic ill-effects. The characteristic
      bacteriological, radiological and histological findings are described.
      Inoculation of the fracture site with Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration of
      10(6) bacteria caused osteomyelitis in two out of five rabbits. When the
      concentration of inoculum was increased to 10(7) organisms, osteomyelitis was
      seen in four out of five rabbits. No cases of infection were seen in the control
      animals. This is a simple and reliable model for studies into the prevention and
      treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3377965
TI  - Mouse lethal cardiovascular disease: induction by human leucocyte intracellular
      Mollicutes.
AB  - Plant pathologists have known for several years that intracellular Mollicutes
      (M), i.e. cell wall deficient bacteria, are plant vascular pathogens, but because
      those M are non-cultivatable, they can only be studied by Transmission Electron
      Microscopy (TEM). Only recently have similar M been shown to be human and animal
      pathogens. Those human ocular Vasculitis (V) and mouse chronic ocular and lethal
      systemic V producing M parasitize vitreous polymorphonuclear leucocytes,
      lymphocytes, and monocytes as 'viral-like' 0.005-0.010 micron elemental particles
      which grow within the leucocyte into 0.01-0.03 micron diameter tubules, 0.3-1.5
      micron spherules, and distinctive 0.5-0.7 micron cocci with spore-like cell
      walls. This report describes the 48 arteriolar and capillary sized V, Aschoff
      nodules, valvulitis, and myocytolytic lesions in the heart and great vessels in
      18 of 100 human vitreous VM containing eyelid inoculated mice versus 0 of 200
      controls (P less than 0.05) plus VM within parasitized leucocytes in 15 of 15 of
      those lesions by TEM. The results indicate dissemination of VM from the eyelid to
      produce a significant incidence of distinctive multifocal VM directly induced
      cardiovascular micro-V lesions that probably contributed to their excessive
      mortality. Because several human idiopathic diseases develop similar
      cardiovascular lesions a TEM search for VM parasitized leucocytes in those human
      diseases seems justified.

PMID- 3377966
TI  - Elevation of cathepsin L levels in the synovial lining of rabbits with antigen
      induced arthritis.
AB  - The activity and distribution of the collagenolytic lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin
      L, has been assessed in the synovial lining of the rabbit during the initiation
      and development of chronic (antigen-induced) arthritis. Biochemical assay of
      homogenates of synovial lining revealed a marked increase in the activity of
      lysosomal enzymes, including cathepsin L, between 1 and 5 days following
      initiation of arthritis. Elevated levels of these enzymes were still present at 4
      weeks duration of arthritis. Using a monospecific antibody to cathepsin L. enzyme
      was immunolocated only in synovial lining cells in normal joints. In arthritic
      joints the enzyme was found in synovial lining cells, synovial fibroblasts and in
      infiltrating macrophages. Measurement, by scanning and integrating
      microdensitometry, of the peroxidase-reaction product in synovial lining cells
      revealed an increased content of cathepsin L in these cells in the diseased
      tissues.

PMID- 3377967
TI  - Protection of platelet-activating factor-induced acute renal failure by BN 52021.
AB  - Although platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a well-known mediator in
      experimental shock, its precise role in acute renal failure remains to be
      defined. Male Wistar rats (209 +/- 12 g) were placed in individual metabolic
      cages for 24 h before i.v. injection of PAF (2-6 micrograms/kg). Injection of 6
      micrograms/kg PAF proved lethal and use of such a high dose was thus
      discontinued. Administration of 2 micrograms/kg and 4 micrograms/kg PAF resulted
      in a fall of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) associated with a reduction in
      urinary flow rate (UFR). Rats pretreated with BN 52021 (25 mg/kg p.o.) exhibited
      values of GFR similar to that of the control group, but not after 4 micrograms/kg
      PAF. In addition, in the group of BN 52021 pretreated rats and injected with 2
      micrograms/kg or 4 micrograms/kg PAF, UFR was not significantly different from
      that of the control group at 24 h. Examination by electron microscopy revealed
      the presence of platelets in the glomeruli, as well as loss of fixed anionic
      charges in PAF injected rats. The presence of these platelets was not observed in
      rats treated with BN 52021 and injected with PAF. No changes in GFR and UFR were
      observed at 6 h or 24 h in vehicle or BN 52021 treated rats. Thus, BN 52021 which
      affords protection against acute renal failure induced by PAF may be of
      therapeutic value in other types of kidney disease in which this mediator is
      active.

PMID- 3377968
TI  - Increased serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen in pemphigus.
AB  - Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC-RAG) were measured
      in five cases of pemphigus, five cases of bullous pemphigoid and 18 cases of
      benign and malignant dermatoses other than SCC. The SCC-RAG titres were
      significantly raised in four of five patients with pemphigus, while they remained
      within the normal range in the other dermatoses except in one case. In three
      pemphigus cases in whom serial measurements were made, SCC-RAG levels seemed to
      be related to disease activity. The SCC-RAG levels in blister fluids were much
      higher than those in serum, suggesting that the skin is a major source of serum
      SCC-RAG. These results show that SCC-RAG is increased not only in SCC, but also
      in some cases of pemphigus, and suggest that pemphigus antibodies may cause the
      production or release of SCC-RAG.

PMID- 3377969
TI  - Effect of BN 52021, a platelet activating factor antagonist, on experimental
      murine contact dermatitis.
AB  - A specific platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, BN 52021, was
      tested for its efficacy in modulating DNFB-induced allergic and croton oil
      induced irritant contact dermatitis in mouse ears. Oral treatment of the animals
      in the elicitation phase of the dermatitis caused a significant suppression of
      DNFB-induced ear swelling. The compound was less active in croton oil-induced
      irritant dermatitis and ineffective when given during the sensitization phase of
      allergic dermatitis. The results provide indirect evidence for the involvement of
      PAF in the effector phase of murine contact dermatitis of the allergic type and
      also the irritant type to a lesser extent.

PMID- 3377970
TI  - A closer look at Pthirus pubis.

PMID- 3377971
TI  - Self help groups for patients with chronic skin diseases.

PMID- 3377972
TI  - Permeation of nickel through human skin in vitro--effect of vehicles.
AB  - The effect of the vehicle on the permeation rate of nickel ions through excised
      human skin was evaluated. Different hydrogels were compared with the standard
      patch test in petrolatum. A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel seemed to be the
      most promising alternative to petrolatum. It gave high bioavailability of the
      nickel and had good film forming properties leaving the nickel spread across the
      skin surface as a thin film without microscopically detectable crystals. The
      content of nickel in the various skin layers after cutaneous application was
      determined, and nickel was found to accumulate in the epidermis, probably due to
      epidermal binding. A significant amount of nickel was found also in the dermis.
      Occlusion and application of higher nickel concentrations increased the transport
      rate and must be considered in patch testing using this hydrogel. We conclude
      that nickel permeation is highly dependent of the choice of vehicle and the
      vehicle should, therefore, be an important consideration in patch testing with
      nickel.

PMID- 3377973
TI  - The effect of the vehicle formulation on the stratum corneum penetration
      characteristics of clobetasol 17-propionate in vivo.
AB  - The multiple skin surface biopsy technique to measure stratum corneum (SC)
      penetration characteristics in vivo has been more accurately quantified and used
      to provide information on the kinetics of transfer of a topical steroid through
      the SC. Radiolabelled clobetasol 17-propionate formulated in two different
      vehicles, consisting primarily of dibutyl adipate or of propylene glycol, was
      applied and the penetration characteristics compared. Using exponential
      expressions for radioactivity in skin surface biopsies as a function of SC depth,
      and total SC radioactivity as a function of time, a mathematical model was
      developed to calculate the rate of loss of steroid through superficial shedding
      and the rate of transfer of steroid from the SC into the epidermis. When a
      topical steroid was applied for 8 h under gauze occlusion, over 80% was recovered
      from the gauze.

PMID- 3377974
TI  - Monochloroacetic acid and 60% salicylic acid as a treatment for simple plantar
      warts: effectiveness and mode of action.
AB  - Monochloroacetic acid crystals and 60% salicylic acid ointment was found to be
      more effective than placebo as a treatment for simple plantar warts in a double
      blind study on 57 patients. Nineteen (66%) patients in the active treatment group
      compared with five (18%) patients in the placebo group were cured after 6 weeks
      (P = 0.002). The active treatment was associated with a significantly higher cure
      rate 6 months after entry (P = 0.04). Treatments were well tolerated. IgG or IgM
      antibodies or both to human papilloma virus (HPV) types 1 or 2 or both were
      detected significantly more frequently in the actively treated group 6 weeks
      after entry (P = 0.0005). Twelve (50%) patients considered to be cured had no
      detectable secondary immune response. Our results suggest that cure does not
      depend primarily on the humoral system but rather on mechanical destruction of
      wart tissue, or occurs as a result of cell mediated immunity.

PMID- 3377975
TI  - Acute psoriasis associated with Lancefield Group C and Group G cutaneous
      streptococcal infections.
AB  - Involvement of Streptococcus pyogenes (beta haemolytic streptococcus, Lancefield
      Group A) infection, usually of the throat, in acute exacerbations of psoriasis is
      well known. We report here two cases of an acute psoriatic eruption associated in
      one patient with Group C streptococcal cellulitis and in another with Group G
      streptococcal intertrigo.

PMID- 3377977
TI  - A disposable tip for the Birtcher Hyfrector.

PMID- 3377976
TI  - Recurrent solitary giant trichoepithelioma located in the perianal area; a case
      report.
AB  - A case of giant solitary trichoepithelioma of the perianal region is described.
      Following excision the lesion recurred with a similar histological appearance.
      This is the first report, to our knowledge, of recurrence of such a lesion.

PMID- 3377978
TI  - Flow cytometric comparison of keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3377979
TI  - Sweat pores on fingertips.

PMID- 3377980
TI  - Expression of involucrin in skin appendage tumours.

PMID- 3377981
TI  - PMN migration in psoriasis.

PMID- 3377982
TI  - Unilateral hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 3377983
TI  - Endogenous erythroid clones (EEC) in polycythaemia and their relationship to
      diagnosis and the response to treatment.
AB  - The growth in culture of circulating erythroid progenitors (BFU-e) from 34
      patients with erythrocytosis was evaluated together with the clinical and bone
      marrow features at presentation and the subsequent response to treatment. Clonal
      erythroid growth in vitro in the absence of added erythropoietin (EEC) was
      observed in 17/18 patients with clinically unequivocal polycythaemia vera and in
      these patients bone marrow morphology was also abnormal. EEC were also present in
      three out of five patients with only a single minor criterion of that disease but
      none of the 11 patients without major or minor criteria or evidence of secondary
      polycythaemia were EEC positive. This group had a very low incidence of bone
      marrow abnormalities, was probably heterogenous in nature and included two
      patients with elevated serum immunoreactive erythropoietin of unknown cause. The
      reduction in haematocrit following treatment was assessed in EEC positive and
      negative patients and was found to be inferior in those lacking EEC. Thus both
      the poor therapeutic response and the low incidence of bone marrow abnormalities
      in patients lacking any other clinical features of polycythaemia vera correlated
      closely with the absence of EEC in in vitro culture. Myeloproliferative disorder
      may therefore be an unlikely cause of the erythrocytosis in such individuals.

PMID- 3377984
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase positive precursors of adipocytes in the human bone marrow.
AB  - Developing fat cells in the bone marrow of leukaemic patients treated with
      chemotherapy were found to be endowed with membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase.
      Since alkaline phosphatase is a cytochemical marker of 'reticular' cells, this
      observation provides cytochemical evidence that reticular cells may convert to
      adipocytes when marrow cellularity abruptly decreases.

PMID- 3377985
TI  - IgG subclass identification of inhibitors to factor IX in haemophilia B patients.
AB  - Inhibitors to factor IX in haemophilia B are IgG antibodies. It is of interest to
      know the subclass type of these antibodies since the biological activity of the
      four IgG subclasses are different. Subclass identification has been difficult due
      to the lack of specific antibodies to IgG subclasses. Monoclonal hybridoma
      antibodies to these subclasses are now available. Here we present the results on
      the subclass identification of inhibitors from six patients with severe
      haemophilia B (titres 0.8-800 mu/ml). Plasma from one patient was obtained before
      inhibitor could be detected by coagulation assays. He had circulating complexes
      between factor IX and inhibitor. The technique used was crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis combined with an enzyme-linked immunoassay. This technique
      allows the subclass determination of both low-titre and high-titre inhibitors.
      All inhibitors gave a very strong reaction with antibody to IgG4, and four
      inhibitors also reacted with antibody to IgG1. Three of these inhibitors gave a
      faint reaction with antibody to IgG2 also, whereas no inhibitor contained any
      detectable IgG3. The finding of IgG4 as the main subclass is important since IgG4
      antibodies do not bind complement. The presence of more than one subclass in the
      inhibitors demonstrates the heterogeneous nature of the inhibitors. This was
      demonstrated also at a stage of inhibitor development when the inhibitor could
      not be detected by coagulation assay.

PMID- 3377986
TI  - Four base-pair DNA deletion in human A gamma globin-gene promoter associated with
      low A gamma expression in adults.
AB  - Fetal haemoglobin (alpha 2 gamma 2) is predominant in red cells of the fetus and
      newborn baby, and is largely replaced after birth by adult haemoglobin (alpha 2
      beta 2). The two types of gamma chains (A gamma and G gamma) are generally less
      than 1% of total beta-like chain in adults, and the G gamma: A gamma ratio is
      typically 40:60. Higher G gamma values (greater than 50% of gamma chain) are
      frequently associated with a T for C nucleotide substitution 158 base pairs 5' of
      the G gamma Cap site (-158). The first exception to this rule was a beta o
      thalassaemia in a Black family that was associated with about 60% G gamma in
      heterozygotes. A DNA fragment containing the G gamma and A gamma genes of the
      high G gamma haplotype of this case has now been cloned. DNA sequencing from -383
      to the Cap site showed no differences from normal for the G gamma gene, except
      for C at -158. For the A gamma gene, however, a deletion of four base pairs
      (AGCA) at -222 to -225 was found. It is hypothesized that this deletion causes
      reduced A gamma globin gene expression in adults, which suggests that promoter
      elements important for the regulation of fetal haemoglobin expression in adults
      extend upstream at least to -225.

PMID- 3377987
TI  - Haemoglobin M-Hyde Park associated with polyagglutinable red blood cells in a
      South African family.
AB  - Twelve of 35 members tested in a large ethnically-mixed South African family were
      found to have both haemoglobin M type Hyde Park and persistent polyagglutinable
      red blood cells. The characteristics of the polyagglutination have not been
      recorded previously. The cells of affected family members were not agglutinated
      by Arachis hypogea, Dolichos biflorus or Salvia sclarea, but were agglutinated
      weakly by Salvia horminum and BSII (GSII) and reacted strongly with Glycine soja
      and Sophora japonica lectins. BSI (GSI) lectin agglutinated the group A but not
      the group O cells. The N and MN cells were agglutinated more strongly than normal
      by Vicia graminea, other anti-N lectins and human anti-N but the M and MN cells
      reacted as expected with human anti-M. The name 'Hyde Park' is provisionally
      suggested for this type of polyagglutination, although it appears unlikely that
      the evidently complete association between the polyagglutination and the variant
      haemoglobin is the result of a single genetic mutation. More likely, the
      connection has a post-genetic origin, perhaps showing that bonds, possibly
      affected adversely by precocious senescence, normally occur between the
      haemoglobin and alpha-sialoglycoprotein molecules in red blood cells.

PMID- 3377988
TI  - Effect of red cell age on vesiculation in vitro.
AB  - Microvesiculation of RBC occurs in vivo and during in vitro storage. Vesiculation
      of young and old populations of RBC was measured under blood bank conditions. The
      RBC in whole units of blood were divided by density into two approximately equal
      fractions in a closed system. After storage for 35 d the haemoglobin-containing
      vesicles were quantitatively recovered. Quantitation of protein, cholesterol and
      phospholipids showed significantly larger amounts in the vesicles shed by the
      younger RBC. Otherwise vesicles shed by the two populations of RBC did not
      differ.

PMID- 3377990
TI  - Carrier mediated iron transport through erythroid cell membrane.
AB  - The transport of iron through erythroid cell membrane was studied in a model
      system, measuring ferrous iron uptake by reticulocytes. It was found that these
      cells were able to take up ferrous iron and to incorporate it into haem at a rate
      similar to that observed when diferric transferrin was the iron donor. No
      comparable iron uptake could be measured when the metal was provided as Fe3+
      citrate or when reticulocytes were replaced by mature erythrocytes. The
      involvement of endogenous transferrin in the Fe2+ uptake by reticulocytes could
      be excluded, since proteolytic treatment of the cells had no significant effect
      on the process. Fe2+ uptake by reticulocytes followed saturation kinetics,
      characteristic to carrier mediated transport processes. Kinetic analysis of the
      data revealed the following apparent transport parameters: Km = 8.8 +/- 3.8
      microM; Vmax = 1.1 +/- 0.2 ng/10(8) reticulocytes/min. These results indicate
      that a high affinity, carrier mediated iron transport system is present in the
      reticulocyte membrane, ensuring the efficient translocation of the metal through
      the membrane barrier between the site of its release from transferrin and the
      site of its utilization.

PMID- 3377989
TI  - Carbimazole-induced immune haemolytic anaemia: role of drug-red blood cell
      complexes for immunization.
AB  - We report on a patient who developed acute intravascular immune haemolysis while
      receiving carbimazole. Serological studies revealed a strongly (3+) and a
      discretely positive (1+) direct antiglobulin test due to C3d and IgG
      respectively, and a very weak IgG autoantibody in the eluates. Serum from the
      patient contained specific carbimazole-dependent red blood cell (RBC) antibodies
      which reacted with all normal human RBC in the presence of free carbimazole as
      well as with RBC coated with the drug either in vitro or in vivo, although
      carbimazole itself is not detectable in plasma after oral administration. The
      results provide direct evidence for the sequence of the drug-RBC-antibody
      interaction and show that the RBC (and not plasma proteins) function as 'carrier
      like' macromolecules in the immune response.

PMID- 3377991
TI  - Basophil count in samples from chronic leukaemia patients analysed by the
      automated flow cytochemistry technology.

PMID- 3377992
TI  - Ferritin-binding proteins in serum.

PMID- 3377993
TI  - Pre-transfusion non-invasive quality assessment of stored platelet concentrates.

PMID- 3377995
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at a one-day scientific meeting of the British
      Society for Haematology. London, 8 January 1988.

PMID- 3377994
TI  - Non-immune nature of anaemia in HIV infection.

PMID- 3377996
TI  - Incidence of cancer among welders, platers, machinists, and pipe fitters in
      shipyards and machine shops.
AB  - The incidence of cancer in 12,693 shipyard and machine shop male workers (1689
      welders, 4308 platers, 6003 machinists, 693 pipe fitters) employed for at least
      one year between 1945 and 1960 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study.
      The welders had welded only mild steel and had not been exposed to hexavalent
      chromium containing fume. The follow up was 99.7% complete and the total number
      of person-years was 304,682. The incidence of cancer in 1953-81 was ascertained
      through the Finnish Cancer Registry. The observed numbers of cases of cancer were
      compared with the expected numbers based on regional urban rates. The smoking
      habits of the cohort were surveyed with a postal questionnaire sent to a sample
      of 961 workers. The smoking habits of the cohorts were similar and smoking was
      not more common than among the general population. The total number of cases of
      cancer was 611 (exp 629) among the shipyard workers and 376 (exp 388) among the
      machine shop workers. The incidence of lung cancer was increased among the
      shipyard workers (obs 227, exp 192). This excess was observed in all the worker
      groups and was most evident for the pipe fitters and platers. Among the machine
      shop workers, the incidence of lung cancer was lower than expected with the
      exception of the welders who had a slightly raised risk of lung cancer (obs 14,
      exp 10). The incidence of laryngeal cancer was slightly raised among the shipyard
      workers (obs 24, exp 20) but not in the machine shop workers. No excess risk was
      observed among the welders. The incidence of cancer of the prostate was increased
      among the machine shop workers (obs 39, exp 31) but not in the shipyard workers.
      The excess was statistically significant for the welders. No pronounced excess
      could be found for other types of cancer. Analysis by the duration or exposure
      showed that the excess of lung cancer in the shipyard workers was most evident
      during the last period of observation (1972-81). No other trends were obvious and
      the slight excess of lung cancer observed among the welders did not increase with
      increasing follow up time. No excess risk for mesothelioma was found. The small
      excess of lung cancer in welders could be due to chance. The fact that only a
      small and statistically insignificant excess of lung cancer could be found among
      this group of heavily exposed welders suggest that if the risk of lung cancer was
      associated with welding this risk must nowadays be low and probably too low to be
      unequivocally detected in most epidemiological studies.

PMID- 3377998
TI  - Occupational associations of testicular cancer in south east England.
AB  - The relation of occupation to the risk of testicular cancer was investigated in a
      case-control study using data from the files of the South Thames Cancer Registry.
      Risks by age and histology subdivisions of the tumour were investigated since
      there is epidemiological evidence of differences in aetiology between these
      subdivisions but no previous systematic study of occupational risks by age and
      histology. Analyses were conducted comparing 1605 cases of testicular cancer
      incident in the region during 1958-77 with 7187 controls selected from other
      cancers incident in men in the region during the same period. The greatest risks
      of testicular cancer overall were for administrators and managers, sales workers,
      professional and allied workers, electrical workers, and clerical workers; these
      occupations were generally also at high risk of subdivisions of the tumour age
      and histology. Risk of testicular cancer overall and in each age and histology
      subgroup was greater in men of high than of low occupation based social class.
      Occupations with high risk of testicular cancer for their social class are of
      particular interest for further investigation of possible occupational risk
      factors; occupations with this characteristic for testicular cancer overall or in
      subdivisions in the present and some previous data are farmers, electrical
      workers, and paper and printing workers.

PMID- 3377997
TI  - Decline in the lung cancer hazard: a prospective study of the mortality of iron
      ore miners in Cumbria.
AB  - The mortality of 1947 Cumbrian iron ore miners has been studied over the period
      1939-82 in relation to that among other groups of men in England and Wales: (a)
      all men, (b) men of similar social class, and (c) men living in similar types of
      (mainly rural) area. Significant excesses were found for deaths from tuberculosis
      and respiratory diseases compared with each of the reference populations. Lung
      cancer showed an excess over that in comparable (mainly rural) areas of England
      and Wales, as reported in a previous study using a proportionate method of
      analysis and which covered the period 1948-67 but no appreciable excess after
      1967. Reasons for this decline are discussed.

PMID- 3377999
TI  - Occupational risk factors of lung cancer in a French case-control study.
AB  - A case-control study of 1625 histologically confirmed cases of lung cancer and
      3091 controls matched for sex, age, hospital admission, and interviewer was
      conducted in France between 1976 and 1980. The results presented concern the
      effects of different occupations on the occurrence of lung cancer among 1334 male
      cases and 2409 matched controls. Occupations were coded blindly according to the
      International Standard Classification of Occupations. An excess risk of lung
      cancer was observed for the following occupations after adjustment for cigarette
      exposure: farmers (RR = 1.24, p less than 0.06), miners and quarrymen (RR = 2.14,
      p less than 0.02), plumbers and pipe fitters (RR = 1.80, p less than 0.04), motor
      vehicle drivers (RR = 1.42, p less than 0.01).

PMID- 3378000
TI  - A proportionate mortality ratio analysis of pulp and paper mill workers in New
      Hampshire.
AB  - A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis of 1071 deaths in pulp and paper
      mill workers in New Hampshire during 1975-85 showed an increase in cancers of the
      digestive tract and lymphopoietic tissues. A similar analysis of deaths for 452
      timber cutters and loggers failed to show excess PMRs for cancers of these sites.
      Despite methodological constraints, these results suggest that one or more of the
      exposures experienced by pulp and paper mill workers may pose a significant
      carcinogenic risk. More definitive epidemiological studies are required to
      determine particular high risk processes or specific aetiological agents.

PMID- 3378001
TI  - Respiratory symptoms in West Sussex firemen.
AB  - There are few reports of long term follow up of symptoms in firemen. In a four
      year study of symptoms in a group of 96 firemen (31 non-smokers, 40 smokers, and
      25 ex-smokers) of which 89 remained in the study for its full duration a
      volunteer control group of 69 male non-smokers from a variety of occupations was
      also followed up. A history of symptoms and of smoking habits was obtained on
      entry to the study, then every six months for two years, and annually for a
      further two years. All those remaining in the study after four years were
      interviewed and a history of their use of breathing apparatus and of being
      affected by smoke and fumes was obtained. Symptom frequency was least in control
      subjects, intermediate in non-smokers and ex-smokers, and most in smokers. Before
      the study period (history obtained at the first session) smoking increased
      symptoms 3.9 times and being affected by smoke in the past increased symptoms 2.3
      times, compared with non-smokers who had not been affected by smoke. In smokers
      who had also been affected by smoke symptoms increased by 9.1 times, suggesting a
      multiplicative effect. During the study period symptom frequency was increased
      about 4.4 times in smokers and 5.7 times in those who had been affected by smoke
      at work in the past compared with non-smokers who had not been affected by smoke.
      In smokers who had also been affected by smoke symptom frequency increased by 7.4
      times, the combined effects of the two types of smoker being less than additive.
      These results suggest that being affected by smoke and fumes at work may be a
      cause of long term symptoms in firemen. In firemen who are non-smokers and who
      had not been affected by smoke symptom frequency was similar to that observed in
      the control subjects. Thus the current routine use of breathing apparatus appears
      to be effective in preventing long term symptoms.

PMID- 3378002
TI  - Biological monitoring of workers exposed to benzene in the coke oven industry.
AB  - Workers in the coke oven industry are potentially exposed to low concentrations
      of benzene. There is a need to establish a well validated biological monitoring
      procedure for low level benzene exposure. The use of breath and blood benzene and
      urinary phenol has been explored in conjunction with personal monitoring data. At
      exposures of about 1 ppm benzene, urinary phenol is of no value as an indicator
      of uptake/exposure. Benzene in blood was measured by head space gas
      chromatography but the concentrations were only just above the detection limit.
      The determination of breath benzene collected before the next shift is non
      specific in the case of smokers. The most useful monitor at low concentrations
      appears to be breath benzene measured at the end-of-shift.

PMID- 3378003
TI  - Experimental study on the metabolism of triethylamine in man.
AB  - Five healthy volunteers were exposed by inhalation to triethylamine (TEA; four or
      eight hours at about 10, 20, 35, and 50 mg/m3), a compound widely used as a
      curing agent in polyurethane systems. Analysis of plasma and urine showed that an
      average of 24% of the TEA was biotransformed into triethylamine-N-oxide (TEAO)
      but with a wide interindividual variation (15-36%). The TEA and TEAO were
      quantitatively eliminated in the urine. The plasma and urinary concentrations of
      TEA and TEAO decreased rapidly after the end of exposure (average half time of
      TEA was 3.2 h). There was an excellent association between air levels of TEA and
      the urinary concentrations in samples obtained within two hours of the end of
      exposure. Thus the urinary level of TEA taken in this period is useful as a
      biological monitoring of exposure. An air concentration of 10 mg/m3 corresponds
      to an average urinary concentration of about 40 mmol/mol creatinine (at sedentary
      work).

PMID- 3378004
TI  - Effects of methyl isocyanate on rat muscle cells in culture.
AB  - Since the Bhopal disaster, in which the causal agent was methyl isocyanate (MIC),
      exposed people have complained of various disorders including neuromuscular
      dysfunction. In an attempt to gain some information about the response of muscle
      tissue to MIC its effects were investigated in cells in culture isolated from
      muscle of 2 day old rats. After treatment with a range of MIC concentrations
      (0.025-0.5 microliter/5 ml culture) the total number of nuclei of the two main
      cell types (fibroblasts and myoblasts) and the number of nuclei in muscle fibres
      (myotubes) were recorded. At lower doses which had little effect on the total
      number of nuclei, the formation of muscle fibres--that is, fusion of muscle cells
      -was prevented as the proportion of nuclei in myotubes was decreased. At higher
      doses both cell types were killed. This would suggest either an effect on muscle
      differentiation or a selective toxicity towards myoblasts. The observations were
      supported by light and electron microscopy.

PMID- 3378005
TI  - Occupational risks for male breast cancer in Sweden.

PMID- 3378006
TI  - Occupational tarsal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 3378007
TI  - Investigating dose response relations in occupational mortality studies:
      something to keep in mind.

PMID- 3378008
TI  - Projection of asbestos related diseases in the United States, 1985-2009. I.
      Cancer.
AB  - Projections of asbestos associated cancer mortality in the United States during
      the 25 year period 1985-2009 were made based on previously published estimates.
      These estimates were reviewed for malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, and
      gastrointestinal cancers. Particular attention was given to the assumptions used
      in the original derivation of the estimates. For malignant mesothelioma
      mortality, previous estimates ranged from 15,500 to 300,000. Using recently
      published data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results project,
      coupled with the previously published estimates, projected asbestos related
      malignant mesothelioma mortality in the United States for the period 1985-2009
      was estimated to be 21,500. For lung cancer, previous estimates were reviewed,
      particularly with regard to the ratio of deaths from lung cancer to deaths from
      malignant mesothelioma. Using these ratios, a range of projected deaths was
      established and a median of those estimates used as a project, which was 76,700
      such deaths in the United States between 1985 and 2009. Gastrointestinal cancer
      mortality has been projected by only three investigators. A median of those
      estimates (33,000) was used. In conclusion it is estimated that 131,200 deaths
      from asbestos associated cancer will occur in the United States between 1985 and
      2009.

PMID- 3378009
TI  - Correlation between fibre content of the lung and disease in east London asbestos
      factory workers.
AB  - The lungs from 36 past workers at an east London asbestos factory who had died
      from asbestos related disease were compared with lung tissue from 56 matched
      control patients being operated on in east London for carcinoma of the lung,
      correlating the severity of asbestosis and the presence of pulmonary carcinoma or
      mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum with an asbestos exposure index and type
      and amount of mineral fibre in the lungs. Asbestosis was associated with far
      heavier fibre burdens than mesothelioma. There was also a striking difference in
      the degree of asbestosis between the subjects with mesothelioma and those with
      carcinoma of the lung, the asbestosis being more severe in the latter. A further
      finding was that crocidolite and amosite were strongly associated with
      asbestosis, carcinoma of the lung complicating asbestosis, and mesothelioma,
      whereas no such correlation was evident with chrysotile or mullite. It is
      suggested that more emphasis should be placed on the biological differences
      between amphibole and serpentine asbestos fibre.

PMID- 3378011
TI  - Small opacities among dental laboratory technicians in Copenhagen.
AB  - After a case of advanced pneumoconiosis occurred in a dental laboratory
      technician, 31 other dental technicians and 30 control subjects controlled for
      smoking habits, sex, and age were investigated. More technicians (55%) than
      controls (30%) had at least grade 1 dyspnoea (p greater than 0.05). Multiple
      regression analysis showed that 13 technicians who had produced dental prostheses
      for at least 15 years had consistently lower lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC,
      MEF50, and DCO single breath), although the differences were not statistically
      significant. All mean lung function values for technicians and controls were
      within normal limits. Increases in MEF50 after breathing 80% helium and 20% O2
      failed to show small airways dysfunction among the technicians. Of the six with
      radiological pneumoconiosis (5 simple, 1 advanced) four had symptoms. All three
      biopsy specimens showed varying degrees of pulmonary fibrosis. DCO single breath
      was diminished in four of the six. One male dental technician had scleroderma and
      possibly Erasmus syndrome. Blind readings showed an increased number of
      suspicious chest x rays films (greater than or equal to category 0/1) among older
      smokers and ex-smokers (p = 0.013) regardless of occupation. Our results support
      other evidence that dental technicians are at risk of developing pneumoconiosis.
      Therefore, adequate hygienic control of dental laboratories is indicated.

PMID- 3378010
TI  - Development of silicotic lesions in the lungs of rats pre-exposed to coal fly
      ash.
AB  - The development of silicotic lesions was studied in the lungs of rats pre-exposed
      to a pulmonary load of coal fly ash. Exposure to quartz alone increased the wet
      weight, dry weight, and collagen content of the lungs. These changes were
      associated with an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, total
      proteins, and the cellularity of bronchoalveolar lavage. When the lungs of rats
      were pre-exposed to coal fly ash for 60 days and then exposed to quartz dust for
      periods similar to those used for exposure to quartz alone, the development of
      silicotic lesions and the laying down of collagen fibres was retarded, as judged
      by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis of the tissues for
      hydroxyproline contents. These changes in the lung tissue were associated with a
      significant reduction in the level of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity,
      total cell counts, and protein contents of the bronchoalveolar lavage derived
      from rats exposed to quartz.

PMID- 3378012
TI  - Low prevalence of byssinotic symptoms in 12 flax scutching mills in Normandy,
      France.
AB  - The concentrations of airborne dust and bacteria were determined in 12 flax
      scutching mills and in two milk processing plants in Normandy, France. A total of
      308 of 340 flax workers and 111 of 113 milk processors volunteered to answer a
      respiratory questionnaire. Personal exposure to airborne dust in the scutching
      mills varied from 22.2 mg/m3 to 144 mg/m3 and areal concentrations from 8.92
      mg/m3 to 47.1 mg/m3. The concentration of Gram negative bacteria ranged from 3970
      (colony forming units) cfu/m3 to 67,900 cfu/m3 and that of total bacteria from
      12,900 cfu/m3 to more than 600,000 cfu/m3. In all, 20% of the flax scutchers were
      found, on the basis of the questionnaire, to suffer from persistent cough and 25%
      from chronic phlegm production. The corresponding figures among milk processors
      were 3.6% and 4.5%. Unexpectedly, only 12.5% of the scutchers appeared to suffer
      from byssinotic symptoms even though they were heavily exposed to airborne dust
      and bacteria. The low prevalence of byssinosis might be due to self selection of
      the workforce or a relatively low concentration of the causative agent despite
      high airborne contamination.

PMID- 3378013
TI  - Occupational risks of sinonasal cancer in Denmark.
AB  - A new comprehensive data linkage system for the detailed investigation of
      occupational cancer has been established in the Danish Cancer Registry, providing
      employment histories back to 1964. All 382 cases of cancers of the sinonasal
      cavities diagnosed between 1970 and 1984 and kept on file in this data linkage
      system were analysed using standardised proportional incidence ratios (SPIR) to
      screen for industrial high risk areas for these malignancies in Denmark. Excess
      risks were confirmed among men and women employed in the manufacture of footwear
      and other leather products and of wooden furniture. No risk significantly above
      expectancy was observed among wood workers outside the furniture making industry.
      Excess risks were also seen among men in all areas of basic metal industries
      (SPIR = 184-562) and in a subset of workers in industries producing metal
      containers (SPIR = 329-600). Most unexpected were raised risks among employees of
      both sexes in making cocoa, chocolate, and sugar confectionery (SPIR = 535 for
      men and 860 for women); these, in combination with the observed risks among
      female employees in canning and preserving fruits and vegetables (SPIR = 778) and
      in farming (SPIR = 735) may point to a common aetiology. The obscuring effect of
      mass significance may, however, be another explanation. The new associations
      discovered in this large scale linkage study must therefore await further
      confirmation.

PMID- 3378014
TI  - Headaches in civil servants: effect on work and leisure.
AB  - Headaches in a group of civil servants and their effects on work and leisure
      activities, the medication taken, and numbers consulting their general
      practitioners during a year were assessed by a self administered questionnaire
      sent to 1000 civil servants in sections of a government department in London. The
      response rate was 74.7%. Altogether 77% of the respondents reported having had
      headaches in the previous 12 months. There was a higher prevalence in women (88%)
      than men (70%) and a significant decrease with increasing age. Women also had
      more frequent and severe headaches than men: 34% reported that headaches had
      interfered with work, either by impaired performance, making them leave work
      early, or by stopping them coming into work. About half of those who reported
      having severe headaches denied that they had affected their work, indicating
      difficulty in interpreting the term "severe." Nevertheless, 22% said that
      headaches interfered with their leisure activities as well as work which may be
      regarded as further evidence that the condition was truly disabling. Eighty per
      cent of those with headaches took medication, but within the past year only 11%
      had consulted their general practitioner and only 2.2% had been referred for
      further specialist opinion. Of the 22% who had not had a headache during the
      previous 12 months, 5.6% had never had a headache. In this group there was a
      larger proportion of men, a higher proportion with increasing age, and a higher
      proportion in non-desk working grades. Differentiation of the causes of headaches
      was not attempted in this survey but it is concluded that the extent to which
      they interfere with work and leisure is an important guide to their severity. It
      is suggested that the occupational health services may have an important role in
      assessing the causes of headaches and instituting preventive measures that
      benefit both the worker and industry.

PMID- 3378015
TI  - Determination of the distribution of nerve conduction velocities in chain saw
      operators.
AB  - By measuring the distribution of conduction velocities (DCV) in sensory fibres of
      the median nerve, the effects of local vibration on all faster and slower large
      myelinated nerve fibres were examined in 10 male chain saw operators (three
      operators had frequent attacks of white finger; the attacks were only occasional
      in four and negative in three). All parameters of DCV, and conventional sensory
      nerve conduction velocity were significantly slowed in the chain saw operators.
      It is suggested that local vibration affects the faster and slower nerve fibres;
      parameters of the DCV are sensitive indicators of both the neurological and
      vascular effects.

PMID- 3378016
TI  - Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene by analysis of breath and
      blood.
AB  - Benzene exposure of chemical workers was studied, during the entire workshift, by
      continuous monitoring of workplace benzene concentration, and 16 hours after the
      end of the workshift by the measurement of alveolar and blood benzene
      concentrations and excretion of urinary phenol. Exposure of hospital staff was
      studied by measuring benzene concentrations in the alveolar and blood samples
      collected during the hospital workshift. Instantaneous environmental air samples
      were also collected, at the moment of the biological sampling, for all the
      subjects tested. A group of 34 chemical workers showed an eight hour exposure to
      benzene, as a geometric mean, of 1.12 micrograms/l which corresponded, 16 hours
      after the end of the workshift, to a geometric mean benzene concentration of 70
      ng/l in the alveolar air and 597 ng/l in the blood. Another group of 27 chemical
      workers (group A) turned out to be exposed to an indeterminable eight hour
      exposure to benzene that corresponded, the morning after, to a geometric mean
      benzene concentration of 28 ng/l in the alveolar air and 256 ng/l in the blood.
      The group of hospital staff (group B) had a benzene concentration of 14 ng/l in
      the alveolar air and 269 ng/l in the blood. Instantaneous environmental samples
      showed that in the infirmaries the geometric mean benzene concentration was 58
      ng/l during the examination of the 34 chemical workers, 36 ng/l during the
      examination of the 27 chemical workers (group A), and 5 ng/l during the
      examination of the 19 subjects of the hospital staff (group B). Statistical
      analysis showed that the alveolar and blood benzene concentrations in the 34
      workers exposed to 1.12 microgram/l of benzene differed significantly from those
      in groups A and B. It was found, moreover, that the alveolar and blood benzene
      concentrations were higher in the smokers in groups A and B but not in the
      smokers in the group of 34 chemical workers. The slope of the linear correlation
      between the alveolar and the instantaneous environmental benzene concentrations
      suggested a benzene alveolar retention of about 55%. Blood and alveolar benzene
      concentrations showed a highly significant correlation and the blood/air
      partition coefficient, obtained from the slope of the regression line, was 7.4.
      In the group of the 34 chemical workers no correlation was found between the TWA
      benzene exposure and the urinary phenol excretion.

PMID- 3378017
TI  - Mutagenic activity and metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to
      trinitrotoluene (TNT).
AB  - Urine samples taken after work and after a free weekend from 50 workers employed
      in various activities in a chemical plant manufacturing explosives were analysed.
      On the basis of hygienic surveys, the subjects were divided into three categories
      of exposure to trinitrotoluene (TNT). The urine analyses consisted of gas
      chromatographic identification of TNT and its two metabolites, 4-ADNT and 2-ADNT,
      and a determination of the mutagenic activity. Two frame shift detector strains
      of Salmonella typhimurium were used, TA 98 and TA 98 NR, the latter being
      deficient in endogenous nitroreductase activity. On the basis of previous results
      on TNT mutagenicity, no exogeneous metabolic system was used to test the urine
      concentrates. Both tester strains showed that the mean urinary mutagenic activity
      was higher in the after work samples than in post weekend samples from the same
      subjects, showing that bacterial nitroreductase activity was not significantly
      responsible for the mutagenicity, although the response was higher with strain TA
      98 than with TA 98 NR. The interindividual variation in urine mutagenicity was
      high, however, and the difference between the two sampling times was
      statistically significant (p less than 0.05) only for the high exposed group
      (workers in trotyl foundry and sieve house). Correlation between urinary
      mutagenicity and concentration of TNT in urine was poor; correlation was
      significant only with the urinary concentration of 4-ADNT. The correlation
      between urinary TNT and both metabolites was good (p less than 0.001). These
      results suggest that analysis of 4-ADNT in urine would be a sufficient biological
      measure for controlling exposure to TNT.

PMID- 3378018
TI  - Two cases of primary bilateral malignant melanoma of the choroid.
AB  - The first two Swedish cases of primary bilateral malignant melanoma of the
      choroid are presented. In one case bilateral histological confirmation was
      obtained as both eyes were enucleated. In the other case one eye was enucleated
      and the other irradiated with an episcleral ruthenium plaque. Sweden has a
      population of 8.38 millions, so that bilateral choroidal melanomas may be less
      rare than previously thought.

PMID- 3378019
TI  - Intracerebral metastases from ocular melanoma.
AB  - A blind painful eye may harbour an unsuspected malignant melanoma. We report a
      case of ocular melanoma that presented with confusion owing to direct extension
      via the optic nerve into the anterior cranial fossa.

PMID- 3378020
TI  - Postural changes in perfusion pressure and retinal arteriolar calibre.
AB  - Ophthalmic artery perfusion pressures and retinal arteriolar calibres were
      studied in 10 human subjects when sitting, standing, and lying. Differing
      responses in perfusion pressure were found; autoregulatory responses were found
      in 13 of the 18 significant calibre changes on moving from sitting to standing
      and 13 of 22 significant calibre changes on moving from standing to lying. The
      remaining significant calibre changes were non-autoregulatory, the arterioles
      dilating with perfusion pressure increase and constricting with decrease.

PMID- 3378021
TI  - Comparative evaluation of oculokinetic perimetry and conventional perimetry in
      glaucoma.
AB  - Oculokinetic perimetry is a new method of visual field assessment in which the
      patient moves the eye around a central static target to look sequentially at an
      array of numbers. When fixation on a number is accompanied by disappearance of
      the central target, that number is deleted from a recording chart. Inversion of
      the recording chart gives a plot of the central visual field. In this study we
      have shown that in 64 eyes of 37 patients, with unequivocal field loss attending
      a glaucoma clinic, the test is efficient and reliable when compared with
      conventional static (Dicon 3000) and kinetic (Tubingen Oculus) field tests. The
      results were identical in 88% of eyes tested and approximately comparable in
      another 6%. Quantitative equivalent targets for the different methods are
      described. Oculokinetic perimetry was carried out by a previously untrained
      person, and it is suggested that this new method merits further study as a
      screening device for glaucoma in the community.

PMID- 3378022
TI  - Therapeutic limitations of argon laser trabeculoplasty.
AB  - Sixty-one patients (82 eyes) were studied after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT)
      to determine the lasting efficacy of such treatment. This investigation, now in
      its fourth year, was prospective, and the information derived was analysed with
      the aid of a computer. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) below
      baseline (22 mmHg). The mean follow-up time was 24.5 months, when the success
      rate was 74% compared with 75% at three months. Success declined to 45% at 42
      months. No significant difference was noted when (a) first lasered eyes of all
      patients and those fellow eyes treated were analysed separately, (b) when right
      and left eyes were analysed separately, nor (c) when patients were divided into
      two treatment groups, (I) 100 burns at 1 W, and (II) 65 burns at 850 mW. Eight of
      11 eyes showed progressive postlaser field loss despite below-baseline
      intraocular pressures. ALT is an alternative to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
      therapy, with a success rate of 66.7% at two years. However, repeat ALT was
      successful in only 25% of patients seven months after treatment.

PMID- 3378024
TI  - Experimental suprachoroidal plombage with a urethane based hydrophilic polymer.
AB  - Small portions of dehydrated hydrophilic polymer (HPU 90, Smith and Nephew) have
      been inserted into the suprachoroidal space in rabbits to investigate the
      possible use of suprachoroidal plombage in retinal detachment surgery. As it
      hydrates, the material causes a pronounced elevation of choroid and retina, and
      the implants have been well tolerated for periods of up to one year in
      experimental animals. The implant slowly breaks down and stimulates a simple
      macrophagic reaction: fibrosis in the overlying choroid is associated with
      ischaemic gliosis and chorioretinal fusion.

PMID- 3378023
TI  - The evaluation of corneal endothelial permeability in PERK study patients.
AB  - Sixteen patients enrolled in the PERK study were evaluated by fluorophotometry 24
      hours or six months following radial keratotomy. A comparison of eyes operated
      and not operated upon showed that endothelial permeability was not significantly
      altered 24 hours and six months after surgery. Aqueous humour flow rates and
      anterior chamber elimination coefficients were significantly higher 24 hours
      after surgery in the eyes operated on than in those not operated on. Six months
      after surgery there was no longer a significant difference in these factors. The
      increase in aqueous humour flow rates 24 hours after surgery may represent a
      subclinical breakdown in the blood-aqueous barrier.

PMID- 3378025
TI  - A new surgical head rest.
AB  - A surgical head rest is described that gives good wrist support, provides space
      to place instruments, and allows drainage of irrigation fluid.

PMID- 3378026
TI  - Radiotherapy in benign orbital disease. I: Complicated ocular angiomas.
AB  - Radiotherapy has been successful in the management of complicated ocular and
      orbital angiomas, but late morbidity (particularly radiation induced cataract)
      has been a problem. With modern radiotherapy techniques it is possible to
      minimise the morbidity to other tissues. By means of a recently developed method
      of lens-sparing ocular radiotherapy (initially adopted for retinoblastoma
      therapy) two cases of diffuse ocular haemangioma complicated by retinal
      detachment have been treated, with evidence of regression.

PMID- 3378027
TI  - Computerised axial tomography and magnetic resonance scanning in the Tolosa-Hunt
      syndrome.
AB  - A 50-year-old Asian male presented with a left sixth nerve palsy, left temporal
      pain, and rapidly deteriorating visual acuity in the left eye. A high resolution
      CT scan and magnetic resonance scan showed a left retro-orbital enhancing lesion
      extending from the lateral margin of the cavernous sinus on to the greater wing
      of the sphenoid and into the left orbit. Arteriography was normal. On high dose
      steroid therapy there was total resolution of the lesion. The value of imaging
      techniques in this condition is discussed.

PMID- 3378028
TI  - Angioid streaks in beta thalassaemia minor.
AB  - We report what we believe to be the first recorded case of angioid streaks in a
      patient with beta thalassaemia minor. The occurrence of angioid streaks in a
      patient with a relatively normal iron balance and only very mild haemolysis may
      be explained by the combination of pregnancy with associated multiple
      transfusions in a myopic patient where an inherent defect in Bruch's membrane may
      exist.

PMID- 3378029
TI  - Cyclic esotropia in a patient with unilateral traumatic aphakia: case report.
AB  - Cyclic esotropia is a rare and poorly understood condition normally treated by
      correcting the deviation measured on the squinting day. Control in some patients
      with this condition can be gained by correcting their refractive errors, thereby
      improving acuity. We report on an adult patient who developed cyclic esotropia
      after unilateral traumatic aphakia with failed contact lens wear whose squint was
      corrected by secondary intraocular lens implantation. This may be explained by
      the reduction in the degree of aneisokonia which subsequently improved steropsis.

PMID- 3378030
TI  - Is radiation a justifiable treatment of choroidal melanoma?

PMID- 3378031
TI  - Folding of the nascent peptide chain into a biologically active protein.
AB  - The refolding of denatured proteins with complete sequences may not be fast
      enough to account for the in vivo folding of growing peptide chains during
      biosynthesis. As some peptide fragments have secondary structures not unlike
      those of the corresponding segments in the intact molecules and native disulfide
      bonds of some proteins can form cotranslationally, it is suggested that the
      folding of the nascent chain begins early during synthesis. However, further
      adjustments may be necessary during chain elongation and after posttranslational
      modifications of the completed peptide chain to generate the native conformation
      of a biologically active protein.

PMID- 3378032
TI  - Sequence specificity of DNA cleavage by bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I).
AB  - The bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) complex is a relatively simple molecule
      previously shown to cause DNA cleavage with a strong preference for gene control
      regions such as the Pribnow box. Sequence level mapping of sites of [(Phen)2CuI]+
      cleavage in greater than 2000 bases in histone genes and the plasmid pUC9 showed
      that the specificity for control regions is related to a predominant preference
      for minor groove binding at TAT triplets, which were cleaved most strongly at the
      adenosine sugar ring. The related sequences TGT, TAAT, TAGPy, and CAGT (Py =
      pyrimidine) were moderately preferred, while CAT and TAC triplets, PyPuPuPu
      quartets, PuPuPuPy quartets, and CG-rich PyPuPuPy quartets were cleaved with low
      to average frequency. Polypurine and polypyrimidine sequences were cleaved with
      low frequency. The sequence preferences of [(Phen)2CuI]+ can be ascribed
      predominantly to (i) a requirement for binding in the minor groove at a
      pyrimidine 3'----5' step and (ii) stereoelectronic effects of the 2-amino group
      of guanine in the minor groove, which inhibit binding. Although the reagent
      appears primarily to recognize sequence features at the triplet or quartet level,
      lower than expected cleavage was observed for two TAT sequences adjacent to
      several other preferred sequences and higher than expected cleavage was observed
      at CAAGC sequences, suggesting that longer range sequence-dependent DNA
      conformational effects influence specificity in certain cases.

PMID- 3378033
TI  - Kinetic and equilibrium binding studies of actinomycin D with some d(TGCA)
      containing dodecamers.
AB  - Comparative kinetic, melting, and equilibrium binding studies of actinomycin D
      (ACTD) with d(ATATACGTATAT), four d(TGCA)-containing dodecamers, and poly(dG
      dC).poly(dG-dC) revealed that (1) the affinity of ACTD for the dC-dG sequence is
      much less than for the dG-dC sequence; (2) ACTD forms 1:1 and 2:1 drug-duplex
      complexes with d(TATATGCATATA) and d(TATGCATGCATA), respectively, and their SDS
      driven dissociations exhibit single-exponential characteristics with rates
      (approximately 5 X 10(-4)s-1 at 20 degrees C) slightly slower than that of
      poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC); (3) although the melting temperature of d(CATGCATGCATG)
      is 8-9 deg higher than that of d(TATGCATGCATA), the rates of ACTD dissociation
      from these two oligomers are not greatly different and binding constants of (1-5)
      X 10(7) M-1 have been estimated for both; (4) a 3:1 stoichiometry is exhibited by
      ACTD binding to duplex d(TGCATGCATGCA) and the complex dissociates with two
      characteristic times, the fast component (1/k = approximately 100 s) comprising
      2/3 of the contribution and the slow process (approximately 2000 s) contributing
      the other 1/3; and (5) the slow dissociation kinetics of an oligomer appears to
      be correlated to the higher percentage of slow association kinetics detectable by
      non-stop-flow techniques. These results indicate that the d(TGCA) sequence is a
      stronger binding and a slower dissociation site than the d(CGCG) sequence and
      suggest that base pairs flanking the dG-dC intercalative site may modulate
      interactions of the pentapeptide rings of ACTD with the DNA minor
      groove.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378034
TI  - Hydrophobic photolabeling identifies BHA2 as the subunit mediating the
      interaction of bromelain-solubilized influenza virus hemagglutinin with liposomes
      at low pH.
AB  - To investigate the molecular basis of the low-pH-mediated interaction of the
      bromelain-solubilized ectodomain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (BHA) with
      membranes, we have photolabeled BHA in the presence of liposomes with the two
      carbene-generating, membrane-directed reagents 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m
      [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) and a new analogue of a phospholipid, 1
      palmitoyl-2-[11-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl]phenyl][2-3H] undecanoyl]-sn
      glycero-3-phosphocholine ([3H]-PTPC/11). With the latter reagent, BHA was labeled
      in a strictly pH-dependent manner, i.e., at pH 5 only, whereas with [125I]TID,
      labeling was seen also at pH 7. In all experiments, the label was selectively
      incorporated into the BHA2 polypeptide, demonstrating that the interaction of BHA
      with membranes is mediated through this subunit, possibly via its hydrophobic N
      terminal segment. Similar experiments with a number of other water-soluble
      proteins (ovalbumin, carbonic anhydrase, alpha-lactalbumin, trypsin, and soybean
      trypsin inhibitor) indicate that the ability to interact with liposomes at low pH
      is not a property specific for BHA but is observed with other, perhaps most,
      proteins.

PMID- 3378035
TI  - Actin-binding and dimerization domains of HeLa cell filamin.
AB  - HeLa cell filamin is a linear, bivalent, homodimer of high molecular weight
      subunits (Mr 250,000 that may cross-link actin filaments in vivo into
      supramolecular structures such as networks and bundles. We used millimolar Ca
      protease from chicken breast muscle to cleave the subunit into smaller fragments
      that we mapped with respect to the overall structure of the dimer. The enzyme
      cleaves HeLa filamin into a larger (Mr 192,000) and a smaller (Mr 104,000)
      fragment; the smaller fragment is the precursor of a still smaller (Mr 92,000)
      fragment. Only the larger fragment bound to actin in a cosedimentation test,
      suggesting that it contains the actin-binding region of the subunit. Digestion of
      HeLa filamin that had been cross-linked with dimethyl adipimidate produced a good
      yield of the Mr 192,000 fragment but a poor yield of the Mr 104,000/92,000
      fragments. Since native filamins are head-to-head dimers, it was expected that
      cross-linking would proceed most readily at the dimerization site and, therefore,
      it appears that the Mr 192,000 fragment is cleaved from cross-linked filamin
      because it is distal to the dimerization region, while the Mr 104,000/92,000
      fragments are absent because they lie at the dimerization region and were cross
      linked to a form that was not identifiable by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3378036
TI  - Ionization and phase behavior of fatty acids in water: application of the Gibbs
      phase rule.
AB  - The phase behavior of several medium-chain (10- and 12-carbon) and long-chain (18
      carbon) fatty acids in water was examined as a function of the ionization state
      of the carboxyl group. Equilibrium titration curves were generated above and
      below fatty acid and acid-soap chain melting temperatures and critical micelle
      concentrations, and the phases formed were characterized by X-ray diffraction,
      13C NMR spectroscopy, and phase-contrast and polarized light microscopy. The
      resulting titration curves were divided into five regions: (i) at pH values less
      than 7, a two-phase region containing oil or fatty acid crystals and an aqueous
      phase; (ii) at pH approximately 7, a three-phase region containing oil, lamellar,
      and aqueous (or fatty acid crystals, 1:1 acid-soap crystals, and aqueous) phases;
      (iii) between pH 7 and 9, a two-phase region containing a lamellar fatty
      acid/soap (or crystalline 1:1 acid-soap) phase in an aqueous phase; (iv) at pH
      approximately 9, a three-phase region containing lamellar fatty acid-soap (or
      crystalline 1:1 acid-soap), micellar, and aqueous phases; and (v) at pH values
      greater than 9, a two-phase region containing micellar and aqueous phases.
      Interpretation of the results using the Gibbs phase rule indicated that, for
      oleic acid/potassium oleate, the composition of the lamellar fatty acid/soap
      phase varied from approximately 1:1 to 1:3 un-ionized to ionized fatty acid
      species. In addition, constant pH regions observed in titration curves were a
      result of thermodynamic invariance (zero degrees of freedom) rather than
      buffering capacity. The results provide insights into the physical states of
      fatty acids in biological systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378037
TI  - Kinetics of fluorescent-labeled phosphatidylcholine transfer between nonspecific
      lipid transfer protein and phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - Recently, rat liver nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) was shown to form
      a fluorescent complex when allowed to equilibrate with self-quenching vesicles
      prepared from the fluorescent phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-[12-[(7-nitro-2,1,3
      benzoxadiazol-4- yl)amino]dodecanoyl]phosphatidylcholine (P-C12-NBD-PC) [Nichols,
      J. W. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14172-14177]. Investigation of the mechanism of
      complex formation was continued by studying the kinetics of transfer of P-C12-NBD
      PC between nsLTP and phospholipid vesicles using a transfer assay based on
      resonance energy transfer between P-C12-NBD-PC and N-(lissamine rhodamine B
      sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The principles of mass action kinetics
      (which predict initial lipid transfer rates as a function of protein and vesicle
      concentration) were used to derive equations for two distinct mechanisms: lipid
      transfer by the diffusion of monomers through the aqueous phase and lipid
      transfer during nsLTP-membrane collisions. The results of these kinetics studies
      indicated that the model for neither mechanism alone adequately predicted the
      initial rates of formation and dissolution of the P-C12-NBD-PC-nsLTP complex. The
      initial rate kinetics for both processes were predicted best by a model in which
      monomer diffusion and collision-dependent transfer occur simultaneously. These
      data support the hypothesis that the phospholipid-nsLTP complex functions as an
      intermediate in the transfer of phospholipids between membranes.

PMID- 3378038
TI  - Ethanol-, fasting-, and acetone-inducible cytochromes P-450 in rat liver:
      regulation and characteristics of enzymes belonging to the IIB and IIE gene
      subfamilies.
AB  - Two major forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were purified from starved
      and acetone-treated rats. On the basis of amino acid sequence analysis, they were
      identified as P-450j and P-450b. Ethanol or acetone treatment of rats caused a 9
      fold increase in the amount of P-450j in liver microsomes accompanied by similar
      increases in the rate of NADPH-dependent metabolism of carbon tetrachloride,
      acetone, and benzene. Immunological experiments indicated that P-450j constitutes
      the major catalyst of the microsomal metabolism of the latter agents and
      contributes by about 50% to microsomal P-450-dependent ethanol oxidation under
      the conditions used. The P-450j-dependent catalytic activities had a high rate of
      turnover. In contrast, this was not the case for the immunodetectable P-450j,
      indicating the occurrence of inactive forms of this protein in microsomes.
      Starvation or ethanol or acetone treatment caused 10-30-fold increases in the
      amount of both mRNA and apoprotein of P-450b,e compared to control. Run-on
      experiments and the concomitant increases of the P-450b,e gene products at the
      mRNA and protein levels indicated the appearance of mainly a transcriptional
      activation by acetone, ethanol, or starvation. Fasting exerted, in addition, a
      pronounced synergistic effect on acetone-dependent induction of P-450b,e mRNA (3
      fold), apo-P-450b,e (4.3-fold), P-450j mRNA (2-fold), and apo-P-450j (2-fold). No
      increase of mRNA coding for P-450j, compared to control, was seen after acetone
      or ethanol treatment alone. The results indicate that effects of ethanol,
      acetone, and/or starvation on drug and xenobiotic metabolism are caused by the
      induction of P-450 forms belonging to at least two gene subfamilies.

PMID- 3378039
TI  - Defective catabolism and abnormal composition of low-density lipoproteins from
      mutant pigs with hypercholesterolemia.
AB  - Metabolic and chemical properties of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were studied
      in a strain of pigs carrying a specific apo-B allele associated with
      hypercholesterolemia and premature atherosclerosis. LDL mass was significantly
      greater in mutant than in control pigs (400 +/- 55 mg/dL vs 103 +/- 26 mg/dL), as
      was LDL cholesterol. When normal and mutant LDLs were injected into the
      bloodstream of normal pigs, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of mutant LDL was
      about 30% lower than that of control LDL. In mutant pigs, the mean FCRs of mutant
      and control LDL were similar, although they were much lower than the
      corresponding FCRs observed in normal pigs. The density profile of LDL particles
      differed in control and mutant pigs; the peak LDL flotation rate was shifted from
      S0f = 5.3 +/- 1.9 in controls to a more buoyant 7.4 +/- 0.5 in mutants. The
      elevation of LDL in the mutants was restricted to the most buoyant LDL
      subspecies. This subpopulation of mutant LDL was enriched with cholesteryl ester
      (47% vs 37%) and depleted of triglyceride, relative to LDL of similar density and
      size in controls. The lipid compositions of the denser LDL subpopulations (rho
      greater than 1.043 g/mL) were similar in mutants and controls. We conclude that
      the hypercholesterolemia of these mutant pigs is accounted for by defective
      catabolism of LDL. The buoyant cholesterol ester enriched LDL subspecies that
      accumulate in plasma may contribute to the accelerated atherogenesis that occurs
      in these animals.

PMID- 3378040
TI  - Association of melittin with the isolated myosin light chains.
AB  - Melittin is a 26-residue peptide which undergoes high-affinity calcium-dependent
      binding by calmodulin [Barnette, M.S., Daly, R., & Weiss, B. (1983) Biochem.
      Pharmacol. 32, 2929; Comte, M., Maulet, Y., & Cox, J.A. (1983) Biochem. J. 209,
      269; Anderson, S.R., & Malencik, D.A. (1986) Calcium Cell Funct. 6, 1]. The
      results in this paper show that three different types of myosin light chain--the
      smooth muscle regulatory light chain, the smooth muscle essential light chain,
      and the skeletal muscle regulatory 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)
      light chain--also associate with melittin. The resulting complexes have
      dissociation constants ranging from 1.1 to 2.5 microM in the presence of 0.10 M
      NaCl and from approximately 50 to approximately 130 nM in solutions of 20 mM 3-(N
      morpholino)propanesulfonic acid alone. The regulatory smooth muscle myosin light
      chain exhibits two equivalent melittin binding sites while each of the others
      displays only one. The myosin light chains evidently contain elements of
      structure related to the macromolecular interaction sites present in calmodulin
      and troponin C but not in parvalbumin. The association of melittin and other
      peptides with the light chains requires consideration whenever assays of the
      calmodulin-dependent activity of myosin light chain kinase are used to determine
      peptide binding by calmodulin. The binding measurements performed on the DTNB
      light chain and melittin necessitated derivation of the equation relating complex
      formation to the observed fluorescence anisotropy of a solution containing three
      fluorescent components. This analysis is generally applicable to equilibria
      involving the association of two fluorescent molecules emitting in the same
      wavelength range.

PMID- 3378041
TI  - Localization of the binding site on fibrin for the secondary binding site of
      thrombin.
AB  - Affinity chromatography of active site inhibited thrombin on immobilized
      fragments derived from the central (desAB-NDSK) and terminal (D1) globular
      domains of fibrinogen revealed that the site responsible for the binding of
      thrombin at its secondary fibrin binding site is located in the central domain.
      Chromatography of various domains of the central nodule (desAB-NDSK, fibrinogen
      E, and fibrin E) having nonidentical amino acid sequences showed that all of
      these fragments are capable of binding to PMSF-thrombin-Sepharose, suggesting
      that the thrombin binding site resides within the peptide regions common to all
      of these fragments: alpha(Gly17-Met51), beta(Val55-Met118), and gamma(Tyr1
      Lys53). Competitive affinity chromatography of the same binding domains revealed
      that there is no detectable difference in their binding constants to PMSF
      thrombin-Sepharose, indicating that the alpha(Lys52-Lys78), beta(Gly15
      Lys54)/(Tyr119-Lys122), and gamma(Thr54-Met78) peptide segments do not contribute
      significantly to the binding of thrombin. Chromatography of the isolated chains
      of fibrinogen E showed that the alpha(Gly17-Lys78) peptide region itself contains
      a strong binding site for PMSF-thrombin-Sepharose. The location of the binding
      site suggests that the secondary site interaction may play an important role in
      determining the cleavage specificity of thrombin on fibrinogen and can affect the
      rate of release of the fibrinopeptides. Affinity chromatography of fragments
      prepared from polymerized fibrin showed that cross-linked DD (D x D) itself does
      not bind to thrombin, whereas the D x DE complex remained attached to the column,
      suggesting that the binding site on fragment E for thrombin is distinct from its
      binding site for D x D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378042
TI  - Purification and characterization of two types of NADH-quinone reductase from
      Thermus thermophilus HB-8.
AB  - Two types of the NADH-quinone reductase were isolated from Thermus thermophilus
      HB-8 membranes, by use of the nonionic detergent, dodecyl beta-maltoside, and NAD
      agarose affinity, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, and Superose 6 column
      chromatography. One of these (NADH dehydrogenase 1) is a complex composed of 10
      unlike polypeptides, and the other (NADH dehydrogenase 2) exhibits a single band
      (Mr 53,000) upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase activity of the isolated NADH dehydrogenase 1 was
      about 14 times higher than that of the dodecyl beta-maltoside extract and
      partially rotenone sensitive. The NADH-ubiquinone-1 reductase activity of the
      isolated NADH dehydrogenase 2 was about 30-fold as high as that of the dodecyl
      beta-maltoside extract and rotenone insensitive. The purified NADH dehydrogenase
      1 contained noncovalently bound FMN, non-heme iron, and acid-labile sulfide. The
      ratio of FMN to non-heme iron to acid-labile sulfide was 1:11-12:7-9. The high
      content of iron and labile sulfide is suggestive of the presence of several iron
      sulfur clusters. The purified NADH dehydrogenase 2 contained noncovalently bound
      FAD and no non-heme iron or acid-labile sulfide. The activities of both NADH
      dehydrogenases were stable at temperatures of greater than or equal to 80 degrees
      C. The occurrence of two distinct types of NADH dehydrogenase as a common feature
      in the membranes of various aerobic bacteria is discussed.

PMID- 3378043
TI  - Thermal stability and intersubunit interactions of cholera toxin in solution and
      in association with its cell-surface receptor ganglioside GM1.
AB  - The thermal stability of cholera toxin free in solution and in association with
      its cell-surface receptor ganglioside GM1 has been studied by using high
      sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry and differential solubility thermal
      gel analysis. In the absence of ganglioside GM1, cholera toxin undergoes two
      distinct thermally induced transitions centered at 51 and 74 degrees C,
      respectively. The low-temperature transition has been assigned to the
      irreversible thermal denaturation of the active A subunit. The second transition
      has been assigned to the reversible unfolding of the B subunit pentamer. The
      isolated B subunit pentamer exhibits a single transition also centered at 74
      degrees C, suggesting that the attachment of the A subunit does not contribute to
      the stability of the pentamer. In the intact toxin, the A subunit dissociates
      from the B subunit pentamer at a temperature that coincides with the onset of the
      B subunit thermal unfolding. In aqueous solution, the denatured A subunit
      precipitates after dissociation from the B subunit pentamer. This phenomenon can
      be detected calorimetrically by the appearance of an exothermic heat effect. In
      the presence of ganglioside GM1, the B subunit is greatly stabilized as indicated
      by an increase of 20 degrees C in the transition temperature. In addition,
      ganglioside GM1 greatly enhances the cooperative interactions between B subunits.
      In the absence of ganglioside, each monomer within the B pentamer unfolds in an
      independent fashion whereas the fully ganglioside-bound pentamer behaves as a
      single cooperative unit. On the contrary, the thermotropic behavior of the A
      subunit is only slightly affected by the presence of increasing concentrations of
      ganglioside GM1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378044
TI  - Influence of ion gradients on the transbilayer distribution of dibucaine in large
      unilamellar vesicles.
AB  - The uptake of dibucaine into large unilamellar vesicles in response to proton
      gradients (delta pH; inside acidic) or membrane potentials (delta psi; inside
      negative) has been investigated. Dibucaine uptake in response to delta pH
      proceeds rapidly in a manner consistent with permeation of the neutral
      (deprotonated) form of the drug, reaching a Henderson-Hasselbach equilibrium
      where [dibucaine]in/[dibucaine]out = [H+]in/[H+]out and where the absolute amount
      of drug accumulated is sensitive to the buffering capacity of the interior
      environment. Under appropriate conditions, high absolute interior concentrations
      of the drug can be achieved (approximately 120 mM) in combination with high
      trapping efficiencies (in excess of 90%). Dibucaine uptake in response to delta
      psi proceeds more than an order of magnitude more slowly and cannot be directly
      attributed to uptake in response to the delta pH induced by delta psi. This
      induced delta pH is too small (less than or equal to 1.5 pH units) to account for
      the transmembrane dibucaine concentration gradients achieved and does not come to
      electrochemical equilibrium with delta psi. Results supporting the possibility
      that the charged (protonated) form of dibucaine can be accumulated in response to
      delta psi were obtained by employing a permanently positively charged dibucaine
      analogue (N-methyldibucaine). Further, the results suggest that delta psi
      dependent uptake may depend on formation of a precipitate of the drug in the
      vesicle interior. The uptake of dibucaine into vesicles in response to ion
      gradients is of direct utility in drug delivery and controlled release
      applications and is related to processes of drug sequestration by cells and
      organelles in vivo.

PMID- 3378045
TI  - Lipid-phase structure in epithelial cell membranes: comparison of renal brush
      border and basolateral membranes.
AB  - The lipid-phase structures of brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) and
      basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from rabbit renal cortex were
      compared by steady-state and phase-modulation measurements of diphenylhexatriene
      (DPH) and trans- and cis-parinaric acid (tPnA and cPnA) fluorescence. A
      temperature-scanning system was used which gave reproducible temperature profiles
      of steady-state and dynamic fluorescence parameters with a resolution of 0.1
      degrees C. Steady-state anisotropy of DPH showed a triphasic dependence on
      temperature with slope discontinuities at 22 +/- 4 and 47 +/- 3 degrees C (BBMV)
      and at 23 +/- 2 and 48 +/- 1 degrees C (BLMV). At all temperatures, DPH
      anisotropy in BBMV was greater than that in BLMV. Ground-state heterogeneity
      analysis of tPnA and cPnA fluorescence lifetime data demonstrated the presence of
      long (greater than 12 ns) and short (less than 5 ns) lifetime components,
      interpreted in terms of solid-phase and fluid-phase lipid domains. The fraction
      of solid-phase phospholipid decreased from 0.9 to 0.1 for BBMV and from 0.7 to
      0.3 in BLMV with increasing temperature (10-50 degrees C). In both membranes,
      tryptophan-PnA fluorescence energy-transfer measurements showed that membrane
      proteins were surrounded by a fluidlike phospholipid phase. These results
      demonstrate the inadequacy of steady-state DPH anisotropy data in defining the
      structural characteristics of complex biological membranes. Results obtained with
      the phase-sensitive parinaric acid probes demonstrate major differences in the
      phase structure of the two opposing cell membranes in both the bulk lipid and the
      lipid microenvironment around membrane proteins.

PMID- 3378046
TI  - Chemical kinetics of induced gene expression: activation of transcription by
      noncooperative binding of multiple regulatory molecules.
AB  - A chemical kinetics model is described for the regulation of gene expression by
      the progressive binding of regulatory molecules to specific binding sites on DNA.
      Chemical rate equations are formulated and solved for the accumulation of
      regulatory molecules on DNA, the change in the level of induced mRNA, and the
      change in the level of the encoded protein in the activated tissue. Some special
      cases are examined, including that of an activation threshold created by a
      requirement for the binding of a minimum number of regulatory molecules prior to
      gene activation. Experimental data for several hormone-activated genetic systems
      are analyzed in the frame of the proposed model, and kinetic parameters are
      predicted. The model accounts for a number of experimental characteristics of
      hormone-inducible genetic systems, including the existence of a lag in the time
      course of mRNA accumulation, the sigmoidal curve of induced mRNA kinetics, the
      effect of hormone on mRNA stabilization, and the induction parameters observed
      when hormone analogues are used. The model also provides an explanation for the
      phenotypes of genetic variants with altered inducibility as changes in the
      molecular kinetic parameters of gene activity.

PMID- 3378047
TI  - Partial purification and preparation of polyclonal antibodies against candidate
      chromatin acceptor proteins for the avian oviduct progesterone receptor.
AB  - Steroid hormones bind to specific receptors in target cells that in turn bind to
      chromatin acceptor sites to alter gene expression. These chromatin acceptor
      sites, for a variety of steroid receptors, appear to be composed of acceptor
      proteins tightly bound to the DNA. This paper describes the preparation of new
      polyclonal antibodies against the chromatin acceptor proteins of the avian
      oviduct progesterone receptor (PR) and their use in monitoring the purification
      of the acceptor proteins. This laboratory recently reported the preparation of
      monoclonal antibodies that do recognize the intact chromatin acceptor sites
      containing DNA-bound acceptor proteins but not the unbound acceptor protein for
      PR [Goldberger, A., Horton, M., Katzmann, J., & Spelsberg, T. C. (1987)
      Biochemistry 26, 5811-5816]. In order to obtain antibodies that recognize the
      unbound acceptor protein, polyclonal antibodies were prepared against a highly
      purified preparation of the acceptor protein(s). Analyses by ELISA indicate that
      the polyclonal antibodies recognize both the intact acceptor sites and the
      unbound (free) acceptor protein(s). Using these antibodies in Western
      immunoblots, two antigenic species of 10 and 6 kDa were detected in crude
      fractions of acceptor protein. These two protein species could be separated and
      further enriched while still retaining acceptor activity, i.e., the capacity to
      generate specific binding of the PR. Thus, the antigenic activity is closely
      associated with, if not identical with, the acceptor activity. Whether one or
      both species are used in vivo or whether the 6-kDa species is a proteolytic
      product of the 10-kDa species is unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378048
TI  - Deposition of newly synthesized histones: hybrid nucleosomes are not tandemly
      arranged on daughter DNA strands.
AB  - Density labeling procedures have been utilized to study the dynamics of histone
      histone interactions in vivo. Cells were labeled for 60 min with dense amino
      acids, and the label was chased for up to 22 h (two replication events for these
      cells). Nuclei were isolated and treated with formaldehyde to stabilize the
      histone-histone interactions with a covalent cross-link that produces an
      octameric complex of two each of H3, H2B, H2A, and H4. This complex was then
      extracted from the DNA and analyzed on density gradients. The results indicate
      that new H3,H4 deposits as a tetramer and does not dissociate in the subsequent
      chases. New H2A,H2B deposited as a dimer and also does not dissociate in
      subsequent chases. These new histones form hybrid octamers with old histones. On
      the basis of the new:old ratio in the hybrid octamers, we propose that additional
      old H2A,H2B from elsewhere in the genome interacts with tetramers of new H3,H4 to
      form the newly synthesized nucleosomes. It is also observed that 5% of the cross
      linked complexes produced by formaldehyde are octamer-octamer (dioctamer). Upon
      analysis of the density of the dioctamer, the hybrid octamers were found adjacent
      to octamers that were homogeneous with respect to containing normal density
      histones. Control experiments are presented to demonstrate that the octamer
      octamer cross-links are a product of intrastrand and not interstrand interactions
      between nucleosomes. These same control experiments also indicate that these
      procedures do not induce histone exchange during the preparative procedure prior
      to density gradient analysis. The significance of these results with regard to
      the dynamics of histone-histone interactions at the replication fork and the
      potential role in the maintenance of differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 3378049
TI  - Effect of unfolding on the tryptophanyl fluorescence lifetime distribution in
      apomyoglobin.
AB  - Proteins exhibit, even in their native state, a large number of conformations
      differing in small details (substates). The fluorescence lifetime of tryptophanyl
      residues can reflect the microenvironmental characteristics of these
      subconformations. We have analyzed the lifetime distribution of the unique indole
      residue of tuna apomyoglobin (Trp A-12) during the unfolding induced by
      temperature or guanidine hydrochloride. The results show that the increase of the
      temperature from 10 to 30 degrees C causes a sharpening of the lifetime
      distribution. This is mainly due to the higher rate of interconversion among the
      conformational substates in the native state. A further temperature increase
      produces partially or fully unfolded states, resulting in a broadening of the
      tryptophanyl lifetime distribution. The data relative to the guanidine-induced
      unfolding show a sigmoidal increase of the distribution width, which is due to
      the transition of the protein structure from the native to the random-coiled
      state. The broadening of the lifetime distribution indicates that, even in the
      fully unfolded protein, the lifetime of the tryptophanyl residues is influenced
      by the protein matrix, which generates very heterogeneous microenvironments.

PMID- 3378050
TI  - Enzymatic properties of proteolytic derivatives of human alpha-thrombin.
AB  - The use of derivatives of alpha-thrombin obtained by limited proteolysis, that
      have only a single peptide bond cleaved, allowed the unequivocal correlation
      between the change in covalent structure and alteration of the enzymatic
      properties. beta T-Thrombin contains a single cleavage in the surface loop
      corresponding to residues 65-83 of alpha-chymotrypsin [Birktoft, J. J., & Blow,
      D. M. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 68, 187-240]. Compared with alpha-thrombin, this
      modification had a minor effect on the following: (1) The Michaelis constant (Km)
      for two tripeptidyl p-nitroanilide substrates increased 2-3 fold, whereas the
      catalytic constant (k cat) remained unaltered. (2) A 2-3 fold increase in the
      binding constant (KI) of a tripeptidyl chloromethane inhibitor was observed, but
      the inactivation rate constant (k i) was the same, which indicated that the
      nucleophilicity of the active-site histidyl residue had not changed. (3) The
      second-order rate constant for the inhibition by antithrombin III decreased 2
      fold. Heparin accelerated the inactivation, and the degree of acceleration was
      similar to that obtained with alpha-thrombin. Pronounced effects of the cleavage
      of this loop were found. (1) The cleavage of fibrinogen was approximately 80-fold
      slower than that with alpha-thrombin. This was mainly due to a 40-fold decrease
      in k cat. In contrast, only a 1.9-fold increase in the Michaelis constant was
      observed. (2) The affinity for thrombomodulin had decreased 39-fold compared to
      alpha-thrombin. epsilon-Thrombin contains a single cleaved peptide bond in the
      loop corresponding to residues 146-150 in alpha-chymotrypsin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378051
TI  - Velocity of the creatine kinase reaction in the neonatal rabbit heart: role of
      mitochondrial creatine kinase.
AB  - To examine the role of changes in the distribution of the creatine kinase (CK)
      isoenzymes [BB, MB, MM, and mitochondrial CK (mito-CK)] on the creatine kinase
      reaction velocity in the intact heart, we measured the creatine kinase reaction
      velocity and substrate concentrations in hearts from neonatal rabbits at
      different stages of development. Between 3 and 18 days postpartum, total creatine
      kinase activity did not change, but the isoenzyme distribution and total creatine
      content changed. Hearts containing 0, 4, or 9% mito-CK activity were studied at
      three levels of cardiac performance: KCl arrest and Langendorff and isovolumic
      beating. The creatine kinase reaction velocity in the direction of MgATP
      production was measured with 31P magnetization transfer under steady-state
      conditions. Substrate concentrations were measured with 31P NMR (ATP and creatine
      phosphate) and conventional biochemical analysis (creatine) or estimated (ADP) by
      assuming creatine kinase equilibrium. The rate of ATP synthesis by oxidative
      phosphorylation was estimated with oxygen consumption measurements. These results
      define three relationships. First, the creatine kinase reaction velocity
      increased as mito-CK activity increased, suggesting that isoenzyme localization
      can alter reaction velocity. Second, the reaction velocity increased as the rate
      of ATP synthesis increased. Third, as predicted by the rate equation, reaction
      velocity increased with the 3-fold increase in creatine and creatine phosphate
      contents that occurred during development.

PMID- 3378052
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to protease nexin 1 that differentially block its
      inhibition of target proteases.
AB  - Protease nexin 1 (PN-1) is a protease inhibitor secreted by cultured fibroblasts
      that forms complexes with certain serine proteases; the complexes bind back to
      the cells and are internalized and degraded. In the present studies, a panel of
      PN-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was isolated; none showed detectable cross
      reactivity with four related plasma protease inhibitors. Four purified mAbs
      (mAbp1, mAbp6, mAbp9, and mAbp18) were tested for their ability to block the
      formation of complexes between PN-1 and target proteases. mAbp1, as well as a
      rabbit polyclonal anti-PN-1 IgG preparation, did not block formation of 125I
      thrombin-PN-1 complexes. mAbp6, mAbp9, and mAbp18 blocked the formation of 125I
      thrombin-PN-1 and 125I-urokinase-PN-1 complexes at stoichiometric concentrations
      of mAb and PN-1. Studies on their ability to block formation of 125I-trypsin-PN-1
      complexes showed that mAbp18 also blocked this reaction at stoichiometric
      concentrations with PN-1 whereas mAbp6 and mAbp9 blocked less effectively. Thus,
      mAbp18 appears to bind at or close to the reactive center of PN-1. The blocking
      mAbs should be useful in studies to probe physiological functions of PN-1.

PMID- 3378053
TI  - Purification of a form of protease nexin 1 that binds heparin with a low
      affinity.
AB  - A form of protease nexin 1 (PN-1) that binds heparin with a low affinity (L-PN-1)
      was purified and studies since altered interactions with glycosaminoglycans could
      affect its inhibition of certain serine proteases. Purification of L-PN-1 and PN
      1 was achieved by fractionating serum-free conditioned culture medium from human
      fibroblasts over dextran sulfate-Sepharose followed by immunoaffinity
      fractionation over a PN-1 monoclonal antibody-Sepharose column. The first step
      separated L-PN-1 from PN-1, and the second step resulted in apparently
      homogeneous L-PN-1 and PN-1. Comparisons of the two proteins showed that they
      could not be distinguished by the following properties: (a) molecular weight; (b)
      proteases complexed; (c) molecular weights of protease-L-PN-1 and protease-PN-1
      complexes; (d) CNBr peptide maps; and (e) immunological cross-reactivity. Studies
      on activities that depend on the heparin binding domain revealed that heparin
      equally accelerated the rate of formation of 125I-thrombin-L-PN-1 and 125I
      thrombin-PN-1 complexes even when the ratio of heparin to L-PN-1 or PN-1 was
      varied from 0.01 to 100. A functional difference, however, between L-PN-1 and PN
      1 was observed in studies on the ability of the fibroblast surface to accelerate
      their reactions. Fixed fibroblasts accelerated the formation of 125I-thrombin-L
      PN-1 complexes 2-fold, whereas they accelerated the formation of 125I-thrombin-PN
      1 complexes 5-fold. The availability of purified L-PN-1 will permit studies on
      its functional relationship to PN-1.

PMID- 3378054
TI  - Mammalian high molecular weight and monomeric forms of valyl-tRNA synthetase.
AB  - Valyl-tRNA synthetase from rat liver sediments at 15.5 S with a Stokes radius of
      90 A, corresponding to a native molecular weight of 585,000. Purification of
      valyl-tRNA synthetase to homogeneity by a combination of conventional and
      affinity column chromatography yields a fully active monomeric form of valyl-tRNA
      synthetase with a sedimentation coefficient of 7.7 S and a Stokes radius of 45 A.
      The subunit molecular weight of the monomeric valyl-tRNA synthetase is 140,000,
      as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium
      dodecyl sulfate. In the presence of 400 mM KCl, the purified monomeric valyl-tRNA
      synthetase associates to a high molecular weight form. The high molecular weight
      valyl-tRNA synthetase in the homogenate can be readily converted to the monomeric
      form by controlled trypsinization. The kinetic parameters of the two forms are
      nearly identical. The results suggest that the high molecular weight valyl-tRNA
      synthetase is a homotypic tetramer and converts to the monomeric valyl-tRNA
      synthetase after the cleavage of a small peptide.

PMID- 3378055
TI  - The major anoxic stress response protein p34 is a distinct lactate dehydrogenase.
AB  - Anoxic stress is a common physiological stress, but one with unusual and
      significant consequences. Anoxic stress results in efficient induction of gene
      amplification and also plays a controlling role in the production of angiogenesis
      factor by macrophages. Within tumor masses, cancer cells continue to proliferate
      under oxygen tensions substantially lower than seen in normal tissues. The
      molecular basis of the anoxic stress response has not been well characterized.
      The major anoxic stress protein in subconfluent cell cultures is a 34-kilodalton
      polypeptide which has been variously reported to be either a new isozyme of
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or the conventional muscle-type lactate
      dehydrogenase. This protein is of particular interest since it is also found
      expressed at high levels in many human cancers and has been demonstrated to be an
      effective serum cancer marker. We have developed an affinity chromatography
      procedure for purification of the anoxic stress protein p34 which effectively
      separates this protein from LDH-5 as well as other standard LDH isozymes. Anoxic
      stress protein p34 was found to specifically interact with flavins and the
      cellular alarmone guanosine(5')tetraphospho(5')guanosine, and also to interact
      with certain nucleic acids. The properties of this protein suggest that its
      overall role in the anoxic stress response may be in the coordination of a number
      of cellular systems.

PMID- 3378056
TI  - Kinetics and mechanism of benzoylformate decarboxylase using 13C and solvent
      deuterium isotope effects on benzoylformate and benzoylformate analogues.
AB  - Benzoylformate decarboxylase (benzoylformate carboxy-lyase, BFD; EC 4.1.1.7) from
      Pseudomonas putida is a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) dependent enzyme which
      converts benzoylformate to benzaldehyde and carbon dioxide. The kinetics and
      mechanism of the benzoylformate decarboxylase reaction were studied by solvent
      deuterium and 13C kinetic isotope effects with benzoylformate and a series of
      substituted benzoylformates (pCH3O, pCH3, pCl, and mF). The reaction was found to
      have two partially rate-determining steps: initial tetrahedral adduct formation
      (D2O sensitive) and decarboxylation (13C sensitive). Solvent deuterium and 13C
      isotope effects indicate that electron-withdrawing substituents (pCl and mF)
      reduce the rate dependence upon decarboxylation such that decreased 13(V/K)
      effects are observed. Conversely, electron-donating substituents increase the
      rate dependence upon decarboxylation such that a larger 13(V/K) is seen while the
      D2O effects on V and V/K are not dramatically different from those for
      benzoylformate. All of the data are consistent with substituent stabilization or
      destabilization of the carbanionic intermediate (or carbanion-like transition
      state) formed during decarboxylation. Additional information regarding the
      mechanism of the enzymic reaction was obtained from pH studies on the reaction of
      benzoylformate and the binding of competitive inhibitors. These studies suggest
      that two enzymic bases are required to be in the correct protonation state (one
      protonated and one unprotonated) for optimal binding of substrate (or
      inhibitors).

PMID- 3378057
TI  - Rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyzed reaction: influence of
      potassium, substrates, and substrate analogues on hydroxylation and
      decarboxylation.
AB  - Interaction of rat liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.1) with
      various ligands was studied by following the decarboxylation of alpha
      ketoglutarate, formation of L-carnitine, or both. Potassium ion stimulates rat
      liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyzed L-carnitine synthesis and alpha
      ketoglutarate decarboxylation by 630% and 240%, respectively, and optimizes the
      coupling efficiency of these two activities. Affinities for alpha-ketoglutarate
      and gamma-butyrobetaine are increased in the presence of potassium. gamma
      Butyrobetaine hydroxylase catalyzed decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate was
      dependent on the presence of gamma-butyrobetaine, L-carnitine, or D-carnitine in
      the reaction and exhibited Km(app) values of 29, 52, and 470 microM,
      respectively. gamma-Butyrobetaine saturation of the enzyme indicated a substrate
      inhibition pattern in both the assays. Omission of potassium decreased the
      apparent maximum velocity of decarboxylation supported by all three compounds by
      a similar percent. beta-Bromo-alpha-ketoglutarate supported gamma-butyrobetaine
      hydroxylation, although less effectively than alpha-ketoglutarate. The rat liver
      enzyme was rapidly inactivated by 1 mM beta-bromo-alpha-ketoglutarate at pH 7.0.
      This inactivation reaction did not show a rate saturation with increasing
      concentrations of beta-bromo-alpha-ketoglutarate. None of the substrates or
      cofactors, including alpha-ketoglutarate, protected the enzyme against this
      inactivation. Unlike beta-bromo-alpha-ketoglutarate, beta-mercapto-alpha
      ketoglutarate did not replace alpha-ketoglutarate as a cosubstrate. Both beta
      mercapto-alpha-ketoglutarate and beta-glutathione-alpha-ketoglutarate were
      noncompetitive inhibitors with respect to alpha-ketoglutarate.

PMID- 3378058
TI  - Effects of the ligands of beef tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase on the elementary
      steps of the tRNA(Trp) aminoacylation.
AB  - Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzed formation of Trp-tRNA(Trp) has been
      studied by mixing tRNA(Trp) with a preformed bis(tryptophanyl adenylate)-enzyme
      complex in the 0-60-ms time range, on a quenched-flow apparatus. Analyzing the
      data gives an association rate constant ka = (1.22 +/- 0.47) X 10(8) M-1 S-1, a
      dissociation rate constant kd = 143 +/- 73 S-1, and a dissociation constant Kd =
      1.34 +/- 0.80 microM for tRNA(Trp). The maximum rate constant of tryptophan
      transfer to tRNA(Trp) is kt = 33 +/- 3 S-1. When starting the aminoacylation
      reaction with a mono(tryptophanyl adenylate)-enzyme complex, one obtains
      different kinetic profiles than when using a bis(tryptophanyl adenylate)-enzyme
      complex. Over a 0-400-ms time range, the monoadenylate-enzyme complex yields an
      apparent first-order reaction, while the bis-adenylate-enzyme complex yields a
      biphasic aminoacylation of tRNA(Trp). Analysis of Trp-tRNA(Trp) formation from
      both complexes according to simple reaction schemes shows that the dissociation
      of tRNA(Trp) from an enzyme subunit carrying no adenylate is 6.9-fold slower than
      from an enzyme subunit carrying an adenylate. The apparent rate constant of
      dissociation of nascent tryptophanyl-tRNA(Trp) is 4.9 S-1 in the absence of free
      tryptophan, which is much slower than its rate of formation (33 S-1).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378059
TI  - An assessment of anaerobic metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated
      guinea pig heart.
AB  - The effects of total ischemia and subsequent reperfusion on the formation of
      anaerobic metabolism products and their release into myocardial effluent were
      studied in isolated guinea pig hearts. During 30-min ischemia myocardial ATP and
      phosphocreatine decreased to 34 and 15% of the initial levels, respectively; this
      was accompanied by alanine formation and approximately stoichiometric glutamate
      loss. The increase in malate in ischemic myocardium corresponded to the
      anaplerotic flux aspartate----oxaloacetate----malate; the succinate production
      being commensurable to alpha-ketoglutarate formation in the alanine
      aminotransferase reaction. The release of lactate, alanine, succinate, creatine
      and pyruvate trace amounts into the myocardial effluent was observed during an
      early phase of the reperfusion using 1H-NMR. The rates of metabolite release
      reduced as follows: lactate much greater than alanine greater than succinate
      greater than creatine. By the 30th min of the reperfusion the decrease in these
      metabolites tissue contents was accompanied by the recovery of ATP and
      phosphocreatine levels up to 65 and 90% of the initial ones, respectively. The
      data obtained demonstrate that the formation and the release of succinate,
      alanine and creatine from the heart as well as of lactate may indicate profound
      disturbances in energy metabolism.

PMID- 3378060
TI  - Injury of mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential during iron/ascorbate
      induced peroxidation.
AB  - First functional events during peroxidation in mitochondria consisted in a
      progressive inhibition of the phosphorylating and uncoupled respiration with
      succinate and glutamate/malate as substrates, whereas the resting state
      respiration during the same period was virtually not influenced. The membrane
      potential registered at a time with the respiration rates was capable of being
      built up for a relatively long time interval with only minor decreases, and broke
      down rather promptly when the active respiration was highly diminished.
      Inhibition of respiration proceeded mainly during the initiation phase of
      peroxidation. Lag phases of varied length, of malondialdehyde formation which
      were predominantly attributed to the iron/protein ratios correlated closely with
      different time intervals needed to attain maximal inhibition of respiration and
      decrease in glutathione. Hence, the lessening of respiration, drop of membrane
      potential and loss of the antioxidant, glutathione, represent early stages in the
      causal chain of events which precede the onset of intensive lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3378061
TI  - [Chemical transformation of radioactive 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzyl
      5'-[32P]phosphamides of oligodeoxyribonucleotides during in vivo experiments].
AB  - The practical use of reactive oligonucleotide derivatives for complementarily
      addressed modification of nucleic acids in vivo includes several steps, at which
      side chemical reactions resulting in a decrease of the modification efficiency
      may take place. Chemical reactions of 4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylamino)benzyl-5'
      [32P]phosphamides of oligodeoxyribonucleotides were studied in vivo. The
      intermolecular self-alkylation at the reactive residue of the alkylating
      derivative was found in the precipitate of its lithium salt under acetone at-20
      degrees C. The effects of pH, buffer solutions, salts, temperature, phenol, cell
      culture suspensions, tissue homogenates, etc., on the stability of the
      derivatives were studied. A sufficient cleavage of the phosphamide bond was
      observed at pH less than 3. In fresh liver homogenates the nucleolytic
      degradation of the oligonucleotide part of the reagent was shown to occur. After
      intraperitoneal injection of mice with radioactive alkylating derivatives up to
      50% of the reagent was included into the blood biopolymers within one hour. The
      covalently linked to the biopolymers oligonucleotide appeared to be highly
      degraded thereby.

PMID- 3378062
TI  - [Isolation and characteristics of coumarin-specific cytochrome P-450 (P-450Cho)
      from liver microsomes of DBA/2N mice, induced with pyrazole].
AB  - Coumarin-specific cytochrome P-450 (P-450Coh) has been isolated from liver
      microsomes of DBA/2N mice induced with pyrazole. The induction effect was
      accompanied by a 5.8-5.9-fold increase in the P-450Coh content which made up to
      14.4-17% of the total cytochrome P-450 pool in the microsomes. At the final step
      of P-450Coh purification, variously substituted Sepharoses (hydroxyphenyl-,
      cholate-, aminooctyl- and t-cytochrome-b5-) were used. The optimal scheme
      involved solubilization of microsomes with sodium cholate, hydrophobic
      chromatography on octyl-Sepharose, adsorption on calcium-tartrate gel and
      hydrophobic ion-exchange chromatography on aminooctyl-Sepharose. According to SDS
      gel electrophoresis data, the purity of P-450Coh was 95% and Mr was 50,000 Da.
      The amino acid composition of the protein includes 445 residues. At saturating
      concentrations of coumarin, more than 90% of P-450Coh are represented by the high
      spin form. The catalytic activity of P-450Coh was studied in reactions of
      xenobiotics oxidation.

PMID- 3378063
TI  - [Potential-independent Na+-stimulated transport of Ca2+ into a smooth muscle
      sarcolemma fraction].
AB  - In the K+-valinomycin system Na+ (140 mM) induces Ca2+ release from cow
      myometrium sarcolemmal vesicles at the membrane potential value of -61.5 mV. The
      Na+-stimulated component of Ca2+ release from polarized vesicles does not obey
      the kinetic regularities of a simple diffusion reaction but is characterized by
      saturation with the transport substrate. The value of this component is identical
      at -61.5 and at 0 mV, i.e., approximately 2 nmol Ca2+/min/mg protein). Alteration
      of the potential sign (-43 divided by 18.5 mV) does not affect the Na+-stimulated
      release of Ca2+. In the absence of Na+ and Ca2+ gradients, no transmembrane
      transport of Ca2+ utilizing the energy of electric field occurs. In the absence
      of initial gradients of transport substrates, the temperature changes (from 23
      degrees C to 37 degrees C) have no influence on the intracellular level of Ca2+
      in sarcolemmal vesicles at changeable values of the membrane potential. The data
      obtained suggest that the myometrium tissue contains a system of non-electrogenic
      ion antiport which possesses a low affinity for Ca2+ and protects myocytes
      against the damaging action of high (up to greater than or equal to 10(-5) M)
      Ca2+ concentration, i.e., from the impairment of intracellular homeostasis of
      Ca2+.

PMID- 3378064
TI  - [Formation of products of anaerobic metabolism in the ischemic myocardium].
AB  - The effect of ischemia on the formation of products of anaerobic metabolism and
      their release into the cardiac effluent in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts
      was studied. During 30 min normothermal ischemia, the myocardial ATP and
      phosphocreatine levels decreased to 34% and 15% of the initial values,
      respectively. The net alanine formation in ischemia was approximately a
      stoichiometric glutamate decrease; the increase in the tissue malate content
      corresponded to the aspartate----oxaloacetate----malate anaplerotic flux, the
      succinate production being commensurable to alpha-ketoglutaric acid formation in
      the alanine aminotransferase reaction. Using 1H-NMR, it was shown that the
      release of trace amounts of lactate, alanine, succinate, creatine and pyruvate
      into cardiac effluents occurred during the first 5 minutes of reperfusion. The
      rate of metabolite release decreased in the following order: lactate much greater
      than alanine greater than succinate greater than creatine. By the 30th minute of
      reperfusion, the decrease in the tissue levels of these metabolites to
      preischemic values was accompanied by the recovery of ATP and phosphocreatine to
      65% and 90% of the initial levels, respectively. The data obtained suggest that
      the formation and release of alanine, creatine or succinate as well as lactate
      from ischemic myocardium may testify to significant disturbances in energy
      metabolism of the myocardium.

PMID- 3378065
TI  - [Study of the role of tryptophan residues in streptokinase molecules using a
      chemical modification method].
AB  - Incubation of streptokinase in an H2O2-dioxane-bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.5) system
      leads to the oxidation of tryptophan residues as can be evidenced from the
      changes in absorption and tryptophan fluorescence spectra. A complete oxidation
      of tryptophan residues of the protein takes place within 3 hours, the number of
      the residues is 4. The first tryptophanyl of the protein is oxidized the most
      easily; the activity of streptokinase decreases thereby by 50%. Modification of
      the second residue leads to complete inactivation of streptokinase. The rate
      constants for the oxidation of the first, of the two first and of the third plus
      fourth tryptophanyls are equal to 1.5.10(-2) min-1, 1,1.10(-2) min-1 and 0.5.10(
      2) min -1, respectively. The complete oxidation of tryptophan residues is
      concomitant with the inability of streptokinase to form stable equimolar
      complexes with human plasminogen, but in does not result (as can be judged from
      the CD spectroscopy data) in the breakdown of the protein secondary structure.
      The specificity of oxidation of the protein tryptophan residues is discussed. The
      importance of readily oxidized tryptophan residues for the streptokinase function
      is postulated.

PMID- 3378066
TI  - [Molecular and hormone-binding properties of a partially purified preparation of
      androgen receptors from the liver of male rats].
AB  - Liver cytosol of mature male rats was found to contain androgen receptors (AR).
      These AR were purified 7--10-fold, and their molecular and hormone-binding
      properties were investigated. It was found that the AR molecules have a
      sedimentation coefficient of 9.3 +/- 0.15 and 4.7 +/- 0.11 S, Stokes radius of
      6.5 +/- 0.25 and 3.2 +/- 0.08 nm, Mr of 263000 and 65700 Da and friction
      coefficient ratio of 1.55 and 1.22 for low and high ionic strength media,
      respectively. The values of rate constants of [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881)
      association with AR and for the dissociation of the complexes formed are equal to
      (0.66 +/- 0.29). .10(5) M-1 s-1 and to (0.68 +/- 0.08).10(-5) s-1, respectively,
      whereas those of equilibrium association constant--to (1.4 +/- 0.3).10(9) M-1 at
      0-4 degrees C. It was shown that R1881, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and
      testosterone strongly compete with 3H-R1881 for the binding with AR (as can be
      judged from the relative competitive activity of 35 nonlabeled hormonal agents);
      19-nortestosterone and delta1-testosterone are more weak, whereas 5 alpha
      androstandiols, some hydroxy derivatives of testosterone, cyproterone acetate,
      estradiol and progesterone are moderate competitors. Other natural testosterone,
      estradiol and progesterone metabolites as well as corticosteroids do not compete
      or weakly compete with 3H-R1881 for the binding to AR. It is concluded that the
      properties of AR are similar to those of classical type AR and that they can
      intermediate most of the direct effects of androgens on the liver.

PMID- 3378067
TI  - Photostimulation of Japanese quail by dim light depends upon photophase contrast,
      not light intensity.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to determine whether dim light is interpreted by
      Japanese quail as subjective day or night, and whether this interpretation
      depends upon absolute light intensity. Birds were exposed to 24-h days consisting
      of either bright light (2500-3000 lx) with dim light (0.5-5 lx) or dim light with
      darkness. Locomotor activity was higher in the brighter photophase, whether it
      was bright light or dim light, indicating that the birds interpreted the brighter
      phase as daytime. Dim light produced daytime activity levels when paired with
      darkness, but it produced nighttime activity when paired with bright light,
      indicating that activity rhythms are determined by relative not absolute light
      intensity. Similarly, photostimulation, as measured by growth of the cloacal
      protrusion area (CPA), depended upon photic context, not absolute light
      intensity. CPA growth occurred when birds were exposed to 16 h of dim light with
      8 h of darkness (16dm:8dk) but not when exposed to 10 h of bright light with 14 h
      of dim light (10bt:14dm). Constant dim light was stimulatory regardless of
      previous dim light context. Photostimulation appears to depend upon subjective
      interpretations of day and night rather than solely upon light intensity.

PMID- 3378068
TI  - GnRH-like proteins in cows: concentrations during corpora lutea development and
      selective localization in granulosal cells.
AB  - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like proteins with anti-gonadotropic
      properties were recently discovered in the ovaries of several species, including
      humans. Since neither GnRH receptors nor GnRH are in bovine ovarian tissue, we
      examined, in the present studies, whether concentrations of GnRH-like proteins
      varied during development of the corpus luteum (CL) and whether GnRH-like
      proteins were selectively localized in ovarian cells of cows. For these studies,
      GnRH-like proteins were extracted from various ovarian and nonovarian tissues and
      fluids and fractionated for hydrophobic interaction chromatography. A highly
      specific and sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to quantify
      concentrations of GnRH-like proteins. The major findings of these studies
      demonstrated that 1) the amount of GnRH-like proteins in the corpus luteum (CL)
      was proportional to the weight of the CL; 2) the concentration of GnRH-like
      proteins in luteal tissue decreased during development of the CL; 3) GnRH-like
      proteins were in ovarian and numerous nonovarian tissues, but were not in the
      heart, plasma, or follicular fluid; 4) the retention time for GnRH-like proteins
      following high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) varied with the tissue
      source; and 5) compared with all other tissues, the greatest concentration of
      GnRH-like proteins was in granulosal cells. We concluded that the concentration
      of GnRH-like proteins in luteal cells decreased during development of the CL, and
      that a specific GnRH-like protein was selectively localized in bovine granulosal
      cells.

PMID- 3378069
TI  - Description, validation, and performance characteristics of a new computer
      automated sperm motility analysis system.
AB  - A computer-automated sperm motility assay (CASMA) system has been developed that
      provides a rapid and accurate analysis of multiple sperm movement parameters and
      a new measure of linearity, the linear deviation angle. CASMA provides objective,
      unbiased sampling and accurate quantitation of the movement characteristics of
      200 sperm cells in 20 min. It consists of a microscope-mounted video camera, a
      high-resolution video disk recorder, a video digitizer/memory board mounted in an
      IBM 9000 microcomputer, and newly developed software. After manual recording, at
      60 frames/s, of the video sequences (takes) of sperm suspensions, each take is
      automatically played back frame by frame, digitized, and stored in video memory.
      The software searches each frame, recognizes sperm cells, randomly selects a
      preset number for analysis, and traces each cell through the sequence to generate
      sperm "tracks" that are then stored in disk memory. This process is repeated for
      each take. Analysis of the stored tracks of each take yields the mean +/- SEM of
      the standard sperm motility parameters: percent motile (%M), curvilinear velocity
      (VC), net velocity (Vn), position-averaged velocity (Va), linear index (Vn/Va),
      progressiveness ration (Vn/Vc), and curvilinear progressiveness ratio (Va/Vc).
      Additionally, CASMA allows measurement of the linear deviation angle, a more
      direct measure of the linearity of sperm movement. For statistical comparisons,
      multiple takes can be considered either as replicates or separate experimental
      determinations. Finally, for more detailed analysis, each individually stored
      track, with its associated parameters, or histogram distributions of all sperm
      for each parameter can be displayed and printed. The performance of CASMA was
      evaluated by comparison of CASMA-determined movement parameters with manually
      determined values derived from the same sperm cells in the same video sequence
      and by comparison with published values determined using microcinematographic
      techniques. In each case, the CASMA values were essentially identical to those
      determined by manual measurements. Finally, CASMA accurately quantitates the
      linearity of sperm movement, a characteristic previously determined only by much
      more time-consuming methods. CASMA is a rapid and accurate system for measuring
      washed bull sperm motility and has reliably analyzed monkey and elephant sperm.
      The system has the potential to quantitate motility equally well with sperm from
      any species that have similar sperm head size.

PMID- 3378070
TI  - Receptors for luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in largest
      follicles of postpartum beef cows.
AB  - Follicles collected from cows destined to enter relatively normal or short luteal
      phases if induced to ovulate were compared for numbers of receptors for
      luteinizing hormone (LH) in granulosal and thecal cells and for follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) in granulosal cells. Eleven suckled beef cows received
      ear implants of 6 mg norgestomet for 9 days (expected normal luteal phase) and 11
      served as controls (expected short luteal phase). At 48 h after implants were
      removed (average 34 days postpartum), the ovary containing the largest follicle
      was identified by transrectal ultrasound and removed. The largest follicle was
      dissected free of surrounding ovarian stroma and frozen in liquid nitrogen.
      Thecal and granulosal cells were isolated, and numbers of receptors for LH and
      FSH in granulosal cells and for LH in thecal cells were quantified.
      Concentrations of estradiol were measured in follicular fluid. Both granulosal
      and thecal cells from norgestomet-treated cows had greater numbers of receptors
      for LH than did those from control cows (p less than 0.01). Numbers of receptors
      for FSH in granulosal cells did not differ between treated and control cows.
      Follicles from norgestomet-treated cows were heavier (p less than 0.01) than
      follicles from control cows, mostly due to greater amounts of follicular fluid (p
      less than 0.01). Concentrations of estradiol were higher in follicular fluid from
      the treated cows (p less than 0.05). It is suggested that increases in numbers of
      follicular receptors for LH and secretion of estradiol are integral components of
      a sequence of events by which norgestomet prepares follicles to become fully
      functional corpora lutea.

PMID- 3378071
TI  - Estrogen induces estrus unaccompanied by a preovulatory surge in luteinizing
      hormone in suckled sows.
AB  - The objective was to determine if progressive changes occurred in incidence of
      estrus and patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH) after estradiol benzoate (EB)
      administration at three stages of lactation. Estradiol benzoate (800 micrograms)
      was injected at the beginning of the second (7.8 +/- 0.3 days, range 7-8, n = 4),
      third (15.6 +/- 0.3 days, range 15-16 days, n = 5), or fourth (23.3 +/- 0.5 days,
      range 22-24, n = 4) wk of lactation. Interval to estrus (h) and proportion in
      estrus (in parentheses) were 72 (1/4), 88.5 (4/5), and 99 (4/4; pooled SEM = 3.5)
      for the second, third, and fourth weeks, respectively. Only one animal ovulated
      during lactation (third week). This animal had a progesterone concentration of 17
      ng/ml 1 wk after estrus and an LH concentration above 2.0 ng/ml for 72 through 90
      h after EB. In other sows, LH remained less than 1.0 ng/ml after EB. Patterns of
      LH after EB in sows treated during the fourth week of lactation were increased to
      a maximum of 0.76 ng/ml by 120 h after EB, which was greater than for those
      treated during the second or third week (maxima of 0.38 and 0.32 ng/ml,
      respectively; pooled SEM = 0.07; p less than 0.05). Concentrations of LH in sows
      that exhibited estrus were greater both before and after treatment than in sows
      that did not exhibit estrus after EB (p less than 0.05). By 2 wk after weaning, 8
      sows had ovulated (6 of these exhibited estrus), and there were no effects of
      stage of lactation on these responses. We concluded that the behavioral
      responsiveness to EB increased as lactation progressed. The increased LH in sows
      treated during the fourth week indicated a partial recovery of the positive
      feedback response to EB. These data suggested that separate mechanisms caused
      behavioral and gonadotropin responses to EB in lactating sows.

PMID- 3378072
TI  - Uterine steroid hormone receptors during the estrous cycle and during hibernation
      in the Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti).
AB  - The Turkish hamster is a long-day breeder that hibernates for 4-5 mo if exposed
      to a short-day, cold environment. The objective of this study was to assess the
      uterine responsiveness of the hibernating animal to ovarian steroids. Our
      approach was 1) to characterize and determine uterine estrogen (E) and
      progesterone (P) receptors (R) during hibernation as compared to the levels
      observed in cycling females that had terminated hibernation, and 2) to assess the
      responsiveness of the uterus to E during hibernation by its ability to induce
      uterine P receptor. Females were exposed to short days (10L:14D) for 2 mo and
      then were placed in a cold-room (10L: 14D, 6 +/- 1 degrees C). After 2 or 4 mo in
      the cold, hibernating animals were killed and uterine steroid receptors were
      determined by 3H-steroid binding assay. Uterine receptors were also determined in
      cycling Turkish hamsters on each morning of the estrous cycle. Values for uterine
      receptors (pmol/g tissue, n = 4-6) during the estrous cycle (estrus, diestrus I,
      diestrus II, proestrus) were: 4.3 +/- 0.78, 3.9 +/- 0.19, 4.1 +/- 0.25, 3.7 +/-
      0.5 for cytosolic ER; 36.6 +/- 5.8, 32.2 +/- 6.8, 36.3 +/- 1.5, 54.4 +/- 1.9 for
      cytosolic PR; 0.59 +/- 0.11, 0.54 +/- 0.07, 1.06 +/- 0.05, 1.42 +/- 0.17 for
      nuclear ER. Hibernating (torpid) animals sampled after 2 mo in the cold showed a
      significant (p less than 0.05) depression of cytosolic ER (2.6 +/- 0.12, n = 5)
      and cytosolic PR (19.0 +/- 2.6, n = 8) as compared to any day of the estrous
      cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378073
TI  - Changes in lipid contents and fatty acid compositions in ovine corpora lutea
      during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy.
AB  - Changes in lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of each lipid fraction were
      examined in corpora lutea from 34 unmated ewes between Days 8 and 16 of the
      estrous cycle and from 6 ewes at Day 16 of pregnancy. Four patterns were observed
      during advancement of the estrous cycle. Luteal concentrations of free
      cholesterol and triglyceride (neutral lipids) increased between Days 14 and 16,
      during luteal regression, in a manner approximated by exponential functions of
      time, whereas luteal concentrations of phospholipid (polar lipids) increased and
      then decreased between Days 8 and 16 in a manner approximated by a sin function
      of time. Likewise, within the various lipid class component fatty acids, changes
      in palmitic acid weight percentages were approximated by sin functions of time,
      whereas arachidonic acid weight percentages increased between Days 14 and 16 in a
      manner approximated by exponential functions of time. Pregnancy either inhibited
      or reversed the changes in luteal lipid profiles, especially arachidonic acid
      percentages, between Days 14 and 16 of the estrous cycle. Luteal lipid profiles
      of corpora lutea from Day 16 pregnant sheep approximated lipid profiles of
      corpora lutea recovered from sheep between Days 12 and 14 of the estrous cycle.
      Comparison of luteal lipid profiles after tissue incubations at either 0 or 37
      degrees C for 2 h revealed an effect of reproductive status on fatty acid
      metabolisms at Day 16. Changes observed in luteal lipid contents and fatty acid
      compositions during advancement of the estrous cycle represent aspects of lutein
      cell maturation and impending senescence that can be inhibited or reversed by
      pregnancy.

PMID- 3378074
TI  - Plasma androgen and gonadotropin levels during hibernation and testicular
      maturation in golden-mantled ground squirrels.
AB  - The 4-5-mo hibernation season of golden-mantled ground squirrels consists of
      extended torpor bouts interspersed with brief, periodic intervals of normothermic
      arousal. Plasma levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and degree of scrotal pigmentation were
      measured in torpid and aroused male ground squirrels throughout a season of
      hibernation and in active animals after the termination of torpor. T was basal in
      torpid animals; beginning 3 weeks before torpor ended, T was elevated in
      normothermic males during the first half of periodic arousals but returned to
      basal levels before animals reentered torpor. After the last (terminal) arousal
      from torpor, T levels were moderately elevated for 4 wk and maximal for the next
      6 wk before they returned to basal values. LH patterns were similar to those of
      T; however, levels of T and LH were positively correlated only in aroused or
      posthibernation males. FSH levels remained constant and low during most of the
      heterothermic season but increased in several torpid males within 3 days of
      terminal arousal. FSH levels peaked 2 wk after the end of heterothermy. Scrotal
      pigmentation developed over the first 4 wk after terminal arousal. Maturation of
      reproductive function occurs during the 4 wk after termination of heterothermy,
      but elevated levels of T during arousals and variable levels of FSH in the last
      days of torpor suggest that activation or increased sensitivity of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is important in the termination of
      heterothermy in ground squirrels.

PMID- 3378075
TI  - A novel postcopulatory block of reproduction in white-footed mice.
AB  - Female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) fail to produce offspring when
      paired with a male from weaning until 150 days of age if an adult female or her
      odor is also present. The present study delineates more clearly which stage of
      the young female's reproductive cycle is inhibited by the chemosignal of the
      older female. Age at vaginal opening and first estrus are delayed by the presence
      of the older female, but only for about 10 days. The presence of a male
      counteracts this delay. Thus, the basis for the block is not a delay in puberty.
      The older female's presence does not influence the number of estrous cycles
      experienced during the 30 days following first estrus, nor does it influence the
      number of corpora lutea found at autopsy. The presence of sperm in the vaginae of
      young females indicates that they were copulating. Likewise, examination of
      embryos 2 and 3 days after copulation reveals normal developmental progress.
      However, implantation does not occur in young females that have been exposed to
      an adult female. Thus, the block occurs either during the final stages of embryo
      transport or in relation to the implantation process itself.

PMID- 3378076
TI  - Effect of neonatal androgenization on positive feedback in female mice.
AB  - Exposure of female mice to androgens within 5 days of birth impairs fertility.
      Such treatment in rats results in a post-pubertal acyclic state of persistent
      vaginal cornification and in an inability, when ovariectomized, to show normal
      positive feedback on luteinizing hormone (LH) release in response to steroid
      challenge. In the present study, we explored whether neonatally androgenized mice
      demonstrate positive feedback. Female mice were administered 100 micrograms of
      testosterone propionate (TP) on either Day 1 (TP1) or Day 5 (TP5) after birth, or
      vehicle on Day 1 (SO1). Androgen-treated mice had a statistically significant
      advance in onset of vaginal opening as compared with vehicle-treated mice. All
      mice that received TP entered constant vaginal estrus, whereas those given
      vehicle showed variable cytology. All mice were ovariectomized at 7 wk of age and
      received Silastic capsules containing a priming dose of 17 beta-estradiol. When
      all mice were challenged 1 wk later with sequential administration of estradiol
      benzoate and progesterone, a significant increase in plasma LH level was present
      only in the vehicle-treated mice. We conclude that neonatal androgenization
      defeminizes the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling gonadotropin release.

PMID- 3378077
TI  - Termination of gonadal refractoriness in Turkish hamsters, Mesocricetus brandti.
AB  - The Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) is a photoperiodic species. In this
      investigation, we characterized the photoperiodic requirements for termination of
      gonadal refractoriness, defined as the inability of the animal to respond to
      short-day treatment with gonadal regression. Paired testes weights were reduced
      to less than 20% of their original weight by 10 wk of 12L:12D treatment. This was
      followed by spontaneous testicular recrudescence (completed by Week 25 of 12L:12D
      treatment), the overt indication of refractoriness to short photoperiods. Next,
      the period of long-day exposure sufficient for termination of refractoriness was
      determined. Refractory males were exposed to 16L:8D for 5 to 20 wk. Ten weeks of
      16L:8D treatment was enough for the animals to regain the sensitivity to a second
      challenge of 12L:12D treatment. Fifteen weeks of 20L:4D or 16L:8D terminated
      refractoriness in female Turkish hamsters; 20L:4D therefore was not interpreted
      as a short day by refractory hamsters. This was unexpected because in
      photosensitive animals this photoperiod acts like a short day, causing gonadal
      regression. These results suggest that Turkish hamsters are similar to Syrian
      hamsters in that both species require two or more months of long days in summer
      to recover sensitivity to the short days of the following fall.

PMID- 3378078
TI  - Age-related morphological and functional changes in the Leydig cells of the
      horse.
AB  - Two ultrastructurally distinct types of Leydig cells were observed in the equine
      testis. Whereas the adult testis exhibited both postpubertal and adult Leydig
      cells, the testis of the pubertal horse contained only the postpubertal type, and
      that of the aged horse contained only the adult type. However, Percoll-purified
      testicular preparations from pubertal, adult, and aged horses all exhibited two
      distinct Leydig cell populations. The quantitative distribution and the
      functional characteristics of these Leydig cell populations (ability to bind
      human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] and increase of testosterone production after
      hCG stimulation) evolved with the age of the horse. It is concluded that equine
      Leydig cells derive from two redundant successive postnatal generations and that
      there is no strict correlation between the functional properties and the
      morphological characteristics of these cells.

PMID- 3378079
TI  - Changes in lectin-binding features of ram sperm surfaces associated with
      epididymal maturation and ejaculation.
AB  - Ram sperm, isolated from the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymidis, plus
      ejaculated cells were washed free of loosely bound components and tested for
      their ability to bind fluorescein-conjugated lectins (Con A, SBA, RCA, PNA, ECA
      and WGA) as assessed by epiluminescent-fluorescence light microscopy and flow
      cytometry. Detailed preliminary studies established an appropriate lectin-to
      sperm ratio and incubation conditions for quantitative comparisons of sperm cell
      types and permitted a detailed analysis of both the amount of lectin bound as
      well as its distribution on the various aspects of the cell surface. Con A
      (mannose positive) bound weakly over the entire surface, with little change
      associated with maturation in the male tract. SBA (N-acetylgalactosamine
      positive) bound moderately strongly to caput sperm, with an emphasis on the
      apical ridge portion of the cell; during epididymal transit this binding was
      greatly diminished and was regained upon ejaculation. RCA, PNA, and ECA
      (galactose positive) gave generally equivalent results, where initially strong
      binding to the entire sperm surface decreased (over all parts of the surface
      except the anterior head) during epididymal maturation, with no change associated
      with ejaculation. WGA (sialic acid positive) binding initially was weak, but
      increased with epididymal transit and ejaculation. In vitro incubations with beta
      galactosidase and neuraminidase confirmed the assignments given above. These
      data, when coupled with previous reports describing the heterogeneous
      distribution of proteins and lipids and changes in their distribution associated
      with epididymal maturation, serve to quantitatively describe changes in those
      aspects of the cell surface that are probably responsible for the acquisition of
      the capacity of the sperm to bind successfully to the oocyte.

PMID- 3378081
TI  - Identification and partial characterization of caltrin-like proteins in the
      reproductive tract of the guinea pig.
AB  - The presence of caltrin-like proteins in reproductive tract fluid (RTF) and
      seminal vesicle content from male guinea pigs has been determined. Two fractions
      with electrophoretic mobility corresponding to Mr = 6200 (main band) and 5100
      were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
      Western blotting. Isoelectric focusing in thin-layer agarose gels revealed three
      bands with acidic pIs of 5.3, 6.0, and 6.2, respectively. RTF prevented the
      enhancement of calcium permeability induced by incubating guinea pig epididymal
      spermatozoa in medium for capacitation. Spermatozoa incubated for 2 h in minimal
      culture medium plus pyruvate and lactate containing RTF accumulated less than 30%
      of the 45Ca2+ accumulated by cells maintained in absence of this fluid. Calcium
      uptake by preincubated spermatozoa was also inhibited by RTF. Inhibition of
      calcium transport activity by RTF and seminal vesicle proteins was not decreased
      by heating the dialyzed preparations at 60 degrees C for 5 min. After this
      treatment, the inhibitory activity and the protein pattern were stable for 3 wk
      when stored at 4 degrees C. Unheated extracts lost calcium transport inhibitory
      activity after 2 or 3 days at 4 degrees C. In spite of the differences in pIs
      among the proteins from the guinea pig reproductive tract and bovine caltrin,
      several features indicate they may play a similar role in both species by
      controlling Ca2+ movement across the plasma membrane. By this mechanism, these
      proteins could regulate physiologic events essential for the fertilization
      process.

PMID- 3378082
TI  - Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual Rocky Mountain Bioengineering Symposium
      and the twenty-fifth International ISA Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation
      Symposium. April 25-26, 1988, Colorado Springs, Colorado.

PMID- 3378080
TI  - Characterization of bovine conceptus proteins produced during the peri- and
      postattachment periods of early pregnancy.
AB  - Bovine conceptuses removed from the uterus during the peri- and postattachment
      periods of placentation (Days 17-24 and 26-38, respectively) were cultured in a
      modified minimum essential medium in the presence of L-[3H]leucine to
      characterize in vitro synthesis of proteins released into the medium. Patterns of
      protein production were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis followed by fluorography of dried gels. Four groups of low
      molecular weight acidic proteins (LMWAP) were observed to be synthesized during
      the peri- and postattachment periods. The number and relative concentrations of
      these changed with development. One group (A) consisted of three major and two or
      more minor isoelectric species (pI approximately equal to 5.8-6.8); these were
      the major synthesized proteins observed from Days 17-22. The major polypeptides
      of Group A were present at all time points examined through Day 38 and, in
      several preparations, appeared as doublets (Mr approximately equal to 22,000 and
      24,000) through Day 29 but not thereafter. Group A polypeptides from Day 19 and
      36 conceptus cultures were demonstrated by immunoblot analysis to cross-react
      with antiserum produced against ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1). A second
      group of proteins (A1) and a single protein (B) in the 20,000-24,000 Mr range
      were observed between Days 17 and 22. These were acidic relative to Group A and
      were not detected after Day 22. A fourth group (C) of LMWAP (Mr approximately
      equal to 14,000-18,000) was first observed around Day 21 and appeared to increase
      relative to Group A through Day 29. One protein from this group, C3, was the
      predominant LMWAP at Day 38.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378083
TI  - The application of microcomputer-based image procession system to medical
      imaging.

PMID- 3378084
TI  - Development of a ceramic delivery system for sustained release of 1,1,1
      trichloroethane.

PMID- 3378085
TI  - A current dipole model for localization of neurological sources.

PMID- 3378086
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of rabbit aortic wall thickness using ultrasound and
      histological analysis.

PMID- 3378087
TI  - Computer analysis of Air Force aviator oral health status.

PMID- 3378088
TI  - Dental laboratory vacuum systems.

PMID- 3378089
TI  - Frequency domain estimates of brain averaged evoked potentials.

PMID- 3378090
TI  - Clinical evaluation of pitch perception from a monopolar cochlear implant.

PMID- 3378091
TI  - Arterial vascular compliance response to exercise in hypertension.

PMID- 3378092
TI  - Applicability of 2nd degree, 2nd order mechanical models to step forced rabbit
      carotid sinus wall distension.

PMID- 3378093
TI  - Observations on neural activity at the end of saccadic eye movements.

PMID- 3378094
TI  - Modelling of ECoG in temporal lobe epilepsy.

PMID- 3378095
TI  - An expert system for multichannel sleep EEG/EOG signal analysis.

PMID- 3378096
TI  - A non-pulsatile multiple model for pharmacokinetics simulation.

PMID- 3378098
TI  - Using memory cards for biomedical applications.

PMID- 3378097
TI  - A device to measure breath by breath occlusion pressure.

PMID- 3378099
TI  - Data acquisition and control of behavioral avoidance tests in rats.

PMID- 3378101
TI  - FM detection system for use with variable capacitance-or inductance-based
      transducers.

PMID- 3378100
TI  - Handling-induced convulsions (HIC) as a sensitive index of hyperexcitability
      associated with the high pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS).

PMID- 3378102
TI  - A biochemical videomicroscope system for intravital two-dimensional
      microspectrophotometry.

PMID- 3378104
TI  - Distributed clinic monitoring and communication system.

PMID- 3378103
TI  - Blood platelet concentration sensor.

PMID- 3378105
TI  - Potential retinal hazards of dental visible-light resin curing units.

PMID- 3378106
TI  - A new practical method to detect respiratory muscle fatigue.

PMID- 3378107
TI  - Phase variation between electric and magnetic signals measured simultaneously in
      human subjects.

PMID- 3378108
TI  - Feature recognition in skull X-rays using digital image processing techniques.

PMID- 3378109
TI  - A software package for online signal averaging.

PMID- 3378110
TI  - Strain rate dependent permanent deformation of human wrist ligaments.

PMID- 3378111
TI  - Kinematic effects on the knee joint due to running on a mediolateral tilt.

PMID- 3378112
TI  - Upper extremity kinematics assessment using four coupled six degree of freedom
      sensors.

PMID- 3378113
TI  - Short term assessment of reconstituted collagen tendon/ligament prosthesis.

PMID- 3378114
TI  - On the design of FIR digital filters for the processing of biomedical signals.

PMID- 3378115
TI  - Effect of proteoglycans on collagen fiber formation.

PMID- 3378116
TI  - Comparison of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sustained release of testosterone
      by ALCAP delivery devices.

PMID- 3378117
TI  - Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry of a polycyclic peptide antibiotic, nisin.
AB  - The polycyclic peptide antibiotic, Nisin, has been analysed by plasma desorption
      mass spectrometry using two different sample preparation techniques and two
      versions of the commercial plasma desorption mass spectrometer, and a prototype
      with high resolving power. The spectra obtained allow identification of a major
      component and two minor analogues. Extensive fragmentation is observed in samples
      prepared by the electrospray technique, whereas only ions indicating the
      molecular weight are produced when the sample is adsorbed on nitrocellulose.

PMID- 3378118
TI  - Automated profiling of urinary organic acids by dual-column gas chromatography
      and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
AB  - A multi-stage screening and identification scheme for the diagnosis of inborn
      errors in amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate and intermediary metabolism is
      described. The method is based on a computerized analysis of data obtained with
      dual-column gas chromatography/FID (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry (GC/MS) profiling of urinary organic acids. It involves: (1)
      isolation of the compounds by solvent or solid-phase extraction; (2) conversion
      into trimethylsilyl (TMS) or TMS-oxime derivatives; (3) GC/FID analysis on SE-52
      and OV-1701 capillary columns; (4) tentative identification by comparing the
      methylene unit (MU) values on both columns with a user-built library of reference
      compounds; (5) quantitative evaluation of the excretion profile; and (6) analysis
      by GC/MS of samples with an abnormal profile using an automated peak
      identification programme.

PMID- 3378119
TI  - Identification of a biliary metabolite of cisapride.
AB  - Radiolabeled cisapride was administered orally to male Wistar rats. The drug was
      metabolized extensively, resulting in the formation of a large number of urinary
      and faecal metabolites. In bile-cannulated rats a major metabolite was excreted
      with the bile whose structure could not be elucidated with the aid of the
      registered electron impact and desorption chemical ionization spectra. Therefore
      the biliary metabolite was subjected to extensive analytical procedures combining
      fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, thermospray liquid chromatography/mass
      spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet analysis. The results of
      this study allowed the identification of the biliary metabolite as the O-sulphate
      of metabolically formed 3'-hydroxy-cisapride.

PMID- 3378121
TI  - A viral aetiology for juvenile chronic arthritis?

PMID- 3378120
TI  - Collisional spectroscopy in structural characterization of melanins. 2--Laser
      desorption experiments on bio- and synthetic tryptophan melanins.
AB  - Melanins are naturally occurring macromolecules whose structural complexity
      appeared evident from the first researches of Quilico. Their structural
      characterization remains a difficult problem, mainly due to the physico-chemical
      properties of such compounds. Melanins are insoluble in organic solvents as well
      as aqueous solutions and are infusible. Consequently the traditional chemical
      degradation and physicochemical methods such as ultraviolet, infrared, 1H and 13C
      nuclear magnetic resonance, ESR (electron spin resonance), XPS (X-rays
      photoelectron spectroscopy) and X-ray diffraction have led, until now, to limited
      information on melanin chemical structure.

PMID- 3378122
TI  - Antibodies to influenza A in a cluster of children with juvenile chronic
      arthritis.
AB  - In this study of 41 patients with progressive juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA),
      born between 1946 and 1970, it was noticed that 14 were born in the same year
      (1963). The possibility of a common environmental factor was therefore
      investigated. Records showed that an epidemic of influenza A H2N2 was present in
      that year, and the study shows that JCA patients born in 1963 still have a higher
      level of antibody to influenza A H2N2 than JCA patients born in other years or
      age-matched controls. This elevation is not seen in a survey of three control
      viruses. Since this group developed their clinical JCA after the appearance of
      influenza A H3N2 in 1977, it is suggested that these patients developed a
      progressive arthropathy because they had been pre-sensitized to influenza A by
      contact with an earlier strain when in utero.

PMID- 3378123
TI  - Neutropenia and infections in Felty's syndrome.
AB  - Fifteen patients with Felty's syndrome (FS) were studied prospectively during a 3
      year period to determine the influence of multiple haematologic parameters on the
      incidence of infections. An increased risk of recurrent major and minor
      infections was primarily related to peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cell (PMN)
      counts of less than 0.1 x 10(9)/l. Bone marrow lymphocytosis, a decreased
      percentage of PMN in bone marrow differential counts and an impaired in vitro
      growth of colony-forming unit-PMN macrophage were also related to an increased
      incidence of infection but were predominantly present in patients with less than
      0.1 x 10(9)/l circulating PMN. The maximal response in the number of circulating
      PMN measured after injection of epinephrine and hydrocortisone varied
      substantially within patients, but those with less than 0.1 x 10(9)/l PMN always
      had lower responses than those with greater than 0.1 x 10(9)/l PMN. These
      variables did not therefore contribute to the identification of FS patients at
      risk of infection.

PMID- 3378124
TI  - High prevalence of unrecognized osteomalacia in hospital patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - A consecutive series of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) admitted over
      a 6-month period to the rheumatology unit of a District General Hospital were
      screened for possible osteomalacia. Transiliac bone biopsies were performed in 14
      patients where the above diagnosis was suspected, yielding four (12.9%) cases of
      osteomalacia. All affected patients were elderly women who had a poor diet and
      were virtually housebound. Additional risk factors in two cases were partial
      gastrectomy and occult coeliac disease. Biochemical screening was of limited
      value in differential diagnosis, since elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels
      were noted in both osteomalacic and non-osteomalacic patients. This study
      indicates that, in the West of Scotland at least, osteomalacia is a common,
      easily overlooked and treatable cause of morbidity in elderly patients with RA.

PMID- 3378126
TI  - Errors in the prediction of creatinine clearance in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - The accuracy of two equations used to predict creatinine clearance was assessed
      in 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 34 controls. Both equations
      were accurate in controls, but overestimated the clearance in RA patients. The
      degree of overestimation was not related to patient characteristics. Uncritical
      use of these equations in RA patients may lead to serious error.

PMID- 3378125
TI  - Acute changes in calcium and bone metabolism during methylprednisolone pulse
      therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Corticosteroids (CS) decrease bone formation and enhance bone resorption and this
      can lead to osteopenia. Bone metabolism was studied during the administration of
      huge amounts of CS (1000 mg methylprednisolone) over a short period of time in 10
      patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis. The effects could be
      divided into those occurring within 24 h: (a) a decrease in bone resorption
      (urinary excretion of calcium and hydroxyproline) and bone formation (alkaline
      phosphatase); (b) a decrease in renal excretion of calcium; (c) an increase in
      concentration of serum 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol and those secondary effects
      arising after 24 h; (d) a decrease in serum calcium due to the decrease in
      intestinal Ca absorption and the decrease in renal tubular reabsorption of Ca;
      (e) an increase in serum PTH concentrations. In a previous study it was found
      that these changes normalized within a few days after completion of the CS
      treatment.

PMID- 3378127
TI  - Small-intestinal perforation secondary to localized giant-cell arteritis of the
      mesenteric vessels.
AB  - This report describes small-bowel perforation caused by giant-cell arteritis of
      the regional mesenteric vessels. No evidence of giant-cell arteritis at other
      sites was discovered and 18 months after presentation the patient remains well
      and symptom-free.

PMID- 3378128
TI  - Sarcoidosis and spondarthritis.

PMID- 3378129
TI  - Joint laxity and ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3378130
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis and acromegaly--effect of growth factors on RA?

PMID- 3378131
TI  - Tri-iodothyronine in Raynaud's phenomenon: further objective evidence of its
      beneficial effect.

PMID- 3378132
TI  - Ileocolonoscopy and spondarthritis.

PMID- 3378133
TI  - Anaemia and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 3378134
TI  - Dr Gee cleared of serious professional misconduct.

PMID- 3378135
TI  - Disciplining doctors: the need for better methods.

PMID- 3378136
TI  - Orienting of visual attention in progressive supranuclear palsy.
AB  - Orienting of visual attention was studied in 8 patients with progressive
      supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 8 parkinsonian control subjects. While maintaining
      fixation on the centre of a visual display, subjects made simple reaction time
      (RT) key press responses on detecting visual targets which appeared above, below,
      to the left or right, equidistant from fixation. On each trial the target was
      preceded by a preparatory cue, either a peripheral luminance change or a central
      arrow, to summon attention to one of the four locations. The orienting of
      attention was measured as a facilitation in detection RT at the cued location.
      For the parkinsonian controls, this facilitation was equal for horizontal and
      vertical directions, whereas for both types of cues, PSP patients were slower
      moving attention in the vertical than in the horizontal plane. Midbrain
      retinotectal pathways are important not only for controlling eye movements, but
      also for orienting attention.

PMID- 3378137
TI  - Some proprioceptive influences on the perceptual representation of body shape and
      orientation.
AB  - Perception of the surface contour of the body is generally thought to depend on
      topographically organized neural maps of somatosensation in the thalamus and
      cortex. Recent neurophysiological studies indicate that these maps are
      potentially modifiable through alterations in their sensory input. We present
      evidence that the apparent shape and orientation of the body can be changed
      within seconds by using muscle vibration to generate proprioceptive
      misinformation about limb position. Depending on the position of the hands or
      feet in relation to the rest of the body and to the test chamber, it is possible
      to generate systematic perceptual distortions of the body and changes in the
      apparent orientation of the body. Some implications of these observations for the
      maintenance of an accurate body schema, for spatial orientation, and for the
      encoding of ocular position are described.

PMID- 3378138
TI  - 'Frontal' cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease 'on' and 'off'
      levodopa.
AB  - A wide range of cognitive impairments can be observed in patients with
      Parkinson's disease. A close parallel exists between these deficits and those
      found following damage to prefrontal cortex. Anatomical evidence is reviewed
      which reveals a complex pattern of neuronal circuits connecting the frontal
      cortex and basal ganglia. All these circuits are in some way dependent upon
      dopamine, suggesting that changes in the levels of dopamine stimulation may alter
      performance on 'frontal' tests. To test this hypothesis, a group of patients with
      Parkinson's disease were assessed both on and off levodopa treatment, on a range
      of tests selected from the human and animal experimental literature as being
      sensitive to disruption of prefrontal cortex. A variable pattern of results was
      obtained. On one test, a measure of verbal fluency, patients were impaired,
      compared with normal controls, only when off levodopa. On two measures,
      associative conditional learning and subject-ordered pointing, patients were
      impaired only when on levodopa, while on the final measures, the Wisconsin Card
      Sorting Test, patients were impaired both on and off levodopa. Two mechanisms are
      discussed to explain these results, one based on the effects of dopamine
      depletion, and the other based on the adverse effects of dopamine
      overstimulation. The results suggest that different areas of prefrontal cortex
      are involved in the tasks employed, and that functional levels of dopamine in
      separate areas of cortex and caudate may differ crucially in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3378139
TI  - Internal versus external cues and the control of attention in Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - In recent years, several attempts have been made to characterize the nature of
      the cognitive deficits shown by patients with Parkinson's disease. It has been
      suggested variously that they have difficulty in switching cognitive set, in
      performing effortful (or controlled) as opposed to automatic tasks, or that their
      impairment is found in tasks which maximize the amount of 'self-directed task
      specific planning'. It is proposed that this latter distinction may be
      reformulated in terms of the degree of internal versus external attentional
      control which is required by the task. An experiment is described which attempted
      to manipulate this parameter. A version of the Stroop colour-word test was used,
      in which the words 'red' and 'green' were presented in the complementary coloured
      'ink'. Subjects responded either to the colour of the ink in which the word was
      written or the colour named by the word. The relevant attribute changed at
      intervals during the course of the experiment. In one condition, the relevant
      stimulus attribute was cued before each trial. In another condition, subjects had
      to remember which attribute was currently relevant. Results revealed that
      patients with Parkinson's disease were impaired mainly on the second version of
      the task which required internal attentional control. The results are discussed
      in relation to the models of Working Memory (Baddeley, 1986), and attentional
      control (Norman and Shallice, 1980). Exploration of these models leads to the
      formulation of a theory in which the crucial determinant of cognitive impairment
      in Parkinson's disease is reduced resources in the Supervisory Attentional
      System. Provided the demands of the task are within the patient's available
      attentional resources the patient may not show any deficit. If, however, the
      attentional demands exceed available resources, as in tasks which depend upon
      internal cues, then deficits will be observed.

PMID- 3378140
TI  - An investigation into perceptual completion in blind areas of the visual field.
AB  - The perceptual completion phenomenon refers to seeing a figure as complete when
      part of it falls in a blind area of the visual field. This phenomenon and the
      conditions for its occurrence were examined in three different situations: over
      the retinal blind spot, across the midline of the visual field in
      commissurotomized patients, and in the blind visual field in hemianopic patients.
      Responses of complete perception were obtained in each of the three conditions,
      but they were not all the result of a genuine perceptual completion process.
      Reports of vision over the retinal blind spot qualified as genuine perceptual
      completion. In the other two situations, reports suggestive of completion could
      be entirely eliminated in all but one hemianopic patient by manipulating
      parameters inherently involved in the evaluation of perceptual completion. The
      nature of perception, the characteristics and properties of the experimental task
      and stimuli, the mode of response, the patient's mental status, and eccentric eye
      fixation, all contributed towards reports of complete perception for reasons
      other than a process of completing the missing information. Evidence of
      completion was found in one patient who could see more distinctly in his affected
      field with bilateral stimulation than with stimulation of the affected field
      alone. The results suggest that perceptual completion in the hemianopic field is
      not a common phenomenon and that reports of complete perception are determined by
      many factors, not all related to seeing more than is objectively available. The
      results also indicate that the hemianopic defect does not function as an extended
      blind spot. Possible mechanisms underlying perceptual completion over the blind
      spot and the hemianopic field are suggested.

PMID- 3378141
TI  - Depressive disorders following posterior circulation as compared with middle
      cerebral artery infarcts.
AB  - Patients with cerebrovascular lesions in the posterior circulation territory (PC)
      were compared with patients having middle cerebral artery territory (MCA) strokes
      for the presence of mood disorders. Both groups showed a similar profile of
      clinical symptoms of depression during the acute evaluation in hospital. Patients
      with posterior circulation lesions involving the brainstem and/or cerebellum
      demonstrated a significantly lower frequency of depression than patients with MCA
      lesions or patients with posterior circulation lesions involving the left
      cerebral hemisphere. Moreover, depression following brainstem and/or cellebellar
      infarcts was of significantly shorter duration than depression following MCA
      lesions. These differences in the frequency and duration of depression following
      brainstem/cerebellar as compared with MCA lesions were not explained by
      differences in lesion volume, physical impairment, cognitive deficits or quality
      of social support. They suggest that PC and MCA induced depression may have
      different aetiologies.

PMID- 3378142
TI  - Patterns of conduction failure in the Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - Within the limits of the Guillain-Barre syndrome, the pattern of clinical deficit
      is variable. Motor deficit may begin proximally or distally in the extremities
      and sensory deficit is sometimes, but not always present. Longitudinal studies
      were performed in 13 patients, starting during the progressive phase. The
      severity of the clinical deficit was related to the amplitude of the compound
      muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs). Two
      patterns were detected, but could only be reliably distinguished during the
      progressive phase of the disease. (1) A length-dependent reduction of the CMAP,
      i.e., a progressive decrease of the CMAP on moving the stimulating electrode to
      more proximal stimulation sites. This could often be attributed to conduction
      block. In this pattern (Group A), the sensory potentials were spared with only 1
      exception. These patients had motor involvement without sensory deficit and the
      myotatic reflexes could be preserved up to MRC grade 3 paresis. (2) A simple
      reduction of the CMAP, i.e., the amplitude decreased during clinical
      deterioration, but during a single investigation remained similar for stimulation
      at all levels of the nerve. In this pattern (Group B), motor and sensory fibres
      were similarly involved. These patients showed both motor and sensory deficit and
      early myotatic areflexia. The second pattern might be explained by an
      immunological mechanism with a predilection for those regions of the peripheral
      nervous system where the blood-nerve barrier is naturally deficient. In the first
      pattern the discrepancy between the involvement of motor and sensory fibres
      raises new questions, the solution of which might be of importance for the
      understanding of the Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 3378143
TI  - Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres in man while standing.
AB  - Presynaptic inhibition of homonymous Ia afferent terminals to soleus, quadriceps
      and tibialis anterior motoneurons and of heteronymous Ia fibres from quadriceps
      to soleus was compared in the same subjects when standing without support and
      during a control situation (sitting or standing with back support). Changes in
      presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres were indirectly deduced from alterations in
      the amount of monosynaptic Ia facilitation elicited in motoneurons by a constant
      conditioning stimulation. Facilitation was measured during the first 0.5 ms when
      the monosynaptic Ia excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was not yet
      contaminated by polysynaptic effects evoked by the conditioning stimulation. Two
      indirect methods were used to provide an estimate of the size of the conditioning
      Ia EPSP: (1) the resulting H reflex facilitation; and (2) the peak of increased
      firing probability elicited in voluntarily activated motoneurons by stimulation
      of homonymous and heteronymous Ia fibres (poststimulus time histogram PSTH
      method). Only those PSTH experiments in which the 'spontaneous' firing rate of
      the motor unit was identical in the different positions, thus ensuring an
      identical net synaptic drive to the motoneuron, were considered. Under these
      conditions it is assumed that changes in the size of the peak of facilitation
      elicited by the monosynaptic Ia volley are likely to be caused by changes in
      presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres. It is argued that the substantial changes in
      monosynaptic Ia excitation observed when standing without support probably
      reflect changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres. Under this
      interpretation, presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres to soleus motoneurons is
      increased while standing without support, whereas presynaptic inhibition of
      homonymous Ia fibres to quadriceps motoneurons is decreased. There is no evidence
      for a change in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres to tibialis anterior
      motoneurons. The resulting alterations in the gain of the monosynaptic reflex of
      these muscles are discussed in relation to the possible role of the monosynaptic
      stretch reflex in human gait.

PMID- 3378144
TI  - Kinematic analysis of multiple movement coordination during speech in stutterers.
AB  - This study addresses the long-standing claim that stuttering reflects an
      impairment in the neuromotor coordination of multiple speech movements. Upper lip
      (UL), lower lip (LL), and jaw (J) kinematics for nonstuttered speech behaviours
      in stutterers and normal speakers were examined using quantitative indices of
      normal multiple movement coordination reported in recent studies of gait,
      reaching, grasping, and speech. While two measures of coordination--dynamic
      movement composition and intermovement motor equivalence--did not distinguish
      between stutterers and normals, stutterers manifested striking differences from
      normal on a third measure, the sequencing of UL, LL, and J movement onsets and
      velocity peaks. These findings suggest that, contrary to previous hypotheses,
      stutterers do not manifest general problems of coordination of speech movement.
      Instead, stuttering appears to be associated with a specific impairment in
      multiple movement coordination associated with sequencing of those movements.

PMID- 3378145
TI  - Pure word deafness (acquired verbal auditory agnosia) in an Arabic speaking
      patient.
AB  - A 38-year-old, right-handed Arabic-speaking male developed pure word deafness
      three days after myocardial infarction. He could recognize Arabic music and
      instruments but not words of songs; a radio broadcast from the Koran, but not the
      individual words; a male as opposed to female voice; Arabic and non-Arabic
      languages; and whether sentences were questions, exclamations, or imperatives. He
      discerned whether the speaker was emotionally neutral, happy, angry or sad.
      Contextual cues and reducing the rate of speaking aided verbal comprehension.
      Pure tone threshhold audiometry revealed mild bilateral sensorineural loss up to
      2000 Hz and a moderate high frequency loss. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials
      were normal, cortical auditory evoked potentials abnormal. CT scan revealed
      bilateral infarcts subcortically just posterior to the left superior temporal
      gyrus and the right posterior superior and midtemporal regions. Neurolinguistic
      tests indicated that the deficit is prephonemic and not due to impairment of
      linguistic discrimination.

PMID- 3378146
TI  - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-containing terminals synapse directly on
      sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat.
AB  - The ultrastructural morphology as well as neuronal and glial associations of
      phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)-containing terminals in the
      intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the thoracic spinal cord were examined in
      the rat utilizing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The PNMT
      immunoreactive terminals were 0.5-1.4 micron in diameter and contained a few
      mitochondria, a large population of small clear vesicles and from 1 to 6 large
      dense-core vesicles. The terminals formed synapses primarily with dendrites. The
      type of axodendritic association (i.e. symmetric or asymmetric) varied with the
      size of the dendrite, such that the majority of synapses on large dendrites were
      symmetric and those on smaller dendrites and dendritic spines were asymmetric.
      Moreover, most of the synaptic associations of PNMT-containing terminals were
      with the smaller dendritic processes. Many of the PNMT-labeled terminals, as well
      as their postsynaptic targets, were closely invested with, or apposed to fibrous
      astrocytic processes. In a subsequent set of experiments, we combined
      immunoautoradiographic labeling for PNMT with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
      retrograde identification of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the IML
      to determine whether or not SPNs receive direct synaptic input from the
      adrenergic terminals. In these sections, PNMT-containing terminals directly
      synapsed on the HRP-containing (i.e. retrogradely labeled SPNs) perikarya and
      dendrites. The axosomatic synapses observed between PNMT-labeled terminals and
      SPN perikarya were exclusively symmetric; whereas the type of axodendritic
      association varied depending upon the size of the dendrite such that the majority
      were asymmetric. The findings provide ultrastructural evidence that in the rat
      IML, adrenergic (i.e. PNMT-containing) terminals (1) may be either excitatory
      (asymmetric) or inhibitory (symmetric) depending on their site of termination and
      (2) can influence sympathetic nerve discharge through a direct effect on the SPN
      cell membrane.

PMID- 3378147
TI  - Muscarinic receptors in preoptic area and hypothalamus: effects of cyclicity, sex
      and estrogen treatment.
AB  - Cholinergic muscarinic receptor binding was measured in the preoptic area (POA)
      and whole hypothalamus (HTH) of adult Sprague-Dawley rats using the tritiated
      antagonist quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) as the ligand. Binding of [3H]QNB
      expressed as fmol/mg protein was 30% higher in POA than in HTH from
      gonadectomized rats. Cyclic changes were observed in the POA with the highest
      binding at proestrus and the lowest binding at diestrus. In HTH, no significant
      changes occurred over the estrous cycle. Estrogen treatment (10 micrograms of
      estradiol benzoate (EB)/120 g b. wt./48 and 24 h before sacrifice) increased
      [3H]QNB binding by 42% in the POA and 17% in HTH, relative to the ovariectomized
      controls. The enhancement of [3H]QNB binding in POA as compared with controls was
      evident with both the filtration and the centrifugation methods, although binding
      levels were higher when centrifugation assay was used. A lower estrogen dose (2
      micrograms EB/rat/48 and 24 h before sacrifice) which is routinely used to
      activate lordotic behavior in female rats increased muscarinic binding by 26% in
      the POA but had no appreciable effect in HTH. A significant sex difference was
      found in the ability of estrogen to induce [3H]QNB binding in the central nervous
      system (CNS). Estrogen was ineffective in altering [3H]QNB binding in either
      brain region of castrated males, although the level and pattern of cholinergic
      binding between untreated gonadectomized males and females were similar.2+ These
      data suggest that physiological changes in estrogen secretion over the estrous
      cycle are capable of modulating cholinergic muscarinic binding in the POA and
      these changes may be of physiological relevance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378148
TI  - Characterization of enkephalins in rat adrenal medullary explants.
AB  - In the rat, removal of depolarizing stimuli to the adrenal medulla by surgical
      denervation in vivo or by explanting adrenal medullae has been shown to
      dramatically increase preproenkephalin mRNA, and enkephalin-containing (EC)
      peptides. To further elucidate the cellular basis of these effects and the role
      of transsynaptic influences on post-translational processing, we have defined the
      time course, and characterized EC peptides in rat adrenal medullary explants in
      control and depolarized states. The rise in EC peptides begins after 1 day in
      culture and reaches a peak at 4-7 days. Although the onset of the increase in EC
      peptides in culture is delayed by 12-24 h compared to the changes seen in vivo,
      following surgical denervation, the time course of peak and duration is
      remarkably similar. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed that the major
      species of newly appearing EC peptides in explanted glands is a high molecular
      weight peptide of approximately 18,000 with a Met-/Leu-enkephalin ratio of
      approximately 6. These results suggest that proenkephalin, the initial precursor
      of the EC peptide family, is the major EC peptide that accumulates in rat adrenal
      medullary explants. A low-molecular weight EC peptide, found by high-performance
      liquid chromatography to be free Met-enkephalin, is a minor component of the
      culture induced increase in EC peptides. Culturing of medullae in the presence of
      depolarizing concentrations of K+ prevents the accumulation of the proenkephalin
      like EC peptides and free enkephalins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378149
TI  - GM1 ganglioside potentiates the effect of nerve growth factor in preventing
      vinblastine-induced sympathectomy in newborn rats.
AB  - The effects of vinblastine (VNB) and nerve growth factor (NGF) administrations
      were assessed on sympathetic nerve terminals by measuring the noradrenaline (NA)
      content in the heart, spleen and kidneys of developing animals. Six-day-old rats,
      treated with 0.15 mg/kg VNB on postnatal day 3 (P3) showed a dramatic decrease of
      NA content in all these organs. This reduction was prevented by daily
      administrations of NGF on P3, P4 and P5. The effectiveness of NGF in inhibiting
      the VNB-induced sympathectomy was related to the dose administered and to the
      time interval between the VNB administration and the first NGF injection given on
      P3. Dose-response curves to NGF (ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg) were obtained in
      both heart and spleen of VNB-treated animals. Thus, this experimental paradigm
      provides a quantitative assessment of the NGF activity in vivo. The systemic
      administration of GM1 (30 mg/kg) on P3, P4 and P5, was able to potentiate the NGF
      activity in preventing the VNB-induced sympathectomy. This GM1 effect was more
      evident in the heart and may be, at least in part, attributed to increased NGF
      prevention of neuronal cell death due to VNB. These results suggest an in vivo
      interaction between exogenous GM1 and NGF and are consistent with the view that
      neuronal cell repair related to in vivo administration of this ganglioside may
      rely on its capability to modulate the activity of endogenously occurring
      neuronotrophic factors.

PMID- 3378150
TI  - Differential distribution of beta and theta EEG activity in the entorhinal cortex
      of the cat.
AB  - The basic characteristics of the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of the entorhinal
      cortex (EC) were compared to those of the olfactory bulb (OB) and prepiriform
      cortex (PPC) in the awake cat, using methods that take into account linear
      (coherence functions) and non-linear relationships (mutual information). The
      frequency spectra of EC signals differ from those of EEG signals recorded from OB
      or PPC, but in the beta frequency band (35-40 Hz) coherent activity between these
      latter two areas and the EC could be put in evidence. Taking the values of
      coherence as a measure of linear coupling between populations of neurons, this
      coupling is strong between PPC and the rostral part of the EC, and becomes weaker
      towards more lateral, caudal and medial areas. This decrease in coupling is
      confirmed by non-linear analysis methods. On the basis of intracortical depth
      profiles it was shown that the beta activity is locally generated in layer II of
      the EC. Another rhythmic activity was also recorded in EC in the theta frequency
      range. Theta rhythm is generated mainly in the caudal part of EC. This area has
      the strongest coupling with the hippocampal formation. These analyses lead to the
      conclusion that in the EC olfactory and limbic domains have different
      topographical distributions but with a certain degree of overlap.

PMID- 3378151
TI  - Chronic intraventricular administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)
      suppresses feeding in rats.
AB  - Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is known to suppress feeding in sheep, pigs,
      golden hamsters and rats following acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      injection. In this study, we report the effects of chronically administered
      i.c.v. CCK-8 on long-term food intake in rats. After baseline food intake was
      established over a period of 3 days, rats were implanted with Alzet osmotic
      minipumps, which delivered 1.0 microliter/h. Three groups of animals were
      prepared which received saline (vehicle) or CCK-8 at 12.25 micrograms/day (low
      dose) or CCK-8 at 122.5 micrograms/day (high dose). Surgical preparation of the
      animals with the intraventricular cannula and the osmotic minipump resulted in an
      initial reduction in food consumption in all groups. In the saline group daily
      food consumption returned to presurgery values by day 4. Similar results were
      observed with the low dose of CCK-8. In contrast, in animals receiving the high
      concentrations of CCK-8, the initial fall in feeding was more prominent and
      though it rose during the 7-day infusion interval, it remained statistically
      below control during this period. After termination of the infusion, daily food
      consumption rose to normal levels during the next 3 days. For comparison, the
      cumulative difference between daily food consumption over the period of 8 days
      during infusion and pre-infusion control was 39.9 +/- 10.0 g/24 h in the saline
      group. In CCK-8-infused animals, food consumption after pump implantation was
      reduced by an integrated value of 35.5 +/- 5.0 g/24 h at low dose and 117.4 +/-
      20.2 g/24 h at high dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378152
TI  - Age-related variations in plasticity of rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
      after cortical lesions.
AB  - The enzymatic activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the nucleus basalis
      (NBM) of young rats (30 days old at the time of the operation) drops by 50%
      thirty days after cortical damage. This is followed by a spontaneous recovery of
      the enzymatic activity at 120 days after the lesion. In the present study,
      similar changes were observed in rats which were lesioned at maturity (4 months
      old). However, a different response was noted when surgery was performed on aged
      rats (2 years old at the time of operation). In these aged rats the drop in
      enzymatic activity in the NBM at 30 days post-lesion was as marked as in the
      young and mature animals, and no recovery was observed, even at 120 days. These
      results are discussed in the context of age-related neurodegenerative disease
      with cholinergic involvement.

PMID- 3378153
TI  - Responses of the mammalian retina to experimental alteration of the ambient
      magnetic field.
AB  - The detection of earth strength magnetic fields by rodents has been demonstrated
      previously by numerous physiological and behavioral techniques. This phenomenon
      appears to require input from the eyes. In an effort to better understand this
      phenomenon retinal melatonin synthesis and catecholamine contents were assayed in
      rats exposed at night to an alteration of the ambient magnetic field. In normal
      animals both dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the retina were reduced by
      this stimulus, while retinal melatonin synthesis was unaffected. Animals that had
      lost their intact photoreceptors as a result of 8 weeks of previous constant
      light exposure did not show a catecholamine response to the magnetic stimulus.
      These results support the view that the mammalian retina participates in the
      relaying of magnetic information into the central nervous system.

PMID- 3378154
TI  - Morphology of single mesencephalic trigeminal neurons innervating periodontal
      ligament of the cat.
AB  - The morphology of single neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes)
      that innervate periodontal ligament was studied in cats by the method of
      intraaxonal injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Two kinds of Vmes neurons
      were distinguished on the basis of differences in axon profile and its central
      projection. The first type of Vmes neurons was unipolar in shape and its axon was
      divided into united (U), peripheral (P), and central axons (C). The U axon
      traveled caudally within the Vmes from the soma to the dorsolateral aspect of
      trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo), where it split into the P and C axons with a T
      shaped appearance. The P axon joined the spinal trigeminal tract across the
      trigeminal principal nucleus and ran within the tract and sensory root to exit
      the brainstem. The C axon traveled caudally within Probst's tract. All 3 axons
      issued axon collaterals. Axon collaterals from the U, P and the proximal C axons
      sent their terminal branches into the supra (Vsup) and intertrigeminal regions
      (Vint). Most axon collaterals from the C axon sent their terminal branches into
      the juxtatrigeminal regions (Vjuxta). The second type of Vmes neurons was bipolar
      and issued P and C axons. The C axon ran a short distance in the Vmes to leave
      the Vmes, and then it traveled caudolaterally in the rostrodorsomedial aspect of
      the Vmo. Finally, it entered in the Vmo and traveled caudally in the dorsolateral
      subdivision of the nucleus to its rostrocaudal mid-level. The C axon gave off
      massive axon collaterals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378155
TI  - Functional regeneration of descending brainstem command pathways for locomotion
      demonstrated in the in vitro lamprey CNS.
AB  - Lower vertebrates can recover locomotor function after spinal transections, and
      several classes of neurons in these animals can regenerate. However, no studies
      have directly tested for functional regeneration of descending command pathways
      for the initiation of locomotion in the absence of complications from sensory
      feedback. In the present study, the contribution of regeneration of descending
      command pathways to the reacquisition of locomotion was examined in behaviorally
      recovered, spinal-transected larval lampreys using in vitro brain/spinal cord
      preparations, in which mechanosensory feedback was eliminated. Activation of
      brainstem command centers produced locomotor activity below a healed transection
      site and this burst activity was coupled 1:1 with locomotor activity above the
      transection site. Furthermore, the parameters characterizing locomotor patterns
      in in vitro preparations were similar to those recorded during locomotion in
      normal, whole-animals. Additional experiments indicated that descending pathways
      from the brainstem had regenerated across the healed transection site and could
      directly activate spinal locomotor networks below the lesion area. These data
      appear to be the first direct demonstration in a vertebrate of functional
      regeneration of descending command pathways for the initiation of locomotion.

PMID- 3378156
TI  - A factor from the injured lower vertebrate CNS promotes outgrowth from human
      fetal brain neurons.
AB  - Unlike mammals, lower vertebrates retain the capacity to regenerate damaged
      central nervous system (CNS) pathways throughout life. In previous studies, we
      have used the goldfish optic nerve (ON) as a model for CNS regeneration, and
      found that the injured goldfish ON selectively secretes a factor that promotes
      process outgrowth of cultured neurons, including neurons of the developing rodent
      CNS. In the current study, we found that a factor similarly obtained from the
      injured goldfish ON also has potent outgrowth-promoting effects on
      cerebrocortical neurons of the fetal human brain, and that these effects are
      dependent on the age of fetal neurons. This factor appeared to be a protein of
      mol. wt. greater than 12,000, and was associated with a distinctive morphology of
      neurite outgrowth. The neurite-promoting factor from the injured goldfish ON may
      be homologous to factors within the developing human brain.

PMID- 3378157
TI  - Neurons and behavior: the same rules of multisensory integration apply.
AB  - Combinations of different sensory cues (e.g. auditory and visual) that are
      coincident in space enhance the responses of multisensory superior colliculus
      neurons, while the responses of these same neurons are depressed if the stimuli
      are separated in space. Using a behavioral paradigm modeled after that used in
      physiological studies, the present experiments demonstrate that the rules
      governing multisensory integration at the level of the single neuron also predict
      the responses to these stimuli in the intact behaving animal.

PMID- 3378158
TI  - Central effects of a specific angiotensin receptor antagonist, sarthran (Sar1,
      Thr8AII) in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat strains.
AB  - The specific angiotensin receptor antagonist, Sar1, Thr8AII (sarthran), was
      infused intracerebroventricularly in alert spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),
      and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) normotensive rat strains. This
      resulted in a mean decrease of 35 mm Hg in the SHR group by 25 min post-infusion,
      and corresponding decreases in the WKY and SD rats of 13 and 15 mm Hg,
      respectively. A prominent transient sarthran-induced elevation in blood pressure
      was noted in the SHR group during the 5-min infusion. This agonistic effect was
      not observed in members of the WKY and SD strains. These data encourage the use
      of sarthran as a valuable pharmacological probe in the examination of the role of
      the brain renin-angiotensin system in hypertension.

PMID- 3378159
TI  - Transplantation of neural tissue in polymer capsules.
AB  - Neural tissue reaction to permselective polymer capsules and the feasibility of
      encapsulated neural tissue transplantation were evaluated in a rat model for a
      period of 1-12 weeks. Polymer implants in the central nervous system were
      generally well tolerated. The brain reaction to the synthetic material was
      minimal and did not disturb normal brain architectonics. Embryonic mouse
      mesencephalon enclosed in a polymer capsule remained morphologically intact for
      at least 12 weeks in the parietal cortex of rats. We conclude that the
      immunoprotection provided by a permselective polymer membrane encapsulating
      neural tissue is compatible with diffusional exchange of nutrients and
      metabolites. Polymer encapsulation may provide an alternative for the problem of
      immunorejection in transplantation of neural tissues.

PMID- 3378160
TI  - Effects of aminopeptidase inhibition on the half-lives of [125I]angiotensins in
      the cerebroventricles of the rat.
AB  - Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      cannulas were infused with one of the aminopeptidase inhibitors, amastatin or
      bestatin, over a 5-min period. After infusion, 1-2 X 10(6) cpm of
      [125I]angiotensin II ([125I]AII) or [125I]angiotensin III ([125I]AIII) was
      injected through the same cannula. The rats were subsequently killed 60 s later
      by focused microwave irradiation which instantaneously terminated further
      [125I]angiotensin metabolism. HPLC analysis of the extracted [125I]angiotensin
      and metabolic products allowed for the calculation of t1/2s of disappearance for
      the parent peptides. Both inhibitors effectively lengthened the half-lives of
      [125I]AII and [125I]AIII. Bestatin, which is considered a selective
      aminopeptidase B blocker, had a more pronounced effect on [125I]AIII metabolism,
      while amastatin, a selective aminopeptidase A inhibitor, was better at slowing
      [125I]AII degradation. The results indicate that amastatin and bestatin are very
      effective blockers of the cerebroventricular metabolism of angiotensins but are
      only marginally selective with regard to AII and AIII.

PMID- 3378161
TI  - The identification and characterization of a GABAergic system in the cholinergic
      neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid clone NG108-15.
AB  - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity
      were identified and characterized in the cholinergic neuronal cell clone NG108
      15. GAD activity is similar to form A in rat brain by being temperature sensitive
      and independent of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the assay mixture. Most of the NG108
      15 GAD activity is inactivated by 1 mM amino-oxyacetic acid. In contrast to NG108
      15 choline acetyltransferase, GAD activity is not enhanced when cells are grown
      with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The GAD activity shows a cell-density dependent
      increase that does not correlate with changing level of endogenous GABA. The
      identification of GABAergic properties in the NG108-15 clone enhances its use as
      a neuronal model for studies of differentiation and neurotoxicity of drugs or
      chemicals.

PMID- 3378162
TI  - Repeated electroconvulsive shock normalizes blood glucose levels in genetically
      obese mice (C57BL/6J ob/ob) but not in genetically diabetic mice (C57BL/KsJ
      db/db).
AB  - There are several conflicting reports on the effect of electroconvulsive shock
      (ECS) on diabetes in humans. The present study investigated the effect of
      repeated ECS on blood glucose levels in genetically obese mice, which are
      considered an animal model for non-insulin dependent (maturity onset) diabetes.
      These mice were compared with genetically diabetic mice which are thought to be
      an animal model for insulin-dependent (juvenile-type) diabetes. A marked decrease
      in blood glucose concentrations was observed in obese mice after the first ECS
      which lasted for 14 days after the last ECS. No effect was seen in genetically
      diabetic mice. The neural mechanisms by which ECS normalizes blood glucose in
      genetically obese mice are discussed.

PMID- 3378163
TI  - Diffusion and uptake of dopamine in rat caudate and nucleus accumbens compared
      using fast cyclic voltammetry.
AB  - Fast cyclic voltammetry was used in the caudate and nucleus accumbens of
      anaesthetised rats to study the release and reuptake of dopamine following
      stimulation of the median forebrain bundle. Dopamine uptake was significantly
      slower in accumbens than caudate, indicating a lower number of functional uptake
      sites. This implies that dopamine may be able to diffuse further from its sites
      of release in nucleus accumbens than in caudate and thus may have a
      neuromodulator role in this region.

PMID- 3378164
TI  - Origin of butyrylcholinesterase in the lateral geniculate nucleus of tree shrew.
AB  - We examined the distribution and possible origins of pseudocholinesterase
      activity within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the tree shrew.
      Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity was spread diffusely throughout the LGN
      and not localized to neuronal perikaryon. Lesions of the LGN eliminated this
      BuChE activity while not affecting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; however,
      removal of retinal input by unilateral ocular enucleations failed to affect the
      BuChE activity within the denervated layers of the LGN. This lack of effect
      suggests that, unlike the macaque monkey, retinal terminals within the LGN of
      tree shrew are not the source of BuChE. Thus, in the tree shrew LGN it appears
      that BuChE is not metabolically related to or dependent upon AChE nor does it
      originate from retinal sources, but rather BuChE appears to represent an enzyme
      that is endogenous to the LGN.

PMID- 3378165
TI  - Somatotopic organization of the second somatosensory cortical area after lesions
      of the primary somatosensory area in infant and adult cats.
AB  - The somatotopic organization of the second somatosensory cortical area (SII) and
      receptive fields of multineuron responses to cutaneous stimulation were studied
      in cats 6-16 months after lesions of the forelimb representation in the primary
      somatosensory area (SI) at 4 days, 4 weeks of age or in adults. No change was
      detected in SII. The results contrast with findings of alterations in SII of
      macaque monkeys following similar ablations of SI.

PMID- 3378166
TI  - Respiratory rhythm multistability during sleep-wake states.
AB  - Respiratory period (RP) changes occurring during sleep-waking states were studied
      during 5- to 8-h recording sessions in chronic cats. RP distribution was clearly
      trimodal, the shortest mode occurring essentially during alert wakefulness, the
      largest mode during slow wave sleep and the intermediate mode during drowsy
      wakefulness. Immediate shifts were observed at instant awakening, whereas after
      an EEG arousal lasting a few seconds, the RP could remain short for several
      minutes. Results suggest that the respiratory pattern generator depends upon
      several attractors.

PMID- 3378167
TI  - The distribution and ontogenesis of [3H]nicotine binding sites in cat visual
      cortex.
AB  - In vitro autoradiographic techniques using [3H]nicotine were used to characterise
      nicotine binding sites in developing kitten visual cortex. These binding sites in
      adult animals have a Bmax of 3.91 fmol/mg protein and a Kd of 4.40 nM.
      Displacement experiments indicate that [3H]nicotine binds to a nicotinic receptor
      site that is similar to central nicotinic sites described by investigators in
      other mammals. The number of binding sites increases during postnatal
      development, peaking near 60 days of age and levelling-off thereafter. There is
      no evidence for large changes in affinity during postnatal development for this
      binding site. [3H]Nicotine binding sites are densely concentrated in layer IV in
      the visual cortex of adult animals, with sharply reduced binding outside of
      cortical areas 17 and 18. This laminar pattern does not change during postnatal
      development, but an increase in the number of binding sites in layer IV as well
      as in layers I and VI occurs during early postnatal life. These binding sites
      disappear when extrinsic cortical inputs are severed. However, they survive when
      neurons in the visual cortex are selectively destroyed with a cell-specific
      neurotoxin. Unilateral destruction of the lateral geniculate nucleus eliminates
      [3H]nicotine binding sites in the visual cortex ipsilateral to the lesion,
      suggesting that they are located presynaptically on the terminals of lateral
      geniculate nucleus afferent fibres. The laminar pattern of binding of
      [3H]nicotine during early development of the visual cortex is complimentary to
      that for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These latter receptors redistribute
      during postnatal development becoming less prominent in layer IV at the same time
      as the [3H]nicotine binding sites are increasing in number in this layer. For a
      short period of time at the height of the critical period for cortical
      plasticity, both populations of binding sites are located in layer IV.

PMID- 3378168
TI  - Development of transsynaptic regulation of adrenal enkephalin.
AB  - Transsynaptic activity differentially regulates biosynthesis of sympathoadrenal
      catecholamines and co-localized opiate peptides in the rat. We determined whether
      similar mechanisms were operative during development. Adrenal Leu-enkephalin
      (LEU), was first detected at E16.5, then increased 5-fold during maturation from
      birth to adulthood while adrenal weight increased 10-fold. Since medullary cells
      do not divide after the first postnatal week, this represents a specific
      maturational increase in LEU content per chromaffin cell. In adult medullae,
      decreasing transsynaptic activity through adrenal denervation or explantation
      results in a 30-50-fold increase in LEU. In contrast, LEU levels in denervated or
      explanted medullae from neonatal rats (less than or equal to 10 days) do not.
      Prolonged denervation (day 5-21) prevented even the normal maturational increase
      in LEU. However, depolarizing medullae with KCl lowered LEU levels at all ages
      tested with an increased magnitude of effect after 10 days postnatal age.
      Specific deficits in signal-transduction mechanisms or immaturity of opiate
      biosynthetic pathways may account for these observations. Thus, during
      development, adrenal opiate peptides are not under transsynaptic control yet
      require presynaptic terminals to mature normally. Therefore, like catecholamines,
      co-localized adrenal opiate peptides require presynaptic regulatory signals to
      achieve normal development and function.

PMID- 3378170
TI  - Morphology and electrophysiology of ventral mesencephalon nerve cell cultures.
AB  - In primary neuron cultures obtained from ventral mesencephalon of mouse fetuses,
      approximately 10-30% of the neurons were dopaminergic, as demonstrated by a rapid
      glyoxylic acid histofluorescence procedure, and another 10-30% were GABAergic as
      demonstrated by autoradiography. Resting membrane potentials averaged -58 mV and
      input resistances averaged 188 M omega. Action potential (AP) firing patterns
      were of 3 types: in 49% of cells, depolarizing current elicited bursts of APs of
      constant amplitude, duration, and interspike interval (Type 1); in 44% of cells,
      bursts consisted of APs of decreasing amplitude, increasing duration, and
      increasing interspike interval (Type 2); and in 7% of cells, bursts were
      initiated by a single high amplitude, short duration AP followed by a series of
      lower amplitude longer duration APs that progressively increased in amplitude and
      decreased in duration and interspike interval (Type 3). Calcium APs of two
      distinct types, differing in duration and rate of rise, were observed when
      cultures were exposed to tetrodotoxin. Abundant postsynaptic activity was
      recorded. Simultaneous intracellular recording between pairs of cells
      demonstrated reciprocal innervation. The neurotransmitter antagonists
      haloperidol, bicuculline, naloxone, atropine, hexamethonium and pirenzepine
      affected synaptic activity and/or resting membrane potential of some of the
      cultured neurons.

PMID- 3378169
TI  - Subsets of GABAergic neurons in dissociated cell cultures of neonatal rat
      cerebral cortex show co-localization with specific modulator peptides.
AB  - The GABAergic properties of dissociated neurons from cerebral cortex of neonatal
      rats were studied in primary culture using electrophysiological, biochemical and
      immunohistochemical methods. Cultured neurons had a resting potential of -50 to 
      60 mV and exhibited spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents. Non
      spontaneous (elicited) ionic currents were produced by direct application of GABA
      and glutamate. Cultures contained measurable amounts of GABA from the first day
      in culture; GABA content reached a plateau around the 10th day of culture, and
      continued, nearly unchanged, until the 21st day of culture. Immunohistochemistry
      showed that 45% of the total cells in culture contained glutamic acid
      decarboxylase (GAD). Octadecaneuropeptide (ODN), a putative neuroregulatory
      peptide for benzodiazepine recognition sites, was present in approximately 28% of
      all neurons. Ninety-three percent of ODN-positive cells demonstrated GABAergic
      properties as well by displaying GAD-immunoreactivity. The peptide GABA-modulin
      (GM), a putative GABA receptor modulator, was found in about 75% of all neurons,
      with a further 65% of these cells exhibiting GAD-immunoreactivity. Cells
      immunopositive for neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SRIF), and cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK), were found at much lower incidence (1-4%). Double-labelling
      studies showed that 90-97% of the cells positive for NPY, SRIF and CCK were also
      positive for GAD. Cells immunoreactive with serotonin or tyrosine hydroxylase
      were not detected. We suggest that primary cultures of neonatal cortical neurons
      may provide a useful experimental model to investigate the function and the
      modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 3378171
TI  - The development of acetylcholinesterase activity in the embryonic nervous system
      of the frog, Xenopus laevis.
AB  - Histochemical detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Xenopus
      embryos was found first in primary motoneurons, Rohon-Beard neurons and somitic
      myotubes at early tail bud stages. At late tail bud stages all primary neurons,
      including primary interneurons, cranial ganglion cells and ventral brainstem
      cells expressed this enzyme. The onset of detectable AChE activity in some
      primary neurons occurred near the time of initial axon outgrowth, whereas in
      others it occurred at much later stages. At early independent-feeding and
      continuous-swimming stages nearly all seemingly postmitotic neurons began to
      express AChE activity, and by the beginning of limb bud stages, when many
      secondary neuronal populations were going through their final rounds of mitosis,
      nearly all CNS cells outside the ventricular zone were intensely stained. Thus,
      the onset of detectable AChE activity in secondary neurons occurred near the time
      of their final mitoses. In trunk somites the enzyme activity initially was
      located diffusely throughout the myotube, and with progressing development it
      became localized to the myocommata. From the onset of AChE activity both head
      somites and head muscles had discrete patches of reaction product all over their
      surfaces. The onset of detectable AChE activity occurred in muscles near the time
      that they were contacted by motor axons. These data demonstrate that the primary
      neurons are the first to express AChE activity, and that as the secondary neurons
      begin to proliferate, AChE is expressed by nearly all embryonic neuronal
      populations.

PMID- 3378172
TI  - Survival and function of dissociated rat dopamine neurones grafted at different
      developmental stages or after being cultured in vitro.
AB  - The in vitro culture approach was combined with the cell suspension grafting
      technique to examine whether the maturation of dopamine (DA) neurones in vitro
      imposed similar limitations on their ability to survive grafting as when they are
      allowed to develop in situ in the fetus. The functional capacity, survival and
      growth of DA neurones from 2.5- and 7-day-old cultures, grafted to rats with
      unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway, was compared
      with similar grafts freshly prepared from fetal donors of embryonic days 14, 16
      and 20. Grafts of freshly dissociated mesencephalic DA neurones, taken from
      embryonic day 14-16 donors and 2.5-day-old cultures, generally survived well and
      markedly reduced amphetamine-induced rotational asymmetry in the recipient rats.
      However, when cultured for 7 days prior to grafting, or when taken from 20-day
      old fetuses, the mesencephalic DA neurones survived very poorly and the grafts
      did not have any functional effects. Plating of aliquots of cell suspension used
      for grafting indicated that the survival rate of dissociated DA neurones is in
      the same order of magnitude when grown in vitro (about 2 DA neurones per 1000
      cells) as when grafted in vivo to the rat striatum (about 1-5 DA neurones per
      1000 cells). When the number of surviving grafted DA neurones was plotted against
      the behavioural effects of the grafts, a threshold number of around 100-200 DA
      neurones was found necessary to obtain a marked reduction (greater than 50%) in
      amphetamine-induced rotational asymmetry. Moreover, the survival of 300-500 DA
      neurones seemed to produce a 'ceiling effect' beyond which additional surviving
      DA neurones gave rise to little or no further effect on the amphetamine-induced
      rotational behaviour.

PMID- 3378173
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of estradiol-binding neurons in the rat hippocampal
      formation and entorhinal cortex.
AB  - This study has examined the distribution of [3H]estradiol and [1 alpha,2 alpha
      3H]testosterone uptake in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex of male
      and female rats. In both males and females, [3H]estradiol-binding neurons in
      Ammon's horn are located deep in stratum pyramidale and may correspond either to
      polymorphic interneurons or to early maturing pyramidal cells. Interneurons of
      strata oriens, lucidum and radiatum of Ammon's horn and of stratum moleculare of
      the subiculum also bind [3H]estradiol, as do basket cell interneurons in the
      polymorphic, infragranular layer of the dentate gyrus. While no granule cells
      appear to accumulate [3H]estradiol, these cells may be affected transsynaptically
      by gonadal steroids via their afferent contacts with the entorhinal cortex,
      which, of the areas examined, contains the greatest number of [3H]estradiol
      binding neurons. While relatively few neurons concentrate [3H]estradiol in the
      hippocampal formation, these are localized to specific subpopulations, which may
      enhance their functional significance. Because there is no significant nuclear
      accumulation of [3H]-alpha-testosterone in either the entorhinal cortex or
      hippocampal formation, it appears that aromatase enzyme activity is not a major
      contributor to estrogen receptor occupancy in adult rats.

PMID- 3378174
TI  - Developmental studies on the rat vomeronasal organ: vascular pattern and
      neuroepithelial differentiation. I. Light microscopy.
AB  - The origin and the developmental sequence of the rat vomeronasal organ and its
      vascular supply are followed by means of India ink injection in serial sections
      of celloidin-embedded embryos from the eleventh day of gestation up to birth. The
      anlage of the vomeronasal organ has been established by the twelfth day of
      gestation (E 12). It appears as a shallow longitudinal impression of the medial
      wall of the nasal pit. At day E 14, it separates from the epithelium of the
      primary nasal cavity, forming a tube. The lumen of the organ remains continuous
      with the nasal cavity frontally, but ends blindly at the edge of the primary
      palate dorsally. From day E 16 to E 18 the lateral surface of the tubular
      vomeronasal organ invaginates toward the lumen forming a wide longitudinal
      furrow. The lumen is bordered by the developing neuroepithelium and receptor-free
      epithelium by this time. The vomeronasal organ receives a separate arterial blood
      supply arising from septal tributaries of the olfactory artery, a branch of the
      anterior cerebral artery from the earliest stage of development. Blood from the
      vomeronasal complex is collected in the vomeronasal vein lying in the
      longitudinal furrow next to the receptor-free epithelium. The typical vascular
      pattern of the vomeronasal organ is established by the eighteenth day of
      gestation. At this time, the first capillary loops appear within the
      neuroepithelium and the vomeronasal vein can already be seen to extend along the
      long axis of the organ.

PMID- 3378175
TI  - Developmental studies on the rat vomeronasal organ: vascular pattern and
      neuroepithelial differentiation. II. Electron microscopy.
AB  - The present electron microscopical study demonstrates that the establishment of
      the typical vascular pattern of the rat vomeronasal organ by the eighteenth day
      of gestation is accompanied by neither complete maturation of the wall of the
      blood vessels nor of the vomeronasal neuroepithelium. In the newborn rat,
      however, the vasculature and the neuroepithelium of the vomeronasal organ present
      morphological elements suggesting functional capability at birth.

PMID- 3378176
TI  - Ultrastructural features of cultured oligodendrocytes expressing stage-specific
      cell-surface antigens.
AB  - This study was designed to correlate cytological features that had previously
      been established for oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages in vivo
      and cytological criteria in vitro with the expression of stage-specific cell
      surface antigens of cultured oligodendrocytes. Cells obtained from the corpus
      callosum of 10-day-old C57BL/6J mice were maintained in monolayer cultures and
      stained with monoclonal antibodies 01 through 012 by indirect immunofluorescence
      or immunoperoxidase methods. 0 antigen-positive cells were classified according
      to two criteria: (a) cell shape (type I-III); and (b) cytoplasmic features at the
      ultrastructural level (class 1-3). Approximately 95% of all 0 antigen-positive
      cells could be identified as oligodendrocytes by established cytological
      criteria, thus supporting previous evidence of their glial character from
      electrophysiological and cell type-specific marker studies. After 12 days in
      vitro approximately 90% of all morphologically identified oligodendrocytes
      expressed antigens 03, 04, 05 or 06, which are the first to appear during
      development in vivo, whereas only 30-40% expressed antigens 011 or 012 which are
      the last to appear during development in vivo. 01 through 010 antigen-positive
      oligodendrocytes belong to 3 morphologically distinct cell types: (1) with small
      (approximately 10 micron in diameter) round cell bodies and few slender
      processes; (2) with 'hairy eyeball' morphology with a network of processes; and
      (3) with large, sometimes bipolar cell bodies (up to 30 micron in diameter)
      surrounded by high amounts of membranous material devoid of cytoplasm. By
      cytoplasmic criteria at least 90% of all 0 antigen-positive cells fit the
      description by Mori and Leblond of 'light' to 'medium' oligodendrocytes in vivo,
      although a clear-cut correlation with expression of early or late appearing 0
      antigens was not observed. Typically 'dark' oligodendrocytes were rarely seen in
      our cultures. 011 and 012 antigen-positive cells are restricted to the group of
      large oligodendrocytes with high amounts of membranous material, often organized
      in more or less compact structures (type III). In contrast to the more uniform
      localization of antigens 01 through 010 over the whole cell surface, antigens 011
      and 012 are less strongly detectable on cell bodies than on processes and
      membranous whirls.

PMID- 3378177
TI  - Age-related differences in seizure susceptibility to flurothyl.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the susceptibility to
      seizures induced by inhalation of flurothyl ether (FE) varies with age. Adult
      rats and 16-day-old rat pups were tested in different sized chambers to also
      determine whether the size of the FE-test chamber influences seizure thresholds.
      Results indicate that pups developed age-specific seizure patterns; their seizure
      latency thresholds were shorter than those of adult animals. For both age-groups,
      seizure thresholds varied as a function of chamber size; the smaller the chamber
      the faster seizures occurred.

PMID- 3378178
TI  - Neonatal enucleations reduce specific activity of acetylcholinesterase but not
      choline acetyltransferase in developing rat visual cortex.
AB  - Infant rats were subjected to unilateral or bilateral enucleation or sham lesions
      on the day of birth. On postnatal day 13 or 14, tissue blocks from cortex were
      assayed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT).
      Bilateral enucleation resulted in a decrease in specific activity of AChE in
      occipital cortex, as compared with control animals. Unilateral enucleation
      resulted in a decrease of AChE activity in the hemisphere contralateral to the
      enucleated orbit. However, neither type of enucleation resulted in significant
      changes of ChAT specific activity. These data suggest that reductions in AChE
      activity resulting from neonatal enucleations are not due to a direct involvement
      of cholinergic afferents to visual cortex.

PMID- 3378179
TI  - Evidence for developmental plasticity of the rubrospinal tract. Studies using the
      North American opossum.
AB  - Using axonal tracing techniques we have shown that rubral axons are capable of
      growing around lesions of the rubrospinal tract during early stages of
      development in the North American opossum and that a critical period for such
      growth exists. The opossum was employed for study because it is born in a very
      immature state 12-13 days after conception and the entire development of its
      rubrospinal tract occurs postnatally.

PMID- 3378180
TI  - Cerebellar afferents in early postnatal rats: a retrograde fluorescence study.
AB  - The development of afferent projections to the cerebellum was studied by making
      small (20 nl) injections of True blue into the cerebella of neonatal rats under
      general anaesthesia. Neurones in all main precerebellar nuclei were labelled even
      in rats less than one day old. With the exception of the disappearance of small
      numbers of ipsilateral olivocerebellar projections, no qualitative differences
      were seen after injections in animals one or two weeks older.

PMID- 3378181
TI  - Nerve growth factor, not laminin, is the major neurite-promoting component in
      medium conditioned by mouse L929 fibroblast cells.
AB  - In this study the neurite-promoting activity present in conditioned medium (LCM)
      from mouse fibroblast L929 cells was examined. The biological and biochemical
      properties of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesized by L929 cells and released
      into the LCM were studied. In addition it was established that the extracellular
      matrix protein laminin is synthesized by L929 cells and is also present in LCM.
      Although NGF is a well-recognized neurite-promoting factor, recent studies have
      suggested that laminin is also a neurite-promoting factor. In this paper the
      possibility that NGF and laminin were both responsible for the neurite-promoting
      activity of LCM was examined. It was determined that NGF, not laminin, is the
      major neurite-promoting component in LCM. This was established using
      pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as a biological test system and also utilizing
      antibodies to both NGF and laminin. The possible functional significance of NGF
      synthesis by fibroblast cells is discussed.

PMID- 3378182
TI  - Morphological plasticity in the chick ventral lateral geniculate nucleus:
      temporal parameters.
AB  - The retinogeniculate projection in the chick undergoes apparent augmentation
      following lesions in the optic tectum. Using autoradiographic tracing techniques
      we determined that the alteration of the retinal projection required a minimum of
      4 days to be detected if tectal lesions were made at hatching and could be
      produced by lesions placed up to 1.5 years posthatch.

PMID- 3378183
TI  - Developmental changes in spinal cord neurite-promoting activity from chick muscle
      extracts.
AB  - Muscle extracts from embryonic chicks aged 10-18 days of embryogenesis produced
      an increase in 6-day embryo spinal cord neurite initiation. A maximal effect was
      observed with 18-day extract. Extracts from older chicks produced no effect.
      These neurite promoting factors are produced at a time in which neuromuscular
      junctions are forming and becoming stabilized in ovo and may act to control
      terminal branching, selection, and maintenance of axonal endings.

PMID- 3378184
TI  - GABAergic neurons in cultures derived from three-, six- or eight-day-old chick
      embryo: a biochemical and immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Cultures were prepared from 3-, 6- and 8-day-old chick embryos. Whole chick
      embryos were dissociated by sieving through a nylon mesh for E3 cultures and
      cerebral hemispheres for E6 and E8 cultures. The dispersed cells were plated onto
      poly-L-lysine coated culture dishes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium,
      containing 10% fetal bovine calf serum. Growth patterns in these cultures have
      been previously described. Biochemical and immunocytochemical markers were used
      to identify GABAergic neurons in culture. Neurons exhibiting GABA-like
      immunoreactivity were present in all 3 types of cultures as early as 4-6 days in
      culture. The developmental profile of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) derived
      from 3-day-old whole chick embryo cultures showed low activities whereas the
      enzyme activity markedly rose in cultures derived from 6- or 8-day-old chick
      embryo cerebral hemispheres during the first two weeks. The changes in GAD
      activity observed in these cultures are interpreted to reflect the maturational
      state of GABAergic neurons and also their responsiveness to microenvironmental
      factors.

PMID- 3378185
TI  - Cholinergic neurons in cultures derived from three-, six- or eight-day-old chick
      embryo: a biochemical and immunocytochemical study.
AB  - Cultures were prepared by dissociating 3-day-old whole chick embryos, or 6- or 8
      day-old chick embryo cerebral hemispheres. The dispersed cells were plated onto
      poly-L-lysine coated dishes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium fortified with
      10% fetal bovine calf serum. Immunocytochemistry, histochemistry and biochemistry
      were used to characterize the cholinergic neurons in these cultures. Double
      staining for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neurofilament revealed that a high
      percentage of neurons also contained AChE; fewer neurons though were positive for
      choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The presence of AChE in non-cholinergic neurons
      was interpreted to be indicative of 'cholinoceptive' neurons in culture. The
      developmental profile for ChAT activity in cultures derived from 3-day-old whole
      chick embryos was previously described; we have reported that activity reached
      high levels by 7 days in culture. In this study we found that in cultures derived
      from 6-day-old chick embryos ChAT activity increased slowly up to 6 days in
      culture and rose markedly thereafter; in contrast, in cultures derived from 8-day
      old chick embryos activity was low until day 9 and rose moderately thereafter.
      The differences in ChAT expression between cultures derived from chick embryos of
      different developmental stages may reflect a loss of plasticity of the
      cholinergic population with age.

PMID- 3378186
TI  - Experiments to study recovery of lateral geniculate nucleus cell size following
      monocular lid closure and reverse suture in infant monkeys.
AB  - Following monocular eyelid closure at birth in macaque monkeys, reverse suture at
      3 weeks of age cancels the difference in size between deprived and undeprived
      parvocellular lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells by causing hypertrophy of
      the initially deprived cells. This means that two weeks after reversal cells in
      both initially deprived and initially undeprived parvocellular laminae are
      approximately 15% larger than normal. However, long term survival shows that
      there is a second phase of change during which all parvocellular cells shrink,
      but particularly the initially undeprived cells which become considerably smaller
      than the initially deprived cells. Reopening the secondarily closed eye after a
      short period of reversal resulted in normal cell sizes in one animal, but two
      animals developed marked squints and had very small parvocellular cells in all
      laminae, and one animal developed bilateral amblyopia. Simply reopening the eye
      of two animals after two months of late closure started at 7 months of age
      reversed the shrinkage of all parvocellular cells which is caused by late
      closure.

PMID- 3378187
TI  - A comparison of cell size changes in central and pericentral representations
      within the primate lateral geniculate nucleus following early monocular
      deprivation.
AB  - Mean cell areas have been measured in the most posterior part of the lateral
      geniculate nucleus containing the representation of central retina in 8 normal
      monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and in 5 monkeys following monocular closure from birth.
      Comparisons with cell size changes at a more anterior level, where pericentral
      retina is represented, show that size changes of parvocellular cells at the
      posterior level are significantly less, being only between half and two-thirds of
      those more anteriorly. The undeprived cells undergo less initial hypertrophy than
      cells at a more anterior level and subsequently the deprived cells show less
      shrinkage. There is no comparable difference for magnocellular cells.

PMID- 3378188
TI  - Local cerebral glucose utilization non-selectively elevated in rapid eye movement
      sleep of the fetus.
AB  - The [14C]deoxyglucose method for measuring local cerebral glucose utilization was
      employed in an effort to identify regions of the brain which participate in the
      increased neuronal activity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The study was
      conducted in near term fetal sheep in which REM periods are of sufficient
      duration to obtain reliable data with this method. Neither the postulated
      executive centers of REM sleep nor those structures in the brainstem known to
      participate in the electrical activity peculiar to this sleep phase were found to
      have selectively elevated rates of glucose utilization. Rather, these regions
      shared equally with virtually all other structures in having rates higher than
      those which accompany non-REM sleep.

PMID- 3378189
TI  - Immunohistochemical analysis of the ontogeny of peptide histidine isoleucine
      (PHI)-immunoreactive neurons in the pre- and postnatal rat brain.
AB  - The development of PHI-like immunoreactivity in the pre- and postnatal rat brain
      has been investigated by means of the indirect immunohistofluorescence technique.
      PHI-immunoreactive cells and fibres were first observed at day 19 of gestation,
      in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Over ensuing stages of development, PHI-LI
      appeared in progressively more areas of the central nervous system. In the early
      postnatal rat, for example, PHI-immunoreactive neurones could be detected in many
      regions, such as the cingulate, fronto-parietal and temporal cortices, and the
      hippocampus. Later during maturation, such as at day 12 postnatal, the central
      amygdaloid nucleus, periaqueductal grey, geniculate nuclei and stria terminalis
      also exhibited PHI-immunoreactive cells and processes. Around day 21 postnatal,
      the greatest number of PHI-positive neurones was visible, and this number was
      approximately maintained in the oldest age studied. Thus, in contrast to the
      ephemeral appearance of many other peptides during ontogeny, in no PHI-containing
      regions were cells and fibres visualized at early stages, only to disappear
      subsequently in older animals. The present study illustrates that the development
      of PHI-like immunoreactivity is primarily a postnatal process. Its appearance
      during maturation of the rat brain is consistent with its putative trophic and
      transmitter roles.

PMID- 3378190
TI  - Necrotic lung and bronchopleural fistula as complications of therapy in lung
      cancer.
AB  - Seven patients developed a lung abscess and bronchopleural fistula after
      undergoing aggressive treatment of their lung cancer with radiotherapy +/-
      chemotherapy. These complications were preceded by a prodrome of recurrent
      bronchitis with increasing refractoriness to antibiotics, weight loss, fever, and
      generalized debilitation. Delays in definitive diagnosis and treatment often
      resulted from concern about the patients guarded cancer prognosis and
      misinterpretation of involved areas on x-rays and scans as being secondary to
      cancer rather than manifestations of treatment toxicity. Early surgical treatment
      utilizing local muscular flaps for bronchial stump reinforcement and restoration
      of chest wall continuity can successfully remedy these complications.

PMID- 3378191
TI  - Experimental studies on the response of nude mouse-grown human urothelial cancer
      to high dose of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - The effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) on human bladder
      transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) was evaluated using nude mouse-grown
      established tumor lines SW-780, SW-1738, TCC-K1, and PR49. In the nude mouse
      tumors grew subcutaneously and evaluation of response to treatment was based on
      tumor volume analysis. Ara-C was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of
      250 mg/kg on days 1 to 4. All four tumor lines showed an initial phase of
      considerable regression during the treatment week. This was followed by a
      variable period of tumor growth arrest after which a gradual tumor regrowth was
      observed. The results of the present study suggested that ara-C may alter the
      growth rate of TCC, its effect becoming apparent during the time of its
      administration and for a short period thereafter. These observations indicate
      that more studies are warranted at both the experimental and clinical levels to
      further evaluate dosage and treatment schedule. The results of such additional
      studies may determine the importance of ara-C in the management of patients with
      bladder cancer.

PMID- 3378193
TI  - Publish and/or perish: discovery and/or fraud.

PMID- 3378192
TI  - Characterization of different cell subpopulations derived from an experimental
      tumor model.
AB  - The R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma is a transplantable tumor model, which can
      be subcultured in vitro and does not metastasize spontaneously. However, when
      cell suspensions of this tumor are injected intravenously, multiple lung foci
      develop. These foci were used as source for a cell subpopulation. Prolonged
      exposure of the original tumor cell line to increasing levels of lectins
      (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) resulted in the development of a
      lectin-resistant subpopulation. Through experimental in vitro exposure to the
      antiestrogenic compound tamoxifen citrate, a tolerant, karyotypically defined
      subpopulation was obtained. In the four cell lines studied, heterogeneity was
      observed in the following parameters: doubling time, steroid receptors, and
      median chromosome counts. Statistically discernible differences were found. This
      may represent a model for the effect of selective pressures in the tumor
      environment, such as endocrine manipulation, leading to the gradual development
      of resistant cell lines and treatment failure.

PMID- 3378194
TI  - Modulation of pulmonary metastasis (Lewis lung carcinoma) by bromelain, an
      extract of the pineapple stem (Ananas comosus)

PMID- 3378195
TI  - Doppler demonstration of the mechanism of mitral regurgitation mimicking aortic
      stenosis.
AB  - Seven patients with prolapsed posterior mitral leaflet were identified in whom
      the clinical findings were suggestive of aortic stenosis. In each instance, the
      murmur was best appreciated at the parasternal area. The murmur radiated to the
      carotids in two patients. Spatial mapping with pulsed-wave Doppler as well as
      continuous-wave Doppler examination demonstrated the presence of mitral
      regurgitation and also that the regurgitant stream was directed to the anterior
      left atrial wall near the base of the aorta.

PMID- 3378196
TI  - Tachycardia cycle length and maximum capacity of anterograde and retrograde
      atrioventricular conduction in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Anterograde and retrograde pathways are the two major components of the reentry
      circuit in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular reentrant tachycardias.
      Therefore, the capacity of each pathway to maintain 1:1 conduction would be
      expected to determine the cycle length (CL) of the tachycardia. In this study,
      the possible relationship between the CL of reentrant tachycardia and the maximum
      capacities of anterograde and retrograde conduction in the maintenance of a 1:1
      response during atrial and ventricular pacing were examined. This relationship
      was analyzed in 26 patients with orthodromic reentrant tachycardia due to Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome (group 1) and compared with that in 26 patients with
      atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (group 2). There were no
      statistically significant differences between the two groups in the shortest
      tachycardia CLs (mean +/- SD, 325 +/- 44 versus 329 +/- 52 ms); in the shortest
      ventricular pacing CLs with 1:1 response (314 +/- 63 versus 319 +/- 38 ms); nor
      in the CLs that produced retrograde atrioventricular block (306 +/- 62 versus 301
      +/- 37 ms). In contrast, the longest atrial pacing CL that produced Wenckebach's
      phenomenon and the shortest atrial pacing CL with 1:1 response were significantly
      shorter for group 1 than for group 2 patients (290 +/- 38 versus 390 +/- 88 ms, P
      less than 0.001) and (305 +/- 38 versus 406 +/- 90 ms, P less than 0.001),
      respectively. It was concluded that the CL of orthodromic tachycardia can best be
      predicted from the shortest atrial pacing CL that maintains 1:1 anterograde
      conduction via the normal pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378197
TI  - Paradoxical coronary embolism associated with an unusual interatrial flap valve.
AB  - A 75-year-old woman presented with deep venous thrombosis and multiple pulmonary
      emboli. Course was complicated by pulmonary hypertension which caused central
      shunting of blood through an abnormal patent foramen ovale. Paradoxical embolus
      to the right coronary artery was demonstrated premorbidly and at autopsy.

PMID- 3378198
TI  - Acute chest pain in an elderly woman.
AB  - A 79-year-old woman was admitted to hospital complaining of chest pain,
      increasing weakness, anorexia, hoarseness, headache and discomfort in the throat
      and jaws while eating. Physical examination, chest x-rays, serial
      electrocardiograms and cardiac enzymes were unremarkable. After admission she
      developed weakness and numbness in the left leg with urinary retention, decreased
      sensation to touch, weakness, increased tone, absent deep tendon reflexes and a
      positive Babinski sign on the left. Zeta sedimentation rate was markedly elevated
      at 0.63. Computerized tomographic head scan, myelography, echocardiography,
      barium swallow and meal, immunoglobulins, electrophoresis and other laboratory
      investigations were unremarkable. Repeat sedimentation rate was still markedly
      elevated three weeks later. A temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of
      temporal or giant cell arteritis. Prednisone, 60 mg daily, was started.

PMID- 3378199
TI  - Sinoatrial and atrioventricular dysfunction associated with the use of guanabenz
      acetate.
AB  - Guanabenz acetate is an antihypertensive drug that is closely related to
      clonidine hydrochloride. Clonidine is well known to potentiate atrioventricular
      (AV) node conduction disturbances, but to date that effect has not been
      attributed to guanabenz. A case of electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic
      studies in a patient with both sinus and AV node conduction disturbances
      associated with the use of guanabenz acetate is reported. The sinus cycle length
      was increased by 50% after guanabenz and the sinus node recovery time was
      prolonged by 42%. AV block occurred proximal to the His bundle and His
      ventricular prolongation of 42% also occurred. This drug should be used
      cautiously in patients with evidence of sinus or AV node dysfunction.

PMID- 3378200
TI  - Reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: characterization studies with the globally
      ischemic rat heart.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated in the rat heart, in vivo and in vitro, with
      regional ischemia, that an asymmetric bell-shaped curve defines the relationship
      between the vulnerability to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and the duration of
      the preceding period of ischemia. The present study sought to establish whether a
      similar relationship occurred with global ischemia and reperfusion. Using rats
      from three different sources (two British, one North American) it was observed
      that, when an appropriate duration of ischemia was selected, reperfusion was
      capable of eliciting a very high incidence (up to 100%) of ventricular
      fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. In the first series of studies an
      asymmetric bell-shaped relationship was observed such that with reperfusion after
      5, 10, 20, 25, 28, 30, 33, 37 and 45 mins 0, 8, 8, 8, 50, 58, 83, 33, 33 and 25%
      of hearts fibrillated, respectively (12 hearts per group). However, upon
      repeating the studies with groups of rats from other suppliers or different
      batches from the same supplier, different results were obtained. Thus, in some
      study groups a very high incidence of arrhythmia was observed with reperfusion
      after very short (7.5 mins) durations of ischemia and low incidences were
      sometimes obtained with reperfusion after 30 mins, a time which, in some study
      groups, elicited a very high (100%) incidence of severe arrhythmias. These
      results contrast strikingly with those obtained with regional ischemia where a
      highly reproducible profile for the incidence of arrhythmias is consistently
      observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378201
TI  - Growth characteristics in cell culture and pathogenicity in mice of two
      terrestrial rabies strains indigenous to Canada.
AB  - Two strains of street rabies virus from striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were
      used to infect either a murine neuroblastoma (NA 1300) or a baby hamster kidney
      (BHK-21/C13) cell culture and the cell infection rates were noted during 4 days
      postinfection. These cultures were then passaged for four consecutive passages,
      and the viruses obtained in the supernatant fluids of passage 4 were then treated
      as original isolates and used to infect both neuroblastoma and baby hamster
      kidney cells. The mortality period in Swiss white mice caused by the various
      virus suspensions was noted. The virus strain from the brain of skunks from
      Saskatchewan infected neuroblastoma and baby hamster kidney cells equally well,
      produced similar virus titres in supernatant fluids after four subcultures in
      both cell types, and appeared to produce similar mortality periods in mice from
      either the original brain tissue or from cell culture supernatant fluids. On the
      other hand, the virus from the brains of skunks from Ontario readily infected
      neuroblastoma but poorly infected baby hamster kidney cell cultures. Passage of
      this strain through four subcultures in both cell types produced virus titres in
      the supernatant fluids of equal magnitude. However, reisolation of the virus from
      the supernatant fluid of passage 4 in neuroblastoma cell cultures showed a
      similar pattern to that from the original brain, while the virus from baby
      hamster kidney cell passage supernatant fluid was considerably altered. Although
      the mortality period in mice was similar with virus from the brain and
      neuroblastoma cell cultures, this period was shortened when mice were inoculated
      with baby hamster kidney culture supernatant virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3378202
TI  - Migratory birds of central Washington as reservoirs of Campylobacter jejuni.
AB  - Migratory ducks, Canada geese, and sandhill crane from the Pacific North American
      Flyway have been screened for Campylobacter spp. Samples (298) from these birds
      were examined and the incidence of Campylobacter spp. in the samples were as
      follows: sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida), 81%; ducks (Aythya collaris,
      Anas carolinensis, Aythya americana, and Anas platyrhynchos), 73%; and Canada
      geese (Branta canadensis), 5%. All isolates were identified as Campylobacter
      jejuni. To our knowledge this is the first report of the isolation of C. jejuni
      from sandhill crane. The high frequency of isolation in both the sandhill crane
      and migratory ducks indicated that these bird populations may play a significant
      role in the dissemination of the bacterium. Because of their migratory habits,
      these birds may be particularly important in spreading C. jejuni to remote areas.

PMID- 3378203
TI  - Cell cycle specific effects of deferoxamine on human and murine hematopoietic
      progenitor cells.
AB  - The effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DSF) on the proliferation of normal
      erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells from human and murine bone
      marrow was examined. The addition of DSF at a concentration equivalent to the
      concentration of iron present in the culture system resulted in dose dependent
      inhibition of colony formation by human and murine granulocyte-macrophage
      progenitor cells and human normal erythroid progenitor cells. The addition of
      FeCl3 at culture initiation completely reversed the effects of DSF. Furthermore,
      significant numbers of progenitor cells could be rescued from the effects of DSF
      by iron added back as late as 24-48 h after exposure to DSF. The cell cycle
      specificity of DSF was also examined using bone marrow cells treated with high
      specific activity tritiated thymidine. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that in
      the presence of DSF the number of erythroid or granulocyte-macrophage colonies
      that could be rescued was dependent on the length of exposure to DSF. Comparisons
      between control and tritiated thymidine treated cells indicated that the
      proliferation of progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle was inhibited if
      iron was withheld until 6 and 24 h after exposure to DSF for murine and human
      cells, respectively, with little to no effect observed on progenitor cells not in
      S phase during this time period. These results confirm the importance of iron for
      hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and represent a new method by which
      the proliferation of cycling cells may be investigated in situ in semisolid
      culture systems.

PMID- 3378204
TI  - Effect of testosterone on imidazole-induced tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma
      cell culture.
AB  - To assess the effect of androgens on tyrosinase activity in B16/C3 melanoma cell
      cultures, proliferating cultures were treated with testosterone (50 nM) or one of
      several other androgenic analogues and metabolites. None of these compounds
      influenced basal enzyme activity. Imidazole (10 mM), however, is a potent inducer
      of tyrosinase in this cell line. Testosterone blocked induction of tyrosinase by
      imidazole almost completely. This effect was dose dependent, being maximal at 10
      nM and half-maximal at approximately 3 nM, and was rapid, occurring within 15
      min. When cultures treated with both imidazole and testosterone were shifted to
      medium containing only imidazole, enzyme activity approximated that seen in
      cultures never receiving testosterone within 10 h of the shift. The other
      steroids tested failed to influence imidazole induction of the enzyme. This
      action of testosterone could not be demonstrated in broken cell preparations.
      Results of studies involving inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis, as well as
      those quantitating mRNA hybridizable to a synthesized 20-base pair
      deoxyoligonucleotide tyrosinase probe, suggest that testosterone is blocking
      imidazole induction at a pretranslational level.

PMID- 3378205
TI  - Antiproliferative effect of verapamil alone on brain tumor cells in vitro.
AB  - Recent studies have shown that the calcium channel blockers, when combined with
      standard anticancer drugs, help overcome resistance that often develops to those
      drugs. Little is known about the effects of the calcium channel blockers
      themselves on tumor cells. We have studied the effects of one calcium channel
      blocker, verapamil, on human tumor cell lines in vitro. Our results show a
      reversible, antiproliferative action of verapamil on human medulloblastoma,
      pinealoblastoma, glioma, and neuroblastoma tumor lines established from pediatric
      patients. Growth rates are inhibited 10 to 100% by 10 to 100 microM verapamil
      with 50% inhibition occurring between 25 and 50 microM verapamil. No cell line
      proliferates in 100 microM verapamil, yet washing the cells after 72 h of
      incubation with 100 microM verapamil results in resumed cell growth. Growth
      inhibition is accompanied by dose-dependent decreases in DNA, RNA, and protein
      synthesis which occur within minutes after addition of verapamil. DNA flow
      cytometry on propidium iodide-stained nuclei shows that, after incubation for 48
      h with 100 microM verapamil, the medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma tumor lines as
      well as normal, human foreskin and lung fibroblast cell lines are reversibly
      blocked throughout the cell cycle with slight increases in G1. Verapamil appears
      to have no effect on nucleic acid precursors or on calcium influx or efflux in
      human medulloblastoma cells.

PMID- 3378206
TI  - Specific and direct binding of protein kinase C to an immobilized tamoxifen
      analogue.
AB  - We have previously demonstrated that tamoxifen and related triphenylethylene
      compounds are potent inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC). The present study
      demonstrates that PKC binds specifically and reversibly to the antiestrogen N
      didesmethyltamoxifen when the drug is coupled to CNBr-activated agarose through
      its primary amine, in the absence of lipid and other cofactors of the enzyme. PKC
      did not bind to 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which had been immobilized on epoxy-activated
      Sepharose through its hydroxyl moiety. This shows that the binding of PKC to
      immobilized N-didesmethyltamoxifen was not merely due to hydrophobic
      interactions, since N-didesmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen have nearly
      identical hydrophobicities. These results demonstrate that PKC has specific
      triphenylethylene-binding sites, which may mediate the inhibition of PKC activity
      by these antiestrogens.

PMID- 3378207
TI  - Heat sensitivity, thermotolerance, and profile of protein synthesis of human bone
      marrow progenitors.
AB  - Hyperthermic sensitivity, kinetics of thermotolerance induction and decay, and
      profile of heat shock protein synthesis were studied in human granulocyte
      macrophage progenitors and nucleated bone marrow cells, respectively. The D0 of
      the heat survival curves of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells at
      43 degrees C, 44 degrees C, and 45 degrees C were 23, 12, and 5 min,
      respectively. The kinetics of thermotolerance induction was measured with a
      triggering dose of 44 degrees C/20 min, 45 degrees C/10 min, 41 degrees C/2 h,
      and 42 degrees C/1 h and 4 h. The cells were then challenged with 44 degrees C or
      45 degrees C after incubation for 2, 4, 6, 24, and 48 h at 37 degrees C. In all
      cases, except for 41 degrees C/2 h, thermotolerance was maximum at 2 to 6 h,
      began to decay at 24 h, and decayed completely by 48 h. At the 41 degrees C/2-h
      triggering dose, the thermotolerance decayed completely by 24 h. The heat shock
      protein synthesis was measured after a triggering dose of 44 degrees C/20 min or
      45 degrees C/10 min. Synthesis of Mr 70,000 and 87,000 heat shock proteins in the
      total nucleated bone marrow cells was evident at least for 8 h after the initial
      heating.

PMID- 3378208
TI  - Comparison of glutathione levels in rodent and human tumor cells grown in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were compared in human and rodent tumor cells
      grown both in vivo and in vitro. Three human (A431, HEp3, ME180) and two murine
      (KHT and RIF-1) tumor cell lines were used. The average GSH contents for
      exponentially growing human cells in vitro were 14.2, 10.9, and 17.0 fmol/cell
      for ME180, A431, and HEp3 cells, respectively. These cells also were grown as
      tumors in nude mice. Following dissociation, greater than 90% pure populations of
      neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells were isolated by centrifugal elutriation prior
      to GSH determination. The data showed that the GSH levels of the tumor associated
      host cells were appreciably lower than those of the neoplastic cells. In
      addition, in contrast to the values obtained for the exponential cells,
      neoplastic cells grown in vivo showed a 2- to 3-fold reduction in GSH. However,
      the values for in vivo cells were similar to those obtained for the same tumor
      cells grown in vitro in the plateau phase. Compared to the human tumor cells the
      GSH contents of murine tumor cells always were lower. For example, RIF-1 and KHT
      cells in the exponential growth phase had GSH contents of 3.3 and 7.5 fmol/cell,
      respectively. Also, as was observed with the human cells, the GSH content of KHT
      cells in plateau phase of growth was 2-3 times less than that of cells in the
      exponential phase of growth. Similarly, the GSH content of KHT cells grown as in
      situ tumors prior to dissociation and isolation by centrifugal elutriation also
      was reduced by a factor of 3 compared to exponential phase cells. Although the
      average volume of tumor cells grown in vivo was less than that of cells grown in
      vitro, this did not account for the differences in GSH values observed when in
      vitro and in vivo derived cells were compared. Finally, GSH measurements made on
      multiple biopsies of individual human tumor xenografts varied by a factor of 2-3
      within each tumor type studied. This variation, likely due to host cell
      fluctuations, may present a complicating feature in the interpretation of solid
      tumor GSH levels.

PMID- 3378209
TI  - Glutathione contents in human and rodent tumor cells in various phases of the
      cell cycle.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to investigate whether or not the cell cycle
      dependent cytotoxicity of adriamycin (ADR) was a consequence of variations in
      cellular glutathione (GSH) levels in different phases of the cell cycle. The GSH
      content of a range of rodent and human tumor cell lines, grown both in vivo and
      in vitro, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Enrichment of
      cells in various cell cycle phases was accomplished by centrifugal elutriation.
      The GSH content of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle increased in
      proportion to the increases in cell volume from G1 to S phase to G2-M. However,
      the apparent differences in GSH content across the cell cycle were eliminated
      when GSH content was normalized according to cell volume. This observation held
      true for all cell lines studied. The cell cycle dependent cytotoxicity of ADR
      therefore was not related to cell cycle dependent variations in GSH content.
      Buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, depleted the GSH
      of cells in G1, S, and G2-M of the cell cycle by similar rates and enhanced the
      cytotoxicity of ADR to similar extents. These results suggest that although GSH
      does confer a significant degree of protection against the toxic effects of ADR
      in general, the more specific differences in response to ADR across the cell
      cycle probably were not the consequence of thiol variations but rather the result
      of other as yet unidentified factors.

PMID- 3378210
TI  - Pharmacokinetic profile and metabolism of N-nitrosobutyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine in
      rats.
AB  - N-Nitrosodibutylamine and its omega-hydroxylated metabolite N-nitrosobutyl(4
      hydroxybutyl)amine (NB4HBA) induce tumors in the urine bladder of different
      animal species through their common urinary metabolite N-nitrosobutyl(3
      carboxypropyl)amine (NB3CPA), resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic group
      of NB4HBA to a carboxylic group. NB4HBA disappearance from blood, the formation
      of its main metabolites, NB3CPA and NB4HBA-glucuronide (NB4HBA-G), and their
      urinary excretion, were investigated in rats after an i.v. dose of 1 mg/kg (5.7
      mumol/kg). NB3CPA and NB4HBA-G formation was readily detectable 2 min after
      treatment and levels were still measurable at 120 and 30 min, respectively. The
      parent compound disappeared from blood 90 min after injection. The NB4HBA blood
      concentration-time profile was adequately described by a one-compartmental linear
      model. NB4HBA half-life was 8 min, total body clearance and renal clearance were
      86.1 and 0.22 ml/min/kg, respectively. The 0-96-h urinary excretion of NB4HBA was
      0.3% of the administered dose. NB3CPA half-life was 15 min; NB3CPA and NB4HBA-G
      urinary excretion were 36 and 11.7%, respectively, urinary excretion of known
      compounds accounting for less than 50%. After i.v. injection of NB3CPA equimolar
      to the NB4HBA dose, only 50% of unchanged compound was recovered in the urine and
      after NB4HBA-G, 41% of the administered dose was excreted unchanged, NB3CPA
      accounting for 10%. Thus NB3CPA and NB4HBA-G might undergo further
      biotransformation, suggesting that NB3CPA may not be the ultimate carcinogen
      responsible for urinary bladder tumor induction.

PMID- 3378211
TI  - In vitro degradation of extracellular matrix with Mr 52,000 cathepsin D secreted
      by breast cancer cells.
AB  - It has been proposed that proteases secreted by cancer cells facilitate
      metastasis by degrading extracellular matrix. Estrogen receptor-positive breast
      cancer cells secrete a Mr 52,000 pro-cath-D under estrogen stimulation, whereas
      this protease is produced constitutively by estrogen receptor-negative cancer
      cells. We report on the degradation in vitro of extracellular matrix by purified
      Mr 52,000 cathepsin D (cath-D) and by conditioned media prepared from different
      cell lines. The purified Mr 52,000 pro-cath-D was autoactivated at pH 4.5 into a
      Mr 51,000 cath-D and found to digest the extracellular matrix of endothelial
      bovine corneal cells labeled with [3H]proline or [35S]methionine. Culture medium
      conditioned by estrogen-treated MCF7 cells had a similar effect at pH 4.5 but not
      at pH 7.4. Matrix degradation was totally inhibited by pepstatin. Other breast
      cancer cells (BT20, MDA-MB231, T47D cells, etc.) and other cancer cells also
      secreted a pepstatin-sensitive proteinase able to degrade extracellular matrix.
      By contrast, the U2 variant of MCF7 cells, which lacks the Mr 52,000 cath-D gene,
      and the nontumoral epithelial mammary cells secreted a negligible amount of this
      proteinase. In all conditioned media, the pepstatin-dependent extracellular
      matrix degrading activity was highly correlated to the Mr 52,000 cath-D
      concentration measured by immunoenzymatic assay. We conclude that the Mr 52,000
      cath-D is the major acidic protease secreted by mammary cancer cells. We suggest
      that this protease may degrade basement membrane and consequently facilitate
      tumor invasion when it is released in an acidic microenvironment.

PMID- 3378212
TI  - Interaction of phenol red with estrogenic and antiestrogenic action on growth of
      human breast cancer cells ZR-75-1 and T-47-D.
AB  - Studies reported here confirm that the pH indicator, phenol red, acts as a weak
      estrogen and reexamine the significance of estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects
      on growth of the human breast cancer cell lines ZR-75-1 and T-47-D in the absence
      of phenol red. Removal of phenol red reduces but does not immediately eliminate
      cell growth in the absence of estradiol. Basal cell growth can be reduced for T
      47-D cells and eliminated for ZR-75-1 cells by prior growth in the absence of
      steroid and phenol red for 3 weeks, demonstrating that estrogens can have long
      lasting effects on cells in culture (termed "steroid memory") and that there
      exist both cells which are responsive (T-47-D) and dependent (ZR-75-1) on
      estradiol for growth. Antiestrogen action in these cell lines is affected by at
      least four parameters: (a) presence of phenol red; (b) time in culture; (c) cell
      density; (d) steroid memory effects. At high cell density, antiestrogens suppress
      phenol red-stimulated activity but have little effect in the absence of phenol
      red. However, at low cell density in the absence of phenol red, tamoxifen has a
      biphasic action: initial weak stimulation, later inhibition. trans
      Hydroxytamoxifen does not stimulate but inhibition increases with time in
      culture. Following deprivation for 3 weeks of phenol red and steroid,
      antiestrogen action on ZR-75-1 cells at low density became much more inhibitory.
      Such responses to antiestrogens are discussed in relation to possible
      autocrine/paracrine growth regulation of the cells. Clinical relevance is
      suggested.

PMID- 3378213
TI  - Epithelial component of host-tumor interactions in the orthotopic site preference
      of a mouse mammary tumor.
AB  - Mouse mammary tumors grow preferentially upon transplantation into intact mammary
      glands compared to cleared mammary fat-pads. Both sites provide stroma of the
      orthotopic site, but the latter lacks epithelial elements. If epithelium from
      enzymatically dissociated normal mammary glands is added to the tumor cells prior
      to injection into cleared fat-pads, tumor growth is comparable to that seen in
      intact mammary fat-pads. The growth-enhancing effects of normal mammary cells are
      not duplicated by normal kidney or liver cells. These results demonstrate that
      epithelial-epithelial interactions, as well as stromal-epithelial interactions,
      are associated with the enhanced growth of mammary tumor cells transplanted into
      orthotopic sites. The results also suggest that enhancement of tumor growth does
      not require intact tissue architecture.

PMID- 3378214
TI  - Evidence for autocrine mitogenic stimulation by somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth
      factor I on an established human lung cancer cell line.
AB  - The production of immunoreactive somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm
      C/IGF-I) by the established cell line derived from a human lung carcinoma CALU-6
      has been evidenced in the serum-free medium in increasing concentrations as a
      function of the incubation time. Gel filtration in acid conditions of cell
      conditioned medium collected after 72 h showed peaks of immunoreactive Sm-C/IGF-I
      in the elution volume corresponding to the molecular weight of the synthetic Sm
      C/IGF-I, and in the high molecular weight region, where specific binding sites
      for Sm-C/IGF-I could be also demonstrated. These results indicate that this
      established cell line produces high amounts of immunoreactive Sm-C/IGF-I and of
      Sm-C/IGF-I carrier protein. The pooled fractions corresponding to the molecular
      weight of synthetic Sm-C/IGF-I showed a competitive binding curve parallel to the
      standard in the Sm-C/IGF-I RIA system, and a mitogenic activity on cells from the
      same line similar to the one observed using two different pure Sm-C/IGF-I
      preparations, obtained by chemical synthesis or by DNA recombinant technology.
      When a monoclonal antibody (sm-1.2) raised against Sm-C/IGF-I was added into the
      medium, the mitogenic effect observed by both synthetic and cell-derived Sm-C/IGF
      I peptide was completely abolished; the monoclonal antibody also partially
      inhibited the effect of 10% fetal calf serum and the thymidine incorporation
      observed in serum-free medium without growth factors. In serum-free medium the
      monoclonal antibody produced a 45% reduction of cells in S phase by thymidine
      labeling index without modification of the growth fraction as determined by
      primer-dependent alpha-DNA polymerase labeling index. In conclusion it seems that
      Sm-C/IGF-I has a critical role in the autocrine stimulation of the replication of
      this cell line.

PMID- 3378216
TI  - Factor from rat liver with antiinvasive potential on rat ascites hepatoma cells.
AB  - An acid/ethanol extract of normal rat liver, both in vitro and in vivo, inhibited
      the invasion by a highly invasive subpopulation of rat ascites hepatoma cells, AH
      130 (LC-AH cells). The addition of 10-80 micrograms/ml extract inhibited the
      formation of penetrated colonies of LC-AH cells underneath the cultured
      mesothelial cell (M-cell) monolayer. The tumor cells pretreated with the extract
      showed the diminished colony formation. Preincubation of the extract with plasma
      membranes prepared from LC-AH cells abolished the effect of the extract,
      suggesting a binding of the inhibitory entity [tentatively termed as "invasion
      inhibiting factor" (IIF)] to the tumor cell surface. The extract did not inhibit
      the growth of LC-AH cells, but suppressed their directed migration underneath the
      M-cell monolayer. A concomitant i.p. injection of the extract with LC-AH cells
      into rats prevented the invasion by tumor cells of the peritoneum and formation
      of tumor nodules in the peritoneum and mediastinum, indicating that IIF inhibited
      the tumor cell invasion and metastasis in vivo, as well. Upon ultrafiltration and
      gel fractionation, about 60% of IIF activity was recovered in the fraction
      corresponding to the molecular weight in the range of Mr 3000-4000. This activity
      was heat-stable at 100 degrees C at neutral pH but labile at acidic pH and was
      inactivated by the treatment with pronase. The rest of the activity of IIF was
      found in the fraction of more than Mr 25,000.

PMID- 3378215
TI  - Characterization of a low-molecular-weight growth inhibitor formed by density
      inhibited, tumorigenic V79 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - A novel type of low-molecular-weight growth-inhibitory factor responsible for the
      density inhibition of tumorigenic V79 Chinese hamster cells has been purified, if
      not homogenously, by a series of reverse-phase and gel filtration high
      performance liquid chromatography. The factor is an acid-stable, heat-labile
      substance distinct from antiproliferative nucleoside analogues or polyamines and
      has a molecular weight of approximately 2000. The biological activity of this
      inhibitor was enhanced nearly 5-fold by trypsin treatment, thereby suggesting
      that the inhibitor may be a precursor peptide which becomes an oligopeptide with
      intense biological activity by proteolysis, or that trypsin treatment allows
      resultant small molecules to efficiently transfer across the cytoplasmic
      membrane. This inhibitor reversibly inhibits the growth of a broad spectrum of
      cell types from neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells from various species. These
      data suggest that this inhibitor is primarily a growth-regulatory molecule common
      to mammalian cells and may play an important role in regulating growth of both
      normal and neoplastic cells.

PMID- 3378217
TI  - Effects of dietary retinoids upon growth and differentiation of tumors derived
      from several murine embryonal carcinoma cell lines.
AB  - We have examined the effects of dietary retinoids upon the growth and
      differentiation of seven embryonal carcinoma lines in mice. The control diet
      contained 4000 IU/mg retinyl palmitate; the other diets contained 2 x 10(5) IU/mg
      retinyl palmitate, 50 mg/kg all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 100 mg/kg RA, and no
      retinoid. The RA-containing diets had little influence on tumor latency or
      incidence but did suppress growth of many of the tumors. Decreased tumor mass
      was, in most but not all instances, accompanied by an increased proportion of
      differentiated cells. Increased differentiation was most commonly quantitative
      rather than qualitative; i.e., there was a larger proportion of the same types of
      differentiated cells seen in tumors from the control diet group rather than an
      increase in the spectrum of cell types observed. Notably, tumors from two
      differentiation-defective embryonal carcinoma lines were refractory to both the
      differentiation-inducing and growth-suppressing properties of dietary RA. Taken
      together, our results suggest that dietary RA can reduce teratocarcinoma growth
      in part by promoting differentiation but that other mechanisms are likely to be
      involved. The therapeutic benefits that we observed with dietary RA were
      compromised by adverse effects, including failure of the mice to gain weight as
      effectively as those on the control diet. The effects of elevated levels of
      retinyl palmitate, or its omission from the diet, were much less striking than
      that of RA. Both modifications tended to decrease tumor latency but had little
      effect, if any, upon ultimate tumor mass. Elimination of retinoid from the diet
      failed to significantly reduce degree of differentiation in tumors which normally
      differentiate extensively in animals on retinoid-containing diets. Excess retinyl
      palmitate led to a marginal increase in differentiation in F9 tumors and a
      statistically significant increase in differentiation in OC15-S1 tumors. Tumors
      from other embryonal carcinoma lines did not contain elevated levels of
      differentiated cells. The interpretation of these results is complicated by our
      observations that although our dietary alteration in levels of palmitate were
      dramatic, they resulted in much more modest differences in circulating retinoid
      levels when compared with mice on the control diet.

PMID- 3378218
TI  - The relationship of modulation of major histocompatibility complex class I
      antigens to retrovirus transformation in rat cell lines.
AB  - The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I antigens has
      been studied, by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against nonpolymorphic
      determinants of MHC Class I molecules, in two epithelial differentiated cell
      lines (FRTL-5 clone 2 and PC clone 3) and in one fibroblast cell line (FRT Fibro)
      of Fischer rat thyroid origin, before and after infection with various acute
      retroviruses carrying the v-ras-Ha, v-mos, v-src, polyoma middle T, and c-myc
      oncogenes. The results obtained indicate that a single virus does not produce
      identical changes in MHC Class I molecule expression in all tested lines, but a
      general increase occurs in lines derived from FRTL-5 clone 2 and a decrease
      occurs in lines derived from PC clone 3 and from FRT Fibro. Thus the modulation
      of expression seems to proceed always in the same direction in each cell line
      regardless of the infecting retrovirus and appears to involve posttranscriptional
      mechanisms, since no modification of expression of mRNA levels has been observed
      between normal and transformed cells. Only one line of PC clone 3 origin,
      transformed by the cooperation of two oncogenes (human c-myc and middle T),
      almost completely lost MHC Class I antigens on the cell surface and presented a
      significantly reduced synthesis of Class I mRNA.

PMID- 3378219
TI  - Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus.
AB  - Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical
      history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus
      and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5
      years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant
      risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a
      reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two
      or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol
      consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus;
      there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative
      to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less
      fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole
      grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of
      the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association
      was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.

PMID- 3378220
TI  - Effects of timing and type of tobacco in cigarette-induced bladder cancer.
AB  - We analyzed a case-control study of bladder cancer in Torino (512 male and 55
      female cases; 596 male and 202 female controls) with emphasis on the timing of
      cigarette smoking and the use of black or blond tobacco. The risk of bladder
      cancer was 2 to 3 times higher among smokers of black tobacco than among smokers
      of blond tobacco. Both groups of smokers showed a beneficial effect of smoking
      cessation, with an immediate decline in risk. This pattern is consistent with a
      late-stage effect of smoking. Among smokers of black tobacco, there was a
      gradient of risk with early exposure, and smokers who had quit never showed a
      drop to base-line levels of risk. These patterns, not apparent in users of blond
      tobacco, suggest an early stage effect of black tobacco, perhaps due to the
      higher concentration of aromatic amines in black than blond tobacco smoke and the
      higher blood levels of the hemoglobin adduct with 4-aminobiphenyl (a human
      bladder carcinogen) among smokers of black tobacco.

PMID- 3378221
TI  - Epidemiological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of
      the bladder.
AB  - Recent incidence data from the United States indicate that transitional cell
      carcinoma accounts for the vast majority (95%) of bladder tumors in this country,
      with squamous cell carcinoma (less than 3%) and adenocarcinoma (less than 2%)
      comprising nearly all the remaining cases. Rates of squamous cell carcinoma and
      adenocarcinoma were higher in blacks compared to whites, while the reverse was
      true for transitional cell carcinoma. All three tumors predominated in males,
      especially transitional cell carcinoma. A population-based case-control study of
      bladder cancer conducted in 10 geographical areas of the United States identified
      43 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 32 with adenocarcinoma to permit an
      examination of risk factors. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with
      risk of squamous cell carcinoma, with the relative risk rising to 6.1 among
      smokers of 40 or more cigarettes/day. Significantly elevated risks of squamous
      cell carcinoma were also associated with a history of 3 or more urinary tract
      infections (relative risk = 5.7) and with employment as welders and cooks. Risk
      factors were generally less conspicuous for adenocarcinoma, except for a
      significant trend with the amount of coffee drinking; however, this finding is
      based on small numbers and should be interpreted cautiously.

PMID- 3378222
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and toxicity evaluation of five-day continuous infusion versus
      intermittent bolus cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in head and neck cancer
      patients.
AB  - We administered cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days by
      continuous infusion to six patients with head and neck cancer, and compared the
      total and filterable plasma concentrations of platinum, and toxic effects, with
      those observed in five additional patients who received the same dose and
      schedule of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by intermittent bolus. In the
      continuous infusion group, the total 5-day exposure to filterable platinum,
      determined from the area under the concentration-time curve, was 1.5 to 2-fold
      higher (P less than 0.01) than that observed in the intermittent bolus group
      although the maximum filterable platinum concentration achieved was 8-fold lower
      (P less than 0.01). These differences were not reflected by total platinum
      levels. Subclinical nephrotoxicity, as judged by monitoring the urinary excretion
      of the renal enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and alanine aminopeptidase,
      as well as ototoxicity, and the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting
      were similar in both groups. In contrast, myelosuppression, and hypomagnesemia
      were more frequent in the continuous-infusion patients, suggesting that the total
      exposure to free platinum contributes more to these toxicities than peak levels
      achieved. Considering the clinically acceptable toxicity observed after
      administration by continuous infusion, we recommend larger therapeutic trials to
      define the efficacy of increased tumor exposure to filterable platinum.

PMID- 3378223
TI  - An electrographic characterization of ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal motor
      activity.
AB  - Ketamine-induced buccolinguopharyngeal motor activity was studied in rats
      visually and by means of force displacement transduction of tongue retrusions,
      electromyogram (EMG) of motor units of tongue muscles, and pressure transduction
      of swallowing acts. Each animal was anesthetized with an intramuscular injection
      of ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg body weight). Through a tracheotomy the
      airway was intubated and the animal was mounted on a stereotaxic frame in a
      supine position for monitoring of the above parameters. Four varieties of events
      were demonstrated: (a) swallowing acts followed by tongue retrusion, (b) tongue
      retrusions in isolation, (c) tongue retrusions followed by swallowing events, and
      (d) swallowing events in isolation. All four types of events were vulnerable to
      intramuscular injection of haloperidol 0.75-2.5 mg/kg within 5 to 10 min and the
      suppression endured for at least several hours. We conclude that there is a
      parallel between ketamine-induced oral motor activity and neuroleptic-induced
      dyskinesia in that both are temporarily suppressed by neuroleptic drugs.

PMID- 3378224
TI  - Dystonia and hypokinesis with putaminal necrosis after methanol intoxication.

PMID- 3378225
TI  - Controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa. III: Sinemet CR5 treatment of response
      fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Five patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and fluctuations in therapeutic
      response to levodopa participated in, and four completed, an open label study of
      the efficacy of Sinemet CR5. Reductions in the number of daily doses and "off"
      periods as well as the increase in interdose interval and percent "on" time
      versus standard Sinemet were comparable to those achieved with Sinemet CR4 in
      these same patients. As compared with Sinemet CR4, there was a greater delay in
      the occurrence of peak plasma levodopa concentrations, and relative
      bioavailability was reduced. Sinemet CR5 appears to offer no advantages over
      Sinemet CR4 in the treatment of response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3378226
TI  - Comparison of controlled-release Sinemet (CR4) and standard Sinemet (25 mg/100
      mg) in advanced Parkinson's disease: a double-blind, crossover study.

PMID- 3378227
TI  - Can trazodone induce parkinsonism?

PMID- 3378228
TI  - Diethylpropion and psychosis.
AB  - Five female patients who developed psychosis while taking diethylpropion
      hydrochloride are described, four with paranoid psychosis and one with manic
      psychosis. In all but one patient, these drugs were medically prescribed.
      Although relatively few cases of psychosis and psychosis-like illness were
      reported to the Committee for Safety of Medicines from 1963 until 1986, further
      cases may be anticipated. Patients on the drug should be carefully supervised and
      it should not be prescribed to those with personality disorder, previous evidence
      of amphetamine, alcohol, or other drug abuse, or those with a history of
      psychiatric breakdown.

PMID- 3378229
TI  - The crystal structure of an unusual chromophoric dimeric furan.
AB  - The red-orange crystals of (E)-2-[1-(3-hydroxy-2-furanyl)ethylidene]-(2H)-furan-3
      one, C10H8O4, crystallize in space group P2(1)/c with Z = 8, cell dimensions at
      123 K [293 K], a = 16.222(4) [16.360(8)] A, b = 7.089(2) [7.219(4)] A, c =
      16.631(5) [16.722(8)] A, beta = 115.20(3) [115.50(7)]degrees. There are two
      symmetry nonequivalent molecules in the unit cell, each of which has an
      unsymmetrical configuration with an unsymmetrical O-H...O = C intramolecular
      hydrogen bond. This is contrary to a previous report based on the solid-state
      i.r. spectrum. The two furan rings in each molecule are planar, but not coplanar.
      They are inclined at angles of 33.4 degrees and 26.1 degrees to each other, in
      opposite senses in the two molecules.

PMID- 3378230
TI  - Synthesis of a close analog of the repeating unit of the antifreeze glycoproteins
      of polar fish.
AB  - The protected glycopeptide N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-alanyl-[O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O
      benzoyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D
      galactopyranosy l)- (1----3)]-L-threonyl-L-alanine 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester was
      made by coupling the respective disaccharide and tripeptide blocks. The
      disaccharide block was generated by coupling tetra-O-benzoyl-alpha-D
      galactopyranosyl bromide to allyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
      and converting the product into O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-beta-D
      galactopyranosyl)-(1----3)-2,4,6-tri-O -benzyl - alpha-D-galactopyranosyl
      chloride via the 1-propenyl glycoside and the free (1-OH) sugar. Alternatively,
      the 1-propenyl intermediate was obtained directly by using 1-propenyl 2,4,6-tri-O
      benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside as the acceptor in the initial coupling
      reaction. An efficient 3-step synthesis of 10 was accomplished by the dibutyltin
      oxide-assisted, selective crotylation of allyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside at O-3,
      followed by benzylation and treatment of the product with potassium tert
      butoxide. The N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Z) and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) 2,2,2
      trichloroethyl esters of Thr-Ala and Ala-Thr-Ala were formed by sequential
      coupling. The silver triflate-promoted glycosylation of the Z-protected dipeptide
      and tripeptide by 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl chloride, and
      of the tripeptide by 6, proceeded with excellent alpha-stereoselectivity. From
      the disaccharide tripeptide 21, the carboxyl-deprotected and fully deprotected
      derivatives were prepared.

PMID- 3378231
TI  - The preparation of a partially protected heptasaccharide-asparagine intermediate
      for glycopeptide synthesis.
AB  - The heptasaccharide O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl
      (1----3)]-O- alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-[alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1----3)]
      O-be ta- D-mannopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-
      (1----4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, isolated from the urine of
      swainsonine-intoxicated sheep, was peracetylated and was converted into the
      glycosyl azide by three alternative procedures, the most successful of which was
      formation of peracetyl oxazoline by treatment with trimethylsilyl
      trifluoromethanesulfonate, followed by treatment with trimethylsilyl azide.
      Reduction of the glycosyl azide in the presence of Lindlar catalyst gave the
      glycosylamine derivative, which was coupled with 1-benzyl N-fluoren-9
      ylmethoxycarbonyl-L-aspartate to yield a protected glycosylasparagine. The benzyl
      ester group was easily removed by hydrogenolysis to form an intermediate suitable
      for glycopeptide synthesis.

PMID- 3378233
TI  - A total synthesis of hematoside, alpha-NeuGc-(2----3)-beta-Gal-(1----4)-beta-Glc
      (1----1)-Cer.
AB  - Methyl (5-acetoxyacetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5- dideoxy-D-glycero-beta-D
      galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl chloride)onate, prepared from N-glycolyl-neuraminic
      acid, was used for the glycosylation of benzyl O-(2,6-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-
      galactopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside to give
      benzyl O-[methyl (5-acetoxyacetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero
      alpha- and beta-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl)onate]-(2----3)-O-(2,6-di-O -benzyl
      beta- D-galacto-pyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside,
      and a regioisomer. Compounds 9 and 13 were converted into the corresponding
      glycotriaosyl glycosyl donors which, upon coupling with (2S,3R,4E)-3-O-tert
      butyldiphenylsilyl-2-N- tetracosanoylsphingenine, afforded completely protected
      hematoside and a stereoisomer 26, respectively. Deprotection of 22 and 26
      completed the first total synthesis of both hematoside and a stereoisomer, beta
      NeuGc-(2----3)-beta-Gal-(1----4)-beta-Glc-(1----1)-Cer.

PMID- 3378232
TI  - Structural studies of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson,
      serogroup C1 (6,7).
AB  - The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Salmonella thompson, serogroup
      C1 (6,7) has been investigated mainly by methylation analysis, n.m.r.
      spectroscopy, specific degradations by a phage-associated enzyme, N-deacetylation
      deamination, and f.a.b.-m.s. It is concluded that the structure involves the
      following repeating unit. (formula; see text) There are two populations of
      chains, with and without alpha-D-glucopyranosyl groups, 3-linked to an alpha-D
      Manp residue, and only the latter type is hydrolysed by the phage enzyme. The
      alpha linkage of the third Manp residue is cleaved by the O14 phage enzyme. The
      structure, with or without the alpha-D-glucopyranosyl group, represents the
      biological repeating-unit.

PMID- 3378234
TI  - 3-Azi-1-methoxybutyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, a photoaffinity label for
      monoclonal antigalactan antibodies of the VH GAL 39.1/55.1 gene-family.
AB  - 3-Azi-1-methoxybutyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, prepared from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O
      acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide in four steps, had an affinity constant
      for antigalactans IgA (Fab') J539 and X24 of 1550 and 1730 M-1, respectively. 3
      Azi-1-methoxybutyl beta-D-(4-3H)galactopyranoside, when photolysed in the
      presence of IgA X24, specifically labelled the galactan-binding area of the
      immunoglobulin.

PMID- 3378235
TI  - Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella types 8 and
      82, a reinvestigation.
AB  - The structures of the capsular polysaccharides elaborated by Klebsiella types 8
      (K8) and 82 (K82) have been reinvestigated. N.m.r. spectroscopy of the original
      and chemically modified polysaccharides was the principal method used. It is
      concluded that the polysaccharides are composed of repeating units having the
      following structures. (Formula: see text). The presence of L-glutamic acid,
      linked as an amide to the carboxyl group of a uronic acid, has not been observed
      hitherto in bacterial polysaccharides.

PMID- 3378236
TI  - Antitumor active beta-D-glucans from Phytophthora parasitica.

PMID- 3378237
TI  - The synthesis of tetra-, penta-, and hexa-saccharides related to an L-arabino-D
      glucan.

PMID- 3378239
TI  - Synthesis of 2-acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-
      glucopyranose. A potential specific substrate for (1----2)-alpha-L
      fucosyltransferase.

PMID- 3378238
TI  - Use of 2-methyl-(3,6-di-O-acetyl-1,2,4-trideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D- glucopyrano)
      [2,1-d]-2-oxazoline as a glycosyl donor. Synthesis of benzyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2
      acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-beta-D-glucopyran osy l)-2- deoxy-alpha-D
      galactopyranoside.

PMID- 3378240
TI  - General methods for modification of sialic acid at C-9. Synthesis of N-acetyl-9
      deoxy-9-fluoroneuraminic acid.
AB  - Methyl 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-2-O-methyl-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyrano sate
      was converted into the 9-O-trityl derivative and the remaining hydroxyl groups
      were protected as benzyl ethers. Removal of the trityl group, followed by
      treatment with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride gave the 9-deoxy-9-fluoro
      derivative, and deprotection N-acetyl-9-deoxy-9-fluoroneuraminic acid (8). In
      another procedure, coupling of 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucopyranose
      with potassium di(tert-butyl) oxaloacetate, followed by hydrolysis and
      decarboxylation gave 8. Some of the derivatives were active as inhibitors of
      growth of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (TA3) and L1210 cells in culture.

PMID- 3378241
TI  - Stable, isotopically substituted carbohydrates: an improved synthesis of (6
      13C)aldohexoses.
AB  - 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-alpha-D-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose (1) has been used as
      the parent aldose in the preparation of D-(6-13C)glucose and L-6-13C)idose via
      cyanohydrin reduction. The addition of K13CN (pH 6.8, 5 min) to 1 yields D-gluco
      and L-ido cyanohydrins that are readily reduced with H2 and Pd-BaSO4, to give 1,2
      O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-gluco-hexodialdo-1,4-furanose (2; approximately 65%) and
      1,2-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-ido-hexodialdo-1,4-furanose (3; 35%). Aldehydes 2 and
      3 are reduced in situ with NaBH4, the resulting alcohols are deprotected with
      aqueous acid, and the aldoses are chromatographed on Dowex 50 X-8 (Ca2+) ion
      exchange resin (200-400 mesh), to yield D-(6-13C)glucose (6) and L-(6-13C)idose
      (7). Molybdate epimerization of 6 and 7 yields D-(6-13C)mannose and L-(6
      13C)gulose, respectively. A similar reaction scheme may be applied to methyl 2,3
      O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribo-pentodialdo-1,4-furanoside to generate the remaining
      four (6-13C)aldohexoses. This route is considerably simpler than the traditional
      Kiliani-Fischer route, and higher yields are obtained.

PMID- 3378243
TI  - Glutathione concentration in the semen of cow and buffalo bulls.

PMID- 3378242
TI  - A computer-assisted structural analysis of regular polysaccharides on the basis
      of 13C-n.m.r. data.
AB  - A computerised approach to the structural analysis of unbranched regular
      polysaccharides is described, which is based on an evaluation of the 13C-n.m.r.
      spectra for all possible primary structures within the additive scheme starting
      from the chemical shifts of the 13C resonances of the constituent monosaccharides
      and the average values of the glycosylation effects. The analysis reveals a
      structure (or structures), the evaluated spectrum of which resembles most closely
      that observed. The approach has been verified by using a series of bacterial
      polysaccharides of known structure and, in combination with methylation analysis
      data, for the determination of the presently unknown structures of the O-specific
      polysaccharides from Salmonella arizonae O59 and O63, and Proteus hauseri O19.

PMID- 3378244
TI  - Composition and functional aspects of glycoconjugates extracted from hare (Lepus
      europaeus) sublingual gland.

PMID- 3378245
TI  - Unscheduled labelling by 3H-thymidine in mouse pachytene spermatocytes and round
      spermatids of Robertsonian translocation carriers.

PMID- 3378246
TI  - Mitochondrial dehydrogenases during senescence of the cerebellar cortex. A
      comparative electron microscope study.

PMID- 3378247
TI  - Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and catalase activities in fetal rat liver: effect of
      maternal treatment with clofibrate.

PMID- 3378248
TI  - [Should arterial hypertension in patients on regular dialysis therapy be treated
      with hypotensive agents?].

PMID- 3378250
TI  - [Seminoma and HLA-DR antigens].

PMID- 3378249
TI  - [Separation of granulocytes on the Travenol CS-3000 separator].

PMID- 3378251
TI  - [Disorders of the fibrinolytic capacity in patients with chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 3378252
TI  - [Cytophotometric and morphometric monitoring of the effects of newly developed
      drugs on hematopoietic cells].

PMID- 3378253
TI  - [Iproplatin--advantages and disadvantages of a new platinum cytostatic agent].

PMID- 3378254
TI  - Wall structure of arteriovenous anastomoses in the rabbit ear. Combined light-,
      scanning- and transmission electron-microscopic studies.
AB  - The wall structure of arteriovenous anastomoses in the rabbit ear was
      investigated. (1) Clusters of epithelioid smooth muscle cells form 3-4
      longitudinally oriented plicae. The channel shows a single, irregularly outlined
      lumen, and its wall is very thin between adjacent plicae. (2) Endothelial cells
      covering the plicae protrude into the lumen, thus suggesting active contraction
      or shortening of the plicae. (3) The tunica adventitia is composed of 4-6 sheaths
      of flat fibroblasts, which may serve as a barrier to prevent loss of
      neurotransmitters. Processes of some of the fibroblasts also extend into the
      tunica media. (4) The tunica media is composed of an outer circular layer of
      typical smooth muscle cells, and an inner longitudinally running plica of
      ramified smooth muscle cells. Wide intercellular spaces between these ramified
      cells are filled with collagen fibrils, microfibrils, amorphous intercellular
      substances, and fibroblasts. Fibroblasts form close membrane contacts with each
      other, and with the smooth muscle cells. (5) Fibroblasts and other connective
      tissue components may function as an elastic support during active motility of
      the anastomotic channel.

PMID- 3378255
TI  - Ultrastructural characterization of exocytotic release sites in different layers
      of the median eminence of the rat.
AB  - The release of neuronal secretory products by exocytosis in different layers of
      the median eminence of the rat was investigated ultrastructurally after perfusion
      with Ringer solution containing tannic acid. Exocytotic images were observed in
      all layers studied. Neurohaemal release sites were found in the pars externa of
      the palisade layer, where they occurred not only against the basal lamina of the
      pericapillary space, but also opposite, adjacent to neuronal and glial elements.
      In the lateral portion of the pars externa of the palisade layer most release
      sites were separated from the pericapillary space or the pial surface by
      ependymal or glial processes. In the pars interna of the palisade layer, and in
      the reticular, fibre and subependymal layers, release was observed in different
      types of axonal processes without morphological synaptic specializations. We
      suggest that products released in the pars externa of the palisade layer are
      destined to reach the capillaries of the primary portal plexus. Although the non
      vascular release sites may serve a similar hormonal function, they may
      alternatively represent the morphological correlate of axo-axonal contacts or of
      paracrine, non-synaptic release sites.

PMID- 3378256
TI  - Changes in proteins synthesized by rabbit endometrial epithelial cells following
      primary culture.
AB  - Morphological and biochemical changes occurring in rabbit endometrial epithelial
      cells when placed in culture were investigated. Cells were examined by scanning-
      and transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture. Morphologically,
      cultured cells are shorter and broader than the columnar epithelial cells in
      vivo, but retain their polarity as indicated by the presence of apical microvilli
      and a well-developed junctional belt. To study changes in biochemical function,
      proteins synthesized by cells in primary culture were analyzed by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis. Proteins were labeled during a 24-h incubation with 35S
      methionine and gels examined by fluorography. The pattern of proteins changed
      after cells had been in culture for 48 h. On day 3 new proteins were synthesized
      and several protein species labeled during days 1 or 2 of culture, including
      uteroglobin, no longer appeared. On days 3-8 of culture the protein patterns were
      similar. Addition of progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, or combinations of these
      hormones to the culture medium for 24-144 h failed to elicit consistent changes
      in the pattern of labeled proteins established after 3 days of culture. Minor
      differences in protein patterns among unrelated cultures appear to have been
      derived from the original cells of the culture. These results indicate that after
      48 h in primary culture, cells grown in vitro resemble endometrial epithelial
      cells morphologically, but no longer reflect functionally the character of
      epithelial cells in the uterus.

PMID- 3378257
TI  - A possible contribution by glial cells to neuronal energy production: enzyme
      histochemical studies in the developing rat cerebellum.
AB  - Recent reports have revealed that certain neurons do not survive in vitro in the
      presence of glucose, which is the primary substrate and exclusive source of
      energy in the brain. But these neurons can survive in the presence of low
      molecular-weight agents such as pyruvate, which are supplied by glial cells
      (Selak et al. 1984). To test whether this result also holds true in vivo, we
      investigated the distribution of hexokinase, lipoic dehydrogenase, beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities
      in the developing rat cerebellum. Hexokinase activity was relatively higher in
      glial cells than in neurons. After postnatal day 8, the activity of hexokinase
      could hardly be detected in Purkinje cells, whereas it was highest in Bergmann
      glial cells. Purkinje cells were the only type of neuron with high levels of
      lipoic dehydrogenase at all ages tested. beta-Hydroxybutylate dehydrogenase
      activity was also high in Purkinje cells, especially in those from young rats.
      Relatively high glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated in
      basket and stellate cells from adult brain. Thus, it appears that, in vivo,
      certain neurons utilize relatively little glucose, and it is indeed possible that
      glial cells may supply some substance(s) other than glucose, for example
      pyruvate, as the primary source of energy.

PMID- 3378258
TI  - Orthogonal arrays of particles in non-pigmented cells of rat ciliary epithelium:
      relation to distribution of filipin- and digitonin-induced alterations of the
      basolateral membrane.
AB  - It has been suggested that orthogonal arrays of particles may increase the
      rigidity of plasma membrane, as does cholesterol. Therefore, using freeze
      fractured non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, the distribution of such arrays was
      compared to the distribution of membrane deformations induced by the sterol
      probes filipin and digitonin in different domains of the basolateral plasma
      membrane. The distribution of orthogonal arrays of particles was homogeneous
      between different regions of the basolateral membrane of the non-pigmented
      ciliary epithelium, while the number of filipin-induced alterations was nearly 4
      times higher in the membrane domains not in contact with the basal lamina than in
      domains in contact with it. Contrary to the homogeneous distribution of arrays,
      digitonin-induced deformations also differed markedly in these two basolateral
      membrane domains. Considering that a marked positive response to sterol probes
      implies a high sterol content, we conclude that orthogonal arrays of particles
      can occur in plasma membrane regions well-provided with cholesterol and not in
      direct contact with the basal lamina. Other possible roles of these arrays are
      discussed.

PMID- 3378259
TI  - Nodose placode provides ectomesenchyme to the developing chick heart in the
      absence of cardiac neural crest.
AB  - The cardiac neural crest provides both ectomesenchyme and parasympathetic
      postganglionic neurons to the developing heart. Ablation of cardiac neural crest
      results in persistent truncus arteriosus, a condition in which the conotruncal
      and aorticopulmonary septa do not form in the developing heart. Parasympathetic
      postganglionic neurons are abundantly present in hearts with persistent truncus
      arteriosus, which indicates a "regeneration" of the neural component of the
      cardiac neural crest without comparable restitution of the ectomesenchymal
      component. The neural component has been shown to be provided by cells from the
      nodose placode following ablation of the cardiac neural crest. This investigation
      has shown that ectomesenchymal cells are also supplied to a limited extent by the
      nodose placode which normally has no ectomesenchymal derivatives. Although
      placode-derived ectomesenchyme helps to strengthen the wall of the cardiac
      outflow vessel, it is not competent to induce conotruncal and aorticopulmonary
      septal closure.

PMID- 3378261
TI  - Scanning electron-microscopic study on the three-dimensional structure of motor
      endplates of the slow (tonic) muscle fibers in the frog, Rana n. nigromaculata.
AB  - The three-dimensional organization of the motor endplates of the slow fibers of
      the rectus abdominis muscle in the Japanese meadow frog (Rana nigromaculata
      nigromaculata Hallowell) is visualized by use of a field-emission scanning
      electron microscope after removal of connective tissue components by HCl
      hydrolysis. Clusters of shallow oval depressions approximately 1-3 microns in
      diameter are seen in the postsynaptic membrane at intervals of about 150 microns.
      On the surface of these depressions, a few low bulges of postsynaptic membrane
      are irregularly arranged. Terminal boutons, approximately 1-3 microns in
      diameter, occur along the length of nerve branches and terminals and fit into the
      shallow oval depressions of the postsynaptic membrane. The Schwann cells covering
      the terminal branches exhibit a simpler organization than those in twitch fibers.

PMID- 3378260
TI  - Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of L-glutamate decarboxylase and
      GABA in rat pancreatic zymogen granules.
AB  - The ultrastructural immunohistochemical localization of gamma aminobutyric acid
      (GABA) and its regulating enzymes, L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and gamma
      aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase, was determined utilizing an
      immunogold post-embedding protocol in pancreatic exocrine tissue. Within the
      acinar cell, GABA and its biosynthetic enzyme, GAD, were localized in zymogen
      granules. Quantitative analysis of the GABA immunoreactivity in the acinar cell
      revealed 1.7 +/- 0.5 gold particles/micron2 over the cytoplasm, 36.6 +/- 14.1
      gold particles/micron2 over the zymogen granules, and 2.9 +/- 2.1 gold
      particles/micron2 over the mitochondria. Quantitative analysis of the
      distribution of colloidal gold particles, representing glutamate decarboxylase
      immunoreactivity in the acinar cells, revealed 38.4 +/- 2.5 gold
      particles/micron2 over the zymogen granules, 4.7 +/- 1.1 gold particles/micron2
      over the mitochondria and 6.3 +/- 0.5 gold particles/micron2 over the remainder
      of the cytoplasm. Substitution of normal sheep serum for the sheep anti-glutamate
      decarboxylase serum revealed a significant (p less than 0.001) decrease of the
      colloidal gold particle distribution over the zymogen granules and cytoplasmic
      compartments of the acini. Gamma aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase,
      the catabolic enzyme for GABA, was not detected in the mitochondria, zymogen
      granules, and cytoplasm of the acinar cell, suggesting that GABA is not
      catabolized within the acinar cell. Preabsorption and substitution controls
      resulted in an absence of labeling. These results suggest that GABA may act
      extracellularly and/or have a role within the zymogen granule in the exocrine
      pancreas.

PMID- 3378262
TI  - Retinal projections in sockeye salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus nerka).
AB  - The retinal projections in 2-year-old salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus nerka) are
      significantly different from those observed in other teleosts examined to date in
      that the projections are more extensive. Very noticeable are extensive
      projections to most of the dorsal thalamus, to all layers of the optic tectum,
      and into the periaqueductal gray of the torus semicircularis. The salmon smolt
      has bilateral retinal projections to the diencephalon and pretectum. A small
      retinal projection to the lateral habenular nucleus has not been described
      previously. Although these findings suggest striking differences in retinal
      projections among teleosts, this variation may relate to age differences since
      the previously studied teleosts were adults.

PMID- 3378263
TI  - Neurotropic effects of estrogen on the neonatal preoptic area grafted into the
      adult rat brain.
AB  - The preoptic area (POA) or cerebral cortex taken from newborn female rats were
      transplanted into the third ventricle of ovariectomized adult rats. From the day
      of transplantation, estradiol-17 beta in a silastic capsule was implanted
      subcutaneously into host animals for 4 weeks. The POA or cerebral cortex
      transplants were examined at light- and electron-microscopic levels 4 weeks after
      transplantation. All of the POA or cortical grafts showed an appearance similar
      to normal neural tissue. Estrogen exposure for 4 weeks via the host induced a
      significant increase in the volume of the POA grafts. The neuronal population of
      the POA grafts exposed to estrogen was not significantly different from that of
      the POA grafts without estrogen treatment. However, the number of axodendritic
      shaft and spine synapses of the POA grafts exposed to estrogen was significantly
      greater than that of the POA grafts without estrogen treatment. In contrast,
      there was no significant difference in the volume of the cortical tissues
      transplanted into the brain between the control and estrogen-treated groups.
      These results suggest that estrogen has a stimulatory effect on the development
      of neuronal substrates in the intraventricular POA graft, increasing its volume
      and synaptic population.

PMID- 3378264
TI  - Effect of monosodium glutamate on the neural complex of Ciona intestinalis
      (Tunicata).
AB  - Short-term treatment of the ascidian (tunicate) Ciona intestinalis with
      monosodium glutamate produces a transient decrease in methionine-enkephalin-like
      immunoreactivity of neurones in the nervous ganglion. Moreover, it causes
      vacuolisation of the cells in the neural complex, particularly in the neural
      gland. Similar damages occur after ovariectomy. These results suggest that the
      ovary exerts an indirect influence on the neural gland via the nervous ganglion,
      and that the methionine-enkephalin-like substance could be the responsible
      "neuromediator".

PMID- 3378265
TI  - Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of calcium-binding proteins in
      enteric neurons.
AB  - Immunoreactivity for vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been
      localized in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in the gastrointestinal tracts of
      guinea-pig, rat and man. CaBP immunoreactivity was found in a high proportion of
      nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus, particularly in the small intestine.
      It was also found in submucous neurons of the small and large intestines.
      Immunoreactive nerve fibres were numerous in the myenteric ganglia, and were also
      common in the submucous ganglia and in the intestinal mucosa. Immunoreactive
      fibres were rare in the circular and longitudinal muscle coats. In the myenteric
      ganglia of the guinea-pig small intestine the immunoreactivity is restricted to
      one class of nerve cell bodies, type-II neurons of Dogiel, which display calcium
      action potentials in their cell bodies. These neurons were also immunoreactive
      with antibodies to spot 35 protein, a calcium-binding protein from the
      cerebellum. From the distribution of their terminals and the electrophysiological
      properties of these neurons it is suggested they might be sensory neurons, or
      perhaps interneurons. The discovery of CaBP in restricted sub-groups of enteric
      neurons may provide an important key for the analysis of their functions.

PMID- 3378266
TI  - Analysis of proteins in the peripheral and central regions of amphibian oocytes
      and eggs.
AB  - Proteins in oocytes, meiotically mature eggs and zygotes of Xenopus laevis were
      examined to determine whether proteins in the peripheral region differ from those
      in the central region of these cells. We show that different regions contain
      different amounts of newly synthesized proteins and that during meiotic
      maturation and fertilization the periphery of the animal hemisphere becomes the
      site where most newly synthesized proteins are found. Examination of two
      dimensional gels indicates that most of these proteins are found in all parts of
      the egg, but certain proteins demonstrate patterns of distribution which are
      indicative of (1) polarity, (2) developmental stage, and (3) the position within
      the hemisphere (central or peripheral). These results suggest that the periphery
      of oocytes, eggs, and zygotes is a site of greater metabolic activity compared
      with the central region.

PMID- 3378267
TI  - Ontogenic emergence of a quail leukocyte/endothelium cell surface antigen.
AB  - The ontogenic emergence of MB1, a quail cell surface antigen expressed by
      endothelial and hemopoietic cells but not erythrocytes, was followed by direct
      immunofluorescent staining of transverse sections of the developing blastodisc,
      from the stage of the cephalic fold until 22 pairs of somites. Along the
      developmental sequence that leads from hemangioblasts, the mesodermal precursors
      of both endothelium and hemopoietic cells, to vessels containing blood cells, MB1
      is first expressed by arising endothelial cells. These first emerge as flattened
      cells at the periphery of hemangioblastic clusters in the area opaca from the
      stage of one pair of somites and slightly later as unicellular angioblasts in the
      area pellucida and in the embryo. MB1 expression is then maintained on
      endothelium as vessels develop, in contrast with extraembryonic blood islands in
      which primitive erythroblasts remain MB1-negative. A small proportion of blood
      island cells and budding of endothelium contribute a population of MB1-positive
      hemopoietic cells appearing soon after the onset of angiogenesis.

PMID- 3378268
TI  - The histones of the sperm of Spisula solidissima include a novel, cysteine
      containing H-1 histone.
AB  - The histones remaining at the end of the spermiogenic differentiation, which are
      found associated with a highly basic protamine-like component [Ausio, J. and K.E.
      Van Holde (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 165, 363-371] in the mature sperm of Spisula
      solidissima, have been isolated and characterized for the first time. All four
      core histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and the lysine-rich histone H1 are present. The
      core histones are found in equal stoichiometric amounts. As has been observed in
      other bivalve molluscs, the amino acid compositions of the core histones of S.
      solidissima sperm are very close to those of their counterparts in the calf
      thymus somatic histones. The spermatic histone H1 exhibits an amino acid
      composition and structural features similar to other histones of the histone H1
      family. Yet this latter histone seems to be sperm-specific, and it contains at
      least two cysteine residues per molecule, which makes it unique in its class.

PMID- 3378269
TI  - Degradation of yolk proteins in sea urchin eggs and embryos.
AB  - Yolk granules isolated from unfertilized and fertilized eggs of the sea urchins,
      Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Anthocidaris crassispina, were incubated in acidic
      media, and the protein components were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By the incubation, a protein (molecular
      weight 180,000 in H. pulcherrimus and 178,000 in A. crassispina) most abundant in
      unfertilized eggs decreased, while proteins (molecular weight 61,000, 72,000,
      94,000, 114,000 in H. pulcherrimus and 56,000, 70,000, 92,000, 112,000 in A.
      crassispina) dominant in developed embryos increased. Neither alkaline nor
      neutral condition resulted in such changes in the electrophoretic patterns of
      proteins as observed in acidic media. Experiments with various inhibitors of
      proteases suggested that thiol protease(s), such as cathepsin B, may be the most
      important enzyme(s) in the degradation of yolk proteins in embryogenesis of the
      sea urchin.

PMID- 3378270
TI  - Cell to cell adhesion systems in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad.
      II: Monoclonal antibody against a novel Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion
      glycoprotein on amphibian cells.
AB  - We isolated a mouse monoclonal antibody that disrupts Ca2+-dependent cell-cell
      adhesion of amphibian (Xenopus laevis) cells. When added to culture medium, the
      monoclonal antibody completely disrupted cell-cell adhesion of amphibian cells in
      monolayer culture and specifically inhibited Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion of
      dissociated cells in reaggregation experiments. The monoclonal antibody
      recognized a 140 kDa cell surface glycoprotein antigenically different from the
      previously reported Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins).

PMID- 3378271
TI  - Responses in Xenopus to the thymus independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
      and its haptenated derivative, trinitrophenylated PVP (TNP-PVP).
AB  - Xenopus laevis (the South African clawed toad) can respond to thymus dependent
      (TD) and thymus independent (TI) antigens. However, the response to
      trinitrophenylated Ficoll (TNP-Ficoll), a TI-2 antigen in mammals, is thymus
      dependent in Xenopus. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), classed as a TI antigen in
      mammals, is also a TI antigen in Xenopus, but responses to PVP and TNP-PVP are
      thymus regulated. As with TNP-Ficoll, capacity to respond to TNP-PVP diminishes
      during metamorphosis, and tolerance can be induced via the stimulation of TD
      suppression with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Animals treated with N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea and adult-thymectomised Xenopus, which lack certain TD responses, can
      nevertheless respond to TNP-PVP. Based on this and other information, it is
      concluded that TNP-PVP should be classed as a TI-2 antigen in Xenopus.

PMID- 3378272
TI  - Alveolar type II-like cell colonies: effect of alveolar macrophages and
      macrophage-conditioned media.
AB  - Alveolar type II-like colonies were obtained after a low density plating (5 X
      10(3)/60 mm tissue culture dish) of primary type II cells. These colonies were
      formed only when type II cells were either cocultured with alveolar macrophages
      or with conditioned media generated by alveolar macrophages. Cells in the
      colonies appeared homogeneous and kept their lamellar bodies over a period of 8
      weeks and more, as observed by electron microscopy. These cells reacted
      immunocytochemically with antibodies directed against the 32-38 kDa protein
      fractions of rat surfactant.

PMID- 3378273
TI  - Design of clinical database management systems and associated software to
      facilitate medical statistical research.
AB  - Clinical databases are growing rapidly. The clinical database is heavily used for
      medical research in many settings. This paper discusses design features for
      medical databases that facilitate their use for research. The database management
      system should allow complex data structures, have a syntax-facilitating
      collection of longitudinal data, interface with major statistical software
      packages, allow an extensive data dictionary, conveniently merge files,
      facilitate archival documentation, have an associated data entry system that
      allows complex logical checking, and have coordinated mainframe and microcomputer
      software.

PMID- 3378274
TI  - Comparative activity in different media of ketoconazole, miconazole and
      amphotericin B against Candida lusitaniae and sucrose-negative Candida
      tropicalis.
AB  - This study evaluates the susceptibility of sucrose-negative Candida tropicalis
      and Candida lusitaniae strains to amphotericin B (AMB), miconazole (MCZ) and
      ketoconazole (KTZ). The susceptibility tests were carried out in different media:
      Antibiotic Medium 3 (AM-3m) and Earle Minimum Essential Medium (E-MEM) for AMB:
      Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB) and E-MEM for imidazole compounds. The minimal
      fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of AMB were slightly higher than minimal
      inhibitory concentration (MICs) except against Candida lusitaniae strains;
      whereas the MFCs of MCZ and KTZ were higher than the MICs by almost two-fold for
      all strains tested. AMB was more efficacious against sucrose-negative Candida
      tropicalis and the MICs were very definite; on the contrary, the MICs with KTZ
      were difficult to read. The MICs of AMB in E-MEM were essentially the same as
      those in AM-3m; whereas for KTZ and MCZ determined in YNB the MICs were generally
      higher than those obtained in E-MEM.

PMID- 3378275
TI  - Clinical evaluation of aztreonam for serious gram-negative bacterial infections.
AB  - In an open study aztreonam was evaluated for efficacy and safety in 20 hospital
      in-patients presenting with presumptive or confirmed hospital acquired aerobic
      gram-negative infections. The overall clinical cure rate was 100% (19/19) with a
      corresponding microbiological cure rate of 100% in those patients in whom an
      organism was isolated initially (17/17). Reinfection with enterococcus occurred
      in 2 patients with UTI within a week of stopping aztreonam and one patient
      developed superinfection during treatment, but none were given any additional
      therapy. No evidence of drug-associated toxicity was found on any of the
      laboratory evaluations. One patient developed diarrhea 3 days after starting
      therapy, was withdrawn from the study and subsequently excluded from the
      analysis. One other patient remained febrile despite evidence of clinical and
      microbiological cure. Both these incidents were thought to be possibility drug
      related. This study confirms aztreonam as a safe and effective way to treat
      patients with serious gram-negative infections.

PMID- 3378276
TI  - The treatment of staphylococcus peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory
      peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - The aim of this prospective, randomized, open study was to survey the frequency
      course and to evaluate the therapy of peritonitis induced by staphylococci in
      patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). From June 1983 to
      November 1986, 20 patients (9 men, 11 women) aged from 25 to 73 were treated.
      During 258 months of the CAPD treatment they had 54 episodes of peritonitis.
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus was the most frequent offender of peritonitis,
      isolated from peritoneal effluent in 44% of the cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis
      was isolated in 7% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 5% of the
      cases and caused a more severe form of peritonitis. The combination of gentamicin
      and methicillin was used in 14 cases, in 2 cases this treatment was unsuccessful.
      A combination of gentamicin and cloxacillin was used in 5 cases and a combination
      of clindamycin and mezlocillin in 12 cases of peritonitis, giving good results in
      all cases. The last combination seemed to be the most effective in the treatment
      of staphylococcus induced peritonitis.

PMID- 3378277
TI  - Aclacinomycin tissue distribution in the rat.
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate aclacinomycin distribution in the rat,
      using a method based on the histofluorescence of tissues treated in vivo with
      anthracyclines. The target organs were the kidney, lung and pancreas; a fainter
      fluorescence was also detected in the heart compared with adriamycin due to a
      quantitatively different fixing of the two anthracyclines. Our findings revealed
      a preferential uptake into the cell nucleus in all tissues examined except the
      adrenal gland medulla where a slight fluorescence appeared only in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 3378278
TI  - Modulation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity in F344 rats by di(2
      ethylhexyl)phthalate.
AB  - The effects of cotreatment with a hyperlipidemic chemical, 2,3,7,8
      tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and a hypolipidemic agent, di(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate (DEHP), on lipid metabolism and toxicologic responses were studied in
      F344 rats. Treatment with TCDD alone (160 micrograms/kg) caused an increase in
      serum triglycerides and cholesterol while treatment with DEHP alone (2 g/kg/day)
      caused a decrease in triglycerides and cholesterol versus untreated controls.
      When administered before or after TCDD, DEHP caused a decrease in TCDD-induced
      hyperlipidemia. This change was attributed to enhanced hepatic peroxisomal beta
      oxidation and decreased hepatic lipid synthesis resulting from treatment with
      DEHP. TCDD treatment produced a fatty liver, as determined by gravimetric
      analysis of extracted lipid and microscopic examination of liver sections which
      revealed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization that stained positive with Oil Red
      0, but did not induce peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Thus, an increase in hepatic or
      serum lipid levels is not sufficient for induction of peroxisome proliferation.
      Neither TCDD nor DEHP treatment affected mitochondrial beta-oxidation.
      Pretreatment of rats with DEHP, followed by daily exposure to this hypolipidemic
      agent after treatment with TCDD, had a partial protective effect against TCDD
      induced fatty liver, body weight loss and mortality. Microscopic examination of
      liver sections confirmed the suppression of TCDD-induced fatty liver by
      pretreatment with DEHP. When DEHP treatment was initiated after the TCDD dose,
      there was less protection against the above parameters of TCDD toxicity. This
      study demonstrates that TCDD-induced fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and mortality
      can be antagonized by treatment with a hypolipidemic agent such as DEHP.

PMID- 3378279
TI  - Oxidative stress induces a subset of heat shock proteins in rat hepatocytes and
      MH1C1 cells.
AB  - Lipoperoxidative damage caused by exposure of isolated hepatocytes or cultivated
      hepatoma cells to ADP-iron or to 4-hydroxynonenal induces the synthesis of some
      proteins which are different under these two conditions but are always a subset
      of the proteins induced in each type of cells upon heat-shock (heat-shock
      proteins). For at least one of these proteins (hsp 31), induced by 4
      hydroxynonenal, the increase is dose-dependent and the effect of heat and the
      chemical seems to be additive. Lipoperoxidation may be implicated in the
      induction of some of the heat shock proteins, but reproduces only incompletely
      the response of protein synthesis typical of heat-shock conditions.

PMID- 3378281
TI  - Studies on peptides. CLVII. Synthesis of frog-skin peptide, sauvagine.

PMID- 3378282
TI  - Enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of prostaglandin A2.

PMID- 3378280
TI  - Differential toxicity as a result of apical and basolateral treatment of LLC-PK1
      monolayers with S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachlorobutadienyl)glutathione and N-acetyl-S
      (1,2,3,4,4-pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-cysteine.
AB  - Monolayers of LLC-PK1 cells, a cell line with features typical of proximal
      tubular epithelial cells, were treated at the apical and basolateral side with S
      (1,2,3,4,4-pentachlorobutadienyl)glutathione (PCBD-GSH) and N-acetyl-S-(1,2,3,4,4
      pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-cysteine (PCBD-NAC). Apical treatment with PCBD-GSH
      (greater than 20 microM) resulted in cytotoxicity, which could be inhibited by
      acivicin and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), inhibitors of gamma
      glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT) and beta-lyase respectively. In contrast apical
      treatment with PCBD-NAC was only toxic at high concentrations (greater than 850
      microM), and this effect could hardly be inhibited by AOAA. Basolateral treatment
      of confluent LLC-PK1 monolayers, grown on porous membranes, with PCBD-GSH gave a
      much smaller response than apical treatment, consistent with the fact that gamma
      GT is predominantly present at the apical side. Basolateral treatment even with
      high concentrations of PCBD-NAC (1.1 mM) did not show an increase in cytotoxicity
      when compared to the effect after apical treatment. These results suggest the
      absence of an organic anion transporter, by which these conjugates in vivo are
      transported into the cells from the basolateral side. This supposition was
      substantiated in a study of transcellular transport of the model ions tetraethyl
      ammonium (TEA) and para-aminohippurate (PAH), in LLC-PK1 monolayers, grown as
      indicated above. No active PAH transport could be demonstrated, whereas an active
      TEA transport was present. The absence of an organic anion transporter limits the
      usefulness of LLC-PK1 cells for the study of nephrotoxicity of compounds, like
      PCBD-NAc, needing this transport to enter the cells. However, the finding of an
      active basolateral organic cation transporter, together with the presence of
      gamma GT, dipeptidase and beta-lyase, makes this system especially interesting
      for testing all compounds that use this transporter or these enzymes in order to
      elicit toxicity.

PMID- 3378284
TI  - A facile enzymatic synthesis of 5'-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)nucleosides and their
      antileukemic activities.

PMID- 3378283
TI  - Synthesis, metabolism, and in vitro biological activities of 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)
      2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (CV-2619)-related compounds.

PMID- 3378285
TI  - Studies on prodrugs. VIII. Preparation and characterization of (5-methyl-2-oxo
      1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methyl esters of sulbactam and its analogs.

PMID- 3378286
TI  - The effect of crude drugs on experimental hypercholesteremia: mode of action of (
      )-epigallocatechin gallate in tea leaves.

PMID- 3378287
TI  - Glycosides from Chinese medicinal plant, Hemsleya panacis-scandens, and structure
      taste relationship to cucurbitane glycosides.

PMID- 3378288
TI  - Enzymatic analysis of cyanogenic glycosides. II. A simple method by using a
      microdiffusional apparatus.

PMID- 3378289
TI  - Interaction of Rhizopus delemar lipase with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4
      chlorophenyl)ethane and structurally related pesticides: importance of 1:1
      pesticide-lipase complexes.

PMID- 3378290
TI  - Acute effect of extract from salviae miltiorrhizae radix on renal function in
      renal failure rats.

PMID- 3378291
TI  - Physicochemical properties of calcium-binding protein isolated from rat liver
      cytosol: Ca2+-induced conformational changes.

PMID- 3378292
TI  - Synthesis and expression of a gene for human tumor necrosis factor.

PMID- 3378293
TI  - Biphasic increase in chemiluminescence of lymphokine-treated macrophages.

PMID- 3378294
TI  - Oxo-type organophosphate-resistant acetylcholinesterase from organophosphate
      unsusceptible Culex tritaeniorhynchus.

PMID- 3378296
TI  - Stability of aqueous bacampicillin suspension.

PMID- 3378295
TI  - Isolation of the active component having the uremia-preventive effect from
      salviae miltiorrhizae radix extract.

PMID- 3378297
TI  - Inclusion mode of flurbiprofen with beta-cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O
      methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin, and improvements of some pharmaceutical properties of
      flurbiprofen by complexation.

PMID- 3378298
TI  - Novel phenoxyalkylamine derivatives. II. Synthesis and Ca2+-antagonistic
      activities of alpha-alkyl-alpha-[(phenoxypropylamino)propyl]benzeneacetonit rile
      derivatives.

PMID- 3378300
TI  - Studies on fungal products. XVI. New metabolites related to 3-methylorsellinate
      from Aspergillus silvaticus.

PMID- 3378299
TI  - Aminopyrimidines and derivatives. XXI. Synthesis of 5-acyl(4-beta-D
      glycopyranosylamino)pyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents.

PMID- 3378301
TI  - Isolation of an antidermatophytic substance from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

PMID- 3378302
TI  - Studies on crude drugs effective on visceral larva migrans. II. Larvicidal
      principles in kaempferiae rhizoma.

PMID- 3378303
TI  - Partial structural revision of porcine pancreatic colipase.

PMID- 3378304
TI  - Evaluation of indomethacin sustained-release suppositories prepared with a
      methacrylic acid-methacrylic acid methyl ester copolymer-polyethylene glycol 2000
      solid matrix.

PMID- 3378305
TI  - Binding of glycyrrhetinic acid to rat plasma, rat serum albumin, human serum, and
      human serum albumin.

PMID- 3378306
TI  - Selective synthesis of novel anticancer platinum pyrimidine greens by hydrogen
      peroxide oxidation.

PMID- 3378307
TI  - Effect of safrazine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor bearing a hydrazine-terminal,
      on phenytoin metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 3378308
TI  - Studies on cardiac ingredients of plants. V. Chemical transformation of
      proscillaridin and biological activities of derivatives.

PMID- 3378309
TI  - Simple peptides. II. Syntheses and properties of taurine-dipeptides containing
      neutral alpha-amino acid.

PMID- 3378310
TI  - 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors isolated from gardeniae fructus.

PMID- 3378312
TI  - The Pedi woman's experiences of childbirth and early parenthood: a summary of
      major findings.

PMID- 3378311
TI  - A profile of the registered nurse tutor in the RSA.

PMID- 3378313
TI  - [Nursing census 1986].

PMID- 3378314
TI  - [Non-nursing tasks and the registered nurse].

PMID- 3378315
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase properties: is there a role for a microsome-bound
      inactivating activity?
AB  - Liver microsomes have a strong ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inactivating
      capacity in vitro. The present results suggest that this may be involved in
      regulation of ODC activity in vivo: (1) the ODC inactivating capacity of
      microsomes appears susceptible to in vivo modulation: a single administration of
      thioacetamide, which induces ODC, also causes a significant increase in the
      inactivating capacity of the microsomes; (2) under conditions leading to
      increased microsome-bound ODC-inactivating capacity (e.g. liver from
      thioacetamide-treated rates versus regenerating liver) ODC displays a greater
      thermal lability and inactivability in vitro. A possible involvement of this
      microsomal activity in an autoregulatory pathway of ODC is suggested by the fact
      that it is induced by the administration of polyamines. However, inhibition of
      ODC activity by alpha-difluoromethylornithine does not prevent the increase of
      the microsomal activity caused by thioacetamide. Thus, polyamine biosynthesis
      does not appear to be an absolute requirement for induction of the microsomal ODC
      inactivating capacity. The apparent half-life of ODC in vivo, as evaluated after
      cycloheximide administration, does not appear to correlate with the microsomal
      ODC-inactivating capacity content and the stability properties of ODC in vitro.

PMID- 3378316
TI  - Adenylate cyclase in membrane fractions of RIN-A2-cells: studies with forskolin,
      NaF, GppNHp and NEM.
AB  - In crude membrane fractions of rat pancreatic islets and of RIN-A2-cells,
      forskolin and NaF stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Basal and stimulated
      enzyme activity was approximately 3 to 6 fold higher in membranes of RIN-A2-cells
      than in membranes of islet cells. In RIN-A2-cells GppNHp and NEM inhibited
      forskolin-stimulated enzyme activity. The inhibitory effect of GppNHp could be
      reduced by NEM. It is suggested that the adenylate cyclase system of RIN-A2-cells
      contains inhibitory and stimulatory N-proteins and that there are critical thiols
      related to Ni, Ns and/or the catalytic unit. Thus, membrane fractions of RIN-A2
      cells may be an appropriate model for studies on the adenylate cyclase system of
      insulin-producing cells.

PMID- 3378317
TI  - Pseudouridine is unsuitable as an endogenous renal clearance marker.
AB  - We assessed the clearance of endogenous pseudouridine in humans to evaluate the
      potential use of this modified nucleoside as a marker of glomerular filtration
      rate. Pseudouridine concentrations in serum ultrafiltrates and in the
      corresponding 24-h urine specimens from 19 healthy men were determined by high
      performance liquid chromatography. Mean (and SD) pseudouridine concentrations in
      serum and urine from this group averaged 2.77 (0.34) mumol/L and 203.2 (64.8)
      mumol/L, respectively. The calculated clearances of the nucleoside [87.3 (24.9)
      mL/min, n = 19], however, averaged approximately one-third lower than the
      corresponding creatinine clearances in the same individuals [131.8 (28.4)
      mL/min]. Measurement of simultaneous clearances of [3H]pseudouridine and
      [14C]inulin in rats also yielded a lower pseudouridine clearance, 0.78 relative
      to inulin. Our results are thus consistent with a partial net reabsorption of
      pseudouridine in both experimental animals and in humans, indicating that this
      compound would not be a suitable endogenous marker for routine estimation of the
      glomerular filtration rate.

PMID- 3378318
TI  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of human complement fragment C5a.
AB  - In this competitive RIA for determining concentrations of human C5a in biological
      fluids and in buffers, labeled C5a and sample are allowed to compete for binding
      to a limited amount of goat antibody to human C5a in solution. Free and bound
      tracer are then separated by a second antibody (rabbit anti-goat IgG) immobilized
      on paramagnetic particles. Total incubation time for this assay is 70 min.
      Sensitivity, precision, and analytical recovery of this assay compare well with
      those of a reference method.

PMID- 3378319
TI  - Are the classical markers sufficient to describe uremic solute accumulation in
      dialyzed patients? Hippurates reconsidered.
AB  - Interdependencies of accumulated solutes, analyzed by liquid chromatography in
      dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients, were studied by multivariate statistical
      analysis. In principal component analysis, three principal components (PC1-PC3)
      were retained from the data on 22 accumulated compounds in dialyzed patients,
      whereas only one principal component was retained from analogous data of a non
      dialyzed patient group. PC1 in the dialyzed patient group comprises
      concentrations of hippuric acid, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, tryptophan, and five
      unidentified fluorescent solutes in serum. Concentrations of the classical
      markers urea, uric acid, creatinine, and phosphate were closely related to PC2 in
      these patients. Indoleacetic acid and two unidentified fluorescent compounds
      constitute PC3. The compounds associated with the groups found by principal
      component analysis may be characterized by chemical structure and by the
      mechanism of their excretion via the remaining nephrons of dialyzed patients. In
      the non-dialyzed group, most of the solutes could be described by a single PC.
      This PC and PC1 from the dialyzed group correlated significantly with residual
      renal function, and with total ultraviolet absorbance and total fluorescence
      emission. The data suggest that it is of value to introduce a marker of uremic
      solute retention in addition to urea, to account for renal-function-related
      "organic-acid-like" compounds that are excreted by renal tubular secretion in
      dialyzed patients. The hippurates may serve this purpose.

PMID- 3378320
TI  - A method for direct estimation of imprecision profiles, with reference to
      immunoassay data.
AB  - A three-parameter model for directly estimating imprecision profiles from
      replicated immunoassay results is compared with a six-parameter indirect profile
      model obtained by the usual method of combining error in the raw response
      measurements with the slope of the standard curve. Direct estimation is likely to
      be less reliable when based on the limited data collected from a single assay,
      and may underestimate variability at high concentrations when many results are
      clustered at the upper end of the concentration range. However, at concentrations
      near the assay detection limit (often a region of particular interest), direct
      estimation is superior to the indirect method if a logistic or related function
      is used as the standard curve model. Direct estimation of imprecision profiles
      has useful application whenever the internal details of an assay system are not
      readily available, for example, in analysis of data collected in external
      surveys.

PMID- 3378321
TI  - Development of standard materials for use with the hematofluorometer.
AB  - Two methods for preparing erythrocytes were evaluated for the purpose of
      developing stable, blood-based standard materials for the hematofluorometer.
      Erythrocytes washed with citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution and reconstituted
      with platelet-free plasma were stable for 12 weeks. Plasma-free erythrocytes
      washed with isotonic saline and resuspended in citrate-glycerol solution were
      stable for 18 weeks when stored at 4 degrees C. Consequently, plasma-free
      erythrocytes were successfully used as proficiency test specimens in the New York
      State Department of Health's Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program for
      hematofluorometer users.

PMID- 3378322
TI  - Creatine kinase MM isoforms in serum after cardiac surgery.
AB  - We evaluated creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) MM3:MM1 isoform ratios in the serum
      of cardiac patients immediately after cardiac surgery for the diagnosis of
      perioperative myocardial injury. The mean ratio was 4.8 (range, 1.4-10.7) in 22
      patients who had postoperative myocardial complications and 4.6 (1.3-9.6) in 66
      patients who did not. By the first postoperative day the ratio had decreased
      substantially in both groups of patients. The isoform ratio did not correlate
      with the concentration of total CK, CK-MB, total lactate dehydrogenase (LD), or
      the incidence of LD1:LD2 or LD5:LD2 ratio reversal. Of these measurements, CK-MB
      and LD concentrations differed most between the groups of patients; parallel
      testing of CK-MB and LD showed an optimized sensitivity and specificity of 77%
      and 87%, respectively. We conclude that analysis for CK-MM isoforms does not add
      information in the period immediately after cardiac surgery; concentrations of CK
      MB and LD correlate with myocardial injury, but the sensitivity and specificity
      of these measurements may not be high enough for clinical utility.

PMID- 3378323
TI  - Solid-phase extraction with strong anion-exchange columns for selective isolation
      and concentration of urinary organic acids.
AB  - This is a new method for isolating and concentrating urinary organic acids before
      gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. Sulfate and phosphate anions are removed
      by precipitation with Ba(OH)2, and the urine pH is adjusted to 8-8.5. The sample
      is then applied onto small, disposable, strong-anion-exchange columns. Neutral
      and basic compounds are washed out with water, which is then removed by
      centrifugation and by rinsing the columns with methanol and diethyl ether. The
      organic acids are eluted with a 4/1 (by vol) mixture of an organic solvent-
      either n-butanol or ethyl acetate--and formic acid containing HSO4- (0.1 mol/L)
      as a highly selective counter-ion, and finally with methanol alone. Sulfate ions
      are retained, and the eluate is evaporated before trimethylsilyl derivatization.
      Analytical recoveries (about 100%) of organic acids compare favorably with those
      obtained with solvent extraction. This convenient procedure is selective and
      reproducible and is a suitable alternative to the more cumbersome
      diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex extraction method.

PMID- 3378324
TI  - Concentrations of chromium, cesium, and tin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients
      with brain neoplasms, leukemia or other noncerebral malignancies, and
      neurological diseases.
AB  - We measured the concentrations of chromium, cesium, and tin in the cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) of 29 patients with brain tumors [21 benign (BBT) and eight malignant
      (MBT)], 28 leukemic patients, 14 patients with lymphoma or noncerebral solid
      tumors (NLCT), and 32 control patients (15 with neurological disorders and 17
      with noneurological conditions) by use of flameless atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry. We detected chromium in 94% of the patients, tin in 79%, and
      cesium in 50%. The mean (and SEM) concentrations (micrograms/L) of these metals
      in the control group were 4.7 (1.1) for chromium, 3.8 (1.6) for cesium, and 6.4
      (1) for tin. We observed significant differences (P less than 0.05) in the
      concentration of chromium in CSF between the MBT group and all other tumor
      groups; the ratios for the mean CSF concentration of chromium in patients with
      BBT, leukemia, or NLCT to that in patients with MBT were 2.6, 2.1, or 4.4,
      respectively. We saw no significant differences in the concentrations of cesium
      or tin among the various groups investigated.

PMID- 3378325
TI  - Atypical patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Total lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) activity in serum and LD isoenzymes
      were quantified in 190 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 24, 48,
      and 72 h after admission. In 90% of the 570 blood specimens an LD isoenzyme
      pattern typical of AMI (LD-1/LD-2 greater than 0.76) was found. The other 56
      blood specimens showed an LD isoenzyme pattern atypical of AMI (LD-1/LD-2 less
      than 0.76). They were divided into three groups: 28 specimens with isomorphic
      pattern (relative increase in all five LD isoenzymes); 18 with relatively
      increased LD-3 proportion (greater than 35%); and 10 specimens with increased LD
      5 proportion (greater than 10%). No difference was found in mean total LD
      activity in serum between the typical isoenzyme group and the three atypical
      groups. The LD isomorphic pattern was found in 60% of AMI patients complicated by
      cardiogenic shock. Fifty percent of AMI patients admitted with pulmonary edema
      showed increased LD-3 proportion and half of the patients with AMI and congestive
      heart failure, predominant right, demonstrated increased LD-5 proportion. We
      conclude that although most patients with AMI present at diagnosis with a typical
      LD isoenzyme pattern, it is important to recognize that some may present with
      atypical LD isoenzyme patterns, which may be associated with specific AMI
      complications.

PMID- 3378326
TI  - Discriminant analysis of laboratory tests in patients admitted to a coronary care
      unit.
AB  - Discriminant analysis of chemistry and hematology laboratory test results was
      used to classify patients with and without myocardial infarction in a coronary
      care unit. We studied 64 patients with myocardial infarction and 70 patients
      without infarction, using logistic regression, linear and quadratic discriminant
      analyses on untransformed and logarithmically transformed data. Serum aspartate
      aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1), the best single discriminating test,
      classified 73% of patients correctly. Quadratic discriminant analysis on log
      transformed data had a 98.5% classification accuracy when all variables were used
      in the discriminant function and had the highest classification accuracy and
      precision. All of the discriminant methods had acceptable cross-validation.

PMID- 3378327
TI  - Early detection of skeletal muscle injury by assay of creatine kinase MM isoforms
      in serum after acute exercise.
AB  - We could detect skeletal muscle injury early after an acute exercise bout by
      measuring creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) MM isoforms in serum. Eleven men
      performed 120 alternating-arm, eccentric (muscle lengthening) biceps contractions
      with the intensity of each contraction being 110% of maximal concentric strength-
      a form of exercise previously shown to cause significant increases of CK in serum
      at 24 h and muscle soreness 48 h after exercise. Total CK and CK-MM isoform
      activities in serum were determined before and at 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, and 6 h
      after exercise. Using thin-film agarose gels and a rapid isoelectric focusing
      technique, we separated the MM isoforms into MM3 (skeletal muscle form), MM2, and
      MM1 (in vivo conversion forms). The isoforms reflected the MM form released into
      the serum from tissue as well as the conversion of one form to another. There
      were no significant increases in total CK from before to 6 h after exercise: 75
      (SD 36) vs 91 (SD 33) U/L. However, CK MM3 in serum increased significantly (P
      less than 0.01) within 2 h after exercise from 22 (SD 6)% to 28 (SD 6)%. The MM3
      to MM1 ratio also increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during this time,
      from 0.6 (SD 0.3) to 0.9 (SD 0.4). Thus, quantification of CK MM isoforms
      permitted very early detection of skeletal muscle enzyme release.

PMID- 3378328
TI  - Urinary lipoperoxides quantified by liquid chromatography, and determination of
      reference values for adults.
AB  - Urinary lipoperoxides, measured as the malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid
      adduct, were quantified by adapting to urine the liquid-chromatographic method of
      Wong et al. (Clin Chem 1987;33:214-20) to plasma. Reference intervals for untimed
      urine specimens from 121 men, ages 16 to 67 years, and 107 women, ages 15 to 55,
      were determined. Their concentrations differed significantly (P = 0.015), males
      having a mean (and SD) of 0.89 (0.35) nmol of malondialdehyde per milligram of
      creatinine, females 0.78 (0.30). In both groups, the values were slightly skewed
      to the higher values. Our early studies suggest that measuring urinary
      lipoperoxide may have advantages over plasma in studying certain disorders. The
      presence of other urinary chromophores or TBA-reactive substances stresses the
      need for chromatographic techniques when lipoperoxides are measured in biological
      samples.

PMID- 3378329
TI  - Effect of glucose loading on concentrations of chromium in plasma and urine of
      healthy adults.
AB  - We report here a small study designed to identify the effect of a 75-g oral
      glucose load on concentrations of chromium in plasma and urine of apparently
      healthy volunteers. We detected a consistent and significant (P less than 0.01)
      decline in plasma chromium after glucose administration, the nadir of the
      chromium response coinciding with the zenith of the glucose concentration.

PMID- 3378330
TI  - Multi-wavelength analyses of second-derivative spectra for rapid determination of
      acetaminophen in serum.
AB  - Measurement of acetaminophen by analysis of the second derivative of its spectrum
      is specific and sensitive. The method of extraction and the use of just one
      phosphate buffer as reagent makes this method very convenient. Readings are
      reliable from 10 to 1500 mg/L. A turnaround time of 20 min makes this method well
      suited for emergency cases. Precision and accuracy of the method are presented.
      Results are not biased by interferences, not even from N-acetylcysteine.

PMID- 3378331
TI  - An analysis for blood manganese used to assess environmental exposure.
AB  - In this graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrometric method for measuring
      manganese in whole blood, we use a pyrolytic platform to minimize interference by
      sample matrix. For optimal sample ashing we denature the sample within the
      furnace with nitric acid and use oxygen as the purge gas at low temperatures. The
      mean manganese concentration found in blood from 15 unexposed city dwellers was
      215 (2 SD 135) nmol/L. By comparison, the range of manganese concentrations in
      blood sampled from a group of Australian aborigines living near a surface
      manganese ore deposit on Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, was much higher
      (median 405 nmol/L, range 175 to 990 nmol/L).

PMID- 3378332
TI  - Revised calibration of the Reflotron cholesterol assay evaluated.
AB  - We evaluated the Boehringer Mannheim (B.M.) Reflotron Total Cholesterol "dry
      chemistry" method after its recalibration in 1987. Reports in the literature up
      to 1986-1987 of a negative bias (up to -10%) in the method prompted a revision of
      the factory-set calibration of the Reflotron. For this, B.M. prepared a new set
      of calibrators with 12 different concentrations of cholesterol. We checked in two
      ways whether accuracy had been achieved: (a) The values assigned to the
      calibrators by B.M. were checked with the manual Abell-Kendall Reference Method
      (MAK) performed in an official Reference Center. These were shown to be correct.
      (b) Concurrently, a direct comparison was made by analyzing 200 fresh samples of
      human serum. Reflotron cholesterol values obtained for these samples proved to be
      accurate, meeting the current World Health Organization/Centers for Disease
      Control criterion of maximum bias less than or equal to 5%. Orthogonal regression
      analysis yielded the following correlation: Reflotron = 0.985 MAK + 0.238 mmol/L
      (y = ax + b). Reflotron mean = 6.26 mmol/L; MAK mean = 6.09 mmol/L. SDa = 0.015
      mmol/L; SDb = 0.120 mmol/L, and r = 0.989.

PMID- 3378333
TI  - Scientific program. American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 40th national
      meeting. July 24-28, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts.

PMID- 3378335
TI  - Effect of storage pH on precipitation of albumin from urine from diabetics.

PMID- 3378334
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of homovanillic acid with use of toluene instead of
      benzene.

PMID- 3378336
TI  - The "index of fiduciality" proposed for use in evaluation and comparison of
      methods.

PMID- 3378337
TI  - Use of cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein in laboratory diagnosis of
      bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 3378338
TI  - Interference of sex-hormone binding globulin in a no-extraction double-antibody
      radioimmunoassay for estradiol.

PMID- 3378339
TI  - Enormous cross-reactivity of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate in the "RIANEN" RIA kit
      for cortisol determination.

PMID- 3378340
TI  - Urine glucose quantification with the Seralyzer.

PMID- 3378341
TI  - False-positive barbiturate test in urine owing to phenytoin and 5-(p
      hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin.

PMID- 3378342
TI  - Flame photometric measurement of lithium concentrations in erythrocytes during
      determination of sodium-lithium countertransport rate.

PMID- 3378343
TI  - Qualitative detection of chylomicrons with a high-speed laboratory centrifuge
      compared with 16-h-standing test, lipoprotein electrophoresis, and preparative
      ultracentrifugation.

PMID- 3378344
TI  - Reference intervals for serum magnesium determined with a DuPont aca.

PMID- 3378345
TI  - Amperometric detector used for assay of plasma catecholamines.

PMID- 3378346
TI  - Detection of morphine in the hair of opiate addicts with the Abbott TDx: a note
      of caution.

PMID- 3378347
TI  - Predictive value of AlbuScreen and Albustix results.

PMID- 3378348
TI  - Effect of free fatty acids on concentrations of iodothyronines in plasma during
      nonthyroidal illness.

PMID- 3378349
TI  - Effective separation of high-density lipoproteins in normal and
      hypertriglyceridemic sera.

PMID- 3378350
TI  - Frequent determinations of methanol in serum not needed for monitoring
      hemodialysis therapy of methanol ingestion.

PMID- 3378351
TI  - Bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase measured with wheat-germ agglutinin.

PMID- 3378352
TI  - Identification of renal calculi by computerized infrared spectroscopy.
AB  - A method is described for the assessment of renal calculi by means of a
      computerized IR spectrometer. A preliminary reference library of IR spectra of 34
      different renal calculi of known composition has been created. The reference
      library used in the operation of a computerized search program indicates the
      closest matches in the reference library data with the IR spectrum of an unknown
      sample. The computerized method of characterizing renal calculi has the advantage
      that it greatly reduces the likelihood of introducing errors because of operator
      bias in the subjective interpretation of spectral data.

PMID- 3378353
TI  - The estimation of dihydropteridine reductase in human blood cells.
AB  - Significant homology between dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) from rat and human
      sources has been established by the ability of polyclonal antibodies raised to
      the rat-liver enzyme to detect the human protein in Western blots. The antibody
      also reacted with a single protein in bovine, dog and porcine kidney extracts,
      however, only trace reactivity was detected in rabbit. Quantitation of Western
      blots by soft laser densitometry showed that the response was proportional to
      total protein present in analyses of both pure rat-liver enzyme samples and crude
      extracts of rat and human liver. The DHPR contents of human blood cells were
      analysed by this method and the results compared to levels determined in
      enzymatic assays. Extracts of platelets and lymphocytes showed good correlation
      between these two methods, however, granulocytes exhibited high apparent enzyme
      activity but no DHPR protein detectable in blots. Erythrocyte extracts showed
      approximately 50% lower DHPR protein levels than predicted by activity
      measurements. These results are discussed in relation to the accuracy of
      detecting DHPR deficiencies in humans by enzymatic assay of whole blood samples.

PMID- 3378354
TI  - Accumulation of furancarboxylic acids in uremic serum as inhibitors of drug
      binding.
AB  - 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2
      furanpropionic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-ethyl-2-furanpropionic acid and 3
      carboxy-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid were detected in uremic serum using gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass chromatography revealed that the serum
      concentrations of the furancarboxylic acids especially 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5
      propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, were increased in the chronic hemodialysis patients
      and that the acids could not be removed by conventional hemodialysis due to their
      strong binding to plasma protein. 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic
      acid was also quantitated in uremic serum by high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Serum level of the acid in uremic patients showed significant but
      weak correlation with serum level of urea and duration on hemodialysis.
      Equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2
      furanpropionic acid and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropionic acid
      inhibited the bindingof salicylate and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin to albumin. In
      conclusion, the furancarboxylic acids especially 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2
      furanpropionic acid were accumulated in uremic serum as inhibitors of drug
      binding.

PMID- 3378356
TI  - In vitro glycation of dried serum.
AB  - In vitro glycation of sera dried on water-resistant medium (Parafilm) and on
      paper were studied by measuring the change of glucose level, fructosamine:total
      protein ratio, glycated protein concentration and alteration of electrophoretic
      mobility of sera before and after drying. The results suggested the instability
      of glucose in dried sera was due to in vitro glycation which was influenced by
      surface properties of media on which the sera were deposited. A new method for
      rapid effective in vitro glycation of sera was also proposed.

PMID- 3378355
TI  - Similarity of the sugar moiety of human alkaline phosphatases between the kidney
      cortex and duodenum, or medulla and ileum.
AB  - Characteristics of human renal cortex and medulla alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were
      compared. Enzymatic and hydrophobic properties of both ALPs were almost similar.
      However, the results of concanavalin A affinity chromatography and wheat germ
      agglutinin affinity electrophoresis, exhibited that sugar chain structure(s)
      might be different between the cortex and medulla ALPs. In addition, the
      molecular mass and substrate specificity differed from each other, and these
      results of cortex and medulla ALPs were well accordant with those of human
      duodenal and ileal ALPs, respectively, as described previously (Clin Chim Acta
      1987;163:279-287).

PMID- 3378357
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme pattern in human amniotic fluid is dependent on
      the level of total activity. Implications in cystic fibrosis diagnosis.
AB  - Alkaline phosphatase activities have been examined in 500 consecutive human
      amniotic fluids obtained at diagnostic paracentesis between 14 and 38 wk of
      gestation. They were found to have a non-Gaussian, positively skewed
      distribution, independent of the protein concentrations. Residual activities
      after heat treatment or in presence of phenylalanine and levamisole allow
      evaluation of the placental, hepatic and intestinal isoenzyme components. It is
      shown that the contribution of the intestinal isoenzyme to the total activity is
      a linear function of the latter. This fact should be taken into account in the
      enzymatic diagnosis of cystic fibrosis as it is apparent that the part
      contributed by the intestinal isoenzyme is predictably smaller when the level of
      total activity is low.

PMID- 3378358
TI  - Enzyme pattern and lipid peroxides in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with
      cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.
AB  - Methods have been developed for measuring several biochemical parameters
      (isoenzymes of LDH and ASAT, glycogen phosphorylase, lipid peroxides) in
      extremely small tissue samples (0.2-1.8 mg) taken using a left ventricular biopsy
      technique. Endomyocardial biopsies from patients with dilative and hypertrophic
      cardiomyopathy (CMP) and with myocarditis were investigated and compared with a
      reference group without actual functional and morphological evidence of chronic
      heart disease. Patients with myocarditis showed the highest activities of LDH and
      its isoenzymes, ASAT, ASATm and glycogen phosphorylase and the highest
      concentration of lipid peroxides. In patients with hypertrophic CMP increased
      activities of glycogen phosphorylase and decreased activities of ASAT and ASATm
      have been found. In patients with dilative CMP slightly elevated ASAT and ASATm
      activities have been observed. The results obtained in this study suggest that
      the parameters investigated could be useful in differentiating between
      cardiomyopathies and myocarditis.

PMID- 3378359
TI  - Comparison of separation techniques in radioimmunoassays for 17
      hydroxyprogesterone.
AB  - Separation techniques have been studied in the development of a direct
      radioimmunoassay to determine levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in serum. The same
      highly specific sheep antiserum was used throughout, together with the same
      amount of 125I-labelled 17-hydroxyprogesterone to which was added sodium
      salicylate to eliminate interference by endogenous binding proteins in serum
      samples. In one approach, dextran-coated charcoal was employed to adsorb the free
      fraction and, in another, the antibodies were covalently coupled to magnetisable
      particles. The antiserum was also adsorbed to assay tubes either directly or
      indirectly through second (double) antibodies. Analytical recovery and
      specificity were similar irrespective of the separation technique as was the
      correlation with results obtained by a reference assay. Levels of 17
      hydroxyprogesterone in sera from normal adults and from treated and untreated
      patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
      were also similar. However, the assay employing dextran-coated charcoal for
      separation showed the best precision and resulted in the greatest sensitivity,
      while the use of antibodies adsorbed indirectly to assay tubes was superior in
      terms of practicability.

PMID- 3378360
TI  - Pterins as biochemical tests for diagnosis and management of patients with
      malignant lymphoma and leukemia.

PMID- 3378361
TI  - The relationship between serum fructosamine and albumin.

PMID- 3378362
TI  - Determination of zinc in blood serum by electrothermal atomic absorption
      spectrometry with matrix modification.
AB  - Zinc determination in serum microsamples can be treated by graphite furnace
      atomic absorption spectrometry. To reduce the contamination risks and to obtain
      results as right as possible, the serum has been twenty fold diluted instead of
      100-fold diluted (rate frequently obtained). In these conditions, the use as
      diluent of a 1% Triton X 100 solution or of a 33.7 mmol/l magnesium nitrate did
      not allow to obtain exact results. Yet, with an 37.8 mmol/l ammonium phosphate
      solution, the results given by the direct calibration on an aqueous calibration
      curve were in good accordance with those found with a recommended flame atomic
      absorption spectrometry method. The within-run RSD of our method was 2.6%.

PMID- 3378363
TI  - Isolated "clinical anophthalmia" in an extensively affected Arab kindred.
AB  - A highly inbred kinship is described, in which 19 individuals were afflicted with
      bilateral profound microphthalmia without associated anomalies and with normal
      intelligence. Autosomal recessive inheritance is demonstrated. This kindred is
      instructive for genetic counseling since the affected individuals always have
      bilateral microphthalmia in the absence of other affected organ systems.

PMID- 3378364
TI  - Niemann-Pick disease group C: clinical variability and diagnosis based on
      defective cholesterol esterification. A collaborative study on 70 patients.
AB  - Seventy patients were selected to cover the range of variability in clinical
      expression of Niemann-Pick disease group C (NP-C). Their individual main clinical
      features and course of the disease (age at discovery and type of visceromegaly,
      age at onset and first neurological manifestation, later neurological symptoms)
      are schematically described. In cultured skin fibroblasts from these patients,
      sphingomyelinase activities measured in vitro showed decreased values only in
      approximately half of the cases, and when the metabolic fate of [14C]
      sphingomyelin was studied in living cell cultures, still 20% of the cases had a
      normal hydrolysis rate. Esterification of exogenous cholesterol was investigated
      in cell lines from these and 5 additional patients and in 21 of their parents.
      Using a non-lipoprotein [3H]cholesterol source, very low esterification rates
      were obtained in more than 90% of the cases. All the numerous other pathological
      conditions studied, including Niemann-Pick disease types A and B, gave normal
      results. A more sensitive method was elaborated, in which the cells were
      challenged with pure human low density lipoproteins (LDL) and the early rate of
      esterification studied. With the latter procedure, a pronounced deficiency could
      also be demonstrated in the few cases which had shown a milder impairment using a
      [3H]cholesterol source, and intermediate rates of esterification were obtained in
      heterozygotes. Discrimination of these difficult cases and of heterozygotes could
      also be achieved replacing LDL with total unfrozen human serum. Correlations were
      established between given clinical phenotypes and the severity of the biochemical
      lesion. Defective intracellular cholesterol esterification is further established
      as an intrinsic feature of NP-C, and demonstration of this metabolic alteration
      appears as a major advance in diagnosing the condition.

PMID- 3378365
TI  - Counseling needs and attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis and abortion in fragile
      X families.
AB  - The genetic counseling need of 32 women of normal intelligence at-risk for having
      children with the fragile-X syndrome (FXS) were determined by a questionnaire
      study which included assessment of their attitudes toward prenatal diagnosis and
      the option of pregnancy termination. Eighteen (56%) of the women had one or more
      children with the FXS and 14 (44%) had no affected children. Twenty-six (81%) of
      the subjects stated that they would choose to have prenatal diagnosis and 9 (28%)
      indicated they would terminate an affected pregnancy. There was no significant
      difference between women who had affected children and those who did not have
      affected children, nor between Catholics and non-Catholics regarding acceptance
      of prenatal diagnosis. Catholic women were less likely to consider pregnancy
      termination than non-Catholics, but the majority of subjects (56%) were unsure
      what they would do if a fetus they were carrying was found to be affected. Issues
      the subjects considered most important for discussion with a genetic counselor
      included: 1) availability of treatment, 2) risk for having an affected grand
      child, 3) expectations for future functioning of affected children, and 4)
      availability of prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 3378366
TI  - Partial 6p trisomy associated with infantile autism.
AB  - Partial trisomy 6p with duplications ranging from 6p21 to 6p25-pter is emerging
      as an established syndrome. We report a case of duplication of 6p (6p23-pter) and
      deletion of 2q37-qter. Features characteristic of 6p partial trisomy present in
      the patient are low birthweight, and mental and developmental retardation. Major
      facial features include prominent forehead, flat occiput, multiple ocular
      abnormalities, low-set ears, prominent nasal bridge, long philtrum and small
      pointed mouth. Repeated examinations of the patient from birth to the age of over
      5 years revealed that he has infantile autism. Since autistic children are
      generally not associated with chromosome anomalies, in view of the present case,
      it is suggested that karyotypic analysis be considered for such children. Where
      possible, extended study for autism in 6p trisomic children may also be
      desirable.

PMID- 3378367
TI  - 16q21 is critical for 16q deletion syndrome.
AB  - A 1-year-old girl with an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16
      is reported. She was characterized by a distinct craniofacial dysmorphism,
      meningoencephalocele, mild hydrocephalus, short neck, broad great toes and
      abnormally positioned toes. High resolution GTG and RBG banding analyses revealed
      a karyotype: 46,XX,del(16) (q13q22) de novo. An analysis of the smallest region
      of overlap revealed that the critical band region for 16q deletion syndrome is
      16q21.

PMID- 3378368
TI  - X-linked recessive aqueductal stenosis without macrocephaly.
AB  - A normocephalic, severely retarded boy with a family history suggesting
      aqueductal stenosis was found by computerized tomography to have aqueductal
      stenosis. His parents' concurrent pregnancy was monitored by ultrasonography and
      amniocentesis; these disclosed a male fetus which developed marked hydrocephalus
      after the 20th week. The pregnancy was terminated and an autopsy of the fetus
      demonstrated several major CNS malformations in addition to a very narrowed
      aqueduct. This case illustrates the diffuse CNS disease present in at least some
      cases of X-linked aqueductal stenosis (XLAS) and the importance of considering
      this variable syndrome in normocephalic, non-dysmorphic mentally retarded males.
      Important aspects of the prenatal diagnosis of XLAS are also illustrated.

PMID- 3378369
TI  - Mixed hearing loss in Larsen syndrome.
AB  - A mixed bilateral hearing loss is described in a child with classical Larsen
      syndrome. The presence of a residual conductive loss after successful placement
      of ventilating tubes suggests that the conductive loss is due to an ossicular
      abnormality. In Larsen syndrome, characterized by multiple joint dislocations and
      bony malformations, the ossicular joints may also be affected.

PMID- 3378370
TI  - Pigmentation disorders.

PMID- 3378371
TI  - The relationship between melanocytic nevi and malignant melanoma.
AB  - In conclusion, although there are data, some quite convincingly implicating
      dysplastic nevi and congenital nevi (particularly "giant") as "precursors" of
      malignant melanomas, our ability to predict the magnitude of these associations
      is lacking. Thus, until additional basic and clinical research data are
      forthcoming, any recommendation to prophylactically remove all congenital nevi or
      all dysplastic nevi in order to decrease the incidence of malignant melanoma is
      premature. In regard to congenital nevi, evidence exists that giant (larger than
      20 cm in diameter) congenital nevi may have a significant risk factor so as to
      warrant, when feasible, prophylactic excision of such lesions. In our opinion, no
      uniform recommendation can be made at this time for the management of small and
      medium-sized congenital nevi. Patients with familial dysplastic nevus syndrome
      should be followed carefully and educated concerning the early detection of
      malignant melanoma. Patients with sporadic dysplastic nevus syndrome deserve
      further study to enable us to accurately determine their risk of developing
      malignant melanoma.

PMID- 3378372
TI  - Pigmentary disorders in blacks.
AB  - An awareness of pigmentary nuances and an understanding of the psychosocial
      impact of pigmentary disturbances in blacks is essential in rendering optimal
      dermatologic care to black patients.

PMID- 3378373
TI  - Mucosal melanosis.
AB  - The labial melanotic macule has an increased number of dendritic melanocytes
      along the basal layer. Numerous counterparts of the labial melanotic macule occur
      on the other mucosal and cutaneous surfaces. Most melanoacanthomas of the lip
      show a similar number of melanocytes along the junctional zone. Melanoacanthoma
      of the lip differs histologically from the labial melanotic macule by the
      presence of intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes. It also has histologic
      counterparts that occur on other oral mucosal surfaces. Primary acquired
      melanosis of the conjunctiva is biologically different from the other mucosal
      melanoses because it frequently progresses to malignant melanoma. All mucosal
      melanoses must be taken seriously by the physician, because it is usually not
      possible to exclude malignant melanoma on clinical inspection alone. A biopsy is
      always indicated. The labial melanotic macule and melanoacanthoma demonstrate
      histologic features strikingly different from those of melanoma. Although
      intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes are seen in melanoacanthoma, they are
      mostly present in the lower portions of the epithelium, and there is no full
      thickness haphazard dispersion of atypical single and nested melanocytes. Along
      the basal layer in melanotic macules and melanoacanthomas of the lip, melanocytes
      are arranged as solitary units without a tendency to form abnormal nests or
      become confluent, in contrast to the picture in melanoma. Melanocytes in this
      zone show no pleomorphism, in contradistinction to the often bizarre, atypical
      melanocytes seen in melanoma.

PMID- 3378374
TI  - Circumscribed dermal melanoses. Classification and histologic features.
AB  - Dermal melanosis is caused by deposition of melanin in melanophages or by free
      melanin in the dermis or in dermal melanocytes. Circumscribed dermal melanoses
      can be congenital or acquired and at times are nevoid in distribution. Bilateral
      nevus of Ota-like lesions and blue macules recently have been described in
      association with progressive systemic sclerosis. Macular amyloidosis and friction
      melanosis are also acquired dermal melanoses. It is important to distinguish
      dermal melanoses caused by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis from those
      produced by the presence of melanin free within the dermis. Clinically, the two
      different processes may have very similar appearances. Treatments for
      circumscribed dermal melanoses include cosmetics, cryotherapy, dermabrasion, or,
      rarely, skin grafts.

PMID- 3378375
TI  - DMSO-induced changes in the procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of B16
      melanoma cells: influence on lung colony formation.
AB  - In this study DMSO (dimethylsulphoxide) was used as a tool to test the
      significance of in vitro modifications of procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity
      of tumor cells for their in vivo metastatic ability. B16 melanoma cells were
      chosen as the experimental model. After four days' treatment DMSO increased both
      the procoagulant and fibrinolytic (plasminogen activator) activity of B16
      melanoma cells in a dose-related manner. DMSO treated cells showed significantly
      greater lung colonizing ability than untreated cells. Our results indicate that
      DMSO treatment in vitro can modulate procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity and
      the metastatic ability of B16 melanoma cells; however a direct causal
      relationship between these in vitro and in vivo effects remains to be
      established.

PMID- 3378376
TI  - Cross linking of anti-B16 melanoma monoclonal antibodies to lymphokine activated
      killer (LAK) cells: possible role in the therapy of B16 melanoma.
AB  - We have cross-linked, using succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1
      carboxylate (SMCC) as a heterobifunctional reagent, anti-B16 melanoma monoclonal
      antibody to lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, independent of the Fc
      receptor. The conditions of such linkage were optimized so that the cytotoxic
      properties of LAK cells, as measured in a 4 h chromium release assay against
      fresh tumor cells, were preserved. Using the techniques described here, covalent
      cross linking of anti-B16 antibody to LAK cells preserved the reactivity of this
      antibody to antigens on B16 melanoma cells, and preserved the cytotoxic
      properties of the antibody-bound LAK cells to lyse B16 tumor cells and other
      tumor cells in vitro. Cross-linking antibody remained active on the surface of
      LAK cells for as long as 24 h after the completion of binding. Treatment of
      established B16 melanoma pulmonary or subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors with LAK cells
      cross-linked to anti-B16 melanoma monoclonal antibody did not significantly alter
      their therapeutic efficacy over untreated cells. The possible explanations for
      these in vivo observations and suggested approaches to increase the efficacy of
      the cross-linked LAK cells are discussed.

PMID- 3378378
TI  - Reflections of a neurosurgeon.

PMID- 3378377
TI  - Development of skeletal metastasis by human prostate cancer in athymic nude mice.
AB  - The biology of skeletal metastasis is poorly understood. In order to establish an
      animal model of bone metastasis, cells from a human prostate cancer cell line (PC
      3) were injected into the tail veins of athymic nude mice while the inferior vena
      cava was occluded. This technique was used in order to divert cells into the
      vertebral venous plexus. A control group of animals received tumor cells without
      caval occlusion. Bone lesions developed in 3/16 (19 per cent) experimental mice
      and in none of the control mice. The incidence of lung metastasis was
      significantly decreased in the experimental mice (5/16) as compared with non
      occluded control mice (14/16). Two tumor sublines were established from explant
      cultures of bone lesions. Injection of these cells resulted in bone metastasis in
      19/36 (53 per cent) mice (P = 0.03 compared with the parent line). The incidence
      of lung lesions was also increased. The predominant site of bone metastasis was
      the lumbar vertebrae; other affected sites were the pelvis and femurs. All bone
      lesions resulted in extensive bone destruction. The successful development of
      bone metastasis using the technique of caval occlusion lends support to the
      hypothesis that entry of cells into the vertebral circulation is an important
      step in the development of these lesions. This model should be of value in
      understanding the pathogenesis of bone metastasis, and in studying the effects of
      various agents on the prevention and control of these lesions.

PMID- 3378380
TI  - Infectious complications of pregnancy.

PMID- 3378379
TI  - Pharmacological therapy of acute spinal cord injury: studies of high dose
      methylprednisolone and naloxone.

PMID- 3378381
TI  - Alcohol antagonism of hypercortisolism induced by naloxone.
AB  - The reversal of acute alcohol intoxication by naloxone is controversial. Naloxone
      increases cortisol secretion but there are no reports of this effect during acute
      alcohol intoxication. This study examines the effect of 20 mg naloxone on alcohol
      induced intoxication using a balanced placebo design to investigate the role of
      cortisol, participant expectancy of treatment, and possible pharmacokinetic
      interactions during intoxication. Our results show differences in the time course
      of subjective self-evaluation of drunkenness in the presence of naloxone. Also,
      changes are observed in naloxone pharmacokinetic parameters with the ingestion of
      alcohol, specifically a decrease in plasma clearance. Whereas the cortisol
      response induced by naloxone was greater in the subgroup of participants with
      positive expectancy, in the presence of alcohol the naloxone effect on cortisol
      response was not observed. These observations may help explain the observed
      reversal of alcohol-induced coma by naloxone in a subgroup of patients.

PMID- 3378382
TI  - Induction of migrainelike headaches by the serotonin agonist m
      chlorophenylpiperazine.
AB  - In a study of serotonin (5-HT) function in patients with eating disorders and
      healthy control subjects, severe headaches with features of common migraine
      occurred unexpectedly in 28 of 52 subjects (54%) 8 to 12 hours after receiving a
      single oral dose of the 5-HT receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP),
      0.5 mg/kg. None of the same subjects developed similar late-occurring headaches
      after placebo or the 5-HT precursor, L-tryptophan, 100 mg/kg given intravenously.
      The frequency of these migrainelike headaches was not significantly different
      between patients with bulimia or anorexia nervosa and control subjects, but
      incidence of headaches was significantly greater in subjects with a personal or
      family history of migraine, with almost all predisposed individuals (18 of 20,
      90%) developing severe symptoms. Headache ratings were also significantly
      correlated (rho = 0.70; p less than 0.0001) with peak concentrations of m-CPP in
      plasma. These observations indicate that m-CPP may provide a novel probe for
      studies of the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.

PMID- 3378383
TI  - The use of serum methadone levels in patients receiving methadone maintenance.
AB  - Trough serum methadone concentration was measured in 43 patients under treatment
      for heroin addiction and complaining of withdrawal symptoms. Low serum levels
      were noted only in patients taking very low doses and in 10 patients who were
      concomitantly using enzyme-inducing drugs. The 27 patients in the maintenance
      program who had trough levels greater than 100 ng/ml were given no dose increase
      and were followed up prospectively. Alternate explanations for the patient's
      symptoms were well accepted in almost all cases, and subsequent performance in
      the treatment program appeared to be independent of serum level. We conclude that
      a trough serum level of 100 ng/ml is adequate for effective methadone
      maintenance. Measurement of serum levels can be a valuable intervention in
      patients with difficulties.

PMID- 3378384
TI  - Cyclosporine metabolism in human liver: identification of a cytochrome P-450III
      gene family as the major cyclosporine-metabolizing enzyme explains interactions
      of cyclosporine with other drugs.
AB  - The rate of formation of the three initial metabolites of cyclosporine metabolism
      has been determined in liver microsomes of 15 kidney transplant donors.
      Interindividual variation in metabolite formation was considerable but all three
      metabolites varied in parallel. An antiserum raised against a steroid-inducible
      rat cytochrome P-450 (P-450 PCN) strongly inhibited the formation of these
      metabolites. Immunoquantitation of the protein recognized by a monoclonal
      antibody reacting with human cytochromes P-450 of the P-450III gene family,
      homologues of rat P-450 PCN and rabbit P-4503C, revealed a high degree of
      correlation with microsomal cyclosporine metabolism. The data suggest that this
      cytochrome P-450 is the major cyclosporine-metabolizing enzyme in human liver.
      The substrate specificity and the known inducers and inhibitors of this
      cytochrome P-450 explain several clinically observed drug interactions with
      cyclosporine.

PMID- 3378385
TI  - Plasma concentrations of quinidine, its major metabolites, and dihydroquinidine
      in patients with torsades de pointes.
AB  - We examined the hypothesis that excess accumulation of major quinidine
      metabolites or the commercial impurity dihydroquinidine contributes to the
      development of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes, [TdP])
      in patients taking quinidine. Total and free plasma concentrations of these
      compounds were measured by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection and
      equilibrium dialysis in 19 patients with TdP and 38 control patients tolerating
      quinidine therapy without toxicity. No significant differences were found between
      the two groups of patients. Ratios of metabolite or dihydroquinidine to quinidine
      varied up to tenfold among patients but were similarly distributed in the TdP and
      control groups. Only the metabolite 3-hydroxyquinidine was present at free plasma
      concentrations that exceeded free concentrations of quinidine. We conclude that
      although quinidine metabolism is highly variable, there does not appear to be any
      correlation between the plasma concentrations of quinidine, its metabolites or
      dihydroquinidine, and the subsequent development of TdP.

PMID- 3378386
TI  - Effect of intermittent weekend therapy with omeprazole on basal and postprandial
      serum gastrin concentrations in patients with duodenal ulcer.
AB  - We have studied the effect on serum gastrin concentrations of weekly 3-day
      courses of 20 mg/day omeprazole followed by a 4-day period without medication
      (weekend therapy) for 4 weeks in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer. Basal and
      postprandial serum gastrin concentrations were measured in week 1, before (day 1)
      and immediately after the 3-day omeprazole course (day 4), and further on day 6
      and day 8, immediately before the next course, and at similar intervals in week 4
      (days 22, 25, 27, and 29). Basal serum gastrin concentrations were not
      significantly different from day 1, but postprandial peak gastrin concentrations
      on days 6, 8, 22, 25, 27, and 29 and integrated postprandial gastrin secretion on
      days 25 and 27 were significantly increased (p less than 0.01 to p less than
      0.05). However, the increases in serum gastrin concentration were modest and
      clinically irrelevant. It is concluded that this intermittent weekend schedule of
      omeprazole therapy does not induce marked hypergastrinemia and may therefore be
      suitable for long-term therapy with this drug.

PMID- 3378387
TI  - Effects of nadolol on blood pressure, sleep efficiency, and sleep stages.
AB  - The effects of nadolol (20 and 80 mg) on blood pressure and sleep parameters were
      assessed in six patients with mild hypertension. A 32-night experimental protocol
      in the sleep laboratory was instituted consisting of four placebo-baseline nights
      followed by 4 weeks of drug administration. Both doses of nadolol had a clear-cut
      and consistent lowering effect on blood pressure throughout the night and during
      the day, with a greater reduction noted with the 80 mg dose. In fact, blood
      pressure values were reduced to normotensive levels. Neither dose had a
      disrupting effect on sleep, whereas the 80 mg dose improved sleep efficiency and
      also had a rapid eye movement-enhancing effect. This absence of sleep-disrupting
      effects is attributed to nadolol's low level of lipophilicity and lack of
      intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The clinical significance of the lack of
      sleep disruption and possible improvement of sleep with nadolol is discussed in
      light of the well-recognized sleep disturbances produced by other beta-blockers.

PMID- 3378388
TI  - Effect of cimetidine or ranitidine administration on nifedipine pharmacokinetics
      and pharmacodynamics.
AB  - The effect of cimetidine or ranitidine administration on responses to single and
      multiple doses of nifedipine were studied in 11 subjects who received cimetidine
      (300 mg q.i.d.) and 12 who received ranitidine (150 mg b.i.d.) in combination
      with nifedipine. After single doses of nifedipine, cimetidine decreased apparent
      oral clearance (dose/AUC) from 66 +/- 32 L/hr to 33 +/- 14 L/hr (p less than
      0.01); elimination half-life increased from 4.0 +/- 2.2 to 4.9 +/- 2.9 hours (p
      less than 0.07). Increases in heart rate were greater (26 +/- 13 vs 13 +/- 11
      beats/min standing; 19 +/- 11 vs 9 +/- 9 beats/min supine) and lasted longer than
      after nifedipine alone. Hypotensive effects were similar (10 +/- 7 mm Hg decrease
      vs 9 +/- 9 mm Hg). During nifedipine multiple-dose administration, cimetidine
      decreased the apparent oral clearance from 76 +/- 39 to 43 +/- 20 L/hr (p less
      than 0.01). Blood pressure responses were not altered by cimetidine but heart
      rate increased more (18 +/- 9 vs 9 +/- 9 beats/min supine; 18 +/- 13 vs 13 +/- 14
      beats/min standing). Ranitidine coadministration did not alter nifedipine
      elimination or dynamic responses. During administration of nifedipine alone, the
      ratio of oral clearances (multiple to single doses) was 1.1 +/- 0.5. Thus (1)
      cimetidine but not ranitidine alters responses to nifedipine and (2) nifedipine
      kinetics do not differ between single- vs multiple-dose conditions.

PMID- 3378390
TI  - Criteria for certification in clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 3378389
TI  - Renal clearances of oxypurinol and inulin on an isocaloric, low-protein diet.
AB  - In previous studies a low-calorie, low-protein diet caused a sustained reduction
      in both oxypurinol and uric acid renal clearances (CLR). With the hypothesis that
      the decrease in CLR was due to the low-protein and not the low-caloric content of
      the diet, we studied the CLR of oxypurinol, uric acid, creatinine, and inulin in
      normal subjects during isocaloric (2600 calories per 70 kg per day), normal
      protein (150 gm per day), and low-protein (19 gm per day) diets. There were three
      major findings: (1) the CLR of oxypurinol declined from 26.6 +/- 1.8 ml/min on
      the normal-protein diet to 13.5 +/- 1.4 ml/min on the isocaloric low-protein diet
      (p less than 0.05); (2) the CLR of inulin and creatinine fell 14% and 20%,
      respectively, on the low-protein diet compared with the normal-protein diet (both
      p less than 0.05); and (3) there was a diurnal variation in the CLR of
      oxypurinol. We conclude that the decreased CLR of oxypurinol was the result of
      the reduced protein content of the diet and the CLR of both inulin and creatinine
      were decreased on the low-protein diet.

PMID- 3378391
TI  - Collagen organisation in the cervix and its relation to mechanical function.
AB  - The organisation of collagen fibrils within the cervices from non-pregnant humans
      and rats and day 22 pregnant rats was measured using X-ray diffraction. This
      technique yields the direction of preferred orientation of the collagen fibrils
      and an orientation distribution function. In the human cervix there are three
      distinct zones which blend smoothly into each other on passing radially outward
      from the canal. Adjacent to the canal and in the outermost zone the fibrils are
      oriented predominantly longitudinally, that is parallel to the canal. In the
      middle zone the fibrils have a preferred orientation in a circumferential
      direction. A similar structure is seen in the non-pregnant rat cervix. The
      collagen fibrils in the day 22 pregnant rat showed no preferred orientation and
      are therefore randomly oriented within the tissue. The directions in which the
      collagen fibrils are oriented determine the directions in which the tissue can
      best withstand tensile stress.

PMID- 3378392
TI  - Interaction of type I collagen with phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - Type I collagen interacts with phosphatidylcholine vesicles. This conclusion has
      been obtained after ultracentrifugation, fluorescence polarization, circular
      dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry studies. The protein conformation
      is not modified by the presence of phospholipids. Collagen modifies both the
      enthalpy change and cooperativity of the phosphatidylcholine phase transition.
      All these effects exhibit a saturating behavior. The obtained results are
      interpreted in terms of a peripheral interaction between collagen and the
      phospholipid vesicles.

PMID- 3378394
TI  - Equity of access? Small area variations in surgery.

PMID- 3378393
TI  - Type IV collagen and laminin in slow and fast skeletal muscle in rats--effects of
      age and life-time endurance training.
AB  - The changes in the biochemical composition of basement membrane (BM) in slow
      twitch (m. soleus, MS) and fast-twitch (m. rectus femoris, MRF) skeletal muscles
      of rats were studied during aging and life-time endurance training (treadmill
      running). The concentrations of the 7S domain of type IV collagen and of the P2
      fragment of laminin were determined with radioimmunoassays in the muscles of rats
      aged 1, 2, 4, 10, and 24 months. The concentration of type IV collagen was higher
      in MS than in MRF and increased significantly with age. At older ages, the
      concentration tended to be higher in the MS of trained than untrained rats. The
      concentration of laminin was significantly higher in MRF than in MS, especially
      in old age. Consequently, the ratio of type IV collagen to laminin was
      significantly higher in MS than in MRF, the difference increasing with advancing
      age. The results show that the BMs in slow muscle are much more collagenous than
      those in fast muscle which contains, on the contrary, a higher concentration of
      laminin. This difference seems only partly to be explained by the higher
      capillarization of slow twitch muscle fibers. Aging and training seem further to
      distinguish the composition of the BM in slow and fast muscle.

PMID- 3378395
TI  - Chiropody services: need, associated disabilities and utilisation.

PMID- 3378396
TI  - The views of doctors on management and administration.

PMID- 3378397
TI  - An Anglo-Dutch comparison of health care delivery--the return of the prodigal
      son.

PMID- 3378398
TI  - The role of information flow between health professionals and the Child Health
      Computer System in the uptake of measles immunisation.

PMID- 3378399
TI  - Health promotion and public health: a model in action.

PMID- 3378400
TI  - Social class differences in sexual behaviour and cervical cancer.

PMID- 3378401
TI  - Waiting times in trauma and orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 3378403
TI  - Communication, conferences and community medicine.

PMID- 3378402
TI  - Analysis of leukaemia registration.

PMID- 3378404
TI  - Solvent misuse in secondary school children--a prevalence study.

PMID- 3378405
TI  - A comparison of dogfish and porcine pancreatic lipases.
AB  - 1. A 16-fold purification of lipase activity from the pancreas of the dogfish
      (Squalus acanthias) was obtained by preparative isoelectric focussing. 2. The
      dogfish enzyme has a higher pH optimum (8.5) and a broader spectrum of activity
      above and below its optimum than a commercial porcine lipase preparation
      (optimum, 7.5). 3. The temperature optimum of dogfish lipase was 35 degrees C and
      it displayed greater stability than the porcine lipase preparation towards higher
      temperatures in the absence of substrate. 4. Dogfish lipase was active against a
      broad range of triacylglycerols and a wax ester. It had greater relative activity
      against the latter than the porcine lipase but hydrolyzed low mol. wt fatty acids
      less readily. In general, the effect of temperature was less on the dogfish
      enzyme than the porcine one.

PMID- 3378406
TI  - 13C-NMR analysis of alanine metabolism by isolated perfused livers from C3HeB/FeJ
      mice infected with African trypanosomes.
AB  - 1. Isolated perfused livers from mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei
      rhodesiense formed substantially more [3-13C]-lactate from [3-13C]-alanine than
      livers from uninfected mice. Quantities formed by infected livers increased as
      infection progressed. 2. Infected livers produced more 13C-labeled glutamate and
      glutamine, with label scrambled between C-2 and C-3. Scrambling also produced
      [2,3-13C]-aspartate, [2-13C]-alanine and [2-13C]-lactate. Delayed appearance of
      label in C-4 of glutamate/glutamine in infected livers reflects significant
      endogenous stores of unlabeled acetyl CoA. 3. Although differences do exist in
      catabolism of [3-13C]-alanine by perfused livers from infected and control mice,
      trypanosomiasis does not cause permanent breakdown or blockage of hepatic alanine
      metabolism.

PMID- 3378407
TI  - Some more speract derivatives associated with eggs of sea urchins,
      Pseudocentrotus depressus, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Hemicentrotus
      pulcherrimus and Anthocidaris crassispina.
AB  - 1. Fourteen peptides were isolated from the egg jelly of sea urchins,
      Pseudocentrotus depressus, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Hemicentrotus
      pulcherrimus and Anthocidaris crassispina and their amino acid sequences were
      determined. 2. The peptides stimulated H. pulcherrimus sperm respiration one half
      maximally at about 8-60 pM. 3. Addition of speract to intact spermatozoa of P.
      depressus, H. pulcherrimus and A. crassispina resulted in the appearance of a
      newly stained protein (Mr 128,000 for P. depressus, Mr 128,000 for H.
      pulcherrimus and Mr 131,000 for A. crassispina) on sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 3378408
TI  - Age- and sex-related differences in lipid peroxidation of mouse cardiac and
      skeletal muscles.
AB  - 1. The purpose of the present study was to characterize age- and sex-related
      changes in lipid peroxidation capacities and enzymatic antioxidants of cardiac
      and skeletal muscles in NMRI-mice (Mus musculus). 2. Lipid peroxidation rates
      (unstimulated and enzymatic/iron-stimulated) strongly decreased in skeletal
      muscle during ageing. 3. Unstimulated lipid peroxidation rate but not that of
      stimulated, also decreased in cardiac muscle. 4. The total level of
      Fe2+/ascorbate-stimulated non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation was not, however,
      affected by ageing. 5. The activity of catalase slightly increased in cardiac
      muscle and that of glutathione peroxidase in skeletal muscle during ageing. 6.
      Unstimulated lipid peroxidation rate was significantly higher in the skeletal
      muscle of male than female mice. 7. Correspondingly, the Fe2+/ascorbate
      stimulated lipid peroxidation capacities of microsomal and mitochondrial
      fractions of skeletal muscle were significantly higher in male mice. 8. The
      activity of glutathione peroxidase as well as the concentration of lipofuscin
      were higher in the cardiac muscles of female than male mice.

PMID- 3378409
TI  - Comparison of alkaline phosphatase activity in normal, lactating and neoplastic
      rat mammary tissue.
AB  - 1. Alkaline phosphatase activity in NMU-induced rat mammary tumours was compared
      with activity in normal and lactating mammary gland. 2. Both tumour and normal
      mammary alkaline phosphatase were sensitive to heat inactivation and inhibition
      by phenylalanine. 3. Specific activity of enzyme in tumours was comparable to
      normal mammary tissue. 4. Mammary gland alkaline phosphatase increased markedly
      in late pregnancy and early lactation. 5. Bromocryptine treatment had no effect
      on enzyme activity in lactating mammary gland.

PMID- 3378410
TI  - Changes in fatty acid compositions of mitochondria during embryonic development.
AB  - 1. A general trend among biomembranes of hepatocytes in the developing avian
      embryo is to display increasing percentages of unsaturated fatty acids,
      especially oleic acid (C18:1). 2. However, once increasing amounts of thyroxine
      appear in the plasma, mitochondria begin to exhibit increasing percentages of
      saturated fatty acids, primarily stearic acid (C18:0). 3. Increasing saturation
      of mitochondrial membrane lipids can be inhibited by exposure of embryonated eggs
      to 500 R of X-irradiation. 4. Injection of embryonated eggs with estrone
      increases the proportion of oleic acid (C18:1) in mitochondrial membranes but a
      balancing increase in palmitic acid (C16:0) enables their lipids to remain more
      saturated than unsaturated.

PMID- 3378411
TI  - The impact of diagnostic hierarchies on prevalence estimates for psychiatric
      disorders.
AB  - This article presents an algebraic treatment of the impact of diagnostic
      hierarchies on the estimation of prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders. A
      method for correcting for this "hierarchy effect" is developed and illustrated.
      Using the terminology of Boyd et al., when the dominant disorder is common and/or
      the odds ratio for the dominant and the excluded disorders is high, the observed
      prevalence of an excluded disorder can substantially underestimate its true
      prevalence. This "hierarchy effect" can be particularly important in genetic
      epidemiologic investigations which compare the prevalence of an excluded disorder
      in two populations which differ in the prevalence of the dominant disorder. The
      impact of certain kinds of diagnostic hierarchies can be easily understood and
      corrected for; with others, particularly those based on etiologic assumptions, a
      straight-forward interpretation is not always possible.

PMID- 3378413
TI  - Perspectivism and the methods of psychiatry.
AB  - In their book, The Perspectives of Psychiatry, Paul R. McHugh and Phillip R.
      Slavney propose four basic perspectives to undergird and inform the practice of
      psychiatry. These are the perspectives of diseases, dimensions, behaviors, and
      life stories. The authors redescribe these four perspectives in terms of their
      underlying "logics": law-governed causality, comparative and quantitative
      concepts, teleology, and narrative, respectively. After explicating the general
      nature of a psychiatric perspective, the authors show how such a perspectivism
      can resolve disputes concerning the different methods of psychiatry and how it
      can avoid the shortsightedness of sectarianism.

PMID- 3378412
TI  - Is bipolar II a unique disorder?
AB  - The authors investigated differences between 27 outpatients who met RCD
      "definite" criteria for bipolar II disorder and 188 unipolar patients on several
      dimensions: clinical characteristics, response to acute treatment, personality
      profiles after recovery, and family history. The bipolar II group was found to
      have a higher morbid risk for depression among fathers, a greater incidence of
      past suicidal attempts, and a greater frequency of psychomotor retardation. A
      high degree of selectivity for protocol inclusion may account for the similarity
      seen between the bipolar II group and the unipolars on the other variables
      examined. The present findings suggest these two groups can be successfully
      combined in the treatment of recurrent depressive episodes.

PMID- 3378414
TI  - Sexual dysfunction and dual psychiatric diagnoses.
AB  - Controversy continues to exist about whether a sexual dysfunction is a discrete
      problem or it is symptomatic of more elaborate psychiatric disorder. To date no
      study of this question has been reported on patients evaluated using DSM-III
      criteria. To meet such a need, 592 patients with various sex-related complaints
      and their partners were evaluated at the Sexual Behaviors Consultation Unit of
      the Johns Hopkins Hospital over a 2-year period. Two hundred and eighty-eight
      patients (males = 223; females = 65) fulfilled DSM-III criteria for psychosexual
      dysfunction. Of these 30.5% (N = 68) of the males and 30.8% (N = 20) of the
      females were assigned concurrent Axis I/II diagnoses. Patients who had dual
      diagnoses reported more (P = .026) problems with alcohol. Despite equivalent
      psychosocial stressors on Axis IV they were rated less (P less than .01) adjusted
      on Axis V. Dual diagnostic profiles were described for each of the psychosexual
      dysfunctions. Results support the hypothesis that while the majority of patients
      with sexual dysfunction have a discrete disorder, there is another group whose
      sexual dysfunction is but one of several conditions which deserve treatment.

PMID- 3378415
TI  - Black-white differences in psychopathology in an urban psychiatric population.
AB  - The study was conducted in a psychiatric setting that services a large
      metropolitan population. It relied on the semi-structured Initial Evaluation Form
      which is completed by expert trained clinicians and which is geared to a
      comprehensive evaluation along the lines stipulated in DSM-III. The symptoms of a
      large sample of white and black patients are compared. The study relied on an
      Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) procedure which controlled for age, gender and
      education and concentrated exclusively on ethnic differences in clinically
      homogenous subgroups. The sample was partitioned into relatively pure groups of
      DSM-III diagnoses that are frequent in the population, including schizophrenia,
      affective and anxiety disorders, dementia, paranoid and manic disorders.
      Prominent black/white differences in psychopathology were noted, but in only a
      few instances included items generally thought of as typical of a specific
      disorder. Some differences appeared to be due to selection factors and others
      raised the question of alternate expressions of psychopathology among blacks as
      versus whites. The significance of the results obtained is discussed together
      with questions requiring further research. Some of the issues involved in the
      study of black/white differences in psychopathology are critically analyzed.

PMID- 3378416
TI  - Age and sex distribution of DSM-III personality cluster traits in a community
      population.
AB  - DSM-III pathological personality cluster traits were measured on a community
      sample of 235 people. Traits in the schizoid cluster (schizoid, schizotypal, and
      paranoid) showed no change with age while traits in the dramatic cluster
      (antisocial, narcissistic, borderline, and histrionic) and to some extent the
      anxious cluster (avoidant, dependent, compulsive, and passive/aggressive) showed
      similar significant associations with age. This pattern was a reverse "J" shaped
      curve, with mean number of traits declining from younger to older groups and a
      slight upturn in the oldest age group (60 years plus). Women aged 31 to 40 years
      had a higher mean number of traits than their male counterparts, with a
      corresponding increase in impairment. The highest levels of personality traits in
      men were found at ages 18 to 30, while in women the 31 to 40 year group was
      highest.

PMID- 3378417
TI  - Factor analysis of the DSM-III personality disorder clusters: a replication.
AB  - The authors describe the replication of Kass et al.'s study where a factor
      analysis of scaled ratings of DSM-III personality disorders yielded groupings
      similar to those described in DSM-III. In this replication the authors used
      scaled ratings from a nationwide sample of psychiatrists on 358 patients. The
      authors conclude that this replication lends additional support for the DSM-III
      (now DSM-III-R) approach towards grouping personality disorders into three (or
      four) clusters.

PMID- 3378418
TI  - Procedural validity of standardized symptom questions for the assessment of
      psychotic symptoms--a comparison of the DIS with two clinical methods.
AB  - The study examines to what degree well-documented present and life-time psychotic
      symptoms in a group of former psychiatric inpatients are ascertained when using
      the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The Inpatient Multidimensional
      Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) and the Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of
      Psychopathology/Diagnostische Sichtlochkartei (AMDP/DiaSika) Interview-Checklist
      approach were used for the "clinical" evaluations of symptoms. The results
      indicate fair concordance between the two clinical approaches and the DIS with
      regard to the presence of any delusional or hallucination symptoms. Low to poor
      agreement was found in the assessment of many of the rather specific
      hallucinations and delusions. Generally, the concordance found was higher when
      compared to the more clinical AMDP/DiaSiKa approach than to the IMPS. More
      detailed comparisons with diagnostic subgroups of schizophrenic and
      schizoaffective patients substantiated the findings in the overall sample.
      Overall it was reconfirmed that the DIS approach is limited to those patients who
      are cooperative and at least partly remitted.

PMID- 3378420
TI  - Catheters ring the changes.

PMID- 3378419
TI  - Validation of a screening questionnaire for alcoholism (MAST) in an Italian
      sample.
AB  - One hundred fifty subjects (75 index cases and 75 controls) completed the Italian
      version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Using Relative
      Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, the 5/6 cut-off point was found to be
      the best as for discriminating between "cases" and "non-cases" in terms of
      balance between sensitivity (96%) and specificity (89%). The positive predictive
      value, the negative predictive value, and the overall misclassification rate were
      90%, 95%, and 7% respectively. Using item by item assessment of discriminating
      capacity, we developed a brief ten item Italian version (2/3 cut-off point). This
      discriminated between alcoholics and non-alcoholics as well as the longer
      version, and is thus superior in situations where a brief evaluation is
      necessary.

PMID- 3378421
TI  - Infant care. Problems that are skin deep.

PMID- 3378422
TI  - Receptionists. A dragon at the gate?

PMID- 3378423
TI  - Infant care. Teething troubles.

PMID- 3378424
TI  - NHS debate. Power in your hands.

PMID- 3378425
TI  - NHS debate. Dear Mrs Thatcher.

PMID- 3378426
TI  - Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoin. Relationship to formaldehyde allergy.
AB  - The relationship between contact allergy to formaldehyde and positive patch test
      reactions to DMDM hydantoin was investigated. 35 formaldehyde-allergic patients
      were patch tested with serial dilutions of formaldehyde (0.1%-0.3%-1.0% aq.) and
      DM hydantoin (the non-formaldehyde-containing parent compound of DMDM hydantoin).
      21 were also patch tested with MDM hydantoin (1 molecule formaldehyde) in serial
      dilutions: 7 (33%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. The other 14 were also
      tested with DMDM hydantoin (2 molecules formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 8
      (57%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. Patients patch-test-positive to
      formaldehyde 0.1% and/or 0.3% tended to show more patch test reactivity to (D)MDM
      hydantoin than those who reacted only to 1%. Aqueous solutions of (D)MDM
      hydantoin in concentrations as used in cosmetic products therefore contain enough
      free formaldehyde to cause dermatitis in a patch test system in some formaldehyde
      allergic patients: 12 such patients applied a cream containing 1% DMDM hydantoin
      to the flexor aspect of the lower arm twice daily for 1 week; 4 (33%) developed
      dermatitis. The use of a cream containing 0.25% DMDM hydantoin in these 4
      patients still caused dermatitis in 1 and provoked itching in another. An
      increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitable
      increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde.

PMID- 3378428
TI  - The incidence of allergy to propolis in 605 consecutive patients patch tested in
      Prague.
AB  - 605 consecutive patients were patch tested with the standard CDRG test series and
      with a 10% alcoholic solution of propolis. Positive allergic reactions to
      propolis were observed in 25 patients (4.2%); thirteen of them exhibited a
      simultaneous positive patch test to balsam of Peru. In view of the relatively
      high incidence of allergic reactions and the appearance of pseudo-cross
      sensitivity to another common allergen, balsam of Peru, propolis should not be
      used in topical medicaments or as a component of cosmetic preparations.

PMID- 3378427
TI  - Contact allergy to diazolidinyl urea (Germall II).
AB  - 4 cases of contact allergy to diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) in a
      "hypoallergenic" brand of cosmetics are described. 2 patients sensitized by these
      cosmetics were not allergic to formaldehyde. 2 other patients already sensitive
      to formaldehyde had exacerbations of dermatitis due to diazolidinyl urea. The
      following tentative conclusions were drawn. (i) Contact allergy to diazolidinyl
      urea may or may not be due to formaldehyde sensitivity. (ii) Patients allergic to
      formaldehyde may suffer contact allergic reactions from the use of cosmetics
      containing diazolidinyl urea. (iii) Patients sensitized to diazolidinyl urea may
      cross-react to imidazolidinyl urea and vice-versa. (iv) It is suggested that the
      sensitizing potential of diazolidinyl urea is greater than that of imidazolidinyl
      urea. (v) Aq. solutions may be preferable to pet. for patch testing with
      diazolidinyl urea.

PMID- 3378429
TI  - Irritant contact dermatitis due to a Chinese herbal medicine lu-shen-wan.
AB  - A Chinese herbal medicine Lu-Shen-Wan, which contains 6 ingredients, is sometimes
      applied topically to treat boils, carbuncles and other skin infections. 2 elderly
      women developed a rash after applying Lu-Shen-Wan. Patch tests showed positive
      reactions to Lu-Shen-Wan and to one of its 6 ingredients, Venenum Bufonis. A
      study in 15 control patients showed that 13 had positive reactions to 50% Lu-Shen
      Wan and 50% Venenum Bufonis but that only 2 showed mild reactions when the
      concentration of the latter was reduced to 5%. The results suggest that Venenum
      Bufonis in Lu-Shen-Wan can cause irritant contact dermatitis. The present paper
      demonstrates that a Western dermatological investigative method, the patch test,
      is applicable to traditional medicine in confirming the cause of contact
      dermatitis from a Chinese herbal preparation and in identifying the causative
      ingredient. Such knowledge is very useful for the improvement of the preparation
      by reducing the concentration of the irritant, by removing it or by substituting
      it with an alternative non-irritant substance.

PMID- 3378430
TI  - Thiomersal allergy and vaccination reactions.
AB  - Thiomersal is the preservative in all toxoid vaccines routinely administered to
      children in the UK, but exposure from other sources is uncommon. Delayed
      hypersensitivity to thiomersal was demonstrated in 1% of individuals attending
      the Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit, and 50 of these patients with positive
      patch tests to thiomersal were studied. Cross-reaction with other mercurials
      occurred in 17 of 29 patients tested (59%). 31 of the patients replied to a
      questionnaire regarding vaccination reactions, and were compared with case
      controls matched for age, sex, and site of dermatitis. 4 patients in each group
      reported reactions to vaccines which contained thiomersal, suggesting that
      thiomersal hypersensitivity was not associated with an increased risk of
      vaccination reactions. However, individual cases of severe reactions to
      thiomersal demonstrate a need for vaccines with an alternative preservative.

PMID- 3378431
TI  - Ring-shaped positive allergic patch test reactions to allergens in liquid
      vehicles.
AB  - In recent years, we have observed several "ring-shaped" positive allergic patch
      test reactions to allergens dissolved in a liquid vehicle, a more intense
      response at the periphery of the site of application than in the central part.
      The occurrence of such reactions was evaluated for formaldehyde, Kathon CG,
      hydrocortisone and hexamidine diisethionate. Possible explanations for such
      reactions include pressure and/or a capillary effect.

PMID- 3378432
TI  - Contact allergy to dexpanthenol in sunscreens.

PMID- 3378434
TI  - Oral hyposensitization in Parthenium dermatitis.

PMID- 3378433
TI  - Oakmoss photosensitivity in a ragweed-allergic patient.

PMID- 3378435
TI  - Contact dermatitis from triclosan (Irgasan DP 300).

PMID- 3378436
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from multiple topical corticosteroids.

PMID- 3378437
TI  - Contact dermatitis from variegated ivy (Hedera helix subsp. canariensis Willd.).

PMID- 3378438
TI  - Snags in gold patch testing.

PMID- 3378439
TI  - Contact allergy to an emulsifier in a cosmetic lotion.

PMID- 3378440
TI  - Patch testing and airport security.

PMID- 3378441
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis from sodium sulfite.

PMID- 3378442
TI  - A case of allergic isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) dermatitis from a watch
      strap.

PMID- 3378443
TI  - Colophony-free wart removers in Sweden.

PMID- 3378444
TI  - Risk factors dynamics in multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - The effectiveness of preventive measures in populations subjected to a different
      degree of preventive activity was according to the dynamics of risk factors (RF)
      tested in the course of four years. Among 6619 examined men aged 40-59 years, a
      high incidence of RF (79.2%), their connection with ischaemic heart disease
      (IHD), and frequent simultaneous incidence of several RF even in subjects without
      IHD were found. The four-year preventive intervention programme was efficient as
      regards a decline in the incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) from 24.8% to
      19.8%, and smoking from 40.1% to 30.6%, simultaneously with a decrease in the
      mean level of these RF; these favourable changes did not occur in the control
      group. Data are analysed concerning the percentage of normalization and the
      incidence of an elevated BP level, cholesterol and body weight. The study proved
      the possibility of preventively influencing the incidence of AH in the
      population, and showed the importance of applying preventive measures in subjects
      with "borderline" values of RF, such as AH and overweight.

PMID- 3378446
TI  - Severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium--the main cause of
      cardiogenic shock? An echocardiographic study of 75 patients with extremely large
      myocardial infarctions.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 75 patients with extensive
      myocardial infarctions to prove why cardiogenic shock develops only in a minority
      of such patients. 23 patients with clinical signs of shock formed group A, and 52
      patients without signs of shock group B. The extent of akinesis and/or dyskinesis
      was the same in both groups. The "Asynergy Index"--involving also hypokinesis-
      was more favourable in group B (126 +/- 28, compared with 158 +/- 23 in group A,
      p less than 0.05). The ejection fraction was significantly higher in group B (33
      +/- 12%, compared with 17 +/- 6% in group A, p less than 0.01). The cause of
      these differences was severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium, which
      was present in all 23 patients with cardiogenic shock and only in 2 patients
      without shock (p less than 0.001). All 23 patients with shock had multi-vessel
      disease, which was present only in 19% of patients without shock (p less than
      0.01). The study shows that in addition to two known conditions necessary for the
      development of cardiogenic shock (multi-vessel disease and infarct size at least
      40% of the left ventricle), there exists a third condition of equal importance:
      severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium.

PMID- 3378445
TI  - [Myocardial scintigraphy using omega-I-123 heptadecanoic acid (Rossendorf) in
      patients with coronary disease].
AB  - Scintigraphy using labelled myocardial metabolism precursors makes possible a
      noninvasive qualitative--and increasingly also quantitative--evaluation of global
      and regional myocardium, both normally and insufficiently perfused, with normal
      and disturbed metabolism. Among the labelled precursors, free fatty acids appear
      as most important, especially the omega-123I-heptadecanoic acid. The experience
      with the use of this myocardial metabolism precursor in 23 examinations of 11
      patients is described.

PMID- 3378447
TI  - Early rehabilitation of patients in the convalescence phase after myocardial
      infarction. Results of a multicentre study in GDR health resorts.
AB  - Carried out within the framework of the GDR myocardial infarction control
      programme, this study presents the organisational model of early rehabilitation
      of post-infarction patients in convalescence (phase II according to WHO) in
      health resorts and sanatoria. By referring to a multicentre study conducted on
      5,069 patients in six sanatoria of the GDR, a higher physical performance and
      cardiac relaxation are set forth as essential results, coupled with a decline in
      the sympathico-adrenergic response, which are concomitant with an improved state
      of health. Twelve months following the cure, 77% of the patients regained their
      ability to work, with 71% of them back in their former jobs.

PMID- 3378448
TI  - Metabolic changes in the arterial wall and endothelial injury in experimental
      methioninaemia.
AB  - Chronic administration of methionine to rats induced endothelial lesion
      manifested by increased endothelaemia and metabolic changes indicative of
      pathological processes involving the vessel wall. These changes did not
      spontaneously return to values observed in control animals. Long-term
      administration of antiatherosclerotic drugs Pyridinolcarbamate and Phtalazinole
      II normalized metabolic disorder in the aortic wall and reduced endothelaemia to
      normal values.

PMID- 3378449
TI  - Human chromosome banding specific for electron microscopy.
AB  - Electron microscopy (EM) provides much higher resolution than that obtained with
      light microscopy (LM). Until now, however, no chromosome banding procedure
      specifically adapted for EM was available. To produce an easy and reproducible
      banding method that would allow accurate chromosome identification, we
      investigated the applicability of an immunochemical method. BrdU-substituted
      chromosomal regions can be accurately visualized by applying a monoclonal
      antibody against BrdU, followed by a gold-tagged secondary antibody. Since BrdU
      is incorporated during the last part of the S-phase, regions of darkly stained G-
      and C-bands are substituted. A characteristic C-banding pattern is revealed, and
      the G-banding obtained is sharp and allows discrimination between subbands. Its
      similarity with the classical G-banding observed by LM makes it easy to interpret
      and facilitates karyotyping.

PMID- 3378450
TI  - Chromosome sublocalization of a cDNA for human DNA polymerase-beta to 8p11---
      p12.
AB  - We have localized a cDNA fragment that codes for human DNA polymerase-beta. Using
      somatic cell and in situ hybridization techniques, this cDNA was cloned by
      screening a human KM-3 cell cDNA library in lambda gt 11 for expression of fused
      beta-galactosidase-human DNA polymerase-beta proteins. We have mapped this human
      polymerase-beta gene to the short arm of chromosome 8 in the subregion 8p11---
      p12.

PMID- 3378451
TI  - Localization of mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase locus on chromosome 10.
AB  - Mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase has been localized on chromosome 10C2----D1 by in
      situ hybridization using a mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA clone. This locus
      is distinct from the hyperphenylalaninemia locus on chromosome 14 and the locus
      for tyrosine hydroxylase on chromosome 7.

PMID- 3378452
TI  - The human liver-type pyruvate kinase (PKL) gene is on chromosome 1 at band q21.
AB  - Pyruvate kinase (PK) is an important enzyme for ATP production in the glycolytic
      pathway. Deficiency of this enzyme in erythrocytes is characterized by hemolytic
      anemia. Using in situ hybridization, we have mapped the human liver-type pyruvate
      kinase gene (PKL) to band q21 of chromosome 1.

PMID- 3378453
TI  - A fertile mule and hinny in China.
AB  - Anecdotal reports of fertility in female mules (jack donkey x mare) and hinnies
      (stallion x jenny donkey) have appeared in the literature over the years, but
      scientists have generally regarded them with scepticism. The fact that some of
      these hybrids can come into estrous and ovulate makes fertility conceivable,
      given that opportunity for mating arises. In China, where mules are bred
      extensively for work on the farms, a fertile female mule and a fertile female
      hinny have now been verified by chromosomal investigation. Each had mated with a
      donkey and produced a filly foal. The foals show unique hybrid karyotypes
      different from the mule's or hinny's and different from each other's. The studies
      make it clear that mule and hinny fertility, at least for the female hybrid, is a
      real possibility.

PMID- 3378454
TI  - Pachytene analysis in males heterozygous for a familial translocation (9;12;13)
      (q22; q22; q32) ascertained through a child with partial trisomy 9.
AB  - A family with four male and three female heterozygotes for a three-way
      translocation (9;12;13) (q22; q22; q32) in three generations was ascertained
      through a chromosomally imbalanced newborn with an additional derivative
      chromosome 9 resulting from nondisjunction. Three heterozygous males from two
      generations with apparent differences in their fertility status were investigated
      using pachytene spreads and testicular histology. Pachytene analysis in all three
      individuals, the fertile (II-2) as well as the subfertile (III-7) and infertile
      (III-9), showed a hexavalent with central nonpairing around the translocation
      breakpoints in nearly all spermatocytes. Thus, the observed hexavalent
      configurations in pachytene do not seem to have caused impaired fertility. This
      rather may have been the result of sperm carrying unbalanced chromosome sets.
      However, the observed difference in fertility between the heterozygous fertile
      male in generation II and his two heterozygous sons remains unexplained.

PMID- 3378455
TI  - Chromosome assignment of the owl monkey MOS and MYC gene loci.
AB  - Southern blot hybridizations of rodent x owl monkey hybrid DNAs with human cDNA
      probes allowed the mapping of the MOS and MYC gene loci to owl monkey chromosome
      16 of karyotype VI (2n = 49 male/50 female) and to the homologous chromosome 15
      of karyotype V (2n = 46). Synteny of MOS and MYC gene loci in both man and owl
      monkey suggests this chromosome segment's conservation in primates, contrasting
      with its disruption in the mouse.

PMID- 3378456
TI  - Regional localization of the gene for thyroid peroxidase to human chromosome
      2pter----p12.
AB  - A 2.0-kb thyroid peroxidase cDNA of human origin was used as probe for Southern
      blot hybridization of genomic DNA from human somatic cells and human-rodent
      somatic cell hybrids. The results showed that the gene coding for human thyroid
      peroxidase is located on chromosome. 2. Further analysis of hybrids derived from
      Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a (2;8)(p12;q24) translocation revealed that the
      gene maps to the region 2pter----p12.

PMID- 3378457
TI  - Symmetry analysis of cell nuclei.
AB  - An algorithm is described that is used to analyze the two-dimensional spatial
      symmetry of cell nuclei. The method provides two symmetry features: the symmetry
      index (SI), which estimates the precise spatial symmetry of a given chromatin
      component, Cn, and the quadrant symmetry index (QSI), which estimates the number
      of quadrants being occupied by Cn. A previous analysis is used to show that age
      related change in Malpighian tubule nuclei from the adult housefly is associated
      with significant alterations in the spatial symmetry of low-, medium-, and high
      density chromatin components (LDC, MDC, HDC). This included a seven-fold increase
      in the spatial symmetry of HDC and a shift in the symmetry profile (from highest
      to lowest degree of symmetry) from LDC-MDC-HDC to MDC-LDC-HDC. The increased
      spatial symmetry of HDC suggests that it occurs at new nuclear sites as the fly
      ages and that these sites are distributed over approximately 60% of the
      chromosome population.

PMID- 3378458
TI  - DNA flow cytometry of endoscopically examined colorectal adenomas and
      adenocarcinomas.
AB  - DNA ploidy of 64 colorectal adenomas and 49 adenocarcinomas, examined
      endoscopically, was studied by flow cytometry. We found DNA aneuploidy in none of
      the 105 normal mucosa samples (0%), in 20 adenomas (31%), and in 36
      adenocarcinomas (74%). DNA ploidy of adenomas correlated with size (P = 0.02) and
      degree of dysplasia (P less than 0.01) but not with histologic type. Adenomas had
      a 45% incidence of DNA aneuploid stem lines in the DNA index range of 0.80-1.20,
      compared with 8% in the case of adenocarcinomas. The distribution of the DNA
      index values of adenocarcinomas was approximately normal, with a mean value 1.63
      +/- 0.28. The mean DNA index for the three cases of "carcinoma in adenoma" with
      invasion of the stalk of the adenoma was 1.52 +/- 0.18. These results, using DNA
      flow cytometry, provide evidence for the progression of colorectal adenoma to
      adenocarcinoma. The classification of adenomas according to DNA ploidy may be
      information of considerable practical value to the clinician in predicting risk
      of further adenomas and/or risk of cancer.

PMID- 3378459
TI  - Evaluation of four methods of DNA distribution data analysis based on
      bromodeoxyuridine/DNA bivariate data.
AB  - Four published methods of DNA-content histogram analysis (those of Fried, Dean
      and Jett, simplified Dean, and Fox) were compared using a double labeling of
      different cell populations. Partially synchronized and asynchronous cell
      populations were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and then stained with
      an anti-BrdUrd monoclonal antibody and propidium iodide (PI). The fractions of
      cells in the G1, S, and G2 + M phases were calculated by each method and compared
      with those derived from G1, S, and G2 + M areas plotted on BrdUrd/DNA bivariate
      histograms, taken as the "true" values. This procedure enabled an optimal choice
      of method for a given cell population.

PMID- 3378460
TI  - A correction required for calculation of DNA ratios in flow cytometric analysis
      of ploidy.
AB  - Flow cytometric measurements of nuclear DNA content often involve the calculation
      of a DNA index, which compares the DNA fluorescence from two different
      populations. Such DNA indices have been used to classify aneuploid peaks from
      tumour tissue into different categories relative to normal diploid cells. This
      report describes a correction based on the channel for unstained particles that
      is required if DNA index values are to give a true and reproducible indication of
      relative DNA content.

PMID- 3378461
TI  - Locating the human diploid channel.

PMID- 3378462
TI  - Effectiveness of vacuum cleaning and wet cleaning in reducing house-dust mites,
      fungi and mite allergen in a cotton carpet: a case study.
AB  - In order to evaluate the effect of continuous, thorough vacuuming on house dust
      organisms and mite allergen, a cotton carpet was vacuumed every other day, six
      times in total. Seven weeks later, the carpet was cleaned by means of spray
      extraction. Samples were taken before and after this wet cleaning. In total 1150
      g of dust was collected, containing approximately 174,000 arthropods (dead and
      alive) and 9000 X 10(6) fungal spores. In the course of the experiment, the
      amount of dust collected at each vacuuming decreased. The number of extracted
      house dust mites did not decrease significantly, but that of the predator mite
      Cheyletus did. The number of extracted fungal spores showed a significant
      decrease (from 142 to 16 X 10(6) spores/m2 per minute vacuuming), as did the
      extracted mite allergen per m2. After 7 weeks the number of mite eggs and
      complete house dust mites had increased enormously. After cleaning by spray
      extraction another increase in the number of complete mites and mite eggs was
      found, while the amount of mite allergen was diminished. The population growth of
      the house dust mite between the 6th and the 7th vacuuming is probably due to the
      decrease of their most important predator, Cheyletus. After the wet cleaning a
      number of extra eggs hatched, probably due to the high humidity in the carpet.
      The procedures used in this study to combat house dust mites may have an adverse
      effect in the long run.

PMID- 3378463
TI  - Water vapour uptake from subsaturated atmospheres by engorged immature ixodid
      ticks.
AB  - Contrary to current opinion, fully engorged and detached larvae and nymphs of
      some ixodid ticks consistently take up substantial amounts of atmospheric water
      vapour and thereby display their regulative capacity for maintaining water
      balance in subsaturated air. Net uptake of vapour generally begins some days
      after detachment and the capability persists until shortly after initiation of
      apolysis, a period which in diapausing specimens may extend up to several months.
      This was shown for Ixodes ricinus, Haemaphysalis punctata, and the North American
      I. dammini. Apparently, some other engorged ixodid immatures fail to exhibit net
      vapour uptake, as was shown for both larvae and nymphs of Dermacentor marginatus
      and nymphs of Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum. But there is some evidence for
      engorged nymphs of D. marginatus that active uptake of vapour does occur, masked
      by spiracular transpiration. Net uptake of vapour is apparently not possible
      during the pharate phases. In I. ricinus both teneral nymphs and adults are
      capable of achieving net water gains by active vapour uptake on the first day
      following ecdysis. There is new evidence from fully engorged I. ricinus immatures
      for the decisive role of agranular alveoli in the production of the salivary
      secretion involved in vapour uptake.

PMID- 3378464
TI  - DNA aneuploidy in solitary colonic adenomas and the future risk of colorectal
      cancer.
AB  - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on the colonic adenomas of 24 patients
      who had resection of an invasive colorectal carcinoma subsequent to polypectomy.
      The incidence of DNA aneuploidy among these adenomas was only 13 percent. Thus,
      simple recognition of colonic adenomas as being DNA diploid or DNA aneuploid is
      unlikely to be helpful for identifying patients with adenoma who are at high risk
      for developing a future colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 3378465
TI  - A prospective, randomized trial of perioperative prophylactic cefamandole in
      elective colorectal surgery for malignancy.
AB  - The impact on wound infection of the addition of perioperative cefamandole to a
      mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics was studied in a prospective
      randomized series of patients undergoing elective colectomy for biopsy-proven
      carcinoma or adenomatous polyps. Seventy patients were randomized, all underwent
      mechanical bowel preparation and received oral neomycin and erythromycin base.
      Thirty-four patients also received a preoperative and four postoperative doses of
      cefamandole, while 36 patients were randomized to receive no parenteral
      antibiotics. The two groups were well stratified for age, sex, and risk factors.
      The Dukes stage was similar and the surgical procedures were equally distributed
      in the two groups. There were no wound infections in the 34 patients receiving
      cefamandole and only one wound infection (2.8 percent) in the 36 control
      patients. Therefore, the addition of perioperative intravenous cefamandole to a
      good mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics was of no benefit in
      reducing wound infections following resection of colorectal malignancies in this
      select group of patients.

PMID- 3378467
TI  - Anal sensation and the continence mechanism.
AB  - Thermal sensation is thought to be important in sensory discrimination between
      different substances. The aim of this study was to determine the thermal
      sensitivity in the anal canal in continent patients with hemorrhoids (N = 20), a
      group that has been reported to have a sensory deficit, and to compare the
      results with control subjects (N = 40) and patients with idiopathic fecal
      incontinence (IFI) (N = 22). Anal manometry was performed and sensation to
      mucosal electrostimulation and temperature change in the lower, middle, and upper
      zones of the anal canal assessed. Thermal sensation was impaired in the
      hemorrhoid group as compared with controls, but not to the same degree as in IFI
      (e.g., median thermal sensitivity in mid anal canal, control 0.9 degrees C,
      hemorrhoid 1.2 degrees C, IFI 2.0 degrees C, P less than .05 and less than .001,
      respectively). The correlation between the two tests of sensation was 0.54 (P
      less than .001) and the reproducibility of thermal sensory thresholds was 0.82 (P
      less than .001). In conclusion, patients with hemorrhoids have a mild anal
      sensory deficit, but continence in this group is likely to be augmented by other
      factors.

PMID- 3378466
TI  - Vitamin supplements among women with adenomatous polyps and cancer of the colon.
      Preliminary findings.
AB  - Chemoprevention of various epithelial cancers with vitamins or minerals has been
      the subject of multiple intervention trials to assess the impact of
      supplementation. These include several trials in patients with adenomatous polyps
      of the colon, a precursor lesion for colon cancer. The authors interviewed 255
      women who underwent colonoscopy at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center between
      1983 and 1985 with a telephone-administered structured questionnaire. Eleven
      interviews were excluded for various reasons. Overall, 57.7 percent of the 244
      interviewees used vitamin pills on a regular basis (at least once a week for a
      year); 6.6 percent of the interviewees used vitamin A, 20.7 percent used vitamin
      C, and 16.2 percent used vitamin E. There were no statistically significant
      differences in vitamin usage among women with adenomatous polyps of the colon
      (105 cases), women with colon cancer (56 cases), and women without colonic
      neoplasia (83 cases). Despite widespread use of supplementary vitamins, this
      study failed to demonstrate major benefits in preventing colon polyps or cancer.

PMID- 3378468
TI  - Natural history of colorectal cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
      (Lynch syndromes I and II).
AB  - Approximately 5 to 6 percent of the total colorectal cancer burden is accounted
      for by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Because clinical
      premonitory signs such as those seen in familial polyposis coli (FPC) are
      lacking, the clinician must recognize clinical findings and family history
      typical of HNPCC. The authors have described colorectal cancer expression from a
      survey of ten HNPCC kindreds. Kindred members with colorectal cancer differed
      significantly (P less than .05) from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer: 1)
      mean age of initial colon cancer diagnosis was 44.6 years; 2) 72.3 percent of
      first colon cancers were located in the right colon, and only 25 percent were in
      the sigmoid colon and rectum; 3) 18.1 percent had synchronous colon cancers; and
      4) 24.2 percent developed metachronous colon cancer, with a risk for metachronous
      lesions in ten years of 40 percent. Affecteds and their first-degree relatives
      should undergo early intensive education and surveillance. In families with an
      early age of onset, colonoscopy should begin at age 25, and biannually
      thereafter, with fecal occult blood testing of the stool semiannually. Third
      party carriers must become more responsive to the costly surveillance measures
      required for these otherwise healthy patients.

PMID- 3378469
TI  - Kock's pouch converted to a pelvic pouch. Report of a case.
AB  - This study reports a patient previously operated upon with proctocolectomy and
      construction of a continent ileostomy (Kock pouch). The sphincter muscles, which
      were preserved by using the mucosal proctectomy technique, were used for
      conversion to a pelvic pouch five years later. The functional result was
      satisfactory and superior to that commonly seen in an average J-pouch patient.
      Patients with a continent ileostomy and in whom the rectum or sphincters have
      been preserved may be easily converted to a pelvic pouch, should they wish.
      Patients in whom a short mesentery prevents construction of a pelvic pouch, may
      be recommended a continent ileostomy as a temporary measure. Due to subsequent
      expansion of the reservoir, a restorative ileopouch-anal anastomosis may be
      possible at a later date. The good functional result in this case implies that
      the double folded reservoir according to Kock's original technique exhibits the
      same unique reservoir properties even when employed for an ileopouch-anal
      anastomosis.

PMID- 3378470
TI  - Reconstruction of partial rectal and sacral loss by gracilis and gluteus maximus
      muscle island transfer. Report of a case.
AB  - This study presents a rare case of extensive tissue loss from the posterior
      pelvic wall (gluteal, sacral, and perianal region) and from the intrapelvic
      organs (rectum) following unusual trauma. This patient underwent successful
      reconstruction by a method that has not been previously described. Rectal wall
      reconstruction was performed using gracilis muscle transfer, and sacral
      reconstruction was performed by gluteus maximus muscle island transfer. Three
      year follow-up demonstrated a normal life pattern.

PMID- 3378471
TI  - Histoclinical basis for a new classification of hemorrhoidal disease.
AB  - The present classification of first, second, and third grade hemorrhoids only
      reflects variation in size of a normal human tissue and does not relate to
      "hemorrhoidal disease." Cross-sections and coronal sections of the anal canal in
      32 fetuses, with ages ranging from 28 to 38 weeks of development, were studied
      and the following fundamental facts were found: in the lumen of the anal canals
      of fetuses, there are prominences of mucosa formed by conjunctive and muscular
      tissue, arterial and venous vessels and glands, arranged without following any
      particular pattern, which resemble similar formations found in the adult that
      protrude equally in the inside of the canal, known as hemorrhoids. The muscular
      tissue, smooth or striated, is grouped in bundles, and bunches of collagen fibers
      of homogeneous, nonfragmented, and regular aspect are found between them. Blood
      vessels have an ample lumen with a defined structure of collagen tissue as well
      as muscular tissue in its walls. Prominences of mucosa are connected to the
      remainder of the intestinal wall by defined conjunctive thick, nonfragmented
      fibers, that permit firm adherence. In healthy adults, the findings were similar
      but there was an evident degenerative process in the collagen fibers. In 100
      surgical specimens of hemorrhoidectomies, the histologic investigation
      demonstrated a severe inflammatory reaction that especially affected the blood
      vessel wall and conjunctive tissue, which probably produced an ischemic lesion of
      the mucosa that could condition the onset of a vascular thrombosis, allowing
      displacement of the mucosa and its protrusion through the anus. The files of 815
      patients suffering from hemorrhoidal disease were also studied. The main physical
      findings were bleeding, thrombosis of the internal hemorrhoidal plexus, prolapse
      of the anal cushions, or a combination of these. The authors propose to classify
      hemorrhoidal disease as bleeding, prolapsing, thrombotic, and mixed hemorrhoidal
      disease, aiming toward a rational treatment.

PMID- 3378472
TI  - Complications after low anterior resection.

PMID- 3378473
TI  - Effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in dyspeptic patients.
AB  - The effect of the new gastrokinetic agent cisapride on gastric emptying was
      evaluated in 17 dyspeptic patients using the dual radionuclide technique. Eight
      patients with idiopathic dyspepsia and nine postsurgical dyspeptic patients were
      studied and compared to a control group. Gastric emptying of solids and liquids
      was determined after ingestion of a standardized meal using 99mTc-sulfur colloid
      scrambled eggs as the solid phase and [111In]DTPA-labeled water as the liquid
      phase. Following a basal study and on a separate occasion, each patient received
      an intravenous bolus of 10 mg of cisapride after ingestion of the test meal; 10
      of the patients were restudied after a two-week period of chronic oral
      administration of the drug (10 mg four times a day). Baseline gastric emptying of
      solids was significantly delayed in idiopathic and postsurgical patients; liquid
      emptying was only delayed in the postsurgical group. Intravenous and oral
      administration of cisapride significantly shortened gastric emptying in both
      groups. In all but one patient, the clinical improvement was confirmed by the
      test. Cisapride appears to be a good alternative to metoclopramide and
      domperiodone in the treatment of dyspeptic patients. The dual radionuclide
      technique appears to be a useful physiologic tool for evaluating and predicting
      the efficacy of a gastric prokinetic therapy in man.

PMID- 3378474
TI  - Effects of nutrients on gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying after
      Billroth-I gastrectomy in dogs.
AB  - We wanted to clarify the way in which nutrients influence gastrointestinal
      motility and gastric emptying following distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I
      gastroduodenostomy. Four gastrectomized dogs were equipped with extraluminal
      strain gauge transducers. Gastric emptying was measured radiographically. Four
      intact dogs were used as controls for emptying studies. Following gastrectomy,
      gastric emptying of both acaloric and nutrient meals was rapid in the initial
      period of the experiments. Gastric outflow was supported by propagating duodenal
      contractions. Compared with control dogs, the early emptying of nutrient meals
      was accelerated. In the following period, nutrients markedly slowed gastric
      emptying compared with acaloric meals due to a segmenting contractile pattern of
      the duodenum and a significant diminution of gastrointestinal motility. Results
      suggest that after Billroth-I gastrectomy (1) the control of gastric emptying by
      nutrients acts too late to slow the initial enhanced gastric outflow, and (2) the
      duodenal contractile patterns influence gastric emptying.

PMID- 3378475
TI  - G-cell hyperplasia in rats with pyloric stenosis.
AB  - Since little is known about the pathophysiology of pyloric stenosis, we created a
      partial gastric outlet obstruction in 13 Wistar rats by placing a nonabsorbable
      ligature of defined size around the pylorus. Sham operations were performed in 10
      rats. The animals from both groups were killed after four months. G-cell count
      and gastrin content were determined in 10 parallel strips, which were cut by
      razor blades mounted on a handle. Gastric size and weight as well as thickness of
      mucosal and muscular layers and serum gastrin concentration were also determined.
      Body weight of the animals with pyloric stenosis was lower and gastric weight
      higher than that of the controls. Furthermore, we found an enlarged G-cell area
      and G-cell hyperplasia, an increased surface area and thickness of the mucosal
      and muscular layers of the stomach, and in the majority of rats, elevated serum
      gastrin levels. Total G-cell count was 583,720 +/- 90,561 in the rats with
      pyloric stenosis and 385,775 +/- 15,820 (mean +/- SEM) in the control rats (P
      less than 0.04). We conclude that partial gastric outlet obstruction in rats
      leads to G-cell hyperplasia and that this experiment may serve as a model for
      pyloric stenosis in man.

PMID- 3378476
TI  - Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations
      and acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - Acid secretion and basal serum pepsinogen I and II concentrations were measured
      in 14 duodenal ulcer patients before and at intervals up to six years after
      proximal gastric vagotomy. Vagotomy led to significant and long-standing
      reductions in basal, vagally mediated (induced by sham feeding), and peak
      pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Serum pepsinogen I concentrations also
      decreased significantly after vagotomy but to a significantly lesser extent than
      acid secretion. There was no correlation between serum pepsinogen I
      concentrations and peak acid secretion, either before or after vagotomy. Serum
      pepsinogen II concentrations decreased only slightly and transiently after
      vagotomy. Thus, proximal gastric vagotomy reduces acid hypersecretion and
      pepsinogen I hypersecretion, but not pepsinogen II hypersecretion, in duodenal
      ulcer patients.

PMID- 3378477
TI  - Effect of natural peptide YY on blood flow and exocrine secretion of pancreas in
      dogs.
AB  - Little is known regarding the mechanism by which peptide YY exerts an inhibitory
      effect on exocrine pancreatic secretion. The purpose of this study is to
      determine if peptide YY affects pancreatic blood flow with simultaneous
      measurement of exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs. Pancreatic blood flow was
      measured by a laser Doppler flowmeter which allows continuous measurement of
      tissue blood flow. Natural peptide YY (0.1, 0.5, 1 microgram/kg) was infused
      intravenously as a bolus under background infusion of secretin (1 unit/kg/hr) in
      combination with cholecystokinin-octapeptide (0.1 microgram/kg/hr). Peptide YY
      caused a reduction of pancreatic blood flow in a dose-dependent manner as well as
      inhibition of pancreatic protein output, attaining the maximal reduction (28 +/-
      4%) and inhibition (45 +/- 9%) at a dose of 1 microgram/kg, respectively.
      Simultaneous and continuous observation on tissue blood flow and exocrine
      secretion of the pancreas revealed that there was a highly significant
      correlation between the percent reduction of pancreatic blood flow and that of
      volume of pancreatic juice in response to peptide YY (r = 0.849, P less than
      0.001). This study provides evidence that the mechanism of peptide YY-induced
      inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion is mediated, at least partly, through
      the decreased pancreatic blood flow.

PMID- 3378478
TI  - Permanent HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B viral infection following acute
      delta superinfection.
AB  - Three patients are described with chronic hepatitis B virus infection for three
      to six years before hepatitis delta virus superinfection occurred. Liver biopsy
      performed in two patients prior to their delta illness revealed chronic
      persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis, respectively. Within one to
      seven months of the acute delta event, all three patients lost their circulating
      hepatitis B surface antigen. Subsequently, delta antibody also cleared. Clinical
      well-being and normal transaminases were documented over 10-44 months of follow
      up. Although most cases of delta infection in chronic hepatitis B result in
      severe or progressive disease, a small number of patients may develop clearance
      of the HBsAg with clearance of both B and delta infections.

PMID- 3378479
TI  - Gastric mucosal lesions induced by hemorrhagic shock in baboons. Role of oxygen
      derived free radicals.
AB  - In this study we sought to define the role of oxygen-derived free radicals during
      ischemia and reperfusion in the production of acute damage to the gastric mucosa
      of baboons. The protective effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol,
      the superoxide scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a long-acting SOD
      albumin was determined. Mucosal damage was evaluated using light and scanning
      electron microscopy. Evidence for oxidative insult to the gastric mucosa was
      sought by measuring tissue concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG)
      glutathione. Gastric mucosal blood flow was estimated using the microsphere
      technique. A similar pattern of tissue damage was found at the end of ischemia in
      all three groups. Thirty minutes after reperfusion, severe mucosal damage (grade
      3) increased only in the untreated control. In the two treated groups, grade 3
      damage remained unchanged during reperfusion and a decrease in the percentage of
      moderate damage (grade 2) was seen. Both GSH and GSSG tissue concentrations were
      lower in the untreated controls as compared to the scavenger-treated groups,
      making it questionable whether GSH/GSSG tissue levels adequately reflect
      oxidative stress. We conclude that in our ischemia-reperfusion model the
      generation of oxygen-derived free radicals produces mucosal damage and prevents
      the restitution of moderate mucosal damage during reperfusion. In ischemia,
      factors other than free radicals seem to be responsible for mucosal damage. The
      protective effect of allopurinol and SOD was not mediated by changes in gastric
      mucosal blood flow.

PMID- 3378480
TI  - Possible role of oxygen free radicals in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage
      in rats.
AB  - The involvement of oxygen free radicals in the development of the ethanol-induced
      gastric mucosal damage has been investigated. We found that oral administration
      of superoxide dismutase reduced the incidence of ethanol-induced mucosal lesions.
      Reduction of superoxide dismutase activity by diethyldithiocarbamate led to a
      pronounced aggravation of mucosal damage. Inhibition of the chloride-bicarbonate
      channel by a stilbene derivative also aggravated the ethanol-induced hemorrhagic
      lesions. Neither glutathione peroxidase, catalase, nor ceruloplasmin were capable
      of inhibiting the development of mucosal damage. Compounds with scavenging
      properties such as thiourea, 1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2-thiourea, dimethyl
      sulfoxide, various inorganic compounds (elements of the first and second
      subgroups and of the sixth group of the periodic table) and sulfhydryl-containing
      substances protected the gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury in a dose
      related manner. Naturally occurring antioxidants such as alpha-tocopherol, beta
      carotene, and coenzyme Q10 were ineffective. The present results suggest that
      superoxide free radicals are involved in the development of ethanol-induced
      gastric mucosal lesions, probably via an interaction with cellular membranes.

PMID- 3378481
TI  - Microcirculatory stasis precedes tissue necrosis in ethanol-induced gastric
      mucosal injury in the rat.
AB  - The relation of blood flow stasis to the development of unequivocal histologic
      necrosis (loss of parietal cells from the column of contiguous cells) in ethanol
      induced gastric mucosal injury was studied in anesthetized rats. The most rapid
      vascular change that occurred when the gastric mucosa was exposed to 100% ethanol
      was a severe segmental constriction of the large submucosal venules. At 22 sec,
      the average venular diameter was 52.2 +/- 6.0% of the original one. This was
      followed by complete superficial mucosal blood flow stasis at 49 +/- 4 sec and
      appearance of histologic evidence of necrosis in one of seven rats at 2.5 min,
      four of six rats at 10 min, and seven of seven rats at 60 min. We conclude that
      in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury, submucosal venular constriction occurs
      first, followed by cessation of mucosal blood flow to be followed later on with
      histologic evidence of necrosis.

PMID- 3378482
TI  - Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal blood flow and vascular permeability changes in
      the rat.
AB  - Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is accompanied by complete cessation of
      blood flow in the lesion area. An in vivo microscopy technique was used in the
      rat to determine whether this cessation of blood flow could be due to increased
      microvascular permeability with marked plasma exudation and a resultant increase
      in blood viscosity. The topical application of 100% ethanol to the mucosa caused
      complete stasis of mucosal blood flow within 1 min. Fluorescent in vivo
      microscopy revealed that topical ethanol also caused a prompt increase in mucosal
      microvascular permeability to albumin. This, however, did not explain the slowing
      and cessation of mucosal microvascular blood flow as these preceded the
      permeability change.

PMID- 3378483
TI  - Pathogenesis of digitoxin-induced duodenal ulcers in pregnant rats. Roles of
      gastric acid and duodenal alkaline secretion.
AB  - Late-stage pregnant rats (day 17) had higher rates of gastric acid secretion (45
      55 mu eq/15 min) as compared to nonpregnant and middle-stage pregnant (day 10)
      rats (20-25 mu eq/15 min). In contrast, basal rates of duodenal alkaline
      secretion were significantly lower (2-3 mu eq/15 min) in pregnant rats (day 10
      and 17) than those in nonpregnant rats (approximately 5 mu eq/15 min), although
      the duodenal mucosa responded to acid with a significant rise in HCO3- output in
      these three groups of rats. In pregnant rats (day 17), a single injection of
      digitoxin, a Na+ K+-ATPase inhibitor (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously), had no effect on
      basal acid and alkaline secretions, but significantly blocked the acid-induced
      HCO3- secretion for more than 18 hr from 6 hr after administration. This drug,
      when given once daily for four days (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously), produced well
      defined ulcers in the proximal duodenum with few lesions in the stomach of female
      rats, and the severity and incidence were significantly higher in late-stage
      pregnant rats than in the other two groups of rats. Following repeated
      administration of digitoxin (10 mg/kg) to late-stage pregnant rats (days 17-20),
      acid secretion significantly declined after two days of treatment, while the acid
      induced HCO3- secretion was significantly attenuated after one day of treatment
      and remained inhibited during the whole period. These results suggest that an
      impairment of the mechanisms related to acid-induced HCO3- secretion may be
      associated with the induction of duodenal ulcers caused by digitoxin in female
      rats, and the high incidence of these ulcers in late-stage pregnant rats may be
      due to acid hypersecretion.

PMID- 3378484
TI  - Abstracts of the sixth International Conference on Experimental Ulcer. August 28
      31, 1988, Jerusalem, Israel.

PMID- 3378485
TI  - Semiquantitative criteria for fine-needle biopsy diagnosis: reduced false
      negative diagnoses.
AB  - Adequate sampling is important to minimize the risk of false-negative fine-needle
      biopsy (FNB) diagnoses. This article reports a prospective study of the following
      criteria for adequacy of sampling for FNB benign diagnoses: at least six
      aspirates, at least two of which each contain at least six clusters of benign
      cells. Of 888 patients studied with FNB, 60 had FNB diagnoses of malignancy; 58
      were surgically confirmed, and there was one false positive. Seven of eight
      nodules with diagnoses of suspected malignancy were excised; three were
      malignant. Fifty-seven nodules had diagnoses of cellular or Hurthle-cell
      adenomas; 35 were excised, and four were malignant. All 33 nodules excised after
      benign diagnoses (including Hashimoto's thyroiditis) were benign. Five of 23 FNBs
      with small numbers of benign cells were malignant, but false-negative FNB
      diagnoses were avoided because of adherence to the proposed criteria for adequacy
      of sampling.

PMID- 3378486
TI  - Nasal eosinophilia in children: its use in the nasal allergen provocation test.
AB  - This pediatric cytological and clinical study aimed at assessing the value of
      nasal eosinophilia during nasal provocation tests for identifying an offending
      allergen. The population studied comprised 50 children aged from 4 to 18 yr; 39
      of these had well-characterized allergic rhinitis, which in 21 cases was combined
      with asthma, and the remaining 11 had nonatopic chronic rhinitis. Nasal
      secretions, collected by nose blowing, were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa or
      Wright stain. The percentage of nasal eosinophils was obtained by examining the
      cells in the whole slides. Counts were carried out on secretions collected before
      challenge, after insufflation of saline solution (for verification), and 40 min
      after insufflation into each nostril of an allergen (housedust mite extract). The
      nasal provocation test was considered positive when insufflation of the allergen
      increased nasal eosinophilia by more than 10%, provided that the prechallenge
      proportion of eosinophils was less than 50%. No increase in specific bronchial
      resistance was noted. These results indicate that nasal provocation tests are
      safe, even in asthmatic children.

PMID- 3378487
TI  - Respiratory cytopathology in chlorine gas toxicity: a study in 28 subjects.
AB  - Bronchial brushings to evaluate cytopathologic changes were collected from 28
      patients exposed to a toxic atmospheric level (66 parts/million) of chlorine gas.
      Postexposure smears collected on day 5 showed basal-cell and goblet-cell
      hyperplasia, acute inflammation, and chromatolysis of columnar epithelial cells.
      Columnar epithelial cell syncytia were observed in 15 (53.57%) smears. Nine
      (32.14%) smears showed abundant nonpigmented alveolar macrophages. Seven (25%)
      smears from mucosal erosions showed proliferating fibroblasts and capillary
      fragments; on day 15 and day 25 repeat smears from these seven cases showed
      evidence of epithelial regeneration and repair by fibrosis. This latter feature
      could lead to chronic ventilatory incapacitation in patients exposed to toxic
      levels of chlorine gas.

PMID- 3378488
TI  - Fine-needle aspiration of an apocrine breast carcinoma with multivacuolated,
      lipid-rich, giant cells.
AB  - The frequency of mammary apocrine carcinoma varies considerably and reflects the
      definitional differences of various researchers. Lipid synthesis by malignant
      mammary cells is not uncommon, and occasionally it is so extensive that the
      designation lipid-rich carcinoma is warranted. Many subtypes of lipid-rich
      carcinoma are described. Although focal apocrine change is observed in one type,
      a tumor composed predominantly of an apocrine carcinoma with an intimate
      admixture of lipid-rich malignant cells is previously undescribed. The fine
      needle aspiration, histologic, and ultrastructural features of such a tumor is
      delineated for which the descriptive title lipid-rich apocrine carcinoma is
      coined.

PMID- 3378489
TI  - Cytology of pleural effusions in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Rheumatoid pleural effusions are relatively uncommon. The cytologic examination
      of such effusions can be diagnostic of the underlying disease; this is of great
      clinical significance when the rheumatoid condition has not been diagnosed prior
      to the pleural involvement. The diagnostic cytologic abnormalities include large
      elongated and multinucleated giant cells and macrophages in a background of
      granular and necrotic debris. The cytologic characteristics parallel the
      histologic features of pleural rheumatoid nodules.

PMID- 3378490
TI  - How does one separate cellular follicular lesions of the thyroid by fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy?

PMID- 3378491
TI  - Is expertise in cytology diagnosis on thyroid nodules transferable?

PMID- 3378492
TI  - [Spectroscopic study of DNA interaction with DNA-binding proteins in the plasma
      membrane from rat liver cells].

PMID- 3378493
TI  - [The nature of the effect of polymers reducing hydrodynamic resistance on blood
      circulation].

PMID- 3378494
TI  - [Enkephalins and their synthetic analogs as noncompetitive reversible inhibitors
      of acetylcholinesterase].

PMID- 3378495
TI  - [A test for membrano-activity of enzymes: regulation of their catalytic activity
      by the matrix structure in a system surface-active agent-water-organic solvent].

PMID- 3378496
TI  - [Complex movements induced by microstimulation of the neocortex in the albino
      rat].

PMID- 3378498
TI  - [Space-time characteristics of potential-dependent optical signals of molluscan
      ganglia recorded using a 100-cell photodiode array].

PMID- 3378497
TI  - [Electron microscope cytochemical detection of calcium during various phases of
      the action potential].

PMID- 3378499
TI  - [Modification of membranes with perfluorocarbons as a possible mechanism of
      reduced ischemic damage of the myocardium].

PMID- 3378500
TI  - [Silent genes of the catechol oxidation meta-pathway in naphthalene
      biodegradation plasmids].

PMID- 3378501
TI  - [Bismuth subsalicylate treatment in chronic Campylobacter pylori-associated
      erosive gastritis].
AB  - In a prospective open study 21 patients with upper abdominal complaints and
      chronic active gastritis as well as endoscopically proven erosions were treated
      with bismuth subsalicylate (4 X 30 ml/day, corresponding to 4 X 314 mg Bi3+) for
      three weeks. In 20 patients (95%) Campylobacter pylori (CP) was found in at least
      two of three examinations (culture, CLO quick-test, special histology). After the
      treatment 17 of 21 patients (81%) were CP negative, and the clinical symptoms had
      gradually disappeared. The histologically demonstrated degree of activity had
      regressed significantly after the three-week treatment; in 90% of patients the
      inflammatory process had completely abated. These results demonstrate that
      bismuth subsalicylate is highly effective in the acute treatment of CP-associated
      chronic erosive gastritis.

PMID- 3378502
TI  - [Fatal consequences of fructose infusion in undiagnosed fructose intolerance].
AB  - A 13-year-old girl with previously undiagnosed fructose intolerance was operated
      on for acute appendicitis. Postoperatively she received several infusions
      containing fructose or sorbitol. Haematemesis occurred on the fourth
      postoperative day, as well as tarry stools and jaundice. Blood sugar was 2 mg/100
      ml, Quick test 3%, liver enzymes were markedly elevated, serum bilirubin was over
      9 mg/100 ml, and there was a metabolic acidosis. Despite intensive treatment,
      including haemodialysis and plasmapheresis, she died on the 11th postoperative
      day.

PMID- 3378503
TI  - [Surgery of acute pancreatitis. A problem of retroperitoneal sepsis?].
AB  - Of 99 patients with acute pancreatitis 31 had to be operated upon. Surgical
      intervention was indicated if, in the presence of pancreatic necrosis
      demonstrated by computed tomography, clinical evidence of sepsis developed. The
      operation was performed on average ten days after the onset of symptoms. Evidence
      of bacterial contamination of the pancreatic necrosis was obtained in 26
      patients. The operation consisted of left pancreatic resection with formation of
      a left compartment. Four of the 31 operated patients died (12.9%).

PMID- 3378504
TI  - [Ethylene glycol poisoning].
AB  - A 63-year-old man with arterial hypertension suffered from depression and
      suicidal wish after a cerebrovascular accident and transitory left hemiparesis.
      He was urgently admitted to hospital in severe metabolic acidosis which caused
      renal failure and coma, ending fatally within two days. At necropsy calcium
      oxalate crystals were found in the renal tubules and cerebral vessel walls with
      chemically induced meningoencephalitis. From these findings glycol poisoning was
      diagnosed. There was a lethal concentration of ethylene glycol in the urine. The
      toxic effects of ethylene glycol are due to its metabolites. The oxalate crystals
      are primarily of diagnostic importance.

PMID- 3378505
TI  - [Atypical anisakiasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].
AB  - Gastric anisakiasis was an incidental finding on gastroscopy of a 48-year-old man
      known to have AIDS. At that time the patient had been symptom-free, the test
      having been performed to check on an ulcerative Candida oesophagitis. The
      Anisakis larva was extracted through the gastroscope and there has been no
      recurrence. The history suggested a chronic course. The unusual absence of
      symptoms suggests that the immunodeficiency had influenced the pathogenesis of
      the parasitic disease.

PMID- 3378507
TI  - [Binding force of a patient's will for a physician].

PMID- 3378506
TI  - [Condylomata acuminata gigantea (Buschke-Lowenstein tumor). Treatment with the
      CO2 laser and interferon].
AB  - CO2 laser resection of giant condylomata acuminata of the penis, histologically
      confirmed, was successfully achieved with excellent cosmetic results in a 58-year
      old man, penis amputation having previously been advised. Postoperative
      recurrence has been prevented, for six months so far, with low-dose, systemic
      administration of alpha-2b interferon.

PMID- 3378509
TI  - Acute toxicity and primary irritation of para-tertiary butylphenol.
AB  - Para-tertiary butylphenol [(PTBP); the Union Carbide Corporation trademark for
      this chemical is UCAR Butylphenol 4-T Flake] has applications as a raw material
      in the manufacture of resins and also as an industrial intermediate. Acute
      peroral LD50 values (95% confidence limits) of 5.4 (3.6-7.9) g/kg and 3.6 (3.0
      4.4) g/kg were obtained for male and female albino rats, respectively. Occluded
      cutaneous applications of moistened PTBP at 16 g/kg for 24 hr produced no
      mortalities in male or female rabbits, but signs of local toxicity and irritation
      were apparent at the site of application. A 6 hr exposure to a substantially
      saturated vapor under static conditions produced no mortality, while a 4 hr
      exposure to a dynamically generated respirable dust aerosol at a concentration of
      5.6 mg/L produced 20% mortality. Occluded dermal contact (4 hr) with 0.5 g
      moistened PTBP produced a range of effects from no reaction to necrosis. PTBP
      placed in the conjunctival sac of rabbits produced severe ocular injury which
      generally persisted for 21 days after exposure. The major hazard associated with
      acute exposure to PTBP appears to be the irritation produced by dermal or ocular
      contact.

PMID- 3378508
TI  - Trichlorobenzenes: results of a thirteen week feeding study in the rat.
AB  - Trichlorobenzenes (TRCBs) are industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants
      found in Great Lakes fish. The present study was carried out to provide
      information on the toxic effects of these chemicals in mammals. Groups of male
      and female weanling rats were fed diets containing TRCB isomers at 1, 10, 100 or
      1000 ppm for 13 weeks. The group of males fed 1000 ppm 1,2,3-TRCB diet had
      reduced weight gain. No other clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Increased
      relative liver and kidney weights occurred in the highest dose groups of males
      for all 3 TRCBs. Of the 3 isomers, only 1,2,4-TRCB at 1000 ppm caused increases
      in hepatic aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in male
      rats, and aminopyrine demethylase in females. Serum biochemical and hematological
      parameters measured were not affected. All three TRCBs produced histological
      changes of a moderate degree in the liver and thyroid of male rats at 1,000 ppm.
      Only 1,3,5-TRCB elicited moderate renal changes in male rats fed 1,000 ppm.
      Microscopic changes in the females were generally milder than those of the
      corresponding males. Based on these data it was concluded that the nonobservable
      adverse effect levels for the three TRCBs were 100 ppm in the diet, or 7.6
      approximately 7.8 mg/kg b.w./day depending on the dietary consumption.

PMID- 3378510
TI  - Dietary iron and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced alterations in
      hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione content and body weight.
AB  - The effects of various levels of dietary iron on hepatic lipid peroxidation
      (malondialdehyde [MDA] content), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase
      (GSH-PX) activity as well as liver and body weights of female rats following TCDD
      administration were examined. Rats were fed diets containing deficient (6 ppm),
      normal (35 ppm) and supplemented (120 ppm) iron for 17, 24 and 31 days. 2,3,7,8
      Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 40 micrograms/kg/day P.O.) in corn oil or the
      vehicle was given on days 9, 8 and 7 prior to sacrifice. TCDD treatment produced
      a 3-fold increase in hepatic MDA content in animals on normal iron diet. TCDD
      administration failed to increased MDA content in iron deficient animals. In the
      iron supplemented groups, TCDD resulted in 2.5 fold increases in lipid
      peroxidation. Dietary iron had no effect on hepatic GSH-PX activity. Animals on
      the iron deficient diet had 12-21% decreases in hepatic GSH content. TCDD
      administration resulted in 15-22% decreases in GSH content in animals on the
      control and iron supplemented diets. TCDD treatment resulted in significant
      decreases in body weights of animals on all 3 diets. TCDD induced lipid
      peroxidation appears to be iron dependent. However, the loss in body weight due
      to TCDD toxicity may not be dependent on lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 3378511
TI  - Chelation in metal intoxication. XXVII: Chelating agents containing vicinal
      thioether groups as antidotes of lead toxicity.
AB  - The chelating agents containing vicinal thioether groups viz. 4,5-dicarboxy-3,6
      dithiaoctanedioic acid (DMSA), disodium-3,6-dithia - 1,8-octanediol-4,5
      dicarboxylate (DMES) and 2,9 diamino- 5,6 dicarboxy-4,7 dithiadecanedioic acid
      (DCSA) were about equally effective but far more effective than pounds-mercapto-
      beta -(2-thienyl) acrylic acid (MTA) in enhancing excretion of lead, reversing
      certain Pb induced biochemical alterations and mobilizing tissue Pb in poisoned
      rats. The results indicate that vicinal thioether groups participate in chelation
      of Pb. However, none of them could decrease brain Pb. Owing to their water
      solubility, low toxicity and ability to chelate toxic metals, the chelators with
      vicinal thioether groups appear as promising antidotes of Pb intoxication.

PMID- 3378512
TI  - Antagonistic effect of zinc in lead treated developing chick embryos.
AB  - Lead (50 micrograms) and zinc (100 & 200 micrograms) alone and in combination,
      were injected on 7th day of incubation into the yolk sac of developing chick
      embryos. The deformities induced by Pb alone included reduced hatchability,
      growth retardation, hydrocephalus, defective beak and legs, microphthalmia,
      anophthalmia and curling of hair. The concurrent exposure with Zn (200
      micrograms), however, provided a remarkable protection against lead induced
      deformities, reflected in terms of almost normal development of chick embryos
      with increased hatchability and lower incidences of malformations, and mortality.

PMID- 3378513
TI  - Fixed combination of atenolol and nifedipine in cardiovascular medicine. Partial
      proceedings of a workshop. London, 21 January, 1987.

PMID- 3378514
TI  - Aims of combination therapy--improved quality of life or better blood pressure
      control?
AB  - The combination of nifedipine and atenolol must be evaluated in terms of risks
      and benefits to the hypertensive patient. Disadvantages with single-agent therapy
      justify trials of combination regimens. beta-Blockers may be unacceptable to some
      patients because of gastrointestinal upset, musculoskeletal symptoms, tiredness,
      malaise, insomnia, depression or confusion, sweating, breathlessness or cold
      extremities. The side effect profile varies from patient to patient and between
      different beta-blockers. Calcium antagonists also have characteristic side
      effects, including severe headaches, flushing and oedema, tachycardia and
      possibly worrying palpitations, and polyuria. Combining a calcium antagonist and
      a beta-blocker can reduce some side effects; for example, tachycardia is offset
      by addition of beta-blocker to calcium antagonist therapy, and beta-blocker
      induced cold extremities may be reversed with a drug such as nifedipine.
      Moreover, the antihypertensive efficacy is increased, which is useful in
      previously resistant patients. However, an excessive fall in blood pressure is a
      possible adverse effect of the combination. There is also the possibility of
      precipitating heart failure in patients with cardiomegaly and severely
      compromised left ventricular function. The combination of nifedipine and atenolol
      was evaluated in 25 patients in a randomised, crossover trial following a month's
      treatment with atenolol 50mg twice daily. Patients received either atenolol 50mg
      twice daily alone, or atenolol 50mg twice daily with sustained release nifedipine
      20mg or 40mg twice daily, or placebo twice daily during three 4-week treatment
      periods. Additional antihypertensive benefit was obtained by addition of the low
      dose of nifedipine compared with atenolol alone, but no further advantage was
      obtained with the higher nifedipine dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3378515
TI  - Treatment of hypertension with a combination of nifedipine and atenolol compared
      with atenolol alone. Preliminary report.

PMID- 3378516
TI  - Tolerability, safety and dosage of a fixed combination of sustained release
      nifedipine plus atenolol.

PMID- 3378517
TI  - The neurological condition of the newborn infant with maternal hypertension,
      examined at term.
AB  - The aim of this prospective study was to examine the effect of maternal
      hypertension on the neurological condition of the newborn infant. Of the babies
      born between April 1984 and March 1986, 54 preterm, 151 full-term AGA and 24 full
      term SGA neonates with maternal hypertension were compared, respectively, with
      128 preterm, 144 full-term AGA and 73 full-term SGA neonates without maternal
      hypertension. Preterms were examined at term +/- 1 week and full-term neonates at
      3-5 days postpartum by the Dubowitz method (Clinics in Developmental Medicine,
      Vol. 79, Heinemann, London, 1981). The respective full-term groups differed
      mostly in regard to movement and tone, with preterm groups differing in the
      predominant state and in auditory orientation. The differences were clearest
      between preterm AGA groups. The neurological condition of the infants was
      affected more by pre-eclampsia than by hypertension as such. Statistical analysis
      was carried out with the t-test, chi2-test and stepwise discriminant analysis.

PMID- 3378518
TI  - Maternal tactile behaviour correlated with mother and newborn infant
      characteristics.
AB  - Filmed observations of spontaneous interactions between mothers and their newborn
      infants (N = 50) were used to quantify the occurrences, duration and frequency of
      maternal tactile behaviours (stroking, kissing, touching the clothes, etc.). The
      analysis of the data shows that these maternal behaviours vary from one mother to
      another according to the activities of the newborn infant (sleeping, arousal but
      not feeding, feeding) and to different biological (sex of the infant,
      birthweight) and social (socio-economic status of the mother) variables. These
      results would suggest discussion topics concerning the differences between the
      mother-infant interaction systems.

PMID- 3378519
TI  - Thyroid function in very preterm infants.
AB  - Indices of thyroid function were measured in 108 infants born at 23-31 weeks
      gestation, after birth, at 24 and 72 h, and at 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age.
      This group was characterised by low serum thyroxine (T4), normal thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH), low-normal thyroid binding globulin (TBG), low free
      thyroxine index (FTI) and low triiodothyronine (T3). The incidence of
      hypothyroxinaemia defined as a serum T4 value of less than 65 nmol/l was 58%
      after birth, increasing to 84% at 1 week, after which there was progressive
      reduction to 36% by 6 weeks of age. Mean T4 values were inversely proportional to
      gestational age during this study period. Infants of 23-28 weeks gestation had
      significantly lower T4, TBG, FTI and T3 values compared to those of 29-31 weeks
      gestation. Infants who had hyaline membrane disease (HMD) had significantly lower
      T4 and FTI values compared to those without HMD for up to 3 weeks of age. Similar
      differences were found between deaths and survivors in the first week after
      birth. This study suggests that there is increasing delay in maturation of the
      hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis control with increasing prematurity. In
      addition, the data suggest that infants who were extremely preterm or those with
      HMD had worse and more persistent abnormalities of thyroid function secondary to
      their illness and metabolic stress. The significance of our findings, in
      particular that of prolonged hypothyroxinaemia, is uncertain. The role of thyroid
      replacement therapy in these very preterm infants therefore need to be assessed
      with a randomised clinical trial.

PMID- 3378520
TI  - Pulmonary surfactant. I. In immature and mature babies.
AB  - Lung surfactant was obtained by postmortem lavage from: (A) premature babies: 34
      dying acutely within 2 days of birth from Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD), 20
      dying several days after birth with HMD and its consequences, 8 dying from causes
      other than HMD; (B) mature babies: 24 dying stillborn, 15 dying soon after birth
      and 16 dying between 2 weeks and 1 year of age with minimal lung pathology. The
      phospholipid composition of the surfactant was analysed. Compared to the
      surfactant of babies dying acutely from HMD, that of the babies dying later from
      HMD contained significantly higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
      significantly lower proportions of sphingomyelin while that of the mature babies
      contained significantly higher proportions of PC and phosphatidylglycerol but
      significantly lower proportions of sphingomyelin and combined
      phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. The surfactant of premature babies
      dying of causes other than HMD was similar and intermediate to that of both
      groups of babies dying from HMD. The PC fraction composition of the surfactant of
      the babies dying acutely from HMD contained significantly lower proportions of
      the disaturated fraction than those of the babies dying later from HMD, stillborn
      babies or mature babies.

PMID- 3378521
TI  - Pulmonary surfactant. II. In sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - The lung surfactant phospholipid composition of lavage samples from 102 babies
      dying from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) (one-third with minor signs of
      inflammation) was compared with that of: 34 babies dying from Hyaline Membrane
      Disease (HMD), 15 mature babies dying soon after birth, 16 mature babies dying in
      the same age range as the sudden infant death syndrome cases, 13 babies dying
      from pneumonia and 6 from septicaemia. The surfactant of the two groups of babies
      dying from SIDS was identical and approximated that obtained from babies dying
      from HMD, pneumonia or septicaemia. Compared to that obtained from mature babies,
      the surfactant of babies dying from SIDS contained significantly lower
      proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and significantly higher proportions of
      lyso-PC and sphingomyelin. The proportion of disaturated PC was similar to that
      of the surfactant of the age-matched mature babies. The surfactant composition of
      the babies dying from SIDS did not change appreciably after death nor vary with
      age at death. The surfactant phospholipid composition of postmortem samples from
      mature babies was similar to that of aspirates from living babies and infants and
      to that of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from living adults.

PMID- 3378522
TI  - Neurological development of small-for-gestational age babies during the first
      year of life.
AB  - 137 small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants were examined in the neonatal period
      and at 2, 6 and 12 months. At each age a structured assessment was used for which
      a score denoting neurological maturation could be given. The SGA infants were
      significantly retarded compared with average-for-gestational age (AGA) infants
      from 2 months onwards. Within the SGA group the mean scores for boys, those who
      were first-born, breast-fed and/or born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy
      were in each case significantly higher than the rest at 6 and 12 months. Maternal
      smoking influenced all aspects of development at 12 months; whereas sex and
      method of infant feeding mainly affected the motor items, and birth order only
      those that were socially oriented. Positive associations were found between
      changes in somatic measures and changes in neurological scores from birth through
      to 6 months. Infants who grew faster also matured faster during this period of
      time, and vice versa. Positive correlations were found between size and scores at
      2 and 6 months, but not at 12 months.

PMID- 3378523
TI  - Congenital defects and the care of low birthweight infants.
AB  - Proportions of infants of birthweight 501-2000 g born in 1979-1981 who had
      defects recognisable at birth were ascertained by examining hospital records and
      tracing survivors. Twenty-seven per cent of 230 stillbirths, 8.4% of 1411
      livebirths, 4.5% of 1117 neonatal survivors and 3.6% of 1074 two-year survivors
      had a congenital defect, birth prevalence rising with lower birthweight only in
      stillbirths. Among livebirths, birth prevalence was increased in growth retarded
      infants, in singletons and in infants of mothers who had not had a previous
      reproductive loss. Twenty-four per cent and 57% of neonatal deaths in the 1001
      1500 g and 1501-2000 g birthweight groups respectively were associated with a
      congenital defect. Major neurological impairments were directly attributable to
      congenital defects in 10% of 71 survivors; surgery and hospital admissions were
      far more frequent in infants with congenital defects than others. The 1501-2000 g
      group accounted for 77% of all survivors with a congenital defect. Further
      improvements in the prognosis of low birthweight infants will depend to a large
      extent on prenatal prevention of disease.

PMID- 3378524
TI  - The effects of brain bilirubin deposition on auditory brain stem evoked responses
      in rats.
AB  - Auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABR) in newborn infants are altered by
      elevated serum bilirubin levels and may be used as an indicator of bilirubin
      toxicity. The hypothesis of our study was that hyperbilirubinemia may affect
      ABR's because of bilirubin deposition in the brain stem. We examined this
      hypothesis by studying 21 male adult rats divided into three groups: group A,
      control (n = 8); group B, low bilirubin (n = 6); and group C, high bilirubin (n =
      7). Each experimental group was studied over 150 min. The control group received
      a buffer solution. The low bilirubin group received a low dose bilirubin bolus of
      50 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion of 20 mg/kg/h. The high bilirubin group
      received a bolus of 100 mg/kg bilirubin followed by continuous infusion of 40
      mg/kg/h. All groups received sulfisoxazole (50 mg/kg X 3) during the second hour
      of the study. Auditory evoked potentials were recorded at 0 and 150 min. At the
      end of the study, the brains were analyzed for bilirubin content. Bilirubin
      deposition in the 3 groups was 0.6 +/- 0.28 micrograms/g, 0.93 +/- 0.07
      micrograms/g and 3.2 +/- 2.2 micrograms/g for the control, low bilirubin and high
      bilirubin groups, respectively. Bilirubin deposition in the brain was associated
      with a significant amplitude reduction of Wave I and III, but had no effect on
      absolute latencies and interpeak latencies. Very high brain bilirubin
      concentrations were associated with absence of Waves I and IV. Wave I was also
      significantly reduced in the low bilirubin group where there was slightly
      increased bilirubin deposition in the brain. We conclude that ABR changes in the
      form of wave amplitude reduction were associated with brain stem and cerebellum
      bilirubin deposition. We speculate that previously reported observations of
      abnormal ABR changes in hyperbilirubinemic newborn infants are associated with
      bilirubin deposition.

PMID- 3378525
TI  - Head growth and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with intracranial
      haemorrhage and leukomalacia.
AB  - Head growth was correlated with outcome in 12 infants with major intracranial
      haemorrhages and in 9 with extensive cystic leukomalacia. Decreasing head growth
      was associated with a poor neurodevelopmental outcome whereas a normally growing
      head did not necessarily correlate with a normal outcome.

PMID- 3378526
TI  - The development of colonic transport mechanisms in early life: evidence for
      reduced anion exchange.
AB  - An anion exchange mechanism exists in colonic mucosa whereby chloride is absorbed
      and bicarbonate secreted. Using an in vivo non-equilibrium dialysis method we
      investigated rectal electrolyte movement in preterm neonates and older children.
      Our results show that anion exchange is poorly developed in infancy and appears
      to be absent in premature neonates, and suggest that complete maturation of this
      mechanism is not present until the end of the first year of life. This may render
      the young infant, and more especially the preterm infant, more susceptible to
      chloride depletion.

PMID- 3378527
TI  - Catecholamine and blood pressure levels in paralysed preterm ventilated infants.
AB  - The effect of pancuronium administration on catecholamine levels and blood
      pressure was investigated. Noradrenaline levels prior to paralysis amongst
      infants fighting the ventilator were high, but were significantly reduced
      following treatment with pancuronium. There was no significant change in either
      blood pressure or adrenaline levels. Increasing peak inspiratory pressure
      (approx. 4 cmH2O) immediately prior to paralysis effectively prevented the
      hypoventilation previously associated with the administration of the first dose
      of pancuronium.

PMID- 3378529
TI  - Is the raised metabolic rate of the small for gestation infant due to his
      relatively large brain size.
AB  - Oxygen consumption at different stages of vigilance, and for the whole 24 h, was
      measured in 13 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 16 appropriate-for-age (AGA)
      premature infants at ages of 4-25 days. Brain weight was calculated from head
      circumference measurements and expressed as percentage of body weight and was
      found to be significantly higher in SGA infants than AGA ones (14% +/- 2.1 (S.D.)
      in the SGA and 12.3% +/- 1.5 (S.D.) in the AGA infants). Metabolic rate (MR) was
      calculated and expressed as kcal/centimetre head circumference, kcal/g brain wt.
      and kcal/kg body wt. Whereas MR expressed in kg body wt. was significantly higher
      in SGA infants than in AGA ones, no difference could be detected in the values
      when MR was expressed as kcal/cm head circumference, or MR/g brain wt. The
      difference that exists in the metabolic rates between SGA and AGA infants can be
      minimised by using head circumference as a reference. Therefore, the apparently
      high MR found in SGA infants in the neonatal period can be attributed, in a major
      way, to their relatively large brain size.

PMID- 3378528
TI  - Children with diabetes mellitus: perception of their behavioural problems by
      parents and teachers.
AB  - The behaviour of 127 children with diabetes mellitus aged 8-16 years was assessed
      by their parents and teachers using a well established screening device and
      compared to that of 51 non-diabetic children. Twenty five per cent of the
      diabetics were perceived by their parents to be disturbed compared to only 14% of
      the controls. The proportion perceived to be disturbed by their teachers was
      similar in the two groups but more diabetics than controls were perceived by both
      parents and teachers to be disturbed. No relationship was found between the
      extent of the behaviour problems recorded and the control of the diabetes, as
      measured by glycosylated haemoglobin, the child's age, the child's age at
      diagnosis or the duration of the diabetes. However, the children with the younger
      parents at diagnosis tended to be perceived by their parents as having more
      behaviour problems, as were the diabetics from families facing the most social
      problems. The families more knowledgeable about diabetes were less likely to have
      disturbed children.

PMID- 3378530
TI  - Retinal hemorrhages and traction forces in vacuum extraction.
AB  - The relationship between the traction forces used in 53 clinically indicated
      vacuum extractions and the incidence and degree of retinal hemorrhages observed
      in the neonates within 24 hours after birth was examined. A Vacuum Extractor
      Recorder (Type SF 30, Knick), was used to measure the traction force necessary
      for delivery of the fetal head. No relationship could be demonstrated between the
      force time integral and the appearance and grading of retinal bleedings.

PMID- 3378531
TI  - Follow-up study of psychological consequences of caesarean childbirth.
AB  - This study was the follow-up part of a survey of psychosocial consequences of
      caesarean delivery (J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol., 6 (1987) 197-209). Two groups
      of primiparous mothers were compared, one group of 103 mothers delivered by
      caesarean section and one control group of 103 mothers delivered by vaginal
      delivery. Semi-structured questionnaires were mailed at 2 months and 1 year after
      birth to explore the mothers' physiological and psychological condition and
      mother-infant adaptation. At 2 months, 92 mothers in the caesarean section group
      and 84 mothers in the control group returned a completed questionnaire. At one
      year there were, respectively, 79 and 71 in each group. The data indicated that
      the most obvious long-term psychological ill-effects of caesarean delivery
      appeared to be on mothers. They more often reported psychosomatic symptoms during
      first year than controls. At 2 months the concerns of caesarean mothers seemed
      more self-oriented than in the control group. They also felt less confident about
      their abilities to care for their babies. At 1 year these differences
      disappeared. Signs of disturbance in mother-infant interaction were not linked to
      the mode of delivery either at 2 months or at 1 year. The influence of the mode
      of anaesthesia for surgical delivery was also examined. The positive consequences
      of epidural analgesia which were observed are discussed taking into account the
      role of confounding variables.

PMID- 3378532
TI  - Body movements during sleep in healthy and neurologically damaged infants.
AB  - The body movements of sixteen healthy and twenty-one neurologically damaged
      infants were recorded during sleep on the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB). The
      SCSB method allows long-term monitoring of body movements, respiration and
      ballistocardiogram. Different body movement variables were estimated at the ages
      of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The results showed a constant duration and
      number of body movements during active and quiet sleep at each studied age both
      in healthy and neurologically damaged infants. A decreasing tendency in the
      number of body movements could only be seen if no differentiation between sleep
      states was made. No statistically significant differences were found between
      healthy and neurologically damaged infants in any of the variables. The results
      suggest that quantitative changes--the duration and number--in motor patterns
      during sleep are inadequate criteria for differentiation between healthy and
      neurologically damaged infants.

PMID- 3378533
TI  - Uptake and excretion of inorganic mercury in the lobster Homarus gammarus (L.)
      White 1847: long-term effects of exposure to low levels of the metal.
AB  - The uptake and accumulation of inorganic mercury by lobsters, from seawater
      containing levels of 10 to 100 ppb, was studied over periods of up to 50 days,
      using radiochemical neutron activation analysis. These results were amplified by
      the use of radioisotope tracer experiments. It was found that the gills and the
      green glands accumulated the most mercury and that the metal could be excreted
      via the urine. Histological studies showed that long-term exposure to mercury
      resulted in progressive necrosis of the green glands, whereas other organs were
      unaffected.

PMID- 3378534
TI  - Studies on the effect of tetrandrine on microtubules. I. Biochemical observation
      and electron microscopy.
AB  - Microtubules were purified by using two cycles of assembly and disassembly
      processes on fresh brain homogenates from 30 guinea pigs. The yield was about 60
      mg. The effect of tetrandrine on tubulin was determined by spectrophotometric
      analysis and electron microscopy. In addition, we used the indirect
      immunofluorescent method including tubulin antibody to locate the presence of
      microtubules in 3T3 cells by fluorescence microscopy. The effects of colchicine
      and P204 were studied for comparison at the same time. The results showed that
      colchicine can effectively depolymerize microtubules, while tetrandrine showed
      aggregation, and in a different manner. The shape and structure of microtubules
      were definitely destroyed by colchicine, but were not affected by P204 which
      protected against the destructive effect of tetrandrine. This result indicated
      the safety of using a combination of P204 and tetrandrine in the treatment of
      silicosis.

PMID- 3378535
TI  - Branchial pathogenesis in a freshwater fish, Puntius conchonius Ham., chronically
      exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium.
AB  - Effects of sublethal concentrations, 630 and 840 micrograms/liter (0.05 and 0.066
      fractions of the 96-hr LC50), of cadmium chloride on the gills of a freshwater
      fish, Puntius conchonius, were examined light microscopically during a 12-week
      exposure. The secondary gill lamellae showed disrupted epithelium, necrosis,
      accumulation of cellular debris, capillary congestion, and wilting of the pillar
      cell system. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of chloride cells as well as partial or
      complete fusion of secondary lamellae also occurred in the Cd-exposed fish.
      Branchial lesions together with coagulation film anoxia are likely to result in
      serious respiratory distress and related tissue hypoxia.

PMID- 3378536
TI  - Toxicity of an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, to a
      freshwater fish, Rita rita: determination of LC50 values by different methods.
AB  - LC50 values and their 95% confidence limits for various intervals of exposure to
      an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, have been determined using
      recommended methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are
      discussed in light of the variations in the values. Different visible behaviors
      of the fish under the influence of the detergent have also been explained.

PMID- 3378537
TI  - Impact of detergents on the protein histochemistry of various cell types of the
      gill epithelium of Rita rita.
AB  - Fish, Rita rita, were exposed to an anionic detergent, dodecylbenzene sodium
      sulfonate, 6.9 mg per litre of tap water (96-hr LC50 of the detergent). A gradual
      decrease in the protein constituents of the major cell types, viz, the epithelial
      cells and the goblet mucous cells in the epithelium lining the gill arch, gill
      filament, and club cells present only in the gill arch epithelium has been
      observed by using a series of histochemical techniques.

PMID- 3378539
TI  - Impact of endosulfan (thiodan) EC 35 on behavior and dynamics of oocyte
      development in the teleostean fish, Colisa (Trichogaster) fasciatus.
AB  - Histomorphological responses of the ovary of a freshwater percoid fish, Colisa
      (T.) fasciatus, to endosulfan or thiodan EC 35 treatment, a popular pesticide,
      have been described. In addition, general behavioral changes of the fishes after
      treatment have also been recorded. Adult sexually mature females were used in the
      present study and all fish were in the prespawning phase of the ovarian cycle.
      The experiment was conducted under natural room temperature and day-night length
      for 30 days. Experimental fish were maintained in 1 ppm endosulfan solution,
      which was changed on alternate days after feeding with minced goat liver. Treated
      fish revealed that (a) the ovarian activity was retarded; (b) the ovarian wall
      became thicker; (c) the diameter of oogonia and stage I oocytes was not altered
      but that of stage II and III oocytes was greatly reduced; (d) the percentage of
      oogonia, stage I, and atretic oocytes increased considerably but that of stage II
      and III oocytes diminished significantly; and (e) yolk in the stage III oocytes
      appeared clumped and damaged.

PMID- 3378538
TI  - Modulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the selected tissues of marine prawn,
      Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards), under phosphamidon-induced stress.
AB  - Changes in carbohydrate metabolism were studied in midgut gland, muscle, and gill
      tissues of marine prawn Penaeus indicus exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.3
      ppm) of phosphamidon. A significant decrease in glycogen and pyruvate and an
      increase in lactate content were observed in all phosphamidon-exposed prawn
      tissues after 96 hr. An increase in phosphorylase a and aldolase activity levels
      suggested the increased formation of triose sugars during phosphamidon toxicity.
      LDH activity was considerably decreased and an increment in lactate content was
      observed which indicates reduced mobilization of pyruvate into the citric acid
      cycle. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was considerably increased,
      suggesting the enhanced oxidation of glucose in the hexose monophosphate shunt
      pathway. Krebs cycle enzymes such as NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate
      dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were found to be decreased, suggesting
      the impairment in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism due to the acute toxic
      impact of phosphamidon. Cytochrome-c oxidase and Mg2+ ATPase activity levels were
      also decreased considerably, suggesting impaired energy synthesis and breakdown
      during phosphamidon toxicity, as a result of reduced oxidation of glucose
      aerobically. The increase in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities indicates
      the enhanced breakdown of phosphate to release energy in view of inhibiton or
      impairment in the ATPase system during phosphamidon-induced stress. These results
      suggest that phosphamidon has a profound effect on the oxidative metabolism of
      prawn which results in the triggering of compensatory metabolic pathways for
      survivability.

PMID- 3378540
TI  - The bioavailability of sediment-sorbed chlorobenzenes to larvae of the midge,
      Chironomus decorus.
AB  - Larval stages of the midge, Chironomus decorus, were used to define the
      bioaccumulation of sediment-sorbed mono-, di-, tri-, and hexachlorobenzene.
      Larvae were exposed to high- and low-organic-content sediments that had been
      equilibrated with individual radiolabeled chlorobenzenes prior to testing.
      Equilibrium or nonequilibrium aqueous concentrations of the volatile test
      chemicals were flowed through sealed chambers in a sediment-water exposure
      system. The uptake of chlorobenzenes by midge larvae was rapid for all compounds
      tested, and apparent steady-state conditions were reached within 48 hr of
      exposure. Bioconcentration factors for the accumulation of chlorobenzenes from
      sediments and from interstitial and overlying waters were related to the
      octanol/water partition coefficients of the compounds. Because the diffusion of
      chlorobenzenes to overlying water during nonequilibrium flow through conditions
      was very slow, bioaccumulation was dependent on the concentration of the
      chemicals in interstitial water. These results show how benthic organisms may be
      able to accumulate significant levels of chlorinated aromatic compounds from
      ecosystems where their concentrations in the water column are relatively low.

PMID- 3378541
TI  - Net citrate production by isolated prostate epithelial cells.
AB  - The net production of citrate from exogenous substrates by rat ventral prostate
      was investigated. The preparation of isolated prostate epithelial cells was
      described. These cells were capable of oxidizing pyruvate (5 mmol/l) as a source
      of acetyl coenzyme A. The addition of aspartate + alpha-ketoglutarate (5 mmol/l)
      in the presence of pyruvate resulted in significant net production of citrate and
      excess oxalacetate. In the presence of aspartate and glutamate, the cells were
      capable of producing citrate without excessive oxalacetate production. Neither
      glucose alone nor glucose plus pyruvate resulted in net citrate production. The
      results demonstrated that aspartate could serve as a 4-carbon source of
      oxalacetate for citrate synthesis. Furthermore, the results indicate the
      intramitochondrial operation of a glutamate-aspartate-citrate pathway involving
      mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and glutamic dehydrogenase activities in
      prostate epithelial cells.

PMID- 3378542
TI  - Estimation of lean body mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to
      skinfold anthropometry.
AB  - Estimation of lean body mass (LBM) is an important procedure in nutritional
      assessment and the availability of a rapid, portable and reproducible method
      would be desirable for this purpose. At present, only bioelectrical impedance
      analysis (BIA) and skinfold anthropometry are applicable for clinical use. We
      compared the prediction of LBM by these two methods in 80 subjects stratified
      into four subgroups by body mass index (BMI): lean, normal, obese and super
      obese. Highly significant correlation coefficients (r greater than 0.92, P less
      than 0.001) were seen for all subgroups with a mean difference between techniques
      LBManthro-LBMBIA/LBManthro X 100) of less than 1 kg or 1 per cent error. A
      greater s.d. and error was noted in the super-obese (BMI greater than or equal to
      40.0). Fifteen subjects had measurements repeated after a mean weight loss of 10
      per cent. Although mean difference between methods was not statistically
      significant, there was a large individual variation. It is concluded that there
      is an excellent agreement between the estimation of LBM by bioelectrical
      impedance and skinfold anthropometry in the weight-stable subject.

PMID- 3378543
TI  - Changes in body composition in adolescent boys.
AB  - Changes in body composition were studied at age 10 and 13 years in 47 healthy
      school children of the Glasgow area. When seen at age 13, 22 had reached a total
      puberty rating (TPR) greater than 4 while the other 25 had a TPR less than 4. On
      relating body composition at age 10 with that observed at age 13 for the earlier
      maturing and later maturing boys it is clear that during this age period there
      are very fast and dynamic changes in body composition that can be characterized
      as a 'fat-wave' where children gain weight on a tissue that is almost 40 per cent
      fat, followed by the 'growth spurt' where they gain tissue that is almost 100 per
      cent lean mass while using up some of their body fat. Knowledge of this event is
      of importance for interpreting nutrition and body composition data in this age
      group especially when inter-social or inter-ethnic comparisons are being made.
      Some case observations suggest that the magnitude and direction of these changes
      in body composition can be influenced by environmental modulators, especially
      diet and physical activity.

PMID- 3378544
TI  - Energy expenditure over 24 hours, thermal comfort and fat-free mass in Asian men.
AB  - Energy expenditure while sitting or sleeping was measured over 24 h in eight
      young Asian immigrants to France by a suit calorimeter and also by continuous
      measurement of respiratory gas exchange. Fat-free mass (FFM) was estimated from
      skinfold measurements. The energy intake per kilogram FFM of the Asians was
      similar to a group of well-off North Americans of larger body size but similar
      body composition who had been the subjects of an earlier study. In both groups
      thermoneutrality was controlled by adjusting the circulating water temperature of
      the suit calorimeter according to the subjects' preferences. The hourly energy
      expenditure/kg FFM was 1.2 kcal during sleep and 1.7 kcal while sitting. The mean
      energy expenditure/kg FFM during a quiet day was 37 kcal/d or 1.5 kcal/h. Using
      published equations, the estimated BMR was 1490 kcal (6.2 MJ). This estimated
      value agrees quite well with the BMRs of these subjects as previously determined.
      In the metabolic room the daily sedentary energy expenditure averaged 1.15 BMR
      and the energy intake averaged 1.26 BMR for the study subjects in free-living
      conditions in an urban environment. This is below the 1.4 X BMR currently
      recommended as a 'minimum' energy intake for subjects of low activity.

PMID- 3378545
TI  - Gallbladder motor function in obese versus lean females.
AB  - Gallbladder motility was studied in 18 obese women and in 18 lean females by
      means of an ultrasonographic method. The fasted and meal-stimulated gallbladder
      volumes as well as the amount of the ejected bile were significantly larger in
      the obese when compared to the lean controls. A significant positive correlation
      was found between the fasted or meal-stimulated gallbladder volume and the body
      mass as well as the obesity indices (the absolute overweight and body mass
      index). Moreover, the amount of the ejected bile correlated significantly with
      the fasted gallbladder volume. The results suggest that altered gallbladder
      motility should be considered a risk factor accounting for the increased
      incidence of gallstones in the obese.

PMID- 3378546
TI  - Energy-nitrogen balances and protein turnover in small and appropriate for
      gestational age low birthweight infants.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to compare, under the same nursing conditions,
      the energy-nitrogen balance and the protein turnover in small for gestational age
      (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) low birthweight infants. We
      compared 8 SGA's (mean +/- s.d.: gestational age 35 +/- 2 weeks, birthweight 1520
      +/- 330 g) to 11 AGA premature infants (32 +/- 2 weeks, birthweight 1560 +/- 240
      g). When their rate of weight gain was above 15 g/kg/d (17.6 +/- 3.0 and 18.2 +/-
      2.6 g/kg/d, mean postnatal age 18 +/- 10 and 20 +/- 9 d respectively) they were
      studied with respect to their metabolizable energy intake, their energy
      expenditure, their energy and protein gain and their protein turnover. Energy
      balance was assessed by the difference between metabolizable energy and energy
      expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry. Protein gain was calculated from
      the amount of retained nitrogen. Protein turnover was estimated by a stable
      isotope enrichment technique using repeated nasogastric administration of 15N
      glycine for 72 h. Although there was no difference in their metabolizable energy
      intakes (110 +/- 12 versus 108 +/- 11 kcal/kg/d), SGA's had a higher rate of
      resting energy expenditure (64 +/- 8 versus 57 +/- 8 kcal/kg/d, P less than
      0.05). Protein gain and composition of weight gain was very similar in both
      groups (2.0 +/- 0.4 versus 2.1 +/- 0.4 g protein/kg/d; 3.5 +/- 1.1 versus 3.3 +/-
      1.4 g fat/kg/d in SGA's and AGA's respectively). However, the rate of protein
      synthesis was significantly lower in SGA's (7.7 +/- 1.6 g/kg/d) as compared to
      AGA's (9.7 +/- 2.8 g/kg/d; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that SGA's have a
      more efficient protein gain/protein synthesis ratio since for the same weight and
      protein gains, SGA's show a 20 per cent slower protein turnover. They might
      therefore tolerate slightly higher protein intakes. Postconceptional age seems to
      be an important factor in the regulation of protein turnover.

PMID- 3378547
TI  - Overnight and basal metabolic rates in men and women.
AB  - The FAO/WHO/UNU recommendations for energy requirements assume that the energy
      cost of sleep is equal to the basal metabolic rate (BMR). We have tested the
      validity of this assumption by analysing overnight and BMR measurements made by
      whole-body indirect calorimetry. Data from 80 healthy subjects measured on a
      total of 246 occasions have been used. In a subgroup of 40 normal lean subjects
      the mean ratio of overnight metabolic rate (Overnight MR): BMR was 0.95 (range
      0.85 - 1.02, s.d. 0.04). The mean ratio of lowest sleeping metabolic rate (Lowest
      SMR): BMR was 0.88 (range 0.83 - 0.96, s.d. 0.04). Ratios of Overnight MR: BMR
      were not significantly affected by different levels of exercise on the preceding
      day. This ratio was significantly higher for subjects who were obese, late
      pregnant or attached to ECG electrodes. With the exception of the late pregnant
      subjects these groups had the same Lowest SMR:BMR ratios as the normal lean
      subjects, indicating that the higher Overnight MR was caused by disturbed sleep.
      The data suggest that the use of BMR to estimate overnight energy expenditure
      would introduce an average overestimate of approximately 5 per cent during the
      actual hours of sleep, but that when applied over 24 h the error becomes
      negligible.

PMID- 3378548
TI  - Physical activity and total energy expenditure of child-bearing Gambian village
      women.
AB  - In a longitudinal study of pregnancy and lactation levels of physical activity
      and total energy expenditure (TEE) were measured in 32 rural Gambian women using
      an activity diary technique. TEE, which was higher than previously measured food
      intake in this community, ranged from a minimum of 9.6 MJ (2300 kcal)/d (1.7 X
      BMR) in the months January-March to a maximum of 11.3 MJ (2700 kcal)/d (2 X BMR)
      during the agricultural season (July-October). During pregnancy and early
      lactation women went less often to the fields and also reduced the amount of time
      spent walking and performing household tasks. Standardizing for season and for
      changes in BMR and the energy cost of activity, reductions in physical activity
      reduced TEE by 0.59 +/- 0.08 MJ (140 +/- 18 kcal)/d between the 28th week of
      gestation and 4 weeks post-partum (P less than 0.001). While reduced physical
      activity may have had an adverse effect on agricultural productivity, energy was
      spared for other processes including fetal growth and milk output immediately
      post-partum. Dietary supplementation was without effect on activity pattern.

PMID- 3378549
TI  - Is the message getting through? Nutritional knowledge of pregnant women in
      Edinburgh and London.
AB  - This paper reports the results of a survey in which pregnant women in London and
      Edinburgh were asked about their knowledge and understanding of the recent
      recommendations of expert committees (James, 1983; DHSS, 1984). In general,
      Londoners had a better understanding, although in both regions manual groups were
      less knowledgeable, with the Edinburgh manual group the least well informed.

PMID- 3378551
TI  - Endocrinology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3378550
TI  - Towards NACNE: improving eating habits in a Scottish health board.
AB  - A low-cost locally based nutrition education programme was designed around the
      employment of a part-time dietitian with the aim of improving the nutritional
      intakes of Grampian Health Board staff. Its effectiveness was evaluated by
      assessment of habitual dietary intakes of staff, using a previously validated
      questionnaire administered to random samples before and after the intervention
      programme. The results indicated significant changes towards lower fat and higher
      carbohydrate intakes (both P less than 0.05) and improvements appeared to be
      distributed throughout the sexes, and age and socioeconomic groups. Mean fat
      intakes of staff fell by 2.7 per cent of total energy (P less than 0.01). Current
      long-term nutritional goals were achieved by 6 per cent of staff before the
      intervention programme and by 13 per cent afterwards (P less than 0.05). The
      example set in the staff dining rooms by the introduction of modified recipes and
      low-fat/high-carbohydrate replacements for some of the less healthy traditional
      dishes was well received and led to no increase in catering costs.

PMID- 3378552
TI  - Assessment of neuromuscular block: comparison of three clinical methods and
      evoked electromyography.
AB  - Three clinical methods, visual, tactile and 'spring', for the assessment of
      neuromuscular blockade were compared to the EMG recording evoked during enflurane
      anaesthesia and relaxation with vecuronium in 33 patients. During maintenance of
      the block, the tactile method, based on the recognition of the strength of
      movement of the patient's thumb against the observer's fingers, was more accurate
      than the two other methods. The correlation coefficient compared to the TI of the
      EMG was 0.77. The tactile method led to over-estimation of muscle strength in
      only 9-10% of the assessments made by the anaesthetists, while this happened in
      about one-third of the cases when the visual method was applied. The observers
      under-estimated the muscle power in about 30% of the assessments made with each
      of the clinical methods. During the recovery, the mean train-of-four (TOF) ratio
      of the EMG was less than 40% when the anaesthetists announced that they could
      detect no fade with the visual or tactile methods. The corresponding value
      obtained with the spring method (standardized preload with a rubber spring) was
      significantly higher, 66%. Using the spring, a clinically significant residual
      fade (TOF less than 0.50) could be detected in nine of the 11 cases. As residual
      relaxation cannot be ruled out using the clinical methods, quantitative recording
      of neuromuscular function is recommended in cases where complete recovery from
      muscle relaxation is of special importance. The spring method is the most
      reliable clinical method during recovery, while the tactile method is the most
      accurate during the maintenance of neuromuscular block.

PMID- 3378553
TI  - Comparative potency of atropine sulphate and glycopyrrolate on heart rate in man.
AB  - Disagreement as to the effect of glycopyrrolate and atropine sulphate at various
      dosages on heart rate has been reported in the literature. Of particular interest
      is the question of whether small doses of glycopyrrolate cause bradycardia. Three
      groups of subjects were studied. The QRS complexes of the electrocardiogram were
      continuously recorded on a microcomputer. Group 1 consisted of 10 healthy
      volunteers who were given two doses of atropine sulphate 1.25 micrograms kg-1 and
      glycopyrrolate 0.75 micrograms kg-1, in random order at two different times, i.v.
      Monitoring continued until heart rate returned to baseline. Group 2 consisted of
      24 women, ASA class I or II, scheduled for gynaecological operations. Each
      patient received fractionated i.v. doses of either atropine sulphate 2.5, 2.5 and
      5 micrograms kg-1 or glycopyrrolate 1.5, 1.5 and 3.0 micrograms kg-1 at 3-min
      intervals. Heart rate was measured continuously for 1 h before drug injection and
      for 10 min after the last dose. Group 3 consisted of six volunteers given both
      drugs in the same dose and time schedule as Group 2, but heart rate was monitored
      for 180 min after the last dose. In Group 1, the incidence of bradycardia and
      increases in heart rate after the first dose were statistically significant for
      both atropine sulphate and glycopyrrolate when compared with baseline values. In
      Group 2, both drugs significantly increased the heart rate and had similar times
      to peak effect. In Group 3, bradycardia occurred only with atropine sulphate.
      Increases in heart rate, peak heart rate and duration of action were similar with
      both drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378554
TI  - Serum myoglobin release following suxamethonium administration to children.
AB  - Serum myoglobin was measured in 40 children (mean age 5 yrs) following
      suxamethonium administration during anaesthesia for tonsillectomy. Half were
      given an i.v. induction while half were given an inhalation induction. Pre
      treatment with alcuronium 0.04 mg kg-1 prior to suxamethonium administration was
      given to half the patients in each group. Mean pre-induction serum myoglobin was
      11.8 micrograms litre-1. Following i.v. induction there was a marked rise of
      serum myoglobin in the control subgroup to a mean of 113 micrograms litre-1 20
      min after suxamethonium administration. There was no such rise in the pre
      treatment subgroup. In the inhalation control subgroup, there was a much larger
      mean rise to 537 micrograms litre-1 (significantly greater than in the control IV
      group), one patient reaching 2800 micrograms litre-1 20 min after suxamethonium
      administration. Pre-treatment greatly reduced but did not totally prevent the
      rise following inhalation induction.

PMID- 3378555
TI  - Lymphocyte stimulation.

PMID- 3378556
TI  - International trends in cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.
AB  - The only available statistical data on cardiovascular diseases which are
      relatively reliable and internationally comparable are those on mortality.
      Cardiovascular diseases constitute the leading cause of death in the elderly,
      especially in industrialized countries. In recent years, the majority of these
      countries have recorded a decreasing trend in cardiovascular mortality in the
      elderly as well as in younger people. Data on morbidity are not sufficiently
      standardized to allow international comparisons, and even within a country
      chronologically comparable statistical series rarely exist, especially population
      based data. The U.S.A. and Japan, two of the countries which have maintained such
      data series and which have registered the most rapid mortality decline, do not
      show similar improvements in the morbidity level for cardiovascular diseases.
      Cardiovascular diseases, therefore, seem to continue to impose a great burden on
      society in general and on the elderly population in particular, despite some
      improvements in survival.

PMID- 3378557
TI  - Plasma lipids in elderly men and women.

PMID- 3378558
TI  - Hypercholesterolaemia in the elderly: is drug treatment justified?
AB  - Total serum cholesterol levels are strongly positively correlated with the
      incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged populations. This
      correlation is strongest in the most premature cases of CHD (below age 40 years),
      but diminishes with increasing age. According to the Framingham study, LDL
      cholesterol remains a CHD risk factor in the elderly, although with reduced
      impact, and HDL cholesterol continues to be a significant protective factor even
      in old age. The reduced impact of LDL cholesterol as a risk factor for CHD has
      been taken to indicate that drug treatment of elevated serum cholesterol is not
      as important in the elderly as in the middle-aged population. Until now, this and
      possible adverse drug effects have provided a rationale for non-intervention in
      the older age groups. However, the emergence of powerful new agents with LDL
      cholesterol-lowering and HDL-cholesterol-increasing effects (HMG CoA reductase
      inhibitors), characterized by excellent patient compliance, suggests that drug
      therapy may be useful for selected elderly patients.

PMID- 3378559
TI  - Pathological basis for dementia in elderly patients with idiopathic Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - We have examined the pathological basis for dementia in elderly patients with
      Lewy-type Parkinson's disease (PD). 37 (66.1%) of 56 examined cases (mean age of
      77.9 years) had evidence of dementia. According to the distribution pattern of
      Lewy bodies and senile changes, as well as abiotrophic changes of the nucleus
      basalis of Meynert, nucleus paranigralis and locus ceruleus, demented PD could be
      subdivided into three groups: (1) demented PD without cerebral alzheimerization
      (21.6%, 8 cases); (2) demented PD with cerebral alzheimerization (64.9%, 24
      cases), and (3) demented PD with combined senile-vascular changes (13.5%). Based
      on neuropathological findings, damage not to a single, but to multiple neuronal
      networks including the innominatocortical cholinergic, ceruleocortical
      noradrenergic as well as mesocortical dopaminergic systems could play a role in
      the development of dementia in PD. We also discussed the nosological situation of
      'diffuse Lewy body disease', regarding it as one distinct disease entity.

PMID- 3378560
TI  - A nation-wide collaborative study on the long-term effects of bromocriptine in
      patients with Parkinson's disease. First interim report in Japan.
AB  - Two prospective projects were started in May 1985 to evaluate the long-term
      effects of bromocriptine in patients with Parkinson's disease. One of the
      projects is to see if combination therapy with levodopa and bromocriptine is
      superior to levodopa alone with regard to the prevention of late side effects of
      levodopa therapy. The other is to see the long-term effects of bromocriptine
      monotherapy. Patients with Parkinson's disease were allocated randomly to either
      combination or levodopa group in the first project. Parkinsonian symptoms,
      disabilities of daily life and severity of late side effects of long-term
      levodopa therapy were evaluated by a semiquantitative rating scale. This
      communication represents the first interim report. Methods of the studies and
      synopsis of the results at the end of the 12th month are described. A total of
      702 patients was enrolled in the study (combination therapy, n = 216; levodopa
      therapy, n = 200, bromocriptine monotherapy, n = 286). At the end of the 12th
      month, the numbers of patients who dropped out from the study were 19, 16 and 55
      in the three groups, respectively. It appears to be too early to make any
      definite conclusion with regard to which mode of treatment is superior, however,
      some evidence suggesting a superiority of the combination therapy over levodopa
      alone was noted in managing wearing-off phenomenon and dyskinesia. As many
      patients are sticking to the originally intended mode of treatment, it appears to
      be possible to obtain more meaningful data in several years.

PMID- 3378561
TI  - Chemiluminescence microscopy reveals functional heterogeneity in single
      neutrophils undergoing oxygen burst.
AB  - Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) respond to various triggers with an
      oxygen burst, during which the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a
      key role in microbial killing. The biological function of the ROS-associated
      light emissions is not known. However, this particularly weak cell-derived
      chemiluminescence (CL) may serve as a parameter for the identification of PMN
      activation. In this study we describe a novel technique which we termed CL
      microscopy. A microscope-based low-light image-processing system was applied
      which was sensitive enough to detect single photons, capable of two-dimensional
      signal accumulation, and digital image analysis. This technique permitted, for
      the first time, the visualization of the oxygen burst in single cells.
      Furthermore, quantitative evaluation of cell-derived luminol-enhanced CL revealed
      functional heterogeneity. Single-cell investigations of activated living PMN of
      normal human donors showed clear differences in kinetics and intensity of the
      oxygen burst related to different stimuli. The chemical agent (phorbol 12
      myristate 13-acetate) induced CL in 83% of PMN. In contrast, the complement
      mediated phagocytic stimulation by opsonized zymosan gave much higher light
      intensities of individual cells, but only in part of the PMN population (30%). CL
      microscopy presents a new and highly sensitive technique with considerable
      potential for single-cell analysis in immunological research.

PMID- 3378562
TI  - Further study of possible direct vascular actions of indapamide in the conduit
      and renal arteriolar vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - The effect of indapamide on vascular reactivity and its properties as a calcium
      antagonist were studied in both isolated aorta and perfused renal vasculature of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats.
      Indapamide was given orally to SHR and WKY rats for 2 weeks at a dose of 5 mg/kg
      per day. During this period indapamide did not lower blood-pressure in SHR and
      WKY rats although there was an adequate concentration of indapamide in the blood.
      There were no differences observed in the vascular reactivity towards
      noradrenaline and high-K+ in both the above mentioned vessels in either
      indapamide- or vehicle-pretreated SHR and WKY rats. Verapamil (10(-9)-10(-5) M)
      caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of high-K+-depolarized aortas and a
      decrease in the renal-arteriolar perfusion pressure elevated by high-K+ in both
      strains of rat. However, indapamide (10(-7)-10(-4) M) did not affect the K+
      induced effect on either vessel type. Preloading of the vessels in vivo with
      indapamide for 2 weeks did not influence the results. In conclusion, further
      evidence has been presented to show that indapamide does not have calcium
      antagonist properties in conduit (aorta) or resistance (renal) vessels under
      hypertensive conditions. Preloading of the vessels with indapamide was not a
      prerequisite for the demonstration of a pharmacological action of indapamide.

PMID- 3378563
TI  - Alifedrine, a positive inotropic agent that moderately reduces the severity of
      ischaemia and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - The effects of alifedrine, a positive inotropic agent, were examined in
      greyhounds anaesthetised with chloralose. An intravenous dose of 0.3 mg kg-1
      resulted in a substantial increase in myocardial contractility (increased
      dP/dtmax, cardiac output and stroke volume) without significantly affecting heart
      rate. The effects of alifedrine on the severity of arrhythmias resulting from
      both coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion were also determined. A mild
      antiarrhythmic effect was observed during early ischaemia when the incidence of
      ventricular tachycardia was reduced from 90% in controls to 50% in treated dogs.
      There was also a significant reduction in the number of extrasystoles appearing
      as ventricular tachycardia (from 511 +/- 138 to 151 +/- 84). The total number of
      extrasystoles during the first 30 min of ischaemia was also reduced, although not
      significantly, from 846 +/- 193 to 527 +/- 86. Following release of a 40 min
      coronary artery occlusion there was a marked reduction in reperfusion-induced
      ventricular fibrillation from 75% in controls, to 37% in the alifedrine-treated
      dogs. The overall survival from the combined occlusion-reperfusion insult was
      increased from 20% in controls to 50%. These results suggest that alifedrine has
      an unusual and useful spectrum of pharmacological activity in that it combines
      antiarrhythmic activity with an ability to improve cardiac function.

PMID- 3378564
TI  - Anticonvulsive activity of several excitatory amino acid antagonists against
      barbital withdrawal-induced spontaneous convulsions.
AB  - Several excitatory amino acid antagonists were tested for an ability to prevent
      spontaneous convulsions seen during the barbital abstinence syndrome in rats.
      Barbital-dependent animals were continuously infused intracerebroventricularly
      (i.c.v.) for the first 48 h following barbital withdrawal with either saline, 2
      amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (APH), magnesium sulfate, glutamyldiethyl ester
      (GDEE) or cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA) using the highest dosages
      which did not affect normal behavior of the rats. All animals were observed
      continuously from 12 to 48 h postwithdrawal and the number of spontaneous
      convulsions observed in each animal was recorded. After this time, animals were
      killed by focused microwave irradiation and the cerebellas were collected for
      determination of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. While both APH and
      MgSO4 dramatically prevented convulsions, only APH prevented the withdrawal
      induced elevation of cerebellar cGMP. PDA and GDEE had no statistically
      significant effect on either cerebellar cGMP levels or on convulsive activity.
      Although the effect of GDEE was not statistically significant, the number of
      convulsions was reduced to 1/3 those seen in control animals. These data
      implicate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated pathways in seizure
      activity associated with the barbital abstinence syndrome and show that the
      withdrawal-induced elevation of cerebellar cGMP can occur without the induction
      of convulsions.

PMID- 3378565
TI  - Characterization of the muscarinic receptor subtypes in the rat urinary bladder.
AB  - We investigated the nature of the muscarinic receptors present in the rat urinary
      bladder by performing binding studies with various selective (pirenzepine, AF-DX
      116, hexahydrosiladifenidol, benzhexol, 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl piperidine
      methiodide, dicyclomine, secoverine) and classical (N-methylscopolamine,
      atropine) antagonists. Competition experiments were carried out against [3H]N
      methyl scopolamine at 30 degrees C in Na+/Mg2+ HEPES buffer; non-specific binding
      was determined in the presence of 1 microM 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. Of all the
      antagonists examined, only AF-DX 116 exhibited a heterogeneous binding profile
      (nH less than 1). Computer-assisted analysis showed that the data fitted best to
      a two-binding site model, revealing the existence of high and low affinity
      receptors. The affinity values of AF-DX 116, determined in binding experiments
      carried out in heart and gland homogenates, allowed us to classify the rat
      urinary bladder receptors into cardiac and glandular subtypes. We suggest that
      the glandular receptor subtype is involved in smooth muscle contraction, since AF
      DX 116 was equally potent in inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and the
      secretion of saliva.

PMID- 3378566
TI  - Enhancement of morphine analgesia and prevention of morphine tolerance in the rat
      by the cholecystokinin antagonist L-364,718.
AB  - The potent and selective non-peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist L-364,718
      (0.5-2.0 mg/kg s.c.) enhanced the analgesia induced by acute morphine treatment
      in the rat tail flick test. Chronic treatment with L-364,718 (1.0 mg/kg)
      prevented the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia (after a 6 day
      period of morphine treatment) but did not influence the onset of opioid
      dependence. Since L-364,718 is considerably more potent in inhibiting CCK binding
      to peripheral tissues than to brain membranes its interaction with morphine is
      surprising. The exact locus of this interaction, or whether it involves
      'peripheral-type' (CCK-A) or 'central-type' (CCK-B) receptors is not known.

PMID- 3378567
TI  - Effect of an amino group at carbon 2 of 1-deoxyglucose analogues on anorexia in
      the rat.
AB  - A steric hindering group at carbon 2 of 1-deoxyglucose analogues was introduced
      by epimerization, deoxidation and substitution of a hydroxyl group with either an
      acetamido or a fluoro group. Injection of this analogue into the rat third
      cerebroventricle attenuated the feeding suppression produced by 1-deoxyglucose.
      In contrast, the replacement of a hydroxyl group at carbon 2 with an amino group
      produced anorexia of the same magnitude as that produced by 1-deoxyglucose.
      Amination at carbon 2 was more potent than that at carbon 3, 4 or 6. These
      results indicate that an amino group at carbon 2 of the glucose molecule is
      important to reinforce the feeding suppression caused by 1-deoxyglucose
      analogues.

PMID- 3378568
TI  - W-7 at calmodulin-antagonistic concentrations facilitates noradrenaline release
      from rat brain cortex slices.
AB  - Slices from rat brain occipital cortex were preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline
      then superfused and stimulated electrically. W-7, 10 mumol/l, enhanced the
      stimulation-evoked overlow. Binding experiments with W-7 evidenced weak
      displacement of [3H]yohimbine and no displacement of [3H]prazosin. Release
      experiments with the addition of clonidine, cocaine or phentolamine provided no
      evidence for major interference of W-7 with alpha-adrenergic or uptake
      mechanisms. Facilitation could have been due to inhibition of a calmodulin
      dependent enzyme which could not be identified from the present results.

PMID- 3378569
TI  - Brainstem mechanisms in the modulation of the sympathetic baroreflex by
      piperoxan.
AB  - Piperoxan (50-100 micrograms/kg) injected into the cisterna magna of
      anaesthetized dogs increased blood pressure, heart rate and resting rate of
      sympathetic nerve discharge. The baroreflex curve was shifted to the right with
      an elevation of the upper plateau (when blood pressure was lowered below resting
      values, renal sympathetic nerve activity rose to an upper plateau) and with no
      change in baroreflex sensitivity. Catecholamine depletion, produced by reserpine
      and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, did not change the effects of piperoxan on resting
      sympathetic nerve activity and on the baroreflex curve. Piperoxan (50
      micrograms/kg i.c.) enhanced the rate of renal sympathetic nerve discharge in
      baroreceptor-denervated dogs. Piperoxan (5 micrograms) injected bilaterally into
      the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) increased blood pressure and resting
      sympathetic nerve activity with a shift of the sympathetic baroreflex curve to
      the right and no change in baroreflex sensitivity. Piperoxan (5 micrograms)
      injected bilaterally into the ventrolateral pressor area did not change blood
      pressure or the rate of sympathetic discharge. However, the baroreflex curve was
      shifted to the right with an elevation of the upper plateau level and the
      baroreflex sensitivity was increased. The present findings suggest that tonically
      active alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms located within the NTS regulate resting and
      reflex sympathetic activity. An alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism in the rostral
      ventrolateral medulla modulates reflex sympathetic activity but has no influence
      on resting activity.

PMID- 3378570
TI  - Vascular effects of capsaicin in isolated perfused rat mesenteric bed.
AB  - The effects of intra- and extraluminal capsaicin administration were evaluated in
      isolated perfused rat mesenteric bed. Capsaicin (10 nM-1 microM) produced a
      potent concentration-dependent relaxation of the tonic vasoconstriction induced
      by norepinephrine (1 microM) but not by high-K+ (60 mM). The capsaicin-induced
      relaxation was nearly abolished in preparations pretreated in vitro with a high
      concentration of capsaicin (1 microM, for 10 min, 1 h before). Capsaicin-induced
      relaxation was reduced but not abolished in preparations obtained from rats
      pretreated neonatally with capsaicin. The capsaicin effects were unaffected by
      atropine, guanethidine, propranolol, hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin. The
      observation that capsaicin (0.1 microM)-induced relaxation was virtually
      abolished in presence of the proteolytic enzyme alpha-chymotrypsin (1 U/ml)
      supports the involvement of neuropeptide(s) in this response. Bolus injections of
      calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) elicited a potent and rapidly ensuing
      relaxation which underwent tachyphylaxis. However, no cross-desensitization with
      capsaicin was observed. It is concluded that activation of capsaicin-sensitive
      sensory fibers could release neuropeptides locally with a potent effect on
      intestinal blood flow.

PMID- 3378571
TI  - Inhibition of angiotensin-induced water intake following hexamethonium
      pretreatment in the dog.
AB  - The possibility that the pressor effects of angiotensin II influence angiotensin
      induced thirst was investigated in dogs pretreated with hexamethonium. Ganglionic
      blockade reduced drinking elicited by i.c.v. administration of angiotensin II and
      totally eliminated drinking elicited by i.v. infusion of angiotensin II, whereas
      the pressor response to i.v. and i.c.v. angiotensin II was significantly
      increased. In contrast, hexamethonium had no effect on water intake or mean
      arterial blood pressure following i.c.v. isoproterenol, and produced a
      significant increase in drinking to s.c. isoproterenol, which was preceded by a
      large fall in mean arterial pressure. No changes in mean arterial pressure or
      drinking were observed during NaCl infusion in hexamethonium-pretreated animals.
      These results suggest that angiotensin II exerts its full dipsogenic activity
      only during normotensive or hypotensive states, and that the pressor effect of
      angiotensin II can antagonize its effects on water intake.

PMID- 3378572
TI  - Pharmacological effects and metabolism of neurotensin and bradykinin in the
      isolated rat uterus.
AB  - Neurotensin (NT) and bradykinin (BK) were found to cause contractions of isolated
      rat uterus preparations. In 97% of the experiments, acute tachyphylaxis followed
      soon after the initial administration of NT. Interrelation between the oxytocic
      effects of NT and BK was not observed. Among the NT fragments studied, only NT-(9
      13) had an oxytocic effect (less than 1.0%). All NT fragments tested induced
      tachyphylaxis to NT regardless of their efficacy. Using HPLC analysis, NT but not
      BK was found to be degraded by the intact rat uterus. A major involvement of a
      carboxydipeptidase cleaving at Tyr11-Ile12 is suggested. Carboxyl-blocked
      neurotensinamide (NT-NH2) was found to be resistent to proteolysis and not
      develop tachyphylaxis. No cross-tachyphylaxis was observed with NT or NT-(1-11).
      The results suggest the existence of different receptors for NT and BK in the
      uterus, as well as the existence of different receptors or receptor states that
      interact with NT or NT-NH2 in the rat uterus.

PMID- 3378573
TI  - Effect of milrinone on contractility and 45Ca movements in the isolated rabbit
      aorta.
AB  - The effects of milrinone on 45Ca movements and on contractile responses were
      studied in rabbit aortic smooth muscle. Milrinone, 10(-7)-5 x 10(-4) M, inhibited
      the responses induced by high K and noradrenaline (NA). These effects were
      observed when milrinone was added before or after the induced contractions and
      were similar in aortas with or without endothelium. The Ca-induced contractions
      of K-depolarized aortas as well as the contractions induced by caffeine in normal
      and in Ca-free solution were also inhibited dose dependently by milrinone.
      Milrinone reduced the 45Ca influx in resting or non-stimulated aortic rings as
      well as in aortic rings stimulated by NA. On the other hand, neither the 45Ca
      influx stimulated by high K or the 45Ca efflux stimulated by NA were altered by
      pretreatment with milrinone. It is concluded that milrinone inhibits vascular
      smooth muscle contractility by probably acting at multiple sites to decrease the
      availability of intracellular free Ca required for activation.

PMID- 3378574
TI  - Chronic electroconvulsive shock and desimipramine reduce the degree of inhibition
      by 5-HT and carbachol of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase in rat
      hippocampal membranes.
AB  - The degree of inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by 5
      HT and by carbachol in hippocampal membranes was significantly reduced after
      administration of either chronic ECS (10 days) or desimipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.
      for 3 weeks). A single ECS had no effect on the 5-HT response and slightly
      augmented the carbachol response. These results parallel previous observations on
      the effects of ECS and antidepressants on behavioral responses to 5-HT1a agonists
      and on muscarinic receptor number, and indicate the possible involvement of these
      receptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 3378576
TI  - Intracerebroventricular morphine restores the basic somesthetic activity of
      dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat.
AB  - We have proposed that a painful focus will disturb the global activity of spinal
      and trigeminal convergent neurones in two complementary ways: by activation of
      the corresponding segmental pool of neurones and by an inhibition mediated by
      diffuse noxious inhibitory controls of the remaining neuronal population.
      Morphine (10 micrograms) administered within the third ventricle blocks diffuse
      noxious inhibitory controls acting on a basic somesthetic activity simulated by
      responses of convergent neurones to innocuous stimuli. It is proposed that
      analgesia induced by intracerebroventricular morphine could result, at least in
      part, from restoration of the basic somesthetic activity.

PMID- 3378575
TI  - Omega-conotoxin GVIA and pharmacological modulation of hippocampal noradrenaline
      release.
AB  - The tritium overflow evoked by electrical stimulation of rabbit hippocampal
      slices labeled with [3H]noradrenaline was inhibited by omega-conotoxin GVIA, a
      peptide modulator of the N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (N-VSCC). The
      magnitude of this inhibition was unchanged in the presence of substances which
      interact with N- and/or L-VSCCs (cadmium, neomycin, (-)- and (+)-202-791), alpha
      2-adrenoceptors (idazoxan, UK-14304), protein kinase C (4 beta-phorbol-12,13
      dibutyrate) or potassium channels (4-aminopyridine). This finding suggests that
      the attenuation of calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release by omega-conotoxin
      GVIA is relatively insensitive to alterations of such release effected by other
      substances.

PMID- 3378577
TI  - Subchronic treatment of rats with nicotine: interconversion of nicotinic receptor
      subtypes in brain.
AB  - A significant increase in the number of cortical high-affinity (-)-[3H]nicotine
      binding sites was measured in rats treated with nicotine (0.45 mg/kg) twice daily
      for 18 days. Competition experiments with (-)-[3H]nicotine and various
      concentrations of unlabelled (-)-nicotine revealed that the proportion of high
      affinity nicotine binding sites was significantly increased in the nicotine
      treated group while the proportion of low-affinity nicotinic binding sites was
      similarly significantly reduced compared to the controls. In addition there was a
      significant decrease in the affinity of both subtypes of nicotinic binding sites.

PMID- 3378578
TI  - Is arginine a physiological precursor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide?

PMID- 3378579
TI  - [3H]quipazine labels 5-HT3 recognition sites in rat cortical membranes.

PMID- 3378580
TI  - High serum levels interfere with the normal differentiated state of avian tendon
      cells by altering translational regulation.
AB  - In low serum (0.2%) medium, ascorbate stimulates primary avian tendon cells to
      increase procollagen synthesis from 12 to 50% of total protein synthesis. This is
      reversibly blocked by an increase of serum levels from 0.2 to 3%. Ascorbate in
      low serum medium has been shown previously to stimulate the procollagen pathway
      by sequentially increasing by sixfold the secretion rate constant, then
      translation rates, and finally mRNA levels. We now show that addition of
      ascorbate to cultures containing 3% serum induces a sixfold increase in the
      secretion rate constant but translation rates and mRNA levels remain unchanged.
      In fully induced cells, an increase in serum levels causes a down-regulation of
      procollagen synthesis. In this case, the translational products of the induced
      cell are rapidly altered (less than 1 h), with noncollagen protein synthesis
      being stimulated preferentially over procollagen synthesis. This change is not
      reflected in procollagen mRNA levels since they remain constant for at least 6 h
      following addition of high serum. After 48 h in high serum, the induction of
      procollagen synthesis by ascorbate is reversed and the level of procollagen mRNA
      drops to that of uninduced cells. The data are consistent with the model that
      serum acts primarily at the translational level. High serum levels break the
      coupling in the ascorbate induction process that ties the stimulation of
      procollagen secretion rates to the increase in procollagen translation rates, and
      this prevents the maintenance of the induced state.

PMID- 3378581
TI  - Animal Salmonella surveillance in Peninsular Malaysia, 1981-1985.
AB  - During the 5-year (1981-5) surveillance period, 2322 salmonella isolations were
      recorded from animals and other non-human sources in Peninsular Malaysia. This
      was an increase of 356% over the preceding 5-year period. The 83 serotypes
      isolated were recovered from 41 sources. Of these 34 were new serotypes bringing
      the total number of serotypes isolated from non-human sources to date up 97. Food
      animals and edible animal products accounted for 92.2% of the total isolations,
      with cattle and beef accounting for 70% of the total. Salmonella dublin was the
      most frequently isolated serotype, whereas S. typhimurium had the widest
      zoological distribution. More than 80% of the non-human salmonella serotypes have
      also been reported in man in this country.

PMID- 3378582
TI  - Extraintestinal salmonellosis.
AB  - Between 1969 and 1984, 6564 non-typhoid salmonella strains were isolated at the
      Liverpool Public Health Laboratory of which 194 (3.0%) were from extraintestinal
      sites. Blood (34%) and urine (32%) isolates accounted for two-thirds of these,
      with the remainder being recovered from pus and inflammatory tissue (23%), bone
      (5%), cerebrospinal fluid (5%) and sputum (3%). Certain serotypes tended to cause
      more invasive disease than others, i.e. Salmonella choleraesuis, S. dublin, S.
      london, S. virchow and S. panama: this association for S. london has not
      previously been described. The spectrum of disease caused by non-typhoid strains
      was broad. This survey confirms the importance of non-typhoid salmonellas as
      occasional causes of invasive disease and local sepsis outside the
      gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 3378583
TI  - Assessment of Brucellosis Card test in screening patients for brucellosis.
AB  - The Brucellosis Card test (Brewers' Diagnostic Kits, Hynson, Westcott and
      Dunning, Inc., Baltimore, Md.) was evaluated in relation to the Brucelloslide
      test (bioMerieux, France), the microagglutination test (MAT) and the
      demonstration of brucella-specific IgG, IgM and IgA in an enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 573 serum specimens was tested. These
      included sera from patients with acute brucellosis (159), chronic brucellosis
      (23) and patients who had been diagnosed previously as having had brucella
      infection (155). Control groups consisted of patients with diseases other than
      brucellosis (52), others with non-infectious diseases (20), and healthy
      individuals (164). The Card test detected 100% of the patients with acute and 61%
      of the patients with chronic brucellosis. The sera from the control groups were
      all negative. Similar results were obtained with the Brucelloslide test and the
      MAT. The ELISA test detected brucella-specific Ig of all classes in the serum of
      patients with acute brucellosis, and IgG and IgA in the serum of patients with
      chronic brucellosis. In the latter group, IgM was also detected in 32% of the
      sera. Twenty-three per cent of sera with titres of 20 by the MAT were positive on
      the Card test and had ELISA titres for IgM, IgG and IgA of 400. Characterization
      of the antibodies involved in the Card test showed that sera with IgM ELISA
      titres of 1600, or an IgM titres of 800 together with IgG and IgA titres greater
      than or equal to 200 were Card test positive. Higher IgG (greater than or equal
      to 1600] plus IgA (greater than or equal to 400) titres were required to produce
      a positive Card test in the absence of IgM or when the IgM titre was less than or
      equal to 200. The Card test has a potential value as a rapid screening test for
      humans with acute brucellosis and shows similar results to Brucelloslide and MAT
      tests. ELISA, however, remains the most reliable test for diagnosis of
      brucellosis especially in patients with chronic and complicated stages of the
      disease.

PMID- 3378584
TI  - Enterobacteriaceae suppression by three different oral doses of polymyxin E in
      human volunteers.
AB  - Polymyxin E is frequently used as an oral drug for flora suppression of the
      gastrointestinal canal. The suppression effect is dose dependent because
      polymyxin E is moderately inactivated by faecal and food compounds. Three oral
      polymyxin E doses (150, 300, 600 mg daily) were given to six volunteers for 6
      days. The Enterobacteriaceae suppression effect was compared by means of the
      suppression index i.e. ratio of total number of faecal samples free of
      Enterobacteriaceae to the total number of faecal samples. The impact on the
      indigenous (mostly anaerobic) flora was measured in four ways: (i) beta
      aspartylglycine content; (ii) volatile fatty acid pattern; (iii) yeast overgrowth
      and (iv) Streptococcus faecalis decrease. Enterobacteriaceae suppression was most
      successful during 600 mg oral polymyxin E (suppression indices during 150, 300
      and 600 mg were 0.32, 0.55 and 0.89 respectively). None of the four markers of
      indigenous flora alterations were positive. However, using this dosage half of
      the volunteers suffered rather severe gastrointestinal side-effects. Oral
      polymyxin E in a dosage of minimum 600 mg daily seems to possess the ideal
      properties of a flora suppression agent, if the gastrointestinal side-effects
      could be mitigated.

PMID- 3378585
TI  - Measles in developing countries. Part II. The predicted impact of mass
      vaccination.
AB  - A mathematical model is developed to mimic the transmission dynamics of the
      measles virus in communities in the developing world with high population growth
      rates and high case fatality rates. The model is used to compare the impacts of
      different mass vaccination programmes upon morbidity and mortality arising from
      infection by measles virus. Analyses identify three conclusions of practical
      significance to the design of optimal vaccination programmes. First, there is no
      single optimum age at which to vaccinate children for all urban and rural
      communities in developing countries. For a given community the best age at which
      to vaccinate depends critically on the age distribution of cases of infection
      prior to the introduction of control measures. Second, numerical studies predict
      that the introduction of mass vaccination will induce a temporary phase of very
      low incidence of infection before the system settles to a new pattern of
      recurrent epidemics. Mass vaccination acts to lengthen the inter-epidemic period
      in the post-vaccination period when compared with that prevailing prior to
      control. Third, numerical simulations suggest that two-phase and two-stage
      vaccination programmes are of less benefit than one-stage programmes (achieving
      comparable coverage) aimed at young children. The paper ends with a discussion of
      the needs for: improved programmes of data collection; monitoring of the impact
      of current vaccination programmes; and the development of models that take
      account of viral transmission dynamics, host demography and economic factors.

PMID- 3378586
TI  - Specific IgG subclass antibody in rubella virus infections.
AB  - A solid-phase antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for
      the detection of rubella-specific IgG subclasses. For rubella-specific IgG1 and
      IgG3 sera were quantitated in arbitrary units (au) by comparison with standard
      curves. A concentration of 3 au was taken as that indicating positivity for
      specific IgG1 and specific IgG3. No sera reactive for specific IgG2 and IgG4 have
      been found, and thus the assay reagents were controlled by testing dilutions of a
      standard calibrant serum containing known concentrations of the specific IgG
      subclasses. Of 105 unselected sera negative for rubella antibody by radial
      haemolysis (RH), two gave concentrations of specific IgG1 greater than 3 au and
      both were positive by rubella latex agglutination (LA). The sensitivity of the
      assay for specific IgG1 was confirmed by examining 25 selected sera negative by
      RH but reactive by LA. Twenty-one gave concentrations greater than 3 au. None of
      these 130 was positive for specific IgG3. All 63 sera containing greater than 15
      international units rubella antibody by RH from cases of rubella in the remote
      past contained specific IgG1 and eight contained specific IgG3. In 79 cases of
      primary rubella, specific IgG1 developed in all cases by day 8. Specific IgG3
      became detectable in all cases except one by day 16. Serum taken on day 21 from
      one case was negative for specific IgG3 but the absence of later sera precluded
      further investigation. One case had become negative for specific IgG3 by day 56.
      Sera from 24 cases of rubella reinfection were examined and all contained
      specific IgG1. In three cases of symptomatic reinfection, specific IgG3 was
      detectable in two but not in the remaining case. In 2 of the 21 cases of
      asymptomatic reinfection only a very early or a very late serum was available. Of
      the remaining 19 cases, 7 had detectable specific IgG3. However, only one of 9
      sera collected 30-50 days after contact contained specific IgG3. Thus for the
      asymptomatic patient for whom other serological tests suggest a recent rubella
      infection, the failure to detect specific IgG3 in sequential sera collected after
      contact suggests reinfection rather than primary rubella. The detection of
      specific IgG3 did not correlate with the presence of specific IgM. Sera collected
      6-8 weeks after rubella vaccination had detectable specific IgG1 in 32 of 33
      cases and specific IgG3 in 9 of 33. The remaining vaccinee was seronegative.

PMID- 3378587
TI  - Host cell-mediated selection of influenza A (H3N2) virus variant subpopulations:
      lack of association between antigenic and receptor-binding properties.
AB  - During the outbreak of influenza due to A (H3N3) viruses in Finland in 1985/6
      virus pairs were isolated from the same clinical specimens in embryonated hens'
      eggs (CE) and in canine kidney cell cultures (MDCK). Some of these isolates, the
      E and M pairs, were distinguished by their reactions in haemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) tests carried out using polyclonal antisera, and by receptor
      binding properties, as evidenced by differences in their elution activity from
      erythrocytes. Passage of the E- and M-virus isolates in the foreign host affected
      their serological characteristics, but the E virus did not convert to an M-like
      virus and the M virus did not convert to an E-like virus. Returning the viruses
      to grow in the host used for their isolation changed the serological reactions so
      that they were once more close to the reactions of the original isolates. This
      contrasts with the changes in receptor-binding properties. Rapid elution from hen
      erythrocytes, which has been described as a property of viruses binding to the SA
      alpha 2,3Gal sequence in preference to SA alpha 2,6Gal, characterized the virus
      passages grown solely in MDCK cell cultures. Cultivation of the M virus in CE, at
      any stage of its passage history, made the virus irreversibly incapable of
      elution. The M virus was more sensitive than the E virus to HI antibodies against
      heterologous viruses of the H3N2 subtype, and, when used as an antigen in HI
      serology, it more frequently (90% vs. 69%; P less than 0.01) detected diagnostic
      antibody responses in patients infected with viruses of this subtype in 1985/6.
      Use of antigens with a different passage history in HI serology provided evidence
      that this superiority, which may be due to the ability of the virus to pick out
      anamnestic antibody responses, is unrelated to the receptor-binding peculiarity
      of the M virus under consideration. The results support the concept that the host
      cell can select a diversity of virus variant subpopulations from a single
      clinical specimen during isolation and subsequent cultivation procedures.
      Moreover, the MDCK-grown influenza viruses may correspond better than the egg
      grown isolates to the natural epidemic viruses.

PMID- 3378588
TI  - Antibody responses of swine to type A influenza viruses during the past ten years
      in Japan.
AB  - A total of 6346 swine sera collected at an abattoir in the city of Obihiro,
      Hokkaido during the years 1978-87 were tested for the presence of antibodies to
      swine and human influenza viruses. A high incidence of antibody to A/New
      Jersey/8/76 (swine type H1N1) virus was observed throughout the 10 years except
      for the occasional month and a single long period of 15 months. Antibodies to
      human H3N2 virus in swine appeared to be related to the epidemics of human
      influenza which occurred in the study area during the years 1980-3, but unrelated
      to the epidemics during the years 1984-7. A large number of swine were found to
      be antibody positive to a human H1N1 virus during the period April to June 1964,
      and a smaller number, during the period November 1986 to June 1987. Both were in
      relation to human influenza epidemics. However, there were long periods where
      human H1N1 antibodies in swine could not be found.

PMID- 3378590
TI  - Prevention of enteral radiocesium absorption by hexacyanoferrates(II) in piglets.
AB  - The efficacy of different hexacyanoferrates(II) in preventing the enteral
      absorption of 134Cs was studied in piglets. As compared to the controls, oral
      application of 134Cs together with KFe[Fe(CN)6], NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6], or Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
      resulted in a strong reduction of the 134 Cs-uptake by more than 97%. The
      decrease in enteral absorption depends on the dose of administered
      hexacyanoferrate(II), whereas differences between the compounds under study were
      small. The biological half-life of 134Cs in non-hexacyanoferrate(II) treated
      piglets was 21.6 +/- 3.3 days (mean +/- SD).

PMID- 3378591
TI  - Massive striatal dopamine release in acute cerebral ischemia in rats.
AB  - Extracellular dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and cerebral blood
      flow were simultaneously determined using in vivo brain dialysis and a hydrogen
      clearance method in the striatum of spontaneously hypertensive rats during
      ischemia and after recirculation. Massive striatal dopamine release was
      demonstrated in acutely induced ischemic brain.

PMID- 3378592
TI  - Brown adipose tissue activity in hypophysectomized rats: involvement of
      sympathetic system.
AB  - At thermal neutrality, hypophysectomy enhanced interscapular brown adipose tissue
      (IBAT) activity (increase of purine nucleotide binding) in the rat. This
      stimulation is dependent on sympathetic system integrity since surgical
      denervation of IBAT impairs its thermogenic response.

PMID- 3378589
TI  - Long-term depressor effects of noradrenaline and dopamine neurons transplanted
      into the third ventricle of the brain of salt-loaded hypertensive rats.
AB  - Neural tissues including A 6 group noradrenaline neurons in the locus ceruleus or
      A 10 group dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra were transplanted into the
      third ventricle at the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic level of rats made
      hypertensive by salt loading. Either transplant exerted a long-lasting depressor
      effect.

PMID- 3378593
TI  - Neither prolactin nor growth hormone restore the nocturnal rise in pineal N
      acetyltransferase activity or melatonin content in hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Hypophysectomy in adult male rats greatly attenuated the nocturnal rise in both
      pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content. High nighttime
      levels of NAT and melatonin were not restored by treating the animals with either
      prolactin or growth hormone, alone or in combination. Treating intact rats with
      bromocriptine, which depresses circulating prolactin levels, also was without
      effect on pineal melatonin synthesis. It appears that neither prolactin nor
      growth hormone are of major importance in determining pineal melatonin
      production.

PMID- 3378594
TI  - Kinetics of chemo-attraction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes towards N-formyl
      peptide studied with a novel polycarbonate (Nucleopore) membrane in the Boyden
      chamber.
AB  - The motile responses of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to N-formyl
      methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) in the Boyden chamber using a new sparse
      pore polycarbonate membrane (pores 3 micron in diameter and occupying 0.1% of
      surface area) were compared with those demonstrated by using a standard
      polycarbonate (Nuclepore) filtration membrane (pores 3 micron in diameter and
      occupying 5% of surface area). Motility of PMN in gradients of FMLP using the new
      membrane was not influenced by chemokinetic effects of the factor, and the
      'background' migration of the cells was minimal. However, motility of PMN in
      gradients of FMLP using the standard membrane was found to be influenced by
      chemokinetic effects of the chemotactic factor, and the 'background' or 'control'
      migration (in the absence of chemotactic factor) of the cells was substantial.
      Greater directional migration of PMN according to steepness of the gradient of
      chemotactic factor was demonstrated with the use of the new membrane. The new
      membrane may be of considerable value in the further study of the chemotactic
      responses of PMN.

PMID- 3378595
TI  - Hodgkin's disease stages I and II with infradiaphragmatic presentation: a rare
      and prognostically unfavourable combination.
AB  - Out of 323 patients with Hodgkin's disease CS I or II treated during the period
      1969 to 1983 at Denmark's Finsen Institute, 35 presented with infradiaphragmatic
      disease. Patients with infradiaphragmatic presentation were older than patients
      with supradiaphragmatic presentation and were more often in stage II as opposed
      to stage I. NS histology was less prevalent among infradiaphragmatic than among
      supradiaphragmatic patients. Disease-free survival and overall survival was
      poorer in infradiaphragmatic patients. When other factors of prognostic
      importance were taken into account in a multivariate analysis, infradiaphragmatic
      presentation turned out to be an adverse prognostic factor with regard to disease
      free survival, whereas it was not of significant independent prognostic value
      with regard to overall survival. Staging laparotomy in 11/35 infradiaphragmatic
      patients revealed 1 stage-IV case. The 34 remaining early stage patients were
      treated by irradiation plus combination chemotherapy (21 patients), irradiation
      only (9 patients), or combination chemotherapy only (4 patients). They were
      followed until death or from 4 to 171 months after initiation of therapy. With
      regard to disease-free survival, combined modality treatment (as opposed to
      radiotherapy only) was found to be of prognostic significance.

PMID- 3378596
TI  - Repair of UV-induced DNA damage in aplastic anaemia: changes after treatment with
      antilymphocyte globulin (ALG).
AB  - The extent of DNA-repair induced by UV-C irradiation was measured in peripheral
      unstimulated lymphocytes of 24 patients with aplastic anaemia at different stages
      of disease and compared with the results obtained in 92 controls. As parameter of
      the DNA-repair synthesis, the incorporation of (3H)thymidine in the presence of 2
      mmol/l hydroxyurea (HU) was taken. Of 19 patients tested after treatment with
      antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), 5 were in complete autologous haemopoietic
      remission, defined as greater than 1000 granulocytes/mm3, greater than 100,000
      platelets/mm3 and a nontransfused haemoglobin value greater than 10 g%. 14
      patients were in partial remission, defined as improvement of haemopoietic
      function, not meeting the criteria for complete remission. 4/5 patients in
      complete remission had normal DNA-repair synthesis, compared to 4/14 patients in
      partial remission. In 92 controls, a normal level was found in 70 cases. In 4/5
      patients examined at diagnosis and at various intervals after ALG-treatment, DNA
      repair synthesis was low at diagnosis. It increased after therapy and paralleled
      improvement of haemopoietic function to some extent. It is suggested that in
      aplastic anaemia there are different populations of lymphocytes with differing
      DNA-repair capacity; ALG treatment seems to favour expansion of the normal
      population, which is associated with improvement of haemopoietic function.

PMID- 3378597
TI  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in Hodgkin's
      disease.
AB  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia
      (AIHA) were found, respectively, in 5 (1%) and 1 (0.2%) of 492 patients with
      Hodgkin's disease (HD). 33 cases of ITP associated with HD reported in the
      literature are reviewed. Of our cases, ITP was coincident with the diagnosis of
      HD in 1 patient. In another patient ITP preceded the diagnosis of HD by 41 months
      and in the remaining 3 patients the diagnosis of ITP was established after they
      had been successfully treated for HD. A herpes zoster infection preceded ITP by 1
      month in 1 patient and another had herpes zoster at the time of diagnosis of ITP.
      AIHA had preceded the diagnosis of HD by 8 months in 1 case. In patients with ITP
      the prognosis seems to be related only to the status of the underlying HD.

PMID- 3378598
TI  - Therapeutic effects of low-dose cytosine arabinoside, alpha-interferon, 1 alpha
      hydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid in acute leukemia and myelodysplastic
      syndromes.
AB  - 62 evaluable patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute leukemia were
      treated with different combinations of low dose ara-C, alpha-interferon (IFN), 1
      alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (vit D3) and retinoic acid. The aim was to study the
      efficacy and toxicity of each combination. The overall rate was 44%. Of these,
      50% responded favorably to the combination of IFN, vit D3 and retinoic acid
      (IDR), which was comparable to the response rate of 43% for low-dose ara-C. The
      results of the IDR treatment may be explained by additive or synergistic effects
      between the separate drugs in the combination. Ara-C and IDR treatment was
      generally well-tolerated but interferon gave more side effects than any other
      drug used in the study. Evaluation of the full combination of ara-C, IFN, vit D3
      and retinoic acid was not possible because of toxicity. Marrow hypoplasia was
      infrequent (5/27 patients) in cases responding favorably to treatment. Complete
      remissions were not longer than partial remissions or significant responses.

PMID- 3378599
TI  - Assessment of splenic and RES function of patients with thalassemia major long
      after partial splenic embolization: in vivo clearance study.
AB  - The activity of the remaining reticuloendothelial system (RES) and the function
      of the splenic remnants was estimated in 5 thalassemic patients who had undergone
      successful partial splenic embolization (PSE) 6 yr previously. The kinetics of
      125I-heat-denatured human albumin as well as that of 51Cr-heat-damaged homologous
      red blood cells were applied for this purpose and the parameters derived were
      compared to those of nonsplenectomized as well as splenectomized thalassemics
      with the following results: (a) The parameters of splenic function in embolized
      thalassemics were found to be within the limits observed in nonsplenectomized
      patients. (b) Their maximum phagocytic capacity was significantly lower, not only
      than that found in nonsplenectomized, but also than in thalassemic patients
      splenectomized at about the same time. It is concluded that, 6 yr after PSE has
      been performed, a reorientation of the altered circulatory dynamics has taken
      place in the splenic remnants allowing previously blockaded areas to gain normal
      function. It therefore seems that, despite the continuing hemolytic stimulus, RES
      hyperplasia is prevented, resulting in the stable, low-level transfusion
      requirements that have been observed in embolized thalassemics.

PMID- 3378600
TI  - [Solubilization of biological tissues for measuring radioactivity in a
      pharmacological experiment].
AB  - For studying distribution of drugs and their metabolites in organs of
      experimental animals by the method of radioactive indicators with recording of
      measurements of the compounds under study by means of a liquid-scintillaton
      counter, there is described a simple and available method of complete
      solubilization of a biological tissue. The method makes it possible to dissolve
      up to 10 g of a biological tissue without preliminary lyophilization.

PMID- 3378601
TI  - [The search for and study of new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations].

PMID- 3378602
TI  - [Nonuniform expression of the dopamine-positive effect in different central m
      cholinergic blockaders].
AB  - In experiments on rats the degrees of the central m-cholinergic blocking (by the
      ability to suppress arecoline-induced tremor /AT/) and dopamine-potentiating (by
      potentiation of apomorphine-induced stereotypy (AS] effects of amizyl, glypine,
      scopolamine and 4-methylpyperidylbenzylate (4-MP) and an esther of
      phenylcyclopentylglycolinic acid and tropanol (PCT) were compared. It was found
      that with respect to AS and AT one can distinguish central m-cholinergic blocking
      agents with milddly (PCT, glypine) and strongly (4-MP, amizyl) dopamine
      potentiating properties. None of these compounds administered in the doses
      corresponding to ED84 by AS influenced nicotine-induced tremor in rats.

PMID- 3378603
TI  - [Effect of acute and chronic administration of melatonin on the temporal dynamics
      of apomorphine-induced stereotypy].
AB  - Melatonin (1-20 mg/kg) weakened in a dose-dependent way the intensity degree of
      apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats. According to the spectral analysis data,
      this is followed by an increase of the number of waves with a short (2-3 per min)
      period in the temporal structure of stereotypy recorded every one minute. After
      administration of melatonin (1 mg/kg), the effect of apomorphine changed more in
      the afternoon (1-3 p.m.) than in the morning (6-8 a.m.) or the evening (6-8 p.m.)
      hours. The action of the hormone was of the adaptive character and was determined
      by the initial intensity of stereotypy. At chronic administration of melatonin (1
      mg/kg), irrespective of the time of the day, there was a significant attenuation
      of apomorphine effect.

PMID- 3378604
TI  - [Effect of piracetam on the postnatal development of rats].
AB  - Administration of piracetam (2 g/kg) to rats during the whole pregnancy caused a
      decrease of motor activity in young rats at an early age and an increase of the
      activity of adult male rats. The antenatal use of piracetam improved learning
      abilities and tolerance of stress situations in the offspring.

PMID- 3378605
TI  - [Brevikarin dihydrochloride--a new original anti-arrhythmia agent].
AB  - On six models of arrhythmias of atrial and ventricular types (induced by
      administration of aconitine, chlorcalcium, chlorbarium, strophanthin, chloroform
      adrenaline and by coronary occlusion) it was shown that in rats, cats and rabbits
      the antiarrhythmic, preventive and relieving activity of brevicarine
      dichlorhydrate exceeded that of quinidine, novocainamide and lidocaine in power
      by 3-5 times and in duration by 3-18 times.

PMID- 3378606
TI  - [Influence of kordaron, anaprilin, dimedrol and riboxin on the hemodynamic
      effects of strophanthin in experimental heart failure].
AB  - In experiments on 183 rats it was shown that cordarone, anapriline, dimedrol and
      riboxine increasing in experimental cardiac insufficiency tolerance to the
      cardiotoxic effect of strophanthin differ significantly by their influence on the
      hemodynamic effects of this cardiac glycoside. Cordarone increased intensity of
      the hemodynamic effects of strophanthin and accelerated their development. Under
      the action of anapriline and dimedrol the stimulating effect of strophanthin on
      hemodynamics decreased to a much lesser degree than its cardiotoxicity. Riboxine
      virtually abolished the hemodynamic effects of strophanthin.

PMID- 3378607
TI  - [Action of obzidan and isoptin on the indices of free-radical lipid peroxidation
      of the ischemic myocardium].
AB  - Effects of obsidan and isoptine on Fe2+-induced free radical lipid peroxidation
      (FRLP) were studied according to the data of chemoluminiscence (CL) and malon
      dialdehyde (MDA) content during experiments on the intact myocardium and at two
      thour ischemia of the myocardium as well in the suspension of egg yolk
      lipoproteids. It was found that in the intact myocardium obsidan (10% LD50)
      suppressed FRLP according to the CL data, simultaneously increasing MDA level,
      and in the ischemic myocardium significantly suppressed FRLP by a number of
      parameters. Isoptine in the intact myocardium exerted no effect on CL with a
      simultaneous increase of MDA level, and in the ischemic myocardium suppressed
      FRLP by most parameters. In the suspension of egg yolk lipoproteids obsidan and
      isoptine changed MDA concentration in a two-phase manner. Isoptine also had a two
      phase action on FRLP according to the CL data. A high antioxidative activity of
      obsidan in the suspension of egg yolk lipoproteids was noted as compared to that
      of isoptine. Based on the data of kinetics of Fe2+-induced CL in the suspension
      of egg yolk lipoproteids, obsidan is a true antioxidant by its mechanism of
      action and ispoptine is a structural antioxidant.

PMID- 3378608
TI  - [Action of beta-adrenomimetics on the degree of lysosomal membrane damage and
      glycogen phosphorylase activity of the ventricular myocardium of guinea pigs].
AB  - The effects of partusisten, novodrin and nonachlazine on the acid phosphatase and
      glycogenphosphorylase activities in the guinea pig ventricle myocardium were
      studied. The injection of partusisten (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the acid
      phosphatase activity and preserved the strong negative correlation between the
      free activity of acid phosphatase seen in control animals and the "free
      activity/total activity" ratio. Beta adrenergic agonists exerted different
      effects on the "glycogenphosphorylase B activity/glycogenphosphorylase A + B
      activity" ratio.

PMID- 3378609
TI  - [The direct effect of pancreatic kallikrein (andecalin) on blood coagulation and
      fibrinolysis indices].
AB  - A direct effect of the preparation of pancreatic kallikrein on plasma hemostasis
      state was shown in experiments in vitro. Incubation of plasma with kallikrein led
      to an insignificant activation of contact factors of coagulation and suppression
      of the final stages of the clot formation at the level of the active thrombin
      formation and the fibrin-monomer polymerization. The growth of the anticoagulant
      and fibrinolytic activity was found. The possibility of studying the preparation
      as a thrombolytic agent in thrombotic situations is discussed.

PMID- 3378610
TI  - [Immunomodulating therapy of adjuvant disease in rats].
AB  - During a comparative analysis of efficacy of prodigiosan and its combinations
      with cyclophosphamide (5 mg/kg), asathioprine (4 and 20 mg/kg) and delagil (25
      mg/kg) it was shown that the most pronounced suppression of the adjuvant disease
      was observed in the group of animals given cyclophosphamide with prodigiosan. The
      suppression of arthritis with cyclophosphamide, prodigiosan and their combination
      was followed by a decrease of autosensibility parameters--hypersensitivity to
      collagen and the amount of immune rosette-forming cells in the regional lymph
      nodes.

PMID- 3378611
TI  - [Metabolic products of methandrostenolone in the body of white rats studied by
      high-performance liquid chromatography].
AB  - Metabolism of the anabolic steroidal hormone methandrostenolone in Wistar rats
      was studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and redioisotope
      techniques. The conditions for isolation of methandrostenolone metabolites by
      HPLC were developed. Reduction of the double bonds was shown to be an early stage
      in methandrostenolone biotransformation. The main portion of the metabolites was
      excreted with urine as glucuronide conjugates. No sulfoesters were found.

PMID- 3378612
TI  - [Interrelation of the antihypoxic effect of indolinones with their structural,
      physicochemical and pharmacological characteristics].
AB  - The effect of different indolinones in hypobaric and other forms of hypoxia was
      studied. The antihypoxic effect was found to be provided by the presence of the
      structural indolin-2-one fragment. The relationship between the antihypoxic
      activity and various structural, physicochemical and pharmacological properties
      of the compounds of this series was established. Realization of the antihypoxic
      activity of indolinones at the functional and metabolic levels was shown to be
      possible.

PMID- 3378613
TI  - [Clinical and experimental research on the drug-metabolizing function of the
      liver in peritonitis].
AB  - It was found that in experimental peritonitis the activities of hepatic
      amidopyrine-N-dimethylase, aniline hydroxylase and NADPN cytochrome-C-reductase
      as well as the contents of cytochromes P-450 and B5 in the microsomal fraction of
      the liver significantly decrease and also there is prolongation of the half-life
      and reduction of the clearance of antipyrine. Similar changes in the drug
      pharmacokinetic were revealed also in the patients with developed and diffuse
      peritonitis, their degree being more significant in patients hospitalized in the
      toxic phase and especially in the terminal phase of the disease.

PMID- 3378614
TI  - [Effect of dopamine and its combination with furosemide on sodium transport in
      the rat kidney].
AB  - In experiments on rats phentolamine, propranolol, indomethacin were shown to
      exert no significant effect on the natriuretic action of dopamine, whereas
      haloperidol completely prevented it. In rats with chronic narrowing of the vena
      cava dopamine potentiated the diuretic and natriuretic effects of furosemide.

PMID- 3378615
TI  - [Mechanism of the action of potassium orotate on sodium excretion from the body].

PMID- 3378616
TI  - [Experimental evaluation of the specific and toxic properties of the liposome
      form of triombrast (verografin)].
AB  - In experiments on mice, rats, rabbits and dogs it was found that liposome
      incapsulated triombrast administered intravenously possesses specific properties
      of contrasting the liver and spleen. It accumulates predominantly in these organs
      and 80% of 125I-labeled triombrast is excreted within the first 24 hours, the
      rest amount is excreted within the first week. It was also shown that the drug
      conforms to safety standards of the Pharmacological Committee of the USSR
      Ministry of Health.

PMID- 3378617
TI  - [Phenobarbital--an inducer of bilignost excretion with the bile in rats].
AB  - It was found that a preliminary administration of phenobarbital to rats caused an
      increase of the rate of 125I-bilignost excretion in the bile by 46.6% but reduced
      its half-life in the blood by 48.3% and its excretion in the urine by 46.4%.
      Phenobarbital decreased the rate of 125I-bilignost absorption by the liver slices
      and increased the rate of release from them.

PMID- 3378618
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs in experimental splenectomy].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, hexenal, phenylbutasone and caffeine was studied
      in experiments on splenectomized male rats. It was found that the half-life of
      all the drugs increased and plasma clearance decreased. Total protein binding
      assessed by using congo red decreased to a certain degree after splenectomy. The
      main factor modifying pharmacokinetics of drugs following splenectomy is believed
      to be depression of biotransformation processes in the liver.

PMID- 3378619
TI  - A decapeptide motif for binding to the minor groove of DNA. A proposal.

PMID- 3378620
TI  - Ribosomal proteins S2, S6, S10, S14, S15 and S25 are localized on the surface of
      mammalian 40 S subunits and stabilize their conformation. A study with
      immobilized trypsin.
AB  - Trypsin immobilized on collagen membranes has been used to digest accessible
      ribosomal proteins of rat liver 40 S subunits. Six proteins (S2, S6, S10, S14,
      S15 and S25) have been found to be highly exposed on the surface of 40 S
      particles. They appear to be in close physical contact and localized in the same
      region of the subunit, most likely protruding at its surface. Electric
      birefringence reveals that digestion of these proteins results in unfolding of
      subunits: the birefringence of 40 S particles becomes negative, like that of RNA,
      the relaxation time undergoes a 15-fold decrease and the mechanism of orientation
      is drastically modified.

PMID- 3378621
TI  - Diol lipids are activators of protein kinase C.
AB  - Diol lipids (dioleoyl- and dioctanoylethylene glycol) at relatively low
      concentrations (approximately 10 microM) were found to activate significantly
      protein kinase C in the presence of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylinositol.
      Since diol lipids are widespread minor lipid constituents of many cells [(1974)
      Chem. Ind., 597-604], it has been suggested that they may be involved in the
      maintaining of basal protein kinase C activity in the absence of external
      stimuli.

PMID- 3378622
TI  - The effect of troponin C removal on the Ca2+-sensitive binding of Mg2+ AMPPNP to
      myofibrils.
AB  - It was previously shown that when rabbit skeletal myofibrils are titrated with
      Mg2+ AMPPNP under conditions that result in the dissociation of cross-bridges
      from the thin filaments (i.e. 50% ethylene glycol, 0 degrees C), Ca2+-sensitive,
      biphasic binding is observed. These titrations have been repeated using
      myofibrils from which the troponin C has been selectively removed. The
      disappearance of both Ca2+ sensitivity and biphasic binding is taken as evidence
      that the Ca2+ sensitivity is due to Ca2+ binding to troponin C and the biphasic
      binding of Mg2+ AMPPNP observed in intact myofibrils is not due to packing
      constraints or steric hindrance.

PMID- 3378623
TI  - Influence of 2-chloroadenosine on the nucleotide content of isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - 2-Chloroadenosine is presumably a non-metabolizable analogue of adenosine;
      however, this compound induced an increase in the enzymatically measured
      nucleotide content of isolated rat hepatocytes. HPLC separation and spectral
      analysis of the peaks showed that this increase may be related to the formation
      of 2-chloro nucleotides and that the 2-chloro nucleotides appeared in the first
      minutes of the incubation period. These results demonstrate that 2
      chloroadenosine may be metabolized by phosphorylation in rat liver cells.

PMID- 3378624
TI  - Derivation of the sequence of the signal peptide in human C4b-binding protein and
      interspecies cross-hybridisation of the C4bp cDNA sequence.
AB  - A 5' cDNA clone coding for human C4b-binding protein (C4bp) was isolated,
      characterised and sequenced to complete the cDNA sequence coding for residues 1
      32 thus confirming the protein sequence data of Chung et al. [(1985) Biochem. J.
      230, 133-141]. The sequence extended to allow derivation of the putative leader
      peptide sequence which was 32 residues in length and showed a high of
      hydrophobicity typical of other documented leader sequences. Cross hybridisation
      was detected between the human C4bp cDNA probes and genomic DNA isolated from
      various species on Southern blots suggesting that genomic sequence homologous to
      that coding for C4bp has been conserved during evolution.

PMID- 3378625
TI  - Phospholipid uptake by Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes.
AB  - The uptake of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and
      phosphatidylserine (PS) in Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes has been
      studied. Whereas uptake of phospholipids, in the absence of phospholipid transfer
      proteins, is negligible in control cells, the infected cells can incorporate
      considerable amounts of added phospholipids. The uptake is enhanced by the
      presence of lipid transfer proteins. Doubly labeled [3H]oleate, [14C]choline) PC
      does not undergo any appreciable remodelling following uptake, which strongly
      suggests that plasma PC is used as such for the biogenesis of the parasite
      membranes. Transport of extracellularly offered PS and PE towards the
      intraerythrocytic parasite and utilization of these lipids by the parasite are
      confirmed by the observation that these lipids are converted into respectively PE
      and PC. The extent and rate of these conversions depend on the way the
      phospholipids are introduced into the infected cells.

PMID- 3378626
TI  - Effect of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol on growth and membrane composition of
      Mycoplasma capricolum.
AB  - 7 beta-OH cholesterol in a cholesterol rich growth medium (5-10 micrograms/ml)
      extended the lag period and slowed down the growth rate of Mycoplasma capricolum
      cells. In a cholesterol poor medium (0.5 micrograms/ml) inadequate to support
      growth, 7 beta-OH cholesterol exerts a synergistic effect on growth. The 7 beta
      OH cholesterol was incorporated unchanged from the growth medium and could be
      recovered exclusively in the membrane fraction. The incorporation of the 7 beta
      OH cholesterol has no effect on the total phospholipid content but the DPG to PG
      ratio was markedly decreased. Exchange studies with lipid vesicles revealed that
      whereas most of the cholesterol underwent exchange, only about 20% of the 7 beta
      OH cholesterol was exchanged.

PMID- 3378627
TI  - Inhibition of cholesterol side-chain cleavage by intermediates of an alternative
      steroid biosynthetic pathway.
AB  - Mitochondrial preparations from endocrine tissues were incubated with radioactive
      cholesterol and the effect of hydroxylated metabolites of 23,24-dinor-5-cholen-3
      beta-ol (23,24-dinor-5-cholene-3 beta,20-diol and 23,24-dinor-5-cholene-3 beta,21
      diol) on the production of pregnenolone was measured. These compounds are
      intermediates in an alternative, sesterterpene pathway for steroid hormone
      biosynthesis. It was found that these materials, like the analogous side-chain
      hydroxylated derivatives of cholesterol (20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol and 22S
      hydroxycholesterol), inhibit cholesterol side-chain cleavage. The possibility
      that there could be a control mechanism whereby metabolites of 23,24-dinor-5
      cholen-3 beta-ol inhibit steroidogenesis occurring by the cholesterol pathway is
      discussed.

PMID- 3378628
TI  - Crystallization and crystal data on tyrosine phenol-lyase.
AB  - Crystals of the apoenzyme of tyrosine phenol-lyase (EC 4.1.99.2), a pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate-dependent enzyme from Citrobacter intermedius, have been grown by vapor
      diffusion of an ammonium sulfate solution to a protein solution. The crystals
      belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with dimensions of a = 75.5 A, b = 138.4 A and
      c = 94.1 A and diffract up to 2.7 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one
      half of the enzyme tetrameric molecule. Two heavy-atom derivatives of the
      crystals have been obtained.

PMID- 3378629
TI  - How do external parameters control fluxes and concentrations of metabolites? An
      additional relationship in the theory of metabolic control.
AB  - The flux through a metabolic pathway can be controlled by external signals from
      the environment. These signals are formally described as changes in external
      parameters, such as concentrations of external metabolites (substrates or
      effectors) or physical parameters, e.g. temperature, pH, ionic strength. It was
      proved that the response coefficient of the flux (or of the concentration) to a
      change in an external parameter is the weighted average of external elasticities
      of pathway enzymes towards this parameter; weight factors are the control
      coefficients of corresponding enzymes. As compared with the previously known
      relationships these ones are applicable to the more common case of parameters
      acting on more than one enzyme. Along with other applications, the use of the
      obtained relationships for control analysis of moiety-conserved cycles is
      considered.

PMID- 3378630
TI  - Activation of carcinogens by peroxidase. Horseradish peroxidase-mediated
      formation of benzenediazonium ion from a non-aminoazo dye, 1-phenylazo-2
      hydroxynaphthalene (Sudan I) and its binding to DNA.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (HRP/H2O2) oxidizes a
      carcinogenic non-aminoazo dye, 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene (Sudan I) to the
      ultimate carcinogen, which binds to calf thymus DNA. The principal product of
      Sudan I oxidation by the HRP/H2O2 system is the benzenediazonium ion. Minor
      products are hydroxy derivatives of Sudan I, in which the aromatic rings are
      hydroxylated. The principal oxidative product (the benzenediazonium ion) is
      responsible for the carcinogenicity of Sudan I, because this ion, formed from
      this azo dye, binds to DNA.

PMID- 3378631
TI  - Identification of [hydroxyproline3]-lysyl-bradykinin released from human
      kininogens by human urinary kallikrein.
AB  - The types of kinins released from purified native, single chain human high and
      low molecular mass kininogens (HMMKs and LMMKs, respectively) by purified human
      urinary kallikrein were separated by reverse-phase HPLC and quantitated by the
      rat uterus bioassay. [Hyp3]-lysyl-bradykinin, a recently discovered kinin,
      represented up to 58% of the biological activity released from 4 individual HMMK
      preparations purified from 4 different healthy volunteers. In contrast, the
      majority of the biological activity released from LMMKs purified from pooled
      plasma was identified as Lys-bradykinin and [Hyp3]-lysyl-bradykinin represented
      only 6.4 +/- 3.8%. These findings indicate posttranslation hydroxylation of human
      kininogens and suggest a preference of HMMKs for this modification.

PMID- 3378632
TI  - Improvement in HPLC fractionation of thyroxine-containing thyroglobulin tryptic
      peptides by prior Accell ion-exchange column chromatography.
AB  - The isolation and purification of the peptides containing the hormonogenic
      tyrosyl residues in thyroglobulin is of great interest to the understanding of
      structure-function relationships in this iodoprotein. This is usually performed
      in reduced alkylated selectively hydrolyzed thyroglobulin by subsequent HPLC
      fractionation. However, the main difficulty encountered when trying to isolate
      these peptides is their disproportion with respect to the total number of
      possible peptides (14 vs a total of 508). Several HPLC runs with different mobile
      phases are necessary and each run is accompanied with significant losses of the
      peptides to be purified. In an attempt to improve the separation of the T4
      containing peptides in thyroglobulin tryptic digests from the much more abundant
      iodotyrosine-containing ones, which are present as contaminants, we have used a
      very simple and fast step prior to the HPLC fractionation as it is a self-packed
      ion-exchange column chromatography. This preliminary step results in an
      improvement in the separation of these peptides and leads to a relative
      enrichment of the hormonogenic peptides falling in different zones of the HPLC
      chromatogram, which facilitates their subsequent separation and purification by
      HPLC.

PMID- 3378633
TI  - [Food allergy in adults].

PMID- 3378634
TI  - [Dietotherapy in pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 3378635
TI  - [Therapeutic nutrition in gout].

PMID- 3378636
TI  - [Characteristics of drug use during pregnancy].

PMID- 3378637
TI  - [Intestinal dysbacteriosis in children].

PMID- 3378638
TI  - [Osteoporosis].

PMID- 3378639
TI  - [Clinical picture and treatment of neurovascular syndromes of the upper
      extremity].

PMID- 3378640
TI  - [Status asthmaticus].

PMID- 3378641
TI  - [Working conditions for the visually disabled in vocational training
      enterprises].

PMID- 3378642
TI  - [Sulfanilamides].

PMID- 3378643
TI  - [Work of the paramedical personnel in a railroad hospital during the transition
      to universal dispensary care for the population].

PMID- 3378644
TI  - [Collection of the silver in x-ray photo laboratories].

PMID- 3378645
TI  - A separate Department of Health will ensure quality care.

PMID- 3378646
TI  - Nurse's role in HIV counseling and testing.

PMID- 3378647
TI  - ANA's "Top Ten" federal legislative priorities.

PMID- 3378648
TI  - Nevocytic nevi and skin complexion.
AB  - There exists a large body of evidence that the occurrence of nevocytic nevi is
      closely related to skin complexion. Nevi are more frequent in Caucasians with a
      light skin than in those with a dark phenotype. In Orientals and Negroids
      nevocytic nevi are uncommon. Within a black population subjects with a relatively
      light complexion have greater total counts than those with a very dark skin. It
      is concluded that literature data dealing with mole proneness in relation to skin
      complexion strongly point to an association of high nevus counts with light
      complexion. This applies to differences between racial groups as well as to
      differences between complexion phenotypes within a given racial group.

PMID- 3378649
TI  - The Mosan Study Group of pigmented neoplasms.
AB  - The Mosan Study Group of Pigmented Neoplasms groups 9 dermatopathologists and
      pathologists from 9 laboratories. We collect information concerning the
      epidemiology and the histological nature of malignant melanomas and of their
      precursors in a circumscribed part of Belgium. During the past three decades
      there has been a steadily increasing number of primary cutaneous malignant
      melanomas other than those developed on lentigo maligna. Women are twice more
      often affected than men. Malignant melanomas supervening on a preexisting
      melanocytic nevus are of rare occurrence.

PMID- 3378651
TI  - Photosensitive psoriasis provoked by a suberythematous dose of ultraviolet-B
      light.
AB  - An unusual case of 'photosensitive psoriasis' is reported. This patient had
      experienced an exacerbation after sea-bathing, and psoriatic eruptions were
      observed on the sun-exposed areas of the body. Phototesting with ultraviolet-B
      (UV-B) revealed his minimal erythema dose to be within normal limits. Three to
      four weeks after phototesting, however, he developed a psoriatic macule on the
      area exposed to the suberythematous dose of UV-B. The histologic features of the
      skin lesion provoked by UV-B irradiation were similar to those of naturally
      occurring lesions on areas covered by clothes. Moreover, failure to reproduce
      skin lesions following tape-stripping ruled out a proneness of this patient to
      develop the Kobner phenomenon nonspecifically.

PMID- 3378650
TI  - Malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Report of
      2 cases.
AB  - Two cases of malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with non-Hodgkin's
      lymphoma are presented. A 61-year-old negro male with a diffuse large cell non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma presented extensive acanthosis nigricans, pachydermatoglyphy
      and florid cutaneous papillomatosis. No viral particles were observed by electron
      microscopic studies of the wart-like lesions. Acanthosis nigricans disappeared
      under chemotherapy. The second case was a 21-year-old caucasian male with non T
      non B diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Very few cases of acanthosis
      nigricans associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reported in the
      literature, since to our knowledge these two are only the fourth and fifth.
      Pachydermatoglyphy and florid cutaneous papillomatosis are markers of malignant
      acanthosis nigricans.

PMID- 3378652
TI  - Keratoderma climacterium treatment with topical estrogen.

PMID- 3378653
TI  - Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with pustulotic arthro-osteitis.
AB  - The chemotactic response of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was determined in four groups of
      persons (I) 19 patients with pustulosis palmoplantaris (PPP) and skeletal
      disorder (pustulotic arthro-osteitis); (II) 15 patients with a similar anterior
      chest wall involvement, but no PPP; (III) 9 patients with PPP, but without
      skeletal involvement, and (IV) 69 healthy adults (controls). The chemotactic
      activity of PMNs was found to be significantly increased in groups I-III, and
      patients with a similar osteoarthropathy, but no PPP compared with the controls.
      Furthermore the patients with pustulotic arthrosteitis had enhanced chemotactic
      activity compared with the patients with PPP only. This indicates that both
      skeletal involvement and PPP are somehow related to the function of PMNs.
      Colchicine was found of benefit in 2 of 3 group I, and in 6 group II patients,
      and it normalized their PMN chemotaxis.

PMID- 3378654
TI  - HLA and multiple skin carcinomas.
AB  - The presence of HLA-associated genetic factors in patients with multiple skin
      carcinomas was investigated. 43 patients affected by multiple basal and squamous
      cell carcinomas and 220 healthy age-matched controls were typed for 72 HLA-A, B,
      C, DR antigens. A negative association of B-17 (mostly B-58) and a positive
      association of Cw-3 and DR-1 was observed in patients with multiple basal cell
      carcinomas; a similar negative association with B-58 and positive association
      with DR-1 was seen in patients with squamous cell carcinomas. The results of this
      study suggest the presence of resistance factors to the development of skin
      cancers associated with B-17 (B-58) antigen.

PMID- 3378655
TI  - Arotinoid acid (Ro 13-7410): a pilot study in dermatology.
AB  - Ro 13-7410 was given to 29 patients (a total of 38 treatment courses) for 7.5
      weeks (range 4-23). This compound is one of the most potent retinoids ever
      synthetized and has the highest affinity to human skin cellular retinoic-acid
      binding protein. At therapeutically active doses, it did not induce the commonly
      seen mucocutaneous signs of retinoid toxicity such as scaling and cheilitis; over
      0.5 microgram/kg body weight/day, it very frequently induced an eczematous
      retinoid dermatitis. This pilot study provides some indications on what appears
      to be in several aspects a drug quite distinct from retinoids previously used in
      humans.

PMID- 3378656
TI  - Familial porphyria cutanea tarda in a 7-year-old girl.
AB  - We report a case of familial porphyria cutanea tarda (FPCT) in a 7-year-old girl.
      The condition was exacerbated by low dose of hydroxychloroquin, but controlled by
      venesection. The favorable prognosis of FPCT should be further established by
      long-term prospective studies.

PMID- 3378657
TI  - Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a clinical and ultrastructural observation.
AB  - Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) was observed in a 49-year-old Japanese man.
      His clinical signs included alopecia, dystrophic nails and palmoplantar
      keratoderma, but his teeth, facial appearance and sweating were normal. In his
      family, 9 members in 5 generations were affected, suggesting that the disorder
      has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Biopsy specimens of the
      hyperkeratotic lesions of the palm and sole were studied with an electron
      microscope. The most prominent feature was the increase of the number of
      desmosomal discs in the thickened stratum corneum, suggesting that hyperkeratosis
      observed in HED is due to the delayed desquamation of the stratum corneum.

PMID- 3378658
TI  - Less idiopathic forms of chronic urticaria?

PMID- 3378659
TI  - Twice daily netilmicin therapy in paediatric patients with systemic infections.
AB  - This open investigation evaluated twice daily administration of netilmicin in
      infants and children with systemic infections. Thirty-four patients aged 2-41
      months, were enrolled; 28 and 34 were evaluable for efficacy and safety,
      respectively. Netilmicin was administered intravenously or intramuscularly every
      12 h at a dosage of 2.0-4.4 mg/kg (mean 3.5 mg/kg) for 5-15 days (mean 11 days).
      Throughout the trial, signs and symptoms of infection were evaluated in
      conjunction with laboratory data to determine patients' clinical response;
      specimens from appropriate sites were cultured to determine bacteriological
      response; and laboratory tests were performed to monitor haematopoietic, hepatic
      and renal functions. Peak and trough serum netilmicin levels were measured during
      treatment. Clinical responses included complete resolution in 26/28 (93%)
      patients, improvement in 1/28 (4%) and failure in 1/28 (4%). Bacteriological
      responses included elimination of 34/36 (94%) pathogens and persistence of 1/36
      (3%); response was indeterminate for 1/36 (3%). Peak serum netilmicin levels of
      5.1-14.1 micrograms/ml and trough serum netilmicin values of 0.1-1.5
      micrograms/ml remained within acceptable ranges during treatment. No clinically
      significant changes in haematopoietic, hepatic and renal functions were evident
      during the trial. Untoward reactions were limited to redness and/or induration at
      the administration site in 4/34 (12%) patients.

PMID- 3378660
TI  - A comparative study of frusemide-amiloride and cyclopenthiazide-potassium
      chloride in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure in general practice.
AB  - Forty-seven patients entered this comparison of frusemide-amiloride and
      cyclopenthiazide-potassium chloride in the treatment of congestive cardiac
      failure in general practice. Frusemide-amiloride was 'very satisfactory' in 92%
      of the patients compared to only 55% who took cyclopenthiazide-potassium
      chloride. Significantly more patients were free of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
      and orthopnoea after taking frusemide-amiloride.

PMID- 3378661
TI  - Oxaprozin versus diclofenac sodium in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.
AB  - The efficacy and tolerance of 1200 mg/day oxaprozin and 100 mg/day diclofenac
      sodium were compared in 40 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a 6-week open
      study. Overall improvement was seen in the patients in both treatment groups.
      Oxaprozin-treated patients showed significant improvement in spontaneous pain of
      the vertebral spine and in morning stiffness after 6 weeks' treatment. There were
      no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups. Therapy
      was discontinued in 10 patients; five treated with oxaprozin (three because of
      intolerance and two because of worsening of symptoms) and five taking diclofenac
      sodium (four because of intolerance and one because of worsening of symptoms).
      Five (25%) oxaprozin-treated patients and six (30%) diclofenac sodium-treated
      patients had side-effects, with gastro-intestinal disturbances and dizziness
      reported most frequently. There were no statistically significant differences
      between the groups in the frequency of side-effects. These results indicate that
      oxaprozin is a promising therapeutic agent for ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3378663
TI  - Growth factors and TPA stimulate DNA synthesis and alter the morphology of
      cultured terminally differentiated adult rat cardiac muscle cells.
AB  - Previous studies have established that the terminally differentiated ventricular
      cardiac muscle cell of the adult rat reinitiates semiconservative DNA replication
      when grown in culture (W. C. Claycomb and H. D. Bradshaw, Jr., 1983, Dev. Biol.
      90, 331-337). Work reported here shows that several growth factors and chemicals
      will stimulate this DNA synthetic activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
      Autoradiographic experiments establish that this stimulated DNA synthesis is due
      to cells not previously synthesizing DNA being induced to enter the S phase of
      the cell cycle. By far the greatest stimulation (250%) is observed with the tumor
      promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Fifty ng/ml is the optimal
      concentration, and the maximal effect is observed 5 days after adding TPA. TPA
      also substantially increases the protein content of the cultured myocytes.
      Diacylyglcerols (DAG) induce these same changes, indicating that the effect of
      TPA is mediated by protein kinase C. The morphology of the cultured cardiac
      muscle cells is profoundly altered by TPA and DAG. TPA- and DAG-treated myocytes
      spread more thinly on the surface of the culture flask, acquire multiple nuclei,
      and undergo nucleolar fragmentation. The myofibrillar ultrastructure of the
      treated cells becomes almost totally disorganized, and intermediate filaments and
      rough endoplasmic reticulum accumulate in the cytoplasm. These TPA results
      suggest a possible relationship between the degree of ultrastructural
      differentiation of the ventricular cardiac muscle cell and DNA synthetic
      activity. This easily altered cellular plasticity should be very useful for
      studies of the regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation and cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 3378664
TI  - Proximal tissues and patterned neurite outgrowth at the lumbosacral level of the
      chick embryo: partial and complete deletion of the somite.
AB  - The development of patterned axon outgrowth and dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
      formation was examined after partially or totally removing chick somitic
      mesoderm. Since the dermamyotome is not essential and a full complement of limb
      muscles developed, alterations in neural patterns could be ascribed to deletion
      of sclerotome. When somitic tissue was completely removed, axons extended and DRG
      formed, but in an unsegmented pattern. Therefore the somite does not elicit
      outgrowth of axons or migration of DRG precursors, it is not a manditory
      substratum and it is not required for DRG condensation. These results suggest
      that posterior sclerotome is relatively inhibitory to invasion, an inhibition
      that is released when sclerotome is absent. When somites were partially deleted,
      axonal segmentation was not lost proportionally with the amount of sclerotome
      removed, suggesting that properties that may vary with sclerotome volume (such as
      diffusible cues) do not play a primary role. Instead, spinal nerves lost
      segmentation only when ventral sclerotome was deleted, regardless of whether
      dorsal sclerotome was or was not removed. This strongly suggests that axonal
      segmentation is imposed by direct interactions between growth cones and
      extracellular matrices or surfaces sclerotome cells. While DRG tended to be
      normally segmented when ventral sclerotome was deleted and to lose segmentation
      when dorsomedial sclerotome was absent, a coordinate loss of DRG segmentation
      with sclerotome volume could not be ruled out. However it is clear that axonal
      and DRG segmentation are independent. Observations on a subset of embryos in
      which the notochord was displaced relative to the spinal cord suggest that the
      ventromedial sclerotome surrounding the notochord inhibits axon advance.
      Posterior and ventromedial sclerotome are hypothesized to act as barriers to axon
      outgrowth due to some feature of their common cartilaginous development. Specific
      innervation patterns were also examined. When the notochord was displaced toward
      the control limb, axons on this side made and corrected projection errors,
      suggesting that the notochord can influence the precision of axonal pathway
      selection. In contrast, motor axons that entered the limb on all operated sides
      innervated muscle with their normal precision despite the absence of the somite
      and axonal segmentation. Therefore, the somite and the process of spinal nerve
      segmentation are largely irrelevant to the specificity of motoneuron projection.

PMID- 3378662
TI  - Decontamination of the oral cavity. Effect of six local anti-microbial
      preparations in comparison to water and parafilm as controls.
AB  - Six preparations (four liquid and two solid) were tested in a double-blind
      crossover design for their anti-bacterial effect on aerobic and anaerobic
      bacteria in saliva of 12 volunteers. The four liquid preparations contained
      either tyrothricin, hexetidine, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol and were tested
      against a rinse with water as control. The two solid preparations, in the form of
      lozenges, contained tyrothricin in doses of 4 or 10 mg and were tested against
      parafilm. A single rinse with either tyrothricin or hexetidine resulted in a
      significant reduction of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva which lasted
      for the whole 1 h observation period and was considerably more effective than
      hydrogen peroxide or ethanol. Similar results were seen with the solid
      preparations. The lozenge containing 10 mg tyrothricin was the most effective and
      was the only formulation capable of reducing oral aerobic bacterial counts by a
      factor of approximately 100.

PMID- 3378665
TI  - Molecular analysis of cDNA coding for ZP3, a sperm binding protein of the mouse
      zona pellucida.
AB  - At fertilization, mammalian sperm bind is a species-specific manner to the
      extracellular zona pellucida that surrounds ovulated eggs. ZP3, an 83,000-85,000
      Da glycoprotein of the murine zona pellucida, has been shown to inhibit sperm
      binding via its O-linked oligosaccharide side chains. We have recently isolated
      cDNA clones coding for ZP3 and have demonstrated that ZP3 transcripts are
      accumulated in oocytes where their expression is developmentally regulated during
      oogenesis. We now report that ZP3 mRNA is 1317 nt long with an estimated poly(A)
      tail of 200-300 nt. The short 29-nt 5' untranslated region is followed by a
      single open reading frame coding for a polypeptide chain of 46,307 Da which
      includes six possible sites for N-linked oligosaccharides. The N-terminus of ZP3
      contains a potential 22-amino acid signal peptide which upon cleavage would
      result in a secreted core protein of 43,943 Da. The termination codon is a part
      of the AATAAA polyadenylation signal and is contained in an unusually short 16-nt
      3' untranslated region. Sequences homologous to ZP3 are conserved among mammals
      and are expressed in ovarian tissue as mature transcripts with indistinguishable
      molecular weights.

PMID- 3378666
TI  - Myosin heavy chain expression during development and following denervation of
      fast fibers in the red strip of the chicken pectoralis.
AB  - The myosin heavy chain composition of muscle fibers that comprise the red strip
      of the pectoralis major was determined at different stages of development and
      following adult denervation. Using a library of characterized monoclonal
      antibodies we found that slow fibers of the red strip do not react with
      antibodies to any of the fast myosin heavy chains of the superficial pectoralis.
      Immunocytochemical analysis of the fast fibers of the adult red strip revealed
      that they contain the embryonic fast myosin heavy chain rather than the adult
      pectoral isoform found throughout the adult white pectoralis. This was confirmed
      using immunoblot analysis of myosin heavy chain peptide maps. We show that during
      development of the red strip both neonatal and adult myosin heavy chains appear
      transiently, but then disappear during maturation. Furthermore, while the fibers
      of the superficial pectoralis reexpress the neonatal isoform as a result of
      denervation, the fibers of the red strip reexpress the adult isoform. Our data
      demonstrate a new developmental program of fast myosin heavy chain expression in
      the chicken and suggest that the heterogeneity of myosin heavy chain expression
      in adult fast fibers results from repression of specific isoforms by innervation.

PMID- 3378667
TI  - Filamentous actin organization in the unfertilized sea urchin egg cortex.
AB  - We have investigated the organization of filamentous actin in the cortex of
      unfertilized eggs of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus
      variegatus. Rhodamine phalloidin and anti-actin immunofluorescent staining of
      isolated cortices reveal a punctate pattern of fluorescent sources. Comparison of
      this pattern with SEM images of microvillar morphology and distribution indicates
      that filamentous actin in the cortex is predominantly localized in the
      microvilli. Thin-section TEM and quick-freeze deep-etch ultrastructure of
      isolated cortices demonstrates that this microvillar-associated actin is in a
      novel organizational state composed of very short filaments arranged in a tight
      network and that these filament networks form mounds that extend beyond the plane
      of the plasma membrane. Actin filaments within the networks do not exhibit free
      ends and make end-on attachments with the membrane only within the region of the
      evaginating microvilli. Myosin S-1 dissociable crosslinks, 2-3 nm in diameter,
      are observed between network filaments and between network filaments and the
      membrane. A second population of long, individual actin filaments is observed in
      close lateral association with the plasma membrane and frequently complexes with
      the microvillar actin networks. The filamentous actin of the unfertilized egg
      cortex may participate in establishing the mechanical properties of the egg
      surface and may function in nucleating the assembly of cortical actin following
      fertilization.

PMID- 3378669
TI  - Collagens support embryo attachment and outgrowth in vitro: effects of the Arg
      Gly-Asp sequence.
AB  - Collagen types I through VI support attachment and outgrowth of mouse blastocysts
      in vitro. We found that embryos acquire the ability to attach to collagens type
      II and VI relatively early in their developmental program. The time at which half
      of the embryos displayed outgrowth formation and the morphology of outgrowths
      formed on these two collagen types are similar to those observed for laminin,
      fibronectin, and hyaluronate. Embryos acquire the ability to outgrow on the other
      collagen types at a later time in culture. Both "native" and denatured collagens
      support embryo attachment and outgrowth, indicating that this activity is
      intrinsic to the primary collagens' structure. A synthetic peptide containing the
      sequence Arg-Gly-Asp inhibits embryo outgrowth on collagen type II and denatured
      collagen type IV, whereas a peptide containing the related sequence, Arg-Gly-Glu,
      has relatively little effect on embryo outgrowth. In contrast, embryo attachment
      to collagen types I, V, and VI was not inhibited specifically by the Arg-Gly-Asp
      peptide sequence. Consequently, it appears that embryos use multiple adhesion
      systems to attach to collagens. Among these are adhesion systems that have a
      peptide recognition specificity similar to that of fibronectin receptors. These
      studies indicate that embryo interactions with collagens may be one aspect of the
      tissue invasion processes that take place during implantation.

PMID- 3378668
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of transient DNA strand breaks in differentiating
      myotubes using in situ nick-translation.
AB  - We have localized DNA strand breaks during in vitro chicken myogenesis by
      repairing nicks in nuclei of fixed cell monolayers in situ with biotin-11-dUTP,
      followed by immunocytochemical detection of incorporated biotin with rabbit anti
      biotin and FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies. No accumulations of biotin
      sufficient for immunocytochemical detection were observed in 23-hr cultures of
      dividing cells. In 33- and 43-hr cultures, biotin was first detected in only 3%
      of the nuclei, all of which appeared to be in fusing myoblasts or small myotubes.
      In contrast, cultures of young, highly fused myotubes (56 hr) exhibited 18%
      biotinylated nuclei; virtually all of these nuclei, most of which were grouped as
      aggregates, were within myotubes. In older cultures (73 and 94 hr) incorporation
      of biotin into myotube nuclei markedly decreased, while increases were noted in
      nuclei of mononuclear cells. These results indicate that extensive single
      stranded DNA nicking occurs in nuclei of young myotubes, followed by repair as
      terminal differentiation ensues.

PMID- 3378670
TI  - Developmental patterns of expression and coexpression of myosin heavy chains in
      atria and ventricles of the avian heart.
AB  - Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and
      immunohistochemistry were used to determine the molecular properties of cardiac
      myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and the regions of the developing chicken heart
      in which they were expressed. Adult atria expressed three electrophoretically
      distinct MHCs that reacted specifically with mAbs F18, F59, or S58. During
      embryonic Days 2-4, when the atrial and ventricular chambers are forming, MHCs
      that reacted with mAbs F18, F59, or S58 were expressed in both the atria and
      ventricles. The atria continued to express MHCs that reacted with mAbs F18, F59,
      or S58 at all stages of development and in the adult. In the ventricles,
      expression of the MHCs reacting with these mAbs was found to be developmentally
      regulated. By embryonic Day 16, MHC(s) reacting with mAb F18 had disappeared from
      the developing ventricles, whereas MHCs reacting with S58 and F59 continued to be
      expressed throughout the ventricles. As development continued, MHC(s) reacting
      with S58 in the ventricle became restricted to expression in only the ventricular
      conducting system. MHC(s) reacting with F59 were expressed in both the
      ventricular myocytes and the ventricular conducting system throughout development
      and in the adult. Thus, in contrast to the embryonic chicken heart where at least
      three MHC isoforms were expressed in both the atria and ventricles, we found in
      the adult chicken heart that-at a minimum-three MHC isoforms were expressed in
      the atria, two MHC isoforms were expressed in the ventricular conducting system,
      and one MHC isoform in the ventricular myocardium. MHC isoform expression in the
      developing avian heart appears to be more complex than previously recognized.

PMID- 3378671
TI  - Temporal and spatial control of silk gene transcription analyzed by nuclear run
      on assays.
AB  - In vivo transcriptional activity of the Bombyx mori fibroin and sericin genes was
      estimated by nuclear run-on assay. Tissue-specific and developmental stage
      specific expression of the fibroin and sericin genes through larval development
      was shown to be primarily regulated at the level of transcription. The expression
      patterns of these two genes are quite different in their developmental profile,
      suggesting that they are probably regulated by different underlying mechanisms. A
      finer spatial control of transcription could be found. The sericin gene
      transcription is mostly restricted to the posterior region of the middle silk
      gland throughout the fifth larval instar. Interestingly, the fibroin gene
      transcription is observed only in the anterior region of the posterior silk gland
      on the first day of the fifth instar, and spreads toward the posterior region as
      the fifth instar stage proceeds.

PMID- 3378672
TI  - Persistence and replication of plasmid DNA microinjected into early embryos of
      Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The persistence and replication of defined circular and linear plasmid DNA
      molecules microinjected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis were analyzed. For
      all plasmids tested, a small fraction of microinjected circular molecules was
      replicated; however, the overall copy numbers of either free form I or form II
      molecules usually did not increase through blastulation. In contrast, extensive
      amplification of input DNA sequences was seen whenever the microinjected DNA was
      assembled into high molecular weight concatemers. Moreover, the appearance and
      subsequent replication of injected sequences in high molecular weight DNA were
      enhanced when linear (form III), rather than circular, molecules were
      microinjected. The injected form III DNA was rapidly converted into long linear
      concatemers. All possible orientations of monomeric molecules within the
      concatemers were observed although, on occasion, head-to-tail orientations were
      favored. Long linear concatemers were replicated very efficiently, irrespective
      of the sequence of the input DNA. Form I and form II DNA molecules were also
      formed in the embryo from microinjected form III DNA. A small fraction of these
      circular forms was replicated, although overall copy numbers did not increase
      significantly. Form III molecules that remained monomeric were not observed to be
      replicated at all within our limits of detection. In some batches of embryos,
      form I and form II DNA molecules were replicated to the extent that overall copy
      number increased. Even in these cases, however, the amplification of long linear
      concatemers of the input DNA sequences was more efficient.

PMID- 3378673
TI  - A molecular marker for cell guidance information in the axolotl embryo.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory suggested that the elongation of the
      pronephric duct (PND) in the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum is directed by an
      adhesion gradient along the migrating cells' substratum. We have also shown that
      cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are able to follow the PND guidance information,
      for which these cells serve as useful probes (S.L. Zackson and M.S. Steinberg,
      (1986) Dev. Biol. 117, 342-353). These experiments allow the construction of a
      map of the cell guidance information. This map is presumed to reflect a molecular
      prepattern representing the distribution of a cell guidance associated molecule
      (CGAM) responsible for the ensuing pattern of cell migration. We refer to this
      proposal as the molecular prepattern hypothesis. In this paper we describe and
      identify a candidate CGAM displaying a localization pattern corresponding closely
      with our map of the PND/CNC guidance information on the embryonic flank. This
      candidate CGAM is also found to be abundant on the posterior neural tube, an
      embryonic region not previously explored for PND/CNC guidance information. The
      latter observation has provided the opportunity for an independent test of the
      correlation between the presence of this molecule in an embryonic region and the
      ability of that region to direct cell migration. We have found that grafted CNC
      cells do indeed migrate upon the strongly labeling posterior neural tube in
      preference to the neighboring poorly labeling presomitic mesoderm. We identify
      this candidate CGAM as the cell surface enzyme alkaline phosphatase. Possible
      roles for alkaline phosphatase in directing embryonic cell migrations are
      discussed.

PMID- 3378674
TI  - Polarized site of sperm entrance in the egg of a freshwater bivalve, Unio
      elongatulus.
AB  - We studied the organization of the egg of a freshwater bivalve, Unio elongatulus.
      This egg is markedly polarized. At the vegetal pole there is a crater which
      constitutes the point of attachment of the growing oocyte to the ovarian wall.
      This has previously been interpreted as a micropyle. We show that the sperm does
      not enter the egg through the crater but in a differentiated region around it,
      mostly at its base. This region is characterized by a wrinkled surface and is the
      only site of the vitelline coat which specifically binds the lectin from Lotus
      tetragonolobus. The egg reacts explosively upon fertilization, ejecting vacuolar
      material from the crater. The role of this "egg reaction" in relation to the
      prevention of polyspermy is discussed.

PMID- 3378675
TI  - Development of acetylcholinesterase induced by basic polypeptide-coated latex
      beads in cultured Xenopus muscle cells.
AB  - The formation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters can be induced by basic
      polypeptide-coated latex beads in cultured Xenopus muscle cells. Here we
      investigated the development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the bead-induced
      AChR clusters. AChE activity began to appear at the clusters after 1 day of bead
      muscle coculture and was present at all of the bead-induced clusters within 4-7
      days. Electron microscopy revealed that AChE reaction products were discretely
      localized within the cleft and the membrane invaginations at the bead-muscle
      contacts. Thus, the beads can mimic the nerve in inducing a local accumulation of
      both the AChRs and AChE, suggesting that the development of both specializations
      can be effected by a common stimulus.

PMID- 3378676
TI  - Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns.
AB  - The association between behavioral distress and adrenocortical activity was
      examined in two experiments with human newborns. In Experiment 1, behavioral and
      adrenocortical responses to 4 events (circumcision, blood sampling, weighing and
      measuring, and discharge examination) were compared using a between-subject
      design. All 4 events elicited fussing and crying and elevations in plasma
      cortisol; however, differences in behavioral distress among conditions did not
      reliably predict differences in plasma cortisol. In Experiment 2, nonnutritive
      sucking was used to effectively reduce behavioral distress, but was not
      associated with a reduction in the adrenocortical response to stimulation.
      Finally, using data from both experiments, correlations were computed between
      behavioral distress and cortisol. Both positive and negative associations were
      found as a function of the type of stressor and the biomedical status of the
      newborn.

PMID- 3378677
TI  - Social specificity: interaction with own species is necessary to foster species
      specific maternal preference in ducklings.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that if domestic mallard ducklings are allowed social
      interaction with broodmates after their initial exposure to a stuffed mallard
      (Anas platyrhynchos) hen, they later show a visual preference for the familiar
      mallard over an unfamiliar redhead (Aythya americana) hen. Birds kept in social
      isolation do not make this difficult discrimination. In the present study, we
      examined whether this social enhancement of imprintability to a natural maternal
      model is merely the result of social stimulation in its most general sense, or if
      its effects are specific to social interaction for 30 min (training). This
      experience resulted in visual preference for the familiar mallard hen over the
      unfamiliar redhead hen in simultaneous choices tests at 48 hr and 72 hr after
      hatching only if the birds were allowed social experience with a group of same
      age undomesticated mallard hatchings. No visual preference for the familiar
      mallard hen was found if the ducklings were permitted social experience with a
      group of same-age chick (Gallus domesticus) hatchlings or muscovy (Cairina
      moschata) ducklings. Thus, it appears that for ducklings to show a visually
      imprinted preference for a natural maternal model, they must be allowed social
      interaction with broodmates of their own species. Social rearing with other
      precocial bird hatchlings, even other ducklings, is without apparent effect.
      These results provide further evidence of the importance of nonobvious
      experimental factors in the development of species-typical behavior. They also
      suggest that in the evolution of the species-specific learning underlying early
      species identification, natural selection has operated on the entire (organism
      environment) developmental manifold and not merely on genetic, organic, or
      organismic aspects of that system.

PMID- 3378678
TI  - Play-fighting in the Syrian golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse, and
      its relationship to serious fighting during postweaning development.
AB  - In the Syrian golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus, play-fighting precedes serious
      fighting during postweaning development, and so may be thought to be a
      developmental precursor to adult aggression. However, based on both the targets
      attacked--that is, the cheek pouches during play-fighting and the rump or flanks
      during serious fighting, and the behavior patterns employed to attack and defend
      these targets--these two forms of fighting are shown to remain distinct from each
      other throughout development, even during the ages where they overlap. The
      decline of play in post-sexually-mature animals is shown to result from an
      increasing intolerance to contact between animals, and hence greater difficulty
      in the maintenance of a "playful mood." Therefore, these data show that play
      fighting does not grade into serious fighting, and thus does not serve as a
      developmental precursor to adult aggression.

PMID- 3378679
TI  - Pre- and postnatal choline supplementation produces long-term facilitation of
      spatial memory.
AB  - Although research has demonstrated that short-term improvement in memory function
      of adult rats can occur when the availability of precursors for the
      neurotransmitter acetylcholine is increased, little is known about whether memory
      function of adult rats can be permanently altered by precursor supplementation
      during early development. In the present study, male albino rats were exposed to
      choline chloride supplementation both prenatally (through the diet of pregnant
      rats) and postnatally (subcutaneous injections). At 60 days of age rats were
      tested on a 12- and 18-arm radial maze task. Results indicated that compared to
      control littermates, perinatal choline-treated rats showed more accurate
      performance on both working and reference memory components of the task. This
      performance difference was apparent on the first block of sessions and continued
      throughout training. Further analysis revealed that the difference between
      choline and control rats is not due to use of differential response or cue-use
      strategies. Instead, it appears that choline induced performance differences are
      due to long-term enhancement of spatial memory capacity and precision.

PMID- 3378680
TI  - Associative processes in differentially reared monkeys (Macaca mulatta): sensory
      preconditioning.
AB  - Past research has indicated that with regard to performance in formal learning
      test situations, early socially isolated rhesus monkeys display atypical
      reactions to noxious stimuli, deficits in response inhibition, slower adaptation
      to reinforcement contingencies, and lower performance on oddity tasks. Twelve
      adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), 6 who had been reared in total isolation
      for the first 9 months of life 19 years earlier, and 6 socially reared, were
      tested in a sensory preconditioning paradigm. In phase I, two neutral stimuli (S1
      S2) were paired in contiguous fashion; in phase II the S2 stimulus was
      conditioned to elicit a startle response; and in phase III the S1 stimulus was
      presented to assess whether an association between the two stimuli had been
      formed during the initial phase. Instead of a deficit, isolate subjects showed
      significantly more response transfer during phase III as compared to the
      controls. The superior performance displayed by isolates is viewed as resulting
      from a slower habituation to S1-S2 stimuli during preconditioning along with the
      perseveration of responses during testing. These findings support the notion that
      atypical cognitive processing across a lifespan is a consequence of early social
      impoverishment.

PMID- 3378681
TI  - Sensory determinants of nipple-attachment behavior in 2-4-day-old kittens.
AB  - Fourteen kittens, 2-4 days of age, were studied on their anesthetized dams for
      nipple attachment behavior. In agreement with a previous report (Larson, M. A., &
      Stein, B. E., 1984, Dev. Psychobiol., 17: 423-436) we find that olfaction
      contributed rather little to nipple attachment in kittens. The major determinants
      appear to be tactile, centering in the mouth and trigeminal projection field. The
      behavior of kittens with temporary oral and/or trigeminal deafferentation is
      described in detail to provide some understanding of the contribution of each of
      those areas to nipple attachment in kittens.

PMID- 3378682
TI  - Behavioral effects of developmental lead exposure in rhesus monkeys.
AB  - Postnatal lead exposure has been found to cause long-term learning and memory
      deficits in monkeys. Pulse-chronic exposure, consisting of acute high-level
      exposure followed by chronic lower-level exposure, has been particularly
      effective in causing these impairments. We investigated possible antecedents of
      lead-induced cognitive dysfunction by evaluating the behavioral effects of pulse
      chronic lead exposure in rhesus monkeys during the first 6 months of postnatal
      life. Blood lead concentrations in the monkeys reached a peak of 55.8 +/- 7.8
      ug/dl during week 5 after birth and then averaged between 33.1 and 42.9 ug/dl
      during the rest of the first 6 months after birth. Zinc protoporphyrin levels
      were increased by lead exposure, but hematocrits were unaffected. Significant
      lead-related effects were detected on a visual exploration test and a neonatal
      behavioral assessment battery. Lead-treated monkeys exhibited decreased looking
      behavior on the visual exploration test and decreased muscle tonus and increased
      arousal or agitation on the behavioral assessment battery. No effects were seen
      on a Piagetian object permanence task and no toxic effects on health or growth
      were detected. In addition to providing indices of behavioral dysfunction during
      postnatal lead exposure, performance on these early behavioral tests may predict
      later lead-induced cognitive dysfunction.

PMID- 3378683
TI  - Decreased collagen production in diabetic rats.
AB  - Many of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus involve defects in the
      connective tissue such as poor wound healing, diminished bone formation, and
      decreased linear growth. Because collagen is the major protein component of these
      connective tissues, we examined collagen production in diabetic rats as a probe
      of this generalized defect in connective tissue metabolism. Doses of streptozocin
      ranging from 35 to 300 mg/kg were used to induce diabetes of graded metabolic
      severity in rats. Parietal bone or articular cartilage was removed and incubated
      at 37 degrees C with 5 microCi L-[5-3H]proline for 2 h, and collagen and
      noncollagen protein production were quantitated after separation with purified
      bacterial collagenase. Within 2 wk after induction of diabetes, collagen
      production was significantly reduced in bone and cartilage from diabetic rats to
      52% (P less than .01) and 51% (P less than .01) of control (buffer-injected)
      levels, respectively. In contrast, noncollagen protein production in bone and
      cartilage from diabetic animals was no different from in tissue from control
      rats. The correlation between collagen relative to total protein production
      (relative rate) and the degree of hyperglycemia was highly significant for both
      bone (r = -.77, P less than .001) and cartilage (r = -.87, P less than .001).
      Other factors found to correlate with altered collagen production were the
      duration of diabetes and the amount of weight loss. Thus, diabetes is associated
      with a marked decrease in collagen production, which was seen early after
      induction of diabetes and was specific when compared with noncollagen protein
      production. Cumulative effects of these marked changes in collagen production may
      contribute to the chronic connective tissue complications in diabetes.

PMID- 3378684
TI  - Epidemiology of persistent proteinuria in type II diabetes mellitus. Population
      based study in Rochester, Minnesota.
AB  - Clinical risk factors for nephropathy were assessed in a population-based study
      of Rochester, Minnesota, residents with diabetes mellitus initially diagnosed
      between 1945 and 1969 (incidence cohort). The 1031 Rochester residents with non
      insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were followed through their complete
      medical records in the community to 1 January 1982. The prevalence of persistent
      proteinuria was 8.2% at the diagnosis of NIDDM. Among those initially free of
      persistent proteinuria, the subsequent incidence was 15.3/1000 person-yr. Twenty
      years after the diagnosis of diabetes, the cumulative incidence of persistent
      proteinuria was 24.6%. A proportional hazards model identified the following risk
      factors for persistent proteinuria in NIDDM: elevated initial fasting blood
      glucose (P less than .01); older age at onset of diabetes (P less than .01); male
      gender (P = .05); and presence of macrovascular disease (P = .05), diabetic
      retinopathy (P = .05), or glycosuria (P = .07) at the diagnosis of diabetes.
      Separate analyses controlling for attained age indicated no association between
      duration of NIDDM and the incidence of persistent proteinuria. Stratified
      analysis of the two most significant risk factors (fasting blood glucose and age)
      indicated that hyperglycemia was a stronger risk factor for proteinuria in
      younger diabetic subjects, perhaps because of a competing risk of death in the
      elderly diabetic patient. In contrast to a recently described decreasing secular
      trend of proteinuria in Danish insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients,
      there was no decrease over the past 40 yr in proteinuria risk in this NIDDM
      incidence cohort.

PMID- 3378685
TI  - Reduced pupillary unrest. Autonomic nervous system abnormality in diabetes
      mellitus.
AB  - Pupillary unrest (fluctuations in pupil size) was measured by infrared television
      videopupillography in 80 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (age 25-43 yr,
      diabetes duration 0-35 yr) and 26 control subjects (age 26-39 yr). In darkness,
      pupillary unrest was 21% less in diabetic subjects than in controls. During
      prolonged and brief illumination, pupillary unrest was 35 and 37% less in
      diabetic subjects than in controls, respectively, and in both cases the unrest
      was inversely correlated to the duration of diabetes. There were inverse
      correlations between 1) vibratory perception threshold, long-term high blood
      glucose levels, and severity of retinopathy, and 2) pupillary unrest in darkness
      and during prolonged illumination. The fractional reduction in pupil size
      (relative miosis) was 19% less during prolonged illumination in diabetic subjects
      than in controls and was positively correlated to the pupillary unrest in both
      groups. For a given fractional reduction in pupil size during illumination,
      diabetic subjects still had a smaller unrest than controls. Pupil size in
      darkness was 19% smaller in diabetic subjects than in controls, and in diabetic
      subjects it was positively correlated to the unrest in darkness and during
      prolonged and brief illumination. None of the pupillary abnormalities showed
      correlation to biomicroscopic changes in the iris. The autonomic nervous system
      abnormalities reflected in the pupil in longstanding diabetes are 1) a reduction
      in pupillary unrest in light and in darkness, more pronounced in light, 2) a
      reduction in the ability to maintain miosis in continuous light, and 3) a
      reduction in size.

PMID- 3378686
TI  - Effect of statil (ICI 128436) on erythrocyte viscosity in vitro.
AB  - The hypothesis that sorbitol accumulation could contribute to a reduced
      erythrocyte deformability in diabetes was investigated. Erythrocyte sorbitol and
      erythrocyte viscosity at high and low shear rates were studied in 20 insulin
      dependent diabetic (IDDM) and 20 matched control subjects. An increased
      erythrocyte sorbitol and an increased low-shear erythrocyte viscosity were found
      in the IDDM patients, but there was no significant correlation (r = .11, NS)
      between the parameters. Incubation (3 h, 37 degrees C) in a Krebs buffer
      containing 33.3 mM glucose resulted in a significant sorbitol accumulation, but
      erythrocyte viscosity was not affected. Despite this fact, addition of 1 mM
      statil (ICI 128436) in the 5.5- and 33.3-mM glucose media not only prevented
      erythrocyte sorbitol accumulation but also improved erythrocyte viscosity in
      diabetic and control subjects. The effect was more pronounced at the low
      (approximately 16%) than at the high (approximately 2%) shear rate. The effect on
      erythrocyte viscosity disappeared by washing the erythrocytes after incubation,
      although erythrocyte sorbitol remained different. Our results suggest that
      sorbitol accumulation does not contribute to an increased erythrocyte viscosity
      in diabetes, and statil shows a positive effect on erythrocyte viscosity
      independent of its aldose reductase-inhibiting property.

PMID- 3378687
TI  - [Hormonal diagnosis in so-called androgenetic alopecia in the female].
AB  - Androgenetic alopecia (a.A.) occurs quite frequently. Up to 79% of women suffer
      at least temporarily from varying degrees of intermittent diffuse hair loss in
      the centro-parietal and/or fronto-temporal regions. A.A. is caused by an androgen
      excess acting on the hair follicle for prolonged periods of time in the presence
      of a genetic predisposition. However, often hyperandrogenemia cannot be
      demonstrated in such patients. 125 women with clinically typical a.A. were
      investigated prospectively under standardized conditions. Patient age ranged from
      18 to 68 years (mean +/- SD: 34 +/- 11.6). Atypical uterine bleeding such as
      menorrhagia, hypermenorrhea and polymenorrhea were found in 69 women. The hair
      loss varied between 50 and 400 hairs per day (124 +/- 125). Additional signs of
      hyperandrogenism, i.e. seborrhea (n = 83), acne (n = 52) and hirsutism (n = 28),
      were often observed. Basal levels of total and free testosterone (T and FT),
      dihydro-T (DHT) DHEA-sulfate (DS), delta 4-androstendione (A), 17 alpha-hydroxy
      progesterone (17P), cortisol (F), progesterone (P), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), sex
      hormone binding globuline (SHBG), prolactin (PRL), thyreoidea-stimulating hormone
      (TSH), ferritin (Fe), vitamin B12 (B12) and folat (Fo) were determined by RIA. FT
      was also measured by equilibrium dialyses. Different methods of determining bound
      and unbound T were used; their diagnostic value is discussed in detail. In
      addition, a combined ACTH/TRH-stimulation test was performed in all patients.
      Pathologic changes of one parameter were detectable in 26.4% of patients, while
      67.2% revealed deviations of two or more indices. Excluding clinically relevant
      borderline values, only 6.4% of patients were without any abnormalities. The
      incidence rate of pathologic parameters was as follows: FT in % = 52%, Fe = 42%,
      PRL = 34%, E2 = 34%, FT in pg = 29%, DHT = 28%, SHBG = 26%, TSH = 20.8%, DS =
      19%, T = 14%, 17P = 11%, Fo = 7%, A = 6%, F = 6%, B12 = 5%. Group and individual
      case analyses revealed significant correlations between (1) the levels of the
      various androgens, PRL and TSH and (2) the E2, SHBG and FT values; these, in
      turn, were correlated to (3) the occurrence of certain bleeding anomalies
      (amount, duration, interval) and corresponding ferritin deficiency. Therapy was
      directed at normalizing the disturbed estrogen-androgen-balance. Using low-dose
      antiandrogens, estrogens, prolactin suppressants, corticoids, iron-II
      preparations as well as estrogen-containing hair lotions hair loss was arrested
      in 74 of 104 treated women, while regrowth of hair was accomplished in 16
      patients. 14 women did not respond to therapy.

PMID- 3378688
TI  - [Receptor-binding capacity for estrogens and progesterone in the uterine cervix
      during the menstrual cycle and in the postmenopausal period].
AB  - In biochemical studies it was found that the binding capacity of cytoplasmatic
      estrogen and progesterone receptors in the uterine cervix undergo characteristic
      changes during the menstrual cycle. The highest estrogen binding values were
      observed by the eighth day, after which there was a significant drop. The highest
      progesterone binding values were around the twelfth day, followed by a
      significant drop after ovulation. In sexually mature subjects the estrogen
      receptors predominated in the mucosa and the progesterone receptors in the
      myometrium. Therefore, there is obviously a parallel to the receptor content in
      the corpus uteri. The maximum estrogen and progesterone binding capacities were
      in each case ascertained some days before the maximum E2 and Pr values were
      attained in the serum. Hence, the estrogen receptors have already built up in the
      uterine cervix before optimal functional activity, measured by the cervix score,
      has been attained. Anti-estrogens given at the beginning of the cycle can disturb
      this sequence. The high estrogen receptor content in the endometrium at the
      beginning of the cycle creates the necessary conditions for the explosive,
      proliferative gland growth around this time, even though the serum estrogen
      concentration is still relatively low. In the postmenopause the estrogen binding
      capacity in the uterine cervix was higher than during sexual maturity, while the
      reverse was the case with the progesterone binding capacity.

PMID- 3378689
TI  - [Hormonal status in patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster syndrome].
AB  - A characteristic and comparatively frequent malformation of the female genital
      tract is the congenital absence of the vagina and a rudimentary uterus, known as
      Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster syndrome. Since we employ the modified surgical technique
      according to Vecchetti we have a relatively large incidence of patients with this
      syndrome. Thus, a total of 15 patients were hospitalised for a thorough
      endocrinological examination including a GnRH test with 2 bolus injections of
      GnRH, TRH-test, the determination of testosterone, DHEAS, androstendione and
      gonadotropin as well as prolactin fluctuation over a 4-hour period. The values of
      4 patients without any endocrinological disorder served as control group. 2 of
      the 15 patients showed an increase in androgenic hormones; 8 patients a slight
      hyperprolactinaemia disclosed by the TRH test. The gonadotropin fluctuation in
      all patients was restricted and the stimulation of the pituitary gland with GnRH
      bolus injections was diminished. The naloxone test led to a significant increase
      in peripheral gonadotropins. It remains to be determined whether this
      endocrinological disorder is the cause or the outcome of the rudimentary inner
      genitals.

PMID- 3378690
TI  - [The older primipara: labor induction and rigidity of the soft tissues].
AB  - Textbooks and literature reports frequently view the primipara of advanced age as
      a group being at increased risk of prolonged labor, dystocia, injuries to the
      birth canal and fetal distress. Particularly, a rigid cervix and reduced
      elasticity of the soft tissues of the birth canal are claimed responsible for
      these risks. Clinically, this view causes a higher frequency of operative
      deliveries in this group of primipara. The aim of the study was to evaluate the
      influence of a rigid cervix and/or reduced elasticity of the soft tissues in the
      birth canal on the course of labor. According to the definition of the FIGO we
      identified 201 primipara of advanced age as being more than 35 years old in our
      database. 5966 primipara (age 18-34) served as control. No significant difference
      was found in regard to Bishop score, progress of labor, vaginal and perineal
      lacerations, fetal distress and anaesthesia. However, the overall frequency of
      operative deliveries was increased from 27% to 58% in the primiparas of advanced
      age. In particular, the incidence of caesarean section increased from 11.5% to
      39%. In 66% rigid tissues were called as one of the reasons for operative
      delivery in this group of aged primipara. However, our analysis of clinical
      variables does not support the notion that these women in general have an
      increased frequency of dystocia and/or a more rigid cervix and decreased
      elasticity of the birth canal. We feel that in a considerable number of patients,
      the concern of the obstetricians and the women in a safer and less painful
      delivery by caesarean section are reasons for these increased operative
      procedures at the end of the reproductive period.

PMID- 3378691
TI  - [Optimal time for labor induction in premature rupture of fetal membranes after
      the 37th week of pregnancy].
AB  - Object of the analysis were 298 births with premature rupture of membranes.
      Authors examine the complications of birth dependent of time between premature
      rupture of membranes and beginning of labour; they compare their own results with
      such of known investigations. In respect to infection morbidity there are stated
      significantly differences between delivery with and without premature rupture of
      membranes only when the interval between rupture of membranes and beginning of
      labour were long; when this interval was less than 6 hours, the infection
      morbidity even seems to be lower. The same fact authors stated generally for all
      multiparae. Significantly differences are also stated in respect to frequency of
      operative deliveries. The fact, that in cases of premature rupture of membranes
      near term--that's to say: by mature fetus--birth-throes are released, is
      advantageous; authors conclude, that a time of 5 hours after rupture of membranes
      is optimal for induction labour.

PMID- 3378692
TI  - [Hydronephrosis as a late complication in gynecologic neoplasms: current
      possibilities for sensible urinary drainage].
AB  - By means of new endourological techniques supravesical urinary drainage is
      possible with minimal invasiveness. In 10 patients suffering from hydronephroses
      caused by gynaecological malignancies a worthwhile prolongation of lifetime was
      achieved by palliative urinary drainage (mean follow-up: 9.1 months). Four cases
      with fistulas and consecutive incontinence were treated successfully by
      percutaneous ureteral occlusion (3x), inner stenting respectively (1x). The very
      low invasiveness of the methods described should encourage the decision towards
      palliative supravesical urinary drainage.

PMID- 3378693
TI  - [Results following anterior levator-plasty].
AB  - In this study we report about 172 patients who underwent modified anterior repair
      in the time from october 1983 up to april 1985 because of vaginal prolapse and/or
      incontinence. 125 patients could be examined clinically, in the middle 14.2
      months after operation. In 64% the modified anterior repair was combined with a
      colporrhaphia anterior and hysterectomy, and in 20% a colporrhaphia posterior was
      made additionally. Dehiscence of the anterior vaginal wall occurred in 19.2%,
      severe pelvic infections in 8.8%. Because of bleeding complications a chirurgical
      intervention was necessary in 5.6%. A descent of the anterior vaginal wall was
      seen in 30.4%, 76.8% of the women developed a descent of the posterior vaginal
      wall, and 8% a stenosis of the vagina. Problems at sexual intercourse were
      frequent, followed by pain in the lower abdomen. The principle of the operation
      is presented including the changed anatomy. Many of the adverse effects can be
      understood and the necessity of prophylaxis of a descensus of posterior vaginal
      wall was described.

PMID- 3378694
TI  - [Comparison of urodynamic findings before and after loop operations for recurrent
      incontinence].
AB  - 30 patients with a recurrent stress incontinence were undergoing a dura-sling
      operation. The mean period of incontinence complaints up to the second surgery
      was 2.6 years. In the follow-up investigation the urodynamic parameters showed a
      significant improvement of the UCP, the urethral functional length and the DepQ.
      One year after surgery 86% of the women showed both a clinical and a urodynamic
      continence. A short term of urination disorders has to be considered in a part of
      the cases.

PMID- 3378695
TI  - [Ethical problems in fertility medicine].

PMID- 3378696
TI  - Distress and attitudes in patients perceived as hypochondriacal by medical staff.
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients perceived by
      general physicians as hypochondriacal. The authors requested physicians at a
      general hospital to refer patients for a study of hypochondriasis. In order to
      measure depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms, the authors administered
      several rating and self-rating scales, and to measure hypochondriacal attitudes
      they administered the Illness Attitude Scales (IAS) and the Illness Behavior
      Questionnaire (IBQ). The referred patients (N = 29) had more psychiatric
      disorders, were more depressed and more anxious, and had more severe somatic
      symptoms than matched medical patients who had not been referred. Self-rated
      hypochondriacal fears and beliefs did not differ significantly between the
      groups. Five of the referred patients (17%) whose initial diagnosis was
      hypochondriasis were subsequently found to have physical diseases that accounted
      for their symptoms. The implications of these findings for treatment are
      discussed.

PMID- 3378697
TI  - Toward a resolution of contradictions. Utility of feedback from the GHQ.
AB  - Methodologic problems in prior research have contributed to contradictory
      findings about the effect of feedback from self-report questionnaires on the
      recognition of mental disorders in primary care settings. This study addresses
      those problems by assigning family practice resident physicians (N = 32), not
      their patients, to experimental and control groups, and by collecting baseline as
      well as postintervention data, for a total of 1040 patient encounters. The 28
      item GHQ served as the screening instrument and was given to all participating
      patients seen by the experimental group. Following training in their
      interpretation, feedback of GHQ results constituted the intervention. Measures of
      recognition included a psychiatric diagnosis, psychologic and psychosocial chart
      notations, and various treatment options (e.g., therapy, consultation, referral,
      drugs, singly and in combination). Evidence for a diagnosis of mental disorder
      was limited to the Assessment portion of the SOAP note. Results indicate that GHQ
      feedback resulted in a significant twofold increase in the total number of
      psychiatric diagnoses. Recognition was heightened in all diagnostic categories,
      with a statistically significant increase in the number of depression diagnoses.
      Similarly, employment of all treatment modalities increased following feedback,
      although the only statistically significant increase was the prescription of
      antidepressant drugs. Psychologic notations increased as well, but psychosocial
      notations did not. Physicians who tended to recognize psychiatric morbidity at
      pretest benefited most from GHQ feedback. Implications for future research are
      discussed.

PMID- 3378698
TI  - Noncompliance in the treatment of endocarditis. The medical staff as co
      conspirators.
AB  - Intravenous drug abusers with endocarditis present difficult problems in both
      medical and psychiatric management. A retrospective chart survey revealed that
      eight of nine such patients with endocarditis signed out against medical advice
      before antibiotic therapy was completed. Reasons for premature discharge included
      the patient's underlying psychopathology as well as the emotional response of the
      staff to these patients. Understanding both of these factors may help to prevent
      these premature discharges.

PMID- 3378699
TI  - Assessing judgment.
AB  - There is currently no satisfactory way to assess judgment and yet the clinician
      is frequently confronted with this responsibility. The author reviews the
      judgment and decision-making literature, proposes a model for testing judgment,
      applies this model to patients in a medical setting, and makes the model
      operational for empirical study. He emphasizes that to assess judgment one needs
      to evaluate the process of how the individual deals with uncertainty and then
      goes on to express a preference. The author develops his model by assessing how
      the individual appraises the challenge, surveys the alternatives, weighs the
      alternatives, deliberates about selection, and finally makes a commitment to a
      preference.

PMID- 3378700
TI  - Hopelessness and low-intent in parasuicide.
AB  - Parasuicide is usually associated with low suicidal intent and research data show
      that rising rates remain a challenging clinical and research problem.
      Hopelessness, a core characteristic of depression, appears to be the link between
      depression and suicidal behavior in high-risk patients. Previous research in this
      regard focused largely on hopelessness as a correlate of suicide, attempted
      suicide, serious suicidal intent, and as a predictor of eventual suicide among
      serious suicidal ideators in the absence of a recent suicide attempt. The present
      study was designed to investigate the relationship between hopelessness and low
      suicidal intent in a cohort of 337 hospitalized adult parasuicide patients
      referred to a general hospital psychiatric unit. Within 24-48 hours after
      admission, all patients, once alert, underwent an individual detailed clinical
      interview and one of three assessments, viz., they were rated on the Beck
      Hopelessness Scale, The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale or, DSM III criteria
      for depression. Results support the positive relationship between hopelessness
      and suicidal behavior in low-intent patients, previously demonstrated in high
      intent patients. The need to also address hopelessness in low-intent patients as
      part of an effective therapeutic intervention strategy is discussed.

PMID- 3378701
TI  - The amobarbital interview in a general hospital setting, friend or foe: a case
      report.
AB  - The amobarbital interview has been in use for over 50 years. Its clinical
      indications have been primarily as an aid in determining a diagnosis and in
      conducting psychotherapy. This article presents an overview of the procedure
      along with a brief historic perspective. A case is presented which highlights its
      potential clinical utility and shortcomings.

PMID- 3378702
TI  - [Chinese hamster cells mutant at the hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (GPRT) locus. V. Complementation analysis of ts
      mutants].
AB  - Four temperature-sensitive HPRT clones were used for hybridological analysis,
      which led to increase in complementation rate about 5 times. The probability of
      complementation, in respect of the HPRT locus proved to be rather high: 14 of 45
      hybridization-tested mutants had complementation ability (including 3 ts
      mutants). Analysis of the complementation rate among mutants revealed clear-cut
      dependence on the selection conditions: clones grown in a medium with 8
      azaguanine showed most frequent complementation. The use of mutants with a new
      phenotype in hybridization analysis revealed four additional complementation
      groups, three of which are made of temperature-sensitive clones. Biochemical
      analysis revealed the presence of hybrid forms of the HPRT enzyme in all hybrids
      tested. This confirms the intragenic character of complementation. At present,
      the functional map of the HPRT locus is represented by 9 groups, including a
      group of mutants with no complementation ability.

PMID- 3378703
TI  - Muscle cell components dictate hepatocyte gene expression and the distribution of
      the Golgi apparatus in heterokaryons.
AB  - Major changes in cytoarchitecture and gene expression were induced in short-term
      heterokaryons. When human hepatocytes were fused with mouse muscle cells, the
      hepatocyte Golgi apparatus changed from its usual polar location to a uniformly
      circumnuclear location typical of striated muscle. Human liver albumin ceased to
      be expressed, and expression of the human muscle cell-surface antigen 5.1H11 was
      induced without DNA replication or cell division. Coexpression of liver and
      muscle proteins was rarely observed. These novel findings provide insight into
      the regulation of gene expression and the targeting and localization of
      organelles with a central role in cell polarity, intracellular transport, and
      secretion.

PMID- 3378705
TI  - [For women workers and mothers].

PMID- 3378704
TI  - Cloning and analysis of the dec-1 female-sterile locus, a gene required for
      proper assembly of the Drosophila eggshell.
AB  - Female-sterile mutations at the dec-1 (defective chorion-1) locus of Drosophila
      severely disrupt the organization of the eggshell late in oogenesis. Previous
      characterization of dec-1 mutations has correlated the defects with failure to
      accumulate an early eggshell protein that undergoes proteolytic cleavage during
      choriogenesis. To enable further study of the regulation and processing of dec-1
      products, we have molecularly cloned the locus and characterized its transcripts.
      Chromosome jumping was used to isolate a deficiency breakpoint within the locus.
      Overlapping genomic clones from a wild-type library were then obtained, and a
      region including the dec-1 locus was identified by hybridization to cDNA probes
      complementary to RNA from stage 9-10 egg chambers. Analysis of genomic
      rearrangements associated with the locus verified its identity. Two transcripts
      from the locus have been identified and characterized using cDNA clones, RNase
      protection, and primer extension analyses. A 4.0-kb transcript accumulates
      maximally in stages 9-10, when the primary follicle cell protein associated with
      dec-1 mutations is synthesized. A second transcript of 5.8 kb, generated by
      alternative splicing, accumulates during stages 11-12. These results are
      discussed in light of previous analysis of dec-1 mutations.

PMID- 3378706
TI  - [Complex hygienic assessment of the technology for extracting coal in mines].

PMID- 3378707
TI  - [Development of conversion ratios for general suspended, inhaled and respirable
      fractions of cotton dust].

PMID- 3378708
TI  - [Comparison of the cytotoxicity of Kuznetsk Basin coals of different
      compositions].

PMID- 3378709
TI  - [Evaluation of the toxicity of the dust from a lead-zinc concentrate].

PMID- 3378710
TI  - [Epidemiological problems of pretumorous and cancer diseases among industrial
      workers].

PMID- 3378711
TI  - [Adrenergic reactivity of the peripheral vessels to exposure to local vibration
      and the use of the adrenaline test for detecting Raynaud's syndrome].

PMID- 3378712
TI  - [The problems and tasks of occupational hygiene in branches of industry].

PMID- 3378713
TI  - [Sequelae of chronic chilblains of the extremities in agricultural workers].

PMID- 3378714
TI  - [Morphological changes in the bronchi of workers in the asbestos industry].

PMID- 3378715
TI  - [Practical hygienic assessment of mechanical engineering production during
      testing].

PMID- 3378716
TI  - [The outlook for hygienic improvement in mining technology based on the new state
      standard].

PMID- 3378717
TI  - [Food allergy in infants. Allergy prevention, hypoallergenic food].

PMID- 3378718
TI  - [A view into the living cell. Limits of diffraction are avoided--new methods of
      research].

PMID- 3378719
TI  - [Doppler echocardiographic findings before and after balloon catheter
      valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis].
AB  - This study was undertaken to analyze the diagnostic value of Doppler
      echocardiographic determination of pressure gradient and valve orifice area for
      the evaluation of balloon valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis as well as the
      echocardiographic assessment of calcification, leaflet motion and the subvalvular
      apparatus for characterization of the most favorable morphologic prerequisites
      for this procedure. Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed in 24
      patients with mitral stenosis, 21 women and three men, age range from 29 to 79
      years, mean age 55 years, one day before and after balloon valvuloplasty and the
      results were compared with invasively-determined hemodynamic measurements. The
      Doppler echocardiographic determination of the mean pressure gradient before and
      after balloon valvuloplasty was carried out with the modified Bernoulli equation
      from the velocity profile of the stenotic jet and calculation of the mitral valve
      orifice area using the pressure half-time method. Echocardiographic assessment of
      valve morphology and motion was based on two-dimensional echocardiographic cross
      sectional images. Calcification, as observed in the parasternal cross-sectional
      image, was classified as absent (grade 0), slight to moderate (grade 1) or severe
      (grade 2). Motion of the valve leaflets, as judged from the apical four- and two
      chamber views, was assigned one of five grades taking into consideration the
      motion of the bodies of both leaflets from the systolic baseline position as less
      than 10 degrees, between 10 and 45 degrees and more than 45 degrees. The
      subvalvular apparatus, that is the chordae and the papillary muscles, were graded
      as unremarkable (grade 0), slightly altered (grade 1) and markedly altered (grade
      2). Using a score derived by adding the grade of these three criteria, a formal
      value between 0 and 8 was calculated. Hemodynamic measurements were carried out
      with standard techniques employing simultaneous registrations of left atrial and
      left ventricular pressure for evaluation of the mean diastolic pressure gradient.
      Determination of the stroke volume was based on biplane left ventriculograms
      using Simpson's rule. The valve orifice area was calculated according to the
      Gorlin formula. Dilatation was carried out with a Bifoil (12F, balloon diameter 2
      X 19 mm) or Trefoil (10F, 3 X 12 mm) valvuloplasty catheter. After PTVP, on
      comparison of the Doppler-echocardiographically determined pressure gradient (5.7
      +/- 1.9 mm Hg) with that determined invasively (6.4 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) there was a
      moderate correlation (n = 19, r = 0.74, SEE = 1.3 mm Hg) where the noninvasively
      determined values, in general, were smaller.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3378720
TI  - Two years' experience of percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in aortic stenosis.
AB  - To provide an overview of our experience with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty
      in aortic stenosis, the results obtained in 218 patients have been analyzed.
      During the two years of its use, the technique of the procedure has been
      subsequently modified with increasing balloon diameters, initially 15 mm, 18 mm
      and then 20 mm; currently, a balloon diameter of up to 23 mm or even two balloons
      may be used. Accordingly, in our last 70 patients, significantly larger valve
      orifice areas have been achieved. The mean postinterventional valve orifice area
      was 1.06 cm2. In 73% of the patients valve orifice area was 0.9 cm2 or greater,
      in 60% 1 cm2 or more. In consideration of the high prevalence of elderly,
      severely-ill patients in our series, the in-hospital mortality of 4.5% (ten of
      218 patients) was relatively low. Nonfatal complications included stroke in
      three, tamponade in three, and myocardial infarction in one patient with severe
      coronary artery disease. In 25 patients (13%) there were bleeding complications
      at the site of vascular puncture, nine of which required surgical revision.
      Valvuloplasty usually did not result in worsening of aortic incompetence and,
      consequently, up to grade II regurgitation need not be considered a
      contraindication. Follow-up data was obtained at an average of eight months
      (three to 18 months) after the procedure in the first 148 patients. During this
      period, 24 patients had died, 19 of whom were in functional class IV and all of
      whom had impaired left ventricular function and residual severe aortic stenosis
      after the procedure. Most of the survivors were stable and had marked clinical
      improvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378721
TI  - [Doppler echocardiography in the evaluation of the results of balloon catheter
      valvuloplasty in aortic valve stenosis].
AB  - This study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of Doppler
      echocardiographic methods for determination of the mean pressure gradient and
      valve orifice area in the evaluation of the results of balloon valvuloplasty
      (PTVP) in aortic stenosis by comparison with invasively-determined measurements.
      In 16 patients with aortic valve stenosis, eight men and eight women, mean age 64
      +/- 10 years, Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed one day before and
      after PTVP. The mean pressure gradient was calculated with the aid of the
      modified Bernoulli equation and the aortic valve orifice area with the continuity
      equation. After PTVP, on comparison of Doppler echocardiographic and invasively
      determined pressure gradients, there was no significant correlation (n = 16, y =
      0.3x + 18.7, r = 0.36, SEE = 9.3 mm Hg) (Figure 2). Prior to PTVP the two methods
      correlated reasonably well with each other (n = 16, y = 0.6x + 7.7, r = 0.54, SEE
      = 17.8 mm Hg) (Figure 2). On comparison of the Doppler echocardiographic and
      invasively-determined aortic valve orifice area, both after and before PTVP,
      there were significant linear correlations (n = 8, y = 0.41x + 0.41, r = 0.73,
      SEE = 0.12 cm2 and n = 14, y = 0.71x + 0.17, r = 0.86, SEE = 0.10 cm2,
      respectively) (Figure 4). Correspondingly, there was close agreement between the
      change in absolute aortic valve orifice areas determined invasively (0.18 +/-
      0.15 cm2) and noninvasively (0.15 +/- 0.10 cm2, n = 8).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3378722
TI  - [Balloon valvuloplasty in mitral stenosis. Hemodynamic results, influencing
      factors and comparison with surgical procedures].
AB  - Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis represents an
      alternative to surgical treatment. The reported increases in valve orifice area
      vary with values from 0.6 to 2.03 cm2 over a wide range. This study was
      undertaken to evaluate our own results and to determine if factors could be
      identified which may exert an influence on the outcome of the procedure.
      Additionally, to evaluate this new method of treatment, the pressure-flow
      relationship at rest and during exercise after valvuloplasty was compared with
      that observed after mitral valve commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement. In
      25 patients with moderately-severe to severe mitral stenosis, mean age 56 +/- 11
      years, mean valve orifice area 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2, 52% with preexistent
      regurgitation, antegrade percutaneous, transvalvular valvuloplasty was carried
      out. Diagnostic catheterization was performed immediately prior to and after the
      procedure. Two concurrent groups of patients were analyzed for the purpose of
      comparison: 26 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve commissurotomy
      with a comparable valve orifice area of 1.13 +/- 0.39 cm2 of whom 31% had a
      regurgitant component; and 37 consecutive patients who had valve replacement
      mostly with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis (M 29, 31, 33), mean age 52 +/- 8 years,
      comparable valve orifice area of 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2 and a regurgitant component in
      65%. Dilatation of the valve was carried out after transseptal catheterization
      with the use of an 8F Mullins sheath introducing a 7F balloon-tipped catheter
      (Critikon) via the left atrium, the left ventricle and into the descending aorta
      through which a 300 cm long 0.035" guidewire was advanced. By means of a
      retrieval catheter introduced via the femoral artery into the descending aorta,
      the guidewire was exteriorated via the femoral artery. After dilatation of the
      septum with a 9F dilatation catheter with a balloon of 8 mm diameter, a 10F or
      12F dilatation catheter (Trefoil 3 X 12 mm or Bifoil 2 X 19 mm) (Schneider
      Shiley) was advanced transseptally and the balloons positioned at the level of
      the mitral valve. The balloons were inflated with a pressure averaging 3.6 + 0.65
      atmospheres (2-4.7 atm) and a mean duration of 27 +/- 8 s (16 to 45 s) on the
      average 3.9 +/- 1.6 times (1 to 9X) until disappearance or widening of the hour
      glass waist of the balloon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3378723
TI  - [Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of the mitral valve].
AB  - Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis represents an
      alternative method of treatment to standard surgical procedures of open or closed
      commissurotomy as well as valve replacement. In this overview, our results will
      be reported with respect to derivation of a summary of indications and
      contraindications for the procedure. Valvuloplasty for mitral stenosis was
      carried out in 62 patients, mean age 43 +/- 17 years, 48 women and 14 men. In 14
      of the patients surgical procedures had been performed previously including an
      open or closed commissurotomy or isolated aortic valve replacement. Nine patients
      were in NYHA class II, 50 in class III and three in class IV. Markedly impaired
      motion of the valve and calcification was present in 15 patients. In 47 patients,
      the valve motion was relatively good and associated with mild changes in the
      subvalvular apparatus in 29 and marked changes in 18. In 54 patients the
      valvuloplasty was carried out with a combination of two balloon catheters, one 3
      X 10 mm trefoil catheter and a single-balloon catheter of 15 mm (n = 16) or 19 mm
      (n = 38) diameter. Both catheters were inserted via the right femoral vein. The
      procedure required an average of one and one-half hours. Before and after
      valvuloplasty, complete right heart catheterization with oxymetric determinations
      were carried out to detect possible shunts at the atrial level and left
      ventriculography for detection of mitral regurgitation was performed in addition
      to echocardiography and Doppler examinations with continuous, pulsed-wave and
      color Doppler studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378724
TI  - Percutaneous transarterial balloon mitral valvuloplasty: 30 months experience.
AB  - Between February, 1985, and August, 1987, 76 patients with mitral stenosis
      underwent percutaneous transarterial mitral balloon valvuloplasty (MVP). There
      were 58 females and 18 males aged from 15 to 69 years (mean 39 +/- 11). In 31
      patients the mitral valve was pliable (40%) and in 45 patients (60%) the valve
      was nonpliable. Calcified mitral stenosis was found in 24 patients (31%).
      Transseptal catheterization was used to place one or two 0.035" (350 cm long)
      exchange wires into the ascending aorta in order to be snared, retrieved and
      exteriorized, each one through a femoral artery. Over these wires, the balloon
      dilation catheters were advanced through the femoral artery, retrogradely, across
      the mitral valve, for mitral dilation. Single (25 mm in diameter, trefoil 3 x 12
      mm, bifoil 2 x 19 mm) and double (18 and 15 mm, 18 and 18 mm, 18 and 20 mm)
      balloons were used in 24 and 52 patients respectively. Transarterial mitral
      valvuloplasty produced immediate improvement of mitral valve area (MVA = 1.1 +/-
      0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.4 cm2, p less than 0.001), mitral valve gradient (19 +/- 4 to 8
      +/- 6 mmHg, p less than 0.001), echocardiographic left atrial diameter (LAD = 58
      +/- 6 to 54 +/- 5 mm, p greater than 0.05) and echo-MVA (0.9 +/- 0.4 to 2.1 +/-
      0.7, p less than 0.001). In three patients no MVA enlargement was achieved. A
      significant mitral regurgitation was produced in two patients. A stroke occurred
      in three patients (3.9%), one of these patients subsequently died (1.3%), one
      recovered and one remained hemiplegic. No atrial septal defect was found after
      valvuloplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378725
TI  - Perspectives: commercial health insurance.

PMID- 3378726
TI  - Medical schools and the public interest: a conversation with Robert G.
      Petersdorf. Interview by John K. Iglehart.

PMID- 3378727
TI  - The changing environment of resident physicians.

PMID- 3378728
TI  - The changing profile of education in the health professions.

PMID- 3378729
TI  - Medical education in the United States, 1960-1987.

PMID- 3378730
TI  - Medical students' specialty choices: the case of internal medicine.

PMID- 3378731
TI  - Perspectives: a representative.

PMID- 3378732
TI  - The reform of medical education.

PMID- 3378733
TI  - Perspectives: the Secretary of Education.

PMID- 3378734
TI  - Perspectives: a State Health Commissioner.

PMID- 3378735
TI  - Perspectives: a medical editor.

PMID- 3378736
TI  - Perspectives: a medical school dean.

PMID- 3378738
TI  - Perspectives: a teaching hospital executive.

PMID- 3378737
TI  - Perspectives: a medical student.

PMID- 3378739
TI  - Perspectives: a university president and a medical school dean.

PMID- 3378740
TI  - Perspectives: the American Medical Association.

PMID- 3378741
TI  - Perspectives: a policy analyst.

PMID- 3378742
TI  - Perspectives: the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 3378743
TI  - Perspectives: an economist.

PMID- 3378744
TI  - Homeless adolescents: a hidden crisis.

PMID- 3378745
TI  - Housing for the mentally ill: an unexpected outcome of a class-action suit
      against SSA.

PMID- 3378746
TI  - Case management: the need to define goals.

PMID- 3378747
TI  - Murder in the cathedral revisited: President Reagan and the mentally disabled.
AB  - A key objective of the Reagan administration when it took office in 1981 was to
      decrease domestic spending. Intending to offer the new administration "a little
      bit of a present," employees in the General Accounting Office, an arm of
      Congress, identified ineligible Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
      beneficiaries as a possible source of billions of dollars of savings annually.
      Subsequently the administration's Office of Management and Budget instructed the
      Social Security Administration to begin, on an accelerated schedule, eligibility
      reviews authorized by the Social Security Amendments of 1980. One-fourth of the
      130,500 beneficiaries dropped from the rolls during the first full year of the
      reviews were mentally impaired, although the mentally impaired constituted only
      one-ninth of SSDI beneficiaries. The reaction by mental health advocacy groups,
      Congress, and the courts turned "a little bit of a present" into a major problem
      for the administration, and the various components of government that had
      consorted on a misguided policy began to make amends. The experience offers
      useful insights for future policymaking.

PMID- 3378749
TI  - The religious component of acute hospital treatment.
AB  - A clinically trained chaplain working part time in an acute psychiatric day
      hospital unit affords patients an opportunity to explore the religious dimension
      of their lives and educates staff about how to address patients' religious
      beliefs and incorporate them into treatment and discharge planning. The chaplain
      meets individually with patients at their request, is coleader with a mental
      health professional of a patients' group that discusses way of enriching one's
      life, and participates in clinical team meetings. During the first 12 months of
      the program, a pastoral consultation was requested by 59 percent of patients who
      were offered one at admission. About another 10 percent sought consultation later
      or attended the patient group. By incorporating a religious component in acute
      treatment programs, mental health care facilities can serve the broader purpose
      of increasing collaboration with religious and other groups in the community and
      expand the resources available to the patient at discharge.

PMID- 3378748
TI  - Social and physical health of homeless adults previously treated for mental
      health problems.
AB  - A total of 529 homeless adults in Los Angeles County were surveyed to determine
      the relationship between their previous use of mental health services and their
      physical health status, utilization of medical services, personal habits
      affecting health, experience of injury and victimization, and perceived needs.
      Homeless adults with a previous psychiatric hospitalization were more likely to
      have experienced serious physical symptoms during the previous month than those
      who had used only outpatient mental health services or who had never used mental
      health services. They reported more reasons for not obtaining needed medical
      care, were more likely to obtained food from garbage cans, and had the least
      adequate personal hygiene. However, they did not differ from the other groups on
      most measures of nutrition, social relations, and financial status. The most
      frequently expressed needs of the homeless were for improved social relations,
      employment, shelter, and money.

PMID- 3378750
TI  - The clinical use of EEG in a general psychiatric setting.
AB  - In a university teaching hospital, the charts of 150 psychiatric inpatients
      consecutively referred for EEG were reviewed to survey the clinical use of the
      EEG by psychiatrists. Individual psychiatrists referred between 18 and 31 percent
      of their caseloads, and 11.3 percent of the EEGs were abnormal. The only clinical
      indications significantly associated with an abnormal EEG were a history of
      epilepsy and suspicion of a recent seizure. The presence of an organic factor,
      which was previously identified in the history, mental status examination, or
      physical examination of 58 percent of the patients, was significantly associated
      with an abnormal EEG. However, none of the abnormal EEGs helped identify an
      organic etiology that was not already diagnosed, and in three cases clinicians
      appeared to ignore abnormal EEG results. Based on these data, the authors
      discourage the routine use of the EEG for psychiatric patients, recommending that
      an EEG be considered only when the clinical history and findings suggest an
      underlying organic disorder.

PMID- 3378751
TI  - A systems model of short-term, open-ended group therapy.
AB  - Because of rapid patient turnover and periodic therapist rotations, inpatient
      psychotherapy groups with open membership can sometimes appear to be forever
      beginning or forever ending. Described here is a model of group process that
      identifies four distinct stages of group development experienced by open-ended
      groups. Each of the four stages--called rebeginning, subgrouping, work phase, and
      termination--is characterized by attention to a particular boundary issue. In
      stages 1 to 3, the group members gradually move from establishing the group's
      separateness from other hospital systems to establishing alliances with the
      therapist and with each other to developing mutually supportive relationships.
      When several members are discharged, the group enters stage 4, during which it
      renews its efforts to fortify its external boundary. Therapeutic interventions
      appropriate to each stage of group development are discussed.

PMID- 3378752
TI  - A closed model of short-term inpatient group psychotherapy.
AB  - Cohesiveness, an essential element in successful therapy groups, is difficult to
      establish and maintain in inpatient settings where group membership is constantly
      changing. Cohesiveness can be increased by the use of a closed group model, in
      which all members begin the group on a specified day and remain in the group for
      a predetermined number of sessions. Such groups must work through four
      developmental phases. The first phase, in which group members overidentify with
      the problems of other members, is followed by a phase characterized by
      disenchantment with the group. In the third phase members seek to achieve both
      independence and intimacy simultaneously, and the final phase involves separation
      from the group. According to the author, the primary disadvantage of closed
      therapy groups is that they can be used only in certain settings.

PMID- 3378753
TI  - Therapy groups for schizophrenic patients on acute care units.
AB  - Issues in selecting a format for group therapy for schizophrenic patients on a
      short-term acute care unit are discussed. After comparing the relative merits of
      open and closed groups and of diagnostically homogeneous and heterogeneous
      groups, the author suggests an open, homogeneous format as most appropriate. A
      model therapy group for schizophrenic patients is described. The group is led by
      unit staff and focuses on discussions of improving relationships and coping with
      psychotic experiences. Patients are encouraged to interact with each other and to
      deal with current problems. The effectiveness of the group has been supported by
      a series of empirical studies involving patients' ratings of the group, process
      studies of group interaction, and a content analysis of topics discussed.

PMID- 3378754
TI  - Impact of community-based psychosocial treatment on clients' level of
      functioning.

PMID- 3378755
TI  - Use of services by cognitively impaired elderly persons residing in the
      community.

PMID- 3378757
TI  - Military psychiatry.

PMID- 3378756
TI  - Cognitive deficits among aging schizophrenic patients residing in the community.

PMID- 3378758
TI  - The libidinal cocoon.

PMID- 3378759
TI  - Helpful journals.

PMID- 3378760
TI  - Hospitals stuck in pre-PPS mode: ProPAC reports.

PMID- 3378761
TI  - AHA and Ponder put new twist on pooled financing.

PMID- 3378762
TI  - Public hospital's conversion plans spook the locals.

PMID- 3378763
TI  - Plant closing provision would include hospitals.

PMID- 3378764
TI  - Michigan insurance costs threaten access to care.

PMID- 3378765
TI  - Health Providers plays broad role in liability insurance market.

PMID- 3378766
TI  - Tackling the nursing shortage through marketing.

PMID- 3378767
TI  - Passion, compassion: managing quality through good customer service.

PMID- 3378768
TI  - HMO sales signal Maxicare break-up.

PMID- 3378769
TI  - Removing minority employment roadblocks.

PMID- 3378770
TI  - The Patrick case: will it hinder peer review?

PMID- 3378771
TI  - HMOs: employers shed casual attitudes, contracts.

PMID- 3378772
TI  - Benefit trends: fewer incentives for outpatient.

PMID- 3378773
TI  - Minority roadblocks to the M.D. degree.

PMID- 3378774
TI  - Is there a proctor in the house?

PMID- 3378775
TI  - Proper procedures are key to peer review legality experts say.

PMID- 3378776
TI  - State regulation bounces back on quality issue.

PMID- 3378777
TI  - The aftermath of a strike: "Everyone lost". Interview by Alden Solovy.

PMID- 3378778
TI  - Costly equipment moves into psychiatric care.

PMID- 3378779
TI  - Not-for-profit CEOs reveal materials management ideals.

PMID- 3378780
TI  - New method sounds out bacteria in skin wounds.

PMID- 3378781
TI  - Hospitals embrace medical records automation.

PMID- 3378782
TI  - Bedside terminals have nurses' support: study.

PMID- 3378783
TI  - Lawsuit prompts CEOs to examine DME ventures.

PMID- 3378784
TI  - MD communication key to controlling utilization.

PMID- 3378785
TI  - Selective expression of a novel mucin-type glycoprotein in human tumors:
      immunohistochemical demonstration with Mab A-80.

PMID- 3378786
TI  - Ovarian granulosa cell proliferations of pregnancy: a report of nine cases.
AB  - Granulosa cell proliferations that simulated small neoplasms were incidental
      findings in the ovaries of nine pregnant women. The lesions were typically
      multiple and associated with atretic follicles. In eight cases, the granulosa
      cells were arranged in solid, insular, microfollicular, and trabecular patterns,
      but in the ninth case, there was a prominent sertoliform tubular pattern. The
      granulosa cells typically contained scanty cytoplasm and grooved nuclei,
      resembling the cells of adult-type granulosa cell tumors. However, in one case
      large nodules of markedly luteinized cells with variably sized, round, nongrooved
      nuclei were present; the nodules in this case superficially resembled pregnancy
      luteomas. In the case with a sertoliform pattern, the cells had abundant
      vacuolated cytoplasm. The lesions described probably reflect an unusual
      physiological response to the elevated chorionic gonadotropin level of pregnancy
      rather than early stages of neoplasia.

PMID- 3378787
TI  - The eosinophilic variant of Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - Four cases of an unusual histologic variant of Wegener's granulomatosis,
      diagnosed by open lung biopsy, are described. In addition to pathergic necrosis,
      granulomatous inflammation, and vasculitis, intense stromal eosinophilia was
      observed in the absence of peripheral blood eosinophilia or clinical asthma. A
      microangiitis was also present in all four cases. Clinically, all patients
      presented with systemic disease and responded to immunosuppressive therapy
      including steroids and cyclophosphamide. This form of Wegener's disease poses
      problems in its distinction from allergic angiitis and granulomatosis, and the
      differential diagnosis of these two entities is discussed.

PMID- 3378788
TI  - Occult thyroid pathology in the young adult: an autopsy study of 138 patients
      without clinical thyroid disease.
AB  - Thyroid glands from autopsies on 138 adults, ages 20 to 40 years, with no known
      clinical or laboratory evidence of thyroid disease, were serially sectioned at 2
      mm intervals and microscopically examined for occult thyroid disease and anatomic
      variations. Occult papillary carcinoma was found in 3% of the glands, along with
      a single case of medullary carcinoma. The prevalence of occult thyroid carcinoma
      in this group of young adults is significantly less than that reported in the
      literature in people over forty (P less than .001). The glands demonstrated a
      number of other morphologic changes of importance to surgical pathologists. The
      thyroid capsule was incomplete in 62% of the glands. Thyroid follicles were found
      in the capsule in 14% of cases and thyroid follicles or nodules were outside the
      gland in perithyroid connective tissue in 88% of cases. Thyroid follicles were
      identified in 7% of cases in perithyroid strap muscles attached to the pyramidal
      lobe. A number of other, less common anatomic variations were also seen.

PMID- 3378789
TI  - Reactive histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in hematopoietic organs: a
      reevaluation of the benign hemophagocytic proliferations.
AB  - Histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis (HHH) is a relatively rare
      condition that has often been mistaken for a neoplastic disorder, but which most
      frequently represents a secondary reactive phenomenon whose associated risk
      factors have not yet been clearly defined. Histologic sections of hematopoietic
      organs (bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen) from 230 consecutive adults
      autopsies were reviewed to identify cases of HHH and to correlate them with
      clinical and autopsy findings. Moderate to severe HHH was present in the bone
      marrow in 102 and 230 cases, in the lymph nodes in 79 of 191 cases, and in the
      spleens of 16 of 209 cases. Recent blood transfusions, bacterial sepsis, major
      surgery, underlying disseminated malignancy, Candida sepsis, and viral infection
      were studied as potential risk factors. Both crude and adjusted analyses
      indicated a strong association between recent blood transfusions and the
      development of HHH in the bone marrow (P less than .0001). There was a marked
      dose-response relationship between number of units and the risk of HHH, with an
      adjusted risk ratio of 59.9 for five or more units compared with no transfusions.
      Bacterial sepsis was also associated with a significantly increased risk of HHH
      in the bone marrow in both the crude and adjusted analyses (adjusted risk ratio,
      4.10; P = .0002). Major surgery and viral infection were only marginally
      associated with an increased risk for HHH (P = .03 and P = 0.06, respectively),
      and underlying disseminated malignancy and Candida sepsis did not appear to
      contribute any risk. Analyses for HHH in lymph nodes and spleen were similar to
      analysis for the bone marrow, but were somewhat less marked. The results of this
      study suggest that reactive HHH in hematopoietic organs may be far more common
      than has previously been acknowledged, and is most often multifactorial rather
      than related to a single underlying condition, with transfusions and bacterial
      sepsis constituting the most significant risk factors. Therefore, reactive HHH
      may represent a frequent secondary phenomenon in critically ill patients
      undergoing transfusions and should not be mistaken for an ominous sign or for the
      development of a superimposed malignancy.

PMID- 3378790
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: clinical, cytochemical, and
      immunohistochemical studies of seven cases.
AB  - Tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from seven childhood cases of malignant
      histiocytosis were studied by immunohistochemistry. Clinically, the majority of
      the cases showed sustained fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and DIC. The
      pretreatment diagnosis was based on their typical clinical manifestations and
      bone marrow smear findings. Although three patients temporarily responded to
      exchange transfusion and chemotherapy, all seven patients eventually died of
      active disease. Postmortem examination revealed the proliferation of atypical
      histiocytes appearing in variable degrees of maturation in the lymph nodes,
      liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and central nervous system.
      Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen
      (NCA), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha and beta subunits of S100 protein
      (S100 alpha, beta), and concanavalin A receptors (ConAR) in cytoplasm
      demonstrated the presence of two subtypes of malignant histiocytes, ie, S100
      beta+/NCA-/ConAR+ (4 cases) and S100 beta-/NCA+/ConA R+ (three cases). The
      results of lysozyme, alpha 1 AT, and S100 alpha staining were inconsistent. A
      survey of the literature disclosed that the incidence of S100 protein-positive
      cases in children was higher than in adults (12/21 v 5/19; chi 2, P less than
      .05). Further large scale investigation is necessary to confirm the independence
      and significance of these two subtypes of histiocytes in malignant histiocytosis.

PMID- 3378791
TI  - Myofibroblastic proliferation on mitral valve chordae tendineae: a distinctive
      lesion associated with alcoholic liver disease.
AB  - Hearts from 1,676 consecutive autopsies were examined over a 4 1/2 year period
      between 1980 and 1984. Forty-seven (4.3%) of 1,083 adult hearts were found to
      have from one to nine distinctive bulbous thickenings (BTs) involving the mitral
      valve chordae tendineae. By light- and electron-microscopy, the BTs were found to
      consist of numerous myofibroblasts, collagen, and elastin layered over otherwise
      normal chordae and occasionally involving adjacent valve leaflets. No evidence of
      inflammation, rheumatic or otherwise, was found in histologic sections of the
      mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves, or in samples of myocardium from all
      chambers. No BT was present in 593 hearts from infants and children, indicating
      that the lesions were acquired. Review of autopsy diagnoses showed that 14
      (29.8%) of the 47 patients with BT had alcoholic hepatitis or micronodular
      cirrhosis, as opposed to 80 (7.7%) of the 1,036 patients without BT. This
      difference was highly statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The
      prevalence of viral liver disease was similar in the two groups. Of all patients
      with alcoholic liver disease, those with BT tended to be male and older. BT
      appears to be a distinctive process that is strongly correlated with alcoholic
      liver disease.

PMID- 3378792
TI  - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver associated with primary pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH), a rare hyperplastic condition of the
      liver, is reported in two patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). The
      first patient was a 26-year-old man who died of PPH and showed multiple NRH
      without cirrhosis of the liver. The second patient was a 25-year-old man who had
      a PPH with pulmonary arterial thrombi and NRH of the liver. NRH has been
      described in association with immune disease, hematopoietic disorder, and
      diabetes mellitus, so that NRH with PPH is considered to be very rare. Histologic
      findings of the lungs show typically plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in both
      cases, and the livers of these patients are composed of multiple nodules that are
      histologically represented by slightly larger hepatocytes arranged in a
      cobblestone-like fashion, and are ultramicroscopically characterized by massive
      proliferation of mitochondria. The pathogenetic association of nodular
      regenerative hyperplasia with primary pulmonary hypertension will be discussed.

PMID- 3378793
TI  - Invasion of pulmonary arteries by bronchial carcinomas.

PMID- 3378794
TI  - A survey of first-year pathology residents: factors in career choice.

PMID- 3378795
TI  - Human enzyme polymorphism in the Canary Islands. II. African influence.
AB  - The genetic polymorphism of eight red cell enzymes was examined in three samples
      from Gran Canaria and one from Equatorial Guinea. The presence of African genes
      in the Gran Canaria population showed an African admixture estimated to 6-9%. The
      genetic distance between Gran Canaria and Equatorial Guinea was 0.033, and that
      between Gran Canaria and the Spanish mainland only 0.007.

PMID- 3378796
TI  - The Le(a+b+) phenotype in Polynesians.
AB  - The presence of the rare Lewis phenotype Le(a+b+) is reported in various
      Polynesian groups, including Maoris, Samoans, Cook Islanders, Nuieans and Tokelau
      Islanders. The phenotype was found in Polynesians of all blood groups and the
      frequency was significantly increased in group 0 persons. The phenotype was not
      significantly associated with H reactivity in group A donors and showed no
      correlation with age or sex.

PMID- 3378797
TI  - Haptoglobin groups and transferrin subtypes in multiple myeloma.
AB  - Haptoglobin and transferrin types were determined for 27 multiple myeloma
      patients and a series of case controls. No association was found between
      haptoglobin and the disease, which confirms the findings of an earlier
      investigation. However, we found a significantly increased relative risk of 2.6
      for TFC1C1 individuals. It is suggested that the role of transferrin in
      erythropoiesis and cell proliferation of both malignant and normal cells, may, at
      least in part, explain the association. Of additional relevance may be the
      suggestion that TFC1C1 individuals have higher blood iron levels than other
      subtypes.

PMID- 3378798
TI  - The NFLD antigen in Japan.
AB  - The low-frequency red cell antigen NFLD was identified in 2 Japanese donors. A
      family study showed that the antigen is not part of the P1 blood group system.
      Anti-NFLD was found in serum of several donors (frequency of 0.044%).

PMID- 3378799
TI  - UK blood lead monitoring programme 1984-1987: results for 1985.
AB  - The Department of the Environment (DOE) has undertaken an extensive programme to
      monitor blood lead concentrations annually over the period 1984 to 1987 in the
      context of the reduction in the maximum permissible lead content of petrol from
      0.4 to 0.15 g/l from 1 January 1986. The 2500 participants in the study include
      adults living in heavily trafficked urban areas and in occupational groups
      particularly exposed to petrol lead; children aged 6-7 years attending schools in
      heavily trafficked urban areas; and control groups of adults and children in
      rural areas. Blood samples (all venous) are being analysed for lead by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); considerable efforts are being made to ensure
      the validity of the analytical results during the period of the study. Average
      blood lead concentrations in 1984 and 1985 in both adults and children were
      generally low and were in line with levels expected on the basis of earlier
      surveys; only a very small proportion of individuals had raised levels. Detailed
      statistical analyses have confirmed that blood lead concentrations are related to
      a range of personal, social and environmental factors including age, sex and
      smoking and drinking habits. Blood lead levels in the exposed groups of adults
      and children were on average just under 1 microgram/100 ml lower in 1985 than in
      1984, while overall changes in the police and control groups were smaller; there
      was, however, considerable variability in the changes in the individual surveys,
      particularly those of children. Levels fell in all social classes and in both
      categories of age of dwelling, but changes tended to be less marked in those who
      were older (particularly for men), smoked more, drank more or had lived for more
      than 15 years at their current address.

PMID- 3378800
TI  - Underestimation of dose--response relationship with particular reference to the
      relationship between the dietary intake of mercury and its concentration in
      blood.
AB  - Wide discrepancies have been observed between controlled and uncontrolled intake
      studies of the relationship of blood mercury concentration to intake of mercury.
      The probable reason for the apparent discrepancies is that the within-subject
      variation of mercury intake in the uncontrolled studies was almost certainly
      considerably larger than the within-subject variation in blood mercury
      concentration; in these circumstances, the apparent slope obtained from a linear
      regression of blood mercury on intake will invariably be much smaller than the
      true slope. Studies of the exposure or intake of any substance should therefore
      include a consideration of the likely within-subject variation in the exposure or
      intake relative to that in the effect.

PMID- 3378801
TI  - The metabolism of ceramic and non-ceramic forms of uranium dioxide after
      deposition in the rat lung.
AB  - Ceramic and non-ceramic forms of uranium dioxide, produced industrially, were
      administered to rats either by inhalation or as an aqueous suspension which was
      injected directly into the pulmonary region of the lungs. The results showed
      that: 1 both materials should be assigned to inhalation class Y as defined by the
      International Commission on Radiological Protection; 2 whilst the translocation
      of uranium to the blood for the non-ceramic UO2 was about twice that obtained for
      the ceramic form, the two dioxides were unlikely to be differentiated on the
      basis of their lung retention kinetics; 3 the distribution of uranium amongst
      body tissues and the relationship between systemic content and cumulative urinary
      excretion indicated that it was transported in the hexavalent form; 4 in addition
      to air sampling procedures, lung radioactivity counting measurements could be
      used to advantage for assessing occupational exposures; 5 the exposure limits
      should be based on radiation dose rather than chemical toxicity.

PMID- 3378802
TI  - The effects of soman on human isolated uterine arteries.
AB  - 1. The effects of soman on the resting contractile tension of human uterine
      arteries, and on contractions of these arteries to vasoactive agents were
      investigated. 2. Soman did not alter the resting tension of helically-cut strips
      of human uterine arteries. 3. Soman did not alter concentration-response curves
      of the strips to noradrenaline, serotonin, potassium chloride or histamine. 4.
      Soman increased contractile tension of human uterine artery strips to
      subsequently added 1 microM noradrenaline. 5. It is possible that this
      enhancement may be involved in decreased regional blood flow following soman
      administration.

PMID- 3378803
TI  - Haemodialysis or haemoperfusion in severe salicylate poisoning?
AB  - Two cases of severe salicylate poisoning with maximal plasma levels of 6.9 and
      8.9 mmol/l are described. In addition to supportive treatment and forced alkaline
      diuresis, one case was treated with haemoperfusion and the other with
      haemodialysis. The use of the same blood pump and blood flow allowed us to
      compare directly the effect of these methods in removing salicylate. There was a
      non-significant higher dialysance (mean 86 ml/min, s.d. +/- 8) than
      haemoperfusion clearance (mean 81 ml/min s.d. +/- 17) at a blood flow of 200
      ml/min. As haemodialysis offers the theoretical advantage of correcting acid-base
      and electrolyte disturbances, does not trap platelets and has a lower heparin
      requirement, the present comparison indicates that haemodialysis is preferable
      when extracorporal elimination is indicated in salicylate poisoning.

PMID- 3378804
TI  - Combined boric acid and cinchocaine chloride poisoning in a 12-month-old infant:
      evaluation of haemodialysis.
AB  - A mixture containing 3 g of boric acid and 300 mg of cinchocaine chloride
      prescribed due to painful dental protrusion was accidentally ingested by a 12
      month-old girl. She developed violent vomiting and coughing. Irritability,
      tremor, seizures and a delirious reaction. She was treated with diazepam,
      intubated, sedated and ventilated. Her diuresis was stimulated with furosemide
      and fluid. Within the first 24 h she was treated with haemodialysis twice on
      femoral catheters. Her renal function was unaffected. In two days she fully
      recovered. The maximum measured levels of boric acid and cinchocaine chloride
      approximately 6 h after ingestion were 26 micrograms/ml and 71 ng/ml
      respectively. The plasma half-life of boric acid was 7.0 h and decreased to 3.6
      and 4.4 h during the two haemodialyses. The total body clearance of boric acid
      increased correspondingly from 21 ml/min to 41 and 34 ml/min. The in vitro
      clearance of boric acid of the dialyser was later determined to be 18 ml/min. It
      is concluded that haemodialysis is valuable in the treatment of boric acid
      intoxication because it increases the elimination of the drug even in patients
      without any sign of renal toxicity.

PMID- 3378805
TI  - Acute tricresylphosphate intoxication in childhood.
AB  - Tricresylphosphates (TCP) have been responsible for a large number of epidemic
      and individual intoxications since the recognition, in 1899, that phospho
      creosote was the cause of paralysis in patients being treated for tuberculosis.
      Although children are mentioned as being among the victims of epidemic
      intoxication, no well documented reports of acute tricresylphosphate ingestion in
      childhood are available in the literature. We report a case of severe
      intoxication in a 4 1/2-year-old child following ingestion of a lubricant
      containing TCP. Clinical findings in this child were typical of previously
      reported acute ingestions in adults: acute gastro-intestinal symptoms, delayed
      cholinergic crisis and neurological toxicity. Previous literature is reviewed
      briefly and discussed.

PMID- 3378806
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous potassium cyanide.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously injected potassium cyanide have been
      studied in Beagle bitches. In the period up to about 80 min after dosing, blood
      levels fell in a manner consistent with first-order elimination kinetics.
      Thereafter blood cyanide concentrations fell at a slower rate, indicating that a
      second phase of slower elimination had been entered.

PMID- 3378807
TI  - Severe ethylene glycol butyl ether poisoning. Kinetics and metabolic pattern.
AB  - A case of severe poisoning with ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) after massive
      ingestion is described. Deep coma, metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia,
      haemoglobinuria, oxaluria and a transitory rise in the serum creatinine level
      were observed. The elimination of the various metabolites butoxyacetic acid and
      oxalate was assessed in urine and a metabolic pattern for EGBE is suggested.

PMID- 3378808
TI  - Survival after acute benzalkonium chloride poisoning.

PMID- 3378809
TI  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in kajal and surma eye cosmetic preparations.
AB  - Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in Kajal and
      Surma eye cosmetic preparations. All the preparations showed the presence of the
      majority of priority PAH in varying levels. The median level of a total 18
      identified PAH in kajal was 851.3 micrograms/g. The level of total PAH in black,
      whitish black and white surma preparations were 243.34, 230.60 and 45.40
      micrograms/g respectively.

PMID- 3378810
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation and mesenteric venous thrombosis in fatal
      Amanita poisoning.
AB  - 1. A case of fatal Amanita phalloides poisoning in a 14-year-old boy is
      described. 2. The patient presented severe acute liver dysfunction, disseminated
      intravascular coagulation and refractory hypoxaemia, and died on the 9th day
      after mushroom ingestion. 3. Post-mortem examination revealed mesenteric venous
      thrombosis, massive liver necrosis and haemorrhagic pulmonary alveolitis.

PMID- 3378812
TI  - Controlled investigations of homoeopathic medicines.

PMID- 3378811
TI  - Cimetidine and paracetamol hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 3378813
TI  - Absorption study of pentachlorophenol in persons working with wood preservatives.

PMID- 3378814
TI  - Blood cadmium concentrations in the general population of British middle-aged
      men.
AB  - Blood cadmium concentrations were determined for 6919 men aged 40-59 randomly
      selected from general practice registers in 24 British towns. The mean and median
      blood cadmium were 1.9 and 1.4 micrograms/1 respectively and the distribution was
      highly skewed. The mean levels in non-smokers was 1.0 micrograms/l and current
      smokers showed a marked gradient with the daily amount smoked, with a mean of 3.9
      micrograms/l in men smoking 40 or more cigarettes per day. Whereas 95% of men who
      never smoked had blood cadmium less than 2.0 micrograms/l, 80% of men smoking 20
      or more cigarettes a day exceeded this figure. 1% of the men had blood cadmium
      concentrations greater than or equal to 7 micrograms/l virtually all of whom
      currently smoked cigarettes. Blood cadmium levels in ex-smokers were much lower
      than in current smokers even for those who had stopped within the past year.
      However, the mean levels in ex-smokers remained higher than the 'never smoked'
      for several years after stopping. There was little evidence that age, social
      class, or alcohol consumption were associated with blood cadmium levels after
      allowance for cigarette smoking. There is substantial geographic variation in
      mean blood cadmium for middle-aged men which could not be completely accounted
      for by smoking differences. Towns in the south and east of England all had mean
      levels under 2.0 micrograms/l whereas the majority of towns in other parts of
      Britain had mean levels greater than 2.0 micrograms/l. Possible reasons for this
      geographic pattern (e.g. geochemistry, industrial exposure, dietary differences)
      need further exploration.

PMID- 3378815
TI  - Prenatal maternal attachment.

PMID- 3378816
TI  - Should nurses ever lie to patients?

PMID- 3378817
TI  - Prevention of HIV infection in i.v. drug users.

PMID- 3378818
TI  - Knowledge deficit: not a nursing diagnosis.

PMID- 3378819
TI  - Early discharge and specialist transitional care.

PMID- 3378820
TI  - Stigma, health beliefs and experiences with health care in lesbian women.

PMID- 3378821
TI  - Diabetes self-management and hospitalization.

PMID- 3378822
TI  - Factors related to obesity in Mexican-American preschool children.

PMID- 3378823
TI  - Comparison of two group interventions for the bereaved.

PMID- 3378825
TI  - Older adults' knowledge and attitudes about sexuality and aging.

PMID- 3378824
TI  - Spouses' body image changes during and after pregnancy: a replication in Canada.

PMID- 3378826
TI  - Nurses' attitudes toward impaired colleagues.

PMID- 3378827
TI  - Clinical findings in patients with SLE whose sera contain antibodies to ribosomal
      ribonucleoprotein.
AB  - In a clinical and serological study performed on a large series of patients with
      different connective tissue diseases, anti-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein (rRNP)
      antibodies were detected only in a small proportion of sera with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE). SLE patients positive for anti-rRNP autoantibodies showed a
      significantly higher incidence of hemolytic anemia. The reasons for this
      surprising association are still unclear; however, this finding suggests that
      rRNP precipitin might be considered as a useful marker of a particular subgroup
      of patients with SLE.

PMID- 3378828
TI  - Enhancement of phagocytic activity of human monocytic-macrophagic cells by
      immunostimulating peptides from human casein.
AB  - Two immunostimulating peptides, Val-Glu-Pro-Ile-Pro-Tyr and Gly-Leu-Phe, obtained
      from human caseins, were demonstrated to significantly stimulate binding of human
      senescent red blood cells to human monocytic-macrophagic cells and their
      phagocytosis by these cells.

PMID- 3378829
TI  - Cholera toxin neutralization: a comparison of purified serum IgG and biliary
      secretory IgA antibodies.
AB  - Rats were immunized three times with cholera toxin via the intraintestinal or
      intravenous route, and their respective biliary secretory IgA (sIgA) or serum IgG
      antibodies were affinity-purified on a cholera toxin immunoabsorbent. On a molar
      basis, the sIgA antibodies were roughly seven-fold more efficient than IgG
      antibodies in neutralizing cholera toxin in the ligated intestinal loop assay.
      Various explanations for this difference in neutralizing capacity are proposed.

PMID- 3378830
TI  - Decrease of natural antiphosphorylethanolamine antibodies by injection of C
      reactive protein.
AB  - Natural levels of goat antiphosphorylethanolamine (anti-PE) antibodies decreased
      after injection of purified human C-reactive protein (CRP). The concentration of
      anti-CRP antibodies followed a continuous increment from non-detectable levels to
      a plateau at 80 days after first injection.

PMID- 3378831
TI  - Antibody to poly(ADP-ribose) as a predictor of obstetric complications in
      autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice: basis for its application to pregnant patients
      with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In pregnant autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice with many fetuses the level of
      anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies was found to be the same as that of age-matched
      non-pregnant female mice, whereas in mice with few fetuses the level of anti
      poly(ADP-ribose) antibodies was high in the early period of pregnancy and rapidly
      returned to control level at puerperium. The anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody that
      increased during pregnancy seemed to be mono-specific for its antigen, whereas
      the antibody that increased with age was polyspecific. The isotype/subclass of
      the former was mainly IgG2a. The marked increase in anti-poly(ADP-ribose)
      antibodies in the early period of pregnancy suggests endogenous sensitization to
      poly(ADP-ribose), which may be synthesized abnormally or stored during pregnancy,
      and is a predictive sign in pregnant lupus mice of a low litter size. This
      finding is applicable to pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE); that is, it is a predictive sign of fetal loss and/or maternal risk. This
      was confirmed in the human cases examined so far.

PMID- 3378832
TI  - In vivo follow-up of the cytotoxic effect of protein A--ricin toxin conjugate, on
      antibody-coated target cells.
AB  - Antibodies of the IgG class, specifically interacted with H-2 antigens of murine
      leukemia EL4 cells, were used to bind the ricin toxin covalently linked to
      protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. The toxin thus complexed, introduced in the
      cytoplasm by endocytosis, was able to kill the leukemic cells inoculated in
      animals. The interaction of immunotoxin with the leukemic cells was performed in
      vitro using one, two or three treatments and the cytotoxic effect on the target
      cells was followed up in vivo. The time interval between immunotoxin treatments
      was indicated by the membrane turn-over study of EL4 cells coated with specific
      antibodies in their monomeric form, complexed by protein A or interacted with
      protein A--ricin toxin conjugate. A proportion of 99.8% cells killed was obtained
      after three treatments.

PMID- 3378833
TI  - Autoimmunity and its therapy: mathematical modelling.
AB  - A mathematical description of autotolerance and autoimmunity based on the
      previous model of immune response for normal antigen stimulation is given. In
      particular, the clonal deletion theory and non-specific stimulation of T-helper
      cells are included. Thus, an idea about the origin of autoimmune disease and the
      qualitative description of its course is presented. Possible therapies, such as
      immunosuppression and extracorporeal removal of autoantibodies, are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3378834
TI  - Characterization of a new subfamily of class I genes in the H-2 complex of the
      mouse.
AB  - A previously undescribed subfamily of mouse class I MHC genes, consisting of two
      to three members, has been identified. The structure and organization of one of
      these, Mb1, has been determined. Mb1 consists of five exons with open reading
      frames and potentially encodes a class I-like transmembrane protein. In the
      genome, Mb1 is linked to the H-2 complex, mapping telomeric to Qa. However, this
      gene has low (ca. 60%) nucleotide identity with other class I sequences and is no
      more related to mouse class I genes than to class I genes from other species. Mb1
      transcripts have not been found in a variety of adult tissues or cell lines,
      suggesting that, if Mb1 is expressed, its expression is highly regulated. From
      DNA sequence identity and intron-exon organization, Mb1 appears to be a
      primordial gene which antedates mouse speciation and which has evolved
      independently of the rest of the class I gene family. Examination of various
      species of wild mice demonstrates the presence of a discrete Mb1 subfamily over
      long evolutionary periods of time.

PMID- 3378835
TI  - Intra-H-2 recombination in t haplotypes shows a hot spot and close linkage of
      1tw5 to H-2K.
AB  - The embryonic lethal mutation in the tw5 haplotype is known to map near the H-2K
      region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Additional data obtained by
      classical genetic methods demonstrate that the tw5 lethal gene is effectively
      inseparable from H-2K. No recombinants were found between H-2K and tw5 in a
      sample representing over 1200 mice. On a statistical basis tw5 must be less than
      250 kb from the H-2K gene. In the course of these mapping studies we obtained a
      set of 11 intra-H-2 recombinants. We have analyzed these and three others derived
      from another experiment to define their breakpoints as precisely as possible.
      Southern blot analysis with molecular probes to the D, S, I, and K regions of the
      H-2 complex defines seven recombinations between the D and S regions, two between
      S and I, none within the I region, and five events between I and K. The last
      category was studied in finer detail by developing unique copy probes to the I-K
      boundary region. Two of the five events occurred within probably less than 6 kb
      of each other: these two recombinants define the centromeric limit of the
      location of the tw5 gene within the H-2K region. The other three I-K recombinants
      occurred in at least two other nearby locations. Altogether at least three, and
      probably all five I-K recombinants fall within a 45 kb recombinational hot spot
      recently identified in Mus musculus castaneus.

PMID- 3378836
TI  - The two-dimensional migration pattern of the single HLA-DR beta chain expressed
      in DRw8 haplotypes is not fully predictive of its activity in antigen
      presentation.

PMID- 3378837
TI  - Ly-36: a new mouse lymphocyte alloantigen defined by a Mus musculus molossinus
      specific monoclonal antibody and controlled by a gene linked to Ly-2/3 region on
      chromosome 6.

PMID- 3378838
TI  - Doctor's declaration for breast feeding.

PMID- 3378839
TI  - Serious childhood diseases: possible action at community level.

PMID- 3378840
TI  - Balloon dilatation of stenotic lesions of the heart.

PMID- 3378841
TI  - Acardiac acephalic monster.

PMID- 3378843
TI  - Dapsone-induced psychosis.

PMID- 3378842
TI  - Tuberculous osteolytic lesions of the skull mimicking neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3378844
TI  - Tracheo-oesophageal fistula with agenesis of right lung.

PMID- 3378845
TI  - Pediatric emergencies.

PMID- 3378846
TI  - Revised immunisation schedule of the WHO expanded programme on immunisation.

PMID- 3378847
TI  - Symposium: Pediatric cardiology.

PMID- 3378848
TI  - Pediatric cardiology.

PMID- 3378849
TI  - Doppler echocardiography in non-invasive diagnosis of heart disease in infants
      and children.

PMID- 3378850
TI  - Fetal and neonatal echocardiography.

PMID- 3378851
TI  - Effect of flurithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, on carbamazepine
      disposition in normal subjects.
AB  - The effects of flurithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, on the disposition of
      a single oral dose of carbamazepine (CBZ) (400 mg) were investigated in seven
      normal subjects. Flurithromycin (2 x 250 mg thrice daily for 10 days) caused a
      slight increase in the CBZ area under the serum concentration curve and a
      moderate reduction in carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) levels. These results
      suggest that flurithromycin can inhibit the conversion of CBZ to CBZ-E, although,
      at the dosage tested, the magnitude of this effect was significantly smaller than
      that observed after administration of erythromycin in the same subjects.

PMID- 3378852
TI  - Penetration of roxithromycin in bronchial secretions.
AB  - Roxithromycin sputum and serum concentrations after administration of therapeutic
      doses (150 mg in a single dose) were evaluated in six patients. Blood samples and
      pooled sputum samples were collected at corresponding time intervals up to 24 h
      after drug administration. Roxithromycin sputum levels were found to be almost
      always above serum concentrations, the highest sputum levels being 5.85 +/- 2.5
      micrograms/ml in the interval ranging from 2 to 4 h after drug administration.
      Due to its antibacterial spectrum and favourable pharmacokinetic properties,
      roxithromycin, like other macrolide antibiotics, seems to be particularly
      indicated in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 3378853
TI  - Abnormal methylation capacity in human liver cirrhosis.
AB  - To investigate the influence of liver cirrhosis on the capacity of methylation,
      the urinary excretion of the methylated forms of arsenic was measured by atomic
      absorption spectrometry after the administration of a small dose of inorganic
      arsenic. The study was carried out in 13 normal controls, 18 patients with
      various clinical conditions, but without evidence of parenchymal liver disease,
      and 38 with cirrhosis of varied aetiology and severity. In normal controls, the
      percentage of arsenic excreted as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and
      dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) averaged 12.3 +/- 2.8% and 23.3 +/- 6.4%,
      respectively, and was not significantly different from that obtained in disease
      controls. The presence of liver cirrhosis did not affect the percentage of the
      injected dose excreted within 24 h. However, cirrhotic patients excreted
      significantly less MMA (4.7 +/- 3.3, p less than 0.001) and more DMA (40.4 +/-
      16.6%, p less than 0.001). The amount of MMA correlated with the 14C aminopyrine
      breath test (r = 0.43) and was invariably lower than the normal range in patients
      with severe liver disease. These findings indicate that liver cirrhosis is
      associated with profound abnormalities of the methylation pathway, which might
      have potential consequences in the metabolism of endogenous amines and
      xenobiotics.

PMID- 3378854
TI  - Verapamil pharmacokinetics and liver function in patients with cirrhosis.
AB  - In seven patients with liver cirrhosis, verapamil plasma levels were measured in
      blood drawn simultaneously from the hepatic vein and from an artery during the
      post-distributive phase after an intravenous bolus infusion of 5 mg of verapamil.
      In addition the hepatic plasma flow was measured using the indocyanine-green
      constant infusion technique. From these data the verapamil hepatic clearance and
      verapamil intrinsic clearance were calculated. The verapamil hepatic clearance
      was 423 +/- 92 ml/m, the hepatic plasma flow was 819 +/- 318 ml/m, and the
      verapamil intrinsic clearance was 1431 +/- 961 ml/m. As compared to values
      reported in the literature, a decrease of the verapamil hepatic clearance by 50%
      approximately was found, while the hepatic plasma flow was in the normal range
      and the verapamil intrinsic clearance was reduced by 75%. These data show that in
      patients with cirrhosis the decrease in verapamil clearance is due to an
      impairment in the capacity of the liver to remove the drug, and not to a decrease
      in liver perfusion.

PMID- 3378855
TI  - Famotidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer and of concomitant
      peptic lesions: comparison with cimetidine.
AB  - Twenty patients affected with endoscopically demonstrated duodenal ulcer were
      studied. They were randomly divided into two groups of ten individuals each. The
      first group was treated with famotidine 40 mg/die/os, the second one with
      cimetidine 800 mg/die/os; both drugs were administered in one medication at
      bedtime. In each group, eight patients completed the treatment: six out of eight
      famotidine treated and five out of eight cimetidine treated patients showed ulcer
      healing on upper digestive endoscopy after four weeks of treatment; after eight
      weeks of therapy, all patients of both groups displayed ulcer healing.
      Nevertheless, an overall quantitative evaluation of all peptic lesions (performed
      according to an endoscopic arbitrary score) indicated a higher effectiveness of
      famotidine. Famotidine did not affect humoral parameters of renal, hepatic and
      myelopoietic function and did not significantly change fasting serum gastrin
      levels.

PMID- 3378856
TI  - Effects of tizanidine in healthy volunteers: double-blind study compared with
      diazepam and a placebo.
AB  - Since an experiment in monkeys showed that tizanidine (DS 103-282), a centrally
      acting muscle relaxant, has a certain amount of reinforcing property, a double
      blind comparative study using questionnaires was carried out in 12 healthy
      volunteers to investigate the subjective effects of the drug as a measure of its
      psychic dependence potential using diazepam and a placebo. The dosages of
      tizanidine were 3 mg and 6 mg and that of diazepam was 10 mg. Neither the maximal
      clinical dosage of tizanidine (3 mg) nor twice that dosage (6 mg) induced any
      marked somatic or psychic symptoms compared with the placebo. On the other hand,
      diazepam 10 mg induced symptoms at a significantly higher incidence than the
      placebo and tizanidine; i.e., many of those given diazepam mentioned experiencing
      such symptoms of central nervous system depression as drowsiness and absent
      mindedness. With diazepam the volunteers gave positive answers to some items
      which are regarded as direct parameters of psychic dependence; e.g., one noted
      that the drug effects were "desirable", two indicated a "euphoric feeling", and
      five noted a "drunken feeling". Influence on tapping, blood pressure, etc., were
      observed in the tizanidine 6 mg group in the same extent as in the diazepam
      group. The blood concentration of tizanidine 6 mg was about four times as high as
      tizanidine 3 mg. These results indicate that tizanidine is very unlikely to have
      psychic-dependence potential because of a lack of observable subjective effects
      and thus, it was concluded that there is little possibility of the drug being
      abused.

PMID- 3378857
TI  - Women's health and social change: the case of lay midwives.
AB  - One reaction to the medicalization of birth has been the comeback of lay midwives
      in the past 10 years. While many practice alone as did midwives 80 years ago, now
      midwives are networking and organizing in regional and statewide groups, an
      important new distinction in the light of increasing regulatory policy formation
      by many states. Are these groups the beginnings of traditional bureaucratic
      health professional organizations or are they better described as alternative
      women's health groups that espouse nonhierarchical philosophies of women's
      health? In this article, we describe an empirical study of one such group, the
      Michigan Midwives' Association, and explore the philosophies and practices of
      individual members as well as the internal organization of the group and its
      influence on members. Data were collected using individual telephone interviews
      with 48 of 50 members, group newsletters and documents, and two spokespersons who
      developed an oral history of the Association since its origin in 1978. Results
      suggest that the group plays an important role in reinforcing individually held
      philosophies about women-controlled birth and in providing social support to
      health workers practicing outside the traditional system.

PMID- 3378858
TI  - Accommodation for elderly persons in newly industrializing countries: the Hong
      Kong experience.
AB  - The newly industrializing countries seem set to follow many developed countries
      with a rapid growth in numbers of elderly people. This will throw considerable
      strain on their resources, particularly in the provision of services and
      accommodation for this group in society. Hong Kong is a leader amongst the newly
      industrializing countries, both in terms of its aging population (more than 11
      percent of its people are now over 60 years of age) and in terms of economic
      growth. It has, however, only relatively recently embarked upon a comprehensive
      and integrated program to provide a wide range of accommodation for the elderly.
      This includes sheltered housing within Hong Kong's well-known public housing
      schemes, old people's homes, care-and-attention homes, and infirmaries. The
      private sector has also been growing rapidly in the 1980s with a considerable
      recent increase of old people's homes. A voluntary code of conduct for this
      sector was introduced in late 1986, but concerns remain about the quality of care
      and the rapid growth of private homes in the territory. The approaches to the
      provision of accommodation for the elderly are set in the context of Hong Kong's
      overall social policy development. Whilst the experience of relatively wealthy
      Hong Kong may not prove to be of relevance for the majority of Third World
      countries, it is argued that it may provide a model for other newly
      industrializing countries.

PMID- 3378859
TI  - The present problems and future needs of primary health care in Malaysia.
AB  - This article examines the numerous problems faced by primary health care in
      Malaysia, care that traditionally has been a private sector activity. While
      general practitioners have adapted, and are continually adapting, to the needs of
      a multiracial society with diverse cultural patterns, it is hoped that with the
      emergence of a dynamic discipline of family practice, family doctors will be able
      to provide a sophisticated form of primary health care that will serve the needs
      of the people.

PMID- 3378860
TI  - Torture as intensive repression in Latin America: the psychology of its methods
      and practice.
AB  - The practice of torture in Latin America is fundamentally an activity of the
      state and part of a larger program of repression. In this article, the author
      analyzes, in general, the psychology of the methods and practice of torture, and,
      in particular, the psychological defenses likely activated by the torturer when
      confronting the victim. The contradictions in the relationship of torturer are
      seen in the light of larger social contradictions within the scheme of
      domination.

PMID- 3378861
TI  - Lay evaluation of medicine and medical practice: report of a pilot study.
AB  - Sociologists appear to differ in the way they portray the public's ideas about
      modern medicine. Some argue that the public accepts that modern medicine is
      effective, and others say that as a whole the public is skeptical about its
      value. There is a dearth of empirical evidence about what the public thinks of
      modern medicine; this pilot study attempts to fill this gap. Tape-recorded
      interviews were carried out with small samples of women from Social Classes I and
      II and Classes IV and V to find out what they felt about the value of modern
      medicine and to identify the criteria that they used to assess a "good" and "bad"
      medical practitioner. The results showed that there is some degree of skepticism
      about the value of modern medicine, particularly amongst working-class people.
      However, the criteria for assessing the performance of a medical practitioner
      were only rarely seen to be tied up with the criteria used to assess the value of
      modern medicine.

PMID- 3378862
TI  - Sex education in Cuba: an interview with Dr. Celestino Alvarez Lajonchere.
      Interview by Elizabeth Fee.
AB  - This article is an interview with Dr. Celestino Alvarez Lajonchere, Director of
      the National Institute of Sex Education in Havana, Cuba. The topics of discussion
      include reproductive rights issues, contraception, and abortion law; sex
      education in Cuba, homosexuality, and national policy on AIDS.

PMID- 3378863
TI  - Corneal biopsy.

PMID- 3378864
TI  - Keratophakia and keratomileusis.

PMID- 3378865
TI  - Laser corneal surgery.

PMID- 3378866
TI  - Conjunctival flaps.

PMID- 3378867
TI  - Ocular surface epithelial transplantation.

PMID- 3378868
TI  - Eyelid procedures for corneal diseases.

PMID- 3378870
TI  - 1 in 4 Irish women suffer bone disease.

PMID- 3378869
TI  - Outpatient corneal surgery.

PMID- 3378871
TI  - Euthanasia in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3378872
TI  - Euthanasia in The Netherlands. Justifiable euthanasia.

PMID- 3378873
TI  - Euthanasia in The Netherlands. Euthanasia: our own future?

PMID- 3378874
TI  - Euthanasia in The Netherlands. Euthanasia and the law in The Netherlands.

PMID- 3378875
TI  - Euthanasia in The Netherlands. Elderly persons on the subject of euthanasia.

PMID- 3378876
TI  - Platelet-modified lipoprotein induced by thrombin: effect of whole blood and
      plasma.
AB  - The effect of thrombin, the platelet-activating agent, on lipids and lipoprotein
      patterns in humans was studied in whole blood, in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and
      in washed platelet/lipoprotein systems. Upon incubation of whole blood at 37 C
      for 24 h and then centrifugation of the cells, the content of plasma cholesterol
      and triglyceride decreased. In the presence of thrombin (10 u/ml), plasma high
      density lipoprotein (HDL) levels also markedly decreased. In PRP, plasma lipids
      and lipoproteins were reduced to a lesser extent than in platelet-poor plasma
      (PPP). In the presence of thrombin, plasma HDL was decreased in PRP, but not in
      PPP. The electrophoretic mobility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was increased
      following incubation of whole blood, PRP or PPP, but decreased in the presence of
      thrombin. When washed platelets were incubated with LDL or HDL for 24 h at 37 C,
      there was a significant increment in the lipid and protein content of the
      lipoprotein medium, resulting from platelet-released particles; this phenomenon
      was increased in the presence of thrombin and more so with LDL. LDL--but not HDL-
      electrophoretic mobility was increased following incubation with washed
      platelets, but thrombin caused a reduction in lipoprotein electrophoretic
      mobility. This study demonstrates that platelets affect lipid and lipoprotein
      patterns and this is influenced by thrombin treatment. Platelets release lipid
      protein particles, which then interact with and modify the lipoprotein.

PMID- 3378877
TI  - Computerized tomography findings in pediatric patients with posterior fossa
      lesions.
AB  - The posterior fossa (PF) is a common site of lesions in the brain during
      childhood and infancy. Sixty pediatric patients with PF lesions shown on CT scans
      are presented. The most common lesions (48.4%) were intra-axial tumors, such as
      astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas. The tumors were relatively large
      at the time of diagnosis. The largest were medulloblastomas (mean maximal
      diameter 45.6 +/- 9.7 mm). Other abnormal findings of the PF were congenital
      anomalies, vascular lesions, hypoplasia and atrophy. A common approach to PF
      lesions is offered, emphasizing the variability, the incidence, and the different
      CT features of the lesions.

PMID- 3378878
TI  - High-field magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial hematomas.
AB  - One hundred intracranial hematomas aged 1 day to greater than 4 years old were
      imaged at 1.5 Tesla using T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences.
      Characteristic intensity patterns seen in the evolution of hematomas were
      identical to those preliminarily reported in 20 hematomas. They allow staging of
      a hematoma into acute (less than 1 week old), subacute (between 1 week and 1
      month old), and chronic (several months to several years old). The mechanisms
      suspected to be responsible for these intensity patterns were confirmed by in
      vitro nuclear magnetic relaxometry of blood, ferritin and hemosiderotic spleen
      samples performed on a variable field spectrometer at 0.19 to 1.4 Tesla. High
      field magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive and specific for hemorrhage in all
      of its stages of evolution as well as to the ambient oxygen tension of acute
      hematomas.

PMID- 3378879
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid findings in infants with nonpolio enteroviral meningitis.
AB  - We studied 25 infants aged less than 9 months who were diagnosed as having
      nonpolio enteroviral meningitis (EM) confirmed by virus isolation from
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF protein, glucose and cellular content in these
      infants was compared with that of 125 age-matched febrile infants without
      cerebromeningeal illness. In order to control for changes occurring in the CSF
      during the first 2 months of life, the studied infants and the control subjects
      were stratified into 2-week age-groups and were compared. All but three of the
      infants with EM had increased CSF leukocyte count, and 10 infants showed
      domination of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the CSF. Only two had increased
      CSF protein levels, and low CSF/blood glucose ratios were found in all but two
      cases. None of the infants with EM had increased values of CSF protein
      concomitant with decreased CSF/blood glucose ratio. CSF in EM is characterized by
      increased white blood cell count in contrast with normal or near-normal CSF
      protein and glucose levels. In some infants, enterovirus isolation may be the
      only evidence of EM.

PMID- 3378880
TI  - Transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during honey intoxication.

PMID- 3378881
TI  - Inner ear dysfunction due to hypertonic Dead Sea water.

PMID- 3378883
TI  - Popliteal cyst rupture in a marathon runner.

PMID- 3378882
TI  - Beneficial effect of pindolol in keratoconjunctivitis sicca induced by
      propranolol and atenolol.

PMID- 3378884
TI  - Computer-based testing in assessment of physician competence.

PMID- 3378885
TI  - Nursing: looking into the future. Part III.

PMID- 3378886
TI  - [Progressive lymphangiokeratoma and angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome) in
      congenital lymphedema].
AB  - Three unusual clinical and histopathological changes were found in a 59-year-old
      male patient with congenital lymphedema of the lower left leg. Firstly, a
      keratotic lymphangioma had developed in the course of only a few years and in the
      end involved the entire left leg up to the buttocks--far beyond the edematous
      area. Secondly, concealed beneath the lymphangiokeratoma, a solitary tumor almost
      the size of a table-tennis ball was found on the outer side of the lower left
      leg. Histopathologically, the tumor proved to be a malignant angiosarcoma, which
      had grown over a period of some months. It was characterized histopathologically
      by solid and angiomatous differentiation. Thirdly, the superficial and deep lymph
      vessels revealed remarkable atypia and papillary proliferations of endothelial
      cells. After amputation of the left leg at the thigh, with complete removal of
      the angiosarcoma, but leaving the pathologically altered vessels in the upper
      part of the left leg and the buttocks, no clinical signs of metastases of
      progression have been noted during the first year after operation.

PMID- 3378887
TI  - [Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of
      tetracycline and erythromycin in 35 recent Munich isolates of Chlamydia
      trachomatis].
AB  - Thirty-five recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis were subcultured
      and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with tetracycline and
      erythromycin. Detection of typical chlamydial inclusion bodies and elementary
      bodies was based on the use of fluorescence-labelled monoclonal antibodies.
      Minimum inhibitory concentration being defined as the lowest concentration
      suppressing all inclusion body formation and minimum bactericidal concentration
      as the lowest concentration preventing all detectable chlamydial growth, both
      these parameters were studied. With tetracycline the minimum inhibitory
      concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.08 microgram/ml, with erythromycin from 0.04
      to 0.2 microgram/ml. The corresponding data for the minimum bactericidal
      concentrations were less than 0.2 to 1.0 and 0.2 to 2.0 respectively. Thus, at
      present, there still seems to be no major resistance problem with genital
      Chlamydia trachomatis isolates in the Federal Republic of Germany.

PMID- 3378888
TI  - [Pigmented neurofibroma].
AB  - In a 24-year-old male melanin synthesis was demonstrated in a neurofibroma by
      light and electron microscopy. Although it is unclear whether the tumor cells are
      pigment-synthesizing Schwann cells or whether they originate from a coexisting
      melanocytic tumor, this tumor again demonstrates the close relationship between
      peripheral nerve sheath tumors and melanocytic malformations, as for example
      cellular blue nevi.

PMID- 3378889
TI  - [Multiple BCG-induced ulcers after subcutaneous vaccination in the framework of
      immunochemotherapy in malignant melanoma].
AB  - Immunochemotherapy combining dacarbazine with BCG is a possible therapeutic
      method for the adjuvant treatment of malignant melanomas. The routes of
      application of BCG, however, vary. As the case of a 61-year-old female shows,
      subcutaneous injection can lead to severe ulcerations, which respond to
      tuberculostatic therapy. Therefore scarifications seems to be preferable.

PMID- 3378890
TI  - [Sclerosing lipogranuloma (paraffin-induced granuloma) of the penis with a
      clinical picture of carcinoma].
AB  - A case of sclerosing lipogranuloma (paraffinoma) of the penis is presented. The
      clinical manifestations of the lesion were very similar to those of squamous-cell
      carcinoma of the penis. In such cases, the correct diagnosis can be made from a
      precise history, the characteristic histological features and, if necessary,
      special chemical lipid analyses.

PMID- 3378891
TI  - [Steatocystoma multiplex conglobatum].
AB  - Two patients are described in whom steatocystoma multiplex conglobatum presented
      as recurrent axillary abscesses. This disease entity is rare and can easily be
      confused with hidradenitis suppurativa or acne conglobata.

PMID- 3378892
TI  - A new intellectual atmosphere.

PMID- 3378893
TI  - Two methods for examining angular response of personnel dosimeters.
AB  - The American National Standard ANSI N13.11-1983 is used to test the accuracy
      (bias plus precision) of dosimetry processors as part of the dosimetry
      accreditation program of the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
      (NVLAP). Section 3.8 of the ANSI N13.11-1983 standard requires that a study of
      the angular response of a dosimeter be carried out once, although no pass/fail
      criterion is given for angular response. The NVLAP accreditation program excluded
      Section 3.8, and thus no angular response data have been generated in an
      organized fashion. The objective of this project is to examine the feasibility of
      two alternative methods to test the angular response of personnel dosimeters. The
      first alternative involves static irradiations with the dosimeters at fixed
      angles to a radiation source. The second alternative involves dynamic
      irradiations with the dosimeters mounted on a rotating phantom. A Panasonic UD
      802 personnel dosimetry system** was used to generate data to examine both
      alternatives. The results lead to two major conclusions. Firstly, Section 3.8 of
      the ANSI N13.11-1983 standard should be amended to require a pass/fail test for
      angular response. Secondly, a comparison between angular response data generated
      with a fixed or a rotating phantom shows that the rotating phantom is the more
      cost-effective method.

PMID- 3378894
TI  - Organ doses from radionuclides on the ground. Part I. Simple time dependences.
AB  - Organ dose equivalents of mathematical, anthropomorphical phantoms ADAM and EVA
      for photon exposures from plane sources on the ground have been calculated by
      Monte Carlo photon transport codes and tabulated in this article. The calculation
      takes into account the air-ground interface and a typical surface roughness, the
      energy and angular dependence of the photon fluence impinging on the phantom and
      the time dependence of the contributions from daughter nuclides. Results are up
      to 35% higher than data reported in the literature for important radionuclides.
      This manuscript deals with radionuclides, for which the time dependence of dose
      equivalent rates and dose equivalents may be approximated by a simple
      exponential. A companion manuscript treats radionuclides with non-trivial time
      dependences.

PMID- 3378895
TI  - A retrospective look at Rn-induced lung cancer mortality from the viewpoint of a
      relative risk model.
AB  - The potential contribution to U.S. lung cancer deaths from 1930 to 1987 from
      indoor 222Rn exposures is investigated from the standpoint of a constant relative
      risk model. Based on this model, which assumes a Rn risk proportional to the
      baseline lung cancer risk from other causes, the rate of Rn-induced lung cancer
      mortality has been increasing sharply since 1930. However, the estimated
      proportion of lung cancer deaths attributable to Rn has remained fairly constant.
      Applying the range of coefficients the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      employs in assessing the risk from indoor Rn, it is estimated that 8-25% of all
      current lung cancer deaths are "attributable to" past Rn exposures. The major
      sources of uncertainty in the estimates are discussed.

PMID- 3378896
TI  - The inhalation hazard of radioactive fallout.
AB  - The inhalation hazard of fallout particles from a nuclear ground burst has been
      evaluated with the ICRP Task Group Lung Model and the DELFIC fallout model for
      the 0.5-kt to 10-Mt yield range. It was found that for the conditions considered
      in this work, the inhalation of fallout particles does not present a significant
      radiological hazard.

PMID- 3378897
TI  - Sheltering--a protective measure following an accidental atmospheric release from
      a nuclear power plant.
AB  - The effectiveness of sheltering the population for reducing radiological effects
      following an accidental release of radioactivity at a nuclear power plant was
      investigated. Different levels of respiratory protection and the administration
      of a thyroid blocking agent were also studied as possible complements to
      sheltering. Specific conditions were assumed, concerning the high protection
      factors of regular buildings and the high availability of civil defense shelters.
      Computations were performed by means of a probabilistic consequence model, which
      allows a comprehensive description of exposure modes and processes dealing with
      the implementation of sheltering and which takes into account a broad range of
      radiological effects. Sheltering, even in regular buildings, was found to be
      efficient in reducing early fatalities and other non-stochastic effects. However,
      it was shown that respiratory protection is also needed in order to alleviate
      stochastic effects and that, for this purpose, expedient individual filtration
      methods may be satisfactory. Under the conditions studied, sheltering was found
      to be preferable in most cases over evacuation, as the main immediate protective
      measure, unless evacuation can be carried out before the radioactive cloud
      reaches the populated area.

PMID- 3378899
TI  - Analogy between the main ionizing and non-ionizing (optical) radiation protection
      quantities.

PMID- 3378898
TI  - Long-term stability of electret dosimeters.

PMID- 3378900
TI  - Comments on estimates of external gamma exposure from testing at the Nevada Test
      Site.

PMID- 3378901
TI  - Mechanisms of psychosocial effects on health: the role of social integration,
      coping style and health behavior.
AB  - To analyze the mechanisms by which psychosocial factors affect health, this
      research investigated social integration and indicators of coping style and their
      relation to health behaviors and health status. The analysis was conducted using
      the results of a 1977 survey of 854 household interviews from a multi-stage
      probability sample of adult residents of Washtenaw County, Michigan. Physical
      health status was evaluated by two indices: Self-rated global health and self
      reports of chronic disability. Mental health was assessed with the Center for
      Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Overall, the effects of the psychosocial
      factors were stronger for mental health than physical health. Social integration
      was shown to have direct effects on both physical and mental-health status.
      Internal locus of control was associated with lower levels of depressive
      symptoms. Chronic conditions were primarily affected by age, sex, and health
      behavior. Evidence from the path analyses suggested that part of the health
      benefit that women accrue from social integration and an active coping style is
      related to better health behavior. This mediation effect was not found for men.

PMID- 3378902
TI  - Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model.
AB  - The Health Belief Model, social learning theory (recently relabelled social
      cognitive theory), self-efficacy, and locus of control have all been applied with
      varying success to problems of explaining, predicting, and influencing behavior.
      Yet, there is conceptual confusion among researchers and practitioners about the
      interrelationships of these theories and variables. This article attempts to show
      how these explanatory factors may be related, and in so doing, posits a revised
      explanatory model which incorporates self-efficacy into the Health Belief Model.
      Specifically, self-efficacy is proposed as a separate independent variable along
      with the traditional health belief variables of perceived susceptibility,
      severity, benefits, and barriers. Incentive to behave (health motivation) is also
      a component of the model. Locus of control is not included explicitly because it
      is believed to be incorporated within other elements of the model. It is
      predicted that the new formulation will more fully account for health-related
      behavior than did earlier formulations, and will suggest more effective
      behavioral interventions than have hitherto been available to health educators.

PMID- 3378903
TI  - Perceptions held by obese children and their parents: implications for weight
      control intervention.
AB  - The study was designed to identify some of the psychosocial barriers to
      compliance in a hospital-based weight control intervention program for
      adolescents. Forty obese adolescents, 10 to 16 years of age, and their parents
      were surveyed prior to participation in a behavioral change weight control
      program at a major teaching hospital. Significant correlations were obtained
      between weight loss outcome and six factors. In obese adolescents, weight loss
      was significantly associated with their beliefs regarding: (1) personal control
      over weight, (2) barriers or difficulty of losing weight, (3) medical problems as
      a cause of their obesity, (4) family problems as a cause of their obesity, and
      (5) perceived willingness of family members to diet. It is suggested that greater
      weight loss in children who perceived more barriers/difficulty and less family
      willingness to diet may reflect the importance of having realistic expectations
      related to behavioral compliance. In addition, a positive parental attitude or
      expectation that the child was less likely to be overweight in the future was
      associated with greater weight loss compliance. Other parental health beliefs,
      however, did not generally predict the child's weight loss response to the
      intervention. The findings lend support to the significance of the adolescent's
      beliefs regarding weight and family support in explaining weight loss response to
      a behavioral change intervention program.

PMID- 3378904
TI  - Format and quitting instructions as factors influencing the impact of a self
      administered quit smoking program.
AB  - This article presents results from an experimental study designed to evaluate the
      effects of two features of self-help smoking cessation booklets, format (i.e.,
      day-by-day plan for quitting versus a less structured menu format) and quitting
      instructions (i.e., "cold turkey" versus gradual reduction) on smoking cessation.
      Four separate self-help booklets were developed for comparison in this study.
      Each varied on a combination of the two study factors, but were similar in
      content, length, style, and readability. The four booklets provided similar
      advice on how to quit smoking, emphasizing behavioral self-management principles.
      In addition to the experimental booklets, a fifth control booklet provided
      general information about smoking and its adverse effects, but no specific advice
      on quitting. Study subjects included 1,534 adult cigarette smokers who called a
      stop smoking hotline in Buffalo, New York seeking information on how to quit.
      Subjects were followed up by phone one month and six months after enrollment to
      assess changes in smoking behavior. Overall, 18% of subjects reported of being
      off cigarettes for at least one week at the time of the six month follow-up
      interview. The format of the booklet and quitting instructions had no effect on
      smoking cessation rates. In addition, the four booklets emphasizing behavioral
      self-management skills were no more effective than the control booklet (6 month
      non-smoking prevalence rate: 17% versus 19%). It is recommended that future self
      help quit smoking booklets include information aimed at motivating cessation and
      focus less attention on teaching strategies for quitting.

PMID- 3378905
TI  - Personal health training and the severely handicapped: a curriculum based
      research investigation.
AB  - Project TRANSITION studied, as part of a three year field initiated research
      project, the effect of training selected personal health skills and their
      relationship to adaptive behavior. The subjects were moderately, severely, and
      profoundly retarded individuals residing in a state-operated developmental
      center. Eighty-eight subjects were selected and then randomly assigned to one of
      four experimental groups and participated in a 14-week training program. To test
      the effects of the training, valid and reliable curriculum-embedded tests were
      developed and used. A curriculum-embedded test uses the material to be learned as
      the basis for assessing the degree to which the material has been learned. These
      tests were designed to measure and monitor subjects' independent ability to
      perform each task analyzed skill. The Adaptive Behavior Scale was used to measure
      changes in adaptive behavior. Results of the personal health skill testing
      yielded significant group differences on the independent indices developed for
      the Project. No meaningful significant differences were found in adaptive
      behavior. The data indicated that the developed curriculum and scoring system was
      effectively used to train and monitor selected independent personal health skills
      of the severely mentally retarded adults in this study.

PMID- 3378906
TI  - Cigarette advertisements in magazines: evidence for a differential focus on
      women's and youth magazines.
AB  - Cigarette advertisements in eight popular magazines from 1960 to 1985 were
      examined. The magazines were selected to represent different market segments,
      particularly women and youth. Across all eight magazines, the average number of
      cigarette ads per issue increased substantially following the 1971 television ban
      on cigarette ads. Moreover, beginning in the late 1960s and early 1970s,
      proportionately more ads were placed in women's and youth-oriented magazines than
      in magazines which targeted other population segments. These data suggest that
      the tobacco industry may have responded to decreases in the number of smokers and
      the per capita consumption of cigarettes with an enterprising attempt to recruit
      new smokers-particularly young people and women.

PMID- 3378907
TI  - On being accountable.

PMID- 3378908
TI  - A reluctant hero.

PMID- 3378909
TI  - The elderly today and tomorrow. Memory impairment and dementia in old age.

PMID- 3378910
TI  - Young children's behavioural problems and related variables.

PMID- 3378911
TI  - Prevention of behaviour problems in pre-school children: preliminary
      considerations.

PMID- 3378912
TI  - Know your organisations: BACUP.

PMID- 3378913
TI  - Psychotherapy with an acutely anxious six year old.

PMID- 3378914
TI  - Parentcraft: who teaches the teachers?

PMID- 3378915
TI  - Health care in Leningrad and Helsinki.

PMID- 3378916
TI  - [Tissues from aborted fetus used for transplantation].

PMID- 3378917
TI  - [Fetus as a useful product?].

PMID- 3378918
TI  - [16 women experienced acupuncture in childbirth].

PMID- 3378919
TI  - Effect of sex ratio of the birth litter on subsequent reproductive performance of
      gilts.
AB  - Records on age at puberty from 1,555 gilts and total number of pigs born in
      litters of 1,187 gilts from the Nebraska gene pool population were used to
      evaluate the effects of uterine environment on subsequent reproductive
      performance. Independent variables were line, year, line x year, proportion of
      males in the birth litter (sex ratio), number born in the birth litter
      (fraternity size) and sex ratio x fraternity size. Sex ratio, fraternity size and
      their interaction influenced age at puberty (P less than .01) but not number born
      (P greater than .2). Partial regression coefficients indicated that age at
      puberty tended to decrease as sex ratio increased, particularly in small litters.
      Although the regression coefficients were relatively large, sex ratio, fraternity
      size and their interaction accounted for only 1.3% of the variation in age at
      puberty within line x year subclass. These results offer little encouragement for
      the use of sex ratio as a phenotypic selection criterion for improvement of
      reproductive performance in gilts. Results suggest that female swine are similar
      to rodents in response to uterine environmental effects.

PMID- 3378920
TI  - Carcass composition in mature Hereford cows: estimation and effect on daily
      metabolizable energy requirement during winter.
AB  - Seventy-two mature, nonpregnant, nonlactating Hereford cows (400 kg) were
      utilized in a comparative slaughter trial to investigate the effects of carcass
      composition on the metabolizable energy (ME) required for maintenance in winter.
      Body condition score (CS), live weight (LW) and weight:height ratio (WTHT) were
      evaluated and compared as estimators of carcass composition in cows. Cows ranged
      in LW, CS and WTHT from 275 to 595 kg, 2.0 to 8.0 units and 2.29 to 4.62 kg/cm,
      respectively. Live weight, CS and WTHT predicted total carcass energy (TMCAL, r2
      = .81, .85 and .83), carcass fat (FAT, r2 = .78, .82 and .80), carcass protein
      (PRO, r2 = .71, .74 and .70) and carcass water (WAT, r2 = .78, .71 and .77) with
      similar accuracy. When composition was expressed on a per unit weight basis, CS
      was superior to LW and WTHT as predictors of TMCAL/hot carcass weight, TMCAL/LW
      and FAT/hot carcass weight (r2 = .82, .60 and .64; .83, .58 and .62; and .82, .64
      and .68, respectively). Forty-seven cows were individually fed a complete diet
      (2.50 Mcal ME/dry matter) in drylot for 114 d in yr 1 and 115 d in yr 2. Daily
      feed intakes were adjusted each week to maintain constant LW throughout the
      winter. Data were analyzed by fitting the model: ME intake = k-1 (carcass energy
      change) + f(CS)LW.75, where k = efficiency of ME use for carcass energy change
      and f(CS) = function of CS. Year as a class variable and the expression .1028 +
      .0234(CS) - .0025(CS)2 accounted for 41% of the variation in Mcal ME for
      maintenance/LW.75. Condition score was more closely related to carcass
      composition in mature cows than was LW or WTHT and cows in either a thin (CS = 3)
      condition or a fat (CS = 7) condition required less (4.4% and 8.9%) Mcal ME/LW.75
      for maintenance than cows in moderate (CS = 5) condition.

PMID- 3378921
TI  - Genetic aspects of longevity in Angus and Hereford cows.
AB  - Thirty years and 23 yr of life history data from a Hereford herd in Arizona and
      an Angus herd in Wyoming, respectively, were analyzed. Longevity averaged 4.21 +/
      .06 for years from first calving to disposal (FST), 7.40 +/- .06 for years from
      birth to disposal (AGE) and 3.46 +/- .06 for lifetime number of calves weaned
      (NUM) in Herefords and 4.49 +/- .13 (FST), 6.68 +/- .12 (AGE) and 3.66 +/- .11
      (NUM) in Angus. In the Hereford herd, heritability estimates for traits measuring
      longevity, estimated from daughter-dam regression and paternal half-sib analyses,
      ranged from .16 to .26. In the Angus herd, heritability estimates from daughter
      dam regression ranged from .03 to .05. In the Hereford herd, genetic correlations
      of birth weight and weaning weight with longevity, from daughter-dam regression,
      were negative and generally of low magnitude, whereas genetic correlations
      between weaning condition score and longevity were positive and moderate.
      Analogous estimates from paternal half-sib analyses all were positive and
      moderate to high. Phenotypic correlations between early life traits and longevity
      traits in Herefords all were near zero. In the Angus herd, curves for age
      specific survivorship and age-specific survival rate varied markedly among sires.
      This study suggested the existence of moderate genetic variation for longevity
      traits in beef cattle. None of the traits expressed early in life that were
      examined would, however, be reliable predictors of genetic or phenotypic merit
      for longevity.

PMID- 3378922
TI  - Direct and maternal variances and covariances and maternal phenotypic effects on
      preweaning growth of beef cattle.
AB  - Birth weights (BW) and weaning weights (WW) of 4,423 non-creep-fed Hereford
      calves were used to estimate direct and maternal sources of variation and
      maternal phenotypic effects (fm). Seventeen different (co)variances among
      relatives were estimated through Henderson's Method III and restricted estimated
      maximum likelihood procedures. Direct and maternal (co)variances and fm were
      evaluated by multiple regression procedures. Estimates of h2 for BW and WW were
      .28 and .28 respectively, by the paternal half-sib procedure and .45 and .88,
      respectively, based on full-sibs. Repeatability estimates were .21 for BW and .30
      for WW. Heritabilities based on regression of offspring on dam and offspring on
      sire were .45 and .21 for BW and .28 and .06 for WW, respectively. Negative
      correlations were found between solutions for additive genetic direct and
      additive maternal effects (rG). Estimates of rG ranged from -.86 to -1.05 for BW
      and from -.57 to -.79 for WW. Estimates of heritability for direct effects (h2o),
      for maternal effects (h2m) and for total additive genetic effects (h2T) were .16
      to .27, .18 to .63 and -.02 to .05 for BW and .26 to .32, .27 to .67 and .10 to
      .20 for WW. Dominance affected both direct and maternal effects for BW and WW.
      Values of -.15 (BW) and -.25 (WW) were found for fm (path coefficient between the
      maternal phenotypes of dam and daughter). These results indicated that selection
      response would be decreased due to the negative genetic correlation between
      direct and maternal effects.

PMID- 3378923
TI  - Effects of auditory, visual and chemical stimuli on the ingestive behavior of
      newly weaned piglets.
AB  - Auditory, chemical and visual stimuli were used in a factorial trial in an
      attempt to stimulate feeding in newly weaned piglets. Ninety-six crossbred
      piglets weaned at 28 d of age were assigned to groups containing four
      littermates. Each group was placed in a 1.2-m X 1.2-m pen in an isolated room for
      48 h. Pens were equipped with nipple waterers and trough-type feeders. The
      auditory stimulus was piglet and sow nursing vocalizations. A visual stimulus was
      provided by a lamp that illuminated the feeding area. Auditory and visual stimuli
      were presented for 5 min once an hour for 48 h. The chemical stimulus consisted
      of 60 ml of evaporated milk sprayed over the surface of the feed once every 12 h.
      Water was used in place of milk in control treatments. Piglets were videotaped
      for 48 h. Frequency and duration of feeding, drinking and lying were recorded for
      two piglets out of each pen. Auditory stimuli increased (P less than .05) the
      number of drinking bouts per day from 16.3 to 19.2 and the number of drinking
      bouts associated with stimulus presentation from 6.2 to 8.0. There also was an
      auditory X day interaction effect on total time spent feeding. On d 2 postweaning
      piglets in the auditory treatment group spent more (P less than .05) time feeding
      than did those without auditory stimulation (127.1 vs 104.2 min, respectively).
      The relatively simple visual and chemical stimuli tested had no significant
      effects on ingestive behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378924
TI  - Effects of amperozide on biting behavior and performance in restricted-fed pigs
      following regrouping.
AB  - Eight experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a single
      administration of amperozide on agonistic behavior and growth performance in
      newly mixed, restricted-fed pigs. Two hundred 12-wk-old pigs were used in a 4-wk
      trial (Exp. 1) to investigate the effect of amperozide on agonistic behavior and
      performance. The pigs were assigned to each pen on the basis of body weight and
      sex, ensuring that pigs in each pen were unacquainted. Each pig was weighed
      individually on d 3, 7 and 28. Agonistic behavior was quantified by counting bite
      and slash marks on each pig at 8, 26 and 48 h after penning. An i.m. injection of
      amperozide immediately before mixing the pigs reduced the physical damage (P less
      than .001) at each time point. There was no evidence of amperozide causing either
      sedation or motor disturbances. On the average, amperozide treatment improved (P
      less than .001) daily gain in the 4-wk study period by 70 g (17%). In Exp. 2 to
      8, 1,648 pigs growing from approximately 20 to 100 kg body weight were used to
      determine the effect of amperozide on weight gain. Pigs were penned in groups of
      9 to 11, randomly assigned to each pen on the basis of sex. Each pig was weighed
      individually after penning, on d 35 and at slaughter. Untreated control pigs had
      a poorer growth performance than did amperozide-treated pigs. During the first 5
      wk postpenning average daily gain was improved (P less than .001) by 90 g (26%)
      in pigs receiving a single oral administration of amperozide at penning.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378925
TI  - Genotype and sex effects on the relationship between energy intake and protein
      deposition in growing pigs.
AB  - Seventy-two crossbred (Large White X Landrace) pigs were used in a 3 X 7
      factorial experiment to investigate the response of two strains of boars (strains
      A and B) and of castrated male pigs (strain B) to seven levels of intake of a
      single diet (ranging from 5.3 Mcal digestible energy [DE]/d to ad libitum)
      between 45 and 90 kg live weight. All aspects of growth performance and body
      composition were affected to different degrees by both strain and sex. At all
      levels of energy intake strain A boars grew faster, had a lower feed to gain
      ratio and contained less fat and more water in the empty body than strain B
      boars, which in turn exhibited faster live weight gain and more efficient and
      leaner growth than castrated males. The magnitude of the differences in growth
      performance between strain A and strain B boars and castrates increased with
      increased energy intake above 7.88 Mcal DE/d, and these differences were
      associated with concomitant strain differences in their respective capacity for
      protein growth and in the relationship between energy intake and protein
      deposition. For strain A boars the rate of protein deposition increased linearly
      from 92 to 188 g/d with increased energy intake from 5.3 Mcal DE/d to ad libitum.
      For strain B boars and castrates the rate of protein deposition increased
      linearly with increased energy intake up to 7.88 Mcal DE/d, but thereafter it
      remained constant at 128 and 85 g/d, respectively. For castrates protein
      deposition was depressed (P less than .01) when the diet was offered ad libitum.
      Strain A boars had a higher energy requirement for maintenance (3.55 Mcal DE/d)
      than strain B boars (2.77 Mcal DE/d) or castrates (2.60 Mcal DE/d). Strain A
      boars also contained less protein and more water in the fat free empty body than
      the other two pig types.

PMID- 3378926
TI  - Measurement of protein turnover in skeletal muscle strips.
AB  - Isolated porcine and bovine muscle strips were incubated in Krebs Ringer
      bicarbonate buffer to determine in vitro protein synthesis (PS) and protein
      degradation (PD) rates to validate the in vitro system for use with livestock
      species. The addition of 5X plasma concentrations of amino acids to the medium
      stimulated PS 30%. Addition of 3.5 mM leucine to a leucine-deficient buffer
      supplemented with amino acids decreased PD 37% and stimulated PS 24%. The
      addition of .1 U/ml insulin reduced PD 28% and increased PS 30%. Protein
      degradation was elevated in longitudinally split rat soleus and extensor
      digitorum longus muscles compared to their contralateral intact muscles. Muscle
      strips must be removed within 15 min of exsanguination because PD rates become
      greatly elevated thereafter. ATP concentrations declined during incubation, but
      the addition of ATP or creatine had no effect on either PD or PS. Neither PD nor
      PS was affected by the addition of transferrin, fetuin, ascorbate, dexamethasone
      or indomethacin to the incubation medium. However, muscle strips were sensitive
      to the addition of triiodothyronine (T3), PD was increased up to 75% as T3
      concentration was increased, and PS rates doubled compared to controls. Serum
      from mature barrows or gilts had no effect on protein turnover, but the addition
      of 10% and 15% serum from boars increased both PD and PS. With fasted pigs a
      continual decline in PS occurred over 5 d, whereas PD was elevated at 3 d and
      then declined to rates comparable to the fed state after 5 d. These data suggest
      that the in vitro system has application for assessing relative changes that
      occur in vivo following nutritional, physiological and endocrinological
      manipulation.

PMID- 3378927
TI  - Effects of endophyte-infected fescue on concentrations of prolactin in blood sera
      and the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine and dopamine
      metabolites in brains of steers.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to determine if the decrease in circulating
      concentrations of prolactin in cattle consuming endophyte (Acremonium
      coenophialum) -infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) was associated with
      changes in prolactin concentrations in the anterior pituitary and concentrations
      of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid (DOPAC) and
      homovanillic acid (HVA) in the stalk median eminence (SME), preoptic area (POA)
      and hypothalamus (HP). Six crossbred steers that grazed high-endophyte (greater
      than 90% infected) fescue and four steers that grazed low-endophyte (less than 1%
      infected) fescue from April to September were slaughtered. Brains and pituitaries
      were removed and dissected. Extracts from neural tissue were analyzed for DA,
      DOPAC and HVA using high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical
      detection. Pituitary extracts and sera from blood samples taken 5 d prior to
      slaughter were subjected to prolactin radioimmunoassay. Consumption of high
      endophyte fescue was associated with decreased concentrations of prolactin in
      serum (P less than .01) and in the anterior pituitary (P = .08), decreased (P
      less than .05) concentrations of DA in the SME and decreased (P less than .01)
      concentrations of HVA in the POA and HP, but it did not influence levels of
      DOPAC. These results suggest that endophyte toxins may reduce prolactin synthesis
      and release and may alter activity of dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 3378928
TI  - Melatonin and prolactin concentrations in blood of cattle exposed to 8, 16 or 24
      hours of daily light.
AB  - In two experiments, 17-wk-old Holstein bulls exposed to 16 (Exp. 1) or 24 h (Exp.
      2) of light daily were compared with bulls given 8 h of light. Blood was sampled
      at 30-min or 120-min intervals for 48 h at the beginning and again after 4 wk of
      light treatment. Melatonin concentrations varied episodically in serum, and means
      were 1.6-fold to 5.1-fold greater during darkness than during light periods.
      Continuous lighting abolished the nocturnal increase in concentrations of
      melatonin in three of four calves. Prolactin (PRL) was greater (P less than .05)
      in calves receiving 16 h (30.9 ng/ml of serum) than in calves receiving 8 h (7.0
      ng/ml) of light daily. Prolactin was not different between calves receiving 24 or
      8 h of light daily. In a third experiment, one pinealectomized (PX) and two sham
      PX (SPX) calves were exposed to continuous lighting and infused with melatonin
      for 16 h/d for 5 wk, and one PX and two SPX calves were infused for 8 h daily.
      Melatonin infusion increased average concentrations of melatonin in serum 7.2
      fold to 18-fold above baseline concentrations. Duration of melatonin infusion did
      not affect PRL (21.0 vs 20.8 ng/ml of serum). Also, surgical treatment did not
      affect PRL concentrations. Similarly, in a fourth experiment, PRL in postpubertal
      heifers fed melatonin to mimic and 8L:16D photoperiod averaged 27.1 ng/ml of
      serum, which was not different from PRL in heifers receiving 16L:8D and fed
      vehicle (32.6 ng/ml). We conclude that PRL and melatonin are each affected by
      photoperiod but are not casually related in cattle.

PMID- 3378929
TI  - Influence of DL-methionine supplementation on growth, ruminal fermentation and
      dilution rates in heifers.
AB  - A 3 X 3 replicated Latin square design was used to evaluate three isonitrogenous
      supplements designed to supply 250 g crude protein (CP) daily. Measurements
      included in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fermentation
      and ruminal dilution rates. Supplements contained beet pulp plus DL-methionine
      and urea (MET), ammonium sulfate and urea (U) or soybean meal (SBM). Six mature,
      ruminally cannulated crossbred beef cows were individually fed supplement and a
      mixture (63% NDF and 6.1% CP) of chopped 75% grass hay and 25% barley straw in ad
      libitum. Fermentation rate of DM was increased (P less than .05) by 30% with MET
      in comparison to SBM or U (9.54 vs 7.28% and 7.74%/h for MET, SBM and U,
      respectively). Even though MET improved fermentation rate by 30%, particle
      dilution rate was more important in affecting ruminal digestibility than
      fermentation rate. Two 90-d heifer growth trials were conducted to evaluate
      similar supplements. Supplements similar to those used in the in situ trial were
      mixed with roughage to provide a complete diet balanced for .3 kg daily gain.
      Heifers consumed 112% of the National Research Council CP requirement. Weight
      gain, intake and feed conversion were similar (P greater than .10) for all
      treatments. In heifer trial 2, 90% of the National Research Council CP
      requirement was fed. The heifers supplemented with MET and SBM had faster (P less
      than .05) weight gains than heifers receiving U. These studies show that feeding
      DL-methionine with urea, as compared with feeding an isonitrogenous supplement
      containing SBM, increased the fermentation rate of DM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3378930
TI  - Effects of corn gluten feed on forage intake, digestibility and ruminal
      parameters of cattle fed native grass hay.
AB  - Thirty-two beef cows (467 kg) were individually fed native grass hay and
      supplement for two 14-d periods in each of 2 yr. Supplement treatments and
      amounts fed (kilograms/day) were negative control (NC), 0, or equal amounts of
      protein from soybean meal (SBM), .7; a blend of soybean meal and corn gluten feed
      (SBM/CGF), 1.0; or corn gluten feed (CGF) 1.6. Cows received supplement at 0645
      and had ad libitum access to native grass hay from 0700 to 1130 and from 1530 to
      2000. Compared with NC, all protein supplements increased (P less than .05)
      ruminal NH3, propionate and butyrate concentrations at 4 and 25 h postfeeding.
      Ruminal fluid pH, total VFA and acetate concentrations at 4 and 35 h postfeeding
      were not affected by supplements. All supplements increased (P less than .01) hay
      intake as well as hay, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total diet dry matter (DM)
      digestibility. Compared to supplemental SBM, feeding CGF reduced (P less than
      .01) hay intake. Calculated daily intakes of metabolizable energy (ME) were 12,
      17, 18, and 17 Mcal for NC, SBM, SBM/CGF and CGF, respectively. Hay intake, DM
      and ADF digestibility and ME intakes tended to be higher for SBM/CGF than for the
      average of SBM and CGF fed alone. Intakes of digestible DM and ADF were not
      altered by protein supplements, suggesting that intake responses were due to
      increased diet digestibility. Corn gluten feed appears to be an effective source
      of supplemental protein and energy for cows consuming low-quality roughage.

PMID- 3378931
TI  - Comparison of D-alanine and diaminopimelic acid as bacterial markers in young
      calves.
AB  - D-alanine (DAL) and diaminopimelic acid (DAP) were compared as markers to
      estimate proportion of bacterial N in total N reaching the abomasum of young
      calves. Sixteen Holstein bull calves fed complete pelleted starter or unpelleted
      starter plus hay and weaned at 4 or 8 wk of age were fitted with ruminal and
      abomasal cannulas and sampled twice weekly from 2 to 11 wk of age. Isolated
      ruminal bacterial cells contained more DAL than DAP at all weeks and averaged 7.0
      and 5.4 mg N/g N, respectively. Weekly mean marker concentrations were highly
      correlated (.89) in ruminal bacteria, except at 3 wk of age. Concentration of DAL
      in abomasal digesta was greater than that of DAP at all weeks and averaged 5.2
      and 2.4 mg N/g N, respectively. Weekly mean DAL correlated with DAP .61 in
      abomasal digesta and correlated .57 and .89 with starter intake, respectively.
      The proportion of bacterial N in total abomasal N was greater at all weeks when
      estimated by DAL than by DAP and averaged 77% and 46%, respectively. Estimates by
      DAL exceeded 100% in several cases and reflected large variation in analytical
      estimates. Estimates by DAL and DAP correlated .33 and .92 with starter intake. D
      alanine was not an acceptable bacterial marker in this study.

PMID- 3378932
TI  - Maintenance requirements and energetic efficiency of cows of different breed
      types.
AB  - Dry, nonpregnant, mature cows (greater than 10 yr) of five breeds (Angus, A;
      Brahman, B; Hereford, He; Holstein, Ho; and Jersey, J) and their crosses (n = 60)
      were used in a 428-d experiment to determine maintenance energy requirements and
      efficiency of energy exchange. Cows were fed individually (via Calan electronic
      gates) a 70% cottonseed hull diet for four consecutive periods (127, 105, 97 and
      99 d) at each of four levels (50, 83, 117 and 150% of each animal's estimated
      maintenance requirement). Each of four cows/breed group was assigned to one of
      the four feeding levels each period, with one cow fed each level each period.
      Body composition was measured initially and following each period in all cows via
      D2O dilution with a two-pool kinetics model procedure. Average ending live weight
      and empty body weight, protein and fat were similar to beginning values,
      indicating that cows began and ended in similar body composition. Dry matter
      digestibility (DMD) following the last period averaged 54.7%. Average DMD was
      53.5, 57.8, 52.0, 55.0 and 51.7% (standard error of mean [SE] = 2.1) for A, B,
      He, Ho and J; values for He and J were lower (P less than .05) than for B. Diet
      digestible energy (DE) was similar for all breed types and averaged 62.4% of
      gross energy (GE). A small decrease in DE with increasing GE intake was noted for
      all breed types. The daily metabolizable energy requirement for weight
      equilibrium for A, B, He, Ho and J differed (P less than .01) and was 100, 98,
      108, 119 and 152 kcal/kg.75 (SE 4.8), respectively, with an overall mean of 107.
      The ME for maintenance (MEm) was 91.6, 93.8, 95.3, 115.7 and 140.4 kcal/kg.75 for
      A, B, He, Ho and J (SE 6.0), respectively, with an overall mean of 101.9.
      Efficiency of weight change for A, B, He, Ho and J differed (P less than .01) and
      was 116, 135, 80, 116 and 58 g/Mcal ME intake, respectively, with an overall mean
      of 96. The respective efficiency of ME use for tissue energy gain or loss was
      80.6, 66.8, 66.0, 36.5 and 36.2% for A, B, He, Ho and J, with an average
      energetic efficiency of 60.1%. In general, maintenance requirements for weight
      and energy equilibrium were lower in beef breeds and their crosses than in dairy
      breeds and their crosses. Efficiency of ME use also favored the beef breeds over
      the dairy breeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3378933
TI  - Gestation nutrition, tissue exchange and maintenance requirements of heifers.
AB  - Forty-six pregnant, crossbred, 2-yr-old heifers of large or small mature size
      were individually fed a 70% cottonseed hull diet during gestation. Heifers were
      fed at either 1.0% (nutritionally restricted) or 1.5% (nonrestricted) of body
      weight from 90 d gestation through parturition. Live weight, from 90 d gestation
      to parturition, was reduced by 20.5% and 1.0% for restricted and nonrestricted
      heifers, respectively. Whereas nonrestricted heifers gained maternal protein (3.2
      kg) from d 90 through parturition, restricted heifers lost (P less than .05)
      protein (-5.4 kg) and mobilized twice (P less than .05) as much fat (49 vs 25
      kg). Percentage of empty body protein increased 13.1 and 9.3% in restricted and
      nonrestricted heifers, respectively, whereas fat decreased (P less than .05)
      31.7% (restricted) and 23.5% (nonrestricted) from 90 d to parturition. Daily
      metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) was greater for large than for small
      mature size heifers (169 vs 158 kcal/kg.75). Efficiency of ME use for gain was
      greater for small than for large mature size heifers (36.5 vs 31.2%). Efficiency
      in early gestation (45.4%) was greater than in late gestation (29.4%) and
      averaged 33.8% for 90 d gestation to parturition. Maintenance ME requirements
      increased 25% and efficiency of ME use decreased 35% with advancing stage of
      gestation. Nutritional restriction of heifers reduced (P less than .05) calf
      birth weight (27.3 vs 30.2 kg) and decreased gestation lengths (275 vs 282 d)
      compared with nonrestricted heifers. This research indicates that nutritional
      restriction of beef heifers alters birth weight, repartitions maternal tissues
      and changes rate of tissue mobilization.

PMID- 3378934
TI  - Influence of body condition and lasalocid during late gestation on blood
      metabolites, lamb birth weight and colostrum composition and production in Finn
      cross ewes.
AB  - The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of body condition
      (BC) and of lasalocid (L) the last 4 wk of gestation on blood metabolite
      profiles, lamb birth weight and colostrum composition and production. Twenty
      eight 3-yr-old Finn-Targhee ewes (73 kg) were assigned randomly within BC
      grouping (2.5 or 3.5) and individually fed a diet of 90% alfalfa pellets and 10%
      of a supplement containing either no L (C = control) or L. Gestation and 24-h
      postlambing weights were higher (P less than .05) for 3.5 BC versus 2.5 BC ewes.
      Lasalocid had no effect (P greater than .05) on ewe weight. Average number of
      lambs born within treatment groups were similar (P greater than .05). Total
      kilograms of lamb born were greater (P less than .10) for 3.5 BC ewes. Body
      condition 3.5 ewes had greater concentrations of total protein (P less than .10)
      and albumin (P less than .05) the last 4 wk of gestation than those in the 2.5 BC
      group. Feeding L decreased (P less than .05) blood urea-N in comparison with C
      ewes. Colostrum composition and production were not influenced (P greater than
      .05) by BC, L or number of lambs born. Serum 3-hydroxybutyrate seemed to be a
      good indicator of energy metabolism; albumin and blood urea-N concentrations
      reflected dietary protein intake. Lasalocid had a minimal effect on nutrient
      metabolism and productivity of ewes fed in excess of the NRC (1985) protein and
      energy requirements.

PMID- 3378936
TI  - Performance and ruminal changes of early-weaned calves fed lasalocid.
AB  - Twenty-two neonatal calves were assigned to a control or lasalocid-fed group and
      weaned at 3 wk of age. They were fed a prestarter diet from 3 d of age until they
      consumed 227 g/d and then a mixture of 227 g prestarter daily and starter diet in
      ad libitum amounts. The lasalocid-fed group received lasalocid in milk at 1 mg/kg
      body weight daily from 4 to 7 d and at .5 mg/kg body weight daily in milk and
      medicated prestarter diet (88 mg lasalocid/kg) during the 2nd wk. After 2 wk,
      lasalocid-fed calves were given medicated prestarter and starter (44 mg
      lasalocid/kg) diets. Four calves in each group were ruminally cannulated at 3 to
      5 d of age, and ruminal contents were obtained at weekly intervals to monitor
      microbial activity. Rectal fecal samples were collected from all calves and
      examined for coccidial oocysts. Lasalocid-fed calves had a greater weekly feed
      intake and weight gain than control calves after 6 wk of age. Total ruminal
      volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher, but the acetate:propionate ratio
      was lower in lasalocid-fed calves than in control calves. Total viable anaerobic
      and amylolytic bacterial counts were higher in lasalocid-fed calves than in
      control calves. No significant treatment effect was found for ruminal NH3-N
      concentration or ruminal lasalocid-resistant, lactobacilli, lactate-utilizing,
      cellulolytic or methanogenic bacterial numbers. No evidence of coccidiosis was
      detected in either group. In general, lasalocid-fed calves had greater feed
      intake, weight gain and ruminal microbial activity than the calves fed no
      lasalocid in the diet.

PMID- 3378935
TI  - Effects of salinomycin on ruminal characteristics and performance of grazing beef
      steers.
AB  - Grazing trials were conducted for 2 yr using weanling Brahman crossbred beef
      steers to evaluate graded levels of salinomycin (0, 50, 100 or 150 mg. head-1.d
      1) for 161 d and to evaluate salinomycin in a free-choice mineral supplement (99
      d). The 40 and 48 steers in trials 1 and 2 had average initial weights of 198 and
      285 kg, respectively. In trial 1, steers were group-fed to consume either 0, 50,
      100 or 150 mg of salinomycin.head-1.d-1 in .9 kg ground corn while grazing
      bermudagrass pastures. Both linear (P less than .01) and quadratic (P less than
      .05) effects were observed for steer performance as salinomycin level increased
      from 0 to 150 mg.head-1.d-1. Linear increases (P less than .01) in ruminal NH3-N
      (mg/100 ml) and in the molar proportion of propionate and decreases (P less than
      .01) in butyrate and acetate/propionate were detected. In trial 2, mineral
      supplements with and without salinomycin were fed free-choice to steers on
      bermudagrass pasture. The mean salinomycin intake of 38 mg.head-1.d-1 was lower
      than anticipated as a result of the instability of salinomycin in the mineral
      supplement and the slightly lower intake (65 g/d) than anticipated (75 g/d).
      Performance of steers was not influenced by salinomycin supplementation in trial
      2. The ionophore salinomycin at intakes over 50 mg.head-1.d-1 appears to increase
      the performance of steers grazing bermudagrass pasture.

PMID- 3378937
TI  - Breakdown of large particles in forage by simulated digestion and detrition.
AB  - To determine the importance of digestion and detrition (rubbing) in the rumen on
      the breakdown of large particles (LP) in the leaf and stem fractions of temperate
      and tropical forages, a study was made using a digestion-detrition simulator.
      Large-particle breakdown was measured in forage samples subjected to 48-h
      digestion or 48-h digestion plus detrition. Digestion caused a breakdown of 14%
      +/- 1.9% (means +/- SE) of the LP, and a further 8 +/- 1.9% were broken down by
      detrition. There was no difference in breakdown between temperate and tropical
      forages. The mean breakdown in vitro of LP of temperate forage was similar to
      that reported in vivo (21 vs 17%), but the breakdown of leaf fraction in vitro
      was twice that observed in vivo, possibly due to the greater breakdown in vivo of
      the LP during primary mastication. Both digestion and detrition cause a reduction
      in size of forage particles in vitro; this result supports conclusions drawn from
      in vivo studies.

PMID- 3378938
TI  - Influence of two levels of enzyme preparation on ruminal fermentation,
      particulate and fluid passage and cell wall digestion in wether lambs consuming
      either a 10% or 25% grain diet.
AB  - Effects of a fungal enzyme preparation on ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics
      and cell wall digestion were studied. Either 0, 22 or 25 g/d of enzyme
      preparation was offered to nine ruminally cannulated Rambouillet or Columbia
      wether lambs (avg wt 28.6 kg) in two randomized complete block experiments. An
      alfalfa hay-corn mixture at 2.1% of body weight (10% corn) was used in Exp. 1. In
      Exp. 2, 2.7% of body weight (25% corn; Exp. 2) was fed. Ruminal samples were
      collected at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h postfeeding on d 17 of each 22-d period to
      measure fluid dilution rate and fermentation characteristics. An intraruminal
      dose of Yb-labeled hay followed by fecal sampling on d 19 through 22 was used to
      estimate particulate passage and fecal output. Ruminal pH, NH3 concentrations,
      total volatile fatty acid and proportion of individual acids were not influenced
      (P greater than .10) by the addition of either level of enzyme preparation in
      either Exp. 1 or 2. Dry matter digestibility also showed no effect (P greater
      than .10) of enzyme preparation added to either diet. In Exp. 1, wethers
      receiving 35 g/d of the enzyme preparation had greater cell wall digestion
      (49.8%; P less than .05) than wethers receiving either 22 g/d or no enzyme
      preparation (45.7 and 42.9%, respectively). In Exp. 2, with a 25% corn diet, no
      influence (P greater than .10) of enzyme preparation was noted on cell wall
      digestibility. Particulate and ruminal fluid passage rate parameters remained
      unchanged (P greater than .10) by the addition of either level of enzyme
      preparation, regardless of the diet fed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378940
TI  - Effect of propionate level in a volatile fatty acid salt mixture fed to lambs on
      weight gain, body composition and plasma metabolites.
AB  - Chopped hay supplemented with a volatile fatty acid salt mixture at 20% of
      metabolizable energy (ME) was fed to 30 Suffolk X Corriedale lambs (mean wt 29.6
      kg) to determine the effects of dietary propionate on weight gain, body
      composition and plasma metabolites. Propionate accounted for 0, 25, 50, 75 or
      100% of the salt mixture energy, and acetate accounted for the remainder. Each
      diet was fed at two levels of daily intake (158.7 and 130.6 kcal ME/W.75). Lambs
      on the high level of intake lost more (P less than .05) energy in feces, lost
      less (P less than .05) energy in CH4 and had carcasses with more (P less than
      .10) water and fat than lambs on the low intake level. Percentage of propionate
      in the salt mixture had no effect on ME or body composition of lambs. Increasing
      the percentage of propionate in the salt mixture increased plasma propionate in
      blood samples taken at 1 and 2 h after feeding (linear, P less than .05). Empty
      body weight gain per megacalorie of ME above maintenance increased as the
      percentage of propionate in the salt mixture increased, but not until propionate
      reached 75% of the salt mixture (linear, P less than .05; cubic, P less than
      .05). These results show that propionate in the blood has a positive, but
      nonlinear, effect on weight gain, even when energy intake is held constant.

PMID- 3378939
TI  - Response to elemental sulfur by calves and sheep fed purified diets.
AB  - Free amino acid profiles in plasma and liver as well as body, organ and
      gastrointestinal growth were compared in 20 weanling bulls (four per treatment)
      fed diets deficient (.04%), excessive (.94 and 1.72%) or adequate (.34%) in S.
      Body, organ and gastrointestinal comparisons also were made with yearling rams
      fed .04 and .34% S diets. The .34% S diet was fed at two levels, one ad libitum,
      the other in amounts equal on a body weight.75 basis to that consumed by animals
      fed the .04% S diet ad libitum. Animals were allowed to consume other diets ad
      libitum. The calves fed the .04% S diet had negative S, but slightly positive N,
      balance and were unable to maintain body weight. As dietary S content was
      increased, plasma and liver methionine increased linearly. An increased histidine
      in plasma of calves fed the .04% S diet may be due to reduced intake because the
      calves restricted-fed the .34% S diet also had high plasma histidine. Plasma
      citrulline, cystine, serine and total nonessential amino acids decreased markedly
      as dietary S intake became adequate. Intermediate S diets resulted in reduced
      concentrations of plasma alanine, serine, proline and total nonessential amino
      acids. Calves restricted-fed the .34% S diet were the most efficient in retaining
      N with less urinary N. Excesses of S were not detrimental to growth, but plasma
      valine increased linearly as S intake increased. The S deficiency in calves
      reduced the ratio of the rumen-reticulum tissue to body weight, and in rams it
      reduced the ratio of gastrointestinal tissue and preintestinal tissue to body
      weight. Per kilogram of intestinal-free body weight, there was a linear decrease
      in liver and testes but an increase in adrenals as S was decreased for calves.
      The kidney, adrenals and pituitary were increased by S deficiency in rams. Of the
      amino acids assayed, only methionine from the plasma and liver in calves
      reflected both an excess and a deficiency of S independent of feed intake
      effects.

PMID- 3378942
TI  - Construction and operation of an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system for
      small ruminants.
AB  - An open-circuit indirect respiration calorimetry system for the collection of
      long-term metabolic heat production data for medium and small animals is
      described. The system is designed for use with small ruminants, but it has the
      capacity for measuring heat production in nonruminant species up to 150 kg. The
      system consists of an internal climatic control system, air flow control and
      volume measuring system, and gas analyzers for O2, CO2 and CH4. Carbon dioxide
      recovery checks of the four chambers produced recovery values ranging from 96.73
      to 100.89%. The actual mean fasting heat production measured for 12 wether sheep
      was 63.13 kcal/kg.75 +/- .83. The total estimated cost of four chambers and the
      associated instrumentation was less than $17,000 in 1984.

PMID- 3378941
TI  - Effects of lysocellin on performance, ruminal and plasma characteristics of
      growing cattle.
AB  - Twenty-four Hereford steers averaging 228 kg initially were used to evaluate four
      levels of lysocellin (0, 11, 22 and 33 mg/kg diet) when individually fed a corn
      silage-based diet. Gains were similar for all lysocellin levels over the 112-d
      study. As lysocellin level increased, there was a linear decrease in dry matter
      intake and an improvement in feed conversion (P less than .05). Feed to gain
      ratios were 6.27, 6.14, 5.67 and 5.59 for the 0, 11, 22 and 33 mg/kg of
      lysocellin treatments, respectively. Molar proportion of acetate was lower (P
      less than .05) and propionate was higher (P less than .05) for steers fed
      lysocellin than for controls at d 84. Ruminal fluid concentrations of soluble Cu
      and Zn were higher (P less than .05) in steers fed lysocellin at 28 and 84 d and
      increased as lysocellin level increased. Plasma Zn was lower (P less than .05) at
      both 28 and 84 d in steers fed lysocellin, whereas plasma Cu concentrations were
      similar for controls and for those fed lysocellin. Both ruminal fluid soluble P
      and plasma P concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in steers fed
      lysocellin than in controls at d 84. These results are interpreted to indicate
      that feed conversion of growing cattle is improved by lysocellin and that
      metabolism of certain minerals is affected by this ionophore.

PMID- 3378943
TI  - X-ray diffraction measurements of postmortem changes in the myofilament lattice
      of pork.
AB  - Postmortem changes in the lateral spacing between filaments of the longissimus
      muscle in pork were examined by small-angle x-ray diffraction. Samples that were
      fixed in glutaraldehyde as soon as they were collected showed a rapid decrease in
      filament spacing from 1 h to 3 h and then a further, slower decrease to 24 h.
      Samples that were examined immediately or were kept prior to examination in
      buffered Ringer's solutions at pH values similar to those expected in the carcass
      showed a rapid decrease in filament spacing from 1 h to 3 h and then little
      further change to 24 h. In contrast, samples taken at various times postmortem
      and stored in Ringer's solutions at pH 7.2 for several hours before examination
      showed little postmortem change in lattice spacing. Fixed samples showed similar
      changes to those of unfixed samples, but the lattice spacing always was less in
      fixed than in unfixed samples. These results support the classic theory that much
      of the water that may be lost by drip and evaporation from meat originates from
      the spaces between the filaments. The major factor that caused shrinkage of the
      filament lattice and loss of water from the fibrils was pH.

PMID- 3378944
TI  - Relationship between age of dam with calving ease and birth weight of Simmental
      calves.
AB  - Records from 123,656 Simmental calves (75% and 88% Simmental) were used to study
      the effect of age of dam on calving ease and birth weight. Calving ease was
      scored from 1 to 4 (1 = unassisted, 2 to 4 = various levels of assistance).
      Scores were recorded so that the percentage of assisted births could be
      calculated. Mean percentage of assisted births and birth weights for each age of
      dam in months, sex and Simmental percentage subclass were subjected to
      statistical analysis. Although sex and Simmental percentage occasionally
      interacted with age of dam for percentage of assisted births, in general, as age
      of dam increased the percentage of assisted births decreased in dams normally
      classified as 2-yr-olds (21 mo to 33 mo of age), whereas birth weight remained
      fairly constant. These results suggest that including age of dam in months in the
      mixed-model equations for sire evaluation for calving ease could improve the
      accuracy of these procedures.

PMID- 3378945
TI  - The use of estradiol benzoate to manage lambing period in ewes bred at
      synchronized estrus.
AB  - The induction and management of lambing was studied in a commercial flock of
      ewes. These ewes were bred at synchronized estrus and managed to lamb three times
      in 2 yr, with lambings occurring in the sequence of February, September and June.
      Ewes treated with 2 mg of estradiol benzoate in oil (i.m.) at approximately 17 d
      prior to term did not lamb in response to treatment. When 2 mg estradiol benzoate
      was given at 0800 on d 142 of gestation, lambing occurred an average of 37 +/- 5
      h later in ewes treated in June or September and at 70 +/- 10 h later in ewes
      treated in February. The comparable figures for oil-treated ewes (control) were
      70 +/- 5 h and 116 +/- 9 h, respectively. Altering the time of day of injection
      or using two injections 24 h apart did not alter the time for injection to
      lambing. Increasing the dose of estradiol benzoate to 15 mg decreased the time
      from injection to lambing (43 +/- 7 h, ewes treated in February) but also
      increased the incidence of dystocia (50% incidence). The incidence of dystocia
      averaged 8% for all other treatments and controls. Death loss of lambs to 1 wk of
      age was 12% and was not affected by treatment. The length of the lambing period
      was reduced from 9.0 +/- 3.3 d in control ewes to 3.6 +/- 1.1 d in induced ewes.
      A single injection of 2 mg estradiol benzoate given at 0800 on d 142 of gestation
      or a double treatment, with injections at 2000 on d 142 and 143, resulted in 53%
      of ewes lambing between 0800 and 1600 on each day of the lambing period, compared
      with 33% in control ewes.

PMID- 3378946
TI  - Use of birth fluids and cervical stimulation in lamb fostering.
AB  - Jackets soaked in birth fluids (BF) and cervical stimulation (CS) were used in a
      2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine their usefulness in
      fostering lambs. Subjects were 39, 3-d-old to 14-d-old lambs to be adopted by 39,
      2-d to 7-d postpartum ewes rearing their own single lambs. Birth fluids were
      collected by drying newborn lambs with cloth jackets. Jackets were frozen for
      storage and were later thawed and placed on experimental alien lambs. Cervical
      stimulation was applied by attempting to insert a hand into the cervix of the ewe
      for 5 min immediately before presentation of an alien lamb. Maternal behavior
      tests, in both the absence and presence of the ewe's own lamb, were conducted
      twice daily in a small pen for 2.5 d. On d 3 and 4, lambs were tested in a large
      pen with three to four other ewes and their lambs. Aggression toward the alien
      lamb was greater during the first exposure in all treatments. Avoidance and
      nosing behaviors toward aliens were significantly less, and alien lambs were able
      to suckle more, when the ewe's own lamb was also present. Lambs receiving BF
      suckled more and were accepted more often. Cervical stimulation, in the absence
      of BF, improved acceptance compared with controls. The proportion of ewes
      accepting alien lambs were 100, 80, 60 and 10% for BF, BF-CS, CS and control
      treatments, respectively. Alien lambs that were accepted had similar growth rates
      to weaning as the ewe's own lamb. We conclude that fostering is facilitated by
      use of jackets soaked in BF and by CS.

PMID- 3378947
TI  - Reduction of pig agonistic behavior by androstenone.
AB  - One hundred twenty-four prepuberal crossbred pigs were used in a series of
      behavioral bioassays to determine the minimum dose of androstenone (5 alpha
      androst-16-en-3-one) that would reduce the level of agonistic behavior among
      dyads of newly regrouped pigs. Randomly selected females and castrated males were
      used in 21-h videotaped observation periods. In Exp. 1, isopropyl alcohol was
      tested against no aerosol to determine if the vehicle (isopropyl alcohol)
      influenced agonistic behavior. Level of submissive and aggressive behaviors were
      similar (P greater than .10) between treatments. In Exp. 2, vehicle or
      androstenone in vehicle was sprayed on the snout and head of both pigs at the
      start of the encounter. Four bioassays were performed with four levels (.05, .5,
      5 and 50 micrograms/pig) of androstenone dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. Sprayed
      isopropyl alcohol served as a control. At concentrations of .5 and 5
      micrograms/pig, androstenone reduced aggressive behavior (P less than .05).
      Androstenone had no consistent effect on submissive behavior. In Exp. 3,
      androstenone was sprayed on pigs at the start of the encounter and again at 30,
      60 and 90 min after pairs of pigs were mixed. Repeated application of this
      androgen resulted in levels of agonistic behavior similar to those recorded when
      nothing was applied (P greater than .10). A single application of as little as .5
      micrograms androstenone per pig reduced aggressive behavior among prepuberal pigs
      and, therefore, may be a way of reducing fighting among newly regrouped
      prepuberal pigs.

PMID- 3378948
TI  - Management of lactating sows during heat stress: effects of water drip, snout
      coolers, floor type and a high energy-density diet.
AB  - Two experiments using 120 sows were conducted to determine the effects during
      heat stress of two floor types, snout coolers or a water drip system, and a high
      energy-density diet. During both studies, air temperature was maintained at or
      above 29 degrees C. Floor types included partially slotted concrete and plastic
      coated, expanded metal. In Exp. 1, in addition to floor-type treatments, snout
      coolers were on or off and the water drip was on for 3 min each 10 min or off.
      Snout coolers increased (P less than .05) sow feed intake and decreased (P less
      than .05) sow lactation weight loss. Water drip increased (P less than .002) sow
      feed intake and reduced lactation weight loss. The drip X floor-type interaction
      was significant for most measures of piglet performance. Drip was beneficial for
      piglet weights when piglets were on plastic, whereas drip was detrimental to
      piglet performance while they were housed on concrete. In Exp. 2, two floor
      types, drip or no-drip and a high energy-density diet or control diet were
      examined during heat stress. The high energy-density diet reduced (P less than
      .01) sow feed intake but provided no measurable increase in piglet performance
      during heat stress. We conclude that water drip is an effective cooling technique
      for heat-stressed sows, especially when floors are plastic. Snout coolers,
      partial concrete slots and high energy-density diets provided only minor benefits
      to heat-stressed sows and were not of benefit to piglets nursing heat-stressed
      sows.

PMID- 3378949
TI  - Excess crude protein for nongravid gilts.
AB  - Twenty-five nongravid crossbred gilts (avg initial wt, 126 kg) were placed on
      either a high (38%) or a low (13%) crude protein (CP) diet and fed either at the
      rate of 1.82 kg/d or had ad libitum access to feed. In addition, a fifth group
      was pair-fed the 13% CP diet to the average intake of the gilts fed high CP ad
      libitum. The experimental period lasted 30 d. Corn-soybean meal diets were used
      and CP levels were varied by altering the corn:soybean meal ratio. Gain and
      gain/feed were reduced (P less than .01) in gilts fed 1.82 kg/d compared with the
      gilts fed ad libitum or pair-fed gilts. Gain (P less than .03) and feed intake (P
      less than .01) of gilts with ad libitum access to the 13% CP diet were higher
      than those of gilts with ad libitum access to the 38% CP diet. Gain/feed was not
      different (P greater than .10) between the two groups, however. Rate of gain and
      feed efficiency of gilts pair-fed the 13% CP diet were similar (P greater than
      .10) to those of gilts with ad libitum access to the 38% CP diet. Plasma total
      free amino acids, NH3 and total protein were not (P greater than .10) affected by
      treatment. Plasma urea-N and urinary total N, urea-N and orotic acid were
      increased (P less than .01) in gilts fed the high CP diet regardless of feed
      intake level. However, urinary NH3 was higher (P less than .01) in gilts fed the
      low-protein diet. These results indicate that excess dietary CP for nongravid
      gilts decreases gain and feed intake and has no effect on efficiency of feed
      utilization, but it increases plasma urea-N and urinary total N, urea-N and
      orotic acid.

PMID- 3378950
TI  - Luteinizing hormone receptor number and affinity in corpora lutea from prepuberal
      gilts induced to ovulate and spontaneous corpora lutea of mature gilts.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if luteal cell receptors for luteinizing
      hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) contribute to the previously
      demonstrated abnormal function of induced corpora lutea (CL) in gilts. Twenty
      five prepuberal (P) gilts, induced to ovulate with 1,500 IU pregnant mare serum
      gonadotropin followed 72 h later with 500 IU hCG (d 0 = day of hCG), and 22
      mature (M) gilts that had displayed two or more estrous cycles were
      ovariectomized (OVX) on d 10, 14, 18, 22 or 26 after the onset of estrus. All
      gilts except those OVX on d 10 were hysterectomized between d 6 and 9 to ensure
      luteal maintenance. The CL were stored at -196 degrees C until determination of
      LH/hCG receptor number and dissociation constant (KD) by saturation analysis.
      Receptor number was greater for M than for P gilts on d 14 (P less than .07) and
      d 18 (P less than .01). The KD was greater in M than in P gilts on d 14 (P less
      than .01) and d 18 (P less than .0001). The LH/hCG receptor number and KD of P
      gilts remained the same throughout the days studied. The LH/hCG receptor number
      (fmol/mg protein) of M gilts was elevated on d 10, 14, and 18 (50.8, 50.4 and
      51.4, respectively) and decreased on d 22 (26.5) and d 26 (25.4) to values
      similar to those of P gilts. In M gilts, KD increased on d 14, remained high on d
      18 and decreased on d 22. We suggest that abnormal function of induced CL in P
      gilts may be due to an elevated LH receptor number.

PMID- 3378951
TI  - Study of follicular development and heredity of morphological types of ovaries in
      prepuberal gilts.
AB  - Two different morphological types of ovaries ("grape" and "other" types)
      previously described by microscopic examination were studied on 107 live gilts.
      The ovarian type and distribution of macroscopic follicles during the prepuberal
      period were determined at 140, 160 and 180 d of age by laparoscopic examination.
      The incidence of grape-type (GT) ovaries was higher (P less than .05) at 140 d of
      age (50.5%) than at 160 d (38.3%) or 180 d (35.5%). At maturity (d 19 of the
      first postweaning estrus), 37.7% of the ovaries were classified as GT. The
      proportion of gilts that maintained their initial type (at 140 d of age) at 160
      d, 180 d and at maturity was higher (P less than .05) for the gilts having the
      other-type (OT) ovaries (49% and 25% for OT and GT, respectively). The mean
      number of small follicles (1 to 3 mm in diameter) was higher (P less than .05)
      for the OT ovaries at 140 d (71.5 vs 18.0), at 160 d (79.3 vs 26.2) and at 180 d
      (77.0 vs 32.8). The number of follicles of 4 to 5 mm was higher (P less than .05)
      for GT ovaries at 140 d (16.4 vs 4.8), at 160 d (20.9 vs 4.8) and at 180 d of age
      (21.4 vs 5.7). The large follicles (greater than or equal to 6 mm) were more
      numerous for the GT at 140 d (7.0 vs .3), at 160 d (5.7 vs .5) and at 180 d (4.4
      vs .6). No statistical difference was observed at maturity in the distribution of
      follicles between the two types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378952
TI  - Relationship between two morphological types of ovaries and their follicular
      microscopic population before puberty and their ensuing follicular development
      and ovulation rates at puberty in gilts.
AB  - A population of ovarian follicles was studied in 32 gilts with two morphological
      types at four physiological stages. Left ovaries were serially sectioned (10
      microns), and follicles (greater than .19 mm) were counted and measured by
      histological technique. In Exp. 1, prepuberal gilts that maintained the grape
      type (GT) or other-type (OT) of ovaries at 140 and 160 d of age as determined by
      laparoscopy had their population of follicles studied at 165 d of age and
      compared with that on d 3 of the first puberal estrus in gilts that maintained
      the same ovarian type (GT or OT) at 140, 160 and 180 d of age. In Exp. 2, gilts
      that maintained the same ovarian types at 140, 160 and 180 d of age were compared
      at d 19 and 3 of the first and second puberal estrus, respectively. At 165 d of
      age, OT ovaries contained a greater number of classes 3 (.63 to 1.12 mm) and 4
      (1.13 to 2.00 mm) nonatretic (less than 4 pycnotic bodies) follicles than GT (P
      less than .01), whereas at d 3 of the first puberal estrus, their mean number
      became comparable between the two ovarian types (P greater than .1) and similar
      to 165-d GT ovaries. At 165 d of age, atretic follicles formed 19.6% and 10.7% of
      the population of antral follicles in OT and GT ovaries (P less than .05) whereas
      at puberty 17.5% and 19.6% atresia was observed in the same two groups,
      respectively (P greater than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378953
TI  - Co-culture of ovine ova with oviductal cells in medium 199.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to test the suitability of medium 199
      supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (M199FCS) as a medium for co-culture of
      one-cell sheep ova with sheep oviductal cells. In Exp. 1, ova were co-cultured
      for 5 d in 5 ml of M199FCS or in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 10% fetal
      calf serum (F10FCS). Co-culture did not increase the number of cleavages at the
      end of 5 d of culture, but M199FCS supported more cleavages than did F10FCS (P =
      .016). In Exp. 2, ova were cultured for 1 to 3 d in M199FCS alone or on
      oviductal, uterine or kidney cell monolayers from ewes 2 d postestrus and
      transferred to recipients from which they were recovered at 8 d postestrus. Co
      culture with oviductal cells improved (P less than .001) the cleavage index of
      recovered embryos compared with culture in medium alone or co-culture with other
      cell types. In Exp. 3, monolayers of oviductal cells from ewes 2 d postestrus and
      from luteal-phase ewes were cultured as in Exp. 2. No difference was observed
      between the two sources of oviductal cells for their ability to support in vitro
      development of one-cell sheep eggs for 1 or 2 d. These studies suggest that
      M199FCS may be a good medium to use in an oviductal cell co-culture system for
      one-cell sheep ova. Results further suggest that specific secretions of oviductal
      cells may be important for early embryo development in vivo.

PMID- 3378954
TI  - Effects of dietary energy level and protein source on site of digestion and
      duodenal nitrogen and amino acid flows in steers.
AB  - Six steers (468 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed diets formulated
      for two levels of energy containing three crude protein (CP) sources in a 6 X 6
      Latin square with a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Energy levels were
      2.17 and 2.71 Mcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg dry matter (DM) provided by hay
      corn (H) and corn silage-corn (CS) diets, respectively. Soybean mean (SBM), corn
      gluten meal-urea (CGM) and urea (U) provided 33% of dietary CP in 12% CP diets.
      Apparent organic matter (OM) digested in the stomach was not affected (P greater
      than .05) by energy level or CP source, but OM truly digested in the stomach was
      greater (P less than .05) when steers were fed the CS compared with the H diet.
      Duodenal flow of non-NH3 N was greater (P less than .05) when steers were fed CS
      compared with H and when fed SBM or CGM compared with U. Efficiency of bacterial
      protein synthesis and duodenal bacterial N flow were increased (P less than .05)
      when steers were fed CS, but non-NH3, nonbacterial N flow to the duodenum was
      increased (P less than .05) when steers were fed H. When steers were fed CS
      rather than H, flows (g/d) of bacterial amino acids were greater (P less than
      .05), but flows of nonbacterial amino acids tended (P less than .08) to be less.
      Total amino acid flows were not affected (P greater than .05) by energy level.
      Duodenal flows of total amino acids tended (P less than .06) to be greater when
      steers were fed CGM compared with SBM or U, due mainly to an increased (P less
      than .05) flow of nonessential amino acids.

PMID- 3378955
TI  - Digesta flows in sheep fed poor-quality hay supplemented with urea and
      carbohydrates.
AB  - Two metabolism trials were conducted with 12 yearling crossbred wethers per trial
      (34 and 38 kg for trials 1 and 2, respectively). The wethers, equipped with
      ruminal, abomasal and ileal cannulae, were randomly allotted for each trial to
      the following treatments: 1) hay alone or hay supplemented with 2) .9% urea, 3)
      1% urea and 6.5% molasses or 4) 1% urea and 5.2% corn. Two digestive flow markers
      were used: Cr2O3 powder and Co-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Co-EDTA). Urea
      and Co-EDTA were infused continuously into the rumen via cannula. Daily dry
      matter (DM) intake averaged 517 g. Urea supplementation improved N retention (P
      less than .01). Apparent digestibility of DM, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and
      energy was not affected by treatment. Urea and carbohydrate supplementation
      increased ruminal propionic acid molar proportions (P less than .05). Apparent
      ruminal DM digestion accounted for 41% of the total DM degraded, whereas 77.4% of
      the digestible ADF was degraded in the rumen. Urea supplementation increased ADF
      digestion in the large intestine (P less than .01). Urea and carbohydrate
      supplementation resulted in a stepwise increase in N flowing with the liquid
      phase at the abomasum. Mean retention times of the solid and liquid phases of
      digestive contents were similar across treatments. Overall, benefits of
      supplementation of poor-quality fescue hay diets by small amounts of urea and
      readily available carbohydrates remain questionable for sheep fed at a fixed
      level of intake below maintenance.

PMID- 3378956
TI  - Large particle breakdown by cattle eating ryegrass and alfalfa.
AB  - The proportion of large particles (LP) broken down to small, insoluble particles
      by primary mastication (eating), rumination, digestion and detrition (rubbing)
      was determined for separated leaf and stem fractions of perennial ryegrass
      (Lolium perenne) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) fed to cattle cannulated at the
      esophagus. Large particles were defined as those particles retained during wet
      sieving on a screen with an aperture of 1.18 mm. Reduction in weight of particles
      caused by solubilizing or digestion was not considered to be particle breakdown
      per se, and particles were corrected for this loss in weight. The proportion of
      LP in the forage broken down by primary mastication was 25 +/- 1.9% (means +/-
      SE). Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total
      particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed
      remasticated material. The weight of LP regurgitated was corrected for the dry
      matter lost by digestion using lignin ratio in the LP entering the rumen and of
      the regurgitated digesta. Rumination accounted for 50 +/- 1.5% of LP breakdown.
      Fecal loss accounted for 8 +/- .8% of the LP in forage. Breakdown of LP by
      digestion and detrition was calculated as 17 +/- 1.3% from the difference between
      the LP eaten and those broken down by primary mastication, rumination and passing
      out in the feces. The significance of these results for predicting voluntary
      intake from laboratory analysis is considered.

PMID- 3378957
TI  - European collaborative study of reproducibility of quantitative sensitivity
      testing of anaerobes.
AB  - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefbuperazone,
      latamoxef, metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol were determined for 15
      different anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., anaerobic cocci and
      Clostridium spp., in 18 European laboratories, who used their own methodology.
      The degree of intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was surprisingly good-
      87% of results fell on the modal MIC or were within one dilution of it and only
      4.4% of the results differed by three or more dilutions. Results for clindamycin
      were the least reproducible, as were those for clostridia. Of the organisms that
      we tested Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, NCTC 9343 emerged as the most suitable
      for use in quality control, and Peptococcus variabilis ATCC 14956 the most
      appropriate if a control for more slowly-growing species is required.

PMID- 3378958
TI  - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of FCE 22101 following intravenous
      and oral administration.
AB  - One gram each of FCE 22101 and its acetoxymethyl ester (FCE 22891) were
      administered sequentially to six healthy volunteers. After intravenous
      administration Cmax was 167 mg/l, and the elimination half-life 0.8 h. Following
      oral administration Cmax was 6.9 mg/l and the elimination half-life 0.6 h.
      Penetration into inflammatory fluid was rapid, and the percentage penetration
      86.1 and 60.9% following oral and intravenous dosing respectively. Urine recovery
      was greater after intravenous administration (31%) than after oral (11%).

PMID- 3378959
TI  - Comparative efficacies of imipenem-cilastatin and vancomycin in experimental
      aortic valve endocarditis due to methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Activities of imipenem and vancomycin against methicillin resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were compared in vitro and in a rabbit model of
      aortic valve endocarditis. Against 25 MRSA clinical isolates, imipenem was
      bacteriostatic (MIC90/MBC90, mg/l 8/32) in vitro while vancomycin was
      bactericidal (MIC90/MBC90, mg/l 2/4). Rabbit endocarditis was produced with a
      MRSA isolate against which both drugs were bactericidal. Imipenem-cilastatin had
      better efficacy than vancomycin by the following criteria, the number of
      survivors (9/13 vs 7/13), clearance of bacteraemia (9/9 vs 3/7; P = 0.019),
      sterility of cardiac vegetations (9/9 vs 1/7; P = 0.001) and sterility of distant
      organs (8/9 vs 2/7; P = 0.035). Thus, imipenem-cilastatin may be a potentially
      useful alternative agent to vancomycin in the therapy of MRSA endocarditis in the
      occasional situations when the drug demonstrates in-vitro bactericidal activity
      against the pathogen. Efficacy against MRSA strains with higher MBCs remains to
      be proved.

PMID- 3378960
TI  - Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of infection in an elderly
      population.
AB  - Eighty-seven episodes of infection occurring in 83 patients were treated with
      imipenem as the sole antibiotic (1.5-4 g daily). All patients were aged 65 years
      or over, many with other non-infective diseases. A favourable clinical outcome
      (infection cured or improved) was obtained in 88% of cases. Of the 37 patients
      who were microbiologically evaluable, a favourable clinical outcome occurred in
      92% and a favourable bacteriological outcome (pathogen eradicated or suppressed)
      occurred in 86% of cases. There were 13 deaths amongst the study group, which
      might be expected in an ill elderly population. None of the deaths was thought
      attributable to imipenem. Minor clinical side effects occurred in 10.6%, and one
      patient sustained a cerebral ischaemic episode and fits, possibly related to
      imipenem. No serious changes were detected in laboratory parameters.

PMID- 3378961
TI  - Activity of metronidazole against Enterobacteriaceae in mixed culture.

PMID- 3378962
TI  - Synergy and antagonism are not synonymous with therapeutic advantage and
      disadvantage.

PMID- 3378963
TI  - Chloramphenicol resistance in clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica
      serotype 0:3 biotype 4.

PMID- 3378964
TI  - Activity of antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus epidermidis in
      established biofilms on latex catheter material and on titanium.

PMID- 3378965
TI  - Prevention of abnormal pulmonary mechanics in the postmortem guinea pig lung.
AB  - Severe postmortem bronchoconstriction has been shown previously in guinea pig
      lungs and linked to pulmonary blood loss during exsanguination (Lai et al., J.
      Appl. Physiol. 56: 308-314, 1984). To reexamine this phenomenon we measured
      postmortem airway function in anesthetized open-chest guinea pigs after sudden
      circulatory arrest. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 and ventilated for
      15 min postmortem with different gases: 1) room air, 2) conditioned air, 3) dry
      5% CO2-21% O2-74% N2, and 4) conditioned 5% CO2-21% O2-74% N2. In room air
      ventilated lungs there was a 50% decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) by 15 min
      and marked gas trapping compared with control lungs. Conditioning the room air
      did not attenuate these changes, but when 5% CO2 was added to the conditioned
      postmortem inspirate, gas trapping was eliminated and the fall in Cdyn was almost
      abolished. Ventilation with a dry 5% CO2 gas mixture at room temperature resulted
      in a 31% fall in Cdyn at 15 min but no gas trapping. We conclude that marked
      abnormalities of airway function occur postmortem in room air-ventilated guinea
      pig lungs in the absence of pulmonary blood loss. The changes are mainly due to
      airway hypocarbia, a known cause of bronchoconstriction, but a reduction in Cdyn
      can also occur if there is marked airway cooling and drying. Acute postmortem
      airway dysfunction can be prevented in the guinea pig by maintaining normal
      airway gas composition.

PMID- 3378966
TI  - Effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on lymphatic elimination of hyaluronan
      from sheep lung.
AB  - The effects of increased hydrostatic pressure on the concentrations of hyaluronan
      (hyaluronic acid) in lung lymph and serum were investigated in awake sheep with a
      cannula in the efferent vessel from the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Lung lymph
      was sampled at base line [left atrial pressure (LAP) 6.5 +/- 1.7 mmHg] and after
      two increases of LAP to 25.7 +/- 2.2 mmHg (level 1) and 37.0 +/- 5.1 mmHg (level
      2). The lung lymph flow increased from 1.9 +/- 0.5 at base line to 9.3 +/- 2.2
      and 15.9 +/- 0.7 ml/30 min, and the lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio of total
      protein decreased from 0.63 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 +/- 0.04 and 0.32 +/- 0.05 at the
      two elevated levels of LAP, respectively. The hyaluronan concentration in lung
      lymph was unchanged, and there was a flow-dependent elimination of hyaluronan
      from the lung that increased from 23 +/- 8 to 87 +/- 19 and 137 +/- 37
      micrograms/30 min, respectively. The lung concentration of hyaluronan was 167 +/-
      28 micrograms/g fresh lung, and at base line it was calculated that slightly less
      than 2% of the lung hyaluronan was eliminated by the lymphatic route in 24 h. If
      extrapolated to 24 h, the elimination rate of hyaluronan seen during elevated LAP
      would result in lymphatic elimination of 18% of the lung hyaluronan over this
      time period. Since hyaluronan is responsible for part of the protein exclusion in
      the extracellular matrix, it is plausible that washout of interstitial hyaluronan
      contributes to the decrease in albumin exclusion from the interstitium that
      occurs after an elevation of LAP.

PMID- 3378967
TI  - Lipid peroxidation and scavenger enzymes during exercise: adaptive response to
      training.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether endurance training would influence
      the production of lipid peroxidation (LI-POX) by-products as indicated by
      malondialdehyde (MDA) at rest and after an acute exercise run. Additionally, the
      scavenger enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were examined to
      determine whether changes in LIPOX are associated with alterations in enzyme
      activity both at rest and after exercise. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 32) were
      randomly assigned to either trained or sedentary groups and were killed either at
      rest or after 20 min of treadmill running. The training program increased
      oxidative capacity 64% in leg muscle. After exercise, the sedentary group
      demonstrated increased LIPOX levels in liver and white skeletal muscle, whereas
      the endurance-trained group did not show increases in LIPOX after exercise. CAT
      activity was higher in both red and white muscle after exercise in the trained
      animals. Total SOD activity was unaffected by either acute or chronic exercise.
      These data suggest that endurance training can result in a reduction in LIPOX
      levels as indicated by MDA during moderate-intensity exercise. It is possible
      that activation of the enzyme catalase and the increase in respiratory capacity
      were contributory factors responsible for regulating LIPOX after training during
      exercise.

PMID- 3378968
TI  - Influences from laryngeal afferents on expiratory bulbospinal neurons and
      motoneurons.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to analyze the reflex effects of laryngeal afferent
      activation on respiratory patterns in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed,
      ventilated cats. We recorded simultaneously from the phrenic nerve, T10 internal
      intercostal nerve, and single bulbospinal expiratory neurons of the caudal
      ventral respiratory group (VRG). Laryngeal afferents were activated by electrical
      stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) or by cold-water infusion into
      the larynx. Both types of stimuli caused inhibition of phrenic activity and
      facilitation of internal intercostal nerve activity, indicating expiratory
      effort. The activity of 46 bulbospinal expiratory cells was depressed during SLN
      electrical stimulation, and 13 of them were completely inhibited. In 44 of 56
      neurons tested, mean firing frequency (FFmean) was decreased in response to cold
      water infusion and 8 others responded with increased FFmean; in the remaining 4
      neurons, FFmean was unchanged. Possible reasons for different neuronal responses
      to SLN electrical stimulation and water infusion are discussed. We conclude that
      bulbospinal expiratory neurons of VRG were not the source of the reflex
      motoneuronal expiratory-like activity produced by SLN stimulation. Other, not yet
      identified inputs to spinal expiratory motoneurons are activated during this
      experimental condition.

PMID- 3378969
TI  - Effects of upper airway anesthesia on pharyngeal patency during sleep.
AB  - Pharyngeal patency depends, in part, on the tone and inspiratory activation of
      pharyngeal dilator muscles. To evaluate the influence of upper airway sensory
      feedback on pharyngeal muscle tone and thus pharyngeal patency, we measured
      pharyngeal airflow resistance and breathing pattern in 15 normal, supine subjects
      before and after topical lidocaine anesthesia of the pharynx and glottis. Studies
      were conducted during sleep and during quiet, relaxed wakefulness before sleep
      onset. Maximal flow-volume loops were also measured before and after anesthesia.
      During sleep, pharyngeal resistance at peak inspiratory flow increased by 63%
      after topical anesthesia (P less than 0.01). Resistance during expiration
      increased by 40% (P less than 0.01). Similar changes were observed during quiet
      wakefulness. However, upper airway anesthesia did not affect breathing pattern
      during sleep and did not alter awake flow-volume loops. These results indicate
      that pharyngeal patency during sleep is compromised when the upper airway is
      anesthetized and suggest that upper airway reflexes, which promote pharyngeal
      patency, exist in humans.

PMID- 3378970
TI  - Low plasma concentrations of ionized calcium in patients with asthma.
AB  - It has been suggested that calcium homeostasis is abnormal in the vascular smooth
      muscle of hypertensive patients and in the bronchial smooth muscle in asthmatics.
      We have found the mean baseline concentration of plasma ionized calcium to be
      significantly lower both in 12 asthmatics with exercise-induced asthma (EIA)
      [1.16 +/- 0.01 (SE) mmol/l, P less than 0.001] and in 20 asthmatics without EIA
      (1.16 +/- 0.01; P less than 0.001) compared with 42 healthy subjects (1.24 +/-
      0.01). The mean concentrations of plasma ionized calcium were not significantly
      different in asthmatics with and without EIA when measured either before
      treadmill exercise, during the last seconds of this exercise, or 10 or 20 min
      after exercise but were significantly lower than in another seven healthy
      subjects who undertook the same exercise protocol. Total plasma calcium
      concentrations in the three exercising groups were not significantly different at
      any point in time. The results suggest that in bronchial asthma an alteration of
      calcium metabolism may be important, but they also suggest that there is no
      simple relationship between the plasma ionized calcium concentration and acute
      exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 3378971
TI  - A finite-element model of tracheal collapse.
AB  - The trachea has been approximated by an appropriate finite-element model. The
      three-dimensional equilibrium problems set by the tracheal deformation under
      various stresses have been solved using a convenient augmented Lagrangian
      functional. The dimensions were obtained from human tracheae. Mechanical
      constants for the anatomic components were calculated from the stress-strain
      relationships. The compressive narrowing is essentially due to the invagination
      of the posterior membrane in the tracheal lumen for transmural pressures down to 
      7 kPa. A surface of contact between the membranous wall and the lateral walls
      appears when the transmural pressure equals -6 kPa. The transmural pressure-area
      relationship is sigmoidal with a compliance equal to 0.08 kPa-1 for a transmural
      pressure of -2 kPa. The tracheal collapse is greater when the material constants
      of the membranous wall decrease or when the tracheal segment is subjected to a
      longitudinal tension. A slight flexion of the trachea induces an asymmetric
      deformation.

PMID- 3378972
TI  - Genetic differences in response to pulmonary cytochrome P-450 inducers and oxygen
      toxicity.
AB  - The effects of cytochrome P-450 inducers on O2 toxicity were studied in mice. We
      first examined three cytochrome P-450 inducers, which differ by their specific
      tissue affinity: phenobarbital sodium (PB), essentially active in the liver, and
      3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), which are also active
      in the lung. Both BNF and 3-MC increased the survival rate and significantly
      decreased pulmonary edema (pulmonary water and wet-to-dry weight ratio) in
      C57BL/6J mice exposed to hyperoxia (O2 greater than or equal to 95%), whereas PB
      had no protective effect. In the second part of this study, we compared the
      action of BNF in two strains of mice. In one (C57BL/6J), cytochrome P-450 can be
      induced by aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas in the other (DBA/2J) cytochrome P-450
      is not inducible by these compounds. Protection against O2 toxicity was assessed
      in terms of lethality and pulmonary edema and of lung lipid peroxidation
      (assessed by measuring malondialdehyde). BNF only protected against O2 toxicity
      in the inducible strain. This protective effect of BNF on O2 toxicity in C57BL/6J
      mice was associated mainly with a large increase in the components of the
      cytochrome P-450 system (cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5) in the lung. The
      activity of pulmonary superoxide dismutase was also slightly increased, but the
      enhancement was not statistically significant. In contrast, in DBA/2J mice
      neither the components of the cytochrome P-450 system nor the activity of
      superoxide dismutase showed any increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378973
TI  - Anaerobic metabolism during pubertal development at high altitude.
AB  - In a previous study we showed that there were no differences in anaerobic
      metabolism between groups of 11-yr-old children living at high (3,700 m) and low
      (330 m) altitudes. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in this
      metabolism during pubertal development. We compare blood lactate concentration
      ([L]) after maximal bicycle exercise in 20 boys acclimatized to high altitude
      (HA, 12 yr old) and at low altitude in 14 boys (LA1, 12 yr old) and in 13 boys
      (LA2, 14 yr old). The subjects had the same level of physical fitness and the
      same nutritional and socioeconomic status. Pubertal development was identified by
      salivary testosterone concentration ([T]). Results (means +/- SE) showed 1) at
      the age of 12 years, [L] and [T] in HA were significantly higher than in LA1 ([L]
      was 9.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, [T] was 233 +/- 66 vs. 132 +/- 30
      pmol/l), 2) [L] and [T] in HA were statistically the same as in LA2, and 3) a
      linear relationship between [L] and [T] was significant (P less than 0.05) in all
      HA and LA subjects. This suggests that the higher [L] in 12-yr-old boys living at
      HA could result in an enhanced anaerobic metabolism linked to an earlier gonadal
      maturation evaluated by testosterone level.

PMID- 3378974
TI  - Site of airway obstruction: effects on the acoustic impedance of excised pig
      lungs.
AB  - We investigated the relationship between the site of airway obstruction and the
      frequency dependence (FD) of lung acoustic impedance (ZL). The real (RL) and
      imaginary (XL) parts of ZL were measured by forced random noise in excised left
      pig lungs, before (base line) and after 1) no airway obstruction (controls, n =
      10), 2) insufflation of 1-mm (B1, n = 5) or 2-mm (B2, n = 7) beads, and 3)
      partial reversible obstruction of lower lobar (LL) and then main-stem (MS)
      bronchus (n = 4). The beads caused both partial and total obstruction of airways
      with internal diameters of 2 mm (B1) and 2-6 mm (B2). Compared with base line, a
      negative FD of RL appeared from 4 to 10 Hz in LL, B1, and B2 obstructions. The FD
      of XL greater than 20 Hz increased in MS and LL obstruction exclusively and was
      the ZL feature that most clearly differentiated central from peripheral
      obstruction. In this experimental model, the anatomic limit distal from which
      obstruction no longer causes the "central" type of ZL change lies in airways with
      internal diameters notably greater than 2 mm.

PMID- 3378975
TI  - Pressure-time product, work rate, and endurance during resistive breathing in
      humans.
AB  - We examined the effect of increasing work rate, without a corresponding increase
      in the pressure-time product, on energy cost and inspiratory muscle endurance
      (Tlim) in five normal subjects during inspiratory resistive breathing. Tidal
      volume, mean inspiratory mouth pressure, duty cycle, and hence the pressure-time
      product were kept constant, whereas work rate was varied by changing the
      frequency of breathing. There was a linear decrease in Tlim of -2.1 +/- 0.5 s.J
      1.min-1 (r = 0.87 +/- 0.06) with increasing work rate. The data satisfied a model
      of energy balance during fatiguing runs (Monod and Scherrer. Ergonomics 8: 329
      337, 1965) and were consistent with the hypothesis that the rate of energy
      supply, or respiratory muscle blood flow, is fixed when the pressure-time product
      is constant. Our results indicate that during inspiratory resistive breathing
      against fatiguing loads, work rate determines endurance independently of the
      pressure-time product. On the basis of the model, our results lead to estimates
      of respiratory muscle blood flow and available energy stores under the conditions
      of our experiment.

PMID- 3378976
TI  - Respiratory neural activities after caudal-to-rostral ablation of medullary
      regions.
AB  - The purpose is to assess the importance of medullary mechanisms for the
      neurogenesis of eupnea. Cats that were used were decerebrate, cerebellectomized,
      vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated. Activities of the phrenic, facial, and
      mylohyoid nerves were monitored. Progressive caudal-to-rostral transections of
      the spinal cord and medulla were performed. Phrenic activity was eliminated by C1
      spinal transections. Only modest changes in facial and mylohyoid activities
      resulted from transections as far rostral as the level of the dorsal respiratory
      nucleus. Rhythmic discharges ceased on transections at the pontomedullary
      junction. However, rhythmic mylohyoid discharges were maintained if protriptyline
      and strychnine were administered before and during the transection. In other
      studies rhythmic phrenic, facial, and mylohyoid discharges continued, albeit with
      an altered rhythm, after destruction of neurons in the dorsal respiratory nucleus
      by kainic acid. We conclude that caudal medullary mechanisms do not play an
      essential role in the neurogenesis of breathing movements. Rather, structures in
      rostral medulla and pons appear necessary for sustaining eupneic neural
      activities. The concept of multiple brain stem sites for ventilatory neurogenesis
      is discussed.

PMID- 3378977
TI  - Upper airway chemoreflex responses to saline and water in preterm infants.
AB  - Laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) responses elicited by fluid irrigation of the larynx
      have been described repeatedly in animals, whereas evidence for a similar reflex
      in human infants is extremely limited. Using nasopharyngeal catheters to instill
      small volumes of warm saline or water into the pharynx, we examined the incidence
      and characteristics of such a reflex in nine premature infants. Saline and water
      elicited the same pattern of responses, which frequently included swallows,
      central apnea, and airway obstruction and less commonly featured coughs,
      prolonged apnea, and arousal. With the exception of arousal, the incidence of
      these responses was significantly greater after delivery of water stimuli than
      after saline bolus administration. We therefore deduce chemoreceptor involvement
      in generation of these reflex responses and propose a laryngeal site for this
      sensory system, as in animals. Since greater potency of water compared with
      saline was demonstrable in all the infants studied, we further conclude that most
      preterm infants possess an upper airway chemoreflex.

PMID- 3378978
TI  - Motor drive and metabolic responses during repeated submaximal contractions in
      humans.
AB  - Contractile failure during various types of exercise has been attributed to
      intramuscular metabolic changes. We examined the temporal changes in force
      generating capacity and metabolic state during intermittent isometric
      contractions in humans. One-legged quadriceps contractions at 30% maximum
      voluntary contraction (MVC) were executed for 6 s, with 4 s of rest between. The
      decrease in force-generating capacity was tested from brief MVC's and short
      bursts of 50-Hz stimulation applied at 5-min intervals. After 1 min of exercise,
      the MVC force declined linearly and in parallel to the 50-Hz stimulation force,
      indicating that the contractile failure was due to intramuscular processes. After
      30 min of exercise the MVC force had declined by approximately 40% compared with
      the value obtained after 1 min. In separate experiments the same contraction
      protocol was followed, but two-legged contractions were used. Muscle biopsies
      taken after 5, 15, and 30 min of exercise showed only minor changes in the
      concentrations of glycogen, lactate, creatine phosphate (CrP), and ATP. However,
      at exhaustion, defined as loss of ability to sustain the target force, the
      concentrations of CrP and glycogen were reduced by 73 and 32%, and muscle lactate
      concentration had increased to 4.8 mmol/kg wet wt. Thus the gradual decline in
      force-generating capacity was not due to lactacidosis or lack of substrates for
      ATP resynthesis and must have resulted from excitation/contraction coupling
      failure, whereas exhaustion was closely related to phosphagen depletion, without
      significant lactacidosis.

PMID- 3378980
TI  - Ventilatory response to sustained hypoxia after pretreatment with aminophylline.
AB  - During sustained hypoxia the decline in ventilation that occurs in normal adult
      humans may be related to central accumulation of a neurochemical with net
      inhibitory effect. Recent investigations have shown that the putative
      neurotransmitter adenosine can effect a prolonged respiratory inhibition.
      Therefore we evaluated the possible role of adenosine in the hypoxia ventilatory
      decline by employing aminophylline as an adenosine blocker. We evaluated the
      ventilatory response to 25 min of sustained hypoxia (80% arterial O2 saturation),
      in eight young adults after pretreatment with either intravenous saline or
      aminophylline. With a mean serum aminophylline level of 15.7 mg/l, over 25 min of
      sustained hypoxia, peak hypoxic ventilation decreased by only 12.8% compared with
      24.8% with saline, a significant difference. However, the ventilatory decline
      during sustained hypoxia was not abolished by the aminophylline pretreatment.
      Unlike the usual tidal volume-dependent attenuation of hypoxic ventilation
      exhibited after saline, after aminophylline the ventilatory decline was achieved
      predominantly through alterations in respiratory timing. Thus aminophylline
      pretreatment did alleviate the hypoxic ventilatory decline, although the
      associated alterations in breathing pattern were uncharacteristic. We conclude
      that adenosine may play a contributing role in the hypoxic ventilatory decline.

PMID- 3378979
TI  - Epinephrine infusion enhances muscle glycogenolysis during prolonged electrical
      stimulation.
AB  - To determine the effects of epinephrine (EPI) infusion on muscle glycogenolysis
      and force production, the quadriceps muscles of both legs in six subjects were
      intermittently stimulated for 30 min. Contractions lasted 1.6 s (20 Hz) and were
      separated by 1.6 s of rest. EPI was infused (approximately 0.14 micrograms.kg
      body wt-1.min-1) in one leg during the last 15 min and the vastus lateralis was
      biopsied at rest (control leg only) and after 15, 18 (EPI leg only), and 30 min
      of stimulation. EPI infusion doubled the mole fraction of phosphorylase a (22.5
      +/- 4.1 to 44.8 +/- 9.0%) and glycogenolysis (2.16 +/- 0.72 to 5.45 +/- 0.81 mmol
      glucosyl U.kg dry muscle wt-1.min-1) during stimulation. Muscle glucose 6
      phosphate increased from 3.04 +/- 0.17 to 6.43 +/- 0.20 mmol/kg dry muscle wt,
      and lactate increased from 25.8 +/- 4.4 to 34.3 +/- 4.6 mmol/kg after 3 min of
      EPI infusion. Isometric force production was unaltered by EPI infusion. These
      results demonstrate a strong glycogenolytic effect of EPI infusion during
      prolonged electrical stimulation and suggest that the extra pyruvate formed was
      converted mainly to lactate. Exclusive anaerobic metabolism of the extra
      substrate would provide only a 10% increase in total ATP production, possibly
      accounting for the lack of improvement in force production. We suggest that the
      decrease in force production during prolonged electrical stimulation is related
      to decreased excitation of the contractile mechanism rather than inhibition of
      cross-bridge turnover caused by a shortage of energy or accumulation of
      hyproducts.

PMID- 3378981
TI  - Linkage between brain blood flow and respiratory drive during rapid-eye-movement
      sleep.
AB  - The correlation between brain blood flow (BBF) and respiratory neuromotor output,
      as reflected by diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG) activity (EMGdi), was studied
      during wakefulness, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM sleep (NREM).
      Compared with the awake state, mean BBF increased by 4.7% during NREM and by
      32.6% during REM (P less than 0.001). Also, surges of BBF during REM occurred
      during periods of intense phasic activity. EMGdi [peak and peak/inspiratory time
      (TI)] was highly variable within REM periods but fluctuated as a reciprocal
      function of simultaneously measured BBf (r = -0.49, P less than 0.001).
      Furthermore, mean EMGdipeak decreased from NREM to REM in a manner reciprocally
      related to the corresponding change in BBF (r = -0.77, P = 0.015). These findings
      suggest that a component of the reduction of respiratory neuromotor output during
      REM is attributable to increased BBF with consequent relative hypocapnia in the
      central chemoreceptor environment.

PMID- 3378982
TI  - Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work.
AB  - Maximal exercise has been performed by eight men and eight women, using four
      types of ergometer (2-leg, 1-leg, arm + shoulder, and arm) while breathing room
      air and while breathing 12% O2. Results have been related to anthropometric
      estimates of muscle mass in the active limbs. Although significant sex
      differences of O2 transfer and power output are shown, the sex-specific aerobic
      performance was roughly proportional to active muscle volume (both when comparing
      individuals on a given type of ergometer and when comparing average scores of the
      several types of ergometer). However, the relationship was closer for steady
      power output than for peak O2 intake (where the scores for arm work were boosted
      by the use of accessory muscles and by hyperventilation). When breathing 12% O2,
      the 2-leg performance was substantially reduced (an average of 28.7% for O2
      transport and 19.2% for power output). This effect dropped to 9.1% for O2
      transport and 12% for power output in one-leg ergometry and was negligible for
      arm or arm plus shoulder work. It is argued that because of difficulty in
      perfusing small muscles, arm work is limited largely by the intrinsic power of
      the active muscles, that single-leg ergometry is limited rather equally by
      central circulatory and muscular factors, and that two-leg ergometry is almost
      entirely dependent on the central circulatory transport of O2.

PMID- 3378983
TI  - Linear relationship between VO2max and VO2max decrement during exposure to acute
      hypoxia.
AB  - The purpose of these experiments is to test the hypothesis that exercise-induced
      hypoxemia at sea level in highly trained athletes might be exacerbated during
      acute hypoxia and therefore result in correspondingly larger decrements in
      maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) compared with less trained individuals. Thirteen
      healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups according to their level of
      fitness: 1) trained endurance athletes (T) (n = 7), with a VO2max range of 56-75
      ml.kg-1.min-1 and 2) untrained individuals (UT) (n = 6), with a VO2max range of
      33-49 ml.kg-1.min-1. Subjects performed two incremental cycle ergometry tests to
      determine VO2max under hypoxic conditions [14% O2-86% N2, barometric pressure
      (PB) = 760 Torr] and normoxic conditions (21% O2-79% N2, PB = 760 Torr). Tests
      were single blind, randomly administered, and separated by at least 72 h. Mean
      percent oxyhemoglobin saturation (%SaO2) during maximal exercise under hypoxic
      conditions was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the T group (77%)
      compared with the UT group (86%). Furthermore, the T group exhibited larger
      decrements (P less than 0.05) in VO2max (normoxic-hypoxic) compared with the UT
      group. Finally, a significant linear correlation (r = 0.94) existed between
      normoxic VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1) and delta VO2max (normoxic-hypoxic). These data
      suggest that highly T endurance athletes suffer more severe gas exchange
      impairments during acute exposure to hypoxia than UT individuals, and this may
      explain a portion of the observed variance in delta VO2max among individuals
      during acute altitude or hypoxia exposure.

PMID- 3378984
TI  - Myoelectrical and mechanical changes linked to length specificity during
      isometric training.
AB  - Mechanical and neural activation changes that accompanied muscle isometric
      training were studied in males. Training and testing sessions consisted of right
      elbow isometric flexions. Each experimental group was trained during 5 wk at one
      of the following angles: 25, 80, and 120 degrees. Bipolar surface electromyogram
      (EMG) was recorded from the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles. An
      improvement of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was always found at the
      training angle and was systematically greater than at the other angles. Moreover,
      the shorter the muscle length at which the training has been carried out, the
      more the gain was limited to the training angle. An increase of the maximal
      integrated EMG of both biceps brachii and brachioradialis frequently accompanied
      the improvement of MVC at the training angle.

PMID- 3378985
TI  - Transient analysis of cardiopulmonary interactions. I. Diastolic events.
AB  - The etiology of the fall in left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) with negative
      intrathoracic pressure (NITP) during inspiration has been ascribed to a reduction
      in LV preload. This study evaluated the effects of NITP with and without airway
      obstruction confined to early (ED), mid- (MD), or late diastole (LD) on the
      subsequent LVSV, anteroposterior (AP), and right-to-left (RL) aortic diameters
      (DAO) (series I, n = 6) as well as on phasic arterial blood flow out of the
      thorax (series II, n = 6) in anesthetized dogs. Transient NITP was obtained by
      electrocardiogram-triggered phrenic nerve stimulation. In series I, NITP applied
      for 60% of diastole with the airway obstructed caused decreases of LVSV during ED
      [-7.7 +/- 3.2% (SE) NS], MD (-11.7 +/- 3.9%, P less than 0.05), and LD (-14.6 +/-
      1.5%, P less than 0.01) associated with significant increases of left ventricular
      end-diastolic pressures relative to both atmospheric and esophageal pressures
      during MD and LD. NITP increased DAO(AP) and DAO(RL), resulting in increases in
      diastolic aortic cross-sectional area by an average of 6.1-8.3% (P less than
      0.01). Similar changes were seen with the airway unobstructed during NITP. In
      series II, NITP caused diminished diastolic antegrade carotid artery and/or
      descending aortic flow run off in all dogs. Transient retrograde arterial flows
      with NITP were observed in more than half of the animals consistent with
      increases in aortic diameters. We conclude that a decrease of intrathoracic
      pressure confined to diastole can 1) diminish the ensuing LVSV, presumptively
      reducing preload by ventricular interdependence; 2) distend the intrathoracic
      aorta; 3) diminish antegrade flow out of the thorax independent of effects on
      cardiac performance; and 4) cause transient retrograde carotid and aortic blood
      flow. The intrathoracic aorta and, presumably, the arterial intrathoracic
      vascular compartment can be viewed as an elastic container driven by changes in
      intrathoracic pressure.

PMID- 3378986
TI  - Transient analysis of cardiopulmonary interactions. II. Systolic events.
AB  - The etiology of the fall in left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and arterial
      pressure with a negative intrathoracic pressure (NITP) during inspiration is
      controversial. An increase in LV afterload produced by NITP has been proposed as
      one explanation but is difficult to evaluate if preload is also altered. To test
      the hypothesis that a systolic event alone, i.e., a change in LV afterload or
      contractility, can reduce LVSV during inspiration independent of changes in LV
      preload, a rapid transient NITP confined to systole was produced by
      electrocardiogram-triggered phrenic nerve stimulation in eight anesthetized dogs.
      Intrathoracic descending aortic diameters were measured by sonomicrometry to
      transduce qualitative changes in aortic transmural pressure. With the airway
      completely obstructed systolic NITP resulted in a decrease in LVSV (-8.1%, P less
      than 0.001) but an increase in the systolic anteroposterior (0.54 mm, P less than
      0.01) and right-to-left (0.45 mm, P less than 0.01) aortic diameters compared
      with preceding beat. Similar significant changes were observed with the airway
      unobstructed. These observations are consistent with an increased afterload
      imposed on the LV reducing LVSV and egress of blood out of the thorax. Prolonging
      NITP to include both systole and diastole, a profound fall in LVSV is observed,
      consistent with the independent influences of systolic and diastolic events
      combining to diminish LVSV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378987
TI  - Measurement of total lung aerosol deposition as an index of lung abnormality.
AB  - Total aerosol deposition in the lung was measured in 100 subjects with various
      lung conditions. The subjects consisted of 40 normals (N), 15 asymptomatic
      smokers (S), 10 smokers with small airway disease (SAD), 20 with chronic simple
      bronchitis (SB), and 15 with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), and a
      relationship of total aerosol deposition to degree of lung abnormality was
      investigated. The subjects were categorized by medical history and a battery of
      pulmonary function tests, including spirometry, body plethysmography, and single
      and multiple N2 washout measurements. Subjects repeatedly breathed a monodisperse
      test aerosol (1.0 micron diam) from a collapsible rebreathing bag (0.5 liter
      volume) at a rate of 30 breaths/min, while inhaled and exhaled aerosol
      concentrations were continuously monitored by a laser aerosol photometer in situ
      and recorded on a strip-chart recorder. The number of rebreathing breaths
      resulting in 90% aerosol loss from the bag (N90) was determined, and percent
      predicted N90 values were then determined from the results of computer simulation
      and used as a deposition index. The percent predicted N90 values were 99.7 +/-
      14, 86.5 +/- 15, 66.9 +/- 17, 51 +/- 12, and 30.9 +/- 9, respectively, for N, S,
      SAD, SB, and COPD. All of these values were significantly different from each
      other (P less than 0.05). There was no difference between male and female but
      percent predicted N90 values were slightly higher in young than in old normals.
      Percent predicted N90 values showed a strong linear correlation with spirometric
      measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and maximum midexpiratory flow
      rate. However, many of the SAD and SB with normal spirometry showed abnormal N90.
      These results suggest that total lung aerosol deposition is a sensitive index of
      lung abnormality and may be of potential use for nonspecific general patient
      screening.

PMID- 3378988
TI  - Mechanical properties of porcine intralobar pulmonary arteries.
AB  - The isobaric and isovolumetric properties of intrapulmonary arteries were
      evaluated by placing a highly compliant balloon inside arterial segments. The
      passive pressure-volume (P-V) curve was obtained by changing volume (0.004 ml/s)
      and measuring pressure. The isobaric active volume change (delta V) or
      isovolumetric active pressure change (delta P) generated by submaximal histamine
      was measured at four different transmural pressures (Ptm's) reached by balloon
      inflation. The maximal delta P = 11.2 +/- 0.6 cmH2O (mean +/- SE) was achieved at
      30.8 +/- 1.2 cmH2O Ptm and maximal delta V = 0.20 +/- 0.02 ml at 16.7 +/- 1.7
      cmH2O Ptm. The P-V relationships were similar when volume was increased after
      either isobaric or isovolumetric contraction. The calculated length-tension (L-T)
      relationship showed that the active tension curve was relatively flat and that
      the passive tension at the optimal length was 149 +/- 11% of maximal active
      tension. These data show that 1) a large elastic component operates in parallel
      with the smooth muscle in intralobar pulmonary arteries, and 2) the change in
      resistance associated with vascular expansion of the proximal arteries is
      independent of the type of contraction that occurs in the more distal arterial
      segments.

PMID- 3378989
TI  - Mechanics of the parasternal intercostals during occluded breaths in dogs.
AB  - The electrical activity and the respiratory changes in length of the third
      parasternal intercostal muscle were measured during single-breath airway
      occlusion in 12 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs in the supine posture.
      During occluded breaths in the intact animal, the parasternal intercostal was
      electrically active and shortened while pleural pressure fell. In contrast, after
      section of the third intercostal nerve at the chondrocostal junction and
      abolition of parasternal electrical activity, the muscle always lengthened. This
      inspiratory muscle lengthening must be related to the fall in pleural pressure;
      it was, however, approximately 50% less than the amount of muscle lengthening
      produced, for the same fall in pleural pressure, by isolated stimulation of the
      phrenic nerves. These results indicate that 1) the parasternal inspiratory
      shortening that occurs during occluded breaths in the dog results primarily from
      the muscle inspiratory contraction per se, and 2) other muscles of the rib cage,
      however, contribute to this parasternal shortening by acting on the ribs or the
      sternum. The present studies also demonstrate the important fact that the
      parasternal inspiratory contraction in the dog is really agonistic in nature.

PMID- 3378990
TI  - Use of aerosols to estimate mean air-space size in chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease.
AB  - Using in vivo measures of aerosol recovery (RC) as a function of breath-hold time
      (t) (Gebhart et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 51: 465-476, 1981), we estimated the mean
      diameter (D) of the pulmonary air spaces in subjects diagnosed with chronic
      obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 8) and in subjects with normal
      pulmonary function (n = 10). For each subject, RC (aerosol expired/aerosol
      inspired) decreased exponentially with t. Based on a model of the lung as a
      system of randomly oriented cylindrical tubes, the half time (t1/2) (i.e., the
      breath-hold time to reach 50% of RC with no breath hold) is proportional to a
      mean diameter (D) of air spaces filled with aerosol. Subjects with normal
      pulmonary function had a mean t1/2 = 6.5 +/- 0.8 s, corresponding to a mean D =
      0.36 +/- 0.05 mm. On the other hand, subjects with COPD had a mean t1/2 = 12.7 +/
      3.2 s, corresponding to a mean D = 0.70 +/- 0.18 mm [i.e., twice as large (P
      less than 0.01) as normal subjects]. Furthermore, D correlated significantly with
      diffusing capacity in the patients with COPD (r = -0.95, P less than 0.001 for D
      vs. percent predicted diffusing capacity of CO) but not with any other measure of
      pulmonary function. In contrast, D varied only slightly in normals and did not
      correlate with any measure of pulmonary function. We conclude that in vivo
      measures of RC vs. t, in conjunction with other pulmonary function tests, may be
      a useful tool for identifying actual changes in pulmonary air-space sizes
      associated with pulmonary disease.

PMID- 3378991
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of regional interstitial lung volume in sheep.
AB  - The noninvasive external radioflux detection method (ERD) measures net
      transvascular flux of tracer protein into and out of the lung extravascular
      compartment (EV) and time to zero flux between compartments. With this
      information we can now estimate regional interstitial volume in the field of the
      external probe (VIs). Dividing the mass of EV tracer by VIs, we obtain
      interstitial concentration ([Is]). Directly sampling plasma concentration of the
      tracer, we can construct plasma-interstitium equilibration curves that are
      analogous to plasma-lymph equilibration curves without invasive surgery. We
      completed 46 ERD studies in 21 sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas. Sheep were
      studied under baseline conditions (n = 30) and after elevating left atrial
      pressure by mitral obstruction (n = 7), or intravascular volume infusion (n = 8),
      and increasing lung vascular permeability (n = 1). In each study we compared the
      slope of the regression through plasma-lymph concentration of tracer protein over
      time ([P]-[L], measured directly) with that through values of plasma-interstitial
      concentration ([P]-[Is], assessed noninvasively), an index of vascular
      permeability. For this correlation, r = 0.94, and the regression line
      approximates identity. Mean [Is] appears to approximate [L] in sheep.

PMID- 3378992
TI  - Exercise thermoregulation after prolonged wakefulness.
AB  - The effect of 33 h of wakefulness on the control of forearm cutaneous blood flow
      and forearm sweating during exercise was studied in three men and three women.
      Subjects exercised for 30 min at 60% peak O2 consumption while seated behind a
      cycle ergometer (Ta = 35 degrees C, Pw = 1.0 kPa). We measured esophageal
      temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature, and arm sweating continuously and
      forearm blood flow (FBF) as an index of skin blood flow, twice each minute by
      venous occlusion plethysmography. During steady-state exercise, Tes was unchanged
      by sleep loss. The sensitivity of FBF to Tes was depressed an average of 30% (P
      less than 0.05) after 33 h of wakefulness with a slight decrease (-0.15 degrees
      C, P less than 0.05) in the core temperature threshold for vasodilatory onset.
      Sleep loss did not alter the Tes at which the onset of sweating occurred;
      however, sensitivity of arm sweating to Tes tended to be lower but was not
      significant. Arm skin temperature was not different between control and sleep
      loss experiments. Reflex cutaneous vasodilation during exercise appeared to be
      reduced by both central and local factors after 33 h of wakefulness.

PMID- 3378993
TI  - Evaluation of Starling forces in the equine digit.
AB  - A pump-perfused extracorporeal digital preparation was used to evaluate blood
      flow, arterial pressure, venous pressure, isogravimetric capillary filtration
      coefficient, capillary pressure, and vascular compliance in six normal horses.
      From these data, pre- and postcapillary resistances and pre- and postcapillary
      resistance ratios were determined. Vascular and tissue oncotic pressures were
      estimated from plasma and lymph protein concentrations, respectively. By use of
      the collected and calculated data, tissue pressure in the digit was calculated
      using the Starling equation. In the isolated equine digit, isogravimetric
      capillary pressure averaged 36.7 mmHg, plasma and lymph oncotic pressures
      averaged aged 19.12 and 6.6 mmHg, respectively, interstitial fluid pressure
      averaged 25.6 mmHg, and the capillary filtration coefficient averaged 0.0013
      ml.min-1.mm-1.100 g-1. Our results indicate that digital capillary pressure in
      the laterally recumbent horse is much higher than in analogous tissues in other
      species such as dog and human. However, the potential edemagenic effects of this
      high digital capillary pressure are opposed by at least two mechanisms: 1) a high
      tissue pressure and 2) a low microvascular surface area for fluid exchange and/or
      a low microvascular permeability to filtered fluid.

PMID- 3378994
TI  - Chronic administration of sodium cyanate decreases O2 extraction ratio in dogs.
AB  - It has been proposed that an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 may be
      beneficial in severe hypoxemia. To test this hypothesis, we compared the response
      to progressive hypoxemia in dogs with normal hemoglobin affinity (P50 = 32.4 +/-
      0.7 Torr) to dogs with a left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve (P50
      = 21.9 +/- 0.5 Torr) induced by chronic oral administration of sodium cyanate.
      Animals were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated. The inspired
      O2 fraction was progressively lowered by increasing the inspired fraction of N2.
      The lowest level of O2 transport required to maintain base-line O2 consumption
      (VO2) was 9.3 +/- 0.8 ml.min-1.kg-1 for control and 16.5 +/- 1.1 ml.min-1.kg-1
      for the sodium cyanate-treated dogs (P less than 0.01). Other measured parameters
      at this level of O2 transport were, for experimental vs. control: arterial PO2
      19.3 +/- 2.4 (SE) Torr vs. 21.8 +/- 1.6 Torr (NS); arterial O2 content 10.0 +/-
      1.2 ml/dl vs. 4.9 +/- 0.4 ml/dl (P less than 0.01); mixed venous PO2 14.0 +/- 1.5
      Torr vs. 13.8 +/- 1.0 Torr (NS); mixed venous O2 content 6.8 +/- 1.0 ml/dl vs.
      2.3 +/- 0.2 ml/dl (P less than 0.01); and O2 extraction ratio 32.7 +/- 2.8% vs.
      51.2 +/- 3.8% (P less than 0.01). We conclude that chronic administration of
      sodium cyanate appears to be detrimental to O2 transport, since the experimental
      dogs were unable to increase their O2 extraction ratios to the same level as
      control, thus requiring a higher level of O2 transport to maintain their base
      line VO2 values.

PMID- 3378995
TI  - Lung volume recruitment during high-frequency oscillation in atelectasis-prone
      rabbits.
AB  - In diffuse lung injury, optimal oxygenation occurs with high-frequency
      oscillatory ventilation (HFO-A, where A is active expiratory phase) when
      sustained inflations (SI) are applied periodically to recruit lung volume.
      Theoretically pulsed pressures may be safer and more effective than static
      pressures for reexpanding alveoli. We compared the increases in lung volume and
      arterial PO2 (PaO2) induced by 30-s increases in mean airway pressure in six New
      Zealand White rabbits made atelectasis prone by saline lavage plus 1 h of
      conventional ventilation. Pulsatile SI's (HFO-A left on during increase in mean
      pressure) of delta PSI = 5, 10, and 15 cmH2O and static SI's (HFO-A off during
      SI) of delta PSI = 5, 10, 15, and 20 cmH2O were delivered in random order. Lungs
      were ventilated at 15 Hz, inspired fractional concentration of O2 = 1.0, and mean
      airway pressure 15-20 cmH2O between test periods and deflated to functional
      residual capacity before each SI to standardize volume history. With both
      maneuvers, increases in lung volume and PaO2 induced by SI's were proportional to
      the magnitude of the SI (P less than 0.001) in all cases. Pulsatile SI's
      consistently increased lung volume and PaO2 more than static SI's having the same
      delta PSI (P less than 0.005) such that any given target PaO2 or change in volume
      (delta V) was achieved at 5 cmH2O less mean pressure with the pulsatile maneuver.
      Respiratory system compliance increased after both types of SI. Oxygenation and
      lung volume changes at 5 min were related with r = 0.58 (P less than
      0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3378996
TI  - Cardiac output and O2 consumption during inspiratory threshold loaded breathing.
AB  - In this study, noninvasive measurements of cardiac output and O2 consumption were
      performed to estimate the blood flow to and efficiency of the respiratory muscles
      that are used in elevated inspiratory work loads. Five subjects were studied for
      4.5 min at a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min and a duty cycle of 0.5. Studies
      were performed at rest without added respiratory loads and at elevated
      inspiratory work loads with the use of an inspiratory valve that permitted flow
      only when a threshold pressure was maintained. Cardiac output and O2 consumption
      were calculated using a rebreathing technique. Respiratory muscle blood flow and
      O2 consumption were estimated as the difference between resting and loaded
      breathing. Work of breathing was calculated by integrating the product of mouth
      pressure and volume. Increases in cardiac output and O2 consumption in response
      of 4.5 min loaded breathing averaged 1.84 l/min and 108 ml/min, respectively. No
      increases were seen in response to 20-s loaded breathing. In a separate series of
      experiments on four subjects, though, cardiac output increased for the first 2
      min then leveled off. These results indicate that the increase in cardiac output
      was a metabolic effect of the increased work load and was not caused primarily by
      the influence of the highly negative intrathoracic pressure on venous return.
      Efficiency of the respiratory muscles during inspiratory threshold loading
      averaged 5.9%, which was similar to measurements of efficiency of respiratory
      muscles using whole-body O2 consumption that have been reported previously in
      humans and in dogs.

PMID- 3378997
TI  - Alveolar liquid pressures in newborn and adult rabbit lungs.
AB  - To study the effects of lung maturation and inflation on alveolar liquid
      pressures, we isolated lungs from adult and newborn rabbit pups (1-11 days old).
      We used the micropuncture technique to measure alveolar liquid pressure at
      several transpulmonary pressures on lung deflation. Alveolar liquid pressure was
      greater than pleural pressure but less than airway pressure at all transpulmonary
      pressures. Alveolar liquid pressure decreased further below airway pressure with
      lung inflation. At high transpulmonary pressure, alveolar liquid pressure was
      less in newborn than in adult lungs. To study the effects of edema, we measured
      alveolar liquid pressures in newborn lungs with different wet-to-dry weight
      ratios. Alveolar liquid pressure increased with progressive edema. In addition,
      we compared alveolar liquid and perivenular interstitial pressures in perfused
      newborn lungs and found that they were similar. Thus alveolar liquid pressure can
      be used to estimate perivenular interstitial pressure. We conclude that the
      transvascular pressure gradient for fluid flux into the interstitium might
      increase with lung inflation and decrease with progressive edema. Furthermore,
      this gradient might be greater in newborn than adult lungs at high inflation
      pressures.

PMID- 3378998
TI  - Effect of simulated altitude erythrocythemia in women on hemoglobin flow rate
      during exercise.
AB  - The effect of simulated altitude erythrocythemia on hemoglobin flow rate and
      maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) was determined for nine women sea-level residents.
      Test conditions included normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (16% O2-84% N2). Cycle
      tests were performed under normoxia (T1-N) and hypoxia (T1-H) at prereinfusion
      control and under hypoxia 48 h after a placebo infusion (T2-H) and 48 h after
      autologous infusion of 334 ml of erythrocytes (T3-H). Hematocrit (38.1-44.9%) and
      hemoglobin concentration (12.7-14.7 g.dl-1) increased from control to
      postreinfusion. At peak exercise, VO2max decreased from T1-N (2.40 l.min-1) to T1
      H (2.15 l.min-1) then increased at T3-H (2.37 l.min-1). Maximal arterial-mixed
      venous O2 difference decreased from T1-N to T1-H and increased at T3-H. Cardiac
      output (Q), stroke volume, heart rate, and total peripheral resistance during
      maximal exercise were unchanged from T1-N through T3-H. Hemoglobin flow rate (Hb
      flow) at maximum did not change from T1-N to T1-H but increased at T3-H. When
      compared with submaximal values for T1-N, VO2 was unchanged at T1-H and T3-H; Q
      increased at T1-H and decreased at T3-H; arterial-mixed venous O2 difference
      decreased at T1-H and increased at T3-H; Hb flow did not change at T1-N but
      increased at T3-H. For young women, simulated altitude erythrocythemia increased
      peak Hb flow and decreased physiological altitude (227.8 m) but did not affect
      maximum cardiac output (Qmax).

PMID- 3378999
TI  - Properties of steady maximal expiratory flow within excised canine central
      airways.
AB  - Using our transistor model of the lung during forced expiration (J. Appl.
      Physiol. 62: 2013-2025, 1987), we recently predicted that 1) axially arranged
      choke points can exist simultaneously during forced expiration with sufficient
      effort, and 2) overall maximal expiratory flow may be relatively insensitive to
      nonuniform airways obstruction because of flow interdependence between parallel
      upstream branches. We tested these hypotheses in excised central airways obtained
      from five canine lungs. Steady expiratory flow was induced by supplying constant
      upstream pressure (Pupstream = 0-16 cmH2O) to the bronchi of both lungs while
      lowering pressure at the tracheal airway opening (16 to -140 cmH2O). Intra-airway
      pressure profiles obtained during steady maximal expiratory flow disclosed a
      single choke point in the midtrachea when Pupstream was high (2-16 cmH2O).
      However, when Pupstream was low (0 cmH2O), two choke sites were evident: the
      tracheal site persisted, but another upstream choke point (main carina or both
      main bronchi) was added. Flow interdependence was studied by comparing maximal
      expiratory flow through each lung before and after introduction of a unilateral
      external resistance upstream of the bronchi of one lung. When this unilateral
      resistance was added, ipsilateral flow always fell, but changes in flow through
      the contralateral lung depended on the site of the most upstream choke. When a
      single choke existed in the trachea, addition of the external resistance
      increased contralateral flow by 38 +/- 28% (SD, P less than 0.003). In contrast,
      when the most upstream choke existed at the main carina or in the bronchi,
      addition of the external resistance had no effect on contralateral maximal
      expiratory flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379000
TI  - Collagen and elastin fibers in human pulmonary alveolar walls.
AB  - The morphology and morphometric data of collagen and elastin fibers in the
      pulmonary alveolar walls are presented. Specimens were obtained from postmortem
      lungs quick-frozen at specified transpulmonary pressures. Collagen was stained by
      silver, and elastin was stained by orcein. Photomicrographs were composed by
      computer. Young lungs typically show small collagen fibers that radiate from the
      "posts," whereas larger fiber bundles traverse the septum irrespective of
      capillary blood vessels. In older lungs, rings of collagen around the posts
      appear enlarged. Elastin bundles do not show obvious variation in pattern with
      age and inflation pressure. Statistical frequency distributions of the fiber
      width and curvature are both skewed, but the square root of the width and the
      cube root of the curvature have approximate normal distributions. Typically, for
      young lungs at transpulmonary pressure of 4 cmH2O, the mean of (width)1/2 (in
      micron1/2) for collagen fibers is 0.952 +/- 0.242 (SD), that of (curvature)1/3
      (in micron-1/3) is 0.349 +/- 0.094. The corresponding values for elastin are
      0.986 +/- 0.255 and 0.395 +/- 0.094.

PMID- 3379001
TI  - Fatigue of the inspiratory muscle pump in humans: an isoflow approach.
AB  - A new method is described for measurement of inspiratory muscle endurance in
      humans that is based on isokinetic principles of muscle testing (i.e.,
      measurement of maximum force during a constant velocity of shortening). Subjects
      inspired maximally while their lungs were inflated at a constant rate during each
      breath for 10 min. Inspiratory and expiratory time, flow rate, tidal volume, and
      end-tidal CO2 were maintained constant. In each subject, maximum inspiratory
      mouth pressure exponentially decayed over the first few minutes to an apparent
      sustainable value. Repeated tests in experienced subjects showed high
      reproducibility of sustainable pressure measurements. To determine the effects of
      flow, endurance tests were repeated in four subjects at flows of 0.75, 1.0, and
      1.25 l/s, with a constant duty cycle. As flow increased, the maximum pressures
      that could be attained at rest and the maximum sustainable pressures decreased.
      At each flow, the sustainable pressure remained a constant fraction of the
      maximum pressure attainable at rest. We interpret the decay in mouth pressure
      during isoflow endurance tests to directly reflect the loss of net inspiratory
      muscle force available by maximum voluntary activation of the inspiratory pump.

PMID- 3379003
TI  - Families of lines: random effects in linear regression analysis.
AB  - Laboratory experiments often involve two groups of subjects, with a linear
      phenomenon observed in each subject. Simple linear regression as propounded in
      standard textbooks is inadequate to treat this experimental design, particularly
      when it comes to dealing with random variation of slopes and intercepts among
      subjects. The author describes several techniques that can be used to compare two
      independent families of lines and illustrates their use with laboratory data. The
      methods are described tutorially, compared, and discussed in the context of more
      sophisticated and more naive approaches to this common data-analytic problem.
      Technical details are supplied in APPENDIX A.

PMID- 3379002
TI  - Power spectra of inspiratory nerve activity with lung inflations in cats.
AB  - To investigate the effect of lung inflations on the high-frequency synchrony (70
      122 Hz) observed in the inspiratory activity of respiratory motor nerves of
      decerebrate cats, I applied a step increase in lung inflation pressure at fixed
      delays into the inspiratory phase and computed power spectra of phrenic
      neurograms before and during inflation. In 25 decerebrate paralyzed cats the
      frequency of the high spectral peak was 92.3 +/- 11.1 Hz before and 105.3 +/-
      12.1 Hz during the step in inflation pressure, shifting upward by 13.0 +/- 6.0
      Hz. For 8 of the 25 cats, the recurrent laryngeal and phrenic neurograms were
      recorded simultaneously. The high spectral peak was present during inspiration in
      the recurrent laryngeal power spectra and coherent with the high peak in the
      phrenic power spectra. In response to lung inflation, the high peak disappeared
      from the power spectra of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as the inspiratory
      activity was inhibited; a shift upward in frequency was not detectable. Comparing
      inspiratory times (TI, based on the phrenic neurograms) for breaths with no lung
      inflations to those for breaths with lung inflations, I found that lung
      inflations early in inspiration caused a decrease in TI, lung inflations at
      intermediates times had no effect on TI, and lung inflations late in inspiration
      caused an increase in TI. Despite lung inflation decreasing, not affecting, or
      increasing inspiratory duration and amplitude of the phrenic neurogram, lung
      inflation always caused a shift upward in the high-frequency peak of the phrenic
      power density. The fact that lung inflation, a powerful respiratory stimulus,
      affected the frequency of the high peak in a consistent manner suggests that the
      high-frequency synchrony is an important and robust feature of the central
      respiratory pattern generator.

PMID- 3379004
TI  - Spectral analysis of inert gas elimination data: resolution limits.
AB  - A new method of analyzing inert gas data for recovery of the pulmonary
      ventilation-perfusion ration (VA/Q) distribution is proposed. It is shown that
      the conventional inert gas elimination equation takes the form of a convolution
      integral, and the relationship between VA/Q distribution and inert gas
      elimination resembles that of a noncausal low-pass filter with infinite zero
      frequency gain. With the use of this formulation, characteristic features of VA/Q
      distribution may be represented in the frequency domain in terms of the
      corresponding energy spectrum. It is shown that the lack of resolution associated
      with finite data samples and measurement error is caused by distortions in the
      high-frequency contents of the resulting VA/Q distribution. With six inert gases,
      the technique cannot resolve a log SD less than 0.21 decade and a modal
      separation less than 0.87 decade. In the presence of measurement error, the
      degree of resolution is even less. It is suggested that for maximum resolution
      the number of discrete and duplicate data samples should be chosen so that the
      resulting noise and sampling cutoff frequencies are approximately equal.

PMID- 3379005
TI  - A model for quantitative strength training of hindlimb muscles of the rat.
AB  - Rats were taught to lift up a lever to train the plantar flexors. After 2 wk of
      adaptation the rats were trained for 36 wk. The mass of weights on the lever rose
      by 85% over the 36-wk period (P less than 0.05) The estimated force that the
      plantar flexors had to develop to lift the lever rose by 32% (P less than 0.05),
      just as the work per lift rose by 28% (P less than 0.05). For the trained group
      of rats the soleus muscles of the right and the left limb were 34% (P less than
      0.05) and 31% (P less than 0.05) heavier, respectively, after the training period
      than those of the control group. Similarly, the plantaris muscles of both the
      right and the left limb were 24% heavier (P less than 0.05). For the trained
      group the maximum twitch and tetanus tensions of the soleus were 63% (P less than
      0.05) and 65% (P less than 0.05) higher, respectively. Relative to the plantaris
      these measures were 79% (P less than 0.05) and 37% (P less than 0.05),
      respectively. The described model, therefore, seems appropriate for the study of
      the skeletal muscles' adaptation to usage.

PMID- 3379006
TI  - Calculation of the reflection coefficient from measurements of endogenous
      vascular indicators.
AB  - The solvent drag reflection coefficient (sigma) for total proteins can be
      estimated by comparing the relative degrees of concentration of erythrocytes and
      plasma proteins that occur during fluid filtration in an isolated perfused organ.
      In this analysis, we evaluated the accuracy of equations proposed by Pilati and
      Maron [Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 16): H1-H7, 1984] and Wolf et
      al. [Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 22): H194-H204, 1987] to calculate
      sigma from these concentration changes. We calculated sigma with each equation
      using data generated from a mathematical model of fluid and solute flux in
      membranes with known sigma's. We found that the equation of Wolf et al. provided
      the closest approximation to the true sigma over the entire range of filtration
      fractions tested (0.1-0.6), with the differences between the two equations
      increasing with filtration fraction. At low filtration fractions, the difference
      in sigma obtained using either approach was found to be inconsequential. At
      larger filtration fractions, a closer approximation of the true sigma can be
      obtained using the equation of Wolf et al.

PMID- 3379007
TI  - What does inductance plethysmography really measure?
AB  - Inasmuch as it has been claimed that inductance plethysmography can measure cross
      sectional area changes, we tested this assumption. We present experimental and
      computed relationships between self-inductance (L) of coils and areas (A)
      included inside for a coil with a well-defined side wavy pattern (triangular or
      sinusoidal) and for a real belt (Respitrace) placed on elliptical or rectangular
      configurations. The results are applied to the physiological field using
      measurements obtained from a computed tomography experiment. We demonstrate that
      the L-A relationships vary not only with shape or ellipticity of the cross
      section but also with the wavy pattern shape. This last parameter is critical
      because it is difficult to actually control. When the coil wavy pattern remains
      steady, there are some physiological situations where inductance plethysmography
      can more accurately estimate area changes: when the configuration shape is
      constant, the correspondence between delta L and delta A is almost linear with a
      shape-dependent sensitivity; when the configuration is nearly circular
      (ellipticity in the range 0.8-1), the relative error in delta A estimation is
      less than 5%.

PMID- 3379008
TI  - O2 radicals mediate reperfusion lung injury.

PMID- 3379010
TI  - Pleural liquid pressure.

PMID- 3379009
TI  - Use of the heart rate deflection point to assess the anaerobic threshold.

PMID- 3379011
TI  - Theoretical considerations of the adjustment disorders.

PMID- 3379012
TI  - Pregnancy subsequent to perinatal loss: parental anxiety and depression.

PMID- 3379013
TI  - Nature and determinants of parent-to-infant attachment in the early postnatal
      period.

PMID- 3379015
TI  - Dimensions and types of attention deficit disorder.

PMID- 3379014
TI  - Differential assessment of attention and impulsivity in children.

PMID- 3379016
TI  - The effects of methylphenidate on the interactions of preschool ADHD children
      with their mothers.

PMID- 3379017
TI  - A longitudinal study of depression in nine-year-old children.

PMID- 3379018
TI  - Suicidal behavior and ideation in a community sample of children: maternal and
      youth reports.

PMID- 3379019
TI  - Suicidal behavior in adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 3379020
TI  - The psychological autopsy: methodological considerations for the study of
      adolescent suicide.

PMID- 3379021
TI  - Adolescent autoerotic deaths.

PMID- 3379022
TI  - Lithium antidepressant augmentation in TCA-refractory depression in adolescents.

PMID- 3379023
TI  - Issue continued: anatomically correct dolls: should they be used as the basis for
      expert testimony?

PMID- 3379024
TI  - Infant psychiatry in Japan.

PMID- 3379025
TI  - Comments on DSM-III-R from Europe.

PMID- 3379026
TI  - Neglect of psychotherapy?

PMID- 3379027
TI  - Who benefits from tricyclic antidepressants: a survey.
AB  - To determine what patients are likely to benefit from treatment with a tricyclic
      antidepressant, the authors surveyed American researchers, teachers of
      psychiatry, general psychiatric practitioners, and foreign researchers. Areas of
      agreement were appreciable and can serve as an index of accepted community
      practice and as guidelines for teaching. Responses indicated that patients most
      likely to benefit from a tricyclic antidepressant are those with primary
      depression; early morning awakening; motor retardation; loss of appetite; weight
      loss; prior positive response to a tricyclic antidepressant; loss of interest in
      work or hobbies; sad, blue, or depressed feelings; improved mood in evening; and
      loss of interest in sex. Amitriptyline was preferred for agitated depressions,
      and imipramine was preferred for retarded depressions.

PMID- 3379028
TI  - Thyroid hormones in panic disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and
      generalized anxiety disorder.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with generalized anxiety disorder who had symptoms persisting
      for at least 6 months, 41 patients suffering from either panic disorder (32
      patients) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (9 patients), and 14 control
      subjects were screened for thyroid disease. Total serum thyroxine (TT4), serum
      free thyroxine index (FT4I), and triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3RU), were
      examined for the entire sample, using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). No
      significant differences were found in TT4 (p = .24), FT4I (p = .24), and T3RU (p
      = .19). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was examined in a subsample of 10
      patients with generalized anxiety disorder, 11 with panic disorder or panic
      disorder with agoraphobia, and 10 controls. One-way ANOVA again showed no
      significant differences, although there was a trend (p = .07). This is the first
      report that compares generalized anxiety disorder patients, panic disorder
      patients, and patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with controls on
      measures of thyroid function. It is also the first to report normal values in the
      thyroid indices of generalized anxiety disorder patients.

PMID- 3379029
TI  - EEG evidence of epileptiform paroxysms in rapid cycling bipolar patients.
AB  - Electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities have been described in patients with
      mood disorders. In an effort to determine if rapid cycling bipolar affective
      disorder patients may demonstrate more prevalent EEG paroxysmal activity than
      patients with non-rapid cycling mood disorders, we studied five consecutively
      identified bipolar patients who cycled at least four times a year. They were
      compared with 25 consecutive affective disorder patients who received an EEG
      before electroconvulsive therapy. Three of the five rapid cycling patients had
      bitemporal paroxysmal sharp waves as demonstrated by EEG but no psychomotor
      evidence of epilepsy. None of the 25 comparison patients had EEG abnormalities.
      Four of the five rapid cyclers reported a family history of affective disorder,
      including the three who had paroxysms.

PMID- 3379030
TI  - Treatment of severe, refractory agitation with a haloperidol drip.
AB  - A case of agitated delirium secondary to bilateral occipital cerebral infarctions
      in a cancer patient was refractory to trials of large doses of intravenous
      psychotropic agents, but continuous intravenous infusion of haloperidol
      controlled agitation rapidly and safely. A total haloperidol dose of 600 mg/day
      was used without complications. Haloperidol by continuous infusion should be
      considered in the management of severe, refractory agitation in patients who are
      medically ill.

PMID- 3379031
TI  - Acute generalized myoclonus following buspirone administration.
AB  - The authors present a case of a 62-year-old woman who was hospitalized with
      severe medical problems that included congestive heart failure secondary to
      mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, chronic renal
      failure, and a recent history of a right cerebral lacunar infarction. She also
      had a 2-year history of anxiety and depression, manifested in the hospital by
      frequent crying spells, sleeplessness, and ruminating about her illnesses. The
      patient received buspirone 5 mg three times a day for her anxiety and depression.
      Approximately 12 hours after her first dose, she developed dramatic myoclonus,
      dystonias, and akathisia. She was given 25 mg of intramuscular diphenhydramine
      and 1 mg of intramuscular benztropine mesylate, which resulted in little relief;
      however, 1 mg clonazepam caused both the myoclonic jerks and dystonias to resolve
      completely.

PMID- 3379032
TI  - Carbamazepine: single versus multiple dosing.

PMID- 3379033
TI  - Structures of amidohydrolases. Amino acid sequence of a glutaminase-asparaginase
      from Acinetobacter glutaminasificans and preliminary crystallographic data for an
      asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of a glutaminase-asparaginase from Acinetobacter
      glutaminasificans, for which a preliminary tertiary structure is available from
      crystallographic analysis, has been determined by automated Edman degradation of
      fragments produced by chemical and proteolytic cleavages. The protein consists of
      331 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 35,500. The pattern of
      hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions is typical of a globular protein. A new
      crystal form of an Erwinia chrysanthemi 1125 asparaginase is reported. The space
      group is monoclinic C2, with unit cell parameters of: a = 107.8, b = 91.7, c =
      129.2 A and beta = 91.7 degrees. A Vm of 2.25 A3/dalton was calculated for one
      tetramer of 35,100-dalton subunits per asymmetric unit. X-ray intensity data have
      been obtained to 2.2 A resolution. The point group symmetry of the Er.
      chrysanthemi tetramer is 222 from self-rotation function calculations. The
      relative orientations of an A. glutaminasificans glutaminase-asparaginase model
      and the Er. chrysanthemi asparaginase tetramer have been determined with the
      cross-rotation function, and translation function calculations have revealed a
      plausible location for the asparaginase tetramer in the crystal.

PMID- 3379034
TI  - Cholesterol modulates alkaline phosphatase activity of rat intestinal microvillus
      membranes.
AB  - Experiments were conducted, using a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, to vary
      the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio of rat proximal small intestinal
      microvillus membranes in order to assess the possible role of cholesterol in
      modulating enzymatic activities of this plasma membrane. Cholesterol/phospholipid
      molar ratios from 0.71 to 1.30 were produced from a normal value of 1.05 by
      incubation with the transfer protein and an excess of either phosphatidylcholine
      or cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine liposomes for 60 min at 37 degrees C.
      Cholesterol loading or depletion of the membranes was accompanied by a decrease
      or increase, respectively, in their lipid fluidity, as assessed by steady-state
      fluorescence polarization techniques using the lipid-soluble fluorophore 1,6
      diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Increasing the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio
      also decreased alkaline phosphatase specific activity by approximately 20-30%,
      whereas decreasing this ratio increased this enzymatic activity by 20-30%.
      Sucrase, maltase, and lactase specific activities were not affected in these same
      preparations. Since the changes in alkaline phosphatase activity could be
      secondary to alterations in fluidity, cholesterol, or both, additional
      experiments were performed using benzyl alcohol, a known fluidizer. Benzyl
      alcohol (25 mM) restored the fluidity of cholesterol-enriched preparations to
      control levels, did not change the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio, and
      failed to alter alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings, therefore,
      indicate that alterations in the cholesterol content and cholesterol/phospholipid
      molar ratio of microvillus membranes can modulate alkaline phosphatase but not
      sucrase, maltase, or lactase activities. Moreover, membrane fluidity does not
      appear to be an important physiological regulator of these enzymatic activities.

PMID- 3379035
TI  - Plasma transthyretin. Tissue sites of degradation and turnover in the rat.
AB  - Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the plasma transport of both retinol and
      thyroid hormones. TTR is synthesized in the liver and choroid plexus, and in
      small amounts in several other tissues. A study was conducted to determine the
      tissue sites of degradation and turnover of TTR in the rat. The study employed
      TTR labeled with tyramine cellobiose (TC) and the trapped ligand method. Samples
      of purified rat TTR were labeled either with 125I-TC or directly with 131I. A
      mixture of the two labeled TTRs was injected intravenously into six rats. Blood
      samples were collected via a venous catheter for kinetic (turnover) analysis.
      After 24 or 48 h, the rats were killed, and 23 different tissues/organs were
      assayed as possible sites of TTR degradation. Derivatization of TTR with TC did
      not appreciably alter TTR plasma kinetics. Plasma turnover data were best fit by
      a three-pool model. The mean fractional turnover of plasma TTR was 0.15/h, and of
      total body TTR 0.04/h. The major sites of TTR degradation were the liver (36-38%
      of total body TTR degradation, almost all in hepatocytes), muscle (12-15%), and
      skin (8-10%). Tissues that were sites of 1-8% of body TTR degradation included
      kidneys, adipose tissue, testes, and the gastrointestinal tract. Less than 1% of
      total TTR degradation occurred in the other tissues examined. A second study was
      conducted in which labeled TTR was injected intraventricularly into the
      cerebrospinal fluid in order to explore the degradation of TTR of choroid plexus
      origin. The kinetics of the appearance and disappearance of such labeled TTR in
      plasma were physiologically reasonable, with an estimated turnover of
      cerebrospinal fluid TTR of the order of 0.33/h. The major tissue sites of
      degradation of labeled TTR injected into cerebrospinal fluid and into plasma were
      approximately the same. No specific degradation of TTR was found in the nervous
      system tissues. The most active organs of TTR catabolism, per gram wet weight,
      were liver and kidneys. These studies demonstrate that many tissues participate
      in TTR turnover and degradation; the studies provide quantitative information
      about the tissue sites of TTR catabolism.

PMID- 3379036
TI  - Naturally occurring products of proglucagon 111-160 in the porcine and human
      small intestine.
AB  - Recent studies have revealed that the glucagon gene is expressed in the mammalian
      intestine. Here it codes for "glicentin" (proglucagon 1-69) and a glucagon-like
      peptide, proglucagon 78-107, recently isolated from porcine intestine. We studied
      the fate of the remaining COOH-terminal part of proglucagon (proglucagon 111-160)
      using radioimmunoassays against proglucagon 111-123 and 126-160. Two peptides
      were isolated from acid ethanol extracts of porcine ileal mucosa and sequenced:
      one corresponding to proglucagon 126-158 and one probably corresponding to
      proglucagon 111-158. By comparing human and porcine proglucagon sequences, Ala117
      is replaced by Thr, and Ile138, Ala144, Ile152 and Gln153 are replaced by Val,
      Thr, Leu, and His. By gel filtration and radioimmunoassay of intestinal extracts
      it was established that a large part of porcine and virtually all of human
      proglucagon are processed to release proglucagon 111-123 (designated spacer
      peptide 2), which, like proglucagon 126-158 must be considered a potential
      hormonal entity. By isocratic high pressure liquid chromatography human spacer
      peptide 2 was indistinguishable from synthetic proglucagon 111-122 amide,
      suggesting that this is the structure of the naturally occurring human peptide.

PMID- 3379037
TI  - pK values for active site residues of carboxypeptidase A.
AB  - The phenolic group of active site residue Tyr-248 in carboxypeptidase A has a pKa
      value of 10.06, as determined from the pH dependence of its rate of nitration by
      tetranitromethane. The decrease in enzyme activity (kcat/Km) in alkaline
      solution, characterized by a pKa value of approximately 9.0 (for cobalt
      carboxypeptidase A), is associated with the protonation state of an imidazole
      ligand of the active-site metal ion, as indicated by a selective pH dependence of
      the 1H NMR spectrum of the enzyme. Inhibition of the cobalt-substituted enzyme by
      2-(1-carboxy-2-phenylethyl)phenol and its 4,6-dichloro- and 4-phenylazo
      derivatives confirms that the decrease in enzyme activity (kcat/Km) in acidic
      solution, characterized by a pKa value of 5.8, is due to the protonation state of
      a water molecule bound to the active-site metal ion in the absence of substrate.
      Changes in the coordination number of the active-site metal ion are seen in its
      visible absorption spectrum as a consequence of binding of the phenolic
      inhibitors. Conventional concepts regarding the mechanisms of the enzyme are
      brought into question.

PMID- 3379038
TI  - Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography of native trypsinogen, the
      denatured protein, and partially refolded molecules. Further evidence that non
      native disulfide bonds are dominant in refolding the completely reduced protein.
AB  - Size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography was used to compare the
      Stokes radius of the mixed disulfide of trypsinogen refolded for 10 min with the
      Stokes radius of denatured trypsinogen in high concentrations of urea. After
      folding for 10 min, rechromatography of a collection of sequential fractions of
      an initial separation showed that the fractions display microheterogeneity as
      seen in the value of the Stokes radius of each fraction. These intermediate
      species differed in their Stokes radius, and each had a globular structure cross
      linked by disulfide bonds. In contrast, when trypsinogen with the native
      disulfides intact was equilibrated at different concentrations of urea (0-8 M), a
      progressive increase in Stokes radius was observed with extent of unfolding.
      Rechromatography of a series of fractions collected at a specific urea
      concentration showed that each had the same Stokes radius as the fraction in the
      initial separation. Urea-denatured trypsinogen and partially refolded trypsinogen
      must therefore differ in the disulfide pairing that links regions of the
      polypeptide chain. These observations support the suggestion that non-native
      disulfide bonds are responsible for the many stable conformations that form early
      in the folding of the mixed disulfide of trypsinogen (Light, A., and Higaki, J.N.
      (1987) Biochemistry 26, 5556-5564). These intermediates initially are loose
      structures (large Stokes radius) that become more compact with time (decreasing
      Stokes radius). The intermediates must therefore undergo a continuing disulfide
      interchange until native disulfides form late in the process when the stable
      conformation of the native molecule is reached.

PMID- 3379039
TI  - Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding
      cytochromes P-450c and P-450d in vivo and in primary hepatocyte cultures.
AB  - In both primary cell cultures of rat hepatocytes and in liver, polycyclic
      aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found to influence the accumulation of the
      cytochrome P-450c and P-450d mRNAs by both transcriptional and post
      transcriptional mechanisms. Following treatment with PAHs, cytochrome P-450c mRNA
      levels increased approximately 100-fold in both hepatocyte cultures and in liver,
      while transcription rates, measured by run-on transcription of isolated nuclei,
      increased 3-fold in hepatocyte cultures and 10-fold in liver. The difference in
      the -fold increases of mRNA level and transcription rate suggests that post
      transcriptional, as well as transcriptional, mechanisms contributed to the
      regulation of cytochrome P-450c mRNA levels. Following treatment with PAHs,
      cytochrome P-450d mRNA levels increased 200-fold in hepatocyte cultures and 70
      fold in liver, while transcription rates remained unchanged in hepatocyte
      cultures and increased only 1.7-fold in liver. This suggests that post
      transcriptional mechanisms were of primary importance in regulating cytochrome P
      450d mRNA levels. The newly developed hepatocyte primary cell culture system used
      in these studies differs from previously reported systems in that the cytochrome
      P-450d gene, as well as the cytochrome P-450c gene, were expressed in response to
      PAHs. In this cell culture system the regulation of these two genes was quite
      similar, although not identical, to that found in liver. The mechanisms
      controlling the tissue-specific expression of the genes encoding cytochromes P
      450c and P-450d were also examined. The cytochrome P-450c mRNA was found in
      kidney, heart, and lung, as well as in liver, of PAH-treated rats, while the
      mature cytochrome P-450d mRNA was detected only in liver. The substantial
      increase in cytochrome P-450c mRNA in kidney in response to beta-napthoflavone
      was not associated with a detectable change in the transcription rate of
      cytochrome P-450c gene, indicating that cytochrome P-450c mRNA levels must be
      regulated primarily post-transcriptionally in kidney. Even though mature
      cytochrome P-450d mRNA could not be detected in kidney, the cytochrome P-450d
      gene was transcribed at a substantial rate in this tissue; therefore, the lack of
      accumulation of mature cytochrome P-450d mRNA in kidney must have been due to
      post-transcriptional control.

PMID- 3379040
TI  - Is there a unique sequence in heparin for interaction with heparin cofactor II?
      Structural and biological studies of heparin-derived oligosaccharides.
AB  - To study the structural requirements in heparin for interaction with heparin
      cofactor II (HC II) we have analyzed the properties of oligosaccharide fractions
      obtained after digestion of heparin by heparinase and gel filtration. No
      activation of HC II was detected in the presence of di-, tetra-, hexa-, octa-,
      deca-, or do-decasaccharides. The hexasaccharide pool was fractionated by ion
      exchange chromatography, and the structure of the major species, obtained in a
      homogeneous state, was investigated by NMR. All the resonances were unambiguously
      assigned using correlation by homonuclear and heteronuclear scalar coupling. The
      six monosaccharide residues of this hexasaccharide were thus easily identified.
      The sequence was established through two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect
      experiments. The results indicate that this product is a hexasaccharide recently
      described by Linhardt et al. (Linhardt, R. J., Rice, K. G., Merchant, Z. M., Kim,
      Y. S., and Lohse, D. L. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14448-14454). However, we
      could not confirm the anticoagulant activity observed by these authors. Moreover,
      none of the individual components obtained after fractionation of the
      hexasaccharide pool was able either to activate HC II against thrombin or to
      inhibit HC II activation by heparin. Thus, our data led us to conclude that no
      unique sequence is involved in heparin for binding to HC II and inactivation of
      thrombin. The interaction merely results from the highly anionic character of
      heparin.

PMID- 3379041
TI  - Structure of the amino-terminal portion of the murine alpha 1(IV) collagen chain
      and the corresponding region of the gene.
AB  - Collagen IV, the major structural component of basement membranes, is composed of
      two genetically distinct polypeptide chains, alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV). We have
      isolated a 522-base-pair (bp) cDNA to the 5' portion of the murine alpha 1(IV)
      chain mRNA from a library constructed by specific primer extension of poly(A)+
      RNA from differentiated F9 cells. This cDNA includes 141 bp of 5' untranslated
      sequence and encodes a signal peptide plus a portion of the amino-terminal cross
      linking (7 S) domain. This cDNA clone was used to obtain the 5' portion of the
      murine alpha 1(IV) gene from which the nucleotide sequence of exons 1-6 was
      determined. Exon 1 (234 bp) codes for the 5' untranslated sequence, and the first
      28 residues of the protein. The 5' untranslated sequence is highly conserved
      between the mouse and human species and has the potential to form three mutually
      exclusive stem-loop structures which may play a role in post-transcriptional
      regulation. Exons 2-6, which code for the 7 S domain, were found to be 60, 90,
      45, and 63 bp in size. The exon structure for the helical portion of the 7 S
      domain is different from that of the major helical domain, suggesting that they
      evolved differently.

PMID- 3379042
TI  - Uptake of the major hemolymph lipoprotein and its transformation in the insect
      egg.
AB  - The egg of Manduca sexta contains a very high density lipophorin (VHDLp-E; Mr
      approximately equal to 4.14 x 10(5), rho = 1.238 g/ml) that is derived from the
      high density lipophorin (HDLp-A; Mr approximately equal to 7.63 x 10(5), rho =
      1.076 g/ml) of the hemolymph. The selective uptake of HDLp-A into the egg and its
      subsequent conversion to VHDLp-E was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Upon
      entering the egg, an estimated 530 mol of lipid were stripped from each mol of
      HDLp-A, and 68% of the diacylglycerol fraction was converted to triacylglycerol.
      In addition, the two molecules of the low molecular weight apolipoprotein,
      apolipophorin-III, of HDLp-A were dissociated from the lipophorin particle. The
      VHDLp-E thus formed consisted of 80% protein and 20% lipid, 75% of which was
      phospholipid. HDLp-A labeled in vivo with [35S]methionine in its apoprotein
      moiety was injected into females at the onset of egg development, and its
      incorporation in a series of follicles at different stages of growth was
      measured. There was increased accumulation of [35S]HDLp-A in the follicles as
      they matured. The apoproteins of [35S]HDLp-A were not hydrolyzed when the
      particle was internalized by the follicle. In the accompanying paper we have
      presented the evidence that the apoproteins of HDLp-A are retained in the
      follicles (Kawooya, J.K., and Law, J.H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8748-8753).

PMID- 3379043
TI  - Role of lipophorin in lipid transport to the insect egg.
AB  - Lipid accounts for 40% of the dry weight of a mature Manduca sexta egg. Less than
      1% of the total egg lipid is derived from de novo synthesis by the follicles. The
      remaining egg lipid originates in the fat body and is transported to the ovary by
      lipoproteins. Vitellogenin, the major egg yolk lipoprotein, accounts for 5% of
      the total egg lipid. The remaining 95% lipid is attributable to the hemolymph
      lipophorins, adult high density lipophorin (HDLp-A) and low density lipophorin
      (LDLp). When HDLp-A that is dual labeled with 3H in the diacylglycerol fraction
      and 35S in the protein moiety is incubated with follicles in vitro, the ratio of
      3H:35S in the incubation medium does not vary and is similar to the ratio of the
      labels that are associated with the follicles. In an accompanying paper (Kawooya,
      J. K., Osir, E. O., and Law, J. H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8740-8747), we show
      that HDLp-A is sequestered by the follicles without subsequent hydrolysis of its
      apoproteins. These results, together with those presented in this paper, support
      our conclusion that HDLp-A is not recycled back into the hemolymph after it is
      internalized by the follicles and, therefore, does not function as a reusable
      lipid shuttle between the fat body and the ovary. When follicles are incubated
      with dual labeled LDLp, the diacylglycerol component of the particle is
      internalized by the follicles without concomitant endocytosis of its associated
      apoproteins. This LDLp particle is the major vehicle by which lipid is delivered
      to the ovary.

PMID- 3379044
TI  - Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA clone encoding lysosomal membrane glycoprotein
      mouse LAMP-1. Sequence similarity to proteins bearing onco-differentiation
      antigens.
AB  - We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone encoding the mouse LAMP-1 (mLAMP-1)
      major lysosomal membrane glycoprotein. The deduced protein sequence, which
      included the NH2-terminal portion of the mLAMP-1 molecule, consisted of 382 amino
      acids (Mr 41,509). The predicted structure of this protein included an NH2
      terminal intralumenal domain consisting of two homology units of approximately
      160 residues each separated by a proline-rich hinge region. Each homology unit
      contained four cysteine residues with two intercysteine intervals of 36-38
      residues and one of 68 or 76 residues. The molecule also contained 20 asparagine
      linked glycosylation sites within residues 1-287, a membrane-spanning region from
      residues 347 to 370, and a carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of 12 residues.
      The biochemical properties and amino acid sequence of mLAMP-1 were highly similar
      to those of two other molecules that have been studied as cell surface onco
      differentiation antigens: a highly sialylated polylactosaminoglycan-containing
      glycoprotein isolated from human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (Viitala, J.,
      Carlsson, S. R., Siebert, P. D., and Fukuda, M. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 85, in press) and the mouse gp130 (P2B) glycoprotein, in which an increase
      in beta 1-6 branching of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides has been correlated
      with metastatic potential in certain tumor cells (Dennis, J.W., Laferte, S.,
      Waghorne, C., Breitman, M.L., and Kerbel, R.S. (1987) Science 236, 582-585).

PMID- 3379045
TI  - Dissection of membrane protein degradation mechanisms by reversible inhibitors.
AB  - The degradation of slowly turning over 125I-lactoperoxidase-labeled plasma
      membrane polypeptides in response to reversible temperature and lysosomotropic
      inhibitors was studied in rat hepatoma cultures. Cells were radiolabeled and left
      for 24 h to allow the removal of rapidly degraded proteins. Remaining
      trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein was degraded (t 1/2 = 40-68 h) by an
      apparent first order process 60-86% sensitive to 10 mM NH4Cl or 5 mM methylamine
      and greater than 95% inhibited by temperature reduction to 18 degrees C. Thus,
      membrane proteins are selected for degradation in a time-dependent manner by a
      system which is sensitive to both 18 degrees C and to lysosomotropic amines. When
      inhibitory conditions were removed after 40-48 h, degradation of 125I-labeled
      protein resumed at the same rate as that seen in their absence. Since membrane
      proteins do not exhibit accelerated degradation after removal of inhibitory
      conditions, there can be no marking or sorting of those proteins destined for
      degradation during the 40-h exposure to inhibitory conditions. Exposure to amines
      or 18 degrees C did not affect the position of two-dimensionally resolved labeled
      polypeptides. Fractionation of labeled cells on Percoll gradients after 40 h of
      exposure to low temperature or amines showed that labeled protein remained in the
      plasma membrane fractions of the gradient although shifted to a slightly lower
      buoyant density in the presence of amines. These results support the notion that
      selection of plasma membrane proteins for degradation requires their
      internalization into acidic vesicles. Lysosomotropic amines and reduced
      temperature interfere with the selection process by preventing membrane fusion
      events.

PMID- 3379046
TI  - Purine accumulation in human fat cell suspensions. Evidence that human adipocytes
      release inosine and hypoxanthine rather than adenosine.
AB  - Human adipocytes are of limited viability (7 +/- 2% release of lactate
      dehydrogenase/h) and contain active ectophosphatases which are capable of
      sequentially degrading ATP to adenosine. At densities of 30,000-40,000 cells/ml,
      human fat cell suspensions accumulated adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine, and
      their concentrations were 38 +/- 8, 120 +/- 10, and 31 +/- 7 nmol/liter after 3 h
      of incubation. Dipyridamole (10 mumol/liter), an inhibitor of nucleoside
      transport, caused a 5-7-fold increase in adenosine accumulation which was reduced
      by 85% on inhibition of ectophosphatases by beta-glycerophosphate and antibodies
      against ecto-5'-nucleotidase or alpha, beta-methylene 5'-adenosine diphosphate
      (10 mumol/liter), respectively, indicating that most of the adenosine is produced
      in the extracellular compartment. Accordingly, the spontaneous accumulation of
      adenosine was reduced beyond 5 nmol/liter on inhibition of ectophosphatase
      activities or removal of extracellular AMP by AMP deaminase (4 units/ml). Added
      adenosine (30 nmol/liter) disappeared until its concentration approached 5
      nmol/liter. Isoproterenol (1 mumol/liter) had no effect on adenosine accumulation
      regardless whether purine production from extracellular sources was minimized or
      not. In contrast to adenosine, the concentrations of inosine and hypoxanthine
      displayed only a modest decrease (30-50%) on inhibition of ectophosphatase
      activities. In addition, isoproterenol caused a 2-3-fold increase in inosine and
      hypoxanthine production which was concentration-dependent and could be inhibited
      by propranolol. It is concluded that the adenosine that accumulates in human
      adipocyte suspensions is almost exclusively derived from adenine nucleotides
      which are released by leaking cells. By contrast, inosine and hypoxanthine are
      produced inside the cells, and the release of these latter purines appears to be
      linked to ATP turnover via adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 3379047
TI  - Structure and function of the myoglobin containing octaethylhemin as a prosthetic
      group.
AB  - Spectrophotometric titration of ferric octaethylporphyrin (OEP) with apomyoglobin
      revealed their 1:1 complex formation. Proton NMR spectrum of the OEP
      reconstituted deoxymyoglobin exhibits an exchangeable peak from the proximal F8
      histidine at 78.5 ppm, indicating the incorporation of iron OEP into the heme
      cavity to form the Fe-N(His-F8) bond. OEP metmyoglobin without external ligand
      has an iron-bound water that deprotonates above pH 7.8. Affinities of the
      aquometmyoglobin for several ionic ligands were comparable with those of native
      metmyoglobin. Deoxy OEP myoglobin at 25 degrees C reversibly binds oxygen with an
      affinity of P50 = 0.8 mm Hg, which is similar to that of native protein. These
      results indicate that iron OEP serves as a prosthetic group for myoglobin with
      normal function, despite the significant structural and electronic difference
      between OEP and protoporphyrin. The unexpected functional similarity between
      native and OEP myoglobins was interpreted in terms of a structural perturbation
      at the heme distal site caused by introduction of bulky OEP into the heme pocket.

PMID- 3379048
TI  - Uptake of iron from transferrin by isolated rat hepatocytes. A redox-mediated
      plasma membrane process?
AB  - The uptake of iron from transferrin by isolated rat hepatocytes varies in
      parallel with plasma membrane NADH:ferricyanide oxidoreductase activity, is
      inhibited by ferricyanide, ferric, and ferrous iron chelators, divalent
      transition metal cations, and depends on calcium ions. Iron uptake does not
      depend on endosomal acidification or endocytosis of transferrin. The results are
      compatible with a model in which iron, at transferrin concentrations above that
      needed to saturate the transferrin receptor, is taken up from transferrin
      predominantly by mechanisms located to or contiguous with the plasma membrane.
      The process involves labilization and reduction of transferrin-bound iron by
      cooperative proton and electron fluxes. A model which combines the plasma
      membrane mechanism and the receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism is presented.

PMID- 3379049
TI  - Phagocyte NADPH-oxidase. Studies with flavin analogues as active site probes in
      triton X-100-solubilized preparations.
AB  - NADPH-oxidase of stimulated human neutrophil membranes was solubilized in Triton
      X-100 and activity reconstituted with FAD, 8-F-FAD, 8-phenyl-S-FAD, and 8-S-FAD.
      The enzyme had similar affinities for all the flavins with Km values in the 60-80
      nM range. Vmax was found to increase 4-fold with increasing redox midpoint
      potential of the flavin. 8-F-FAD reconstituted with the enzyme was reactive
      toward thiophenol, suggesting exposure of the 8-position to solvent, a finding
      supported by unsuccessful attempts to label the enzyme with the photoaffinity
      probe 8-N3-[32P]FAD. Solubilized oxidase stabilized the red thiolate form of 8-S
      FAD, a characteristic of flavoproteins of the dehydrogenase/electron transferase
      classes which stabilize the blue neutral form of the flavin semiquinone radical.

PMID- 3379051
TI  - Sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in mammalian cells. II. Identification of
      glycosaminoglycan-like chains attached to complex-type glycans.
AB  - In the preceding paper (Roux, L., Holojda, S., Sundblad, G., Freeze, H. H., and
      Varki, A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8879-8889) we described the metabolic
      labeling and isolation of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides from mammalian cell
      lines. All cell lines studied contained a class of sulfated sialylated complex
      type chains with 2-6 negative charges. In this paper, we show that bovine
      pulmonary arterial endothelial (CPAE) and human erythroleukemia (K562) cell lines
      also contain a class of more highly charged sulfated but less sialylated
      oligosaccharides. These molecules were further characterized by ion exchange
      chromatography and various enzymatic and chemical treatments. In both cell lines
      they contained greater than 6 negative charges, but those from K562 were even
      more highly charged than those from CPAE. Nitrous acid, heparinase, and
      heparitinase degradation of K562 oligosaccharides released 88, 64, and 78%,
      respectively, of 35S label. Combined digestion with the two enzymes resulted in
      87% release. The corresponding values for CPAE were 48, 25, and 50% (60% for the
      two enzymes together). Chondroitinase ABC (or AC) digestion of K562 and CPAE
      oligosaccharides released 10 and 5%, respectively. About 30% of the 35S-labeled
      oligosaccharides from CPAE were sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase, indicating
      that poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine structures were present on some chains. Highly
      charged [3H]mannose-labeled sulfated oligosaccharides from CPAE cells became
      neutral after treatment with heparinase/heparitinase but were resistant to
      Pronase, further proving that glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-like chains were directly
      attached to N-linked oligosaccharides. Such neutralized oligosaccharides did not
      bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose, but some interacted with phytohemagglutinin L4,
      indicating that they were bi-, tri-, or tetra-antennary complex-type chains.
      Thus, K562 and CPAE cells contain different types of GAG chains directly attached
      to asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Such molecules were not found in many
      other cell lines that synthesize the more typical O-linked GAG chains. This
      suggests that the occurrence of these novel N-linked chains is not a random event
      resulting from accidental initiation of GAG chain synthesis on N-linked
      intermediates in the Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 3379050
TI  - Sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in mammalian cells. I. Complex-type chains
      with sialic acids and O-sulfate esters.
AB  - The structures of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides have been reported for a few
      specific proteins. We recently demonstrated that such oligosaccharides occur in
      many different types of tissue culture cell lines (Freeze, H. H., and Varki, A.
      (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 140, 967-973). Here we report improved
      methods to metabolically label cell lines with 35SO4 and to release sulfated N
      linked oligosaccharides with peptide:N-glycosidase F as well as the partial
      structure of some of these novel oligosaccharides. The released 35SO4-labeled
      chains from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and bovine pulmonary artery
      endothelial cells (CPAE) were characterized by gel filtration, anion exchange and
      lectin affinity chromatography, and various enzymatic and chemical treatments.
      Each cell line contains a class of sulfated oligosaccharide chains bearing from
      two to six negative charges in varying combinations of O-sulfate esters and
      sialic acids. These molecules represent a significant proportion of both the
      total 35SO4 label and the total anionic N-linked oligosaccharides. They are also
      relatively enriched in a CHO mutant that is deficient in glycosaminoglycan chain
      synthesis. Lectin affinity chromatography of such molecules from CPAE cells
      indicates that the majority are sialylated multiantennary complex-type chains.
      The sulfate esters are exclusively of the primary type. Sequential exoglycosidase
      digestions, including beta-hexosaminidase A treatment at low pH, demonstrate that
      at least one-third of these sulfate esters are found in the following structure,
      (formula; see text) where R is the remainder of the underlying oligosaccharide,
      and SA is sialic acid. In addition to these molecules, a more highly charged
      group of sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides sharing structural features with
      glycosaminoglycans was found in CPAE cells, but not in CHO cells. These are
      described in the following paper (Sundblad, G., Holojda, S., Roux, L., Varki, A.,
      and Freeze, H. H. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8890-8896).

PMID- 3379052
TI  - Sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in mammalian cells. III. Characterization of a
      pancreatic carcinoma cell surface glycoprotein with N- and O-sulfate esters on
      asparagine-linked glycans.
AB  - In the preceding two papers, we described two new classes of sulfated N-linked
      oligosaccharides isolated from total cellular 35SO4-labeled macromolecules of
      different mammalian cell lines. The first class carries various combinations of
      sialic acids and 6-O-sulfate esters on typical complex-type chains, while the
      second carries heparin and heparan-like sequences. In this study, we have
      characterized a sulfophosphoglycoprotein of 140 kDa from FG-Met-2 pancreatic
      cancer cells whose oligosaccharides share some properties of both these classes.
      The molecule was localized to the cell surface by electron microscopy using a
      monoclonal antibody (S3-53) and by cell surface 125I-labeling. Metabolic labeling
      of the cells with radioactive glucosamine, methionine, inorganic sulfate, or
      phosphate all demonstrated a single 140-kDa molecule. Pulse-chase analysis and
      tunicamycin treatment indicated the glycosylation of a putative primary
      translation product of 110 kDa via an intermediate (120 kDa) to the mature form
      (140 kDa). Digestion with peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGaseF) indicated a minimum
      of four N-linked glycosylation sites. PNGaseF released more than 90% of the [6
      3H]GlcNH2 label and 40-70% of 35SO4 label from the immunoprecipitated 140-kDa
      molecule. The isolated oligosaccharides were characterized as described in the
      preceding two papers. The majority of [6-3H]GlcNH2-labeled molecules were
      susceptible to neuraminidase. More than 50% of the 35SO4 label was associated
      with only 5-10% of the 3H-labeled chains. Some of the sulfated chains were partly
      sialylated molecules with four to five negative charges. Treatment with nitrous
      acid released about 25% of the 35SO4 label as free sulfate, together with 6% of
      the [6-3H]GlcNH2 label, indicating the presence of N-sulfated glucosamine
      residues. Some of these oligosaccharides were degraded by heparinase and
      heparitinase. Therefore, while they are not as highly charged as typical heparin
      or heparan chains, they must share structural features that permit recognition by
      the enzymes. Thus, this 140-kDa glycoprotein contains at least four asparagine
      linked chains substituted with a heterogeneous mixture of sulfated sequences. The
      heterogeneity of these molecules is as extensive as that described for whole-cell
      sulfated N-linked oligosaccharides in the preceding two papers.

PMID- 3379053
TI  - Multivalent control of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.
      Mevalonate-derived product inhibits translation of mRNA and accelerates
      degradation of enzyme.
AB  - The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) is
      subject to multivalent feedback suppression mediated by sterols and non-sterol
      substances derived from mevalonate, the product of the enzyme. To dissect the
      mechanism for this multivalent effect, Chinese hamster ovary cells were incubated
      with sterols contained in plasma lipoproteins and with a high concentration (100
      microM) of compactin, an inhibitor of the reductase. Under these conditions, the
      amounts of HMG-CoA reductase protein and catalytic activity were high, although
      the cells were saturated with sterols, as reflected by active synthesis of
      cholesteryl esters. The amount of enzyme fell by 99% when the cells received
      excess mevalonate in addition to sterols. This decline was not associated with a
      fall in levels of reductase messenger RNA (mRNA). Rather, it was attributable to
      an 80% decline in translation of the mRNA, coupled with a 5-fold increase in the
      rate of degradation of reductase protein, as revealed by pulse-chase experiments
      with [35S]methionine. Considered together with previous data, these findings
      suggest a multilevel mechanism for multivalent regulation of HMG-CoA reductase.
      We suggest that sterols suppress the enzyme incompletely by partially repressing
      transcription of the gene and that nonsterol products derived from mevalonate
      further reduce the enzyme by inhibiting translation of the mRNA. Sterols and non
      sterol products, acting together, accelerate the degradation of reductase
      protein. This combination of transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls can
      regulate the amount of reductase protein over a several hundred-fold range in
      animal cells.

PMID- 3379054
TI  - Induction of ferritin subunit synthesis by iron is regulated at both the
      transcriptional and translational levels.
AB  - Synthesis of the iron storage protein ferritin is induced in rat liver by iron
      administration, the ferritin L subunit being preferentially stimulated over the H
      subunit. To examine the basis for this differential regulation of the two
      subunits, the transcription rates of the L and H genes, the total cellular levels
      of L and H subunit mRNA, and the distribution of the mRNAs between a stored
      ribonucleoprotein form and the polysomes were examined in rat liver at several
      times after iron injection. Iron caused a rapid increase in transcription of the
      L subunit gene, followed by a rise in L mRNA levels, whereas H subunit gene
      transcription and H mRNA levels did not increase significantly. Differential
      transcriptional regulation of ferritin L and H mRNA levels by iron contrasted
      with the coordinate control of the two subunit mRNAs at the translational level.
      On giving iron, there was a rapid and synchronous shift of both mRNAs from the
      ribonucleoprotein fraction onto the polysomes, the same proportion of each mRNA
      being mobilized. Thus, regulation of ferritin subunit synthesis at these two
      levels allows both a rapid translational response and a specific transcriptional
      response to increased intracellular iron levels.

PMID- 3379056
TI  - DNA polymerase alpha-primase from calf thymus. Determination of the polypeptide
      responsible for primase activity.
AB  - Immunoaffinity-purified DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex from calf thymus
      consists of subunits with molecular weights of 148,000-180,000, 73,000, 59,000,
      and 48,000 (Nasheuer, H.-P., and Grosse, F. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 8458-8466).
      Primase activity was separated from the immobilized complex by washing
      extensively with 2 M KCl or, alternatively, by shifting to pH 11.5 in the
      presence of 1 M KCl. From both elution procedures, the primase activity was found
      to be associated with the polypeptides with molecular weights of 59,000 and
      48,000. The specific activity, using either elution procedure, was 30,000
      units/mg. Both polypeptides sedimented together at 5.7 S upon zonal
      centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Primase activity was found in the flow
      through fraction after DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the free primase.
      Analysis of this fraction by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed
      only one band with a Mr of 48,000. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the
      Mr 59,000 and 48,000 polypeptides. The anti-Mr 59,000 antibody affected the
      primase activity only marginally, whereas the anti-Mr 48,000 antibody inhibited
      the primase activity nearly completely. UV cross-linking of the DNA polymerase
      alpha-primase complex with alpha-32P-labeled GTP revealed a binding site at the
      Mr 48,000 polypeptide, but none at the other subunits of the complex. Taken
      together, these results suggest that the Mr 48,000 polypeptide bears the active
      site of the DNA primase activity. The Mr 59,000 polypeptide stabilizes the
      primase activity.

PMID- 3379055
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of canine cardiac calsequestrin deduced by cDNA
      cloning.
AB  - cDNA cloning was used to deduce the complete amino acid sequence of canine
      cardiac calsequestrin, the principal Ca2+-binding protein of cardiac junctional
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cardiac calsequestrin contains 391 amino acid residues
      plus a 19-residue amino-terminal signal sequence. The molecular weight of the
      mature protein, excluding carbohydrate, is 45,269. Cardiac calsequestrin is
      highly acidic, and a striking feature is the enrichment of acidic residues (60%)
      within the 63 carboxyl-terminal residues. No part of the sequence contains EF
      hand Ca2+-binding structures. The photo-affinity probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m
      [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine was used to localize the Ca2+-regulated hydrophobic
      site to amino acid residues 192-223. The cardiac and skeletal muscle isoforms of
      calsequestrin (Fliegel, L., Ohnishi, M., Carpenter, M. R., Khanna, V. K.,
      Reithmeier, R. A. F., and MacLennan, D. H. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
      84, 1167-1171), although the products of different genes, are 65% identical, are
      acidic, and share one glycosylation site. However, cardiac calsequestrin has
      several unique features. First, it has a 31-amino acid extension at its carboxyl
      terminus (residues 361-391), which contains 71% acidic residues and a second
      glycosylation site. Second, its mRNA contains a second open reading frame with
      the capacity to code for a 111-amino acid protein. Third, contrary to the
      restricted expression of the fast skeletal isoform, cardiac calsequestrin mRNA is
      present in both cardiac and slow skeletal muscle, but not in fast skeletal
      muscle. We conclude that the deduced amino acid sequence of cardiac calsequestrin
      is consistent with its ability to bind large amounts of Ca2+ (40 mol of Ca2+/mol
      of calsequestrin). The protein probably binds Ca2+ by acting as a charged surface
      rather than by presenting multiple discrete Ca2+-binding sites.

PMID- 3379057
TI  - Two distinct species of human growth hormone-variant mRNA in the human placenta
      predict the expression of novel growth hormone proteins.
AB  - We have sought direct evidence for the in vivo expression of the human growth
      hormone-variant (hGH-V) gene by screening a placental cDNA library with a hGH-V
      specific oligonucleotide. Nine independent hGH-V cDNA clones were isolated and
      analyzed, and three distinct species were detected. Five of these hGH-V cDNAs
      represent mRNAs spliced and processed in a pattern analogous to that of the
      highly homologous human growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin gene
      transcripts. Each of the remaining four hGH-V cDNAs contains an additional
      segment of 253 nucleotides corresponding in position and sequence to the fourth
      intron of the hGH-V gene. In addition, one of the mRNAs in this second group uses
      an alternative downstream polyadenylation site. The alternatively spliced hGH-V
      mRNA, which we refer to as hGH-V2 mRNA, constitutes approximately 30% of the hGH
      V transcripts both in the human term placenta and in a stable mouse fibroblast
      line expressing the transfected hGH-V gene. The placental expression of the hGH-V
      gene is specific to villous tissue. The hGH-V2 mRNA is predicted to encode a
      protein which substitutes the 65 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of hGH-V with a
      new 104-residue carboxyl terminus resulting in significant divergence in their
      relative physical properties. The alternative splicing of the hGH-V transcripts
      to hGH-V and hGH-V2 mRNAs expands the potential complexity of the hGH-V gene's
      role in normal placental function.

PMID- 3379058
TI  - Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA encoding the decarboxylase (E1)alpha precursor
      of bovine branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Expression of E1
      alpha mRNA and subunit in maple-syrup-urine-disease and 3T3-L1 cells.
AB  - A cDNA clone encoding the entire decarboxylase (E1)alpha precursor of the bovine
      branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex has been isolated from a
      lambda ZAP library prepared from bovine liver poly(A)+ RNA. Nucleotide sequencing
      indicates that this E1 alpha cDNA clone is 1821 base pairs (bp) in length with an
      open reading frame of 1365 bp and a 3'-untranslated region of 356 bp. A
      polyadenylation signal of the type AATAAA is located 27 bp upstream of the start
      of a poly(A)+ tail. There is a pair of identical 32-bp direct repeats of unknown
      function at the 5'-end of the cDNA. The bovine E1 alpha cDNA encodes a leader
      peptide of 55 residues including three candidate initiation methionines, and a
      mature E1 alpha of 400 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 45,385. The deduced
      primary structure shows the published peptide sequences flanking the two
      phosphorylation sites and the amino-terminal sequence (residues 1-32) of bovine
      E1 alpha determined in this study. The phosphoserine-bearing regions appear to be
      homologous between bovine E1 alpha and human pyruvate decarboxylase-alpha
      subunits, with respect to both amino acid identity and the position in each
      polypeptide chain. Northern blot analysis using the bovine E1 alpha cDNA as probe
      shows the presence of a single species of E1 alpha mRNA (2 kilobase pairs) in
      bovine liver, human placenta, and skin fibroblasts. Moreover, the E1 alpha mRNA
      exists in normal size and quantity in cultured fibroblasts derived from a maple
      syrup-urine-disease homozygote deficient in E1 activity. The results preclude a
      defect in the transcription and processing of E1 alpha mRNA in these maple-syrup
      urine-disease cells. Studies with 3T3-L1 cells show that a single species of E1
      alpha mRNA (2 kilobase pairs) is expressed in the cells and that contents of the
      murine E1 alpha mRNA and subunit are markedly elevated during the differentiation
      of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. The results indicate that the induction
      of murine E1 activity during adipocyte differentiation occurs at the
      pretranslational level.

PMID- 3379059
TI  - Myosin alkali light chain and heavy chain variations correlate with altered
      shortening velocity of isolated skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - This study examines the myosin isozyme heterogeneity (in terms of both alkali
      light chains and myosin heavy chains) among skeletal muscle fibers of the rabbit
      and correlates these isozyme differences with the differences in a contractile
      property, the velocity of unloaded shortening, of the fibers. The mean velocities
      of unloaded shortening (pCa 4.3; 12 degrees C) were as follows: psoas IIb fibers,
      2.07 fiber lengths/s (n = 25); tibialis anterior (IIb) fibers, 1.63 fiber
      lengths/s (n = 18); vastus intermedius IIa fibers, 0.98 fiber lengths/s (n = 15);
      fibers (IIa) from chronically stimulated tibialis anterior, 0.86 fiber lengths/s
      (n = 16). Peptide maps of the myosins showed that the myosin heavy chains of the
      two groups of IIb fibers were indistinguishable from each other, but different
      from the heavy chains of the IIa fibers. However, the difference in maximal
      shortening velocity of the two groups of IIb fibers was correlated with a
      difference in the alkali light chain ratio deduced from the intensity ratio of
      myosin isoforms separated by gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions.
      The vastus intermedius (IIa) and chronically stimulated tibialis anterior (IIa)
      fibers were indistinguishable in terms of either velocities of unloaded
      shortening or myosin isozyme contents. Soleus fibers contained only slow-twitch
      myosin. Thus, among fibers that contained a variety of myosin isozymes,
      differences in shortening velocities were correlated with the alkali light chain
      ratio, myosin heavy chain type, or a combination of both.

PMID- 3379060
TI  - Heparin-copper biaffinity chromatography of fibroblast growth factors.
AB  - A novel method is described to separate and identify the various forms of
      fibroblast growth factor (FGF) based on their differential affinities for both
      heparin and copper. FGFs were extracted from bovine hypothalamus and purified by
      batchwise adsorption to heparin-Sepharose. The partially purified FGFs were then
      applied to an affinity column prepared by mixing equal portions of heparin
      Sepharose and copper-Sepharose. The column was rinsed consecutively with the
      following four reagents: (i) 2 M NaCl, (ii) 0.6 M NaCl, (iii) 0.6 M NaCl plus 10
      mM imidazole, and (iv) 0.6 m NaCl. FGFs were then eluted with a linear
      NaCl/imidazole gradient (from 0.6 m NaCl without imidazole to 2 M NaCl plus 10 mM
      imidazole). Fractions eluted from the column were analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-gel electrophoresis with silver staining and electrophoretic immunoblot
      using site-specific antibodies against basic and acidic FGF. The results
      demonstrate that it is possible to resolve from hypothalamus at least two basic
      FGF species (with Mr values of 19,000 and 18,000) and three acidic FGF species
      (with Mr values of 18,000, 16,400, and 15,600). These findings indicate that
      heparin-copper biaffinity chromatography may have wide applicability in the study
      of the structure and activity of FGFs.

PMID- 3379061
TI  - Altered turnover of allelic variants of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase is
      associated with N-terminal amino acid sequence variation.
AB  - The results of our previous studies suggested that differences in the primary
      structures of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) A and B proteins
      (EC 2.4.2.8) of mice are associated with altered turnover of these proteins in
      reticulocytes. On the basis of nucleotide sequence comparisons of their
      corresponding cDNAs, we show here that the HPRT A and B proteins differ at two
      positions; there is an alanine/proline substitution at amino acid position 2 and
      a valine/alanine substitution at amino acid position 29 (HPRT A/B proteins,
      respectively; total protein length, 218 amino acids). On the basis of results
      obtained from sequencing of the N termini of the purified HPRT A and B proteins,
      we also show that these amino acid substitutions are associated with differences
      in processing of the proteins; HPRT B, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Pro,
      has a free N-terminal proline residue; HPRT A, which is encoded as N-terminal Met
      Ala, lacks a free N-terminal alpha-amino group and is presumed to be acetylated
      following removal of the N-terminal methionine (i.e. AcO-Ala). These observations
      are discussed in reference to the idea that the N terminus of a protein plays a
      role in determining the rate at which the protein is degraded in erythroid cells.

PMID- 3379062
TI  - Structurally distinctive vasoactive intestinal peptides from rat basophilic
      leukemia cells.
AB  - Peptides recognized by rabbit antibodies to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
      were extracted from diisopropyl fluorophosphate-treated rat basophilic leukemia
      (RBL) cells and resolved by filtration on Sephadex G-25 in 50 mM acetic acid. The
      immunoreactive VIPs of RBL cells eluted from Sephadex G-25 at 35-41%, 53-60%, and
      69-73% bed volume, but not at 63-68% as for the neuropeptide VIP1-28. The two
      forms of immunoreactive VIP larger than VIP1-28 reacted with antibodies to both
      VIP1-9 and VIP10-28, but the smallest was bound only by antibodies to VIP10-28.
      The smallest immunoreactive VIP was purified by ion-exchange and reverse-phase
      high-performance liquid chromatography, and the amino acid sequence was
      determined to be that of VIP10-28 with asparagine-free acid at the carboxyl
      terminus rather than the amide of VIP neuropeptide. Challenge of RBL cells with 1
      microM ionophore A23187 at 37 degrees C released VIP10-28 rapidly to a mean of
      75% at 5 min and 77% at 30 min. The VIP generated and released by mast cells thus
      consists of a mixture of peptides that all differ structurally from the
      neuropeptide VIP.

PMID- 3379063
TI  - Amino acid sequence of bovine spleen cathepsin B.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequence of bovine spleen cathepsin B was determined by
      manual and automatic Edman degradation of fragments prepared by proteolytic or
      chemical digestion of the enzyme. The single-chain form of the enzyme consists of
      253 amino acid residues and its Mr is 27,468 (carbohydrate moiety not included).
      The light chain (residues 1-47) and the heavy chain (residues 50-253) of the
      enzyme are linked by the sequence -Gly-Arg (residues 48 and 49) in the single
      chain form. Bovine spleen cathepsin B shows 80% sequence homology with cathepsins
      B from other species. An outstanding feature of bovine spleen cathepsin B not
      observed with the other cathepsins B is the presence of two additional half
      cystine residues.

PMID- 3379064
TI  - Complete amino acid sequences of a pair of fish (tilapia) prolactins, tPRL177 and
      tPRL188.
AB  - The complete amino acid sequences of a pair of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
      prolactins (PRLs) were determined. The larger PRL of molecular mass 20,836 Da
      consists of 188 amino acid residues. The smaller PRL of molecular mass 19,584 Da
      is 11 residues shorter. On alignment of the two sequences, the 19.6-kDa PRL
      (tPRL177) has two conspicuous deletions on the NH2-terminal side of the disulfide
      bond which connects the first and second cysteine residues. The degree of
      similarity between the two PRL sequences is unexpectedly low (130 identical
      residues, 69%) compared with that between the variants of other teleostean PRLs.
      Circular dichroism spectra and hydropathy profiles suggest structural similarity
      of the two PRLs. The sequence of the 20.8-kDa PRL (tPRL188) has 69% identity with
      that of salmon PRL. The sequence of tPRL177 is 56% identical with that of salmon
      PRL. Each tilapia PRL is equally similar to mammalian PRLs (about 30% identical
      residues). Regions highly conserved among teleostean and mammalian PRLs were
      identified on the COOH-terminal side of the disulfide bond connecting the first
      and second cysteine residues.

PMID- 3379065
TI  - Microcalorimetric investigation of the interaction of calmodulin with
      seminalplasmin and myosin light chain kinase.
AB  - Flow microcalorimetric titrations of calmodulin with seminalplasmin at 25 degrees
      C revealed that the high affinity one-to-one complex in the presence of Ca2+
      (Comte, M., Malnoe, A., and Cox, J. A. (1986) Biochem. J. 240, 567-573) is
      entirely enthalpy-driven (delta H0 = -50 kJ.mol-1; delta S0 = O J.K-1.mol-1;
      delta Cp0 = O J.K-1.mol-1) and is not influenced by the proton or Mg2+
      concentration. The Sr2+- and Cd2+-promoted high affinity complexes are also
      exothermic for -49 and -45 kJ.mol-1, respectively. The observed low affinity
      interaction in the absence of divalent ions displays no enthalpy change. No
      enthalpy changes are observed when calmodulin and seminalplasmin are mixed in the
      presence of millimolar concentrations of Mg2+, Zn2+, or Mn2+. Enthalpy titrations
      of the 1:1 calmodulin-seminalplasmin complex with Ca2+ and of partly Ca2+
      saturated calmodulin with seminalplasmin revealed that only the species
      calmodulin.Can greater than or equal to 2 is fully competent for high affinity
      interaction with seminalplasmin. Binding of the second Ca2+ is strongly enhanced
      (K2 greater than or equal to 5 X 10(7) M-1) as compared to that in free
      calmodulin (K2 = 2.6 X 10(5) M-1). This is essentially due to the concomitant
      strongly exothermic step of isomerization of the calmodulin-seminalplasmin
      complex from its low to its high affinity form. Binding of the remaining two Ca2+
      to the high affinity seminalplasmin-calmodulin complex displays the same affinity
      constants and endothermic enthalpy change as in free calmodulin. A
      microcalorimetric study on the complex formation between Ca2+-saturated
      calmodulin and turkey gizzard myosin light chain kinase revealed that the
      interaction is strongly exothermic with an important overall gain of order (delta
      H0 = -85 kJ.mol-1; delta S0 = -122 J.K-1.mol-1) and occurs with significant
      proton uptake (0.44 H+ per mol at pH 7.5). The observed low affinity interaction
      (K = 2.2 X 10(5) M-1) in the absence of Ca2+ (Mamar-Bachi, A., and Cox, J. A.
      (1987) Cell Calcium 8, 473-482) displays neither a change in enthalpy nor in
      protonation.

PMID- 3379066
TI  - Proteolytic processing of egg-laying hormone-related precursors in Aplysia.
      Identification of peptide regions critical for biological activity.
AB  - The atrial gland of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica is an exocrine organ
      that expresses at least three genes belonging to the egg-laying hormone (ELH)
      family. In order to study the post-translational processing of the ELH-related
      gene products in the atrial gland and how it compares to the bag cells, peptides
      were isolated from the atrial gland and chemically characterized. The A- and B
      related precursors were each cleaved in vivo to yield several major and minor
      peptides including peptides A and B and the ELH-related peptide complexes that
      caused egg laying. About 13% of the peptide complexes were further enzymically
      processed by the atrial gland to yield smaller fragments, which included A-AP.A
      ELH-(15-36), A-AP.[Ala27]A-ELH-(15-36), and A-AP.[Gln23,Ala27]A-ELH-(16-36),
      where A-AP is an acidic peptide encoded by the A- and B-related genes and A-ELH
      is an ELH-related peptide encoded by the A gene. These processed peptide
      fragments were not active in an egg-laying bioassay, indicating that retention of
      the 14-residue NH2-terminal segment of the A-ELH-related sequence, or some
      portion thereof, was critical for the induction of egg laying. Other
      characterized peptides included two novel 13-residue NH2-terminal peptides, A-NTP
      and B-NTP, representing residues 22-34 of the A and B precursors, respectively.
      These two peptides occurred adjacent to the signal peptide region in each
      precursor, and their characterization established the site of signal peptide
      cleavage to be the Ser21-Gln22 peptide bond of each precursor. Intermediate
      peptide fragments (A-NTP-peptide A and B-NTP-peptide B) were also identified
      indicating that there was a specific ordering in the cleavage of peptide bonds
      during posttranslational processing. Finally, a new 55-residue atrial gland
      peptide was also isolated that was not a part of any ELH-related precursor
      characterized to date.

PMID- 3379067
TI  - 7-Iron ferredoxin revisited.
AB  - The crystal structure of the 7Fe ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii has been
      redetermined using area detector data to 2.7-A resolution and a new derivative.
      Tetragonal crystals of the protein were maintained at pH 8.0. The results show
      that the structure previously reported was in error and confirms a recent
      independent report of the structure (Stout, G.H., Turley, S., Sieker, L. C., and
      Jensen, L. H. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, in press). The protein
      fold is similar to the homologous 8Fe ferredoxin structure for the N-terminal
      half of the protein; the C-terminal residues wrap around this structure. The
      structure contains a 3Fe cluster coordinated by cysteines 8, 16, and 49 and a 4Fe
      cluster coordinated by cysteines 20, 39, 42, and 45. However, there are two free
      sulfhydryls, cysteines 11 and 24, in the new model. Cysteine 24 is in contact
      with the [4Fe-4S] cluster. Cysteine 11 is shielded from solvent by residues 86
      90.

PMID- 3379068
TI  - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the isoamylase gene from Pseudomonas
      amyloderamosa SB-15.
AB  - The gene (iam) coding for isoamylase (glycogen 6-glucanohydrolase) of Pseudomonas
      amyloderamosa SB-15 was cloned. Its nucleotide sequence contained an open reading
      frame of 2313 nucleotides (771 amino acids) encoding a precursor of secreted
      isoamylase. The precursor contained a signal peptide of 26 amino acid residues at
      its amino terminus and three regions homologous with those conserved in alpha
      amylases (1,4-alpha-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) of species ranging from
      prokaryotes to eukaryotes. These homologous regions were also found in another
      debranching enzyme, pullulanase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase) from Klebsiella
      aerogenes. Sequences of the isoamylase also showed significant homology with
      those between positions 300 and the carboxyl terminus of pullulanase. The regions
      required for the specificity of isoamylase were discussed on the basis of a
      comparison of its amino acid sequence with those of alpha-amylases,
      cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases, and pullulanase.

PMID- 3379069
TI  - Purine nucleobase transport in human erythrocytes. Reinvestigation with a novel
      "inhibitor-stop" assay.
AB  - A novel "inhibitor-stop" method for the determination of initial rates of purine
      nucleobase transport in human erythrocytes has been developed, based on the
      addition of seven assay volumes of cold 19 mM papaverine to terminate influx. In
      view of our finding that the initial velocities of adenine, guanine, and
      hypoxanthine influx into human erythrocytes were linear for only 4-6 s at 37
      degrees C, the present method has been used to reexamine the kinetics of purine
      nucleobase transport in these cells. Initial influx rates of all three purine
      nucleobases were shown to be the result of concurrent facilitated and
      nonfacilitated diffusion. The nonfacilitated influx rates could be estimated
      either from the linear concentration dependence of nucleobase influx at high
      concentrations of permeant or from residual influx rates which were not inhibited
      by the presence of co-permeants. Appropriate corrections for nonfacilitated
      diffusion were made to the influx rates observed at low nucleobase
      concentrations. Kinetic analyses indicated that adenine (Km = 13 +/- 1 microM, n
      = 7), guanine (Km = 37 +/- 2 microM, n = 5), and hypoxanthine (Km = 180 +/- 12
      microM, n = 6) were mutually competitive substrates for transport. The Ki values
      obtained with each nucleobase as an inhibitor of the influx of the other
      nucleobases were similar to their respective Km values for influx. Furthermore,
      the transport of the purine nucleobases was not inhibited by nucleosides
      (uridine, inosine) or by inhibitors of nucleoside transport (6-[(4
      nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine, dilazep, dipyridamole). It is
      concluded that all three purine nucleobases share a common facilitated transport
      system in human erythrocytes which is functionally distinct from the nucleoside
      transporter.

PMID- 3379070
TI  - Acyclovir transport into human erythrocytes.
AB  - The mechanism of transport of the antiviral agent acyclovir (ACV) into human
      erythrocytes has been investigated. Initial velocities of ACV influx were
      determined with an "inhibitor-stop" assay that used papaverine to inhibit ACV
      influx rapidly and completely. ACV influx was nonconcentrative and appeared to be
      rate-saturable with a Km of 260 +/- 20 microM (n = 8). However, two lines of
      evidence indicate that ACV permeates the erythrocyte membrane by means other than
      the nucleoside transport system: 1) potent inhibitors (1.0 microM) of nucleoside
      transport (dipyridamole, 6-[(4-nitrobenzyl)thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine,
      and dilazep) had little (less than 8% inhibition) or no effect upon the influx of
      5.0 microM ACV; and 2) a 100-fold molar excess of several purine and pyrimidine
      nucleosides had no inhibitory effect upon the influx of 1.0 microM ACV. However,
      ACV transport was inhibited competitively by adenine (Ki = 9.5 microM), guanine
      (Ki = 25 microM), and hypoxanthine (Ki = 180 microM). Conversely, ACV was a
      competitive inhibitor (Ki = 240-280 microM) of the transport of adenine (Km = 13
      microM), guanine (Km = 37 microM), and hypoxanthine (Km = 180 microM).
      Desciclovir and ganciclovir, two compounds related structurally to ACV, were also
      found to be competitive inhibitors of acyclovir influx (Ki = 1.7 and 1.5 mM,
      respectively). These results indicate that ACV enters human erythrocytes chiefly
      via the same nucleobase carrier that transports adenine, guanine, and
      hypoxanthine.

PMID- 3379071
TI  - Abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor in malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated that skeletal muscle from individuals
      susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) has a defect associated with the
      mechanism of calcium release from its intracellular storage sites in the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this report we demonstrate that the [3H]ryanodine
      receptor of isolated MH-susceptible (MHS) porcine heavy SR exhibits an altered
      Ca2+ dependence of [3H]ryanodine binding at the low affinity Ca2+ site as well as
      a lower Kd for ryanodine (92 versus 265 nM) when compared to normal porcine SR.
      The Bmax of the normal and MHS [3H] ryanodine receptor (9.3-12.6 pmol/mg) was not
      significantly different, and analysis of MHS and normal SR proteins by sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis did not reveal a significant
      difference in the intensity of Coomassie Blue staining of the spanning
      protein/ryanodine receptor region of the gels (Mr greater than 300,000). We also
      find that MHS porcine muscle intact fiber bundles exhibit a 5-10-fold lower
      ryanodine threshold for twitch and tetanus inhibition, and contracture onset when
      compared to normal muscle. Since the SR ryanodine receptor is a calcium release
      channel as well as a component intimately involved in transverse tubule-SR
      communication, abnormalities in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor may be
      responsible for the abnormal SR calcium release and contractile properties
      demonstrated by MHS muscle.

PMID- 3379072
TI  - Platelet-activating factor induces glycogen degradation in fetal rabbit lung in
      utero.
AB  - The role of platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3
      phosphocholine) in initiating glycogen breakdown in the fetal rabbit lung was
      assessed by intraperitoneal administration of this potent ether-linked
      glycerophospholipid. Forty-five min after in utero injection of PAF (2.5 X 10(-7)
      mol), fetal pulmonary and hepatic glycogen concentrations were reduced from 326
      to 256 and from 9.8 to 6.6 micrograms of glycogen/mg protein, respectively.
      Glycolytic activity was similarly increased as judged by an elevation of lactate
      (2-fold) in lung, liver, and plasma upon PAF injection. These actions of PAF were
      dose- and time-dependent. The glycogenolytic response did not occur when an
      equimolar dose of the inactive enantiomer, D-PAF was injected. Pretreatment of
      the fetus with a specific PAF receptor antagonist, SRI-63-441, prevented the PAF
      response. We have previously demonstrated (Hoffman, D. R., Truong, C. T., and
      Johnston, J. M. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 879, 88-96) that PAF biosynthesis
      and PAF concentrations increase significantly on day 24 of fetal rabbit lung
      development. A concurrent decrease in pulmonary glycogen concentration at this
      point of gestation is potentially reflective of the PAF-induced action. Thus,
      these observations would suggest a role for PAF in the normal physiology of fetal
      lung maturation.

PMID- 3379073
TI  - Phospholipid requirement for expression of ice nuclei in Pseudomonas syringae and
      in vitro.
AB  - Delipidation of partially purified outer membranes of Pseudomonas syringae by
      various delipidating agents resulted in a significant loss of ice nucleation
      activity associated with the cell envelopes of this and other ice nucleation
      active bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide depletion of such membranes caused no
      reduction in ice nucleation activity. Both phospholipid content and ice
      nucleation activity of membranes were decreased by a similar fractional amount
      with time after treatment with phospholipase A2. A proportional quantitative
      relationship between loss of ice nucleation activity and lipid removal with
      increasing concentrations of sodium cholate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was
      also observed. Significant linear relationships between the amount of lipid
      removed by phospholipase A2, sodium cholate, and SDS and the loss of ice
      nucleation activity in P. syringae outer membranes were observed. However, the
      slopes of these linear relationships for membranes treated with phospholipase A2
      (m = 0.80), SDS (m = 0.94), and sodium cholate (m = 0.53) differed. The lower
      slope value for cholate-treated membranes indicated a partial substitution of
      sodium cholate for the phospholipids removed. The ice nucleation activity of
      delipidated outer membranes was restored by reconstitution with various
      phospholipids in a cholate dialysis procedure. Lipid classes differed in their
      ability to restore ice nucleation activity to sodium cholate-treated outer
      membranes. These results suggest that a hydrophobic environment provided either
      by lipids or certain detergent micelles is required for proper assembly and
      structural organization of an oligomeric ice protein complex enabling its
      expression as an ice nucleus.

PMID- 3379074
TI  - Large scale purification of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor from rat liver
      and sequence-specific binding of the receptor to DNA.
AB  - Methodology is reported for extracting thyroid hormone receptors from rat liver
      nuclei and for purifying these such that certain receptor properties can be
      examined. The extraction technique resulted in 1700 pmol of receptor/2 kg of
      liver and bypasses centrifugation in dense sucrose. The receptor was then
      purified by sequential heparin-Sepharose, DEAE-Sepharose, and phospho-Ultrogel
      chromatography and size exclusion and hydrophobic interaction high performance
      liquid chromatography. These steps yielded 23-35 micrograms of receptor at 0.7
      1.5% purity from two 2-kg liver preparations. The cross-linkers disuccinimidyl
      suberate and N-succinimidyl-6-(4-azido-2-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate were employed
      to covalently attach 125I-labeled 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) to the purified
      receptor. Autoradiography after denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      revealed major 49,000 Mr and minor 58,000 Mr specific T3-binding proteins. The
      purified receptors exhibited high affinity (Kd = 100 pM) single site T3-binding
      activity. Because of the high affinity and specificity of [125I]T3 for the
      receptor, it was possible to uniquely identify the receptor containing DNA
      protein complexes in a gel retardation assay and thus directly demonstrate for
      the first time that the receptor can specifically recognize sequences in the 5'
      flanking DNA of the rat growth hormone gene. [125I]T3-labeled receptor migrated
      at the same position as the major gel-retarded 32P-labeled DNA band. Specific DNA
      competed for the binding much more strongly than nonspecific DNA. Thus, the
      purification procedure results in relatively large quantities of receptor at a
      purity sufficient for detecting and studying a number of its properties including
      specific DNA binding activity.

PMID- 3379075
TI  - Independent mechanisms account for the regulation by protein kinase C of the
      epidermal growth factor receptor affinity and tyrosine-protein kinase activity.
AB  - The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a substrate for phosphorylation by
      the calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) at
      Thr654. The hypothesis that this phosphorylation is causally related to the
      regulation of the functional properties of the EGF receptor was tested by
      substitution of Thr654 with an alanine residue. Activation of protein kinase C
      using phorbol ester caused a decrease in the high affinity binding of EGF to
      Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing wild-type [Thr654]EGF receptors. Similar
      results were obtained with cells expressing mutated [Ala654]EGF receptors. The
      regulation of the protein kinase activity of the EGF receptor by protein kinase C
      was examined using a synthetic peptide substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation.
      Protein kinase C caused a Ca2+-dependent decrease in the tyrosine-protein kinase
      activity of the wild-type [Thr654]EGF receptor. In contrast, no inhibition of the
      tyrosine-protein kinase activity of the mutated [Ala654]EGF receptor caused by
      protein kinase C was detected. In further experiments, the desensitization of EGF
      action caused by the activation of protein kinase C was examined by investigating
      the regulation of the transferrin receptor by EGF. Phorbol ester was observed to
      cause the desensitization of signaling by the wild-type [Thr654] and mutated
      [Ala654]EGF receptors. These data are consistent with a role for the
      phosphorylation of EGF receptor Thr654 in the regulation of the receptor tyrosine
      protein kinase activity. However, the inhibition of the high affinity binding of
      EGF to cell-surface receptors caused by protein kinase C does not require Thr654.
      It is concluded that independent mechanisms account for the regulation by protein
      kinase C of the EGF receptor affinity and tyrosine-protein kinase activity.

PMID- 3379076
TI  - Crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of cholera toxin B
      subunit.
AB  - Cholera toxin binds to its ganglioside GM1 receptor via its B-subunit, a
      pentameric assembly of identical subunits (Mr = 11,600). Diffraction quality
      crystals of cholera toxin B-subunit have been obtained at room temperature by
      vapor diffusion with polyethylene glycol in the presence of the nonionic
      detergent beta-octyl glucoside. The crystals have been characterized with x
      radiation as monoclinic, space group P21, with unit cell dimensions a = 39.0 A, b
      = 94.3 A, c = 67.5 A, beta = 96.0 degrees. There are two molecules per unit cell,
      with one molecule (Mr = 58,000) in each asymmetric unit. Precession photographs
      (micron = 13 degrees) show that crystals diffract beyond 3.3-A resolution and are
      stable in the x-ray beam at room temperature for at least 40 h; thus, they can be
      used to collect three-dimensional crystallographic data.

PMID- 3379077
TI  - Elastic modulus of trabecular bone material.
AB  - An ultrasonic technique was used to measure both the elastic modulus (Young's
      modulus) of trabecular bone material and the elastic modulus of the cancellous
      structure. The average trabecular modulus, measured on specimens obtained from
      three human and one bovine distal femora, was 13.0 GPa (S.D. 1.47) and 10.9 GPa
      (S.D. 1.57), respectively. On human specimens the structural elastic modulus was
      found to be related to the structural (apparent) density raised to the 1.88
      power. The elastic modulus from the bovine specimens showed a more linear
      relationship with the density of the cancellous structure (density raised to the
      1.57 power).

PMID- 3379078
TI  - A biomechanical model for flexion torques of human arm muscles as a function of
      elbow angle.
AB  - The contribution that a muscle makes to a torque in a certain direction depends
      among other things on the length and on the mechanical advantage of the muscle.
      In this study a simple model is presented which enables us to calculate the
      torques exerted by elbow flexor muscles as a function of elbow angle. The model
      is tested and verified with a method of spike triggered averaging.

PMID- 3379079
TI  - The transmission of translational seat vibration to the head--I. Vertical seat
      vibration.
AB  - Vibration in the three translational (fore-and-aft, lateral and vertical) and the
      three rotational (roll, pitch and yaw) axes of the head has been measured during
      exposure to whole-body random vibration. Using an instrumented bar gripped
      between the teeth, the influence of variations in bite grip and bite-bar mass on
      movements of the head were found to be small up to a mass of 375 g. The
      repeatability of measures of seat-to-head transmissibility within a single
      subject and the variability in transmissibility across a group of twelve subjects
      have been determined with two seating conditions: a rigid seat with a backrest
      and the same seat with no backrest. Seat-to-head transmissibilities associated
      with vertical seat vibration are presented at frequencies up to 25 Hz for all six
      axes of head vibration both with and without a backrest. Head motion occurred
      principally in the fore-and-aft, vertical and pitch axes of the head. The
      backrest increased the magnitude of head vibration in most cases. Intra-subject
      variability was generally small compared to inter-subject variability.

PMID- 3379080
TI  - The transmission of translational seat vibration to the head--II. Horizontal seat
      vibration.
AB  - The second part of this study of the six axes of head motion caused by
      translational seat vibration is concerned with the effect of fore-and-aft (x
      axis) and lateral (y-axis) seat vibration. Seat-to-head transmissibilities have
      been determined at frequencies up to 16 Hz for each of the three translational
      and three rotational axes of the head during exposure to random vibration of the
      seat. Repeatability measures within a single subject and studies of the
      variability across a group of twelve subjects have been conducted with two
      seating conditions: a rigid seat with a backrest, and the same seat with no
      backrest. Fore-and-aft seat motion mainly resulted in head motion within the mid
      sagittal plane (x-z plane). Without the backrest, transmissibilities for the fore
      and-aft, vertical and pitch axes of the head were greatest at about 2 Hz. The
      backrest greatly increased head vibration at frequencies above 4 Hz and caused a
      second peak in the transmissibility curves at about 6 to 8 Hz. Lateral seat
      motion mainly caused lateral head motion with a maximum transmissibility at about
      2 Hz. The backrest had little effect on the transmission of lateral vibration to
      the head. For both axes of excitation inter-subject variability was much greater
      than intra-subject variability.

PMID- 3379081
TI  - Mechanical properties of rat tail tendon in relation to proximal-distal sampling
      position and age.
AB  - The mechanical properties of 3, 15 and 25 month-old rat tail tendons were
      investigated in relation to proximal-distal sampling location along the fibre
      length. For the 15 and 25 month-old tendons maximum load as well as collagen
      content per mm fibre length (unit collagen) increased markedly from the proximal
      to the distal location. A linear regression analysis of the collagen content and
      mechanical parameters (maximum load, maximum slope of the load-strain curve and
      energy absorption) showed that these parameters were linearly correlated to the
      collagen content. However, normalization of the mechanical parameters with regard
      to the collagen content did not cancel the dependency of the parameters on
      proximal-distal sampling location. Normalized load and energy values for the 3
      month-old tendons and normalized slope values for the 15 and 25 month-old tendons
      were found to decrease from proximal to distal location. These findings showed
      that tail tendons are heterogeneous along their length in respect to mechanical
      strength. The regression analysis also indicated the existence of an inverse
      relationship between unit collagen and mechanical quality of the collagen.
      Alternatively, the mechanical properties of tendon fibres might be influenced by
      other components than collagen.

PMID- 3379082
TI  - The role of elastin in the mechanical properties of skin.
AB  - The elastin fibers of rat skin samples were degraded by the use of a purified
      preparation of elastase to which soybean inhibitor was added, preventing the
      collagenolytic activity of the elastase on collagen. Control experiments
      ascertained degradation of elastin and no effect on collagen. The mechanical
      properties of the skin samples were studied before and after the enzymatic
      treatment and differences ascribed to the degraded elastin fibers. Elastin plays
      a role in the mechanical behaviour of rat skin at small stress values and small
      deformations. Especially, the elastin fibers are responsible for the recoiling
      mechanism after a stress or deformation has been applied.

PMID- 3379083
TI  - Finite element analysis of two dimensional steady flow in model arterial
      bifurcation.
AB  - The purpose of the investigation reported in this paper is to determine
      theoretically the fluid dynamic field in models of common iliac arterial
      bifurcation and to identify the flow features which might influence the
      predominant occurrence of atherosclerotic lesions at such sites. This has been
      accomplished by numerically simulating fluid flow through 90 degrees symmetric
      bifurcations with branch-to-trunk area ratios of 0.8-1.414 and for Reynolds
      numbers ranging from 100 to 400. The analysis predicts flow reversal along the
      outer wall in models with area ratios over unity for high Reynolds number range,
      while no flow reversal occurred in models with area ratio below unity; a low
      shear zone along the outer wall and high shear stresses at the divider lip.
      Adverse pressure gradients are observed along the outer wall downstream of the
      corner point, the magnitudes increased with Reynolds number for a given branch to
      area ratio. Biological implication of the results is discussed with specific
      reference to the sites of atherosclerotic lesions found in man for these
      geometries.

PMID- 3379084
TI  - Coordination in vertical jumping.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate for vertical jumping the
      relationships between muscle actions, movement pattern and jumping achievement.
      Ten skilled jumpers performed jumps with preparatory countermovement. Ground
      reaction forces and cinematographic data were recorded. In addition, myoelectric
      activity (EMG) was recorded from seven leg muscles. EMG-signals were rectified
      and low-pass filtered to obtain EMG-levels. The latter, which were assumed to
      reflect activation levels, rose to a plateau in the sequence m. semitendinosus,
      long head of m. biceps femoris, m. gluteus maximus, m. vastus medialis, m. rectus
      femoris, m. soleus, m. gastrocnemius. It was attempted to link the EMG-pattern to
      the purpose of the push-off, namely to maximize the effective energy (Ey) of the
      mass center of the body (MCB). The term Ey designates the sum of the potential
      energy of MCB and the kinetic energy due to the vertical velocity of MCB. One of
      the requirements for maximization of Ey is that the mono-articular extensor
      muscles release as much energy as possible before toe-off occurs. It is argued
      that this requirement can only be satisfied if the vertical velocity differences
      between the proximal and distal ends of body segments reach their peaks in a
      sequence. The sequence that is realized by the pattern of muscular activation is
      upper body, upper legs, lower legs, feet. Another important requirement is that
      the mechanical energy released by the muscles is optimally used. This requirement
      can be satisfied by transportation of energy via the biarticular m. rectus
      femoris and m. gastrocnemius.

PMID- 3379085
TI  - The inverse Womersley problem for pulsatile flow in straight rigid tubes.
AB  - In this study a numerical solution for the problem of pulsating flow in rigid
      tubes is described. The method applies to the case of known flow rate waveform,
      as opposed to Womersley solution where the pressure gradient was the known
      quantity. The solution provides the pressure gradient and wall shear stress
      waveforms as well as the instantaneous velocity profiles. Results show that the
      method can be used to study the blood flow characteristics in large arteries.

PMID- 3379086
TI  - Surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Personal experience.
AB  - A series of 262 observed cases of aneurysm of the thoracic aorta is examined in
      which 216 cases of surgical correction were performed between 1974 and 1987.
      Dissecting aneurysms and post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms, although of different
      aetiology and morbid anatomy, are also included since the surgical technique
      adopted is similar in all groups. Clinically different aspects of acute and
      chronic lesions are analyzed. Of all preoperative examinations, angiography is
      preferred as it gives the most precise definition of the aortic lesion. This is
      especially necessary in the case of acute dissection or rupture of thoracic aorta
      although the role of CAT scan is becoming progressively more important. In cases
      of aortic dissection with massive aortic valve insufficiency, the substitution of
      the ascending aorta and aortic valve with reimplantation of coronary arteries, in
      accordance with Bentall's technique is also indicated. The improvement in
      surgical results is emphasized, since surgical mortality has decreased from 30.6%
      to 22% in the last eight years. This is due to improvement in surgical technique,
      to extra corporeal circulation and myocardial protection.

PMID- 3379087
TI  - Effect of pancreatopeptidase E (elastase) on the suppression of intimal fibrous
      proliferation after arterial reconstruction in high cholesterol fed rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pancreatopeptidase E
      (Elastase) administration on the healing of anastomosed arteries. A segment of
      infrarenal aorta was resected and reanastomosed in rabbits. In the control group,
      rabbits were fed commercial chow (ORC 4). In the cholesterol group, rabbits were
      fed a diet of 1% cholesterol added to ORC 4. In the Elastase group, rabbits were
      fed the same diet as the cholesterol group but received intraabdominal injections
      of Elastase. The rabbits were kept for 4 months and the abdominal aorta was
      retrieved for examination. All anastomosed aortas were patent. The cholesterol
      group developed aneurysmal dilatation in one and stenosis of the anastomosed
      sites due to hypergranulation in the remaining rabbits. Neither aneurysmal nor
      stenotic changes were detected in the other groups. We concluded that the
      administration of Elastase suppressed cholesterol induced atherosclerotic changes
      at the anastomotic sites in these animals.

PMID- 3379088
TI  - Indications and complications of carotid endarterectomy as performed by four
      different surgical specialty groups.
AB  - The results of 518 carotid endarterectomies (CEA) performed by four surgical
      specialty groups were evaluated for complications and categorized according to
      their presentations. Nineteen surgeons performing CEA were classified into four
      groups: general surgeons (GS), general vascular surgeons (GVS), cardiovascular
      surgeons (CVS), and neurosurgeons (NS). The stroke and combined stroke and death
      rates respectively by the four groups were 6.1% and 6.1%; 3.2% and 3.5%; 6.5% and
      8.7%; and 6.5% and 6.5%. The indications of CEA varied among the groups.
      Asymptomatic stenosis constituted 10.6%, 16.0%, 19.0%, and 0% of the total CEA
      performed by the groups respectively; nonhemispheric transient ischemic attacks
      (TIA) constituted 3.0%, 18.4%, 8.7%, and 0%; hemispheric TIA constituted 77.3%,
      58.1%, 63.0% and 90.3%; and stroke constituted 9.1%, 7.5%, 8.7% and 9.7%. When
      CEA for asymptomatic stenosis and nonhemispheric TIA were combined, the stroke
      rate was 22.2% for the GS group; 1.6% for the GVS group; and 15.4% for the CVS
      group. In conclusion, the overall stroke rate was close for the four groups at
      6.1%, 3.2%, 6.5% and 6.5% respectively. However, asymptomatic and nonhemispheric
      TIA patients had significantly lower complication rates when operated on by the
      GVS group in contrast to the other groups (1.6% for the GVS in contrast to 22.2%
      for the GS and 15.4% for the CVS). The GVS and CVS groups operated more
      frequently on asymptomatic and nonhemispheric TIA patients than the GS and NS
      groups.

PMID- 3379089
TI  - Long-term results of 44 cross-over bypasses.
AB  - Forty-four patients with an unilateral iliac obstruction were treated with a
      cross-over bypass. The ASPI at rest in the recipient leg was 0.53 +/- 0.16 pre
      operatively and had increased to 0.82 +/- 0.13 3 months after operation (p less
      than 0.001). One patient died within 30 days of operation and in another graft
      thrombosis occurred within this period. In 2 patients above-knee amputation had
      to be performed owing to graft failure. During the follow-up period (3 months to
      10 years) 9 patients died and 8 late graft failures (30 days) occurred without
      limb loss. The cumulative patency rate amounted to 73.7% after 5 years. A
      significant steal effect could not be demonstrated. The cross-over bypass is a
      procedure justified in unilateral iliac occlusion in high- and moderate risk
      patients with intermittent claudication and pain at rest or gangrene.

PMID- 3379090
TI  - Resting plasma fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic potential in peripheral
      vascular disease.
AB  - Reduced plasma fibrinolytic activity may be a risk factor in venous and arterial
      thrombotic disease. Resting plasma fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic
      potential after ten minutes of venous occlusion were compared in 100 patients
      with peripheral vascular disease of varying severity and 20 age-sex matched
      controls. The fibrinolytic assay used was the euglobulin lysis time. Resting
      plasma fibrinolytic activity was significantly reduced in patients with a recent
      arterial thrombosis (p = 0.02) and ischaemic rest pain (p = 0.008) compared with
      controls. Fibrinolytic potential after venous occlusion was significantly reduced
      also in patients with a recent arterial thrombosis (p = 0.02) and ischaemic rest
      pain (p = 0.05) compared with controls. There were no significant differences
      between patients with claudication and controls. A reduced plasma fibrinolytic
      activity has been confirmed in patients with peripheral vascular disease and
      fibrinolytic potential may be a superior method of assessment as the euglobulin
      lysis time after venous occlusion is independent of the fibrinogen concentration.
      It remains uncertain whether the finding of reduced plasma fibrinolytic activity
      in patients with peripheral vascular disease is cause or effect and whether the
      finding has prognostic significance.

PMID- 3379092
TI  - Embolic brain infarction: a rare complication of thoracic outlet syndrome. A
      report of two cases.
AB  - The thoracic outlet syndrome is known to cause brachial neuropathy. Pressure on
      the subclavian artery causing post-stenotic dilatation with intraluminal
      thrombosis is not a common complication. This may lead to antegrade embolisation
      and ischemic changes in the upper limb. In right sided thoracic outlet syndrome
      the thrombus may extend retrogradely. From this an embolus may detach to the
      right hemisphere of the brain resulting in left sided hemiplegia. This is a rare
      but serious complication from a neglected, relatively benign, curable condition.
      This report describes two cases of a right sided thoracic outlet syndrome due to
      cervical rib compression with retrograde embolisation.

PMID- 3379091
TI  - CT guided periaortic fluid aspiration diagnosing aortic graft infection.
AB  - CT guided diagnostic aspiration was performed on a patient suspected of aortic
      graft infection. The positive aspiration prompted aggressive successful surgical
      intervention.

PMID- 3379093
TI  - A case of ulnar aneurysm. Clinical and surgical considerations.
AB  - Although ulnar artery aneurysms have been known since the 17th century, fewer
      than 100 cases have been reported. Because of the rarity of this condition, a
      case of traumatic ulnar artery aneurysm which was operated on in our department
      is presented and the clinical findings, diagnosis and surgical implications are
      considered.

PMID- 3379094
TI  - Renovascular hypertension: a case of intimal fibroplasia with congenital anomaly
      of the renal artery.
AB  - We report a case of renovascular hypertension caused by fibromuscular dysplasia
      (intimal fibroplasia) with congenital anomaly of the renal artery. Arteriography
      revealed complete occlusion from the root to the middle of the right renal artery
      and a collateral artery from the right lumbar artery. Histological examination
      showed intimal fibroplasia and three arterioles in the intima of the renal
      artery.

PMID- 3379095
TI  - Surgery of extracranial carotid artery aneurysm using cardiopulmonary bypass,
      hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
AB  - A patient with a large, rapidly expanding extracranial carotid artery aneurysm
      was successfully operated upon during intentional arrest of the circulation. This
      was accomplished with cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia. The advantages and
      disadvantages of this technique are discussed.

PMID- 3379096
TI  - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.
      Experience with 13 cases.
AB  - The authors present their clinical and surgical experience with 13 cases of
      anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. The
      series confirms the existence of 2 different anatomical types of this anomaly
      depending upon the different development of the intercoronary collateral blood
      flow: the "infantile" and the "adult" types. Mitral incompetence is a frequent
      associated anomaly which may sometimes be the presenting clinical feature, thus
      masking the underlying disease. The results with different surgical techniques
      performed in 7 patients are discussed.

PMID- 3379097
TI  - The need for follow-up after surgical correction of anomalous left coronary
      artery arising from the pulmonary artery.
AB  - Four patients are described with an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery
      from the pulmonary artery. Three were treated by ligation of the abnormal left
      coronary artery at its anomalous origin; one of them died during surgery. One
      patient was treated with reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the
      aorta. Of the survivors 2 are in normal health, but 1 developed aortic valve
      incompetence after reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta and
      1 had persistent left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and developed mitral
      valve prolapse. The third survivor has impaired health with diffuse left
      ventricular wall motion abnormality. Careful follow-up after surgery for an
      anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery is necessary for
      secondary prevention of problems due to incomplete recovery of myocardium or
      problems as a consequence of surgical therapy.

PMID- 3379098
TI  - A safe and rapid method for the mobilization of the internal mammary pedicle.
AB  - A simple method is described for the safe and rapid dissection of the internal
      mammary pedicle. The essential feature of this technique is the use of Silicone
      Rubber devices, for the identification and retraction of the internal mammary
      pedicle during its preparation.

PMID- 3379099
TI  - Bioprosthetic valve excision without replacement in the tricuspid position in a
      patient with Libman-Sacks endocarditis.
AB  - A 19 year old girl with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), in chronic renal
      failure and on haemodialysis, underwent tricuspid valve replacement with a
      Carpentier-Edwards xenograft because of a large calcified mass invading the right
      side of the heart. The mass caused no symptoms and had been discovered
      accidentally on a routine chest X-ray. The bioprosthetic valve had subsequently
      to be removed, having developed functional stenosis, and was not replaced.
      Despite the absence of a tricuspid valve, the patient remains well five years
      after the operation.

PMID- 3379100
TI  - Q fever endocarditis: relapse five years after successful valve replacement for a
      first unrecognized episode.
AB  - A 59-yr-old man presented with mitral endocarditis and negative blood cultures.
      Antibodies to phase 2 and phase 1 antigens of Coxiella burneti were detected and
      a diagnosis of Q fever endocarditis was made. Five years earlier, this patient
      had been successfully treated by aortic valve replacement for a first episode of
      endocarditis with negative blood cultures. Giemsa and Machiavello stains of the
      native aortic valve were made retrospectively and showed coccobacilli highly
      suggestive of Coxiella organisms. It is concluded that the first episode was Q
      fever endocarditis and that the failure to recognize this aetiology at that time,
      and the absence of adequate medical therapy, is the cause of the present episode.

PMID- 3379101
TI  - Effects of fibroblasts and endothelial cells on inactivation of target proteases
      by protease nexin-1, heparin cofactor II, and C1-inhibitor.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix
      accelerate the inactivation of target proteases by certain protease inhibitors.
      It has been suggested that the ability of the matrix of certain cells to
      accelerate some inhibitors but not others might reflect the site of action of the
      inhibitors. Previous studies showed that fibroblasts accelerate the inactivation
      of thrombin by protease nexin-1, an inhibitor that appears to function at the
      surface of cells in extravascular tissues. The present experiments showed that
      endothelial cells also accelerate this reaction. The accelerative activity was
      accounted for by the extracellular matrix and was mostly due to heparan sulfate.
      Fibroblasts but not endothelial cells accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by
      heparin cofactor II, an abundant inhibitor in plasma. This is consistent with
      previous suggestions that heparin cofactor II inactivates thrombin when plasma is
      exposed to fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Neither fibroblasts nor
      endothelial cells accelerated the inactivation of C1s by plasma C1-inhibitor.

PMID- 3379102
TI  - Modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by brain-derived growth factor
      in Swiss mouse 3T3 cells.
AB  - Incubation of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells at 37 degrees C with bovine brain-derived
      growth factor (BDGF) decrease the cell surface 125I-EGF binding activity of these
      cells by 70-80%. This down-modulation of the EGF receptor by BDGF was time,
      temperature, and dose dependent. Scatchard plot analysis indicated that BDGF
      binding led to a selective decrease in the number of high-affinity EGF receptors.
      The BDGF-induced down-modulation of the EGF receptor was completely blocked by
      protamine, a potent inhibitor of receptor binding and mitogenic activities of
      BDGF. BDGF down-modulated the EGF receptor in phorbol myristic acetate (PMA)
      pretreated cells, as well as in control cells. Furthermore, PMA-pretreated cells
      responded mitogenically to BDGF, whereas PMA itself failed to stimulate the
      mitogenic response of PMA-pretreated cells. This BDGF-induced down-modulation of
      the EGF receptor in PMA-desensitized cells suggests that BDGF down-regulates the
      EGF receptor by a mechanism distinct from that of PMA. Incubation of cells with
      compounds which are known to inhibit pinocytosis blocked the down-modulation
      induced either by BDGF or by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) but had no
      effect on the PMA-induced down-modulation. Incubation of cells with inhibitors of
      receptor recycling enhanced the BDGF-induced down-modulation of the EGF receptor.
      These results suggest that BDGF and PDGF induce down-modulation of the EGF
      receptor by increasing the internalization of cell surface high-affinity
      receptors and that the internalization process may not be required for down
      modulation induced by PMA.

PMID- 3379103
TI  - Swiss 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts transfected with a human prepro-GRP gene
      synthesize and secrete pro-GRP rather than GRP.
AB  - A prepro-gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) gene was introduced into Swiss 3T3 mouse
      embryo fibroblasts by DNA transfection in an attempt to establish autocrine
      growth stimulation. Clonal transfectants expressed varying amounts of GRP
      encoding mRNA. They synthesized and secreted a approximately 15-kd pro-GRP
      hormone but not fully processed 2.8-kd GRP. Accordingly, no changes in growth
      properties were associated with GRP gene expression. We postulate that Swiss 3T3
      fibroblasts lack the enzymes necessary to process significantly pro-GRP into
      biologically active peptides and that this deficiency may be responsible for the
      failure to establish autocrine growth stimulation in the transfected cells.

PMID- 3379104
TI  - Uncoupling of translocation across microsomal membranes from biosynthesis of
      influenza virus hemagglutinin.
AB  - This communication presents our recent studies on the biosynthesis of influenza
      virus hemagglutinin (HA) in a mammalian-cell-free system and its translocation
      across microsomal membranes. RNAs coding for wild-type (full-length) and mutant
      (truncated) forms of HA were generated by in vitro transcription by using
      bacteriophage T7 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. These RNAs were translated in a
      rabbit reticulocyte system that was supplemented with dog pancreas membranes,
      either before translation was initiated or after it had been artificially
      terminated with the antibiotic cycloheximide. All forms of HA could be
      cotranslationally translocated. However, only truncated molecules (83% of full
      length) could translocate after protein synthesis had been terminated.
      Posttranslational translocation was dependent on the presence of a functional N
      terminal signal sequence and occurred only in the presence of ribosomes. The
      molecular mechanism of protein targeting and translocation across the membrane of
      the endoplasmic reticulum is discussed based on the signal hypothesis.

PMID- 3379105
TI  - Isolation and visualization of Met-72-positive, metastatic variants present in
      B16 melanoma tumor masses.
AB  - Metastatic variants of the B16 melanoma displaying high experimental metastatic
      potential have been shown to express high levels of a 72,000-dalton glycoprotein
      (Met-72) on their cell surface (Kimura AK, Xiang J: J Nat Can Inst 76:1247-1253,
      1986). Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against the Met-72 determinant have
      been used in this study as immunohistochemical reagents on preparations of fresh
      B16 melanoma tumors and their metastases. These immunohistochemical analyses have
      utilized frozen sections, impression smears, and cytospin preparations of fresh
      tumors harvested at various time points during tumor growth, to view the presence
      and location of Met-72-positive metastatic variants within tumor masses.
      Biotinylated anti-Met-72 MoAbs were reacted with freshly dissociated tumor cells
      from a B16 melanoma ovarian metastasis. These cells were then reacted with
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-streptavidin and analyzed by flow cytometry. A
      discrete population of positively staining cells was detected and isolated by
      cell sorting techniques. Met-72-positive cells were then cloned and reanalyzed
      after several weeks of in vitro expansion and found to have high experimental
      metastatic potential to ovaries. Frozen sections of subcutaneous tumors and their
      metastases were analyzed by immunoperoxidase techniques. A consistent finding in
      these studies has been that the few tumor cells which showed high intensity of
      Met-72 staining were positioned perivascularly and at the invading front of B16
      melanoma tumors.

PMID- 3379106
TI  - Invasive activity and chemotactic response to growth factors by Kaposi's sarcoma
      cells.
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a relatively low grade neoplasm, classically occurring
      in the skin of elderly men. A more virulent and invasive form of Kaposi's sarcoma
      has been described in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
      The origin and identification of the tumor cells in these lesions is
      controversial. Here we have studied the behavior of cells derived from KS lesions
      in an in vitro assay which measures the ability of cells to invade through a
      reconstituted basement membrane. In agreement with previous work, KS cells
      obtained under selective culture conditions were invasive showing activity
      comparable to that of malignant tumor cells. Normal fibroblasts, smooth muscle
      cells, and endothelial cells did not demonstrate invasive behavior under the same
      experimental conditions. To characterize further the nature of the KS cells we
      tested the chemotactic response of cells from the most invasive line to a variety
      of growth factors and compared their response to those of fibroblasts, smooth
      muscle, and endothelial cells. These studies suggest that normal cells respond to
      a unique repertoire of chemotactic factors. The chemotactic response of the KS
      cells most closely resembled that of smooth muscle cells and was quite distinct
      from endothelial cells. These results indicate that the KS-derived cultures
      contain invasive cells with a smooth muscle cell-like phenotype.

PMID- 3379108
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of biogenic amines, derivatized with 9
      fluorenylmethyl chloroformate.
AB  - A procedure was elaborated for the analysis of three biogenic amines posing a
      considerable health hazard. The method takes advantage of the characteristics of
      the 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) derivative, namely specificity,
      stability and compatibility for either fluorescence or UV-absorbance detection.
      The FMOC-tyramine derivative was probably adsorbed to labware when acetone served
      as the solvent for FMOC. Methanol, substituted for acetone, removed this problem.
      Excellent linearity was obtained with standard solutions of tyramine, tryptamine
      and phenylethylamine. Meat samples, spiked with the mentioned amines, also showed
      good linearity. Perchloric acid was chosen for deproteinization, as potassium
      perchlorate may be eliminated on neutralization. Histamine failed to react with
      FMOC or was not detected under the test conditions.

PMID- 3379107
TI  - Gene expression and tumor cell escape from host effector mechanisms in murine
      large cell lymphoma.
AB  - Using in vivo selection methods, we obtained metastatic sublines of the murine
      RAW117 large cell lymphoma that form multiple liver metastases. The highly
      metastatic subline RAW117-H10 has a low number of gp70 molecules expressed at the
      cell surface and low cytostatic sensitivity to activated syngeneic macrophages.
      This subline was infected with endogenous RNA tumor virus isolated from a high
      virus-expressing RAW117-P subline of low metastatic potential. After
      superinfection the H10 subline gradually increased its expression of cell surface
      gp70 and showed enhanced sensitivity to macrophage-mediated cytostasis,
      suggesting that gp70 might be involved in host macrophage-mediated surveillance.
      Culture of RAW117-P and H10 cells in media conditioned by activated macrophages
      indicated that parental cells are severely growth inhibited in a dose dependent
      fashion while H10 cells showed almost no effect. Examination of differentially
      expressed genes in the highly metastatic RAW117-H10 cells by analysis of RNA
      blots indicated that a mitochondrial gene was expressed at a level that was
      approximately 10 times higher in H10 cells than in parental cells. This gene was
      identified as ND5, which codes for a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I of
      the mitochondrial electron transport chain); this complex is the target for an
      activated macrophage-released cytostatic factor. Among other possibilities, the
      results are consistent with the suggestion that highly metastatic RAW117 cells
      may escape macrophage surveillance by decreasing the synthesis of specific cell
      surface receptors for cytostatic molecules and increasing the synthesis of
      specific cellular targets for such molecules.

PMID- 3379109
TI  - Thin-layer chromatography of mustard and its metabolites.
AB  - Since its recently alleged use in the Middle East armed conflict, the chemical
      agent mustard has been in the news. Exposure to mustard causes extremely painful
      physiological manifestations. On entering the biological system, it is
      metabolized and converted into various products. This paper describes a rapid
      screening method for the identification of some of its common metabolites.

PMID- 3379110
TI  - Influence of mobile phase pH on high-performance liquid chromatographic column
      loading capacity. Implications for the design of preparative protein separations.

PMID- 3379111
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of racemic cis- and trans-chrysanthemols and
      their potential aldehyde and carboxylic acid microbial metabolites.

PMID- 3379112
TI  - Ion suppression reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for
      the separation of L-ascorbic acid in fresh fruit juice.

PMID- 3379113
TI  - Static headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of residual
      solvents in vigabatrin drug substance.

PMID- 3379114
TI  - Determination of safrole and myristicin in nutmeg and mace by high-performance
      liquid chromatography.

PMID- 3379115
TI  - Fraction collector for capillary zone electrophoresis.
AB  - An instrument is described which is capable of collecting fractions from a
      capillary zone electrophoresis apparatus. The fraction collector is characterized
      in terms of discretely collecting the separated components of a multi-component
      sample. In addition, the fraction collector permits the study of the effect of
      capillary zone electrophoresis on the biological activity of alpha-chymotrypsin.

PMID- 3379116
TI  - Detection of trace levels of triclopyr using capillary gas chromatography
      electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Triclopyr, after esterification, is shown to be a suitable candidate for
      detection by gas chromatography-electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionization
      mass spectrometry forming a characteristic carboxylate anion which offers a high
      detection sensitivity. A detection limit of 70 fg reaching the ionizer is
      indicated. Low backgrounds and an absence of chemical interferences are shown for
      vegetation extracts, using a simple method of extraction and derivatisation. A
      similar behaviour is demonstrated for 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.

PMID- 3379117
TI  - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of phenoxypropanoic acid
      derivatives possessing herbicidal activity.
AB  - Fluazifop-butyl, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl and quizalofop-ethyl, active ingredients
      of new selective herbicidal preparations, as well as their metabolites converted
      in to corresponding methyl esters were separated on several gas chromatographic
      columns. Bromination of fluazifop esters increased significantly the response of
      the electron-capture detector. Electron impact mass spectra of all the compounds
      investigated were recorded, and characteristic ions suitable for selected ion
      monitoring are given.

PMID- 3379119
TI  - Analytical high-performance affinity chromatography of ovalbumin-derived
      glycopeptides on columns of concanavalin A-and wheat germ agglutinin-immobilized
      gels.
AB  - Concanavalin A (Con A) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) was immobilized on a silica
      based support, and the chromatographic behaviours of a series of dansylated
      ovalbumin-derived glycopeptides on small columns of the resultant gels were
      compared. These columns had high contents of lectins, and allowed differentiation
      of these glycopeptides. This method was rapid and reproducible, and enabled
      sensitive detection of these fluorescent glycopeptides. The structural
      requirement of these glycopeptides to manifest affinity to the immobilized
      lectins is also discussed, based on binding constants obtained from their
      retention times.

PMID- 3379118
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of carthamin, safflor yellow A and a
      precursor of carthamin. Application to the investigation of an unknown red
      pigment produced in cultured cells of safflower.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was
      developed to analyse and purify carthamin, safflor yellow A (safflomin-A) and the
      yellow precursor of carthamin. A red pigment similar to carthamin was extracted
      from cell suspension cultures of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an
      application of biotechnology. The RP-HPLC method was used to characterize the
      unknown red pigment. Various spectroscopic methods were used to characterize
      purified carthamin and the purified unknown pigment. Based on these spectral
      observations, it was concluded that the unknown red pigment produced in cultured
      cells of safflower differed from carthamin, although the unknown pigment might be
      a glycoside. From other observations, the possibility of anthocyanins and
      carotenoids were also discounted. It was assumed that the cultured cells lacked
      the biosynthetic pathway of the yellow precursor of carthamin, although they
      possessed the activity of the enzyme mediating the synthesis of carthamin from
      the yellow precursor.

PMID- 3379120
TI  - Trace analysis in the food and beverage industry by capillary gas chromatography:
      system performance and maintenance.
AB  - Gas chromatography (GC) is the most widely used analytical technique in the food
      and beverage industry. This paper addresses the problems of sample preparation
      and system maintenance to ensure the most sensitive, durable, and efficient
      results for trace analysis by GC in this industry.

PMID- 3379121
TI  - Determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds by high-performance liquid
      chromatography with simultaneous mass spectrometry and ultraviolet diode array
      detection.
AB  - A major problem in the determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in
      environmental samples is the extreme complexity of the extracts, even after
      extensive fractionation. The combination of high-performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) with simultaneous mass spectrometry (MS) and ultraviolet
      diode array detection (DAD) is a powerful tool for the identification and
      quantitation of such species with a high degree of confidence. HPLC allows the
      selective separation of a wide variety of PACs, including thermally labile and
      high molecular weight compounds. Electron ionization MS with the moving belt
      interface provides high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as structural
      information such as molecular weight, functional groups, and elemental
      composition. The diode array detector helps to differentiate isomeric structures
      and confirm compound identity.

PMID- 3379122
TI  - Sampling and analysis techniques for trace volatile organic emissions from
      consumer products.
AB  - Comparisons are made of two techniques for the trace analysis of volatile organic
      compound (VOC) emissions from consumer products: direct on-line sampling and
      analysis and on-line solid sorbent collection followed by off-line analysis. Two
      types of direct analyses are examined. The first consists of direct injection of
      emissions from a sample loaded environmental chamber into a gas chromatograph
      equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) for compound identification.
      Direct injection of headspace collected emissions into a gas chromatograph
      equipped with a mass selective detector is the second direct method scrutinized.
      The more traditional technique of solid sorbent collection of the volatile
      organic emissions followed by thermal desorption (TD)/gas chromatographic
      (GC)/mass spectrometric (MS) analysis is compared to both direct on-line methods.

PMID- 3379123
TI  - Analysis of flue-cured tobacco essential oil by hyphenated analytical techniques.
AB  - The major components of an alkaloid-free, flue-cured, tobacco essential oil
      sample are isolated and identified. This is accomplished by utilizing modern
      hyphenated analytical methods. The instrumentation developed to accomplish this
      are an automated multidimensional gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer/flame
      ionization detector (MDGC/MS/FID) and a multidimensional gas chromatograph/matrix
      isolation/Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (MDGC/MI/FTIR). A total of 306
      compounds is identified in the essential oil, of which 80 are found as tobacco
      constituents for the first time.

PMID- 3379124
TI  - Analytical methods for detection of nonoccupational exposure to pesticides.
AB  - An analytical protocol is developed to analyze for 33 compounds in ambient air
      around the household, drinking water, and from dermal contact while applying
      pesticides. Soxhlet extraction is used on both the polyurethane foam plugs, which
      were used as air sample trapping media, and the gloves reflecting dermal contact.
      The extraction procedure of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 608
      is used for water samples. A stringent gas chromatography/electron capture
      detection (GC/ECD) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy/multiple ion
      detection (GC/MS/MID) analytical approach parallel to the procedures of the
      current EPA contract laboratory program is used for analysis.

PMID- 3379125
TI  - Effects of omega-3 fish oils on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and blood
      pressure in type II diabetic patients.
AB  - We investigated the effects of omega-3 fish oil (FO) supplementation on lipid
      metabolism, glycemic control, and blood pressure (BP) in patients with type II
      diabetes mellitus. In 22 diabetic patients without overt hyperlipidemia, serum
      triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL2
      cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels did not
      change during omega-3 FO supplementation for 8 weeks. The mean serum apo B
      concentration increased significantly [baseline, 2.56 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) mmol/L;
      4 weeks, 2.82 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; 8 weeks, 2.80 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; P less than 0.01].
      The mean plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased transiently
      during the fourth week (baseline, 168 +/- 17 U/mL; 4 weeks, 182 +/- 18 U/mL; P
      less than 0.05), whereas postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity did not
      change. Glycemic control worsened transiently during the fourth week, (baseline,
      7.7 +/- 0.4%; 4 weeks, 8.4 +/- 0.3%; P less than 0.05). Both systolic and
      diastolic BP decreased significantly throughout the study (systolic BP: baseline,
      142 +/- 5 mm Hg; 8 weeks, 128 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic BP: baseline, 88 +/- 4 mm
      Hg; 8 weeks, 80 +/- 3 mm Hg; P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that in
      type II diabetics without overt hyperlipidemia, omega-3 FO supplementation does
      not improve either the glycemic control or serum lipids, and it is associated
      with a potentially detrimental rise in serum apo B concentrations. Until more
      information is available, use of such supplementation should be discouraged.

PMID- 3379126
TI  - Quantitating genetic and nongenetic factors influencing androgen production and
      clearance rates in men.
AB  - Both hereditary and nonhereditary factors have a decided influence on plasma sex
      steroid concentrations in men. We studied the relative contributions of genetic
      and nongenetic factors on the production rate (PR) and MCR of testosterone and
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and their conversion ratios to other metabolites in
      monozygotic (MZ; n = 22) and dizygotic (DZ; n = 24) male twins. Zygosity was
      determined by measurement of 10 blood proteins and enzymes. The kinetic studies
      were conducted with isotope dilution techniques. The genetic effect was
      determined from the equation: 2[rMZ - rDZ], where r is intraclass correlation. A
      heritability of over 40% was found for the PRs of DHT/body surface area and of
      testosterone/body surface area. Nongenetic factors accounted for 50% or more of
      the variation of the conversion ratios for testosterone/3 alpha-androstanediol
      and DHT/3 alpha-androstanediol. The results suggest that genetic factors markedly
      influence the PRs of testosterone and DHT, suggesting that the PR of these potent
      androgens is under genetic control despite the decided influence of environmental
      factors on their clearance.

PMID- 3379127
TI  - Dialysance of adrenocorticoids during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - We postulated that significant quantities of both protein-bound and unbound
      adrenocorticoids are lost during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
      (CAPD). To test this hypothesis we measured the dialysate removal rates (DRR) of
      adrenocorticoids in six CAPD patients. The distribution of the adrenocorticoids
      among unbound, albumin-bound, and transcortin-bound fractions in dialysate
      effluent was determined. The distribution of cortisol among unbound, albumin
      bound, and transcortin-bound fractions in plasma was determined in six other CAPD
      patients. The mean DRR of cortisol was 193.8 +/- 20.3 (+/- SE) nmol/day. Smaller
      quantities of 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, 18-hydroxy-11
      deoxycorticosterone, and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were removed during CAPD. The
      mean DRR values for total protein, albumin, and transcortin were 11.2 +/- 2.1,
      6.0 +/- 2.2, and 0.087 +/- 0.018 g/day, respectively. The distribution of
      cortisol among unbound, albumin-bound, and transcortin-bound fractions was normal
      in plasma from CAPD patients. Plasma transcortin had a normal affinity (2 x 10(7)
      mol/L-1) and a normal binding capacity (559 nmol/L) for cortisol. In contrast,
      dialysate transcortin had a low affinity (1.4 x 10(7) mol/L-1) for cortisol and a
      low cortisol-binding capacity (11.5 nmol/L). The fractional occupancy rates of
      high affinity cortisol-binding sites on transcortin were 52.0 +/- 3.3% and 3.3 +/
      0.6% in plasma and dialysate effluent, respectively (P less than 0.001). The
      transcortin to cortisol molar concentration ratio in dialysate (6.3 +/- 0.6) was
      significantly higher than that in plasma (1.6 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.001). These
      results demonstrate that cortisol is the major adrenocorticoid lost during CAPD.
      However, the amount of cortisol removed in the dialysate is less than 1% of the
      normal daily secretion rate. Significant quantities of other adrenocorticoids are
      also lost during CAPD. The adrenocorticoids present in dialysate effluent are
      principally unbound, in contrast to their state in plasma. However, small
      fractions of the respective steroids are bound to transcortin and albumin.

PMID- 3379128
TI  - Operating characteristics of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in men:
      circadian, ultradian, and pulsatile release of prolactin and its temporal
      coupling with luteinizing hormone.
AB  - To investigate the circadian, ultradian, and pulsatile nature of PRL release in
      the human, we sampled blood at 10-min intervals for 24 h in each of 12 normal
      young men. The subsequent serum PRL time series were subjected to contemporary
      techniques of rhythmic and episodic peak detection. Fourier analysis revealed a
      significant circadian rhythm in serum PRL concentrations in all 12 men. The mean
      circadian amplitude was 2.1 +/- 0.3 ng/mL (micrograms/L), which accounted for an
      average of 30 +/- 4% of the 24-h mean PRL concentration. In addition, multiple
      ultradian PRL rhythms were found with periodicities ranging from 22-242 min.
      Spectral analysis disclosed ultradian cycles with periodicities of 30-32, 51-59,
      90-98, and 234 min. Assessment of episodic PRL pulsatility by Cluster analysis
      revealed 14 +/- 1 PRL peaks/24 h (P less than 0.01 vs. signal-free noise), which
      occurred at an interpulse interval of 95 +/- 6 min. The average duration of a
      serum PRL peak was 67 +/- 5 min, and its incremental amplitude was 4.0 +/- 0.3
      ng/ml (micrograms/L), which represented a 58 +/- 6% increase above the preceding
      nadir. Discrete PRL peaks were separated by nonpulsatile valleys, with a mean
      duration of 27 +/- 1 min. Analysis of the temporal coupling between LH and PRL
      release by bivariate autoregressive modeling in six men revealed significant
      cross-correlations between LH and simultaneous PRL concentrations as well as
      between LH and PRL concentrations that lagged LH by 10 or 20 min. Cross-spectral
      analysis demonstrated significantly correlated PRL and LH cycles with
      periodicities of 33-37, 47-52, and 84-106 min. In summary, PRL release in normal
      young men is characterized by significant circadian and ultradian periodicities,
      by discrete episodic pulsations that occur approximately every 95 min, and by a
      close temporal coupling with LH (temporal lag between LH and PRL of 0-20 min).

PMID- 3379130
TI  - Hemodynamic reactivity to sympathoadrenal stimulation in adrenalectomized women.
AB  - To determine the extent to which circulating epinephrine (E) mediates the
      cardiovascular effects of sympathoadrenal stimulation, we studied the blood
      pressure (BP), heart rate, forearm vascular resistance, and plasma catecholamine
      responses to a mental arithmetic test, head-up tilt test, and cold pressor test
      in 10 adrenalectomized women and 10 age-matched normotensive women. The mean
      basal diastolic BP was slightly higher in the adrenalectomized women (80 vs. 68
      mm Hg; P less than 0.05). During mental arithmetic, the adrenalectomized women
      had a smaller heart rate increase than the normal women [6 +/- 1% (+/- SE) vs. 16
      +/- 4%; P less than 0.05], but the BP response was not different. During the head
      up tilt and cold pressor tests the hemodynamic responses were similar in the
      adrenalectomized and normal women. As expected, plasma E was undetectable in the
      adrenalectomized women. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) did not change in either group
      during mental arithmetic. In the adrenalectomized women the plasma NE increases
      during the head-up tilt and cold pressor test were not significantly different
      from those in the normal women. Thus, the adrenalectomized women had a normal
      pressor response during all 3 types of adrenergic stimulation, apparently
      independent of plasma E. Together with the normal plasma NE responses to head-up
      tilt and cold exposure, we challenge the contention that the E-mediated
      presynaptic beta-adrenergic stimulation of NE release plays a pivotal
      physiological role during short term adrenergic stress.

PMID- 3379129
TI  - Effects of prolactin and estrogen deficiency in amenorrheic bone loss.
AB  - To determine whether hyperprolactinemic women with menses are at risk for the
      development of osteopenia and to define the effects of PRL excess and estrogen
      deficiency on bone mass in amenorrheic women, spinal and radial bone densities
      were measured in 25 hyperprolactinemic women (13 with amenorrhea and 12 with
      regular menstrual periods) and 11 women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. The degree
      of hyperprolactinemia was comparable in the hyperprolactinemic women with and
      without menstrual periods [mean, 55 +/- 18 (+/- SD) and 57 +/- 16 micrograms/L,
      respectively]. The mean spinal bone density in the hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic
      women (148 +/- 26 mg/K2HPO4.cm3) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than
      that in 19 normal women (178 +/- 21 mg/K2HPO4.cm3), and 6 of the former group had
      values greater than 2 SD below normal. However, the mean spinal bone density in
      the eumenorrheic hyperprolactinemic women (171 +/- 22 mg/K2HPO4.cm3) was similar
      to that in the normal women and was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than
      that in the hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic women. The mean spinal bone density in
      the women with hypothalamic amenorrhea (128 +/- 24 mg/K2HPO4.cm3) and normal PRL
      levels was also significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than that in normal women
      or hyperprolactinemic euenorrheic women. Six of the women with hypothalamic
      amenorrhea had bone density measurements greater than 2 SD below normal. The
      spinal bone density values were similar in the amenorrheic women with or without
      hyperprolactinemia. The mean radial bone density in the hyperprolactinemic women
      with amenorrhea (0.69 +/- 0.03 g/cm2) was comparable to that in the women with
      hypothalamic amenorrhea (0.69 +/- 0.05 g/cm2), and both groups had significantly
      (P less than 0.05) lower values than normal women (0.72 +/- 0.03 g/cm2). Radial
      bone density was normal in the hyperprolactinemic eumenorrheic women. The mean
      serum estradiol level in the hyperprolactinemic amenorrheic women (120 +/- 90
      pmol/L) was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that in the
      hyperprolactinemic eumenorrheic women measured during the follicular phase of
      their cycles (240 +/- 180 pmol/L) and was comparable to that in the women with
      hypothalamic amenorrhea (80 +/- 40 pmol/L). Multiple comparisons of clinical
      variables, serum hormone concentrations, and bone mass demonstrated a significant
      correlation (P = 0.0125) between bone density and serum dehydroepiandrosterone
      sulfate levels, which suggests a role for endogenous androgens in the maintenance
      of premenopausal bone mass.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3379132
TI  - Deiodination of thyroid hormone by human liver.
AB  - Liver is an important site for the peripheral production of T3 by outer ring
      deiodination (ORD) of T4 as well as for the clearance of plasma rT3, which is
      produced by inner ring deiodination (IRD) of T4 in other tissues. However, little
      is known about the underlying enzymatic reactions, and current concepts about
      thyroid hormone deiodination are largely based on studies in rat tissue. Here we
      describe the results of detailed studies of the catalytic properties of the
      iodothyronine deiodinase activity of human liver. The results demonstrated a high
      degree of similarity with the type I deiodinase of rat liver. The enzyme activity
      was found in the microsomal fraction. rT3 was the preferred substrate, since its
      ORD was catalyzed roughly 400 times more efficiently than the ORD or IRD of T4 or
      the IRD of T3. The deiodination of sulfated substrates was more rapid, as
      demonstrated by the roughly 30-fold increase in the IRD of T3 sulfate (T3S)
      compared with T3. The deiodinations exhibited ping-pong-type kinetics with
      dithiothreitol as the cofactor. Inhibition by propylthiouracil was uncompetitive
      with substrate and competitive with dithiothreitol, and PTU was an equally
      effective inhibitor of the ORD of rT3 and the IRD of T3S (Ki, 0.10-0.16 mumol/L).
      Various compounds with widely different inhibitory potencies had similar effects
      on ORD (rT3) and IRD (T3S). These results suggest that in human liver microsomes
      a single enzyme catalyzes the deiodination of the outer as well as the inner ring
      of iodothyronines by the same catalytic mechanism and with the same substrate
      specificity as the type I deiodinase of rat liver.

PMID- 3379131
TI  - Altered immunoreactivity of thyroglobulin in thyroid disease.
AB  - We prepared 3 samples of 19S thyroglobulin (Tg), 1 from a patient with Graves'
      disease, another from a patient with nontoxic goiter, and the third from a pool
      of Tg from normal subjects, and used each Tg preparation to produce a polyvalent
      antiserum in rabbits. The 3 antisera were similar to each other in their
      reactivity with thyroid Tg samples from 25 patients with various thyroid
      disorders and from 10 normal subjects. However, the immunoreactivity of the 35
      individual Tg samples varied considerably. Decreased reactivity was associated
      with proteolysis during Tg preparation, iodination in vitro with 20 or more atoms
      of iodine/molecule Tg, the 27S species of Tg, Tg from 3 patients with thyroid
      cancer, and Tg from several patients with Graves' disease. The antiserum to
      Graves' Tg contained some antibodies that did not bind normal Tg on an affinity
      column, and these antibodies reacted more with Tg from patients with Graves'
      disease than with Tg from normal subjects or patients with nontoxic goiters.
      Thus, Tg from patients with Graves' disease may contain antigenic sites that are
      not present or exposed in Tgs from other subjects. We conclude that thyroid Tgs
      from patients with Graves' disease and from those with thyroid cancer may be
      different in structure from the Tgs of normal subjects. This conclusion is
      important to an understanding of Tg structure in thyroid disease and to the use
      of thyroid Tg for preparation of antisera and standards for measuring serum Tg
      concentrations.

PMID- 3379133
TI  - Serum dihydrotachysterol levels and biological action in normal man.
AB  - Dihydrotachysterol (DHT2) has been a safe and effective treatment for
      hypocalcemic disorders for many years, but few assays for quantitation of DHT2
      have been developed. Thus little is known about its pharmacokinetics. The 2-fold
      purpose of this study was 1) to develop a practical method for quantitating DHT2
      after oral dosing in normal subjects, and 2) to assess changes in serum DHT2
      levels and calcium and phosphorus metabolism after DHT2 administration for 8
      days. Peak serum DHT2 levels in six normal subjects, assayed by high performance
      liquid chromatography were achieved 4 h after administration of 0.4-0.8 mg DHT2;
      at 24 h, levels had declined by 70% whether DHT2 had been given for 1 or 8 days.
      These data indicate that a standard approach is needed to interpret the results
      of serum DHT2 measurements in treated patients. Interfering substances were
      detected in lipemic serum. The major biological effects of DHT2 administration
      were hypercalciuria in two subjects and a fall in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D[1,25-(OH)2D] levels, including free levels when measured, in all subjects.
      Possible explanations for this fall in serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels include decreased
      1,25-(OH)2D production because of competition for the 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme
      by a metabolite(s) of DHT or increased metabolic clearance of 1,25-(OH)2D.

PMID- 3379134
TI  - Differences in low density lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins in
      premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
AB  - Postmenopausal or oophorectomized women are at higher risk for the development of
      coronary artery disease than are premenopausal women. These differences in risk
      may be due to alternations in plasma lipoproteins modulated by hormonal changes.
      Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I
      and B (apoB) concentrations, as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle
      size (LDL 1-7), as assessed by 2-16% polyacrylamide-agarose gradient gel
      electrophoresis, were determined in 87 premenopausal and 43 postmenopausal women.
      All were participants in the Framingham Offspring Study, were gynecologically
      normal, and were not taking any hormones. The postmenopausal women had
      significantly (P less than 0.05) higher plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations
      than did the premenopausal women. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, very
      low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoB levels were higher, and apoA-I and
      high density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in the postmenopausal group, but
      these differences were not significant at P less than 0.05. The postmenopausal
      women were likely to have small LDL particles compared to premenopausal women.
      Controlling for age and body mass index effects significantly reduced the
      differences in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoB, and LDL particle size
      and broadened the differences in apoA-I and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
      These data indicate that menopause is positively correlated with LDL cholesterol
      (P less than 0.05) and decreased LDL particle size (P less than 0.05) after
      adjusting for significant covariates.

PMID- 3379135
TI  - Thyroid amyloidosis with recurrent subacute thyroiditis-like syndrome.
AB  - We studied 2 men with a subacute thyroiditis-like syndrome (STLS) associated with
      systemic amyloidosis. Both had very tender, diffuse, firm goiters, low thyroidal
      radioactive iodine uptake values, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates.
      Glucocorticoid therapy resulted in dramatic improvement. Compared to 18 patients
      with subacute thyroiditis, these 2 men had 1) persistence of goiter even in
      remission, 2) repeated exacerbation of STLS, 3) pain always localized in the same
      site, and 4) gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac abnormalities. Histological
      examination of the patients' thyroid glands revealed amyloid deposition and no
      evidence of subacute thyroiditis. In addition, 1 man had low T3 thyrotoxicosis
      with an elevated rT3/T3 ratio, suggesting impaired peripheral conversion of T4 to
      T3, and immunological and histological evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These
      findings suggest that thyroid amyloidosis may be associated with STLS. When
      patients with clinical features of subacute thyroiditis have an unusual course,
      the possibility of thyroid amyloidosis should be considered.

PMID- 3379137
TI  - Binding of thyroid hormones to human plasma lipoproteins.
AB  - The binding of T4, T3, and rT3 to plasma lipoproteins was investigated in normal
      subjects and patients with abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. Gel filtration on
      Sepharose CL-6B demonstrated iodothyronine binding to all lipoprotein classes. In
      the total lipoprotein fraction (density less than 1.210 g/mL), high density
      lipoproteins (HDL) were the major binders, accounting for 92% of lipoprotein
      bound T4, 99% of lipoprotein-bound T3, and 55% of lipoprotein-bound rT3. The
      estimated iodothyronine binding in normal plasma to HDL, low density lipoproteins
      (LDL), and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was 3%, 0.2%, and 0.03% for T4,
      6%, 0.05%, and 0.02% for T3, and 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% for rT3, respectively.
      These estimates may be low owing to possible dissociation during chromatography
      and the short incubation period used to avoid changes in lipoprotein structure.
      In VLDL and LDL deficiency (abetalipoproteinemia), HDL deficiency (Tangier
      disease), LDL excess (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia), and VLDL excess (type III,
      IV, and V hyperlipoproteinemia), the distribution of iodothyronines reflected the
      lipoprotein abnormality. Variations resulting from altered distribution within
      HDL subclasses were also found. Binding was saturable, with approximate
      dissociation constants for VLDL, LDL, and HDL of 10(-5)-10(-6) mol/L. We conclude
      that thyroid hormones bind specifically to apolipoproteins, although additional
      binding by solubilization in the lipid components of the lipoproteins may also
      occur.

PMID- 3379136
TI  - Treatment of obese, diet-restricted subjects with growth hormone for 11 weeks:
      effects on anabolism, lipolysis, and body composition.
AB  - We found in a previous study that injections of GH for 3 weeks caused nitrogen
      conservation despite restriction of intake to 24 Cal (100 kJ)/kg ideal BW (IBW).
      To determine the effects of longer periods of treatment and further caloric
      restriction on nitrogen balance, lipolysis, and body composition, 20 obese (30
      67% over IBW) subjects (16 women and 4 men; 20-54 yr old) were fed a diet of 18
      Cal (75 kJ)/kg IBW with 1.2 g protein/kg IBW daily for 13 weeks. During weeks 2
      12, 10 subjects received injections of recombinant methionyl GH (0.1 mg/kg IBW
      every other day), and the other 10 sex-, age-, and weight-matched subjects were
      given injections of saline. There were no significant differences between the two
      groups in total weight loss [GH, 13.9 +/- 3.0 (+/- SD) kg; saline, 15.2 +/- 3.8
      kg ) or the percentage of body fat lost (GH, 8.1 +/- 2.4%; saline, 7.5 +/- 1.5%),
      although GH injection caused a significant acute increment in serum FFA
      concentrations (GH, 0.53 +/- 0.37 mmol/L; saline, 0.08 +/- 0.22 mmol/L; P less
      than 0.001) throughout the study. This acute lipolytic response to GH decreased
      significantly, from 0.86 +/- 0.32 mmol/L on day 1 of GH treatment to 0.35 +/-
      0.41 mmol/L by day 35 of GH injection (P less than 0.01). Nitrogen balance was
      significantly more positive in the group receiving GH during the first 33 days of
      the GH injection period [GH, +0.07 +/- 1.82 g/day (+5.0 +/- 130.0 mmol/day);
      saline, -1.91 +/- 1.10 g/day (-136.3 +/- 78.5 mmol/day); P less than 0.001].
      During the last 44 days of GH injection, however, the nitrogen balance in the two
      groups was similar [GH, -0.90 +/- 1.65 g/day (-64.2 +/- 117.8 mmol/day); saline, 
      1.08 +/- 0.95 g/day (-77.1 +/- 67.8 mmol/day); P = NS]. Mean plasma insulin-like
      growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations rose from a basal value of 1.6 +/- 0.8 to
      2.9 +/- 1.2 U/mL by 48 h after the first GH injection and ranged subsequently
      from 3.2 +/- 1.3 to 4.9 +/- 3.3 U/mL during GH injection (P less than 0.001). In
      contrast, the mean IGF-I concentration did not change in the group that received
      saline. Dietary restriction during the first week of study caused serum T3
      concentrations to decline in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3379138
TI  - Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates iodide uptake, adenylate cyclase, and
      deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured rat thyroid cells.
AB  - hCG stimulates thyroid function, but it has been suggested that it is impurities
      in commercial hCG preparations or a variant of hCG that are responsible for the
      thyrotropic activity. In this study, we tested the thyrotropic activity of
      purified and commercial hCG and compared its action with that of bovine TSH
      (bTSH) in cultured rat FRTL-5 cells in regard to stimulation of iodide uptake,
      activation of adenylate cyclase, and synthesis of DNA. Iodide uptake was measured
      after incubation of the cells for 48-72 h with the test hormones, followed by a
      40-min incubation with 0.1 microCi Na125I and 10 mumol/L carrier NaI; the 125I in
      the washed cells was counted. Adenylate cyclase was measured after incubation of
      the cells with the test stimulators for 3 h in hypotonic medium by RIA of cAMP in
      the medium. DNA synthesis was measured after incubation of the cells with the
      test substances for 24 h, followed by addition of [3H]thymidine for 3 h and then
      measuring the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the cells. Both purified and
      commercial hCG produced a dose-related increase in iodide uptake. The relative
      potency of commercial hCG was 0.024 microU bTSH/U hCG and that of purified hCG
      was 0.042 microU bTSH/U hCG; compared with human TSH, the potency of purified hCG
      was 0.72 microU/U hCG. hCG caused a dose-related increment of adenylate cyclase
      and [3H]thymidine incorporation. The effect of hCG on iodide uptake and
      [3H]thymidine incorporation was additive with that of bTSH; hCG was not an
      antagonist of TSH in these cultured rat thyroid cells. We conclude that hCG has
      intrinsic thyrotropic activity in FRTL-5 cells in regard to stimulation of iodide
      uptake, activation of adenylate cyclase, and stimulation of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3379139
TI  - Correlations of serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, phosphorus, and
      parathyroid hormone in tumoral calcinosis.
AB  - The inherited metabolic disorder tumoral calcinosis is characterized by elevated
      serum phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] levels and
      paraarticular calcific tumors. The pathogenesis of this disease is obscure, but
      an elevated renal phosphate reabsorption threshold and increased production of
      1,25-(OH)2D are postulated as defects. We studied nine affected patients and
      found that both serum phosphorus and renal phosphate reabsorption threshold
      (TmP/GFR) were positively correlated with serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels. Since tumoral
      calcinosis is a disorder with abnormal renal phosphate transport, we compared the
      TmP/GFR and serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels to values obtained in patients with two
      other diseases with renal phosphate transport defects: oncogenic osteomalacia and
      X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. We found a significant correlation between
      TmP/GFR and 1,25-(OH)2D levels in all three diseases, suggesting that in these
      diseases 1,25-(OH)2D production is regulated in some manner by phosphate
      transport. Furthermore, previous work indicated that in tumoral calcinosis broad
      variation exists in serum phosphorus levels. In our patients a negative
      correlation was found between the serum PTH concentrations and both serum
      phosphorus levels and TmP/GFR values, respectively. We postulate that although
      the basic defect in tumoral calcinosis most likely resides in the proximal renal
      tubular cell, the variation in serum phosphorus levels and possibly disease
      expression is modulated in part by PTH.

PMID- 3379140
TI  - Influx of testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) and TeBG-bound sex steroid
      hormones into rat testis and prostate.
AB  - The availability of testosterone and estradiol to Sertoli and prostate cells is
      dependent upon 1) the permeability properties of the blood-tubular barrier (BTB)
      of the testis or prostate cell membrane, and 2) sex steroid binding to plasma
      proteins, such as albumin or testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG). Sex steroid
      influx into these tissues was studied after in vivo arterial bolus injections of
      [3H]testosterone or [3H]estradiol in anesthetized rats. Both testosterone and
      estradiol were readily cleared across the BTB or prostate cell membrane in the
      absence of plasma proteins and in the presence of human pregnancy serum, in which
      testosterone or estradiol are 80-95% distributed to TeBG. The extravascular
      extraction of [3H]TeBG across the BTB or prostate plasma membrane [73 +/- 2% (+/-
      SE) and 92 +/- 9%, respectively] was significantly greater than extraction of
      [3H]albumin or other plasma space markers and indicative of a rapid first pass
      clearance of TeBG by Sertoli or prostate cells. In summary, these studies
      indicate that 1) testosterone and estradiol are readily cleared by Sertoli and
      prostate cells; 2) albumin- and TeBG-bound sex steroids represent the major
      circulating pool of bioavailable hormone for testis or prostate; and 3) the TeBG
      sex steroid complex may be nearly completely available for influx through the BTB
      or prostate plasma membrane.

PMID- 3379141
TI  - Exploration of the clinical profile of rubidium chloride in depression: a
      systematic open trial.
AB  - Thirty-one female inpatient depressives underwent a systematic open trial with
      rubidium chloride, 180 to 720 mg/day. By week 2, at least two-thirds had improved
      significantly (p less than 0.01) as measured by standard rating instruments such
      as the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale.
      Regression analysis suggested that the retarded endogenous pattern was most
      predictive of positive response. Treatment-emergent symptomatology, such as
      diarrhea, polyuria, and excitement, was generally mild and rarely necessitated
      interruption of the trial. The authors conclude that this salt has shown
      sufficient clinical promise to warrant more extensive trials under double-blind
      conditions.

PMID- 3379142
TI  - Exacerbation of panic disorder during propranolol therapy.
AB  - Two patients experienced new onset or worsening of panic disorder during
      treatment with propranolol for tachycardia or palpitations associated with a
      diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. Both patients had a family history of panic
      disorder; one also had a family history of mitral valve prolapse and depression.
      As antidepressant drugs can treat both depression and panic disorder, it would
      not be inconsistent that propranolol might exacerbate either disorder. Other
      possible interpretations of these two cases are discussed.

PMID- 3379144
TI  - Lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorders associated with epilepsy: an open
      study.
AB  - Eight DSM-III bipolar patients with seizure disorders were treated in an open
      study evaluating the effects of maintenance lithium treatment on affective
      relapses and clinical seizure activity. Lithium was effective in preventing the
      recurrence of affective episodes without worsening seizure frequency in patients
      with active seizures and did not induce seizures in those whose seizures were in
      remission. One patient showed remission of both affective and seizure symptoms on
      lithium alone. Lithium appears to be safe and effective in bipolar disorders
      associated with epilepsy and may have an anticonvulsant effect in some patients.

PMID- 3379143
TI  - Haloperidol and prolactin concentrations in Asians and Caucasians.
AB  - Serum haloperidol and prolactin concentrations were measured in 34 normal male
      volunteers (12 Caucasians, 11 American-born Asians, and 11 foreign-born Asians)
      over a 7-hour period after haloperidol administration (0.5 mg given
      intramuscularly or 1.0 mg given orally). The results were similar between the two
      Asian groups but significantly different between Caucasians and Asians. After
      controlling for body surface area, Caucasians still had lower serum haloperidol
      concentrations and less prominent prolactin responses than did Asians.
      Furthermore, the ethnic difference in prolactin responses could not be fully
      accounted for by the differences in serum haloperidol concentrations between the
      two ethnic groups. These results indicate that both pharmacokinetic factors,
      including absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism, and pharmacodynamic
      factors (dopamine receptor-mediated responses) contribute to the difference in
      responses between Caucasians and Asians.

PMID- 3379145
TI  - Nortriptyline in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic
      attacks.
AB  - Thirty-four consecutive patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic
      attacks were treated with nortriptyline at the LAC-USC Medical Center's Anxiety
      Disorders Clinic. Fourteen (67%) of the 21 completers totally lost their panic
      attacks, five (24%) showed partial improvement, and two (10%) showed no
      improvement. The relationship of treatment outcome to pretreatment and
      posttreatment measures of depression is discussed, in addition to the potential
      role of nortriptyline in treating panic attacks in clinical practice.

PMID- 3379146
TI  - Lithium and memory: a long-term follow-up study.
AB  - This study examined the effects of long-term lithium therapy on memory functions
      in 18 patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder. Patients were retested
      on the Wechsler Memory Scale, Benton Visual Retention Test, and Zung Self-Rating
      Depression Scale 6 years after initial testing. Mean memory test scores remained
      remarkably stable over the 6-year interval with only one of the 10 memory
      subtests showing a statistically, but not clinically, significant decrease. The
      sample was split at the median duration of lithium therapy into a long- and
      shorter term group (with means of 12.9 and 5.2 years, respectively). There were
      no significant differences between these groups on any of the memory tests when
      controlled for age and initial memory scores. Negative correlations between
      several memory test scores and the duration of lithium treatment could in part be
      explained by the effects of age. Patients' subjective complaints of impaired
      memory functioning, rated on a visual analogue scale, correlated with the level
      of depression at the second testing as well as with three memory test scores
      measuring immediate and short-term visual recall. The results are discussed in
      view of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample and are
      compared with previous research findings.

PMID- 3379147
TI  - Treatment of negative schizophrenic symptoms with trihexyphenidyl.
AB  - In an effort to investigate reports of possible benefits of trihexyphenidyl on
      residual schizophrenic symptoms, the drug was administered to five chronic
      schizophrenic patients with predominantly negative symptoms. These patients were
      simultaneously receiving various antipsychotic agents without extrapyramidal side
      effects. There was a marked improvement in four of the five patients, mainly in
      the areas of affective flattening, anhedonia-asociality, and avolition-apathy.
      Three of these four patients also reported a reduction in excessive dreaming and
      nightmares experienced prior to the introduction of trihexyphenidyl. Common
      pathogenetic mechanisms for negative schizophrenic symptoms and excessive
      dreaming are discussed. In view of these findings, an investigation of the
      therapeutic benefits of anticholinergic agents in the treatment of negative
      schizophrenic symptoms, and the use of decreased dreaming as a possible marker of
      response, is warranted.

PMID- 3379148
TI  - View from the Nation's Capital.
AB  - After several years of intensive debate and drafting, Congress has newly enacted
      legislation that will substantially change the traditional system by which drugs
      are distributed to physicians. While Congress acted with some specific and well
      defined abuses before it, it had little empirical data that these changes would
      or could be effective to deal with the abuses. In the past, when Congress has
      enacted comprehensive legislation (changes in the Tax Code are a recent example),
      it has generally had to pass correcting legislation in the next session. It
      remains to be seen whether this Act will work without substantial corrections,
      particularly given the widespread disfavor it has met in the drug industry.
      Hopefully, it is the questionable drug practices that will be ended, rather than
      simply the convenient access physicians have long had both to established and
      newly approved drug products. An unfortunate but likely side effect of the Act is
      that data will be generated in the field if physicians can no longer easily
      receive free samples for distribution to patients without cost and for subsequent
      monitoring of drug safety and efficacy.

PMID- 3379149
TI  - Performance anxiety and panic disorder.

PMID- 3379150
TI  - Buspirone-induced hypomania: a case report.

PMID- 3379152
TI  - Auditory hallucinations induced by prazosin.

PMID- 3379151
TI  - Rapid remission of organic mania after treatment with lorazepam.

PMID- 3379153
TI  - The neuroleptic malignant syndrome manifested as a prolonged confusional state.

PMID- 3379154
TI  - An anticholinergic crisis associated with cyproheptadine treatment of desipramine
      induced inorgasmia.

PMID- 3379155
TI  - Does amitriptyline potentiate euphorigenic effects of ethanol?

PMID- 3379156
TI  - GABAergic elements in the neuronal circuits of the monkey neostriatum: a light
      and electron microscopic immunocytochemical study.
AB  - An antibody raised in rabbits against a GABA-BSA conjugate was used together with
      the PAP technique to label elements in the neostriatum of three Old World
      monkeys. Light microscopy revealed numerous immunoreactive medium-size neurons of
      various staining intensities, some of which had indented nuclei, as well as an
      occasional large cell. The neuropil showed a plexus of fine processes with
      frequent puncta. Ultrastructurally, the medium-size GABA-positive neurons were of
      two types: one with smooth nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, similar to spiny I cells,
      the other with invaginated nuclear envelopes and more abundant perikaryon,
      resembling the aspiny type. Correspondingly, labeled dendrites were either spiny
      or varicose. Some stained axons were myelinated, and the boutons had either large
      and ovoid, or small and pleomorphic vesicles. All of these boutons formed
      symmetric synapses, the former type with GABA-positive dendritic shafts but also
      with unlabeled dendrites; the latter type usually with GABA-negative elements,
      either dendrites, dendritic spines, or somata. Synapses were also observed
      between unreactive boutons and immunostained dendrites. Terminals with densely
      packed, small round vesicles that established asymmetric synapses with spines
      were always GABA-negative. Glial elements were consistently unlabeled, save for
      some astroglial endfeet. These findings provide positive evidence for the
      existence of two classes of GABAergic striatal neurons corresponding to a long
      axoned spiny I type and an aspiny interneuron. Furthermore, the simultaneous
      labeling of GABA-immunoreactive presynaptic and postsynaptic profiles offers
      possible morphologic bases for the various kinds of intrastriatal inhibitory
      processes, including the feedforward, feedback, and "autaptic" types.

PMID- 3379157
TI  - Ultrastructural study of large efferent neurons in the superior colliculus of the
      cat after retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The ultrastructure of large neurons in the stratum griseum intermedium of the cat
      superior colliculus was examined following injections of horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) into the dorsal tegmental decussation. Four HRP-labeled cells were
      selected, and the synaptology of their cell bodies and selected regions of
      proximal and distal dendrites was examined. The four neurons represent four
      morphologically distinct cell types: multipolar radiating, tufted, large
      vertical, and medium-sized trapezoid radiating. These four neurons correspond
      with cell types X1, X2, X3, and T1 respectively, according to the recent
      classification of neurons in the superior colliculus of the cat by Moschovakis
      and Karabelas (J. Comp Neurol. 239:276-308, '85). The three X type neurons are
      similar in having 83% of their somata and over 74% of their proximal dendrites
      contacted by synaptic profiles. Distal dendrites of the X type neurons, however,
      receive fewer synaptic contacts. In contrast, in the T1 cell, only 69% of the
      soma membrane is contacted by synaptic profiles, and the synaptic coverage on
      proximal and distal dendrites does not vary much from this. Of the eight types of
      synaptic terminals described in the stratum griseum intermedium of the cat
      superior colliculus by Norita (J. Comp. Neurol. 190:29-48, '80), only five are
      found in contact with the X and T type efferent neurons described here. There are
      some regional differences in terminal distribution, although each terminal is
      represented on each cell. Type III terminals (small, contain mostly pleomorphic
      vesicles, and make symmetrical contacts) are the most abundant on cell bodies and
      dendrites of all four cell types. Terminal types II (medium-sized, containing
      round and flattened vesicles, and making asymmetrical contacts), and IV (medium
      to large in size, containing flattened vesicles, and making symmetrical contacts)
      are well represented. In general, terminal types I (small, containing densely
      packed round vesicles, and making asymmetrical contacts) and VI (small and
      irregular in shape, containing flattened vesicles and making symmetrical
      contacts) are found infrequently. The identity of different types of synaptic
      terminal is discussed.

PMID- 3379158
TI  - Location of motoneurons supplying upper neck muscles in the chicken studied by
      means of horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The distribution of motoneurons innervating the upper cervical muscles, biventer
      cervicis, splenius capitis, complexus, rectus capitis dorsalis, rectus capitis
      lateralis, and rectus capitis ventralis in the chicken was examined by retrograde
      transport of horseradish peroxidase. Labeled motoneurons supplying upper neck
      muscles ranged from 30 to 60 micron in diameter and were located within two
      subnuclei in the brainstem. The rostrocaudal distributions of motoneurons
      projecting to individual cervical muscles ranged from 3 to 9 mm in length, both
      rostral and caudal to the obex. Detailed analysis of the data showed that the
      more dorsally positioned subnucleus projected mainly to the hypaxial muscles,
      i.e., the rectus capitis ventralis and lateralis, whereas the ventral subnucleus
      supplied chiefly the epaxial muscles, i.e., the biventer cervicis and splenius
      capitis. The complexus and rectus capitis dorsalis were innervated by both of
      these subnuclei. Historically these dorsal and ventral subnuclei, respectively,
      have been called the nucleus hypoglossus ventralis and the nucleus hypoglossus
      ventralis ventrolateralis. In view of the observation that these nuclei do not
      undergo retrograde degeneration following section of the hypoglossal nerves, this
      older nomenclature is misleading. In agreement with other authors, we suggest
      that these motoneuron groups should be collectively referred to as the nucleus
      supraspinalis.

PMID- 3379159
TI  - Circadian regulation of retinomotor movements: II. The role of GABA in the
      regulation of cone position.
AB  - Cone photoreceptor movements in lower vertebrates are regulated by the
      interaction of the light-dark cycle and an endogenous circadian clock. We have
      suggested that melatonin and dopamine interact to regulate dark- and light
      adaptive movements, respectively, and that melatonin affects cones indirectly by
      inhibiting dopamine release. In fact, any factor modulating dopaminergic neurons
      in the retina may have effects on either cone elongation or contraction. We have
      utilized an in vitro eyecup preparation from the African clawed frog, Xenopus
      laevis, to evaluate a possible role of the neurotransmitter GABA, which is
      thought to tonically suppress dopamine release. GABA agonists mimic the effects
      of darkness and induce cone elongation; the effects of GABA agonists are blocked
      by dopamine. Muscimol-induced cone elongation occurs at low light intensity but
      is inhibited by bright light in eyecups prepared from cyclic-light-maintained
      animals. Although neither melatonin nor muscimol stimulates cone elongation in
      bright light, simultaneous application of both drugs induces elongation. The GABA
      antagonist picrotoxin induces cone contraction which is blocked by the dopamine
      receptor antagonist spiroperidol, which suggests that GABA may affect cone
      movement in Xenopus by regulating dopamine neurons. Consistent with this,
      picrotoxin-induced cone contraction is Ca+2 dependent and is blocked by high Mg+2
      or the Ca+2 antagonist nifedipine. Pharmacological analysis suggests that the
      effects of GABA may result from its action at more than one receptor subtype. Our
      results support the hypothesis that dopamine is part of the light signal for cone
      contraction and that its suppression is part of the signal for cone elongation.

PMID- 3379161
TI  - Axonal domains within shared touch domes in the rat: a comparison of their fate
      during conditions favoring collateral sprouting and following axonal
      regeneration.
AB  - Low-threshold mechanosensory nerves in the adult rat differ both from their
      counterparts in lower vertebrates and from high-threshold nociceptive nerves in
      mammals in that they appear not to undergo collateral sprouting into adjacent
      denervated skin, although they will clearly regenerate into it after they are
      damaged. We have now studied the growth capabilities of the low-threshold nerves
      supplying touch domes, the visible mechanosensory structures scattered throughout
      the hairy skin. Touch domes in the rat are often multiply innervated. A
      serendipitous observation on such domes allowed us to investigate the possibility
      that a functional collateral sprouting of their nerves can indeed occur, but only
      to a spatially very restricted extent, e.g., within the confines of a partially
      denervated dome. We used a "prodder" with a tip diameter of 16 micron to examine
      the mechanosensory profile across single domes that were preselected as being
      supplied by only two axons, one running in each of two adjacent dorsal cutaneous
      nerves (DCNs). Simultaneous recordings were made of the afferent discharges
      evoked in these nerves when the prodder was applied at about 17 or more locations
      on a selected dome; the spatial resolution was better than 55 micron. We found
      that within such a shared dome, one axon can supply a discrete territory (its
      "domain"), which may or may not overlap with the corresponding domain of the
      other axon. In a preliminary electron microscopic study, we found no evidence for
      a sharing of single Merkel cells, which are the specialized sensory cells in
      touch domes, even in the regions of a shared dome where two domains overlapped;
      each innervated Merkel cell appeared to be contacted by a single nerve ending,
      implying that in a shared dome each axon probably supplies an exclusive
      subpopulation of the Merkel cells. We tested for functional collateral sprouting
      by eliminating one nerve to a shared dome, and at a selected time thereafter
      mapping the domain of the remaining axon to see whether it had enlarged. The
      result was the same whether the two domains initially had a region of overlap or
      not; no expansion of the surviving domain occurred over postoperative periods up
      to 4 months (an expansion of the domain by 55 micron would have been detected).
      Thus functional collateral sprouting had failed to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3379160
TI  - Ultrastructural visualization of primate cone photoreceptor matrix sheaths.
AB  - Glycoconjugates, including glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, are
      present in the plasma membrane of photoreceptor cells and in the
      interphotoreceptor matrix surrounding photoreceptor cell ellipsoids and outer
      segments. Although the precise function of these molecules is unknown, they may
      be important in mediating photoreceptor-pigment epithelial cell interactions,
      outer segment membrane assembly, and/or disc shedding. Lectins, affinity ligands
      for defined carbohydrate sequences, have proven particularly useful in studying
      the glycoconjugate composition of the interphotoreceptor matrix. The peanut
      lectin selectively binds to domains of the interphotoreceptor matrix surrounding
      cone ("cone matrix sheaths"), but not rod inner and outer segments. This is
      evidence for the existence of chemical and structural heterogeneity within the
      interphotoreceptor matrix. The studies described herein utilized ultrastructural
      pre-embedding histochemical labeling to assess whether, in addition to the
      surrounding interphotoreceptor matrix, peanut lectin binding is associated
      directly with that plasma membrane of cone inner and outer segments. This study
      confirms that ferritin-conjugated peanut agglutinin binds to cone matrix sheaths,
      and, in addition, provides ultrastructural evidence for the presence of binding
      to the plasma membrane surrounding cone inner and outer segments. The data
      suggest that cone membrane-associated peanut agglutinin-binding molecules may
      differ from those located within cone matrix sheaths.

PMID- 3379162
TI  - Intrinsic connections of the retrohippocampal region in the rat brain: III. The
      lateral entorhinal area.
AB  - This paper describes the retrohippocampal projections of individual layers of the
      lateral entorhinal area as studied by the method of anterograde transport of the
      lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the rat. As in the medial
      entorhinal area (EA), (Kohler, '86a) PHA-L injections restricted to individual
      layers of the lateral EA resulted in labeling of sparse projections to the
      subicular complex (e.g., subiculum, pre- and parasubiculum), whereas projections
      to the perirhinal area and piriform cortex were prominent. All PHA-L injections
      resulted in the labeling of axons projecting longitudinally within the entorhinal
      area, in both dorsal and ventral directions, albeit the ventral projections were
      the most prominent ones. PHA-L injections into layers 2a and 2b resulted in
      labeling of axons that could be followed into layers 2a, 2b, and layer 1 on both
      sides of the injection site. Whereas numerous axons appeared to terminate in
      layer 2, most fibers ascended into layer 1, where they ran in a medial direction,
      passing the medial EA, around the parasubiculum to the presubiculum. Numerous
      axons were found to take a lateral route running past the lateral aspect of the
      lateral EA to the piriform cortex. The axons running medial in layer 2 did not
      enter the medial EA. After PHA-L injections into layer 3, a large number of axons
      left the labeled cells on both sides of the injection site, in addition to
      massive projections that ascended into layers 2b, 2a and 1, just above the
      injection. Few axons entered layers 2-6 of the medial EA, but numerous axons
      innervated layer 1, where they were found to run in the outer half of this layer.
      The axons running in a medial direction reached layer 1 of the presubiculum,
      whereas the laterally oriented ones innervated the molecular layer of the
      piriform cortex. PHA-L injections into layer 4 resulted in massive labeling of
      projections to all superficially located layers. Layers 1, and 2b through 5 were
      innervated lateral to, and layer 4 medial to, the injection site. After a PHA-L
      injection into layer 5, ascending projections were found innervating layers 1
      through 4. The terminal fields were found to be particularly dense in the deep
      parts of layer 3 and in layer 1. This projection expanded laterally, but few
      projections reached into the medial sector of the lateral EA or into the medial
      EA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3379163
TI  - GABA immuno-electron microscopic study of the nucleus of the optic tract in the
      rabbit.
AB  - The pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) was investigated
      immunocytochemically with an antiserum against gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
      employing the pre-embedding peroxidase antiperoxidase technique at the light
      microscopic level and the postembedding colloidal gold technique at the electron
      microscopic level. GABA immunoreactivity was observed in cell bodies of different
      sizes and as punctate structures in the neuropil. In the electron microscope,
      besides immunoreactive dendrites, four different types of terminals were found to
      be GABA-immunopositive; three types of terminals with clustered and flattened
      vesicles (F-profile) and a fourth type with pleomorphic vesicles, presumably of
      dendritic origin (P-profile). Both P- and F-profiles formed symmetrical synapses
      with dendritic profiles arranged in clusters ensheathed by glial elements. GABA
      immunopositive terminals were observed in synaptic contact with somata and
      retinal terminals (R-profiles) that were always GABA-immunonegative. Some GABA
      immunopositive somata showed presynaptic contacts with dendrites. The presence of
      GABA in numerous distinct elements in the NOT and the diversity in labeled somata
      and terminals demonstrate the importance of the inhibitor neurotransmitter in the
      NOT and suggest that its function is not limited to interneurons.

PMID- 3379164
TI  - Retinal projections to the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii): I. Normal topography.
AB  - The topography of retinal projections to the superior colliculus and dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus of a wallaby, the tammar (Macropus eugenii), was
      investigated by an anatomical method. Small laser lesions were made in the
      retinas of experimental animals, and the remaining retinal projections were
      visualized by means of horseradish-peroxidase histochemistry. The position of
      each lesion was correlated with the position of the filling defects in the
      terminal label. The whole of the retina projects to the contralateral superior
      colliculus. The nasal retina is represented caudally, and the temporal retina
      rostrally. The ventral retina is represented medially, and the dorsal retina
      laterally. There is a projection to the ipsilateral superior colliculus, but it
      is patchy and its topography could not be determined by this method. The
      retinotopic map in the contralateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus has the
      nasal retina represented rostrally and the temporal retina caudally in the
      nucleus. The dorsal retina is represented ventrally, and the ventral retina is
      represented dorsally. It appears that the whole of the retina projects
      contralaterally, and in addition the temporal retina projects ipsilaterally. The
      maps of visual space through the two eyes were shown to be in topographic
      register in the binocular region by making a deposit of HRP in the visual cortex.
      This resulted in a column of retrogradely labeled cells in the nucleus. This
      column crossed the laminae, which are innervated by the ipsilateral and
      contralateral eye at right angles.

PMID- 3379165
TI  - Retinal projections to the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate
      nucleus in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii): II. Topography after rotation
      of an eye prior to retinal innervation of the brain.
AB  - Retinal projections to visual centers in a marsupial mammal, the tammar wallaby
      (Macropus eugenii), have been investigated after an eye rotation prior to retinal
      innervation of the brain. Retinal topography to the superior colliculus and
      dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was mapped by using laser lesions of the retina
      and horseradish peroxidase histochemistry. Despite the change in orientation of
      optic axon outgrowth from the developing eye after rotation, retinal ganglion
      cells made orderly connections in the colliculus and geniculate according to
      their original retinal position within the eye and not their rotated position.
      Axons must have corrected their pathways at some point between the back of the
      eye and their targets. The optic chiasm was one such site. Optic axons from the
      rotated eye took an abnormal course at the caudal end of the chiasm. Growth of
      optic axons through aberrant pathways in the brain did not preclude specific
      innervation of targets. When by chance optic axons entered through the oculomotor
      nerve root they specifically innervated their correct visual centers, albeit in
      reduced density, and did not innervate inappropriate targets. These results
      support the idea of specific interactions between growing axons, the pathways
      they grow along, and their targets.

PMID- 3379166
TI  - Morphological and physiological development of olfactory receptor cells in
      rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos.
AB  - The morphological and functional differentiation of the olfactory receptor cells
      were investigated in developing rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos by means
      of light and electron (transmission and scanning) microscopy and
      electrophysiology. Ciliated receptor cells first appeared when the olfactory
      placode was folded to form a groovelike structure rostrad to the eye at stage 24
      (day 18; 18 days postfertilization). Ciliated receptor cells predominated until
      immature microvillar receptor cells developed in stage 28 (day 26) embryos. At
      stage 29, the day of hatching, the anterior edge of the olfactory epithelium
      contained only ciliated receptor cells, and the midregion contained both ciliated
      and microvillar receptor cells. Spontaneous neural firing activity was recorded
      from the olfactory mucosa as early as stage 25. The neural responses to amino
      acids were initially recorded from stage 26 embryos, containing sparse ciliated
      receptor cells with a few short cilia. The D-enantiomers of amino acids were less
      effective. From these results we concluded that in rainbow trout the olfactory
      receptor cell has two separate morphological forms, ciliated and microvillar.
      These are ontogenetically distinct; the ciliated receptor cells preceded the
      microvillar. The ciliated receptor cells respond to amino acid stimulation.

PMID- 3379168
TI  - Influence of dietary cation-anion balance on milk, blood, urine, and rumen fluid
      in lactating dairy cattle.
AB  - Twelve lactating Holstein cows were blocked according to age and milk production
      into groups of three cows and assigned to three 4 x 4 Latin squares in a split
      plot design with subtreatments. Treatments on each square were four diets
      formulated to provide -10, 0, +10, or +20 meq/Na + K) -Cl/100 g diet DM. The four
      balances were achieved on squares 1, 2, and 3 by manipulating Na, K, and Cl,
      respectively. Actual milk yield was 8.6% higher on +20 than -10 averaged across
      the three squares. Blood pH and bicarbonate increased linearly with dietary
      cation-anion balance. Rumen pH increased linearly with dietary cation-anion
      balance, but fermentation patterns were largely unaffected. Urine pH increased
      linearly and quadratically with increasing dietary cation-anion balance. Square
      times balance response differences proved nonsignificant for all parameters
      except blood bicarbonate and rumen isovalerate, indicating responses could be
      attributed to the dietary cation-anion balance itself rather than to the effects
      of a single ion. Regulation of dietary cation-anion balance may become a useful
      tool for improving the performance of lactating dairy cattle.

PMID- 3379167
TI  - Macrominerals in guinea pig milk during 21 days of lactation.
AB  - Milk samples were obtained daily from English short-hair albino guinea pigs for
      21 d. Analyses included six macrominerals: Ca, P, K, chloride, Na, and Mg (in
      order of decreasing concentration). All minerals except K gradually increased in
      concentration from the beginning to the end of lactation. Calcium concentration
      began at 38 mM on d 1 and was 78 mM on d 21. The pattern of increase was
      quadratic: Y (mM) = 39 -.48X (day of lactation) + .11 X2. Phosphorus
      concentration was 38 mM on d 1 and highest at 51 mM on d 21. Chloride was 19 mM
      on d 1 and 68 mM on d 21. Sodium was 13 mM on d 1 and highest at 42 mM on d 21.
      Magnesium was 11 mM on d 1 and was highest on d 18 (13 mM). However, K was 31 mM
      on d 1, reached a high of 33 mM on d 3, and was lowest on d 19 (12 mM). These
      changes in concentration and previously reported volume changes suggest
      alterations in functional capacities of ionic transport mechanisms of secretory
      cell membranes in this species.

PMID- 3379170
TI  - Influence of sodium chloride and potassium bicarbonate on udder edema and
      selected blood parameters.
AB  - Forty-four first lactation heifers were fed NaCl (23 and 136 g/d) or KHCO3 (0 and
      272 g/d) beginning 42 d prepartum and continuing to 10 d postpartum to study the
      influence of these salts on udder edema and selected blood parameters. Addition
      of NaCl or KHCO3 singly to the diet significantly increased the severity of udder
      edema, but the addition of both salts did not increase edema. Blood samples were
      collected from the jugular vein at 42 d prepartum and at 1, 3, and 10 d
      postpartum. Hematocrit and pH were measured on whole blood and osmolarity on
      serum samples. Concentrations of protein, Ca, Na, K, and Cl in serum were also
      determined. Serum total proteins were reduced and serum osmolarity was increased
      in the cows fed NaCl. Blood pH was elevated in the group receiving KHCO3. Serum K
      was higher in groups receiving supplemental KHCO3. No differences across dietary
      treatments were observed in the other parameters. Although addition of NaCl or
      KHCO3 to the diet increased the severity of udder edema, the exact mechanism
      causing edema could not be determined.

PMID- 3379169
TI  - Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin on milk production, body composition,
      and physiological parameters.
AB  - Twenty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were utilized to determine effects of long
      term administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin on lactational
      performance, body condition, body composition, hormones, blood constituents, and
      physiological parameters. Treatments were 0 (control), 10.3, 20.6, and 41.2 mg
      recombinant bovine somatotropin administered daily as subcutaneous injections
      beginning 4 to 5 wk postpartum and continuing for 38 wk. A total mixed diet of
      28% corn silage, 22% alfalfa hay cubes, and 50% corn-soybean meal-based grain
      mixture was fed. Fat-corrected milk yields were increased 12 to 25% for cows
      treated with somatotropin as compared with controls (29.9 kg/d). Milk composition
      was similar among treatments. Cows receiving somatotropin consumed 4 to 10% more
      feed and were 11 to 17% more efficient than controls for conversion of feed to
      milk. Body weight changes were not significantly different among treatments, but
      cows receiving somatotropin gained 4 to 10% less weight than controls. Body fat
      (kg) of cows receiving 20.6 and 41.2 mg/d was less than that of cows receiving
      10.3 mg/d or no somatotropin. Estimated weights of body protein and mineral, most
      blood constituents, respiratory rates, and body temperature were not affected by
      somatotropin administration. Plasma fatty acids were elevated and hematocrit
      values were reduced. Plasma insulin, serum somatotropin, and heart rate increased
      concurrently with somatotropin administration.

PMID- 3379171
TI  - Sodium sesquicarbonate for early lactation dairy cows fed corn silage-based
      diets.
AB  - An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium
      sesquicarbonate on milk production and composition, feed intake, ruminal
      fermentation, and urine pH and composition in 32 multiparous Holstein cows in
      early lactation. Cows were fed high energy diets of 50% corn silage: 50%
      concentrate containing 0 or .75% sodium sesquicarbonate (total ration DM basis)
      for 84 d postpartum. Sodium sesquicarbonate increased milk fat percentage (3.46
      vs. 3.27%), milk fat yield (1.39 vs. 1.26 kg), and 4% FCM yield (37.1 vs. 34.7
      kg) but did not affect milk yield, milk protein percentage or yield, feed intake,
      ruminal fluid pH, or ruminal VFA profile. Urine composition was not affected by
      sodium sesquicarbonate, but urine pH (8.14 vs. 8.04) and total urine output as
      estimated by creatinine concentration were higher than that of controls. In
      summary, sodium sesquicarbonate, added as .75% of the ration DM, was effective in
      improving milk fat percentage, milk fat yield, and 4% FCM yield in early
      lactation dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets.

PMID- 3379172
TI  - Particle size reduction of alfalfa silage did not alter nutritional quality of
      high forage diets for dairy cattle.
AB  - Twelve multiparous, lactating Holsteins were fed an energy adequate diet (50%
      wilted alfalfa silage) and two isonitrogenous diets containing 80% of the same
      silage. The two 80% alfalfa diets were identical in all respects except that for
      one diet 38% of the alfalfa silage was rechopped after fermentation to reduce the
      particle length from 5.63 to 3.12 mm. Feeding the 80% alfalfa diets decreased
      milk production due to limitation of digestible energy intake. Under conditions
      of energy restriction, reduction of particle size of alfalfa silage after
      fermentation did not result in any changes in feed intake, feed digestibility, or
      milk production. The results do not preclude the possibility of some changes for
      intake or digestibility with more extensive reductions in particle length of
      alfalfa silage. However, because the extent of forage particle size reduction is
      limited by nutritional and economic constraints, the results of this study
      indicate that there is no practical advantage to reducing the particle size of
      fermented alfalfa beyond that required for adequate fermentation.

PMID- 3379173
TI  - Effects of citrus molasses distillers solubles and molasses on rumen parameters
      and lactation.
AB  - Effects of dietary citrus molasses distillers solubles (0, 6, 12, and 18% of DM)
      on diet digestibility and ruminal parameters were studied with four fistulated
      Holstein cows fed each diet in Latin square sequence. Diets were 25% cottonseed
      hulls with solubles substituted for corn. Dry matter and organic matter
      digestibilities were increased curvilinearly with peak at 6%. Crude protein
      digestibility was depressed linearly and ADF curvilinearly with added solubles.
      Ruminal acetic acid proportion increased linearly and propionic acid decreased
      curvilinearly. Change in butyric acid was small with 0, 6, and 12% solubles but
      it increased dramatically with 18%. In a 36-cow (107 cow-period) lactation
      experiment with corn silage-based and cottonseed hull-based diets (0, 3, 6, and
      9% solubles) milk yield increased; the diet containing 6% solubles gave highest
      production. We compared cane molasses (3 and 6%), liquid hemicellulose extract
      (3%, Masonex), and liquid lignin sulfonate (3%, Flambeau) added to cottonseed
      hull diets. Linear increases in milk yield and FCM were obtained with cane
      molasses; Flambeau and Masonex effects on production were not different from
      control. With diets and amounts used in these experiments, citrus molasses
      solubles and cane molasses each at up to 6% of DM nutritionally were superior to
      corn.

PMID- 3379174
TI  - Effect of excess dietary iron on lipid composition of calf liver, heart, and
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - Effect of excess dietary iron on lipid composition of calf liver, skeletal
      muscle, and heart was assessed. High dietary iron (5000 versus 100 ppm in milk
      replacer DM) had no effect on the relative proportion of lipid classes in liver
      or their unsaturated fatty acid composition. In muscle some minor lipid
      components were reduced and cholesterol and sphingomyelin increased. Excessive
      iron had a marked effect, however, on heart lipid composition, reducing total
      lipids and almost all lipid classes; triglycerides, sphingomyelin, and
      lysophosphatidylcholine were increased. Characteristically, sphingomyelin
      increases in cell membranes in response to aging and numerous pathological
      conditions. High dietary iron reduced linolenic acid in phosphatidyl-ethanolamine
      and phosphatidylcholine of both skeletal and cardiac muscle. This may have
      resulted from iron-caused ethane production from autoxidation of linolenic acid
      or other n-3 family fatty acids, an effect known to occur in the rat. Linoleic
      and arachidonic fatty acids appeared to be unaffected. Plasmalogens in muscle and
      heart phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were increased by high
      iron intake. As these alk-1-enyl ethers protect cells from oxidation and
      radiation damage, their synthesis may have been increased in response to stress
      from excessive iron. The results indicate that a relatively high concentration of
      vitamin E may be required in calf milk replacer when excessive iron is present.

PMID- 3379175
TI  - Binding of selenium-75 to blood and liver cytosolic proteins in the preruminant
      calf.
AB  - Labeled selenite (75Se) administered to calves in milk replacer, containing .2 or
      5 ppm Se, was rapidly absorbed with peak blood 75Se at 6 h. Gel filtration and
      dialysis treatment of plasma and erythrocyte hemolysates showed that initially
      75Se was transported in blood as 75SeO3= or loosely bound to plasma and
      erythrocyte proteins. At high Se intake, albumin became a transport protein for
      some of the plasma 75Se, and proportionately more blood radioactivity was carried
      in the erythrocytes. At 72 h after dosing, most plasma 75Se was tightly bound to
      protein in glutathione peroxidase fraction with low peroxidase activity, possibly
      Se transport protein. At 72 h, distribution of 75Se in erythrocyte was 35 to 40%
      in glutathione peroxidase, 50% in hemoglobin, and 5% in a selenite plus
      selenopolypeptide fraction. Erythrocyte peroxidase activity was mostly in the
      glutathione peroxidase fraction (57%) and hemoglobin (38%). Molecular weight
      estimate for erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was 84,200 daltons; about 90% of
      blood peroxidase activity was in erythrocytes. High Se intake had no marked
      effect on distribution of 75Se among liver cytosolic proteins. About 35% of 75Se
      was in glutathione peroxidase fraction, having most of the peroxidase activity,
      25% in void volume, 11 to 18% in a selenite plus selenopolypeptide fraction, and
      small amounts in selenoproteins of about 12,000 and 50,000 daltons.

PMID- 3379176
TI  - Genetic parameters for clinical mastitis, somatic cell counts, and milk
      production estimated by multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood.
AB  - Heritabilities and genetic correlations for mastitis, SCC, and milk production in
      first lactation were calculated using data from the Swedish disease recording
      system. Genetic parameters were estimated from sire components of variance and
      covariance obtained from a multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood
      procedure. Data were stratified into three subsets according to breed and AI
      stud. The numbers of cows were 46,431, 25,373, and 25,201, respectively.
      Heritabilities of mastitis and SCC averaged .014 and .080, but breed differences
      were seen. Genetic correlations between mastitis and SCC were moderately high,
      averaging .6. Milk production showed a slightly unfavorable genetic correlation
      with mastitis and SCC.

PMID- 3379177
TI  - Comparison between factor analysis from a phenotypic and genetic correlation
      matrix using linear type traits of Holstein dairy cows.
AB  - Data on 18 linear type scores and production data for 43,428 records by 228 sires
      were used to compare two different factor-analyses procedures. Using a genetic
      correlation matrix to obtain a genetic factor matrix showed that the number of
      derived factors could be reduced to seven genetic factors vs. eight phenotypic
      factors. Genetic factors provided a good summary of the data and accounted for
      79.3% of the total variation vs. 69.1% expressed by eight phenotypic factors. A
      comparison between the use of a genetic and phenotypic multiple regression
      analysis showed some difference for the basic rank of factor influence on
      production and herdlife.

PMID- 3379178
TI  - Estimation of mean and median particle size of ruminant digesta.
AB  - An alternative exponential equation with a parameter as an exponent was compared
      to a recently published exponential procedure for estimating mean and median
      particle size. Both equations were fit to literature values for particle size
      distributions of esophageal extrusa, rumen digesta, and feces. In addition, 112
      observations of particle-size distributions of esophageal extrusa were fit to
      both equations for comparison. Both equations gave adequate fits of rumen digesta
      and feces, but the earlier model was biased by regular deviations from observed
      data for esophageal extrusa. Use of the previously published model overestimated
      mean particle size in esophageal extrusa from 4.5 to 10.3%. Median particle size
      was underestimated from 4.9 to 5.6%. Analytic solutions exist for mean and median
      particle sizes for the earlier model, but it is necessary to estimate numerically
      the mean and median particle sizes when using the proposed equation. Even though
      the solution for the proposed equation must be determined numerically, it will
      prevent bias between experimental treatments, give more accurate estimates of
      mean and median particle size, and result in a lower residual sums of squares. In
      addition, a single equation can be used to model particle size reduction
      throughout the digestive tract.

PMID- 3379179
TI  - Degradation of methionine hydroxy analog in the rumen of lactating cows.
AB  - Four lactating cows fitted with T-type cannulae in the proximal duodenum were
      utilized in a 4 X 4 Latin square design to study rumen microbial degradation of
      methionine hydroxy analog, a methionine supplement. A diet consisting of 55%
      concentrate and 45% corn silage was fed ad libitum four times daily. The four
      treatments were 1) control, no methionine hydroxy analog, 2) methionine hydroxy
      analog in the form of a calcium salt, 3) methionine hydroxy analog in the acid
      form, and 4) DL-methionine. The amino acids were incorporated into a grain mix,
      which was top-dressed. All diets were isonitrogenous. Twelve samples of duodenal
      digesta and fecal matter were collected during the last 3 d of each of the four
      14-d periods. Samples were composited for analysis. Microbes either altered or
      degraded 99% of the methionine hydroxy analog in the rumen, since recovery of the
      analog in duodenal digesta was less than 1% of the amount fed for both the acid
      form and the calcium salt.

PMID- 3379180
TI  - Almond hulls in diets for lactating goats: effects on yield and composition of
      milk, feed intake, and digestibility.
AB  - Four cubed rations of similar chemical composition were fed ad libitum to 16
      lactating yearling Alpine goats. The rations contained 0, 15, 25, and 35% almond
      hulls; 0, .5, 1, and 1% urea; and 58.4, 42.5, 32.0, and 22.0% alfalfa hay (DM
      basis). Chromic oxide was added as a digestibility marker. Average nutrient
      composition of diets was 91% DM, 20% CP, 32% NDF, 9% ash, and 4.39 Mcal gross
      energy/kg. Goats were randomly assigned to one of four diet orders in four
      replications of a 4 X 4 Latin square, blocked by goat and period. Data were
      collected in the 3rd wk of each period. Diets containing 25 and 35% almond hulls
      increased DM intake and reduced milk protein percent and digestibilities of DM,
      organic matter, ash, and NDF. Dry matter intake and weight gain were highest for
      the diet containing 35% almond hulls and 1% urea. Results indicate that almond
      hulls and urea can be fed to lactating goats up to these amounts without
      adversely affecting lactation.

PMID- 3379181
TI  - Comparisons of on-farm screening tests for detection of antibiotic residues.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of on-farm tests for
      detection of antibiotic residues in milk and urine. Composite milk samples (n =
      122) were taken from 58 cows receiving antibiotic treatment with a single
      antibiotic by any route of administration. Samples were obtained 72 h
      posttreatment, and sampling continued every 24 h until all residue tests showed a
      negative result for antibiotics. Antibiotic residues were detected by the
      Bacillus stearothermophilus disc assay, the Delvotest P, and the Penzyme test.
      Urine of cull cows was collected and tested for residues with the Live Animal
      Swab Test for antibiotic residues present in slaughter carcasses. No significant
      difference was found between the Bacillus stearothermobilus disc assay and either
      on-farm test. Chi-square analysis indicated that with both the Delvotest and the
      Penzyme test, 17% of samples gave positive results when the disc assay showed
      negative readings. An inordinately high percentage (69%) of urine samples from
      cull cows exhibited antibiotic contamination, although all animals had completed
      the specified withholding periods. Fifteen of these positive results were
      obtained from primiparous cows that had never been treated with any antibiotic.

PMID- 3379182
TI  - Mortality and quality of life after intensive care for critical illness.
AB  - Early and late mortality of 313 ICU patients and the quality of life of 118 long
      term ICU survivors was studied to assess the effectiveness of intensive care for
      critically ill patients. The survival rate at discharge from the ICU was 76%,
      falling to 61% at 6 months and to 58% at 1 year. A simplified acute physiology
      score (SAPS) was recorded on ICU admission, as well as age, length of ICU-stay
      and the number of complications during intensive care. Information on housing,
      drug use, hospital admissions, physical condition and functional status 2 years
      after ICU discharge was collected by means of a questionnaire. No changes in
      housing occurred, but drug use and the number of hospital admissions were
      significantly increased. In 21% of the patients a deteriorated physical condition
      was found, 77% remained unchanged and 2% were improved 2 years after ICU
      discharge, compared to their condition prior to the acute illness. Major
      functional impairment was found in 38% of the patients. Although the longterm
      physical condition and functional status correlated with SAPS and age on ICU
      admission, the best indicator for quality of life after intensive care proved to
      be the health status prior to the acute illness.

PMID- 3379183
TI  - Sepsis associated with central vein catheters in critically ill patients.
AB  - In 440 critically ill patients, the association between different central vein
      catheter insertion sites, the duration of catheter insertion and catheter
      associated sepsis was examined. Of 780 catheter tips studied, 19% were colonized
      by microorganisms. The incidence of colonization varied with the different
      insertion sites. The lowest percentage of colonized catheters occurred with
      catheters inserted via the subclavian vein (15%) and the highest, at the femoral
      vein insertion site (34%, p less than 0.01). The percentage of catheters
      colonized increased as the duration of insertion increased, at all insertion
      sites studied. Catheter colonization was closely related to the development of
      bacteraemia and was associated with approximately 10% of colonized catheters. Our
      results suggest that the subclavian site is associated with the lowest infective
      complication rate. To minimize catheter associated sepsis, catheters at all
      insertion sites should be used with parsimony and only kept in place for the
      minimum amount of time that their continuing use is necessary.

PMID- 3379184
TI  - Intragastric pH measurement using a novel disposable sensor.
AB  - An unique disposable pH sensor molded into the end of a nasogastric tube was
      tested in twelve healthy human volunteers. A Spearman's rank correlation
      coefficient (rs) of 0.90 was observed for the sensor and an indwelling miniature
      glass membrane electrode. The sensor did not correlate as well with aspirated
      stomach fluid (rs = 0.68). No sensor calibration was necessary and the sensors
      measured +/- 0.1 pH in laboratory pH buffers before and after the clinical study.
      Both bare and shielded disposable sensors closely agreed with a shielded
      miniature glass electrode.

PMID- 3379185
TI  - Impairment of organ function after oral ingestion of refined petrol.
AB  - After oral ingestion of 600 ml of refined petrol a 23-year-old male developed
      multiple organ failure. Acute renal insufficiency due to nephrotoxic tubular
      necrosis requiring hemodialysis was a major manifestation. Moreover, respiratory
      failure, seizures, hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver
      damage and erosions of mucous membranes occurred. The patient subsequently
      recovered completely. In spite of the poor absorption from the gastrointestinal
      tract and the high first-pass effect in the liver, massive petrol intoxication
      may lead to reversible multisystemic lesions.

PMID- 3379186
TI  - Pulmonary barotrauma including orbital emphysema following inhalation of toxic
      gas.
AB  - Severe pulmonary barotrauma occurred following smoke and toxic gas inhalation in
      a 20-year-old male. He developed pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and extensive
      facial subcutaneous emphysema which intensified during treatment with positive
      pressure ventilation. Following the appearance of diplopia and exotropia, orbital
      emphysema was demonstrated radiologically. The diplopia and exotropia were
      manifestations of mechanical interference in extra-ocular muscle function by the
      intra-orbital air, an unusual expression of pulmonary barotrauma.

PMID- 3379187
TI  - Myoglobinuric acute renal failure associated with major urological surgery--an
      avoidable problem?
AB  - Recently, the problems associated with crush injury have recently been
      highlighted [1]. The association between major urological surgery and severe
      muscle damage is well recognised [2]. We report a case of myoglobinuric acute
      renal failure following radical cystectomy and suggest possible prevention.

PMID- 3379188
TI  - Intrapulmonary haematoma complicating mechanical ventilation in patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Intrapulmonary haematomas occurred during mechanical ventilation of two patients
      with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bullous dystrophy. In
      both cases, the haematomas were revealed by blood-stained aspirates, a fall in
      haemoglobin level, and the appearance of radiological opacities. Haematoma
      occurrence in the area of a bulla which recently has rapidly increased in size,
      suggests that the haematoma is due to the rupture of stretched vessels embedded
      in the wall of the bulla.

PMID- 3379190
TI  - In defense of defenses.

PMID- 3379189
TI  - Dantrolene in severe tetanus.
AB  - In its most severe form tetanus is treated with prolonged use of neuromuscular
      blockade, and artificial ventilation. We report a case in which the use of
      dantrolene sodium shortened the period of artificial ventilation.

PMID- 3379191
TI  - Partial ADH deficiency vs endogenous fluid overload in hypotonic polyuria.

PMID- 3379192
TI  - Thermodilution for measurement of cardiac output during artificial ventilation.

PMID- 3379193
TI  - Rule-of-thumb for predicting PaO2 changes.

PMID- 3379194
TI  - Swan-Ganz catheter.

PMID- 3379195
TI  - Laser arterial recanalization: a current perspective.

PMID- 3379196
TI  - Effect of isolated proximal coronary stenotic lesions on distal myocardial
      perfusion during exercise.
AB  - This study tested the hypothesis that the absolute dimension of a coronary
      stenotic lesion is a more important determinant of its hemodynamic effect on
      regional myocardial perfusion during exercise than is relative percent stenosis.
      In 31 patients with an isolated lesion of the left anterior descending coronary
      artery, regional myocardial perfusion was determined from thallium-201 scans
      recorded in the left anterior oblique projection after symptom-limited treadmill
      exercise. Thallium-201 uptake in the distribution of the left anterior descending
      coronary artery was expressed as a ratio of thallium-201 uptake in the left
      circumflex artery distribution. Percent area stenosis, minimal cross-sectional
      area and mean diameter of each stenotic lesion were measured by computer-assisted
      cinevideodensitometric analysis of projected coronary arteriograms digitized in a
      512 X 512 pixel matrix with 256 gray levels. Thallium-201 uptake in the left
      anterior descending coronary artery distribution, expressed as a ratio,
      correlated poorly (r = 0.65) with relative percent stenosis, but correlated
      significantly (r = 0.83; p less than 0.05) with absolute lesion area. For all 16
      patients with reduced regional perfusion in the left anterior descending coronary
      artery distribution during exercise, lesion cross-sectional area was less than
      1.8 mm2 (mean 0.9 +/- 0.6); for 13 of the 15 patients with normal distal
      perfusion, the area of the stenotic lesion was greater than 1.8 mm2 (mean 2.7 +/-
      0.7; p less than 0.001). Percent coronary stenosis failed to predict flow
      limiting lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379197
TI  - Diastolic abnormalities in young asymptomatic diabetic patients assessed by
      pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Indexes of left ventricular diastolic filling were measured by pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography in 21 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 21 control
      subjects without clinical evidence of heart disease. No patient had chest pain or
      electrocardiographic changes during exercise testing. The mean age of patients
      was 32 years. All patients had a normal ejection fraction. Six (29%) of the 21
      diabetic patients had evidence of diastolic dysfunction as assessed by the
      presence of at least two abnormal variables of mitral inflow velocity. The ratio
      of peak early to peak late (atrial) filling velocity was significantly decreased
      in diabetic compared with control subjects (1.24 +/- 0.21 versus 1.66 +/- 0.30,
      p. less than 0.001). Atrial filling velocity was significantly increased in
      diabetic patients (74.3 +/- 16.7 versus 60.3 +/- 12.2 cm/s, p less than 0.004),
      whereas early filling velocity was reduced by a nearly significant degree (88.8
      +/- 12.6 versus 98.5 +/- 18.8 cm/s, p less than 0.057). The atrial contribution
      to stroke volume as assessed by area under the late diastolic filling envelope
      compared to total diastolic area was also significantly increased in diabetic
      compared with control subjects (35 versus 27%, p less than 0.001). Left
      ventricular diastolic filling abnormalities in diabetic patients did not
      correlate with duration of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy or peripheral
      neuropathy. These data suggest that approximately one-third of such patients have
      subclinical myocardial dysfunction unrelated to accelerated atherosclerosis.
      Doppler echocardiography may offer a reliable noninvasive means to assess
      diastolic function and to follow up diabetic patients serially for any
      deterioration in cardiac status before the appearance of clinical symptoms.

PMID- 3379198
TI  - Proarrhythmic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with malignant
      ventricular arrhythmias evaluated by electrophysiologic testing.
AB  - The provocation or worsening of arrhythmias by antiarrhythmic regimens was
      evaluated in patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias undergoing
      electrophysiologic studies. In 314 patients with sustained or nonsustained
      ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 801 drug studies were
      performed using a standard protocol of programmed electrical stimulation. The
      criteria for proarrhythmia were: 1) initiation of sustained ventricular
      tachyarrhythmia in a patient in whom only nonsustained tachycardia was induced at
      baseline; 2) conversion of a sustained tachycardia that could be terminated by
      programmed electrical stimulation at baseline to one that required cardioversion
      for termination during drug therapy; 3) initiation of a sustained tachyarrhythmia
      by a less aggressive mode of stimulation than was required at baseline; and 4)
      development of spontaneous or incessant ventricular tachycardia. Proarrhythmia
      criterion 1 occurred during 20 (18%) of 118 studies and at least once in 15 (28%)
      of 54 patients. Criterion 2 was met during 39 (7%) of 578 studies and at least
      once in 29 (13%) of 220 patients. Criterion 3 was achieved during 135 (20%) of
      687 studies in patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias at baseline.
      Criterion 4 occurred during 9 (1%) of 801 drug studies. In 40 patients in whom
      well tolerated ventricular tachycardia was initiated with fewer extrastimuli
      during drug study than at baseline, the drug was continued and the patients were
      followed up. The recurrence rate of tachycardia was the same in these patients as
      in 73 patients followed up on regimens on which the number of extrastimuli
      required for initiation was not reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379199
TI  - Reappraisal of criteria for assessing drug efficacy in patients with ventricular
      tachyarrhythmias: complete versus partial suppression of inducible arrhythmias.
AB  - To test whether increased difficulty in inducing ventricular tachycardia during
      antiarrhythmic therapy can be considered a sufficient criterion for predicting
      long-term efficacy of such therapy in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias,
      95 patients were studied with a graded stimulation protocol (single and double
      premature stimuli during sinus rhythm and ventricular drives of 120, 140, 160 and
      180 beats/min). After a control study, the effects of oral antiarrhythmic drugs
      on the ability to induce ventricular tachycardia were assessed. The median number
      of drug trials was four per patient. After antiarrhythmic therapy, four subgroups
      of patients were identified. In 36 patients, there was no change in inducibility
      (group 1), whereas in 18 patients ventricular tachycardia was rendered more
      difficult to induce; that is, a sustained ventricular tachycardia was inducible
      at a basic drive at least 40 beats/min faster than during the control study
      (group 2). In 34 patients, ventricular tachycardia induction was suppressed
      (group 3) and in 7 patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, only 3 to
      5 repetitive ventricular responses were induced after treatment (group 4). During
      follow-up of 15.5 +/- 11.5 months, 10 patients of group 1 had a recurrence of
      ventricular tachycardia and 6 died suddenly, whereas in group 2 only 1 patient
      died suddenly and in group 3, 2 patients had a recurrence of ventricular
      tachycardia (group 1 versus 2 and 3, p less than 0.001, Mantel-Cox and Breslow;
      group 2 versus 3, no difference). Thus, increased difficulty in inducing
      ventricular tachycardia is a sufficient criterion for predicting long-term
      efficacy of an antiarrhythmic drug regimen.

PMID- 3379200
TI  - Comparison of frequency and time domain analysis of the signal-averaged
      electrocardiogram in patients with ventricular tachycardia and coronary artery
      disease: methodologic validation and clinical relevance.
AB  - Frequency analysis with fast Fourier transform and time domain analysis after
      signal averaging of the electrocardiogram (ECG) have given contradictory results
      in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction.
      Therefore, the same orthogonal ECGs were analyzed in the frequency domain
      (Blackman-Harris window) and the time domain after signal averaging and high
      gain, low noise amplification (0 to 300 Hz) in 30 patients with sustained
      ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction, 15 patients without
      ventricular tachycardia after infarction and 15 healthy subjects. Patients with
      bundle branch block were not excluded. Twenty-one of the 30 patients with
      ventricular tachycardia had late potentials in the time domain and abnormal
      Fourier transform of the ST segment (defined as increased spectral area of 60 to
      120 Hz and spectral peaks greater than 10 dB). Among the remaining nine patients
      with ventricular tachycardia all had no late potentials in the time domain and
      one manifested abnormal frequency spectra. In contrast, of the 15 patients
      without ventricular tachycardia after infarction, 2 had late potentials in the
      time domain and only 1 demonstrated abnormal frequency spectra; none of the
      healthy subjects manifested either phenomenon. Patients with bundle branch block
      were correctly classified by Fourier analysis, but were frequently missed by time
      domain analysis. Normalization of the spectra and area ratio proved potential
      pitfalls, and the choice of an appropriate ST segment was crucial: if the segment
      was long with respect to the duration of the late potentials and if it extended
      too far into the QRS complex, fast Fourier transform yielded random
      results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379201
TI  - Sustained ventricular arrhythmias: differences between survivors of cardiac
      arrest and patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Clinical, angiographic, echocardiographic and electrophysiologic data were
      examined in 101 patients with a history of sustained ventricular arrhythmia not
      associated with acute myocardial infarction. These patients included 66 survivors
      of out of hospital cardiac arrest and 35 patients presenting with hemodynamically
      well tolerated sustained ventricular tachycardia. On univariate analysis,
      patients in the cardiac arrest group had a lower incidence of previous myocardial
      infarction and left ventricular aneurysm and a higher ejection fraction compared
      with the ventricular tachycardia group. During electrophysiologic testing, the
      arrhythmia induced in the patients in the cardiac arrest group was fast and
      polymorphic and frequently degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. In
      contrast, in the ventricular tachycardia group, a slower, monomorphic and
      hemodynamically well tolerated ventricular tachycardia was commonly induced. On
      multivariate analysis, a polymorphic pattern of the induced ventricular
      arrhythmia was the only independent variable that distinguished the survivors of
      cardiac arrest from those presenting with sustained ventricular tachycardia.
      These results suggest that 1) the survivors of cardiac arrest and patients
      presenting with sustained well tolerated ventricular tachycardia are clinically
      distinct groups; and 2) the polymorphic tachycardia induced during programmed
      electrical stimulation in the survivors of cardiac arrest may indicate an
      unstable tachycardia mechanism. This may explain why these patients present with
      ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, whereas others present with
      hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 3379203
TI  - Cardiac tamponade: a comparison of right versus left heart compression.
AB  - It has been postulated that in cardiac tamponade, the hemodynamic effects of
      compression of the right heart chambers and great veins are more important than
      are the effects of left heart compression. In 10 anesthetized dogs with
      surgically compartmented pericardium, the hemodynamic effects of right atrial and
      right ventricular compression were compared with the hemodynamic effects of left
      atrial and left ventricular compression. The effects of right heart compression,
      left heart compression, and then effects of combined right and left heart
      compression, were compared at three levels of intrapericardial pressure: 10, 15
      and 20 mm Hg. Aortic mean pressure decreased significantly at each level of
      intrapericardial pressure with right-sided tamponade but not with left-sided
      tamponade. Left atrial mean pressures decreased significantly with right-sided
      tamponade and increased with left-sided and combined tamponade. Right atrial mean
      pressures increased significantly with right-sided and combined tamponade, but
      not with left-sided tamponade. Heart rate increased significantly with each of
      the three varieties of tamponade. Cardiac output and stroke volume, which
      decreased with each variety of tamponade, were significantly lower during right
      sided than during left-sided tamponade. Combined tamponade lowered stroke volume
      more than did right-sided tamponade, and lowered cardiac output more at 15 and 20
      mm Hg intrapericardial pressure. It is concluded that, in this preparation, right
      sided cardiac compression has more important hemodynamic effects than does left
      sided compression. However, left-sided tamponade still makes a significant
      contribution to the total hemodynamic picture of cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3379202
TI  - Prognosis of patients with ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation:
      role of the underlying etiology.
AB  - The prognosis of 149 patients with ventricular tachycardia (n = 108) or
      ventricular fibrillation (n = 41) was analyzed to assess the importance of the
      underlying etiology of the arrhythmia. Seventy-three patients (Group I) had a
      previous myocardial infarction and documented late sustained monomorphic
      ventricular tachycardia. Thirty-five (Group II) also had a previous myocardial
      infarction but had late ventricular fibrillation. There were 41 patients (Group
      III) without coronary artery disease: 9 patients with right ventricular
      dysplasia, 26 with idiopathic sustained ventricular tachycardia and 6 with
      idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. The mean follow-up period for all patients
      was 22 to 57 months. The total mortality rate in Group I (16%) and Group II (34%)
      and the arrhythmic mortality rate in Group I (5%) and Group II (11%) were
      significantly higher than the rates in Group III. In the latter group the total
      mortality rate was 4% for those with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and 11%
      for those with right ventricular dysplasia, and there were no deaths due to
      arrhythmia (p less than 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction was
      significantly lower and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly
      higher in Group I and Group II than in Group III. There were nonfatal recurrences
      of ventricular tachycardia in 33 to 56% of patients, and the number of these
      episodes did not differ significantly in those with and without coronary artery
      disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379204
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of thrombolytic therapy in patients with a transmural
      anterior myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular aneurysm
      formation.
AB  - To assess the effects of early thrombolytic therapy on the incidence of clinical
      and induced ventricular arrhythmias in high risk postmyocardial infarction
      patients, 32 patients with a transmural anterior myocardial infarction
      complicated by left ventricular aneurysm formation were prospectively evaluated.
      Sixteen patients (Group A) received routine care because of contraindication to
      thrombolytic therapy or other factors and 16 (Group B) received either tissue
      plasminogen activator or streptokinase within 6 h of the onset of chest pain. The
      two groups were similar in left ventricular ejection fraction (mean +/- SD, 28 +/
      9% [Group A] versus 30 +/- 8% [Group B]) and occurrence of spontaneous
      nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, new bundle branch block and congestive
      heart failure. Group B patients had higher peak creatine kinase MB levels (446 +/
      336 versus 205 +/- 120 IU; p = 0.017) and earlier time to peak creatine kinase
      values (13.4 +/- 6.6 versus 19.1 +/- 6.1 h; p = 0.006). Twenty patients who had
      no clinical sustained ventricular arrhythmias underwent electrophysiologic study
      13 +/- 6 days after infarction. Ventricular tachycardia was induced during the
      study in 7 (88%) of 8 Group A patients, but in only 1 (8%) of 12 Group B patients
      given thrombolytic therapy (p = 0.0008). During a mean follow-up period of 11 +/-
      8 months, eight Group A patients (50%) died suddenly or were resuscitated from
      sustained ventricular tachycardia; all Group B patients are alive and have had no
      clinical arrhythmic events (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379205
TI  - Changing concepts of cardiac tamponade.

PMID- 3379206
TI  - Effect on peripheral arterioles of chronic fluid and sodium retention in heart
      failure.
AB  - To determine whether chronic fluid and sodium retention in heart failure
      adversely affects peripheral arteriolar behavior, systemic vascular resistance
      and skeletal muscle vasodilation were compared in eight control dogs and nine
      dogs with chronic fluid and sodium retention (ascites = 2.3 +/- 2.3 liters)
      induced by rapid ventricular pacing for 2 months. At rest, both groups exhibited
      comparable systemic vascular resistance (control 45 +/- 14 versus heart failure
      40 +/- 7 U) and femoral bed vascular resistance (control 18.7 +/- 6.9 versus
      heart failure 19.0 +/- 7.2 x 10(2) U) (both p = NS). Femoral bed resistance also
      decreased similarly in both groups during treadmill exercise (resistance at peak
      exercise: control 4.7 +/- 3.0 versus heart failure 4.9 +/- 0.9 x 10(2) U [p =
      NS]). In isolated gracilis muscle, vascular resistance was also comparable in
      both groups at rest (control 7.3 +/- 3.3 versus heart failure 10.2 +/- 3.6 x
      10(3) U/100 g), at peak exercise (control 1.6 +/- 0.5 versus heart failure 1.8 +/
      0.9 x 10(3) U/100 g) and after maximal vasodilation with papaverine (control 0.7
      +/- 0.3 versus heart failure 0.9 +/- 0.3 x 10(3) U/100 g) (all p = NS). These
      data suggest that chronic fluid and sodium retention in heart failure does not
      alter peripheral arteriolar behavior.

PMID- 3379207
TI  - The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol does not limit infarct size in a canine
      model of 40 minutes of ischemia with reperfusion.
AB  - Free radicals such as superoxide (.O2-) produced by xanthine oxidase might cause
      cell death during reperfusion after myocardial ischemia. The effect of the
      xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol on infarct size in ischemia-reperfusion
      models has been variable, possibly because of differences in treatment duration.
      Adequate inhibition of xanthine oxidase may require a sufficient pretreatment
      period to permit conversion of allopurinol to oxypurinol, the actual inhibitor of
      superoxide production. To test more definitively whether xanthine oxidase-derived
      free radicals cause cell death during reperfusion, the effect of oxypurinol on
      infarct size was evaluated in an ischemia-reperfusion model. Open chest dogs
      underwent 40 min of circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion
      for 4 days. Twelve dogs were treated with oxypurinol (10 mg/kg body weight
      intravenously 10 min before occlusion and 10 mg/kg intravenously 10 min before
      reperfusion) and 11 control dogs received drug vehicle alone (pH 10 normal saline
      solution). Nine control dogs from a concurrent study also were included. Infarct
      size was measured histologically and analyzed with respect to its major baseline
      predictors, including anatomic area at risk and collateral blood flow (measured
      with radioactive microspheres). Infarct size as a percent of the area at risk
      averaged 23.8 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- SEM) in the oxypurinol group (n = 10) and 23.1
      +/- 4.2% in the control group (n = 17) (p = NS). Collateral blood flow to the
      inner two thirds of the ischemic wall averaged 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml/min per g in the
      oxypurinol group and 0.09 +/- 0.02 ml/min per g in the control group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379209
TI  - Prevalence of congenital cardiac anomalies at high altitude.
AB  - The effect of high altitude on the prevalence of congenital heart disease was
      tested by examining 1,116 school children at four study sites in the People's
      Republic of China. Sites ranged in altitude from sea level to 4,500 m above sea
      level. Children were screened by physical examination, and an echocardiogram and
      electrocardiogram were performed on each child suspected of having a cardiac
      anomaly. A high prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defect
      was found at the three high altitude sites and the effect of altitude was
      progressive. Both anomalies were postulated to be the result of the lower
      atmospheric oxygen tension present at high altitude. Failure of lower oxygen
      tension to constrict the ductus is thought to be the mechanism in patent ductus
      arteriosus. It is theorized that the persistence of high pulmonary vascular
      resistance and high right heart pressures at high altitude inhibits early closure
      of the foramen ovale. Subsequent growth may result in stretching of the fossa
      ovalis and incompetence of the flap and may produce an atrial septal defect. The
      high prevalence of atrial septal defect in tetralogy of Fallot is cited as a
      possible analogy because right ventricular pressure is high and right ventricular
      compliance is low from birth.

PMID- 3379208
TI  - The echo-transponder electrode catheter: a new method for mapping the left
      ventricle.
AB  - The ability to locate catheter position in the left ventricle with respect to
      endocardial landmarks might enhance the accuracy of ventricular tachycardia
      mapping. An echo-transponder system (Telectronics, Inc.) was compared with
      biplane fluoroscopy for left ventricular endocardial mapping. A 6F electrode
      catheter was modified with the addition of a piezoelectric crystal 5 mm from the
      tip. This crystal was connected to a transponder that received and transmitted
      ultrasound, resulting in a discrete artifact on the two-dimensional
      echocardiographic image corresponding to the position of the catheter tip.
      Catheters were introduced percutaneously into the left ventricle of nine
      anesthetized dogs. Two-dimensional echo-transponder and biplane fluoroscopic
      images were recorded on videotape with the catheter at multiple endocardial
      sites. Catheter location was marked by delivering radiofrequency current to the
      distal electrode, creating a small endocardial lesion. Catheter location by echo
      transponder and by fluoroscopy were compared with lesion location without
      knowledge of other data. Location by echo-transponder was 8.7 +/- 5.1 mm from the
      center of the radiofrequency lesion versus 14 + 7.8 mm by fluoroscopy (n = 15, p
      = 0.023). Echo-transponder localization is more precise than is biplane
      fluoroscopy and may enhance the accuracy of left ventricular electrophysiologic
      mapping.

PMID- 3379210
TI  - Electrophysiologic consequences of the arterial switch repair of d-transposition
      of the great arteries.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were performed at 12.7 +/- 4 months postoperatively in
      20 patients who had the arterial switch repair at 1 to 120 days (mean 13 +/- 26
      [SD]) for d-transposition of the great arteries. Preoperative electrocardiograms
      (ECGs) at rest revealed an ectopic atrial rhythm in one patient. Postoperative
      rest ECGs revealed transient postoperative ectopic atrial or junctional rhythms
      in two patients, intermittent ectopic atrial rhythms in two and right bundle
      branch block in nine with a normal QRS axis. In addition, ambulatory monitor
      recordings revealed infrequent premature ventricular complexes in five patients.
      Catheter endocardial mapping revealed sinus rhythm in 18 patients and ectopic
      atrial rhythm in 1 patient. Atrial activation after the switch repair was
      comparable with normal atrial activation. Activation of all low atrial sites was
      significantly earlier after the switch repair than after the Mustard repair. Mild
      abnormalities of sinus node function were present and consisted of slight
      prolongation of corrected sinus node recovery time in six patients and slightly
      increased sinoatrial conduction time in four. The ratio of sinus node recovery
      time to sinus cycle length was normal in all 20 patients. Atrial effective and
      functional refractory periods were normal in all patients and no atrial
      arrhythmias could be induced by programmed stimulation. Atrioventricular (AV)
      node conduction was excellent with normal AV node effective and functional
      refractory periods. The only electrophysiologic abnormality of His-Purkinje
      function was distal right bundle branch block in nine patients. Programmed
      stimulation of the ventricle produced repetitive ventricular responses in four
      patients: bundle branch reentry in three and intraventricular reentry in
      one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379211
TI  - Superiority of quantitative exercise thallium-201 variables in determining long
      term prognosis in ambulatory patients with chest pain: a comparison with cardiac
      catheterization.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic utility of quantitative
      exercise thallium-201 imaging and compare it with that of cardiac catheterization
      in ambulatory patients. Accordingly, long-term (4 to 9 years) follow-up was
      obtained in 293 patients who underwent both tests for the evaluation of chest
      pain: 89 had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery within 3 months of
      testing and were excluded from analysis, 119 experienced no cardiac events and 91
      had an event (death in 20, nonfatal myocardial infarction in 21 and coronary
      artery bypass operations performed greater than 3 months after cardiac
      catheterization in 50). When all variables were analyzed using Cox regression
      analysis, the quantitatively assessed lung/heart ratio of thallium-201 activity
      was the most important predictor of a future cardiac event (chi 2 = 40.21). Other
      significant predictors were the number of diseased vessels (chi 2 = 17.11),
      patient gender (chi 2 = 9.43) and change in heart rate from rest to exercise (chi
      2 = 4.19). Whereas the number of diseased vessels was an important independent
      predictor of cardiac events, it did not add significantly to the overall ability
      of the exercise thallium-201 test to predict events. Furthermore, information
      obtained from thallium-201 imaging alone was marginally superior to that obtained
      from cardiac catheterization alone (p = 0.04) and significantly superior to that
      obtained from exercise testing alone (p = 0.02) in determining the occurrence of
      events. In addition, unlike the exercise thallium-201 test, which could predict
      the occurrence of all categories of events, catheterization data were not able to
      predict the occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction. The exclusion of bypass
      surgery and previous myocardial infarction did not alter the results. In
      conclusion, data from this study demonstrate that exercise thallium-201 imaging
      may be superior to data from both exercise testing alone and cardiac
      catheterization data alone for predicting future events in ambulatory patients
      who have undergone both exercise thallium-201 imaging and catheterization for the
      evaluation of chest pain.

PMID- 3379212
TI  - Teaching objectives for fellowship programs in clinical electrophysiology.

PMID- 3379213
TI  - Symposium on therapeutic challenges in the management of congestive heart
      failure. Part I.

PMID- 3379214
TI  - Physicians as advocates in the 1980s and 1990s.

PMID- 3379216
TI  - Where does peripheral vascular disease belong?

PMID- 3379215
TI  - Clinical distinctions between Q wave and non-Q wave infarction.

PMID- 3379217
TI  - Thallium-201 scintigraphy in risk assessment for ambulatory patients with chest
      pain: does everyone need catheterization?

PMID- 3379218
TI  - Dipyridamole-induced ST segment depression during thallium-201 imaging in
      patients with coronary artery disease: angiographic and hemodynamic determinants.
AB  - To examine the angiographic and hemodynamic determinants of dipyridamole-induced
      ST segment depression in patients with coronary artery disease, 41 patients with
      angiographically documented coronary disease who underwent dipyridamole-thallium
      201 myocardial scintigraphy were studied. Dipyridamole-induced ST depression
      occurred in 14 (34%) of the 41 patients. Stepwise multivariate logistic
      regression was performed to compare the predictive value of angiographic findings
      (good coronary collateral vessels, jeopardized collateral vessels, multivessel
      disease), hemodynamic changes (changes in heart rate, systolic pressure,
      diastolic pressure and rate-pressure product), thallium-201 results (perfusion
      defect, thallium-201 redistribution) and demographic data (age, gender,
      medications). Only the presence of good coronary collateral vessels (p less than
      0.02) and increases in rate-pressure product after dipyridamole infusion (p less
      than 0.02) were significant multivariate predictors of dipyridamole-induced ST
      depression. Good collateral vessels were more common in the group with ST
      depression (11 [79%] of 14) than they were in the group without ST depression (6
      [22%] of 27; p less than 0.001). Rate-pressure product increased 2,835 +/- 1,648
      beats/min.mm Hg in the group with ST depression compared with 1,179 +/- 1,417
      beats/min.mm Hg in patients without ST depression (p less than 0.005). In
      conclusion, dipyridamole-induced ST segment depression in patients with coronary
      artery disease appears to be related to 1) the presence of good coronary
      collateral vessels, which may act by facilitating "coronary steal", and 2)
      increases in rate-pressure product, reflecting increased myocardial oxygen
      demand. These observations may explain the lack of prognostic value of
      dipyridamole-induced ST segment depression described in previous reports.

PMID- 3379219
TI  - Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - There are few data on angiographic coronary artery anatomy in patients whose
      coronary artery disease progresses to myocardial infarction. In this
      retrospective analysis, progression of coronary artery disease between two
      cardiac catheterization procedures is described in 38 patients: 23 patients
      (Group I) who had a myocardial infarction between the two studies and 15 patients
      (Group II) who presented with one or more new total occlusions at the second
      study without sustaining an intervening infarction. In Group I the median percent
      stenosis on the initial angiogram of the artery related to the infarct at restudy
      was significantly less than the median percent stenosis of lesions that
      subsequently were the site of a new total occlusion in Group II (48 versus 73.5%,
      p less than 0.05). In the infarct-related artery in Group I, only 5 (22%) of 23
      lesions were initially greater than 70%, whereas in Group II, 11 (61%) of 18
      lesions that progressed to total occlusion were initially greater than 70% (p
      less than 0.01). In Group I, patients who developed a Q wave infarction had less
      severe narrowing at initial angiography in the subsequent infarct-related artery
      (34%) than did patients who developed a non-Q wave infarction (80%) (p less than
      0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis of angiographic and clinical
      characteristics present at initial angiography in Group I revealed proximal
      lesion location as the only significant predictor of evolution of lesions greater
      than or equal to 50% to infarction. This retrospective study suggests that
      myocardial infarction frequently develops from previously nonsevere
      lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379220
TI  - Human arterial surface fluorescence: atherosclerotic plaque identification and
      effects of laser atheroma ablation.
AB  - In vivo plaque recognition may be important for safe and precise intra-arterial
      atheroma ablation during laser coronary angioplasty. This study examined the
      feasibility and sensitivity of utilizing quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy
      and video-enhanced fluorescence imaging for plaque identification in
      atherosclerotic human necropsy arterial wall before and after laser atheroma
      ablation. With wide-band (450 to 490 nm) blue light excitation, the 540 nm
      fluorescence intensity ratio of normal to diseased sites (n = 13) was 2.09 +/-
      0.82 (p less than 0.001) and video fluorescence imaging provided enhanced
      delineation of atheroma surface characteristics. Continuous argon and pulsed
      excimer (308 nm) laser ablation of atheroma decreased fluorescence intensity
      ratios by 42 and 20% (p less than 0.001), respectively (that is, from abnormal to
      nearly normal). Low power 325 nm laser-excited fluorescence spectroscopy from
      normal (n = 115) and abnormal (n = 146) necropsy sites revealed an average 45%
      decrease in atheroma fluorescence intensity (p less than 0.0001) and changes in
      fluorescence spectra appearance that corresponded to plaque morphologic subtypes.
      Studies using a dual laser system combining 325 nm laser-excited fluorescence
      plaque recognition and a 480 nm pulsed dye laser for tissue ablation with common
      optical fibers demonstrated normalization of both fluorescence intensity and
      spectra appearance after laser atheroma ablation. Thus, in vitro analysis of
      surface arterial fluorescence by quantitative spectroscopy and video fluorescence
      imaging reliably differentiate plaque from normal tissue and may provide the
      feedback signal needed to activate a laser source for selective plaque removal.

PMID- 3379222
TI  - RAST-inhibition studies of the imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta with whole
      body extracts and venom preparations.
AB  - Whole body extracts of imported fire ants (IFAWBE) are the only reagents
      currently available for diagnosis and immunotherapy of patients with anaphylaxis
      to these Hymenoptera. To characterize better IFAWBE of the species Solenopsis
      invicta, we evaluated the sera of 29 patients with systemic or large local
      reactions to imported fire ant (IFA) stings. Forty-eight percent (14/29) of these
      sting-sensitive patients were IFAWBE RAST positive (greater than or equal to 6%
      binding of total radioactivity added). With a pool of sera with an initial IFAWBE
      RAST value of 16.2% binding, we evaluated RAST inhibition by IFA venom (IFAV),
      IFAWBE, and the venom component, transpiperidine. Maximum RAST inhibition
      obtained was 84% with 300 micrograms/ml of IFAV, 95% with 5 mg/ml of protein
      IFAWBE, and insignificant with undiluted transpiperdine. We conclude that IFAWBE
      contains large quantities of immunoreactive venom components other than
      transpiperidine and that the allergenicity of IFAWBE and venom resides in the
      small amount of protein present in IFAV.

PMID- 3379221
TI  - Impaired antibody responses in the hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.
AB  - Patients with the hyper-IgE (HIE) syndrome have recurrent bacterial infections
      with Staphylococcus aureus and other polysaccharide encapsulated organisms. To
      determine whether an impairment of the antibody response to polysaccharide
      antigens contributes to infections in this syndrome, we measured serum antibody
      to the teichoic acid of S. aureus and to the capsular polysaccharide of
      Haemophilus influenzae type b. Compared to control subjects who had no history of
      S. aureus infections (N = 14), sera from patients with HIE (N = 9) lacked the
      expected elevation of serum antibody to teichoic acid (p greater than 0.05) and
      had significantly lower levels of this antibody than sera from 14 patients with
      atopic dermatitis, complicated by recurrent cutaneous S. aureus infections (p
      less than 0.01). After immunization with the capsular polysaccharide of
      Haemophilus influenzae type of vaccine, the antibody response of patients with
      HIE was significantly impaired compared to that of age-matched control subjects
      (p = 0.01). Although patients with HIE syndrome had normal total IgG levels, most
      patients with HIE but not patients with atopic dermatitis had IgG2 subclass
      deficiency. Defective antibody responses in patients with HIE were not restricted
      to polysaccharide antigens because the serum levels of antitetanus toxoid
      antibody in these patients were significantly lower than that of control subjects
      (p less than 0.001). Impaired antigen-specific antibody responses in patients
      with HIE syndrome may contribute to their increased susceptibility to infection.

PMID- 3379223
TI  - The pattern of human late-phase skin reactions to extracts of aeroallergens.
AB  - The kinetics and dose response of cutaneous late phase reactions (LPR) (defined
      as greater than 5 mm induration 6 hours after intradermal challenge with
      allergen) were studied in 20 randomly selected subjects with atopic rhinitis.
      When subjects were challenged intradermally with 0.2 biologic unit (BU) of
      Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or grass pollen, wheal-and-flare reactions were
      elicited without subsequent LPRs. With 30 BU, all subjects developed LPRs,
      whereas 1 and 10 BU provoked LPRs in 28% and 64%, respectively. No biphasic
      responses were detected. At all concentrations which progressed to form an LPR, a
      palpable skin reaction was continuously present and either remained constant or
      increased steadily in magnitude during 6 hours. Skin reactions of similar
      diameter provoked by histamine resolved fully within 2 hours. Thus, we confirm
      that the development of a macroscopic cutaneous LPR requires a higher
      concentration of allergen than the wheal-and-flare reaction. Together with our
      other findings, these results suggest that all untreated atopic individuals are
      capable of mounting an LPR if they are challenged with sufficient allergen. In
      contrast to the asthmatic response to inhaled allergen, the cutaneous wheal and
      LPR are not biphasic.

PMID- 3379224
TI  - Bilateral abductor paresis masquerading as asthma.
AB  - Rare upper airway lesions may be mistaken for asthma. A 16-year-old Hispanic male
      athlete presented to our allergy clinic with a 4-month history of wheezing and
      snoring with hoarseness and progressive fatigue on exertion or during sleep. His
      mother taped periods of harsh stridor and sleep apnea. There was no family
      history of vocal cord abnormalities. A year before the onset of symptoms, he
      suffered injury to his oral cavity with a loss of consciousness during a
      wrestling match. He denied dysphagia or dysphonia. He failed to respond to
      bronchodilators, cromolyn, or prednisone therapy during 4 weeks. On referral to
      our clinic, his physical examination and tape recording were characterized by
      harsh inspiratory stridor. His pulmonary function tests were significant for peak
      flow depressed out of proportion to FEV1 with reduced FVC, no response to
      bronchodilator, and flattened inspiratory loop unresponsive to cough or panting.
      Fluoroscopy and endoscopy of the upper airway was consistent with "marked
      bilateral limitation of vocal cord abduction." Sleep study demonstrated
      desaturation with CO2s in the 60s during sleep. He was started on continuous
      positive airway pressure, 10 cm at night, with no desaturation or sleep
      disturbance on follow-up.

PMID- 3379225
TI  - Allergenicity of major component proteins of soybean determined by enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting in children with atopic dermatitis
      and positive soy challenges.
AB  - Recent studies have implicated soybeans as one of the major food allergens in
      children. Serum from eight patients with atopic dermatitis and positive double
      blind, placebo-controlled food challenges to soy were used to investigate
      allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibody to soy protein and its fractions. ELISA
      and immunoblotting techniques were used for this purpose. A crude soy extract, as
      well as the 7S, 11S, and whey fractions, were isolated and purified for the in
      vitro studies from commercial defatted soy flakes. ELISA results demonstrated a
      statistically significant increased IgE and IgG response to the crude soy extract
      compared to that of normal control subjects. There was also an increase in IgE
      specific for 7S and IgG specific for 11S in the atopic group. The immunoblots
      reveal that IgE and IgG are present in varying amounts to multiple fractions of
      the soy protein. These results indicate that IgE and IgG specific to crude soy
      are elevated in patients with positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food
      challenges to soy but that no one fraction is clearly more antigenic.

PMID- 3379227
TI  - Allergic rhinitis nasal mucosal conditioned medium stimulates growth and
      differentiation of basophil/mast cell and eosinophil progenitors from atopic
      blood.
AB  - In previous studies of human nasal polyps and nasal mucosa from subjects with
      allergic rhinitis, we have demonstrated hematopoietic progenitors, measured as
      colony-forming units (CFU) in culture, and colony-stimulating activities for
      basophil/mast cells (BMC) and basophil/eosinophils (Eo). In the present study,
      conditioned medium (CM) from short-term cultures of nasal mucosal scrapings of
      subjects with allergic rhinitis are compared with those from normal subjects for
      colony-stimulating activities, with BMC and Eo CFU in methylcellulose assays of
      peripheral blood from atopic (N = 6) or nonatopic (N = 6) individuals. CM derived
      from cultures of nasal mucosal scrapings from subjects with allergic rhinitis
      stimulated a significantly greater number of BMC/Eo CFU from the peripheral blood
      of atopic (out-of-season and ragweed-allergic) subjects than from peripheral
      blood of nonatopic subjects in a series of matched-control experiments (20.6 +/-
      4.6 versus 1.9 +/- 0.8; p less than 0.002); in contrast, nasal mucosal CM from
      normal control subjects did not stimulate an increase in these CFU in peripheral
      blood from atopic compared to nonatopic subjects. These studies further support
      the hypothesis that in situ hematopoietic mechanisms are operative in allergic
      inflammatory reactions and suggest the presence of cells in affected (allergic)
      epithelium that are "activated" to produce large amounts of BMC and Eo growth and
      differentiation factors.

PMID- 3379226
TI  - Immediate skin test reactivity to common aeroallergens in patients with
      respiratory allergies: a comparative analysis of allergen-induced skin reactions
      and their histamine controls.
AB  - The results of the immediate skin test response to a panel of 16 common
      aeroallergens performed in a group of 659 consecutive patients with symptoms
      suggestive of a respiratory allergy were analyzed. A group of 108 healthy
      individuals served as control subjects. Ninety-four percent of the patients and
      87% of the control subjects had at least one allergen-induced reaction (wheal
      greater than or equal to 2 by 2 mm). The prevalence of positive skin reactions to
      each aeroallergen was equally high in both groups. However, if a skin reaction is
      considered as positive only when an allergen-induced wheal is equal or larger
      compared to the 50% of the wheal obtained with the histamine control in that
      individual, 70% of the patients had positive skin reactions and only 38% of the
      control subjects were positive (p less than 0.05). Similarly, the prevalence
      rates to five aeroallergens (pollen, Fusarium, Mucor, Pullularia, and Curvularia)
      in the patient group were reduced to those levels observed with the control
      group, suggesting they are clinically less important. The age and not the sex
      influenced both the prevalence rates (p less than 0.001) and the mean size (p
      less than 0.01) of allergen and histamine-induced skin reactions. Lower
      prevalence rates and mean size values were observed in the youngest group (0 to 9
      years). Moreover, there was an inverse relationship between lower skin reactivity
      with more younger subjects in our patient population. These results indicate that
      patients and healthy individuals have similar mechanisms for skin
      reactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379228
TI  - The effect of food and exercise on the skin response to compound 48/80 in
      patients with food-associated exercise-induced urticaria-angioedema.
AB  - Food-associated, exercise-induced urticaria-angioedema is increasingly being
      recognized. We studied five atopic individuals in whom ingestion of food was
      followed by exercise-induced urticaria-angioedema. The combined effect of food
      and exercise on skin wheal response to compound 48/80 and histamine was studied.
      Symptoms could be reproduced in only four of the patients who performed strenuous
      exercise after ingestion of food to which they were skin sensitive. When symptoms
      appeared, that is, after a combination of food and exercise challenge, there was
      a marked increase in the wheal response to compound 48/80 (greater than 200%) and
      not to histamine. Food or exercise challenge alone did not induce any significant
      change in the skin reactivity to compound 48/80 or to histamine. It was concluded
      that mast cell releasability could be increased when the patient was subjected to
      combined factors.

PMID- 3379229
TI  - Sensitivity to sulfited foods among sulfite-sensitive subjects with asthma.
AB  - Eight individuals with asthma who had been diagnosed as sulfite sensitive on the
      basis of double-blind capsule-beverage challenges were subjected to challenges
      with various sulfited foods, including lettuce, shrimp, dried apricots, white
      grape juice, dehydrated potatoes (as mashed potatoes), and mushrooms. Four of
      these patients failed to respond to challenges with any of the sulfited foods.
      The other four patients experienced a decrease in pulmonary function on double
      blind challenges with sulfited lettuce. Two of three of these patients reacted to
      challenges with dried apricots and white grape juice; the fourth patient has not
      yet been challenged with these products. Only one of these four patients reacted
      to challenges with dehydrated potatoes and mushrooms, and, in this case, the
      response to double-blind challenges with dehydrated potatoes was not consistent.
      None of the sulfite-sensitive subjects with asthma responded to challenges with
      sulfited shrimp. It is concluded that sulfite-sensitive subjects with asthma will
      not necessarily react after ingestion of sulfited foods. The likelihood of a
      reaction is dependent on the nature of the food, the level of residual sulfite,
      the sensitivity of the patient, and perhaps on the form of residual sulfite and
      the mechanism of the sulfite-induced reaction.

PMID- 3379230
TI  - Provocation-challenge studies in shrimp-sensitive individuals.
AB  - Thirty individuals with history of immediate, objective, adverse reactions after
      shrimp ingestion underwent double-blind, placebo-controlled shrimp-food
      challenges. All individuals who did not exhibit a positive response (reproduction
      of objective symptoms) were administered an open challenge of 16 whole cooked
      shrimp. Positive challenge responses occurred in 9/30 subjects (30%); six of
      these subjects experienced a positive response during the double-blind phase. Of
      the 21 remaining subjects, 12 experienced generalized pruritus as their only
      symptom, whereas nine subjects had completely negative challenge responses. All
      placebo challenges were negative. Although a positive skin test was strongly
      associated with challenge symptoms (p less than 0.001), the shrimp prick skin
      test titration end points were not different among the challenge groups. The
      serum shrimp RAST percent was significantly higher in the positive challenge
      group (p less than 0.02). Mean levels of shrimp-specific serum IgG, IgA, and IgM
      levels were not different among the challenge groups. Although no single
      immunologic variable could be consistently used to identify subjects more likely
      to exhibit a positive challenge response, the composite of a positive shrimp
      prick skin test and elevated serum shrimp-specific IgE (RAST percent label bound
      greater than 11%) demonstrated a correct predictive value of 87% in this group of
      shrimp-sensitive subjects.

PMID- 3379232
TI  - Special requirements for residency training in allergy and immunology.

PMID- 3379231
TI  - In vitro red tide toxin effects on human bronchial smooth muscle.
AB  - Airborne Ptychodiscus brevis toxin (PBTX), produced by Ptychodiscus brevis
      (Florida red tide), induces cough, rhinorrhea, watery eyes, and sneezing in
      normal individuals and wheezing in subjects with asthma. The mechanism of PBTX
      induced contractile response has been investigated by the authors in vitro in dog
      and rat tissue. PBTX stimulates neuronal sodium channels, resulting in activation
      of autonomic cholinergic and adrenergic nerve endings in canine upper and lower
      airway smooth muscle and in rat vas deferens, respectively. This article concerns
      the investigation of the effect and mechanism of action of PBTX on human airways
      in order to determine the unique role of the toxin in the pathogenesis of asthma.
      PBTX elicited contractions of isolated human airway smooth muscle with a
      threshold concentration of 0.1 micrograms/ml, very similar to values obtained in
      canine lower airways. Pharmacologic analysis demonstrated that atropine (10(-6)
      mol/L) blocked the response to both PBTX and acetylcholine; tetrodotoxin (10(-7)
      mol/L) blocked PBTX but not acetylcholine; and verapamil (10(-5) mol/L)
      attenuated but neostigmine (10(-8) mol/L) potentiated the response to PBTX. Other
      selected blockers did not affect the PBTX response. These data indicate that PBTX
      produces contraction of human lower airway smooth muscle via stimulation of
      cholinergic nerve fiber sodium channels. The concept that PBTX triggers asthma
      through this mechanism is strengthened by these results.

PMID- 3379233
TI  - Nucleophilic index value: implication in the protection by indole-3-carbinol from
      N-nitrosodimethylamine cyto and genotoxicity in mouse liver.
AB  - A novel assay system was developed in order to quantitate the nucleophilicity of
      pure chemicals or tissue extracts. This Nucleophilic Index Value (NIV) assay was
      based on the ability of putative nucleophiles to inhibit the methylation of
      cysteine by limiting concentrations of the electrophilic source, N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea (MNU). Efficacy of model and cellular nucleophiles was quantitated as
      nmol cysteine protected by the nucleophile from methylation by MNU/h/mM compound.
      The NIVs of the pure compounds ascorbate, glutathione, 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine
      (NBP) and indole-3-carbinol (I-3-C) were 2400, 1600, 3 and 0, respectively. When
      mice were treated with I-3-C by gavage at dosages of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg
      body wt, the NIV for ethyl acetate extracts of the livers 1 h after treatment
      were 0, 33, 47, 52 and 92 nmol cysteine preserved/h/g tissue, respectively. The I
      3-C enhancement of NIV was not attributable to ascorbate or glutathione, neither
      of which were present in the ethyl extracts of liver. When mice were treated with
      10 mg N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)/kg body wt 1 h after the varying dosages of I
      3-C, the 24 h post-NDMA plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) values were decreased
      by I-3-C pretreatment in a dose-dependent fashion. Plasma ALT values were used in
      this study as an indicator of hepatotoxicity. The coefficient of determination,
      r2, computed from the linear least squares correlation coefficient between NIV
      and ALT values, was 0.80 (0-100 mg I-3-C/kg) and 0.97 (0-75 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379234
TI  - Evaluation of the division arrest method of the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay.
AB  - We have evaluated the division arrest method of the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay
      following the procedure described by O'Neill et al. Environ. Mutagen. 4, 421-434
      (1982). This method simplifies the culture manipulations required during the
      expression period and can be readily adopted for screening mutagenic compounds.
      The mutation frequencies derived from the subculture method and the division
      arrest (no subculture) method after treatment of CHO-K1-BH4 cells with ethyl
      methanesulfonate were similar at all concentrations. The background mutation
      frequencies observed in the medium and solvent (0.5% DMSO) controls ranged from 0
      to 9 colonies per 1 X 10(6) cells. Twenty to 24 h treatments, using the direct
      acting compounds ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,
      ICR-191 acridine, 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, mitomycin C and high concentrations of
      thymidine produced positive mutagenic responses, while 2'-deoxyuridine and
      trifluorothymidine gave negative responses. Four-h treatments with
      Benzo[a]pyrene, diethylnitrosamine, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 3-methylcholanthrene
      and 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of S9 also produced positive results.
      Anthracene, fluorene and pyrene with S9 were negative. However we found that a
      toxic, non-mutagenic compound (anthracene) can yield sporadic increases in
      mutation frequencies (1 out of 10 replicates). Overall, our results indicate that
      the division arrest method of the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay can be reliably used
      for routine screening.

PMID- 3379235
TI  - One-year inhalation toxicity study of formaldehyde in male rats with a damaged or
      undamaged nasal mucosa.
AB  - To study the effect of bilateral intranasal electrocoagulation damage on the
      susceptibility of rats to formaldehyde vapour, male Wistar rats with a damaged or
      undamaged nasal mucosa were exposed to atmospheres containing 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 ppm
      formaldehyde vapour during 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 or 52 weeks.
      Electrocoagulation damage was induced in the anterior third part of the nose. The
      repair process followed the pattern of wound healing. Loss of turbinates and
      perforation of the septum were common irreversible findings. After 13 weeks basal
      cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium, and
      rhinitis were still visible. After 52 weeks effects attributable to
      electrocoagulation were slight basal cell hyperplasia and some rhinitis. Major
      formaldehyde-related adverse effects in the 10 ppm group not subjected to
      electrocoagulation included growth retardation, reduced urine production, and
      rhinitis accompanied by squamous metaplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium.
      No adverse effects were seen at 0.1 or 1 ppm in rats with an intact nasal mucosa.
      The principal untoward effects of formaldehyde in electrocoagulation-treated rats
      seen after 13 and/or 52 weeks comprised increase in basal cell hyperplasia,
      squamous metaplasia of the nasal respiratory epithelium, damage to the olfactory
      epithelium at 10 ppm, and focal squamous metaplasia of nasal respiratory
      epithelium at 0.1 and 1 ppm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379236
TI  - The post-natal fate of supernumerary ribs in rat teratogenicity studies.
AB  - A common occurrence in rat teratology studies, supernumerary ribs, have been
      considered to be indicative of teratogenicity by some authors but not to be so
      indicative by others. As a teratogenic event is, by definition a permanent
      change, a study to follow the fate of supernumerary ribs in the development of
      adulthood of the rat was undertaken. An established teratogen in the rat,
      aspirin, was used to increase the frequency of supernumerary ribs. Even though
      aspirin treatment of the dams doubled the initial frequency of supernumerary ribs
      the results show that over the first 60 days post-partum their frequency in both
      control and treated groups decline to essentially zero. This decline in frequency
      of supernumerary ribs is complemented by an increase in the proportion of
      foetuses with a fully developed transverse process on the first lumbar vertebra.
      The proposal that supernumerary ribs in the rat are a result of developmental
      delays in a labile region of the axial skeleton and not a manifestation of a
      teratogenic event is presented.

PMID- 3379237
TI  - Effects of nitrosation on the chemical composition and epidermal carcinogenicity
      of the nitrogen-rich fraction of a high-boiling coal liquid.
AB  - An 800-850 degrees F solvent-refined coal-II liquid was fractionated into
      chemical classes to obtain the aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (NPAC), and
      hydroxy-substituted PAH (hydroxy-PAH). The isolated NPAC fraction was
      refractionated by chemical class both before and after undergoing a nitrosation
      reaction. The nitrosated and non-nitrosated refractionated NPAC fractions were
      further subfractionated into secondary amine (pyrroles), primary amine-enriched
      (amino-PAH), and tertiary amine (azaarene) classes. The PAH and hydroxy-PAH
      composition of the NPAC fraction increased upon nitrosation, whereas the amino
      PAH fraction composition decreased upon nitrosation. Nitrosation of standards
      indicated the amino-PAH compounds reacted to form parent PAH, chloro-substituted
      PAH, and methoxy-substituted PAH when analyzed by high-resolution gas
      chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). Some easily oxidized PAH
      compounds reacted to form ketones and quinones. All other standard reference
      compounds, chosen to be representative of the major chemical classes of compounds
      present in coal liquefaction materials, were unchanged by the nitrosation
      reaction. The amino-PAH of the nitrosated NPAC fraction reacted to form parent
      and some chloro-substituted PAH when analyzed by low-voltage direct-probe MS in
      addition to the methods given above. Epidermal carcinogenesis studies with the
      PAH, NPAC, nitrosated NPAC, and hydroxy-PAH fractions isolated from the 800-850
      degrees F coal liquid indicated the PAH and NPAC were the most important
      determiners of skin carcinogenesis, with the PAH giving a higher response than
      the NPAC. The tumorigenicity of the NPAC was drastically reduced by nitrosation,
      probably due to the destruction of the amino-PAH upon nitrosation.

PMID- 3379239
TI  - Amino acid analysis using phenylisothiocyanate prederivatization: elimination of
      the drying steps.
AB  - Results of experiments on the procedure for amino acid analysis via analysis of
      the phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids are reported. It was found that yields of some
      amino acids varied in the presence of salt and with changes in the vacuum drying
      steps. An improved procedure is described which includes a standard addition of
      salt to the hydrolysate before drying it; the redrying step is omitted and the
      post derivatization drying is replaced by a simple addition of heptane to the
      reaction mixture.

PMID- 3379238
TI  - Coupling of redox indicator dyes into an enzymatic reaction cycle.
AB  - The spectral properties of ten redox indicator dyes were evaluated with the aim
      of finding the optimal choice for coupling to enzymatic reactions with high
      sensitivity for the production of the reduced form. Eight of the dyes were
      selected for coupling into a reaction cycle formed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase
      with substrates ethanol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and
      diaphorase with substrates reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH,
      produced by the prior reaction) and the oxidized form of the respective dye. Two
      of the dyes exhibited decreased absorption on reduction, whereas all (eight)
      tetrazolium dyes increased in their absorption substantially upon reduction. Bis
      tetrazolium dyes had a significantly higher molar extinction coefficient (up to
      23,000 M-1.cm-1) than mono-tetrazolium dyes (down to 8000 M-1.cm-1). Kinetically,
      most dyes could be reduced with NADH (and diaphorase), but the rate of reduction
      varied considerably among the dyes with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and
      tetranitroblue tetrazolium (TNBT) being the fastest. Therefore, NBT and TNBT seem
      to be the most suitable for fast response.

PMID- 3379240
TI  - A new sensitive non-isotopic method using sulfonated probes to detect picogram
      quantities of specific DNA sequences on blot hybridization.
AB  - The use of non-radioactive systems to detect target DNA or RNA displays many
      advantages such as safe manipulation, potential use in non-specialized scientific
      area and prolonged lifetime of the probes (one year or more). We here describe a
      method we have improved and optimized using sulfonated DNA probes for
      hybridization on dot and Southern blots. Sulfonation is an easy chemical
      modification procedure which does not require enzymatic coctail as does nick
      translation. Sensitivity of this method has been particularly improved by using a
      new blocking solution, containing heparin, which allows easy and fast detection
      of picogram quantities of DNA. This method allows the use of nitrocellulose as
      well as nylon membranes with very low background. Equal resolution is obtained in
      comparative experiments involving both sulfonated and 32P-radiolabelled probes.
      Single copy gene sequences are readily detected in nuclear DNA. These results
      allow the use of this procedure for restriction fragment length polymorphism
      (RFLP) studies.

PMID- 3379241
TI  - Synthesis of aberrant glycosaminoglycans during cartilage culture in 'sulfate
      free' medium.
AB  - Incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate into glycosaminoglycans is a widely
      accepted assay to measure the rate of proteoglycan synthesis. Although
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis is dependent on the quantity of inorganic sulfate
      available to proteoglycan synthesizing cells, 'sulfate free' medium is regularly
      used in studies regarding proteoglycan synthesis. In this study murine patellar
      cartilage glycosaminoglycans synthesized under 'sulfate free' conditions were
      compared with those synthesized at physiological sulfate concentration. Under
      'sulfate free' conditions synthesis was not only decreased but low sulfated
      glycosaminoglycans were made that were not synthesized during incubation at
      physiological sulfate concentration. The use of 'sulfate free' medium should be
      avoided in proteoglycan synthesis studies.

PMID- 3379242
TI  - Centrifugal column chromatography for small sample purification.
AB  - We evaluated several gel filtration materials for suitability in spun column
      chromatography a rapid desalting method. The materials were evaluated for
      resistance to column cracking and to radial shrinkage for sample recovery and for
      salt separation. A series of graphs can be derived from these evaluations which
      relates the gel heights to sample volumes for maximum recovery and salt
      separation while maintaining low sample dilution.

PMID- 3379243
TI  - In vitro assay of extracellular matrix elastin degradation.
AB  - This report describes a method for determining specifically and sensitively the
      degradation of the elastin component within complicated extracellular matrices in
      vitro. Extracellular matrices rich in elastin were metabolically labeled with
      [3H]lysine during 3 week cultures of smooth muscle cells under ascorbate-free
      conditions in vitro. Elastin was quantitated on the basis of labeled
      desmosine/isodesmosine in the matrices as determined by a cation-exchange HPLC
      program utilizing a Beckman 6300 amino acid analyzer. The net loss of
      desmosine/isodesmosine during co-culture of human macrophages with the matrices
      was then used to assay cellular elastin degradation. This method allows for the
      production of reproducibly labeled matrices and compares favorably with
      previously described techniques of elastin degradation by live cells in vitro.

PMID- 3379244
TI  - A radiometric method for the determination of NADH in subpicomole amounts.
AB  - A radiometric method has been devised for the determination of small quantities
      of NADH formed in preceding dehydrogenase reactions. In a coupled enzymatic
      reaction, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) catalyzes the transfer of
      [32P]orthophosphate from [gamma-32P]ATP to 3-phosphoglycerate; the intermediate,
      1,3-[1-32P]diphosphoglycerate, is dephosphorylated by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (GAP-DH). [32P]Orthophosphate is released proportionally to NADH
      and can be measured after adsorption of [gamma-32P]ATP to activated charcoal.
      With this method, 0.2 pmol of NADH are detectable in the presence of a 10(4)-fold
      excess of NAD over NADH.

PMID- 3379245
TI  - A continuous wave laser T-jump apparatus and its application to chemical
      reactions in hemoglobin single crystals.
AB  - A laser temperature jump apparatus is constructed where the T-jump is achieved by
      means of the direct absorption of continuous laser radiation of low intensity by
      a solid sample. The final temperature in the irradiated volume element is reached
      when the absorbed radiation power equals the dissipation of heat by heat
      conduction. The time range from the beginning of irradiation to the stationary
      state depends on the geometry of the irradiated volume element and is less than
      10 ms. The heating laser beam is simultaneously used to detect the relaxation to
      the new chemical equilibrium in the sample. Relaxation processes with relaxation
      rates between 10(2) s-1 and less than 10(-3) s-1 on samples with volumes less
      than 10(-3) mm3 may be investigated using this T-jump method. One application of
      this method is the determination of reaction rates of ligand reactions in
      hemoglobin single crystals. Rate constants obtained for the reaction of
      thiocyanate with crystallized horse methemoglobin are presented.

PMID- 3379246
TI  - Enhancement of polyacrylamide gel slice dissolution in hydrogen peroxide by
      cupric sulfate.
AB  - An improved method is described for quantitation of radio-labelled protein by
      scintillation counting after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method is
      based upon copper catalyzed dissolution of gel slices in hydrogen peroxide under
      ambient conditions. Complete dissolution of gel sections was accomplished by
      incubation at 25 degrees C in 30% H2O2 that contained 0.9 mM CuSO4. Recovery of
      tritiated protein was greater than 90% under these conditions while in the
      absence of CuSO4 recovery was less than 50%.

PMID- 3379247
TI  - Characterization of the indole triplet excited state in proteins utilizing laser
      flash photolysis.
AB  - The triplet-triplet absorption spectrum of the sole indole side chain of human
      serum albumin and its decay kinetics were previously characterized, at room
      temperature, by using a conventional flash photolysis method [(1978) Proc. Natl.
      Acad. Sci. USA 75, 1172-1175]. Exploitation of this potentially useful long lived
      reporter group in protein studies was limited by the excessively large sample
      size required by that apparatus. The 265 nm laser flash instrument used in the
      present work avoids this problem at the price of a loss in photo-selectivity. We
      report that the latter concern can be mitigated. Melittin was studied first
      because this polypeptide contains a single aromatic residue (W-19), and because
      its monomeric and tetrameric forms are good models for solvent exposed and buried
      indole side chains of proteins. For both forms, the indole triplet and neutral
      radical absorption spectra could be readily time resolved and identified on the
      basis of shape and differential dioxygen sensitivity. The single tryptophan
      containing protein human serum albumin was studied next because it contains a
      large number of other 265 nm absorbing moieties whose transient spectra might
      complicate the detection of the indole triplet. These transients were shown to
      not interfere significantly in the wavelength region 450 nm to 600 nm, and, in
      contrast to the indole triplet, they were relatively dioxygen insensitive. Thus,
      a facile means is available by which the indole triplet of proteins may be
      characterized. Subsequently the question of whether this species could be
      detected in the presence of nuclei acid components was investigated by flashing
      the phage fd. The putative nucleic acid transients were shown not to interfere
      and the absorbance of the indole triplet was readily time resolved. The spectral
      assignment was persuasively confirmed by showing that the indole triplet
      absorption and phosphorescence emission spectra decay with the same lifetime. The
      present work thus provides additional evidence for the general applicability of
      the indole triplet excited state as a long lived intrinsic protein reporter
      group.

PMID- 3379248
TI  - Monitoring in situ circular dichroism of the intact vitreous: a new approach.
AB  - For the first time, an attempt has been made to study the vitreous humor in situ
      by circular dichroism (CD). The vitreous, an avascular and acellular gel-like
      tissue, is optically transparent and homogeneous, and, thus, light scattering is
      minimal. The macromolecular components of this tissue, hyaluronate (HA), collagen
      and noncollagenous protein (NC-P), appear to exist in the matrix in a nonoriented
      fashion. As a result, no linear dichroism was observed. A typical CD of the
      vitreous shows a minimum at 206 nm with a shoulder at 220 nm and one small
      positive peak at approximately 252 nm. Gaussian analysis resolves this spectrum
      into four component bands. CD analysis of individual components reveals that NC-P
      makes the major contribution to the dichroic strength of the vitreous;
      contributions of HA and collagen, on the other hand, are small. The positive peak
      arises largely from ascorbic acid in the vitreous. CD measurement of the intact
      vitreous appears to be a useful technique for assessing the structure and changes
      of the constituent molecules in the normal and diseased vitreous.

PMID- 3379249
TI  - Effect of changes in cardiac autonomic balance on blood pressure regulation in
      man.
AB  - The role of cardiac autonomic balance in fitness-related differences in blood
      pressure regulation was evaluated by comparing the cardiovascular responses to
      lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in 10 trained and 10 untrained men. Cardiac
      autonomic balance was quantified as the ratio of resting heart rate to intrinsic
      heart rate, and was significantly lower in the trained subjects (0.68 +/- 0.03)
      than the untrained subjects (0.81 +/- 0.03) indicating a greater parasympathetic
      dominance at rest in the trained subjects. Arterial pressure decreased
      significantly more during LBNP in the trained subjects and was due to lower
      chronotropic and vasoconstrictor responses in these trained subjects. 'Cardiac
      autonomic balance' was equilibrated between the groups by partial parasympathetic
      blockade with atropine sulfate in the trained subjects and partial sympathetic
      blockade with metoprolol tartrate in the untrained subjects. Equilibration of
      cardiac autonomic balance eliminated the group differences in blood pressure
      maintenance, and chronotropic and vasoconstrictor responsiveness during LBNP. It
      was hypothesized that the elevated tone of parasympathetic control of the heart
      rate of the trained subjects resulted in an attenuation of blood pressure
      regulation.

PMID- 3379250
TI  - Immunohistochemical localisation and electrophysiological actions of GABA in
      prevertebral ganglia in guinea-pig.
AB  - Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the presence of a GABA-like
      material in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia in guinea-pigs. Varicose,
      immunolabelled nerve fibres were observed in close proximity to sympathetic
      neurones in inferior mesenteric ganglia and coeliac ganglia. Non-varicose,
      immunolabelled nerve fibres were observed in lumbar colonic nerves and superior
      coeliac nerves, i.e. in nerve bundles peripheral to prevertebral ganglia.
      Immunolabelling was also present in neurones in the myenteric plexus and in nerve
      fibres in the circular muscle of the colon, as shown previously (Hills et al.,
      Neuroscience, 22 (1987) 301-312). However, GABA-like immunoreactivity was not
      observed in the cell bodies of prevertebral ganglia nor in splanchnic nerves
      central to prevertebral ganglia. It was concluded from these results that
      prevertebral ganglia in guinea-pig receive a GABAergic innervation from neurones
      peripheral to the ganglia, possibly from GABA-containing neurones in the
      myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract. Intracellular recordings were
      made from sympathetic neurones in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG).
      Application of GABA onto the IMG caused a slow depolarisation of sympathetic
      neurones, during which there was a marked decrease in the input resistance of IMG
      cells. Application of GABA also depressed excitatory postsynaptic potentials
      (EPSPs) and action potentials in sympathetic neurones excited by cholinergic
      nerve fibres in the lumbar colonic nerves. The reversal potential of the GABA
      induced slow depolarisation was -37 mV, a value close to the chloride equilibrium
      potential for sympathetic neurones. The actions of GABA were reversibly reduced
      by the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, and were modulated in a predictable manner
      by substituting chloride ions with methane-sulphonate ions. These results
      indicated that GABA, and presumably GABAergic nerves in prevertebral ganglia,
      modulate the excitability of sympathetic neurones by acting on GABAA receptors
      linked to a chloride ionophore.

PMID- 3379251
TI  - Electrophysiology of guinea-pig myenteric neurons correlated with
      immunoreactivity for calcium binding proteins.
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to define the electrophysiological characteristics
      and shapes of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum that are
      immunoreactive for calcium binding proteins. Recordings were made from the
      neurons with intracellular microelectrodes containing a mixture of the
      fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow and KCl solution. The neurons studied were filled
      with Lucifer yellow so that they could be re-identified after processing the
      tissue to reveal immunoreactivity for either the calcium binding protein (CaBP),
      spot 35 protein, or vitamin D-dependent CaBP. Neurons were characterized as being
      AH-neurons, in which each action potential is followed by a prolonged after
      hyperpolarization (greater than 4 s), or S-neurons, in which the prolonged after
      hyperpolarizations were not observed and focal stimulation of internodal strands
      evoked fast excitatory synaptic potentials. S-neurons were never immunoreactive
      for the CaBPs (108 cells), but most AH-neurons (62 of 74) were immunoreactive.
      Immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive AH-neurons were indistinguishable on the
      basis of their electrophysiological properties or their shapes (all the AH
      neurons were Dogiel type II in shape, i.e. smooth soma and many long processes).
      The S-neurons had a variety of shapes, but none could be classified as Dogiel
      type II. It is concluded that most AH-neurons are immunoreactive for calcium
      binding proteins, and that these proteins are restricted to AH-neurons.

PMID- 3379252
TI  - The proportions of sympathetic postganglionic and unmyelinated afferent axons in
      normal and regenerated cat sural nerves.
AB  - Electrophysiological experiments have been carried out to see if the proportions
      of sympathetic postganglionic and unmyelinated afferent axons in a cutaneous
      nerve were changed after injury and regeneration. It seemed possible that an
      alteration in the relative numbers of the two groups of axons could contribute to
      the aetiology of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, but the experiments provided no
      evidence for such a change. There were, however, signs of a decrease in axon
      numbers in the regenerated nerves.

PMID- 3379253
TI  - The role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the inhibition of antral and
      pyloric electrical activity in rabbits.
AB  - The nature of the neurotransmitter released by intramural non-cholinergic non
      adrenergic inhibitory neurones and the type of vagal afferents involved in the
      inhibition of antral and pyloric electrical activity induced by vagal afferent
      stimulation were investigated in conscious rabbits in which both splanchnic
      nerves had previously been cut. The inhibitory effect of duodenal distension was
      reversed by bilateral thoracic vagotomy. Either intravenous or intra-aortic
      infusions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inhibited the electrical
      activity of both antrum and pylorus for several minutes. Electrical stimulation
      of afferent vagal fibres and duodenal distension both inhibited antral and
      pyloric activity and produced a significant increase of portal plasma VIP
      concentration. Numerous VIP-immunoreactive fibres were found to be present in the
      muscular layers of the pylorus. The possibility that this form of inhibition is
      mediated by VIPergic fibres is discussed as is the likely involvement of vagal
      afferent fibres in the case of the response to duodenal distension.

PMID- 3379254
TI  - Salivary changes associated with experimental motion sickness condition in man.
AB  - The effect of experimental motion sickness condition (rotation) on salivary flow
      and composition was studied in 34 healthy male volunteers. In most subjects, the
      flow rate of whole saliva was significantly decreased, while the potassium
      concentration was markedly increased during rotation. These results contrast with
      the classic reports of subjectively increased salivation in the first stages of
      motion sickness and may tentatively be explained in terms of sympathetic
      activation. The salivary protein concentration and secretion rate observed before
      and during rotation were consistently higher in those subjects categorized as
      moderately or severely sick during rotation. The salivary protein levels may
      perhaps be considered as an additional objective variable in the prediction of
      susceptibility to motion sickness.

PMID- 3379255
TI  - Community mental health nursing.

PMID- 3379256
TI  - Determining competency.

PMID- 3379257
TI  - Giving and getting support at the Wellness Center.

PMID- 3379258
TI  - Inadvertent hypothermia.

PMID- 3379259
TI  - Remotivation therapy.

PMID- 3379260
TI  - Acknowledging value of homemaker home health aides.

PMID- 3379261
TI  - Use of physical restraints on older adults.

PMID- 3379262
TI  - Symptomatic restrictive thumb-index flexor tenosynovitis: incidence of
      musculotendinous anomalies and results of treatment.
AB  - During a 5-year period, 33 patients with pain in the palmar aspect of the wrist
      and forearm with and without features of carpal tunnel syndrome were diagnosed as
      having restrictive thumb-index flexor tenosynovitis. The pathognomonic sign in
      this condition was the simultaneous flexion of the index finger with active
      flexion of the thumb across the palm. Treatment included either steroid injection
      into the tendon sheath of the flexor pollicis longus or surgical exploration of
      the palmar aspect of the distal forearm and wrist region. Twenty-six wrists in 24
      patients were surgically explored, and all had hypertrophic tenosynovium between
      the flexor pollicis longus and index profundus tendons. More than half of the
      explored wrists had a tendinous connection between the flexor pollicis longus and
      the flexor profundus of the index digit. Of 17 wrists with follow-up of more than
      6 months, 13 were improved by surgical management. Steroid injection did not have
      a long-term effect.

PMID- 3379263
TI  - Complications and prognosis of treatment of mallet finger.
AB  - This study reviews complications of treatment in 123 mallet fingers treated
      operatively and nonoperatively. In the 84 digits splinted there was a 45% rate of
      complications, mostly skin related; however, these complications were almost
      always transient. For the 45 surgically treated digits the complication rate was
      53%, with 76% of these complications still present at a mean follow-up of 38
      months. Six digits treated initially with splinting (minimum of 6 weeks) and
      later with surgery were included in both groups. Major complications in the
      patients undergoing surgery included deep infection (4%), joint incongruity
      (18%), and nail deformity (18%). In addition, seven patients (16%) required
      reoperation, and all of these had an unsatisfactory result except that in one
      finger the outcome was unknown.

PMID- 3379264
TI  - Epidemiologic study of the mallet finger deformity.
AB  - An epidemiologic survey of 24 members of a three-generation family revealed an
      unusually high incidence of mallet fingers. Twenty mallet fingers were found in
      seven family members by clinical examination, suggesting a familial
      predisposition to develop this deformity. Multiple mallet fingers (range, two to
      six) occurred in four individuals. Classification of these mallet fingers based
      on the mechanism of injury demonstrated a high incidence (85%) resulting from
      minimal trauma or occurring spontaneously. Symptoms and signs of bilateral carpal
      tunnel syndrome were documented in five family members with mallet fingers (71%),
      and three individuals with mallet finger deformities also had associated trigger
      fingers (43%).

PMID- 3379265
TI  - Delayed rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after nonunion of a
      fracture of the dorsal radial tubercle.
AB  - Several apparently conflicting mechanisms have been proposed to explain the
      seemingly spontaneous delayed rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
      (EPL). The following case, the first of its kind of which we are aware, may help
      to clarify the relationships between these mechanisms. Traumatic hyperextension
      of a patient's wrist brought the styloid process of the third metacarpal into
      contact with Lister's tubercle, fracturing it. Chronic chafing of the EPL on the
      nonunited fracture's jagged surface seemed to cause its spontaneous rupture 18
      months later. The long period between accident and rupture is evidence that
      rupture was not caused by crush injury. Because a fracture of Lister's tubercle
      will not normally be visible on radiographs, after accidents in which this may
      have occurred or when the EPL ruptures more than 3 months after injury, we
      recommend that special radiographs of Lister's tubercle be taken to determine if
      such a fracture exists.

PMID- 3379266
TI  - Lipoma of the flexor digitorum superficialis causing triggering at the carpal
      canal and median nerve compression.
AB  - A lipoma in the carpal canal was associated with both triggering of the fingers
      at the level of the transverse carpal ligament and median nerve compression. We
      were unable to find a similar case reported in the English-language literature.

PMID- 3379267
TI  - Evaluation of microsurgical internal neurolysis in a primate median nerve model
      of chronic nerve compression.
AB  - This study evaluates the effect of internal neurolysis on a chronically
      compressed primate median nerve as compared with a simple decompression
      procedure. In 11 adult, cynomologous monkeys, the median nerve in the carpal
      tunnel was banded with a silicone tube. After 6 months of nerve compression (mild
      to moderate compression in our model) in eight monkeys, a microneurosurgical
      internal neurolysis was carried out on the median nerve of one hand and a simple
      decompression (removal of band) was carried out on the median nerve of the other
      hand. Histologic, morphologic, and electrophysiologic evaluation was carried out
      6 months later. Six control animals were similarly evaluated after 0, 6, and 12
      months of nerve compression. The degree of compression produced was not severe in
      that it did not cause Wallerian degeneration. Histologic and electrophysiologic
      improvement was produced in both treatment groups over the two chronically
      compressed groups (6 and 12 months of compression). While internal neurolysis did
      not cause intraneural scarring or nerve fiber damage as compared with simple
      decompression alone, there was no difference noted between the effects of these
      two treatment methods on the chronically compressed nerve.

PMID- 3379268
TI  - Immediate and delayed neurorrhaphy in a rabbit model: a functional, histologic,
      and biochemical comparison.
AB  - The effect of timing of neurorrhaphy on neuromuscular function was studied. The
      extensor digitorum longus neuromuscular units of 51 rabbits were used, with
      repairs performed immediately, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after nerve
      transection. Neuromuscular function was assessed 3 months after nerve repair, as
      was histology, histochemistry, and muscle hydroxyproline content. Force generated
      by immediately repaired units was 93% of unoperated controls. All functional
      delayed repairs produced approximately 50% of control force. Mild endomysial and
      perimysial fibrosis was present in the immediate neurorrhaphy group. Fibrosis was
      mild to moderate in the functional delayed repairs and moderate to severe in the
      nonfunctional repairs. Total and regional hydroxyproline content correlated to
      both function and timing of nerve repair. The data demonstrate that immediate
      repair of peripheral nerve lacerations gives the best functional recovery in this
      rabbit model. If immediate repairs are not performed in the rabbit, approximately
      50% to 75% of normal function can be obtained when repairs are delayed for
      periods of 3 weeks to 6 months.

PMID- 3379269
TI  - Experimental comparison of vascularized and nonvascularized nerve grafting.
AB  - Previous studies have established the superiority of a vascularized nerve graft
      (VNG) over a nonvascularized nerve graft in a scarred recipient bed. This study
      compared the functional results of VNGs with nonvacularized nerve grafts
      (conventional nerve graft [CNG]) in a normal recipient bed. Forty rabbits were
      divided into two groups of 20 each. In one group a median nerve VNG was created
      in one forelimb. In the other group a CNG was created. Postoperative evaluation
      was performed at 10 and 24 weeks. Nerve conduction velocity, compound action
      potential area, axon diameter, and muscle weight did not demonstrate
      statistically significant differences. Axon counts and muscle strength did show a
      superior value for VNGs at 24 weeks.

PMID- 3379270
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome as the initial manifestation of scleroderma.
AB  - Two cases of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) in which carpal tunnel syndrome was
      the initial manifestation are described. The development of persistent bilateral
      swelling of the hand after division of the transverse carpal ligament was a clue
      to the underlying disorder.

PMID- 3379271
TI  - Variation of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist.
AB  - An unusual variation in the course of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve is
      described. This anomaly should be kept in mind during operations for fractures of
      the hook of the hamate and also in atypical clinical patterns of denervation
      caused by trauma or compressive neuropathies.

PMID- 3379272
TI  - Ulnar neuropathy at the wrist associated with aberrant flexor carpi ulnaris
      insertion.
AB  - A 36-year-old man who sustained an industrial hyperextension injury of the wrist
      complained of dysesthesia and pain in the ulnar nerve distribution, aggravated
      for months by wrist movement until exploration. The operation revealed an
      anomalous insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon disrupting a major portion
      of the ulnar nerve proximal to the pisiform. the symptoms were relieved
      completely after neurolysis and modification of the insertion of the tendon.

PMID- 3379273
TI  - Limited open reduction of the lunate facet in comminuted intra-articular
      fractures of the distal radius.
AB  - Intra-articular incongruity of the distal radius at the radiocarpal joint is a
      bad prognostic feature; reduction by closed or open operative techniques is
      important. However, both techniques have limitations. We describe a new technique
      of reduction of the lunate facet under radiographic control, with very limited
      operative exposure and tissue trauma. In two cases anatomic restoration of the
      radiocarpal joint was obtained by this technique and maintained with external and
      limited internal fixation. Follow-up results are very encouraging. Currently we
      suggest use of this simple technique when faced with an incongruous radiocarpal
      joint after unsatisfactory attempts at closed reduction.

PMID- 3379274
TI  - An in vitro analysis of wrist motion: the effect of limited intercarpal
      arthrodesis and the contributions of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints.
AB  - Radiocarpal and intercarpal arthrodeses were simulated in 12 fresh cadaver wrists
      by means of external fixation. Range-of-motion measurements were made before and
      after simulated arthrodesis and used to calculate the contribution of the
      midcarpal and radiocarpal joints to wrist motion, as well as the residual wrist
      motion after limited intercarpal arthrodeses. Relative contributions to wrist
      motion were as follows: wrist flexion: radiocarpal (RC) joint 63%, midcarpal (MC)
      joint 36%; wrist extension: RC joint 53%, MC joint 46%. The wrist motion
      remaining after simulated arthrodeses was as follows: capitate-hamate: flexion
      (Flx) 98%, extension (Ext) 92%, ulnar deviation (UD) 96%, radial deviation (RD)
      90%; scaphoid-lunate: Flx 97%, Ext 91%, UD 90%, RD 91%; scaphoid-trapezium
      trapezoid: Flx 86%, Ext 88%, UD 67%, RD 69%; scaphoid-lunate-triquetrum: Flx 91%,
      Ext 82%, UD 86%, RD 70%; capitate-lunate: Flx 70%, Ext 59%, UD 89%, RD 79%;
      capitate-hamate-triquetrum: Flx 88%, Ext 79%, UD 88%, RD 81%; hamate-triquetrum:
      Flx 90%, Ext 85%, UD 89%, RD 94%; scaphoid-trapezium-trapezoid-capitate: Flx 85%,
      Ext 77%, UD 64%, RD 57%.

PMID- 3379276
TI  - Partial excision of the triangular fibrocartilage complex.
AB  - A cadaver model was used to evaluate the effect of partial excision of the
      triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) on ulnar wrist kinetics. Excision of
      less than two thirds of the horizontal portion of the TFCC was found to have no
      statistical effect experimentally on forearm axial load transmission. This data
      supports, from a biomechanical standpoint, partial excision of the central
      portion of the TFCC--a procedure advocated clinically by some for treatment of a
      central TFCC perforation.

PMID- 3379275
TI  - Intercarpal arthrodesis for static and dynamic volar intercalated segment
      instability.
AB  - Since 1982 seven patients with volar intercalary segment instability (VISI) have
      been operated on at the Massachusetts General Hospital. All had preoperative
      wrist pain and described a painful "clunk" with ulnar deviation. In each case
      there was palpable evidence of instability when the wrist was deviated ulnarly
      that produced a "buckling" sensation as the distal and proximal rows rotated with
      ulnar deviation. Arthrograms in six patients and a cineradiography in one patient
      confirmed that this buckling correlated with volar rotation of the lunate and
      triquetrum and dorsal rotation of the capitate and hamate. All the patients had
      some type of intercarpal arthrodesis including four capitate-lunate-triquetrum
      hamate (CLTH), one lunate-triquetrum (LT), one lunate-triquetrum-hamate (LTH),
      and one triquetrum-hamate (TH). Surgical findings included the position of the
      lunate that had rotated on the capitate so that it was tilting volarly and the
      major ligament instability was between the proximal and distal rows although
      ligament tears were also present between lunate and triquetrum. Arthrodesis of
      the proximal and distal rows provided relief of wrist pain in five of six
      patients. The one patient with the arthrodesis limited to the proximal row had a
      poor result. Of the five successful cases, the postoperative range of wrist
      motion was 81 degrees of extension/flexion arc (63% of the normal contralateral)
      and 35 degrees of radial and ulnar deviation arc (57% of the normal contralateral
      wrist). The grip strength postoperatively averaged 58 pounds (74% of the normal
      contralateral side).

PMID- 3379277
TI  - Extravasations of radiographic contrast material in the upper extremity.
AB  - Five significant extravasations of radiographic contrast material in the upper
      extremity were treated with early surgical drainage in an attempt to prevent
      extensive skin necrosis. Four of the five patients underwent operation within 6
      hours of the extravasations, and all of these patients had excellent functional
      and cosmetic results without any evidence of skin necrosis. One patient who had a
      poor result did not undergo operation until 20 hours after a severe extravasation
      to the dorsum of the right hand. Most small-volume, less-extensive extravasations
      can be satisfactorily managed conservatively. Our clinical experience indicates
      that large subcutaneous extravasations of radiographic contrast material (volume
      more than 20 ml) should be surgically drained within 6 hours to prevent extensive
      damage to tissue.

PMID- 3379278
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the hand: fifty-five case reports.
AB  - Although squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignant tumor of
      the hand, in absolute terms it is rarely encountered. We describe a series of 55
      cases of this tumor. Mortality caused by squamous cell carcinoma of the hand is
      higher compared with figures observed with the same lesion in other sites. The
      recurrence rate (22%) indicates a need for radical surgical resection and a three
      dimensional histologic reconstruction of the lesion's extent. The incidence of
      metastasis is rather high (28%), and in all cases except one the regional lymph
      nodes were the first site of metastasis. Despite the presence of a metastatic
      lesion, lymphadenectomy apparently improves patient survival. Routine
      prophylactic lymphadenectomy has not yielded encouraging results. Lymphadenectomy
      is recommended in every patient with a recurrence, even though the nodes may not
      be palpable.

PMID- 3379279
TI  - Infarction of the upper limbs associated with oligohydramnios and intrauterine
      compression.
AB  - We describe a case of neonatal infarction involving both upper extremities.
      Oligohydramnios, resulting in compression of both arms within the uterus, is
      proposed as the cause of this congenital gangrene. Despite attempted conservative
      management, both arms became flaccid and moist. By the third day of life, the
      infant's worsening cardiovascular status necessitated amputation. This rare
      disorder has varying degrees of presentation. Limbs have been salvaged with
      conservative management of the extremity, coupled with appropriate surgical
      intervention, and neonatal intensive care.

PMID- 3379280
TI  - Great toe-to-hand transfer: role of the preoperative lateral arteriogram of foot.
AB  - This report correlates the results of the lateral angiogram of the foot with the
      operative dissection and eventual outcome in 29 patients in whom a great toe-to
      hand transfer was performed to treat a traumatic loss of the thumb. Our
      angiographic findings were confirmed by surgical exploration and indicated that
      (1) in 20 (70%) of 29 patients the first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA)
      originated from the dorsalis pedis artery, dorsal to the midlongitudinal axis of
      the first metatarsal bone; (2) in 6 (20%) of 29 patients the FDMA originated from
      the dorsalis pedis artery, plantar to the midlongitudinal axis of the first
      metatarsal bone; (3) in the remaining 3 (10%) of 29 patients the arteriogram of
      the lateral foot indicated that the plantar metatarsal artery supplied the great
      toe in a dominant pattern, necessitating its use as the donor vessel; and (4) the
      measured lumenal diameters of the dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries (mean
      diameter = 1.30 mm and 1.27 mm, respectively) did not significantly differ. The
      lateral views of the foot were helpful in permitting distinct identification of
      the location and size of the metatarsal arteries to the great toe.

PMID- 3379281
TI  - Maximum hypothermic ischemia in replants containing muscular tissue.
AB  - Excision and replantation of the latissimus dorsi muscle of the rabbit was done
      after various periods of hypothermic ischemia (5 degrees C). Sections studied
      under the light microscope were classified as having minimal changes, slight
      degenerative changes, severe degenerative changes, or necrosis. In all sections
      of the 24-hour group total or nearly total necrosis was found. In the 5-, 8-, and
      16-hour groups slight degenerative changes and severe degenerative changes, with
      a severe reactive proliferation of fibroblasts were seen. A sliding scale was
      found in which severe degenerative changes were seen more often as ischemia time
      lasted longer. No statistical significance was found between the various groups.

PMID- 3379282
TI  - Mutilating corn-picker injuries of the hand.
AB  - Our experience with 15 patients who had acute mutilating hand injuries from corn
      picker machines is reviewed. Three injury patterns were defined. Type I involved
      severe injury to all digits of the hand, including the thumb; type II injuries
      involved amputation of all fingers, in whole or in part, but with sparing of the
      thumb; and type III injuries involved amputation of multiple fingers with sparing
      of the thumb and at least one other digit. Attempts at revascularization or at
      complex reconstruction of the injured digits in the period immediately after
      injury failed in all 15 patients. The most satisfactory results in patients with
      type I injuries were obtained by complex reconstructive procedures such as toe-to
      hand transfer. Patients with type II injuries were best treated with construction
      of a mitten-type hand by various methods. Patients with type III injuries were
      best treated by amputation of the devascularized digits.

PMID- 3379283
TI  - Internal fixation of an unstable open fracture of a distal phalanx with a Herbert
      screw.
AB  - A 20-year-old patient was seen with an unstable, infected, open fracture of the
      distal phalanx of the long finger of the right dominant hand. The patient was
      treated by removal of the nail, debridement of the fracture site, and
      stabilization of the fracture with a Herbert screw. The Herbert screw compressed
      the fracture site and allowed early active motion of the distal inter-phalangeal
      (DIP) joint. The wound healed without incident, and the fracture was
      radiographically united 6 weeks after the procedure. The Herbert screw is useful
      in the treatment of unstable fractures of the distal phalanx, since the screw
      maintains reduction, compresses the fracture site, and allows early active motion
      of the DIP joint.

PMID- 3379284
TI  - The fascial radial flap.
AB  - Six patients with full-thickness skin loss complicating traumatic problems of the
      hand each had a retrograde forearm fascia flap transfer. Fascial pedicle flaps
      were used, because more conventional means of coverage had failed or were deemed
      inappropriate. Four patients had an uncomplicated one-stage flap transfer. Two
      patients had postoperative hematoma, but no further procedures were required. One
      patient had superficial necrosis of more than one fourth of the flap. Hematoma
      and necrosis were considered to be a result of a reversed flow occurring in the
      radial artery and its vena comitant and to the increased vascular pressure of the
      flap. This technique provides soft tissue reconstruction of the hand in one
      stage, with the advantage of early rehabilitation.

PMID- 3379285
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of the hook of the hamate: a new technique.
AB  - Radiographic confirmation in cases of suspected hook of hamate fractures can be
      very difficult. Films, including the carpal tunnel view, may be difficult to
      interpret. We describe a new semisupine oblique radiographic view of the carpus
      that permits excellent visualization of the hamate hook, is cost efficient, and
      allows for patient comfort during the study.

PMID- 3379286
TI  - Palmar lunate dislocation with a dorsal scaphoid fracture variant.
AB  - A 20-year-old man had a dorsally displaced fracture of the proximal pole of the
      scaphoid and an ipsilateral palmar lunate dislocation--a rare combination of
      injuries that has not been previously reported. The most likely pathomechanics of
      this injury is a sheer fracture of the proximal pole of the scaphoid by the
      dorsal lip of the distal radius as the injury shifts from a dorsal perilunate to
      a palmar lunate pattern.

PMID- 3379287
TI  - Injury to collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of a finger.
AB  - Twenty-two patients with injury to the collateral ligament of the
      metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint of a finger are reported. Thirteen cases were
      acute injuries and nine cases were chronic injuries. In all cases arthrography
      was performed. The arthrographic findings correlated with the grade of joint
      stability. Arthrographics of the unstable joint gave useful information for
      elucidating the mechanism of injury and deciding whether surgical treatment was
      indicated. At exploratory surgery, a Stener lesion was identified in one case in
      which the ruptured end of the ligament was trapped by the proximal portion of the
      expansion hood and sagittal band.

PMID- 3379288
TI  - Thumb metacarpophalangeal capsulodesis: an adjunct procedure to basal joint
      arthroplasty for collapse deformity of the first ray.
AB  - Thirteen patients had thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) capsulodesis in conjunction
      with basal joint arthroplasty. The indication for capsulodesis was an MP
      hyperextension deformity of at least 30 degrees. The minimum follow-up period was
      12 months, and the average follow-up was 39 months. Nine patients had an
      excellent result, three had a good result, and one patient had a result that was
      rated as fair. Ten patients had complete correction of the MP hyperextension
      deformity. The average increase in pinch strength was 50%. This procedure
      enhances the result of a basal point arthroplasty by improving the transmission
      of force along the thumb ray and by correcting the metacarpal collapse, which
      produces dorsal subluxation stress on the metacarpotrapezial joint.

PMID- 3379289
TI  - Distal avulsion of the palmar plate of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb.
AB  - A 63-year-old woman was unable to actively flex the interphalangeal joint of her
      right thumb after a hyperextension injury. Surgical exploration revealed an
      avulsion of the distal insertion of the palmar plate, allowing the bulk of the
      plate to block the joint during attempted active flexion. Resection of the palmar
      plate restored active flexion and caused no joint instability. We do not believe
      this lesion, which resulted in this disability, has been previously described.

PMID- 3379290
TI  - Management of sea urchin spines in the hand.
AB  - The left palm of a 43-year-old woman was penetrated by sea urchin spines.
      Localization of the spines by soft tissue technique x-ray films proved to be the
      key to their easy removal. A review of the literature shows this to be an
      uncommon problem and that spine removal may be important to avoid long-term
      sequelae of pain and loss of function.

PMID- 3379291
TI  - Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and cigarette smoking.
AB  - Although the cause of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) remains unknown,
      hyperactivity of the sympathetic nerves and secondary vasospasm may be pathogenic
      in this syndrome. A retrospective epidemiologic study of RSD was done on 53 in
      patients from 1978-1985. Cigarette smoking was strikingly increased in patient
      frequency in RSD (68% versus 37% of hospitalized controls, p less than 0.0001).
      Eighty-seven percent of the patients had a history of trauma or surgery, and 38%
      had other associated diseases. Cigarette smoking is statistically linked to RSD
      and may be involved in its pathogenesis by enhancing sympathetic activity,
      vasoconstriction, or by some other unknown mechanism.

PMID- 3379292
TI  - Scaphoid screws.

PMID- 3379293
TI  - Learning from those who know.

PMID- 3379294
TI  - New dimensions of death.

PMID- 3379295
TI  - Self awareness and intensive care nursing.

PMID- 3379296
TI  - Advanced cardiac life support: current perspectives.

PMID- 3379298
TI  - Proceedings of the eighth International Congress of Histochemistry and
      Cytochemistry. 39th annual meeting, the Histochemical Society. Washington, DC,
      July 31 - August 5, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3379297
TI  - Realising the potential of pocket computers for intensive care.

PMID- 3379299
TI  - Post-stenotic arterial pressures, renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion during
      graded pressure reduction in conscious rats with one- and two-kidney coarctation
      hypertension.
AB  - Study of rat models of renovascular hypertension has been limited by the
      difficulty in measuring the post-stenotic pressures in conscious animals. We
      studied a model using inter-renal aortic coarctation (0.33 mm clip) in which post
      stenotic (iliac) and systemic (carotid) pressures could be measured chronically.
      One-kidney-coarctation (1K-coarctation) rats (analagous to one-kidney, one clip
      hypertension) were compared to two-kidney-coarctation (2K-coarctation) and 1K
      sham-coarctation groups. After coarctation, post-stenotic pressures fell to 40 +/
      4 mmHg then rose to normal over 5 days, concomitantly with a rise in systemic
      pressure to 141 +/- 6 mmHg. 1K-coarctation animals developed consistently higher
      post-stenotic pressures than 2K-coarctation rats after 6 weeks. Reduction of
      systemic pressures to normal with sodium nitroprusside induced major decrements
      in renal function in 1K-coarctation rats [effective renal plasma flow (ERPF):
      4.32 +/- 0.40 to 1.41 +/- 0.28 ml/min; P less than 0.01; glomerular filtration
      rate (GFR), 1.56 +/- 0.18 to 0.42 +/- 0.33 ml/min, P less than 0.01], but not in
      2K-coarctation or 1K-sham-coarctation groups. This produced an abrupt decrease in
      filtered sodium load, which combined with a decline in fractional sodium
      excretion during pressure reduction to make 1K-coarctation rats especially
      sensitive to fluctuations in renal artery pressure. We propose that a marked
      dependence upon post-stenotic perfusion pressures to maintain sodium homeostasis
      may be involved in sustaining hypertension in 1K-renovascular models. Inter-renal
      coarctation provides a valuable model for studying post-stenotic haemodynamic
      changes in chronically instrumented rats.

PMID- 3379301
TI  - Dehydration natriuresis in Dahl S rats: no evidence for renal excretory deficit.
AB  - There is conflicting evidence for the existence of a renal sodium excretory
      deficit in the salt-sensitive hypertensive Dahl S (DS) rat strain. While
      presentation of acute sodium loads, in vivo or in vitro, suggests that DS kidneys
      cannot excrete sodium as efficiently as kidneys from the salt insensitive genetic
      control Dahl R (DR) rat strain, metabolic studies of Dahl rats on a high-sodium
      diet are unable to differentiate between DS and DR rats. The natriuretic response
      to acute sodium loads is dependent on the integrity of structures in or near the
      anteroventral 3rd ventricle (AV3V) region. Therefore, it was thought that an AV3V
      dependent chronic sodium challenge might also uncover an excretory defect in DS
      rats. We have investigated the renal response of inbred Dahl S (SS/Jr) and Dahl R
      (SR/Jr), and Sprague-Dawley rats to 48 h of dehydration; a manoeuvre which
      produces hyperosmolality and hypernatremia, with its renal response dependent on
      the integrity of the AV3V. Inbred Dahl S, Dahl R and Sprague-Dawley rats showed
      identical renal electrolyte excretory responses to both dehydration and
      rehydration. These results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of salt
      induced hypertension and dehydration natriuresis.

PMID- 3379300
TI  - Blood pressure and endogenous testosterone in men: an inverse relationship.
AB  - Exogenous sex hormone use, including oral contraceptives, post-menopausal
      hormonal therapy and anabolic steroids, has been associated with blood pressure
      changes in both sexes, but little is known about the relationship between blood
      pressure and endogenous sex hormones. We examined this relationship in men in the
      Rancho Bernardo population study. Out of 1132 men aged 30-79 years, those with
      hypertension, categorically defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than
      160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 95 mmHg had
      significantly lower testosterone levels than non-hypertensives. Systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure inversely correlated with testosterone levels (r = 0.17,
      P less than 0.001 for systolic; r = -0.15, P less than 0.001 for diastolic) in
      the whole cohort. This association was present over the whole range of blood
      pressures and sex hormone levels with a stepwise decrease in mean SBP and DBP per
      increasing quartile of testosterone. Obesity accounted for some, but not all, of
      this relationship, which was reduced, but still apparent after adjusting for age
      and body mass index. No other hormone (androstenedione, estrone, estradiol) nor
      sex hormone-binding globulin showed a consistent relationship with blood
      pressure. The clinical and physiological significance of this relationship merits
      further investigation.

PMID- 3379302
TI  - Polymeric IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor decrease the capacity of serum to
      solubilize circulating immune complexes in patients with primary IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the presence of immune
      complexes (IC), high levels of polymeric IgA (pIgA), and IgA rheumatoid factor
      (RF) in the blood. The impaired capacity of serum to solubilize IC in the
      presence of normal values of C hemolytic activity as well as high serum levels of
      C3, C4, and properdin factor B have led us to analyze whether pIgA and IgA RF
      from patients with IgAN where capable of inhibiting the capacity of normal human
      serum to solubilize immune precipitates (BSA-anti-BSA) preformed at equivalence.
      The results showed a significant reduced mean capacity of serum from patients
      with IgAN to solubilize "in vitro" immune precipitates (p less than 0.001) and
      significant high mean levels of pIgA (p less than 0.001) and IgA RF (p less than
      0.005) in the blood. Increasing amounts of pIgA inhibited solubilization of IC in
      the fluid phase, and inhibitory activity was also shown by the IgA RF. There were
      inverse correlations between pIgA and the capacity of serum to solubilize IC (r =
      -0.36; p less than 0.05), and between IgA RF and the complement-mediated
      solubilization (r = -0.57; p less than 0.001). It is suggested that pIgA and IgA
      RF may be responsible for the impaired complement-mediated solubilization of
      serum and the persistence of insoluble nephritogenic IC in the blood of patients
      with primary IgAN.

PMID- 3379303
TI  - Differential regulation of gene expression during macrophage activation with a
      polyribonucleotide. The role of endogenously derived IFN.
AB  - The activation of macrophages by exposure to the polyribonucleotide, poly [I:C],
      is accompanied by a large stimulation of the synthesis of the C components factor
      B and C3, and a concomitant inhibition of the synthesis of the lysosomal enzyme
      beta-glucuronidase. Northern blot analysis of poly [A+] RNA extracted from poly
      [I:C]-stimulated cells revealed that the changes in the synthesis of factor B and
      C3 were related to changes in the levels of their respective mRNA and hence the
      expression of these proteins appeared to be regulated at a pre-translational
      level. The down-regulation of the synthesis of beta-glucuronidase appeared to be
      regulated at both translational and pre-translational levels. In view of the
      proposed role of macrophage-derived IFN in the regulation of macrophage
      activation, we investigated the possible role of IFN-alpha/beta in the regulation
      of the synthesis of factor B, C3, and beta-glucuronidase. Exposure of macrophages
      to mouse IFN-alpha and IFN-beta induced limited changes in the synthesis of
      factor B, C3, and beta-glucuronidase. However, pretreatment of macrophages with
      only 500 U/ml of IFN-beta primed the cells thereby increasing their sensitivity
      to poly [I:C]. IFN-alpha was less effective as a priming agent. When macrophages
      were exposed to poly [I:C] in the presence of an anti-mouse IFN-alpha/beta
      antiserum, the changes in the synthesis of factor B, C3, and beta-glucuronidase
      were partially inhibited. Collectively, these data indicate first, that exposure
      of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages to poly [I:C] differentially regulates
      the expression of the products of the genes for factor B, C3, and beta
      glucuronidase. Second, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta prime macrophages to increase the
      sensitivity of macrophages to poly [I:C]. Third, in the absence of exogenous IFN,
      macrophage-derived IFN appears to participate in priming the cells in an
      autocrine or paracrine fashion.

PMID- 3379304
TI  - Characteristics and mechanism of neutrophil-mediated cytostasis induced by tumor
      necrosis factor.
AB  - After being treated with rTNF, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were highly
      suppressive to the growth of four different tumor target cells, Raji, K562, UCLA
      SO-M14, and U937. Neutralizing TNF with specific antibodies before PMN were
      treated blocked induction of the anti-proliferative activity against Raji.
      However, after PMN were exposed to TNF the cytostatic activity could not be
      reversed by the antibody or by washing off TNF, indicating that the continuous
      presence of TNF was not required for expression of the anti-proliferative
      function. Addition of the hydrogen peroxide (HP) scavenger, catalase, at the
      beginning of the assay inhibited the cytostatic activity, suggesting that HP was
      involved in suppressing the tumor cell growth. In contrast, other reactive oxygen
      species inhibitors such as superoxide dismutase, sodium azide, L-methionine, or
      deferoxamine did not inhibit the cytostasis. HP alone at above 10 microM was
      cytostatic to Raji cells. The presence of TNF did not increase the sensitivity of
      Raji to HP. TNF activated PMN to produce HP but the amount of HP released in the
      culture supernatant was too low for direct cytostasis. PMN also became more
      adherent after TNF treatment. Therefore, the TNF-induced cytostasis may be
      mediated by local high concentrations of HP produced by PMN.

PMID- 3379305
TI  - Immunoregulation in murine malaria. Susceptibility of inbred mice to infection
      with Plasmodium yoelii depends on the dynamic interplay of host and parasite
      genes.
AB  - Inbred and H-2 congenic mouse strains were tested for their ability to resist
      infections with the non-lethal 17X or with the lethal YM isolates of Plasmodium
      yoelii. DBA/2 and B10.D2 mice, which best resisted infections with non-lethal P.
      yoelii, were exquisitely susceptible to infection with lethal isolates of this
      malaria species. In contrast, B6 and B10 mice, which were susceptible to
      infection with non-lethal P. yoelii, were resistant to infection with the lethal
      isolates. This reversal of host response phenotype was influenced by H-2 genes,
      as evidenced by the divergent responses of the H-2 congenic strains B10 and
      B10.D2. However, a survey of mouse strains sharing common H-2 genes, but
      expressing different genetic backgrounds, demonstrated that genes outside the H-2
      complex also influence the outcome of P. yoelii infections. By enumerating the
      numbers of P. yoelii-specific antibody-secreting cells in the spleens of infected
      mice, it was demonstrated that B6 mice, although susceptible to infection with
      non-lethal P. yoelii, nonetheless made a far stronger anti-parasite response
      after infection than did resistant DBA/2 mice. Using FACS analysis it was shown
      that infected B6 mice also produced large amounts of antibodies which bound to
      the surface of uninfected RBC. Thus, in B6 mice infected with non-lethal P.
      yoelii, a strong parasite-induced immune response was associated with
      susceptibility rather than resistance to infection. When T cell-deficient nude
      mice and their normal littermates were infected with the different isolates of P.
      yoelii, the nude mice had lower levels of parasitemia and higher RBC counts
      during the early stages of these infections, and lived longer than did normal
      littermates after infection with the lethal isolate. These data and the data from
      studies of B6 and DBA/2 mice support the idea that a strong immune response may
      be associated with susceptibility rather than resistance to P. yoelii, at least
      during the early stages of the infection. The finding that a single strain of
      mouse may present as resistant to infection with one P. yoelii isolate yet be
      exquisitely susceptible to infection with another suggests that the outcome of
      these murine malaria infections is dependent on a dynamic interplay between host
      and parasite genes. Thus, when genetic variability exists in both the host and
      the parasite populations, as would occur in nature, there may be little directed
      evolutionary change toward one phenotype or another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3379306
TI  - An immunogenic antigen of murine Plasmodium yoelii 17X associates with class I
      MHC glycoproteins.
AB  - Reticulocytes infected with the non-lethal variant of Plasmodium yoelii 17X
      (PY17X-NL) express elevated levels of class I, but not class II, MHC Ag when
      compared with non-parasitized reticulocytes. In contrast, class I Ag are not
      detectable on erythrocytes parasitized by the lethal variant PY17X-L. In
      addition, the responder status of various inbred strains of mice to PY17X-NL has
      been shown to positively correlate with the levels of class I MHC antigens
      expressed on PY17X-NL parasitized red blood cells (PRBC). MHC Ag are known to
      restrict, or guide, immune responses. However, earlier studies have failed to
      demonstrate H-2 restricted activity in the effector arm of immunity to blood
      stage murine malaria. Therefore, we have examined the induction of immunity by
      irradiated PY17X-NL PRBC. No MHC restriction was observed in the ability of PRBC
      to immunize recipients. However, using irradiated PRBC bearing low, intermediate
      or high levels of class I Ag we found that the levels, rather than haplotype, of
      class I Ag expressed on irradiated PRBC greatly influenced their ability to
      induce immunity. Furthermore, class I-associated parasite-directed Ag were
      isolated as an immunogenic complex with anti-class I MHC antibody. Such complexes
      induced immunity in vivo in the absence of adjuvant suggesting a biologically
      important mechanism by which non-lethal, reticulocytic forms of malarial
      parasites may immunize their hosts.

PMID- 3379307
TI  - The major concanavalin A-binding surface glycoprotein of Leishmania donovani
      chagasi promastigotes is involved in attachment to human macrophages.
AB  - Leishmania donovani, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis, is an obligate
      intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages. Considerable evidence has
      suggested that the ingestion of L. donovani promastigotes by macrophages occurs
      via receptors on the surface of the phagocyte. During this study, a
      glycoconjugate that may be involved in the receptor-mediated ingestion of L.
      donovani chagasi promastigotes was isolated from the parasite membrane. Octyl
      glucoside-soluble extracts of promastigote membranes contained a predominant
      doublet migrating at 60 kDa, seen by SDS-PAGE. The 60-kDa molecule was the major
      externally disposed promastigote surface protein labeled by 125I, and it was the
      major Con A-binding protein on L. donovani chagasi, as determined by Con A
      binding to parasite proteins transferred to nitrocellulose. Attachment of
      promastigotes to human monocyte-derived macrophages was inhibited by varying
      concentrations of the membrane extract containing both proteins, and adsorption
      of extracts on Con A-Sepharose resulted in both removal of the 60,000 Mr
      glycoprotein and loss of the ability of extracts to inhibit promastigote
      attachment to human macrophages. After further purification of the 60-kDa
      glycoprotein by gel filtration, its inhibitory activity increased 45-fold over
      the unpurified membrane extract. Examination of Con A blots of stationary phase
      promastigotes isolated from an infected hamster revealed a marked loss in the
      major Con A-binding glycoprotein over 4 mo in in vitro culture after isolation
      from the rodent host, corresponding to a loss in infectivity of the promastigotes
      for hamsters. The results suggest that the major Con A-binding surface
      glycoprotein from L. donovani chagasi promastigotes is important in attachment to
      human macrophages, and may be a factor in parasite virulence for a mammalian
      host.

PMID- 3379308
TI  - Tracing the evolution of H-2 D region genes using sequences associated with a
      repetitive element.
AB  - The class I genes in the murine MHC are genetically divided into the K, D, Qa,
      and T1a region subfamilies. These genes presumably arose by duplication from a
      common class I ancestor. Oligonucleotide probes specific for sequences associated
      with a moderately repetitive B2 SINE element, which is inserted into the 3'
      untranslated region of the H-2D and H-2L genes, were used to examine the
      evolutionary relationship between these classically defined D region genes (H-2D
      and H-2L) and the other members of the class I gene family. Hybridization
      analyses of recombinant cosmid and genomic DNA indicated that the D region genes
      separated genetically from the other members of the class I gene family 12 to 14
      million years ago. The evidence suggests that during this time frame the
      chromosomal segment harboring the characteristic insertion became fixed in the
      ancestral population which gave rise to Mus domesticus. Previous studies have
      shown that the number of genes present in the Qa and T1a regions varies among
      inbred strains and among laboratory stocks of wild mice derived from more distant
      species on the genus Mus. No evidence was found in this study to support the
      hypothesis that variation in class I gene number is the result of recent
      duplications of the functionally defined class I genes of the D region, H-2D and
      H-2L.

PMID- 3379309
TI  - Age-related variation in the proportion and activity of murine liver natural
      killer cells and their cytotoxicity against regenerating hepatocytes.
AB  - We investigated the distribution of liver NK cells in mice of various ages and
      their cytotoxicity against regenerating hepatocytes. Liver NK cells were
      identified by asialo GM1 antibody in mononuclear cell suspension from the liver,
      whereas NK activity was assayed against YAC-1 target cells. Mononuclear cells in
      the liver consisted of more than 25% NK cells with potent NK activity in C3H/He
      mice, 8 wk of age. The strain-specific distribution (C3H/He greater than C57BL/6
      greater than DBA/2) of liver NK cells was the same as those in the spleen and
      blood. The proportion of liver NK cells and the level of NK activity in C3H/He
      mice were further demonstrated to vary depending on age, in that both the
      proportion and the function were generated at 4 wk of age, reached a maximum
      between the 6th and 8th wk, and then rapidly decreased around the 9th wk. The
      appearance of an increased number of NK cells in the liver seemed to coincide
      with the slowing of the rapid increase of murine liver weight. We then
      investigated whether liver NK cells mediated their cytotoxicity against
      regenerating hepatocytes. Both specific 51Cr-release assay and single cell
      cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that liver NK cells were significantly cytotoxic
      against regenerating hepatocytes in partially hepatectomized liver, but to a
      lesser extent against normal hepatocytes in resting liver. Morphologic study
      revealed that normal liver predominantly consisted of hepatocytes with binuclei
      (greater than 60%) but that regenerating liver mainly consisted of hepatocytes
      with a single nucleus (greater than 70%). One-nucleus hepatocytes were more
      susceptible to the cytotoxicity of liver NK cells. A comparative study of
      restoration kinetics of the liver weight and the number of liver NK cells after
      partial hepatectomy also showed a unique relationship. These results raise the
      possibility that liver NK cells might be responsible for regulating hepatocyte
      growth.

PMID- 3379310
TI  - An improvement on the Bollman method of restraining and collecting thoracic duct
      lymph from the rat.
AB  - A method of obtaining rat thoracic duct lymphocytes is described, including a
      review of the surgical technique, with several modifications, and including an
      outline of a newly designed rat restrainer that helps to triple thoracic duct
      output compared to the Bollman restrainer. The new restrainer allows the rat
      increased mobility but protects the thoracic duct cannula. Unanesthetized 200 g
      rats yielded 80 ml/day thoracic duct lymph containing 4.2 x 10(4) lymphocytes/ml.

PMID- 3379312
TI  - Purification of egg yolk immunoglobulins. A two-step procedure using hydrophobic
      interaction chromatography and gel filtration.
AB  - A two-step chromatographic procedure was developed for the isolation and
      purification of hen IgY antibodies from egg yolk. The antibodies were completely
      separated from vitellin and lipids by hydrophobic interaction chromatography
      followed by gel filtration. Almost no residual yolk proteins, no immunoglobulin
      aggregates, and no antibody fragments could be detected in the final extract.
      Moreover, the method described, guarantees the recovery of antibodies of
      undiminished activity. Although the final yield is somewhat lower than that
      obtained by an isolation method consisting of two precipitation steps with
      polyethylene glycol and alcohol respectively, the procedure described is
      particularly recommended when highly purified antibody preparations are needed.

PMID- 3379311
TI  - The development of a quantitative RIA for basic fibroblast growth factor using
      polyclonal antibodies against the 157 amino acid form of human bFGF. The
      identification of bFGF in adherent elicited murine peritoneal macrophages.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies which have the capacity to neutralize the biological
      activity of basic fibriblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro, have been raised in
      rabbits against the 157 amino acid form of bFGF purified from human placenta. In
      a dot blot assay the anti-bFGF antibodies do not recognize the acidic form of FGF
      (aFGF) with which the basic form shares significant amino acid sequence homology.
      As determined by immunoblotting, bFGF antibodies recognized only bFGF in a
      mixture of placentally derived heparin-binding proteins, demonstrating the
      specificity of these antibodies. Using the anti-human bFGF antibodies, we have
      developed a solid-phase competitive radioimmunoassay sensitive to 7.8 ng/ml (0.4
      pmol/ml) for bFGF. aFGF does not compete with bFGF for binding to the antibodies
      in the radioimmunoassay even at 2.04 micrograms/ml. The specificity of the assay
      was further demonstrated by a lack of competition of cytochrome C, myoglobin,
      epidermal growth factor or bovine serum albumin with bFGF for binding to the
      antibodies. We have identified bFGF in extracts of adherent thioglycollate
      stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages by immunological criteria including the
      ability of the extract to compete with 125I-bFGF for binding to affinity-purified
      anti-human bFGF antibodies in the RIA and the ability of these antibodies in
      inhibit the bFGF-like biological activity of the macrophage extract.

PMID- 3379313
TI  - Curing human hybridomas infected with Mycoplasma hyorhinis.
AB  - Tiamuline and minocycline were evaluated for the treatment of an IgM producing
      human-human hybridoma cell line infected with Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Tiamuline was
      used at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml culture medium and minocycline at a
      concentration of 5 micrograms/ml culture medium. Both antibiotics were found to
      eliminate mycoplasma infection over a treatment period of 3 weeks, and the
      hybridoma cell line remained mycoplasma-free for 6 months after treatment.
      Tiamuline had no effect on either cell growth or IgM secretion. Whereas treatment
      with minocycline alternated the cell proliferation and completely inhibited IgM
      secretion. This effect on cell function was found to be reversible since both
      cell growth and IgM secretion returned to normal 1 week after the minocycline had
      been removed. Tiamuline as well as minocycline may be recommended for the
      treatment of human hybridomas infected with mycoplasma.

PMID- 3379314
TI  - MicroELISA detection of thymosin alpha 1 released in thymic organ cultures.
AB  - Using a polyclonal specific rabbit anti-thymosin alpha 1 a highly sensitive
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure thymosin
      alpha 1. Production of thymosin alpha 1 was detected in both thymic organ
      cultures and in mouse serum. The method is rapid (5 h), reproducible and easy to
      perform.

PMID- 3379315
TI  - 14C-labeling of synthetic peptides.
AB  - Two methods are described for the labeling of synthetic peptides using
      iodo[14C]acetic acid. The first procedure may be employed when the synthetic
      fragment contains a cysteine with a free sulfhydryl group. Alternatively, a
      commercial amino-protected cysteine may be carboxymethylated using radioactive
      iodoacetic acid. This derivative can be added to the growing peptide chain in the
      manual or automatic solid-phase synthesis of the fragment.

PMID- 3379317
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis presenting as arthritis mutilans with rheumatoid lung.

PMID- 3379316
TI  - Superior leukocyte separation with a discontinuous one-step Ficoll-Hypaque
      gradient for the isolation of human neutrophils.
AB  - A discontinuous gradient system composed of two commercially available Ficoll
      Hypaque mixtures (Mono-Poly resolving medium (MPRM) and Histopaque 1.077) is
      described for the purification of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      from human blood. Like the original one-step Hypaque-Ficoll procedure (Ferrante
      and Thong, 1978), a single centrifugation at 500 X g for 30 min resulted in the
      formation of two distinct leukocyte fractions. In contrast to MPRM alone, the
      discontinuous system (MPRM-HP) was capable of resolving leukocyte fractions from
      blood volumes as small as 1 ml with excellent purity and yield. MPRM-HP was also
      compatible with a wider range of anticoagulants and permitted fractionation of
      specimens resistant to MPRM.

PMID- 3379318
TI  - Jejunal perforation by trichobezoar.

PMID- 3379319
TI  - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin.

PMID- 3379320
TI  - A conceptual framework for mass communication in community health.

PMID- 3379321
TI  - Amyloid nephropathy in ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 3379322
TI  - A study of treatment of pyoderma with injection benzathine penicillin.

PMID- 3379323
TI  - Lack of interferon production by dipyridamole.
AB  - Dipyridamole, previously reported to be an interferon (IFN) inducer in mice, was
      evaluated in 43 normal volunteers or cancer patients. At doses ranging from 150
      mg orally to 887 mg intravenously, no serum antiviral activity suggesting IFN
      induction was observed.

PMID- 3379325
TI  - [Subrenal capsule assay--host reaction and tumor size].

PMID- 3379324
TI  - Effects of intralesional injections of interferons-alpha on xenografts of human
      mammary carcinoma cells (BT20 and MCF-7).
AB  - The effects of intralesional injections of human natural and recombinant
      interferons-alpha (nIFN-alpha and rIFN-alpha A) were studied in nude mice bearing
      bilateral xenografts of human mammary carcinoma cells (BT 20, MCF-7). One tumor
      of each animal received intralesional injections, while the contralateral tumor
      was left undisturbed. Thus, the injected tumors were subjected to the local
      action of the IFNs whereas the opposite ones were exposed to the systemic effects
      of the IFNs seeping into the subcutaneous tissue following the intratumoral
      injection. When used singly these IFNs exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth
      of both injected and contralateral tumors, but failed to cause complete
      regression. Many of the cells of treated BT 20 xenografts showed significant
      morphological alterations (increased cell volume and nuclear pleomorphism) as
      compared to the untreated controls. Morphological alterations in MCF-7 tumors
      were difficult to assess because of the inherent pleomorphism of these cells. The
      immunoreactivity of BT 20 and MCF-7 tumors to monoclonal antibodies directed
      against milk fat globule proteins and against HLA antigens was not appreciably
      affected by treatment with these IFNs. This study confirms that intralesional
      injections of human IFNs-alpha partially inhibit the growth of human breast
      cancer xenografts, probably through a direct effect on the carcinoma cells. Under
      the present experimental conditions, the intralesional and the subcutaneous
      routes of administration appear to offer comparable antitumor effectiveness.

PMID- 3379327
TI  - [The effect of vibrio-cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) on the NK activity of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with cancer].

PMID- 3379326
TI  - [Imaging of tumor, liver and spleen with computed tomography (CT) using
      perfluoroctylbromide emulsion (PFOB)].

PMID- 3379328
TI  - [Large retroperitoneal liposarcoma--a case report].

PMID- 3379329
TI  - [Radiosensitizing effects of new 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside analogues (RK-28, RK
      29)].

PMID- 3379330
TI  - [An immunohistochemical approach for the radiosensitivity in carcinoma of the
      uterine cervix].

PMID- 3379331
TI  - [Clinical study on the effects of chemotherapy as treatment of renal cell
      carcinoma].

PMID- 3379332
TI  - [Radiotherapeutic results in primary lung cancer].

PMID- 3379333
TI  - [Long-term survival in inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 3379334
TI  - [New diagnostic method for the detection of non-palpable (T0) breast cancer].

PMID- 3379336
TI  - [Morphologic observations on preventional effect of fosfomycin to nephrotoxicity
      induced by cisplatin].

PMID- 3379337
TI  - [Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Part 1. Clinical
      studies of pharmacokinetics of platin and antitumor effects in the intra-arterial
      infusion of CDDP].

PMID- 3379335
TI  - [A case of recurrent breast cancer for which NSE was a useful tumor marker].

PMID- 3379338
TI  - [Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Part 2. Clinical
      evaluation of combined treatment with CDDP and irradiation].

PMID- 3379339
TI  - Identification of an apoC-II variant (apoC-IIBethesda) in a kindred with apoC-II
      deficiency and type I hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Apolipoprotein (apo) C-II deficiency is characterized by elevated plasma
      triglycerides, chylomicrons, and very low density lipoproteins, as well as
      reduced levels of low density and high density lipoproteins. A subject with apoC
      II deficiency has been identified with an apoC-II plasma level of less than 0.05
      mg/dl. The plasma apoC-II in the proband was immunochemically similar to apoC-II
      in normal subjects when analyzed by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, however the apoC
      II had an apparently lower molecular weight and higher pI when analyzed by two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis. This apoC-II variant, designated apoC
      IIBethesda, was not affected by neuraminidase treatment or reduction. Two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis of the plasma of the mother of the proband
      revealed both normal apoC-II and apoC-IIBethesda, whereas analysis of the father
      and two siblings revealed apoC-II of normal electrophoretic mobility. These
      results were interpreted as indicating that the proband was a compound
      heterozygote with one allele for apoC-IIBethesda inherited from the mother and an
      allele coding for an abnormality which results in the virtual or complete absence
      of plasma apoC-II from the father. This proband represents the first example of a
      compound heterozygote for an apolipoprotein defect associated with a
      dyslipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3379340
TI  - Comparison of the binding sites of GSH S-transferases of the Ya- and Yb-subunit
      classes: effect of glutathione on the binding of bile acids.
AB  - We have previously observed that the Ya subunit-containing glutathione (GSH) S
      transferases from rat liver exhibit a common high affinity binding site for
      lithocholic acid, bilirubin, and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) (1984. J. Lipid Res.
      25: 1177-1183). Subsequently we found that cholic acid and its amidates bound to
      a site on the Ya subunit separate for the lithocholic acid/bilirubin site (1986.
      J. Lipid Res. 27: 955-966). We now have extended this work by showing that
      amidates of lithocholic acid as well as chenodeoxycholic acid and its amidates
      competitively displace [14C]lithocholic acid from the Ya subunit. GSH did not
      inhibit binding of any of the ligands to the high affinity Ya site, but did
      inhibit binding to the cholic acid site on the Ya subunit. We have also defined
      the binding sites and effects of GSH on the Yb class of subunits. Lithocholic,
      chenodeoxycholic, and cholic acids (and amidates) shared a common site on the Yb
      or Y'b subunit, whereas BSP and bilirubin were bound at a different site. Both
      the bile acid and organic anion sites on the Yb subunit were inhibited by GSH.
      The inhibition by GSH in all cases (Ya cholic acid site or Yb bile acid or
      bilirubin sites) was saturable, of the competitive type, and incomplete at
      maximal GSH concentrations, suggesting that when GSH binds to its distinct
      substrate site, it induces a conformational change in the proteins affecting the
      other binding sites.

PMID- 3379341
TI  - Sterol carrier protein2-like activity in rat intestine.
AB  - A sterol carrier protein2 (SCP2)-like activity has been demonstrated in rat
      intestinal mucosal homogenates and in isolated intestinal cells from both crypt
      and villus zones. The results indicate the presence of a protein with similar
      molecular weight and antigenicity to that of authentic SCP2 purified from rat
      liver cytosol. Like liver SCP2, mucosal cytosol stimulates pregnenolone
      production in rat adrenal mitochondria and acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity of liver and mucosal microsomes. The distribution of
      SCP2-like activity as determined by radioimmunoassay indicates high levels in
      mitochondria and cytosol and relatively lower levels in microsomes and in brush
      border membranes. The widespread distribution of SCP2-like protein in the
      intestine is consistent with potential transfer functions in all phases of
      cholesterol processing.

PMID- 3379343
TI  - Cross-linking of apoproteins in high density lipoprotein by dimethylsuberimidate
      inhibits specific lipoprotein binding to membranes.
AB  - Apoprotein E-free high density lipoproteins (HDL) bind to various cells and cell
      membrane preparations with properties typical of ligand-receptor interactions.
      This specific binding can be inhibited by treatment of HDL with tetranitromethane
      (TNM). During treatment of HDL with TNM, in addition to the expected nitration of
      tyrosine residues, cross-linking of lipids to apoproteins and of apoproteins to
      each other occurs. We have recently shown that cross-linking of phospholipids to
      apoproteins is not responsible for the inhibition of binding (1987. Chacko, G.
      K., et al. J. Lipid Res. 28: 332-337). To determine the role of cross-linking of
      apoproteins to each other in the inhibition, we used the bifunctional reagent
      dimethylsuberimidate (DMS) to cross-link the apoproteins in HDL3. Over 80% of
      apoproteins in DMS-HDL3 were cross-linked, as analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. DMS-HDL3 was similar to control HDL3 in its lipid composition.
      Gel filtration chromatography did not reveal any significant difference in size
      between DMS-HDL3 and control HDL3. As determined by competitive binding with 125I
      labeled HDL3, DMS-HDL3 was almost completely unable to bind specifically to rat
      liver plasma membranes and human skin fibroblasts. It is concluded from these
      results that TNM inhibits the specific binding of HDL3 to membranes by a
      mechanism that involves cross-linking of apoproteins to each other in HDL3
      particles. This observation implies that the specific binding of HDL3 to cells
      may depend on the native quaternary structure of apoproteins in the HDL particle.
      Because of its reduced ability to bind to the specific binding sites, DMS-HDL3
      may be useful for studies related to the functional aspects of HDL binding sites.

PMID- 3379342
TI  - Role of apolipoproteins E and C in type V hyperlipoproteinemia.
AB  - Type V hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by elevations of chylomicron (CM)
      and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. The development of this
      lipid disorder involves a multitude of metabolic derangements including deficient
      clearance of triglycerides and/or their increased output aggravated by obesity,
      diabetes, alcohol intake, or use of some hormones. Some studies have suggested
      that the apolipoprotein E4 phenotype is involved in this dyslipoproteinemia but
      this concept is still a matter of controversy. Therefore, we determined the apoE
      phenotype in 21 patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia classified as type V.
      Their apoE4 gene frequency was 0.595 which is 2.6-fold higher (P less than 0.001)
      than that in the Finnish population. Correspondingly, their apoE3 gene frequency
      was lower than that in the normal population. No differences were noted in plasma
      lipoproteins of the apoE4 phenotypes and the other type V subjects. The
      apolipoprotein C-II and C-III distribution was similar to that in normolipidemic
      subjects. The results suggest that apoE4 may be involved in the development of
      type V hyperlipoproteinemia.

PMID- 3379344
TI  - Plasmalogen biosynthesis in peroxisomal disorders: fatty alcohol versus
      alkylglycerol precursors.
AB  - In recent years a growing number of inherited diseases have been recognized to
      originate from an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Since it is
      well established that the first two steps in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens
      proceed in peroxisomes, we studied the biosynthesis of plasmalogens in cultured
      skin fibroblasts from patients with different peroxisomal and related disorders.
      When de novo plasmalogen biosynthesis was studied by growing the cells in the
      presence of [14C]hexadecanol, impaired plasmalogen biosynthesis was found in
      rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, cerebrohepatorenal (Zellweger) syndrome,
      neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum disease. In all these cases,
      alkyl-acyl phospholipids, the precursors of plasmalogens, did not accumulate and
      1-O-[9,10-3H2]octadecylglycerol was converted into plasmalogens with equal
      efficiency as in controls. This indicated that impaired de novo plasmalogen
      biosynthesis as measured by [14C]hexadecanol incorporation was due to a deficient
      formation of the glycero-ether bond. Using this procedure, normal de novo
      plasmalogen biosynthesis was found in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy,
      adrenomyeloneuropathy, X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata, adult Refsum disease,
      as well as in heterozygotes for Zellweger syndrome and infantile Refsum disease.
      The data have indicated that the average extent of the deficiency in glycero
      ether bond formation is different in Zellweger syndrome, chondrodysplasia
      punctata, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum disease.

PMID- 3379345
TI  - Molecular and micellar associations in the pH-dependent stable and metastable
      dissolution of unconjugated bilirubin by bile salts.
AB  - Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is almost insoluble in water at neutral pH, but
      appears in normal human gallbladder bile at concentrations up to 35 microM. We
      therefore determined whether conjugated bile salts could increase the dissolved
      concentration [( Bt]) of UCB over the pH range 3.0-11.0. Using crystalline UCB,
      [Bt] was higher with less ordered crystals, with increasing pH and bile salt
      concentration, and with taurocholate (TC) micelles compared to
      taurodehydrocholate (TDHC) dimers. Plots of [Bt] verus pH from pH 3.0-9.3 fit the
      equation, [Bt] = A(1 + K'1/[H]+ + K'1.K'2/[H+]2), where A = [Bt] at pH less than
      4.0, and K'1 and K'2 are the two apparent ionization constants of UCB. Estimated
      pK'1 values in NaCl, TC, and TDHC were 6.8, 6.0, and 5.6, respectively; pK'2 was
      greater than or equal to 9.3 in each system. Acidification of disodium
      bilirubinate to pH less than 8.5 produced high, metastable [Bt] in 50 mM TC; this
      was absent in 0.15 M NaCl, and minor in 50 mM TDHC. In all solutions, maximum
      [Bt] of 60-65 mM was attained at pH greater than or equal to 10.5. This work
      helps explain the immense variation among reported [Bt] values, indicates that
      UCB monoanion predominates at the pH range of bile, and suggests that bile salt
      monomers, dimers, and micelles enhance the solubility of UCB in bile.

PMID- 3379346
TI  - Interactions of high density lipoproteins with very low and low density
      lipoproteins during lipolysis.
AB  - Interactions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) with very low (VLDL) and low
      (LDL) density lipoproteins were investigated during in vitro lipolysis in the
      presence of limited free fatty acid acceptor. Previous studies had shown that
      lipid products accumulating on lipoproteins under these conditions promote the
      formation of physical complexes between apolipoprotein B-containing particles
      (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1987. 919: 97-110). The presence of increasing
      concentrations of HDL or delipidated HDL progressively diminished VLDL-LDL
      complex formation. At the same time, association of HDL-derived apolipoprotein
      (apo) A-I with both VLDL and LDL could be demonstrated by autoradiography of
      gradient gel electrophoretic blots, immunoblotting, and apolipoprotein analyses
      of reisolated lipoproteins. The LDL increased in buoyancy and particle diameter,
      and became enriched in glycerides relative to cholesterol. Both HDL2 and HDL3
      increased in particle diameter, buoyancy, and relative glyceride content, and
      small amounts of apoA-I appeared in newly formed particles of less than 75 A
      diameter. Association of apoA-I with VLDL or LDL could be reproduced by addition
      of lipid extracts of lipolyzed VLDL or purified free fatty acids in the absence
      of lipolysis, and was progressively inhibited by the presence of increasing
      amounts of albumin. We conclude that lipolysis products promote multiple
      interactions at the surface of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins undergoing
      lipolysis, including physical complex formation with other lipoprotein particles
      and transfers of lipids and apolipoproteins. These processes may facilitate
      remodeling of lipoproteins in the course of their intravascular metabolism.

PMID- 3379347
TI  - Rapid quantitative apolipoprotein analysis by gradient ultracentrifugation and
      reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A new methodology for the analysis of lipoprotein composition using a combination
      of gradient ultracentrifugation and high performance liquid chromatography was
      used to determine the differences in lipoprotein composition between non
      hyperlipidemic men and women. Lipoproteins from each subject were separated into
      six subfractions: VLDL, IDL, LDL, and three subfractions of HDL by a single
      gradient ultracentrifugation spin of less than 5 hr. The HDL subfractions were
      designated HDL-L (the lightest density subfraction, rich in apoCs and poor in
      apoA-II), HDL-M (the middle subfraction, rich in apoA-II), and HDL-D (the most
      dense, relatively poor in both the apoCs and apoA-II). The concentrations of the
      water-soluble apolipoproteins in each subfraction were determined using reversed
      phase HPLC. The concentrations of apoB and the lipid components of the
      lipoproteins were determined by chemical and enzymatic methods. This methodology
      proved to be highly reproducible when performed on fresh plasma samples and we
      were able to identify many sex-associated differences in lipoprotein composition.
      This methodology is the only nonimmunological technique available for analyzing
      lipoprotein composition that offers such a combination of accuracy, speed, and
      completeness.

PMID- 3379348
TI  - A new micromethod for routine measurement of serum LDL-apolipoprotein B.
AB  - A new method for low density lipoprotein (LDL) (d 1.019-1.063 g/ml)
      apolipoprotein B (apoB) determination has been developed, based on the fact that
      very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins (VLDL and IDL) contain
      apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I), whereas this apolipoprotein is apparently absent in
      LDL. VLDL and IDL were quantitatively precipitated with a monospecific anti-apoC
      I antibody whereafter LDL-apoB in the supernatant was quantitated by Laurell
      rocket electrophoresis. Over a wide range of cholesterol and triglyceride values
      there was a linear correlation with LDL-apoB values measured after
      ultracentrifugation. The method would be useful for routine measurements,
      especially in children, since only 25 microliter of serum is required, and for
      making the diagnosis of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, which at present is
      complicated.

PMID- 3379349
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay for ovine trophoblast protein-1, the
      antiluteolytic protein from the sheep conceptus.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for quantitation of ovine trophoblast
      protein-1 (oTP-1), a sheep conceptus secretory protein which allows for
      maintenance of the corpus luteum during early pregnancy. The assay was validated
      for dialysed and undialysed culture medium and pregnant uterine flushings ranging
      from no dilution (neat) to dilutions of 1:2500 for dialysed media, 1:100-1:1000
      for undialysed media and 1:50-1:1000 for pregnant uterine flushings. The assay
      accurately measured oTP-1 added to undiluted and diluted dialysed and undialysed
      culture media and pregnant uterine flushings. No cross-reaction was detectable
      for bovine alpha or gamma interferon, bovine calmodulin, feline conceptus
      secretory proteins, equine conceptus secretory proteins, porcine conceptus
      secretory proteins, bovine conceptus secretory proteins and proteins in a uterine
      flushing collected from a non-pregnant ewe. Immunoreactivity in the assay matched
      that for oTP-1 throughout oTP-1 purification. This assay is the first validated
      assay which may be used to quantitate production of oTP-1 in culture or content
      of oTP-1 in uterine flushings.

PMID- 3379350
TI  - Inhibin: definition and nomenclature, including related substances.

PMID- 3379351
TI  - Purification, partial sequences and properties of chicken insulin-like growth
      factors.
AB  - Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II have been purified to homogeneity
      from chicken serum as a step towards the characterization of the roles for these
      peptides in the growth process. Chicken IGF-I had about half the efficacy of
      bovine/human IGF-I in a bioassay and in radioimmunoassays with bovine IGF-I as
      radioligand. Chicken IGF-II competed for the binding of bovine IGF-II to cell
      receptors while chicken IGF-I reacted minimally in this IGF-II radioreceptor
      assay. Further evidence of homology was obtained by N-terminal sequence analysis
      of the first 31 and 35 amino acids of chicken IGF-I and IGF-II respectively.
      Chicken IGF-I had the same N-terminal as human IGF-I, with the exception of the
      substitution of serine for asparagine at residue 26. Chicken IGF-II had a unique
      N-terminal tetrapeptide Tyr-Gly-Thr-Ala, but from residues 5-30 the sequence was
      identical to that reported for residues 6-31 of human IGF-II. Substitutions also
      occurred corresponding to residues 32, 33, 35 and 36 of human IGF-II. A variant
      form of chicken IGF-II that had the same N-terminal pentapeptide as human IGF-II
      was also detected.

PMID- 3379352
TI  - Plasma half-lives of native and modified insulin-like growth factor-I in lambs.
AB  - The clearance of labelled insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been measured
      in lambs following acid gel-permeation chromatography and immunoprecipitation of
      plasma samples. The half-lives obtained in three experiments were between 5 and
      7h. Chromatography at neutral pH on a Fractogel HW55(S) column demonstrated that
      all the radioactivity associated with undegraded peptide in plasma was bound to a
      carrier protein. Similar studies with IGF-I that had been reduced by prior
      dithiothreitol treatment showed that two-thirds of the initial radioactivity in
      plasma decayed with a much shorter half-life and represented material that did
      not bind to carrier proteins in plasma. The remaining radioactivity was both
      associated with a binding protein and exhibited the characteristically long half
      life of the native growth factor. Analysis of plasma samples using reversed-phase
      chromatography demonstrated that the radioactive component with a long half-life
      was IGF-I while that with a short half-life had been reoxidized to an incorrect
      form of the growth factor. When reoxidation of reduced IGF-I was blocked by S
      carboxymethylation before injection of the radioactive peptide into lambs, it
      remained unbound in plasma and had a 0.8-0.9 h half-life. We suggest that reduced
      IGF-I only associates with the binding protein upon oxidation and correct folding
      and that this association is necessary in order for IGF-I to have a relatively
      long half-life.

PMID- 3379353
TI  - Steroid sequestration within the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa.
AB  - Accumulated data from in-vitro experiments have suggested that 18-hydroxysteroids
      may be stored within the intact rat adrenal zona glomerulosa. The phenomenon was
      further investigated by comparing the amount of steroid remaining in the zona
      glomerulosa tissue with that secreted into the media during incubation in vitro.
      The results showed that 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and 18
      hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B) were retained within the tissue against a
      considerable concentration gradient, with smaller amounts of aldosterone and
      corticosterone. Lysis of the intact zona glomerulosa, by preincubation in
      distilled water, yielded an enriched plasma membrane preparation. After
      subsequent incubation in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate this preparation contained
      significantly more 18-OH-DOC than did the intact tissue, suggesting that tissue
      sequestered 18-OH-DOC is normally metabolized to other products. These may
      include 18-OH-B and aldosterone. Fractionation of homogenized intact zona
      glomerulosa and the enriched plasma membrane preparation by density gradient
      centrifugation showed that tissue 18-OH-DOC banded in fractions of density 1.063
      1.21 g/ml and that its distribution was highly correlated with protein.
      Corticosterone, 18-OH-B and aldosterone banded like added free [3H]18-OH-DOC in
      fractions of density less than 1.006 g/ml. The results suggest that 18-OH-DOC is
      the major sequestered steroid within the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa and that
      this sequestration is attributable to the association of 18-OH-DOC with a high
      density component of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3379354
TI  - Osmoregulation in rats with long-term enhanced cerebrospinal fluid levels of
      vasopressin or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.
AB  - The cerebrospinal fluid level of arginine vasopressin (AVP) or vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was enhanced chronically by implantation of a device
      for controlled drug delivery in the lateral ventricle of the rat. Urine
      production, water consumption, urine osmolality as well as urinary AVP excretion
      were then measured for a period of 26 days. During this period the rats were
      studied under normal hydration and under conditions of osmotic stress induced by
      water deprivation (2 days) and the drinking of 2% (w/v) NaCl (6 days), in order
      to see whether the capacity of central systems to react adequately to osmotic
      stimuli was affected by high central peptide levels. Immediately after the
      central AVP treatment was started, a temporary increase was found in urinary AVP
      levels which was not accompanied by a change in any of the other parameters but
      which decreased again to control levels within 10 days. After this burst of AVP
      excretion, AVP-treated rats showed a tendency during periods of normal hydration
      for a lower urine osmolality, combined with a higher water intake and urine
      production without changes in urinary AVP excretion. Since there was no clear-cut
      correlation between urinary AVP excretion and body water turnover, this could
      still indicate a slowly acquired and slight inhibition of pituitary AVP release
      by long-term centrally administered AVP. However, the capacity of these rats to
      respond to osmotic stimuli was not different from the controls. In the VIP
      treated rats a slight but significant reduction in urine production was found in
      all three periods of normal hydration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379355
TI  - Aldosterone secretion and adrenal angiotensin II receptors in the Brattleboro
      rat.
AB  - The basal secretion of aldosterone, measured in adrenal venous blood, was three-
      to fourfold lower in Brattleboro than in Long-Evans rats used as controls.
      Infusion of a low dose of angiotensin II (1 ng/min per 100 g body/wt) to Long
      Evans rats caused a fourfold increase in aldosterone release but neither the low
      dose nor a tenfold higher dose changed the rate of release in Brattleboro rats.
      Only a very high dose (300 ng/min per 100 g body wt) succeeded in increasing the
      secretion of aldosterone in Brattleboro rats but throughout the time-course of
      the infusion, secretion remained about fivefold lower than in Long-Evans rats and
      the incremental response was reduced by 74.9%. Adrenal zona glomerulosa
      angiotensin II receptor sites had similar affinity and maximum binding capacity
      in the two groups of rats. It is suggested that the reduced corticosteroidogenic
      capacity of the adrenal cortex of Brattleboro rats results from an impairment of
      the post-receptor mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of aldosterone.

PMID- 3379356
TI  - Induction of LH hypersecretion in cyclic rats during the afternoon of oestrus by
      oestrogen in conjunction with progesterone antagonism or opioidergic blockade.
AB  - The pro-oestrous secretion of progesterone that follows the LH surge in the rat
      limits the expression of the daily signal for LH surge initiation until the
      following oestrous cycle. This study explored the role of endogenous opioid
      peptides in the extinction by progesterone of the signal for the LH surge induced
      by oestrogen. Intact cyclic rats underwent external jugular venous cannulation on
      dioestrus, and were allowed to elicit a spontaneous pro-oestrous LH surge. On the
      afternoon of pro-oestrus, rats received an s.c. injection of oestradiol and an
      s.c. injection of either oil, 17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)17
      alpha-(prop-1-ynyl)oestra-4,9,dien-3-one (RU 486; a synthetic anti-progestin), or
      N-cyclopropylmethyl-6-desoxy-6-methylene-noroxy-morphone (nalmefene; a long
      acting opiate antagonist). Repeat doses of each were administered on the morning
      of oestrus to maintain increased oestrogen levels, and either progesterone or
      opioidergic blockade. Plasma was obtained from 13.00 to 19.00 h on oestrus for
      determination of the concentration of rat LH. Rats treated with oestradiol alone
      demonstrated consistently low concentrations of LH throughout the afternoon of
      oestrus. Rats treated with both oestradiol and either RU 486 or nalmefene
      demonstrated spontaneous augmentations of rat LH concentration during the
      afternoon of oestrus, which, although of diminished amplitude as compared with
      that seen in pro-oestrus, were consistent with a reactivation of the LH surge
      generating mechanism. Rats treated with nalmefene in the absence of oestradiol
      were unable to augment LH secretion spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3379357
TI  - Effects of treatment with the opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone on LH
      secretion and on sexual maturation in immature female rats.
AB  - The effects on sexual maturation of the opioid receptor antagonists naloxone and
      naltrexone were studied in the female rat. Neonatal treatment (days 1-10) with
      either naloxone (2.5 mg/kg at 6-h intervals) or naltrexone (20 or 50 mg/kg per
      day) did not advance sexual maturation as judged by age and body weight at
      vaginal opening and first ovulation. After treatment with naltrexone (20 mg/kg)
      first ovulation occurred 2.3 days earlier than in saline-treated control rats but
      this could be attributed to a growth-stimulating effect of naltrexone; the effect
      was not observed with 50 mg/kg. An effect of neonatal treatment with naloxone on
      serum LH levels was seen at 23 days of age (155 +/- 36 (S.E.M.) vs 14 +/- 4
      micrograms LH/l in controls, P less than 0.01), but not at 29 or 33 days of age,
      at 2 days before first ovulation nor at first pro-oestrus. There were no
      differences in the number of ova released at first oestrus, nor in the length of
      the first cycle. Neonatal treatment with naltrexone (50 mg/kg per day) did not
      alter the response to treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin at 28-31 days
      of age: ovulation of a mean of 7.3 ova was induced on day 32 in both naltrexone-
      and saline-treated rats. Naltrexone treatment (four daily injections of 20 mg/kg
      at 2-h intervals) at 28-32 days of age advanced first ovulation by 4.4 days in
      about 40% of the rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379358
TI  - Evidence for a novel parathyroid hormone-related protein in fetal lamb
      parathyroid glands and sheep placenta: comparisons with a similar protein
      implicated in humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy.
AB  - Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-like bioactivity, assayed as adenylate cyclase response
      in UMR 106-01 osteogenic sarcoma cells, was present in extracts of sheep fetal
      and maternal parathyroid glands and placenta. Preincubation of extracts with
      PTH(1-34) antiserum inhibited approximately 40% of the bioactivity in fetal
      parathyroid extracts, 50% in maternal parathyroid extracts, but only 10% of the
      bioactivity in the placental extract. Partial purification of placental extracts
      by chromatography yielded fractions containing PTH-like bioactivity which were
      similar in behaviour to that of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) from a human lung
      cancer cell line (BEN). An antiserum against synthetic PTHrP(1-16) partially
      inhibited the bioactivity of the placental extract and synthetic PTHrP(1-34), but
      had no effect on the bioactivity of bovine PTH(1-34) or bovine PTH(1-84). The
      placental PTH-like bioactivity was higher in mid- than in late gestation. Fetal
      parathyroid glands contained the highest PTH-like bioactivity.
      Thyroparathyroidectomy of one fetal twin lamb in each of 16 ewes between 110 and
      125 days of gestation resulted in decreases of the plasma calcium concentration
      and reversal of the placental calcium gradient that existed between the ewe and
      the intact fetus. Perfusion of the placenta of each twin in anaesthetized ewes
      was carried out sequentially with autologous fetal blood in the absence of the
      exsanguinated fetus. The plasma calcium concentration in the blood perfusing the
      placenta of each twin increased, but reached a plateau at a lower concentration
      in the perfusing blood of thyroparathyroidectomized fetuses than in that of the
      intact fetuses. Addition of extracts of fetal parathyroid glands or of partially
      purified PTHrP resulted in further increases in plasma calcium in the autologous
      blood perfusing the placentae of thyroparathyroidectomized fetuses, but addition
      of bovine PTH(1-84) or rat PTH(1-34) had no effect. The presence of this PTH-like
      protein in the fetal parathyroid gland and placenta may contribute to the
      relative hypercalcaemia of the fetal lamb. This protein, which is similar to
      PTHrP associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, stimulates the
      placental calcium pump responsible for maintaining a relative fetal
      hypercalcaemia during gestation.

PMID- 3379359
TI  - Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol by human endometrium: modulating effects of
      steroids on arachidonic acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol release.
AB  - Phospholipase C and 1,2-diacylglycerol lipase activities were demonstrated in
      human endometrium using 1-stearoyl-2-[1-14C]arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol as
      substrate. Phosphatidylinositol is hydrolysed by phospholipase C to inositol
      phosphates and to 1,2-diacylglycerol which is then further metabolized by 1,2
      diacylglycerol lipase to release free arachidonic acid. In the present study the
      radiolabelled products formed (1,2-diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid) were
      measured following chloroform/methanol extraction and thin-layer chromatography.
      Phospholipase C activity was calcium dependent and optimal at pH 5.0-5.5 and 7.5;
      1,2-diacylglycerol lipase activity was also calcium dependent, with an optimum pH
      of 5.5. A significant increase in 1,2-diacylglycerol production was stimulated by
      steroid sulphates. Pregnenolone sulphate, oestrone sulphate, testosterone
      sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate stimulated 4, 3.2-, 1.8- and 2.6
      fold increases in release respectively. Oestradiol sulphate stimulated a 25%
      increase in diacylglycerol release which was not significantly different from the
      control value. Progesterone stimulated a fourfold increase but other free
      steroids had no effect. Arachidonic acid release was increased in the presence of
      oestradiol sulphate, oestrone and oestradiol but reduced by oestrone sulphate,
      dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and, to a
      lesser extent, by pregnenolone sulphate and testosterone sulphate. 5-Androstene-3
      beta,17 beta-diol had no effect on the liberation of either product. This study
      demonstrates a potential route for the liberation of arachidonic acid from
      phosphatidylinositol in human endometrium. The opposing effects of steroids on
      phospholipase C and 1,2-diacylglycerol lipase activity could be important in
      regulating the release of arachidonic acid by this pathway.

PMID- 3379360
TI  - Nicotine chewing gum and smoking cessation.

PMID- 3379361
TI  - Community-based family practice residency and HMO.

PMID- 3379362
TI  - Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 3379363
TI  - Managing the patient with possible acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3379364
TI  - Retinoblastoma and a family in crisis.

PMID- 3379365
TI  - The incidence of Legionella pneumophila as the cause of acute ambulatory lower
      respiratory tract infection.
AB  - Seventy-nine ambulatory patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection
      were evaluated for Legionella pneumophila by acute and convalescent antibody
      titers. None of the patients met the traditional criteria for the diagnosis of
      acute infection caused by Legionella pneumophila. Currently accepted criteria for
      diagnosing legionellosis by serologic means may or may not be applicable to mild
      respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 3379366
TI  - Improved endocervical cell yield with Cytobrush.
AB  - A prospective study of 402 Papanicolaou smears was done comparing the
      effectiveness of three techniques in obtaining endocervical cells. The Zelsmyr
      Cytobrush cell collector yielded the greatest concentration of endocervical
      cells. More than one half (53.6 percent) of all cell samples obtained with the
      Zelsmyr Cytobrush produced "moderate" or "large" concentrations. The extended-tip
      spatula and cotton-tip swab techniques produced only 38.5 percent and 24.2
      percent, respectively, in these categories. The Zelsmyr Cytobrush cell collector
      is an effective instrument, yielding increased numbers of endocervical cells on
      Papanicolaou smear.

PMID- 3379367
TI  - Communicating information to patients. Patient satisfaction and adherence as
      associated with resident skill.
AB  - A study investigated the degree to which residents' communication of specific
      information about medications and follow-up appointments had an impact on patient
      recall, satisfaction, and adherence. Twenty-nine interactions between patients
      and residents were taped and analyzed by two trained observers. Patients were
      interviewed immediately after their interactions with residents to assess their
      ability to recall instructions and to assess their levels of satisfaction with
      the visit. Patients' overall global satisfaction with their interactions was
      highly correlated with their ratings of resident information giving (Pearson r =
      .90, P less than .001). Patients who expressed higher levels of satisfaction also
      had higher recall rates (Pearson r = .39, P less than .01), although overall
      patient recall rate was only slightly above 50 percent. Observers' analysis of
      residents giving information reveals a mean performance rating of 40 percent.
      Only 31 percent of patients returned for their follow-up appointments. The study
      suggests that information itself may not be so important in determining patient
      satisfaction as are patients' perceptions that physicians attempt to give them
      information. Such information may, however, have greater impact on patient
      adherence with physician recommendations.

PMID- 3379368
TI  - Absenteeism certification: the physician's role.
AB  - Two hundred five family physicians and 135 personnel managers were surveyed to
      determine the physician's role in certifying absenteeism. Fifty-four percent of
      the managers returned the questionnaire and indicated that the physician's
      certificate reduced absenteeism. Even though they expressed dissatisfaction with
      the certificate's content, the personnel managers usually did not request
      additional information. Sixty-six percent of the physicians returned
      questionnaires, with 80 percent reporting one or more requests for certification
      per week, and 41 percent feeling pressured to write unwarranted excuses. The
      primary factor the physicians considered when writing an excuse was whether the
      illness could be verified. Requests for excuses when conditions lacked objective
      findings produced physician feelings of reluctance, of suspicion, and of being
      manipulated.

PMID- 3379371
TI  - Certification of added qualification in geriatrics: the academic perspective.

PMID- 3379370
TI  - Coffee and hypokalemia.

PMID- 3379369
TI  - Should cholesterol-lowering drugs be used routinely to treat moderate
      hypercholesterolemia in patients with serum cholesterol levels of 6.20 to 6.85
      mmol/L (240 to 265 mg/dL). An affirmative view.

PMID- 3379372
TI  - [Spermatozoa karyotyping and meiotic segregation: a study of 4 reciprocal
      translocations].
AB  - Sperm cytogenetics was carried out using technique of in vitro heterospecific
      human-hamster fertilization. Sperm of 4 men heterozygous from 4 reciprocal
      translocations (t(4; 17), t(5; 13), t(6; 7) and t(9; 18] was studied.
      Segregations were various but a majority of unbalanced complements resulting from
      adjacent 1 segregations was observed. This prevalence was stronger when the
      pachytene diagram predisposed the translocation to this mode of imbalance at
      term.

PMID- 3379373
TI  - [Improvement of a chromosomal technic for trophoblast biopsy. Apropos of 200
      cases].
AB  - The authors report their experience of 200 cases of prenatal diagnosis by biopsy
      of chorionic villi. Because they could not consistently obtain good quality
      chromosome banding, they propose a modification of the conventional direct
      method. The addition of methanol in sufficient proportions to the nuclear
      suspension makes it possible to obtain spontaneous spreading on slides heated to
      65 degrees C and eliminates the problems of mechanical spreading.

PMID- 3379374
TI  - [Chromosome X-linked mental retardation and marfanoid syndrome].
AB  - In the present paper we report two pairs of slightly to moderately mentally
      retarded brothers with Marfanoid habitus and similar craniofacial changes. They
      had a long and narrow face, small mandible, high-arched palate and hypernasal
      voice, as previously reported by Lujan et al. (1984) in 4 mentally retarded males
      of a large kindred. The present data suggest the existence of a specific type of
      X-linked mental retardation with Marfanoid habitus.

PMID- 3379375
TI  - [Genetic counseling in balanced chromosomal inversions].
AB  - The genetic counseling given at carriers of equilibrated chromosomal inversions
      is in relation with the type of the inversion. The risk for carriers of
      pericentric inversions concerning euchromatic regions depends on many factors,
      i.e. the length of the inserted segment in relation with the total length of the
      chromosome involved, the sex of the carrier and the way of assortment. In
      contrast, the carriers of pericentric inversions concerning the heterochromatic
      regions, as well as of paracentric inversions, have not a particular risk for
      their descendance.

PMID- 3379376
TI  - [Genetic counseling in reciprocal translocations].
AB  - Segregation modes of human reciprocal translocations are briefly described. Risk
      figures and mode of imbalance at term differ greatly from one translocation to
      another. The causes of these variations are analysed and a genetic counselling
      proposed for each case.

PMID- 3379377
TI  - [Balanced chromosome abnormalities with abnormal phenotype].
AB  - In this report we summarized our experience (1970-1986) on autosomal reciprocal
      translocations with particular interest towards the possible excess of mental
      retardation and congenital malformations in carriers of apparently balanced
      chromosomal rearrangements. The present data confirm the previous findings that
      the association of MR/MCA and apparently balanced autosomal chromosomal
      rearrangements is much higher than expected by chance.

PMID- 3379378
TI  - [Balanced chromosome rearrangements with abnormal phenotype].
AB  - 27 cases in which apparent balanced chromosomal rearrangements (reciprocal and
      translocations and pericentric inversions) are associated with phenotypic
      abnormalities are reported and compared with the previous published cases. Almost
      all patients display mental retardation and a non specific dysmorphism. Genetic
      counseling is different whether the abnormality is inherited or de novo. When an
      unexpected structural rearrangements is found in fetal cells, the attitude
      depends on the results of the parent's chromosomal study.

PMID- 3379379
TI  - [Structural chromosomal rearrangements in couples with repeated miscarriages.
      Experience in Louvain].
AB  - In this paper we report our experience in the cytogenetic study of 1555 couples
      with recurrent first trimester fetal wastage. The frequency of chromosomal
      anomalies was found to be 6.36%, the majority of then (greater than 50%) being
      autosomal reciprocal translocations.

PMID- 3379380
TI  - [t(Y; 15) translocation in a fertile male, detected at the time of
      amniocentesis].
AB  - Cytogenetic studies on a phenotypically normal fertile male revealed an
      unbalanced Y; 15 translocation. His wife referred for a prenatal diagnosis
      because of maternal age. The foetus was male and carried the same translocation.

PMID- 3379381
TI  - [Y chromosome rearrangement and phenotypical consequences].

PMID- 3379382
TI  - [A difficult cytogenetic diagnosis of 4p monosomy].
AB  - Monosomy 4p is rare; cytogenetic diagnosis is difficult when it is not oriented
      by clinical signs such as severe hypotonia, profound encephalopathy and
      dysmorphism ("casque de guerrier grec"). Parenteral karyotype is indispensable in
      case of translocation.

PMID- 3379383
TI  - [Double translocation 46, XX, t(2; 5), t(2; 18) with major reproduction
      problems].
AB  - We report a de novo double reciprocal translocation, involving three chromosomes
      in a 25 year-old female patient, who has had twelve miscarriages.

PMID- 3379384
TI  - [Translocation (X; Y) and genetic counseling].
AB  - A t(X; Y) was discovered in 32 year-old female patient who has had three
      consecutive miscarriages. Molecular analysis of the loci DXS 31 and DYS 22 was
      performed which confirmed and precise the breakpoints at Xp22.3 and Yq11. Genetic
      counselling was based upon the accurate definition of the chromosome
      rearrangement and the analysis of the outcomes of similar published observations.

PMID- 3379385
TI  - Characterization of agonist and antagonist binding to muscarinic cholinergic
      receptors solubilized from rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was solubilized from rat brain cortex by
      the zwitter-ionic detergent, 3-[3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino)-1-propane
      sulfonate (CHAPS). The supernatant, after centrifugation at 100,000 x g, was
      shown to contain molecules with binding sites for both 3H-pirenzepine (3H-PZ) and
      3H-(-) quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB). Maximum binding values for 3H-PZ and 3H
      QNB binding to solubilized receptors were approximately 176 +/- 24 pmol/g and 370
      +/- 53 pmol/g of protein, respectively. The Kd values for 3H-PZ and 3H-QNB
      binding to solubilized receptors were 27 +/- 6.3 nM and 0.17 +/- 0.03 nM,
      respectively. The rank order of potencies of muscarinic drugs, in terms of their
      ability to inhibit binding of either 3H-PZ or 3H-QNB, was atropine greater than
      pirenzepine greater than oxotremorine greater than carabachol. Pirenzepine
      inhibited 3H-QNB binding with a Hill coefficient of 0.77, but inhibited 3H-PZ
      with a Hill coefficient of 0.94. Hill coefficients for agonists were less than 1.
      These findings indicate that muscarinic receptors solubilized from rat brain
      cortex retain their abilities to interact selectively with muscarinic receptor
      agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 3379386
TI  - Light transducer for the biological clock: a function for rapid eye movements.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that the rapid eye movements (REMs) of paradoxical sleep
      (PS) transmit information about environmental light: dark cycles, spontaneous
      locomotor patterns were studied in rats following surgical disconnection of the
      extraocular muscles and thus deprived only of the eye movement component of REM
      sleep. Entrainment of the circadian spontaneous activity cycle to the light: dark
      cycle was abolished after sectioning the extra-ocular muscles of rats, but not in
      sham-operated controls. Endogenous (free running) circadian patterns of
      spontaneous activity were preserved in the operated animals. The results are
      consistent with our electrophysiologic studies showing that REMs induce light
      modulated electrical potentials in brain regions that influence circadian rhythms
      of activity.

PMID- 3379387
TI  - The ontogeny of pineal and serum melatonin in male rats at mid-light and mid
      dark.
AB  - The levels of pineal and serum melatonin at mid-light and mid-dark of male rats
      under a photoperiod of 12h light:12 h darkness with age ranging from day 1 to day
      42 postpartum were determined. At mid-dark, pineal melatonin levels were found to
      increase with age; when the body weight was considered, an early developmental
      rise (1-to-9-day old), an active period (11- to 17-day old), and a period of
      lower levels (after 21-day-old) were noted. Serum melatonin levels at mid-dark
      showed similar changes to the latter. At mid-light, this pattern of change was
      also present in pineal melatonin contents relative to body weight but was absent
      in serum melatonin levels. Our study indicated that weaning was not responsible
      for the pre-pubertal decline in pineal melatonin secretion. It was suggested that
      these changes in the secretory pattern of pineal melatonin may play a role in the
      development of the reproductive system in rats.

PMID- 3379388
TI  - Is monoamine oxidase inhibitor induced myoclonus serotoninergically mediated?
AB  - In the present study a single case observation of myoclonus during sleep-wave
      transition was monitored in a depressed patient treated with the monoamine
      oxidase inhibitor, phenelzine. The myoclonus had a rhythm of 1 c/second and
      lasted for two years, the duration of phenelzine treatment. Myoclonus appeared
      neither during wakefulness nor during sleep, but at wake-sleep-wake transitions.
      This "switch" myoclonus was associated with phasic muscle hyperactivity during
      REM sleep. Methysergide a 5-HT suppressor, decreased the switch myoclonus
      frequency and the REM muscle hyperactivity, indicating serotoninergic involvement
      in the mechanism of phenelzine induced myoclonus.

PMID- 3379389
TI  - Synapse elimination occurs late in the hormone-sensitive levator ani muscle of
      the rat.
AB  - Using tetranitroblue tetrazolium (TNBT) to stain neuromuscular synapses, we
      compared the development of the adult pattern of innervation in two fast-twitch
      muscles in the rat: the androgen-sensitive levator ani (LA) and the extensor
      digitorum longus (EDL), which is not thought to be androgen sensitive. We found
      that about 18% of adult LA muscle fibers, but only about 2% of adult EDL fibers,
      are multiply innervated. Moreover, synapse elimination occurs substantially later
      in the LA compared with the EDL. At 2 weeks after birth, the EDL is already
      predominantly singly innervated, whereas the LA is still predominantly multiply
      innervated. The apparent delay in the normal time course of synapse elimination
      in the LA corresponds to a similar delay in other aspects of neuromuscular
      development (the time course of appearance of axonal retraction bulbs, the growth
      of fibers, and the development of adult motor terminal morphology). Finally,
      motor terminals change during synapse elimination from morphologies resembling
      growth cones to the adult form of neuromuscular synapses. Because the period of
      synapse elimination is significantly different for muscles that differ in their
      androgen sensitivity, hormonal sensitivity may represent an important property of
      motoneurons or muscle fibers influencing the normal time course of neuromuscular
      synapse elimination in rats. Thus, androgen might regulate the normal ontogenetic
      process of synapse elimination.

PMID- 3379390
TI  - Axillo-subclavian deep venous thrombosis in quadriplegia: a case report.
AB  - In a patient with traumatic neuropathy at C6, a delayed DVT was observed in the
      left axillary-subclavian veins with consequent neurological symptoms, loss of
      brachioradialis and wrist extensor functions. Anticoagulation therapy for 12
      weeks did not correct the occlusion of the veins. It is stressed that
      anticoagulation treatment should be started as early as possible, preferably
      within a few days after development of the DVT.

PMID- 3379391
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in paraplegic and quadriplegic patients.

PMID- 3379392
TI  - The detection of mercury, lead, and methylmercury binding sites on lysozyme by
      carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts of the carboxylate groups.
AB  - The chemical shift changes observed in the carbon-13 NMR spectra of the
      carboxylate region in conjunction with previous fluorescence data indicate that
      mercury and lead bind to both disulfide bridge 64-80 and to Asp-52 in hen egg
      white lysozyme. Methylmercury appears to bind primarily to the disulfide linkage.
      The carbon-13 NMR results support previous investigations by halide ion NMR and x
      ray crystallography. The combined information from all of these techniques is
      useful for providing a clearer description of heavy metal binding to proteins.

PMID- 3379393
TI  - Synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity of iron(II) and iron(III)
      complexes of alpha-N-heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones.
AB  - Complexes of iron(II) and iron(III) with 1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone
      (1-iqtsc-H), 4-methyl-5-amino-1-formylisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (4-Me-5-NH2
      1-iqtsc-H) and 4-(m-aminophenyl)-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (4-m-NH2ph-2
      pytsc-H) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, conductance
      measurements, magnetic susceptibilities (from room temperature down to liquid N2
      temperature), and Mossbauer, electronic, and infrared spectral studies. On the
      basis of these studies, a highly distorted, high-spin, five-coordinate structure
      for Fe(HL)SO4 (HL = 1-iqtsc-H, 4-Me-5-NH2-1-iqtsc-H or 4-m-NH2ph-2-pytsc-H) and a
      distorted, low-spin, octahedral structure for Fe(HL)Cl2 are suggested. The EPR
      spectra of iron(III) complexes show that all have dxy low-spin ground state. All
      these complexes have been screened for their antitumor activity against the P 388
      lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice and have been found to possess
      significant activity at the dosages employed.

PMID- 3379394
TI  - Reactions of dysprosium with adenine nucleotides.
AB  - Dysprosium catalyzes a rapid hydrolysis of both ATP and ADP, at ambient
      temperatures, pH 7.0, where no hydroxide precipitates. The reactive complexes, at
      pH 6.7, were found to contain 2Dy:1ATP and 3Dy:2ADP. AMP forms an insoluble
      complex containing 1Dy:2AMP, which does not hydrolyze. ATP also forms a soluble
      1Dy:1ATP complex, which does not react. Dysprosium only catalyzes the hydrolysis
      of ATP above pH 5.8, where it has been titrated to the hydroxide. At the optimum
      pH (pH 7) the stoichiometric composition is Dy2.ATP.(OH)2, indicating that the
      active complex is neutral, whereas at pH 5.8 the stoichiometric composition is
      Dy2.ATP.(OH)+, indicating an inactive cationic complex. The mechanism proposed
      for the hydrolysis is consistent with those proposed for other in vitro systems
      known to catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP.

PMID- 3379395
TI  - Studies on the uptake and subsequent tissue distribution of [35S]trithiomolybdate
      in rats: effects on metallothionein copper in liver, kidney, and intestine.
AB  - [35S]trithiomolybdate (20 micrograms Mo) was readily absorbed from intestinal
      sacs in anesthetized rats, and radioactivity was subsequently detectable in all
      the subcellular fractions examined in the organs sampled. The compound was bound
      reversibly to proteins in patterns similar to those observed in liver in cattle
      and sheep. Absorption was depressed by the presence of copper in the sacs. At
      higher levels of trithiomolybdate (1 mg Mo per rat), the characteristic copper
      peak of metallothionein disappeared from the liver, kidney, and intestine cytosol
      fractions in most animals, while the concentration of copper in plasma increased
      by about 50%. It is suggested that the changes in copper distribution are
      relevant to the clinical syndromes produced by increased dietary Mo in ruminants.

PMID- 3379396
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase activity and chemical forms of selenium in tissues of rats
      given selenite or selenomethionine.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and deposition of selenium (Se) were
      examined in tissues of rats given dietary Se for 7 wk as either selenite or
      selenomethionine (SeMet) with 75Se radiotracer of the same chemical form. On the
      basis of Se:75Se ratio, all tissues of the rats fed selenite were equilibrated
      with the dietary source, but tissues of the SeMet fed animals maintained a ratio
      of Se:75Se greater than the dietary ratio. Deposition of dietary Se and 75Se was
      higher in most tissues of rats fed SeMet. Muscle 75Se was the largest single
      tissue pool of 75Se in both groups accounting for one-third of recovered 75Se in
      the rats fed selenite, and one-half of recovered 75Se in the rats fed SeMet.
      Tissue GPx activities were not different between the two dietary groups. The
      proportion of Se as GPx in tissues was highest in erythrocytes of the rats fed
      selenite (.81) and lowest in testes and epididymides of the rats fed SeMet
      (.009). The proportion of Se present in cytosolic GPx was consistently higher in
      tissues of rats fed selenite. Erythrocytes of the rats fed SeMet had more 75Se
      associated with hemoglobin, and muscle cytosols of the rats fed selenite had more
      75Se associated with the G-protein. The proportion of 75Se as SeMet determined by
      ion exchange chromatography of tissue hydrolysates was higher in tissues of rats
      fed SeMet (highest in muscle and hemoglobin, 70%, and lowest in testes, 16%). In
      contrast, selenocysteine was the predominant form of Se present in tissues of
      rats given selenite. These results indicate that the form of Se administered will
      influence the form in the tissues, the percentage of Se with GPx and the body
      burden of Se.

PMID- 3379397
TI  - Ciliary neuronotrophic factor stimulates choline acetyltransferase activity in
      cultured chicken retina neurons.
AB  - It has been demonstrated that cultured cholinergic retinal neurons from 8-day-old
      chicken embryos respond to a polypeptide factor present in retinal cell
      conditioned medium (RCM) and in retinal extracts. Compared with control cultures,
      the activity of acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6; ChAT) is
      enhanced more than twofold in neuronal retinal cultures grown for 7 days in the
      presence of RCM. The present study demonstrates that both ciliary neuronotrophic
      factor (CNTF), which is characterized by its trophic activity on parasympathetic
      ciliary neurons, and RCM exhibit identical stimulatory effects on ChAT activity
      in retinal monolayer cultures. Similarly, RCM supports the in vitro survival of
      ciliary neurons to the same extent as CNTF. The active species in RCM has a
      molecular weight (20,900 +/- 1,000) identical to that of CNTF, as determined by
      preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that
      cholinergic retinal neurons represent a central neuronal target for CNTF or a
      closely related protein.

PMID- 3379398
TI  - Regional changes in the cellular level of adenine nucleotides in ischemic rat
      brain subjected to single embolization.
AB  - Regional changes in adenine nucleotides in the rat brain were studied after 1 h
      of ischemia produced by the embolization method. The animals were divided into
      three groups according to neurological symptoms: sham-operation group, group A
      (hemiparesis only), and group B (hemiparesis with unconsciousness). Marked ATP
      depletion was detected in the hippocampus on the embolized side and extended to
      the other regions on the same side in group B. The results suggest that this
      damage in regional energy metabolism arises from regional reduction in blood flow
      and/or tissue vulnerability. ATP levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and
      striatum on the opposite side of embolization decreased markedly in group B, and
      may be caused by extension of brain edema or diaschisis.

PMID- 3379400
TI  - Brain levels of NADH and NAD+ under hypoxic and hypoglycaemic conditions in
      vitro.
AB  - The effects of hypoxia and hypoglycaemia on the redox state in vitro have been
      studied. NADH and NAD+ were extracted simultaneously from superfused cerebral
      cortex slices and assayed by bioluminescence. The results show a nonsignificant
      increase in NADH and the redox ratio in "mild hypoxia," whereas "severe hypoxia"
      produced an increase of over 200% in NADH and in the NADH/NAD+ ratio. When the
      glucose in the incubation medium was reduced from its control value of 10 mM to
      0.5 mM, significant decreases in NADH and the redox ratio to 60% of control value
      were observed. Further decreasing the glucose to 0.2 mM gave lower levels of NADH
      and the redox ratio (40% of control). The effects on the redox state of
      alternative substrates to glucose were also tested. Replacement of glucose by 10
      mM pyruvate decreased the NADH by 77% and the NADH/NAD+ ratio by 79%. Replacement
      of glucose with 10 mM lactate gave decreases of 70% and 71%, respectively,
      whereas in the presence of 15 mM 2-deoxyglucose and 5 mM glucose, the NADH was
      decreased by 56% and the ratio by 50%. The results are discussed in relation to
      levels of creatine phosphate and ATP, as well as evoked action potentials,
      observed from parallel studies.

PMID- 3379399
TI  - High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rabbit brain: regional
      metabolite levels and postmortem changes.
AB  - The changes in 16 cerebral metabolites produced by cardiac arrest and subsequent
      room temperature autolysis were studied using high-resolution proton nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biopsies of rabbit cerebral cortex, cerebral
      white matter, and cerebellum were quantitatively analyzed for acetate, alanine,
      gamma-aminobutyric acid, creatine, glutamate, glycine, inositol, lactate, N
      acetylaspartate, phosphocreatine, succinate, taurine, and threonine. Of these, N
      acetylaspartate and the total creatine pool are the best candidates for use as
      concentration reference standards linking in vitro to in vivo 1H nuclear magnetic
      resonance measurements. Both changed little immediately after death, and they
      varied in a distinctive way among cortex, white matter, and cerebellum.

PMID- 3379401
TI  - Presence of kynurenic acid in the mammalian brain.
AB  - Kynurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite able to antagonize the actions of the
      excitatory amino acids, has been identified and measured for the first time in
      the brain of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and humans by using an HPLC method. Its
      content was 5.8 +/- 0.9 in mouse brain, 17.8 +/- 2.0 in rat brain, 16.2 +/- 1.5
      in guinea pig brain, 26.8 +/- 2.9 in rabbit brain, and 150 +/- 30 in human cortex
      (pmol/g wet wt. mean +/- SE). The regional distribution of this molecule was
      uneven. In rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits, the brainstem was the area richest in
      this compound. Tryptophan administration (100-300 mg/kg, i.p.) to rats resulted
      in a significant increase of the brain content of kynurenic acid. Similarly, 1 h
      after probenecid administration (200 mg/kg, i.p.), the brain content of
      kynurenate increased by fourfold, thus suggesting that its turnover rate is
      relatively fast.

PMID- 3379402
TI  - Evidence that alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in rat
      striata and cerebella are not related to soman-induced convulsions.
AB  - Many reports have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may play a role
      in organophosphate-induced convulsions. The balance between GABA and
      acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain also has been suggested by some investigators to
      be related to brain excitability. We examined these questions by studying the
      levels of GABA and ACh and the ratios of GABA to ACh in rat striata and cerebella
      (two major motor control areas in the CNS) after the administration of soman, an
      organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor also known as nerve gas. Male
      Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were injected subcutaneously with three
      different doses of soman: a subconvulsive dose of 40 micrograms/kg (approximately
      30% of the ED50 for convulsions in rats), a convulsive dose of 120 micrograms/kg
      (approximately one ED50 for convulsions), and a higher convulsive dose of 150
      micrograms/kg (approximately 120% of the ED50 for convulsions). The incidence and
      severity of convulsions were monitored in individual rats until they were
      sacrificed by focused microwave irradiation of the head at the following time
      points after soman administration: 4 min, a time prior to the onset of
      convulsions; 10 min, the time of onset of convulsions; 1 h, the time of peak
      convulsive activity; and 6 h, a time at which rats were recovering from
      convulsions. Results showed that in rat striata and cerebella, neither changes in
      levels of GABA and ACh nor changes in ratios of GABA to ACh were related to soman
      induced convulsions, i.e., none of the changes in either levels or ratios of
      these two neurotransmitters were related to the initiation of, maintenance of, or
      recovery from soman-induced convulsions.

PMID- 3379403
TI  - Low [3H]cytochalasin B binding in the cerebral cortex of newborn rat.
AB  - The concentrations of glucose transporter in the cerebral cortex and brainstem of
      neonatal (4-7 days old) and adult rats were measured using [3H]cytochalasin B
      binding. There was significantly lower binding in neonatal cortex (1.9 +/- 0.7
      pmol/mg protein) compared to adult (8.9 +/- 2.5 pmol/mg protein). Scatchard
      analysis indicates this difference is due to a lower Bmax (neonate, 9.7 pmol/mg
      protein; adult, 18.6 +/- 1.3 pmol/mg protein). Measurement of [3H]cytochalasin B
      binding in microvessels prepared from cortex of adult (28.1 +/- 3.5 pmol/mg
      protein) and neonate (12.8 +/- 1.9 pmol/mg protein) indicates a lower binding in
      the microvasculature of neonates, whereas no such difference was seen in the
      binding in microvessels prepared from adult and neonatal brainstem (adult, 11.8
      +/- 2.3 pmol/mg protein; neonate, 9.4 +/- 2.7 pmol/mg protein). In both adult and
      neonate brain, there is an enrichment of glucose transporters in the
      microvasculature.

PMID- 3379404
TI  - Age-related changes of ribonuclease activities in various regions of the rat
      central nervous system.
AB  - Acid (pH 5.5), free, and latent alkaline (pH 7.4) RNases were assayed in
      homogenates of temporal cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cervicothoracic
      segments of spinal cord of rats at three different ages (5, 14, and 25 months
      old). Free alkaline RNase activity was lower (two- to fivefold) than the acid
      activity. Both free and inhibitor-bound alkaline RNases remained unchanged with
      age in all CNS regions examined. This result also indirectly indicates no change
      of RNase-inhibitor complex throughout aging. In contrast, the acid RNase activity
      showed a significant increase during aging in all tissues, with exception of the
      hypothalamus. Because this enzyme is localized mainly in the lysosomes, this
      result might be due to an increased lysosomal activity and/or to the release of
      hydrolases into the cytoplasm from these organelles, undergoing shrinkage and
      degeneration in aged animals.

PMID- 3379405
TI  - Gangliosides and other lipids of the growth cone membrane.
AB  - Growth cone membranes, derived from growth cone particles isolated from 16- to 18
      day-old fetal rat brain, were found to be rich in overall lipid content with a
      lipid-to-protein ratio of 3.5. The phospholipid-to-cholesterol ratio indicated
      considerably less cholesterol than plasma membranes from mature neurons. All
      major classes of phospholipid were present in the usual proportions except
      sphingomyelin, which could not be detected. Gangliosides expressed in relation to
      protein were present at somewhat higher levels compared to previously reported
      values for synaptic plasma membranes (73 versus 44 micrograms/mg protein), but
      when related to phospholipid their level was well below that of the latter (26
      versus 62 micrograms/mg phospholipid). The ganglioside pattern was generally
      similar to that of mature synaptic membranes except for the presence of
      relatively more GD3 and less GD1a, a phenomenon also observed in whole fetal
      brain of the same age. Several neutral glycosphingolipids were detected,
      glucosylceramide being the major one of this group. Their total level in growth
      cone membranes was roughly comparable to that of gangliosides, but unlike the
      latter their concentration in whole brain decreased with development. For
      comparison we analyzed the ganglioside composition of mixed membrane fractions
      from the same fetal brains and found no significant differences between these and
      growth cone membranes, suggesting that these glycoconjugates are not localized
      specifically in the growth cones. Neutral glycosphingolipids, on the other hand,
      appeared somewhat more concentrated in growth cones than in the mixed membranes.

PMID- 3379406
TI  - Gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist-induced alterations in the ultrastructure of
      cultured cerebellar granule cells is restricted to early development.
AB  - The effect of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]-pyridin-3-ol (THIP) on the
      ultrastructural composition of cultured cerebellar granule cells was investigated
      during development by quantitative electron microscopy (morphometric analysis).
      Granule cells were exposed to THIP (150 microM) for 6 h after 7 and 14 days,
      respectively, in culture. THIP treatment of 7-day-old cultures led to a
      statistically significant increase in the cytoplasmic density of rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and coated vesicles, whereas no
      significant increase in the cytoplasmic density of these organelles was observed
      in 14-day-old cultures exposed to THIP for 6 h. These findings show that the
      effect of THIP on the ultrastructural composition of cultured cerebellar granule
      cells is restricted to early development.

PMID- 3379407
TI  - Lithium selectively inhibits muscarinic receptor-stimulated inositol
      tetrakisphosphate accumulation in mouse cerebral cortex slices.
AB  - The in vitro effects of Li on agonist- and depolarization-stimulated accumulation
      of inositol phosphates were determined in mouse cerebral cortex slices. Of the
      agents examined, only the cholinergic agonist carbachol produced a significant
      accumulation of inositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) in the absence of Li. Lithium
      at 5 mM enhanced the accumulation of inositol monophosphate (InsP1) and inositol
      bisphosphate (InsP2) due to all the stimuli used and potentiated inositol
      trisphosphate (InsP3) accumulation due to histamine and noradrenaline, although
      at lower Li concentrations, carbachol-stimulated InsP3 accumulation was reduced.
      Li also enhanced InsP4 accumulation in the presence of noradrenaline, histamine,
      and elevated KCl level but, in marked contrast, reduced carbachol-stimulated
      InsP4 accumulation with an IC50 of 100 microM. There was a significant time delay
      between the initiation of carbachol stimulation and the beginning of the InsP4
      inhibition due to Li. The phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha
      acetate did not mimic the effects of Li. The results suggest that muscarinic
      receptor-mediated InsP4 production might be one of the targets for the
      therapeutic action of Li.

PMID- 3379408
TI  - Oligosaccharide portion of GM1 enhances process formation by S20Y neuroblastoma
      cells.
AB  - The oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM1 was found to enhance
      neuritogenesis by S20Y murine neuroblastoma cells grown in vitro. The average
      length of the neurites produced by cells grown in the presence of the
      oligosaccharide portion of GM1 was comparable to that of cells grown in the
      presence of intact GM1. The processes of these cells were significantly longer (p
      less than 0.005, pooled t test) than those of cells grown in the presence of
      comparable concentrations of sialic acid, lactose, sialyllactose, GD1a, or the
      oligosaccharide moiety of GD1a. These results suggest that it is the
      oligosaccharide portion of GM1 that is responsible for the ability of GM1 to
      enhance process outgrowth by S20Y neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 3379409
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of rapidly accumulated adenosine by dissociated
      brain cells from adult rat.
AB  - Mechanically dissociated brain cells from adult rats were used to study
      biochemically and pharmacologically their capacity to accumulate rapidly
      [3H]adenosine. The assay, which used an inhibitor-stop method to prevent further
      uptake into cells, was characterized with respect to protein and optimal
      substrate concentrations, and incubation times that ranged from 5 to 180 s. The
      accumulation of [3H]adenosine using 15-s incubation periods, conditions under
      which less than 10% of accumulated [3H]adenosine was metabolized, was best
      described kinetically by a two-component system with Km and Vmax values for the
      high-affinity component of 0.8 microM and 6.2 pmol/mg protein/15 s and for the
      low-affinity component 259 microM and 2,217 pmol/mg protein/15 s, respectively.
      The potencies with which nucleosides, adenosine deaminase resistant adenosine
      receptor agonists, and nucleoside uptake inhibitors competed for these uptake
      components were determined. Of the nucleosides examined, adenosine was the
      "preferred" substrate for the uptake site. The Ki value of adenosine for the high
      affinity component was 10.7 microM. Inosine and uridine competed for a single
      lower affinity uptake system: Ki values were 142 and 696 microM, respectively.
      Nucleoside uptake inhibitors--nitrobenzylthioinosine, dipyridamole, and dilazep-
      were the most potent inhibitors of [3H]adenosine accumulation tested: the Ki
      values for the high-affinity system were 0.11, 1.3, and 570 nM, respectively. The
      adenosine analogs S-phenylisopropyladenosine, R-phenylisopropyladenosine, and
      cyclohexyladenosine inhibited the high-affinity component with Ki values of 2.3,
      9.3, and 14.5 microM, respectively. N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine competed for a
      single lower affinity uptake system: Ki, 292 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3379410
TI  - Characterization of N-[3H]methylcarbamylcholine binding sites and effect of N
      methylcarbamylcholine on acetylcholine release in rat brain.
AB  - The present experiments show that N-[3H]-methylcarbamylcholine ([3H]MCC) binds
      specifically and with high affinity to rat hippocampus, frontal cortex, and
      striatum. The highest maximal density of binding sites was apparent in frontal
      cortex and the lowest in hippocampus. [3H]MCC binding was potently inhibited by
      nicotinic, but not muscarinic, agonists and by the nicotinic antagonist dihydro
      beta-erythroidine in all three brain regions studied. The effect of unlabeled MCC
      on acetylcholine (ACh) release from slices of rat brain was tested. The drug
      significantly enhanced spontaneous ACh release from slices of hippocampus and
      frontal cortex, but not from striatal slices. This effect of MCC to increase ACh
      release from rat hippocampus and frontal cortex was antagonized by the nicotinic
      antagonists dihydro-beta-erythroidine and d-tubocurarine, but not by alpha
      bungarotoxin or by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. The MCC-induced increase
      in spontaneous ACh release from hippocampal and frontal cortical slices was not
      affected by tetrodotoxin. The results suggest that MCC might alter cholinergic
      transmission in rat brain by a direct activation of presynaptic nicotinic
      receptors on the cholinergic terminals. That this alteration of ACh release is
      apparent in hippocampus and frontal cortex, but not in striatum, suggests that
      there may be a regional specificity in the regulation of ACh by nicotinic
      receptors in rat brain.

PMID- 3379411
TI  - Sequence of two mRNAs encoding active rat tryptophan hydroxylase.
AB  - Two full-length cDNA clones that encode functional rat tryptophan hydroxylase (EC
      1.14.16.4), the key enzyme in serotonin synthesis, have been isolated from a rat
      pineal gland library. These two clones correspond to the 1.8- and 4-kilobase mRNA
      species, respectively. They contain the same coding sequence corresponding to a
      51,010-dalton protein and differ in the length of their 3' untranslated regions.

PMID- 3379412
TI  - Tissue content of opioid peptides in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle of
      guinea-pig small intestine.
AB  - We have developed a method that is based on two HPLC systems and permits the
      separation of endogenous opioid peptides in tissue extracts. The individual
      peptides are bioassayed on the mouse isolated vas deferens; naloxone (100 nM)
      ensures opioid specificity. In the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle
      preparation of the guinea-pig small intestine, the tissue content of prodynorphin
      derived peptides is lower than those of proenkephalin-derived peptides. No beta
      endorphin was detected. Of the prodynorphin fragments, alpha-neoendorphin, beta
      neoendorphin, dynorphin A(1-8), and dynorphin B are present in equimolar
      concentrations (12-15 pmol/g) whereas the tissue content of dynorphin A is only
      0.8 pmol/g. Processing of proenkephalin leads to at least six opioid peptides.
      The tissue contents of [Leu5]enkephalin, [Met5]enkephalyl-Arg-Gly-Leu, and
      [Met5]enkephalyl-Arg-Phe are 90-100 pmol/g and the content of [Met5]enkephalin is
      405 pmol/g. BAM-18 and [Met5]enkephalyl-Arg-Arg-Val-NH2 are present in much lower
      concentrations, 24 and 5 pmol/g, respectively. Although present in low amounts,
      BAM-18 and [Met5]-enkephalyl-Arg-Arg-Val-NH2 have high affinity for the mu-opioid
      binding site and to a lesser extent for the kappa-site; this binding profile
      differs from that of the other proenkephalin fragments all of which have high
      affinities for the mu- and delta-sites.

PMID- 3379413
TI  - Identification of a trypsin-like site associated with acetylcholinesterase by
      affinity labelling with [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
AB  - In addition to its ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine, purified eel
      acetylcholinesterase possesses a trypsin-like endopeptidase activity. The tryptic
      activity is associated with a serine residue at a site that is distinct from the
      esteratic site. To label both the esteratic and tryptic sites, the enzyme was
      incubated with the serine hydrolase inhibitor [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
      This compound labelled the protein in a biphasic manner, with both slow and rapid
      labelling kinetics. The time course of the rapid phase was similar to the time
      course of inactivation of the esteratic activity. The time course of the slow
      phase was similar to the time course of inactivation of the tryptic activity.
      Labelling of the nonesteratic site was inhibited by the trypsin inhibitor N alpha
      p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone. The total number of sites labelled by
      [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate on eel acetylcholinesterase was 2.6 mol/280,000 g
      protein, whereas the number of tryptic sites was less (0.52 mol/280,000 g). The
      results suggest that a subpopulation of acetylcholinesterase molecules may
      possess tryptic activity. Extensive chromatography of the purified enzyme by ion
      exchange and gel filtration failed to separate the labelled tryptic component
      from acetylcholinesterase. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the
      labelled tryptic component comigrated with a polypeptide of 50,000 molecular
      weight, which is a major proteolytic digestion product derived from the intact
      acetylcholinesterase monomer. Because of its localization in many noncholinergic
      peptide-containing cells, acetylcholinesterase could act as a neuropeptide
      processing enzyme in these cells.

PMID- 3379414
TI  - Bioactive components of Allamanda schottii.

PMID- 3379415
TI  - Inhibition of cow's milk xanthine oxidase by flavonoids.

PMID- 3379416
TI  - Antitumor agents, 93. Bruceanol C, a new cytotoxic quassinoid from Brucea
      antidysenterica.

PMID- 3379417
TI  - Chemical and pharmaceutical studies on medicinal plants in Paraguay. Geraniin, an
      angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor from "paraparai mi," Phyllanthus niruri.

PMID- 3379418
TI  - 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene, a bioactive component of the bark of Duguetia
      panamensis.

PMID- 3379419
TI  - Sensory perineuritis.
AB  - A case of sensory perineuritis is described, affecting individual cutaneous
      nerves in the extremities and with a chronic inflammatory exudate confined to the
      perineurium in a sural nerve biopsy. No cause was found. The condition slowly
      resolved on steroid treatment.

PMID- 3379420
TI  - Mortality in alcoholics with autonomic neuropathy.
AB  - Seventy-nine male chronic alcoholics who had been tested for autonomic neuropathy
      using four tests of vagus nerve function were followed for up to 7 years (mean
      5.5 years). Thirty-two subjects had no vagal neuropathy, 25 had one abnormal test
      and 22 had two or more abnormal vagal function tests and two of these also had
      orthostatic hypotension. There were no differences between the reported alcohol
      consumptions and evidence of central or peripheral nerve or liver damage between
      the three groups. Twelve patients died during the follow-up period. At 7 years
      the percentage survival for the subjects with no evidence of vagal neuropathy was
      91%, with one abnormal test it was 66% and with two or more abnormal tests it was
      79%. The expected percentage survival for each of the group was 94%, 91% and 88%
      respectively. The results suggest that evidence of vagal neuropathy in chronic
      alcoholics is associated with a significantly higher mortality than in the
      general population and that deaths due to cardiovascular disease are a major
      cause.

PMID- 3379421
TI  - Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The effect of pregnancy on the relapse rate of multiple sclerosis has been
      investigated. Obstetric and relapse histories of 52 women with clinically
      definite multiple sclerosis were obtained; there were 101 pregnancies of which 85
      were at risk of a multiple sclerosis relapse. By comparing the number of relapses
      in the pregnancy period (9 months of pregnancy and 6 months immediately post
      partum) with the number in non-pregnancy periods for the same women, no increased
      risk of relapse during the pregnancy period was demonstrated. However, of the
      relapses that did occur during the pregnancy period, there was a significant
      reduction in the number of relapses in the first and second trimesters.

PMID- 3379422
TI  - The origins of lumbosacral spinal evoked potentials in humans using a surface
      electrode recording technique.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded over the lumbar spine and scalp in
      12 normal subjects after stimulating the posterior tibial nerve at the knee and
      ankle and the sural nerve at the ankle. The H-reflex from the soleus muscle was
      recorded at the same time. The effects of stimulus intensity, frequency of
      stimulation and vibration were assessed. It was concluded that when the posterior
      tibial nerve was stimulated in the popliteal fossa, three negative peaks were
      recorded over the lumbosacral area. They arose from activity in the dorsal roots,
      the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (SD) and the ventral roots. In contrast when
      the posterior tibial nerve and the sural nerve were stimulated at the ankle only
      two negative peaks were recorded, a dorsal root potential and a spinal cord
      dorsum potential. In addition the data suggested that the peripheral nerve fibres
      that are involved with generating the surface recorded spinal potential with
      mixed nerve stimulation are primarily muscle afferents.

PMID- 3379423
TI  - Lacunar syndromes due to brainstem infarct and haemorrhage.
AB  - Nine patients with brainstem infarct and two with brainstem haemorrhage presented
      with pure motor stroke, pure supranuclear facial palsy, sensorimotor stroke or
      ataxic hemiparesis. Despite the clinical similarity with hemispheric lacunes,
      brainstem infarcts causing lacunar syndromes probably have a greater tendency to
      progress. Small brainstem haemorrhages should also be considered as a cause of
      lacunar syndromes and the difficulty in differentiating them from small infarcts
      without CT is emphasised.

PMID- 3379424
TI  - Enlargement of the third ventricle and hyponatraemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid
      haemorrhage.
AB  - Hyponatraemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is associated with an
      increased risk of cerebral infarction. Whether the development of hyponatraemia
      was related to enlargement of the third ventricle on the admission CT scan was
      investigated in a consecutive series of 133 patients who were seen within 72
      hours of aneurysmal haemorrhage. Hyponatraemia occurred significantly more often
      in patients with enlargement of the third ventricle (with or without dilatation
      of the lateral ventricles) than in patients with a normal ventricular system
      (20/41 versus 24/92, p = 0.016). After ventricular drainage, the sodium levels
      returned to normal in two patients in whom the size of the third ventricle
      decreased and not in four patients with persistent enlargement of the third
      ventricle. The significant relationship between enlargement of the third
      ventricle and hyponatraemia remained after adjustment for the amount of cisternal
      blood, but not after adjustment for the amount of intraventricular blood. These
      results suggest that the size of the third ventricle is an important but not the
      only factor in the relationship between acute hydrocephalus and hyponatraemia in
      patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 3379425
TI  - Reduction of ventricular size after shunting for normal pressure hydrocephalus
      related to CSF dynamics before shunting.
AB  - Reduction of ventricular size was determined by repeated computed tomography in
      30 adult patients shunted for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and related to
      the pressure-volume index (PVI) and resistance to outflow of cerebrospinal fluid
      (Rcsf) measured before shunting. Rapid and marked reduction of ventricular size
      (n = 10) was associated with a significantly lower PVI than slow and moderate to
      marked (n = 13) or minimal to mild reduction (n = 7). Otherwise no relationship
      could be found between the reduction of ventricular size and PVI or Rcsf. It is
      concluded that both rate and magnitude of reduction of ventricular size after
      shunting for NPH are extremely variable. High brain elasticity seems to be the
      best predictor of rapid and marked reduction.

PMID- 3379426
TI  - Skull fracture as a risk factor of intracranial complications in minor head
      injuries: a prospective CT study in a series of 98 adult patients.
AB  - Ninety eight patients admitted to hospital after a minor head injury were studied
      by CT. Forty seven patients had a skull fracture and 51 did not. Significantly
      more intracranial lesions were found in those with a fracture (16) that those
      without (3) (p less than 0.01). Nine of the patients with a skull fracture and
      positive CT were transferred to a neurosurgical department, where six underwent
      operation. Operation was not required in patients without a skull fracture. Head
      injured patients with a skull fracture should undergo CT scanning to enable early
      detection of an intracranial haematoma.

PMID- 3379427
TI  - Motor control deficits of orofacial muscles in cerebral palsy.
AB  - Voluntary control of the masseter and orbicularis oris superioris muscles was
      examined in able bodied and cerebral palsied subjects using visual tracking
      tasks. A smoothed measure of muscle activity (the full-wave rectified and low
      pass filtered electromyogram) was presented as a marker on a computer display
      screen and the subjects could control the vertical position of the marker by
      voluntarily altering the level of isometric contraction of one of the muscles. A
      target marker was also displayed on the screen and the subjects were required to
      follow or "track" the irregular movements of this target with the response
      marker. Their success in aligning the response marker with the target was
      analysed for these orofacial muscles. The masseter is influenced by muscle
      spindle based reflexes, while the orbicularis oris superioris lacks such reflex
      control. The cerebral palsied subjects displayed similarly poor control over both
      muscles, implying that their voluntary motor deficits are not related to abnormal
      muscle spindle based reflexes. It is suggested that the impairment may be related
      to perceptual-motor integration.

PMID- 3379428
TI  - The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear
      palsy and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Significant loss of neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus pars compacta (PPNc),
      a putative cholinergic nucleus involved in modulating somatic motor activities,
      has been demonstrated in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's
      disease but not in Alzheimer's disease. A morphometric study of this nucleus was
      performed in two cases of PSP and in a cohort of cases of Parkinson's disease,
      Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT), and age-matched
      controls. In PSP a significant 60% neuronal loss in PPNc was associated with
      neurofibrillary tangles in 40 to 64% of the remaining neurons. In Parkinson's
      disease there was a significant decrease in cell numbers and density by 53 and
      51%, respectively, with Lewy bodies involving 6 to 39% of all neurons. In
      Alzheimer's disease and SDAT, large neurons were reduced by 29 and 33.8%,
      respectively, with tangles in 9 to 38% of the remaining cells. The selective
      affection of this putative cholinergic nucleus in PSP and Parkinson's disease
      appears to be related to motor dysfunctions in these disorders.

PMID- 3379429
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase is decreased in multi-infarct
      dementia, but unchanged in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured
      in 22 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and in 35 patients with multi
      infarct dementia, and in 15 controls. CSF NSE in patients with Alzheimer's
      disease did not differ from those in controls. In patients with multi-infarct
      dementia without recent vascular events CSF NSE was lower than in controls or in
      Alzheimer patients. This finding is in accord with the prevailing opinion that
      vascular dementia is caused by multiple infarcts and not by continuous neuronal
      ischaemia.

PMID- 3379430
TI  - Painful muscle spasms complicating algodystrophy: central or peripheral disease?
AB  - A 21 year old female patient developed Sudeck's atrophy of the right foot
      secondary to a chronic Achilles tendinitis. The condition was complicated by the
      occurrence of painful muscle spasms in the right leg and incontinence of urine.
      The spasms had characteristics of both a tonic ambulatory foot response and a
      spinal flexor reflex. The movements disappeared during sleep. Regional
      anaesthesia of the right leg made the spasms disappear both in and outside the
      region of anaesthesia. Backaveraging of the EEG showed the involuntary spasms to
      be preceded by a cortical potential similar to a readiness potential, indicating
      a cortical potential similar to a readiness potential, indicating a cortical
      component in the pathophysiology of the muscle spasms complicating Sudeck's
      atrophy.

PMID- 3379431
TI  - Spastic paresis: impaired spinal reflexes and intact motor programs.
AB  - Leg muscle EMG responses evoked by short treadmill acceleration impulses applied
      during stance were analysed in patients with spastic hemiparesis. The
      compensatory reactions on the unaffected side consisted of a diphasic pattern of
      leg muscle activation. The first response could best be described as a
      polysynaptic spinal stretch reflex response. This response was absent on the
      spastic side, except for its later, declining component. This remainder of the
      first response and the following activation of the antagonistic muscle was
      identical on both the unaffected and the spastic side. This part of the pattern
      is assumed to be centrally programmed (at the spinal level) and triggered by the
      termination of the acceleration impulse.

PMID- 3379432
TI  - Somatosensory and acoustic brain stem reflex myoclonus.
AB  - A patient with brain stem reflex myoclonus due to a massive midbrain infarct was
      studied electrophysiologically. Myoclonic jerks were elicited at variable
      latencies by tapping anywhere on the body or by acoustic stimuli, and mainly
      involved flexor muscles of upper extremities. The existence of convergence of
      somatosensory and acoustic inputs in the brain stem was suggested. This myoclonus
      seemed to be mediated by a mechanism similar to the spino-bulbo-spinal reflex.

PMID- 3379433
TI  - Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy without familial occurrence: carrier
      detection by the radioimmunoassay of variant transthyretin.
AB  - A 47 year old woman with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is reported,
      without familial occurrence of the disease. Her 81 year old mother and 53 year
      old sister were proved to be asymptomatic carriers for variant transthyretin
      (TTR) by means of the radioimmunoassay. It is suggested that unknown factor(s)
      may play a role in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease, producing
      variations in sex and family incidence. In order to establish the diagnosis of
      non-hereditary primary amyloidotic polyneuropathy, it must be confirmed that
      variant TTR is absent in the serum of relatives.

PMID- 3379434
TI  - Reduplicative paramnesia: possible anatomical and neuropsychological mechanisms.
AB  - A patient is reported who presented with reduplicative paramnesia following a
      vascular lesion in the right frontal region. Neuropsychological examination
      revealed significant memory impairment, perservation on a problem solving task
      and marked left-sided inattention. Recovery from the paramnesic episode was
      accompanied by selective resolution of the original cognitive deficits. It is
      suggested that focal right frontal pathology may represent a sufficient condition
      for the occurrence of reduplicative paramnesia, and that the underlying
      mechanisms may be dependent on a particular combination and severity of memory,
      visuospatial and conceptual deficits.

PMID- 3379435
TI  - Reye-like syndrome following treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist,
      calcium hopantenate.
AB  - Three senile patients developed fatal acute encephalopathy while receiving
      calcium hopantenate. The clinical, biochemical, and pathological picture was
      similar to Reye's syndrome. Calcium hopantenate is a pantothenic acid antagonist.
      The serum levels of calcium hopantenate were high in coma, and that of
      pantothenic acid examined in one patient was lowered. Evidence obtained indicated
      that the Reye-like syndrome might be caused by calcium hopantenate possibly due
      to the induction of pantothenic acid deficiency.

PMID- 3379436
TI  - Prolonged complex partial status epilepticus: a case report.

PMID- 3379437
TI  - Akinetic mutism in Wernicke-Korsakoff disease: a case report.

PMID- 3379438
TI  - Hemichorea and its denial in a case of caudate infarction diagnosed by magnetic
      resonance imaging.

PMID- 3379439
TI  - Essential tremor cured by infarction adjacent to the thalamus.

PMID- 3379440
TI  - Bromocriptine therapy in striatonigral degeneration.

PMID- 3379441
TI  - Post epileptic headache and migraine.

PMID- 3379442
TI  - Regional difference in the kinetics of choline acetyltransferase in brains of
      neurologically normal elderly people and those with Alzheimer-type dementia.
AB  - In order to clarify the biochemical changes which occur in the brains of patients
      suffering from Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), the kinetics of choline
      acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured in 8 or 11 regions of post-mortem brains
      of 6 patients with non-neurological diseases (control subjects) and 8 patients
      with ATD. In the control subjects, Michaelis constants (Km) of ChAT for choline
      were lower in the caudate nucleus and putamen than in other regions examined,
      whereas Km values for acetyl-CoA in these two regions were higher. Maximal
      velocities (Vmax) for the control subjects were higher in the caudate nucleus and
      putamen than in the other regions studied. Km values for choline of ATD patients
      were higher than those of control subjects in all regions except the amygdala and
      substantia innominata (innominate); however, Km values for acetyl-CoA of ATD
      patients were higher than those of control subjects only in the caudate nucleus,
      putamen and thalamus. Vmax values of ATD patients were lower than those of
      control subjects in all the regions of brains with ATD. These results suggest
      that the binding site of ChAT for choline is sensitive to the pathological
      process of ATD, whereas the binding site for acetyl-CoA is resistant. Based on
      the presence or absence of variations of Km values, we have classified brain
      regions into 3 types: highly sensitive, somewhat sensitive or resistant to the
      pathological process of ATD.

PMID- 3379443
TI  - Differential response of enzyme activities in rat diaphragm and intercostal
      muscles to exercise training.
AB  - To determine whether respiratory muscles undergo alterations in enzyme activities
      of energy metabolism as a result of increased mechanical activity, adult male
      Wistar rats were subjected to a prolonged endurance training program. Analysis
      off maximal enzyme activity patterns in the diaphragm following 15 weeks of
      extreme training (final running duration: 210 min per day, 27 m.min-1 at 15
      degrees grade, indicated significant reductions in the marker enzymes of the
      citric acid cycle (citrate synthase), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; lactate
      dehydrogenase, LDH), ketone body utilization (3-keto acid: CoA transferase) and
      transamination (glutamate pyruvate transaminase, GPT). No changes were found for
      the enzymes of glycogenolysis (phosphorylase, PHOSPH), glycolysis (glyceraldehyde
      phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK) and
      beta-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl: CoA dehydrogenase, HAD) following training. In
      contrast, in the external intercostal muscle, increases in the range of 57-77%
      were noted for the enzymes CS and HAD, whereas in the internal intercostal
      muscles no training induced alteration was evident for these enzymes. For both
      the intercostal muscles, a consistent trend was noted towards a reduction in all
      of the glycolytic enzymes investigated, however, significantly lower values were
      recorded for only PK and LDH in the internal intercostals. GPT was increased in
      the internal intercostal muscles. These findings indicate that the response
      pattern observed in the enzyme activities studied following training are to some
      degree specific to the respiratory muscle investigated.

PMID- 3379444
TI  - Electron microscopic study of the biopsied cardiac muscle in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Cardiac muscular biopsies were performed on 4 patients with Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy (DMD). None of the patients had cardiac symptoms and all of them
      exhibited normal electro- and echocardiographic findings. Electron microscopic
      examination of cardiac muscles from 4 patients with DMD disclosed proliferation
      of the mitochondria, changes in the cristae, abnormalities of the Z-bands,
      dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, deposition of glycogen, and changes in
      the nuclei. The most striking finding in these patients was that the residual
      bodies were increased and were observed mainly in the perinuclear region. These
      ultrastructural features suggest that an extreme exhaustion had already been
      present in myocardial tissue of the patients prior to the onset of cardiac
      symptoms.

PMID- 3379445
TI  - A follow-up study of very low field MRI findings and clinical course in multiple
      sclerosis.
AB  - Seventy-three consecutive patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were
      examined with very low field (0.17 and 0.02 tesla) magnetic resonance imaging
      (MRI) of the brain. Fifty-seven patients were examined a second time after 6
      months, 41 patients a third time after 1 year, and 25 patients a fourth time
      after 2 years. The initial finding was abnormal in 57/73 patients (78%). The
      number of lesions increased with age, duration of disease, and increasing
      disability. Plaques were more numerous in progressive than in remitting MS. Of
      the patients with abnormal MRI 65% had more than 3 lesions, and in 82% lesions
      were smaller than 2.5 cm in diameter. After follow-ups of 1 year and 2 years the
      size of MRI lesions remained unchanged in 55% and 64%, respectively. Unchanged
      plaque numbers were found in 72% and 60%. Unchanged MRI was most common among
      patients with remitting MS who were in a stable phase. Decrease in size and
      disappearance of plaques correlated well with clinical remissions. Increase in
      size was rare even during relapses. New plaques could appear during all phases of
      clinical course although they reflected better a relapse of remitting or
      progressive disease.

PMID- 3379447
TI  - What is the cause of the ageing atrophy? Total number, size and proportion of
      different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15- to 83
      year-old men.
AB  - In order to study the effects of increasing age on the human skeletal muscle,
      cross-sections (15 micron) of autopsied whole vastus lateralis muscle from 43
      previously physically healthy men between 15 and 83 years of age were prepared
      and examined. The data obtained on muscle area, total number, size, proportion
      and distribution of type 1 (slow-twitch) and type 2 (fast-twitch) fibers were
      analysed using multivariate regression. The results show that the ageing atrophy
      of this muscle begins around 25 years of age and thereafter accelerates. This is
      caused mainly by a loss of fibers, with no predominant effect on any fiber type,
      and to a lesser extent by a reduction in fiber size, mostly of type 2 fibers. The
      results also suggest the occurrence of several other age-related adaptive
      mechanisms which could influence fiber sizes and fiber number, as well as enzyme
      histochemical fiber characteristics.

PMID- 3379446
TI  - Defect in succinate oxidation by isolated muscle mitochondria in a patient with
      symmetrical lesions in the basal ganglia.
AB  - A 3-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of psychomotor retardation. He had a
      waddling gait with proximal hypotonia and paresis. Computed tomography (CT scan)
      and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated symmetrical
      lesions in the basal ganglia suggesting bilateral necrosis. Lactate and pyruvate
      levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were persistently elevated. A biopsy of
      the quadriceps muscle showed normal light microscopic findings except for a
      slightly raised number of lipid droplets. Electron microscopy confirmed this and
      also showed a rather large number of subsarcolemmal mitochondria without
      crystalline inclusions. Biochemical studies showed a normal carnitine level and
      normal mitochondrial enzyme activities in muscle homogenate, including succinate
      cytochrome c reductase. However, intact isolated mitochondria failed to oxidize
      succinate. An explanation for this paradoxical finding is a deficiency in that
      part of the coenzyme Q (CoQ) that is reduced by the succinate dehydrogenase
      complex. The differential diagnosis between Leigh's syndrome and infantile
      bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) is discussed. The role of neuroradiology in
      prompting complementary investigations is stressed.

PMID- 3379448
TI  - Binding of Ricinus communis I lectin to developing dystrophic muscle in human
      fetus.
AB  - In previous studies it was shown that a D-galactose-specific lectin, Ricinus
      communis I (RCA I), does not bind to the plasma membrane of muscle fibres from
      patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in contrast to normal muscle. We
      have now studied RCA I binding to the membranes of developing human fetal muscle
      in fetuses at 95% risk of DMD (n = 6) and normal controls (n = 5) with a
      developmental range of 12-20 weeks of gestation. The results were compared to the
      membrane appearance with conventional ultrastructure. Binding of RCA I to the
      muscle basement membrane was consistently strong from the early stages of
      myogenesis, such as in fusing myoblasts/myocytes. RCA I binding to the plasma
      membrane was weak but detectable in both DMD and normal fetuses at 12-14 weeks of
      gestation. Both the normal and diseased condition showed an increase of RCA I
      labelling of the muscle plasma membrane at 15-17 weeks and strong labelling at 18
      20 weeks of gestation. No difference was observed in the RCA I localization of
      normal and diseased human fetal muscle plasma membrane. It is concluded that (a)
      the plasma membrane in developing fetal muscle undergoes a maturation process
      between 12 and 20 weeks gestational age leading to an increase in expression of
      RCA I binding carbohydrate moieties; and (b) that the absence of RCA I binding
      glycoprotein in mature DMD muscle plasma membrane reflects a change acquired
      during the course of disease.

PMID- 3379449
TI  - Chymostatin has no apparent beneficial effect on muscular dystrophy in the mdx
      mouse.
AB  - The effect of the cathepsin B inhibitor chymostatin was studied in mice with an X
      chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy. Treatment for 7 weeks at a daily dose of 1
      microgram/g body weight had no apparent beneficial effect: serum creatine kinase
      levels, histopathology and the activity of muscle cathepsin B were not
      significantly altered by the treatment.

PMID- 3379450
TI  - Emergency planning and community right-to-know.

PMID- 3379451
TI  - The air pollution control market in the 1990s.

PMID- 3379452
TI  - Short-term respiratory effects of sulfuric acid in fog: a laboratory study of
      healthy and asthmatic volunteers.

PMID- 3379453
TI  - Organic emissions from consumer products and building materials to the indoor
      environment.

PMID- 3379455
TI  - Sulfur hexafluoride as a surrogate for volatilization of organics from indoor
      water uses.

PMID- 3379454
TI  - Development of a method for determination of methylene chloride emissions at
      stationary sources.

PMID- 3379456
TI  - Hazardous waste minimization: Part II. Waste minimization in the electronics
      products industries.

PMID- 3379457
TI  - Spray dryer waste management.

PMID- 3379458
TI  - Using the Jalowiec Coping Scale: concerns and questions.

PMID- 3379459
TI  - Optimizing long-term recovery.

PMID- 3379460
TI  - A nursing approach to care of the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation client.

PMID- 3379461
TI  - Congenital cardiac anomalies: a reference guide for nurses.

PMID- 3379463
TI  - From paper to practice: a commentary on Hill et al.

PMID- 3379462
TI  - Evaluating the use of a videotape in teaching the precardiac catheterization
      patient.

PMID- 3379464
TI  - Effects of calcium antagonists on intracerebral penetrating arterioles in rats.
AB  - There is no direct information on the effect of calcium antagonists on
      intracerebral penetrating arterioles, which are responsible for a significant
      part of total cerebrovascular resistance. In a study on rats, the effects of four
      calcium antagonists (diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, and nimodipine) on
      isolated intracerebral penetrating arterioles with mean resting diameters (+/-
      standard error of the mean) of 52.3 +/- 3.0 micron were investigated. Vessel
      diameters were monitored in vitro by means of a video microscope dimensional
      analyzer under constant transmural pressure (60 mm Hg) after cannulation. Each
      calcium antagonist produced maximal dilation of about 50% (diltiazem 46.4% +/-
      5.6%, verapamil 53.1% +/- 6.0%, nifedipine 46.9% +/- 6.1%, and nimodipine 47.1%
      +/- 5.4%) with varied sensitivity (median effective dose (ED50): diltiazem 1.52 X
      10(-6) M, verapamil 1.08 X 10(-7) M, nifedipine 8.65 X 10(-9) M, and nimodipine
      1.62 X 10(-9) M). Dilation effects persisted for a significantly longer time
      after washout with calcium antagonists such as diltiazem (15.5 +/- 1.8 minutes),
      nifedipine (19.0 +/- 3.9 minutes), and nimodipine (30.0 +/- 1.6 minutes) than
      after washout with adenosine (8.5 +/- 1.0 minutes). It appeared that the
      magnitude of vasodilation was greater and the duration of dilation after washout
      longer in intracerebral penetrating arterioles than that reported for pial
      arterioles, although sensitivity to each calcium antagonist was quite similar to
      that reported for larger cerebral arteries. These data provide a possible
      explanation for the apparent disparity between clinical efficacy and
      angiographically determined vessel diameter when patients with cerebral vasospasm
      are treated with calcium antagonists. These agents may have a greater effect on
      intracerebral penetrating arterioles than on angiographically visible larger
      arteries.

PMID- 3379465
TI  - Brain xenografts: the effect of cyclosporin A on graft survival.
AB  - Animal models of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease have shown dramatic
      functional improvement after transplantation of embryonic neurons into denervated
      regions of the adult brain. Because of the ethical and logistic problems
      associated with the use of human embryonic brain tissue, cross-species
      transplants are an attractive alternative. An experimental model of cross-species
      brain transplantation was developed to evaluate cell survival in untreated and
      cyclosporin A (CyA)-treated animals. Cholinergic ventral neurons from embryonic
      mice were transplanted into the frontal lobes of 18 adult Sprague-Dawley rats
      using a cell suspension technique. Nine animals were treated for 13 days with CyA
      (10 mg/kg/day) and nine were not treated. Twelve weeks after transplantation,
      frozen sections through the transplant volume were obtained. Alternate sections
      were prepared with hematoxylin and eosin and acetylcholine esterase stains. Cell
      counts through a 2-cu mm volume incorporating the transplant were compared to a
      contralateral control volume. Eight of the nine untreated transplants were
      successful (mean transplant cells +/- standard error of the mean: 90.7 +/- 19.4/2
      cu mm). All of the nine CyA-treated transplants survived, with mean transplant
      count 28.7 cells/2 cu mm greater than untreated transplants (mean increase 28.7:
      p less than or equal to 0.05, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test). It is
      concluded that: 1) this model is useful for quantitating transplant cell
      survival; 2) untreated xenografts survive well; and 3) a 13-day course of CyA
      improved long-term graft survival.

PMID- 3379466
TI  - Decompression of the vertebral artery for bow-hunter's stroke. Case report.
AB  - A case of cerebellar infarction induced by repeated neck rotation ("bow-hunter's
      stroke") is reported. The most likely mechanism is that repeated rotational neck
      movement brings about thickening of the atlanto-occipital membrane, fixing the
      vertebral artery in the vascular groove of the atlas. The vertebral artery is
      thus pinched at the time of neck rotation, leading to thrombus formation.
      Embolization results in cerebellar infarction. Surgical decompression of the
      vertebral artery at the level of the atlas in this case relieved the symptoms,
      and postoperative angiography demonstrated good flow within the vertebral artery
      even when the neck was rotated. It was not necessary to restrict the patient's
      neck movement postoperatively.

PMID- 3379467
TI  - Therapeutic embolization of an ascending pharyngeal artery-internal jugular vein
      fistula. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a case of an arteriovenous fistula between the ascending
      pharyngeal artery and the internal jugular vein. The importance of an exact
      diagnosis and some precautions to be taken during therapeutic embolization are
      emphasized, as well as the need for superselective cannulation of the feeding
      artery. The problem of differential diagnosis with glomus tumors is discussed,
      and a brief mention is made of the anatomy of the jugular foramen and embryology
      of these tumors. Only one similar case treated by embolization with solid
      particles was found in the literature. To date, embolization using solid
      particles rather than liquid agents appears to be the best treatment of fistulas
      of this type.

PMID- 3379468
TI  - Anterior cervical disc herniation. Case report.
AB  - A 39-year-old man with an extrinsic esophageal lesion was found to have an
      anterior herniation of a soft degenerated cervical disc. Only two cases of
      symptomatic anterior cervical disc herniation have been reported previously.
      Dysphagia produced by anterior cervical osteophytes is more common and is a
      recognized clinical entity. Asymptomatic anterior cervical disc herniation may
      play a key role in the pathogenesis of anterior cervical osteophytes.

PMID- 3379471
TI  - Carotid control for intracranial aneurysms. Technical note.
AB  - A new clamp with a flexible cable control mechanism for temporary intraoperative
      occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery is described.

PMID- 3379469
TI  - Intervertebral disc space cyst simulating a recurrent herniated nucleus pulposus.
      Case report.
AB  - The case presented is of a patient with an intervertebral disc space cyst
      producing recurrent radicular pain following microdiscectomy in the lumbar
      region. Difficulties with the preoperative diagnosis of this and other recurrent
      radicular syndromes are discussed, and a review of the relevant literature is
      presented.

PMID- 3379472
TI  - Acute postmyelographic neurological deterioration.

PMID- 3379470
TI  - A serrated suction tip for tumor removal. Technical note.
AB  - A serrated suction tip with a variety of diameters and serrations has been
      developed for the microsurgical removal of tumors. These tips can dissect and
      aspirate tumor tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood simultaneously, and the
      degree of suction can be controlled by the pressure of the tip against the tumor.

PMID- 3379473
TI  - Resolution of intracranial hematoma.

PMID- 3379474
TI  - Adrenal medullary tissue grafting in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3379475
TI  - MR imaging and the Chiari II malformation.

PMID- 3379476
TI  - Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery bypass: clinical pre- and
      postoperative angiographic correlation.
AB  - Between 1974 and 1982, an anastomosis between a pedicle of the superficial
      temporal artery (STA) and a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)
      was performed in 163 carotid systems in 157 patients for internal carotid artery
      occlusion in whom postoperative angiograms were available for analysis. The
      angiographic opacification of the arterial system was correlated with the
      patient's preoperative neurological function and stroke in the follow-up period.
      From this analysis, the following observations were made: 1) 96% of bypasses were
      patent; 2) 80% of bypasses achieved a high or medium MCA filling score; 3) there
      was hypertrophy of the STA in 70% of the cases; 4) greater bypass filling
      occurred in hemispheres with nonvisualized preoperative collateral circulation
      than in those with readily visualized collateral flow; 5) a meaningful
      correlation between angiographically assessed postoperative bypass function and
      stroke rate was not possible because only four patients suffered an ipsilateral
      hemispheric stroke in the 8-year follow-up period; and 6) patients who were
      neurologically unstable before the procedure were at greatest risk for a stroke
      in the follow-up period. It is apparent that objective analysis of the
      effectiveness of an STA-MCA bypass, or any other form of extracranial bypass,
      must await the development of new diagnostic studies in which high-resolution
      three-dimensional quantification of cerebral blood flow is possible. These
      studies will necessarily be correlated with preoperative and follow-up clinical
      data.

PMID- 3379477
TI  - Intrasellar cysticercosis.
AB  - Eight patients with cysticerci located inside the sella turcica are presented,
      and the clinical and radiological features of this rare form of
      neurocysticercosis are discussed. Clinical features included nonspecific
      ophthalmological and endocrinological disturbances similar to those produced by
      other sellar lesions. Computerized tomography (CT) usually showed a hypodense
      mass that simulated either a cystic tumor or an arachnoid cyst. Cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) findings were also nonspecific, as immunological reactions to
      cysticercosis were most often negative when inflammation was limited to
      suprasellar and intrasellar regions. An incorrect diagnosis of tumor was frequent
      in these cases. In contrast, when intrasellar cysticercosis was associated with
      other forms of neurocysticercosis, proper integration of CT and CSF data
      permitted an accurate diagnosis. Cysticercosis should be suspected in patients
      with hypodense juxtasellar lesions living in geographical areas where this
      disease is endemic. Prompt surgical resection of cysticerci will avoid
      irreversible damage to visual function.

PMID- 3379478
TI  - Isovolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Part 1: Effects
      on hemodynamics, hemorheology, and intracranial pressure.
AB  - A total of 76 splenectomized dogs were entered in a study of the value and
      effects of isovolemic hemodilution. Of these, seven were not included in the
      analysis because of technical errors. Of the remaining 69 dogs, 35 were treated
      with hemodilution; 28 were subjected to a 6-hour period of temporary occlusion of
      the distal internal carotid artery and the proximal middle cerebral artery, and
      seven underwent a sham operation only, with arterial manipulation but no
      occlusion. The other 34 dogs were not subjected to hemodilution; 26 of these
      underwent temporary arterial occlusion and eight had a sham operation only. In
      each group the animals were about equally divided into 1) an acute protocol with
      regional cerebral blood flow measurements by a radioactive microsphere technique
      and sacrifice at the end of the acute experiment, and 2) a chronic protocol with
      survival for 1 week to permit daily neurological assessment and final
      histopathological examination but without blood flow measurements. Isovolemic
      hemodilution was performed about 1 hour after the arterial occlusion or sham
      operation and was accomplished by phlebotomy and infusions of low molecular
      weight dextran to bring the hematocrit to a level of 30% to 32%. This treatment
      resulted in a very significant reduction in viscosity and fibrinogen levels. The
      decrease in hematocrit lasted throughout the week in the animals in the chronic
      protocol. The decrease in viscosity correlated almost linearly with the decrease
      in hematocrit. There was a slight decrease in systemic arterial pressure with
      hemodilution but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure or
      in pulmonary arterial or wedge pressure. There was a slight decrease in cardiac
      index in both the hemodilution and control groups, which may have been due to the
      effects of barbiturate anesthesia. There was a slight increase in the measured
      blood volume in both groups, which was probably artifactual and related to the
      method of calculation. Intracranial pressure increased significantly with time in
      all animals subjected to arterial occlusion, but this increase was less severe in
      the hemodilution group. There was no significant change in intracranial pressure
      in sham-operated animals, whether hemodiluted or not. The results of cerebral
      blood flow measurements, assessment of neurological conditions, and measurement
      of infarct size are given in Part 2 of this report.

PMID- 3379480
TI  - Pulmonary functional impairment by asbestos.

PMID- 3379479
TI  - Experimental vasospasm in cultured arterial smooth-muscle cells. Part 1:
      Contractile and ultrastructural changes caused by oxyhemoglobin.
AB  - Smooth-muscle cells were cultured from rat aortic media, then oxyhemoglobin and
      other agents including serotonin, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II were added
      separately to the medium. Contractile and ultrastructural changes of the cells
      were examined with electron microscopy during the first 2 weeks of incubation.
      Oxyhemoglobin not only produced progressive contraction of the arterial smooth
      muscle cells, but it also caused ultrastructural changes that resembled
      myonecrosis. In contrast, there was no evidence of progressive contraction or
      ultrastructural changes either in control cultures or in cultures with the other
      vasoactive agents. Although washout of oxyhemoglobin 3 hours after administration
      prevented continued contraction of the cells, washout 24 hours or longer after
      administration had no preventive effect. Judging from these results and from the
      fact that the culture medium was changed every 2 days, it is unlikely that
      accumulation of exogenous vasoactive agents caused these changes. The contraction
      and suggestive myonecrosis of the arterial smooth-muscle cells are probably
      caused by some intrinsic process initiated by oxyhemoglobin. The culture of
      cerebral arterial smooth-muscle cells requires further technical improvement;
      nevertheless, these results obtained with the smooth-muscle cells of rat aortic
      media indicate that arterial smooth-muscle cells in culture provide a promising
      new experimental model for chronic in vitro study of cerebral arterial spasm. It
      is suggested from these results that cerebral arteries are particularly prone to
      vasospasm because of structural differences as compared to noncerebral arteries.

PMID- 3379481
TI  - Serum bile acids in detecting early liver impairment.

PMID- 3379482
TI  - Polymer-fume fever.

PMID- 3379483
TI  - Drug screening practices in small businesses: a survey.

PMID- 3379484
TI  - Lithium battery hazard: old-fashioned planning implications of new technology.
AB  - Lithium battery technology has important military applications and will
      increasingly enter the civilian marketplace. In order to prevent explosive
      fragmentation under some circumstances of malfunction or misuse, lithium
      batteries are designed to vent externally in the event of malfunction. Depending
      on the chemistry and size of a venting lithium battery, the release of toxic
      gases such as sulfur dioxide or thionyl chloride may pose risks to exposed
      individuals, particularly in enclosed spaces. Chemical and thermal burns,
      laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, and bronchiolitis obliterans are potential
      outcomes. A case report is presented which illustrates the hazards. The hazards
      are not from unpredictable outcomes, but from failure to plan for predictable
      outcomes.

PMID- 3379485
TI  - Workplace smoking policies: attitudes of union members in a high-risk industry.
AB  - We surveyed members of a medium-size national union representing workers in high
      risk industries to assess workers' support for union and company programs to help
      smokers break the habit and policies that restrict smoking. Two surveys were
      conducted that involved 690 respondents in 1984 and 593 respondents in 1985.
      Respondents overwhelmingly (82%) favored restrictions on smoking in the workplace
      but less than half agreed that companies or unions should be concerned about
      workers smoking off the job. For both smokers and nonsmokers, beliefs that cancer
      has specific causes and can be prevented strongly predict support for workplace
      smoking control policies. Exposure to company occupational health training also
      influenced smokers and nonsmokers to support selected smoking control policies.
      These and other findings led to the conclusion that: (1) educating workers about
      cancer may promote support for smoking control policies, and (2) smoking control
      policies are more acceptable in the context of a strong company health and safety
      program.

PMID- 3379486
TI  - Alumina-related pulmonary disease.
AB  - A review of experimental studies suggests that the catalytically active low
      temperature transitional forms of alumina produces irreversible fibronodular
      change only when administered by intratracheal insufflation. Other aluminas not
      catalytically active but also broadly identified as "gamma" for different reasons
      also appear capable of inducing pulmonary fibrosis in the same model. Under
      conditions of human exposure, occupational exposure to a broad range of aluminas
      indicates--at most--minimal pulmonary nodular response.

PMID- 3379487
TI  - Prospective surveillance of semen quality in the workplace.
AB  - We performed a prospective surveillance of semen quality among workers in the
      plant where 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane was first recognized as an occupational
      cause of impaired semen quality and of infertility. All male employees of the
      Agricultural Chemical Division were required to participate. Ninety-seven workers
      (92% participation) provided 258 semen samples over the 4 years of the program.
      Most samples were analyzed at the plant with a mini-laboratory designed for the
      study. Motility and shape measures were made objectively. Sixty-six subjects
      (68%) were non-azoospermic. Generalized multiple regression showed no significant
      predictors for any response, with the exception of the motility measures, which
      were reduced with longer times between ejaculation and assay. Between- and within
      person standard deviations and correlations were calculated. Comparison of this
      population with fertile artificial insemination donors (16 men, 498 ejaculates)
      revealed generally higher ejaculate-to-ejaculate standard deviations in the
      worker samples. This is probably due to less well controlled conditions of sperm
      collection in the workplace setting. For cross-sectional studies, one ejaculate
      per worker is recommended as sufficient; for estimating an individual worker's
      mean, even three ejaculates may not provide enough precision.

PMID- 3379488
TI  - Do pleural plaques produce symptoms? A brief report.
AB  - The occurrence of symptoms due to pleural plaques was studied by means of a
      questionnaire administered to asbestos-exposed workers participating in a health
      screening program. One hundred thirty subjects who were found to have pleural
      plaques were compared with 1,103 control subjects who had no plaques and showed
      no changes on x-ray examination. No difference in occurrence of thoracic pain was
      found between the two groups. Dyspnea was more common among patients with pleural
      plaques, who also tended to have lower lung function values. There was a good
      correlation between reported dyspnea and lung function. The increased number of
      complaints of dyspnea among patients with pleural plaques could not be explained
      by differences in age or in smoking habits. It is suggested that dyspnea in
      patients with pleural plaques is caused by sub-roentgenologic fibrosis.

PMID- 3379489
TI  - Availability and accuracy of cancer and smoking data obtained from next of kin
      for decedents in a retrospective cohort study.
AB  - We report on the availability and accuracy of next-of-kin data on 372 decedents
      gathered in the conduct of a retrospective cancer incidence study. Two mailed
      questionnaires were followed by phone calls for nonrespondents. The overall
      response rate for the next of kin of decedents was 59%, markedly less than the
      79% response rate for living cohort members. Validity of data provided by next of
      kin regarding cancer incidence and smoking habits of the decedents was assessed
      via a comparison with medical records, which were considered accurate for the
      purposes of this comparison. For the 117 men for whom we had both types of
      records, next of kin were generally able to report accurately both whether the
      decedent ever had cancer (91% agreement) and the cancer type (84% agreement).
      Next-of-kin data generally agreed with medical record data for number of years
      smoked or for number of years since quitting, whereas next of kin underreported
      the amount smoked by decedents. The difficulty in contacting next of kin and
      their frequent inability to provide detailed and accurate information on smoking
      may make it difficult to adjust for confounding by smoking in nested case-control
      studies.

PMID- 3379490
TI  - Quality of life following intensive care.
AB  - Evaluations of intensive care have largely focused on survival, cost, or
      functional status; however, these may not be the only outcomes of interest to
      patients, families, and health care providers. Quality of life is an important
      consideration in evaluating intensive care because it influences decisions about
      the use of life-sustaining treatment. A study was conducted to assess the quality
      of life of survivors of intensive care to determine the relationship of perceived
      quality of life to other outcomes of intensive care. Patients at least 55 years
      old who received medical intensive care during 1983 (n = 69) were interviewed to
      determine social characteristics, functional status, psychological well-being,
      and their perceived quality of life using a new 11-item Perceived Quality of Life
      scale. Functional status correlated only moderately with perceived quality of
      life (r = 0.49, p = 0.0001). Objective measures of patients' material and social
      resources did not predict satisfaction. To evaluate outcome adequately, it is
      necessary to assess perceptions of life quality from patients who have received
      life-sustaining treatment.

PMID- 3379491
TI  - Patient priorities for behavioral change: selecting from multiple coronary
      disease risk factors.
AB  - When a physician advises a patient to modify unhealthy behaviors, the physician
      may be tempted to prescribe a target for change by selecting the single "risk
      factor" that poses the greatest threat to health. The present study was conducted
      to determine how frequently a statistical approach to health risk appraisal would
      conflict with a patient's priorities for lifestyle change, even when the patient
      was fully informed of the rationale for the advice. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
      risk factor assessment was performed using the American Heart Association's RISKO
      scale, a validated health risk appraisal instrument. Two hundred forty-one
      patients were seen in an ambulatory clinic that specialized in heart disease
      prevention. Risk of CAD was estimated based on age, sex, smoking status, blood
      pressure, body weight, and serum cholesterol. Using RISKO, patients were told
      which single risk factor posed the greatest threat to health; patients then
      selected a personal priority for risk factor intervention. The overall rate of
      agreement between the patients' priorities and RISKO targets was 63%. If weight
      loss is considered a nonpharmacologic "target" for controlling hypertension, then
      the agreement rate rises to 70%. Disagreement was observed even though patients
      were fully informed of the relative importance of all possible risk factor
      choices. Since risk factor intervention efforts are less successful unless the
      target of the intervention is negotiated with the patient, these data should be
      of clinical importance in devising plans for behavioral change interventions by
      practitioners.

PMID- 3379492
TI  - Lengths of stay of patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction at
      three Boston hospitals: impact of pre-discharge tactics.
AB  - Variability in length of stay (LOS) and its determinants were studied in 60
      patients without complications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at three
      teaching hospitals. The patients at the three hospitals had similar clinical
      presentations and in-hospital courses. However, 81% of patients admitted to the
      intensive care unit (ICU) at one hospital were transferred to lower levels of
      care within 48 hours, compared with 40% and 56% at the other two hospitals (p
      less than 0.05). Patients who underwent pre-discharge exercise tests (ETT) had a
      longer total LOS than patients who did not (11.9 +/- 4.3 vs 9.2 +/- 2.9 days; p
      less than 0.01). Similarly, patients who underwent 24-hour ambulatory monitoring
      (AMB-MON) had a longer total LOS than patients who did not (12.3 +/- 4.3 vs 9.1
      +/- 2.8 days; p less than 0.001). No differences in clinical characteristics or
      in survival at six months were detected between patients who did and did not
      undergo ETT or AMB-MON. Total LOS correlated with whether patients underwent 0,
      1, or both of these tests (p less than 0.0001); each test was associated with a
      2.3-day increase in the duration of hospitalization. The authors conclude that
      such tests may prolong total LOS of patients without complications after AMI.

PMID- 3379493
TI  - Urgency in seeking medical care for specific symptoms: perceptions of physicians
      and patients.
AB  - A patient's appraisal of symptom significance is important to the timeliness with
      which care is sought. Little is known, however, about the variations in patients'
      responses to symptoms and the factors determining variations. To assess lay
      individuals' perception of the importance of symptoms, 75 private and 75 clinic
      outpatients and 73 inpatients were surveyed on 13 sets of hypothetical symptoms
      to determine whether they would seek care immediately, call for an appointment,
      or wait and see. All sets of symptoms were adjudged to be clinically significant
      by a panel of three physicians. Twenty-one other physicians were surveyed using
      the same questionnaire. Weighted mean responses of patients and physicians
      differed on seven symptoms. Physicians recommended more immediate care for
      symptoms suggestive of impending heart attack and stroke than did patients, and
      patients indicated that they would seek care earlier than physicians for less
      serious symptoms. Clinic patients would seek immediate care for symptoms more
      often than other patient groups. Nonwhites and those with less formal education
      reported greater urgency in seeking care for six symptoms. The results indicate
      that patients may not agree with physicians in the way they interpret symptoms of
      disease and that symptom appraisal may differ depending on patients'
      sociodemographic characteristics.

PMID- 3379495
TI  - The practice of medicine on the telephone.

PMID- 3379494
TI  - The medicalization of normal variants: the case of mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - Mild mitral valve prolapse, hypoglycemia, irritable colon, and premenstrual
      syndrome are examples of anatomico-physiologic phenomena that largely overlap
      with normal. Such "overlap syndromes" become labeled disease entities by the
      medical community through a process called medicalization. This report uses
      mitral valve prolapse (MVP) to exemplify the effects of medicalization on
      patients, physicians, and society. Ascertainment bias and insufficient controlled
      clinical studies have led to the description of a clinical entity replete with
      false associations (e.g., mitral valve prolapse syndrome) and overly pessimistic
      prognostication (e.g., risk of sudden death or endocarditis), leading to clinical
      overreaction, overtreatment, and unnecessary induction of disability. Though some
      physical complications may be prevented by recognizing severe MVP, there is
      substantial risk of iatrogenic harm by attributing complex symptoms and illness
      behavior to mild MVP, which is probably a normal variant. A three-dimensional
      analysis of illness experience is presented that may be of use in conceptualizing
      the clinical approach to overlap syndromes such as mild MVP. Conservative
      criteria for the diagnosis of significant MVP have been developed at the National
      Institutes of Health. Treatment of patients with mild MVP must emphasize that it
      is a normal variant without serious consequences. Because the risks of
      overmedicalization are so substantial, the impact of diagnostic labels on
      individual patients and society must be analyzed continually.

PMID- 3379496
TI  - Epidemiologic methods and methodologic vigilance.

PMID- 3379497
TI  - The likelihood of bacteremia.

PMID- 3379498
TI  - "Do not resuscitate" decisions.

PMID- 3379499
TI  - Information obtained from patients.

PMID- 3379500
TI  - Dynamic pretest probability.

PMID- 3379501
TI  - Phasing in SI units.

PMID- 3379502
TI  - Synovial membrane and cartilage changes in experimental osteoarthrosis.
AB  - The Hulth instability model was performed on 25 rabbit knee joints. Electron
      microscopic, light-microscopic, and histomorphometric data demonstrated
      consistent chondrocyte alterations and cartilage destruction. The comparison
      between operated, sham, and control knees shows that surgical intervention
      without surgically induced instability is followed by changes in the synovial
      membrane and cartilage. The cartilage destruction is preceded by a synovial
      reaction, suggesting that the inflammatory response has an important role in the
      onset of cartilage damage in this model. The damage was more severe in the
      experimental knees, suggesting that mechanical instability is also a factor in
      cartilage destruction.

PMID- 3379503
TI  - Contact pressures in chondromalacia patellae and the effects of capsular
      reconstructive procedures.
AB  - We measured patellofemoral contact areas and pressures using pressure sensitive
      film in ten human cadaver knees exhibiting degenerative lesions of patellar
      cartilage. We studied a flexion range from 20 degrees to 90 degrees and compared
      contact pressures before and after capsular reconstructive procedures. With an
      intact, normal capsule, localized lesions of grade I-II exhibited a 50% reduction
      in pressure (from 3.4 +/- 0.7 MPa to 1.6 +/- 0.9 MPa) directly over the lesion.
      Grade III-IV lesions exhibited a loss of contact pressure greater than 90%. This
      reduction in pressure appears to result from a loss of stiffness in the low-grade
      cartilage lesions and from a loss of cartilage thickness in higher grade lesions.
      Highly localized peak pressures were also observed on the normal cartilage
      bordering the lesions. Capsular reconstructive procedures (medial plication,
      lateral plication, lateral release, and bilateral release) did not result in
      consistent pressure reductions or in the creation of more uniform pressure
      distributions. In particular, lateral capsular release, a popular surgical
      procedure, resulted in no change in three knees and four different pressure
      patterns in the other seven knees.

PMID- 3379504
TI  - Pressure distribution in the wrist joint.
AB  - We performed a study to determine pressure distribution properties of the normal
      radio-carpal joint. A system was developed for measurement of the contact
      pressure within the wrist joint surfaces. The transducer was based on Fuji
      pressure-sensitive paper, which was inserted into the joint space through a
      dorsal capsular incision. The hand was then positioned using a jig that permitted
      free axial loading of the joint. Each of five specimens was tested in 36
      positions combining flexion/extension with radio/ulnar deviation and
      supination/pronation. The transducers were analyzed for contact area, scapho
      lunate contact area ratio, pressure, and centroid locations using a microcomputer
      based video-imaging system. The scaphoid and lunate contact areas on the radius
      and triangular fibrocartilage were separate and distinct in all wrist positions.
      Together these contact areas accounted for a relatively small fraction of the
      total joint surface area (average contact area/total joint area = 0.206, SD =
      0.0495). For an applied 103 Newton compressive load, the high pressure averaged
      3.17 MPa (SD = 0.83 MPa). Overall, the scaphoid contact area was 1.47 times that
      of the lunate, although variations occurred with position, as in flexion, in
      which the scaphoid/lunate area ratio was 0.83. The high-pressure centroids of
      both scaphoid and lunate contact areas shifted palmarly from 20 degrees of
      flexion to 20 degrees of extension and then dorsally with further extension. The
      scaphoid-lunate intercentroid distance averaged 14.91 mm with a range of 10-20
      mm.

PMID- 3379505
TI  - Stimulation of matrix formation in rabbit chondrocyte cultures by ascorbate. 2.
      Characterization of proteoglycans.
AB  - The effect of ascorbate on the proteoglycans synthesized by rabbit articular
      chondrocytes was studied in first- and third-passage cultures for 12 and 26 days
      total duration, respectively. L-Ascorbate (0.2 mM) was added daily to half of the
      flasks after attachment of the cells. The cultures were labeled with Na2[35S]O4
      or [14C]-glucosamine and [3H]-proline. Proteoglycans were isolated from the media
      and pericellular matrices by dissociative extraction and associative density
      gradient centrifugation. There was a large decline in the amount of proteoglycan
      synthesized between early and late cultures. Ascorbate increased the DNA content,
      amount of radiosulfate incorporated into glycosaminoglycans per microgram of DNA,
      and the proportion of labeled proteoglycan in the pericellular fraction of both
      short- and long-term cultures. The proteoglycans of the media and matrices of all
      cultures, with and without ascorbate, eluted as aggregates under associative
      column chromatographic conditions. The proteoglycans of 26-day cultures exhibited
      a higher degree of polydispersity in size than those of the short-term culture
      and contained small amounts of keratan (2-5%) and dermatan sulfate (4-8%) as
      assessed by keratanase and chondroitinase digestions, respectively. The effect of
      ascorbate, therefore, was to increase the amount of proteoglycan formed and to
      direct it into matrix deposition rather than to alter its quality.

PMID- 3379506
TI  - Wound healing in the bone chamber 1. Neoosteogenesis during transition from the
      repair to the regenerative phase in the rabbit tibial cortex.
AB  - The optical bone chamber technique that includes intravital microscopy is
      described and is then applied to measuring primary wound healing neoostogenesis
      in rabbit tibia cortical bone during the period when fibrovascular tissue is
      being replaced by regenerating osteovascular tissue. The small population of
      rabbits sampled allowed only tentative conclusions. The quantitative
      measurements, a direct from of histomorphometry, are applied to determine the
      consistency of observations, with the hypothesis that healing into the bone
      chamber slit-gap follows the pattern of primary bone regeneration established as
      "characteristic" by other studies. The results supported the hypothesis and
      showed that bony ingrowth started during the third postoperative week (W3) with a
      maximum linear growth rate of 85.5 micron/day for a bone front. Evidence for
      remodeling by W6 was also obtained. While the bone chamber environment for tissue
      ingrowth is artificial, it can generate quantitative data that may provide a
      statistically valid basis for modeling pathophysiologic processes associated with
      bone wound healing.

PMID- 3379507
TI  - Strength reduction and the effects of treatment of long bones with diaphyseal
      defects involving 50% of the cortex.
AB  - Currently, three criteria are accepted as indications for prophylactic internal
      fixation of metastatic disease in long bone, including lesions (a) destroying 50%
      or more of the cortex; (b) 2.5 cm or greater in diameter; or (c) with pain
      unrelieved by radiation therapy. Using an oblong defect configuration in which
      one half of the cross-sectional area was destroyed, canine femora were torsion
      tested at high speed to determine (a) the actual strength reduction incurred by a
      lesion destroying 50% of the cortical circumference, and (b) the effects and
      benefits of internal fixation using polymethylmethacrylate and/or a six-hole
      compression plate on such a defect. The femurs with a 50% circumferential
      cortical defect demonstrated only 12.7 +/- 3.8% of intact strength. Defects
      treated with a combination of plating (all screws bicortical) and
      polymethylmethacrylate (torque to failure 4.39 +/- 0.90 times greater than the
      defect alone or TE/TD = 4.39 +/- 0.90) were statistically stronger than defects
      treated with polymethylmethacrylate alone (TE/TD = 2.48 +/- 0.66; p less than
      0.025) or by plating alone (TE/TD = 2.61 +/- 0.91; p less than 0.025), but torque
      to-failure was only increased to approximately 56% of an intact bone. Plated
      intact bones (TE/TD = 5.33 +/- 0.41) were significantly weaker than intact bones
      (TE/TD = 8.50 +/- 2.52; p less than 0.001). Our results substantiate the need for
      using polymethylmethacrylate and internal fixation in combination when
      prophylactically fixing pathologic lesions of this proportion.

PMID- 3379508
TI  - Loading-related reorientation of bone proteoglycan in vivo. Strain memory in bone
      tissue?
AB  - The load-carrying capacity of the skeleton is achieved and maintained as the
      result of a continued functional stimulus to the cell populations responsible for
      bone remodeling. Although some bone cells have been assumed to be influenced by
      the load-induced changes in strain throughout the matrix, no evidence is
      available to indicate which cells are susceptible to such strain change or how
      such transient events provide a sustained influence on cell behaviour. In the
      present study, we showed that a short period of dynamic loading in vivo affects
      the orientation of proteoglycan within bone tissue. This reorientation declines
      only slowly, thus providing a persistent record of the tissue's recent strain
      history. Such a record has the ability not only to "capture" strain transients
      but also to "update" and "average" them. In this way, the bone cells could be
      presented with a sustained and coherent stimulus directly related to dynamic
      strain transients. These transients are the tissue's principal function variable.

PMID- 3379509
TI  - Calcium incorporation in cultured chondroblasts perturbed by an electromagnetic
      field.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that electric perturbation influences 45Ca incorporation
      in extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage in vitro. Hypertrophic chondroblasts
      of tibial epiphyses (HC), sternum (SC), and skin fibroblasts (F) were cultured
      from chick embryos. HC, SC, and F cells were micromass seeded three times per
      week and maintained at 37.5 degrees C with 5% CO2 for two weeks. Cultures were
      randomly designated control (C) or exposed (E) to a pulsed electromagnetic field
      (PEMF). A time course experiment of calcium incorporation for all cultured groups
      showed that 24 h of exposure produced the largest biological response in
      chondroblasts. Calcium incorporation required supplemental phosphate.
      Autoradiography data indicated that the calcium incorporation into macromolecules
      largely occurred in the ECM. 45Ca steady-state perturbation was enhanced by
      Streptomyces hyaluronidase (SH) but not by testicular hyaluronidase (TH). 45Ca
      incorporation experiments tested the effects of phosphate, SH, TH, and PEMF alone
      and in various combinations on these cultures. Only PEMF or SH plus PEMF with
      phosphate enhanced 45Ca incorporation. Other experiments examined the effect of
      rotenone or freeze-thawing on cells exposed to PEMF. PEMF plus freeze-thaw
      enhanced calcium incorporation in HC only. PEMF appeared to cause disruption of
      the ECM, enhancing the probability of matrix calcification.

PMID- 3379510
TI  - In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials.
AB  - Two models were used to study fretting corrosion of surgical alloys. In the
      first, the amount of load and motion between plates and screws was controlled,
      and corrosion rates of stainless steel and MP35N were determined by measurements
      of component weight loss and metal ion concentration in the test solutions.
      Stainless steel had the higher rate of fretting corrosion. The addition of 10%
      serum to saline resulted in a significant reduction of the corrosion rate of
      stainless steel and MP35N. The use of stainless steel screws in a mixed-metal
      combination with MP35N and titanium plates showed minimal effects on the
      performance of the stainless steel screws but an increase in fretting corrosion
      of the MP35N plates. In the second model, plates were applied to glass fiber
      reinforced plastic tubes as bone analogues and subjected to cyclic axial loads.
      These results demonstrated a reduction in fretting corrosion rates associated
      with an increase in screw torque and a decrease in axial load. Corrosion rates
      were minimal with intact tubes simulating healed fractures and greatest with an
      oblique-cut fracture simulation. These models have proven useful for the
      evaluation of fretting corrosion rates of different alloys and for evaluation of
      variables such as fracture stability.

PMID- 3379511
TI  - Sustained pressurization of polymethylmethacrylate: a comparison of low- and
      moderate-viscosity bone cements.
AB  - There is at present great uncertainty relating to the fixation of joint implants.
      The deficiencies of acrylic bone cement are well documented, but the limitations
      of cementless fixation are as yet imcompletely identified. The purpose of this
      study was to investigate the potential of sustained external pressurization to
      improve the mechanical characteristics of conventional acrylic bone cement. The
      effect of serially increasing sustained pressurization of two commerically
      available acrylic bone cements (Simplex-P and LVC) was evaluated in human cadaver
      femora. A new method for determination of the shear strength of the bone-cement
      interface in place of the traditional pushout tests was used. In this model,
      there was a significant increase in the bone-cement interfacial shear strength
      with increasing pressure, but no difference in the shear strength was found
      between the two cements. At all pressure levels, the shear strength of the cement
      was greater than that previously reported. Increased cement penetration into the
      cortical bone was demonstrated with increasing pressure and low-viscosity cement,
      but the extent of cement penetration did not correlate with the shear strength of
      the bone-cement interface.

PMID- 3379513
TI  - Ligament length relationships in the moving knee.
AB  - This article presents an investigation of potential ligament attachment sites for
      surgical reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments as well
      as for the lateral extraarticular iliotibial band tenodesis. Our methodology was
      based on quantitative measurements of knee anatomy and motion in fresh cadavers,
      not on biomechanical modeling. Using computer search techniques, we located all
      the ligament insertion sites that were nearly isometric for motion of the intact
      knee.

PMID- 3379512
TI  - Antibiotic release from an experimental biodegradable bone cement.
AB  - An experimental biodegradable bone cement [poly(propylene fumarate)
      methylmethacrylate] (PPF-MMA) has been compared in vivo with
      polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a carrier agent for local release of
      antibiotics. This approach is potentially applicable to the treatment of chronic
      osteomyelitis where the clinical goal is to achieve sustained high concentrations
      of antibiotics locally in the infected bone. In our experiments, gentamicin- and
      vancomycin-impregnated cylindrical PMMA and PPF-MMA cement specimens were
      implanted subcutaneously in rats, and blood and wound fluid samples were obtained
      over a 2-week period. Antibiotic levels were determined using immunoassays, and
      microbiologic activity was confirmed with agar diffusion techniques. The
      biodegradable PPF-MMA cement achieved and maintained considerably higher wound
      antibiotic levels than did PMMA cement. Vancomycin levels for the PPF-MMA cement
      were greater than 20 times those for the PMMA cement at all sampling times from
      24 h to 14 days. For both cements, the serum antibiotic concentrations remained
      safely below maximum levels recommended for parenteral therapy. Mechanical
      testing of the PPF-MMA cement showed that admixture of 3% by weight of antibiotic
      did not adversely affect material properties. We conclude that this experimental
      biodegradable bone cement (PPF-MMA) can be used as a carrier to achieve high
      sustained local levels and low serum levels of antibiotics. Because it is
      biodegradable and thus does not require a secondary procedure for removal, it has
      special potential for use in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3379514
TI  - Kinematics of the cervical spine: effects of multiple total laminectomy and facet
      wiring.
AB  - The effect of multiple-level total laminectomies followed by stabilization on the
      load-deformation behavior of the cervical spine is described. Fresh human
      ligamentous cervical spines (C2-T2) were potted and clinically relevant load
      types applied via a loading frame attached to the C-2 vertebra of the specimen. A
      set of three infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached rigidly to each
      of five vertebrae (C3-7) to record their spatial locations after each load step
      application, using a Selspot II system. The specimen was tested again after total
      laminectomy performed on C5. The supraspinous, interspinous, and flavum ligaments
      between the C4-5 and C5-6 motion segments were cut; thereafter, the vertebral
      arch was removed. The specimen testing was resumed after inducing injury at C-6
      in a similar fashion. The specimen was stabilized, using a facet wiring
      construct, across the C4-7 segment before testing for the final time. The load
      deformation data of the injured and stabilized tests were normalized with regard
      to the corresponding results of the intact test. In flexion-extension mode, an
      increase in motion of about 10% after laminectomies was observed. Facet wiring
      was found to be an effective technique to stabilize injured cervical spines
      (approximately equal to 80% reduction in motion, compared with intact spines, was
      observed.

PMID- 3379515
TI  - Malignant lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with prominent splenomegaly (primary
      lymphoma of the spleen).
AB  - Eleven patients (age range 51-65 years) presenting with primary splenic lymphoma
      of lymphoplasmacytic type are described, together with detailed histological,
      immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings. The subclassification of this
      type of lymphoma is considered, and the prognosis discussed.

PMID- 3379516
TI  - Fatal Legionnaires' pneumonia: frequency of legionellosis in autopsied patients
      with pneumonia from 1969 to 1985.
AB  - In 89 of 3027 (2.9 per cent) patients in whom pneumonia was found at autopsy
      during the period from 1969 to 1985, legionella pneumonia was diagnosed.
      Legionellae were demonstrated through the direct fluorescent antibody test by
      screening lung tissue sections. All 89 cases were caused by Legionella
      pneumophila. Suspicious typical rod-shaped organisms were demonstrated in all
      cases by the modified Dieterle stain whereas conventional histological stains
      failed to detect causative bacteria. The frequency per year of legionellosis in
      patients with pneumonia at autopsy ranged from 1.4 per cent (3/212 cases) to 6.8
      per cent (12/177 cases). In patients who have died of unexplained pneumonia,
      examinations for the demonstration of legionellae should be carried out.

PMID- 3379517
TI  - The fine structure and histochemistry of human bile duct in obstruction and
      choledocholithiasis.
AB  - Biopsies from the common bile ducts from seven patients undergoing surgery for
      biliary obstruction due to stones or malignancy were studied histochemically and
      electron microscopically. The surface of the bile duct is lined by a tall
      epithelium which extends into diverticula. Apically, they contain some neutral
      and sialated mucosubstances. Fucosyl residues were found in the Golgi apparatus
      and along the apical cell membrane. The latter is lined by microvilli. There was
      a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and a small
      number of apical secretory droplets. Large numbers of lipid droplets were present
      basally in some cells. Lipid-containing macrophages were also seen intra
      epithelially and in the lamina propria. This suggests a possible pathway for
      lipid transport. The glands were lined by cuboidal cells, some containing much
      mucus--sulphated, sialated, and neutral with a basal nucleus. A well-developed
      endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were found with abundant secretory
      droplets. The glandular epithelium contained lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and
      alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. These may play a protective role. The lamina propria
      contained scattered smooth muscle cells amongst the fibroblasts and inflammatory
      cells.

PMID- 3379518
TI  - Pathology and the undergraduate curriculum.

PMID- 3379519
TI  - Xenografting of normal colonic mucosa in athymic mice.
AB  - Colonic mucosa was implanted subcutaneously into nude mice in order to
      investigate the potential use of xenografts as an in vivo model system for the
      study of colonic epithelial proliferation and differentiation. The xenografts
      were followed for 5 weeks. Proliferation was studied by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)
      incorporation followed by visualization of the DNA-synthesizing cells with an
      anti BrdU monoclonal antibody. Differentiated cells were visualized by
      histochemical staining of goblet- and enterochromaffin cells and of columnar
      cells by immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), secretory
      component, and serotonin. In different strains of mice different observations
      were made. Less immunocompetent strains (Balb c nu/nu, NMRI nu/nu) developed
      abscesses at the site of the xenograft as well as wasting disease. These
      phenomena almost never occurred in CD-1 nu/nu mice. The success rate was highest
      in CD-1 nu/nu mice. After about 1 week, only crypt base cells remained vital and
      started to repopulate crypts with epithelial cells showing normal colonic
      differentiation features such as CEA, secretory component, and serotonin
      immunoreactivity and mainly sulphomucin production. After longer periods of time,
      crypts started to form cyst-like structures due to accumulation of secretion
      products and dead cells. DNA-synthesizing cells were seen in the basal areas of
      recognizable crypts and in the cyst-like structures in a random distribution.
      These results indicate that normal colon mucosa xenografted into nude mice
      maintains its proliferative and differentiating capacity for at least 5 weeks.

PMID- 3379520
TI  - How do we teach pathology? Undergraduate pathology at Queen's University,
      Belfast.

PMID- 3379521
TI  - Analysis of glutathione-enhanced differentiation by microfilariae of Onchocerca
      lienalis (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in vitro.
AB  - Reduced glutathione (GSH), but not its oxidized form (GSSG), stimulated
      development of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae to the late first-larval stage
      in vitro. The degree and frequency of development was dose-related with a peak of
      activity at 15 mM, a concentration that is similar to known intracellular levels
      of GSH. To determine the mode(s) of action of this multifunctional compound,
      other reducing agents (L-cysteine, dithiothreitol), cysteine delivery agents (N
      acetyl-L-cysteine, L-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4
      carboxylic acid), cysteine analogues (S-methyl-L-cysteine, D-glucose-L-cysteine,
      cysteine ethyl ester), free-component amino acids of GSH (glutamic acid,
      cysteine, and glycine), a specific metabolic inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl
      synthetase (buthionine sulfoximine), and an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl
      transpeptidase (gamma-glutamyl glutamic acid) were also tested at concentrations
      of 0.01-50 mM in this system. N-acetyl-L-cysteine at 1-5 mM and D-glucose-L
      cysteine at 2.5-10 mM significantly enhanced development. In contrast to those
      worms maintained in GSH-supplemented medium, microfilariae exposed to GSH for
      only the first 24 hr showed no enhancement by day 7 in culture. Neither
      buthionine sulfoximine nor gamma-glutamyl glutamic acid at 0.01-35 mM inhibited
      the effects of 15 mM GSH or 1 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Results indicate that GSH
      or other cysteine analogues possessing a free sulfhydryl group must be present in
      the extranematodal environment to support microfilarial differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 3379522
TI  - Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein, 1972, from the paca, Cuniculus paca L.
      (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), in the Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
AB  - Among approximately 2,000 mammals examined for helminths in various regions of
      Bolivia during 1983-1987, cysts of Echinococcus vogeli Rausch and Bernstein,
      1972, were found in a single paca, Cuniculus paca L., collected at La Laguna,
      Departamento de Santa Cruz (lat. 16 degrees 36'W; long. 62 degrees 42'S). This
      record, the first from Bolivia, represents a considerable extension of the known
      geographic range of this species in South America. Upon analysis of the
      morphologic characteristics of the protoscoleces derived from the cysts, the
      sizes of rostellar hooks from the material from the paca were found to be well
      within the ranges reported in previous studies. Statistical analysis of frequency
      distributions of hook characteristics revealed some deviations from normality.
      These results indicate that parametric statistics should be applied with caution
      in analyses of inter-and intraspecific variation of morphologic characteristics
      of hooks of metacestodes of the genus Echinococcus.

PMID- 3379523
TI  - Influence of immunizing dose and presence or absence of adult worms on the
      development of resistance to Nematospiroides dubius challenge infections of mice.
AB  - H-2 congenic strains expressing resistant (H-2q, H-2f) or susceptible (H-2k)
      haplotypes were compared for their ability to resist challenge infection with N.
      dubius following a 6- or 14-day ivermectin-abbreviated immunizing infection.
      B10.BR mice (H-2k) were considerably more resistant to infection when the priming
      interval was shortened from 14 to 6 days. B10.Q (H-2q) and B10.M (H-2f) mice
      resisted challenge regardless of which immunization regimen was used. The
      influence of parasite numbers on the response to challenge was studied by
      comparing infections in resistant DBA/1 (H-2q) and susceptible CBA/J (H-2k) mice
      that differ at both H-2 and non-H-2 genes. DBA/1 mice, immunized with 50 or 150
      L3 of N. dubius for 14 days, resisted challenge, whereas mice receiving 300 worms
      did not. In contrast, CBA/J mice failed to resist challenge at all priming doses
      tested. When the immunizing infection was shortened from 14 to 6 days, DBA/1 mice
      resisted challenge regardless of priming dose and CBA/J mice resisted challenge
      only when the highest dose of 300 worms was used for priming. The data suggest
      that susceptible strains of mice may be preferentially immunosuppressed,
      particularly at low infective doses, and that suppression is associated with
      adult worms present in the lumen of the small intestine.

PMID- 3379524
TI  - Ultrastructure of the encapsulation of Plasmodium cynomolgi (B strain) on the
      midgut of a refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae.
AB  - Using transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the encapsulation of the
      simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgi, in a refractory strain of the
      mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. After the ookinete penetrates the mosquito midgut
      epithelium and lodges between the basal membrane and the basal lamina, an
      electron-dense, melanin-like substance begins to coalesce around the parasite.
      Completely encapsulated parasites were found as early as 16 hr after the blood
      meal. Granules of the melanin-like substance often appeared to condense onto the
      parasite from the fluid in the extracellular spaces of the basal membrane
      labyrinth. Melanin granules also appeared to condense from the hemolymph onto the
      basal lamina underlying the parasite. In addition, groups of tubules, vesicles,
      and membranous whorls often were found in midgut cells that were located next to
      or were enclosing parasites. These structures were unusually electron-dense, and
      may have been associated with melanization. Hemocytes rarely were observed near
      completed capsules and neither hemocytes nor their remnants were components of
      the capsules. During later stages of encapsulation, parasites appeared abnormal
      and often were infiltrated with melanin. Although late-stage capsules were
      usually located basally, completed capsules enclosed by membranes were
      occasionally observed near the apical border of the midgut. Other capsules
      associated with cellular debris, were found in the lumen of the midgut from 1 to
      6 days after the blood meal.

PMID- 3379526
TI  - Rhinebothrium devaneyi n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and Echinocephalus
      overstreeti Deardorff and Ko, 1983 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in a thorny back
      ray, Urogymnus asperrimus, from Enewetak Atoll, with phylogenetic analysis of
      both species groups.
AB  - The new species is a member of an apparently monophyletic group within the genus
      that includes R. flexile, R. walga, R. himanturi, R. burgeri, R. euzeti, R.
      hawaiiensis, R. urobatidium, R. paratrygoni, R. ditesticulum, R. tetralobatum, R.
      margaritense, R. biorchidum, and R. spinicephalum. All of these species have
      bothridia with medial longitudinal septa, a constriction at mid-bothridium, and,
      primitively, at least 42 loculi per bothridium and 17-22 testes per proglottid.
      Of the above, the new species is apparently most closely related to R. burgeri,
      with which it shares an increased number of testes (30-43) per proglottid, a V
      shaped ovary, and a muscular genital pore. The new species is distinct by virtue
      of possessing 94-152 loculi per bothridium--no other known species has more than
      78. This is the second report of Echinocephalus overstreeti from a stingray. It
      represents a new host, U. asperrimus, and a new location, Enewetak Atoll.
      Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of each species group suggests an ancient
      Tethys Sea-circum-Pacific origin and evolution. This supports the hypothesis of
      ancient Pacific origins for potamotrygonid stingrays.

PMID- 3379525
TI  - Characterization of the accessory layer of the cuticle of muscle larvae of
      Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - The accessory layer of the cuticle of infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis
      has been studied with electron microscopy using cytochemical techniques and
      chemical extractions. The accessory layer lacks negative charges and
      carbohydrates demonstrable in vivo. Staining with ruthenium red and tannic acid
      is interpreted as being consistent with their reactions with phospholipids.
      Freeze fractures demonstrate an external layer of granules that can be partially
      released by means of detergents (CTAB and SDS). The granules are considered to be
      proteins. Their removal makes the worms acid sensitive and prevents them from
      infecting mice. Extraction of whole worms with ethanol, acetone and methanol (via
      reaction with 2,2-DMP), or chloroform and methanol destroys an internal layer of
      filaments. Thin-layer chromatography of chloroform/methanol extracts showed
      principally ethanolamine phospholipids from the surface of the worms. A model is
      presented for the molecular organization of the accessory layer. Ethanolamine
      phospholipids are suggested to occur as tubular micelles. Proteins may attach to
      these by lipophilic moieties and perhaps by a cryptic sugar group (demonstrated
      by others) that may penetrate into the hydrophilic core of the lipid micelles.

PMID- 3379527
TI  - Schistosoma malayensis n. sp.: a Schistosoma japonicum-complex schistosome from
      Peninsular Malaysia.
AB  - Schistosoma malayensis n. sp., a member of the Schistosoma japonicum complex is
      described from Rattus muelleri in Peninsular Malaysia and 2 strains are
      characterized. The only morphological differences noted among adults from natural
      hosts were that S. malayensis are in general smaller than S. mekongi and S.
      japonicum. But these differences may be the result of host-induced variations and
      therefore are of little taxonomic value. To minimize the effects of host-induced
      variations, adult worms recovered from laboratory mice with similar worm burdens
      at 50-56 days postinfection were compared. These comparisons revealed only minor
      morphometric differences among these 3 species. Schistosoma malayensis eggs from
      naturally and experimentally infected hosts are most similar to those of S.
      mekongi, with eggs of both species being, in general, smaller than those of S.
      japonicum. The egg index for S. malayensis is usually higher than for S.
      japonicum and lower than for S. mekongi. Differences were noted in the
      developmental rates in mice for 2 isolates of S. malayensis, S. mekongi, and S.
      japonicum (Philippine strain), but relatively large differences observed between
      isolates of S. malayensis indicate that, in this case, the developmental rate is
      not a useful taxonomic character. Schistosoma malayensis is erected principally
      on the basis of differences, reported elsewhere, in the life histories and in the
      electrophoretic migration patterns of isoenzymes of adult worms as compared to S.
      mekongi and S. japonicum. These comparisons indicate that S. malayensis is more
      closely related to S. mekongi than to S. japonicum.

PMID- 3379528
TI  - Inermicapsifer beveridgei n. sp. (Cestoidea: Anoplocephalidae) from Procavia
      capensis (Hyracoidea) in Israel, with notes on two species of Hymenolepis.
AB  - Inermicapsifer beveridgei n. sp. from Procavia capensis differs from all other
      species in the genus in having 150-174 testes per segment. The closest species is
      I. hyracis (Rudolphi, 1810) Janicki, 1919, with 75-120 testes. Hymenolepis vogeae
      Singh, 1956 and H. horrida (Linstow, 1901) Luhe, 1910, are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3379529
TI  - Time-course of Giardia muris infection in male and female immunocompetent mice.
AB  - The time-course of acute Giardia muris infection was compared in male and female
      immunocompetent BALB/c mice that had not previously been exposed to the parasite.
      No sex-related difference was observed in the time-course of the infection in
      these mice. Sexually mature mice of both sexes excreted substantial numbers of G.
      muris cysts (greater than 10(4)/2 hr) over a longer period than did sexually
      immature mice.

PMID- 3379530
TI  - The effects of bile on the locomotory cycle of Fasciola hepatica.
AB  - The rate of production of locomotory cycles in juvenile Fasciola hepatica was
      significantly decreased following treatment with conjugated chenodeoxycholic
      acids and significantly increased following treatment with dehydrocholic acid or
      whole bovine bile. Deoxycholic acid caused death and lysis of the parasites in
      less than 30 min. These results suggest that bile components act as a specific
      stimulus for a fixed action pattern (the locomotory cycle) in this parasite.

PMID- 3379531
TI  - Toxoplasma gondii maintenance in tissue culture: a new efficient method for
      culturing RH tachyzoites.
AB  - We describe here a new tissue culture method for prolonged laboratory maintenance
      of tachyzoites of the highly virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Using a
      rapidly proliferating murine tumor cell line (YAC-1), the method described is
      easy to perform and is as or more efficient (both in terms of yield and cost)
      than other traditional methods for maintenance of the parasite. Furthermore, upon
      prolonged maintenance (greater than 160 days) in YAC-1 tissue culture, the
      pathogenicity of the parasite, as well as its capacity to elicit an immune
      response, are comparable to that of organisms maintained in mice. We conclude
      therefore, that the method described herein is a suitable alternative to the
      traditional method of maintenance of virulent RH strain T. gondii tachyzoites.

PMID- 3379532
TI  - Transmission of the OS strain of Plasmodium inui to Saimiri sciureus boliviensis
      and Aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys by Anopheles dirus mosquitoes.
AB  - Eight Saimiri and 7 Aotus monkeys were exposed to infection with the OS strain of
      Plasmodium inui via the bites of from 2 to 7 Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. All
      Saimiri monkeys developed high-level infections of from 152,000 to 500,000/mm3
      after prepatent periods of from 14 to 17 days. Only 1 Aotus monkey developed a
      patent infection after a period of 28 days. Feeding on these animals failed to
      result in infection of An. dirus mosquitoes.

PMID- 3379534
TI  - Growth of an Acanthamoeba isolate on a gram-negative bacterium, probably
      Pasteurella haemolytica.
AB  - A gram-negative bacterium, probably Pasteurella haemolytica, was found to support
      the growth of Acanthamoeba spp. This provides a useful means for initial
      isolation of Acanthamoeba spp. and for culturing these parasites to high cell
      densities.

PMID- 3379533
TI  - An alternative method for the culture of Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) in
      chick embryos.
AB  - Metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum were maintained in the allantoic cavities
      of chick embryos for 15 days. Some embryos had 0.2 ml chicken serum added to the
      allantoic cavity each day. Although the level of development varied considerably,
      worms from embryos with added serum developed hind bodies that were substantially
      larger than those of parasites maintained without added serum. There was no
      evidence that any worm ingested blood, and only 1 individual, from the serum
      augmented group, became ovigerous.

PMID- 3379535
TI  - Cryopreservation of Trichinella newborn larvae.
AB  - A technique for the cryopreservation of Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae is
      described. A similar procedure for muscle-stage larvae was not successful.

PMID- 3379536
TI  - Recovery of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis from inoculated hamsters.
AB  - Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis has never been isolated from wild animals
      although it is apparently capable of inducing infections in man, dogs, and
      donkeys. An analysis of the standard hamster culture system for analyzing
      infectivity of Leishmania sp. was undertaken. Results indicate that for L. (V.)
      braziliensis, routine cultivation of aspirates taken from the inoculation sites
      of 1-mo-infected hamsters should be undertaken. Moreover, in at least 1 of the 3
      strains examined, isolation of the parasite was only achieved after 84 days of
      cultivation.

PMID- 3379538
TI  - Morphological and physiological studies of isolates of Hendersonula toruloidea
      Nattrass cultured from human skin and nail samples.
AB  - Primary isolates from 128 cases of superficial Hendersonula toruloidea infection
      were invariably of the hyphomycete Scytalidium synanamorph of the fungus,
      characterized by the formation of dematiaceous fission arthroconidia. Three
      distinct colonial forms were recognized which were stable on repeated sub
      culture. The growth rates of four isolates of each colonial form were determined
      at 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. The production of
      the coelomycete synanamorph was investigated on a range of agar and natural
      media. Pycnidial or stromatal conidiomata were observed in representatives of two
      of the three colonial forms. All the infections were diagnosed in patients who
      had originated from, or resided in tropical, subtropical or warm temperate areas
      and the distribution of the different colonial forms was significantly related to
      the geographical/racial origins of the patients.

PMID- 3379537
TI  - Yeast cell cycle of Sporothrix schenckii.
AB  - Unbudded yeast cells from exponentially growing Sporothrix schenckii were
      harvested, selected by filtration and allowed to form buds in basal medium with
      glucose at pH 7.2. These cells undergo bud formation and cell duplication at 25
      degrees C earlier than at 35 degrees C. The time of cell duplication at 25
      degrees C was dependent upon the initial cell concentration. These cells carried
      out RNA and protein synthesis before cell evagination as early as 10 min after
      inoculation, and DNA synthesis during the 6 to 9 h period after inoculation,
      prior to nuclear division and bud formation. Nuclear division and bud formation
      seemed to occur concomitantly during the 9 to 12 h period after inoculation and
      were inhibited by the addition of hydroxyurea (0.1 M) to the medium. The
      preferred site for bud formation was the pole opposite the birth scar. Septum
      formation was evidenced at the mother cell-bud junction. A light septum first
      appeared in medium sized buds followed by a dark septum in large buds.

PMID- 3379539
TI  - Human serum antibodies to extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of moulds.
AB  - The presence of antibodies to extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of moulds in
      sera of healthy subjects (N = 125) was determined. Antibodies against the EPS of
      Penicillium digitatum, Mucor racemosus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium
      moniliforme and Botrytis tulipae were found in relatively high amounts in all
      sera. No effect of age on antibodies present could be demonstrated. Antibodies
      against each of the EPS tested were only neutralized by the homologous EPS and by
      EPS of moulds belonging to the same genus or a taxonomically closely related
      genus. Antibodies against the EPS of P. digitatum were inhibited by methyl-beta-D
      galactofuranoside, indicating that the galactofuranose part of this EPS is
      immunodominant.

PMID- 3379540
TI  - Bone lesions caused by Pythium insidiosum in a horse.
AB  - A 5-year-old, female saddle horse developed a tumoral mass anterolaterally on the
      metacarpal region of its right front leg. Histopathological study showed hyaline,
      aseptate, broad hyphae in the sequestered coral-like necrotic masses. Radiographs
      revealed an extensive osteomyelitis with disorganized bone proliferation of the
      metacarpal bones, as well as exostosis of the distal radius and the proximal and
      distal row of carpal bones. The etiologic agent was detected histologically,
      isolated in culture and identified as Pythium insidiosum. Serological tests were
      positive. Immunotherapy was applied but no cure resulted. The horse was
      sacrificed and necropsy confirmed the X-ray findings.

PMID- 3379541
TI  - Detection of antibodies in the sera of patients with chromoblastomycosis by
      counter immunoelectrophoresis. I. Preliminary results.
AB  - Counter immunoelectrophoresis with culture filtrate antigens of Cladosporium
      carrionii revealed a single precipitin band in sera from 13 of 15 patients with
      chromoblastomycosis caused by C. carrionii.

PMID- 3379542
TI  - Papers presented at the 20th annual meeting of the Pacific Association of
      Pediatric Surgeons. Seattle and Rosario, Washington, April 26-May 1, 1987.

PMID- 3379543
TI  - Voluntary anal continence after surgery for anorectal malformations.
AB  - Electromyography (EMG) and measurement of voluntary contraction pressure of the
      external sphincter muscle were performed in 28 patients, aged 5 to 14 years, to
      assess the function of the external sphincter after surgical correction of
      anorectal malformations. Ten normal children, aged 5 to 15 years, served as
      controls. External sphincter function in patients with high-type anomalies was
      disturbed in the areas of tonic activity, inflation reflex, and activity during
      further rectal filling. In patients with low-type or intermediate-type anomalies,
      function was preserved and was equal to that in normal controls. Phasic activity
      was observed in patients with all types of anomalies and in normal subjects.
      Among those with high-type anomalies, the three patients with Kelly's score of
      less than 2 had voluntary contractions of 20 cmH2O or less. However, the mean
      voluntary contraction pressures were not significantly different among the three
      types of anomalies. Therefore, patients with high-type anomalies may acquire
      compensatory voluntary continence through bowel training.

PMID- 3379544
TI  - Problems and pitfalls in the management of Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - A study of 126 patients with histologically proven Hirschsprung's disease
      revealed various problems associated with the surgical management of these cases.
      Complications such as prolapse, stricture, and cuff abscess were noted in
      patients undergoing endorectal pull-through (ERPT). These complications were not
      always obvious, and in some cases, the diagnosis became apparent only several
      years after definitive surgery. Specific technical aspects of the procedure
      probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of these problems. Ultrashort
      segment Hirschsprung's disease remains a problem in treatment. Rectal myectomy
      gives good results in some cases and unsatisfactory results in others.

PMID- 3379545
TI  - Evaluation of lower esophageal sphincter function in infants and children
      following esophageal surgery.
AB  - Esophageal manometry was performed before and after the operations for esophageal
      disorders in children to evaluate lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function and
      motility of the esophagocardiac region in each disease. Patients who underwent
      radical operations for gross C-type esophageal atresia (EA) and those with hiatal
      hernias considered to have gastroesophageal reflux (GER) showed reduction in LESP
      and LESL and eosphagocardiac motor abnormalities. Lower esophageal sphincter
      pressure and length, and motility of the esophagocardiac region improved in six
      patients who underwent an antireflux operation. Abnormal esophageal waves in EA
      patients persisted even after improvements in LES function by the antireflux
      operation and were considered to be a congenital problem, as the literature
      suggests. Effects of surgical intervention on the esophagus on the LES function
      were studied. Lower esophageal sphincter and esophagocardiac function were
      preserved, and GER did not develop after Livaditis' procedure for EA or
      esophageal transection and sectioning the esophageal branch of the vagus nerve
      for esophageal varices. Anatomic abnormalities that lead to LES dysfunction are
      considered to cause GER.

PMID- 3379546
TI  - The diagnosis of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Congenital tracheoesophageal fistula presents with clinical features of variable
      types and severity, including choking, coughing, and cyanosis with feeds,
      pneumonia, and abdominal distension. The rarity of the condition, its nonspecific
      symptomatology, and limitations in its demonstration by contrast radiology and
      endoscopy contribute to delays between first presentation and confirmation of the
      diagnosis. Recognition of symptom complexes and a high index of clinical
      suspicion should assist early diagnosis. In our experience with 30 infants with
      "H" fistula, an initial barium swallow demonstrated the fistula in 73%, and in
      all patients by the third attempt. Refinements in technique have shown contrast
      radiology to be satisfactory and safe in the initial investigation of infants
      with suspected congenital tracheoesophageal fistula and enables differentiation
      from other causes of aspiration.

PMID- 3379547
TI  - Improved survival with primary anastomosis in the low birth weight neonate with
      esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Management of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) has evolved
      over the past 5 years at Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, in the
      premature patient weighing less than 2.5 kg. Traditionally, these low birth
      weight infants underwent gastrostomy and fistula ligation followed by repair
      after a period of weight gain. However, since 1980, of the 31 neonates weighing
      2.5 kg or less with type-C TEF, a primary repair was performed in 22 within the
      first five days of life. There were no mortalities and only one subclinical
      anastomotic leak. All anastomoses were done extrapleurally in a single-layer
      interrupted fashion. Staged repair was elected for nine neonates. Seven had
      severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation and two in the
      staged group expired prior to repair. The survival for the entire group of 31
      neonates was 94%. Primary repair may be performed safely in the premature
      neonate. The presence of severe pulmonary disease is the critical factor that
      might necessitate a staged repair.

PMID- 3379548
TI  - Association of closure of patent ductus arteriosus and development of necrotizing
      enterocolitis.
AB  - Over a 5-year period ending in June 1986, 234 neonates with evidence of a
      significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) underwent ductal manipulation. Thirty
      four infants (15%) developed evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). When
      NEC and treatment of PDA were within 72 hours of each other, there was a 71%
      mortality rate. When NEC and PDA ligation were greater than 72 hours apart, there
      were no deaths. Development of NEC prior to ductal closure was associated with a
      mortality of 57%, as opposed to no mortality when the development of NEC occurred
      after ductal closure. Our data suggest that infants who develop NEC before PDA
      ligation incur a high mortality.

PMID- 3379550
TI  - A patient with biliary atresia who died 28 years after hepatic portojejunostomy.
AB  - A patient who died of hepatic failure nearly 29 years after hepatic
      portojejunostomy is reported. His death may be attributed to several faults in
      treatment. From our experiences it can be said that biliary atresia is a curable
      disease, although liver-transplantation is required in some patients in whom
      hepato portoenterostomy is unsuccessful.

PMID- 3379549
TI  - Childhood recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
AB  - Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is characterized by repeated attacks of
      bacterial infection of the biliary tract by enteric organisms resulting in
      formation of strictures and stones in the intrahepatic as well as the
      extrahepatic bile ducts. Between 1973 and 1984, we managed ten children with RPC.
      Presentation was acute, septicemia being invariably present. Four children
      responded to vigorous intravenous (IV) fluid and antibiotic therapy; of these,
      three subsequently required elective transduodenal sphincteroplasty. Six children
      required emergency biliary tract decompression surgically and three of them also
      had concomitant definitive drainage procedures (transduodenal sphincteroplasty,
      two; supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy, one). The other three had T-tube
      drainage initially followed by elective drainage procedures (transduodenal
      sphincteroplasty, one; supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy, two). At
      exploration, pigment stones and/or mud were invariably present in the bile ducts.
      One child required reexploration for hemostasis following sphincteroplasty, and
      one child died from septicemia and respiratory failure following operation. The
      rest are well, having been followed for 3 to 12 years. Major advances in recent
      years include (1) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for
      accurate definition of the biliary tract and confirmation of the presence and
      location of stones during the quiescent phase, (2) the intraoperative
      choledochoscopic extraction of intrahepatic and extrahepatic stones, and (3)
      postoperative stone removal via the T-tube tract.

PMID- 3379551
TI  - Medicine, ethics, and the law.

PMID- 3379552
TI  - An evaluation of the role of surgery in metastatic neuroblastoma.
AB  - The role of surgery was evaluated in 320 patients with metastatic neuroblastoma
      (Children's Cancer Study Group [CCSG] stage IV, excluding IV-S) enrolled in two
      CCSG treatment protocols between June 1978 and November 1982. The regimens
      consisted of combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Two
      hundred seventy-seven surgical procedures were performed in 214 of the 320
      eligible patients. Surgical intervention at the primary site was performed at
      initiation of therapy in 86 patients. There was a slight survival advantage when
      complete resection of the primary tumor was achieved (P = .09). Delayed surgery
      was performed in 89 patients. Gross complete resection of primary tumor was
      feasible in 57 of these patients (64.0%). However, survival analysis showed that
      resolution of metastases had a more important impact on subsequent length of
      survival than resectability at the delayed procedure (P = .005).

PMID- 3379553
TI  - Crucial bronchoscopic findings in esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal
      fistula.
AB  - We performed a brief bronchoscopy in 42 newborn infants with esophageal atresia
      and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The procedure was carried out in the
      operating room, usually just prior to thoracotomy for repair of the anomaly. Most
      infants had a gastrostomy tube placed initially. Observations included: (1) level
      of fistula, (2) presence of unusual variants, eg, double fistula, trifurcation
      fistula, (3) presence and severity of tracheobronchitis, and (4) position of the
      aortic arch. The endoscopic findings influenced the operative technique or
      management of 24 of the 42 infants (57%), including 13 infants (31%) with crucial
      findings which dictated a change in operative technique or management. Examples
      of the latter were an unsuspected cervical fistula associated with esophageal
      atresia, repaired by a cervical approach; other unusual variants of TEF (proximal
      fistula, trifurcation or quadrifurcation TEF), requiring specific dissection at
      thoracotomy; congenital stenosis of the right mainstem bronchus, requiring
      postoperative dilatation; or severe tracheobronchitis, which contraindicated
      thoracotomy. Observations at bronchoscopy accurately predicted the position of
      the aortic arch in ten recent infants, although the side of dominant pulsation
      was indeterminate in three other infants. Only one minor complication was
      attributable to the bronchoscopy. The procedure appeared to be safe and
      beneficial, and should be considered for all infants with esophageal atresia and
      TEF.

PMID- 3379554
TI  - Congenital stenosis involving a long segment of the trachea: further experience
      in reconstructive surgery.
AB  - Since we introduced the surgical technique for the repair of congenital stenosis
      involving the entire trachea with a successfully treated patient in 1982, four
      more patients have undergone a tracheoplasty employing the same technique for
      congenital stenosis involving a long segment of trachea. This article describes
      the refinement of surgical technique, the management of patients during and after
      operation, and the long-term outcome.

PMID- 3379555
TI  - Diffuse necrotizing tracheobronchitis: an acute and chronic disease.
AB  - Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) is characterized by acute episodes of airway
      obstruction, hypercarbia, and lack of chest movement in mechanically ventilated
      neonates. Emergency bronchoscopic removal of necrotic tissue is essential for
      survival. Although postmortem lesions extend into smaller bronchi, survivors have
      not demonstrated residual tracheobronchial abnormalities. Two infants were
      treated successfully for NTB but succumbed to diffuse tracheobronchial strictures
      with progressive pulmonary hyperinflation. A third neonate with esophageal
      atresia and left pulmonary agenesis developed NTB. Despite initial
      postbronchoscopic improvement, the infant died at age 6 weeks with diffuse
      obstructing NTB. All three infants required endotracheal intubation and
      mechanical ventilation. High-frequency jet ventilation was not used. Tracheal
      cultures for fungi, bacteria and viruses were negative. Successful treatment of
      NTB may be followed acutely by recurrence of NTB and chronically by diffuse
      tracheobronchial strictures and emphysema.

PMID- 3379556
TI  - Piston-pump-type high frequency oscillatory ventilation for neonates with
      congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a new protocol.
AB  - High frequency ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are
      devices that are expected to save the lives of newborn infants whose pulmonary
      conditions have deteriorated. A piston-pump-type high-frequency oscillator (HFO),
      developed by Bryan and Miyasaka called "Hummingbird," is considered to be
      superior to high frequency "jet" ventilators or those of the flow-interrupter
      type, and was used successfully in two neonates with congenital diaphragmatic
      hernia (CDH) in a high-risk group. The first baby was on a conventional
      ventilator with pharmacologic support for the first 54 hours and then operated
      on. Postoperative deterioration necessitated the use of HFO for the next eight
      days. The infant then recovered uneventfully. For the second baby, HFO was
      necessary both preoperatively and postoperatively. This baby had a major
      diaphragmatic defect and her case was complicated with pneumothorax. There was a
      long stormy course on HFO (total, 70 days), but the patient was successfully
      extubated on the 75th day postoperatively and is now doing well. We believe
      active long preoperative stabilization with pharmacologic support and
      preoperative and postoperative hyperventilation with a piston-pump-type HFO may
      be a new innovative strategy for the management of severe CDH patients.

PMID- 3379558
TI  - Hydatid disease of spleen treated by cyst enucleation and splenic salvage.

PMID- 3379557
TI  - Long-term results of jejunal replacement of the esophagus.
AB  - Since 1969, jejunal interpositions have been carried out in 19 patients for
      esophageal replacement. A segment of the upper jejunum was used to bridge the gap
      in the right thoracic cavity. The distal esophagus and its sphincteric mechanism
      was preserved in all but four patients, who had peptic strictures. Early
      postoperative complications such as total necrosis of the graft, perforation of
      the graft, and anastomotic leak developed in three patients (16%). There were no
      operative deaths but there were two later deaths (11%). We were able to follow 12
      patients over a long term. Among these 12 patients there were two anastomotic
      strictures, one of which was dilated successfully by bouginage, and one marked
      redundancy of the jejunum which necessitated surgical correction. Both height and
      weight were lower than -2 SD on a Japanese standard growth curve in two patients
      who had anastomotic strictures. Transient stagnation of swallowed barium at the
      lower esophagus was the common finding; it was observed in seven cases (58%).
      Only three patients (25%) complained of occasional feelings of delay in
      swallowing. Stagnation with a mildly redundant jejunum was the common radiologic
      finding in these three patients. Reflux of the gastric content into the esophagus
      did not occur. All the patients, except one who still has dysphagia due to
      anastomotic stricture, can eat anything they wish at almost normal speed. These
      long-term results indicate that jejunal interposition with preservation of the
      lower esophagus is a recommendable procedure for esophageal replacement.

PMID- 3379559
TI  - [Anodic differential pulse polarography of phenothiazines. Application to
      analysis of phenothiazine derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations].

PMID- 3379560
TI  - Coulometric determination of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine.

PMID- 3379561
TI  - Spectrofluorimetric study of 1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-2H-benzo(a)
      quinolizine-2-spiro-3'-(1'-phenyl) succinimide hydrochloride.

PMID- 3379562
TI  - [Physical characteristics of primary pharmaceutical material. A preliminary
      technological study concerning silo storage].

PMID- 3379564
TI  - Lymphatic absorption of hypolipidemic compound, 1-O-[p-(myristyloxy)-alpha
      methylcinnamoyl] glycerol (LK-903).
AB  - The intestinal absorption process of 1-O-[p-(myristyloxy)-alpha-methylcinnamoyl]
      glycerol (LK-903), a new hypolipidemic compound, was studied in rats. When 3H-LK
      903 or 3H-LKA [3H-p- (myristyloxy)-alpha-methyl cinnamic acid], labeled at the
      cinnamic acid moiety, or 14C-LK-903, labeled at the glycerol moiety, were
      administered orally to thoracic duct-cannulated rats at a dose of 0.233 mmol/kg,
      31.1, 6.7 and 18.1% of the dose, respectively, appeared in the lymph within 24 h.
      In this case, radioactive compounds in the lymph lipids consisted of LKA
      (radioactivity was not detected in the fraction of LKA with 14C-LK-903), LK-903,
      diglyceride analogues and triglyceride analogues. The percentages of the
      triglyceride analogues were the highest, followed by the diglyceride analogues.
      On the other hand, when doubly labeled LK-903 (3H/14C = 1, corrected ratio) was
      administered orally, the values of 3H/14C for the monoglyceride, diglyceride and
      triglyceride analogues in the lymph were 1.2-1.5, 1.7-1.9 and 1.9-2.7,
      respectively. The lymphatic absorption of LK-903 was stimulated by the presence
      of lecithin but inhibited by a high dose of triolein. The results indicated that
      (1) LK-903 formed micelles in the intestine, (2) a large part of LK-903 was
      absorbed as such, (3) a part of LK-903 was hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa,
      and (4) a part of LKA formed by hydrolysis was again utilized to synthesize the
      higher glycerides and absorbed via the lymphatic absorption route for lipids.

PMID- 3379563
TI  - Inhibitory effects of ketoconazole and miconazole on cytochrome P-450-mediated
      oxidative metabolism of testosterone and xenobiotics in mouse hepatic microsomes-
      comparative study with cimetidine.
AB  - The inhibitory effects of ketoconazole (KCZ) and miconazole (MCZ), imidazole
      containing antimycotics, on the hydroxylations of testosterone as a model for
      endogenous steroids, and the N-demethylation of aminopyrine and the hydroxylation
      of aniline as models for xenobiotics were compared with those of cimetidine in
      mouse hepatic microsomes. In vitro, both KCZ and MCZ inhibited these enzyme
      activities in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory potencies of KCZ and MCZ
      for testosterone hydroxylations and aminopyrine N-demethylation were much
      greater, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values 2-3 orders of magnitude
      lower than those of cimetidine, while the potencies of these antimycotics for
      aniline hydroxylation were similar to that of cimetidine. Although KCZ, MCZ and
      cimetidine produced type II difference spectra, the difference between the
      antimycotics (405 nm) and cimetidine (392-405 nm) was found in the trough
      position of the difference spectra. Spectral dissociation constants (Ks) of these
      antimycotics (2.2 x 10(-7) - 5.4 x 10(-6) M) were also 1-2 orders of magnitude
      lower than those of cimetidine (1.3 x 10(-5) - 1.6 x 10(-4) M), and both KCZ and
      cimetidine had two kinds of Ks, while MCZ had a single Ks. Pentobarbital sleeping
      time was prolonged in a dose-dependent manner by the i.p. administration of 10-50
      mg/kg of KCZ, MCZ or cimetidine, and the potencies for the prolongation of
      sleeping time decreased in the order of MCZ greater than KCZ greater than
      cimetidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379565
TI  - Involvement of the medial amygdaloid nucleus in the action of imipramine in rats
      subjected to the forced swimming test.
AB  - A forced swimming test proposed by Porsolt is a useful method for screening
      antidepressants. To evaluate drug effects more objectively, vibration of the
      walls of a water tank caused by the escape behavior of the rat was recorded.
      Imipramine (IMI) increased the number of vibration and this effect was observed
      in the medial amygdala lesioned rat but not in the central or basolateral
      amygdala lesioned rat. The present result suggests that the medial amygdala is an
      important site of action of IMI.

PMID- 3379566
TI  - Renal tubular mechanisms for excretion of cefpiramide (SM-1652) in association
      with its long-lasting pharmacokinetic properties.
AB  - To investigate possible mechanisms for the long-lasting pharmacokinetic
      properties of cefpiramide, pharmacokinetic and renal clearance studies were
      carried out using rabbits. Cefazolin was employed as a reference compound. In
      pharmacokinetic studies, the plasma half-life (t1/2 beta) for cefpiramide was 2.7
      times as long as that for cefazolin. The total body clearance (ClT) and renal
      clearance (ClR) for cefazolin were approximately 2.3 times larger than those for
      cefpiramide. In renal clearance studies, the clearance by glomerular filtration
      (Clf) for cefpiramide exceeded Clf for cefazolin by 2.5 times, because of lower
      plasma protein binding of cefpiramide. In contrast, the clearance by tubular
      secretion (Cls) for cefpiramide was one-fifth as small as Cls for cefazolin. The
      overall renal clearance (Clr) for cefazolin was 3.6 times as large as Clr for
      cefpiramide, being in good agreement with the cefazolin/cefpiramide ratios of ClT
      and ClR. Therefore, the long-lasting pharmacokinetic properties of cefpiramide
      was suggested to be due to the fact that cefpiramide undergoes renal tubular
      secretion to less extent.

PMID- 3379567
TI  - Biological and pharmaceutical factors affecting the absorption and lymphatic
      delivery of ciclosporin A from gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - Absorption site and some biological and pharmaceutical factors affecting the
      absorption and transport of ciclosporin A (CiA) from the gastrointestinal (GI)
      tract into both the thoracic lymphatics and the systemic circulation have been
      studied in rats. In a group of rats whose gastric emptying of orally administered
      CiA in HCO-60 formulation, 7.0 mg/kg, was physically prevented, both the
      lymphatic and the systemic availabilities of CiA were negligibly low. CiA was
      orally administered to another group of rats whose major intestinal lymphatics as
      well as thoracic lymph ducts were cannulated, and it was revealed that the amount
      of CiA delivered to the major intestinal lymphatics was about six times greater
      than that of CiA transferred into the thoracic lymphatics. In bile fistulous
      rats, the systemic availability of CiA was predominantly decreased but the
      lymphatic availability was not so decreased. In contrast, solvents such as
      propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol affected both the systemic and the
      lymphatic availabilities of CiA, which were also dependent on the absorption
      site. In particular, the lower small intestine does not contribute to the
      lymphatic availability of CiA.

PMID- 3379568
TI  - Effects of penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of nifedipine.
      Comparison between Deet and Azone.
AB  - The influence of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) and 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2
      one (Azone), on skin permeability was examined for nifedipine (NP), taking into
      account their effects on the thermodynamic activity of the drug. The percutaneous
      absorption efficiency of NP was determined by measuring the drug concentration in
      rat plasma. Comparisons were made among NP suspensions in the enhancers to ensure
      equal thermodynamic activity. Azone increased NP penetration over that of
      propylene glycol (PG), while Deet produced a similar response to that of PG. The
      addition of a small amount of Deet to PG or diethyl sebacate (DES) provided for a
      rather large increase in NP penetration compared with that from PG or DES alone.
      The results of this study strongly suggest that Deet and Azone have different
      modes of action. Azone exerted a genuine effect on the skin and produced marked
      improvement in the penetration of NP. The effect of Deet was interesting as it
      was effective only in combination with other vehicles. Deet exhibits excellent
      solubilizing properties and penetrates the skin easily. Accordingly, it may be
      concluded that Deet functions simply as a cosolvent to produce saturated or
      supersaturated solutions of the active ingredient by its rapid disappearance from
      the vehicle, and thereby maximizes the thermodynamic activity of the drug.

PMID- 3379569
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of piretanide in rabbits. II: Effects
      on the proximal tubules and the loop of Henle.
AB  - In order to clarify the effect of piretanide in the nephrons, pharmacokinetics
      and pharmacodynamics of piretanide were studied under a hydropenic condition in
      the rabbit. The hydropenic condition was developed by a simultaneous infusion of
      an antidiuretic hormone and hyperosmotic saline. Lithium was used as the
      indicator of the proximal sodium reabsorption. Plasma concentrations and urinary
      excretion rates of piretanide were not influenced by the hydration state of the
      body. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) showed a long lasting decrease after
      piretanide administration; however, the urinary excretion rates of salts and
      water were increased prominently just after administration. The lithium clearance
      ratio, which was obtained by dividing the lithium renal clearance by GFR,
      indicated that piretanide inhibited the proximal reabsorption of sodium. The
      urine osmolarity after piretanide administration showed a significant decrease,
      and this indicated that the osmolarity of the renal medulla was also influenced
      by piretanide. From these observations, a model describing the transport of water
      and osmotic substances in the nephrons was constructed to calculate the effect of
      piretanide. The results indicated that the diuretic effect of piretanide in the
      hydropenic rabbit was reasonably described by the model. The model parameters
      obtained suggested that the site of action of piretanide in the proximal tubules
      might be in the peritubular side rather than inside the lumen, whereas the site
      of action in the loop of Henle might be inside the lumen.

PMID- 3379570
TI  - Adopting a process approach to assess children's coping.

PMID- 3379571
TI  - Infant botulism: a dilemma for nursing.

PMID- 3379572
TI  - Developmental gaps of children with a chronic condition and their impact on the
      family.

PMID- 3379573
TI  - Renewal in nursing.

PMID- 3379575
TI  - A child of poverty, a child of dignity.

PMID- 3379574
TI  - Should you believe what you read? Reliability and validity in published pediatric
      nursing research.

PMID- 3379576
TI  - Exploring the use of computer simulation to teach critical decision-making skills
      to pediatric nursing students.

PMID- 3379577
TI  - Clinical thermometry: in need of nursing research.

PMID- 3379578
TI  - Misattribution, preparatory information, and speech anxiety.
AB  - In two experiments with undergraduate subjects, I compared the effects of
      misattribution versus information manipulations on speech anxiety. In Experiment
      1, some subjects were allegedly exposed to subliminal noise while reading a
      speech in front of a camera. These subjects were told that subliminal noise makes
      people feel either unpleasantly aroused or pleasantly relaxed or that it has no
      effect. Subjects in a fourth condition were given accurate information about how
      they would feel (unpleasantly aroused) but were not exposed to the subliminal
      noise misattribution source. In Experiment 2, I replicated the arousing noise and
      accurate information conditions from the first study and added two new groups
      incorporating a delay that should preclude misattribution. In both experiments,
      the alleged presence of arousing subliminal noise reduced subjects' speech
      dysfluencies during the speech task, whereas the presentation of accurate
      information alone did not have a comparable ameliorative effect. Thus, both
      experiments supported the misattribution interpretation of why neutral labels for
      arousal can reduce emotionality.

PMID- 3379579
TI  - Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of
      the facial feedback hypothesis.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that people's facial activity influences their
      affective responses. Two studies were designed to both eliminate methodological
      problems of earlier experiments and clarify theoretical ambiguities. This was
      achieved by having subjects hold a pen in their mouth in ways that either
      inhibited or facilitated the muscles typically associated with smiling without
      requiring subjects to pose in a smiling face. Study 1's results demonstrated the
      effectiveness of the procedure. Subjects reported more intense humor responses
      when cartoons were presented under facilitating conditions than under inhibiting
      conditions that precluded labeling of the facial expression in emotion
      categories. Study 2 served to further validate the methodology and to answer
      additional theoretical questions. The results replicated Study 1's findings and
      also showed that facial feedback operates on the affective but not on the
      cognitive component of the humor response. Finally, the results suggested that
      both inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms may have contributed to the observed
      affective responses.

PMID- 3379580
TI  - The dynamic relations among interpersonal behaviors: a test of complementarity
      and anticomplementarity.
AB  - On the basis of the positions of behaviors relative to one another in the
      interpersonal circle, the principles of complementarity and anticomplementarity
      specify how people's behaviors influence one another in interpersonal
      interactions. Pairs of undergraduate women (1 subject, N = 80, and 1 confederate)
      collaborated for 16 min to create and agree on stories for two pictures.
      Confederates performed scripted roles that emphasized one of eight interpersonal
      behaviors. Behaviors were coded into eight categories, and the relative effect of
      each confederate behavior on each subject behavior was determined. Using the
      geometric properties of the interpersonal circle, vectors were calculated that
      identified the relative impact of each confederate stimulus behavior on the
      overall pattern of subject responses. Results were consistent with the dynamic
      relations among interpersonal behaviors that complementarity and
      anticomplementarity propose and demonstrated that how a person behaves toward
      another systematically and profoundly affects how the other behaves toward the
      person.

PMID- 3379581
TI  - Attributional style, depression, and perceptions of consensus for events.
AB  - This study examined differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals'
      implicit perceptions of consensus, which may contribute to differences in their
      attributional styles. Subjects rated the extent to which positive, negative, and
      neutral events happen to themselves and to the average college student and
      completed measures of depth of depression and attributional style. Perceptions of
      consensus were highly correlated with all components of attributional style for
      negative and positive events. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that
      ratings of others explained variance in attributional style beyond that explained
      by ratings of the self for positive but not for negative events. Path analyses,
      however, indicated that the indirect path from perceptions of consensus to
      depression mediated through attributional style was nonsignificant for positive
      events, although it was significant for negative events. These findings are
      discussed in terms of the role of perceptions of others as precursors of
      attributional style and depression.

PMID- 3379582
TI  - Personal vulnerability, life events, and depressive symptoms: a test of a
      specific interactional model.
AB  - We tested Beck's (1983) hypothesis that depressive symptoms occur when an
      individual experiences a negative life event that specifically matches the
      individual's personal motivational vulnerability. Ninety-eight undergraduates
      completed measures of depression level, recent life events, and sociotropic and
      autonomous achievement motivations. Consistent with the theory, sociotropy was
      associated with depression level and also served as a moderator of the relations
      between depression and frequency of recent negative social events. However,
      sociotropy also demonstrated nonpredicted interactive effects with negative
      events categorized a priori as autonomy related. Autonomy was unrelated to
      depression and showed no evidence of being a vulnerability to any type of life
      event. The findings generally support the value of examining the role in
      depression of interactions between personality characteristics and life events,
      although they do not support the specific matching predictions.

PMID- 3379583
TI  - Personality in adulthood: a six-year longitudinal study of self-reports and
      spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory.
AB  - Previous longitudinal studies of personality in adulthood have been limited in
      the range of traits examined, have chiefly made use of self-reports, and have
      frequently included only men. In this study, self-reports (N = 983) and spouse
      ratings (N = 167) were gathered on the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae,
      1985b), which measures all five of the major dimensions of normal personality.
      Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses on data from men and women aged 21 to
      96 years showed evidence of small declines in Activity, Positive Emotions, and
      openness to Actions that might be attributed to maturation, but none of these
      effects was replicated in sequential analyses. The 20 other scales examined
      showed no consistent pattern of maturational effects. In contrast, retest
      stability was quite high for all five dimensions in self-reports and for the
      three dimensions measured at both times in spouse ratings. Comparable levels of
      stability were seen for men and women and for younger and older subjects. The
      data support the position that personality is stable after age 30.

PMID- 3379584
TI  - Do women sometimes say no when they mean yes? The prevalence and correlates of
      women's token resistance to sex.
AB  - We investigated whether women ever engage in token resistance to sex--saying no
      but meaning yes--and, if they do, what their reasons are for doing so. A
      questionnaire administered to 610 undergraduate women asked whether they had ever
      engaged in token resistance and, if so, asked them to rate the importance of 26
      possible reasons. We found that 39.3% of the women had engaged in token
      resistance at least once. Their reasons fell into three categories: practical,
      inhibition-related, and manipulative reasons. Women's gender role attitudes,
      erotophobia-erotophilia, and other attitudes and beliefs varied as a function of
      their experience with token resistance and their sexual experience. We argue
      that, given society's sexual double standard, token resistance may be a rational
      behavior. It could, however, have negative consequences, including discouraging
      honest communication, perpetuating restrictive gender stereotypes, and--if men
      learn to disregard women's refusals--increasing the incidence of rape.

PMID- 3379585
TI  - A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and
      further evidence of its construct validity.
AB  - We examined the internal and external validity of the Narcissistic Personality
      Inventory (NPI). Study 1 explored the internal structure of the NPI responses of
      1,018 subjects. Using principal-components analysis, we analyzed the tetrachoric
      correlations among the NPI item responses and found evidence for a general
      construct of narcissism as well as seven first-order components, identified as
      Authority, Exhibitionism, Superiority, Vanity, Exploitativeness, Entitlement, and
      Self-Sufficiency. Study 2 explored the NPI's construct validity with respect to a
      variety of indexes derived from observational and self-report data in a sample of
      57 subjects. Study 3 investigated the NPI's construct validity with respect to
      128 subject's self and ideal self-descriptions, and their congruency, on the
      Leary Interpersonal Check List. The results from Studies 2 and 3 tend to support
      the construct validity of the full-scale NPI and its component scales.

PMID- 3379586
TI  - Glycolamide esters as biolabile prodrugs of carboxylic acid agents: synthesis,
      stability, bioconversion, and physicochemical properties.
AB  - Benzoic acid esters of various substituted 2-hydroxyacetamides (glycolamides)
      were found to be hydrolyzed extremely rapidly in human plasma solutions, the half
      lives of hydrolysis being less than 5 s in 50% plasma solutions for some N,N
      disubstituted glycolamide esters. The rapid rate of hydrolysis could be largely
      attributed to cholinesterase (also called pseudocholinesterase) present in
      plasma. From a study of a variety of substituted glycolamide esters and
      structurally related esters, the most prominent structural requirement needed for
      a rapid rate of hydrolysis was found to be the glycolamide ester structure
      combined with the presence of two substituents on the amide nitrogen atom. A
      structural similarity of such esters with benzoylcholine, a good substrate for
      cholinesterase, was put forward. Esters of N,N-disubstituted glycolamides are
      suggested to be a useful biolabile prodrug type for several carboxylic acid
      agents. The esters combine a high susceptibility to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis
      in plasma with a high stability in aqueous solution. Furthermore, as demonstrated
      with the benzoic acid model esters, it is feasible to obtain ester derivatives
      with almost any desired water solubility or lipophilicity with retainment of
      marked lability to enzymatic hydrolysis.

PMID- 3379587
TI  - 3-Hydroxylation of salicylamide in mice.
AB  - Salicylamide is an important model compound for use in investigations concerning
      drug disposition. In this study the metabolic fate of salicylamide at high doses
      was evaluated in male mice using HPLC methodology. The concentrations of
      salicylamide and its metabolites were determined in urine and in blood at various
      times after the administration of 2 or 4 mmol kg-1 salicylamide. Salicylamide,
      gentisamide, and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were detected. 2,3
      Dihydroxybenzamide, the 3-hydroxy metabolite of salicylamide, as well as its
      glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, were identified and quantitated for the first
      time by HPLC. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzamide had previously been detected only as a minor
      metabolite of salicylamide by paper chromatography. However, in the present
      study, 18% of the salicylamide metabolites appearing in urine after either dosage
      of salicylamide were 3-hydroxylation products. When a previously published HPLC
      method for salicylamide analysis was used, 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide glucuronide
      coeluted with salicylamide glucuronide. The possible formation of 3-hydroxy
      metabolites must be evaluated in any study of drug metabolism using salicylamide
      as a model compound.

PMID- 3379588
TI  - Decomposition of aspirin in the solid state in the presence of limited amounts of
      moisture II: Kinetics and salting-in of aspirin in aqueous acetic acid solutions.
AB  - The solubility of aspirin in saturated solutions of salicylic acid (and vice
      versa) was studied in 0 to 16 M aqueous solutions of acetic acid. The
      solubilities, when expressed in molarity, go through a maximum at an acetic acid
      concentration of approximately 12 M. The temperature dependence of the
      solubilities is such that the logarithm of the solubility is linear in reciprocal
      absolute temperature. The calculated enthalpies are of the order of 11 kcal/mol.
      The kinetics of aspirin decomposition was also studied at the different acetic
      acid concentrations, and it was found that the second-order hydrolysis rate
      constant is fairly independent of acetic acid concentration. Aspirin
      decomposition follows an Arrhenius equation and has an activation energy of 18
      kcal/mol.

PMID- 3379589
TI  - Decomposition of aspirin in the solid state in the presence of limited amounts of
      moisture III: Effect of temperature and a possible mechanism.
AB  - In a previous study, we showed that aspirin in the presence of limited amounts of
      moisture falls to follow Leeson-Mattocks kinetics at 62.5 degrees C. This system
      has been tested at a series of temperatures, and several plausible models have
      been tested. It is shown that the data are explained by a model in which the
      reaction is limited to a surface interaction between aspirin and water from the
      sorbed bulk moisture layer.

PMID- 3379591
TI  - Physicochemical basis of increased bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug
      following oral administration as organic solutions.
AB  - The physicochemical basis of improvement of the bioavailability of a poorly water
      soluble drug [REV 5901; alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol; 1]
      after oral administration as organic solutions was investigated. The drug, which
      exists in solid and metastable liquid forms, had a pKa value of 3.7 and a
      solubility of approximately 0.002 mg/mL in water (pH approximately 6) at 37
      degrees C. It had appreciable aqueous solubility only at pH values less than 2.
      The dissolution rate of 1 at pH values greater than 3 was practically zero. On
      dilution of the water-miscible organic solutions (polyethylene glycol 400 and
      polysorbate 80) of 1 with aqueous media, the drug instantaneously formed
      saturated solutions and the excess drug separated as emulsified oily globules.
      The dispersibility of the globules improved in the presence of surfactants. The
      average globule size of the oily form of 1 was 1.6 micron or less, as compared
      with a particle size of 5-10 microns for the solids. Thus, a high surface area of
      1 was obtained after oral intake of water-miscible organic solutions. Although 1
      was practically insoluble under intestinal pH conditions, its solubility was
      greatly increased in the presence of bile salts, lecithin, and lipid-digestion
      mixtures. The high surface area of 1 separating from organic solutions would
      facilitate its dissolution rate in the presence of biological surfactants and
      lipids and, therefore, would increase its bioavailability.

PMID- 3379590
TI  - Perforated coated tablets for controlled release of drugs at a constant rate.
AB  - Tablets with a central hole and a water-impermeable coating were prepared. These
      perforated coated tablets (PCTs) dissolve and release drug through the central
      hole only. In vitro release of the model drugs sodium benzoate and benzamide from
      PCTs occurred at a constant rate up to 80% release. The zero-order release rate
      varies with hole size, drug solubility, drug concentration, diluent solubility,
      and binder concentration. These results demonstrate that the PCT design can be
      used to prepare drug delivery devices which release at controllable constant
      rates.

PMID- 3379592
TI  - Propranolol elimination as described by the venous equilibrium model using flow
      perturbations in the isolated perfused rat liver.
AB  - The kinetics of hepatic elimination of the high-clearance drug propranolol has
      been interpreted in a previous study from our laboratory, in which propranolol
      protein binding was varied, to conform to the venous equilibrium model. In
      another study by a different group, in which perfusate flow was varied,
      propranolol kinetics was interpreted to conform to the sinusoidal model. In the
      present study, we investigated the possibility that this discrepancy is due to
      the use of the two different discriminants, flow and protein binding, in the two
      studies. In eight livers, perfused in a recirculating design, steady-state
      elimination of propranolol (infused at a rate of 22.8 micrograms/min) was
      examined at perfusate flow rates of 16 and 32 mL/min. Hepatic outflow
      concentration was independent of perfusate flow rate, while the logarithmic
      average concentration was significantly lower at the higher flow. These data
      conform to the venous equilibrium model and are not consistent with the
      sinusoidal model. This shows that the outcome of these modeling experiments does
      not depend on the experimental approach used, and reaffirms that the venous
      equilibrium model is appropriate for propranolol under the conditions studied.

PMID- 3379593
TI  - Effect of temperature and fat content on the binding of hydrochlorothiazide and
      chlorothiazide to milk.
AB  - The binding of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide to milk has been measured.
      Experiments were carried out at 5, 15, 25, and 37 degrees C on bovine milk
      samples with fat contents of 0.75, 1.70, and 3.50%, using a wide range of drug
      concentrations to mimic concentrations encountered when a drug-milk freeze-dried
      system is utilized. Binding experiments with a 2.6% solution of casein were also
      carried out at the same temperature and concentration range of drugs. The binding
      to milk and casein was found to be not dependent on the concentration of drugs.
      The fat content of milk had no significant effect on the binding of both drugs.
      Higher binding was observed at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures for
      both drugs examined. The binding of both drugs to casein at 37 degrees C agrees
      fairly well with the corresponding binding to all types of milk at 37 degrees C.
      The potential significance of the findings in respect to preparation and in vivo
      delivery of drugs from drug-milk formulations is discussed.

PMID- 3379594
TI  - Effects of concentration and volume on nasal bioavailability and biological
      response to desmopressin.
AB  - The effects of concentration and dose volume on the nasal bioavailability and
      biological response to desmopressin [DDAVP; 1-(3-mercaptoproprionic acid)-8-D
      arginine vasopressin] were investigated in humans. A nasal formulation of 300
      micrograms of desmopressin was administered using a premetered spray device in
      doses of either 1 x 50-, 2 x 50-, or 1 x 100- microL actuations to both nostrils.
      Intravenous administration of 0.2 micrograms/kg was also given as a reference for
      bioavailability calculations. Plasma levels of desmopressin were measured by
      radioimmunoassay. The biological response was determined by measuring circulating
      levels of Factor VIII (F VIII), the antihemophilia factor. Peak plasma levels of
      desmopressin were greatest after the 2 x 50-microL dose, followed by the 1 x 50-
      and 1 x 100-microL doses. The bioavailability of desmopressin from the 2 x 50
      microL dose was 20%, which was significantly greater than the 11% after the 1 x
      50-microL (p less than 0.01) and 9% after the 1 x 100-microL (p less than 0.001)
      doses. The biological response was clearly enhanced after the 2 x 50-microL dose
      compared with the 1 x 50- and 1 x 100-microL doses. The interindividual response
      in F VIII levels to nasal desmopressin ranged from 20 (CV) to 30%, which compared
      favorably with the 36% variation after intravenous administration. This study
      confirms the premetered spray device as the preferred intranasal drug delivery
      system, and shows that by optimizing concentration, volume, and technique of
      administration, a significant enhancement can be obtained in bioavailability and
      clinical efficacy.

PMID- 3379595
TI  - Transport of digoxin into brain microvessels and choroid plexuses isolated from
      guinea pig.
AB  - To characterize the efflux system of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside, from the brain
      to the blood through the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      barrier, the accumulation of digoxin by the brain microvessel or the choroid
      plexus isolated from guinea pig brain was investigated. The accumulation of
      digoxin by the brain microvessel has a saturable component (Km = 0.163 microM,
      Vmax = 0.142 nmol/mL of tissue/min), with a nonsaturable component [Kd = 0.203
      cell-to-medium (C:M) ratio/min] that was decreased by hypothermia (Q10 = 2.9),
      sulfhydryl reagent, and quinidine, but not by a metabolic inhibitor [2,4
      dinitrophenol (DNP)]. It was concentration- and Na+-dependent. The accumulation
      of digoxin by the choroid plexus was also saturable (Km = 1.9 microM, Vmax = 3.8
      nmol/mL of tissue/min), and was decreased by hypothermia (Q10 = 4.4), sulfhydryl
      reagents, ouabain, and quinidine, but not by metabolic inhibitors (DNP, KCN); it
      was also concentration- and Na+-dependent. The binding of digoxin to the
      homogenate of choroid plexus was one-tenth of digoxin accumulation by the intact
      choroid plexus, suggesting that digoxin is transported into the cells and bound
      to the cytosol fraction. The value of (Vmax/Km + Kd) multiplied by the total
      tissue weight of the microvessel per guinea pig is approximately 10-fold that of
      Vmax/Km multiplied by the tissue weight of the choroid plexus, although (Vmax/Km
      + Kd) per milliliter of the microvessel is half the Vmax/Km value of the choroid
      plexus. These findings suggest that digoxin can be excreted from both the brain
      and the cerebrospinal fluid to blood by a carrier-mediated diffusion system which
      is inhibited by quinidine, and that a main route of digoxin efflux from the brain
      to the blood is not through the blood-CSF barrier, but through the blood-brain
      barrier.

PMID- 3379596
TI  - Relationship between lipophilicity and tubular reabsorption for a series of 5
      alkyl-5-ethylbarbituric acids in the isolated perfused rat kidney preparation.
AB  - The renal clearances of a homologous series of six 5-substituted barbituric
      acids, of varying lipophilicity, were examined using a recirculating isolated
      perfused rat kidney preparation. Renal clearance was found to decrease with
      increasing lipophilicity. The renal clearance of the individual compounds was
      shown to be dependent on urine flow, with the dependence increasing with
      increasing lipophilicity. A simple physiologically based model of tubular
      reabsorption, evoking nonequilibrium permeability considerations, is used to
      explain this influence of urine flow on renal clearance. The relationship between
      clearance and tubular permeability was examined with the purpose of integrating
      lipophilicity into the model.

PMID- 3379597
TI  - Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXIII: Effect of acute hypovolemia on
      the pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital in rats.

PMID- 3379598
TI  - New chances, new choices: problems with perinatal technology.

PMID- 3379599
TI  - Decision making in clinical genetics: ethical implications for perinatal nursing
      practice.

PMID- 3379600
TI  - Clinical ethics: a mandate for nursing.

PMID- 3379601
TI  - An ethical decision-making model for the neonatal intensive care unit.

PMID- 3379602
TI  - Ethical dilemmas in resuscitation of the very-low-birth-weight infant.

PMID- 3379603
TI  - Neonatal intensive care: parental prerogatives.

PMID- 3379604
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis: a developing perinatal problem.

PMID- 3379605
TI  - Rubella in the perinatal period.

PMID- 3379606
TI  - Understanding acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: implications for pregnancy.

PMID- 3379607
TI  - Candida infection in the very low birth weight infant.

PMID- 3379608
TI  - Bacterial sepsis in the very low birth weight infant.

PMID- 3379609
TI  - AIDS and the newborn.

PMID- 3379610
TI  - Home ambulatory uterine activity monitoring: a new tool in the management of
      women at risk for preterm birth.

PMID- 3379611
TI  - Infections and prematurity: is there a relationship?

PMID- 3379612
TI  - One approach to preventing preterm birth.

PMID- 3379613
TI  - Nursing management of breast feeding for preterm infants.

PMID- 3379614
TI  - Developmental care of the very low birth weight infant.

PMID- 3379615
TI  - Hyaline membrane disease: future treatment modalities.

PMID- 3379616
TI  - The quality of life.

PMID- 3379617
TI  - Postmarketing drug surveillance: are our priorities right?

PMID- 3379618
TI  - Familial vs sporadic rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of the demographic and
      clinical characteristics of 956 patients.
AB  - We studied the demographic, clinical, and disease severity characteristics of 96
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from multicase families (familial RA+)
      and 860 nonfamilial RA cases (familial RA-) seen consecutively in an outpatient
      rheumatic disease clinic between April, 1976 and August, 1986. Familial RA (+)
      and (-) cases were similar in essentially all demographic, clinical, and disease
      severity characteristics. Subgroups of 2nd generation patients with familial RA
      and sib-sib patients were similar, and neither group differed from the set of
      familial RA (-) individuals. The failure to find differential severity in these
      groups indicates that inferences from studies of families with RA may be
      extrapolated safely to patients with RA at large, but differences between
      rheumatoid factor positive (RF+) and RF (-) patients suggest that RA (+) and RF (
      ) patients should be analyzed separately.

PMID- 3379619
TI  - The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in a rural African population.
AB  - We report the findings of an epidemiological study of the prevalence of
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a rural population. The study was conducted in
      Venda, a very remote part of South Africa. Much of the population still follows
      an age old traditional lifestyle. A detailed hut-to-hut survey of 543 respondents
      comprising 97% of the population of one village was conducted. This included
      clinical, serological and radiological studies. This was supplemented by
      questioning local traditional doctors and showing them photographs of typical
      hand deformities to ascertain if they knew of any cases with these deformities.
      The 3 hospitals draining the area were also surveyed. The detailed survey of 543
      respondents revealed no cases of definite or probable RA using a modification of
      the Rome criteria. No cases were recognized by the traditional doctors. The 3
      hospitals together had 14 cases of definite RA out of a population of about
      520,000. This gave a prevalence of 0.0026%. The marked difference in the
      prevalence of RA in this population as opposed to other Southern African studies
      as well as American and European studies is discussed.

PMID- 3379620
TI  - Factor structure of the Arthritis Helplessness Index.
AB  - The factor structure of the Arthritis Helplessness Index (AHI) was examined using
      principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. Data for the initial
      factor analysis came from a longitudinal study of 368 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA). Two slightly negatively correlated (r = -0.21) subscales emerged:
      internality and helplessness. This analysis was cross-validated twice. Findings
      reveal that the 2 subscales of the AHI are more reliable and valid than the total
      score. The 5 item helplessness subscale, in particular, appears to be a highly
      valid indicator of the degree to which patients with RA feel overwhelmed by their
      disease.

PMID- 3379621
TI  - Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to demographic, medical, and
      psychological factors.
AB  - Our purpose was to investigate the relationship among demographic, medical, and
      psychological factors and self-reported pain in 135 patients with classic or
      definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were examined using the systemic
      index, articular index, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-R, and a
      pain visual analogue scale. Multiple regression analyses found no significant
      relationships between pain and the medical variables. However, age, income, and
      selected psychological variables were significantly correlated with pain reports.
      The greatest pain management challenge occurred in patients who were middle-aged,
      living on limited incomes, and experiencing major stresses in everyday life.
      These high risk pain patients were also worry-prone and felt isolated and lacking
      in social support. Attention to these related psychosocial problems is
      recommended as an important pain management strategy in RA.

PMID- 3379622
TI  - Diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon assisted by color charts.
AB  - A simple questionnaire, combined with color charts consisting of a 12-point color
      scale and a series of photographs illustrating blanching and cyanosis, has been
      developed to assist in the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). The value of
      the color charts alone was first tested on a group of 48 patients with RP in whom
      the RP attacks were witnessed by the investigators (gold standard) and on a group
      of 246 RP negative subjects; the results showed a sensitivity of 90% and a
      specificity of 100%. A short RP diagnostic test was then devised by combining the
      questionnaire and color chart responses, which increased the sensitivity to 100%
      in our gold standard group of RP positive subjects. Further evaluation of this RP
      diagnostic test on a sample of 325 subjects whose RP status was unknown
      demonstrated that the majority could be classified as clearly RP positive or
      negative with only 4 subjects in the intermediate category.

PMID- 3379623
TI  - Pathophysiological effects of endothelial cytotoxic activity derived from sera of
      patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Endothelial cytotoxic activity prepared from sera of patients with progressive
      systemic sclerosis (PSS) causes changes in endothelial cell physiology in vitro
      and in vivo. In the presence of endothelial cytotoxic activity human endothelial
      cell migration and fibronectin production in vitro were strongly reduced.
      Repeated intravenous injection of 1 ml partially purified endothelial cytotoxic
      activity IV once a week into rabbits caused a significant increase of serum
      FVIIIR: Ag, changes in endothelial cells morphology, and generalized dilatation
      of capillaries. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that
      endothelial cytotoxic activity is a slow acting material which may initiate the
      obliterative vasculopathy in PSS by chronic damage of endothelial cells.

PMID- 3379624
TI  - Antibodies to collagen in experimental antigen induced arthritis of the rabbit.
AB  - Fifteen rabbits with antigen (bovine serum albumin) induced arthritis had
      antibodies to collagens type I, II and III detected weekly by passive
      hemagglutination. Antitype I collagen antibodies were detected in 80% of the
      animals in the 3rd week of arthritis; antitypes II and III were found less
      frequently. No anticollagen antibody was detected after the 6th week of
      arthritis. Although the appearance of these antibodies was clearly related to the
      induction of arthritis, results indicate that humoral immunity to collagen is
      unable to initiate or contribute to the perpetuation of synovitis in this
      experimental model. Antibodies to collagen are probably an epiphenomenon of
      articular damage in the antigen induced arthritis of the rabbit.

PMID- 3379625
TI  - Comparison of the inhibitory effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on
      bone prostaglandin synthesis and resorption.
AB  - The biopotency of various nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in
      inhibiting prostaglandin (PG) mediated bone resorption was evaluated in a
      neonatal mouse calvaria organ culture system. Thrombin stimulated formation of
      the osteolytic PG, PGE2 and PGI2 (measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and the
      concomitant stimulation of calcium release from cultured bone were inhibited by
      diclofenac much greater than indomethacin much greater than flurbiprofen greater
      than piroxicam greater than acemetacin much greater than acetylsalicylic acid.
      The relative potencies of the NSAID on PG synthesis in bone differs from that
      observed previously in other model systems.

PMID- 3379626
TI  - An experiment in reducing interobserver variability of the examination for joint
      tenderness.
AB  - This experiment was designed to test the feasibility of reducing interobserver
      variability of the joint examination by agreement on a standard examination. Six
      rheumatologists independently examined 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
      in predetermined order, before and after a standardization of examination
      techniques. Results of an analysis of variance showed a reduction of the percent
      of variability due to observers from 13.8%, before standardization, to 3.2% after
      standardization, and an improvement in the percent variability related to patient
      differences from 70.7%, before standardization, to 86.3% after standardization.
      Such a reduction in observer variability has a potential for allowing a reduction
      in sample sizes required for RA clinical trials.

PMID- 3379627
TI  - Aggressive lesion in osseous sarcoidosis.
AB  - We describe an unusual aggressive lytic bone lesion with "sunburst/hair-on-end"
      periosteal reaction in a patient with surgically proven osseous sarcoid and
      review the pertinent literature.

PMID- 3379628
TI  - Occurrence of Kawasaki disease and systemic lupus erythematosus in a single
      patient.
AB  - A 5-year-old girl who developed systemic lupus erythematosus 3 1/2 years after
      having had Kawasaki disease was found to be homozygous at both class I and class
      II MHC loci. This homozygosity suggests that she may also be homozygous for an
      MHC or non-MHC linked gene that could allow for the appearance of 2 diseases with
      similar immunoregulatory abnormalities, as occurs in the MRL/1pr/1pr mouse model.
      Although this is the first report of the occurrence of a second immunologic
      disorder in a patient with a history of Kawasaki disease, North American children
      who developed Kawasaki disease early in life are only now reaching the age when
      other inflammatory disorders become relatively common. Therefore, this group of
      children will have to be closely observed for the development of other
      inflammatory disorders.

PMID- 3379629
TI  - Cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus with apnea in a patient with cardiolipin
      antibodies and oligoclonal bands.
AB  - We describe a patient with cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had 2
      episodes of prolonged apnea in addition to other manifestations of brainstem
      dysfunction. Oligoclonal bands, uncommonly found in SLE, were detected in the
      cerebrospinal fluid. Also present in our patient were anticardiolipin antibodies
      which have often been reported to be associated with neurological events in
      patients with SLE. With mechanical ventilation and high dose corticosteroid
      therapy, she recovered with only minimal neurological deficit. Our case stresses
      the potential reversibility of life threatening cerebral SLE.

PMID- 3379630
TI  - Dissecting aortic aneurysm in a patient with SLE.

PMID- 3379631
TI  - Gold neurotoxicity and myokymia.

PMID- 3379632
TI  - Auranofin dosage and diarrhea.

PMID- 3379633
TI  - Osteomyelitis pubis in athletes.

PMID- 3379634
TI  - Neisseria meningitis monoarthritis revealing systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 3379635
TI  - Structural organization of the mouse mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase gene.
AB  - Structural organization of the mouse mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (EC
      1.1.1.37) gene was determined by analyzing a genomic DNA fragment isolated from a
      cosmid library. The gene is 12,000 base-pairs long and contains nine exons
      interrupted by eight introns of various sizes. The 5' and 3'-flanking regions,
      and the exact sizes and boundaries of the exon blocks including the transcription
      initiation sites were determined. In the 5'-flanking region, there is neither a
      TATA box nor a CAAT box. Instead of these sequences, there are six copies of the
      GGGCGG or CCGCCC sequence, which is a potential binding site for the
      transcription factor, Sp1. The 5'-flanking region up to about 600 nucleotides is
      G + C-rich (65%) and contains sequences compatible with the formation of a number
      of potentially stable stem-loop structures. S1 nuclease mapping and primer
      extension analysis demonstrated that transcription of the mitochondrial malate
      dehydrogenase gene initiates at multiple sites. Comparison of the nucleotide
      sequence of the promoter region of the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase gene
      with that of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase gene, revealed that
      there are several highly conserved regions between these two mitochondrial enzyme
      genes participating in the malate-aspartate shuttle.

PMID- 3379636
TI  - Structural organization of the mouse aspartate aminotransferase isoenzyme genes.
      Introns antedate the divergence of cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzyme genes.
AB  - We have cloned and characterized a mouse cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase
      (AspAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) gene, which is about 32,000 base-pairs long and is
      interrupted by eight introns. The 5' and 3'-flanking regions, and the exact sizes
      and boundaries of the exon blocks, including the transcription-initiation sites,
      were determined. The 5' end of the gene lacks the TATA and CAAT boxes
      characteristic of eukaryotic promoters, but contains G + C-rich sequences, three
      putative binding sites for a cellular transcription factor, Sp1, and multiple
      transcription-initiation sites. The sequences around the transcription-initiation
      sites are compatible with the formation of a number of potentially stable stem
      loop structures. We compared the structural organization of the mouse cytosolic
      AspAT gene with that of the mouse mitochondrial AspAT gene, which has nine
      introns. We found that the promoter regions share a high level of homology and
      five of the introns are at identical places. This close matching leads to the
      tentative conclusion that the introns were in place before the divergence of
      cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzyme genes.

PMID- 3379637
TI  - X-ray diffraction studies of 14-filament models of deoxygenated sickle cell
      hemoglobin fibers. II. Models based on the deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin crystal
      structure.
AB  - The calculated transforms of a number of crystal-based models of the deoxygenated
      sickle cell hemoglobin fiber have been compared with X-ray diffraction data of 15
      A (1 A = 0.1 nm) resolution. The fiber models consist of 14 single strands of
      sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) molecules, which associate into seven protofilaments
      arranged similarly to those present in the crystal structure. Six of the
      protofilaments are arranged in three crystallographic until cells extending in
      the c-axis direction with the seventh protofilament positioned so as to provide
      an elliptical cross-section when the assemblage is viewed down the fiber axis.
      Models were generated by systematically and independently translating each of the
      model's three subcells in steps of 3.5 A along the fiber axis. The seventh
      protofilament was kept fixed as a point of reference. Each translation of a
      subcell corresponded to a different fiber model whose transform was then compared
      with observed data. In all, over 46,000 transforms were computed; of these, three
      models with minimal residuals were identified. The free energy of packing for all
      crystal-based models was evaluated to find configurations of protofilaments
      possessing minimal free energies. The results of the calculations support the
      subcell configurations of two of the three models with minimal residuals.

PMID- 3379638
TI  - Structures of the mismatched duplex d(GGGTGCCC) and one of its Watson-Crick
      analogues d(GGGCGCCC).
AB  - The mismatched duplex d(GGGTGCCC) (I) and its two Watson-Crick analogues
      (dGGGCGCCC) (II) and d(GGGTACCC) (III) were synthesized. The X-ray crystal
      structures of (I) and (II) were determined at resolutions of 2.5 and 1.7 A (1 A =
      0.1 nm) and refined to R factors of 15 and 16%, respectively. (I) and (II)
      crystallize as A-DNA doublehelical octamers in space groups P61 and P4(3)2(1)2,
      respectively, and are stable at room temperature. The central two G.T mispairs of
      (I) adopt the wobble geometry as observed in other G.T mismatches. The two
      structures differ significantly in their local conformational features at the
      central helical regions as well as in some global ones. In particular, T-G adopts
      a large helical twist (44 degrees) whereas C-G adopts a small one (24 degrees).
      This difference can be rationalized on the basis of simple geometrical
      considerations. Base-pair stacking energies which were calculated for the two
      duplexes indicate that (I) is destabilized with respect to (II). Helix-coil
      transition measurements were performed for each of the three oligomers by means
      of ultraviolet absorbance spectrophotometry. The results indicate that the
      stability of the duplexes and the co-operativity of the transition are in the
      following order: (I) less than (III) less than (II). Such studies may help in
      understanding why certain regions of DNA are more likely to undergo spontaneous
      mutations than others.

PMID- 3379639
TI  - Crystal structure of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 covalently inhibited by p
      bromo-phenacyl-bromide.
AB  - Bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 covalently inhibited by p-bromo-phenacyl
      bromide was crystallized from 50% (v/v) 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. The space group
      was P3(1)21 with cell dimensions a = b = 46.73 A and c = 102.5 A (1 A = 0.1 nm).
      Diffraction data were collected by oscillation photography from one single
      crystal of dimensions 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm. The crystal structure was
      determined to a resolution of 2.5 A by crystallographic refinement of a starting
      model, which consisted of native bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 positioned
      and oriented in the P3(1)21 cell as in the bovine pro-phospholipase A2. The
      crystallographic R-factor decreased from 0.378 to 0.197 after 70 refinement
      cycles. For the greater part the three-dimensional structure was very similar to
      that of native phospholipase. The inhibitor group shows up clearly. However, as
      in solution, there is no calcium ion bound any more in the active site, and this
      causes a significant conformational change in the loop from residue 59 to 73.
      This loop is remote from the calcium binding site. Interestingly, this is the
      same loop that also shows different conformations in other phospholipase A2
      molecules. The inhibitor molecule has hydrophobic interactions with Phe5 and
      Cys45. Rational design of specific and potent inhibitors of phospholipase A2
      catalysis is discussed on the basis of the present three-dimensional structure.

PMID- 3379640
TI  - Structure of an escape mutant of glycoprotein N2 neuraminidase of influenza virus
      A/Tokyo/3/67 at 3 A.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the membrane glycoprotein neuraminidase of an
      escape mutant of the influenza virus strain A/Tokyo/3/67 has been determined to 3
      A (1 A = 0.1 nm) resolution by X-ray diffraction. The mutant virus, selected by
      growing the virus in the presence of a monoclonal antibody to the neuraminidase,
      is shown to have undergone a single amino acid change of lysine to glutamic acid
      at residue 368. The three-dimensional structure of the neuraminidase is identical
      with that reported for A/Tokyo/3/67, except for a purely local adjustment of the
      structure at position 368.

PMID- 3379641
TI  - Preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of canine parvovirus crystals.
AB  - The first diffraction pattern of a crystalline single-stranded DNA virus has been
      obtained. Canine parvovirus was crystallized in a monoclinic P21 unit cell with a
      = 264.4 A, b = 350.3 A, c = 267.8 A and beta = 90.86 degrees (1 A = 0.1 nm). The
      diffraction pattern extends to at least 2.8 A resolution. Packing of the
      particles suggests that they have a diameter around 257 A, in excellent agreement
      with the reported molecular weight of 5.5 x 10(6).

PMID- 3379642
TI  - Structure and evolution of the bovine prothrombin gene.
AB  - The cloned bovine prothrombin gene has been characterized by partial DNA sequence
      analysis, including the 5' and 3' flanking sequences and all the intron-exon
      junctions. The gene is approximately 15.4 x 10(3) base-pairs in length and
      comprises 14 exons interrupted by 13 introns. The exons coding for the prepro
      leader peptide and the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region are similar
      in organization to the corresponding exons in the factor IX and protein C genes.
      This region has probably evolved as a result of recent gene duplication and exon
      shuffling events. The exons coding for the kringles and the serine protease
      region of the prothrombin gene are different in organization from the homologous
      regions in other genes, suggesting that introns have been inserted into these
      regions after the initial gene duplication events.

PMID- 3379643
TI  - Skull development during anuran metamorphosis: I. Early development of the first
      three bones to form--the exoccipital, the parasphenoid, and the frontoparietal.
AB  - In anuran amphibians, cranial bones typically first form at metamorphosis when
      they rapidly invest or replace the cartilaginous larval skull. We describe early
      development of the first three bones to form in the Oriental fire-bellied toad,
      Bombina orientalis--the parasphenoid, the frontoparietal, and the exoccipital-
      based on examination of serial sections. Each of these bones is fully
      differentiated by Gosner stage 31 (hindlimb in paddle stage) during
      premetamorphosis. This is at least six Gosner developmental stages before they
      are first visible in whole-mount preparations at the beginning of
      prometamorphosis. Thus, developmental events that precede and mediate the initial
      differentiation of these cranial osteogenic sites occur very early in
      metamorphosis--a period generally considered to lack significant morphological
      change. Subsequent development of these centers at later stages primarily
      reflects cell proliferation and calcified matrix deposition, possibly in response
      to increased circulating levels of thyroid hormone which are characteristic of
      later metamorphic stages. Interspecific differences in the timing of cranial
      ossification may reflect one or both of these phases of bone development. These
      results may qualify the use of whole-mount preparations for inferring the
      sequence and absolute timing of cranial ossification in amphibians.

PMID- 3379644
TI  - Arterial and venous vasculature of the heart of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus
      leucas).
AB  - The arteries and veins of the heart of the beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)
      are described from the dissection of nine specimens. The arterial distribution is
      composed of the basic mammalian pattern of two major vessels, the left and right
      coronary arteries, which supply the cardiac tissue. The venous drainage is
      provided by three major systems which are the great, middle, and small cardiac
      veins. The vascular characteristics of the heart of the beluga whale are the
      marked sinuosity of both coronary arteries and their main branches, the numerous
      large interarterial anastomoses between major vessels, and the duplication of
      vessels in parallel branches. These characteristics are discussed in functional
      terms and correlated with the diving ability of the species.

PMID- 3379645
TI  - Angiotensinogen gene expression in neuronal and glial cells in primary cultures
      of rat brain.
AB  - Neuronal and glial cells in primary culture prepared from the hypothalamic-brain
      stem areas of one-day-old rat brains were analyzed for the presence of
      angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) to further confirm our previous conclusion
      that the brain contains an exclusive angiotensin system. Angiotensinogen mRNA was
      quantitated by Northern analysis using nick-translated angiotensinogen cDNA as
      the hybridization probe (Kunapuli and Kumar, 1987). Angiotensinogen mRNA
      sequences were present in the RNA isolated from both neuronal and glial cultures.
      Quantitative measurements of the mRNA using dot-blot analysis revealed that the
      level of angiotensinogen mRNA was three times higher in neuronal cultures
      compared with glial cultures. These observations provide the first evidence for
      the synthesis of angiotensinogen in neuronal as well as in glial cells form the
      brain.

PMID- 3379646
TI  - Transplantation of male mouse submaxillary gland increases survival of axotomized
      basal forebrain neurons.
AB  - Transection of the fimbria-fornix results in a loss of magnocellular neurons in
      the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB), possibly due
      to the deprivation of a retrogradely transported trophic substance, such as nerve
      growth factor (NGF), derived from the hippocampal formation. We have utilized a
      transplantation model in which grafts of NGF-rich male mouse submaxillary gland
      were placed in the lateral ventricle adjacent to the MS/VDB of rats with
      transections of the fimbria-fornix. At 2-4 weeks following transection, animals
      with grafted submaxillary glands exhibited enhanced survival of MS/VDB neurons,
      which stained positive for acetylcholinesterase and were immunoreactive for the
      NGF receptor. These experiments demonstrate that grafts of male mouse
      submaxillary gland can facilitate the survival of axotomized MS/VDB cholinergic
      neurons and may therefore prove beneficial in promoting regeneration of damaged
      neural systems.

PMID- 3379647
TI  - Rat interferon enhances the expression of acetylcholine receptors in rat myotubes
      in culture.
AB  - Interferon enhances alpha-bungarotoxin binding on 5-day-old rat myotubes. The
      increase is time- and dose-dependent. KD for alpha-bungarotoxin remains unchanged
      in the presence and in the absence of interferon, while the maximum number of
      binding sites is dramatically affected by interferon. Cycloheximide inhibits the
      effect of interferon, which suggests that the enhancement of alpha-bungarotoxin
      binding depends on protein synthesis.

PMID- 3379648
TI  - Region-specific neuro-astroglial interactions: ultrastructural study of the in
      vitro expression of neuronal polarity.
AB  - Mesencephalic neurons were cultured for 2 days on mesencephalic or striatal
      astrocyte monolayers. The morphology of these neurons was studied in electron
      microscopy. The number of dendritic profiles was higher on mesencephalic
      astrocytes (homotopic neuro-astroglial co-cultures) than on striatal astrocytes
      (heterotopic co-cultures). This increase in the number of dendrites correlated
      with a more mature aspect of the neurons. Striatal neurons were also cultured on
      the astrocytic monolayers. The state of maturation of these neurons was more
      advanced, and the number of their dendrites was higher on striatal than on
      mesencephalic astrocytes. These results confirm and extend the fact that neuronal
      maturation and dendritic growth can be regulated through region-specific neuro
      astroglial interactions (Denis-Donini et al., 1984; Chamak et al., 1987).

PMID- 3379649
TI  - The immunomodulatory effect of nerve growth factor.
AB  - A prolonged application of nerve growth factor (NGF) to neonatal prepuberal rats
      induced selective hypertrophy and hyperfunction of ganglionic sympathetic
      neurons. This was accompanied by higher density and fluorescence intensity of
      varicose adrenergic fibers and terminals in the immunocompetent organs, total
      increase of catecholamines in them, catecholamine diffusion into the
      intercellular space, and their accumulation by macrophages and mast cells. The
      plaque-forming and lymphocyte blast transformation responses were activated,
      signs of increased lymphocyte migration to peripheral lymphoid tissues appeared,
      and histamine concentration in the thymus and spleen increased. All of the
      foregoing indicate the immunomodulatory effect of NGF and the dependence of
      immune responsiveness of the organism on the functional state of the adrenergic
      moiety. The net effect of the increase is attributed to non-specific protein
      sensitization, changes in the sympathetic (and, probably, somatic) nervous
      system, and direct action on immunocompetent cells.

PMID- 3379650
TI  - Maternal dietary restriction causes myelin and lipid deficits in the brain of
      offspring.
AB  - The relationship between brain myelination and nutritional insufficiency in
      suckling rats whose dams had a restricted dietary intake was studied. The
      undernourished pups were characterized by body weight and brain weight that were
      40-70% and 82-88% that of controls throughout the suckling period. Myelin
      concentrations, whether expressed as mg protein or as mg myelin dry weight per g
      wet brain, were 30-40% of normally fed controls. Myelin of undernourished rats
      contained total lipid, cholesterol, phospholipids, and sphingolipids that were
      42, 54, 39, and 48%, respectively of the control counterparts. There was no
      change in the mole ratio of cholesterol:phospholipids:sphingolipids (i.e.,
      cerebroside + sulfatide) in myelin from undernourished rats. Concentrations of
      individual phospholipids and sphingolipids were lowered by approximately the same
      percentage. Despite long-lasting, irreversible stunting of whole-body and brain
      growth, concentrations of myelin and myelin lipids returned to control levels
      after nutritional rehabilitation. Since the observed effects are different from
      those of more commonly used models, the present form of undernutrition may offer
      a useful system for studying the relationship between myelin lipids and brain
      development.

PMID- 3379651
TI  - Heterosis for myelin content is limited to the central nervous system.
AB  - We have recently described a murine model for studying aspects of myelination
      (Seyfried and Yu, 1980; Ebato et al., 1983; Miskimins et al., 1986). This mouse
      shows hypermyelination during the period of most active synthesis of myelin, 9 to
      21 days post-natal. The myelin parameters showing an increase were all measured
      in the central nervous system. We investigated here whether this effect extends
      into the peripheral nervous system. Our results indicate that the
      hypermyelination is limited to the central nervous system.

PMID- 3379652
TI  - The complete nucleotide sequence and structure of the gene encoding bovine
      phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
AB  - A cDNA clone for bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) was
      used to screen a Charon 28 genomic library. One phage was identified, designated
      lambda P1, which included the entire PNMT gene. Construction of a restriction
      map, with subsequent Southern blot analysis, allowed the identification of exon
      containing fragments. Dideoxy sequence analysis of these fragments, and several
      more further upstream, indicates that the bovine PNMT gene is 1,594 base pairs in
      length, consisting of three exons and two introns. The transcription initiation
      site was identified by two independent methods and is located approximately 12
      base pairs upstream from the ATG translation start site. The 3' untranslated
      region is 88 base pairs in length and contains the expected polyadenylation
      signal (AATAAA). A putative promoter sequence (TATA box) is located about 25 base
      pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site. Computer comparison of the
      nucleotide sequence data with the consensus sequences of known regulatory
      elements revealed potential binding sites for glucocorticoid receptors and the
      Sp1 regulatory protein in the 5' flanking region of the gene. Additionally,
      comparison of the sequence of the exons of the PNMT gene with cDNA sequences for
      other enzymes involved in biogenic amine synthesis revealed no significant
      homology, indicating that PNMT is not a member of a multigene family of
      catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes.

PMID- 3379653
TI  - Purification and partial amino acid sequence of bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine
      N-methyltransferase: a comparison of nucleic acid and protein sequence data.
AB  - Recently, we have reported the isolation and characterization of a putative
      genomic DNA clone encoding bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
      (PNMT) (Batter et al., 1988). However, the lack of primary amino-acid sequence
      data for this enzyme precluded a definitive proof of the authenticity of this
      clone. To establish identity, the amino acid sequence of several peptides
      generated by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of purified PNMT was compared to
      that predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the exons of the putative PNMT
      gene. Bovine adrenomedullary PNMT was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,
      gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. Treatment with 70% formic acid
      cleaved the protein at a single Asp-Pro bond near the N-terminus. The purified
      protein was also cleaved at a single methionine residue near the C-terminus by
      treatment with cyanogen bromide. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis
      identified 8 and 10 amino acid residues, respectively, following each of the
      scissile peptide bonds. Four tryptic peptides, generated by complete enzymatic
      digestion, were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and subjected to sequence
      analysis. Combined, the amino acid sequences of these six peptides represent 20%
      of the PNMT protein. These amino acid sequences matched exactly the sequences
      predicted from the exons of the putative PNMT genomic clone.

PMID- 3379654
TI  - Maternal administration of chloroquine: an unexplored aspect of malaria control.
AB  - A health education package, designed to teach women to perceive and treat
      episodes of malaria, was tried in a rural area of The Gambia with no tradition of
      home based antimalarial therapy and a poor working knowledge of malaria. During
      the course of the rainy season, after a period of health education, 67.9% of the
      study mothers dispensed complete courses of chloroquine as instructed. Mothers
      were interviewed either weekly, monthly, halfway through or at the end of the 6
      month study. Mothers interviewed weekly gave 65% more chloroquine than mothers
      interviewed less frequently. The implications of morbidity surveillance on
      chloroquine consumption, and of the study as a whole for Primary Health Care
      programmes are discussed.

PMID- 3379655
TI  - Evaluating the management of diarrhoea in health centres in Mozambique.
AB  - An evaluation of the health centre management of paediatric cases of diarrhoea,
      comprising observation of the consultation, interview of the guardian immediately
      afterwards and home follow-up was performed in one rural and three urban areas of
      Mozambique. Oral Rehydration Therapy was advised for 83% of patients, of whom 71%
      received ORS packets. Eighty-seven per cent of mothers followed up stated that
      they had given ORT, but only 37% had a solution present at the time of interview.
      The main weakness in case management was the lack of health education, especially
      about the quantity of fluid to give, which was reflected in the mothers' belief
      that ORT is a medicine to 'stop the diarrhoea' and their consequent
      administration of it like a syrup, one teaspoonful three times a day. The results
      of the evaluation have facilitated the design of more appropriate health
      education and health worker training materials and methods.

PMID- 3379656
TI  - The effect of a hot dry climate on the haemorrheology of healthy males and
      patients with acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - We studied the influence of an extremely hot dry summer and temperate winter on
      the haemorrheology of 82 healthy males (controls) and 101 male patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The haematocrit (Hct), blood viscosity (B1V)
      and Hct/B1V ratio were measured in these subjects working 'outdoors' and in an
      air-conditioned environment ('indoors'). The 'summer outdoor' controls had a
      higher B1V and a lower Hct/B1V when compared to the 'winter outdoor' controls (P
      less than 0.01), and the 'summer indoor' controls had a lower Hct and Hct/B1V
      when compared to the 'winter indoor' control group (P less than 0.02). The
      haemorrheology of 'winter indoor' AMI patients was not different from the
      controls, except for the Hct/B1V. The 'summer indoor' group had a higher Hct (P
      less than 0.05) and B1V (P less than 0.001) and a lower Hct/B1V (P less than
      0.02) when compared to the controls. 'Summer outdoor' AMI patients had the most
      abnormal haemorrheology of all groups. AMI patients with Hct/B1V less than 7 had
      a significantly higher prevalence of hypotension and shock syndrome compared to
      those whose Hct/B1V was greater than or equal to 7 (P less than 0.05). We
      conclude that in healthy males, there was a seasonal difference in haemorrheology
      which was due to acclimatization to heat. During summer, AMI patients working
      outdoors had the most abnormal haemorrheology on admission and the occurrence of
      complications was also higher in them. We believe that these abnormalities
      resulted due to inadequate adjustments to heat.

PMID- 3379657
TI  - The treatment and outcome of intracranial infections of otogenic origin.
AB  - Of 1321 patients with intracranial (IC) infection studied, the infection occurred
      as a direct result of middle ear disease in 36 (3%). The presenting clinical
      symptoms were those of diffuse meningeal irritation in 23 and of localized
      infection in the remaining 13. In the 23 patients with diffuse meningitis, the IC
      infection followed Acute Suppurative Otitis Media (ASOM) in only four and
      followed Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in the remaining 19. Five of
      these 23 patients died soon after admission as their general condition was very
      severe. The final diagnosis in the 13 patients with localized meningeal
      inflammation was, brain abscess in seven, extradural abscess in four, lateral
      sinus thrombosis in two. All these patients underwent surgery, and except for one
      patient who died 3 days post-operative all recovered without sequelae.

PMID- 3379658
TI  - Clinical aspects of pyogenic liver abscess: the University Hospital of the West
      Indies experience.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of pyogenic liver abscess admitted between 1977 and 1986 are
      presented. A mean age of 43 years (range 5-78) with a 3:1 male:female ratio and
      25% mortality were noted. Fever and abdominal pain were encountered in over 80%
      of cases and anorexia and malaise in over 60%. Hepatomegaly and right upper
      quadrant tenderness were the commonest signs. Leucocytosis, raised alkaline
      phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and hypoalbuminaemia were each
      noted in roughly 80% of cases. None of these showed any prognostic significance.
      Predisposing factors were noted in 11 cases. No cases of associated biliary
      disease were noted. Multiple, polymicrobial, aerobic and mixed aerobic/anaerobic
      abscesses were associated with a higher mortality. Patients aged over 50 years or
      more also had a higher mortality (P less than 0.05). Anaerobic abscesses were
      often solitary and were associated with a lower mortality (P less than 0.05).
      Surgical drainage and guided percutaneous drainage showed no difference in
      morbidity.

PMID- 3379659
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid given in combination to adult
      horses by intravenous and intramuscular routes.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid following administration
      by the intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) routes were investigated in
      six normal adult horses. Following i.v. administration, the ticarcillin
      disposition data conformed to a two-compartment model with an elimination half
      life of 1.0 h. The disposition of clavulanic acid was described by a one
      compartment model with an elimination half-life of 0.40 h. Following i.m.
      administration, the half-lives of both drugs were prolonged (ticarcillin 1.8 h,
      clavulanic acid 1.2 h). The bioavailability of ticarcillin was 84.4% and
      clavulanic acid 94.3%.

PMID- 3379660
TI  - The biphasic effect of clenbuterol hydrochloride on uterine activity of
      ovariectomized ewes.

PMID- 3379661
TI  - Plasma protein binding of theophylline in dogs.

PMID- 3379662
TI  - Plasma protein binding of ketamine and metabolite I in the cat.

PMID- 3379663
TI  - Investigation of pharmacokinetic parameters of tiamulin after intramuscular and
      subcutaneous administration in normal dogs.
AB  - Kinetic variables for tiamulin in the normal dog have been determined. Serum
      concentrations of tiamulin were compared after intramuscular (i.m.) and
      subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a single dose of tiamulin. Following a
      single i.m. dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, the compound was calculated to have a
      Cmax = 0.61 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml, a Tmax = 6 h and a t1/2 = 4.7 +/- 1.4 h.
      Tiamulin showed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics when given as a single s.c. dose
      of either 10 mg or 25 mg/kg body weight. For the lower dose, the values Cmax =
      1.55 +/- 0.11 micrograms/ml, Tmax = 8 h and t1/2 = 4.28 +/- 0.18 h were obtained.
      For the higher dose Cmax = 3.14 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml, Tmax = 8 h and t1/2 =
      12.4 +/- 3.4 h were calculated. When tiamulin was administered subcutaneously at
      a dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight, higher and better maintained serum levels
      were achieved than those following i.m. administration. After repeated s.c. doses
      no significant accumulation of tiamulin occurred. Assuming that a continuous
      effective serum concentration is necessary throughout the course of therapy,
      these data would indicate that tiamulin should be given every 24 h.

PMID- 3379664
TI  - The oxidative metabolism of fenbendazole: a comparative study.
AB  - The oxidative metabolism of fenbendazole (FBZ) was studied in hepatic fractions
      prepared from livers of cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, ducks, turkeys, rats,
      rabbits and catfish. All species produced the sulfoxide metabolite (oxfendazole;
      FBZ-SO), and p-hydroxyfenbendazole (FBZ-OH) was produced by all species except
      sheep. The product of demethoxycarbonylation, fenbendazole amine (FBZ-NH2), was
      not produced by liver preparations of any species. A fourth metabolite, resulting
      from the further oxidation of oxfendazole, fenbendazole sulfone (FBZ-SO2), was
      formed in all species but at highly varying rates. The chicken exhibited the
      highest overall rate of FBZ metabolism, followed by the duck, goat, sheep, steer,
      catfish, rat, rabbit, and turkey. Considerable variation was evident among avian
      species, the duck and turkey produced substantially less of the FBZ-OH and FBZ
      SO2 metabolites than the chicken. Catfish liver preparations formed equivalent
      amounts of metabolite at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C incubation temperatures.
      The formation of the sulfone metabolite (FBZ-SO2), however, was practically
      nonexistent in catfish.

PMID- 3379665
TI  - Hypnoanalgesia with R 8110/fentanyl in the dog: pharmacodynamic and
      pharmacokinetic interactions.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of the short-acting hypnotic R 8110 and
      of the narcotic analgesic fentanyl were studied in the dog. The effects of
      separate intravenous (i.v.) injections of R 8110 (4 mg/kg) and fentanyl (0.015
      mg/kg) and of concurrent i.v. injection of the two were studied. After
      administration of R 8110, induction of hypnosis occurred within 1 min, maximal
      depth of anaesthesia and satisfactory analgesia and muscle relaxation were
      obtained after 5 min. The effects had decreased within 15 min and full recovery
      occurred within 30 min. Fentanyl alone produced neither hypnosis nor muscle
      relaxation. When fentanyl and R 8110 were given simultaneously, the duration of
      hypnosis was doubled in comparison with R 8110 alone. Moreover, markedly improved
      and longer lasting analgesia and muscle relaxation were observed with the
      combination. When the drugs were injected together, the plasma concentrations of
      R 8110 were initially much higher than after separate injection of R 8110, but
      they became similar after 30 min. Although statistically non-significant,
      fentanyl reduced the total plasma clearance of R 8110 (31.1 +/- 6.9 vs. 21.9 +/-
      2.3 ml/kg/min) and decreased the volume of distribution (3.78 +/- 1.83 vs. 2.23
      +/- 0.90 l/kg, P less than 0.05). Fentanyl did not alter the elimination half
      life of R 8110. R 8110 had no apparent influence on the pharmacokinetics of
      fentanyl.

PMID- 3379666
TI  - Influence of inflammation on serum concentration, molecular heterogeneity and
      drug binding properties of canine alpha-1-acid glycoprotein.
AB  - The concentration and the heterogeneity of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (alpha-1
      AGP) and oxprenolol binding were determined in serum of healthy dogs and dogs
      with inflammatory disease. In inflammation, an increase in the mean alpha-1-AGP
      concentration from 0.47 to 2.85 g/l was accompanied by a reduction in the mean
      free oxprenolol fraction from 25% to 6%. alpha-1-AGP concentration and oxprenolol
      binding were inversely correlated. The heterogeneity of canine alpha-1-AGP
      remained essentially unchanged in dogs with inflammation and, in both these dogs
      and the controls, between five and seven forms with different isoelectric points
      and one single concanavalin A-reactive form were detected. It is concluded that
      in dogs, as in humans, oxprenolol binds to serum alpha-1-AGP. Changes in serum
      binding of oxprenolol during inflammation result from a change in the serum
      concentration of alpha-1-AGP rather than a change of molecular heterogeneity.

PMID- 3379667
TI  - Dose-dependent plasma elimination of subcutaneously administered calcium heparin
      in horses.
AB  - Pharmacokinetic parameters for subcutaneous low dose heparin in horses have been
      determined. Four groups of five and one group of eleven mature, healthy horses of
      various breeds were given single subcutaneous injections of 60, 80, 100, 125, and
      150 units of calcium heparin/kg of body weight (U/kg) in the pectoral region.
      Jugular blood samples were collected prior to, and at hourly intervals for 12 h
      after injection. Heparin plasma concentrations were measured using a commercially
      available amidolytic assay. Peak concentrations 4 h after administration were
      0.021 +/- 0.016 (mean +/- SD) units of heparin/ml of plasma (U/ml) after 60 U/kg,
      0.035 +/- 0.025 U/ml after 80 U/kg, 0.023 +/- 0.004 U/ml after 100 U/kg, 0.034 +/
      0.019 U/ml after 125 U/kg, and 0.053 +/- 0.019 U/ml after 150 U/kg. Data from
      groups given 60 and 100 U/kg could not be used for kinetic calculations.
      Elimination constant (l/h), elimination half-life (h), and elimination time (h)
      calculated to reach base-line values after 80 U/kg were 0.182 +/- 0.041 l/h, 3.8
      +/- 0.9 h, and 9.7 +/- 2.2 h. After 125 U/kg, corresponding values were 0.211 +/-
      0.019 l/h, 3.3 +/- 0.3 h, 13.4 +/- 1.2 h, and after 150 U/kg 0.098 +/- 0.015 l/h,
      7.1 +/- 1.1 h, and 20.6 +/- 3.2 h. Calculated heparin concentrations 12 h after
      administration of 80, 125, and 150 U/kg were 0.011 +/- 0.002, 0.010 +/- 0.001,
      and 0.027 +/- 0.004 U/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379668
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of ketamine HCl and metabolite I in the cat: a comparison of
      i.v., i.m., and rectal administration.
AB  - Ketamine HCl [2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino) cyclohexanone HCl]
      concentrations in whole blood were used to study the pharmacokinetics of i.v.,
      i.m., and rectal administrations, at a dose of 25 mg/kg, in normal domestic cats.
      Absorption was rapid with both the i.m. and rectal routes. Systemic availability
      was 51% (SEM 10) for the i.m. dose and 43.5% (SEM 6.1) for the rectal dose. The
      first-pass effect had a minimal influence on the metabolism of ketamine HCl
      administered rectally. The elimination rate constant (beta) of the drug was
      statistically similar in the i.v., i.m., and rectal groups, at a 95% level of
      significance (P less than 0.05). At the dosage rates studied, ketamine HCl
      produced an anesthetic effect in the cat following i.v., i.m. and rectal
      administration.

PMID- 3379669
TI  - The correlation of the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive activity of
      pethidine hydrochloride with plasma concentrations of the drug in sheep.
AB  - The analgesic activity of pethidine was measured in eight sheep using both
      thermal and mechanical test systems. Pethidine, at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg body
      weight given intravenously, produced a significant degree of antinociception to
      thermal pain for 30 min (on average) but gave only a few minutes of significant
      analgesia when tested in the mechanical pressure system. Analgesia in both
      systems was abolished by pretreatment with naloxone. Pharmacokinetic analyses of
      plasma levels of pethidine after intravenous (i.v.) injection were carried out.
      Plasma concentrations of the drug exhibited a rapid biexponential pattern of
      decline with an average distribution half-life of 0.99 min and an elimination
      half-life of 12.8 min. Correlation of plasma levels of the drug with the presence
      of a significant degree of antinociception in the thermal test system enabled
      'critical' analgesic levels of pethidine to be defined for sheep (0.93
      microgram/ml).

PMID- 3379671
TI  - The ideal urinary strainer.

PMID- 3379670
TI  - Iatrogenic colon and rectal injuries associated with urological intervention:
      report of 14 patients.
AB  - Iatrogenic large bowel injuries are a potential complication of many urological
      procedures. During the last 6 years we have cared for 14 patients with iatrogenic
      injuries involving either the colon or rectum. The injuries occurred as a
      complication of radical prostatectomy, percutaneous stone removal, nephrectomy,
      urethral catheter placement, percutaneous suprapubic catheter placement and
      penectomy with associated cystoprostatectomy. One patient died of these
      complications, while in most instances hospitalization was prolonged and
      additional operative intervention often was required.

PMID- 3379672
TI  - External sphincter dyssynergia: an abnormal continence reflex.
AB  - Some of the characteristics of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia were
      examined in 14 patients with traumatic upper motor neuron lesions within 44 weeks
      of injury. The sacral evoked response latencies of the male patients were
      shortened at any time after injury. A continence reflex could be demonstrated in
      most patients at any time after injury. Comparing averaged values for the group
      at 4-week intervals, resting pressure at the external urethral sphincter and post
      void residual volumes reached nadirs at 12 weeks while voiding efficiency peaked
      at this time. Thus, voiding function appears to be optimal 12 weeks after injury.
      During reflex detrusor activity, increases in external urethral sphincter
      electromyographic activity and external urethral sphincter pressure were
      associated clearly with a positive slope of the intravesical pressure trace,
      whereas decreases in both parameters were associated with a negative slope.
      Voiding occurred only during a negative slope. Although propantheline induced
      detrusor areflexia, episodic peaks in external urethral sphincter pressure and
      electromyographic activity continued to occur. We propose that external sphincter
      dyssynergia, which is independent of detrusor contraction, is the continence
      reflex exaggerated owing to the loss of supraspinal influences. We believe that
      the multiple patterns of dyssynergia described previously by others are
      variations, largely owing to technique, of the single pattern we have observed.
      The observation of synergic-like urethral responses in some patients during a
      negative slope of the intravesical pressure, even with complete suprasacral
      spinal lesions, implies existence of a pathway for synergic-like voiding in the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 3379673
TI  - Extravesical subtrigonal injection of 50 per cent ethanol for detrusor
      instability.
AB  - Urinary incontinence with detrusor instability often is refractory to
      pharmacological therapy as well as other conservative modalities. We report the
      results obtained from 10 patients with detrusor incontinence who underwent
      extravesical subtrigonal injection of 50 per cent ethanol. Postoperatively, 9 of
      the 10 patients had conversion to detrusor stability and 6 had an acontractile
      bladder. Of the 10 patients 9 had an excellent result for at least 10 months
      postoperatively with 1 patient requiring 2 additional treatments to convert to
      detrusor stability. Complications included fistula formation in 3 patients,
      requiring primary closure in 2 and ileal diversion in 1. Of the 10 patients 7
      remain dry or vastly improved at a mean of 24 months of followup.

PMID- 3379674
TI  - The relationship of sibling reflux to index patient dysfunctional voiding.
AB  - The rate of sibling reflux in index patients with and without dysfunctional
      voiding symptoms was compared. Of the siblings of index patients with reflux and
      dysfunctional voiding 20 per cent demonstrated reflux compared to 38 per cent of
      siblings of those without symptom of bladder dysfunction. The difference is
      significant and suggests an interaction of genetic and environmental factors.
      These factors are discussed. There remains a need to screen siblings of patients
      with reflux regardless of symptoms of either the index patient or the sibling.

PMID- 3379675
TI  - Medical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux detected in infancy.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1982, 41 neonates and infants with grades II and III
      vesicoureteral reflux (international classification) but with no medical or
      urological complications were treated medically and followed for an average of
      7.5 years. In 33 of the 41 patients the vesicoureteral reflux resolved (group 1)
      and in 8 it persisted (group 2). The severity and frequency of urinary infection
      decreased to a greater degree in group 1 (p less than 0.0005) than in group 2 (p
      less than 0.05). There was no difference in endogenous creatinine clearance
      between the 2 groups. Comparison of kidney length and bipolar parenchymal
      thickness revealed that bipolar parenchymal thickness was significantly less in
      group 2 patients (p less than 0.01). Body weight tended to increase in both
      groups but it was greater in group 1. In both groups height was lower at the time
      of detection of reflux and it approached nearly normal values during followup. It
      is tempting to conclude that early recognition of mild forms of vesicoureteral
      reflux (grades II and III) and systematic medical treatment can preserve renal
      function and promote renal and somatic growth. However, this tendency is less
      pronounced in patients with persistent reflux.

PMID- 3379676
TI  - Partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3379677
TI  - Hemangiopericytoma of the kidney: a case with preoperative ethanol embolization.
AB  - We report a case of a giant renal hemangiopericytoma that was embolized
      preoperatively with ethanol. Ultrasound and computerized tomography showed
      multiple smooth-walled cysts within the tumor. The tumor itself was hypervascular
      and a vascular pattern specific for hemangiopericytoma was noted upon
      reinterpretation of the angiograms. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are
      discussed, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3379678
TI  - Ureteral duplication with lower pole ectopia to the epididymis.
AB  - We report a unique case of a duplex ureter with ureteral ectopia. A 30-year-old
      man presented with a coliform infection of the epididymis and excretory urography
      revealed, in addition to a normal-appearing right renal collecting system, a
      second right ureter that arose from an inferior calix, penetrated the lower pole
      parenchyma and drained directly into the ipsilateral epididymis. The radiological
      evaluation and surgical management are discussed, and several embryological
      explanations for this anomaly are offered.

PMID- 3379679
TI  - Leiomyoma of the bladder causing urethral and unilateral ureteral obstruction: a
      case report.
AB  - We report a case of a vesical leiomyoma that obstructed not only the ureter but
      also the urethra. This entity is rare and to our knowledge it has not been
      described previously in the urological or gynecological literature.

PMID- 3379680
TI  - Preservation of penile length in penile cancer and trauma by use of a pedicled
      flap.
AB  - A surgical technique is described for the treatment of carcinoma and injury
      involving the distal penile shaft in which a standard partial penectomy would
      leave inadequate penile length for satisfactory voiding. As an alternative to
      standard total penectomy with perineal urethrostomy that is used in this
      situation, partial penectomy is performed and a flap of suprapubic and scrotal
      skin is rolled into a new proximal penile shaft covering. This technique offers
      the patient the advantage of voiding in the standing position with a penile
      stump, and the possibility for sexual satisfaction and less physical
      disfigurement.

PMID- 3379681
TI  - Schistosomal orchitis simulating malignancy.
AB  - We report a case of schistosomal orchitis simulating malignancy. The patient
      presented with a unilateral hydrocele, testicular enlargement and loss of
      testicular sensation. Orchiectomy was performed because of suspected malignancy.
      Tissue diagnosis was schistosomiasis. The incidence, pathogenesis and pathology
      of genital schistosomiasis are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.

PMID- 3379682
TI  - Metastatic testicular teratoma invading the inferior vena cava.
AB  - We report a case of a teratoma thrombus within the inferior vena cava subsequent
      to chemotherapy for embryonal carcinoma of the testis. A review of the literature
      indicates that intracaval metastases occur in approximately 1 per cent of the
      patients with bulky retroperitoneal disease. Seminoma and embryonal carcinoma
      have been identified previously within the inferior vena cava, and teratoma is
      now added to that list. The potential lethality of teratoma owing to local growth
      alone is underscored by its intracaval presence in this case. We recommend close
      inspection of the inferior vena cava at operation for bulky disease to exclude an
      intracaval thrombus, as well as complete excision of all residual masses
      following chemotherapy for testis cancer.

PMID- 3379683
TI  - Defective antiadherence activity of bladder extracts from patients with recurrent
      urinary tract infection.
AB  - A substantial body of animal work indicates that the initial first line defense
      against invading microorganisms in the urinary tract is the antiadherence
      activity of the surface mucin layer. Previous work has demonstrated that
      bacterial adherence to anion exchange resin can be used as a model for adherence
      to the mucin deficient rabbit bladder. This anion exchange resin adherence model
      can also be used as a rapid screen for potential antiadherence agents. In vitro
      saline extracts of bladder mucosa from various mammalian species including man
      have been shown to inhibit bacterial adherence to both anion exchange resin and
      the mucin deficient rabbit bladder. The present report investigates the ability
      of in vivo saline bladder washes from several groups of patients to inhibit
      bacterial adherence to anion exchange resin. This has an advantage over other
      methods of quantitation or visualization of mucin since it is the ability of the
      bladder extract to prevent bacterial adherence, and not merely the quantity of
      mucin, that determines the effectiveness of the mucin lining in preventing
      bacterial attachment. Bladder washes from patients with recurrent urinary tract
      infection were significantly less potent at inhibiting bacterial adherence than
      extracts from other groups of patients. This decreased functional antiadherence
      activity of bladder extracts may help explain the frequency of urinary tract
      infection in this group of patients.

PMID- 3379684
TI  - Detection and significance of microscopic hematuria in patients with blunt renal
      trauma.
AB  - Detection of hematuria is paramount in establishing injury to the urinary system.
      In 339 patients with blunt renal trauma in whom radiographic studies defined the
      severity of injury we compared the degree of microscopic hematuria determined by
      dipstick and microscopic urinalysis. The overall correlation between the 2
      methods was low (Pearson's coefficient 0.41). However, more than 80 per cent of
      the urine samples with 50 to 100 red blood cells per high power field
      corresponded to a dipstick result of 3+. The dipstick method had greater than
      97.5 per cent sensitivity and specificity for detection of microscopic hematuria.
      Only 7 of the 339 patients (less than 2 per cent) had a discharge diagnosis of
      other than renal contusion: 5 had renal artery thrombosis or avulsion of the
      renal vessels and 2 had minor cortical lacerations that were managed
      nonoperatively. Although microscopic hematuria may be quantified more accurately
      by microscopic analysis, it can be detected reliably with a high degree of
      sensitivity and specificity by dipstick analysis.

PMID- 3379685
TI  - Cell surface charge in predicting metastatic potential of aspirated cells from
      the Dunning rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model.
AB  - The transplantable Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model has provided
      a series of tumor variants with broad ranges of metastatic potential. We tested
      whether cell surface charge might be related to metastatic potential by measuring
      the electrophoretic mobility of live tumor cells obtained by needle aspiration.
      Cells were aspirated from tumors with low metastatic potential (following
      subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6) tumor cells the H, G and AT-1 variants had less
      than 5% metastases; AT-2 had 5-20%) and were compared to the electrophoretic
      mobility of cells aspirated from highly metastatic tumors (MAT-LyLu, MAT-Lu, AT-3
      had greater than 90% metastases). Electrophoretic mobility expressed in
      mu/sec/volt/cm. was measured on 100 cells from each tumor subline, and the cell
      surface charge expressed as a zeta potential was calculated from electrophoretic
      mobility using the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The average zeta potential
      (+/- S.E.M.) for the four sublines with low metastatic potential was (-17.4 +/-
      0.4 mV) compared to the three sublines with high metastatic potential (-26.5 +/-
      0.7 mV), and the differences were significant (p less than .01) using the Mann
      Whitney Wilcoxon test. Using a zeta potential of -20.5 mV as the cutoff between
      high and low metastatic potential, the sensitivity and specificity of zeta
      potential in predicting metastatic potential in 140 determinations on seven tumor
      lines were 92% and 82.5%, respectively. The predictive value of a positive test
      (value greater than -20.5 mV) was 80% and the predictive value of a negative test
      (value less than -20.5 mV) was 93%. The results support a difference in the cell
      surface charge between these metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors with increasing
      negativity at the cell surface correlating with increased metastatic potential,
      but not with tumor growth rates.

PMID- 3379686
TI  - Sucralfate inhibition of tumor cell implantation in the murine urinary bladder.
AB  - Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has a 50 to 70% recurrence
      rate. Recurrences may be related to tumor cell implantation during transurethral
      resection which disrupts the glycosaminoglycan layer of the bladder. This study
      demonstrated decreased tumor formation in murine bladders which were pre-treated
      with sucralfate, a synthetic glycosaminoglycan, prior to tumor cell instillation.
      These results suggest a possible role for sucralfate as a glycosaminoglycan
      supplement.

PMID- 3379687
TI  - Tolerance to bilateral subcutaneous access nephrostomy in dogs.
AB  - Subcutaneous nephrostomy is a technique which allows access to the renal pelvis
      for physiological study in the experimental animal over a prolonged period of
      time without the complications attendant upon an externally draining appliance.
      One end of an 8 Fr. polyvinyl tube was placed in the renal pelvis at open surgery
      and the other end was capped and buried in the subcutaneous space for subsequent
      access by percutaneous needle puncture. This procedure is preferable to
      surgically created vesical exstrophy, exteriorization of the renal pelvis or
      conventional nephrostomy, techniques which have been proposed for such purposes.
      Tolerance to subcutaneous access nephrostomy was investigated in a group of 10
      dogs followed for periods ranging from six months to two years. It was found that
      bilateral subcutaneous access nephrostomy did not alter kidney function but was
      associated with altered peristalsis. It was also associated frequently with
      bacteriuria, but not pyelonephritis. Neither calcific deposits nor calculi were
      seen as a consequence of the tube, and the procedure was well tolerated by the
      animal although, in some, progressive weight loss was observed. In general, this
      technique proved to be an excellent procedure for prolonged physiological studies
      of the urinary tract in dogs, and might similarly find some clinical application
      in humans.

PMID- 3379688
TI  - Summary of the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney
      Diseases Workshop on Interstitial Cystitis, National Institutes of Health,
      Bethesda, Maryland, August 28-29, 1987.

PMID- 3379689
TI  - Incidental small renal tumors accompanying clinically overt renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - We searched 66 kidneys with renal cell carcinoma for subcapsular or
      intraparenchymal small nodules in the apparently normal-appearing portion of the
      kidney. Differentiation between adenoma and carcinoma was done according to
      histological characteristics. Of the 66 kidneys 20 (30 per cent) contained a
      total of 58 small nodules ranging from 1 to 15 mm. in diameter. In 9 kidneys the
      lesions were consistent histologically with carcinoma, in 7 with adenoma and in 4
      with carcinoma plus adenoma. Thus, 13 of the 66 kidneys (19.7 per cent) contained
      small carcinoma. In view of the high incidence of small carcinoma accompanying
      clinically overt renal cell carcinoma, we suggest that the indications for
      partial nephrectomy in the management of renal cell carcinoma should be
      reevaluated.

PMID- 3379690
TI  - Experience with extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation for renal cell and
      transitional cell cancer of the kidney.
AB  - Of 21 patients who underwent bench surgery for renal malignancies (renal cell
      carcinoma in 16 and transitional cell carcinoma in 5) 15 also had
      autotransplantation and 6 did not. In 5 patients the contralateral kidney was
      removed simultaneously for synchronous bilateral renal malignancy, and 16 had
      cancer in a solitary kidney. In the 3 patients who underwent nephrectomy for
      complications after autotransplantation no evidence of residual tumor was noted
      on histopathological examination. Of 9 patients 1 (11 per cent) had local
      recurrence after successful autotransplantation (renal cell carcinoma). Two
      patients with transitional cell carcinoma died of metastatic disease. Treatment
      failed in 31 per cent of the 16 patients with renal cell carcinoma (metastatic
      disease in 4 and metastatic disease with local recurrence in 1). Removal of
      solitary or synchronous bilateral renal cell cancer by bench surgery with
      subsequent autotransplantation is effective. For high grade transitional cell
      carcinoma of a solitary kidney its value is doubtful without adjuvant systemic
      treatment.

PMID- 3379691
TI  - Time-related recurrence rates in patients with upper tract transitional cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - Disagreement exists about the necessity and frequency of contrast medium imaging
      of the upper urinary tract in patients with transitional cell carcinoma. During a
      10-year period 39 patients were treated for upper urinary tract transitional cell
      carcinoma. There were 3 contralateral recurrences in 33 patients treated by
      nephroureterectomy for the initial lesion. Of 4 patients treated initially by
      segmental ureterectomy or partial renal pelvectomy 1 had an ipsilateral
      recurrence 3 years later. Two patients with bilateral upper tract transitional
      cell carcinoma were treated by simple nephrectomy combined with simultaneous
      contralateral segmental ureterectomy or renal pelvectomy. Both patients had no
      evidence of recurrent tumor after 4 years of followup. Of the 39 patients with
      upper tract transitional cell carcinoma 6 had multiple bladder tumors or
      carcinoma in situ documented on biopsy before the development of an upper tract
      tumor. The interval between the treatment for the last bladder tumor or carcinoma
      in situ was 1 year in 4 patients, 2 1/2 years in 1 and 5 years in 1. Of these 6
      patients 2 had bilateral upper tract tumor occurring at different times. Both
      patients had multiple bladder tumors diagnosed between the development of each
      upper tract lesion. Annual contrast medium imaging of the upper urinary tract is
      recommended in patients who have had multiple bladder tumors and in those who
      have undergone treatment for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

PMID- 3379692
TI  - Pelvic recurrence after radical cystectomy without preoperative radiation.
AB  - Between March 1, 1983 and December 31, 1985, 178 patients underwent radical
      cystectomy without preoperative radiation on the urology service at our
      university hospital and tumor institute. Of the patients 33 per cent received
      postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Over-all, the pelvic recurrence rate was 6
      per cent. The recurrence rate by stage was stage O/A 2 per cent, stage B 5 per
      cent, stage C 6 per cent and stage D 15 per cent. The results demonstrate that
      adequate local control can be achieved without routine use of preoperative
      radiation.

PMID- 3379693
TI  - Neodymium:YAG laser therapy for infiltrating bladder cancer.
AB  - There were 32 high risk patients with stages T2 to T4 bladder cancer treated with
      neodymium:YAG laser irradiation to the tumor base after cautery resection between
      July 1981 and October 1986. All 12 patients with stage T2 disease followed for 6
      to 78 months had no recurrence locally although 4 had stage T1 recurrences
      elsewhere in the bladder. Of 14 stage T3 cancer patients 8 demonstrated tumor
      persistence locally but 3 were well 4 to 24 months later without local recurrence
      (all stage T3a) and 3 were alive 14 to 24 months later with stage T1 recurrences.
      Of 6 stage T4 cancer patients 4 obtained reasonable hemorrhagic control with
      laser irradiation used for palliation purposes. A 90-year-old man with stage T3b
      disease died 5 days postoperatively of a myocardial infarct but no bladder or
      bowel perforation was documented. We believe that neodymium:YAG laser irradiation
      is a safe alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer in selected patients.

PMID- 3379694
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of oxybutynin in geriatric patients.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of oxybutynin were examined among 21
      elderly (mean age 84 years) patients with urge incontinence and detrusor
      instability or hyperreflexia. The drug did not accumulate to high levels after a
      week of treatment at dosages of either 2.5 or 5 mg. 3 times per day, and the mean
      peak level on 5 mg. among the elderly (12.5 ng. per ml.) was not statistically
      different than the mean peak level reported after the same dosage in young
      healthy men (8.9 ng. per ml., p equals 0.4). There were no clinically meaningful
      changes in heart rate, blood pressure or intraocular pressure during the
      treatment periods. Two-thirds of the patients suffered at least 1 side effect,
      most commonly dryness of the mouth that was not severe enough to warrant
      discontinuation of the drug. These data suggest that oxybutynin chloride at
      dosages of 2.5 to 5 mg. 3 times per day is safe for use in the elderly, even
      among octogenarians. Statements about its effectiveness and efficacy in the
      geriatric population must await controlled clinical trials.

PMID- 3379695
TI  - Periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injection following urethral reconstruction
      in female patients with urinary incontinence.
AB  - We present our results with periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytef)
      injection after urethral reconstruction in 20 female patients with urinary
      incontinence. These patients have failed previous urethral reconstructive
      procedures to cure incontinence, including Young-Dees-Leadbetter bladder neck
      reconstruction, transvaginal urethroplasty, transvaginal urethral plication and
      vesical flap urethroplasty. Of the patients 4 also underwent a bladder
      augmentation procedure. After polytetrafluorethylene injection 10 patients (50
      per cent) were cured of the incontinence, 2 (10 per cent) had marked improvement
      from the preoperative condition, 5 (25 per cent) had definite improvement but
      still wear pads for protection and 3 (15 per cent) had no change from the
      preoperative condition. Bladder pressure recordings did not demonstrate a
      difference in results among patients with detrusor stability or instability.
      Periurethral polytetrafluoroethylene injection remains a valuable procedure in
      the management of persistent incontinence after bladder neck and urethral
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3379696
TI  - Results of carbon dioxide laser therapy and topical 5-fluorouracil treatment for
      subclinical condyloma found by magnified penile surface scanning.
AB  - Previously we demonstrated a 68 per cent recurrence rate for subclinical penile
      human papillomavirus infections found by magnified penile surface scanning and
      treated with the carbon dioxide laser. In this report it is shown that the
      addition of a regimen of adjuvant topical 5-fluorouracil does not lower the
      recurrence rate. This knowledge combined with the evidence for a subclinical
      urethral reservoir of human papillomavirus implies that any strictly topical
      therapy will fail at 4 months of followup and that improved systemic therapy may
      be needed.

PMID- 3379697
TI  - Selective penile venography: anatomical and hemodynamic observations.
AB  - Penile venographic studies were reviewed to determine the basic radiographic
      anatomy and hemodynamics. A total of 14 patients underwent 17 selective deep
      venographic studies in association with planned transcatheter venous ablation. In
      addition, radiography of the glans was performed in 9 patients and superficial
      dorsal venography was done in 5. These studies provided a much clearer
      demonstration of penile venous anatomy than did cavernosography. Important new
      observations were that the crural perforators were discretely visualized and
      observed to empty into the medial portion of the internal pudendal veins; flow in
      the internal pudendal veins was observed to be potentially bidirectional; the
      confluens of veins at the base of the pre-prostatic plexus served as a conduit
      through which catheters and sclerosants could be directed to all major portions
      of the deep penile venous system; in impotent patients at least contrast medium
      usually refluxed from the deep veins into the erectile bodies during a Valsalva
      maneuver; direct communications between deep and superficial venous systems were
      few or nonexistent in the penis, and the glans drained primarily via the deep
      dorsal penile vein.

PMID- 3379698
TI  - Ex situ study of the effectiveness of enucleation in patients with renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - We wished to identify the efficacy of enucleation (excavation) in the treatment
      of renal cell carcinoma. Surgical specimens from 26 patients with polar or
      peripheral lesions, 50 per cent of which were found incidentally by computerized
      tomography scan, were considered amenable to this form of treatment and were
      studied by ex situ enucleation after standard radical nephrectomy. Eleven
      patients were determined to have unsuccessful enucleation after histopathological
      study demonstrated capsular invasion, vascular invasion, residual tumor in the
      bed or multicentric tumors. Preoperative computerized tomography assessment did
      not accurately predict success of enucleation. The presence of a fibrous
      pseudocapsule of compressed renal parenchyma, which might facilitate a dissection
      plane and successful enucleation, did not correlate with tumor size. Microscopic
      examination of pseudocapsular integrity frequently revealed areas of thinning,
      disruption and penetration by neoplasm. When parenchymal preservation is
      necessary in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, as wide a margin of adjacent
      renal parenchyma as possible should be excised with the tumor. In this study
      enucleation alone was associated with a significant risk of incomplete excision
      and, therefore, potential for treatment failure. We do not recommend enucleation
      in the presence of a normal contralateral kidney.

PMID- 3379699
TI  - Snap-Gauge band versus penile rigidity in impotence assessment.
AB  - We examined the ability of the Snap-Gauge band to differentiate rigid from
      nonrigid erections in men complaining of impotence. A total of 80 patients was
      measured by a Snap-Gauge band and via technician assessment of erectile rigidity
      while undergoing nocturnal penile tumescence testing. The Snap-Gauge band
      correctly diagnosed 77.5 per cent of the patients with a sensitivity of 70 per
      cent and specificity of 80 per cent. The Snap-Gauge band is inexpensive compared
      to sleep laboratory testing and it is relatively reliable. We conclude that the
      Snap-Gauge band has a role in impotence assessment and it can function as a
      screening device in evaluation of this problem.

PMID- 3379700
TI  - Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 in impotent men.
AB  - Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 was used in 210 men as a screening
      test for the differential diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence. Of these 210
      patients 112 entered an autoinjection protocol for treatment of erectile
      dysfunction. Prostaglandin E1 appears to be effective in the diagnosis and
      treatment of nonvasculogenic impotence because it is a physiological agent that
      is metabolized locally within the cavernous tissue. Additionally, in our series
      neither systemic reactions nor priapism occurred, nor was fibrosis of cavernous
      tissue or scar formation observed after up to 90 injections.

PMID- 3379701
TI  - Prevalence of corporeal venous leakage in impotent men.
AB  - To provide insight into the prevalence of corporeal venous leakages as a factor
      in impotence, 44 consecutive impotent men who failed to achieve an erection after
      intracorporeal papaverine injection underwent dynamic infusion cavernosometry and
      cavernosography. If venous leakage is defined as either a failure to increase
      intracorporeal pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure or a rapid
      decrease in intracorporeal pressure after cessation of saline infusion during
      cavernosometry, 30 of the 44 men (68 per cent) fall into this category. If
      cavernosography (43 men) is used to define the presence of a venous leakage in
      these impotent patients 37 (86 per cent) fall into this category. These data
      support recent observations that there is a high incidence of venous leakage as
      defined by these criteria in men with organic impotence. The significance of
      these findings can be determined only once a similar study in age-matched potent
      men is performed.

PMID- 3379702
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the penis.
AB  - Malignant melanoma of the penis is rare and accounts for only a small percentage
      of penile carcinomas. We report the largest series and the longest followup of
      patients with this disease. The tumor usually presents as a small, brown or black
      lesion, often ulcerating, on the glans penis. Stage I disease (confined to the
      penis) can be treated conservatively by distal penectomy and results in excellent
      survival. Palpable inguinal lymph nodes and nodes associated with thick cutaneous
      lesions require surgical exploration. Stages II (node positive) and III
      (metastatic) diseases carry a poor prognosis, mainly because of the lack of
      effective adjuvant systemic therapy.

PMID- 3379703
TI  - Transdermal testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men.
AB  - Hypogonadism, either primary or secondary, results in diminished libido and/or
      impotence. Conventional treatment consists of periodic intramuscular injections
      (usually bimonthly) of a depot testosterone preparation or daily oral ingestion
      of methyl testosterone. These conventional treatments may be associated with side
      effects, such as gynecomastia, liver function abnormalities and edema. A new
      method of administering testosterone is by daily application of a transdermal
      therapeutic system. We studied the efficacy and safety of the transdermal
      therapeutic system in 4 hypogonadal men. Three patients were treated for 12 weeks
      and 1 for 7 weeks, and they were evaluated weekly. Of 4 patients 3 had
      improvement in erectile and/or sexual function. Mean plasma testosterone levels
      increased significantly compared to pre-treatment values during 7 of 12 treatment
      weeks. There were no adverse effects of the transdermal therapeutic system as
      indicated by serial physical examinations, daily reports, blood chemistry
      studies, liver function tests, urinalysis and hematological profiles. This
      preliminary report of transdermal testosterone delivery indicates that it may
      provide an effective alternative method of gonadal steroid replacement.

PMID- 3379704
TI  - Men with congenital absence of the vas deferens often have seminal vesicles.
AB  - The absence of semen fructose and low ejaculate volume in men with congenital
      absence of the vas deferens have been attributed to an associated agenesis of the
      seminal vesicles. Because vasography and retrograde seminal vesiculography cannot
      be performed in these men, this association has never been confirmed reliably.
      Therefore, we performed computerized tomographic scans of the seminal vesicles on
      26 men with absence of the vas deferens. We found seminal vesicles bilaterally in
      12 of these men, unilateral hypoplasia or absence in 8 and bilateral hypoplasia
      or absence in 6. Four men with normal seminal vesicles and 1 with unilateral
      hypoplasia underwent exploration in an attempt to find reconstructable vasa. We
      failed to identify a vas deferens in any of these men. These observations suggest
      that negative semen fructose and low ejaculate volume in men with absence of the
      vas deferens may be owing to agenesis or obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts
      rather than absent seminal vesicles.

PMID- 3379706
TI  - Medical organization policies about tobacco use.

PMID- 3379705
TI  - Turn-of-century high school class may turn tide against tobacco use.

PMID- 3379707
TI  - Ischemic cardiac disease: damaged hearts, lonely hearts seem to act
      independently.

PMID- 3379708
TI  - Concerns, challenges of keeping nation's food supply safe in 21st century being
      studied now.

PMID- 3379709
TI  - AIDS recommendations leave federal officials to ponder: where do we go from here?

PMID- 3379710
TI  - Another AIDS report ready.

PMID- 3379711
TI  - From the Assistant Secretary for Health.

PMID- 3379712
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Human ehrlichiosis--United States.

PMID- 3379713
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Chronic disease control activities of medical and dental
      organizations.

PMID- 3379714
TI  - The risk of suicide in persons with AIDS.

PMID- 3379715
TI  - Vertical transmission of HIV.

PMID- 3379716
TI  - Compelled medical treatment of pregnant women.

PMID- 3379717
TI  - Blow-blow-blow.

PMID- 3379718
TI  - Long hours and risks to and from residents.

PMID- 3379719
TI  - The spider as a possible source of tularemia.

PMID- 3379720
TI  - Messages from afar.

PMID- 3379721
TI  - Cigarette smoking as a risk factor in stroke.

PMID- 3379722
TI  - Mycosis fungoides in the United States. Increasing incidence and descriptive
      epidemiology.
AB  - The etiology of mycosis fungoides is obscure, and the risk factors for its
      occurrence are poorly documented. This investigation uses data from nine US
      population-based cancer registries to investigate the descriptive epidemiology of
      this disorder. From 1973 through 1984, 721 newly diagnosed cases of mycosis
      fungoides were reported to these registries (0.29 cases per 100,000 population
      per year). A dramatic increase in the incidence of mycosis fungoides was noted
      over the period of this study. The incidence was highest among the elderly.
      Blacks were twice as likely to be afflicted as whites, and the incidence among
      men was more than twice the incidence among women. The geographic variation in
      incidence was associated with several demographic variables, including population
      density, family income, and concentration of physicians. Analysis of mortality
      among these patients revealed no evidence of detection bias.

PMID- 3379723
TI  - Quality medical care. A definition.
AB  - This article offers a definition of quality medical care. Quality itself is
      defined not as consisting of the properties of an object but rather as the
      capacity of these properties to achieve goals. Accordingly, quality medical care
      is the capacity of the elements of that care to achieve legitimate medical and
      nonmedical goals. This definition is compared with other current definitions. I
      offer answers to the questions of how to choose goals, who chooses goals, and
      what are legitimate goals. Implications of this definition are discussed,
      particularly with reference to chart review. Because patient values shape goals
      and because these values are not always assessed and recorded, it is recommended
      that a formal assessment of patient values become part of the patient's record.

PMID- 3379724
TI  - Ulcerative colitis and steroid-responsive, diffuse interstitial lung disease. A
      trial of N = 1.
AB  - We describe a patient with ulcerative colitis and extracolonic manifestations in
      whom diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease developed that was responsive to
      glucocorticoid therapy one year after total proctocolectomy. The patient
      presented in December 1983 with a subacute course marked by cough and progressive
      exertional dyspnea, abnormal chest examination results, and a chest roentgenogram
      that revealed diffuse interstitial and alveolar infiltrates. A transbronchial
      biopsy specimen revealed a polymorphic interstitial infiltrate, mild interstitial
      fibrosis without apparent intraluminal fibrosis, and no vasculitis, granulomas,
      or significant eosinophilic infiltration. Within one week of the initiation of
      daily high-dose steroid therapy, the patient's symptoms dramatically improved;
      chest roentgenogram and forced vital capacity (60%) improved at a slower rate.
      All three measures deteriorated when alternate-day prednisone therapy was started
      but once again improved until the patient was totally asymptomatic, chest
      roentgenograms were normal, and forced vital capacity was 80% of the predicted
      value 2 1/2 years later.

PMID- 3379725
TI  - Effect of repeated whole blood donations on serum immunoreactive erythropoietin
      levels in autologous donors.
AB  - The effect of repeated phlebotomy on serum immunoreactive erythropoietin levels
      was studied prospectively in 69 autologous blood donors. At the time of the
      initial phlebotomy, 11 men (33%) and two women (6%) were anemic; during the
      course of blood donations, anemia (defined as a hematocrit less than 0.41 for men
      and less than 0.36 for women) developed in an additional 17 men (71%) and 14
      women (45%). Although there was an increase in the level of serum immunoreactive
      erythropoietin with successive phlebotomies, the increase was not substantially
      out of the normal range. The lack of an erythropoietic response to repeated
      phlebotomies in association with the small increment in the serum erythropoietin
      level was not due to iron deficiency, since the level of red-cell free
      protoporphyrin did not increase in these patients. We conclude that within the
      hematocrit range permissible for autologous blood donation, the degree of anemia
      experienced is insufficient to initiate an adequate increase in erythropoietin
      production; as a consequence, mild anemia develops in a majority of donors, and
      the volume of blood donated is inadequate to meet their operative needs.

PMID- 3379726
TI  - Medical liability reform. A conceptual framework.

PMID- 3379727
TI  - SI unit implementation--the next step.

PMID- 3379728
TI  - A piece of my mind. Out of service.

PMID- 3379729
TI  - Initiative aims to bring depression out of shadows, spurs help-seeking.

PMID- 3379730
TI  - Heart's response to stress may predict subsequent hypertension in black children.

PMID- 3379731
TI  - Center provides approach to major social ill: homeless urban runaways,
      'throwaways'.

PMID- 3379732
TI  - Survey: blood donations, transfusions, and AIDS.

PMID- 3379733
TI  - Do obese persons mirror thin counterparts in calorie intake, recall of food
      consumed?

PMID- 3379735
TI  - Stapling muscle biopsy specimens to prevent artifacts.

PMID- 3379734
TI  - Leads from the MMWR. Prevention and control of influenza.

PMID- 3379736
TI  - Use of the hospital in a randomized trial of prepaid care.

PMID- 3379737
TI  - Idiopathic cellulitis of facial soft tissue.

PMID- 3379738
TI  - If your uneaten food moves, take it to a doctor.

PMID- 3379739
TI  - Desipramine for interstitial cystitis.

PMID- 3379740
TI  - Diagnostic testing and immunotherapy for allergy.

PMID- 3379741
TI  - The permanent artificial heart.

PMID- 3379742
TI  - Power line-generated electromagnetic fields.

PMID- 3379743
TI  - Empirical therapy for the management of acute proctitis in homosexual men.
AB  - An effective empirical treatment regimen would provide a more rapid and less
      expensive approach to the management of homosexual men with acute proctitis. We
      conducted a randomized trial in 129 homosexual men who presented with acute
      proctitis, comparing treatment with an empirical regimen (4.8 million U of
      aqueous penicillin G procaine intramuscularly and 1.0 g of probenecid orally,
      followed by 100 mg of oral doxycycline twice daily for seven days) with specific
      therapy for each infection as it was recognized. Therapy with the empirical
      regimen resulted in more rapid resolution of the symptoms of proctitis, the
      objective signs of proctitis, and the infecting microorganisms. However, nearly
      one fourth of the patients, primarily those with unrecognized herpes simplex
      virus proctitis, did not respond to empirical therapy. We recommend empirical
      therapy coupled with appropriate pretreatment diagnostic testing for the initial
      management of acute proctitis in homosexual men with no clinical evidence of
      acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex.

PMID- 3379744
TI  - Comparison of critical care provided by family physicians and general internists.
AB  - Privilege conflicts and credentialing issues involving family physicians' care of
      hospitalized patients are controversial areas. This study compares the process
      and outcome of critical care provided by family physicians and general
      internists. We studied 523 patients admitted by these specialists to the medical
      intensive and cardiac care units of a large regional hospital over a one-year
      period. The length of stay and readmission rate in the intensive care unit and
      hospital, severity of illness, discharge diagnosis, proportion who died, time
      until death of those who died, consultation rate, and hospital charges did not
      differ significantly between patients cared for by physicians in the two
      specialties. Application of Cox's proportional hazard model to the data indicated
      the risk of death to be significantly related to patient race, age, and severity
      of illness, but not to physician specialty. Regression analysis of several
      morbidity variables showed no relationship to physician specialty. Lack of
      differences in outcome and process in the hospital studied leads us to believe
      that both family physicians and general internists are entitled to have equal
      access to the care of patients in critical care units.

PMID- 3379745
TI  - Protecting the uninsured. Use of state risk-pools. Council on Medical Service.
AB  - Society already bears a large part of the costs attributable to the lack of
      adequate health expense protection for the uninsured, whether through lost
      manhours and productivity resulting from the postponement of needed medical
      attention or through defraying the economic burden of uncompensated care. The
      question, therefore, is not whether such costs should be met, but how they can be
      met in a way that best maintains and preserves the health of the needy while
      apportioning this cost equitably over all sectors of the American economy. The
      Council on Medical Service believes that the establishment of state risk-pools
      with the modifications suggested in this report, coupled with the other AMA
      policy initiatives identified at the beginning of this report, will go a long way
      toward meeting the needs of the uninsured population.

PMID- 3379746
TI  - Massive osteolysis of the right clavicle developing after radiation therapy.

PMID- 3379747
TI  - The use of extracorporeal rewarming in a child submerged for 66 minutes.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old girl had a good neurologic recovery after submersion in cold
      water for at least 66 minutes; as far as we know, this is the longest time ever
      reported. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was maintained for more than two hours
      before the initiation of extracorporeal rewarming in this child who had a core
      temperature of 19 degrees C. To our knowledge, this is the first successful use
      of extracorporeal rewarming in a child suffering from accidental hypothermia.
      Extension of this technique to children offers rapid rewarming and cardiovascular
      support for pediatric victims of severe hypothermia. We emphasize the importance
      of a coordinated response by the entire emergency medical system integrated with
      hospital-based personnel. Where it is geographically feasible, regionalization of
      triage and care for the pediatric victim of severe accidental hypothermia should
      be considered.

PMID- 3379748
TI  - Drowning mortality in Los Angeles County, 1976 to 1984.
AB  - Drowning is the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury death in Los Angeles
      County. We examined data collected by the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office on
      drownings that occurred in the county from 1976 through 1984. There were 1587
      drownings (1130 males and 457 females) during this nine-year period, for an
      annual rate of 2.36 drownings per 100,000 persons (3.44 for males and 1.33 for
      females). The largest proportion of drownings (44.5%) for both sexes, and in
      almost every age group, occurred in private swimming pools. Children 2 to 3 years
      of age had the highest swimming-pool drowning rate (7.95). The elderly also
      experienced high drowning rates, primarily in swimming pools and bathtubs.
      Drowning-site profiles varied dramatically by age and sex. These findings
      indicate a need for Los Angeles County to address the problem of drownings among
      infants and toddlers in private swimming pools and to investigate the failure of
      regulations requiring fencing of swimming pools to prevent these deaths. These
      findings also suggest several potential opportunities for preventive intervention
      by physicians and demonstrate that health professionals cannot rely on national
      drowning-site profiles when developing local drowning prevention strategies.

PMID- 3379749
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum. Defective DNA repair causes skin cancer and
      neurodegeneration.

PMID- 3379750
TI  - Use of state risk-pools in protecting the uninsured.

PMID- 3379751
TI  - Drowning, near-drowning, and ice-water drowning.

PMID- 3379752
TI  - A piece of my mind. Light in the afternoon.

PMID- 3379753
TI  - Glaucoma and ocular pigment.

PMID- 3379754
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of tongue cancer].
AB  - Fourty-four patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue have been treated
      by surgery. Twenty-two out of 44 patients were treated by a glossectomy alone and
      the remaining 22 by en bloc dissection with a glossectomy and neck dissection.
      The 5-year cumulative survival rate of these 44 cases was 86.1%, broken down as
      follows: stage I (20 cases), 100%; stage II (9 cases), 88.9%; stage III (11
      cases), 72.7%; and, stage IV (4 cases), 50%. Four cases had a recurrence in the
      primary site, and 6 in the cervical region. Five out of 44 cases died (4 from
      tongue cancer, and one from other causes). Further, 3 out of 5 cases died of a
      recurrent cancer in the primary focus or in the neck. Thus, it has been concluded
      that control of the primary focus and neck metastasis is important for the
      treatment of tongue cancer, and that surgery also is an excellent therapy for
      tongue cancer.

PMID- 3379755
TI  - [Cytophotometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content in oral squamous cell
      carcinoma--relation between nuclear DNA content and clinico-pathologic findings].
AB  - Cytophotometric analysis has been performed on Feulgen-stained nuclei in smears
      taken from 48 biopsy specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. The
      results were correlated with the clinico-pathologic findings of the tumor. DNA
      histograms were graded into three patterns: P-I (2C-2C), P-II (2C-6C) and P-III
      (2C-beyond 6C). DNA patterns of the carcinoma of the clinical stage I, II tended
      to be P-I, II and those of stage III, IV were mostly P-II, III. DNA patterns of
      carcinomas which were well differentiated and poorly pleomorphic with a few
      number of mitoses, were mostly P-I, whereas those which were poorly
      differentiated and remarkably pleomorphic with a many number of mitoses were
      mostly P-III.

PMID- 3379756
TI  - [Evaluation of surgical results and prediction of prognosis by analysis of serum
      tumor marker levels: proposal of a theory tested on patients with medullary
      thyroid carcinoma].
AB  - A theory to evaluate the benefit of surgery and to predict the prognosis in
      patients with a malignant tumor by analysis of serum tumor marker levels is
      proposed, and an analysis of 67 patients with a medullary thyroid carcinoma is
      reported as an example of its application. This theory incorporates the following
      concepts: the tumor marker doubling time, the reduction index, the expected
      prolongation of survival by surgical therapy, and the expected duration of
      survival after surgery. These parameters allow a quantitative judgement of the
      surgical therapy and a quantitative prediction of the subsequent prognosis as
      demonstrated in patients with a medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 3379757
TI  - [A comparative morphological study of gastric and colorectal cancer--differences
      in early type IIc and advanced type 4 cancer].
AB  - Five hundred and nineteen gastric and 883 colorectal cancers have been compared
      macroscopically according to their Japanese classification. Most early cancers
      were found to be of a protruded (I and IIa) type in the intestine and a depressed
      (IIc) type in the stomach, and it is felt that their histogenesis in the mucosa
      may play an important role in causing this difference. Type 4 advanced cancer is
      common in the stomach, but rare in the intestine. Histologically, most type 4
      gastric cancers present scirrhous findings. Type 4 colorectal cancers can be
      classified into 4 groups based on their pathological characteristics, such as
      lymphangiosis, muconodular, mixed, and scirrhous types.

PMID- 3379758
TI  - [A case of leukoencephalopathy caused by HCFU].
AB  - After a hysterectomy, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, two courses of intra
      peritoneal chemotherapy of Cisplatinum, Carmofur (HCFU, 600 mg/day [per os]) were
      given a patient who had ovarian granulosa cell tumor (malignant, stage Iai).
      Dizziness and loss of consciousness developed about 60 days after administration
      of HCFU, and leucoencephalopathy was diagnosed. A CT revealed a diffuse low
      density area in the white matter of the cerebrum. Myelin Basic Protein in the
      spinal fluid was found to amount to 9.8 mg/dl, which in norm. person is less than
      4.0 mg/dl. Also, it showed parallel changes with the course of the clinical
      findings. HCFU easily dissolves to fat and changes to 5-FU without enzymes in the
      liver cell. Further HCFU also passes through Blood Brain Barrier to Produce 5-FU
      and its derivatives, in which the alpha-Fluoro-beta-Alanine is thought to be the
      culprit that brings on leucoencephalopathy. Even so, HCFU should be dosed when
      needed in spite of this risk. Other 5-FU modifiers also have been reported to
      produce the same effect in several cases.

PMID- 3379760
TI  - [A resected case of adenosquamous-carcinoma of the lung].
AB  - A resected case of an adenosquamous carcinoma of lung diagnosed from sputum and
      trans-bronchial-aspiration cytology is reported. The patient, a 39-year-old
      woman, was identified by mass screening testing for pulmonary cancer. Sputum
      cytology and trans-bronchial-aspiration cytology conducted by means of a
      bronchofiberscope revealed the presence of both an adenocarcinoma and squamous
      carcinoma cells. A histologic examination of the resected lung revealed the
      adenosquamous carcinoma. This case is very rare in having been diagnosed before
      surgery, and by sputum cytology which was very available.

PMID- 3379759
TI  - [Esophageal cancer developing 13 years after radiotherapy of lung cancer].
AB  - This paper reports on an autopsied case manifesting an esophageal cancer that had
      developed 13 years after radiotherapy for lung cancer. The patient was a 61-year
      old man. He was found to have a squamous cell carcinoma of the right lower
      bronchus with a swelling of the mediastinal and left supraclavicular lymph nodes
      in July of 1973. He received 60 Gy of irradiation in the right lung, the
      mediastinum, and the left supraclavicular region. Later, after doing well until
      August of 1986, a squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was found at the upper
      intrathoracic site. Thus, he also received additional radiotherapy but died of
      pneumonia after this local recurrence 7 months later. At autopsy, no local
      recurrence of the primary lung cancer was found. The site of esophageal cancer
      was far from that of the primary lung cancer though it was included in the
      previous treatment ports. This suggests the possibility that the primary
      esophageal cancer had been induced by therapeutic irradiation. So far as we know,
      this is the first report of esophageal cancer that may have developed after
      irradiation for lung cancer.

PMID- 3379761
TI  - [A case report of advanced ovarian cancer with chronic renal dysfunction treated
      by CDDP i.p].
AB  - Reported in this paper is a case of a 56-year-old female patient who was
      diagnosed as having an ovarian cancer (stage T 4) with a renal dysfunction (CCr
      30.5 ml/min). We instilled CDDP intra-peritoneally (CDDP-ip), taking into
      consideration the peritoneal clearance (CLp.). The administration of sodium
      thiosulphate also was combined. The low CLp. of this case (299.2 ml/h) made it
      possible to instill a high dose in the peritoneal cavity and a low dose in the
      plasma. This method provided enough of anti-tumor effect and kept the renal
      function safe. We believe that the CLp. is the most important factor in
      determining the effect and side effects of CDDp-ip.

PMID- 3379762
TI  - [Colitis--recent trends and countermeasures. Bacterial infections].

PMID- 3379763
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease].

PMID- 3379764
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease; symptoms and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel
      diseases].

PMID- 3379765
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease; complications and countermeasure].

PMID- 3379766
TI  - [Inflammatory bowel disease; surgical therapy].

PMID- 3379767
TI  - [Intestinal polyps and polyposis; long-term follow-up and prognosis].

PMID- 3379768
TI  - [Benign colonic tumors; problems on classification--with special reference to
      colonic adenoma].

PMID- 3379769
TI  - [Benign colonic tumors; clinical aspects].

PMID- 3379770
TI  - [Colonic neoplasms; international agreement on the staging of neoplasms and
      epidemiologic studies].

PMID- 3379771
TI  - [Colonic neoplasms; precancerous conditions and risk factors].

PMID- 3379772
TI  - [Colonic cancer; problems of early diagnosis. 2. Radiographic and endoscopic
      diagnosis].

PMID- 3379773
TI  - [Colonic cancer; methods of therapy and postoperative complications].

PMID- 3379774
TI  - [Colonic cancer; liver metastasis and its prevention].

PMID- 3379775
TI  - [Ischemic colitis].

PMID- 3379776
TI  - [Diverticular disease of the colon].

PMID- 3379778
TI  - [Irritable bowl syndrome].

PMID- 3379777
TI  - [Megacolon].

PMID- 3379779
TI  - [Hematologic diseases and colonic dysfunction].

PMID- 3379780
TI  - [Colonic diseases due to various therapeutic agents].

PMID- 3379781
TI  - [Liver diseases and colonic dysfunction].

PMID- 3379782
TI  - Major prognostic factors of adult patients with advanced B-cell lymphoma treated
      with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisone and doxorubicin (VEPA) or VEPA
      plus methotrexate (VEPA-M).
AB  - Eighty-two adult patients with advanced B-lymphoma, treated between 1981 and 1983
      with VEPA (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and doxorubicin) or VEPA-M
      (VEPA plus methotrexate) in a prospective randomized fashion, were evaluated for
      pretreatment characteristics. The overall complete response (CR) and the 4-year
      survival rates were 74% and 45%, respectively. The relapse rate was 51%. Stage of
      disease only was negatively associated with the CR rate in a multivariate
      analysis. The primary extranodal tumor site other than upper gastrointestinal
      (GI) tract and high grade pathology were found to affect disease-free survival
      adversely in a Cox proportional hazards model. Poor performance status, advanced
      stage, primary extranodal tumor site other than upper GI tract, advanced age,
      high grade pathology and prior therapy by either surgery or radiation, were
      significantly associated with shortened survival in a Cox proportional hazards
      model. These results indicate advanced B-lymphoma in Japan to be generally
      similar to advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the West in terms of prognostic
      factor characteristics, but the importance of the primary site in predicting
      survival has not been reported in the West. Also, the lack of a survival plateau
      in patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma indicates more intensive
      chemotherapy regimens than VEPA or VEPA-M to be needed. It was also found that
      the significant prognostic factors in patients with advanced B-lymphoma were very
      different from those with T-lymphoma. The five factors: pathology, stage, primary
      site, age, prior therapy by surgery or radiation, for which the risk ratio was
      more than 2.3, were used to construct a model containing 23 categories of
      patients running an increasing risk of shortened survival; this divided patients
      into three groups. The CR and 4-year survival rates of low-, moderate- and high
      risk groups were 90% and 74%, 74% and 58%, and 50% and 5%, respectively. The risk
      grouping provides indications for determining optimal therapy for individual
      patients and the need for new therapeutic trials in patients at high risk.

PMID- 3379784
TI  - A case of double cancer (pancreatic and ovarian adenocarcinomas) diagnosed by
      exfoliative and fine needle aspiration cytology.
AB  - A case of double cancer (pancreatic and ovarian adenocarcinomas) in a woman
      suggested by exfoliative and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is reported.
      Exfoliative cytology, including immunohistochemical findings of the biliary juice
      and those of clinical image examinations indicated tubular adenocarcinoma of the
      pancreatic body. FNA cytologic findings with immunohistochemical observation and
      those of ultrasound examination showed mucinous adenocarcinoma of the right
      ovary. As a rare event, pancreatic cancer metastasized to ovarian carcinoma.

PMID- 3379783
TI  - Histological changes in recurrent soft tissue sarcomas: analysis of 56 patients.
AB  - Histological changes in 56 patients with recurrent soft tissue sarcomas (STS)
      were analysed. The original tumors included 23 malignant fibrous histiocytomas,
      five liposarcomas, four leiomyosarcomas, four synovial sarcomas, four neurogenic
      sarcomas, four dermatofibrosarcomas and 12 other assorted tumor types. The
      histological features of the recurrent tumors which underwent changes included
      increased cellularity, an increased number of mitotic figures, extension of
      sclerotic areas and the appearance of a storiform pattern; these were found in
      30%, 43%, 41% and 29% of cases, respectively. No case showed a histological
      change from one subtype to another. A follow-up study revealed increased
      cellularity and mitotic counts in the recurrent tumors to be signs of an
      unfavorable prognosis.

PMID- 3379785
TI  - Right iliac metastasis occurring eight years after resection of invasive bladder
      cancer: a case report.
AB  - A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder which metastasized to the
      right ilium eight years after resection of the original tumor without recurrence
      in the urinary tract is reported. Both the original and metastatic tumors were
      shown by immunoperoxidase technique to contain carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
      The patient received a combination of intra-arterial chemotherapy, irradiation
      and hyperthermia with partial response.

PMID- 3379786
TI  - [Advances in diagnostic enzymology in liver diseases].

PMID- 3379788
TI  - [Laboratory medicine and medical ethics--with special reference to standpoint of
      patients].

PMID- 3379787
TI  - [Diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of fulminant hepatitis].

PMID- 3379789
TI  - [Studies on the activities of urinary N-acetyl-beta, D-glucosaminidase in
      diabetic patients].

PMID- 3379790
TI  - [1H-NMR urinalysis: simultaneous screening of inborn errors of metabolism of
      amino acid and organic acid disorders].

PMID- 3379791
TI  - [Clinical study on lipid bodies in the urinary sediment].

PMID- 3379792
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of a familial Y/15 translocation].

PMID- 3379793
TI  - [Studies on platelet function, especially platelet fibrinogen, in patients with
      thrombasthenia and essential athrombia].

PMID- 3379794
TI  - [Mast cells in the central nervous system of man--migration capacity through the
      blood brain barrier].

PMID- 3379795
TI  - [Clinicopathological study on the carcinoma of the papilla of Vater].

PMID- 3379796
TI  - [The application of laser-disk for the storage and processing of physiological
      signals].

PMID- 3379797
TI  - Glycolipids of rat glomerular mesangial cells: antibody against the cells reacts
      specifically to isoglobotetraosylceramide.
AB  - Cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells had relatively simple glycolipid
      composition which comprised mainly monoglycosylceramide, diglycosylceramide,
      isoglobotetraosylceramide and GM3. Beside these glycolipids, sulfatide, polar
      gangliosides and an unknown neutral glycolipid were detected in whole kidney and
      tubules. Polyclonal antibody against the cultured rat mesangial cells, which
      induced glomerular injury in vivo, bound specifically with
      isoglobotetraosylceramide.

PMID- 3379798
TI  - Basic studies on the laboratory assessment of macrofilaricides using Brugia
      malayi in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus. 1. Longevity and periodicity of
      microfilaremia.
AB  - The longevity and periodicity of microfilaremia were examined in the jird
      infected with Brugia malayi to be used for assessing the filaricides. Jirds 4 to
      6 weeks old were inoculated subcutaneously with 100 to 200 infective larvae of B.
      malayi. Microfilariae were present in 75 out of 94 jirds observed over 3 years
      and high microfilaremia, with 10 mf/microliters or higher, developed in 43 out of
      75 jirds. Such a high level of microfilaremia was necessary for narrowing the
      variation of microfilaria counts among the blood samples. The microfilaria
      negative jirds, 4 months after inoculation, were abandoned, because in those
      cases where they became patent later the microfilaria density did not reach an
      appropriate level. The selected jirds were used for experiment from 6 to 15
      months after inoculation when most of them revealed the maximal count of
      microfilariae. The jirds that failed to develop microfilaremia to the level of 10
      mf/microliters by 9 months after inoculation were also abandoned because they did
      not continue the appropriate level of microfilaremia even when they reached this
      level later. Although a significant periodicity was observed only in of 10 jirds
      examined by the Aikat and Das method, the peak hour of microfilaria density was
      observed in most animals in the afternoon and the time was nearly the same in
      each animal. Therefore, the blood sampling would be performed preferably in the
      afternoon.

PMID- 3379799
TI  - Basic studies on the laboratory assessment of macrofilaricides using Brugia
      malayi in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus. 2. Establishment and evaluation of a
      new method of macrofilaricide assessment.
AB  - Jird infected subcutaneously with infective stage larvae (L3) of Brugia malayi
      were evaluated as an animal model for assessing macrofilaricides using a method
      of observing the change in microfilaria (mf) density but not by recovering adult
      worms. The animals were treated with a test compound followed by
      diethylcarbamazine (DEC) at 50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days for clearing the
      existing mf from the blood stream. A continuous decrease in mf density was
      observed when jirds were treated with flubendazole. Nevertheless, slow recovery
      of mf density was observed in the jirds which were given suramin or Mel W,
      indicating that mf productivity of female worms was continuing after DEC
      treatment. The results obtained by monitoring microfilaremia corresponded with
      those obtained by recovery of adult worms at autopsy, suggesting that the system
      of L3-induced B. malayi jird model is useful for testing macrofilaricides.

PMID- 3379800
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange in children with congenital heart disease.

PMID- 3379801
TI  - [Nursing eye: on the possibility of improvement in students' attitudes--based on
      responses to patients and the basic daily attitude seen in actual examples].

PMID- 3379802
TI  - [The establishment of licensed social welfare counselors: background for the
      development of the system and education of personnel. A view by the nursing
      profession of the new system].

PMID- 3379803
TI  - [The establishment of licensed social welfare and nursing welfare counselors.
      Supplement 1. Outline of the bill introducing the systems of social welfare and
      nursing welfare counselors].

PMID- 3379804
TI  - [The establishment of licensed social welfare and nursing welfare counselors.
      Supplement 2. Qualifications for social welfare and nursing welfare counselors].

PMID- 3379805
TI  - [The establishment of social welfare and nursing welfare counselors. Supplement
      3. Report by the committee evaluating facilities training social welfare and
      nursing welfare counselors and their qualifying examinations].

PMID- 3379807
TI  - [Introduction to rational therapy. 7. Rational therapy for children. A picture
      book for children illustrating rational therapy].

PMID- 3379806
TI  - [The relationship between the attitude to learning and behaviors of Thai nursing
      instructors and factors affecting their performances].

PMID- 3379808
TI  - [Nursing eye: current problems of the modern nursing students and their
      training].

PMID- 3379809
TI  - [Position of geriatric nursing in nursing education].

PMID- 3379810
TI  - [An attempt at improving peer tutoring capacity of nursing students in clinical
      training].

PMID- 3379811
TI  - [A manual for clinical training in obstetrical nursing: the basic section on
      bathing of the newborn].

PMID- 3379812
TI  - [Difficulty in adaptation by new nursing students to the new environment and
      management of their problems].

PMID- 3379813
TI  - [Introduction to rational therapy. 8. Rational therapy and Japanese proverbs].

PMID- 3379814
TI  - [Nursing eye: a nursing supervisor's experience in teaching and learning together
      with the nursing staff].

PMID- 3379815
TI  - [Methods in teaching technology at a 2-year junior college course].

PMID- 3379817
TI  - [Training in nursing with emphasis on body movements].

PMID- 3379816
TI  - [The current status of teaching of nursing technology and future problems as seen
      in the literature].

PMID- 3379818
TI  - [On the problem of the sex of the patient in nursing education: planning of
      teaching nursing theories].

PMID- 3379819
TI  - [The effect of the introduction of role-playing in basic nursing education].

PMID- 3379820
TI  - [Introduction to rational therapy. 9. Conclusions and advice to nurses].

PMID- 3379821
TI  - Influence of reduction of cytoplasmic ATP on catecholamine secretion from intact
      and digitonin-permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells.
AB  - The effect of the metabolic inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on the
      concentration of cytoplasmic ATP and the activity of catecholamine secretion was
      studied using cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The pretreatment of the
      cells with DNP resulted in a decrease in the concentration of cytoplasmic ATP.
      Catecholamine secretion evoked by either carbamylcholine or high K+ was also
      reduced by DNP pretreatment. Oligomycin caused a significant decrease in both
      cytoplasmic ATP concentration and catecholamine secretion. In contrast, neither
      the ATP level nor the secretory response was affected by 2-deoxyglucose.
      Similarly, catecholamine release from digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells in
      response to a direct calcium challenge was reduced by pretreatment of the cells
      with DNP, and this reduction was partially prevented by the presence of ATP in
      the permeabilizing medium. These results suggest that ATP in the cell cytoplasm
      may play an important role in the regulation of catecholamine secretion as a
      factor modulating the activity of the exocytotic process in the adrenal
      chromaffin cell.

PMID- 3379822
TI  - Sex differences in [3H]nitrendipine binding and effects of sex steroid hormones
      in rat cardiac and cerebral membranes.
AB  - The sex differences and regulation by sex steroid hormones in calcium channels
      were studied by using [3H]nitrendipine binding to cardiac and cerebral membranes
      in 15-week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The maximal number of
      binding sites (Bmax) in the hippocampus of female SHRs increased by 24.1% over
      that in male SHRs. In the females, the Bmax values in the cardiac, striatal,
      thalamic and hippocampal membranes from ovariectomized SHRs decreased by 34.7,
      29.9, 29.3 and 26.9%, respectively, compared to normal SHRs. This phenomenon,
      except for the hippocampus, was inhibited by estradiol but not by testosterone.
      In the male, the Bmax values in cardiac and cerebral membranes showed almost no
      changes after orchidectomy or treatment with estradiol or testosterone. After
      gonadectomy, the Bmax values in the cardiac, striatal and thalamic membranes of
      females decreased by 30.2, 33.0 and 35.6%, respectively, compared to those in
      males. The changes in apparent dissociation constant (KD) values were less
      remarkable than those in the Bmax values. These findings suggest that sex
      differences exist in the calcium channels of the heart, striatum, thalamus and
      hippocampus, and they suggest that estradiol, but not testosterone, may play a
      part in the regulation of the calcium channels in female SHRs.

PMID- 3379823
TI  - Solubilization, characterization and partial purification of [3H]mepyramine
      binding protein, a possible histamine H1 receptor, from rat liver membrane.
AB  - [3H]Mepyramine binding protein, a possible subtype of histamine H1 receptors, was
      solubilized from rat liver membrane with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]
      1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) and Tween 60 as detergents and glycerol as an enhancer
      of solubilization. The optimal concentration of CHAPS was 10 mM and that of
      glycerol was 20% or more (v/v). The molecular weight of the [3H]mepyramine
      binding protein-detergent complex was determined to be 670K by Sepharose CL-4B
      gel filtration and 800K by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. By target size
      analysis, the molecular weights of both the membrane-bound and solubilized
      [3H]mepyramine binding protein were determined to be 162K. These values are
      similar to those of other well-characterized H1-receptor proteins, though
      slightly different. Simultaneous computerized analysis of the data obtained by
      [3H]mepyramine binding to the solubilized [3H]mepyramine binding protein
      indicated the presence of a single binding site with a KD value of 19.0 +/- 5.6
      nM and a binding capacity (Bmax) of 6.6 +/- 2.1 pmole/mg protein. The Ki value of
      cold mepyramine for [3H]mepyramine binding to the solubilized receptor was 20 +/-
      4 nM, whereas those of diphenhydramine, d-chlorpheniramine and triprolidine were
      all 2.9 +/- 0.8 microM, or about 150 times that of mepyramine. These data on the
      molecular and binding characteristics of the solubilized protein reported here
      suggest that there is a subtype of histamine H1 receptor in rat liver membrane.
      The solubilized preparation retained 90% and 75% of its [3H]mepyramine binding
      activity after storage at -80 degrees C and 4 degrees C, respectively, for 20
      days. The solubilized [3H]mepyramine binding protein was purified 30-fold by
      Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration, Bio Gel HTP hydroxylapatite, Octyl Sepharose 4B
      and hydroxylapatite HPLC column chromatographies.

PMID- 3379824
TI  - Effects of nicotine on ambulatory activity in mice.
AB  - Nicotine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously to mice decreased the
      ambulatory activity recorded by an ambulo-meter in a dose-dependent manner from 5
      to 60 min after the administration, and the higher dose (1.0 mg/kg) caused a long
      lasting ataxia. To be noted was the initial increment of ambulation which usually
      preceded the ataxia-inducing effect with every dose of nicotine, and the lowest
      dose (0.10 mg/kg) employed herein induced only the increasing effect on
      ambulation recorded for the first 20 min after its administration. The ataxia
      inducing effect of nicotine (1.0 mg/kg) was attenuated by the pretreatment with
      mecamylamine (0.4-2.0 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, though the attenuating
      effect waned at a higher dose (4.0 mg/kg). In contrast, pretreatment with either
      hexamethonium (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) or atropine (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) did not
      affect the ataxia-inducing effect of nicotine. Atropine when administered alone
      was found to markedly increase the ambulatory activity at the doses used for the
      pretreatment. Measurement of the time-dependent change of [3H]-nicotine level in
      brain tissue after its subcutaneous injection revealed that there is a good
      correlation between the brain levels of the alkaloid and the intensity of its
      ataxic effect rather than the initial increasing effect on ambulation. The
      results obtained herein suggest that nicotine exerts its ataxic effect centrally,
      but the site and type of the receptor stimulated by nicotine remains to be
      identified.

PMID- 3379825
TI  - Metabolism of platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in acidified platelet concentrates.
AB  - The present study was designed to understand the metabolism of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5HT), a dense granule constituent of platelets, in
      acidified platelet concentrates (PC) during in vitro storage in polyvinylchloride
      plastic containers at 22 degrees C. High-performance liquid chromatographic
      analysis showed that significant amounts of 5HT and its metabolites, 5
      hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5HIAA), were detected in the
      plasma of all PC stored for 3 days with a pH below 6.0, measured at 37 degrees C.
      PC with a platelet number over 7 x 10(10) cells maintained low PO2 values. Rapid
      fall in pH occurred in these PC with low PO2 values. The rate of lactate
      production of platelets increased several fold because of an insufficient oxygen
      supply to them. In PC with a sufficient supply of oxygen, the adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) production rates were estimated to be 8 nmol/min/10(9)
      platelets. In PC acidified below pH 6.0, the oxidative phosphorylation nearly
      ceased, and glycolysis was also inhibited: ATP production rates averaged 1
      nmol/min/10(9) platelets at 3-day storage. Numerous clusters of platelet
      aggregates were found in acidified PC, and platelets changed into spherical
      shapes with accompanying swelling. These platelets did not respond to adenosine
      triphosphate and failed to produce shrinking when suspended in hypotonic
      solutions. 5HT was not metabolized in acidified platelet-poor plasma. These data
      suggest that the metabolic activity of platelets was impaired when the pH of the
      PC fell below 6.0, leading to the release of platelet 5HT into the plasma. A
      substantial amount of 5HT might be metabolized by platelet monoamine oxidase into
      5HIAA and 5-hydroxytryptophol.

PMID- 3379826
TI  - In vitro effects of various heterocyclic thiol compounds and beta-lactam
      antibiotics on vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamylcarboxylation activity in liver
      microsomes.
AB  - The in vitro effect of N-methyltetrazolethiol (NMTT), one of the common
      substituents at the 3'-position of the cephem in various beta-lactam antibiotics,
      on liver microsomal gamma-glutamylcarboxylation (gamma-carboxylation) activity
      was examined using solubilized rat liver enzyme. The enzyme activity was
      inhibited by coexisting with NMTT and NADH, and this inhibitory activity could be
      suppressed by the addition of a sulfhydryl compound such as dithiothreitol (DTT),
      glutathione or cysteine. Various five-membered heterocyclic thiol compounds
      exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of microsomal gamma-carboxylation
      activity. These inhibitory actions diminished markedly in the presence of 1 mM
      DTT. In vitro gamma-carboxylation activity also decreases upon addition of
      various beta-lactam antibiotics at 1 or 10 mM, depending upon the concentration
      of the drug. Among the heterocyclic thiol compounds, there is a correlation
      between their inhibitory activities and hydrophobicities. Thus, the in vitro
      inhibitory activity of heterocyclic thiol compounds and beta-lactam antibiotics
      on microsomal gamma-carboxylation activity is not correlated with their molecular
      structures, but rather depends on their hydrophobicities and with the
      concentrations in the reaction mixture.

PMID- 3379827
TI  - Purification of the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinases from
      lung and liver, and the comparison to the brain enzyme.
AB  - We purified the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (calmodulin
      kinase) from rat lung and rabbit liver, and compared the properties of this
      enzyme with those of the rat brain enzyme. The lung and liver enzymes had
      molecular weights (Mr's) of 530,000 and 330,000 with main subunits of 52 and 51
      kDa, respectively. Although the lung and liver enzymes cross-reacted with
      antibodies to the brain enzyme, the immunoreactivity of the lung enzyme was
      weaker. The substrate specificity of the three enzymes showed differences in the
      relative reaction rate of phosphorylation. The patterns of phosphopeptides of the
      lung and liver enzymes were similar to each other and only partly common to that
      of the 60-kDa subunit of the brain enzyme.

PMID- 3379828
TI  - A new method for studying working memory by using the three-panel runway
      apparatus in rats.
AB  - We designed a new method for studying working memory, by using a repeated
      acquisition procedure in the three-panel runway apparatus. This apparatus is
      composed of a start box, a goal box and four consecutive choice points; each
      choice point consists of three panel gates. Male Wistar rats were trained with 6
      consecutive trials (one session) per day. Each trial was performed every two
      minutes. In this apparatus, rats could pass through only one gate (correct gate)
      among three panel gates in the direction of the goal box and were given 100 mg
      food pellets as the positive reinforcement. The sequence of correct gate position
      in each rat was changed everyday, but not in each session. Error responses
      (pushing the incorrect gate) were gradually reduced as training was repeated, and
      the learning was established within 16 training sessions to achieve criterion
      performance. Intraperitoneal scopolamine and intrahippocampal ethylcholine
      aziridinium ion (AF64A) produced increases in both the number of errors and the
      latency in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in errors induced by AF64A did
      not return to the control level, though the prolonged latency returned to normal.
      As a conclusion, this experimental procedure using the three-panel runway
      apparatus would be a useful method for studying working memory, and its memory
      deficit is involved at least in the dysfunction of the cholinergic system in the
      hippocampus.

PMID- 3379829
TI  - Inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on increased vascular permeability caused
      by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and some chemical mediators in rats.
AB  - Effects of hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone on IgE antibody
      mediated homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and mediator-induced skin
      reactions were investigated. PCA and skin reactions were evoked at the same time
      in the dorsal skin of a rat. Administrations of glucocorticoids inhibited not
      only the PCA but also the skin reactions caused by histamine, serotonin and
      leukotriene (LT) C4 significantly. It is suggested, therefore, that
      glucocorticoids inhibit the increase of vascular permeability non-specifically.
      This action of glucocorticoids might contribute at least in part to its
      inhibitory effect on the PCA.

PMID- 3379830
TI  - Activities of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with L-dopa as substrate in
      brush-border- and basolateral membranes and cytoplasm obtained from rat renal
      cortex.
AB  - Activities of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) with L-dopa as its
      substrate were determined in the plasma membranes and other cellular components
      isolated from rat renal cortex. The cytoplasm contained a high level of AADC
      activity, but much lower levels were found in the brush-border- and basolateral
      membranes. The main site involved in the formation of dopamine from L-dopa was
      considered to be the cytoplasm, with participation of neither the brush-border-
      nor the basolateral membranes.

PMID- 3379831
TI  - Studies on 5-fluoro-alpha-methyltryptamine and p-chloro-beta
      methylphenethylamine: determination of the MAO-A or MAO-B selective inhibition in
      vitro.
AB  - To further clarify highly MAO-A- or -B-selective inhibitory properties of 5
      fluoro-alpha-methyltryptamine (5-FMT) and p-chloro-beta-methylphenethylamine (p
      CMPEA), we determined the types and K1 values of inhibition of rat brain MAO-A
      and -B activity in vitro. The kinetic data obtained showed that 5-FMT is a
      competitive MAO-A-selective inhibitor with about a 18,000-fold higher sensitivity
      than MAO-B. In contrast, p-CMPEA is a competitive MAO-B-selective inhibitor with
      about a 620-fold higher sensitivity. Based on the present findings of highly MAO
      A- or -B-selective inhibition, these two compounds might prove to be of value in
      in vivo studies.

PMID- 3379832
TI  - Different antagonistic effects of bunazosin and ketanserin on the norepinephrine
      induced vasoconstriction in isolated, perfused canine and simian skeletal muscle
      arteries.
AB  - Blocking activities of bunazosin and ketanserin on norepinephrine (NE)-induced
      vasoconstrictions were investigated in isolated, perfused canine and simian
      skeletal muscle arteries. NE caused an increase in perfusion pressure in a dose
      related manner to almost the same extent in both canine and simian arterial
      preparations. Bunazosin and ketanserin inhibited NE-induced vasoconstrictions
      much more readily in simian arteries than in canine arteries. The mechanisms for
      the different adrenolytic activities of alpha 1-antagonists between these two
      arteries were discussed.

PMID- 3379833
TI  - Plasma glutathione S-transferase in carbon tetrachloride treated rats and its
      association to hepatic cytosolic isozymes.
AB  - The effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment on plasma and liver cytosolic
      glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities was investigated in rats. CCl4 was
      intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg. The elevation of plasma
      GST activity paralleled the increase of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase
      activity after the administration of CCl4. Liver cytosolic GST activities were
      significantly decreased by CCl4 treatment. To establish the relationship of
      plasma GST with liver cytosolic isozymes, Western blot analysis using antibodies
      against cytosolic GST 1-2 and 3-4 was performed. The Western blots showed the
      existence of GST 1-2 and 3-4 in plasma at 24 hr after CCl4 treatment. The data
      thus strongly suggest that cytosolic GSTs are lost from the liver to plasma as a
      consequence of liver damage. The Western blot analysis of plasma GST may be
      useful for monitoring liver damage.

PMID- 3379834
TI  - Responsiveness of monkey skeletal muscle arteries to vasoconstrictor substances
      before and after cold storage.
AB  - The stainless steel cannula inserting method was used to observe effects of alpha
      adrenoceptor agonists, 5-HT and KCl before and after cold storage (3-5 days, at 4
      degrees C) in skeletal muscle branches of the simian deep femoral artery.
      Epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), methoxamine (MT) and
      5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced marked monophasic vasoconstrictions in a dose
      dependent manner. 5-HT induced a greater vasoconstriction in larger diameter
      vessels (old animals) than that in smaller ones (young animals), suggesting age
      related responses. A selective alpha 2-stimulant, clonidine (CLO) or xylazine
      (XYL), produced only a slight vasoconstriction. Tyramine (TYR) also produced only
      a slight vasoconstrictor response. The order of potencies for inducing
      vasoconstrictions was EPI greater than or equal to 5-HT greater than or equal to
      NE greater than MT = PE much greater than KCl greater than CLO = XYL = TYR. The
      vasoconstrictor responses to all used adrenergic agonists and 5-HT were not
      significantly influenced by the prolonged cold storage. However, KCI-induced
      constrictions were significantly suppressed by the cold storage. These results
      suggest that the postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptor in simian skeletal muscle
      arteries is mainly of the alpha 1-type. Since cold storage caused a significant
      suppression of the KCl-induced response but not those of adrenoceptor agonists
      and 5-HT, it was considered that the mechanism of calcium entry to the vascular
      smooth muscle of skeletal muscle arteries might be significantly damaged by the
      cold storage.

PMID- 3379836
TI  - Factors influencing fibrin-induced pulmonary edema.
AB  - Effects of depth of anesthesia, pH of fibrinogen and thrombin, and interventions
      in the vagus nerves on the development of fibrin-induced pulmonary edema were
      examined in the rat. Rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of
      pentobarbital sodium, 25 or 50 mg/kg. Solutions of fibrinogen and thrombin at the
      same pH were separately injected into the cisterna magna. The pH values were
      adjusted to 6.5 or 8.5 with Tris buffer. Interventions in the vagus nerves, which
      consisted of atropine administration at a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.v. or bilateral
      vagotomy, were performed before the intracisternal injection of fibrinogen and
      thrombin. Animals in which no interventions in the vagus nerve was performed were
      designated as intact rats. Lung-water ratio was calculated as a ratio of the
      difference between wet and dry lung weight to dry lung weight. Incidences of
      pulmonary edema and lung-water ratios were lower under deep anesthesia than under
      light anesthesia. Both parameters were low in the vagotomized rats treated under
      deep anesthesia with fibrinogen and thrombin at a pH of 8.5, as compared to those
      treated similarly at pH 6.5. This phenomenon was not observed under light
      anesthesia. Interventions in the vagus nerves influenced the development of
      pulmonary edema to various degrees, depending on the pH values of the injected
      fibrinogen and thrombin. As suggested from these results, well-defined, specific
      conditions are required for investigating the mechanism triggering the
      development of fibrin-induced pulmonary edema.

PMID- 3379835
TI  - Liver injury model in mice for immunopharmacological study.
AB  - Experimental liver injury was produced in mice by the immunological technique.
      The utility of these models as an immunopharmacological method was investigated.
      The first model was produced by the injection of anti-basic liver protein (BLP)
      rabbit antibody into DBA/2 mice that had been previously immunized with rabbit
      IgG. The second liver injury was caused by injection of anti-liver specific
      protein (LSP) rabbit antibody into DBA/2 mice. The third model was produced by
      the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into Corynebacterium parvum
      pretreated ddY mice. In all injury models, extensive liver parenchymal cell
      damage was estimated by elevation of glutamate transaminase (GOT and GPT)
      activity. These were confirmed by histopathological studies of the liver. Typical
      histopathological changes in the liver from injured mice were submassive
      hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of granulocytes and lymphocytes into the
      portal tract and sinusoid in the necrotic lesion. Administration of prednisolone
      and cyclophosphamide for 10 days prior to injection of eliciting antibodies or
      LPS suppressed the elevation of serum transaminase levels in all experimental
      liver injury models. Cianidanol and sylibin inhibited the elevation of GOT and
      GPT in anti-BLP induced liver injured mice. These evidences suggest that the
      above models are suitable for investigating the remedy for liver diseases.

PMID- 3379837
TI  - Vitamin K-reversible hypoprothrombinemia in rats. I. Sex differences in the
      development of hypoprothrombinemia and the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics.
AB  - Male and female rats were fed an ordinary diet which contained about 500 ng
      vitamin K/g or a vitamin K-deficient diet containing less than 5 ng vitamin K/g.
      Hypoprothrombinemic changes such as prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) and
      activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected in male rats within 4
      6 days after feeding of the vitamin K deficient diet. Blood clotting factor VII
      and descarboxy prothrombin (PIVKA) levels changed rapidly, with maximum
      alteration at 2-4 days. Similar changes in factor VII and PIVKA levels were
      observed in female rats, but they appeared only after feeding of the K deficient
      diet for a long period. PT and APTT in female rats showed slight or no alteration
      even after 10 day feeding of the K-deficient diet. These results indicate that
      male rats are more susceptible to vitamin K deficiency than female rats.
      Administration of latamoxef led to a dose-dependent development of
      hypoprothrombinemia in vitamin K-deficient female rats. The hypoprothrombinemia
      in vitamin K-deficient female rats was caused by beta-lactam antibiotics with N
      methyltetrazolethiol, thiadiazolethiol and methyl-thiadiazolethiol as the 3'
      position substituent of the cephem nucleus.

PMID- 3379839
TI  - [The outcome of the problems of the aged--an empirical theory on the aged].

PMID- 3379838
TI  - [Health examination and follow-up after the examination. Panel discussion].

PMID- 3379840
TI  - [Nursing at the scene of daily activities. 14. Excretion and related nursing
      activities (2)].

PMID- 3379841
TI  - [Learning through a case-study group. 1. Rehabilitation of Mr. M., a
      schizophrenic patient].

PMID- 3379842
TI  - [Public health activities with emphasis on areas. 19. Comprehensive public health
      activities in Shimane Prefecture: local emphasis and a community health
      approach].

PMID- 3379843
TI  - [Analysis of public health nursing actions: use of patients' as an index].

PMID- 3379844
TI  - [An overview of the anti-smoking policies in Japan].

PMID- 3379845
TI  - [Psychology of smoking: for the understanding of the affliction caused by
      habituation].

PMID- 3379846
TI  - [Increasing incidence of smoking among women and adolescents].

PMID- 3379847
TI  - [The role of public health clinics in the anti-smoking campaign, with special
      reference to surveys among public service employees and area inhabitants].

PMID- 3379848
TI  - [Anti-smoking activities by the Association for the Prevention of Lung Cancer of
      Aichi Prefecture].

PMID- 3379849
TI  - [Nursing at the scene of daily activities. 15. Excretion and related nursing
      activities (3)].

PMID- 3379850
TI  - [Medical check-up of the aged. 4. A comprehensive theory (2)].

PMID- 3379851
TI  - [Learning through a case study group. 2. Frustration in the failure to interact
      with a schizophrenic patient].

PMID- 3379852
TI  - [Practice and evaluation of area care of senile demented patients. 1. Nursing
      capacities of families caring for aged demented patients and the conditions of
      the patients and these families affecting the practice].

PMID- 3379853
TI  - [Role and function of the public health nurse in social rehabilitation of
      alcoholic patients (3)--Problems of children of alcoholic patients].

PMID- 3379854
TI  - [Public health activities with emphasis on areas. 20. Comprehensive public health
      activities in Shimane Prefecture: a comprehensive health care network based on
      area-centered services and local needs].

PMID- 3379855
TI  - [The Garden Hospital in London].

PMID- 3379857
TI  - [School physician and instructor on sex maturation].

PMID- 3379856
TI  - [The importance of information and social support for the breast-feeding
      experience of a woman in childbed for the first time].

PMID- 3379858
TI  - [Ethical problems in the care of premature infants].

PMID- 3379859
TI  - [HIV-infected women must not be forced to abort].

PMID- 3379860
TI  - [Dear midwives].

PMID- 3379861
TI  - [On becoming a mature women].

PMID- 3379862
TI  - [Seminar on current information about AIDS and other infectious diseases. The
      current status of AIDS].

PMID- 3379863
TI  - [The problems caused by AIDS in maternity care].

PMID- 3379864
TI  - [The control of infections].

PMID- 3379865
TI  - [Challenges in the work of midwives in the control of infection].

PMID- 3379866
TI  - [Current status in gynecological infectious diseases and the possibilities of
      cure].

PMID- 3379867
TI  - [Sex education for the young].

PMID- 3379868
TI  - [Report of annual meeting in Tampere, 3-27-88. Finland cannot afford to lower the
      level of maternity care].

PMID- 3379869
TI  - [HIV-infected women should not be compelled to abort].

PMID- 3379870
TI  - Nursing shortage--a forum for action.

PMID- 3379871
TI  - The Kansas Hospital Association's survey on the nursing shortage.

PMID- 3379873
TI  - The nursing shortage: a student's perspective.

PMID- 3379872
TI  - A community-based nurse recruitment effort.

PMID- 3379874
TI  - Negotiating professional standards, wages, and benefits.

PMID- 3379875
TI  - [Myocardial infarction in the light of the theory of functional systems].

PMID- 3379876
TI  - [Primary leiomyosarcoma of the heart].

PMID- 3379877
TI  - [The ventricular pre-excitation syndrome].

PMID- 3379878
TI  - [Pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia in information stress in patients with
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A study of 48 coronary patients demonstrated that coronary as well as systemic
      vasospasm resulting in a drop of propulsive left-ventricular capacity are the
      principal pathogenic factors leading to myocardial ischemia under emotional
      stress. In patients with coronary arterial stenosis, increased myocardial oxygen
      want due to increased stroke and minute volumes contributes significantly to
      ischemic response to stress. The use of corinfar is advisable to prevent the
      development of emotion-induced vasospasm. The use of information stress with ECG
      and central hemodynamic monitoring permits noninvasive diagnosis of coronary
      spasm.

PMID- 3379879
TI  - [Behavior, personality and cardiovascular diseases].
AB  - An epidemiologic study of 1019 males, aged 45 to 59, included clinical and
      psychologic assessment, using Jenkins' questionnaire (JAS) and Freiburg
      personality identification questionnaire (FPI). Myocardial infarction survivors
      differed significantly from normal individuals by a number of psychological
      scores, such as depression, psychosomatic disturbances, anxiety, emotional
      lability. Anginal patients typically featured impulsiveness, psychosomatic
      disturbances, depression, anxiety, reserve, emotional lability. The examination
      of behavior determinants of arterial blood pressure in adolescents, based on
      cluster analysis, identified 3 groups of individuals with different behavioral
      syndromes. The clinical implication of these psychologic clusters was essential
      intercluster differences in terms of systolic and diastolic arterial blood
      pressure.

PMID- 3379880
TI  - [Effect of propranolol on hemodynamic manifestations of emotional stress of
      different types in patients with arterial hypertension].
AB  - Seventy-five male patients with arterial hypertension were exposed to psycho
      emotional stress (PES). One group was investigated, using mental arithmetic
      exercise (MA), and the other, using a clock or compass model (C/C). The
      measurements were made in the absence of medication and using a 40 mg propranolol
      dose. The prevalent rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, minute volume
      and total peripheral resistance, associated with the MA model, is suggestive of
      PES-induced beta-adrenoreceptor activation. Conversely, diastolic hypertension
      prevailing over a moderate rise in heart rate where the C/C model was used is an
      evidence that there is no considerable beta-receptor activation by this test. In
      group 1, propranolol treatment depressed systolic, but not diastolic, arterial
      blood pressure, and considerably raised total peripheral resistance, whereas in
      group 2 both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, minute volume and total
      peripheral resistance declined after treatment. It is suggested that the blockade
      of beta-receptors has a greater hypotensive effect where those are not activated
      excessively, as there is no associated compensatory adjustment of the
      adrenoreceptor apparatus.

PMID- 3379881
TI  - [The behavior characteristics of adolescents with increased arterial blood
      pressure].
AB  - A behavior study in adolescents (aged 12-13 and 14-15 years) with elevated
      arterial BP, using a variety of psychological techniques, such as standard
      individual questioning, the draw-a-man test, questioning of teachers) identified
      typical behavior features, suggestive of the involvement of psychological stress
      in the mechanism of arterial BP elevation developing in childhood and
      adolescence.

PMID- 3379882
TI  - [Physician-patient relations during long-term ambulatory treatment of
      hypertension].
AB  - Interpersonal relationships in the course of long-term treatment were examined in
      87 hypertensive patients and 10 district physicians. Patient's original ideal
      physician image (sex, age, professional experience, emotional characteristics,
      role attitude, etc.) and its influence on patient's co-operation in the
      rehabilitation program are analysed. Major causes of refusal to go on with
      regular outpatient treatment are discussed.

PMID- 3379883
TI  - [Psychological characteristics of patients with cardialgia].
AB  - A psychological study, using the MMPI scale, the 16 PF test, the control locus
      test and Luscher's color test, was carried out in 41 patients with chest pains,
      including 25 patients with mitral prolapse (MP) and 16 patients with first or
      second-stage essential hypertension, osteochondrosis and neurocirculatory
      dystonia. Psychological disadaptation with a sense of inner discomfort was found
      to be common for all patients. However, the pattern of disadaptation was
      different in patients with and without MP: MP-free patients had psychological
      problems, typical for neurotic personality, while the typical problems of the MP
      patients concerned interpersonal contacts, apparently as a result of unbalanced
      personality structures.

PMID- 3379884
TI  - [Sensitivity to pain in patients with stable stenocardia in relation to the
      degree of the coronary bed lesion and tolerance to physical exertion
      (algesimetric data)].
AB  - Sensitivity to pain, assessed by mechanical algesimetry, was related to the
      degree of coronary arterial stenosis and physical stress tolerance in patients
      with stable angina: the higher the degree of stenosis and the lower the stress
      tolerance threshold, the lower the sensitivity values.

PMID- 3379885
TI  - [Cerebral hemodynamics and bioelectric activity of the brain in ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - Rheoencephalographic and electroencephalographic studies were conducted in 102
      male coronary patients. Mathematical amplitude-frequency analysis demonstrated
      symptoms of cerebral blood flow decrease and hypoxia, which were dependent on the
      functional class of angina for their severity.

PMID- 3379886
TI  - [Thiocyanate levels in the blood of smokers and non-smokers (data from the
      examination of students)].

PMID- 3379887
TI  - [Psychological approach to the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease:
      its value and basic principles].

PMID- 3379888
TI  - [Effect of ethacizine on the contractile function of the myocardium and
      hemodynamic indicators in patients with non-cardiac pathology].

PMID- 3379889
TI  - [Functional activity of the adrenal glands and the hormone-protein interactions
      in patients with hypertension with a complicated course].
AB  - Patients with essential hypertension and hypertension complicated by coronary
      heart disease showed adrenal glucocorticoid activation along with reduced
      transcortin binding capacity (TBC). The addition of circulatory insufficiency
      (stage I and IIB) resulted in a decrease of the functional adrenal reserve and
      further diminution of TBC due to a reduction of protein binding sites
      concentration, and sometimes (stage IIB) also a decrease in the protein affinity
      of steroids. A correlation between TBC and plasma protein level was found. The
      absence of adrenal functional response to an abrupt drop in TBC is interpreted as
      a complete failure of the adaptation systems.

PMID- 3379890
TI  - [Functional status of the right heart in patients with nephrogenic hypertension].
AB  - Marked hemodynamic disorders in the right heart were demonstrated in patients
      with nephrogenic arterial hypertension: they were high diastolic blood pressure
      and the right-ventricular hypodynamic syndrome, dependent on the duration of
      underlying disease and aortic diastolic blood pressure level.

PMID- 3379891
TI  - [Functional status of the cardiovascular system in young persons with moderate
      arterial hypertension].
AB  - Hemodynamic and functional cardiac parameters were examined in 24 normal subjects
      and 43 patients with moderate arterial hypertension, grouped on the basis of
      their mean hemodynamic pressure. Considerable sex-specific differences were
      demonstrated in cardiovascular status and performance of both normal and
      hypertensive individuals. Young boys and girls showed different compensatory
      cardiac response to stressful pressure that may be attributed to different
      degrees of left-ventricular myocardial hypertrophy.

PMID- 3379892
TI  - [Effect of corinfar on indicators of cerebral circulation in patients with
      hypertension].
AB  - Corinfar-induced changes in rheographic cerebral circulation patterns are
      reviewed in patients with essential hypertension. Corinfar administration was
      followed by a normalization of basically elevated tone of major cerebral arteries
      as well as minor vessels, and an improvement of arterial blood filling of the
      brain, in the presence of decreasing arterial blood pressure and better general
      condition of the patients. Low baseline arterial tone tended to rise after
      corinfar administration.

PMID- 3379893
TI  - [Functional activity of the hypophysis and gonads in women with hypertension].
AB  - An attempt is made to demonstrate a relationship between changes in arterial
      blood pressure and sex steroids, gonadotrophins and mineralocorticoids in 30- to
      55-year-old females with essential hypertension, employed in textile industry in
      Cheboksary. Climacteric and menopausal patterns of sex steroid and gonadotrophin
      secretion are discussed. A definite relationship between essential hypertension,
      elevated estradiol and testosterone and lowered gonadotrophins is demonstrated.
      It is suggested that climacteric and menopausal blood pressure disorders may be
      related to changes in gonadal and adrenal activity.

PMID- 3379894
TI  - [The characteristics of cardiac lesions in patients with X-linked myopathy].
AB  - A patient with advanced X-linked myodystrophy and marked cardiovascular changes
      is described. Current understanding of the problem of heart muscle involvement in
      the myodystrophic process as well as treatment of such patients are analysed on
      the basis of data reported in Soviet and foreign literature.

PMID- 3379895
TI  - [Effect of pathogenetic treatment on uric acid metabolism in chronic cardiac
      insufficiency].

PMID- 3379896
TI  - [The role of delta sleep-inducing peptide in the electric stability of the
      heart].
AB  - An experimental study in 38 rabbits explored the effect of delta-sleep peptide
      and its deficiency on thresholds of ventricular fibrillation or its precursors.
      The delta-sleep peptide (60 nM/kg) was shown to increase electric stability of
      the heart by elevating the thresholds of ventricular fibrillation and its
      precursors (ventricular extrasystoles and paroxysmal ventricular tachysystoles).
      Systemic deficiency of this peptide (the administration of antiserum T = 1:2000-
      1:3000, at 1:60 dilution) was, on the contrary, associated with lower ventricular
      arrhythmia thresholds. Therefore, delta-sleep peptide is shown to possess
      antiarrhythmic activity which may account for its protective cardiac effect under
      emotional stress.

PMID- 3379897
TI  - [Mental status of patients with neurocirculatory asthenia of the hypotensive
      type].

PMID- 3379898
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of recurrent mitral stenosis].

PMID- 3379899
TI  - [Effectiveness of anti-G devices of the nonchamber type after head-down tilt
      hypokinesia lasting up to 7 days].
AB  - In three experimental series in which 34 male test subjects (aged 20 to 31 years)
      participated, acceleration tolerance (+Gz) was measured before and after exposure
      to 7-day head-down tilting. The measurement tests were performed using an
      antigravitational device in two modifications AGU-1 and AGU-2. After tilting,
      tolerance to sustained acceleration +Gz decreased significantly. The use of the
      device helped to increase acceleration tolerance, AGU-1 all the test subjects
      tolerated acceleration up to 4.0 G while in AGU-2 only up to 3.0 G. The use of
      the AGU device following exposure to antiorthostatic hypokinesia helped to
      maintain the high quality of operator's activities as compared to the controls.

PMID- 3379900
TI  - [Metabolic characteristics during 120-day head-down tilt hypokinesia].
AB  - Nine healthy test subjects, aged 25 to 44 years, were exposed to bed rest (at -5
      degrees) for 120 days. Venous blood and 24-hour urine samples were used to
      measure Na, K, total and ionized Ca, Mg, total protein, protein fractions,
      creatinine, urea, uric acid, malate, isocitric and lactate dehydrogenases,
      aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and creatine phosphokinase and its
      isoforms, acid and alkaline phosphatase and its isoenzymes. Prolonged exposure to
      head-down tilting resulted in a negative balance of fluid and electrolytes,
      lowered concentration of total protein and albumins, and an increased
      concentration of urea and creatinine, basic products of protein metabolism. In
      blood, the activity of dehydrogenases of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and
      creatine kinase decreased at the expense of its muscle isoenzyme and the activity
      of acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone isoenzyme of alkaline
      phosphatase increased.

PMID- 3379901
TI  - [Clinico-physiological aspects of the tissue oxygen supply of the human body
      during head-down tilt hypokinesia].
AB  - In three antiorthostatic hypokinesia studies of varying duration gas exchange,
      central and regional hemodynamics were investigated. The hypokinetic effect on
      oxygen changes in the human body was evaluated by comparing the above results
      with biochemical data. It is concluded that bed rested subjects developed hypoxic
      changes of mixed circulatory-respiratory type. When oxygen supply changes
      drastically under the conditions that were simulated in our study, it is
      recommended to use oxygen therapy.

PMID- 3379902
TI  - [Osteotropic effect of ksidifon administered subcutaneously to rats during
      immobilization].
AB  - The role of ksidifon in the prevention of immobilization-induced osteoporosis was
      investigated. Osteoporosis was produced by placing animals (Wistar male rats
      weighing 200-230 g) into small-size cages for 60 days. Every day the rats were
      injected subcutaneously with ksidifon (hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonic acid) at a
      dose of 1 or 5 mg/kg. It was found histomorphometrically that ksidifon in these
      doses inhibited losses of cancellous bone from tubular bones, trunk and pelvic
      bones. The ksidifon effect was closely correlated with the initial metabolic
      state of bones. The drug changed the balance of bone cells. The population of
      osteoblasts decreased greatly whereas that of osteoclasts either remained
      unchanged or increased slightly. It is concluded that ksidifon is an agent that
      can be used to prevent osteoporosis, provided that the physiological state of
      bone and the organism as a whole is taken into consideration.

PMID- 3379903
TI  - [Morphological analysis of the reaction of the animal brain to short-term
      hyperoxia].
AB  - Reactions of various structures of the central nervous system of animals to short
      term hyperoxia were investigated, using morphological methods available.
      Reactive, destructive and compensatory-adaptive changes in the structures taken
      under study were identified. These changes were nonspecific and similar in sign
      in rats and dogs. In most cases they were reversible but their polymorphism was
      different in phylogenetically dissimilar structures.

PMID- 3379904
TI  - [An automatic vestibulometric unit].

PMID- 3379905
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the contractile
      activity of the isolated heart in rats of various ages].

PMID- 3379906
TI  - [Protective action of peptides against motion sickness in animals].

PMID- 3379907
TI  - [Work capacity and bioenergetics of older persons on reduced nutrition with
      flight rations].

PMID- 3379908
TI  - [Human tissue metabolism in hyperoxygenation during head-down tilt hypokinesia].

PMID- 3379909
TI  - [Dynamic indices of erythrocyte bioenergetics in exposure to regional hypothermia
      during head-down tilt hypokinesia (-8 degrees)].

PMID- 3379910
TI  - [Characteristics of the structural reorganization of the liver exposed to
      regenerated drinking water with various concentrations of sodium and potassium
      ions].

PMID- 3379911
TI  - [Significance of the gravitation factor in the final stage of a space flight].

PMID- 3379912
TI  - Decreased fibronectin in rat liver altered foci and adenomas induced by N-2
      fluorenylacetamide.
AB  - The disposition of fibronectin in N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced rat liver
      lesions was studied by immunohistochemical staining. Male rats were fed the
      carcinogen for 7 weeks to induce hepatocellular altered foci and then given no
      chemical or phenobarbital in the diet for 24 weeks until adenomas developed.
      Regardless of the exposure conditions, the amount of extracellular fibronectin
      was unchanged in about 60% of the liver altered foci and decreased in about 40%.
      In contrast, 90% of the adenomas demonstrated a significantly decreased staining
      pattern for fibronectin. In some adenomas, the fibronectin staining pattern
      demonstrated irregular, wide, and distorted deposits. In nonlesional regions of
      the livers of rats exposed to N-2-fluorenylacetamide, the amount of fibronectin
      was decreased in the centrilobular and midlobular zones. The decrease of
      fibronectin in hepatocellular altered foci and adenomas demonstrates another
      abnormality in these lesions, which may be important in their biologic behavior.
      Foci with decreased fibronectin may have a greater potential to progress to
      adenomas.

PMID- 3379913
TI  - Contractile activity and reperfusion-induced calcium gain after ischemia in the
      isolated rat heart.
AB  - Reperfusion of cardiac muscle after an ischemic episode results in the cells
      becoming overloaded with Ca2+. Gross ultrastructural changes, including the
      formation of contraction bands, also occur. The present study investigates the
      relationship, if any, between contractile activity during reperfusion and Ca2+
      gain. Contractile activity was inhibited with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM).
      Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes ischemia before
      reperfusion in the presence or absence of BDM. BDM (10 MIN) significantly reduced
      the Ca2+ gained during reperfusion. It also enhanced the ATP and creatine
      phosphate supplies. Ultrastructural examination of cells from hearts reperfused
      in the presence of BDM for 30 minutes revealed cells with relaxed myofibrils,
      some glycogen and intact sarcolemmal membranes, compared with cells from hearts
      reperfused in the absence of BDM which showed contraction bands, sarcolemmal
      discontinuities and swollen mitochondria. The 'protection' afforded by BDM did
      not result in a restoration of the cells to their normal state. Removal of BDM
      and continued reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit buffer resulted in a gain in Ca2+
      and ultrastructural damage, including contraction band formation. These findings
      suggest a role for contractile activity in the Ca2+ gain. However, preventing the
      damage which occurs as a result of contractile activity is not sufficient to
      restore the cells to their preischemic state. This suggests that the damage
      caused as a result of contractile activity is secondary to some other primary
      deleterious event.

PMID- 3379914
TI  - Synthesis of soluble and insoluble elastins in cultures of chick aortic cells.
AB  - Aortic cells were isolated from 9- and 12-day embryonic chick aortas and cultured
      for varying periods after first passage. Cells obtained from 9-day tissue
      remained indefinitely as monolayers and possessed a relatively low rate of
      tropoelastin synthesis. Cells obtained from 12-day tissue remained monolayers for
      4 to 8 days, after which time portions of the culture contracted into matrix
      containing chemically definable insoluble elastin and forming desmosine cross
      links. The rate of tropoelastin synthesis was significantly higher in the 12-day
      derived cells suggesting that these cells had been committed to elastogenesis in
      vivo and retained this commitment in vitro. A chick tropoelastin cDNA was
      obtained and partially characterized from a lambda gt11 expression cDNA library.
      Using the tropoelastin cDNA probe, measurement of the steady-state level of
      tropoelastin revealed that the increased rate of tropoelastin synthesis in the 12
      day cells was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of tropoelastin
      mRNA steady-state levels. The aortic cell cultures present an important model
      system for extending studies of chick aortic elastogenesis. The aortic cell
      cultures synthesize tropoelastin at a rate 10% less than the corresponding organ
      culture. Significantly, the production of tropoelastin is productive in formation
      of insoluble, chemically definable elastin. The definition of insoluble includes
      both amino acid composition and desmosine formation.

PMID- 3379915
TI  - The role of H-2 in apoferritin-induced murine immune complex glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The role of the major histocompatibility complex in the development of
      apoferritin induced immune complex glomerulonephritis was studied in H-2 congenic
      B10 mice. The glomerular lesions varied strikingly among the three different
      strains studied. The B10 (H-2b) mice had minimal mesangial expansion or no
      lesions at all. The B10.BR (H-2k) mice had mesangial expansion and proliferative
      glomerulonephritis without crescents or interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltration. In contrast, the B10.D2 (H-2d) mice had necrotizing
      glomerulonephritis with crescents and an interstitial mononuclear cell
      infiltrate. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy demonstrated only minimal
      mesangial deposits in B10 (H-2b) mice, predominantly mesangial deposition in the
      B10.BR (H-2k) mice, and mesangial and subepithelial immune complex deposits in
      B10.D2 (H-2d) mice. These morphologic differences correlated with functional
      abnormalities. Only the B10.D2 (H-2d) mice developed proteinuria, hematuria, and
      elevated blood urea nitrogen. They also had the most elevated antiapoferritin IgG
      levels. These experiments demonstrate that differences in the pathologic lesions
      and susceptibility to immune complex glomerulonephritis can be seen in animals
      that differ only at the H-2 locus. This model will lend itself to the study of
      the mechanisms by which the major histocompatibility complex influences the
      development of immune complex glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3379916
TI  - Differential adherence of epithelium overlying gut-associated lymphoid tissue. An
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The relative adherence of follicle associated and nonfollicle associated
      epithelial cells in intestinal lymphoid tissues was compared morphologically.
      Incubation of Peyer's patches and appendix with hyaluronidase resulted in
      detachment of M cells and other epithelial cells overlying lymphoid follicle
      surfaces but not of villus or colonic epithelial cells. Enzymatic treatment of
      intestinal lymphoid tissues produced superficial erosions of follicle epithelium
      which exposed a porous and fenestrated basal lamina. After enzymatic treatment,
      detached M cell-containing follicle epithelium was characterized by intracellular
      vacuoles, widening of intercellular spaces, cell rounding, disappearance of
      microvilli, and loss of M cell-lymphocyte associations. Enzymatic treatment was
      responsible for removal of follicle epithelium, since Peyer's patches and
      appendix tissues incubated with medium alone did not exhibit appreciable
      epithelial detachment. These results, showing that the adherence of epithelial
      cells overlying intestinal lymphoid follicles is more labile than that of villus
      and colonic epithelial cells, may be of pathophysiologic significance in follicle
      ulcerative processes.

PMID- 3379917
TI  - The differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells.
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the differentiation potential of basal
      cells purified from rabbit tracheas by means of centrifugal elutriation. Cell
      suspensions containing between 83 and 94% basal cells were inoculated into
      tracheal grafts denuded of their own epithelium and transplanted to the backs of
      nude mice. Within 1 week after inoculation, the basal cells reestablished a
      continuous poorly differentiated epithelial sheet which at 2 to 4 weeks showed
      typical mucociliary differentiation. Basal cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells,
      and secretory cells with small granules were present. Some of the latter
      contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and others contained predominantly
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These data indicate that basal cells can give rise
      to all major tracheal cell types suggesting that they are the main stem cell in
      the large airways of rabbits.

PMID- 3379918
TI  - Acute stimulation of chromaffin cell proliferation in the adult rat adrenal
      medulla.
AB  - Susceptible strains of rats develop adrenal medullary hyperplasia and neoplasia
      after long-term administration of the antihypertensive drug reserpine, or of
      other pharmacologic agents which alter neuroendocrine function. These
      proliferative lesions are of potential medical importance as a model for familial
      multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, and are of fundamental interest because
      they might elucidate mechanisms regulating chromaffin cell proliferation during
      normal development. To study the initiation of the adrenal lesions, chromaffin
      cell mitoses were counted in adult male rats injected with reserpine or control
      solvent for 5 days, with the final injection containing colcemid to arrest cells
      in mitosis. Rare mitoses were observed in mature-appearing epinephrine and
      norepinephrine cells in control adrenals. Reserpine caused an 8-fold increase in
      chromaffin cell mitoses in otherwise histologically normal glands, and the
      mitotic cells after reserpine administration showed marked granule depletion.
      Reserpine directly depletes catecholamine stores and reflexively increases
      neurogenic stimulation of chromaffin cells to increase catecholamine synthesis.
      The findings suggest that signals regulating function also regulate proliferation
      of mature chromaffin cells, and that prolongation of these signals or
      superimposed abnormalities may lead to pathologic proliferative states. The
      reserpine model may be a useful system for elucidating normal and pathologic
      mechanisms of signal transduction.

PMID- 3379919
TI  - Confirmation of marijuana, cocaine, morphine, codeine, amphetamine,
      methamphetamine, phencyclidine by GC/MS in urine following immunoassay screening.
AB  - Rapid, reliable, sensitive, qualitative, and quantitative methods using small
      urine volumes (0.2-0.5 mL) were developed primarily for confirmation of
      marijuana, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, morphine, codeine,
      amphetamine, methamphetamine, and phencyclidine. Using capillary gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM), mass
      spectra were obtained for each analyte. Samples were prepared by hydrolysis where
      applicable, organic solvent extraction, and derivatization where necessary.
      Confirmation was achieved by comparing abundance of major ions and retention time
      of the total ion current (TIC) of an analyte with those of the appropriate
      analytical standard. Quantitation was achieved and calibration curves derived by
      obtaining the molecular ion ratios of that analyte/internal standard (IS) over a
      concentration range of 10-300 ng/mL (0.16-4.0 ng total injected into GC/MS). The
      overall extraction efficiency for these analytes ranged from 53% to 96%.
      Statistically significant cut-off values (p less than 0.01) were obtained for
      each analyte. The slope, y-intercept, and coefficient of determination (r2) were
      calculated for each analyte. All of the GC/MS methods were extensively tested
      against urine samples determined positive or negative by immunoassay (IA) and are
      now used in our laboratory.

PMID- 3379920
TI  - A discussion of the KDI Quik Test Drug Screen.

PMID- 3379921
TI  - Pyrolytic fate of piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile, a contaminant of
      phencyclidine, during smoking.
AB  - The pyrolysis products of 1-(1-piperidino)cyclo-hexanecarbonitrile (PCC), the
      major contaminant of illicit phencyclidine (PCP), have not been previously
      reported. In order to quantify PCC in mainstream smoke as well as to identify the
      pyrolysis products, [3H]piperidino-[14C]cyano-PCC was synthesized. Marijuana
      placebo cigarettes were impregnated with this double-labeled PCC and burned with
      an apparatus that simulated smoking. The mainstream smoke was passed through a
      series of traps containing glass wool, H2SO4, or NaOH. Approximately 75% of the
      3H was collected in these traps, and 46, 11, and 5% of the 14C was found in the
      glass wool, H2SO4, and NaOH traps, respectively. Contents of the traps were
      analyzed by GC/MS. The glass wool trap contained 1-(1-piperidino)-1-cyclo-hexene,
      PCC, piperidine, and N-acetylpiperidine, and cyanide ion was detected in all
      three traps. Approximately 47% of the PCC was found intact in mainstream smoke.
      Approximately 58% was cleaved to form cyanide and 1-(1-piperidino)-1-cyclohexene.
      The latter was further broken down to cyclohexanone (which represented 21% of the
      starting material), piperidine (29%), and N-acetylpiperidine (7%), and about 2%
      remained intact.

PMID- 3379922
TI  - The determination of a volatile gas, vinylidene fluoride, in blood during a nose
      only exposure.
AB  - A method has been developed for measuring the volatile gas vinylidene fluoride
      (VDF) in the blood of rats during nose-only exposure. Blood was sampled via a
      jugular cannula constructed from silastic tubing. The silastic cannula was
      sutured and glued to the vein and was passed subcutaneously to the back of the
      rat's neck, where it was externalized and anchored in the same manner. Securing
      the cannula at these two sites stabilized its position in the vein. A strip of
      Velcro sutured to the skin of the animal's back served to protect and store the
      external part of the cannula. VDF in blood was measured by headspace sampling and
      gas chromatography. The gas chromatography was equipped with a packed column and
      a flame ionization detector. The method requires 250 microL of blood and has a
      detection limit of 6 ng/mL of VDF in blood (S/N: 3 X 1). Vinylidene fluoride in
      the blood reached equilibrium with the headspace within 1.5 h and was stable for
      up to 4.0 h. The relative standard deviation for blood levels determined under
      experimental conditions was less than 15%. The interday reproducibility of the
      standard curve was +/- 3.5%.

PMID- 3379923
TI  - Corrected retention indices in HPLC: their use for the identification of acidic
      and neutral drugs.
AB  - Thirty-seven selected acidic and neutral drugs were analyzed by HPLC with two
      step gradient elution and nine different ODS silica columns. The retention index
      values (RI) for drugs were calculated against a series of alkyl-arylketones and
      corrected according to the procedure described earlier. The correction procedure
      decreased the intercolumn variability of the RI values, and the differences
      between the RI values obtained for the reference column and other columns
      substantially declined after correction. The mean standard deviation of
      uncorrected RI values, calculated for all drugs analyzed on 9 columns, amounted
      to 25 RI units (range 8 to 40). After correction, the mean standard deviation was
      15 RI units (range 3 to 26). The method proved to be suitable for the comparison
      of results obtained with commercially different ODS silica columns.

PMID- 3379924
TI  - A rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic analysis of meprobamate or carisoprodol
      in urine and plasma.
AB  - A method for the identification and quantification of meprobamate or carisoprodol
      in plasma by GC/FID is presented. The method employs vinylbarbital as the
      internal standard and requires no derivatization. After a single extraction,
      analysis is achieved in 7 min. This method is thus rapid, sensitive,
      reproducible, selective, and applicable to forensic and clinical toxicological
      analyses.

PMID- 3379925
TI  - Breath acetone concentrations in fasting male volunteers: further studies and
      effect of alcohol administration.
AB  - This paper reports the concentration of acetone in end-expired breath of male
      volunteers as determined by gas chromatography. It also explores the effect of
      small doses of ethanol, given orally and intravenously, on breath acetone
      concentrations and their variations with time after intake. When subjects drank a
      small dose of alcohol (0.25 g/kg) after 12 h fasting, their breath acetone
      concentration decreased abruptly by 40%. The breath acetone time profile was
      almost a mirror image of the blood ethanol time course. After 36 h without food,
      the ethanol-induced drop in breath acetone was 18%. Ethanol given intravenously
      likewise caused a significant lowering of breath acetone concentration.

PMID- 3379926
TI  - A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of paraquat in plasma and
      urine by thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection.
AB  - A new method for the determination of paraquat in biological fluids has been
      developed. It involves thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection
      (TLC/FID) and simple solid-phase extraction with a disposable octadecylsilane
      column. This procedure allows direct loading of the samples on the disposable
      column. When Chromarod SII is used as the stationary phase and methanol-2N
      hydrochloric acid (2:3, v/v) as the mobile phase, recovery levels of paraquat in
      spiked materials are from 87.5 to 98.0%. This method can be used for samples of
      paraquat at levels as low as 50 ng.

PMID- 3379927
TI  - Retention indices by wide-bore capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen
      phosphorus detection.
AB  - The use of wide-bore capillary columns in gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen
      phosphorus detectors (NPD) is gaining popularity in the toxicology laboratory.
      Though the preferred method to achieve reproducible results and to make
      interlaboratory comparisons of GC data is by retention index (RI), the
      selectivity of the NPD has relegated its users to calculations of relative
      retention time. The present study utilizes a set of drugs as reference standards
      under temperature programmed conditions and presents a unique method of RI
      calculation. RI calculations are highly reproducible with this technique (day-to
      day variations range from 0.3 to 3.4 RI units) and are comparable to packed
      column, FID generated reference data. A program, written in Basic, calculates RI
      values based on daily injections of the reference standards and searches a
      library of over 100 basic and acidic drugs.

PMID- 3379928
TI  - The determination of biurea in the presence of azodicarbonamide by HPLC.
AB  - Azodicarbonamide (ADA), a solid blowing agent used in the manufacture of
      plastics, has been selected for inhalation toxicity testing by the National
      Toxicology Program. To test for decomposition of ADA during aerosolization, an
      HPLC method was developed to quantitate the relative amounts of one possible
      degradation product, biurea, in bulk samples and filter samples collected after
      aerosolization. The method uses a C18 column with 10-micron particles, UV
      monitoring at 190 nm for biurea and 425 nm for ADA, and a mobile phase of 100%
      water. Quantitation is with 14C-labeled biurea and ADA as external standards. The
      assay was validated by spiking bulk ADA with projected levels of 1, 2, and 3%
      biurea. Levels of biurea bound in both bulk and filter-collected aerosol samples
      of ADA were both 0.50%, with relative standard deviations of 13 and 26%,
      respectively.

PMID- 3379929
TI  - The observation of unusually large blank values in the cold-vapor atomic
      absorption analysis for total mercury.
AB  - Anomalously high blank values (1000 X normal) have been observed when cold-vapor
      atomic absorption analysis for total mercury follows analysis for inorganic
      mercury. The origin of this unexpected phenomenon is considered to be accumulated
      chemisorption and possible deep embedment of mercury from previous samples within
      the reaction vessel. Detection of this mercury follows CdCl2-induced desorption.
      Precautionary measures are suggested.

PMID- 3379930
TI  - Quantitative determination of phenelzine in human fluids by gas chromatography
      with nitrogen specific detection.
AB  - A quantitative gas chromatographic assay for the determination of phenelzine in
      plasma or other fluids is presented. A stable derivative is formed by cyclization
      with acetylacetone, and the derivative is separated, purified, and concentrated
      by liquid-liquid solvent extraction. Analysis of the extracts is by capillary gas
      chromatography with nitrogen specific detection. Detection limits of less than 1
      ng/mL and CVs of 5% at the 10-ng/mL level are attainable with a 2-mL sample and
      benzylhydrazine as the internal standard.

PMID- 3379931
TI  - A new method of measuring the cross-sectional area of connective tissue
      structures.
AB  - There appears to be no generally accepted method of measuring in-situ the cross
      sectional area of connective tissues, particularly small ones, before mechanical
      testing. An instrument has therefore been devised to measure the cross-sectional
      area of one such tissue, the rabbit medial collateral ligament, directly and
      nondestructively. However, the methodology is general and could be applied to
      other tissues with appropriate changes in detail. The concept employed in the
      instrument is to measure the thickness of the tissue as a function of position
      along the width of the tissue. The plot obtained of thickness versus width
      position is integrated to provide the cross-sectional area. This area is accurate
      to within 5 percent, depending mainly on alignment of the instrument and pre-load
      of the ligament. Results on the mid-substance of the rabbit medial collateral
      ligaments are repeatable and reproducible. Values of maximum width and thickness
      are less variable than those obtained with a vernier caliper. The measured area
      is considerably less than that estimated assuming rectangular cross-section and
      slightly less than that estimated on the assumption of elliptical cross-section.

PMID- 3379932
TI  - A new method for determining cross-sectional shape and area of soft tissues.
AB  - Assessment of the mechanical properties of soft tissues requires accurate
      measurement of the cross-sectional area. To date, techniques for determining
      cross-sectional areas of ligaments and tendons have been less than ideal due to
      the tissues' complex geometries and the fact that they deform easily under an
      applied external load. A new procedure has been developed for determining the
      cross-sectional area by means of an image reconstruction technique based on
      measurements from collimated laser beams. Using this procedure, the actual shape
      of the specimen cross-section can also be determined. The results are
      demonstrated to be highly accurate, and this methodology does not require
      mechanical contact with the specimen.

PMID- 3379934
TI  - LDA measurements and numerical prediction of pulsatile laminar flow in a plane 90
      degree bifurcation.
AB  - An experimental and numerical study of pulsatile laminar flow in a plane 90
      degree bifurcation is presented. Detailed LDA velocity measurements of the
      oscillatory flow field have been carried out. The numerical predictions, which
      are based on an iterative, finite-difference numerical procedure using primitive
      dependent variables, are in good agreement with the measurements. The results
      show that one separation zone is established near the bottom wall of the main
      duct and another near the upstream wall of the branch. The location and size of
      the separation zones vary within the cycle and are influenced by the Reynolds
      number, the flow rate ratio, and the Stokes number.

PMID- 3379933
TI  - An in-vivo measurement and analysis of viscoelastic properties of the spinal cord
      of cats.
AB  - An in-vivo experimental technique was employed to determine the linear and
      nonlinear characteristics of viscoelastic properties of the spinal cord of
      anesthetized cats. The stress relaxation and recovery curves were reproducible in
      a group of cat experiments. The data of linear viscoelastic properties were used
      to develop a power law model with Boltzmann's convolution integral. The model was
      capable of predicting a prolonged stress relaxation and recovery curve. For
      larger deformation, the results were quantified using a nonlinear analysis of
      viscoelastic response of the spinal cord under the uniaxial experiment.

PMID- 3379935
TI  - Numerical study on the flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through an axisymmetric
      stenosis.
AB  - The laminar steady flow of non-Newtonian fluid (biviscosity fluid) through an
      axisymmetric stenosis is calculated using the finite element methods. The flow
      pattern, the separation and reattachment points, and the distributions of
      pressure and shear stress at the wall are obtained. Then, the axial force acting
      on the stenosis is evaluated. It is suggested by the authors that this force can
      become one of the causes of post-stenotic dilatation. Calculated results show
      that the non-Newtonian property of blood weakens the distortion of flow pattern,
      pressure and shear stress at the wall associated with the stenosis and that the
      non-Newtonian property of blood decreases the axial force acting on the stenosis.

PMID- 3379936
TI  - The influence of red cell mechanical properties on flow through single capillary
      sized pores.
AB  - The resistive pulse technique was used to study the influence of specific
      mechanical properties of the red cell on its ability to enter and flow through
      single capillary-sized pores with diameters of 3.6, 5.0 and 6.3 micron and
      lengths of 11 micron. A two-fold increase in membrane shear elasticity resulted
      in a 40 percent increase in the cell's transit time through a 3.6 micron pore but
      produced no change in transit time through a 6.3 micron pore. A two-fold increase
      in membrane shear viscosity produced a 40 percent increase in transit time
      through the 3.6 micron pore and small but significant increases in transit times
      through the larger pores. Osmotically dehydrated cells showed no increase in
      transit time through a 6.3 micron pore, but showed increases in transit times of
      50 to 70 percent through 5.0 and 3.6 micron pores. Dense red cells showed
      increased transit times through both 5.0 micron and 6.0 micron pores. These
      results indicate that for cells with normal geometric properties, the membrane's
      shear viscosity and elasticity only influence the cell's transit through pores of
      5 micron or less in diameter. However, alterations in the cell's geometric
      properties can extend the influence of membrane shear properties to larger
      diameter pores.

PMID- 3379937
TI  - Comparison of red cell augmented diffusion and platelet transport.

PMID- 3379938
TI  - Noninvasive determination of ulnar stiffness from mechanical response--in vivo
      comparison of stiffness and bone mineral content in humans.
AB  - An approach referred to as Mechanical Response Tissue Analysis (MRTA) has been
      developed for the noninvasive determination of mechanical properties of the
      constituents of the intact limb. Of specific interest in the present study is the
      bending stiffness of the ulna. The point mechanical impedance properties in the
      low frequency regime, between 60 and 1,600 Hz are used. The procedure requires a
      proper design of the probe for good contact of the skin at midshaft and proper
      support of the proximal and distal ends of the forearm to obtain an approximation
      to "simple support" of the ulna. A seven-parameter model for the mechanical
      response is then valid, which includes the first mode of anterior-posterior beam
      bending of the ulna, the damping and spring effect of the soft tissue between
      probe and bone, and the damping of musculature. A dynamic analyzer (HP3562A)
      provides in seconds the impedance curve and the pole-zero curve fit. The physical
      parameters are obtained from a closed-form solution in terms of the curve-fit
      parameters. The procedure is automated and is robust and analytically reliable at
      about the five percent level. Some 80 human subjects have been evaluated by this
      mechanical response system and by the Norland single photon absorptiometer,
      providing for the first time in vivo, a comparison of elastic bending stiffness
      (ulna) and bone mineral content (radius). Three functional parameters of
      potential clinical value are the cross-sectional bending stiffness EI, the axial
      load capability Pcr (Euler buckling load) and the bone "sufficiency" S, defined
      as the ratio of Pcr to body weight. The correlation between EI and bone mineral
      (r = 0.81) is only slightly less than previous in vitro results with both
      measurements on the same bone (r = 0.89). When sufficiency is taken into
      consideration, the correlation of Pcr and bone mineral content is improved (r =
      0.89). An implication is that "quality" of bone is a factor which is not
      indicated by bone mineral content but which is indicated by stiffness. Bone
      mineral is necessary for proper stiffness but not sufficient. Therefore
      mechanical measurement should provide a new dimension to be used toward a better
      understanding of the factors related to bone health and disease.

PMID- 3379939
TI  - The mechanical role of the trunk and lower extremities in a seated weight-moving
      task in the sagittal plane.
AB  - A two-dimensional, sagittally-symmetric biomechanical model was developed to
      analyze the joint moments required to stabilize the trunk in a seated, dynamic,
      weight-moving task. Kinematic and reaction force data were measured while
      subjects moved a hand-held weight (0-4 kgf) at shoulder level to and fro at 1 Hz.
      These data were then used for model input and validation purposes. A second,
      simpler model was used to simulate how joint loads varied with weight held, trunk
      inclination, and movement frequency. The results for this seated task demonstrate
      a) significant trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joint moments (37, 13, 4, 13 percent
      of maximum strength values, respectively) were required, b) considerable
      intersubject differences in mean joint moments (more than 66 percent) were found,
      which primarily were due to subtle differences in body segment kinematics and
      lower extremities use, and c) the important role of the lower extremities in
      stabilizing the trunk in the seated posture.

PMID- 3379940
TI  - Reducing intraoperative myocardial acidosis by continuous cardioplegic perfusion
      via the coronary sinus.
AB  - Continuous retrograde coronary sinus perfusion (RCSP) can deliver cardioplegic
      solution homogeneously to the myocardium via the disease-free venous system.
      However, administration of cardioplegic solution through the coronary venous
      system necessitates low pressure infusion which may limit the rate of
      cardioplegic delivery. In addition, infusion of the solution at low flow rates
      may not prevent the development of myocardial acidosis during arrest. To
      determine if RCSP is capable of limiting intraoperative myocardial acidosis, open
      chest pigs, monitored by intramyocardial pH probes, underwent cardioplegic arrest
      with a single dose aortic root infusion followed by a 45-min period of no RCSP
      (Group 1), RCSP of 25 mEq/liter bicarbonate-buffered cardioplegic solution (Group
      2), RCSP of blood-buffered cardioplegic solution (Group 3), and RCSP of histidine
      buffered cardioplegic solution (Group 4). There were no significant differences
      between the groups with respect to baseline pH, with a range of 7.27 to 7.32. At
      the end of the 45-min arrest period, Group 2 had a statistically higher pH, 7.06
      +/- 0.08, compared to Group 1, 6.74 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.05). Hearts in Groups
      3 and 4 demonstrated preservation of preischemic pH levels after 45 min of
      arrest, 7.29 +/- 0.07 and 7.37 +/- 0.10, respectively, significantly higher than
      either Group 1 or 2 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379941
TI  - Detection and characterization of a pancreatic tumor inhibitory factor.
AB  - Numerous growth factors which stimulate cellular proliferation have been
      identified and characterized. Little information is available on autocrine
      factors that inhibit growth. The objective of this study was to determine if an
      established human pancreatic cancer cell line, RWP-1, produced such a tumor
      growth inhibitory factor (TIF). RWP-1 serum-free conditioned media (CM) was
      concentrated and its effect on DNA synthesis was determined by measuring
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine. CM inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in a
      dose-dependent and nontoxic manner with all cell lines tested. TIF activity was
      stable at 56 degrees C, labile at 95 degrees C and partially inactivated by acid,
      reduction/alkylation, and enzymatic digestion. The TIF exhibited differential
      activity against the tested cell lines and was found to be active against a
      normal murine fibroblast line. The TIF appears to be a polypeptide with a
      molecular weight greater than 5000 Da. Attempts at isolation of TIF with affinity
      and ion-exchange chromatography have thus far been unsuccessful, implying that
      more than one factor may be involved. RWP-1 TIF is a potentially important factor
      because of its role in the regulation of cellular proliferation.

PMID- 3379942
TI  - Antibody formation after murine injury.
AB  - To determine the effect of burn injury on humoral immunity, we followed the
      murine primary and secondary antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a T
      cell dependent antigen, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a T-cell-independent
      antigen, after 25% TBSA burn. Splenic B-cell-specific antibody synthesis was
      measured by a hemolytic plaque assay. Simultaneous measurements of specific and
      nonspecific immunoglobulins were performed by a hemagglutination assay and radial
      immunodiffusion, respectively. Numbers of splenic primary anti-SRBC-plaque
      forming cells (PFC) were generally equal in burn and control groups. Numbers of
      splenic secondary IgG anti-SRBC and anti-LPS PFCs were significantly increased in
      the burn group with a peak at 5 and 16 days after secondary immunization. There
      were no differences in serum anti-SRBC or anti-LPS antibody titers between burn
      injured and control mice. Nonspecific serum IgG levels were depressed on Days 5
      and 10 following injury but had returned to normal by Day 10. Due to the
      discrepancy between increased secondary PFCs and normal or decreased serum
      immunoglobulin levels, we measured clearance of exogenously administered IgG. The
      half-life of IgG in burn mice was 2.5 days compared to 7.1 days in control (P
      less than 0.05). In conclusion, the antibody response is enhanced after burn
      injury in the mouse, but this is not reflected in serum levels of specific
      antibody or immunoglobulins probably due to increased clearance from the
      circulation.

PMID- 3379943
TI  - Continuous infusion of tumor necrosis factor: mechanisms of toxicity in the rat.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the toxicity of continuous infusion of tumor
      necrosis factor (TNF) in the rat model. The effect of TNF on cell membranes was
      assessed by diffusion of radiolabeled inulin (RI). The effect of concomitant
      administration of the cytoprotectant prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was also assessed.
      Eighty rats were anesthetized and two osmotic pumps were implanted in the
      peritoneal cavity of each rat. One pump contained either TNF (0.1 mg/kg/day) or
      vehicle and the other either PGE1 (0.1 mcg/kg/min) or vehicle. Four groups
      resulted: vehicle alone, PGE1 alone, TNF alone, and TNF + PGE1. After 5 days,
      half of each group received intravenous RI and organ/blood radioactivity ratios
      were compared at sacrifice 7 min later. Remaining animals had serum drawn for CBC
      and electrolyte determination. Organ weights were determined in all animals. The
      effects of TNF and PGE1 were assessed by two-way ANOVA. Mortality in animals
      infused with TNF was 20%. One animal in the control group died. TNF infusion
      increased lung weight by 38% (697 +/- 49 vs 937 +/- 77 mg; P less than 0.05).
      Liver weight was also increased in animals infused with TNF (6.7 +/- 0.2 vs 7.0
      +/- 0.3 g; P less than 0.05). TNF infusion increased blood urea nitrogen and
      decreased serum bicarbonate compared to controls. TNF had no effect on RI
      diffusion. PGE1 did not alter the response to TNF. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous
      infusion of TNF does not affect membrane permeability as assessed by inulin
      diffusion. PGE1 does not cytoprotect against the toxicity of TNF. Evidence of
      direct hepatic toxicity suggests that regional therapy via the hepatic artery or
      portal vein is contraindicated.

PMID- 3379944
TI  - Biliary lipids alter ion transport during cholesterol gallstone formation.
AB  - Recent studies indicate that gallbladder absorption increases during the early
      stages of experimentally induced cholesterol gallstone formation. The purpose of
      the present study was to ascertain whether this change results from an alteration
      in gallbladder mucosal function per se or is a response of an otherwise healthy
      mucosa to the presence of cholelithogenic bile. Prairie dogs were fed either a
      control chow or a 1.2% cholesterol-enriched chow for 9 (Pre-GS) or 21 (Chronic
      GS) days. Gallbladders were mounted in an Ussing-type chamber and
      electrophysiologic indices of ion transport were determined. Mucosal function was
      assessed independently by exposing the gallbladder to Ringer's solution in the
      absence of biliary lipids. Ion transport was similar in control and Pre-GS
      gallbladders but was significantly reduced in Chronic-GS animals. Gallbladders
      were subsequently exposed to model bile solutions containing bile acids and
      phospholipids in concentrations selected so as to reflect the relative
      concentration of bile salts and phospholipids in normal and cholesterol gallstone
      animals. The cross-comparison of control gallbladders exposed to nonlithogenic
      bile with Pre-GS gallbladders exposed to model cholelithogenic bile, therefore,
      simulates the in vivo situation and directly assesses the role of biliary lipids
      as a determinant of ion transport. When this comparison was performed there was a
      significant increase in short-circuit current (P less than 0.05) and potential
      difference (P less than 0.05) in Pre-GS animals as compared to controls. We
      propose that the increase in gallbladder absorptive function results from
      exposure of an otherwise healthy, functioning mucosa to cholelithogenic bile, and
      not from a change in mucosal function per se.

PMID- 3379945
TI  - Propranolol delays the formation of aneurysms in the male blotchy mouse.
AB  - Propranolol has been reported to prevent aortic aneurysms in the beta
      aminoproprionitrile-fed broad-breasted white turkey model. The purpose of this
      investigation was to determine the effect of propranolol in another animal model
      of aortic aneurysms, the spontaneously aneurysm-prone Blotchy (BLO) mouse. One
      hundred fourteen male BLO mice were fed control chow or a diet supplemented with
      0.10% (w/w) propranolol. Groups were sacrificed at monthly intervals and the
      presence of aneurysms was determined after latex injection into the left
      ventricle. Aortic diameter was also measured at the widest point in a subset of
      mice from each group sacrificed at 4-5 months of age. At 4 months 86% of control
      and 32% of propranolol-fed animals had aneurysms (P less than 0.001). The
      difference in mean aortic diameter was also decreased by 33% in the propranolol
      fed group (P less than 0.01). This study suggests that propranolol delays the
      formation of aneurysms in this spontaneous, genetically determined animal model.

PMID- 3379946
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of radical left ventricular scar resection in patients with
      and without congestive heart failure.
AB  - To evaluate the hemodynamic changes that occur following radical left ventricular
      scar resection we studied 40 patients (mean age, 59.2 years; 36 males) with
      complete hemodynamic evaluation preoperatively (preop) and 5 to 12 days
      postoperatively (postop). Severe congestive heart failure (CHF) was present in 15
      patients, ventricular arrhythmias in 19, and angina in 19 patients preop. The
      operation consisted of extensive scar resection with complete myocardial
      revascularization (average 2.4 grafts per patient). Ten patients required
      intraaortic balloon pump assist for up to 8 days postop. Postoperative left
      ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was estimated with multiple gated acquisition
      scanning. A significant rise in heart rate was observed in the whole group of
      patients postop (P = 0.000). In the group of patients with CHF preop the EF was
      increased from 25.1 +/- 8.4% (mean +/- SD) preop to 30.9 +/- 11.2% postop (P =
      0.003), the cardiac index was increased from 2.2 +/- 0.5 liters/min/m2 preop to
      2.7 +/- 0.5 liters/min/m2 postop (P = 0.02), and the pulmonary artery wedge
      pressure was decreased from 22.0 +/- 7.7 mm Hg preop to 15.5 +/- 4.3 mm Hg postop
      (P = 0.005). In the patients without active CHF preop no improvement in the above
      hemodynamics was noted. In conclusion, radical left ventricular scar resection
      significantly increased EF and CI and decreased PAW in patients with preop CHF,
      whereas in the absence of CHF this procedure resulted in minimal hemodynamic
      changes.

PMID- 3379947
TI  - Response of porcine aortic smooth muscle cells to cyclic tensional deformation in
      culture.
AB  - The vascular wall is continuously subjected to pulsatile hydrostatic pressures.
      However, most studies of smooth muscle cells (SMC) are done under static tissue
      culture conditions. We have utilized a flexible-bottom culture plate and applied
      cyclic tensional deformation to cultured SMC. Recent studies have shown that
      endothelial cells (EC) proliferate but remain randomly oriented when subjected to
      a force regimen of 3 cycle/min of up to 24% elongation. The current experiments
      were performed to study the effects of a similar force regimen on SMC. Porcine
      SMC were seeded at 200,000 cells/35-mm2 well and permitted to adhere for 24 hr.
      After 24 hr, the plates were placed on a vacuum-operated stress-providing unit
      that exerted a 24% elongation on the culture plate substratum at maximum downward
      deflection of the plate bottom. The stretched cells (n = 6 wells/day) were
      subjected to cycles of 10 sec of 24% elongation and 10 sec of relaxation for 7
      days. The control cells (n = 6 wells/day) were subjected to similar incubations
      as the control group but without cyclic deformation. Media were changed every 24
      hr. [3H]Thymidine (THY), a precursor for DNA synthesis, was added (2
      microCi/well) to plates 24 hr prior to harvesting. On Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7
      cells were counted and analyzed for THY incorporation. While previous results
      indicate that pulsatile stretching stimulates EC, the present study indicates
      that a similar regimen of stress inhibits SMC proliferation. THY incorporation
      into SMC paralleled the observed changes in cell count. Morphologically, SMC
      aligned in an annular pattern in response to applied strain, whereas EC
      maintained a random orientation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379948
TI  - Role of cell membrane rupture in the pathogenesis of electrical trauma.
AB  - Heating due to current flow may not always be the primary cause of tissue damage
      in electrical injury. We have demonstrated that electric field strengths relevant
      to the clinical electrical injury problem are capable of permanently disrupting
      isolated skeletal muscle cells and altering the electrical properties of intact
      skeletal muscle in the absence of Joule heating effects. The field strengths used
      in these experiments are theoretically representative of fields at sites distant
      from the surface entry and exit points in many cases of electrical injury. These
      results provide further evidence that cell membrane disruption by large induced
      transmembrane potentials may explain the changes in the electrical properties of
      muscle observed in experimental electrical trauma (M. Chilbert, et al., J. Trauma
      25: 209, 1985) and thus may contribute significantly to the extensive tissue
      destruction associated with electrical trauma.

PMID- 3379949
TI  - Interorgan glutamine metabolism in the tumor-bearing rat.
AB  - The effects of progressive malignant disease on gut/liver glutamine metabolism
      were studied in order to gain further insight into the altered glutamine
      metabolism that characterizes the host with cancer and to further elucidate the
      causes and consequences of glutamine depletion in tumor-bearing rats. Rats were
      inoculated on Day 0 with 2 X 10(6) viable fibrosarcoma cells and blood glutamine
      was measured every 6 days. On Day 24 the animals underwent laparotomy and
      sampling of arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous blood. Arterial glutamine
      fell by more than one-third in tumor-bearing rats and the arterial-portal venous
      concentration difference for glutamine across the intestinal tract was diminished
      by 50% (P less than 0.01). Simultaneously the fractional extraction of glutamine
      by the gut was reduced from 21 to 15% (P less than 0.05). The liver switched from
      an organ of near glutamine balance in control rats to one of marked glutamine
      output in tumor-bearing rats (P less than 0.01). The wet weight of the small
      intestine was diminished by 15% in tumor-bearing rats and villous height was
      uniformly decreased in tumor-bearing rats with an average reduction in villous
      height of 26% (P less than 0.05). The causes of glutamine depletion in this tumor
      bearing rat model remain unclear. The growing tumor may behave as a glutamine
      trap but also appears to alter glutamine metabolism in vital metabolic processing
      centers such as the gut and liver. Malignant cells may compete with gut mucosal
      cells for glutamine resulting in a diminished gut glutamine utilization and
      detrimental changes in mucosal architecture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3379950
TI  - Protective effect of pentoxifylline on gastric mucosa.
AB  - Pentoxifylline (PF) has been shown to increase tissue oxygen tension. This study
      was performed to determine if PF has a protective effect on the gastric mucosa
      against alcohol (EtOH)-induced injury. Fasted Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated
      with randomized test solution (control, normal saline, or PF, 75 mg/kg)
      intraperitoneally (ip). At 30 min, 100% EtOH (pH 8.5) was given intragastric. At
      90 min, laparotomy was performed and gastric serosal stomach surface oxygen
      tensions (pO2) were measured. Stomachs were excised and opened and pH was
      measured. Photographs were taken and sections were obtained for histologic
      analysis to determine mucosal injury. The PF-pretreated rats had significantly
      higher serosal pO2 and significantly lower intragastric pH than control animals.
      There was significantly less gross and histologic mucosal injury in PF-treated
      animals. We conclude that PF is protective against EtOH gastric mucosal injury.
      This effect correlates with increased gastric serosal pO2 and is likely due to
      improved microcirculatory blood flow following PF administration.

PMID- 3379951
TI  - Effects of fluid resuscitation on cardiac dysfunction following thermal injury.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that low cardiac output in burns is secondary to
      hypovolemia, the effects of resuscitation on isovolumic contracting rat heart
      following a full-thickness burn were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly
      assigned into three groups: (1) Sham burn, (2) 30% body surface area burn
      nonresuscitated, (3) 30% body surface area burn with 15 cc Ringer's lactate/180 g
      body wt ip at the time of burn resuscitated. Twenty hours postburn, the hearts
      were mounted on a Lagendorff perfusion apparatus. A balloon-tipped catheter
      placed in the left ventricle measured pressure and dp/dt. Coronary flow was
      determined. Myocardial samples for ATP and water were obtained. Left ventricular
      function was evaluated by recording peak systolic pressure, end diastolic
      pressure, and maximum +/- dp/dt while balloon volume was increased to 0.3 cc.
      Results are with end diastolic volume constant at 0.15 cc. Compared to sham burn,
      burn nonresuscitated generated lower peak systolic pressure +/- dp/dt and higher
      end diastolic pressure while hearts from burn resuscitated generated the same as
      sham burn. Coronary flow and tissue water content was similar in all. ATP content
      was lower in burn nonresuscitated. Our data support that impaired systolic and
      diastolic function in burn nonresuscitated hearts is associated with lower ATP
      levels not seen in burn resuscitated and reperfusion of burn nonresuscitated
      hearts does not reverse the myocardial depressant effect.

PMID- 3379952
TI  - Rate of reperfusion blood flow modulates reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
AB  - The mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in skeletal muscle remain
      controversial. We investigated the effect of the rate of reperfusion blood flow
      on I-R injury in an isolated in vivo canine gracilis muscle model in six
      anesthetized dogs. In all animals, both gracilis muscles were subjected to 6 hr
      of ischemia followed by 1 hr of reperfusion. During reperfusion, one gracilis
      artery was partially occluded to limit the rate of reperfusion blood flow to its
      preischemic rate (limited reperfusion, LR), while the contralateral artery was
      allowed to perfuse freely at a normal rate (normal reperfusion, NR). Muscle
      injury was quantified by histochemical staining (triphenyltetrazolium chloride,
      TTC) with computerized planimetry of the infarct size, and by spectrophotometric
      determination of technetium-99m pyrophosphate uptake. Endothelial permeability
      was quantified by measurement of gracilis muscle weight gain and 125I-albumin
      radioactivity after intravenous injection. Results are presented as the means +/-
      SEM, and differences are considered to be statistically significant if P less
      than 0.05 by Student's t test for paired data. LR resulted in significantly less
      blood flow (9.7 +/- 1.7 cc/min/100 g) when compared to NR (55.7 +/- 11.6
      cc/min/100 g). I-R injury was significantly reduced by LR as evidenced by a
      decrease in TTC infarct size from 41 +/- 7% to 11 +/- 5%, and a decrease in
      technetium-99m pyrophosphate uptake from 512 +/- 20 to 163 +/- 44 X 10(3)
      counts/min/g. LR also significantly decreased the postreperfusion edema formation
      as evidenced by a reduction in the muscle weight gain from 27 +/- 6 to 9 +/- 1 g,
      and a reduction in the 125I-albumin radioactivity from 45 +/- 14 to 32 +/- 8
      counts/min/g. These data suggest that the hyperemic rate of reperfusion blood
      flow is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of postreperfusion edema and
      that clinical control of reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle may be achieved by
      limiting the rate of reperfusion blood flow.

PMID- 3379953
TI  - A model of hypoxic renal failure.
AB  - Models of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) must consider the combination of
      tissue hypoxia, insufficient nutrient flow, and anaerobic waste product
      accumulation. This study utilized isolated perfused rat kidneys to characterize
      the renal response to a graded hypoxic insult while maintaining flow. Kidneys
      were perfused at 37 degrees C with an asanguineous Krebs-buffered saline. After a
      40-min baseline period, 10 or 30 min of hypoxia was rapidly achieved by reducing
      perfusate oxygen tension from approximately 550 to 50 mm Hg. Ten minutes of
      hypoxia resulted in tubular dysfunction evidenced by a 50% increase in urine flow
      (UV) and a 10% decrease in percent sodium reabsorption (%Na). Glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) decreased by 40% during 10 min of hypoxia and returned to
      control levels after reoxygenation. Thirty minutes of hypoxia caused an
      irreversible 85% decrease in GFR accompanied by a 50% decrease in UV. This insult
      also caused more severe tubular dysfunction evidenced by a 20% decrease in %Na
      and a 35% decrease in oxygen consumption. These results demonstrate a spectrum of
      renal dysfunction that corresponds to the clinical spectrum from nonoliguric to
      oliguric ARF. This model of hypoxic ARF allows more specific investigation into
      the hypoxic component of postischemic renal dysfunction.

PMID- 3379954
TI  - Oncogenes modulate cellular gene expression and repress glucocorticoid regulated
      gene transcription.
AB  - The v-mos oncogene was subjected to the transcriptional control of the MMTV LTR
      and introduced by transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. The LTR v-mos gene was induced
      by the addition of glucocorticoid hormone to the growth medium of cells
      synchronized by culturing in 1.5% FCS for 36 h. The effects of p37 v-mos
      expression were monitored. The endogenous c-myc gene is induced as a consequence
      of p37 v-mos expression in a transient fashion, reaching a maximum of expression
      after 8 h. Induction of the c-myc gene was observed at the level of its
      transcriptional rate and at the level of mRNA concentration. Ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA was induced constitutively and high levels were found 8
      and 25 h after v-mos induction. H4 histone mRNA is elevated at 25 h after hormone
      addition at a time when the mitogenic stimulus of v-mos causes DNA synthesis. The
      expression of actin mRNA is not affected by the v-mos oncogene. We have
      previously described a modulation of glucocorticoid dependent gene expression by
      oncogenes. In an extension of these observations the consequences of expression
      of the v-mos and the v-ras oncogenes were also studied in retrovirally infected
      NIH 3T3 cells. MMTV LTR constructs transfected into the infected cells could only
      be transiently induced by glucocorticoid hormone. The presence of the p37 v-mos
      and the p21 v-ras oncoproteins causes a repression of glucocorticoid hormone
      dependent gene transcription.

PMID- 3379955
TI  - Progesterone receptor quantification with radiolabeled promegestone (R 5020) in
      frozen sections of endometrium and breast cancer tissue.
AB  - A technique for the determination of the progesterone receptor content at
      sections was developed. Series of coverglass-mounted unfixed frozen sections were
      incubated with [3H]R5020 only, to determine total binding, or with excess
      unlabeled R5020, to determine non-specific binding. Ligand binding in the tissue
      sections was measured by liquid scintillation counting after repeated washing of
      the coverslips. Elution of ligand binding proteins into the incubation buffer was
      quantitated with the dextran-coated charcoal method. Specific ligand binding was
      related to the total tissue protein content which was determined on parallel,
      unmounted sections. Scatchard analysis showed specific saturable and high
      affinity (Kd = 0.01-2 nM) section-bound and soluble binding sites in cryostat
      sections of calf uterus, human endometrium and breast cancer samples. Ligand
      specificity was studied by competition of [3H]R5020 with a 100-fold excess of
      various steroid receptor ligands. The competition was excellent for R5020 and
      progesterone, negligible for estrogens and slight for androgens and
      corticosteroids. These binding characteristics provide evidence that with this
      assay progesterone receptors are determined. Exchange experiments showed that
      with this method total, free as well as occupied, progesterone receptors can be
      measured. A highly significant linear correlation, and agreement in PR status
      classification between assay on cytosol and sections was obtained for a series of
      21 breast cancer samples. Finally, progesterone receptor analysis using cryostat
      sections results in the recovery of 2-3 times more PR from the same amount of
      tissue as compared to the use of cytosol. These results indicate that
      progesterone receptors can be reliably assayed with Scatchard analysis using
      cryostat sections, which requires less tissue than the cytosol assay. This
      method, which is simple and easy to perform could be of practical importance,
      particularly when only small tissue samples (which also have to be analyzed
      morphologically or histochemically) are available and when quantitative
      radiochemical progesterone receptor data are required for direct comparison with
      (immuno-) histochemical information.

PMID- 3379956
TI  - A 17-kDa protein induced in rat myometrium by hormonal treatment.
AB  - A 17-kDa protein mainly recovered in the myometrium fraction sedimenting at
      10,000 g has been induced by estradiol treatment in spayed rats. Tamoxifen
      completely inhibited the effect of estradiol, and progesterone decreased it by
      50%. The protein was scarce in unspayed animals and the level after estradiol
      treatment remained much lower than in spayed rats. Oral doses of the potent
      antiprogesterone RU 38486 increased the level of the 17-kDa protein in unspayed
      animals. It was not present in immature or gestating rats or in the endometrium
      or myometrial cell cytosol of any of the rats. Following electrophoretic
      purification, it bound calmodulin, but was not phosphorylated by cAMP protein
      kinases.

PMID- 3379957
TI  - Metabolism of cytotoxic hydroxysterols in cultured cells. Chemical
      characterization of metabolites.
AB  - The metabolism of labelled 7 alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol was
      investigated in two lymphoma cell lines (YAC-1, RDM-4), in murine splenocytes and
      in HTC hepatoma cells. The structures of the metabolites in lymphoma cells were
      determined as 3 beta-esters of C14-C20 fatty acids by nuclear magnetic resonance
      and mass spectrometric studies. In hepatoma cells, more polar metabolites of 7
      alpha- and 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol were detected whereas, in non-dividing
      lymphocyte cells, no metabolic transformation occurs. Therefore, metabolic
      transformation of the hydroxycholesterol is not required for the expression of
      their activity and the question of the physiological role of the metabolic
      products is raised.

PMID- 3379959
TI  - Simultaneous quantification of five odorous steroids (16-androstenes) in the
      axillary hair of men.
AB  - Five 16-androstenes have been simultaneously quantified in extracts of the
      axillary hair of men (age range 18-40 years) using combined capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry, with specific ion monitoring. Quantities found
      (pmol/mg.hair, with approximate 24-h totals in parentheses) were: 5 alpha-androst
      16-en-3-one, 0-15 (0-433); 4, 16-androstadien-3-one, 0-143 (0-4103); 5,16
      androstadien-3 beta-ol, 0-3.5 (0-728); 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha-ol, 0-17 (0
      1752) and 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol, 0-4 (0-416). There were no significant
      relationships with age of the subjects for any of the steroids measured but
      significant relationships were found between the amounts of the two ketones and
      between 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 alpha- and 3 beta-ols. These findings may
      indicate the existence of a pathway of metabolism in axillary bacteria in which
      4,16-androstadien-3-one is reduced to 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3-one and thence to
      the 3 alpha- and 3 beta-alcohols. The data are discussed in the context of
      axillary odour because of the low olfactory thresholds of several of the 16
      androstenes measured and because of the relatively large quantities found in some
      subjects.

PMID- 3379958
TI  - The effects of dimethylformamide on the interaction of the estrogen receptor with
      estradiol.
AB  - The study of the mechanism of interaction of antiestrogens with the estrogen
      receptor is complicated by the limited solubility of these compounds and their
      nonspecific, hydrophobic interactions with proteins in estrogen receptor
      preparations and with the glass or plastic wall of the test tube. The organic
      solvent dimethylformamide increases the solubility of these compounds in aqueous
      solution and interferes with hydrophobic interactions with solid phases and
      thereby reduces their loss from the solution. For these reasons some
      investigators use dimethylformamide in the antiestrogen-estrogen receptor binding
      assay. In this study we report that dimethylformamide interferes with the
      estrogen receptor's binding kinetics and the estradiol-induced activation of the
      estrogen receptors, and inactivates the receptor.

PMID- 3379960
TI  - Effects of postnatal DES treatment on uterine growth, development, and estrogen
      receptor levels.
AB  - The neonatal rodent appears to be an appropriate animal model for estrogen
      toxicity in the developing reproductive tract. Newborn rats were treated with
      diethylstilbestrol (DES) at human therapeutic doses (approx 1 mg/kg) during two
      ontogenetic periods (postnatal days 1-5 and 1-25). Treatment on days 1-5 doubled
      uterine wt by day 5; however, these uteri failed to grow after discontinuation of
      DES treatment. In contrast, uterine wt was 4-fold higher and DNA content was 2
      fold higher than controls on days 10-25 with continued DES treatment. Total
      uterine estrogen receptor levels, depressed 60% by day 5 of DES treatment,
      partially recovered after discontinuation of DES treatment but remained 25% below
      controls on day 25. Receptor levels following DES on days 1-25 decreased to about
      15% of the controls by day 15. Short-term DES treatment approximately halved
      uterine gland content while continued treatment almost completely inhibited gland
      appearance. DES effects on glands appear related to continued hypertrophy of the
      luminal epithelium, from which uterine glands are derived. Subsequent failure of
      uterine growth caused by DES treatment on days 1-5 is similar to clinical
      findings of hypoplastic uteri in DES-treated patients. Disruption of the normal
      ontogenetic patterns of estrogen receptor by DES may be involved. These data
      demonstrate abnormal patterns of growth, estrogen receptor levels and
      morphogenesis in uteri of rats treated postnatally with DES.

PMID- 3379961
TI  - Activation of human placental 5-pregnene-3,20-dione isomerase activity by
      pyridine nucleotides.
AB  - Isomerization of 5-pregnene-3,20-dione to progesterone by human placental
      microsomes was stimulated by NAD and NADH. Concomitant oxidation or reduction of
      nucleotide was not detected based on absorbance at 340 nm. Concentrations giving
      half-maximum activity were 0.76 microM for NADH and 24.0 microM for NAD. Vmax
      values with 9.28 microM 5-pregnene-3,20-dione were 22.0 nmol/min/mg protein with
      NADH and 65.8 nmol/min/mg protein with NAD. When isomerase was assayed as a
      function of 5-pregnene-3,20-dione concentration, NAD increased Vmax but had no
      effect on the Km value for steroid. NADP, NADPH, acetylpyridine NAD and deamino
      NAD did not activate nor did they compete with NAD. Exposure of microsomes to
      trypsin, phospholipase A2 or phospholipase C resulted in the loss of isomerase
      activity. Approximately 30% of the initial activity was recovered after detergent
      solubilization of microsomes. Hydrogen peroxide did not affect activation by NAD.
      The data are consistent with nucleotide enhancement of a step in the
      isomerization reaction other than substrate binding.

PMID- 3379963
TI  - Multiple head and neck neoplasia following radiation for benign disease during
      childhood.
AB  - A woman received radiation therapy to the adenoids for benign disease at the age
      of 10 years and subsequently developed an adenocarcinoma of the middle ear, a
      parathyroid adenoma, and a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in adulthood.
      This appears to be the first such case on record. The literature of neoplasia
      after head and neck irradiation is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 3379962
TI  - 22-thio-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3 beta-ol: an active site-directed inhibitor of
      cytochrome P450scc.
AB  - The title compound (22-Thiol) was prepared from the 22-hydroxy derivative via the
      isothiouronium salt. Using purified enzyme components from bovine adrenocortical
      mitochondria, 22-Thiol was found to be a potent, competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.7
      microM) of cholesterol side chain cleavage. Spectral studies showed that binding
      of 22-Thiol to cytochrome P450scc produces changes characteristic of sulfur
      coordination to the heme-iron, suggesting that its high affinity arises from a
      dual interaction with the cholesterol binding site and the heme. Together with
      previous results obtained with 22-amino and 22-hydroxy analogues, these findings
      provide support for the proximity of C-22 and the heme-iron of cytochrome P450scc
      in the enzyme-substrate complex.

PMID- 3379964
TI  - Excision of the large congenital melanocytic nevus facilitated by the use of the
      tissue expander.
AB  - Large congenital melanocytic nevi both present a cosmetic problem and may
      predispose to the development of a melanoma. We present a series of three
      patients in whom the tissue expander was employed to facilitate a large excision
      with primary closure and excellent cosmesis.

PMID- 3379965
TI  - Coordinating cancer care using a weekly patient-oriented conference.
AB  - A patient-oriented conference is described that has been successfully used to
      help coordinate a multidisciplinary approach to cancer. The conference is devoted
      to concerns of a nonmedical nature and attempts to address these issues directly
      in the context of a total care plan. The group must realize that similar patient
      related problems will occur again and again. The conference attempts to develop a
      system by which needs of patients are recognized so that the responsibilities of
      the various care givers can be efficiently and effectively integrated into a
      quality product. The conference provides a process for continuous feedback by
      patients and staff members into the system. It can improve the overall quality of
      care and by direct association can improve the quality of life of the patient. It
      can make caring for cancer patients more satisfying, both professionally and
      personally.

PMID- 3379966
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary mycosis fungoides with whole-lung radiation therapy.
AB  - Visceral involvement is a relatively common but poorly appreciated occurrence in
      patients with mycosis fungoides. The lungs are the most common site of visceral
      involvement. Here we present two cases of mycosis fungoides with pulmonary
      parenchymal involvement, one of them proven by biopsy. Both patients were treated
      with whole-lung radiation therapy, with complete disappearance of the lesions and
      improvement of respiratory symptoms. There was no significant radiation-induced
      pulmonary toxicity. One patient continues to be alive with no recurrence in the
      lungs 17 months after radiation therapy.

PMID- 3379967
TI  - Ectopic decidua and metastatic squamous carcinoma: presentation in a single
      pelvic lymph node.
AB  - The presence of ectopic decidua in pelvic lymph nodes from patients with squamous
      carcinoma of the cervix makes evaluation for metastatic disease difficult due to
      the light microscopic similarity between decidua and sheets of squamous
      epithelial cells. A patient is present in whom decidualized endometriosis was
      intimately associated with metastatic moderately differentiate squamous carcinoma
      in a single pelvic lymph node. This phenomenon afforded an excellent opportunity
      to study the unique morphologic features that distinguish these two entities. A
      prior report of this kind was not found. In the absence of obvious squamous
      differentiation (i.e., intercellular bridges, dyskeratosis, and keratin "pearl"
      formation), as is frequently the case with squamous carcinoma of the cervix, the
      light microscopic features that are most useful in distinguishing squamous
      carcinoma from decidua include the presence of well-defined nests of cohesive
      cells, nuclear hyperchromasia, and cellular pleomorphism.

PMID- 3379968
TI  - Intraoperative irradiation in a rat model: histopathological changes in
      irradiated segments of duodenum.
AB  - During intraoperative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas
      in humans, a portion of duodenum is often at risk for radiation-induced
      complications because of its fixed anatomical position within the treatment
      field. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using the rat as
      a model to determine the radiotolerance of normal mammalian duodenum. The
      procedures used to exteriorize and irradiate a selected segment of duodenum are
      described. Histopathologic changes in 5-cm segments of midduodenum were studied
      14 and 28 days after 0, 30, 40, or 50 Gy X-radiation. Complete denudation of the
      epithelium and thickening of the muscularis and serosal layers occurred in all
      irradiated segments by day 14. By day 28, even though crypt and villus
      architectures were atypical, large areas of epithelial regeneration were seen in
      rats receiving 30 Gy. In contrast, complete denudation of the epithelium were
      still evident along most of the length of the irradiated segments in rats
      receiving 40 or 50 Gy. Serosal fibrosis was prominent in all irradiated animals,
      regardless of dose. These results indicate that radiation doses above 30 Gy carry
      high risks of complications. The rat is considered a suitable animal model.

PMID- 3379969
TI  - Anorectal region malignant melanoma.
AB  - A retrospective study of eight patients who had suffered from malignant melanoma
      in the anorectal region was carried out. The initial presentation, histological
      findings, treatment, and survival are described. Mean survival was 18 months;
      however, one patient survived 147 months after initial diagnosis. An inverse
      correlation was noted between depth of tumor penetration and the number of giant
      multinucleated cells. No correlation was found between survival and histological
      findings or therapy regimen.

PMID- 3379970
TI  - Endoscopic surveillance of patients following a curative resection for colorectal
      cancer.
AB  - From 1974 to 1985, 161 patients were followed by at least one colonoscopy
      following a polypectomy for an adenomatous polyp. These patients had had a
      previous curative resection performed for colorectal carcinoma. The median follow
      up time after surgery was 54 months. A polyp within 65 cm from the anal verge or
      from a permanent colostomy was considered detectable by the flexible
      sigmoidoscope. Seventy-one patients (44%) were found to have adenomatous polyp(s)
      within 65 cm during the follow-up period. This incidence was influenced by the
      type of colorectal resection performed. In 36 of 41 patients (88%) undergoing a
      right hemicolectomy, the adenomatous polyp(s) was found within 65 cm from the
      anal verge. This was an incidence statistically and significantly higher than the
      incidence in patients undergoing other types of surgical resections. There were
      no differences in age, sex, or Dukes' stages according to the type of surgical
      resection performed. In summary, the present study demonstrates that there is a
      role for postoperative surveillance by the 65 cm flexible sigmoidoscope. This
      surveillance can be performed with great safety especially in patients following
      a right hemicolectomy; significantly more of these patients have adenomatous
      polyps within reach of the 65 cm flexible sigmoidoscope.

PMID- 3379971
TI  - Comparison of growth and drug response of human tumor cells in serum-free and
      serum-supplemented media in human tumor-clonogenic assay.
AB  - A comparison was made of growth and drug-response of five human tumor cell lines
      (HT-29, colon carcinoma; TWI, melanoma; A-549, lung carcinoma; Panc-1, pancreatic
      carcinoma; and EJ, bladder carcinoma) in serum-free media (SFM) and in serum
      supplemented media (SSM) using the human tumor-clonogenic assay (HTCA) system. HT
      29 cells, which had the highest plating efficiency in both SFM and SSM, were used
      to obtain dose-response curves for four drugs (adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil,
      cisplatin, and BCNU) in the HTCA. Three of the drugs (adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil,
      and cisplatin) produced identical drug-response curves in both SFM and SSM. These
      results suggest that, for some chemotherapeutic agents, results comparable to
      those obtained with SSM in the HTCA can be achieved using SFM. Step-by-step
      addition of growth factors and hormones to SFM may be a useful technique to
      improve some of the technical and logistic problems associated with the HTCA.

PMID- 3379972
TI  - Primary fallopian tube carcinoma: treatment and spread pattern.
AB  - The clinicopathologic aspects of seven cases of Fallopian tube adenocarcinoma are
      analyzed. Potential early spread of this malignancy to the retroperitoneal lymph
      nodes and right subdiaphragmatic area is documented. Multimodality treatment of
      tubal cancer to include surgery, radiation, and drug therapy (alkylating agents,
      progestins, with or without 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin) appears feasible and
      promising.

PMID- 3379973
TI  - Endogenous murine leukemia viruses: frequency of radiation-activation and novel
      pathogenic effects of viral isolates.
AB  - Female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with 0.06 microCi/kg or 0.5
      microCi/kg of the short-lived alpha-emitting radionuclide 224radium at 3-day
      intervals. Infectious N-ecotropic XC+, and xenotropic C-type retroviruses were
      activated in several tissues in both strains. In C57BL/6 mice the activation of
      ecotropic and xenotropic virus was dose-dependent as observed 4 weeks after the
      start of irradiation. In BALB/c mice a few animals showed activation of ecotropic
      virus after four weeks of irradiation. The expression of xenotropic virus was
      similar in irradiated mice and controls. Viral antigen, indicative for viraemia,
      was not detected in irradiated or control animals. Antiviral antibodies were
      found in both control and irradiated mice but higher titers were found in the
      irradiated mice. Bone tissue-derived N-tropic XC+ virus isolates were found to be
      non-oncogenic in newborn mice of the parental strain. In contrast, the same virus
      isolates induced a novel pattern of disease, such as osteopetrosis and osteomas
      together with malignant lymphomas in NMRI mice. The data indicate that the
      pattern of endogenous murine leukemia virus activation by internal alpha
      irradiation is dependent on the dose rate, and on the genetics of the mouse
      strain.

PMID- 3379974
TI  - Production of an active urokinase by leukemia cells: a novel distinction from
      cell lines of solid tumors.
AB  - A new screening test is described which enabled rapid determination of the
      proportion of single-chain and two-chain urokinase produced in the culture
      supernatants of 18 human cell lines. A clear distinction was found between two
      groups of cell lines: cells derived from ten solid tumors produced almost
      exclusively single-chain proenzyme, while the majority of the enzyme found in
      cultures of eight leukemia cell lines was in the active, two-chain form.

PMID- 3379975
TI  - Heme arginate treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes.
AB  - Heme arginate was given to 26 patients with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) as
      infusions of 2-3 mg/kg body weight weekly for 8-12 weeks. Most of the patients
      first received a loading dose on four consecutive days. Six of the patients
      showed improvement in cytopenias during the therapy. In three of the responders
      severely depressed blood cell counts recovered to normal or close to normal. So
      far the maximum duration of a response after the cessation of the treatment is 25
      months, and the two ongoing responses have lasted for 11 and 12 months,
      respectively. In two responders of the eight patients with more than 15% ring
      sideroblasts the number of ring sideroblasts decreased during the treatment but
      remained unchanged in six non-responders. The responders were characterized by a
      low or low normal heme synthase activity which increased during the treatment,
      whereas the non-responders showed a higher mean heme synthase activity which
      decreased during the treatment. In general, the responders had significantly
      fewer defects in heme synthetic enzyme activities than the non-responders. FAB
      type, karyotype or growth pattern in in vitro cultures of hematopoietic
      progenitors did not predict the response. Apart from one case of mild venous
      irritation, no other adverse effects were seen. The present study shows that heme
      arginate induces beneficial effects on cytopenia in some MDS patients and has
      very few side-effects.

PMID- 3379976
TI  - Density gradients for isolation of mononuclear blood cells for magnesium analysis
      by electron probe X-ray microanalysis.
AB  - We present a mononuclear blood cell (MBC) isolation method for magnesium analysis
      by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. We compare the inorganic elemental
      composition of individual MBC isolated by either arabinogalactan (Stractan) or
      conventional Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients. We find that the MBC isolated with
      Stractan have the expected cellular element composition, but MBC isolated with
      Ficoll-Hypaque are contaminated with iodine and sodium. We discuss the source and
      significance of iodine and sodium contamination of Ficoll-Hypaque isolated MBC
      and recommend the Stractan separation method for electron probe X-ray
      microanalysis.

PMID- 3379977
TI  - Changes in intestinal calcium transport and binding in magnesium-deficient
      chicks.
AB  - Disruption of membrane integrity and function has been reported previously as one
      of the predominant effects of magnesium deficiency. In the current study, we have
      examined the uptake and binding of calcium by intestinal brush border membrane
      vesicles from chicks and investigated the effects of Mg deficiency on these
      processes. Both uptake and binding of calcium were significantly decreased in the
      membrane vesicles from animals given the magnesium-deficient diet. In addition,
      the calcium-binding activity of proteins isolated by chromatography on DE-52
      cellulose of mucosal extracts was altered by the magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 3379978
TI  - Arginine-induced hypermagnesemia and hyperkalemia in nephrectomized rats.
AB  - This study examined the effect of arginine monohydrochloride infusion on serum Mg
      and K in nephrectomized rats. Hyperkalemia exceeded the hypermagnesemia both of
      which occurred in response to arginine infusion and/or metabolic acidosis. This
      observation is consonant with our earlier reports which demonstrated that the
      activity of K exceeded that of Mg in shifts between the intracellular and
      extracellular compartments under a variety of experimental conditions.

PMID- 3379979
TI  - Plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations and correlations with maximum
      oxygen consumption in nine- to twelve-year-old competitive swimmers.
AB  - Twenty-two competitive swimmers (9 males, 13 females) were compared with 18
      controls (11 males, 7 females) for body composition, intakes of selected
      nutrients, VO2max, hemoglobin, hematocrit and magnesium concentrations in plasma,
      erythrocytes and whole blood. Subjects ranged in age from 9.5 to 12.9 years. Male
      swimmers had 6.5% less body fat than did male controls (p less than 0.05) whereas
      there was no significant difference in body fat between female swimmers and
      controls. Energy, protein and magnesium intakes for swimmers and controls of the
      same gender were similar. VO2max was significantly higher in swimmers than in
      controls for both sexes. Magnesium concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes and
      whole blood were similar for swimmers and controls. However, concentrations of
      magnesium expressed as milligrams/deciliter in plasma were 8% higher in male
      swimmers than in female swimmers (p less than 0.05). There was a significant (p
      less than 0.05) positive correlation between plasma magnesium and VO2max in
      males, r = +0.42, but not in females.

PMID- 3379980
TI  - Interactions of adrenaline and magnesium on the cardiovascular system of the
      baboon.
AB  - Cardiovascular variables were measured in baboons before and during an adrenaline
      infusion at 1 microgram/kg/min, and following two bolus injections of either
      MgSO4 60 mg/kg or saline. Arterial blood pressure (ABP), systemic vascular
      resistance (SVR), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial pressure and
      pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were all elevated by the adrenaline infusion.
      Cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV) and heart rate were unchanged but
      multifocal arrhythmias occurred. Mg infusion abolished arrhythmias and markedly
      increased CO and SV. SVR was reduced below baseline values by Mg, and ABP and CVP
      returned toward baseline. Saline did not alter adrenaline-induced changes in any
      way. It is concluded that Mg has powerful antiarrhythmic effects in the presence
      of catecholamines and, in addition, may have useful alpha-adrenergic antagonist
      effects.

PMID- 3379981
TI  - Fundamental issues for the interpretation of cellular magnesium.

PMID- 3379982
TI  - Semen magnesium levels in fertile and infertile subjects.
AB  - Semen samples of 37 fertile and 45 infertile subjects were analyzed for magnesium
      level by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean semen magnesium level of
      fertile subjects was found to be 11.9 +/- (SD) 3.0 mg/100 ml and that of
      infertile subjects 6.9 +/- 2.1 mg/100 ml. It was concluded that semen magnesium
      may be a good criterion for prostate function.

PMID- 3379983
TI  - Serum and red blood cell Mg levels in acute coronary events.
AB  - Serum (s-Mg) and red blood cell (e-Mg) Mg levels were assessed in 29 patients
      with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 16 patients with unstable angina
      (UA), from admission until discharge. The following results were found: (1) no
      significant difference existed between mean s-Mg levels in AMI and UA, despite a
      tendency for an increase being noted with a favorable course of disease, (2) in
      AMI, mean s-Mg levels were initially lowered, increased within the first 24 h (p
      less than 0.05), decreased sharply at day 4 (p less than 0.05), and increased
      again until discharge (p less than 0.05). (3) in UA; the increase in mean e-Mg
      during hospitalization is statistically significant (p less than 0.02); (4) no
      significant difference was found between Mg levels and arrhythmias; and (5) a
      linear inverse correlation was found between Mg levels and prognosis of
      infarction.

PMID- 3379985
TI  - The effect of physician personality on laboratory test ordering for hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - Laboratory tests are responsible for a large percentage of health care expenses
      in the United States. In a retrospective study of the outpatient test ordering by
      residents for hypertensive patients between the years 1980 and 1986 at the
      Department of Family Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina, we
      found great variability in laboratory test ordering as well as an association
      between personality as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and
      test ordering. Introverts ordered more than extroverts, and intuitives ordered
      more than sensors. This association was confirmed by a multiple regression
      analysis controlling for potential confounders of test ordering, such as severity
      of disease, the presence of coexisting diabetes mellitus, the demographic
      characteristics of the patient population, and the number of initial evaluations
      for hypertension. Elucidation of a relationship between resident personality and
      laboratory test ordering has important implications for planning intervention
      strategies to reduce excessive laboratory test ordering in ambulatory care.

PMID- 3379984
TI  - Agreement among physician assessment methods. Searching for the truth among
      fallible methods.
AB  - To determine the convergent validity of four methods of physician assessment-
      physician interview, patient interview, chart audit, and videotaped observation-
      these methods were compared for their ability to detect medication regimens
      prescribed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
      Comparisons of data from the four methods revealed substantial discrepancies
      among them. In fact, the methods were in full accord only 36% of the time in
      detecting theophylline prescription, and even less often for the other COPD
      medications. According to physician interview, 78% of patients were on
      theophylline; chart audit revealed 62% of patients were on the medication;
      videotaped observation, 69%; and only 59% of patients reported themselves to be
      on theophylline. An iterative analysis, applied to determine which method most
      accurately captures data, revealed that reports from physician interviews were
      the most precise source of data. Although the order of merit was much the same
      for each of the drugs studied, there were some differences in levels of
      sensitivity across drugs. Specificities were consistently high for all drugs and
      all methods.

PMID- 3379986
TI  - Explaining the declining rate of physician utilization among the oldest-old.
AB  - This article reports the results of a regression-based cohort analysis of
      physician utilization rates among eight 4-year cohorts of elderly Americans over
      an 8-year period. Data on 99,445 noninstitutionalized individuals aged 56-95 were
      taken from the pooled 1972-73, 1976-77, and 1980-81 Health Interview Surveys. The
      parameters of the behavioral model of health services utilization were then
      estimated separately for each cohort within each pooled survey. The partial
      unstandardized regression coefficients obtained were used to construct standard
      cohort tables, which were then visually and statistically compared to identify
      any changes due to aging, period, or cohort effects. The findings suggest that
      the declining rate of physician utilization among the oldest-old results from an
      accelerated decreased response to health-related limitations in activity. Six
      plausible explanations for this changing response are considered.

PMID- 3379987
TI  - A randomized trial of quality assurance in nursing homes.
AB  - Sixty nursing homes were randomly allocated to receive or not to receive a
      quality assurance intervention. The experimental intervention included the use of
      predeveloped quality assurance packages, the services of a quality assurance
      consultant, and the process of working through the quality assurance cycle with
      one of two principal indicator conditions. Two prevalent health problems,
      hazardous mobility and constipation, were selected as the principal indicator
      conditions. To detect co-intervention, one of two hidden secondary indicator
      conditions (potential skin breakdown and urinary incontinence) was assessed in
      each facility. In the control nursing homes, both the principal and secondary
      indicator conditions were hidden from staff. The care for 1,525 residents was
      examined before and after the intervention using a retrospective record review
      initiated for the study purposes. Improvement in management of the principal
      conditions, hazardous mobility and constipation, was greater in the experimental
      group (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.005, respectively). Neither group
      changed its management of the hidden conditions. Behavior change was achieved
      using quality assurance-linked interventions. Further research should focus on
      refining quality assurance interventions that provide staff education and
      motivational strategies.

PMID- 3379988
TI  - The cost and efficacy of home care for patients with chronic lung disease.
AB  - A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess efficacy and cost of
      sustained home nursing care for patients with chronic lung disease. Three hundred
      one patients were randomly assigned to a respiratory home care group (RHC) that
      received care from respiratory home care nurses, a standard home care group (SHC)
      that received care from regular home care nurses, or an office care group (OC)
      that received whatever care they needed except for home care. Patients were
      followed for 1 year. At the end of the study year, there was no difference in
      survival, pulmonary function, or everyday functioning among the three groups.
      Average annual cost of care for all study patients was $7,647 (1981-82 dollars).
      The average annual health care costs for patients in the RHC group was $9,768;
      for those in the SHC group, $8,058; and for those in the OC group, $5,051 (F =
      6.45, df = 2/298, P = 0.02). These results suggest that the current policy of
      limited coverage of home nursing services by Medicare and other third-party
      payers may be appropriate.

PMID- 3379989
TI  - Female veterans' use of health care services.
AB  - The number of female veterans has more than doubled in the last 15 years, and
      this growth is expected to continue. This study examines the current utilization
      of both overall and Veterans Administration (VA) health care services by female
      veterans. Current utilization is studied as a set of contact decisions: whether
      or not to utilize any inpatient, VA inpatient, any outpatient, and VA outpatient
      services. Probit regression is used to estimate these dichotomous choices.
      Results indicate that health status and some demographic variables are
      significantly related to the use of all four types of care. In addition, use of
      other VA benefits, the absence of private insurance coverage, and low income are
      predictors of use of the VA.

PMID- 3379990
TI  - Comparative costs of a cooperative care program versus inpatient hospital care
      for obstetric patients.
AB  - The cost of obstetric care delivered in a cooperative care unit was compared with
      the cost for similar patients treated in a traditional inpatient maternity unit.
      The study sample contained 1,683 consecutive patients representing 23 diagnosis
      categories. The analysis indicates that cooperative care patients had
      significantly lower total hospital costs. This cost savings persisted even when
      we controlled for case severity. The only exception was for the obstetric patient
      requiring intra-abdominal surgery. For fiscal year 1986, hospital cost savings
      for the 576 patients who used the cooperative care unit was +80,640 or
      approximately +105,000 in total patient charges. The majority of the savings came
      from a reduction in routine nursing services that are directly attributable to
      the cooperative care unit. We conclude that cooperative care can be an
      economically feasible alternative for most obstetric patients.

PMID- 3379992
TI  - [Coffee, caffeine and the heart--heart disease].

PMID- 3379991
TI  - Routine admission laboratory testing for general medical patients.
AB  - We evaluated the usefulness of commonly ordered routine admission laboratory
      tests in 301 patients admitted consecutively to the internal medicine wards of a
      university teaching hospital. Using a consensus analysis approach, three
      Department of Medicine faculty members reviewed the charts of admitted patients
      to determine the impact of the test results on patient care. The evaluated tests
      were the urinalysis, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count, six
      factor automated multiple analysis (serum sodium, potassium, chloride,
      bicarbonate, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen), prothrombin time, partial
      thromboplastin time, chest x-ray, and electrocardiogram. Forty-five percent of
      the 3,684 tests were ordered for patients without recognizable medical
      indications. Twelve percent of these routine tests were abnormal, 5% led to
      additional laboratory testing, but only 0.5% led to change in the treatment of
      patients. We conclude that the impact of routine admission laboratory testing on
      patient care is very small and that there is little justification for ordering
      tests solely because of hospital admission.

PMID- 3379993
TI  - [Reports of adverse effects in 1987: reduction since last year].

PMID- 3379994
TI  - [Does retroperitonealization of anastomoses in left-sided large intestine
      resections lower postoperative mortality?].

PMID- 3379995
TI  - [Does retroperitonealization of anastomoses in left-sided large intestine
      resections lower postoperative mortality?].
AB  - 601 low anterior anastomoses of the rectum are analysed concerning suture
      techniques, leakage rate and operative mortality. None of the patients who
      developed a dehiscence (9.3%) died due to the extraperitoneal position of the
      anastomosis and the continuous sump-suction drainage of the retroperitoneum. The
      operative mortality was 1.5%.

PMID- 3379996
TI  - [Value of the Miller-Abbott tube in the treatment of postoperative ileus].
AB  - This comparative study reports about therapeutic procedures in postoperative
      ileus. A group of 51 patients was treated with the Miller-Abbott-tube, placed by
      endoscopy, another comparable group, covering 41 patients, was attended by
      primary relaparotomy. The present study describes indications, technique, and
      problems of the Miller-Abbott procedure; success and failure in both groups are
      compared and discussed. The results of the Miller-Abbott-group enable us to
      reestimate conservative treatment of postoperative ileus.

PMID- 3379997
TI  - [Follow-up of infected patients in an intensive care unit using the "infection
      score," endotoxin and AT III determination].
AB  - 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit for postoperative sepsis were
      prospectively documented. The severity of sepsis was monitored by a scoring
      system. Additionally, daily measurements of antithrombin III (AT-III) levels,
      thrombocytes and endotoxin plasma concentrations were performed. The sepsis score
      only discriminated between surviving and non-surviving patients. The sensitivity
      in predicting death due to sepsis was 94%, the specificity 80% in case that a
      sepsis score of 19 was achieved. In contrast, thrombocytes, endotoxin plasma
      concentrations and AT-III levels were not able to predict the final outcome, but
      could be correlated to the severity of sepsis. Since high score levels can also
      be caused by multiple organ failure due to other reasons, the septic condition of
      the patients should be defined in the future by the combination of this scoring
      system with the endotoxin or AT-III measurement.

PMID- 3379998
TI  - [Ileus--when is an emergency operation indicated?].

PMID- 3379999
TI  - Comparison of intracellular pH measurements by 31P NMR and weak acid partitioning
      in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts.
AB  - Intracellular pH measurements obtained by 31P NMR and DMO partitioning are
      compared. A continuous-flow culture system was used to measure the intracellular
      pH of Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts in response to changes in the
      extracellular pH. These measurements were repeated with the CHO cells in
      suspension and under similar experimental conditions using the weak acid
      partitioning technique employing 14C-DMO. It is shown that the pHi values are
      identical, within experimental error, for both techniques in the 6.80-7.70 pH
      range, with the DMO technique giving slightly more acidic intracellular pH in the
      6.00-6.80 range. It is concluded that both techniques give similar values for
      intracellular pH in the physiological range, with the DMO partitioning giving
      more acidic values at pH's less than 6.80. The range of validity for pHi
      measurements using 31P NMR lies between 6.70 and 7.50.

PMID- 3380000
TI  - Sodium NMR imaging of lung water in rats.
AB  - Coronal proton and sodium images of control rats and rats with either increased
      permeability edema produced by intravenous alloxan (300 mg/kg) or increased
      pressure edema produced by saline infusion (2 ml/min) were obtained. Axial chest
      CT images were used to monitor the development of pulmonary edema. Immediately
      after the imaging session compartmental lung water was measured gravimetrically.
      The sodium and proton imagings were done sequentially in a 31-cm-bore 1.9-T
      magnet without moving the animal. The anatomical boundaries of the lung on the
      proton images were transferred to the sodium images for calculation of the
      average sodium signal intensity which was determined by extrapolating the mean
      values from five echoes to time zero. The sodium signal intensity was correlated
      (r = 0.7) with the total water fraction. There was poor correlation (r = 0.56)
      with the extravascular water due to confounding by the sodium vascular signal.

PMID- 3380001
TI  - Effect of phase-encoding direction upon magnetic resonance image quality of the
      heart.
AB  - In order to optimize overall cardiac image quality on MR images experienced
      observers were asked to rank and rate MR images of the heart. The effect of phase
      encoding direction and use of cardiac triggering with and without respiratory
      gating was examined in three orthogonal imaging planes. Results indicate that use
      of both respiratory and cardiac gating yields the best images. Adequate images of
      the heart can be obtained without respiratory gating. The quality of images of
      the heart can be optimized by proper selection of the direction of the phase
      encoding gradient. These are improved by using horizontal phase encoding in the
      sagittal plane and vertical phase encoding in transverse and coronal planes.

PMID- 3380002
TI  - 31P NMR spectroscopy of the in vivo metabolism of an intracerebral glioma in the
      rat.
AB  - The in vivo high-energy phosphorus metabolic profile and pH of an experimental
      intracerebral C6 glioma in rats was examined using surface coil 31P NMR
      spectroscopy. Initially, phosphorus-containing metabolites of the glioma were
      characterized by in vivo 31P surface coil spectroscopy of subcutaneously
      implanted tumors and by high-resolution NMR studies of perchloric acid (PCA)
      extracts of both freeze-clamped subcutaneous tumor tissue and cultured cells.
      These studies demonstrated that the C6 glioma has reduced levels of
      phosphocreatine (PCr) compared to the levels found in normal rat brain. Thus,
      reduced spectral PCr levels were useful as a metabolic indicator for monitoring
      the spatial selectivity of tumor metabolism distinct from that of adjacent normal
      brain tissue. To maximize 31P NMR signals from intracerebral tumors, tumor cells
      were stereotaxically placed superficially in the brain. Proton magnetic resonance
      imaging (1H MRI) was used to determine the size and location of the resultant
      brain tumors in order to preselect rats with large superficial tumors for
      spectroscopic study. 31P NMR spectra of the glioma tumors revealed a consistent
      reduction in the PCr/ATP ratio, an increase in the Pi/ATP ratio, and a slightly
      increased tissue pH. No correlation was found between levels of Pi/ATP and tumor
      pH in subcutaneous or intracerebral gliomas and the amount of necrosis as
      determined histologically. This study demonstrates that phosphorus metabolites of
      an experimental brain tumor in the rat can be monitored in vivo with minimal
      contributions from adjacent normal brain tissue metabolites using surface coil
      31P NMR spectroscopy.

PMID- 3380003
TI  - Rapid local rectangular views and magnifications: reduced phase encoding of
      orthogonally excited spin echoes.
AB  - A method is described for rapid, artifact-free imaging and magnification of small
      regions within a larger sample. This combines a rectangular window, reconstructed
      from a reduced number of phase-encoding steps, and confinement of spin echoes to
      a similar rectangular strip by orthogonal pi/2 and pi excitations. Phase encoding
      is along the width of the strip (along Y). Off-center strips are excited by
      offsetting the Y slice-selecting gradient, and the reconstruction window is kept
      coincident with excitation by similarly offsetting the Y phase-encoding gradient.
      The excited strip is centered in the reconstruction window by setting the
      radiofrequency transmitter on resonance. The method is shown to be useful for
      long narrow structures such as the spine where the acquisition time is reduced by
      over a factor of 5 determined by the image aspect ratio.

PMID- 3380004
TI  - An experimental approach to 31P spin-lattice relaxation time measurement in
      biological systems.
AB  - The accuracy of measurement of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) in
      biological systems using the variable nutation angle method is discussed using
      computer simulations. This method could reduce the time required for measurement
      to 10% of that using the inversion recovery method. In the perfused salivary
      gland of the rat (310 K), the T1 values of sugar phosphates, creatine phosphate,
      gamma-phosphate, and beta-phosphate of nucleotide triphosphates determined by
      this method were 5.2, 4.8, 0.9, and 0.8 s, respectively. During secretion of
      saliva, the T1 value of sugar phosphates decreased to 3.7 s, which could be due
      to an increased chemical exchange of phosphate in glycolysis.

PMID- 3380005
TI  - Modulation of water proton relaxation rates by liposomes containing paramagnetic
      materials.
AB  - Liposomes containing paramagnetic chemicals have significant potential for
      enhancing the effectiveness and selectivity of contrast agents in magnetic
      resonance imaging. We have studied the interactions of water, liposomes, and
      contrast agents using NMR and ESR. We find that the permeability of liposomes to
      water is of major importance in determining the effects of these systems on water
      proton relaxation. Key factors include (1) liposome composition, which determines
      the phospholipid membrane phase behavior as a function of temperature; (2)
      liposome structure (unilamellar or multilamellar); (3) location of the contrast
      agent in the liposome (aqueous space or lipid membrane); and (4) binding of
      contrast agents by liposomes. By appropriate selection of these factors it is
      possible to obtain effective proton relaxation enhancement in a manner suitable
      for particular experimental or clinical needs for contrast in MRI. For maximum
      relaxivity using lipophilic nitroxides, the optimum system appears to be 5-doxyl
      stearate in multilamellar vesicles with a membrane composition that gives a phase
      transition temperature slightly above body temperature.

PMID- 3380007
TI  - Direct FLASH MR imaging of magnetic field inhomogeneities by gradient
      compensation.
AB  - MR images based on gradient echoes are sensitive to artifacts caused by
      inhomogeneities of the static magnetic field. This paper describes the effects of
      local gradients in rapid FLASH MR images and presents a way of directly imaging
      affected areas. The idea is to compensate for signal losses due to mutual
      cancellation of dephased magnetizations by deliberate "misadjustments" of the
      refocusing part of the slice selection gradient. In contrast to conventional
      field imaging techniques no three-dimensional data acquisition or subsequent
      Fourier analysis is required to obtain images at a particular gradient strength.
      Conventional as well as inhomogeneity compensated FLASH images have been obtained
      on phantoms and human heads using a 2.35-T 40-cm magnet and a 1.5-T whole-body
      system, respectively.

PMID- 3380006
TI  - Magnetic field shimming by Fourier analysis.
AB  - The homogeneity of the magnetic field of an Oxford 85/310HR magnet was optimized
      with the use of passive shims (i.e., pieces of steel) and room-temperature
      electronic shims. Both the characteristics of the passive shims and the current
      settings for the room-temperature electronic shims were calculated with the goal
      of minimizing field inhomogeneities as assessed by Fourier analysis of data from
      circular field plots. The measurement techniques, the methods of data analysis,
      and the techniques employed in correcting the magnetic field are presented.
      Difficulties and constructive approaches are suggested in these descriptions. The
      final results show a field of excellent homogeneity over a 10-cm-diameter
      spherical volume, with a peak-to-peak variation of 3.2 ppm, which is better than
      the manufacturer's expected specification of 5 ppm. A water-filled sphere of 10
      cm diameter gave a half-height linewidth of 0.14 ppm after a small amount of
      additional touch-up shimming. The field homogeneity as corrected is much improved
      over its original state, allowing the acquisition of improved spectra from
      samples of a size several centimeters in each linear dimension. Thus the field
      homogeneity is more useful for in vivo spectroscopy, the purpose for which the
      magnet was intended.

PMID- 3380009
TI  - Control in childbirth.

PMID- 3380008
TI  - Percentile distributions of selected social indicators for 1980 metropolitan
      census tracts.

PMID- 3380010
TI  - Childbirth and incontinence.

PMID- 3380012
TI  - Prenatal corticosteroid in preventing respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 3380011
TI  - Patterns of mixed feeding.

PMID- 3380013
TI  - A challenge for midwives, the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity rates
      throughout the world.

PMID- 3380014
TI  - AIDS: A national turning point. Report on the Third International Conference on
      AIDS.

PMID- 3380015
TI  - Problems and practices of midwifery in the Western Pacific region.

PMID- 3380016
TI  - Growth hormone and somatomedin C during post-menopausal replacement therapy with
      oestrogen alone and in combination with an antioestrogen.
AB  - Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and somatomedin C were monitored in
      14 women during post-menopausal replacement therapy with oestrogen alone and in
      combination with a specific antioestrogen. During 3 mth of treatment with ethinyl
      oestradiol (10 micrograms daily), the mean serum GH level rose from 2.8 +/- 0.78
      mU/l (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 6.5 +/- 0.39 mU/l, whereas the concentration of
      somatomedin C fell from 22.4 +/- 0.89 to 15.4 +/- 0.43 nM. These changes during
      unopposed oestrogen treatment were clearly reversed by the addition of tamoxifen
      (20 mg daily), following which GH concentrations fell to pre-treatment levels. It
      is suggested that oestrogens inhibit somatomedin C production in the liver and
      that GH secretion may play an important role in regard to certain liver effects
      induced by oral oestrogen therapy.

PMID- 3380017
TI  - Hormonal activity of epithelial ovarian tumours in post-menopausal women.
AB  - Concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol in peripheral serum and tumour cyst
      fluid were measured in 42 post-menopausal women with epithelial ovarian tumours
      (17 cancer, 6 borderline malignant, 19 benign tumours) and in 19 post-menopausal
      women without ovarian neoplasms. The hormonal response of the endometrium was
      assessed, progestogen and oestrogen receptor content in the tumour tissue case
      recorded, and tumour deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy was measured by flow
      cytometry. No significant differences were found between the mean serum steroid
      levels in patients with malignant, borderline or benign tumours, but the mean
      serum levels of oestradiol in patients with malignant or benign ovarian tumours
      were higher than those in the controls. Endometrial hormonal activity was seen in
      19% of the samples studied. Malignant and benign mucinous epithelial tumours were
      the types most frequently associated with hormonal activity. Increased levels of
      sex steroids were seen in the cyst fluid of serous malignant and borderline
      malignant tumours, while benign tumours were inactive. The steroid receptor
      content of the various tumour types did not vary significantly. Ten (59%) out of
      17 ovarian carcinomas were found to be aneuploid and 41% diploid as measured by
      flow cytometry. No significant differences in serum levels of progesterone and
      oestradiol were found between aneuploid and diploid ovarian carcinomas. These
      results contribute to our knowledge of the hormonal activity of epithelial
      ovarian tumours in post-menopausal women.

PMID- 3380018
TI  - Prevalence of hormone replacement therapy in a sample of middle-aged women.
AB  - A survey based on a postal questionnaire sent to a random sample of Danish women
      aged 40-59 yr living on the island of Funen (n = 401, response rate = 79%)
      revealed that the overall prevalence of the use of hormone replacement therapy
      (HRT) was 16%, the highest rate being in the 50-54 age group (21%). Among post
      menopausal women the rate was 21% and it was highest of all (37%) in those who
      had undergone an artificial menopause. The median age at the start of treatment
      was 44.3 yr among the artificial menopause and 48.9 yr among the natural
      menopause subjects. About half of the women were treated with natural oestrogen
      alone and over a third with cyclic natural oestrogen in combination with
      progestogens. Almost one-third of the women had consulted their doctor about
      climacteric complaints and two-thirds of these were current or past users of HRT.
      The women had ambiguous feelings towards HRT, approximately one third reporting a
      positive and one-third a negative attitude.

PMID- 3380019
TI  - Body mass index distribution in climacteric women.
AB  - Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in 2481 climacteric women selected from
      among the outpatients attending the Menopause Clinic at Bologna University in
      absence of hormonal replacement therapy and diseases that could cause weight
      gain. Analysis of variance of the W/H2 (weight/height squared) distribution in
      different age and climacteric situations demonstrates that the pre-menopause is a
      weight-gain inducing state and that ageing seems to cause a progressive increase
      in W/H2.

PMID- 3380020
TI  - Influence of oral contraceptive use on bone density in climacteric women.
AB  - The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of long-term administration
      of oral contraceptives on bone density in climacteric women. The existence of a
      correlation between long-term use and bone density was confirmed.

PMID- 3380021
TI  - Physician fees should go directly to the Board of Medicine.

PMID- 3380023
TI  - MSMS HMSS members discuss quality of care issues.

PMID- 3380022
TI  - Quality of care: how times have changed.

PMID- 3380024
TI  - Pitfalls in practice.

PMID- 3380025
TI  - We must take an active role in providing quality care.

PMID- 3380026
TI  - FAS persists despite broad public awareness.

PMID- 3380028
TI  - Symptoms and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3380027
TI  - The state of the National Health Service: an in-house debate.

PMID- 3380029
TI  - Measles and rubella immunisation in Fife.

PMID- 3380030
TI  - Conference paper: the food revolution.

PMID- 3380031
TI  - Management of perinatal death.

PMID- 3380032
TI  - Community response to the challenge of AIDS.

PMID- 3380033
TI  - Principles of homoeopathy.

PMID- 3380034
TI  - Safe motherhood.

PMID- 3380035
TI  - A case of cancer cured.

PMID- 3380036
TI  - Thiamin and alcoholic beverages: to add or not to add?

PMID- 3380037
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the threat of tuberculosis.

PMID- 3380038
TI  - The calcium debate.

PMID- 3380039
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a tuberculosis threat?
AB  - In the United States there has been an increase in mycobacterial infections that
      is attributable to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Since 1983,
      when the first case of AIDS was reported in Australia, there have been 523
      patients (to June 30, 1987) notified with group-IV AIDS and, of these, 361 (69%)
      cases have been in New South Wales. Of these 361 notifications, 59 (16%) patients
      have had concurrent mycobacterial infection. Seven of these patients had
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and five of these infections occurred in
      1986. This means that, in 1986, patients with group-IV AIDS had a rate of
      infection with Myco. tuberculosis of 3000 per 100,000 population, compared with
      5.2 cases per 100,000 population for New South Wales. We sought to determine
      whether or not there was any unexplained increase in notifications which might be
      attributable to AIDS. This paper reports cases that were notified to the AIDS and
      tuberculosis registers, finds that atypical mycobacterial infections are
      underreported by at least 19.5%, and examines trends in notifications for
      mycobacterial disease since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. It also raises the
      importance of appropriate measures to protect health workers from tuberculosis.

PMID- 3380040
TI  - Interns' identification of patients' health risks in a casualty department.
AB  - This study examined whether the interns who staffed a hospital casualty
      department identified correctly four common health risks among their patients.
      When compared with patients who were attending general practitioners, patients
      who attended the casualty department were more likely to be cigarette smokers.
      They were also more likely to be heavy drinkers of alcohol and to score highly on
      a standardized measure of psychological disturbance. Women were less likely to
      have undergone a Papanicolaou smear-examination within the previous two years.
      The interns, who were the subjects in this study, failed to identify 56% of the
      smokers, 84% of the heavy drinkers, 35% of the psychologically-disturbed patients
      and 95% of the women who had not undergone a Papanicolaou smear-test in the last
      two years. The findings were in contrast with the interns' own opinions on what
      would constitute good-quality care in this setting. The subjects were just
      beginning their internship at the time of the study. Their failure to integrate
      important questions about common health risks suggests that their undergraduate
      training has been deficient in this area. The internship is the last formal
      opportunity to correct this deficiency before these doctors are registered for
      independent medical practice.

PMID- 3380041
TI  - Orphaned kangaroo and wallaby joeys as a potential zoonotic source of Salmonella
      spp.
AB  - Sixteen serotypes of Salmonella spp. were isolated from 37 (26.8%) of 138
      orphaned kangaroo and wallaby pouch-young which were in the care of guardians in
      north Queensland. Sal. lansing, Sal. virchow and Sal. wandsworth were the most
      prevalent serotypes. Orphaned macropodid joeys are a potential source of zoonotic
      infection for Salmonella spp. and recommendations to reduce the risk of
      transmission to humans are presented.

PMID- 3380042
TI  - Doctors' practices and attitudes regarding voluntary euthanasia.
AB  - We report the results of a survey of the attitudes and practices of doctors in
      Victoria with respect to requests for active help in dying from patients who were
      suffering from a terminal or incurable disease. Questionnaires were sent to 2000
      Victorian doctors who had been selected at random, 869 of whom returned completed
      questionnaires. The survey indicates that a clear majority of those who responded
      to the questionnaire support active voluntary euthanasia and that many doctors
      have provided active help in dying. Forty per cent of doctors indicated that they
      would practise active voluntary euthanasia if it were legal. We compare the
      results of our survey with a recent telephone survey of British general
      practitioners.

PMID- 3380043
TI  - Time to lower cholesterol: the potential effect of cholesterol reduction on the
      incidence of cardiovascular disease.
AB  - Cardiovascular disease imposes a major burden on our community through its high
      morbidity, mortality and health-care costs. Elevated cholesterol levels have been
      recognized increasingly as an important and modifiable risk factor for this
      disease. We assessed the impact of a reduction in cholesterol levels in our
      community and compared its importance with the reduction of another major risk
      factor for this disease, namely, smoking. Results from this analysis indicate
      that a greater proportion of cardiovascular disease can be attributed to elevated
      cholesterol levels compared with smoking in our population. This difference is
      due largely to the prevalence of elevated cholesterol levels in the community.
      Evidence from international studies indicates that a 5% reduction in the
      cholesterol level of Australians is a realistic health target for the population
      and that this reduction would lead to a major reduction in the burden of
      cardiovascular disease and to substantial economic savings. This paper provides
      further evidence to support the National Heart Foundation of Australia's
      recommendations for a reduction of cholesterol levels in the Australian
      population.

PMID- 3380044
TI  - Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a family anthology.
AB  - While the Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome is well recognized, the story of one
      family has been related to describe some remarkable features. These include the
      psychopathology of the mother, the involvement of both children in the family,
      the great difficulty in obtaining proof of child abuse and, finally, the
      prosecution of the mother in the criminal court.

PMID- 3380045
TI  - The matter of outcome.

PMID- 3380046
TI  - Uterine leiomyosarcoma presenting with haemoperitoneum.

PMID- 3380047
TI  - Prescribing habits of general practitioners.

PMID- 3380048
TI  - Use of silver sulphadiazine cream for burns caused by cytotoxic-drug
      extravasation.

PMID- 3380049
TI  - Measles immunization in children attending Australian general practitioners.

PMID- 3380050
TI  - Effect of anticonvulsant medication in the preschool years on later language
      development.

PMID- 3380051
TI  - Trick-skiing injuries in water-skiing.

PMID- 3380052
TI  - Hearing loss attributed to desferrioxamine in patients with beta-thalassaemia
      major.

PMID- 3380053
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factors.

PMID- 3380054
TI  - Myocardial infarction after surgery.

PMID- 3380055
TI  - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3380056
TI  - [Medical imaging diagnosis. The place of modern imaging technology].

PMID- 3380057
TI  - [Recommendations for nutrition in high blood pressure. The German League for the
      Prevention of Hypertension].

PMID- 3380058
TI  - Treatment of Lyme disease.

PMID- 3380059
TI  - Mitoxantrone.

PMID- 3380060
TI  - Medical students' attitudes towards cancer: influence of the type of clerkship
      experience.
AB  - Attitudes of third-year medical students relative to patients with cancer were
      assessed prior to and following three different 6-week pediatric clerkships.
      Clerkship I (N = 139) was conducted in a public hospital where student contact
      with all patients occurred in wards, supervised by pediatricians in all
      subspecialties. Clerkship II (N = 146) was in a pediatric hospital which is a
      cancer center. Contact with patients with cancer was directed by oncologists and
      nononcologists. Clerkship III (N = 31) was similar to II, with an exposure to an
      oncology ward. A 51-item instrument, employing a visual analog scale, which
      included general, adult, and pediatric items, was used (pre- & postclerkship) to
      evaluate attitudes in all 316 students and 49 faculty instructors associated with
      the clerkships. Factor analysis of student responses to pediatric items resulted
      in four factors: a) early diagnosis, b) aggressive therapy, c) long-range
      surveillance, and d) psychosocial support in reference to patients with cancer.
      Post-test differences between clerkship groups in items a and b were noted, with
      increasing positivity correlated with increased exposure to oncology and
      oncologists. Attitudes of faculty nononcologists differed significantly from
      those of oncologists irrespective of institutional affiliation.

PMID- 3380061
TI  - Mitoxantrone in relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Seventeen patients with relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were
      treated with 14 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone given in a 30-minute infusion daily for
      three days. If the day fourteen bone marrow showed residual leukemia, a second
      course was given at the same dose for two days. Eight patients (47%) entered
      complete remission. Three patients (17%) had a partial response, four (24%) did
      not respond, and two (12%) died with hypoplastic marrows during treatment. Seven
      of the 12 relapsed patients entered a complete remission, as did one of the five
      refractory patients. Toxicity was acceptable; prolonged myelosuppression,
      moderate hepatic toxicity, and stomatitis were the only problems. Several dose
      schedules of mitoxantrone have been studied by other investigators with varying
      results. The three-day schedule in the present study is similar to the schedule
      used for common induction regimens employing anthracycline drugs. On the basis of
      its activity and acceptable toxicity in relapsed and refractory ANLL patients, we
      feel that this schedule could be safely combined with other agents in future
      studies.

PMID- 3380062
TI  - Minimal change disease as the etiology of the nephrotic syndrome in a patient
      with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Glomerular lesions have rarely been reported with angioimmunoblastic
      lymphadenopathy (AILD). A patient with histologically documented AILD developed
      the nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy demonstrated minimal change disease. Both
      the lymphadenopathy and the nephrotic syndrome spontaneously remitted in this
      patient. Prior reports of renal disease in AILD and atypical lymphoproliferative
      disorders are discussed. An association between the minimal change lesions and
      AILD is suggested.

PMID- 3380063
TI  - [Early cancer of the stomach. A prospective study of 63 patients].

PMID- 3380064
TI  - Distribution of anionic sites on the capillary endothelium in an experimental
      brain tumor model.
AB  - The distribution of anionic domains on the capillary endothelium of experimental
      brain tumors was determined using cationic ferritin (CF) in order to ascertain
      whether the pattern of these domains is different from that on normal cerebral
      capillaries. Tumors were induced by stereotaxic injection of cultured neoplastic
      glial cells, A15A5, into the caudate nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Following a
      14-21 day growth period tumors appeared as vascularized, sharply circumscribed
      masses which caused compression of the surrounding brain tissue. Anionic domains
      were distributed in a patchy and irregular pattern on the luminal plasma membrane
      of the endothelia of blood vessels in the tumors. Some variability in this
      pattern was observed infrequently in limited regions of the tumor where there was
      either a continuous layer of CF or an absence of CF binding. Plasmalemmal
      vesicles, coated vesicles, coated pits, multivesicular bodies, and some
      junctional complexes showed varying degrees of labeling with the probe.
      Capillaries in the tumor periphery and normal cerebral vessels showed a uniform
      distribution of anionic groups. These results indicate that there is an altered
      surface charge on the endothelial luminal plasma membrane of blood vessels in
      brain tumors. A correlation may exist between the altered surface charge and the
      degree to which the blood-brain barrier is impaired in these vessels.

PMID- 3380065
TI  - Changes in macromolecular permeability of microvessels in rat small intestine
      after total occlusion ischemia/reperfusion.
AB  - We investigated the role of free radicals in total occlusion ischemia/reperfusion
      injury (IRI) of rat small intestine (SI), as measured by changes in
      macromolecular permeability following pretreatment with free radical blockers or
      scavengers. We also compared susceptibilities to IRI both along the length of the
      small intestine, and between tissue layers of its wall. In anaesthetised rats,
      loops of SI were made ischemic for 1-15 min, followed by reperfusion for 0-10
      min. Five min prior to killing, 250 mg/kg fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum
      albumin (FITC-BSA) was injected i.v. Tissue was formalin-fixed, sectioned and
      examined by fluorescence microscopy. FITC-BSA fluorescence was restricted to
      discrete focal spots (i.e. blood vessel lumina) in control intestine. In tissue
      made ischemic, but not reperfused, there was little extravasation of FITC-BSA. In
      reperfused tissue, there was extensive tracer leakage from vessels, predominantly
      in the mucosa and submucosa. There was also histological evidence of villus
      tissue damage. The jejunum was more susceptible to IRI than was the mid small
      intestine which was more susceptible than the ileum. Superoxide or hydroxyl
      generation blockers or scavengers (allopurinol, dimethyl sulphoxide or superoxide
      dismutase) failed to prevent extravasation of FITC-BSA in the mucosa and
      submucosa of reperfused tissue, indicating that these radicals appear to have no
      crucial role in total occlusion IRI of rat SI.

PMID- 3380066
TI  - Intestinal calcium absorption in man during lithium therapy.
AB  - Intestinal absorption of calcium was determined in 11 patients prior to and after
      4 weeks of lithium therapy. In 6 patients the absorption decreased and in 5
      patients the absorption increased. The urinary calcium excretion decreased in all
      patients during lithium therapy, representing a relative reduction of 55%. Serum
      calcium remained unchanged. These findings indicate a retention of calcium, which
      probably accumulates in the intracellular space.

PMID- 3380067
TI  - Potentiation of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity by vitamin-D-induced hypercalcemia.
AB  - The effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3-induced hypercalcemia on the course of
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the rat was studied. Daily gentamicin, 100 mg/kg
      body weight, was administered subcutaneously concomitant with 1,25(OH)2 vitamin
      D3, 50 ng s.c. to male Sprague-Dawley rats. This group was compared to rats
      injected with gentamicin alone, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 alone, and an ethanol
      vehicle as a control. Structural and functional parameters of acute renal failure
      were assessed following 4, 6 and 7 days of treatment. Severe morphologic evidence
      of tubular injury was documented on day 6 in the group injected with gentamicin
      and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. Correlative functional and metabolic evidence of
      tubular cell deterioration occurred in this group on day 7 as represented by an
      elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 198 +/- 14 mg/dl (p less than 0.001 compared
      to all other groups), a heightened mean renal cortical homogenate calcium,
      1,028.3 +/- 304.8 nmol/mg protein (p less than 0.05 or better compared to all
      other groups), and significantly increased mean cortical mitochondrial calcium
      content, 796.3 +/- 116.5 nmol/mg protein (p less than 0.01 in relation to all
      other groups). Elevated total serum calcium to a level of 11.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl (p
      less than 0.001 compared to control group) developed in the gentamicin/1,25(OH)2
      vitamin D3 group on day 4, 2 days prior to pronounced structural damage, and
      continued to be elevated through day 7. No difference in serum phosphorus levels,
      however, developed between control and gentamicin-plus-vitamin-D-treated animals
      except on day 7 when severe renal failure developed in this group.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380068
TI  - Aluminum bone content in dialysis osteodystrophy with secondary
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - To assess whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) has any effect on bone aluminium (A1)
      accumulation, we evaluated the relationship between bone quantitative
      histomorphometry and bone A1 content in 25 dialysis patients with clinical
      features of secondary hyperparathyroidism. By means of bone biopsy, patients were
      classified as showing predominant hyperparathyroidism in 17 cases and mixed
      lesions in 8. The A1 burden was low, judging from the dialysate A1 and the oral
      A1 assumption. Bone A1 content and serum A1 levels were higher than normal in
      both groups, particularly so in the patients with predominant
      hyperparathyroidism. Significant positive correlations were found between bone
      indexes of hyperparathyroidism and bone A1 content. Moreover, bone and serum A1
      concentrations were directly related. Aluminium staining appeared faintly
      positive only in a minority of bone samples, and was mainly localized at the
      neutral bone surfaces. We conclude that in dialysis osteodystrophies with
      features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and in a clinical setting characterized
      by low-grade A1 burden, PTH may favour A1 accumulation into the bone.

PMID- 3380069
TI  - Effect of parathyroid and antidiuretic hormone on water and calcium permeability
      in the rat collecting duct.
AB  - Because the rat papilla has parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive adenylate cyclase
      and because of indirect evidence that PTH may alter collecting duct water and
      also calcium transport, the effects of PTH on rat papillary collecting duct water
      and calcium transport have been studied. PTH in concentrations of 50 and 500
      ng/ml significantly increased diffusional water permeability by 20 and 38%,
      respectively, while 5,000 ng/ml had no additional effect. This permeability
      response was small when compared to a 78% increase in water permeability with a
      maximal (0.5 ng/ml) concentration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The normal
      increase in water permeability with ADH was depressed in the presence of PTH (500
      ng/ml) but was overcome when the ADH concentration was increased from 0.5 to 5
      ng/ml. Neither PTH nor ADH altered the permeability of the collecting duct to
      calcium which was low (0.19 +/- 0.03 micron/s). Increasing either the bath or
      perfusate calcium concentration from 1 to 5 mM did not alter calcium
      permeability. These studies suggest that PTH acts as a partial agonist to ADH
      within the papillary collecting duct and that PTH is unlikely to have a major
      role in collecting duct calcium transport.

PMID- 3380070
TI  - Lithium intoxication: clinical course and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - Lithium therapy has various neurologic cardiovascular, and renal side effects.
      Lithium intoxication with a serum lithium level of greater than or equal to 3.5
      mEq/l is considered potentially lethal and hemodialysis therapy is recommended.
      We reviewed the clinical course and therapy of 55 patients with lithium toxicity
      seen during a 6-year period. Forty-two patients had acute lithium intoxication
      following the ingestion of an overdose. In 13 patients, toxicity developed during
      maintenance therapy with the drug. The patients with acute intoxication had
      significantly milder symptoms than those with chronic intoxication. Ten patients
      with acute intoxication had a serum lithium concentration of 3.5 mEq/l or higher.
      None of these 10 patients had severe neurologic or cardiovascular symptoms. Five
      patients were treated with hemodialysis and 5 patients were not. Serum lithium
      concentration did not differ between the two groups (4.7 +/- 0.7 and 5.7 +/- 1.0
      mEq/l, respectively). No patient in either group died or suffered permanent
      sequelae of lithium toxicity. In conclusion, patients with acute lithium toxicity
      frequently have mild symptoms, despite potentially lethal levels and may not
      require hemodialysis therapy. On the other hand, patients who develop toxicity
      while receiving chronic maintenance therapy are more likely to have severe
      symptoms. Patients with severe symptoms and serum lithium levels above the
      therapeutic range should be treated with hemodialysis.

PMID- 3380071
TI  - Alphacalcidol and renal function in normal subjects.
AB  - Sixteen young healthy adults were treated for 3 weeks with alphacalcidol (1 alpha
      OHD3), 1 microgram orally per day, and renal function tests were performed
      before, at the end and 3 weeks after termination of the drug. No significant
      changes occurred in the serum concentrations of calcium or phosphate, whereas the
      serum calcium-phosphorus product and the urinary excretion of calcium increased
      significantly. Serum creatinine and the urinary excretion of creatinine showed no
      significant changes. Inulin clearance decreased by 4% (p = 0.11). The total
      plasma clearance rate of 51Cr-EDTA and the 24-hour endogenous creatinine
      clearance both decreased by 4% during the treatment (p less than 0.05). It is
      concluded that treatment of normal subjects with 1 alpha OHD3, in a modest dose
      causing no significant change in serum calcium, is associated with a small but
      reversible decrease in renal function.

PMID- 3380072
TI  - Life-threatening hypokalemia in hospitalized patients.
AB  - Severe life-threatening hypokalemia (serum potassium less than or equal to 2.5
      mmol/l) was found in 0.03% of serum biochemical profiles within 13 years in a
      major university hospital in Israel. Out of 130 patients with hypokalemia of this
      magnitude, 84 (65%) were females and the mean age was 64 years. A combination of
      iatrogenic factors, including the administration of intravenous fluids with
      insufficient or no potassium (K) replacement and the use of K-depleting
      medications and insulin, was responsible for the hypokalemia in 68% of the
      patients. Gastrointestinal loss of K was the main cause of severe hypokalemia in
      22% of the patients. It is concluded that severe hypokalemia in hospitalized
      patients is commonly the result of multiple iatrogenic factors and, therefore,
      can be prevented by frequent monitoring of serum K and appropriate K
      supplementation.

PMID- 3380073
TI  - Endocrinology of neuropsychiatric disorders.

PMID- 3380074
TI  - Neuroendocrine aspects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
AB  - This article summarizes the existing neuroendocrine literature and reports the
      growth hormone response to stimulation with L-dopa and clonidine in male children
      and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Because growth
      hormone secretion is regulated by monoamine neurotransmitters, hyposecretion of
      growth hormone may reflect generalized changes in the neurochemical substrate of
      this disorder. With refinement, these neuroendocrine challenge tests may become
      unique biologic markers in identifying attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
      in children and adolescents.

PMID- 3380075
TI  - 125I-BW-A844U, an antagonist radioligand with high affinity and selectivity for
      adenosine A1 receptors, and 125I-azido-BW-A844U, a photoaffinity label.
AB  - 3-(4-Amino)phenethyl-1-propyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (BW-A844U) has been
      synthesized and shown to bind with high affinity to adenosine A1 receptors of
      bovine brain membranes (KD = 0.23 nM). This compound is highly selective for A1
      receptors; the KI for binding to A2 receptors of human platelet membranes is 2.0
      microM (A2/A1 ratio = 8700). Radioiodination of the 3-aminophenethyl group
      resulted in 125I-BW-A844U, a radioligand that retains high affinity for A1
      receptors in bovine brain membranes (KD = 0.14 nM) and to 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)
      dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate-solubilized receptors (KD = 0.34 nM).
      Specific binding of 125I-BW-A844U represented greater than 90% of the total
      binding at the KD. From the association constant (K1 = 5.0 X 10(8) M-1min-1) and
      the dissociation constant (K-1 = 0.064 min-1), the kinetic KD (K-1/K1) in
      membranes was calculated to be 0.13 nM. NaCl (1 M) had little effect on the
      binding affinity of 125I-BW-A844U, in contrast to the large effect of salt on the
      binding affinity of acidic antagonist radioligands. 8-Sulfophenyltheophylline
      inhibited radioligand binding with a Hill coefficient of 1.0, indicative of a
      single affinity binding state for the antagonist. By comparison, two distinct
      agonist affinity states of A1 receptors for the agonist (R)
      phenylisopropyladenosine could be resolved, a high affinity state (62%, KH = 74
      pM) and a low affinity state (KL = 3.83 nM). The addition of 0.1 mM
      guanylylimidodiphosphate converted all receptors to the low affinity state.
      Addition of NaCl (0.5 M) decreased the fraction of receptors in the high affinity
      state and increased both KH and KL, suggesting that NaCl alters coupling of
      receptors to G proteins and influences the conformation of the receptor
      polypeptide, whether or not the receptor is coupled to a G protein. Conversion of
      the arylamine on the 3-position of 125I-BW-A844U to an aryl azide resulted in a
      photoaffinity label, 125I-azido-BW-A844U. Upon photoactivation, the photoaffinity
      label was specifically photoincorporated into the 34,000-dalton polypeptide of
      the adenosine A1 receptor.

PMID- 3380076
TI  - ML-9 inhibits the vascular contraction via the inhibition of myosin light chain
      phosphorylation.
AB  - We investigated the effects of a newly synthesized compound, 1-(5
      chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine (ML-9), a myosin light
      chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor of superprecipitation of actomyosin, isometric
      tension development, and phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da myosin light chain
      (LC20) in vascular smooth muscle. Superprecipitation of actomyosin from bovine
      aorta was inhibited by the addition of ML-9 in a dose-dependent manner. In
      chemically skinned smooth muscles of the rabbit mesenteric artery, ML-9 inhibited
      the Ca2+-independent contraction provoked by application of trypsin-treated MLCK.
      In the intact rabbit mesenteric artery, increases in LC20 phosphorylation reached
      a maximal value of 0.49 mol of Pi/mol of LC20 within 10 sec from a resting value
      of 0.15 mol of Pi/mol of LC20 and then declined to near the basal level during
      the maintained isometric force developed in response to 50 mM KCl. Preincubation
      with 10-30 microM ML-9 for 30 min significantly inhibited both the maximal rate
      and extent of KCl-induced contraction and the phosphorylation of LC20, in a dose
      dependent manner. There was a linear relationship between the initial rate of
      tension development and the extent of LC20 phosphorylation at 10 sec after
      stimulation. ML-9 nonspecifically antagonized the contraction induced by various
      contractile agonists, such as CaCl2, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and
      angiotensin II. ML-9 dose dependently produced a shift to the right and down, in
      the dose-response curves, to all the agonists tested. These results suggest that
      ML-9 inhibits the actin-myosin interaction through the modulation of LC20
      phosphorylation via the inhibition of MLCK activity. Thus, ML-9 may be a useful
      compound for investigating the physiologic role of myosin light chain
      phosphorylation by MLCK in living cells and tissues as well as in vitro.

PMID- 3380077
TI  - Low concentration of reserpine accelerates actin polymerization via interaction
      with G-actin.
AB  - The effect of reserpine on actin polymerization was examined by measurement of
      the changes in high shear viscosity and by electron microscopic observation of
      the actin solution. In the presence of low concentrations of reserpine, the time
      course of actin polymerization was accelerated dose dependently (up to
      approximately 0.5 nM), without affecting the final level of viscosity. The effect
      of reserpine rather decreased with dosages over this concentration. The binding
      of reserpine to actin was tested by developing the mixture of G- or F-actin and
      [3H]reserpine through a Sephadex G-50 column. A portion of the reserpine coeluted
      with G-actin, but little reserpine did with F-actin. This means that reserpine
      bound to G-actin but scarcely to F-actin. The binding of reserpine to G-actin was
      also confirmed using the method of photoaffinity labeling. After the irradiation
      of the mixed G-actin and [3H]reserpine by ultraviolet light, they were subjected
      to SDS-PAGE followed by fluorography. It was demonstrated that reserpine was
      bound to G-actin covalently by the ultraviolet light irradiation. This indicated
      the close interaction of reserpine with G-actin. Thus, the effect of reserpine on
      actin polymerization seemed to be exerted via interaction with G-actin.

PMID- 3380078
TI  - Characterization of muscarinic receptors in guinea pig ileum longitudinal smooth
      muscle.
AB  - Heterogeneity in the muscarinic receptor population of guinea pig ileum
      longitudinal smooth muscle was found in competition binding experiments against N
      methyl[3H]scopolamine using either a cardioselective (AF-DX 116) or a smooth
      muscle-selective (hexahydrosiladifenidol) antimuscarinic compound. AF-DX 116
      recognized 65% of the total receptors with high affinity and 35% with low
      affinity. Hexahydrosiladifenidol distinguished 24% of the total receptors with
      high affinity and 76% with low affinity. The two affinity binding constants
      displayed in smooth muscle by the compounds were similar to those of heart and
      glands, suggesting that the muscarinic receptor population in the smooth muscle
      is formed of about 30% glandular type and 70% cardiac type of the M2 receptors.
      In dissociation experiments, the rate of breakdown of the N-methyl[3H]scopolamine
      receptor complex in the smooth muscle was rapid and similar to the dissociation
      of N-methyl[3H]scopolamine from muscarinic receptors in cardiac membranes,
      supporting the evidence for the presence of a large fraction of the cardiac
      receptor type in smooth muscle. To further characterize the population of the
      smooth muscle receptors recognized as glandular type, we performed protection
      experiments with hexahydrosiladifenidol, which binds to glandular M3 receptors
      with high affinity. Smooth muscle membranes were initially incubated with this
      compound and then phenoxybenzamine was added to irreversibly alkylate the
      remaining unprotected receptors. Data from competition and dissociation binding
      experiments showed that, under these conditions, this protected fraction of the
      total receptor population in ileum smooth muscle had all the characteristics of
      the glandular type, i.e., slow N-methyl[3H]scopolamine dissociation and affinity
      constants for a series of selective and nonselective muscarinic antagonists in
      the same order of magnitude as those found in the glandular tissue. These
      findings, together with the known observation that hexahydrosiladifenidol is more
      potent in inhibiting the functional activation of muscarinic receptors in smooth
      muscle relative to heart, lead to the hypothesis that smooth muscle contractility
      is mediated by a muscarinic receptor subtype similar to that found in glandular
      tissue.

PMID- 3380079
TI  - Noncompetitive inhibitors reach their binding site in the acetylcholine receptor
      by two different paths.
AB  - Electron spin resonance was used to contrast the accessibility of tertiary and
      quaternary local anesthetics to their high affinity binding site in the
      desensitized acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The time dependence of agonist
      addition on the association of spin-labeled local anesthetics with the nicotinic
      AChR-enriched membranes from Torpedo californica was studied. Preincubation of
      AChR-enriched membranes with agonist for more than a few minutes before the
      addition of C6SLMel, a quaternary amine local anesthetic, resulted in substantial
      reduction in the initial association of the label with the receptor. The time
      dependent reduction in the initial association of the label with the receptor is
      modeled by an exponential function having a rate constant of approximately 0.2
      min-1. In contrast, agonist preincubation did not produce a comparable decrease
      in the association of C6SL, a tertiary amine analog, with the AChR. These
      findings show that whereas the affinity of either anesthetic for the AChR is
      dependent on the presence of agonist, for C6SLMel the timing of agonist addition
      is an important factor in determining the rate of anesthetic association with the
      receptor. Our results are concerned with the desensitized receptor at an early
      phase, when the average open-channel time limits the anesthetic binding to the
      receptor. We interpret our results by a model in which the cationic local
      anesthetic reaches its high affinity binding site in the receptor by an aqueous
      path that is accessible only when the channel is open. On the other hand,
      anesthetic in its uncharged form is not restricted only to the aqueous path of
      access. An additional path, probably through the lipid bilayer, allows uncharged
      forms of anesthetics to reach the high affinity binding site in the AChR even
      when the aqueous path is closed. During the "open state" of the receptor both
      cationic and uncharged anesthetics have access to the high affinity site through
      the aqueous path. However, after this open state, the channel opens only
      intermittently. The rapidly decreasing open time results in the time-dependent
      reduction in the binding of cationic anesthetics. This model is consistent with
      the open channel hypothesis of anesthetic binding to the AChR immediately after
      agonist stimulation; however, our model also includes an additional hydrophobic
      path of access for uncharged and reversibly charged anesthetics.

PMID- 3380080
TI  - Antidepressant binding to the porcine and human platelet serotonin transporters.
AB  - The ability of four antidepressant drugs, imipramine, alaproclate, norzimelidine,
      and fluvoxamine, to inhibit serotonin transport into platelet plasma membrane
      vesicles was tested over a range of external Na+ concentrations. Imipramine
      affinity, as we previously reported [J. Biol. Chem. 258:6115-6119 (1983)]
      increases sigmoidally with Na+. When measured by inhibition of serotonin
      transport, the affinity for alaproclate and norzimelidine is much less sensitive
      to Na+ and fluvoxamine actually inhibits more avidly at lower Na+. All of the
      drugs competitively inhibit serotonin transport. Moreover, alaproclate,
      norzimelidine, and fluvoxamine all competitively displace [3H]imipramine from
      platelet plasma membranes. The Ki for fluvoxamine inhibition of transport is 16
      fold higher than its Ki for inhibition of imipramine binding. In contrast,
      alaproclate inhibits transport at concentrations lower than those required to
      block imipramine binding. In the case of fluvoxamine, and possibly also
      alaproclate, these differences are not due to separate sites mediating substrate
      and imipramine binding but rather to differences in the nature of binding and
      transport measurements. The results suggest that these antidepressant drugs and
      serotonin all bind to the same site, or to overlapping sites on the serotonin
      transporter, or to sites on the transporter whose occupation is mutually
      exclusive with substrate site occupation. The observation that binding of each
      ligand reacts differently to changes in Na+ suggests that distinct subsites are
      involved in each case. As reported previously by Wennogle and Myerson [Eur. J.
      Pharmacol. 86:303-307 (1983)] serotonin decreases the rate of imipramine
      dissociation from human platelet membranes. This effect is not observed in
      porcine platelets, is not Na+ dependent, and requires serotonin concentrations
      over 100 times the Km for transport. It is likely, therefore, to result from
      serotonin binding to a site distinct from the transport active site.

PMID- 3380081
TI  - Ketanserin binds to the monoamine transporter of chromaffin granules and of
      synaptic vesicles.
AB  - [3H]Ketanserin binding studies were performed on purified chromaffin granule
      membranes. Binding was found to occur on one class of sites and was temperature
      dependent. At 30 degrees the equilibrium dissociation constant KD was 45 nM. At 0
      degrees, a KD value of 6 nM and a half-life of dissociation of 40 sec were
      measured. Methysergide, an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptors
      structurally unrelated to ketanserin, did not displace ketanserin binding.
      Tetrabenazine, an inhibitor of the monoamine transporter of chromaffin granules,
      displaced [3H]ketanserin binding. Conversely, ketanserin inhibited the binding of
      [3H] dihydrotetrabenazine, a ligand that specifically binds to the monoamine
      transporter. The inhibition was of the competitive type, indicating that both
      drugs bind to the same site. Ketanserin binding did not depend upon ATP-induced
      energization of chromaffin granules. ATP-dependent 5-HT uptake by chromaffin
      granule ghosts was inhibited by ketanserin with an IC50 value of 70 nM. A series
      of ketanserin derivatives were tested for their ability to displace
      [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine; EC50 values differed by more than 2 orders of magnitude
      and were not correlated to affinities on 5-HT2 receptors. In mouse brain,
      [3H]ketanserin was found to bind to methysergide-sensitive and to tetrabenazine
      sensitive sites. In the striatum, tetrabenazine-sensitive sites represented a
      larger fraction than the methysergide-sensitive ones, whereas the reverse was
      true in the frontal cortex. It is concluded that nonspecific displaceable binding
      sites of [3H]ketanserin previously described in the striatum are tetrabenazine
      binding sites associated with the synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter.

PMID- 3380082
TI  - Dopamine release and metabolism after chronic delivery of selective or
      nonselective dopamine autoreceptor agonists.
AB  - The metabolism and release of dopamine by rat mesostriatal and mesolimbic
      dopamine neurons were determined after 2 or 14 days of subcutaneous
      administration via Alzet minipumps of a selective (CGS 15855A) or nonselective
      (apomorphine) dopamine autoreceptor agonist. Bioassays and high performance
      liquid chromatography assays showed that each drug was accurately delivered for
      the 2- and 14-day periods. CGS 15855A levels in the plasma and brain increased
      with increases in the daily dose given, although plasma levels of CGS 15855A at
      14 days were less than those at 2 days for each dose. Striatal dopamine
      metabolism and release, assessed with dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3
      methoxytyramine concentrations, respectively, were suppressed by 2-day treatments
      of 50-200 micrograms/day CGS 15855A or 250 micrograms/day apomorphine. These
      suppressions were potentiated by acute challenge with 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally
      of CGS 15855A or 2 mg/kg subcutaneously of apomorphine. In contrast, dopamine
      metabolism and release were unchanged after 14 days of administration of 40-400
      micrograms/day of CGS 15855A or 250 micrograms/day of apomorphine, even when
      plasma levels of drug were as high as at 2 days. Dopamine release was decreased
      in only one of six groups 30 min after an additional acute injection of the
      agonist given for 14 days, whereas dopamine metabolism was decreased in five of
      six groups. Striatal dopamine levels were increased 20-57% after 14 but not 2
      days of cgs 15855A followed by acute challenge with the vehicle or CGS 15855A
      injections. Thus, the responsiveness of dopamine neurons to the release
      suppressing properties of dopamine autoreceptor agonists is mostly attenuated
      between 2 and 14 days of treatment. The ability of chronic CGS 15855A treatments
      to increase dopamine levels and, with acute CGS 15855A, to decrease DOPAC levels,
      indicates that autoreceptor control of dopamine metabolism is partly retained
      after chronic autoreceptor agonism.

PMID- 3380084
TI  - Stereoselectivity in the N'-oxidation of nicotine isomers by flavin-containing
      monooxygenase.
AB  - N'-Oxidation of nicotine isomers by porcine liver flavin-containing monooxygenase
      shows a clear stereoselectivity in the formation of the diastereomeric N'-oxides.
      (S)-(-)-Nicotine exhibited no stereoselectivity in the formation of cis-1'R,2'S-
      and trans-1'S,2'S-products, whereas with (R)-(+)-nicotine, only the trans-1'R,2'R
      N'-oxide was formed. The concentration of each isomer required for half maximal
      activity differs significantly, and access of (S)-(-)-nicotine to the active site
      appears to be more restricted than for (R)-(+)-nicotine as judged from the
      observed Km values (Km = 181 and 70 microM, respectively, for the (S)-(-)- and
      (R)-(+)-isomers). These results indicate that a region adjacent to the active
      site may sterically prohibit binding of (R)-(+)-nicotine when the N'-methyl and
      pyridyl groups are in a cis-orientation. N-Methylnicotinium ion (both R- and S
      isomers) is not a substrate for either porcine flavin monooxygenase, guinea pig
      liver microsomes, or ram seminal vesicular microsomes.

PMID- 3380083
TI  - Demonstration of a [K+,Cl-]-cotransport system in human red cells by its
      sensitivity to [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acids: regulation of cell swelling
      and distinction from the bumetanide-sensitive [Na+,K+,Cl-]-cotransport system.
AB  - A screening of several families of compounds on NEM-stimulated K+ efflux in human
      red cells allowed us to select a [(dihydroindenyl)oxy] alkanoic acid (DIOA) as
      the first potent inhibitor of this K+ flux (IC50 of 10(-5) M) without side
      effects on the bumetanide-sensitive [Na+,K+,Cl-]-cotransport system. Incubation
      of human red cells in hypotonic media (179 mosm) increased cell volume (by 18
      20%) and provoked the appearance of a DIOA-sensitive K+ efflux of 4.48 +/- 0.83
      mmol.(liter of cells X hr)-1 (mean +/- SD of nine experiments). This DIOA
      sensitive K+ efflux exhibited a Michaelian-like dependence on the Cl-
      concentration of the incubation media (freely equilibrated with intracellular Cl
      ) with an apparent dissociation constant of 39.6 +/- 14.7 mM and a maximal rate
      of 4.7 +/- 0.9 mmol.(liter of cells X hr)-1 (mean +/- SD of five experiments).
      The chloride effect was mediated by intracellular and not by extracellular Cl-,
      as expected for an outward [K+,Cl-]-cotransport. The above properties of DIOA
      sensitive K+ efflux clearly confirm that human red cells have a [K+,Cl-]
      cotransport system that regulates cell swelling. The regulatory response to
      hypotonic media was also strongly depressed by cytochalasin B at a concentration
      of 1 mM, suggesting that the activating signal is probably transduced by the
      cytoskeleton.

PMID- 3380085
TI  - Partial characterization of specific cantharidin binding sites in mouse tissues.
AB  - The mode of action of cantharidin, the natural vesicant of blister beetles, is
      examined by radioligand binding studies with mouse tissues. [3H]Cantharidin
      undergoes specific and saturable binding with the liver cytosol, which is
      characterized as follows: Kd and Bmax values of 30 nM and 1.8 pmol/mg of protein,
      respectively; linearity with respect to protein concentration; pH optimum of 6.5
      to 7.5; association and dissociation half-times of 20 min and 12 hr,
      respectively; and 50% inhibition by Mg2+ at 70 microM, Ca2+ at 224 microM,
      pyrophosphate at 27 microM, and nucleotide triphosphates at 52-81 microM. The
      binding site undergoes a loss of activity at 45 degrees or higher. The
      toxicological relevance of this specific [3H]cantharidin binding site of mouse
      liver cytosol is established in three ways. First, the potency of 15 active
      cantharidin analogs for inhibiting [3H]cantharidin binding is correlated with
      their acute toxicity to mice (r = 0.829). Second, 26 related compounds that are
      inactive in inhibiting [3H]cantharidin binding are also of little or no toxicity
      to mice. Finally, the binding of [3H] cantharidin to liver cytosol from mice
      poisoned with increasing amounts of unlabeled cantharidin is inhibited in a dose
      dependent manner. [3H]Cantharidin also specifically binds to cytosol fractions of
      blood, brain, heart, kidney, lung, pancreas, skin, spleen, and stomach. The
      characteristics of the specific binding site in brain are very similar to those
      determined in liver with respect to Kd, Bmax, association/dissociation kinetics,
      and sensitivity to inhibitors. It therefore appears that the toxicity of
      cantharidin and related oxabicycloheptanes, including the herbicide endothal, is
      attributable to binding at a specific site in liver and possibly other tissues.

PMID- 3380086
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation in
      dexamethasone-resistant and hypersensitive rat hepatoma cell variants.
AB  - Exposure of the Fu5 rat hepatoma cell line to glucocorticoids, such as
      dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, suppressed the growth rate and final density of
      cells grown in the presence of serum. This hormonal effect was proportional to
      receptor occupancy and affinity and, in addition, the glucocorticoid antagonist
      RU38486 prevented this response. Two classes of dexamethasone-resistant variants
      that failed to be growth inhibited were recovered from ethyl methylsulfonate
      mutagenized populations by continuous culture in the presence of 1 microM
      dexamethasone. The first class, represented by the EDR3 subclone, was completely
      glucocorticoid unresponsive and failed to express receptor transcripts. The
      second class, represented by the EDR1, EDR5, and EDR7 subclones, possessed
      significant levels of glucocorticoid receptor but were only partially
      glucocorticoid responsive when stimulated with saturating levels of hormone.
      Introduction of functional glucocorticoid receptor genes into both classes of
      dexamethasone-resistant variants by a recombinant retrovirus expression vector
      restored glucocorticoid responsiveness and suppression of cell growth. A
      hypersensitive variant (BDS1), recovered by bromodeoxyuridine selection, was
      fully glucocorticoid responsive, and its inhibition of proliferation was more
      acutely regulated by dexamethasone. Taken together, our results established that
      the inhibition of proliferation in Fu5 rat hepatoma cells represents a new
      glucocorticoid response that requires the expression of a functional
      glucocorticoid receptor.

PMID- 3380087
TI  - Structural and functional characterization of mouse U7 small nuclear RNA active
      in 3' processing of histone pre-mRNA.
AB  - Oligonucleotides derived from the spacer element of the histone RNA 3' processing
      signal were used to characterize mouse U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), i.e., the
      snRNA component active in 3' processing of histone pre-mRNA. Under RNase H
      conditions, such oligonucleotides inhibited the processing reaction, indicating
      the formation of a DNA-RNA hybrid with a functional ribonucleoprotein component.
      Moreover, these oligonucleotides hybridized to a single nuclear RNA species of
      approximately 65 nucleotides. The sequence of this RNA was determined by primer
      extension experiments and was found to bear several structural similarities with
      sea urchin U7 snRNA. The comparison of mouse and sea urchin U7 snRNA structures
      yields some further insight into the mechanism of histone RNA 3' processing.

PMID- 3380088
TI  - Genomic footprinting detects factors bound to major late and IVa2 promoters in
      adenovirus-infected HeLa cells.
AB  - We used DNase I footprinting assays on nuclei isolated from adenovirus-infected
      cells to examine the nucleoprotein configuration of a 250-base-pair segment which
      encompasses the adenovirus type 5 major late (ML) and IVa2 promoters. At 12 and
      20 h postinfection (p.i.), fine DNase I digestion mapping of wild-type adenovirus
      infected cells revealed specific sequences protected from digestion which
      corresponded to promoter elements required for expression of the ML gene in vivo.
      At 12 h p.i., a G+C-rich region which lies upstream of the IVa2 cap site and is
      important for maximal IVa2 activity was also found masked to nuclease activity.
      At 20 h p.i., however, this element became more sensitive to nuclease attack,
      while the ML promoter elements stayed protected. No major changes in DNA-protein
      interactions were detected in the region spanning the ML and IVa2 cap sites upon
      promoter activation, suggesting that the binding properties of the cognate
      factors for this region are not modified during the process.

PMID- 3380089
TI  - Role of the promoter in the regulation of the thymidine kinase gene.
AB  - To identify the regulatory elements of the human thymidine kinase (TK) gene, we
      have established stable cell lines carrying different chimeric constructs of the
      TK gene. Our results can be summarized as follows. (i) When the TK coding
      sequence is under the control of the calcyclin promoter (a promoter that is
      activated when G0 cells are stimulated by growth factors), TK mRNA levels are
      higher in G1-arrested cells than in proliferating cells; (ii) when the TK coding
      sequence is under the control of the promoter of heat shock protein HSP70, steady
      state levels of TK mRNA are highest after heat shock, regardless of the position
      of the cells in the cell cycle; (iii) the bacterial CAT gene under the control of
      the human TK promoter is maximally expressed in the S phase; (iv) the TK cDNA
      driven by the simian virus 40 promoter is also maximally expressed in the S
      phase; and (v) TK enzyme activity is always at a maximum in the S phase, even
      when the levels of TK mRNA are highest in nonproliferating cells. We conclude
      that although the TK coding sequence may also play some role, the TK promoter has
      an important role in the cell cycle regulation of TK mRNA levels.

PMID- 3380090
TI  - RAP30/74: a general initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II.
AB  - We have previously shown by affinity chromatography that RAP30 and RAP74 are the
      mammalian proteins that have the highest affinity for RNA polymerase II. Here we
      show that RAP30 binds to RAP74 and that the RAP30-RAP74 complex (RAP30/74) is
      required for accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II. RAP30/74 is required for
      accurate transcription from the following promoters: the adenovirus major late
      promoter, the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus, P2 of the
      human c-myc gene, the mouse beta maj-globin promoter (all of which have TATA
      boxes), and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter (which lacks a TATA box).
      RAP30/74 is not required for initiation by RNA polymerase III at the adenovirus
      virus-associated RNA promoters. Therefore, RAP30/74 is a general initiation
      factor that binds to RNA polymerase II.

PMID- 3380091
TI  - Opposite replication polarities of transcribed and nontranscribed histone H5
      genes.
AB  - We used an in vitro nuclear runoff replication assay to analyze the direction of
      replication of the active and inactive histone H5 genes in avian cells. In
      embryonic erythrocytes the transcribed histone H5 gene displayed sensitivity to
      endogenous nuclease cleavage. In contrast, this gene was insensitive to
      endogenous nuclease digestion under the same conditions in nuclei of the
      lymphoblastoid cell line MSB-1, and histone H5 gene transcripts were not
      detectable by dot-blot analysis of MSB-1 cell RNA. When nuclei were isolated from
      embryonic erythrocytes and incubated with bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate, runoff
      replication from endogenous nuclease cleavage sites led to a relative enrichment
      for fragments near the 3' end of the histone H5 gene in the density-labeled DNA.
      In nuclei of MSB-1 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts, however, runoff
      replication from restriction enzyme-cut sites (or induced endogenous nuclease-cut
      sites in MSB-1 nuclei) led to a relative enrichment for fragments near the 5' end
      of the H5 gene in dense DNA. Based on the enhanced incorporation of
      bromodeoxyuridine into origin-distal regions of DNA during the in vitro runoff
      replication assay, we conclude that the active histone H5 gene in embryonic
      erythrocytes is preferentially replicated in the transcriptional direction from
      an origin in the 5'-flanking DNA, whereas its inactive counterparts in MSB-1
      cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts are preferentially replicated in the
      opposite direction.

PMID- 3380092
TI  - Transformation of Tetrahymena thermophila with hypermethylated rRNA genes.
AB  - The extrachromosomal rRNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila contain 0.4% N6
      methyladenine. C3 strain rDNA was isolated, hypermethylated in vitro, and
      microinjected into B strain host cells. Clonal cell lines were established, and
      transformants were selected on the basis of resistance to paromomycin, conferred
      by the injected rDNA. The effects of methylation by three enzymes which methylate
      the sequence 5'-NAT-3', the dam, EcoRI, and ClaI methylases, were tested.
      Hypermethylation of the injected rDNA had no effect on transformation efficiency
      relative to mock-methylated controls. The injected C3 strain rDNA efficiently
      replaced host rDNA as the major constituent of the population of rDNA molecules.
      Hypermethylation of the injected DNA was not maintained through 20 to 25 cell
      generations.

PMID- 3380093
TI  - Regulation of c-myb expression in human neuroblastoma cells during retinoic acid
      induced differentiation.
AB  - We detected expression of the c-myb proto-oncogene, which was initially thought
      to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner in cells of hematopoietic lineage, in
      human tissues of neuronal origin. Since the level of c-myb expression declined
      during fetal development, we studied the regulation of its expression in human
      neuroblastoma cell lines induced to differentiate by retinoic acid. The
      expression of c-myb declined during the maturation of neuroblastoma cells, and
      this change was mediated by a decrease in c-myb transcription.

PMID- 3380095
TI  - Transport to the cell surface of a peptide sequence attached to the truncated C
      terminus of an N-terminally anchored integral membrane protein.
AB  - Attempts to construct hybrid proteins that are transported to the plasma membrane
      are frequently unsuccessful because of perturbations in polypeptide folding. In
      seeking to minimize this problem, we have used the less common type of integral
      membrane protein, which has an uncleaved signal-anchor domain and an
      extracellular carboxyl portion, to transport a peptide sequence of interest to
      the cell surface. A set of plasmids was constructed that contained the gene
      encoding respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G (RSVG) interrupted
      immediately after one of several proline codons by a synthetic sequence
      containing unique restriction endonuclease sites and a stop codon. The shortened
      RSVG gene was flanked by vaccinia virus DNA to permit cloning and expression in a
      vaccinia virus vector. An open reading frame encoding four copies of the
      immunodominant repeating epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium
      falciparum was inserted into the tails of the truncated RSVG genes. Recombinant
      vaccinia viruses were isolated and shown to express hybrid proteins that reacted
      with a monoclonal antibody directed to the repeating circumsporozoite epitope.
      Moreover, immunofluorescence studies indicated that the peptide was on the
      external cell surface and available to react with antibodies. Expression of the
      hybrid protein also occurred in rabbits inoculated with the live recombinant
      vaccinia virus, as demonstrated by the generation of antibodies that bound to P.
      falciparum sporozoites in vitro.

PMID- 3380096
TI  - Haploid-specific transcription of protamine-myc and protamine-T-antigen fusion
      genes in transgenic mice.
AB  - The protamines are small, basic, arginine-rich proteins synthesized
      postmeiotically in the testes. Analysis of the regulation of synthesis of the
      protamine mRNA and protein is restricted by the difficulty in culturing and
      manipulating the cells in which transcription and translation occur. To avoid
      these problems, we have produced transgenic mice carrying fusion genes in which
      sequences 5' to the mouse protamine-2 gene have been linked to exons 2 and 3 of
      the mouse c-myc gene and, separately, to the simian virus 40 (SV40) early region.
      We show here that the prot.myc gene is correctly regulated; transcription is
      detected only in the round spermatids. In one family of transgenic mice carrying
      the 5' protamine-SV40 T-antigen fusion gene, SV40 early-region mRNA accumulated
      to the highest level in the testes but was also detected in the thymuses, brains,
      hearts, and preputial glands of the animals. Although we have demonstrated
      specific transcription of these fusion genes in the round spermatids, we were not
      able to detect the SV40 T-antigen protein.

PMID- 3380094
TI  - Poly(A) shortening and degradation of the 3' A+U-rich sequences of human c-myc
      mRNA in a cell-free system.
AB  - The early steps in the degradation of human c-myc mRNA were investigated, using a
      previously described cell-free mRNA decay system. The first detectable step was
      poly(A) shortening, which generated a pool of oligoadenylated mRNA molecules. In
      contrast, the poly(A) of a stable mRNA, gamma globin, was not excised, even after
      prolonged incubation. The second step, degradation of oligoadenylated c-myc mRNA,
      generated decay products whose 3' termini were located within the A+U-rich
      portion of the 3' untranslated region. These products disappeared soon after they
      were formed, consistent with rapid degradation of the 3' region. In contrast, the
      5' region, corresponding approximately to c-myc exon 1, was stable in vitro. The
      data indicate a sequential degradation pathway in which 3' region cleavages occur
      only after most or all of the poly(A) is removed. To account for rapid
      deadenylation, we suggest that the c-myc poly(A)-poly(A)-binding protein complex
      is readily dissociated, generating a protein-depleted poly(A) tract that is no
      longer resistant to nucleases.

PMID- 3380097
TI  - Modulation of microfilament protein composition by transfected cytoskeletal actin
      genes.
AB  - HuT-14T is a highly tumorigenic fibroblast cell line which exhibits a reduced
      steady-state level of beta-actin due to coding mutations in one of two beta-actin
      alleles. The normal rate of total actin synthesis could be restored in some
      clones of cells following transfection of the functional beta-actin gene but not
      following transfection of the functional gamma-actin gene. In gamma-actin gene
      transfected substrains that have increased rates of gamma-actin synthesis, beta
      actin synthesis is further reduced in a manner consistent with an autoregulatory
      mechanism, resulting in abnormal ratios of actin isoforms. Thus, both beta- and
      gamma-actin proteins can apparently regulate the synthesis of their coexpressed
      isoforms. In addition, decreased synthesis of normal beta-actin seems to
      correlate with a concomitant down-regulation of tropomyosin isoforms.

PMID- 3380098
TI  - DNA-binding site for two skeletal actin promoter factors is important for
      expression in muscle cells.
AB  - Two nuclear factors bind to the same site in the chicken skeletal actin promoter.
      Mutations in the footprint sequence which eliminate detectable binding decrease
      expression in transfected skeletal muscle cells by a factor of 25 to 50 and do
      not elevate the low expression in nonmuscle cells. These results show that the
      factor-binding site contributes to the activation of expression in muscle cells
      and that it alone does not contribute significantly to repress expression in
      nonmuscle cells.

PMID- 3380099
TI  - Amplification of the structurally and functionally altered epidermal growth
      factor receptor gene (c-erbB) in human brain tumors.
AB  - By using Southern blot analysis, we found that in two cases of human glioblastoma
      multiforme, cells carried amplified c-erbB genes which bore short deletion
      mutations within the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)
      receptor. The products of these mutated c-erbB genes were about 30 kilodalton
      (kDa) smaller than the normal 170-kDa EGF receptor, and the tumor cell membrane
      fractions containing the 140-kDa abnormal EGF receptor showed a significant
      elevation of tyrosine kinase activity without its ligand. In view of the
      similarity to the activated viral and cellular erbB genes in the avian system,
      these mutated and overexpressed EGF receptors might play a role in the onset or
      development of human glioblastoma cells.

PMID- 3380100
TI  - Retinoic acid increases the sensitivity of the rat embryo fibroblast
      transformation assay.
AB  - The rat embryo fibroblast focus assay is used to evaluate the transforming
      potential of several oncogenes. The sensitivity of this assay increased fivefold
      when retinoic acid was added to tissue culture media. Retinoic acid probably acts
      by selectively inhibiting the proliferation of nontransformed cells.

PMID- 3380101
TI  - Developmentally regulated expression of a human "finger"-containing gene encoded
      by the 5' half of the ret transforming gene.
AB  - We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone of the human gene encoded by the 5' half
      of the ret transforming gene. The nucleotide sequence indicates that it encodes a
      protein with "finger" structures which represent putative metal- and nucleic acid
      binding domains. Transcription of this gene was detected at high levels in a
      variety of human and rodent tumor cell lines, mouse testis, and embryos. In
      addition, a unique transcript was observed in testis RNA. When the expression of
      the unique transcript was examined at different stages of spermatogenesis, a
      striking increase in mRNA levels accompanied progression from meiotic prophase
      pachytene spermatocytes to postmeiotic round spermatids. This finger-containing
      gene may thus function in male germ cell development.

PMID- 3380103
TI  - Mechanism of the estrogen receptor interaction with 4-hydroxytamoxifen.
AB  - The binding mechanism of the estrogen receptor with 4-[3H]hydroxytamoxifen was
      investigated. The equilibrium binding analysis with 4-[3H]hydroxytamoxifen
      indicated a positive cooperative interaction: the Scatchard plot was convex and
      the Hill coefficient was 1.4-1.5. This binding appears similar to the positively
      cooperative interaction of the estrogen receptor with [3H]estradiol. However, a
      competitive binding assay with a saturating concentration of [3H] estradiol and
      variable concentrations of 4-hydroxytamoxifen produced nonparallel displacement
      curves indicating that the binding mechanism of the receptor with these two
      ligands is different. The competitive binding assay with [3H]estradiol and 4
      hydroxytamoxifen at constant molar ratios demonstrated that the receptor's
      affinity for estradiol was reduced and the receptor preferentially bound 4
      hydroxytamoxifen. These data suggest that 4-hydroxytamoxifen interacts with the
      receptor differently than estradiol; it antagonizes the binding of estradiol when
      these two ligands are simultaneously present.

PMID- 3380102
TI  - Rejection of B16 melanoma induced by expression of a transfected major
      histocompatibility complex class I gene.
AB  - Transfection of a functional major histocompatibility complex class I gene into
      certain tumor cells, induced by oncogenic viruses or chemical carcinogens, can
      effectively abrogate their tumorigenic activity. Since experimentally induced
      tumors possess strong tumor-specific transplantation antigens, expression of cell
      surface class I antigens may present the tumor cells to appropriate immune
      effector cells. Most spontaneously arising tumors do not possess tumor-specific
      transplantation antigens, and their tumorigenicity may not be affected by the
      expression of a transfected class I gene. We demonstrate that the poorly
      immunogenic B16-BL6 melanoma can be rendered nontumorigenic in syngeneic mice by
      the expression of the class I H-2K antigen but not the class II I-A antigen.
      Furthermore, the poorly tumorigenic, class I-expressing B16-BL6-transfected cells
      can effectively immunize syngeneic C57BL/6 mice against the highly tumorigenic,
      class I-deficient B16-BL6 parental cells. Our success in experimentally
      manipulating the tumorigenicity of a spontaneously derived neoplasm offers hope
      for a potential modality for the effective treatment of human cancer.

PMID- 3380104
TI  - Chromogranin A biosynthetic cell populations in bovine endocrine and neuronal
      tissues: detection by in situ hybridization histochemistry.
AB  - Chromogranin A is a highly acidic protein that is found in the secretory granules
      of many endocrine and neuronal cells. To localize bovine cell populations
      involved in chromogranin A biosynthesis, the distribution of the mRNA encoding
      this protein was determined with in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the
      adrenal gland, the mRNA was found in the chromaffin cells of the medulla but was
      absent from the cortex. The distribution of the mRNA in the medulla was uneven;
      cells located at the periphery were more heavily labeled than those in the center
      of the gland. Because the adrenal medulla is composed of several cell types, the
      chromogranin A-containing cells were further characterized for the presence of
      neuropeptide and adrenergic markers. Adjacent sections were examined for the
      mRNAs encoding enkephalin and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the
      enzyme that catalyzes the formation of epinephrine from norepinephrine. Both
      mRNAs were present in a narrow band of cells at the periphery of the medulla.
      However, in contrast to the distribution of chromogranin A mRNA, the enkephalin
      and PNMT mRNAs were detected in only a small number of cells in the inner
      medullary region. The difference in the distribution of the enkephalin and PNMT
      mRNAs from that of chromogranin A suggests that the expression of these genes is
      differentially regulated. In addition to the adrenal gland, chromogranin A mRNA
      is expressed by many other tissues. In the parathyroid gland, which is rich in
      the mRNA but exhibits little chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity, the message
      was present in most cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380105
TI  - Inhibin: definition and nomenclature, including related substances.

PMID- 3380106
TI  - Development and application of RNA probes for the study of picornaviruses.
AB  - Single-stranded RNA probes were developed from cloned cDNA fragments derived from
      four picornaviruses; poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B3, ECHOvirus 9 and
      Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. In comparative testing with a nick
      translated cDNA probe, the RNA probe was found to be 10-100-fold more sensitive.
      Hybridization conditions were optimized for RNA probes to picornavirus targets.
      Longer hybridization times gave an improved signal, as did a temperature of 50
      degrees C. Formamide concentration had little effect on signal strength. A crude
      transcription mix performed as well or better as a probe than did more purified
      preparations of RNA. Finally, a combination of the three probes derived from
      human picornaviruses detected all 16 serotypes of human enteroviruses tested.
      Used individually, the four probes detected different spectra of animal and human
      picornaviruses, shedding more light on the interrelationships among these
      pathogens.

PMID- 3380107
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of rabies infection by means of a dot hybridization assay.
AB  - Dot hybridization was used to detect specific rabies RNA in brains, either from
      experimental infection in mouse or from brain material to be processed for
      routine diagnosis. 32P cDNA probes were employed to identify minute amounts of
      specific viral RNA. Purified RNA was obtained after phenol extraction. The RNA
      was fixed on nylon membranes and hybridized with a pool of M13 inserts
      complementary to 200-400 nucleotides of each rabies gene and mRNA. Hybridized,
      labelled probes were detected by autoradiography. There was strong cross
      hybridization between fixed rabies and street rabies virus RNA, which enable the
      detection of field strains for diagnosis purpose using a fixed rabies (PV strain)
      cDNA. A positive response was obtained with as little as 80 ng of brain RNA
      material from a fixed rabies-infected mouse. Detection of viral RNA was still
      specific 1 week after death, the brain material being left at room temperature. A
      total correlation was found when the samples were examined in parallel using a
      fluorescent rabies-specific antibody and by virus isolation on murine
      neuroblastoma cells. These data show that the use of rabies-specific cDNA probes
      in a dot-blot hybridization assay has great potential for the diagnosis of
      rabies.

PMID- 3380108
TI  - Induction of chromatid aberrations by TEM and maleic hydrazide is differently
      affected by pretreatment of Vicia faba root-tip meristems with methyl iodide.
AB  - Treatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with methyl iodide (MeI) 2 h before
      challenge treatment with triethylene melamine (TEM) significantly reduced the
      yield of metaphases with chromatid aberrations, i.e., resulted in clastogenic
      adaptation. Combined treatment with MeI and TEM increased the aberration yield;
      MeI treatment alone (10(-3) M, 0.5 h) was without clastogenic effect. No
      protective effects were observed after MeI pretreatment and challenge treatment
      by maleic hydrazide (MH). The data obtained in V. faba are compared to those
      previously reported for E. coli.

PMID- 3380109
TI  - UV-induced DNA repair is not detectable in pre-dictyate oocytes of the mouse.
AB  - Oocytes from fetal and neonatal mice were UV-irradiated, cultured in medium
      containing tritiated thymidine and analysed following autoradiography. As
      previously reported irradiated dictyate cells clearly displayed an increased
      grain count. However we detected no UV-induced response in oocytes at the
      leptotene, zygotene or pachytene stages of meiosis. This contrasts with the
      situation in spermatogenesis where high levels of repair can be induced in
      equivalent early prophase stages.

PMID- 3380110
TI  - Mutagenicity of gossypol analyzed by induction of meiotic micronuclei in vitro.
AB  - Chromosome breakage caused by mutagens in male germ cells can be analyzed by
      micronucleus induction during meiotic division. This can be followed in vitro by
      culturing seminiferous tubular segments from stages of the epithelial cycle that
      contain late pachytene and diakinetic primary spermatocytes. We studied the
      mutagenic potential of a male contraceptive, gossypol, in this test system using
      adriamycin (10 ng/ml) as a reference mutagen. A small but significant increase in
      the frequency of micronuclei was induced with concentrations of 10 and 20
      micrograms/ml of gossypol, while cytotoxic effects appeared at concentration of
      20 micrograms/ml and were evident at 50 micrograms/ml. Analysis of meiotic
      micronucleus induction in vitro seems to be a sensitive test system of male germ
      cell mutagenesis, but further studies on the possible mutagenic effects of
      gossypol are needed.

PMID- 3380111
TI  - The influence of chronic N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine pre-treatments on
      mutagenic response and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity in V79
      Chinese hamster cells.

PMID- 3380112
TI  - Radiation sensitivity and DNA repair in Caenorhabditis elegans strains with
      different mean life spans.
AB  - The sensitivities to three DNA damaging agents (UV and gamma-radiation, methyl
      methanesulfonate) were measured in four recombinant inbred (RI) strains of
      Caenorhabditis elegans with mean life spans ranging from 13 to 30.9 days, as well
      as in the wild-type strains used to derive these RI's. Sensitivities at several
      stages in the developmental cycle were tested. There were no significant
      correlations between mean life span and the lethal effects of these 3 agents.
      Excision of two UV-radiation-induced DNA photoproducts was also measured. Long
      lived strains were no more repair competent than shorter-lived strains. These
      data indicate that DNA repair plays at best a minor role in the aging process of
      C. elegans.

PMID- 3380113
TI  - Effects of ethidium bromide and nalidixic acid pretreatment on the induction of
      chromatid aberrations by TEM and maleic hydrazide in Vicia faba main root
      meristems.
AB  - Pretreatment of Vicia faba main root meristems with ethidium bromide (EB) or
      nalidixic acid (NA) significantly reduced the yield of metaphases with chromatid
      aberrations induced by maleic hydrazide (MH), i.e., triggered clastogenic
      adaptation to MH. No such protection occurred when the alkylating agent
      triethylenemelamine (TEM) was used for challenge treatment. The differential
      response of pretreated cells to MH on the one hand (protection) and to TEM (no
      protection) on the other supports the conclusion that clastogenic adaptation is
      due to different inducible (repair?) functions, which eventually exert protection
      against clastogenic impacts.

PMID- 3380114
TI  - Gastric hypomotility in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
AB  - In Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, functional impairment of smooth muscle in the
      gastrointestinal tract can cause acute gastric dilatation and intestinal pseudo
      obstruction that may be fatal. We describe a patient with this syndrome who at
      autopsy had smooth-muscle degeneration of the stomach. To provide objective
      evidence of functional smooth-muscle impairment in Duchenne's dystrophy, we
      performed gastric-emptying studies in 11 patients and 11 normal controls, using
      technetium-99m radionuclide scintigraphy in a test meal of oatmeal. The patients
      with Duchenne's dystrophy had delayed gastric-emptying times (118.18 +/- 32.21
      minutes [mean +/- SEM]) as compared with controls (42.5 +/- 3.4 minutes, P less
      than 0.01). The cause of the pathological and functional abnormalities we
      describe in smooth muscle is unknown but may be a deficiency of dystrophin, the
      recently identified gene product of the Duchenne's muscular dystrophy locus.

PMID- 3380115
TI  - Dysfunctional properdin in a Dutch family with meningococcal disease.

PMID- 3380116
TI  - Nicotine chewing gum and group counseling in smoking cessation.

PMID- 3380117
TI  - Pulsatile secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin.

PMID- 3380118
TI  - Thrombotic disorder associated with a protein C inhibitor.

PMID- 3380119
TI  - Desegregation of hospitals and medical societies in North Carolina.

PMID- 3380120
TI  - Minorities in the Journal's advertisements.

PMID- 3380121
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 28-1988. A 17-year-old African girl with dyspnea, chest pain, and
      signs of valvular heart disease.

PMID- 3380122
TI  - The treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning simplified.

PMID- 3380124
TI  - Dentists and risk of HIV.

PMID- 3380123
TI  - Cyclosporine: GVHD and beyond.

PMID- 3380125
TI  - Type A behavior and mortality from coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3380126
TI  - Vaginal delivery of twins after previous cesarean section.

PMID- 3380127
TI  - Population-based study of sex proportion in monoamniotic twins.

PMID- 3380128
TI  - Setting limits in Luggnagg.

PMID- 3380129
TI  - The decline and fall of deregulation.

PMID- 3380130
TI  - Legal disclaimers in medical journals and textbooks.

PMID- 3380131
TI  - Aluminum-containing emboli in infants treated with extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation.
AB  - We found fibrin thrombi or thromboemboli at autopsy in 22 of 23 infants with
      respiratory failure who had been treated with venoarterial extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In addition, distinctive basophilic aluminum
      containing emboli were found in 12 of the infants; the distribution of these
      emboli was similar to that of the thromboemboli, except that an aluminum
      containing embolus was found in a lung in only 1 infant. Sixteen infants had
      pulmonary thrombi or thromboemboli. We also found friable aluminum-containing
      concretions adhering loosely to the mixing rods of heat exchangers that had been
      used to warm the blood flowing through the ECMO circuit; such concretions were
      not present on unused mixing rods. We propose that these aluminum-containing
      concretions developed as the silicone coating of the heat exchanger wore away and
      aluminum metal was exposed to warm, oxygenated blood and that fragments of
      aluminum-containing concretions formed emboli. This hypothesis is supported by
      the fact that aluminum-containing emboli were generally not present in the lungs,
      which are bypassed by ECMO. Although infarcts were found in 16 of the 23 infants,
      we cannot be certain whether any of the infarcts were caused by the aluminum
      containing emboli.

PMID- 3380132
TI  - Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with intravenous 4-methylpyrazole.

PMID- 3380133
TI  - Dermatophytosis of pigs by Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
AB  - We describe the isolation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in two family-operated
      farms where the animals were suffering skin ailments characterized by a swelling
      and a reddening of the back and flanks. This condition affected 2 and 5%
      respectively of the animals on the farms, the younger ones being more frequently
      affected.

PMID- 3380134
TI  - An improved technique for making permanent slide cultures of fungi.
AB  - A double-over-glass technique used for preparing permanent slides of marine
      fungal spores is herein adapted to the standard slide culture technique. Fungal
      slide cultures made by this new method will last indefinitely.

PMID- 3380135
TI  - Cutaneous trichosporosis.
AB  - Of 269 patients with cutaneous trichosporosis a majority of 170 (63.2%) showed
      the infection as intertrigo in the genitocrural and perianal areas. The
      predominant symptoms were itching and burning. Trichosporosis has been found to
      be less common in the other sites. Trichosporosis due to Trichosporon beigelii
      should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnosis in cases of
      genitocrural intertrigo and other cutaneous infections by fungi and bacteria in
      the tropics.

PMID- 3380136
TI  - Epidemiological survey of rhinosporidiosis in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu.
AB  - One hundred and twelve nasal polyps received along with full history from three
      different hospitals of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu during the period 1983
      1987 were found positive for rhinosporidiosis on histopathological examination.
      Among the four taluks (countries) the majority of the cases (41.1 per cent) came
      from Agastheeswaram, followed by Kalkulam (28.6 per cent), Thovalai (17.0 per
      cent) and Vilavancode (13.3 per cent). The 11-20 years age group found to be
      highly susceptible (60 per cent). There was no sex prepondence in contracting the
      disease as the cases were evenly distributed between both sexes. These findings
      exhibited the endemic nature of the disease in Kanyakumari district. Unreported
      cases to an extent of 9 to 40 per cent were encountered during the ENT disease
      diagnostic camps conducted in nine high incidence villages. Further 8 more cases
      were detected in addition to cases attended in the hospitals and ENT camps when a
      complete enumeration of cases was undertaken in Pallam village. Thus the actual
      number of cases found in the district need a stratified random sampling.

PMID- 3380137
TI  - Nasal allergy to fungi in guinea pigs.
AB  - Sensitized guinea pigs produced specific IgG and IgE antibodies toward
      Cladosporium and Alternaria. In presence of fungal extracts, nasal mast cells
      degranulate. Ultrastructural modifications of the cells during degranulation have
      been established. The ciliary epithelium and the ciliary beating are not affected
      by fungal allergens.

PMID- 3380138
TI  - Production of moniliformin by Canadian isolates of Fusarium.
AB  - Twenty-eight Canadian isolates of Fusarium were tested for their ability to
      produce moniliformin in corn. Both F. moniliforme (2/6 isolates) and F.
      subglutinans (11/15 isolates) produced the mycotoxin, while F. graminearum did
      not. Field-corn inoculated with F. moniliforme M3783 was able to support
      production of both moniliformin and fusarin C.

PMID- 3380140
TI  - Inhibitory effects of six Turkish thyme-like spices on some common food-borne
      bacteria (short communication).

PMID- 3380139
TI  - Nutritional studies on agadagidi.
AB  - The analysis showed a gradual fall of the sugar content as fermentation period
      increased. Ascorbic acid content decreased while nitrogen and crude protein
      increased during fermentation. The predominant amino acids are leucine, lysine,
      valine, asparagine and glutamic acid, methionine, phenylalanine.

PMID- 3380141
TI  - AIDS: position paper of the SANA (South African Nursing Association).

PMID- 3380142
TI  - [Urinary incontinence in women: the role of surgery].

PMID- 3380143
TI  - Education for sexuality.

PMID- 3380145
TI  - Social impact of AIDS.

PMID- 3380144
TI  - Sharing responsibilities between doctors and nurses.

PMID- 3380146
TI  - [Diagnostic cytology in gynecology].

PMID- 3380147
TI  - European cultural childbirth practices.

PMID- 3380148
TI  - Reflections on technology in teaching.

PMID- 3380149
TI  - AIDS--overview.

PMID- 3380150
TI  - [Nursing informatics: various implications].

PMID- 3380151
TI  - Bethesda healing: will city-oriented bureaucrats become more aware of the
      inequalities between rural and urban services?

PMID- 3380152
TI  - [Burnout syndrome: disease of our time with a message].

PMID- 3380153
TI  - Investigating bladder complaints: complications following spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3380154
TI  - [Congo fever--where are we in the management of patients suspected of having
      hemorrhagic Congo fever?].

PMID- 3380155
TI  - Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever--a nursing care plan.

PMID- 3380157
TI  - [Series on teaching methods (3). The small group discussion].

PMID- 3380156
TI  - Nursing the anorexic: a desperately angry, mistrustful and frightened individual.

PMID- 3380158
TI  - Nursing in the Republic of China: the revival of health care in the land
      bedevilled by politics.

PMID- 3380159
TI  - "OK?"--Communication across the language barrier.

PMID- 3380160
TI  - Comparative health service studies with Finland.

PMID- 3380161
TI  - Accountability--what are the implications for theatre nurses?

PMID- 3380162
TI  - Local anaesthesia: hazards and complications.

PMID- 3380163
TI  - Fluorescence spectra of NADH/NAD, kynurenine, tryptophan, and tyrosine.

PMID- 3380165
TI  - A call for unity in education and practice.

PMID- 3380166
TI  - New paths for nurses. Who are our leaders?

PMID- 3380164
TI  - [Chromium content of medicinal plants used in diabetes mellitus type II].

PMID- 3380167
TI  - Bioethical decision making for the health care professional.

PMID- 3380169
TI  - National Center for Nursing Research: missions, programs and initiatives.

PMID- 3380168
TI  - A study to determine the relationship between the method of organizing nursing
      care delivery and job satisfaction of nursing personnel.

PMID- 3380170
TI  - Building theory through clinical practice.

PMID- 3380171
TI  - Meeting consumer needs: successful collaboration between an interdisciplinary
      health care team and bereaved parents.

PMID- 3380172
TI  - Links (NAPNAP).

PMID- 3380173
TI  - University/hospital collaboration in research: one model.

PMID- 3380174
TI  - Staff nursing as faculty practice--why not?

PMID- 3380175
TI  - A guide to publication for nurses.

PMID- 3380176
TI  - Technology and the marketplace.

PMID- 3380177
TI  - [Patients reported with infectious diseases in 1987].

PMID- 3380179
TI  - [Bilateral knee and hip arthroplasties in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 3380178
TI  - [The treatment of congenital knee dislocation].

PMID- 3380180
TI  - [Does vitamin supplementation in the aged make sense?].

PMID- 3380182
TI  - [The diagnosis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections: complicated?].

PMID- 3380181
TI  - [Prevention of postoperative lung complications].

PMID- 3380183
TI  - [Pancreatic enzyme preparations].

PMID- 3380184
TI  - [Chronic maxillary sinusitis and the potential role of the allergic reaction of
      the nasal mucosa].

PMID- 3380185
TI  - [Fainting: seizure or not? The importance of the anamnesis in the differential
      diagnosis of a temporary decrease in consciousness].

PMID- 3380186
TI  - [The Dutch TIA-study of the preventive action of very low doses of
      acetylsalicylic acid and of atenolol].

PMID- 3380187
TI  - [Kidney damage caused by fumaric acid derivatives].

PMID- 3380188
TI  - [Secobarbital and other psychotropic drugs under the opium law].

PMID- 3380189
TI  - [Necrotizing fasciitis].

PMID- 3380190
TI  - [Acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3380191
TI  - [Tired, due to viruses].

PMID- 3380192
TI  - [Postviral fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis].

PMID- 3380193
TI  - [Mumps: more than just parotitis].

PMID- 3380194
TI  - [Biological determinants of suicidal behavior].

PMID- 3380195
TI  - [Man, health and the environment].

PMID- 3380196
TI  - [Psychological markers and subjectively experienced physical impediments of adult
      patients at the Dutch Asthma Center in Davos].

PMID- 3380197
TI  - [Income and mortality; results of a 25-year follow-up study in male civil
      servants in Amsterdam].

PMID- 3380198
TI  - [Eye injuries in sports].

PMID- 3380199
TI  - [Acute pulmonary edema with a sojourn at high altitudes].

PMID- 3380200
TI  - [The erythrocyte sedimentation rate; a study of the reproducibility of this
      determination in family practice].

PMID- 3380201
TI  - [Electrocardiography and the family physician, a source of concern?].

PMID- 3380202
TI  - [The sprained ankle].

PMID- 3380203
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis or herniotomy; results of a comparative study in patients with
      a lumbar herniation of the nucleus pulposus].

PMID- 3380204
TI  - [Descending modulation of the reflex reactions of the spinal motor neurons in
      human spinal cord damage].
AB  - Changes of H-reflexes amplitude and Ia-inhibition intensity before, during and
      after voluntary contractions of skeletal muscles were studied in healthy subjects
      and patients with midthoracic injury of the spinal cord. The voluntary actions
      induced facilitation of H-reflexes and suppression of Ia inhibition in healthy
      people and in patients with paraparesis. In patients with paraplegia these
      voluntary actions induced either the depression of H-reflexes and increase of Ia
      inhibition intensity or caused no effect on these reactions. A relation between
      reflex reaction changes and posttraumatic structural and functional disturbance
      of descending paths were discussed.

PMID- 3380205
TI  - [Characteristics of limb movementss, intensity of integral afferent impulse flow
      from limb receptors and level of polarization of primary afferent endings during
      locomotion of highly decerebrate cats].
AB  - Correlations between parameters of electrical muscle activity, changes of joint
      angles of the hindlimb, intensity of afferent inflow and dorsal root potential
      during real locomotion were studied in highly decerebrate cats. Characteristics
      of the hindlimb movements before and after deafferentation were described. It has
      been shown that during locomotion the afferent activity consisted of two
      components: tonic and periodic phase ones. In the latter one three principal
      waves can be distinguished, each inducing appropriate changes in primary afferent
      terminals polarization level. These changes in their turn, were summated with
      those elicited by central generator. Correlation dependences between parameters
      of the above mentioned processes were investigated. Mechanisms of afferent
      control of the locomotor generator function are discussed.

PMID- 3380206
TI  - [Comparison of the action of hyperpolarization and ethanol on frog end-plate
      currents at different cholinoceptor densities].
AB  - Both hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and ethanol delayed the decay
      rate of end-plate currents (EPC) in voltage clamp experiments of frog
      neuromuscular junctions. After a decrease of the acetylcholine receptors' density
      by alpha-bungarotoxin, the effect of ethanol, but not that of hyperpolarization,
      became less pronounced. It is concluded that there are differences between
      hyperpolarization and ethanol action on the processes controlling the EPC decay
      rate.

PMID- 3380208
TI  - [Neurophysiological analysis of the effects of selective deprivation of
      paradoxical sleep].
AB  - Neurophysiological analysis of the effects of selective and total paradoxical
      sleep deprivation (PSD) involving the replacement of paradoxical sleep (PS)
      phases by equivalent (as to duration) episodes of wakefulness is carried out. In
      contrast to the "classical" method of momentary awakening of the animal, a new
      method does not lead to: (1) the accumulation of PS need associated with more
      frequent PS onsets during deprivation; (2) PS rebound in a postdeprivation
      period; (3) dissociation of PS components, i.e. their occasional occurrence in
      other phases of the sleep-wakefulness cycle due to the phenomenon of self
      deprivation; (4) increase in the rate of pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) spikes,
      eye movements and heart rate during PS phases in the postdeprivation period. The
      application of selective and total PSD techniques caused no noticeable changes in
      the functional state and integrative activity of the brain, the latter warranting
      its successful use for treatment of some psychoneurological disturbances in
      clinics. The assumption has been advanced about the similarity of the
      neurochemical changes forming the need both for wakefulness and PS.

PMID- 3380209
TI  - [Role of specific and nonspecific afferent currents in forming evoked brain
      potentials to photic stimulation in the cat].
AB  - Evoked potentials during light stimulation were investigated in normal cats and
      after bilateral destruction of specific (the optical tracts, the lateral
      geniculate nuclei) and nonspecific (the brachia colliculi superioris) visual
      pathways. A component corresponding to the primary response was present in evoked
      potentials in all cases. It is concluded that photoinduced responses mainly
      depend on the quantity but not on the quality of the exciting afferent flow.

PMID- 3380207
TI  - [Comparative analysis of brain neurite-stimulating protein and nerve growth
      factor by using a culture of chick embryo sensory neurons].
AB  - The effect of brain neurite-stimulating protein (BNSP) on growth and
      differentiation of nerve cells was studied in cultured chick embryo neurons BNSP
      stimulated axon growth. Its chemical characteristics were different from those of
      neurotrophic factor (NGF). The effect of NGF antiserum was not blocked by the
      BNSP action. The neurite-stimulating effect of BNSP can be used for stimulation
      of regenerating processes in the nervous tissue.

PMID- 3380210
TI  - [Characteristics of the neuronal activation of the pontine nuclei proper in the
      cat in cortico- and cerebellofugal impulse flow].
AB  - Antidromic activation of the pontine nuclei neurons evoked by stimulation of
      brachium pontis, brachium conjunctivum (in rare cases), cerebellar central
      nuclei, pyramidal tract and sensorimotor cerebral cortex was studied in
      narcotized cats using the intracellular recording technique. The projection to
      the cerebellar lateral nucleus was shown to be the most pronounced among pontine
      nuclear projections. Monosynaptic excitation of the pontine nuclei neurons during
      stimulation of the pyramidal tract, cerebellar central nuclei and brachium
      conjunctivum was revealed. Peculiarities and significance of the connections
      revealed for the functioning of cortico-ponto-cerebellar system are discussed.

PMID- 3380211
TI  - [Changes in the intensity of integral afferent inflow from limb receptors and the
      level of polarization of primary afferent endings in the decerebrate cat during
      scratching].
AB  - The experiments performed on decerebrated cats have shown that afferent activity
      during scratching consisted of two components--tonic and periodic phasic ones.
      The first component was determined by the limb position, the second was closely
      related to the amplitude and velocity of joint angle changes. Maximum of integral
      afferent activity in the cycle coincided with the scratching jerk phase. These
      two components of afferent activity evoked corresponding depolarization changes
      in primary afferent terminals and these changes added to those elicited by
      central generator. Statistical correlations between the aforementioned parameters
      were studied. The afferent control mechanisms of scratching generator are under
      discussion.

PMID- 3380212
TI  - [Participation of the secondary motor area of the frontal lobe of the brain in
      organizing postural components of human voluntary movement].
AB  - Synergies of the orthograde posture associated with voluntary movements (deep
      respiration or fast arm elevation) were studied in 225 patients with local
      verified brain lesions. Postural adjustments associated with deep respiratory
      movements were disturbed in patients with lesions of mainly posterior part of the
      inferior convolution of the frontal lobe. Postural adjustments associated with
      arm elevation were disturbed in patients with lesions of mainly the posterior
      part of the superior frontal convolution corresponding to the supplementary motor
      area. It is concluded that postural components of different voluntary movements
      requiring learning are controlled by different secondary motor areas.

PMID- 3380214
TI  - [Localization of areas of action potential generation in neurons of the edible
      snail].
AB  - Site of origin of action potentials in silent and spontaneously active unipolar
      neurons of the snail Helix lucorum was established by stimulation of neurons
      isolated together with the initial part of the process from the neuropile by the
      sinusoidal extracellular current flowing along the soma-axon direction in the
      saline. The source of the spontaneous activity was in the neuronal process in all
      investigated neurons and one trigger zone usually dominated. Threshold of the
      action potential generation in response to the extracellular current in silent
      neurons was also connected with the axonal trigger zone activation. The low
      threshold zone of action potential generation in the soma was found only in 20%
      of studied neurons.

PMID- 3380213
TI  - [Neurophysiological research on the bulbar projections of different groups of
      afferents of the superior laryngeal nerve].
AB  - Bulbar projections of superior laryngeal afferent fibres were investigated using
      the method of ortho- and antidromic testing in 17 adult cats anaesthetized with
      nembutal (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Terminals of the most excitable afferents (group A
      beta) were distributed predominantly ipsilaterally within nucleus tractus
      solitarius (NTS), adjacent part of lateral tegmental field (FTL), and rostral
      part of retrofacial nucleus (RFN). The high threshold afferent projections of the
      superior laryngeal nerve (groups A gamma and A delta) were also found within this
      nuclei but were more extensive as compared with low threshold afferents within
      NTS and FTL. Projection pattern within RFN was found to be reverse. Superior
      laryngeal afferent terminals with the high threshold only (group A delta) were
      found within caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and probably within
      dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve just rostral to obex.

PMID- 3380215
TI  - Intact humoral immune response in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.
AB  - After influenza vaccination no statistically significant difference in antibody
      response was observed between patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis (CAPD) and healthy volunteers while a large group of hemodialysis (HD)
      patients was found to have a significantly lower response rate. This difference
      remained statistically significant when CAPD patients were compared to a matched
      HD group. As the antibody formation after influenza vaccination is a T cell
      dependent phenomenon, the normal immune response to vaccination suggests an
      intact humoral and cellular immunity in CAPD patients.

PMID- 3380216
TI  - Serum IgE in primary glomerular diseases and its clinical significance.
AB  - Total serum IgE was measured in 119 cases of primary glomerular diseases and 33
      normal healthy persons. Statistically significant higher levels were noted in
      minimal change disease (MCD; median: 630 U/ml), IgM nephropathy (IgMN; 618 U/ml),
      focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS; 373 U/ml) and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN;
      144 U/ml). A higher level of serum IgE was noted in association with more
      frequent relapse or steroid resistance in MCD and IgMN and in FGS with nephrotic
      syndrome. A small group of IgA nephropathy with nephrotic range proteinuria was
      also noted to have extraordinarily high serum IgE. These findings suggest that
      IgE may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MCD, IgMN, and FGS and may
      serve as a prognostic indicator in terms of steroid responsiveness in MCD and
      IgMN.

PMID- 3380217
TI  - Hemodialysis with low-temperature dialysate: a long-term experience.
AB  - The effect of cool dialysate in hemodialysis (HD)-induced symptoms was studied in
      a group of 8 patients, neither diabetic nor anephric, with a high incidence of HD
      induced hypotension (20-90%). Patients were studied during two consecutive
      periods of 6 months, the first one with dialysate at 37 degrees C (598 sessions)
      and the second one at 35 degrees C (599 sessions). Dialysis at low temperature
      was associated with a decrease in symptomatic hypotension (SH) (47.4 vs. 33.9%, p
      less than 0.001), a greater loss of weight during HD (1.52 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.71 +/-
      0.03 kg, p less than 0.001) and stabilization of predialysis systolic blood
      pressure (SBP) at a lower level (144 +/- 0.69 vs. 139 +/- 0.98 mm Hg, p less than
      0.001). At 37 degrees C, SH was associated with a higher ultrafiltration (1.71 +/
      0.05 vs. 1.32 +/- 0.05 kg, p less than 0.001). There was an improvement of
      symptoms both taken as a whole (55.6 vs. 45.8%, p less than 0.01) or one by one,
      cramps were the only exception as they increased at 35 degrees C (2.7 vs. 10.9%,
      p less than 0.001) being related with a greater weight loss at both temperatures
      (1.47 +/- 0.04 vs. 2.04 +/- 0.25 kg at 37 degrees C, p less than 0.001; 1.76 +/-
      0.03 kg vs. 2.23 = 0.10 kg at 35 degrees C, p less than 0.001). In spite of the
      increase in the frequency of cramps, 7 out of 8 patients experienced some
      amelioration of dialysis symptoms (range between 7 and 21.4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380218
TI  - Acute renal failure after analgesic drugs including paracetamol (acetaminophen).
AB  - Seven patients with acute renal failure after ingestion of analgesic drug
      combinations including paracetamol were seen. They presented with oliguric renal
      failure and restitution of renal function was complete. Only 2 patients had
      severe liver damage and 2 patients had no signs of liver abnormality. Renal
      biopsies, studied by light and electron microscopy, in 3 patients showed focal
      tubular epithelial cell necrosis. Focal vascular damage, predominantly of
      endothelial cells, was also present in all specimens. This vascular injury was
      found in various locations in the kidney, including the glomerular and
      peritubular capillaries and small arterioles. This suggests that microvascular
      damage is an important mechanism for the renal injury after analgesic drugs.

PMID- 3380219
TI  - IgG subclass distribution of autoantibodies to glomerular basement membrane in
      Goodpasture's syndrome compared to other autoantibodies.
AB  - The IgG subclass distribution of autoantibodies to glomerular basement membrane
      (anti-GBM antibodies) was investigated and compared to the distribution of liver
      kidney microsomal (LKM) autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis, to
      antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) in primary biliary cirrhosis, and to the
      subclass distribution of total serum IgG within a healthy population. Solid phase
      assays for the demonstration of these autoantibodies were performed with four
      mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for each human subclass to provide
      quantitative data for the autoantibodies. In addition, the subclass distribution
      of total IgG in these sera was analyzed. IgG1 accounted for 75% of the total
      antibody activity in anti-GBM antibodies. In LKM antibodies a more homogeneous
      distribution was observed between the different subclasses with a relative high
      proportion of IgG4 autoantibodies (21.2%). In AMA a high proportion of IgG3
      subclass autoantibodies was found (anti-p-48 = 28.7%, anti-p-62 = 29.9%). In
      these patients a high proportion of IgG3 (23 vs. 27.2%) could also be
      demonstrated in the subclass distribution of total IgG, whereas in patients with
      anti-GBM antibodies and LKM antibodies the subclass distribution of total IgG was
      comparable to a population of healthy volunteers. We conclude that the subclass
      distribution in anti-GBM antibodies differs from the distribution in other
      autoimmune diseases and from a healthy population and that these differences may
      be of pathogenetic relevance.

PMID- 3380220
TI  - Effect of cisplatin on proximal straight tubule transport of divalent cations in
      the rabbit.
AB  - Clearance and in vitro microperfusion studies were performed in rabbits to
      determine the effect of cisplatin on proximal straight tubule transport of
      calcium and magnesium. Rabbits were injected with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg i.p. once
      weekly) for 3 weeks, whereas control rabbits received normal saline solution
      which served as a diluent for cisplatin. In 5 rabbits, 24-hour clearance studies
      were performed with the aid of a metabolic cage. Following cisplatin treatment,
      fractional excretion of magnesium rose significantly (73.3 +/- 11.5 vs. 111.4 +/-
      17.5%). Glomerular filtration rate fell with cisplatin treatment (4.05 +/- 0.76
      vs. 2.81 +/- 28 ml/min). There was no difference in fractional excretion of
      calcium (26.3 +/- 9.5 vs. 22.7 +/- 3.2%). The cortical and juxtamedullary
      proximal straight tubules were perfused in vitro. Net volume absorption was the
      same in the control and cisplatin-treated rabbits. However, there was a
      significant reduction in JCa (cortical 0.57 +/- 0.10 vs. -0.10 +/- 0.12
      pmol/min/mm; juxtamedullary 0.96 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.37 pmol/min/mm) and JMg
      (cortical 0.43 +/- 0.08 vs. -0.15 +/- 0.07 pmol/min/mm; juxtamedullary 0.40 +/-
      0.27 vs. -0.30 +/- 0.28 pmol/min/mm). In contrast to chronic administration,
      acute addition of cisplatin into the bath had no effect on JCa and JMg in the
      cortical and juxtamedullary proximal straight tubules. These data indicate that
      chronic but not acute cisplatin treatment depresses the transport of calcium and
      magnesium in the cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons of the proximal straight
      tubule of the rabbit.

PMID- 3380221
TI  - Transmission electron microscopy of urinary sediment in the assessment of
      aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in the rat.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy was used to study urine sediment and renal
      tissue from Fischer rats treated with gentamicin or tobramycin 40 mg/kg/day or
      sterile water (control) subcutaneously for 5 or 10 days. Renal function was
      assessed by serum urea nitrogen and 24-hour creatinine clearance. Urine sediment
      was examined for myeloid bodies and renal tubule cells. After 5 days, the renal
      function was not different, but myeloid bodies, renal tubule cells, and abnormal
      renal morphology were found only in tobramycin-treated animals. After 10 days,
      serum urea nitrogen was higher (p less than 0.05) and creatinine clearance lower
      (p less than 0.01) in treated than control animals. Myeloid bodies and renal
      tubule cells were found uniformly in treated animals. Transmission electron
      microscopy kidneys revealed abnormalities in treated animals, but focal tubular
      necrosis was found only in gentamicin-treated animals. This study using urinary
      sediment transmission electron microscopy as a sensitive technique reveals that
      tobramycin produces earlier but less severe aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity than
      gentamicin. Renal pathological changes may occur despite the absence of major
      decreases in renal function.

PMID- 3380222
TI  - Renal hypouricemia due to an isolated renal defect of urate transport.
AB  - A 22-year-old man was found to have low serum urate concentration (1.1-1.7
      mg/dl). His urate clearance was markedly increased (26.9-35.5 ml/min) and was not
      decreased after administration of pyrazinamide, but was even more increased after
      administration of benzbromarone. No other renal tubular abnormalities were
      detected. The young man has one sister and two brothers. His sister also has
      hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria. We suggest that the present case had a
      genetically determined renal abnormality affecting tubular presecretory
      reabsorption of urate.

PMID- 3380223
TI  - Glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria in essential hypertension.

PMID- 3380224
TI  - Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in a pregnant patient with membranoproliferative
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 3380225
TI  - Biochemical evaluation of ultrafiltrate in dialysis-dependent HBsAG-positive
      patients.

PMID- 3380226
TI  - Levels of circulating IgA immune complexes after gluten-rich diet in patients
      with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Measurement of IgA circulating immune complexes (IgA-CIC) in sera from patients
      with IgA nephropathy after a gluten-poor diet, an unrestricted diet and a gluten
      rich diet is described. High levels of IgA-CIC in sera were detected in patients
      after these diets. However, the levels of IgA-CIC in sera 2 weeks after the
      gluten-rich diet were not significantly increased compared with those after the
      other diets. It is suggested that, for a short duration, the gluten-rich diet
      might not increase the levels of IgA-CIC in sera from Japanese patients with IgA
      nephropathy.

PMID- 3380227
TI  - Medical renal disease in the elderly in a southern Indian hospital.
AB  - A review of 85 patients aged 60 years or more, treated in a southern Indian
      hospital for conditions requiring renal biopsy, showed that diffuse poliferative
      glomerulonephritis was the most frequent diagnosis, being present in 24 cases of
      whom 11 had elevated serum streptococcal antibody titres. Infections were also
      important in 2 patients with amyloidosis secondary to tuberculosis, in 3 patients
      with acute tubular necrosis following infectious gastroenteritis and in a patient
      with acute pyaemic interstitial nephritis with septicaemia. Drugs including
      indigenous medicines were the other important cause of renal disease, being
      implicated in 11 cases.

PMID- 3380228
TI  - In situ demonstration of renal tubular regeneration using the monoclonal antibody
      Ki67.
AB  - The murine monoclonal antibody Ki67 recognizes a nuclear antigen present in all
      phases of the cell cycle except Go and can be used with a simple indirect
      immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate cell proliferation in tissue
      sections. This antibody was applied to 37 unselected renal biopsies showing a
      wide variety of histological appearances. Ki67-positive nuclei were seen most
      frequently in tubular epithelium in acute tubulo-interstitial pathology,
      particularly in renal allograft rejection. Tubular epithelial staining ranged
      from 0 to 10% of cells. In chronic nephropathies few tubular cells were stained.
      Staining was seen in glomerular crescents, but was rare in glomerular tufts
      except those that showed mesangial proliferation where occasional cells stained.
      This study demonstrates that information regarding cellular proliferation in
      renal biopsies can be easily obtained using Ki67 immunostaining. This is likely
      to be a useful investigative tool and may provide clinically useful information.

PMID- 3380229
TI  - Influence of sodium balance on uremic red blood cell ion transport.
AB  - This study was performed to test the effect of dialysis-induced acute
      modifications of plasma volume and sodium pool on red blood cell (RBC) ion
      transport in patients with end-stage renal disease. This approach confirmed the
      presence of an Na-K pump inhibitor in the plasma of uremic patients with
      extracellular fluid volume expansion. This factor cross-reacts with digoxin
      antibodies, and its concentration decreases during dialysis; this explains the
      increased activity of the RBC Na-K pump that is consistently observed during
      dialysis.

PMID- 3380230
TI  - Analysis of urinary albumin excretion in gentamicin-treated rats.
AB  - Gentamicin doses of 40 mg/kg body weight/day were administered intravenously to
      62 Wistar rats. Nineteen animals were also treated orally with an NaHCO3 solution
      in place of water. The gentamicin-treated animals showed increased albuminuria
      immediately after the 3rd day of treatment. The fact that this increase was
      marked and that it also occurred at similar intensity in the animals treated with
      gentamicin and NaHCO3 whose tubular lesions were less serious suggests that the
      proteinuria was of glomerular origin. Albumins with different electrophoretic
      mobilities were also detected in the urine of these animals. Therefore, the
      change in electrical charge of the albumin may have contributed to albuminuria
      and to the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin.

PMID- 3380231
TI  - Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis following correction of severe
      hyponatremia.
AB  - A chronically hyponatremic patient developed neurological features of pontine
      level disconnection following the raising of serum sodium. At autopsy
      histopathological examination confirmed the presence of myelinolysis in the
      central pons and similar symmetrical lesions in the thalamus. In chronic
      hyponatremic patients, more than the rapidity of correction, the magnitude of the
      osmolar change may predispose to development of these lesions.

PMID- 3380232
TI  - Correlation of a colorimetric and a HPLC method for the determination of serum
      hippuric acid concentrations in uremia.
AB  - Hippuric acid has been recognized as a potential marker of uremic toxicity in
      chronic renal failure. However, in most studies, serum hippuric acid
      concentrations have been determined by sophisticated methods, such as high
      performance liquid chromatography. The present study was undertaken to evaluate
      whether the less complicated colorimetric determination method could replace such
      methods. Based on 21 different samples, the results obtained by both methods
      appeared to be correlated to each other in a highly significant way (total
      hippuric acid: r = 0.99, p less than 0.001; free hippuric acid; r = 1.00, p less
      than 0.001). Mean total and free hippuric acid concentrations and mean percent
      protein binding, obtained with both determination methods, were also identical.
      It is concluded that both the colorimetric method and high-performance liquid
      chromatography are equally reliable for the study of the concentration of
      hippuric acid in uremic serum and of its importance as a marker of the clinical
      and biochemical epiphenomena of uremic toxicity.

PMID- 3380233
TI  - Fatal phycomycosis in a hemodialyzed patient receiving deferoxamine.

PMID- 3380234
TI  - Late appearance of pneumothorax after subclavian catheterization for
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 3380235
TI  - Intraperitoneal route for vancomycin in CAPD patients.

PMID- 3380236
TI  - Effect of ascorbic acid on the hematopoiesis of patients with chronic renal
      failure receiving CAPD.

PMID- 3380237
TI  - Necessity for ICP monitoring to supplement GCS in head trauma cases.
AB  - The necessity for ICP monitoring together with GCS findings to detect
      deterioration in head trauma cases and determine the treatment required was
      studied. There were 18 subjects (14 males, 4 females) aged from 11 to 61. Cases
      of primary brain stem damage were excluded. Eight cases had GCS of 6-10, and 10
      cases scores of 11-15. Initial CTs of these cases indicated the following
      conditions: thin acute extradural haematoma (A-EDH), thin acute subdural
      haematoma (A-SDH), brain contusion, and single or multiple intracerebral
      haematoma (ICH). However, in no case was any mass effect clearly shown. Medical
      decompression (osmotherapy, barbiturate, steroid and mechanical hyperventilation)
      was carried out with simultaneous ICP monitoring. Based upon our cases which
      showed a GCS score of 10 or less, ICP monitoring should accompany medical
      decompression. Where the ICP cannot be maintained below 20 mm Hg, there is a high
      risk (about 60%) of haematoma enlargement, delayed haematoma, or increasing brain
      oedema. ICP monitoring in these cases should be maintained for at least one week.
      Timely surgical decompression is necessary when the ICP stays above 20 mm Hg, the
      GCS score drops below 10, and repeat CT scan indicates progress of the mass
      effect.

PMID- 3380238
TI  - [Brain death and intraocular pressure].
AB  - The article reports on the changing behaviour of the intraocular pressure of 20
      patients who had a severe head injury. Eight patients survived; in this group
      intraocular pressure was always normal. Twelve patients developed brain death,
      and in contrast to the group of survivors all of them had intraocular
      hypotension. Papilloedema was never seen in funduscopic examinations; however, we
      found signs of fundus ischaemia in most patients who had died of brain death.

PMID- 3380239
TI  - The feasibility of low dose barbiturate administration by intra-carotid infusion
      to achieve EEG burst suppression--a preliminary report.
AB  - More than 10 years have elapsed since the introduction of high dose barbiturate
      administration in the management of patients with severe head injuries.
      Barbiturate therapy became an accepted method of treatment for increased
      intracranial pressure when other measures fail. One of the major limiting factors
      in the use of high dose barbiturate therapy is its significant hypotensive effect
      on the systemic arterial blood pressure. In seeking ways and means of minimising
      this hypotensive effect, we designed a study in which the systemic administration
      of barbiturates is avoided and replaced by selective perfusion of the concerned
      hemisphere with the drug utilising the intra-carotid route. Twenty-two rats,
      divided into two groups, were used in the study. Since monitoring of
      electroencephalographic (EEG) burst suppression serves as a good indicator of the
      lowest level of cerebral metabolic activity, we used this as the method for
      determining the desired endpoint of sodium amytal administration in both groups
      of animals. Group I, the intravenous group, consisted of eleven animals who
      received sodium amytal intravenously until burst suppression on the EEG was
      documented. Group II, the intra-carotid group, comprised eleven animals who
      received intra-carotid sodium amytal until EEG burst suppression was induced. In
      the intravenous group, a mean dose of 35 mg/kg of sodium amytal was administered
      before EEG burst suppression was achieved. This dose, however, was accompanied by
      an almost 50% reduction in systemic blood pressure compared to the pretreatment
      level. The intra-carotid group required a mean dose of 3.8 mg/kg sodium amytal
      and this was accompanied by only minor changes in systemic arterial
      pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380240
TI  - [A new model for producing occlusive hydrocephalus in animal experiments].
AB  - Production of hydrocephalus in animal experiment has been difficult and not
      uniformly successful so far. The preparation Ethibloc (supplied by Ethicon,
      Hamburg-Norderstedt), which is a protein solution in alcohol, and which has been
      in use in abdominal surgery for occluding the pancreatic duct system, enables
      production of an obstructive hydrocephalus easily and with reproducible results.
      The authors report on 24 cases of development of an obstructive hydrocephalus in
      rabbits after Ethibloc had been introduced into the ventricular system.

PMID- 3380241
TI  - [Possibilities of using 3-dimensional computerized tomography for the spine].
AB  - A new computer programme that produces 3D reconstructions from sets of contiguous
      axial CT scans was used in evaluating a variety of spinal problems. The 3D images
      were easily correlated with plain radiographs and new views of high quality were
      obtained. Case reports illustrate the uniqueness of this perspective and its
      value in conveying new information to nonradiologist physicians who are
      unaccustomed to evaluating the numerous images of standard CT scans.

PMID- 3380242
TI  - Treatment of severe traumatic lesions of the dorsolumbar spine using Roy
      Camille's apparatus. A clinical study of 121 cases together with technical
      considerations.
AB  - The authors report 121 cases of surgically treated severe lesions of the
      dorsolumbar spine. One single technique has been used: posterior osteosynthesis
      using Roy-Camille's plates.

PMID- 3380243
TI  - [Persistent nerve root compression symptoms following lumbar intervertebral disk
      operation caused by spinal neurofibrosarcoma].
AB  - Case history of a woman who was operated on a lumbar disc. After a mild
      improvement again radicular pain and neurological deterioration occurred and a
      second operation on a recurrence was performed. Intraoperatively a malignant
      tumour (neurofibrosarcoma) within the root sheath reaching into the pelvis was
      found. In spite of laparatomy and radiotherapy this patient died five months
      later.

PMID- 3380244
TI  - A harvest of confusing results: the depressing outcome of two decades of research
      on aging and the neurobiology of depression.
AB  - This comprehensive review of the literature on Aging and the Neurobiology of
      Depression points to what may be the most important lesson we have to learn these
      days. It shows us how after expending scientific efforts, funds and other
      resources for over two decades on premier quality research by highly qualified
      investigators we can still remain ignorant of the Neurobiology of Depression, to
      say nothing of the effects of Aging either superimposed or interactive.

PMID- 3380245
TI  - The neurobiology of aging and the neurobiology of depression: is there a
      relationship?
AB  - The relationship between the biology of aging and the biology of affective
      disorders remains obscure, largely for two reasons. First, and most important, is
      the equivocal nature of the data that indicates that increasing age predisposes
      an individual to episodes of major depression. Second, is the lack of tools to
      assess neurotransmitter turnover and availability in humans. Indirect measures
      such as neuroendocrine function tests, platelet, plasma and CSF studies contain
      too many confounding factors, to allow for adequate testing of neurochemical
      hypotheses. Development of novel approaches based on dynamic brain imaging
      methods may ameliorate these shortcomings.

PMID- 3380246
TI  - Commentary on review by Veith and Raskind: the many faces of depression.
AB  - A range of different dysphoric symptomologies are subsumed under the general
      diagnostic label of depression. This may lead to problems with inter-laboratory
      reliability when reporting results of depression research. A partial list of a
      variety of "unhappiness" is submitted to encourage rigor of definitions and to
      stimulate discussion. Comments are made concerning the difficulty in drawing
      definitive conclusions about the possible influence of normal aging on CNS
      disturbances underlying depression. Also, the need is reinforced for in vivo
      baseline studies of the human nervous system as well as for creative
      experimentation using a variety of species. Finally, a plea is made for more
      openness and cooperation in the neurosciences regarding research activities and
      findings.

PMID- 3380247
TI  - Depression through the ages.
AB  - This commentary praises the authors' substantial achievement in their review of
      the controversial area of biological modeling in depression. While definitive
      conclusions are as of yet impractical, particularly in reference to the
      multifaceted but largely uncharted relationship between aging and depression,
      students of the field will be well served to have this review as one of their
      starting points.

PMID- 3380248
TI  - Transplantation into the mammalian CNS: a meeting report on the sixth Schmitt
      neurological sciences symposium.

PMID- 3380249
TI  - Changes in eating in dementia.
AB  - Changes in eating and weight are not uncommon in dementia although they have yet
      to be systematically studied. These changes are of clinical importance since they
      can seriously affect patients' physical health and they are often a major problem
      for carers. These changes are also of theoretical interest since certain
      abnormalities may be a direct expression of specific brain pathology. Studying
      these changes in eating and weight may therefore further our understanding of
      certain of the pathological processes underlying dementia and suggest new
      approaches to the management of these problems.

PMID- 3380250
TI  - On the possible relationship of cortical microvascular pathology to blood brain
      barrier changes in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - A group of alterations in the structure of cortical microvessels is described in
      the brain tissue of neuropathologically confirmed patients with Alzheimer's
      disease. These changes include irregular thickening of the vessel walls,
      infiltration with amyloid and the serum P component of amyloid, loss of the
      perivascular neural plexus and the frequent occurrence of pits and lacunae in
      vessel walls. The possibility that these alterations may be related to blood
      brain barrier defects is suggested.

PMID- 3380251
TI  - The blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging.

PMID- 3380252
TI  - Does the brain's gatekeeper falter in aging?
AB  - The brain's gatekeeper, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), may undergo pathologic
      changes associated with the aging process. Substrate transport through the brain
      capillary endothelium, which makes up the BBB in vivo, is controlled by dynamic
      inputs from three other cells (astrocyte, pericyte, and neuron) that form direct
      physical contacts with the capillary endothelium. Thus, aging-related changes in
      any of these three cells may cause abnormalities in blood-brain barrier transport
      in the aged brain or in Alzheimer's disease.

PMID- 3380253
TI  - Blood brain barrier in ageing and Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - A blood-brain barrier deficit may play a role in age-related deterioration and
      neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Strategies for testing
      this hypothesis by investigating the structure, barrier and transport functions
      of brain capillary endothelium are described and discussed.

PMID- 3380254
TI  - Peptides and the senescent blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Peptides can influence numerous systems known to be altered by aging. They can
      affect the passage of non-peptide substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
      and themselves can cross by both saturable and non-saturable transport
      mechanisms. The passage of peptides across the BBB is influenced by numerous
      physiological and pathological events, including aging. Taken together, the
      evidence suggests that alterations in peptide/BBB interactions may play a
      significant role in senescence.

PMID- 3380256
TI  - Some comments on the "Effect of aging on the blood-brain barrier".

PMID- 3380255
TI  - Effect of acute arecoline, tacrine and arecoline + tacrine post-training
      administration on retention in old mice.
AB  - The amnesias characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other age-related
      dementias are refractory to conventional pharmacotherapy. A recent treatment
      strategy is to combine drugs to improve their memory enhancing effect. We
      previously reported that in young weakly trained mice, the combination of
      arecoline and tacrine was more effective on a mg/kg basis than either drug
      administered alone. This was true whether the route of administration was
      intracerebroventricular, subcutaneous or oral. We now report that 24 month old
      mice trained to avoid footshock in a T-maze show poor retention when tested one
      week later. Subcutaneous administration of arecoline, tacrine (also referred to
      as tetrahydroaminoacridine, THA) and arecoline plus tacrine administered
      immediately after T-maze footshock avoidance training enhanced retention of 24
      month old mice compared to the saline-injected control. Since the combination was
      as effective as the single drug treatments even though 96% less arecoline and
      99.7% less tacrine was administered, the combination showed marked potentiation
      of drug action of memory processing.

PMID- 3380257
TI  - Modulation of adrenergic receptors during aging.
AB  - In aging there is not only a reduced density of adrenergic receptors but also a
      reduced capacity to adapt these receptors to a changing neuronal input or
      hormonal environment. A reduced density of receptors presumably would result in a
      decreased ability of aged individuals to respond to stimulation of these
      receptors, and a reduced ability to modulate these receptors would result in a
      decreased capacity to adapt their responses to a changing internal or external
      environment. Future studies should be directed at the genomic mechanisms that
      control receptor synthesis.

PMID- 3380258
TI  - Age changes in adrenergic and dopaminergic signal transduction mechanisms:
      parallels and contrasts.
AB  - Age changes in signal transduction exhibit some interesting similarities in the
      adrenergic and dopaminergic systems of the brain. Although several differences
      exist with respect to current technical capabilities and characterization of
      complete signal-response pathways at the organismic level, these systems offer
      promising models for complimentary elucidation of the mechanisms of altered
      neurotransmitter action during aging.

PMID- 3380259
TI  - Cognition in Alzheimer's disease: theoretic models and clinical implications.
AB  - Riege and Metter review studies of cognitive functioning in probable Alzheimer's
      disease (pAD), representative of three distinguishable models: severity or
      staging, heterogeneity or subtyping, and information processing. As Riege and
      Metter point out, apparent differences in both disease description and
      implications for diagnostic assessment are dependent upon the model employed. The
      present commentary examines clinical and research implications derived from
      consideration of interactions between these three models, drawing upon recent
      cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of information processing in pAD.

PMID- 3380260
TI  - Beyond measurement: the pattern is the thing.
AB  - Perhaps cognitive and brain imaging measures have been pushed almost as far as
      they can go in helping diagnose or understand AD. Their value may increase with
      the development of better models of the disease and the addition of new types of
      measurements to the armamentarium (e.g., eye-tracking, olfactory, and
      dermatoglyphic evaluations). Together they may lead to a more precise definition
      of the "AD pattern."

PMID- 3380261
TI  - [Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in patients with ischemic stroke].
AB  - Urinary excretion of total hydroxyproline being an indicator of the metabolism of
      systemic collagen was determined in 104 patients with ischaemic stroke and in 45
      controls. The determinations were done by the method of Prockop-Udenfried in the
      urine of patients after 2 days on a non-collagen diet. Increased excretion of
      hydroxyproline was found in the subgroup of patients with high-grade paresis or
      paralysis, while in the subgroup with mild paresis these results were normal. The
      excretion of hydroxyproline in patients with severe paralysis increased during 3
      60 days after stroke and then decreased in the period from 60 days to 5 years.

PMID- 3380262
TI  - [Evaluation of the smooth pursuit test in patients with damaged cerebellar
      hemispheres].
AB  - The study was carried out in 52 patients in whom neurosurgical operations had
      been performed for tumours in the cerebellar hemispheres. The smooth following
      test was done by the typical pendulum test and gonioscope. It was found that
      disturbances of smooth following were very frequent in cases of cerebellar
      hemispheric damage. Abnormal records of the curves were obtained in 78% of cases
      in the typical pendulum test and in 96% of cases in the smooth following test in
      which the movements of a light spot were followed using a gonioscope.

PMID- 3380263
TI  - [Use of discourse analysis for evaluation of the condition of patients with
      dementia of the Alzheimer type].
AB  - The study was concerned with the ability to discourse in a group of 10 patients
      with minor or moderately severe disturbances in Alzheimer disease and in a
      control group of healthy subjects. The aim the study was to answer the question
      whether patients with this disease have language deficits, and if they have, then
      at what level they appear and what is their influence on the communication
      ability. The experimental task included production of a narrative and a
      procedural discourse. The results were analysed from the standpoint of grammar of
      clauses and their informative contents. The analysis showed that the patients had
      no deficit in respect to the extent of the discourse, its complexity and grammar
      correctness. However, errors were found in the contents of the discourse. In
      particular, the discourse of the patients had a greater number of irrelevant and
      incorrect propositions. The possible explanation of the demonstrated deficit
      pattern is discussed stressing the importance of progmatic and cognitive factors.
      The conclusion is that language disorders in these patients should not be
      regarded as a type of aphasia.

PMID- 3380264
TI  - [The stiff-man syndrome in a patient with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3380265
TI  - [Diagnosis of syringomyelia by using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance
      (NMR)].
AB  - On the basis of own observation from many years and a literature survey the
      authors discuss the diagnostic difficulties in syringomyelia in the light of the
      images obtained by conventional radiological techniques. The introduction of CT
      extended greatly the effectiveness of syringomyelia diagnosis. However, the best
      results in the diagnosis of the pathological lesions in syringomyelia are
      obtained using the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance.

PMID- 3380266
TI  - [Clinical, electroencephalographic and cerebral computerized-tomographic findings
      in patients with ischemic stroke].
AB  - The clinical findings, EEG and CT examinations of the brain were compared at
      three time intervals in patients with ischaemic stroke. No evident correlation
      was found between the intensity of clinical signs, the intensity of EEG changes
      and the size of the ischaemic focus in the CT. It was observed that with
      increasing time interval after the onset of the disease the clinical state and
      EEG changes improved while the CT image was not changed or even became worse. In
      the observations a greater tendency clinical for improvement was found in the
      group of cases of lesions in the left parietal lobe than in those with lesions in
      the right parietal lobe. Another observation was that patients with ischaemic
      focus developing in brain with evidence of atrophy in CT had a much lower
      tendency for clinical improvement than those without brain atrophy.

PMID- 3380267
TI  - [3 cases of intracranial foreign bodies].

PMID- 3380268
TI  - [Inappropriate ADH syndrome in a patient with acute intermittent porphyria].
AB  - A case acute intermittent porphyria is described in which the inappropriate
      antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome developed masked by rapidly increasing
      sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

PMID- 3380269
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in a case of adrenoleukodystrophy].
AB  - A case of adrenoleukodystrophy is reported in which the diagnosis was possible
      only after electron microscopic examination in view of absence of clinical signs
      of adrenocortical failure.

PMID- 3380270
TI  - [A case of severe reversible traumatic angiogenic brain stem damage with
      metabolic disorders].
AB  - A case of brain stem injury of vascular and traumatic origin, complicated with
      metabolic disturbances and with finally achieved cure is described.

PMID- 3380271
TI  - Analysis of cervical spine curvature in patients with cervical spondylosis.
AB  - Computer-aided design techniques were used to analyze the degree of spinal
      curvature shown on cervical spine radiograms of 28 patients. On films
      standardized as to size, a geometrical chord was constructed from the 2nd to the
      7th cervical vertebrae (C2 to C7), and an arc was drawn along the posterior
      margin of the vertebrae. The resulting area was used as an index of curvature,
      and the spinal canal diameter was measured. Severity of myelopathy as well as
      clinical improvement was related to the geometrical data. There was no clear
      correlation between severity of the preoperative myelopathy and degree of
      curvature. Severe myelopathy was seen in association with straight, lordotic, and
      hyperlordotic spines. Neck pain was most severe in patients with reversed
      cervical curvature. The degree of curvature, however, seems to relate to the
      postoperative clinical outcome. Patients with relatively normal curvature showed
      the greatest improvement in symptoms and signs. Postoperative magnetic resonance
      scanning confirms that posterior migration of the spinal cord after laminectomy
      may be inadequate to clear osteophytes in patients with straightened or reversed
      curvature of the cervical spine. Spinal geometry should be considered in the
      selection of the best surgical procedure and the extent of laminectomy for
      patients with spondylotic myelopathy. Significant abnormalities of spinal
      curvature may account for some instances of poor outcome after laminectomy.

PMID- 3380272
TI  - Comparison of stability provided to the unstable spine by the kinetic therapy
      table and the Stryker frame.
AB  - Loss of spinal alignment can lead to neurological compromise in individuals with
      unstable spine injuries. We compared the ability of the Roto-Rest bed and the
      Stryker frame to immobilize an unstable cervical and lumbar segment in a cadaver.
      The Roto-Rest bed was superior to the Stryker frame in the immobilization of both
      cervical and lumbar fractures.

PMID- 3380273
TI  - Noncortical origins of the spinal motor evoked potential in rats.
AB  - Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the spinal cord, sciatic nerve,
      or both during transcortical electrical stimulation in the rat. Four peaks could
      be consistently identified in the spinal MEP. The latency and amplitude of the
      peaks varied differentially with intensity and polarity of stimulation.
      Conduction velocity for Peak 1 of the MEP was 43 m/sec. Bilateral sciatic nerve
      MEPs were present after unilateral cortical stimulation. The spinal MEP was
      elicited by stimulation of areas outside the motor cortex, and the response
      persisted during subcortical stimulation and after motor cortex ablation. We
      present evidence suggesting that components of the spinal MEP in rats arise from
      pathways outside the motor cortex.

PMID- 3380274
TI  - How long does it take to recover from a mild concussion?
AB  - Twenty-two adults with mild concussions were assessed 5 times during the first 3
      months after injury. The initial tests were performed within 72 hours of injury.
      Each evaluation included a neurological examination and neuropsychological
      reaction time (RT) tests of simple and choice RT variations. The concussed
      subjects were compared with control subjects matched for age, sex, and education.
      The time of day of the testing was equated for the two groups. None of the
      concussed subjects had a significant neurological deficit and none was
      hospitalized. There was no significant difference in the number of errors by the
      two groups on the RT tests. On the simple RT test, requiring a predetermined
      response to a specific signal, there was no significant difference between the
      groups, although the concussed group was approximately 28 ms slower on the
      average than the control group. On the choice RT tests, however, which demand an
      increased amount of attention and information processing, the concussed subjects
      were significantly slower than the normal control group, especially during the
      1st month after injury. Even after 3 months, the concussed subjects had not yet
      attained the skill of the control group. Analysis of the response curves over
      time suggested two processes: an improvement in the concussed group and a slowing
      in the control group. Within the concussed group, there was no correlation of RT
      with the severity of the concussion. Even mild concussions can cause significant
      attentional and information processing impairment in the absence of any apparent
      neurological problems. Specific neuropsychological tests are necessary to reveal
      the deficit. A significant impairment seems to last for several weeks.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380275
TI  - Factors influencing posttraumatic seizures in children.
AB  - The ideal treatment of children with head trauma would include prevention of
      posttraumatic seizures. Ninety-two of 937 children with head injuries (9.8%)
      experienced posttraumatic seizures. In 94.5% of these patients (87 of 92),
      seizures developed within the first 24 hours after injury. Three children
      convulsed between 24 hours and 7 days, but only 2 children developed seizures
      after the 1st week. Factors found to influence the likelihood of seizures
      included severe head injury (GCS, 3 to 8), diffuse cerebral edema, and acute
      subdural hematoma (P less than 0.001). Seizures occurred in 35% of severely head
      injured children compared to 5.1% with minor head injury (P less than 0.001). A
      less significant correlation (P less than 0.1) was noted between seizures and
      open, depressed skull fractures. We found no significant correlation between
      seizure occurrence and numerous other factors including age, sex, fracture
      location and type (other than open, depressed fractures), parenchymal injuries,
      fixed neurological deficits, and cranial operation. Based on our observations, we
      recommend the prophylactic use of anticonvulsants in children at higher risk for
      posttraumatic seizures: those with diffuse cerebral edema, acute subdural
      hematoma, open, depressed skull fracture with parenchymal damage, or severe head
      injury (GCS less than or equal to 8).

PMID- 3380276
TI  - Origin of organisms infecting ventricular shunts.
AB  - Results of skin cultures obtained before 413 of 505 operations for cerebrospinal
      fluid-diverting ventricular shunt placement or revision in a pediatric population
      from April 1980 to May 1983 are analyzed and compared to results of cultures from
      20 subsequent shunt infections. Sensitivities to 11 different antibiotics were
      determined for each isolate cultured. The total operative infection rate was 20
      of 505 (4%). Gram-negative bacilli alone accounted for 3 of 20 (15%) shunt
      infections. One gram-negative bacillus/Staphylococcus aureus infection occurred.
      Factors predisposing for gram-negative bacillus shunt infection were found in all
      4 cases. The majority of shunt infections were caused by typical resident skin
      organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis alone, 9/20 (45%); Staphylococcus aureus
      alone, 4/20 (20%); Corynebacterium sp., 1/20 (5%); alpha-Streptococcus with S.
      epidermidis, 1/20 (5%); and Micrococcus with S. epidermidis, 1/20 (5%). Only 4
      (20%) of the 20 shunt infections were due to organisms identical to those
      originally grown from the skin. Another 4 (20%) seemed to be infected with a
      strain of organism different from that initially recovered from the skin. The
      remaining skin organism shunt infections may or may not have come from the
      patient's skin. The data suggest that not all skin organism shunt infections
      arise from contamination by resident skin bacteria at the incision sites at the
      time of operation. Alternate sources for the infecting organisms are discussed.
      The antibiotic sensitivity data on skin isolates and shunt isolates suggest that
      vancomycin is the antibiotic best suited for prophylaxis against shunt infection
      at our institution.

PMID- 3380277
TI  - Pre- and postoperative changes in brain tissue surrounding a meningioma.
AB  - A retrospective study in 33 patients with intracranial meningioma demonstrates
      that two pathological mechanisms are involved in causing a hypodense area around
      the actual tumor: pressure-induced atrophy that persists after operation and true
      cerebral edema of unclear cause. The extent of the hypodense area is not related
      to tumor location or tumor size. A relationship between meningioma with a
      malignant tendency and the hemispheric spread of hypodensity can be observed.

PMID- 3380279
TI  - Ten-year follow-up on the performance of a telemetric intracranial pressure
      sensor.
AB  - A permanently implanted epidural sensor has permitted long term telemetric
      intracranial pressure monitoring in selected neurosurgical patients. The sensor,
      consisting only of an inductance and a pressure-sensitive capacitance, has been
      implanted in 127 patients. Of these 127 patients, 13 have continued to have the
      sensor in place for 4 to 9 years (average, 6.8 +/- 0.44 years). The remaining
      patients were lost to follow-up or the sensor was removed. The sensor has been
      evaluated from the standpoint of accuracy, longevity, safety, and stability.
      Longevity was proven by successful monitoring over periods of years (in 1
      patient, at least 9 years). The sensor has been a safe tool; the only morbidity
      has been two asymptomatic perisensor blood clots in 2 patients. There have been
      no infections in any of the 127 cases. The stability of the sensor was evaluated
      by measuring base line drift over time. This rate was 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm H2O/day.
      Causes of the drift and possible solutions are discussed, and the sensor is
      compared to other epidural telemetric monitoring systems.

PMID- 3380278
TI  - Factors possibly influencing the prognosis of oligodendroglioma.
AB  - Fifty-seven cases of oligodendroglioma (including eight cases of malignant
      oligodendroglioma) treated at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1961 and
      1985 were analyzed for factors influencing the survival rate. Factors related to
      a poor outcome were findings of malignancy and symptoms of dementia. Survival
      rate and postoperative survival period were not influenced significantly by
      radiation therapy, extent of resection, tumor characteristics, or ABO blood
      groups.

PMID- 3380281
TI  - Successful surgical and anesthetic management of vein of Galen aneurysm in a
      neonate in congestive heart failure.
AB  - A 12-day-old infant in intractable cardiac failure due to a vein of Galen
      malformation was treated successfully with serial ligation of the majority of the
      vessels feeding the malformation. Despite some residual vascular supply to the
      malformation, the congestive heart failure has disappeared and growth and
      development have been normal over a 3-year follow-up period.

PMID- 3380280
TI  - The paraclinoid carotid artery: anatomical aspects of a microneurosurgical
      approach.
AB  - The paraclinoid area is investigated anatomically for possible microneurosurgical
      approaches to the C3 segment of the internal carotid artery and to structures in
      the vicinity of the anterior siphon knee. Removal of the anterior clinoid process
      reveals a tight connective tissue ring that fixes the internal carotid artery to
      the surrounding osseous structures at the point of its transdural passage.
      Transection of this fibrous ring opens a microsurgical pathway to the carotid C3
      segment. The artery is surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer that allows
      blunt preparation along the C3 segment, without compromising the cranial nerves
      and without damaging venous compartments of the cavernous sinus. This approach
      provides neurosurgical access to paraclinoidal aneurysms, to partly
      intracavernous aneurysms, and to carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms, allowing control
      of the proximal aneurysm neck and of the parent artery itself. In cases of tumors
      involving the medial sphenoid ridge, the apex of the orbit, or the cavernous
      sinus, the pericarotid connective tissue can serve as a guide layer for access
      along the internal carotid artery.

PMID- 3380282
TI  - Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas without communication between the hematoma
      cavities: treatment with unilateral subdural-peritoneal shunt.
AB  - Communication between bilateral subdural hematoma cavities was not demonstrated
      by metrizamide computed tomography subdurography in three patients with bilateral
      chronic subdural hematomas. Because unilateral subdural tapping yielded a slack
      fontanel without untoward neurological findings, patients were treated by the
      placement of unilateral subdural-peritoneal shunts, resulting in resolution of
      the bilateral hematomas.

PMID- 3380283
TI  - Improvement in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral vasoreactivity after
      extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with xenon-133 inhalation single photon
      emission computed tomography in a patient who developed a neurological deficit
      after carotid ligation. Hemispheric hypoperfusion was noted in resting studies
      and impaired vasoreactivity was suggested by lack of symmetrical flow
      augmentation after acetazolamide administration. Because of progressive
      neurological deterioration, an extracranial-intracranial bypass was performed.
      After prompt neurological improvement, repeat cerebral blood flow measurements at
      1 and 9 weeks postoperatively confirmed improvement in resting flow and
      vasoreactivity. It is possible that decreased cerebrovascular reserve implied by
      measurements of vasoreactivity can identify patients who will benefit from
      surgical revascularization.

PMID- 3380284
TI  - Tandem bypass: occipital artery to posterior inferior cerebellar artery side-to
      side anastomosis and occipital artery to anterior inferior cerebellar artery end
      to-side anastomosis--a case report.
AB  - A unique example of posterior fossa revascularization is presented. A tandem
      bypass was performed by anastomosing the midoccipital artery to the posterior
      inferior cerebellar artery in a side-to-side fashion followed by anastomosis of
      the distal occipital artery to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in an end
      to-side fashion. The operation was designed to revascularize two separate
      vascular territories that were isolated in a patient thought to have an extremely
      compromised posterior circulation. The patient is doing well and is asymptomatic
      3 years postoperatively.

PMID- 3380285
TI  - Cerebral malignant tumors with ependymal and choroidal differentiation in two
      siblings.
AB  - Two siblings in a family without a history of phacomatosis or cerebral tumors
      developed malignant tumors in the posterior fossa at age 28 months and in the
      left cerebral hemisphere at age 15 months, respectively. Dual ependymal and
      choroid plexus epithelium differentiation was established by histological,
      ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical studies. The development of this rare
      tumor in siblings suggests an inherited predisposition, a common environmental
      insult, or both.

PMID- 3380286
TI  - Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis: clinical, radiological, and magnetic resonance
      imaging characterization.
AB  - Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis is a rare nonneoplastic cause of a pituitary mass.
      We report the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with complaints of
      headaches and visual disturbances after an otherwise uncomplicated pregnancy and
      delivery. She had an elevated serum prolactin level and a pituitary mass
      visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tissue removed by
      transsphenoidal resection was an inflammatory mass composed of lymphocytes,
      plasma cells, and moderate fibrosis surrounding islands of hyperplastic
      lactotrophs. This is the first case of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis visualized
      by MRI. As in this case, lymphocytic adenohypophysitis is frequently confused
      with a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor before operation and pathological
      examination of the tissue. The clinical characteristics and radiological features
      of and an approach to managing patients with lymphocytic adenohypophysitis are
      reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 3380287
TI  - Myelopathy after the intrathecal administration of hypertonic saline.
AB  - The neuropathological effects of intrathecally administered hypertonic saline
      have not been described previously. We report a patient who, within a day of
      receiving 20 ml of hypertonic (7.5%) saline intrathecally, developed flaccid
      paraplegia and complete sensory loss below the umbilicus. Subsequently, there was
      some transitory return of motor and coarse sensory function. The patient died 16
      months after the injection. At autopsy, there was peripherally accentuated loss
      of myelinated fibers within the spinal cord from T12 downward, as well as dense
      collagenous thickening of the dorsal leptomeninges from T9 to T11. The findings
      in this case, coupled with observations made by others, serve to emphasize the
      need for extreme caution whenever planning any form of intrathecal therapy.

PMID- 3380289
TI  - Malignant recurrence of childhood cerebellar astrocytoma.

PMID- 3380288
TI  - The low incidence of cerebral aneurysms in the Middle East: is it a myth?
AB  - It is common belief that there is a relatively low incidence of cerebral aneurysm
      in the Middle East; however, there are neither routine autopsy studies nor
      reliable public health data to confirm this impression. We analyzed the clinical
      data of all patients admitted with a diagnosis of nontraumatic subarachnoid
      hemorrhage to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital, a modern tertiary medical
      center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These data were compared with reports from other
      countries. Although environmental or inherited factors may predispose to a lower
      incidence of intracranial aneurysm in the Middle East, the true incidence is
      higher and is not apparent because of the previous referral system for medical
      care. Medical facilities and expertise are rapidly improving, and future studies
      undoubtedly will show a higher incidence of intracranial aneurysm.

PMID- 3380290
TI  - U.S.-trained Japanese neurosurgeons.

PMID- 3380291
TI  - Intraspinal tumor with hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3380293
TI  - Hypertrophic synovitis of the lumbar facet joint.

PMID- 3380292
TI  - Suspension laminotomy.

PMID- 3380294
TI  - A comparison of the localization of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate
      decarboxylase immunoreactivity in rat cerebral cortex.
AB  - The neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzymes choline acetyltransferase and glutamate
      decarboxylase were localized immunocytochemically at the light microscopic level.
      Their respective laminar distributions were compared in 17 different
      cytoarchitectural areas, comprising limbic and neocortical regions of rat
      cerebral cortex. The immunoreactive intensities within these areas were measured
      with an image analysis system and dark-field optics. Choline acetyltransferase
      and glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity displayed distinctive distribution
      patterns throughout the cerebrum. In general, limbic cortex showed greater
      intensity of both choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase
      immunoreactivity than neocortex. For example, choline acetyltransferase
      immunoreactivity in pyriform and retrosplenial cortex was 54% and 29% greater,
      respectively, than in neocortex, and glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in
      the same cortical areas was 5% and 17% greater, respectively. In addition to
      these regional differences, the marked variations of choline acetyltransferase
      and glutamate decarboxylase immunostaining were characterized as either
      coincidental or complementary when comparing their laminar distributions. The
      laminar pattern and relative intensities of choline acetyltransferase and
      glutamate decarboxylase immunostaining were coincident in some layers of all
      cortical regions. For example, both choline acetyltransferase and glutamate
      decarboxylase immunoreactive intensities were high in cellular layers II and IV
      of the entorhinal cortex. In contrast, examples of complementary choline
      acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactive patterns were
      observed in retrosplenial cortex and neocortex. In neocortex, layers III and part
      of V were intensely glutamate decarboxylase-positive, whereas these same layers
      were less intensely choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive than the intervening
      layer IV and upper part of V. Quantitatively, choline acetyltransferase
      immunoreactivity in layers IV and upper V was 27-37% greater than adjacent layers
      II and deep V. The glutamate decarboxylase immunostaining pattern was
      complementary in that layer IV was 19-23% less intensely stained than adjacent
      layers III and V. Our results demonstrate that terminals immunoreactive for
      choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase, and presumably the
      synaptic terminals that respectively use acetylcholine or gamma-aminobutyric acid
      as their neurotransmitters, are distributed in distinct laminar patterns that are
      strategically situated for modulating either afferent information in the case of
      cholinergic terminals or efferent transmission for GABAergic endings.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3380295
TI  - Afferent projections to the dorsal thalamus of the rat as shown by retrograde
      lectin transport--I. The mediodorsal nucleus.
AB  - The topography of afferent projections to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the
      rat has been studied using the retrograde transport of unconjugated wheat germ
      agglutinin as identified by immunocytochemistry. Inputs were defined according to
      the lateral, central or medial segments of the nucleus injected, and controlled
      by additional injections into the habenula, central medial and paraventricular
      nuclei of the thalamus. Cortical afferents to the lateral segment arose from
      anterior cingulate and prelimbic areas on the medial surface of the hemisphere,
      those to the central segment arose mainly from ventral orbital area, whilst those
      to the medial segment arose from the infra-limbic and agranular insular areas.
      This strict cortical topography was matched by the organization of afferents from
      the reticular thalamic nucleus; i.e. lateral, intermediate and medial reticular
      neurons from the rostral nucleus projected to lateral, central and medial
      segments of the mediodorsal thalamus respectively. In the basal forebrain ventral
      pallidum projected only to the medial segment, whilst magnocellular preoptic
      region projected only to the central segment. Lateral preoptic area projected to
      lateral and central segments and the diagonal band mainly to central segment.
      Projections from substantia innominata were found regardless of the area of
      mediodorsal nucleus injected. The paraventricular nucleus of thalamus, lateral
      habenula and substantia nigra reticulata projected to the lateral segment only,
      whilst central gray projected only to the medial segment. Projections from
      amygdala (mainly basolateral and central nucleus) were found only following
      central and medial segment injections. All regions of the mediodorsal nucleus
      injected received input from the lateral hypothalamus, the ventral tegmental area
      and the dorsal tegmental gray. The results are discussed and particular emphasis
      is placed on the possible functions of the thalamocortical connections and the
      role of the reticular thalamic nucleus as a potential regulator of
      thalamocortical activity.

PMID- 3380296
TI  - Changes in the distribution of synapses during growth: a quantitative
      morphological study of the neuromuscular system of fishes.
AB  - The distribution of synaptic sites on multiply innervated muscle fibres was
      analysed in four teleost fish species (zebrafish, trout, goldfish and
      stickleback), using acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. Fishes were chosen for
      this study rather than other vertebrates because of their long period of growth
      and continuous increase of muscle fibre size. We found that length and diameter
      of the fibres increase linearly with fish length but that the distance between
      synaptic sites increases only as the square root of the fish length and of muscle
      fibre size. This is explained functionally in connection with the increase of the
      space constant of a muscle fibre that is expected to accompany the increase of
      its diameter. We suggest that the change in the synaptic distribution is caused
      by factors associated with the increasingly wider spread of postsynaptic
      potentials along the growing fibres, as the intersynaptic distance was found to
      correlate more strongly with fibre size than with other factors, such as age,
      speed of growth and genetical background.

PMID- 3380297
TI  - The ultrastructural distribution of putative nicotinic receptors on cultured
      neurons from the rat superior cervical ganglion.
AB  - The distribution of putative nicotinic receptors on cultured neurons from the rat
      superior cervical ganglion was determined by electron microscopic autoradiography
      using a radioactively labeled snake venom neurotoxin, toxin F. In a previous
      study, we demonstrated that toxin F blocks nicotinic transmission in these
      cultures of sympathetic neurons and in intact superior cervical ganglia.
      [125I]toxin F bound to two sites in these cultures: one site that was also
      recognized by the neuromuscular blocker, alpha-bungarotoxin, and a second site
      that was not. Since alpha-bungarotoxin neither blocks nicotinic transmission nor
      prevents the blocking effects of toxin F, the site specific to the binding of
      toxin F most probably represents neuronal nicotinic receptors. The total number
      of each of the toxin F binding sites was unaffected by culture conditions that
      are known to influence the extent to which these sympathetic neurons synthesize
      norepinephrine or acetylcholine. Autoradiographic analysis performed under
      saturating binding conditions (80 nM [125I]toxin F) revealed that the density of
      [125I]toxin F binding at synaptic membranes was about 5000 sites/micron 2, either
      in the absence of any competing ligand or in the presence of 2 microM alpha
      bungarotoxin. In the presence of 2 microM unlabeled toxin F, there was no
      detectable binding at synapses. The density of these toxin F-specific sites was
      at least 80-fold higher at synaptic membranes than elsewhere. On the other hand,
      the data suggest that the toxin F binding site shared with alpha-bungarotoxin is
      exclusively extrasynaptic. Two micromolar alpha-bungarotoxin decreased the
      density of [125I]toxin F binding at non-synaptic sites by approximately two
      thirds. These experiments support the hypothesis that toxin F blocks cholinergic
      transmission in cultures of sympathetic neurons by binding to nicotinic receptors
      and suggests that these receptors are highly clustered at synaptic membranes.

PMID- 3380298
TI  - Autoradiographic localization and characterization of [125I]lysergic acid
      diethylamide binding to serotonin receptors in Aplysia.
AB  - The sensitive serotonergic radioligand 2-[125I]lysergic acid diethylamide was
      used to study the distribution and pharmacological binding properties of
      serotonin receptors in Aplysia californica. The high specific activity of this
      radioligand allowed us to develop a methodology for the investigation of receptor
      binding properties and receptor distribution in a single ganglion. [125I]Lysergic
      acid diethylamide labels a population of high-affinity serotonergic sites (Kd =
      0.41 nM) in Aplysia ganglia whose regional distribution matches that expected
      from previous electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies. The
      properties of [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide binding sites in Aplysia are in
      general agreement with previous studies on [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding
      in this system but these sites differ from the serotonergic receptor subtypes
      described in the mammalian brain. Guanine nucleotides were shown to modulate
      agonist but not antagonist affinity for the [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide
      binding site in Aplysia, suggesting that this site is coupled to a G-protein.
      Images of serotonin receptor distribution in the Aplysia nervous system were
      obtained from autoradiograms of [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide binding.
      Serotonin receptors in ganglia tissue sections are located primarily within the
      neuropil. In addition, a subset of neuronal soma are specifically labeled by
      [125I]lysergic acid diethylamide. These studies indicate that [125I]lysergic acid
      diethylamide binds to sites in the Aplysia nervous system which display a
      regional distribution, pharmacological binding properties and evidence of
      coupling to a G-protein consistent with labeling of a subset of functional
      serotonin receptors. In addition, the techniques used in this investigation
      provide a general approach for rapidly characterizing the pharmacological
      properties and anatomical distribution of receptor binding sites in single
      invertebrate ganglia. Individual neurons containing these receptor subtypes can
      be identified by these methods and correlated with physiological responses in the
      same cell.

PMID- 3380299
TI  - Electrophysiological demonstration of a synaptic integration of transplanted
      Purkinje cells into the cerebellum of the adult Purkinje cell degeneration mutant
      mouse.
AB  - After implantation of solid pieces of cerebellar primordia from 12-day-old C57BL
      embryos into the cerebellar parenchyma of 3- to 4-month-old "Purkinje cell
      degeneration" mutant mice, Purkinje cells from the donor leave the implant and
      differentiate while migrating into the host molecular layer. Electrophysiological
      studies were performed using in vitro cerebellar slice preparations from
      "Purkinje cell degeneration" mutants 1-2 months after grafting, when grafted
      Purkinje cells have reached their final location in the host molecular layer and
      have completed their morphological differentiation. Intracellular recordings
      obtained from 45 Purkinje cells in mutant mice demonstrated that such grafted
      neurons have normal bioelectrical properties including sodium and calcium
      conductances and inward rectification. Moreover, all grafted Purkinje cells
      responded to electrical white matter stimulation by a typical all-or-none
      climbing fiber response. Responses mediated through the activation of mossy and
      parallel fibers, as well as inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, were also
      recorded in a significant number of grafted Purkinje cells. On the whole, all
      these excitatory and inhibitory responses in grafted "Purkinje cell degeneration"
      mutant mice have characteristics comparable to those in control mice. After
      electrophysiological studies, Purkinje cells were further characterized by their
      positive staining by calbindin antibody. Neurons of this class were dispersed
      throughout the molecular layer of the host folia in which the
      electrophysiological recordings had been performed. The ectopic location of their
      perikarya, the presence of dendritic trees spanning most of the molecular layer
      (without entering the granular layer), and the occasional presence of axons
      emerging from the ectopic neurons and forming loose bundles at the white matter
      axis of the folia, corroborate the grafted nature of the Purkinje cells studied.
      Therefore, these experiments demonstrate that embryonic Purkinje cells from the
      graft can complete differentiation in the adult host cerebellum, and establish
      specific synaptic contacts with the presynaptic elements previously impinging on
      the missing neurons of "Purkinje cell degeneration" mutants. This process leads
      to a qualitative functional synaptic restoration of the cortical cerebellar
      network.

PMID- 3380300
TI  - Striatal grafts in rats with unilateral neostriatal lesions--II. In vivo
      monitoring of GABA release in globus pallidus and substantia nigra.
AB  - GABA release was recorded in vivo by push-pull perfusion from the globus pallidus
      and substantia nigra of control rats, rats with unilateral ibotenic acid lesions
      of the neostriatum, and rats with embryonic striatal tissue grafts implanted in
      the lesioned striatum. The lesions reduced baseline levels of GABA release to 5%
      of control levels in the globus pallidus and to 13% of control levels in the
      substantia nigra pars reticulata. GABA release was substantially restored in both
      the globus pallidus and substantia nigra of the grafted rats, to 34 and 60%,
      respectively. Peripheral injection of the dopaminergic stimulant methamphetamine
      induced a short (lasting approximately 20 min) 4-5 fold increase in GABA release
      in the intact globus pallidus and a longer (lasting longer than 80 min) increase
      in the substantia nigra. The stimulatory effect of methamphetamine on GABA
      release was completely abolished in both sites by the strial lesions, suggesting
      that the effect was mediated via a direct or indirect dopaminergic action on
      striatal output neurons. The grafts reinstated methamphetamine-induced
      stimulation of GABA release in striatal output targets to a level (as a
      proportion of baseline) that was similar to that seen in the control rats. The
      results support the view that activation of the dopaminergic inputs to the
      striatum is functionally excitatory on the major striatal output projections to
      the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The results also
      support the hypothesis that striatal grafts have the capacity to become
      functionally incorporated by reciprocal graft-host connections into the neural
      circuitry of the host brain.

PMID- 3380302
TI  - Measurements of dendritic conductance changes to GABA in granule cells of the rat
      dentate gyrus.
AB  - The magnitude of dendritic conductance changes occurring distantly from the
      somatic site of recording can be difficult to measure. We have used measurements
      of the neuronal time constant, tau 0, instead of the neuronal input resistance,
      RN, to estimate the resistance decrease that accompanies the depolarizing
      response of the dendrites of granule cells when GABA is applied. From the changes
      in tau 0, we estimated the reversal potential of the response and found that the
      conductance change accompanying a given GABA-mediated voltage response as
      measured at the cell body was the same regardless of where in the dendritic tree
      the drug was applied. On the other hand, RN changes underestimated the increase
      in conductance of the GABA responses in the distal dendrites and were not
      accurate for determining the reversal potential.

PMID- 3380301
TI  - Striatal grafts in rats with unilateral neostriatal lesions--III. Recovery from
      dopamine-dependent motor asymmetry and deficits in skilled paw reaching.
AB  - This study investigated the functional capacity of intrastriatal grafts of
      embryonic striatal tissue in rats with unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the
      neostriatum. The group of grafted rats was compared with lesion-alone and control
      groups for motor bias, as assessed by tests of rotation induced by dopaminergic,
      cholinergic and GABAergic drugs, and of skilled paw reaching. Unilateral striatal
      lesions induced marked ipsilateral turning to apomorphine and methamphetamine,
      which was substantially ameliorated in the grafted rats. Atropine induced similar
      rates of moderate (but non-significant) ipsilateral turning in the lesion and
      graft groups, whereas muscimol and gamma-acetylenic GABA induced no turning bias
      in any group. The lesioned rats showed a strong bias in their preference to use
      the paw ipsilateral to the lesion when reaching for food pellets, and a decline
      in reaching success with both paws. The grafts did not influence the ipsilateral
      paw preference in this task, but did provide a substantial improvement in the
      animal's reaching accuracy and ability to retrieve food with either paw. The
      results indicate that striatal grafts can provide a substantial amelioration of
      motor impairments induced by striatal lesions. Moreover they suggest that the
      graft's influence on the host brain is itself under the functional regulation of
      an afferent dopaminergic input from the host brain.

PMID- 3380303
TI  - An efferent inhibition of auditory afferents mediated by the goldfish Mauthner
      cell.
AB  - Intracellular recordings from goldfish auditory afferents revealed a
      hyperpolarization triggered by a single impulse in the Mauthner cell. The firing
      of either one of the two Mauthner cells alone was sufficient to evoke this
      potential change. The all or none hyperpolarization, which could only be recorded
      in some auditory fibers, presumably was an inhibitory postsynaptic potential. The
      inhibitory postsynaptic potential typically had a latency of 6 ms, an amplitude
      of 1 mV and a half-decay time of 6.8 ms; it could block or delay impulses evoked
      by direct current injection and could attenuate the amplitude of excitatory
      postsynaptic potentials evoked by sound pulses. However, this inhibitory
      postsynaptic potential did not reduce the amplitudes of electrotonic coupling
      potentials produced by antidromic impulses in the Mauthner cell. We propose that
      the inhibitory postsynaptic potential is generated at the dendrites of the
      auditory fibers, i.e. in the ear, rather than at the central terminals of the
      afferent, where the antidromic coupling potentials originate. The possibility
      that the inhibitory postsynaptic potential actually represented dis-facilitation
      due to an efferent inhibition of the hair cells, which tonically depolarize the
      saccular fibers, was ruled out because depolarization of these fibers increased
      the inhibitory postsynaptic potential amplitude. Possible morphological
      substrates for the efferent inhibition and the behavioral significance of this
      inhibition are discussed.

PMID- 3380304
TI  - Electrical activity of rat ocular motoneurons recorded in vitro.
AB  - The electrophysiological properties of rat oculomotor neurons were studied in an
      in vitro slice preparation. Motoneurons were identified by their antidromic
      response to third nerve rootlet stimulation, and by their orthodromic responses
      to medial longitudinal fasciculus and reticular stimulations. Passive membrane
      properties showed the existence of an inward rectification mechanism in all the
      recorded motoneurons. The action potential is comprised of several distinct
      components. The fast initial spike, composed of an initial segment spike and a
      somatodendritic spike, is followed by a delayed depolarization, an
      afterhyperpolarization and a late afterdepolarization. The afterhyperpolarization
      has a maximum duration of 55 ms. The late afterdepolarization is a voltage
      dependent mechanism that produces an oscillatory behavior in depolarized cells.
      Two types of motoneurons were distinguished on the basis of their response to
      long-lasting depolarizing current pulses. The intensity-frequency curves show the
      existence of a primary and secondary range of discharge and the study of the
      interspike intervals points to specific properties of the conductance underlying
      the afterhyperpolarization. It is concluded that large, stellate motoneurons of
      the brainstem maintained in vitro retain specific electrophysiological
      properties, comparable to those described in vivo and which differentiate the
      ocular motoneurons from spinal motoneurons.

PMID- 3380305
TI  - Topography of basal glucose utilization in the hippocampus determined with [1
      14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose.
AB  - The activity of the pentose phosphate shunt was assessed under basal conditions
      in subregions of the hippocampus by measuring the uptake and retention of [1
      14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose and their 14C-labelled metabolites. The relative
      and absolute retention of carbon-14 from each of the two compounds was nearly
      identical in all regions examined. For each compound, the highest accumulation of
      14C occurred in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus and in the pyramidal
      cell layer. Relatively high retention of radioactivity was also found in the
      molecular layer of dentate gyrus and in the stratum lacunosum-molecular. The
      stratum radiatum and stratum oriens contained the lowest levels of radioactivity
      among hippocampal regions. The equal retention of radioactivity from [1
      14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose implies that pentose phosphate shunt activity is
      very low throughout the hippocampus under the conditions of this study. The
      uptake and retention of radioactivity was evaluated in different hippocampal
      regions 10 or 30 min following intravenous injection of [1-14C]glucose. Although
      there was significantly more radioactivity at 30 min than at 10 min, the same
      topographic pattern of radioactivity within the hippocampus was observed in rats
      after both survival periods, indicating that an equal fraction of the [1
      14C]glucose utilized in different hippocampal regions is oxidized to 14CO2 under
      these conditions. Most regions of high glucose utilization in the hippocampus
      determined with [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose correspond to regions of
      intense histochemical staining for cytochrome oxidase reported in the
      literature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380306
TI  - Low chloride-dependent release of taurine by a furosemide-sensitive process in
      the in vivo rat hippocampus.
AB  - Extracellular amino acid levels and field potentials evoked by perforant pathway
      stimuli were studied in vivo by means of a dialysis device, perfusing the rat
      dentate gyrus with low chloride solutions. When balanced with acetate, these
      perfusions enhanced the granule cell population spike amplitude. A specific
      extracellular taurine enhancement occurred whenever Cl- was replaced by acetate
      solution, reaching an increase of 20-fold over the basal taurine levels when 125
      mM Cl- was replaced, whereas other amino acids remained unchanged. A considerable
      degree of Cl- replacement with iodide was needed, however, to obtain significant
      increases of extracellular taurine. Perfusions with bromide instead of Cl- did
      not cause any change in levels of extracellular amino acids including taurine.
      Furosemide, an inhibitor of Cl- transport, greatly reduced the taurine increase
      evoked by the low extracellular concentration of permeant anions. This drug also
      inhibited the taurine release induced by perfusion with 9 mM K+. These findings
      indicate that the extracellular increase of taurine, evoked by low permeant anion
      concentrations, may result from the taurine release through a furosemide
      sensitive process.

PMID- 3380307
TI  - Brainstem afferents to the basal forebrain in the rat.
AB  - Brainstem afferents to various nuclei of the basal forebrain of the rat were
      examined using the retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish
      peroxidase. These forebrain nuclei included the medial septum-vertical limb of
      the diagonal band nucleus, the lateral septum, the nucleus of the horizontal limb
      of the diagonal band, the medial preoptic area and the magnocellular preoptic
      nucleus/substantia innominata. Medial septal-vertical limb of the diagonal band
      injections produced dense cell labeling in: raphe obscurus, nucleus incertus,
      central gray-pars alpha, locus coeruleus, raphe pontis, median raphe, nucleus of
      Darkschewitsch, a compact cell group within the mesencephalic gray dorsolateral
      to the nucleus of Darkschewitsch and the supramammillary nucleus. Lateral septal
      injections produced the heaviest cell labeling in the A1 and A2 areas (of
      Dahlstrom and Fuxe), the lateral parabrachial nucleus, the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus,
      the ventral tegmental area and the supramammillary nucleus. There were
      considerably fewer labeled cells overall with lateral septal as compared with
      medial septal injections. Brainstem projections to the horizontal limb of the
      diagonal band were pronounced. The most heavily labeled nuclei were A1, locus
      coeruleus, laterodorsalis (dorsolateral tegmental nucleus of Castaldi), raphe
      pontis, median raphe, lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventral tegmental area,
      nucleus of Darkschewitsch and the supramammillary nucleus. Medial preoptic area
      injections produced pronounced labeling in: A1 and A2 areas, raphe magnus, locus
      coeruleus, laterodorsalis, lateral parabrachial nucleus, pedunculopontine
      nucleus, peripenduncular nucleus and the supramammillary nucleus. The pattern of
      brainstem labeling obtained with magnocellular preoptic/substantia innominata
      injections was considerably different from the patterns seen with the other
      injections. Specifically, relatively few cell groups, essentially confined to the
      upper brainstem (rostral pons and midbrain), were densely labeled following
      magnocellular preoptic/substantia innominata injections. These included the
      medial parabrachial nucleus, the pedunculopontine nucleus, the dorsal raphe
      nucleus, the ventral tegmental area and the supramammillary nucleus. With the
      exception of the supramammillary nucleus, each of these cell groups was more
      heavily labeled with magnocellular preoptic/substantia innominata injections than
      with others of this series. The above describes the major brainstem projections
      to each of the forebrain sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3380308
TI  - The neurophysin-containing innervation of the forebrain of the mouse.
AB  - The oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic innervation of the forebrain of normal
      mice was studied immunocytochemically by use of a set of mouse monoclonal anti
      neurophysins applied to serial vibratome sections. The extensive hypothalamic and
      extra-hypothalamic location of these neuropeptides was revealed, with, or without
      colchicine pretreatment. Magnocellular perikarya immunoreactive for either
      oxytocin-neurophysin or vasopressin-neurophysin were concentrated mainly: in the
      anterior commissural nucleus; in various subdivisions of the paraventricular
      nucleus; in a profuse array in the periventricular region; in the supraoptic
      nucleus including its retrochiasmatic division; in various accessory nuclei; and
      as a number of cells scattered throughout the preoptic and hypothalamic regions.
      Extensive groups of parvocellular neurons, containing only vasopressin
      neurophysin, were located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus including a ventromedial
      division, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and in the medial
      amygdaloid nucleus. Perikarya in the magnocellular nuclei were of generally
      similar size distribution and there was no evidence that distinct populations of
      magnocellular and parvicellular neurons, separable on the basis of size, had been
      labelled within these nuclei. Within the paraventricular nucleus, however,
      neurons in the posterior part were smaller than those located more anteriorly,
      and the cells containing oxytocin-neurophysin were slightly smaller than those
      containing vasopressin-neurophysin. Within the generally similar size
      distribution, magnocellular neurons of the anterior commissural nucleus were the
      largest. During processing, shrinkage of the tissue and immunolabeled cells had
      occurred. The immunocytochemical procedure delineated neuronal processes, in
      particular dendrites, very effectively. The dendrites were shown to project for
      far greater distances than is generally recognized, some were of a characteristic
      corkscrew-like morphology, and most were oriented in a well-defined pattern. Many
      dendrites of paraventricular neurons passed medially than caudally towards and
      then along the third ventricle. Most dendrites of supraoptic neurons, in
      particular those containing vasopressin-neurophysin, had an extensive
      anteroposterior course beneath the pia of the base of the brain. The axons
      containing oxytocin- and vasopressin-neurophysin were shown to take rather
      different paths from the paraventricular nucleus towards the median
      eminence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3380309
TI  - Activation of hypothalamic arcuate but not paraventricular neurons following
      carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation in the rat.
AB  - The effect of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation on 292 neurons in midline
      hypothalamic nuclei has been examined electrophysiologically in ethyl
      carbamate/sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats. Experiments demonstrated that
      specific stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors activates a small group (16)
      of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, but has no effect on
      neurons (157) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or the anterior
      hypothalamus. Of 16 arcuate neurons activated by the stimulus, six projected to
      the median eminence and three projected to the dorsal medulla, as defined by
      antidromic invasion. Three of the neurons activated from the carotid body also
      showed a resting discharge that was linked with ventilation rate, suggesting that
      the arcuate nucleus may have some involvement with respiratory processing. The
      activation of neurons projecting to the median eminence implies that the release
      of adenohypophyseal hormones may also be influenced by carotid body
      chemoreceptors.

PMID- 3380310
TI  - Intra-hypothalamic melatonin blocks photoperiodic responsiveness in the male
      Syrian hamster.
AB  - Exposure of male Syrian hamsters to a short daylength of 8L:16D leads to gonadal
      regression. This effect of photoperiod was prevented by pinealectomy or chronic
      exposure of the brain to exogenous melatonin delivered from in-dwelling cannulae.
      However, the effect of melatonin was dependent on the neural site of application.
      Melatonin delivered into the mid-brain, lateral hypothalamus or amygdala was
      ineffective. In contrast, bilateral administration of melatonin to the medial or
      amygdala was ineffective. In contrast, bilateral administration of melatonin to
      the medial hypothalamus prevented testicular regression and maintained high
      circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin. These findings suggest
      that the medial hypothalamus contains target sites for melatonin involved in
      pineal-mediated photoperiodic responses.

PMID- 3380311
TI  - [Skin reactions with ubiquitous multiple antigens as a test of survival in
      patients with inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma].
AB  - Fifty-three patients suffering from inoperable, non-microcytoma, bronchogenic
      carcinoma in which a skin reaction with ubiquitous antigens (tetanus, diphtheria,
      streptococcus, tuberculin, proteus, tricophyton, candida) had been carried out
      were followed up to check on the possible relationship between skin reactivity
      and survival period. A significant correlation was found between the degree of
      positivity and duration of survival, with mean survival values greater than 69.1
      weeks being observed in patients positive to five or more antigens. Among
      preliminary tests, it would therefore appear that skin reaction with ubiquitous
      may provide indications for predicting survival.

PMID- 3380312
TI  - [Evaluation of the mechanism determining the painful symptomatology after
      proctological interventions].
AB  - In order to evaluate the importance of the contraction of the perineal muscular
      system in causing the symptomatology following a hemorrhoidal prolapse operation,
      a drug, dantrolene sodium which has a known myorelaxant action due to a partial
      inhibition of the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the
      muscular cell was used. The double-blind study involved 40 patients, of whom 20
      were treated with sodium dantrolene in doses of 25 mg, twice a day, for seven
      days; the remaining 20 with a placebo. Symptoms, consumption of pain-killers and
      need for catheters, were monitored daily, while hemochemical parameters were
      checked before the start, and at the end of the study. The results obtained
      showed a similar post-operative trend in the patients receiving dantrolene and in
      the controls. This is interpreted as an indirect demonstration that the mechanism
      of pain is primarily due to the inflammatory factors rather than due to
      contraction of the perineal muscles.

PMID- 3380313
TI  - [Study on the attitude and smoking habits of the students of a school for
      professional nurses].
AB  - A study on 285 students and teachers of a nurse professional school was
      undertaken in two hospital of Genoa. A questionnaire proposed by World Health
      Organization and by Italian League Against Cancer was employed to collect data on
      smoking habits and behaviour. Subjects included in the present study were
      selectively chosen as they are in a transitional phase between school application
      and working environment within the hospital practice. Although these sample of
      hospital personnel showed a slow trend toward quit smoking, the rates of smokers
      are rather high, both in the youth (55%) and in the teachers. Our results showed
      that 87% of subjects interview agreed with the necessity to avoid smoking within
      the hospital environment; young nurses generally lack a specific knowledge about
      the hazard of smoking and more detailed information is requested for a correct
      education and prevention of patients' health.

PMID- 3380314
TI  - [Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to thrombosis of the inferior vena cava in
      myeloproliferative disease].
AB  - A case with abdominal pain, hepatosplenomegaly and ascites is reported.
      Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a thrombus localized in the
      inferior vena cava at the confluence of the hepatic veins. The diagnosis of Budd
      Chiari syndrome was made two years after clinical and laboratory findings
      appeared. The patient was affected by a Philadelphia-positive myeloproliferative
      disease that was the predisposing condition to the inferior vena cava thrombosis.
      We suggest that the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome must be considered in
      patients presenting conditions associated with thrombotic diathesis: so a
      suitable therapy can be started before an irreversible hepatic damage.

PMID- 3380315
TI  - Infrared sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia of the python (Python
      reticulatus)--a horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - The infrared neurons innervating the 5 maxillary, 6 mandibular and 4 mental pit
      organs of the python, Python reticulatus, have been identified by means of
      retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The neurons innervating the first
      maxillary pit are located in the ophthalmic ganglion; those innervating the
      second maxillary pit are in both the ophthalmic and maxillary ganglia; the
      neurons innervating the rest of the maxillary pits are located in the maxillary
      part of the ganglia. Neurons innervating the mandibular and mental pits are all
      located in the mandibular part of the ganglia. None of the pits are bilaterally
      innervated by the trigeminal nerve.

PMID- 3380316
TI  - Soybean agglutinin binds to a subpopulation of primary sensory neurones in the
      cat.
AB  - The binding of the plant lectin soybean agglutinin (SBA) to primary sensory
      neurones has been investigated in the rat. SBA binding was found in Lissauer's
      tract and in laminae I and IIo of the dorsal horn at cervical, thoracic and
      lumbar levels. Morphometric analysis of the S1 dorsal root ganglia revealed that
      SBA binding was associated with the small diameter cell population, considered to
      be the cell bodies of unmyelinated afferent fibres (C-fibres). These findings
      suggest that SBA may be a useful ultrastructural marker for C-fibre terminals.

PMID- 3380317
TI  - Topography of neurophysin-immunoreactive neurons projecting to the
      neurohypophysis: direct evidence as revealed by a double staining method.
AB  - The topographic distribution of neurophysin-immunoreactive (NP-IR) cells
      projecting to the posterior pituitary gland has been studied in the cat using a
      double staining method: immunohistochemistry of neurophysin in conjunction with
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracer technique. We found that almost
      all the hypothalamic NP-IR cells project directly to the neurohypophysis except
      those localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in the caudal part of the
      paraventricular nucleus.

PMID- 3380318
TI  - Immunocytochemistry of a vasopressin (AVP) receptor with anti-idiotype antibody:
      inhibition of staining with a peptide (PVA) encoded by an RNA that is
      complementary to AVP mRNA.
AB  - Immunocytochemical staining of putative presynaptic (auto-) receptors associated
      with vasopressin (AVP) neurons by anti-idiotype antibody can be markedly reduced
      or abolished by preincubation of the antibody with peptide PVA. This peptide, Ser
      Ser-Trp-Ala-Val-Leu-Glu-Val-Ala, represents amino acids encoded by a nucleotide
      sequence complementary to the mRNA code of AVP. These results suggest that PVA
      may have some binding characteristics similar to the AVP autoreceptor.

PMID- 3380319
TI  - Response latencies in the tail-flick test depend on tail skin temperature.
AB  - Tail skin temperatures and tail-flick latencies were simultaneously recorded in
      male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to various ambient temperatures (22-30 degrees
      C). There was a positive correlation between tail skin temperature and ambient
      temperature and a negative correlation between tail-flick latency and ambient
      temperature. Importantly, a highly significant negative correlation was present
      between tail-flick latency and skin temperature, even at constant ambient
      temperature (22.1 or 23.3 degrees C). Thus, the results of tail-flick testing are
      highly affected by skin temperature and factors altering the skin temperature
      must be considered when tail-flick latencies are interpreted in terms of
      nociception.

PMID- 3380321
TI  - Lactate production and release in cultured astrocytes.
AB  - Intracellular lactate content and release of lactate into the surrounding medium
      of mouse astrocytes in primary culture was measured using the lactate
      dehydrogenase method. During culturing the cellular content of astrocytes
      decreased from 400 to 200 nmol/mg protein. The total lactate released into the
      extracellular space, however, amounted to 75,000 nmol/mg within 98 h,
      corresponding to a lactate concentration of 10 mM in the cell culture dish. In
      another set of experiments, cytotoxic swelling was evoked by exposure of the
      cells to 60 mM K+, this situation caused a 40% increase in cellular volume and an
      increase in the KCl content of astrocytes. Within 3 h of a change to 60 mM K+ the
      intracellular lactate content was increased by 100 nmol/mg (one third) and the
      lactate release in the extracellular space by about 2000 nmol/mg (twice as high
      as during exposure to 3 mM K+). However, due to the increased intracellular water
      content, the lactate concentration inside the cells remained unchanged. It is
      concluded that astrocytes produce substantial amounts of additional lactate
      during cytotoxic swelling. This lactate, however, is not increasing the
      intracellular osmolarity and most of the lactate is released into the
      extracellular space. Depending on the transmembrane transport mechanism it could
      have the capability to decrease the strong ion difference and contribute to acid
      shifts in the extracellular space.

PMID- 3380322
TI  - Effects of temperature on the oxygen consumption in thin slices from different
      brain regions.
AB  - The oxygen consumption of brain slices from 12 different regions of the guinea
      pig brain was measured and the effects of temperature on the consumption was
      investigated. At 37 degrees C the oxygen consumption in cerebral gray matter and
      inferior colliculus was higher than that of other regions, whilst the consumption
      in cerebral white matter and brainstem was approximately half of that in cerebral
      gray matter. In any region lowering the tissue temperature from 37 to 28 degrees
      C reduced the oxygen consumption by 6-8% of the value obtained at 37 degrees C
      per one degree. At 21 degrees C the consumption was decreased to 15% of the value
      obtained at 37 degrees C. It is notable that the consumption in hippocampal
      slices tested was remarkably increased by raising the temperature up to 50
      degrees C and no consumption was observed at 55 degrees C.

PMID- 3380320
TI  - Renshaw cells are inactive during motor inhibition elicited by the pontine
      microinjection of carbachol.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to determine whether the postsynaptic inhibition
      of motoneurons that occurs following the pontine microinjection of carbachol in
      the decerebrate cat is due to the activity of Renshaw cells. Thirty-two out of 37
      Renshaw cells (86%) were spontaneously active prior to the administration of
      carbachol, whereas only 2 out of 13 Renshaw cells (15%) discharged during
      carbachol-induced motor inhibition. In addition, discrete inhibitory synaptic
      potentials were observed in 33% of the Renshaw cells from which intracellular
      recordings were obtained after carbachol administration, indicating that these
      cells were actively inhibited. The finding that a population of Renshaw cells,
      which inhibit motoneurons, were themselves inhibited during a period of profound
      motoneuron inhibition was quite unexpected. These results support the conclusion
      that Renshaw cells are not the inhibitory interneurons that are responsible for
      the powerful inhibition of motoneurons that occurs following the pontine
      microinjection of carbachol.

PMID- 3380323
TI  - Change in nicotinic receptor subtypes in temporal cortex of Alzheimer brains.
AB  - Competition experiments using (-)-[3H]nicotine and unlabelled nicotine revealed
      both high and low affinity nicotinic binding sites in temporal cortex of control
      and Alzheimer (AD/SDAT) brains. A significant reduction in the proportion of high
      affinity nicotinic binding sites (-20%) and a parallel increase in the proportion
      of low affinity nicotinic binding sites was obtained in AD/SDAT brain cortex
      compared to control brain. Moreover, a marked decrease was observed in the
      affinity of the low affinity nicotinic binding sites in AD/SDAT.

PMID- 3380324
TI  - Vagal nerve contribution to the calcitonin-induced changes in intrapyloric
      pressure in anesthetized rats.
AB  - The effect of calcitonin on intrapyloric pressure was examined in urethane
      anesthetized rats. The intrapyloric pressure was decreased dose dependently by
      intravenous (i.v.) administration of 0.002-20 U of calcitonin. The calcitonin
      induced decreased response was abolished after the severance of bilateral vagal
      nerves at the cervical level. Ongoing efferent activity of vagal gastric nerve
      branches was decreased by i.v. administration of calcitonin. On the contrary i.v.
      administration of calcitonin increased intrapyloric pressure via vagal nerves in
      atropinized or gallaminized animals. The contribution of the cholinergic
      excitatory and the non-cholinergic inhibitory vagal nerve fibers to the
      calcitonin-induced responses of intrapyloric pressure is discussed.

PMID- 3380325
TI  - Microinjected morphine suppresses the activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic
      neurons in freely moving cats.
AB  - Microinjection of morphine (1.0 microgram/0.1 microliter) produced a significant
      suppression (approximately 60%) of the single unit activity of locus coeruleus
      noradrenergic neurons in freely moving cats. This effect was reversible by
      systemic administration of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (1.0 mg/kg
      i.v.). The microinjection of naloxone (1.0 microgram/0.1 microliter), however,
      was without effect on the spontaneous activity of noradrenergic neurons in the
      locus coeruleus. Non-noradrenergic neurons recorded in the same vicinity showed
      no consistent response to the microinjection of morphine. These results suggest
      that the direct effect of opioids in the locus coeruleus is an inhibition of
      noradrenergic neuronal activity. Furthermore, it appears that opioid influences
      upon these neurons are not tonically active.

PMID- 3380326
TI  - Dextromethorphan, a common antitussive, reduces kindled amygdala seizures in the
      rat.
AB  - Dextromethorphan (DM), a non-prescription antitussive, has anticonvulsant
      properties and antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated
      responses in rat spinal and cortical neurons. The effects of daily
      intraperitoneal injections of DM on amygdala-kindled seizures were examined. DM
      was found both to prevent the development of full kindling in rats and to
      decrease seizure intensity in previously fully kindled animals. The findings of
      this study, combined with the ready availability of DM and its apparent safety in
      antitussive doses suggest that clinical testing of this drug as an anticonvulsant
      is warranted.

PMID- 3380327
TI  - Effects of p-bromophenacyl bromide on neurite growth at different levels of nerve
      growth factor.
AB  - We have previously been shown that the phospholipase inhibitor p-bromophenacyl
      bromide (BPB) modifies neurite morphology and growth rate in rat dorsal root
      ganglion explants. Neurite extension is stimulated by 2.5 X 10(-7) M BPB but it
      is prevented by concentrations higher than 10(-5) M. Under our experimental
      conditions, no neurites appeared in the absence of added nerve growth factor
      (NGF). Therefore, we have tested the effect of a low BPB concentration at
      different levels of exogenous NGF. Thoracic and lumbar ganglia were obtained from
      19.5-day-old fetal rats and were cultured for 24 h on a polyornithine substrate.
      Neurite growth and development of a dense halo were NGF-dependent in both
      ganglionic populations; however, each of them showed a characteristic dose
      response curve. Incubation with BPB induced neurites in the absence of added NGF
      and stimulated their growth when low levels of this factor were added. In lumbar
      ganglia incubated with higher levels of NGF, BPB had no detectable effects. On
      the contrary, similarly treated thoracic ganglia showed an inhibition of neurite
      extension. Our findings suggest a relationship between the effects of BPB and the
      initial, membrane-activating actions of NGF.

PMID- 3380328
TI  - Early release of glia maturation factor and acidic fibroblast growth factor after
      rat brain injury.
AB  - A major component of the healing response of the brain to injury is the induction
      of growth and trophic factors. In the rat brain, glia maturation factor (GMF) and
      acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) are not extracellular. However, within the
      first hour following brain injury, the amount of GMF and aFGF in the wound cavity
      increased by 7- and 13-fold, respectively, compared to the tissue adjacent to the
      wound. A cascade of cellular and biochemical events, leading to glial
      proliferation, the arrest of secondary neuronal death and axonal sprouting, may
      be initiated by the sudden increase in the extracellular concentration of these
      factors.

PMID- 3380330
TI  - Inhibition by K-252a, a new inhibitor of protein kinase, of nerve growth factor
      induced neurite outgrowth of chick embryo dorsal root ganglion cells.
AB  - The effect of K-252a, a new alkaloid-like kinase inhibitor from the culture broth
      of Nocardiopsis sp., on the action of nerve growth factor on normal nerve cells
      was examined. Nerve cells were isolated from the dorsal root ganglia of chick
      embryo by trituration without using digesting enzymes, and were seeded on
      collagen- or poly-L-lysine-coated plastic dishes containing serum-free medium. K
      252a at 50-100 nM reversibly inhibited the formation of neurites by dorsal root
      ganglion cells elicited by the treatment with nerve growth factor.

PMID- 3380329
TI  - Location of motoneurons and internuclear neurons within the rat abducens nucleus
      by means of horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent double labeling.
AB  - The distribution of abducens motoneurons and internuclear neurons was determined
      in the rat by injections of horseradish peroxidase or fluorochromes into the
      ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle and the contralateral oculomotor nucleus either
      separately or simultaneously. The labeled somata of abducens internuclear neurons
      were intermingled with the labeled motoneurons at the medial third of the
      nucleus, but they were more segregated at the rostral third, where the labeled
      interneurons were more numerous. Internuclear neurons were preferentially located
      around and ventral to the central part of the facial genu, while motoneurons were
      located more dorsomedially, closer to the midline than in other species of
      mammals. The evolutionary trend of the location of both populations of neurons is
      also discussed.

PMID- 3380332
TI  - The potentiation of cortical neurone responses to noradrenaline by beta
      phenylethylamine: effects of lesions of the locus coeruleus.
AB  - beta-Phenylethylamine (PE) potentiates single cortical neurone responses to
      noradrenaline (NA). The hypothesis that this is due to an action on the
      noradrenergic presynaptic terminal was tested. Extracellular recordings of the
      responses of single cortical neurones to iontophoretically applied NA and PE were
      made in rats with unilateral electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus.
      Ipsilateral lesions blocked responses to PE but did not affect the ability of PE
      to enhance responses to NA. Contralateral lesions had no effect on either the
      responses to PE or the enhancement of responses to NA. It is concluded that the
      PE-induced potentiation of responses to NA is not due to a presynaptic action of
      PE.

PMID- 3380331
TI  - Arginine vasopressin receptors in pig cerebral microvessels, cerebral cortex and
      hippocampus.
AB  - We tested for the presence of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors in pig
      cerebral microvessels, cerebral cortex and hippocampus by specific binding
      methods with [3H]AVP as the ligand. The specific binding of [3H]AVP to all
      preparations was saturable and Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of
      high affinity binding sites (dissociation constant of 1-2 nM). Maximal binding
      capacity in cerebral microvessels was about 60% that of the cerebral cortex; and
      there were no apparent differences in the maximal binding capacity between
      cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest the existence of AVP
      receptor sites in cerebral microvessels and support the hypothesis that AVP has a
      role in the control of the brain microcirculation.

PMID- 3380333
TI  - The cross-linking reagent dimethyl suberimate modifies the target size of an
      insect nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Radiation inactivation and simple target theory were employed to determine the
      molecular weight of an insect CNS alpha-bungarotoxin binding component in the
      presence and absence of a cross-linking reagent, dimethyl suberimate. In the
      presence of the cross-linker, the number of binding sites decreased, and the
      apparent molecular weight (236,000) was approximately double the control value
      (112,000). This, together with sedimentation data, suggests that the lower value
      represents only a portion of the insect nicotinic receptor molecule. A model is
      presented to account for the increase in target size and reduction in the number
      of alpha-[3H]bungarotoxin binding sites in the presence of dimethyl suberimate.

PMID- 3380334
TI  - Effect of chronic calcium antagonist treatment on dopamine recognition sites in
      rat striatum.
AB  - The effects of nimodipine and flunarizine administration (18 days 15 mg/kg/day
      p.o.) on striatal dopamine recognition sites in rats were investigated in vivo.
      In vitro flunarizine but not nimodipine displaces [3H]spiroperidol binding. After
      in vivo treatment both drugs induce a significant increase in the number of
      sulpiride displaceable spiroperidol binding sites (flunarizine, +114%, nimodipine
      +61%) concomitant with an increase in the dissociation constant. Binding
      parameters return toward control values after 1 week of suspension of the
      treatment. The results suggest that the repeated in vivo treatment with
      nimodipine and flunarizine may significantly interact with dopaminergic
      transmission leading to adaptive changes of the dopamine recognition sites.

PMID- 3380335
TI  - Cholinergic neurons in the rat hippocampus do not compensate for the loss of
      septohippocampal cholinergic fibers.
AB  - In recent studies a small number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
      immunoreactive, supposedly cholinergic, neurons intrinsic to the rat hippocampus
      have been described. Here we report that these neurons are not capable of
      sprouting in response to removal of the cholinergic input to the hippocampus from
      the medial septum/diagonal band complex. One month after unilateral transection
      of the fimbria-fornix an almost complete lack of cholinergic fibers persists in
      all layers of the dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata ipsilateral to the lesion
      when compared to the contralateral hippocampus or to unlesioned control rats.
      These results indicate that the well-known phenomenon of collateral sprouting in
      response to partial deafferentation is a specific process that spares a distinct
      group of cholinergic cells in the rat hippocampus.

PMID- 3380336
TI  - Chronic stress and plasma catecholamine and corticosterone levels in male rats.
AB  - Rats were exposed repeatedly to an immobilization, light and noise stressor for 3
      weeks and re-exposed to the same stressor after a rest period of 3 weeks. At the
      beginning of each stress period, blood was obtained by a tail vein cut.
      Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and corticosterone (COR) were determined.
      The stress response of NE or E remained relatively constant throughout 3 weeks of
      chronic stress. The stress response of COR remained constant for the first 2
      weeks but increased markedly thereafter. After a 3-week recovery, repeat stress
      values of E were the same while those of NE and COR were significantly lower as
      compared with the last chronic stress value. Marked individual differences among
      rats were observed. Thus, the initial stress response during chronic stress
      showed no adaptation but actual sensitization for COR.

PMID- 3380337
TI  - Locomotor recovery following subtotal spinal cord lesions in a rat model.
AB  - Locomotor function is described over 4 weeks in adult rats recovering from mid
      thoracic spinal cord lesions, sparing the left lateral and/or ventral funiculus.
      A composite locomotor score was developed to follow changes by grading the swing
      and stance phases of locomotion, hindleg struggling withdrawal, and hopping.
      Motor recovery was more rapid in left than right hindlegs, consistent with
      sparing of left supraspinal pathways. Two temporal phases of recovery were noted
      in some animals, perhaps arising from two different recovery mechanisms. Motor
      recovery in the right hindleg was similar whether a left lateral or ventral
      funiculus was spared.

PMID- 3380338
TI  - Remyelination by transplanted oligodendrocytes of a demyelinated lesion in the
      spinal cord of the adult shiverer mouse.
AB  - Fragments of normal newborn mouse central nervous system (CNS) were transplanted
      into the spinal cord of adult shiverer mice at distance of 1, 2 or 3
      intervertebral spaces from a lysolecithin-induced demyelinating lesion.
      Remyelination by grafted oligodendrocytes was observed by electron microscopy
      (EM). This result showed the capability of grafted oligodendrocytes or precursor
      cells to migrate to a demyelinated lesion and to remyelinate naked axons in an
      adult host, even in presence of host spontaneous remyelination.

PMID- 3380340
TI  - Effects of iontophoretically applied cortisol on tuberoinfundibular neurons in
      hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of anesthetized rats.
AB  - Effects of cortisol on 22 tuberoinfundibular (TI) neurons in the paraventricular
      nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus were examined in urethane-anesthetized rats.
      Iontophoretically applied cortisol excited 10 (45%) of 22 TI-neurons tested,
      whereas the cortisol inhibited 4 (31%) of 13 neurons in the periventricular
      hypothalamic nucleus. Intravenously applied cortisol (0.5 mg in 0.5 ml saline)
      excited 4 (36%) of 11 TI neurons tested and inhibited 1 (9%). These results
      suggest that cortisol may have an excitatory effect on TI neurons in the PVN.

PMID- 3380339
TI  - Muscular hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia after stimulation of the ureter in rats.
AB  - Vocalization electric thresholds were measured bilaterally in muscles of the
      lower back and in the tail after electrical stimulation of the left ureter in
      rats implanted with electrodes. 'Painful' stimulation immediately produced a
      hyperalgesia lasting about half an hour in the left lower back muscles and tail,
      followed by a 10 min hypoalgesia limited to the back muscles. No modification or
      only a delayed hypoalgesia appeared in the right muscle. Strong but 'non-painful'
      stimulation produced no effect or gave rise to an immediate hypoalgesia in the
      left muscle. Weak non-painful stimulation produced a delayed hypoalgesia in the
      tail.

PMID- 3380341
TI  - Two different types of apnea induced by focal cold block of ventral medulla in
      rabbits.
AB  - The respiratory effects of unilateral focal cold block of ventral medulla were
      examined in rabbits. Focal cooling of the paraolivar region in the caudal area of
      ventral medulla induced prolongation of the expiratory time, with little change
      in the tidal inspiratory activity amplitude, leading to 'temporal apnea'. Whereas
      focal cooling of the region ventral to the retrofacial nucleus in the rostral
      part of the ventral medulla induced depression of tidal phrenic nerve activity
      amplitude, leading to 'suppression apnea'. Thus, two different types and regions
      of apnea were demonstrated in rabbits.

PMID- 3380342
TI  - Strain-specific development of the mossy fiber system in organotypic cultures of
      the mouse hippocampus.
AB  - The postnatal development of the hippocampus of the inbred mice strains BALB/c,
      C57BL/6, and DBA/2 was studied in organotypic explant cultures using the roller
      tube technique. In vivo, mice exhibit strain-specific mossy fiber distribution
      patterns. As a main result we found, that after cultivation of 3-4 weeks, similar
      strain-specific patterns became apparent in vitro, as visualized by a modified
      Timm staining. From this experiment we can conclude that a postnatal extrinsic
      influence cannot be the cause of the strain-specific hippocampal features.

PMID- 3380343
TI  - Regional differences in depolarization-induced release of gamma-hydroxybutyrate
      from rat brain slices.
AB  - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous compound in mammalian brain which
      possesses important neuroregulatory properties, has been proposed as a
      neurotransmitter. The present report concerns the heterogeneous regional
      characteristics of depolarization-induced gamma-[3H]hydroxybutyrate ([3H]GHB)
      release in rat brain slices. The Ca2+-dependent component of [3H]GHB release in
      cerebellum and pons-medulla, areas with low concentrations of GHB binding sites,
      is only about 23% of that in hippocampus, striatum and frontoparietal cortex, all
      areas rich in binding sites. In addition, veratridine-induced release of [3H]GHB
      in cerebellum and pons-medulla is only 16% of that measured in hippocampus,
      striatum and frontoparietal cortex. These findings add support to the suggested
      neurotransmitter role of GHB in the forebrain and suggest a purely metabolic role
      for this compound in more posterior regions of brain where both binding sites and
      Ca2+-dependent release mechanisms are absent.

PMID- 3380344
TI  - Autoradiographic visualization of A1-adenosine receptors in brain and peripheral
      tissues of rat and guinea pig using 125I-HPIA.
AB  - A1-adenosine receptors were identified in sections of rat brain and guinea pig
      kidney with the radioiodinated agonist 125I-N6-p-hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine
      (125I-HPIA) using in vitro autoradiography. The affinities of adenosine receptor
      ligands in competing with 125I-HPIA binding to tissue sections were in good
      agreement with those found in membranes, and indicate that the binding site
      represents an A1-adenosine receptor. The distribution of 125I-HPIA binding sites
      in rat brain sections was similar to the pattern of [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine
      ([3H]CHA) binding sites determined previously, with highest densities in the
      hippocampus and dentate gyrus, the cerebellar cortex, some thalamic nuclei and
      certain layers of the cerebral cortex. In the guinea pig kidney 125I-HPIA
      labelled longitudinal structures in the medulla. This study demonstrates that
      125I-HPIA allows the autoradiographic detection of A1 adenosine receptors in the
      brain and peripheral organs and has the advantage of short exposure times.

PMID- 3380345
TI  - The effect of unilateral and bilateral removal of the entorhinal cortex on the
      glucose utilization in various hippocampal regions in the rat.
AB  - In the present study lesion-induced changes in function of various hippocampal
      regions, as reflected by the metabolic rate of glucose, were measured by means of
      quantitative autoradiography, 4 days after unilateral or bilateral surgical
      removal of the entorhinal cortex. The greatest decrease (45%) was seen in the
      stratum lacunosum moleculare of the CA1, whereas a lesser decline (34%) was seen
      in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, stratum lucidum of the CA3 (31%) and
      the stratum radiatum of the CA1 (36%). These findings support the view that in
      addition to the indirect trisynaptic temporo-ammonic pathway, there is a
      functionally active direct pathway.

PMID- 3380346
TI  - Effects of lesion of paramedian pontomedullary reticular formation by kainic acid
      injection on the visually triggered horizontal orienting movements in the cat.
AB  - A localized lesion was made in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (NRPC) and
      the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRG) by kainic acid injection, and its
      effects on visually triggered orienting eye and head movements in the horizontal
      direction were investigated in alert head-free cats. Before the lesion, trained
      cats could orient the head and eyes to the target presented in the periphery of
      the visual field, with rapid eye (saccade) and swift head movements. After the
      unilateral lesion, they were unable to direct the head toward the target on the
      lesioned side in 64% of the trials tested during 2 weeks after the lesion, while
      they managed in 36% of the trials, although the movement was reduced both in
      speed and amplitude. The saccadic eye movement was completely absent through all
      trials. In contrast, eye and head movements to the intact side were as normal as
      the control. The present results suggest that the NRPC and NRG play an essential
      role in relaying a descending command of ipsiversive visually triggered orienting
      movements of eyes and head in the horizontal direction.

PMID- 3380347
TI  - Muscarinic stimulation of guinea pig adrenal chromaffin cells stimulates
      catecholamine secretion without significant increase in Ca2+ uptake.
AB  - In isolated guinea pig adrenal chromaffin cells, not only nicotine, but also
      muscarine stimulated catecholamine (CA) secretion, the stimulation by muscarine
      being the greater. The secretions of CA by muscarine and nicotine were both
      dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the medium, but only the latter was
      associated with a rapid increase in 45Ca2+ uptake. Experiments with the
      fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin 2, showed that muscarine caused an increase in
      cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i). Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+
      antagonist 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) inhibited
      both CA secretion and increase in [Ca2+]i induced by muscarine. These results
      indicate that in isolated guinea pig adrenal chromaffin cells, nicotine
      stimulated CA secretion by increasing Ca2+ uptake by the cells, whereas muscarine
      stimulated CA secretion by mobilizing Ca2+ from the intracellular pool.

PMID- 3380348
TI  - Differential subcellular distribution of guanine nucleotide exchange factor in
      suckling and adult rat brain.
AB  - Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity in ribosomal high salt wash and
      cytosolic fractions from suckling (4-10-day-old) and adult (60-day-old) rats was
      assayed by two different methods, by measuring: (i) its ability to promote
      binding of [3H]Met-tRNAi to eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) preparations
      that are partially or wholly in the form of eIF-2-GDP complexes (at Mg2+
      concentrations near the optimum for protein synthesis), and (ii) under similar
      conditions, its ability to catalyze the displacement of [3H]GDP, previously bound
      to eIF-2, by unlabelled GDP. A purified eIF-2 (GEF-free) from brain was used as
      the source of eIF-2 activity. GEF activity in ribosomal fractions is higher in
      the brain of suckling than adults rats, and a direct correlation therefore exists
      between ribosomal GEF activity and the previously observed age-related decrease
      in eIF-2 activity in ribosomal high salt wash protein fractions. On the other
      hand GEF activity in the postmicrosomal supernatant is lower in the brain of
      suckling than adult rats. These findings further support the hypothesis that the
      progressive decrease in protein synthesis during brain development is controlled
      through regulation of the initiation step, by modulation of eIF-2/GEF activities.

PMID- 3380349
TI  - A dihydropyridine conjugate which generates high and sustained levels of the
      corresponding pyridinium salt in the brain does not exhibit neurotoxicity in
      cynomolgus monkeys.
AB  - Many drugs can be selectively delivered to the brain by using a dihydropyridine
      in equilibrium pyridinium salt chemical delivery system (CDS). The interaction of
      these systems with central dopaminergic function was examined in this
      communication. Castrate female Sprague-Dawley rats when treated with a CDS for
      estradiol (i.e. 3-hydroxy-17 beta-[( (1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-3
      yl)carbonyl]oxy) estra-1,3,5(10)-triene or E2CDS) exhibit sustained and profound
      suppression of serum levels of leuteinizing hormone (LH). Treatment of rats with
      pargyline (80 mg/kg) prior to E2CDS (2 mg/kg) did not mitigate the biological
      effectiveness of this estrogen indicating at least indirectly that monoamine
      oxidate (MAO) was not involved in the CDS activation. In a more direct
      examination, cynomolgus monkeys treated with various repeated doses of E2CDS
      (cumulative doses of 0.2-40.0 mg/kg) demonstrated neither impaired motor function
      nor depleted striatal dopamine concentrations. The latter parameter was measured
      using liquid chromatographic-electrochemical analysis. These experiments support
      the contention that the CDS is not neurotoxic and further strengthens the strict
      structure-activity requirements for MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3380350
TI  - Increased erythrocyte susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in human Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that among the factors that lead to neurodegenerative
      changes in Parkinson's disease are stimulation of lipid peroxidation and
      deficiency of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in substantia nigra. We have
      investigated the effect of neurodegenerative changes on plasma and erythrocytes
      of patients with Parkinson's disease and compared the results with those of age
      matched controls. Both plasma lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte
      susceptibility to lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in Parkinson's
      disease. Erythrocyte fragility tests revealed that in 35% of the patients there
      was increased fragility. In addition, erythrocyte catalase activities were not
      changed whereas glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activities were
      decreased in Parkinson's disease. Our results suggest that erythrocyte membrane
      integrity may be impaired in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3380351
TI  - Mediodorsal and reticular thalamic nuclei receive collateral axons from
      prefrontal cortex and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus in the rat.
AB  - Quantitative analysis of the branching pattern of output projections from the
      prefrontal cortex and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the brainstem, has
      been carried out using the newly developed method for double retrograde labelling
      of neurons with fluorescent labelled latex microspheres. At least 34% of cortical
      mediodorsal projection neurones in lamina VI send collateral axons to the
      reticular thalamic nucleus, and at least 40% of cortical reticular projection
      neurones and collateral axons to mediodorsal nucleus. In the brainstem,
      laterodorsal neurones are also highly collateralized; at least 44% of mediodorsal
      projection neurones also innervating nucleus reticularis, and at least 47% of
      reticularis projection neurones innervating the mediodorsal nucleus.

PMID- 3380352
TI  - Cystatin C containing neurons in human postmortem hypothalamus.
AB  - The regional distribution and cellular localization of cystatin C in neurons of
      human postmortem hypothalamic was studied by use of peroxidase-anti-peroxidase
      technique. Cystatin C (earlier named gamma-trace) was found to be present in
      multiple nerve cells belonging to nuclei supraopticus, paraventricularis and
      arcuatus. We speculate that the occurrence of cystatin C in human cerebrospinal
      fluid is the result of a release of the protein from these neurons into the
      ventricular system.

PMID- 3380353
TI  - Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide have synaptic contacts with axons immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y:
      an immunoelectron microscopic study in the rat.
AB  - An electron microscopic study showed by using a dual immunolabeling technique
      that in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat, axon terminals immunoreactive for
      neuropeptide Y (NPY) made synaptic contacts upon neurons immunoreactive for
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Diaminobenzidine (DAB)-labeled NPY axon
      terminals made synaptic contacts on silver-gold-labeled VIP perikarya and
      dendritic processes. The presynaptic NPY terminals contained many small clear
      vesicles and a few cored vesicles labeled with DAB chromogen. At the synaptic
      portion, a symmetrical thickening of the pre- and post-synaptic membranes was
      evident.

PMID- 3380354
TI  - Persistent firing of splenic and renal nerves after acute decentralization but
      failure to produce ganglionic reflexes.
AB  - Experiments were done to evaluate the contribution of peripheral neural circuits
      to generation of ongoing splenic and renal sympathetic discharge as well as to
      the reflex alteration of this discharge by chemical stimulation of receptors of
      intestinal afferent nerves. After decentralization of the celiac and superior
      mesenteric ganglia, low amplitude spikes with low discharge rates still were
      observed in both nerves. Stimulation of intestinal receptors with bradykinin or
      capsaicin did not alter this residual firing. Cholinergic blockade eliminated
      most of this discharge. The source of the residual firing and its contribution to
      basal discharge of splenic and renal nerves remains to be determined.

PMID- 3380355
TI  - Hypophysectomy does not disturb the sleep-waking cycle in the cat.
AB  - The ablation of the hypophysis does not disturb the basic waking-sleep cycle.
      Further, this intervention fails to modify the recovery of sleep after
      instrumental paradoxical sleep deprivation as well as after injection of 5
      hydroxytryptophan in parachlorophenylalanine-pretreated insomniac cats. These
      results demonstrate that the hypophysis does not play a significant role in sleep
      mechanisms. We discuss these data in view of a possible regulation of the sleep
      waking cycle by hypothalamo-hypophyseal hormones.

PMID- 3380356
TI  - Effects of reinnervation with normal and tetrodotoxin-inactive nerves on resting
      membrane potential of rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - Resting membrane potentials (RMPs) have been recorded in vitro near the end-plate
      region of rat soleus muscles reinnervated with tetrodotoxin-inactive nerves and
      compared with those of denervated muscles whose reinnervation had been prevented.
      The two muscle groups exhibited the same low values of RMP typical of denervated
      muscles. In control muscles of rats in which impulse conduction was left
      unimpaired, reinnervation induced the expected increase in RMP values towards
      normal. It is suggested that, at least for this property, reinnervation restores
      to normal the muscle fibre membrane essentially through the return of activity.

PMID- 3380357
TI  - After-effects following responses of a muscle stretch receptor of the shore crab,
      Carcinus maenas.
AB  - Stretch evoked responses of the thoracic-coxal muscle receptor organ in the crab
      are shown to be time dependent. Thus, by varying the interstretch interval, the
      duration of the T fibre dynamic component of the response to a ramp-and-hold
      stretch was found to be directly related to the inter-stretch interval. With long
      interstretch intervals (e.g. 10 min), the T fibre dynamic component of the
      response to stretch was undistinguishable from the response when pre-conditioned
      with stimulation of the receptor motor nerve. These observations are consistent
      with the hypothesis of spontaneous cross-bridge formation when the receptor is
      quiescent. Such properties lead to a source of ambiguity of the muscle afferent
      response, which are presumably overcome by maintaining tonic efferent activation
      of the receptor.

PMID- 3380358
TI  - Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates the release of acetylcholine from rat
      cortical slices.
AB  - The effect of somatomedin, or insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), on
      the basal and potassium induced release of [3H]acetylcholine ([3H]Ach) from rat
      cortical slices, previously preincubated with [3H]choline ([3H]Ch), was studied
      in vitro. IGF-1 (1.4 x 10(-9) to 1.4 x 10(-8) M) had no effect on the basal
      release of [3H]ACh, while IGF-1 (1.4 x 10(-9) to 4.3 x 10(-8) M) increased the
      potassium induced release of [3H]ACh from rat brain slices in a concentration
      dependent manner. However IGF-2 (1.4 x 10(-8) M) had no effect. Insulin (1.8 x
      10(-8) to 5.3 x 10(-8) M), similarly, did not have any influence on the release
      of [3H]ACh, demonstrating that the facilitatory effect of IGF-1 on [3H]ACh
      release is not mediated via insulin receptors. This report demonstrates for the
      first time that IGF-1 has an effect on neurotransmission in the adult brain.

PMID- 3380359
TI  - Oxygen free radical involvement in ischemia and reperfusion injury to brain.
AB  - Evidence is presented which implicates increased oxygen free radicals during
      ischemia reperfusion of gerbil brain. Salicylate, which reacts with hydroxyl free
      radicals to yield dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), was used as an in vivo trap.
      Brain ischemia for at least 5 min followed by reperfusion yielded significantly
      increased brain DHBA. Without reperfusion or with only 2 min of ischemia and then
      reperfusion, the production of DHBA was not increased. Increased levels of DHBA
      in brain correlated with ischemia reperfusion-mediated behavioral modification of
      gerbils, but salicylate administration did not protect against the behavior
      changes.

PMID- 3380360
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency without fat malabsorption.

PMID- 3380361
TI  - Fish oils as hypotriglyceridemic agents.

PMID- 3380362
TI  - Vitamin E deficiency and male infertility.

PMID- 3380363
TI  - Inhibition of free radical chain oxidation by alpha-tocopherol and other plasma
      antioxidants.

PMID- 3380364
TI  - Snacks and caries.

PMID- 3380365
TI  - Nursing lifeline. Making hard choices: finding solutions to everyday ethical
      problems.

PMID- 3380366
TI  - A question of timing.

PMID- 3380367
TI  - Lifting the blinders.

PMID- 3380368
TI  - Myths & facts about chest tubes.

PMID- 3380369
TI  - Wound management. Update 88.

PMID- 3380370
TI  - Investigating impaired mental status: an assessment guide you can use (continuing
      education credit).

PMID- 3380371
TI  - Aortic dissection.

PMID- 3380372
TI  - Performing in-depth abdominal assessment.

PMID- 3380373
TI  - Diminishing the risks of i.v. potassium chloride.

PMID- 3380374
TI  - Insights on death & dying.

PMID- 3380375
TI  - The wrong label.

PMID- 3380376
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Focus on the Tri-State area.

PMID- 3380377
TI  - The new horizon: programmatic responses to the HIV epidemic.

PMID- 3380378
TI  - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a paradigm for medicolegal education.

PMID- 3380380
TI  - Geographic and demographic features of the AIDS epidemic in New York City.

PMID- 3380379
TI  - Medical students' attitudes towards caring for patients with AIDS in a high
      incidence area.

PMID- 3380381
TI  - HIV infection among young adults in the New York City area. Prevalence and
      incidence estimates based on antibody screening among civilian applicants for
      military service.

PMID- 3380382
TI  - The epidemiology of AIDS in New Jersey.

PMID- 3380383
TI  - Effectiveness of distribution of information on AIDS. A national study of six
      media in Australia.

PMID- 3380384
TI  - The epidemiology of HIV in New York State.

PMID- 3380385
TI  - The impact of AIDS on New York's not-for-profit hospitals.

PMID- 3380387
TI  - Current issues concerning AIDS in New York City.

PMID- 3380386
TI  - AIDS in Connecticut.

PMID- 3380388
TI  - The impact of AIDS on the health care system in New Jersey.

PMID- 3380389
TI  - Ethical issues involved in the growing AIDS crisis.

PMID- 3380390
TI  - Counseling patients about the prevention of AIDS.

PMID- 3380391
TI  - Immunizations for children with HIV infections.

PMID- 3380392
TI  - Guidelines for effective school health education to prevent the spread of AIDS.

PMID- 3380393
TI  - Candida pneumonia secondary to an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula in a patient
      with AIDS.

PMID- 3380394
TI  - California to determine incidence of HIV infection in newborns.

PMID- 3380395
TI  - FDA moves ahead in the fight against AIDS.

PMID- 3380396
TI  - Study of polio vaccine's effects on AIDS faces roadblock.

PMID- 3380397
TI  - Aspects of treatment of homocystinuria: an illustrative case report.
AB  - Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency homocystinuria is a heritable disorder
      most common in those of Irish descent. Therapy may prevent intellectual
      deficiency and dislocation of the ocular lenses. A female with this condition
      treated from the neonatal period to late adolescence is reported, including the
      use of betaine and antithrombotic drugs in management.

PMID- 3380399
TI  - Limitations of the treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 3380398
TI  - Predicting and preventing parenting problems.
AB  - Over a ten year period a psychosocial risk scoring system for antenatal and
      perinatal use has been developed. A nine item questionnaire which can be
      administered by a range of health care personnel has been shown to predict future
      parenting problems. It has also been shown that the provision of special social
      interventions has been associated with a reduced likelihood of serious parenting
      failure, and that mothers who have been identified as being in a high risk group
      are likely to use such services when they are offered. We believe that by
      screening the whole obstetric population into no risk (78%) and some risk (22%)
      groups, limited social work services can be focused on areas of need.

PMID- 3380401
TI  - Defaecation after rectal surgery.

PMID- 3380400
TI  - AIDS and the surgeon.

PMID- 3380402
TI  - HIV disease.

PMID- 3380403
TI  - An open assessment of tenoxicam in the treatment of acute gout in general
      practice.

PMID- 3380404
TI  - Chelation therapy.

PMID- 3380405
TI  - Trends in hospital bed use by patients with hypertension.

PMID- 3380406
TI  - A single specialist college revisited: or would an academy be better?

PMID- 3380407
TI  - Regular crying in babies.

PMID- 3380408
TI  - Hepatitis B infection in blind children.

PMID- 3380409
TI  - Characteristics of hepatitis B infected children identified in the 1985 national
      immunisation survey.

PMID- 3380410
TI  - Hepatitis B prevalence--Waikohu county.

PMID- 3380411
TI  - Hepatitis B at Mt Eden prison.

PMID- 3380412
TI  - Funding of primary health care.

PMID- 3380413
TI  - Hyperlipidaemia, blood viscosity.

PMID- 3380414
TI  - Fortification of beer and bread.

PMID- 3380415
TI  - Sterilisation of women.

PMID- 3380416
TI  - Visual hallucinations.

PMID- 3380417
TI  - Mental health services.

PMID- 3380418
TI  - Indiscriminate drug monitoring is harmful to people with epilepsy.

PMID- 3380419
TI  - Treatment of theophylline poisoning with haemoperfusion.
AB  - Two patients who had taken overdoses of theophylline were treated initially with
      oral activated charcoal. Owing to continued toxic plasma levels of theophylline,
      haemoperfusion was used to reduce rapidly theophylline levels. Both patients
      recovered rapidly.

PMID- 3380420
TI  - Prescribing by consensus: the Wellington Hospital Board preferred medicines list.

PMID- 3380421
TI  - Soft tissue sarcomas in Auckland 1974-1984: a review of 105 cases.
AB  - We have reviewed the records of 105 patients with the diagnosis of soft tissue
      sarcoma seen in the Auckland region between January 1974 and December 1984. The
      mean age at diagnosis was 54 years and the average duration of symptoms prior to
      specialist assessment was 8 months. By the time of presentation 27% of patients
      had metastatic disease. Forty-six patients underwent biopsy-type procedures and
      of these only one patient was alive and apparently disease free at one year.
      Three were alive with disease at an average of 2.2 years, 29 of the 46 had died
      of their sarcoma at one year and five of the 46 died of other causes. Fifty nine
      patients had definitive reactions performed and 26 of were alive with disease at
      an average of 2.2 years, 29 of the 46 had died of their sarcoma at one year and
      five of the 46 died of these were alive and disease free at two years. Six were
      alive with recurrent disease and 15 had died of sarcoma 1.9 years after
      presentation. In terms of site of the primary, patients with limb sarcomas fared
      better than those with retroperitoneal lesions, whereas sarcomas in other
      locations had survival figures in between these two groups. Soft tissue sarcomas
      consitute an aggressive and unforgiving type of cancer, and to entertain any
      realistic chance of cure complete resection of the lesion must be achieved.
      However, the patients presented to specialist attention at a relatively late
      stage of their disease, and the chances of survival are dependent both on the
      site of the primary lesion and on whether or not definitive surgery and adjuvant
      therapy is employed.

PMID- 3380422
TI  - Chlamydial infections in young infants--a cause for concern.
AB  - Two cases of infant chlamydial pneumonia are described, both associated with
      severe apnoea. In one, the apnoeas occurred in association with seizures. All
      symptoms resolved rapidly upon treatment with erythromycin. Specific diagnostic
      tests are available for this condition. One unit in this country has demonstrated
      a vaginal carriage rate in pregnancy of 4%. The rate is higher in subgroups with
      overt promiscuity. Efforts at primary prophylaxis should be directed at high risk
      groups. Every effort should also be made to improve the secondary prophylaxis of
      chlamydial pneumonia by identifying and adequately treating newborn infants with
      chlamydial conjunctivitis.

PMID- 3380423
TI  - Contact screening procedures for tuberculosis in Auckland.
AB  - A five year audit of tuberculosis notifications for the three Auckland health
      districts revealed that 10.7% of notifications were the result of contact
      screening procedures. Most notifications from this source were children (73.2%)
      up to 16 years of age. By far the greatest yield from contact screening
      procedures was among contact of patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis
      (whose sputum is smear positive on direct microscopy): 78.8% of cases found by
      contact procedures were contacts of these infectious patients. The yield was
      particularly high for children who were close contacts of these cases: 23.8% of
      such children were considered to be infected by tubercle bacilli compared with
      only 1.1% of children who were casual contacts of these infectious cases. Few
      adults were found by contact procedures because: (a) only those with pulmonary
      disease were found, whereas among children all those who had been infected, the
      majority of whom had not developed tuberculous disease (so-called primary occult
      tuberculosis) were found, and (b) many adult contacts of smear positive pulmonary
      index cases were not followed with chest radiographs for long enough: only one
      half had six months of surveillance. By restricting contact screening procedures
      to contacts at highest risk the workload could be substantially reduced with
      minimal reduction in the yield of new cases.

PMID- 3380424
TI  - High frequency ventilation.

PMID- 3380425
TI  - Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea in Wellington women.
AB  - A survey of 1826 women in the Wellington region was carried out. Participants
      were asked about their general and gynaecological health and their menstrual,
      contraceptive and obstetric history. Detailed questions were asked about the
      menstruating women's last menstrual cycle. Half the women reported some
      dysmenorrhoea, and 520 had 'significant period pain.' Severity, duration and
      timing of pain were indexed. There was maximum prevalence at 20 to 24 years and
      positive associations with smoking, short cycles, and moderate to severe
      premenstrual symptoms. There was association with method of contraception but no
      association with sedentary occupation or body mass index. The apparent negative
      relationship with parity was not significant when age, smoking and premenstrual
      symptomatology were taken into account.

PMID- 3380426
TI  - General practice: personal view from a deputising service.
AB  - This picture of Auckland general practice was developed during 30,000
      consultations which the author conducted in after hours deputising services. Most
      patients are satisfied with their doctor. However, some would value referral when
      a problem is slow to resolve or during a series of illnesses. Few such patients
      are advised about increasing their resistance to disease. Some terminal patients
      have had little discussion about what suffering not to expect, or about possible
      admission. Many patients do not know their diagnosis. Asthmatics often lack a
      peak flow meter, supply of understood drugs and a crisis plan. Some asthmatic
      children lack a correct diagnosis. The management of stress, if addressed, relies
      on drugs, reassurance and advice and, in the related matter of depression, the
      doses of drugs are sometimes high enough to cause side effects only.

PMID- 3380427
TI  - Productivity of sustained research funded by the Medical Research Council of New
      Zealand during the period 1973-84.
AB  - From 1973-81, Medical Research Council funding for sustained research rose from
      $1.6 to $4.4 million per year but, during 1982-84 fell to $3.8 million. Corrected
      for inflation, this funding was constant until 1982-84 when it fell by one-third.
      Publications increased from about 190 in 1974 to a peak of about 310 in 1980 but
      fell to 200 during 1982-4. Grantees who failed to publish took about 16% of
      sustained project grants and 10% of such funding. The average cost of an article
      rose from $5500 in 1973 to $20,000 in 1983/4 but, in real terms, the cost in 1984
      was two-thirds of that in the mid-1970's. Cost of publications from Auckland
      increased steadily from 1973-84. Those for Dunedin remained constant from 1974
      80, but increased to exceed $20,000 in 1982-84. From 1973-78, articles from
      Wellington cost $12,000 but this rose to $20,000 thereafter. Costs in
      Christchurch increased from $2500 in 1973 to $12,000 in 1984. Inflation-corrected
      costs per publication from Auckland, Wellington and Dunedin have shown a downward
      trend while those from Christchurch showed a slight increase.

PMID- 3380428
TI  - Marketing medicine.
AB  - Medical etiquette has always discouraged advertising. Indeed, the profession as a
      whole has tended to view the idea of marketing medicine as at best, a trifle
      infra dig. Maintenance of this attitude has been helped by an ostrich like
      approach to the realities of private practice, and to the activities of drug
      companies, which have contributed significantly to our therapeutic abilities. The
      moves to corporatise and privatise institutions have raised the level of concern
      of our New Zealand medical profession. It is not self evident that the marketing
      concept as currently understood by the business community and by politicians is
      familiar to the medical profession. There must also be at least a level of
      suspicion that the business and financial world is insufficiently sensitive to
      the nuances and complexities of health service delivery. This paper will briefly
      explore those two viewpoints and consider the feasibility of any attempt to marry
      them.

PMID- 3380429
TI  - Hospice care.

PMID- 3380430
TI  - Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients presenting for total hip or
      knee replacement.

PMID- 3380431
TI  - Who helps the helpers?

PMID- 3380432
TI  - Stillbirths: racial differences.

PMID- 3380433
TI  - Ulcerative colitis with pericarditis and tamponade.

PMID- 3380434
TI  - Haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome.
AB  - Haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome is a recently described condition
      which appears to be an important cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Six
      infants, with some features of this condition, admitted to Dunedin Hospital
      during the last three years, are presented and their diagnoses reviewed.
      Diagnostic overlap may occur between haemorrhagic shock encephalopathy syndrome,
      hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and near miss sudden infant death syndrome. An
      investigative approach to the infant with shock and acute encephalopathy is
      outlined.

PMID- 3380435
TI  - Seasonality of thyrotoxicosis in Wellington.
AB  - The month of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in 183 patients from the area of
      Wellington, for the period 1977-1986 was ascertained. A significantly greater
      proportion of cases (58%, p less than 0.05) were diagnosed in the warmer period
      of the year (November to April) than in the cooler period (May to October).
      Although seasonal environmental factors, such as changes in iodine intake; or
      other unrecognised factors, such as differences among the patients themselves,
      may possibly play an aetiological or pathogenetic role, the significantly greater
      proportion of thyrotoxic patients diagnosed during the warmer 6-month period of
      the year is presently best explained by the fact that symptoms tend to be less
      tolerable in warm weather.

PMID- 3380437
TI  - Endoscopy in peptic diseases and bleeding: a community survey of 1635 patients.
AB  - Panendoscopy was analysed prospectively on 1635 patients in a personal series for
      the years 1976 to 1979, under standard conditions, including for emergency
      bleeding. 48% of males showed lesions, compared with 38% of females. Important
      diseases were uncommon under 40 years of age, except for reflux disease of the
      oesophagus. Duodenal ulcer craters exceeded gastric ulcers in the ratio of 1.6 to
      1.0. The 103 chronic gastric ulcers were analysed according to gender (male to
      female ratio 1.6 to 1.0), age (only 4% were seen under the age of 40), diameter
      and location (larger ulcers were more common in the body of the stomach than the
      antrum). Multiple gastric ulcers occurred in 9 patients, while pyloroduodenal
      ulcers coexisted with gastric ulcer in 7. Duodenal ulcers seen in 164 patients
      were multiple in 12; only 4% occurred under 30 years of age. The duodenal ulcer
      male to female ratio for Europeans was 2.5 to 1.0. Cancer of the stomach was
      uncommon (36 patients). Reflux oesophageal disease (182 patients) was the most
      common disorder diagnosed endoscopically. The commonest lesions found in acute
      bleeding (174 patients) were duodenal ulcer in 19%, gastric ulcer in 11%,
      oesophageal erosions 17% and gastroduodenal erosions in 17%.

PMID- 3380436
TI  - Serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease: Auckland general practitioners'
      attitudes and practices in 1986.
AB  - The relationship between elevated serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease,
      is now generally accepted as being causal. To examine current attitudes and
      practices regarding the treatment of high serum cholesterol, questionnaires were
      sent to a randomly selected sample of general practitioners in the Takapuna
      health district during 1986. The response rate among the 92 doctors in general
      practice at the time of the study was 80%. The majority of general practitioners
      (82.5%) believed that there was a casual relationship between high serum
      cholesterol and coronary heart disease and that reducing levels would help
      prevent coronary heart disease. Almost all general practitioners (96%) were
      screening some groups of patients for high serum cholesterol, with most screening
      those with symptomatic coronary heart disease or associated risk factors, and 15%
      screening all patients. Although almost 90% of general practitioners had patients
      on diet therapy and one third had patients on drug treatment, there was wide
      variation in attitudes regarding the serum cholesterol levels meriting dietary or
      drug treatment. This suggests that there is still considerable confusion as to
      when and how to treat high cholesterol levels and that specific national
      guidelines for the detection and management of high serum cholesterol are
      required as part of a comprehensive programme to prevent coronary heart disease.

PMID- 3380439
TI  - Confidentiality and prescriptions.

PMID- 3380440
TI  - Hard going.

PMID- 3380441
TI  - Posties finger.

PMID- 3380438
TI  - Improvements urban and rural women wish to see in their health care services.
AB  - This study asked 2000 women randomly selected from the community to comment on
      their health services. Three-quarters did so; one-quarter were satisfied with
      currently available services but 45% specified changes they would like to see.
      The criticisms fell into three broad groups: (a) hospital services where delays,
      centralisation and referral paths were criticised; (b) general practice where
      doctor-patient communication was mentioned; and (c) cost of certain health
      services. Women who criticised currently available services tended to be younger,
      better educated with higher socioeconomic status, to be in paid employment and to
      have more often poor health or a close relative with poor health than the women
      who made no comment. These findings are seen as constructive comments from a
      thoughtful and informed group of health consumers.

PMID- 3380442
TI  - Informed consent.

PMID- 3380443
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with cerebral complications.

PMID- 3380444
TI  - Insulin resistance and very low energy diets.

PMID- 3380445
TI  - Cardiac electrophysiological assessment and the natural history of unexplained
      syncope.
AB  - There is little data on cardiac electrophysiological assessment and long term
      follow-up of unexplained syncope from Australasia. We present 94 patients with
      unexplained syncope who underwent such assessment and followup for an average of
      52 months in 92 patients. Of the 94 investigated 57 were male, the average age
      was 61 years and average number of syncopal episodes prior to study was 8
      (minimum 2). Forty-two patients had heart disease. Patients were divided into 3
      groups on results of electro physiological testing. Normal (31 patients), group 1
      with intermediate abnormalities of sinus node function or atrioventricular
      conduction (37 patients) and group 2 in whom the abnormalities were felt likely
      to represent the cause of syncope (26 patients). Abnormalities detected in group
      2 were sinus node dysfunction in 12, abnormal atrioventricular nodal conduction
      in 8, abnormal infranodal conduction in 2, vagal hypersensitivity in 3 and
      ventricular tachycardia in two. Follow-up for a mean of 52 months was obtained in
      92 patients. Recurrent syncope occurred in 37% of the patients. Treatment reduced
      recurrent syncope to a level approaching statistical significance in group 2
      patients (50% to 13%; 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.05) but had little
      influence on recurrent syncope in group 1 or normal patients. There were 14
      deaths over the follow-up period. Mortality was predicted by group 2
      electrophysiological abnormality (p less than 0.02) and the presence of heart
      disease (p less than 0.05) and was not reduced by specific therapy. Sudden death
      occurred in 3 patients, all with heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380446
TI  - Who comes to a paediatric medical outpatient clinic?
AB  - A clinical audit was undertaken of all new patients (first referral) to a
      paediatric outpatient department over a six month period. There was a total of
      542 children, of whom 59% were referred by a general practitioner and the
      remainder by paediatricians or other consultants. The conditions for which
      general practitioners most frequently referred children were cardiac murmurs and
      urinary tract problems, whereas respiratory disease, especially asthma, and hip
      and orthopaedic conditions were the common referrals from the specialists. Forty
      four percent of general practitioner referrals were seen only once and then
      discharged, and there was a very low level of cross-referral to other
      disciplines.

PMID- 3380447
TI  - Private medical insurance--to have or not to have.
AB  - Reasons for taking out or deciding against private medical insurance were studied
      by a telephone survey in a random sample of 389 Wellington households with
      telephones. Nearly 47% were covered by a medical insurance policy, the majority
      through group schemes, and that cover varies significantly by household income
      and age. For both those with medical insurance, and those with no policy, the
      main advantages seen were rapid and convenient access to hospital care, followed
      by security against future costs, and then to pay doctor's bills. Only a very
      small number (17) of households had claimed private hospital costs in the past
      year and the greatest use made of the policy was to pay general practitioner
      costs.

PMID- 3380448
TI  - Neonatal transport: the Waikato experience.
AB  - The experience of the Waikato newborn transport service is reviewed from its
      inception in September 1980 until December 1986. The service has carried out 599
      transports of which 311 were emergency retrievals. Total numbers of transports
      have increased each year although the demand for emergency retrievals has
      levelled off. The characteristics of babies requiring emergency retrieval have
      not changed. One-third of deaths occurred before retrieval could be effected, and
      10% of retrieved babies subsequently died. Avoidable deaths seemed uncommon in
      the latter group. The neonatal transport service is an important part of
      regionalised perinatal care in the Waikato.

PMID- 3380449
TI  - Pathology in New Zealand--a 1987 view.

PMID- 3380450
TI  - Parents and childrens attitudes to seat belt usage and knowledge of seat belt
      law.
AB  - Knowledge of and attitudes to seat belt laws and the perception of risk were
      examined in a cohort of 1139 children and their parents. Seven hundred and thirty
      questionnaires were obtained from interviewing a sample of 13-year-olds and 805
      questionnaires were obtained by mail from the parents. Most children (98%) and
      parents (99%) had correct knowledge of the law relating to the front seat. Fewer
      children (77%) and parents (80%) gave the correct response for the rear seat.
      Nearly all children (96%) and parents (99%) correctly identified the front seat
      unbelted as the most dangerous combination, but only 72% of children and 70% of
      parents identified the safest place to travel. There was parental support for a
      law requiring owners to fit rear seat belts and for a law requiring children of
      all ages to be restrained.

PMID- 3380451
TI  - Sleep patterns of infants.

PMID- 3380452
TI  - The Micro diet.

PMID- 3380453
TI  - Acute gout can mimic deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 3380454
TI  - Campylobacter pylori infection in patients undergoing endoscopy in Tonga.

PMID- 3380455
TI  - Unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 3380456
TI  - The multicultural society--implications for New Zealand doctors.

PMID- 3380457
TI  - Equal opportunity and the medical profession.

PMID- 3380458
TI  - Medical practice in a changing world. A view from outside.

PMID- 3380459
TI  - Professions in society: medicine, ethics and law--shifting levels and balances of
      power.

PMID- 3380460
TI  - What philosophy and codes of practice can provide responsible health services in
      the late 20th century?

PMID- 3380461
TI  - Consumer versus professional: freedom and responsibility.

PMID- 3380462
TI  - Altering patterns of health service management.

PMID- 3380463
TI  - Changes in the medicolegal climate.

PMID- 3380464
TI  - Which economic arrangements are compatible with equity, accountability and
      efficiency?

PMID- 3380465
TI  - Funding for health care, public or private?

PMID- 3380466
TI  - Which economic options for the New Zealand health service? Another economic
      viewpoint.

PMID- 3380467
TI  - The future as seen from the biological sciences.

PMID- 3380468
TI  - Junior medical officers.

PMID- 3380469
TI  - Specialist practice.

PMID- 3380470
TI  - Where is medicine heading? A United Kingdom viewpoint.

PMID- 3380472
TI  - Where is medicine heading? A viewpoint from the community.

PMID- 3380471
TI  - Where is medicine heading? Medical media.

PMID- 3380473
TI  - A contemporary perspective on problems facing the medical profession.

PMID- 3380474
TI  - World-No-smoking Day, April 7. A hard habit to break.

PMID- 3380475
TI  - World-No-smoking Day, April 7. An holistic approach.

PMID- 3380476
TI  - What future for cervical screening?

PMID- 3380477
TI  - Nurses as managers. 2.

PMID- 3380479
TI  - World No-smoking Day, April 7. Smoke-free Thursday.

PMID- 3380478
TI  - Alzheimer's disease--the silent epidemic.

PMID- 3380480
TI  - A Bill for poor health.

PMID- 3380481
TI  - Food service for the "graveyard shift".

PMID- 3380482
TI  - Private duty nursing: Part I--Reimbursement issues.

PMID- 3380483
TI  - In the wake of cost cutting, nursing productivity and quality improve.

PMID- 3380484
TI  - Development of a record review tool for public health nursing.

PMID- 3380485
TI  - Myths that threaten.

PMID- 3380486
TI  - The complex role of the head nurse.

PMID- 3380487
TI  - Economic impact of advanced clinicians.

PMID- 3380488
TI  - Positive strokes in leadership.

PMID- 3380489
TI  - Nursing director: creator of culture.

PMID- 3380490
TI  - Preparing for the future: a prospective stance in acute stroke care.

PMID- 3380491
TI  - Coping with stress.

PMID- 3380492
TI  - Patient fall prevention.

PMID- 3380493
TI  - Role expectations of nursing managers.

PMID- 3380494
TI  - Implications of the National Labor Relations Act.

PMID- 3380495
TI  - The psychiatric clinical specialist as mental health consultant.

PMID- 3380496
TI  - The intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease revisited: new results
      from the Women's Health Study.
AB  - To examine whether the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with
      intrauterine device (IUD) use varies with a woman's sexual behavior, we analyzed
      data from the Women's Health Study, a hospital-based, case-control study carried
      out in the United States from 1976-1978. The cases were 657 women hospitalized
      with pelvic inflammatory disease; controls were 2566 women hospitalized with
      nongynecologic conditions. After controlling for confounding factors, we found no
      consistent differences in the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with
      IUD use among women in different categories of gonorrhea history, frequency of
      intercourse, or number of recent sexual partners. However, among women with only
      one sexual partner, married and cohabiting women had little appreciable increased
      pelvic inflammatory disease risk associated with IUD use compared with those
      using no contraception, whereas previously and never-married women using IUDs had
      relative risk estimates of 1.8 and 2.6, respectively. These results suggest that
      women at low risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections have little
      increase in the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease from use of an IUD.

PMID- 3380497
TI  - Hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy.
AB  - Hypothyroidism rarely complicates pregnancy because most affected women are
      anovulatory. In this report, we describe 28 complicated pregnancies cared for
      over a ten-year period at Parkland Memorial Hospital. In the group of 16
      pregnancies in 14 overtly hypothyroid women, maternal complications were common
      and included anemia (31%), preeclampsia (44%), placental abruption (19%),
      postpartum hemorrhage (19%), and cardiac dysfunction. Perinatal morbidity and
      mortality were also high mainly because of placental abruption, and reflected
      frequent low birth weight (31%) and fetal death (12%). In a group of 12 women
      with subclinical hypothyroidism, these complications were less impressive. We
      speculate that overt thyroid deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy
      outcome related to preeclampsia and placental abruption. Thyroxine replacement
      probably improves these outcomes even if subclinical hypothyroidism persists.

PMID- 3380498
TI  - Aortic stenosis in pregnancy.
AB  - Aortic stenosis is uncommon during pregnancy. Five cases are described in which
      clinical management was facilitated by the use of Doppler echocardiography to
      assess the severity of disease and pulmonary artery catheterization to manage
      maternal hemodynamics. Regional anesthesia was used without complication. In
      patients with severe stenosis, significant morbidity and mortality were
      experienced when aortic valve replacement was delayed beyond the postpartum
      period.

PMID- 3380499
TI  - The return of the IUD.

PMID- 3380500
TI  - Antibiotic concentration in maternal blood, cord blood, and placental membranes
      in chorioamnionitis.
AB  - Levels of five antibiotics used in treating chorioamnionitis were measured in
      maternal and cord blood and placenta. Ampicillin provided the highest ratio of
      cord to maternal blood (0.71). Gentamicin was also relatively high in this
      respect and also had the highest placenta to maternal blood ratio (3.97). Based
      on these findings, the commonly used combination of ampicillin and gentamicin
      seems appropriate, although additional anaerobic coverage may be needed.

PMID- 3380501
TI  - An empirical specification of residency performance dimensions.
AB  - A critical aspect of any residency is the process of selection and evaluation.
      However, the research literature has failed to provide an adequate behavioral
      specification of performance components to assist in selection and evaluation
      decisions. In this investigation, we applied a widely accepted method of job
      analysis from personnel psychology, the critical incident technique, to define
      those behaviors and attitudes necessary for successful resident performance in
      obstetrics and gynecology. Nine mutually exclusive categories of behavior were
      identified, including conscientiousness, recognition of limits, confidence in
      skills and training, ability to handle crisis/emergency situations, integration
      of knowledge with practice, technical skills, relationships with staff,
      relationships with patients, and ethical actions. These categories appear to be
      reliable, as physician raters were able to sort incidents into appropriate
      categories with 94% reliability. Identification of these categories represents a
      beginning step toward determining necessary aspects of performance in a
      structured and replicable manner and toward defining these performance aspects in
      a manner that allows precise and reliable measurement.

PMID- 3380502
TI  - Production of fibronectin by peritoneal macrophages and concentration of
      fibronectin in peritoneal fluid from patients with or without endometriosis.
AB  - Fibronectin, a known growth factor for fibroblasts, is produced by alveolar
      macrophages from patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Because
      peritoneal macrophages have been implicated in the disease process of
      endometriosis, we measured the production of fibronectin by peritoneal
      macrophages in vitro and the concentration of fibronectin in peritoneal fluid
      samples. Twenty-nine patients had a normal pelvis, 22 had endometriosis, and 14
      had tubal occlusion and/or adhesions. Human peritoneal macrophages demonstrated
      de novo synthesis of fibronectin. The peritoneal macrophage fibronectin was
      detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum fibronectin.
      Peritoneal macrophages from patients with endometriosis produced approximately
      three times the amount of fibronectin as normal patients or patients with tubal
      occlusion and/or adhesions (P less than or equal to .01 and P less than or equal
      to .02, respectively). The mean peritoneal fluid concentration of fibronectin,
      however, was about 30% lower in patients with endometriosis than in normal
      patients (P less than or equal to .02). We suggest that increased peritoneal
      macrophage fibronectin production in patients with endometriosis may contribute
      to the adhesion formation and associated reactive fibrosis seen in this disease,
      and may also influence the implantation of endometrial cells and their subsequent
      growth in the pelvis.

PMID- 3380503
TI  - Malpractice--the syndrome of the 80s.
AB  - The current malpractice situation exists for the following reasons: 1) society's
      belief that all wrongs must have a reason and that the wrong must be put right,
      2) the pervasive lottery mentality, 3) the inability of many individuals to
      accept responsibility for themselves or their actions, and 4) an increasing
      incidence of true medical negligence. The physician who gives careful detail to
      practice style, who constantly attempts to upgrade his skills and knowledge, and
      who prepares himself when involved in the inevitable legal quagmire will survive
      during this difficult time to practice the healing arts.

PMID- 3380504
TI  - Patient-controlled analgesia for post-cesarean section pain.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that patient-controlled analgesia is an effective
      means of narcotic administration in postoperative patients. This prospective
      investigation was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of patient
      controlled anesthesia infusion after cesarean section. During a recent ten-month
      period, 130 patients were assigned randomly to receive meperidine by pump or
      intramuscular injection. Meperidine consumption using the device varied widely to
      meet individual needs. Overdosage and drug dependence were not encountered with
      the prescribed drug concentrations. The patient-controlled analgesia method
      provided less sedation and more immediate pain relief without the need for
      painful injections. The additional cost of renting the infuser device was offset
      by combined patient and nursing satisfaction. We conclude that patient-controlled
      infusion of meperidine is safe and effective in satisfying individual patient
      needs after cesarean section.

PMID- 3380506
TI  - The prophylactic effect of doxycycline on postoperative infection rate after
      first-trimester abortion.

PMID- 3380505
TI  - Cytoreduction of ovarian cancer with the Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator.
AB  - The Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator was used for cytoreduction in ten
      patients with intra-abdominal malignancy (nine ovarian and one fallopian tube).
      The mean age was 65 years, and eight patients had stage IIIC disease. Standard
      surgical techniques were used to resect the adnexa, uterus, and omentum. The
      Cavitron was used to remove disease from the diaphragm, spleen, stomach, and
      small bowel without resection or injury. These nongenital viscera would have
      required resection using surgical techniques for cytoreduction. The mean Cavitron
      surgical time was 49 minutes. Cytoreduction by the Cavitron facilitates tumor
      removal and reduces the requirement for nongenital visceral resection.

PMID- 3380507
TI  - The incidence of asymptomatic uterine anomalies in women undergoing transcervical
      tubal sterilization.
AB  - The incidence of congenital anomalies of the uterus has generally been obtained
      from studies of women undergoing evaluation for infertility, and has been
      reported as 1-10%. However, the true incidence of uterine malformations is not
      known. This study reviews hysterosalpingograms obtained for evaluation of tubal
      closure after transcervical sterilization in normal multiparous women using
      methylcyanoacrylate and the FEMCEPT device. Of the 840 hysterosalpingograms
      studied, 16 congenital uterine anomalies were identified, for an incidence of
      1.9%. The presence of anomalies in this population of women may more closely
      represent the incidence of congenital uterine anomalies in the general
      population.

PMID- 3380508
TI  - The influence of abnormal pregnancies on fluorescence polarization of amniotic
      fluid lipids.
AB  - The fluorescence polarization of amniotic fluid, a measure of fetal lung
      maturity, was determined in 518 amniotic fluid samples obtained by amniocentesis.
      The subjects were divided into seven clinical groups: premature contractions,
      premature rupture of the membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes,
      intrauterine growth retardation, vaginal bleeding, and "other" for gestational
      age groups of 30 weeks or less, 31-36 weeks, and 37 or more weeks. The proportion
      of mature values (fluorescence polarization 0.285 or lower) increased
      progressively from 12.5% at 27-28 weeks to 100% at 39-40 weeks. In the 31-36-week
      gestation group, the proportion of mature values in subjects with premature
      rupture of the membranes (84.6%) was significantly higher than in those with
      premature contractions (60%), severe pregnancy-induced hypertension (50%), mild
      pregnancy-induced hypertension (55.2%), diabetes class A (50%), insulin-dependent
      diabetes (60%), and other (63.5%). The mean +/- SD fluorescence polarization
      value was significantly lower in premature rupture of the membranes (0.256 +/-
      0.030) than in premature contractions (0.274 +/- 0.032), mild and severe
      pregnancy-induced hypertension (0.280 +/- 0.027 and 0.280 +/- 0.035,
      respectively), and class A and insulin-dependent diabetes (0.285 +/- 0.018 and
      0.277 +/- 0.030, respectively). The severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension
      and diabetes did not appear to influence either the fluorescence polarization
      value or the proportion of mature results. With the exception of a marked
      influence of premature rupture of the membranes, abnormal pregnancy conditions
      did not appear to have a significant effect on fluorescence polarization of
      amniotic fluid.

PMID- 3380510
TI  - Primary invasive carcinoma of the vagina.
AB  - A retrospective study of 29 patients with invasive carcinoma of the vagina was
      completed at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University,
      for a ten-year period from 1976-1986. The overall incidence was 1.3% of all
      gynecologic malignancies. Twenty-four patients (83%) had squamous cell carcinoma
      and five (17%) had adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma was most commonly
      located in the upper anterior and lateral vaginal vaults, whereas adenocarcinoma
      was found more often in the lower anterior and lateral vaginal vaults. The
      majority of the patients (96%) were managed by a combination of whole-pelvis
      irradiation and brachytherapy. Twenty-four percent of the patients had a
      recurrence in the vagina only, indicating the need for better local control. The
      overall survival rate was 48%. Patients with previous hysterectomy were more
      likely to develop serious treatment-related complications.

PMID- 3380509
TI  - The clinical value of gas-liquid chromatography in the detection of intra
      amniotic microbial invasion.
AB  - Short-chain organic acids are byproducts of bacterial metabolism, and their
      detection by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in amniotic fluid has been proposed
      as a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the diagnosis of infection. This
      study was conducted to determine whether GLC analysis of amniotic fluid would be
      helpful in a population of women in whom the Gram stain examination was negative.
      Amniotic fluid was retrieved by transabdominal amniocentesis from three groups of
      patients. Group 1 (negative control) contained 14 women with term pregnancies
      without clinical and microbiologic evidence of infection of the amniotic cavity;
      group 2 (positive control) included 17 women with a positive Gram stain
      examination and culture of amniotic fluid; group 3 (study group) comprised 25
      women at risk for intra-amniotic infection who had a negative Gram stain of
      amniotic fluid. None of the patients in group 1 and 16 of 17 patients (94.1%) in
      group 2 had pathologic short-chain organic acids in the amniotic fluid. Seven of
      the 25 patients in group 3 had a positive amniotic fluid culture and only two had
      an abnormal GLC pattern. Of the remaining 18 patients with negative amniotic
      fluid cultures, eight had abnormal GLC results. In group 3, the sensitivity of
      GLC was 28.5% and the specificity was 55.5%. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis
      of amniotic fluid has limited clinical value in the prediction of amniotic fluid
      culture when the Gram stain examination is negative.

PMID- 3380511
TI  - Ureteral injuries in an obstetrics and gynecology training program: etiology and
      management.
AB  - Between July 1980 and September 1987, 3185 major gynecologic operations were
      performed in our residency program. Ureteral injury occurred in 17 cases, 14 of
      which (0.4%) were accidental. In 16 cases, the injury was noted intraoperatively
      and repaired primarily; one injury was repaired after identification on the
      fourth postoperative day. Large pelvic masses, which limited exposure, and tumor
      invasion of the parametrium contributed to ureteral injury. Preoperative
      intravenous pyelogram or computed tomography did not prevent ureteral damage.
      Sixteen ureteroneocystostomies were performed with good result. One
      ureteroureterostomy leaked, but healed over a percutaneous stent without
      problems. All patients subsequently had normal renal function.

PMID- 3380512
TI  - Maternal mortality in the United States: report from the Maternal Mortality
      Collaborative.
AB  - To better define the incidence, causes, and risk factors associated with maternal
      deaths, the Maternal Mortality Collaborative in 1983 initiated national voluntary
      surveillance of maternal mortality. The Maternal Mortality Collaborative reported
      601 maternal deaths from 19 reporting areas for 1980-1985, representing a
      maternal mortality ratio of 14.1 per 100,000 live births. Overall, 37% more
      maternal deaths were reported by the Maternal Mortality Collaborative than by the
      National Center for Health Statistics for these reporting areas. Older women and
      women of black and other races continued to have higher mortality than younger
      women and white women. The five most common causes of death for all reported
      cases were embolism, nonobstetric injuries, hypertensive disease of pregnancy,
      ectopic pregnancy, and obstetric hemorrhage. Compared with national maternal
      mortality for 1974-1978, ratios were lower for all causes except for indirect
      causes, anesthesia, and cerebrovascular accidents. Fatal injuries among pregnant
      women are not commonly reported to maternal mortality committees. As maternal
      mortality from direct obstetric causes continues to decline, clinicians will need
      to emphasize preventing deaths from nonobstetric causes.

PMID- 3380514
TI  - Pigmentation of human peripheral nerves associated with calcification.

PMID- 3380513
TI  - Changing rates of cesarean delivery: the Duke experience, 1978-1986.
AB  - There was a steady increase in the yearly cesarean delivery rate, from 14.0 to
      24.8%, between July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1986 at Duke University Medical Center;
      this was associated predominantly with an increase in the rate of primary
      cesarean deliveries. The three most frequent major diagnoses associated with
      primary cesarean delivery changed significantly over the study period. Fetal
      compromise became the most commonly associated diagnosis (from third), dystocia
      second (from first), and maternal disease third (from second). The categories of
      fetal positional abnormalities (fourth), abnormalities of placentation (fifth),
      and multiple pregnancy (sixth) did not change in rank. Primary cesarean delivery
      patients were compared with patients who delivered vaginally using odds ratios,
      prevalence, and population-attributable fractions. The risk factors of
      nulliparity, gestational age less than 37 weeks, late decelerations, and referral
      had the largest impact on the primary cesarean rate. Decreases in rates related
      to an increased tolerance of abnormalities of labor were overshadowed by the
      effects of increased concerns related to fetal health.

PMID- 3380515
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study on the lingual papillae in the Mongolian
      gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus.

PMID- 3380516
TI  - Ultrastructural demonstration of avidin/biotin-binding protein by block-staining
      methods in oviduct responses of hens and oestradiol-primed chicks.

PMID- 3380517
TI  - Biomechanical simulation study on the forms of the frontal bone and facial bones
      of the recent human facial skeleton by using a two-dimensional frame model with
      stepwise variable cross-section members.

PMID- 3380518
TI  - New glands found at the omasal end in the goat.

PMID- 3380519
TI  - Electron microscopic study in the gonadal development in early human embryos.

PMID- 3380520
TI  - The "intermediate epithelium" lining the mouse larynx.

PMID- 3380521
TI  - Cataract and health status: a case-control study.
AB  - Data from 97 cataract patients and 105 normal controls with ages less than 67
      years were collected with respect to sex, age, disease status, drug intake, and
      blood chemistries. The statistical method of fitting log-linear models was used
      to determine the association between the case-control indicator variable and the
      other variables. The following variables were shown to be important and to
      associate independently with the risk of developing cataracts: age, allergy,
      diabetes, hypotension, hypertension, use of analgesics and coronary disease.

PMID- 3380522
TI  - Cadmium, lead and copper concentrations in normal and senile cataractous human
      lenses.
AB  - Cadmium, lead and copper concentrations were measured in normal and cataractous
      human lenses by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of all
      three elements were relatively higher in cataractous lenses compared with
      normals, and the ratios of cataract/normal concentrations were in the order Pb
      greater than Cd greater than Cu. The concentration of these trace elements also
      varied according to lense age. It is likely that the major source of cadmium is
      tobacco smoke while that of lead is the exhaust gases of motor cars.

PMID- 3380523
TI  - Effects of mydriatic agents on neutrophil migration.
AB  - We have investigated the effects of various mydriatic agents on the locomotion of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. Human as well as rat neutrophils showed a
      dose-dependent increase of migration into micropore filters when tested against
      cyclopentolate hydrochloride at a dose range between 16 and 63 micrograms/ml. At
      higher doses (250 micrograms/ml), a complete inhibition of neutrophil migration
      was observed. A commercially available cyclopentolate hydrochloride preparation
      showed identical effects. Little or no changes in neutrophil locomotion were seen
      with atropine, homatropine, scopolamine or tropicamide when tested at the same
      concentration range. Since addition of cyclopentolate to either the lower or
      upper compartment of the multiwell chemotaxis chamber gave virtually the same
      results, it is assumed that the drug most likely induces a chemokinetic
      neutrophil response. However, an additional chemotactic effect cannot be
      excluded. These in vitro observations may help to explain an accidental
      observation in a patient with severe anterior uveitis who showed a massive,
      localized leukocyte accumulation on the corneal endothelium after contact with a
      cyclopentolate-soaked cotton pledget.

PMID- 3380524
TI  - Intraocular penetration kinetics of prednisolone after subconjunctival injection
      in rabbits.
AB  - Prednisolone concentrations in cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor and the
      residual amount in conjunctival tissue were assayed by high-performance liquid
      chromatography during a 14-hour period after subconjunctival injection of
      prednisolone sodium succinate in rabbits. Prednisolone was concentrated in the
      corneal epithelium and reached a peak within 5 min, whereas the peak level of
      prednisolone in stroma-endothelium was achieved 1 h after the injection. There
      was an apparent linear binding of prednisolone with the ocular tissue homogenates
      and fluids except for the vitreous humor. However, the protein binding of
      prednisolone with vitreous humor showed marked concentration dependency. A
      pharmacokinetic model involving a rapid conversion to prednisolone from its ester
      prodrug, first-order transfer to various tissues, and first-order elimination of
      unbound prednisolone from vitreous humor succeeded in predicting the observed
      concentration-time profiles of prednisolone in various ocular tissues and fluids
      after subconjunctival injection at three different doses: 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0
      mg/kg. The present model predicted that absorption into precorneal area and
      epithelium and direct penetration into aqueous humor and vitreous humor are 1.7,
      0.1, and 0.2% of the applied dose, respectively, and that almost the entire dose
      (98%) is absorbed into the systemic circulation, with a half-life of 38 min.

PMID- 3380525
TI  - Implication of protein carboxymethylation in retinal pigment epithelial cell
      chemotaxis.
AB  - Two chemoattractants for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, fibronectin (FN)
      and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were found to enhance protein
      carboxymethylation mediated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine in RPE cells measured by
      [3H]methanol hydrolyzed from TCA precipitable protein methyl esters labelled with
      [3H]methionine. The effect was rapid, peaking at 2 min when [3H]methanol
      production was enhanced 120% by FN and 150% by PDGF. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3
      nonyl) adenine (EHNA; 10 microM), adenosine (100 microM), and L-homocysteine
      thiolactone (100 microM) inhibited FN-induced carboxymethylation by 60%, and PDGF
      induced carboxymethylation by 59%. In modified Boyden chamber assays, the
      combination of EHNA (10 microM), adenosine (100 microM), and L-homocysteine
      thiolactone (100 microM) markedly inhibited FN-induced chemotaxis by 88% and PDGF
      induced chemotaxis by 93%). Migration of RPE cells has been implicated in the
      pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Inhibition of protein
      carboxymethylation may provide a new target in the development of pharmacologic
      therapy for PVR.

PMID- 3380526
TI  - Long-term results of cemented joint replacement? Is cement obsolete?

PMID- 3380527
TI  - A fifteen-year follow-up study of one hundred Charnley low-friction
      arthroplasties.
AB  - This two-part study concerns the fate of 100 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties
      performed in 92 patients at The Hospital for Special Surgery. The first part of
      the study is a clinical and radiographic evaluation of the 40 hips that were
      available for follow-up at an average of 15.3 years after surgery. The second
      part is a survival analysis of the arthroplasty, the individual components, and
      the patients, using data from all 100 arthroplasties. The authors conclude that
      the vast majority of older patients who undergo cemented total hip arthroplasty
      will not require a subsequent arthroplasty, and will have satisfactory pain
      relief for the remainder of their lives.

PMID- 3380528
TI  - Survival analysis of T-28 hip arthroplasty with clinical implications.
AB  - Seventeen years after its introduction, the T-28 and its successor (the TR-28)
      have proved to be a successful arthroplasty system, with very low long-term
      socket and femoral loosening rates, especially in older patients. The 10-year
      revision rate for aseptic loosening of the socket is only 2 per cent. This form
      of conventional cemented total hip replacement has provided pain relief and
      improved function in many individuals who have exhausted nonoperative treatment
      alternatives. Although there are still unsolved long-term problems for the young
      active patients, cemented hip arthroplasty continues to play an important role in
      joint replacement, and remains the treatment of choice in older and relatively
      inactive patients.

PMID- 3380529
TI  - Radiographic performance of two different total hip cemented arthroplasties. A
      survivorship analysis.
AB  - Detailed serial radiographic analysis of the femoral and acetabular components of
      367 Charnley (cobalt-chrome alloy) and 383 STH (titanium alloy) primary cemented
      total hip prostheses was conducted. The follow-up of the Charnley prosthesis
      ranged from 1 to 16 years (mean follow-up, 9 years), and for the STH from 1 to 11
      years (mean follow-up, 80 months). Both single period and survivorship analyses
      were done to evaluate the radiographic performance. The analysis revealed that
      the curved STH prostheses' overall radiographic performance was less satisfactory
      than the Charnley prostheses. However, the STH with a straight stem had
      significantly better radiographic performance compared with the Charnley
      prostheses in all parameters except in the incidence of bone-cement radiolucent
      lines.

PMID- 3380530
TI  - The nine- to fifteen-year follow-up of one-stage bilateral total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Careful selection and preoperative evaluation of patients with bilateral hip
      disease for one-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty can yield satisfactory
      results consistent with those published for unilateral hip disease. These
      patients are generally younger and more active than patients undergoing
      unilateral total hip arthroplasty and require meticulous attention to both
      technique and prosthetic design. The authors found that the Charnley design
      remains the gold standard against which other prostheses must be measured in the
      long-term follow-up.

PMID- 3380531
TI  - Long-term results of cemented arthroplasty. Analysis of complications fifteen
      years after operation.
AB  - Three retrospective long-term studies were initiated to analyze aseptic
      loosenings in cemented total joint arthroplasties. The 15-year results of more
      than 3566 total hip arthroplasties show different causes for cup and stem
      loosening and different loosening behavior in the various age and diagnosis
      groups. The excellent long-term results of total knee arthroplasty show that bone
      cement alone cannot be made responsible for the many revisions required in this
      type of surgery. The authors observed and confirmed statistically that long
      lasting duration of the implant depends to a great extent on the surgeon's own
      experience and care while using a highly developed prosthesis system.

PMID- 3380532
TI  - Long-term results of an individual surgeon.
AB  - In conclusion, my 17-year experience with total hip arthroplasty leads me to
      believe that hip replacements can be done in a standard operating room if
      adequate preoperative precautions are taken, traffic in the operating room is
      strictly controlled, and prophylactic antibiotics are given (infection rate 0.28
      per cent). Cemented resurface arthroplasty was not a successful enough operation
      to warrant its continued use (revision rate 44 per cent). The revision rate for
      all hips operated on 10 or more years ago was 7.0 per cent. In patients younger
      than fifty years of age, a revision rate of 19.6 per cent was observed after 10
      years. Excessive body weight and heavy physical activity levels were frequently
      noted among the failures. Total hip arthroplasty should be done cautiously in
      patients under 50 and very rarely in patients under 30. Thirteen of the 25
      revisions required in the early series were due to stem fracture, a complication
      rarely seen now with improved stem design and superalloy metallurgy. Despite
      radiologic identification of prosthesis loosening, revision THR may not be
      necessary for many years, if at all. Uncemented arthroplasty, particularly the
      acetabular component, seems to hold promise for the future; however, the
      experience to date is too limited to make any definite conclusions.

PMID- 3380533
TI  - Charnley low-friction arthroplasty. A fifteen- to seventeen-year follow-up study.
AB  - One hundred Charnley low-friction arthroplasties have been reviewed at 15 to 17
      years. Thirty-five of the patients have died. A revision rate of 16 per cent has
      been recorded. Only two cases demonstrated cavitation and cortical destruction of
      the femur, and these cases were revised successfully. One of the major causes for
      revision was fracture of the femoral component. With modern alloys, this should
      not be a long-term problem. Our data would suggest that the cemented arthroplasty
      can be used with confidence in patients 65 and older. It is our hope that modern
      cement technology and component design will increase the longevity of the
      cemented arthroplasty.

PMID- 3380534
TI  - Mechanical failure in the femoral component in total hip replacement.
AB  - Bone-cement lucency and migration into varus position, expressed as failure modes
      lb and IV, appear to be unfavorable. The majority of prostheses carry a collar
      that rests on cement, and in such implant types, migration of up to 4 mm within
      the cement mantle does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of
      revision.

PMID- 3380535
TI  - Modern use of modern cement for total hip replacement.
AB  - Proof is now at hand that improved cementing techniques lead to marked
      improvement in longevity of femoral component fixation. The loosening rate at 6
      years has been reduced from 20 per cent with the old techniques to less than 2
      per cent. In addition, the new advances of pressurization, porosity reduction,
      and precoating should further enhance longevity.

PMID- 3380536
TI  - The effects of modern cementing techniques on the longevity of total hip
      arthroplasty.
AB  - Modern prosthetic design and cementing techniques have dramatically improved
      femoral component fixation. Compared to studies reported in the 1970s, the
      incidence of radiographic loosening for periods up to 5 years postoperatively has
      been reduced by at least a factor of 10. These results are the benchmark by which
      alternative forms of femoral component fixation must be measured. With the
      likelihood of increased longevity of total hip arthroplasty resulting from
      improved fixation, the problems of wear debris from the bearing surfaces and loss
      of bone stock with time will become preeminent.

PMID- 3380537
TI  - Fracture of the femoral component. Analysis of failure and long-term follow-up of
      revision.
AB  - Although fracture of the femoral component is an uncommon mode of mechanical
      failure, when it does occur, symptoms may be dramatic. In addition, it presents
      the surgeon with one of the more challenging problems in revision total hip
      arthroplasty surgery. This study reviews the problem of femoral stem fracture and
      evaluates the stem failures and long-term follow-up of the revision for femoral
      component fractures performed at The Hospital for Special Surgery.

PMID- 3380538
TI  - Results of acetabular revisions with newer cement techniques.
AB  - It is the purpose of this article to evaluate the authors' results of cemented
      acetabular reconstructions in revision surgery for massive osseous deficiencies
      with the previously stated techniques. In addition, the authors will examine the
      results with respect to bone allografting and bone autografting and their
      compatibility with methyl methacrylate.

PMID- 3380539
TI  - One-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty. A prospective study of perioperative
      morbidity.
AB  - Controversy exists over the safety of performing one-stage bilateral total hip
      arthroplasty. A prospective protocol was established in 35 patients to evaluate
      the perioperative morbidity of one-stage bilateral arthroplasty as compared with
      unilateral controls. Although there was no increase in the frequency of
      respiratory morbidity in bilateral procedures, respiratory depression is common
      with both procedures. The authors believe this is consistent with varying degrees
      of the adult respiratory distress syndrome and that the term fat embolism
      syndrome is misleading and should be abandoned.

PMID- 3380540
TI  - [The aged person in the nursing home].

PMID- 3380541
TI  - [Alternating pressure mattresses for intensive care patients. A study on normal
      controls and patients].

PMID- 3380542
TI  - [Awareness of cholesterol lowers the rate of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 3380543
TI  - [The tasks of a registered nurse in a chemical enterprise--report of experience].

PMID- 3380544
TI  - Nursing home availability in Pennsylvania.

PMID- 3380545
TI  - Peer review for the independent practitioner.

PMID- 3380546
TI  - An outline curriculum on pain for medical schools.

PMID- 3380547
TI  - Stimulation-produced analgesia (SPA) from brain-stem and diencephalic sites in
      the rat: relationships between analgesia, aversion, seizures and catalepsy.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of dorsal and dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG) and
      internal capsule (IC) sites in the rat elicited tail flick and formalin test
      stimulation-produced analgesia (SPA). SPA from PAG sites was associated with
      aversion. SPA from IC sites was associated with aversion, generalized seizures
      and catalepsy. Ventrobasal nucleus of thalamus (VB) stimulation did not elicit
      analgesia or aversion but did induce behavior characteristic of limbic seizures.
      A sub-anesthetic dose of sodium pentobarbital (20 mg/kg) suppressed IC
      stimulation-produced generalized seizures and catalepsy, and attenuated, but did
      not eliminate, tail flick test analgesia. These data suggest that SPA from IC
      sites in the rat is partially confounded with reduced responsivity. The
      hypothesis that SPA associated with aversion may represent a form of stress
      induced analgesia is discussed.

PMID- 3380548
TI  - Re, do the referees of Pain read Pain?

PMID- 3380549
TI  - Re, Trazodone in dysaesthesia.

PMID- 3380550
TI  - Test-retest reliability of the pain drawing instrument.
AB  - Test-retest reliability of a pain drawing instrument was investigated. Pain
      drawings of chronic pain patients (n = 51) were scored for percentage of total
      body surface in pain and location of pain. A test-retest reliability coefficient
      of r = 0.85 was calculated for a time interval that averaged 71 days. In
      addition, a percentage of agreement based on distribution of pain over time was
      calculated at 88.2%. The effect on reliability of age, gender and time-interval
      differences was investigated. The utility of the pain drawing instrument as a
      measure of extent of pain and location of pain over time is discussed.

PMID- 3380551
TI  - The Italian Pain Questionnaire.
AB  - In order to overcome the cross-cultural semantic barriers related to the literal
      translation of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) in non-English speaking areas,
      an Italian Pain Questionnaire (IPQ) has been developed, based on the 3 factorial
      structures proposed by Melzack and Torgerson: sensory, affective and evaluative.
      A group of 30 normal subjects (15 doctors and 15 university students) was used to
      define 5 anchor words of the intensity verbal scale by means of a visual analogue
      scale, and a 5-point Present Pain Intensity (PPI) verbal scale was derived. For
      the semantic key, a first group of 80 subjects (30 university students and
      patients, respectively, and 20 doctors) was asked to sort out appropriate pain
      descriptors from 203 pain-related words with the help of clinical literature and
      Italian dictionaries. Subsequently, a second group of 80 subjects (of identical
      structural composition) was asked to allocate the 56 words previously chosen on
      the basis of word frequencies (at least 45%) to the most appropriate category in
      the Italianized MPQ. Testees were then asked to assign an intensity value to each
      word, using a VAS scale. The final pain vocabulary was formed from those words,
      which reflected a statistically significant intensity change (P less than 0.05)
      within each group. The IPQ comprises 42 pain descriptors, distributed into 3
      major classes (sensory, affective and evaluative) and 16 subclasses. It
      represents the most parsimonious, meaningful and idiomatic set of Italian pain
      descriptors, providing quantitative information that can be treated
      statistically, yet preserving a close structural parallel with the MPQ.

PMID- 3380552
TI  - Contralateral mirror-image pain following anterolateral cordotomy.
AB  - A hypothesis is put forward to explain the occurrence of mirror-image pain
      following pain relief by anterolateral cordotomy. This depends upon the fact that
      some nociceptive neurones in the deep spinal grey matter have bilaterally
      symmetrical receptive fields, one-half of which is normally subject to tonic
      descending inhibitory control. It is suggested that some cordotomy lesions may
      damage this descending inhibitory pathway. Experience following naloxone
      injection in our own cases further suggests that this inhibitory mechanism may
      normally involve enkephalinergic interneurones.

PMID- 3380553
TI  - Thalamic pain--the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
AB  - An open study of the effect of a standard course of unilateral ECT applied to 4
      patients with intractable thalamic pain. There was no significant change in pain,
      personality or affective profiles after treatment. Venous plasma endorphins were
      measured during the ECT course and there were no significant correlations with
      treatment.

PMID- 3380554
TI  - Concerning the management of pain associated with herpes zoster and of
      postherpetic neuralgia.
AB  - This simple method of achieving substantial pain control in patients with
      documented herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia has been effective in each of
      the patients in whom it has been used (the most recent 12 cases have been
      summarized for this report). It has been more effective than narcotic analgesics,
      oral anti-inflammatory analgesics, sedatives, tranquilizers, TENS, hypnosis and
      the wide variety of operative measures we have tried in the past. Although it was
      initially used pragmatically, there is now a reasonable rationale for its
      effectiveness that can be proposed based on more recent insights into the anatomy
      and neurophysiology of cutaneous nociceptors and the neuropharmacology of
      aspirin. In view of the widely held persuasion that the management of pain
      syndromes associated with herpes zoster (especially severe postherpetic
      neuralgia) is an unsatisfactory and frustrating venture, it seemed reasonable to
      report these more favorable clinical observations.

PMID- 3380555
TI  - The lack of importance of Lanwei point in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
AB  - Fifty patients with a presumptive diagnosis of acute appendicitis based on usual
      Western medicine criteria (e.g., McBurney point tenderness, increase WBC, history
      of nausea, etc.) were examined prospectively for tenderness of the Lanwei
      acupoint, just prior to the administration of general anesthesia, to evaluate
      this well known 'Appendix' point as a useful aid to diagnosing appendicitis. The
      presence or absence of tenderness was statistically not a good indicator of
      appendicitis.

PMID- 3380556
TI  - Effect of the forebrain on flexion reflexes in rats with ankle joint urate
      arthritis.
AB  - Ankle joint urate arthritis in rats is associated with increased responses to
      ankle stimulation and decreased responses to stimulation of the distal foot. To
      determine the influence of the forebrain on flexion reflexes in this model,
      responses to ankle and foot stimulation were examined in chronic decerebrate
      rats, decerebrated either before or after the induction of the arthritis. The
      increased responsiveness to stimulation of the arthritic ankle which had been
      observed after 24 h of urate arthritis was equally apparent in animals
      decerebrated 24 h before the induction of the arthritis and in those decerebrated
      24 h after the urate injection. However, the decreased responsiveness of the
      distal foot to pressure or temperature stimuli, which had been observed in
      arthritic animals with an intact forebrain, was still apparent in animals
      decerebrated 24 h after the induction of the arthritis but did not appear in
      animals who had been decerebrated before the arthritis induction. It is concluded
      that the forebrain is required for the production of the reduced responsiveness
      of the distal foot but is not required for its maintenance once the insensitive
      state has been acquired.

PMID- 3380557
TI  - Regional sympathetic blockade in primary fibromyalgia.
AB  - Twenty-eight patients with primary fibromyalgia participated in the study. Eight
      patients received a stellate ganglion blockade with bupivacaine, and 14 days
      later an intravenous regional sympathetic blockade with guanethidine. The
      remaining patients served as controls and were randomly allocated to receive
      either a sham (placebo) injection with physiologic saline superficial to the
      stellate ganglion (n = 10) or bupivacaine intramuscularly (n = 10). The
      efficiency of the stellate ganglion blockade was evaluated by measuring skin
      blood flow (using a laser Doppler flowmeter), skin temperature, and skin
      conductance responses ('sympathogalvanic reflex'). Trigger and tender points
      (TePs) were counted, and rest pain in the arm, shoulder and neck evaluated at
      intervals up to 4 h after the injection. The guanethidine blockade was evaluated
      24 h after the injection by counting TePs and by assessment of rest pain in the
      hand and forearm. The results indicate that a complete sympathetic blockade,
      produced by a stellate ganglion blockade, markedly reduced the number of TePs and
      produced a marked decrease in rest pain. The guanethidine blockade reduced the
      number of TePs, but had no effect on rest pain. The reduction in pain and TePs
      produced by a sympathetic blockade may be due to an improvement in
      microcirculation. Sympathetic activity may, in some patients, contribute to the
      pathogenesis of primary fibromyalgia.

PMID- 3380558
TI  - Paediatric anaesthetists' perceptions of neonatal and infant pain.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to all members of the Association of Paediatric
      Anaesthetists in the U.K. and Eire, enquiring into their attitudes towards the
      perception of pain, its assessment and the use of opioids and regional
      anaesthesia in neonates and infants under 1 year of age. Sixty members returned
      completed forms out of a total of 66. The results showed that although most
      anaesthetists in the survey believe that even neonates feel pain, they are
      reluctant to prescribe analgesia. It was found that the objective signs
      considered to be most indicative of pain were potentially misleading.

PMID- 3380559
TI  - The development of a self-administered psychophysical scaling method: range
      effects.
AB  - 101 subjects engaged in a self-administered cross-modal matching task to scale
      descriptors of pain intensity and unpleasantness. The correlation between the two
      responses was used to determine reliability (internal consistency). When r
      greater than or equal to 0.90 was set as a criterion about 3% of the subjects
      were unable to calibrate standard stimuli reliability, 6% were unable to
      calibrate intensity descriptors and 60% were unable to calibrate unpleasantness
      descriptors reliably. When the criterion reliability was set at r greater than or
      equal to 0.85 all subjects successfully scaled the intensity descriptors. Further
      relaxation of the criterion to r greater than or equal to 0.80 reduced the
      'failure' rate for unpleasantness descriptors to 24%. These data compare
      favourably with other published results from non-chronic and chronic pain
      patients. The provision of a fixed reference value produced range effects in the
      resulting scale but do not severely attenuate the range of the scale as has been
      previously suggested. It is concluded that a self-administered version of the
      task is feasible. Reasons for the poor performance with the unpleasantness
      descriptors are discussed.

PMID- 3380560
TI  - Parametric and pharmacological studies of midbrain suppression of the hind limb
      flexion withdrawal reflex in the rat.
AB  - These experiments quantitatively analyzed effects of electrical midbrain
      stimulation on a nociceptive hind limb flexion reflex in rats anesthetized with
      sodium pentobarbital. We recorded the force of isometric hind limb flexion
      withdrawal, and related flexor electromyographic (EMG) activity, elicited by
      noxious heat (42-54 degrees C, 10 sec) applied to the ventral hind paw. Several
      hind limb flexors including biceps femoris were active during the reflex.
      Quantified reflex responses to identical noxious heat stimuli delivered every 2
      min were constant in magnitude and were reduced or abolished during stimulation
      (100 msec trains at 100 Hz, 3/sec, 15-325 microA) in the midbrain periaqueductal
      gray (PAG) or lateral reticular formation (LRF). LRF was significantly more
      effective than PAG stimulation in suppressing reflex responses. The magnitude of
      the reflex responses increased with graded increases in the temperature of the
      noxious heat stimulus. The slope of the temperature-response relationship was
      significantly reduced during PAG stimulation, whereas it was shifted toward
      higher temperatures with significantly increased threshold during LRF
      stimulation. To investigate possible transmitters involved, we tested if PAG- or
      LRF-evoked reflex suppression was affected following systemic administration of
      the opiate antagonist naloxone, the serotonin antagonist methysergide, the
      noradrenergic antagonist phentolamine, or the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine.
      Naloxone had little effect, while methysergide and phentolamine reduced PAG- and
      LRF-evoked reflex suppression in about one-half of the cases. Scopolamine largely
      reduced PAG- and LRF-evoked reflex suppression (in 8/9 and 4/6 rats,
      respectively). These results indicate that the flexion reflex is under
      parametrically but not pharmacologically distinct inhibitory midbrain controls.

PMID- 3380561
TI  - Inhibition of rat spinothalamic tract neuronal responses to noxious skin heating
      by stimulation in midbrain periaqueductal gray or lateral reticular formation.
AB  - The descending inhibitory effects of electrical midbrain stimulation on
      identified lumbar spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons were investigated in rats
      anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. STT units were identified by their
      antidromic response to stimulation in the contralateral ventrobasal thalamus or
      medial lemniscus (mean conduction velocity: 18-20 m/sec). Thirty-two of 43 dorsal
      horn multireceptive STT units gave reproducible responses to noxious heat stimuli
      (42-56 degrees C, 10 sec) applied to the ventral hind paw. All STT units'
      responses were suppressed during stimulation (100 msec trains at 100 Hz, 3/sec,
      15-300 microA) in PAG or LRF bilaterally. On- and offset of inhibition was rapid
      (less than 1 sec). STT unit responses to noxious heat were more effectively
      suppressed by LRF than PAG stimulation, based on statistically significant
      differences in mean thresholds for inhibition, slopes of current-inhibition
      plots, and mean current intensities evoking 50% inhibition. Mapping experiments
      revealed lowest-threshold (less than 25 microA) sites for inhibition to be in
      ventral PAG, subjacent tegmentum, and LRF bilaterally. STT unit responses
      increased with graded increases in stimulus temperature from threshold (mean: 46
      degrees C) to 56 degrees C. Slopes of temperature-response functions were
      significantly reduced with little change in threshold during PAG stimulation,
      whereas these functions were shifted in a parallel manner toward higher
      temperatures during LRF stimulation. The serotonin antagonist methysergide
      reduced or blocked PAG- or LRF-evoked inhibition in 3/5 and 5/12 STT units,
      respectively. These results indicate that STT units are subject to different
      inhibitory controls from PAG and LRF.

PMID- 3380562
TI  - Apparent hyperalgesia after lesions of the descending serotonergic pathways is
      due to increased tail skin temperature.
AB  - It has been suggested that the descending serotonergic pathways exercise a tonic
      inhibition on nociception in the spinal cord. In this study 5,6
      dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT, 20 micrograms base) injected intrathecally in rats
      reduced spinal serotonin concentration to 3.5% of control levels without
      significantly affecting spinal noradrenaline. The lesion reduced the mean tail
      flick latency by approximately 35% and increased the mean tail skin temperature
      by approximately 3.5 degrees C; both parameters gradually returned to normal
      values within 2-3 weeks. Both in controls and in lesioned animals there was a
      highly significant negative correlation between tail skin temperature and tail
      flick latency. Multiple regression analysis showed that the effect of lesioning
      on tail-flick latency was non-significant when the effect of skin temperature was
      taken into account. Thus the reduced tail-flick latency after lesions of
      descending serotonergic pathways, usually interpreted as increased nociception,
      may be due to changes in tail skin temperature.

PMID- 3380563
TI  - The ability of a mathematical model to evaluate the effects of two pain
      modulating procedures on pulpal pain in man.
AB  - The ability of a mathematical model to evaluate the effects of two different pain
      modulating procedures (partial nerve block and vibration) on acute experimental
      pulpal pain was studied. The results were also compared with placebo procedures
      and it was shown that the model could accurately quantify the parameters that
      determine the pain response following cold-induced intradental nerve impulse
      activity (INA). The most effective pain relieving method was found to be partial
      nerve block which induced significant parameter alterations reflecting decreased
      pain sensation and increased reaction time. Thus, it was shown that the present
      mathematical model is a useful tool enabling detailed analysis of differences in
      pain relieving procedures on human pulpal pain mediated by nerves of the A type.

PMID- 3380564
TI  - Re: Does frequency of utilization of nerve blocks in pain clinics vary with the
      specialty of the director?

PMID- 3380565
TI  - How effective is preschool vision, hearing, and developmental screening?

PMID- 3380566
TI  - The camp health program and staff orientation.

PMID- 3380567
TI  - The use of puppets to teach school-age children with asthma.

PMID- 3380568
TI  - Incorporating research into a community asthma program.

PMID- 3380569
TI  - Developmental differences and interventions for blind children.

PMID- 3380570
TI  - Infantile spasms.

PMID- 3380571
TI  - Helping parents prepare for travel and vacations with children.

PMID- 3380573
TI  - Understanding fluid balance in the seriously ill child.

PMID- 3380572
TI  - Ribavirin: an antiviral agent with promise.

PMID- 3380574
TI  - Risk factors for adolescent pregnancy in students.

PMID- 3380575
TI  - "Don't move the furniture!" An intervention based on a cognitive assessment.

PMID- 3380576
TI  - Art supplies and high risk children.

PMID- 3380577
TI  - Pediatric management problems (sexual abuse).

PMID- 3380578
TI  - European Pediatric Respiratory Society, sixth meeting. Helsinki, Finland, August
      25-28, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3380579
TI  - On risks of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

PMID- 3380580
TI  - Respiratory pattern at hospital discharge in asymptomatic preterm infants.
AB  - Pneumogram (PG) recordings were performed in 87 very low birthweight (VLBW)
      asymptomatic infants just prior to hospital discharge to determine the
      relationships between: 1) a prior history of apnea of prematurity (AOP) and
      cardiorespiratory pattern; and 2) cardiorespiratory pattern at hospital discharge
      and postconceptional age. Apnea density (A6/D%) and longest apnea were
      significantly greater in those with (n = 66), versus without (n = 21) a prior
      history of AOP (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Although PG
      values for the 21 VLBW infants without a prior history of AOP did not differ
      significantly from those of full-term infants, for the 66 VLBW infants with a
      prior AOP history A6/D% (P less than 0.01), episodes of periodic breathing (P
      less than 0.05) and longest apnea (P less than 0.001) were significantly greater
      compared with full-term infants. Postconceptional age was significantly less in
      the VLBW infants with A6/D% values above, compared with those within the 95th
      percentile for normal infants (median age, 36 and 37.5 weeks; P = 0.01).
      Therefore, respiratory pattern abnormalities in asymptomatic VLBW infants ready
      for hospital discharge are related to a prior history of AOP and may be
      significantly higher than in full-term infants at the postconceptional ages at
      which hospital discharge now tends to occur.

PMID- 3380581
TI  - Airway responsiveness to cold, dry air in normal infants.
AB  - Reactive airway disease may be related to genetic, infectious, and environmental
      factors. The latter two have been well documented, but there are no data on
      nonspecific airway responsiveness in normal infants prior to any insult to the
      respiratory tract. We measured forced expiratory flow by the thoracic compression
      technique and lung volume in 30 normal infants before and after challenge with
      cold, dry air (CDA) and compared the results with those in 12 infants who did not
      receive CDA challenge. As a group, infants challenged with CDA had a mean
      decrease in VmaxFRC of 17.9 +/- 24.1% SD. This was significantly different (P
      less than 0.01) from the lack of change (+ 1.3 +/- 18.1% SD) seen in the control
      group. We conclude that nonspecific airway reactivity may exist from early
      infancy and may predate any known lung injury. The relationship of this airway
      responsiveness to subsequent reactive airway disease and other respiratory
      illnesses is unknown and requires longitudinal study.

PMID- 3380582
TI  - Microbiologic characteristics of exfoliative toxin-producing Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - Exfoliative toxin (ET) production, phage types and antibiotic susceptibilities of
      74 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with generalized
      staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome or bullous impetigo were studied. Of 74
      staphylococcal isolates, 61 strains were found to produce ET by the newborn mouse
      assay method and the latex agglutination method. Fifteen strains were positive
      for ET-A, 32 for ET-B and 14 for both ET-A and ET-B. Among 61 ET-producing
      strains 27 (44%) were classified as Phage Group II, 16 (26%) as Group III, and 14
      (23%) as Groups I and III. Of 27 Phage Group II strains 14 produced ET-A and 13
      produced both ET-A and ET-B, but no strain was positive solely for ET-B. On the
      other hand 15 of 16 Phage Group III strains and all 14 Phage Group I and III
      strains produced only ET-B. It was demonstrated that the phage types of
      staphylococci were closely related to ET types. Characteristically the minimal
      inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G against ET-producing strains were less
      than 2 micrograms/ml, in contrast to other pathogenic staphylococci, 60 to 70% of
      which are highly penicillin G-resistant.

PMID- 3380583
TI  - Precision of acoustic reflectometry with recorder in acute otitis media.
AB  - There have been conflicting reports about the accuracy of the acoustic
      reflectometer in detecting middle ear fluid. A recording device connected to the
      reflectometer prints a graph showing the value of reflectivity to 0.1 unit.
      Twenty-four ears of children with suspected acute otitis media were studied. Ten
      reflectivity values were obtained for each patient. The mean standard deviation
      was 0.20 unit. Thus the imprecision of the instrument previously reported can be
      overcome by the recording device.

PMID- 3380584
TI  - Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: transmission of exfoliatin-producing
      Staphylococcus aureus by an asymptomatic carrier.

PMID- 3380585
TI  - Clostridium septicum sepsis and cerebritis: a rare complication of the hemolytic
      uremic syndrome.

PMID- 3380586
TI  - Chloramphenicol neurotoxicity.

PMID- 3380587
TI  - Congenital echovirus 11 pneumonia in association with pulmonary hypertension.

PMID- 3380588
TI  - Acinetobacter osteomyelitis from a hamster bite.

PMID- 3380589
TI  - Yersinia pestis: a case of mistaken identity.

PMID- 3380590
TI  - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

PMID- 3380591
TI  - Postneurosurgical Candida lusitaniae meningitis.

PMID- 3380593
TI  - Emergency drug dosage guides.

PMID- 3380592
TI  - Pediatric abdominal trauma: evaluation by computed tomography.
AB  - When indications for immediate laparotomy are not present, CT of the abdomen and
      pelvis can be used to evaluate pediatric blunt abdominal trauma. During 2-year
      period, the medical records and abdominal/pelvic CT scans of 100 consecutive
      pediatric patients who were evaluated for blunt abdominal trauma were
      retrospectively reviewed. The scans appeared normal for 73 children. Of these
      children, 30 had severe head injuries and a depressed sensorium. A total of 27
      abdominal/pelvic CT scans were interpreted as abnormal. Findings included nine
      splenic fractures, six renal contusions, nine hepatic lacerations, one duodenal
      hematoma, one traumatic pancreatitis, four bony injuries, six miscellaneous
      abnormalities, and one intraperitoneal bleed. Only two of these 27 patients
      required abdominal surgery. The remaining 25 patients were treated conservatively
      based upon a stable clinical state and CT delineation of the extent of injury. No
      mortality resulted. CT is the radiographic examination of choice for
      hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with blunt abdominal trauma. CT
      provided a reliable adjunct examination technique when a physical examination
      could not be performed and a complete history could not be obtained. The extent
      of abdominal/pelvic injuries is well delineated and can often be followed by
      diagnostic imaging, usually allowing for conservative therapy.

PMID- 3380594
TI  - School bus seat belts?

PMID- 3380595
TI  - Aspirin and Reye syndrome.

PMID- 3380596
TI  - Cocaine abusers as mothers.

PMID- 3380597
TI  - Treatable dystonia presenting as spastic cerebral palsy.

PMID- 3380598
TI  - Adverse drug reactions in children leading to hospital admission.
AB  - To provide information regarding pediatric hospital admissions prompted by
      adverse drug reactions, data were reviewed from an intensive drug surveillance
      program in which 10,297 patients admitted to diverse pediatric wards at four
      teaching and three community hospitals were systematically monitored. Among 3,026
      neonatal intensive care unit admissions, 0.2% were prompted by adverse drug
      reactions; among 725 children with cancer, 22% of admissions were prompted by
      adverse drug reactions. Among 6,546 children with other conditions monitored on
      general medical and specialty wards at two teaching hospitals and on general
      pediatric wards at three community hospitals, 2% (131) of admissions were
      prompted by adverse drug reactions. Two patients (0.03%) died because of their
      reactions. The proportion of admissions prompted by drug reactions increased
      between infancy and 5 years of age and tended to be relatively stable thereafter.
      The drugs most commonly implicated in the admissions were phenobarbital, aspirin,
      phenytoin, ampicillin/amoxicillin, theophylline/aminophylline, trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole, and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. Similar proportions
      of admissions were prompted by adverse drug reactions in teaching hospitals
      (2.1%) and in community hospitals (1.8%), and the drug groups implicated in these
      admissions were generally similar in the two settings. In contrast to adult
      populations, children with adverse drug reactions account for a small proportion
      of hospital admissions. Findings from this large, systematic study of pediatric
      admissions to teaching and community hospitals may serve as a baseline to which
      other pediatric facilities can compare their experience.

PMID- 3380599
TI  - Otitis media in neonatal intensive care unit graduates: a 1-year prospective
      study.
AB  - A group of 46 high-risk infants (graduates of a neonatal intensive care unit) and
      19 full-term infants were observed prospectively for middle ear status beginning
      at 40 weeks' postconceptional age. All infants were born to families living in
      low socioeconomic urban neighborhoods. Pneumootoscopy was used to determine the
      presence or absence of middle ear effusion during periodic medical and nonmedical
      visits throughout a 1-year period. Of all infants studied, 91% had at least one
      episode of otitis media with effusion during the observation interval. There were
      no differences in the percentages of visits during which high-risk and full-term
      infants experienced either normal middle ears bilaterally or otitis media with
      effusion in one or both ears. Furthermore, the age of onset of otitis media with
      effusion was similar for the two groups of babies. No differences were found
      between boys and girls in the age of onset for otitis media or in the percentage
      of visits at which otitis media with effusion was detected. Hispanic infants
      experienced their initial episode at significantly younger ages than did black
      infants in the sample. Both groups had similar percentages of visits attributable
      to otitis media with effusion during the observation period. The results indicate
      a high incidence among the infants studied and similar otologic courses for
      neonatal intensive care unit graduates and full-term infants during the first
      year of life.

PMID- 3380600
TI  - Hypoxic arousal responses in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
AB  - Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a high incidence of sudden,
      unexplained death in the postneonatal period, yet the cause of these deaths is
      unknown. Frequent episodes of clinically unsuspected arterial oxygen desaturation
      have recently been described in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We
      hypothesized that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who experience frequent
      episodes of hypoxia may have abnormal arousal responses to these hypoxic
      episodes. We studied 12 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 41.4 +/- 1.3
      weeks postconceptional age. Hypoxic arousal responses were performed during quiet
      sleep at an inspired oxygen tension of 80 mm Hg for a maximum of three minutes or
      until arousal occurred. Of 12 infants, 11 (92%) aroused normally to the hypoxic
      challenge. However, all infants required vigorous stimulation and supplemental
      oxygen after the initial arousal response. Of 12 infants with bronchopulmonary
      dysplasia, eight (67%) experienced prolonged apnea with bradycardia, and four of
      12 (33%) required brief ventilatory assistance (bag and mask) to restore normal
      breathing. Abnormal pneumographic findings did not predict the occurrence of
      these prolonged periods of apnea and bradycardia following hypoxia. We conclude
      that an abnormal response to hypoxia following arousal may lead to prolonged
      apnea and bradycardia in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We speculate
      that the inability to recover from this hypoxia may result in sudden death in
      these infants.

PMID- 3380601
TI  - Carbohydrate malabsorption following fruit juice ingestion in young children.
AB  - We performed breath hydrogen analyses in 13 healthy children (9 to 36 months of
      age) and seven children (14 to 27 months of age) with chronic nonspecific
      diarrhea after they had ingested pear, grape, and apple juices and a 2% sorbitol
      solution. Excess breath H2 excretion was found in virtually all study subjects
      following the ingestion of either pear juice (with approximately 2% sorbitol
      content) or the 2% sorbitol solution, in approximately 50% of those ingesting
      apple juice (0.5% sorbitol), and in 25% of those ingesting grape juice (no
      sorbitol) (P less than .001, analysis of variance). No differences were noted
      between the healthy children and those with chronic nonspecific diarrhea. Forty
      percent of all study subjects in whom excess breath hydrogen excretion occurred
      also had diarrhea and abdominal cramping. Carbohydrate malabsorption appears to
      be frequent following the ingestion of common fruit juices and in some children
      may be associated with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms.

PMID- 3380602
TI  - Systemic vasculitis associated with eosinophilia and marked degranulation of
      tissue eosinophils.
AB  - A 9-year-old girl had fever, life-threatening interstitial pneumonia, a vesicular
      skin rash, parotid and submandibular swelling, and marked blood eosinophilia (WBC
      count 47,000/microL, 39% eosinophils). Results of lung and skin biopsies showed
      vasculitis with intense eosinophil infiltration. Immunofluorescence analyses of
      these biopsies, as well as analysis of tissue from the parotid, lip, and trachea,
      showed striking deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein associated
      with areas of tissue damage. Treatment with glucocorticoids and hydroxyurea
      produced clinical improvement. The association between tissue damage and
      deposition of the cytotoxic major basic protein suggests that the eosinophil
      contributed to the pathophysiology of this disease. Recognition of the capacity
      of the eosinophil to produce tissue damage can be helpful in the selection of
      therapy.

PMID- 3380603
TI  - Congenital malformations and intrauterine growth retardation: a population study.
AB  - The relationship between congenital malformations and intrauterine growth
      retardation was investigated using data from the population-based Metropolitan
      Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. Between 1970 and 1984, the system ascertained
      13,074 infants with major structural malformations diagnosed in the first year of
      life and born to metropolitan Atlanta residents. These infants were classified as
      having intrauterine growth retardation if their birth weight was below the race-,
      sex-, and gestational age-specific tenth percentile limits for all Atlanta
      births. Overall, the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation among malformed
      infants was 22.3% (relative risk 2.6). Of 48 defect categories evaluated, 46 were
      associated with excess intrauterine growth retardation, most notably chromosomal
      anomalies (eg, 83.7% for infants with trisomy 18, relative risk 46) and
      anencephaly (73.3%, relative risk 25). Only a few isolated defects (such as
      isolated polydactyly, pyloric stenosis, and congenital hip dislocation) were not
      associated with excess intrauterine growth retardation. Among infants with
      multiple malformations, the frequency of intrauterine growth retardation
      increased markedly with increasing number of defects--from 20% for infants with
      two defects to 60% for infants with nine or more defects. The relationship
      between malformations and intrauterine growth retardation can be explained by one
      or more of three mechanisms: (1) intrauterine growth retardation can be a
      secondary disturbance to the presence of malformations; (2) intrauterine growth
      retardation can predispose the fetus to malformations; and (3) intrauterine
      growth retardation can coexist with malformations because of common etiologic
      factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380604
TI  - [Function of the hypophyseo-thyroid system of newborn and nursing infants with
      hypotrophy].

PMID- 3380605
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children].

PMID- 3380606
TI  - [Fatty acid composition of maternal breast milk in the first 3 months of
      lactation following term and premature labor].

PMID- 3380607
TI  - [Clinical significance of changes in the activity of LDH and MDH isoenzymes in
      acute bronchitis in children].

PMID- 3380608
TI  - [Function of the cardiovascular system of children with enterocolitis and a
      malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 3380609
TI  - [Experience in studying the concentration of middle molecules in the blood of
      children with viral hepatitis A].

PMID- 3380610
TI  - [Diagnosis of vitamin D-deficiency rickets].

PMID- 3380611
TI  - [Vitamin D metabolite levels in rickets in infants receiving specific
      prophylaxis].

PMID- 3380612
TI  - [The activity of acetylation processes and the lipid metabolic indices of young
      infants with hypotrophy].

PMID- 3380613
TI  - [A mild form of iron-deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency--a borderline
      state in infants in the first 2 years of life].

PMID- 3380614
TI  - [Clinico-immunological parallels in children with skin manifestations of
      exudative-catarrhal diathesis and respiratory pathology against a background of
      allergic diathesis].

PMID- 3380615
TI  - [Diagnostic potentials of thermography in diseases of the joints in children].

PMID- 3380616
TI  - [Reasons for diagnostic errors in acute pneumonia in children].

PMID- 3380617
TI  - [Characteristics of the malabsorption entero-oxaluric syndrome in nursing infants
      with primary oxalosis].

PMID- 3380618
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of reactive arthritis in young children].

PMID- 3380619
TI  - [Characteristics of circumscribed scleroderma in children and its relation to
      systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 3380621
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment experience in congenital pylorostenosis].

PMID- 3380620
TI  - [Use of the blood plasma of donors immunized with an enterobacterial vaccine in
      treating sepsis in premature infants].

PMID- 3380622
TI  - [Early detection and medical first aid for children with vision pathology in
      general diseases].

PMID- 3380623
TI  - [Treatment organization and procedure in the hospital for patients with
      mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 3380624
TI  - [Importance of screening in studying the prevalence of pollinosis among preschool
      children in Irkutsk].

PMID- 3380625
TI  - [Differential approach to the treatment of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in
      children].

PMID- 3380626
TI  - [Treatment procedure in acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in children].

PMID- 3380627
TI  - [Treatment experience in acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis in children].

PMID- 3380628
TI  - [Parietal bacterial endocarditis in a nursing infant].

PMID- 3380629
TI  - [The incontinentia pigmenti syndrome].

PMID- 3380630
TI  - [Peritol in the combined treatment of dermatoses in children].

PMID- 3380632
TI  - Lightness contrast and failures of constancy: a common explanation.

PMID- 3380631
TI  - Discrimination of the rate of filtered impulses.

PMID- 3380633
TI  - The interaction of target size and background pattern on perceived velocity
      during visual tracking.

PMID- 3380634
TI  - Local versus global minima in visual pattern completion.

PMID- 3380635
TI  - Orientation specificity of length assimilation and contrast.

PMID- 3380636
TI  - Interpolated elastic structure from the motion of dots.

PMID- 3380637
TI  - The effect of configural orientation on perceived trajectory in apparent motion.

PMID- 3380638
TI  - Real and subjective lines and edges in the Bourdon illusion.

PMID- 3380639
TI  - Strong phenomenal wholes are associated with fast "same" and slow "different"
      responses and superior overall performance.

PMID- 3380640
TI  - Dimensional interactions and the structure of psychological space: the
      representation of hue, saturation, and brightness.

PMID- 3380641
TI  - Activation of chloride conductance induced by potassium in tracheal epithelium.
AB  - The effects of partial replacement of bathing solution sodium by potassium on
      potential difference, conductance and ion transport of canine tracheal epithelium
      were studied in Ussing chambers. Whereas up to 100 mmol/l mucosal K+ had no
      effect, raised serosal [K+] induced a concentration dependent decrease in
      transepithelial potential difference and increase in conductance. When serosal K+
      was 100 mmol/l, the potential difference fell 30 mV to 1.1 +/- 1.0 mV and
      conductance rose 4.5 mS/cm2 to 6.6 +/- 0.9 mS/cm2. Seventy-five percent of the K+
      induced conductance required Cl- (120 mmol/l) in the luminal bathing solution.
      Unidirectional Cl- fluxes were increased by raised serosal K+ but 14C-mannitol
      permeability was unchanged. The increased unidirectional Cl- flux induced by high
      K+ exposure was inhibited by luminal exposure to diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid
      (DPC) or other chloride channel blockers, but was not inhibited by loop
      diuretics. These results suggest that in the presence of 100 mmol/l serosal K+
      the transcellular chloride conductance of tracheal epithelium was increased.
      Increased chloride conductance of the apical cell membrane contributed to the
      raised transcellular permeability, but the route across the basolateral cell
      membrane was not identified.

PMID- 3380643
TI  - Changes in intracellular ion activities induced by adrenaline in human and rat
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - To study the stimulating effect of adrenaline (ADR) on active Na+/K+ transport we
      used double-barrelled ion-sensitive micro-electrodes to measure the activities of
      extracellular K+ (aKe) and intracellular Na+ (aNai) in isolated preparations of
      rat soleus muscle, normal human intercostal muscle and in one case of
      hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (h.p.p.). In these preparations, bath-application
      of ADR (10(-6) M) resulted in a membrane hyperpolarization and transient
      decreases aKe and aNai which could be blocked by ouabain (3 x 10(-4) M). In the
      h.p.p. muscle a continuous rise of aNai induced by elevation of aKe to 5.2 mM
      could be stopped by ADR. In addition, the intracellular K+ activity (aKi), the
      free intracellular Ca2+ concentration (pCai) and intracellular pH (pHi) were
      monitored in rat soleus muscle. During ADR aKi increased, pHi remained constant
      and intracellular Ca2+ apparently decreased. In conclusion, our data show that
      ADR primarily stimulates the Na+/K+ pump in mammalian skeletal muscle. This
      stimulating action is not impaired in the h.p.p. muscle.

PMID- 3380644
TI  - Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to submaximal exercise training in the
      thoroughbred horse.
AB  - Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to submaximal exercise training were
      investigated in 6 thoroughbred racehorses. Oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR) and
      arteriovenous oxygen content difference were measured during incremental
      treadmill exercise tests, before and after 7 weeks of treadmill training. Cardiac
      output during exercise was calculated by the direct Fick technique. Maximal
      oxygen uptake (VO2max) was increased by 23% after training, from 129.7 ml/kg/min
      to 160.0 ml/kg/min. The treadmill speed at which VO2max was attained increased by
      19%. The increased aerobic power after training was associated with an increase
      in maximal cardiac output and stroke volume, a decrease in arteriovenous oxygen
      difference and no change in HR. There was no change in pulmonary ventilation
      during exercise at VO2max. Mean mixed venous oxygen content (CvO2) at VO2max
      before training was 2.8 +/- 1.0 ml/100 ml blood (mean +/- SE). After training the
      value was 8.6 +/- 1.4 ml/100 ml blood. It is concluded that the increase in
      VO2max after training in the horse is dependant on augmented blood flow, and is
      not dependant on either increased arterial oxygen content or arteriovenous oxygen
      content difference. Cardiac capacity to pump blood is therefore of primary
      importance as a determinant of increases in VO2max due to training in the horse.

PMID- 3380642
TI  - The distribution of potassium, sodium and chloride across the apical membrane of
      renal tubular cells: effect of acute metabolic alkalosis.
AB  - Studies were undertaken to define the effect of acute metabolic alkalosis
      (hypertonic sodium bicarbonate i.v.) on the chemical gradients for potassium,
      sodium and chloride across the apical membrane of individual renal tubule cells.
      Electron microprobe analysis was used on freeze-dried cryosections of the rat
      renal cortex to measure electrolyte concentrations in proximal tubule cells and
      in the various cell types of the superficial distal tubule. Analyses were also
      performed in fluid samples obtained by micropuncture from proximal and early and
      late distal collection sites. Compared with the appropriate controls (hypertonic
      sodium chloride i.v.), administration of sodium bicarbonate resulted only in
      small and mostly insignificant increases in cell potassium concentrations and
      induced only minor alterations in the cell/tubule fluid potassium concentration
      gradient for all cell types analysed. This observation suggests that under this
      condition factors other than an increase in cell potassium concentration are
      important in modulating potassium transfer across the apical membrane of
      potassium secreting cells. Nevertheless, since in alkalosis phosphorus and cell
      dry weight were decreased, and hence cell volume increased, in all but the
      intercalated cells, actually the potassium content of most tubular cells was
      higher under this condition. In comparison with animals infused with isotonic
      saline at low rates (hydropenic controls), infusion of either hypertonic sodium
      chloride or sodium bicarbonate led to a sharp increase in distal tubule fluid
      sodium concentrations and in the sodium concentrations of distal convoluted
      tubule, connecting tubule and principal cells, indicating that under both
      conditions the primary event causing enhanced transepithelial sodium absorption
      is stimulation of the sodium entry step.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380645
TI  - Resetting of tubuloglomerular feedback in acute volume expansion in rats.
AB  - Loss of sensitivity or "resetting" of tubulo-glomerular feedback has been
      reported after both acute and chronic volume expansion in rats. In chronic volume
      expansion due to dietary salt loading, resetting was found to result from the
      appearance of an inhibitory factor in tubular fluid. The aim of the present study
      was to test the possibility that resetting after acute isooncotic volume
      expansion may also be due to such an inhibitor. Rats were acutely volume expanded
      (4.5% of body weight) by infusion of a solution of fresh plasma and Ringer's
      solution. Tubuloglomerular feedback activity was assessed in expanded and control
      animals by measuring early proximal flow (EPF) rate during perfusion of the loop
      of Henle at varying rates with proximal tubular fluid harvested from the control
      (control TF) and expanded animals (AVE TF). When loops of Henle in control
      animals were perfused with control TF at 10, 20 or 40 nl min-1, EPF fell from
      (mean +/- SD) 29.8 +/- 5.6 at zero loop flow to 27.5 +/- 7.5, 21.1 +/- 4.2 and
      15.5 +/- 4.5 nl min-1 gKW-1 respectively. Perfusion at the same rates with
      control TF in expanded animals reduced EPF from 39.5 +/- 9.6 (at zero loop flow)
      to 35.9 +/- 11.3, 31.6 +/- 4.3 and 22.9 +/- 6.8 nl min-1 gKW-1 respectively. When
      loops of Henle in control animals were perfused with AVE TF, EPF fell from 28.6
      +/- 9.5 (zero loop flow) to 23.5 +/- 8.6, 19.9 +/- 8.2 and 15.6 +/- 6.5 nl min-1
      gKW-1 respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380646
TI  - Histidine transport in plasma membrane vesicles from rat liver.
AB  - The transport of L-histidine, a selective substrate for system N, across liver
      plasma membrane vesicles has been studied. The amino acid is accumulated
      sevenfold within the intravesicular space in the presence of a sodium gradient.
      Lithium can replace sodium to some extent in the cotransport mechanism. The amino
      acid translocation is not influenced by the transmembrane electrical potential
      difference. Histidine kinetics involves a saturable component plus a linear one
      both in the presence and in the absence of sodium. Sodium affects mainly the
      affinity of the translocator and to a lesser extent its mobility. Histidine
      uptake is competitively inhibited by glutamine and it is affected by alanine in a
      noncompetitive manner.

PMID- 3380647
TI  - Electrolyte transport across the rabbit caecum in vitro.
AB  - Electrolyte transport across rabbit caecal epithelium was investigated in vitro
      using conventional short-circuiting and radioisotope techniques. In standard
      saline the caecum exhibited a relatively high short-circuit current (Isc = 4.4
      microEq.cm-2.h-1) and conductance (6.43 mS.cm-2). Both sodium and chloride were
      absorbed (JNa(net) = 6.40 and JCl(net) = 3.40 microEq.cm-2.h-1) and potassium was
      secreted (JK(net) = -0.5 microEq.cm-2.h-1). Removal of Na+ abolished Isc and
      JCl(net) whereas removal of Cl- reduced JNa(net) to 2.92 microEq.cm-2.h-1 but did
      not alter Isc. In HCO3(-)-free salines containing 10(-4) M acetazolamide JCl(net)
      was abolished and JNa(net) and Isc were reduced to 2.3 and 2.5 microEq.cm-2.h-1
      respectively. A positive residual ion flux (approximately 1 microEq.cm-2.h-1) was
      detected in standard and Cl(-)-free salines but not in Na+-free or HCO3- buffers.
      Mucosal amiloride (10(-3) M) decreased net Na+ and Cl- absorption but did not
      decrease Isc. Mucosal DIDS (10(-4) M) decreased JCl(net) while mucosal bumetanide
      (10(-4) M) did not affect any of the measured parameters. Finally, addition of
      theophylline (8 mM) stimulated Cl- secretion and increased Isc. It is concluded
      that net sodium absorption by caecal epithelia occurs by both electrogenic and
      electroneutral mechanisms whereas net chloride absorption occurs only by an
      electroneutral process. Coupling of the absorptive fluxes of Na+ and Cl- may
      result from Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- antiport systems in this tissue. Finally, it is
      proposed that up to half of the Isc is due to a Na+-dependent secretion of
      bicarbonate ion.

PMID- 3380648
TI  - Bias current modifies the selectivity of liquid membrane ion-selective
      microelectrodes.
AB  - A negative bias potential of up to -80 mV applied to the back of a liquid
      membrane ion-selective microelectrode containing classical "K+" ion-exchanger was
      found to make it more selective for millimolar concentrations of K+ over
      micromolar concentrations of choline, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium and
      5-hydroxytryptamine. Conversely, positive bias potential increased severalfold
      the sensitivity to micromolar concentrations of these ions while decreasing the
      sensitivity to K+. An increase in response amplitude for millimolar changes of
      ion concentration was also observed in neutral carrier electrodes for Na+, K+ and
      Ca2+ with negative bias potential. The various ions caused the resistances of the
      electrodes to change; these resistance changes contributed to the changes in
      response amplitude, but there were additional, unexplained, factors. The
      phenomenon was used to test if the signal from a K+ ion-exchanger microelectrode
      in extracellular space in bee retina was contaminated by substances other than
      K+.

PMID- 3380649
TI  - Grants writing: learn the game rules.

PMID- 3380650
TI  - NJSNA nurses comfort grieving families. Interview by Laurie A Barrood.

PMID- 3380651
TI  - Proud to care.

PMID- 3380652
TI  - Restoring the balance.

PMID- 3380653
TI  - Costing out nursing services.

PMID- 3380654
TI  - [Endocrine tumors in the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3380655
TI  - [Endocrine and neurocrine peptides in the pancreas].

PMID- 3380656
TI  - [Management of endocrine pancreatic tumors].

PMID- 3380657
TI  - [Etiology and prevention of skiing injuries--a Danish study from an emergency
      unit].

PMID- 3380658
TI  - [Erection induced by intracavernous injection--diagnostic and therapeutic use].

PMID- 3380659
TI  - [Pneumoperitoneum--a review].

PMID- 3380660
TI  - [Recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B].

PMID- 3380661
TI  - [The art of writing a manuscript 1. Why did they reject my article?].

PMID- 3380662
TI  - [Drug treatment of hypercholesterolemia--indications and procedure].

PMID- 3380663
TI  - [The neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 3380664
TI  - [Unemployment and health--new chapters in an old story].

PMID- 3380665
TI  - [Youth unemployment and poor health].

PMID- 3380666
TI  - [Unemployment and mental well-being in Finland].

PMID- 3380667
TI  - [Socio-medical consequences of the closure of a plant--a 10-year controlled
      cohort study].

PMID- 3380668
TI  - [The influence of unemployment on health and well-being--results from a Danish
      study].

PMID- 3380669
TI  - [Health and well-being of unemployed women].

PMID- 3380670
TI  - [Management of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 3380671
TI  - [Zinc chloride poisoning--observations and treatment].

PMID- 3380672
TI  - [Registration of hospital infections--a quality control of nursing and
      treatment].

PMID- 3380673
TI  - [Chronic non-specific diarrhea in infants].

PMID- 3380674
TI  - [Sterility--a late sequel after acute perforated appendicitis in girls?].

PMID- 3380675
TI  - [The art of writing a manuscript. 2. The author's answer].

PMID- 3380676
TI  - [Dementia--clinical examination and differential diagnosis].

PMID- 3380677
TI  - [Drug treatment of ulcer].

PMID- 3380678
TI  - [Case control studies].

PMID- 3380679
TI  - [How a scientific article is constructed].

PMID- 3380680
TI  - [International collaborative research via computer communication].

PMID- 3380681
TI  - [More smoking restrictions in Scandinavia].

PMID- 3380682
TI  - Isolation of cDNAs encoding finger proteins and measurement of the corresponding
      mRNA levels during myeloid terminal differentiation.
AB  - The finger motif is a tandemly repeated DNA-binding domain recently identified in
      the primary structure of several eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins.
      It was first described for Xenopus TFIIIA, a factor required for transcription of
      5S ribosomal genes and subsequently identified in regulatory proteins from other
      eukaryotic organisms including yeast, Drosophila and mammals. In this paper we
      report the isolation and characterization of two human cDNA clones both encoding
      for multifingered protein products. Transcriptional studies indicate that the two
      finger genes are expressed in a variety of human tissues. Moreover, upon in vitro
      induced terminal differentiation of human HL-60 and THP-1 myeloid cell lines the
      expression of both genes is drastically reduced. These data provide support for
      the existence of a human multigene family coding for regulatory finger proteins
      which are likely involved in the processes of cell differentiation and/or
      proliferation.

PMID- 3380683
TI  - Parameters of field inversion gel electrophoresis for the analysis of pox virus
      genomes.
AB  - The effects of variation in the lengths of forward and reverse pulses, voltage
      gradient, gel concentration and gel temperature on the mobility of DNA molecules
      in agarose gels during field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) have been
      determined. A curve, which best fits the empirical data, is presented and allows
      the choice of pulse conditions and voltage gradient most suitable for the
      resolution of molecules of chosen size. The use of FIGE in the analysis and
      direct mapping of large virus genomes is illustrated using vaccinia virus DNA.

PMID- 3380684
TI  - Compositional compartmentalization and compositional patterns in the nuclear
      genomes of plants.
AB  - We report here results which indicate (i) that the nuclear genomes of angiosperms
      is characterized by a compositional compartmentalization and an isochore
      structure; and (ii) that the nuclear genomes of some Gramineae exhibit strikingly
      different compositional patterns compared to those of many dicots. Indeed, the
      compositional distribution of nuclear DNA molecules (in the 50-100 Kb size range)
      from three dicots (pea, sunflower and tobacco) and three monocots (maize, rice
      and wheat) were found to be centered around lower (41%) and higher (45% for rice,
      48% for maize and wheat) GC levels, respectively (and to trail towards even
      higher GC values in maize and wheat). Experiments on gene localization in density
      gradient fractions showed a remarkable compositional homogeneity in vast (greater
      than 100-200 Kb) regions surrounding the genes. On the other hand, the
      compositional distribution of coding sequences (GenBank and literature data) from
      dicots (several orders) was found to be narrow, symmetrical and centered around
      46% GC, that from monocots (essentially barley, maize and wheat) to be broad,
      asymmetrical and characterized by an upward trend towards high GC values, with
      the majority of sequences between 60 and 70% GC. Introns exhibited a similar
      compositional distribution, but lower GC levels, compared to exons from the same
      genes.

PMID- 3380685
TI  - A quantitative analysis of nuclear factor I/DNA interactions.
AB  - Nuclear factor I (NFI) was purified to homogeneity from porcine liver by DNA
      affinity chromatography and displays a single band with a molecular weight of 36
      kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The purified protein was used to determine
      absolute equilibrium binding constants by gel retardation techniques for a
      variety of DNA fragments with genuine or mutated NFI binding sites and a number
      of DNA fragments derived from various eukaryotic promoters carrying the CCAAT-box
      as a half-site for NFI binding. We present a model which allows prediction of the
      functional significance of mutated NFI binding-sites from sequence data. The data
      suggest that the single molecular species of NFI from porcine liver may not be
      able to recognize and activate the -CCAAT- promoter element in vivo without
      additional interactions, e.g. with other proteins.

PMID- 3380687
TI  - Modifications of guanine bases during oligonucleotide synthesis.
AB  - Guanine bases are sensitive to modification during automated DNA synthesis and
      processing reactions. Methods for the detection of two types of guanine
      modifications are described. The first method uses the higher reactivity of the
      modified G base to KMn04 oxidation than T bases, and thus allows detection by
      chemical DNA sequencing. The second method makes use of the Escherichia coli
      nucleotide excision repair enzyme UvrABC endonuclease which can detect "bulky"
      base modifications at each nucleotide in the synthetic DNA. Though the chemical
      structures of the two modifications are not known, they may be related. Both
      types of G modifications are often found in oligonucleotides synthesized by the
      methoxy-diisopropyl-phosphoramidite (MEDP) chemistry but non-detectable in the
      products of the beta-cyanoethyl-diisopropyl-phosphoramidite (CEDP) chemistry. The
      Rubin and Schmid pyrimidine-specific chemical DNA sequencing procedure (Rubin,
      C.M., and Schmid, C.W. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 4613-4619) was found to be
      applicable to oligonucleotides synthesized by the CEDP chemistry, and to
      oligonucleotides synthesized by the MEDP chemistry if precautionary measures are
      taken to destroy the signals produced by the highly KMnO4 sensitive modified
      guanine bases. We also show how chemical DNA sequencing might be useful for
      diagnosing other chemical modifications in synthetic oligonucleotides.

PMID- 3380686
TI  - Protein-DNA crosslinking in reconstituted nucleohistone, nuclei and whole cells
      by picosecond UV laser irradiation.
AB  - A picosecond UV laser was used to cross-link proteins to DNA in nuclei, whole
      cells and reconstituted nucleohistone. Irradiation of the nucleohistone resulted
      in crosslinking 15-20% of bound histones to DNA in a very short time (one or
      several picosecond pulses), the efficiency of crosslinking to single stranded DNA
      being higher than to double stranded DNA. All histones as well as high mobility
      group 1 proteins were identified in the covalently linked protein-DNA complexes
      upon irradiation of isolated nuclei and whole cells. A method is suggested for
      isolation of crosslinked material from cells and nuclei in amounts sufficient for
      further analysis. Experiments with reconstituted nucleohistones showed that upon
      irradiation at a constant dose the efficiency of crosslinking depended on the
      intensity of the light, thus suggesting a two-quantum process is involved in the
      reaction.

PMID- 3380688
TI  - Complementary oligodeoxynucleotide mediated inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus
      RNA translation in vitro.
AB  - Two different "antisense" oligodeoxynucleotides and their RNA analogues, each
      complementary to non-overlapping sequences of 51 bases near the 5' end of TMV
      RNA, inhibit in vitro translation of the genomic RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte
      lysate. Inhibition is dependent upon complementarity, concentration, and
      hybridization of the oligomers with TMV RNA. Inhibition is observed at molar
      ratios of TMV RNA to antisense oligomers as low as 1:1.5. A plateau of inhibition
      at which 10-25% of the control signal remains is achieved by molar ratios of TMV
      RNA:antisense DNA or RNA greater than or equal to 1:15. The extent of inhibition
      is not increased by the simultaneous presence of both complementary fragments.
      Oligodeoxynucleotides and their RNA analogues identical to the same regions of
      TMV RNA have no direct effect on translation, however, they can block inhibition
      by the antisense fragments. Translation of BMV RNA is not affected by any of the
      oligodeoxynucleotides. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows translation of
      TMV p126 is selectively inhibited. We conclude that the observed inhibition of
      translation is due to direct interference with ribosome function.

PMID- 3380689
TI  - Synthesis of hexanucleotide analogues containing diisopropylsilyl internucleotide
      linkages.
AB  - The synthesis of two silyl-linked hexanucleotide analogues is described.
      Hypochromicity and CD measurements indicate that the thymidine hexanucleotide
      analogue bears a strong resemblance to its phosphodiester-linked counterpart.

PMID- 3380690
TI  - Synthesis of cyclic oligonucleotides by a modified phosphotriester approach.
AB  - Evidence will be presented to show that the allyl group is suitable for the
      protection of a 3'-terminal phosphodiester function. The latter will be
      demonstrated by the synthesis, via a phosphotriester approach, of two cyclic
      tetraribonucleotides [r(AAAA) and r(UAMe2UAMe2)], two cyclic
      hexadeoxyribonucleotides [d(CGCGCG) and d(TAAAAA)] and a cyclic
      octadeoxyribonucleotide [d(CGTGCGTG)].

PMID- 3380691
TI  - The thermal stability of oligonucleotide duplexes is sequence independent in
      tetraalkylammonium salt solutions: application to identifying recombinant DNA
      clones.
AB  - In solutions of tetraalkylammonium salts the melting temperature of
      oligonucleotide duplexes is independent of nucleotide sequence and thus GC
      content. Data quantitating the destabilizing effects of various mismatches in
      these solvents are also presented. The results are in accord with theories on DNA
      melting and establish conditions under which oligonucleotides can be used as
      hybridization probes with predictable and controllable specificity.

PMID- 3380692
TI  - Interruptions of (CG)n sequences by GG, TG and CA need not prevent B to Z
      transition in solution.
AB  - Oligonucleotides containing alternating purines-pyrimidines with AT base pairs
      have been shown to exist in the Z-form preferably in solid state. We report that
      oligodeoxyribonucleotides with GG, TG and CA interruptions in their alternating
      CG sequences can undergo B to Z transition in solution in the absence of any
      chemical modification or topological constraint. The sequences, d(CGCGCGGCGCGC)
      and d(CGTGCGCACG) have been synthesised and shown to adopt Z- conformation in
      presence of millimolar concentrations of Ni2+ under low water activity
      conditions. Significance of GG, TG and CA interruptions in the B to Z transition
      is discussed.

PMID- 3380693
TI  - Complex promoter pattern of the single ribosomal RNA operon of an archaebacterium
      Halobacterium halobium.
AB  - The transcription of the single ribosomal RNA gene cluster is initiated at an
      assemblage of promoters five of which were previously mapped in the 910 base pair
      region in front of the 16S rRNA gene. The nucleotide sequence between positions 
      1680 and -910 was determined and S1 nuclease mapping revealed therein two sites
      corresponding to the 5' ends of the primary transcripts. These two presumably
      represent the most distal promoters, P1 and P2, of the operon, P1 being separated
      from the 16S rRNA gene by more than 1250 bp. An additional putative "internal"
      promoter located within the operon body in the 16S/23S intergenic spacer was
      revealed by S1 nuclease mapping. A 528 bp long open reading frame is co
      transcribed with the rRNA genes from the P1 promoter. Its possible functional
      implication is discussed.

PMID- 3380694
TI  - Theoretical analysis of 'addressed' chemical modification of DNA.
AB  - Chemical "addressed" modification of DNA involves treatment of single-stranded
      DNA with oligonucleotides complementary to certain target sequences in this DNA
      and bearing a groupings reactive towards DNA bases. The binding of
      oligonucleotides can occur both at completely (specific) and incompletely
      (nonspecific) complementary sites. We analyse the modification of a fragment that
      is flanked by two target sequences complementary to a given oligonucleotide
      address, contains no more such targets and has some randomly distributed sites
      for nonspecific binding. Conditions for the maximum ratio between specific and
      non-specific modification are determined. We find the probability of both target
      termini being specifically modified without any non-specific modification
      occurring within the fragment up to a given moment in time. Quantitative analysis
      is based on the use of known features of the specific and non-specific binding of
      an oligonucleotide to DNA sites. This analysis shows the possibility of specific
      cutting of DNA based on addressed modification.

PMID- 3380696
TI  - Isolation of cDNA coding for the placental protein 15 (PP15).

PMID- 3380697
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of full length cDNAs encoding rat cardiac myosin light chain
      2.

PMID- 3380695
TI  - A twenty-two-fold increase in the relative affinity of estrogen receptor to poly
      (dA-dC).poly (dG-dT) in the presence of polyamines.
AB  - We studied the relative efficacy of polyamines to facilitate the binding of
      estrogen receptor to poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT). In the absence of polyamines, 1,400
      micrograms/ml of this polynucleotide eluted 50% of bound estrogen receptor from
      DNA-cellulose. In contrast, 50% estrogen receptor was eluted by 65 micrograms/ml
      of poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) complexed with 150 microM spermidine. Putrescine and
      spermine also enhanced the ability of poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) to elute estrogen
      receptor, but the magnitude of the effect was not as high as that of spermidine.
      Control experiments with calf thymus DNA and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) showed 6-
      and 3-fold increase, respectively in their affinity for estrogen receptor in the
      presence of spermidine. The dramatic increase in the affinity of poly(dA
      dC).poly(dG-dT) for estrogen receptor in the presence of polyamines might be a
      result of the conversion of the polynucleotide to the left-handed Z-DNA form.
      These results show that polyamines are capable of participating in estrogenic
      regulation of gene expression by altering the affinity of the receptor for
      specific DNA sequences.

PMID- 3380699
TI  - Resolution of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes by field inversion gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 3380698
TI  - Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding chicken ribosomal protein S17.

PMID- 3380700
TI  - Putative nucleic acid binding 'fingers' at the carboxyl terminus of polypeptides
      encoded from introns of organellar genes.

PMID- 3380701
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA clone of a Brassica napus ribulose
      bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase small subunit gene.

PMID- 3380702
TI  - A gene for tRNA-Ile(CAU) from chloroplasts of a monocot, Pennisetum americanum.

PMID- 3380703
TI  - Sequence of cDNA encoding the Syrian hamster cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain.

PMID- 3380704
TI  - Complete nucleotide sequence of a DIF-inducible, stalk-specific mRNA from
      Dictyostelium discoideum.

PMID- 3380705
TI  - Who holds the purse strings?

PMID- 3380707
TI  - Every silver lining has a cloud.

PMID- 3380706
TI  - The hidden costs of the pay rise.

PMID- 3380708
TI  - AIDS. Climate of fear.

PMID- 3380709
TI  - A programme for AIDS.

PMID- 3380710
TI  - Whole gut irrigation: an acceptable risk?

PMID- 3380711
TI  - Getting a group together.

PMID- 3380712
TI  - Helping the dehydrated patient.

PMID- 3380713
TI  - Sound remedies.

PMID- 3380716
TI  - NHS review. Continental lessons.

PMID- 3380714
TI  - Recruit and retain. Back to practise.

PMID- 3380715
TI  - Systems of life. No. 160. Senior systems. 25. Peripheral vascular disease---1.

PMID- 3380717
TI  - Quest: NT's educational supplement.

PMID- 3380718
TI  - Quest. Performance review.

PMID- 3380719
TI  - Quest. Calling all mature students.

PMID- 3380720
TI  - Election special. Your chance to pull the strings.

PMID- 3380721
TI  - Election special. Never a dull moment. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3380722
TI  - Election special. Looking into the future.

PMID- 3380723
TI  - The price of victory.

PMID- 3380724
TI  - A proper place for parents.

PMID- 3380725
TI  - Beds behind bars.

PMID- 3380726
TI  - A skilled occupation?

PMID- 3380727
TI  - The venous pump of the foot.

PMID- 3380728
TI  - Moral matters.

PMID- 3380729
TI  - Everyday ethics. Acts of faith.

PMID- 3380730
TI  - Changing admission patterns of short-stay geriatric patients.

PMID- 3380732
TI  - Skilled dressing.

PMID- 3380731
TI  - An aboriginal model of care.

PMID- 3380734
TI  - Health and safety in the community. Health and safety at home.

PMID- 3380733
TI  - Scotland's Moores. Interview by Laurence Dopson.

PMID- 3380735
TI  - Health and safety in the community. Environment and food safety.

PMID- 3380736
TI  - Health and safety in the community. Control of diseases and immunization.

PMID- 3380737
TI  - Health and safety in the community. Role of various agencies.

PMID- 3380738
TI  - Health and safety in the community. Safety in the work place.

PMID- 3380739
TI  - Foreign body aspiration in childhood.
AB  - We studied 149 children aged seven months to 13 years (mean age 2.9 +/- 0.2
      years) who had aspirated foreign bodies for age, sex, and type of foreign body.
      Symptoms, physical findings, chest x-ray, and fluoroscopy were compared with
      different sites of enlodgement. Positive history was obtained in 135 (91%). In
      133 children, the diagnosis was made on admission. Frequent symptoms were cough
      (80%) and cyanosis (27%) following aspiration, while prevalent emergency
      department symptoms were cough (33%) and dyspnea (30%). Common physical findings
      on admission were decreased breath sounds (65%), tachypnea (43%), and fever
      (36%). Admission chest radiographs revealed emphysema (43%) and infiltrates or
      atelectasis (29%). Forty-one children (27%) were asymptomatic, and 43 children
      had normal chest x-ray. Fluoroscopy showed inspiratory mediastinal shift in 57%.
      Bronchoscopy performed within 48 hours of admission was successful in removing
      the foreign material in 88% of the children. Food particles were the most common
      type of foreign body. Hoarseness and stridor were significantly more common in
      upper airway enlodgement (P less than 0.01). Decreased breath sounds were
      significantly more common among children with lower airway enlodgement (P less
      than 0.001). A delay in diagnosis of longer than three weeks was associated with
      equivocal history of aspiration (P less than 0.05), and with significantly more
      wheezing (P less than 0.02) and atelectasis (P less than 0.01). Our study
      reemphasizes the importance of integrating various diagnostic tools in order to
      accurately evaluate and manage these children.

PMID- 3380740
TI  - Why not your pediatrician's office? A study of weekday pediatric emergency
      department use for minor illness care in a community hospital.
AB  - To determine the rationale for using a community hospital's emergency department
      for minor illness care on weekdays, we surveyed 150 parents of children 15 years
      of age or younger. Fifty (33.3%) participants had no identified source of routine
      pediatric care, and 31 (20.7%) had pediatric providers not locally available. For
      participants with local providers, major reasons for use of the emergency
      department included economic factors, parental knowledge, parent/provider
      communication, convenience, and insurance coverage. The results of this study
      demonstrate that the utilization pattern and sociodemographic profile of children
      seen in our emergency department on weekdays is more characteristic of an inner
      city hospital than of a non-metropolitan setting. There are a number of feasible
      measures which could improve access to routine pediatric care for low
      socioeconomic families and reduce unnecessary emergency department utilization.

PMID- 3380741
TI  - An unusual intranasal foreign body.
AB  - We describe a child who had a button battery lodged in her nose for several
      weeks, with resulting destruction of her nasal septum. A brief review of the
      pathophysiology of injury due to button batteries and measures to prevent such
      injuries from occurring are discussed.

PMID- 3380742
TI  - Tongue in cheek? Or in the bottle?
AB  - The case of an eight-year-old girl whose tongue became entrapped in a bottle is
      presented. Management options are discussed. Successful management utilizing a
      positive pressure technique is described and illustrated.

PMID- 3380743
TI  - Mandibular fractures in association with chin trauma in pediatric patients.
AB  - The combination of chin trauma and bleeding from the ear should alert the
      physician to the possibility of a mandibular fracture. Not all hemotympanums
      represent basilar skull fractures, especially when they occur in association with
      chin trauma. Diagnosis of mandibular condylar fractures or temporomandibular
      joint disruptions can be very difficult. A high index of suspicion and a proper
      choice of imaging modalities are necessary to ensure a timely diagnosis.

PMID- 3380744
TI  - An unusual case of epiglottitis in a patient with asthma.
AB  - An unusual case of epiglottitis in a child with asthma is reported. This patient
      presented with impending respiratory failure and failed to respond to aggressive
      asthma therapy. Subsequent intubation revealed acute epiglottitis, and
      appropriate management was initiated. Discussions of management of acute
      epiglottitis, including sedation, paralysis, and differential diagnosis, are
      included.

PMID- 3380746
TI  - Acute-onset high fever in an infant.

PMID- 3380747
TI  - Intraosseous needles: new and improved.

PMID- 3380745
TI  - Roller skating injuries in children.
AB  - Many children who roller skate sustain injuries. To determine the type and
      severity of these mishaps, the medical records of 76 children less than 16 years
      of age with roller skating injuries presenting to two pediatric emergency
      departments were reviewed. Seventy-five percent were girls, and 25% were boys.
      The upper extremity was the most common body part injured (74%) (P less than
      0.0001). Lower extremity injuries occurred in 12%, head and face injuries in 10%,
      and chest injuries in 4%. The most common type of injury was a fracture (69%),
      with the wrist and forearm being most frequently fractured (53%). Hospitalization
      and long-term sequelae were infrequent. Younger children (less than or equal to
      9) had an increased frequency of fracture injury (P less than 0.02). This is most
      likely because maturation of lower and upper extremity speed, strength, agility,
      coordination, balance, and reaction time and morphologically stronger bones
      combine to afford relative protection to the older child. Physicians and parents
      need to be aware of a child's skill level before the child is encouraged to
      roller skate. Measures which may decrease the likelihood of injury include
      protective gear, instruction in roller skating technique, learning to skate in an
      uncongested area on level, familiar terrain, and learning to fall properly.

PMID- 3380748
TI  - Dose-related effects of nebulized metaproterenol.

PMID- 3380749
TI  - Severe methemoglobinemia induced by a topical teething preparation.

PMID- 3380750
TI  - Serum theophylline concentration in 82 consecutive asthmatic children receiving
      preadmission theophylline preparation.

PMID- 3380751
TI  - A comparison of four techniques to establish intraosseous infusion.
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether the success rate in establishing
      intraosseous infusion (IOI) varied with four different types of needles--standard
      hypodermic, spinal, bone marrow, and Turkel intraosseous infusion needle. Twenty
      four second-year residents from various specialties, without prior training or
      experience in the technique, participated in the study. Each participant
      attempted to establish an intraosseous infusion in a randomly assigned limb of an
      anesthetized piglet, using each needle in a randomly assigned order. The overall
      success rate was 67.7%. Success ratios varied between needles: hypodermic 54%,
      spinal 75%, bone marrow 75%, and Turkel 67%. Utilizing Cochran's Q-test, there
      was no statistical difference in success rates between needle types. However, in
      cases where the resident was successful with all four needles, the average time
      to successful infusion was significantly less for bone marrow needles.

PMID- 3380752
TI  - Evaluation of children with fever greater than or equal to 104 degrees F in an
      emergency department.
AB  - Two hundred five children with a temperature greater than or equal to 104 degrees
      F seen in a pediatric emergency department were studied over a six-month fall
      winter period to determine the patterns of illness and hospitalization. Children
      over five years composed a large group (38%) of patients admitted. The
      proportions of patients with viral and bacterial illnesses (40 and 45%) were
      similar, as were hospitalization rates for the two types of illnesses (11 and
      14%). The hospitalization rates did not change if pneumonias were considered all
      bacterial or all viral. Chest x-rays were done in 103 patients, and pneumonia was
      diagnosed in 26 with 18 (69%) occurring in children older than 24 months. There
      were 10 adolescents greater than or equal to 12 years, five of whom had Group A
      streptococcal pharyngitis. Blood cultures were drawn in 85 patients, and
      bacteremia occurred in 12 patients, all younger than 24 months. This study shows
      that significant illnesses and a high proportion of hospitalizations occurred in
      children of all ages, particularly in children older than five years.

PMID- 3380753
TI  - Tibial fractures of young children.
AB  - Tibial fractures are relatively frequent injuries of young children. These
      fractures are occasionally the cause of a childhood gait disturbance.
      Additionally, tibial fractures may be the result of child abuse. Consequently,
      the pediatrician should have knowledge concerning these injuries. In this paper,
      we present a review of tibial fractures in hospitalized children and describe
      their associations with nonaccidental trauma (NAT). Finally, we provide
      suggestions for improving nonmenclature clarity for isolated spiral fractures of
      the tibia.

PMID- 3380754
TI  - Late-onset schizophrenia. Studying clinical validity.
AB  - The authors compared clinical characteristics of 36 late-onset schizophrenic
      patients from four centers (hospitals in San Diego, Baltimore, Los Angeles, and
      Montreal). There was a preponderance of the paranoid type with bizarre delusions
      and auditory hallucinations, chronic course of illness, and response to
      relatively low doses of neuroleptics. A comparison of late-onset and younger
      schizophrenic patients revealed both similarities and differences between the two
      groups. The authors reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the
      implications for assessing the validity of the concept of late-onset
      schizophrenia. They believe that, although less common, late-onset schizophrenia
      is probably as valid an entity (or group of entities) as schizophrenia with onset
      before age 45.

PMID- 3380755
TI  - Psychosis and depression in the elderly.

PMID- 3380756
TI  - Dermatologic manifestations and update of cat scratch disease.
AB  - Cat scratch disease is a relatively common cause of chronic (three weeks or
      longer) lymphadenopathy, with 80% of cases occurring in children and adolescents.
      This self-limited infection caused by a small, gram-negative, pleomorphic
      bacillus has been identified in ocular granuloma, skin inoculation lesions, and
      lymph node specimens. Dermatologic manifestations observed prospectively in 908
      patients included primary cat scratch inoculation papules, pustules or rarely,
      vesicles. Occasionally, enanthematous mucous membrane (oral, ocular) primary
      inoculation lesions were observed. About 5% of patients have generalized macular,
      maculopapular, morbilliform, and rarely petechial, usually nonpruritic exanthem.
      Rarely, erythema nodosum or multiforme and ecchymoses with petechial rashes are
      seen. Thrombocytopenic purpura is extremely uncommon. Unusual manifestations such
      as the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud, encephalopathy, or severe systemic
      disease occur in about 10% of patients. Management consists of symptomatic
      treatment and occasional aspiration of a suppurative node. The disease usually
      resolves spontaneously in two to four months.

PMID- 3380757
TI  - Transient zinc deficiency in two full-term breast-fed siblings associated with
      low maternal breast milk zinc concentration.
AB  - Symptomatic zinc deficiency developed in an exclusively breast-fed, full-term
      infant. Her older brother had also developed zinc deficiency while being
      exclusively breast-fed. Breast milk zinc concentrations were low throughout
      lactation, and this inadequacy is the likely cause of the deficiency in both
      infants.

PMID- 3380758
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of the Proteus syndrome.
AB  - The Proteus syndrome is a rare disorder in which the major manifestations are
      skeletal overgrowth, digital hypertrophy, exostoses of the skull, and
      hamartomatous tumors. Numerous skin lesions also occur. We treated six
      individuals, all of whom had the features unique to this syndrome of marked
      hypertrophy of the skin of the soles. The palms were similarly involved in two
      patients. Light microscopy of biopsy material from thickened areas of the soles
      showed elongation of the cytoplasm of the basal cells. Large epidermal nevi were
      present in three persons, as were linear macular lesions with areas of
      depigmentation and hyperpigmentation.

PMID- 3380759
TI  - Nutritional and metabolic profile of children with epidermolysis bullosa.
AB  - The clinical features of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) include oral, pharyngeal,
      gastrointestinal, and total-body blistering. This results in the potential for
      decreased oral intake, malabsorption, anemia, and depressed visceral protein
      stores, and a multifactorial etiology for the development of malnutrition and
      growth retardation. Thus, it was the purpose of this study to document the
      nutritional and metabolic profile of seven children with junctional or recessive
      dystrophic EB as compared to seven age- and sex-matched controls. Each child
      underwent a comprehensive nutritional assessment, including evaluation of
      anthropometric, dietary, and biochemical values and determination of resting
      energy expenditures. This study demonstrated that subjects with EB are
      statistically different for all anthropometric values studied and represent a
      population suffering from the effects of acute and chronic malnutrition. Nutrient
      deficiencies were reported for zinc, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and iron;
      vitamines A, D, E, B1, B12, and B6; protein, and calories. Comparison of
      laboratory values revealed significantly lower values for hemoglobin, hematocrit,
      and zinc. This research illustrates the magnitude of the growth deficits, and
      nutrient and biochemical deficiencies present in children with EB. The results
      provide a strong argument for the value of nutritional assessment and
      intervention and their potential impact in this population. Optimizing
      nutritional status may be one viable method of improving the morbidity and
      mortality associated with the disease and ultimately improving the overall
      quality of life.

PMID- 3380760
TI  - Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome.
AB  - In 1980 a syndrome was first described in two adult males, consisting of
      macrocephaly, pigmented macules on the glans and shaft of the penis, and
      hamartomatous intestinal polyps. Since then, 10 additional cases have been
      identified. Herein, we present two new cases and review the cutaneous
      manifestations as well as additional features in patients with the Ruvalcaba
      Myhre-Smith syndrome.

PMID- 3380761
TI  - Subcutaneous phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus: a clinicopathologic
      and mycologic study in a child.
AB  - The clinical, histopathologic, and mycologic aspects of a case of subcutaneous
      phycomycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus in a 3-year-old boy are reported.
      This is the first documented case from Central and North America. Oral potassium
      iodide and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole gave excellent therapeutic results.

PMID- 3380762
TI  - Perianal eosinophilic granuloma resembling condyloma latum.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old boy with eosinophilic granuloma confined to the frontoparietal
      bones developed a rectal fissure that progressed to a perianal plaque resembling
      condyloma latum. Biopsy confirmed the presence of many Langerhans cells, and
      therefore a diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma involving the skin was made.
      Although rare, eosinophilic granuloma can be associated with cutaneous lesions,
      sometimes isolated and mundane in appearance. It should be considered in the
      differential diagnosis of perianal lesions.

PMID- 3380764
TI  - Scarring due to an enuresis blanket.
AB  - A 7-year-old boy was examined for cutaneous lesions that were localized to the
      side of the body on which he slept and occurred on skin in direct contact with an
      enuresis blanket. The painless skin lesions were similar to the punched-out skin
      ulcers and atrophic scars reported in the British literature as buzzer ulcers.
      Exposure of the child's skin to electrical current may have produced the lesions,
      which ceased to appear when use of the enuresis blanket was discontinued.

PMID- 3380763
TI  - Onychopathy in a patient with fetal hydantoin syndrome.
AB  - Hydantoin is an anticonvulsant drug with several side effects. A teratogenic
      potential has been suggested. The fetal hydantoin syndrome is an entity that
      consists of a broad range of morphologic and developmental disorders in children
      born of epileptic mothers exposed to hydantoin during pregnancy. We treated a
      girl in whom onychopathy was a monosymptomatic or mild form of this syndrome.

PMID- 3380765
TI  - Symposium on alopecia areata.

PMID- 3380766
TI  - Genetic parameters of plasma very low density lipoproteins, abdominal fat lipase,
      and protein, fatness, and growth traits of broiler chickens.
AB  - Genetic parameters of physiological, growth, and fatness traits were investigated
      in one control and two selected dam strains of broiler chickens. Feed consumption
      and efficiency were measured between 28 and 42 days of age but were adjusted to
      estimate values of population average body weights at these ages. Birds were bled
      at 45 days of age for assay of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and
      killed at 47 days of age for carcass and fat measurements. Abdominal fat was
      assayed for lipase activity expressed per milligram of protein (LIP/mgP) or per
      gram of fat (LIP/gF) and protein content of the enzyme preparation expressed as
      microgram protein/mL (P/mLEPrep). Absolute values of partial correlations
      corrected for sex and strain were low between production and physiological traits
      and between fatness and LIP/mgP but were moderate at .3 between fatness and
      plasma VLDL, LIP/gF, and P/mLEPrep. Heritabilities were moderate to high (greater
      than or equal to .32) for growth and fatness traits, moderate (.25) for plasma
      VLDL, and low (less than or equal to .16) for P/LEPrep, LIP/mgP, and LIP/gF.
      Genetic correlations involving plasma VLDL were as follows: .49 with body weight
      at 42 days, -.74 with feed consumption, .64 with feed efficiency, .24 with
      carcass weight at 47 days, 1.07 with abdominal fat weight, and .97 with abdominal
      fat percentage. Similarly, absolute values of genetic correlations involving
      P/mLEPrep tended to be as high or higher but genetic correlations involving
      LIP/mgP and LIP/gF tended to be lower than those involving plasma VLDL.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380768
TI  - Factors affecting broiler breeder performance. 7. Effect of varying levels of
      dietary protein on the development and reproductive performance of the dwarf
      broiler breeder.
AB  - Vedette dwarf broiler breeder female chicks were raised in floor pens and fed a
      standard starter ration. At 3 wk of age, 1,032 pullets were divided into four
      dietary treatment groups (258 bird/treatment). Birds were transferred into
      individual cages at 18 wk of age and at 21 wk of age assigned to one of four
      laying rations. Dietary treatments consisted of a 4 X 4 factorial design with
      four developer diets (12, 14, 16, and 18% protein) and four layer diets (12, 14,
      16, and 18% protein). Body weight was determined at 6, 12, and 17 wk of age and
      thereafter at 4 wk intervals. Hen-day egg production was determined weekly from
      21 to 58 wk of age. Specific gravity and egg weights were measured at 4-wk
      intervals on eggs collected over 4-day periods. Fertility and hatchability were
      measured at 32, 34, and 44 wk of age on the one-half of the birds in each
      treatment that had been artificially inseminated weekly with .05 mL of semen from
      Ross males. Embryonic mortality and chick weights of offspring were recorded when
      the breeder flock was 32 and 44 wk of age. Dietary treatment had a significant
      effect on body weight (P greater than .05) at Week 12, (12% and 14% vs. 16% and
      18%) but by Week 17 differences were no longer significant. Significant
      differences in body and egg weights during the laying cycle were detected (P less
      than .05), with hens receiving the higher protein (16% and 18%) laying diets
      exhibiting heavier body and egg weights.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380767
TI  - Effects of population size and cage area on agonistic activity and social
      structure of White Leghorn layers.
AB  - Four caging environments consisting of two population sizes (4 vs. 6 birds/cage)
      and two cage area allocations (316 vs. 406 cm2/bird) were evaluated for their
      effects on agonistic activity, social structure, and egg production of Single
      Comb White Leghorn layers. Wire battery laying cages were designed and
      constructed to study these effects in a nonconfounded approach while maintaining
      feed trough space constant. Agonistic activities and dominance structure for the
      treatment groups were assessed during Weeks 23 to 26 and 37 to 40; egg production
      was obtained for Weeks 20 to 40. Cage groups demonstrated a high degree of
      linearity (K) for dominance hiearchies during both observational periods. Values
      for K ranged from a low of .69 during Period 1 to as high as .91 during Period 2.
      Cage groups were also very stable over observation periods; correlation
      coefficients for dominance ranks between Periods 1 and 2 averaged .95 and .89 for
      the four and six-bird groups, respectively. Greater cage area and population size
      resulted in more agonistic activity during Period 1, but only in the 6/406 cm2
      treatment during Period 2. The alpha individual was responsible for the most
      aggressive acts committed in all cage groups (40 to 50%). Aggressive activity was
      observed to decline in a linear manner with declining dominance rank. Egg
      production was significantly affected by population and density treatments during
      Period 2; however, correlations between aggressive acts per cage and egg
      production were not generally significant.

PMID- 3380769
TI  - Effect of heat stress early in life on mortality of broilers exposed to high
      environmental temperatures just prior to marketing.
AB  - A study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress during the 1st wk
      of life on subsequent mortality resulting from exposure to high environmental
      temperature and feed restriction just prior to marketing of broiler cockerels.
      Birds were raised under standard husbandry procedures except that at 5 days of
      age, half the broilers were heat stressed by exposure to an environmental
      temperature ranging from 35.0 to 37.8 C for 24 h while the remaining birds were
      held at 29.4 C. At 44 and 45 days of age, half the unstressed controls and half
      the birds stressed at 5 days of age were exposed to temperatures ranging from
      35.0 to 37.8 C for 8 h/day. In a factorial arrangement of treatments, the effect
      of restricting feed for 8 h/day on Days 43, 44, and 45 was also examined.
      Exposing birds to high environmental temperatures at 5 days of age resulted in a
      significant decrease in mortality when birds were exposed to a high environmental
      temperature later in life. In addition, feed efficiency was improved
      significantly in early heat-stressed birds whereas body weight and body weight
      gain were not affected. Feed restriction had no significant effect on mortality,
      body weight, or feed efficiency. It appears, therefore, that exposing broiler
      cockerels to mild heat stress for 24 h at 5 days of age can significantly
      decrease mortality resulting from high environmental temperature later in life.

PMID- 3380770
TI  - Anticoccidial activity of combinations of narasin and nicarbazin.
AB  - The efficacy of mixtures of narasin and nicarbazin were evaluated by comparing
      broiler performance, susceptibility to heat stress, and the mode of action
      against Eimeria. In a floor pen trial, narasin (70 ppm) alone or in combination
      with nicarbazin at levels between 10/10 and 50/50 ppm gave significantly better
      performance than unmedicated birds or birds given nicarbazin at 125 ppm alone.
      Amelioration of nicarbazin-associated mortality with heat as a stressor was
      observed in birds given the 50/50 ppm mixture of narasin and nicarbazin:
      mortality in these birds was similar to that of unmedicated birds and was reduced
      by 15 to 20% of that occurring in birds in the nicarbazin (125 ppm) treatment.
      The narasin/nicarbazin mixture (50/50) appears primarily to prevent further
      development of sporozoites. However, in birds treated with 25/25 ppm of narasin
      and nicarbazin, both the deleterious action of nicarbazin on merogeny and the
      antisporozoite activity of narasin were observed.

PMID- 3380771
TI  - Influence of ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol on growing broiler chicks.
AB  - The effects of feeding diets containing ochratoxin A (OA) (2.0 mg/kg) and
      deoxynivalenol (DON) (16 mg/kg) singly and in combination were characterized in
      male broiler chicks from 1 to 3 wk of age. Body weight gains and efficiency of
      feed utilization were significantly reduced by feeding OA singly, DON singly, and
      the OA/DON combination. Increased relative liver, kidney, and proventriculus
      weights were observed in the OA and OA-DON groups and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
      was increased in the DON group. Serum uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides
      were significantly elevated, and total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and
      aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity were decreased in the OA group.
      Histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, spleen, proventriculus,
      gizzard, and bursa revealed that lesions were confined primarily to mild
      hepatocellular degeneration, with milk diffuse lipidosis of the liver and mild
      swelling of the renal tubular epithelium of the OA and OA/DON combination groups.
      For a few parameters such as efficiency of utilization and relative liver,
      gizzard, and spleen weights. OA and DON appear to interact additively. However,
      many of the parameters such as body weights, body weight gains, BUN, total
      protein, and AST show significant interactions that can best be described as less
      than additive or in some cases antagonistic.

PMID- 3380772
TI  - Available energy in meat and bone meal as measured by different methods.
AB  - Estimates of the N-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) of meat and bone meal
      (MBM) were made using different methods of bioassay and different levels of
      dietary substitution. In general, significantly higher MEn values were obtained
      with 20% than with 40% substitution. Experiments were conducted in an attempt to
      determine the reason for the lower MEn values at higher dietary MBM levels. The
      MEn of a simulated MBM consisting of isolated soybean protein, tallow, and
      minerals with a proximate analysis similar to that of MBM was not lowered by
      increasing the level of substitution. The MEn of hexane-extracted MBM still was
      significantly lower at 40% than at 20% substitution. Synergism between types of
      fatty acids appears to play an insignificant role in the energy differences. In
      nitrogen metabolism studies, no evidence was obtained that reduced protein
      digestibility accounted for the lowered MEn values at higher levels of MBM. The
      average MEn value of MBM determined by the dietary substitution method at 40% was
      2.029 kcal/g on an "as is" basis [similar to that of the table value of the
      National Research Council (1984)]. An MEn value between 2.3 and 2.5 kcal/g
      appears more appropriate when MBM is used at practical levels in balanced poultry
      diets.

PMID- 3380773
TI  - Effect of formulating diets using differing meat and bone meal energy data on
      broiler performance and abdominal fat content.
AB  - The metabolizable energy (ME) value of meat and bone meal (MBM) appears to be
      underestimated in the 1984 National Research Council (NRC) table of composition.
      Two experiments were conducted with broiler chickens from 3 to 7 wk of age to
      study their response to diets formulated with MBM assigned different ME values.
      Broiler grower (3 to 6 wk) and withdrawal (6 to 7 wk) diets containing 10% MBM
      were formulated using ME values of 1,960 (1984 NRC table), 2,250, or 2,500
      kcal/kg for this ingredient. Corn-soy grower and withdrawal diets containing no
      MBM were also fed. No significant differences in body weight (7 wk) were observed
      in either males or females fed the diets. Feed:gain ratios were not different
      among males but in one experiment ratios for females fed the MBM diet formulated
      on the 2,500 kcal/kg ME basis were nonsignificantly higher than ratios for those
      fed the corn-soy diet. Abdominal fat as a percentage of body weight of males fed
      the diets containing MBM calculated on the 1,960 or 2,250 but not the 2,500 ME
      basis was significantly higher than that of males fed the diet without MBM. No
      significant differences in abdominal fat content were observed in females fed the
      different diets. The results show that an ME value higher than that given in the
      NRC table should be used for MBM in practical diets and that females are less
      sensitive than males to the influence of calorie:protein ratio on abdominal fat
      deposition.

PMID- 3380774
TI  - Feather meal as a nonspecific nitrogen source for abdominal fat reduction in
      broilers during the finishing period.
AB  - Earlier studies have shown that excessive abdominal fat deposition in broilers
      can be overcome by feeding feather meal (FM) during the finishing period (7 or 14
      days prior to slaughter). Studies were conducted to determine if the observed fat
      reduction in FM-fed birds was due to factors other than supplying excess protein.
      The FM was added at levels of 4, 6, and 8% and glycine at levels of .125, .25,
      and .5%, similar to amounts contributed by corresponding levels of FM. Corn
      soybean diets were also formulated at protein levels corresponding to those of FM
      diets. All experimental diets were fed from 35 to 49 or from 42 to 49 days of
      age. There were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency of
      treatment and control groups during the study. The addition of glycine resulted
      in a significant (P less than .05) reduction in abdominal fat content and
      appeared to be partially responsible for the observed reduction in FM-fed birds.
      Increasing the dietary protein level also significantly (P less than .05) reduced
      abdominal fat deposition regardless of protein source. The study indicates that
      lower quality protein sources such as FM can be effectively used as a nonspecific
      nitrogen source for reducing abdominal fat deposition during the finishing
      period.

PMID- 3380775
TI  - Chromatographic analysis of 18:1 isomers in blended feed-grade fats used in
      poultry diets.
AB  - The presence of trans and cis 18:1 isomers was determined in samples of
      commercially available blended feed-grade fats (BFF) used in poultry diets. Total
      lipids (TL) were extracted with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v); triglycerides
      (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) were separated by thin-layer chromatography
      (TLC). The trans and cis isomers of 18:1 in TL, TG, and FFA were separated by
      argentation TLC and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The trans
      isomers of 18:2 were directly separated by GLC. The BFF contained many trans and
      cis 18:1 isomers. Total trans 18:1 ranged from 0 to 11.7% in the BFF sources and
      up to 31.3% of the total 18:1 isomers. The trans isomers of 18:2 were found in
      lesser amounts (.1 to .7%). Levels of essential fatty acids linoleate and
      linolenate ranged from 11.5 to 50.3 and .7 to 2.8%, respectively. Ratios of
      saturated:unsaturated fatty acids ranged from .17 to .68. These data indicate
      that trans and cis isomers of 18:1 are present in varying amounts in BFF.

PMID- 3380776
TI  - Effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on plasma prolactin, luteinizing
      hormone, estradiol, and ovarian growth in incubating and out-of-lay turkeys.
AB  - The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on ovarian growth and
      estradiol production was assessed in out-of-lay (OL) turkey hens that have low
      plasma concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and in incubating hens that have high
      plasma levels of PRL. In OL hens after injection with 400 or 2,000 IU PMSG,
      plasma concentration of PRL did not change, whereas ovarian weight and plasma
      concentration of estradiol increased by greater than 20-fold to levels comparable
      to those of laying hens. Follicles were not arranged in a hierarchy following the
      injection of either 400 or 2,000 IU PMSG into OL hens. There was a linear
      relationship between the dose of PMSG injected into incubating hens and the
      subsequent increase in plasma concentration of estradiol. Plasma levels of PRL
      were not different among hens injected with 0, 16, 80, or 400 IU PMSG, whereas
      plasma levels of PRL decreased in incubating hens injected with 2,000 IU PMSG. A
      significant increase in ovarian weight occurred only in hens injected with 2,000
      IU PMSG. None of the hens deserted the nest following the injection of PMSG,
      indicating that the maintenance of incubation does not require a
      steroidogenically quiescent ovary. Although the regressed ovaries of both OL and
      incubating hens are responsive to gonadotropin stimulation, it would seem that
      the higher levels of PRL in incubating hens may act, in part, to suppress PMSG
      induced ovarian growth and steroidogenesis.

PMID- 3380777
TI  - Daily output of spermatozoa and extragonadal spermatozoal reserves in turkeys.
AB  - Daily spermatozoal output (DSO) was estimated by determining the total number of
      spermatozoa in ejaculates of male line breeder turkeys ejaculated daily for 15
      days. The DSO was constant at 520 million spermatozoa after the first 6 days of
      semen collection. Testicular spermatozoal reserves (TSR) and extragonadal sperm
      reserves (EGR) were measured 24 h after the last semen collection from turkeys
      ejaculated 1 x/day for 15 consecutive days (ejaculated) and 21 days after the
      last semen collection from turkeys previously ejaculated 1 x/wk for 12 wk
      (rested). The TSR concentrations were similar (P greater than .05) for ejaculated
      and rested groups, respectively: 117 x 10(6) and 119 x 10(6)/g for right testis;
      127 x 10(6) and 135 x 10(6)/g for left testis. The total TSR were also similar (P
      greater than .05): 3,308 x 10(6) (ejaculated) and 4,343 x 10(6) (rested).
      However, EGR for ejaculated and rested groups were significantly different, with
      the following values, respectively: ductus deferens, 3,160 x 10(6) and 10,320 x
      10(6) (P = .0005); epididymis, 58 x 10(6) and 204 x 10(6) (P less than .004);
      total EGR, 3,248 x 10(6) and 10,524 x 10(6) (P less than .005). This study shows
      that although TSR was not affected by daily semen collection, EGR was depleted by
      70% of the rested value (P less than .005) when the turkeys were ejaculated daily
      for 15 days.

PMID- 3380778
TI  - Influence of storage container for frozen-thawed chicken semen and frequency of
      insemination on fertility and its duration.
AB  - Pooled semen was diluted with Lake's solution containing 10.8% (v/v) glycerol.
      Aliquots of 1.2 mL and .5 mL were transferred to 1.8-mL capacity plastic vials
      and .5-mL capacity plastic straws, respectively. Semen was processed at 5 C,
      frozen by cooling at a rate of 3 C/min to -35 C, then plunged in liquid nitrogen.
      Samples were thawed at 5 C, diluted stepwise, centrifuged, and resuspended with
      nonglycerolized diluent at 5 C. Fertility and its duration were measured after
      single or double (insemination on 2 consecutive days) insemination. No
      significant differences were found in fertility percentages between semen samples
      frozen and stored in the two types of containers. However, fertility percentages
      were significantly higher for eggs laid on Days 2 to 5 after double insemination
      than for eggs laid after single insemination. No such differences were noted in
      the fertility of eggs laid on Days 2 to 7. Duration of fertility was
      significantly longer for semen frozen in plastic vials than for semen frozen in
      straws.

PMID- 3380780
TI  - Effects of monensin feeding and withdrawal on fat pad adipocyte size in female
      broilers.
AB  - Abdominal fat pad adipocyte size was determined in two experiments to evaluate
      the effect of monensin feeding and withdrawal on female broilers. In Experiment 1
      at 49 days of age mean adipocyte sizes were: 49.2 micron, unmedicated controls;
      50.0 micron, medicated controls; 55.6 micron, medicated birds with 5-day
      withdrawal period; and 55.1 micron medicated birds with 10-day withdrawal period.
      In Experiment 2, adipocyte sizes of medicated controls were 62.5 and 63.5 micron
      at 44 and 51 days, respectively. All medicated birds received 120 ppm dietary
      monensin. In broilers subjected to drug withdrawal for 7 days, adipocyte size was
      60.1 micron at 44 days and 68.8 micron at 51 days after the drug withdrawal
      period. There were no significant differences (P less than .05) in adipocyte size
      among treatments in either experiment.

PMID- 3380779
TI  - Effect of niacin supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet on performance of
      turkey breeder hens.
AB  - Two trials were conducted to determine the need for niacin supplementation of
      Nicholas Large White Turkey hens fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 224 to 336
      days of age. Analysis of the corn and soybean meal indicated the niacin
      contribution to be 23.6 mg/kg diet. No supplemental niacin was required for
      maximum egg production, fertility, or hatchability. However, body and egg weights
      were significantly increased when 8.4 and 16.7 mg niacin were added per kilogram
      of diet, respectively. These data indicate that the turkey hen does not require
      more than 23.6 mg niacin/kg of a corn-soybean meal diet for egg production, but
      40.3 mg/kg was required for maximum egg weight in the presence of .17% tryptophan
      (analyzed in corn and soybean meal).

PMID- 3380781
TI  - Plasma uric acid of broiler breeder and Leghorn male chickens: effect of feeding
      time.
AB  - Three trials were conducted to determine the effect of feeding time (meal
      feeding) on plasma uric acid (PUA) levels of roosters. When sampling was done at
      various times postfeeding in two trials, PUA levels of broiler breeder males were
      highest at 2 h and lowest at 24 to 25 h postfeeding. In the third trial, meal-fed
      Leghorn males had the highest PUA levels at 2 h and lowest at 23.5 h postfeeding.
      Ad libitum-fed Leghorn males had a slow increase in PUA until 1100 h following
      lighting at 0500 h. The results suggest that feeding time in meal-fed birds and
      time of lighting in ad libitum-fed birds must be considered when determining PUA
      levels.

PMID- 3380782
TI  - High-resolution 13C NMR study of pressure effects on the main phase transition in
      L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - The effects of pressure on the liquid-crystalline to gel transition in vesicles
      of L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine were investigated by high-resolution
      proton-decoupled natural-abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy. The linewidths of
      several 13C resonances, including the choline methyl groups, carbonyl carbons,
      and choline methylene groups and the palmitoyl methyl groups are reported as a
      function of pressure at 52.7 degrees C. These preliminary NMR experiments clearly
      demonstrate that high-pressure, high-resolution proton-decoupled natural
      abundance 13C NMR spectra are a promising tool to study the phase-transition
      behavior and the dynamics of model membrane systems.

PMID- 3380783
TI  - Crystal and molecular structure of didemnin B, an antiviral and cytotoxic
      depsipeptide.
AB  - Didemnin B, a highly active depsipeptide isolated from a Caribbean tunicate,
      crystallizes from chloroform/benzene in the orthorhombic space group C2221, with
      cell parameters a = 14.990 +/- 0.003 A, b = 22.574 +/- 0.004 A, c = 41.112 +/-
      0.009 A, V = 13911.7 A3 at 138 K and a calculated density of 1.143 g/cm3 based on
      C57H89N7O15, 1.5C6H6.H2O and eight formula units per cell. The overall agreement
      factor R = 0.052 for 7699 reflections, 20 theta max = 150 degrees, Cu K-alpha
      radiation. The structure determination revealed that didemnin B contains an
      isostatine residue instead of a statine residue. The conformation of the 23
      membered depsipeptide ring is stabilized by one transannular hydrogen bond. The
      ring does not show the antiparallel beta-pleated-sheet structure but, instead,
      has a fold in the shape of a bent figure-eight. The linear peptide moiety,
      containing N-methylleucine and lactylproline, forms a beta (II)-bend and is
      folded back toward the cyclic backbone, giving the overall molecule a globular
      character. Comparison with the structure of cyclosporin A shows distinct
      stereochemical differences between the two molecules. It is suggested that
      didemnin B and cyclosporin A are unlikely to have a common receptor binding site.

PMID- 3380784
TI  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes increases in expression of c-erb-A and
      levels of protein-tyrosine kinases in selected tissues of responsive mouse
      strains.
AB  - 2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administered in vivo causes drastic
      reduction in the weight of the mouse thymus at low doses (e.g., 30 micrograms/kg
      single i.p. injection), the reduction becoming statistically significant after 2
      days. To understand the cause for such thymic involution TCDD-evoked changes in
      various biochemical parameters in this tissue were examined. The most noticeable
      change was observed in the increased activity of specific protein-tyrosine
      kinases and protein kinase C and an increased level of p21ras-associated binding
      of [3H]GTP. Since no significant change was observed with cAMP-stimulated protein
      kinases and cAMP levels, the above changes appear to be a selective effect on
      these special classes of proteins. As a result of a time sequence study it has
      become apparent that the rise in protein-tyrosine kinase activities becomes
      significant within 24 hr, whereas the rise in protein kinase C does not become
      significant until 48 hr. Among protein-tyrosine kinases, pp60c-src and probably
      pp561skT were found to be significantly elevated by TCDD treatment. In view of
      similarities between TCDD and thyroid hormones in causing thymic involution, the
      levels of c-erb-A expression were assessed in the liver by using avian 32P
      labeled v-erb-A probe and RNA transfer blot hybridization technique. The results
      clearly indicate that TCDD has the property to elevate levels of mRNA bearing
      homology to v-erb-A. Such changes in c-erb-A expression and protein-tyrosine
      kinase occurred only in TCDD-susceptible (responsive) strains but not in tolerant
      (nonresponsive) strains of mice at the dose tested. Based on such observations a
      hypothesis has been proposed that TCDD owes its potency to its ability to
      stimulate the expression of one of a family of DNAs bearing homology to v-erb-A
      and that one of the major consequences of such an action is stimulation of
      various tyrosine kinases.

PMID- 3380785
TI  - The major adduct of the antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with DNA
      bends the duplex by approximately equal to 40 degrees toward the major groove.
AB  - We used gel electrophoresis methods to show that reaction of DNA with cis
      diamminedichloroplatinum(II) results in a substantial (approximately equal to 40
      degrees) bend in the double helix at the intrastrand crosslink between the N7
      atoms of adjacent guanosine nucleosides, which bond to the platinum(II) complex
      with loss of two chloride ions. Multimers of a 22-base-pair (bp) oligonucleotide
      platinated at a single site show strong anomalies in their electrophoretic
      mobilities as a consequence of coherent addition of in-phase platinum-induced
      bends. Increase of the sequence repeat of the platinated site to 27 bp yields
      multimers of nearly normal mobility because the bends are out of phase. The
      direction of Pt-induced bends relative to adenosine-tract bends was determined
      from the electrophoretic mobility of multimers in which repeated platination
      sites are interdigitated at various phasings relative to repeated adenosine
      tracts. Optimum bending occurs when 1.5 helical turns separate the cis
      [Pt(NH3)2[d(pGpG)]](N7,N7) adducts from the center of the adenosine tracts. This
      phasing produces coherent addition of adenosine tract bends toward the minor
      groove at their centers and Pt-induced bends toward the major groove, where the
      platinum is located.

PMID- 3380786
TI  - Isolation of a Bacillus thuringiensis RNA polymerase capable of transcribing
      crystal protein genes.
AB  - We report the isolation of an RNA polymerase from sporulating cells of Bacillus
      thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1-Dipel that directs transcription from the
      promoter region of an insecticidal crystal protein gene. The core components of
      this RNA polymerase are associated with a polypeptide that has an apparent mass
      of 35 kDa. Neither RNA polymerase holoenzyme isolated from vegetative B.
      thuringiensis, nor the core derived from this enzyme, is capable of transcribing
      from the crystal protein gene promoter region; the addition of gel-purified 35
      kDa polypeptide to the core reconstitutes the specific transcribing capability.
      The reconstituted enzyme does not direct transcription from the promoters for the
      ctc or spoVG genes of Bacillus subtilis; however, this form of RNA polymerase
      does direct transcription from a promoter for the 27-kDa crystal protein of B.
      thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and from a promoter for a 29-kDa polypeptide
      present in cuboidal crystals of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. We propose
      a tentative consensus sequence based on the alignment of the three B.
      thuringiensis promoters. This consensus sequence is different from consensus
      sequences reported for promoters recognized by enzymes containing other sigma
      subunits, suggesting that the 35-kDa polypeptide is an unusual sigma subunit.

PMID- 3380787
TI  - Three-dimensional structure of carbamoyl phosphate and succinate bound to
      aspartate carbamoyltransferase.
AB  - The three-dimensional structure of the ternary complex of carbamoyl phosphate,
      succinate, and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.2) has been determined to
      2.6-A resolution. The binding of the phosphate of carbamoyl phosphate is similar
      to the binding of the phosphonate of N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA);
      interacting with the carboxylates of succinate are some of the same residues that
      interact with the carboxylates of PALA. The amino group of carbamoyl phosphate
      donates hydrogen bonds to the main-chain carbonyls of residues Pro-266 and Leu
      267 and the side-chain carbonyl of Gln-137. In comparing the structure of the
      active sites in the PALA-enzyme complex to the active sites in the carbamoyl
      phosphate-succinate-enzyme complex, we find that they are similar.

PMID- 3380788
TI  - Primary structure of the human follistatin precursor and its genomic
      organization.
AB  - Follistatin is a single-chain gonadal protein that specifically inhibits follicle
      stimulating hormone release. By use of the recently characterized porcine
      follistatin cDNA as a probe to screen a human testis cDNA library and a genomic
      library, the structure of the complete human follistatin precursor as well as its
      genomic organization have been determined. Three of eight cDNA clones that were
      sequenced predicted a precursor with 344 amino acids, whereas the remaining five
      cDNA clones encoded a 317 amino acid precursor, resulting from alternative
      splicing of the precursor mRNA. Mature follistatins contain four contiguous
      domains that are encoded by precisely separated exons; three of the domains are
      highly similar to each other, as well as to human epidermal growth factor and
      human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. The genomic organization of the
      human follistatin is similar to that of the human epidermal growth factor gene
      and thus supports the notion of exon shuffling during evolution.

PMID- 3380789
TI  - Mutation of a site of tyrosine phosphorylation in the lymphocyte-specific
      tyrosine protein kinase, p56lck, reveals its oncogenic potential in fibroblasts.
AB  - p56lck, a cellular tyrosine protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.112) of the src family, is
      expressed in essentially all T cells and in some B cells. Expression in
      nonlymphoid cells is observed only rarely. We have found that mutation of a
      carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation site, tyrosine-505, reveals an oncogenic
      activity of this protein. Infection of fibroblasts with a retrovirus encoding
      wild-type p56lck is without consequence. In contrast, infection with a virus
      encoding the mutant protein leads to greatly increased phosphorylation of
      cellular proteins on tyrosine, morphological transformation, and anchorage
      independent growth. This suggests that the tyrosine protein kinase activity and
      the oncogenic potential of p56lck are normally suppressed in vivo by
      phosphorylation of tyrosine-505. Since similar results were obtained previously
      with an analogous mutant of c-src, our results suggest that the protein kinase
      activity of all members of the src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinases
      will prove to be regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation at a conserved residue
      near the carboxyl terminus. Because p56lck is normally expressed only in lymphoid
      cells, it was possible that p56lck would be without effect in other tissues. The
      transformation of fibroblasts by mutant p56lck shows that this lymphoid protein
      can interact productively with nonlymphoid polypeptide substrates.

PMID- 3380790
TI  - Avian reovirus mRNAs are nonfunctional in infected mouse cells: translational
      basis for virus host-range restriction.
AB  - Avian reovirus S1133 penetrates and uncoats in suspension cultures of mouse L
      cells. The multiple species of viral transcripts are produced in the cytoplasm of
      the infected cell, but they fail to associate with polysomes, consistent with the
      absence of viral protein synthesis. The selective block in avian virus mRNA
      translation is not overcome by coinfection with mammalian reovirus type 3, which
      replicates in mouse L cells, or by hypertonic shock or exposure to a low
      concentration of cycloheximide. Although the avian viral transcripts are inactive
      in vivo, RNA extracted from infected, nonpermissive L cells directs the synthesis
      of a normal spectrum of viral proteins in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. These
      results indicate that avian viral transcription is not restricted in mouse cells
      and that viral replication is prevented at the level of initiation of protein
      synthesis.

PMID- 3380791
TI  - Probing the salt bridge in the dihydrofolate reductase-methotrexate complex by
      using the coordinate-coupled free-energy perturbation method.
AB  - The importance of the ionic interaction due to the formation of the salt bridge
      between the Asp-27 and the pteridine ring in Escherichia coli dihydrofolate
      reductase-methotrexate complex has been studied by using the free-energy
      perturbation method. The calculation suggests that the ion-pair contribution to
      the binding energy is insignificant, as the enzyme surroundings do not stabilize
      the salt bridge to the extent of the desolvation of the charged groups. The
      activation barrier for the proton exchange between the pteridine ring and the Asp
      27 is calculated to be 20.1 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J) by using the coordinate
      coupled perturbation method, implying that this may be a channel to the proton
      exchange from the pteridine ring to the solvent. The Gibbs-energy difference of
      binding between the Asn-27 and Ser-27 is calculated to be 3.2 kcal/mol and is
      mainly due to the electrostatic interactions.

PMID- 3380792
TI  - Regulation of the surface pressure of lipid monolayers and bilayers by the
      activity of water: derivation and application of an equation of state.
AB  - A quasi-two-dimensional equation of state for liquid-type lipid monolayers has
      been derived and successfully applied to surface pressure-area isotherms obtained
      with a variety of lipids. For lipids with acyl moieties of similar length, the
      surface pressure and area at monolayer collapse can be accurately predicted from
      data obtained at lower surface pressure. Consideration of the rationalized
      activity coefficient as a linear scaler in an expression for surface pressure as
      a function of depth in the surface phase permits comparison of surface pressure
      area data for monolayers with force-distance data for bilayers. This analysis
      shows the thermodynamic equivalence of monolayers at collapse and fully hydrated
      bilayers. It also supports the interpretation of the activity coefficient as a
      scaler and allows its determination solely from bilayer-derived data. Overall,
      the results show the common assumption that partial specific volume of water
      equals its bulk value to be inappropriate for the analysis of surface structure.

PMID- 3380793
TI  - Energetics of the structure of the four-alpha-helix bundle in proteins.
AB  - The main features of the four-alpha-helix bundle, one of the characteristic
      structural elements of many proteins, can be explained in terms of noncovalent
      interactions between the constituent helices. Conformational energy computations
      have been carried out on four types of four-alpha-helix bundles, each consisting
      of four CH3CO-(L-Ala)10-NHCH3 polypeptide chains, with various combinations of
      parallel and antiparallel orientations of the helices. In the bundle with the
      most favorable energy, all pairs of neighboring helices are oriented antiparallel
      -i.e., in the orientation that is favored by electrostatic interactions between
      the helices. In this structure, the orientation angle between neighboring helix
      axes is -168 degrees, within +/- 7 degrees, in close agreement with the
      orientation angles observed in proteins and with the value that we computed
      earlier for the most favorable packing of pairs of interacting alpha-helices.
      This orientation corresponds to a left-handed twisting of the helical bundle. The
      preferred handedness of this twisting arises as a result of favorable nonbonded
      interactions between the alpha-helices.

PMID- 3380794
TI  - Negative regulation of DNA synthesis in early erythropoietic progenitor cells
      (BFU-E) by a protein purified from the medium of C57BL/6 mouse marrow cells.
AB  - During studies on the influence of Fv-2 on the cycle state of the erythroid burst
      forming unit (BFU-E), an activity was found in bone marrow supernatants from
      C57BL/6 (B6) mice that shut down DNA synthesis of the BFU-E in vitro. It acted
      within minutes, its action was completely reversed by a single wash, and it
      appeared specific to the BFU-E. The activity-causing substance, being
      macromolecular, heat stable, and trypsin-sensitive, was evidently a protein and
      was named negative regulatory protein. We purified a negative regulatory protein
      from a bone marrow-derived "B6 Pan" cell line with properties thus far
      indistinguishable from those of the negative regulatory protein obtained directly
      from B6 marrow. By gel filtration the protein has a Mr of approximately equal to
      79,000, by cation- and anion-exchange chromatography it appears to be a neutral
      molecule at physiological pH, and the molecule does not bind to Con A. After five
      sequential chromatographic steps, we obtained a preparation active at a
      concentration of 25 ng/ml. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that
      quiescence of BFU-E with respect to DNA synthesis in vivo in B6 mice is mediated
      by negative regulatory protein molecules.

PMID- 3380795
TI  - Heterotypic and homotypic associations between the nuclear lamins: site
      specificity and control by phosphorylation.
AB  - Using purified components in affinity chromatography and blot binding assays, we
      have found that rat liver lamins A, B, and C can associate in homotypic and
      heterotypic fashions. Heterotypic A-B and C-B complexes are unusually stable and
      involve the common amino-terminal domain of lamins A and C, but not their helical
      "rod" domain. A synthetic peptide, comprising the first 32 amino acid residues of
      lamins A and C, is able to fully compete with the intact molecules for binding to
      lamin B. Conversely, heterotypic A-C associations and homotypic A-A and C-C
      interactions appear significantly weaker than A/C-B binding and do not involve
      the lamin A and C amino-terminal domain. Homotypic B-B complexes are not formed
      to any considerable extent unless isolated lamin B subunits are
      "superphosphorylated" in vitro with protein kinase A. However, when lamins A and
      C are similarly modified, no changes in their binding specificity can be
      detected. These data suggest that the nuclear lamina, unlike other multicomponent
      intermediate filaments, constitutes a nonobligatory heteropolymer. They also
      indicate that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of interphase lamin B could cause
      remodeling of the lamina and establishment of homopolymeric domains.

PMID- 3380796
TI  - Use of a mutant cell line to study the kinetics and function of O-linked
      glycosylation of low density lipoprotein receptors.
AB  - A rapidly reversible defect in protein O-glycosylation exhibited by a line of
      mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was used to study the kinetics and
      function of O-glycosylation of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The
      mutant line, genotype LDLD, cannot synthesize UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine under
      normal culture conditions and, therefore, cannot add mucin-type O-linked
      oligosaccharides to proteins. The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine pools in LDLD cells
      can be filled rapidly when N-acetylgalactosamine is added to the culture medium,
      thus restoring normal synthesis of O-linked carbohydrates. Pulse-chase metabolic
      labeling experiments were used to show that (i) the first step in the O
      glycosylation of LDL receptors can occur posttranslationally; (ii) after O-linked
      sugar-deficient LDL receptors reach the cell surface, they are not subject to
      subsequent O-linked sugar addition, suggesting that they do not return to
      compartments in which O-glycosylation takes place; (iii) O-linked carbohydrate
      chains on the LDL receptor itself are required for normal stability and function;
      and (iv) the instability of the O-linked sugar-deficient LDL receptor is due to
      proteolytic cleavage and the release into the medium of the bulk of the NH2
      terminal extracellular domain of the receptor. It appears that O-glycosylation of
      the LDL receptor and several other cell surface glycoproteins permits stable cell
      surface expression by preventing proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular
      domains of these proteins.

PMID- 3380797
TI  - The gene encoding multidrug resistance is induced and expressed at high levels
      during pregnancy in the secretory epithelium of the uterus.
AB  - A survey of the expression of the multidrug-resistance gene (mdr) in mouse
      tissues revealed that a mdr mRNA species is expressed at extremely high levels in
      the gravid uterus. mdr mRNA expression levels increase dramatically during
      pregnancy compared to the relatively low levels of expression observed in the
      nongravid uterus. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that the increased
      expression of the mdr mRNA is specifically localized to the secretory epithelial
      cells of the endometrium. Immunocytochemistry studies with a mdr glycoprotein
      specific antiserum demonstrate that the mdr glycoprotein is predominantly
      localized to the luminal surface of the secretory epithelial cells. These results
      indicate that the mdr gene expression in the uterus is controlled by the
      physiologic changes associated with pregnancy. Our data are consistent with a
      potential role for the mdr glycoprotein in the transport of substrate across the
      secretory epithelium of the gravid uterus.

PMID- 3380798
TI  - Production of oxidative DNA damage during the metabolic activation of
      benzo[a]pyrene in human mammary epithelial cells correlates with cell killing.
AB  - We have studied the generation of reactive oxygen species during the metabolism
      of a carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene, by human mammary epithelial cells. We have
      quantitated the production of one type of oxidative DNA damage, thymine glycols,
      by using a monoclonal antibody specific to this base modification. Thymine
      glycols were produced in DNA in a dose-dependent manner after exposure of human
      mammary epithelial cells to benzo[a]pyrene. The number of thymine glycols formed
      in the DNA was similar to that of 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene covalently bound to the DNA. Exposure of cells to the
      carcinogen in the presence of superoxide dismutase, which reduces superoxide
      anions, inhibited the production of thymine glycols and increased cell survival
      but had little effect on adduct formation. At equitoxic doses, approximately
      equal to 10-fold more thymine glycols were formed after exposure to
      benzo[a]pyrene than to gamma-irradiation. Thymine glycols, produced by either
      agent, were efficiently removed from the DNA of the cells. Since thymine glycols
      represent only a portion of the oxidative damage possibly produced, our results
      indicate that the total amount of oxidative damage induced during the exposure of
      human mammary epithelial cells to benzo[a]pyrene greatly exceeds the amount
      produced by direct adduct formation and that this indirect damage plays an
      important role in the cytotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene.

PMID- 3380799
TI  - Codon preference is but an illusion created by the construction principle of
      coding sequences.
AB  - Modern coding sequences are in the periodicto-chaotic transition. In the case of
      two related sequences for lens alpha A-crystallin and small heat shock protein,
      the original repeating units were heptameric in length. Accordingly, base trimers
      that were parts of heptameric units recurred far more frequently than those that
      were not included. In the crystallin coding sequence, CTG trimer recurred 21
      times, and TCT and TCC trimers recurred 17 times each. By contrast, CTA and TCG,
      although related to the above, recurred only 4 and 3 times, respectively. It is a
      small wonder that 10 of the 16 leucine residues were encoded by CTG, whereas none
      was encoded by CTA, and that 17 of the 23 serine residues were encoded either by
      TCT or by TCC, whereas only 1 was encoded by TCG. In the small heat shock protein
      coding sequence, however, AGC became parts of the two prominent heptameric
      recurring units. Not surprisingly, 10 of the 22 serine residues were now encoded
      by AGC. In conclusion, the so-called codon preference is a mere reflection of the
      construction principle of coding sequences and has very little to do with
      selection per se.

PMID- 3380800
TI  - Protective immunity and eosinophilia in IgE-deficient SJA/9 mice infected with
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichinella spiralis.
AB  - To elucidate the roles of IgE antibody in host responses to helminth infection,
      selective IgE-deficient SJA/9 mice were infected with the nematode parasites
      Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, which elicits remarkable potentiated IgE
      production, and Trichinella spiralis, which induces strong anti-Trichinella IgE
      antibody production in normal mice. The kinetics of blood eosinophilia, worm
      burden after primary infection, and resistance to secondary infection in SJA/9
      mice were the same in both infections as those in congenic SJL/J mice used as an
      IgE-producing control. These results indicate that the host responses examined
      here operate under IgE-independent mechanisms.

PMID- 3380801
TI  - Reversal of the metastatic phenotype in Lewis lung carcinoma cells after
      transfection with syngeneic H-2Kb gene.
AB  - High metastatic clones of the murine 3LL carcinoma express greatly reduced levels
      of H-2Kb major histocompatibility complex class I antigens, while low metastatic
      clones of the same tumor express high levels of H-2Kb. Induced expression of this
      antigen after transfection with the H-2Kb gene resulted in conversion of a
      metastatic to a non- or low-metastatic phenotype. Unlike the parental cells,
      transfected cells are potent inducers of H-2Kb-restricted syngeneic cytotoxic
      lymphocytes that kill the Kb-positive clones and cross-react with parental
      nontransfected cells. Preimmunization of mice with Kb-positive transfectants
      conferred protection against metastatic spread of malignant cells. Moreover,
      immunotherapy of metastasis was achieved by immunization with the H-2Kb
      transfected cells of animals already carrying a growing local tumor of the
      parental cells.

PMID- 3380802
TI  - Endogenous adenosine and hemorrhagic shock: effects of caffeine administration or
      caffeine withdrawal.
AB  - Plasma adenosine concentrations doubled when rats were subjected to 90 min of
      profound hemorrhagic shock. Administration of caffeine (20 mg per kg of body
      weight), an adenosine-receptor antagonist, attenuated the hemorrhage-induced
      decrease in blood pressure. In contrast, chronic caffeine consumption (0.1% in
      drinking water), followed by a brief period of caffeine withdrawal, amplified the
      hypotensive response to hemorrhage. These data suggest that endogenous adenosine
      participates in the hypotensive response to hemorrhage and that caffeine may
      protect against, and caffeine withdrawal may exacerbate, this response.

PMID- 3380803
TI  - Human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar
      to those of influenza C viruses.
AB  - Human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus elute from agglutinated chicken
      erythrocytes when incubated at 37 degrees C, suggesting the presence of a
      receptor-destroying enzyme. Moreover, bovine coronavirus exhibits an
      acetylesterase activity in vitro using bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate
      similar to the enzymatic activity found in influenza C viruses. Furthermore,
      pretreatment of erythrocytes with either influenza C virus or bovine coronavirus
      eliminates subsequent binding and agglutination by either coronaviruses or
      influenza C virus, whereas binding of influenza A virus remains intact. In
      addition, hemagglutination by coronaviruses can be inhibited by pretreatment of
      erythrocytes with Arthrobacter ureafaciens or Clostridium perfringens
      neuraminidase or by addition of sialic acid-containing gangliosides. These
      results suggest that, like influenza C viruses, human coronavirus OC43 and bovine
      coronavirus recognize O-acetylated sialic acid or a similar derivative as cell
      receptor.

PMID- 3380804
TI  - Background light and the contrast gain of primate P and M retinal ganglion cells.
AB  - Retinal ganglion cells projecting to the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus fall
      into two classes: those projecting to the magnocellular layers of the nucleus (M
      cells) have a higher contrast gain to luminance patterns at photopic levels of
      retinal illumination than those projecting to the parvocellular layers (P cells).
      We report here that this difference in luminance contrast gain between M and P
      cells is maintained at low levels of mean retinal illumination. In fact, our
      results suggest that in the mesopic and scotopic ranges of mean illumination, the
      M-cell/magnocellular pathway is the predominant conveyor of information about
      spatial contrast to the visual cortex.

PMID- 3380805
TI  - VAMP-1: a synaptic vesicle-associated integral membrane protein.
AB  - Several proteins are associated with, or are integral components of, the lipid
      bilayer that forms the delineating membrane of neuronal synaptic vesicles. To
      characterize these molecules, we used a polyclonal antiserum raised against
      purified cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo to screen a cDNA expression
      library constructed from mRNA of the electromotor nucleus. One clone encodes VAMP
      1 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 1), a nervous-system-specific protein of
      120 amino acids whose primary sequence can be divided into three domains: a
      proline-rich amino terminus, a highly charged internal region, and a hydrophobic
      carboxyl-terminal domain that is predicted to comprise a membrane anchor. Tryptic
      digestion of intact and lysed vesicles suggests that the protein faces the
      cytoplasm, where it may play a role in packaging, transport, or release of
      neurotransmitters.

PMID- 3380806
TI  - Ion transport by the Na-Ca exchange in isolated rod outer segments.
AB  - The inward membrane current generated by the coupled exchange of external sodium
      for internal calcium has been investigated in isolated rod outer segments. The
      exchange rate is sensitive to voltage, with a reduction by a factor of e
      occurring for a 70-mV depolarization in normal Ringer's solution. The voltage
      sensitivity is not a constant property of the exchange, as it is reduced by an
      increase in external Na+ or by the removal of external Ca2+, Mg2+, or K+. Changes
      in membrane potential do not appear to affect the affinity of the exchange
      mechanism for internal Ca2+, but hyperpolarization increases the affinity for
      external Na+. When the external Na+ concentration is raised sufficiently to
      saturate the exchange mechanism, the voltage sensitivity is no longer apparent.
      We propose that the voltage dependence of the exchange is due to the external Na+
      binding site being sensitive to membrane potential, perhaps because it is located
      within the membrane electric field.

PMID- 3380808
TI  - What price health education?

PMID- 3380809
TI  - Surgical treatment of bone tumours.

PMID- 3380807
TI  - D1-type dopamine receptors inhibit growth cone motility in cultured retina
      neurons: evidence that neurotransmitters act as morphogenic growth regulators in
      the developing central nervous system.
AB  - Precedent exists for the early development and subsequent down-regulation of
      neurotransmitter receptor systems in the vertebrate central nervous system, but
      the function of such embryonic receptors has not been established. Here we show
      that stimulation of early-developing dopamine receptors in avian retina cells
      greatly inhibits the motility of neuronal growth cones. Neurons from embryonic
      chicken retinas were cultured in low-density monolayers, and their growth cones
      were observed with phase-contrast or video-enhanced-contrast-differential
      interference-contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy. Approximately 25% of the neurons
      responded to micromolar dopamine with a rapid reduction in filopodial activity
      followed by a flattening of growth cones and retraction of neurites. The response
      occurred at all ages examined (embryonic day-8 retinal neurons cultured on
      polylysine-coated coverslips for 1-7 days), although neurite retraction was
      greatest in younger cultures. Effects of dopamine on growth cone function could
      be reversed by haloperidol or (+)-SCH 23390, whereas forskolin elicited a
      response similar to dopamine; these data show the response was receptor-mediated,
      acting through a D1-type system, and are consistent with the use of cAMP as a
      second messenger. The experiments provide strong support for the hypothesis that
      neurotransmitters, besides mediating transynaptic signaling in the adult, may
      have a role in neuronal differentiation as growth regulators.

PMID- 3380810
TI  - Nursing in general practice.

PMID- 3380812
TI  - Incontinence in people with mental handicap.

PMID- 3380811
TI  - Research and common sense.

PMID- 3380813
TI  - Silent nights.

PMID- 3380814
TI  - Getting your baby to sleep at night.

PMID- 3380815
TI  - How to retain nurses.

PMID- 3380817
TI  - Research can solve problems of getting dressed.

PMID- 3380816
TI  - Asthma: latest developments in care.

PMID- 3380818
TI  - Membrane biophysics III. Biological transport. Proceedings of the 25th annual
      meeting of the Biological Transport Group, in a joint meeting with the Midwest
      Salt and Water Club. Cumberland Lake, Kentucky, June 21-24, 1987.

PMID- 3380819
TI  - Biphasic response of Na+-dependent amino acid transport to tumor promoting
      phorbol esters in cultured renal epithelial cells, LLC-PK1.
AB  - Confluent, nongrowing renal epithelial cells, LLC-PK1, have a low rate of Na+
      dependent (A-system) amino acid transport. Following a brief period of amino acid
      and serum deprivation, but with glucose provided as an energy source, such cells
      respond to the tumor promoter TPA with a brief enhancement of A-system activity
      that returns to control levels within 10-20 min. The response is followed some 30
      min later by a large and prolonged elevation of transport activity (delayed
      response). The responses may be related to an increased amino acid requirement in
      mitogenized cells. The initial transport response appears to be the consequence
      of a protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation event, phosphorylating either a
      regulator or the transporter itself, while the delayed response is dependent on
      the synthesis of new protein. The delayed transport response may also be
      dependent upon an early phosphorylation event, although apparently less directly
      than the early transport response. Several candidate proteins that might be
      involved in the regulation of the response(s) may be seen when
      electrophoretically separated cell proteins are examined for 32P or
      [35S]methionine incorporation after TPA treatment.

PMID- 3380820
TI  - Angiotensin receptor mediated regulation of transport in the rat proximal tubule.
AB  - The intracellular mechanism of Ang II action, as supported by the present data,
      may be summarized by the following: Ang II interacts with its receptors, leading
      to an increase in cytosolic Ca+2 by mobilization of Ca+2 from intracellular
      pools. This rise in cytosolic Ca+2 initiates the activation of calmodulin
      regulated enzymes. This then leads to inhibition of both JV and JHCO3-.

PMID- 3380821
TI  - Renal handling of adriamycin.
AB  - The excretion of the anticancer drug, adriamycin (ADR) was investigated in dogs.
      Its plasma half-life was found to be 8.4 hrs. 1. ADR was excreted in the bile
      against concentration gradient. The biliary clearance ratio between ADR and
      creatinine was ranged from 30-100. 2. Intra-arterial injection studies showed
      that ADR was both reabsorbed and secreted by the renal tubules. Stop-flow studies
      indicated that the secretion of ADR was localized at the proximal tubular
      section. 3. The tubular secretion of ADR is probably by an organic base secretory
      mechanism. Acidification of the urine would augment the urinary excretion of ADR
      and alkalinization reduces it. Probenecid has little effect on ADR excretion.

PMID- 3380822
TI  - Maternal tobacco smoking and alterations in amino acid transport in human
      placenta: induction of transport systems.
AB  - The uptake of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by human placental villi from
      smokers and nonsmokers was measured. Washed placental villi of smokers exhibited
      higher uptake capacity for AIB than those of nonsmokers. The higher uptake
      capacity in smokers was due to increase in Vmax. Smoking increased Km and
      decreased affinity to AIB. This is possibly due to decreased fluidity of the
      plasma membrane of the villus during maternal smoking. These observations suggest
      that placenta utilizes its ability to increase the accumulation of amino acids
      during the adverse environmental conditions produced by maternal smoking.

PMID- 3380824
TI  - Nicotine replacement: a critical evaluation. Based on a conference. January 21
      22, 1987, Bethesda, Maryland.

PMID- 3380823
TI  - Membrane-transport of sugars in diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The transport of sugars in the isolated small intestine of diabetic rats was
      examined. It was found earlier (Csaky and Fischer 1981 and 1984) that one symptom
      of the diabetes, hyperglycemia, sustained for at least 4 hours, causes a marked
      enhancement of the mucosal-to-serosal flux of glucose, galactose and 3-0
      methylglucose. Based on the finding that the enhanced sugar flux was inhibited by
      phloretin but not by phlorizin and was completely abolished by the protein
      synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, the theory was proposed that sustained
      maintenance of high blood sugar induces the synthesis of new sugar carrier sites
      which are mostly likely localized in the basolateral membrane. In the present
      study it was found that sustained hyperglycemia significantly enhances the
      mucosal-to-serosal flux of 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG) but does not alter the flux of
      alpha-methylglucoside (alpha MG). As it is known that in the small intestine
      alpha MG is preferentially transported in the brush border while 2DG is a
      preferred substrate for the basolateral membrane, the present findings
      corroborate the theory that the enhancement of the intestinal sugar transport
      produced by sustained hyperglycemia is localized in the basolateral membrane. A
      working hypothesis is proposed that the high blood sugar sensing receptor
      localized in the basolateral membrane is identical with the transport receptor
      (carrier).

PMID- 3380825
TI  - The role of upper airway stimulation in smoking.

PMID- 3380827
TI  - Ultrastructure of airway smooth muscle.

PMID- 3380826
TI  - Mechanisms in asthma. Pharmacology, physiology, and management. Proceedings of a
      satellite symposium of the 10th International Congress of Pharmacology. Ayers
      Rock, Australia, August 30-September 2, 1987.

PMID- 3380829
TI  - Perspectives in shock research. Proceedings of the tenth annual Conference on
      Shock and the first International Shock Congress. Montreal, June 7-11, 1987.

PMID- 3380828
TI  - Thromboxane A2 and airway responsiveness to acetylcholine aerosol in the
      conscious primate.

PMID- 3380830
TI  - Endotoxins as mediators.

PMID- 3380831
TI  - Central impairment of sympathetic outflow during hemorrhagic shock and endotoxin
      shock.

PMID- 3380832
TI  - Cardiopulmonary response of the elderly to traumatic and septic shock.

PMID- 3380833
TI  - Bacteremia in a Veteran's Administration extended care facility.

PMID- 3380835
TI  - Right ventricular dysfunction in human septic shock.

PMID- 3380834
TI  - Comparative evaluation of pulmonary and peripheral protein clearance following
      post-operative gram-negative bacteremia.

PMID- 3380836
TI  - Lipid A-induced eicosanoid production by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells
      and rabbit hepatocytes.

PMID- 3380837
TI  - Pentobarbital attenuates arteriolar constrictor and dilator responses to
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 3380838
TI  - Time course changes in renal sympathetic nerve and phrenic nerve activity during
      hemorrhagic shock in rabbits.

PMID- 3380839
TI  - Ethane in expired air during shock in rats.

PMID- 3380840
TI  - Lung microvascular lesions with and without inhalation injury in thermally
      injured sheep.

PMID- 3380841
TI  - Airway acid injury following smoke inhalation.

PMID- 3380842
TI  - Evidence of local complement activation in cutaneous thermal injury in rats.

PMID- 3380843
TI  - Dietary oils: effects on lethal superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock in the
      rat.

PMID- 3380844
TI  - Prospective: a retrospective perspective on the nature of wounds.

PMID- 3380845
TI  - Growth factors and other aspects of wound healing: biological and clinical
      implications. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Tissue Repair.
      Tarpon Springs, Florida, May 13-17, 1987.

PMID- 3380846
TI  - Growth factors and their role in wound and fracture healing.

PMID- 3380848
TI  - Advantages and limitations of in vitro models of wound healing and tissue repair.

PMID- 3380847
TI  - Somatomedins: do they play a pivotal role in wound healing?
AB  - Somatomedin-C is present in human and other animal wound fluids. Somatomedin-C
      has previously been shown to be synthesized by fibroblasts. Our data shows that
      at least part of the wound fluid somatomedin-C comes from local wound synthesis.
      This somatomedin-C has the capability of acting as an autocrine in further
      stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, somatomedin-C has been
      shown to stimulate collagen synthesis by fibroblasts. Wound fluid also contains a
      somatomedin carrier protein; however, our evidence is that association between
      the carrier protein and somatomedin-C is much weaker than normal and, thus, wound
      fluid somatomedin that is bound to carrier protein is much more "available" for
      biologic action. An understanding of the role of somatomedins in normal wound
      healing might be able to help us understand abnormalities of the repair process
      such as keloid formation.

PMID- 3380849
TI  - Mediation of post-surgical wound healing by macrophages.

PMID- 3380850
TI  - Wound healing by epidermal-derived factors: experimental and preliminary clinical
      studies.

PMID- 3380851
TI  - Clinical experience with crude preparations of growth factors in healing of
      chronic wounds in human subjects.

PMID- 3380852
TI  - The effects of different growth factors in subcutaneous wound chambers.

PMID- 3380853
TI  - Hypertension-induced protein leakage in the brain in chronic ethanol administered
      rats.
AB  - The effect of adrenalin on permeability of blood brain barrier in chronic alcohol
      administered rats was examined by using Evans-blue as a barrier tracer. Chronic
      alcohol per se did not have remarkable effect on blood-brain barrier
      permeability. Adrenalin administration to the chronic alcohol group caused
      minimal disruption in blood brain barrier. The results shown that chronic alcohol
      protects the blood brain barrier permeability against hypertension due to
      adrenalin.

PMID- 3380855
TI  - Synthesis of some 1,2,4-triazine derivatives with potential biological activity.
AB  - 6-Substituted benzyl-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones 5a-e and the 4-amino
      derivatives 12c, e were prepared and converted into their corresponding 3
      methylthio derivatives 6a-e and 13c, e, respectively of compounds 6a-e with
      primary and secondary amines gave the corresponding 3-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones
      7a-i and 8a, b. Cyclocondensation of compounds 6a-e and 13c, e with anthranilic
      acid was proved to give the corresponding triazino [3,2-b] quinazolindiones 9a-e
      and the 1-amino derivatives 11a, b.

PMID- 3380854
TI  - Effect of L-carnitine derivatives on heart mitochondrial damage induced by lipid
      peroxidation.
AB  - We have incubated heart mitochondria with ferrous ions as catalyst of lipid
      peroxidation. Ferrous ions induced an increase of malondialdehyde formation and a
      reduction of mitochondrial oxygen consuming and calcium transporting capacities.
      L-Carnitine and Acetyl-L-Carnitine failed to prevent mitochondrial damage.
      Propionyl-L-Carnitine significantly improved mitochondrial function, but failed
      to reduce malondialdehyde formation. This protective effect was specific for
      Propionyl-L-Carnitine as propionic acid and L-Carnitine did not modify
      mitochondrial damage.

PMID- 3380856
TI  - [Crystal modifications of 3-cyan-6-methyl-5-(pyrid-4-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one
      (milrinone)].
AB  - The preparation and characterisation of crystalline alpha-, beta- and gamma
      modifications of 3-cyan-6-methyl-5-(4-pyrid-4-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrid-2-on e are
      described. The thermic transformation of alpha- and beta-modification into gamma
      modification was proved by thermogravimetric analysis (t.g.a.), differential
      scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.), IR and powder diffraction pattern. In dissolution
      behaviour no significant differences were found between the modifications.

PMID- 3380857
TI  - [X-ray structural analysis of 3 crystalline modifications of 3-cyan-5-methyl-5
      (pyridinyl)-1,2-dihydro-pyrid-2-one (milrinone)].
AB  - The crystal and molecular structures of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-modification
      of the cardiotonic compound milrinone have been determined by X-ray structure
      analyses. In all modifications the molecules exist in the lactam form. Because of
      steric hindrances the pyridine rings deviate considerably from coplanarity. The
      dihedral angle amounts to 45 degrees in milrinone-alpha, 43.7 degrees in
      milrinone-beta, and 57.5 degrees in milrinone-gamma. In the three crystal
      structures molecules are connected via hydrogen bonds forming dimers. These are
      centrosymmetric in milrinone-alpha and -beta. In milrinone-gamma the molecules
      within a dimer are symmetry related by a twofold axis. The dimers are linked by
      charge transfer interactions. This leads to infinite chains in the alpha- and
      beta-modification and to infinite layers in milrinone-gamma.

PMID- 3380858
TI  - [UV spectrophotometry in drug control. 37. New active substances containing
      benzene, pyridine and quinoline chromophores in the molecule. 8. Effect of
      substitution and solvent].
AB  - The behaviour of 10 new substances with benzene, pyridine and chinoline
      chromophores was tested in the UV and visible spectral region. Influences of
      substituents and solvents on shifts of the bands E, K, B and R are discussed.

PMID- 3380859
TI  - Stability studies of 14C-Cytostasan solutions and its extraction using
      dicarbolide of cobalt.
AB  - In this study the stability of 14C-Cytostasan (1, bendamustine), in water
      solutions was investigated. In distilled water a rapid degradation of carrier
      free 14C-1 occurred. The degradation products of 14C-1 are 14C-monohydroxy-1 and
      14C-dihydroxy-1 (evidence with the TLC). The degradation rate of 14C-1 was
      reduced by addition of nonlabelled 1 to the 14C-1 stock solution. The possibility
      of using distribution coefficient as a stability indicator of 14C-1 solutions was
      investigated. A number of organic solvents ranging from polar to nonpolar were
      used for extraction of 14C-1 from water solution. Only ethyl acetate was slightly
      effective. The distribution coefficient of 14C-1 was dramatically enhanced in
      presence of dicarbolide of cobalt (DC-H+) in benzene at extraction from HClO4
      (0.5 mol.l-1).

PMID- 3380860
TI  - [Determination of critical surface tension--a comparison of 2 methods].
AB  - Two methods for the determination of the critical surface tension (gamma c) of
      pharmaceutical powders are compared: the so called "sinking-technique", which
      works by measuring the complete sinking of powders in liquids of varying surface
      tension and the determination of the critical surface tension by measuring the
      contact angle in dependence on the surface tension of wetting solvent/water
      mixtures by means of the sessile drop-technique. The simple sinking-technique
      gives gamma c-values which only show a moderate degree of agreement with those
      determined by the sessile drop-technique. Thus the values determined by the
      sinking-technique are usually 1-3 mN/m higher than those determined by the
      sessile drop-technique.

PMID- 3380861
TI  - Comparative evaluation of two direct compression lactose grades for pyridoxine
      hydrochloride tablets.
AB  - Fast flow lactose (FFL) and anhydrous lactose (AHL) were comparatively
      investigated for the manufacture of pyridoxine hydrochloride tablets. The results
      showed that drug/FFL formulations possessed better performance. Harder tablets
      were, however, compressed from AHL blends. Linear relationships which correlate
      tablet physical properties to excipient concentration in a given formulation were
      established. Tablet batches formulated with FFL dissolved in shorter times und
      showed better stability characteristics on aging.

PMID- 3380862
TI  - [The effect of water-soluble macromolecular binders on the properties of
      fluidized bed dried granulates and tablets made from them].
AB  - In order to characterize physicochemical properties of binders rheological
      behaviour, wetting ability and film-formation tendency of the binder solutions
      were investigated. The results obtained were related to granule and tablet
      properties.

PMID- 3380864
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 14C-ambazone in rats.
AB  - In rats, the pharmacokinetics of 14C-ambazone after i.v. and oral administration
      was studied. The results demonstrate that the compound is incompletely absorbed
      from the gastrointestinal tract, penetrates rapidly and to a high degree into
      various tissues and is preferentially eliminated via the kidneys. After i.v.
      administration of 50 mg/kg b.m. disposition half-life in whole blood is about 6-7
      h. The extent of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is about 40%.

PMID- 3380863
TI  - Hydrotropic solubilization of nifedipine.
AB  - Nifedipine (1), a drug practically insoluble in water, has been solubilized
      employing sodium benzoate (2) and sodium salicylate (3) as hydrotropes. In 30%
      w/v 2 solution the solubility of 1 increased 85 and 76 fold at 25 +/- 1 degree C
      and at 37 +/- 1 degree C respectively. The corresponding increase in solubility
      of 1 in 30% w/v 3 solution was 135 and 107 fold respectively. To study the
      mechanism of hydrotropic solubilization of 1, the solution properties of 2 and 3
      over a concentration range of 1 to 30% w/v were undertaken. The probable
      mechanism involves a complexation type of interaction at a low concentration of
      hydrotrope, aggregation of the hydrotropic molecules and inclusion of 1 in these
      aggregates at high concentration; and structural changes in water caused by
      hydrotropes.

PMID- 3380865
TI  - Pharmacological survey of recombinant hirudin.
AB  - The pharmacological properties of a genetically engineered recombinant hirudin (r
      hirudin) were studied in animal experiments. r-Hirudin proved to be a well
      tolerated substance. I.v. injection of up to 200 mg/kg did not lead to
      perceptible functional or morphological changes. There were no treatment-related
      effects on the cardiovascular system of dogs and rats after administration of up
      to 10 mg/kg. After long-term treatment (4 weeks, 1.0 mg/kg daily), no r-hirudin
      related histopathological, haematological or biochemical changes could be found.
      Formation of antibodies was not detectable. Absorption, distribution, and
      elimination of r-hirudin were studied in dogs and rats. Pharmacokinetics could be
      best described by an open two-compartment model with first-order kinetics. After
      i.v. injection in dogs, r-hirudin is distributed into the extracellular space and
      eliminated through the kidneys in active form by glomerular filtration. After
      i.v. administration, a half-life of about 1 h was estimated; s.c. administration
      prolonged the apparent half-life. Pulmonary absorption was shown. Enteral
      absorption, placental transfer as well as transfer through the fetal integument
      were very low. r-Hirudin did not pass the blood-brain barrier. The efficacy of r
      hirudin in preventing both venous and arterial thrombosis, vascular shunt
      occlusion or disseminated intravascular coagulation was demonstrated in rats.
      Depending on the dose, r-hirudin was able to prevent or reduce stasis-induced
      venous thrombosis, prolong the patency of an extracorporeal arteriovenous shunt,
      reduce the incidence of arterial thrombosis caused by vascular wall lesions as
      well as of microthrombosis induced by thrombin infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380866
TI  - [Synthesis and thrombocyte-aggregating action of a structural analog of platelet
      activating factor with a modified head group].

PMID- 3380867
TI  - Reversed phase HPLC analysis of mecillinam and pivmecillinam in dosage form.

PMID- 3380868
TI  - The behaviour of thienotriazolodiazepine drugs in acidic medium. Kinetics of
      hydrolysis of brotizolam.

PMID- 3380869
TI  - In vitro evaluation of acid consuming capacity of artificial gastric juice for
      antacid tablets.

PMID- 3380870
TI  - [Improvement of the solubility of problem drugs. 17. Processing of iomeglamic
      acid/methylcellulose coprecipitates in tablets].

PMID- 3380871
TI  - [Improvement of the solubility of problem drugs. 18. Iomeglamic acid-PVA
      effervescent powder].

PMID- 3380872
TI  - The effect of vehicle on allantoin penetration into human skin from an ointment
      for improving scar elasticity.

PMID- 3380874
TI  - Dexamethasone antagonism by RU 38,486 in inflammatory reactions of the rat and
      mouse. Part 1: Degree of inflammation.

PMID- 3380873
TI  - Attempt to establish a correlation between the alkylation ability and antitumor
      activity of some bis(2-chloroethyl)aminoethyl esters of carboxylic acids.

PMID- 3380875
TI  - Cytotoxic and antitumoral activity of Calendula officinalis extracts.

PMID- 3380876
TI  - New biogenetically-significant constituents of Clausena anisata and Murraya
      koenigii.

PMID- 3380877
TI  - Comparative effects of inotropic agents on coronary and systemic hemodynamics of
      conscious dogs: actions of milrinone, dopamine, ouabain and MCI-154.
AB  - The hemodynamic actions of a new inotropic agent, MCI-154, were compared to
      dopamine, ouabain and milrinone in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. MCI
      154 and milrinone produced similar hemodynamic changes: increases in heart rate,
      diastolic coronary blood flow velocity and peak positive dP/dt. Neither agent had
      significant effects on arterial pressure while both drugs reduced left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure in a dose-related fashion and myocardial
      segment length, indicating a decrease in diastolic left-ventricular size. MCI-154
      was found to be approximately twice as potent as milrinone. In contrast, dopamine
      and ouabain produced little change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or
      myocardial segment length during diastole, while both drugs produced increases in
      arterial and left ventricular systolic pressures. An increase in left ventricular
      afterload was not observed with either MCI-154 or milrinone, highlighting an
      important advantage of the latter compounds.

PMID- 3380878
TI  - Contractility and pharmacological reactivity of isolated vascular smooth muscle
      from diabetic rats.
AB  - Conflicting reports exist about the effects of diabetes on vascular function. In
      the present study we investigated (1) the influences of diverse stages of
      diabetes on mechanical activity and pharmacological reactivity of portal vein and
      tail ventral artery isolated from male rats 7, 21 or 30 days after alloxan
      injection (150-180 mg/kg) and (2) the effects of in vitro or in vivo insulin
      treatment. Various parameters were used to assess the diabetic state (serum
      glucose levels, body weight, percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin and
      glucosuria). Isometric developed tension of portal vein from control rats was
      10.86 +/- 0.41 mN (n = 54), and was enhanced significantly in diabetics (+56% at
      21 days and +45% at 30 days; p less than 0.001 vs. controls). When challenged
      with noradrenaline, portal veins from diabetics exhibited a greater contractility
      and lower reactivity (as reflected by EC50 values). The magnitude of responses to
      KCl remained similar to those obtained in controls, but nonetheless the
      reactivity seems to be higher. Tail ventral artery from diabetics also exhibits a
      greater contractility in response to noradrenaline with no significant changes in
      EC50 values. The results demonstrate that diabetes affects mechanical performance
      of the vascular smooth muscle in a differential manner depending on the stage of
      the endocrinopathy and on the types of vessel studied. These modifications were
      not avoided by insulin treatment.

PMID- 3380879
TI  - Azelastine, a new antiallergic/antiasthmatic agent, inhibits PAF-acether-induced
      platelet aggregation, paw edema and bronchoconstriction.
AB  - Azelastine is a phthalazinone derivative with a wide spectrum of
      pharmacologically relevant activities. Since PAF-acether has been considered to
      be a potent mediator of asthma, azelastine was assayed for its ability to
      counteract PAF-acether-induced platelet aggregation, paw edema development and
      bronchoconstriction. Azelastine exerted a concentration-dependent inhibition of
      PAF-acether-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma with an
      IC50 of 87 mumol/l and was as effective as ketotifen. PAF-acether-induced paw
      edema was reduced by intraperitoneal administration of azelastine resulting in an
      ID50 of 14.4 mg/kg after 2 h. By contrast, ketotifen was not able to inhibit
      edema development up to a dose of 32 mg/kg i.p. Azelastine and ketotifen,
      administered intravenously, dose-dependently inhibited PAF-acether-induced
      bronchoconstriction, starting from the dose of 0.01 mg/kg and resulting in ID50s
      of 0.03 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. These results show that azelastine is
      endowed with a peculiar anti-PAF-acether action, which may be advantageous in its
      therapeutic use, in the treatment of asthma.

PMID- 3380880
TI  - Stability of chloramphenicol metabolites in human blood and liver as determined
      by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - The pathogenesis of aplastic anemia from chloramphenicol (CAP) remains uncertain.
      Recent observations suggest that metabolites of CAP generated by intestinal
      bacteria may play an important role in mediating hematotoxicity from the drug.
      Thus, it is possible that once in circulation and after passage through the
      liver, some CAP metabolites may gain access to the marrow causing hematotoxicity.
      Based on this possibility, we have studied the stability of CAP and the three
      cytotoxic analogues dehydrochloramphenicol (DH-CAP), nitrophenylaminopropanedione
      (NPAP) and nitroso-chloramphenicol (NO-CAP) in human blood and liver.
      Determination of these compounds was accomplished by using a high-performance
      liquid chromatography system uniquely suited for their separation and detection.
      Several methods for deproteinization were utilized in order to ensure a full
      quantitative extraction of the drugs. At zero time, a 100% recovery of CAP, DH
      CAP and NPAP was reached with acetonitrile (1 vol/3 vol); whereas NO-CAP was
      slightly or not detectable with all methods. Incubation of CAP and analogues with
      blood or liver at 37 degrees C for up to 30 min showed the following: CAP was
      stable in both tissues with full recovery; DH-CAP was stable for 5 min, then
      gradually decreased reaching 50 or 70% of the initial amount after 30 min of
      incubation with blood and liver, respectively; NPAP decreased at a faster rate
      than DH-CAP, and NO-CAP completely disappeared. The data suggest that if and when
      formed in the body, DH-CAP and NPAP may stay in the circulation long enough to
      reach the marrow and interact with its cellular components.

PMID- 3380881
TI  - Effect of inflammation on the metabolism of antipyrine, lidocaine and propranolol
      in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - A decrease of the hepatic intrinsic clearance could contribute to the increase of
      the plasma concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein-bound drugs such as
      propranolol in animals and humans with inflammation. Therefore, the influence of
      inflammation upon the metabolism of propranolol and another high clearance drug,
      lidocaine, and of the low clearance drug antipyrine, was studied in isolated rat
      hepatocytes. For comparative purposes, the influence of the enzyme inhibitor SKF
      525A (100 mg/kg i.p.) was also evaluated. Turpentine pretreatment of the rats
      significantly decreased the metabolism of the three drugs by the hepatocytes; the
      decrease was least pronounced for propranolol. The inhibitory effect of
      turpentine-induced inflammation was somewhat lower than that of SKF 525A. These
      results are in agreement with the results found for the same drugs in the 9,000-g
      supernatant fraction of the rat liver and point to a marked decrease of intrinsic
      clearance in some types of inflammation.

PMID- 3380882
TI  - Oxidative metabolites of 5-nitrofurans.
AB  - We synthesized the 4-hydroxy derivatives of nitrofurazone, furazolidone and
      nitrofurantoin. Then we dosed rats orally with these antibiotics and isolated the
      intensely yellow, polar metabolites from their urine. A comparison of the
      ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of these metabolites with the
      corresponding synthetic derivatives confirmed that the metabolites are 4
      hydroxynitrofurazone, 4-hydroxyfurazolidone and 4-hydroxynitrofurantoin.

PMID- 3380883
TI  - Determination of absorbed dose within an A150 plastic phantom for a d(13.5 MeV) +
      Be neutron source.
AB  - In the collimated beam of a d(13.35 MeV) + Be neutron source the total absorbed
      dose within an A150 plastic phantom was determined using three independent
      methods: the twin-detector method, measurements with a tissue-equivalent
      calorimeter and a Monte Carlo calculation of the spectral neutron fluence within
      the phantom. The front of the cubic phantom was positioned at a distance of 800
      mm from the neutron source. the absorbed dose data obtained by the three methods
      at phantom depths of 27 and 52 mm are consistent within their uncertainties.
      Between phantom depths of 10 and 60 mm a mean dose gradient of (1.61 +/- 0.02) Gy
      C-1 mm-1 has been derived.

PMID- 3380884
TI  - A new monitoring system for the thermal neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate
      in boron neutron capture therapy.
AB  - A new monitoring system for the thermal neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate
      is described for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). A small pn junction Si
      diode was used as a new detector which was mechanically stronger and had better
      stability than a surface barrier detector. The pulse height of signals due to
      thermal neutrons was sufficiently high and was separated from signals due to
      gamma rays. The radiation damage to the detectors which results in a reduction of
      the pulse height was found to be quite small. By using the detectors, the thermal
      neutron fluence rate and gamma dose rate, not only in the head but also in the
      body, were measured simultaneously during therapy, and the new system has been
      efficiently used for BNCT of brain tumours.

PMID- 3380885
TI  - Light dosimetry in optical phantoms and in tissues: I. Multiple flux and
      transport theory.
AB  - This is the first of two papers on the quantitative measurement of light energy
      fluence rates in optical phantoms and in tissues, in vitro and in vivo. The
      theory discussed in the present paper will be used in a forthcoming experimental
      paper to quantitatively check measurements of light energy fluence rates. A
      simple multiple flux model, which is equivalent to the diffusion approximation,
      is derived from the equation of transfer in a plane as well as in a spherical
      geometry. The equations obtained are similar to those of the Kubelka-Munk and
      related heuristic models. This permits conclusions regarding the limitations of
      these models and the values of their constants. The heuristic models are
      equivalent to diffusion theory for diffuse incident light, but not for collimated
      incident light. We also present a simple calculation of the radiance as a
      function of direction in the diffusion domain. This, together with the effective
      attenuation coefficient, permits indirect experimental determination of both the
      albedo and the anisotropy factor (g) of the scattering function. Similarity
      relations are discussed, as they result from the so called delta-Eddington
      approximation, leading to the conclusion that far from boundaries and sources
      light propagation characteristics do not change very much when g and omega s are
      varied, provided omega s (1-g) is kept constant (omega s = scattering
      coefficient). Therefore, only two optical constants are required to approximately
      describe light propagation in homogeneous and isotropic media in the diffusion
      approximation.

PMID- 3380886
TI  - The dielectric properties of rabbit tissue, pure water and various liquids
      suitable for tissue phantoms at 35 GHz.
AB  - Newly developed microwave apparatus was used to measure the complex permittivity
      of some rabbit tissues and water over the temperature range 20-37 degrees C.
      Various liquid mixtures which might be suitable as phantom tissue equivalents at
      35 GHz were also considered. Some of the measured tissue data were compared with
      previous lower frequency data and it was concluded that the observed behaviour
      was not anomalous.

PMID- 3380887
TI  - Dosimetric evaluation of 252Cf beam for use in radiobiology studies at Hiroshima
      University.

PMID- 3380888
TI  - Construction of nomograms with straight parallel lines.

PMID- 3380889
TI  - High levels of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen photoinduced furan-side monoadducts can
      block cross-link removal in normal human cells.

PMID- 3380890
TI  - Structure of 3-carbethoxypsoralen photolysis products.

PMID- 3380891
TI  - Some prevalent biomolecules as defenses against singlet oxygen damage.

PMID- 3380892
TI  - Photomodification of human erythrocytes: external heavy atom effect, selective
      permeability and properties of the anion permeation pathway.

PMID- 3380893
TI  - The photoactive antimicrobial properties of eudistomins from the Caribbean
      tunicate Eudistoma olivaceum.

PMID- 3380894
TI  - Longwave ultraviolet radiation (UVA)-induced alteration of epidermal DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 3380895
TI  - Correlation between endogenous glutathione content and sensitivity of cultured
      human skin cells to radiation at defined wavelengths in the solar ultraviolet
      range.

PMID- 3380896
TI  - Augmentation of ultraviolet erythema by indomethacin in actinic prurigo: evidence
      of mechanism of photosensitivity.

PMID- 3380897
TI  - Chemiluminescence and fluorescence of the europium ions-adenine nucleotides
      system and its possible biological significance.

PMID- 3380898
TI  - Photochemical-like behaviour of riboflavin in the dark promoted by enzyme
      generated triplet acetone.

PMID- 3380899
TI  - Some relationships between ultraviolet light and heme-protein-induced
      peroxidative lipid breakdown in liposomes, as reflected by fluorescence changes:
      the effect of negative surface charge.

PMID- 3380900
TI  - Mammography and breast implants.
AB  - Recent recommendations by the American Cancer Society have focused attention on
      the value of screening mammography in the detection of occult breast cancers.
      This has resulted in a proliferation of "walk in" and mobile mammography
      screening clinics and a barrage of publicity aimed at women aged 40 and over.
      Among these are more than a half million women who have had an augmentation
      mammaplasty; at least another half million are still under 40 but entering this
      age group incrementally. Opinion is divided as to the value of this procedure
      because of uncertainty as to the amount of breast tissue obscured by the implant.
      Calibrated planimetry was used to measure the area of the implant and the
      glandular portion of the breasts in six sets of mammograms. Utilizing solid
      geometric calculations, it was found that the percentage of glandular tissue
      obscured by the implant varied from 22 to 83 percent. This wide variation casts
      serious doubt on the reliability of routine film screen mammography in these
      patients.

PMID- 3380901
TI  - Pulse oximeter in the ambulatory aesthetic surgical facility.
AB  - One-hundred consecutive patients undergoing aesthetic surgical procedures with
      adjunctive intravenous sedation in an office-based ambulatory surgical facility
      were monitored by an anesthesiologist with an ECG, stethoscope, automatic
      sphygmomanometer, and pulse oximeter. The pulse oximeter detected hypoxemia
      occurring intraoperatively and in the recovery room earlier than the traditional
      methods of monitoring. By detecting early drops in the SAO2 with the pulse
      oximeter, appropriate corrective measures could be instituted and titration of
      intravenous anesthetics adjusted, avoiding progression to more profound hypoxemia
      and thus resulting in the safer delivery of anesthesia. The pulse oximeter is a
      useful and recommended adjunct to the traditional methods of monitoring in an
      office-based ambulatory surgical facility.

PMID- 3380902
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase: a histochemical identification of motor and sensory
      fascicles in human peripheral nerve and its use during operation.
AB  - To evaluate the precision of acetylcholinesterase histochemical identification of
      motor and sensory fascicles, this study presents a systematic observation of
      human peripheral nerves by Karnovsky and Roots' histochemical method. The results
      indicate that either of the enzymatic activities of myelinated and unmyelinated
      fibers was different between motor and sensory fascicles. Fifty-seven percent of
      the myelinated fibers showed enzymatic activity in the motor fascicles, while
      none of the myelinated fibers in the sensory fascicles showed enzymatic activity.
      The unmyelinated fibers showing enzymatic activity in the sensory fascicles were
      far denser than those in the motor fascicles. Our study demonstrated that the
      unmyelinated fibers were sympathetic postganglionic unmyelinated fibers. From
      these results it is concluded that the motor and sensory fascicles may be
      identified not only according to the enzymatic activities of the myelinated
      fibers, but also according to the enzymatic activities of the sympathetic
      postganglionic unmyelinated fibers. An improved histochemical method was
      suggested for its applicability as a method of intraoperative nerve fascicle
      identification. Simulated experiments were done on the radial nerves and the
      median nerves in human cadavers. This improved histochemical process can be
      completed within 50 minutes and can be used in intraoperative nerve fascicle
      identification.

PMID- 3380903
TI  - Determination of temporal changes in blood flow in vascularized and
      nonvascularized nerve grafts in the dog.
AB  - The time course of revascularization of nonvascularized and vascularized nerve
      grafts was followed histologically and quantitatively using microspheres in the
      saphenous nerve of dogs. Nonvascularized and vascularized nerve grafts were
      created in opposite hindlimbs of each dog. The intravascular presence of India
      ink was not observed until the third day postoperatively in the nonvascularized
      grafts, while it was demonstrated in vascularized grafts on the first
      postoperative day. Control blood flow in undisturbed nerves ranged from 0.06 to
      0.16 ml/min/gm dry weight. On postoperative day 1, flow was not detectable in any
      of the nonvascularized grafts, while vascularized grafts all had increased flow
      with a mean of 0.73 ml/min/gm dry weight. By day 3, two of six dogs had some
      measurable flow in the nonvascularized grafts, while flow in vascularized grafts
      had reached a mean of 1.88 ml/min/gm dry weight. By day 6, blood flow rate had
      increased to 7.63 and 4.72 ml/min/gm dry weight for nonvascularized and
      vascularized grafts, respectively. By this avoidance of up to 3 days of warm
      ischemia, there may be some advantage to vascularized nerve grafts even in a well
      vascularized bed.

PMID- 3380904
TI  - Simultaneous dislocation of all five carpometacarpal joints.
AB  - A case of unique combination of simultaneous dislocation of all five
      carpometacarpal joints is presented. The mechanism of injury in this case seems
      to be some manner of punching with a closed fist rather than direct violence.
      Satisfactory results were achieved using simple principles of manipulation under
      anesthesia, open reduction, and skeletal fixation, followed by intensive
      physiotherapy.

PMID- 3380905
TI  - Correction of the secondary nasal tip and of alar and/or columellar collapse.
AB  - The authors present their surgical technique for the correction of the secondary
      nasal tip with alar and/or columellar collapse. They employ a cartilage autograft
      in the form of an anchor or half an anchor which is taken from the auricular
      concha and is designed according to the requirements of the pathology to be
      corrected. In their experience, they have observed neither complications with the
      use of these grafts nor unacceptable scars in the columellar incision.

PMID- 3380906
TI  - Experience with polyurethane-covered silicone-gel implants.

PMID- 3380907
TI  - Z-plasty for the acute laceration.

PMID- 3380908
TI  - Statistical analysis and honesty in plastic surgical research.

PMID- 3380910
TI  - Research: a medical student's perspective.

PMID- 3380909
TI  - Associated head injury in patients with multiple trauma.

PMID- 3380911
TI  - Maxillomandibular fixation or interjaw fixation instead of intermaxillary
      fixation.

PMID- 3380912
TI  - Character.

PMID- 3380913
TI  - A clean technique for cadaver injection studies.

PMID- 3380914
TI  - A plea for a medical legal section in the Journal.

PMID- 3380915
TI  - Readaptation of the velopharyngeal valve following the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
      operation.
AB  - We have studied the mechanism of velopharyngeal valving in 27 patients undergoing
      uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgery.
      The patients were assessed by peroral examination and nasendoscopy. Our
      observations and findings of the readaptation process of the velopharyngeal valve
      following the operation show us that its different closure patterns are due to a
      variable anatomy. A certain compensatory mechanism is possible mainly in the
      circular pattern and the circular pattern with Passavant's ridge and sagittal
      patterns. Passavant's ridge is an anatomic variant rather than a compensatory
      mechanism. The muscularis uvulae is important mainly in nonphonetic activities of
      the velopharyngeal valve. This information is important for clinical purposes in
      order to better correct problems associated with velopharyngeal incompetence.

PMID- 3380917
TI  - Clinical cleft lip and palate research.

PMID- 3380918
TI  - Marketing and advertising: different or the same?

PMID- 3380916
TI  - Improved microradiography using holographic films.

PMID- 3380919
TI  - When is a flap tubed?

PMID- 3380920
TI  - Can stitches get wet?

PMID- 3380922
TI  - Idealism in plastic surgery.

PMID- 3380921
TI  - The effect of washing on wounds.

PMID- 3380923
TI  - Simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair: an experimental study in beagles.
AB  - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that simultaneous lip and palate
      repair results in more severe craniofacial growth aberrations than lip repair or
      palate repair performed separately. Seventy-six purebred beagles were divided
      into five groups. Two of these groups were controls (unoperated and unrepaired
      animals); the three remaining groups were experimental (in one group only the lip
      was repaired, in another only the palate was repaired, and in the last the lip
      and palate were repaired simultaneously). Cephalometric measurements were
      analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. In
      multivariate analysis, stepwise multiple regression and discrimination were
      applied to precisely assess the effects of the various surgical procedures. The
      results of this study indicate that simultaneous lip and palate repair results in
      more severe craniofacial growth aberrations than lip repair or palate repair
      performed separately.

PMID- 3380924
TI  - Involutional entropion: a simple and stable repair.
AB  - A simple technique for repair of involutional entropion is described. A 4 x 20 mm
      strip of cartilage is removed from the concha of the ear and placed in the lower
      lid, deep to the orbicularis muscle. Over the past 6 years, I have performed this
      procedure on 15 patients. Fourteen patients had an excellent result; one patient
      required a secondary lateral wedge resection. There have been no recurrences. The
      tarsal plate of the lower eyelid appears to soften and shrink with advancing age.
      As the tarsus shrinks, the lid becomes less rigid and the margin tends to roll
      inward. Creating a neotarsus out of ear cartilage provides a simple and stable
      repair for involutional entropion because it restores the structural rigidity of
      the lower lid. The operative procedure is technically simple. Its long-term
      effectiveness confirms the view, not widely held, that one primary cause of
      involutional entropion is a shrunken and atrophic tarsal plate.

PMID- 3380925
TI  - The superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the nose.
AB  - Thirty noses were examined macroscopically and histologically to determine the
      fibromuscular and aponeurotic layers. There are five soft-tissue components
      beneath the dermis: a superficial fatty panniculus, a fibromuscular layer, a deep
      fatty layer, a longitudinal fibrous sheet, and an interdomal ligament. The nose
      is covered by a nasal SMAS, which forms part of the SMAS of the face. The
      continuous fibromuscular layer interconnects the musculature through aponeuroses,
      thus distributing their forces. The alar muscles change the transnasal pressure
      of the nasal valve, affecting respiration. To preserve the integrity of the nasal
      soft-tissue layers, one may elevate the soft-tissue envelope beneath the nasal
      musculature.

PMID- 3380926
TI  - Tissue expansion in head and neck reconstruction.
AB  - The present study reviews our clinical experience with tissue expansion in head
      and neck reconstruction. The clinical series consists of 33 expansions performed
      in 29 patients between 1983 and 1986. The results of tissue expansion in the head
      and neck were distinguished by a high complication rate, necessitating some
      revision in the original treatment plan in 48 percent of patients. Despite this
      high incidence of complications, sufficient tissue was generated to successfully
      complete the planned reconstruction in 79 percent of patients. Specific
      complications were observed with particularly high frequency within distinct
      anatomic sites. The highest incidence of complications occurred in the cheek and
      neck (69 percent) and forehead (50 percent) regions. Complications in the eyelid
      region (33 percent) and scalp (17 percent) were less common. Implant exposure was
      the most frequently observed complication. Other sequelae noted in this series
      included intractable pain, infection, and bone resorption.

PMID- 3380927
TI  - Experimental pretransfer expansion of free-flap donor sites: I. Flap viability
      and expansion characteristics.
AB  - Expansion of cutaneous and myocutaneous free-flap donor sites prior to elevation
      is possible in the pig model. There is no significant difference in survival
      between control and expanded cutaneous buttock and myocutaneous latissimus dorsi
      flaps after elevation solely on their axial pedicles. Axial-pattern flap
      expansion appears to augment capillary blood flow. The maximum amount of
      expansion occurs directly over the center of the expander and decreases toward
      the periphery. There is virtually no expansion of skin adjacent to the expander.

PMID- 3380928
TI  - Unilateral reduction mammaplasty: sculpturing the breast from the undersurface.
AB  - Various traditional mammaplasty techniques have been suggested for unilateral
      breast reduction, and an inverted-T incision is still the most popular approach.
      However, unilaterally performed traditional techniques can rarely provide long
      lasting symmetry because the operated and the unoperated breasts react
      differently to aging, weight changes, and pregnancy. Considerable residual
      scarring, interference with clinical and mammographic evaluation, and limited
      versatility are all major drawbacks of traditional procedures. We have performed
      unilateral mammaplasties on 47 patients with various types of congenital and
      acquired asymmetries, reducing and sculpturing the breast from the undersurface
      by means of minimal incisions, always avoiding horizontal scarring in the
      inframammary crease. Through a vertical infra-areolar incision, the breast is
      completely detached from the underlying pectoralis fascia and hooked up, thus
      completely exposing the undersurface of the mammary cone. The breast can
      thereafter be reshaped according to the size and shape of the contralateral
      breast by means of a discoid resection and/or selective sectoral removal of
      excessive subcutaneous tissues; modifications of the basic discoid resection can
      increase anterior projection of the new breast mound and can change the
      inclination of the anteroposterior breast axis on the anterior chest wall both on
      the horizontal and vertical planes. The results show that if criteria for patient
      selection are carefully respected, the procedure can provide long-lasting
      symmetry with minimal residual scarring and fully preserve the breast anatomy,
      function, and vascularization.

PMID- 3380929
TI  - [Disorders of microcirculation in subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral
      hemorrhage].
AB  - The pathophysiological notions of hemodilution treatment of ischemic seizures
      with plasma expanders indicates the significance of microcirculation.
      Microcirculation disorders arise from the interrelations of hemodynamic,
      vascular, and hemorrheologic factors. It seems that hemodilution with
      hydroxyethyl starch reduces peripheral microcirculation disorders, thus
      inhibiting the development of cerebral edema. In the case of subarachnoid
      hemorrhage, the hemorrheologic factors deteriorate less severely when given
      antifibrinolytic treatment with Aprotinin. Simultaneous hemodilution with
      hydroxyethyl starch can counterbalance the already existing changes.

PMID- 3380930
TI  - [Psychosocial maladjustment and criminal responsibility--results of a catamnestic
      study].
AB  - The introduction in 1968 of the legal concept of Grave Abnormal into the penal
      code, Development of the Personality Amounting to a Disorder made possible
      criminal exculpation on the basis of psychosocial maldevelopment. Statistically
      established criteria for its application have hitherto been lacking. A corpus of
      276 offenders on probation under this legal provision has now been compared
      statistically with a control group homogeneous in respect of the significant
      parameters. It has been possible to arrive at differentiated syndromes which are
      well characterised by the corresponding criteria in the penal code.

PMID- 3380931
TI  - Another look at interrater agreement.

PMID- 3380932
TI  - A general framework for the statistical analysis of sequential dyadic interaction
      data.

PMID- 3380933
TI  - Transient excitatory responses to sustained stimulation of intramural nerves in
      isolated bovine lymphatic vessels.
AB  - Spontaneous isometric contractions were measured in 2 cm segments of bovine
      mesenteric lymphatics. Field stimulation at 4 Hz was applied for a 20 min period.
      This caused a threefold increase in contraction frequency initially but the
      response faded rapidly so that, within 6 min of the beginning of stimulation,
      contraction frequency had returned to a value which was not significantly
      different from control. In contrast to the effect on frequency 3H efflux from
      vessels pre-loaded with [3H]noradrenaline was maintained at a value significantly
      higher than control for the entire stimulation period. The fade in response to
      exogenous noradrenaline was similar to that seen with field stimulation but with
      a slightly slower time course. Vessels desensitized with noradrenaline showed a
      greatly diminished response to field stimulation but responded normally to other
      agonists. Increasing the extracellular KCl concentration to 18 mM also caused a
      threefold increase in contraction frequency but, unlike the response to
      noradrenaline and field stimulation, this was maintained for the 20 min period
      during which [K+]o was raised. The results suggest that the adrenoceptors on
      lymphatic smooth muscle exhibit very rapid homologous desensitization.

PMID- 3380934
TI  - Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors in skeletal muscle as influenced by
      environmental temperature and energy intake.
AB  - Young litter-mate pigs were kept at either 10 or 35 degrees C and fed either a
      high (H) or a low (L) food intake producing four groups: 10 H, 10 L, 35 H and 35
      L. The numbers of receptors for thyroid hormone in the nuclei of skeletal muscle
      were estimated and found to be greatest in the 35 H group and least in the 10 L
      group. The numbers of receptors in the 10 H and 35 L groups were similar and took
      intermediate values. It is suggested that the differences in receptor numbers
      represent an adaptation which regulates the tissue response to thyroid hormone.
      Some possible consequences of this adaptation are discussed.

PMID- 3380935
TI  - [3H]bumetanide binding and inhibition of Na+ + K+ + Cl- co-transport:
      demonstration of specificity by the use of MDCK cells deficient in co-transport
      activity.
AB  - Cultured renal MDCK cells possess a Na+ + K+ + Cl- co-transport system which is
      inhibited with high affinity by loop diuretics (K0.5 for bumetanide inhibition =
      0.28 microM). By the use of 'mutant' cell lines deficient in co-transport flux
      the specific interaction of [3H]bumetanide with the co-transporter has been
      identified. [3H]Bumetanide uptake in parental MDCK-N cells in the range 0-1
      microM comprises a non-saturable linear component, assessed by the inclusion of
      100 microM-unlabelled bumetanide and a saturable component (K0.5 = 0.19 microM
      and Bmax = 0.55 pmol/10(6) cells). Though the magnitude of the linear non
      specific component was little different between the parental MDCK-N cell line and
      two co-transport-deficient mutant cell lines (LKC1 and LKA3), the magnitude of
      the saturable component was markedly reduced in both co-transport-deficient
      mutants. In addition to the saturable component associated with flux inhibition a
      lower-affinity uptake displaceable by excess unlabelled bumetanide was evident in
      MDCK-N cells comprising 8 pmol/10(6) cells measured at 10 microM-[3H]bumetanide.
      This lower-affinity uptake was present in both co-transport-deficient mutant cell
      lines confirming its lack of association with inhibition of co-transport flux. In
      MDCK cells possessing the co-transporter, an estimate of the turnover number was
      made when co-transport flux and specific bumetanide uptake at 0.5 microM
      [3H]bumetanide were measured in the same cell batch. At 37 degrees C this was 113
      K+ ions site-1 s-1.

PMID- 3380936
TI  - Reactive hyperaemia in the human forearm.
AB  - Reactive hyperaemia in the human forearm has been studied following 5, 10 and 15
      min occlusion of the circulation using mercury-in-rubber strain gauges. Following
      5 min occlusion the initial high blood flows declined exponentially with a half
      life ranging from 14 to 45 s. After 10 and 15 min occlusion the flow pattern is
      represented by a plateau followed by an exponential of similar time course to the
      above. Flows did not decay totally along this exponential but deviated onto a
      second, slower exponential with half-lives ranging from 50 to 560 s. The
      hyperaemia represented by the area under the second exponential makes a greater
      contribution to the total flows in non-muscular tissues. It is suggested that
      this phase of the hyperaemia may be the result of tissue warming during the
      initial period of high flows.

PMID- 3380937
TI  - Magnesium absorption from the temporarily isolated rumen of sheep: no effect of
      hyper- or hypomagnesaemia.
AB  - The net absorption of magnesium from the temporarily isolated rumen of sheep was
      measured at different plasma magnesium concentrations. In the first series of
      experiments, the plasma magnesium concentration was raised from 0.89 +/- 0.11 to
      1.97 +/- 0.27 mmol l-1 by intravenous infusion of MgCl2 immediately before
      measurement of magnesium absorption. In a second series absorption of magnesium
      was studied over 20 h after the beginning of a continuous intravenous infusion of
      magnesium, which led to hypermagnesaemic levels of 2.78 +/- 0.59 mmol l-1. In the
      third series sheep were fed a magnesium-deficient diet which caused a significant
      decrease of plasma magnesium concentration from 0.96 +/- 0.06 to 0.50 +/- 0.06
      mmol l-1. Neither hyper- nor hypomagnesaemia changed net absorption of magnesium
      from the rumen of sheep. It is concluded that the active transport of magnesium
      from the rumen was not influenced by the plasma magnesium concentration and that
      any passive and paracellular movement of magnesium through the rumen wall must
      have been negligibly small under the conditions of these experiments.

PMID- 3380939
TI  - Photoperiod: an important regulator of plasma prolactin concentration in fetal
      lambs during late gestation.
AB  - Measurement of prolactin (PRL) at 120-140 days gestation in chronically
      cannulated fetal lambs and their mothers during hormonally-extended breeding
      seasons shows that photoperiod is a major determinant of PRL secretion in the
      fetal lamb as well as in its mother. About 80% of the variance between fetuses in
      plasma PRL concentration is associated with variation in ambient photoperiod. The
      magnitude of this effect far exceeds the range of previously reported diurnal or
      ontogenetic changes in PRL in the fetal lamb.

PMID- 3380938
TI  - Effect of external sodium substitution on potassium contractures of mammalian
      muscles: possible involvement of sarcolemma-bound calcium and Na+-Ca2+ exchange.
AB  - Isometric tension of K+ contractures, membrane potential, internal Na+ activity
      (alpha iNa) and intracellular pH (pHi) have been measured in vitro under
      conditions which modify sarcolemma-bound calcium and the activity of the Na+-Ca2+
      exchange of normal mammalian soleus muscle. In the absence of external Na+ and
      for a given high external K+, the maximum amplitude of the contracture was
      increased (Na+ replaced by TEA+) or decreased (Na+ replaced by Li+ or Cs+)
      compared with that obtained in the presence of Na+. Replacement of external Na+
      by another monovalent cation (TEA+) did not induce any change of pHi. However the
      concomitant decrease of alpha iNa was related to a Na+-Ca2+ exchange across the
      sarcolemmal membrane. The data suggest that in soleus muscle, a sarcolemmal
      calcium pool is involved during the development of K+ contractures.

PMID- 3380940
TI  - Prolonged pressor responses to intravenously injected vasopressin in
      anaesthetized Brattleboro rats.
AB  - Randomized intravenous injections of arginine vasopressin, 0.02 to 0.62
      micrograms/kg, administered to anaesthetized Brattleboro rats genetically lacking
      vasopressin, produced significantly greater, prolonged dose-dependent pressor
      responses than those produced in normal animals of the parent Long-Evans strain.
      Dose-related decreases in cardiac output were transient in both groups of animals
      but were greater in Brattleboro rats. It is concluded that the enhanced pressor
      effects in these animals were associated with greater and prolonged increases in
      the total peripheral resistance.

PMID- 3380941
TI  - Fundamental physics of magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - Although similar to computerized tomography, in that cross-sectional images are
      produced, the physical principles underlying magnetic resonance are entirely
      different. The MRI process, as commonly implemented, involves the excitation of
      hydrogen nuclei and the analysis of how these nuclei recover to the original
      equilibrium steady states that they had prior to excitation. This article
      discusses that process, that is, preparatory alignment, RF excitation, relaxation
      and signal measurement, and spatial localization.

PMID- 3380942
TI  - Imaging in neuroradiology, Part I.

PMID- 3380943
TI  - Artifacts and diagnostic pitfalls on magnetic resonance imaging: a clinical
      review.
AB  - High field MRI of the brain occasionally exhibits imaging artifacts; most
      artifacts are obvious and easily recognized, but some are subtle and mimic
      disease. A thorough understanding of brain MRI artifacts is important to avoid
      potential diagnostic pitfalls. Some imaging techniques or procedures could be
      utilized to remove or identify artifacts. These include additional projections,
      different pulse sequence, and 90 degree shift of phase-encoding gradient. The use
      of respiratory gating or cardiac gating may also improve image quality by
      reducing some of the motion-related artifacts.

PMID- 3380944
TI  - Clinical and experimental sodium magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - In conclusion, sodium MR imaging has potential for providing physiologic
      information relevant to cell mitosis, cell energy state, rCBV, and seizures.
      Considerable technical and experimental development is necessary, however, before
      sodium MRI becomes a routine examination in the clinical setting.

PMID- 3380945
TI  - [Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Early diagnosis as an indication for preventive
      hormone therapy].
AB  - Idiopathic osteoporosis mainly affects postmenopausal women. The normal
      trabecular volume of the lumbar vertebrae in a sample of healthy perimenopausal
      women was established by monoenergetic computed tomography. Early diagnosis of
      diminished bone mass is crucial for the identification of women at risk for
      involuntary osteoporosis following climacteric estrogen depletion. Body weight,
      endogenous levels of sex steroids, renal calcium and hydroxyproline excretions
      are not related to individual bone mass in the lumbar spine.

PMID- 3380946
TI  - [Mineral content of the spongiosa of the lumbar spine determined by computer
      tomography. Normal values for healthy perimenopausal women and their relation to
      mechanical stress of the vertebral column].
AB  - Healthy perimenopausal women (152) were examined by QCT to quantify the mineral
      content of the axial skeleton. The density was measured in the spongiosa of the
      L2-4, using single energy technique and the Cann-Genant calibration phantom. The
      women, aged 37 to 64, had no history of pathological fractures, ovariectomy,
      metabolic disease, or hormone therapy. The age-related mean values were 25 mg
      K2HP04/cm3 lower than the normal values reported by Genant et al. for 203 healthy
      American women. The 95% confidence interval was distinctly narrower (+/- 40
      mg/cm3) than the American confidence interval (+/- 60 mg/cm3). To evaluate the
      relationship of the BMC to mechanical stress, the BMC was compared with body
      weight, body mass index (weight/height2), and the lumbar muscle mass estimated
      from cross sections of the paravertebral muscles in the CT images. The assumption
      that higher mechanical stress results in higher bone mineralization could not be
      confirmed.

PMID- 3380947
TI  - [Pulmonary fibrosis? Alveolar proteinosis].

PMID- 3380948
TI  - Selective transcervical fallopian tube catheterization: technique update.
AB  - A technique of transcervical fallopian tube catheterization involving use of a
      new vacuum hysterograph and coaxial catheter set is described. In 25 women,
      selective catheterization of the uterine cornua was accomplished with a 94%
      success rate. Ostial salpingography permitted visualization of 26% of the 46
      tubes found to be obstructed or poorly visualized with conventional
      hysterosalpingography. Recanalization was successful in 96% of 28 proximal tubal
      obstructions and in 33% of six midisthmic obstructions unrelated to surgery.
      Recanalization attempts resulted in tubal perforations without apparent clinical
      effects in four tubes, one with proximal and three with midisthmic postsurgical
      obstructions. The new hysterograph with coaxial catheter set is more suitable for
      recanalization of the obstructed fallopian tubes than is the previously used
      balloon catheter set.

PMID- 3380949
TI  - Lower-extremity venous thrombosis: comparison of venography, impedance
      plethysmography, and intravenous manometry.
AB  - This study was undertaken to compare impedance plethysmography with lower
      extremity venography and venous manometry in the diagnosis of acute deep venous
      thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity. Ninety-six extremities were studied. In
      this population, in which the prevalence of acute DVT was 43.8%, plethysmography
      had a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 72.0%. The predictive value of
      abnormal findings at plethysmography was 70.2%, and the predictive value of
      normal findings at plethysmography was 87.8%. Venous manometry was performed
      successfully in 89 extremities. A statistically significant difference was shown
      in the mean intravenous pressure between patients with and without acute DVT.
      However, there was considerable overlap between the two populations, limiting the
      predictive value of impedance plethysmography in any given patient.

PMID- 3380950
TI  - Spermatic vein embolization with hot contrast material: fertility results.
AB  - Spermatic venography with hot contrast material embolization was undertaken in 81
      patients with varicoceles and infertility. Long-term follow-up information was
      available in 91% of the patients, and there was an overall conception rate of
      40.5%. Embolization with hot contrast material was easily performed without
      special embolization devices and proved to be a safe and effective technique.

PMID- 3380952
TI  - Complex infantile and congenital hip dislocation: assessment with MR imaging.
AB  - Twenty-five magnetic resonance hip studies were performed on 19 infants with
      congenital hip dislocation. These patients had a poor initial treatment response,
      a teratologic dislocation, or a late presentation. Detailed images of single hips
      obtained with small surface coils resulted in excellent visualization of all the
      clinically important soft-tissue and cartilaginous structures of the hip. No
      other imaging modality demonstrates all of these structures simultaneously.

PMID- 3380951
TI  - Spinning top urethra: not a normal variant.
AB  - Spinning top urethra (STU) is a term used to describe a widened posterior urethra
      seen mainly in girls. It is commonly regarded as a normal variant. The authors
      studied 30 girls with STU using videourodynamics. Twenty-eight showed bladder
      instability; 21, a congenital wide bladder neck anomaly; and 20, both instability
      and a wide bladder neck. One patient had a sensitive bladder. All patients had a
      urodynamic abnormality. The authors believe that the STU is nearly always an
      indication of bladder instability or wide bladder neck anomaly. The most common
      mechanism for the dilatation of the posterior urethra is that unstable
      contractions are resisted by a voluntary increase in distal sphincter tension so
      as to prevent leakage of urine. The resulting pressure rise produces distention
      of the posterior urethra, which will be maximal in subjects with a weak bladder
      neck mechanism as in the congenital wide bladder neck anomaly. The authors
      believe that STU is seldom if ever a normal variant.

PMID- 3380953
TI  - Congenital anorectal anomalies: MR imaging.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with anorectal anomalies were evaluated with magnetic
      resonance (MR) imaging. In seven preoperative patients, MR imaging demonstrated
      the level of atresia correctly by showing the rectal pouch and sphincter muscles.
      The exact location and development of the sphincter muscles were estimated and
      associated anomalies involving the kidneys and the spine and its contents were
      evaluated. In 14 postoperative patients, the location of the pulled-through
      intestine was examined in relation to the sphincter muscles. MR imaging
      demonstrated operative complications affecting rectal continence--such as a
      misplaced neorectum, inadvertently pulled-through mesenteric fat, and an
      implantation mucous retention cyst--and provided objective data for individuals
      with persistent incontinence after surgery who were under consideration for
      repeat surgery. The authors recommend MR imaging in all patients being considered
      for repeat procedures and in any patient without prior surgery who is suspected
      of having a high anomaly; any degree of sacral agenesis; or spinal, genito
      urinary tract, or cloacal anomalies.

PMID- 3380954
TI  - Radiation dose to small infants from single-photon absorptiometry.
AB  - The radiation dose to the patient resulting from single-photon absorptiometry
      (SPA), now a widely used method for measuring bone mineral content (BMC) in vivo
      in infants and children, was evaluated. Lithium fluoride chips were placed on a
      phantom with a BMC in the small infant range (60 and 145 mg/cm). Measurement
      procedures mimicked the actual clinical sequence. The radiation exposure for a
      single BMC measurement is 46-70 mrad (460-700 microGy) to the forearm surface and
      25-38 mrad (250-380 microGy) and 125-190 mrad (1,250-1,900 microGy) to the bone
      marrow and the bone, respectively. When eight repeated measurements are performed
      over a 1-year period, the radiation dose is about 368-560 mrad (3,680-5,600
      microGy) to the forearm surface and 200-305 mrad (2,000-3,050 microGy) and 1,000
      1,525 mrad (10.0-15.25 mGy) to the bone marrow and the bone, respectively. Even
      though the radiation dose is small, this method should be used only in well
      designed clinical studies.

PMID- 3380955
TI  - CT in the preoperative assessment of the mandible and maxilla for endosseous
      implant surgery. Work in progress.
AB  - A new computer software program that generates panoramic and oblique computed
      tomography scans was used to examine 205 patients who were being considered for
      endosseous dental implants in the mandibular or maxillary arches. This technique
      allowed recognition of the course of the inferior alveolar nerve canal and
      measurement of the alveolar ridge, which facilitated the design and placement of
      an optimal dental prosthesis.

PMID- 3380956
TI  - Intraparenchymal brain metastases: MR imaging versus contrast-enhanced CT.
AB  - Prospective and retrospective studies of 75 patients were performed to assess the
      sensitivities of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) in
      the evaluation of suspected intraparenchymal brain metastases. The findings on MR
      images were equivalent to those on CT scans in 49 of the 75 patients; the
      remaining findings were discordant in 26 patients, and neither MR imaging nor CT
      was consistently superior. MR imaging demonstrated more metastases in nine of
      these 26 patients. However, contrast material-enhanced CT scans were superior in
      lesion depiction in eight of the 26 patients. Large enhanced lesions that were
      nearly isointense on MR images were seen well on CT scans. In several cases in
      which results were discordant, gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
      (DTPA)-enhanced MR images were obtained, and this agent behaved similarly to
      iodinated contrast agents. If indicated clinically, such as before surgery for a
      single metastasis, the authors perform both MR imaging and contrast-enhanced CT.
      Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging may prove to be the method of choice for depiction of
      intraparenchymal metastases.

PMID- 3380957
TI  - Wallerian degeneration: evaluation with MR imaging.
AB  - Twenty-three patients who underwent routine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of
      the brain were found to have signal or structural abnormalities corresponding to
      white matter tracts. Images were evaluated for anatomic and MR signal
      characteristics of the involved tract, associated primary lesions, and, when
      possible, changes in MR signal and anatomic structures with time. Images from 20
      patients demonstrated a thin band of abnormal signal contiguous with the primary
      lesion and conforming to the known anatomic pathway of a white matter tract.
      Cerebral infarction was the most common associated primary disorder (n = 17).
      Neoplasms (n = 2), demyelinating (n = 1) and posthemorrhagic (n = 2) conditions,
      and an idiopathic movement disorder (n = 1) were associated with white matter
      tract signal abnormalities that were indistinguishable from those seen with
      infarction. Signal abnormality corresponding to the corticospinal tract was the
      type most commonly seen. No change in signal characteristics was seen with time
      (six cases) or following contrast material administration (two cases). The
      authors conclude that MR imaging provides a sensitive method of evaluating
      wallerian degeneration in the living human brain.

PMID- 3380958
TI  - Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia following severe ischemic-anoxic insults
      in children.
AB  - Increased iron deposition is described in four children following severe ischemic
      anoxic insult and subsequent resuscitation. All cases demonstrated on T2-weighted
      magnetic resonance images areas of hypointensity in the basal ganglia, thalami,
      and white matter that were attributed to iron deposition. Associated areas of
      hyperintensity were also seen in the periventricular and subcortical white
      matter, and these were attributed to gliosis. In one case calcium deposition was
      also present within the areas of hypointensity. These findings suggest that after
      anoxic-ischemic damage, normal axonal transportation of brain iron can no longer
      occur. This may lead to increased accumulation of iron centrally at the sites of
      iron uptake in the basal ganglia and in the white matter. Additional iron
      deposition may occur more rapidly due to direct injury by lipid peroxidation
      degradation products catalyzed by iron.

PMID- 3380959
TI  - Mapping of local cerebral blood flow with stable xenon-enhanced CT and the curve
      fitting method of analysis.
AB  - A noninvasive method is described for estimating local cerebral blood flow (LCBF)
      and local partition coefficients by means of computed tomographic scanning during
      inhalation of 30% stable xenon gas in oxygen. Time-dependent xenon concentrations
      in arterial blood and brain tissue during the wash-in and washout phases are used
      to calculate partition coefficients and LCBF values by means of a least-squares
      curve-fitting analysis. Control values for partition coefficient and LCBF
      obtained from control subjects with minor head trauma in the chronic stage were
      compatible with those in several past reports, and reproducibility was
      satisfactory. The theoretic grounds underlying this new method of curve-fitting
      analysis are discussed.

PMID- 3380960
TI  - Hemochromatosis of the pituitary gland: MR imaging.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland in a patient with secondary
      hemochromatosis is described. On T1-weighted images, the anterior lobe had almost
      no signal intensity, and only the high-signal posterior lobe was seen. These
      findings are compatible with the distribution of iron deposition and clinical
      symptoms in hemochromatosis.

PMID- 3380961
TI  - Balance between creativity and anatomic correlation in image interpretation.

PMID- 3380962
TI  - Pylon fractures of the ankle: a distinct clinical and radiologic entity.
AB  - Pylon fractures are a distinct clinical and radiologic entity that should not be
      confused with trimalleolar fractures. Radiographic and clinical comparison of 20
      surgically documented pylon and ten trimalleolar fractures revealed four major
      features of pylon fractures distinguishing them from trimalleolar fractures: (a)
      the presence of profound distal-tibial comminution, (b) intra-articular extension
      of tibial fractures through the dome of the plafond, (c) the presence of a
      fractured talus, and (d) anatomic relationship of the lateral malleolus to the
      talus at the level of the ankle mortise. With use of clinical history in addition
      to plain radiography, pluridirectional tomography, and computed tomography, these
      two fractures can be clearly separated. This distinction carries important
      surgical and prognostic implications.

PMID- 3380963
TI  - Bone mineral measurement: automated determination of midvertebral CT section.
AB  - The selection of the computed tomographic (CT) section can introduce errors in
      reproducibility of several percent for bone mineral measurements. An algorithm
      for automated determination of the midvertebral CT section from survey
      radiographs was developed; it is based on ridge-line tracking of the vertebral
      end plates. The midvertebral section is defined by all points with equal
      perpendicular distance to the regression lines fitted through these end-plate
      contours. The algorithm can be corrected by manual interaction in case of
      failure. It was tested on T-12 to L-4 vertebrae on 25 randomly selected localizer
      radiographs. Of the 250 endplate contours, 223 (89.2%) were tracked
      automatically; the remaining 27 (10.8%) required user interaction for successful
      completion.

PMID- 3380964
TI  - Bone mineral assessment: new dual-energy CT approach.
AB  - Most clinical quantitative computed tomographic (CT) determinations of bone
      mineral content are hampered by inability to properly account for the various
      substances contained within the spongiosa (spongy bone). In general, the presence
      of adipose tissue lowers the CT numbers (Hounsfield units) and leads to
      underestimation of bone mineral content. Collagen matrix has the opposite effect.
      A new approach to obtaining data from postreconstruction dual-energy CT scans
      accounts for five principal constituents of the spongiosa. In addition to bone
      mineral values, the method also provides the adipose tissue concentration,
      calcium content, and density of the total trabecular space. Since calcium values
      are provided, the measurements can be compared with prereconstruction dual-energy
      data that are acquired simultaneously. A new solid-plastic calibration phantom
      was utilized in this study, and data were obtained from 26 subjects. Dual-energy
      data were correlated with single-energy measurements (r greater than .96), and
      calcium measurements were correlated with the bone mineral determinations (r =
      .97) in these 26 cases. All measurements of the various vertebral constituents
      agreed with published values.

PMID- 3380965
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of mass casualty victims: lessons from the Gander,
      Newfoundland, accident.
AB  - This study describes the use of radiologic methods in the identification of 256
      bodies after the crash of an airliner in Gander, Newfoundland. Two hundred thirty
      one (90%) of the victims were identified positively with dental and/or
      fingerprint comparisons. Radiologic data confirmed identification in 29 of these
      victims. Seventeen bodies without dental or fingerprint identification were
      presumptively identified with a variety of data, which included radiologic
      characteristics in four cases. Eight bodies were identified with an exclusion
      matrix. Radiologic input was critical in two of these. The procedures described
      provide practical information for radiologists in a mass casualty disaster
      investigation.

PMID- 3380966
TI  - In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in suspected orthopedic prosthesis
      infection: comparison with other imaging modalities.
AB  - When infection of prosthetic orthopedic implants is suspected, optimal management
      requires accurate confirmation or exclusion of infection. The authors
      retrospectively studied 98 patients with possible infection who underwent
      scanning with indium-111-labeled white blood cells (WBCs) and subsequently
      underwent surgery within 14 days. At surgery, 50 patients had infections, as
      determined by means of culture or histologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of
      In-111 scanning was compared with that of plain radiography, arthrography, three
      phase bone scanning, and various clinical and laboratory findings classically
      associated with infection. Positive findings on In-111 WBC scans and elevated
      erythrocyte sedimentation rates were found to be the most predictive variables in
      the diagnosis of septic prostheses (P less than or equal to .001 and P less than
      or equal to .002, respectively). Likelihood ratio analysis more clearly
      demonstrated the superiority of In-111 WBC scanning, with positive and negative
      scans yielding likelihood ratios of 5.0 and 0.16, respectively.

PMID- 3380967
TI  - Absorbed dose to the fetus during bone scintigraphy.
AB  - The authors observed the uptake of radiopharmaceutical and calculated absorbed
      dose in fetuses of two patients who underwent bone scintigraphy with technetium
      99m methylene diphosphonate. Dose estimates per administered activity were 17
      mrad/mCi (4.6 microGy/MBq) for an 8-week-old fetus and 9.7 mrad/mCi (2.6
      microGy/MBq) for an 18-week-old fetus. Neither fetus demonstrated radionuclide
      uptake above maternal background levels. The uterine activity showed rapid
      clearance, with an effective half-life of 12 minutes after reaching a maximum
      within 1 minute after injection. Major contribution to fetal dose comes from the
      presence of the radionuclide in the maternal bladder. The authors conclude that
      bone scintigraphy performed unknowingly in pregnant individuals presents
      negligible increased risk to the fetus.

PMID- 3380968
TI  - MR imaging of laser-tissue interactions.
AB  - A new application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to map the spatial and
      temporal distribution of the effects of Nd:YAG lasers on tissues was studied. The
      temperature dependence of MR relaxation mechanisms and the high sensitivity of MR
      to changes in the mobility and distribution of tissue water make it particularly
      suitable for the demonstration and control of thermal energy deposition in
      tissues. In heterogeneous tissues, MR imaging does not follow changing
      temperatures directly because even in the case of reversible thermal
      interactions, there is a hysteresis in the dynamic relationship between MR signal
      intensity and temperature. Appropriate matching of the laser and MR pulse
      sequences can, however, optimize the detection of relatively small laser energy
      deposition, and reversible and irreversible tissue changes can be distinguished.
      There is a potential for the integration of MR imaging and lasers for three
      dimensional control and monitoring of laser-tissue interactions.

PMID- 3380969
TI  - Mullerian duct cyst: diagnosis with MR imaging.
AB  - The value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in diagnosing clinically suspected
      mullerian duct cysts was assessed in six patients. MR imaging correctly
      demonstrated the abnormality to be intraprostatic, consistent with the diagnosis
      of mullerian duct cysts in four patients, and allowed the diagnosis to be
      excluded in the other two. The demonstration of prostatic zonal anatomy, the
      ability to obtain direct images in all three orthogonal planes, and a large field
      of view make MR imaging valuable in the study of suspected mullerian duct cysts.

PMID- 3380970
TI  - Practical and technical considerations in establishing an intraoperative
      radiation therapy program in the community practice.
AB  - The Radiation Oncology Center in Sacramento, California, has developed a
      procedure for establishing an intraoperative radiation therapy facility in a
      community practice. The logistics pertaining to personnel, equipment, physical
      measurements, and quality assurance are presented. Particular emphasis is given
      to the most effective means of acquiring the large quantity of data needed to
      ensure a program of acceptable quality.

PMID- 3380971
TI  - Effect of MR imaging on spleen colony formation following gamma irradiation.
AB  - This article describes experiments performed to examine the possible effect of
      interaction between ionizing radiation and magnetic resonance (MR) on damage to
      normal tissue. Eight-week-old ICR male mice were irradiated (cobalt-60 radiation)
      with 5, 6, or 7 Gy given either alone or followed by MR imaging. Other groups
      received fractionated doses of 6 Gy (3 Gy + 3 Gy) or 7 Gy (3 Gy + 4 Gy) either
      with or without subsequent MR imaging. Ten days after exposure, spleens were
      assayed for endogenous spleen colonies. The number of spleen colonies was lower
      at higher radiation doses, and fractionation of the dose resulted in an increase
      in colony number compared with a comparable dose in a single exposure. No
      difference was seen, however, between comparable radiation groups that were or
      were not subjected to MR imaging. In addition to the spleen colony assay, body
      weights and wet weights for spleen, thymus, and testes were obtained, since these
      suffer weight loss in proportion to radiation dose. As with the spleen colony
      assay, no significant effect of MR imaging was observed. These results indicate
      that for the normal tissues studied, MR imaging neither increases radiation
      damage nor inhibits repair between fractions.

PMID- 3380972
TI  - Determinants of acquisition of MR imaging units in an era of prospective payment.
AB  - A survey was undertaken to examine the impact of Medicare's Prospective Payment
      System (PPS) and other recent changes in the health care environment on
      providers' decisions regarding acquisition of high-cost technologic equipment.
      The survey group included 199 hospitals and freestanding imaging centers known to
      have acquired magnetic resonance (MR) imaging units, as well as a random sample
      of 400 hospitals whose acquisition decisions were unknown to the authors. Fifty
      eight percent of the known adopters and 61% of the randomly selected hospitals
      responded to the survey. Nonadopters' decisions were dominated by economic
      considerations, including the high cost of MR imagers and concerns about
      Medicare's reimbursement policies. Competition and a desire to provide the
      highest quality of care are counterbalancing the retardant effects of PPS,
      however, and are stimulating widespread diffusion of MR imagers.

PMID- 3380973
TI  - Directional needle for antegrade guide wire placement with vertical arterial
      puncture.
AB  - A directional needle with a closed pencil-point tip and a distal side hole was
      developed to permit antegrade guide wire placement by way of a 90 degrees
      puncture angle. It has been used in over 25 patients without technical
      difficulties or complications. It has been very effective for catheterization of
      the superficial femoral artery for angioplasty, diagnostic studies, and
      chemotherapy infusion, providing easy antegrade access in patients in whom the
      traditional antegrade approach may be difficult.

PMID- 3380974
TI  - Mammography in the diagnosis of in situ breast carcinoma.

PMID- 3380975
TI  - Osmolality and ionicity: confusion in terminology applied to contrast media.

PMID- 3380976
TI  - MR imaging findings in the posterior pituitary gland.

PMID- 3380977
TI  - Hepatic metastasis detection: comparison of three CT contrast enhancement
      methods.

PMID- 3380978
TI  - Musculoskeletal infection of the extremities: evaluation with MR imaging.

PMID- 3380979
TI  - Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy: evaluation of the blood patch technique.

PMID- 3380980
TI  - Diverticular disease: imaging with post-double-contrast sigmoid flush.
AB  - In a prospective study, the effect of infusion of a low-density contrast material
      was evaluated as an adjunct to high-density, double-contrast imaging of the
      sigmoid colon. After double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) study, 52 consecutive
      patients with sigmoid diverticulosis received an additional 500-750-mL enema
      either with water or a 1.5% barium suspension for computed tomography.
      Rectosigmoid radiographs were evaluated for luminal distention, visualization of
      the interhaustral space, definition of diverticula, and interpretation of
      polypoid defects. While double-contrast views were excellent in 21% of patients,
      improvement in multiple factors by water or 1.5% barium flush resulted in
      improved sigmoid images in 65% and 75% of patients, respectively. Polyps were
      confirmed and artifactual defects confidently excluded. Sigmoid flush,
      particularly with low-density barium, is a simple adjunct to DCBE study that
      improves visualization of the diverticular sigmoid and increases interpretive
      confidence.

PMID- 3380981
TI  - Duodenal perforation during intubation for small bowel enema study.
AB  - Use of the small bowel enema examination (enteroclysis) is increasing, and
      numerous reports have attested to its value, but virtually no complications have
      been reported. The author describes a 72-year-old man undergoing enteroclysis for
      weakness, anemia, and guaiac-positive stools in whom the duodenum was perforated
      during intubation. Radiologists should be aware of this potential complication,
      and inexperienced people should be supervised carefully during the procedure.

PMID- 3380982
TI  - Liver and abdominal screening in patients with cancer: CT versus MR imaging.
AB  - A prospective multiinstitutional study was performed to compare the ability of
      dynamic sequential contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT), delayed
      contrast material-enhanced CT, and two T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR)
      sequences (spin echo and inversion recovery) to demonstrate metastatic disease in
      the liver and abdomen in patients with cancer. All four techniques had comparable
      rates of hepatic lesion detection when compared individually or when the combined
      CT techniques were compared with the combined MR techniques. The sensitivity to
      hepatic disease was 96% (27 of 28 patients) for the combined MR techniques versus
      93% (26 of 28 patients) for the combined CT techniques. However, CT was
      statistically superior in the detection of extrahepatic disease, with significant
      extrahepatic findings demonstrated by CT in only 12 of 59 patients (20%). For
      this reason, the authors continue to recommend CT in the initial screening of
      patients with cancer for upper abdominal metastatic disease.

PMID- 3380983
TI  - Impact of low-cost mammography screening on nearby mammography practices.
AB  - Data derived from the first 30 months of operation of a low-cost mammography
      screening program demonstrate the impact of the introduction of low-cost
      screening on nearby mammography practices. Low-cost screening attracts a very
      different group of women than traditionally populate existing practices, and 93%
      represent "new business" rather than established mammography patients seeking
      examination at a lower price. Although low-cost screening does divert some women
      away from more expensive nearby practices, it also generates an approximately
      equal number of breast imaging cases for these neighbor practices, including
      problem-solving examinations to further evaluate screening-detected abnormalities
      and subsequent screening examinations for women who prefer more full-featured
      albeit costlier screening. Finally, a survey of nearby practices indicates that
      the introduction of low-cost screening had no measurable impact on the steadily
      increasing mammography case loads observed during the study period. Low-cost
      screening does not appear to be much of an economic threat to existing
      mammography practices, at least under the conditions in effect in the study area.
      It can indeed coexist successfully with traditional mammography practices that
      make no distinction in features and price between screening and problem-solving
      examinations.

PMID- 3380984
TI  - Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: mammographic features.
AB  - Lobular carcinoma in situ (lobular neoplasia; LCIS) of the breast is most
      commonly an incidental microscopic finding in breast tissue removed for some
      other reason. The authors reviewed the clinical and mammographic features and
      surgical findings in 26 cases of LCIS not associated with other breast
      abnormalities. In 16 instances, needle localization was performed before removal
      of the tissue, which yielded LCIS on histologic examination. Calcifications were
      the most common reason for biopsy, although there were no distinctive
      mammographic features of LCIS.

PMID- 3380985
TI  - Hydrostatic versus increased permeability pulmonary edema: diagnosis based on
      radiographic criteria in critically ill patients.
AB  - To evaluate radiographic criteria recently proposed for determining causes of
      pulmonary edema, the authors studied 45 patients with severe pulmonary edema.
      Hydrostatic and increased permeability edemas were distinguished by means of the
      ratio of pulmonary edema fluid protein to plasma protein concentration and
      clinical and hemodynamic data. Chest radiographs were classified as showing
      hydrostatic, increased permeability, or mixed edema by three independent readers
      without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. Overall, 87% of patients with
      hydrostatic edema but only 60% of patients with increased permeability edema were
      correctly identified. A patchy, peripheral distribution of edema was the single
      most discriminating criterion and was relatively specific for increased
      permeability edema, occurring in 13% of patients with hydrostatic and 50% with
      increased permeability edema (P less than .05). Some features considered more
      typical of hydrostatic edema were commonly found in patients with increased
      permeability, including a widened vascular pedicle (56%), pleural effusions
      (36%), peribronchial cuffs (72%), and septal lines (40%). The authors conclude
      that chest radiography is limited in the differentiation of type of pulmonary
      edema in severe cases.

PMID- 3380986
TI  - Effective separation of normal, acutely ischemic, and reperfused myocardium with
      P-31 MR spectroscopy.
AB  - The ability of phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy to accurately
      characterize myocardium as normal, ischemic, or reperfused but viable was
      examined in the canine model of acute coronary artery occlusion. P-31 MR
      measurements of in vivo myocardial pH, phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate,
      and inorganic phosphate levels were made at baseline and for 6 hours after
      sustained coronary occlusion (ten animals) or coronary occlusion reperfused after
      60 minutes (12 animals). Ten control animals were studied in parallel fashion,
      without coronary occlusion. Myocardial tissue characterization derived from the P
      31 MR spectroscopy data by logistic regression analysis had an overall accuracy
      of 89%. Overall accuracy was unaffected by duration between coronary occlusion
      and P-31 MR study. Thus, metabolic data obtained with P-31 MR spectroscopy
      effectively separate normal, acutely ischemic, and reperfused but viable
      myocardium.

PMID- 3380987
TI  - Valvular regurgitation: dynamic MR imaging.
AB  - Cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a new technique that combines short
      repetition times, limited flip angles, gradient refocused echoes, and cardiac
      gating. This technique has a temporal resolution of up to 32 time frames per
      cardiac cycle and accentuates signal from flowing blood. Cine MR images of 56
      valves in 27 patients were evaluated and compared with either Doppler
      echocardiograms or cardiac catheterization images. An area of decreased signal
      that correlated spatially and temporally with regurgitant blood flow was seen in
      all instances in which valvular incompetence was demonstrated on either Doppler
      echocardiograms or cardiac catheterization images (20 valves). This abnormality
      was seen in nine of 36 cases without valvular incompetence. Cine MR imaging may
      be sensitive to turbulence and thus sensitive to valvular regurgitation.

PMID- 3380988
TI  - Embolization of cardiac mural thrombus: complication of intraarterial
      fibrinolysis.
AB  - A case of embolization of cardiac mural thrombus during intraarterial infusion of
      urokinase is reported. The mechanism of embolization is believed to be secondary
      to a systemic fibrinolytic effect induced by urokinase.

PMID- 3380989
TI  - Mechanisms responsible for the MR appearance and evolution of intracranial
      hemorrhage.
AB  - The sequential degradation of hemoglobin in an evolving hemorrhage has been
      reviewed. Physical mechanisms of proton relaxation enhancement that contribute to
      the clinical MR appearances of hemorrhage have been described, and the dependence
      of relaxation rates on field strength and interecho interval in spin-echo imaging
      techniques has been defined.

PMID- 3380991
TI  - The vertebral body: radiographic configurations in various congenital and
      acquired disorders.
AB  - Many abnormal vertebral configurations are disease-specific and when recognized
      on radiographs, make correct diagnosis possible.

PMID- 3380990
TI  - MR imaging of hemorrhagic conditions of the head and neck.
AB  - 1. There is a constant sequence of signal intensity patterns that characterize
      1.5 T, spin echo MR images of hemorrhagic lesions. 2. The MRI appearance of
      intraparenchymal hemorrhage is determined by the sequential chemical degradation
      of Hb, by the paramagnetic properties of the degradation products and by certain
      biologic factors including pO2, edema formation, hematocrit and BBB. 3. Acute
      intraparenchymal hemorrhage is characterized by markedly diminished signal
      intensity centrally relative to surrounding white matter (hypointensity) on T2
      weighted images and often by a moderately increased signal intensity
      (hyperintensity) of the adjacent white matter produced by surrounding edema on
      proton density and T2 weighted images. 4. Early subacute intraparenchymal
      hemorrhage is characterized centrally by moderate hypointensity on T2 weighted
      images, and peripherally, by moderate hyperintensity on T1 weighted and marked
      hypointensity on T2 weighted images. Hyperintensity on proton density and T2
      weighted images of nearby white matter owing to edema may again be seen. 5. Late
      subacute intraparenchymal hemorrhage is characterized by marked peripheral and
      central hyperintensity on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Also, marked
      hypointensity of the adjacent brain rim on T2 weighted images owing to
      hemosiderin deposition may be seen. 6. Chronic intraparenchymal hemorrhage is
      characterized by marked hyperintensity both centrally and peripherally on both T1
      and T2 weighted images and by marked hypointensity of the adjacent brain rim on
      T2 weighted images owing to hemosiderin deposition. Surrounding edema is no
      longer present. 7. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier appears to be
      important in determining whether or not hemosiderin accumulations consistently
      occur in subacute and chronic hemorrhage. 8. Hemorrhagic conditions in which the
      defined sequence of signal intensity patterns may be seen include: venous
      thrombosis, hemorrhagic infarction, occult vascular malformation and intracranial
      aneurysm.

PMID- 3380992
TI  - The straight and narrow path to good head and spine MRI.
AB  - The path to good head and spine images is narrow and treacherous. We have
      attempted to give the traveller a small but important set of basic rules,
      enabling him to cross with success. 1. Averaging can be used to achieve
      sufficient SNR for thin sections, but the cost in terms of scan time is high.
      Zooming the image (reducing the field of view) should generally be avoided, as
      the price in terms of SNR is very high. 2. Rectangular pixels and half-Fourier
      imaging are two methods for decreasing scan time. HFI, which produces high
      spatial resolution images, can be used when the SNR is not a limiting factor.
      Rectangular pixels improve the SNR, but decrease resolution. 3. To achieve good
      T1 contrast with spin echo imaging, set TE less than or equal to 20 msec. and TR
      less than or equal to 600 msec. For T2 weighted images, a TR between 2.0 and 3.0
      sec. is preferred, typically with two echoes: for example, TEs of 25 and 90 msec.
      4. Better slice profiles or gaps between slices can be used to combat slice-to
      slice interference. This results in improved SNR on T1 weighted images and
      improved contrast on T2 weighted images. 5. Low bandwidth techniques may be used
      to improve the SNR on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Chemical shift artifact
      puts a finite limit on the extent to which this can be applied. 6. Motion
      compensating gradients are a tremendous boon to MRI and should be utilized in all
      possible head and spine applications. These reduce image degradation from CSF and
      vessel pulsation, as well as from involuntary motion. 7. Fast imaging techniques
      can be used in 2-D multislice mode to decrease scan time. Unfortunately the T2
      contrast with this approach is far inferior to that of spin echo technique. 3-D
      FLASH, with 1 mm. sections, T1 contrast superior to spin echo technique, and the
      potential for high resolution reformatted images, may replace conventional 2-D,
      T1 weighted, spin echo imaging. Pulse techniques that combine all the advantages
      mentioned lie in the future. For example, one possible approach is a T2 weighted
      head screen that incorporates low bandwidth technique and HFI. This would produce
      high resolution images with reasonable SNR in approximately half the present scan
      time. Despite any further new developments, the trade-off between image quality
      and scan time will likely always remain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3380993
TI  - Computed tomography of vena caval anomalies with embryologic correlation.
AB  - Vena caval and left renal vein anomalies are not uncommon and are easily
      identified by CT, usually in an incidental fashion. A simple classification of
      these anomalies is presented (Table I). These anomalies become significant only
      when they are mistaken for pathologic masses or when one is planning surgical or
      radiologic vascular procedures. Detailed knowledge of these anomalies, in
      conjunction with the use of dynamic bolus CT, will permit easy diagnosis in
      nearly all cases.

PMID- 3380994
TI  - Pediatric case of the day. Hemimegalencephaly.

PMID- 3380995
TI  - General case of the day. Sarcoidosis involving the central nervous system.

PMID- 3380996
TI  - [Madreporic, polarized total arthroplasties of the hip. Apropos of 2688 cases].
AB  - This paper reports an experience over ten years with cementless total hip
      arthroplasty in a series of 2688 personal cases commencing in 1975. Stress is
      laid on the results over a period greater than 5 years and up to 10 years as much
      on the long-term effects on the host bone as on the implant itself. The causes of
      failure of biological anchorage by endosteal osteogenesis are analysed. Various
      phenomena, particularly the reaction of the cortices to stress, several cases of
      bony resorption with debris due to wear and fatigue fractures of the stem of the
      prosthesis have been seen. These and the problems posed by the occasional need
      for extraction have led to the progressive development of the prosthesis,
      resulting in 1983 in a new type of anchorage with a polarised surface and a
      better-balanced prosthesis in relation to stress and extractability.

PMID- 3380997
TI  - [The natural history of rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament].
AB  - A study has been made in a series of 45 patients, 36 of whom were re-examined and
      11 of whom replied to a questionnaire, of the fate of knees that had suffered a
      rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament which had not had a primary or
      secondary repair. The follow-up was between 5 and 44 years, with a mean of 15
      years. In the 36 who were reviewed, 21 showed an isolated posterior laxity, 8 a
      postero-lateral laxity and 7 a postero-medial laxity. Even though the posterior
      cruciate ligament is the strongest ligament in the knee, an isolated rupture of
      the ligament is often well tolerated after a mean period of adaptation of 12
      months. This functional tolerance is remarkable since it allows a return to
      sporting activity, even at high level. However, the disturbance of the kinematics
      of the knee resulting from the loss of the posterior cruciate ligament leads,
      after an average of 25 years, to osteoarthritis, either medial tibio-femoral or
      generalised depending on the morphological features of the patient. These
      findings have stimulated us to repair fresh lesions in young persons, especially
      in the presence of combined lesions but care needs to be exercised about the
      indications for surgery in chronic laxities during the first year of adaptation.

PMID- 3380998
TI  - [Critical study of the repair of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee using
      a pediculated flap to the Hoffa pad taken from the middle 3d of the patellar
      tendon. 50 surgical knees with a 2-to-4-year follow-up].
AB  - A reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee has been devised
      on the anatomical principle of an intra-articular flap taken from the middle
      third of the patellar tendon and based on the sub-patellar fat pad. Fifty knees
      have been treated and assessed after a follow-up of two to four years to provide
      a critical analysis of the method. The technique of the operation is described in
      detail in relation to the isometric reconstruction of the course of the anterior
      cruciate ligament. With a mean follow-up of 33 months (minimum 24 and maximum 48
      months), 98 per cent of the patients had a good result as regards stability
      together with a good anatomical result, with complete or almost complete
      elimination of the anterior drawer sign and the jerk test in 96 per cent. The
      subjective result described by the patient was good in 92 per cent but only 54
      per cent returned to the same sporting activity. The main problem encountered
      with this method was loss of 10 degrees of extension in 40 per cent of patients
      and loss of more than 10 degrees in 22 per cent. This loss of extension arose on
      the one hand from an impingement of the fatty pedicle in a narrow intercondylar
      notch and on the other from an associated postero-lateral laxity which resulted
      in an intra-articular transplant which was too short despite its anatomical
      attachments. The pedicled transplant has not given better results than free
      transplants and has given rise to additional iatrogenic problems even with a
      meticulous operative technique.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3380999
TI  - [The tibio-calcaneus external fixator in the treatment of fractures of the lower
      tibia].
AB  - Twenty-seven patients with complex fractures of the lower end of the tibia were
      treated by an external Hoffman fixator between 1977 and 1981. Its use was
      inspired by the presence of skin lesions and by the anatomical type of fracture
      when it was felt that other methods of treatment would be ineffective or
      hazardous. In favour of the method was the absence of iatrogenic infection and
      anatomical results that were superior to those of conservative treatment. Against
      it, there was a longer time for union, with eight delayed unions and three non
      unions and the fact that it was impossible to correct joint impaction which was
      present in 14 out of 28 cases.

PMID- 3381000
TI  - [Combination of external fixator and internal synthesis in fractures and
      pseudoarthrosis of the leg. Principle indications and results].
AB  - A combination of internal and external fixation has been used on 58 occasions in
      fractures and pseudarthroses in the leg. In almost two-thirds of the cases, the
      fractures were compound. Several situations favour this combination of fixation:
      internal fixation complements an initial external fixation by stabilising the
      fracture site in the shaft or by allowing reconstruction of joint surfaces,
      external fixation complements any inadequate internal fixation due to comminution
      of the fracture or poor skin cover that only allows a minimum of internal
      fixation, external fixation secondarily comes to the help of internal fixation in
      cases of skin necrosis or secondary bone infection. The authors believe that a
      combination of internal and external fixation has real advantages and that, when
      used with good sense, it should not lead to any specific complications.

PMID- 3381001
TI  - [Traumatic epiphyseal separation of the lower end of the femur].
AB  - Forty-one children suffering from displacement of the distal femoral epiphysis
      were reviewed with a five year follow-up. This is a rare lesion, caused by severe
      trauma. It is seen at all ages, four of the cases being neonatal, but principally
      in adolescence, in 22 cases. The Ogden classification is preferable to the Salter
      Harris classification for these fractures, which are usually in type II (39
      cases). The prognosis is related to the severity of the initial displacement and
      to the quality of the reduction and its maintenance. Epiphysoidesis developed
      frequently and early, in 15 cases. It seemed to be due to an initial vascular
      injury rather than to mechanical compression. The results were not very
      satisfactory with 23 good, 11 fair and 7 bad results. It is recommended that an
      anatomical reduction should be maintained by percutaneous crossed pins. In
      adolescents aged 15 years or over, primary surgical epiphysiodesis of the whole
      growth cartilage seems to be a reasonable possibility.

PMID- 3381002
TI  - [Lengthening of the triceps surae muscle in children with motor disorders of
      cerebral origin performed before the age of 6. Results at the end of growth].
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with cerebral palsy aged between two and six years had a
      lengthening of the triceps by various methods: gastrocnemius recession alone or
      combined with soleus lengthening (Green), lengthening of the tendon Achilles by
      the Green method, or by Z-lengthening. All were reviewed at the end of growth.
      Recurrence was more frequent, in two cases out of four, in those operated on
      before the age of three years. There were four recurrences out of 10 in those
      operated on between three and four years and four out of 23 among those between
      four and six years. There were three cases of talus, only one of which was severe
      in a child who had not yet walked. There was no other deterioration of function.
      In six cases operated on before they had begun to walk, two did not achieve
      walking because of the severity of their motor state. Recurrence was more
      frequent in hemiplegic than in diplegic children. Operative technique must be
      precise. Lengthening of the tendon Achilles is preferable to gastrocnemius
      recession. Plaster casts are kept on for three weeks. Whilst splintage is
      ultimately unnecessary, it is necessary to re-educate the triceps muscle.

PMID- 3381003
TI  - [Varus and pseudoarthrosis of the upper end of the femur due to malformation].
AB  - Congenital coxa vara with severe angulation is a difficult lesion to treat and of
      uncertain outcome. Many valgus osteotomies have resulted in failure because of
      inadequate correction or recurrence of deformity. The 27 cases described confirm
      this view. Out of 18 cases whose results are known, only four were good, compared
      with six fair and eight bad results. The causes of these failures arise from
      technical difficulties in the operative procedures, their inadequacy, significant
      muscle tension and malformation of the growth plates. An effective and lasting
      valgus is only possible if the internal fixation is well applied in the femoral
      neck, with a pin inserted into its axis. A moderate shortening avoids excessive
      tension in the region of the joint.

PMID- 3381004
TI  - [Extraction of a foreign body from the elbow using arthroscopy].
AB  - Arthroscopy of the elbow is now a good diagnostic and therapeutic method,
      particularly for the removal of loose bodies which are frequently found in the
      elbow, whatever their etiology. The authors have investigated the advantages and
      disadvantages of different sites of entry and the technique of removal of loose
      bodies in five cases. The technical ease of the procedure and the simplicity of
      the after-care makes it the method of choice in this condition.

PMID- 3381006
TI  - Effect of peroxisome proliferating hypolipidemic agents on serum activity levels
      of arylesterase and cholinesterase in rats and mice.
AB  - The effect of dietary exposures to peroxisome-proliferating, hypolipidemic agents
      on serum esterases was determined in rats and mice. Four genotypes of mice were
      fed nafenopin (1000 ppm) for six weeks and clofibrate (5000 ppm) was fed to young
      and aged rats for three weeks. The exposures significantly increased serum
      cholinesterase activity levels and decreased serum arylesterase activity levels
      in all groups of both species.

PMID- 3381005
TI  - Stimulatory action of ascorbic acid on methyl mercury-induced lipid peroxidation
      in rabbit kidney cortex slices.
AB  - Effects of ascorbic acid on the methylmercuric chloride (MMC)-induced lipid
      peroxidation and the accumulation of MMC in rabbit kidney cortical slices were
      studied. Ascorbic acid had a powerful stimulatory effect on the MMC-induced lipid
      peroxidation, while it produced only a small increase in the MMC accumulation.
      This results suggests that ascorbic acid increases slightly the accumulation of
      MMC, but that the stimulatory action of ascorbic acid on the MMC-induced lipid
      peroxidation cannot be explained simply by the increase in the MMC accumulation.

PMID- 3381007
TI  - Effects of calcium antagonist diltiazem on liver calcium content and necrosis of
      hepatocytes in rats following treatment with CCL4.
AB  - To study the relationship between the changes in hepatocytes and calcium contents
      in the liver of 42 rats treated with CCl4 and the effect of a calcium antagonist
      diltiazem on the liver injury, we determined liver calcium content, serum alanine
      aminotransferase (ALT), and serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine
      (T4), the T3/T4 ratio, and calcium before and 6 to 72 hr after treatment with a
      single oral dose of CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) in 21 rats (Group I) and in 21 rats treated
      with diltiazem (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally three times, 24 hr before,
      simultaneously with, and 24 hr after administration of the same doses of CCl4
      (Group II). The maximum calcium content in Group I was 259.7 +/- 53.3
      micrograms/g wet weight at 24 hr after treatment, whereas it was 113.0 +/- 51.1
      micrograms/g wet weight in Group II, and a significant difference was seen
      between them (p less than 0.05). The ALT levels in both groups elevated after 18
      to 24 hr and a significant difference was also found between the two levels at 24
      hr (p less than 0.05). The T3/T4 ratio in Group I decreased immediately, but
      increased later. The ratio in Group II maintained the level before treatment.
      Correlation between the calcium content and the grade of centrilobular necrosis
      was significantly seen in Group I (r = 0.82, p less than 0.001), but was not
      found in Group II. The grade of centrilobular necrosis appeared to be more severe
      at 24 to 48 hr in Group I than in Group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381008
TI  - Clomiphene blocks the effect of intravenous estradiol on the firing rate of rat
      nigral dopamine neurons.
AB  - Intravenous 17-beta-estradiol (BETA) has a potent, stereo-specific, and rapid
      effect on dopamine (DA) neuron firing rate in the substantia nigra compacta
      (SNC). Our data demonstrate that immediate intravenous pretreatment with the anti
      estrogen clomiphene (CLOM) blocks the action of subsequent intravenous BETA
      administration. Our results provide further physiologic evidence for membrane
      bound estradiol (E2) receptors within the rat brain.

PMID- 3381009
TI  - A proposed role played by benzene itself in the induction of acute cytopenia:
      inhibition of DNA synthesis.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal dose of benzene (880 mg/kg) in mice inhibited DNA
      synthesis of bone marrow cells within one hour postinjection. However, there was
      no inhibitory effect on the synthesis of heme and protein at that dosage. Dose
      dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis by benzene was observed over the range of
      440 to 1760 mg/kg, supporting the idea that cytopenia which was observed by
      others following multiple doses of benzene (e.g., 440 or 880 mg/kg) might be due
      to the inhibitory effect of benzene on DNA synthesis. In our studies, benzene
      concentrations above 81 micrograms/g wet bone marrow resulted in inhibition of
      DNA synthesis, regardless of whether it was given ip or by inhalation. The effect
      of benzene itself, rather than its toxic metabolites, on DNA synthesis was
      further seen in experiments using a bone marrow cell culture system and cell-free
      DNA synthetic system. Experimental results demonstrated that benzene alone was
      capable of inhibiting the DNA synthesis of bone marrow cells and that the reduced
      DNA synthesis resulted from the inhibitory effect of benzene on DNA polymerase
      alpha, the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of the DNA synthetic pathway.
      Thus, benzene itself could play a significant role in inducing myelotoxicity in
      the case of acute or subacute toxicity by exerting its inhibitory effect on DNA
      synthesis.

PMID- 3381010
TI  - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced perturbation of calcium
      distribution in the rat.
AB  - Altered calcium homeostasis may play a central role in the liver injury produced
      by some toxicants. Therefore, the dose and time dependent effects of TCDD on
      calcium distribution in whole homogenate and subcellular fractions of liver were
      examined. Groups of female rats were treated with 40 micrograms TCDD/kg for 1, 2
      or 3 days. Animals treated with TCDD for 1 and 2 days were killed 1 day after
      treatment. Rats treated for 3 days were killed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 12 post
      treatment. A 2-fold increase in calcium content in whole homogenate occurred 5
      days post-treatment. Increases in mitochondrial calcium were noted 3 days post
      treatment, and significant increases in microsomal calcium were observed one day
      post-treatment. Small increases in cytosolic calcium also occurred. Thus, TCDD
      produces disturbances in the content and subcellular distribution of calcium
      which may contribute to the promotion of toxic manifestations by this xenobiotic.

PMID- 3381011
TI  - The distribution of total mercury in the brain after the lateral ventricular
      single injection of methylmercury and glutathione.
AB  - We determined the time course of the distribution of total mercury in the brain
      after the lateral ventricular single injection of methylmercury (Me-Hg) and
      glutathione (GSH) to confirm our assumption that glutathione have a very
      important role in methylmercury transport into the brain. The following results
      were obtained: (1) The transport of methylmercury into the brain was accelerated
      by glutathione, but was retarded by the surplus glutathione. (2) The increase of
      glutathione to methylmercury ratio in the dose was tend to uniformize the
      distribution of total mercury in the brain. These results might suggest that
      methylmercury is carried with glutathione and transformed into methylmercury
      cysteine by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), and transported into the
      brain.

PMID- 3381012
TI  - Aluminum effects on growth of brain microvessel endothelial cells in primary
      culture.
AB  - Aluminum salts have been shown to stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation in primary
      cultures of bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs). Aluminum chloride
      or sulfate salts in concentrations between 0.01 to 100 microM were, in general,
      most effective in stimulation of thymidine uptake by BMECs with maximal effects
      observed after a 24 hour exposure to the metal. Concentrations of aluminum salts
      greater than 100 microM inhibited thymidine incorporation. Cell numbers were not
      affected by exposure to concentrations of the aluminum salts less than
      approximately 100 microM. Concentrations producing half-maximal stimulation of
      BMEC thymidine incorporation were approximately, 0.3 microM and 0.5 microM, for
      aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate, respectively. These findings indicate
      that BMECs are sensitive to lower concentrations of aluminum salts than other
      mammalian cell types. Hydroxyurea completely inhibited thymidine incorporation
      into BMECs in the presence and absence of aluminum suggesting that thymidine
      incorporation into BMECs is representative of DNA synthesis. Endothelial cell
      growth factor (ECGF) stimulated both increased DNA synthesis and BMEC cell
      numbers in the primary culture system. Aluminum had only slight effects on DNA
      synthesis in endothelial cell growth factor stimulated BMECs. In contrast to
      ECGF, aluminum then, appears to provide a stimulus for DNA synthesis but not
      subsequent mitosis in BMECs. Results from this study are consistent with previous
      studies in other cell types and with current knowledge of the effects of aluminum
      on the blood-brain barrier in vivo.

PMID- 3381013
TI  - Gastric anti-ulcer and cytoprotective effect of vitamin E in rats.
AB  - Effect of vitamin E on the gastric mucosal damage induced by hypothermic
      restraint stress, indomethacin, reserpine, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride and
      ethanol has been studied in rats. The results demonstrate that pretreatment of
      animals with vitamin E produces a significant inhibition of gastric lesions
      induced by above mentioned agents. An increase in the synthesis of
      prostaglandins, and high level of glutathione in tissues of vitamin E treated
      animals have been suggested as a possible mechanism of anti-ulcer activity of 
      tocopherol. However, further studies are required to confirm these effects and to
      determine the role of vitamin E in the prophylaxis and treatment of peptic ulcer
      disease.

PMID- 3381014
TI  - What to study on bronchial mucus samples for a proper analysis of muco-active
      drugs.

PMID- 3381015
TI  - The Milan Conference on Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Clinical
      highlights.

PMID- 3381017
TI  - Transbronchial lung biopsy in infiltrative lung disease. The importance of the
      pathologic approach.
AB  - Infiltrative diffuse lung diseases represent a heterogenous group of lesions with
      overlapping clinical and roentgenological features. Their diagnosis frequently
      needs a pathologic approach. We report our experience (671 patients with lung
      infiltrates) with transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) procedure. The results of
      morphologic investigation were subdivided into three groups: 1) A specific
      morphologic diagnosis was made in 192 cases (29%) 2) Histopathologic changes well
      consistent with the clinical pattern were present in 258 patients (38%) 3) Non
      specific lesions were found in 221 cases (33%). The diagnosis yield of the method
      was of 67%. UIP, DIP, Pulmonary Angiitis and Granulomatosis, Bronchiolitis
      Obliterans-Organizing Pneumonia and other rarer lung diseases may not be
      diagnosed on the basis of lesions present in TBB specimens.

PMID- 3381016
TI  - The elastase: anti-elastase profile in lung lavage from sarcoidosis patients.
AB  - One feature of pulmonary sarcoidosis is an increase of lymphocyte numbers in
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In some patients the number of
      polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) also rises. It has been suggested that the
      prognosis for the latter subjects is likely to be worse than that for the former,
      but the damaging agent (or agents) released by the PMN have not yet been
      identified. Therefore, in the current study, the activity of one neutrophilic
      enzyme, elastase, which is known to damage the pulmonary interstitium, has been
      assessed in sarcoid BALF and compared to BALF from subjects matched for age, sex
      and smoking status. As BALF also contains locally-produced and serum-derived
      inhibitors of elastase, levels of which may change in subjects with sarcoidosis,
      the serine protease inhibitory capacity and the levels of three anti-elastases
      have been measured in the samples. Levels of the serum-derived antiproteases,
      alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) and alpha 2 macroglobulin (alpha 2M)
      were found to be significantly increased. However, alpha 1PI/albumin and alpha
      2M/albumin ratios were unchanged, suggesting that the increased levels were due
      to an increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The total
      protease inhibitory capacity was elevated and this could be entirely explained by
      the raised levels of alpha 1PI and alpha 2M. Levels of the locally-produced
      inhibitor were unaltered. The elastolytic capacity of sarcoid BALF was unchanged.
      Thus, the elastase: anti-elastase balance was shifted against elastolytic
      activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381018
TI  - Recent advances on sarcoid immunology.

PMID- 3381019
TI  - The anemia of sarcoidosis.
AB  - Anemia and leukopenia have been reported in sarcoidosis. In order to characterize
      the prevalence and association with disease activity, 75 patients with active
      pulmonary sarcoidosis were studied. One or more hematologic abnormalities were
      identified in 87% of patients studied. Anemia was present in 21 patients (28%),
      and bone marrow examination in 17 anemic patients revealed noncaseating
      granulomas in 9 patients and absent iron stores in 8 patients. The bone marrow
      aspirates did not show characteristics seen in other anemias of chronic disease,
      such as tuberculosis. In the majority of unexplained anemia cases, hemoglobin
      levels normalized with prednisone treatment. Forty-one of 75 patients (55%) had
      lymphopenia. Anemia found in patients with active sarcoidosis was associated with
      noncaseating granulomas in the bone marrow and an improvement with steroid
      therapy.

PMID- 3381020
TI  - Childhood sarcoidosis.
AB  - Reports from Yugoslavia, France, Great Britain, Scandinavia, Hungary, and various
      parts of the United States, make it possible to construct a picture of
      sarcoidosis in children, its natural history and the influence of corticosteroid
      therapy.

PMID- 3381021
TI  - Sarcoidosis autopsies in Japan. Frequency and trend in the last 28 years.
AB  - Records of sarcoidosis autopsies were collected from data books of all the
      autopsies in Japan, which have been published yearly by the Japanese Society of
      Pathology since 1958. The rate of sarcoidosis in comparison to total autopsies
      showed about a two-fold increase between the 1958-'63 period and 1979-'85, and a
      significant difference was noted between the rate in the previous 16 years and
      that in the following 12 years. Age distribution among both the sexes showed
      significant higher rates in the females of over 40 years of age than among the
      males of the same age group, due to the higher rates of cardiac sarcoidosis among
      the older females. The disease was thought to be increasing in all age groups. In
      over half of the sarcoidosis autopsies death from sarcoidosis was noted, among
      which cardiac sarcoidosis was the main cause of death. Clinical diagnosis for
      sarcoidosis had been obtained in only one third of the sarcoidosis as well as non
      sarcoidosis deaths, indicating the difficulty in clinical diagnosis for cardiac
      sarcoidosis and the presence of many subclinical cases. The rate of sarcoidosis
      to total autopsy was three-fold or more of the prevalence rate of sarcoidosis in
      Japan.

PMID- 3381022
TI  - Granulomatous gastritis as a diagnostic problem between sarcoidosis and other
      granulomatous disorders.
AB  - A 59-year-old man, who suffered from achlorhydria and epigastric pains but was
      otherwise asymptomatic, was found to have a granulomatous lesion on the gastric
      mucosa suggesting sarcoidosis or a localized form of Crohn's disease. No sign of
      involvement of terminal ileum or rectum was detected. A liver biopsy specimen
      showed slight changes suggestive of granulomatous inflammation, but other signs
      of generalized sarcoid manifestations were absent. The patient was successfully
      treated with corticosteroids.

PMID- 3381023
TI  - Association of Sjogren's syndrome and sarcoidosis. Report of a case.
AB  - We report a case of a 57 year-old woman with Sjogren's syndrome and pulmonary
      complaints. After an initial evaluation, a lung biopsy was made and disclosed
      sarcoid lesions. This association is very rare, and the present case does not
      fulfill the criteria for TASS (Thyroiditis, Addison's disease, Sjogren, and
      Sarcoidosis). Sarcoidosis and Sjogren can coexist since both diseases may share
      the same immunological profile. This case report warrants further research on the
      overlapping of these diseases.

PMID- 3381024
TI  - The CREST syndrome and sarcoidosis. Another example of an overlap syndrome.
AB  - The association of CREST Syndrome and sarcoidosis has not been reported before.
      We describe a 68 year-old woman who first developed CREST Syndrome which was
      followed by the appearance of sarcoidosis. This clinical picture is another
      example of an overlap syndrome.

PMID- 3381025
TI  - Hypothalamic malfunction in cerebral sarcoidosis with abnormalities in
      temperature regulation and vascular control.
AB  - A case of abnormal temperature and vascular regulation developing in a patient
      who had suffered from active hypothalamic sarcoidosis 10 years previously is
      described. His symptoms have responded to therapy with a beta adrenergic blocking
      agent and he remains well 2 years after the onset of symptoms. The contrast
      between this case and the previous reports of hypothalamic sarcoidosis affecting
      temperature control are discussed.

PMID- 3381027
TI  - Response to "Measures of stress and related constructs".

PMID- 3381026
TI  - Pathology highlights of the XI World Conference in Milan 1987.

PMID- 3381028
TI  - Response to "Measures of stress and related constructs".

PMID- 3381029
TI  - Response to "Measures of stress and related constructs".

PMID- 3381030
TI  - Response to "Measures of stress and related constructs".

PMID- 3381032
TI  - [Locomotor apparatus. The spine. 2].

PMID- 3381031
TI  - [Present-day status of the treatment of palmo-plantar and axillary
      hyperhidrosis].

PMID- 3381033
TI  - [Evacuating gastric lavage].

PMID- 3381034
TI  - [Examination of a patient with a hernia].

PMID- 3381035
TI  - [Technics for the surgical treatment of hernias].

PMID- 3381037
TI  - [Surgery of hernias].

PMID- 3381036
TI  - [Inguinal hernia. Case report].

PMID- 3381038
TI  - [Advice for the time of convalescence].

PMID- 3381039
TI  - Fiber size distribution of myelinated and unmyelinated axons in the medial and
      posterior articular nerves of the cat's knee joint.
AB  - The distribution of fiber size in the posterior articular nerve (PAN) and medial
      articular nerve (MAN) of the cat's knee joint was studied by light and electron
      microscopy. The myelinated fibers of the PAN ranged from approximately 1 to 18
      micron, with maxima at 3-4 micron and 8-9 micron. According to the classification
      of Boyd and Davey (1968), the PAN contained about 34% Group III fibers, 56% Group
      II fibers, and 10% Group I fibers. In contrast, the MAN showed a unimodal, skewed
      distribution, with a range from approximately 1 to 14 micron and a maximum at 3-4
      micron. According to the Boyd and Davey classification, the PAN contained about
      69% Group III fibers, 30% Group II fibers, and 1% Group I fibers. Unmyelinated
      fibers examined in the MAN showed a unimodal distribution, with a range of from
      0.1 to 1.5 micron and a maximum at 0.4-0.5 micron. To differentiate between
      afferent and sympathetic fibers, a sympathectomy or ganglionectomy was performed
      on one side. The fiber size distribution indicated a considerable overlap in the
      diameter of the afferent and sympathetic unmyelinated fibers. Most sympathetic
      fibers had a diameter of between 0.8 and 0.9 micron, whereas afferent fibers
      showed a maximum at 0.3-0.4 micron. When data were combined for myelinated and
      unmyelinated fibers in the PAN, about 74% of the afferent fibers were found to
      belong to Groups III and IV; they are thought to terminate in noncorpuscular
      endings. The other 26% were found to belong to Groups I and II; they terminate in
      corpuscular receptors and muscle spindle primary and secondary endings.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381040
TI  - Responses from area 3b of somatosensory cortex to textured surfaces during active
      touch in primate.
AB  - (1) The purpose of this experiment was to characterize the responses of neurons
      in somatosensory cortex while the hand was actively moved (stroked) across a
      textured surface. Surfaces consisted of horizontal gratings that varied by
      spatial period or ridge-groove ratio (roughness). Surfaces were attached to
      rectangular blocks. TOP and BOTTOM halves of each block could contain surfaces of
      different roughness. (2) Velocity and force of the stroke were behaviorally
      constrained within certain limits and continuously measured and recorded during
      the stroke. (3) Response samples for each neuron were obtained for repeated
      presentations of each surface. Statistical analyses consisted of analysis of
      variance and t tests across surfaces on the data of each neuron, and summary
      statistics on groups of neurons with similar response characteristics. The
      interaction effects of behavioral variables (velocity and force) were examined
      and found not to be significant. (4) The sample mainly consisted of rapidly
      adapting neurons in area 3b of somatosensory area I (SI). Three main response
      types were found: (a) GRADED cells showed a monotonic increase in firing rate to
      increasingly rougher surfaces. This effect was seen in one-third of cells studied
      and is consistent with other reports. These cells seem to code roughness in the
      magnitude of their response. (b) In some cells, response to a BOTTOM surface
      depended on the roughness of the preceding TOP surface. This is analogous to
      contrast in the visual system. These CONTRAST cells are a novel finding in the
      somatosensory system. (c) Some cells only responded to surfaces that were
      completely smooth. These "OFF"-response-type cells were seen in proximity to
      other cells that responded in a reciprocal fashion to surfaces with ridges, but
      not to smooth surfaces. SMOOTH cells did not respond to punctate or passively
      applied stimuli, and therefore could not be classified by adaptation of the
      responses. (5) An increase in firing rate as spatial period (roughness) increases
      (with a constant ratio of ridge to groove) seems contrary to vibratory models of
      texture perception. As spatial period increases, temporal frequency decreases,
      and thus "tuned" cells should show a decreased response rate. Yet GRADED cells
      showed an increased response. In addition, response varied on surfaces with
      different groove size, where spatial period, and thus temporal period, was
      constant. This suggests that in rapidly adapting neurons, at least for these
      simple surfaces, texture is coded by the magnitude of the firing rates rather
      than by its temporal fidelity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3381041
TI  - Nonoverlapping thalamocortical connections to normal and deprived primary
      somatosensory cortex for similar forelimb receptive fields in chronic spinal
      cats.
AB  - The fluorescent dye retrograde tracing technique, using fast blue in combination
      with fluorogold, was used to examine thalamocortical projections from the
      ventrobasal complex to primary somatosensory cortex in chronic spinal cats that
      sustained T12 cord transection at 2 weeks of age. Following cord transection at
      this age, it has been shown that forelimb afferents can excite the deprived
      hindlimb projection zone, in addition to the region of somatosensory cortex that
      they normally occupy (McKinley et al., 1987). These two regions of cortex are
      separated by over 10 mm, thus facilitating the determination of whether the
      forelimb representation in "hindlimb cortex" is derived from the sector of the
      ventrobasal complex of the thalamus representing the forelimb, hindlimb, or both.
      Injections of the two dyes into separate regions of the cortex that were excited
      by the same peripheral forelimb receptive fields produced single labeling of two
      nonoverlapping clusters of thalamic neurons. This finding suggests that the
      projections for these two areas are independent and distinct, and indicates that
      altered thalamocortical projections do not contribute the critical component
      underlying reorganizational changes observed at the cortical level after spinal
      cord transection. It is hypothesized that the degree of reorganization required
      to achieve the magnitude of change observed in the cortex must occur below the
      level of the thalamocortical relay.

PMID- 3381042
TI  - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus submedius of the cat and rat
      thalamus.
AB  - In the present study, we employed the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      immunocytochemical technique to study the presence and distribution of enkephalin
      in the nucleus submedius of both cats and rats at the light- and electron
      microscopic levels. The enkephalin-like immunoreactive (ENK-LI) fibers were
      present in a concentrated, albeit limited, manner in the nucleus submedius of
      both species. These fibers were located close to the dorsal and caudal edge of
      the nucleus, and were confined to a small area that never exceeded 350 microns in
      the rostrocaudal or 250 microns in the dorsoventral direction. Mediolaterally,
      however, the fibers extended some 700 microns. No ENK-LI cell bodies were seen in
      the nucleus submedius, even in colchicine-treated animals. At the electron
      microscopic level, the ENK-LI terminals were seen to synapse on dendrites. These
      data indicate a previously unsuspected role of enkephalin in synaptic
      transmission processes within the nucleus submedius, and provide additional
      support for the role of this nucleus in the processing of nociceptive information
      at medial thalamic levels.

PMID- 3381043
TI  - Perception of the length of voluntary movements.
AB  - Two experiments were performed to study the ability of blindfolded subjects to
      estimate distance on the basis of proprioceptive cues. In the first experiment,
      subjects judged the length of metal rods that they were allowed to explore
      freely. With this access to positional as well as other cues, subjects' estimates
      were a nearly linear function of actual length. These data closely paralleled
      control measurements obtained under conditions of visual, rather than haptic,
      inspection. In the second experiment, each subject slid his or her index finger
      laterally along a straight path delimited by the apparatus, and then gave a
      magnitude estimate of the distance through which the finger had moved. Velocity
      of movement was manipulated by asking subjects, on each trial, to move at one of
      five speeds ranging from "very slow" to "very fast"; these instructions elicited
      velocities spanning a 100-to-1 range. Magnitude estimates of distance in this
      second experiment increased as a function of actual distance, but decreased as a
      function of velocity. This latter phenomenon resembles the dependence of
      perceived distance on velocity that has been shown by other investigators to
      occur when a stimulus object is drawn across the skin. The data of the present
      study are consistent with the hypothesis that the perceived length of an active
      movement depends on a combination of movement and position signals from primary
      and secondary sensory fibers in muscle spindles.

PMID- 3381044
TI  - Somatotopically inappropriate projections from thalamocortical neurons to the SI
      cortex of the cat demonstrated by the use of intracortical microstimulation.
AB  - Single thalamocortical neurons with receptive fields on the toes were
      antidromically activated by the passage of 300-microseconds, 0.5- to 10-microA
      pulses through glass micropipette electrodes placed within somatotopically
      identified regions of the digit representation of the cat first somatosensory
      (SI) cortex. The somatotopy of the cortex was determined using recordings from
      single cortical neurons (see "Methods"), and the positions of the all tracks were
      marked on an enlarged photograph of the postcruciate cortex. In two of the three
      protocols, a very precise map of the boundary between two adjacent toes was
      produced prior to attempting intracortical microstimulation. Slopes of the
      threshold-distance curves at the sites of the lowest recorded thresholds were on
      the order of 0.8 microA/10 micron. This value, together with information on the
      anatomy of the cortical arborizations of thalamocortical neurons (Landry and
      Deschenes, 1981), suggested that currents of 2 and 5 microA would not activate
      the cortical processes of thalamocortical neurons at distances greater than 50
      and 90 microns, respectively. With currents below 5 microA, thalamocortical
      neurons could be antidromically activated at a number of sites at depths between
      340 and 930 microns (layer IV and upper layer III) and between 1,050 and 1,460
      microns (layer VI). A total of 13 thalamocortical neurons could be antidromically
      activated using current pulses of between 0.8 and 5.0 microA, from within tracks
      at tangential distances of 250-830 microns from the nearest track through the
      somatotopically appropriate region. Within somatotopically inappropriate regions,
      cortical neurons frequently had receptive fields on a toe adjacent to that
      bearing the receptive field of the thalamic neuron(s) under study. The possible
      relationship of somatotopically inappropriate projections to the reorganization
      of cortical somatotopy following digit amputation, paw amputation, and nerve
      section is discussed.

PMID- 3381045
TI  - Observations on electrophysiologically characterized receptive fields of thin
      testicular afferent axons: a preliminary note on the analysis of fine structural
      specializations of polymodal receptors.
AB  - The sparse distribution of thin, principally unmyelinated sensory axons confined
      largely to the planar tunica vasculosa of the testis provides a suitable model
      for examining the fine structure of electrophysiologically characterized nerve
      fiber terminals. The marked sites of polymodal receptors of canine testis using
      the in vitro preparation devised by Kumazawa et al. (1987) were examined in
      serial sections traced to the terminal with the electron microscope, revealing
      the first micrographs of a characterized polymodal receptor ending. The inferred
      role of these terminals in nociception, their organelle content, and the problems
      encountered in interpreting our initial findings are considered in the context of
      the variety of morphological patterns and functional roles of thin sensory axons.

PMID- 3381046
TI  - [Disconnection and recognition of faces. A case with lesions of the left visual
      cortex and the splenium].
AB  - We report the clinical findings in a case of alexia without agraphia, due to a
      left posterior cerebral artery infarction, in which C.T. showed occipital and
      splenial lesions. There were in addition a right homonymous hemianopsia and
      agnosia for colors, objects and pictures, with both associative and disconnective
      aspects. The hypothesis of an occipito-occipital disconnection, depriving the
      left visual associative areas of inputs, could explain this agnosia. The most
      striking findings in this case was, besides an anomia for faces, a peculiar
      difficulty to recognize her own face. The patient seemed to recognize herself.
      The patient spoke about herself in the third person, giving genuine
      autobiographical details, without being able to say: "it is me". This phenomenon
      is discussed in terms of disconnection: the right hemisphere sending information
      from the semantic field evoked by her own face, through the anterior part of the
      corpus callosum, to the left hemisphere. We discuss the hemispheric contribution
      within cognitive experience, and the role of language concerning the conscious
      experience in man.

PMID- 3381047
TI  - [Cerebral ischemic accidents and chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation
      of cancerous origin].
AB  - Cerebral infarcts in 3 patients revealed the presence of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIVC) of cancerous origin before any clinical
      manifestations of the neoplasm. Neurologic manifestations of these consumption
      coagulopathies almost constantly produce a picture of diffuse encephalopathy,
      expression of disseminated microinfarcts; however, transient or constituted
      focalized ischemic accidents by occlusion of a medium sized artery are also
      possible, and this in the absence of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
      Biologic diagnosis of DIVC is not always simple, and screening tests (platelet
      count, prothrombin and fibrinogen levels) can remain within normal limits during
      chronic forms, as a result of a subjacent inflammatory syndrome, frequently
      associated with cancer. Two other specific serum tests are therefore of
      fundamental interest: assay of fibrin degradation products and tests for soluble
      complexes.

PMID- 3381049
TI  - [Fatty cerebral embolism after lymphography].
AB  - A 25 year-old man with Hodgkin's disease, presented a confusional state with
      choreatic movements, 1 hour after a lymphography. CT showed high density in the
      heads of both caudate nuclei, and in the cortex. The patient's state improved and
      he entirely recovered within 2 weeks, while CT returned to normal. No right-to
      left shunt was demonstrated. The mechanisms of this infrequent complication of
      lymphography are discussed: exceeding filtration capacity of lung because of a
      too rapid administration of contrast or severe lung embolism? intracardiac right
      to-left shunts? microscopic arteriovenous shunts in the lung? bad venous cerebral
      drainage consecutive to a vena cava superior syndrome?

PMID- 3381048
TI  - [Magnetic resonance imaging and herpetic encephalitis].
AB  - Cerebral lesions in two cases of herpetic encephalitis were detected by MRI using
      a spin-echo sequence and delayed echo signal recordings, whereas CT scans were
      normal. In one case pathology showed lesions to be more extensive than MRI
      anomalies. This suggests that even in the absence of EEG and CT anomalies, an
      encephalitis can be suggested by MRI.

PMID- 3381051
TI  - [Preliminary note concerning a survey on multiple sclerosis through French
      television (FR3)].

PMID- 3381050
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical study of Behcet's syndrome with involvement of the central
      nervous system].
AB  - The authors report a patient with Behcet disease who developed severe central
      neurological disturbances. The M.R.I. was largely coincident with the
      distribution of the lesions verified in the neuropathological examination, while
      CT only shows an hypodense lesion in basal ganglia with contrast enhancement. The
      neurological symptoms did not respond to a treatment with prednisone and
      azathioprine. The main histopathological findings are similar to those described
      by previous observers. Reactive histiocytic infiltration with severe lymphocytic
      phagocytosis, probably related to immunosuppressor treatment, was also observed.

PMID- 3381052
TI  - [Motor evoked potentials. Technic and results in the normal subject].
AB  - The transcranial stimulation of the motor cortex and spinal cord was introduced
      in clinical neurology by Merton and Morton (1980). This reproducible and non
      invasive technique gives the possibility to elicit unilaterally or bilaterally
      evoked motor potentials. It is possible to define a Total Conduction Time (TCT)
      from cortex to muscle and a Peripheral Conduction Time (PCT) from spinal cord to
      muscle. The central conduction time is given by the latency difference between
      TCT and PCT. This delay represents the duration of the descending corticospinal
      volley plus the delay necessary to depolarize spinal motor neurons. For central
      pathways supplying the upper limbs TCT is 4.3 milliseconds and for central
      pathways supplying the lower limbs TCT is 9.3 milliseconds. This technique of
      central motorpathway assessment can be used to define the magnitude of a central
      motor deficit in neurological diseases affecting the corticospinal tract, during
      surgical procedures involving the spinal cord and in comatose patients. The new
      magnetic stimulation is painless and will probably widen the utilization of this
      method.

PMID- 3381053
TI  - Prenatal morphine exposure and sleep-wake disturbances in the fetus.
AB  - We have previously shown that acute exposure to low-dose morphine stimulates
      arousal and breathing movements in the fetal lamb. We now report on the effects
      of subacute low-dose morphine exposure on the regulation of fetal sleep-wake
      behavior and breathing patterns. Morphine was infused to 11 fetal lambs (121-129
      days gestation) at a constant rate of 400 micrograms/h for 7 days via a mini
      osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously in the maternal flank and connected
      directly to an indwelling catheter in the fetal vena cava. On day 1, morphine
      resulted in a state of arousal in all fetuses, with loss of quiet sleep and rapid
      eye movement (REM) sleep. This response was greatly reduced by day 2 and was
      insignificant by day 3, despite continuous drug exposure. There was no decrease
      in plasma morphine levels. Two fetuses died during morphine exposure. Upon
      removal of the pump, all fetuses exhibited disturbances in their sleep cycles
      within 1-3 h, with an increase in arousal time and loss of REM sleep. The
      duration of the arousal and quiet sleep episodes was also greatly reduced. Such
      disturbances were noted for 3-4 days after termination of morphine infusion. Four
      fetuses were delivered prematurely (131-136 days) during this period. These
      results demonstrate the rapid onset of tolerance to low-dose morphine exposure in
      the fetus and the development of physical dependence, as manifested by a mild
      abstinence syndrome characterized by sleep-wake disturbances.

PMID- 3381054
TI  - Comparison of sleep staging by polygraph and color density spectral array.
AB  - Color Density Spectral Array (CDSA) is a new technique that uses the fast Fourier
      transform and color graphics to provide a display of frequency, power, and time.
      CDSA sleep records provide an overview of sleep architecture as well as
      quantitative+ EEG data. To validate this technique, overnight sleep records from
      five patients were independently staged from polygraph recordings and overnight
      CDSA records. Observed agreement between the two techniques was 85-92% for
      approximately 1,100 epochs per night.

PMID- 3381055
TI  - Behavioral versus EEG-based monitoring of all-night sleep/wake patterns.
AB  - Faint tones were presented at intervals (average 16 s) throughout a night's
      sleep; whenever they heard them, subjects pressed a palm-mounted button to switch
      them off. At the same time, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Button-press
      responses occurred in all EEG stages of sleep except Stage 4, although there was
      only one behavioral response (BR) in Stage 3 and one in REM. The mean probability
      of response (PR)/Stage was Stage 1 = 0.235, Stage 2 = 0.016, Stage 3 = 0.001,
      Stage 4 = 0.000, Stage REM = 0.0004. Also, responses sometimes failed to occur in
      EEG Stage wake (PR = 0.94), particularly near sleep onset. If the criterion for
      wakefulness is cognitive response to external stimulation, only in EEG Stages 3,
      4, and REM can accurate distinctions between sleep and wakefulness be made. If
      EEG is the criterion, then the data suggest that cognitive response is possible
      during Stages 1 and 2 "sleep." The concept of a sleep onset period (SOP),
      characterized by lengthening response times and intermittent response failure
      (thereby reflecting neither true sleep or wakefulness), may provide a useful
      resolution of this definitional dilemma.

PMID- 3381056
TI  - Episodic nocturnal wanderings in non-epileptic young patients.
AB  - Twelve patients, aged 19 to 29 years, presented with episodic nocturnal
      wanderings characterized by stereotyped frequent attacks of screaming,
      ambulation, and complex automatisms during sleep. The attacks ranged in frequency
      from two or three per year to several per night and were often associated with
      semi-purposeful violent and even life-threatening behavior. None of the patients
      had a history of seizures; three had a history of prior parasomnias and four had
      family members with a history of parasomnia. Polysomnographic and daytime
      electroencephalographic (EEG) investigations showed potentially epileptiform
      activity in four patients. Recorded episodes were not accompanied by ictal EEG
      activity. Anticonvulsant medication reduced or eliminated the attacks in all of
      the nine treated patients. The pathophysiology of the disorder is uncertain.

PMID- 3381057
TI  - Sleep deprivation increases susceptibility to kindled and penicillin seizure
      events during all waking and sleep states in cats.
AB  - The timing of amygdala kindled and penicillin seizures was studied throughout the
      sleep-wake cycle in eight cats following near total sleep deprivation and a
      control procedure that did not affect sleep time. Sleep loss was induced by 24-h
      exposure to a modified "flower pot" procedure employing a small pedestal. The
      control procedure consisted of 24-h exposure to a larger pedestal. Sleep loss
      increased susceptibility to generalized kindled and penicillin seizures during
      all waking and sleep states but did not alter temporal patterns of seizure
      susceptibility. Both before and after sleep loss, kindled cats showed maximal
      seizure susceptibility, indexed by lowest seizure thresholds, during slow wave
      sleep (SWS) and transitions from SWS to REM sleep (REMS). The spike-wave
      discharges and motor seizures of systemic penicillin epilepsy were always most
      frequent during SWS and during drowsiness after awakening. Both models were
      invariably most resistant to seizures during stable REMS. To explain sleep- and
      sleep loss-activated seizures, we summarized previous work suggesting that sleep
      abnormalities dictate the timing of seizures and are exacerbated by sleep loss.
      Abnormal behavioral arousals and pathological somatomotor system excitability
      occur in both models and are particularly pronounced during seizure-prone
      intervals. Sleep loss may magnify somatomotor system hyperexcitability patterns
      in all states, thus allowing abnormal motor arousals and seizures to intrude
      during seizure-prone and seizure-resistant sleep and waking states.

PMID- 3381058
TI  - Destructive bruxism: sleep stage relationship.
AB  - Despite apparent similar amounts of bruxism, two groups that had been evaluated
      polysomnographically differed dramatically in symptomatology. Patients with
      severe symptoms were referred to as the destructive bruxism group and were
      compared with (a) a group with sleep disturbance complaints who had bruxism and
      (b) a group of insomniac depressed patients chosen without regard to bruxism. It
      was hypothesized that not only the presence of bruxism during sleep but its
      pattern and sleep stage relationship were factors affecting clinical symptoms.
      The results indicated that the sleep stage relationship was an important factor.
      Patients with severe symptoms attributed to nocturnal bruxism were likely to have
      more bruxism in REM sleep than the other groups. These results if replicated
      prospectively would help explain some of the discrepancies in the literature
      concerning sleep stage relationship of bruxism, as well as help explain
      differences in symptomatology of bruxism patients.

PMID- 3381059
TI  - Sleep hiccup.
AB  - The present study is the first to prove the presence of hiccup during sleep
      polygraphically. Hiccup (Hc) penetrates all sleep stages; in REM sleep, it
      becomes randomized. The amplitude and frequency of sleep Hc have stage-dependent
      characteristics, and a linear regression appears with every sleep cycle. Sleep Hc
      may alternate, but does not coexist with, periodic leg movements. Related to
      inspiration, sleep Hc presents a right deviation when compared with wake Hc. The
      sleep pattern in persistent sleep Hc is disturbed in a nonspecific manner. Sleep
      Hc is not associated with sleep apnea. Sleep synchronizes the breathing rate with
      the hiccupping rate. During light sleep, the Hc rate exceeds the breathing rate,
      whereas during deep sleep, the breathing rate exceeds the Hc rate.

PMID- 3381060
TI  - Effect of continuous heat exposure on sleep stages in humans.
AB  - Six young men were exposed to a thermoneutral environment of air temperature (Ta)
      20 degrees C for 5 days and nights followed by an acclimation period of 5 days
      and nights at Ta 35 degrees C and 2 recovery days and nights at Ta 20 degrees C.
      Electrophysiological measures of sleep, esophageal temperature, and mean skin
      temperature were continuously monitored. The total nocturnal body weight loss was
      measured by a sensitive platform scale. Compared with the 5 nights of the
      baseline period at 20 degrees C, sleep patterns showed disturbances at 35 degrees
      C. Total sleep time was significantly reduced, while the amount of wakefulness
      increased. The subjects exhibited fragmented sleep patterns. The mean duration of
      REM episodes was shorter at 35 degrees C than at 20 degrees C of Ta, while the
      REM cycle length shortened. In the acclimation period, there was no change in
      sleep pattern from night to night, despite adaptative adjustments of the
      thermoregulatory response. The protective mechanisms of deep body temperature
      occurring with heat adaptation did not interact with sleep processes. Upon return
      to baseline condition, a recovery effect was observed on a number of sleep
      parameters which were not significantly affected by the preceding exposure to
      prolonged heat. This would suggest that during exposure to dry heat, the demand
      for sleep could overcome that of other regulatory functions that are temperature
      dependent. Therefore, a complete analysis of the effect of heat on sleep
      parameters can be assessed only if heat exposure is compared with both baseline
      and recovery periods.

PMID- 3381061
TI  - Passive body heating and sleep: influence of proximity to sleep.
AB  - Previous studies have found enhanced delta sleep following body heating. This
      study assessed the influence of body heating as a function of its proximity to
      sleep. Electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep patterns were compared following body
      heating (1 h immersion in water at 41 degrees C) at each of four times of day:
      morning (MO), afternoon (AF), early evening (EE), and late evening (LE), ending
      just prior to sleep. A delta filter/integrator system provided objective measures
      of delta content. Relative to baseline nights, whole-night delta sleep was
      increased by the two evening heating sessions only, particularly LE heating.
      Following LE, the increased delta occurred primarily in the first sleep cycle,
      whereas EE heating elicited increased delta distributed across the later sleep
      cycles (cycles 2-4). Effects on manually staged indices of slow wave sleep (SWS)
      were confined to increases in Stage 4 in the first sleep cycle following LE
      heating. Heating just prior to sleep also resulted in a substantial reduction in
      the duration of the first rapid eye movement sleep period. Sleep onset time was
      reduced by heating, particularly EE heating. The results indicate that body
      heating induces temporary changes that affect sleep propensity and both the
      quantity and temporal distribution of delta activity in the sleep EEG.

PMID- 3381062
TI  - A decision tree for early differentiation between obstructive and non-obstructive
      jaundice.
AB  - We present a method for early differentiation between obstructive and non
      obstructive jaundice. On the basis of 14 variables (clinical data and clinical
      chemical tests, all available within 48 h) a simple decision tree or flow chart
      has been constructed. The diagnostic yield was as follows: 857 of 982 consecutive
      jaundiced patients (87%) in a data base and 98 of 108 patients in an independent
      test sample (91%) were correctly classified. Decision trees for the
      differentiation between benign or malignant causes within the obstructive group
      and between acute or chronic causes within the non-obstructive group are also
      presented. The resulting four-way classification was correct for 77% of the
      patients in the data base and for 72% of the patients in the test sample. The
      decision trees are compared with previous methods founded on Bayes' rule and
      logistic discrimination. The decision trees enable a quick and reliable
      classification of jaundiced patients, thus providing a valid basis for rational
      planning of the further diagnostic study.

PMID- 3381063
TI  - Effect of intermittent weekend therapy with omeprazole on basal and bombesin- and
      pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid and serum gastrin.
AB  - Omeprazole, a substituted benzimidazole inhibitor of the gastric H+/K+-ATPase, is
      a potent and long-acting antisecretory drug. Because of its high potency and
      because of the possible risk of long-term hypergastrinaemia intermittent therapy
      with this drug may be preferable to continuous treatment in patients requiring
      long-term treatment. We have therefore studied the effect of weekly 3-day courses
      of 20 mg/day omeprazole followed by a 4-day period without medication (weekend
      therapy) for 4 weeks on basal and bombesin- (150 ng/kg.h) and pentagastrin- (1.5
      micrograms/kg.h) stimulated gastric acid secretion in 10 normal subjects. Gastric
      acid was measured in week 1, before (day 1) and immediately after the 3-day
      omeprazole course (day 4), and further on day 6 and day 8, immediately before the
      next course, and at similar intervals in week 4 (days 22, 25, 27, and 29). When
      compared with pretreatment values, basal and bombesin- and pentagastrin
      stimulated gastric acid were significantly (p less than 0.01-p less than 0.05)
      inhibited on the days immediately after the courses (days 4 and 25) but were,
      except for a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction of pentagastrin-stimulated
      gastric acid on day 8, not significantly affected on all other days. Basal and
      integrated bombesin-stimulated serum gastrin values were not significantly
      changed, whereas bombesin-stimulated peak serum gastrin was significantly (p less
      than 0.05) increased on days 22 and 29. Since this schedule of omeprazole induces
      pronounced, but transient, inhibition of gastric acid secretion without provoking
      marked hypergastrinaemia, intermittent weekend therapy may be suitable for long
      term maintenance treatment with this drug.

PMID- 3381064
TI  - Relationship of overweight to hiatus hernia and reflux oesophagitis.
AB  - In a prospective study in 1224 patients referred for upper alimentary endoscopy,
      reflux oesophagitis was found in 195 (16%) of the patients and hiatus hernia in
      249 (20%). In patients with reflux oesophagitis a coexisting hiatus hernia was
      found in 68%. The weight-for-height index (W/H1.8), which expresses the degree of
      overweight, was significantly higher both in patients with hiatus hernia and in
      the patients with reflux oesophagitis, indicating an overweight of approximately
      5% in both groups. The overweight was most pronounced in oesophagitis grades 1
      and 2, whereas in patients with severe oesophagitis (grade 3) body weight was
      normal, possibly owing to weight loss caused by dysphagia and excessive
      regurgitation. The results support the view that adiposity is associated with
      both sliding hiatus hernia and reflux oesophagitis and that hiatus hernia plays a
      role in the development of reflux oesophagitis.

PMID- 3381065
TI  - Content of sitosterol, cholestanol, and cholesterol in very low density
      lipoproteins of rat liver perfusate.
AB  - Sterol specificity in synthesis of very low density lipoproteins in the rat liver
      was studied by liver perfusion after injection in vivo of sterols as double
      isotopes. The amounts of sterols recovered in the very low density lipoprotein
      fraction of the perfusate were compared with the microsomal contents, using both
      double isotope ratio technique and quantitation by gas chromatography. The
      secretion of sitosterol and cholestanol was 0.72 and 0.88 of that of cholesterol,
      respectively. Variations of microsomal sterol concentrations did not affect the
      principal results. Relative to cholesterol, one-third more of injected sitosterol
      was present in the liver after 24 h. Sitosterol was excreted in the bile at one
      fourth the rate of cholesterol and to a larger extent as free sterol compared
      with cholesterol.

PMID- 3381066
TI  - Local effect of neurotensin on canine ileal blood flow, and its release by
      luminal lipid.
AB  - This study was performed to determine whether the level of neurotensin in
      mesenteric venous blood after lipid perfusion is sufficient to establish
      neurotensin as a mediator of lipid-induced mesenteric vasodilation. In
      anesthetized dogs, arterial flow to segments of the ileum was recorded, and blood
      was collected for measurement of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity, and
      neurotensin and metabolites. Perfusion of the lumen with micellar lipid resulted
      in an increase in blood blow from 37.7 +/- 4.1 to 44.5 +/- 3.9 ml/min/100 g (p
      less than 0.01; n = 8); flow to a control segment did not change. Venous plasma
      neurotensin-like immunoreactivity doubled, and neurotensin also increased (to
      11.3 +/- 3.9 fmol/ml; p less than 0.05). Close intra-arterial infusion of
      neurotensin at 5 pmol/min increased blood flow to 44.3 +/- 3.4 ml/min/100 g (p
      less than 0.025; n = 5); flow to a control segment did not change. Neurotensin
      like immunoreactivity increased to the same extent as with lipid perfusion, and
      neurotensin increased to 28.6 +/- 6.1 fmol/ml (p less than 0.05). No accumulation
      of metabolites was detected in either experiment. Thus, infused neurotensin
      caused increased ileal blood flow at a level in venous plasma comparable to that
      present after lipid perfusion, suggesting that neurotensin may have a role in the
      local regulation of ileal blood flow.

PMID- 3381067
TI  - Jejunoileal bypass and electrolytes. A follow-up study of intra- and extra
      cellular electrolytes with special emphasis on magnesium.
AB  - It is generally believed that patients operated on for gross obesity with
      jejunoileal shunt develop electrolyte malabsorption. In follow-up studies
      electrolyte abnormalities have been reported in 6-37% of the cases. We have not
      been able to find any description of simple diagnostic tools to help indicate
      which patients should be treated with electrolyte supplements. The aim of this
      study was to evaluate different diagnostic tools to determine whether they would
      identify which patients to treat. Ten patients with end-to-side jejunoileostomies
      were investigated. Our attempt failed. We were not able to identify the patients
      who needed supplementary therapy. The reason for this may be absence of severe
      electrolyte abnormalities or insufficient diagnostic methods.

PMID- 3381068
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis in Sweden. The etiologic spectrum, clinical
      presentation, and laboratory profile.
AB  - An epidemiologic study covering about 1/3 of the adult Swedish population showed
      an annual incidence of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) of 1.6 per 100,000. At
      least 45% had a viral cause of their CAH, the proportion being distinctly higher
      in large cities than in rural ones. Drugs, alcohol, and metabolic disorders were
      rarely identified as etiologic factors. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis and
      gluten enteropathy was remarkably high in idiopathic CAH. Compared with antibody
      negative patients with idiopathic CAH, antibody-positive patients showed higher
      rates of the female sex, IgG increase, anti-HBs negativity, compliance with the
      Mayo criteria for treatment, and absence of previous episode of jaundice.
      Furthermore, in autoantibody-negative idiopathic CAH the prevalence of anti-HBs
      antibodies was at least three times greater than in the Swedish population,
      suggesting a viral cause of some forms of idiopathic CAH, a suggestion supported
      by the clinical pattern of the disease.

PMID- 3381069
TI  - Operative treatment of ulcerative colitis: conventional proctectomy with Brooke
      ileostomy versus mucosal proctectomy with ileoanal anastomosis.
AB  - Fifty-four patients with ulcerative colitis were operated on during a 3-year
      period; 35 had conventional proctectomy and Brooke ileostomy, and 19 had mucosal
      proctectomy, performed from the abdominal side, leaving 1-2 cm of the distal anal
      mucosa, and a straight ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) without diverting ileostomy.
      There were no operative deaths. In the ileostomy group 19 (54%) of the patients
      had a total of 38 reoperations: 10 laparotomies and 28 revisions of a perineal
      sinus. Three (16%) of the IAA patients had a total of five reoperations: four
      laparotomies and one closure of a loop ileostomy. All IAA patients had perfect
      continence day and night and a median stool frequency of 7.5/24 h 1 year after
      the operation. Ileostomy patients had significantly longer time out of work, and
      more urinary, sexual, and social dysfunctions than the IAA patients. After 2-3
      years' follow-up study, all differences in results are greatly in favour of the
      ileoanal procedure.

PMID- 3381070
TI  - Pressure of papillary sphincter zone and pancreatic main duct in patients with
      chronic pancreatitis in the early stage.
AB  - We measured pressures of the papillary sphincter zone and pancreatic main duct
      endoscopically in 20 control subjects and in 38 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis without papillary stenosis, including 19 cases believed to be in the
      early stages of chronic pancreatitis. There was no significant difference between
      control subjects and patients with chronic pancreatitis without papillary
      stenosis in the motility of the sphincter of Oddi. The pancreatic main ductal
      pressure was significantly higher in the patients in the early stage of chronic
      pancreatitis (35.7 +/- 9.1 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) in patients suspected of having
      chronic pancreatitis and 44.9 +/- 20.4 mm Hg in minimal-change chronic
      pancreatitis) than in the controls (16.2 +/- 8.7 mm Hg). The viscosity of pure
      pancreatic juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis (5.0 centi-Poise (cP] in
      the basal secretory phase was significantly higher than that of the controls
      (1.32 cP). These data suggest that endoscopic measurement of pancreatic ductal
      pressure is useful for diagnosis of the early stages of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 3381071
TI  - [HIV infection of the central nervous system: psychiatric consequences].
AB  - Cerebral infection with human immunodeficiency virus can result in the
      development of symptoms covering a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders and
      including adjustment disorders, affective disorders, delirium and dementia. The
      rapid and insidious nature of the disease requires an approach that relies on
      differential diagnosis, thorough psychiatric and neurological examination and,
      when indicated, additional tests such as EEG, LP, CT or MRI. The treatment of
      psychiatric symptoms is based on traditional pharmacological principles, although
      at lower doses due to the patients' propensity to develop delirium. Supportive
      psychotherapy and education of the patient and his family on the special aspects
      of HIV-associated psychiatric disorders are also cornerstones of treatment.

PMID- 3381072
TI  - [Clinical course and risk factors in patients with generalized mycoses].
AB  - A retrospective analysis of the clinical course of disseminated fungal infections
      in 32 patients revealed 25 cases of candidiasis, 5 patients with aspergillosis,
      and 2 with mixed fungal infections. All patients had undergone cytostatic therapy
      for malignant hematological diseases as the predisposing risk factor for fungal
      infection. 30 patients had severe granulocytopenia (less than 500/cmm). In
      addition, 30 patients had received broad spectrum antibiotics and 16 had been
      treated with corticosteroids. 17 of 32 patients were treated systemically with
      antimycotic drugs for proven fungal infection. No antimycotic agents were given
      to 15 patients because fungal infections were diagnosed only on post mortem
      examination. 19 patients succumbed to overwhelming disease, including 5 in spite
      of antimycotic therapy. Patients in whom systemic candidiasis was detected after
      recovery of granulocytopoeisis had a better prognosis than patients who developed
      systemic fungal infections during the period of ongoing severe granulocytopenia.

PMID- 3381073
TI  - [Ambulatory therapy with amphotericin B].
AB  - Therapy of systemic fungal infection with amphotericin B (AmB) must be continued
      for several months and is usually performed on an inpatient basis because of the
      risk of drug toxicity. Between 1983 and 1987 we treated 14 outpatients with a
      total of 164 AmB infusions. Side effects were generally mild and easy to control.
      Progressive impairment of renal function led to dose reduction and interruption
      of therapy in only one patient. Ambulatory therapy with AmB is feasible in an
      outpatient unit with adequate experience, and a significant reduction of
      treatment costs can result. Outpatient therapy is an acceptable alternative to
      inpatient treatment. Patients with malignant diseases under palliative therapy
      will profit most from the reduced duration of hospital stay.

PMID- 3381074
TI  - [Rapid eye movements (saccades): review of their physiological and anatomical
      basis and their clinical significance].
AB  - Our understanding of the organization of eye movements has been greatly expanded
      in recent years, mainly due to studies in animals. A review of the clinically
      important neurophysiological and anatomical aspects of the organization of rapid
      eye movements (saccades) is presented. A knowledge of these basic aspects will
      assist the clinician's investigation and understanding of pathologic eye
      movements in patients.

PMID- 3381075
TI  - [Drug therapy in acute heart and circulatory failure].

PMID- 3381076
TI  - [The treatment of cardiac insufficiency with vasodilators].
AB  - Vasodilators currently prescribed in the treatment of congestive heart failure
      represent a wide class of drugs. In acute heart failure, the therapeutic choice
      should be based on considerations about the mechanisms of drug action as well as
      the site of action on the vascular bed, together with the patient's hemodynamic
      and clinical characteristics. For medium-to long-term treatment the choice should
      be oriented towards drugs which do not activate compensatory or feedback
      regulation mechanisms. Use of therapeutic agents such as inhibitors of the
      angiotensin converting enzyme will avoid the development of physiological
      tolerance.

PMID- 3381077
TI  - [The treatment of acute cardiac insufficiency: toward a physiopathological
      approach].
AB  - The development of new inotropic or vasodilator agents, with different spectra of
      action makes possible a physiological approach to the treatment of acute cardiac
      failure. The choice depends on the functional disturbances measured and is then
      adapted to the response obtained. In the most serious cases, where
      pharmacological treatment proves insufficient, there need be no hesitation in
      using invasive methods which were formerly reserved for the treatment of
      cardiogenic shock. Systematic application of therapeutic formulae gives way to
      rational selection of the agent best adapted to the particular conditions brought
      about by a specified cardiopathy in a given patient.

PMID- 3381078
TI  - [How to describe activities in critical care. French Multicenter Study Group in
      Critical Care].
AB  - The types of intensive care are many and varied, and the aim of this study is to
      apply the same method to describing the activity of different ICU. 38 ICU were
      selected by cooptation rather than randomization, and the data collected
      concerned input (age, previous health status, simplified acute physiology score
      or SAPS, intensive care group, processes [TISS points]), percentage of ventilated
      patients, percentage of pulmonary arterial lines and outcome (ICU death rate).
      The three intensive care groups were A (medical, i.e. all nonsurgical patients),
      B (surgical, i.e. patients operated on during the week preceding or following ICU
      admission) and C (surgical scheduled or elective, admission scheduled at least 24
      hours before). 3687 patients in the study were classified as follows: A 2175, B
      885 and C 627. The first part of the results concerned the differences in
      intensive care groups. Inputs, processes and outcome were very different in the
      three groups, particularly in group C (elective) where the therapeutic level was
      higher for low SAPS and mortality lower for high SAPS. The second part of the
      results concerned the differences between intensive care units. In intermediate
      units the patients were older, less severely ill and mainly medical. Surgical
      patients had a better previous health status, were younger and were scheduled in
      40% of cases. TISS points were higher, there was a higher rate of ventilated
      patients and patients with pulmonary artery lines on the first day. Results in
      specialized units depended mainly on the intensive care groups.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381079
TI  - [Model of a prospective follow-up study of patients managed in intensive care].
AB  - For ethical and economic reasons, follow-up--especially after intensive care--is
      important as a form of quality control which could serve as a basis for more
      differentiated indications for patient admission. A follow-up model, involving
      questionnaires 3 months, 1 year and 3 years after intensive care, and preliminary
      results of patients in 1985 are presented. Only a few patients described their
      present health situation as bad, but unstable situations showed little
      improvement between 3 months and 1 year after intensive care. There was a rather
      high percentage of rehospitalization and/or need for continued medical care. Only
      10% of respondent patients were unable to work 1 year after intensive care, and
      12% still depended on help from others. 15-35% described their quality of life as
      restricted; only 4% had negative memories of intensive care (fear, pain), and
      only 0.6% of respondent patients thought their previous admission to the
      intensive care unit had been a wrong decision.

PMID- 3381080
TI  - [Activities of intensive care units in 1986].
AB  - Based on a yearly evaluation carried out by the Swiss Society for Intensive Care
      Medicine and the Swiss Nurses Association, statistical reports for 1986 from 72
      recognized intensive care units are presented.

PMID- 3381081
TI  - Cadmium levels in Ontario moose and deer in relation to soil sensitivity to acid
      precipitation.
AB  - This study examines the influence of buffering capacity of the soil on the levels
      of cadmium in the kidney, liver and muscle of moose and white-tailed deer from
      nine sampling sites (four buffered and five non-buffered) in Ontario, Canada.
      Tissues collected from hunter-killed moose and deer during 1984 and 1985 were
      analysed for cadmium. Tissue from moose in the non-buffered Algonquin Park site
      (21.9 +/- 1.1 mg/kg wet weight) and the buffered St. Joseph Island site (12.7 +/-
      3.2 mg kg-1) had the highest mean levels of kidney cadmium compared with other
      sites sampled in Ontario. The highest mean levels of kidney cadmium in deer were
      found in the non-buffered Loring site (15.1 +/- 0.8 mg kg-1) adjacent to
      Algonquin. From all sites, the level of cadmium was highest in kidney, lower in
      liver and was often undetectable in muscle. Cadmium level increased with animal
      age (p less than 0.05). Levels of cadmium in Ontario moose from some regions are
      comparable to those found in Quebec and Manitoba and are considerably higher than
      those of Maine and Scandinavia. Levels of cadmium in kidneys and livers of white
      tailed deer in parts of Ontario are considerably lower than those in
      Pennsylvania. As a result of this study, the Ontario Ministry of Natural
      Resources, in consultation with the Ontario Ministry of Health, has recommended
      that the public not consume kidneys or livers of Ontario moose and deer.

PMID- 3381082
TI  - Application of linear regressions to the comparison of analytical procedures for
      the determination of SO2 in ambient air.
AB  - Three commonly used analytical methods for the determination of SO2 in ambient
      air were compared during 10 months at six different sites. The acidimetric
      method, used in the Sulfur-Black Smoke network, and the FPD method, used in the
      Belgian Automatic Network for Air Pollution, were compared with the TCM reference
      method. Several regression methods were used to calculate the relationships
      between the daily averages obtained by the three measuring techniques. Knowledge
      of the relative importance of the errors on the different sets of data was a
      determining factor for the selection of the most suitable regression method. The
      results show good agreement between the three methods during the field-test
      period.

PMID- 3381083
TI  - A pilot study of the diagnostic validity of urinary thioether excretion in
      occupational medicine.

PMID- 3381084
TI  - Cystic fibrosis research.

PMID- 3381085
TI  - Flying blind in the war on drugs.

PMID- 3381086
TI  - Amino acid preferences for specific locations at the ends of alpha helices.
AB  - A definition based on alpha-carbon positions and a sample of 215 alpha helices
      from 45 different globular protein structures were used to tabulate amino acid
      preferences for 16 individual positions relative to the helix ends. The interface
      residue, which is half in and half out of the helix, is called the N-cap or C
      cap, whichever is appropriate. The results confirm earlier observations, such as
      asymmetrical charge distributions in the first and last helical turn, but several
      new, sharp preferences are found as well. The most striking of these are a 3.5:1
      preference for Asn at the N-cap position, and a preference of 2.6:1 for Pro at N
      cap + 1. The C-cap position is overwhelmingly dominated by Gly, which ends 34
      percent of the helices. Hydrophobic residues peak at positions N-cap + 4 and C
      cap - 4.

PMID- 3381087
TI  - Blockage of ovulation by an angiotensin antagonist.
AB  - Angiotensin II (Ang II) is present in high concentrations in preovulatory
      follicular fluid, and ovarian follicular cells have specific Ang II receptors. To
      investigate the possible direct involvement of Ang II in ovulation the specific
      receptor antagonist of Ang II, saralasin, was administered by intraperitoneal
      injection to immature rats in which follide development and ovulation had been
      induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic
      gonadotrophin (hCG), respectively. Saralasin halved the number of oocytes found
      in the fallopian tubes 17 to 20 hours after administration of hCG. The
      antiovulatory effect was observed when saralasin was given 1 hour before hCG or 1
      or 3 hours after hCG but not when given 5 hours after hCG. Simultaneous
      administration of Ang II reversed the saralasin blockage of ovulation. These
      results indicate a direct, obligate role for Ang II in ovulation and raise the
      possibility of contraceptive and profertility applications for agonists or
      antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system that are aimed at the ovulatory
      process.

PMID- 3381088
TI  - Kin selection and the evolution of monogamy.
AB  - A two-locus genetic model is studied in which one locus controls the tendency of
      individuals to act altruistically toward siblings and the other locus controls
      the mating habits of females. It is demonstrated that genetic variation at the
      altruism locus is often sufficient to induce an increase in the frequency of
      genes that cause females to produce all of their offspring with a single mate.
      This occurs because of nonrandom associations that develop between genes that
      cause altruism and those that affect female mating behavior. The results provide
      a new explanation for the evolution of monogamy, and they suggest a previously
      unexplored mechanism for the evolution of a variety of other behavioral traits as
      well.

PMID- 3381089
TI  - Zombification.

PMID- 3381090
TI  - Tighter ozone standard urged by scientists.

PMID- 3381091
TI  - Congress probes drug probe at Livermore Lab.

PMID- 3381092
TI  - Acid aerosols called health hazard.

PMID- 3381093
TI  - Go-ahead for gene sequencing venture.

PMID- 3381094
TI  - Senate passes genome bill.

PMID- 3381095
TI  - Drugs: running the numbers.

PMID- 3381096
TI  - New rules for drug dependence.

PMID- 3381097
TI  - Zipping up DNA binding proteins.

PMID- 3381098
TI  - Stress proteins: are links in disease.

PMID- 3381099
TI  - A specific amino acid binding site composed of RNA.
AB  - A specific, reversible binding site for a free amino acid is detectable on the
      intron of the Tetrahymena self-splicing ribosomal precursor RNA. The site selects
      arginine among the natural amino acids, and prefers the L- to the D-amino acid.
      The dissociation constant is in the millimolar range, and amino acid binding is
      at or in the catalytic rG splicing substrate site. Occupation of the G site by L
      arginine therefore inhibits splicing by inhibiting the binding of rG, without
      inhibition of later reactions in the splicing reaction sequence. Arginine binding
      specificity seems to be directed at the side chain and the guanidino radical, and
      the alpha-amino and carboxyl groups are dispensable for binding. The arginine
      site can be placed within the G site by structural homology, with consequent
      implications for RNA-amino acid interaction, for the origin of the genetic code,
      for control of RNA activities, and for further catalytic capabilities for RNA.

PMID- 3381100
TI  - Regeneration of sensory hair cells after acoustic trauma.
AB  - Any loss of cochlear hair cells has been presumed to result in a permanent
      hearing deficit because the production of these cells normally ceases before
      birth. However, after acoustic trauma, injured sensory cells in the mature
      cochlea of the chicken are replaced. New cells appear to be produced by mitosis
      of supporting cells that survive at the lesion site and do not divide in the
      absence of trauma. This trauma-induced division of normally postmitotic cells may
      lead to recovery from profound hearing loss.

PMID- 3381101
TI  - Hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma in adult Coturnix quail.
AB  - Recovery of hair cells was studied at various times after acoustic trauma in
      adult quail. An initial loss of hair cells recovered to within 5 percent of the
      original number of cells. Tritium-labeled thymidine was injected after this
      acoustic trauma to determine if mitosis played a role in recovery of hair cells.
      Within 10 days of acoustic trauma, incorporation of [3H]thymidine was seen over
      the nuclei of hair cells and supporting cells in the region of initial hair cell
      loss. Thus, hair cell regeneration can occur after embryonic terminal mitosis.

PMID- 3381102
TI  - Restricted lateral diffusion of PH-20, a PI-anchored sperm membrane protein.
AB  - The rate of lateral diffusion of integral membrane proteins is constrained in
      cells, but the constraining factors for most membrane proteins have not been
      defined. PH-20, a sperm surface protein involved in sperm-egg adhesion, was shown
      to be anchored in the plasma membrane by attachment to the lipid
      phosphatidylinositol and to have a diffusion rate that is highly restricted on
      testicular sperm, being more than a thousand times slower than lipid diffusion.
      These results support the hypothesis that lateral mobility of a membrane protein
      can be regulated exclusively by interactions of its ectodomain.

PMID- 3381104
TI  - Prognostic implications of the International Staging System for Lung Cancer.

PMID- 3381103
TI  - Neuroregulatory and neuropathological actions of the ether-phospholipid platelet
      activating factor.
AB  - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that
      serves as a critical mediator in diverse biological and pathophysiological
      processes. In this study of the interactions of PAF with neuronal cells, it was
      found that PAF increased the intracellular levels of free calcium ions in cells
      of the clones NG108-15 and PC12. The increase was dependent on extracellular
      calcium and was inhibited by the antagonistic PAF analog CV-3988 and by the
      calcium-influx blockers prenylamine and diltiazem. A functional consequence of
      this interaction was revealed by measuring a PAF-elicited, Ca2+-dependent
      secretion of adenosine triphosphate from PC12 cells. Exposure of NG108-15 cells
      for 3 to 4 days to low concentrations of PAF induced neuronal differentiation;
      higher concentrations were neurotoxic. Thus, by influencing Ca2+ fluxes, PAF may
      play a physiological role in neuronal development and a pathophysiological role
      in the degeneration that occurs when neurons are exposed to circulatory factors
      as a result of trauma, stroke, or spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3381105
TI  - [Drugs for acute migraine crisis (derivatives of rye ergot)].

PMID- 3381106
TI  - [Beginnings of schizophrenia].

PMID- 3381107
TI  - [Psychogenesis of schizophrenia. Hypotheses. Personality development and the
      schizophrenic process].

PMID- 3381108
TI  - [Psychogenesis of schizophrenia. Contributions of anti-psychiatry].

PMID- 3381109
TI  - [The family of the schizophrenic].

PMID- 3381110
TI  - [Psychotherapy of schizophrenia].

PMID- 3381111
TI  - [Social treatment of schizophrenics].

PMID- 3381112
TI  - [Respiration and imagination].

PMID- 3381113
TI  - [Bodily complaints of the aged].

PMID- 3381114
TI  - [Schizophrenia, a frequent affection].

PMID- 3381115
TI  - The Rockefeller Archive Center.

PMID- 3381116
TI  - The Center for the Study of the History of Nursing.

PMID- 3381117
TI  - Herniated nucleus pulposus in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. A case
      report.

PMID- 3381118
TI  - Paraplegia due to vertebral hemangioma during pregnancy. A case report.

PMID- 3381119
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile. A case report and review
      of the literature.

PMID- 3381120
TI  - A case of cervical spondylolysis causing tetraplegia.

PMID- 3381122
TI  - Cervical facet asymmetry simulating facet dislocation. A case report.

PMID- 3381121
TI  - Sleep apnea syndrome after spinal cord injury. Report of a case and literature
      review.

PMID- 3381123
TI  - Atlantoaxial subluxation in Reiter's syndrome. A report of three cases and review
      of the literature.
AB  - Three patients with the unusual manifestation of atlantoaxial subluxation in
      Reiter's syndrome are studied. Each patient had mild symptoms referable to the
      cervical spine and radiologic evidence of erosive disease elsewhere in the
      skeleton. One patient had an 11-year history of Reiter's syndrome when the
      atlantoaxial subluxation was detected. The other two had atlantoaxial subluxation
      detected within 1 year of initial presentation, at variance with three other such
      patients that were reported previously, in whom there was a 6- to 10-year
      interval from initial presentation until radiographic documentation of
      atlantoaxial subluxation. Cervical spine radiographs, including flexion and
      extension views, are recommended for all patients with Reiter's syndrome and
      cervical spine symptoms.

PMID- 3381124
TI  - Epidural morphine for control of postoperative laminectomy pain.

PMID- 3381125
TI  - Osteolytic monostotic Paget's disease of the axis. A case report.

PMID- 3381126
TI  - Pagetic spinal stenosis with extradural pagetoid ossification. A case report.

PMID- 3381127
TI  - DISH: a cause of anterior cervical osteophyte-induced dysphagia.

PMID- 3381128
TI  - Nerve root ablation in association with degenerative spondylolisthesis. A case
      report.

PMID- 3381129
TI  - A 17% prevalence of anaphylaxis during chemonucleolysis among 35 patients who
      underwent a repeat chemonucleolysis procedure.

PMID- 3381130
TI  - Upper cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3381131
TI  - Experimental study on acute aggravating factors of cervical spondylotic
      myelopathy.
AB  - Systemic arterial hypotension, systemic arterial hypertension, cervical
      hyperflexion, cervical hyperextension, and cervical instability were induced in
      experimental animal with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and their effects on
      spinal cord pathology were investigated. An experimental animal model of cervical
      spondylotic myelopathy was produced by combining anterior cervical cord
      compression with occlusion of the cervical vertebral arteries in dogs. Spinal
      cord pathology at the site of compression was characteristically different and
      depended on the type of load; that is, peripheral necrosis of the central gray
      matter in systemic hypotension, capillary congestion and subarachnoid hemorrhage
      in systemic hypertension, and linear necrosis of the transversely elongated
      central gray matter combined with occluded anterior spinal artery in cervical
      hyperflexion, and the pathologic severity was proportional to the number of
      loadings. This study suggests that cervical spondylotic myelopathy might progress
      stepwise rather than linearly when these aggravating factors are loaded.

PMID- 3381132
TI  - The innervation of the cervical intervertebral discs.
AB  - Microdissection and histologic studies were undertaken to determine the
      innervation of the cervical intervertebral discs. The cervical sinuvertebral
      nerves were found to have an upward course in the vertebral canal, supplying the
      disc at their level of entry and the disc above. Branches of the vertebral nerve
      supplied the lateral aspects of the cervical discs. Histologic studies of discs
      obtained at operation showed the presence of nerve fibers as deeply as the outer
      third of the anulus fibrosus. These anatomic findings provide the hitherto
      missing substrate for primary disc pain and the pain of provocation discography.

PMID- 3381133
TI  - Stages in the natural history of the vertebral end-plates.
AB  - Four hundred and fifty skeletons were examined, and age changes in the bony
      vertebral end-plates were grouped into six categories. The predominant patterns
      of each phase from infancy to senescence are presented. The formation of ridges
      and sulci that form peripherally are similar to those appearing in other
      epiphyses and may provide translational stability. When osteophytes appear with
      maturation, they are separated from the fused ring apophysis by a distinct
      sulcus.

PMID- 3381134
TI  - Morphometry of the thoracic and lumbar spine related to transpedicular screw
      placement for surgical spinal fixation.
AB  - Vertebral transpedicular screws provide secure attachment for posterior spinal
      fixation devices. Screw design details, biomechanics, and implantation safety
      depend upon anatomic constraints, especially from the pedicle and body. Previous
      morphometric data were limited; thus, a retrospective study was undertaken using
      computerized axial tomograms (CT) of 91 vertebrae (T9-L5). In addition, eight
      cadaver vertebrae were CT scanned and then cut transversely to compare x-ray
      measurements with direct physical measurements. Measured parameters included
      pedicle width, pedicle length, angle of pedicle axis to sagittal plane, and
      transpedicular cortex-to-cortex chord length. Good correlation is shown to occur
      between CT scan and direct physical measurements of human vertebrae. Implications
      for spinal implant screw dimensions and safety of implantation are discussed.
      Comparison with previously available data is made.

PMID- 3381135
TI  - Thoracolumbar "burst" fractures treated conservatively: a long-term follow-up.
AB  - This report addresses the long-term results of nonoperative treatment for
      fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Forty-two patients meeting specified
      inclusion criteria were contacted and completed questionnaires. In all cases,
      nonoperative treatment was the only treatment received. The average time from
      injury to follow-up was 20.2 years (range, 11 to 55 years). The average age at
      follow-up was 43 years (range, 28 to 70 years). There were 31 men and 11 women in
      this series. Seventy-one percent of the injuries were the result of motor vehicle
      accidents. The most common sites of injury were T12-L2, which accounted for 64%
      of the injuries. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had no neurologic deficits
      at the time of injury. At follow-up, the average back pain score was 3.5, with 0
      being no pain at all and 10 being very severe pain. No patient demonstrated a
      decrease in their neurologic status at follow-up, and no patient required
      narcotic medication for pain control. Eighty-eight percent of patients were able
      to work at their usual level of activity. Follow-up radiographs revealed an
      average kyphosis angle of 26.4 degrees in flexion and 16.8 degrees in extension.
      The degree of kyphosis did not correlate with pain or function at follow-up.
      Based on this review, nonoperative treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures
      remains as a viable alternative in patients without neurologic deficit and can
      lead to acceptable long-term results.

PMID- 3381136
TI  - Calculated thoracic volume as related to parameters of scoliosis correction.
AB  - The parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction (longitudinal height
      gain, coronal and sagittal plane changes) that correlate most closely with an
      increase in thoracic volume are reported. With pre- and postoperative radiographs
      of matched patients having straight Harrington distraction rods and contoured
      Luque rods, coordinates were digitized and the change in thoracic volume was
      calculated in ten subjects undergoing surgery for right thoracic curves. An
      increase in volume (7% increase in Harrington rod and 16% among Luque rod
      patients) was most closely correlated with a change in thoracic kyphosis toward
      physiologic ranges.

PMID- 3381137
TI  - Vascular complications associated with osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis: a
      report of two cases.
AB  - Major vascular trauma is a much considered complication of lumbar extension
      osteotomy in ankylosing spondylitis. It has, however, only been reported twice in
      the literature. This paper analyzes in detail two additional cases and makes
      certain recommendations based on the findings.

PMID- 3381138
TI  - Echinococcal infection of the spine with neural involvement.
AB  - Hydatid disease due to Taenia echinococcus involves bone in about 1% of all
      cases. The spine is involved in about 50% of cases. Neural compression is common
      in the form of paraplegia or nerve root compression. The prognosis with spinal
      involvement is generally regarded as very poor and often likened to that of
      spinal cancer. Four cases of spinal hydatid with neural involvement are
      presented. Three were treated by anterior spinal decompression and all four were
      treated with mebendazole. The results show good neural recovery and it is
      concluded that the prognosis is not as dismal as it was formerly thought to be.

PMID- 3381139
TI  - Repeatability of four clinical methods for assessment of lumbar spinal motion.
AB  - Spinal motion usually is recorded from subjective observation of the fully flexed
      trunk using a goniometer or the distance from the fingertips to the floor. To
      quantify functional improvement in the low-back pain patient, the repeatability
      of four clinical techniques was studied: the common fingertip-to-floor distance;
      the modified Schober; the two-inclinometer method, and a photometric technique.
      Ten normal subjects (five men, five women), ages 24 to 34 years old, were
      examined in full flexion, full extension, and the erect position, both standing
      and sitting. Repeatability was poor for the fingertip-to-floor method in all
      postures and for the two-inclinometer method in full flexion. Although other
      methods for various postures had good repeatability, the modified Schober method
      of determining lumbar spinal motion was the most repeatable and is recommended
      for a routine, noninvasive, clinical evaluation of lumbar spinal motion.

PMID- 3381140
TI  - Isokinetic trunk and lifting strength measurements: variability as an indicator
      of effort.
AB  - This study examines the hypothesis that force/distance curve variability
      distinguishes submaximal from maximal efforts in isokinetic trunk and lifting
      strength tests. Thirty normal subjects were tested on the Cybex Trunk
      Extension/Flexion (TEF) and Liftask (LT) machines during maximal (100%) and
      submaximal (50%) efforts. Considering each test separately, visual assessments of
      curve variability were indeterminate of degree of effort in 28% of TEF and 34% of
      LT tests. Measurement models of curve variability were more clearly
      discriminating. When a given subject's test curves were considered together,
      scaled visual assessments identified the degree of effort in 91% of TEF and 86%
      of LT results. The measurement models were accurate 90-92% of TEF and 79-92% of
      LT results. Clinical judgment is required in evaluating effort during tests of
      isokinetic trunk and lifting strength.

PMID- 3381141
TI  - The lumbar facet syndrome.
AB  - A clinical study was undertaken to formulate better criteria for accurate
      diagnosis of the lumbar facet syndrome and for predicting treatment response to
      facet joint injection. Twenty-two consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis
      of lumbar facet syndrome, made by conventional diagnostic criteria, who were then
      treated with facet joint injection, were reviewed for their treatment responses.
      New diagnostic criteria were formulated based on a scoring system derived from
      the values observed in this review study. The scoring system has a total of 100
      points, allocated as follows: back pain associated with groin or thigh pain, 30
      points; well-localized paraspinal tenderness, 20 points; reproduction of pain
      with extension-rotation, 30 points; corresponding radiographic changes, 20
      points; and pain below the knee, -10 points. A score of 60 points or more
      indicates a very high probability of satisfactory response to facet joint
      injection (100% prolonged response in this study). When only the conventional
      criteria were used, the overall results of prolonged relief of pain after facet
      joint injection was 50%. A "scorecard" system is proposed that may give a higher
      degree of diagnostic accuracy and predictability of successful response to facet
      joint injection.

PMID- 3381142
TI  - Spinal imaging: will MRI replace myelography?
AB  - A retrospective study on the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in
      replacing contrast studies of the lumbar spine has been undertaken. Studying pre-
      and postoperative conditions, the authors attempted to answer the question, Will
      MRI replace myelography? In this retrospective study, comparison is made in 20
      patients between MRI and myelography and with 12 intra-operative findings. The
      overall impression was that MRI is equally sensitive as the invasive myelogram in
      diagnosing both protruded lumbar discs and postoperative fibrosis. The practical
      conclusion was an almost complete abandonment of myelography.

PMID- 3381143
TI  - Three-dimensional computed tomography and multiplanar reformations in the
      assessment of pseudarthrosis in posterior lumbar fusion patients.
AB  - Three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions and multiplanar computed
      tomography (CT) reformations were obtained in 30 patients with clinically
      suspected spinal fusion pseudarthrosis. The imaging studies were blind-reviewed
      and the results were compared with the clinical and surgical findings. Sagittal,
      planar, and curved coronal two-dimensional (2-D) reformations were more useful in
      the detection of bony nonunion than were axial CT scans, as the latter required
      more extensive analysis. Three-dimensional surface "cuts" adequately demonstrated
      pseudarthrosis in most cases. In some instances, however, segmentation artifacts
      created artifactual clefts or implied solidity, which contrasted with the
      interpretation of the 2-D images. Sagittal 3-D cuts were helpful in demonstrating
      bony central and lateral stenosis. Three-dimensional surface reconstructions
      demonstrated superficial clefts and outlined the complex anatomy of the spinal
      fusions, thus facilitating pre- and intraoperative planning. The amount of bone
      stock available for pseudarthrosis repair at the fusion site and the need for
      additional harvesting of bone from the iliac crest also could be assessed easily.
      3-D CT proved to be useful as an adjunctive imaging method in the evaluation of
      posterior lumbar fusion patients suspected of pseudarthrosis.

PMID- 3381144
TI  - Does the MMPI predict chemonucleolysis outcome?
AB  - Ninety-one patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated by chemonucleolysis
      with intradiscal chymopapain injection and evaluated at least 1 year after
      surgery (average, 18 months). There were 54 good, 10 fair, and 27 poor results
      after chemonucleolysis. Good versus fair/poor outcome groups differed
      preoperatively on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
      Hypochondriasis (Hs), Hysteria (Hy), Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Paranoia (Pa),
      Hypomania (Ma), and Social Introversion (Si) scales. Presence of compensation
      issues at the time of surgery was significantly related to outcome, and the MMPI
      scales provided additional predictive power. Nineteen patients who did not show
      improvement with chemonucleolysis subsequently underwent lumbar laminectomy and
      discectomy, and the ultimate outcome for the entire series including these
      laminectomy patients was 66 good, 10 fair, and 15 poor results. Good versus
      fair/poor ultimate outcome patients differed significantly on preoperative MMPI
      Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Paranoia, Psychasthenia,
      Schizophrenia, Hypomania, and Social Introversion scales. After controlling for
      the effects of compensation issues, MMPI scales added significantly to the
      ability to predict ultimate surgical outcome. However, the MMPI could not be used
      with confidence to predict the outcome for a given patient and should serve only
      to alert the surgeon to the presence of psychological risk factors and the
      possible need for referral for psychological evaluation and treatment.

PMID- 3381145
TI  - Duration of symptoms and disc configuration in chemonucleolysis.
AB  - Previous studies have compared the effectiveness of chemonucleolysis with
      surgery, but currently, no objective criteria have been correlated with the
      clinical outcome. The authors reviewed 28 cases where the patients had undergone
      chymopapain injection to determine the significance of disc herniation size, disc
      space height reduction, and the duration of symptoms on clinical outcome. All
      patients had a complete history, physical examination, and discogram, and most
      had pre- and post-injection computerized tomography (CT) or myelogram. Nine of
      the 28 patients were considered clinical failures. Seven underwent laminectomy
      and discectomy and were improved markedly. Two patients were advised to have
      surgery but refused and were considered clinical failures. The causes of failure
      were unknown in three patients, free fragment in two patients, and diabetic
      neuropathy in one. Only two patients who did well showed complete resolution of
      the disc deformity on repeat CT scan. The remainder still had evidence of an
      avascular deformity that persisted although reduced in size. The failures showed
      no changes in disc size. The height of the disc space was too variable to be
      correlated with clinical outcome. Patients who failed had a longer duration of
      symptoms than the ones who did well (15.1 months for failures vs. 5 months).
      Therefore, some reduction of disc deformity size, but not necessarily complete
      reduction, is necessary for a good result, and the enzyme is not as effective in
      patients with long-standing symptoms.

PMID- 3381146
TI  - Biomechanical evaluation of the extensor musculature of the cervical spine.
AB  - Dissection of the musculature in the cervical spines of four cadavers indicated
      that the semispinalis cervicis and capitis muscles appeared to be the muscles
      primarily responsible for extension of the cervical spine and head. The minimum
      force needed to balance a biomechanical model of the cervical spine in the
      neutral prone position against gravity measured 14.38 kg. The values obtained
      with this model, with roentgenograms of the cervical spine, and vector analysis
      were close enough to establish that the model is apparently valid for studying
      the extensor musculature of the cervical spine. Because the extensors appear to
      generate considerable force and may act as significant dynamic stabilizers of the
      cervical spine, the authors have altered their posterior surgical approach to
      minimize disruption of the extensor musculature.

PMID- 3381147
TI  - Discitis following lumbar surgery.
AB  - Although well described in the orthopaedic literature and some orthopaedic
      textbooks, postoperative discitis is regularly missed or diagnosed late. Six
      cases of discitis were studied in detail with special reference to the clinical
      presentation. All patients with discitis had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      (ESR) greater than 50 at 2 or more weeks after surgery. A prospective study of 26
      patients undergoing uncomplicated discectomy or fusion was made. ESRs were
      measured preoperatively and at 1,2, and 6 weeks after operation. Any patient with
      increasing back pain and an ESR greater than 52 or more weeks after surgery
      should be considered to have discitis until proven otherwise. If the ESR is
      measured routinely preoperatively and at 2 weeks postoperatively, this condition
      should not be missed.

PMID- 3381148
TI  - Cholesterol guidelines for South Africa.

PMID- 3381149
TI  - The treatment of infective endocarditis.

PMID- 3381150
TI  - Why is tetanus still with us?

PMID- 3381151
TI  - Action limits for serum total cholesterol. A statement for the medical profession
      by an ad hoc committee of the Heart Foundation of Southern Africa.
AB  - Hypercholesterolaemia is common in many segments of the South African population,
      both by virtue of high mean population serum total cholesterol (TC) values and of
      a high prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Age-specific action
      limits for TC are proposed in order to remove the variation in 'normal values'
      used by different laboratories. The action limits are derived from
      epidemiological studies rather than purely statistical norms. They are used to
      designate individuals as falling into high, moderate and ideal TC ranges. The
      high-risk action limit has also proved to be useful for screening for FH. After
      an initial screening TC estimation, the further management of a patient will
      depend on the TC risk category and the presence or absence of other risk factors.
      Risk factors such as hypertension, a smoking habit, a low high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol value, diabetes, evidence of existing coronary heart
      disease (CHD) or a family history of premature CHD multiply the risk conferred by
      elevated TC, and change the moderate-risk status of an individual with moderately
      elevated TC to a high-risk status. Intensity of investigation, treatment and
      follow-up depend on the overall risk status of an individual patient. Drug
      therapy is reserved for high-risk patients who have not responded to a reasonable
      trial of non-drug measures. Other reversible risk factors are treated in their
      own right. The guidelines embodied in this report are intended to facilitate and
      justify the clinical approach to individual patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
      They do not replace the need for a population strategy to reduce risk factors in
      the general population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381152
TI  - Hypercholesterolaemia in a group of senior South African Transport Services
      employees.
AB  - The lipid profiles of 104 volunteer senior South African Transport Service (SATS)
      personnel showed that all volunteers had some lipid abnormality, which increased
      their risk for coronary heart disease. All participants received a single
      counselling interview with a nursing sister on a lipid-lowering lifestyle.
      Retesting after 3-4 months of 91 participants revealed that this group had
      lowered their mean total serum cholesterol value significantly. Twenty-one per
      cent of the participants had normalised their lipid profiles and the prevalence
      of hypercholesterolaemia, defined in a number of ways, was reduced, as was the
      number of possible familial hypercholesterolaemic patients, by 60%. Participants
      who complied with the dietary recommendations strictly reduced their cholesterol
      levels significantly, while those who did not were less successful in lowering
      their serum cholesterol levels. Screening and a single intervention counselling
      interview improved the coronary risk factor profile of this group of senior SATS
      personnel.

PMID- 3381153
TI  - Silicosis in non-mining industry on the Witwatersrand.
AB  - Silicosis outside the mines in South Africa has received little legislative or
      public attention. Between 1972 and 1986 217 such cases were seen at the National
      Centre for Occupational Health clinic, including 46 cases of progressive massive
      fibrosis. The relatively high proportion of cases of progressive massive fibrosis
      (21%), of patients less than or equal to 40 years at diagnosis (21% of blacks)
      and with exposures of less than or equal to 10 years (18%) indicate high silica
      exposures in industry. Four industries accounted for 83% of the cases--foundries,
      ceramics factories, refractories, and ore and stone crushing. Radiologically,
      readings of a mixture of rounded and irregular opacities were not uncommon (14%).
      Lymphadenopathy was very uncommon (less than 1%), while pleural thickening other
      than loss of the costophrenic angle was absent. Prevalences of symptoms, signs
      and lung function abnormality were high, probably owing to a range of factors
      other than silicosis. Cases of progressive massive fibrosis had significantly
      higher prevalences of these clinical abnormalities. When two separate lung
      function prediction equations were applied to the observed values in these cases,
      the number that met criteria for 'abnormality' differed. This finding has
      important implications for compensation. Recommendations include control of
      silica-using industries and careful occupational history-taking by clinicians.

PMID- 3381154
TI  - High-dose oral amoxycillin in the treatment of infective endocarditis.
AB  - Oral antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis is not yet widely accepted. A
      study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of oral amoxycillin in this
      condition. Fifteen patients were treated with high-dose oral amoxycillin for 6
      weeks. Twelve responded to treatment and remain well at 3 years. There were 3
      deaths--1 at day 7 due to sudden aortic cusp rupture, and 2 late deaths due to
      pulmonary and cerebral embolism respectively. There was 1 relapse of
      streptococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis 8 weeks after oral treatment, but
      this responded to conventional intravenous therapy. Oral amoxycillin is effective
      in uncomplicated streptococcal endocarditis, and should not be used with
      prosthetic valve infections.

PMID- 3381155
TI  - Staging of endometrial cancer by hysteroscopy.
AB  - Twenty-four consecutive patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma were staged pre
      operatively by hysteroscopy and by fractional dilatation and curettage (D & C) to
      evaluate the accuracy of each method in differentiating between International
      Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage I and II cancer. Hysteroscopic
      staging was correct in 16 patients (69.6%) and incorrect in 7 (30.4%). In 1
      additional patient hysteroscopy failed to diagnose the endometrial cancer. D & C
      staged 16 patients correctly (66.7%) and 8 incorrectly (33.3%). Where the
      hysteroscopic and D & C stagings correlated, the staging was correct in 16
      patients (75%) and incorrect in 4 (25%). Therefore hysteroscopy and D & C are of
      similar value in the pre-operative staging of endometrial adenocarcinoma and
      their combined use has a slight advantage.

PMID- 3381156
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia in a black adolescent. A case report.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia is a rare genetic abnormality which presents in the peri
      anaesthetic period with tachycardia, hyperventilation, hyperthermia and acidosis.
      Untreated, the mortality rate is in excess of 80%. This syndrome is much less
      common in blacks than whites. A case of malignant hyperthermia in a black South
      African, in whom the reaction only became evident in the postoperative period, is
      reported. The case also presents several other unusual features.

PMID- 3381157
TI  - Vertebral cysticercosis. A case report.
AB  - Cysticercosis is a well-known condition in man, affecting the brain and
      neuromuscular tissue. Bony involvement is very rare. Our patient presented with
      destruction of the 11th thoracic vertebra and paraplegia. The diagnosis was
      confirmed on histological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

PMID- 3381158
TI  - Apartheid and health services.

PMID- 3381159
TI  - An emergency laryngoscope (that works) for R35.

PMID- 3381160
TI  - [Evaluation of the Sysmex E-4000 autoanalyser at a university hospital].

PMID- 3381161
TI  - [Polymorphism of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Costa Rica].

PMID- 3381162
TI  - [Effect of a leukocyte medium conditioned with PHA on the proliferation and
      differentiation of leukemic cells].

PMID- 3381163
TI  - [Erythrocyte parameters and puberal development].

PMID- 3381164
TI  - [An autotransfusion program in orthopedic surgery].

PMID- 3381166
TI  - [Tumor lysis syndrome in refractory Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 3381165
TI  - [Erythropoietic-stimulating activity of plasma produced by carbon monoxide in
      anephric mice].

PMID- 3381168
TI  - [Apropos of "Long live the significant correlation"].

PMID- 3381167
TI  - [Acute leukemia and pregnancy].

PMID- 3381170
TI  - [Mexican Group for the Study of the Blood. 28th annual meeting. Puebla, Pue.
      (Mexico), 7-11 November 1987. Abstracts].

PMID- 3381169
TI  - [Hemoglobin H disease and refractory anemia].

PMID- 3381171
TI  - [Diversified dietetic foods for children].

PMID- 3381172
TI  - [Agenesis of the upper extremities].

PMID- 3381173
TI  - [Malformations of the lower extremities].

PMID- 3381174
TI  - [Associated malformations of the upper and lower extremities].

PMID- 3381175
TI  - [Multidisciplinary care].

PMID- 3381176
TI  - [The outer ear. Hygiene and pathology].

PMID- 3381177
TI  - [Epidemiology of congenital malformations of children's extremities].

PMID- 3381178
TI  - [The detection of congenital malformations of children's extremities].

PMID- 3381179
TI  - Computed tomography diagnosis of venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and
      pelvis with contrast material.
AB  - Venography using the combination of contrast material given intravenously in a
      vein in the arm and computed tomography scans allow the accurate diagnosis of
      deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and pelvis. The advantages of this
      method included actual visualization of the clot in the lumen of the vein, a more
      precise evaluation of the upper part of the thigh and pelvic area and the
      demonstration of adjacent abnormalities, which may contribute to the development
      of the thrombus. The opposite extremity is visualized at the same time for
      comparison of the venous systems and the associated muscle and limb swelling of
      the thrombosed side. There is less pain and risk of serious skin extravasation
      with contrast material given intravenously in the arm compared with the standard
      method for venogram using a foot vein. Repeat tests can be easily performed for
      follow-up studies after thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 3381180
TI  - Injury to the ureter during gynecologic surgical procedures.
AB  - This retrospective study examined ureteral injuries during gynecologic operations
      from January 1980 to August 1985. The study was conducted at two private
      hospitals that are involved in resident teaching programs. Each patient was
      reviewed for predisposing factors, location and type of injury and time and
      method of recognition. Sixteen injuries were documented in 1,093 extensive
      procedures. Twelve injuries occurred at the pelvic brim and four others occurred
      elsewhere in the pelvis. Risk factors included previous surgical procedures in
      the pelvis, endometriosis, ovarian neoplasm, pelvic adhesions, distorted anatomic
      features of the pelvis and repair of the bladder. The anatomic structure of the
      ureter is reviewed, and recommendations are made to help prevent ureteral injury
      during surgical procedures in the pelvis.

PMID- 3381181
TI  - Factors affecting mortality in transduodenal sphincteroplasty.
AB  - An analysis of 1,200 consecutive transduodenal sphincterotomies performed between
      1967 and 1985 is presented herein. The over-all mortality rate was 3.75 per cent.
      Since 1980, however, the mortality rate has decreased to 2.1 per cent. The
      mortality rate was influenced by the age of the patient at the time of the
      operation (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, the mortality rate increased from
      decade to decade (less than 30 years, zero per cent; greater than 70 years, 6 per
      cent). The operative mortality rate was also influenced by general risk factors-
      hypertony (mortality rate of 5.8 per cent, not significant), diabetes (mortality
      rate of 6.5 per cent, p congruent to 0.05), renal failure (15.5 per cent, p less
      than 0.005), jaundice (bilirubin level in survivors, 78.3 micromoles per liter
      and in those who died, 120.4 micromoles per liter, p less than 0.005) and vital
      indication (mortality rate of 15 per cent, p less than 0.01). Although the
      indication for sphincterotomy had a small influence on the mortality (papilla
      stenosis without bile duct stones, 1.7 per cent; papilla stenosis with common
      duct stones, 3.6 per cent, and impacted stones in the papilla, 5.0 per cent),
      these small differences are not significant. A significant influence, however,
      was due to complicating intraoperative findings, such as bilioenteral fistulas (a
      mortality rate of 10.8 per cent, p less than 0.0005). The fact that the mortality
      rate increased in patients with T-tube insertion shows that operative problems
      and complications influence the mortality rate for sphincterotomy. From these
      results, we concluded that, in the aforementioned risk groups, a preoperative
      endoscopic sphincterotomy should be strongly considered, as the risk from the
      surgical procedure is diminished by the endoscopic relief of the obstruction of
      the biliary tract.

PMID- 3381182
TI  - The management of fistulas of the biliary tract after injury to the bile duct
      during cholecystectomy.
AB  - Twelve of 123 patients who were treated for benign stricture of the bile duct
      after cholecystectomy presented with an external fistula of the biliary tract.
      Nine of these patients had undergone multiple operations prior to referral, six
      having undergone earlier attempts at repair of the bile duct. Two patients
      initially required urgent laparotomy for drainage of infected abdominal
      collections. Distal obstruction of the bile duct below the origin of the fistula
      was present in five patients. Repair of the bile duct was undertaken after
      careful investigation and correction of nutritional, fluid and electrolyte status
      in five patients who had little prospect of spontaneous closure of the fistula.
      The other seven patients were initially treated conservatively; in three, the
      fistula closed at five to nine weeks without complication, and no further
      surgical treatment has been required (a range of six to 36 months). The remaining
      four patients required delayed operation after the development of cholangitis or
      jaundice. The overall median survival time between development of fistula and
      operative repair was 3.5 months, and all nine of these patients remained
      asymptomatic with normal results from liver function tests (a median follow-up
      period of 17 months). The need for careful initial assessment prior to repair of
      the bile duct and the possibility of conservative treatment for patients with a
      postcholecystectomy fistula of the biliary tract are emphasized.

PMID- 3381183
TI  - Relative usefulness of physical examination, urodynamics and roentgenography in
      the diagnosis of urinary stress incontinence.
AB  - Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem in women. Accurate diagnosis of
      this condition is necessary for successful surgical treatment. Currently, many
      tests are popular. The relative value of these tests, in terms of usefulness,
      accuracy and practicality, has not been tested in the past. With this aim, we
      have compared the results from three of the most commonly performed tests, namely
      physical examination, urodynamics and roentgenography. It is our opinion that
      physical examination in the standing position is the simplest and most accurate
      test. Cystometrogram is important, although the yield is small. We do not advise
      the routine use of urethral pressure profile. For accurate determination of
      anatomic deformity, roentgenographic examination is the most accurate test.

PMID- 3381184
TI  - Esophageal dilation as an outpatient procedure.
AB  - This report describes a ten year experience with esophageal dilation done on an
      outpatient basis for a variety of esophageal strictures. An account is given of
      the two main types of dilators used, showing no particular advantage of one type
      compared with the other for long term results. All types of strictures have been
      found to be suitable for this form of therapy. The low morbidity rate and lack of
      general anesthesia make these interventions ideal for outpatient procedures.
      Attention is drawn to the possibility that malignant disease may supervene in
      benign strictures or be missed initially, and frequent biopsies are advocated.

PMID- 3381185
TI  - Surgical treatment of the parathyroid gland in patients with end-stage renal
      disease.
AB  - During the period from December 1984 to December 1986, ten patients with end
      stage renal disease were evaluated with hyperparathyroidism refractory to medical
      management. Symptoms were bone pain in eight patients and pruritus and
      constipation in two. Two patients with bone pain also had impaired mentation.
      Biochemical preoperative assessment revealed calcium levels between 8.7 and 11.2
      milligrams per deciliter, with a median of 10.5 milligrams per deciliter.
      Phosphate levels were normal in all but three patients, and the phosphate-calcium
      product was greater than 80 in two. Parathyroid hormone levels assessed with the
      radioimmunoassay method were elevated in all patients, and results of ultrasound
      of the neck, done in seven patients, revealed hyperplastic glands in six patients
      and normal glands in one patient. All patients underwent surgical exploration of
      the neck with removal of four parathyroid glands and immediate
      autotransplantation. No complications related to the operative procedure
      occurred. Postoperative calcium levels ranged between 6.5 and 9.5 milligrams per
      deciliter on the first postoperative day and normalized by the sixth day. Four
      patients experienced symptomatic hypocalcemia requiring intravenous calcium
      supplementation for one to six days postoperatively. The mean hospital stay was
      four days (three to seven days). All patients had histologically confirmed four
      gland parathyroid hyperplasia. Marked improvement of symptoms was accomplished in
      all patients after a period of three to 30 days. One patient required revision of
      the forearm parathyroid transplant after four months. One patient required
      calcium supplementation taken orally, two patients required 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 and five required treatment with both. Two patients did not require any
      further medical treatment, and no patient had recurrent symptoms after a mean
      follow-up period of eight months. We recommend total parathyroidectomy with
      autotransplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease as a safe and
      effective procedure for symptomatic refractory hyperparathyroidism. Symptom
      relief can be accomplished in the vast majority of patients.

PMID- 3381186
TI  - A district general hospital experience of surgical treatment of gastric and
      duodenal ulcer from 1970 to 1982.
AB  - Seven hundred and thirteen patients who had undergone 793 operations for peptic
      ulcer disease during the years 1970 to 1982 were subsequently referred to a
      gastric follow-up clinic. The indications for initial elective surgical treatment
      (514) were failed medical management (448), recent hemorrhage (32) and
      obstruction of gastric outflow (34); for initial emergency surgical treatment
      (199), the indications were hemorrhage (97) and perforation (102). Reoperation
      was required in 80 patients-previous perforation (40), recurrent ulcer (32),
      reperforation (three), hemorrhage (three) and obstruction of gastric outflow
      (two). The over-all postoperative mortality rate was 4.2 per cent (33 of 713); 15
      deaths occurred after elective surgical treatment (2.5 per cent) and 18 after
      emergency surgical treatment (8.6 per cent). The postoperative morbidity
      expressed in terms of duration of postoperative stay was unaltered for each
      procedure throughout the study period. Follow-up attendance rates at one, three,
      five and ten years were 86, 85, 74 and 28 per cent, respectively. Iron deficiency
      anemia was detected in 13.6 per cent of gastric resection procedures and 1.6 per
      cent of vagotomy and drainage procedures. No instances of macrocytic anemia and
      only two instances of asymptomatic metabolic bone disease were recorded. By
      providing accurate data for surgical audit, which suggested that screening for
      metabolic sequelae in the first decade after surgical treatment is not indicated
      and which resulted in alteration of policy toward peptic ulcer perforation, a
      specific follow-up clinic has proved valuable in formulating the over-all
      management policy regarding surgical treatment for peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3381187
TI  - Prevention of complications in permanent central venous catheters.
AB  - As more patients are requiring permanent central venous catheters (PCC) for long
      term venous access, several associated complications have become evident,
      including: 1, sepsis; 2, thrombophlebitis; 3, insertion complications, such as
      unsuccessful placement, bleeding and pneumothorax, and 4, PCC transection with
      tip embolization. At our institution, 162 PCC were placed by way of cutdown or
      percutaneously. Sepsis occurred in 20 per cent (0.13 septic episodes per 100
      catheter days), nearly always involving immunocompromised patients. Twenty-five
      per cent resolved with use of antibiotics and without removal of PCC. Two
      patients presented with clinical thrombophlebitis; both were treated with removal
      of PCC and anticoagulant medication. Failure of insertion was highest with the
      cephalic cutdown approach, and pneumothorax was highest with the subclavian
      approach. Transection of PCC is associated with the percutaneous subclavian
      approach and is heralded by intermittent catheter function and a "pinch-off" sign
      on roentgenogram. Methods of preventing these complications are emphasized
      herein.

PMID- 3381188
TI  - Pregnancy and delivery in patients with a continent ileostomy.
AB  - Patients undergoing surgical treatment for inflammatory disease of the intestine
      are often in their reproductive years. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study
      the influence of surgical treatment on later pregnancy and delivery. Reported
      herein are 28 patients with continent ileostomies who have carried 37 pregnancies
      to term. An increased urge to empty the ileostomy reservoir, especially in the
      late period of pregnancy, was noted by the majority of patients. About one-third
      of the patients reported some difficulties with intubation of the reservoir in
      late pregnancy but in only a few patients did these disturbances result in a
      revisional operation after delivery. Pregnancy was normal in most instances and
      only four premature childbirths occurred. All pregnancies resulted in live birth.
      Vaginal delivery was successful in the majority of the patients, cesarean section
      being chosen for obstetric reasons in nine instances. From this study, it is
      concluded that, in patients with a continent ileostomy, normal pregnancy and
      delivery can be expected. However, in a few instances, the ileostomy function may
      be disturbed, necessitating later revisional operations.

PMID- 3381190
TI  - A safe and rapid esophagojejunoduodenostomy after total gastrectomy.
AB  - Some modifications to the technique of Longmire-Mouchet after total gastrectomy
      are proposed. They permit a more rapid and safe surgical treatment.

PMID- 3381189
TI  - A simple method for retraction of upper abdominal viscera in pelvic operations.

PMID- 3381192
TI  - [Psychosomatics--a different approach or a chance for the general practitioner?].

PMID- 3381191
TI  - [Pain consultation].

PMID- 3381193
TI  - [Sexual problems in medical practice: when to refer the patient?].

PMID- 3381194
TI  - [Prevention and health education in medical practice].

PMID- 3381195
TI  - [Support in coping with disease in medical practice].

PMID- 3381196
TI  - [The biopsychosocial context of medical management: a theoretical or practical
      curriculum?].

PMID- 3381197
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of psychogenic pain].

PMID- 3381198
TI  - Reduction of platelet adhesiveness by vitamin E supplementation in humans.
AB  - Platelet adhesion was tested ex vivo in a group of 7 normal individuals on
      varying doses of vitamin E. Adhesion to glass slides coated with fibrinogen,
      fibronectin, collagen I and collagen V was studied by perfusing platelet-rich
      plasma through a flow chamber. Time- and space-resolved observations of platelet
      adhesion were made in an area of parallel flow lines and low shear rate under
      standardized conditions before and after dietary supplementation with vitamin E.
      The doses varied from 400 I.U./day to 1600 I.U./day in 400 I.U. increments. A
      statistically significant reduction in platelet adhesion was noted on all four
      adhesive surfaces at the 400 I.U. level of vitamin E supplementation. This
      reduction varied in magnitude depending on the adhesive surface. As vitamin E
      supplementation was increased, no dose-dependent downward trend in adhesion rate
      was observed although the platelet alpha-tocopherol content progressively
      increased. Based on our results, we suggest that 400 I.U./day may be a near
      optimal dose of vitamin E to reduce platelet adhesivity as evaluated in our flow
      chamber system.

PMID- 3381199
TI  - Effects of varying dietary proteins on plasma lipids and rabbit platelet
      function.
AB  - The aim of this paper was to study the effect of dietary proteins on rabbit
      platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and thrombin. In addition, blood
      coagulation tests (Stypven, Stypven cephalin and cephalin kaolin plasma clotting
      times) were performed on these rabbits fed semi-synthetic diets containing animal
      protein (casein) or vegetable proteins (walnut or soybean). As part of this
      study, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride plasma
      levels were determined and platelet fatty acid composition was analysed. The
      results show that the addition of walnut meal in the diet decreases platelet
      aggregability and total plasma cholesterol. The relative effects of casein,
      soybean and walnut protein on platelet aggregability best correlated with the
      ratio of lysine to arginine in the protein and the ratio of HDL to LDL. An
      increase in the ratio C20:5 n-3/C20:4 n-6 in platelet fatty acids was also seen
      in walnut and soybean protein-fed animals, but the changes were greatest in
      soybean protein-fed animals while inhibition of platelet aggregation was greatest
      in walnut protein-fed animals.

PMID- 3381200
TI  - Proaggregatory and inhibitory effects of 2-O-ethyl analogues of platelet
      activating factor (PAF) on human and rabbit platelets.
AB  - A series of 8 analogues of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in which both the
      acetyl group and the polar head are changed, were tested for biological
      activities on human and rabbit platelets in plasma. Two of these compounds, 1-O
      hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoric acid-5'-trimethylammoniumpentyl
      ester and 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-ethyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoric acid-6'
      trimethylammoniumhexyl ester inhibit selectively the PAF-induced aggregation
      response without showing any agonistic activity. Schild analysis revealed a
      competitive antagonism and KB values of 4.4 and 10.5 mumol/l, respectively. These
      results point to a crucial role of the distance between the phosphoryl group and
      the polar head for expression of PAF-antagonistic properties. Moreover, the
      substituent at the 2-position was found to influence predominantly the agonistic
      behaviour.

PMID- 3381201
TI  - The use of monoamine oxidase inhibition to estimate megakaryocyte-platelet
      regeneration time (MPRT).
AB  - The megakaryocyte-platelet regeneration time (MPRT) was measured in 16 normal
      subjects after irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition. When ten subjects
      were given a single 20 mg dose of Parnate (tranylcypromine) the mean MPRT was 242
      +/- 20 hours (linear model) or 212 +/- 22 hours (weighted mean model) with a mean
      %-linearity of 75 +/- 22%. The renewal of platelet MAO activity was initially
      retarded for about 2 days, suggesting that inhibition of megakaryocyte MAO had
      occurred. Six subjects who had taken MAO inhibitors daily for 1-6 months gave
      longer MPRT values (274 +/- 57 hours (lin.) or 246 +/- 67 hours (w. m.)), but the
      differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The single
      dose MPRT results agree well with those obtained using the irreversible
      inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase by aspirin, but exceed the platelet life-spans
      estimated using radiochemical methods by about 24-36 hours. Platelet serotonin
      levels did not change significantly after a single dose of Parnate, but supine
      systolic blood pressure rose by 9 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) 24 hours after
      the dose. Estimation of MPRT by MAO inhibition is a useful alternative to the
      aspirin method but screening of subjects and clinical supervision is needed to
      avoid hypertensive complications.

PMID- 3381202
TI  - [Recombinant DNA technology in clinical diagnosis].

PMID- 3381203
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer].

PMID- 3381204
TI  - [Intrauterine death. Evaluation of 6-year material from a general hospital].

PMID- 3381205
TI  - [Brain metastases from breast cancer. Effect of radiation therapy].

PMID- 3381206
TI  - [Fibrocartilage injuries in the finger joints. A prospective study of treatment
      with or without bandages].

PMID- 3381207
TI  - [Primary megaureter in adults].

PMID- 3381208
TI  - [48,XXYY syndrome in a 2-year-old boy].

PMID- 3381209
TI  - [Causality or mere statistical association. Criteria for causal evaluations].

PMID- 3381210
TI  - [Pregnant women in distress. A study of 2,937 clients of the Alternatives to
      Abortion Center in Norway].

PMID- 3381211
TI  - [Ethical dilemmas in modern neonatology].

PMID- 3381212
TI  - [The Dalkon shield. The intrauterine device used today].

PMID- 3381213
TI  - [General medicine--Jack-of-all-trades medicine or a well defined specialty?].

PMID- 3381214
TI  - [General medicine--Jack-of-all-trades medicine or a well-defined clinical
      specialty?].

PMID- 3381215
TI  - [Poisoning with the fat solvent Lanterne at Laksevag Sanitetsforenings Hospital].

PMID- 3381216
TI  - [A rare case of juvenile atrophy of the pancreas].
AB  - The case of a 4 month old Irish setter bitch is reported in the present paper,
      which showed a recurrent diarrhoea, polyphagia from the purchase of the dog at
      the age of two months. The dog was severely emaciated and treatment with Pancreon
      was not followed by any improvement. The total information acquired from the
      history of the dog and laboratory studies was clearly indicative of exocrine
      pancreatic deficiency. In spite of the satisfactory response to treatment with
      Tryplase (the faeces were restored to normal, but polyphagia and coprophagia
      continued to be present), it was decided to perform euthanasia. Atrophy of the
      pancreas and small groups of undifferentiated cells situated in the adipose
      tissues were observed at autopsy. Pseudoductules, excretory ducts and blood
      vessels were clearly identifiable. Islands of Langerhans were not detected, only
      a few scattered B cells being present. The microscopic findings in the Irish
      setter were obviously similar to the type 1 atrophy as described by Prentice et
      al. (11). The age (of this dog), at which exocrine atrophy of the pancreas became
      apparent may be described as exceptionally young.

PMID- 3381217
TI  - [Evaluation of blood chemistry using 'dry chemistry' in small animal practice].
AB  - In this paper three different systems for clinical chemistry determinations by
      the general practitioner are evaluated. The systems, Seralyzer, Kodak Ektachem DT
      60 and Reflotron, are based on the use of dry reagent strips in combination with
      a reflectometer. The principle of reflectometry is discussed briefly. These
      systems enable the practitioner to carry out the majority of the common chemical
      laboratory blood tests quickly and with an acceptable degree of confidence. The
      present possibilities are given for each system, including the costs of
      instruments and tests in the Netherlands. The results of some common tests in
      small animal medicine have been compared with standard methods in our own
      laboratory. Since in a few tests species dependent differences were found, it is
      recommended that each dry chemistry test should be carefully evaluated for each
      animal species.

PMID- 3381218
TI  - [Selenium deficiency as a cause of secondary retention of the placenta in a herd
      of dairy cattle].
AB  - A farm is described, on which the placenta was retained in approximately forty
      per cent of the cows and on which selenium deficiency (0.03 +/- 0.010
      micrograms/ml) and unduly reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in
      the erythrocytes (65.2 +/- 26.4 u/g Hb) were observed. When 0.5 mg of Se per kg
      of dry matter of a mixture of concentrated feeds were added, the concentrations
      of Se and GSH-Px were restored to normal and the symptom consisting in retained
      placentae disappeared. This incident shows that selenium deficiency occurs in the
      Netherlands.

PMID- 3381219
TI  - [Visit to an internationally operated English pig breeding group].

PMID- 3381220
TI  - The relationship between walking speed and muscle strength for knee extension in
      hemiparetic stroke patients: a follow-up study.
AB  - Walking speed and isokinetic strength of knee extension were examined in 18
      hemiparetic stroke patients prior to, and 4 and 8 weeks after gait training.
      Although increase of the walking speed did not coincide with that of the
      isokinetic strength of the affected and non-affected sides, regression analyses
      revealed that the strength of the affected side was the primary determinant of
      the walking speed and the variance explained by it gradually increased with a
      period of the training.

PMID- 3381221
TI  - Properties of thyrotropin (TSH) binding to plasma membranes prepared from rat fat
      tissues.
AB  - Rat fat membranes were prepared from male Sprague-Dawley rats. At 37 degrees C,
      TSH binding to rat fat membranes was rapid and unstable, although the binding
      reached a steady state after 2 hr and unchanged up to 24 hr at 4 degrees C. The
      binding to rat fat membranes was significantly inhibited by 50 mM NaCl and almost
      completely inhibited by 150 mM NaCl. TSH binding to rat fat membranes was not
      affected by 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) or 1 mM diamide although the binding to
      human thyroid membranes was inhibited by 10 mM DTT significantly. Conventional
      Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of binding site which had lower Ka
      value (2.6 X 10(8) M-1) than that of high affinity binding site of human thyroid
      membranes (9.3 X 10(8) M-1). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with Graves'
      disease inhibited the binding of TSH to rat fat membranes. A significant
      correlation was observed between the inhibiting activity of Graves' IgG measured
      with rat fat and human thyroid membranes (r = 0.82, p less than 0.01). In
      conclusion, TSH receptors on rat fat membranes were not identical to those on
      human thyroid membranes, but TSH receptor antibodies crossreacted with TSH
      receptors in rat fat tissue.

PMID- 3381222
TI  - Pressor response to vasopressin and norepinephrine in DOC-salt hypertensive and
      prehypertensive rats.
AB  - Pressor responses to arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NE) were
      studied in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertensive and prehypertensive rats.
      DOC-salt rats received weekly subcutaneous injection of DOC acetate (30 mg/kg)
      and given 1% saline for drinking. Salt and control rats received injections of
      sesame oil and given 1% saline or tap water, respectively. On the 5th day
      (prehypertensive stage) and at 6th week (hypertensive stage) after treatment had
      started, pressor responses were studied by measuring changes in mean arterial
      pressure recorded from the iliac artery in response to i.v. injections of AVP or
      NE under urethane anesthesia. Pressor response to AVP was enhanced both in DOC
      salt hypertensive and prehypertensive rats compared with that in salt and control
      rats. Pressor response to NE tended to be enhanced in DOC-salt hypertensive rats,
      however, the enhancement was not observed in the rats in prehypertensive stage.
      Enhanced pressor response to AVP in DOC-salt prehypertensive rats was not due to
      the structural change of vascular beds, because peripheral resistance in isolated
      hindlimb preparations was similar in the three groups. Thus, pressor response to
      AVP was enhanced even in the prehypertensive stage in DOC-salt rats and the
      enhancement might be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension in DOC-salt
      rats.

PMID- 3381223
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease with neutrophil membrane cytochrome b deficiency:
      demonstration by immunochemical staining with monoclonal antibody.
AB  - Cytochrome b deficiency in the peripheral granulocytes of two male patients with
      chronic granulomatous disease was demonstrated by an immunocytochemical assay
      using a monoclonal antibody, 7D5, against human neutrophil cytochrome b. A mosaic
      of cytochrome b positive and negative neutrophils, indicating a carrier state in
      an X-linked trait, was found in the mother of patient 1 but not in the mother of
      patient 2.

PMID- 3381224
TI  - Fibronectin localization in the mouse embryo from the two cell stage to the
      morula stage.
AB  - Among the characters of fibronectin, the adhesiveness may play an important role
      in embryo implantation. It is concluded that, using the direct and indirect
      immunofluorescence techniques, fibronectin was not found on the zona pellucida,
      but on the embryo surface even from the two cell stage. The results imply that
      (i) fibronectin is not an initial differentiation marker for the stage of
      endoderm, which used to be postulated, (ii) the surface fibronectin which has
      been produced at least from the two cell stage is covered by the zona pellucida
      to mask its adhesiveness during the oviduct transport, and (iii) after hatching
      in the uterus cavity the surface fibronectin facilitates the embryo implantation.

PMID- 3381225
TI  - A consumer intercept study of oral contraceptive users in the Dominican Republic.
AB  - Purchasers of a low-cost oral contraceptive were intercepted and interviewed in a
      sample of Santo Domingo pharmacies that represented the highest sales of the
      product, yet also reflected the socioeconomic profile of the city's entire
      population. Users of the contraceptive were later interviewed in greater depth in
      their homes. The survey of users showed that the Dominican Republic's social
      marketing program, implemented by PROFAMILIA, was reaching an appropriate target
      market--that is, younger, lower-middle-class women of low parity. The program
      was, in addition, successful in attracting first-time adopters, and it was also
      expanding the overall commercial market for all contraceptives. The marketing
      campaign was successful in part because a mass audience was reached, through
      brief television spots. Program impact on contraceptive prevalence can be
      assessed from sales data.

PMID- 3381226
TI  - Dominican Republic 1986: results from the Demographic and Health Survey.

PMID- 3381227
TI  - Maternal mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: 1976-85.
AB  - This paper reports findings from a study of maternal mortality in Matlab,
      Bangladesh during the 1976-85 period. The study employed a multiple-step
      procedure to identify maternity-related deaths to all reproductive-aged women
      within the study area during this period. A total of 387 maternal deaths were
      identified, resulting in an overall maternal mortality ratio of 5.5 per 1,000
      live births. The introduction of a family planning program in half of the Matlab
      study area led to a moderate but significant reduction in maternal mortality
      rates, relative to the comparison area. This appears to have been primarily due
      to a reduction in the overall number of pregnancies in the treatment area, since
      among women who became pregnant, mortality risks remained high. The results of
      this study underscore the need for a broad-based service strategy that includes
      but is not limited solely to family planning, in order to achieve significant
      reductions in maternal mortality levels in settings such as rural Bangladesh.

PMID- 3381228
TI  - Social marketing of oral rehydration therapy and contraceptive in Egypt.
AB  - This article examines the antecedents, activities, results, and prospects for
      institutionalization of two large social marketing programs currently in
      operation in Egypt: the National Control of Diarrheal Diseases Project, which
      promotes oral rehydration therapy to treat diarrheal dehydration, and the Family
      of the Future, which is recognized as one of the most sophisticated and effective
      contraceptive social marketing programs operating today. This examination of two
      health-related social marketing programs operating simultaneously in the same
      country can highlight the factors that contribute to successful programs.

PMID- 3381229
TI  - Intersubject variability in plasma theophylline levels after oral and intravenous
      administration in Jordanian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Plasma theophylline concentrations were determined in 151 Jordanian patients with
      chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mean plasma levels after oral
      administration were below the therapeutic range and significantly lower than
      after intravenous administration. Plasma levels in patients with congestive heart
      failure (CHF) were higher than in patients with no CHF. Trough plasma
      theophylline concentrations after intravenous administration in patients less
      than 18 years of age were significantly lower than in those aged 18-60 years. The
      overall results are in agreement with observations made in other ethnic groups.

PMID- 3381230
TI  - Placental and milk transfer of chloroquine in humans.
AB  - The placental and milk transfer of chloroquine was studied in seven subjects and
      six subjects, respectively. Seven pregnant women at term were administered
      chloroquine phosphate (5 mg/kg) i.m. The maternal blood and arterial and venous
      umbilical cord blood were obtained during delivery. The maternal chloroquine
      blood levels varied from 0.438 to 1.193 micrograms/ml. The venous cord blood
      ranged from 0.607 to 0.869, whereas the arterial levels ranged from 0.480 to
      0.905 micrograms/ml. Six subjects who were administered chloroquine phosphate (5
      mg/kg) postpartum had chloroquine milk levels of 0.192-0.319 micrograms/ml. The
      milk:blood ratio ranged from 0.268 to 0.462. Chloroquine readily crossed the
      placenta and was excreted into the breast milk.

PMID- 3381231
TI  - Transfer of enprofylline into breast milk.
AB  - Enprofylline concentrations were measured on 3 consecutive days in milk and
      plasma from six nursing mothers who were treated twice daily with 150-mg
      enprofylline slow-release tablets. The mean plasma concentration was 0.89 mg/L
      and the mean milk concentration was 0.71 mg/L, the average milk/plasma ratio
      being 0.80. The mean milk/plasma ratio ranged from 0.67 to 0.98 in the six
      mothers. It was estimated that a maximum of approximately 10% of an adult dose of
      enprofylline, on a per-kilogram body-weight basis, may be transferred to the
      suckling infant.

PMID- 3381232
TI  - Isomers of 10-hydroxynortriptyline in geriatric depression.
AB  - In geriatric, depressed inpatients treated with nortriptyline (NT), total
      unconjugated plasma concentrations of the Z isomer of the 10-hydroxylated
      metabolite (10-OH-NT) were determined simultaneously with concentrations of the E
      isomer by high-performance liquid chromatography. Z-10-OH-NT concentrations
      averaged 14% of E-10-OH-NT concentrations.

PMID- 3381233
TI  - Tentative identification of a digoxin-like immunoreactive substance.
AB  - Three independent immunoassays gave significantly different results when digoxin
      concentrations were measured in plasma samples from a 68-year-old male patient
      with renal and liver impairment. These differences were used to provide a means
      of isolating a digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) by high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. Examination of this fraction by fast atom bombardment-mass
      spectrometry provided data to support the hypothesis that excess bile acids might
      be the source of the DLIS in our patient which may also explain the DLIS observed
      in neonates.

PMID- 3381234
TI  - Determination of lorazepam in plasma of patients during status epilepticus by
      high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the
      determination of lorazepam in human plasma has been developed. The method was
      used to analyze plasma samples obtained from patients who were treated with 0.1
      mg/kg of intravenous lorazepam during status epilepticus. The detection limit for
      lorazepam was 5 ng/ml. None of the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs
      interfere with this lorazepam analysis.

PMID- 3381235
TI  - An ultrasensitive method for the measurement of haloperidol and reduced
      haloperidol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric
      detection.
AB  - A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of
      haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in plasma. The method is based on high
      performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with coulometric detection. The
      extraction and sample clean up procedures are simple and rapid to execute, yet
      yield chromatograms virtually free of interference from endogenous plasma
      constituents, such that the extraordinary sensitivity of the coulometric detector
      can be exploited fully. The detection limits for haloperidol and reduced
      haloperidol are 20 pg/ml plasma, and the limits of quantitation are 50 pg/ml for
      both drug and metabolite. Standard curves were linear down to 50 pg/ml with
      coefficients of variation of less than 7.0% at the limits of quantitation. The
      method was applied to the study of the plasma levels of haloperidol and reduced
      haloperidol in two healthy subjects. It was possible to monitor the plasma levels
      of haloperidol for at least 96 h (4 days) after the administration of a 5-mg oral
      dose of haloperidol. It was also possible to monitor reduced haloperidol levels
      over 96 h in one subject, although the metabolite was not detectable in the
      plasma of the other at any stage.

PMID- 3381236
TI  - Radioreceptor assay and high-performance liquid chromatography yield similar
      results for serum thioridazine and its major metabolites.
AB  - Thioridazine and its major metabolites were quantified in serum of thioridazine
      treated psychiatric patients by radioreceptor assay and high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) every second day during 3 weeks of drug administration.
      Serum neuroleptic levels measured by radioreceptor assay and serum concentrations
      of thioridazine and its active metabolites estimated by HPLC correlated (r =
      0.82, n = 60); the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of both assays
      were low (less than 7%). Thus, serum thioridazine can be adequately monitored by
      radioreceptor assay as well as by HPLC.

PMID- 3381237
TI  - Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of
      carbamazepine and its principal metabolites in human plasma and urine.
AB  - A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the
      simultaneous determination of carbamazepine and the 10,11-epoxide, 10,11
      dihydroxy, and 2-hydroxy metabolites of carbamazepine. The chromatographic system
      involves the use of a 18C-microsorb, reversed-phase column with
      acetonitrile/water (28:72) as the mobile phase. Detection and quantitation are
      monitored by ultraviolet absorption at 212 nm. The compounds are extracted from
      250 microliters of plasma or from 100 microliters urine with methyl-t-butyl ether
      and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide; 2-methylcarbamazepine is added as internal standard.
      If phenytoin and/or phenobarbital are present in plasma or urine samples, it is
      necessary to use 1.0 M sodium hydroxide. The limits of quantitation for
      carbamazepine and its metabolites are 10 ng/ml.

PMID- 3381238
TI  - Measurement of antidepressants using solid-phase extraction and wide-bore
      capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection.
AB  - A comprehensive method is presented for the determination of nine antidepressant
      drugs and metabolites in serum: (1) amitriptyline, (2) nortriptyline, (3)
      imipramine, (4) desipramine, (5) maprotiline, (6) doxepin, (7) desmethyldoxepin,
      (8) protriptyline, and (9) trimipramine. Chlorimipramine is used as the internal
      standard. A simple solid-phase extraction procedure utilizing disposable reversed
      phase C18 columns is described. Samples are analyzed by gas chromatography with
      nitrogen-selective detection using a wide-bore capillary column with a
      permanently bonded, non-polar stationary phase. The assay possesses linearity to
      800 ng/mL for maprotiline and 500 ng/mL for the other antidepressants,
      sensitivity to at least 25 ng/mL, recovery ranging from 96 to 107%, and between
      run precision reflected by CVs of 4.4 to 8.1%. Lack of interference is documented
      for over 27 commonly prescribed drugs. We conclude that the method reported here
      is ideally suited for monitoring therapeutic and toxic levels of antidepressant
      drugs.

PMID- 3381239
TI  - Dry reagent immunoassay for measuring phenobarbital in serum and plasma.
AB  - A reagent strip has been developed for measuring phenobarbital concentrations in
      serum or plasma. This strip utilizes the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay
      system (ARIS) and is designed for use with the Ames Seralyzer reflectance
      photometer. The test takes 85 s and compares strip reactivities with a two-point
      calibration line that is stored in the instrument. Within-run precision
      coefficient of variation ranges from 2.4 to 4.1% over five concentrations while
      the between-run precision ranges from 2.3 to 4.9%. Results obtained with clinical
      serum samples correlated well (r greater than 0.99) with those obtained by a
      fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDx). The strips crossreact with other
      barbituric acid derivatives that are not coadministered with phenobarbital.
      Crossreactivity to the metabolite p-hydroxyphenobarbital is sufficiently low as
      to not interfere in the usual specimens. Samples that are hemolyzed, highly
      icteric, or from uremic patients should be avoided. This assay is a rapid and
      convenient method for monitoring serum or plasma phenobarbital concentrations. It
      is particularly well suited for decentralized test sites, such as emergency
      rooms, urgent care centers, and physician's offices.

PMID- 3381240
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay procedure for sulforidazine and its comparison
      with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the determination of sulforidazine in
      human plasma was developed using an antiserum raised in rabbits immunized with N
      (2-carboxyethyl)desmethylsulforidazine-porcine thyroglobulin conjugate. The RIA
      procedure can measure as low as 40 pg of sulforidazine in a 200-microliter human
      plasma sample with a coefficient of variation of less than 6%. The antiserum did
      not show any marked cross reaction with any available potential cross reactant.
      Also, there were no significant differences between the concentrations of
      sulforidazine determined in the presence or absence of thioridazine and/or
      mesoridazine. This RIA procedure was compared with a high performance liquid
      chromatographic (HPLC) method by determining concentrations of sulforidazine in
      plasma samples from human volunteers over 72 h after administration of single 50
      mg oral doses of thioridazine hydrochloride. The two methods showed a good
      correlation for the assay values (n = 55; r2 = 0.926) and the slope of the
      regression line was not significantly different from 1.0 (p greater than 0.30
      when RIA values were plotted on the gamma-axis and HPLC values on the chi-axis; p
      greater than 0.30 when HPLC values were plotted on the gamma-axis and RIA values
      on the chi-axis). The plot of the differences between these two assay values
      against the average of the assay values showed that the differences were
      independent of the concentration range studied. Also, statistically favorable
      comparisons were obtained for area under the plasma concentration-time curve to
      48 h (AUC48(0)), Cmax, and Tmax calculated from the data obtained by the two
      methods.

PMID- 3381241
TI  - Quantitation of thiothixene in plasma by high-performance thin-layer
      chromatography and fluorometric detection.
AB  - A specific and sensitive assay procedure to measure thiothixene (Navane) in
      plasma has been developed and used to measure plasma concentrations in patients
      receiving thiothixene. The procedure involves in situ fluorescent detection after
      separation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Fluorescent detection
      permits a limit of detectability of approximately 0.1 ng/ml in plasma and the
      coefficient of variation is less than 6% at 2 ng/ml. Thirty samples may be
      processed through the entire procedure in less than 6-h period and up to 60
      samples may be simultaneously spotted and chromatographed with a larger-capacity
      spotter and plate. Plasma levels (n = 62) drawn 10-12 h after dosage ranged from
      0 to 42 ng/ml from dosages of 4-100 mg/day.

PMID- 3381242
TI  - Routine methods in toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring by high-performance
      liquid chromatography. IV. A rapid microscale method for determination of
      propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol in plasma.
AB  - A fast, simple, and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of total
      and free propranolol and its active metabolite 4-hydroxypropranolol in plasma by
      high performance liquid chromatography is described. Both propranolol and 4
      hydroxypropranolol are detected by fluorescence at one wavelength detector
      setting. The limit of sensitivity of the method is 2 ng/ml for 4
      hydroxypropranolol and 1 ng/ml for propranolol. The method is fast since it
      involves a single extraction step followed by evaporation of organic solvent and
      chromatography of the residue. The method takes only 10 min per sample and thus
      can be set up in a therapeutic drug-monitoring laboratory for monitoring
      propranolol levels routinely.

PMID- 3381244
TI  - Stability of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in saliva.
AB  - The stability of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in saliva was studied under
      various conditions. Acetylisoniazid was stable at 4 degrees, -20 degrees, and -70
      degrees C for up to 5 weeks but isoniazid loss was prevented only by storage at 
      70 degrees C or by addition of azide and storage at 4 degrees C (but not -20
      degrees C) for up to 5 weeks.

PMID- 3381243
TI  - Alprazolam does not inhibit the metabolism of nortriptyline in depressed patients
      or inhibit the metabolism of desipramine in human liver microsomes.
AB  - In 10 patients treated with nortriptyline, the steady-state plasma concentrations
      of the parent drug and the active 10-hydroxy metabolite were very similar before
      and during concomitant treatment with alprazolam (0.5 mg orally t.i.d.). In human
      liver microsomes the 2-hydroxylation of desipramine was not inhibited by
      alprazolam. The absence of an inhibition by alprazolam on the hydroxylations of
      nortriptyline in vivo and of desipramine in vitro indicates that alprazolam is
      not metabolized by the debrisoquine hydroxylase.

PMID- 3381245
TI  - A simple and accurate midpoint-back-extrapolation method for pharmacokinetic
      individualization of aminoglycoside therapy.

PMID- 3381246
TI  - Choreoathetosis induced by ordinary phenytoin levels, explained by high free
      fraction?--A case report.
AB  - Choreoathetosis was induced by phenytoin therapy in an 81-year-old epileptic
      woman. The plasma concentration of phenytoin was 59 to 80 mumol/L when side
      effects appeared. Choreoathetosis at ordinary plasma levels has previously been
      attributed to a preexisting brain damage. In this case, however, it may be
      explained by a high free fraction (19%) of the phenytoin plasma concentration.

PMID- 3381247
TI  - Inservice--key to your laser program.

PMID- 3381248
TI  - Transformational leadership: a strategy for nursing.

PMID- 3381249
TI  - The mode of recognition of allogeneic tissue in the solitary urochordate Styela
      plicata.
AB  - The mode of allorecognition in Styela plicata was determined by establishing
      reciprocal first-set allografts within pairs of individuals: 27% of pairs
      exhibited unilateral rejection where one animal retained reciprocal grafts while
      the other rejected them. This frequency was far greater than the expected level
      of chance elimination based on control autograft loss. Futhermore, second-set
      grafting confirmed the compatibility allocations of all unilaterally rejected
      pairs. The appearance of unilateral rejection is consistent with an
      allorecognition mechanism involving the specific identification of foreignness.
      Such systems are common among vertebrates, where a difference between individuals
      of a single tissue haplotype is sufficient to initiate allograft rejection.
      However, these results conflict with recognition systems operative in other
      invertebrates, where a single shared haplotype yields graft compatibility.

PMID- 3381250
TI  - Cyclosporine concentration sampling from an in vitro central venous catheter
      system.

PMID- 3381251
TI  - Survival of cadaveric donor renal allografts in cyclosporine A-treated
      recipients: the influence of HLA-DR antigen matching.

PMID- 3381252
TI  - DR typing in less than three hours using a flow cytometer.

PMID- 3381253
TI  - Immunomagnetic tissue typing offers new possibilities in cadaveric transplant
      donor-recipient HLA matching.

PMID- 3381254
TI  - A survey of public attitudes toward cadaveric organ donation in a Swedish
      community.

PMID- 3381255
TI  - Short-term changes in renal function of the remaining kidney after donor
      nephrectomy.

PMID- 3381256
TI  - Discontinuation of one drug in triple-drug immunosuppression with cyclosporine,
      azathioprine, and steroids: an interim report.

PMID- 3381257
TI  - Decreased incidence of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation
      recipients treated with a combination of cyclosporine and methotrexate.

PMID- 3381258
TI  - Transplantation tolerance to chicken class I major histocompatibility complex
      (MHC) antigens is transferable despite depletion of chimeric cells, while
      tolerance to total MHC disparity is abolished.

PMID- 3381259
TI  - Cyclosporine A in high dosages induces renal interstitial fibrosis in the rat.

PMID- 3381260
TI  - Cyclosporine as a biologic response modifier in the regulation of monocyte and
      endothelial cell procoagulant synthesis.

PMID- 3381261
TI  - Effect of rewarming on determination of plasma concentration of cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3381262
TI  - The Second International Congress on Cyclosporine. November 4-7, 1987,
      Washington, DC. III. Applications in autoimmune diseases. Proceedings.

PMID- 3381263
TI  - Cyclosporine A in the treatment of severe alopecia areata.

PMID- 3381264
TI  - Effects of oral and topical cyclosporine in male pattern alopecia.

PMID- 3381265
TI  - Treatment of severe alopecia areata by topical applications of cyclosporine:
      comparative trial versus placebo in 43 patients.

PMID- 3381266
TI  - Treatment of endogenous uveitis with cyclosporine A.
AB  - Thirty patients suffering from severe sight-threatening bilateral chronic
      endogenous uveitis were treated with initial dosages of 10 mg/kg/d of CsA. After
      1 month of therapy, all patients but one demonstrated a rapid decrease of the
      intraocular inflammatory processes along with an arrest of the deterioration of
      vision. After 1 year (or more) of treatment, most patients still show the same
      visual acuity achieved after 1 month. During the 3-year span of this study,
      attempts at tapering off the CsA dosage to less than 5 mg/kg/d induced a
      temporary flare-up in 20 of the 24 patients followed without interruption for
      more than 6 months. Nonetheless, control of the intraocular inflammation was
      finally achieved by 5 mg CsA/kg/d or less in 14 of the 25 patients. In six of
      these 14 patients the CsA dosage was further tapered to total discontinuation.
      Two of the six patients showed a rapid reactivation of the intraocular
      inflammatory processes with a profound decrease in vision within 1 and 3 weeks,
      respectively. In four patients, control of the intraocular inflammation and
      preservation of good visual acuity have been observed for a period of up to 18
      months.

PMID- 3381267
TI  - Cyclosporine in the treatment of birdshot retinochoroidopathy.

PMID- 3381268
TI  - Therapy for human autoimmune uveitis with low-dose cyclosporine plus
      bromocriptine.

PMID- 3381269
TI  - Evaluation of conventional therapy versus cyclosporine A in Behcet's syndrome.
AB  - When ocular structures are affected in Behcet's syndrome, a rapid loss of vision
      has been the rule regardless of the type of treatment--corticosteroids, Leukeran,
      Imuran, colchicine. The objectives of the present study were to compare, in a
      masked manner, conventional treatment (corticosteroids/Leukeran) to treatment
      with CsA. Forty patients suffering from Behcet's syndrome with active ocular
      inflammatory reactions were included in the study. These were randomly assigned
      to conventional or CsA regimens and were regularly examined by a
      multidisciplinary group of physicians. The unmasked internist modulated the
      treatment and recorded systemic manifestations. The masked ophthalmologists
      recorded the ocular findings without knowledge of the assigned type of treatment.
      An analysis of the results 3 years after initiation of the study shows that CsA
      is more effective than conventional therapy in decreasing the active ocular
      inflammatory processes and arresting the deterioration of visual acuity.
      Regarding the extraocular symptoms, however, conventional therapy is superior to
      CsA, especially for the control of skin lesions and arthritis. Side effects were
      recorded in a much higher incidence among patients receiving CsA. However, tight
      and constant control of the CsA dosage as performed in this study has, so far,
      prevented clinical and biochemical nephrotoxic manifestations in patients
      assigned to this treatment.

PMID- 3381270
TI  - Uveitis, cutaneous and neurosarcoid: treatment with low-dose cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3381271
TI  - Cyclosporine A treatment in four cases with corneal melting syndrome.
AB  - Four patients with progressive corneal melting were treated with CsA. In all
      cases of corneal melting a healing of the ulceration was observed. In one case an
      accompanying scleral melting responded poorly to this therapy. Hypertension as a
      side effect was noted in one case. It could be concluded that CsA has a
      beneficial effect on corneal melting but not on scleral melting.

PMID- 3381273
TI  - Cyclosporine in dermatology.
AB  - The entry of Cs into dermatology has been remarkable. It is too soon to say that
      the consequences will be revolutionary, but if the drug continues with its
      present promise and if toxicity does not prove a problem it could indeed promote
      a therapeutic revolution. In addition to this, Cs is likely to induce many new
      thoughts about possible mechanisms in dermatology and perversely in immunology,
      especially if it transpires that the mechanism of action of the drug is local and
      on an effector pathway. Thus it is too soon to predict what might be the place
      for Cs in dermatology. For the moment it is clear that there is an immense area
      in which a good deal of work has to be done to know whether the drug will fulfill
      its very great promise and the further prospect too that new analogues and
      topical preparations may take the therapeutic possibilities even further.

PMID- 3381272
TI  - Immunosuppressive treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy with cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3381274
TI  - The effect of bromocriptine and cyclosporine on spontaneous diabetes in BB rats.

PMID- 3381275
TI  - The place of cyclosporine A in the treatment of connective tissue diseases.

PMID- 3381276
TI  - Long-term cyclosporine in the management of psoriasis.

PMID- 3381278
TI  - Treatment with cyclosporine of adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome resistant to
      corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants.

PMID- 3381277
TI  - Successful treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low-dose cyclosporine A.

PMID- 3381279
TI  - Cyclosporine for the treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 3381280
TI  - A randomized trial of cyclosporine with low-dose prednisone compared with high
      dose prednisone in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3381281
TI  - Cyclosporine and childhood idiopathic nephrosis.

PMID- 3381282
TI  - Cyclosporine treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children.

PMID- 3381283
TI  - Cyclosporine A for treatment of nephrotic syndromes.

PMID- 3381284
TI  - Fractional excretion of protein: a marker of the efficacy of cyclosporine A
      treatment in nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3381285
TI  - The effect of cyclosporine in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome resistant to
      immunosuppressive therapy.

PMID- 3381286
TI  - Cyclosporine and other therapy-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 3381287
TI  - A short-term controlled trial of cyclosporine A in IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3381288
TI  - Antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine A in passive antiglomerular basement
      membrane nephritis in the mouse.

PMID- 3381289
TI  - Cyclosporine in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 3381290
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis and severe aplastic anemia: favorable response to either
      antithymocyte globulin or cyclosporine A in blood and skin disorders.

PMID- 3381291
TI  - Therapeutic effect of cyclosporine in thrombocytopenia associated with autoimmune
      disease.

PMID- 3381292
TI  - Cyclosporine therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
      -a preliminary report of clinical results in two patients.

PMID- 3381293
TI  - Cyclosporine as monotherapy for polymyositis?

PMID- 3381294
TI  - Cyclosporine therapy in chronic slowly progressive polymyositis--preliminary
      report of clinical results in three patients.

PMID- 3381295
TI  - Effect of cyclosporine and cyclosporine plus prednisone in primary biliary
      cirrhosis.

PMID- 3381296
TI  - Wegener's granulomatosis and cyclosporine.

PMID- 3381297
TI  - Nephrotoxicity and hypertension in patients with autoimmune disease treated with
      cyclosporine.

PMID- 3381298
TI  - Functional consequences and risk factors of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity
      in type I diabetes trials.

PMID- 3381299
TI  - Nephrotoxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclosporine.

PMID- 3381300
TI  - Cyclosporine in autoimmunity.

PMID- 3381301
TI  - Cyclosporine maintenance therapy in psoriasis.

PMID- 3381302
TI  - Combination of cyclosporine A and topical corticosteroid in the treatment of
      psoriasis.

PMID- 3381303
TI  - Resistant severe psoriasis controlled with systemic cyclosporine therapy.

PMID- 3381304
TI  - Cyclosporine for psoriasis: beneficial effect in refractory skin and joint
      disease.

PMID- 3381305
TI  - Low-dose cyclosporine A in severe psoriasis.
AB  - An open trial of 12 patients with severe long-standing psoriasis has shown CsA in
      small doses to be very effective in clearing the rash. Relapse occurred rapidly
      once treatment with the drug was stopped in this particular group of patients.
      Although adverse side effects did not occur in the short term, in 36 to 84 weeks
      the serum creatinine levels had risen in five of the seven patients. The
      implications of this are uncertain but seem likely to limit the drug's use on a
      long-term basis in treating psoriasis.

PMID- 3381306
TI  - Direct cytopathic effects of cyclosporine A on rapidly proliferating cultured
      keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

PMID- 3381307
TI  - Cyclosporine A inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo.

PMID- 3381308
TI  - Cyclosporine inhibits ornithine decarboxylase gene expression and acute
      inflammation in response to phorbol ester treatment of hairless mouse skin.

PMID- 3381309
TI  - Evaluation of iron status in Chadian pregnant women: consequences of maternal
      iron deficiency on the haematopoietic status of newborns.
AB  - An assessment of iron status was performed on 112 pregnant women at delivery (and
      on their newborns in 70 cases) and on 114 menstruating women in N'Djamena, Chad.
      Anaemia (according to the haematocrit value) was observed in 25.0% of pregnant
      women and in 23.7% of menstruating women. Iron deficiency was defined as the
      combination of a low serum ferritin level (less than or equal to 12
      micrograms/l), a low transferrin saturation (less than 16%) and/or a high
      erythrocyte protoporphyrin (greater than 3 micrograms/g Hb). A moderate increase
      in the serum ferritin level (between 13 and 50 micrograms/l) associated with a
      low transferrin saturation and/or a high erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration
      indicated iron-deficiency in an inflammatory context. Iron deficiency was present
      in 66.9% of pregnant women and in 30.7% of menstruating women. Anaemia was
      associated with iron deficiency in 78.6% of cases in anaemic pregnant women and
      in 44.4% of cases in anaemic menstruating women. A correlation between maternal
      and newborn haematopoiesis was found, and some iron parameters in newborns were
      related to the iron status of mothers.

PMID- 3381310
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels in patients with sickle cell anaemia
      from eastern province of Saudi Arabia.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) and complement (C3, C4) levels were
      determined in 61 sickle cell anaemia patients of various age groups and both
      sexes in their steady state by nephelometry. Serum IgG was found to be
      consistently elevated in 46% cases of all age groups. Increase in the levels of
      IgA, IgM and in the complement values (C3, C4) was also observed. Although the
      mechanism responsible for these variations was unclear, however, this study gave
      an idea about the general pattern of serum immunoglobulin and complement levels
      in sickle cell anaemia patients from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

PMID- 3381311
TI  - Prevalence of anti-delta antibodies in pregnant women in Bandung, Indonesia.
AB  - Knowledge of the epidemiology of hepatitis D virus (HDV)-infection is very scarce
      in many parts of the world. The endemicity of delta-infection is believed to be
      maintained and spread through the network of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
      carriers in the community. In the Far East and the Pacific area, the prevalence
      of chronic HBsAg carriers is mostly high. Markers of HDV infection are very
      frequent in some regions (e.g. parts of China, Fiji Isles, Samoa), in other
      regions they are almost absent (e.g. Taiwan, Thailand, parts of China). In the
      Bandung region (West Java, Indonesia) we found 26 (2.8%) HBsAg carriers among 926
      pregnant women. Most of them are chronic carriers (anti hepatitis B core (HBc)
      IgM negative). Although HBsAg is frequent in this Indonesian population, we could
      not find any anti-HD positive. This data warrants the conclusion that HDV
      infection has not yet been introduced in that densely populated area of
      Indonesia.

PMID- 3381312
TI  - Pattern of multiple myeloma in Kenyans.
AB  - A study of 75 myeloma patients diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital,
      Nairobi, is presented. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1; the mean age +/- s.d.
      was 51.5 +/- 12.5 (range 16-80) years; the peak age incidence of 32% occurred in
      the sixth decade. A combination of: anaemia (81.3%), osteolytic lesions on X-ray
      skeletal survey (80%), bone pains (66.7%) and an ESR above 50mm/hr (77.3%) formed
      an important diagnostic tetrad. Other significant findings included:
      hypoalbuminaemia (76%), elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (61.3%), uraemia
      (54.7%), upper respiratory tract infections (44%), elevated serum creatinine
      (34.7%), raised alkaline phosphatase (33.3%), pathological fractures (32%),
      hyperuricaemia (30.7%) and hypercalcaemia (29.3). The study confirms that the
      disease is not infrequent in indigenous Kenyan Africans as previous literature
      seemed to suggest. Poor prognosis was significantly (p less than 0.05) associated
      with hypoalbuminaemia, raised serum blood urea, hyperuricaemia and an elevated
      serum creatinine level.

PMID- 3381313
TI  - Breast cancer in pregnancy and lactation.
AB  - Thirty-six Nigerian women admitted with breast cancer during pregnancy and/or
      lactation (SGP) are the basis of this study of breast cancer in pregnancy and
      lactation. Thirty-six non pregnant but age and c TNM stage matched breast cancer
      patients and another thirty-six non pregnant, age matched women with benign
      breast neoplasms served as control group A (CGA) and control group B (CGB)
      respectively. Even though of similar c TNM state, the mean duration of tumor
      presence in the SGP (6 months) was shorter than in CGA (12 months). Also the SGP
      presented with tumor of higher histological grade (grade III, 55.6%) than those
      of CGA (grade III, 19.4%). These lead to the conclusion that breast cancer in the
      study group patients was more rapidly progressing and was therefore of worse
      prognosis. This conclusion is confirmed by a finding of survival in CGA patients
      that was 1.4 times that of the study group patients. We therefore conclude that
      breast cancer associated with pregnancy or lactation in Nigerian women progresses
      more rapidly and has a worse prognosis than cancer in their non pregnant
      counterparts.

PMID- 3381314
TI  - Effects of antimalarial agents on plasma levels of chlorpromazine and its
      metabolites in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The plasma content of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and its two metabolites 7-OH
      chlorpromazine (CPZ-OH) and chlorpromazine sulphoxide (CPZ-SO) were measured in
      the blood of schizophrenic patients established on chlorpromazine therapy.
      Administration of the commonly used antimalarial agents chloroquine sulphate,
      amodiaquine hydrochloride and Fansidar one hour before the first dose of
      chlorpromazine for the day led to marked increases in CPZ and CPZ-OH over control
      levels. There were no consistent changes in CPZ-SO levels. The implications of
      these findings are discussed, first with regard to possible therapeutic relevance
      for the management of schizophrenia and more particularly, with regard to the
      possible toxic effects of concurrent administration of antimalarial agents and
      chlorpromazine.

PMID- 3381315
TI  - The geographical variation in the molluscicidal potency of Phytolacca dodecandra
      (Endod) berries in Zimbabwe.
AB  - Searches for Phytolacca dodecandra were conducted throughout the country in order
      to determine the natural distribution of the plant molluscicide and to identify
      the plants that produce the most toxic berries. Berries were collected from a
      total of 74 plants and bioassays performed against Bulinus globosus. The berries
      collected from eight plants were found to be lethal to 50% or more of the snails
      and the most toxic berries were those collected from plants found growing in the
      drier and hotter parts of the country. The results suggest that the toxicity of
      the berries depend on the geographical features of the place from which these are
      collected.

PMID- 3381316
TI  - Miang chewing in northern Thai villagers.
AB  - The habit of chewing miang, composed of fermented tea leaves was studied among
      100 farmers of Northern Thai origin. It was disclosed that the majority of miang
      chewers were 'multi-habituees' in that this habit was combined with other oral
      habits such as betel quid chewing, banana cigar and Thai cigarette smoking and
      alcohol consumption. Among women the most prevalent habit combination was miang
      chewing and khi yo cigar smoking whereas men showed a more differentiated habit
      pattern. A total of 37 men and 21 women showed oral lesions that could be related
      to the practice of one or several habits. Oral precancerous lesions such as
      leukoplakia were, however, only found among miang chewers who in addition
      indulged in other oral habits (betel quid chewing, smoking, alcohol usage).

PMID- 3381317
TI  - Limitations of the primary health care model. A case study from Bangladesh.

PMID- 3381318
TI  - Diverticula of the colon in three Nigerian siblings.
AB  - This is a report of diverticular disease of the colon in three Nigerian adult
      siblings. Diverticular disease of the colon is known to be rare in Nigerians.
      Presence of this disease in a large number of a particular family raises the
      possibility of a familial tendency or some other undefined underlying
      abnormality. The three siblings have spent some years in the industrialized
      world. Our anecdotal experience however shows that the prevalence of diverticular
      disease of the colon may be on the increase in Nigeria.

PMID- 3381320
TI  - [Asbestos-induced damage of the lung and pleura].

PMID- 3381319
TI  - Clinical and laboratory features of sickle cell disease in The Netherlands.
AB  - Out of about 200 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the Netherlands, 6%
      are non-negroid patients from Turkey. 83 were assessed clinico-haematologically
      regarding the type of SCD, ethnic origin, concurrent alpha-thalassaemia (alpha
      thal), and type of sickle cell gene (beta S-chromosome). 54 patients had
      homozygous sickle cell (SS), 1 sickle cell haemoglobin D (SD) Punjab, 5 sickle
      cell beta o-thalassaemia (S beta o-thal), 5 sickle cell beta +-thalassaemia (S
      beta +-thal) and 18 sickle cell haemoglobin C (SC) disease. 14% of the 83
      patients were from Turkey, the others were of West Indian and African origin,
      most (73%) of whom were from Surinam. The Netherlands may be the only country in
      the world where non-negroid SCD patients are present in such a proportion to
      negroid SCD patients. alpha-thal was detected in 16 patients and in 14 of their
      relatives with sickle cell trait. Four main types of beta S-chromosomes were
      identified: Benin, Central African Republic, Senegal and Saudi Arabia types. SS
      and S beta o-thal disease ran a more severe course than S beta +-thal and SC
      disease. No clinical difference was ascribable to ethnic origin, alpha-thal or
      HbF-level but in each ethnic group there were some patients with a remarkably
      mild course of SS disease, which was related to the type of beta S-chromosome.
      These were the Senegal and Saudi Arabia beta S-chromosomes. Proper
      differentiation between genotypes is of prognostic and therapeutic relevance,
      especially in SC disease as it is sometimes discovered too late.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381321
TI  - [Skin changes/skin ulcer in chronic venous insufficiency. Recent
      physiopathological aspects].

PMID- 3381322
TI  - [Rapid diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections. Examination of
      hospitalized children].

PMID- 3381323
TI  - [Electronic blood pressure determination. A technical and clinical evaluation of
      Takeda Medical UA 751].

PMID- 3381324
TI  - [Oscillometric determination of blood pressure].

PMID- 3381325
TI  - [Balloon dilatation of aortic valve stenosis in the aged. Technic, complications,
      and short-term results].

PMID- 3381326
TI  - [Is fasting necessary for the Schilling test?].

PMID- 3381327
TI  - [Injuries of the pancreas following blunt abdominal trauma].

PMID- 3381328
TI  - [Pneumococcal pneumonia--still a fatal disease].

PMID- 3381329
TI  - [Poisoning with monocrotophos, dinocap, diodine and isopropyl alcohol].

PMID- 3381331
TI  - [Neuroleptic malignant syndrome after brief neuroleptic treatment].

PMID- 3381330
TI  - [Epidural abscess caused by an epidural catheter].

PMID- 3381333
TI  - [Infections in hospitalized patients].

PMID- 3381332
TI  - [Aplastic anemia following treatment with acetazolamide].

PMID- 3381334
TI  - [Occurrence of infections in hospitalized patients].

PMID- 3381335
TI  - [Occurrence and types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the County of Jutland
      1970-1977 and 1978-1986].

PMID- 3381336
TI  - [Fitness for work before and after total hip alloplasty].

PMID- 3381337
TI  - [Anatomic vaginopexy in the treatment of stress incontinence in women].

PMID- 3381338
TI  - [The preventive effect of protective fist pads in the individual Danish karate
      championships].

PMID- 3381339
TI  - [Menetrier's disease treated with pirenzepine].

PMID- 3381340
TI  - [A chain-saw injury despite correct use of safety measures].

PMID- 3381341
TI  - [Asymptomatic mobile kidney in a hypertensive population].

PMID- 3381342
TI  - [Fulminant poisoning following a Thai cobra snake bite].

PMID- 3381343
TI  - [Twiddler's syndrome--a pacemaker complication].

PMID- 3381344
TI  - [Interstitial pregnancy].

PMID- 3381345
TI  - [Goiter caused by metastasizing hypernephroma].

PMID- 3381347
TI  - [Hypertension caused by ginseng tablets?].

PMID- 3381346
TI  - [Right-sided atrial thromboembolism].

PMID- 3381348
TI  - [Bronchial asthma. Diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 3381349
TI  - [Death among outpatients and inpatients discharged after acute drug and alcohol
      poisoning in 1980. A historical prospective study of total of 347 patients].

PMID- 3381350
TI  - [Compliance in the treatment of hypertension].

PMID- 3381351
TI  - [Economic consequences and human aspects of antihypertensive treatment].

PMID- 3381352
TI  - [Swallowed plastic toys. A radiological study].

PMID- 3381353
TI  - [Transthoracic surgery of hiatal hernia of the esophagus by the Belsey Mark IV
      method].

PMID- 3381354
TI  - [Carcinoembryonic antigen measurement used routinely in the control of patients
      subjected to surgical treatment for colorectal cancer].

PMID- 3381355
TI  - [The birth rate in Denmark in 1986].

PMID- 3381356
TI  - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. 1987
      edition. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.

PMID- 3381357
TI  - [Congenital abnormalities and low birth weight after in vitro fertilization is
      the price for progress].

PMID- 3381358
TI  - [Institutional scabies].

PMID- 3381359
TI  - [Revision of the ethical rules for physicians. Discussion of a work group of the
      Physicians' Union].

PMID- 3381360
TI  - Attenuation of ultrasound in homogenates of bovine skeletal muscle and other
      tissues.
AB  - The attenuation of ultrasound in homogenates of bovine skeletal muscle and
      suspensions of myofibrils was measured over the frequency range 1.5-7 MHz, and
      found to be proportional to protein concentration in both. In the homogenates it
      varied with frequency and temperature in a similar way to the attenuation in post
      rigor muscle tissue; myofibrils showed a higher frequency dependence. The
      attenuation in homogenates of bovine muscle, liver and kidney and in suspensions
      of myofibrils was measured over the pH range 3.5-13, and each showed a peak at
      about pH 11.5. This was thought to be due to a proton transfer process between
      NH3+ groups on the tissue proteins and OH- ions in the suspending fluid. A
      substantial peak at about pH 5 in the muscle and myofibril suspensions was not
      observed in homogenates of liver and kidney and was thought to be due to
      components of muscle that are absent from the other tissues. Myofibrils suspended
      in percoll solution of density 1.05 g cm-3, chosen to match approximately the
      density of the myofibrils, showed a slightly lower attenuation over the pH range
      5-7, but a pH dependence similar to that of the myofibrils suspended in saline.
      The difference in the attenuations may be interpreted as the viscous component of
      the attenuation due to relative motion between the myofibril and its surrounding
      saline. The peak at pH 5 did not, however, appear to be due to the viscous loss
      mechanism peaking due to maximum shrinkage (and therefore maximum density) of the
      myofibril near this pH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381361
TI  - Intracoronary echo-contrast agents: abnormalities in myocardial function in a
      normal and reduced coronary perfusion model in dogs.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography using echo-contrast enhancing agents is a
      promising technique for evaluating myocardial perfusion. However, the potential
      deleterious effects of injection of echo-enhancing agents into the coronary
      circulation have not been well evaluated. We utilized two experimental canine
      models in which the left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and
      perfused continuously by the left common carotid at normal and reduced coronary
      flows. Analysis of myocardial function included regional left ventricular
      systolic function by ultrasonic crystals, subendocardial ST segment shifts, left
      ventricular dP/dr analysis and measurements of coronary blood flow. One ml of
      each echo-contrast agent was injected into the left anterior descending coronary
      artery during normal coronary flow. Echo-enhancing agents included: sonicated 70%
      sorbitol, 50% dextrose, and 6% dextran, hand-agitated Renografin-saline, and
      unagitated 0.15% hydrogen peroxide, 20% fat emulsion and oxygenated Oxypherol, a
      perfluorocarbon compound. Two-dimensional echocardiography determined that all
      echo-enhancing agents except for 20% fat emulsion and Oxypherol produced good
      myocardial enhancement. All echo-enhancing agents which produced a good contrast
      effect did so at the expense of significant reversible contractile abnormalities.
      Each produced more than a 50% reduction in percent segment shortening. Sorbitol
      and hydrogen peroxide produced the most severe contractile disturbances. In the
      normal flow model, sorbitol produced systolic bulging and hydrogen peroxide an
      83% reduction in percent segment shortening. Hydrogen peroxide induced systolic
      bulging in the reduced coronary flow model. Other abnormalities induced by echo
      enhancing agents included ST segment shifts and malignant ventricular
      arrhythmias. Six percent dextran produced a good contrast effect with the least
      harmful myocardial consequences.

PMID- 3381362
TI  - Ultrasound and spermatogenesis in the rat.
AB  - Using exposure conditions comparable to those which have been associated by
      others with positive results, we tested for effects of ultrasound on sperm
      production over a period of 12 weeks following treatment. Continuous wave
      exposure with spatial average intensities of 1, 2 and 4 W/cm2 and exposure times
      up to 10 minutes were used. In some experiments, the exposures were repeated
      after an elapsed time of 48 h. No significant changes in spermatogenesis were
      related to any of the exposure conditions in spite of the fact that some of the
      treatments caused thermal tissue damage near bone. No effects of exposure were
      found in weights of the testis, prostate, seminal vesicle, or whole body.

PMID- 3381364
TI  - Complications of urologic surgery.

PMID- 3381363
TI  - Protein synthesis by neuroblastoma cells is enhanced by exposure to burst-mode
      ultrasound cavitation.
AB  - We observed enhancement of protein synthesis, compared to control cells, 24 h
      after exposing C1300 neuroblastoma cells (N2A) in rotating tubes at 37 degrees C
      to 1-MHz ultrasound tone bursts [1:1; durations from 6 to 600 ms; 3.4 W/cm2
      spatial-peak burst-average intensity; 5 min total treatment duration (on + off
      periods)]. Protein synthesis was measured by uptake of 3H-leucine and normalized
      for cell proliferation by measured uptake of 14C thymidine. The similarity
      between results for enhanced cavitation-stimulated iodine-release reported by
      Ciaravino and our results for cellular protein synthesis suggests that cavitation
      causes this biological effect.

PMID- 3381365
TI  - Complications of ureteroscopy.
AB  - Ureteroscopy with the rigid instrument is now an integral part of the
      endourologic armamentarium for the management of patients with ureteral calculi.
      Our experience demonstrates that ureteroscopy can be a safe, efficacious, and
      less invasive modality. Morbidity will be lowered with proper patient selection,
      meticulous attention to technique, and use of the proper equipment. Prevention is
      the best way to avoid serious complications of ureteroscopy. The following
      guidelines are recommended: Ureteroscopy should be used primarily for patients
      with distal ureteral calculi. A guidewire should be in place at all times during
      ureteroscopy. Fragmentation devices should be available. No forceful
      manipulations should be undertaken during either introduction of the instrument
      or manipulation of the calculus. When access or manipulation is difficult, a
      stent should be placed in the ureter for ureteroscopy at a later date. When
      perforation occurs, a stent should be placed in the ureter and the injured dry
      unstented ureter complex avoided. Alternative endourologic modalities should be
      used when appropriate. When practicing urologists are aware of the indications,
      potentials, and limitations, ureteroscopy and other endourologic methods will
      permit safe successful treatment of most patients with ureteral calculi.

PMID- 3381366
TI  - Complications of the Kock pouch.
AB  - Over the past 41/2 years, 395 consecutive Kock pouch procedures have been
      performed by the urology faculty at the University of Southern California School
      of Medicine as an alternative to conventional cutaneous urinary diversion. This
      article reviews the early and late complications experienced in the 386 patients
      surviving the operation and describes in detail modifications in surgical
      technique designed to reduce the complication rate and the subsequent need for re
      operation. We remain convinced that construction from ileum of a low-pressure,
      high-capacity internal reservoir with continent and nonrefluxing valves as
      originally described by Kock remains the ultimate technique for patients
      requiring permanent urinary diversion or for those requiring conversion from a
      pre-existing form of diversion.

PMID- 3381367
TI  - Complications of urinary tract undiversion.
AB  - The complications of urinary tract undiversion can be divided into those
      associated with patient selection, choice of techniques, and early and late
      surgical difficulties. Patient selection must take into account the original
      reason for diversion (incontinence, hydronephrosis, reflux, or renal functional
      impairment), current renal function and bladder dynamics, upper urinary tract
      anatomy, and psychosocial considerations. Technical considerations require
      versatility and ingenuity on the part of the surgeon. Although direct
      uroepithelium-to-uroepithelium continuity is ideal, this often cannot be
      accomplished. A variety of techniques including transureteroureterostomy, psoas
      hitch of the bladder, bladder augmentation, ileocecal and colon interposition,
      and autotransplantation can be used to facilitate the refunctionalization of the
      urinary tract. One must monitor the patient postoperatively for potential early
      and late complications. Meticulous attention to surgical details will help
      minimize these. The ultimate goal is to achieve stable renal function and urinary
      continence.

PMID- 3381368
TI  - Complications of radical prostatectomy and lymphadenectomy.
AB  - The technique associated with nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy has improved
      the likelihood of continence, especially, and certainly potency over previous
      techniques. With a decline in these complications, patients and physicians in
      increasing numbers are choosing this surgical method of elimination of the
      disease. Hence this review of complications of radical prostatectomy using a
      modified lymphadenectomy and the nerve-sparing prostatectomy (or
      cytoprostatectomy).

PMID- 3381369
TI  - Complications of hypospadias repair.
AB  - Hypospadias is one of the more common and one of the most challenging problems in
      urologic surgery. The past two decades have ushered in an era of new operations
      and variations of older ones, which, when coupled with technical advancements and
      improvements in management, have redefined the aims of the surgeon, who now
      strives to create a "normal" penis with a minimum of complications. Minimization
      of complications is contingent on selection of an operation properly tailored to
      the individual's anatomy. To this end, the surgeon's armamentarium must include a
      variety of repairs and familiarity with the limitations and potential
      complications inherent in each. After describing the principles of surgical
      selection, technique, and postoperative management used in our institution, this
      article deals primarily with the avoidance and management of the immediate and
      long-term complications of hypospadias surgery.

PMID- 3381370
TI  - Complications of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.
AB  - In summary, the complications of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for low
      stage testis cancer appear to be minimal, especially with the advent of nerve
      sparing techniques. However, the approximate 30 per cent of patients who require
      primary chemotherapy and do not attain a complete remission are candiates for
      postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, and these patients are subject
      to a higher risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Maintaining
      awareness of these potential complications may aid in preventing morbidity in
      this group of patients.

PMID- 3381371
TI  - Complications of vasovasostomy.
AB  - Microsurgical vasovasostomy has become a common urologic procedure. A successful
      anastomosis is related to good mucosal alignment and a water-tight anastomosis
      rather than to a specific technique. The presence of vasal or epididymal sperm
      granulomas as well as antisperm antibodies will also influence postoperative
      pregnancy rates.

PMID- 3381372
TI  - Complications of the Camey procedure.
AB  - Since the authors' first case in 1958, 221 bladder replacements in more than 500
      radical cystectomies have been performed in their department. They discuss
      perioperative complications; postoperative complications including mortality,
      gastrointestinal problems, urologic problems, and infections; and late
      complications such as ileal bladder problems, upper urinary tract problems,
      secondary diversions, and incontinence.

PMID- 3381373
TI  - Pulsed dye laser for treatment of ureteral calculi.
AB  - The pulsed dye laser is safe and effective. The commercially available machine
      appears smoother to operate and far less cumbersome than its prototype. When
      access to the stone is through small (8.5-Fr) rigid ureteroscopes, the laser
      outperforms ultrasound and electrohydraulic lithotrites. With larger
      ureterosocopes, the laser has no particular advantage over ultrasound. When
      small, flexible steerable ureteroscopes are available, the laser will come into
      its own.

PMID- 3381374
TI  - [The need for nursing care].

PMID- 3381375
TI  - [Employment disability in life insurance in relation to assessing performance].

PMID- 3381376
TI  - [New insurance conditions in general accident insurance].

PMID- 3381377
TI  - [Suicide without depression].

PMID- 3381379
TI  - [Determining the degree of diffuse peritonitis in penetrating abdominal
      injuries].

PMID- 3381378
TI  - [Complications of closed chest injuries].
AB  - The role of predisposing factors in the development of complications in 1533
      patients with closed traumas of the chest was studied as well as the dynamics of
      the state of the system of humoral regulation of microcirculation. The factors
      predisposing to the development of complications are the age older than 40,
      hospitalization later than 1 day from the trauma, double fractures of the ribs,
      injuries of lungs, hemothorax, concomitant diseases. In all the patients there
      was a subacute syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation, activation of
      the Kallikrein-Kinin system and inhibition of the complement system.

PMID- 3381380
TI  - [Organ-sparing surgical treatment of combined injuries of the chest, abdomen and
      right kidney].

PMID- 3381381
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of the treatment of uncomplicated compression fractures of
      the spine].

PMID- 3381382
TI  - [The status of the blood coagulation system in patients in the early post-shock
      period].

PMID- 3381383
TI  - [Traumatic shock from the biological viewpoint].

PMID- 3381384
TI  - [Infiltrative subacute omentitis in children with acute appendicitis].
AB  - Results of treatment of 87 children with infiltrative subacute omentitis (ISO)
      which appeared after operation for acute appendicitis are described. ISO has its
      clinical and morphological picture, can be complicated by comissural obstruction
      of the intestine (27 patients) or abscess formation (10 patients). It was
      observed in acute appendicitis in 0.18% of the cases, after appendicular
      peritonitis--in 2.8%. The operation of choice in infiltrative omentitis is
      supposed to be a removal of the greater omentis, in abscessing omentitis-
      resection of the omentum. Two patients with ISO developed after appendicular
      peritonitis died.

PMID- 3381385
TI  - [Amnion therapy of post-burn cicatrices in children].

PMID- 3381386
TI  - [Mammoplasty using silicone endoprostheses].

PMID- 3381387
TI  - [Treatment of chronic bursitis by a local cryogenic procedure].
AB  - Treatment of 92 patients with bursitis of different localizations by routine
      methods was followed by recidivations in 51.1% of the cases. Seventy patients
      were treated by cryodestruction. The follow-up observation of the patients during
      1-2 years did not reveal any recidivations.

PMID- 3381388
TI  - [Postoperative complications of surgical and combined treatment of cancer of the
      lungs].
AB  - An analysis of postoperative complication in 1800 patients with lung carcinoma
      has shown their incidence to depend on the volume and character of surgery,
      preoperative radiotherapy and to fluctuate from 6.1 to 33.7%, making on the whole
      21.2%. Broncho-pulmonary complications are most frequent (64.2%). Preoperative
      radiotherapy makes the amount of complications higher (from 19.2 to 28.9%) but
      does not influence the postoperative lethality which is 6.6% on the whole.

PMID- 3381389
TI  - [Ulcerative lesions of the legs as a manifestation of allergic cutaneous
      vasculitis].

PMID- 3381390
TI  - [The duration of hemosorption in patients with chronic renal failure].

PMID- 3381391
TI  - [Errors and complications in the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the crural
      bones].

PMID- 3381392
TI  - [Gynecologic diseases simulating acute appendicitis].

PMID- 3381394
TI  - [Endocarditis caused by diphtheroid in an anomaly of the aortic valve].

PMID- 3381393
TI  - [The causes and prevention of postoperative osteomyelitis].
AB  - An analysis of causes of the appearance of postoperative osteomyelitis in 537
      patients treated in the clinic has shown that in 82% they resulted from errors
      made by surgeons during operations, in 16% from insufficient examination of the
      patient during the preoperative period and erroneous management of the patients
      after operation. Strict observation of the requirements during the preoperative
      period, good organization, supply and performing the operation and postoperative
      managements, as well as the elevation of immune reactivity of the macroorganism
      allowed the percentage of postoperative osteomyelitis to be considerably reduced.

PMID- 3381395
TI  - [Duodenogastric reflux and the pathomorphological picture of the stomach of
      patients operated on for duodenal ulcer].
AB  - The incidence and degree of gastroduodenal reflux and of pathomorphological
      alterations in the gastric mucosa were studied in 135 patients within the period
      from 3 to 25 years after the surgical treatment of ulcer disease of the duodenum.

PMID- 3381396
TI  - ["Vestnik khirurgii" in 1987 and plans for 1988].

PMID- 3381397
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute erosions and ulcers of the digestive organs
      complicated by profuse hemorrhage].
AB  - Under analysis were results of the surgical treatment of 32 patients with
      bleeding acute ulcers and erosions of organs of digestion. The analysis has shown
      that the most effective procedures for this pathology are devascularization of
      the stomach and vagotomy in combination with suturing and ligation of sources of
      the bleeding.

PMID- 3381398
TI  - [Selection of the method of cholangiography in cholestasis].
AB  - A statistical investigation of the effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde
      cholangiography in 223 patients and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in
      204 patients was performed. In typical cases of obturative jaundice of unclear
      etiology the endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is recommended to patients
      with the level of general bilirubin lower than 10 mg%, percutaneous transhepatic
      cholangiography--to patients with the level higher than 10 mg%.

PMID- 3381399
TI  - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical jaundice].
AB  - The article describes the authors' experience with the application of computer
      tomography (CT) for diagnosis and treatment of 82 patients with mechanical
      jaundice. Invasive (diagnostic and curative) manipulations under the control of
      CT were fulfilled in 35 of them. A conclusion is made that CT gives an exact and
      objective information concerning the state of bile ducts under conditions of
      mechanical jaundice, confirms its mechanical character, makes differential
      diagnostics of its causes, allows to estimate the possibility of radical surgery.
      A highly exact puncture and external drainage of bile ducts under the control of
      CT are performed and may be the method of choice for diagnostics of alterations
      and decompression of bile ducts.

PMID- 3381400
TI  - [Risk factors in surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis].
AB  - Results of the operative treatment of 1574 patients with acute cholecystitis are
      analyzed. Main factors responsible for the development of unfavourable results of
      operation are late operations on patients with the developed pyo-septic
      complications of cholecystitis, senility and severe concomitant diseases as well
      as some medical errors.

PMID- 3381401
TI  - [Emergency adrenalectomy in pheochromocytoma].
AB  - Data concerned with two patients with pheochromocytoma are presented which
      convince the authors that urgent operation (a removal of the tumor) is expedient
      in uncontrolled catecholamine crisis.

PMID- 3381402
TI  - [Possibilities of forming enteroenteroanastomosis near the cecum].
AB  - The blood supply of the ileum and possibilities to form enteroenteroanastomosis
      near by the blind gut were studied on 37 anatomical preparations and 39 patients.
      It was established that danger of incompetence of the anastomosis sutures in this
      field is not higher than that in ileotransversanastomosis, the immediate and long
      term results in patients after resection of the small intestine with the
      enteroenteroanastomosis being much better than those in patients with the
      exclusion of the ileocecal part from the passage of the intestinal contents.

PMID- 3381403
TI  - [Surgical tactics in cancer of the colon complicated by the inflammatory
      process].
AB  - Patients with mild forms of inflammatory complications of carcinoma of the colon
      should be operated upon after completing the complex conservative treatment with
      the application of antibiotics and in subsided acute inflammatory process.
      Radical operations must be performed at the first stage of the surgical treatment
      of the patients. Such complications as perifocal abscesses, perforation of the
      tumor, diastatic perforations are considered to be contraindications to a one
      step reestablishment of the colonic continuity after left-side resections.
      Lethality among radically operated patients with carcinoma of the colon
      complicated by an inflammation or perforation made up 25%.

PMID- 3381404
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the colon involving adjacent organs and tissue].
AB  - The authors generalize the experience with diagnostics and surgical treatment of
      113 patients with colon carcinoma involving the adjacent organs and tissues.
      Extended radical operations were made on 70 patients (62.5%). The nearest results
      of the surgical treatment of such patients have shown that extended radical
      operations consisting in a removal of the colon segment with tumor as a single
      block with the involved adjacent anatomical structures are followed by
      inconsiderably higher lethality (12.8%) as compared with noncomplicated carcinoma
      of the colon.

PMID- 3381405
TI  - [Treatment of cancer of the rectum by electrocoagulation].
AB  - The destruction of rectum carcinoma by electrocoagulation can be used for the
      treatment of patients of older age groups with high operative risk having
      exophite tumors of the inferior ampular part not more than 3 cm in size. When
      observing the conditions concerned and careful dispensary examination, the
      efficiency of immediate and long-term results of this operation are not inferior
      to generally used routine methods of treatment. Electrocoagulation of rectum
      carcinoma must be fulfilled but at oncological and specially equipped
      oncoproctological units.

PMID- 3381406
TI  - [Complications of acute appendicitis and the duration of temporary disability].
AB  - According to the data of the surgical unit of the Central Clinical Hospital,
      Ministry of Social Security, MPR during 1977-1983 294 patients had complications
      (26%) out of 1112 patients with acute appendicitis and appendectomy who were
      treated in this unit. The common complications are localized, while general and
      uncommon peritonitis had a diffuse form. An average hospitalization of patients
      with acute appendicitis complications makes up 18.6 beds per day, patients
      without acute appendicitis complications--9.8 beds per day. Complicated forms of
      acute appendicitis are the basic cause of an increased duration of
      hospitalization of patients and longer duration of timely disablement.

PMID- 3381407
TI  - [The problem of relaparotomy in emergency surgery].
AB  - For the recent 15 years the authors have made 6220 operations on organs of the
      abdominal cavity, among them there were 111 relaparotomies in 96 patients
      (1.78%). An atypical course of the postoperative period was an early symptom of
      unfavorable state of the stomach. Thirty patients died (31.25%). The authors
      consider that a delayed first operation in urgent surgery is one of the main
      causes resulting in relaparotomy and appeal to properly perform the sanitary
      instructive work, dispensary observation and planned sanitation of surgical
      patients.

PMID- 3381408
TI  - [Use of xenoperitoneum saturated with drugs in the treatment of suppurative
      wounds].
AB  - A method of preservation of xenoperitoneum of the cattle is described as well as
      the technique of its saturation with a complex of drugs selected with the
      reference to susceptibility of the flora, phase and character of the purulent
      wound. Clinical data are presented characterizing the course of the purulent
      process under conditions of the application of the proposed biological drainage,
      which proves the possibility to stimulate wound healing and to shorten the time
      of treatment of the patients.

PMID- 3381409
TI  - [Selection of the method of surgical treatment carotid body tumors].

PMID- 3381410
TI  - [Surgical treatment of giant endemic goiter].

PMID- 3381411
TI  - [Embolization of the gastroduodenal artery in roentgeno-endovascular
      interventions in cirrhosis and tumors of the liver].

PMID- 3381412
TI  - [Incarceration of the gallbladder in postoperative hernia].

PMID- 3381413
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of postoperative subphrenic abscesses].

PMID- 3381414
TI  - [Non-parasitic cysts of the spleen].

PMID- 3381415
TI  - [Complicated Treitz's hernia].

PMID- 3381416
TI  - [Analogy in the diagnostic thinking of a physician].
AB  - The author makes an analysis of the analogy as one of the main forms of the
      diagnozing process and clinical thinking of the physician. The logical essence of
      the analogy in diagnostics is described. To assess the degree of probability of
      diagnostic conclusions made by analogy the author proposes to take into
      consideration certain conditions allowing to avoid the mistakes resulting from an
      incorrect use of analogy and to raise the reliability of diagnostic suppositions.

PMID- 3381417
TI  - [Surgical treatment of suppurative epithelial pilonidal cysts].

PMID- 3381418
TI  - [Recurrent nodular panniculitis (Rothmann-Makai form)].

PMID- 3381419
TI  - [Urea in the local treatment of suppurative-inflammatory processes in soft
      tissues].

PMID- 3381421
TI  - Green for danger?

PMID- 3381420
TI  - [Administration of drugs by using a "MIlG-2" autoinjector].

PMID- 3381423
TI  - Economical preparation of fluids for intravenous use in cattle practice.
AB  - The equipment and materials necessary to prepare and safely administer fluids
      intravenously to cattle are described. The preparation and clinical uses of
      Hartmann's solution are discussed, together with modifications of the solution to
      permit its application to different disease states.

PMID- 3381422
TI  - Induction of parturition in swine with the prostaglandin analogue fenprostalene.
AB  - Ninety-one to 100 per cent of pregnant sows injected with 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg of
      fenprostalene on days 112, 113 or 114 of gestation began to farrow within 30
      hours of treatment, the majority during working hours on the day after injection.
      Induction of farrowing had no significant effect on the piglets' viability, the
      litter weight or the subsequent sow or litter performance. Treatment of sows with
      fenprostalene and oxytocin on day 114 of pregnancy resulted in a reduction in
      duration of farrowing compared with fenprostalene alone.

PMID- 3381424
TI  - Productivity effects of pig mange and control with ivermectin.

PMID- 3381425
TI  - High-cis permethrin for the control of sweet itch on horses.

PMID- 3381426
TI  - Illegal dog fighting.

PMID- 3381427
TI  - Tyzzer's disease in puppies.

PMID- 3381428
TI  - Isospora suis in pigs with post weaning diarrhoea.

PMID- 3381429
TI  - Atrophic rhinitis in pigs.

PMID- 3381430
TI  - Oral obstruction in a gold fish.

PMID- 3381431
TI  - Serological classification of pasteurella.

PMID- 3381432
TI  - Toxoplasmosis in cats.

PMID- 3381433
TI  - Bee disease prevention.

PMID- 3381434
TI  - MSc in laboratory animal science.

PMID- 3381435
TI  - Employment survey: 1986 graduates.

PMID- 3381436
TI  - Cortical function in cattle during slaughter: conventional captive bolt stunning
      followed by exsanguination compared with shechita slaughter.
AB  - Brain function was examined in adult cattle after conventional captive bolt
      stunning or shechita slaughter, using eight animals in each treatment. The times
      to loss of evoked responses (visual and somatosensory) and spontaneous activity
      in the electro-corticogram were used to determine the onset of brain failure.
      Captive bolt stunning followed by sticking one minute later resulted in immediate
      and irreversible loss of evoked responses after the stun. Spontaneous cortical
      activity was lost before sticking in three animals, and in an average of 10
      seconds after sticking in the remaining five animals. The duration of brain
      function after shechita was very variable, and particularly contrasted with
      captive bolt stunning with respect to the effects on evoked responses. These were
      lost between 20 and 126 seconds (means of 77 seconds for somatosensory and 55
      seconds for visual evoked responses) and spontaneous activity was lost between 19
      and 113 seconds (mean 75 seconds) after slaughter.

PMID- 3381437
TI  - Relationships between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, plasma proteins and
      viscosity, and leucocyte counts in thoroughbred racehorses.
AB  - The influence of plasma proteins on erythrocyte aggregation was studied in a
      population of young thoroughbred racehorses, using the 60 minute erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate (ESR) with and without haematocrit standardisation. The ESR
      was correlated inversely with the haematocrit, but directly with fibrinogen,
      plasma viscosity and serum total globulins. When ESR values were standardised to
      a common haematocrit the correlation coefficients for the same plasma protein
      factors were increased. Albumin levels showed a strong direct relationship with
      haematocrit which accounted for the inverse correlation found between albumin and
      ESR. The haematocrit standardised ESR showed no significant correlation with
      albumin levels. Total leucocyte and absolute neutrophil counts were not
      correlated with either ESR or haematocrit standardised ESR. The high correlation
      (r = 0.75) found between fibrinogen levels and haematocrit standardised ESR
      suggests that differences in this acute phase protein influence the degree of red
      cell aggregation and rouleaux formation in the horse.

PMID- 3381438
TI  - A flexed dorso-palmar projection of the equine fetlock in demonstrating lesions
      of the distal third metacarpus.

PMID- 3381439
TI  - Casualty slaughter.

PMID- 3381440
TI  - Ethics of embryo transfer.

PMID- 3381441
TI  - Ibuprofen toxicity.

PMID- 3381442
TI  - Confidentiality: broader issues.

PMID- 3381443
TI  - Rabbit anaesthetic deaths.

PMID- 3381444
TI  - Rotavirus diagnostic kits.

PMID- 3381445
TI  - Tortoise expertise.

PMID- 3381447
TI  - Oral obstruction in a goldfish.

PMID- 3381446
TI  - When to spay.

PMID- 3381448
TI  - Volvulus in the fowl.

PMID- 3381449
TI  - Effectiveness of a therapeutic drug monitoring service as an aid to the control
      of canine seizures.
AB  - The results presented were derived from an anticonvulsant monitoring service,
      provided for two years to practising veterinary surgeons, in which samples of
      serum were taken from dogs treated with either primidone or phenobarbitone. Of
      the 19 patients assessed, 13 were controlled after the recommended changes in
      dose had been made. Of the six patients not completely controlled after changes
      in dose, four had a much lower incidence of seizures but two did not respond to
      treatment in spite of having high serum phenobarbitone levels. There were large
      variations between the doses of anticonvulsant drugs required to reach
      therapeutic serum levels; these variations underlined the value of routine
      monitoring for improving the control of canine seizures.

PMID- 3381450
TI  - Generalised steatitis in an adult pony mare.
AB  - Equine steatitis is a rare condition which is usually reported in foals. A case
      of generalised steatitis in an adult pony mare is described and compared with
      steatitis in other species. It is concluded that the condition resembled that
      recorded in foals but that its aetiopathogenesis remains obscure.

PMID- 3381452
TI  - Repair of the traumatic oronasal fistula in the cat with a prosthetic acrylic
      implant.

PMID- 3381451
TI  - Mannosidosis in a litter of Persian cats.
AB  - Three kittens in a litter of Persian cats showed, from the age of eight weeks,
      tremor, ataxia, dysmetria, progressive weakness and emaciation. Cytoplasmic
      vacuolation was observed in neurons, mesenchymal and epithelial cells of tissues
      taken post mortem. The alpha-mannosidase activity of brain tissue of one cat
      tested was 4.8 per cent of control values and the urine of two cats contained
      large amounts of mannose-rich oligosaccharides.

PMID- 3381453
TI  - Colour mutant alopecia in Yorkshire terriers.

PMID- 3381454
TI  - Rabies in vaccinated dogs in Gabon.

PMID- 3381456
TI  - Defects in cats.

PMID- 3381457
TI  - Inherited problems in the German shepherd dog.

PMID- 3381455
TI  - Prepubic urethrostomy involving transplantation of the prepuce in the cat.

PMID- 3381458
TI  - Building a practice. Client meetings.

PMID- 3381459
TI  - The optimum time for neutering surgery of dogs and cats.

PMID- 3381460
TI  - Equine syncope.

PMID- 3381461
TI  - Controlling breeding in exotic animals.

PMID- 3381462
TI  - Serological studies of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae strains of
      serotype 6 and their antigenic relationship with other serotypes.
AB  - Serological tests such as agglutination, coagglutination, precipitation and
      indirect haemagglutination were used to study the antigenic relationship of
      reference and field strains of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae of
      serotype 6 with reference strains of other serotypes. Both cell-associated
      particulate and cell-free soluble antigens prepared from unheated and heat
      treated bacterial suspensions of reference and field strains of serotype 6 were
      used in the studies. Species-specific, common antigenic determinants associated
      mainly with heat-treated particulate antigens of serotype 6 were cross-reactive
      in tube agglutination tests with almost all the serotypes. The species-specific
      antigens were of a minor nature because the cross-reactivities were abolished in
      both 2-mercaptoethanol agglutination and coagglutination tests. Cell-free saline
      extracts of both unheated and heat-treated suspensions of serotype 6 strains
      possessed epitopes specific for serotypes 3, 5 and 8 in addition to their own
      specific determinants. The epitopes were dominant because the reactions of
      strains of serotype 6 with antisera against serotypes 3, 5 and 8 persisted in
      almost all the serological tests used. Serotype 6 strains were antigenically
      closer to serotype 8 than to serotypes 3 or 5. A combination of serological tests
      such as coagglutination followed by 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination and, or,
      immunodiffusion tests differentiated serotype 6 strains from those of other cross
      reacting serotypes.

PMID- 3381463
TI  - Infectious agents in respiratory disease of housed, fattening lambs in Northern
      Ireland.
AB  - A two-year longitudinal, microbiological and pathological survey of respiratory
      disease in lambs housed for fattening at three-and-a-half to four months of age
      was undertaken. In the first year samples of nasal mucus and blood were taken
      from lambs each week for the first nine weeks after entry to a fattening unit and
      each week one lamb was examined post mortem. In the second year two additional
      fattening units were included in the survey, when samples of blood and nasal
      mucus were taken from lambs twice weekly for three weeks after entry and two
      lambs from each unit were examined post mortem eight to 11 days after entry to
      the unit. In both years the lambs had a nasal discharge and were coughing.
      Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica were the organisms most
      consistently isolated from the lungs, trachea and nasal mucus. Mycoplasma
      arginini and parainfluenza-3 virus were also isolated. Post mortem examination
      lesions of atypical, pasteurella-type and parasitic pneumonias were seen. In the
      second year an abattoir survey of pneumonia lesions was undertaken. Areas of
      pulmonary consolidation were seen in 27.5 per cent, bands of consolidation in
      47.5 per cent and muellerius-type lesions in 28 per cent of the lungs examined.
      No significant correlation was found between the slaughter weights of the lambs
      and the extent of the lung lesions at slaughter.

PMID- 3381464
TI  - Congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformations in two young Friesian cattle.

PMID- 3381465
TI  - An attempt to induce clinical infectious keratoconjunctivitis in calves with
      naturally occurring Moraxella bovis infection.

PMID- 3381466
TI  - Illegal dog fighting.

PMID- 3381468
TI  - Prediction of calving times.

PMID- 3381467
TI  - Bovine TB and drought.

PMID- 3381469
TI  - Equine syncope.

PMID- 3381470
TI  - Ethics of embryo transfer.

PMID- 3381471
TI  - Flurbiprofen toxicity.

PMID- 3381472
TI  - When to spay.

PMID- 3381473
TI  - Bull fighting.

PMID- 3381474
TI  - Syringe hazard.

PMID- 3381475
TI  - The errant testicle.

PMID- 3381476
TI  - Vets of the World.

PMID- 3381477
TI  - Experimentally induced photosensitization in cattle with Cooperia pedunculata.
AB  - Photosensitization was induced in 2 Charolais heifers following administration of
      a mixture of air-dried, ground, green (75%) and dead (25%) leaves of the south
      Texas forb, Cooperia pedunculata, and subsequent exposure to sunlight. Plant
      material used in this study was collected from a pasture where natural cases of
      primary bovine photosensitization were occurring. Signs of photosensitization
      were observed in one heifer after 2 doses of plant material--10 g/kg on day 1 and
      5 g/kg on day 2. Continued administration of plant material at 5 g/kg/d on days
      3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 resulted in severe signs and lesions of photosensitization and
      death on day 23. A second heifer developed signs of mild photosensitization
      following administration of plant material at 1.7 g/kg/d for 4 days. This heifer
      recovered by day 18. Clinical and pathologic findings of this trial were
      consistent with the primary form of photosensitization observed in natural cases
      seen in cattle of south Texas exposed to this plant.

PMID- 3381478
TI  - Analysis of initial requests for information of non-exposure related topics at a
      regional poison center.
AB  - Regional poison centers have experienced continued growth for drug exposure
      related information. At our regional poison center, because of increased requests
      for information which is non-drug or non-exposure related, we chose to select a
      sampling of telephone inquiries to document such topics. We wished to document
      the demographics of the caller, the major category of information requested, the
      triage of the call, the pertinent history and quote of the call, and the
      interpretation of the call by our poison information specialists. Of the 164
      calls sampled, the majority of the calls were initiated from a home site (89%)
      with an adult (79.3%) female (62.2%) asking for the information. Of the ten major
      categories of non-drug or non-exposure related issues, general medical
      information was most often requested (65.2%). The poison specialists' triage of
      calls required no follow-up in 72% of calls, however 5.5% of the callers were
      directed to an emergency department, with 12.2% directed to another health agency
      for additional information. As funding for all medical and health related
      resources becomes limited, it is important the public be made aware of its own
      utilization of public resources. This will enable a basis for obtaining financial
      support outside of drug-related arenas, will return a positive statement to the
      public that not only do poison centers consult on exposures; but also that the
      dollars spent are utilized in an extremely widened brevity of information for the
      publics consumption. This information will support enhanced budget requests for
      personnel education and training in areas of non-drug or non-exposure related
      issues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381479
TI  - Childhood lead poisoning in radiator mechanics' children.

PMID- 3381480
TI  - Was it poisoning?

PMID- 3381481
TI  - A potpourri of pesticide poisonings in Alberta in 1987.
AB  - Several instances of what turned out to be pesticide and herbicide poisonings
      were investigated by us in 1987. They did not all occur in Alberta; some were
      referred. In addition, this laboratory did not investigate all pesticide
      incidents referred to Alberta Agriculture, as another laboratory is normally
      involved when pesticides are suspected from the outset. Perfunctory case
      histories are given along with brief analytical methodology for our use of GC/MS
      as an investigative tool in toxicological examinations. Four cases of carbofuran
      poisonings, 6 of lindane (sometimes in conjunction with other poisons), and 1
      each of picloram, phorate, chlordane and avitrol are reported. Linuron was also
      found on trees dying in a tree nursery.

PMID- 3381483
TI  - Patterns of public access to a regional poison control center: 1979 through 1986.
AB  - A routine part of the service provided by the New Mexico Poison and Drug
      Information Center is to perform at least 1 follow-up call on each poisoning
      case. Whenever practicable, public callers are asked an open-ended question
      during follow-up that determines where they found the poison center telephone
      number at the time of the original call. From 1979 through 1986, telephone number
      source data were collected from 101,905 public callers and categorized by 26
      possible descriptors. Annual data capture rates varied from 99% (1979) to 48%
      (1986). These data were examined to note any changes in public access to the
      Center in response to the initiation and implementation of a more aggressive
      public outreach program in 1982 and 1983, which were considered transition years.
      The other years were grouped as either pre-transition (1979-81) or post
      transition (1984-1986). Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes from
      the pre-transition years to the post-transition years included increased
      utilization of telephone labels (4.6% to 19.5%) and emergency department
      referrals (4.0% to 7.0%), while use of telephone directory listings and hospital
      operator referrals decreased (47.1% to 41.7% and 5.2% to 1.9%, respectively). In
      1986, the most frequently used telephone number sources were the telephone
      directory (41.6%), telephone labels (23.5%), emergency department referrals
      (7.8%) and directory assistance (5.0%).

PMID- 3381482
TI  - Seizures in a puppy.

PMID- 3381484
TI  - The acute toxicity and primary irritancy of 1-propoxy-2-propanol.
AB  - 1-Propoxy-2-propanol, a widely used industrial chemical, was found to have acute
      peroral LD50 values in the rat of 4.92 ml/kg (males) and 2.83 ml/kg (females),
      with the signs of systemic toxicity being principally related to narcosis. Acute
      percutaneous LD50 values in the rabbit (24-hr occluded) were 4.29 ml/kg (males)
      and 4.92 ml/kg (females); signs of systemic toxicity were related to narcosis,
      and local effects were severe inflammation and corrosion. There were signs of
      sensory irritation of the eye during a 6-hr exposure to a dynamically generated
      saturated vapor atmosphere, but no signs of toxicity during exposure or in a 14
      hr day postexposure observation period. A 4-hr occluded cutaneous application
      with 0.5 ml PP in rabbits produced mild to moderate erythema and edema of about 3
      days duration, but no signs of corrosion. Contamination of the eye (0.005 to 0.1
      ml PP) produced moderate to severe conjunctivitis (hyperaemia and chemosis), with
      mild iritis and diffuse mild keratitis; spontaneously healing occurred within 3
      days (0.005 ml) to 7 days (0.1 ml). The major acute hazards with PP are by
      swallowing, splash contamination of the eye, and sustained skin contact.

PMID- 3381485
TI  - Additional deaths associated with the intentional inhalation of typewriter
      correction fluid.
AB  - The previously published literature contains at least 27 deaths associated with
      the intentional concentration and inhalation of typewriter correction fluid
      (TCF). The solvent systems of TCF products include volatile halogenated
      hydrocarbons such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene. This report
      describes 3 additional deaths resulting from TCF abuse, including 1 case in which
      the addition of mustard oil to the product failed to deter abuse.

PMID- 3381486
TI  - Use of oral sodium polyacrylate in rat gastrointestinal alkali burns.
AB  - Alkali-induced injuries of the esophagus and stomach are currently medically
      managed with steroids and antibiotics. We investigated whether treatment with
      sodium polyacrylate (PANa), a proposed mucosal protectant, could decrease the
      deleterious effect of alkali injuries or prevent alkali injuries. Rats were
      randomized in 4 groups. Group I (control; n = 7) received 0.1 ml normal saline
      via gastric gavage. Groups II-IV received 0.1 ml 25% NaOH. Group II (n = 22)
      received no further treatment. Group III (n = 9) received 0.25% PANa ad lib in
      drinking water for 3 days prior to NaOH. Group IV received 0.25% PANa for 6 days
      after NaOH. Animals were weighed daily. At 6 days post NaOH, stomachs were
      removed from animals in Groups II-IV and burn lesions were outlined on tracing
      paper. 1 x 1 cm sections of burned areas were fixed, stained with H&E and
      histologically evaluated. In another study, 0.1 ml of 10% NaOH was given to 2
      groups of animals. Group I (n = 22) received no other treatment, while Group II
      (n = 13) received PANa ad lib in drinking water for 3 days prior to NaOH. Of the
      animals treated with 25% NaOH, only those in Group II showed a decrease mean
      weight which was statistically significant on Day 4, p = 0.016. Mean burn areas
      were statistically greater in Group II than in Group IV (p = 0.025), while
      histologically, lesions were similar. Pretreatment with PANa prior to 10% NaOH
      prevented the weight loss which occurred daily in the control animals.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381487
TI  - A poison center's emergency response plan.
AB  - Over 30 major chemical accidents have occurred in the tri-state area during the
      last decade. A recent incident involved a train which was carrying at least 5
      toxic chemicals and was derailed in a heavily populated area causing 20,000
      residents to be evacuated from their homes twice in 24 hr. In a 30-hr period over
      900 calls were received at the poison center and approximately 80 people were
      examined at local health care facilities and treated for symptoms of toxic fume
      inhalation. This incident prompted the poison center to evaluate our emergency
      response capabilities. A strategy was developed to enable the poison center to
      deal with an increased call volume rapidly and effectively. Our Emergency
      Response Plan includes a chain of command for notification in the event of an
      anticipated increase in call volume; delineated responsibilities for medical,
      administrative, and professional staff members; designation of phone lines for
      incoming and outgoing calls; and a means of documenting both poison exposures and
      inquiries regarding the chemicals. So that staff members may report to the center
      without delay, child care provisions are also included. The development of the
      Emergency Response Plan, potential applications, and a synopsis of the
      aforementioned chemical spill will be discussed in detail.

PMID- 3381488
TI  - Identification of common houseplants in the emergent care setting.
AB  - One of the many bonds shared by poison center and emergency medicine staffs is
      the fear of plant misidentification. Although serious plant ingestions are
      uncommon, with all plant exposures totaling 8.3% of the American Association of
      Poison Control Centers' (AAPCC) 1985 data, it remains advisable to evaluate the
      ability of emergency medicine health care personnel to identify common
      houseplants and their toxic principles. Comparison of popular (based on sales)
      common houseplant lists obtained from two local nurseries and AAPCC 1985 reported
      plant exposure data enabled formulation of a 12-plant test vehicle. Specimens
      were photographed and the color slides viewed by the participants in a 40-minute
      presentation. Fifty-six health care professionals from 2 teaching institutions
      were tested. None of the participants (0%) were correct on all 12 specimens
      presented. Only 17% of the plants were identified correctly by common name. A
      mere 13% were correctly identified as being toxic or nontoxic. Although fewer
      females were tested (N = 14), they did better proportionately than males in
      visual identifications (28% vs 12% of all data points correct). Overall study
      results indicate a significant need for further staff education in medical botany
      and phytotoxins.

PMID- 3381489
TI  - Should we X-ray Halloween candy? Revisited.
AB  - The well-intentioned program of X-raying Halloween candy is costly. The annual
      expense to the 3 local hospitals in the Reno/Sparks area was $1625.62. The price
      to X-ray each bag ranged from $2.01 to $5.23 (average $3.38). On the basis of our
      total regional population statistics, the nation could be spending as much as
      $0.8-$1.4 million to screen Halloween candy. Radiographic screening of Halloween
      candy is not effective. Of the 394 X-rays taken in the 3 local hospitals, and the
      669 taken in 18 outlying hospitals, no films were positive for hidden radio
      opaque forein bodies. Not only is X-raying Halloween candy costly and
      ineffective, it also creates several problems. Children taking their candy to the
      hospital on Halloween night risk involvement in traffic accidents. The
      implication that X-rayed candy is "safe" carries potential liability. Additional
      drawbacks and risks arise from crowds composed mostly of children in the
      Radiology Dept and Emergency Room, and from disruption of vital hospital
      functions. In October, 1986, a program for community education and cooperation
      among all 3 area hospitals was developed. No X-rays were offered in the
      Reno/Sparks area. There were no police reports of contaminated candy for this
      Halloween following implementation of this program, compared to 4 reports for the
      preceding 2 years.

PMID- 3381490
TI  - Comparison of the toxic and antigenic properties of single bovine isolates of
      Pasteurella haemolytica representing five serotypes and an untypable strain.
AB  - Single strains of 5 different P. haemolytica serotypes (1, 2, 5, 6 and 9) and an
      untypable strain were compared in an attempt to detect differences which might be
      related to virulence. All but the untypable strain caused extensive lesions when
      injected into the lungs of healthy cattle. Each strain was found to be
      encapsulated and to be toxic in vitro for bovine leukocytes. Each strain also
      produced leukotoxin in vitro. The toxins varied, however, in total toxic activity
      and in the kinetics of leukotoxin production. Vaccination of cattle with each of
      the serotype strains elicited antibodies to organism somatic antigens and, to
      various degrees, the production of leukotoxin-neutralizing antibodies which
      showed no strain specificity in cross-neutralization studies. Although each of
      the serotype strains appeared to be a potential bovine pathogen, subtle
      differences were observed which may explain the importance of Serotype 1 strains
      in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.

PMID- 3381491
TI  - The effect of different levels of iron intake on the multiplication of
      Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in C57 and C3H mice.
AB  - Two groups of C57 and C3H mice of 5 weeks of age were infected via the
      intraperitoneal route with 2.0 mg (wet weight) of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
      These were maintained with a similar number of segregated and non-inoculated mice
      of the same strains under specially controlled conditions of low, medium and high
      iron intake. Mice were killed and bled at 7 months post-infection and assessments
      of haematological parameters and the degree of mycobacterial granulomatous
      involvement of abdominal and other tissues were made. In addition, the total
      mycobacterial numbers visible in macrophages in standardized histological
      sections of liver, spleen and bone marrow in the presence or absence of stainable
      iron storage compounds were assessed using a double staining technique for iron
      and mycobacteria. Moderate to marked anaemia in both C57 and C3H mice on low iron
      intake, irrespective of infection, indicated that an effective low iron status
      was achieved in the animals by dietary manipulation. Medium and high iron intake
      groups exhibited normal haematological parameters. Iron storage compounds were
      readily visible in liver microgranulomas of mice on medium and high, but not on
      low iron intake. In liver, spleen and bone marrow samples, mycobacterial counts
      in iron-containing microgranulomas were significantly higher than in those
      without stainable iron. Increased frequencies of residual and progressive
      infection were associated with increased iron intake. The greater susceptibility
      of the C57 strain was evident from the significantly higher liver microgranuloma
      counts, higher mycobacterial numbers and greater progressive infection when
      compared with the C3H strain. These findings in mice strongly suggest that slow
      multiplication of M. paratuberculosis is enhanced in iron-replete compared with
      iron-deficient macrophages. This enhancement occurs despite the capacity of the
      less susceptible strain of mouse to limit the spread of the organism within the
      body.

PMID- 3381493
TI  - [Prognostic significance of the localization of skin melanoma in the BANS (back,
      arm, neck) zone].
AB  - The study compared the clinico-morphologic features of 105 cases of
      histologically verified malignant melanoma of the skin involving BANS zone and
      those of 450 controls. The former tumors predominated in males and more often
      become ulcerated. The end results were similar in both groups. Involvement of
      BANS zone was shown to be irrelevant in prognosis of skin melanoma.

PMID- 3381492
TI  - Isolation of Mycoplasma salivarium from swine.
AB  - Mycoplasma salivarium, a common human oropharyngeal mycoplasma, was isolated from
      nasal and pharyngeal secretions of 14 of 284 swine in a barrier-maintained,
      disease-free herd. M. salivarium was recovered from one boar 6 times over a 26
      month period and one time only from 13 other swine. Human isolates of M.
      salivarium were compared with the swine isolates by DNA-DNA hybridization and SDS
      PAGE of the cell proteins and the strains were shown to be closely related. One
      of eight of the swine from which M. salivarium was isolated had complement-fixing
      antibodies and another culture-positive animal had metabolic-inhibiting
      antibodies to M. salivarium. Overt disease was not associated with the organism.
      These results support previous findings that mycoplasmas closely related to M.
      salivarium may be isolated from the nasopharynges of swine and they further
      indicate that the organism can establish persistently in swine without evidence
      of overt disease.

PMID- 3381494
TI  - [Use of nitrosourea derivatives in the treatment of patients with Hodgkin's
      disease with lesions of the central nervous system].
AB  - The study deals with the effectiveness of nitrosourea derivatives
      (nitrosomethylurea and CCNU) used for monochemotherapy or polychemotherapy in
      combination with vinca alkaloids, natulan and prednisolone in 22 patients
      suffering Hodgkin's disease with spinal cord and intracranial involvement.
      Complete regression of neurologic symptoms was seen in 61.1% of patients with
      spinal cord dysfunction and in 3 of 4 cases of brain involvement. The
      effectiveness of nitrosomethylurea-based regimens did not differ-significantly
      from those including CCNU. The longest complete remission obtained was 124+
      months. No relationship was found between the type, degree and duration of
      symptoms, on the one hand, and the likelihood of achieving complete remission, on
      the other.

PMID- 3381495
TI  - [Evaluation of the immune status of patients with cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Decreased natural killer (NK) activity and its inverse correlation with the level
      of circulating immune complexes were shown. Lowered NK activity was found to be
      associated with unfavorable prognosis.

PMID- 3381496
TI  - [Medical and vocational rehabilitation of patients with microinvasive cancer of
      the cervix uteri after organ-sparing surgery].
AB  - The report discusses the data on rehabilitation of 198 cases of cervical
      carcinoma in situ following conoid diathermoexcision versus the end results.
      Organ-saving procedures were shown to considerably cut down duration of
      treatment, to help restore working ability within relatively short period and to
      keep generative function intact.

PMID- 3381497
TI  - [Relation between epithelial dysplasia and early cancer of the stomach].
AB  - Mild to severe dysplasia ranked first among precancerous lesions in gastric
      adenoma and stomach stump gastritis. Repeated gastric biopsy of adenomas revealed
      enhancement of dysplasia proceeding to papillary adenocarcinoma. Epithelial
      dysplasia invariably occurred in areas adjacent to early carcinoma. A
      relationship was established between the pattern of dysplasia and histologic type
      of cancer. As dysplasia advanced, the ultrastructural signs of cell atypia became
      more pronounced. The electron microscopic features of severe dysplasia were
      similar to those of carcinoma.

PMID- 3381498
TI  - [Cytomorphology of fasciitis and its differential diagnosis].
AB  - Cytohistologic correlations were studied in 15 cases of fasciitis (nodular--10
      and proliferative--5). Cytologic examination of punctate obtained from tumor-like
      lesions of the soft tissue is the only morphologic procedure available for
      pretreatment diagnosis of fasciitis. It assured a reliable diagnosis in 9 out of
      15 cases. Intraoperatively, correct diagnosis was made in 12 out of 15 patients.
      Cytologic examination should be used in both out--and inpatients as well as for
      making urgent intraoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 3381499
TI  - [Activation of natural antitumor resistance in cancer patients during a delayed
      hypersensitivity reaction].
AB  - Factors influencing the effectiveness of BCG vaccine employed as part of complex
      therapy were studied in cases of lung and gastrointestinal cancer. The drug
      showed clinical effect and stimulated the effector function of monocytes, natural
      and antibody-dependent killers in tuberculin-positive patients only. The degree
      of stimulation was in correlation with that of delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
      A relationship between stimulation, increase in the level of effector-cells and
      intensification of cytolytic activity was established.

PMID- 3381500
TI  - [Use of the data of quantitative analysis of organo-systemic distribution of
      tumors in the evaluation of real hazards of chemical carcinogens].
AB  - The study was concerned with objective criteria for identification of actual
      carcinogenic hazards. It used quantitative analysis data on morphologic
      structures of tumors induced in 12565 albino noninbred rats in the course of
      carcinogenicity evaluation of 112 chemical agents. The totality of all the data
      were analyzed versus morphologic parameters of tumors and carcinogenicity of the
      agents. Spontaneous tumors turned to be the cause of death in animals treated
      with noncarcinogenic or slightly carcinogenic agents whereas a completely
      different spectrum of tumors were responsible for lethality in those receiving
      potent carcinogens. It was inferred that increased incidence of spontaneous
      tumors following treatment with maximum tolerable doses can not be used as a
      criterion of actual blastogenicity of an agent.

PMID- 3381501
TI  - [Stimulating effects of 3% acetic acid on the induction of esophageal tumors in
      rats].
AB  - The probe--mediated intragastric injection of 50 mg/kg ethyl ether of N
      nitrososarcosine (EENS) 5 times a week for 6 months was followed by the
      development of multiple tumors in 91.8% of 120 noninbred male rats supplied by a
      local animal farm: esophagus--85.7%, fore-stomach--73.4% and throat--22.4%. The
      lesions in the esophagus and the fore-stomach entry were similarly frequent (61.2
      75.5%) which was matched by a much lower incidence rate (22.4%) for the remaining
      parts of the fore-stomach. The combined intragastric injection of 3% acetic acid
      (0.5 ml thrice a week) for 8 months and EENS for 6 months boosted the total
      frequency of neoplasms to 100% and resulted in increased multiplicity of tumor-
      from 9.8--10.7 for EENS alone to 14.5 for EENS + acetic acid. Most lesions
      occurred in the fore-stomach entry as far as the level of tumor (squamous cell
      carcinoma and papilloma) development, frequency and relative risk (number of
      tumors. v. actual number of animals) are concerned. A long--term treatment with
      3% acetic acid alone was followed by chronic inflammation of the esophageal
      mucosa rather than tumor development.

PMID- 3381502
TI  - [Regional characteristics of anticancer education].
AB  - An effective prevention of primary cancer is not feasible unless programs of
      cancer control education intended for specific populations have been developed.
      The paper compares the questionnaire-based data on 3442 residents of Moscow and
      certain regions in the Central Asia and Northern Caucasus for 1964-1984. It was
      found that the standards of cancer control education are still low. Only 15-20%
      are prepared to receive treatment for chronic diseases to prevent cancer and only
      34-55% see a point in occupational screenings for early cancer detection. 40.5%
      ignore regular screenings, two-thirds deliberately avoid them and 14% admit
      apprehension that cancer may be detected. A healthy way of life is considered
      effective in avoiding cancer by 33--48% only. The report discusses certain age-
      and occupation-related recommendations on education in prevention of malignant
      tumors, including measures aimed at promoting a healthy way of life and giving up
      alcohol and smoking.

PMID- 3381503
TI  - [Computer evaluation of the indicators of the blood circulation system in
      patients with ischemic heart disease associated with hypertension].

PMID- 3381504
TI  - [Tumors of the spinal cord and pregnancy].

PMID- 3381505
TI  - [Megavolt therapy of patients with lumbosacral radiculitis].

PMID- 3381506
TI  - [Allergic effect of caprolactam in mammals].

PMID- 3381508
TI  - [Detection of occupational trinitrotoluene cataract].

PMID- 3381507
TI  - [ECG changes in workers exposed to a hot microclimate, noise and lead aerosols].

PMID- 3381509
TI  - [Dermatoglyphics in patients with dust-induced bronchitis].

PMID- 3381510
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course and pathomorphology of
      meningoencephalitis of influenzal etiology in patients with chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 3381511
TI  - [Lipid peroxidation in different variants of the initial manifestations of
      cerebrovascular insufficiency of arteriosclerotic origin].

PMID- 3381512
TI  - [Structural changes in the kidneys in acute forms of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 3381513
TI  - [Changes in the phosphatase activity of hepatocytes in acute occlusion of the
      arteries of the legs].

PMID- 3381514
TI  - [Characteristics of the cardiac diastole in post-infarction cardiosclerosis].

PMID- 3381516
TI  - [Differentiated therapy of patients with hypertension].

PMID- 3381515
TI  - [Corinfar in the treatment of patients in the initial stages of arterial
      hypertension].

PMID- 3381517
TI  - [Echocardiographic data in different forms of hypertension].

PMID- 3381518
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of non-rheumatic myocarditis].

PMID- 3381519
TI  - [Roentgenological signs of mitral valve defects in elderly patients].

PMID- 3381520
TI  - [Idiopathic hypertrophic subvalvular stenosis associated with Weber-Christian
      disease].

PMID- 3381521
TI  - [A rheoscopic method in the evaluation of the rheological properties of the blood
      in cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 3381522
TI  - [Use of chemiluminometry in the diagnosis of lung diseases].

PMID- 3381524
TI  - [Complex treatment of patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis
      associated with chronic opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 3381523
TI  - [External respiratory function in the complex treatment of patients with an
      atopic form of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3381525
TI  - [Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis detected during preventive fluorographic
      examination].

PMID- 3381526
TI  - [Prevention of meteorologic pathological reactions in patients with ischemic
      heart disease and neurocirculatory asthenia].

PMID- 3381527
TI  - [Urinary fibrinolytic enzyme activity in systemic diseases and chronic
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 3381529
TI  - [Food allergy in patients with pruritic dermatoses].

PMID- 3381530
TI  - [Use of alpha-tocopherol in the complex treatment of patients with peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3381531
TI  - [Remote results of the preventive treatment of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 3381528
TI  - [A case of severe systemic allergy].

PMID- 3381532
TI  - [Correction of disorders of amino acid metabolism in patients with
      encephalopathies caused by critical conditions and resuscitation].

PMID- 3381533
TI  - [Hypothalamic dysfunctions in men with mixed forms of coital disorders].

PMID- 3381534
TI  - [Sex disorders of vascular origin in men].

PMID- 3381535
TI  - [Instrumental methods of examination in the diagnosis of chronic meningeal
      lesions].

PMID- 3381536
TI  - [Immunoglobulin level in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with brain tumors in
      relation to their histological structure].

PMID- 3381537
TI  - [Tumors of the brain and spinal cord in 2 sisters].

PMID- 3381538
TI  - [Cytoenzymological diagnosis of malignant lesions of the lymph nodes and spleen].

PMID- 3381539
TI  - Structure determination of metabolites of rilmazafone, a 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl
      benzophenone derivative in monkey urine.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of a new hypnotic 5-[(2-aminoacetamido)methyl]- 1-[4-chloro-2
      (o-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-tr iaz ole-3-carboxamide
      hydrochloride dihydrate (rilmazafone hydrochloride) was studies in female
      cynomolgus monkeys. 2. The structures of ten urinary metabolites were determined
      by mass spectrometry, and confirmed by comparison with synthetic authentic
      compounds. 3. Pathways of metabolism are postulated indicating that rilmazafone
      is desglycylated and cyclized to M-1, demethylated successively to M-2 and M-3,
      then hydrolysed to M-4, or hydroxylated at the 4-position of benzodiazepine ring
      or the p-position of the o-chlorophenyl group.

PMID- 3381540
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of sulphadimethoxine in the lobster, Homarus americanus,
      following intrapericardial administration.
AB  - 1. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of intrapericardially
      administered sulphadimethoxine were studied in the lobster Homarus americanus. 2.
      Pharmacokinetic analysis of haemolymph concentration-time data indicated that a
      two compartment model best described sulphadimethoxine disposition, and that
      there were no apparent sex differences in the lobster. Analysis of total body
      clearance (Clb), apparent steady-state volume of distribution (Vss), area under
      the curve, and plasma protein binding in lobsters receiving 21, 42 and 55 mg/kg
      sodium sulphadimethoxine indicated that the pharmacokinetics were independent of
      dose. 3. Mean parameter estimates for Clb, Vss, and terminal half life were 13.8
      ml/h/kg, 1369 ml/kg, and 76.7 h, respectively. Binding of sulphadimethoxine to
      haemolymph proteins was linear, with a mean of 53.5% bound. 4. Analysis of the
      tissue distribution of radiolabelled sulphadimethoxine at 4, 48 and 336 hours
      after a 42 mg/kg dose indicated that sulphadimethoxine was excreted slowly by the
      lobster, with the muscle, shell and haemolymph holding the largest fraction of
      the dose at early times. After 2 weeks, 9.5% of the radiolabel remained in the
      animal, with the hepatopancreas and digestive tract holding the greatest
      concentration of the dose.

PMID- 3381541
TI  - Disposition of 6-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl nitrate, a new anti-anginal compound, in
      rats and dogs.
AB  - 1. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 6-chloro-2-
      pyridylmethyl nitrate, a new anti-anginal compound, were investigated in rats and
      dogs after intravenous and peroral administration of the 14C-labelled or
      unlabelled drug. 2. The half-lives of plasma levels for the alpha and beta phase
      and systemic availability were 6 min, 42 min and 26-50% respectively in rats, and
      8 min, 66 min and 5% respectively in dogs. 3. Radioactivity was rapidly
      distributed in the tissues of rats, and recovered mainly in the 0-24 h urine (95%
      of dose within 24 h) with no excretion in the expired air. 4. Several metabolites
      were detected on t.l.c. of rat and dog urine, and four were identified as N
      (chloro-2-pyridylcarbonyl)-glycine (M1, 56%), N-acetyl-S-(6- chloro-2
      pyridylmethyl)-L-cysteine (M2, 29%), 6-chloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (M3, 5%)
      and 6-chloro-2-pyridylmethyl. beta-D-glucuronate (M4, 7%). No unchanged drug was
      excreted.

PMID- 3381542
TI  - In vitro metabolism of the methylthio group of 2-methylthiobenzothiazole by rat
      liver.
AB  - 1. When 2-methylthiobenzothiazole and 35S-labelled glutathione (GSH) were
      incubated with rat liver homogenates, both 35S-labelled S-(2-benzothiazolyl)
      glutathione and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole were isolated from the reaction mixtures.
      Glutathione-S-transferase appears to be involved in the S-(2
      benzothiazolyl)glutathione (GBZ) formation. 2. The evidence indicates that 2
      methylthiobenzothiazole is oxidized to its corresponding methylsulphoxide and/or
      methylsulphone which becomes a substrate for GSH conjugation. 3. Degradation
      products identified from the methylthio group were formaldehyde and sulphate. 4.
      Although sulphur is exchanged in this pathway, the net result of this pathway
      which involves oxidation of the methylthio group and GSH conjugation is an
      apparent S-demethylation of the methylthio group. 5. Another S-demethylation
      pathway which does not involve GSH conjugation also functioned in vitro.

PMID- 3381543
TI  - A kidney perfusion method for metabolism studies with chickens using propachlor
      as a model.
AB  - 1. A procedure for directly perfusing chicken kidneys in situ with xenobiotics is
      described. 2. When propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) or the
      glutathione, cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates of propachlor were
      individually perfused through chicken kidneys, propachlor mercapturate was
      isolated from the urine and identified as an end product, indicating that all
      enzymes necessary for mercapturic acid formation were present in chicken kidney.

PMID- 3381544
TI  - An immunohistochemical study of proliferative disorders of histiocytes.

PMID- 3381546
TI  - Membrane potential in luteal cells from cyclic rats: relationship to
      steroidogenic capacity.

PMID- 3381545
TI  - Characterization of tumor specific antigens on the plasma membrane surface of rat
      hepatomas induced by 3'-Me DAB and identification of the common tumor specific
      antigens from rat hepatomas induced by different chemical hepatocarcinogens.

PMID- 3381547
TI  - Quantitative and morphologic changes of epidermal Langerhans cell after
      photochemotherapy in guinea pigs.

PMID- 3381548
TI  - Photochemotherapy-induced lentigines on a vitiliginous patch. Electron
      microscopic observations.

PMID- 3381549
TI  - Behcet's syndrome in Korea: a look at the clinical picture.

PMID- 3381550
TI  - Concurrent tuberculosis of the larynx and the tonsil.

PMID- 3381551
TI  - Pleural aspergillosis.

PMID- 3381552
TI  - [Noninvasive assessment of aortic and mitral valve insufficiencies with dynamic
      magnetic resonance tomography].
AB  - Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in patients with aortic
      regurgitation (N = 14) and/or mitral regurgitation (N = 13), documented and
      graded for severity by angiography. Eight healthy persons were studied for
      comparison. Turbulent retrograde blood flow through incompetent valves causes
      signal loss of blood, thus permitting detection of the valvular defect. To
      determine the severity of regurgitation by dynamic MRI, several parameters were
      analyzed, including the number of slices with visible signal loss, the time
      course of the signal loss, and its maximal area and maximal volume. All
      regurgitant lesions were visualized in dynamic images. The area of signal loss
      correlated well with the angiographic severity of aortic and mitral
      regurgitation. A slightly better correlation was found for the volume of signal
      loss. Significant differences were also found for the other parameters. Analysis
      of the regurgitant jet, characterized by signal loss on dynamic MR images permits
      a semiquantitative assessment of the severity of regurgitant lesions of left
      sided valves. Three-dimensional determination of the jet volume is a possible
      advantage of MRI compared to other noninvasive methods.

PMID- 3381553
TI  - [ST segment changes in long-term ECG in healthy heart probands].
AB  - 100 healthy medical students were studied with 24-h Holter monitoring for ST
      segment evaluation. Six recordings (1.8% of males and 11.6% of females) contained
      at least one episode of horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression of at
      least 0.1 mV or more and 1 min duration in the V-5-like lead. Since ST-segment
      elevations (in 73% of the recordings in the V-5-like lead, and in 40% in the V-2
      like lead) and discordant (negative) T-waves associated with ST-segment
      depressions (in 31% of the recordings in the V-2-like lead) were commonly seen,
      these ECG findings have to be considered as nonspecific. During exercise tests
      using a protocol of maximal work load, not one of these healthy individuals
      displayed typical ST-segment depressions indicative of myocardial ischemia.
      Therefore, typical documented ST-segment alterations in Holter-ECG recordings
      should be used with caution when observed in individuals with suspected coronary
      heart disease, particularly when they are female.

PMID- 3381554
TI  - [Walk-through phenomenon in angina pectoris: long-term study (10 years) of 10
      patients].
AB  - The long-term results of ten patients (nine male, one female) are reported, who
      during their initial examinations (1977) complained of the classical symptoms of
      a "walk-through phenomenon" (WTPH). All patients showed typical signs of coronary
      insufficiency in the exercise-ECG and in the wedge pressure response during
      exercise. Nine patients (mean age 49 years) had documented myocardial
      infarctions, one suffered from coronary heart disease without infarction. In
      seven patients coronary angiography was performed. 10 months after the beginning
      of the WTPH, four patients continued to show signs of ischemia during exercise
      after anginal symptoms had disappeared. In the other six patients the ischemia
      disappeared together with the loss of AP. 10 years after the first examination
      nine patients are still alive. One patient died in 1981 due to a subsequent
      infarction of the posterior wall. Three of four patients who underwent aorto
      coronary bypass operation (ACB) are now without signs of ischemia during
      exercise. The fourth patient with ACB suffered a re-infarction in 1982. None of
      the other five patients are still suffering from WTPH. Exercise tolerance
      decreased in one and increased in three patients, all being limited by typical AP
      showing signs of ischemia. In the group of WTPH-patients, the low morbidity and
      mortality is remarkable. However, in all patients WTPH appears to be apparent
      only in the first few months after onset. Thereafter, WTPH changes to classical
      stable AP.

PMID- 3381555
TI  - [Noninvasive determination of left ventricular diastolic filling parameters using
      Doppler echocardiography: clinical application in patients with coronary heart
      disease].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize noninvasively left ventricular
      diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), by the use of
      pulsed Dopplerecho. 139 consecutive patients with CAD (with myocardial
      infarction, MI, n = 110; without MI, n = 29) were included in the study and
      compared to 67 normal subjects. Analyzing age-matched subgroups, patients with
      CAD and MI showed a significantly lower peak early diastolic filling velocity (R)
      as compared to normal subjects. The ratio (E/L) of early (E) to late (L) filling
      velocity integral as well as the ratio of peak early (R) to peak late (A) filling
      velocity were significantly lower in patients with MI than in normal subjects.
      Furthermore, A was lower in patients with MI, as compared to patients without MI.
      There were no significant differences between patients with single-vessel and
      multi-vessel disease. The ejection fraction was not significantly related to the
      diastolic filling parameters. In the normal population (aged 15-66 years) all
      diastolic filling parameters tested showed a significant correlation with age.
      The best correlation was found with the E/L ratio (r = -0.63, p less than 0.001).
      In contrast, there was no significant correlation between age and any of the
      diastolic filling parameters in patients with CAD. In patients with MI and left
      ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg, E/L
      was within normal limits, however, and was higher than in patients with LVEDP
      less than or equal to 14 mm Hg (LVEDP greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg: 2.1 +/-
      1.5 SD vs. LVEDP less than or equal to 14 mm Hg: 1.09 +/- 0.38 SD, p less than
      0.003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381556
TI  - [Blockade of the left stellate ganglion using a drug reservoir pump. A new
      treatment method in the QT syndrome].
AB  - In patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) the therapy of first choice is the
      administration of propranolol (2-4 mg/kg of body weight daily). If not effective
      alone, a combination of propranolol and phenytoin (200 mg daily) has proved to be
      effective. Nevertheless, in about 7% of cases medical therapy failed to prevent
      serious arrhythmic events. A 28-year-old woman suffered tachyarrhythmic episodes
      despite medical treatment. After additional pharmacological blockade of the left
      stellate ganglion, using an implantable pump catheter system (Secor) a stable
      heart rhythm could be achieved. No more syncopes were reported in this patient.
      In the case of failing medical therapy, the implantation of a pump catheter
      system could be an alternative method to surgical left ganglion stellectomy.

PMID- 3381558
TI  - [Theoretical longevity and biological functional time].
AB  - It is shown in this study that the theoretical life span of an human being is
      given by the sum of two parts: the inverse value of its aging rate mu o, and the
      age tmw at the maximal growth rate. The age tmw is used as a unit of individual
      biological or functional time, which is an irreversible value.

PMID- 3381557
TI  - Changes with age in leucocyte counts, protein and IgG content of lumbar
      cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with inflammatory, ischemic, and
      hemorrhagic diseases or tumors of the central nervous system (CNS).
AB  - Parameters of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and of humoral and cellular
      immune response were determined in lumbar CSF and blood serum samples from 717
      patients and statistically compared to "healthy" controls (n = 190). Leucocyte
      counts (mainly mononuclear cells), total protein and IgG levels in CSF were
      significantly higher, and prealbumin fraction mostly lower in patients, besides
      other alterations of protein electrophoresis. Serum fractions (median) of protein
      electrophoresis were within the reference range. When parameters were correlated
      with age, a significant increase of total protein of 1.62 mg/dl and of IgG of
      0.13 mg/dl per 10 years of age was found in lumbar CSF of controls. Elevated
      leucocyte counts did not correlate with age of patients, but they increased
      significantly with age, with respect to controls, to a higher extent in patients
      with polyneuritis, ischemia and injury; they decreased in patients with brain
      tumors and polyneuropathy. When compared to controls, elevated total protein
      levels significantly increased with age only with tumors and injury patients. In
      multiple sclerosis, IgG increased and beta-globulin fraction decreased
      significantly in CSF with age. The findings point to age-dependent alterations of
      BBB and immune response only in some patients groups which were different from
      those of controls.

PMID- 3381559
TI  - [Lipogenesis, aging and hormonal regulation].
AB  - Thyroid hormones stimulate hepatic synthesis of fatty acids, as well as the
      activities of lipogenic enzymes. According to the present study, an age
      dependence factor is also partially present. In livers of 3- and 18-month-old
      rats of the Wistar strain, both the velocity of fatty acid synthesis and the
      activities of lipogenic enzymes were measured in dependence on thyroid function.
      An impaired stimulation of malic enzyme activity under the conditions of
      hyperthyreosis was found in the older animals. The rate of fatty acid synthesis
      was diminished in the group of 18-month-old rats, but there was no age-dependence
      in respect of the effect of a variation in thyroid status. In adipose tissue of
      older animals, the activities of lipogenic enzymes were lowered. In this tissue
      no effects of thyroid hormones in both young and old rats were observed.

PMID- 3381560
TI  - Long-term treatment with cortisol: influence on proliferation, aging and
      glycosaminoglycan synthesis of cultured human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38).
AB  - Long-term treatment (several weeks and months) of cultured human diploid
      fibroblasts (WI-38) with cortisol (1.4 x 10(-7) M) stimulated proliferative
      activity and cellular glycosaminoglycan synthesis, thus counteracting the normal
      in vitro aging process. Characterization of the individual glycosaminoglycan
      types revealed an increased portion of cellular hyaluronic acid in cells treated
      with cortisol. Elevated synthesis of total glycosaminoglycans and, especially, of
      hyaluronic acid was found in the percellular pool (as determined by the amount
      liberated from the cells by trypsin treatment).

PMID- 3381561
TI  - [Age-related changes in glycosaminoglycans in the cell nuclei of the rat liver-
      biochemical and histochemical pilot studies].
AB  - Cell nuclei of the livers of 12 male Wistar rats aged 24 months, and 16 male
      Wistar rats aged 4 months were isolated. 0.4 microCi [3H]-glucosamine/kg body
      weight were administered intraperitoneally. The livers of four animals were used
      for each biochemical analysis. The tissue was degraded by proteolysis, the
      glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were isolated and the GAG types were determined by
      enzyme digestion, nitrite degradation and radiometry. The amount of GAGs was
      photometrically determined in single samples of pooled material of each of the
      two age groups. In paraffin sections (from other male Wistar rats of a different
      age), the influence of enzymes on specific GAG staining was observed. Most of the
      radioactivity was found in heparan sulfate (HS) and a lower content in
      chondroitin sulfates (CSs). In HS the incorporation increased with increasing
      age. The amount of HS showed no age-related differences. The results indicate an
      age-related activation of the HS metabolism. The GAG pattern and the age-related
      changes of the GAG types in total tissue (earlier results) are different from
      those in the nuclei. By histochemical methods, we observed a small but distinct
      effect of heparitinase in the cell nuclei.

PMID- 3381562
TI  - [Size of the cell nucleus and nucleus-cytoplasm relations in pinealocytes in
      humans of middle and advanced age].
AB  - In the presented light microscope study, the question was examined of whether the
      size of the nucleus and nucleolus, respectively the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio of
      pinealocytes, are changed in different human age groups. We investigated the
      pineals of 30 to 40-year-old men in comparison with those from patients who were
      older than 70 years. The investigation was performed with smears of the pineal
      gland which were stained according to Pappenheim (May-Grunwald and Giemsa
      method). The results show that the nuclear size of the pinealocytes of the
      younger men (30 to 40-year-olds) is 92 micron 2 and is significantly larger than
      in the older patients; in this age group the nuclear area is only 75 micron 2.
      The cell size of the pinealocytes shows no differences between both age groups.
      From these data a nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio of 1:1.77 was calculated for the 30
      to 40-year-old men. In the age group of the over 70-year-olds, this ratio is
      significantly decreased to 1:2.13. Concerning the nucleoli in the 30 to 40-year
      old men a value of 10.1 micron 2 was measured, which is significantly different
      from the 7.8 micron 2 for the over 70-year-old patients. On the basis of well
      known criteria of nuclear size and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, our study
      underlines the higher functional significance of the pineal gland in the younger
      decades of life.

PMID- 3381563
TI  - [Psychometric aspects of age-related changes in attention--demonstration in a
      rat].
AB  - Knowledge of human brain functions can often be obtained from psychobiological
      experiments carried out with animals. Lack of specification and sensitivity of
      the applied psychometric procedures may occasionally considerably limit the
      quality and degree of interpretation of the obtained results. The test here
      described is the first to offer the possibility of isolated quantitative
      identification of sensory and cognitive attention. It demonstrates the age
      related effects on behavior-controlling attention functions in rats. What is
      assumed to be a general impairment of cognitive function in old age, might
      possibly turn out to be secondary effects of primarily altered attention
      thresholds.

PMID- 3381564
TI  - [Percutaneous nucleotomy with discoscopy. 7 years' experience and results].
AB  - Percutaneous nucleotomy was first described in 1975 by Hijikata in Japan. We
      introduced this method since 1979 for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation at
      the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the University of Zurich, Balgrist,
      improved the original instruments of Hijikata and employ since 1982 various
      arthroscopes in order to remove nucleus pulposus more accurately and effectively
      under direct visual control (discoscope). This method was performed between 1979
      and 1986 in our clinic in 75 patients with lumbar disc herniation. The clinical
      result was designated as excellent or good in 48 of 75 patients (65%). The 7
      years experiences with this procedure are reported on this paper.

PMID- 3381565
TI  - [Covering the femur head following Chiari pelvic osteotomy. A case report].
AB  - In one case we can show anatomically that, as Blasius and Wimmer (1984) reported,
      the dorsal part of the femoral head after a Chiari-pelvic-osteotomy is not
      totally covered by the ilium. It's an intraoperative situs while implanting an
      endoprosthesis.

PMID- 3381566
TI  - [The small patella syndrome. A combination of knee and pelvic dysplasia].
AB  - In 1979, using the name "small patella syndrome", Scott and Taor described a
      family in which hypoplasia or aplasia of the patella was inherited by autosomal
      dominant transmission. Hip dysplasias and pelvic changes accompanying the
      patellar changes have also been observed in some cases. On the basis of three
      personal observations this dysplasia syndrome is described in more detail and
      compared with the other syndromes involving the kneecap and pelvis. One case was
      discovered as a result of a femoropatellar pain syndrome, a second because of
      slight functional disturbances. The third case was a chance finding. Although, in
      two of the cases, several affections of the locomotor apparatus were found in the
      patients' families, it could not be confirmed that the syndrome was hereditary.

PMID- 3381567
TI  - [Comparison and evaluation of conservative and surgical therapeutic possibilities
      in osteochondrosis dissecans of the knee joint].
AB  - We reported about a follow-up study on 24 adolescent and 11 adult patients with
      osteochondritis dissecans of the knee-joint. 16 patients were treated
      conservatively and 19 operatively. During the conservative therapy the knee-joint
      was fixed in a plaster for two time-periods of 6 weeks each. Regarding the
      operative treatment the dissecat was either removed or refixed. The results of
      the operated patients were not as good as those of patients treated
      conservatively. The conservative therapy showed also better results for patients
      with a poor level before the therapy. The results of this follow-up study
      demonstrate, that the osteochondritis dissecans has to be treated by a
      conservative therapy consequently executed if the dissecat is not yet dissolved.
      An operation is only indicated in case of corpus liberum.

PMID- 3381569
TI  - [Bilateral palmar instability with dislocation between the capitate and lunate
      bones].
AB  - Bilateral palmar instability of the wrist with subluxation between capitate and
      lunate bone. A stable wrist requires intact ligaments as well as a normal shape
      and size of carpal bones. While the reasons for bony changes are mainly
      posttraumatic, degenerative diseases and congenital laxity of ligaments as well
      as traumatic ruptures may cause an insufficiency of the ligaments. The following
      article deals with a theoretical discussion of carpal instability considering
      diagnosis, progress, development, and treatment of congenital bilateral palmar
      carpal instability which caused painful subluxation between the capitate and
      lunate bone.

PMID- 3381568
TI  - [Hand and foot deformities in a type I trichorhinophalangeal syndrome. Studies in
      3 members of a family].
AB  - The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I is a rare, probably autosomal-dominant
      inherited disorder, characterized by anomalies of the cranium and face, hair,
      skeleton and soft parts of the hands and the feet. Typical deformities of the
      syndrome in hands and feet (e.g. brachydactylie, deviation and curvature of
      fingers and toes due to cone-shaped joints) are explained by description of the
      findings in three adult members of a family.

PMID- 3381570
TI  - [Endoprosthetic management of tabes dorsalis arthropathy].
AB  - Three special cases of tabic arthropathy are reported. The disease is displayed
      in detail. One case showed an aneurysma of the arteria ulnaris. After resection
      of the aneurysma conservative treatment was performed. In a second case with
      active not yet diagnosed tabic hip a cemented total hip was implanted, which
      failed only 9 weeks later. The third case was an inactive tabic hip joint. The
      implantation of a cementless Autophor hip proved well. Total joint replacement
      has not to be performed in an active state of the disease, but can be done after
      consolidation. The significance of the VDRL-test for justing the activity of the
      disease is displayed.

PMID- 3381571
TI  - [Is intraosseous tibial and femoral osteotomy still indicated in the treatment of
      knee joint arthrosis?].
AB  - In 11 cases an arthrosis of the knee joint was treated by intraosseus osteotomy
      of the distal femur in one case of the proximal tibia only; in one case
      additionally an intraosseus osteotomy of the proximal tibia was performed. In a 2
      to 5 years follow-up examination only 4 patients were subjectively satisfied with
      the operation.

PMID- 3381572
TI  - [Results of silastic prosthesis for the semilunar bone in semilunar malacia].
AB  - In the hospital of Plastic surgery and Hand surgery in Eschweiler has been
      treated in the period from January 1980 to June 1983 23 patients with
      lunatomalacia. They were treated operatively by an interposition of a silastic
      prothesis by Swanson. A follow-up study was made on 21 out of 23 patients after a
      period of 6 to 46 months. The clinical and radiological examination has shown
      that 20 out of 21 patients were satisfied by the result.

PMID- 3381573
TI  - [Experimental arthrosis caused by chemical cartilage damage].
AB  - In experiments on rabbits the authors studied the dynamics of cartilage
      degeneration and subsequent pseudorepair processes following what was doubledose
      chemical damage to articular cartilage. In addition to the classical histological
      methods they used the histochemical demonstration of hydrolase and dehydrogenase
      which are of prime importance to cartilage. The intraarticular instillation of
      sodium iodacetate caused major and irreversible damage to the whole cartilaginous
      layer. Subsequent pseudorepair proceeded on the one hand from the cells of the
      peripheral synovial membrane and on the other to a lesser extent from the
      fibroblasts of the subchondral bone marrow. The most important enzymes depicting
      these processes can be regarded as AP and LDH. From the viewpoint of
      accessibility of dystrophic articular cartilage to repair cells one must
      distinguish the central part of the joint from its periphery. In the latter area
      of the cartilage it were mainly synovial cells which took part in repair and
      pseudorepair takes place considerably more actively here than in the central
      parts of the joint.

PMID- 3381574
TI  - [Correlation between roentgen morphometrically obtained data and cortical
      thickness indicative of anchorage strength of screws in human cadaver vertebral
      bodies].
AB  - Through the morphometric and histomorphometric examinations on the vertebral of
      the corpses, a functional connection between roentgenmorphometric plain facts (in
      transverse- and sagittal diameter of the vertebral body) and the cortical
      thickness can be established. The stress of the vertebral body through a screw
      can already preoperatively be assessed by roentgenmorphometric examinations that
      the cortical thickness plays an important dimension in the anchorage tightening
      of the screws on the vertebral body. By use of this knowledge the guarantee of
      operation on vertebral body is raised.

PMID- 3381575
TI  - [Chemonucleolysis--analysis of results].
AB  - A 6 months follow-up evaluation of 43 patients, who had chemonucleolysis,
      revealed an excellent and good result in 63%. 16% were sufficient and 21% were
      failures, half of them required operation. These results are comparable with
      other studies, particularly with the first 5-20-year follow-up results from USA,
      and resemble to results of operated disk herniation however with a lower rate of
      complications. Good results within the first few months generally remain good
      while poor results may be improved by conservative treatment. Chemonucleolysis is
      not recommended in sequestrated herniation, stenosis of the spinal canal and in
      elderly patients especially with chronic low back pain.

PMID- 3381577
TI  - [Effectiveness of prophylactic inoculations against cutaneous leishmaniasis].

PMID- 3381576
TI  - [Results of the surgical therapy of scoliosis].
AB  - In the years 1981 to 1985 84 patients with scoliosis were mainly treated by the
      proceeding of Harrington respectively Harrington-Luque. By using the combination
      Harrington-Luque-wires its getting an evident better result in correction (63%)
      as by only using the Harrington-instruments (55%).

PMID- 3381578
TI  - [Atopic dermatitis--diffuse neurodermatitis (apropos of terminology)].

PMID- 3381579
TI  - [So-called neurodermatoses].

PMID- 3381580
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of selective phototherapy of patients with neurodermatitis].

PMID- 3381581
TI  - [Functional activity of the lymphocytes in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 3381582
TI  - [Stomach involvement in Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 3381583
TI  - [Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis].

PMID- 3381584
TI  - [Morphological changes in the microcirculatory bed of the skin in patients with
      psoriasis following treatment].

PMID- 3381585
TI  - [Skin amyloidosis in a patient with chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 3381586
TI  - [Treatment of Lutz's keratosis follicularis serpiginosa].

PMID- 3381587
TI  - [Devergie's disease].

PMID- 3381588
TI  - [Clinical x-ray study of the osteoarticular system in psoriasis vulgaris].

PMID- 3381589
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the results of photochemotherapy with the
      external use of psoberan in patients with psoriasis].

PMID- 3381590
TI  - [Soft chancre].

PMID- 3381591
TI  - [Emotional and personality aspects of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 3381592
TI  - Preparation and stability of ampouled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solutions.
AB  - A 1-year stability study of ampouled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
      solutions was carried out. Two solutions of seven pure PAHs were prepared, one in
      acetonitrile and one in toluene, and ampouled. Solutions were tested for mass
      concentration and impurities before and after ampouling. No differences were
      found. After 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, three ampoules were selected for analysis
      from the acetonitrile and the toluene lots stored at +20 degrees and at -20
      degrees C. The acetonitrile solution was analysed by high performance liquid
      chromatography and the toluene solution by glass capillary gas chromatography.
      The results demonstrate that both solutions were stable and no contamination
      occurred during storage.

PMID- 3381593
TI  - Analysis of triazine herbicides residues in butter and pasteurized milk.
AB  - A method has been developed for the determination of atrazine, cyanazine,
      prometryn, simazine, and terbutryn residues in butter. The residues were
      extracted from the matrix with a mixture of petroleum ether/methanol (3 + 1), and
      from the separated water-methanol phase extraction was carried out with
      chloroform. The extract was cleaned up on an alumina column. Capillary glass
      liquid chromatography using a 15 m x 0.32 mm glass capillary column coated with
      OV-1 and an alcali flame ionization detector were employed for the analysis of
      the residues. The analyses were evaluated by the internal standard method, using
      metribuzin as the internal standard. The recovery of the method was 68.7%-79.8%
      for the individual herbicides under study at the fortification level of 0.1 mg.kg
      1 and 79.2%-91.9% at the fortification level of 0.02 mg.kg-1. The determination
      limit of the method was 0.005 mg.kg-1. When centrifuging full milk, residues of
      triazines were partitioned between the water and fat phases, whereby 17%-82% of
      the residues were transferred to the milk fat. Samples of commercial butter were
      analysed and found to contain 0.005-0.023 mg.kg-1 atrazine.

PMID- 3381594
TI  - Experimental aflatoxin production in home-made yoghurt.
AB  - Fungal growth and aflatoxin production by an aflatoxigenic strain during the
      manufacture of yoghurt are described. This completes previous studies which show
      that yoghurt may be a good substrate for aflatoxin production. Two factors were
      of special interest: (a) the temperature of the elaboration process (45 degrees
      C) and (b) the effect of lactic bacteria. Either during the elaboration of
      yoghurt or during its cooling from 45 degrees C to 4 degrees C, the necessary
      conditions required to start fungal growth are given; these are adequate enough
      for the synthesis of small quantities of aflatoxins. However our results do not
      clearly show that lactic bacteria have an influence on fungal growth and
      aflatoxin production.

PMID- 3381595
TI  - [Detection of the annatto dye norbixin/bixin in cheese using derivative
      spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)].
AB  - A derivative spectroscopic method and a HPLC-method are described for the
      determination of the annatto dye-stuffs, norbixin and bixin, in cheese. Both
      methods enable a simple and quick sample preparation since the separation of beta
      carotene and fat is not required. The sample preparation step consists of
      extraction with acetone, filtration, evaporation of the extract and separation of
      water residues by the addition of a few milliliters of absolute ethanol. This is
      followed by evaporation and extraction of the residual solution with
      chloroform/acetic acid (99.5 +/- 0.5) for the derivative spectroscopic method or
      with acetone for the HPLC method. The qualitative detection (detection limit
      greater than 0.67 mg/kg, depending on the genuine beta-carotene content) as well
      as the quantitative determination is possible by means of the derivative
      spectroscopic method. Therefore, this technique may be used within the rigorous
      Austrian regulations or for controlling the quantities and limits of annatto dye
      stuffs in cheese, if its application is allowed. The method also has the
      advantage of quick detection (only 75 s) and saving of material used. The HPLC
      method allows for the separation and quantification of norbixin and bixin as well
      as the other carotenoids such as beta-carotene, beta-apo-8'-carotenal and beta
      apo-8'-carotenoic acid--ethylester, which may also be found in varieties of
      cheese (detection limit of norbixin and bixin: 0.2 mg/kg). The time required for
      the separation of the above mentioned substances is 20 min and the HPLC method is
      proposed for the confirmation of low concentrations of these substances.

PMID- 3381596
TI  - Biological indicators and monitoring systems for validation and cycle control of
      sterilization processes.
AB  - The article is divided in four parts. The first part deals with terms and
      definitions. After that there is given a description of the most common types of
      biological indicators. These two parts furnish material and introduce to the
      third part, a survey of the components of monitors, their functions and the
      criteria one has to take into consideration when designing them. The fourth and
      last part deals with the most essential feature of biological indicators, the
      resistance, its calibration, description and adjustment.

PMID- 3381597
TI  - [Study of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism of porcine strains of
      Haemophilus by thin layer chromatography].
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate porcine reference and field
      strains of the species Haemophilus (H.) pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis, as well
      as H. Taxon "minor group" and Taxon C on their amino acid and carbohydrate
      metabolism by thin layer chromatography. The 17 reference strains studied showed
      almost identical results within the different species and taxa in both, amino
      acid and carbohydrate metabolism patterns. Based on a few differing enzymatic
      reactions a reduced species- and taxon-specific reaction pattern could be
      established, which included L-alanine, L-citrulline and L-threonine of the amino
      acids as well as D-ribose, alpha-D-xylose, mannitol, trehalose, beta-melibiose
      and alpha-lactose of the carbohydrates. This differentiation system allowed a
      reliable identification of 7 field strains whereas 4 additional ones, hitherto
      pre-classified as H. parasuis, could not be associated with any of the above
      species and taxa.

PMID- 3381598
TI  - [Experiences with the demonstration of Mycoplasma in cell cultures].
AB  - Over an eight years period about 6200 cell cultures, sera, cell culture media and
      supernatants were routinely monitored for contamination with mycoplasmas,
      bacteria and fungi. Mycoplasmas were detected in 24.0% of 4443 samples which were
      checked for possible contamination. In 1742 samples from a laboratory, known to
      have only mycoplasma free cultures, 2 were positive, both samples having an
      external origin. The value of routine monitoring to prevent the introduction of
      mycoplasma was confirmed. Culture and direct fluorescent assay using the
      fluorochrome bisbenzimide (Hoechst 33258) yielded comparable results. The
      applicability and significance of both methods is discussed. In spite of a few
      disadvantages the culture method is considered to be superior to the fluorescence
      assay, but both methods should be employed in order to obtain sufficiently
      reliable results. The importance of appropriate methods for the detection of
      mycoplasmas is stressed because of their potential influence on experimental
      results. The probable sources of cell culture contamination are also discussed.

PMID- 3381599
TI  - Universal immuno-stick test for direct rapid identification of microbial antigens
      within 5 minutes. Preliminary report.
AB  - Based on experiences with ELISA and biochemical fluorescence assays we have
      developed a new serologic identification system for detecting all conceivable
      particle and soluble antigens within 5 min using a very simple, sensitive
      procedure. This assay represents a sandwich ELISA that has been modified with
      regard to the sorbent, the enzyme substrate and the identification step. The test
      is performed as follows: 10 microliter aliquots of antigen dilution, specific or
      control antibody, respectively, and a phosphatase-conjugated anti-antibody are
      consecutively mixed. A small strip of special indicator sorbent paper (test
      stick) is moistened with this mixture for one minute. Subsequently it is dipped 3
      5 times alternately in 0.1 M NaOH and a solution of the enzyme-substrate 4
      methylumbelliferyl phosphate and immediately evaluated under a UV lamp. Positive
      samples instantaneously show brilliant light blue fluorescence and decolorization
      from dark red to white. Although the principle behind the reaction is not yet
      fully understood, the test works specifically and sensitively within a pg range.
      Thus far, for example, we have been able to identify Salmonella from suspended
      milk powder and streptococci from milk (3-5 cells/ml) without previous
      incubation, enterotoxins from staphylococcal colonies, Aflatoxin M1 and organ
      phosphates. Results from examinations of staphylococcal enterotoxins are
      presented in more detail. Moreover, using a defined antigen, antibodies from
      different sera could be identified in the same rapid, sensitive and specific
      manner. Thus, we are convinced that the usual time-consuming enrichment methods
      for isolating pathogenic bacteria and other immunogenic substances as also
      current serologic assays will turn out to be superfluous.

PMID- 3381600
TI  - Serological recognition of actinomyces pyogenes and arcanobacterium haemolyticum
      in serum soft agar.

PMID- 3381601
TI  - Degradation of acylaminopenicillins with regard to their pH dependency.
AB  - Determination of antibiotic concentration is performed in many biological fluids
      and tissues which all have different pH values. Therefore, we investigated the in
      vitro stability of three acylaminopenicillins (azlocillin, mezlocillin and
      piperacillin) in borate buffer by the HLPC technique with regard to pH
      dependency. HPLC allows the detection of all three substances together with their
      metabolites, penicilloate and penilloate, within 15 min. Decomposition was
      monitored at 37 degrees C during a 24 h incubation period (pH values ranged
      between pH 3.0 and 10.0). The highest degradation rates were observed with a
      buffer solution of pH = 10.0: 50% of the azlocillin and 83% of the mezlocillin
      were decomposed after 8 h while under the same conditions, piperacillin was
      completely decomposed already after 1 h. The highest stability was detected in
      borate buffer at pH values of 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0. At pH = 3.0, degradation was
      determined as follows: 31% of the piperacillin, 39% of the mezlocillin, and 45%
      of the azlocillin were decomposed after 24 h. Penilloic acid was identified as
      the main metabolite in contrast to buffer solutions with higher pH values which
      only revealed negligible amounts of this compound.

PMID- 3381602
TI  - Concentration of azlocillin in human chondral tissue.
AB  - The concentration of azlocillin was determined using high performance liquid
      chromatography in serum and chondral tissue after intravenous infusion of
      azlocillin (75 mg/kg body weight). In serum the levels of ten patients (2 to 27
      years of age, body weight 12 to 69 kg) decreased from 478 (30 min post infusion)
      to 120 micrograms/ml (120 min). In contrast, the concentrations in chondral
      tissue ranged between 24 and 35 mg/g tissue at the corresponding times. Although
      the mean levels suggest a remarkable penetration of azlocillin into chondral
      tissue, the high individual differences observed in the tissue levels (2.1 to 138
      micrograms/g tissue) require a higher dosage to ensure sufficient antimicrobial
      therapy in all patients.

PMID- 3381603
TI  - [Immunochemical analysis of the immune response in late manifestations of Lyme
      borreliosis].
AB  - Compared to American strains, European Borrelia burgdorferi strains revealed
      considerable heterogeneity of major proteins. Four strains isolated from ticks,
      human skin and human CSF were selected from our 23 Borrelia burgdorferi isolates.
      These strains and the American type strain B31 were characterized by SDS-PAGE
      (Coomassie Blue staining) and Western blots (using rabbit immune sera against two
      of the strains and two monoclonal antibodies (H5323 and H3TS) against a major
      outer surface protein (OspA]. The strains showed considerable differences in SDS
      PAGE pattern. Corroborating the results of a previous study, we could demonstrate
      that the OspA (31/32K) can change from a minor to a major protein and in reverse
      the pC (21/22K) from a major to a minor protein during subculturing. Moreover,
      European strains can antigenically differ in OspA, pC and also in a further low
      molecular weight protein of 17/18K. To examine whether the antigenic
      heterogeneity of European isolates is reflected in the immune response of
      European patients we examined sera from patients with late manifestations of Lyme
      Borreliosis by Western blot using the five strains as antigens. Sera from seven
      patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) showed a surprisingly
      strong reactivity with the skin isolate. All sera had antibodies against the
      17/18K protein of the skin isolate, but none was reactive with the analogous
      17/18K of the other strains. On the other hand a comparable predominance of one
      strain was not found testing sera from patients with Lyme arthritis. One patient
      even had antibodies against OspA and OspB proteins of strain B31. Contrary to
      findings in American Lyme Disease antibodies against the OspA were rarely
      observed in the sera of our patients (only one patient had such antibodies)
      although we tested the patients sera with five different strains. Only two
      patients had stronger reactions with the skin isolate. These findings suggest
      that ACA is caused by antigenically closely related Borreliae. This could explain
      the finding that ACA is rarely observed in the US (US strains are antigenically
      closely related to strain B31). Our findings in patients with Lyme Arthritis--on
      the other hand--suggest that "different serotypes" can cause Lyme Arthritis. This
      does not exclude the possibility that Borrelia proteins are an important factor
      in the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis. Finally the differences in reactivity of
      sera with different strains in the Western blot led us to examine whether such
      differences are also found in serodiagnostic tests using different strains as
      antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3381604
TI  - [Characteristics of personality accentuation as a factor in predisposition to
      psychosomatic diseases].
AB  - Using psychological methods of examination, the authors have studied patients
      with bronchial asthma (n = 90), duodenal ulcer (n = 70), and ischemic heart
      disease (IHD) (n = 40). The results have shown the predominance of the dysthymic
      type of accentuation in patients with ulcer, of the pedantic one in patients with
      bronchial asthma, and of the excitable, obstructive, and dysthymic one in
      patients with IHD. All groups have been characterized by the presence of the
      anxiety and cyclothymic type of accentuation. The revealed characteristics are
      considered as factors of predisposition to some psychosomatic illnesses.

PMID- 3381605
TI  - [Neuropsychic disorders in functional dysphonias].
AB  - A total of 110 patients with functional vocal disorders secondary to neurosis
      were examined. They included 50 patients with neurasthenia, 30 with hysteria, and
      21 with obsessive neurosis. The pattern of vocal disorder had its own
      peculiarities in each form of neurosis. All patients were subjected to multiple
      modality treatment: drug therapy, psychotherapy, respiratory gymnastics, and
      phonopedics. The treatment resulted in the disappearance of neurotic symptoms,
      normalization of the respiratory rate, and the complete restoration of vocal
      function. Thus, a clinical follow up of patients with functional vocal
      impairments and analysis of cause-and-effect relationships prompt the conclusion
      that functional dysphonia is a neurotic symptom whereas laryngeal alterations are
      secondary to pathological voice production.

PMID- 3381606
TI  - [Use of the new psychotropic preparation bemitil in treating asthenic disorders
      (clinico-pharmacological research)].
AB  - In a series of 130 patients with asthenic conditions related to borderline forms
      of neuro-mental disturbances the authors compared clinico-pharmacological action
      of the actoprotector bemitil with that of nootropic drugs (piracetam and
      piridotol). The treatment with bemitil was either continuous or intermittent,
      being conducted according to the scheme elaborated in the course of the study.
      Bemitil proved to be more effective than piracetam and piriditol in relation to
      its influence on the manifestations of the asthenic symptom complex in general.
      Its application was characterized by a faster onset of the therapeutic effect and
      a peculiar mild psychostimulating action, primarily manifested in the impact on
      obligate manifestations of the asthenic disorders. The degree of the psychotropic
      action of the drug was found to be subject to changes depending on the scheme of
      its use.

PMID- 3381607
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of hereditary ataxia].
AB  - Employing the clinical signs of diseases the authors compared characteristics of
      different hereditary ataxias (Friedreich's ataxia, familial spastic paraplegia,
      Marie's disease, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Roussy-Levy syndrome, and Charcot
      Marie neural amyotrophy). It is emphasized that clinico-genealogical examination
      is essential for the identification of the nosological form of the disease.

PMID- 3381608
TI  - [Visual motor coordination and its clinical significance].
AB  - The article presents the analysis of coordination disorders detected by clinical
      tests and tests aimed at examining the reaction of following a spot of light and
      the technique of determining the degree of tremor in hereditary ataxias. It has
      been shown that the most marked alterations are observed when the nervous system
      is severely damaged. The methods employed make it possible to quantitatively
      assess motor disturbances, supplementing, therefore, the available clinical
      findings. They also permit objective evaluation of the efficacy of the conducted
      therapy.

PMID- 3381609
TI  - [Function of the somnifacient brain system in patients with epilepsy].
AB  - Polysomnographic examination covered 145 patients with various clinical forms of
      epileptic attacks. On the one hand, they presented increased activity of the
      mechanisms of stage II slow sleep, while on the other a decrease in the activity
      of the mechanisms of rapid sleep and stage IV slow sleep. "Epileptogenicity" of
      stage II slow sleep and an "antiepileptic protective" function of rapid sleep and
      stage IV slow sleep have been shown. Convulsive activity has been found to have
      synergic relationship with fusiform activity and antagonistic one with rapid eye
      movements. A conclusion is made that intensity of epileptic activity during night
      sleep depends on the distribution of the physical components of slow and rapid
      sleep (sleep spindles and rapid eye movements in the given unit of time).

PMID- 3381610
TI  - [Clinical characteristics and differential diagnosis of congenital myopathies].
AB  - Sixteen patients with congenital myopathies with the onset of the disease in
      early childhood were examined. All patients were subjected to morphological
      investigation of biopsy samples of muscle tissue, using histochemical methods for
      the determination of the activity of redox and glycolysis enzymes. A clinical
      polymorphism of these forms of myodystrophies and the presence of
      nondifferentiated variants were established. The distribution of the activities
      of oxidation and glycolysis enzymes was histochemically different.

PMID- 3381611
TI  - [Electrophysiological and clinical significance of early and late components of
      the blink reflex and their role in diagnosis].
AB  - The authors have investigated the early and late components of the winking reflex
      to electrical stimulation of the supraciliary area in 15 healthy subjects, 24
      patients with demyelinating nervous system diseases, and in 23 patients with
      acute ischemic impairment of the cerebral circulation in the vertebrobasilar
      basin. The nature of changes in the early and late components of the winking
      reflex were different in the two diseases, namely the latent periods of these
      components increase in demyelinating diseases and are absent in the acute period
      of cerebral stroke, which correlates with the detectable symptoms of damage to
      various portions of the brain stem.

PMID- 3381612
TI  - [Functional analysis of the cerebral circulatory system and cerebrospinal fluid
      dynamics in meningitis in children].
AB  - To study the cerebral circulation and the course of the cerebrospinal fluid
      changes in the acute period of the disease and during follow-up in 131 patients
      with meningitis the authors have used ultrasonic methods of examination,
      diaphanoscopy and color ophthalmoscopy. Recommendations are provided on how to
      use the proposed complex for the diagnosis, treatment and early prophylaxis of
      meningitis complications.

PMID- 3381613
TI  - [Neurological and electrophysiological disorders in children with bronchial
      asthma].
AB  - The authors have studied neurological and electrophysiological (REG, EEG, Echo
      EG) disorders in 50 children (4-14 years) with atopic bronchial asthma in the
      post-attack period. The changes identified were more frequent in 5-6-year-olds
      and in cases where the disease persisted for 3-4 years. Multiple modality
      treatment should be preferably conducted under the observation of the
      pulmonologist and neuropathologist.

PMID- 3381614
TI  - [Neurological and neuropsychological screening problems in the dispensary care of
      preschoolers].
AB  - Neurological and neuropsychological examination of 60 children (aged 5-6 years)
      from day-care centers has made it possible to identify a group of children at
      risk in relation to school disadaptation (31.7%). Minimum pyramidal,
      extrapyramidal, or mixed insufficiency was observed in 28.3% of children. An
      analysis of the severity of disorders of higher mental functions in "high risk"
      children has helped differentiate three forms of minimum cerebral dysfunction.
      The authors have outlined the perspectives of the corrective purposeful therapy
      in each of the forms.

PMID- 3381615
TI  - [Transcerebral electrophoresis of L-DOPA in the combined treatment of the
      hyperkinetic form of infantile cerebral palsy].
AB  - The authors present a detailed description of transcerebral electrophoresis of L
      DOPA conducted in 20 patients aged 9 months to 12 years suffering from a
      hyperkinetic form of childhood cerebral paralysis. Each patient received 10
      sessions. The results of the treatment were assessed by a 5-point score system.
      Diminution of involuntary movements by 1 point was observed in 1 patient, by 2
      points in 10 patients, by 3 points in 7 patients and by 4 points in 1 patient; in
      one case no positive results were noted. Muscular dystonia and the severity of
      tonic reflexes decreased in all patients; voluntary movements also improved.
      Treatment with transcerebral electrophoresis of L-DOPA was well tolerated and was
      not associated with side-effects.

PMID- 3381616
TI  - [Pseudohypertrophic forms of progressive muscular dystrophy with the onset at
      puberty and a malignant course of the myodystrophic process].
AB  - The article describes two familial cases of pseudohypertrophic progressive
      muscular dystrophy with an onset in the pubertal age and a malignant course of
      the myodystrophic process. The cases presented are the first ever reported in the
      world literature. The questions of inter- and intrafamilial polymorphism of
      recessive X-linked forms of progressive muscular dystrophies are discussed.

PMID- 3381617
TI  - [Familial case of Fahr's disease].
AB  - The article describes two cases of a rare disorder of potassium metabolism
      (intracerebral calcinosis, or Fahr's disease) in a 39-year-old male and his 60
      year-old mother. It is noteworthy that the diagnosis of Fahr's disease was made
      during life on the basis of the clinical picture and CT findings. The patients
      presented changes in the calcium-phosphorus metabolism (a reduction in blood
      levels of calcium in the presence of unchanged concentrations of parathyroid
      hormones). The findings of X-ray radionuclide examination indicate the systemic
      nature of metabolic disturbances. The authors describe in detail the results of
      examination and consider the questions of the differential diagnosis, and some
      aspects of the pathogenesis of Fahr's disease.

PMID- 3381618
TI  - [New hereditary syndrome with mental retardation].
AB  - The authors describe a family where the mother and daughter had a number of
      somatic signs (cutis gyrata on the chin, abnormal growth of hair behind the ears,
      peculiar dilatation of the intracutaneous vein on the upper arm, etc). The
      daughter has oligophrenia of the debility type; mother is intellectually normal.
      It appears that here the authors have encountered a new dominant hereditary
      syndrome with multiple congenital abnormalities.

PMID- 3381619
TI  - [Voluntary activity of the neck muscles in patients with spastic torticollis].
AB  - The authors investigated the characteristics of motor disorders in patients with
      spastic torticollis. The study involved registration of volitional tensions of
      the neck muscles in isometric conditions, i.e., when the patient's head was
      rigidly fixed with regard to the body. Using a tensometric dynamometer the
      following three moments of force were measured: one responsible for bending the
      head forward or backward; the second, for bending the head to the right or left
      shoulder; and the third, for turning the head round the longitudinal axis. The
      electrical activity of the neck muscles was recorded with the help of surface
      electrodes. It has been established that the development of volitional efforts by
      the neck muscles under isometric conditions is difficult or impossible if
      directed to the side where the patient's forcible turn of the head is directed.

PMID- 3381620
TI  - [Prognosis of a favorable outcome in juvenile slowly progressing neurosis-like
      schizophrenia based on catamnestic data].
AB  - On the basis of the results of an 18-26-year-long follow up of 100 patients with
      juvenile slowly progressive neurosis-like schizophrenia with an onset of the
      disease in youth the authors have identified a group of patients (n = 25) who
      presented practical cure. Comparison of the peculiarities of neurosis-like
      disturbances and their dynamics during the active stage of the disease in this
      group and in patients in whom stable neurosis-like manifestations persisted up to
      the late stages of the disease (n = 75) has made it possible to determine those
      types of neurosis-like states which correlate with the outcome of the disease.
      Some clinical and pathogenetic signs have been identified which help specify some
      aspects of the clinical and social prognosis.

PMID- 3381621
TI  - [Dynamic syndrome formation in patients with schizophrenia in the late period
      after a prefrontal leucotomy].
AB  - The authors analyze the course of the underlying process after prefrontal
      leucotomy in 15 patients with schizophrenia. Types of syndrome transformation are
      analyzed on the basis of a long-term follow-up (30 years). Three variants of the
      course of the underlying disease and the initial status of patients are
      described. Destructive postoperative morphological changes in the brain are
      examined by unidimensional echoencephalography. The relationship between
      classical leucotomy and modern methods of psychosurgery is considered.

PMID- 3381622
TI  - Existence of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in the porcine thyroid gland and
      the rat thyroid cell line FRTL-5.
AB  - We have investigated whether nuclear T3 receptors exist in the thyroid cell.
      Nuclear proteins extracted from porcine thyroid nuclei with 0.4 mol/l KCl were
      incubated with [125I]T3. The mixture was then analysed by sucrose density
      gradient ultracentrifugation which revealed that the T3-binding proteins migrated
      at the same position of 3.6 S as rat liver nuclear T3 receptors. Fractionation by
      high performance liquid chromatography using a size exclusion column and an ion
      exchanger column also demonstrated elution patterns of T3-binding similar to
      those of the rat liver receptor. Scatchard plots of crude nuclear extracts from
      porcine thyroid represented a curvilinear pattern. However, when the nuclear
      proteins partially purified by a DEAE column chromatography were analysed, a
      single binding component was found; the association constant was 4.1 x 10(10)
      l/mol and the maximal binding capacity was 602 fmolT3/mg protein. Displacement
      study with several T3 analogues showed a highly selective affinity for L-T3.
      Cultured rat thyroid cells of the FRTL-5 line also contained a single class of
      saturable, high affinity T3-binding site. Subconfluent cells in 100-mm dishes
      were incubated with increasing amounts of [125I]T3 at 37 degrees C for 3 h and
      radioactive T3 in isolated nuclei was counted. Scatchard analysis of data showed
      that the association constant and the maximal binding capacity were 3.44 +/- 0.63
      x 10(10) l/mol and 63.7 +/- 17.8 fmolT3/mg protein, respectively. These results
      strongly suggest that there are nuclear T3 receptors, indistinguishable from the
      hepatic T3 receptors, in the porcine thyroid and rat FRTL-5 cells.

PMID- 3381623
TI  - A short water deprivation test incorporating urinary arginine vasopressin
      estimations for the investigation of posterior pituitary function in children.
AB  - The value of a 7-h water deprivation test incorporating urinary osmolality and
      urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) measurements was investigated in 20 children
      with suspected anterior or posterior pituitary dysfunction (group A) and 11
      presenting with polyuria and polydipsia (group B). A control group of 16 healthy
      children was also studied. Urinary osmolalities in the control subjects after 7 h
      of water deprivation were 827-1136 mosmol/kg and urinary AVP 114-320 pmol/l. Of
      the group A patients, 5 had symptomatic diabetes insipidus with urinary
      osmolalities less than 300 mosmol/kg, and urinary AVP concentrations of less than
      10 pmol/l, and 5 had normal urinary concentrating ability. The other 10 patients
      had varying degrees of partial diabetes insipidus (urinary AVP 6-53 pmol/l)
      although in 3 urinary concentrating ability was well maintained (osmolality 650
      747 mosmol/kg). In group B, a diagnosis of compulsive water drinking was made in
      9 patients, 1 had nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (urinary osmolality 68
      mosmol/kg, AVP 782 pmol/l), and the final patient had transient diabetes
      insipidus. The test described was easy to perform and well tolerated even in
      young children. Using this test alone, it was possible to identify patients with
      partial defects of posterior pituitary function even when urinary concentrating
      ability was maintained, as well as those with complete cranial diabetes
      insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and compulsive water drinking.

PMID- 3381624
TI  - Receptors for epidermal growth factor and thyrotropin in thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - The EGF and TSH receptor properties in malignant thyroid tumours and adjacent
      normal thyroid tissues were characterized using radioreceptor assays. Ten
      patients with papillary, 4 with medullary, 1 with Hurthle cell type follicular
      carcinoma, and 2 with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were studied. In 10 out of 12
      patients with papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, more EGF receptors
      were found in the neoplastic tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue (P less
      than 0.01). The affinity of the EGF receptors varied between patients (from 0.5 X
      10(9) l/mol to 1.9 X 10(9) l/mol), but was in each patient the same in the
      neoplastic and in the normal tissue. In medullary carcinomas and a follicular
      Hurthle thyroid carcinoma, the EGF receptor content was very low. The receptor
      number was unaltered or decreased in papillary carcinomas when compared with
      adjacent normal tissue. In anaplastic medullary and follicular (Hurthle cell)
      carcinomas, the neoplastic tissue had very few high affinity TSH receptor sites.
      The alterations in TSH receptor characteristics when thyroid neoplastic tissue
      was compared with adjacent normal tissue did not correlate to changes in EGF
      receptor characteristics. Our results demonstrate that the amount of EGF
      receptors in papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas differ significantly
      from that in follicular and medullary carcinomas and that alterations in EGF
      receptor content in malignant thyroid tissues are independent of TSH receptor
      content.

PMID- 3381625
TI  - Alterations in thyroidal economy in a systemic illness induced by turpentine oil
      injection to the rat.
AB  - Injection of turpentine oil (5 microliter/g, sc) to Sprague Dawley rats was
      associated with a significant reduction in serum concentration of T4, T3 and TSH
      that lasted throughout 48 h of study. Dialyzable fraction of T4 and resin uptake
      of T3 did not change for 10 h after turpentine oil injection, but were increased
      significantly at 24 h and 48 h. Serum rT3 concentration was decreased
      significantly at 24 h and 48 h. The pituitary content of TSH in the experimental
      rat was significantly increased at 24 h after turpentine oil injection, but the
      TSH-beta subunit content was decreased significantly. Serum TSH response to TRH
      did not change in experimental rats. Thyroidal radioiodine uptake, serum T4, and
      serum T3 in experimental rats demonstrated little or no increase in response to
      exogenous bovine TSH. A thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) was detected in
      serum and iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinating activity was decreased significantly
      in liver, kidney and heart of rats injected repeatedly with turpentine oil.
      Oxygen consumption of experimental rats did not change appreciably. Our data
      suggest that administration of turpentine oil to the rat leads, within a few
      hours of the injection, to a systemic illness associated with marked changes in
      thyroidal economy.

PMID- 3381626
TI  - Inappropriate vasopressin secretion in two dogs.
AB  - Two dogs with hyponatremia due to inappropriate arginine vasopressin (AVP)
      secretion are described. Threshold and sensitivity of AVP secretion were
      investigated by increasing plasma osmolality with hypertonic saline infusion. In
      one dog, osmoregulation of AVP secretion occurred at normal sensitivity but at a
      low threshold. The other dog had a relatively high plasma AVP concentration under
      (resting) hypotonic conditions with an otherwise normal response to increasing
      plasma tonicity. In the absence of evidence for associated disease, it is
      suggested that both dogs have an idiopathic form of the syndrome of inappropriate
      AVP secretion.

PMID- 3381627
TI  - Growth hormone restores normal growth in selenium-treated rats without increase
      in circulating somatomedin C.
AB  - Selenium intake (5.0 ppm) induces growth retardation, accumulation of selenium in
      somatotrophs, lack of growth hormone response to GHRH and an 80 per cent
      reduction in serum somatomedin C in infant rats. In addition, it induces a slight
      reduction in serum albumin and occasionally slight central liver necrosis. In
      order to determine the role of insufficient growth hormone production, the
      influence of exogenous growth hormone was studied during selenium intake in
      groups of rats during 25 to 46 days of age (post-weaning). A dosage of human
      growth hormone (100 micrograms twice daily) was chosen, this being sufficient to
      restore normal growth rate and normal serum somatomedin C in hypophysectomized
      rats of similar age. The weight gain in selenium-treated (3.3 ppm) rats was 46.0
      +/- 11.7 g (SD)/21 days, whereas in selenium rats given growth hormone it was
      66.6 +/- 8.9 g (P = 0.01), which was similar to the gain in control rats 72.3 +/-
      6.9 g. The latter two were less than the weight gain in control rats given growth
      hormone: 91.5 +/- 11.5 g (P = 0.01 and P less than 0.01). Serum somatomedin C in
      untreated rats was 151 +/- 66 (SD) micrograms/l (25 days) increasing to 532 +/-
      91 micrograms/l (34 days) and 482 +/- 64 micrograms/l (46 days). It did not
      increase above these levels in control rats given growth hormone. In selenium
      treated rats, no increase occurred during growth hormone administration 138 +/-
      148 micrograms/l (34 days) and 185 +/- 84 micrograms/l (46 days) (P less than
      0.001 and P less than 0.001 vs untreated controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3381628
TI  - Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in elderly subjects. A randomized study in a
      Norwegian rural community (Naeroy).
AB  - The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was investigated in a small, rural
      community located at the coast in Middle Norway. Two hundred persons (114 women
      and 86 men) of the total 802 persons over 70 years of age in the community were
      examined regarding thyroid dysfunction. Blood samples were drawn from 197 (113
      women and 84 men). In women previously diagnosed hypothyroidism was found in 3.5%
      and previously diagnosed hyperthyroidism in 0.9%. In men no previously diagnosed
      thyroid disease was found. Undiagnosed primary hypothyroidism (TT4 less than 70
      nmol/l and TSH greater than 6 mU/l) was found in 1.8% and 1.2% of women and men,
      respectively. Latent hypothyroidism (TT4 70-150 nmol/l and TSH greater than 6
      mU/l) was found in 3.5% and 2.4%, and borderline hypothyroidism (TSH 4.5-6.0
      mU/l) in 3.5% and 2.4%, respectively. Undiagnosed hyperthyroidism was not found
      in women but in 1.2% of men. Antibody to the thyroid microsomal antigen (TMA)
      greater than or equal to 400 was detected in 17.5% of women and 9.6% of men.
      Clearly elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations or previously diagnosed
      thyroid disease were found in 21.7% and 37.5% of the TMA positive women and men,
      respectively.

PMID- 3381629
TI  - Isoelectric properties, lectin binding characteristics and biological activities
      of neuraminidase-treated rat LH components.
AB  - The present study was performed to evaluate the different carbohydrate structure
      of rat LH isoelectric components related to their intrinsic biological
      activities. Terminal sialic acid residues were essential to the formation of
      multiple LH components observed in the isoelectric focussing profile, which was
      proved by their interaction with Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 following
      neuraminidase treatment, and the conversion of component F (pI, 10.0) to less
      alkaline components after incubation with liver Golgi membrane fraction in the
      presence of CMP-NeuNAc. The affinity studies using lentil lectin indicated that
      component F was not an asialo form of component A (pI 8.4). The serial removal of
      sialic acid residues from these components led to increases in the steroidogenic
      activity, owing to increases in the activation of the receptor-adenylate cyclase
      system. The enhancement of the steroidogenic activity by desialylation was very
      great in component A'(pI, 8.0) (751% increase), and decreased with increasing pI.
      It can be concluded that the different biological potencies of intact LH
      components are attributable principally to terminal sialic acid residues.
      However, the peripheral chains of asialo oligosaccharides of less alkaline
      components (pI, 8.0, 8.4) seem to prevent the maximal cellular responses, since
      their desialylated forms did not attain the maximum activity.

PMID- 3381630
TI  - Day/night serotonin levels in the pineal gland of male BALB/c mice with melatonin
      deficiency.
AB  - Studies from another laboratory have shown that several strains of laboratory
      mice have a genetic defect for melatonin synthesis. In non-deficient species,
      melatonin synthesis undergoes a typical, beta-adrenergically regulated day/night
      rhythm with low melatonin levels during daytime and high levels at night, the
      precursor serotonin showing an inverse behaviour. This study examines whether a
      day/night rhythm of pineal serotonin levels exists in melatonin-deficient male
      BALB/c mice. Mice kept under a lighting schedule of 12 h light (lights on at
      07.00 h) and 12 h dark were killed at 13.00 and 01.00 h, respectively. Serotonin
      amounted to 12-15 ng/pineal and did not show regular day/night differences.
      Administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, which is known to
      affect melatonin synthesis in a number of species, was without effect on pineal
      serotonin levels. Melatonin and two of the melatonin-forming enzymes, serotonin N
      acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) were below
      the detection limit in the pineal. It is concluded that in melatonin-deficient
      BALB/c mice, pineal serotonin synthesis is apparently intact. In BALB/c mice,
      serotonin synthesis and release do not appear to be directly or indirectly
      regulated by beta-adrenergic mechanisms.

PMID- 3381631
TI  - Transsphenoidal microsurgery as primary treatment in 25 acromegalic patients:
      results and follow-up.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with acromegaly were treated by transsphenoidal
      microsurgery. Fourteen patients (56%) were considered cured according to the
      following criteria: a. basal plasma GH less than 10 mU/l; b. glucose suppressed
      plasma GH less than or equal to 4 mU/l, and c. disappearance of TRH
      responsiveness if present preoperatively. Thirteen of the cured patients were re
      evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 3.5 years (range 1.5 to 5.5 years). At
      that time, basal plasma GH was still less than 10 mU/l and glucose suppressed
      plasma GH was still less than or equal to 4 mU/l in all patients, indicating the
      practical value of our criteria. The remaining 11 patients (44%) received
      additional treatment by external pituitary irradiation and bromocriptine. Owing
      to surgery, 5 patients (20%) developed partial or panhypopituitarism.

PMID- 3381632
TI  - Relaxin: a mammotropic hormone promoting growth and differentiation of the pigeon
      crop sac mucosa.
AB  - The pigeon crop sac is responsive to local administration of mammotropic hormones
      independently of systemic hormonal influences. We showed previously in mice that
      relaxin promotes growth of the mammary gland only after pre-treatment with
      estrogen. In this study we investigated whether relaxin, locally administered,
      has a stimulatory effect without estrogen pre-treatment. The results of this
      study show that relaxin stimulates the crop sac mucosa causing changes in its
      gross appearance and histological modifications indicating enhanced growth and
      differentiation of the mucosal epithelium. The effects of relaxin are dose
      related, as demonstrated by the increases of the wet and dry weights, the
      [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine uptakes of the mucosa, and the histochemically
      detectable DNA content of the mucosal epithelium. These results strengthen the
      idea that relaxin should be included in the list of mammotropic hormones.

PMID- 3381633
TI  - Lacking evidence for release of thyroid hormones from circulating thyroglobulin
      during subtotal thyroidectomy.
AB  - The effect of subtotal thyroid resection for thyrotoxicosis on concentrations of
      serum thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin (Tg), was determined in 10 patients
      during operation and the subsequent 18 days. Mean serum Tg responded drastically,
      increasing from a pre-operative value of 0.30 nmol/l to a peak value of
      approximately 26 nmol/l during operation followed by a gradual decline to levels
      lower than before surgery on day 18. Mean serum total thyroxine was 114 nmol/l
      pre-operatively and free thyroxine index (FT4I) 105 units. Both fluctuated only
      slightly during operation. Postsurgically, the mean values decreased to below 50%
      of the pre-operative level. Mean serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) was 1.46
      nmol/l pre-operatively. It decreased during operation, reaching a nadir of 0.55
      nmol/l on day 2, whereafter the concentration increased slightly. Mean serum
      reverse T3 (rT3) was 0.45 nmol/l pre-operatively, increased 62% during surgery,
      and decreased postsurgically. The mean value of serum thyroid stimulating hormone
      (TSH) was 0.61 mU/l pre-operatively and remained below 1 mU/l during and after
      operation, but from day 10 concentration began to rise steadily. It is concluded
      that the vast release of Tg during thyroid resection did not contribute to the
      concentration of serum T4 to an extent of clinical relevance.

PMID- 3381635
TI  - Plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels in intact goats and in castrated goats
      given testosterone.
AB  - Oxytocin, vasopressin, cortisol and testosterone levels in the plasma were
      measured by radioimmunoassay in intact male goats as well as in prepubertally
      castrated goats injected daily, for 2 weeks, with oil vehicle and then, for 4
      weeks, with testosterone propionate in oil to study the influence of gonadal
      steroids on posterior pituitary hormones. Packed cell volume, plasma osmolality
      and sodium concentration were also measured in all blood samples. Plasma levels
      of oxytocin, vasopressin and cortisol were similar in the intact and oil-injected
      castrated goats. Testosterone treatment significantly increased plasma levels of
      oxytocin (P less than 0.01) in castrated goats but the increased levels were
      similar to those seen in the intact goats at the same time of year. Plasma levels
      of cortisol and vasopressin were unaffected by testosterone propionate treatment,
      whereas packed cell volume was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01).
      Testosterone treatment of castrated male goats appears not to have any action on
      pituitary hormones and oxytocin increases in the spring in both intact and
      castrated male goats.

PMID- 3381634
TI  - Effect of estradiol on the progesterone receptor and on morphological
      ultrastructures in the fetal and newborn uterus and ovary of the rat.
AB  - The effect provoked by estradiol after administration to pregnant rats (1 mg per
      day) was studied in fetal and newborn uteri and ovary. Estrogen receptors are
      found in the fetuses of non-treated animals. Their number (in fmol/mg DNA, +/-
      SD) in the fetal uterus (total sites, cytosol + nuclei) was at the age of 18
      days: 63 +/- 15; at 20 days 101 +/- 13; and in the 24-h-old newborn; 415 +/- 120.
      The respective values in the ovary were: 105 +/- 25; 520 +/- 60 and 410 +/- 190.
      Estradiol stimulated significantly the progesterone receptor in the fetal uterus
      at 20 days old. The progesterone receptor (in fmol/mg DNA, +/- SD) which was 97
      +/- 17 in the non-treated animals, increased to 790 +/- 90 in the E2-primed
      animals. Newborns, 24-h-old, had no detectable progesterone receptor, but in the
      E2-treated animals the value increased to 1210 +/- 120. In the fetal ovary of non
      treated animals, progesterone receptor at the age of 18 days is: 90 +/- 19; at 20
      days 132 +/- 47, and in the newborns 260 +/- 67; in the E2-treated animals, the
      values are respectively 330 +/- 49; 865 +/- 78 and 1280 +/- 307. In the fetal
      uteri of E2-treated animals, histological and ultrastructural studies showed an
      increase in the size of the uterine horn, the height of the epithelial cells, and
      stromal cell differentiation. It is suggested that, as was extensively
      demonstrated in the fetal compartment of the guinea-pig, the machinery for
      estrogen responses operates also during fetal development of the rat.

PMID- 3381636
TI  - Decreased serum insulin-like growth factor I response to growth hormone in
      hypophysectomized rats fed a low protein diet: evidence for a postreceptor
      defect.
AB  - In protein-calorie malnutrition, serum IGF-I concentrations are low despite high
      GH. This GH resistance might be due to a reduced number of liver GH binding sites
      as suggested by studies performed in fasted rats that were refed a low protein
      diet. To determine whether a postreceptor defect in GH action might also
      contribute to the GH resistance, we measured the number and the affinity constant
      of the liver GH binding sites and the serum IGF-I responses to injections of
      recombinant bGH in hypophysectomized female rats, fed a standard (15% protein)
      diet (N = 25) or a low (5%) protein diet (N = 25) for 8 days. There were no
      significant differences in the liver GH binding capacities between the 15% and
      the 5% protein-fed rats, whether expressed as pmol per liver (20.6 +/- 3.5 vs
      14.4 +/- 1.3; mean +/- SEM; P less than 0.2; N = 5, respectively), pmol per mg
      DNA (1.08 +/- 0.16 vs 0.84 +/- 0.07; P less than 0.4) or fmol per mg of protein
      (28.98 +/- 5.04 vs 30.26 +/- 2.00; P greater than 0.5). Likewise, the affinity
      constants of the GH binding sites of the 15% and the 5% protein-fed rats were not
      significantly different (0.78 +/- 0.05 vs 0.78 +/- 0.07 x 10(9) l/mol; P greater
      than 0.5). Despite these non-significant reductions in liver GH binding sites,
      the IGF-I responses 24 h after sc injections of increasing doses of bovine GH
      were blunted in the rats fed the 5% protein diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3381637
TI  - Characterization of thyroid hormone receptors in human IM-9 lymphocytes.
AB  - Although putatively identified more than 10 years ago, thyroid hormone receptors
      in human tissues remain poorly characterized. As a first step towards
      understanding the mechanism of thyroid hormone action in man we have
      characterized T3 binding sites in nuclei of the human lymphoblastoid line, IM-9
      cells. In whole cell experiments at 37 degrees C, nuclear binding of [125I]T3 was
      saturable (Kd 34 +/- 6 pmol/l) and of finite capacity (approximately equal to 350
      sites/cell). The binding sites were extracted from a nuclear pellet by treatment
      with 0.4 mol/l KCl and sonication. Separation of bound from free [125I]T3 in the
      extracts was achieved using the calcium phosphate matrix, hydroxyapatite at a
      concentration of 0.3 ml of a 150 g/l slurry. Rectilinear Scatchard plots were
      obtained only when the hydroxyapatite was washed with a buffer containing 0.5%
      Triton X-100. Under these conditions T3 binding sites in the nuclear extracts
      were present at a concentration of 22.4 +/- 8.6 fmol/mg protein and showed an
      affinity of (Kd, room temperature) 140 +/- 10 pmol/l. The same assay system was
      used to determine the hierarchy of affinities for a range of natural and
      synthetic analogues. Calling T3 100, the order of potencies observed was: Triac,
      500; 3,5-diiodo-3'-isopropylthyronine, 89; T4, 32; 3,5-dimethyl
      3'isopropylthyronine 2; 3,5-T2, 0.7, rT3, 0.4; 3'5'-T2, less than 0.01. These
      results suggest that the T3 binding sites present in human IM-9 lymphocyte nuclei
      and extracts thereof are thyroid hormone receptors. These cells may be a useful
      tool to increase our understanding of human T3 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381638
TI  - Effect of voluntary intake of iodinated salt on prevalence of goitre in children.
AB  - The availability of iodinated salt containing 20 mg of iodine as iodate/kg salt
      consumed on a voluntary basis enabled us to investigate its effect on goitre
      prevalence and iodine excretion in urine in a longitudinal, prospective,
      randomized study over 4 years. With this salt, under the assumption of a
      consumption of 5 g salt per day and person, an additional intake of 100
      micrograms of iodine can be achieved. The study was performed on initially 334
      children (168 boys, 166 girls) at the age of 10 years living in an area of iodine
      deficiency. After 4 years, 286 children still participated in the study.
      Initially, goitre prevalence as assessed by palpation was found to be 30.5%
      (37.4% in girls and 23.8% in boys). Neck circumference was found to be
      significantly higher in children with goitre compared with those without (30.2 +/
      1.4 vs 29.4 +/- 1.4 cm; P less than 0.001). Iodine excretion in the urine was
      significantly lower in children with goitre compared with those without (40.4 +/-
      16.7 micrograms/g creatinine vs 46.1 +/- 24.9 micrograms/g creatinine; x +/- SD;
      P less than 0.05). The children were randomly assigned to two different groups:
      group A (N = 146) was asked to use iodinated salt, group B (N = 188) non
      iodinated salt. Over the 4 years, a continuous increase in iodine excretion in
      urine could be demonstrated in group A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381639
TI  - Incidentally found small pituitary adenomas may have no effect on fertility.
AB  - Histological examination of the pituitary glands from 486 unselected autopsies
      revealed 97 clinically unsuspected adenomas in 78 glands (16%). Prolactinomas
      numbered 48; no hormone was found in 30, LH in 8, ACTH in 7, growth hormone (GH)
      and prolactin in 3, and GH alone in 1. Eleven of 194 female subjects and 37 out
      of 292 males had one or more prolactinoma. Clinical case notes, available for 57
      of 78 subjects with adenomas, were reviewed to obtain data on fertility. Of the
      25 women with case notes, 6 of the 11 with prolactinomas and 11 of the 14 with
      adenomas of other types had conceived. For the 32 males, 10 of the 23 with
      prolactinomas and 5 of the 9 with other types had procreated. These findings show
      that pituitary tumours not identified in life may have no major anti-fertility
      effect, and suggest that treatment of small intrasellar lesions discovered
      clinically by chance may not be necessary.

PMID- 3381640
TI  - Endocrine responses to acute stress in castrated rams: no increase in oxytocin
      but evidence for an inverse relationship between cortisol and vasopressin.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of cortisol, oxytocin, vasopressin and prolactin were
      measured by radioimmunoassay in eight castrated rams subjected to handling
      (control), restraint or isolation. Determinations were also made of hematocrit
      and plasma osmolality. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture 60 and less
      than 1 min before, and 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the start of treatment.
      Plasma cortisol was raised above pre-treatment levels during isolation and
      restraint but only transiently after handling. In the first 30 min of treatment,
      cortisol concentrations were higher following isolation than after restraint or
      handling and, in the final 60 min, levels were higher during both isolation and
      restraint than after handling. Oxytocin concentrations showed little change but
      vasopressin levels were reduced 15, 30 and 60 min after the start of isolation
      and were negatively correlated with those of cortisol. Plasma prolactin
      concentrations decreased during handling and restraint but remained unaltered
      after isolation. Osmolality and hematocrit decreased in all three treatment
      conditions. These findings indicate that stress does not alter oxytocin levels in
      sheep, but changes in vasopressin secretion and water balance may occur if
      cortisol release is greatly enhanced.

PMID- 3381641
TI  - 5,5'-Diphenylhydantoin decreases the entry of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine but not
      L-thyroxine in cultured GH-producing cells.
AB  - We determined the effect of 5,5'-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the kinetics of T3
      and T4 uptake in cultured GH-producing (GC) cells under serum-free conditions. GC
      cells accumulated [125I]T3 at a greater fractional rate than [125I]T4. The t 1/2
      of exit of [125I]T4 and [125I]T3 previously equilibrated in GC cells was 28 min
      for T4 and 66 min for T3. T3 and T4 entry rates were not influenced by up to a
      10,000-fold molar excess of nonradioactive T3, T4, d-T4, rT3, 3,5-T2 and
      diiodotyrosine. Thus, entry of T3 and T4 in GC cells appeared nonsaturable and
      was not influenced by various thyroid hormone analogues. DPH, 25-200 mumol/l,
      decreased the rate of T3 entry in a dose-dependent manner and did not influence
      the T3 exit rate. At 200 mumol/l DPH, T3 entry decreased by 40%. Rates of entry
      and exit of T4 were unaffected by DPH. DPH may affect T3 and T4 entry
      differentially at the level of the plasma membrane.

PMID- 3381642
TI  - 2nd European Conference CIANS on the "Interdisciplinary Study of Higher Nervous
      Functions". Proceedings.

PMID- 3381643
TI  - Cancer from the biobehavioral perspective: the type C pattern.

PMID- 3381644
TI  - Subjective evaluation of isolated and combined exposure to whole-body vibration
      and noise by means of cross-modality matching.
AB  - Cross-modality matching (CMM) were used for the evaluation of combined effects of
      sinusoidal whole-body vibration (WBV) in Z-axis with the frequencies 3-7 Hz, 1.5
      ms-2, and two noise levels (L1 = 65 dBA; L2 = 85 dBA). CMM's were tested by means
      of three responses: handgrip force, length, estimation and brightness adjustment.
      The subjects were instructed to set different modalities to a value corresponding
      to their perception of vibration. The combination of WBV and L2 caused higher
      sensation responses than WBV and L1.

PMID- 3381645
TI  - Late EEG after-effects following short-lasting ventilatory interoceptive
      influences (hyperventilation and breath holding) in man.
AB  - The application of two kinds of ventilatory interoceptive influences with
      opposite effects on the acid-base balance (hyperventilation and breath holding)
      results in appearance of late nonspecific after-effects in human EEG, which do
      not disappear until the 30th min after the stimulation. They consist in local and
      spatial synchronizing processes in the alpha and beta EEG spectrum, being most
      pronounced in the beta-2 range (23-36 Hz). These changes are considered as a sign
      of a development of readjustment in the functional state of the central nervous
      system in the direction of its improvement. The triggering of this readjustment
      is largely determined by the considerable changes in the internal medium, leading
      to intensified interoceptive signalization (mechanical, chemical and
      proprioceptive), as well as to the development of a brief cerebral hypoxy,
      followed by improved brain blood flow.

PMID- 3381646
TI  - The relation between free and membrane-bound ribosomes in light dorsal root
      ganglia neurons after aortic ligature in dogs.
AB  - To study the relation between free and membrane-bound ribosomes after repeated
      aortic ligature we examined light dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by
      quantitative electron microscopy. For counting ribosomes we applied two methods-
      the hit method and the total counting of ribosomes on electronograms. By both
      methods we found that there was a prevalence of free ribosomes in DRG neurons on
      the first and second postoperative day this relation was significantly shifted in
      favour of free ribosomes which was in agreement with our morphological findings
      characterized by disaggregation of polysomes and an increasing number of membrane
      free ribosomes. At the advanced period of survival (6 days) the studied relation
      no longer differed from control values. These findings indicate that reorganized
      proteosynthesis in light DRG neurons plays a most important role during recovery
      after ischemic insult.

PMID- 3381647
TI  - Transient global amnesia after mild head injury in childhood.
AB  - In seven entirely healthy children in the age group of 6.5 to 14.5 years, mild
      head injury produced transient global amnesia (TGA) of median duration of 4.5
      hours. None of the patients had convincing signs of brain concussion or clinical
      focal symptomatology. In four cases CT examination of the brain showed normal
      findings. Four children had a transient abnormal EEG (intermittent delta rhythms,
      slowed background activity inconstant local finding (of slow waves). During the
      period monitored (2-34 months) there was no recurrent attack and the children
      have had no difficulties. Pathologically, the authors assume ischemia of
      temporobasal structures induced by mild trauma with a relationship to migraine
      diathesis and rank the child group among so called benign posttraumatic
      encephalopathy with a noncomplicated course and good outcome.

PMID- 3381648
TI  - Repeated association test with nonsense, emotional and indifferent words.

PMID- 3381649
TI  - Ontogenetic development of etomidate action in rats.
AB  - Action of etomidate was studied in 219 albino rats 7, 12, 18, 25 days old and
      adult. Etomidate at the dose of 20 mg/kg i.p. led to a loss of the righting
      reflex in all age groups. Sleeping time increased with decreasing age up to the
      12th day. Seven-day-old rat pups exhibited short sleeping time, approximately at
      the level of adult animals. Etomidate can be used for general anaesthesia even in
      young animals but the quantitative differences in its efficacy have to be taken
      into account.

PMID- 3381651
TI  - Multicenter investigations. The role of orthopedic journals.

PMID- 3381650
TI  - Summary of proceedings of a CIANS seminar on continuing education and training in
      medical psychophysiology, August 24--26, 1987.

PMID- 3381652
TI  - Carrageenan-induced coxitis in puppies.
AB  - We studied the influence of chronic synovitis and joint effusion on the blood
      supply and growth of the immature femoral head in 12 puppies. Twelve weekly
      intraarticular injections of Carrageenan solution caused unilateral coxitis with
      caput magnum formation. Joint pressures in the neutral position were 0.9 kPa in
      the coxitis hips and -0.5 kPa in the contralateral hips. The joint capsule in
      coxitis showed hyperemia as measured by tracer microsphere technique. In
      nonmedicated, awake, standing dogs there was hyperemia of both the femoral head
      epiphysis and the joint capsule. In all the dogs, acetabular and proximal femoral
      metaphyseal blood flow was unchanged. In the control group, repeated cannulation
      and injection of normosaline did not change the hemodynamics, joint pressure, or
      femoral head size. We found no evidence of femoral head ischemia in coxitis with
      moderate chronic elevation of resting joint pressure.

PMID- 3381653
TI  - Socket loosening in arthroplasty for congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - Mechanical risk factors in loosening of the socket were radiographically analyzed
      in 123 Charnley arthroplasties performed during the period 1969-1982 for
      coxarthrosis secondary to congenital dislocation. The socket was placed as near
      the true acetabulum as possible without extensive soft-tissue release and without
      reinforcement of the acetabular roof by bone grafting. The rate of socket
      loosening was 19 percent using progression of a radiolucent line at the bone
      cement interface to a width of greater than 1 mm as the criterion for loosening.
      Different predictors of loosening were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression
      analysis. Lack of lateral bony support for the socket was the prime predictor.
      The next most important predictors were the preoperative degree of hip
      dislocation and the position of the socket in relation to the true acetabulum.

PMID- 3381654
TI  - The isoelastic hip prosthesis followed for 5 years.
AB  - In 1981 and 1982, 58 patients (61 hips) received an isoelastic noncemented
      femoral component and a bipolar cup for nontraumatic hip disease. Three patients
      were lost to follow-up and 8 died, leaving 47 patients (51 hips) for review after
      a minimum of 5 years. There were seven failures--two infections, four technical
      errors, and one migration of an acetabular component. Of the remaining 44 hips,
      42 scored good or better at review.

PMID- 3381655
TI  - Ten-year results of the Charnley hip in arthrosis.
AB  - After exclusion of 15 infected cases, 165 consecutive primary Charnley hip
      replacements for arthrosis were examined 5 and 10-13 years postoperatively. The
      failure rates during the first 5 years and between the 5- and 10-year follow-ups
      were 6 and 5 percent, respectively. Failures were more common in men. Among the
      hips followed for at least 10 years, 43 and 50 percent of the stems were
      radiographically loose at the 5- and 10-year follow-ups, respectively; the
      corresponding figures for the socket were 8 and 12 percent. No hips with
      radiographically intact components at 5 years were clinical failures at the 10
      year follow-up.

PMID- 3381656
TI  - A method to determine methylmethacrylate in air.
AB  - To determine the air concentrations of methylmethacrylate monomer and thus obtain
      information about the safety in the operating theater, a methylmethacrylate
      Drager tube was used in connection with a bellows pump. This method gives an
      instantly readable value correlated with more complicated gas chromatographic
      measurements.

PMID- 3381657
TI  - Implant fixation improved by close fit. Cylindrical implant-bone interface
      studied in rabbits.
AB  - Cylindric titanium implants of three different diameters were inserted and
      stabilized in a 3.7-mm burr hole in the rabbit tibia. The purpose of the study
      was to investigate the interfacial reaction to screw- and cylinder-shaped
      implants, and to determine if there is a critical gap at the insertion between
      bone and implant that prevents direct cortical bone apposition on the implant.
      The study indicated that this critical gap approached zero.

PMID- 3381658
TI  - Rabbit bone matrix induces bone formation in the athymic rat.
AB  - Rabbit and rat bone matrix were implanted in athymic rat muscle, and the bone
      yield was measured as total calcium content after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Matrix from
      both species induced equal amounts of new bone in the athymic rat. In rabbit and
      normal rat, the xenogenic matrix induced little or no bone formation. Thus, in
      the case of rabbit and rat, bone induction is species specific due to immunogenic
      mechanisms. The athymic rat can be used to measure inductive properties of bone
      matrix from different species.

PMID- 3381660
TI  - Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. A 5-year follow-up of 89
      patients.
AB  - In all, 112 consecutive patients were operated on because of chronic
      insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament. The surgical procedure used was
      an intraarticular reconstruction using the medial third of the patellar ligament.
      Eighty-nine patients were reexamined 5 (2-11) years after the reconstruction.
      Eighty percent of the patients were satisfied, but most of them had discontinued
      strenuous sports. The best results were observed in individuals with normal
      demands on their knee function.

PMID- 3381659
TI  - The effect of derotation braces on knee motion.
AB  - Four different types of derotation braces and an elastic knee support were tested
      on ice-hockey players. The elastic support did not noticeably affect rotation and
      abduction-adduction of the knee. All four braces reduced rotation and abduction
      adduction in test actions simulating sports situations. Flexion-extension was
      slightly affected by two of the individually made braces in one action. Running a
      figure eight was slower with two of the individually made braces. The best
      braces, one individually made and one ready-made, limited rotation and abduction
      adduction effectively, but did not affect performance. Minor differences in
      design may account for differences in effect and may alter the protection
      afforded by a brace.

PMID- 3381661
TI  - Ender nails for segmental tibial fracture. Early weight bearing in 22 cases.
AB  - Twenty-two consecutive segmental tibial fractures were treated by Ender nails and
      early weight bearing. Sixteen fractures were closed and six open. All the
      fractures healed after an average time of 4 months. No infection was encountered.
      Slight malalignment of the distal metaphyseal segment occurred in 5 cases, but
      all of them had full knee and ankle function.

PMID- 3381663
TI  - Growth and ethnicity in scoliosis.
AB  - We analyzed height, weight, and body-mass index of 54,030 male and 38,102 female
      army recruits who underwent a complete routine health assessment at the age of 17
      years. Totally, 6,711 males and 4,864 females were diagnosed as having idiopathic
      scoliosis and were categorized according to 3 grades of severity. There was a
      difference in prevalence in both sexes with parental origin from Iraq and western
      Europe. Females as compared with the males were at increased risk of developing
      the more severe grades of scoliosis. Young scoliotic adults were taller, lighter,
      and thinner than the nonscoliotic controls. These differences in height, weight,
      and body-mass index correlated with the severity of the scoliosis. We suggest
      that genetic factors and growth pattern are of major importance for the
      prevalence of scoliosis.

PMID- 3381662
TI  - Wilson shaft osteotomy for hallux valgus.
AB  - The results of a modified Wilson shaft osteotomy for hallux valgus in 77 feet of
      51 patients were excellent or good in 62 feet after 2 to 4 years. The correction
      of the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle was excellent or good in 69
      feet. The operation is technically simple provided dorsal angulation of the
      distal fragment is avoided in the early postoperative period.

PMID- 3381664
TI  - Dome osteotomy for cubitus varus in children.
AB  - In 11 children, varus deformity of the elbow after supracondylar or transcondylar
      fractures was corrected with a dome osteotomy. The indication was usually
      cosmetic. The patients were followed for 5 years. The correction was satisfactory
      in all the cases, and there was no serious complication.

PMID- 3381665
TI  - Internal fixation in 50 cases of Galeazzi fracture.
AB  - Fifty Galeazzi fracture dislocations were treated by early open reduction,
      internal fixation, and cancellous bone grafting. After 1 year, 40 cases were
      good, 8 fair, and 2 poor. We conclude that early open reduction and rigid
      internal fixation reestablishes the normal relationship of the fractured
      fragments and the distal radioulnar joint without repair of the ligaments.

PMID- 3381666
TI  - Major upper extremity amputation in Denmark.
AB  - Upper extremity amputations in Denmark between 1978 and 1983 comprised 3 percent
      of all major amputations. Trauma was the main reason for upper extremity
      amputations.

PMID- 3381667
TI  - Congenital medullary tubular stenosis. A case of Caffey-Kenny syndrome.
AB  - We report a case of congenital medullary stenosis of the tubular bones, or Caffey
      Kenny syndrome. The patient was referred to our department with retarded
      psychomotor development and contractures.

PMID- 3381668
TI  - Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma at the site of a hip prosthesis.
AB  - We report a case of malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in the acetabulum
      and ipsilateral femur 11 years after a total hip prosthesis.

PMID- 3381669
TI  - Late fracture of the femur following perforation during hip arthroplasty. A
      report of 2 cases.
AB  - Two women in their seventies sustained a perforation of the femoral shaft during
      a total hip replacement without trochanteric osteotomy. They both had late
      fractures from minor trauma 7 and 12 months postoperatively. Immediate revision
      followed by 3-6 months of external support should be considered in patients with
      peroperative femoral perforation with cement leakage.

PMID- 3381670
TI  - Correction of deformity after femoral birth fracture. 16-year follow-up.
AB  - At birth a girl sustained a displaced femoral fracture that healed with
      considerable shortening and angulation. The correction by growth of the deformity
      was followed radiographically during the entire 16-year growth period.

PMID- 3381671
TI  - Evaluation of cruciate ligament injuries. A review.
AB  - A good system for evaluating the degree of impairment, disability, and handicap
      of the patient with a cruciate ligament injury includes functional score,
      activity grading, stability testing, and measurements of performance and
      strength, all of which are relevant to different aspects of knee function. The
      symptom-related knee score gives a more differentiated picture of the disability
      than does a binomial rating of symptoms. A way of grading the disability in an
      objective way is to use a performance test. This test could also be used for
      monitoring rehabilitation before full activity has been resumed. The activity
      grading scale is very useful for grading the handicap.

PMID- 3381672
TI  - Biomaterials, Part II. Symposium organized by the Scandinavian Orthopedic
      Association. Ystad, Sweden, September 29-October 1, 1986. Abstracts.

PMID- 3381673
TI  - Adolescents and conceptions of social relations in the workplace.
AB  - This study examined the relationship between social class and adolescents'
      conceptions of social relations in the workplace. Forty female adolescent, non
      managerial employees who work part-time at McDonald's restaurants were
      interviewed. Two groups were formed: one middle-class group (n = 20) and another
      working-class group (n = 20). Results indicated that middle-class respondents
      were more apt to seek positive, affective ties with managers whereas working
      class respondents were more apt to be critical of or to maintain emotional
      distance from managers. In addition, middle-class respondents more often viewed
      managers as allies whereas working-class respondents more often emphasized
      resistance to managers or endurance in coping with work-place grievances. No
      significant differences were found in relations with co-workers.

PMID- 3381674
TI  - Positive and negative experiences of hospitalized adolescents.
AB  - Examination of the behaviors of 66 hospitalized adolescents during a 28-day
      period following release from two acute-care hospitals was undertaken. In
      addition to three standardized measures, hospitalized subjects completed the
      Hospitalization Self Report Instrument, designed to record positive and negative
      experiences while hospitalized. Four categories of positive experiences and six
      categories of negative experiences are described. Of note are statements
      suggesting personal learning and benefit from being alone and inactive while
      hospitalized. Discussion of developmental aspects in relation to adolescent
      hospitalization are explored.

PMID- 3381675
TI  - Friendship bonds in adolescence.
AB  - To assess the major motifs of interpersonal relations, achievement, and physical
      development influencing friendship formations, 204 adolescents at three grade
      levels responded to an open-ended questionnaire concerning friendship values.
      While the interpersonal category was salient at all grade levels for both boys
      and girls, it increased with time. A corresponding decrease for the achievement
      and physical attributes categories also emerged. Thus, friendship formations
      suggest a developmental trend in terms of selection, exhibiting the highest
      fluctuation by late adolescence.

PMID- 3381676
TI  - Parent-adolescent intimacy: impact on adolescent functioning.
AB  - This paper examines the influence of parent-adolescent intimacy on adolescent
      functioning. Intimacy for both adolescent males and females was assessed in
      relation to their mothers and fathers. Adolescent development was measured using
      two scales: self-esteem and problem behavior. No significant differences were
      found between males and females on the measures of self-esteem, problem behavior,
      and intimacy. However, mothers were found to share greater degrees of intimacy
      than did fathers for both male and female adolescents. A regression analysis
      revealed that father intimacy was a better predictor of positive adolescent
      functioning than was mother intimacy.

PMID- 3381678
TI  - Perceived parental acceptance and female juvenile delinquency.
AB  - The responses of 62 adolescent females residing at a state training school and 62
      high school females on a measure of perceived parental acceptance were compared
      while statistically controlling for mental age, chronological age, socioeconomic
      status, social desirability, and family structure. Generally significant (p less
      than .05) results indicate that incarcerated females viewed their mothers and
      fathers more negatively than did nonincarcerated females. Slightly more
      ambivalent results were indicated in the mother-daughter relationship (delinquent
      girls reported mothers to be more rejecting/neglecting than did nondelinquents,
      but no significant differences were found between the groups on perceived mother
      acceptance) than in the father-daughter relationship. Results were discussed in
      terms of reported parental differences in acceptance-nonacceptance, providing
      limited support for Ausubel's satellization theory of child development, and the
      difficulty of inferring causality from retrospective self-report studies using
      "captive" subjects.

PMID- 3381677
TI  - Menarche: prior knowledge and experience.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the details of first menstruation and
      the differences between those who had knowledge of menstruation prior to menarche
      and those who did not. Information from 305 young women in India was collected
      regarding menarcheal bleeding pattern, disturbances in normal menstruation, and
      menarcheal age. Those who had knowledge prior to menarche considered it to be a
      normal physiological function, while those who did not were "appalled" and
      "horrified." Those having prior knowledge had a high rate of regularity, lower
      rate of dysmenorrhea, and earlier onset of menarche. The subjects were unanimous
      in their desire for more information to be provided prior to menarche.

PMID- 3381679
TI  - Public school vandalism: toward a synthesis of theories and transition to
      paradigm analysis.
AB  - Public school vandalism was investigated with a sample of students in 7th through
      12th grade. Vandalism was found to be the highest in Grade 7 and decreased
      progressively with each increase in grade level. Being from classes in the lowest
      academic track was the strongest predictor of school vandalism. For high school
      students, having committed acts of vandalism during their junior high year was
      the second strongest correlate of vandalism. Other correlates of vandalism were:
      coming from higher status families and being absent less from school. Vandals
      were no more negative toward themselves, their classes, and school in general
      than were other students. Vandals and nonvandals were rather uncritical of
      vandalism. While this research has relevance for several theories, it is
      suggested that delinquency and deviancy research move toward paradigm analysis.

PMID- 3381680
TI  - Environmental influence on the writing of gifted high school girls.
AB  - While the environment is recognized as having an influence on career choices of
      gifted adolescent girls, no attempt has been made to examine their writing from a
      historical perspective. Files in the Guidance Institute for the Talented (GIFTS),
      University of Wisconsin, Madison, contain essays on "Dominant forces that have
      directed my life" and "The future as I see it and my place in that future"
      written by most students who went through GIFTS. A comparison of essays by 21
      gifted adolescent girls born in 1944 with 20 born in 1957 reflected changes in
      attitudes that occurred in the United States over that period. The danger of the
      environment influencing the thinking of gifted young women who have not
      established their own inner resources is stressed.

PMID- 3381682
TI  - Problems experienced by adolescents already in families that adopt older
      children.
AB  - Many families adopt school-aged children, yet the impact of such adoptions on
      children already in the family is virtually unknown. This paper reports results
      from a questionnaire administered to a small sample of adolescents concerning
      difficulties experienced with both newly adopted school-aged siblings and, for
      comparison, other children already in the family. Difficulties with all siblings
      were seen primarily as hassles. The adoptee was, however, reported as creating
      more problems than "old" siblings. The problems with the adoptee, but not with
      other siblings, suggested invasion of "turf" and, more particularly, interference
      with parent-child relationships. Difficulties are discussed in relation to their
      impact on the family system.

PMID- 3381681
TI  - Family interaction and acting-out behavior of adolescent psychiatric patients.
AB  - Although the literature has described how families reinforce and contribute to
      acting out by adolescents, this phenomena has not previously been studied within
      the psychiatric hospital. The present study systematically investigated whether
      family interaction influences the acting-out behavior of hospitalized adolescent
      psychiatric patients. Data was collected from the clinical charts of 94
      adolescents, each hospitalized for over 30 days. The results supported the
      contention that families do contribute to acting out in the hospital. However, a
      majority of the acting out was not directly related to family contact. The
      research highlights how the hospital can serve to offset negative influences by
      engaging the family in treatment and by considering family contact during
      treatment planning.

PMID- 3381683
TI  - Carol Gilligan's theory of sex differences in the development of moral reasoning
      during adolescence.
AB  - Gilligan's work, which focuses on sex differences in moral reasoning, the
      perception of violence, the resolution of sexual dilemmas and abortion decisions,
      poses a major challenge to Kohlberg's theory by introducing a feminist
      perspective of moral development. Kohlberg had shown that the average female
      attained a moral judgment rating of stage three (good boy-nice girl), while
      adolescent males score at level four (law and order) and are more likely to move
      on to postconventional levels. Gilligan suggests that these findings reveal a
      gender bias, not that females are less mature than boys. Men and women follow
      different voices. Men tend to organize social relationships in a hierarchical
      order and subscribe to a morality of rights. Females value interpersonal
      connectedness, care, sensitivity, and responsibility to people. Kohlberg's
      scoring criteria give the interpersonal care orientations of females lower
      ratings than the principled justice orientation. Hence, Gilligan identifies
      different developmental stages for females. However, she does not claim that one
      system is better; both are equally valid. Only by integrating these complementary
      male (justice) and female (care) orientations will we be able to realize our full
      human potential in moral development.

PMID- 3381684
TI  - The effects of unstable clients in adolescent treatment: contagion versus
      continuity.
AB  - This study examined the effects of integrating an unstable group of seriously
      disturbed adolescents into an existing day treatment program. Behavioral data
      were collected for an established group of subjects who were in treatment one
      year prior to and one year after the arrival of a new group of severely disturbed
      adolescents. It was found that the disruptive behavior displayed by the new
      admission subjects was not imitated by the subjects of the established group.
      Rather, there was a significant decrease in aggression and in the overall number
      of psychiatric events for the established group. The treatment milieu was seen to
      be resistant to the effects of the new admissions largely due to the structured
      form of treatment.

PMID- 3381685
TI  - Dating infidelity: behaviors, reasons and consequences.
AB  - Older adolescents were surveyed concerning three issues: behaviors which
      constitute infidelity in a dating relationship, reasons for a dating partner to
      be unfaithful, and reactions to a dating partner's infidelity. Responses from 247
      participants indicated more similarities than differences between dating
      infidelity and extramarital affairs with regard to behaviors, causes, and
      consequences. Results are discussed in terms of similarities between dating and
      marital infidelity, and the rationale for professionals to interact with
      adolescents concerning the potential long-term consequences of dating infidelity.

PMID- 3381686
TI  - Adolescent marriage and childbearing: the long-term economic outcome, Canada in
      the 1980s.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-term economic outcomes
      (education, labor force participation, occupation, and income) associated with
      female adolescent marriage and childbearing. The 1981 Canadian census is the data
      source for all women in Canada at age 30, controlling for age at marriage and at
      first birth. The data suggest that women at age 30 in Canada are in the best
      economic circumstances when they remain single or when they marry at age 20 or
      older and either remain childless or begin their childbearing at age 25 or older.
      The implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3381687
TI  - Characteristics of adolescents at risk for compulsive overeating on a brief
      screening test.
AB  - As part of a large survey of addictive behavior in high school students, 43% of a
      sample of 278 (26% of the males, 57% of the females) scored above the cutoff
      point set by Overeaters Anonymous on their scale for assessing compulsive
      overeating. While this at-risk group did not report poorer general adjustment,
      health, or school achievement than did the students not at risk, they did
      significantly more often perceive their life quality and relationship with the
      person closest to them as less positive. The at-risk subsample indicated the
      defensive effectiveness of overeating in their significantly more frequent report
      of dissociative experiences while eating, and less severe ratings of insecurity,
      worrying, and daydreaming. One of the most salient findings was the at-risk
      students' more frequent report of addictive problems in their parents
      (overeating, alcohol and drug use, and gambling).

PMID- 3381688
TI  - Identity formation: a comparison of problem and nonproblem adolescents.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of ego identity achieved in
      adolescents who had been identified as having behavioral problems with those who
      were reported not to have behavior problems. Six hypotheses were tested--one for
      a general identity score and five for subscale scores on the ego identity
      instrument. Four of the six hypotheses were significant in the expected
      direction.

PMID- 3381689
TI  - Secondary school professionals' ability to identify depression in adolescents.
AB  - Adolescent depression represents a growing concern for secondary school
      personnel. Depression is often related to suicide, which currently ranks as the
      second leading cause of death in adolescents. Since secondary school personnel
      should be able to identify characteristics of adolescent depression, the purpose
      of this study was to assess regular classroom teachers', guidance counselors',
      and special education teachers' ability to identify characteristics of adolescent
      depression. Results indicated that counselors possess the greatest knowledge of
      these characteristics, while regular and special education teachers are somewhat
      less able to identify them. Results are discussed in terms of training and
      evaluation issues for teachers.

PMID- 3381690
TI  - Effective crisis intervention.
AB  - Crisis intervention techniques in a community-based setting, including factors of
      immediacy of response, location, prior identification and flexibility of service,
      are examined. Using a community-based program which has received and dealt with
      231 crisis situations over a 2-year period as a model, this study shows crisis
      intervention techniques to be viable and valuable in the identification of
      problems in the family and individual. Families which request service due to a
      crisis must be dealt with differently from those who seek service through
      traditional channels. Preventive intervention is employed to reduce the onset of
      more serious personality disturbance and family decomposition. Using Caplan's
      phases of crisis as a guide, most families dealt with in the model program showed
      signs of reduced conflict and a greater willingness to seek more traditional
      types of services.

PMID- 3381693
TI  - Oxygen transfer from atmosphere to tissues. Proceedings of meeting. Kansas City,
      Kansas, March 27 and 28, 1987.

PMID- 3381692
TI  - The exclusion of intimacy in the sexuality of the contemporary college-age
      population.
AB  - The sexual mores of the contemporary college population have undergone some
      fundamental changes in the past twenty-five years. Converging evidence from a
      variety of reliable sources obtained from a wide range of seemingly adjusted
      subjects, including personal interviews by the author, indicates that sexual
      involvement between partners of the opposite sex has been sporadic, episodic,
      without commitment, and accompanied by a deliberate effort of both partners to
      suppress tender, romantic feelings and intimacy. The sources of this situation
      are linked to changes in five domains: the ethos, the ascent of women, advances
      in contraceptive methods, residential mobility, and changes in child-rearing
      patterns. This premeditated restraint of affect has led to a noticeable
      diminishment of gratification derived from sexual union. It has contributed to
      sexual apathy, to discord, and a substantial rise in the incidence of two types
      of psychiatric disturbance--depersonalization and derealization. Sexual union,
      instead of enhancing sociability, acts as a barrier and inhibitor of enduring
      attachment and a sense of continuity. The repercussions on the social fabric are
      unexplored and merit systematic study. It is suggested that the prevailing sexual
      conventions of college-age youth clash with the fundamental urge to form human
      attachments; diminish and often shut out the experience of passion in sexual
      unions; and bring about inner turmoil that weakens self-confidence. As a result,
      it is concluded that the prevailing college-age mores are maladaptive on the
      individual as well as the interpersonal level. In due time, they will be replaced
      by more fitting conventions. This process of replacement can be hastened by an
      appropriate educational intervention involving younger age groups.

PMID- 3381694
TI  - Can metabolites contribute in regulating blood oxygen affinity?

PMID- 3381691
TI  - Imagery associated with menstruation in advertising targeted to adolescent women.
AB  - Education about menstruation is not restricted to school instruction or
      information provided by adults and peers; exposure to advertisements in teen
      media provides imagery depicting menstruation and feminine role expectations.
      This paper analyzes the imagery in advertisements for sanitary products and
      products for the relief of menstrual symptoms. A 25% random sample of Seventeen
      magazine issues from 1976 to 1986 stratified by year were reviewed. A total of
      135 ads for sanitary products and 32 ads for products for the relief of menstrual
      discomfort were analyzed. Each ad was examined for recurrent themes in text,
      context and tone. Data collected were examined for similarities in themes across
      both product type and time. The ads depict menstruation as a "hygienic crisis"
      that is best managed by an effective "security system" affording protection and
      "peace of mind." The failure of adequate protection places the woman at risk for
      soiling, staining, embarrassment and odor. Menstruating women are depicted as
      dynamic, energetic and always functioning at their optimal level. Such imagery
      may encourage guilt and diminished self-esteem in the adolescent who experiences
      discomfort. A lack of maternal, teacher or male figures in the ads is evident;
      the importance of peer support is reinforced.

PMID- 3381695
TI  - Analysis of gas exchange in the ophthalmic rete of pigeons.

PMID- 3381696
TI  - Models of steady-state control of skeletal muscle VO2 evaluation using tissue
      data.

PMID- 3381697
TI  - Critical PvO2 vs critical oxygen transport with acute hypoxia in anesthetized
      animals.

PMID- 3381698
TI  - Capillary configuration in contracted muscles: comparative aspects.
AB  - We compared the degree of orientation (anisotropy) of capillaries in skeletal
      muscles of animals with large differences in oxygen needs and/or tolerance to
      hypoxia (mammals of different size; reptiles; birds; mammals native to high
      altitude; diving mammals). In terrestrial mammals, we found a substantial
      increase in capillary tortuosity with fiber shortening, in muscles with large
      differences in capillary density (capillary counts/fiber mm2 in transverse
      sections ranging 450-4350). There was no systematic difference in muscle
      capillary tortuosity with body size (mouse to pony), or with adaptation to high
      altitude (deer mice) or to prolonged periods of anoxia (Harbor seals), when
      account was taken of sarcomere length. A substantial increase in capillary
      tortuosity was also found in contracted skeletal muscles of the alligator with
      remarkably low capillary density (capillary counts/fiber mm2 in transverse
      sections, 120-280). On the contrary, we found that in pigeon pectoralis, a highly
      aerobic muscle with large capillary density and a large number of capillary
      anastomoses running perpendicular to the muscle fiber axis, the decrease in
      capillary anisotropy with decreasing sarcomere length was smaller than in other
      muscles. Our results indicate that 1) sarcomere length at which samples are fixed
      needs to be taken into account when capillary counts in transverse sections are
      compared between muscles and/or after different experimental conditions, and 2)
      muscle capillary tortuosity is a consequence of fiber shortening, rather than an
      indicator of the O2 requirements of the tissue.

PMID- 3381699
TI  - The total ionic status of muscle during intense exercise.

PMID- 3381700
TI  - An integrated view of the determinants of maximum oxygen uptake.
AB  - This paper develops an analysis of the interaction between circulatory convective
      and tissue diffusive O2 transport that explains how VO2 max is set by the
      integrated response to each and every step in the O2 transport chain from
      atmosphere to mitochondria. We suggest that it is not useful to search for "the"
      rate limiting step determining VO2max; rather, all steps contribute. Beyond these
      basic concepts, the theory accounts for observations of VO2max at altitude,
      permits experimentally testable predictions of VO2max under a variety of
      conditions, explains the concept of critical O2 delivery below which VO2 cannot
      be maintained, and suggests an analysis to separate the contributions of central
      convective from peripheral diffusive adaptations to stimuli such as exercise
      training and chronic altitude exposure.

PMID- 3381701
TI  - Structural vs functional limitations to oxygen transport: is there a difference?

PMID- 3381702
TI  - The effect of prolonged hypoxia on striated muscle pH regulation.

PMID- 3381703
TI  - HCl infusion stimulates the release of a substance from the blood which alters
      breathing and blood pressure.

PMID- 3381704
TI  - Oxygen transfer in the trained and untrained quarter horse.

PMID- 3381705
TI  - O2 transport in the horse during rest and exercise.
AB  - We studied mechanisms of O2 transport in 6 adult (2-5 year old) horses at rest
      and during steady-state exercise on a treadmill (0% slope) at 12 m/s (a
      submaximal gallop). Oxygen consumption was measured using an open-flow system.
      Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were simultaneously obtained for
      measurement of O2 content and hemoglobin concentration. VO2 increased from 1.5 +/
      0.2 L/min at rest to 46.2 +/- 4.8 L/min during exercise. HR increased from a
      resting value of 36.9 +/- 2.5 bpm to 196.5 +/- 10.9 bpm and the arterio-venous O2
      content difference (a-v O2) increased from 4.2 +/- 0.8 ml O2/100 ml blood to 20.3
      +/- 1.6 ml O2/100 ml blood. The 30.4-fold increase in oxygen consumption in the
      horse at submaximal VO2 versus only a 10-fold increase in man at VO2 max
      demonstrates the marked ability of the horse to transfer O2 at each step in the
      O2 transport pathway.

PMID- 3381706
TI  - Morphometry of right ventricular papillary muscle in rat during development and
      regression of hypoxia-induced hypertension.
AB  - Morphometric analyses of the right ventricular papillary muscle, as well as
      measurements of right ventricular pressure and weight, were carried out in the
      rat during the development and recovery of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
      Animals were divided into hypoxic and normobaric control groups. The hypoxic rats
      were placed in hypobaric chambers for 1, 2, and 3 wks; and after 3 wks exposure,
      subgroups of hypoxic rats were allowed to recover in normoxia for 1 to 9 wks.
      Hematocrit (HCT) and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were measured
      prior to sacrifice. The heart was perfused, and the right ventricle (RV) was
      separated from the left ventricle and septum (LV+S) and weighed. The papillary
      muscles were dissected and processed for ultrastructural morphometry. Results
      showed that HCT, RVSP, and RV weight increased in the rats during the hypoxic
      exposure and then gradually returned to control levels after 3 to 4 wks of
      normobaric recovery. The papillary muscle of the hypoxic rats showed increased
      volume density of interstitium, increased diameter and cross sectional area of
      the cardiac myocytes, reduced volume density of mitochondria, and reduced
      mitochondria to myofilament ratio. During normoxic recovery, these morphometric
      indices returned toward control values at various periods of time ranging from
      less than 3 wks to 9 wks. The results indicate that the adaptive ultrastructural
      changes of the papillary muscle in RV hypertrophy paralleled the RVSP changes,
      and also demonstrate the reversibility of these changes in ambient oxygen.

PMID- 3381707
TI  - Thermoregulation and metabolism in hypoxic animals.

PMID- 3381708
TI  - Two-compartment analysis of VA/Q inequality and transient blood-gas differences.

PMID- 3381710
TI  - Improved diagnostic procedures in allergic RAST negative rhinitis.
AB  - Patients affected by cutinegative, RAST negative, chronic hyperreactive rhinitis
      showed in 15/28 cases positive intradermal tests, nasal provocation test and RAST
      on nasal fluids. In 13/28 cases high IgE on nasal samples could be observed and
      seldom were the intradermal tests positive, but in no case were the nasal
      provocation or nasal RAST positive. Delayed and late positive provocation tests
      showed different features from early reactions. Criteria of positivity and checks
      during provocation tests look critical. The occurrence of sinusitis and polyposis
      can change clinical features. Mediators released from tissues lead to bronchial
      hyperreactivity.

PMID- 3381709
TI  - Alternaria allergy: a three-year controlled study in children treated with
      immunotherapy.
AB  - In this prospective controlled study, 39 children with Alternaria-induced asthma
      and/or rhinitis were followed-up over a 3-year period. Skin tests and RAST were
      positive to Alternaria tenuis only. All children were treated with specific
      Alternaria immunotherapy. The long-term results have shown that immunotherapy was
      successful in 80% of the children given more than 80.000 PNU. By contrast, the
      outcome of 40 selected controls also followed during the same period who did not
      receive immunotherapy was almost exactly the opposite. In addition to
      demonstrating the clinical effectivity of specific Alternaria immunotherapy, the
      authors stress the relationship between successful results, highest tolerated
      doses, and larger cumulative dosage, which is irrespective of the duration of the
      therapy.

PMID- 3381711
TI  - Skin reactions to histamine and compound 48/80 in chronic urticaria: a diagnostic
      tool?
AB  - Chronic urticaria is a changeable disorder with an unknown length of duration.
      Thus, an objective method which could differentiate affected individuals from
      healthy individuals and with predictive information about when treatment might be
      diminished or stopped would be desirable. Therefore, we have tried to achieve
      this by means of Multitest, a device rendering good skin reaction reproduction
      and reagents such as 48/80 Compound (a nonspecific mast cell degranulator) and
      histamine. These substances were applied on 1 to 10(3) Mol concentrations for
      histamine and 10 to 10(3) mg/ml as the degranulating agent. Sixteen patients and
      10 controls were submitted to this test, variables such as drugs modifying
      wheals, time of the day, age range and skin area were controlled. In both groups
      a clear dose-response relationship was demonstrated by either reagent. However,
      an excessive individual variability appeared in each sample and significant
      differences could not be shown so much for sensitivity or for reactivity
      (responses by the lowest and the highest concentrations, respectively). We
      conclude that the lack of differences observed on cutaneous mast cell
      "releasability" and skin vessels response to histamine in chronic urticaria
      patients could be due to a rather outstanding role of other cells and its
      mediators, in mechanisms of that chronic disease.

PMID- 3381712
TI  - Evaluation of ketotifen in the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma in
      children.
AB  - The usefulness of ketotifen for reducing bronchial hypperreactivity, acting as a
      prophylactic drug, was studied in children with extrinsic asthma. In an open
      label phase (phase A), 2.267 asthmatic children received ketotifen orally at a
      dosage of 1 mg twice daily for three months. Another study, double-blind, placebo
      controlled (phase B), enrolled 75 children (38 ketotifen; 37 placebo); they
      received the same dosage of ketotifen or placebo for five months, after a one
      month placebo baseline control period. A progressive improvement in the severity
      of asthmatic attacks was seen throughout the three-month period (phase A). At the
      end of the trial, the percentage of patients with moderate or intense attacks was
      reduced from 77% at baseline to 18%. Significant reductions were noted in the
      duration and frequency of asthma attacks at each monthly evaluation. The need for
      the use of symptomatic medication declined significantly during the 3-month
      trial. In the five-month, double-blind, placebo--controlled study (phase B),
      significant reduction in the frequency of dyspnea was noted at the end of the
      trial; in the placebo group, this frequency increased. This clinical observation
      was confirmed by the mean consumption of sympathomatic drugs during the five
      month treatment period: it declined in the ketotifen--treated patients but
      increased in those who received placebo. The low incidence side effects attests
      to the safety of ketotifen in children. Our results demonstrate that ketotifen is
      both safe and effective for prophylactic use in asthmatic children.

PMID- 3381713
TI  - Acetyl salicylic acid induced-urticaria and/or angioedema in atopic children.
AB  - From the report of Hirschberg, only 3 years after aspirin synthesis, there have
      been numerous works dedicated to showing the different types of adverse reactions
      found following aspirin administration. However, there are few publications on
      the process of urticaria and/or acute angioedema induced by ASA and few reported
      cases were found in children. Thus, we present 6 atopic children with urticaria
      and/or angioedema related with ASA. A carefully detailed history, oral
      provocation with ASA, oral provocation with other NSAI and HBDT with ASA were
      done to all of them. The oral provocation with ASA was positive in 5 of the 6
      cases. The provocations with the rest of the NSAI and tartrazine and sodium
      benzoate were negative in all of the patients. The HBDT was positive in 5 of the
      cases. In conclusion, we insist that aspirin intolerance is not infrequent in
      infancy and it is not rare to see urticaria and or angioedema, in spite of the
      fact that asthmatics, atopics or non atopics, usually present as bronchospasm. We
      also believe that the HBDT can be a method of diagnosis used in these cases.

PMID- 3381714
TI  - Monitoring of theophylline treatment by saliva and plasma concentrations.
AB  - The interdependence of serum and saliva theophylline concentrations was studied
      in a group of 79 children. Our results indicate that the measurement of saliva
      theophylline concentration, when the excretion of saliva is not stimulated, is
      reliable. The saliva theophylline concentration should be multiplied with the
      factor 1.6 to give an estimated serum concentration. Our results indicate that
      the use of saliva theophylline determination is comparable with the determination
      of serum concentration. The collection of saliva sample is painless compared with
      drawing a blood sample and the method is recommended, especially in pediatric
      use. The use of a slow-release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur) was studied
      and compared with the use of ordinary theophylline in a group of asthmatic
      children. It was shown that the use of slow-release theophylline preparation
      (Theo-Dur) in a dose of 16-18 mg/kg/day divided in two daily doses gave a stable
      and safe serum concentration compared with ordinary theophylline in doses about
      18-21 mg/kg/day divided in three doses.

PMID- 3381715
TI  - Indomethacin induced vasculitis.
AB  - We present a case of a 22 year old male with a personal history of ankylopoyetic
      spondylitis who has presented in the last year cutaneous lesions characterized by
      papulo erythematous (palpable purpura) localized in both distal inferior
      extremities in 3 occasions. These 3 episodes have always coincided with the
      administration of indomethacin due to increasing articular discomfort. The
      anatomical pathology of the lesions demonstrated the typical finding of
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The pathogenesis of the cutaneous process is
      discussed, considering the intervening immunocomplex wherein indomethacin or its
      metabolites have formed part in its origin.

PMID- 3381716
TI  - Gas gangrene. Recent experience in Huntsville.

PMID- 3381717
TI  - Sphenoid sinusitis: the importance of CT scanning.

PMID- 3381718
TI  - Dermoid cyst of the ovary.

PMID- 3381719
TI  - Punch biopsy for diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions.
AB  - Melanoma is a potentially fatal cancer with a relatively high incidence, but it
      can be cured if the lesions are removed at an early stage. Punch biopsy is a
      cosmetically acceptable, rapid method for removing small pigmented lesions to
      allow definitive pathologic diagnosis. The technique, which usually requires only
      a small amount of local anesthetic and no sutures, can be performed by a busy
      physician at the time the suspicious lesion is discovered.

PMID- 3381721
TI  - AIDS and stroke.

PMID- 3381720
TI  - Factitious injury of an extremity: a Munchausen variant.
AB  - Self-induced injury of one or more of the extremities may represent a distinct
      variety of Munchausen syndrome. The nature of the injury may be infectious,
      dermatologic or orthopedic. The mechanism may be secondary gain or another
      unconscious motivation that causes a craving for attention. In many cases, the
      underlying psychopathology is personality disorder.

PMID- 3381722
TI  - Patients and air travel.

PMID- 3381724
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging.

PMID- 3381723
TI  - Women begin to make gains in medical politics.

PMID- 3381725
TI  - Heritable aspects of salt sensitivity.
AB  - Dietary salt reduction is an important nonpharmacologic remedy for mild
      hypertension as well as a useful adjunct to drug treatment. However, a reduced
      salt intake diet is not effective in reducing the blood pressure of all
      hypertensive patients. Several lines of evidence indicate that some patients are
      salt-sensitive whereas others are salt-resistant. A series of investigations have
      been conducted showing that the blood pressure responses to either acute salt and
      volume loading or to a reduced dietary salt intake are normally distributed.
      Blood pressure, humoral regulators of blood pressure and renal sodium handling
      are each found to be influenced by genetic variance. The change in blood pressure
      from dietary salt reduction is influenced by genetic variance as well.
      Definitions of salt sensitivity and resistance were formulated, and salt
      sensitivity of blood pressure was found to occur significantly more often in
      black than in white Americans. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest that
      measurement of phenotypes of haptoglobin in blood may assist in identifying salt
      sensitive and salt-resistant subjects. Trials of a reduced salt intake diet in
      pharmacologically treated hypertensive patients are currently being conducted.
      The data suggest that at least half of the patients are salt-sensitive and that
      their medications may be reduced in response to the intervention. Results of this
      study may be of relevance to many of the 60 million Americans with hypertension,
      particularly to those who are black and elderly.

PMID- 3381726
TI  - A symposium: The salt-sensitive hypertensive patient. October 16-19, 1987,
      Orlando, Florida, and October 22-25, 1987, Scottsdale, Arizona. Proceedings.

PMID- 3381727
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in women: influence of gender on mortality and
      prognostic variables.
AB  - The contention that mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is
      increased in women compared with men has been controversial, with findings in a
      recent multicenter study suggesting that gender plays an important prognostic
      role. To assess whether or not early and late mortality after AMI is greater in
      women, 2,089 patients (1,551 men, 538 women) were followed for 1 year after AMI.
      In the hospital, women had an increased mortality compared to men (17.5 vs 12.3%,
      p less than 0.003) and were on average 7 years older, whereas after hospital
      discharge and up to 1 year no difference in mortality was observed. Multivariate
      analyses of historical, clinical and laboratory features demonstrated that gender
      had no independent predictive value when variables that included age, congestive
      heart failure in the hospital, history of congestive failure, prior AMI and
      diabetes mellitus were considered. Moreover, when age stratification was
      performed, the significant difference of in-hospital mortality between genders
      was no longer present. Causes of death in the hospital and during 1 year after
      hospital discharge were similar between men and women, whether or not age
      stratification was performed. Several baseline clinical characteristics were
      different between men and women; a history of systemic hypertension and
      congestive heart failure occurred more frequently in women and previous AMI and
      smoking occurred more commonly in men. Also, the value of several other important
      prognostic indicators after AMI, such as the ejection fraction, was found to
      differ between men and women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381728
TI  - The ventilatory threshold: quantitative analysis of reproducibility and relation
      to arterial lactate concentration in normal subjects and in patients with chronic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - The present study evaluates optimal ventilatory criteria and exercise protocols
      for determining the ventilatory threshold, and assesses the day-to-day
      reproducibility of the ventilatory threshold and its relation to peak oxygen
      uptake VO2 and blood lactate concentration in normal subjects and patients with
      stable chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Eighteen normal subjects and 18
      patients underwent rapid (1-minute stage) and gradual (3-minute stage) bicycle
      exercise tests on consecutive days. The ventilatory threshold was determined from
      computer-generated printouts of expired gas variables measured breath by breath.
      Interobserver variability of ventilatory threshold was small in both normal (0.66
      +/- 0.85 ml/min/kg) and CHF patients (0.50 +/- 0.46 ml/min/kg). Variability in
      the normal subjects was lower for the rapid exercise protocol (0.66 +/- 0.85
      ml/min/kg) than the gradual protocol (1.72 +/- 1.63 ml/min/kg) (p less than
      0.05), but both protocols produced similar results in the CHF group. Day-to-day
      reproducibility of ventilatory threshold was high (r = 0.91, standard error of
      the estimate 1.74 ml/min/kg) and was similar to that of peak VO2 (r = 0.95,
      standard error of the estimate 3.31 ml/min/kg). The use of co-plotted ventilatory
      equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide yielded ventilatory threshold values
      comparable to values obtained by using multiple parameters (r = 0.94, p less than
      0.0001). Although the ventilatory threshold did not predict a precise lactate
      level for individual subjects, the lactate increment at the ventilatory threshold
      occurred within a narrow range in both normal subjects and patients with CHF; the
      increase was 7.5 +/- 4.5 mg/dl and 7.7 +/- 4.1 mg/dl, respectively, indicating a
      relation to initial increases in blood lactate.

PMID- 3381729
TI  - Functional tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - This study examined the effects of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on the relation
      between right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction and mean pulmonary pressure. The
      significant inverse relation between RV ejection fraction and pulmonary artery
      pressure for the entire group (n = 95, r = -0.38, p less than 0.001) was improved
      either by looking only at the subset without TR (n = 56, r = -0.54, p less than
      0.001) or by combining the RV ejection fraction with the angiographic grade of TR
      using multivariate analysis (n = 95, r = -0.52, p less than 0.001). Pulmonary
      hypertension was associated with the development of angiographic TR. These data
      support the concept that in using the RV ejection fraction as a measure of RV
      systolic function, it is necessary to consider the presence or absence of TR.

PMID- 3381730
TI  - Inadequacy of the Gorlin formula for predicting prosthetic valve area.
AB  - A total of 135 patients with normally functioning prosthetic aortic valves who
      were catheterized 6 months after placement of Hancock, modified Hancock or Bjork
      Shiley prostheses were studied to determine the magnitude of error in Gorlin
      formula estimates of prosthetic aortic valve area. All patients were male,
      selected from 13 participating hospitals and routinely followed after valve
      replacement for 5 years. Hemodynamically determined Gorlin valve areas were
      compared with independently verified actual valve areas. Actual Hancock areas
      were measured from videotapes of valves exercised in a pulse duplicator flow
      model. Actual Bjork-Shiley areas were calculated directly from the valves' inner
      ring radius. Gorlin valve areas correlated poorly with actual valve areas (r =
      0.39). The mean Gorlin formula error was 0.36 cm2 (standard deviation = 0.32).
      Gorlin areas overestimated actual areas by greater than 0.25 cm2 in 43 patients
      (32%) and underestimated actual areas by greater than 0.25 cm2 in 29 (21%). It
      was concluded that the Gorlin formula inaccurately predicts prosthetic valve area
      in the aortic position. Overreliance on this formula in assessing aortic stenosis
      could lead to errant clinical decisions.

PMID- 3381731
TI  - Frequency of angina pectoris and coronary artery disease in severe isolated
      valvular aortic stenosis.
AB  - A consecutive series of 192 patients (121 men and 71 women, mean age 59 years,
      range 28 to 82) with isolated, severe valvular aortic stenosis was with isolated,
      severe valvular aortic stenosis was analyzed retrospectively to determine the
      relation of angina pectoris and coronary risk factors to angiographically
      significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Significant CAD (diameter reduction
      greater than or equal to 50%) was found in 47 patients (24%). Angina was present
      in 83% of them, but it was also found in 61% of the non-CAD patients. This
      symptom had as a result a low positive predictive value (31%). Of the patients
      without angina (n = 65) 12% had significant CAD. The negative predictive value of
      angina alone was thus 88%. By using multivariate logistic regression, a risk
      score could be calculated based on angina, age and sex, which increased the
      negative predictive value to 95%. It was concluded that coronary arteriography
      can only be omitted in severe aortic valvular stenosis, when patients have no
      angina and when they are less than 40 years of age for men and less than 50 years
      for women. For all other cases, coronary arteriography should be recommended.

PMID- 3381732
TI  - Cardiovascular adaptations to transfusion/chelation therapy of homozygote sickle
      cell anemia.
AB  - The effect of transfusion/chelation therapy on the cardiovascular adaptations to
      chronic anemia in pediatric and young adult patients with homozygous sickle cell
      disease is uncertain. This study compares left ventricular (LV) function indexes
      and thoracoabdominal aortic systolic and diastolic blood flow in nontransfused
      and transfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease. The study population
      consisted of 29 nontransfused patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, ages
      0.4 to 20.9 years (group 1) and 11 chronically transfused/chelated patients, ages
      4.0 to 21.8 years (group 2). The mean total hemoglobin concentration in group 2
      was 28% greater than that in group 1. The mean duration of transfusion/chelation
      therapy in group 2 was 3.7 years. The percent of predicted LV end-diastolic and
      end-systolic dimensions were significantly greater than the respective controls
      in both groups. There was no significant difference in percent of predicted LV
      end-diastolic dimension (group 1, 120 +/- 12%; group 2, 120 +/- 12%) or percent
      of predicted LV end-systolic dimension (group 1, 120 +/- 12%; group 2, 117 +/- 8)
      between the groups. The percent of LV shortening fraction was similar in study
      groups and control subjects. Aortic systolic blood flow (cc/min/m2) for group 1
      (2,426 +/- 841) and 2 (2,374 +/- 1.004) were significantly greater than
      corresponding control values (1,683 +/- 442, 1,736 +/- 430, respectively). Aortic
      diastolic blood flow was significantly greater than corresponding control values
      for both group 1 (699 +/- 313 vs 488 +/- 212) and group 2 (1,080 +/- 607 vs 588
      +/- 219).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381733
TI  - Calculating cardiac output from transmitral volume flow using Doppler and M-mode
      echocardiography.
AB  - To simplify transmitral volume flow determination by Doppler echocardiography, a
      formula for calculating mean mitral valve orifice area using M-mode
      echocardiography without any 2-dimensional measurements was developed and
      evaluated in this study. The maximal mitral orifice area was assumed to be
      circular and its diameter was calculated from the maximal M-mode mitral leaflet
      separation. The maximal area was multiplied by the mean to maximal anterior
      mitral leaflet excursion ratio to correct for phasic changes in flow orifice area
      during ventricular filling. This measurement had a high correlation (r = 0.97,
      standard error of the estimate + 0.26 cm2) with mean mitral valve orifice area
      calculated from frame-by-frame analysis of short-axis 2-dimensional echoes in a
      select group of 10 normal volunteers and 10 patients with cardiomyopathy who had
      very high quality images of the mitral valve leaflet tips. Cardiac output
      calculated using the new method for orifice area estimation combined with apex
      view mitral valve Doppler velocities was then validated in 48 consecutive
      patients undergoing thermodilution cardiac output determinations with a close
      correlation between Doppler and thermodilution cardiac output (2.3 to 6.1
      liter/min, r = 0.93, standard error of the estimate = 362 ml). The correlation
      improved when 12 patients with mild mitral insufficiency were excluded (r =
      0.95). The M-mode echocardiogram-derived mitral valve orifice method combined
      with Doppler mitral valve velocities is accurate, easy to perform, has a high
      success rate and should increase the applicability of Doppler echocardiography
      for estimation of cardiac output.

PMID- 3381734
TI  - Evidence for a taurine-deficiency cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 3381735
TI  - Isolated obstruction of large septal perforators.

PMID- 3381736
TI  - Morphologic findings in stenotic aortic valves that have had "successful"
      percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.

PMID- 3381737
TI  - Simplified method for estimation of Doppler cardiac output in the great arteries.

PMID- 3381738
TI  - Experience rounding with a hand-held two-dimensional cardiac ultrasound device.

PMID- 3381739
TI  - Origin of the left main coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk in the Syrian
      hamster.

PMID- 3381740
TI  - Acute myocardial infarction in a 22-year-old world class weight lifter using
      anabolic steroids.

PMID- 3381741
TI  - Argentina and Argentine cardiology.

PMID- 3381742
TI  - Deglutition syncope in childhood with complete atrioventricular block.

PMID- 3381743
TI  - Nonperpetual death.

PMID- 3381744
TI  - The cardioprotective effects of tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 3381745
TI  - Aortic valve replacement in both spouses on the same day.

PMID- 3381746
TI  - The case of the incorrect magnet.

PMID- 3381747
TI  - An echo-dense mass in the pericardial space as a sign of left ventricular free
      wall rupture during acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3381748
TI  - Blood pressure changes above and below the anaerobic threshold.

PMID- 3381749
TI  - Diuretics, serum potassium and ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 3381750
TI  - Nausea and vomiting during acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3381751
TI  - Nifedipine versus isosorbide dinitrate for angina pectoris.

PMID- 3381752
TI  - Usefulness of a rapid initial increase in plasma creatine kinase activity as a
      marker of reperfusion during thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - This study evaluates a new nonangiographic marker of reperfusion--a rapid initial
      increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB activity--in 50 patients
      receiving intracoronary streptokinase. Blood for CK and CK-MB activity was
      sampled at 30-minute intervals and angiography performed at 15-minute intervals
      or earlier if there were clinical signs suggestive of reperfusion. An absolute
      first-hour increase in CK activity of 480 +/- 345 IU/liter (range 54 to 1,440
      IU/liter), or a relative first-hour increase of 34 +/- 18% (range 13 to 67% of
      the peak rise), or an absolute first-hour increase in CK-MB activity of 48 +/- 36
      IU/liter (range 10 to 144 IU/liter) or a relative first-hour increase of 27 +/-
      13% (range 13 to 57%) was found in patients immediately after reperfusion with
      Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 perfusion of the artery of
      infarction. The onset of rapid increase in CK and CK-MB activity closely
      reflected the time of angiographic documentation of reperfusion. In contrast, in
      the absence of reperfusion, the absolute rate of increase in CK activity measured
      in the last hour of the 2 1/2-hour period beginning with the start of treatment
      was only 15 +/- 9 IU/liter on the average (range 2 to 30 IU/liter) and the
      relative rate of rise was 3 +/- 2% on the average (range 1 to 6%).(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381753
TI  - Left ventricular thrombus formation after first anterior wall acute myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The characteristics of the left ventricle and coronary arteries associated with
      left ventricular (LV) thrombus in patients with recent anterior acute myocardial
      infarction were defined. Of 77 patients studied, 35 (46%) had LV thrombi. The
      presence of LV thrombus was not correlated to the extent of coronary artery
      disease. The frequency of LV thrombus progressively increased with groups of
      increasing wall motion abnormality as determined by the extent of akinesia and
      dyskinesia (%AD) (%AD 0 to 14, thrombus present in 3 of 16 [19%], %AD 15 to 29,
      thrombus in 8 of 27 [30%]; %AD greater than or equal to 30%, thrombus in 24 of 34
      [71%]; p less than 0.001) and with increasingly severe degrees of early
      ventricular shape change (normal or mildly abnormal contour, 16% with thrombus;
      moderately abnormal contour, 36% with thrombus; severely abnormal contour, 70%
      with thrombus; p less than 0.001). Patients with thrombi had higher diastolic
      (249 +/- 55 vs 225 +/- 48 ml; p less than 0.05) and systolic (158 +/- 48 vs 120
      +/- 45 ml; p less than 0.001) volumes than patients without thrombi,
      respectively. A stepwise discriminant analysis identified ejection fraction,
      extent of early shape change and LV end-diastolic pressure as independent
      correlates of LV thrombus after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3381754
TI  - Usefulness of the dipyridamole-exercise echocardiography test for diagnosis of
      coronary artery disease.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that a dipyridamole infusion might sensitize the
      myocardium to exercise-induced ischemia, 33 patients with effort chest pain
      syndrome--including 24 with and 9 without angiographically documented coronary
      artery disease (CAD)--and 10 control subjects were studied. As inclusion
      criterion, all enrolled subjects had a negative resting high-dose dipyridamole
      echocardiography test result for both mechanical (development of a transient
      asynergy) and electrocardiographic (greater than 0.1 mV ST-segment shift)
      changes. All performed 2 supine exercises during 2-dimensional echocardiography
      and 12-lead electrocardiography monitoring, immediately after high-dose (0.84
      mg/kg over 10 minutes) dipyridamole (dipyridamole-exercise stress test) or
      placebo (exercise stress test) infusion. The overall sensitivity (by
      electrocardiographic, echocardiographic or combined criteria) for CAD detection
      was 10 of 24 for exercise stress test and 21 of 24 for dipyridamole-exercise
      stress test (42 vs 88%, p less than 0.01). The specificity was 19 of 19 for
      exercise stress test and 18 of 19 for dipyridamole-exercise stress test (100 vs
      95%, difference not significant). Both exercise stress test and dipyridamole
      exercise stress test yielded negative results in the 10 control subjects, with a
      similar peak rate-pressure product (X 1/100) reached in the 2 tests (287 +/- 55
      vs 274 +/- 42, difference not significant). Eight patients (all with significant
      CAD) had positive results of their exercise stress test and all 8 had also
      positive dipyridamole-exercise stress test results, at a significantly lower rate
      pressure product with respect to the exercise stress test (253 +/- 49 vs 204 +/-
      35, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381755
TI  - Acquired ventricular septal defect during acute myocardial infarction: analysis
      of 38 unoperated necropsy patients and comparison with 50 unoperated necropsy
      patients without rupture.
AB  - Thirty-eight patients (24 men and 14 women) with an acquired ventricular septal
      defect during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (rupture group) were studied and
      their clinical and necropsy findings were compared with 50 patients who died
      during their first AMI without rupture (nonrupture group). The frequency of
      systemic hypertension (54 vs 52%), angina pectoris (28 vs 22%) and congestive
      heart failure (5 vs 0%) before the fatal AMI was similar for both rupture and
      nonrupture groups. Mean heart weights for men (498 vs 526 g) and women (397 vs
      432 g) with and without septal rupture also were insignificantly different.
      Whereas previous studies of fatal AMI cases have shown that 50% of cases of fatal
      AMI without rupture have left ventricular scars, only 4 (10%) of the rupture
      cases had a left ventricular scar before the infarct that ruptured. The rupture
      group had a significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) posterior location of
      the infarcts (74 vs 40%) and, therefore, a higher frequency of associated right
      ventricular infarcts 50 vs 18%). The number of 3 major (right, left anterior
      descending and left circumflex) epicardial coronary arteries narrowed at some
      point greater than 75% in cross-sectional area of atherosclerotic plaque was the
      same in both groups. The percent of these 3 arteries totally occluded or nearly
      so (greater than 95% in cross-sectional area) by plaque was significantly less (p
      less than 0.001) in the rupture group compared with the nonrupture group (9 of 99
      arteries [9%] vs 38 of 144 arteries [26%]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3381756
TI  - Predictors of automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge for life
      threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Data from 100 patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and
      automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators (AICDs) were analyzed to
      determine if clinical, angiographic and electrophysiologic variables are
      predictive of AICD discharge. During a median follow-up period of 18 months, 45%
      of patients experienced greater than or equal to 1 device discharge during a
      documented ventricular arrhythmia or in association with presyncope or syncope
      ("appropriate" AICD discharge). Univariate predictors of appropriate AICD
      discharge included depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.0007),
      inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia at electrophysiologic study performed
      in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs (p = 0.009), fewer number of extrastimuli
      required for induction at this study (p = 0.001), inducible sustained arrhythmia
      at electrophysiologic study performed on the discharge antiarrhythmic regimen (p
      = 0.0005) and fewer extrastimuli required for this induction (p less than
      0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified the induction of a sustained
      ventricular arrhythmia by 1 or 2 extrastimuli during electrophysiologic study
      performed on the discharge regimen as the only independent predictor among the
      variables analyzed (p less than 0.0001). The probability of appropriate AICD
      discharge at 18 months was 86% for patients who had a sustained arrhythmia
      induced with 1 or 2 extrastimuli versus 15% for those requiring 3 extrastimuli
      for arrhythmia induction and 13% for patients without inducible sustained
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 3381757
TI  - Effects of weight loss on clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in normotensive
      men.
AB  - Obesity and physical inactivity are associated with both elevated cardiovascular
      risk and blood pressure (BP), but the interrelation of exercise, weight loss and
      BP is poorly understood. This study examines the independent effects of exercise
      and weight loss on both standard clinic and automated, ambulatory BP in 115
      overweight, sedentary, normotensive men (aged 30 to 59 years) who were randomly
      assigned to control status or to lose weight over 1 year by moderate caloric
      restriction (dieting) or by increased caloric expenditure (exercise). Median
      daytime and evening BP were determined from measurements made every 20 minutes
      while the subjects were awake. After 1 year, the control group gained (mean +/-
      standard deviation) 0.5 +/- 3.8 kg while the diet group lost 6.9 +/- 4.4 kg and
      the exercise group lost 4.6 +/- 3.5 kg. Clinic BP decreased similarly in all 3
      groups, but daytime and evening ambulatory BP decreased in both intervention
      groups and increased in the control group. Relative to the 1-year change in
      control subjects, net change in daytime ambulatory BP averaged -2 to -3 mm Hg in
      both dieters and exercisers, while net change in evening ambulatory BP averaged 
      3 to -4 mm Hg. These changes were all statistically significant (p less than
      0.05) when compared with control subjects except for daytime systolic BP in both
      intervention groups and evening diastolic BP in dieters. Weight loss achieved
      through caloric restriction or expenditure may cause important decreases in BP in
      normotensive men; exercise appears to confer no unique benefit. If confirmed,
      these results have important public health implications for the prevention of
      cardiovascular disease.

PMID- 3381758
TI  - Radiation oncology research directions 1987.

PMID- 3381759
TI  - The link between physics and biology.

PMID- 3381760
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies for use in radiotherapy and diagnosis.

PMID- 3381761
TI  - Research plan for radiation oncology--1987: design and analysis of clinical
      trials.

PMID- 3381762
TI  - Quality control and assurance.

PMID- 3381763
TI  - Quality-of-life assessment in cancer patients.

PMID- 3381764
TI  - Suctioning the meconium-stained infant.

PMID- 3381765
TI  - Bilirubin subfractions.

PMID- 3381766
TI  - A screening questionnaire for risk factors associated with adolescent alcohol and
      other drug abuse: an update.

PMID- 3381767
TI  - Risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.

PMID- 3381768
TI  - Deliberate intoxication of young children and pets with drugs: a survey of an
      adolescent population in a private practice.

PMID- 3381769
TI  - Ovarian cysts in newborn infants.

PMID- 3381770
TI  - Incomplete immunizations, hospitalization, and specialty care. An opportunity to
      improve the immunization status of very young children.

PMID- 3381771
TI  - The spectrum of IgA nephropathy.

PMID- 3381772
TI  - Immunization status of hospitalized preschool-age children. The need for hospital
      based immunization programs.
AB  - The records of 102 hospitalized preschool-age children were reviewed to determine
      their immunization status. Nineteen children (19%) had a documented delay in
      immunizations. None of these children were immunized prior to hospital discharge,
      although no contraindications to immunization had been identified. Two to five
      months after hospital discharge, ten patients (53%) were still deficient.
      Compliance with recommended immunization schedules is not adequately addressed
      during hospital admissions.

PMID- 3381773
TI  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Survival after prolonged mechanical ventilation.
AB  - We reviewed the records of 4778 infants who were admitted to the affiliated
      intensive care nurseries at the University of Washington in Seattle from Jan 1,
      1980, through Dec 31, 1983. We evaluated the outcome for patients with
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia who required mechanical ventilation and supplemental
      oxygen for at least six months. Eight (53%) of 15 study patients were alive at 3
      years of age. Preselected indexes measured during the first six months of life
      that were not associated with death before 3 years of age included growth
      measurements, fraction of inspired oxygen at 6 months of age, mean airway
      pressure, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and right ventricular
      hypertrophy. In contrast, recurrent cyanotic episodes requiring intermittent
      muscle paralysis or long-term sedation therapy to maintain gas exchange occurred
      in six of seven nonsurvivors and only one of eight survivors. The survivors have
      reactive airway disease and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.

PMID- 3381774
TI  - Bronchial reactivity in diabetic patients. Relationship to duration of diabetes
      and degree of glycemic control.
AB  - Bronchial reactivity was studied via carbachol testing in 46 patients affected by
      type 1 diabetes mellitus and in 30 control subjects and via exercise testing in
      55 diabetic patients and 60 control subjects. In all subjects, reactivity to skin
      allergen tests, the existence of atopic illnesses, and family history for these
      diseases were evaluated. Diabetic patients were less affected by asthma than
      control subjects, although their family history of atopy is greater. Bronchial
      reactivity, as expressed by the results of carbachol testing, was lower in
      diabetic patients than in control subjects. Furthermore, the duration of disease
      in diabetic patients was positively correlated with the results of carbachol
      testing. Reduced bronchial reactivity might be an indication of initial damage to
      the autonomic nervous system, which would thus appear to be both a complication
      and a protective factor.

PMID- 3381775
TI  - Diluted formula for beginning the feeding of premature infants.
AB  - To evaluate whether there is a preferable mode of advancing feedings in premature
      infants, 50 infants with birth weights of less than 1500 g were randomized into
      two groups. Twenty-eight infants were begun on a regimen of full-strength (FS)
      formula (84 J/30 mL [20 cal/oz]), and the volume of formula was advanced on a
      daily basis. Twenty-two infants received half-strength formula (equal parts, 84
      J/30 mL [20 cal/oz] formula and water) and were advanced at twice the volume per
      feeding as the FS group. The groups were compared with respect to the amount of
      time needed to reach an enteral energy intake of 420 J (100 cal)/kg. The half
      strength feeding group had fewer residuals and reached the indicated energy
      intake level earlier than infants in the FS group.

PMID- 3381776
TI  - Physicians' recognition of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
AB  - We examined the ability of physicians to recognize psychiatric and behavioral
      problems in the children and adolescents under their care. The report by 35
      physicians of psychopathology in their patients was compared with the reports of
      parents and of children which were derived from direct and independent
      assessments of the children and of parents about their children. Physicians'
      reports of psychological problems were also compared with reports by a child
      psychiatrist who used all available data on the children and made a best estimate
      diagnosis. Agreement between the physicians and any of the three other sources of
      information--parents, children, or child psychiatrist--was poor, with kappa
      ranging from -15 to .11. Physicians tended to underreport both minor and serious
      psychiatric problems in children. These results are discussed in the context of
      the recent American Medical Association initiative to improve the health of
      children and adolescents.

PMID- 3381777
TI  - Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring and serial electroencephalographic
      recordings in severely asphyxiated term neonates.
AB  - We report our observations from intensive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring
      and serial clinical neurologic and electroencephalographic examinations in ten
      asphyxiated full-term neonates, of whom five died and at least two survivors had
      multiple severe neurologic handicaps. Direct measurements of ICP were obtained by
      a newly developed infant subarachnoid bolt and/or a transfontanelle pressure
      transducer. Simultaneous ICPs were recorded and correlated when possible. We
      noted a dependence of transfontanelle ICP values on application technique and
      force. In infants with no bleeding diathesis, the subarachnoid bolt was safe and
      no complications were encountered. Only six infants experienced pathologic
      elevations of ICP following birth asphyxia, and of these infants only two had
      sustained, marked increases of ICP. We also noted abundant fluctuations of
      cerebral perfusion pressure (mean arterial blood pressure minus ICP), but the
      majority of fluctuations were accounted for by mean arterial pressure changes
      rather than ICP changes. We found no deterioration of clinical neurologic
      function as measured by serial mental status examinations and
      electroencephalogram samples at the time the maximum ICP was measured. We also
      noted very little change in ICP during most electrographic seizures. In these
      infants ICP did increase after birth but major ICP elevations were uncommon and
      did not appear to introduce any acute functional neurologic disturbances. Most
      changes in cerebral perfusion pressure were attributed to blood pressure rather
      than ICP changes. It appears unlikely that cerebral edema and elevated ICP play a
      major role in determining neurologic outcome in some asphyxiated term infants.

PMID- 3381779
TI  - A computerized system for evaluation of residents and residency experiences.

PMID- 3381778
TI  - Critical tricuspid insufficiency due to papillary muscle rupture. A result of
      prenatal hypoxic insult.
AB  - Fatal tricuspid insufficiency secondary to papillary muscle rupture due to
      prenatal hypoxic insult occurred in a full-term newborn. The diagnosis of flail
      tricuspid valve should be considered when fetal distress is encountered in a
      newborn with persistent hypoxemia. Prenatal diagnosis of this condition combined
      with prompt delivery, prostaglandin E1 therapy, and possible surgical repair of
      the tricuspid valve may improve chances of survival.

PMID- 3381780
TI  - Bicycle-mounted child seats. Injury risk and prevention.
AB  - Little information is available about bicycle-mounted child seats despite their
      general use for a decade. We analyzed two existing data sets to gain information
      about frequency, trend, and characteristics of bicycle-mounted child seat
      injuries to children 5 years old and younger. Available data suggest an increased
      frequency of these injuries, with the rate of passenger injuries rising from 17%
      to 28% of all reported bicycle-related injuries to children in this age group in
      California during the years 1977 to 1986. In a detailed sample of 52 injuries
      related to the use of bicycle-mounted child seats, 42% occurred when the bicycle
      crashed or tipped over and 25% occurred when the child fell out of the seat.
      Sixty-five percent involved the head and face, and 27% of the head injuries were
      serious. Substantial morbidity associated with these injuries could be
      amellorated if children using these seats wore appropriate bicycle helmets.

PMID- 3381781
TI  - Pyrethrins combined with piperonyl butoxide (RID) vs 1% permethrin (NIX) in the
      treatment of head lice.
AB  - In a randomized controlled trial, 58 subjects were treated for Pediculus humanus
      var capitis with either pyrethrins combined with piperonyl butoxide (RID, Pfizer
      Inc, New York) or 1% permethrin (NIX, Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle
      Park, NC); 31 subjects received RID and 27 subjects received NIX. Both products
      were applied according to manufacturer's directions so that NIX was applied only
      on the first visit and RID was applied on the first visit and again seven days
      later. After each treatment with a pediculicide, the comb supplied by the
      manufacturer was used to remove nits. Seven days after the initial visit, NIX was
      determined to be significantly better than RID for eradicating the lice
      infestation. Of the 27 subjects receiving NIX, 26 were live free vs 14 of the 31
      RID-treated subjects. At day 14, there was no statistically significant
      difference in the treatments (27 of 27 NIX-treated vs 29 of 31 RID-treated
      subjects were lice free). The RID comb was superior to the NIX comb for nit
      removal. Both treatments were effective and well tolerated, and no subject
      experienced adverse reactions.

PMID- 3381782
TI  - Adolescent risk-taking behavior and the occurrence of sexual assault.
AB  - The medical records of adolescent sexual assault victims presenting to Harborview
      Medical Center's Emergency Trauma Center, Seattle, were examined to determine
      behavioral risk factors preceding the assault. Twenty-six percent of the group
      were impaired by alcohol or other drugs during the assault. Forty-six percent of
      the assaults occurred after social interactions with strangers in unprotected
      surroundings. Five percent occurred after adolescents "hitchhiked" and accepted
      rides from strangers. Many of the assaults occurred between 10 PM and 4 AM. The
      incidence of injuries in victims was high (39%), while the incidence of serious
      injury was zero. Risk-taking behaviors were commonly encountered in adolescent
      sexual assault victims.

PMID- 3381783
TI  - Improving pediatricians' compliance-enhancing practices. A randomized trial.
AB  - Previous evaluations of continuing medical education (CME) have yielded
      conflicting results regarding its effects on physician knowledge, performance,
      and subsequent patient outcomes. Poor adherence by mothers to prescribed
      pediatric regimens is a separate, but well-documented, problem. In the present
      study we assessed the ability of CME to: (1) increase the knowledge of
      pediatricians about compliance-enhancing strategies; (2) increase the performance
      of these practices by pediatricians; and (3) improve mothers' compliance with
      antibiotic regimens for their children's otitis media. Ninety pediatricians were
      randomly assigned to either a control group or one of two CME interventions:
      tutorial plus printed materials or mailed printed materials only. Following the
      interventions, data on compliance and on reported behaviors of pediatricians were
      gathered from a random sample of mothers (N = 771) whose children were being
      treated for otitis media. Findings indicated that CME increased physician
      knowledge and compliance-enhancing practices and resulted in improvement in
      mothers' adherence to therapy.

PMID- 3381784
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Infantile myofibromatosis.

PMID- 3381785
TI  - Radiological case of the month. Renal cell carcinoma in a child with hemoglobin
      SA disease.

PMID- 3381786
TI  - Cholecystectomy and cholelithiasis in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - Elective cholecystectomy was performed on 12 children (eight male and four
      female; age range, 4 to 19 years; and mean age, 11.2 years) with abdominal pain
      that was related to gallstones. Seven patients had jaundice, six had nausea, five
      had fat intolerance, and three had biliary colic. Two simple transfusions (10
      mL/kg of packed red blood cells), designed to decrease the hemoglobin S content
      to less than 30% and to increase the total hemoglobin level to greater than 100
      g/L, were given preoperatively two to three weeks apart. A third transfusion was
      given on the day before surgery if the total hemoglobin level was less than 100
      g/L. The preoperative mean hemoglobin S content was decreased from 88% to 31%,
      and the mean total hemoglobin level was raised to 122 g/L. There were no
      preoperative or intraoperative complications. Post-operatively, no patients
      developed complications that were related to sickle cell anemia. Hospitalization
      averaged 6.3 days. Recurrent abdominal pain resolved shortly after surgery in all
      patients. With proper preoperative transfusions, elective cholecystectomy is safe
      in children with sickle cell anemia. Elective cholecystectomy should be
      recommended at the time of diagnosis of cholelithiasis.

PMID- 3381787
TI  - Sudden infant death due to asplenia syndrome.
AB  - An apparently healthy 80-day-old boy died suddenly for no apparent reason. The
      autopsy revealed that the patient had had congenital asplenia, extensive
      cardiovascular anomalies, and other organ malformations, including trisegmented
      lungs, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and cranial bones, a symmetrical liver,
      accessory hepatic tissue in the adrenal glands, malrotation of the intestine, and
      hypoplasia of the greater omentum.

PMID- 3381788
TI  - Nonnatural death masquerading as SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome).
AB  - This article relates our experiences with accidental and homicidal deaths in
      reported sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases. Our intent is to alert
      personnel in medical and health-related professions as well as death
      investigators (coroners, law enforcement officials, etc.) that a thorough scene
      investigation and history need to be obtained when a child's death has been
      reported, since this may modify the type of autopsy to be performed. It should
      not be assumed that all children less than 1 year of age who die suddenly die
      from SIDS.

PMID- 3381789
TI  - Evolution of Swan-Ganz catheter-related pulmonary valve nonbacterial
      endocarditis.
AB  - Invasive resuscitative and supportive therapy subsequent to accidental trauma,
      assault, or medical mishap may create lesions that forensic pathologists must
      interpret. Pulmonary valve nonbacterial endocarditis sometimes complicates
      placement of flow-directed pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheters. We examined
      ten cases of endocarditis from patients dying 0-10 days after removal of a Swan
      Ganz catheter, and compared the natural evolution of vegetations in critically
      ill patients with the reported evolution of similar vegetations in experimental
      animals in the Freedman model. There was wide variation in macroscopic, as well
      as in the light- and scanning electron-microscopic, appearances in our cases and
      we could not establish a direct relationship between vegetation structure and
      time elapsed after removal of the catheter. These findings suggest that
      parameters related to critical illness and species account for the differences
      between this disease in human and animal models.

PMID- 3381790
TI  - Evaluation of death from hypoglycemia.
AB  - Hypoglycemia involving a serum glucose of 40 mg/dl or less may lead to death from
      hypoglycemic coma. Hypoglycemia may be a factor in sudden or unexpected deaths
      investigated by a medical examiner. We reviewed the data from 54,850 autopsies in
      a large acute-care medical center to investigate the range of underlying
      conditions leading to hypoglycemic coma and found 123 cases, which included
      complications of alcoholism in 41 (33%), drugs in 26 (21%), neoplasia in 26
      (21%), conditions producing chronic passive congestion of liver in eight (7%),
      debilitating neurologic disease in eight (7%), endocrine disorders in four (3%),
      and a variety of miscellaneous conditions in ten (8%) cases. The commonest
      mechanisms producing hypoglycemia included liver disease with impaired
      carbohydrate metabolism, endogenous or exogenous drug or hormonal effect, and
      inanition from decreased intake of food.

PMID- 3381791
TI  - Face imaging reconstructive morphography. A new method for physiognomic
      reconstruction.
AB  - A new method of facial identification--Face Imaging Reconstructive Morphography
      (FIRM)--is herein described. This method permits the construction of objective
      composites of facial features based on precise cephalometric measurements. The
      anthropometric measurements are derived from radiographic films taken by the
      Analytic Morphograph (KLS). FIRM is a rapid, objective, and reproducible method
      that is distinctly better than the current methods of forensic-anthropological
      identification.

PMID- 3381792
TI  - Fatal meprobamate self-poisoning.
AB  - A case involving a suicidal overdose resulting from the ingestion of 90 tablets
      (400 mg) of meprobamate is presented. The drug was quantified using a gas
      chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). While the blood
      level was 204.6 micrograms/ml, the maximum concentration was found in the heart
      (708 micrograms/g), confirming the cardiac toxicity of meprobamate. Other drugs
      were not detected.

PMID- 3381793
TI  - The medical examiner and AIDS. Death certification, safety procedures, and future
      medicolegal issues.
AB  - The current worldwide epidemic of AIDS will have profound consequences not only
      for the delivery of health care, but also for forensic pathologists and
      investigators. AIDS continues to spread in definable risk groups, and deaths
      within some of these groups may fall under the jurisdiction of the medical
      examiner. We outline an approach to handling AIDS deaths based upon case
      definition, diagnosis by available information and procedures, and proper
      infection control. We also discuss medicolegal issues surrounding deaths due to
      AIDS.

PMID- 3381794
TI  - Death certificates, natural death, and alcohol. The problem of underreporting.
AB  - Previous studies have identified an apparent underreporting of alcohol-related
      natural deaths on death certificates. This survey consists of a review of death
      certificates in one urban county, and provides further evidence that alcohol
      caused natural deaths are underreported by physicians who sign death
      certificates.

PMID- 3381795
TI  - Massive nonatherosclerotic myocardial infarction in sickle cell anemia.
AB  - A 30-year-old black man with proven sickle cell anemia died after five years of
      progressive heart failure and three clinically distinct episodes of myocardial
      infarction. Autopsy revealed massive ventricular myocardial fibrosis, a large
      left ventricular aneurysm, and an organized nonatherosclerotic thrombosis of the
      left coronary artery. Myocardial infarction, unassociated with atherosclerosis,
      has very rarely been reported in sickle cell anemia. A toxic/lethal level of
      amitriptyline was found at autopsy.

PMID- 3381796
TI  - Pleural pearl. An immature pleural ball?
AB  - An incidental, pearl-like body was attached to the visceral pleura of a young man
      who committed suicide. The lesion consisted of concentric laminations of collagen
      and mesothelial type cells, and was associated with a resolved pleurisy. The
      possible relationship of this lesion to previously reported "pleural balls" is
      discussed.

PMID- 3381797
TI  - Sudden death due to malignant hyperthermia.
AB  - A case of sudden death in a young athlete, most likely the result of malignant
      hyperthermia, is reported. This diagnosis was entertained at autopsy and later
      confirmed by muscle biopsy on the father of the deceased, who was proven to be
      susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. The condition should be strongly suspected
      at autopsy in unexplained sudden deaths of young adults occurring during exercise
      or under stress.

PMID- 3381798
TI  - Occult aspiration of a nut in an elderly patient: a case report.
AB  - Occult foreign body aspiration is an uncommon but serious occurrence in the
      elderly population. A case is presented in which the foreign body, a nut, was
      uncovered only at autopsy.

PMID- 3381799
TI  - A bizarre case of vehicular suicide.
AB  - The upper torso of a man was discovered under a highway sign next to tire tread
      marks leading from the highway and continuing beyond the sign. The victim's lower
      torso and automobile were also found along the same path 31 m (101 ft) and 41 m
      (133 ft) beyond the sign, respectively. The decedent was initially thought to be
      a disposed, homicide victim who had been dismembered by his assailant(s).
      Accident reconstruction revealed that the victim was the driver of the automobile
      and was transected by the highway sign stanchion as he protruded through the
      passenger side window of his moving vehicle. Based on the scene findings,
      autopsy, and psychological autopsy, the manner of death was classified as
      suicidal. The criteria used by medical examiners for vehicular suicide are also
      discussed.

PMID- 3381800
TI  - Forensic medicine in Singapore.

PMID- 3381801
TI  - An explosive decompression accident.
AB  - Four divers in a compression chamber system were suddenly decompressed from 9 atm
      to 1 atm. One of the divers was about to close the door between the chamber
      system and the trunk when the accident happened. He was shot out through the door
      and severely mutilated. The three others died on the spot. The autopsy results
      are described. The most conspicuous finding was large amounts of fat in the large
      arteries and veins and in the cardiac chambers, as well as intravascular fat in
      the organs, especially the liver. This fat can hardly have been embolic, but must
      have "dropped out" of the blood in situ. It is suggested that the boiling of the
      blood denatured the lipoprotein complexes, rendering the lipids insoluble.

PMID- 3381802
TI  - Role of intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts in the reduction of portal blood
      supply to liver cells in cirrhosis.
AB  - To assess the role of intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts in the reduction of
      portal blood supply to the liver cells in cirrhosis, we measured portal venous
      flow (blood flow in the portal trunk) by the pulsed Doppler flowmeter and
      intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt index from the counts over the lungs and liver
      in both the anterior and posterior projections after instillation of 99mTc
      macroaggregated albumin in the portal vein, and calculated portal sinusoidal flow
      (blood flow into the sinusoids via the portal vein), using the equation,
      (sequence; see text) in 47 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis, and measured
      portal venous flow in 63 healthy adults in whom portal sinusoidal flow should be
      comparable to portal venous flow. Portal sinusoidal flow was significantly
      reduced in cirrhotics with an intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt index averaging
      24%, whereas portal venous flow was similar in the cirrhotics and control. There
      was a significant inverse correlation between intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt
      index and portal sinusoidal flow. When cirrhotics were divided into three stages,
      based on Child's grading, intrahepatic portal-systemic shunt index was
      significantly increased in the group order of Child's A (8 +/- 9%), Child's B (27
      +/- 22%), and Child's C patients (46 +/- 19%), and portal sinusoidal flow was
      decreased in the same order. Portal sinusoidal flow was significantly reduced in
      Child's B and Child's C patients, but not in Child's A patients, compared with
      the control. In conclusion, intrahepatic portal-systemic shunts may play a role,
      at least in part, in the reduction of portal blood supply to the liver cells in
      patients with advanced stage of posthepatitic cirrhosis when large intrahepatic
      portal-systemic shunts develop.

PMID- 3381803
TI  - HBs antigen subtypes among acute hepatitis patients in Japan: evidence of
      imported hepatitis.
AB  - HBs antigen subtypes were determined among 137 acute hepatitis patients in Japan.
      The distribution among the 99 male patients was 40 adr, 37 adw, one ayw, and 21
      undetermined while that among the 38 female patients was 19 adr, 11 adw, and
      eight undetermined. The distribution among the male patients was different from
      that among HBs antigen carriers in Japan, suggesting that they were exposed not
      only to domestic HBs antigen carriers, but also to other sources. Thirty-one (29
      males and two females) of the 137 patients (22.6%) were found to have been abroad
      at some time during the incubation period. The distribution among them was seven
      adr, 21 adw, and three undetermined. The majority had the same subtypes that are
      prevalent in the countries they visited, supporting the hypothesis that most of
      them had contracted the disease overseas. The remaining 106 patients had a
      distribution of the subtypes similar to that of domestic HBs antigen carriers.
      "Imported hepatitis" would be an important cause of acute type B hepatitis in
      Japan.

PMID- 3381804
TI  - Fungal colonization of gastric ulcers.
AB  - Retrospectively, samples from 337 newly diagnosed gastric ulcers were studied for
      the prevalence of fungus using a periodic-acid Schiff-diastase stain. In 64 (19%)
      gastric ulcers, fungal material was found in the ulcer base. There was no
      difference in prevalence of fungi between benign gastric ulcers and ulcerating
      gastric carcinomas. The "fungal" ulcers tended to be larger in diameter and are
      more often suspected to be malignant than "normal" gastric ulcers. Since no
      tissue invasion was found and healing tendency after therapy seemed not to be
      delayed, we conclude that fungus in gastric ulcer is probably a secondary
      phenomenon, and has little clinical significance.

PMID- 3381805
TI  - Are dyspeptic symptoms in patients with Campylobacter pylori-associated type B
      gastritis linked to delayed gastric emptying?
AB  - In this paper, the association of gastric Campylobacter pylori (CP) colonization
      with histologic findings and gastric emptying of a mixed solid-liquid meal was
      prospectively investigated in 43 consecutive patients with essential non-ulcer
      dyspepsia (ENUD). Gastric emptying was also measured in 30 symptom-free control
      subjects. The frequency of CP infection in patients with ENUD was 44.2%. We found
      a strong association between gastric CP colonization and chronic antral type B
      gastritis. Although gastric emptying was significantly prolonged in patients with
      ENUD, compared with the control group (p less than 0.05), we could not detect
      significant differences of gastric emptying between CP-negative and CP-positive
      ENUD patients, both groups disclosing a similar proportion of patients with
      significantly delayed gastric emptying (29.2% vs 31.6%). We therefore conclude
      that delayed gastric emptying of a mixed solid-liquid meal is not correlated with
      CP-positive chronic antral type B gastritis, and does not help to explain
      dyspeptic symptoms, which may possibly arise in relation to gastric CP
      colonization.

PMID- 3381806
TI  - Tumor variation in three extended Lynch syndrome II kindreds.
AB  - Lynch syndrome II is characterized by an autosomal dominantly inherited
      susceptibility to early onset colon cancer with proximal predominance, an excess
      of synchronous and metachronous colonic cancer, carcinoma of the endometrium,
      ovary, and multiple primary cancer excess. Knowledge of the full tumor spectrum
      in this disorder(s) remains elusive. Cancers that are uncommon in this disease,
      but present in three extended Lynch syndrome II families, included brain tumors,
      carcinoma of the bile duct, duodenum, the urological system, and breasts. Long
      term followup of these families (as long as two decades) provided the opportunity
      to trace in depth this tumor spectrum. Full scrutiny of cancer of all anatomic
      sites in the absence of biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity to the
      cancer-prone genotype will be necessary to comprehend more clearly whether these
      (or other) cancer sites are integral to this disorder, whether common
      environmental exposures are involved and, finally, whether chance can explain
      these cancer associations.

PMID- 3381807
TI  - Selenium status and the polyp-cancer sequence: a colonoscopically controlled
      study.
AB  - Diminished blood selenium levels have been associated with increased risk of
      gastrointestinal cancers in man, while dietary selenium supplementation reduces
      the incidence of experimental colon cancer in rats. However, no previously
      published data are available concerning selenium and the evolution of colon
      cancer from benign neoplastic colonic polyps through localized and metastatic
      cancer. To assess any influence of selenium on this polyp to cancer sequence, we
      measured plasma and erythrocyte selenium levels in colonoscopically and
      histologically evaluated patients with adenomatous polyps (group I), locally
      resectable colon cancer (group II), metastatic colon cancer (group III), and
      selected colonoscopy negative controls (group IV). We found no difference in
      selenium levels between groups IV versus groups I or II. Likewise, within group
      I, no difference in selenium was present for different polyp histologies or
      numbers of polyps. However, selenium levels did drop progressively (p = 0.028,
      ANOVA) from polyp (group I) to local cancer (group II, p = NS vs group I) to
      metastatic cancer (group III, p less than 0.05 vs group I or group II). Parallel
      changes were seen in both plasma and erythrocyte levels, suggesting that these
      selenium abnormalities are of long duration, reflecting tissue stores, and
      therefore capable of influencing cancer risk. We conclude that selenium stores
      may not be an important factor in the de novo formation of benign neoplastic
      colonic polyps. Although these data suggest that selenium does not affect the
      polyp-cancer sequence, it is possible that a subset of patients with polyps and
      the lowest selenium levels are at higher risk for malignant transformation.
      However, these human data do not support a significant role for selenium in colon
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3381808
TI  - Crohn's disease in West Indians.
AB  - An epidemiological survey in the City of Derby from 1976 to 1985 indicated that
      there was no significant difference in the incidence of Crohn's disease in West
      Indians (4.5-5.6/10(5)/yr) and the caucasian population (7.0/10(5)/yr). These
      results indicate that West Indians are not genetically protected against the
      development of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3381809
TI  - Resection for intraluminal duodenal diverticulum.
AB  - We report a patient with intraluminal duodenal diverticulum in whom symptoms
      recurred after gastrojejunostomy. Resection of the diverticulum resulted in the
      disappearance of symptoms.

PMID- 3381810
TI  - Collagenous sprue as a cause for malabsorption in a patient with myotonic
      dystrophy: a new association.

PMID- 3381811
TI  - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome associated with colon carcinoma and adenomatous changes
      in C-C polyps.
AB  - A 73-yr-old man with the clinical features of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome developed
      colonic carcinoma. Radiologic and endoscopic examination revealed numerous polyps
      involving the stomach and large intestine. Histologic examination of the biopsied
      polyps revealed polypoidal lesions covered by a single layer of normal columnar
      mucus-secreting epithelial cells. The stroma of each polyp was composed of well
      vascularized edematous lamina propria containing inflammatory cells and glands of
      variable sizes. Some of the glands were cystically dilated and lined by a single
      layer of mucin-secreting epithelial cells. These polyps were reminiscent of
      "juvenile polyps" or retention polyps. Some of these polyps also showed definite
      adenomatous changes at the surface epithelium. In addition, a large cecal
      tubulovillous adenoma with foci of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was noted,
      indicating that adenomatous and carcinomatous epithelial changes can occur in
      otherwise nonneoplastic polyposis of the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome as seen in the
      present case.

PMID- 3381812
TI  - Hepatic encephalopathy and reversible cortical blindness.
AB  - We report a case of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy accompanied by transient
      cortical blindness. The patient with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis had six attacks
      of hepatic encephalopathy of grades II to III during 1 yr after admission. In the
      beginning of each episode of encephalopathy, when the patient was conscious, a
      complete loss of vision occurred, but with a normal pupillary reflex to light. At
      the same time, the visual evoked potential recorded the second negative wave with
      a prolonged latency and a diminished amplitude. His sight completely returned,
      and the electroencephalogram tracing and the visual evoked potential response
      normalized after treatment for the encephalopathy. The loss of vision was thought
      to be cortical blindness accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy. Thus, in rare
      cases of hepatic encephalopathy, the visual cortex may be affected, and cortical
      blindness may occur before the loss of consciousness.

PMID- 3381813
TI  - Rapid urease test (CLO-Test) for early detection of Campylobacter pylori
      infection in children.

PMID- 3381814
TI  - Barrett's epithelium and esophageal adenocarcinoma in scleroderma.

PMID- 3381815
TI  - Liver penetration by peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3381816
TI  - Intestinal amyloidosis: an unusual complication of Behcet's disease.

PMID- 3381817
TI  - Challenges to epidemiology in the next decade.

PMID- 3381818
TI  - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and residential exposure to power frequency
      magnetic fields.
AB  - Recent research has suggested that nonionizing radiation in the form of power
      frequency magnetic fields may play some role in carcinogenesis in general and in
      acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in particular. Much of the epidemiologic evidence
      is preliminary in nature and the methods of previous studies have been
      criticized. In order to further evaluate this hypothesis, a population-based case
      control study of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and residential exposure to
      power-frequency magnetic fields was carried out in western Washington state.
      Analyses were based on 114 cases who were newly diagnosed from 1981 to 1984 and
      identified from a population-based cancer registry, and 133 controls who were
      chosen from the study area by random digit dialing. Magnetic field exposure was
      estimated from external electrical wiring configurations within 140 ft (42.7 m)
      of each subject's residence. In addition, magnetic fields were measured inside
      the subject's residence at the time of interview. Neither the directly measured
      magnetic fields nor the surrogate values based on the wiring configurations were
      associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

PMID- 3381819
TI  - Ischemic heart disease in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, 1979
      1985.
AB  - In Australia, mortality rates from ischemic heart disease have declined by more
      than 40 per cent in the last 20 years. To investigate the reasons for this trend,
      detailed studies are being conducted in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, an
      area with high heart disease rates. Data on death rates and attack rates from
      1979 to 1984-1985 were obtained from three sources: national mortality records,
      local hospital statistics, and heart disease registers conducted in 1979 and 1984
      1985 using World Health Organization protocols. Age-standardized death rates from
      ischemic heart disease, hospitalization rates for acute myocardial infarction,
      and attack rates from myocardial infarction determined from the disease registers
      all showed declines of approximately 3-4 per cent per year from 1979 to 1985. The
      results differ from findings in New Zealand, where the decrease in ischemic heart
      disease mortality has been attributed to fewer sudden deaths. These discrepancies
      demonstrate the need for carefully standardized studies to gain insight into
      evolving patterns of heart disease in different populations.

PMID- 3381820
TI  - Diabetes mellitus: an independent risk factor for stroke?
AB  - Raised blood pressure is the strongest single risk factor for stroke in the
      general population. Diabetics are at increased risk of both hypertension and
      stroke. It is not clear if diabetes mellitus confers an excess risk of stroke
      that is independent of blood pressure. The authors examined the relation of
      diabetic status (personal history of diabetes and/or fasting plasma glucose
      greater than 7.8 mmol per liter) to stroke risk in a population-based cohort of
      3,778 adults aged 50-79 years in Rancho Bernardo, California who were followed
      from 1972 for an average of 12 years. There were 232 stroke cases, 139 of which
      were ascertained from death certificates. Diabetics had higher mean systolic
      blood pressures, significantly so in females, and diabetics of both sexes were
      significantly more obese. Diabetics had greater univariate age-adjusted stroke
      mortality and morbidity rates than nondiabetics. The increased stroke rates were
      still apparent in diabetics after stratifying for systolic blood pressure. In
      multivariate analyses, the relative risks (RRs) for stroke mortality and
      morbidity associated with diabetes were not significantly changed in men (RR =
      1.8) and women (RR = 2.2), after adjusting for the effect of risk factors
      including age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, obesity, and smoking
      habits, and excluding persons with personal history of heart attack, heart
      failure, or stroke. These findings support the hypothesis that diabetes may
      confer excess risk of stroke independent of blood pressure.

PMID- 3381821
TI  - Coffee consumption and serum cholesterol in the hypertension detection and follow
      up program.
AB  - The relation between coffee consumption and serum cholesterol level was
      investigated in a group of 9,043 hypertensive adults who were in the Hypertension
      Detection and Follow-up Program. In this study, men and women aged 30-69 years at
      baseline (1973-1974) had their serum cholesterol level measured at the two-year
      examination (1975-1976). Information about coffee, tea, and cola consumption was
      also obtained at that time from a food frequency questionnaire. The relation of
      coffee consumption and serum cholesterol level with potentially confounding
      variables including age, race, sex, diuretic status, diastolic blood pressure,
      cigarette smoking, relative weight, physical activity, stress, and education
      level was examined. When these variables were entered into a multiple regression
      equation, a positive association with coffee consumption and serum cholesterol
      level (p less than 0.05) was present. There was no significant relation between
      serum cholesterol level and consumption of tea, cola, or decaffeinated coffee-
      the other major contributors of caffeine to the diet--or total caffeine intake.
      This study indicates a significant positive relation between coffee consumption
      and serum cholesterol level.

PMID- 3381822
TI  - Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk.
AB  - The inconclusive findings of past analytic epidemiologic studies on diet and
      breast cancer may have resulted from the inability of these studies to assess
      early dietary exposures. The role of macronutrient intake during early life can
      be indirectly studied, however, by examining past and present body size. The
      authors identified by computer linkage a population-based historical cohort of
      38,084 women born between 1918 and 1943, on whom information about weight and
      height had been recorded in Hawaii in both 1942-1943 and 1972. Linkage of this
      cohort to the Hawaii Tumor Registry resulted in the identification of 607
      incident cases of breast cancer for 1972-1983. An average of 4.4 cancer-free
      controls were matched to each case on year and month of birth and race of the
      parents. A matched case-control analysis, conducted in each five-year birth
      cohort, revealed a negative association of adolescent body mass to premenopausal
      breast cancer. This negative association was statistically significant in girls
      aged 10-14 years in 1942 (p for trend, 0.004), was present in all ethnic groups,
      and was strongest among overweight young women who remained overweight in
      adulthood. Early-age weight, height, and body surface area were not associated
      with either pre- or postmenopausal breast cancer. Adult weight and gain in body
      mass since 1942 were positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer
      risk. Adjustment for age at first birth, parity and socioeconomic indicators for
      1942 and 1972 did not modify the results. This study provides evidence for a
      protective role of adolescent obesity against premenopausal breast cancer, and
      for an enhancing role of a positive energy balance during adult life on
      postmenopausal breast cancer.

PMID- 3381823
TI  - Lipids and lipoproteins in new immigrant Ethiopian Jews in Israel.
AB  - In an investigation of lipid levels following a period of deprivation and
      prolonged travel, 206 male and 272 female Ethiopian Jewish immigrants to Israel
      were evaluated at the end of 1984. This ethnic group, most of whom are lean
      persons who had apparently consumed a high simple carbohydrate diet, revealed
      distinct (cross-sectionally evaluated) age and sex patterns of lipid
      distribution. Total cholesterol in the Ethiopians resembled that in Israeli-born
      adolescents or adult resident Israelis at ages 8 years through 20-29 years, but
      mean levels were considerably lower in Ethiopians at ages 30-39 years through 60
      years, where they do not exceed 175 mg/dl for males and 190 mg/dl for females.
      Mean triglyceride levels were higher for Ethiopian females than in Israeli
      females up to age range 40-49 years. While the levels in Israelis increase
      steadily with age, no clear age pattern was discernible in the levels in the
      Ethiopians (at least cross-sectionally). Among the Ethiopian males, levels were
      considerably higher than those among Israeli males in childhood and adolescence.
      In Ethiopian adults, the triglyceride levels appeared to be slightly lower than
      those in resident Israelis. The Ethiopian immigrants displayed markedly reduced
      high density cholesterol (38 mg/dl for males, 39 mg/dl for females) compared with
      levels of between 50 and 53 mg/dl for Israelis at age 8-9 years. These
      differences diminished with age, until, at around age 20-29 years, mean levels
      became comparable (around 42 mg/dl for males and 50 mg/dl for females) and
      remained so at older ages. The distinct lipid patterns in the Ethiopian Jewish
      immigrants to Israel are subject to ongoing follow-up to investigate the effect
      of a quasi-western diet and a western lifestyle on this ethnic group.

PMID- 3381824
TI  - The John Henryism and Framingham type A scales. Measurement properties in elderly
      blacks and whites.
AB  - In 1984-1985, the authors interviewed 1,017 participants in the Charleston Heart
      Study in Charleston County, South Carolina to investigate the measurement
      properties of the Framingham Type A Scale in elderly blacks and whites and those
      of the John Henryism Scale for Active Coping, which was originally designed for
      use in black populations. They conclude that the Framingham Type A and John
      Henryism scales do in fact measure two quite different behavior patterns, and do
      have different correlates in elderly blacks and whites. The results are of
      particular interest since the Charleston Heart Study sample includes an
      oversampling of high socioeconomic status black males (n = 69). In this respect,
      it is unique among long-term cardiovascular studies and provides the opportunity
      to estimate separate race and socioeconomic status effects, as well as to examine
      their interaction.

PMID- 3381825
TI  - Factors associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in the first national Health
      and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I). Evidence for an association with
      overweight, race, and physical demands of work.
AB  - The authors used data from the United States first national Health and Nutrition
      Examination Survey of 1971-1975 (HANES I) to explore the cross-sectional
      associations between radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee and a variety of
      putative risk factors. A total of 5,193 black and white study participants aged
      35-74 years, 315 of whom had x-ray-diagnosed osteoarthritis of the knee, were
      available for analysis. After controlling for confounders, the authors found
      significant associations of knee osteoarthritis with overweight, race, and
      occupation, all of which have been suggested by smaller cross-sectional studies.
      They then focused specifically on those factors. For overweight, they found a
      strong association between current obesity and osteoarthritis of the knee, with a
      dose-response effect not previously assessed. This association was also seen for
      self-reported minimum adult weight, a proxy for long-term obesity, and was
      present in persons with asymptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee. These findings
      strongly suggest that obesity is causative. HANES I was the first study in which
      racial differences in osteoarthritis of the knee could be assessed within the
      same country. The black women who were studied had an increased risk of disease
      (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39-3.23) after
      controlling for age and weight, although the black men did not. Finally, the
      authors used the US Department of Labor Dictionary of Occupational Titles to
      obtain characterizations of the physical demands and knee-bending stress
      associated with occupations and to study the relation between physical demands of
      jobs and osteoarthritis of the knee. They found for persons aged 55-64 years an
      association between knee-bending demands and osteoarthritis of the knee (men, OR
      = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.21-4.97; women, OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.22-10.52). Since such
      occupational physical demands are common, the authors conclude that they may be
      associated with a substantial proportion of osteoarthritis of the knee.

PMID- 3381826
TI  - Prediction of children's blood lead levels on the basis of household-specific
      soil lead levels.
AB  - To help guide policy decisions about removing lead-contaminated soils, the
      authors estimated a regression model for predicting a child's blood lead level on
      the basis of his or her household-specific soil lead level. The data analyzed
      were blood lead levels (1-45 micrograms/dl) and household-specific soil lead
      levels (53-20,700 ppm) of 596 children aged 1-5 years who lived in the Helena
      Valley of Montana and the Silver Valley of Idaho during August 1983. A non
      threshold, multiple linear regression model indicated that the estimated mean
      natural log transformed blood lead level increased by 0.231 micrograms/dl for
      each unit increase in natural log transformed soil lead level (ppm), after
      adjusting for the average number of daily outdoor play hours and whether someone
      in the household smoked. The model predicted that, at a soil lead level of 1,000
      ppm, a child who does not play outside and who does not live in a household where
      someone smokes would be at low risk of lead toxicity (blood lead level between 4
      and 24 micrograms/dl).

PMID- 3381828
TI  - Analysis of geographic differentials in infant mortality rates. The Or Yehuda
      community.
AB  - Comprehensive evaluation of matched infant death certificate data and livebirth
      certificate data for 1977-1980 was performed for two areas in Israel: Or Yehuda,
      a small, low socioeconomic status community which had an infant mortality rate of
      19.1 per 1,000, and the rest of Ramat Gan district, which had an infant mortality
      rate of 10.3 per 1,000. A method is presented which illuminates the role of
      statistical models in analyzing small area data, in evaluating twofold observed
      differences in crude and factor-specific mortality rates in two areas, in
      assessing heterogeneity in population stratum-specific mortality rate ratios, and
      in identifying causes for inter-area differences in infant mortality rate.
      Identical logistic models were fitted to each of the areas independently, and
      these were used to investigate effects due to birth weight, sex, parity, maternal
      age and education, and parental occupation. The differences in the distribution
      of risk level (number of risk factors) present in each population (or the
      proportion of multi-problem families) were identified as a single factor that can
      explain most of the disparity between the areas. The direction and magnitude of
      the relation between risk level and infant mortality rate were similar in both
      communities: the greater the number of risk factors, the higher the rate.
      Identification of a target population for intervention through only one or two
      specific risk factors would be unprofitable in reducing the overall community
      infant mortality rate since too many families with multiple risk would be
      excluded, and too many with single risk factors would be included.

PMID- 3381829
TI  - On sample-size and power calculations for studies using confidence intervals.
AB  - A recent trend in epidemiologic analysis has been away from significance tests
      and toward confidence intervals. In accord with this trend, several authors have
      proposed the use of expected confidence intervals in the design of epidemiologic
      studies. This paper discusses how expected confidence intervals, if not properly
      centered, can be misleading indicators of the discriminatory power of a study. To
      rectify such problems, the study must be designed so that the confidence interval
      has a high probability of not containing at least one plausible but incorrect
      parameter value. To achieve this end, conventional formulas for power and sample
      size may be used. Expected intervals, if properly centered, can be used to design
      uniformly powerful studies but will yield sample-size requirements far in excess
      of previously proposed methods.

PMID- 3381827
TI  - The evaluation of the data collection process for a multicenter, population
      based, case-control design.
AB  - This report details the methods the authors used to conduct the Cancer and
      Steroid Hormone Study, a multicenter, population-based, case-control study of
      oral contraceptive use in relation to breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer
      diagnosed during 1980-1982. The authors have documented their methods and
      rationale, and the results of their data collection efforts as a practical guide
      for the planning and conduct of large case-control studies. They observed the
      following: 1) the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program is a useful
      epidemiologic resource for identifying cases from which to evaluate risk factors
      for cancer in the United States; 2) random digit dialing is an effective and
      efficient method for screening for eligible controls for a population-based
      study; 3) with the cooperation of community pathologists, histologic specimen
      slides can be retrieved and reviewed for diagnostic confirmation and histologic
      subclassification of cancer for greater than 95% of the cases interviewed; and 4)
      data reported during personal interviews of study participants can be validated
      by reviewing medical records for more than 75% of study participants who reported
      medical events that occurred during the 10 years before the beginning of the
      study.

PMID- 3381830
TI  - Re: "The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study".

PMID- 3381832
TI  - Re: Exposure opportunity in epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 3381831
TI  - Re: "Environmental and behavioral determinants of fasting plasma glucose in
      women: a matched co-twin analysis".

PMID- 3381833
TI  - Re: "A measurement of the efficacy of nosocomial infection control using the 95
      per cent confidence interval for infection rates".

PMID- 3381834
TI  - Re: "Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the lung".

PMID- 3381835
TI  - The association of maternal smoking with age and cause of infant death.
AB  - Linked birth certificate and infant death certificate data from Missouri for 1979
      1983 were used to explore the association of maternal smoking with age and cause
      of infant death. The data included 305,730 singleton white livebirths, of which
      2,720 resulted in infant deaths. Using multiple logistic regression to control
      for the confounding effects of maternal age, parity, marital status, and
      education, the authors found that smoking was associated with both neonatal and
      post-neonatal mortality and with each cause of death except congenital anomalies.
      The adjusted odds ratio for smoking was higher for postneonatal deaths than
      neonatal deaths and was particularly high for two causes: respiratory disease
      (odds ratio = 3.4) and sudden infant death syndrome (odds ratio = 1.9). A
      moderate odds ratio (about 1.4) was found for causes attributed to the
      International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision Perinatal Conditions
      Chapter. Although the associations for neonatal deaths and perinatal conditions
      were partially attributable to the effect of maternal smoking in lowering birth
      weight, virtually none of the excess respiratory mortality and sudden infant
      death syndrome mortality among the offspring of smokers was attributable to birth
      weight differences between the infants of smokers and nonsmokers. This suggests
      that respiratory deaths and sudden infant death syndrome deaths may be related to
      the effect of passive exposure of the infant to smoke after birth.

PMID- 3381836
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and exposure to occupational dust.
AB  - The authors studied 1,342 cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach identified by a
      population-based cancer registry in Los Angeles County, California. The cases
      were males aged 20-64 years first diagnosed between 1972 and 1982. To determine
      whether exposure to occupational dust increased the risk of developing stomach
      cancer, occupational titles were rated for the likelihood of exposure to various
      kinds of dust. Men who worked in dusty jobs had a risk for developing stomach
      cancer 1.3 times that of unexposed men (95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.4). The
      association of exposure to dust with stomach cancer was stronger at higher levels
      of exposure. The risk was not uniform throughout the stomach: the highest risk
      (1.8 times that of unexposed men) was found for the antrum/pylorus. At that site,
      exposure to mineral dust carried the greatest risk for cancer (3.7 times the risk
      for unexposed men). The highest risks from dust exposure were observed in blacks.
      Risk was related to race, socioeconomic status, and immigrant status, but these
      factors did not entirely explain the association with dust exposure. The observed
      relation between dust exposure and stomach cancer is consistent with results of
      previous mortality and case-control studies of cancer in men who worked in dusty
      occupations. Ingested dust may be one factor in the etiology of adenocarcinoma of
      the stomach.

PMID- 3381837
TI  - Smoking and invasive cervical cancer risk. Results from a case-control study.
AB  - The association between cigarette smoking and risk of invasive cervical cancer
      was investigated in a case-control study conducted in four hospitals in Leipzig,
      German Democratic Republic in 1983-1985. Analyses were based on 225 women aged 64
      years or younger with newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer and 435 age
      matched controls with orthopedic or skin diseases. The crude relative risk of
      invasive cervical cancer was significantly elevated for women who had ever smoked
      (relative risk (RR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.1). Adjustment
      for number of sexual partners reduced the risk to RR = 1.2 (95% CI = 0.8-1.6).
      Furthermore, the risk for smokers depended significantly on number of sexual
      partners (p less than 0.05) and was increased only among women with no partner or
      one partner (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.2-6.1).

PMID- 3381838
TI  - Association of malnutrition and diarrhea in children aged under five years. A
      prospective follow-up study in a rural Sudanese community.
AB  - Results are reported from a one-year follow-up study conducted in 1983 and 1984
      of 445 Sudanese children aged under five years that was designed to address the
      hypothesis that malnutrition increases the incidence of diarrheal disease.
      Children were weighed and measured at two-month intervals ("child intervals") and
      diarrhea incidence was ascertained during biweekly house visits. During child
      intervals that followed a prior episode of diarrhea, underweight (weight-for-age
      less than 90% of expected) was associated with a higher incidence of diarrhea
      after adjusting for the potential confounding effects of age and socioeconomic
      factors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.8). During
      child intervals with no history of diarrhea in the preceding interval, the
      association with underweight was less (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9-1.6); among these
      children, stunting (height-for-age less than 95% of expected) was significantly
      associated with diarrhea (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-1.8). Moderate malnutrition
      (weight-for-age less than 75% of expected) was associated with a twofold
      increased risk of multiple episodes of diarrhea during a follow-up interval
      whether or not diarrhea had occurred in the preceding interval (OR = 2.0, 95% CI
      = 1.2-3.5) after adjusting for age, socioeconomic factors, and diarrhea in
      preceding interval. Age, rainy season, and history of diarrhea in preceding
      interval were found to be strongly associated with incidence of diarrhea. These
      data are consistent with the hypothesis that malnutrition increases the risk of
      childhood diarrhea.

PMID- 3381839
TI  - West Coast jobfocus. West Coast wonders.

PMID- 3381841
TI  - Clinical savvy: What does the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act require of
      nurses?

PMID- 3381840
TI  - Working with people: in defense of followership.

PMID- 3381843
TI  - Who will care for the caregivers?

PMID- 3381842
TI  - Pain consult: world narcotics consumption.

PMID- 3381844
TI  - Wanted: cleanup patrol.

PMID- 3381845
TI  - HIV risk (still) low for health care workers.

PMID- 3381846
TI  - Incidence of AIDS among children.

PMID- 3381848
TI  - Taking the terror out of amphotericin B.

PMID- 3381847
TI  - Dealing with details.

PMID- 3381849
TI  - Giving amphotericin B in the home.

PMID- 3381850
TI  - A time for tears.

PMID- 3381852
TI  - Debbie.

PMID- 3381851
TI  - Ballooning open a stenotic valve.

PMID- 3381853
TI  - Transactions of the fifty-fourth annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Obstetrical
      and Gynecological Society. Pebble Beach, California, September 27-October 2,
      1987.

PMID- 3381855
TI  - Stress fractures in pregnancy.
AB  - Because of jogging and aerobics, more stress fractures are occurring in women
      today. That they can occur unrelated to these activities in pregnant women is not
      quite so well known. Two cases of stress fracture of the pubic bone sustained at
      delivery are presented, along with discussion of the possible causes and simple
      treatment of such fractures.

PMID- 3381854
TI  - There has been progress.

PMID- 3381856
TI  - Vaginal reconstruction after exenteration with use of gracilis myocutaneous
      flaps: the University of California, San Francisco experience.
AB  - At the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center we have performed
      18 vaginal reconstructive procedures with gracilis flaps at the time of anterior,
      posterior, or total pelvic exenteration. We have compared these patients with 13
      other patients undergoing exenteration during the same interval who chose not to
      have vaginal reconstruction. There was no significant difference between the two
      groups with respect to age, weight, operating time, blood loss, or duration of
      postoperative hospitalization, but there were significantly fewer serious
      complications in the patients receiving gracilis flaps. The results of a
      questionnaire indicated that the perineal cosmetic results are highly acceptable,
      although residual scarring on the legs is a common source of minor complaint.
      Sexual adjustment can be complete or nearly complete in surviving patients. Given
      the major contribution to wound healing, reduced postoperative morbidity,
      excellent cosmetic results, and the opportunity for complete sexual
      rehabilitation, we believe the gracilis myocutaneous flap neovagina remains the
      procedure of choice for most women undergoing major exenterative procedures.

PMID- 3381857
TI  - The clinical implications of retroperitoneal endometriosis.
AB  - Over the past 10 years five patients with endometriosis involving only
      retroperitoneal structures in the pelvis without intraperitoneal involvement have
      been managed at the University of California-Los Angeles Hospital. These patients
      have presented difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Moreover, this
      interesting but uncommon distribution of the disease has led to speculation
      concerning its pathogenesis. The substantial threat to the urinary tract and
      rectosigmoid colon is noted. Although a concurrent study at this hospital
      indicates a low incidence of endometriosis involving pelvic lymph nodes, it is
      quite apparent from the distribution of these instances of retroperitoneal
      involvement that its spread from the endometrium very likely takes place through
      pelvic lymphatics.

PMID- 3381858
TI  - Initial management of hydatidiform mole.
AB  - From July 1, 1969 to June 30, 1985, 381 patients received primary management for
      hydatidiform mole at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical
      Center Women's Hospital. Three hundred fifty-eight of these women had complete
      records available for analysis. Of these, 277 women (77.4%) underwent suction
      curettage to remove the hydatidiform mole. Sharp curettage (41 patients, 11.5%),
      Pitocin (15, 4.2%), hysterectomy (12, 3.4%), prostaglandins (10, 2.8%), and
      hysterotomy (1, 0.3%) were used less frequently. Two patients (0.6%) had no
      therapy after spontaneous expulsion of a mole. Complications including infection,
      toxemia of pregnancy, anemia or hemorrhage, and postevacuation respiratory
      insufficiency were recorded in 242 patients (67.6%). This experience documents
      that hydatidiform mole is a high-risk pregnancy that requires prompt and
      intensive management. Suction curettage of the uterus is clearly the best means
      of management in most cases.

PMID- 3381859
TI  - Management of twin pregnancy: the vaginal route is still safe.
AB  - To investigate the effect of method of delivery on the outcome of twin
      pregnancies, we reviewed all deliveries at our institution over the 10 years from
      1976 to 1985. Two hundred six pairs were delivered, with a mean gestational age
      of 34 weeks (range 20 to 43 weeks) and a mean weight of 2116 gm (range 220 to
      3800 gm). The mean gestational age at diagnosis of the twin pregnancy was 23
      weeks. Nineteen (4.6%) infants were stillborn, and 36 (8.7%) died in the neonatal
      period. Cesarean section was used to deliver both twins in 66 cases. The method
      of delivery for the remaining 142 cases was vaginal-vertex, 85 (61%), vaginal
      breech, 40 (29%), cesarean section, 13 (9%), and version and extraction, 2 (1%).
      The four most common indications for cesarean section for both twins were
      previous cesarean section, breech presentation, abnormal labor, and fetal
      distress. The indications for the 13 cesarean sections after vaginal delivery of
      twin A were fetal distress, cord prolapse, high presenting part, and footling
      breech. The impact of the method of delivery was investigated by comparing
      outcome variables between twin pairs. No significant differences were noted for
      perinatal mortality, need for resuscitation, duration of newborn hospital stay,
      and trauma. There were significant differences in the 1- and 5-minute Apgar
      scores in the vaginal delivery group. These differences were clinically minor,
      tending toward mild acidemia, and were unaffected by route or method of delivery.

PMID- 3381860
TI  - Hysteroscopic findings after unsuccessful dilatation and curettage for abnormal
      uterine bleeding.
AB  - In recent years numerous articles have reported on the inaccuracies of the
      dilatation and curettage procedure, citing a false-negative rate of up to 10% to
      15%. Indeed, several articles have reported that, in this era of simplified
      endoscopy, the blind dilatation and curettage should no longer play a significant
      role in gynecologic diagnosis, but should be replaced by hysteroscopic evaluation
      and directed biopsy. We report the hysteroscopic findings in 29 patients for whom
      a blind curettage was performed within the previous year for the purpose of
      diagnosing the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and attempting its cure. The
      remarkably high incidence of apparently missed pathologic factors (mainly
      submucous myomata) adds to the data confirming the lack of precision of
      dilatation and curettage, and supports the contention that diagnostic
      hysteroscopy is an essential tool in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding
      and the prevention of unnecessary hysterectomies.

PMID- 3381861
TI  - Transactions of the fifty-fifth annual meeting of the Central Association of
      Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Tarpon Springs, Florida, October 15-17, 1987.

PMID- 3381862
TI  - Back to the future.

PMID- 3381863
TI  - The changing face of infertility.

PMID- 3381864
TI  - Breast cancer screening in a private women's clinic.
AB  - A review of 6109 mammograms representing 4332 patients seen over 4 years is
      presented. The American Cancer Society guidelines for mammography screening were
      followed. Forty-five percent of all tumors were nonpalpable; in 12% of these the
      lymph nodes were positive for cancer. In the group with palpable breast cancers,
      62% had positive lymph nodes. Screening mammography results in an increased
      number of localization biopsies. Biopsy rates were compared with several series.
      Costs for mammography screening programs were reviewed and related to the cost of
      each breast cancer detected. In our series the cost per cancer detected was
      $13,000. This study provides evidence to justify the American Cancer Society
      guidelines.

PMID- 3381865
TI  - Genital condylomas in pregnancy: use of trichloroacetic acid and laser therapy.
AB  - Genital condylomas in pregnancy pose several management problems for the
      obstetrician, including the mechanical problems of large condylomas and the
      issues relating to transmission of the human papillomavirus to the fetus during
      delivery. Transmission of papillomavirus occurs infrequently, but respiratory
      papillomatosis can result in mortality or lifelong morbidity. We evaluate our
      experience in treating condylomas in 32 pregnant women, using carbon dioxide
      laser therapy and 85% trichloroacetic acid. Condylomas in 31 (97%) of 32 women
      were controlled with this combination therapy. The only maternal complication was
      an episode of acute pyelonephritis secondary to urethral catheterization. One
      patient had premature rupture of the membranes 4 days after laser therapy and
      subsequently was delivered of a healthy neonate at 36 4/7 weeks. Prenatal
      photovaporization of condylomas appears to offer a method of treatment with a low
      complication and recurrence rate and helps avert the dilemma of whether patients
      with extensive genital condylomas should be delivered by cesarean section.

PMID- 3381866
TI  - External cephalic version without tocolysis.
AB  - The increased rate of cesarean section in the United States is in part the result
      of more liberal use of the operation because of breech presentation. In an
      attempt to reduce the incidence of breech presentation in labor in a group of
      private patients, 66 patients underwent 90 attempted external cephalic versions
      in my office without tocolysis. The success rate of external cephalic version at
      or before 34 weeks was 74.3%, and only 45.5% after 34 weeks. The overall success
      rate was 60.6%. Subsequent attempts in five patients who had spontaneous
      reversion to breech were successful. No fetal or maternal mortality or morbidity
      occurred. One patient with Rh negative blood may have become isoimmunized as a
      result of version manipulation. Successful external cephalic version without
      tocolysis was accomplished with gentle, nonpersistent manipulation at or before
      34 weeks.

PMID- 3381867
TI  - Comparison of oral ritodrine and magnesium gluconate for ambulatory tocolysis.
AB  - Magnesium sulfate has been administered intravenously to arrest preterm labor but
      the oral form of this drug cannot be used for continual tocolysis. This trial
      involved the administration of oral magnesium gluconate to determine its
      effectiveness compared with that of ritodrine hydrochloride in 50 patients whose
      labor had been arrested by parenteral therapy. Group A (n = 25) received 1 gm of
      oral magnesium gluconate every 2 to 4 hours for tocolysis and group B (n = 25)
      received 10 mg of ritodrine every 2 to 4 hours. The number of patients who
      progressed to 37 weeks' gestation was similar (group A, 21 versus group B, 19)
      and the time gained in utero was not different (group A, 6.4 weeks versus group
      B, 5.9 weeks). There was a trend toward more side effects with the use of
      ritodrine (40%) compared with magnesium gluconate (16%), but the numbers were too
      small to reveal a significant difference. These data suggest that magnesium
      gluconate used as an oral tocolytic is as effective as a beta-agonist in patients
      whose labor is arrested initially with intravenous therapy.

PMID- 3381870
TI  - Variables in survival of immature infants.

PMID- 3381868
TI  - The young obstetrician-gynecologist--1987.
AB  - By the year 2000 nearly 60% of practicing obstetrician-gynecologists will have
      graduated from medical school after 1975 and been in practice 20 years or less.
      At the midpoint of that era we estimate and examine the numbers of such
      specialists (more than 40,000 by the year 2000), the percentage of women
      obstetrician/gynecologists (26% in the year 2000), their predominant forms of
      practice, practice differences between men and women specialists, the changing
      and aging of the populations of women they will serve, and the participation of
      young physicians in medical organizations. All of these reflect the picture of
      our specialty when a new century begins.

PMID- 3381869
TI  - Intrauterine adhesions: hysteroscopic diagnosis, classification, treatment, and
      reproductive outcome.
AB  - One hundred eighty-seven patients were evaluated and treated by hysteroscopy over
      a 10-year period. To assess therapeutic prognosis, these patients were classified
      according to the extent of uterine cavity occlusion seen on hysterosalpingography
      and the type of intrauterine adhesions observed at hysteroscopy. Forty-three
      patients had mild or filmy intrauterine adhesions, 97 had moderate or
      fibromuscular adhesions, and 47 patients were classified as having severe
      connective tissue adhesions. After hysteroscopic treatment, normal menstruation
      was restored in 88.2% of patients who had menstrual abnormalities including
      amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea. Among the 187 patients, 143 women
      achieved pregnancy; of those, 114 (79.7%) achieved a term pregnancy, 26 (18.2%)
      had a spontaneous abortion, and 3 (2.1%) had ectopic pregnancies. The
      reproductive outcome correlated with the type of adhesions and extent of uterine
      cavity occlusion, ranging from a term pregnancy rate of 81.3% in patients with
      mild disease to 31.9% in patients with severe disease.

PMID- 3381871
TI  - Spontaneous abortion and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 3381872
TI  - Organogenetic congenital anomalies.

PMID- 3381874
TI  - Legal abortion mortality in the United States.

PMID- 3381873
TI  - Evaluation of the atypical Papanicolaou smear.

PMID- 3381875
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in an animal model of acute lung injury. Relationship
      between enhanced membrane permeability and transvascular neutrophil flux.
AB  - Results of studies utilizing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have led workers to
      propose that the neutrophil serves as the pivotal cellular element responsible
      for promoting enhanced alveolar capillary membrane (ACM) permeability in certain
      forms of acute lung injury. The authors performed BAL on anesthetized, intubated,
      instrumented sheep before and after the administration of 15 mg/kg ethchlorvynol,
      a known pulmonary edemagenic agent. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein
      content increased from 0.62 +/- 0.05 to 1.5 +/- 0.15 mg/ml, and the percentage of
      neutrophils recovered from 2% +/- 1% at baseline to 35% +/- 7% (P less than 0.01)
      60 minutes after infusion of ethchlorvynol. After ethchlorvynol infusion into
      neutropenic sheep (less than 500 cells/microliter), BALF protein content
      increased from 0.35 +/- 0.08 to 1.5 +/- 0.69 mg/ml (P less than 0.01) with no
      increase in BALF neutrophil count. In 3 non-neutropenic sheep BAL was performed
      at 15 and 30 minutes after ethchlorvynol infusion. BALF protein content increased
      significantly within 15 minutes, whereas the percentage of neutrophils did not
      change. These findings suggest coexistent ACM injury as reflected by increases in
      BALF protein content and increased number of neutrophils in BALF does not
      necessarily imply a cause-and-effect relationship in certain forms of acute lung
      injury.

PMID- 3381876
TI  - Contribution of hepatic reticuloendothelial system to glomerular IgA deposition
      in rat liver injury.
AB  - Liver damage was induced in rats by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine or D
      galactosamine. In the dimethylnitrosamine model, marked glomerular IgA deposition
      occurred between Days 4 and 28, with its peak at Day 14. Serum IgA levels were
      significantly increased at Days 2 and 4, then gradually decreased, and normalized
      at Day 14. In the D-galactosamine model, however, no such deposition was
      observed, though serum IgA levels similarly increased on Days 2 and 4. IgA
      content in high molecular weight fraction from serum increased at Day 3 in both
      models. This increment remained at Day 7 only in the dimethylnitrosamine model,
      in which carbon clearance from the circulation was significantly decreased at Day
      3. These data suggest that dysfunction of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system
      is a factor contributing to glomerular IgA deposition occurring in liver injury.

PMID- 3381877
TI  - Histogenesis and clonality of pancreatic tumors induced by v-myc and v-raf
      oncogenes in NFS/N mice.
AB  - Newborn NFS/N mice were inoculated with pseudotypes of murine retroviruses
      containing murine v-raf, avian v-myc, or both v-raf and v-myc within a single
      construct. Foci of dysplastic acinar cells, similar to those observed in rats
      given chemical carcinogens, were induced in 77% of mice inoculated with the
      raf/myc construct with a latency as short as 15 days. However, all animals given
      this construct also developed fibrosarcomas, erythroblastosis, and lymphomas and
      died within 70 days of infection, before pancreatic acinar carcinomas developed.
      Dysplastic foci were also observed in mice infected with viruses containing v-raf
      or v-myc alone with latencies of 3-4 weeks, and carcinomas were seen after an
      average latency of 150 days in 31% of mice infected with either of two viruses
      expressing v-myc alone. Two primary carcinomas were transplanted in mice, and in
      vitro cell lines were developed from one of the transplants. DNA prepared from
      seven primary carcinomas, the two transplanted tumors, and the in vitro cell
      lines was hybridized with a v-myc probe. Each tumor had a unique pattern of
      proviral integrations that was retained, with the gain or loss of single sites,
      in the transplants and derivative cell lines. The clonal nature of the advanced
      pancreatic acinar carcinomas is discussed in relation to their histogenesis and
      the transforming potentials of the raf and myc oncogenes.

PMID- 3381878
TI  - The "border zone" in myocardial infarction. An ultrastructural study in the dog
      using an electron-dense blood flow marker.
AB  - There is controversy over the existence of a lateral "border zone" of
      intermediately injured tissue in the developing myocardial infarct (MI). The
      authors attempted an ultrastructural demonstration of this zone in serial
      subepicardial biopsies from developing MIs in dogs subjected to 90 minutes, 6
      hours, or 24 hours of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (4 dogs
      per group). After ligation, 400,000 units of horseradish peroxidase was infused
      through the left atrial appendage as a blood flow marker, to allow distinction of
      perfused and ischemic myocytes under electron microscopy. Evans blue stain was
      infused in the same way for gross guidance in harvesting biopsies across the
      lateral margins of the ischemic region. Interdigitation of perfused and ischemic
      tissue was observed over a lateral margin 6 mm wide, which caused admixture of
      perfused and ischemic myocytes in biopsies from this region. Ultrastructural
      ischemic injury was graded on a five-level qualitative scale (normal, mild,
      moderate, severe, lethal). Perfused myocytes from control and border sites were
      equivalently well preserved (79% normal, 21% mild injury, n = 353). Ischemic
      myocyte injury increased with duration of ischemia. At 90 minutes, 65% of
      ischemic myocytes had mild injury, 35% moderate (n = 138); at 6 hours, 17% of
      ischemic myocytes had moderate injury, 81% severe, 2% lethal (n = 115); at 24 hr,
      100% of ischemic myocytes had lethal injury (n = 148). Severity of ischemic
      myocyte injury did not vary from the lateral border to the center of the ischemic
      region: there was no lateral "border zone." However, if myocytes were not
      separated into perfused and ischemic subpopulations before statistical comparison
      of biopsy site to severity of injury, false evidence of a "border zone" was
      obtained.

PMID- 3381879
TI  - Melanosis coli. A consequence of anthraquinone-induced apoptosis of colonic
      epithelial cells.
AB  - A condition closely resembling human melanosis coli was induced in the guinea pig
      large intestine by daily oral administration of the anthraquinone danthron. Each
      treatment caused a transient, dose-related wave of apoptosis of the colonic
      surface epithelial cells. Most of the resulting apoptotic bodies were
      phagocytosed by intraepithelial macrophages and carried by them through fenestrae
      in the epithelial basement membrane to the lamina propria. Here, the apoptotic
      bodies were transformed into typical lipofuscin pigment in macrophage
      heterolysosomes. Continued danthron administration caused progressive
      accumulation of pigmented macrophages in the bowel wall, whereas ongoing
      migration of pigmented macrophages to regional lymph nodes resulted, after
      danthron was ceased, in sequential loss of the pigmented cells from the
      superficial and deep lamina propria. Examination of colonic biopsies from
      patients with melanosis coli shows increased numbers of apoptotic bodies in the
      surface epithelium and lamina propria, suggesting implication of the same
      cellular processes in the formation of the pigment in man.

PMID- 3381881
TI  - Sex hormones modulate the response of pulmonary perivascular inflammation to
      cyclophosphamide therapy in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice.
AB  - Responses of pulmonary perivascular infiltrates to immunosuppressive therapy with
      cyclophosphamide (CY) were evaluated in the MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL/1) mouse, a
      model for the study of systemic lupus erythematosus. Male and female mice were
      divided into the following groups: controls injected with saline; intact mice
      receiving CY; castrated CY-treated mice; castrated, hormone implanted, CY-treated
      mice. CY treatment began at 30 days of age and animals were killed at 60 days of
      age. Lungs were fixed-inflated to 26 cm H2O pressure with glutaraldehyde
      formaldehyde fixative. The pulmonary perivascular response to immunosuppressive
      therapy was graded depending on the extent of infiltrates surrounding 15
      pulmonary vessels per animal. Intact males treated with CY alone had almost
      complete clearing of perivascular infiltrates, whereas intact females did not
      respond to therapy. Castrated CY-treated males showed a decreased response to CY
      compared to intact CY-treated males. Castrated, estradiol-implanted males had no
      response to CY therapy. Estradiol interfered with the therapeutic response to CY
      in male MRL/1 mice.

PMID- 3381882
TI  - Effects of angiotensin II and vasopressin on intracellular pH of glomerular
      mesangial cells.
AB  - We investigated changes in intracellular pH (pHi) of cultured rat glomerular
      mesangial cells (MCs) exposed to angiotensin II (ANG II) and arginine vasopressin
      (AVP). pHi of quiescent MCs, passage 2-5, and grown on glass cover slips, was
      assessed by spectrofluorometry using the pH-sensitive dye, 2,7-biscarboxyethyl
      5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The steady-state pHi of MCs in a pH 7.4, HCO3
      free N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered
      solution was 7.10 +/- 0.02 (n = 68) and in a pH 7.4, HCO3-containing solution,
      was 7.23 +/- 0.03 (n = 47) (P less than 0.01). The pHi recovery following an NH+4
      induced acid load was inhibited by removal of Na+ from the bath or by addition of
      the amiloride analogue, ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA). These effects were
      observed in MCs bathed in HEPES- or in HCO3-buffered solutions, consistent with
      the action of a Na+-H+ exchanger. When cells were bathed in HEPES, a 10-min
      exposure to ANG II or AVP (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) caused early and transient
      acidification of MCs (maximal pH change was -0.10), followed by gradual
      alkalinization (maximal pHi change +0.15 above the initial value). The increase
      of pHi was dependent on the presence of Na+ in the bath and was inhibited by
      EIPA. In the presence of HCO3, ANG II or AVP induced merely a small gradual
      acidification of MCs (pHi change -0.05). These findings demonstrate that MCs
      utilize a Na+-H+ exchanger for acid extrusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381880
TI  - Neocortical morphometry and cholinergic neurochemistry in Pick's disease.
AB  - With a computerized image-analysis apparatus for neocortical morphometry and
      chemical methods for evaluation of the cholinergic system, five brain specimens
      of Pick's disease (PD) were studied and the results compared to those from
      specimens of age-matched normal subjects and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The PD
      specimens showed major reductions in brain weight, frontal and temporal cortical
      thickness, and large neuron populations, compared with controls. Lesser
      reductions were seen in small neurons and thickness of the inferior parietal
      cortex. The authors found no relationship between age of onset or disease
      duration and either the degree of cortical thinning or neuron loss or the number
      of Pick bodies in the neocortex and hippocampus. PD specimens were more atrophic
      than AD brains, having lower brain weights and more fronto-temporal thinning.
      Large neurons were comparably reduced in the two conditions in the frontal and
      temporal lobes, but small neuron losses were greater in the PD midfrontal area.
      Only the AD cases showed loss of large neurons in the inferior parietal region.
      Levels of choline acetyltransferase were normal in PD and reduced in AD, whereas
      muscarinic receptor binding was decreased in both.

PMID- 3381883
TI  - Cortical interstitium as a site for solute polarization during tubular
      absorption.
AB  - The possibility that significant concentration differences could exist between
      the interstitial fluid and capillary plasma was investigated by modeling the
      renal cortex as the following three compartments: tubular lumen, interstitium,
      and capillary lumen. A simple analysis of this system suggests that for the
      interstitium surrounding a proximal tubule, the concentration in the interstitium
      of a solute like glucose could be well over 1 mM greater than in the peritubular
      capillary if the solute permeability of the peritubular capillary were like that
      measured in other organs (i.e., less than 10 micron/s). The effect of varying
      capillary permeability on the interstitial concentrations of several solutes was
      examined using a modification of a model of the proximal tubule, and results were
      found to be similar to those obtained with the simpler analysis for glucose. This
      model was also used to see if placing an osmotic difference between the tubule
      lumen and capillary could cause significant solute polarization within the
      interstitium, as might occur in an experiment to measure the osmotic water
      permeability (Pf) of the proximal tubule in vivo. The results show that an
      apparent Pf calculated from the difference between the osmolalities of tubular
      perfusate and peritubular plasma is likely to underestimate the true Pf of the
      proximal tubule. Even for a high value of capillary permeability (10 micron/s,
      which allows relatively rapid diffusion between capillary and interstitium), the
      model predicts that the apparent Pf may underestimate the true value by half.
      Thus the analyses presented suggest that if the permeability of renal peritubular
      capillaries is similar to that measured in other organs the composition of the
      interstitium may be significantly different from capillary plasma, a situation
      that would have great impact on our view of the mechanism of volume absorption in
      the proximal tubule in vivo.

PMID- 3381884
TI  - Lysophospholipids are natriuretic and diuretic in rats.
AB  - The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and some of its analogues on renal
      sodium (UNaV) and water excretion (V) were examined in the pentobarbital sodium
      anesthetized rat. LPC caused the increase in UNaV and V with a steep dose
      response. The natriuretic effect began within 20 min after a bolus injection and
      lasted for 7 h. The natriuresis and diuresis were not affected when the
      phospholipid was given as an LPC-albumin complex. Natriuretic activity was
      eliminated by substituting unsaturated bonds in the 1-acyl group and by removing
      the choline group on position 3. Natriuretic activity was not affected by
      substitution of 1-alkyl for 1-acyl groups and was stereospecific. These results
      demonstrate a unique, previously unrecognized effect of lysophospholipids and
      suggest that they may account for some of the previously demonstrated natriuretic
      activity of plasma.

PMID- 3381885
TI  - Parathyroid hormone mediates changes in calcium transport in uremic rat brain
      synaptosomes.
AB  - In previous studies, we showed that Ca2+ transport by both Na+ gradient
      stimulated Ca2+ uptake and ATP-stimulated Ca2+ uptake was increased in
      synaptosomes from uremic rat brain. The possible role of parathyroid hormone
      (PTH) in this observation was investigated by performing Ca2+ transport studies
      in synaptosomes by these two mechanisms. Studies were performed in vesicles from
      rats that were either normal, uremic, uremic parathyroidectomized (PTX-U), or
      uremic parathyroidectomized but treated with PTH. In uremic rats, transport by
      both Na+ gradient-stimulated Ca2+ uptake and ATP-stimulated Ca2+ uptake was
      increased by 30 and 47%, respectively, whereas uptake was returned to base line
      in synaptosomes from PTX-U rats. Additionally, the administration of PTH to PTX-U
      rats resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.001) of 36 and 41%,
      respectively, above the values observed in PTX-U rats. To determine whether the
      increased accumulation of Ca2+ in synaptosomes in uremia was a result of PTH
      alone and/or to the uremic environment, we next performed uptake studies in
      synaptosomes that were isolated from nonuremic rats that were either normal,
      parathyroidectomized (PTX) or PTX but treated with 2.8-100 micrograms PTH. By
      both transport mechanisms, uptake was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased
      from normal by 27% in the PTX group, and either 2.8 or 110 micrograms PTH
      resulted in a significant increase in transport to base line by Na+-gradient
      stimulated Ca2+ uptake. However, Ca2+ accumulation by ATP-stimulated Ca2+ uptake
      was significantly increased to base line only with 100 micrograms PTH.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381886
TI  - Flow dependence of bicarbonate transport in the early (S1) proximal convoluted
      tubule.
AB  - We previously found, using an in vivo microperfusion pump rate of 30 nl/min, that
      proton secretion in the early (S1) proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the Munich
      Wistar rat exhibited saturation kinetics. The maximal transport capacity was very
      high, approximately 500-600 peq.mm-1.min-1. The present studies assessed the
      change in early PCT acidification kinetics in response to an increase in
      microperfusion rate to 45 nl/min. First, bicarbonate permeability in the early
      PCT was measured and was found to be flow dependent. Proton secretion was then
      calculated using perfusate bicarbonate concentrations from 8 to 100 mM.
      Saturation of early proximal acidification (Vmax) still occurred at approximately
      500-600 peq.mm-1.min-1, but the bicarbonate concentration effecting half-maximal
      acidification (apparent Km) decreased (from approximately 11 mM at 30 nl/min
      perfusion rate to less than 6 mM at 45 nl/min). By increasing luminal perfusion
      rate further to 60 nl/min at constant luminal bicarbonate concentration (25 mM),
      we confirmed that luminal flow rate did not affect the maximal level of
      acidification. Similar flow-dependent changes in acidification kinetics in the
      late PCT were also found, as has been previously shown. In conclusion, although
      an increase in luminal flow increased bicarbonate permeability and apparent
      affinity for substrate transport, there was no effect on maximal acidification
      rate in the early PCT.

PMID- 3381887
TI  - Progressive glomerular injury after limited renal infarction in the rat.
AB  - Wistar Munich rats subjected to partial renal ablation were compared with intact
      rats. Group 1 rats were subjected to bilateral segmental infarction of 40% of
      their total renal mass. Group 2 rats underwent uninephrectomy. Group 3 rats
      underwent sham operation. Micropuncture and morphological studies were performed
      in each group at 28 wk after operation. In group 1, glomerular capillary pressure
      was elevated by 7 mmHg and systemic blood pressure was elevated by 31 mmHg
      despite reduction of nephron number by only 40% and reduction of glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) by only 10%. Progressive albuminuria and segmental
      glomerular sclerosis were associated with elevation of glomerular capillary
      pressure in this group. In group 2, single-nephron glomerular filtration rate
      (SNGFR) was higher than in group 1, but systemic and glomerular capillary
      pressure remained normal. Group 2 rats developed markedly less albuminuria and
      glomerular sclerosis than group 1 rats despite more pronounced remnant nephron
      hyperfiltration. These studies support the view that glomerular hypertension is
      the major hemodynamic derangement contributing to remnant glomerular injury and
      show that capillary hypertension can initiate remnant glomerular injury even when
      the majority of the renal mass remains intact.

PMID- 3381888
TI  - Dissociation of acid-base effects on substrate accumulation and on delta pH in
      dog mitochondria.
AB  - The relationship between the pH gradient (delta pH) and substrate accumulation
      was examined in mitochondria from dog renal cortex. Mitochondria were incubated
      in media containing bicarbonate or nonbicarbonate buffers. Mitochondrial delta pH
      was at equilibrium after 2 min incubation but citrate accumulation in the matrix
      space was still increasing. With nonbicarbonate buffer in rotenone-inhibited
      mitochondria, citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate concentrations in the matrix did
      not vary between pH 7.5 and 7.1; delta pH decreased from 0.62 to 0.52 as medium
      pH fell. With decreasing bicarbonate concentration (from 40 to 10 mM) and
      constant CO2 tension, concentrations of citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate,
      glutamate, glutamine, and formate increased; pyruvate accumulation was lower at
      10 than at 25 mM bicarbonate; delta pH remained constant. When respiratory
      changes were produced, concentrations of citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate,
      and glutamate increased as medium pH fell and CO2 tension increased; accumulation
      of pyruvate, glutamine, and formate was unaffected. delta pH fell from 0.48 to
      0.39 as CO2 tension rose from 3 to 12%. In uninhibited mitochondria, 14CO2
      formation from labeled citrate was greater with 10 than with 40 mM bicarbonate;
      this difference as well as the accumulation of citrate in the matrix was blocked
      by inhibition of the tricarboxylate carrier with 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate.
      These results dissociate effects of acid-base change on mitochondrial substrate
      accumulation from changes in delta pH. They suggest a direct, bicarbonate
      dependent influence of pH on multiple mitochondrial substrate carriers. This
      phenomenon may play an important role in metabolic regulation in renal cortex.

PMID- 3381889
TI  - Complexing activity and excretion of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate in rat
      kidney.
AB  - The renal handling of the heavy metal complexing agent, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane
      sulfonate (DMPS), was examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK). Net
      tubular secretion of DMPS was saturable and blocked by p-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
      and probenecid (PRB), indicating involvement of carrier-mediated transport in the
      excretion of DMPS. DMPS was oxidized to a disulfide form (DMPSS) in perfusate and
      reduced to a sulfhydryl form (DMPSH) in kidney. In kidneys isolated from rats
      pretreated with HgCl2, DMPS produced a dose-dependent decrease in retention of
      inorganic mercury, an increase in urinary excretion of mercury, and an increase
      in the amount of mercury transferred from kidney into venous perfusate. At a
      maximally effective dose, 40% of the renal mercury content was excreted in urine
      during 30 min of perfusion. Urinary excretion of mercury induced by DMPS was
      completely blocked by concentrations of PRB that blocked tubular secretion of
      DMPS and decreased uptake of DMPS in kidney. Thus tubular secretion of DMPS and
      reduction of DMPSS to DMPSH are important in the renal handling of DMPS and may
      contribute to the activity of DMPS as a complexing agent for renal mercury.

PMID- 3381890
TI  - Histamine dilates pial arterioles of newborn pigs through prostanoid production.
AB  - To test the hypothesis that histamine would dilate pial arterioles via a
      prostanoid mechanism, histamine was placed on the brain surface of anesthetized
      newborn pigs via a closed cranial window. Pial arteriolar diameters were measured
      after topical application of 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) M
      histamine. In addition, cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected for
      radioimmunoassay of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), thromboxane
      B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin F2
      alpha (PGF2 alpha). The animals were then randomized to receive either
      indomethacin trihydrate (5 mg/kg, iv) or an equal volume of saline (vehicle). The
      protocol then was repeated. Histamine (before indomethacin or vehicle infusion)
      caused concentration-dependent vasodilation. This vasodilation was accompanied by
      a significant increase in cortical CSF 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2. Concentrations
      of TxB2, PGD2, and PGF2 alpha were not altered significantly by histamine
      application. Pretreatment with indomethacin blocked the histamine-induced
      cerebral vasodilation, but vasodilation after vehicle was intact. These data
      imply that histamine dilates the pial arterioles of newborn pigs by stimulating
      the synthesis of vasodilator prostanoids.

PMID- 3381891
TI  - Volume overload hypertrophy in a closed-chest model of mitral regurgitation.
AB  - Chronic volume overload hypertrophy as seen in mitral regurgitation in humans
      eventually may cause left ventricular dysfunction. Longitudinal study of the
      mechanisms leading to such dysfunction is difficult in humans and more easily
      performed in an animal model. In this study, we describe a canine model of volume
      overload hypertrophy produced by mitral regurgitation. An arterially placed
      grasping forceps was used to disrupt mitral chordae or leaflets; thus mitral
      regurgitation was produced without the need for thoracotomy. Eleven of 22 dogs
      had severe mitral regurgitation (regurgitant fraction greater than 0.50) and
      survived for greater than or equal to 3 mo (average 9.2 +/- 6 mo) after the
      production of mitral regurgitation. At 3 mo, end-diastolic volume increased from
      48 +/- 9 to 85 +/- 19 ml, P less than 0.01. Left ventricular mass increased from
      71 +/- 13 to 90 +/- 10 g, P less than 0.01. Left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure increased from 9 +/- 3 to 19 +/- 6 mmHg, P less than 0.01. Cardiac
      output decreased from 2.3 +/- 0.61 to 1.80 +/- 0.64 l/min, P less than 0.05. The
      mass-to-volume ratio decreased from 1.44 +/- 0.17 to 1.09 +/- 0.13, P less than
      0.01. We conclude that this closed-chest model of chronic mitral regurgitation
      produces significant eccentric cardiac hypertrophy. Despite a doubling of end
      diastolic volume, there was a fall in cardiac output and a rise in left
      ventricular end-diastolic pressure, suggesting cardiac decompensation.

PMID- 3381892
TI  - Optimal matching between canine left ventricle and afterload.
AB  - A parabolic relationship exists between ventricular external work and arterial
      load at given preload and contractility. Previous data indicate that the working
      point falls close to the parabola optimum. By combining the left ventricular (LV)
      end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) and an equation describing
      external stroke work, optimum values of stroke volume (SV), the slope (Emax) of
      the ESPVR, and arterial resistance (Rp) corresponding with the optimum (i.e.,
      mSV, mEmax, mRp) were obtained. Experiments in anesthetized dogs were performed
      to test whether mSV, mEmax, and mRp also correspond to observed SV, Emax, and Rp
      at three different levels of volume load (right atrial pressure, RAP) before and
      after acute depression of LV contractility. Comparisons of observed and optimal
      values of SV, Emax, and Rp were made before and after LV depression. Before
      embolization, the ratios were SV/mSV 1.10-1.20 (RAP 5-15 mmHg); Emax/mEmax 1.21
      1.41; and Rp/mRp 0.84-0.69. After LV depression, SV/mSV was 0.80-0.83, Emax/mEmax
      was 0.78-0.71, and Rp/mRp was 1.56-1.46. The ratios were all significantly
      changed (P less than 0.01) by the induced LV depression. The present analysis may
      offer a new tool to detect nonoptimal relations between cardiac and arterial
      functions.

PMID- 3381893
TI  - Wall shear rate in arterioles in vivo: least estimates from platelet velocity
      profiles.
AB  - Velocity profiles, as determined in vivo in rabbit mesenteric arterioles with
      fluorescently labeled platelets as natural flow markers, were used to calculate
      least estimates of the actual wall shear rate in these microvessels (17-32 micron
      diam). The fit of the velocity data points described the profile as close to the
      wall as 0.5 micron. To satisfy the no-slip condition, a thin layer of fluid with
      a steep velocity gradient near the wall was assumed. Least estimates of wall
      shear rate, as calculated from the fitted platelet-velocity profiles and using
      the mean velocity gradient in this layer of fluid, ranged from 472 to 4,712 s-1
      with a median value of 1,700 s-1. Red blood cell center-line velocities varied
      between 1.3 and 14.4 mm/s (median 3.4). The wall shear rates were at least 1.46
      3.94 (median 2.12) times higher than expected on the basis of a parabolic
      velocity distribution but with the same volume flow in the vessel. Considerable
      spatial differences in wall shear rate might exist even within a short segment of
      a vessel.

PMID- 3381894
TI  - Functional consequences of acute anterior vs. posterior wall ischemia in canine
      left ventricles.
AB  - We compared the consequences of acute anterior and posterior wall ischemia on
      regional left ventricular function in seven open-chest dogs. Circumferentially
      oriented sonomicrometers were implanted in the midwall of the anterior and
      posterior left ventricle. The left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex
      (LCX) coronary arteries were each occluded for 3 min, with 45 min of reperfusion
      between the two occlusions. The ischemic areas at risk, as assessed by postmortem
      perfusion techniques, were similar for anterior (34.5 +/- 12.5 g) and posterior
      (32.3 +/- 9.4 g) wall ischemia. Both occlusions produced a similar increase in
      end-diastolic pressure. After LAD occlusion, total segment shortening (end
      diastole to aortic valve closure) in the nonischemic posterior wall increased
      from 8.0 +/- 3.9 to 10.8 +/- 4.4%, solely caused by increased isovolumic
      shortening. In contrast, with LCX occlusion, total segment shortening in the
      nonischemic anterior wall increased significantly more, from 10.5 +/- 3.8 to 14.6
      +/- 4.2% caused by nearly equal increases in isovolumic and ejection phase
      shortening. Thus, with both LAD and LCX occlusions, there was increased
      shortening in nonischemic areas during isovolumic systole, which was "wasted" in
      paradoxically stretching the ischemic zone. However, a compensatory increase in
      nonischemic area ejection phase shortening occurred only with LCX occlusions.
      These findings may explain the greater functional impairment that occurs with LAD
      than LCX occlusions.

PMID- 3381895
TI  - Pulsatile vs. mean component of baroreflex compensation for posthemorrhage
      hypotension.
AB  - We studied the influence of pulsatile pressure and mean arterial pressure signals
      on the restoration of arterial pressure after 10% hemorrhage in seven
      anesthetized dogs. After transection of the aortic nerve, a quick 10% hemorrhage
      was repeated under four different sinus conditions: condition 1, carotid sinus
      pressure depulsated and fixed at a level equal to the prehemorrhage level (no
      feedback); condition 2, pulsatile component of aortic pressure fed back to the
      carotid sinus with a fixed mean pressure (pulsatile feedback); condition 3,
      depulsated mean aortic pressure fed back (mean pressure feedback); condition 4,
      both pulsatile and mean pressure fed back (pulsatile plus mean component
      feedback). The restoration of arterial pressure in condition 2 was not
      significantly different from that in condition 1, but there was greater
      restoration in conditions 3 and 4. At 1.5 min posthemorrhage, the open-loop gains
      calculated from the restoration values were nearly zero for the pulsatile
      feedback only, 2.8 +/- 0.8 for mean arterial pressure feedback, and 1.5 +/- 0.3
      for pulsatile and mean pressure feedback. These results indicate that the
      pulsatile component of the carotid baroreflex contributes minimally to the
      restoration of arterial pressure after 10% hemorrhage in the anesthetized dog.

PMID- 3381896
TI  - Albumin improves stability and longevity of perfluorochemical-perfused hearts.
AB  - We determined the effect of protein and nonprotein oncotic agents on
      physiological function and substructural integrity of perfluorochemical emulsion
      perfused isolated working rabbit hearts. We used four media that contained
      Fluosol-43 (FL) emulsion and either 3.4% hydroxyethylstarch (HES), 2.9% albumin,
      0.8% HES, or neither HES nor albumin (n = 5 hearts/group). All four groups of
      hearts had stable function for the first 5.5 h of perfusion; the FL plus albumin
      hearts continued to exhibit stability in most indexes of function until 9.5 h.
      The FL plus albumin hearts had a longer total period of ejecting function (12.5
      +/- 0.5 h) compared with the other groups (mean longevities = 7.4-8.4 h).
      Functional stability and longevity correlated with maintenance of coronary flow
      and coronary vascular resistance. The rates of excess fluid accumulation and
      creatine kinase leakage were lower in the FL plus albumin hearts than in the
      other groups. We conclude that: 1) albumin maintained function, coronary flow,
      and myocardial cell integrity of FL-perfused hearts better than did HES; 2)
      albumin may exert its effect by preserving capillary permeability, thereby
      reducing the rate of interstitial fluid accumulation and preventing edema-induced
      vascular compression; and 3) HES had no effect on cardiac function or integrity
      and was ineffective in preventing interstitial fluid accumulation when it was
      used in FL-perfused isolated hearts in the absence of protein.

PMID- 3381897
TI  - Identifiability of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships.
AB  - A widely accepted model of the left ventricle (LV) consisting of a time-varying
      elastance and a nonlinear internal resistance was investigated to make inferences
      about the identifiability of its parameters by means of simulated experiments. We
      aimed to retrieve maximum elastance (Emax) and dead volume (Vd) by the usual
      slope method or end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVR) and by model-based
      parameter identification. The ESPVR deviated increasingly from the assigned
      values with increasing internal resistance depending on the type of loading
      intervention. Model-based parameter identification proved to be hampered by
      considerable error propagation if applied to single contractions with noise on
      the data. Better results were obtained by reducing the number of parameters to be
      estimated or by combining contractions with different loading conditions. The LV
      model was also matched with experimental data in three open-chest anesthetized
      dogs when both methods of estimation were used. The trend of ESPVR was in
      accordance with the model predictions, with larger Emax and larger Vd observed
      with arterial rather than with venous loading. Inclusion of an internal
      resistance in the classical elastance model can explain the dependence of the
      ESPVR on the type of loading intervention. However, application of model-based
      parameter identification indicates that the model fails to represent the entire
      systolic pressure-volume time course of the in situ LV.

PMID- 3381898
TI  - Interstitial transudate concentration of adenosine and inosine in rat and guinea
      pig hearts.
AB  - Interstitial transudate (IT) was sampled from the surface of isolated constant
      pressure-perfused guinea pig and rat hearts. With endogenous adenosine (AR)
      formation, IT concentrations (Crr) of AR and inosine (IR) were 4- to 6.5-fold
      higher than those in the venous effluent. The AR-to-IR ratio varied between 0.5
      and 0.1. During normoxic perfusion, CIT-AR reached a basal level of 0.18 microM.
      During maintained hypoxia, CIT-AR was elevated only initially up to 0.63 microM.
      Subsequently, it decreased to basal values, whereas coronary flow remained
      elevated. With repetitive hypoxia, CIT-AR decreased to basal values, with little
      alteration in the coronary flow response. Addition of 1,000 U/l adenosine
      deaminase reduced CIT-AR below 0.2 microM, with no change in coronary flow
      response to hypoxia. High concentrations of coformycin (Streptomyces
      antibioticus), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (greater than 1 microM), were
      necessary to increase the AR-to-IR ratio to unity, indicating an intracellular
      site of action. During administration of 0.1 microM dipyridamole, no close
      correlation between CIT-AR and coronary flow was found. Administration of 1
      microM AR did not induce a detectable change in Crr-AR despite a distinct
      coronary flow response. We conclude that at least in our heart preparation,
      interstitial adenosine seems to play no primary role in coronary flow regulation.

PMID- 3381899
TI  - Distribution of vascular resistance in terminal arteriolar networks of cat
      sartorius muscle.
AB  - Morphometric information on the terminal arteriolar networks (n = 10) in cat
      sartorius muscle [Koller et al., Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 22):
      H154-H164, 1987] is utilized in the calculations of distribution of vascular
      hindrance throughout the networks. These networks have tree-type geometry, i.e.,
      they do not contain closed loops. The results are discussed in terms of simulated
      flow distribution. The flow calculations are based on the exact geometry of the
      arteriolar networks (the control and dilated diameter and the length of each
      vascular segment) and on assumed values of postarteriolar resistances. Three
      cases of postarteriolar resistances are considered: zero, constant, and randomly
      distributed. With zero postarteriolar resistances, the distribution of flow in
      the terminal arteriolar segments would be highly heterogenous. The simulated flow
      in each terminal segment is determined primarily by the number of bifurcations on
      the pathway leading to the terminal segment, with a slight compensation for the
      length of the pathways. The coefficient of variation of flow in the control
      state, CV(Qc), would be close to the value in the dilated state, CV(Qd). When
      each of the terminal segments is connected to a constant postarteriolar
      resistance, the CV's in both states decrease. The coefficient of variation in the
      dilated state becomes significantly smaller than in the control state. When
      postarteriolar resistances are randomly distributed, both CV's increase, and
      their values become closer to each other. These results suggest that
      postarteriolar resistances may play a very important role in distribution of flow
      in the microvascular network. This study formulates a framework for the
      quantification of the effect of arteriolar dilation on flow redistribution in the
      network.

PMID- 3381900
TI  - Studies on sequestration of neuraminidase-treated red blood cells.
AB  - The effects of reduction in the surface charge of red blood cells (RBCs) on
      regional blood flow and RBC distribution were studied in rats anesthetized with
      pentobarbital sodium. RBCs were treated with neuraminidase to reduce their
      electrophoretic mobility by 56%. Normal and neuraminidase-treated RBCs labeled
      with 51Cr or 111In were injected into a femoral vein while an equal volume of
      blood was simultaneously withdrawn from a femoral artery. More than 70% of the
      neuraminidase-treated RBCs injected disappeared from the circulating blood in 30
      min compared with less than 2% of normal RBCs. The relative distributions of
      neuraminidase-treated RBCs to normal RBCs, as determined from radioactivity
      counting, were significantly greater than 1 in the spleen (5.65 +/- 0.97, mean +/
      SD), the liver (2.84 +/- 0.21), the lung (1.48 +/- 0.31), and the kidney (1.49
      +/- 0.27), indicating a preferential trapping of neuraminidase-treated RBCs in
      these regions. This ratio was approximately 1 in all other organs. Regional blood
      flows in tissues were determined with 15-micron microspheres in the control
      period and after the infusion of neuraminidase-treated RBCs (experimental).
      Experimental-to-control blood flow ratios were 0.40 +/- 0.05 in the spleen, 0.66
      +/- 0.06 in the liver, 0.78 +/- 0.03 in the lung, and 0.78 +/- 0.09 in the
      kidneys; this ratio was approximately 1 in all other organs. An experimental-to
      control blood flow ratio less than 1 indicates a reduction in blood flow; this
      occurred in the same organs as those with trapping of neuraminidase-treated
      RBCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381901
TI  - Role of median preoptic area in vasopressin-mediated bradycardia.
AB  - To determine whether neural traffic through the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is
      involved in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-mediated bradycardia and
      sympathoinhibition, we recorded reflex decreases in heart rate (HR) and lumbar
      sympathetic nerve activity, in response to increases in arterial pressure induced
      either by intravenous phenylephrine (PE) or AVP before, during, and after local
      administration of lidocaine (200 nl, 2%) in the MnPO of chloralose-anesthetized
      rabbits. Base-line blood pressure and HR did not change in response to
      administration of lidocaine into the MnPO. Blockade of neural traffic (by
      lidocaine) in the MnPO produced an attenuation of AVP-mediated bradycardia but
      not the baroreflex-mediated bradycardia caused by PE. Lidocaine in the MnPO did
      not alter the sympathoinhibition produced with AVP. These results indicate that
      part of the bradycardia produced by AVP is mediated via forebrain structures such
      as the MnPO and is selective for bradycardia. Additionally, this response was
      mimicked by administration of yohimbine, an alpha 2-antagonist, into the MnPO,
      which suggests that noradrenergic mechanisms are involved in the baroreflex
      mediated facilitation of bradycardia by AVP at the level of the MnPO.

PMID- 3381902
TI  - Intracellular PO2 in long axis of individual fibers in working dog gracilis
      muscle.
AB  - Dog gracilis muscles were frozen in situ during twitch contraction at 25-100% of
      aerobic capacity. O2 saturation of myoglobin (Mb) was determined from
      spectrophotometric measurements along individual fibers. Intracellular PO2 was
      calculated from the oxymyoglobin dissociation curve. At all work rates, long
      lengths of fibers were found in which saturation and PO2 were within the 4% error
      of measurement. During work at approximately 25% of aerobic capacity, Mb
      functioned at high saturation on the shallow slope of its dissociation curve.
      Consequently PO2 was poorly buffered. Although the range of saturation was small,
      PO2 varied up to 15 Torr along a fiber, and gradients up to 0.3 Torr/micron were
      observed. In contrast, at high O2 consumption (VO2), Mb functioned on the steep
      slope of its dissociation curve. Therefore gradients in intracellular PO2 along
      the axis of a myocyte were small (less than 0.05 Torr/micron) despite large
      gradients in Mb saturation (up to 0.5%/micron). Changes in intracellular PO2 over
      hundreds of microns did not reflect the large drop in intracapillary PO2 between
      arterioles and venules. Because intracellular PO2 is low and relatively uniform
      in the long axis of a fiber, the driving force for release of O2 from blood is
      dominated by intravascular PO2 in working red muscle.

PMID- 3381903
TI  - Perfused rat intestine for study of norepinephrine release.
AB  - Previous preparations for studying the neuronal release of norepinephrine (NE)
      employed relatively large vessels, nonsanguinous perfusates, and the preloading
      of [3H]NE. To study the stimulated release of endogenous NE and the responses of
      true resistance vessels, we developed a rat intestine preparation that is pump
      perfused with canine red blood cells suspended in bicarbonate buffer with 6%
      albumin. In a pentobarbital-anesthetized rat, the duodenum, colon, and cecum are
      extirpated to isolate the ileum vascularly. After the superior mesenteric artery
      and vein are cannulated, the perivascular nerves are isolated to stimulate the
      postganglionic sympathetic fibers. To evaluate the preparation, we stimulated the
      sympathetic fibers at 1-10 Hz with supramaximal pulses. Resistance changes were
      assessed by monitoring perfusion pressure, and the concentration of NE was
      assayed in the venous effluent by the single-isotope radioenzymatic method.
      During nerve stimulation, the increases in both resistance and NE release rate
      were frequency dependent. Repetitions of electrical stimulation yielded
      reproducible frequency-response curves. Pretreatment with phentolamine (10
      microM) abolished the resistance response and enhanced stimulated NE release,
      which roughly tripled at 10 Hz. Phentolamine at smaller doses (1 microM)
      eliminated the resistance responses to stimulation but did not enhance NE
      release. Cocaine alone (30 microM) increased base-line resistance and
      unstimulated NE release. After cocaine pretreatment, phentolamine at 1 microM
      enhanced the stimulated NE release rate. We conclude that the isolated rat
      intestine contains postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors that mediate vasconstriction
      and prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors that mediate the inhibition of NE
      release. Thus the rat intestine is a responsive preparation for studying the
      release of endogenous NE and noradrenergic neurotransmission.

PMID- 3381904
TI  - Effects of intermittent hypoxia on structural vascular adaptation in chick
      embryos.
AB  - We explored whether the blood vascular system of the chick embryo adapts its
      structure to meet the maximum or average oxygen needs of the tissue cells. Chick
      embryos were grown in continuous 12% oxygen, continuous 16% oxygen, and
      intermittent 12% oxygen in which the embryos were exposed to 12% oxygen for 4 h
      each day. Control groups were grown in room air. Measurements of structural
      vascular resistance (SVR), i.e., the resistance of the maximally dilated
      vasculature, were used to estimate the whole body vascularity of the 14- or 15
      day-old embryos. Continuous exposure to 12% oxygen decreased SVR by 63.1 +/- 1.2
      (SE) %, and intermittent exposure to 12% oxygen decreased SVR by 55.6 +/- 0.5%
      when compared with a 15-day-old normoxic control group. Based on studies with
      continuous exposure to different levels of low oxygen, it was predicted that
      exposure to 19.5% oxygen, the average concentration for the intermittent hypoxia
      group, would decrease SVR by 15.0 +/- 0.3%. These results indicate that
      intermittent hypoxia at 12% oxygen was approximately 90% as effective as
      continuous hypoxia at the same level in decreasing SVR and about four times more
      effective than 19.5% continuous oxygen. Therefore, the results support the
      hypothesis that the blood vascular system adapts its structure to meet almost
      entirely the maximum oxygen needs of the tissue cells.

PMID- 3381905
TI  - Kinetics of sodium homeostasis in rats: rapid excretion and equilibration rates.
AB  - In normal humans, when sodium intake is abruptly reduced from a high to a very
      low level, renal sodium excretion falls exponentially (half time approximately 24
      h), and several days are required to achieve external sodium balance, where
      intake equals excretion. Because much of our knowledge of intrarenal mechanisms
      comes from the rat, we studied their capacity to handle sodium. In two strains of
      rat, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), whether the sodium load was
      administered intravenously, by gavage, or by spontaneous feeding, the slope
      relating sodium excretion to time was 8-10 times more rapid than in humans,
      reflecting half times of 2-3 h, and external sodium balance was achieved in hours
      rather than days. The combination of normal rat nocturnal feeding patterns and
      the rapidity of the response result in a daily spontaneous transition from an
      expanded state with a high or intermediate level of sodium excretion to a more
      contracted state, with minimal sodium excretion. Studies designed to assess
      sodium homeostasis in rats, and related renal and hormonal changes, must consider
      these rapid transitions, which are related, perhaps, to the rats' persistent and
      remarkably rapid growth.

PMID- 3381906
TI  - Fetal thoracic duct lymph flow response to intravascular saline infusion.
AB  - The left thoracic lymph duct was catheterized at the base of the neck in the
      sheep fetus at 123-136 days of gestation, and the lymphatic catheter was
      connected to a jugular vein catheter so that the lymph could return to the fetus.
      Lymph flow was studied 5 days after catheter implantation in the unanesthetized
      fetus. Basal fetal thoracic duct lymph flow rate per unit body weight averaged
      three times adult sheep values. After an infusion of 20 ml/kg of warmed isotonic
      saline into a fetal vein over 5 min, lymph flow rate increased significantly to
      161 +/- 15% of control, with a peak at 8 min after termination of the infusion,
      and flow declined thereafter. The increased lymph volume above baseline values
      over 30 min averaged 5.7% of the infused volume and is similar to the adult
      response. Plasma and lymph protein concentrations decreased as did the lymph-to
      plasma protein concentration ratio. The latter is opposite to what occurs in the
      adult under the same conditions. Thus the present study shows that even though
      the fetus has a much higher basal thoracic duct lymph flow rate than the adult,
      the responsiveness of the fetal lymphatic system to intravascularly infused
      saline is similar to that of the adult. The decrease in the lymph-to-plasma
      protein concentration ratio suggests that there may be differences between fetal
      and adult vascular-interstitial-lymphatic protein kinetics.

PMID- 3381907
TI  - Neural control of renal function in edema-forming states.
AB  - To define the role of the renal nerves in renal sodium-retaining edema-forming
      states, experiments were conducted in conscious chronically instrumented rats
      with congestive heart failure (myocardial infarction), nephrotic syndrome
      (adriamycin injection), and hepatic cirrhosis (common bile duct ligation). In
      each experimental model, renal excretion, as water or sodium, of an acutely
      administered oral or intravenous isotonic saline load was significantly less than
      that in control rats. Bilateral renal denervation of the experimental rats
      restored their renal excretory response to that of the control rats. In addition,
      in response to the acute administration of a standard intravenous isotonic saline
      load, the decrease in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity was significantly
      less in all three experimental models compared with that of control rats. These
      results suggest that the impaired ability to excrete an acute isotonic saline
      load in these experimental models is partially dependent on an increase in basal
      efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity that fails to suppress normally in
      response to the isotonic saline load.

PMID- 3381908
TI  - Baroreflex unimpaired by operant avoidance or classical aversive conditioning in
      dogs.
AB  - Previous studies showed that baroreflex control of heart rate is impaired during
      operant shock avoidance conditioning and classical aversive conditioning.
      However, the effects of such "emotionally stressful" paradigms on the ability of
      the baroreflex to control arterial pressure have not been directly assessed. We
      prepared the carotid sinus regions of dogs for reversible isolation from the
      systemic circulation, and we derived complete stimulus-response relations for the
      effects of carotid sinus pressure on both heart rate and arterial pressure. For
      any given carotid sinus pressure, arterial pressure and heart rate were higher
      during operant shock-avoidance conditioning and during classical aversive
      conditioning than in a neutral environment, which indicates an upward resetting
      of the baroreflex. However, threshold and saturation carotid sinus pressures were
      unaffected by operant conditioning or classical conditioning, which indicates
      that the baroreceptors themselves were not reset. The ranges over which the
      carotid baroreflex could vary arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly
      increased during both operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Baroreflex
      gain was unchanged during operant conditioning and was significantly increased
      during classical conditioning. We conclude that the baroreflex is not impaired
      during operant shock-avoidance conditioning or classical aversive conditioning in
      dogs. However, the baroreflex is reset and regulates blood pressure at an
      elevated level.

PMID- 3381909
TI  - Is adrenergic innervation essential for maintenance of UCP in hamster BAT
      mitochondria?
AB  - The importance of the neural input for the maintenance of the mitochondrial
      content of the uncoupling protein (UCP) in hamster brown adipose tissue (BAT) was
      evaluated by unilateral surgical denervation and chemical sympathectomy with 6
      hydroxydopamine. These interventions alone or in combination depleted (by 90-95%)
      the tissue catecholamine content to the same extent. Injections of 6
      hydroxydopamine to hamsters caused reductions in BAT protein content but were
      without significant effect on [3H]GDP binding to isolated mitochondria or on the
      mitochondrial content of UCP measured by immunoassay. In contrast, surgical
      denervation, which had much less effect on BAT composition, caused a significant
      loss of UCP from the mitochondria. These results differ from those obtained in
      rats in which both chemical sympathectomy and surgical denervation caused a loss
      of UCP from the mitochondria. Norepinephrine infusion (with minipumps), which
      prevented denervation-induced BAT atrophy and reduction in mitochondrial content
      of UCP in rats, caused pronounced loss of tissue mass and mitochondrial proteins
      in hamsters and did not prevent the loss of UCP observed in mitochondria isolated
      from the denervated pad. Thus an intact innervation that may not be adrenergic is
      required for the expression of UCP in hamster BAT mitochondria.

PMID- 3381910
TI  - Cholecystokinin decreases sucrose intake in chronic decerebrate rats.
AB  - The capacity of chronic decerebrate rats to reduce their intake of an orally
      infused sucrose solution in response to peripherally administered cholecystokinin
      octapeptide (CCK-8) was investigated. The sucrose intake of both 24-h food
      deprived chronic decerebrate rats and pair-fed control rats was reduced by CCK-8
      relative to the intake after desulfated CCK-8. The intake-reducing effect of CCK
      8 in the chronic decerebrate rat provides compelling evidence that the caudal
      brain stem is of sufficient neural complexity to mediate this response. Although
      others have hypothesized that connections between the caudal brain stem and
      forebrain are required to mediate this effect(s) of CCK-8, our results
      demonstrate that these pathways are not necessary.

PMID- 3381911
TI  - Hypotension produced by vagal block in primates.
AB  - In many species, the vagus has been reported to contain afferents that inhibit
      sympathetic tone. Vagal block (VB) increases blood pressure in both the intact
      and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) dog. In the present study, VB was produced in
      intact and SAD monkeys by infiltrating the vagi with a local anesthetic. This was
      done in conjunction with blood volume expansion or head-out water immersion. The
      cardiovascular parameters monitored were heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP),
      and left atrial pressure (LAP). VB decreased BP (-13 +/- 2.8 mmHg) in the control
      group and the SAD animals (-47 +/- 6.7 mmHg) without changing HR. Volume
      expansion decreased BP in the SAD animals (-6 +/- 3.4) but not in the intact
      monkeys (1.8 +/- 2.27), whereas HR did not change. Volume expansion after VB
      increased BP in both the SAD and the intact animals while producing a decrease in
      HR. Volume expansion caused LAP to increase in all groups (SAD 13.9 +/- 6.3;
      control VB 11.6 +/- 1.8, control 9.3 +/- 0.89, SAD VB 7.66 +/- 3.46). Immersion
      in the VB SAD animals increased BP to a greater extent than volume expansion. VB
      in the monkey must be removing input from peripheral receptors, which maintain
      sympathetic tone. Because immersion with VB increases BP more than volume
      expansion with VB, it is concluded that VB causes predominantly venous pooling.
      Because cardiopulmonary receptors generally inhibit sympathetic tone, it is
      concluded that those receptors responsible for the observed hypotension are
      located in the venous system, probably in the chest or the abdominal cavity.

PMID- 3381912
TI  - Membrane lipid composition and overwintering strategy in thermally acclimated
      crayfish.
AB  - The membrane lipid composition of hepatopancreas tissue was analyzed from two
      phylogenetically related species of crayfish after thermal acclimation to either
      5 or 20 degrees C. One species overwinters in a quiescent state (Orconectes
      propinquus) and the other remains active throughout the winter (Cambarus
      bartoni). Both species significantly decreased the level of saturates in the
      major phosphatides, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE;
      difference not significant in C. bartoni), and both winter-active and winter
      quiescent animals tended to be enriched in n-3 acids in PC. Orconectes animals
      tended to be enriched in n - 3 acids in PC. Orconectes accumulated n - 6 acids in
      PE at low temperature, whereas Cambarus lost n - 6 acids in this lipid, a change
      that was offset by the accumulation of monoenes. Cardiolipin became more
      saturated with cold acclimation in both species. The fatty acid content of the
      triacylglycerol fraction showed little change with acclimation history, although
      O. propinquus did accumulate n - 3 acids in triglycerides at low temperature. In
      O. propinquus, head-group composition was not significantly altered by
      temperature, but in C. bartoni, cold temperature increased the relative amounts
      of PE, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylinositol at the expense of PC. Adaptations
      to temperature in membrane composition of poikilotherms are related to the
      overwintering strategy of the animal.

PMID- 3381913
TI  - Metabolic and structural adaptations to exercise in chronic intermittent fasted
      rats.
AB  - The effect of repetitive alternance of 3 days fasting and 3 days refeeding on
      morphological and biochemical ability to perform exercise was investigated in
      adult male rats. At the end of 10 wk of chronic intermittent fasting, the rats
      had consumed 20% less food but were able to maintain their initial body weight.
      Intermittent fasted rats (IF) had significantly lower carcass fat but had
      maintained the percent contribution of proteins to total carcass weight. The
      relative mass of liver, heart, kidney, and muscles was not affected by such
      dietary manipulation. Both glycolytic and oxidative enzyme capacities were
      reduced in IF rat muscles. In response to exercise (2 h of swimming), control
      rats displayed hypoglycemia, whereas IF rats were able to maintain plasma glucose
      level in spite of a reduced energy supply from liver (low glycogen stores) and
      adipose tissue (low plasma free fatty acid levels). This had been obtained by
      accumulating glycogen and triglycerides in muscles and by deriving energy for
      muscular contraction from the in situ breakdown of these energetic substrates. In
      addition, although IF rats displayed a markedly reduced liver protein content,
      the liver exercise-induced protein breakdown was abolished in these animals.

PMID- 3381914
TI  - Hypocalcin from Stannius corpuscles inhibits gill calcium uptake in trout.
AB  - Bidirectional whole body flux and branchial Ca2+ influx were measured in
      freshwater rainbow trout. Intra-arterial injections of homogenates of Stannius
      corpuscles (CS) as well as of a 54-kDa isolated product (hypocalcin) exerted an
      inhibitory effect on whole body Ca2+ influx, but did not effect Ca2+ efflux.
      Hypocalcin was more effective in reducing Ca2+ influx in trout acclimated to low
      calcium freshwater than in fish from normal-calcium water. We conclude that the
      isolated product (hypocalcin) represents the hypocalcemic principle of the CS.
      Similar doses of hypocalcin caused quantitatively similar decreases in Ca2+
      influx in vivo and in the isolated perfused head preparation. This indicates that
      the gills form the principle target for hypocalcin in trout. The branchial
      transepithelial potential did not change during hormone treatments. Possible
      mechanisms of hypocalcin action are suggested.

PMID- 3381915
TI  - Gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney of common murre (Uria aalge).
AB  - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in murre liver occurs in both
      cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms. During a 3-day fast, hepatic PEPCK increases
      from 9.1 U/g with 19% cytosolic to 12.2 U/g with 35% cytosolic. The increase in
      activity is due almost entirely to increased cytosolic activity. PEPCK in murre
      kidney was present only in the mitochondrial compartment. Gluconeogenesis in
      vitro was determined in both hepatocytes and kidney tubules isolated from 3-day
      fasted murres. In hepatocytes, lactate was the best substrate, but both pyruvate
      and alanine were good gluconeogenic substrates. This observation is consistent
      with the existence of a cytosolic form of PEPCK. In the kidney, glycerol was the
      best substrate but was only slightly better than lactate. Alanine and pyruvate
      were not as effective as gluconeogenic precursors, presumably because of the lack
      of cytosolic PEPCK. We propose that the major site of gluconeogenesis from amino
      acids in the murre is the liver, since this is a much larger organ than the
      kidney and has a cytosolic form of PEPCK necessary for gluconeogenesis from
      oxidized substrates.

PMID- 3381916
TI  - Cold-induced thermogenesis in younger and older Fischer 344 rats following
      exercise training.
AB  - The inability of old rats to maintain body temperature during cold exposure has
      been well documented. This study evaluated the effect of exercise on the rates of
      cold-induced O2 consumption and the contribution of nonshivering thermogenesis
      (NST) to these rates. Younger (12 mo) and older (24 mo) male Fischer 344 (F344)
      rats were divided into exercised and sedentary groups. Exercised rats were run on
      a motor-driven treadmill 60 min/day, at 19-24 m/min, 5 days/wk for 6 mo. At the
      conclusion of the 6-mo training period, O2 consumption of all four groups was
      measured at thermoneutrality (26 degrees C) and during 6 h of exposure to 6
      degrees C. Rectal temperatures were recorded before and after cold exposure. NST
      was estimated from the ability of isolated brown fat mitochondria to bind
      guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Core temperature of older sedentary rats fell 5.1
      +/- 0.4 degrees C after cold exposure (36.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 31.2 +/- 0.8 degrees C).
      Exercise training in older animals prevented this fall from occurring (36.4 +/-
      0.2 vs. 35.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C). Core temperatures of cold-exposed younger
      exercised and sedentary rats did not differ from thermoneutral values. Exercise
      did not alter the rates of resting body mass-independent (ml.min-1.kg body mass
      0.67) O2 consumption in younger or older rats. However, body mass-independent and
      lean body mass (LBM)-independent (ml.min-1.g LBM-0.67) cold-induced O2
      consumptions of older exercised rats were significantly elevated relative to
      those of older sedentary animals. This effect of exercise was not seen in younger
      rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381917
TI  - Model for evaluating avian renal hemodynamics and glomerular filtration rate
      autoregulation.
AB  - Multiple vascular connections in normal avian kidneys make it difficult to
      experimentally manipulate renal blood flow patterns and perfusion pressures. In
      this study, hemostatic clips were used to obstruct the ureter of one kidney at
      the level of the ischiadic artery (IA) in anesthetized 3-wk-old chicks (Gallus
      domesticus). Kidney tissue upstream from the ureteral obstruction degenerated,
      leaving an intact caudal renal division with one route of arterial inflow
      branching from the IA. Renal function studies were conducted, using general
      anesthesia, when the birds reached 12-15 wk of age. A snare placed around the IA
      was used to unilaterally decrease renal arterial perfusion pressure (RAPP) for
      the experimental kidney. Under control conditions (snare loose), urine flow rates
      (UFR), glomerular filtration rates (GFR), clearance of p-aminohippuric acid, and
      fractional excretion of Na, K, Ca, and PO4 did not differ significantly, per gram
      of kidney weight, when experimental and intact contralateral kidneys were
      compared. Gradual tightening of the IA snare reduced RAPP stepwise. UFR decreased
      significantly from the initial control value when RAPP reached 40 mmHg, and urine
      flow ceased completely when RAPP reached 30-35 mmHg. In four of five birds, GFR
      did not decrease significantly between 110 and 60 mmHg but did decrease
      significantly below 60 mmHg. Urine osmolality was inversely correlated with UFR.
      Clearance of PAH did not decrease significantly from control values as RAPP
      ranged from 100 to 37 mmHg, possibly caused by increased renal portal blood flow.
      Overall, these results provide the first direct demonstration that in domestic
      fowl GFR is autoregulated at reduced RAPP.

PMID- 3381918
TI  - Optimal contractility and minimal oxygen consumption for constant external work
      of heart.
AB  - We theoretically considered the relation between left ventricular O2 consumption
      (MVO2) and a contractility index (Emax), searching for an optimal Emax that
      minimizes MVO2 for a given external mechanical work. We used one equation
      relating Emax with ventricular pressure and volume and another equation relating
      MVO2 with pressure-volume area (PVA). PVA is theoretically and experimentally a
      good predictor of MVO2 with Emax as a parameter. Then we could theoretically show
      the existence of the optimal Emax. For example, MVO2 was minimized to 8.9 ml
      O2.min-1.100 g-1 at an Emax of 6.3 mmHg.ml-1.100 g when cardiac output was 1.2
      l/min, afterload pressure was 100 mmHg, and heart rate was 150 beats/min. These
      values can be observed experimentally in a 10- to 15-kg dog. Optimal Emax values
      for a wide range of external work fall in the middle of the normal working range
      of Emax. Thus our MVO2-PVA-Emax relationship supports the contemporary concept of
      the optimal contractility that MVO2 for a given cardiac external work is minimum
      at a middle level of ventricular contractility.

PMID- 3381919
TI  - Control of norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of Syrian hamsters.
AB  - Sympathetic nervous system activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of normal and
      myopathic Syrian hamsters was assessed by measuring norepinephrine turnover rate
      (NETR) using [3H]norepinephrine. Acute exposure of normal hamsters to cold (4
      degrees C) for 4 or 24 h increased norepinephrine secretion but not resynthesis.
      By 3 days and at 2 wk in the cold, NETR increased but returned to a normal level
      by 6 wk. Hamsters were initially hypothermic (to 3 days) then normothermic (2 and
      6 wk). Adaptation of normal or myopathic hamsters to high-fat diet or short
      photoperiod (4 h light, 20 h dark) for up to 12 wk did not alter NETR in BAT.
      Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration increased rapidly in the cold to reach
      a maximum level by 24 h at which it remained for 6 wk and was not correlated with
      changes in NETR in BAT. The high-fat diet did not alter T3 level in normal
      hamsters; it increased the low T3 level in myopathic hamsters. Short photoperiod
      induced a transient increase in T3 level in normal hamsters but not in myopathic
      hamsters. We conclude that the hypertrophied state of BAT in Syrian hamsters
      adapted to cold, to high-fat diet, or to short photoperiod is not maintained by
      elevated norepinephrine secretion and that some other factor(s) must be involved.
      A selective increase in concentration of BAT mitochondrial uncoupling protein in
      hamsters may be dependent on raised T3 level in serum and/or production in BAT,
      since both occur in response to cold acclimation but not in response to high-fat
      diet or short photoperiod.

PMID- 3381920
TI  - Electrophysiological study of neural activity in penile nerve of the rat.
AB  - Electrophysiological techniques were used to examine the axonal composition and
      reflex activity of the penile nerve of the rat. Stimulation of either the pelvic
      nerve, hypogastric nerve, or sympathetic chain elicited synaptic and axonal
      volleys in the penile nerve. Synaptic responses were suppressed by nicotinic
      ganglionic blockade, indicating that they were mediated by cholinergic
      transmission in peripheral ganglia. Axonal volleys represented in part afferent
      pathways from receptors in the pelvic muscles, perineum, and anus. Stimulation of
      the penile or pelvic nerves increased intracavernous pressure. Stimulation of the
      dorsal nerve of the penis elicited central reflexes (50- to 150-ms latencies) in
      the penile nerve. Those reflexes were not eliminated by acute or chronic
      spinalization (T8) but were abolished by transection of preganglionic nerves,
      indicating an origin in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Thus the penile nerves are
      composed of a heterogenous population of afferent and efferent axons. Reflex
      activity elicited in these nerves by stimulation of pathways from the penis is
      probably involved in the initiation of penile erection.

PMID- 3381921
TI  - The new preventive detention: psychiatry's problematic responsibility for the
      control of violence.
AB  - The legal doctrine of the duty to protect potential victims of patients' violent
      acts has created problems beyond those usually discussed, which involve breach of
      patients' confidentiality. Fear of liability has led some psychiatrists to
      hospitalize, solely for the purpose of preventing violence, patients who do not
      otherwise require inpatient care. The result has been the creation of a de facto
      system of preventive detention that consumes psychiatric resources intended to
      serve therapeutic ends and compels psychiatrists to share the social control
      responsibilities of the criminal justice system. The author explores the costs
      and benefits of various means of removing the burden of preventive detention from
      psychiatry.

PMID- 3381922
TI  - Possible role of antidepressants in precipitating mania and hypomania in
      recurrent depression.
AB  - This prospective study examined the incidence of mania or hypomania in 230
      patients with recurrent depression treated with imipramine. Overall, only six
      individuals (2.6%) developed hypomania, representing 0.9% of those in the acute
      phase and 2.5% of those in the continuation phase of drug treatment. Patients
      with a history of bipolar II depression (N = 33) did not have a greater incidence
      of hypomania than those with unipolar depression (N = 197). Younger patients did
      not switch to hypomania more rapidly than older ones, and women were not more
      likely to switch than men. Systematic assessment of mania, stringent diagnostic
      criteria, and the recurrent nature of the sample may account for this low
      incidence of hypomania compared to that reported by other investigators.

PMID- 3381923
TI  - The amphetamine challenge test in patients with borderline disorder.
AB  - The authors used amphetamine as a psychopharmacological probe to investigate the
      hypothesis that patients with borderline personality disorder are prone to
      psychosis following ingestion of a dopamine agonist. Sixteen patients with
      borderline personality disorder participated in the study. Significant increases
      in the mean total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores and in activation and
      thought disturbance factors after amphetamine administration were noted in the
      sample. Patients with diagnoses of both schizotypal and borderline personality
      disorders worsened transiently with amphetamine administration, but patients with
      only the borderline diagnosis improved. These results indicate the usefulness of
      pharmacological probes to further understand DSM-III axis II disorders.

PMID- 3381924
TI  - The epidemiology of dysthymia in five communities: rates, risks, comorbidity, and
      treatment.
AB  - Data from a survey of five U.S. communities showed that dysthymia affected
      approximately 3% of the adult population. It was more common in women under age
      65, unmarried persons, and young persons with low income and was associated with
      greater use of general health and psychiatric services and psychotropic drugs.
      Dysthymia had a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, particularly
      major depression; only about 25%-30% of cases occur over a lifetime in the
      absence of other psychiatric disorders. The findings suggest that although the
      onset and highest risk periods of major depression and bipolar disorder are in
      young adulthood, a residual state of dysthymia occurs in middle and old age.

PMID- 3381925
TI  - Ventricular and sulcal size at the onset of psychosis.
AB  - To determine whether abnormalities in brain morphology are present at the onset
      of illness, patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform and bipolar disorders,
      and major depression who were experiencing their first episodes of psychosis were
      compared with normal and medical control subjects. The schizophrenic patients had
      larger third ventricles but not larger lateral ventricles or cortical sulci than
      the normal subjects. The other psychotic patients did not differ from the normal
      group on these measures. A different pattern of results emerged when the medical
      patients were used for comparison, indicating that the choice of control group
      can influence the findings of computerized tomography studies.

PMID- 3381926
TI  - The revision of axis V in DSM-III-R: should symptoms have been included?
AB  - The authors studied the relationship of psychological symptoms to clinicians'
      ratings on DSM-III's axis V. A total of 355 patients received multiaxial
      assessments and were reinterviewed under blind conditions with the Psychiatric
      Epidemiology Research Interview, which contains scales to measure aspects of
      social and occupational functioning and various symptom dimensions. The majority
      of symptom scales were correlated significantly with axis V ratings. Axis I
      diagnosis explained 19.0% of the variance in axis V; demographics, 6.5%; and
      symptoms, 7%. Symptoms had a larger effect, in terms of explained variance, than
      adaptive functioning variables and tended to detract from the latter's
      significance. These results have implications for axis V in DSM-III-R and for
      planning DSM-IV.

PMID- 3381927
TI  - Foundation funding and psychiatric research.
AB  - Support for psychiatric research is limited to a relatively small number of
      funding sources. Foundations--nonprofit entities that support a variety of
      social, medical, educational, and other activities--are a potentially important
      source. The authors describe the role and structure of foundations, discuss
      historical trends in foundation support for research in mental illness, and
      present the results of a study of the extent to which foundations support mental
      health research. The results of this study confirm the paucity of foundation
      support for mental health research but show important differences and
      similarities among the foundations that support research in this field.

PMID- 3381928
TI  - A curriculum for education in geriatric psychiatry.
AB  - The authors present recommendations for educating medical students and
      psychiatric residents in geropsychiatry. They are primarily concerned with the
      objectives and methods rather than the content of training. Proposals are
      structured in terms of training objectives and educational settings in which such
      training takes place. The proposals are intended to be specific enough to be
      truly useful and at the same time sufficiently generalizable to adapt to
      geropsychiatric training in a variety of institutions. Priority is given to
      integrating knowledge of normal and abnormal aging with the clinical skills and
      empathy necessary to approach patients with competence and understanding.

PMID- 3381929
TI  - Graphic representation of the life course of illness in patients with affective
      disorder.
AB  - The authors illustrate methods for the graphic depiction of the course of
      unipolar and bipolar affective illness. The utility and advantages of such an
      approach include 1) accurate assessment of episode patterns, 2) elucidation of
      relationships to environmental events, endocrine and seasonal factors, and
      psychosocial stressors, 3) better delineation of treatment response, 4) a greater
      understanding of the longitudinal and characteristic patterns of illness, and 5)
      the associated better patient management with psychotherapeutic and
      pharmacological interventions.

PMID- 3381930
TI  - Effect of psychosis on suicide risk in 1,593 patients with unipolar and bipolar
      affective disorders.
AB  - The authors report suicide risk among 1,593 patients with major depression or
      bipolar disorder, 443 (27.8%) of whom were psychotic (260 bipolar and 183
      unipolar). The subjects were followed for 0-14 years, and their suicide
      experience was compared with that of the state population. Eight (19.5%) of the
      41 suicide victims were from the psychotic group. The psychotic and nonpsychotic
      subjects in each diagnostic group had similar risks for suicide. A higher risk
      for suicide was not found in the bipolar subjects. The authors conclude that
      among patients with major affective disorder psychosis per se does not predispose
      to suicide.

PMID- 3381931
TI  - Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and the severity of dementia in
      Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - The T2 component of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal was measured in
      11 brain loci in six elderly patients diagnosed as having probable Alzheimer's
      disease. T2 values and relative amount of periventricular high-intensity foci
      were significantly correlated with dementia severity, indicated by the Blessed
      Roth Dementia Scale score. Although the mean T2 value for left hemispheric
      structures was more closely correlated with the dementia score, T2 values did not
      differ significantly in the right and left hemispheres or in gray and white
      matter. These findings suggest that more severe dementia in Alzheimer's disease
      is associated with more water in the brain.

PMID- 3381932
TI  - Reliability of psychiatric scales in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer
      type.
AB  - For 43 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were screened for
      psychiatric disorders, the interrater reliability of the Global Deterioration
      Scale, BPRS, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was high (intraclass
      correlation, 0.82-0.998). As expected, the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in
      this sample was low. The score on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
      correlated with the score on the rater-administered Hamilton depression scale in
      patients whose Alzheimer's disease was of low severity (N = 24) but not high
      severity (N = 19).

PMID- 3381933
TI  - Alpha frequency in schizophrenia: an association with enlarged cerebral
      ventricles.
AB  - Low alpha frequency (less than 10.2 Hz) occurred more frequently in medication
      free schizophrenic patients than in normal control subjects, as determined by
      quantitative EEG analysis. Furthermore, those patients with low alpha frequency
      had significantly larger lateral ventricles, as measured by CT scan, than did
      other schizophrenic patients (mean +/- SD ventricle-brain ratios = 9.8 +/- 1.9
      versus 5.0 +/- 2.4; p less than 0.01). This finding suggests the existence of a
      relationship between cerebral structural pathology and the alpha rhythm that may
      be based on involvement of alpha-generating structures which border the cerebral
      ventricles. Future EEG studies of schizophrenia may resolve these questions in
      the context of other brain findings.

PMID- 3381934
TI  - Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder among second-generation Holocaust
      survivors: preliminary findings.
AB  - The authors assessed the impact of the Nazi Holocaust on the course and symptoms
      of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Israeli combat stress reaction
      casualties. They examined a sample of 96 such casualties of the 1982 Lebanon War
      whose parents had gone through the Nazi Holocaust and compared them to casualties
      who did not have such family history for 3 consecutive years beginning 1 year
      after their participation in the war. Results showed that 2 and 3 years after
      their participation in the 1982 Lebanon War, the children of Holocaust survivors,
      i.e., "second-generation" casualties, had higher rates of PTSD than did the
      control subjects, as well as a somewhat different clinical picture. Clinical and
      methodological implications of the findings are discussed.

PMID- 3381935
TI  - Who seeks mental health care in China? Diagnoses of Chinese outpatients according
      to DSM-III criteria and the Chinese classification system.
AB  - The authors gave DSM-III diagnoses to 116 Chinese psychiatric outpatients in
      Shanghai and compared them with the diagnoses of the same patients made by a
      Chinese psychiatrist according to Chinese criteria. Affective disorders were the
      most common DSM-III diagnoses, accounting for 26.7% of the sample. A full range
      of psychopathology, including schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, adjustment
      disorders, anxiety disorders, and paranoid disorders, was seen. Some consistent
      differences in diagnosis by Chinese and Western standards, especially in the area
      of major depression, were found. The authors discuss the implications for
      interpreting psychiatric studies from China and for future cross-cultural
      research comparing U.S. and Chinese diagnoses.

PMID- 3381936
TI  - ECT-induced postictal delirium and electrode placement.
AB  - The authors report eight instances of ECT-induced postictal (emergence) delirium
      that occurred after bilateral ECT, right unilateral ECT, or left unilateral ECT.
      They conclude that postictal delirium is a random phenomenon unrelated to
      lateralized hemispheric mechanisms.

PMID- 3381937
TI  - Prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms in black and white
      patients in family practice settings.
AB  - The authors administered the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale to 764 black and
      773 white adult outpatients in primary care settings. There was no significant
      difference between the races in prevalence of depressive symptoms or distribution
      of symptom severity levels.

PMID- 3381938
TI  - Use of potassium to treat lithium's side effects.

PMID- 3381940
TI  - Trazodone and anorgasmia.

PMID- 3381939
TI  - The Charles Bonnet syndrome and grief reaction.

PMID- 3381941
TI  - Relationship of plasma imipramine levels to CNS toxicity in children.

PMID- 3381942
TI  - Seasonal depression in postgraduate medical trainees?

PMID- 3381943
TI  - Ascorbic acid and dopamine activity.

PMID- 3381944
TI  - Treatment of homosexual patients.

PMID- 3381945
TI  - Antidepressants and mania.

PMID- 3381946
TI  - Panic and aggression in organic brain syndrome.

PMID- 3381947
TI  - Mental illness and creativity.

PMID- 3381948
TI  - Political violence, health, and health services in South Africa.

PMID- 3381949
TI  - Workers' health and safety (WHS) in cross-national perspective.

PMID- 3381950
TI  - Maternal PKU--a continuing problem.

PMID- 3381951
TI  - Poverty, race, and hospitalization for childhood asthma.
AB  - This study uses Maryland hospital discharge data for the period 1979-82 to
      determine whether Black children are more likely to be hospitalized for asthma
      and whether this difference persists after adjustment for poverty. The average
      annual asthma discharge rate was 1.95/1000 children aged 1-19; 3.75/1000 for
      Black children, and 1.25/1000 for White. Medicaid-enrolled children of both races
      had increased discharge rates for asthma compared to those whose care was paid
      for by other sources: 5.68/1000 vs 2.99/1000 for Blacks, and 3.10/1000 vs
      1.11/1000 for Whites. When ecologic analyses were performed, populations of Black
      and White children had nearly equal asthma discharge rates after adjustment for
      poverty. The statewide adjusted rate was 2.70/1000 (95% CL = 1.93, 3.78) for
      Black children and 2.10/1000 (1.66, 2.66) for White children. Among Maryland
      counties and health planning districts, variation in asthma discharge rates was
      not associated with the supply of hospital beds or the population to primary-care
      physician ratio. We conclude that Black children are at increased risk of
      hospitalization for asthma, but that some or all of this increase is related to
      poverty rather than to race.

PMID- 3381952
TI  - Why does family homelessness occur? A case-control study.
AB  - We compared 49 homeless female-headed families with 81 housed female-headed
      families in Boston. Most housed families were living in public or private
      subsidized housing. In both groups the mothers were poor, currently single, had
      little work experience, and had been on welfare for long periods. Many of their
      children had serious developmental and emotional problems. Homeless mothers had
      more frequently been abused as children and battered as adults and their support
      networks were fragmented; the housed mothers had female relatives and extended
      family living nearby whom they saw often. The frequency of drug, alcohol, and
      serious psychiatric problems was greater among the homeless mothers. The homeless
      mothers may have been more vulnerable to the current housing shortage because
      they lacked support in time of need. This, in turn, may have been due to their
      history of family violence. Psychiatric disabilities may have been another
      contributing factor in the minority of homeless women. The notion that a "culture
      of poverty" accounts for homelessness was not supported by the data since the
      homeless were less likely to have grown up in families on welfare. The data
      suggest that solutions to family homelessness in the current housing market
      require an increase in the supply of decent affordable housing, income
      maintenance, and assistance from social welfare agencies focused on rebuilding
      supportive relationships.

PMID- 3381954
TI  - Fatal pedestrian injuries to young children: a different pattern of injury.
AB  - All pedestrian vehicle collision fatalities to children less than five years of
      age in Washington State were evaluated for a five-year period using State death
      certificates, coroners' reports, and police records. Although the majority of
      pedestrian fatalities to older children have been shown to be due to "dart-outs"
      into traffic with the child being struck by an oncoming car, pedestrian fatality
      incident for children less than five tended to occur when the child was backed
      over in the home driveway by the family van or light truck driven by a parent.
      Prevention of pedestrian injuries in this age group requires strategies aimed at
      safeguarding the driveway and reassessing the safety of light trucks and vans as
      family vehicles.

PMID- 3381953
TI  - The New England Maternal PKU Project: identification of at-risk women.
AB  - Young women with phenylketonuria (PKU) are at risk for bearing children with
      mental retardation, microcephaly, heart defects, and low birthweight. These
      effects may be prevented if a low phenylalanine diet is maintained prior to and
      throughout pregnancy. This report describes the procedures of the New England
      Regional Maternal PKU Project for identifying and locating this population of at
      risk women. Newborn screening records, routine umbilical cord blood screening,
      and PKU Clinic records provided most of the identifying information. We
      identified 235 women with hyperphenylalaninemia, ages 12 to 44 years. Of these,
      183 had PKU or atypical PKU while 52 had non-PKU mild hyperphenylalaninemia. The
      235 women represent 88 per cent of the expected number of women with
      hyperphenylalaninemia in New England. We identified more than the expected number
      of those with PKU but only 57 per cent of the expected number with mild
      hyperphenylalaninemia. Developing a national registry, as well as screening women
      who utilize birth control clinics or prenatal clinics, may be helpful.
      Implementing routine umbilical cord blood screening programs may be beneficial in
      efforts to identify women with hyperphenylalaninemia who have had a child and may
      want more children in the future.

PMID- 3381955
TI  - Optimistic biases in public perceptions of the risk from radon.
AB  - Survey data were obtained from a random sample of 657 homeowners in New Jersey
      and also from 141 homeowners who had already monitored their homes for radon.
      People who had not tested tended to believe that they were less at risk than
      their neighbors, and they interpreted ambiguous predictors of home radon levels
      in ways that supported their beliefs of below-average risk. Residents who had
      already tested their homes were relatively accurate about the probability of
      health effects. In both groups less than half of those who knew that radon can
      cause lung cancer were willing to admit that it would be serious if they suffered
      health effects from this source. The optimistic biases of the public may hamper
      attempts to encourage home radon monitoring and to promote appropriate mitigation
      measures in homes with elevated radon concentrations.

PMID- 3381956
TI  - A cluster of unexplained deaths in a nursing home in Florida.
AB  - In the two-week period November 13-27, 1984, 12 patients died in a 54-bed nursing
      home in Florida; based on previous mortality patterns, 2.5 deaths would have been
      expected for the whole month. There was no similar increase in deaths in November
      1984 and no comparable monthly death rate for any of 69 nursing homes in the same
      county from 1976-84. Comparison of the 12 deaths in November with 28 deaths that
      occurred during the previous 10 months and with 31 surviving patients who were
      continuously present in the nursing home between November 12-28, 1984 revealed
      that the patients who died in November were more likely to have had onset of the
      terminal event during the night shift, had a recent visitor, and had an admitting
      diagnosis of organic brain syndrome. The abrupt increase in the death rate for
      November 1984 was not associated with a measurable change in population
      characteristics, an outbreak of infectious disease, or changes in procedures or
      the environment. Reviews of employee schedules revealed a consistent and strong
      association between the duty times of two nurses and the onsets of the terminal
      episode and the times of patient deaths. Continuing epidemiologic surveillance of
      adverse outcomes in nursing homes is recommended.

PMID- 3381957
TI  - The estimated predictive value of screening for illicit drugs in the workplace.
AB  - This paper estimates the predictive values of screening tests for six illicit
      drugs of common concern in the workplace (amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine,
      hallucinogens, marijuana, and opiates) using published information on test
      sensitivity and specificity and survey data on prevalence. Estimated predictive
      values (negative) were generally high, whereas the estimated predictive value of
      a positive test ranged from 1 per cent for amphetamines to 100 per cent for
      hallucinogens and was only 38 per cent for marijuana, the most prevalent drug.

PMID- 3381958
TI  - A risk profile comparison of runaway and non-runaway youth.
AB  - All initial visits (N = 765) to an outpatient medical clinic during calendar year
      1985 were analyzed. Six hundred and fifty-five of these visits made by non
      runaway youth were compared to 110 visits made by runaways. Based on data from
      the Childrens Hospital Adolescent Risk Profile Interview, runaway street youth
      are at greater risk for a wide variety of medical problems and of health
      compromising behaviors including suicide and depression, prostitution, and drug
      use. The implications for public health and social policy are discussed.

PMID- 3381959
TI  - Characteristics of childhood homicide in Ohio, 1974-84.
AB  - Childhood homicide deaths in Ohio from 1974 to 1984 were examined using Ohio
      Vital Statistics records and US Census Data. Homicide rates varied from
      25/100,000 for Black infant males to 0.8/100,000 for White females ages 5-9.
      Child battering was the leading cause of death for children less than 5 years.
      Firearms accounted for 56 per cent of homicide deaths for children 10-14 years of
      age. The childhood homicide rates in the four largest Ohio cities were
      substantially higher in areas with low socioeconomic indicators.

PMID- 3381960
TI  - The choice of weapons in firearm suicides.
AB  - We report on the firearms used in 235 suicides in Sacramento County, California,
      during 1983-85. Handguns were used in 69 per cent of firearm suicides--65 per
      cent for males, 88 per cent for females--and in all such deaths among women ages
      35 and older. We tested the hypothesis that the choice of firearms by persons
      committing suicide at home would passively reflect the reported prevalence of
      firearms by type in households in the region. Handguns were used more frequently
      (rate ratio 2.00; 95% CI = 1.68, 2.39), and rifles and shotguns less frequently
      than expected.

PMID- 3381961
TI  - Suicides and pesticides in Sri Lanka.
AB  - Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world (29 per 100,000
      population in 1980). Suicides are especially frequent among young adults, both
      male and female. Compared to the US, the suicide rate for males ages 15 to 24
      years in Sri Lanka is nearly four times greater; the female rate nearly 13 times
      greater. The most common mode of suicide is ingestion of liquid pesticides.

PMID- 3381962
TI  - A survey of measured levels and dietary sources of selected organochlorine
      pesticide residues and metabolites in human sera from a rural population.
AB  - We measured serum levels of 11 pesticide residues and metabolites in 85 rural
      dwelling persons. In general, the serum levels increased with age, with males
      having slightly higher levels than females. Consumption of eggs from home-raised
      hens contributed substantially to increased serum concentrations of trans
      nonachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane; consumption of home-grown root
      vegetables likewise contributed to increased serum concentrations of trans
      nonachlor and oxychlordane. Health risks, if any, that may be attributable to
      these "background" levels of exposure remain to be fully characterized in this,
      and all other, affected populations.

PMID- 3381963
TI  - The preventability of 'premature mortality': an investigation of early diabetes
      deaths.
AB  - Certifying physicians were surveyed regarding the 40 diabetic deaths under 45
      years of age occurring in Washington State between July 1 and December 31, 1984.
      At most, it is estimated that three deaths may have been prevented by more
      accessible, timely or careful medical management immediately prior to death. Over
      50 per cent of decedents were reported to be financially disadvantaged and 81 per
      cent had significant psychological problems. The role of these psychosocial
      factors needs further delineation.

PMID- 3381964
TI  - Compliance with fecal occult blood testing: the role of restrictive diets.
AB  - In this clinical trial, 786 patients screened for colorectal cancer with fecal
      occult blood testing were assigned to either a "diet" or "no diet" group to
      examine the effect of advice to restrict intake of red meat and peroxidase
      containing vegetables on patient compliance and positivity rates. Restrictive
      diets did not significantly decrease compliance. Interviews of patients in the
      "diet" group demonstrated that the majority followed instructions. Positivity
      rates were similar in the two groups, and clinically significant lesions were
      found with comparable frequency.

PMID- 3381966
TI  - Not saints, but healers: the legal duties of health care professionals in the
      AIDS epidemic.

PMID- 3381967
TI  - Benefits of a community needs assessment.

PMID- 3381965
TI  - Properties of saliva cotinine in young adult light smokers.
AB  - The half-life of saliva cotinine and its accuracy at detecting light or
      intermittent smoking were examined. Five subjects provided daily saliva samples
      for 23 days and quit smoking on day 4. An average of 2.8 days was required for
      saliva continue to drop below the cutoff for classification as a smoker. All
      smokers smoked intermittently at various times after day 9. In most cases the
      smoking of one or two cigarettes was detected in the saliva sample on subsequent
      days. Saliva cotinine was sensitive to low rates of smoking and to intermittent
      smoking.

PMID- 3381968
TI  - Hysterectomy in the United States, 1965-84.

PMID- 3381969
TI  - Prejudice toward AIDS patients versus other terminally ill patients.

PMID- 3381970
TI  - Have the number of new HIV infections leveled off in Finland?

PMID- 3381971
TI  - Methodological difficulties in dying.

PMID- 3381972
TI  - Results of screening adopted Korean children for HBsAg.

PMID- 3381973
TI  - Screening suburban/rural children for lead exposure, iron deficiency.

PMID- 3381974
TI  - Anti-cigarette campaign: 25% participation is not a failure.

PMID- 3381975
TI  - In vitro fibroblast seeding of prosthetic anterior cruciate ligaments. A
      preliminary study.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of in vitro seeding of fibroblasts on the connective
      tissue encapsulation of implanted ligament prostheses, canine skin fibroblasts
      were grown in tissue culture and seeded onto knitted Dacron prostheses. When the
      cells on the prostheses reached contact growth inhibition, as determined by
      growth curves, the prostheses were implanted into the dogs' knees as ACL
      replacements. Gross and histologic evaluation at 4 and 8 weeks revealed that the
      seeded prostheses consistently showed more uniform and abundant encapsulation
      with connective tissue than did the control (unseeded) prostheses. The giant cell
      response observed in the tissue surrounding the unseeded prostheses was not noted
      in the seeded prostheses. This may be because seeding a prosthesis with
      fibroblasts prior to implantation "walls off" the prosthesis from the environment
      of the joint, and therefore the prosthesis may not elicit as great a foreign body
      response as does an unseeded prosthesis. The results of this preliminary study
      suggest that the in vitro seeding of a ligament prosthesis with fibroblasts
      accelerates the connective tissue encapsulation of the implanted prosthesis.

PMID- 3381976
TI  - Menstrual irregularity and stress fractures in collegiate female distance
      runners.
AB  - From 240 questionnaires, we investigated the prevalence of stress fractures in
      competitive collegiate female long distance runners and its relationship to
      menstrual history. The runners were divided into three groups according to their
      menstrual history: very irregular 69/240 (0 to 5 menses/year), irregular 51/240
      (6 to 9 menses/year), and regular 120/240 (10 to 13 menses/year). Stress
      fractures occurred in 49% of the very irregular runners, 39% of the irregular
      runners, and 29% of the regular runners. The majority of the stress fractures
      occurred in the tibia. Runners who had never used oral contraceptives were over
      twice as likely to have had a stress fracture when compared with runners who had
      used oral contraceptives for more than 1 year. These data suggest that female
      distance runners who have a history of irregular or absent menses and who have
      never used oral contraceptives may be at an increased risk for developing a
      stress fracture. When amenorrheal runners were separated from the very irregular
      group, an alarming trend was noted in eating behavior disorders. Forty-seven
      percent of the amenorrheal group, 20% of the one to five menses/year group, 10%
      of the irregular group, and 7% of the regular group admitted to an eating
      behavior disorder.

PMID- 3381977
TI  - Functional analysis of untreated and reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament
      injuries.
AB  - Twenty patients with old ruptures of the PCL were analyzed. Ten patients were
      untreated, and ten patients had reconstruction of the PCL with the medial head of
      the gastrocnemius. The patients' gait was analyzed using high speed photography,
      footswitches, electromyography, and force plate. Patients were studied while
      walking, running, and stair-climbing. A Cybex muscle strength evaluation was also
      performed. Clinically, all patients had moderate to severe posterior instability.
      Five of the 20 patients also had posterolateral instability. Cybex testing showed
      quadriceps deficits in both reconstructed and untreated groups when comparing
      involved and uninvolved limbs. The reconstructed group also had deficits on
      hamstring Cybex testing. Footswitch data showed only minimal abnormalities. Gait
      velocity of walking was 91% of normal with a normal cadence. There was no
      significant difference in the single limb support times between the involved and
      uninvolved limbs in walking, fast walking, or running. The photometric data
      showed a tendency for increased knee flexion during the midstance phase of the
      gait cycle in comparing involved and uninvolved limbs. The knee flexion angles
      during midstance were similar in the patients with posterior instability when
      compared to the patients with the additional posterolateral instability. Force
      plate data showed decreased foot-floor reaction in the untreated group during
      terminal stance while walking. Similar findings were found in the reconstructed
      group during running.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381978
TI  - The results of fasciotomy in the management of chronic exertional compartment
      syndrome.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with well-documented clinical history and elevated tissue
      pressures were subjected to surgical fasciotomy of the respective compartment
      (anterior, 13; anterior and posterior, 4; deep posterior, 8). The indications for
      surgery were resting pressures in excess of 15 mmHg and elevated postexercise
      pressure measurements with delayed normalization. Twenty-two patients were
      satisfied with the procedure and were able to return to athletics. There were
      three failures, all of whom had decompression of the deep posterior compartment.
      This study has demonstrated that fasciotomy of the anterior compartment, when
      done with the correct indications, gives excellent relief of chronic anterior leg
      pain. It is recommended that fasciotomy of the deep posterior compartment include
      a formal release of the tibialis posterior at the time of decompression.

PMID- 3381979
TI  - Concentric and eccentric torque comparisons for knee extension and flexion in
      young adult males and females using the Kinetic Communicator.
AB  - The purposes of this investigation were to establish average leg torque values as
      a proportion of body weight for both concentric and eccentric contractions for
      leg extension and leg flexion, to determine leg flexion/extension ratios for both
      concentric and eccentric contractions, and to compare those values in males and
      females from ages 15 to 34 years. The Kinetic Communicator (Kin-Com, Chattecx
      Corp., Chattanooga, TN), a relatively new computerized strength testing device,
      was used so that both concentric and eccentric torques could be measured. Pilot
      study results indicated that Kin-Com results were reliable, r greater than 0.88.
      Average torque, across the full range of motion, and peak torque expressed in
      newton meters were divided by body weight in kilograms to produce torque values
      adjusted by body weight. No differences across age or sex were observed for
      flexion/extension ratios, but the males' weight-adjusted torque values were
      significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the females'. Younger (ages 15 to
      24 years) male and female subjects produced significantly (P less than 0.01)
      greater torque for concentric contractions than older subjects (25 to 34 years).
      In rehabilitation programs using the Kin-Com, the weight-adjusted torque values
      and flexion/extension ratios will be useful in determining patients' strength
      recovery from knee or leg injury and/or surgery.

PMID- 3381980
TI  - An in vitro study of anterior cruciate ligament graft placement and isometry.
AB  - Isometric positioning of the ACL graft or prosthesis is an important
      consideration in successful reconstruction of the ACL-deficient knee. This study
      documented the relationship between graft placement and intraarticular graft
      length changes and graft tension changes during knee passive range of motion.
      Fifteen fresh cadaveric knees were mounted in stabilizing rigs. The ACL was
      identified and cut in each specimen. Intraarticular reconstruction was then
      performed using a 6 mm polypropylene braid (3M LAD, St. Paul, MN). The following
      graft placements were evaluated: 1) over-the-top, 2) modified over-the-top with a
      femoral bone trough, 3) femoral drill hole positions, and 4) tibial drill hole
      positions. The proximal end of the graft was fixed to the lateral aspect of the
      femur with a screw and spiked washer. The distal end of the graft was attached to
      a turnbuckle attached to a load cell on the anterior aspect of the tibia. The
      knee was then extended passively from 90 degrees to 0 degrees. Two experiments
      were performed. In Experiment A, the turnbuckle was adjusted to keep graft
      tension constant and the graft length changes were recorded. In Experiment B, the
      graft fixation sites were not altered and tension changes with range of motion
      were recorded. A change in the graft distance between attachment sites with knee
      range of motion can be monitored either by ligament length or by tension change.
      With the over-the-top technique, in Experiment A, the graft distance between
      attachment sites increased as the knee was extended (means = 4.9 mm); in
      Experiment B, large tension increases were recorded with knee extension.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381981
TI  - Treatment of acute patellar dislocation.
AB  - To determine the effectiveness of nonoperative and operative treatment of initial
      acute patellar dislocation, we reviewed the charts of 399 patients with the
      diagnosis of an acute dislocation, seen during a 30 year period. One hundred
      patients (103 knees) met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The average age
      of the patient at injury was 21.7 years (range, 9 to 72 years). Length of
      followup averaged 8 years (range, 2 to 26 years). Retrospectively, we divided the
      patients into two groups, according to the examination of their unaffected knee.
      Group I (69 knees) showed evidence on examination of congenital abnormality of
      the extensor mechanism in the unaffected knee, indicating a predisposition to
      dislocate with less significant trauma. Group II (34 knees) showed no clinically
      perceptible congenital predisposition to dislocate based on examination of the
      unaffected knee. In the nonoperatively treated knees in Group I, there was a 52%
      (28/54) incidence of good or excellent results. The nonoperatively treated knees
      in Group II had a 75% (15/20) incidence of good or excellent results. Acute
      dislocation occurred more frequently in males than in females. Recurrence was
      rarer in patients whose initial dislocation had occurred when they were over 15
      years old. Contrary to recently published reports, primary acute traumatic
      patellar dislocations can be treated with nonoperative therapy with good or
      excellent results. Initial evaluation should include examination of the
      uninvolved knee which, if found to have signs of congenital abnormality, would
      indicate a worse prognosis.

PMID- 3381982
TI  - The natural history and treatment of delayed union stress fractures of the
      anterior cortex of the tibia.
AB  - This study presents eight patients with stress fracture of the anterolateral
      cortex of the midshaft of the tibia. All of the patients, ranging in age from 14
      to 23 years, were competitive basketball players who experienced pain while
      running or jumping for an average of 4.4 months before the diagnosis was made.
      Eight patients were treated with rest and/or pulsing electromagnetic field
      therapy. Although one of the patients required bone grafting procedure, all eight
      of these patients showed complete healing and were able to return to full
      activity after an average of 8.7 months of treatment. They have remained
      asymptomatic for an average of 14.7 months. The overall time from initial
      symptoms to return to competition averaged 12.5 months in this group of athletes.
      The results presented in this paper suggest that rest and pulsing electromagnetic
      field therapy may result in healing in some patients with delayed union stress
      fractures of the anterolateral cortex of the midshaft of the tibia. Although this
      injury is associated with a prolonged healing period, seven of eight patients
      with adequate followup in our study were able to return to competition without
      complications following treatment. One patient was asymptomatic for 33 months
      before experiencing a reinjury. In conclusion, we feel that diagnosis of stress
      fracture should be primary consideration in basketball players presenting with a
      prolonged history of pain on the anterolateral aspect of the midthird of the
      tibia. Once the diagnosis is made we recommend initial treatment consist of rest
      and external electrical stimulation for a minimum time of 3 to 6 months prior to
      considering surgical intervention.

PMID- 3381983
TI  - Hand injury patterns in softball players using a 16 inch ball.
AB  - Softball is a popular recreational and competitive sport among both men and
      women. The injury rate in softball players is as high as that in baseball and
      basketball players. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 119 hand injuries in
      108 patients treated at the University of Chicago hand clinic. All of the
      injuries were caused by the impact of a 16 inch circumference softball. Of the
      119 injuries, 87 (73%) had bone involvement. Operative treatment was required in
      26 (22%) injuries, 23 involving fractures and 3 involving soft tissue only. There
      was one (3.8%) operative complication. Of all injuries, 101 (86%) involved the
      finger joints, including 46 (39%) injuries to the distal interphalangeal (DIP)
      joint, 48 (40%) to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, and 7 (6%) to the
      metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The most common DIP joint injury was a mallet
      injury. This fracture, the most common single type of injury in our series,
      accounted for 27% of all injuries. Of all mallet injuries, 86% were fractures.
      The most common PIP joint injury was a volar plate fracture, the second most
      common injury in our series. Variables such as the patient's sex, dominance or
      nondominance of hands, and early or late season play were not associated with a
      higher risk of injury. Certain parts of the hand, such as the more ulnar digits
      and the DIP and PIP joints, were at particularly high risk of injury.

PMID- 3381984
TI  - Accident prevention in competitive cycling.
AB  - A prospective study of risk factors and injury patterns of competitive cyclists
      in 10 races at altitudes over 1,500 meters was carried out over 4 years. In 1986,
      1,500 licensed racers were compared to a similar group of over 3,900 racers in
      the 3 previous years to determine if the incidence and severity of injury could
      be lessened. Factors addressed were the use of helmets, binding-type pedals,
      equipment inspection, improved medical coverage, and the prevention of acute
      mountain sickness and exposure. The injury rate and injuries per 100 hours of
      racing competition were half of that seen in prior years. Severity of injury was
      lessened as over 80% of the injured racers returned to competition within 1 week
      in contrast to only 66% during the period from 1983 to 1985. A successful program
      for injury prevention and the lessening of the severity of injury at altitudes is
      proposed.

PMID- 3381985
TI  - The effect of differential training on isokinetic muscular endurance during acute
      thermally induced hypohydration.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to test the effect of acute thermal hypohydration
      on the muscle endurance performance of three groups of differentially trained
      subjects. Group I consisted of six anaerobically trained athletes, Group II
      consisted of five aerobically trained athletes, and Group III consisted of six
      sedentary individuals. Experimental trials involved maximal leg extensions
      performed on a Cybex II dynamometer under conditions of euhydration and
      hypohydration of minus 3% body weight. Integrated electromyographic data were
      also collected during each trial to factor out motivation as a variable. The
      maximum number of leg extension repetitions performed at or above 50% of each
      subject's peak torque output were compared between treatments and among the three
      groups. A 2 x 3 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant
      decrease in muscle endurance when comparing euhydration to hypohydration among
      the anaerobically trained subjects as well as among the sedentary subjects (P
      less than 0.05). The aerobically trained subjects showed no significant decline
      in muscle endurance when comparing performance under both experimental
      conditions. It was hypothesized that the training adaptations that occur with
      aerobic conditioning and are primarily associated with increased plasma volume
      may be the key to explaining these results.

PMID- 3381986
TI  - Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder rotational strength in high school baseball
      pitchers.
AB  - Isokinetic, shoulder rotational strength was evaluated in 26 high school baseball
      pitchers before the start of spring practice. Using the Cybex II (Cybex, Division
      of Lumex, Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY), test data were gathered on the dominant and
      nondominant shoulders in the supine 90 degrees abducted test position (90 degrees
      AbTP) and the standing neutral test position (neutral TP). Tests were performed
      at 90 and 240 deg/sec. The HUMAC (Computer Sports Medicine, Inc., Flemington, NJ)
      computer system was used to analyze data. Means and standard deviations for peak
      torque, total work, peak torque to body weight ratios, and agonist/antagonist
      ratios are presented. Comparison of dominant to non-dominant sides and 90 degrees
      AbTP to neutral TP values are reported. Peak torque and total work values for the
      throwing side internal rotators were significantly higher than the nonthrowing
      side in all tests. Pitching side external rotators failed to show this dominance.
      External/internal rotation ratios for peak torque and total work were
      significantly lower on the pitching side, suggesting a relative imbalance of cuff
      musculature compared to the nonpitching shoulder. Significant differences existed
      between data gathered in the two different test positions. In the 90 degrees
      AbTP, external rotation peak torque and total work values and external/internal
      rotation peak torque and total work ratios were higher than the equivalent values
      gathered in the neutral TP. Internal rotation peak torque and total work values
      tended to be higher in the neutral TP than in the 90 degrees AbTP.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381987
TI  - Limited joint mobility in power lifters.
AB  - In this study we compared the flexibility of 10 power lifters with 10 age-matched
      nonpower lifters as controls. To do this, we used goniometric measurements, the
      behind the back reach test, and the sit and reach test. The sit and reach test
      was the only measurement that showed the flexibility of the power lifters to be
      greater than that of the nonpower lifters.

PMID- 3381988
TI  - On the epidemiology of running injuries. The 1984 Bern Grand-Prix study.
AB  - Using a survey questionnaire design, we investigated the incidence, site, and
      nature of jogging injuries among all participants of a popular 16 km race. The
      response rate was 83.6%. Of 4,358 male joggers, 45.8% had sustained jogging
      injuries during the 1 year study period, 14.2% had required medical care, and
      2.3% had missed work because of jogging injuries. Occurrence of jogging injuries
      was independently associated with higher weekly mileage (P less than 0.001),
      history of previous running injuries (P less than 0.001), and competitive
      training motivation (P = 0.03). Higher mileage was also associated with more
      frequent medical consultations due entirely to jogging-related injuries. In 33 to
      44 year olds (N = 1,757), the number of years of running was inversely related to
      incidence of injuries (P = 0.02). Injuries were not significantly related to race
      running speed, training surface, characteristics of running shoes, or relative
      weight. Achillodynia and calf muscle symptoms were the two most common overuse
      injuries and occurred significantly more often among older runners with increased
      weekly mileage. We conclude that jogging injuries are frequent, that the number
      of firmly established etiologic factors is low, and that, in recommending
      jogging, moderation should be the watchword.

PMID- 3381989
TI  - Plasma bupivacaine levels following single dose intraarticular instillation for
      arthroscopy.
AB  - Arthroscopy of the knee was performed using 30 ml single dose intraarticular
      instillations of 0.5% or 0.25% solutions of bupivacaine (Marcaine). A total of 18
      patients (mean age, 34 years), divided into two groups, participated in this
      study. Venous plasma levels were measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and
      240 minute intervals following a single instillation into the knee joint. All
      patients had suspected traumatic internal derangement of the knee.
      Electrocardiogram tracings, blood pressure, and neurologic assessment were
      monitored at each venous sampling interval or more often if clinically indicated.
      The type and amount of supplemental anesthesia were also recorded. None of our 18
      patients required a general anesthetic because of pain although the following
      procedures were performed: meniscectomy, plica release, abrasion chondroplasty,
      loose body retrieval, and limited meniscal repair. A new methodology for the
      measurement of plasma bupivacaine using the gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
      is described. Monitoring specific molecular mass fragments allows the measurement
      of picogram per milliliter levels of bupivacaine. The highest peak plasma
      concentration occurred 20 minutes after instillation of 30 ml of 0.5%
      bupivacaine. The 625 +/- 225 ng/ml level was well below the 2,500 to 4,000 ng/ml
      reported to elicit early subjective CNS symptoms of bupivacaine toxicity. Thus, a
      single dose intraarticular instillation of 30 ml 0.5% or 0.25% bupivacaine is
      convenient, efficacious, and pharmacologically safe for routine clinical
      arthroscopy.

PMID- 3381990
TI  - Synovial reaction associated with disruption of polypropylene braid-augmented
      intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A case report.

PMID- 3381991
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans in the lateral patellofemoral groove.

PMID- 3381992
TI  - [Dose-dependence of the analgesic action of metamizol].
AB  - Whereas dipyrone is used in many countries in clinical practice at doses up to
      2.5 g, the dose-response relationship of the analgesic effect has not been
      investigated in humans. In the present study, doses of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and
      2.5 g dipyrone (Novalgin) were applied orally as film-coated tablets to 18
      volunteers in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design. Pain
      attenuation was quantified following constant and painful electrical stimulation
      of tooth pulp at different time intervals up to 7 h after drug administration.
      Tooth pulp stimulation was performed by bipolar stimulation using individually
      formed impressions of the teeth with controlled current. Verbal pain ratings by
      the volunteers, measurement of the threshold of sensation on the tooth, and
      measurement of somatosensory evoked potential by an averaging technique were used
      as parameters for the quantification of the analgesic effect, intraindividually
      comparing the effects of the different doses. All doses of dipyrone had a
      significantly higher analgesic effect than placebo. Covering the dose range from
      0.5-2.5 g dipyrone, the dose-response relationship was highly significant (Figs.
      1-3). Maximal analgesia was observed 1 h after administration of the tablets,
      independent of the dose. An increase in analgesic effect related to dose was
      observed at this time, the increase being less pronounced with doses exceeding
      1.5 g. Generally, analgesia persisted longer with increasing dose.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381993
TI  - [Suppression of blood pressure increases during intubation: lidocaine or
      fentanyl?].
AB  - The hypertensive response to anesthetic induction with endotracheal intubation
      may be harmful in patients with cardiovascular disease, increased intracranial
      pressure, or anomalies of the cerebral vessels. Recommendations for attenuating
      the reflex hypertension and tachycardia elicited by upper airway irritation are
      therefore manifold. Besides minimizing the cardiovascular response, anesthesia
      induction for patients at risk must also satisfy the following requirements: it
      must be applicable regardless of patient collaboration, prevent impairment of
      cerebral blood flow, and avoid arousal of the patient; it should neither be time
      consuming nor affect the duration or modality of the ensuing anesthesia. Among
      the recommended procedures, intravenous lidocaine or fentanyl appear to best
      fulfill the above mentioned criteria. However, our own equivocal observations and
      controversial results in the literature concerning the efficacy of intravenous
      lidocaine prompted us to reinvestigate the issue in two well-defined patient
      groups. In 46 patients with intracranial vessel malformations and 78 patients
      with brain tumors, blood pressure responses to endotracheal intubation were
      studied under anesthesia induction with 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine or 6 micrograms/kg
      fentanyl i.v. 30 s before thiopental injection or 2-3 min before intubation. The
      two equally simple induction procedures were compared to anesthesia induction
      with thiopental alone. In both patient groups no significant effect of lidocaine
      on the pressure response could be observed. Fentanyl lowered the pressure
      response slightly though significantly in brain-tumor patients only (p less than
      0.05), but showed a significant pressure-lowering action persisting over the
      whole observation period in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381994
TI  - [High-frequency artificial respiration. II. Intratracheal high-frequency pressure
      changes with a rotation-valve catheter].
AB  - From the history of ventilatory support, the early studies of Auer und Meltzer
      only now seem to find a functional explanation. A rotating valve mounted on the
      tip of an endotracheal tube delivers a widespread gas bolus. The turbulent flow
      acts as a stirring device on the intrapulmonary gas volume. The method reduces
      the directional selectivity that typically limits the efficiency of jet
      ventilation. Systematically changing the rotational frequency between 10 and 80
      Hz allows sequential stimulation, compartment by compartment, of the entire lung,
      which also gives rise to frequency-dependent local air-trapping that sequentially
      inflates different compartments. Jet ventilation and high-frequency oscillation
      were compared in dogs with the rotating valve tube by taking blood gas samples
      from 4-6 intrapulmonary veins: jet ventilation is characterized by preponderant
      ventilation of lung compartments opposite the lower aperture of the endotracheal
      tube. High-frequency oscillation induces a frequency dependent repartition of
      alveolar ventilation. The rotating valve tube definitely contributes to the
      homogenisation of alveolar ventilation in a manner that is less dependant upon
      segmental compliance than conventional ventilation.

PMID- 3381995
TI  - [A case of central anticholinergic syndrome in pediatric anesthesia].
AB  - The central cholinergic syndrome developed in a 5 1/2-year-old child after
      premedication with midazolam and a short volatile anesthetic. Diagnosis was made
      more difficult because of a history of nephrotic syndrome, convulsions, relative
      acetylcholinesterase deficiency and chronic medication with a corticosteroid.
      Successful management of such cases depends on a through differential diagnosis
      before the institution of physostigmine therapy. Intensive postoperative
      monitoring is strongly recommended.

PMID- 3381996
TI  - [Catheter malposition following puncture of the left internal jugular vein].
AB  - A central venous catheter was inserted into the left internal jugular vein but
      was abnormally directed into a peripheral pulmonary vein. This could be explained
      by an anomalous pulmonary venous return to the superior vena cava.

PMID- 3381998
TI  - [Remarks on the work of K. Geiger: Anesthesia in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 3381997
TI  - [Unrecognized esophageal intubation. Consideration of prevention in a case].
AB  - A case of unrecognized esophageal intubation is presented to point out that
      auscultation of the chest is not a reliable method for proving the correct
      position of the endotracheal tube in every case. Because of auscultatory findings
      in this case of a 47-year-old women, several warning signs were discarded: (1)
      the surgeons questioned about the possibility of ventilating the stomach during
      preparation for an abdominal hysterectomy; (2) failure of measuring expired CO2
      with an infrared CO2 analyzer, which then was called defective; (3) cyanotic
      blood at skin incision. All signs were denied by the anesthesiologist after
      having repeatedly auscultated the chest and being sure of hearing normal breath
      sounds. Although in his 1st year of anesthesia training, he did not feel it was
      necessary to call the supervising anesthesiologist. At the time of cardiac arrest
      about 15 min after intubation, the incorrect tube position was discovered and
      corrected. Despite successful cardiac resuscitation, the patient did not regain
      consciousness and died 9 months later. The only reliable means of being sure that
      tube position is correct is to repeat direct laryngoscopy and visualize the tube
      inside the glottis or, alternatively, to perform expiratory CO2
      measurement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3381999
TI  - High-performance affinity chromatography of carbohydrate-binding proteins by two
      stage separation on a resin carrying a number of oligosaccharides.
AB  - Oligosaccharides of ovalbumin were released by hydrazinolysis and converted to
      the glycamine derivatives by reductive amination. The resultant derivatives were
      immobilized on an epoxy-activated methacrylate polymer. Application of lectins on
      the column containing the resultant resin, followed by injection of the competing
      sugars and detection of the eluate using natural fluorescence, allowed
      differentiation of micro amounts of the lectins, owing to their high specificity.
      Stepwise elution with various competing sugars also permitted separation of
      lectins. Application of this method to serum samples enabled detection of various
      carbohydrate-binding proteins with specific affinity to the injected sugars. This
      method, based on two-stage separation at the adsorption and elution stages, was
      highly specific. It was also rapid, reproducible, and sensitive.

PMID- 3382000
TI  - On the use of polyethylenimine as a carrier for protein sequencing: comparison
      with polybrene.
AB  - In the gas-liquid phase automated protein sequencer, polyethylenimine was used as
      a hydrophilic entrapping polymer. Glass fiber filters soaked in 0.3% solution of
      polyethylenimine were used. Sperm whale myoglobin, beta-lactoglobulin, and
      several peptides with basic or acidic pI were sequenced. Loads from 20 to 26,000
      pmol were tested. Initial and repetitive yields compare favorably to those
      obtained with polybrene-coated glass fiber filters. Recovery of individual amino
      acids shows that none gave a particularly low yield, in contrast with the low
      recovery of Arg, Trp, His, Glu, and Asp when polybrene was used. The usual
      artefacts were greatly diminished and even disappeared as in the case of N,N'
      diphenylurea. Substitution of polyethylenimine for polybrene sped up the analysis
      because the precycling employed to condition polybrene-coated glass fiber filters
      was no longer necessary. In conclusion polyethylenimine appears superior to
      polybrene for sequencing protein and peptides.

PMID- 3382001
TI  - A nonenzymatic method for the determination of picomole amounts of lactate using
      HPLC: its application to single muscle fibers.
AB  - A method for the determination of lactate is described in which the
      esterification of lactate with the uv-absorbing compound alpha-p
      dibromoacetophenone is followed by separation and quantitation of the ester by
      reversed-phase HPLC with detection at 254 nm. The reproducibility, detection
      limit, and precision of the method are comparable to those of conventional
      methods which use enzymatic cycling for enhanced performance. The applicability
      of this rapid and simple method is illustrated with the determination of picomole
      amounts of lactate in resting and stimulated single muscle fibers.

PMID- 3382002
TI  - Synthesis of [gamma-32P]thiamine triphosphate.
AB  - We developed a novel chemical synthesis of thiamine triphosphate which allows us
      to incorporate 32P in the gamma position. The reaction is based on the
      condensation of [32P]orthophosphoric acid and thiamine diphosphate in the
      presence of ethyl chloroformate. After purification by two ion-exchange
      purification steps, the thiamine derivative has a specific radioactivity of 10
      Ci/mmol. The average final yield synthesis is about 10%.

PMID- 3382003
TI  - Use of Ar+ plasma etching to localize structural proteins in viruses: studies
      with adenovirus 2.
AB  - The experiments described here were undertaken to test the idea that low energy
      Ar+ plasma etching could be employed as the basis of a method to order viral
      structural polypeptides according to their physical proximity to the virus
      surface. Since low energy (500 eV) Ar+ ions do not penetrate deeply into virus
      surfaces, one expects that the outermost proteins will be damaged before internal
      ones when intact virions are irradiated. To test this expectation, we exposed
      adenovirus 2 to a 500-eV Ar+ plasma and then employed sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis to assess the extent of damage to the major
      structural polypeptides. Gel analyses showed that the proteins exposed on the
      virus surface (proteins II, III, and IV) were degraded rapidly during the first
      10 s of irradiation while protein VII, the major core polypeptide, was almost
      completely protected. Proteins located between the capsid and the core, such as
      proteins IIIa and VI, were degraded at intermediate rates. Quantitative
      measurements demonstrated that the observed decay rate differences were not due
      simply to differences in protein target size; distance to the virion surface made
      an important contribution. The plasma etching technique, therefore, appears to
      have considerable potential for the structural analysis of viruses and other
      macromolecular assemblies where the proximity of individual proteins to the
      particle surface is unknown.

PMID- 3382004
TI  - Extraction and measurement of myocardial nucleotides, nucleosides, and purine
      bases by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - Nucleotides, nucleosides, and purine bases were extracted from human
      endomyocardial biopsies, freeze-clamped rat hearts, and porcine coronary sinus
      plasma. Perchloric acid extracts were neutralized with Freon-trioctylamine and
      analyzed at 250 nm by reverse-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid
      chromatography. To achieve the sensitivity necessary for analyzing small (1-3 mg
      wet wt) tissue samples, a small-bore, 2.1-mm-internal-diameter, C18, 5-micron
      reverse-phase column and a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min were used. All of the
      myocardial nucleotides and AMP degradation products were resolved in a total
      separation time of 27 min with 30 mM KH2PO4, 7.5 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate
      buffers, and binary pH and acetonitrile gradients.

PMID- 3382005
TI  - Graphical analysis of binding data reflecting competition between two ligands for
      the same acceptor sites.
AB  - A theoretical expression is derived for the analysis of results from competitive
      binding studies in which two multivalent ligands compete for acceptor sites, and
      a linear transform is suggested for simple graphical representation and
      assessment of experimental results. The protocol is illustrated by application to
      competitive binding data, obtained by ultrafiltration, on the interactions of
      bovine serum albumin with two structurally similar organic anions, methyl orange
      and methyl red. In a second experimental study the present approach is then used
      to establish that lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase compete for the same
      myofibrillar sites of bovine cardiac muscle. Finally, numerically simulated
      behavior of systems with additional binding sites for either ligand is used to
      emphasize that the criterion for classical (complete) competition is agreement
      between an experimentally determined equilibrium constant for ligand binding and
      the apparent value deduced from competitive binding studies. Nevertheless, the
      present analysis of competitive binding data should still offer considerable
      scope for screening quantitatively the cross-reactivities of drug and antigen
      analogs for their respective specific protein-acceptor sites.

PMID- 3382006
TI  - Direct measurement of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase from cells cultured in microtiter
      wells: a screening assay for anticarcinogenic enzyme inducers.
AB  - We describe a rapid and direct assay of NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor) oxidoreductase
      (EC 1.6.99.2) activity in cultured cells suitable for identifying and purifying
      inducers of this detoxication enzyme. Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells are plated
      in 96-well microtiter plates, grown for 24 h, and exposed to inducing agents for
      another 24 h. The cells are then lysed and quinone reductase activity is assayed
      by the addition of a reaction mixture containing an NADPH-generating system,
      menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), and MTT [3-(4,-5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)
      2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]. Quinone reductase catalyzes the reduction of
      menadione to menadiol by NADPH, and MTT is reduced nonenzymatically by menadiol
      resulting in the formation of a blue color which can be quantitated on a
      microtiter plate absorbance reader. The reaction is more than 90% dicoumarol
      inhibitable and menadione dependent. The results are comparable to those obtained
      by harvesting cells from larger plates, preparing cytosols, and carrying out
      spectrophotometric measurements.

PMID- 3382007
TI  - Separation by high-performance liquid chromatography of alpha- and beta-amino
      acids: application to assays of lysine 2,3-aminomutase and leucine 2,3
      aminomutase.
AB  - Several pairs of alpha- and beta-amino acids were well separated as the ortho
      phthalaldehyde derivatives by reversed phase HPLC. These included alpha- and beta
      lysine, leucine, tyrosine, serine, aminoisobutyric acid, and beta-hydroxyvaline
      and its positional isomer. The separation was applicable to assays of lysine 2,3
      aminomutase and leucine 2,3-aminomutase. However, for unknown reasons, no leucine
      2,3-aminomutase activity could be found in rat liver homogenate.

PMID- 3382008
TI  - Enhancement of the detection of alkali-resistant phosphoproteins in
      polyacrylamide gels.
AB  - Following their separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, labeled proteins obtained from cultured canine prostatic
      epithelial cells incubated with [35S]-methionine and [32P]phosphate were
      subjected to alkali treatment, a method that is currently used to detect
      phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Significant amounts of 35S-labeled material
      were lost during the alkali treatment. The crosslinking of proteins within the
      gels by glutaraldehyde treatment eliminated protein losses and did not alter the
      efficiency of phosphoester bond hydrolysis by alkali treatment. Consequently, the
      time required to detect alkali-resistant phosphoproteins by autoradiography was
      greatly reduced. Prostatic phosphoproteins were also shown to contain
      phosphotyrosine, indicating the presence of tyrosine protein kinase activity in
      these proliferating epithelial cells.

PMID- 3382009
TI  - Determination of gallotannin with rhodanine.
AB  - A reliable method for quantitative analysis of gallotannin in plants has been
      devised. Gallotannin is hydrolyzed with acid, and gallic acid in the hydrolysate
      is then assayed using rhodanine. This method is very specific; no interferences
      from other plant phenolics, including ellagic acid and condensed tannin, have
      been observed. The rhodanine assay has a sensitivity of 0.01 mg of gallic acid
      and a precision of 2.2% (relative standard deviation).

PMID- 3382010
TI  - Seeing gel wells well.
AB  - Indicator dyes have been incorporated in the stacking gel monomer used in
      acrylamide gels to render readily visible and delineate the sample wells. Some
      dyes, such as bromphenol blue, migrate during the electrophoresis, whereas
      others, such as the ortho-unsubstituted phenol red, become chemically bound to
      the polymerized gel. The method can be used for agarose gels.

PMID- 3382011
TI  - Protein analysis on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels in the femtogram range:
      use of a new sulfur-labeling reagent.
AB  - An ultrasensitive staining procedure for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of
      protein homogenates has been developed. It combines the use of ultrathin gels and
      the labeling of proteins by a 35S-labeling reagent.

PMID- 3382012
TI  - Measurement of ionized calcium in normal human blood platelets.
AB  - To measure the concentrations of cytosolic ionized calcium in platelets we used a
      calcium-sensitive fluorophor (Fura-2) with two different spectrofluorometers
      (Perkin-Elmer LS-5 and Fluorolog 222). Values obtained by these two instruments
      for the basal cytosolic ionized calcium concentration of resting platelets and
      those of agonist-activated platelets did not differ significantly. Both
      instruments were capable of monitoring the shifts in wavelengths induced by the
      dye-calcium complex, the ratio between absorbances at the two wavelengths
      (340/380 nm), and calcium concentrations continuously during agonist-induced
      platelet activation. We conclude that a relatively inexpensive instrument may be
      adequate for measuring ionized calcium in cells by this method, although
      sophisticated kinetic studies may require analytical or research-grade
      instruments.

PMID- 3382013
TI  - Selective quantification of arachidonic acid hydroperoxides and their hydroxy
      derivatives in reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - For the quantification of lipid hydroperoxides by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC), it has been necessary to improve the detection system
      specific to the hydroperoxy group. We first developed a technique which combined
      detection by uv absorption due to conjugated diene and detection based on
      electrochemical (EC) reduction in reverse-phase HPLC for the selective
      determination of arachidonic acid hydroperoxides (hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic
      acid, HPETE) and its reduced derivative, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). 15
      HPETE was quantified selectively by EC detection, although both 15-HPETE and 15
      HETE were detected by uv absorption and were hardly resolved in the chromatogram.
      Isomers in HPETE obtained from autoxidized arachidonic acid were partially
      separated in the chromatogram and seem to have been quantified similarly to 15
      HPETE. The application of this analytical system to the analysis of 15-HPETE
      added in human plasma has demonstrated that the recovery of HPETE extracted from
      human plasma is much lower than that from normal saline and that HPETE is reduced
      to HETE by incubation at 37 degrees C. The fact that a high concentration of
      glutathione accelerated this reduction may indicate that human plasma possesses a
      glutathione-dependent HPETE-reducing ability as a defense system against excess
      accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides. Blood plasma effectively suppressed the
      decomposition of HPETE induced by ferrous ion indicating the presence of factors
      which prevent the action of ferrous ion on HPETE.

PMID- 3382014
TI  - Scintillation counting of 14C-labeled soluble and insoluble compounds in plant
      tissue.
AB  - A method is described for the liquid scintillation counting of 14C in plant
      tissues. Samples are fixed, in the scintillation vial, in a solution of ethanol
      and acetic acid (3:1) and decolorized with commercial bleach before the addition
      of scintillation liquid. The method was compared to other techniques of tissue
      oxidation or digestion and found to be equally effective at least with thin
      tissue samples. The technique is simple, rapid, and inexpensive and does not
      result in loss of 14C.

PMID- 3382015
TI  - Purification method of bovine rhodopsin kinase using regeneration of rhodopsin.
AB  - We report a rapid and high-yield purification method of bovine retinal rhodopsin
      kinase. According to our method, 500 micrograms of rhodopsin kinase was purified
      from 100 bovine retinae within 12 h. Rhodopsin kinase bound to bleached rhodopsin
      was extracted effectively from rod outer segment membranes after regeneration of
      rhodopsin by the incubation with exogenous 11-cis-retinal. Subsequent DE52 column
      chromatography further purified the protein to homogeneity on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified rhodopsin kinase had an
      apparent molecular weight of 68,000 and phosphorylated rhodopsin at the rate of
      10 nmol phosphate/min/mg of the enzyme.

PMID- 3382016
TI  - Separation and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers of
      molecular weight 302 in complex mixtures.

PMID- 3382017
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method for
      endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid validated by mass spectrometric and gas
      chromatographic techniques.

PMID- 3382018
TI  - Phase fluorometric method for determination of standard lifetimes.

PMID- 3382019
TI  - Total reflection energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using
      monochromatic synchrotron radiation: application to selenium in blood serum.

PMID- 3382020
TI  - Determination of trace metals in marine biological reference materials by
      inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

PMID- 3382021
TI  - Determination of tributyltin in tissues and sediments by graphite furnace atomic
      absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 3382023
TI  - Stereological assessment of age-related changes in lipid droplet surface area and
      vascular volume in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue.
AB  - The surface area of stored triglyceride and the volume of capillaries in the
      interscapular brown fat pad of the rat have been adopted as morphological indices
      of the overall thermogenic capability of the tissue. The present study examines
      the relationship between the chronological profiles of these parameters and
      reported senile changes in the biochemical and physiological characteristics of
      brown adipose tissue. Lipid droplet surface density and vascular volume density
      were estimated by computer-assisted planimetry with electron micrographs prepared
      from interscapular brown adipose tissue samples obtained from rats of various
      ages. The volumes of the fat pad at these ages were also determined and used to
      calculate droplet surface areas and vascular volumes. Triglyceride surface area
      showed a 20-fold enhancement in the early postnatal period (0.44 X 10(2) cm2 at
      birth; 9.43 X 10(2) cm2 at 4 weeks). A further but less remarkable increase
      occurred in adulthood (11.67 X 10(2) cm2 at 6 months) and, in old age, only a
      slight fall was noted (9.66 X 10(2) cm2 at 2 years). Intralobular capillary
      volume also rose sharply early during the first week after birth, reaching a peak
      at 4 weeks (2.40 X 10(-2) cm3). The values recorded in adulthood and old age
      (1.90 X 10(-2) cm3 at 6 months; 1.76 X 10(-2) cm3 at 2 years) were not
      significantly different from that obtained at 4 weeks of age. These results show
      that the attainment of maximum values of lipid droplet surface area and vascular
      volume in rat interscapular brown adipose tissue coincides with the period of the
      tissue's peak metabolic capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382022
TI  - Electrochemistry/thermospray/tandem mass spectrometry in the study of
      biooxidation of purines.

PMID- 3382024
TI  - Regional differentiation in the stomach of the green anole.
AB  - The stomach of Anolis carolinensis (Reptilia: Iguanidae) has four histologically
      and histochemically distinct regions. The gastroesophageal junction has an acidic
      surface mucin and no glands. The cardia has an acidic surface mucin and mucous
      glands. This acidic mucin appears to contain neither sulfates nor sialic acid.
      The fundus has a neutral surface mucin and mucoserous glands. The pylorus has a
      neutral surface mucin and mucous glands.

PMID- 3382025
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of trout arterial fibrils as elastic components.
AB  - The trout arterial wall contains numerous extracellular fibrils that are presumed
      to be elastic. However, the cytochemical properties of the arterial fibrils have
      not been studied. Thus, we have ultrastructurally and cytochemically examined
      these fibrils, utilizing routine uranyl acetate and lead (UA-Pb) double staining,
      the tannic acid (pH 7.0)-uranyl acetate (TA-UA) method as an electron-dense
      staining for elastin, and Thiery's periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver
      proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) method to localize vicinal glycol-containing complex
      carbohydrates. The arterial fibrils, about 23 nm in thickness, were interwoven at
      random but frequently showed the circular alignment to the long axis of the
      aorta. Occasionally they appeared to coalesce side by side, and the coalesced
      portion tended to lose its affinity for UA-Pb stains. The TA-UA method stained
      the fibrils moderately to intensely and stained the coalesced parts of the
      fibrils more intensely. All of those TA-UA positive fibrils were completely
      removed after elastase en bloc digestion. The PA-TCH-SP method did not stain the
      arterial fibrils but stained another kind of much thinner interfibrillar
      filamentous structure. These results suggest that the fibrils in the wall of
      trout ventral aorta are elastin in nature and do not contain vicinal glycols,
      although the fibrils usually exist in a fibrillar form, which is unlike mammalian
      amorphous elastin.

PMID- 3382026
TI  - Response of the intermaxillary suture cartilage to alterations in masticatory
      function.
AB  - Like the condylar cartilage of the mandible, the cartilage at the intermaxillary
      suture in the rat is secondary in origin and persists well into adulthood. While
      the condylar cartilage is generally considered to be responsive to changes in its
      local biomechanical environment, little is known of the response of the
      intermaxillary suture cartilage to similar stimuli. In order to study the effect
      of changes in occlusal loads on intermaxillary suture cartilage metabolism, male
      weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: soft diet (to
      discourage molar mastication), incisor clipped (to discourage incision), incisor
      clipped/soft diet (both treatments), and control (untreated). At 39 days of age,
      the intermaxillary suture opposite the first molars was removed and compared to
      control tissue by using histological, histochemical, and biochemical analyses.
      Alcian blue-stained coronal sections demonstrated moderate decreases in staining
      intensity and decreased chondrocyte hypertrophy in the soft diet and incisor
      clipped groups. However, sutures in the incisor-clipped/soft diet group showed a
      considerably reduced extent of cartilage and greatly diminished cartilage
      hypertrophy. [35S]-sulfate incorporation (dpm/micrograms DNA) into acid-insoluble
      proteoglycans was significantly reduced (P less than or equal to .01) in all
      three experimental groups compared to controls. [35S] incorporation was further
      reduced in the incisor-clipped/soft diet group relative to both of the other
      experimental groups. Staining for alkaline phosphatase activity showed decreased
      intensity in the experimental groups and was almost absent in the incisor
      clipped/soft diet group. These data demonstrate the plasticity of the
      intermaxillary suture cartilage and provide circumstantial evidence that the
      observed changes in cartilage morphology and metabolism may be attributable to
      alterations in the local biomechanical environment of the suture.

PMID- 3382027
TI  - Ultracytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in early human placenta.
AB  - A cytochemical study was carried out on adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the
      early human placenta. Samples of placental villi were incubated in a medium
      containing adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as specific substrate. No AC
      reaction product was encountered in placenta villi taken at 5 and 7 weeks of
      pregnancy. AC activity appeared at 9 weeks. At 9 and 10 weeks, AC reaction
      product was localized on the basal plasma membranes and on apposed plasma
      membranes of the Langhans cytotrophoblast. At 11 weeks AC activity was also
      clearly visible on Langhans cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast apposed
      plasma membranes. No AC reaction product was ever detected on the
      syncytiotrophoblast microvillar membrane. These results are in agreement with
      biochemical studies that localize AC on the villous trophoblast plasma membranes
      associated with the fetal circulation.

PMID- 3382028
TI  - Androgen receptor-deficient Tfm cells in the mosaic epididymis of sex-reversed
      mice heterozygous for Tfm: an autoradiographic study with [3H]
      dihydrotestosterone and [3H]-estradiol.
AB  - Testicular feminization (Tfm) in the mouse is characterized by androgen
      insensitivity of the target cells. We describe the presence of androgen
      insensitive Tfm cells in the epididymis of mosaic mice produced by converting
      female carriers of the Tfm mutation (XTfm/X+) to males via the sex reversal
      factor (Sxr). The mosaic arises by random X-inactivation. In the epididymal duct,
      flat undifferentiated Tfm cells are interspersed between high columnar wild-type
      cells. By thaw-mount autoradiography we show that after injection of
      [3H]dihydrotestosterone, radioactivity is concentrated in the nuclei of high
      columnar wild-type cells, whereas the nuclei of the low cuboid Tfm cells remain
      free of nuclear radioactivity. After injection of [3H]estradiol, both Tfm and
      wild-type cells show nuclear labeling. Our observations demonstrate that Tfm
      cells in the mosaic epididymis selectively lack nuclear dihydrotestosterone
      binding sites, whereas estradiol-binding sites are intact.

PMID- 3382029
TI  - Variation of mouse intestinal epithelial whole population cell kinetics during
      the estrous cycle.
AB  - There are contradictory reports on the effect of the estrous cycle on cell
      proliferation in the intestinal epithelium. We reexamined estrous-cycle-related
      changes in the epithelium by using flow cytometry and Coulter particle counting.
      We found significant estrous-cycle-related variations in both the distribution of
      epithelial cells through the cell cycle as well as the number of epithelial cells
      per unit area in mouse jejunal and colonic epithelium.

PMID- 3382030
TI  - Morphometry of the human pulmonary acinus.
AB  - The geometry and morphometry of intraacinar airways in human lungs were studied
      on silicone rubber casts from two adult lungs. We defined acini as the complex of
      alveolated airways distal to the terminal bronchioles--that is, beginning with
      the first-order respiratory or transitional bronchiole. The morphological
      properties of pulmonary acini are described. The acinar volume averages 187 mm3
      (SD +/- 79 mm3). Intraacinar airways branch dichotomously over about 9
      generations (range 6-12). The internal airway diameter falls from 500 micron to
      270 micron between acinar generations 0 and 10, whereas the outer diameter
      (including the sleeve of alveoli) remains constant at 700 micron. Towards the
      periphery the size of alveoli increases and clusters of alveoli become more
      numerous. The longitudinal path length of acinar airways (defined as the distance
      along the ducts from the transitional bronchiole to the alveolar sacs) averages
      8.8 mm (+/- 1.4 mm). The morphometric data collected in this study are used to
      construct an idealized model of human acinar airways that can be related to
      existing models of the human bronchial tree.

PMID- 3382031
TI  - Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of prolactin-secreting cells (PRL
      cells) in the anterior pituitary gland of the female musk shrew (Suncus murinus
      L.).
AB  - Prolactin-secreting cells (PRL cells) in the anterior pituitary gland of the
      female musk shrew were identified by the protein A-gold procedure combined with
      electron microscopy. Their secretory granules were spherical, and showed various
      sizes ranging in diameter from 100 nm to 800 nm according to the difference in
      physiological conditions of the animals. In pregnant and lactating animals, the
      PRL cells exhibited morphologically active features, i.e., a large prominent
      Golgi apparatus and a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) consisting
      of densely packed parallel lamellae. In pregnant and estrogen-treated animals,
      the secretory granules of PRL cells significantly increased in size as compared
      with those of virgin animals. The most remarkable ultrastructural change observed
      in PRL cells of pregnant, lactating, and estrogen-treated female musk shrews was
      the occurrence of "intracisternal" granules. They were small and spherical, and
      were located without limiting membranes inside the dilated cisternae of the RER.
      Intracisternal granules, as well as ordinary secretory granules, were found to be
      immunoreactive for PRL by the protein A-gold procedure. These results suggest
      that PRL cells of the female musk shrew may possibly utilize a "bypass" route to
      form hormone-containing granules under highly activated cellular conditions.

PMID- 3382032
TI  - Presence of glial cells in the rat pineal gland: a light and electron microscopic
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - Immunoperoxidase methods for the demonstration of three glial antigens, vimentin,
      glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein, were applied to routine-fixed
      paraffin sections of rat pineal gland. A pre-embedding electron microscope
      immunoperoxidase method was also used to study the ultrastructural localization
      of S-100 protein in pineal cells. Light and electron microscopic results showed
      the presence of these antigenic glial markers in the second pineal cell type. The
      term glial cell is proposed for the second of parenchymatous cell in rat pineal
      gland.

PMID- 3382033
TI  - Long-term retention of regenerative capability after denervation of skeletal
      muscle, and dependency of late differentiation on innervation.
AB  - The present study examines the influence of denervation on the regenerative
      ability of skeletal muscle in rats. Muscle denervation was achieved by
      transecting and ligating the cut ends of the sciatic nerve. Four to 48 weeks
      after denervation, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was
      autotransplanted to induce muscle regeneration. The transplanted EDL muscles were
      examined at 1-12 weeks. Normal (i.e., no prior denervation) EDL muscle
      autotransplants were also examined for comparison. Denervation resulted in
      progressive atrophy of muscle, marked by a reduction in the size of myofibers and
      an increase in endomysialperimysial connective tissue. In spite of these
      alterations, typical events of muscle regeneration were invariably observed after
      transplantation. Initial myofiber degeneration and subsequent regeneration of
      myotubes occurred in a manner similar to normal muscle transplants. However, only
      a partial maturation of myotubes was observed in denervated muscles. These
      results show that extended denervation does not abolish the capability for muscle
      regeneration. The precursor myosatellite cells, proposed to be responsible for
      muscle regeneration, retain their regenerative potential after denervation. It is
      concluded, however, that the presence of intact innervation is crucial for the
      terminal differentiation and maturation of regenerating muscle.

PMID- 3382034
TI  - Early morphogenesis of the canine lens, hyaloid system, and vitreous body.
AB  - This study deals with the early morphogenesis, from day 25 to day 35 post coitum
      (D25-D35), of the canine lens, lens capsule intraocular vascular system, and
      vitreous body. The breeding method used provides a higher accuracy as to the
      gestational age of the obtained fetuses than employed previously. The development
      of the lens, the intraocular vascular system, and the vitreous body of the dog's
      eye is analogous to that in other mammal species. The findings of this study,
      combined with data obtained from the literature, suggest that the period during
      which ocular development takes place is earlier in larger mammalian species than
      in the smaller ones. Previous descriptions of ocular development in other
      mammalian species, and one in the dog, reported that the development of the lens
      capsule starts posteriorly and proceeds towards the anterior part of the lens
      vesicle. In the present study, the periodic acid--Schiff positive anlage of the
      capsule was observed to fully surround the lens vesicle at D25, a development
      that is different and earlier than described previously in the dog and different
      from that described in other mammals. Moreover, a clear thickening of the capsule
      was not observed until capillaries of the tunica vasculosa lentis had reached its
      proximity.

PMID- 3382035
TI  - The leptomenix in normal baboon brain contain receptors for dihydrotestosterone
      but not estradiol.
AB  - There exists a sexual dimorphism in the occurrence of meningiomas. Biochemical
      binding assays conducted on samples of meningiomas have indicated a high
      incidence of progesterone and androgen receptors in these tumors. However,
      similar studies have been very controversial as to the existence of estrogen
      receptors in these tumors. The present study was conducted to determine whether
      the normal leptomenix contains estrogen and androgen receptors in a primate
      model, namely the baboon. Three male and three female baboons were injected with
      either 3H-dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT) or 3H-estradiol. One animal from each
      group received 3H-steroid + 100-fold unlabeled corresponding steroid to serve as
      control. One hour after injection of the 3H-steroids the animals were sacrificed.
      Their brains were removed and processed for autoradiography. Nuclear uptake and
      retention of 3H-DHT and/or one of its metabolites was found in 25-50% of the
      cells in pieces of the arachnoid adhering to the brain, cells of the glial
      membrane, cells in large fiber bundles, presumably oligodendroglia, and cells
      lining the Virchow-Robins spaces. No such localization was found with 3H
      estradiol. This study provides the first anatomical evidence for the presence of
      androgen receptors in the normal leptomenix and glial cells of the baboon. These
      findings are discussed in relation to the possible clinical significance of the
      use of steroids to modulate the growth of meningiomas.

PMID- 3382036
TI  - Potency of succinylcholine at the diaphragm and at the adductor pollicis muscle.
AB  - To quantify the differential effect of succinylcholine at the diaphragm and the
      adductor pollicis muscle, 10 patients were studied during halothane-nitrous oxide
      anesthesia. Train-of-four stimulation was applied to the ulnar and phrenic
      nerves. The force of contraction and the electromyographic response of the
      adductor pollicis were measured and compared with the diaphragmatic
      electromyogram. Then dose-response curves for both muscles were constructed using
      incremental doses of succinylcholine with an infusion to replace metabolized or
      redistributing drug. Linear regressions were obtained between the logit
      transformation of neuromuscular blockade at the adductor pollicis and diaphragm
      and the logarithm of the dose. The diaphragm was relatively resistant to
      succinylcholine. At 90% adductor pollicis block, the diaphragm was only (mean +/-
      SEM) 37 +/- 3% blocked. The diaphragm required 1.8 +/- 0.2 times as much
      succinylcholine as the adductor pollicis for an identical 90% block. The ED50 and
      ED90 values for succinylcholine at the diaphragm were 0.23 +/- 0.04 and 0.40 +/-
      0.09 mg/kg, respectively. Corresponding values for the adductor pollicis were
      0.14 +/- 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.02 mg/kg. The data indicate that the degree of
      adductor pollicis blockade might overestimate the intensity of diaphragmatic
      paralysis.

PMID- 3382037
TI  - A random survey of anesthesia machines and ancillary monitors in 45 hospitals.
AB  - One hundred sixty-nine anesthesia machines and ancillary monitors were tested in
      45 hospitals, randomly selected to assure a sample of hospitals with a wide range
      of anesthesia workload. The machines ranged in age from 1 to 28 years (8 +/- 6,
      mean +/- SD), with 47.3% manufactured since 1980, 39.1% between 1970 and 1980;
      and 13.6% before 1970. Regular maintenance was provided for 112 machines (66.2%)
      by the manufacturer, whereas 55 machines (32.5%) were maintained by independent
      contractors. Two machines designated as backup machines received no maintenance.
      There was no source of oxygen to back up oxygen piped from a central source on
      five machines. Thirteen machines had leaks over 500 ml/min distal to the common
      gas outlet, the most common sites being the carbon dioxide absorber, dome valves,
      and oxygen monitor sensor adaptors. Another two machines had leaks over 500
      ml/min proximal to the common gas outlet. Forty-two of the 169 machines did not
      have an oxygen analyzer; another 18 had oxygen analyzers that did not function
      properly. Only 29 (23.5%) of 123 machines equipped with a ventilator had a
      working high-pressure alarm, whereas functioning low-pressure alarms were
      available on 104 machines (84.5%). Fourteen of the 383 vaporizers tested for
      calibration did not meet the calibration standard recommended by the
      manufacturers. None of the 32 liquid anesthetic samples collected and analyzed
      during the survey showed contaminants. Only four (8.8%) hospitals utilized a
      written anesthesia machine checklist. There was no correlation between the number
      of malfunctions observed and ages of the machines, although the older machines
      tended to lack the basic monitoring devices and safety features.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382038
TI  - Atropine-edrophonium mixture: a dose-response study.
AB  - The dose-response and the doses required to prevent bradycardia in 50% (ED50) and
      95% (ED95) of patients were determined for atropine after antagonism of
      pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in 72 patients with edrophonium
      atropine mixtures. Edrophonium 0.67 mg/kg (group A, n = 37) or 1.0 mg/kg (group
      B, n = 35) was randomly mixed with one of seven doses of atropine (ranging from
      0.0125 to 0.0215 mg/kg in group A and from 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg in group B); with
      dose-response curves for atropine being constructed for both groups 5 and 10
      minutes after the injection of the mixture. These dose-response curves were found
      to be parallel in both groups. The calculated ED50 values of atropine were 1.6-2
      times greater in group B, compared with those in group A. The estimated ED50
      doses of atropine in groups A and B at 5 minutes were 0.018 and 0.029 mg/kg,
      respectively, and at 10 minutes, the ED50 doses were similar, being 0.016 and
      0.032 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated ED95 doses of atropine in groups A and
      B at 5 minutes were 0.024 and 0.055 mg/kg, and at 10 minutes, the ED95 doses were
      also similar, being 0.027 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively.

PMID- 3382039
TI  - Respiratory mechanics and intrinsic PEEP during ketamine and halothane anesthesia
      in young children.
AB  - Static compliance of the respiratory system (Crs) was measured by the interrupter
      technique in 18 anesthetized children to compare the effects of ketamine on Crs
      with those of halothane. Crs was the slope of the pressure-volume (P-V) curve
      obtained by repeated brief airway occlusions throughout relaxed expiration, and
      the intercept of the P-V curve on the pressure axis was the intrinsic positive
      end-expiratory airway pressure (PEEPi). Expiratory time (Te) was measured during
      a period of quiet breathing, and the passive expiratory time constant (tau) was
      measured during the relaxed expiration after an end-inspiratory occlusion. Nine
      children were anesthetized with a continuous infusion of ketamine and a matching
      group of nine children inhaled halothane in oxygen. Crs was significantly greater
      in the ketamine group (22.8 +/- 6.2 ml/cm H2O) than in the halothane group (15.7
      +/- 5.5 ml/cm H2O). The tau value was also significantly greater in the ketamine
      group. Mean PEEPi in the ketamine group was 2.3 +/- 1.8 cm H2O and in the
      halothane group was 0.4 +/- 0.8 cm H2O. PEEPi correlated inversely with Te/tau
      according to a logarithmic function. It was concluded that, in children
      anesthetized with ketamine, Crs is significantly greater than that in children
      anesthetized with halothane, and the resultant prolongation of tau and decreased
      Te/tau with ketamine anesthesia lead to increased PEEPi.

PMID- 3382040
TI  - Anesthetic action of opiates: correlations of lipid solubility and spectral edge.
AB  - The ability of opiates to be a complete anesthetic has been assessed in animals.
      These studies have investigated the serum levels of opiate required to produce a
      decrease in anesthetic requirement for a concomitantly administered inhalation
      anesthetic. A linear dose-response relation has been observed between opiate
      serum level and reduction in anesthetic requirement up to the level of 50%
      reduction in minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC). These studies have
      not demonstrated the production of one MAC anesthesia by the opiates. Recent EEG
      studies have provided another means of comparing the central nervous system
      effects of opiates and inhalation anesthetics. The serum levels of several
      opiates associated with a 50% reduction (IC50 or 50% inhibitory concentration) in
      maximal spectral edge frequency (SEF) have been reported. The free, unionized
      serum levels of each opiate at IC50 in humans or 50% MAC reduction in animals are
      remarkably similar. We calculated brain lipid opiate content at these serum
      levels using available physiochemical data. The calculated nanogram and molar
      brain lipid contents of the drugs fell within a 10-fold range while serum levels
      varied by 5000-fold. This similarity in membrane lipid content in association
      with EEG and anesthetic effects suggests that opiate "anesthesia" may involve a
      membrane effect in addition to the well established receptor interaction.

PMID- 3382041
TI  - Neurologic outcome in aged rats after incomplete cerebral ischemia.
AB  - The effect of age on outcome after induced cerebral ischemia was tested in rats.
      Cerebral ischemia was produced by unilateral carotid ligation and hemorrhagic
      hypotension to 30 mm Hg (moderate ischemia) or 25 mm Hg (severe ischemia) in
      young (6 month) and old (26-28 month) rats anesthetized with 1 MAC halothane.
      Young rats had significantly better neurologic outcomes than old rats after
      similar ischemic challenges. This advantage disappears, however, when the
      inspired oxygen tension is altered to produce similar PaO2 in both age groups
      during ischemia. Measures of regional CBF with radioactive microspheres showed a
      70% decrease in cortical blood flow in the ischemic cerebral hemisphere in both
      young and old rats. Plasma glucose concentrations increased from 150 to 250
      mg/100 mL during ischemia in both age groups. Histologically, the brains showed
      similar signs of focal ischemic damage in striatum, hippocampus, and cortex in
      young and old rats. These results indicate that when blood pressure and
      respiratory factors are controlled experimentally during ischemia, young and aged
      rats have similar neurologic outcomes after cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 3382043
TI  - Effects on gastric emptying of thoracic epidural analgesia with morphine or
      bupivacaine.
AB  - The effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on gastric emptying were evaluated in
      healthy fasting volunteers. In ten volunteers, 4 mg of epidural morphine were
      injected at the T4 level, and ten volunteers received thoracic epidural analgesia
      with 0.5% bupivacaine, the latter causing block of the sympathetic innervation to
      the stomach. Acetaminophen absorption was used as an indirect measure of the rate
      of gastric emptying. After establishment of the analgesia with bupivacaine, or
      160 (110-185) minutes after the administration of epidural morphine, 1.5 g
      acetaminophen dissolved in water was ingested. Serum samples were taken at 15
      minute intervals for 2 hours and serum acetaminophen concentrations were
      determined by an immunologic method. Control acetaminophen absorption studies
      without thoracic epidural analgesia were performed in all 20 subjects on another
      occasion. During epidural analgesia with morphine mean serum acetaminophen
      concentrations were lower (P less than 0.05), the maximum serum acetaminophen
      concentration was lower (P less than 0.01), the time taken to reach the maximum
      concentration was longer (P less than 0.02), and the area under the concentration
      time curve from 0 to 60 minutes was smaller (P less than 0.01) than in the
      control study. The corresponding values during epidural analgesia with
      bupivacaine did not differ from the control values. Four subjects with extremely
      delayed gastric emptying during epidural analgesia with morphine showed no delay
      in gastric emptying after receiving 4 mg morphine intramuscularly. Serum morphine
      concentrations were lower after epidural than after intramuscular morphine. In
      summary, 4 mg epidural morphine delayed gastric emptying. This was not a systemic
      effect of morphine. Thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine had no influence
      on gastric emptying.

PMID- 3382042
TI  - The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry.
AB  - A randomized, blind study examined the effect of nail polish color on measurement
      of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Fourteen adult volunteers had blue,
      green, purple, black, and red nail polish applied to their finger nails. A strip
      chart recording of oxygen saturation (Nellcor N100) was made in room air and
      later interpreted in a blinded fashion. The absorption spectra of the five
      polishes were determined by spectrophotometry. The spectra of nine other nail
      polishes and three intravenous dyes also were examined. Black, blue, and green
      nail polish significantly lowered oximeter readings of oxygen saturation. Blue
      and green produced greater decreases than purple and red; black produced an
      intermediate decrease. Some but not all nail polishes absorbed light at the
      wavelengths used by the pulse oximeter (660 nm and 940 nm). The degree of
      artifactual desaturation correlated best with the difference between absorbance
      at 660 nm and absorbance at 940 nm (r = 0.95). Spectrophotometric absorbance data
      suggest that other colors may interfere with pulse oximetry. On the basis of
      spectrophotometric data, brown-red nail polish was predicted to interfere with
      oximetry; subsequent pulse oximetry measurements confirmed the prediction. Nail
      polish should be removed routinely before pulse oximetry monitoring.

PMID- 3382044
TI  - Does nitrous oxide cause regional wall motion abnormalities in patients with
      coronary artery disease? An evaluation by two-dimensional transesophageal
      echocardiography.

PMID- 3382045
TI  - Improvement in blood flow during lower extremity microsurgical free tissue
      transfer associated with epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 3382046
TI  - Humidifier malfunction--a cause of anesthesia circuit occlusion.

PMID- 3382047
TI  - Vaporizer fill system leak.

PMID- 3382048
TI  - Pulse oximetry to determine oxygenation in a patient with pseudohypoxemia.

PMID- 3382049
TI  - Ischemic digital skin necrosis: a complication of the reusable Nelcor pulse
      oximeter probe.

PMID- 3382051
TI  - Appropriate techniques for airway management of emergency patients with suspected
      spinal cord injury.

PMID- 3382050
TI  - Reliable precordial Doppler monitoring in the seated position.

PMID- 3382052
TI  - Increase in skin temperature, by itself, may not indicate complete sympathetic
      blockade.

PMID- 3382053
TI  - Interscalene block and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

PMID- 3382054
TI  - Another way to skin the catheter.

PMID- 3382055
TI  - Collodion and electrocautery do not mix.

PMID- 3382056
TI  - Hilar adenopathy, asthma and eosinophilia in a 17-year-old girl.

PMID- 3382057
TI  - A subglottic web in an asthmatic patient.
AB  - An atopic woman developed asthma that was not responsive to the usual
      antiasthmatic medications including steroids. The cardinal symptom was a stridor
      which in addition to dysphonia and unusual dyspnea led the author to suspect a
      thoracic inlet obstruction. The suspicion was confirmed by an esophagogram and
      diagnosis of a subglottic web was made by direct laryngoscopy.

PMID- 3382059
TI  - The role of leukotriene D4 in allergic rhinitis.
AB  - We investigated the clinical significance of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) in nasal
      symptoms of allergy and compared this with antigen and histamine. Nasal
      provocations were carried out in patients with allergic rhinitis using serially
      increasing doses of LTD4, histamine, or antigen. The nasal responses induced were
      evaluated by counting the number of sneezes, the quantity of nasal secretion, and
      of nasal airway resistance. When the effects of topical provoking agents were
      compared at the threshold concentration, LTD4 produced no sneezing--unlike
      antigen and histamine--increased nasal secretion to a lesser degree than antigen
      and histamine (P less than .001), and increased nasal airway resistance similar
      to histamine but less than antigen (P less than .1) and longer than histamine,
      and similar to antigen in duration. LTD4 was approximately 5,000 times stronger
      than histamine in threshold concentration for nasal response. In conclusion, LTD4
      plays an important role in nasal allergy presumably through long lasting and
      strong nasal blockage effects.

PMID- 3382058
TI  - Ethanol-induced urticaria: a case report.
AB  - Urticaria, after ingesting ethanol, is rare. A 36-year-old Caucasian male
      developed multiple, generalized, pruritic urticarial lesions 5 to 15 minutes
      after drinking alcoholic beverages of any type. A blinded challenge with 5 mL of
      chemically pure 95% ethanol in concentrated grape juice caused urticaria and an
      elevation of plasma histamine. Pure grape juice alone was unreactive. Prick skin
      tests with Brewers' yeast, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid were negative.
      Hydroxyzine (25 mg, p.o., q.i.d.), given for three days prior to challenge,
      inhibited skin response and histamine release. Biopsy of the urticarial lesions
      caused by ethanol ingestion showed mast cell degranulation. In this subject,
      ethanol appeared to directly affect mast cell mediator release by non-IgE
      mechanisms.

PMID- 3382060
TI  - Assessment of response to oral metaproterenol sulfate by forced oscillation in
      young children.
AB  - The dose response characteristics and side effects of three doses of oral
      metaproterenol sulfate (MS) (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg) were compared with a
      placebo in ten asthmatic children (3 to 6 years). The bronchodilator efficacy was
      objectively assessed by evaluating the decrease in mean total respiratory
      resistance (MTRR) using Oscillaire. The mean percentage changes from baseline in
      MTRR showed that MS in all three doses was more effective than placebo. Lack of
      objective demonstration of bronchodilator efficacy, concern for possible side
      effects and uncertainty of the precise dosage for adequate bronchodilation are
      some of the factors that account for the lack of specific dosage recommendations
      for bronchodilators such as oral metaproterenol sulfate in children under 6 years
      of age. Until recently, it was not possible to objectively measure the response
      to bronchodilators in children below 6 years of age because of their inability to
      reliably perform forced expiratory maneuvers required for spirometry and their
      unwillingness to have airway resistance (or conductance) measurements by body
      plethysmography. Direct measurements of airflow resistance have been made in
      children with a pneumotachograph at the mouth and a balloon in the esophagus to
      record transpleural pressure changes; however, these techniques are invasive and
      require sedation. Total respiratory resistance and reactance of the respiratory
      system, as measured by forced oscillation technique, are pulmonary function tests
      that can be performed in young children who are unable to cooperate with
      conventional spirometric maneuvers.

PMID- 3382061
TI  - [Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c by liquid phase chromatography].
AB  - Glycated hemoglobin A1c assay is performed using HPLC on cation exchange TSK SP 5
      PW column. Separation is obtained in 11 minutes using graduated elution with
      sodium chloride and Bis-Tris buffer. HBA1c is resolved from the other hemoglobins
      (A1a, A1b, Ao, F, S, C). Reproducibility of method is quite good (cv less than
      3%) and correlated with classic low pressure chromatographic analysis using
      cation exchange resin.

PMID- 3382062
TI  - Identification of the lactogenic compound present in beer.
AB  - Lyophylized beer and extracts of plants used to prepare beer have been
      administered orally to mature virgin rats and intravenously to ewe. After four
      days of treatment, beta-casein estimated by a radioimmunoassay was present in the
      mammary glands of the rats to which beer or barley extracts were given.
      Injections of lyophilised beer, barley or malt extracts triggered the release of
      prolactin in ewe whereas hop extracts were inactive. The active compound present
      in beer barley and malt, was insolubilized in 50% ethanol and it is in the
      aqueous phase in chloroform extraction. The active preparation contained
      essentially polysaccharides. This suggests that the lactogenic principle belongs
      to this class of macromolecule.

PMID- 3382063
TI  - [Bacteriology and intensive care].
AB  - The intensive care units (ICU) constitute one of the sectors of the hospital with
      the highest incidence of infections. Part of the patients admitted to the ICU are
      carrier of an, often serious, infection which justified their admission. But more
      important are of infections contracted in the course of hospitalization. These
      are particularly frequent because of the principal factors which govern the
      emergence of nosocomial infections are present in the ICU in a very evident way.
      The frequency of infections which are essentially of the nosocomial type, compels
      the microbiology laboratory to adapt certain attitudes in the performance as well
      as in the interpretation of bacteriological analyses. The following points have
      to be dressed: the "colonisation" of various sites by potentially pathogenic
      bacteria should obviously be interpreted correctly; a systemic supervision
      sampling has become current in the ICU; the organization of the laboratory must
      allow a correlation of the results obtained from different samples; the
      laboratory must be accustomed to the bacterial ecology of the hospital and more
      specifically to this of the ICU; as the risk of nosocomial infections in the ICU
      is quite high, hospital hygiene and supervision of hospital strains are directly
      involved.

PMID- 3382064
TI  - [Prospective considerations on the dose-effect relationship in antibiotic
      therapy].
AB  - Even though antibiotic in vivo and in vitro modes of action are not superposable,
      laboratory studies allow a logical approach to the treatment of infections. The
      answer to the question "What dose and for how long?" frequently asked during the
      treatment of a severe infection is not necessarily "The maximum dose for a long
      duration". The following points among many others, should be taken into
      consideration. The rate of bacterial action of beta-lactams on Gram negative
      bacilli is concentration dependent for ampicillin and amoxicillin for instance.
      This rate is hardly concentration dependent for ureidopenicillins (azlocillin,
      mezlocillin and piperacillin) and azthreonam which bind principally on PBP3. With
      third generation cephalosporins, in relation to concentrations, two steps in
      bactericidal rate may be observed. The post-antibiotic effect is often short (1
      hour). The rate of bactericidal action of beta-lactams on Staphylococcus aureus
      is hardly concentration dependent. The post-antibiotic effect may be long (4 to 6
      hours). A paradoxical effect may be observed namely with Streptococcus faecalis.
      The killing rate of beta-lactams is inoculum dependent. The aminoglycosides have
      a very high bactericidal activity rate on Gram positive and Gram negative
      bacteria. The post-antibiotic effect is long (4 to 6 hours). The antibacterial
      effect is little inoculum dependent. These conclusions are driven from
      experiences performed on cultures in growth phase. One of the controversial point
      related to the in vitro in vivo relationship is the ignorance of the
      multiplication rate of the bacteria in the infected site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382065
TI  - A nonlinear model of respiratory mechanics in emphysematous lungs.
AB  - Existing mechanical models of chronic obstructive lung disease have failed to
      explain a number of experimental findings of airway obstruction, e.g., the
      varying manners of frequency dependence of resistance (FDR). Departing from the
      parallel-unit concept and attempting to account for the "check-valve" mechanism
      in the emphysematous lung, we proposed a single-compartment lung model with a
      nonlinear pressure-flow relationship: P + P* = LV + K1V + K3(V +/- V*)3 + V/c,
      where P* = K3V*, V* is a constant. The plus and minus signs in the cubic term
      indicate the expiratory and inspiratory check valves, respectively. The choice of
      an asymmetric P - V relation reflects several properties of emphysematous lungs
      such as airflow limitation and higher expiratory resistance. Implementation of
      the above equation using sine wave, white noise, and step inputs resulted in
      various forms of FDR at frequencies between 0 and 40 Hz depending on the type of
      input used. Resistance was most sensitive to changes in input pressure amplitude.
      The model's results suggest that the P - V nonlinearity can have a significant
      influence on the impedance construct in obstructed lung disease.

PMID- 3382067
TI  - Exact orthogonal kernel estimation from finite data records: extending Wiener's
      identification of nonlinear systems.
AB  - A technique is described for exact estimation of kernels in functional expansions
      for nonlinear systems. The technique operates by orthogonalizing over the data
      record and in so doing permits a wide variety of input excitation. In particular,
      the excitation is not limited to inputs that are white, Gaussian, or lengthy.
      Diagonal kernel values can be estimated, without modification, as accurately as
      off-diagonal values. Simulations are provided to demonstrate that the technique
      is more accurate than the Lee-Schetzen method with a white Gaussian input of
      limited duration, retaining its superiority when the system output is corrupted
      by noise.

PMID- 3382066
TI  - Nonlinear structural and material properties and models: the pulmonary trunk.
AB  - General models are developed for static and dynamic geometric and material
      passive responses. The models are applied to data obtained from the main
      pulmonary arteries of calves and dogs. The structural model predicts distortions
      by simultaneous stretching and bending in a concise manner. Parameters are
      obtained by a five-element material model. This latter predicts static and
      dynamic, nonlinear, frequency-dependent, viscoelastic responses observed in
      biomaterials over the entire strain range irrespective of the nature of loading.
      Validity and baseline parameter values are investigated for the inactivated
      state, developed by poisoning the smooth muscle with potassium cyanide.
      Complexities, related to nonlinear (strain-dependent) and colloidal (thixotropic)
      properties of tissues, are analyzed. These properties enter into functional
      responses in a complex manner that can modify substantially concepts of material
      components and vary appreciably between physiologic circumstances and laboratory
      evaluations. We propose that, in general, evaluations of material responses must
      account for these properties.

PMID- 3382068
TI  - Toxidrome recognition to improve efficiency of emergency urine drug screens.
AB  - We correlated clinical symptom complexes of drugs (toxidromes) to results of 204
      consecutive toxicological screens ordered in our emergency department. The
      toxidromes were divided into eight categories: sedative hypnotic, narcotic,
      stimulant, coma-apnea-seizure, hallucinogenic, anticholinergic, unknown, and "no
      drugs." Emergency medicine nurses, clinical pharmacists, and medical residents
      were asked to choose one or more of the above toxidromes independently when
      ordering the toxicology screen. The nurses achieved the highest symptom complex
      recognition of the drug (55 of 61, 88%) followed by medical residents (76 of 90,
      84%) and clinical pharmacists (27 of 34, 79.4%), but the differences were not
      statistically significant. We conclude that the major determinant in selecting
      correct toxidromes is clinical experience of the practitioners. Given the
      percentages of toxidrome recognition, it should be possible to increase
      efficiency of laboratory use by ordering tests only for the drugs clinically
      suspected in a particular toxic patient.

PMID- 3382069
TI  - Effect of whole-bowel irrigation on the antidotal efficacy of oral activated
      charcoal.
AB  - Whole-bowel irrigation was studied in three volunteer subjects and compared with
      oral activated charcoal as a gastrointestinal decontamination procedure for acute
      drug overdose. The volunteer subjects were given 650 mg aspirin and were assigned
      randomly to the following treatment groups: 24-hour urine collection only;
      immediate whole-bowel irrigation with a polyethylene glycol solution; 50 g oral
      activated charcoal followed by whole-bowel irrigation; and oral activated
      charcoal alone. The cumulative 24-hour urinary salicylate excretion was measured
      in each trial. Catharsis was achieved rapidly with whole-bowel irrigation. Oral
      activated charcoal without catharsis was most effective in decreasing aspirin
      absorption (P = .011). These results do not support the routine use of a
      cathartic in combination with oral activated charcoal.

PMID- 3382070
TI  - Abdominal CT scanning in pediatric blunt trauma.
AB  - The use of the emergency IV contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT)
      scanning was evaluated in 90 pediatric patients sustaining blunt abdominal
      trauma. Medical records, CT scans, and operative and postmortem reports, when
      applicable, were reviewed retrospectively. By identifying the organs of injury,
      CT scans of the abdomen, with IV contrast, proved to be useful to the surgeon in
      deciding whether to operate in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma. The failure
      rate for conservative, non-operative management (four of 33) in "positive" scans
      was low, and represented progression of known injuries, not the appearance of
      unexpected injuries. Similarly, the (unplanned) surgery rate in the "negative"
      scan cases was low (one of 57). Abdominal CT scans cannot be relied on to
      consistently diagnose gastrointestinal perforation or pancreatic injury.

PMID- 3382071
TI  - What is the occupational risk to emergency care providers from the human
      immunodeficiency virus?
AB  - The risk to health care providers of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
      infection through occupational exposure is very low, but the consequences of
      becoming infected are obviously severe. The magnitude of this risk has been
      debated extensively in the medical literature, but the majority of these
      discussions have focused on providers of surgical, orthopedic, and obstetric
      care, none of whom have ever been documented to have become infected with HIV
      through occupational exposure. In contrast, there has been very little
      information published regarding the degree of risk to emergency care providers,
      several of whom have been confirmed as having acquired HIV infection through
      occupational exposures. This report addresses the extent and nature of risk of
      HIV infection to emergency care providers and reviews the current management of
      significant exposures.

PMID- 3382072
TI  - Successful resuscitation using external cardiac pacing in beta adrenergic
      antagonist-induced bradyasystolic arrest.
AB  - We present a case of attempted suicide by propranolol overdose presenting as
      convulsions followed by bradyasystolic cardiopulmonary arrest successfully
      managed by external transcutaneous pacing. Inotropic support and the resulting
      clinical improvement permitted discontinuation of cardiac pacing after 75
      minutes. Pharmacologic management included glucagon late in the patient's
      management when the persistent hypotension was established to be due to beta
      adrenergic blockade. A serum propranolol level of 2,331 ng/mL verified the
      overdose. This is the first report of successful transcutaneous pacing for beta
      adrenergic antagonist poisoning.

PMID- 3382073
TI  - Fetal toxicity associated with maternal carbon monoxide poisoning.
AB  - We report six cases of acute carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy. All of
      the women survived with good outcomes, but three cases were associated with fetal
      mortality. Two fetuses were delivered stillborn within 36 hours of exposure. One
      fetus remained alive in utero for 20 weeks and was delivered nonviable at 33
      weeks gestation with multiple morphologic anomalies. Three pregnancies were
      carried to term and resulted in normal neonates. Maternal blood carboxyhemoglobin
      levels did not correlate with the concurrent severity of symptoms in the woman.
      Maternal symptoms at the site of exposure seemed to predict the risk of
      associated morbidity to the fetus. A single maternal carboxyhemoglobin level
      cannot be used to estimate fetal carboxyhemoglobin if the exposure pattern is not
      known.

PMID- 3382074
TI  - Ruptured thoracic aneurysm presenting as dyspnea and hypotension.
AB  - A 65-year-old woman with a two-day history of progressive back pain presented
      with acute dyspnea, tachypnea, hypotension, and tachycardia. The patient was
      being treated for chronic obstructive lung disease and long-standing
      hypertension. She evidenced unilateral diminished breath sounds and wheezing. A
      portable chest radiograph in the emergency department revealed a large left
      pleural effusion. A hemothorax was confirmed by thoracentesis, and a 7-cm
      descending thoracic aortic aneurysm was demonstrated by angiography. The patient
      underwent successful surgical resection and Dacron graft repair of the aneurysm.
      This case emphasizes the need for maintaining a high index of suspicion for
      atypical presentations of ruptured thoracic aneurysms and for using diagnostic
      thoracentesis in pleural effusions of unknown etiology.

PMID- 3382075
TI  - Seizures secondary to oral viscous lidocaine.
AB  - We present the cases of two children with lidocaine-induced seizures resulting
      from the use of oral viscous lidocaine. In the first case, the drug was
      prescribed for herpetic gingivostomatitis. In the second, a child was treated for
      teething pain by the mother, who used a relative's medication.

PMID- 3382076
TI  - Extreme hypermagnesemia caused by an overdose of magnesium-containing cathartics.
AB  - We describe a patient who survived a peak serum magnesium level of 9.5 mmol/L
      (23.0 mg/dL) after an oral cathartic overdose. The patient presented in coma but
      regained full consciousness over the next six hours with supportive therapy. His
      serum magnesium had returned to near-normal levels by the following morning at
      the time of his hospital discharge. This case represents an unprecedented extent
      of ingestion-related hypermagnesemia in a surviving patient, given that serum
      levels of more than 8 mmol/L are frequently associated with death from cardiac
      arrest.

PMID- 3382078
TI  - Guidelines for emergency medical services systems. American College of Emergency
      Physicians.

PMID- 3382077
TI  - Oleander poisoning: treatment with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments.
AB  - A 37-year-old man presented two hours after the ingestion of "a handful" of
      oleander leaves (probably Nerium oleander) in a suicide attempt. Cardiotoxicity
      was evidenced by the presence of bradycardia (rate, 30 to 45) with sinoatrial
      nodal arrest and junctional escape consistent with a cardiac glycoside effect.
      The patient was treated empirically with a single dose of five vials (200 mg) of
      digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments (Digibind). The pretreatment digoxin
      level was 1.5 ng/mL. After treatment, the patient's rhythm stabilized with
      residual sinus bradycardia (rate, 56). The patient recovered uneventfully and was
      discharged on the fifth hospital day to inpatient psychiatric care.

PMID- 3382079
TI  - Report of the Task Force on Academic Affairs in Emergency Medicine. Academic
      Affairs Task Force, University Association for Emergency Medicine.

PMID- 3382080
TI  - Abstracts of the fourth annual meeting of the National Association of EMS
      Physicians. Washington, DC, June 10-12, 1988.

PMID- 3382082
TI  - Thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3382081
TI  - Economic triage: physician liability.

PMID- 3382083
TI  - Contamination of multiple-use humidifiers in ambulances.

PMID- 3382084
TI  - Gastric emptying: initial management of the poisoned patient?

PMID- 3382085
TI  - IV dihydroergotamine therapy for migraine treatment.

PMID- 3382086
TI  - Leaving AMA and insurance coverage for ED services.

PMID- 3382087
TI  - Naloxone: a safe and effective drug.

PMID- 3382088
TI  - Naloxone use: side effects may occur.

PMID- 3382089
TI  - Complications of naloxone.

PMID- 3382091
TI  - Researchers take on major nursing issues.

PMID- 3382090
TI  - Dual residency training.

PMID- 3382092
TI  - Summit plan will halt shortage.

PMID- 3382093
TI  - As I see it--unity needed for coverage.

PMID- 3382094
TI  - Delegates face vital issues at House.

PMID- 3382095
TI  - RN retirement plan readied.

PMID- 3382096
TI  - Write your congressperson--here's how.

PMID- 3382097
TI  - Temporary nurse agencies boom as shortage lingers.

PMID- 3382098
TI  - Nursing research on fast track at National Center.

PMID- 3382099
TI  - Practice, research are natural partners.

PMID- 3382100
TI  - How sweet it is!

PMID- 3382101
TI  - RN asks nurses, minority women about AIDS.

PMID- 3382102
TI  - Is paranoid schizophrenia really camouflaged depression?

PMID- 3382103
TI  - Hostages to fortune. Youth, values, and the public interest.

PMID- 3382105
TI  - Cardiac arrest and blood ionized calcium levels.
AB  - Blood ionized and total calcium levels, and pH values were obtained in 12
      patients who were being ventilated and given external cardiac massage after
      having had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. On admission they had marked
      ionized hypocalcemia, with mean ionized calcium levels of 0.67 +/- 0.22 mmol/L,
      (range, 0.26 to 0.89), but normal total calcium levels. There was a positive
      correlation between pH and ionized calcium levels (r = 0.71). Of the six patients
      who were successfully resuscitated, four were discharged and two died; the other
      six could not be resuscitated and died. By comparison, ionized and total calcium
      levels obtained within 3 minutes of cardiac arrest were normal in 9 patients who
      had cardiac arrests in the intensive care unit or during surgery. All were
      discharged. These data are the first to document the occurrence of severe ionized
      hypocalcemia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Hypocalcemia appears to be
      time-dependent and due essentially to extracellular complexing of calcium.
      Further work is needed to determine whether patients who have out-of-hospital
      cardiac arrests can benefit from calcium administration.

PMID- 3382104
TI  - Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis resulting in primary pulmonary
      hypertension.
AB  - We describe the first cases of familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, a
      disorder in which capillaries in the lungs proliferate. Three siblings died from
      primary pulmonary hypertension. One developed pulmonary congestion preterminally
      after vasodilator treatment. The inheritance pattern seems autosomal recessive.
      Lung specimens obtained in two siblings showed extensive pulmonary capillary
      hemangiomatosis, with normal capillaries proliferating into veins and alveoli.
      Including our patients, four of the nine patients with pulmonary capillary
      hemangiomatosis have presented with the clinical picture of primary pulmonary
      hypertension. Thus, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis should be considered as a
      histologic pattern of primary pulmonary hypertension. Most other cases of
      pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis have been similar to pulmonary veno-occlusive
      disease. Recently, disorders involving the proliferation of cytologically normal
      capillaries have been termed angiogenic diseases. Pulmonary capillary
      hemangiomatosis may be an angiogenic disease.

PMID- 3382106
TI  - Stress and impairment during residency training: strategies for reduction,
      identification, and management. Resident Services Committee, Association of
      Program Directors in Internal Medicine.
AB  - Graduate physicians face formidable developmental tasks during residency training
      as they prepare for their professional careers. Adapting to becoming a skilled
      physician involves assuming and mastering many professional responsibilities for
      the proper care of patients while taking on many personal obligations such as
      marriage, parenthood, and financial independence. Adaptation requires physicians
      to cope successfully with a series of stresses that have been divided into three
      categories: situational, professional, and personal stresses. Each category is
      reviewed and both general and specific recommendations are offered to reduce the
      level of stress. Normal and abnormal responses to the stresses of residency
      training are described, and guidelines are provided for recognizing the impaired
      resident early. Recommendations are made for managing the residency program and
      treating the resident, should he or she become impaired.

PMID- 3382107
TI  - Oral phentolamine in nonspecific erectile insufficiency.

PMID- 3382108
TI  - Thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and relapsing polychondritis.

PMID- 3382109
TI  - Acute orchitis in familial Mediterranean fever.

PMID- 3382110
TI  - Norfloxacin and absorption of magnesium-aluminum.

PMID- 3382111
TI  - Norfloxacin and seizures.

PMID- 3382112
TI  - Ciprofloxacin and allergic interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 3382113
TI  - Diabetic diarrhea and clonidine.

PMID- 3382114
TI  - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and danazol.

PMID- 3382115
TI  - Catabolic response to lovastatin therapy.

PMID- 3382116
TI  - National Resident Matching Plan.

PMID- 3382118
TI  - Membrane biopathology.

PMID- 3382117
TI  - Is calcium beneficial or deleterious in patients with cardiac arrest?

PMID- 3382119
TI  - Bioceramics: material characteristics versus in vivo behavior.

PMID- 3382120
TI  - Bioactive glass-ceramics in middle ear surgery. An 8-year review.
AB  - An 8-year follow-up of Ceravital middle ear prostheses showed there was extremely
      good tolerance in the middle ear space. Incompatibility phenomena were not
      observed, and inflammatory reactions were neither caused nor supported by the
      implants. The tympanoplasties were always performed without interposition of
      cartilage between the tympanic membrane or the tympanic membrane graft and the
      disk-shaped portion of the implant, and extrusions were never observed. Long
      lasting inflammatory processes appeared to destroy implants the same way they
      destroy ossicles. Transient inflammatory periods (such as episodes of purulent
      otitis media, which occurred soon after the prostheses were implanted) did not
      lead to any remarkable changes of the surface of the implant. In healthy middle
      ears, the hearing results were stable.

PMID- 3382121
TI  - Novel methods for clinical applications of bioactive ceramics.

PMID- 3382122
TI  - Apatitic calcium orthophosphates and related compounds for biomaterials
      preparation.
AB  - The authors show that to obtain well chemically defined apatitic bioceramics and
      to know the possible transformations of this material during sintering, it is
      necessary to prepare a good starting material. Moreover, they show that it is
      possible to prepare a new organic-inorganic phosphate compound. The precipitation
      of apatite in an aqueous medium at boiling temperature was studied using the
      methodology of experimental design. Independent variables were the volume of
      NH4OH in phosphate solution, the volume of NH4OH in calcium solution, and the
      time of precipitation; the response was the atomic Ca/P ratio of the obtained
      precipitate. A continuous variation of this ratio from 1.63 to 1.73 is observed.
      Implications of this result to the preparation of pure HA: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is
      given. Moreover, when Ca/P greater than 1.67, HA reacts with Ca(OH)2 (after
      heating at 1000 degrees C in air for some days) to give rise to a single phase
      described as a modified HA (MHA), a Ca/P ratio of 1.75, an a value of 9.373 +/-
      0.002 A, and a c value of 6.884 +/- 0.002 A. The reactivity (time versus
      temperature) of the MHA is described. If the precipitation of the calcium
      phosphate is realized at 37 degrees C in a water-ethanol medium in the presence
      of A2EP, a new apatite, chemically bonded to the organic molecule by pooling
      phosphate groups, is obtained.

PMID- 3382123
TI  - Effect of porosity and physicochemical properties on the stability, resorption,
      and strength of calcium phosphate ceramics.

PMID- 3382124
TI  - Biomechanical compatibility and design of ceramic implants for orthopedic
      surgery.

PMID- 3382125
TI  - Bioactive glasses, aluminum oxide, and titanium. Ion transport phenomena and
      surface analysis.

PMID- 3382126
TI  - Bioactive glasses, aluminum oxide, and titanium. Biochemistry of the interface.

PMID- 3382127
TI  - Significance of the porosity and physical chemistry of calcium phosphate
      ceramics. Dental and other head and neck uses.

PMID- 3382128
TI  - Significance of the porosity and physical chemistry of calcium phosphate
      ceramics. Orthopedic uses.

PMID- 3382129
TI  - Biomechanical stability and design. Stiffness and remodeling.

PMID- 3382130
TI  - Biomechanical stability and design. Strength.

PMID- 3382131
TI  - Biomechanical stability and design. Wear.

PMID- 3382132
TI  - Fe-Cr-Al alloy with an alumina layer on the surface.

PMID- 3382133
TI  - Hydroxyapatite coatings.
AB  - Four coating techniques were evaluated to determine which is most suitable for
      producing a dense, highly adherent coating onto metallic and ceramic implant
      materials. Two of the selected coating methods have serious limitations for use
      in this particular application, and did not meet the specified criteria for
      satisfactory coating as defined in the initial stages of the study. For example,
      the dip coating-sintering technique was judged to be unsatisfactory because of
      the adverse effect of the high-temperature sintering cycle on the mechanical
      properties of the metallic substrate materials. These materials could not be used
      in load-bearing applications because of the excessive grain growth and loss of
      the wrought structure of both the commercially pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V substrates,
      and the loss of ductility in the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Another area of concern was
      that bond strength between the HA coating and the substrate was not high enough
      to insure that interfacial failure would not occur during the lifetime of the
      implant. The immersion-coating technique, in which the metal substrate is
      immersed into the molten ceramic, was shown in a previous study to be the best
      method of coating a bioreactive glass onto a Co-Cr-Mo implant. Heating HA above
      its melting temperature, however, caused undesired compositional and structural
      changes, and upon solidification very limited adherence between the modified
      ceramic and substrate material occurred under the conditions of this study. The
      HIP technique, in which the Ti powder substrate and the HA powder coating are
      sintered together in a high-pressure autoclave, shows great promise for the
      fabrication of high-quality composite implants. Initial studies have indicated
      that high-density Ti substrates with a small grain size that are well bonded to a
      dense HA coating can be produced under optimum conditions. Sintering and
      densification additives, such as SiO2 powder, do not appear to be necessary. The
      main drawback to this technique appears to be the reaction of the encapsulating
      material--whether soda glass, steel, or fused silica--to the HA coating. More
      extensive testing will necessary to determine the ideal conditions for the HIP
      technique, as efforts on this technique were discontinued in order to concentrate
      on the HIP technique, as efforts on this technique were discontinued in order to
      concentrate on the optimization of the sputter-coating technique so that coated
      implants for an animal study could be produced on schedule. Based on the results
      of this study, sputter coating appears to be the method of choice for forming a
      dense, adherent coating of HA onto a metal substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400
      WORDS)

PMID- 3382134
TI  - Efficacy of plasma-sprayed tricalcium phosphate in enhancing the fixation of
      smooth titanium intramedullary rods.
AB  - The osseous tissue response to intramedullary rods plasma-sprayed with TCP was
      investigated. TCP-sprayed smooth titanium rods and unsprayed controls were
      bilaterally implanted into the medullary canals of rabbit tibiae. Rabbits in the
      short-term study were sacrificed at 3 weeks; rabbits in the long-term study were
      sacrificed at 12 weeks. Pull-out tests were performed and histological sections
      prepared. The TCP-sprayed titanium rods exhibited significantly higher pull-out
      strengths than unsprayed contralateral rods at both 3 and 12 weeks, suggesting
      the bonding of bone to the TCP layer. The TCP-sprayed titanium rods at 3 weeks
      showed significantly greater osseous tissue response than unsprayed contralateral
      controls. At 12 weeks, the osseous tissue response was greater than at 3 weeks,
      and, surprisingly, the response to TCP-sprayed and unsprayed titanium rods was
      comparable.

PMID- 3382135
TI  - Stability of a bioactive gel covering a glass surface.

PMID- 3382136
TI  - Kinetic effects of ATP and two cellular stimulatory components on human leukocyte
      5-lipoxygenase.

PMID- 3382137
TI  - Effect of inhaled leukotriene D4 on human airways.

PMID- 3382138
TI  - Prolonged suppression of coronary flow rate and cardiac work induced by
      leukotriene D4, and the reversal of this effect by activators of adenylate
      cyclase.

PMID- 3382139
TI  - Neurological applications of implanted drug pumps.

PMID- 3382140
TI  - The physiology of spasticity and its response to therapy.

PMID- 3382141
TI  - Intrathecal baclofen for severe spasticity.

PMID- 3382142
TI  - Intrathecal baclofen in tetanus.

PMID- 3382143
TI  - Drug "diffusion" within the brain.
AB  - 1. The rates and the ways different materials move from ventricular fluid into
      and through the caudate nucleus vary rather broadly. 2. The major mechanism of
      solute flow from ventricular CSF into and through the caudate nucleus appears to
      be simple diffusion. 3. Among solutes that pass across the BBB from brain to
      blood at very low rates, those that distribute mainly or exclusively in the
      extracellular space (e.g., sucrose, EDTA, and sodium) "diffuse" most rapidly into
      the caudate nucleus. 4. Among solutes which efflux across the BBB at very low
      rates, the apparent rate of diffusion within the caudate nucleus is the least for
      those that are readily taken up and accumulated by brain cells (e.g., AIB). 5.
      Solutes that move moderately to rapidly across the BBB from brain to blood only
      penetrate distances of several mm or less into the caudate before they are
      completely cleared from the tissue by the cerebral circulation. 6. In most
      instances the slopes of the tissue concentration profiles within the caudate
      nucleus during and after ventriculocisternal perfusion are fairly steep and are
      complex functions of parameters such as the effective tissue diffusion
      coefficient (Dt) and the transcapillary efflux rate constant (Ko), each of which
      are, in turn, dependent on separate sets of variables (e.g., the rate of cellular
      uptake for Dt and the rate of blood flow for ko). 7. The distribution process and
      kinetics may be much different in CNS areas adjacent to the subarachnoid space
      than in the caudate nucleus because of convective flow of subarachnoidal CSF
      through the perivascular spaces of the penetrating and emerging blood vessels and
      the arterioles and venules.

PMID- 3382144
TI  - Which drugs, what space?

PMID- 3382145
TI  - Shiley INFUSAID Pump technology.
AB  - Totally implantable drug delivery devices have been shown to be safe and
      effective in the delivery of drugs both systemically and regionally. Applications
      have been developed for continuous infusions of drugs and are currently being
      developed for variable flow rates with more sophisticated programmable pumps.
      Some of the potential benefits of such devices include improved drug efficacy
      with reduced systemic toxicities, more controlled dosing of drugs, improved
      quality of life, delivery of proteins and peptides, and individualized patient
      dosing. The potential exists for creating biofeedback closed loop therapies for
      diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some central nervous system diseases in
      the future.

PMID- 3382146
TI  - A simple enzymic method for the measurement of magnesium in serum and urine on a
      centrifugal analyser.
AB  - A method is described based on a reaction that requires magnesium-ATP as a co
      factor for the activity of hexokinase (HK), coupled with glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Glucose and NADP are converted to D-gluconolactone 6
      phosphate and NADPH, respectively. The rate of increase in absorbance at 340 nm
      due to the formation of NADPH is proportional to the magnesium concentration in
      the sample. Magnesium levels in serum and urine measured by the enzymic method
      compared well with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The within
      batch precisions were 1.4% and 1.5% for the enzymic method and the atomic
      absorption method, respectively for a quality assurance sample with a magnesium
      concentration of 2 mmol/L. The enzymic method is accurate (recoveries of added
      magnesium to serum samples are 101-102%), reproducible (between batch CV 2.8%),
      and rapid (23 samples may be measured in 10 min). Data on accuracy, precision and
      correlation for the enzymic and atomic absorption methods are presented.

PMID- 3382147
TI  - Serum aluminium measurement by DC plasma emission spectrometry.
AB  - A serum aluminium assay has been established using a DC plasma emission
      spectrometer and calibration with serum based standards. The assay is linear
      between 0.20 and 18.0 mumol/L aluminium. The procedure gives good analytical
      recovery and precision. The assay was validated by comparison(s) with an
      electrothermal atomic absorption (ETAAS) procedure which showed good agreement.
      Serum aluminium concentrations have been compared in normal individuals, in
      undialysed chronic renal failure patients with or without aluminium hydroxide
      treatment, and in dialysed patients treated with oral aluminium hydroxide. Non
      dialysed patients had higher serum aluminium concentrations if treated with
      aluminium hydroxide. Haemodialysis patients had the highest serum aluminium
      concentrations whilst those on peritoneal dialysis had levels similar to those of
      the non-dialysed chronic renal failure group.

PMID- 3382148
TI  - Determination of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood: a comparison between wet
      chemistry methods and a dry chemistry analyser.
AB  - Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in 127 samples of capillary and
      venous blood were measured with the portable Reflotron 'dry chemistry'
      reflectometer and compared with serum levels measured in the laboratory using wet
      chemistry methods. Results were grouped into low, middle and high ranges. Levels
      measured with the Reflotron correlated closely with those measured by wet
      chemistry methods. Reflotron values for both lipid fractions were, however,
      consistently higher than wet chemistry levels but the differences were small
      except at high levels. It is concluded that the Reflotron is a satisfactory
      instrument for providing clinically useful measurements of cholesterol and
      triglyceride nearer to the patient.

PMID- 3382149
TI  - Reactivation of creatine kinase activity by preincubation with buffered NAC
      diluent.
AB  - We have shown that several commercial control sera containing reversibly
      inactivated creatine kinase are reactivated by pre-incubation in N-acetyl
      cysteine assay diluent. The increase in activity can proceed for up to 4 h. This
      reactivation is not seen in patients' sera even after storage for 14 days at -20
      degrees C, 7 days at 4 degrees C, or 2 days at 20 degrees C, during which time no
      loss of activity was evident. This study brings into question the validity of
      using consensus values to standardise enzyme assays.

PMID- 3382150
TI  - Identification of factors limiting the accurate measurement of plasma D
      penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
AB  - Free and total reduced concentrations of D-penicillamine have been measured in
      the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients by HPLC and electro-chemical
      detection. A reverse-phase ion-pair separation in conjunction with a dual porous
      graphite electrode satisfied the requirements of robustness, sensitivity,
      selectivity and suitable retention time. Plasma levels measured between 1.5 and 3
      h after an oral dose, were less than 0.3 to 57.6 mumol/L and 0.6 to 85.0 mumol/L
      (n = 26) for free and total reduced drug concentrations, respectively. Sources of
      error in the accurate measurement of peak plasma D-penicillamine levels were
      identified as oxidative loss and alteration in the free to protein-bound ratio in
      the period following sample collection.

PMID- 3382151
TI  - Haemolysis and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity.

PMID- 3382153
TI  - Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE assays.

PMID- 3382152
TI  - The Amerlite Thyrotrophin (TSH) assay.

PMID- 3382154
TI  - Blood collection bottles for glycated haemoglobin measurement.

PMID- 3382155
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin by affinity chromatography in children.

PMID- 3382156
TI  - Bone marrow necrosis: an entity often overlooked.
AB  - Bone marrow necrosis is a poorly understood and frequently an unrecognized
      finding in routine bone marrow biopsies. Previous reports indicate the incidence
      of bone marrow necrosis ranges from 0.5 percent (rare) to approximately one-third
      of all bone marrow biopsies examined. Our studies indicate that the presence of
      bone marrow necrosis depends on the clinical condition of the patient. Overall,
      our incidence of bone marrow necrosis was 37 percent of the bone marrow biopsies
      examined. Of these, 26.4 percent was mild. 7.5 percent moderate, and 3.1 percent
      severe necrosis. The mechanism in most cases had an identifiable underlying
      etiology such as a malignancy, or vascular or cytotoxic damage, with a small
      percentage being unexplained. Bone marrow necrosis is seen across a wide range of
      conditions, including sickle cell diseases, AIDS, leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic
      carcinoma, anemia, sepsis, and other systemic diseases. Patients at the extremes
      of age, less than 20 years and greater than 70 years, usually demonstrate only
      small foci of necrosis (Grade I). Moderate (Grade II) and severe (Grade III) bone
      marrow necrosis are often associated with life threatening illnesses, with most
      of these being hematologic malignancies or bone marrow metastases. The prognosis
      associated with bone marrow necrosis seems to be dependent on the underlying
      primary clinical condition regardless of the degree of necrosis observed.

PMID- 3382158
TI  - Quantitation of hemoglobin with the Vision Analyzer by use of the alkaline
      hematin reaction.
AB  - Blood is drawn into capillary tubes containing saponin and the tubes placed into
      the reagent packs. Hemoglobin is denatured by mixing the hemosylate with a
      reagent containing lithium hydroxide and a non-ionic detergent. The absorbance is
      measured bichromatically at wavelengths of 577 and 633 nm. The calibration curve
      is stable and can be stored for at least 30 days. There are no interferences from
      fetal hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin (20 percent), hemoglobin S, samples
      with hematocrits up to 0.55, paraproteins, and lipemia. Specimens with rouleau
      formation, nucleated and fragmented red blood cells, target cells, ovalocytes,
      teardrop cells, spherocytes, leukocyte counts of 29 X 10(9) per L and
      reticulocyte counts of 0.32; Howell-Jolly bodies did not interfere with the
      assay. The within run and between run precision gave average coefficient or
      variations of 2.3 and 1.9 percent, respectively. Comparison of the hemoglobin
      results obtained in 149 samples with the Vision (y) and Coulter Counter System
      (x) gave r = 0.987, Y = 1.01X - 1.89 g per L.

PMID- 3382157
TI  - Lung surfactant-associated glycoproteins and proteolipids in human amniotic
      fluids evaluated by dot immunobinding assays.
AB  - Dot immunobinding assays for the quantitation of two classes of proteins
      associated with lung surfactant phospholipids in human amniotic fluid are
      described. With the use of these assays it was determined that the two classes of
      surfactant proteins accumulate in the amniotic fluid at the same rate. The
      concentrations of disaturated phosphatidylcholine and the surfactant-associated
      proteins are less closely correlated. Centrifugation of amniotic fluids either
      before or after freezing resulted in a loss ranging from 10 to 35 percent of both
      surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholine and proteins depending on the relative
      centrifugal force used. Preterm amniotic fluids contained significantly less of
      both surfactant-associated proteins, as well as disaturated phosphatidylcholine,
      than did term amniotic fluids which suggests that the use of these specific
      protein markers may enhance the assessment of fetal lung maturity.

PMID- 3382159
TI  - [Extracorporeal lithotripsy and prophylactic antibiotic therapy].
AB  - During ESWL, bacteria which may be contained in the stone gets disintegrated.
      This study evaluates the role of prophylactic antibiotherapy in preventing such
      complications. Fifty patients whose urine culture was negative were randomized
      into two groups: the first group (25 patients) received a placebo, the second
      group received Ceftriaxone 1 g I.V. as a single injection performed 1 hour
      previous ESWL. There was no positive blood culture and no positive urine culture
      in the placebo group arm as well as in the antibiotic group. In this study, the
      risk of infection induced by ESWL seems to be minimal, so that prophylactic
      antibiotherapy does not appear to be necessary when urine before ESWL is sterile.

PMID- 3382160
TI  - [Recurrence of a urothelial carcinoma in an ileal neo-bladder. Apropos of a
      case].
AB  - Recurrences of bladder carcinoma on ileal loop are rare (8 cases reported). We
      report herein the first case of recurrence after enterocystoplasty (Camey
      procedure).

PMID- 3382162
TI  - [Priapism induced by heparin. A more serious prognosis?].
AB  - Between 1973 and 1985, 31 patients were treated in the Urology Department of La
      Pitie hospital for priapism. Analysis of the aetiologies, determined in 25 cases,
      revealed a particularly high incidence of heparin as an aetiological factor for
      priapism. Surgical treatment was proposed in 28 patients. Independently of the
      type of surgical treatment performed and with a comparative preoperative delay,
      priapism as a complication of heparin therapy appears to be functionally more
      severe than priapism due to other aetiologies. Although the frequency, mechanism
      and prognosis of this complication of heparin therapy remain poorly understood,
      analysis of the 10 cases in this series and a review of the literature
      nevertheless provide certain answers.

PMID- 3382161
TI  - [Role of the unstable bladder in certain pathologies of the lower urinary tract].
AB  - The authors report their experience of 57 cases of unstable bladder, 20 cases of
      which were neurogenic in origin. It is a frequent disease encountered in 19% of
      cases. The sex ratio is one male/one female. Infants are not spared (17 cases).
      Unstable bladder is a urodynamic concept; therefore, diagnosis of certitude is
      based on cystometry. The analytic study enables the authors to underline the
      clinical symptoms, to establish the urodynamic criteria of detrusor hyperactivity
      and to enumerate the side effects on bladder and renal function. The different
      etiologies, organic or functional, of detrusor hyperreflexia are exposed.
      Finally, the therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 3382163
TI  - [New therapy for Peyronie's disease: superoxide dismutase by ionization.
      Comparison with an earlier classical series].
AB  - Due to the poor results obtained in the treatment of Peyronie's disease by
      ionophoresis and ultrasound, using the classical buffer solution of the cortisone
      thiomucase type, the authors have experimented ionophoresis with a new product:
      orgoteine a dismutase superoxide. Austrian authors have already demonstrated the
      value of this product. Its mechanism of action is still uncertain but it has an
      experimentally well demonstrated antiinflammatory activity. The good results are
      obvious not only on the pain, but also on the induration and incurvation,
      permitting the resumption of sexual intercourse in more than 75% of cases.

PMID- 3382164
TI  - [Priapism after cavernography. Report of an original case].
AB  - The authors report a case of priapism following cavernography with secondary
      fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa demonstrated histologically. They stress the
      importance of a rigorous cavernography technique which must take account of the
      respective tissue toxicity of the various contrast media used.

PMID- 3382165
TI  - [Urology and organ procurement].

PMID- 3382166
TI  - [Medical conglomerates].
AB  - Community hospitals is undergoing rapid consolidation into network of private
      corporations providing health care services. So, the industrialization of health
      care lead to mega corporate health care. The multi-nationalization of U.S. multi
      health care systems as HCA or Humana, has began at the end of the 70. The impact
      of this phenomena on the French health care system will be important. In order to
      protect technological independence and to integrate physicians into medical
      industrial complex, we have to create european multi-health systems.

PMID- 3382167
TI  - [Apparently isolated tumors of the adrenal gland. Apropos of 12 cases surgically
      treated].
AB  - 12 patients with an adrenal tumour were observed in the absence of any known
      history of neoplasm at the stage of dissemination. In 9 cases the tumour was
      discovered accidentally. On the basis of the conclusions of the histological
      analysis following surgical exploration, the authors define the respective
      advantages of various examinations: laboratory assays, ultrasonography, CT scan,
      NMR and discuss the management of chance discovery of an adrenal mass.

PMID- 3382168
TI  - Trigeminal evoked potentials following brief air puff: enhanced signal-to-noise
      ratio.
AB  - Trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSEPs) were studied by using fast
      rising air puffs generated by a high-speed air control system. Within 100 ms, air
      puff stimulation of the face elicited three negative and three positive
      components over the contralateral, as well as the ipsilateral, sensory area. The
      air puff TSEPs showed a uniform change in peak latencies and amplitudes as a
      function of stimulus intensity. The bilateral distribution of the TSEPs stands in
      sharp contrast to the exclusively contralateral distribution of the SEPs to
      stimulation of the hand. Air puffs evoked a larger response than electrical
      stimulation, although the latency remained the same. Unlike electrical stimuli,
      air puff induces neither stimulus nor muscle artifacts. This, combined with the
      higher amplitude of the recorded response, enhances the signal-to-noise ratio.

PMID- 3382169
TI  - Plasmapheresis and Guillain-Barre syndrome: analysis of prognostic factors and
      the effect of plasmapheresis.
AB  - The time course of recovery in the Guillain-Barre syndrome is known to vary
      widely, but factors associated with differences have not been previously defined.
      In this study we used multivariate analysis to identify such factors and to
      determine whether the presence or absence of specific factors would influence
      treatment decisions, particularly the use of plasmapheresis. Data from 245
      patients randomized into conventional and plasmapheresis arms were used to assess
      the time to walk independently (Grade 2), the time to improve one grade, and the
      percentage improved at 4 weeks. Individually, many factors were associated with
      outcome. In the multivariate analysis, four factors correlate with poorer
      outcomes: mean amplitude of compound muscle action potential on stimulating
      distally of 20% of normal or less, older age, time from onset of disease of 7
      days or less, and need for ventilatory support. The most powerful predictor of
      outcome was the abnormal mean amplitude of compound muscle action potential on
      stimulating distally. Plasmapheresis, the only variable the physician can
      influence, has a beneficial effect over and above any or all of these factors.
      The plasmapheresis patients on continuous flow machines had better outcomes than
      those on intermittent flow machines. From these data, tables of expected outcome
      probabilities have been developed.

PMID- 3382170
TI  - Motor conduction studies in Guillain-Barre syndrome: description and prognostic
      value.
AB  - The North American study of plasmapheresis in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
      included early, standardized electrodiagnostic testing in 210 of the 245
      patients. To determine the types of abnormalities and the relation to outcome, we
      analyzed the prospectively collected motor conduction data obtained during the
      first 30 days of illness. For each parameter of motor conduction data, means were
      computed based on institutional normal data. Mean distal motor and F wave
      latencies commonly were abnormal in these early studies. In univariate analysis,
      mean compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude from distal and proximal
      stimulation and mean motor conduction velocity were found to be related to the
      four predetermined outcome measures. In multivariate analysis of the motor
      conduction parameters, mean distal CMAP amplitude was the single best predictor
      of prognosis; other measures did not add to its predictive value. In further
      multivariate analysis of all factors relating to outcome, mean distal CMAP
      amplitude was determined to be the most powerful predictor of outcome, followed
      by plasmapheresis. These two factors were always statistically significant over
      and above all other variables. Our results indicate that prognostic information
      can be obtained from motor conduction studies even when performed early in the
      course of GBS; a mean distal CMAP amplitude of 0 to 20% of the lower limit of
      normal is associated with a markedly increased probability of a poor outcome.
      Nevertheless, even in patients with a low mean distal CMAP amplitude, the
      predicted outcome is improved with plasmapheresis therapy.

PMID- 3382171
TI  - Successful chemotherapy for recurrent malignant oligodendroglioma.
AB  - Eight consecutive patients with recurrent malignant oligodendroglioma were
      treated with systemic chemotherapy. Six patients received a combination of
      procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine; 1 received carmustine (BCNU),
      and 1 diaziquone. All responded by clinical and computed tomographic scan
      criteria. One patient had a complete response for 78 weeks, and 7 patients had
      unequivocal partial responses lasting 30+ to 68+ weeks. Two partial responders
      had complete control of systemic metastases. Malignant oligodendroglioma is a
      uniquely chemosensitive glial tumor.

PMID- 3382172
TI  - Aphasia in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.
AB  - We assessed language function, using a brief clinical Aphasia Battery and
      psychometric measures, in 150 subjects with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
      (SDAT) and 83 elderly controls. Aphasia occurred only in demented subjects, and
      its prevalence increased with severity of dementia. Aphasia in mildly demented
      subjects was associated with both an earlier age of onset and more rapid
      progression of SDAT than in similarly demented nonaphasics. Language dysfunction
      in SDAT subjects was characterized by early decline in measures of comprehension
      and written expression, whereas other components, including oral naming, were
      less profoundly affected. Performance on the verbal psychometric measures, the
      Sentence Repetition and the Token tests, correlated strongly with Aphasia Battery
      scores and declined only minimally in nonaphasics, despite increasing dementia.
      We conclude that aphasia is a common feature of SDAT subjects and identifies a
      subgroup with more rapid progression of dementia. Furthermore, it represents
      language-specific dysfunction beyond the global cognitive impairment of SDAT.

PMID- 3382173
TI  - Alz-50 antibody recognizes Alzheimer-related neuronal changes.
AB  - Alz-50 is a monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present in
      Alzheimer's disease. Unlike conventional pathological stains that reveal only
      neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), Alz-50 recognizes neurons that
      contain NFTs and additional neurons that do not. Our investigation of the
      topographical distribution of both NFT-containing and non-NFT-containing neurons
      recognized by Alz-50 reveals that they are both found primarily in certain
      cytoarchitectural areas and lamina that have been established as consistent sites
      for NFT pathology. Some of the neurons recognized by Alz-50 appear
      histopathologically normal. We suggest that Alz-50 recognizes an antigen in
      neurons that both precedes and accompanies NFT formation. Thus, it may mark a
      point early in cellular pathology before irreversible cytoskeletal and
      degenerative changes occur.

PMID- 3382174
TI  - Clinical and neuropathological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: the role
      of vasculitis, heart emboli, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
AB  - We reviewed the medical records and autopsy reports of 50 patients with systemic
      lupus erythematosus to determine the clinical and neuropathological features of
      this disease. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were found in the majority (74%) of
      the patients, occurring as psychiatric illness only (5 patients), neurological
      disorders only (15 patients), and both together (17 patients). Central nervous
      system (CNS) lesions were present in half the patients; embolic brain infarcts
      (10 patients) and CNS infections (8 patients) were the most common. Cardiac
      sources of emboli were Libman-Sacks endocarditis (5 patients), chronic valvulitis
      (2 patients), and left side of heart mural thrombus (2 patients). There was no
      evidence of active CNS vasculitis. Clinical features of thrombotic
      thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) developed during the terminal illness in 14
      patients, 7 of whom also had pathological evidence of TTP. Correlation between
      neuropsychiatric disorders and brain lesions could be made in approximately half
      the patients. This study indicates that cardiac emboli from Libman-Sacks
      endocarditis and TTP are common pathogenetic factors of CNS disease in systemic
      lupus erythematosus, whereas CNS vasculitis is rare.

PMID- 3382175
TI  - Central pontine myelinolysis after rapid correction of hyponatremia: a magnetic
      resonance imaging study.
AB  - We describe a patient with severe hyponatremia (serum sodium 94 mmol/L) who
      developed encephalopathy and decorticate posturing after a 29 mmol/L rise in
      serum sodium concentration during the first 24 hours of correction. High
      resolution computed tomography of the pons was normal during the first, second,
      and twelfth weeks of the illness. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed
      a pontine lesion consistent with central pontine myelinolysis.

PMID- 3382176
TI  - Seizures following myelography with iopamidol.
AB  - Iopamidol, a water-soluble contrast medium, has been rarely associated with
      seizures. We describe 3 patients (from a series of 785) who had generalized tonic
      clonic seizures after iopamidol myelography. Two of the patients underwent lumbar
      and one cervical myelography. There was a history of seizures in 2 patients, and
      the dose of iopamidol used in the patients who convulsed was high, ranging from
      3,000 to 4,500 mg iodine. Despite the reported low incidence of complications
      with iopamidol, seizures may occur, especially in patients with previous seizures
      and also in those receiving higher doses of iopamidol.

PMID- 3382177
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis following simple, complex partial, and
      generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
AB  - We observed postictal pleocytosis in 7 of 62 cerebrospinal fluid specimens
      obtained from 27 patients with epilepsy. Each patient had a known seizure
      disorder; none had any other cause for the pleocytosis. The maximum number of
      leukocytes was 12/mm3; the maximum number of erythrocytes was 190/mm3. Postictal
      pleocytosis was more common in samples obtained within 12 hours of the last
      seizure. Although previous studies have emphasized that pleocytosis is more
      common after repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures, we found increased
      leukocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid after single simple, complex partial, or
      generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

PMID- 3382178
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid IgG in childhood: the establishment of reference values.
AB  - A retrospective analysis of quantitative and qualitative immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      results from 253 children who were either medically and neurologically normal or
      highly unlikely to have abnormalities of CSF IgG is reported. Normal values in
      this reference population vary with age for CSF/albumin IgG ratio and CSF/serum
      IgG index and are significantly different from the adult reference values. The
      rate of false positivity is lower for quantitative values than for qualitative
      IgG determinations (oligoclonal bands).

PMID- 3382179
TI  - Congenital odontoid aplasia and posterior circulation stroke in childhood.
AB  - Head trauma and vigorous physical activity were followed by delayed-onset
      posterior circulation stroke in a 5-year-old boy with odontoid aplasia and C1-C2
      subluxation. Angiography demonstrated vertebral artery narrowing and occlusion of
      the left anterior-inferior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries. Odontoid
      aplasia and other atlantoaxial dislocations are treatable causes of posterior
      circulation insufficiency in childhood; these defects may be overlooked without
      appropriate radiographic study of the cervical spine using flexion-extension
      views.

PMID- 3382180
TI  - Inflammatory myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis.
AB  - We report on a 12-year-old girl with a severe subacute to chronic bifrontal
      leukoencephalopathy. By clinical, biochemical, radiological, and
      neuropathological criteria, a diagnosis of inflammatory myelinoclastic diffuse
      sclerosis was reached. This is the third fully documented case.

PMID- 3382181
TI  - Prolonged deterioration of ischemic brain energy metabolism and acidosis
      associated with hyperglycemia: human cerebral infarction studied by serial 31P
      NMR spectroscopy.
AB  - We report on a patient with a large ischemic hemispherical stroke studied
      serially by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Persistent hyperglycemia
      was associated with prolonged acidosis in ischemic brain and failure of high
      energy phosphate metabolism to recover. These in vivo human data support the
      concept that hyperglycemia adversely affects ischemic brain metabolism, pH, and
      clinical outcome.

PMID- 3382182
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
AB  - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used in 5 patients with clinically definite
      amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to determine the frequency of central white matter
      abnormalities. Two patients had symmetrical areas of increased signal intensity
      seen on MRI extending from the cortex, through the corona radiata, posterior limb
      of the internal capsule, and cerebral peduncles into the pons. These MRI
      abnormalities presumably relate to the pathological changes observed by others in
      the central white matter of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 3382183
TI  - Systemic sclerosis: another disease with autonomic dysfunction.

PMID- 3382184
TI  - Bethanechol for anticholinergic side effects.

PMID- 3382185
TI  - Leukocyte function in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

PMID- 3382186
TI  - [25th Japan Society for Cancer Therapy Symposium].

PMID- 3382187
TI  - [Surgical treatment of lung cancer for both preserving lung function and
      maintaining radicality--bronchoplastic surgery].
AB  - Fifty cases with lung cancer given bronchoplastic surgery were discussed. Five
      year survival rates of all of the cases, those with squamous cell carcinoma,
      pathological stage I + II cases and absolute curative cases were 36%, 42%, 46%
      and 59%, respectively, excluding operation death and hospital death. These
      results were virtually comparable with those of all of the cases with lung cancer
      which were ever resected in our hospital. The prognosis for cases with
      adenocarcinoma and of cases operated with bronchoplasty was poor because of
      direct bronchial invasion from inter-lobar lymph-node metastasis. Hence, this
      procedure could be better indicated for cases with squamous cell carcinoma,
      direct primary tumor invasion of the bronchus, and these in which absolute
      curative operation could be expected clinically. As is characteristic, suture
      failure occurred in 3 cases, and 2 of them which were followed by pulmonary
      arterial fistula died of massive bleeding. Preoperative BAI (Bronchial Arterial
      Infusion had been performed in all 3 cases. It is suggested that there may will
      be some relation between BAI and suture failure. From the viewpoint of technique,
      both blood supply preserving and tension relaxing procedures are the most
      important to avoid suture failure.

PMID- 3382189
TI  - [Resectability of primary carcinoma of the liver and pancreas, with special
      reference to radicality and functional reserve].
AB  - Resectability was studied in relation to both the functional reserve of the liver
      or pancreas and radicality in 112 cases of primary liver cancer and 34 cases of
      pancreatic head cancer resected in our department over an 11-year period. 1.
      Primary liver cancer: In extended hepatectomy including one segment beyond the
      tumor-bearing area, recurrence rate was low with a high long-term survival rate
      of more than 3 years, although hepatic insufficiency occurred frequently. In
      limited resection of the segment of the tumor or enucleation, many patients died
      due to recurrence within 2 years, except for those with small liver cancers. 2.
      Pancreatic head cancer: Extended surgery especially total pancreatectomy, had
      higher radicality with a higher 3-year survival rate than for the standard
      operation, even in case of advanced stage III or IV cancer. However, extended
      surgery produced a high incidence of postoperative fatty liver due to disturbance
      of pancreatic exo- and endocrine function, and severe diarrhea following
      dissection of the nerve plexus. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable
      operative method upon consideration of both radicality and functional reserve of
      the liver or the pancreas.

PMID- 3382188
TI  - [Endoscopic therapy of gastrointestinal cancer and its curability].
AB  - Endoscopic laser therapy was applied to the patients with early gastric cancer in
      surgically high risk. Results were as follow. (1) 31 lesions of 23 patients with
      early gastric cancer were treated by endoscopic Nd-YAG laser irradiation. About
      76% of lesions were removed completely. (2) The laser therapy was effective in
      the cases of elevated type, small type, mucosal type and well differentiated type
      of the early gastric cancer. (3) According to statistical study of early gastric
      cancer operated in Japan, metastasis to regional lymph-node occurred in 4% of
      mucosal cancer. But lymph-nodes metastasis could not be found in the cases of
      pedunculated protruded type early cancer, II a type mucosal cancer smaller than
      1cm, and II c type well differentiated adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosal
      layer with no ulceration. (4) There was no major complication in our therapy.
      Endoscopic Nd YAG laser therapy seems to become one of the therapeutic choice for
      small early gastric cancer (m) in elderly or critically ill patients.

PMID- 3382190
TI  - [Nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy].
AB  - The neuroanatomy of the pelvic space was studied in order to clarify the course
      of cavernous nerves responsible for erectile function. The cavernous nerves
      travel along the dorsolateral portion at the base toward the apex of the
      prostate, then penetrate urogenital diaphragm at the lateral aspect of the
      membranous urethra. According to the anatomical findings, nerve-sparing radical
      prostatectomy was performed through the antegrade approach in 28 patients with
      prostate cancer. No significant surgical complications were encountered in the
      present series. Of the 28, evaluable cases were limited to 22 in terms of
      erection. Fifteen patients (68%) recovered their erectile function after nerve
      sparing surgery. Therefore, the present surgical technique seems to be effective
      for the preservation of male sexual function following radical pelvic surgery.

PMID- 3382191
TI  - [Preservation of function and radicality in radical operation of cancer of the
      uterine cervix].
AB  - Radical hysterectomy is performed in operation for cervical cancers as the
      treatment of first choice and good results here been obtained. However,
      postoperative disturbances remain in almost all patients because of this
      operation, since its range of resection is very wide. To ensure a sound life of
      patients in society after the operation review of treatment methods is demanded.
      There are two kinds of approaches from such a standpoint for cervical cancers.
      The one is recognition of a cervical cancer at such a period as a cure rate of
      nearly 100% is obtained without radical operation (even if the range of resection
      is reduced), establishment of diagnostic method such cancers and study of an
      appropriate operation technique to be performed at this time. The other is
      investigation of a technique in radical hysterectomy in which physiological
      functions are preserved without changes of the radicality of cure. At present
      examination from these two aspects has shown satisfactory results, so that I will
      state these results here.

PMID- 3382192
TI  - [Procedures and results of limb salvage surgery of musculoskeletal sarcoma].
AB  - During the 8-year period beginning 1979, 116 cases of musculoskeletal sarcoma
      were treated by limb salvage operation. Of these, the local recurrence rate was
      9% and the postoperative metastatic rate was 28%. The limb salvage rate was about
      80%. Limb salvage procedures were generally performed using curative surgical
      procedures without preoperative adjunctive therapy. However, reduction of the
      surgical margin to achieve local cure was made possible by combined therapy with
      preoperative adjunctive chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The wide procedures
      combined with preoperative adjunctive therapy achieved a local curability rate
      equal to curative procedures. Marginal procedures following preoperative
      radiotherapy were also undertaken in those cases in which the tumor was located
      in an area for which curative or wide procedures were not feasible. Also, similar
      procedures were performed for patients of advanced age, patients with lung
      metastasis, patients who refused ablative surgery, and for extirpation of lymph
      node metastases. Accordingly, we were able to determine which procedures best
      ensure local curability. Also, the most significant prognostic factor was found
      to be local recurrence caused by inadequate surgical margin. This was especially
      true in the treatment of high malignant sarcoma. Moreover, from analysis of
      recurrent cases, the suggested factors contributing to local recurrence were: the
      invasive character of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, skip metastasis, tumor
      dissemination due to pathological fracture, previously performed inadequate
      surgery, venous invasion, and multicentrical occurrence of certain tumors.

PMID- 3382193
TI  - [Surgery of malignant parotid tumors].
AB  - Surgical treatment of malignant parotid tumors was described from the viewpoints
      of radical cure and postoperative function. The function of the parotid gland is
      originally the secretion of saliva, but this is generally compensated for by the
      remaining major and minor salivary glands. Therefore, postoperative dysfunction
      involves possible facial palsy, deformity of the face and Frey's syndrome due to
      extirpated gland parenchyma and surrounding tissues. For these reasons,
      preservation of the facial nerve is required and resection of the gland should be
      as limited as the condition demands. If these procedures are impossible, plastic
      surgery such as nerve grafting and skin or musculocutaneous flaps is utilized.
      Postoperative irradiation is not applied except for unusual cases. Because
      malignant tumors of the parotid gland are histologically and biologically very
      different, preoperative examination is important for select the subsequent
      treatment. Superficial parotidectomy for a tumor in the superficial lobe and
      total parotidectomy for one in the deep lobe is the general concept adopted
      today. However, uniform application of this concept does not seem to
      simultaneously fulfil both purposes. In order to satisfy radical and functional
      results, delicately applied surgical techniques applied to individual cases are
      recommended according to the findings of appropriate preoperative and
      intraoperative examinations.

PMID- 3382194
TI  - [Type-oriented surgery of oral cancer based on its clinical staging and
      histological grading].
AB  - Type-oriented surgery for oral cancer according to its clinical staging and
      histological grading were applied for a total of 204 cases of oral squamous cell
      carcinoma. These cases were classified not only by staging (St.) into 111 at St.
      I, II and 93 at St. III, IV, but also by grading (Gr.) into 33 of Gr. 1, 80 of
      Gr. 2, 69 of Gr. 3 and 22 of Gr. 4 with a total points system consisting of
      differentiation, mitosis, nuclear atypism, mode of invasion and lymphocytic
      infiltration. The four operation methods used and their indication were local
      excision for St. I, II + Gr. 1 in 33 cases, partial resection for St. I, II + Gr.
      2, 3 and St. III, IV + Gr. 1, 2 in 115 cases, composite operation for St. I - IV
      + Gr. 3, 4 in 52 cases and wide resection for St. IV + Gr. 2, 3 in only 4 cases,
      resulting in observed survival rates of 28/30 (93.3%), 85/106(80.1%), 30/48
      (62.5%) and 3/3 (100%), respectively. The cumulative survival rate estimated by
      staging was 86.7% for St. I, II and 77.6% for St. III, IV. Among these, cases
      with a high grade of histological malignancy (Gr. 4) at any clinical stage had
      the most unfavorable survival rate, 34.7%. Therefore, it should be emphasized
      that composite operation with wide local excision is necessary for such patients
      in order to obtain a better prognosis.

PMID- 3382196
TI  - [Treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome using SM-108 in relation to stem cell
      kinetics].
AB  - Eighteen patients in a high-blast group of myelodysplastic syndrome were treated
      with low-dose SM-108 (4-carbamoylimidazolium 5-olate). Seven of the 18 patients
      (38.9%) achieved a partial response, and 4 (22.2%) achieved complete response.
      Treatment was associated with significant, but transient myelotoxicity. Changes
      in CFU-GEMM clonal growth were examined in bone marrow from patients during the
      treatment.

PMID- 3382195
TI  - [Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with oral administration of N4
      palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (PLAC)].
AB  - A phase II clinical trial on MDS was conducted in a cooperative study with orally
      administrable ara-C analogue, PLAC, which is resistant to cytidine deaminase and
      had shown an anti-tumor activity on various experimental tumors by oral route.
      Fifty MDS (3 RA, 18 RAEB, 11 RAEB-T, 18 RAEB-blast crisis (BC) were treated
      orally with 100 to 400mg/body of daily PLAC. One good response (GR) and 3 partial
      responses (PR) were obtained in 18 RAEB, and 2 complete remissions, 1 GR and 1 PR
      were noted in 11 RAEB-T, while 3 PR were seen in 18 RAEB-BC. Overall CR rates
      were 4%, GR rates 4% and PR rates 14%. Thus, 22% of MDS responded to oral PLAC.
      No clear daily dose-response was noted. Response, however, was dependent on the
      treatment period and was obtained in cases which had been treated for more than
      20 days. Besides myelosuppression, side effects were mainly gastrointestinal, and
      anorexia (32%), nausea/vomiting (30%) and diarrhea (8%) were observed. Oral PLAC
      seems to be active on MDS which does not necessarily require admission to
      hospital.

PMID- 3382197
TI  - [Intensive chemotherapy of refractory anemia with excess of blasts].
AB  - It has been proposed that intensive chemotherapy ror RAEB is dangerous, and a
      small dose of ara-C therapy is recommended in many institutes for its ability to
      differentiate leukemic cells. Combination chemotherapy for RAEB, however, has not
      been completely evaluated. We introduced B-DOMP therapy, which is used in our
      hospital, for RAEB. B-DOMP therapy includes Behenoyl ara-C, daunomycin, oncovin,
      6-MP and prednisolone, which achieved approximately 80% of complete remission of
      ANLL for adults. Five males and one female of RAEB, aged 40-74 (median 70), were
      treated by B-DOMP regimen. Two cases achieved complete remission, 2 remained in
      partial remission and 2 cases died within one month. In three cases, the cause of
      death was fungal pneumonia. It must be stressed that life-threatening pneumonia
      was common after chemo therapy for RAEB, and careful protection against fungal
      infection using laminarair flow is required.

PMID- 3382198
TI  - [Results of left upper abdominal evisceration (LUAE) in diffuse infiltrating
      carcinoma of the stomach].
AB  - Seventy-six (30.6%) out of 248 cases of diffuse infiltrating cancer of the
      stomach according to Kajitani's classification of gross appearance were
      surgically treated by LUAE. The survival rate of LUAE cases was better among both
      relative non-curative cases and Stage IV cases than that among cases treated by
      other forms of surgery. The survival rate of for LUAE cases was slightly better
      for cancer located mainly in the upper and mid-portion of the stomach than for
      cases of diffuse infiltrating cancer not treated by LUAE used as historical
      controls.

PMID- 3382199
TI  - [Radical excision followed by reconstruction of recurrent cancers of the head and
      neck].
AB  - Various modalities of treatment for recurrent cancers of the head and neck were
      studied and discussed, focusing especially on radical excision followed by
      reconstruction. Thirty-two patients with recurrent cancer of the head and neck
      were given this treatment over a 12-year period. Pectoralis major myocutaneous
      flap was most commonly used for reconstruction, while free latissimus dorsi
      myocutaneous flap with microneurovascular anastomosis was used for total cheek
      defect after surgery for cancer of the maxillary sinus. Five-year survival was
      62% in cases of radical excision followed by reconstruction. Simple resection of
      recurrent lesions was conducted in 36 cases and the 5-year survival was also 62%.
      Radical neck dissection was performed in 22 cases in which cervical node
      metastases developed after control of the primary tumor, and the 5-year survival
      was 52%. On the other hand, the 5-year survival was not obtained in cases treated
      with radiotherapy alone in this series, while the 5-year survival was only 1% in
      cases treated with chemotherapy alone. It was concluded that surgery was the most
      reliable treatment for recurrent cancers of the head and neck, and that radical
      excision followed by reconstruction played an important role as salvage surgery.

PMID- 3382200
TI  - [The roles of surgery and radiotherapy on the control of maxillary cancer].
AB  - We performed a clinical study on 128 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of
      maxillary sinus who were treated at Sapporo Medical College (SMC) and National
      Sapporo Hospital (NSH) from 1977 to 1985. All patients were treated with the
      combination of external irradiation, surgery and intra-arterial infusion of anti
      cancer drugs. Each patient was grouped according to the variation of surgical
      treatment. Final local tumor control rate was the best in the group of patients
      undergoing radical operation or thorough tumor reduction surgery in each hospital
      (68% in group C in SMC and 62% in reduction surgical level 3 in NSH). No patients
      with a residual tumor after primary treatment were salvaged by any secondary
      treatment. Eleven out of 30 patients with a local tumor recurrence were salvaged
      by the second treatment. The salvage rate in the patients with a minor recurrence
      which might be resected by minor surgery was better than with a major recurrence
      which might be treated by a wide resection (80% and 28%, respectively). 3
      patients with a local recurrence were treated by the combination of the surgery
      and brachytherapy, and encouraging results were obtained in these patients.

PMID- 3382201
TI  - [Local forms of the treatment of recurrent breast cancer].
AB  - Recurrent breast cancer was classified into the following three groups; I: local
      skin (chest wall) recurrence including regional lymph nodes (61 cases), II:
      distant metastasis (93 cases), and III: local plus distant metastasis (33 cases).
      In this study, the results and evaluation of local forms of treatment for these
      recurrent breast cancers were analysed. Radiation therapy and surgical resection
      were mainly used for 61 patients with local recurrence at the primary site (32
      skin, 24 lymph node and 5 skin plus lymph node). In most cases, however, various
      systemic treatments were combined or given consecutively. Response rate to
      radiation was high. The five-year survival rate after therapy for recurrence was
      17% for radiation, 24% for resection with or without combination therapy and 14%
      for combined or other treatments. Surgical resection produced more long-term
      surviving patients. The solitary large nodule type of skin recurrence showed
      better prognosis than multiple small nodules or the diffusely infiltrating type.
      Recently, wide excision of the anterior breast wall with reconstruction has been
      performed and this contributes to improving the quality of life and survival. In
      addition, it is important that local treatment for recurrent breast cancer should
      be conducted along with a multidisciplinary approach using systemic combination
      therapy.

PMID- 3382202
TI  - [Local treatment of locally recurrent breast cancers].
AB  - For the treatment of recurrent breast cancer, surgical treatment of the local
      lesion is only of limited significance, leaving a major role for systemic
      treatment such as chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Therefore, a new method of
      local treatment other than surgical removal alone, or systemic treatment of these
      locally recurrent breast cancers is required. For the treatment of locally
      recurrent breast cancer, intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed
      through both the internal mammary artery and subclavian artery or individually.
      Fourteen cases of locally recurrent breast cancer in our hospital were treated
      with this therapy. Continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil and intermittent
      injections of mitomycin, adriamycin or 4'-epi-adriamycin were jointly or
      individually done into each artery. Regression of the locally recurrent mass was
      periodically measured from 4 to 6 weeks after infusion. The percentage of
      patients with PR was 35.7%. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is a useful
      preliminary procedure for systemic treatment of local lymph node recurrence from
      breast cancer. A treatment involving local infusion of the non-specific immuno
      activators, OK-432 and PSK, has also been performed for local recurrent lesions
      of breast cancers. We injected OK-432 and 5% PSK solution into patients with
      locally recurrent breast cancers and studied their suppressive effect on tumor
      proliferation. Macroscopically, PR was noted in 3 of 12 patients given OK-432.
      CR+PR were obtained in 9 of 12 patients given PSK. These results suggest that
      local injection of OK-432 and PSK solution is beneficial in the management of
      nodular or scattered-type locally recurrent tumors except for infiltrating type.

PMID- 3382203
TI  - [Significance of combination therapy involving aggressive resection and arterial
      infusion in hepatic metastasis from colo-rectal cancer].
AB  - During the past 13 years, 125 patients with liver metastasis from colorectal
      cancer underwent hepatic resection. Among these patients, 90 received potentially
      curative hepatectomy except for twelve patients who received curative hepatectomy
      combined with hepatic arterial infusion therapy and 23 patients who received non
      curative surgery. The results of surgical treatment, and modes of recurrence
      following hepatectomy were studied in these 90 patients. The overall 5-year
      survival rate was 38.6%. Recurrent tumor developed in 59 patients, 42 being found
      in the remnant liver (47%), 15 in the lung (17%) and 8 at the primary site. The
      survival rate of the 43 patients who received systemic chemotherapy after
      hepatectomy was similar to that of the 24 patients who received no chemotherapy.
      According to this analysis, we have designed a chemotherapy protocol involving
      infusion through hepatic artery using on Infusaid port, to prevent regrowth in
      the remnant liver and pulmonary metastasis. In our program, MMC 10mg and 5-FU 750
      to 1,000 mg/body were given through the Infusaid port, and HCFU 400 mg orally.
      Although the follow-up period has been short, no regrowth in the remnant liver
      has developed in 12 patients who received this treatment.

PMID- 3382204
TI  - [Local chemo-hyperthermotherapy of recurrent rectal cancer].
AB  - Local radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was performed on
      five patients with pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer. Relief of pain was
      obtained in all four patients with uncontrolled pelvic pain due to recurrent
      rectal cancer. In some patients, CEA levels of peripheral blood were decreased
      and tumor necrosis was proved histologically. These results suggest that this
      combined therapy may be useful for patients with pelvic recurrence of rectal
      cancer.

PMID- 3382205
TI  - [Orthopedic local treatment of metastatic bone tumor].
AB  - Since 1971, we have treated 76 patients with metastatic bone tumor. Forty-eight
      of 76 cases were treated surgically. In 34 cases, removal of metastatic foci of
      the spine was attempted from the anterior and/or posterior approach. In the
      remaining 14 cases, resection of the tumor with or without prosthetic
      replacement, osteosynthesis, or amputation was performed according to the site of
      bone metastasis. In cases of spinal metastasis, if foci were located anteriorly,
      resection and replacement of vertebral body by ceramic spacer and/or bone cement
      was effective for both relief of pain and reduction of paralysis. If foci were
      located posteriorly, however, the results of simple laminectomy were poor, and
      those of spinal instrumentation in addition to laminectomy were satisfactory. In
      the treatment of metastatic foci of pelvis, scapula and long bone, the results of
      orthopedic surgery were satisfactory, because relief of pain and maintenance of
      function were achieved in almost all cases. From the standpoint of prolongation
      of life, 15 out of 76 cases (20%) were alive with or without disease; 13 of them
      were treated not only surgically but also by radiation and/or chemotherapy.

PMID- 3382206
TI  - [Eight-MHZ RF hyperthermia in urological malignancies].
AB  - Eight-MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia (H) using Thermotron-RF8, and its
      combination with irradiation (RH), anticancer drugs (CH) or anticancer drugs plus
      irradiation (CRH), were carried out for a total of 93 urological malignancies: 19
      cases of renal cancer, 3 of renal pelvic cancer, 4 of ureteral cancer 39 of
      bladder cancer, 8 of prostatic cancer, 14 of metastatic lesion of urological
      cancers and 6 of other urological cancers. All had failed in previous treatments,
      or had not undergone surgery because of their poor general condition. Nine cases,
      including 1 of renal cancer, 1 of ureteral cancer, 4 of bladder cancer, 2 of
      prostatic cancer and 1 of metastatic lesion of bladder cancer, were treated with
      (H). Fifty cases, including 4 renal cancer cases, 20 bladder cancer cases and 6
      prostatic cancer cases, were treated with (RH). Eight of the 19 cases of renal
      cancer were treated with mitomycin C-microcapsule (MMC-mc) embolization prior to
      radiohyperthermia (CRH). The remaining 6 cases of renal cancer received
      embolization with MMC-mc followed by RE-heating (CH). Eighteen of the 48 cases of
      urothelial cancer or its metastasis, including 1 of renal pelvic cancer, 15 of
      bladder a cancer and 2 of metastatic lesion of bladder, received a combined
      treatment of intravenous THP-adriamycin, one of the derivatives of adriamycin and
      RE-heating (CH). In the remaining 2 cases, one received (CH), and the other
      received (CRH). Hyperthermia was given twice a week for a total of 10 sessions in
      5 weeks. Intratumoral temperature was kept above 42.5 degrees C for 30 to 40
      minutes during a one-hour heating. Complete tumor regression was obtained in 9
      bladder cancer cases. Partial tumor regression, defined as a regression of 50% or
      more, was obtained in 17 cases. A pain relief was attained in 18 of 23 patients
      with intractable pain due to local tumor infiltration. As side effects, mild skin
      burns were observed in 21 cases. Ten obese cases, having subcutaneous tissue 15mm
      thick or more, developed fat tissue induration after treatment.

PMID- 3382207
TI  - [Hyperthermia in gynecological malignancy].
AB  - This paper mainly reports our clinical findings so far obtained from
      thermotherapy performed as part of a multimodality treatment for gynecological
      malignant tumors. In our thermotherapeutic method, microwaves at 2.45 GHz were
      applied for superficial tumors and RF waves at 13.56 MHz capable of warming
      deeper lesions were locally applied, whereas 70-80 MHz radial-type waves were
      regionally administered when heating of the entire pelvic cavity was required.
      However, only three of 103 patients were given thermotherapy alone, 47 were given
      combined chemotherapy, 47 were given radiotherapy and 6 were given both
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The microwave heating was mainly combined with
      chemotherapy, and when the results obtained from chemotherapy alone were compared
      with those of thermochemotherapy in the same regimen, the group treated with
      thermochemotherapy was found to have a more favorable chemotherapeutic effect and
      prognosis. RF radial-type hyperthermia with radiotherapy was proved to be more
      effective for reduction of tumor size and histopathological effect than
      radiotherapy alone.

PMID- 3382208
TI  - [Experimental and clinical studies on laserthermia in head and neck cancers].
AB  - A synthetic ceramic probe allows a wider angle of irradiation and diffusion of
      low power energy, below 3W, using an interstitial technique for producing local
      hyperthermia of Nd: YAG laser (Laserthermia). We studied the influences of this
      laserthermia procedure in experimental animals and patients with head and neck
      cancer. The histological findings after laserthermia in the rabbit tongues showed
      no marked tissue damage in the heated area. Biochemical analysis of arachidonic
      acid cascade metabolites in these tissues revealed an immediate increase of 12-,
      15- HETEs and PGE2 and 3 at days after hyperthermia, but at 8 days these
      metabolites returned to control levels. The effectiveness of laserthermia on
      human thyroid cancer implanted in nude mice was compared with that in cisplatin
      treatment and in combined therapy with both. The most predominant effectiveness
      was found in the animals receiving therapy combining cisplatin and laserthermia.
      Laserthermia in combination with radio-chemotherapy was applied in 21 cases with
      head and neck cancer. Good efficacy was obtained in 17 patients, especially in
      those with oropharyngeal cancer, showing CR in 4 cases and PR in 13 cases.

PMID- 3382209
TI  - [Results of thermoradiotherapy of deep-seated tumors and problems in the
      evaluating its effects].
AB  - The results of thermoradiotherapy for deep-seated tumors indicated that 15% of
      the affected patients achieved CR and that the response rate (CR plus PR) was
      58%. However, in some of the tumors which did not regress sufficiently, no
      regrowth was observed during follow-up. Furthermore, post-treatment CT scan
      revealed low-density areas occupying as much as 80% of the tumor area in 4 of 13
      PRb tumors and 5 of 15 NRs. The appearance of these remarkable low-density areas
      on CT might be specific to thermotherapy, since it is uncommon following
      radiation therapy alone. Fifteen PR or NR tumors were resected and subjected to
      histopathological examination. It was found that cancer cells remained mainly in
      the tumor periphery in 12 of the 15 tumors while none were present throughout the
      entire tumor in the remaining 3 (2 PRbs and one NR). It was concluded from these
      results that it was possible to achieve local tumor control following
      thermoradiotherapy not only in CR tumors but also in some PRs or NRs which might
      remain unchanged in size but show prominent low-density areas on CT scan during
      follow-up. Accordingly, this suggests that the effects of thermoradiotherapy for
      deep-seated tumors should be evaluated on the basis of not only tumor regression
      but also the appearance of these low-density areas on post-treatment CT.

PMID- 3382210
TI  - [Problems of hyperthermia in deep-seated tumors].
AB  - The results of the combined use of radiotherapy and hyperthermia for 27 cases of
      deep-seated tumors were evaluated, and the clinical efficacy of hyperthermia was
      summarized as follows: 1) Tissue image and size of tumor: Adenocarcinoma: 21
      cases, 78%; and tumors 6 cm or larger: 22 cases, 83%. With radiotherapy alone,
      local control was impossible. 2) Effectiveness of treatment in terms of tumor
      size before and after treatment: CR 3 cases, PRa 7 cases, PRb and NA 8 cases
      each, and NE 1 case. Thus, the effectiveness of the combined use of hyperthermia
      is confirmed. 3) Treatment effectiveness was not correlated with temperature of
      tumor and thermal dose. Measurement of the deep-tissue temperature and its
      display must be fundamentally considered. 4) With deep-seated tumors, it is
      difficult to determine the effectiveness of the treatment accurately merely by
      the change in tumor size. In many cases, a large low-density area could be
      detected inside the tumor even though the size was not changed on the CT image.
      Standard judgement of treatment effectiveness must be determined on the basis of
      the change in CT image quality and histological findings of tumor. 5) Irradiation
      with 5000 to 7000 rads was performed in all CR and PRa cases. An adequate
      irradiation does is required, because it is applied to radioresistant cancer.
      Conformation radiotherapy is especially required, whereby X-rays are concentrated
      on the target region without irradiating important organs.

PMID- 3382211
TI  - [Clinical results and problems of total-body thermochemotherapy].
AB  - The clinical results and problems of extracorporeally-induced total-body
      thermochemotherapy (TBHT) for recurrent cancer are presented. A total of 127
      hyperthermic treatments were performed in 45 patients who had undergone
      unsuccessful conventional systemic anticancer chemotherapy. Partial response was
      observed in 11 of 34 evaluable patients (32%). In analysing the anticancer
      effects of TBHT according to cancer site, a high efficacy was observed in
      patients with their main tumor in the lung, liver and lymph nodes. The anticancer
      effects were most enhanced when TBHT was performed in combination with cisplatin
      and 5-fluorouracil. In order to augment the anticancer effects of TBHT, the
      choice of combined agents and administration timing are important. A useful
      method for determining the thermochemosensitivity of individual cancer cells to
      agents selected for drug treatment is the human tumor clonogenic assay.
      Furthermore, the usefulness of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive chemotherapy
      during TBHT for augmenting selective drug delivery to cancer tissue is stressed.

PMID- 3382212
TI  - [Indications and problems of endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal tract
      cancers, with special reference to early gastric cancer].
AB  - We carried out a clinicopathologic and endoscopic investigation of the
      relationship between the presence/absence of lymph node or distant metastasis and
      several crucial factors using resected specimens of early gastric cancer, and
      concluded that endoscopic treatment was indicated for four types of early gastric
      cancer: 1) type IIa less than 2 cm in size, 2) focal cancer, 3) so called
      "gastritis-like" early cancer less than 2 cm in size and 4) polypoid type with
      mucosal involvement. Up to now, cases of early gastric cancer have been treated
      by polypectomy, strip biopsy and laser endoscopy. Residual cancer cells were
      found in 10 out of 20 resected cases. In 2 out of 54 cases followed up for more
      than one year without any surgical treatment, cancer cells were discovered by
      biopsy. The effectiveness rate was estimated to be 84% (62/74). Endoscopic
      treatment was able to provide high efficiency for early gastric cancer of the
      above types. Causes of ineffectiveness were a lesion more than 2 cm in size,
      vertical invasion of the lesion into the submucosa and the location of a lesion
      in a difficult area such as the prepylorus or the cardia.

PMID- 3382213
TI  - [25th Japan Society for Cancer Therapy Symposium].

PMID- 3382214
TI  - [Indications for and limitations of HpD photodynamic therapy for esophageal
      cancer and gastric cancer].
AB  - HpD photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on 4 patients with superficial
      esophageal cancer, 20 patients with 22 early gastric cancer lesions and one
      patient with advanced gastric cancer. About 50 h before irradiation, 3 mg/kg of
      HpD or 1.3-2.5 mg/kg of Photofrin II was injected intravenously. The entire
      lesion including a 5-mm border of normal surrounding mucosa, was irradiated with
      an argon dye laser at 630nm wavelength with an output of 100-400mW at the tip of
      the fiber. Complete response (CR) to HpD-PDT was obtained in 2 of 2 mucosal
      esophageal cancers, and one of 2 submucosal lesions, totalling 3 of 4, and in 13
      of 13 mucosal gastric cancers and 7 of 9 submucosal lesions totalling 20 of 22.
      The depths of cancer involvement were determined endoscopically. In Borrmann 1
      lesion with muscularis externa involvement, in spite of two trials with HpD-PDT,
      only partial response (PR) was obtained. Tumor laser dose had to be more than 90
      J/cm2, and in several cases combined hot biopsy with electrodiathermy and/or
      repeated HpD-PDT was needed to obtain CR. HpD-PDT is indicated for superficial
      esophageal cancer and depressed and/or assembled protuberant-type of early
      gastric cancer with poor risk.

PMID- 3382215
TI  - [Radical endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer-indication for and
      evaluation of endoscopic resection].
AB  - In the endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer, it is absolutely necessary
      to adapt a radical approach. The indication for this technique in 545 surgically
      resected cases of single gastric cancer was studied and technical evaluation was
      made of endoscopic resection (ER) in 98 of early gastric cancer lesions. Except
      for 2 special lesions of early gastric cancer, invasion depth m and sm minute
      invasion [sm(+)] cancer did not show lymph node metastasis [n(+)], but this was
      recognized in sm(++) cancer showing more than moderate invasion and which was
      deeper than pm cancers. The applicable lesions were selected excluding the n(+)
      risk group with invasion deeper than sm(++) based on histological type,
      macroscopic type, size and the presence or absence of ulcers(Ul). These were
      differentiated type II a less than 2 cm in size, differentiated type Ul(-) II c
      of less than 1 cm and undifferentiated type Ul(-) II c of less than 5 mm in areas
      excluding the fundic gland mucosa. Our method of ER is endoscopic double snare
      polypectomy. II a or II c lesion is artificially squeezed into a pedunculated
      form. The cutting snare is placed over the peduncle, the grasping forceps are
      replaced with another snare to grasp the tumor firmly. Then cutting snare is
      applied to include sufficient normal mucosa surrounding the lesion and
      coagulating current is passed through to slowly resect the ared. The 1st-ER
      healing ratio, remnant ratio and recurrence ratio of standard ER in 55 II a and
      30 II c lesions were 83.5, 12.9 and 3.5% respectively. The recurrent cases were
      retrospectively found originals in the remnant. Among remnant and recurrences,
      the 2nd-ER healing ratio was 43% (6/14) and surgically treated cases were 8 (6
      inapplicable cases), the final ER healing ratio being 90.6% and satisfactory.
      Most of the remnant lesions were II a of more than 2 cm, and II c of more than 1
      cm for differentiated type and II c for undifferentiated type. As ER could not be
      applied to these lesions, its indication was confirmed to be technically
      satisfactory.

PMID- 3382216
TI  - [Endoscopic therapy of early gastric cancer by strip biopsy].
AB  - Strip biopsy is carried out in accordance with the principle of endoscopic
      injection and polypectomy. By using strip biopsy, the full thickness of the
      mucosa is removed, including the submucosal layer, largely without risk, even in
      cases of depressed or flat lesions. We have applied this procedure to the therapy
      of early gastric cancer. Its most valuable aspect is that the resected tissue is
      collected and the efficacy of the therapy can be evaluated from both macroscopic
      findings and histological sections. We have applied strip biopsy in 133 cases
      involving 137 lesions of 8 early gastric cancer, of which 65.0% were totally
      resected using only the strip biopsy technique. Other cases were treated
      surgically or subjected to additional endoscopic therapy. sixteen cases were
      confirmed to have been perfected resected by stomach surgery. Another 71 patients
      who were not candidates for surgery because of their physical condition have been
      followed endoscopically for 2 to 48 months, but there has not been any
      recurrence. On the basis of this study, we believe that the strip biopsy therapy
      of early gastric cancer should be evaluated in addition to surgical therapy,
      especially in cases of small lesions localized only in the mucosa.

PMID- 3382218
TI  - Surgical treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors of the shoulder girdle.
AB  - Data on ninety-seven patients with tumors of the shoulder girdle underwent
      surgical treatment at Fukuoka University Hospital from August 1972 to September
      1987 were analyzed. Fifty-six of these 97 consecutive patients with bone tumors
      (60) or soft tissue tumors (37) were treated surgically. Six patients were given
      an intra-arterial high-dose of adriamycin preoperatively. The 36 treated with
      simple resection or curettage and bone graft for benign tumor showed no evidence
      of local recurrence, except for 3 patients with bone cyst, Among the 20 treated
      with wide resection (limb salvage operation) for locally aggressive benign or
      malignant tumors, 11 patients (55%) were disease-free after a median follow-up of
      18 months (among the 7 with primary malignant tumor 3 patients were continuously
      disease-free, 2 were disease-free after treatment of a local recurrence and 2
      died.) Functions of the shoulder were studied in 12 patients who had undergone
      limb salvage operation. We wish to stress the importance of reconstruction of
      shoulder stability to preserve functions of the elbow and hand, particularly when
      diseased bone has been removed. If intra-articular resection can be accomplished
      for tumors of the proximal humerus, constrained total shoulder arthroplasty is an
      effective method of reconstruction of the surgical defect, yet will lead to
      preservation of a stable shoulder in patients whose deltoid muscle and axillary
      nerve have been spared. Preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy will increase
      the disease-free survival time and the percentage of functional limb saving
      procedures.

PMID- 3382217
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of endoscopic therapy for early gastric cancer by diathermic
      polypectomy, Nd; YAG laser irradiation and heater probe].
AB  - Forty early gastric cancers (37 cases) were treated endoscopically by diathermic
      polypectomy and Nd; YAG laser irradiation. In 23 cases of protruded early gastric
      cancer, 16 cases were treated by diathermic polypectomy only, 2 cases by Nd; YAG
      laser only and 5 cases underwent combination therapy with both procedures.
      Endoscopic treatment was successful in 20 cases, but surgery was performed in two
      cases with cancerous invasion or lymph vessel infiltration at their cut ends
      after polypectomy. Local recurrence occurred in a case of submucosal involvement
      6 months after combination therapy. In excavated early gastric cancers, 17
      lesions of 14 cases were treated by Nd; YAG laser irradiation. Although 13
      lesions disappeared successfully after laser treatment, cancers remained in 3
      lesions with submucosal involvement after several irradiations. Local recurrence
      was experienced in a lesion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma three months
      after treatment. In addition, a heat probe unit for hemostasis was applied for
      endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer and found to be effective for cancer
      of the mucosal layer. Among other early gastric cancers, endoscopic treatment is
      indicated for differentiated adenocarcinomas which are less than 2 cm in size and
      confined within the mucosal layer.

PMID- 3382219
TI  - [Surgical treatment for bone and soft tissue sarcomas of the shoulder part].
AB  - Since 1977 we have treated 18 bone sarcomas and 16 soft tissue sarcomas of the
      shoulder part. For 10 bone sarcomas of the proximal humerus, four fore-quarter
      amputations, two curative wide resections, and four wide excisions were performed
      as radical operations. The reconstructive procedures after the six resections
      were two spacer insertions, one total shoulder replacement, and three arthrodeses
      with autografts. Considering the functional result, the arthrodesis is the most
      recommended method. For eight bone sarcomas of the scapula, three total
      resections and four partial resections of the scapula, and one debulking
      operation were performed. For 16 soft tissue sarcomas, we performed two ablative
      operations, three curative wide resections, five wide excisions, and six
      conservative operations after adjunctive chemo-and/or radiotherapy. Among all 34
      bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the success rate for limb salvage was 74%, while
      the recurrence rate was 18%. The functional result of the limb salvage operations
      was far better than that of ablative operations of the shoulder part. In fact the
      rate of satisfactory ADL (excellent and good) was 81% among the limb salvage
      cases, while for ablative operations, the ADL ratings were all poor.

PMID- 3382220
TI  - [Indications for thoracotomy in pulmonary metastatic sarcoma and its prognosis].
AB  - Between 1960 and 1987, 46 patients underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary metastatic
      sarcoma. The histologic classification of the sarcoma was osteosarcoma in 33
      patients, other malignant bone tumors in 6 and soft tissue sarcoma in 7. The
      cumulative five-year survival rate of the 33 patients with osteosarcoma was 23%.
      Ten patients survived more than 3 years and 8 of them are still alive without
      pulmonary metastasis. Prognosis was significantly better with intensive multidrug
      chemotherapy. In this series, prognosis was not significantly related to the
      interval from initial onset to initial treatment, that from initial treatment to
      pulmonary metastasis and that from pulmonary metastasis to initial thoracotomy.
      The five-year survival rate of the 6 patients with other malignant bone tumors
      was 35%, and that of the 7 patients with soft tissue sarcoma 26%. Good
      indications for thoracotomy in pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma are: (1) the
      primary sarcoma is resected, (2) the interval from initial treatment to pulmonary
      metastases is more than 6 months, (3) the number of pulmonary metastases is less
      than 4 or 5 nodules, and (4) the number and diameter of pulmonary metastases is
      controlled with chemotherapy within 2 or 3 months after occurrence of metastasis.

PMID- 3382221
TI  - [Surgery for spine tumors].
AB  - One hundred and nine patients with spine tumors were treated surgically at Chiba
      University Hospital and Chiba Cancer Center in 1977-1987. The primary spine
      tumors included 9 chordomas, 6 myelomas and 5 giant cell tumors. The metastatic
      spine tumors were from primary lesions of the lung, breast, kidney, thyroid,
      prostate, and unknown origin. Fifty-eight patients were treated surgically by the
      posterior procedure, 18 with the anterior procedure and 33 with the combined
      anterior and posterior procedure. According to Frankel's classification, changes
      in neurological status were evaluated. In the patients classified as degree A, B
      or C by Frankel's classification before surgery, 56% showed improvement of
      neurological deficit. With regard to pain, about 90% of patients treated with
      surgical decompression and stabilization had pain relief, although only 42% of 21
      patients given laminectomy alone experienced pain relief. Among the patients
      treated with the anterior procedure or combined anterior and posterior procedure,
      60% of non-ambulatory patients were ambulatory after surgery, but in patients
      treated with the posterior procedure, only 48% of non-ambulatory patients were
      ambulatory after surgery. In planning of the surgical treatment of spine tumors,
      immediate surgical decompression and stabilization should be indicated before
      complete paralysis develops due to rapid deterioration of neurological status,
      after which the anterior approach for anterior lesions and the combined approach
      for extensive lesions is indicated.

PMID- 3382222
TI  - [Indication and method for surgical treatment of metastatic spinal tumors].
AB  - We studied 38 patients with metastatic spinal tumors and discussed the
      indications and methods for surgical treatment. Metastatic spinal lesions were
      from carcinomas (31 cases) and sarcomas (7 cases). 20 patients underwent
      conventional decompressive laminectomy, 10 patients were treated by posterior
      decompressive laminectomy with stabilization, which included Harrington or Luque
      instrumentation. The remaining 8 patients were treated by anterior decompression
      and stabilization. Anterior decompression and stabilization (effective cases
      87.5%) were better than the other procedures (effective cases of posterior
      decompressive laminectomy and stabilization: 70%: that of conventional
      laminectomy: 30%) to sustain relief of pain and reduction of paralysis. Our
      surgical procedures were palliative and directed at relief of pain and prevention
      of neurological deterioration. But our results suggested that the spinal column
      stabilization was worthwhile in treatment of metastatic spinal tumors.

PMID- 3382223
TI  - [Operative treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors involving pelvic region,
      especially retroperitoneal area including lumbar region].
AB  - During the past 17 years, 35 of 60 patients with malignant bone and soft tissue
      tumors of the pelvic and surrounding tissues, were treated surgically. There were
      13 bone tumors and 22 soft tissue tumors, There were 12 recurrent cases and 23
      non-recurrent cases with cumulative 5-year survival rates of 20% and 70%,
      respectively. In the tumors involved even in the iliolumbar area, curative
      resection was difficult with poor prognosis. Serious complications also developed
      with high incidence immediately after operation, including ileus, severe
      infections and postoperative bleeding. When the affected limb was preserved, many
      difficulties were encountered in functional recovery. Therefore, we combine
      preoperative radiation and intra arterial infusion for the prevention of
      recurrence at the resection margin. However, we have not obtained completely
      satisfying results. Operations involving these tumors should be performed in
      cooperation with other fields.

PMID- 3382224
TI  - [Reconstruction of the pelvic ring based on classification following resection of
      bone tumors].
AB  - Bone tumors in the pelvis (28 cases), which had been treated surgically were
      classified into types I to V and their subtypes A and B, according to the
      location and range of tumor resection, and were assessed with regard to both the
      method of reconstruction used and restoration of function. Type I-A, -B (6 cases)
      did not require any reconstruction of the pelvic ring. However, with type I -B,
      some difficulty was experienced in maintaining balance upon sitting for a long
      period. Type II (3 cases) included cases of resection of the anterior part of the
      pelvis, resulting in loss of ring continuity, but reconstruction was not
      necessary. In type III -A, the acetabulum excluding the hip joint (1 case) was
      resected and arthrodesis of the ilium and the femoral head performed. In type III
      -B the acetabulum with the hip joint was resected (2 cases) followed by
      replacement of the pelvis and hip joint with an artificial prosthesis. Type N
      included cases (5) of partial (-A) or total (-B) sacroiliac resection, both of
      which needed massive bone grafting to reconstruct the pelvic ring. Type V (7
      cases) required partial (A) or total (B), resection of the sacrum dynamic
      reconstruction by spinal instrumentation and massive bone grafting. Among 13
      cases of primary malignant bone tumors for which tumor resection was performed, 3
      cases recurred. This classification was useful for comparing the surgical
      modalities of tumor resection, reconstruction and their functional results. Our
      method of total sacral resection was also introduced.

PMID- 3382225
TI  - [Surgical treatment for malignant soft tissue tumors of the hip].
AB  - Surgical treatment for malignant soft tissue tumors has resulted in a marked
      improvement in the grading of lesions, utilizing the surgical staging system
      introduced by Enneking. We attempted to divide malignant soft tissue tumors of
      the hip into four compartments; the anterior compartment, medial compartment
      including the neovascular bundle, posterior compartment including the sciatic
      nerve, and intra-bony lesions with tumors. A lesion localized in the anterior
      compartment would be resected with a wide margin. For resection of a lesion
      localized in the medial compartment, vascular reconstruction must be performed
      with replacement using artificial vessels for the femoral vein and the saphena
      magna femoral artery. As for the posterior compartment, for the lesions are
      easily resected with or without the sciatic nerve. In the last compartment of
      intra-bony lesions, disarticulation or endoprosthesis replacement after wide
      resection surgery must be performed. In such cases, musculocutaneous
      reconstruction may be needed.

PMID- 3382226
TI  - [Internal malignancies and skin lesions].
AB  - Skin lesions are commonly classified according to their origin as follows; skin
      lesions induced by internal malignancies, skin lesions as part of a syndrome,
      nonspecific lesions and complications of internal malignancies, but with an
      unknown relationship, so-called Bowen's disease, and Paget's disease. These skin
      lesions consist of various kinds and are multiple. Commonly, the disease which is
      detected seems to be an immunological reaction to internal malignancy; malignant
      acanthosis nigricans and dermatomyositis are examples of this. In the early stage
      of internal malignancies, it is important to detect the relations hip between the
      malignancy and accompanying skin lesions.

PMID- 3382227
TI  - [Gastrointestinal carcinoma with skin diseases from the standpoint of surgery].
AB  - We encountered 21 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma accompanied with skin
      diseases such as acanthosis nigricans, dermatomyositis, pemphigoid,
      erythrodermia, ichthyosis vulgaris, herpes zoster, Leser-Trelat's sign,
      Recklinghausen's disease and Gardner's syndrome. We have discussed such cases
      from the standpoint of surgery. There were 16 cases (76%) with gastric carcinoma,
      which were almost in the far advanced stage. Carcinomas of the other patients
      were seen in the esophagus, liver, pancreas, small intestine and rectum. Although
      skin lesions appeared before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in almost all
      cases, detection of carcinomas was very difficult until the symptoms emerged. In
      6 of 21 patients (29%), carcinomas were detected by only skin manifestation, and
      they proved to be gastric cancer in all cases. Although the relationship of
      gastrointestinal carcinoma and skin diseases was unclear, we presented a 70-year
      old woman with acanthosis nigricans accompanied with gastric cancer, whose skin
      manifestation was reduced by the therapy for gastric cancer. Therefore, some of
      these skin manifestation may be a symptom of the biological characteristics of
      the gastrointestinal carcinoma.

PMID- 3382228
TI  - [Useful cutaneous markers of internal malignancy in the early stage].
AB  - Numerous skin changes are correlated with internal malignancy. These skin changes
      are collectively called dermadromes of internal malignancy or syndroma dermato
      tumorale. The skin markers of internal malignancy can be classified into 1) skin
      metastasis, 2) paraneoplastic dermatoses, 3) cutaneous manifestations of the
      systemic carcinogenic disease process and 4) cancer-malformation syndrome. For
      diagnosis of the early stage of internal malignancy, paraneoplastic dermatoses
      are the most important among other skin changes. Above all, dermatomyositis,
      figurate erythemas, erythroderma and a number of bullous dermatoses (e.g.,
      bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris and dermatitis herpetiformis, Sweet'
      syndrome, pruritus, prurigo, acanthosis nigricans, Leser-Trelat sign, alopecia
      mucinosa, acquired ichthyosis, Bazex' syndrome, hypertrichosis aquisita
      lanuginosa) are among the paraneoplastic dermatoses. A total of 405 cases of
      syndroma dermato-tumorale except cases of skin metastasis were reported for
      recent 7 years (1980-1986) only in the dermatological field in Japan. Among them,
      cases of paraneoplastic dermatoses number 354 accounting for the majority.
      Finally, brief consideration is given to the relationship between the above
      mentioned skin manifestations and internal malignancy.

PMID- 3382229
TI  - [Statistical study of metastatic skin cancer--interrelation of the origin of
      primary tumor, metastatic skin lesions, prognosis and histopathology].
AB  - Seventy-five cases of metastatic skin cancers, collected from 15 institutions in
      West Japan, were included in this study. The most frequently occurring primary
      tumors were carcinoma of the lung (31%) and carcinoma of the stomach (20%).
      Metastatic lesions of lung cancer were common on the neck, face and scalp. The
      anterior part of the abdomen was the most common metastatic site for stomach
      cancer. The average interval between the appearance of the skin lesion and the
      detection of the primary cancer was 20 months. Of 23 patients with lung cancer,
      and of 15 patients with stomach cancer, cutaneous metastasis preceded
      documentation of the primary tumor in 10 cases of lung cancer and 4 cases of
      stomach cancer. Three of these 4 cases were signet ring cell carcinoma. The
      average survival after the development of cutaneous metastasis was 11 months. In
      13 cases of lung cancer, it was 4.7 months. The average interval between the
      appearance of skin lesions and death in 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma
      of the lung was 0.8 months.

PMID- 3382230
TI  - [Cutaneous-internal malignancy syndrome associated with specific skin lesions].
AB  - Skin changes associated with internal malignancies can be classified into five
      groups: 1) cutaneous metastasis from internal malignancies, 2) non-specific
      reactional skin changes caused by toxic or allergic processes due to these
      malignancies, including pruritus cutaneous, urticaria and so on, 3) specific skin
      changes or diseases closely related to the malignancies, including acanthosis
      nigricans, dermatomyositis, Leser- Trelat syndrome, 4) the syndrome caused by
      simultaneous effects of oncogenesis both on the skin and on the internal organs,
      including multiple Bowen's disease, and 5) congenital hereditary syndrome,
      including Gardner syndrome, Torre syndrome. It is appropriate for the cutaneous
      internal malignancy syndrome to include above groups 3) 4) 5), because of the
      close and specific interrelation between the skin changes and internal
      malignancies. Two cases of glucagonoma syndrome, 2 cases of dermatomyositis with
      malignancy and one case of Leser- Trelat syndrome were described as typical
      cutaneous-internal malignancy syndrome. Characteristics findings of these skin
      changes suggest the presence of particular internal malignancies in cases, and
      the study of the etiologic process of these skin changes will be useful in the
      basic oncological investigation.

PMID- 3382231
TI  - [Evaluation and consideration of BRM-BRM and HDP (host defense potentiators)].
AB  - It should first be stressed that the term BRM is wrong and unscientific, since
      this would include potassium cyanide or cancer chemotherapeutics in the strict
      sense of the term. Therefore, in this article we discuss the evaluation of Host
      Defence Potentiators (HDP). IL-2 or TNF should not be included as HDP because
      their action is local and not selective to cancer cells, similar to the case of
      cancer chemotherapeutics. IL-2 is not useful without the presence of IL-2
      responsive cells in the host. The most important facet of the action of HDP is to
      increase the response of the host to cytokines or other bioactive substances
      according to the degree of maturation, differentiation or proliferation of
      responsive cells in the host defence mechanism. Lentinan appears to represent a
      unique class of HDP, markedly potentiating host resistance to cancer and
      bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and shows prominent antitumor activity
      in syngeneic and autochthonous hosts, suppressing chemical and viral oncogenesis.
      The most important target of HDP is complete prevention of recurrence after
      "curative" surgery fundamentally through growth inhibition and regression of a
      small number of autochthonous tumor cells scattered in the host. Considering the
      excellent end-point results for phase III advanced and recurrent gastrointestinal
      and breast cancer, lentinan seems to be the most hopeful drug against cancer
      recurrence. The development of various new types of MDP mediating host
      homeostasis in the immune, endocrine and nervous systems and nutritional states
      is expected.

PMID- 3382232
TI  - [Evaluation of BRM in skin cancer].
AB  - Biological response modifiers (BRMs) strengthen the host defense
      mechanism/subsequently producing therapeutic effects against neoplastic and other
      diseases. Many kinds of BRM are applied for malignant skin tumors. Administration
      is both systemic and intratumoral, evaluable lesions can be measured in one, two
      and three directions. Furthermore there are also methods for judging the effects
      by clinical symptoms. These involve evaluation of macroscopic effect, from which
      it is possible histopathological judgement. Therefore, the evaluation of effects
      on skin cancer is very complex, and a new method is necessary. Accordingly we
      devised a method of judgement summarizing these evaluation procedures.

PMID- 3382233
TI  - [Anti-cancer effects of BRMs associated with nutrition in cancer patients].
AB  - Nutritional deficiencies are believed to be instrumental in producing reduced
      immune responses in a variety of animal species. Malnutrition may result in an
      increase or a decrease in immune functions, depending upon its degree, and also
      the timing and severity of the nutritional protein deprivation. Our experimental
      data suggest that there is a significant impairment of cytotoxic activity against
      K-562 and of the ability of spleen cells to produce interferon in protein
      deprived mice in comparison with control mice. Paradoxically accelerated tumor
      growth after administration of OK-432 or Lentinan was also noted in protein
      deficient tumor-bearing mice. In addition, a clinical randomized study of
      advanced or recurrent gastric cancer patients treated with MMC and FT(MF) with or
      without lentinan was performed. We recognized excellent end-point results only in
      the lentinan-treated patients with normal protein levels, while no effect of this
      agent was seen in patients with low serum protein levels (below 5.9/dl).
      Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy for cases with distant lymph node
      metastasis was performed under active nutritional support without any depression
      of metabolic and immunological states, resulting in a good 5-year survival rate
      (36.9%).

PMID- 3382234
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for esophageal
      carcinoma].
AB  - Surgical treatment is the most effective therapy for esophageal carcinoma, and
      adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are essential for the improvement of
      postoperative curability. The recurrence of carcinoma after curative surgery is
      often observed in the upper mediastinum and cervical portion. Fifty Gy of
      postoperative prophylactic irradiation has been given routinely and this has
      suppressed the local recurrence of the disease to a remarkable degree. Metastasis
      of carcinoma to internal organs was not controlled by radiotherapy. This occurs
      in the case of undifferentiated carcinoma, severe lymph node metastasis and
      positive invasion to vessels. Cisplatin, vindesine and bleomycin (DVB)
      combination chemotherapy and another cisplatin-based chemotherapy have been
      adapted for postoperative cases such as those in stages II, III and IV with
      radiotherapy. Cases of stage 0 and I with positive carcinomatous invasion to
      vessels have been treated reasonably with anti-cancer agents. Before
      chemotherapy, the anti-cancer activities of the drugs in subrenal capsule assay
      (SRCA) are tested using resected tumors and prospective clinical trials are being
      performed.

PMID- 3382236
TI  - [Progress in the treatment of cervical cancer].
AB  - The cure rate of cervical cancer is undoubtedly improved by early detection
      accomplished by mass-screening programs. Improvements in surgical technique have
      also reduced the incidence of complications. Conization or laser vaporization for
      stage 0 and extended hysterectomy for stage Ia are demonstrated to be appropriate
      treatment modalities. Extended surgery, such as total pelvic exenteration, is
      applied for advanced cancer. For radiation treatment, fast-neutron irradiation,
      intraoperative irradiation and interstitial irradiation have been tested.
      Hyperthermia combined with irradiation is one of the most attractive methods,
      which deserves further investigation. Irradiation of the para-aortic lymph nodes
      has been started by many institutions. Great progress has been achieved in
      chemotherapy for cervical cancer. Multi-drug combination chemotherapy including
      cis-platinum has yielded promising results, and intra-arterial infusion and long
      term maintenance chemotherapy have been tried with the expectation of favorable
      outcome. It is concluded that individualized multi-disciplinary treatment will be
      the best approach for cervical cancer.

PMID- 3382235
TI  - [Studies on the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy with irradiation
      and chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer].
AB  - The effectiveness of a preoperative combination of chemotherapy and irradiation
      on advanced bladder cancer was evaluated. The combination therapy group (Arm I)
      included 21 patients, the preoperative chemotherapy group (Arm II) 14 patients,
      and a group without preoperative treatment, 35 patients. There were no
      distinguishing background factors among the three groups. Chemotherapy included
      vincristine, adriamycin, mitomycin, bleomycin/and 5-FU. A total of 3000 rads was
      irradiated locally, and the results were promising. The Arm I group was superior
      to the other two groups in terms of response rate, histological effectiveness and
      downstaging effects. Also, the 5-year-survival rate for Arm I was much better
      than in the other groups. There were no great differences in adverse effects
      between Arm I and II.

PMID- 3382237
TI  - [Recent progress in cancer therapy in gynecology--endometrial cancer].
AB  - The relative incidence of endometrial carcinoma is obviously increasing as a
      disease of post-menopausal women with the ageing of the population in Japan.
      Growth of malignant endometrium tends to develop there both into the muscle and
      into the cavity. However, diagnosis in most cases is made by stage 1a (39.7%) and
      1 b (19.0%) in FIGO classification. In the treatment of endometrial carcinoma,
      even after a simple hysterectomy in 89.2% of total cases 5-year cure rate may be
      reached to 80%, which has compared well with the 60% cure rate for cervical
      cancer. Some fractions of endometrial adenocarcinoma are estrogen-dependent and
      could therefore respond to antagonistic influences of progestogens. In a recent
      understanding, above theoretical grounds for hormone dependency and
      responsiveness of endometrial malignant lesions has been substantiated by data
      provided by steroid receptor determination. The high estrogen and progesterone
      receptor concentrations found in 70% of endometrial adenocarcinoma support the
      principle that endometrial adenocarcinoma is related to abnormal estrogenic
      stimulation. Those cancer are used as a model for in vitro and clinical
      evaluation of progestogen therapy.

PMID- 3382238
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of adriamycin in advanced and recurrent breast cancer (No.
      4)--Joint study by 30 institutes on the duration of remission using various
      maintenance therapies in patients treated with CAF. Clinical Study Group of
      Adriamycin for Breast Cancer in Japan].
AB  - In order to further extend the duration of remission induced by high-dose CAF
      therapy, maintenance therapies based on long-term oral administration of
      cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil (CF) were applied for patients with advanced
      and recurrent breast cancer. The duration of remission was compared by the
      envelope method among the basic therapy (Arm I), Arm I plus intermittent
      administration of adriamycin (Arm II) and Arm I plus tamoxifen from the start of
      high-dose CAF therapy (Arm III). The response rate of 163 evaluable patients in
      30 institutes was 42.1% (27/57) and 44.4% (25/54) for Arm I and Arm II (CAF
      therapy). The rate for Arm III (CAF therapy) was 61.5% (32/52), a little higher
      than that for the other two. As side effects due to the induction therapy,
      alopecia, fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and leukopenia were observed in
      a relatively high proportion of patients. Mean values of CR duration, PR duration
      and the whole duration of remission in responding patients were 14.0
      approximately 21.5 weeks, 24.0 approximately 32.2 weeks and 28.0 approximately
      42.6 weeks, respectively, without any significant difference among the three
      groups given different maintenance therapies. The mean values of survival
      duration in responding patients were 27.1, 22.0 and 17.2 months, respectively for
      Arm I, Arm II and Arm III no significant difference being recognized in this
      point, either.

PMID- 3382239
TI  - [Effect of intra-arterial infusion of adriamycin on locally advanced primary
      breast cancer--third report. Clinical Study Group of Adriamycin for Breast Cancer
      in Japan].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to define the optimal dose and schedules for intra
      arterial administration of adriamycin (ADR) in the treatment of locally advanced
      breast cancer. ADR was given intra-arterially to 110 patients with locally
      advanced breast cancer at a dose of 30 mg/time or 50 mg/time twice or once a
      week, respectively, with a total dose of 150 mg. The local effects and side
      effects of ADR as well as the prognosis were analysed in 91 evaluable cases.
      Overall response rates for ADR were as high as 62.2% (63/91) in the primary
      lesions and 80.0% (40/50) in metastatic lymph nodes. There was no difference in
      the response rate between cases receiving 30 mg and those receiving 50 mg at each
      infusion. However, a significantly higher response rate was noted, in patients
      infused ADR through both the subclavian and internal thoracic arteries (dual
      route group) in comparison with those infused through the subclavian artery alone
      (single route group). Histological effects of ADR on the primary lesion were
      assessed in accordance with the criteria proposed by Shimosato et al. Overall
      histological response rate (greater than Grade II b) was obtained in 29.4%
      (16/51), which was lower than the clinical effects. Histological effects were
      more potent in the 30 mg group than in the 50 mg group, but in relation to the
      route of administration, there was no significant difference between the groups.
      As for side effects, signs of systemic toxicity such as alopecia, leukopenia and
      gastrointestinal disorders were frequently observed, but there was no difference
      between the dose groups, and these side effects were considered to be tolerable.
      Prognostically, 50% survival time was 32.6 months, and the patients who received
      dual-route administration showed better survival.

PMID- 3382240
TI  - [Study on adjuvant immunochemotherapy with long-term OK-432 administration in
      colorectal cancer].
AB  - The effect of OK-432 on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer who had
      undergone surgical resection was studied. As postoperative chemotherapeutic
      agents, mitomycin C and tegafur were administered. The survival time in the OK
      432 group was prolonged in comparison with that in the chemotherapy-alone group
      (control) among patients given curative resection, but not among those not given
      curative resection. The effect of OK-432 was especially significant in patients
      with Dukes C-Stage and Dukes C rectal cancer (p less than 0.05). Moreover, OK-432
      significantly inhibited the recurrence of cancer at the original lesion in
      patients with Dukes C cancer who had received curative resection. These results
      indicate that long-term administration of OK-432 is effective as a postoperative
      adjuvant for curatively resected colorectal cancer, especially Dukes C cancer.

PMID- 3382241
TI  - [Augmentative effects of radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH) combined with
      intraperitoneal (IP) administration of CDDP in ovarian cancer].
AB  - Radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH) was applied to 21 adnexal cancer patients in
      combination with IP administration of CDDP (150 to 200 mg) 2 weeks or more after
      surgery. The instrument used, an OMR-ON HEH 500C, was shown by rectal temperature
      monitoring to produce sufficient intraperitoneal temperature elevation up to 40
      degrees-41 degrees C. The serum level of filterable CDDP after IP infusion of
      CDDP (150 mg) followed by sodium thiosulfate rescue was basically the same
      irrespective of whether RFH was used. It reached a peak level of 2.06 +/- 0.48
      micrograms/ml (n = 8) 1h after IP infusion, and gradually declined thereafter. No
      serious side effect except 3 cases of II- to III-degree burns was recognized. A
      slight increase in the incidence of prolonged vomiting and diarrhea was found
      with the RFH combination. This suggests an exacerbating effect of RFH on
      intestinal damage following CDDP infusion. As for any suppressive effect on
      reaccumulation of ascites, RFH might have a slight benefit in increasing the
      antitumor effect of CDDP in 90% of patients.

PMID- 3382242
TI  - [End result of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oral 5-FU dry syrup in
      gastric cancer].
AB  - The purposes of this administration were to inactivate cancer cells liberated
      from the primary tumor, to prevent them from metastasizing to other organs and to
      treat established metastatic cancer. Sixty-one patients with advanced gastric
      cancer who had received preoperative 5-FU dry syrup administration and who had
      also undergone curative resection between 1976 and 1982, in addition to
      postoperative chemotherapy (more than 20 mg MMC, 5,000 mg 5-FU), (Group A) were
      admitted to the present study. Their survival rate was compared with that of 67
      patients given curative resection for advanced cancer without preoperative 5-FU
      dry syrup, who received the same postoperative chemotherapy only (Group B) during
      the same period. The 5-year survival rate for Group A was 0.55 +/- 0.06, higher
      than the rate of 0.42 +/- 0.06 for Group B. Comparing the 5-year survival rates
      of both groups in terms of clinicopathological factors such as stage of cancer
      progression, serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and lymphangitic and blood
      vessel invasion, the 5-year survival rates for Group A were higher than those for
      Group B. There were significant differences for histological stage III and blood
      vessel invasion between the two groups. From these results, it is suggested that
      preoperative oral 5-FU dry syrup might be effective as an adjuvant therapy to
      surgery for gastric cancer.

PMID- 3382243
TI  - [Comparison of the clinical features of uterine cervical cancers detected by mass
      screening and voluntary visit].
AB  - In order to identify the characteristics of uterine cervical cancers detected by
      mass screenings (mass group), these cancers were compared to cancers diagnosed in
      patients voluntarily visiting medical institutions (voluntary group), and the
      following results were obtained. 1. The mass group tended to show a higher
      incidence of cervical cancer, and the voluntary group had a higher incidence of
      endometrial cancer. 2. In the mass group having cervical cancer, the age was
      younger than that in the voluntary group. Also the incidence of cancer among
      relatives within the third generation and the frequency of previous participating
      in a mass screening were both significantly greater (p less than 0.01), compared
      to the voluntary group. 3. As compared to the voluntary group, many patients in
      the mass group having cervical cancer were asymptomatic and were diagnosed at an
      early stage, and even if symptomatic, there still were more early cancers in the
      mass group than in the voluntary group (p less than 0.01). 4. The incidence of
      lymph node metastases in advanced cervical cancer, that is beyond stage I b, was
      lower in the mass group than in voluntary group (p less than 0.01). 5. Cervical
      cancers in the mass group were surgically treated in 94.2% of cases, and the rate
      was higher than that in the voluntary group. In the surgical treatment, 77.4% of
      cases in the mass group underwent a simple hysterectomy and a semi-radical
      hysterectomy, and the frequency of surgical treatment was higher than that in the
      voluntary group (p less than 0.01). There also was a tendency toward a shorter
      time of operative procedures, less bleeding during operation, and fewer
      postoperative complications. 6. In the mass group having cervical cancers, the
      prognosis was favorable (p less than 0.01). By the clinical stage, in early
      cancers including stage 0 and stage I a, there was no significant difference in
      the prognosis between the mass group and voluntary group, and in the advanced
      cancer, the prognosis was more favorable in the mass group compared to the
      voluntary group (p less than 0.01). Asymptomatic patients had a better prognosis
      than symptomatic patients, and there was no difference between the two groups,
      but among symptomatic patients the prognosis was more favorable in the mass group
      than in the voluntary group.

PMID- 3382244
TI  - [A case of advanced gastric cancer responsive to intratumoral OK-432 injection].
AB  - An 83-year-old patient with advanced gastric cancer was given repeated endoscopic
      administration of OK-432 combined with systemic immunochemotherapy. The cancerous
      lesion gradually regressed following the treatment, and remarkable degeneration
      was observed in many tumor cells. Detailed immunohistochemical examination
      revealed that Leu 7-positive cells had markedly infiltrated the cancerous tissue.
      This finding suggests that NK cells may play an important role in tumor
      regression induced by intratumoral OK-432 therapy.

PMID- 3382245
TI  - [Selective intra-arterial administration of CDDP in a malignant ovarian tumor
      with peculiar ultrastructural findings].
AB  - Selective intraarterial administration of CDDP in combination with sodium
      thiosulfate (STS) was performed in a 39-year-old patient with a malignant ovarian
      tumor suspected of being a malignant granulosa cell tumor. The primary tumor was
      in the left ovary, and there were widespread metastases in the abdominal cavity.
      A total hysterectomy with bilateral adnectomy and partial omentectomy was
      performed. The tumor showed several different histologic patterns, including
      serous papillary cyst-adenocarcinoma and granulosa cell tumor of the
      microfollicular type with Call-Exner bodies in which bizarre nucleoli, deep
      indentations of the nuclear membrane, nuclear bodies, small mitochondria, lipid
      droplets, rER, and ribosomes were noted. Serum markers E1, E2, CA-125 and
      ferritin were elevated. CDDP (total 200 mg) was administered through the
      abdominal aorta, inferior mesenteric artery, and common hepatic artery in
      addition to STS, resulting in higher levels of plasma-free platin to the residual
      tumor. There were hardly any side effects due to this therapy, except for a
      slight upper digestive tract disturbance and anemia. The result of treatment in
      this patient was excellent, there is no sign of recurrence, and the serum level
      of CA-125 3 years after surgery is normal.

PMID- 3382246
TI  - [Analysis of M phase using flow cytometry and its application to chemosensitivity
      tests].

PMID- 3382247
TI  - Neutrophil influx measured in nasal lavages of humans exposed to ozone.
AB  - Neutrophils (PMNs) obtained by nasal lavage were counted to determine if ozone,
      an oxidant air pollutant, induces an acute inflammatory response in the upper
      respiratory tract (URT) of humans. Background data were obtained by the nasal
      lavages from 200 nonexperimentally exposed subjects. Then, using a known
      inflammatory agent for the URT, rhinovirus-type 39, the induction, peak, and
      resolution of an acute inflammatory response was shown to be documented by the
      nasal lavage PMN counts. To determined if ozone induces this response, 41
      subjects were exposed to either filtered air or 0.5 ppm ozone for 4 hr, on 2
      consecutive days. Nasal lavages were taken pre-, immediately post each exposure,
      and 22 hr following the last exposure. Lavage PMN counts increased significantly
      (p = .005) in the ozone-exposed group, with 3.5-, 6.5-, and 3.9-fold increases
      over the air-exposed group at the post 1, pre 2, and post 2 time points,
      respectively. Ozone induces an inflammatory response in the URT of humans, and
      nasal lavage PMN counts are useful to assay the inflammatory properties of air
      pollutants.

PMID- 3382248
TI  - Recall bias in exposed subjects following a toxic exposure incident.
AB  - Attempts to reconstruct health effects following toxic exposure incidents may be
      subject to bias from distorted or incomplete recollection. We examined recall in
      22 of 31 subjects exposed to fumes from ruptured drums containing nitric acid
      during a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-supervised hazardous waste site
      clean up operation in August 1983. Exposed subjects were interviewed by emergency
      room staff immediately after the episode and the next morning by telephone by a
      public health epidemiologist. Six months later, the subjects were again
      interviewed by telephone and asked to report the symptoms they had experienced
      during the incident. For each respondent, symptoms recalled at 6 mo were compared
      to symptoms reported at the time. We found a low level of agreement compared to
      that expected by chance, associated with significant nonrandom differences in the
      distribution of responses consistently favoring selective recall on the later
      interview. We conclude that allowing time to elapse before obtaining data on
      individual symptoms following exposure may lead to a significant bias in
      response.

PMID- 3382249
TI  - A case-control study of renal cell carcinoma in relation to occupation, smoking,
      and alcohol consumption.
AB  - A case-control study based on data from a cancer registry was conducted to
      evaluate the effects of smoking, alcohol use, and occupation on renal cell cancer
      risk. Information was obtained for 326 male and female cases and 978 age- and sex
      matched controls. Elevated risks were identified for cigarette smokers and for
      men employed as truck drivers. No relationship between alcohol consumption and
      renal cancer was observed.

PMID- 3382251
TI  - [Vesicoscrotal hernia].

PMID- 3382250
TI  - A mortality study of lead workers, 1926-1985.
AB  - In a case-control study of 867 deaths between 1926 and 1985 of men who had
      relatively high occupational lead exposure, compared with 1,206 who died during
      the same period, and whose lead exposure had been low or absent, there was a
      statistically significant excess of deaths from cerebrovascular disease between
      1946 and 1965. There were also signs of a decreasing secular trend in the odds
      ratios for deaths from this cause between 1926 and 1985, with no difference
      between the two groups over the past 20 yr. There was no statistically
      significant excess in the number of deaths from malignant neoplasms, either in
      general or for specific sites. Previous evidence of an increased risk of death
      from cerebrovascular disease is therefore confirmed, but it would seem that with
      the introduction of stricter standards of lead control that this has now
      disappeared, as has any marginal risk of death from malignant disease.

PMID- 3382252
TI  - [Isolated extraperitoneal injury of the urinary bladder: review of the literature
      and presentation of cases].

PMID- 3382253
TI  - [Endoscopic suspension of the bladder neck. New treatment of stress
      incontinence].

PMID- 3382255
TI  - [Leukocyte response in patients undergoing extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy].

PMID- 3382254
TI  - [Urologic manifestations of aneurysms of the aorta and iliac vessels].

PMID- 3382256
TI  - [1st year's experience with percutaneous nephrolithectomy. Complications].

PMID- 3382257
TI  - [Spontaneous extraperitoneal rupture of the bladder].

PMID- 3382258
TI  - [Myxoma of the scrotum].

PMID- 3382259
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the urothelium of the rat fetus].

PMID- 3382260
TI  - [Treatment of external condylomata acuminata using neodymium-YAG laser].

PMID- 3382261
TI  - [Fracture of the pelvis and traumatic rupture of the female urethra in
      childhood].

PMID- 3382262
TI  - Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion and infertility in women with
      scleroderma before disease onset: a controlled study.
AB  - A postal questionnaire was used in a nationwide case control study of women with
      scleroderma to investigate whether there was an increased rate of spontaneous
      abortion before the onset of the disease. The results from 155 case control pairs
      studied showed that the women with scleroderma had twice the rate of spontaneous
      abortion and three times the rate of fertility problems (no successful pregnancy
      by the age of 35) of the control women. Previous uncontrolled studies have
      suggested that established scleroderma is associated with an adverse reproductive
      history. The results from this investigation suggest that the adverse
      reproductive history may antedate the clinical diagnosis of scleroderma by many
      years and may possibly have an aetiological role. Such a hypothesis is consistent
      with the, as yet unexplained, marked female excess in incidence of the disease,
      with the peak age of onset occurring shortly after the reproductive period.

PMID- 3382263
TI  - Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from patients with systemic autoimmune
      diseases to DNA alkylation by the methylating carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
AB  - Lymphocytes from patients with various diseases associated with autoimmunity
      showed both impaired capacity to repair O6-methylguanine (a powerful,
      promutagenic, directly miscoding base lesion) and increased sensitivity to the
      cytocidal effects of cellular methylation by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)
      compared with normal controls and patients with other disorders. Defective repair
      of O6-methylguanine was significantly associated with arthritis and myositis in
      the group with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and increased sensitivity to
      the toxic action of MNU was associated with the presence of immune complexes and
      the administration of steroids to patients with Behcet's syndrome. The results
      indicate that lymphocytes from patients with the autoimmune diseases studied are
      more susceptible to DNA damage with possible relevance to aetiopathogenesis.

PMID- 3382264
TI  - P component in the synovium in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
AB  - P component is present in amyloid deposits, normal serum, and normal tissues in
      relation to elastic fibres. Its pathological role in inflammatory synovitis was
      investigated. Its distribution was determined immunohistologically in 33 synovia:
      15 rheumatoid; seven osteoarthritic; seven traumatic controls; and four infected
      biopsy specimens. P component was present in two circumscribed distributions:
      extracellular fibrils in dense fibroelastic tissue of the more fibrotic synovia;
      and in the arterial wall, where it was confined to a single elastic lamina in
      some cases and in others showed reduplication and fragmentation. These were not
      related to amyloid material. It shows no disease specificity, but P component
      categorises the nature of the pathological reaction and is typically in biopsy
      specimens showing the development of chronic fibrosis. There was close
      codistribution of P component with elastic tissue, though this was not absolute.
      P component had a different distribution from C reactive protein (in synovial
      lining cell layer), and fibronectin, which was absent from fibrotic areas.
      Understanding the pathological interactions of P component may help elucidate why
      some synovial reactions remain inflammatory and other progress to chronic
      fibrosis.

PMID- 3382265
TI  - Urinary proteoglycan degradation product excretion in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and osteoarthritis.
AB  - The excretion of sugar components of glycosaminoglycans in the urine was
      investigated in 19 healthy controls, 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and
      24 with osteoarthritis. Both groups of patients excreted significantly more
      glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannose than the controls. The total uronic acid
      excretion, also, was higher in the two groups than in the healthy subjects. The
      possibility of using this method for the long term follow up of rheumatoid
      arthritis and osteoarthritis and the response to treatment is discussed.

PMID- 3382266
TI  - Changes of lymphocyte membrane fluidity in rheumatoid arthritis: a fluorescence
      polarisation study.
AB  - Fluorescence polarisation of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was used to study the
      lymphocyte membrane in rheumatoid arthritis. The increase of polarisation value
      in the patients (n = 27) compared with healthy controls (n = 32) suggests a
      decrease of membrane fluidity. Moreover, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and
      plasma fibrinogen concentrations were positively correlated with lymphocyte
      fluorescence polarisation values (r = 0.66 and r = 0.76 respectively). The
      results suggest that the changes in lymphocyte membrane fluidity could be
      involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 3382267
TI  - Peptic ulcer in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In a study of patients attending a rheumatology clinic 230 unselected patients,
      185 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 45 with other rheumatic disorders (non
      RA), were examined by endoscopy and a detailed history of symptoms referable to
      the gastrointestinal tract was taken. A peptic ulcer was found in 67 (36%) of the
      patients and in 13 (29%) of the non-RA group. Gastric ulceration was more common
      in the group with RA (32 patients (17%) compared with three patients (7%) in the
      non-RA group); 17/32 (53%) patients with RA and gastric ulcer were asymptomatic.
      In the group with RA, of those with gastric ulcer 20/32 (63%) were smokers,
      compared with only 40/118 (34%) of the non-ulcer group. There was no difference
      in the duration of rheumatic disease or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
      (NSAID) treatment between the ulcer and non-ulcer groups. Treatment with H2
      receptor antagonist and maintenance of NSAID treatment resulted in healing in 26
      out of 29 (90%) patients with gastric ulcer and 23 out of 27 (85%) patients with
      duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 3382268
TI  - Alterations in appendicular skeletal mass in patients with rheumatoid, psoriatic,
      and osteoarthropathy.
AB  - Appendicular bone mass was measured in a series of 50 patients with non-steroid
      treated rheumatoid arthritis, 20 with polyarticular seronegative psoriatic
      arthritis, and 30 with osteoarthrosis, and compared with that of 40 controls of
      similar age and sex. Distal forearm bone mineral content was reduced in patients
      with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis and increased in those with
      osteoarthrosis. The increase in bone mass in patients with osteoarthrosis was
      confined to those with isolated large joint disease and was not found in those
      with primary generalised osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 3382270
TI  - Serum and synovial fluid adenosine deaminase activity in patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis, osteoarthritis, and reactive arthritis.
AB  - Adenosine deaminase activity was determined in paired samples of serum and
      synovial fluid taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 12), reactive
      arthritis (n = 13), and osteoarthritis (n = 7), and the value of this
      investigation in the diagnosis of synovial swellings was assessed. Increased
      activity was found in the synovial fluid taken from patients with rheumatoid
      disease and reactive arthritis, though values were less raised in the latter.
      Synovial fluid taken from patients with osteoarthritis did not show significantly
      raised adenosine deaminase activity as compared with that of normal controls (n =
      3).

PMID- 3382271
TI  - Pancytopenia related to azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed pancytopenia during treatment
      with azathioprine 100 mg daily. In one patient this side effect occurred after
      three weeks, in the other after eight weeks of treatment. Rapid fall of platelets
      in one patient necessitated platelet transfusion. In the other patient additional
      treatment with allopurinol was probably responsible for the toxic effect.
      Haematological side effects of azathioprine are discussed.

PMID- 3382269
TI  - Inflammatory joint disease: a comparison of liposome scanning, bone scanning, and
      radiography.
AB  - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis were
      assessed by clinical evaluation, radiography, and joint scintigraphy using
      technetium labelled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and technetium labelled
      liposomes. Although both scanning techniques were more sensitive than radiographs
      in detecting joint disease, the liposomes scans were positive only in clinically
      active inflammatory disease. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis liposome
      scintigraphy was also able to discriminate between different grades of joint
      tenderness. In inactive inflammatory polyarthropathies, although the MDP bone
      scans continued to show increased activity, the liposome scans did not and were
      therefore a more accurate reflection of the clinical state. The increased uptake
      in the liposome scans may be due to incorporation of the liposomes into the
      phagocytic cells of the synovium. This scan may, therefore, by reflecting the
      activity of cells involved in the disease process, provide a useful way of
      assessing disease activity and progression.

PMID- 3382273
TI  - Visual analogue scales: a source of error.

PMID- 3382272
TI  - Intervertebral infection due to Candida albicans in an intravenous heroin abuser.
AB  - A 25 year old woman who had received intravenous heroin over one year previously
      developed an intervertebral abscess due to infection with Candida albicans.
      Immunological investigation of this patient showed no evidence of a specific
      defect in the host response to candida.

PMID- 3382274
TI  - Fatal hypoxemia following mitral valve replacement.
AB  - Patency of the foramen ovale is a common condition. In certain clinical settings
      it permits the development of right-to-left intracardiac shunting. A case is
      described of sudden, fatal hypoxemia due to shunting through a patent foramen
      ovale immediately following mitral valve replacement.

PMID- 3382276
TI  - Aberrant right subclavian artery.

PMID- 3382275
TI  - A rapid method for determining the need for mechanical support of the right
      ventricle.
AB  - Right ventricular failure following cardiac surgery must be rapidly diagnosed and
      treated to minimize injury to the heart. Switching from aortic to pulmonary
      artery perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass is a method of rapidly testing the
      adequacy of right ventricular function and supporting the ventricle if necessary.
      A centrifugal pump has been used for long-term support for two cases managed in
      this manner.

PMID- 3382277
TI  - Professional liability reform.

PMID- 3382278
TI  - Calculation of aorta-pulmonary artery shunt size.

PMID- 3382279
TI  - Repair of fractured wire during sternotomy closure.

PMID- 3382281
TI  - Resection of pulmonary metastases from malignant melanoma: results of a 16-year
      experience.
AB  - Between 1970 and 1986, 49 patients had resection of presumed pulmonary metastases
      from malignant melanoma. Sixteen patients were found to have benign disease only
      despite the appearance of a new nodule in 13. Patients with benign disease had a
      significantly longer mean survival (169 months) compared with the group with
      malignant disease (22 months). Median survival for all patients with malignant
      disease was 13 months. Survival after resection did not correlate with the Clark
      level of the original lesion, lymph node status, disease-free interval, or number
      of nodules on preoperative tomograms. Two of 10 patients with 1 nodule resected
      are long-term survivors (88 and 120 months). Exploration in patients with
      presumed pulmonary metastases from melanoma is justified to rule out benign
      disease even if a new solitary nodule is detected. There are no prognostic
      indicators predicting survival after resection of melanoma metastases, and a
      significant number of patients will have benign disease.

PMID- 3382280
TI  - Impending sudden cardiac death: treatment with myocardial revascularization and
      the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
AB  - Myocardial revascularization and implantation of the automatic implantable
      cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) have individually been shown to improve
      survival in patients after sudden cardiac death. Their combined role has not been
      well defined. Twenty-three survivors of sudden death underwent revascularization
      and AICD implantation at an average age of 59 years. The initial arrest was
      caused by ventricular fibrillation in 15 and ventricular tachycardia in 8.
      Exercise stress tests, ambulatory ECGs, and electrophysiological monitoring with
      programmed electrical stimulation were done preoperatively and postoperatively.
      Follow-up averaged 24 months with a two-year survival of 91%. Eight patients
      (35%) required AICD resuscitation an average of 8 months postoperatively, and
      electrophysiological testing did not accurately predict arrhythmia recurrence.
      The addition of AICD implantation to revascularization substantially improves
      survival of patients with sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 3382282
TI  - Left ventricular aneurysm repair with myocardial revascularization: an analysis
      of 246 consecutive patients over 15 years.
AB  - From 1970 to 1985, 246 consecutive patients with left ventricular (LV) aneurysm
      underwent repair and concomitant myocardial revascularization at Ochsner
      Foundation Hospital. The overall incidence of perioperative death was 7.3%.
      Although the deaths were mainly cardiac related (10/18) with congestive heart
      failure (CHF) as the leading cause (6/10), 8 deaths were of noncardiac origin.
      Perioperative mortality increased significantly in patients with mitral
      regurgitation (MR) (22%; p = 0.0008); perioperative mortality for patients
      without MR was 4.8%. The overall 5-year survival was 69%. Late deaths were caused
      most commonly by myocardial infarction (20/32) with only 7 due to CHF. Predictors
      of long-term survival were related to LV function preoperatively: absence of CHF
      (p = 0.001); LV end-diastolic pressure less than or equal to 20 mm Hg (p = 0.03);
      and ejection fraction greater than or equal to 35% (p = 0.02). Factors that did
      not significantly affect long-term survival were type of aneurysm repair
      (resection or plication), morphology of left anterior descending coronary artery
      (occlusion or stenosis), and size of the aneurysm.

PMID- 3382283
TI  - How far should we go?

PMID- 3382284
TI  - Vena caval involvement with renal tumors: surgical considerations.
AB  - We reviewed the experience at the University of Virginia over the past 10 years
      with renal tumors involving the inferior vena cava. There were 107 patients with
      renal tumors, 41 with invasion of the renal vein and 18 with involvement of the
      inferior vena cava. The groups with and without vena caval tumors were compared,
      and the operative approach is described. Although the rate of complications was
      higher in operations on the vena cava, none were fatal and no patient required
      chronic dialysis. Life-table analysis revealed that patients with involvement of
      the inferior vena cava survived longer than those with incomplete resection.
      Because extraction of these tumors can be accomplished with acceptable morbidity
      and mortality, because complete resection confers a survival advantage, and
      because chemotherapy and radiation are ineffective, we recommend aggressive
      workup and resection of renal tumors involving the inferior vena cava.

PMID- 3382285
TI  - Chest wall resection for Ewing's sarcoma of the rib: an unnecessary procedure.
AB  - Approximately 10% of all cases of Ewing's sarcoma arise from a rib. Conventional
      management has included chest wall resection (3 or more ribs) and radiation
      therapy. These forms of therapy have led to complications such as scoliosis and
      local deformity. The addition of radiation therapy can result in damage to the
      lung and adjacent viscera and also potentiate pulmonary restrictive disease.
      Between 1971 and 1978, 9 patients were treated with surgery, radiation therapy,
      and combination chemotherapy (three- or four-drug regimen). Only 2 patients (22%)
      survive. Since 1979, 14 patients were entered into a new protocol consisting of
      sequential induction chemotherapy, followed by delayed surgical resection
      whenever feasible. Three patients had complete resection of their primary lesion
      at onset. Initially, 7 patients had either biopsy (N = 4) or incomplete chest
      wall resection N = 3). All 4 patients with biopsy only at diagnosis had excellent
      responses to induction chemotherapy, allowing delayed resection of the involved
      rib without chest wall resection. Overall, 12 of 14 patients (86%) treated since
      1979 survive, with only 2 receiving radiation therapy for residual disease in the
      primary rib site.

PMID- 3382286
TI  - Management of postoperative mediastinitis in infants and children by muscle flap
      rotation.
AB  - Between July 1, 1976, and June 30, 1986, at the Henrietta Egleston Hospital for
      Children, 2,242 infants and children underwent palliation or repair of a
      congenital heart defect. Twenty-one (0.94%) of these patients developed
      mediastinitis following a median sternotomy. Nineteen of these twenty-one
      patients had required cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients had positive
      mediastinal cultures. The first 8 patients were managed traditionally by
      debridement and irrigation. Three of these patients suffered serious metabolic
      complications related to the povidone-iodine irrigant, which resulted in 1 death.
      Another patient died from persistent sepsis following debridement. Subsequently,
      13 patients were managed by early debridement and rotation of the pectoralis
      major or rectus abdominis muscle flaps, or both. Following muscle flap rotation
      and early wound closure, 2 patients had subsequent incisional complications. One
      patient had incisional dehiscence and 1 had a superficial skin separation. Two
      deaths in this group, 28 and 51 days, respectively, following muscle flap
      rotation, resulted from nonincisional problems in patients with healed median
      sternotomies. The group having muscle flap rotation required a significantly
      shorter duration of postoperative ventilatory support (3.2 versus 24 days, p less
      than 0.05) and a significantly shorter confinement in the intensive care unit
      (6.2 versus 33 days, p less than 0.01). Also, the physiological and physical
      trauma of continued wound care in the awake child was minimized in the group with
      muscle flap rotation.

PMID- 3382287
TI  - Complement activation in cardiopulmonary bypass, with special reference to
      anaphylatoxin production in membrane and bubble oxygenators.
AB  - Complement activation by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was studied in 82 patients
      divided into membrane (MOG) and bubble oxygenator groups (BOG). The influence of
      primed homologous to circulating autologous blood volume (H/A) ratio was also
      evaluated. C4a increased very slowly during CPB in both groups, maintaining
      slightly higher levels in the BOG than in the MOG, with the exception of a marked
      initial rise in the BOG with a high H/A ratio (greater than or equal to 20%).
      Anaphylatoxin C3a levels increased more steeply in the BOG than in the MOG. An
      obvious rise in anaphylatoxin C5a production was observed in the BOG alone. The
      influence of high H/A ratio perfusion on complement activation was milder in the
      MOG than in the BOG. In 20 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), continuous intraaortic
      infusion with bubbled autologous blood increased C4a and C3a levels, while
      autologous blood extracorporeally contacted with nylon increased C3a levels
      alone. In vitro studies revealed that human immunoglobulin fractions denatured by
      oxygen bubbling produced C4a, C3a, and C5a in a dose-dependent manner, although
      human albumin treated identically as human immunoglobulin did not produce these
      complements. It was thus inferred that (1) during CPB, complement is
      predominantly activated via the classical pathway in the BOG and via the
      alternative pathway in the MOG; (2) higher anaphylatoxin levels in the BOG than
      in the MOG are related to mode and grade of blood trauma; (3) anaphylatoxin level
      differences in both groups tend to increase with high H/A perfusion; and (4)
      immunoglobulin-free sera may reduced classical pathway activation.

PMID- 3382288
TI  - Tricuspid valve replacement using an unstented pulmonary homograft.
AB  - In consideration of the limitations of mechanical and stent-mounted tissue
      valves, a technique was developed for tricuspid valve replacement using an
      inverted pulmonary homograft. It was used successfully in a 4-year-old patient
      operated on for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and in a 3 1/2
      year-old girl with Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 3382289
TI  - Bedside percutaneous tracheostomy: experience with 55 elective procedures.
AB  - Over a 24-month period, tracheostomy was performed in 55 patients using a
      percutaneous, wire-guided, dilatational technique. All such procedures were
      undertaken at the patient's bedside in the intensive care unit, with the patient
      under local anesthesia and mechanically ventilated through an oral endotracheal
      tube. A variety of wire-guides, dilators, and tracheal tubes were used as
      experience and proficiency were gained with the approach, and eventually, a
      simple modification of a standard low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tube was found
      to facilitate the procedure. The percutaneous method was found to be rapid and
      simple, to leave almost no cosmetic deformity, and to be almost totally free from
      infectious complications. This technique should be considered for routine use in
      critically ill, ventilator-dependent patients.

PMID- 3382290
TI  - Tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma: report of 55 cases.
AB  - From 1966 to 1986, a total of 55 patients underwent a tracheal sleeve
      pneumonectomy (53 right and 2 left) for bronchogenic carcinoma. Preoperative
      radiotherapy was given in only 5 patients. The overall operative death rate was
      10.9%, but no patient has died since 1975 (32 survivors). Seven patients had a
      postoperative empyema (12.7%); 4 of these patients had a bronchopleural fistula.
      Twenty-five patients had postoperative radiotherapy, 5 of whom also had
      chemotherapy. The actuarial survival rate, after exclusion of the 6 operative
      deaths, was 38% at 3 years and 23% at 5 years. Survival was correlated to
      regional lymph node involvement. The actuarial survival rate among patients with
      tumoral spread to bronchial lymph nodes was 43% at 3 years. Among the 13 patients
      with only subcarinal involvement, the actuarial survival rate was 34% at 3 years.
      None of the 8 patients with paratracheal lymph node involvement survived more
      than 30 months. These results indicate that tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy for
      bronchogenic carcinoma with extension to the carina is now fully justified
      considering the low operative mortality and the good results observed when
      lateral tracheal lymph nodes were not involved.

PMID- 3382291
TI  - Stent creep of porcine bioprosthesis in the mitral position.
AB  - Stent creep, often associated with valve malfunction, is said to play an
      important role in the long-term performance of a porcine bioprosthesis. We have
      measured the angle of the stent post showing maximal inward bending (IBA) on 44
      mitral porcine bioprostheses. All of them were explanted 1 to 12 years (mean
      explant time, 7.8 years) postoperatively at reoperation. Patients included 19 men
      and 25 women, ranging in age from 24 to 66 years (mean age, 47.2 years). Mean IBA
      was 12.7 +/- 4.2 [SD] degrees in 14 valves implanted for 7 years or less and 16.4
      +/- 5.8 degrees in 30 valves implanted 8 years or longer (p less than 0.05).
      There was no significant difference in IBA among valves based on type (25 Hancock
      valves, 15.0 +/- 4.7 degrees; 10 Angell-Shiley valves, 16.2 +/- 8.6 degrees; and
      9 Carpentier-Edwards valves, 14.4 +/- 3.7 degrees). There was a significant
      difference in IBA based on valve size (37 valves measuring 25-29 mm in diameter,
      16.3 +/- 5.1 degrees; and 7 valves measuring 31 mm in diameter, 9.9 +/- 5.1
      degrees; p less than 0.05). IBA showed a tendency to have a large value in a
      heart with a small left ventricular end-systolic volume. We conclude that (1)
      stent creep is not related to the materials or designs of the stent post, but
      tends to increase with passage of time in place; and (2) compression of the left
      ventricular wall is one of the main causes of stent-post bending.

PMID- 3382292
TI  - Social engineering and the supply of internists.

PMID- 3382293
TI  - Adverse drug event reporting. Improving the low US reporting rates.

PMID- 3382294
TI  - Beyond coronary thrombolysis.

PMID- 3382295
TI  - Residency reform. An urgent necessity.

PMID- 3382296
TI  - National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower. XII. The future of graduate medical
      education in internal medicine: what do program directors predict?
AB  - The 1985-1986 National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower asked directors of
      residency and fellowship programs about their plans to change the size of their
      programs in the near future. The vast majority (71% to 76%) of the directors
      expected their programs to remain about the same size for the next couple of
      years. For fellowship directors, this reflects a decline in the number planning
      to increase their program size since 1976-1977 from 32% to 18%. Directors of
      programs that are principal affiliates of medical schools are more likely to plan
      a decrease, while Veterans Administration directors are more likely to plan an
      increase in program size. The reason residency directors cited most frequently as
      important to their plans to increase program size was a perceived shortage of
      internists. Fellowship directors most frequently cited the need for fellows in
      clinical research. Stipend availability was the most important factor that
      influenced plans to decrease program size. Overall, residency and fellowship
      directors planned to increase the size of their programs around 1%. Program
      directors and others in the internal medicine community should consider how they
      can change the stipend availability, admissions criteria, and other incentives to
      channel trainees into the areas of greatest potential need and demand for the
      profession.

PMID- 3382297
TI  - Efficacy and safety of guanadrel in elderly hypertensive patients.
AB  - Hypertension is common in the elderly and is associated with higher morbidity and
      mortality, which may be decreased by effective blood pressure control. Many
      antihypertensive drugs, however, are not well tolerated by the aged. We treated
      21 patients (ten men and 11 women) between ages 65 and 84 years (mean, 73.6
      years) with guanadrel sulfate. All patients had received prior antihypertensive
      therapy, which either was ineffective or caused undesirable side effects. Average
      follow-up time was 17 months. Mean systolic pressure on enrollment was 188 +/- 17
      mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure was 100 +/- 10 mm Hg. After treatment, the mean
      systolic pressure was 139 +/- 15 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure was 82 +/- 8
      mm Hg. Dosage varied from 5 to 30 mg/d with a mean of 16 mg/d. The only
      significant side effects were fatigue, dizziness, and dyspnea reported in four
      patients. Eleven patients took the medication as monotherapy and ten received
      diuretics or diuretics and beta-blockers as additional therapy. Our conclusion is
      that guanadrel is an effective, well-tolerated medication for treatment of
      hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 3382298
TI  - Congestive heart failure in dialysis patients.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of congestive heart failure in dialysis patients and
      the disorders with which it is associated, 85% of 153 nondiabetic patients who
      were undergoing maintenance dialysis had echocardiography and gated cardiac scan.
      Ten percent (n = 15) had congestive heart failure, 53% (n = 8) of whom had
      dilated cardiomyopathy, and 47% (n = 7) had hypertrophic hyperkinetic
      cardiomyopathy. Ischemic heart disease was an additional independent risk factor
      for congestive heart failure. Significantly more of those patients with dilated
      cardiomyopathy were smokers and none were hypertensive, whereas all those
      patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were hypertensive. The prevalence of
      hypertrophic hyperkinetic disease was 11%, of dilated cardiomyopathy 18%, and of
      symptomatic ischemic heart disease 18%. We concluded that congestive heart
      failure in dialysis patients is associated not only with dilated cardiomyopathy
      but also with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a disease that requires
      echocardiography for diagnosis and that has different risk factors and
      management.

PMID- 3382299
TI  - Quiescent Q fever endocarditis exacerbated by cardiac surgery and corticosteroid
      therapy.
AB  - Q fever endocarditis occurs in up to 11% of patients infected by Coxiella
      burnetti. Major clues for the diagnosis are culture-negative endocarditis,
      hepatic involvement, rash, and thrombocytopenia. Characteristically, the
      diagnosis is delayed. In our patient, Q fever endocarditis occurred without
      previously recorded signs of infection. Fever, rash, and hepatic involvement all
      occurred following aortic valve replacement. The histologic picture of the
      excised valve was consistent with endocarditis, and serologic tests disclosed
      elevated IgA and IgG antiphase 1 antibody titers against C burnetti, compatible
      with Q fever endocarditis. It is assumed that the exacerbation of quiescent Q
      fever endocarditis was caused by cardiac surgery and steroid therapy.

PMID- 3382300
TI  - Treatment limitations in nursing homes in northwest Ohio.
AB  - Eighty-eight nursing homes in northwest Ohio were surveyed by telephone regarding
      the acceptance of "do not resuscitate" (DNR) and "do not hospitalize" (DNH)
      orders. Written protocols addressing these issues were requested, if available.
      Eighty-three of the 88 homes participated in the survey. Seventy-five percent of
      nursing homes accept DNR orders, while 35% accept DNH orders. The most common
      qualifying condition for a DNR/DNH order was the approval of the family. Although
      32 homes stated that they have written protocols, only eight were made available
      for review. The authors concluded that DNR orders are widely accepted in nursing
      homes in northwestern Ohio. However, DNH orders are less likely to be accepted in
      northwest Ohio long-term facilities and the use of written protocols is even more
      limited.

PMID- 3382301
TI  - Factors predictive of acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis.
AB  - In a historical cohort study, acute renal failure developed in 16.5% of 157
      patients with rhabdomyolysis over a two-year study period. Underlying clinical,
      laboratory, and causative factors associated with the development of acute renal
      failure were examined. Factors predictive of renal failure in this setting,
      determined by multiple logistic regression analysis, included the degree of serum
      creatine kinase, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus level elevation; the
      degree of depression of serum albumin level; and the presence of dehydration at
      presentation or sepsis as the underlying cause. The predictive model that was
      developed correctly classified 93% of subjects and was statistically validated.

PMID- 3382302
TI  - Varicella-zoster infection in adult cancer patients. A population study.
AB  - In a retrospective review of varicella-zoster (V-Z) Infections in adult cancer
      patients, 766 episodes of V-Z Infection were studied among 740 patients seen at a
      large comprehensive cancer center from 1972 to 1980. The highest risk of
      infection was present among patients with lymphoma and leukemia. The risk of
      dissemination of V-Z Infection was significantly associated with the presence of
      active tumor at the time of Infection. The site of the primary tumor correlated
      with the site of subsequent zoster Infection among patients with breast cancer,
      cancer of the respiratory tract, and gynecologic cancer. Pain attributable to V-Z
      Infection was present in a large majority of episodes. The median time from the
      completion of therapy to the onset of Infection was seven months for patients
      receiving radiotherapy and less than one month for those receiving chemotherapy.
      Various attributes of this study group were compared with those of previously
      studied cancer and noncancer populations.

PMID- 3382303
TI  - Clinical symptoms and length of survival in patients with terminal cancer.
AB  - Planning terminal care for patients with malignant neoplasms is difficult, in
      part, because accurate measures of prognosis have not been defined. Using data
      from the National Hospice Study, we examined the correlation of 14 easily
      assessable clinical symptoms with survival in patients with terminal cancer.
      Performance status was the most important clinical factor in estimating survival
      time, but five other symptoms had independent predictive value as well (shortness
      of breath, problems eating or anorexia, trouble swallowing, dry mouth, and weight
      loss). We generated four parametric accelerated time survival models to estimate
      survival in patients with combinations of these symptoms and validated the log
      normal model on the entire data set. This model was unaffected by patient age,
      sex, primary tumor type, or site. Our findings illustrate the value of
      biologically "soft" clinical data in predicting survival in patients with
      terminal cancer. The prevalence of similar symptoms among patients with cancer of
      various primary and metastatic sites also supports the concept of a common final
      clinical pathway in patients with advanced malignant neoplasms.

PMID- 3382304
TI  - Physician knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to reporting adverse drug
      events.
AB  - Voluntary physician reporting of adverse drug events (ADEs) in their patients
      remains the single most important source of information on serious and rare ADEs.
      Yet, substantial underreporting exists and the factors producing it are unclear.
      We surveyed 3000 randomly chosen physicians by mailed questionnaire to determine
      their knowledge about the reporting system, attitudes toward reporting, and their
      past behavior in reporting the ADEs they had detected. Responses numbered 1121.
      Only 57% were aware of the Food and Drug Administration's reporting system. While
      418 physicians had detected an ADE in their practices during the previous year,
      only 21 physicians reported these events directly to the Food and Drug
      Administration. The physicians appear to appreciate the safety issues involved in
      prescription drug use and view reporting as a professional obligation; however,
      the current reporting system is considered inconvenient.

PMID- 3382306
TI  - Pyomyositis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle. It is a common
      disease in the tropics; fewer than 50 cases of pyomyositis have been reported in
      the continental United States. Most patients are healthy males, although the
      disease has been reported in diabetics and in the immunocompromised. This article
      presents the first detailed known reported case of pyomyositis in a patient with
      the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Staphylococcus aureus was the etiologic
      agent.

PMID- 3382307
TI  - Are polymorphonuclear leukocytes an abnormal finding in cerebrospinal fluid?
      Results from 225 normal cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
AB  - Although it is often claimed that the presence of a single polymorphonuclear
      leukocyte (PMN) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is abnormal, recently some have
      suggested that a few PMNs are occasionally present in cytocentrifuged
      differential cell counts of normal CSF. We examined 225 consecutive normal CSF
      specimens to determine how frequently PMNs occur in normal CSF and to identify
      factors associated with the presence of PMNs. One or more PMNs were present in 73
      cases (32%). The number of CSF PMNs was strongly correlated with the degree of
      CSF blood contamination and the hematologic PMN count. Of the 163 specimens
      having 25 red blood cells or less per cubic millimeter, only eight (5%) had three
      or more PMNs, and these outliers had abnormally high hematologic PMN counts. Of
      the 36 specimens having 100 red blood cells or more per cubic millimeter, 17
      (47%) had six or more PMNs. We conclude that the number of PMNs found on
      cytocentrifuged differential cell counts is highly dependent on the degree of CSF
      blood contamination and the patient's hematologic PMN count and that even minimal
      blood contamination can result in the presence of one to two PMNs in normal CSF.

PMID- 3382305
TI  - Hospital-acquired infective endocarditis.
AB  - Nosocomial endocarditis occurred in 22 patients who were discharged from a
      university hospital, a veterans' hospital, and a community hospital during the
      period of January 1976 to December 1985. Nosocomial episodes were 14.3% of the
      total endocarditis cases seen. Fourteen (63.6%) of 22 nosocomial endocarditis
      episodes occurred in patients over the age of 60 years, compared with 39 (29.5%)
      of 132 episodes of community-acquired endocarditis during the same period.
      Nosocomial endocarditis was due predominantly to Staphylococcus aureus or
      coagulase-negative staphylococci (77.4%) and, less often, to streptococci
      (13.6%). Intravascular devices were the source of bacteremia in ten (45.5%) of
      the nosocomial endocarditis episodes. The overall mortality rate was 40.9%, 50%
      in patients over the age of 60 years. Improved care of intravascular devices or
      prophylaxis before procedures could probably have prevented endocarditis in 12 of
      the 22 patients.

PMID- 3382308
TI  - Varicella pneumonia.
AB  - Six normal adults with varicella pneumonia were treated successfully with
      acyclovir sodium. All patients showed resolution of roentgenographic and arterial
      blood gas abnormalities. In addition, five of the six patients demonstrated
      thrombocytopenia that resolved with therapy. Intravenous acyclovir therapy should
      be instituted as early as possible in patients who may have varicella pneumonia.

PMID- 3382309
TI  - 'Rhupus' syndrome.
AB  - Occasionally patients with overlapping features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), termed "rhupus," have been encountered. We
      wanted to ascertain the frequency of such patients and determine whether they
      represent a unique overlap syndrome. Of approximately 7000 new patients evaluated
      over 11 years, we identified six patients who had, on the average, 6.7 American
      Rheumatism Association criteria for RA and 4.2 criteria for SLE. Criteria for RA
      included chronic symmetric arthritis with morning stiffness (six patients);
      subcutaneous nodules (two patients); positive rheumatoid factors test (four
      patients); and radiologic erosions (four patients). The criteria for SLE included
      malar rash (three patients); discoid lupus erythematosus (two patients); biopsy
      proved nephritis (one patient); photosensitivity (one patient);
      leukopenia/thrombocytopenia (four patients); positive antinuclear antibodies or
      lupus erythematosus cell test (six patients); hypocomplementemia (two patients);
      and abnormal results from skin biopsy (two patients). During observations of up
      to ten years, the conditions of three patients were stable or improved, one died,
      and two were unavailable for follow-up. Patients usually did not have conditions
      that evolved to classic rheumatic disease patterns. Rhupus was not common and did
      not occur more frequently (0.09% prevalence among our patients) than expected
      from chance concurrence of SLE and RA (calculated at 1.2%). These observations
      confirm that rhupus indeed exists as a syndrome manifested by patients sharing
      features of probable coincidental concurrence of RA and SLE, but not as a unique
      clinical pathologic or immunologic syndrome. Appreciation of these patients with
      rhupus is important since their therapy and outcome differ from those having RA
      or SLE alone.

PMID- 3382310
TI  - Diphosphonate bone scans in patients with polyarthralgias.
AB  - Early detection of inflammatory arthropathy is notoriously difficult with
      standard radiographic techniques. We therefore assessed bone turnover with
      technetium Tc 99m medronate in 16 patients with persistent polyarthralgias who
      had no clinical synovitis, normal radiographs, and nondiagnostic results from
      laboratory evaluations. Abnormal scans were found in 11 of 16; five were
      unremarkable. Scan abnormality corresponded with symptomatic joints (11 of 11
      patients). These 11 patients had normal test results for rheumatoid factor,
      antinuclear antibody, and HLA-B27. Patients with abnormal scans were treated with
      nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or analgesics (11 of 11), hydroxychloroquine
      sulfate (four), or gold salts (one), with improvement (nine of 11); patients with
      normal scans (five of five) were treated successfully with nonsteroidal
      antiinflammatory drugs or analgesics and reassurance. One patient with a normal
      scan developed sarcoidosis; one, hypermobility syndrome; and one, a viral
      syndrome. Two patients had no diagnosis. Abnormal technetium Tc 99m medronate
      scans in patients with previously undiagnosed polyarthralgias suggested
      inflammatory arthropathy and influenced management decisions with favorable
      therapeutic outcomes.

PMID- 3382311
TI  - Cardiac tamponade from misplaced central venous line in pericardiophrenic vein.
AB  - A patient in whom a left internal jugular vein catheter had first migrated into
      the left pericardiophrenic vein, and subsequently had perforated into the
      pericardium leading to a cardiac tamponade is described. Although this
      malposition has rarely been reported, it does not seem to be so infrequent, as
      three other similar misplacements have occurred in our institution. This
      malposition can be prevented by a high degree of suspicion, preferential use of
      the right internal jugular vein for catheterization, routine use of a J-tipped
      guidewire, limiting the depth of insertion of the guidewire during cannulation,
      routine roentgenographic control of radiopaque catheters, and (slow) injection of
      a small volume of radiopaque dye through the central venous catheter.

PMID- 3382313
TI  - Dural trauma during lumbar puncture.

PMID- 3382312
TI  - Toxoplasma peritonitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii was identified in a stained slide preparation of, and isolated
      from, peritoneal fluid specimens obtained from a patient with the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). At the time of admission to the hospital, the
      patient's serologic tests were positive for Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma was isolated
      from samples of the patient's blood by mouse inoculation. Findings of newly
      developed methods for diagnosis of the presence of T gondii in body fluids by
      assay for Toxoplasma-specific antigen and by use of a DNA probe were positive.

PMID- 3382314
TI  - Rifampicin and pulmonary fibrosis.

PMID- 3382315
TI  - Hydrochlorothiazide with or without amiloride for hypertension in the elderly.

PMID- 3382316
TI  - Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary emboli in patients with primary
      and metastatic brain tumors.

PMID- 3382317
TI  - Postural adjustments to head movements in the cat.
AB  - Head movements induced by motor cortex stimulation in the cat are accompanied by
      variations in the vertical force exerted by each limb. These postural responses
      were found to show stereotyped patterns: with head dorsiflexions an increase was
      observed in the force exerted by the anterior limbs and a decrease at the
      posterior limb level. From comparison between the latencies of the force
      variations, the beginning of head acceleration, and EMG activity in the limb
      extensor muscles, it was concluded that triggering of these postural responses is
      not reflex, but depends on the same command as the movement itself. This early
      response might be a means of avoiding the downward movement of the trunk which
      would otherwise result from the reaction force corresponding to the upward head
      movement.

PMID- 3382318
TI  - Increase of paradoxical sleep induced by microinjections of ibotenic acid into
      the ventrolateral part of the posterior hypothalamus in the cat.
AB  - In order to study putative hypothalamic mechanisms of sleep-waking cycle
      regulation we injected a neural cell body toxin--ibotenic acid (IBO), 40 to 200
      micrograms--into the ventrolateral part of the posterior hypothalamus (HVL). This
      injection induced a dramatic biphasic and transient hypersomnia immediately after
      the disappearance of the anesthesia (14 to 24 hours after the injection). The
      duration of hypersomnia was dose dependent. Its first period was characterized by
      an increase in paradoxical sleep (PS) (300%). Then, during the second phase, PS
      disappeared and there was a subsequent increase of slow sleep (SWS) (60%).
      Finally, on the third day, all cats recovered control level of PS and SWS while,
      3 weeks later, the histological analysis revealed the great loss of cell bodies
      in the HVL in all cats.

PMID- 3382319
TI  - Origin, distribution and organization of the serotoninergic innervation in the
      inferior olivary complex of the rat.
AB  - The serotoninergic innervation of the inferior olivary complex of the rat was
      studied using a specific immunohistochemical technique. Fibers and varicosities
      positive for serotonin were present throughout the nucleus. The densest
      varicosities were found in the lateral portion of the dorsal accessory olive and
      the caudal portion of the medial accessory olive. The rostral medial accessory
      olive and the principal olive were sparsely populated with labeled elements.
      Ultrastructurally, labeled profiles were found in close opposition to small
      dendrites and to olivary cell bodies, but they did not display any synaptic
      specialization. Labeled perikaria were found in the periolivary regions, some of
      them located laterally to the olivary complex are responsible for the
      serotoninergic innervation of the dorsal accessory olive; some others located
      dorsally and medially in the nucleus raphe obscurus and raphe pallidus were
      responsible for the innervation of the medial accessory olive.

PMID- 3382320
TI  - Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
      III. A new cohort and evidence for a monoaminergic mechanism.
AB  - We previously reported that compared with normals, patients with chronic
      schizophrenia have reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in dorsolateral
      prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test
      (WCS), a DLPFC-related cognitive task, but not during nonprefrontal tasks, such
      as a simple number-matching (NM) test. We also found that unlike normals,
      patients failed to activate DLPFC during the WCS over their own baseline (NM)
      level. To explore the reproducibility of these findings, a new cohort of 16
      medication-free patients underwent a series of xenon 133 inhalation rCBF studies
      under the following conditions: at rest, while performing the WCS, and while
      performing NM. The results confirmed our earlier findings. In addition, the
      concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of homovanillic acid and 5
      hydroxyindoleacetic acid correlated with prefrontal rCBF during the WCS but not
      during the NM test or at rest. The results show that behavior-specific
      hypofunction of DLPFC in schizophrenia is reproducible, and they implicate a
      monoaminergic mechanism.

PMID- 3382321
TI  - Physiological dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. IV.
      Further evidence for regional and behavioral specificity.
AB  - In previous studies we found that patients with chronic schizophrenia had lower
      regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
      than did normal subjects during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, an
      abstract reasoning task linked to DLPFC function. This was not the case during
      less complex tasks. To examine further whether this finding represented
      regionally circumscribed pathophysiology or a more general correlate of abstract
      cognition, 24 medication-free patients and 25 age- and sex-matched normal control
      subjects underwent rCBF measurements with the xenon 133 technique while they
      performed two tasks: Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and an active baseline
      control task. While performing RPM, normal subjects activated posterior cortical
      areas over baseline, but did not activate DLPFC, as had been seen during the
      Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Like normal subjects, patients showed maximal rCBF
      elevations posteriorly and, moreover, they had no significant DLPFC or other
      cortical deficit while performing RPM. These results suggest that DLPFC
      dysfunction in schizophrenia is linked to pathophysiology of a regionally
      specific neural system rather than to global cortical dysfunction, and that this
      pathophysiology is most apparent under prefrontally specific cognitive demand.

PMID- 3382322
TI  - Impairments on neuropsychologic tests of temporohippocampal and frontohippocampal
      functions and word fluency in remitting schizophrenia and affective disorders.
AB  - Experimental neuropsychologic tests were administered to acute patients with
      schizophrenia and affective psychosis and to normal controls. Patients had
      remitting illnesses. Tests included memory for recurring digit and block spans
      (left and right temporohippocampal), digit and block spans (lateralized
      parietal/frontal), spatial and nonspatial conditional associate learning
      (frontohippocampal), and oral word fluency to letter-designated categories
      (frontal) and semantic-designated categories (left-sided). In 81% of
      schizophrenic patients patterned deficits incompatible with generalized losses of
      function were disclosed. Patterns were heterogeneous and characterized by (1) the
      frequency and severity of left temporohippocampal impairment; (2) asymmetric
      frontohippocampal function such that severity of bilateral impairment was
      associated with poorer nonspatial learning and superior performance with better
      nonspatial learning; (3) syndrome relationships predicted by the hemisphere
      imbalance syndrome model pertaining to positive and negative symptoms and the
      catatonic syndrome; (4) a generalized deficit independent of temporohippocampal
      functions; and (5) no relationship between performance and computed tomographic
      signs or medication. Patients with affective disorders had patterned deficits
      characterized by bilateral impairments that disclosed a preponderance of deficits
      in spatial learning and memory; depressives demonstrated impairments in digit
      span.

PMID- 3382323
TI  - Computed tomographic evidence for generalized sulcal and ventricular enlargement
      in schizophrenia.
AB  - Quantification of ventricular and sulcal volumes from the computed tomographic
      (CT) scans of 45 schizophrenic patients and 57 normal controls was carried out
      using a semi-automated computerized approach. The sizes of all cerebrospinal
      fluid spaces measured were significantly related to age in the control
      population. An age regression model was used to compare patients and controls.
      Schizophrenics had slightly larger ventricles and considerably larger sulci than
      controls. Enlargement of the ventricles and sulci was not correlated with
      measures of negative symptoms or neuropsychological impairment. The CT scans of
      eight very ill chronically institutionalized schizophrenics were also analyzed.
      Their CT findings did not differ significantly from the larger group of
      schizophrenics studied. Our results show that the cerebral atrophy found in
      schizophrenia is diffuse in nature and does not relate clearly to measures of
      disease severity or chronicity.

PMID- 3382324
TI  - Electroencephalographic sleep profiles in recurrent depression. A longitudinal
      investigation.
AB  - The electroencephalographic sleep profile of a group of recurrent depressives who
      had been depressed for less than four weeks was compared with their sleep profile
      in a prior episode of depression. The findings in these 19 cases indicate that
      early in the episode, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep findings are more abnormal,
      including shortened REM latency, REM sleep percent, and REM activity. Other sleep
      variables, such as sleep continuity measures and decreased delta-wave sleep, are
      abnormal in a similar fashion in both episodes. The results are not explainable
      on the basis of clinical severity or number of episodes and call for increased
      attention to the potential relationships between the psychobiological pattern and
      duration and course of the depressive episode.

PMID- 3382325
TI  - Cause the bible tells me so.

PMID- 3382326
TI  - The meaning of full disclosure. Collegial trust in science.

PMID- 3382327
TI  - The development of vasa vasorum of the human aorta in various conditions. A
      morphometric study.
AB  - The developmental behavior of vasa vasorum under various conditions was studied
      on the wall tissues of aorta and great arteries from 29 autopsy cases, where the
      length density (LA) of vasa vasorum in a unit area of wall was determined by
      morphometry. In a control group, LA was found to increase exponentially, along
      with increasing wall thickness D, among arteries from various anatomic sites of
      patients with greatly divergent ages. The regression curve crossed the x-axis at
      D = 0.6 mm, showing that arteries thicker than this have an auxiliary circulation
      by vasa vasorum. The LA was markedly high both in neonates and in patients with
      cyanotic heart anomaly, ie, in conditions where medial cells were sustained under
      reduced oxygen supply. Thus, vasa vasorum were shown to elongate their intramural
      segments in response to the changes of microenvironment in which the medial cells
      are placed, meeting the demand by the cells for increased supply of oxygen and
      nutrients.

PMID- 3382328
TI  - The three-dimensional architecture of vasa vasorum in the wall of the human
      aorta. A computer-aided reconstruction study.
AB  - The three-dimensional architecture of vasa vasorum in the wall of aorta was
      studied by microcomputer-aided reconstruction from serial sections of wall tissue
      in two young individuals submitted to autopsy. The outer media was sparsely
      penetrated by special tunnels containing an arteriole and a venule, which we
      termed a "vascular cord" due to the broad space between neighboring cords that
      contained no capillary network whatsoever. A dense venular plexus was found
      extending along the outer surface of the media, forming a plane of low blood
      pressure. This characteristic pattern of vasculature appeared to provide an
      important basis on which to study the way the medial tissues are sustained.

PMID- 3382329
TI  - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland in intravenous drug users.
AB  - Fifteen partial parotid salivary gland resection specimens interpreted as benign
      lymphoepithelial lesion (BLL) were accessioned by our surgical pathology service
      between January 1983 and December 1986. Twelve of the specimens were removed from
      11 prison inmates referred to our hospital, a patient subgroup constituting the
      source of only 2% of surgical pathology specimens in general. All prison inmates
      with BLL had a history of intravenous drug use, had developed unexplained
      lymphadenopathy concurrently with the parotid gland enlargement, and had
      suspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (serologically confirmed
      in two). Histopathologic features of the parotid gland specimens included
      atypical follicular hyperplasia and follicular involution, resembling lymph node
      changes of HIV infection. The clinical and pathologic findings in these cases
      suggest an association between HIV infection and BLL, and support a previously
      proposed mechanism for the development of BLL through progressive enlargement of
      intraparotid lymph nodes.

PMID- 3382330
TI  - Isolation of genital mycoplasmas and Chlamydia trachomatis in stillborn and
      neonatal autopsy material.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis and the genital mycoplasmas are significantly prevalent in
      sexually active women. How these organisms may affect the outcome of pregnancy
      and the neonate was the principal thrust of this investigation. Placenta, liver,
      and lung tissue were cultured from Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum,
      Chlamydia trachomatis, and aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria in 432 stillborn
      and neonatal autopsies. Genital mycoplasmas were isolated from 36 cases (8.3%).
      Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis were present significantly more often in
      cases with genital mycoplasma than in those without these organisms. Isolation of
      genital mycoplasmas was not associated with an increased incidence of
      intrauterine fetal death, villitis, hyaline membrane disease, congenital
      anomalies, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes in alveolar spaces. Chlamydia
      trachomatis was not found in any of the sites sampled.

PMID- 3382331
TI  - Physician office analyzers. Do they satisfy medically useful criteria for
      analytical performance of laboratory tests?
AB  - The coefficients of variation (CVs) for several tests on physician office
      analyzers were compared with published data for medically useful criteria of
      these tests. Medically useful CVs were based on physicians' opinions of
      significant changes in laboratory tests. Precision studies using control material
      were carried out on four physician office analyzers by both a trained
      technologist and nontechnical personnel, such as physicians, nurses, and medical
      office personnel. This study was carried out during a six-month period. The
      instruments that were evaluated were the Reflotron, Seralyzer, Vision, and DT60.
      Low and high concentrations of quality control material, supplied by the
      manufacturer and those in use in the study laboratory (Omega I and II, Cooper
      Biomedical, Fairhaven, NJ), were used. With few exceptions, all instruments
      satisfied the medically useful CVs criteria, ie, the precision obtained by both
      the technologist and nontechnical personnel either equaled or exceeded the
      precision requirements set by physicians.

PMID- 3382332
TI  - Pitfalls of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip
      joint.
AB  - The efficiency of the routines for early diagnosis and treatment of congenital
      dislocation of the hip joint (CDH) practiced in the 1960s in the city of Goteborg
      were reviewed. Between 1961 and 1970 there were 65,875 live births in Goteborg.
      Eighty-five percent of the estimated number of cases of CDH were diagnosed during
      the first month of life. Of the children "missed" at the primary screening on the
      maternity wards, 75% (15/20) were premature babies and/or had been delivered
      during weekends. In all, 475 newborn children were judged to have unstable hips
      (dislocated or dislocatable hips), corresponding to an incidence of 7.2 per
      thousand live births. In 19 children, abduction treatment with braces commenced
      during the first 10 days of life failed to prevent dislocation. Eighteen of these
      children were treated primarily with a Frejka pillow and one with a von Rosen
      splint. A history of CDH among relatives was obtained in 47% of these 19 children
      including four of five children who had developed pathological hips after
      supplementary treatment with a hip spica cast and/or surgery. Radiological
      examination at the age of 1-4 months was helpful in revealing failure of early
      abduction treatment to prevent dislocation, which in most cases was difficult to
      detect by clinical examination at this early age.

PMID- 3382333
TI  - Intertrochanteric fracture of the hip. Comparison of nail-plate fixation and
      Ender's nailing.
AB  - Between April 1979 and August 1983, 201 patients with intertrochanteric fractures
      of the hip were admitted to Haife Medical Center (Rothschild), Israel. These
      patients were randomely divided into two groups: 104 patients underwent fixation
      with a compression screw and plate (Richard's Co.) and 97 patients underwent
      fixation with Ender's nails. The results of both groups were analyzed and
      evaluated clinically, economically, and socially. There were differences in
      operative time, incidence of infection, local complications, and functional
      capacity, but, on the other hand, no difference in the length of hospital stay.
      The perioperative mortality was significantly higher in the group that underwent
      fixation with Ender nails (seven to one), but the overall mortality was the same
      for both groups. The advantages of the Ender method are a quicker surgical
      procedure, diminished blood loss, and practically no risk of deep infection. The
      fixation with compression screw and plate assures a better anatomical reduction
      of the hip with fewer local complications and a better functional result, but
      carries a higher risk of infection.

PMID- 3382334
TI  - Chondral and osteochondral fractures of the knee joint--treatment and results.
AB  - This paper reports on experience in various methods of reconstructive and
      palliative surgery in 50 patients and discusses the problems of establishing a
      diagnosis. The clinical symptoms are decisive; the conclusive indication for
      surgery is the detection of a hemarthrosis. Persistent cartilaginous defects in
      chondral or osteochrondral fractures will lead to the development of secondary
      arthrosis of the knee joint. Therefore, we emphasize immediate surgical revision
      of the injured joint. The results obtained in this way are good, especially in
      younger patients.

PMID- 3382335
TI  - Special problems of cementless fixation of total hip-joint endoprostheses with
      reference to the PM type.
AB  - The success of cement-free hip endoprosthetics is largely dependent on precise
      surgical techniques and primary stability of the anchorage, in which favorable
      biomechanical conditions as well as the quality of the stabilizing bone are of
      considerable importance. Information gathered from more than 1500 cementless hip
      joint endoprosthesis implantations is presented with biomechanical solutions and
      indications regarding operating techniques, and a correlation between clinical
      symptoms and radiological signs of complications is discussed. In close
      coordination with material-specific factors, design and surface characteristics
      are decisive in the function and quality of anchorage of the endoprosthetic
      replacement. In the case of the PM total hip endoprosthesis, these widely
      variable values were governed strictly by biomechanical considerations, with
      particular reference to the resulting bone reactions. Results so far, including
      those relating to stable integration of the implant, must be regarded as
      absolutely positive and confirm the design characteristics on which this model
      was based. Avoiding the disadvantages of bone cement, cementless hip-joint
      replacement, particularly in operations for the exchange of cemented prostheses
      after loosening, can be regarded as a step forward in hip-joint surgery.

PMID- 3382336
TI  - Experimental lengthening of tibial diaphysis: gap healing with or without gradual
      distraction.
AB  - Stepwise distraction of the rabbit tibia after a transverse diaphyseal osteotomy
      was performed in an external fixator. The goal was to clarify the fine-structural
      parameters of long-bone lengthening. The tibias were vertically cut and studied 5
      weeks after the osteotomy, and the specimens with an initial gap without further
      lengthening were compared with those with a gap and stepwise distraction. The
      role of periosteal bone induction was essential for the ossification of a growing
      gap, whereas the ossification of a simple gap proceeded equally by the endosteal
      and periosteal routes. The distraction resulted in vertical organization of the
      premature callus tissue at the proximal pole of the distracted gap, while the
      distal part of the gap area was deficiently filled by endosteal bone but
      preliminary fixed by a bridge of periosteal callus tissue.

PMID- 3382337
TI  - Reduction of shoulder dislocations under interscalene brachial blockade.
AB  - Even under short sedation, reduction of shoulder dislocations is often difficult,
      because of the reflectory contraction of the muscles around the humeroglenoidal
      joint in response to pain. Administration of interscalene brachial blockade
      produces analgesia and complete relaxation of the muscles of the shoulder joint.
      We report on ten consecutive shoulder dislocations which were reduced while the
      patients were under interscalene brachial blockade. In all cases, reduction was
      easy and free from complications.

PMID- 3382338
TI  - Bilateral avulsion fractures of olecranon apophyses.
AB  - Avulsion fracture of the olecranon is a relatively common injury in the adult. In
      the child, however, it is a rare occurrence. The injury is usually due to a fall
      on the outstretched elbow, with a sudden contraction of the triceps muscle. The
      contraction of this muscle avulses the olecranon and tears the distal triceps
      expansion. The fracture is well described in standard textbooks on paediatric
      orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 3382339
TI  - Median nerve entrapment in bone after supracondylar fracture of the humerus. Case
      report.
AB  - A case is reported, where the median nerve was entrapped in a supracondylar
      humerus fracture, not preventing closed reduction. As serious impairment of the
      median nerve function did not improve within ten weeks, the nerve was explored
      and dissected out of the humerus using microsurgical technique, leading to
      complete recovery of the neural function. The purpose of this report is to draw
      attention to the fact, that the median nerve can be enclosed in supracondylar
      fractures reducable to good position and further, that delicate dissection of the
      nerve out of the bone does not necessitate sacrifice of its continuity.

PMID- 3382340
TI  - Deep sepsis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis after total hip replacement. Case
      report.
AB  - One case of deep sepsis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis occurring two years after
      total hip replacement is reported. The patient had no history of previous
      tuberculous infection nor showed any sign of systemic disease at the time of
      surgery. The clinical and pathogenic implications are discussed.

PMID- 3382341
TI  - Acatalasia discovered by accident during a disk operation.
AB  - During a disk operation, the wound was flushed with hydrogen peroxide, resulting
      in a blackish brown discoloration of the musculature without the formation of
      foam. Clinical observation caused the experienced biochemist to make the
      diagnosis of suspected acatalasia, a rare congenital metabolic defect which is
      inherited autosomally recessively. Investigation of the catalase activity in the
      hemolysate of the patient and his brother confirmed this suspicion and resulted
      in the first diagnosis of this condition in Austria.

PMID- 3382342
TI  - Fracture of the body of the hamate bone. Case report.
AB  - A patient with a fracture of the body of the hamate bone associated with a
      proximal and dorsal subluxation of the fifth metacarpal is reported. Treatment
      consisted of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation. A short discussion on
      fractures of the hamate bone is given.

PMID- 3382343
TI  - Stress fracture of the body of pubis in a pregnant woman. Case report.
AB  - A case with stress fracture of the body of the pubic bone which occurred in a 35
      year-old pregnant woman is described. No underlying pathologic process was found
      and it would seem that the mechanical load acting on the pubic bone to cause
      stress fracture is brought about by both the muscle imbalance and ligament
      laxity. In a few weeks after delivery, the fracture showed a complete bony union.

PMID- 3382344
TI  - The surgical chairmanship in a corporate world.

PMID- 3382345
TI  - The vanishing elective cholecystectomy. Trends and their consequences.
AB  - During the 1980s, there have been ongoing changes in the policies and programs
      that govern the health care provision system. To assess the effect of these
      changes on patient care, the charts of patients undergoing cholecystectomy in
      1980 (132 patients) and 1986 (108 patients) were reviewed and compared. The
      patients are increasingly over 60 years of age. The elective cholecystectomy is
      being replaced by procedures for more advanced disease as referrals of patients
      to the surgeon are delayed. The morbidity more than doubled. Compared with 1980,
      the policies and programs in effect during 1986 allowed fewer patients to undergo
      cholecystectomy (-18%), but required a markedly increased cost for those patients
      (+22%).

PMID- 3382346
TI  - Chronic pancreatitis. Results of Whipple's resection and total pancreatectomy.
AB  - The aim of our study was to determine the success of radical pancreatic resection
      in relieving the pain of chronic pancreatitis. From 1974 to 1985, 30 consecutive
      patients underwent radical pancreatic resection for the treatment of debilitating
      pain (15 underwent Whipple's resection and 15 underwent total pancreatectomy).
      Patients were not randomized but were subjected to the procedure deemed indicated
      for their clinical presentation; thus, the two groups were not strictly
      comparable. There was no operative mortality; major morbidity occurred in three
      patients (20%) in each group (four patients experienced anastomotic bile leak and
      two experienced abdominal sepsis). Following Whipple's resection, mean follow-up
      was 6.2 years (range, 1.5 to 12.1 years). Complete pain relief occurred in eight
      patients (53%) and significant relief in an additional four (27%). Endocrine
      insufficiency developed in six patients and exocrine insufficiency in eight.
      Following total pancreatectomy, mean follow-up was 9.1 years (range, 2.1 to 13.1
      years). Complete pain relief occurred in only four patients (27%) and significant
      relief in an additional six (40%). Significant pain persisted in about 33% of
      patients after total pancreatic resection. We concluded that radical pancreatic
      resection can be performed safely in patients with chronic pancreatitis but with
      gratifying results in only 67% to 80% of patients. Whipple's resection may be
      preferable for disease located primarily in the head of the gland.

PMID- 3382347
TI  - The medical and social impact of nonaccidental injury.
AB  - To determine the medical and economic impact of nonaccidental trauma at a
      regional trauma and emergency care facility, a prospective patient database was
      used to follow up all victims of intentional injury admitted during one year.
      Specific patient data were combined with financial data to determine the medical
      outcome, expenditure, and hospital reimbursement. We found that 17% of the 2451
      trauma patients admitted to our facility were victims of nonaccidental injury.
      The majority of these patients were severely injured, with an average hospital
      stay of six days. Hospital charges averaged $13,000 per patient. Three fourths of
      these individuals required governmental funding for medical care. Six months
      after completion of the review, only two thirds of all expenditures had been
      reimbursed. These patients represent a high medical services use group and
      consume a disproportionately high percentage of medical resources.

PMID- 3382348
TI  - Blunt diaphragm rupture. A morbid injury.
AB  - A review of our past year's trauma experience revealed that we admitted an
      average of three patients per month with blunt diaphragm rupture, a total of 39
      ruptures in 37 patients. Twenty patients (54%) presented to the emergency room in
      shock. Thirty patients (81%) required urgent airway intervention. All but one
      patient had associated injuries. Diaphragm rupture is difficult to diagnose; it
      was not initially recognized in 69% of cases. Chest roentgenogram was often
      nondiagnostic. Peritoneal lavage gave false-negative results. We ultimately
      failed to diagnose diaphragm rupture in only three cases. We attributed our low
      incidence of missed injury to an aggressive approach in the severely injured
      patient population, where exploratory laparotomy is a routine part of the
      complete evaluation. One third of the ruptures were on the right side. The
      complication rate was 82%, excluding a mortality rate of 40.5%. High morbidity
      and mortality were related primarily to associated injuries.

PMID- 3382349
TI  - An overview and critical analysis of breast cancer screening.
AB  - From October 1973 through September 1979, 10,000 women were screened for breast
      cancer as part of a national project. In this follow-up analysis, we evaluate the
      current status of 166 women whose tumors were detected by this screening project
      (women with bilateral malignant neoplasms have been excluded). Mammogram
      abnormalities only were present in 55 women and abnormal physical findings with
      or without an abnormal mammogram were present in 111 women. Overall, 75% of
      patients were diagnosed with stage I (n = 86) or stage II (n = 39) disease.
      Median follow-up was 117 months. Only eight women (14.5%) whose tumors were
      detected by mammogram have suffered a relapse. Recurrences have developed in 27
      women (24.3%) in the group with abnormal physical findings with or without an
      abnormal mammogram. Disease-free and relative survival at ten years' follow-up
      are 79.6% and 83.7%, respectively, for the 166 women whose cancer was detected by
      mammography only and by physical examination with or without an abnormal
      mammogram. Further follow-up will be required to determine the impact of
      screening detection on the natural history of breast cancer.

PMID- 3382350
TI  - Flow cytometric measurements of nuclear DNA and ploidy analysis in Hurthle cell
      neoplasms of the thyroid.
AB  - Nuclear DNA content and nuclear DNA ploidy were measured in 36 Hurthle cell
      neoplasms (HCNs) to better define their potential roles in predicting the
      clinical behavior of these lesions. An EPICS V flow cytometer (Coulter
      Electronics, Hialeah, Fla) was used. Measurements were taken from paraffin
      embedded tissue. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. The study
      was conducted in a blinded fashion. Observed NDC and PDY patterns were classified
      as diploid, aneuploid, or suspicious. Twenty-nine lesions (81%) were diploid and
      seven (19%) were aneuploid. Twelve (33%) HCNs were malignant, 23 (64%) were
      benign, and one (3%) was indeterminate. Eight (67%) of 12 malignant HCNs were
      diploid and four (33%) of 12 were aneuploid. In comparison, 20 (87%) of 23 benign
      lesions were diploid and three (13%) of 23 were aneuploid. The indeterminate
      neoplasm was diploid. There were three deaths in this group of patients; all
      three had aneuploid neoplasms, and all had locally recurrent disease with distant
      metastases. There was a significant cross correlation between histologic features
      and DNA content with regard to outcome. These preliminary data suggest that NDC
      and PDY are not helpful in distinguishing histologically benign from malignant
      HCNs; however, they may be useful in determining prognosis.

PMID- 3382351
TI  - Gastrointestinal endometriosis. Incidence and indications for resection.
AB  - Of 1573 consecutive patients with endometriosis diagnosed at laparoscopy or
      celiotomy, 85 patients (5.4%) had gastrointestinal involvement and 11 patients
      (0.7%) required bowel resection due to recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms
      (usually obstructive in nature) and/or suspicion of malignancy. Of 63 patients
      with gastrointestinal involvement at sites other than the appendix, who did not
      undergo bowel resection, only two patients had gastrointestinal symptoms at the
      time of diagnosis (neither patient had obstructive symptoms); follow-up has
      revealed that only one patient subsequently developed significant
      gastrointestinal symptoms. Fifteen patients had appendiceal endometriosis, but
      none had symptoms suggestive of appendicitis. Indications for resection of
      gastrointestinal endometriosis include the presence of clear-cut obstructive
      symptoms or the inability to exclude malignancy. The absence of gastrointestinal
      symptoms appears to be predictive of the absence of clinically significant
      intestinal endometriosis, and bowel resection is not indicated in the
      asymptomatic patient. Appendiceal endometriosis appears to be an incidental
      finding and one that is not clinically important.

PMID- 3382352
TI  - Wound complications after infrainguinal bypass. Classification, predisposing
      factors, and management.
AB  - We studied 135 patients during a three-year period to determine the incidence and
      treatment of wound complications after infrainguinal bypass. The site of distal
      anastomosis was the popliteal artery in 113 patients, tibial artery in 20
      patients, and sequential bypass in two patients. Autogenous vein was used for 79
      grafts (59%), polytetrafluoroethylene for 53 grafts (39%), and a composite for
      three grafts (2%). Perioperative antibiotics were administered to 130 patients
      (96%). Wound complications were separated into four categories: class 1, erythema
      or seroma without tissue breakdown; class 2, ischemic necrosis along an incision
      without infection; class 3, wound breakdown with infection; and class 4, open
      wound with exposed graft. Ninety incisions (67%) healed without incident. There
      were 21 class 1 (15%), 17 class 2 (13%), four class 3 (3%), and three class 4
      (2%) complications. Serious wound problems were more frequent after bypasses with
      polytetrafluoroethylene grafts compared with vein grafts. Three prosthetic graft
      infections resulted in two amputations. Eight other factors were not predictive
      of wound breakdown. Wound complications after infrainguinal bypass are frequent.
      Management should be selective, based on the degree of severity.

PMID- 3382353
TI  - Risk factors affecting the natural history of intermittent claudication.
AB  - To determine the prognostic significance of the level of arterial disease in
      claudicators, risk factors affecting the progression of intermittent
      claudication, including hemodynamic variables obtained from noninvasive vascular
      laboratory examinations, were assessed. We identified 378 patients with
      intermittent claudication by characteristic history and the presence of abnormal
      treadmill exercise examination results. Results of serial examinations were
      available for 195 of these patients, who had 310 claudicating limbs. Life-table
      analysis revealed that after eight years, 41% of these patients had progressed to
      critical ischemia, defined as rest pain or tissue loss, and 50% had died. Cox
      proportional hazards general linear regression analysis found that at a patient's
      first examination in the vascular laboratory, the ankle-brachial index and the
      decrease in ankle-brachial index after exercise were significantly associated
      with the subsequent development of critical ischemia. The level of disease at the
      initial examination in the vascular laboratory was not a significant risk factor
      for progression to critical ischemia and therefore should not be used as an
      indicator for or against operation in patients with intermittent claudication.

PMID- 3382354
TI  - Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Analysis of postoperative morbidity.
AB  - Between 1980 and 1986, 101 nondissecting thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms
      (TAAAs) were repaired at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Overall mortality was
      15% with a 9.6% mortality for elective repair. Nonfatal complications occurred in
      44% of patients and included myocardial infarction in 9%, paraplegia in 5%, and
      renal failure in 4%. In an attempt to reduce morbidity and mortality associated
      with TAAA repair, one of our vascular surgical services set up a routine protocol
      of preoperative evaluation, standardized operative technique, and specific
      guidelines for perioperative management. Fifty-five of the 101 patients underwent
      elective repair on this service without the use of shunts or bypass. Mortality
      was reduced to 1.8% and the rate of myocardial infarction was reduced to 1.8%;
      none of these patients developed renal failure. However, paraplegia/paraparesis
      still occurred in 5.4% and pulmonary insufficiency occurred in 29%. Preoperative
      cardiac evaluation and intraoperative reduction of cardiac afterload are
      important factors in reducing myocardial infarction and death associated with
      TAAA repair and should be integrated into the management of these patients.
      However, preexisting pulmonary and renal disease in some patients may limit the
      surgeon's ability to reduce rates of some complications.

PMID- 3382355
TI  - Protein C deficiency. A cause of unusual or unexplained thrombosis.
AB  - Familial hypercoagulable states are a collection of syndromes characterized by an
      inherited deficiency of various proteins involved in the control of coagulation
      and include antithrombin III, plasminogen, protein C, and protein S. Affected
      patients usually develop venous thrombosis as adults. During a 15-month interval,
      we identified five patients with venous thrombosis accompanied by protein C
      deficiency. Four patients presented with deep venous thrombosis, which was
      recurrent in two, and one patient developed mesenteric venous thrombosis. The
      kindred of this last patient suggested an autosomal dominant genetic transmission
      of protein C deficiency. Patients' ages at the time of diagnosis of disease
      ranged from 28 to 41 years. All patients had low levels of protein C (range, 34
      to 67 U/dL; normal, 70 to 130 U/dL). All patients were treated with heparin
      sodium immediately and then given long-term oral anticoagulation therapy with
      warfarin sodium. Protein C deficiency is a predisposing factor to the development
      of venous thrombosis that has only recently been recognized. Treatment of
      symptomatic protein C deficiency requires short-term heparin therapy followed by
      long-term oral anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. Oral anticoagulation
      treatment must be initiated slowly with no loading dose to avoid warfarin
      associated skin necrosis. Patients with unexplained or unusual thrombosis,
      especially if it occurs at an early age, and patients with recurrent episodes of
      lower limb venous thrombosis should have their protein C levels measured. If a
      deficiency is documented, long-term warfarin anticoagulation therapy is
      recommended.

PMID- 3382356
TI  - Bronchoscopy for aspirated foreign bodies in children. Experience in 131 cases.
AB  - One hundred thirty-one children underwent rigid bronchoscopy under general
      anesthesia for suspected aspirated foreign bodies. There were 79 boys and 52
      girls, with a mean age of 2.1 years. Physical examination showed decreased breath
      sounds (n = 130) and wheezing (n = 119) over the affected site. Chest
      roentgenograms were diagnostic or suggestive of aspirated foreign bodies in 127
      cases (97%). Radiopaque lesions were noted on roentgenograms in ten cases. Four
      infants had a preoperative hypoxic arrest. Two patients had negative results of
      bronchoscopy (1.5%). Extraction of the aspirated foreign body was carried out at
      laryngoscopy in two patients and by forceps under direct vision at bronchoscopy
      in 97 patients. A Fogarty catheter was used in 12 cases. Postendoscopic
      complications included fever (n = 27), pulmonary infiltrate (n = 11), ventilatory
      support (n = 4), and pneumothorax (n = 2). Rigid bronchoscopy for aspirated
      foreign body in children is a safe, effective, and sometimes life-saving
      procedure. Morbidity is low and mortality is zero.

PMID- 3382357
TI  - Median hepatotomy using ultrasonic dissection for complex hepatobiliary problems.
AB  - Strictures of the Intrahepatic ducts, centrally located hepatic tumors, and
      intrahepatic stones present difficult management problems. The median hepatotomy
      can be easily and safely performed with the aid of an ultrasonic liver dissector
      and a knowledge of hepatic anatomy. The approach allows the confluence of the
      right and left hepatic ducts and primary and secondary bifurcations thereof to be
      exposed precisely without dissecting the porta or compromising the blood supply
      to the liver. We employed this technique without mortality and with minimal
      morbidity in eight patients, of whom two had Klatskin's tumors, one had an
      iatrogenic stricture of the right hepatic duct, one had sclerosing cholangitis,
      one had Intrahepatic gallstones, and three had centrally located tumors. The
      technique is recommended as an aid in the management of complex hepatobiliary
      problems.

PMID- 3382358
TI  - A prospective study of the microflora of nonpuerperal breast abscess.
AB  - The majority of reports concerning nonpuerperal breast abscess (NPBA) identify
      aerobic and facultative bacterial isolates as the predominant flora in this
      disease. In the present study, fine-needle aspiration was performed in 29 women
      with NPBA; 12 (41%) of the patients had a history of chronic NPBA. The mean age
      of patients was 39.2 years. The aspirated material was cultured both
      anaerobically and aerobically. A total of 108 bacterial strains were recovered
      from 32 specimens; two specimens yielded no bacterial growth. A mean of 3.6
      different bacteria were recovered from each culture-positive specimen. Anaerobic
      recovery outweighed aerobic-facultative recovery by a factor of 2:1.
      Significantly, 37 strains (five aerobes and 32 anaerobes) were harvested only
      from enriched broth subcultured for four to 14 days after initial culture
      processing. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (60% of total aerobes) and
      peptostreptococci (47% of total anaerobes) were the predominant bacterial
      isolates. These findings indicate that NPBA is due to a mixed flora with a major
      anaerobic component. Furthermore, the results suggest that routine cultures often
      overlook the involvement of anaerobes in these infections.

PMID- 3382359
TI  - Experimental evaluation of staple lines in gastric surgery.

PMID- 3382360
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

PMID- 3382361
TI  - Risks of bilateral hip disarticulation.

PMID- 3382362
TI  - Natural killer cells and the Guy's Hospital trials.

PMID- 3382363
TI  - The hostel game.

PMID- 3382364
TI  - Are phenolic disinfectants toxic to staff members?

PMID- 3382365
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome--a nursing challenge.

PMID- 3382366
TI  - Cryptosporidia-positive rates of avian necropsy accessions determined by
      examination of auramine O-stained fecal smears.
AB  - Fecal smears from 112 avian necropsy accessions representing 431 birds were
      stained with auramine O and examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by fluorescence
      microscopy. Stained Cryptosporidium oocysts fluoresced bright yellow-green and
      were easily differentiated from extraneous material by their uniform small size
      (approx. 5 micron) and morphology. The rates of cryptosporidia-positive
      accessions were 27.3% (9/33) of broilers, 10% (3/30) of broiler breeders, and
      5.9% (1/17) of layers. Further analyses of available data for various risk
      factors that may have influenced rates of cryptosporidia-positive samples in
      broilers, broiler breeders, and layers failed to show significant relationships.
      However, it was apparent that positive samples were clustered within accessions
      and not scattered throughout the population sampled. This survey also resulted in
      the first reported identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts from a budgerigar,
      macaw, and tundra swan.

PMID- 3382367
TI  - Virulence of avian capsular serogroup B Pasteurella multocida for turkey poults.
AB  - Two strains of capsular serogroup B Pasteurella multocida isolated from avian
      hosts (swan and turkey) were evaluated for virulence based on lethality for
      turkey poults. Groups of poults were exposed intramuscularly to various
      concentrations of organisms of each strain. Both strains were virulent. The
      strain isolated from a turkey was highly virulent: all exposed poults died in
      less than 24 hours, including those exposed to only 79 organisms. This highly
      virulent strain was neither highly invasive nor highly infective: intrapharyngeal
      exposure with 7.9 x 10(6) organisms resulted in death of only one of five poults,
      and attempts to isolate the organism from pharyngeal mucosae and livers of
      surviving poults were unsuccessful. The high degree of virulence of a B capsular
      group strain isolated from a turkey indicates a disease-producing potential for
      members of this uncommon serogroup of P. multocida.

PMID- 3382368
TI  - Characterization of an avian cholera epizootic in wild birds in western Nebraska.
AB  - Avian cholera killed an estimated 2500 birds in western Nebraska and eastern
      Wyoming from 28 November 1985 to late January 1986. Wild mallards (Anas
      platyrhynchos) suffered the most losses. Other wild waterfowl, wild turkeys
      (Meleagris gallopavo), a few domestic fowl, and a bald eagle (Haliaeetus
      leucocephalus) also died. Pasteurella multocida serotype 1 was the predominant
      isolate from these carcasses. Cold, wet weather persisted throughout the
      outbreak, but daily losses in the flock of 50,000 mallards using the area were
      low. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from nasal swabs of 35 of 37 cattle from
      a feedlot in which many of these mallards were feeding. Eighty percent of the
      cattle isolates had antigenic characteristics of serotype 3 or serotype 3 with
      cross-reactivity. Isolates from wild mallards, wild turkeys, and the bald eagle
      were virulent to game-farm mallards when inoculated subcutaneously, but P.
      multocida isolates from cattle were not.

PMID- 3382369
TI  - Immune and bone properties of chicks consuming corn contaminated with a Fusarium
      that induces dyschondroplasia.
AB  - A study was conducted to contrast the dyschondroplasia-inducing capability of
      several species of Fusarium with that of the natural fungi found in poultry diets
      and litter. Day-old broiler chicks were fed pure corn cultures of specific fungal
      isolates for 3 weeks. Humoral immunity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), body
      weight, valgus and varus leg deformities, incidence of dyschondroplasia, and
      mechanical properties of the tibiotarsi were examined. F. equiseti #15 was the
      only fungal isolate to induce dyschondroplasia to any significant degree, which
      confirmed previous work in Minnesota. This isolate also suppressed growth rate
      and humoral immunity, although dyschondroplasia sometimes did occur without
      associated immunosuppression and growth depression. Bone strength of the
      tibiotarsal diaphysis was normal, and gross lesions of valgus and varus leg
      deformities did not appear to be related to the incidence of dyschondroplasia in
      the 3-week-old chicks.

PMID- 3382370
TI  - Staphylococcus-induced gangrenous dermatitis in broilers.
AB  - An infectious bursal disease (IBD)-vaccinated flock of 23,900 broilers, 17 days
      of age, experienced sudden onset of depression, dermatitis, and mortality.
      Postmortem examination showed extensive subcutaneous serosanguineous fluid
      accumulation over the pectoral muscles, discrete hepatic whitish foci, fluid
      filled intestines, and small, flaccid bursae of Fabricius. Gram-stained
      impression smears from the affected areas revealed numerous gram-positive cocci.
      Aerobic culture of liver and subcutaneous tissue consistently produced heavy
      growth of penicillin-sensitive Staphyloccus aureus. Histopathologically,
      subcutaneous tissue showed diffuse hemorrhage and large numbers of gram-positive
      cocci with severe congestion and hemorrhage of the underlying skeletal muscle.
      Liver sections showed multiple, randomly scattered areas of acute coagulation
      necrosis with numerous gram-positive cocci. Bursal lesions were characterized by
      extensive follicular necrosis and collapse. A diagnosis of staphylococcal
      gangrenous dermatitis secondary to IBD was made. Mortality returned to
      preinfection levels within 72 hours after penicillin was added to the drinking
      water.

PMID- 3382371
TI  - Eustrongylides sp. epizootic in young common egrets (Casmerodius albus).
AB  - In May 1985, epizootic mortality was reported in common egrets (Casmerodius
      albus) on Avery Island, Louisiana. Subsequent investigation revealed that more
      than 400 birds died. Severe peritoneal nematodiasis (Eustrongylides sp.) was
      found on postmortem examination. A nearby breeding rookery on the same island was
      apparently unaffected. Reasons for this selective mortality are presented. Three
      other reports of epizootic mortality due to Eustrongylides sp. have been
      reported. This is the first report of this type of epizootic in gulf-coast birds.

PMID- 3382372
TI  - Proventricular hemangiosarcoma identified in a broiler at slaughter.
AB  - A discrete circumscribed red nodule present on the surface of the proventriculus
      of a 7-week-old broiler was diagnosed as a hemangiosarcoma. Histologically,
      discrete islands and dense sheets of anaplastic ovoid to spindle-shaped
      basophilic cells surrounded irregular vascular clefts and spaces. Mitotic figures
      were focally numerous, and extension into the tunica muscularis of the
      proventriculus was seen. Neoplastic islands were also present in the tunica
      mucosa and the adjacent mesentery.

PMID- 3382373
TI  - A case of acute pulmonary edema, splenomegaly, and ascites in guinea fowl.
AB  - Acute pulmonary edema, splenomegaly, and ascites were observed in a disease
      outbreak in adult white and pearl guinea fowl. The clinical history and gross and
      microscopic lesions resembled those described for marble spleen disease of
      pheasants and avian adenovirus group II splenomegaly of chickens. A small number
      of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in liver, spleen, and lung sections
      of affected guinea fowl. Attempts to isolate virus and serological tests to
      detect the presence of viral antigens were unsuccessful. Adult female pearl
      guinea fowl experimentally exposed to pheasant and turkey isolates of type II
      avian adenoviruses developed gross and microscopic lesions similar to those seen
      in the field outbreak. The pheasant isolate was the more virulent. Intranuclear
      inclusion bodies were observed in liver, spleen, and lung sections of pearl
      guinea fowl inoculated with either of the virus isolates, and direct
      immunofluorescent examination revealed viral antigen in the spleen and lung.

PMID- 3382374
TI  - Epidemiology and financial impact of fowl cholera in turkeys: a retrospective
      analysis.
AB  - A retrospective study of the epidemiology and financial impact of fowl cholera
      (FC) in California meat turkeys during 1984 was performed. Data were collected
      from 64 flocks--23 FC-outbreak flocks and 41 controls (non-outbreak)--raised in
      the Central Valley of the state. Mean flock age at the time of the FC outbreak
      was 11.3 weeks. Flocks that reported a colibacillosis outbreak had increased odds
      (P = 0.11) of also having an FC outbreak. (This association may or may not
      indicate a cause-effect relationship.) There was no significant difference
      between FC-outbreak and control flocks in number of diseases reported, age at
      onset, or duration of diseases or syndromes except age at onset of roundheart
      disease. The relative mortality rates were 52% higher in FC-outbreak toms and 26%
      higher in FC-outbreak hens than in their controls. Medication costs were nearly
      tripled, and the relative condemnation rate was 60% higher in FC-outbreak flocks
      than in control flocks. The average costs of FC were nearly $0.40 per bird, or
      $18,750 per flock, in an outbreak flock of 50,000 birds, and $0.12 per bird, or
      $6000 per flock, in non-outbreak flocks vaccinated against FC.

PMID- 3382375
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).
AB  - A tumor mass defined as a leiomyosarcoma was found in the thoracic cavity of a 3
      year-old female budgerigar. Disseminated leiomyosarcomas were found in various
      body tissues, including bone marrow, spleen, and liver.

PMID- 3382376
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum in a budgerigar.
AB  - Exploratory abdominal surgery in a budgerigar with a history of lethargy, feather
      fluffing, and melena revealed a neoplastic mass associated with the jejunal
      muscularis. Histologically, the nonencapsulated cellular mass was composed of
      sheets of spindle-shaped cells with pleomorphic nuclei, numerous and bizarre
      mitotic figures, and admixed anaplastic sarcomatous and giant cells. Special
      stains confirmed the cell of origin as the leiomyocyte. These characteristics
      warranted a diagnosis of jejunal leiomyosarcoma, previously unreported in the
      budgerigar.

PMID- 3382377
TI  - Goiter in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).
AB  - Goiter in a 2-year-old male cockatiel with respiratory distress was characterized
      by bilateral enlargement of the thyroid glands. Microscopic lesions included
      features of both hyperplastic goiter and colloid goiter. There also was localized
      hemosiderosis due to hemorrhage in subcapsular space and in thyroid follicle
      lumens.

PMID- 3382378
TI  - Effect of coccidiosis on reproductive maturation of male Japanese quail.
AB  - The effects of coccidiosis on reproductive development of male Japanese quail
      were examined. Male Japanese quail were exposed to high (5 x 10(5) sporulated
      oocysts/quail) or low (5 x 10(3) sporulated oocysts/quail) doses of Eimeria uzura
      at 16 or 30 days of age and sampled at 37 days. Quail given high doses of
      coccidia had reduced testes weight and lowered circulating concentrations of
      androgen compared with control males. Low doses of coccidia did not affect testes
      weight but did result in elevated plasma androgen levels. There were no
      differences in average testes weights by 51 days; however, plasma androgen was
      still reduced in most groups. To study the effects of coccidiosis on egg
      production, males exposed to high doses of coccidia at 16 (16H) or 30 (30H) days
      of age were mated with control females, and control males were mated with control
      or 16H females. The onset of laying was delayed for 5 days in the control male:
      16H female group. During the first week of production, eggs from females bred to
      30H males had lower fertility and hatchability than those bred to control or 16H
      males. By the third week of production, levels of fertility were similar.
      Apparently, exposure of quails to coccidiosis before sexual maturation might
      result in long-term effects on later reproductive capability.

PMID- 3382379
TI  - A survey of aerobic bacteria and fungi in the feces of healthy psittacine birds.
AB  - Fecal samples from 61 clinically healthy psittacine birds of a wide variety of
      species were cultured for bacteria and fungi. The most common bacterial isolates
      were gram-positive bacilli, which were recovered from 60 of the 61 birds. These
      organisms included Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, and Streptomyces.
      Gram-positive cocci, cultured from the feces of 21 of the birds, included
      Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Aerococcus spp., and Micrococcus
      spp. Only 6 of the 61 psittaciformes yielded gram-negative bacteria, with
      Escherichia coli being the most frequent isolate. Gram-negative bacilli were
      recovered from 4 of the 31 privately owned birds and 2 of the 30 petshop birds
      sampled. In addition to the bacteria, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus laurentii,
      and Aspergillus sp. were isolated from 13 fecal cultures. Candida albicans was
      isolated exclusively from 5 petshop birds. The number of birds yielding
      Corynebacterium and gram-negative bacteria increased with age, whereas the number
      of birds yielding lactobacilli and yeasts decreased with age. The organisms
      isolated and their significance as potential pathogens in psittacine birds are
      discussed.

PMID- 3382380
TI  - A survey of the aerobic bacteria in the feces of captive raptors.
AB  - Feces of 47 captive raptors belonging to the order Falconiformes or Strigiformes
      were cultured for bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria, which were cultured from the
      feces of 45 of the 47 raptors, were the most common isolates. A wide variety of
      species were identified, including a newly described genus (Moellerella
      wisconsensis), two newly described species (Escherichia fergusonii and Proteus
      penneri), and a member of a newly described enteric group (CDC Enteric group 41).
      Additional organisms identified that have not been reported in previous
      bacteriological surveys of raptors were Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella
      braenderup, Morganella morganii, Yersinia ruckeri, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera
      sp. Escherichia coli, isolated from the feces of 42 of the 47 raptors, was the
      most frequently recovered. Streptococcus faecalis, the second most common
      isolate, was cultured from 30 birds. Several differences were observed between
      fecal bacteria isolated from raptors fed commercially prepared chicken and those
      isolated from raptors not fed chicken. The most obvious difference was that birds
      fed chicken had more varied gram-negative bacterial species and in greater
      numbers per fecal sample. The potential for the isolated bacteria from raptors as
      pathogens in humans and avian species is discussed.

PMID- 3382381
TI  - Diarrhea associated with intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in turkeys.
AB  - Turkey poults were suffering from diarrhea on a farm in which several previous
      grow-outs of turkeys had experienced a clinically identical problem. Upon
      necropsy, significant gross lesions were restricted to the gastrointestinal
      tract. Segments of small intestine were pale and distended with cloudy mucoid
      material and a few gas bubbles. The ceca contained fluid and gas. Fresh organ
      portions were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted
      for histological processing and examination (light microscopy and scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy). Small (2-4 micron) basophilic bodies
      identified as Cryptosporidium sp. were present in enterocytes of the middle and
      lower small intestine. The villi were moderately atrophic, the crypts were
      hypertrophic, and the lamina propria was infiltrated by large numbers of
      lymphocytes, heterophils, and fewer macrophages and plasma cells. Numerous
      intraepithelial leukocytes and exocytosing inflammatory cells also were present.

PMID- 3382382
TI  - Optimization of hydrophile-lipophile balance for improved efficacy of Newcastle
      disease and avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines.
AB  - Preparations of inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) oil
      emulsion vaccines with surfactant hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values
      between 4.3 and 9.5 were evaluated for their efficacy in broiler-type white rock
      chickens. Chickens were vaccinated at 3-4 weeks of age and bled at 2-week
      intervals over 8 weeks. Post-vaccinal hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric
      mean titers (reciprocals) ranged from 197 to 485 for ND vaccines and from 184 to
      1040 for AI vaccines. Based on the HI response, an HLB value of 7.0 induced the
      greatest stimulation of antibody titers. Ten percent surfactant in the oil phase
      of the vaccines induced maximum titers at this HLB. The oil:aqueous ratios of the
      vaccines did not greatly influence the overall serologic response when the
      vaccines had an HLB of 7.0. These results indicate that manipulating surfactant
      HLB values of OE vaccine may maximize the HI response in broilers.

PMID- 3382383
TI  - Effect of dietary selenium on the development of Fusarium-induced tibial
      dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens.
AB  - A trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary level of selenium on
      the pathogenesis of Fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (FITD) in broiler
      chicks, and to assess the applicability of FITD as an animal model of Kashin-Beck
      disease of humans. Day-old female broilers were fed diets that were deficient in
      selenium (0.02 ppm Se), adequate in selenium (0.15 ppm Se), or generous in
      selenium (0.50 ppm Se). TDP-1, the toxic component of the fungus, was
      administered to 15 of 26 chicks in each dietary group starting at 1 week of age
      and continuing until the chicks were killed at 24-30 days of age. Plasma selenium
      levels and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in
      the selenium-deficient group than in other dietary groups; these parameters were
      not affected by treatment with TDP-1. The mortality rate of the TDP-1-treated
      selenium-generous group was significantly less than that in the other TDP-1
      treated groups, but there were no differences in the incidence, severity, or
      character of the FITD lesions among the groups. Thus, the interaction of selenium
      and TDP-1 did not include an effect on FITD.

PMID- 3382384
TI  - Pasteurella multocida in wild mammals and birds in California: prevalence and
      virulence for turkeys.
AB  - Samples collected from the oropharynx of wild mammals and birds trapped on 36
      turkey farms in California were evaluated for the presence of Pasteurella
      multocida. A total of 966 animals were collected from 18 premises that had
      experienced an outbreak of fowl cholera within the past 2-8 months; samples were
      collected from 16 of these 18 premises within 2-8 weeks of outbreak notification
      and while the infected flock was still present. A total of 939 animals were
      trapped from an additional 18 premises that had not reported any outbreaks of
      fowl cholera within at least 4 months, if ever. Forty-eight isolates of P.
      multocida, of a variety of somatic serotypes, were recovered from 6 species of
      mammals and 3 species of birds. On only 2 of 7 premises was the somatic serotype
      of the isolates obtained from wildlife the same as the isolate obtained from
      tissues of turkeys that had died of fowl cholera on the same premises. Tests for
      virulence to turkeys were conducted with 31 of the isolates. Seventeen of these
      isolates caused mortality in turkeys. Wide ranges in mortality rates and median
      times to death were observed.

PMID- 3382385
TI  - Histone phosphorylation during repression of proliferation in a lower eucaryote
      Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Nutrient depletion causes a rapid drop in transcription and completely inhibits
      DNA replication in plasmodia of a slime mold Physarum polycephalum. These events
      are accompanied by progressive dephosphorylation of histone H3 and no change in
      the state of phosphorylation of the bulk of histone H1. This shows that the
      compaction of chromatin associated with transcriptional inactivation does not
      require phosphorylation of H3 and suggests that the level of basal
      phosphorylation of H1 is not correlated with the intensity of transcription or
      DNA replication. An increase in the proportion of unmethylated versus methylated
      H1 is visible, suggesting a role for this H1 modification in the regulation of
      chromatin functioning.

PMID- 3382386
TI  - Effect of 3-methylindole on respiratory ethane production in selenium and vitamin
      E deficient rats.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation has been proposed as a mechanism of 3-methylindole
      pneumotoxicity. In this report, lipid peroxidation was measured over 16 h in
      awake rats given 400 mg/kg i.p. 3-methylindole or its carrier, Cremophore EL.
      Rats were studied after 8 weeks of feeding a diet either adequate or deficient in
      vitamin E and selenium. Respiratory ethane production was used as the index of
      lipid peroxidation. 3-methylindole had no effect on lipid peroxidation for rats
      fed the adequate diet. For rats on the deficient diet, 3-methylindole suppressed
      lipid peroxidation by 50% of control. These results indicate that lipid
      peroxidation is not a mechanism of 3-methylindole pneumotoxicity and support the
      conclusion that 3-methylindole may act as an antioxidant.

PMID- 3382387
TI  - In vitro processing of tropoelastin: investigation of a possible transport
      function associated with the carboxy-terminal domain.
AB  - In vitro translation systems were used to characterize the processing of bovine
      tropoelastin isoforms and to investigate the possibility that the carboxy
      terminal 19 amino acids of tropoelastin encode a molecular domain that directs
      intracellular transport. Immunoprecipitation with domain-specific antibodies
      demonstrated that multiple tropoelastin isoforms corresponding to those
      identified in tissue and cell culture studies were correctly translated and were
      processed by dog pancreas microsomes. Our results demonstrate that all
      tropoelastin isoforms are translocated completely into the microsomal vesicle and
      do not remain associated with the microsomal membrane. These results exclude the
      possibility that the carboxy-terminal domain of tropoelastin functions as a
      trafficking signal by effecting an association between tropoelastin and an
      intracellular membraneous compartment.

PMID- 3382388
TI  - Ab initio molecular orbital study of the mispairing ability of a nucleotide base
      analogue, N4-aminocytosine.
AB  - The intrinsic properties of N4-aminocytosine, a base analogue of cytosine, are
      analyzed by an ab initio molecular orbital method. Relative stabilities of four
      possible isomeric structures of N4-aminocytosine are shown. The more stable
      isomer has the smaller dipole moment, so the relative stabilities of the isomers
      in solutions are subject to solvent polarity. The mutagenicity of this base
      analogue must arise because it can behave like either cytosine or thymine. It can
      form a guanine-cytosine-like base pair more easily than cytosine, and an adenine
      thymine-like base pair less easily than thymine.

PMID- 3382389
TI  - On the copper transfer between dopamine beta-monooxygenase and Cu-thionein.
AB  - Metallothionein saturated with copper is able to donate copper to apodopamine
      beta-monooxygenase. The complete recovery of dopamine beta-monooxygenase activity
      is observed at the molar ratio Cu-thionein/apoenzyme of 25. On the other hand,
      apothionein accepts copper easily from the holoenzyme.

PMID- 3382390
TI  - Carbon tetrachloride-induced inhibition of protein kinase C in isolated rat
      hepatocytes.
AB  - Isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to CCl4 showed a dramatic decrease in [32P]
      incorporation into proteins which was evident as early as 5 min after the
      haloalkane addition. DEAE cellulose separation of protein kinases present in both
      particulated and cytosolic fractions of hepatocytes revealed that only the
      calcium and phospholipids dependent protein kinase C was affected by the
      treatment with CCl4, while kinases not requiring these factors for their activity
      were unmodified. Several 4-hydroxyunsaturated aldehydes known to be produced
      during CCl4-stimulated lipid peroxidation were found to inhibit protein kinase C
      at micromolar concentrations, suggesting the possibility that peroxidative events
      might be responsible for the impairment of protein kinase C during CCl4
      intoxication.

PMID- 3382391
TI  - Intrinsic multidrug resistance phenotype of Chinese hamster (rodent) cells in
      comparison to human cells.
AB  - In comparison to human cells, cell lines of Chinese hamster and mouse origin
      exhibit between 10-50-fold resistance to a number of different drugs (viz.
      actinomycin D, daunomycin, chromomycin A3, colchicine, maytansine, mithramycin,
      puromycin, rhodamine 123, vinblastine and taxol). Studies with a representative
      Chinese hamster line (CHO) and a single-step multidrug resistant (MDR) mutant of
      human (HeLa) cells show that: (i) In comparison to the sensitive human cells,
      both cell lines show a comparable degree of resistance to the above mentioned
      drugs; (ii) In the presence of non-toxic dosage of verapamil, the drug-resistance
      phenotype of both cell lines is completely reversed; (iii) Both these cell lines
      showed greatly reduced uptake/intracellular levels of 3H-daunomycin, 3H-puromycin
      and 3H-vinblastine, which was restored to sensitive human cell's level in the
      presence of non-toxic doses of verapamil. The striking similarity in the
      behaviour of the naturally resistant Chinese hamster cells and a human MDR cell
      line with regard to the above characteristics, strongly suggests that the species
      related differences in sensitivity to the above drugs result from a similar
      mechanism as that responsible for the MDR phenotype.

PMID- 3382392
TI  - Oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - Rat liver microsomes catalyzed the oxidation of glycerol to a Nash-reactive
      material in a time- and protein-dependent manner. Omission of the glycerol or the
      microsomes or any of the components of the NADPH-generating system resulted in
      almost a complete loss of product formation. Apparent Km and Vmax values for
      glycerol oxidation were about 18 mM and 2.5 nmol formaldehyde per min per mg
      microsomal protein. Carbon monoxide inhibited glycerol oxidation indicating a
      requirement for cytochrome P-450. That the Nash-reactive material was
      formaldehyde was validated by a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
      positive reaction. These studies indicate that glycerol is not inert when
      utilized with microsomes or reconstituted mixed function oxidase systems, and
      that the production of formaldehyde from glycerol may interfere with assays of
      other substrates which generate formaldehyde as product.

PMID- 3382393
TI  - Direct demonstration that the deficient oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
      in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is due to an impaired ability of peroxisomes to
      activate very long chain fatty acids.
AB  - A method was developed to prepare peroxisome-enriched fractions depleted of
      microsomes and mitochondria from cultured skin fibroblasts. The method consists
      of differential centrifugation of a postnuclear supernatant followed by density
      gradient centrifugation on a discontinuous Metrizamide gradient. The activity of
      hexacosanoyl-CoA synthetase was subsequently measured in postnuclear supernatants
      and peroxisome-enriched fractions prepared from cultured skin fibroblasts from
      control subjects and patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Whereas the
      hexacosanoyl-CoA synthetase activity in postnuclear supernatants of X-linked
      adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts was only slightly decreased (77.8 +/- 4.4% of
      control (n = 15], enzyme activity was found to be much more markedly reduced in
      peroxisomal fractions isolated from the mutant fibroblasts (19.6 +/- 6.7% of
      control (n = 5]. This is a direct demonstration that the defect in X-linked
      adrenoleukodystrophy is at the level of a deficient ability of peroxisomes to
      activate very long chain fatty acids, as first suggested by Hashmi et al.
      [Hashmi, M., Stanley, W. and Singh, I. (1986) FEBS Lett. 86, 247-250].

PMID- 3382394
TI  - Localization of the toxic site of Naja mossambica cardiotoxins: small synthetic
      peptides express an in vivo lethality.
AB  - Cardiotoxins are small basic proteins which cause heart failure when they are
      injected in vivo. In order to better understand their molecular mode of action,
      short peptides designed on the model of the first loop of the molecule of
      cardiotoxin IV from Naja mossambica mossambica venom have been synthetized by the
      solid-phase procedure of Merrifield. These peptides express lethality in mouse
      when they are injected intravenously. Taking into account the respective
      molecular weights, they are 3.5 to 5% as toxic as the cardiotoxin. Furthermore,
      the symptomatology they induce is undistinguishable from that induced by
      cardiotoxins. These results strongly support our previous hypothesis that the
      first loop of the molecule is the toxic site of cardiotoxins.

PMID- 3382395
TI  - Rapid down-regulation of protein kinase C in (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) beige
      mouse by phorbol ester.
AB  - Protein kinase C(PKC) activity in macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes
      was assayed in beige mouse, the model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome, control
      C57BL/6 and the heterozygous (+/bg) mice. Regarding enzyme activity in the
      cytosolic and membrane fractions of these cells, there was no difference between
      beige mouse and the control. After short-term activation by TPA, the translocated
      membrane-bound PKC activity in beige mouse decreased rapidly compared with that
      in control mouse. However, the cytosolic PKC activity decreased at just the same
      pace as the control. The change in [3H] PDBu binding paralleled the changes in
      PKC activity. An increase in Ca2+/phospholipid-independent protein kinase by TPA
      was notable in the membrane fraction of beige mouse. The increase in the kinase
      activity was abolished and the PKC activity recovered to normal level by the
      addition of calpain inhibitor, leupeptin, to the incubation of cells along with
      TPA. Therefore, these findings suggest that a rapid decrease in membrane-bound
      PKC activity in beige mouse by TPA stimulation is associated with calpain.

PMID- 3382396
TI  - 6-Nitrocholesterol inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and
      tumor cell growth.
AB  - 6-Nitrocholesterol has been shown to cause a 50% reduction in the level of 3
      hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in animal cells in culture
      at 1.9 microM and it has relative binding affinity for the cytosolic oxysterol
      binding protein of 357 nM in cell-free extracts from the same cell line. In
      addition, significant cytotoxicity was observed when this sterol was incubated
      with hepatoma and lymphoma cells in culture.

PMID- 3382397
TI  - Carbachol and KCl-induced changes in intracellular free calcium concentration in
      isolated, fura-2 loaded smooth-muscle cells from the anterior byssus retractor
      muscle of Mytilus edulis.
AB  - Intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]1) was measured in suspensions
      of fura-2 loaded smooth-muscle cells isolated from the anterior byssus retractor
      muscle of Mytilus edulis. Successive application of 5mM carbachol (CCh) and 100mM
      KCl to the cells transiently elevated [Ca2+]1 from the resting value of 124 +/-
      4.5nM (mean +/- S.E., n = 14) to 295 +/- 15.3 and 383 +/- 20.5 nM, respectively.
      The response to CCh was concentration-dependent with an ED50 of 10(-5) M. Under
      the microscope, 67 +/- 3.0 and 83 +/- 1.3 % of fura-2 loaded cells contracted on
      the addition of 5mM CCh and 100mM KCl, respectively. In Ca2+ -free sea water, the
      CCh induced change in [Ca2+]1 was partially suppressed whereas that induced by
      KCl was completely abolished, suggesting an agonist-evoked release of stored
      Ca2+.

PMID- 3382398
TI  - The effects of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on intracellular levels or
      transport of uridine, thymidine and leucine do not fully explain enterotoxin
      induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in Vero cells.
AB  - Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin (CPE) has been shown previously to
      inhibit the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into acid-insoluble material
      but the mechanism of inhibition is unknown. It has also been shown that
      extracellular calcium is required for some CPE effects. In this report, it is
      shown that CPE completely and virtually simultaneously inhibits incorporation of
      precursors into RNA, DNA and protein in either the presence or absence of
      extracellular divalent cations and that changes in intracellular precursor levels
      did not consistently correlate with this CPE-induced inhibition of incorporation.
      These results strongly suggest that CPE can inhibit macromolecular synthesis, not
      just inhibit precursor transport. It is inferred from this that CPE can affect
      DNA and RNA synthesis, and possibly protein synthesis, by altering other cellular
      processes besides, or in addition to, precursor transport and these effects then
      lead to a shutdown of macromolecular synthesis.

PMID- 3382399
TI  - Primapterin, anapterin, and 6-oxo-primapterin, three new 7-substituted pterins
      identified in a patient with hyperphenylalaninemia.
AB  - Three unknown compounds present in the urine of a patient with mild
      hyperphenylalaninemia were identified to be L-erythro-7-iso-biopterin, D-erythro
      7-iso-neopterin, and L-erythro-6-oxo-7-iso-biopterin. The newly identified
      pterins were named primapterin, anapterin, and 6-oxo-primapterin, respectively.
      Primapterin and anapterin are present in very low concentrations in every human
      urine, as well as in the liver of man and mouse, whereas 6-oxo-primapterin was
      detected in the patient's urine only. Substantial amounts of primapterin were
      excreted in the patient described. The metabolic origin of primapterin and
      anapterin is still obscure.

PMID- 3382400
TI  - Cytochrome P450 induction by phenobarbital (PB) is inhibited by 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA): evidence that protein kinase C regulates
      induction.
AB  - The hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system was studied in hypophysectomized male
      rats exposed for 24 or 48 h to PB and/or TPA, an activator of kinase C. TPA
      attenuated basal and PB-induced levels of P450, aniline hydroxylase (ANH),
      ethylmorphine demethylase (EDM) and cytochrome c reductase. Hence, PB may effect
      induction via the inhibition of kinase C. Supporting this is spectral evidence
      that PB and TPA do not bind and the fact that TPA did not decrease P450 when co
      incubated with O2 and NADPH. Hemin failed to increase P450 levels previously
      depressed by TPA indicating that TPA acts by lowering apocytochrome levels. This
      is consistent with its attenuation of PB-effected increases in hepatic RNA. TPA
      effects were associated with increased hepatic RNA and were blocked by puromycin.

PMID- 3382402
TI  - The subunit composition of Portunus trituberculatus hemocyanin polymers.
AB  - The subunit composition of isolated polymeric forms of Portunus trituberculatus
      hemocyanin were analysed by immunological techniques. The dodecamers contain four
      monomeric subunits corresponding to subunits I, II, III and IV, whereas the
      hexamers are devoid of subunit IV. These results suggest that subunit IV is
      required as a joining piece for the assembly of dodecamers.

PMID- 3382401
TI  - Beta-thalassemia due to a T----A mutation within the ATA box.
AB  - Sequence analyses of amplified DNA from a Yugoslavian patient with Hb Lepore-beta
      thalassemia and from his father with a simple beta-thalassemia trait have
      revealed a T----A mutation within the ATA box at a position 30 base pairs
      upstream from the Cap site. The nucleotide substitution was confirmed through dot
      blot analysis of amplified DNA with specific 32P-labeled synthetic
      oligonucleotide probes. The patient had a clinically severe condition; his Hb
      Lepore-beta-thalassemia was of the beta + type, as about 8-10% of the non-alpha
      chain was normal beta A. The same T----A mutation at nucleotide -30 was present
      on both chromosomes of a young Turkish patient who suffered from a thalassemia
      intermedia with a low level of Hb F (13.1%) and a relatively high beta A chain
      synthesis. These data are similar to those obtained for other types of beta +
      thalassemia caused by comparable substitutions at positions 31, 29, and 28 base
      pairs upstream from the Cap site of the beta-globin gene.

PMID- 3382403
TI  - 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the complex of 2-benzyl-4
      oxo-5,5,5-trifluoropentanoic acid and carboxypeptidase A.
AB  - (dl)-2-Benzyl-4-oxo-5,5,5-trifluoropentanoic acid is a strong transition state
      analog inhibitor of the zinc protease carboxypeptidase A. 19F NMR spectroscopy of
      the aqueous solution of this inhibitor shows the hydrate of the ketone carbonyl
      to be the major species, with a shift of -9.95 ppm. As the pH is varied from 4.9
      to 13.1, a 1.53 ppm downfield shift occurs, giving a pK alpha of 11.10. When
      excess inhibitor is added to the enzyme, a new, bound peak appears at -8.84 ppm,
      in addition to the free hydrate peak. Spectra taken at pH's from 4.90 to 9.15
      show no change in the position of the bound resonance; from 9.15 to 12.15, a 0.26
      ppm upfield shift occurs. The interpretation is that the monoanion of the hydrate
      is the form that binds to the enzyme.

PMID- 3382404
TI  - Homology of histone H1 variants with adenine nucleotide-binding proteins.
AB  - Significant homology was observed between the adenine nucleotide-binding domain
      in the catalytic subunit of bovine protein kinase A and the carboxy-terminal half
      of the globular domain of histone H1. A consensus sequence deducible from several
      previously characterized adenine nucleotide-binding sites is totally conserved in
      H1. In addition, several putative phosphate binding-sites were observed within
      the carboxyterminal tail and one in the cluster of basic amino acids in the
      aminoterminal tail. Both the putative adenine and phosphate-binding sites are
      well conserved through evolution in various species and in different H1 variants.
      The present data thus suggest that histone H1 variants may bind to adenine
      derivatives and imply that they may recognize a specific nucleotide sequence in
      DNA.

PMID- 3382405
TI  - pK shift of functional group in mechanochemical coupling due to hydrophobic
      effect: evidence for an apolar-polar repulsion free energy in water.
AB  - In the sequential polypeptide poly[4(VPGVG),(VPGEG)] and its more hydrophobic
      analog poly[4(IPGVG),(IPGEG)] when the material is gamma-irradiation cross-linked
      to form an elastomeric matrix, mechanochemical coupling occurs on changing the
      pH, that is, motion and mechanical work are achieved by a change in proton
      chemical potential. The temperature dependence of aggregation at different pH
      values in phosphate buffered saline demonstrates the pK to be shifted
      approximately one pH unit higher for the more hydrophobic sequential polypeptide.
      The pH dependence of contraction or relaxation for each elastomer shows a similar
      shift. Data are reviewed and 2D-NMR data are presented which argue that the pK
      shift is not due to different conformations of the polypentapeptides.
      Specifically it is proposed that there exist a competition between carboxylates
      and hydrophobic side chains for mutually incompatible water structures; this
      results in an apolar-polar repulsion free energy in water with the difference in
      free energy reflecting the difference in the lle and Val hydrophobicities.

PMID- 3382406
TI  - Effect of selenium status on mRNA levels for glutathione peroxidase in rat liver.
AB  - To determine the effect of Se status on the level of mRNA for Se-dependent
      glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), rats were fed either a Se-deficient torula
      yeast diet (less than 0.02 mg Se/kg diet) or a Se-adequate diet (+0.2 mg Se/kg as
      Na2SeO3) for greater than 135 d. Liver glutathione peroxidase activity was 0.025
      for Se-deficient versus 0.615 EU/mg protein for Se-adequate rats. Total liver RNA
      and polyadenylated RNA were isolated and subjected to Northern blot analysis
      using a 700 bp DNA probe from cloned murine glutathione peroxidase.
      Autoradiography showed that Se-deficient liver had 7-17% of the mRNA for
      glutathione peroxidase present in Se-adequate liver, suggesting that Se status
      may regulate the level of mRNA for this selenoenzyme.

PMID- 3382407
TI  - Mutation of active site residues in synthetic T4-lysozyme gene and their effect
      on lytic activity.
AB  - The active site amino acids (Glu11 and Asp20) in T4-lysozyme have been mutated to
      their isosteric residues Gln or Asn and/or acidic residues such as Glu----Asp or
      Asp----Glu by the oligonucleotide-replacement method. Out of eight mutants so
      generated the mutant T4-lysozyme obtained from pTLY.Asp11 retains maximum amount
      of activity (approximately 16%), pTLY.Asn20 the least (0.9%) whereas pTLY.Gln11
      lost completely. A systematic study of the active and inactive mutants thus
      generated supports the important role of Glu11 and Asp20 in T4-lysozyme activity
      as predicted in earlier studies.

PMID- 3382408
TI  - Regulation of heme synthesis in HepG2 human hepatoma cells by dimethyl sulfoxide.
AB  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment of human HepG2 hepatoma cells increases the
      activity and the concentration of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) to
      a comparable degree. Results of experiments with transcriptional inhibitors
      suggest that the increase in ALAD reflects de novo synthesis of the enzyme
      resulting from transcriptional activation. Commitment to increased ALAD activity
      in HepG2 cells is seen after 18 hr and complete by 48 hr. In contrast to the
      effects on ALAD, DMSO decreases the activities of porphobilinogen deaminase and
      uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.

PMID- 3382409
TI  - Polyamine distribution among maize embryonic tissues and its relation to seed
      germination.
AB  - Polyamines are known to participate in the control of cell division. In the
      present report, the levels and distribution of polyamines in the embryonic
      tissues of maize seeds were studied to relate them to the reinitiation of cell
      division during seed germination. Results indicate higher contents of polyamines
      in scutellum than in axis tissues of dry seeds. After germination, larger
      increments of the three polyamines were obtained in axes, rather than in
      scutella. Seeds of low viability did not show putrescine increments after
      germination. It is suggested that spermidine and spermine are directly related to
      the germination process.

PMID- 3382410
TI  - Biochemical deficiencies of coenzyme Q10 in HIV-infection and exploratory
      treatment.
AB  - AIDS patients (2 groups) had a blood deficiency (p less than 0.001) of coenzyme
      Q10 vs. 2 control groups. AIDS patients had a greater deficiency (p less than
      0.01) than ARC patients. ARC patients had a deficiency (p less than 0.05) vs.
      control. HIV-infected patients had a deficiency (p less than 0.05) vs. control.
      The deficiency of CoQ10 increased with the increased severity of the disease,
      i.e., from HIV positive (no symptoms) to ARC (constitutional symptoms, no
      opportunistic infection or tumor) to AIDS (HIV infection, opportunistic infection
      and/or tumor). This deficiency, a decade of data on CoQ10 on the immune system,
      on IgG levels, on hematological activity constituted the rationale for treatment
      with CoQ10 of 7 patients with AIDS or ARC. One was lost to follow-up; one expired
      after stopping CoQ10; 5 survived, were symptomatically improved with no
      opportunistic infection after 4-7 months. In spite of poor compliance of 5/7
      patients, the treatment was very encouraging and at times even striking.

PMID- 3382411
TI  - Characteristics of the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by
      homopolypurines.
AB  - Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase partially purified from rat testis was markedly
      inhibited by the homopolypurines polyG, polyI and polyA. The inhibition was
      competitive with respect to poly(ADP-ribose) and the Ki for polyG and polyA was
      2.8 uM and 5.5 uM, respectively. This inhibitory effect of the homopolypurines
      was practically eliminated when 250 mM KCl was present in the reaction mixture.
      Moreover, the inhibition exerted by polyI or polyA was markedly diminished after
      hybridization with polyC or polyT, respectively.

PMID- 3382412
TI  - Free amino acids in rat ocular tissues during postnatal development.
AB  - Amino acid changes in the retina, vitreous, lens, iris-ciliary body and cornea of
      the rat eye were determined during postnatal growth. The amino acid
      concentrations of the ocular tissues showed varying profiles at various
      developmental stages. These results suggest a different timetable for development
      of each ocular tissue or indicate a synthesis of specific proteins in the
      postnatal period. Adult amino acid levels appeared to be fully reached on the
      30th day after birth at the latest. Quantitatively the greatest changes were
      observed in taurine concentrations, which increased in all five ocular tissues
      during maturation. GABA changes paralleled those of taurine in the retina,
      whereas in the other ocular tissues GABA changes were very low. The greatest
      decrease in glutamic acid and aspartic acid concentration during postnatal
      development was in the lens, where these amino acids probably are needed for the
      synthesis of the lenticular proteins, the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-crystallines.

PMID- 3382413
TI  - Microsomal fatty acid desaturation and elongation in a human lung carcinoma grown
      in nude mice.
AB  - Since tumor cells show abnormal fatty acid composition, it is likely that their
      desaturase systems were affected to some extent. Although desaturase activities
      in experimental tumors have been evaluated, to our knowledge, fatty acid
      desaturases in human neoplasms and particularly in human tumors grown in nude
      mice have not been assessed yet. We have therefore, chosen a rapidly growing
      human lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma (HLMC) grown in nude mice to study microsomal
      fatty acid desaturation and chain elongation activities. Tumor microsomal
      proteins were incubated with unlabeled malonyl-CoA and one of the following fatty
      acids: [1-14C]palmitic (16:0), [1-14C]linoleic (18:2), alpha-[1-14C]linolenic
      (alpha-18:3), and unlabeled gamma-linolenic (gamma-18:3) plus [2-14C]malonyl-CoA.
      Data show that HLMC microsomes were capable to desaturate 16:0, alpha-18:3, and
      dihomogammalinolenic acids (20:3) by delta 9, delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase,
      respectively; however, delta 6 desaturase activity on [14C]18:2 was not detected.
      The microsomal elongation system was active in all fatty acid series tested
      except for 18:2. These findings show that the undetectable activity for 18:2
      desaturation is not exclusively found in experimental tumors.

PMID- 3382414
TI  - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in rat bronchopulmonary lavage: detection after in
      vivo labelling.
AB  - Sulfated macromolecules occurring in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid supernatant
      were radiolabelled in vivo by 35SO4, that was insufflated via trachea. DEAE
      Sephacel chromatography dissociated sulfated glycoproteins, presumably of
      tracheobronchial mucus origin, from a minor, but heavily labelled component.
      Degradative analysis and acetyl cellulose electrophoresis identified this
      component as a mixture of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.

PMID- 3382415
TI  - Inhibition of rat liver glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by acrolein.
AB  - The in vitro effect of the toxin and teratogen, acrolein, on the fetal rat liver
      glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme, YcYfetus, was investigated and compared with
      acrolein's effect on some of the adult rat liver glutathione S-transferase
      isoenzymes. Acrolein was found to inhibit all the isoenzymes investigated and
      double-reciprocal plots suggest that inhibition is either noncompetitive or mixed
      type noncompetitive. It is therefore attractive to suggest that should a similar
      situation arise in vivo, it may provide one mechanism for the teratogenicity of
      acrolein.

PMID- 3382416
TI  - A well-characterized plasma membrane fraction obtained from mouse peritoneal
      macrophages.
AB  - A new method was developed to isolate a plasma membrane fraction from
      lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Colchicine treatment
      was followed by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. Total yield of Na,K
      ATPase, a marker of plasma membrane, was 60 +/- 1% with the specific activity of
      37 +/- 3 mumol of Pi/mg of protein/h. The preparation contained 1 +/- 1%
      pinosomes, 2 +/- 1% lysosomes, 17 +/- 2% endoplasmic reticulum, 6 +/-1%
      mitochondria, and a negligible number of nuclei, as judged by distribution of
      markers.

PMID- 3382417
TI  - Evidence for modulation by ATP of amino acid transport in human placenta.
AB  - The effect of ATP on placental amino acid transport was studied by measuring the
      uptake of alpha-(methylamino)-isobutyrate in brush border microvillous plasma
      membrane vesicles prepared from human full-term placental syncytiotrophoblasts
      which were incubated with or without ATP. The presence of a Na+ gradient from the
      outside to the inside of the vesicles prepared after incubation with ATP resulted
      in a higher initial rate and an increased transport of alpha-(methylamino)
      isobutyrate, while Na+ gradient-independent alpha-(methylamino)-isobutyrate
      uptake was not different in either type of membrane vesicle. The increase in
      transport activity was not inhibited by cycloheximide. Kinetic analysis showed
      that ATP enhanced transport activity by increasing the maximal velocity (Vmax) of
      transport, without significant changes in the affinity (Km) of the carrier for
      the substrate, suggesting an increase in carrier number in placental
      syncytiotrophoblasts incubated with ATP.

PMID- 3382418
TI  - Difference between amino acid residues in the metal-ligand environments of iron-
      and manganese-superoxide dismutases.
AB  - Alignment of the amino acid sequences of the Pseudomonas ovalis and
      Photobacterium leiognathi iron-superoxide dismutases (Fe-SODs) with the known
      sequences of the manganese-superoxide dismutases (Mn-SODs) shows that both types
      of SOD are highly homologous (33-53% identity) and share residues for the metal
      coordination. The amino acid residues that form the environment of the metal ions
      appear to be also conserved between the Fe- and Mn-SODs, except that the Phe-84
      and Gln-154 in the Mn-SODs are replaced by Tyr and Ala, respectively, in the Fe
      enzymes. Since this latter residue contributes to formation of the hydrophobic
      metal-ligand environment through hydrogen bonding with Trp-133 and Tyr-34 in the
      Mn-SODs, its substitution by Ala should cause different micro environments
      between the metal centers of the Fe- and Mn-SODs. This difference may account for
      the metal specificity of both types of SODs demonstrated by previous
      reconstitution experiments.

PMID- 3382419
TI  - Purification and characterization of diabetes-inducible cytochrome P-450.
AB  - A diabetes-inducible form of cytochrome P-450, termed P-450DM, was purified to
      electrophoretical homogeneity (MW 51,000) by high-performance liquid
      chromatography from liver microsomes of diabetic rats induced with
      streptozotocin. The CO-reduced absorption maximum of P-450DM was at 452 nm and
      the oxidized heme iron appeared to be predominately in the high-spin state as
      deduced from the Soret maximum at 395 nm. P-450DM was active in aniline
      hydroxylation and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylation. The dealkylation activity
      toward 7-ethoxycoumarin by P-450DM was much enhanced by the addition of
      cytochrome b5.

PMID- 3382420
TI  - Towards the mechanism of protection against indomethacin induced gastro
      intestinal ulceration by naloxone.
AB  - Activities of lysosomal hydrolases have been evaluated in relation to
      indomethacin and naloxone, using purified lysosomal fractions from rat intestinal
      mucosa. Indomethacin treatment significantly decreased (p less than 0.001)
      lysosomal enzyme activities in purified lysosomes, while an increase in the
      activities was observed in intestinal homogenates. However, indomethacin could
      not affect lysosomal system in animals pretreated with naloxone, thereby
      establishing that naloxone neutralises the effect of indomethacin.

PMID- 3382421
TI  - Studies on a partially purified bovine milk lysozyme.
AB  - Bovine milk lysozyme has been partially purified by a method developed in this
      laboratory. We have shown, by preliminary sequential analysis, and by gel
      filtration on HPLC, that the product is a mixture of two components. One of
      these, the enzymically active one, differs in its N-terminal sequence from that
      of "lysozyme 2", a bovine stomach mucosal enzyme, by 7 residues within the first
      39 residues. However, some of its properties differ markedly from those of
      lysozyme 2. The other component, comprising 70% by weight of the total mixture,
      bears no sequential resemblance to any protein known to us. Our two component
      system appears to be the same as the preparation of Chandan et al. (Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 110, 289 (1965], which they concluded was an homogeneous
      preparation of lysozyme.

PMID- 3382422
TI  - Does diabetes mellitus affect diphenylhexatriene penetration into erythrocyte
      membrane ghosts?
AB  - Diphenylhexatriene transverse distribution has been studied in normal and
      diabetic erythrocyte membrane ghosts using fluorescence polarization and
      fluorescence quenching methods. Acrylamide quenched the fluorescence of
      diphenylhexatriene according to a dynamic mechanism in agreement with Stern
      Volmer equation. Nonlinear least-squares analysis based on quenching results has
      shown greater accessibility of fluorophore to quencher molecules in diabetic
      ghosts (37.2 +/- 3.2% in normal vs. 67.5 +/- 6.4% in diabetic membranes). Steady
      state fluorescence anisotropy measurements evidenced the lowered membrane lipid
      fluidity in diabetics (anisotropy values: 0.166 +/- 0.011 in normal subjects vs.
      0.193 +/- 0.018 in diabetics). A model mechanism is proposed which attributes the
      lowered capacity of lipid bilayer in diabetes to the increased ordering and more
      compact structure of membrane phospholipids. The implications of the results for
      the resolving of steady-state anisotropy data are discussed.

PMID- 3382423
TI  - Affinity labeling by a photoreactive GTP analogue of the delta-subunit of
      eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2 in different initiation complexes.
AB  - The interaction of GTP with initiation factor eIF-2 in different complexes was
      studied by affinity labeling using a derivative of [3H]GTP carrying a
      photoreactive group in the alpha-phosphate moiety. In the binary complex [eIF
      2.GTP analogue], in the ternary complex [eIF-2.GTP analogue.Met-tRNAf] as well as
      in the eIF-2. eIF-2B complex the alpha-subunit of eIF-2 was found to be
      specifically labeled. GTP is concluded to interact during polypeptide chain
      initiation with the alpha-subunit of eIF-2 at least by its alpha-phosphate group.

PMID- 3382424
TI  - Histidine decarboxylase from rat gastric mucosa: heterogeneity and enzyme forms
      modification.
AB  - Rat gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase is shown to exist in the crude
      extract as three active charged forms which are separable by isoelectric
      focusing. The distribution of enzyme activity in the three forms is independent
      of the homogenizing medium and of the isoelectric focusing procedure indicating
      that the heterogeneity does not arise during isolation. Multiple forms correspond
      to histidine decarboxylase and are related neither to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
      decarboxylase nor to the result of aggregation. This charge difference between
      the enzyme forms changes according to the time of storage and to the temperature,
      leading to the generation of less negatively charged species. The conversion
      cannot be attributed to proteolytic degradation nor to differences in stability
      between forms. The data indicate that these alternative charged states may really
      result from an in vivo post-translational modification of the enzyme.

PMID- 3382425
TI  - Kinetic properties from bass liver 6-phosphogluconolactonase.
AB  - By specific enzymic synthesis of the substrate 6-phosphogluconolactone "in situ",
      the Km for bass liver 6-phosphogluconolactonase was found to be 90 microM. This
      value is compatible with the kinetic parameters of both glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from bass liver, and hence
      with the flux through the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.

PMID- 3382426
TI  - Induction of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase by a high-protein diet.
AB  - Induction of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase) was observed in rat liver on administration of a high-protein diet.
      The enzyme activity in the liver of rats given 60% and 80% protein diet increased
      to 1.8- and 1.9-fold that in the liver of rats maintained on 20% protein diet,
      with about 2-fold increases in the levels of functional sGOT mRNA, measured by in
      vitro translation. Whereas the activity of mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase did not increase. Induction of cytosolic aspartate
      aminotransferase was also detected immunocytochemically.

PMID- 3382427
TI  - [Synthesis and pharmacological properties of des-9-glycine analogs of
      [Orn8]vasopressin].
AB  - Three new analogues of vasopressin, viz. des-Gly9-[Phe2, Orn8]vasopressin,
      diglycyl-des-Gly9-[Phe2, Orn8]vasopressin, and diglycyl-des-Gly9-[Val4,
      Orn8]vasopressin, were synthesized to investigate the structure-function
      relationship. Hormonal (vasopressor, antidiuretic, uterotonic, galactogogic)
      activities of the new compounds were determined, their effect on elaboration and
      retention of the active avoidance behaviour in rats was studied.

PMID- 3382428
TI  - [Bank of sequences specific for human genome. I. The structure of one of the
      repeats in the Alu family].
AB  - A bank enriched in sequences specific for the human genome was obtained. In
      course of the analysis, a clone containing an Alu family repeat was identified
      and its primary structure determined.

PMID- 3382429
TI  - [Elongation of oligonucleotides covalently bound to the active center of RNA
      polymerase].
AB  - Elongation (mediated by RNA polymerase and NTPs) of the primer oligonucleotide
      residues, covalently fixed near the active centre of RNA polymerase, has been
      studied. Hepta- and octanucleotide residues covalently attached to beta-subunit
      could not be elongated (evidently, because the translocation step is prevented),
      whereas the same residues attached to sigma-subunit were easily elongated. It was
      concluded that ease of the oligonucleotide residue elongation is due to the
      dissociation of sigma-subunit from the transcription complex. The mechanism of
      this dissociation is discussed.

PMID- 3382430
TI  - [A study of the conformation of tRNA(IAGLeu) from the cow mammary gland using
      chemical modification methods].
AB  - The nucleosides of tRNA(IAGLeu) (with a long variable loop) from the cow mammary
      gland included in formation of the three-dimensional structure have been analysed
      by the chemical modification methods. Exposed guanosine and cytidine residues
      were detected by means of dimethylsulfate, whereas diethylpyrocarbonate was used
      to detect exposed adenosine residues. The low level of the modification was
      characteristic of guanosine residues in positions 10 (m2G), 13, 15, 23, 24, 29,
      30, 47 H, 51, 52, 53, 57; of cytidine residues in positions 48 (m5C), 56 and
      those involved in Watson--Crick pairing; of adenosine residues in positions 14,
      22, 31, 42, 59, 64. Most bases of tRNA(IAGLeu) thus detected are similarly
      located in the yeast tRNA(Phe) molecule, which suggests a common role of these
      bases in the formation of the spacial structure of both tRNAs.

PMID- 3382431
TI  - [An improved chemico-enzymatic method of synthesizing long DNA segments].
AB  - A simple and economy method of the biochemical assembling of long double-stranded
      DNA segments is described. A single-stranded polydeoxynucleotide 122 bases long
      representing a fragment of synthetic gene of human beta-interferon was assembled
      from three synthetic fragments 36 (two) and 50 bases long on four complementary
      12-mers as templates. This single-stranded polynucleotide was converted, in the
      presence of DNA polymerase 1 and a 12-meric primer, in to the full-length double
      stranded DNA (the beta-interferon gene segment). It was cloned into an E. coli
      plasmid vector pBR322 and its sequence confirmed.

PMID- 3382432
TI  - [Highly effective complementary addressed laser modification (cleavage) of
      oligodeoxynucleotides].
AB  - Complementary addressed nonlinear photomodification of oligodeoxynucleotide
      dAGAGTATTGACTTA ("target") has been carried out by means of fluorescent
      derivatives of oligonucleotide dpAATACTCT ("addressed chromophore"). Three
      different ethidium derivatives were used as a chromophore. The photomodification
      was induced by nitrogen laser radiation (337 nm, 15 MW/cm2), which led to the
      target cleavage in the addressation region with the yield of the main fragment (8
      bases long) about 10%, formation of specific covalent adduct target-addressed
      chromophore with the yield 20-70%, "hidden" (not revealed by gel electrophoresis)
      target damages with 7-27% yield (for different chromophores). The total yield of
      specific (i. e. localized in the vicinity of the addressation site) modification
      was 50-80%. The target cleavage and hidden damage generation are optically
      nonlinear processes. Piperidine treatment of the irradiated samples caused
      addressed cleavage of the target with up to 40% yield. All kinds of observed
      modification are not effected by high concentrations of free radical scavengers,
      1,3 M t-BuOH or 10 mM cystamine. The bulk of the data is in agreement with the
      mechanism of nonlinear photomodification (the cleavage and hidden damage
      generation) based on the transfer of two-photon excitation energy from the
      chromophore to the target.

PMID- 3382433
TI  - [Synthesis of peptides catalyzed by papain in organic solvents with minimal water
      content].
AB  - Synthesis of a model peptide, Z-Ala-Val-OBut, catalyzed by papain in acetonitrile
      containing 0-5% water was studied. Z-Ala-OCH2CONH2 was used as a carboxyl
      component. The optimal concentration of water was found to be 0.3-0.5%. Under
      these conditions the reaction rate is 50 to 100 times lower than in water but the
      yield of the peptide can be as high as 99.5%. Effect of reagent concentrations
      and temperature on the reaction was also studied.

PMID- 3382435
TI  - [Total synthesis and properties of prostaglandins. XIV. Amide derivatives of
      3alpha-tetrahydrofuranyloxy-5-hydroxyimino-2beta- (3alpha-tetrahydrofuranyloxy
      trans-1-octenyl)-cyclopentane- 1alpha-acetic acid].
AB  - Several novel prostaglandins containing an amide group in the alpha-chain have
      been prepared by the mixed carbonic anhydride method from 3 alpha
      tetrahydrofuranyloxy-5-hydroxyimino-2 beta-(3 alpha- tetrahydrofuranyloxy-trans-1
      octenyl)-cyclopentane-1 alpha-acetic acid and omega-amino acids with a linear
      chain of varying length (CH2-group number from 1 to 7). The physico-chemical
      properties of the title compounds were studied.

PMID- 3382434
TI  - [Effect of N4-methylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine on the stability of the DNA
      helix].
AB  - The thermodynamic parameters (delta H, delta S) of the helix-coil transition of
      self-complementary oligonucleotides d(CGCGCGCG), d(CG5mCGCGCG), d(CG4mCGCGCG),
      d(GGACCCGGGTCC), d(GGA5mCCCGGGTCC), and d(GGA4mCCCGGGTCC) were determined. The
      substitution of 4mC for C was found to decrease the melting temperature of the
      oligonucleotides. The destabilization effect of the two substitutions is
      equivalent to the change of A.T for G.C pair. The free energy decrease of the
      helix-coil transition due to the introduction of two 4mC into an octanucleotide
      was estimated to be 1,24 kcal/mol.

PMID- 3382436
TI  - [Synthesis of pentadeutereted pregnanediol glucuronide].
AB  - The synthesis of 2,2,3,4,4-pentadeuteropregnanediol glucuronide sodium salt, an
      isotopically substituted analogue of the main progesterone metabolite, have been
      accomplished. The starting 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol bis-tert
      butyldimethylsilyl ether was converted by consecutive selective desilylation and
      oxidation into 5 beta-pregnane-20 alpha-ol-3-one 20-monoether. The latter's alpha
      hydrogen atoms were exchanged for deuteriums by treatment with D2O-MeOD mixture
      catalysed with sodium carbonate, and 2,2,4,4-tetradeuterated 3-ketone formed was
      reduced by sodium borodeuteride into 2,2,3,4,4-pentadeuterated pregnanediol 20
      silyl ether. The ether was glucuronidated under Koenigs-Knorr method with (2,3,4
      tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosylbromide) uronate in the presence of Ag2O. The
      completely protected pentadeuterated pregnanediol glucuronide resulted was
      converted into the above mentioned sodium salt by consecutive hydrofluoric acid
      hydrolysis and treatment with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution.

PMID- 3382437
TI  - [Synthesis, cloning and primary structure of cDNA for proopiomelanocortin from
      the pituitary gland of the mink (Mustella vison)].
AB  - Total RNA was extracted from Mustella vison pituitary gland, and cDNA for
      proopiomelanocortin mRNA was synthesised and cloned. A 600 b. p. insert encoding
      for total ACTH, beta LPH and 3'-nontranslated end of the mRNA was sequenced using
      the Maxam-Gilbert technique.

PMID- 3382438
TI  - [Rapid automated synthesis of polydeoxynucleotides].
AB  - A rapid automatic method of synthesis of deoxypolynucleotides from 5'-O
      dimethoxytritylnucleoside-3'-H-phosphonates is described. An improved
      construction of synthesizer "Gene-2" adapted for this method has been developed.
      The modified scheme of synthesis included detritylation with trifluoroacetic
      acids in dichloromethane, washing with acetonitrile instead of pyridine-
      acetonitrile mixture and one-step oxidation with iodine solution in acetic acid
      and pyridine instead of two-step oxidation in the presence of amines. By means of
      this method, more then 160 polynucleotides containing 8 to 83 monomers were
      prepared for various biochemical goals including synthesis of promotor 9(260 bp)
      of the mouse metallothionein-I gene and of promotor and leader sequence (120 bp)
      of gene of the E. coli alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 3382439
TI  - [Effective synthesis of cyclic analogs of bradykinin].
AB  - Cyclo-epsilon-(L-lysine1, glycine6-bradykinin) (CLGB) and cyclo-epsilon-kallidin
      have been synthesised in solution. To prepare linear precursors, fragment
      condensation (3 + 3 or 4) + 3 was used. Peptide bond formation, including
      cyclization, was carried out mainly through intermediate pentafluorophenyl
      esters. After purification on silicagel, protected cyclopeptides were obtained
      with a 50 to 60% yield. The protecting groups were eliminated by treatment with
      hydrogen fluoride in the presence of anisole. CLGB and CK were purified by
      droplet countercurrent chromatography and by reversed-phase HPLC, respectively.

PMID- 3382440
TI  - [Comparison of conformation characteristics of bradykinin and igercin molecules].
AB  - A certain resemblance of three-dimensional molecular organizations of the known
      peptide bioregulator bradykinin (Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg) and the
      tentative cytophilic centre of the human IgE igercin (Arg-Ala-Val-Ser-Val-Asn-Pro
      Gly-Lys) existing along with their pronounced structural similarity was shown by
      means of energy calculations. This is, however, not the case with the
      "biologically active" bradykinin conformations suggested earlier.

PMID- 3382441
TI  - [Molecular and crystallographic structure of D-11-aza-19-nortestosterone].
AB  - Crystal and molecular structure of D-11-aza-19-nortestosterone monohydrate
      C17H25NO2.H2O (a 8,288(2), b 12,433(2), c 7,570(2) A, beta 90,25(1) degrees;
      space group P2(1), R 8.3%) has been determined by X-ray analysis. Its comparison
      with the molecular structure of D-19-nortestosterone showed that the decrease in
      the hormonal activity upon 11-aza-substitution may be due to difference in
      chemical properties of imino and methylene groups.

PMID- 3382442
TI  - [Nucleotide sequence of genes for alpha- and beta-subunits of luciferase from
      Photobacterium leiognathi].
AB  - Nucleotide sequence of the Photobacterium leiognathi DNA containing genes of
      alpha and beta subunits of luciferase has been determined. We also deduced amino
      acid sequence and molecular mass of luciferase and localized luciferase genes in
      the sequenced DNA fragment.

PMID- 3382443
TI  - [Primary structure of the full-length DNA copy of the neuraminidase gene in the
      avian influenza virus of the N7 antigenic subtype].
AB  - Complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length DNA copy of the influenza
      virus A/FPV Weybridge (H7N7) neuraminidase gene has been determined.

PMID- 3382444
TI  - [Synthesis and properties of C13-substituted retinals].
AB  - Several analogues of all-trans-retinal were synthesised, containing, instead of
      CH3-group at C13, the following substituents: H, C[2H]3, C2H5, iso-C3H7, C4H9,
      C6H5 or alpha-C10H8. The compounds synthesised on coupling with bacterioopsin
      gave artificial chromoproteins, which retained the ability to participate in the
      cycle of photochemical transformations and H+-transport.

PMID- 3382445
TI  - Neonatal lupus risk to newborns of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We prospectively studied 91 infants born to women with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) or with SLE-like disease. Thirty-eight infants, including 3
      sets of twins, were born to women who had anti-Ro, anti-La, or anti-RNP
      antibodies. Four infants had definite neonatal lupus, and 4 had possible neonatal
      lupus. No prospectively studied infant had congenital heart block. The presence
      of neonatal lupus did not correlate with the titer of anti-Ro antibodies. During
      the same time period, 2 additional babies with neonatal lupus and congenital
      heart block were born to mothers not previously known to have SLE. Taken
      together, these findings confirm the association of anti-Ro antibody with
      neonatal lupus, but indicate that life-threatening neonatal lupus is rare in
      children born to mothers who are known to have SLE, even when antibodies to Ro,
      La, or RNP are present. Prophylactic therapy is therefore not indicated for these
      women. An important proportion of mothers bearing children with neonatal lupus do
      not have recognized SLE and, currently, cannot be prospectively identified.

PMID- 3382446
TI  - A model of health status for rheumatoid arthritis. A factor analysis of the
      Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales.
AB  - Health status is a key aspect of quality of life that may be addressed and
      affected by health care. The measurement of this construct requires the
      identification of unique and relevant components of health status that can be
      operationally defined by specific scales or scale groupings. We explored the
      components of health status that are operationalized by the Arthritis Impact
      Measurement Scales (AIMS). Prior testing has shown that the AIMS measures
      delineate at least 3 components of health status: Physical Function,
      Psychological Status, and Pain. This 3-component model, however, can be
      theoretically and empirically restrictive. Using AIMS responses from a rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) patient population, our investigation, through factor analyses,
      identifies 5 components of health status in this chronic disease: Lower Extremity
      Function, Upper Extremity Function, Affect, Symptom, and Social Interaction. It
      is proposed that these intuitively reasonable and measurable components
      constitute the core of the health status construct for individuals with RA. These
      5 components could also prove central to the assessment of health status in other
      rheumatic diseases. Future studies of health status in RA should include tested
      measures to assess these 5 components.

PMID- 3382447
TI  - What are we measuring? An examination of self-reported functional status
      measures.
AB  - Functional status questionnaires are being used in various types of studies. To
      determine factors related to self-reported functional ability for rheumatoid
      arthritis patients, we examined the relationship between a functional and mental
      health questionnaire and objective disease-specific measures. Using 3-5 predictor
      variables, we explained 43-57% of the variance in patients' self-reported
      functioning. Mental and physical health perceptions were significant predictors
      for each self-reported functional measure. The relationships among mental health
      and self-reported functioning should be considered when interpreting studies that
      use functional status questionnaires.

PMID- 3382448
TI  - Trends in incidence and clinical presentation of temporal arteritis in Olmsted
      County, Minnesota, 1950-1985.
AB  - Ninety-four Olmsted County, Minnesota residents with temporal arteritis (TA)
      initially diagnosed between 1950 and 1985 (incidence cohort) were identified. The
      age- and sex-adjusted incidence of TA per 100,000 population age 50 years or
      older was 17.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.6-20.5), with a marked increase
      in incidence with age and a threefold greater incidence in women (23.4, 95% CI
      18.2-28.7) than in men (7.4, 95% CI 3.7-11.0). The previously described secular
      increase in TA incidence in Olmsted County women continued from 1970 through
      1985, while TA incidence in men declined in this latter time period. Although the
      frequency of classic clinical manifestations of TA declined over time, the
      percentage of patients undergoing biopsy who have positive specimens remained
      relatively constant (women 41%, men 26%). The incidence rate of temporal artery
      biopsy also increased for women during this period, but declined for men,
      suggesting that the differing trends in TA incidence by sex may be partially
      attributable to a detection bias. Future research in TA etiology and epidemiology
      should focus on possible causal factors linked to the differential TA incidence
      by sex.

PMID- 3382449
TI  - Chondrocalcinosis in surgically resected joints.
AB  - To investigate the association between chondrocalcinosis (CC) and osteoarthritis
      (OA), 338 joint specimens were examined histologically (55 knees and 84 hips
      surgically resected because of idiopathic OA, 106 control knees obtained
      postmortem, and 93 fractured hips). The risk for CC in the OA knees was sixfold
      that of the age- and sex-adjusted control sections. CC occurred much less
      frequently in the hip than in the knee; the association with OA was less clear
      cut. It was not possible to resolve by statistical analysis which of the two
      pathological processes was the horse and which was the cart.

PMID- 3382450
TI  - Antibodies against native type II collagen do not precede the clinical onset of
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Serum levels of IgG and IgM antibodies to native human type II collagen were
      determined in 22 pre-illness sera from subjects who developed seropositive
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 4 months to 5 years after sera were obtained, in 51
      specimens from 35 healthy controls, and in 4-5 specimens from 58 patients with
      recent-onset RA. The antibody levels in all pre-illness serum specimens fell
      within the range seen for the healthy controls. Four RA patients had an IgG class
      antibody level and 4 had an IgM class antibody level that was above the highest
      level observed for controls, in at least 1 serum sample. No significant
      difference in the mean level of anticollagen antibodies was observed in the
      followup specimens from RA patients.

PMID- 3382451
TI  - Repeat radiation synovectomy with dysprosium 165-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates
      in rheumatoid knees unresponsive to initial injection.
AB  - Because of failure to fully respond to an initial intraarticular injection of
      dysprosium 165-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates, 17 patients with seropositive
      rheumatoid arthritis underwent repeat radiation synovectomy using this agent. Of
      the 13 patients who were evaluated 1 year later, 54% (7 knees) had good results,
      31% (4 knees) had fair results, and 15% (2 knees) had poor results. The initial
      lack of significant benefit from radiation synovectomy did not appear to preclude
      a favorable response to a second injection.

PMID- 3382452
TI  - Apophyseal arthritis limits lumbar motion in patients with ankylosing
      spondylitis.
AB  - Ankylosing spondylitis patients who develop progressive spinal flexion may assume
      this posture to alleviate the pain of apophyseal arthritis. To examine this
      relationship, we scored injury to L4-L5 and L5-S1 apophyseal joints, as assessed
      by computed tomography, in 10 men with early ankylosing spondylitis. Both by the
      modified Schober test and by radiography of the lateral spine, impaired spinal
      motion correlated highly with evidence of apophyseal injury.

PMID- 3382453
TI  - Neuromuscular histopathology in (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 and MRL
      lpr/lpr autoimmune mice: models for skeletal muscle involvement in connective
      tissue disease.
AB  - Skeletal muscle from (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 and MRL-lpr/lpr
      mice was examined for histopathologic abnormalities. Although young animals had
      no muscle abnormalities, older mice in both strains had the following
      histopathologic abnormalities: perimysial/endomysial inflammation, acute simple
      denervation, muscle degeneration/necrosis, and an increase in internal nuclei.
      MRL-lpr/lpr mice had the following additional histopathologic abnormalities:
      inflammatory vascular disease (vasculitis), central myofibrillar loss, fascial
      inflammation, and tubular aggregates. These abnormalities are comparable with
      those seen in human connective tissue diseases, particularly the association with
      inflammation. These mouse strains provide good animal models for the study of
      immunopathologic processes of skeletal muscle associated with connective tissue
      disease.

PMID- 3382454
TI  - Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and smokeless tobacco.

PMID- 3382455
TI  - Tophi on the lymphedematous foot of a normouricemic man.

PMID- 3382456
TI  - Recurrent ibuprofen-induced aseptic meningitis: third episode after only 200 mg
      of generic ibuprofen.

PMID- 3382457
TI  - Effects of cadralazine on contractions induced by norepinephrine, serotonin,
      angiotensin II and K+ in rabbit aortic and renal arterial strips.
AB  - Antagonistic effects of the new antihypertensive agent cadralazine (ethyl(+/-)-6
      [ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)-amino]-3-pyridazinecarbazate ) and its metabolite ISF
      2405 [+/-)-6-[ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-hydrazinopyridazine) on
      norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), angiotensin II (angio II)
      and KCl induced contractions of rabbit abdominal aortic and renal arterial strips
      were compared with those of hydralazine. Substantially, cadralazine does not
      exert any effect on cumulative dose-response curves of these agonists in both
      vessel preparations even with the highest concentration of 10(-4) mol/l. ISF-2405
      and hydralazine at concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-6) mol/l showed non
      competitive antagonism, depending not only on the dose but also on the length of
      the pretreatment time, on NE-induced contractions of abdominal aorta and renal
      artery. The two drugs attained maximal pD2 values with 60 min pretreatment
      without showing significant difference between the two vessel preparations,
      suggesting that the inhibitory effect of these drugs does not show vascular bed
      related difference against NE-induced contractions. 60 min pretreatment with 10(
      6) and 10(-5) mol/l of ISF-2405 and hydralazine also manifested non-competitive
      antagonism on contractile responses to serotonin, angio II, and K+ for both
      compounds. The degree of antagonistic effects of ISF-2405 and hydralazine on
      these agonists is similar, the order being angio II greater than serotonin
      greater than NE greater than K+. These results suggest that ISF-2405 and
      hydralazine exert direct vasodilating effects by the same mode of action at a
      site other than receptors against Ca2+ mobilization.

PMID- 3382458
TI  - Effects of cadralazine on contractions induced by Ca2+ and norepinephrine in
      isolated rabbit aortic strips.
AB  - Antagonistic effects of the new antihypertensive agent cadralazine (ethyl(+/-)-6
      [ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)-amino]-3-pyridazinecarbazate ) and its metabolite ISF
      2405 [+/-)-6-[ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-hydrazinopyridazine) on contractile
      responses to CaCl2 in K+-depolarised medium and to norepinephrine (NE) in Ca2+
      free medium were compared with those of hydralazine using isolated rabbit
      abdominal aortic strips. Even at high doses of cadralazine (10(-4) mol/l), ISF
      2405 (10(-5) mol/l) and hydralazine (10(-5) mol/l), only less than 10% inhibition
      was observed on dose-dependent contractions induced by CaCl2, 0.05 to 6.4 mmol/l,
      in K+ 40 mmol/l medium. NE produced dose-dependent contractions even in Ca2+-free
      medium at concentrations of 10(-9) to 3 X 10(-5) mol/l, and the maximal response
      was diminished to about 45% of the response in the presence of Ca2+. Cadralazine
      10(-4) mol/l exerted no effect on Ca2+-free NE-induced contractions, while ISF
      2405 and hydralazine at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l were equipotent,
      showing marked dose-dependent, non-competitive inhibition on NE-induced
      contractions. These results suggest that ISF-2405 and hydralazine show
      vasodilating effect through the inhibition of the Ca2+-release from intracellular
      storage but not via inhibition of the potential dependent Ca2+ influx.

PMID- 3382459
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of cadralazine in hexamethonium treated and non-treated
      anesthetized dogs.
AB  - Hemodynamic effects of the newly synthesized vasodilator cadralazine (ethyl(+/)-6
      [ethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3- pyridazinecarbazate) were compared with those of
      hydralazine and budralazine in hexamethonium treated and non-treated anesthetized
      dogs. In hexamethonium non-treated dogs, cadralazine (1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.) exerted
      a dose-dependent and sustained decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial blood
      pressure similar to that of budralazine (10 mg/kg i.v.) and the effect was slow
      in onset and long lasting until 5 h after administration compared with
      hydralazine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg i.v.). Total peripheral vascular resistance was
      decreased by these three drugs. The common carotid, femoral and renal arterial
      blood flow increased as a result of the decrease in vascular resistance, but the
      superior mesenteric arterial flow has not significantly changed. Blood flow
      increase in the renal artery was fast and that in the femoral artery was
      predominant. Treatment with hexamethonium decreased blood pressure, but
      cadralazine caused a further decrease within 60 min similarly to the decrease
      pattern of hydralazine. Common carotid and femoral arterial vascular resistance
      also decreased by hexamethonium treatment and a further decrease was observed by
      administration of cadralazine. Heart rate and cardiac output were immediately and
      significantly increased by cadralazine, but the increment in heart rate was
      diminished by the treatment with hexamethonium. Therefore the tachycardiac
      response is assumed to be caused by baroreceptor reflex and compensates the
      decrease in vascular resistance which results in moderation of manifestation of
      the early stage hypotensive effect of cadralazine.

PMID- 3382460
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of 4-oxa-5-exo-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo- [5.2.1.0. 2,6
      endo] dec-8-en-3-one in the rat].
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of 4-Oxa-5-exo-(N-methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo- [5.2.1.0.
      2,6endo]dec-8-en-3one in the Rat The pharmacokinetics of 4-oxa-5-exo-(N
      methylcarbamoyloxy)-tricyclo- [5.2.1.0. 2,6endo]dec-8-en-3one (Lu 253) were
      investigated after oral application in male Wistar rats. The compound is
      extensively absorbed and mainly renally eliminated. Within 60 h, 63% of the
      activity is recovered in urine and faeces. After 12 h 27% of the activity is
      eliminated (application in polyethylene glycol). The highest total concentration
      of the activity in the plasma is found after 2 h, the highest of the unchanged
      drug is found after 1 h. The half-life is 2.9 h. The concentration in plasma is
      mathematically characterized by the parameters of a two-compartiment model and
      also independent of a model. Lu 253 is distributed in the whole organism, a
      maximum of activity is achieved 2 h after application. By whole-body
      autoradiography the entrance of the compound into liquor and an enduring
      accumulation in the frontal cavity is detected.

PMID- 3382461
TI  - [Computer-assisted static and dynamic pupillometry for the characterization of
      tricyclic antidepressive agent, cianopramine].
AB  - Utilizing static and light-evoked dynamic pupillometry, in a placebo-controlled
      study 14 normal volunteers (9 males and 5 females) in the age range between 22 to
      40 years were studied before and after administration of one single dose of 2 mg
      cianopramine (Ro 11-2465), further after 3 weeks therapy with 1, 2 and 3 mg
      cianopramine, respectively, and after a superimposed single dose of 3 mg
      cianopramine on the top of chronic administration. After acute administration of
      2 mg cianopramine, marked pupillary changes started already in the 2nd h, peaked
      in the 4th h and lasted up to the 10th h. While the widening of the pupil
      indicates the adrenergic and possible noradrenergic effect of cianopramine on the
      pupil, the attenuation of spontaneous fluctuations suggests concomitant fatigue.
      The attenuation of the light-evoked narrowing of the pupillary diameter as well
      as the reduction of pupillary dynamics (increase of latency time and decrease of
      relative changes) reflect the direct and/or indirect efficacy of cianopramine on
      the light reaction of the pupil. After chronic administration the changes (as
      compared with baseline) are still visible although less pronounced than after
      acute therapy which suggests adaptation phenomena. A superimposed single dose of
      3 mg cianopramine in addition to the 3-week chronic treatment did not result in
      further changes as compared with the chronic effect--with one exception of an
      additional decrease of spontaneous fluctuations.

PMID- 3382463
TI  - [Antivertiginous action of vitamin B 6 on experimental minocycline-induced
      vertigo in man].
AB  - By means of a former investigation it has been proved equilibriometrically that
      the application of 7 X 100 mg minocycline may induce a central equilibrium
      dysregulation of the brainstem type. It was the purpose of this study to further
      assure that the minocycline induced brainstem vertigo is due to a destabilization
      of a supervisory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic loop from the
      archeocerebellum upon the pontomedullary vestibular regulating pathways. As it is
      pharmacologically known that pyridoxine is essential for the synthesis of GABA,
      an inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter, 2 separate double blind trials on 20 healthy
      young persons each were carried out after the intake of 7 X 100 mg minocycline
      during 3 days with and without 7 X 40 mg pyridoxine simultaneously. These trials
      were checked against an additional placebo or initial non drug investigation. In
      all the 40 test persons it could be proved that the amount of vertigo and nausea
      symptoms was increased significantly due to the application of minocycline only.
      However, when combining minocycline with vitamin B 6, the vertigo and nausea
      symptoms as well as the nystagmus signs from the monaural and the binaural
      vestibular ocular tests as well as the vestibular spinal signs from the
      craniocorpography recordings of the stepping and the standing procedures were
      remarkably reduced. There were no statistical differences between the initial or
      placebo trials versus the trials with a combination of minocycline with vitamin B
      6. The same holds for the vestibular vegetative reactions, measured by the
      simultaneous electrocardiography during the vestibular tests. All the
      equilibriometric tests applied showed a significant destabilization under the
      influence of a pure minocycline loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382462
TI  - Effect of nimodipine upon electroencephalographic vigilance in elderly persons
      with minor impairment of brain functions.
AB  - 10 volunteers (61-78 years) with minor impairment of brain function were given
      placebo, 40 mg and 60 mg nimodipine (Nimotop) in single doses with intervals of 3
      medication-free days between medications under double-blind conditions.
      Consecutive 2-s epochs of a 10-min EEG record (resting conditions) of F3/C3-F4/C4
      P3/01-P4/02 were subjected to FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). Using the information
      given by the 4 leads for each minute of recording the number of epochs which
      correspond to a stage A or non-A were determined. In order to evaluate subtle
      effects on electroencephalographic vigilance within stage A, also the anterior
      posterior and left-right relations of absolute alpha-power were calculated. Since
      previous findings suggested that a nimodipine effect can only be demonstrated
      when individual differences in the baseline-EEG are considered, the subjects were
      subdivided in equal subgroups according to the number of non-A epochs under
      placebo. The rationale for this is the finding that in geriatric patients two
      electroencephalographically distinguishable forms of dissolution can be observed.
      Under both 40 mg and 60 mg nimodipine the subgroup with a prevalence of non-A
      epochs (poor alpha-activity) showed a decrease of non-A epochs; the subgroup with
      a prevalence of A-epochs (abundant alpha-activity), an increase. Opposite results
      for the two subgroups were also obtained for the left-right relations of alpha
      power over the anterior regions. Under 40 mg nimodipine the subgroup with poor
      alpha-activity showed a shift to the left; the subgroup with abundant alpha
      activity to the right. Under 60 mg nimodipine both subgroups showed a shift to
      the left. The results confirm findings that nimodipine stabilizes
      electroencephalographic vigilance at a medium level. Moreover they suggest a dose
      dependence of the effect, i.e., at higher doses nimodipine seems to act as a
      sedative.

PMID- 3382464
TI  - Determination of flurazepam and its major metabolites N-1-hydroxyethyl- and N-1
      desalkylflurazepam in plasma by capillary gas chromatography.
AB  - In the present paper we describe a method for the quantitative determination of
      flurazepam (I) and two of its metabolites, N-1-desalkylflurazepam (II) and N-1
      hydroxyethylflurazepam (III), in serum after therapeutic dosings is described.
      The method is sensitive (lower limit of quantification for I and III: 1 ng/ml,
      for II: 2 ng/ml), selective and--compared to the analytical approaches already
      published--simple to handle. Thus this assay is well suitable for determinations
      during clinical studies (e.g. evaluating the pharmacokinetics,
      bioavailability/bioequivalence). Following simple extraction- and derivatization
      steps (the latter being only required for III) the extract is injected directly
      onto a fused-silica, bonded-phase capillary column of a gas chromatograph and the
      compounds of interest detected by an electron-capture detector (ECD). The assay
      has been used successfully during several clinical studies, especially as very
      low dosages result in also very low blood concentrations.

PMID- 3382465
TI  - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of clonidine in body fluids.
      Application to pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Depending on the very low therapeutic doses of clonidine and the resulting low
      blood levels (in the pg/ml range), for quantitative determinations in body fluids
      only methods of necessary selectivity as well as corresponding sensitivity can be
      employed successfully. Furthermore, the method should also be suited for the
      rapid processing of large sample numbers generated e.g. during clinical studies
      evaluating pharmacokinetics and/or the bioavailability/bioequivalence. Thus a gas
      chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay was developed employing fused-silica,
      bonded-phase capillary columns, chemical ionization with ammonia as a selective
      reagent gas in combination with the registration of preselected, characteristic
      negative ions (SIR, NICI) and a deuterated internal standard. Therefore, the
      method proves to be exceptionally selective and sensitive: a lower limit of
      detection of 10 pg/ml plasma is reached, the calibration curve is linear in the
      25-1500 pg/ml range and the recovery from blood exceeds 90%. The assay has been
      successfully approved in several clinical studies, whereby especially the simple
      sample preparation led to very short times for analysis.

PMID- 3382466
TI  - Determination of sotalol in human body fluids for pharmacokinetic and
      toxicokinetic studies using high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive, reliable and discriminating assay method is reported for the
      determination of sotalol (4-(1-hydroxy-2
      isopropylaminoethyl)methanesulfonanilide) in human plasma and urine. The assay
      procedure has been successfully used during pharmacokinetic studies in healthy
      volunteers and patients as well as during toxicokinetic analysis. For sample
      preparation the internal standard atenolol was added to the specimen which was
      then extracted with n-pentanol-chloroform (1/3) at pH 9.0 followed by re
      extraction into 0.05 mol/l sulfuric acid. Chromatography with fluorimetric
      detection was performed on Hypersil ODS 5 micron including the addition of
      heptanesulfonic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate to the mobile phase of
      acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (20/79/1). Calibration was linear over the ranges
      of 0.1 to 5.0 micrograms/ml and 0.2 to 100 micrograms/ml for plasma and urine,
      respectively. Over these ranges coefficients of variation were below 10%.
      Recovery was between 82 and 98% from plasma and between 92 and 99% from urine.

PMID- 3382467
TI  - Marketing '88: quality, pricing, and sales.

PMID- 3382468
TI  - In vitro fertilization enters stormy adolescence as experts debate the odds.

PMID- 3382469
TI  - The AIDS pandemic. Whose problem?

PMID- 3382470
TI  - Preventing HIV transmission in health care settings.

PMID- 3382471
TI  - Nurse management of the HIV-infected employee.

PMID- 3382472
TI  - AIDS education at the worksite.

PMID- 3382473
TI  - The antibody test for AIDS. Uses and limitations.

PMID- 3382474
TI  - Nursing and AIDS. Knowledge and attitudes.

PMID- 3382475
TI  - Workers with AIDS. Attitudes of fellow employees.

PMID- 3382476
TI  - Research and clinical awards. A demonstration of excellence.

PMID- 3382477
TI  - Influence of meperidine on fetal movements and heart rate beat-to-beat
      variability in the active phase of labor.
AB  - Eleven parturients were studied in the active phase of labor. Fetal movements,
      fetal heart rate, and short-term beat-to-beat variability as well as uterine
      contractions were evaluated for two 40-minute recording periods before and after
      maternal intravenous administration of 50 mg meperidine. Meperidine depressed
      fetal activity and increased the duration and frequency of uterine contractions.
      Fetal movements were significantly reduced from 156 to 60 and their relative
      duration from 8.6 +/- 6.0% to 2.4 +/- 2.6% (p less than 0.01). The short-term
      fetal heart rate beat-to-beat variability was reduced at the baseline period 5.22
      +/- 1.02 versus 4.62 +/- 1.47 (p less than 0.05) but not during uterine
      contractions or fetal movements. The frequency of uterine contractions increased
      from 3.1 +/- 0.8 to 3.7 +/- 0.7 per 10 minutes (p less than 0.01), and their
      relative duration from 35.3 +/- 6.9% to 40.1 +/- 5.9% (p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3382478
TI  - Cocaine use in pregnant women in a large public hospital.
AB  - Cocaine has been reported to be associated with several pregnancy complications
      such as abruptio placentae, an increase in the incidence of low birthweight
      infants, and congenital malformations in the newborn. With the increasing
      frequency of cocaine abuse of women of childbearing age in the United States,
      clinicians can reasonably be expected to encounter increasing numbers of pregnant
      women who use cocaine. The exact prevalence of cocaine use during pregnancy is
      not known. In the present series of 102 pregnant women, the prevalence of cocaine
      use was 9.8%, with a 95% confidence interval of 3.9 to 15.7%. There was one
      mother who had an abruptio placentae and there was one infant who had a
      congenital malformation among the ten women with a history of cocaine use during
      pregnancy. The mean birthweight was 3180 +/- 380 gm for infants born to mothers
      who used cocaine compared with 3250 +/- 422 gm (p = NS) for the infants born to
      mothers who did not use cocaine. A significant number of pregnant women in our
      population use cocaine during pregnancy.

PMID- 3382479
TI  - Effect of magnesium sulfate on fetal heart rate variability in preeclamptic
      patients during labor.
AB  - Forty-two preeclamptic patients between 36 and 41 weeks gestation were
      investigated for baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) variability 1 hour after the
      initiation of magnesium therapy, at midlabor, and at the time of delivery. With a
      standard regimen of intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy, the mean maternal
      serum magnesium levels at the three different sampling times were statistically
      different (f = 6.94, p less than 0.01 by one-way analysis of variance),
      documenting the cumulative effect of continuous intravenous magnesium
      administration. The majority of the fetuses (86%) that exhibited a decrease in
      long-term FHR variability were associated with a maternal serum magnesium level
      above the lower limit of the therapeutic range (4.8 mg/dl). Of all fetuses whose
      maternal serum magnesium levels were 4.8 mg/dl or greater at delivery, only 40%
      exhibited a decrease in FHR variability. A higher mean maternal magnesium level,
      a higher mean cord blood magnesium level, and a higher total dose of magnesium
      sulfate were observed in the group of fetuses showing a decrease in FHR
      variability than in the group showing no change in FHR variability. The good
      fetal outcome seen in both study populations suggests that the effect of
      magnesium sulfate on FHR variability is a transient, reversible phenomenon that
      should not be considered as a sign of fetal distress.

PMID- 3382480
TI  - Conservative management of abdominal gunshot wound in a pregnant woman.
AB  - An abdominal gunshot wound in pregnancy warrants prompt surgical exploration but
      does not mandate uterine evacuation. Despite an entry and exit bullet wound to
      the uterus an apparent desire for pregnancy termination, a conservative approach
      was adopted with primary repair of the uterus, in conjunction with surgical
      repair of associated injuries.

PMID- 3382481
TI  - Green baby: a consequence of intrauterine exposure to Evan's blue dye.
AB  - Evan's blue dye was accidentally injected into the fetus. This caused a bluish
      discoloration of the skin that gradually changed to a greenish color. The
      greenish color disappeared after 3 weeks and there were no other sequelae to this
      iatrogenic complication.

PMID- 3382482
TI  - Fatal echovirus type 7 in a premature infant.
AB  - Echovirus 7 infections have not been previously recognized as fatal in neonates.
      A premature male member of a twin gestation developed an echovirus 7 infection at
      5 days of age and succumbed to it. The clinical manifestations were similar to an
      echovirus 11 infection described in neonates. The second twin was free of illness
      as well as of virus shedding.

PMID- 3382483
TI  - Reproducibility of the diagnosis of cervicitis in pregnancy.
AB  - Cervicitis has been associated with several infections of the female genital
      tract. Criteria have been established for making the diagnosis of cervicitis in
      gynecologic populations but there are no well-established criteria for diagnosing
      cervicitis in obstetrical populations. Because of the association of the
      cervicitis and sexually transmitted diseases, and because of the association of
      sexually transmitted diseases and adverse pregnancy outcome, the present study
      was undertaken in an attempt to establish criteria for the diagnosis of
      cervicitis in pregnancy. We also attempted to determine the reproducibility of
      that diagnosis with respect to intra- and interobserver variability. We concluded
      that intraobserver variability is improved after specific training has been
      completed and that interobserver variability may be reduced to an acceptable
      level. On a public health scale, this may allow for identification of a
      population at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcome when sophisticated
      microbiologic techniques are unavailable.

PMID- 3382484
TI  - How perinatologists manage the problem of the presenting breech.
AB  - A questionnaire regarding controversies in management of the breech presentation
      was answered by 405 maternal-fetal medicine subspecialists. Legal concerns
      strongly influenced clinical management in 63% of respondents. External cephalic
      version was considered both safe and effective in 90 and 83% of respondents,
      respectively. Three-quarters of those who responded usually allow a trial of
      labor in selected term frank breech presentations. Of the respondent subset, 43%
      usually augment hypotonic contractions with oxytocin. Only 57% agreed there was
      sufficient literature to favor cesarean section for the 28 to 31 weeks breech
      presentation, and only 43% so agreed for the 32 to 34 week frank breech.
      Nevertheless, in these situations, 94 and 83%, respectively, actually perform
      cesarean section in clinical practice. More than 75% agreed that a prospective
      study is needed to determine the correct delivery mode of the preterm breech.
      Ninety-two percent agreed that such data could change their current opinion
      regarding delivery management. Implications are discussed.

PMID- 3382485
TI  - Tracheal plugs in oligohydramnios.
AB  - Obstruction of the tracheobronchial tree in the fetus-newborn is well recognized
      with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, but this problem is not usually considered
      in the absence of meconium. In the case reported here, airway obstruction by a
      large mucous-like plug apparently developed in the context of severe
      oligohydramnios and fetal distress. The infant required resuscitation but it was
      initially impossible to expand the chest despite endotracheal intubation and
      positive pressure ventilation. The lung compliance changed abruptly at 6 minutes
      of age and breath sounds were audible unilaterally on the left. A chest
      radiograph confirmed an atelectatic right lung. After aspiration of a large plug,
      both lungs became normally aerated. Airway obstruction must be included in the
      differential diagnosis of respiratory distress occurring in the context of severe
      oligohydramnios.

PMID- 3382486
TI  - Risk factors associated with severely small for gestational age neonates.
AB  - Risk factors were studied in 118 severely small for gestational age (SGA)
      infants. The control infants were matched for gestational age and mode of
      delivery. A low maternal prepregnancy weight and a maternal history of a previous
      SGA infant were the most important prepregnancy risk factors, whereas poor weight
      gain during pregnancy, toxemia, and smoking were the most important pregnancy
      related risk factors associated with severely SGA infants. The two groups were
      similar for primiparity, previous abortions, and placental abnormalities in
      mothers and for parental ages and heights. Thirty percent of SGA infants were
      diagnosed antenatally. Most of the risk factors cannot be avoided, but the
      effects of these risk factors on the fetus and neonate can be minimized by
      careful screening and observation of mothers with these risk factors.

PMID- 3382487
TI  - Birth out of wedlock and the risk of intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Birth out of wedlock has been associated with maternal and neonatal problems,
      especially low birthweight, attributed mainly to the young maternal age of the
      unmarried mothers. We surveyed a cohort of 300 first-born infants delivered in
      Israel to unwed mothers, matched for parity, maternal age, and ethnic origin. No
      maternal complications were found among the unwed mothers. However, the incidence
      of intrauterine growth retardation among infants of the out of wedlock mothers
      was 53 of 293, compared with 20 of 297 among the control population (p less than
      0.001). This difference in the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation may
      not be associated with young maternal age.

PMID- 3382488
TI  - Low birthweight breech infant: short-term and long-term outcome by method of
      delivery.
AB  - The effect of the delivery method on the short-term and long-term morbidity and
      mortality of the very low birthweight breech-presenting infants was evaluated.
      Although some previous studies question the benefit of cesarean section for the
      premature breech infants, the mortality rate and the incidence of birth injuries
      were significantly lower in the abdominally delivered group than in those
      delivered vaginally. The long-term follow-up clearly demonstrates that the
      vaginally delivered infants had a substantially higher incidence of cerebral
      palsy, visual damage, deafness, and severe developmental delay. It is concluded
      that cesarean section may be the preferred delivery method for the breech
      presenting infants weighing 1000 to 1999 gm, offering a better quality of life.

PMID- 3382489
TI  - Multiple gastrointestinal atresias with intraluminal calcifications.
AB  - A case is reported of multiple atresia of the entire gastrointestinal tract,
      extending from the stomach to the distal colon. The defect is rare and no
      survivors have been reported.

PMID- 3382490
TI  - Histologic chorioamnionitis in pregnancies of various gestational ages. II:
      Implications in preterm labor.
AB  - A retrospective review of placental materials (membranes, chorionic plate,
      umbilical cord) derived from preterm birth is reported. All those studied had
      intact membranes on admission and did not have spontaneous rupture. Those with
      preterm labor unresponsive to tocolysis, including those with brief and more
      prolonged labors, were compared with those delivered preterm because of maternal
      or fetal indications without labor. Those with labor had inflammatory changes in
      all three sites of greater frequency than those without labor. Those with longer
      labors had significantly higher rates of inflammation than those without labor.
      In this population, removing the influence of spontaneous rupture and labor over
      6 hours long greatly diminished the likelihood of inferring that inflammation of
      the choriamniotic environment is a cause of preterm labor unresponsive to
      tocolysis.

PMID- 3382491
TI  - Imaging case of the month. Agenesis of one lung.

PMID- 3382492
TI  - Influence of meperidine on fetal movements and heart rate beat-to-beat
      variability in the active phase of labor.

PMID- 3382493
TI  - Diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation.

PMID- 3382494
TI  - Risk of a road accident in rainy weather.
AB  - A number of methods have been proposed for measuring the added risk of a road
      accident during rainy weather. These methods are reviewed here, and two of them
      are applied, with adjustments, to data from Israel and the United States. Their
      accuracy, however, is limited because surrogates have to be used for traffic
      exposure to rain. Nevertheless, results to indicate that the added risk of an
      injury accident in rainy conditions can be substantial: two to three times
      greater than in dry weather. And when a rain follows a dry spell the hazard could
      be even greater.

PMID- 3382495
TI  - Head injuries to pedal cyclists and the promotion of helmet use in Victoria,
      Australia.
AB  - Bicycle accidents account for approximately 1,200 reported injuries and 30 deaths
      each year in the State of Victoria, Australia. Head injuries constitute 33% of
      reported injuries and cause 80% of fatalities. Helmet wearing promotion campaigns
      conducted by the Victorian Road Traffic Authority and involving substantial
      contributions from many voluntary and commercial groups in the community have
      resulted in significant increases in the wearing rates of approved bicycle
      helmets. These increases in helmet wearing rates have been accompanied by
      significant reductions in the rate of head injuries among bicycle accident
      victims. The promotion program is outlined and the changes in helmet wearing
      rates detailed.

PMID- 3382496
TI  - An application of logit models in analysing the behaviour of pedestrians and car
      drivers on pedestrian crossings.
AB  - A multinomial logit model is used to examine pedestrian and driver reaction to
      "encounters" occurring on pedestrian crossings. The probabilities of a driver
      braking or weaving, and of a pedestrian continuing to cross in response to an
      encounter are identified for a variety of pedestrian, environmental, and traffic
      conditions. Results indicate that the most important explanatory variables
      included pedestrian distance from kerb, city size, number of pedestrians
      simultaneously crossing, vehicle speed, and vehicle platoon size. It is felt that
      the model performed well, should be applied in further studies, and could be a
      useful technique for identifying the most hazardous situations and locations
      within an area, for planning relevant safety measures, and for national research
      for developing traffic legislation.

PMID- 3382497
TI  - Estimating the regression-to-mean effect associated with road accident black spot
      treatment: towards a more realistic approach.
AB  - Until recently, the evaluation of engineering remedial measures at road accident
      Black Spots was seen as a routine exercise. However, the regression-to mean
      effect has been found to distort comparisons between before-and-after accident
      data to a significant extent, and for this and other reasons the problem can no
      longer be considered as straightforward. Various methods for applying corrections
      for regression-to-mean have been proposed. They rely on various assumptions about
      the data which have not been properly investigated or justified. These
      assumptions relate to the nature of the distribution of mean accident rates
      between sites, the nature of the population from which the sites are drawn, and
      the validity of using total accident frequencies as evaluation criteria. The aim
      of this paper is to investigate the validity of the assumptions, to assess the
      robustness of the results which are based on them, and to put forward some
      suggestions for improving the quality of the results.

PMID- 3382498
TI  - Examination of some possible biases in double pair comparison estimates of safety
      belt effectiveness.
AB  - Biases in double pair comparison estimates of safety belt effectiveness due to
      two effects (noncoding of some surviving passengers, and driver/passenger impact
      during crashes) are investigated by calculating effectiveness from fatality
      frequencies assumed altered by the biases. Noncoding surviving right-front
      passengers does not affect estimates for drivers, but does overestimate slightly
      passenger effectiveness. Two biasing driver/passenger contact effects occur for
      right-side impacts--a "cushioning" effect (risk to unbelted driver is reduced by
      striking passenger rather than the vehicle interior) and a "missile" effect
      (passenger risk is increased by being struck by unrestrained driver). Cushioning
      and missile effects both reduce estimates; their combined effects could cause
      right-side impact effectiveness to be underestimated by as much as 20% (probably
      much less). Correcting for all effects increases the overall estimate from 42.6%
      to 43.2%. Thus, to the nearest percent, the result is still that if all presently
      unbelted drivers and right-front-seat passengers were to become wearers,
      fatalities to this group would decline by (43 +/- 3)%.

PMID- 3382499
TI  - Female drinking and driving: recent trends in North Carolina.
AB  - Data on driver licensing, DWI arrests, crashes, and fatalities in the State of
      North Carolina from the mid-70s to the mid-80s are analyzed to examine trends in
      drinking and driving by women. Findings presented are based on rates per licensed
      driver. Results suggest that more women are driving and are experiencing greater
      exposure to the hazards of drinking and driving. DWI arrest rates for women
      increased by 43% while rates for men decreased by 9%. Likewise, the proportion of
      legally intoxicated drivers among women is increasing. Women account for a
      growing proportion of alcohol-related (A/R) crashes and their involvement in
      single vehicle nighttime crashes is increasing. A dramatic decrease was observed
      in A/R fatalities in the male licensed driving population. This decrease was not
      paralleled by women. Authors conclude women will make up an increasing proportion
      of those arrested and convicted for DWI and will have more A/R crashes. Findings
      have implications for the design and implementation of education, deterrence,
      enforcement, and rehabilitation programs.

PMID- 3382500
TI  - Spatio-temporal analysis of road traffic accidents in Oyo State, Nigeria.
AB  - Studies on road traffic accidents in developing nations have been very scanty. In
      Nigeria in particular not much is known about accident phenomena. This paper is
      an account of a scientific investigation into the spatial and temporal
      characteristics of road traffic accidents in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study is
      based, principally, on the Nigerian Police Official documented road traffic
      accident statistics from January 1980 to December 1984. The study examined
      general features of road traffic accident occurrence in the state and undertook a
      critical analysis of both temporal and spatial dimensions of the problem. The
      study identified six traffic zones that could be designated as accident Black
      Spots in the state, to which priority attention should be given in any road
      safety programme. Moreover, the study attempted to explain some of the complex
      factors that might account for the observed spatial and temporal variation in
      road accidents frequency and fatality. Significantly, the study observed a
      consistently high number of road accidents during the months of March, September,
      and December, while fluctuatingly high and low accident figures are recorded for
      other months of the year. Some possible reasons for this temporal trend in
      accident occurrence is discussed.

PMID- 3382501
TI  - [Optimization of ventilation in anesthesia. 1. Collecting measured values and
      processing measured values].

PMID- 3382502
TI  - [Measurement of heart stroke volume with thermodilution. 1. Heart stroke volume
      following cardiosurgical interventions].

PMID- 3382503
TI  - [Intra- and postoperative problems of complete ischemia].

PMID- 3382504
TI  - Relationship between the size and position of substituents on 7H-pyrido[4,3
      c]carbazole monomers and dimers and their DNA binding and anti-tumor properties.
AB  - Among the various DNA intercalating molecules prepared in our laboratory,
      ditercalinium, made up of two 7H-pyrido[4,3-c]carbazole rings linked by a rigid
      bis-ethylbipiperidine chain (NSC 366241) displays high anti-tumor properties.
      This dimeric molecule elicits its cytotoxicity through an original mechanism of
      action. At the molecular level, interaction of ditercalinium with the self
      complementary d(CpGpCpG)2 nucleotide has been studied by 1H n.m.r. and the
      geometry of the bis-intercalating complex has been elucidated. Ditercalinium bis
      intercalates through the major groove with the convex face of the 7H-pyrido[4,3
      c]carbazole ring oriented toward the sugar moiety. Previous studies have shown
      the strong modulating effect brought about by substitution of the intercalating
      ring by methyl groups on both the DNA binding and anti-tumor potency of 7H
      pyridocarbazole monomers and dimers. In order to further investigate structure
      activity relationships in the ditercalinium and related monomers series, a new
      family of monomeric and dimeric 7H-pyrido[4,3-c]carbazoles was prepared with
      ethyl, isopropyl or hydroxyethyl substitution on position 6 or 7 of the aromatic
      ring. DNA binding and anti-tumor potency of these compounds are reported. In
      contrast to their methylated analogs, none of the 6- or 7-substituted monomers
      studied here are active although most of them remain able to intercalate into
      DNA. Substitution of dimeric molecules by substituents of increasing size induces
      a progressive decrease in the anti-tumor potency, concomitantly with a
      disappearance of bis-intercalative properties. The modulating effect of the size
      of substituents on the DNA binding and anti-tumor properties of dimers is more
      pronounced in the 7-substituted series. These results are discussed in relation
      to the geometry of intercalation of ditercalinium and its related monomer into
      d(CpGpCpG)2.

PMID- 3382505
TI  - Sulfhydryl-related reduction of the mitotic inhibition and cell inactivation
      induced by pyrimidine analogs.
AB  - Sulfhydryl-related reduction of the mitotic inhibition and cell inactivation
      induced by the pyrimidine analogs NY 3170, NY 4137 and NY 4138 was investigated.
      Human NHIK 3025 cells grown in culture were treated with the SH-compounds
      glutathione (GSH) and cysteine, and the S-S-compound cystine in combination with
      the above pyrimidine analogs. Simultaneous combination of GSH or cysteine with NY
      4137 (a pyrimidine sulfone) abolished the ability of the drug to arrest cells in
      metaphase, while simultaneous combination of NY 4137 with cystine had no such
      effect. The mitigating effect of GSH and cysteine was dose-dependent and maximal
      at 1 mM GSH or 2.5 mM cysteine. In combination with NY 4138 (a pyrimidine
      sulfoxide) GSH and cysteine, but not cystine, reduced slightly the ability of NY
      4138 to accumulate cells in mitosis. By contrast, neither GSH, cysteine nor
      cystine affected the mitotic inhibiting property of NY 3170 when in simultaneous
      combination with this pyrimidinone. With respect to cell inactivation, an
      increase in the fraction of cells surviving treatment with NY 4137 was found when
      GSH or cysteine, but not cystine, was simultaneously present. In order to
      evaluate the importance of endogenous SH-groups, we measured the effect of NY
      4137 on NHIK 1922-C3 cells, a mouse-human hybrid, having a lower endogenous
      sulfhydryl content than NHIK 3025 cells. Treatment of these cells with NY 4137
      resulted in a lower surviving fraction of cells than identical treatment of NHIK
      3025 cells.

PMID- 3382506
TI  - The DNA-association and biological activity of a new bis(14-thiadaunomycin).
AB  - A new bis-daunomycin has been synthesized and characterized by 13C-n.m.r. and
      reversed-phase h.p.l.c. The compound was found to be highly self-associated in
      aqueous solution and to bis-intercalate into DNA with a residence time about 200
      fold greater than the parent compound daunomycin. Although the bis-daunomycin and
      its parent congener were taken up by V79 Chinese hamster ovarian leukaemia cells
      to similar extents, the cytotoxicity of the former was considerably lower. The
      possible in vivo relationship between DNA binding affinity and cytotoxicity is
      discussed.

PMID- 3382508
TI  - Hodology and function of the red nucleus. Proceedings of an INSERM symposium
      satellite of the 10th ENA meeting. Bandol, France, September 11-14, 1986.

PMID- 3382507
TI  - On a new class of mixed-function drugs associating nitroimidazoles and CENU: the
      NICE-NU.
AB  - Two series of (2-chloroethyl) nitrosoureas (NICE-NU) bearing a nitroimidazole
      group have been synthesized for anti-tumor evaluation with the aim of
      chemopotentiation of their biological activity. Their anti-tumor activity against
      L1210 in vivo in mice is excellent especially for the series A derivatives where
      a hydroxy function provides assistance to decomposition. However, the activity of
      NICE-NU against B16 melanoma is lower.

PMID- 3382509
TI  - A common somaesthetic pathway to red nucleus and motor cortex.
AB  - Comparable short latency somaesthetic responses have been observed in the red
      nucleus and the motor cortex. Since previous experiments showed that a ventral
      spinal ascending pathway could account for red nucleus responses, the present
      experiments were designed to establish whether the same pathway could also
      transmit the short latency peripheral inputs to motor cortex. Two experimental
      data argue in favour of a such organization: (1) Using the collision technique,
      it was demonstrated that somaesthetic responses recorded in red nucleus cells are
      transmitted by collaterals of ascending fibres ending in the ventrobasal
      thalamus. (2) Intracellular recordings from identified corticospinal cells were
      performed on cats acutely prepared on section of the brachium conjunctivum and
      the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. Cortico-cortical connections to motor
      cortex were also eliminated by lesions of the ipsilateral sensory cortex and
      contralateral motor cortex. With this preparation it is still possible to record
      postsynaptic potentials after stimulation of primary afferent fibres in the
      dorsal columns, caudally to their section. The existence of these somaesthetic
      parallel inputs to rubro- and corticospinal cells suggest that the ongoing
      movement might be corrected on-line by these two pathways.

PMID- 3382510
TI  - Synaptic plasticity in the red nucleus and learning.
AB  - Pairing of the stimulus to the cerebral peduncle (CP) with that to the forearm
      skin leads cats to flex their forearms within a 10-day training period in
      response to stimulus to CP, which was initially ineffective. Behavioral study and
      extracellular unit analysis suggested that the cellular mechanism for this
      conditioning lies at the corticorubral (CR) synapses. Since formation of new CR
      synapses occurs in parallel with the recovery from behavioral deficits after
      brain damage and peripheral nerve cross-innervation, we explored the possibility
      that the formation of new CR synapses underlies conditioning. We investigated the
      time course of the CR excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) as well as the
      distribution of the CR synapses on the somadendritic membrane of the red nucleus
      neurons and compared them with those observed in control animals. In conditioned
      animals, the times-to-peak of the CR EPSPs were significantly shorter than those
      in control animals. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that more CR
      synapses make contact with large, i.e. proximal, dendrites and somata of red
      nucleus neurons in conditioned cats than in control ones. These results support
      the view that the formation of new synapses on the proximal dendrites and soma
      underlies classical conditioning in the cat.

PMID- 3382511
TI  - Activity of rubrospinal neurons during locomotion and scratching in the cat.
AB  - It is now well established that locomotion and scratching in vertebrates can
      result from the activation of a spinal central generator. The possibility of
      control of these rhythmic motor activities by the red nucleus has been analyzed
      in the thalamic cat, in which efferent nerve discharges representing fictive
      locomotion or fictive scratching can still be recorded following paralysis by
      curarization. It was found that the discharge of lumbar-projecting rubrospinal
      neurons is modulated in relation to the intensity and frequency of the rhythmic
      efferent activity in the contralateral hindlimb. The average firing frequency was
      minimal at the transition between the extensor and flexor efferent bursts and
      increased progressively to reach a maximum in the second part of the flexor
      burst. Comparison of the rubrospinal activities during real and fictive rhythmic
      motor activities revealed only minor influences of phasic afferent inputs.
      Analysis of the relations between the rhythmic discharges found in rubrospinal
      neurons, cerebellar neurons (interpositus nucleus and paravermal Purkinje cells
      of the cerebellar anterior lobe) and neurons of an ascending pathway (ventral
      spinocerebellar tract) leads to the conclusion that the rubrospinal tract belongs
      to an internal loop between spinal and supraspinal centres. However, until now,
      the results do not allow the evaluation of its contribution to the motor
      performance, even in situations which, like those studied here, do not involve
      the complex motor control present in the intact cat.

PMID- 3382512
TI  - Activity of primate magnocellular red nucleus related to hand and finger
      movements.
AB  - Single cells were recorded in the magnocellular red nucleus (RNm) of two
      cynomolgus monkeys using tungsten microelectrodes. The first monkey was trained
      to press finger switches and to operate a push-pull device. Comparison of
      responses while operating the two devices demonstrated a strong distal bias. The
      finger device elicited large modulations in discharge (greater than or equal to
      50 impulses/s) in 75% of the sampled neurons. Most cells fired optimally during
      thumb switch operation, but also fired vigorously in association with other
      switch operations. The left motor cortex was removed from the second monkey 18
      months prior to microelectrode recording. Cells in the cortically denervated RNm
      discharged vigorously in association with grouped finger movements that opened
      and closed the affected right hand. These results coupled with our previous
      findings suggest that the RNm is preferentially linked to distal limb muscles,
      and the primary role of the forelimb zone may be to control coordinated hand
      function including grouped movements of the fingers.

PMID- 3382513
TI  - Participation of the red nucleus in motor initiation: unit recording and cooling
      in cats.
AB  - Cats were trained to release (Go) or not to release (No-go) a lever after a brief
      auditory signal, depending on the presence of an additional tone (No-go cue).
      Unit recording and cooling were made in the red nucleus (RN) contralateral to the
      performing limb. Three major results were found: (1) in the Go condition, we
      observed phasic increases of rubral firing, with a constant latency after the
      auditory signal and with an amplitude correlated to the latency of motor
      triggering (i.e. reaction time, RT); the tonic activity preceding the auditory
      signal could also be correlated to the RTs for some units; (2) in the No-go
      condition, there was no phasic increase of rubral firing after the auditory
      signal; the tonic activity during the presentation of the No-go cue was markedly
      decreased compared to the Go trials; (3) cooling of the RN increased the RTs and
      could also block the motor triggering. These results suggest that the RN is
      involved in setting and triggering a conditioned motor response according to
      sensory cues.

PMID- 3382514
TI  - The development of selected rubral connections in the North American opossum.
AB  - We have employed axonal transport and degeneration techniques to study the
      development of selected rubral connections in the North American opossum.
      Opossums were chosen for study because they are born in an immature state, 12
      days after conception, and have a lengthy postnatal development. The results of
      our studies suggest that: (1) the red nucleus innervates the spinal cord early in
      development, but not as early as some areas of the brainstem; (2) rubrospinal
      development occurs postnatally in the opossum; (3) rubrospinal axons do not grow
      synchronously into the spinal cord, but are added over time; (4) rubrospinal
      development follows rough rostral to caudal and lateral to medial gradients; (5)
      the red nucleus is innervated by the cerebellum well before it receives
      projections from the cerebral cortex; and (6) cortical axons do not grow into the
      red nucleus until after rubrospinal axons have reached most of their adult
      targets.

PMID- 3382515
TI  - Red nucleus and motor cortex: parallel motor systems for the initiation and
      control of skilled movement.
AB  - This study examines the differential contributions of motor cortex (MCx) and red
      nucleus (RN) neurons to the initiation of a targeted limb response and to the
      control of trajectory. These questions were assessed in two ways. First, by
      comparing the characteristics of task-related neuronal activity in MCx and RN.
      Second, by determining the changes in reaction time and trajectories produced by
      the reversible inactivation of corticospinal fibers in the crus cerebri (CSTc),
      the rubrospinal tract (RST) and the RN, using microinjections of lidocaine, gamma
      aminobutyric acid, or muscimol. Neurons in forelimb areas of both MCx and RN were
      modulated in advance of forelimb force production. RN neurons more frequently had
      a phasic discharge pattern, while neurons in MCx more frequently had a tonic
      pattern. Whereas the modulation of most forelimb area neurons in MCx correlated
      with responses in a specific direction, the majority of RN neurons were non
      directional. Reversible inactivation of CSTc, RN and RST prolonged reaction time.
      The normal stereotyped form of isometric force trajectories was unaffected by
      injections at any site. While CSTc inactivation resulted in hypometric responses,
      response amplitude was unchanged during RN and RST inactivation. We conclude that
      both MCx and RN contribute to response initiation, but that only MCx is involved
      in the proper scaling of targeted responses.

PMID- 3382516
TI  - Long loop participation of red nucleus in contact placing in the adult cat with
      facilitation by tactile input at the spinal level.
AB  - This report focuses on the question 'Why does stimulation of a few hairs of a
      cat's unsupported paw lead to biceps activation and contact placing (CP) while
      stimulation of the supported paw does not?' The rubral system is used as the
      model; individual rubral neurons (RN) are recorded in the awake cat during CP and
      rubrospinal tract neurons (RTN) are identified by demonstrating antidromic
      invasion. Classes of RN were identified corresponding to each of the main stages
      of CP. In particular, a contingent, contact-locked category was identified,
      responding only if placing followed the contact. Another category, the pre
      delayed movement-locked, responded 40-160 ms prior to delayed placing. Both of
      these categories imply that the rubral system dynamically participates (with
      other higher motor neurons) in CP, a conclusion strengthened by the positive
      relationship between RN discharge and movement parameters under varying load
      conditions. Physiological stimulation of the supported paw may fail to excite RN,
      which respond strongly to gentle contact of the unsupported paw (which leads to
      CP). Cooling or making permanent lesions in nucleus interpositus and dentatus
      drastically reduces resting and evoked RN and especially RTN activities in the
      awake cat. Some evidence of recovery was present by 4-6 weeks after the lesions.
      The effect of behavioral context was also studied on the biceps responses in the
      awake cat to a train of 3-4 pulses at 500 Hz delivered either to the red nucleus
      or to the rubrospinal tract (RT). The biceps responses were enhanced when the
      forepaw was removed from a support (the pre-condition for CP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382517
TI  - A special role of the parvocellular red nucleus in lesion-induced spontaneous
      tremor in monkeys.
AB  - The neural mechanisms underlying spontaneous tremor were investigated in monkeys.
      Tremor-producing ventromedial tegmental (VMT) lesions involve at least three
      major neural elements. (1) Parvocellular division of the red nucleus (RNpc); (2)
      cerebellothalamic fibers passing through the red nucleus, and, (3) nigrostriatal
      fibers. These three elements were destroyed stereotaxically in areas remote from
      the VMT area separately and/or in various combinations, and correlation between
      the site of lesions and tremor was made. Lesion-induced tremor appeared only when
      the three elements were destroyed. A possible, particular role of the RNpc in the
      production of the spontaneous tremor is discussed.

PMID- 3382518
TI  - On the presence of nucleus ruber in the urodele Salamandra salamandra and the
      caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis.
AB  - The presence of nucleus ruber in urodeles and caecilians (amphibia) was
      investigated. For that purpose, horseradish peroxidase was applied to the rostral
      spinal cord, the medulla oblongata at various levels and the dorsolateral
      funiculus. Whereas Salamandra salamandra possesses a rubrospinal tract, it is
      absent in the limbless caecilian Ichthyophis kohtaoensis.

PMID- 3382519
TI  - Projections from the red nucleus and surrounding areas to the brainstem and
      spinal cord in the cat. An HRP and autoradiographical tracing study.
AB  - HRP injections at the C2, T1 and S1 spinal levels and in the medullary lateral
      tegmental field revealed that the contralaterally projecting rubro-bulbospinal
      neurons are located not only in the caudal but also to a certain extent in the
      rostral red nucleus (RN). These RN projections are somatotopically organized.
      Neurons projecting to the sacral cord are located in the ventrolateral RN, those
      projecting to the upper part of the spinal cord lie in the dorsomedial RN and
      those projecting to the medullary lateral tegmentum were found in the dorsal
      portions of the RN. These last neurons are smaller than many of the other RN
      neurons. The HRP results also revealed that the RN does not project to the caudal
      raphe nuclei. The autoradiographical results confirmed the HRP findings. They
      further indicated that the contralateral RN projections to the caudal brainstem
      precerebellar nuclei (nucleus corporis pontobulbaris, lateral reticular nucleus,
      lateral cuneate nucleus) and the dorsal column nuclei are also somatotopically
      organized. This was also true for the RN projections to the dorsomedial and
      intermediate facial subnuclei and the caudal pontine and medullary lateral
      tegmental field. These areas receive afferents from mainly the dorsal portions of
      the RN. Regarding the RN projections to the spinal cord, the autoradiographical
      tracing results revealed somatotopically organized contralateral RN projections
      to laminae V, VI and VII. Moreover, a small but distinct RN projection to a
      dorsolaterally located group of motoneurons at the C8-T1 level was demonstrated.
      Ipsilaterally a minor projection to the cervical and upper thoracic lateral
      intermediate zone was observed. Finally, strong ipsilateral projections from the
      rostral mesencephalon to the inferior olive were seen. These projections were
      derived from various rostral mesencephalic areas, including the nucleus of
      Darkschewitsch, the nucleus accessorius medialis of Bechterew, the interstitial
      nucleus of Cajal and the area of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial
      longitudinal fasciculus. In the cat it was difficult to define which of the
      mesencephalic areas projecting to the inferior olive represented the
      parvocellular RN. A new subdivision of the RN is proposed based on its
      projections and not on the size of its cells. In this concept the first group is
      formed by the RN neurons projecting contralaterally to the caudal brainstem and
      spinal cord. The second group consists of RN neurons projecting to the inferior
      olive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3382520
TI  - Morphology of single neurones in the cerebello-rubrospinal system.
AB  - Axonal branching patterns of physiologically identified cerebellar nucleus
      neurones and rubrospinal neurones were investigated in the cat with intra-axonal
      injection of horseradish peroxidase and 3-dimensional reconstruction on serial
      sections. Axons of dentate and interpositus neurones projected to the VL nucleus
      of the thalamus and on their way, several axon collaterals were given off from
      the stem axons to the red nucleus. Axon terminals of interpositus neurones
      terminated as a sagittal sheet of arborizations in the red nucleus. Their
      terminal boutons made apparent contact with cell bodies and proximal dendrites of
      rubrospinal neurones. In rubrospinal axons, multiple axon collaterals were
      identified at different segments of the cervical spinal cord.

PMID- 3382521
TI  - The dentatorubral projection in the rat: an autoradiographic study.
AB  - The dentatorubral projection has been mapped in rats using autoradiography. Any
      part of lateral cerebellar nucleus (NL) projects throughout the contralateral
      parvocellular red nucleus (NRp) rostrocaudally; the projection is topographically
      organized: (1) a caudorostral shift in the NL corresponds to a dorsoventral
      displacement through the NRp; matching of this arrangement with the origin of
      rubrospinal projections is discussed; (2) only ventral parts of the NL, including
      the parvocellar subnucleus, project to the lateral edge of the NRp.

PMID- 3382522
TI  - Projections from the dorsal column nuclei and the spinal cord to the red nucleus
      in cat.
AB  - The projections of the red nucleus (RN) from the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) and
      the spinal cord have been investigated in cats with the degeneration method.
      After electrolytic DCN lesions and unilateral cordotomies including the lateral
      and ventral funiculi, the degeneration was studied in Fink-Heimer stained
      sections. Contralateral to a DCN lesion terminal degeneration was found along the
      whole rostrocaudal extent of the red nucleus. In most portions the degeneration
      was scattered, but dense zones were present, too. Terminal fibers were present in
      both magnocellular and parvocellular parts. After a gracile lesion the
      degenerating fibers were restricted to the ventral part of the RN, while the
      terminal patterns did not differ significantly after cuneate and large DCN
      lesions. The spinal fibers were found ipsilateral to the cordotomy. Like the DCN
      fibers, the spinal fibers were present along the whole rostrocaudal extent of the
      RN and in both magno- and parvocellular zones. Their distribution in the
      transverse plane was similar, as well. However, the present material was not
      sufficient to show subtle differences between the DCN and spinal projections, nor
      to show a possible somatotopical organization of the spinal projection.

PMID- 3382523
TI  - Description of a large projection from the mesodiencephalic junction to the
      rostral red nucleus. An anatomical study in the rat and in the cat.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP (WGA-HRP)
      were deposited in the rostral pole (Rpc) of the red nucleus in 6 rats and 5 cats.
      In the rat, a zone of dense retrograde cell labeling and of diffuse axonal
      labeling occurred in the sub-pretectal area, a region which corresponds to the
      posterior thalamic nucleus (PT) of Bold et al. (Brain Research, 12 (1984) 521
      527). In the cat, a similar retrograde and anterograde pattern of labeling was
      observed. The labeled area extended from the deep pretectum up to the
      diencephalon above the dorsomedial aspect of the ventral posterior thalamic
      nucleus. In a second set of experiments, 14 rats received a tracer injection
      (HRP, WGA-HRP or Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin) in the sub-pretectal area.
      The resultant pattern of labeling consisted in a heavy anterograde terminal
      labeling within the Rpc of the red nucleus. Sparse retrograde cell labeling also
      occurred in the Rpc.

PMID- 3382525
TI  - Program of the third annual meeting of the American Society of Hypertension.
      Abstracts.

PMID- 3382524
TI  - Targeting of mycotoxins to reticuloendothelial system of mice with carrier
      erythrocytes.
AB  - The tricothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin, was encapsulated in bovine erythrocytes
      for in vivo delivery of T-2 toxin to macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of
      bovine carrier erythrocytes (5 X 10(8) cells) containing T-2 toxin saturated
      mouse liver uptake of erythrocytes by 6 h postinjection. At 24 h postinjection,
      20% of the injected carrier cells containing toxin were localized in the liver of
      mice. Saturation of the liver uptake of bovine carrier cells was independent of
      encapsulated or free T-2 toxin. A dose of T-2 toxin sufficient to inhibit 50% of
      the macrophage protein synthesis was targeted to the liver via the carrier
      erythrocytes. A methodology for delivery of highly toxic molecules to liver
      macrophages is described.

PMID- 3382526
TI  - The rhombotrapezius myocutaneous and osteomyocutaneous flaps.
AB  - As more radical surgery is being performed for head and neck cancer, an
      increasing variety of flaps for reconstruction have been developed. The more
      common myocutaneous flaps for large defects are the pectoralis major, trapezius,
      and latissimus dorsi flaps. The lower trapezius flap, which is used for
      reconstruction of large lateral facial defects, is a relatively thin flap. The
      rhombotrapezius flap described in this article provides bulk for augmentation of
      facial defects. The flap, which includes the trapezius and rhomboid muscles, also
      offers a longer pedicle with a greater arc of rotation. This flap may include the
      medial border of the scapula when bone is necessary. The addition of the rhomboid
      muscles incorporates the dorsal scapular artery, which gives an additional blood
      supply to the flap. We believe that the rhombotrapezius, myocutaneous, and
      osteomyocutaneous flaps have a significant advantage over previously described
      flaps in the treatment of defects that need greater bulk and length for adequate
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3382527
TI  - Orbital wall and volume relationships.
AB  - Assuming that intraorbital volume is a space defined by the orbital walls, and
      that intraorbital contents represent a space occupied by soft tissues, changes
      between volume and contents will result in movement of the globe in usually a
      forward (exophthalmic) or backward (enophthalmic) direction. An understanding of
      the phenomenon is important if the clinician is to judge the effects of traumatic
      displacement of an orbital wall on globe positions and if the clinician is to
      design a reconstructive procedure to correct these changes. To study such
      relationships, we have designed physical models based on measurements of five dry
      human skulls. With these models, it has been possible to move a whole wall or
      part of a wall and, thereby, adjust the orbital volume. The experimental
      manipulations are useful in predicting the relationship of the orbital wall
      position and volume-information that can be ultimately used for diagnosis and
      reconstructive purposes.

PMID- 3382528
TI  - The Le Fort I osteotomy approach for nasopharyngeal and nasal fossa tumors.
AB  - The nasopharynx, pterygopalatine fossa, and nasal fossa are difficult areas in
      which to gain wide surgical access. The transverse maxillary osteotomy with
      downfracturing of the entire palate and inferior maxilla has recently been
      adopted as a surgical option. Simultaneous bilateral wide surgical exposure is
      achieved in the maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses, nasal fossa,
      clivus, pterygopalatine fossa, and medial portion of the infratemporal fossa.
      Compared with other popular techniques, the transverse maxillary osteotomy
      provides excellent exposure for angiofibromas, clivus tumors, and other tumors of
      the central base of the skull and midface regions. The details of the procedure
      and relevant physiology of the osteotomized segment are presented. The safe
      attainment of wide surgical exposure will be demonstrated. This procedure has
      worldwide acceptance for orthognathic surgery and is easily adapted to head and
      neck oncologic surgery.

PMID- 3382529
TI  - Induction of antigen-specific IgA-forming cells in the middle ear mucosa.
AB  - Antigen-specific IgA-forming cells were induced in the middle ear mucosa by the
      use of soluble and particulate forms of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin. Hartley
      guinea pigs were locally immunized in the duodenum (group A) and trachea (group
      B) with the particulate form of dinitrophenylated ovalbumin one week after
      systemic priming with the soluble form. Otitis media was then induced with the
      intratympanic inoculation of the antigen. The control animals (group C) received
      only intratympanic inoculation after systemic priming. The mean titers of
      salivary IgA antibody of groups A and B were significantly greater than that of
      group C, and the mean value of serum IgG antibody titers of group C was
      significantly greater than those of groups A and B. The occurrences of otitis
      media in groups A and B were significantly suppressed, and histologic changes of
      the middle ear mucosa of groups A and B were slighter than those of group C.
      Antigen-specific IgA-forming cells were detected in the inflamed middle ear
      mucosa from group A and B animals, while these cells could not be found in group
      C animals. These results demonstrate the immunization strategy whereby the
      mucosal IgA immunity of the middle ear cavity can be effectively induced and
      enhanced to prevent otitis media.

PMID- 3382530
TI  - Microbiology of the tonsils and adenoids in a pediatric population.
AB  - To investigate the microbial flora of the tonsils and adenoids, the core tissue
      from the tonsils and adenoids of 50 children undergoing tonsillectomy and
      adenoidectomy for either recurrent infection or airway obstruction was cultured
      aerobically and anaerobically, and the number of bacterial colonies was
      quantitated. The most common organisms isolated were alpha-hemolytic
      streptococci, nonpathogenic Neisseria species, Haemophilus species,
      Staphylococcus aureus, and Corynebacterium species. No anaerobes were identified.
      Bacterial isolates from the tonsils and adenoids were similar in number and
      frequency of occurrence. Potential pathogenic bacteria (Haemophilus species, S
      aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were
      identified in 40 patients. Seventy-three percent of these patients shared a
      common pathogen in tonsil and adenoid tissue. Haemophilus species were recovered
      in 54% of patients and S aureus in 46%. No significant difference exists between
      the type and number of pathogens in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for
      recurrent infection or obstruction.

PMID- 3382531
TI  - A transfacial approach to the nasal-paranasal cavities and anterior skull base.
AB  - Large lesions of the nasal and paranasal cavities present a particularly
      difficult problem of surgical approach. The direct transnasal, Denker's, Weber
      Fergusson, lateral rhinotomy, and facial degloving approaches have all been used
      with varying degrees of success. Nevertheless, these approaches fail to provide
      adequate exposure of the midfacial and interorbital spaces. In 1979, we developed
      a method called the transfacial approach in which two large midfacial flaps, one
      containing the entire external nose, are raised, exposing the maxillae, both
      medial orbital walls, and the nasal and paranasal cavities. Through this
      panoramic approach, one can easily expose the anterior skull base to the clivus
      and operate on this area under direct visual and manual control. The technique of
      this approach is described and our experience with 16 patients in whom it was
      applied is reviewed.

PMID- 3382532
TI  - Repair of salivary fistula after reconstruction of pharyngoesophagus.
AB  - We describe three surgical methods used to repair salivary fistulas in different
      situations that are seen after reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus in
      patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. The principle of these methods is the same;
      a cervical skin flap next to the fistula is used as the internal lining and an
      anterior chest skin flap is rotated as an external lining to cover it. For the
      primary closure of heavily irradiated fistulas, this combination may not always
      be effective, and we emphasize that a combined use of a pedicled pectoralis major
      muscle flap with these two kinds of pedicled skin flap is extremely reliable.

PMID- 3382533
TI  - Evaluation of head and neck cancer patients. A national survey.
AB  - A review of the recent literature of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery reveals
      minimal guidance as to the use of laboratory and radiographic studies in the
      initial evaluation and subsequent follow-up of patients with head and neck
      cancer. A national survey was prepared and was sent to 105 otolaryngology-head
      and neck surgery teaching departments with 53 institutions responding. This
      survey shows that a baseline of laboratory and radiographic studies are routinely
      ordered. Follow-up is monthly the first year and every other month the second
      year. Specialized laboratory tests and radiographic studies are ordered on a case
      by-case basis and based on cost effectiveness, research orientation, available
      resources, and, most importantly, the patient's needs.

PMID- 3382534
TI  - Reduction cheiloplasty. An adjunctive procedure in the black rhinoplasty patient.
AB  - The reduction cheiloplasty is a simple surgical procedure that can easily be used
      adjunctively with a black patient who is undergoing rhinoplasty. Its acceptance
      by patients and surgeons is increasing, but his useful procedure continues to be
      underutilized. This article urges the incorporation of the reduction cheiloplasty
      in the armamentarium of those who routinely perform rhinoplasties on black
      patients. It is a relatively minor procedure that is easily reproducible and
      yields excellent, predictable results with few complications. The technique,
      pitfalls, and morbidity are outlined in this article. The improvement achieved in
      facial harmony by the addition of this procedure makes it a surgical bargain.

PMID- 3382535
TI  - Changes in histology and cell kinetics during the growth course of xenografted
      squamous cell carcinoma.
AB  - Two xenografted tumor lines, established from squamous cell carcinomas of the
      head and neck, were studied with respect to the growth parameters of the Gompertz
      function and changes in growth rate, cell cycle phase distribution, and
      histologic pattern during the course of growth. The tumors were transplanted
      subcutaneously in the back. Both tumor lines exhibited growth curves compatible
      with Gompertzian growth. The parameters of the Gompertz function differed
      significantly between the tumor lines. Tumor volume doubling time also varied
      during the course of growth. Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle phase
      distribution showed an initial decrease in the fraction of cells in S-phase,
      parallel with an increase in the fraction of cells in GO/1-phase. As much as 50%
      of the cells were mouse-derived in tumors less than 100 mm3 in volume, after
      which the proportion of mouse-derived cells decreased to below 10%. This
      variation correlated with changes in the histopathologic picture.

PMID- 3382536
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis with cerebral extension successfully treated with
      adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
AB  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a devastating fungal disease with a high mortality
      rate. Extensive surgical debridement and amphotericin B are currently the
      mainstays of therapy. When cerebral extension of the fungus occurs, the disease
      is almost invariably fatal. Two patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis had
      progression of their infection to brain abscesses despite aggressive debridement
      surgery and amphotericin B therapy. Both patients showed marked clinical
      improvement with the addition of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Both
      patients remained free of their disease 21 months after hospital discharge.

PMID- 3382537
TI  - Surgical treatment of blindness secondary to intraorbital hemorrhage.
AB  - Rapid progression to blindness due to intraorbital hemorrhage following various
      forms of trauma requires immediate, aggressive intervention, with the potential
      to restore vision. Orbital decompression via either an external ethmoidectomy or
      transantral approach is described. The diagnosis, anatomy, and pathogenetic
      mechanisms relevant to these cases are reviewed.

PMID- 3382538
TI  - Delayed dysphonia after primary voice restoration.

PMID- 3382539
TI  - Metastatic neck disease.

PMID- 3382540
TI  - Down with the dabblers.

PMID- 3382541
TI  - The limited photochemical activity of solid aggregated forms of bovine rhodopsin.
AB  - The visual pigment rhodopsin has been purified and depleted of detergent. Under
      these conditions, the pigment strongly aggregates. When dried, a significant
      fraction of these aggregates appear insensitive to light. We have characterized
      them by means of absorption and photoacoustic spectroscopies and we find that
      their photochemical behavior is best explained by a limited activity that does
      not reach photointermediates beyond the lumirhodopsin step in the bleaching
      sequence of rhodopsin. We interpret this result as an indication of a significant
      conformational change of the protein during the transition from lumi- to meta
      rhodopsin.

PMID- 3382542
TI  - Effect of the aggregation state of amphotericin B on its interaction with
      ergosterol.
AB  - The interaction of amphotericin B with ergosterol was studied in aqueous
      solutions of propanol. The mode of the interaction was found to be related to the
      aggregation state of amphotericin B. Ergosterol does not react (or reacts
      extremely slowly) with monomeric amphotericin B. Traces of a small aggregate,
      probably a dimer, enable a cooperative reaction. At high concentrations of the
      dimer, the reaction is immediate and the concentration of amphotericin B
      complexed with ergosterol is twice as high as the amount of added sterol. The
      interaction with ergosterol is hindered when the antibiotic is in micellar form.
      The pharmaceutical form, Fungizone, behaves similarly to the pure amphotericin B.
      Fungizone's greater solubility in water does not modify either the extent or the
      mode of interaction with ergosterol.

PMID- 3382543
TI  - Attenuated cold-induced increase in mRNA for uncoupling protein in brown adipose
      tissue of obese (ob/ob) mice.
AB  - The level of mRNA for uncoupling protein was measured in brown adipose tissue of
      young (8-10 weeks) and old (11 months) lean and ob/ob mice using a cDNA clone
      constructed previously. The level of poly(A)+ RNA was also measured using an
      oligo(dT)18 probe. Mice were kept at 28 degrees C or exposed to 14 degrees C for
      12 h. The level of mRNA for uncoupling protein was normal in brown adipose tissue
      of younger obese mice but reduced in brown adipose tissue of old obese mice. The
      cold-induced absolute increase in uncoupling protein mRNA was smaller in obese
      mice, regardless of age. It is concluded that the known attenuation of the acute
      thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue of the ob/ob mouse to cold is
      accompanied by a similar attenuation of the initiation of the trophic response.
      It is likely, however, that these defects are secondary to the chronic reduction
      in sympathetic nervous system activity in brown adipose tissue of the ob/ob
      mouse, which results in a functional atrophy of the tissue.

PMID- 3382544
TI  - Pasteuria thornei sp. nov. and Pasteuria penetrans sensu stricto emend., mycelial
      and endospore-forming bacteria parasitic, respectively, on plant-parasitic
      nematodes of the genera Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne.
AB  - Descriptions are presented of two members of the Pasteuria penetrans group of
      mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria, parasitic on plant-parasitic nematodes.
      In one case, the epithet P. penetrans sensu stricto emend. has now been limited
      to members of this group with cup-shaped sporangia and ellipsoidal endospores,
      parasitic primarily on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The second
      organism, with rhomboidal sporangia and nearly spherical endospores, which is
      parasitic primarily on the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus, is
      assigned to P. thornei sp. nov. An updated and emended description is offered of
      the genus Pasteuria Metchnikoff 1888 emend. The relationships are analysed among
      these two nematode parasites and the type species of this genus, P. ramosa
      Metchnikoff 1888, a parasite of cladoceran invertebrates. Because none of these
      microbes has been publicly reported to have been cultivated axenically, these
      relationships are based mainly on morphological, developmental, and pathological
      criteria.

PMID- 3382545
TI  - Extracellular oxidation of D-glucose by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae.
AB  - Extracellular D-glucose oxidation by 5 enterobacterial species was studied with
      the purpose of selecting conditions useful for taxonomic studies. Extracellular
      production of gluconate from 14C-glucose by bacterial cells was evidenced by DEAE
      cellulose paper chromatography. Escherichia coli oxidized glucose only when
      pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was added, whereas Serratia marcescens, Yersinia
      frederiksenii, Erwinia cypripedii and Cedecea lapagei oxidized D-glucose without
      added PQQ. 2-Deoxyglucose was found to be an excellent non-metabolized analogue
      of D-glucose in oxidation experiments. D-glucose oxidation was inhibited by KCN,
      p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; and
      activated by p-benzoquinone. Iodoacetate had no action. Comparative cellulose
      thin-layer chromatography including 2-ketogluconate and 2,5-diketogluconate
      (produced by Janthinobacterium lividum) as standards, showed that gluconate was
      oxidized to 2-ketogluconate by S. marcescens and E. cypripedii, and 2
      ketogluconate was oxidized to 2,5-diketogluconate by E. cypripedii. The diversity
      of D-glucose oxidation products in the Enterobacteriaceae could have some
      taxonomic applications.

PMID- 3382546
TI  - Employment, physical overactivity and adverse pregnancy outcomes--applicability
      of AMA guidelines in Chinese women.

PMID- 3382547
TI  - Nutrient intake of women in rural and urban areas in Japan.

PMID- 3382548
TI  - Familial clustering and associated risk factors of asymptomatic hepatitis B
      infection in Singapore.

PMID- 3382549
TI  - Mercury in scalp hair of Papuans in the Fly estuary, Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 3382550
TI  - The Mental Health Programme of the World Health Organization.

PMID- 3382551
TI  - Potential collaborative academic programmes among universities of the Asia
      Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health.

PMID- 3382552
TI  - Successful implementation of a voluntary community health insurance programme in
      Korea.

PMID- 3382553
TI  - Information technology update--CD-ROMs in health care.

PMID- 3382554
TI  - Financing of child immunisation services in China.

PMID- 3382555
TI  - Absenteeism of shift and day workers with special reference to peptic ulcer.

PMID- 3382556
TI  - Relationship of smoking to other life-style factors among several ethnic groups
      in Hawaii.

PMID- 3382557
TI  - Endemic goitre in highland villages in Northern Thailand.

PMID- 3382558
TI  - A microcomputer program for the indirect standardisation of rates and
      proportions.

PMID- 3382559
TI  - The financing and management of primary health services.

PMID- 3382560
TI  - Disseminating health information in the Asia-Pacific region.

PMID- 3382561
TI  - Behavioural science: the new health care evolution.

PMID- 3382562
TI  - Empowerment for Primary Health Care and Child Survival: escalating community
      participation, community competence, and self-reliance in the Pacific.

PMID- 3382563
TI  - Weight-for-height as a measure of nutritional status in Filipino pregnant women.

PMID- 3382564
TI  - The dobutamine stress test as an alternative to exercise testing after acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Three weeks after myocardial infarction in 50 patients the effect of the infusion
      of a graded dose of dobutamine was compared with that of symptom limited
      treadmill exercise testing. The following variables were measured: blood
      pressure, heart rate, ST segment changes, Doppler aortic blood flow, and cross
      sectional echocardiographic dimensions. The heart rate and double product
      increased more during exercise than during dobutamine infusion, while maximum
      acceleration in the ascending aorta increased more during dobutamine infusion
      than during exercise. Significant ST depression was recorded in 22 patients
      during exercise and in 24 during dobutamine infusion; the concordance between the
      two tests was 88%. In all cases in which ST segment depression occurred in both
      tests the site of ST depression was the same. Dobutamine stress testing is an
      alternative to exercise testing in patients after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3382565
TI  - Clinical implications of pulmonary regurgitation in healthy individuals:
      detection by cross sectional pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in healthy individuals often shows a disturbance
      of diastolic flow in the right ventricular outflow tract just below the pulmonary
      valve that suggests regurgitation. This disturbance of diastolic flow was studied
      in 50 healthy individuals and 40 patients with cardiopulmonary disease, some of
      whom had a pulmonary regurgitant murmur. Diastolic flow was disturbed in 39 of
      the 50 healthy individuals. In 32, cross sectional echocardiography gave a
      satisfactory image of the pulmonary valve. The characteristic Doppler signals
      usually lasted throughout diastole, were directed toward the right ventricular
      cavity, and gradually waned towards end diastole; they formed a spindle shaped
      area of abnormal signals that extended to within 10 mm of the coaptation of the
      pulmonary valve towards the right ventricular cavity and the pressure difference
      estimated from the signals by the modified Bernoulli equation seemed to be
      proportional to the normal retrograde transpulmonary pressure difference. In all
      40 patients with cardiopulmonary disease, signals indicating pulmonary
      regurgitation were found whether or not a regurgitant murmur was present. When it
      was present, however, the spindle was longer than 20 mm and in patients with
      pulmonary hypertension the velocity of abnormal diastolic flow was higher than in
      healthy individuals. The Doppler signals registering disturbed flow in the
      healthy individuals resembled the signals caused by pulmonary regurgitation in
      the patients in terms of location, orientation, and configuration. These results
      show that healthy individuals usually have trivial pulmonary regurgitation. In
      practice the distance that the flow disturbance extends from the valve and
      estimated pressure difference across the valve are probably the most important
      variables for assessing the clinical significance of pulmonary valve
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3382566
TI  - Limitations in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis by Doppler gradients.
AB  - Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was performed before cardiac
      catheterisation in 69 consecutive patients with suspected aortic stenosis.
      Agreement between the maximum and the mean Doppler gradients and catheterisation
      gradients was good. Doppler echocardiography, however, systematically
      underestimated the maximum and mean gradients, particularly in the high range.
      Stepwise regression analysis of the small pressure difference between the two
      methods showed that it could not be explained by age, sex, stroke volume,
      differences in heart rate, ejection fraction, the presence of coronary artery
      disease, or severity of aortic regurgitation. There was a negative curvilinear
      correlation between the maximum and mean Doppler gradients and the aortic valve
      areas that were measured at catheterisation in patients with pure aortic
      stenosis. The degree of correlation decreased when patients with concomitant
      aortic regurgitation were included. The scatter of gradients above and below the
      correlation line was large and this was caused by low and high transvalvar flow.
      These results show that the usefulness of Doppler gradients for judging the
      severity of aortic stenosis, both in relation to immediate diagnosis and follow
      up, is severely limited if transvalvar flow is not taken into account.

PMID- 3382567
TI  - Cardioangiographic findings in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular
      dysplasia.
AB  - The dimension, contractility, and regional wall motion of the right and left
      ventricles were scored on the angiograms of 13 patients with arrhythmogenic right
      ventricular dysplasia. In 10 patients the right ventricle was enlarged, in eight
      the contractility of the right ventricle was reduced, and in all but one patient
      there were regional wall motion abnormalities of the right ventricle. The most
      common abnormality of regional wall motion was mild hypokinesia. There were
      bulging or dyskinetic areas in seven patients. Regional wall motion abnormalities
      of the left ventricle were found in five patients, two of whom also had bulging
      or dyskinetic areas. The reproducibility of right ventricular dimension,
      contractility, and regional wall motion scores was generally fair but varied
      unexpectedly both within and between two observers (Kendall's Tau 0.38-0.92). The
      score values of regional wall motion for some of the segments differed
      considerably within and between observers. One of the observers consistently gave
      higher scores than the other. These data suggest that a more objective approach
      is needed for evaluating angiographic changes in arrhythmogenic right ventricular
      dysplasia.

PMID- 3382569
TI  - Delayed improvement in exercise capacity after cardioversion of atrial
      fibrillation to sinus rhythm.
AB  - In some patients symptoms improve after the restoration of sinus rhythm from
      atrial fibrillation. To assess the size and mechanism of such change, exercise
      capacity and pulsed Doppler left ventricular inflow velocities were assessed in
      20 patients with established atrial fibrillation. Treadmill exercise capacity was
      assessed by measuring maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold before
      and on day 1 and 28 days after elective DC cardioversion. The relative
      contribution of atrial contraction to left ventricular filling was determined by
      relating the maximum height of the A wave to the maximum height of the E wave
      (A/E) of the Doppler velocity time curve. Cardioversion was successful in 14
      patients. Maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold were unchanged on
      day 1 and increased by day 28 in all 14 patients. The percentage improvement was
      inversely related to the baseline values; however, the absolute improvement was
      small in all patients. The mean A/E ratio increased significantly from day 1 to
      day 28 in all 14 patients. Thus the restoration of sinus rhythm was associated
      with a delayed improvement in exercise capacity that may in part be due to a slow
      improvement in atrial contractility and peak cardiac output after cardioversion.

PMID- 3382568
TI  - Accelerated idioventricular rhythm of infundibular origin in patients with a
      concealed form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
AB  - Five apparently healthy people (aged 16-47) presented with recurrent episodes of
      accelerated idioventricular rhythm characterised by left bundle branch block and
      right axis deviation. Clinical history, physical findings, basic
      electrocardiogram, chest x ray, and blood tests were within normal limits in all.
      Holter monitoring, exercise stress test, and electrophysiological study (in three
      patients) showed that accelerated idioventricular rhythm was mainly bradycardia
      dependent, easily suppressed by effort and overdrive pacing, and originated from
      the outflow tract of the right ventricle. The mechanism could be enhanced
      automaticity. Data from cross sectional echocardiography (in all patients) and
      from haemodynamic evaluation (in three) identified structural or wall motion
      abnormalities of the right ventricle or both without appreciable dilatation of
      the ventricle. Biopsy specimens of the right ventricular endomyocardium showed
      fibrosis in one patient, fibrosis and fatty infiltration in the second, and
      pronounced fatty infiltration in the third. These results show that some patients
      with accelerated idioventricular rhythm have right ventricular abnormalities that
      are typical of the localised and concealed forms of arrhythmogenic right
      ventricular dysplasia.

PMID- 3382570
TI  - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: atrial fibrillation as the presenting arrhythmia.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation was identified as the initial arrhythmia complicating the
      Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in ten (9%) of 108 patients. Despite initially
      rapid ventricular responses in seven, long term survival and control of
      arrhythmia were excellent on medical treatment. Whereas symptom free patients
      with the pre-excitation syndrome who have additional underlying disease
      predisposing to atrial fibrillation may need detailed electrophysiological study,
      a more conservative approach is suitable for the typical symptom free individual.

PMID- 3382571
TI  - Distribution of age at death in children with congenital heart disease who died
      before the age of 15.
AB  - In the 27 years from 1952 to 1979 (before the introduction of advanced cardiac
      surgery) all children in Central Bohemia (population 1.2 million) who died before
      the age of 15 were examined at necropsy. Period death rates at various ages were
      calculated in those with congenital heart disease. Nearly all the deaths (848,
      89.6%) occurred in the first year. Forty three (44% of survivors) died in the
      second year and 17 (31% of survivors) died between the second and fifth years.
      Over half (20) of the survivors died between the fifth and tenth years. Nearly
      half (44.2%) of those born with congenital heart disease who died before the age
      of 15 died in the first four weeks. About a third (29.1%) died in the first week
      and period death rates were 9.7%, 7.6%, and 5.7% for the second, third, and
      fourth weeks respectively. In neonates death rates were highest in those with
      hypoplastic left heart syndrome (89.2%), coarctation of the aorta (66.7%),
      truncus arteriosus (61.8%), double outlet right ventricle (57.1%), and pulmonary
      atresia (56.3%).

PMID- 3382572
TI  - His bundle haemorrhage and external cardiac massage: histopathological findings.
AB  - Histological examination showed acute haemorrhage of the bifurcating His bundle
      and of the left bundle branch in a 35 year old man who died after being given
      external cardiac massage for cardiac arrest. "Hammering" of the ventricular
      septum crest against the central fibrous skeleton of the heart by compression of
      the sternum was believed to have caused the haematoma of the junctional tissue.

PMID- 3382573
TI  - Diagnosis of a right coronary artery-left ventricular fistula by cross sectional
      and Doppler echocardiography.
AB  - A case of right coronary to left ventricular fistula was diagnosed by cross
      sectional and Doppler echocardiography. The origin and site of entry into the
      left ventricle of the enlarged right coronary artery were shown by cross
      sectional echocardiography. Diastolic flow was detected in the left ventricle by
      both pulsed and continuous Doppler echocardiography. The fistula was confirmed by
      cardiac catheterisation and was successfully closed at operation.

PMID- 3382574
TI  - Balloon dilatation of a Waterston aortopulmonary anastomosis.
AB  - Percutaneous balloon dilatation of a Waterston anastomosis was performed in a
      child who had had four shunt operations. Initially, the procedure was apparently
      successful, but pulmonary oedema developed and he died 12 hours after the
      procedure. Balloon dilatation of a Waterston anastomosis is technically possible
      and may prove to be an alternative to reoperation in certain patients. But
      further experience with the technique is necessary to determine the optimum size
      of the inflated balloon, and to avoid the risk of producing an excessive increase
      in pulmonary blood supply.

PMID- 3382575
TI  - An unusual presentation of right coronary artery fistula.
AB  - A four year old girl with infective endocarditis had unexplained facial swelling.
      Cross sectional echocardiography showed that a large right coronary artery
      fistula to the right atrium was obstructing the distal superior vena cava. The
      diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and at operation. The child
      was symptom free one year after operation.

PMID- 3382576
TI  - Proceedings of the British Cardiac Society. 67th annual general meeting. Belfast,
      23-24 March 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3382578
TI  - Charting a solution to mass confusion.

PMID- 3382577
TI  - Acceleration time in the aorta and pulmonary artery measured by Doppler
      echocardiography in the midtrimester normal human fetus.

PMID- 3382579
TI  - Geriatric pharmacology.

PMID- 3382580
TI  - Cancer questions your patient is sure to ask.

PMID- 3382581
TI  - When kidneys fail--nursing management of acute renal failure.

PMID- 3382582
TI  - What's new with the NCLEX-RN test plan?

PMID- 3382583
TI  - ADNs solve the nursing shortage.

PMID- 3382584
TI  - I turned in a colleague for stealing drugs.

PMID- 3382585
TI  - Does death education & clinical experience help or hinder?

PMID- 3382586
TI  - Charting how-to's.

PMID- 3382587
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic oral administration of alfuzosin on baroreflex
      function and tremor in man.
AB  - 1. The effects of the acute and chronic administration of the alpha 1
      adrenoceptor antagonist alfuzosin (5 mg twice daily for 7 days) on baroreflex
      function, physiological tremor and sedation (visual analogue scale) were
      investigated in six healthy volunteers. 2. Phenylephrine-systolic pressure dose
      response curves were shifted (P less than 0.05) to the right by alfuzosin
      compared with placebo on day 1, and on day 8 prior to the administration of
      alfuzosin indicating significant alpha-adrenoceptor blockade over 24 h with 5 mg
      twice daily administration. 3. Baroreflex sensitivity (delta R-R ms mmHg-1
      systolic arterial pressure) was reduced (P less than 0.05) by alfuzosin compared
      with placebo on day 1 (13.8 +/- 2.6 vs 20.6 +/- 3.6 ms mmHg-1) and on day 8 (13.4
      +/- 1.7 vs 21.1 +/- 2.7 ms mmHg-1). 4. Maximum power (microV2) or frequency (Hz)
      of physiological tremor did not change 2 h after alfuzosin administration on day
      1 (13.7 +/- 4.4 microV2, 9.2 +/- 0.3 Hz) or day 8 (11.5 +/- 4.3 microV2, 10.0 +/-
      0.4 Hz) compared with placebo on day 1 (16.9 +/- 7.5 microV2, 10.0 +/- 0.4 Hz)
      and day 8 (17.3 +/- 5.7 microV2, 10.2 +/- 0.8 Hz). 5. Alfuzosin 5 mg twice daily
      did not cause sedation on day 1 or day 8. 6. In conclusion the reduction in
      baroreflex sensitivity with the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist alfuzosin may
      contribute to its antihypertensive activity in reducing the reflex tachycardia
      associated with its hypotensive action.

PMID- 3382588
TI  - In vitro immunological degranulation of human basophils is modulated by lung
      histamine and Apis mellifica.
AB  - 1. The effect of high dilutions of two homeopathic drugs Lung histamine (Lung
      his) and Apis mellifica (Apis mel) used for the treatment of allergic diseases
      has been assessed on in vitro human basophil degranulation. Experiments were
      conducted blind. 2. Basophil degranulation induced by 1.66 X 10(-9) M anti-IgE
      antibody was significantly inhibited in the presence of 5 Lung his (5th
      centesimal dilution of Lung his) and 15 Lung his (15th centesimal dilution of
      Lung his) by 28.8% and 28.6% respectively and by 65.8% in the presence of 9 Apis
      mel (9th centesimal dilution of Apis mel). Basophil degranulation induced by 1.66
      X 10(-16) to 1.66 X 10(-18) M anti-IgE antibody was also inhibited by high
      dilutions of Lung his and Apis mel with an inhibition of nearly 100% with 18 Lung
      his (18th centesimal dilution of Lung his) and 10 Apis mel (10th centesimal
      dilution of Apis mel). An alternance of inhibition, inactivity and stimulation
      was observed when basophils were incubated in the presence of serial dilutions of
      Lung his and Apis mel. 3. The investigation of the clinical efficacy of high
      dilutions of Lung his and Apis mel should be envisaged in allergic diseases in
      parallel with in vitro and ex vivo biological assays.

PMID- 3382589
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of midazolam and alpha-hydroxy-midazolam following rectal and
      intravenous administration.
AB  - 1. In an open cross-over trial, plasma concentrations of midazolam were measured
      in eight healthy male volunteers following administration of 0.3 mg kg-1 body
      weight given by the rectal and intravenous routes. 2. Maximum plasma
      concentrations of 92-156 ng ml-1 (mean 118 ng ml-1) were recorded from 20 to 50
      min (mean 31 min) after rectal application. The rectal bioavailability was 40-65%
      (mean 52%) and the terminal half-life was 114-305 min (mean 161 min). 3. A
      substantial first-pass hepatic effect was observed following rectal
      administration. 4. No systemic or local intolerance was noted. 5. In conclusion,
      the rectal route of administration provides a rapid and reliable absorption of
      midazolam.

PMID- 3382590
TI  - N-acetylation polymorphism of dapsone in a Japanese population.
AB  - 1. The N-acetylation of dapsone (DDS) was studied in 182 unrelated healthy
      Japanese subjects. The frequency of slow acetylators determined using the plasma
      monoacetyldapsone (MADDS) to DDS ratio (MADDS/DDS, slow acetylators less than
      0.30 and rapid acetylators greater than 0.35) at 3 h after an oral dose of DDS
      (100 mg) was 6.6% (12 of the 182 subjects) with a 95% confidence interval of 3.8
      to 11.2%. 2. The frequency distribution histogram of the plasma MADDS/DDS ratio
      showed an apparent trimodal pattern. However, the numbers of heterozygous (n =
      105) and homozygous rapid acetylators (n = 65) derived from the observed data did
      not agree with those predicted for the respective rapid acetylators (n = 70, and
      n = 100) by applying the Hardy-Weinberg Law, when the suggested antimode of 0.85
      discriminating these two rapid acetylators was employed. 3. The incidence of slow
      acetylators was unexpectedly lower in the males (1.4%, 1 of the 69 subjects, with
      a 95% confidence interval of 0.2 to 7.7%) compared with the incidence in the
      females (9.7%, 11 of the 113 subjects, with a 95% confidence interval of 5.5 to
      16.6%). The difference reached a marginally significant level (Fisher's exact
      probability test, P = 0.02). 4. The mean plasma concentration of MADDS was
      significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the slow compared to the rapid
      acetylators and there was a highly significant correlation (rs = 0.757, P less
      than 0.001) between plasma MADDS levels and MADDS/DDS ratios. 5. Slow acetylators
      showed a significantly (P less than 0.001) lower urinary MADDS/DDS ratio and
      excreted less (P less than 0.001) MADDS than rapid acetylators.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382591
TI  - Prediction of drug concentrations in human skim milk from plasma protein binding
      and acid-base characteristics.
AB  - 1. Protein binding in human skim milk of a series of seven drugs with diverse
      plasma protein binding and acid-base characteristics, was measured by
      ultrafiltration. 2. A mathematical relationship between plasma and skim milk
      unbound fractions was established using measured values from this study along
      with values from the literature. 3. The relationship enables prediction of
      unknown protein binding values of drugs in skim milk from known plasma protein
      binding values. 4. Knowledge of milk protein binding enables a more accurate
      assessment of total milk concentrations than is available from existing theory
      which is limited to prediction of unbound drug.

PMID- 3382592
TI  - Enantioselectivity of 4-hydroxylation in extensive and poor metabolizers of
      debrisoquine.
AB  - Debrisoquine (DQ) has no chiral centre, but hydroxylation in position 4 leads to
      formation of an asymmetric carbon centre with two possible enantiomers, their
      absolute configuration being R(-) and S(+)-4-hydroxydebrisoquine (4-OHDQ). Since
      the absolute stereochemistry of the 4-hydroxylation of DQ in man is unknown, the
      enantioselectivity of this process was studied in panels of extensive (EM) and
      poor metabolizers (PM) of DQ. In EM subjects 4-hydroxylation of DQ leads almost
      exclusively to the formation of S(+)-4-OHDQ. In contrast, PM subjects were not
      only characterized by a decreased total 4-OHDQ formation but also a marked loss
      of enantioselectivity in product formation. Between 5 to 36% of total 4-OHDQ was
      excreted as R(-)-4-OHDQ.

PMID- 3382593
TI  - The influence of haematocrit on blood cyclosporin measurements in vivo.
AB  - The influence of haematocrit on blood cyclosporin measurements has been studied
      in 276 paired blood and plasma samples from 21 renal transplant patients. A
      highly significant correlation was found between blood and plasma cyclosporin
      concentrations, r = 0.8744, but the correlation between blood or plasma
      cyclosporin and haematocrit was not significant. The ratio of blood/plasma
      cyclosporin did not significantly increase with increasing haematocrit. It was
      concluded that in vivo the influence of haematocrit on the measurement of blood
      cyclosporin concentrations was negligible.

PMID- 3382595
TI  - The effect of metoclopramide on the absorption of oral controlled release
      morphine.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of oral controlled release morphine and metoclopramide were
      investigated in 20 patients in a double-blind, randomly allocated study. The
      concurrent administration of metoclopramide and oral controlled release morphine
      led to a faster onset and increased level of sedation compared with the
      administration of oral controlled release morphine alone. Whilst the increased
      sedation may be advantageous in anaesthetic practice, it may be a potential
      problem in patients starting longer term therapy with these drugs.

PMID- 3382596
TI  - Once nightly sustained release theophylline in elderly subjects.

PMID- 3382594
TI  - Cimetidine does not increase alpha 1-acid glycoprotein serum concentrations.
AB  - Serum concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were studied in six
      healthy, male volunteers before and after administration of cimetidine, 300 mg by
      mouth every 6 h for 2 days. Serum AAG concentrations were measured at three
      different times during the first day, i.e. before cimetidine administration, and
      on the fourth and sixth days, after commencing cimetidine administration. Neither
      cimetidine treatment nor time of day contributed significantly to differences in
      serum AAG concentration, and no interaction of these factors was observed. It is
      concluded that altered drug-AAG binding as a result of cimetidine therapy is not
      likely to be an important mechanism contributing to cimetidine drug interactions.

PMID- 3382597
TI  - Counter-regulatory effects of combined ACE inhibition and calcium antagonism.

PMID- 3382598
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the combined scientific meeting of the British
      Society for Haematology and the British Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis.
      Cardiff, 23-25 March 1988.

PMID- 3382599
TI  - Immunochemical specificity of autoanti-Gerbich from two patients with autoimmune
      haemolytic anaemia and concomitant alteration in the red cell membrane
      sialoglycoprotein beta.
AB  - Blood samples from two patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, whose
      autoantibodies failed to agglutinate certain examples of red cells that lack
      Gerbich blood group antigens, were studied using immunochemical analyses. One of
      these autoantibodies differed from all other anti-Ge in that it showed a unique
      beta sialoglycoprotein (SGP) specificity. It reacted with normal beta but not
      with the abnormal beta-related SGPs associated with Gerbich-negative red cells of
      the Gerbich and Yus types. Red cells from this patient had an alteration of beta
      SGP, while the alpha, gamma and delta SGPs appeared to be normal. The
      autoantibody from the other patient did not show this unique characteristic. Its
      immunochemical specificity was similar to alloanti-Ge3 in that it reacted with
      both beta and gamma SGPs from normal red cell membranes and with the abnormal
      beta-related SGPs found in red cell membranes from individuals with Gerbich
      negative red cells of the Yus type. Red cells from this patient could not be
      analysed because she had recently received a massive transfusion of red cells.

PMID- 3382600
TI  - Alterations in size, shape and osmotic behaviour of red cells after splenectomy:
      a study of their age dependence.
AB  - In whole blood from splenectomized subjects (n = 20), red cells showed a
      significant increase of mean surface area (MSA), mean cell volume (MCV), MSA/MCV
      ratio and osmotic resistance, with the mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
      being decreased. Studies on red cell populations of different cell age revealed
      that the increase of MSA affects younger and older cells, whereas the increase of
      MCV can mainly be ascribed to young cells with low density. The increased osmotic
      resistance is mainly determined by older cells due to a more favourable MSA/MCV
      ratio. Shortly after splenectomy (n = 5) the MSA of younger and older cells
      increased, whereas the increase of MCV affected only young cells with a lowered
      density; moreover, the MSA/MCV-ratio increased in older cells in particular,
      resulting in a relatively greater increase of osmotic resistance. An impaired
      maturation of the reticulocyte may underlie the initial increase of MSA and MCV
      of young cells, but the present results contradict the current view that delayed
      maturation explains the changes in morphology and osmotic resistance of asplenic
      red cells.

PMID- 3382601
TI  - Spontaneous remission in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

PMID- 3382602
TI  - Craniopharyngioma--kid stuff.

PMID- 3382603
TI  - Parkinson's disease problems in nursing management related to medications.

PMID- 3382604
TI  - Seating the spastic patient.

PMID- 3382605
TI  - Spasticity: its functional implication in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 3382606
TI  - Methods of treatment for cysts and abscesses of Bartholin's gland.

PMID- 3382607
TI  - Trophoblast membrane infusion for unexplained recurrent miscarriage.
AB  - A novel protocol is described which has been developed for immunotherapy in
      unexplained recurrent miscarriage. This is based on a single intravenous infusion
      with isolated placental trophoblast plasma membrane vesicle preparations.
      Clinical experience gained with this approach is described. A total of 16/21
      (76%) patients who subsequently had pregnancies have now achieved a live birth or
      are currently pregnant at greater than 28 weeks gestation.

PMID- 3382608
TI  - Artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen: a decade of experience.
AB  - Ten years' experience of artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor semen
      for 1023 courses in 783 women resulting in 572 pregnancies is reported. A simple
      approach with multiple inseminations timed on the basis of cycle length,
      temperature charts, mucus symptoms and signs was used. The life table pregnancy
      rate was 61% after 12 cycles of treatment and 75% after 24 cycles. Women had a
      significantly higher rate of pregnancy in second and subsequent courses of
      treatment, and the pregnancy rate for treatment beyond 12 cycles was
      significantly less successful. Women over 35 years of age were significantly less
      successful.

PMID- 3382609
TI  - The treatment of normospermic infertility by gamete intrafallopian transfer
      (GIFT).
AB  - Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) was applied in 207 treatment cycles in 73
      couples. The pregnancy rate in cycles with only one (2/21, 9.5%) or two (2/29,
      6.9%) oocytes transferred was significantly less than that in which four oocytes
      (36/116, 31.0%) were replaced. The collection of more than four oocytes did not
      influence the pregnancy rate in that treatment cycle. The overall pregnancy rate
      was 24.2% (50 of 207) and was similar in the four infertility groups studied (non
      occlusive tubal disorders, endometriosis, cervical factor and unexplained
      infertility) with 28 (56%) of the pregnancies delivered at greater than or equal
      to 20 weeks. The pregnancy wastage included 4 (8%) ectopic pregnancies and 3 (6%)
      late pregnancy losses. The 12 multiple pregnancies occurred following the
      transfer of three and four oocytes.

PMID- 3382610
TI  - Urinary incontinence during sexual intercourse: a common, but rarely volunteered,
      symptom.
AB  - A total of 400 women referred consecutively to a gynaecological urology clinic
      was questioned with regard to their sexual activity and were subsequently
      investigated by cystometry to establish the prevalence of urinary incontinence
      occurring during intercourse, and to define the urodynamic background of
      sufferers. Of the 400 women 324 were sexually active, and of these 79 (24%)
      experienced incontinence during intercourse; in two thirds of sufferers
      incontinence occurred on penetration, whereas in the remaining one third urine
      leakage was restricted to orgasm. Of the former group 70% were shown to have
      genuine stress incontinence and 4% detrusor instability; of the latter, 42% had
      genuine stress incontinence and 35% detrusor instability. A comparison of
      cystometric variables in these two index groups and matched controls failed to
      identify any specific abnormality of bladder function associated with these
      symptoms.

PMID- 3382611
TI  - A further assessment of the gauze hammock sling operation in the treatment of
      stress incontinence.
AB  - A further series of 100 consecutive gauze hammock sling operations for urinary
      stress incontinence is presented with preliminary urodynamic assessment in all
      cases and follow-up from 6 months to 5 years. In 63 women the operation was a
      primary procedure. Modification to the operation included redesign of the shape
      of the sling, use of increased tension where minor degrees of bladder detrusor
      instability exist, and use of a suprapubic catheter postoperatively. Of the 100
      women 87 were reviewed directly and 12 indirectly; only one was lost to follow
      up. After operation, 78% were continent, 17% showed improvement and there were 4%
      failures. The only serious complication was a pulmonary embolus in one woman but
      15 had some voiding difficulty during the follow-up period which responded to
      urethral dilatation in all but three. There were no fistulas. This improved
      technique should overcome many of the objections to the sling procedure and is a
      suitable primary procedure for stress incontinence or for treatment of recurrence
      after previous alternative procedures.

PMID- 3382612
TI  - Malignant lymphoma presenting as an ovarian tumour: a clinicopathological
      analysis of 34 cases.
AB  - The clinicopathological features of 34 patients with malignant lymphoma or
      leukaemia where the initial presentation was as an ovarian tumour are described.
      Nineteen patients died, usually within 1 year of diagnosis, whilst 15 survived,
      some for long periods. Factors indicating a poor prognosis were rapid onset of
      abdominal symptoms, the presence of systemic symptoms, bilateral ovarian tumours,
      advanced stage and a histological pattern other than that of a B-cell lymphoma.
      For staging purposes the Ann Arbor method appeared a more sensitive prognostic
      indicator than did the FIGO staging system. It is suggested that primary
      malignant lymphomas of the ovary are extremely rare and that for therapeutic
      purposes all lymphomas of the ovary should be regarded as local manifestations of
      systemic disease.

PMID- 3382613
TI  - The incidence and morphology of hydatidiform mole in Abu Dhabi, United Arab
      Emirates, 1978-1986.
AB  - In a combined retrospective and prospective study of the frequency and morphology
      of hydatidiform mole in Abu Dhabi between 1978 and 1986, the incidence at Al
      Corniche Hospital was 2.02 per 1000 deliveries. Morphological classification
      showed that complete moles formed 80% of the total.

PMID- 3382614
TI  - Carcinoma of the cervix with massive eosinophilia.
AB  - Massive local eosinophilia of 100 or more eosinophils per high power field was
      found in 3.2% cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The prevalence, length
      of history before presentation to surgery and histological features were similar
      in patients from Great Britain and Malawi, but in both populations the mean age
      at diagnosis was lower than in patients with cervical carcinomas without tissue
      eosinophilia. In some of the tumours, the malignant cells were very difficult to
      find because of the eosinophil infiltrate, and misinterpretation as an
      inflammatory lesion was possible. In the absence of circulating eosinophilia,
      cervical carcinomas with massive eosinophilia were found to have a better
      prognosis than tumours without. Five patients had circulating eosinophilia as
      well as local tumour eosinophil infiltration, and each of them had extensive
      tumour spread.

PMID- 3382615
TI  - Use of tissue expansion techniques to create skin flaps for vaginoplasty. Case
      report.

PMID- 3382616
TI  - Candidiasis in women fitted with an intrauterine contraceptive device.
AB  - Vaginal colonization by Candida spp. was compared in 117 women fitted with an
      intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD users) and in 100 women not wearing an
      IUCD (control group). None of the subjects had factors currently assumed to
      predispose to yeast colonization or infection. Yeasts were present significantly
      more often in the IUCD users (20%) than in the control group (6%). In two of the
      21 women with positive cultures the tail of the IUCD yielded substantially more
      colonies than the vaginal specimen and in seven, only the tail culture was
      positive. These findings strongly suggest that the IUCD is a predisposing factor
      in vaginal colonization by Candida strains. In half the women the presence of
      yeasts in the vagina was not associated with signs and symptoms of clinical
      infection. Of the 29 yeast strains isolated 17 were C. albicans, there was no
      difference in the prevalence of C. albicans between IUCD users and non-users or
      between symptomatic and asymptomatic women.

PMID- 3382618
TI  - The management of severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy complicating
      placental abruption in the second trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 3382617
TI  - Management of a bleeding aberrant cervical artery following vacuum suction
      termination. Case report.

PMID- 3382619
TI  - Natural killer cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human
      papillomavirus infection.

PMID- 3382620
TI  - Pregnancy and delivery by caesarean section in a patient with transposition of
      the great arteries and single ventricle. Case report.

PMID- 3382621
TI  - Properties of the 3' to 5' exonuclease associated with calf DNA polymerase delta.
AB  - The 3' to 5' exonuclease of calf thymus DNA polymerase delta has properties
      expected of a proofreading nuclease. It digests either single-stranded DNA or the
      single-stranded nucleotides of a mismatched primer on a DNA template by a
      nonprocessive mechanism. The distribution of oligonucleotide products suggests
      that a significant portion of the enzyme dissociates after the removal of one
      nucleotide. This mechanism is expected if the substrate in vivo is an incorrect
      nucleotide added by the polymerase. Digestion of single-stranded DNA does not
      proceed to completion, producing final products six to seven nucleotides long.
      Digestion of a long mismatched terminus accelerates when the mismatched region is
      reduced to less than six nucleotides. At the point of complementation, the
      digestion rate is greatly reduced. These results suggest that short mismatched
      regions are a preferred substrate. The use of a mismatched primer-template
      analogue, lacking the template single strand, greatly lowers digestion efficiency
      at the single-stranded 3'-terminus, suggesting that the template strand is
      important for substrate recognition. When oligonucleotides were examined for
      effectiveness as exonuclease inhibitors, (dG)8 was found to be the most potent
      inhibitor of single-stranded DNA digestion. (dG)8 was less effective at
      inhibiting digestion of mismatched primer termini, again suggesting that this DNA
      is a preferred substrate. Overall, these results indicate that the exonuclease of
      DNA polymerase delta efficiently removes short mismatched DNA, a structure formed
      from misincorporation during DNA synthesis.

PMID- 3382622
TI  - Periodic cleavage of poly(dA) by oligothymidylates covalently linked to the 1,10
      phenanthroline-copper complex.
AB  - 1,10-Phenanthroline (OP) was covalently attached to the 3'-terminus of two
      oligothymidylates via different linkers [abbreviated as T8-(OP) and T6-(OP)]. In
      the presence of Cu2+ and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), these reagents induce a
      hybridization-dependent cleavage of poly(dA) and of a 27 nucleotide long
      oligodeoxynucleotide containing an A8 sequence. The principal cleavage sites on
      the 27-mer span four residues located near the 3'-terminal phosphate group of T8
      (OP). When poly(dA) was degraded by T6-(OP) and T8-(OP), a series of bands were
      obtained corresponding to a repeat unit of six and eight nucleotides,
      respectively. This periodicity reflects the cooperative binding of
      oligothymidylate-OP to the polynucleotide matrix and the localized nicking sites.

PMID- 3382623
TI  - Rhodopsin kinase: substrate specificity and factors that influence activity.
AB  - Rhodopsin kinase was prepared from bovine retinas by the method of Sitaramayya
      [Sitaramayya, A. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 5460] with some minor modifications. The
      enzyme is able to phosphorylate bovine rhodopsin in the disk membrane, rhodopsin
      from other species, and rhodopsin solubilized in mild detergent (dodecyl
      maltoside). Rhodopsin kinase can phosphorylate synthetic peptides containing the
      appropriate sequences from bovine rhodopsin; however, the Km values for these
      peptides are about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that for rhodopsin or ATP.
      Some peptides from the cytosolic surface of rhodopsin inhibit the
      phosphorylation. These results suggest that more than one region of rhodopsin is
      involved in the interaction of rhodopsin of the kinase. Mg2+ is required for the
      Mg-ATP complex as shown by the observation that (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic
      acid inhibits kinase activity. Second, free Mg2+ above the concentration required
      to complex all of the ATP present activates the kinase. Third, higher
      concentrations of Mg2+ yield Mg-ATP-Mg instead of Mg-ATP and therefore inhibit
      the kinase activity. Other physiologically important cations such as Ca2+, Na+,
      and K+ reduce the activity of the kinase, probably by forming a metal ion-ATP
      complex, thereby reducing the concentration of Mg-ATP. 5'-[p
      (Fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSO2BzAdo), an inhibitor of kinases and
      ATPases, inhibits rhodopsin kinase according to pseudo-first-order kinetics. The
      relationship between the first-order constant and the concentration of FSO2BzAdo
      is hyperbolic. This indicates that a reversible complex between the ATP analogue
      and the enzyme is formed prior to the covalent attachment of the analogue to
      rhodopsin kinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382624
TI  - Influence of the structure of the lipid-water interface on the activity of
      hepatic lipase.
AB  - Factors affecting the hydrolytic activity of purified rat hepatic lipase have
      been examined in mixed-monolayer systems. When nonsubstrate lipids [either egg
      sphingomyelin or beta-O-hexadecyl-gamma-O-(1-ocadec-9-enyl)-DL
      phosphatidylcholine (OPPC-ether)] were used as inert matrices, hydrolytic
      activity for both triolein and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine was shown to
      decrease with increasing surface pressure (pi); negligible activity occurred at
      pi greater than or equal to 30 mN/m. Examination of the effect of introduction of
      cholesterol into either matrix containing 2 mol % triolein indicated that the
      mean molecular area decreased with increasing cholesterol and that, at pi = 24
      mN/m, triolein was fully miscible in the sphingomyelin matrix at cholesterol
      concentrations less than or equal to 32.5 mol % and in the OPPC-ether matrix at
      cholesterol concentrations less than or equal to 49 mol %. Above these critical
      concentrations of cholesterol, the phase diagrams indicate transitions that
      suggest that triolein is forced out of the monolayer. Introduction of increasing
      amounts of cholesterol into either inert matrix increased the rate of hydrolysis
      of triolein by hepatic lipase, although by different degrees. There are at least
      two factors contributing to these effects: (1) condensation of the monolayer by
      cholesterol, thus increasing the total surface concentration of triolein at pi =
      24 mN/m in the constant area surface balance, and (2) some change in triolein
      conformation and/or accessibility since at identical surface concentrations of
      triolein (8.7 +/- 0.1 pmol/cm2) and pi (24 mN/m) the rate of hydrolysis of
      triolein by hepatic lipase is 1.5-fold higher in the OPPC-ether matrix than in
      the egg sphingomyelin matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382625
TI  - Melittin-induced changes of the macroscopic structure of
      phosphatidylethanolamines.
AB  - The binding of melittin to phosphatidylethanolamine model systems and its
      influence on the supramolecular organization of the lipid were investigated with
      binding assays, differential scanning calorimetry, 31P NMR, freeze-fracture
      electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results are compared
      with binding to an analogous phosphatidylcholine and structural consequences
      thereof. Melittin binds with similar affinity to both lipid types in the liquid
      crystalline state; at gel-phase temperatures, in contrast, interaction with
      phosphatidylethanolamine is much weaker and does not lead to the bilayer
      fragmentation observed for phosphatidylcholines. With regard to
      phosphatidylethanolamine polymorphism, it is shown that melittin acts as an
      inhibitor of HII-phase formation and as a stabilizer of the bilayer organization.
      It is demonstrated that the remarkable variety of effects of melittin on the
      polymorphism of different membrane phospholipids can be understood in a
      relatively simple concept, taking into account the relative position and the
      shape of the interacting components.

PMID- 3382626
TI  - Observation of inverted cubic phase in hydrated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
      membranes.
AB  - We report the observation of an inverted cubic phase in aqueous dispersions of
      1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) by small-angle X-ray
      diffraction. DOPE is a paradigm in the study of nonlamellar phases in biological
      systems: it exhibits a well-known phase transition from the lamellar (L alpha) to
      the inverted hexagonal phase (HII) as the temperature is raised. The transition
      is observed to occur rapidly when a DOPE dispersion is heated from 2 degrees C,
      where the L alpha phase is stable, to 15 degrees C, where the HII phase is
      stable. We report on the induction of a crystallographically well-defined cubic
      lattice that is slowly formed when the lipid dispersion is rapidly cycled between
      -5 and 15 degrees C hundreds of times. Once formed, the cubic lattice is stable
      at 4 degrees C for several weeks and exhibits the same remarkable metastability
      that characterizes other cubic phases in lipid-water systems. X-ray diffraction
      indicates that the cubic lattice is most consistent with either the Pn3m or Pn3
      space group. Tests of lipid purity after induction of the cubic indicate the
      lipid is at least 98% pure. The cubic lattice can be destroyed and the system
      reset by cycling the specimen several times between -30 and 2 degrees C. The
      kinetics of the formation of the cubic are dependent on the thermal history of
      the sample, overall water concentration, and the extreme temperatures of the
      cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382627
TI  - Amino acids of the Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit labeled
      by a photoaffinity ligand for the acetylcholine binding site.
AB  - The acetylcholine-binding sites on the native, membrane-bound acetylcholine
      receptor from Torpedo marmorata were covalently labeled with the photoaffinity
      reagent [3H]-p-(dimethylamino)-benzenediazonium fluoroborate (DDF) in the
      presence of phencyclidine by employing an energy-transfer photolysis procedure.
      The alpha-chains isolated from receptor-rich membranes photolabeled in the
      absence or presence of carbamoylcholine were cleaved with CNBr and the
      radiolabeled fragments purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino
      acid and/or sequence analysis demonstrated that the alpha-chain residues Trp-149,
      Tyr-190, Cys-192, and Cys-193 and an unidentified residue(s) in the segment alpha
      31-105 were all labeled by the photoaffinity reagent in an agonist-protectable
      manner. The labeled amino acids are located within three distinct regions of the
      large amino-terminal hydrophilic domain of the alpha-subunit primary structure
      and plausibly lie in proximity to one another at the level of the acetylcholine
      binding sites in the native receptor. These findings are in accord with models
      proposed for the transmembrane topology of the alpha-chain that assign the amino
      terminal segment alpha 1-210 to the synaptic cleft. Furthermore, the results
      suggest that the four identified [3H]DDF-labeled residues, which are conserved in
      muscle and neuronal alpha-chains but not in the other subunits, may be directly
      involved in agonist binding.

PMID- 3382629
TI  - Rapid lateral diffusion of the variant surface glycoprotein in the coat of
      Trypanosoma brucei.
AB  - The membrane form of the variant surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) is anchored in the
      plasma membrane of Trypanosoma brucei by a dimyristoylphosphatidylinositol
      residue connected via a glycan to the COOH-terminal amino acid. The glycoprotein
      molecules are tightly packed, forming a coat that is impenetrable to lytic serum
      components. Lateral diffusion of mfVSG was measured by the fluorescence recovery
      after photobleaching technique. mfVSG labeled on the cell surface with rhodamine
      conjugated anti-VSG Fab fragments showed a diffusion coefficient of 1 X 10(-10)
      cm2/s at 37 degrees C and of 0.7 X 10(-10) cm2/s at 27 degrees C. About 80% of
      the molecules were mobile. Affinity-purified mfVSG molecules implanted into the
      plasma membrane of baby hamster kidney cells exhibited a similar mobility to that
      found in the trypanosome coat [D = (0.4-0.7) X 10(-10) cm2/s at 4 degrees C].
      Phospholipid mobility in the plasma membrane of trypanosomes was characterized by
      a diffusion coefficient of 2.2 X 10(-9) cm2/s at 37 degrees C. It is concluded
      that mfVSG mobility in the surface coat of the parasite is rapid and comparable
      to that of other membrane-bound glycoproteins but slower than that of
      phospholipids.

PMID- 3382628
TI  - Annular and nonannular binding sites for cholesterol associated with the
      nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - Interactions between lipids and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo
      californica have been measured in reconstituted membranes containing purified
      receptor and defined lipids. The ability of brominated lipids to partially quench
      the intrinsic fluorescence of the acetylcholine receptor has been exploited to
      monitor contacts between the protein and the surrounding lipid. Relative binding
      constants for lipid binding to the protein have been quantitatively determined by
      measuring quenching observed in mixtures of brominated and nonbrominated lipids
      by use of equilibrium exchange equations developed by London and Feigenson
      [London, E., & Feigenson, G. W. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1939-1948] and by
      Simmonds et al. [Simmonds, A. C., Rooney, E. K., & Lee, A. G. (1984) Biochemistry
      23, 1432-1441]. Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and its dibromo derivative are the
      two principal lipids used in the reconstituted membranes to establish the
      quenching parameters. Competition studies between cholesterol and
      phosphatidylcholine indicate that cholesterol does not compete effectively for
      the phospholipid sites presumed to surround the membrane-embedded portions of the
      receptor (annular lipids). However, dibromocholesterol partially quenches the
      receptor and leads to additional quenching of receptor in pure
      dibromophosphatidylcholine membranes. The results are consistent with the
      presence of additional binding sites for cholesterol that are not accessible to
      phospholipids (nonannular sites). Similar results are obtained by using
      cholesterol hemisuccinate and its dibromo analogue, both of which can be
      introduced into membranes more easily than cholesterol because of their greater
      solubility in water. Fatty acids appear to compete for both annular and
      nonannular sites, and analysis of the quenching data suggests that there are 5-10
      nonannular sites associated with the receptor. Cholesterol has been shown to play
      a critical role in both acetylcholine receptor structural stabilization and ion
      channel activity, and the results presented here provide additional information
      about cholesterol-receptor interactions.

PMID- 3382630
TI  - Inhibition of sodium-calcium exchange in cardiac sarcolemmal membrane vesicles.
      1. Mechanism of inhibition by amiloride analogues.
AB  - The mechanism by which terminal guanidino nitrogen substituted analogues of
      amiloride inhibit Na-Ca exchange in purified cardiac sarcolemmal membrane
      vesicles has been investigated. These inhibitors block both Nai-dependent Ca2+
      uptake and Nao-dependent Ca2+ efflux. Inhibition of Na-Ca exchange monitored in
      K+ is noncompetitive vs Ca2+ but competitive vs Na+. Substitution of sucrose for
      K+ results in mixed kinetics of inhibition vs Ca2+, suggesting a complex
      interaction between inhibitor and carrier under this condition. Amiloride
      derivatives also block two other modes of carrier action: Na-Na exchange is
      inhibited in a competitive fashion with Na+ and kinetics of Ca-Ca exchange
      inhibition are mixed vs Ca2+ in either sucrose or K+. However, Ca-Ca exchange
      inhibition can be alleviated by increasing K+ concentration. Dixon analyses of Na
      Ca exchange block with mixtures of inhibitors suggest that these agents are
      interacting at more than one site. In addition, Hill plots of inhibition are
      biphasic with Hill coefficients of 1 and 2 at low and high inhibitor
      concentrations, respectively. These results indicate that amiloride derivatives
      are mechanism-based inhibitors that interact at two classes of substrate-binding
      sites on the carrier; at low concentration they bind preferentially to a site
      that is exclusive for Na+, while at higher concentration they also interact at a
      site that is common for Na+, Ca2+, and K+.

PMID- 3382631
TI  - Fourier transform infrared study of the halorhodopsin chloride pump.
AB  - Halorhodopsin (hR) is a light-driven chloride pump located in the cell membrane
      of Halobacterium halobium. Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy has
      been used to study structural alterations occurring during the hR photocycle. The
      frequencies of peaks attributed to the retinylidene chromophore are similar to
      those observed in the spectra of the related protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR),
      indicating that in hR as in bR an all-trans----13-cis isomerization occurs during
      formation of the early bathoproduct. Spectral features due to protein structural
      alterations are also similar for the bR and hR photocycles. For example,
      formation of the red-shifted primary photoproducts of both hR and bR results in
      similar carboxyl peaks in the 1730-1745-cm-1 region. However, in contrast to bR,
      no further changes are observed in the carboxyl region during subsequent steps in
      the hR photocycle, indicating that additional carboxyl groups are not directly
      involved in chloride translocation. Overall, the close similarity of vibrations
      in hR and bR photoproduct difference spectra supports the existence of some
      common elements in the molecular mechanisms of energy transduction and active
      transport by these two proteins.

PMID- 3382632
TI  - The course and prerequisites of Lys-plasminogen formation during fibrinolysis.
AB  - Plasmin-catalyzed modification of the native plasma zymogen Glu1-plasminogen to
      its more reactive Lys78 form has been shown to be enhanced in the presence of
      fibrin. The aim of the present work has been to characterize the influence of
      fibrinopeptide release, fibrin polymerization, and plasmin cleavage of fibrin on
      the rate of Lys78-plasminogen formation. 125I-Labeled Glu1- to Lys78-plasminogen
      conversion was catalyzed by performed Lys78-plasmin, or by plasmin generated
      during plasminogen activation with tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase. The
      two forms of plasminogen were quantitated following separation by polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis in acetic acid/urea. Plasmin generated by plasminogen
      activator was monitored by a fixed-time amidolytic assay. The rate of Lys78
      plasminogen formation was correlated, in separate experiments, to the
      simultaneous, plasmin-catalyzed cleavage of 125I-labeled fibrinogen or fibrin to
      fragments X, Y, and D. The radiolabeled components were quantitated after
      separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      results show that the formation of both bathroxobin-catalyzed des-A-fibrin and
      thrombin-catalyzed des-AB-fibrin leads to marked stimulation of Lys78-plasminogen
      formation, whereas inhibition of fibrin polymerization, with Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro,
      abolishes the stimulatory effect. The rate of Lys78-plasminogen formation varies
      markedly in the course of fibrinolysis. The apparent second-order rate constant
      of the reaction undergoes a transient increase upon transformation of fibrin to
      des-A(B) fragment X polymer and decreases about 10-fold to the level observed
      during fibrinogenolysis upon further degradation to soluble fragments Y and
      D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382633
TI  - Synthetic peptide models for the redox-active disulfide loop of glutaredoxin.
      Conformational studies.
AB  - Two cyclic peptide disulfides (Sequence: see text). (X = L-Tyr or L-Phe) have
      been synthesized as models for the 14-membered redox-active disulfide loop of
      glutaredoxin. 1H NMR studies at 270 MHz in chloroform solutions establish a type
      I beta-turn conformation for the Pro-X segment in both peptides, stabilized by a
      4----1 hydrogen bond between the Cys(1) CO and Cys(4) NH groups. Nuclear
      Overhauser effects establish that the aromatic ring in the X = Phe peptide is
      oriented over the central peptide unit. In dimethyl sulfoxide solutions two
      conformational species are observed in slow exchange on the NMR time scale, for
      both peptides. These are assigned to type I and type II beta-turn structures with
      -Pro-Tyr(Phe)- as the corner residues. The structural assignments are based on
      correlation of NMR parameters with model 14-membered cyclic cystine peptides with
      Pro-X spacers. Circular dichroism studies based on the -S-S- n-omega* transition
      suggest a structural change in the disulfide bridge with changing solvent
      polarity, establishing conformational coupling between the peptide backbone and
      the disulfide linkage in these systems.

PMID- 3382634
TI  - Structural studies of a folding intermediate of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A
      by continuous recycled flow.
AB  - A new technique, continuous recycled flow (CRF) spectroscopy, has been developed
      for observing intermediates of any thermally induced, reversible reaction with a
      half-life of 10 s or longer. The structure can be probed by any spectroscopic
      method which does not perturb the system. Prolonged signal acquisitions of 8 h
      for ribonuclease A are possible. CRF was used to investigate the structure of the
      slow-folding intermediates of chemically intact ribonuclease A (RNase A) during
      thermal unfolding/folding under acidic conditions. The following conclusions were
      reached on the basis of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance and far-ultraviolet
      circular dichroism spectra of a folding intermediate(s): (A) The conformation of
      the detected folding intermediate(s) is similar to that of the heat-denatured
      protein. There is only limited formation of new structures. (B) The N-terminal
      alpha-helix is partially stable under these conditions and is in rapid (less than
      10 ms) equilibrium with the denatured conformation. (C) There are long-range
      interactions between the hydrophobic residues of the N-terminal alpha-helix and
      the rest of the protein. These interactions persist well above the melting point.
      (D) An aliphatic methyl group reports on the formation of a new structure(s) that
      lie(s) outside of the N-terminal region. (E) The structures detected in
      chemically modified, nonfolding forms of the RNase A are also present in the
      folding intermediate(s). There are, however, additional interactions that are
      unique to chemically intact RNase A.

PMID- 3382635
TI  - Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of the photoreaction of
      horseradish peroxidase compound I.
AB  - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) compound I is photolabile at all temperatures
      between room temperature and 4 K. The photoredox reaction has been studied in
      frozen glassy solutions by using optical absorption and magnetic circular
      dichroism spectra following photolysis of HRP compound I with visible-wavelength
      light at 4.2 and 77 K. The photochemical process is characterized as a concerted
      two-electron transfer reaction which results in the conversion of the Fe(IV) heme
      pi-cation radical species of HRP compound I into a low-spin Fe(III) heme species.
      This reaction occurs even when photolysis is carried out at 4.2 K. Spectra
      recorded between 4.2 and 80 K for the low-spin ferric hydroxide complex of HRP
      closely resemble the data measured for the photochemical product. The proposed
      mechanism for the photoreaction is (formula; see text) No evidence is found for
      the formation of an Fe(II) heme at these temperatures.

PMID- 3382636
TI  - Femtosecond charge separation in organized assemblies: free-radical reactions
      with pyridine nucleotides in micelles.
AB  - Femtosecond laser UV pulse-induced charge separation and electron transfer across
      a polar interface have been investigated in anionic aqueous micells (sodium
      lauryl sulfate) containing an aromatic hydrocarbon (phenothiazine). The early
      events of the photoejection of the electron from the micellized chromophore and
      subsequent reaction of electron with the aqueous perimicellar phase have been
      studied by ultrafast infrared and visible absorption spectroscopy. The charge
      separation (chromophore +...e-) inside the micelle occurs in less than 10(-13) s
      (100 fs). The subsequent thermalization and localization of the photoelectron in
      the aqueous phase are reached in 250 fs. This results in the appearance of an
      infrared band assigned to a nonrelaxed solvated electron (presolvated state).
      This transient species relaxes toward the fully solvated state of the electron in
      270 fs. In anionic aqueous micelles containing pyridine dinucleotides at high
      concentration (0.025-0.103 M), a single electron transfer can be initiated by
      femtosecond photoionization of phenothiazine. The one-electron reduction of the
      oxidized pyridine dinucleotide leads to the formation of a free pyridinyl
      radical. The bimolecular rate constant of this electron transfer depends on both
      the pH of the micellar system and the concentration of oxidized acceptor. The
      free-radical reaction is analyzed in terms of the time dependence of a diffusion
      controlled process. In the first 2 ps following the femtosecond photoionization
      of PTH inside the micelle, an early formation of a free pyridinyl radical is
      observed. This suggests that an ultrafast free-radical reaction with an oxidized
      form of pyridine nucleotide can be triggered by a single electron transfer in
      less than 5 X 10(11) s-1.

PMID- 3382637
TI  - Two-dimensional NMR studies of Kazal proteinase inhibitors. 2. Sequence-specific
      assignments and secondary structure of reactive site modified turkey ovomucoid
      third domain.
AB  - The solution structure of modified turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3*) was
      investigated by high-resolution proton NMR techniques. OMTKY3* was obtained by
      enzymatic hydrolysis of the scissile reactive site peptide bond (Leu18-Glu19) in
      turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3). All of the backbone proton resonances
      were assigned to sequence-specific residues except the NH's of Leu1 and Glu19,
      which were not observed. Over 80% of the side-chain protons also were assigned.
      The secondary structure of OMTKY3*, as determined from assigned NOESY cross-peaks
      and identification of slowly exchanging amide protons, contains antiparallel beta
      sheet consisting of three strands (residues 21-25, 28-32, and 49-54), one alpha
      helix (residues 33-44), and one reverse turn (residues 26-28). This secondary
      structure closely resembles that of OMTKY3 in solution [Robertson, A. D.,
      Westler, W. M., & Markley, J. L. (1988) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this
      issue)]. On the other hand, changes in the tertiary structure of the protein near
      to and remote from the cleavage site are indicated by differences in the chemical
      shifts of numerous backbone protons of OMTKY3 and OMTKY3*.

PMID- 3382638
TI  - Circular dichroism of halorhodopsin: comparison with bacteriorhodopsin and
      sensory rhodopsin I.
AB  - Circular dichroic (CD) spectra of three related protein pigments from
      Halobacterium halobium, halorhodopsin (HR), bacteriorhodopsin (BR), and sensory
      rhodopsin I (SR-I), are compared. In native membranes the two light-driven ion
      pumps, HR and BR, exhibit bilobe circular dichroism spectra characteristic of
      exciton splitting in the region of retinal absorption, while the phototaxis
      receptor, SR-I, exhibits a single positive band centered at the SR-I absorbance
      maximum. This indicates specific aggregation of protein monomers of HR, as
      previously noted [Sugiyama, Y., & Mukohata, Y. (1984) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 96, 413
      420], similar to the well-characterized retinal/retinal exciton interaction in
      the purple membrane. The absence of this interaction in SR-I indicates SR-I is
      present in the native membrane as monomers or that interactions between the
      retinal chromophores are weak due to chromophore orientation or separation.
      Solubilization of HR and BR with nondenaturing detergents eliminates the exciton
      coupling, and the resulting CD spectra share similar features in all spectral
      regions from 250 to 700 nm. Schiff-base deprotonation of both BR and HR yields
      positive CD bands near 410 nm and shows similar fine structure in both pigments.
      Removal of detergent restores the HR native spectrum. HR differs from BR in that
      circular dichroic bands corresponding to both amino acid and retinal environments
      are much more sensitive to external salt concentration and pH. A theoretical
      analysis of the exciton spectra of HR and BR that provides a range of
      interchromophore distances and orientations is performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382639
TI  - Characterization of a protein C activator from the venom of Agkistrodon
      contortrix contortrix.
AB  - An enzyme capable of activating protein C has been purified 60-fold from the
      venom of the Southern copperhead snake (Agkistrodon contortrix) by ion-exchange
      and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme consists of a single
      polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000. The isoelectric point of
      the protein C activator was determined to be 6.3 when measured by
      chromatofocusing. The enzyme was inhibited by p-nitrophenyl p-guanidinobenzoate,
      phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, and D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl but was not affected by
      cysteine-directed reagents or by metal chelators. These results suggest that the
      enzyme is a serine protease. Protein C activator was capable of hydrolyzing the
      thrombin substrate tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (TGPRpNA), and steady-state
      kinetic studies determined that the Km for amidolysis of this substrate was 1.1
      mM while the Vmax was 66 s-1. The activator demonstrated considerable substrate
      specificity since the amidolysis of D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA, D-Ile-Pro-Arg-pNA, Bz-Ile
      Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA, D-Val-Leu-Arg-pNA, and pyrGlu-Pro-Arg-pNA was less than 10% of
      that of TGPRpNA when measured under identical conditions using 1.0 mM substrate
      concentrations. The enzyme appears to be thrombin-like in its preference for
      arginyl as compared to lysyl chloromethyl ketones as well as by its inhibition by
      benzamidine and p-aminobenzamidine. However, the substrate specificity of the
      activator is distinguished from alpha-thrombin in that it does not clot
      fibrinogen and does not react with antithrombin III or hirudin.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382640
TI  - Thrombin inactivates acidic fibroblast growth factor but not basic fibroblast
      growth factor.
AB  - Incubation of bovine brain derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) with
      bovine or human thrombin, 0.5 NIH unit/mL, for 24 h at 37 degrees C results in
      cleavage of the mitogen, generating a 14-kilodalton fragment which has
      significantly reduced affinity for immobilized heparin as compared to aFGF, and
      is at least 50-fold less potent at stimulating mitogenesis. In addition, an 18
      amino acid peptide, aFGF(123-140), is generated, identifying one of the thrombin
      cleavage sites as the Arg-122/Thr-123 bond. The peptide, aFGF(123-140), is
      neither mitogenic itself nor an inhibitor of the mitogenic activity of aFGF. The
      cleavage of aFGF by thrombin is inhibited by heparin (50 micrograms/mL) and is
      completely blocked by the irreversible thrombin inhibitors D-Phe-Pro-Arg
      chloromethyl ketone and hirudin. Incubation of aFGF with 50 units/mL thrombin at
      37 degrees C results in rapid cleavage of the mitogen into several fragments. In
      contrast, incubation of bovine brain derived basic fibroblast growth factor with
      1 unit/mL thrombin for 24 h, or 50 units/mL thrombin for 6 h, does not result in
      significant cleavage of mitogen. The results show that the C-terminal region of
      aFGF is of functional importance in both mitogenesis and heparin binding. Most
      importantly, a novel role for anionic heparin-binding growth factors and their
      fragments is indicated in physiologic and pathologic situations associated with
      thrombin generation.

PMID- 3382641
TI  - Biphasic stimulation of cellular calcium concentration by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine
      in rat thymocytes.
AB  - 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T3) produced a rapid and transient increase in 45Ca
      uptake and cytoplasmic free calcium concentration in rat thymocytes, which is the
      most rapid effect of T3 in this system. This effect was manifested in cells
      suspended in medium containing 1 mM calcium. The T3 effect on 45Ca uptake was
      evident at 15-30 s, reached maximum at 30-60 s, and returned to control values at
      5 min. The T3 effect on cytoplasmic free calcium concentration was seen after 30
      s, reached maximum at 7 min, and returned to control values after 24 min. In
      cells suspended in Ca2+-free medium, T3 produced a similar rapid increase in 45Ca
      uptake, which was sustained for at least 60 min, but T3 failed to change
      cytoplasmic free calcium concentration. Alprenolol (10 microM) blocked the
      stimulatory effects of T3 on these two functions in a similar fashion. From these
      results, I suggest that in rat thymocytes T3 influences cellular calcium economy
      through a biphasic mechanism in which T3 first increases calcium uptake which, in
      turn, is followed by a release of calcium from intracellular pool(s), resulting
      in a further increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration and the
      activation of Ca2+ -regulated systems. Moreover, the present study provides
      further support for the postulate that in the rat thymocyte calcium serves as the
      first messenger for the plasma membrane-mediated stimulatory effects of T3 on
      several metabolic functions.

PMID- 3382642
TI  - Affinity labeling of the P site of Drosophila ribosomes: a comparison of results
      from (bromoacetyl)phenylalanyl-tRNA and mercurated fragment affinity reactions.
AB  - The binding site of the peptidyl group of peptidyl-tRNA in the P site of
      Drosophila ribosomes was probed with (bromoacetyl)phenylalanyl-tRNA (BrAcPhe
      tRNA). This affinity label binds specifically to the P site by virtue of its
      ability to participate in peptide bond formation with puromycin following its
      attachment to ribosomes. As many as nine ribosomal proteins may be labeled under
      these conditions; however, the majority of the labeling is associated with three
      large-subunit proteins and two small-subunit proteins. Two of the large-subunit
      proteins, L4 and L27, are electrophoretically very similar to the proteins
      labeled by the same reagent in Escherichia coli ribosomes L2 and L27.
      Reexamination by a different two-dimensional gel system of the ribosomal
      components labeled by a second P site reagent, the 3' pentanucleotide fragment of
      N-acetylleucyl-tRNA which is derivatized to contain mercury atoms at the C-5
      position of all three cytosine residues, shows two major and three minor labeled
      proteins. These proteins, L10/L11, L26, S1/S4, S13, and S20, are likely present
      in the binding site of the 3' end of peptidyl-tRNA, a site that appears to span
      both subunits. These results have allowed us to construct a model for the protein
      positions in and near the peptidyl-tRNA binding site of Drosophila ribosomes.

PMID- 3382643
TI  - Fluidity of intact erythrocyte membranes. Correction for fluorescence energy
      transfer from diphenylhexatriene to hemoglobin.
AB  - Membranes of intact erythrocytes were labeled by the fluorescent probe 1,6
      diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) using an improved labeling procedure described
      previously (Plasek, J. and Jarolim, P. (1987) Gen. Physiol. Biophys. 6, 425-437).
      The relationship between the steady-state DPH fluorescence anisotropy r and the
      mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was studied. Fluorescence
      anisotropy increased with increasing MCHC. A linear dependence of r = 0.0026
      (MCHC) + 0.113 was obtained which enabled us to measure the fluidity of intact
      red cell membranes. Without this correction for fluorescence quenching by
      hemoglobin, incorrect conclusions about membrane fluidity could be made. This
      fact is demonstrated in a group of pyruvate kinase deficient patients compared
      with a group of healthy blood donors.

PMID- 3382644
TI  - Intracellular Ca2+ does not activate the SITS-sensitive anion transporter in
      barnacle muscle.
AB  - By means of the intracellular dialysis technique, we have measured 36Cl efflux
      from single barnacle muscle fibers and compared the effects of raising
      intracellular ionized calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) to the effects of lowering
      intracellular pH (pHi). Lowering pHi by 1 unit or less resulted in a 20-fold
      stimulation of 36Cl efflux which occurred relatively rapidly and which could be
      inhibited by 90-95% by 4-acetamido-4'-isothio-cyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
      (SITS). In contrast, raising [Ca2+]i as much as 250-fold resulted in a relatively
      small increase of 36Cl efflux. The small increase occurred after a long latency,
      developed slowly and could not be blocked or prevented by treatment with SITS. We
      conclude that the increase of the SITS-sensitive 36Cl efflux caused by a fall of
      pHi is not mediated by a rise of [Ca2+]i.

PMID- 3382645
TI  - Sarcolemmal phospholipid fatty acid composition and permeability.
AB  - In this study, the mechanism of ischaemia-induced increased sarcolemmal
      permeability, as manifested by release of intracellular enzymes, was
      investigated. The role of changes in the sarcolemmal phospholipid bilayer in this
      process was evaluated by experimental modulation of the phospholipid fatty acid
      composition. The isolated perfused rat heart subjected to low-flow hypoxia, was
      used as a model of global ischaemia. Glucose as well as saturated (palmitate) and
      unsaturated (linoleate) long-chain fatty acids were used as substrates. Hearts
      perfused with palmitate or linoleate (1.5 mM, fatty acid/albumin ratio, 3.4)
      showed a significantly higher rate of lactate dehydrogenase release in both
      control and ischaemic conditions than hearts perfused with glucose (10 mM).
      Lactate dehydrogenase release in the fatty acid-perfused hearts was associated
      with a significant increase in the percentage unsaturation of the sarcolemmal
      phospholipid fatty acids. Glucose-perfused hearts, on the other hand, showed only
      minor changes in the sarcolemmal phospholipid fatty acid composition. Attempts to
      correlate enzyme release directly with an increase in the percentage unsaturation
      of phospholipid fatty acids failed, since enzyme release was also stimulated in
      control fatty-acid-perfused hearts which (when compared with glucose) contained a
      higher percentage saturated phospholipid fatty acids. The results suggest that
      myocardial ischaemia, apart from changes in the sarcolemmal phospholipid fatty
      acid composition, also induces several other changes in sarcolemmal composition
      (e.g., cholesterol loss) which may affect is permeability for macromolecules.

PMID- 3382646
TI  - Modulation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in rat parotid basolateral membrane
      vesicles by K+ + Cl- flux.
AB  - In basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from rat parotid glands, the
      initial rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport, in the presence of KCl, was approx.
      2-fold higher than that obtained with mannitol, sucrose or N-methyl-D-glucamine
      (NMDG)-gluconate. Only NH4+, Rb+, or Br- could effectively substitute for K+ or
      Cl-, respectively. This KCl activation was concentration dependent, with maximal
      response by 50 mM KCl. An inwardly directed KCl gradient up to 50 mM KCl had no
      effect on Ca2+ transport, while equilibration of the vesicles with KCl (greater
      than 100 mM) increased transport 15-20%. In presence of Cl-, 86Rb+ uptake was 2.5
      fold greater than in the presence of gluconate. 0.5 mM furosemide inhibited 86Rb+
      flux by approx. 60% in a Cl- medium and by approx. 20% in a gluconate medium.
      Furosemide also inhibited KCl activation of Ca2+ transport with half maximal
      inhibition either at 0.4 mM or 0.05 mM, depending on whether 45Ca2+ transport was
      measured with KCl (150 mM) equilibrium or KCl (150 mM) gradient. In a mannitol
      containing assay medium, potassium gluconate loaded vesicles had a higher
      (approx. 25%) rate of Ca2+ transport than mannitol loaded vesicles. Addition of
      valinomycin (5 microM) to potassium gluconate loaded vesicles further stimulated
      (approx. 30%) the Ca2+ transport rate. These results suggest that during ATP
      dependent Ca2+ transport in parotid BLMV, K+ can be recycled by the concerted
      activities of a K+ and Cl- coupled flux and a K+ conductance.

PMID- 3382647
TI  - Transport of glycyl-L-proline in intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles of the
      suckling rat: characteristics and maturation.
AB  - Transport of the dipeptide glycine-L-proline (Gly-L-Pro) in the developing
      intestine of suckling rats and its subsequent maturation in adult rats was
      examined using the brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) technique. Uptake of Gly
      L-Pro by BBMV was mainly the result of transport into the intravesicular space
      with little binding to membrane surfaces. Transport of Gly-L-Pro in BBMV of
      suckling rats was: (1) Na+ independent; (2) pH dependent with maximum uptake at
      an incubation buffer pH of 5.0; (3) saturable as a function of concentration
      (apparent Km = 21.5 +/- 7.9 mM, Vmax = 8.6 +/- 1.5 nmol/mg protein per 10 s); (4)
      inhibited by other di- and tripeptides; and (5) stimulated and inhibited by
      inducing a negative and positive intravesicular membrane electrical potential,
      respectively. Similarly, transport of Gly-L-Pro in intestinal BBMV of adult rats
      was saturable as a function of concentration (apparent Km = 17.4 +/- 8.6 mM, Vmax
      = 9.1 +/- 2.1 nmol/mg protein per 10 s) and was stimulated and inhibited by
      inducing a relatively negative and positive intravesicular membrane potential,
      respectively. No difference in the transport kinetic parameters of Gly-L-Pro was
      observed in suckling and adult rats, indicating a similar activity (and/or
      number) and affinity of the transport carrier in the two age groups. These
      results demonstrate that the transport of Gly-L-Pro is by a carrier-mediated
      process which is fully developed at the suckling period. Furthermore, the process
      is H+-dependent but not Na+-dependent, electrogenic and most probably occurs by a
      Gly-L-Pro/H+ cotransport mechanism.

PMID- 3382649
TI  - Osmotic dependence of the lysophosphatidylcholine lytic action on liposomes in
      the gel state.
AB  - Multilamellar liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine are susceptible to
      lytic action of lysophosphatidylcholine at the gel state, an effect which is not
      observed when liposomes are in the liquid crystalline state. The lytic action has
      been found to be enhanced when liposomes are dispersed in hypertonic solutions.
      On the contrary, hypotonic solutions decreased the effectiveness of the
      lysolipid. Shrunken liposomes present surface changes as detected by merocyanine
      540 and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid which can be ascribed to the
      spontaneous curvature promoted by shrinkage.

PMID- 3382648
TI  - External ATP-induced passive permeability change and cell lysis of cultured
      transformed cells: action in serum-containing growth media.
AB  - External ATP causes a marked increase in the passive permeability to
      phosphorylated metabolites in several types of transformed cells in alkaline
      medium containing low concentrations of Ca2+, but not in untransformed cells.
      Such increased membrane permeability with external ATP was also observed in B16
      melanoma cells at pH 7.4-7.5 in both Tris-buffered saline and a growth medium
      containing 10% calf serum and divalent ions at normal concentrations, although a
      higher concentration of ATP was required. The permeability change in the growth
      medium was significantly enhanced by calmodulin-interacting drugs, such as
      trifluoperazine (TFP), N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7)
      and chlorpromazine (CPZ). As expected, prolonged exposure of the cells to ATP in
      the serum-containing medium led to cell lysis. This ATP-dependent cell lysis was
      observed only in several transformed cell lines, and not in untransformed mouse
      fibroblasts. These results indicate that the effect of ATP on the membrane
      permeability in transformed cells is elicited under the physiological conditions
      and this would be useful in some limited way for cancer chemotherapy management.

PMID- 3382650
TI  - A phenomenological model for lipid-protein bilayers with critical mixing.
AB  - A Landau expansion of free energy in terms of area/lipid has been used to obtain
      protein-lipid phase diagrams with critical mixing and a maximum phase separation
      concentration. Simulations using this model indicate that differential scanning
      calorimetry scan shapes and transition enthalpies observed for lipid-synthetic
      peptide mixtures are consistent with this type of phase diagram. The critical
      mixing point and the homogeneous mixture critical point are distinguished.

PMID- 3382651
TI  - Structure of fully hydrated bilayer dispersions.
AB  - A systemic formalism is developed that shows how the results for absolute
      specific volumes of multilamellar lipid dispersions may be combined with results
      from diffraction studies to obtain quantitative characterizations of the average
      structure of fully hydrated lipid bilayers. Quantities obtained are the area per
      molecule, the thickness and volumes of the bilayer, the water layer, the
      hydrocarbon chain layer and the headgroup layer, and where appropriate, the tilt
      angle of the hydrocarbon chains. In the case of the C phase of DPPC this
      formalism leads to the detection of inconsistencies between three data. Results
      for the G phases of DPPC and DLPE are in reasonable agreement with, though more
      comprehensive than, previous work that used fewer data and equations. Various
      diffraction data for the F phase of DPPC are in disagreement and it is shown how
      this disagreement affects results for the bilayer structure. A recent method of
      McIntosh and Simon for obtaining fluid phase structure utilizing gel phase
      structure is slightly modified to obtain results for the F phase of DLPE. Methods
      of obtaining the average methylene and methyl volumes in the fluid phases are
      critically examined.

PMID- 3382652
TI  - Apical sodium-sugar transport in pulmonary epithelium in situ.
AB  - The presence of an apical sodium-coupled transport system for D-glucose in lung
      alveolar epithelial cells has been demonstrated in lungs instilled with Ringer's
      fluid and perfused with either blood or Ringer's fluid (Basset et al. (1987) J.
      Physiol. 384, 325-345). The direction of transport is from alveoli towards
      interstitium. The characteristics of the system were evaluated in similar
      preparations by use of sugar analogues such as alpha-methyl-glucopyranoside, 2
      deoxyglucose, 3-O-methylglucose and L-glucose. The main finding was the presence
      of a transport system for alpha-methylglucopyranoside and 2-deoxyglucose in the
      apical cell membrane. This system was unaffected by phloretin. Both alpha
      methylglucopyranoside and 2-deoxyglucose transports were inhibited by phloridzin
      and by the presence of glucose (10(-2) mol.l-1). Competition was demonstrated
      between D-glucose and alpha-methylglucopyranoside or 2-deoxyglucose, but not for
      3-O-methylglucose or L-glucose. 3-O-Methylglucose was cleared as slowly as L
      glucose. The results comply partly with those known from intestinal epithelium
      and kidney proximal tubular epithelium, but the handling of 3-O-methylglucose was
      different. The relative transport rates of Na+ and glucose are compatible with a
      Na+: glucose coupling ratio larger than one.

PMID- 3382653
TI  - Topological distribution of choline phospholipid fatty acids in trout intestinal
      brush-border membrane.
AB  - The transbilayer distribution of choline phospholipids in trout intestinal brush
      border membrane has been investigated using phospholipase C (from Clostridium
      welchii). In the middle intestine, 84% of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 60% of
      sphingomyelin (SP) are located in the outer membrane leaflet. In the posterior
      intestine, 89% of PC and 52% of SP are located in the outer membrane leaflet. The
      externally located PC molecular species are (n - 3) fatty acid-rich in both parts
      of the intestine. While the sphingomyelin molecular species containing 24:1(n -
      9) are exclusively located in the outer leaflet in the middle intestine, those
      containing 14:0 are more abundant in the same leaflet but in the posterior
      intestine. This strongly asymmetric distribution of both choline phospholipids
      may have numerous consequences on the brush-border membrane characteristics.

PMID- 3382654
TI  - Mutual recognition between polymerized liposomes: enzyme and enzyme inhibitor
      system.
AB  - In order to examine the usefulness of polymerized liposomes as a model for cell
      membranes, a mutual recognition phenomenon between different liposomes on which
      complementary ligands were attached was examined. We used trypsin- and soybean
      trypsin inhibitor (STI)-carrying polymerized liposomes to attain high
      sensitivities. The STI which was immobilized on the polymerized mono
      dienoylphosphatidylcholine liposome showed a definite inhibitory effect on the
      catalytic activity of the trypsin which was immobilized on another polymerized
      liposome, whereas the inhibitory effect of the STI which was immobilized on the
      di-dienoylphosphatidylcholine liposome was much smaller than that of the mono
      dienoylphosphatidylcholine system because of the larger rigity of the di
      dienoylphosphatidylcholine liposome. These results suggest that the mutual
      recognition between complementary ligands can be realized by using polymerized
      liposomes with a physical stability and moderate deformability as their carriers.

PMID- 3382655
TI  - Na+- and K+-dependent uridine transport in rat renal brush-border membrane
      vesicles.
AB  - The transport of uridine into rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles was
      investigated using an inhibitor-stop filtration method. Uridine was not
      metabolized under these conditions. The rapid efflux of intravesicular uridine
      was prevented by adding 1 mM phloridzin to the ice-cold stop solution. In the
      presence of inwardly directed gradients of either Na+ or K+, zero-trans uridine
      uptake exhibited a transient overshoot phenomenon indicating active transport.
      The overshoot was much more pronounced with Na+ than K+ and it was not observed
      when either Na+ or K+ was at equilibrium across the membrane. The K+-induced
      overshoot was not due to the presence of a membrane potential alone, as an
      inwardly directed gradient of choline chloride failed to produce it. The
      amplitude of the overshoot was increased by raising either the Na+ or K+
      concentration outside the membrane or by using more lipophilic anions (reactive
      order was NO3- greater than SCN- greater than Cl- greater than SO4(2-). Zero
      trans efflux studies showed that the uridine transport is bidirectional. Li+
      could substitute poorly for Na+ but not at all for K+. Stoichiometries of 1:1 and
      greater than 1:1 were observed for Na+: uridine and K+: uridine coupling,
      respectively. A preliminary analysis of the interactions between Na+ and K+ for
      uridine uptake showed complex interactions which can best be explained by the
      involvement of two different systems for nucleoside transport in the rat renal
      brush-border membrane, one requiring Na+ and the other K+ as transport coupler.

PMID- 3382656
TI  - 1H-NMR of phosphatidylcholine liposomes at low p2H in the presence of a
      paramagnetic shift reagent.
AB  - 1H-NMR spectra of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes in 2H2O were obtained at
      several p2H values in the presence of 10 mM PrCl3 added after sonication of the
      phospholipid. It has been found that as the p2H is lowered below 2, the two
      distinct signals corresponding to the outer and inner phospholipid
      trimethylammonium groups which arise by the shifting effect of the paramagnetic
      cation on the external surface of vesicles, tend to coalesce into a single, high
      field peak, at the position corresponding to the internal, non-shifted -N+ (CH3)3
      protons. These results can be interpreted to mean that the shifting effect of
      Pr3+ on phosphatidylcholine NMR spectra, is due to electrostatic interaction
      between the lanthanide and the ionized group of the lipid. At low p2H, as the
      phosphodiester becomes protonated, the paramagnetic cation is no longer attracted
      by the liposome surface and its shifting effect on the phospholipid NMR signals
      disappears. The plot of the p2H dependence of the chemical shift of the outer
      trimethylammonium resonance of phosphatidylcholine liposomes with praseodymium
      ions present only on the outside of vesicles, results in a sigmoidal titration
      curve with its midpoint at p2H 1.5. In contrast, the inner signal is not affected
      by p2H. If coalescence of signals is considered as indicative of complete
      protonation of the phosphate moiety, the value of 1.5 can be taken as the
      apparent pK for the ionization of that group under the experimental conditions
      employed, i.e., 10 mM PrCl3 in 2H2O. That the low p2H-induced merging of the
      signals is reversible, is shown by the reappearance of the two peaks when the p2H
      of the phospholipid dispersion is raised from 1 to 5.7. Since the recovery of the
      trimethylammonium signal splitting indicates that Pr3+ has remained excluded from
      the liposome inner compartment, these experiments also demonstrate that the
      vesicles have not been disrupted by exposure to such an extreme acidic condition
      as p2H 1.

PMID- 3382657
TI  - Lanthanide-stimulated glucose and proline transport across rabbit intestinal
      brush-border membranes.
AB  - Trivalent cations of the lanthanide series (La3+----Yb3+) stimulated uptake of
      proline or glucose in rabbit small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. The
      lanthanides stimulated uptake to an extent greater than Al3+, choline, and in
      many cases, Na+. A time-course of Er3+-stimulated glucose uptake gave initial
      rates and overshoots greater than Na+ stimulation. The best activators were Sm3+,
      Eu3+ and Tm3+, which stimulated proline initial uptakes by 400-600%, and
      stimulated glucose uptake by 120-150%, compared to Na+. The best lanthanide
      cotransport activators possessed high third ionization potentials.

PMID- 3382658
TI  - Hepatic uptake of asialoglycoprotein is different among mammalian species due to
      different receptor distribution.
AB  - Isolated hepatocytes of rat, rabbit and guinea pig were found to take up and
      degrade 125I-labelled asialoorosomucoid at different rates with the rank order:
      rabbit greater than rat greater than guinea pig. Measurement of 125I
      asialoorosomucoid binding at 4 degrees C to these hepatocytes revealed that all
      these cells had two classes of receptors with a major difference occurring in the
      number of high-affinity binding sites. The average binding affinity constants (K)
      and receptor concentration (N) calculated from a least-square analysis of the
      Scatchard plots were K1 = 1.15.10(9) M-1, K2 = 0.93.10(7) M-1, N1 = 0.049 pmol/mg
      cell protein and N2 = 0.27 pmol/mg cell protein for the rat; K2 = 3.16.10(7) M-1,
      N1 = 0.027 pmol/mg cell protein and N2 = 0.13 pmol/mg cell protein for the guinea
      pig and K1 = 0.74.10(9) M-1, K2 = 3.85.10(7) M-1, N1 = 0.205 pmol/mg cell protein
      and N2 = 0.37 pmol/mg cell protein for the rabbit hepatocytes, respectively.
      Measurement of the total number of cellular receptors after solubilization with
      Triton X-100 also revealed the same receptor concentration rank order of rabbit
      (5.8 pmol/mg cell protein) greater than rat (0.55 pmol/mg cell protein) greater
      than guinea pig (0.18 pmol/mg cell protein). Intravenous injection of 125I
      asialoorosomucoid into anesthetized animals of matched body weight also indicated
      that the rate of plasma clearance and the rate of appearance of the degraded
      product of the tracer were different among these species with the same rank order
      as that observed with isolated hepatocytes. Thus there is a fundamental
      difference in the number of asialoglycoprotein receptors both on the cell surface
      and inside hepatocytes of these mammalian species.

PMID- 3382659
TI  - Sites of p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate inhibition of red cell urea and water
      transport.
AB  - The mercurial sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (pCMBS),
      inhibits water and urea fluxes across the human red blood cell membrane. The
      kinetics and affinities for pCMBS binding to separate water transport and urea
      transport inhibition sites were previously determined by Toon and Solomon ((1986)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 860, 361-375) in red cells that had been treated with N
      ethyl-maleimide (NEM) to block five of the six sulfhydryls on the red cell anion
      exchange protein, band 3. We have used autoradiographs of gels from NEM-treated
      cells, labeled with 203Hg-pCMBS, to localize these water and urea transport
      inhibition binding sites separately and find that both are on band 3. Each site
      is saturable and the time course of each uptake can be fitted to the equation for
      a bimolecular association (with negligible dissociation) with time constants in
      agreement with those of Toon and Solomon. Determination of the binding
      stoichiometry shows one urea inhibition site and three water inhibition sites for
      every four band 3 molecules. These results indicate that band 3 plays a role in
      both urea and water transport and suggest that the functional unit may be a
      tetramer.

PMID- 3382660
TI  - Interactions of porphyrins and transfer RNA.
AB  - The interactions of the free base porphyrin, tetra-(4N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin
      and its copper(II), manganese(III) and zinc(II) complexes with brewer's yeast
      type V phenylalaninyl tRNA were evaluated by UV-visible spectroscopy, circular
      dichroism and melting temperature studies over a range of magnesium ion
      concentrations and ionic strengths. Scatchard analysis of absorption spectra of
      the porphyrins in the presence of tRNA showed the free base, copper and zinc
      porphyrins to have binding constants of 7.3 X 10(7), 1.7 X 10(6) and 2.3 X 10(8),
      respectively; the manganese(III) complex did not demonstrate changes in its
      electronic spectra that enable the calculation of a binding constant. The results
      of the spectroscopic studies indicate a mode of binding for the free base,
      copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes that is neither intercalative nor simply
      outside electrostatic. The magnitude of the binding constants and the UV-visible
      results support intercalation, but the analyses of the thermal denaturation
      studies and the circular dichroism evaluations suggest that the porphyrins are
      associating at a single site in a fold of the tertiary structure of the tRNA
      close to several crucial hydrogen bonds, perhaps in the vicinity of the P10 loop.
      That the manganese(III) complex does not bind in this site points to constraints
      on the axial thickness of a molecule that may be accommodated in this locus.

PMID- 3382661
TI  - Binding of recA protein to single- and double-stranded polynucleotides occurs
      without involvement of its aromatic residues in stacking interactions with
      nucleotide bases.
AB  - Phosphorescence and optically detected triplet state magnetic resonance (ODMR)
      spectroscopy studies of recA protein and its complexes with poly(5-HgU) and
      poly(dA-5BrdU) show that the two tryptophan residues are not involved in stacking
      interactions with the nucleotide bases of either single- or double-stranded
      polynucleotides. Solvent conditions which induce preferential binding to single
      stranded ligands result in a shortening of the tyrosine phosphorescence lifetime,
      which is further reduced upon binding to poly(5-HgU). This suggests a change in
      the global conformation or self-aggregation state of the protein. Binding to
      poly(dA-5BrdU) induces small changes in the tryptophan zero field splittings of
      recA, but significant changes on those of 5BrdU, which are consistent with recA
      binding to the minor groove of the polynucleotide.

PMID- 3382662
TI  - Expression of heat-shock and glucose-regulated genes: differential effects of
      glucose starvation and hypertonicity.
AB  - The hsp and grp gene families encode structurally-related proteins which are
      overexpressed upon physiological stress and which presumably play critical roles
      in protecting cells against different environmental insults. While the heat-shock
      proteins induced by hyperthermia have been localized to the nucleus, the glucose
      regulated proteins activated by glucose deprivation have been identified in the
      endoplasmic reticulum. To further our understanding of the regulation of these
      genes, we have analyzed the expression of individual members of the two gene
      families under different environmental states. We have observed that, while
      related members of the same gene family may be coordinately induced under one
      physiologic state, they may also be differentially activated under a different
      environmental condition. Furthermore, the induction may be gradual but persistent
      or abrupt but transient. We have also found that related members of the two gene
      families may similarly be coordinately or differentially induced in response to
      different environmental abuses. Our observations are consistent with the belief
      that the regulation of the expression of stress proteins is complex.

PMID- 3382663
TI  - Identification of cDNAs corresponding to mosquito ribosomal protein genes.
AB  - Sequences encoding mosquito (Aedes albopictus) ribosomal proteins L8, L14 and L31
      were identified from a cDNA library made from size-selected polyadenylated mRNA.
      Candidate cDNAs corresponding to moderately abundant mRNAs were screened by
      translation of hybrid-selected transcripts in wheat-germ lysates. Translation
      products were extracted with acetic acid and analyzed by electrophoresis in two
      dimensions in the presence of unlabeled ribosomal proteins. The identity of
      translation products that coelectrophoresed with purified ribosomal protein
      standards was supported by peptide mapping. The cDNAs corresponding to L8 (pL8)
      and L31 (pL31) hybridized to cytoplasmic mRNAs of 1.4 and 0.9 kb, respectively.
      In Southern blots of genomic DNA digested with BamHI, HindIII or EcoRI, the cDNA
      inserts from both pL8 and pL31 gave simple hybridization patterns suggestive of a
      low copy number for mosquito ribosomal protein genes.

PMID- 3382664
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding mouse transition protein 1.
AB  - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding mouse
      transition protein 1 (TP1), a basic nuclear protein involved in nuclear
      condensation during spermiogenesis. The nucleotide sequence predicts that
      transition protein 1 in rats and mice differs by only one amino acid. The rate of
      substitution of nucleotides in the coding region of mouse and rat transition
      protein 1 mRNA is close to the average of many proteins in rats and mice, and the
      usage of degenerate codons is typical of the mouse. The identification of this
      cDNA clone, in conjunction with previous work (Kleene et al. (1983) Dev. Biol.
      98, 455-464; Hecht et al. (1986) Exp. Cell Res. 164, 183-190), demonstrates that
      the mRNA for mouse transition protein 1 accumulates during the haploid phase of
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3382665
TI  - Condensation of vector DNA by the chromosomal protein HMG1 results in efficient
      transfection.
AB  - The aim of this study was the search for a method of vector packaging using
      natural chromatin constituents. The interaction of the chromosomal non-histone
      protein HMG1 with a vector plasmid (pLTEneo) was studied by sedimentation
      analysis and electron microscopy at physiological salt concentration. At high
      protein input the complexes exist in a condensed, monodisperse form sedimenting
      with 80 S irrespective of the supercoiled or relaxed conformation of DNA.
      Saturation binding is already observed at much lower input ratios. Dilution of 80
      S complexes results in decondensation of the complexes. In the decondensed
      complex form, HMG1 binds in a bead-like manner to specific DNA regions.
      Condensation by HMG1 is sufficient to introduce the vector into mammalian cells
      without the need for unphysiological additives. The transfection rates were
      similar to or even higher than those obtained by the calcium phosphate
      coprecipitation technique.

PMID- 3382666
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone on the activity and expression of ornithine decarboxylase
      in rat liver and thymus.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone
      into rats resulted in a marked stimulation (more than 60-fold) of hepatic
      ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) at 4 h after the injection, whereas the enzyme
      activity in thymus was almost totally (about 95%) depressed at the same time. The
      stimulation of ODC activity in liver was in all likelihood attributable to a
      greatly enhanced accumulation of mRNA species for the enzyme as revealed by
      Northern blot and dot-blot hybridization analyses. ODC activity in thymus, in
      response to dexamethasone, was only 5% of that found in control animals, but this
      decrease was apparently not accompanied by similar reductions of the levels of
      ODC message, which was in fact decreased only by 50% at the maximum. In addition
      to two mRNA species (2.1 and 2.6 kilobases; kb), typical to mouse cells, rat
      tissues seemed to contain a third hybridizable message for ODC, smaller (1.6 kb)
      than the above-mentioned species and not seen in samples obtained from mouse or
      human cells. Interestingly, these smaller poly(A)+ RNA sequences, hybridizable
      with cDNA complementary to mouse ODC mRNA, were apparently constitutively
      expressed, as the treatment with glucocorticoid altered the amount of these
      sequences only slightly.

PMID- 3382667
TI  - Induction of a light-inducible gene in Arthrobacter sp. by exposure of cells to
      chelating agents and pH 5.
AB  - Transcription of a light-inducible gene in the prokaryote Arthrobacter sp. is
      induced in the dark when cells are incubated with chelating agents or in medium
      at pH 5. However, repletion of metal ions such as Ca2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+ or an
      increase in pH is required for accumulation of the gene product, an Mr 21,000
      polypeptide. But such changes in condition restore repression of the gene, and
      the decay in the rate of synthesis of the polypeptide follows the same time
      course as when photodynamically induced cells are transferred to the dark. These
      results are consistent with regulation of expression of this gene at
      transcriptional and posttranscriptional steps by mechanisms that involve metal
      protein complexes.

PMID- 3382668
TI  - Biochemical comparison of lens crystallins from three reptilian species.
AB  - Lens crystallins were isolated from the homogenates of reptilian eye lenses
      derived from three different species by gel-permeation chromatography and
      characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino-acid analysis, N-terminal sequence
      analysis and circular dichroism. Four fractions corresponding to alpha-,
      delta/epsilon/beta-, beta- and gamma-crystallins were obtained for the
      crystallins from caiman lenses, whereas delta- and gamma-crystallin fraction were
      present in lesser amounts or missing in the turtle and snake lenses,
      respectively. The native molecular masses for these purified fractions and their
      polypeptide compositions were determined by gel filtration and SDS-gel
      electrophoresis, respectively, revealing the typical subunit compositions for
      each classified crystallin. The spectra of circular dichroism indicate a
      predominant beta-sheet structure in alpha-, beta- and gamma-crystallins, and a
      major contribution of alpha-helical structure in delta/epsilon-crystallin
      fraction, which bears a resemblance to the secondary structure of delta
      crystallin from the chicken lenses. Comparison of the amino-acid contents of each
      orthologous class of reptilian crystallins with those of evolutionary distant
      species still exhibited similarity in their amino-acid compositions. N-terminal
      sequence analysis of the crystallin fractions revealed that all fractions except
      that of gamma-crystallin are N-terminally blocked. Extensive sequence similarity
      between the reptilian gamma-crystallin polypeptides and those from other
      vertebrate species were found, which establish the close relatedness of gamma
      crystallins amongst the major classes of vertebrates.

PMID- 3382669
TI  - Demonstration of glyoxalase II in rat liver mitochondria. Partial purification
      and occurrence in multiple forms.
AB  - Glyoxalase II (S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.6), which has
      been regarded as a cytosolic enzyme, was also found in rat liver mitochondria.
      The mitochondrial fraction contained about 10-15% of the total glyoxalase II
      activity in liver. The actual existence of the specific mitochondrial glyoxalase
      II was verified by showing that all of the activity of the crude mitochondrial
      pellet was still present in purified mitochondria prepared in a Ficoll gradient.
      Subfractionation of the mitochondria by digitonin treatment showed that 56% of
      the activity resided in the mitochondrial matrix and 19% in the intermembrane
      space. Partial purification of the enzyme (420-fold) was also achieved.
      Statistically significant differences were found in the substrate specificities
      of the mitochondrial and the cytosolic glyoxalase II. Electrophoresis and
      isoelectric focusing of either the crude mitochondrial extract or of the purified
      mitochondrial glyoxalase II resolved the enzyme activity into five forms with the
      respective pI values of 8.1, 7.5, 7.0, 6.85 and 6.6. Three of these forms (pI
      values 7.0-6.6) were exclusively mitochondrial, with no counterpart in the
      cytosol. The relative molecular mass of the partially purified enzyme, as
      estimated by Superose 12 gel chromatography, was 21,000. These results give
      evidence for the presence of mitochondrial glyoxalase II which is different from
      the cytosolic enzymes in several characteristics.

PMID- 3382670
TI  - The effects of lauryl maltoside on the reactivation of several enzymes after
      treatment with guanidinium chloride.
AB  - The present study confirms the previous reports that detergents can facilitate
      the reactivation of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) denatured rhodanese (Tandon, S.
      and Horowitz, P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15615-15618; Tandon, S. and Horowitz,
      P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 4486-4491). Here, we report the effect of the
      detergent, lauryl maltoside, on the reactivation of several enzymes other than
      rhodanese. For this study we used five different enzymes each having a single
      polypeptide chain, namely: adenosine deaminase; 3-phosphoglyceric phosphokinase;
      myokinase; 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; and phosphoglucomutase. The
      regain of enzyme activity was used to monitor refolding. Like rhodanese, these
      enzymes were denatured in 6 M GdmCl and diluted into a buffer containing various
      concentrations of lauryl maltoside. The effect of lauryl maltoside on
      reactivating these proteins depended on the specific enzyme used. For example, in
      the presence of lauryl maltoside, reactivation of adenosine deaminase increased
      to 98%, while phosphoglucomutase could not be reactivated significantly. The
      critical micelle concentration (CMC) of lauryl maltoside was measured under the
      present experimental conditions using 2-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene 6-sulfonate
      (TNS) as an apolar fluorescent probe, and gave a value of 0.085 mg.ml-1 in 10 mM
      sodium phosphate (pH 7.4). The reactivating effect of lauryl maltoside was not
      generally related to its CMC. In some cases an induction period was observed
      before the enzyme attained its steady-state velocity. This might suggest the
      presence of intermediate(s) in the refolding pathway that could have been
      stabilized by the detergent. These findings indicate that 'non-denaturing'
      detergents may be useful for assisting reactivation of enzymes, although the
      optimum conditions will have to be determined for each individual case.

PMID- 3382671
TI  - Age-related modifications in rat cardiac phosphoglycerate kinase. Rejuvenation of
      the old enzyme by unfolding-refolding.
AB  - The occurrence of age-related modifications in functional and structural
      properties of several enzymes has been documented; however, the molecular basis
      of this phenomenon is still mostly unexplained. In the present work a comparative
      study of phosphoglycerate kinase preparations isolated from hearts of young and
      old rats was undertaken. Marked age-related effects were revealed in the heat
      inactivation kinetics of the enzyme, similar to the ones previously found in
      purified muscle phosphoglycerate kinase. In view of the previously reported
      failure of immunotitration to distinguish between phosphoglycerate kinase forms
      in crude heart extracts from young and old rats, it appears likely that the
      modifications in old rat heart phosphoglycerate kinase are in a domain which is
      not involved in antibody binding, and may be localized in the interior of the
      enzyme. These age-related modifications were completely relieved by extensive
      unfolding of the enzyme in 2 M guanidine hydrochloride, followed by enzyme
      reactivation upon dilution of the denaturant. The refolding products of young and
      old enzymes displayed identical heat-inactivation kinetics as native young
      phosphoglycerate kinase. It is concluded that the age-related alterations in rat
      cardiac phosphoglycerate kinase, like those found in the muscle enzyme, are
      purely conformational and hence develop postsynthetically.

PMID- 3382672
TI  - Delineation of chicken cathepsin L secondary structure; relationship between pH
      dependence activity and helix content.
AB  - The secondary structure of the recently sequenced chicken liver cathepsin L (EC
      3.4.22.15) has been studied both by circular dichroism and a predictive method.
      The structural data provided by these approaches allow us to underline the extent
      of the structural similarities between cathepsin L and papain, one of the best
      known proteins in the cysteine proteinase family. The predictive method of
      Garnier et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 120 (1978) 97-120) is used to locate alpha-helix
      and beta-sheet segments in the cathepsin L sequence. An optimization of decision
      constants has been performed, using circular dichroism data, to improve good
      predictions. The combination of these approaches lead us to suggest that the
      location of ordered structures observed in papain is maintained in cathepsin L,
      but with an additional alpha-helix in the middle region (residues 85-108) of
      cathepsin L. Furthermore, we show that cathepsin L inactivation at neutral pH is
      correlated to the lost of alpha-helix content (40% at pH 5.8 and 17% at pH 7.0)
      in this protein. It appears that such an effect can be related to the change in
      the ionization state of histidine side-chains which are shown to be mainly
      located in the predicted alpha-helix regions.

PMID- 3382673
TI  - Half-time analysis of the kinetics of irreversible enzyme inhibition by an
      unstable site-specific reagent.
AB  - The half-time method for the determination of Michaelis parameters from enzyme
      progress-curve data (Wharton, C.W. and Szawelski, R.J. (1982) Biochem. J. 203,
      351-360) has been adapted for analysis of the kinetics of irreversible enzyme
      inhibition by an unstable site-specific inhibitor. The method is applicable to a
      model in which a product (R) of the decomposition of the site-specific reagent,
      retaining the chemical moiety responsible for inhibitor specificity, binds
      reversibly to the enzyme with dissociation constant Kr: (formula; see text). Half
      time plots of simulated enzyme inactivation time-course data are shown to be
      unbiased, and excellent estimates of the apparent second-order rate constant for
      inactivation (k +2/Ki) and Kr can be obtained from a series of experiments with
      varying initial concentrations of inhibitor. Reliable estimates of k +2 and Ki
      individually are dependent upon the relative magnitudes of the kinetic parameters
      describing inactivation. The special case, Kr = Ki, is considered in some detail,
      and the integrated rate equation describing enzyme inactivation shown to be
      analogous to that for a simple bimolecular reaction between enzyme and an
      unstable irreversible inhibitor without the formation of a reversible enzyme
      inhibitor complex. The half-time method can be directly extended to the kinetics
      of enzyme inactivation by an unstable mechanism-based (suicide) inhibitor,
      provided that the inhibitor is not also a substrate for the enzyme.

PMID- 3382674
TI  - Regulation of the human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase: stimulation by micromolar Ca2+
      levels and phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
AB  - Human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) is unique among the human
      lipoxygenase not only in its requirement for free ionized calcium, but also in
      its regulation by a membrane-associated stimulatory factor, the 100,000 x g
      pellet. In the present study, phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, in the absence
      of 100,000 x g pellet, exhibited a dose-dependent stimulatory activity on the 5
      lipoxygenase, which was at least as effective as the 100,000 x g pellet.
      Furthermore, the enzyme was activated by isolated human neutrophil plasma
      membranes and to a lesser degree by endoplasmic reticulum. The chemoattractant
      peptide fMet-Leu-Phe (0.1 microM), GTP (10 microM), toxin from bacterium
      Bordetella pertussis (islet activating protein, 5 micrograms/ml) and their
      various combinations were unable to modulate the enzymatic activity of the 5
      lipoxygenase. Stimulation of the 5-lipoxygenase by relatively low levels of free
      ionized calcium was observed both in the presence of the pellet and PC vesicles:
      maximal stimulation was seen at about 10 microM Ca2+. The human leukocyte
      leukotriene A4 synthase activity also exhibited a similar requirement for free
      calcium ions. The present study indicates that the membrane-associated
      stimulatory factor of the human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase may be replaced by PC
      vesicles. Moreover, the 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A4 synthase activities
      require significantly lower Ca2+ levels for maximal activation than has been
      reported previously.

PMID- 3382675
TI  - The effects of 6-azacholest-4-en-3 beta-ol-7-one, an inhibitor of cholesterol 7
      alpha-hydroxylase, on cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis in primary
      cultures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - 6-Azacholest-4-en-3 beta-ol-7-one (azacholesterol) was shown to be a specific
      inhibitor of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. It inhibited cholesterol
      hydroxylation by a rat liver microsomal preparation with non-competitive kinetics
      and a Ki of 4 microM. No evidence was found for a time-dependent inhibition of
      activity. Azacholesterol did not inhibit acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase or
      3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in rat liver microsomal
      preparations, or cholesterol esterification and synthesis in primary cultures of
      rat hepatocytes. The synthesis of bile acids was inhibited by azacholesterol in
      these cells in a dose-dependent way. When bile acid synthesis was inhibited by
      azacholesterol, newly-synthesized cholesterol from exogenous mevalonate was
      secreted by the hepatocyte cultures into the cell culture medium in several-fold
      excess over control incubations. No changes in the secretion of cholesteryl ester
      occurred in the presence of azacholesterol. This observation suggests that newly
      synthesised cholesterol that has entered the substrate pool for hydroxylation is
      no longer accessible to the substrate pool for esterification. This is further
      evidence for the compartmentation of cholesterol metabolism in the hepatocyte.

PMID- 3382676
TI  - Composition, morphology and distribution of high-density lipoproteins in plasma
      and peripheral lymph: effect of feeding cholesterol and saturated fat.
AB  - In euthyroid dogs fed a diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fat, the
      cholesterol concentration in both plasma and peripheral lymph increased
      progressively with the appearance of HDLc (d 1.006-1.063). This HDLc fraction was
      heterogeneous and could be separated into 'slow' and 'fast' migrating fractions
      by Pevikon block electrophoresis. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
      plasma 'slow' HDLc was appreciably enriched in apolipoprotein (apo) E, while
      plasma and lymph 'fast' HDLc were apo E-poor. In contrast, no apo E was visible
      in lymph 'slow' HDLc in either plasma or lymph HDL2 fractions (d 1.087-1.21). The
      interstitial HDL fractions containing apo A-IV ('fast' HDLc and HDL2) were also
      rich in free cholesterol, implying that apo A-IV-containing particles are
      involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Plasma and peripheral lymph HDL2 and
      'fast' HDLc cholesterol/protein ratios were not different, whereas lymph 'slow'
      HDLc was 24% that of plasma, indicating that interstitial 'slow' HDLc was poor in
      cholesterol compared to plasma. This marked reduction in lymph 'slow' HDLc
      cholesterol suggests that this particle was either selectively retarded from
      egress by the endothelial barrier, or that interstitial 'slow' HDLc represents a
      depleted particle involved in the delivery of cholesterol to peripheral tissues.
      These findings taken together support the hypothesis that interstitial 'slow'
      HDLc may represent a particle involved in cholesterol ester delivery, in contrast
      with HDL2 and 'fast' HDLc, which could serve as an efflux acceptor of tissue free
      cholesterol. This study demonstrates significant heterogeneity of interstitial
      peripheral lymph lipoproteins compared to plasma lipoproteins, and indicates
      selective distribution of these particles in the extravascular space.

PMID- 3382677
TI  - Purification, characterization and kinetic properties of the rabbit gastric
      lipase.
AB  - Rabbit gastric lipase was purified from an acetonic powder of rabbit stomach
      fundus. 25 mg of pure rabbit gastric lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase, EC
      3.1.1.3) was obtained from 30 rabbit stomachs after ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and cation exchange (mono S column)
      using a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) system. The pure enzyme
      obtained was resistant to acidic pH conditions, and had specific activities of
      1200, 850 and 280 U/mg, using, respectively, short- (tributyroylglycerol (TC4)),
      medium- (trioctanoyl- to tridecanoylglycerol (TC8-TC10)) and long-chain (soybean
      oil) triacylglycerols. The amino-acid composition was determined, and the first
      30 N-terminal amino-acid residues were sequenced. Interfacial denaturation and
      catalytic properties on triacylglycerol emulsions were studied. Rabbit gastric
      lipase turned out to be structurally and kinetically very similar to human
      gastric lipase.

PMID- 3382678
TI  - Sphingomyelin liposomes with defined fatty acids: metabolism and effects on
      reverse cholesterol transport.
AB  - Small unilamellar liposomes prepared from sphingomyelins with defined 14C-labeled
      fatty acids were studied after injection into rats. The liposomes contained trace
      amounts of [3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether (CLE), which served as a
      nonexchangeable and nonhydrolyzable marker. The liposomes were cleared from the
      circulation with an initial t1/2 of about 90 min. [14C]18:0- and [14C]18:1
      containing sphingomyelins were cleared at a similar rate, but [14C]18:2
      sphingomyelin disappeared much faster. The liver accounted for up to 70% of
      [3H]cholesteryl ether injected with 18:0-sphingomyelin liposomes, and for up to
      50% with liposomes prepared from 18:1 or 18:2-sphingomyelin. The initial uptake
      of the liver appeared to be of the entire particle, and the loss of 14C label
      with time indicated metabolism of the sphingomyelins. With [14C]18:0
      sphingomyelin liposomes, up to 8% of liver radioactivity was recovered in neutral
      lipids 6 h after injection, and this value was 17 and 22% with [14C]18:2- and
      [14C]18:1-sphingomyelins, respectively. The recovery in 'carcass' of
      [3H]cholesteryl ether 3 h after injection of [14C]18:2-sphingomyelin liposomes
      was 33% and of 14C label, 21%. Injection of 18:1- or 18:2-sphingomyelin liposomes
      (5.4 mumol/100 g body weight) resulted in a 2-fold increase of plasma
      unesterified cholesterol; a 30% increase was seen with 18:0 liposomes (2.63
      mumol/100 g body weight). In experiments with cultured cells, the unsaturated
      sphingomyelin liposomes alone enhanced cholesterol efflux more extensively than
      the saturated ones, but their efficacies became similar when mixed with
      apoprotein (apo) A-I. At equimolar concentration, apo C-III1 or C-III2 had a
      smaller effect than apo A-I. It is concluded that 18:1- or 18:2-sphingomyelin
      tends to form small unilamellar liposomes which may reach also extrahepatic
      tissues. The liposomes able to enhance cholesterol release in vitro and in vivo.
      Since they are not a substrate for lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, they
      should be able to deliver the free cholesterol to the liver, where they are also
      rapidly metabolized.

PMID- 3382679
TI  - Kinetic evaluation of conversion of phosphatidylcholine to
      phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase D from different sources.
AB  - Transphosphatidylation from phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine
      (PE) was conducted by seven phospholipase D preparations from different sources,
      one of which was of cabbage origin and other six of Streptomyces origin. The
      reactions were carried out at 30 degrees C using mixture of ethyl acetate
      containing PC and buffer containing ethanolamine and phospholipase D. To obtain
      the activity ratio of transphosphatidylation and hydrolysis at various ratios of
      ethanolamine and water concentrations, the apparent rate constant ratios of
      transphosphatidylation and hydrolysis, (k'3/k3)app, were calculated, keeping the
      concentration of PC constant (17.8 mM). Among the seven enzymes examined, five
      showed good transphosphatidylation, in which 100% of PC could be converted to PE
      at ethanolamine concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 M, while two showed poor
      transphosphatidylation activity. At higher ethanolamine concentrations, the
      reaction rate was decreased due to substrate inhibition. Hydrolytic reactions
      were conducted at 30 degrees C with respective enzymes by using mixture of ethyl
      acetate containing PC or PE and buffer containing phospholipase D. The ratio of
      (kcat/Km)PE/(kcat/Km)PC was calculated to determine the substrate specificity of
      various phospholipase D enzymes. The values of (k'3/k3)app varied with the origin
      of the enzymes, whereas the values of (kcat/Km)PE/(kcat/Km)PC were not so
      different. The results obtained show that (k'3/k3)app is a good parameter to
      select an enzyme and that the timing of stopping the reaction is also important
      to avoid the hydrolysis of the product.

PMID- 3382680
TI  - Binding of low-density lipoprotein to heparin-Sepharose: characterization and
      inhibition by serum high-molecular-weight components.
AB  - In this study, the interaction of human serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with
      heparin immobilized on Sepharose was reinvestigated. Binding of isolated LDL
      (stabilized with human serum albumin (HSA] was compared with that of LDL in full
      serum. (1) Binding of isolated LDL was slightly decreased by CaCl2 and was not
      affected by MgCl2. In contrast, with full serum LDL binding was increased by
      these divalent cations. (2) In both situations, binding of LDL was saturable, but
      the maximum degree of binding that could be reached was much higher with isolated
      LDL than with LDL in full serum. This could be ascribed to an inhibitory action
      of a factor found in the d greater than 1.24 fraction of serum. (3) The effect of
      this factor was diminished in the presence of CaCl2 or MgCl2, which suggests that
      the stimulation of LDL binding by these cations in full serum is due to
      suppression of the inhibitory activity of this factor. (4) The inhibitory factor
      in the d greater than 1.24 fraction can be partially purified by absorption to
      heparin-Sepharose, followed by elution with 6 M guanidine chloride. The resulting
      preparation had a 30- to 50-fold higher specific activity. Attempts to purify the
      factor further resulted in loss of activity. (5) The activity is decreased upon
      treatment with trypsin and also upon acetylation or reduction with
      dithiothreitol, indicating that free amino groups and S-S bridges are essential.

PMID- 3382681
TI  - Relative fluorescence of normal and acid lipase-deficient cultured fibroblasts
      following administration of pyrene decanoic acid.
AB  - Skin fibroblasts, derived from normal individuals or patients with Wolman's
      disease (an autosomal recessive disorder due to acid lysosomal lipase deficiency)
      were incubated with the fluorescent fatty acid, pyrene-decanoic acid (P10).
      Measurements of the fluorescence intensities of the total lipid extracts
      indicated that equal quantities of P10 were incorporated into both cell types.
      The fluorescence emitted by the intact cells was subsequently recorded in a
      fluorescence microscope equipped with a microdetector unit, which permitted
      determination of the fluorescence emitted by the intact cell or by specific
      regions thereof. The fluorescence intensities emitted by the lipidotic cells
      exceeded those of their normal counterparts 2- and 5-fold when comparing the
      entire cells or the perinuclear region, respectively. The cells were then
      subjected to subcellular fractionation and an analysis of the fractions revealed
      that up to 85-90% of the fluorescence of the lysosome-mitochondrial pellet was
      derived from free pyrenedecanoic acid; the latter contributed only 15-18% to the
      fluorescence of the homogenate or the cytosol. There was no difference in the
      fluorescence of the lipid extracts from the respective fractions of the lipidotic
      or normal cells. However, the fluorescence emitted by the intact lysosome
      mitochondrial fraction of the lipidotic cells exceeded that of its normal
      counterpart 2.5-fold. These data suggest that the increased fluorescence
      intensity of the intact lipidotic cells resulted from a higher quantum yield of
      free P10 molecules solubilized in the hydrophobic environment of their neutral
      lipid-containing storage granules.

PMID- 3382682
TI  - Inhibitory effect of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty-acyl-CoAs on the
      elongation of long-chain fatty acid in swine cerebral microsomes.
AB  - Characteristics of condensation and overall elongation of very-long-chain fatty
      acyl-CoAs in swine cerebral microsomes were studied using radio high-performance
      liquid chromatography (RHPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
      The monounsaturated fatty-acyl-CoA depressed both the condensation and overall
      elongation activities of endogenous substrates and also of exogenous saturated
      fatty-acyl-CoA. The extent of the decrease of the elongation activity was
      dependent on the concentration and the chain length of the exogenous fatty-acyl
      CoAs. The dependence of the condensation activity of monounsaturated fatty-acyl
      CoA on the concentration of malonyl-CoA suggested that the non-Michaelis-Menten
      type kinetics was dominant for oleoyl-CoA, however, a normal kinetic pattern was
      obtained for endogenous palmitoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA with Km = 37 microM to
      malonyl-CoA. The condensation activity for icosanoyl-CoA (20:0-CoA) was inhibited
      by icosenoyl-CoA (20:1-CoA) in a non-competitive manner, which suggested that the
      condensation enzyme, or at least the active center of the enzyme for icosenoyl
      CoA, was different from that for icosanoyl-CoA.

PMID- 3382683
TI  - Differences in neuronal lipid composition between superior cervical ganglia and
      nodose ganglia of the rat.
AB  - The lipid content and composition of rat superior cervical ganglia containing
      sympathetic motor neurons and nodose ganglia containing parasympathetic sensory
      neurons were studied for the first time to elucidate the mechanism of the
      different effects of exogenous gangliosides on these neurons in the culture
      medium. The ganglioside content of the superior cervical ganglia was almost 3
      times that of the nodose ganglia. Although both ganglia contained GM3, GD3, GD1b
      and GT1b as major gangliosides, the nodose ganglia additionally contained a
      significant amount of sialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide LM1 (10% of total sialic
      acids). Contrasting with nodose ganglia, vagus fiber and dorsal root ganglia of
      rats, superior cervical ganglia had a higher content of sulfatide than
      galactosylceramide. The phospholipid content was lower in superior cervical
      ganglia than in nodose ganglia. Superior cervical ganglia contained less
      ethanolamine plasmalogen and more phosphatidylcholine than nodose ganglia.
      Sphingomyelin in superior cervical ganglia contained mainly medium-chain fatty
      acids, while that in nodose ganglia contained mainly longer-chain fatty acids.
      Differences in the fatty acid composition of glycerophospholipids were also
      observed. The results indicate that the properties of neuronal cell membranes
      from superior cervical ganglia and nodose ganglia are quite different, and that
      the differences may reflect the physiological roles of these ganglia.

PMID- 3382684
TI  - Tunicamycin-treated rat heart cell cultures synthesize an inactive nonreleasable
      lipoprotein lipase.
AB  - Cells isolated from newborn rat hearts were cultured in the presence of 100 mM
      Hepes (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid). Lipoprotein lipase
      activity was present in an intracellular and heparin-releasable pool and was also
      secreted into the culture medium. Treatment of the cultures with 5 micrograms/ml
      tunicamycin caused almost complete loss of lipoprotein lipase activity in all
      three compartments. In control cultures, immunoblotting of lipoprotein lipase
      derived from all three pools revealed a single band of lipoprotein lipase with an
      apparent Mr of 56,000. In the tunicamycin-treated cultures, the enzyme appeared
      only intracellularly and had an apparent Mr of 49,000. No immunoreactive enzyme
      was found in the medium. Thus, glycosylation of lipoprotein lipase in heart cell
      cultures is mandatory for enzyme activity and translocation from an intracellular
      to the heparin-releasable pool and for secretion into the medium.

PMID- 3382685
TI  - High dietary fish oil alters the brain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition.
AB  - Feeding adult rats a 17% corn-oil diet for 8 weeks did not change brain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to rats fed 2.2% corn oil (with 2.2%
      lard added). When the corn-oil diet was supplemented with 14.5% cod liver oil or
      12.5% salmon oil, the fatty acid composition of brain PUFA was significantly
      altered, even if alpha-tocopherol was added to the salmon-oil diet. Comparing
      salmon-oil- and cod-liver-oil-fed animals with corn-oil-fed animals, arachidonic
      acid 22:4(n-6) and 22:5(n-6) were reduced, and 20:5(n-3), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3)
      were increased. Liver fatty acids were also significantly altered. Thus, the
      brain is not protected against a large excess of very-long-chain n-3 PUFA, which
      increase n-3/n-6 ratio and could lead to abnormal function, and which might be
      difficult to reverse.

PMID- 3382686
TI  - An assessment of phospholipid methylation in sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic
      reticulum of the aging myocardium.
AB  - The stepwise N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) (phospholipid methylation) was assessed in cardiac
      sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum of aging rats. This phenomenon was
      depressed in aging hearts relative to young ones. A decrease in activity of
      catalytic sites appears to be involved in the depressed phospholipid methylation
      of aging myocardium.

PMID- 3382687
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether lipid from Clostridium
      butyricum: the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine.
AB  - We describe the isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether
      phospholipid in Clostridium butyricum grown on petroselinic acid in the absence
      of biotin. The results of quantitative analyses of hydrolytic products, selective
      hydrolysis by mild acid or phospholipase C, 1H-, 13C-, and 31P-NMR, and fast atom
      bombardment-mass spectroscopy (FABMS) have resulted in the determination of the
      structure of this lipid as a phosphatidylglycerol acetal of
      plasmenylethanolamine. Smaller amounts of this lipid have been found in cells
      grown under similar conditions in the presence of oleic, cis-vaccenic, elaidic or
      dihydrosterculic acids. It also appears to be present in small amounts in cells
      grown with biotin. This lipid is structurally related to the more plentiful
      glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine found in these cells.

PMID- 3382688
TI  - Glycerol as a substrate for phospholipid biosynthesis in type II pneumocytes
      isolated from streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Glycerol and glucose utilization for phospholipid biosynthesis was examined in
      type II pneumocytes isolated from normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In
      cells from diabetic rats, incorporation of [1,3-14C]glycerol into total
      phosphatidylcholine (PC), disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC),
      phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) occurred to a greater
      degree by the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway as opposed to the dihydroxyacetone
      phosphate pathway. Total incorporation of glycerol into each of the major
      cellular phospholipids was increased up to 6-fold in cells from diabetic rats,
      while the total incorporation of glucose into the same lipids was decreased 2
      fold. While the percentage of both glucose and glycerol carbons incorporated into
      the backbone of DSPC was increased in cells from diabetic rats, the percentage of
      carbons from both substrates incorporated into the fatty acid moieties was
      decreased. As a measure of DSPC synthesis, choline incorporation into DSPC was
      significantly decreased in type II cells from diabetic animals if the cells were
      incubated in the presence of glucose, palmitate and choline but not glycerol.
      Addition of 0.1 or 0.3 mM glycerol to the incubation medium restored choline
      incorporation to the control value in cells from diabetic rats, but did not
      affect the rate of choline incorporation into DSPC in cells from normal rats.
      These results suggest that exogenous glycerol can compensate for reduced glucose
      metabolism in type II cells of diabetic animals to maintain a constant rate of
      DSPC synthesis.

PMID- 3382689
TI  - Generation of toxic phospholipid(s) during oxyhemoglobin-induced peroxidation of
      phosphatidylcholines.
AB  - When egg yolk diacylglycerophosphocholine (PC) liposomes were incubated with
      human oxyhemoglobin, peroxidation of liposomal lipid was induced, as monitored by
      an increase of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substances, an increase of
      lipid hydroperoxides and the generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of
      luminol. During the reaction, cytotoxic substance(s), which induced shedding of
      acetylcholinesterase-enriched vesicles from human erythrocytes, were produced.
      Formation of TBA-reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides preceded generation
      of chemiluminescence, conversion of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin and production
      of the toxic substances. Either superoxide dismutase or catalase could suppress
      generation of chemiluminescence, but not other events. Methemoglobin or ferrous
      ion plus ascorbate could induce peroxidation of the liposomes without production
      of the cytotoxic substance(s). Synthetic PCs containing both saturated and
      polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains caused the production of cytotoxic products
      which induced shedding of vesicles from erythrocytes, whereas those containing
      only polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains did not, suggesting that the molecular
      species which can produce cytotoxic products may be phospholipids containing both
      saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The mechanism of oxyhemoglobin-induced
      peroxidation of lipids will be also discussed.

PMID- 3382691
TI  - Formation and excretion of branched-chain acylcarnitines and branched-chain
      hydroxy acids in the perfused rat kidney.
AB  - alpha-Keto[U-14C]isovalerate, alpha-keto[U-14C]isocaproate and alpha-keto[U
      14C]beta-methylvalerate are metabolized in the perfused kidney. Labelled 3
      hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, branched
      chain amino acids, branched-chain acylcarnitines and lactate are formed. Hydroxy
      acids and acylcarnitines are excreted preferentially in the urine, whereas the
      branched-chain amino acids are preferentially excreted in the perfusate. There is
      no accumulation of (U-14C)-labelled alpha-keto acids or labelled metabolites in
      the kidney during perfusion. (-)-Carnitine accumulates rapidly in the kidney when
      it is added to the perfusate. A high kidney carnitine level enhances the
      excretion of carnitine esters in the urine.

PMID- 3382690
TI  - Lipid-induced aggregation of phospholipase A2: sucrose density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and crosslinking studies.
AB  - The aggregation behavior of cobra venom (Naja naja naja) phospholipase A2 in the
      presence of lipids and Ca2+ was examined using ultracentrifugation and
      crosslinking techniques. Velocity sedimentation experiments were performed in
      sucrose gradients. The sedimentation coefficients of the cobra phospholipase A2
      and various controls, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), malate dehydrogenase,
      carbonic anhydrase and pancreatic phospholipase A2, were calculated both in the
      presence and absence of ligands. The monomeric phospholipid,
      diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine, and the phospholipid analogue,
      dodecylphosphocholine (DPC), increased the sedimentation coefficient of the cobra
      phospholipase A2 from 2.2 S to 2.9 S, a value that is consistent with the
      formation of an enzyme dimer. The control proteins were unaffected by the
      presence of phospholipid, except for BSA, which apparently binds large amounts of
      DPC. Crosslinking experiments with glutaraldehyde showed that in the presence of
      diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine or DPC, the amount of crosslinked enzyme
      increased. Ca2+ had no effect on the aggregation state of the enzyme as measured
      by either technique. Both the ultracentrifugation data and crosslinking data are
      consistent with the hypothesis that the cobra venom phospholipase A2 exists as a
      dimer or higher-order aggregate in the presence of lipid substrate, although it
      is yet to be determined whether the functional subunit is a monomer, dimer or
      higher-order oligomer.

PMID- 3382692
TI  - Evidence for protein-catalyzed transfer of platelet activating factor by
      macrophage cytosol.
AB  - Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent, proinflammatory lipid. PAF is
      synthesized in response to stimuli and is rapidly destroyed by specific
      acetylhydrolases. In order to express its biological activity, PAF and its
      metabolites are transported among subcellular membranes by as yet unexplained
      mechanisms. We report here an assay system using methylcarbamyl-PAF (CPAF, 1-O
      hexadecyl-2-O-(N-methylcarbamyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and a vesicle
      extrusion technique for examining protein-catalyzed intermembrane transfer of
      CPAF, and demonstrate the presence of proteins catalyzing the separate transfer
      of CPAF and diacyl phosphatidylcholine in macrophage cytosol. The CPAF transfer
      activity is heat- and trypsin-sensitive and elutes from gel-filtration columns
      well separated from proteins catalyzing the transfer of phosphatidylcholine.

PMID- 3382693
TI  - Serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles of the genetically obese ob/ob
      mouse.
AB  - The lipid transport system of 3-month-old male C57BL/6J obese (ob/ob) mice was
      investigated. Serum lipoproteins were separated by density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and characterized by their chemical and electrophoretic
      properties as well as their relative apolipoprotein contents, defined according
      to molecular weight and charge. Obese, ob/ob mice exhibited a marked
      hyperlipoproteinemia resulting from large increases in low-density lipoproteins
      (LDL, d 1.021-1.058 g/ml) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL, d 1.058-1.137
      g/ml), particularly, the HDL2 subclass (d 1.058-1.109 g/ml). This increase in
      lipoproteins was entirely responsible for their hypercholesterolemia and
      hyperphospholipidemia. By contrast, these obese mice had a net decrease in very
      low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, d less than 1.016 g/ml) and intermediate-density
      lipoproteins (IDL, d 1.016-1.021 g/ml), which accounted for their moderate
      hypotriglyceridemia. The chemical composition of heterogeneous light LDL (d 1.021
      1.040 g/ml and dense LDL (d 1.040-1.058 g/ml) overlapped by HDL-like particles
      was highly modified. These modifications consisted of increases in the
      percentages of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid and decreases in that of
      triacylglycerol. There were also marked changes in the relative values of the
      apolipoproteins of VLDL, but principally, IDL and LDL. IDL and light LDL were
      poorer in apolipoproteins BH (Mr 340,000-320,000) and eventually in
      apolipoprotein BL (Mr 220,000-200,000) and enriched in apolipoproteins E (Mr
      37,000-35,000) and C-A-II (Mr approximately equal to 12,000). A similar and very
      significant change occurred in VLDL for both the apolipoproteins BL and C-A-II.
      Dense LDL, mainly poorer in apolipoprotein BH and enriched in apolipoprotein A-I
      (Mr 28,000-27,000), closely resembled HDL2 in all the groups, and were enriched
      in apolipoproteins C-A-II in only the obese mice. We suggest that ob/ob mice are
      probably protected against atheromata because of the low VLDL and IDL levels, and
      the increase in HDL2.

PMID- 3382694
TI  - Synthesis of surfactant components by cultured type II cells from human lung.
AB  - We examined the effect of monolayer culture on surfactant phospholipids and
      proteins of type II cells isolated from human adult and fetal lung. Type II cells
      were prepared from cultured explants of fetal lung (16-24 weeks gestation) and
      from adult surgical specimens. Cells were maintained for up to 6 days on plastic
      tissue culture dishes. Although incorporation of [methyl-3H]choline into
      phosphatidylcholine (PC) by fetal cells was similar on day 1 and day 5 of
      culture, saturation of PC fell from 35 to 26%. In addition, there was decreased
      distribution of labeled acetate into PC, whereas distribution into other
      phospholipids increased or did not change. The decrease in saturation of newly
      synthesized PC was not altered by triiodothyronine (T3) and dexamethasone
      treatment or by culture as mixed type II cell/fibroblast monolayers. The content
      of surfactant protein SP-A (28-36 kDa) in fetal cells, as measured by ELISA and
      immunofluorescence microscopy, rose during the first day and then fell to
      undetectable levels by the fifth. Synthesis of SP-A, as measured by
      [35S]methionine labeling and immunoprecipitation, was detectable on day 1 but not
      thereafter. Levels of mRNAs for SP-A and for the two lipophilic surfactant
      proteins SP-B (18 kDa) and SP-C (5 kDa) fell with half-times of maximally 24 h.
      In contrast, total protein synthesis measured by [35S]methionine incorporation
      increased and then plateaued. In adult cells, the content of SP-A and its mRNA
      decreased during culture, with time-courses similar to those for fetal cells. We
      conclude that in monolayer culture on plastic culture dishes, human type II cells
      lose their ability to synthesize both phospholipids and proteins of surfactant.
      The control of type II cell differentiation under these conditions appears to be
      at a pretranslational level.

PMID- 3382695
TI  - Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on antioxidant enzymes and mitochondrial inner
      membrane proteins in perfused rat heart.
AB  - Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of 60 min severe global
      ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion on the antioxidant enzymatic system in
      the isolated perfused rat heart. Ischemia induced a significant increase of
      cytoplasmic and mitochondrial selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (EC
      1.11.1.9) activity. In reperfused hearts, only the mitochondrial form showed a
      further significant increase. Glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) was increased in
      ischemic hearts, whilst the reperfused hearts showed a decrease towards the level
      found in aerobic hearts. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1)
      activity was depressed in ischemic as well as in reperfused hearts, though the
      cytoplasmic form was unmodified. Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activities
      were unchanged throughout the experiment. Ischemia and reperfusion induced a
      significant fall in tissue-reduced glutathione content concomitant with an
      increase of its oxidized form. We have also studied the mitochondrial inner
      membrane proteins for both molecular weight, with Coomassie blue, and thiol
      status, with monobromobimane stain, using a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis technique. Neither ischemia nor reperfusion effected any
      relevant modification of the molecular weight of the mitochondrial inner-membrane
      proteins either in the presence or absence of a reducing agent. However, two of
      these proteins with an apparent molecular weight of 52,0000 and 12,000 showed a
      decrease in the monobromobimane stain, probably due to the oxidation of their
      thiol groups.

PMID- 3382696
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific to apical surfaces of rat alveolar type I cells
      bind to surfaces of cultured, but not freshly isolated, type II cells.
AB  - The alveolar surface of the lung is lined by two classes of epithelial cells,
      type I and type II cells. Type I cells cover more than 97% of the alveolar
      surface. Although this cell type is felt to be essential for normal gas exchange,
      neither unique identifying characteristics nor functions have been described for
      the type I cell. We have produced monoclonal antibodies to (a) component(s) of
      molecular weight 40,000 and 42,000 of the apical surface of rat alveolar type I
      cells. The antibodies are specific to the lung in Western blots of organ
      homogenates. In immunocytochemical studies of frozen lung at the level of both
      light and electron microscopy, the monoclonal antibodies appear to react
      specifically with the apical plasma membrane of type I cells. Airway, vascular,
      interstitial cells, type II cells and macrophages are not immunoreactive. Western
      blots of isolated type I cells (approx. 70% pure) also demonstrate
      immunoreactivity at molecular weights of 40,000 and 42,000. When the lung is
      injured, type I cells may be damaged and sloughed from the alveolar surface.
      Alveolar repair occurs when the second type of alveolar cell, the type II cell,
      divides. Cell progeny may retain type II cell morphology or may differentiate
      into type I cells. Western blots of freshly isolated type II cells (approx. 85%
      pure) do not display immunoreactivity with our monoclonal antibodies. However,
      type II cells maintained in culture acquire immunoreactivity to monoclonal
      antibodies, demonstrating that type II cells in vitro have the capacity to
      develop a characteristic associated with type I cells in situ. The availability
      of markers for a specific membrane component of type I cells should facilitate
      the study of many questions on alveolar functions, development and response to
      injury.

PMID- 3382697
TI  - Estradiol regulation of the synthesis of uterine proteins with clusters of
      proline- and glycine-rich peptide sequences.
AB  - Estradiol (E2) regulates the synthesis of uterine proteins at both the
      transcriptional and translational levels. E2 induces an increase in the specific
      amino acid acceptor activity of uterine tRNA, with the largest increases seen for
      proline, glycine and methionine. The synthesis of three uterine proteins that are
      rich in proline and glycine, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and glucose
      6-phosphate dehydrogenase, is induced by E2. E2-induced increases in these
      proteins were preceded by an correlated with stimulation of tRNA acceptor
      activity for proline and glycine and these responses were specifically and
      simultaneously inhibited by prior azaserine treatment, which inhibits the E2
      induced repair and synthesis of the 3'-CCA acceptor terminus of tRNAs. The high
      frequency and clustering of proline and glycine residues in estrogen receptor,
      progesterone receptor and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase suggests that the
      translating ribosomes may slow down during synthesis of these proteins due to
      limiting levels of these tRNAs in E2-deprived uteri.

PMID- 3382698
TI  - Differential effects of glucocorticoid on expression of surfactant proteins in a
      human lung adenocarcinoma cell line.
AB  - Synthesis of pulmonary surfactant-associated glycoproteins of Mr 28,000-36,000
      (SP-A) and Mr 42,000-46,000 (proSP-B) has been identified in a continuous cell
      line derived from a human lung adenocarcinoma. SP-A was detected by immunoblot
      analysis, ELISA assay and by [35S]methionine labelling of the cells. SP-A was
      secreted into the media as an endoglycosidase F sensitive glycoprotein which co
      migrated with the isoforms of SP-A identified in human lavage fluid by 2D-IEF-SDS
      PAGE. Hybridization of cellular RNA with SP-A-specific cDNA identified an
      abundant 2.2 kb mRNA species, identical to that observed in human lung. SP-A RNA
      and protein content were markedly inhibited by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent
      fashion. Under identical culture conditions, synthesis of a distinct surfactant
      protein, SP-B, was markedly stimulated by the glucocorticoid. The SP-B precursor
      was secreted into the media as heterogeneous Mr 42,000-46,000 protein, pI 4.6
      5.1, and was sensitive to endoglycosidase F. Synthesis of proSP-B was enhanced by
      the glucocorticoid in a dose-dependent fashion and was associated with increased
      SP-B mRNA of 2.0 kb detected by Northern blot analysis. The cell line secreted
      proSP-B as Mr 42,000-46,000 glycosylated protein and did not process the
      precursor to the Mr 7000-8000 surfactant peptide. In summary, a human
      adenocarcinoma cell line has been identified which synthesizes and secretes two
      surfactant-associated proteins, SP-A and proSP-B. Glucocorticoid enhanced SP-B
      but inhibited SP-A expression in this cell line. The identification of a
      continuous cell line secreting surfactant proteins may be useful in the study of
      synthesis and secretion of these important proteins and for production of the
      proteins for clinical uses.

PMID- 3382699
TI  - In vitro activation of rat cardiac glucocorticoid antagonist- versus agonist
      receptor complexes.
AB  - The synthetic antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 interacts with cardiac cytoplasmic
      glucocorticoid receptors and competes for in vitro binding with the potent
      agonist triamcinolone acetonide. In addition to binding to receptors with high
      affinity, RU 38486 also facilitates the in vitro conformational change in the
      receptor which is a consequence of the physiologically relevant activation step
      during which the receptor is converted from a non DNA- to a DNA-binding form.
      This ability of RU 38486 to promote receptor activation is reflected by both the
      appropriate shift in the elution profile of [3H]RU 38486-receptor complexes from
      DEAE-cellulose as well as by an increased binding of these complexes to DNA
      cellulose. Although less effective than triamcinolone acetonide, RU 38486
      promotes in vitro receptor activation under a variety of experimental conditions,
      including incubation of labeled cardiac cytosols at 25 degrees C for 30 min or at
      15 degrees C for 30 min in the presence of 5 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Once
      thermally activated, the cardiac [3H]triamcinolone acetonide and [3H]RU 38486
      receptor complexes bind to nonspecific DNA-cellulose with the same relative
      affinities, as evidenced by the fact that 50% of both activated complexes are
      eluted at approx. 215-250 mM NaCl. Thus, this pure antiglucocorticoid does
      promote, at least to some extent, many of the crucial in vitro events including
      high-affinity binding, activation, and DNA binding which have been shown to be
      required to elicit a physiological response in vivo.

PMID- 3382700
TI  - Biochemical switching device realizing McCulloch-Pitts type equation.
AB  - We analyzed cyclic enzyme systems, one of the best candidates for biochemical
      switching devices, especially focusing on their control mode against external
      perturbations. Since these systems have the reliability of ON-OFF types of
      operation (McCulloch-Pitts' neuronic equation), we shall present here the
      mechanical difference between these systems and electronic switching circuit,
      especially on the mnemonic mechanism of biochemical switching devices.

PMID- 3382701
TI  - A model for intersegmental coordination in the leech nerve cord.
AB  - The neuronal circuits that generate swimming movements in the leech were
      simulated by a chain of coupled harmonic oscillators. Our model incorporates a
      gradient of rostrocaudally decreasing cycle periods along the oscillator chain, a
      finite conduction delay for coupling signals, and multiple coupling channels
      connecting each pair of oscillators. The interactions mediated by these channels
      are characterized by sinusoidal phase response curves. Investigations of this
      model were carried out with the aid of a digital computer and the results of a
      variety of manipulations were compared with data from analogous physiological
      experiments. The simulations reproduced many aspects of intersegmental
      coordination in the leech, including the findings that: 1) phase lags between
      adjacent ganglia are larger near the caudal than the rostral end of the leech
      nerve cord; 2) intersegmental phase lags increase as the number of ganglia in
      nerve cord preparations is reduced; 3) severing one of the paired lateral
      connective nerves can reverse the phase lag across the lesion and 4) blocking
      synaptic transmission in midganglia of the ventral nerve cord reduces phase lags
      across the block.

PMID- 3382702
TI  - White-noise analysis of nonlinear behavior in an insect sensory neuron: kernel
      and cascade approaches.
AB  - A functional expansion was used to model the relationship between a Gaussian
      white noise stimulus current and the resulting action potential output in the
      single sensory neuron of the cockroach femoral tactile spine. A new precise
      procedure was used to measure the kernels of the functional expansion. Very
      similar kernel estimates were obtained from separate sections of the data
      produced by the same neuron with the same input noise power level, although some
      small time-varying effects were detectable in moving through the data. Similar
      kernel estimates were measured using different input noise power levels for a
      given cell, or when comparing different cells under similar stimulus conditions.
      The kernels were used to identify a model for sensory encoding in the neuron,
      comprising a cascade of dynamic linear, static nonlinear, and dynamic linear
      elements. Only a single slice of the estimated experimental second-order kernel
      was used in identifying the cascade model. However, the complete second-order
      kernel of the cascade model closely resembled the estimated experimental kernel.
      Moreover, the model could closely predict the experimental action potential train
      obtained with novel white noise inputs.

PMID- 3382703
TI  - Continuous functions determined by spike trains of a neuron subject to
      stimulation.
AB  - Several ways of estimating a continuous function from the spike train output of a
      neuron subjected to repeated stimuli are compared: (i) the probability of firing
      function estimated by a PST-histogram (ii) the rate of discharge function
      estimated by a "frequencygram" (Bessou et al. 1968) and (iii) the interspike
      interval function which is introduced in this paper. For a special class of
      neuronal responses, called deterministic, these functions may be expressed in
      terms of each other. It is shown that the current clamped Hodgkin-Huxley model of
      an action potential encoding membrane (Hodgkin and Huxley 1952) is able to
      generate such deterministic responses. As an experimental example, a
      deterministic response of a primary muscle spindle afferent is used to
      demonstrate the estimation of the functions. Interpretability and numerical
      estimatability of these spike train describing functions are discussed for
      deterministic neuronal responses.

PMID- 3382704
TI  - A temporal red-green opponent mechanism.
AB  - A mechanistic model is presented that describes the temporal behaviour of a red
      green colour opponent channel such as has been investigated for the macaque
      monkey. The model incorporates luminance- and chromaticity-adaptation mechanisms.
      Receptive field properties such as retardation and attenuation of the surround
      signals with respect to the center signals of the colour opponent channel are
      also included. The model predicts temporal psychophysical chromaticity thresholds
      and temporal electrophysiological red-green colour opponent ganglion cell
      behaviour with a reasonable degree of success.

PMID- 3382705
TI  - Shape from texture.
AB  - A central goal for visual perception is the recovery of the three-dimensional
      structure of the surfaces depicted in an image. Crucial information about three
      dimensional structure is provided by the spatial distribution of surface
      markings, particularly for static monocular views: projection distorts texture
      geometry in a manner tha depends systematically on surface shape and orientation.
      To isolate and measure this projective distortion in an image is to recover the
      three dimensional structure of the textured surface. For natural textures, we
      show that the uniform density assumption (texels are uniformly distributed) is
      enough to recover the orientation of a single textured plane in view, under
      perspective projection. Furthermore, when the texels cannot be found, the edges
      of the image are enough to determine shape, under a more general assumption, that
      the sum of the lengths of the contours on the world plane is about the same
      everywhere. Finally, several experimental results for synthetic and natural
      images are presented.

PMID- 3382706
TI  - [Further comment on the distinction between humans and animals].
AB  - The problem of mind is considered in the aspect of natural scientific and
      philosophical problem of distinction between human and animal. The widespread
      confusion of the terms "rudiments", "elements" of specifically human properties
      in animals and "biological prerequisites" of these properties are critically
      analysed. The idea is formulated according to which only in the process of
      anthropogenesis the rudiments of new social property--mind, conscience--could
      appear in the developing human beings.

PMID- 3382707
TI  - Enhancement and simplification of macromolecular images.
AB  - Computer graphics programs have been devised to display selected atomic features
      and to simplify images of complex macromolecular structures. By using boundary
      outlines, adjustment of size and shape of the molecular components, color coding,
      shading, and selective omission of obscuring detail, attention can be focused on
      specific interactions which determine higher levels of organization. A balanced
      color table has been constructed in which different hues have equal steps in
      brightness; this table has facilitated distinction of atom types and sequence
      coding together with representation of an optimum range of depth cueing and
      surface shading. The graphics system has been used with the atomic coordinates of
      the tobacco mosaic virus structure to simplify images of the protein subunit, to
      illustrate intermolecular interactions, and to relate subunit packing
      arrangements in different assemblies to the underlying atomic structure. The
      system has also been used to construct a schematic representation of the
      polyomavirus capsid, based on low resolution data. Application of artistic
      methods contributes to the effective presentation and interpretation of detailed
      scientific information about complex macromolecular structures.

PMID- 3382708
TI  - Structures and mechanisms of lipid phase transitions in nonaqueous media.
      Dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine in fused salt.
AB  - The phase transitions for dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) dispersed in
      water and in N-ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) were examined using differential
      scanning calorimetry and time-resolved x-ray diffraction. Subgel, pre-, and main
      phase transitions were observed for DPPE in water, whereas only the pre- and main
      transitions were observed for DPPE in EAN. Hysteresis was observed for both
      dispersions upon cooling. In addition, the lamellar (L alpha) to hexagonal (H
      alpha) phase transition was observed for DPPE dispersed in EAN when using time
      resolved x-ray diffraction but not when using calorimetry. This low enthalpy
      process occurred at 73-77 degrees C, which is significantly lower than that
      observed for DPPE in water. The presence of EAN stabilizes the existence of the H
      alpha phase in DPPE by its influence on the bilayer interfacial properties,
      primarily on the area per lipid head group.

PMID- 3382709
TI  - Dynamic light scattering from polydisperse suspensions of thin ellipsoidal shells
      of revolution with submicron diameters.
AB  - Osmotic swelling of membrane vesicles has been studied in combination with
      dynamic light scattering, to obtain information about the elastic properties of
      biomembranes. In such studies, there arise some technical problems specific to
      dynamic light scattering, which include the effects on the light-scattering
      results of the size distribution and nonsphericity of the vesicles with submicron
      sizes. Even for highly monodisperse suspensions of spherical vesicles (sigma/dn =
      [(the mean of d2)/d2n-1]1/2 = 0.1; dn being the number-average diameter of
      vesicles), the average diameter d obtained from dynamic light scattering is shown
      to be strongly dependent on dnK, where K is the length of the scattering vector.
      This is solely due to the shell structure of the vesicles. For ellipsoidal
      vesicles, another complication appears which is due to the rotational motion of
      ellipsoids.

PMID- 3382710
TI  - Change in membrane elastic modulus on activation of glucose transport system of
      brush border membrane vesicles studied by osmotic swelling and dynamic light
      scattering.
AB  - The cell membrane having a transport system is inferred to be flexible when its
      function is being activated. For the brush border membrane vesicles prepared from
      rat small intestine, which have the co-transport system of Na+ and glucose, the
      membrane elasticity was measured as a function of the d-glucose concentration in
      the presence of Na+ ions. The elastic modulus of the vesicle membrane was
      obtained by an osmotic swelling method. Osmolality was changed by diluting the
      extravesicular d-mannitol concentration. The change in the diameter of the
      membrane vesicle in response to an osmolality change was measured by the dynamic
      light-scattering method. The elastic modulus of the vesicle membrane decreased
      from 150 dyn/cm to 80 (45) dyn/cm with the increase of d-glucose, from 0 mM to
      10(30) mM in the presence of 10 mM Na+ ions. On the other hand, in the presence
      of 1 mM phlorizin, a glucose-transport inhibitor, the elastic modulus remained at
      a constant value of 160 dyn/cm in the same range of the d-glucose concentration.
      This indicates that the vesicle membrane becomes flexible when its transport
      function is activated. In a broad osmolality range, the brush border membrane
      vesicle showed cycles of "swell-burst-reseal". The vesicle membrane became
      flexible after every cycle, namely, the modulus was 150, 120, and 55 in units of
      dyn/cm in the presence of 1 mM d-glucose and 50 mM Na+ ions.

PMID- 3382711
TI  - Adsorption of the protein antigen myoglobin affects the binding of conformation
      specific monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Five monoclonal antibodies against sperm whale myoglobin have been used to
      investigate the physical state of the antigen adsorbed onto a
      polydimethylsiloxane surface. The binding of each antibody is sensitive to the
      antigen's conformation in solution while the locations of the antigenic sites on
      the myoglobin molecule for three of the antibodies have been determined
      (Berzofsky, J.A., G.K. Buckenmeyer, G. Hicks, F.R.N. Gurd, R.J. Feldmann, and J.
      Minna. 1982. J. Biol. Chem. 257:3189-3198). The binding of the fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-labeled IgG and Fab antibodies to previously adsorbed myoglobin
      has been observed using total internal reflection fluorescence. Three of the
      antibodies bind specifically to surface-adsorbed myoglobin with affinities at
      least 50% relative to myoglobin in solution whereas two of the antibodies show
      affinities for the surface-adsorbed myoglobin diminished by at least two orders
      of magnitude relative to myoglobin in solution. The specific loss of certain
      antigenic determinants on the adsorbed myoglobin, coupled with the retention of
      others, indicates a nonrandom adsorption of the myoglobin molecules.

PMID- 3382712
TI  - Polarized fluorescence photobleaching recovery for measuring rotational diffusion
      in solutions and membranes.
AB  - A variation of fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) suitable for measuring
      the rate of rotational molecular diffusion in solution and cell membranes is
      presented in theory and experimental practice for epi-illumination microscopy. In
      this technique, a brief flash of polarized laser light creates an anisotropic
      distribution of unbleached fluorophores which relaxes by rotational diffusion,
      leading to a time-dependent postbleach fluorescence. Polarized FPR (PFPR) is
      applicable to any time scales from seconds to microseconds. However, at fast
      (microsecond) time scales, a partial recovery independent of molecular
      orientation tends to obscure rotational effects. The theory here presents a
      method for overcoming this reversible photobleaching, and includes explicit
      results for practical geometries, fast wobble of fluorophores, and arbitrary
      bleaching depth. This variation of a polarized luminescence "pump-and-probe"
      technique is compared with prior ones and with "pump-only" time-resolved
      luminescence anisotropy decay methods. The technique is experimentally verified
      on small latex beads with a variety of diameters, common fluorophore labels, and
      solvent viscosities. Preliminary measurements on a protein (acetylcholine
      receptor) in the membrane of nondeoxygenated cells in live culture (rat myotubes)
      show a difference in rotational diffusion between clustered and nonclustered
      receptors. In most experiments, signal averaging, high laser power, and automated
      sample translation must be employed to achieve adequate statistical accuracy.

PMID- 3382714
TI  - Internal citrate ions reduce the membrane potential for contraction threshold in
      mammalian skeletal muscle fibers.
AB  - An effect of internal citrate ions on excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal
      muscle is described. The threshold for contraction was measured in rat extensor
      digitorum longus, (EDL), and soleus muscle fibers using a two microelectrode
      voltage clamp technique with either KCl-filled or K3 citrate-filled current
      electrodes. Contraction thresholds were stable for many minutes with KCl current
      electrodes. In contrast, thresholds fell progressively towards the resting
      membrane potential, by as much as -15 mV over a period of 10 to 20 min of voltage
      clamp with citrate current electrodes. In addition, prepulse inhibition was
      suppressed, subthreshold activation enhanced and steady-state inactivation
      shifted to more negative potentials. Fibers recovered slowly from these effects
      when the citrate electrode was withdrawn and replaced with a KCl electrode. The
      changes in contraction threshold suggest that citrate ions act on the muscle
      activation system at an intracellular site, since the citrate permeability of the
      surface membrane is probably very low. An internal citrate concentration of 5 mM
      was calculated to result from citrate diffusion out of the microelectrode into
      the recording area for 20 min. 5 mM citrate added to an artificial cell lowered
      the free calcium concentration from 240 to 31 microM. It is suggested that
      citrate modifies excitation-contraction coupling either by acting upon an anion
      dependent step in activation or by reducing the free calcium and/or free
      magnesium concentration in the myoplasm.

PMID- 3382716
TI  - Mechanism of fibrin coagulation based on selective, cation-driven, protofibril
      association.

PMID- 3382713
TI  - La3+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine liposomes. Close approach,
      intermembrane intermediates, and the electrostatic surface potential.
AB  - The fusion of large unilamellar phosphatidylserine liposomes (PS LUV) induced by
      La3+ has been monitored using the 1-aminoapthalene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid/p
      xylenebis(pyridinium bromide) (ANTS/DPX) fluorescence assay for the mixing of
      aqueous contents. The fusion event is extensive and nonleaky, with up to 95%
      mixing of contents in the fused liposomes. However, addition of excess EDTA leads
      to disruption of the fusion products in a way that implies the existence of
      metastable intermembrane contact sites. The maximal fusion activity occurs
      between 10 and 100 microM La3+ and fusion can be terminated rapidly, without loss
      of contents, by the addition of excess La3+, e.g., 1 mM La3+ at pH 7.4. This
      observation is explained by the very large intrinsic binding constant
      (approximately 10(5) M-1) of La3+ to the PS headgroup, as measured by
      microelectrophoresis. Addition of 1 mM La3+ causes charge reversal of the
      membrane and a large positive surface potential. La3+ binding to PS causes the
      release of a proton. These data can be explained if La3+ can chelate to PS at two
      sites, with one of the sites being the primary amino group. This binding model
      successfully predicts that at pH 4.5 fusion occurs up to 2 mM La3+, due to
      reduced La3+ binding at low pH. We conclude that the general mechanism of
      membrane fusion includes three kinetic steps. In addition to (a) aggregation,
      there is (b) the close approach of the surfaces, or thinning of the hydration
      layer, and (c) the formation of intermembrane intermediates which determine the
      extent to which membrane destabilization leads to fusion (mixing of aqueous
      contents), as opposed to lysis. The lifetime of these intermembrane intermediates
      appears to depend upon La3+ binding to both PS sites.

PMID- 3382715
TI  - Ca2+ binding kinetics of fura-2 and azo-1 from temperature-jump relaxation
      measurements.
AB  - The Ca2+-binding kinetics of fura-2 and azo-1 were studied using temperature-jump
      relaxation methods. In 140 mM KCl at 20 degrees C, the association and
      dissociation rate constants for fura-2 were 6.02 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 96.7 s-1,
      respectively. The fura-2 kinetics were insensitive to pH over the range 7.4 to
      8.4. Azo-1 was studied in 140 mM KCl, at pH 7.4, at 10 degrees and 20 degrees C.
      At 10 degrees C, azo-1 exhibited association and dissociation rate constants of
      1.43 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 777.9 s-1, respectively; while at 20 degrees C, the
      corresponding values were 3.99 x 10(8) M-1s-1 and 1,177 s-1. The kinetic results
      demonstrate that fura-2 and azo-1 are well suited to monitoring rapid changes in
      intracellular [Ca2+].

PMID- 3382717
TI  - Interaction of the fibrinogen-binding tetrapeptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro with fine
      clots and oligomers of alpha-fibrin; comparisons with alpha beta-fibrin.

PMID- 3382718
TI  - 1H-nmr studies of the 20-31 fragment of calmodulin and of its cyclic analogue.

PMID- 3382719
TI  - Collapse of a polypeptide chain as a result of the intramolecular formation of
      antiparallel beta-sheets.

PMID- 3382720
TI  - Distance distributions in native and random-coil troponin I from frequency-domain
      measurements of fluorescence energy transfer.

PMID- 3382721
TI  - The crystal and molecular structure of the anticancer drug actinomycin D--some
      explanations for its unusual properties.

PMID- 3382722
TI  - [Effects of FMRFamide on the activity of command neurons in defensive behavior of
      fed and fasting snails, Helix pomatia].
AB  - FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) micropneumophoresis changed bimodally the
      activity of LPa2, LPa3, PPa2 and PPa3 neurones in fasting and fed Helix pomatia.
      In fasting creatures peptide application elicited hyperpolarization and decreased
      the neuronal membrane excitability and responses to tactile stimulation. In fed
      snails peptide application caused depolarization, decreased membrane resistance
      and increased the neuronal membrane excitability and responses to tactile
      stimulation. Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying FMRFamide effects on
      feeding and defense behaviour are discussed.

PMID- 3382723
TI  - [Changes in the reactivity of microvessels of the pia mater system of rats during
      ontogenesis].
AB  - Changes in microvascular reactivity in pia mater system have been studied under
      conditions of bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries in rats of different
      age groups. The studies were performed on the 7th, 30th, 45th and 90th day of the
      postnatal development. The occlusion of common carotid arteries lasted 6 min in
      week-old animals and 9 min in rats of other age groups. The phase character of
      microvascular reactivity has been determined. It has been found that dilation of
      arterioles depends on the age of the animal. So dilation of precortical
      arterioles averaged 20-25% of the initial level in 7-day-old animals and
      increased to 60-75% in 30- and 45-day-old animals. It has been determined that
      the smaller is the diameter of the vessels the more expressed is their
      reactivity. It has been shown that a steady reaction of compensatory adaptation
      in microvessels in characteristic only of adult animals.

PMID- 3382724
TI  - [Features of the morphofunctional state of the organs of the thymico-lymphatic
      system during various adaptive reactions induced by electric stimulation of
      emotiogenic structures of the brain].
AB  - Weak electrical stimulation of emotiogenic brain structures was found to lead to
      the development of different general non-specific adaptation reactions.
      Stimulation of nucleus lateralis septi was found to evoke mainly the development
      of activation reaction, while stimulation of globus pallidum caused primarily the
      development of training reactions. Stress reactions were considerably less
      frequent in electrical stimulation of both kinds of structures than in the
      control. This can be explained by small values of the electrical current applied.
      Morphofunctional activity of thymus lymphatic system depended not only on the
      type of non-specific reaction but also on the character of the stimulated
      emotiogenic structure--the functional activity was higher with the stimulation of
      nucleus lateralis-septi. However, the functional activity of thymus lymphatic
      system in rats with globus pallidum stimulation was higher than in control rats
      that were not subject to any stimulation.

PMID- 3382725
TI  - [Dynamics of nociceptive sensitivity and blood levels of steroid hormones in
      Wistar rats].
AB  - Changes in nociceptive sensitivity and the level of steroid hormones
      (corticosterone and testosterone) in the plasma of male Wistar rats were studied
      in repeatedly applied painful stimuli. According to the changes in nociceptive
      sensitivity the animals were divided into 6 groups. A reliable corticosterone
      increment and testosterone decrement in the plasma were caused by repeatedly
      applied painful stimuli. The data observed could be used as individual indices
      characteristic of animals of this strain.

PMID- 3382726
TI  - [Effects of adaptation to periodic and continuous hypoxia in disorders of
      electrical stability of the heart in postinfarction cardiosclerosis].
AB  - The effects of adaptation to intermittent and continuous hypoxia on the
      electrical stability of the heart were compared in middle altitude conditions and
      in altitude chamber in Wistar rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis. It has
      been shown that both forms of adaptation could restore the heart fibrillation
      threshold and restrict the ectopic activity in postinfarction cardiosclerosis.
      Beneficial effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia in conditions of the
      altitude chamber appeared to be more radical.

PMID- 3382727
TI  - [Constrictor reaction to transmural electric stimulation of the isolated femoral
      artery and its branches in chronic arterial hypotension].
AB  - Chronic regional arterial hypotension in the hind limbs of rats was produced by
      narrowing of the abdominal aorta. 14-19 days later the femoral artery and its
      main branches were isolated and perfused in vitro with oxygenated Krebs'
      solution. It was shown that constrictor responses to transmural electrical
      stimulation decreased 14-30 days after the constriction of the aorta, however, 90
      days after the operation the responses were identical to those in the control.
      Guanethidine (1.10(-5) mol/l) decreased significantly the responses to
      stimulation in all the cases, while phentolamine (3.5.10(-5) mol/l) inhibited
      completely those reactions. The constriction of femoral arteries in response to
      noradrenaline infusion was the same in control and hypotensive vessels.

PMID- 3382728
TI  - [Dehydrogenase activity in skeletal muscles of rats after long-term exposure to
      weightlessness].
AB  - Malate- and isocytratedehydrogenase activity in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic
      fractions and lactate dehydrogenase activity in hindlimb muscles have been
      studied at different stages after 18.5-day flight on a biosatellite "Cosmos-1129"
      and after 20-day hypokinesia. A decrease in dehydrogenase activity has been found
      on the first postflight day. The enzyme activities returned to the control values
      in mitochondria, and in the cytoplasm they were greater by day 6 postflight. It
      was concluded that hypokinesia did not reveal all the effects of microgravity on
      the whole system but some enzyme alterations in the muscle resembled those
      observed during the flight. The effects may be caused by the inhibition of both
      aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways under the effect of microgravity.

PMID- 3382730
TI  - [Specific binding of a synthetic antioxidant from a series of spatially screened
      phenols, H3-phenozan, with isolated rat enterocytes].
AB  - Specific binding of gamma-(4 hydroxy-3,5-ditret. butyl-phenol) propionate
      (phenozan), a synthetic water-soluble screened phenol with antioxidant activity,
      with isolated rat enterocytes has been demonstrated. The Scatchard analysis of
      binding isotherms revealed two types of 3H-phenozan binding sites. It is
      concluded that the effect of synthetic screened phenol antioxidants on cellular
      activity is the result of two mechanisms of action--alteration of physicochemical
      properties of membrane lipids caused by the inhibitors of free-radical reactions
      and specific binding of these compounds to cell plasma membranes.

PMID- 3382729
TI  - [Participation of the adenine nucleotide translocator in the regulation of
      pyruvate oxidation in heart mitochondria].
AB  - A regulatory role of adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) was determined by
      titration of mitochondrial respiration (state 3) with carboxyatractyloside. It
      was shown that ANT regulates pyruvate oxidation: the control strength is more
      pronounced after depletion of endogenous substrates or after the increase in
      extramitochondrial ATP/ADP. The rate of succinate oxidation is controlled mainly
      by succinate dehydrogenase, while ANT does not participate in its regulation.

PMID- 3382731
TI  - [Effects of hydrogen peroxide on cytochrome P-450 inactivation].
AB  - Inactivation rate of purified oligomeric cytochrome P-450 LM2 has been
      investigated in glucose oxidase system and under the action of exogenous hydrogen
      peroxide (400 microM). It has been found that hydrogen peroxide has a distinct
      inactivating effect on cytochrome P-450. The enzyme inactivation is accompanied
      by the loss of heme and the decrease in SH-group content in the protein molecule.
      Benzphetamine, a substrate specific for this enzyme isoform, exerts a protective
      effect by decreasing the rate of cytochrome P-450 inactivation and SH-group
      oxidation. Similar results have been obtained during the investigation of
      cytochrome P-450 inactivation in the monomerized system. It has been found that
      the inactivation process is accompanied by the formation of the enzyme
      aggregates. The changes in the aggregate state are due to the formation of
      intermolecular covalent bonds.

PMID- 3382732
TI  - [Changes in the lipid peroxidation activity and intensity of tissue respiration
      during healing of aseptic and infected wounds in animal experiments].
AB  - The variance of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied by the concentrations of
      malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the tissue of wound bed and blood serum on the model
      of surface musculocutaneous aseptic and infected wounds simulated in 250 rats.
      The speed of oxygen consumption by isolated wound tissue was determined
      simultaneously. It was stated that the time course of MDA concentration in wounds
      and sera as well as tissue respiration in animals with infected wounds differed
      from those in animals with aseptic wounds. In a whole, MDA levels were found to
      be higher in cases with infected wounds and of changeable character. The latter
      animals demonstrated less intensive respiration of granulation tissue.
      Correlation between the variance of tissue respiration and MDA levels was
      established as was that of LPO and respiration with the phases of wound process.
      The findings could be used for the development of pathogenetic therapy and
      evaluation of its efficacy.

PMID- 3382733
TI  - [Delayed antihypoxic effect of leu enkephalin in mice].
AB  - Hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia conditions were simulated by raising mice in the
      altitude chamber to the level of 10,500-10,700 m. Enkephalin, its analogues,
      morphine and naloxone were injected once 1, 2, 3, 6 and 14 days prior to the
      experiment, and then their effects on stability to hypoxia were investigated
      depending on the time of drug administration. Only leu-enkephalin after a single
      injection was found to have antihypoxic properties for a week. Naloxone, but not
      phentolamine hydrochloride, blocked delayed antihypoxic effect of penta-peptide.
      Leu-enkephalin is thought to be endogenous antihypoxant.

PMID- 3382734
TI  - [Positive modulation of diazepam activity by cortexolone in alcoholic rats].
AB  - It has been shown that glucocorticoid receptor antagonist-cortexolone--increased
      anxiolytic action of diazepam in alcoholic rats. Neither diazepam (2 mg/kg), nor
      cortexolone (20 mg/kg) alone influenced voluntary ethanol consumption in
      alcoholic rats during 14 days of administration, however, combined administration
      of diazepam and cortexolone diminished ethanol consumption. Receptor and
      permissive mechanism of gluco- and antiglucocorticoid effect on the action of
      diazepam are being discussed.

PMID- 3382736
TI  - [Age-dependent characteristics of immune cytolysis of mouse cells with
      cytogenetic changes induced by streptolysin O].
AB  - It has been determined that streptolysin-O induces cytogenetic alterations in the
      cell culture of murine kidneys in all the mice examined, the most pronounced
      alterations being noted in the cells of newborn and, especially, old mice. The
      injection of syngeneic lymphocytes from newborn and sexually mature mice of the
      middle age group has led to a considerable decrease in the number of cells with
      altered chromosome number in cultures. The lymphocytes from old mice have no
      antimutagenic activity.

PMID- 3382735
TI  - [Inability of large granular lymphocytes to recirculate through blood-lymph
      barriers].
AB  - The level of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) has been determined in thoracic
      lymph duct and peripheral blood of cattle. It has been shown that in contrast to
      the blood, these cells are present in the lymph in minor quantities. Unlike blood
      LGL, lymph LGL have smaller granules in cytoplasm. It is concluded that LGL do
      not recirculate from blood to central lymph.

PMID- 3382737
TI  - [Comparison of the reparative property of early and late CFUs after sublethal
      radiation injury].
AB  - Restoration ability of early and late CFUs has been studied using bone marrow
      sublethal fractional irradiation. It has been shown that CFUs capacity for early
      postirradiation repair on the 11th day is sharply reduced, as compared to that of
      CFUs on the 8th day.

PMID- 3382738
TI  - [Regeneration process of the nerve tissue in brain transplantation in young
      rabbits].
AB  - Neocortex has been transplanted into the right brain hemisphere of rabbits aged
      from 2 to 4 days. Brain regeneration at the tissue levels manifested in less
      macroglyocytes. Some observations are indicative of great regenerative potentials
      of the brain. Sometimes the development of glyofibrotic capsule was less
      distinct, which gives an impression of mutual penetration of fibers between the
      transplanted and recipient brain.

PMID- 3382739
TI  - [Role of non-coronarogenic injuries of the myocardium in sudden death at various
      stages of postnatal ontogenesis].
AB  - The study was performed on white inbred young (1 and 3 weeks old), sexually
      immature (1.5 months old), sexually mature (6 months old) and old (over 24 months
      old) male rats, who were subcutaneously administered noradrenaline at a dose of 2
      mg/kg body weight. The degree of myocardial injury was assessed on frontal
      histotopographic heart sections stained by the method of Leigh and Regaud,
      obtained from dead and killed rats 6 hours after noradrenaline injection. The
      reaction of the adrenal cortical substance was investigated, using quantitative
      histofluorescent method. It has been shown that young rats have low sensitivity
      to catecholamine stress, with the sensitivity increasing by the period of sexual
      maturation and again decreasing in old animals. The animals' death is associated
      with higher degree of myocardial injury that accompanies a drastic increase in
      catecholamine secretion by the adrenals.

PMID- 3382740
TI  - [Cytofluorometric analysis of small intensively fluorescent atrial cells at
      various stages of postnatal ontogenesis].
AB  - The number and fluorescence intensity of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells
      in the nerve ganglia of the rat atria were determined after the treatment, using
      modified Falk's method. The animals were 1, 7, 14, 28 days and 30 months of age.
      Similar changes were found in the amount of SIF cells and fluorophore content in
      all the atrial regions. A marked increase in the number of SIF cells and maximum
      values were determined between the second and fourth week after birth. The first
      two weeks of age corresponded to the decrease and the forth week to the increase
      in SIF cells fluorescent intensity. The data of the investigation made it
      possible to suggest the connection between principal stages of SIF cell pool
      formation and processes of autonomic ganglia innervation development.

PMID- 3382741
TI  - [Lesions of skeletal muscles in rats with acute alcoholic intoxication].
AB  - Histological and histochemical studies of the rat skeletal muscles in acute
      alcohol intoxication have revealed metabolic disturbances, characterized by a
      decreased glycogen level, small-drop fatty infiltration, decreased activity of
      aerobic and enhanced activity of anaerobic enzyme glycolysis, dystrophic and
      focal necrotic myocyte changes. Acute alcohol intoxication in fasting animals is
      accompanied by more pronounced dystrophic and necrotic myocyte changes, decreased
      glycogen and lipid content.

PMID- 3382742
TI  - [Cellular composition of subcutaneous connective tissue after single and repeated
      overheating].
AB  - Changes in cellular composition of subcutaneous connective tissue were studied on
      the film-like preparations immediately or some time after single and repeated
      general overheating. It is suggested that the discovered changes in fibroblasts,
      histiocytes and mast cells reflect the connective tissue reaction directed at the
      maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis.

PMID- 3382743
TI  - [A method of identifying lipid peroxidation products in the blood].
AB  - Newer method of thermofluorescence developed and experimentally used for
      identification of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the blood serum implied
      the application of 0.02 ml of studied serum onto a paper filter small disk (8mm
      in diameter) which was placed then on the cuvette of -38 device supplied with a
      heating element and thermopara. When thermopara was switched on and the blind
      opened, the cuvette was heated up to 120 degrees C with the heating rate of 60
      degrees C per minute. A two-minute recording of fluorescence was simultaneously
      performed by "K4-003" self-recorder. By measuring the height of the obtained
      curve peak the intensity of LPO product fluorescence was determined in
      conditional units (one conditional unit was equal to one cm of curve peak
      height). A newer method identifying LPO products in the blood serum was more
      sensitive and time-sparing.

PMID- 3382744
TI  - [Structural basis of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the human placenta].
AB  - 25 placentas from pregnant women with preeclampsia and 18 women with
      uncomplicated pregnancy (control) were studied morphologically, using
      stereohistometric method. It was determined that placenta is a polyfunctional
      organ which is organized in such a way that the same morphological structures
      (chorionic epithelium, interstitium, capillaries) can perform different functions
      -transport, barrier, hormone. With the development of compensatory-adaptation
      reactions, structural placenta features determine the possibility to decrease the
      efficiency of some functions and increase the efficiency of others. These facts
      should be taken into consideration during the analysis of morphological placenta
      changes caused by the diseases of the mother and fetus.

PMID- 3382745
TI  - Deoxygenation-induced cation fluxes in sickle cells: relationship between net
      potassium efflux and net sodium influx.
AB  - Deoxygenation-induced cation fluxes in sickle cells were studied by measuring net
      cation movements in ouabain-treated cells. These deoxy cation fluxes were highly
      dependent on pH, showing inhibition at pH less than 7 and greater than 8 and a
      maximum at 7.4-7.5. Activation occurred at oxygen tensions around 40-50 torr and
      fluxes rose sharply as PO2 fell lower. Deoxy K efflux paralleled deoxy Na influx
      at pH values between 7 and 8, and at all oxygen tensions. Sickle cells were
      separated by density on Percol-Stractan gradients. Dense cells had lower deoxy
      cation fluxes of both Na and K than did lighter cell fractions, but in none of
      the fractionated populations did deoxy K efflux exceed deoxy Na influx. These
      data demonstrate that deoxy cation fluxes are activated at physiological pH and
      oxygen tensions and that there are no conditions of pH and PO2 and no cell
      populations in which cation fluxes induced by deoxygenation contribute directly
      to net cation loss in sickle cells. Chloride replacement (with nitrate) did not
      alter deoxy cation fluxes, and deoxy K efflux did not require the presence of
      external Na (tetramethylammonium replacement). Thus, deoxy cation fluxes do not
      have the characteristics of a cation-chloride cotransport or cation
      countertransport system.

PMID- 3382746
TI  - Electron microscopic studies of the intracellular polymerization of sickle
      hemoglobin.
AB  - Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study intracellular sickle
      hemoglobin polymer in unfractionated cells from the arterial and venous blood of
      patients and after external deoxygenation. We detect polymerized hemoglobin in up
      to 10% of the cells in the venous circulation, especially in cells that are
      "cigar-shaped" and appear to be irreversibly sickled. We could not see well
      defined polymer in mixed arterial samples; nevertheless, we found electron opaque
      spots, which could be ferritin granules, hemosiderin, or small aggregates of
      hemoglobin S. However, upon sequential chemical deoxygenation using 1.0% sodium
      metabisulphite, polymer formation was seen at oxygen saturation values of 75%
      85%. Cells that were physically deoxygenated using gas mixtures containing
      nitrogen-carbon dioxide-oxygen mixtures were found to contain distinct polymers
      of deoxyhemoglobin S at oxyhemoglobin saturation values of 50%-75%. As
      deoxygenation increases, we detect short, randomly arranged polymer in a loose
      network, with occasional long polymers. Upon further deoxygenation, the length
      and number of polymer forms increased. Between 0% and 50% saturation, most
      erythrocytes were full of long, parallel, closely packed polymers that tend to
      align and run parallel to the cell membrane. In both chemical and physically
      deoxygenated blood samples, cells were seen at 50%-75% oxyhemoglobin saturation
      that retained their normal biconcave disc shape, although they contained
      significant amounts of polymer. The structural changes in sickle erythrocytes
      seen in vitro due to physical or chemical deoxygenation of cells, may reflect in
      vivo intracellular changes in the sickle cell patient.

PMID- 3382747
TI  - Role of spectrin in cross bonding of the red cell membrane.
AB  - Membrane cross bonding--an adhesion between opposing areas of the cytoplasmic
      face of the red cell membrane--was achieved by treating red cells with heat,
      diamide, N-ethymaleimide, urea, or by ATP depletion in conjunction with cell
      shrinking. Membrane cross bonding could be recognized by the shape of the cells
      upon swelling. Quantitated by the percentage of cross-bonded red cells the
      effectivity of the treatments decreased in the order given above. Cross bonding
      was hardly reversible by reducing the diamide-induced S-S bonds with
      dithioerythritol. The effect of heat and urea treatment as well as ATP depletion
      was partly reversible. Transmission electron micrographs of the cross-bonded
      region showed basically parallel membranes. The distance between the respective
      phospholipid bilayers varied between 40 and 120 nm from cell to cell. Hb-free
      ghosts prepared from diamide-treated red cells could also be cross bonded. The
      following conclusions are drawn: spectrin provides the molecular cross link in
      membrane cross bonding. Aggregation and enrichment of spectrin in the cross
      bonded region are probably involved in membrane cross bonding.

PMID- 3382748
TI  - Cytoskeletal organization of a cloned hemopoietic stromal cell line during
      attachment and spreading.
AB  - The cell membrane of a cloned murine bone marrow stromal cell line D2XRII was
      extracted in situ using Triton X-100 detergent and the cytoskeletal structure
      studied during the process of adherence and spreading. During this process, three
      zones can be identified in the cytoplasm: the perinuclear zone, which was the
      fixed part of the cell; the peripheral mixed filamentous zone, which formed the
      core of long cytoplasmic projections; and an outer zone, which formed the
      boundary of cytoplasmic projections and contained only intermediate filaments.
      The process of spreading appeared to originate from very long strips of
      microfilaments emanating from the second zone, crossing the width of the outer
      zone, and extending beyond for a long distance. The second and third zones then
      appeared to "stream out" around the axis of this strip, and in this fashion the
      cytoplasm spreads over the substratum.

PMID- 3382749
TI  - Sl/Sld mice have an increased number of gap junctions in their bone marrow
      stromal cells.
AB  - To study the defect of the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) in
      Sl/Sld mice, femoral bone marrow tissue of 10 of each mutant, (Sl/Sld and W/Wv)
      their normal littermates (Sl+/Sl+ and W+/W+), and 20 normal C57BL mice were
      examined by electron microscopy using morphometric and statistical methods. Gap
      junctions were observed in all strains of mice, in the following stromal cell
      types: 1) reticular cells, 2) between reticular cells and periarterial
      adventitial cells, and 3) between periarterial adventitial cells. The frequency
      of gap junctions in bone marrow stromal cells of Sl/Sld mice (mean = 2.2/9.4 X
      10(-3) mm2) was significantly higher than in control mice. It is suggested that
      there is a relationship between the increased numbers of gap junctions in bone
      marrow stromal cells of Sl/Sld mice and the defect in HIM function in these
      genetically anemic animals.

PMID- 3382750
TI  - Platelet deposition onto fibrin-coated surfaces under flow conditions.
AB  - Platelet deposition on fibrin-coated surfaces and release from these adherent
      platelets were studied in an in vitro flow system. When a mixed suspension of
      washed platelets and red cells flowed through a fibrin-coated glass tube, only
      platelets were deposited onto the fibrin-coated surfaces. The density of adhered
      platelets increased with flow time and decreased with distance from the tube
      inlet. The adhesion rate increased with increasing shear rates from 45 s-1 to 180
      s-1. This adhesion process appears to fit a diffusion-limited mathematical model.
      Comparing with glass and other protein-coated surfaces such as collagen,
      fibrinogen, or albumin coated surfaces, the number of adhered platelet per unit
      area decreased in the following descending order: collagen, fibrin, fibrinogen,
      glass, albumin. On the other hand, the degree of release reaction from these
      platelets decreased by another order: collagen, glass, fibrinogen, fibrin. We
      observed little release from platelets that were in contact with a fibrin-coated
      surface. Our results suggest that platelets specifically adhere to fibrin-coated
      surface and that this interaction does not induce platelet release.

PMID- 3382751
TI  - Pulmonary platelet production: a physical analogue of mitosis?
AB  - Cellular reduplication is normally achieved by mitosis. In mammals, a system
      unique to cell biology has evolved that does not utilise this reproductive
      process. Platelets are derived from the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes but they are
      not produced by mitosis. At present, both the site and mechanism of platelet
      production are still debated. This article describes a production mechanism that
      retains the natural simplicity of binary division. It is predominantly physical.
      Megakaryocytes leave the bone marrow as whole cells or large cytoplasmic
      fragments. The cytoplasm of these large circulating cells undergoes a sequence of
      binary divisions at the dichotomous branches of the pulmonary microcirculation.
      The lungs trap the majority of megakaryocyte naked nuclei that are removed
      subsequently by phagocytosis. After the organisation of a microtubular
      cytoskeleton, the much smaller cytoplasmic fragments leave the pulmonary bed as
      circulating platelets.

PMID- 3382752
TI  - Polymerized actin in lymphoid cells: functional interpretation.
AB  - Nitrobenzoxadiazol (NBD) phallacidin, an active fluorescent derivative of the
      actin-binding mushroom toxin phallacidin provides a convenient actin-specific
      fluorescent label for cellular cytoskeleton structures. Topographical fluorescent
      microscopy images of lymphoid cells obtained with NBD-phallacidin staining reveal
      that the major feature of the cellular cytoskeleton characterized by actin are
      mainly associated with cell membrane, a pattern that correlates strikingly with
      their DNAse 1 inhibition. Such actin pools may thus be involved in a membrane
      associated protein network controlling membrane viscoplastic deformation and cell
      motility.

PMID- 3382753
TI  - Flow cytochemical patterns of white blood cells in human hematopoietic
      malignancies: III. Miscellaneous hemopoietic diseases.
AB  - Peripheral blood samples from 48 untreated and 20 treated patients with disease
      entities that directly or indirectly affect hematopoiesis [dys-myelopoietic
      syndrome (DMS), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) or in transformation
      (RAEBIT), lymphoma, myeloma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and solid
      tumors with uninvolved bone marrow] were measured with the Technicon H-6000
      automated hematology analyzer; this instrument provides a differential count on
      10(4) white blood cells (WBC) effected by means of flow cytochemistry (peroxidase
      content) and volume (light scatter) discrimination. Cases with DMS and RAEB
      showed statistically significantly lower WBC counts than normal, whereas cases
      with lymphoma showed significantly higher values. No disease entity demonstrated
      changes in mean peroxidase activity (MPA) that were significantly different from
      normal, although all disease entities, including cases with solid tumors, showed
      significantly higher (two to severalfold) proportions of cells with high
      peroxidase (HPX) content, probably as a reflection of a disturbance of normal
      hemopoiesis with the emergence of younger granulocytic forms. All cases with
      paraleukemia (DMS, RAEB, and RAEBIT) showed significantly higher values of large
      unstained cells (LUC), whereas cases with lymphoma showed significantly lower LUC
      values. There were no statistically significant differences for any parameter
      (WBC counts, MPA, HPX, or LUC) among the paraleukemia subtypes. However, based on
      the displayed trends, a case presenting with dyserythropoiesis, relatively low
      WBC counts, abnormal HPX values, and LUC below 10% should be suspected for RAEB,
      whereas the presence of greater than 10% LUC and almost normal or even slightly
      elevated WBC counts should suggest a more accelerated phase of RAEB. Unless
      complicated by a leukemic phase, cases of lymphoma or myeloma did not display
      changes in any of the parameters analyzed by the H-6000. Similarly, patients with
      AIDS had no overt changes other than a trend to lower WBC counts with
      occasionally higher or lower absolute lymphocyte counts than normal. The
      peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors displayed a slight increase in
      HPX, suggesting an indirect effect on hemopoiesis since careful workup failed to
      demonstrate bone marrow involvement. Our data demonstrates that an H-6000
      analysis has a role in the evaluation and follow-up of all these entities
      particularly to document leukemic transformation of either lymphoma, myeloma, or
      RAEB.

PMID- 3382755
TI  - Prolonged treking at high altitude and red cell shape.

PMID- 3382754
TI  - Alcohol-induced vacuolization in bone marrow cells: ultrastructure and mechanism
      of formation.
AB  - Vacuolization has been known for two decades to occur in the cytoplasm and over
      the nuclei of the erythroid and myeloid precursors in bone marrows of patients
      with acute alcoholism. Electron microscopic examination of the marrows from four
      acute alcohol-intoxicated subjects disclosed that the vacuoles are present only
      in the cytoplasm and free of organized structure. Surface invagination of the
      cell membrane of erythroblasts leads to endocytosis and consequent vacuole
      formation. Cytoplasmic vacuolization of bone marrow cells was reproduced in vitro
      in 8 of 12 bone marrows from normal individuals when incubated for 6 hours or
      more in nutrient medium containing alcohol. The critical alcohol concentration
      for vacuolization was 62.5 mg/dl. The proportion of cells developing vacuoles
      appeared to correlate with the concentration of alcohol particularly above levels
      of 250 mg/dl.

PMID- 3382756
TI  - Microtubule coils occur in intact megakaryocytes.

PMID- 3382757
TI  - An introduction to the ecology of leukemic cells.

PMID- 3382758
TI  - First International Symposium on Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Innsbruck, June 20
      23, 1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3382759
TI  - Cytogenetic investigations on children with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Cytogenetic data from 30 children with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) are
      evaluated in connection with patient's age, morphological type of leukemia and
      prognosis. In 20 out of 30 patients clonal chromosome aberrations were found. The
      frequency of chromosome aberrations and the prognostic parameters in the various
      morphological and age groups proved to be different and no direct relationship
      could be found in a given group between the frequency of aberrations and the
      prognosis. A more detailed analysis of data, however, provided some evidence that
      chromosome aberrations observed at diagnosis had a prognostic value independent
      of age and the morphological properties of blast cells: the normal karyotype and
      the pseudodiploidy proved to be of a favorable value but the hyperdiploidy and
      polyploidy an unfavorable prognostic parameter. Besides the known cytogenetic
      differences between childhood and adult ANLL, some similarities are also
      emphasized.

PMID- 3382760
TI  - Haemostatic variables, serum lipid abnormalities and vascular complications in
      diabetes mellitus: a 5 year follow-up study.
AB  - The relationship among blood lipids, haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters have
      been evaluated, during a follow-up study, in 27 non-insulin dependent (type II)
      diabetic patients. Upon recruitment, and in periodical controls, we observed that
      plasma triglycerides and VLDL levels correlated inversely, and HDL directly, with
      the fibrinolytic activity of plasma and euglobulin precipitate. Furthermore
      triglycerides and VLDL correlated directly with Factor VIII antigen (vWFAg).
      After 5 years in the study, 12 patients (44%) had macroangiopathic complications,
      and 9 of these subjects showed persistently high levels of triglycerides (above
      2.36 mmol/l). These haemostatic and lipid components, however, do not influence
      the progression of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. The alterations of
      lipid, haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters and their possible relationships
      seem to play an important role in the occurrence of diabetic macroangiopathy.

PMID- 3382761
TI  - Relevance of cell kinetics to hormonal response of receptor-positive advanced
      breast cancer.
AB  - The relationship between cell kinetics and hormonal status and the relevance of
      the cell kinetic variable on success of hormone-therapy in estrogen receptor
      positive (ER+) breast tumors were analyzed in patients with advanced disease.
      Cell kinetics were evaluated as in vitro 3H-thymidine labeling index (LI), and
      estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) with the dextran-coated
      charcoal technique. The analyses performed on primary tumor or soft tissue
      metastases from 52 patients showed a general association between the presence of
      hormone receptors and low proliferative activity, or the absence of receptors and
      high proliferative activity (ER and L.I.: p greater than 0.05; PgR and L.I.: p =
      0.05). However, hormonal status and cell kinetic status were unrelated in about
      40% of the cases. Clinical response to additive hormonotherapy was analyzed in
      relation to pretreatment LI in 29 patients with ER+ tumors. Time to reach maximum
      response was significantly longer in slow than in fast proliferating tumors, but
      complete remission was reached in 88% of slow proliferating tumors compared to
      only 46% of fast proliferating tumors. These preliminary results show that ER+
      fast proliferating tumors largely escape hormonal control, and if confirmed on
      larger series, could identify cell kinetics as an important tool to select
      patients who will benefit from hormonal treatment.

PMID- 3382762
TI  - Influence of the menstrual cycle on the concentrations of estrogen and
      progesterone receptors in primary breast cancer biopsies.
AB  - There is controversy in the literature regarding the effects of endogenous
      hormones on estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in young
      women with breast cancer. We studied 117 young women with primary breast cancer
      and assessed their breast biopsies for ER and PR. The women had a record of their
      last menstrual period prior to breast biopsy. The menstrual cycle was divided
      into four phases--early proliferative (days 1-7), late proliferative (days 8-15),
      early secretory (days 16-22), and late secretory (days 23-30). There were lower
      levels of both ER and PR in biopsies excised during the early secretory phase
      than in other phases of the cycle; early proliferative phase receptor positive
      medians of ER = 77 fmol/mg protein and PR = 467 fmol/mg protein fell to ER = 28
      fmol/mg and PR = 128 fmol/mg protein in the early secretory phase.

PMID- 3382764
TI  - Effects of prednisolone on sex hormone binding globulin during primary endocrine
      treatment of advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was measured in 21 pre and 39
      postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer before treatment and 1, 3, 6, 9
      and 12 months after ovarian irradiation or during continuous administration of
      tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg twice daily, respectively; some patients received
      additional prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg twice a day. Ovarian irradiation was
      associated with a 25% reduction in serum SHBG levels 3 to 6 months after
      treatment whilst patients on tamoxifen experienced a rise of about 80% in serum
      SHBG levels after 1 to 3 months. In postmenopausal women prednisolone markedly
      dampened the effect of tamoxifen, reducing a 80% rise to about 20%. There was no
      relationship between SHBG levels and response to treatment.

PMID- 3382763
TI  - Weight gain in women with localized breast cancer--a descriptive study.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken of weight gain during the first year after
      diagnosis of breast cancer in three groups of women with localized disease. Group
      I consisted of 307 women with clinical or pathological node-negative breast
      cancer and Group II of 139 women with clinical or pathological node-positive
      breast cancer. Neither of these groups received systemic adjuvant therapy. Group
      III consisted of 191 women with pathological node-positive breast cancer who
      received adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) (Group
      IIIA) or CMF plus prednisone (7.5 mg per day) and ovarian ablation (Group IIIB).
      In the absence of systemic therapy, weight gain was greater in those with
      involved nodes than in those with uninvolved nodes (p = 0.001). When women with
      involved nodes were studied, those who received prednisone and ovarian ablation
      in addition to CMF gained more weight than those who received CMF alone (p less
      than 0.0001). The use of CMF alone did not significantly affect weight gain.
      Neither initial weight nor weight gain after diagnosis affected prognosis. It was
      concluded that the observed weight gain was not due to the use of adjuvant CMF
      and did not affect prognosis. Further investigation was recommended to replicate
      the above findings and to determine the cause of weight gain after diagnosis in
      women with localized breast cancer.

PMID- 3382765
TI  - Palpation of the axillary nodes in breast cancer: what does the surgeon feel?
AB  - The findings on routine pre-operative palpation of the axilla in patients with
      infiltrative breast carcinoma are compared to the results of histological
      quantitation of the nodal lymphoid tissue and its tumour deposits in 91
      consecutive cases in which a standardized axillary dissection had been carried
      out. The study demonstrates that lymphoid tissue, even when present in large
      amounts (up to 6 cm2 on histology), is seldom palpable. What the clinician
      identifies in favourable cases is the tumour deposit itself. When little lymphoid
      tissue is present very small tumour deposits (0.2 cm2) may be found on palpation,
      but large deposits (1 cm2) may be missed when surrounded by sufficient lymphoid
      tissue. These findings go far to explain the well documented unreliability of the
      nodal findings on axillary palpation in breast cancer.

PMID- 3382766
TI  - Animal modeling of human breast tumors: limitations in the use of estrogen pellet
      implants.

PMID- 3382767
TI  - Gastrointestinal neurophysiology.

PMID- 3382768
TI  - [Is dioxin carcinogenic? A re-evaluation of the risk].

PMID- 3382769
TI  - [Malignant paratesticular mesothelioma].
AB  - The authors report a case of malignant paratesticular mesothelioma with multiple
      metastasis.

PMID- 3382771
TI  - [Secondary cardiac localizations in different cancers. Comparison of clinical,
      electrocardiographic and autopsy data. Apropos of 51 cases].
AB  - The authors have investigated 910 post-mortem examinations of different primary
      cancers. Fifty-one cases (5.6% of the autopsies) presented cancer lesions of the
      heart. They have found the accuracy of clinical and paraclinical diagnostics by
      comparing them with autopsy findings in case of pericardial lesions, but very
      rarely in case of myocardial location.

PMID- 3382770
TI  - [Colorectal cancers disclosed by an obstruction. Frequency and prognosis in a
      population].
AB  - The registry of digestive tumors of the department of Cote-d'Or recorded between
      1976 and 1982, among 1543 colorectal cancers, 142 cases (9.2%) diagnosed with
      acute obstruction. Distribution of the tumors along the large bowel was as
      follows: rectal cancers were rarely obstructive (3.8%) whereas it was a more
      common feature in the sigmoid (14.2%), the caecum (12.2%) and the transverse
      colon (15.8%). Symptoms preceded the acute obstruction in 39.7% of the cases.
      Limited tumors were rare in obstructive cancers, 2.8% were Dukes A, 30.3% Dukes
      B; the corresponding data for non obstructive cancers were 15.6 and 27.7%
      respectively (P less than 0.01). Treatment was surgical in 97.9% of obstructive
      cancers. Surgery was more often palliative in obstructive tumors (45.8%) than in
      the other types of tumors (21.3%; P less than 0.01). The postoperative mortality
      rate was 30.9%, ie 21.6% after curative surgery, 30% after palliative surgery,
      43.6% after derivative surgery. The overall survival rates for obstructive
      cancers were 42.7% after one year and 17.6% after 5 years; they were respectively
      59.1 and 31.1% for non obstructive cancers (P less than 0.001). After curative
      surgery and excluding postoperative mortality prognosis was the same for
      obstructive and obstructive cancers within the same Dukes' stage. This study
      permitted to highlight the rather high frequency of obstructive colorectal
      cancers, and their bad prognosis linked to the extension of the tumors and to
      high postoperative mortality rates.

PMID- 3382772
TI  - [Animal pharmacokinetics in the quantitative estimation of clinical
      pharmacokinetics of antitumor agents].
AB  - Animal extrapolation of antitumor drug pharmacokinetics deals with either the
      determination of equations describing drug disposition or the determination of
      physiological parameters governing this distribution. Papers on this subjects
      show the need for numerous animal species to predict quantitative evolution
      curves and the lack of precision in the obtained results. Practical interest of
      such studies is limited since the pharmacokinetic parameters are systematically
      evaluated in man during phase I trials. On the contrary, analysis of the
      mechanism of drug distribution cannot be performed without interspecies scaling
      to evaluate physiological parameters which are not measurable in humans.

PMID- 3382773
TI  - [Objective response of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma to neoadjuvant
      chemotherapy (weekly high-dose methotrexate)].

PMID- 3382774
TI  - Emotional coping and the psychophysiological substrates of elevated blood
      pressure.
AB  - A structured interview concerning emotional coping patterns was administered to
      63 28-year-old men included in a psychophysiological study of blood pressure
      elevation. The interviews were tape recorded and subsequently evaluated by a
      rater not otherwise involved in the study. The interviews involved discussion of
      four emotions: anger, sorrow, anxiety, and joy. The results indicate that
      normotensives can express sorrow to significantly more people than hypertensives,
      and that their behavior in situations involving sorrow tends to be more
      instrumental than that of the group with labile pressure. Hypertensives also
      experienced significantly less joy than normotensives. In multiple regression
      analyses on physiological variables relevant for blood pressure elevation, the
      use of a somatic and unfocused way of describing sorrow was associated with
      significantly lower heart rate. The results show also that emotional coping
      explains a significant amount of the variance in three of the psychosocial
      functions involved in elevated blood pressure: ability to express anger at work,
      plus the social support variables of attachment and acquaintance.

PMID- 3382775
TI  - Hardiness and health behavior: the role of health concern as a moderator
      variable.
AB  - The present paper reports an investigation of the relationship between
      psychological hardiness and health behavior. It was posited that one mechanism by
      which hardiness may buffer the stress-illness relationship is through its effect
      on health behavior. Those high in hardiness may engage in more health-protective
      behaviors than those low in hardiness, so that when under stress they are less
      likely to become ill. Given the disparity of findings in the research literature,
      however, it is possible that this relationship may be moderated by other
      variables. One such variable is health concern. Ninety-six university
      undergraduates completed a set of questionnaires that included a measure of
      current health behavior, psychological hardiness, and health as a personal life
      concern. A multiple regression analysis revealed that health behavior overall was
      unrelated to hardiness. However, the Hardiness X Health Concern interaction was
      significant. This was interpreted to mean that for those individuals with a high
      concern for health, as opposed to those low in health concern, hardiness was
      significantly related to health behavior. The findings, in general, illustrate
      the need to consider moderator variables when investigating the determinants of
      complex behaviors such as health behavior and, in particular, point to the
      necessity of including such variables in the analysis of the hardiness-health
      behavior relationship.

PMID- 3382776
TI  - Social support, family separation, and well-being among military wives.
AB  - The effects on general well-being of perceived social support, stress, and the
      Stress X Support interaction were examined in a sample of military wives. Support
      was defined as the perception of being able to count on another military wife for
      help with a personal or family problem. Stress was defined as the amount of time
      spent in the field by the soldiers in the husbands' units. Stress was found to
      have an adverse effect on well-being only among those who did not perceive
      themselves as having social support, which is consistent with the buffering
      hypothesis of social support. Major predictors of social support included
      husband's rank, type of unit, and stress. This suggests that to some extent
      stress itself stimulates adaptation by motivating individuals to enlist support
      from others. This may be a partial explanation of the buffering effect found in
      this study.

PMID- 3382777
TI  - Identification of stress buffers.
AB  - A large amount of research has been published about the role of intervening
      variables as buffers for the effects of stress precursors on adverse stress
      impacts. A review revealed that most of these reports focused on single
      candidates or a subjectively selected constellation of variables using narrow
      definitions of both precursors and impacts with a variety of statistical
      procedures. A set of 22 variables was investigated to determine the relative
      importance of each as a stress buffer, using broadened measures for precursors
      and impacts. Discriminant analysis with t-test follow-up of data from 668
      normally functioning men and women indicated the existence of 7 strong and 7
      moderate buffers and a differential effect by sex. Reanalysis, comparing the
      results from other statistical procedures, concluded that there were 4 "true"
      buffers: sense of competence, exercise pattern, sense of purpose, and leisure
      activity. Eleven of the 22 demonstrated main effects independent of stress. This
      study discusses the importance of using standard statistical procedures with
      comprehensive measures in order to further knowledge about the human stress
      process.

PMID- 3382778
TI  - Interviewer style, type A behavior, and cardiovascular response.
AB  - The present study assessed whether Type A ratings obtained through different
      styles of administering the structured interview (SI) differed in their relation
      to cardiovascular reactivity and questionnaire measures of Type A. Seventy-four
      male subjects were administered the SI in either a fast, interruptive style or a
      slower, less disruptive style. Subjects' blood pressure and pulse rate responses
      to a mirror-tracing and a memory-for-digits task were measured, and subjects also
      completed the Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS) and the Jenkins Activity Survey
      (JAS). Increases in diastolic blood pressure in response to the tasks and scores
      from the FTAS were positively related to Type A ratings obtained from slower
      interviews; they tended to be negatively related to Type A ratings obtained from
      fast, interruptive interviews. These results support the notion that style of
      administering the SI may influence prediction by Type A ratings of cardiovascular
      end-points, including CHD.

PMID- 3382779
TI  - Concentrations and chemical species of arsenic in human urine and hair.

PMID- 3382780
TI  - Multivariate statistical approach to a data set of dioxin and furan
      contaminations in human milk.

PMID- 3382781
TI  - Rapid technique for thiobencarb residue determination in rice samples.

PMID- 3382782
TI  - Mass spectrometric identification of methyl-isofenphos.

PMID- 3382783
TI  - Formaldehyde release characteristics from a Swedish floor finish.

PMID- 3382784
TI  - Degradation of captan under laboratory conditions.

PMID- 3382785
TI  - Insecticide residues in wheat grains and straw arising from their storage in
      premises treated with BHC and DDT under malaria control program.

PMID- 3382786
TI  - Absence of asbestos in municipal sewage sludge ashes.

PMID- 3382787
TI  - Sodium monofluoroacetate (1080): a study of residues in arctic fox muscle tissue.

PMID- 3382788
TI  - Metal burdens in two species of fiddleheads growing near the ore smelters at
      Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

PMID- 3382789
TI  - Selected metal levels of commercially valuable seaweeds adjacent to and distant
      from point sources of contamination in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

PMID- 3382790
TI  - Interaction of organic solvents with the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

PMID- 3382791
TI  - Effect of SO2 on growth and development of Dahlia rosea Cav.

PMID- 3382792
TI  - In vivo recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity from phosphamidon and
      methylparathion induced inhibition in the nervous tissue of penaeid prawn
      (Metapenaeus monoceros).

PMID- 3382794
TI  - Dietary exposure of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) to (75) Se: uptake and
      distribution in organs and tissues.

PMID- 3382793
TI  - Effects of pulsed- and spiked-exposure to methoxychlor on early life stages of
      rainbow trout.

PMID- 3382795
TI  - Acute toxicity of sodium molybdate dihydrate (Molyhibit 100) to selected
      saltwater organisms.

PMID- 3382797
TI  - A study of the positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra of
      alpha-amino acids.
AB  - The fast atom bombardment mass spectra of 24 alpha-amino acids have been studied.
      These include the mass spectra as well as the metastable ion MI and collisional
      activation CA spectra of [M + H]+ and [M - H]- ions. The extent of the common
      neutral losses as NH3, H2O and CO2H2 in the positive ion spectra is governed by
      the nature of the side chain. The relationship between the fragmentation
      behaviour of the negative ions and the presence of particular functional groups
      is less obvious. Mixtures of amino acids in glycerol show pronounced surface
      effects.

PMID- 3382796
TI  - Constituents of Justicia pectoralis Jacq. 2. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
      of simple coumarins, 3-phenylpropionic acids and their hydroxy and methoxy
      derivatives.
AB  - The analysis of extracts from the South American plant Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
      permitted the identification, among other compounds, of coumarin,
      dihydrocoumarin, umbelliferone and 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); the acids and phenolic compounds were
      derivatized with diazomethane. GC/MS of simple coumarins, phenylpropionic acids
      and their hydroxylated isomers was performed after derivatization through
      methylation and trimethylsilylation; these results may be useful for the
      identification and quantification of these compounds in other biological
      materials.

PMID- 3382798
TI  - Direct stereochemical assignment of sugar subunits in naturally occurring
      glycosides by low energy collision induced dissociation. Application to
      papulacandin antibiotics.
AB  - A tandem mass spectrometric method is described which allows the assignment of
      stereochemistry to fragment ions comprising intact sugar subunits of larger
      glycosides without chemical degradation and product isolation by chromatography.
      The approach relies on the mass selection of the 'sugar ion' of interest followed
      by analysis of stereoselective fragmentation induced by low-energy collisional
      activation. The daughter ion spectra provide configurational fingerprints of the
      selected sugar ions which can be matched for identity with reference spectra
      obtained from suitable precursors of known stereochemistry. Glucose, mannose and
      galactose furnished the required set of the most important reference ions. By
      using peracetyl (and perdeuterioacetyl) derivatives, galactose was readily
      identified as the glycosidic sugar constituent of the (known) antibiotic
      papulacandin B and a further (unknown) congener.

PMID- 3382799
TI  - Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric identification of chlorinated and
      oxygenated cyclohexene artifacts formed during the analysis of chlorinated water
      samples.
AB  - Chlorinated and oxygenated cyclohexene derivatives detected in methylene chloride
      extracts of chlorinated drinking water were demonstrated to be artifacts produced
      during sample preparation. Commercial methylene chloride contains cyclohexene as
      a preservative, and this reacted during the extraction/concentration process to
      produce microgram amounts of chlorocyclohexene, 2-chlorocyclohexanol, trans-1,2
      dichlorocyclohexane, cyclohexenone and cyclohexenol. Quantitative analysis
      indicated that over 90% of the initial cyclohexene was consumed during the
      process. Dechlorination of drinking water with sodium arsenite significantly
      reduced but did not eliminate cyclohexene artifact formation.

PMID- 3382800
TI  - Analysis of middle mass peptides by thermospray LC/MS.

PMID- 3382801
TI  - The presentation of calibration curves and quantitative data.

PMID- 3382802
TI  - The quantification of synthetic corticosteroids using isotope dilution gas
      chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Prednisolone, dexamethasone and betamethasone were labelled with deuterium via a
      simple synthetic procedure and used as internal standards in the gas
      chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the corresponding undeuterated
      compounds. The mass spectrometer was used in the negative chemical ionization
      mode, which gave fragmentation of the methoxime trimethylsilyl ether derivatives
      favourable for their quantification. The method was applicable to the
      quantification of synthetic corticosteroids contained in human aqueous humour in
      the 0.1-10-ng range.

PMID- 3382803
TI  - Mass spectral characteristics of derivatized metabolites of benzo [A] pyrene.
AB  - The electron impact (EI) mass spectra of the permethyl, peracetyl and
      per(trifluoroacetyl) derivatives of hydroxylated benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)
      metabolites were determined and the fragmentation chemistry producing the spectra
      elucidated. The metabolites investigated were: 3-hydroxy-B[a]P; 7,8-dihydro-7,8
      dihydroxy-B[a]P; 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,8,9-trihydroxy-B[a]P; and 7,8,9,10
      tetrahydro-7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-B[a]P. In addition, the positive and negative
      methane chemical ionization spectra were determined for the derivatives of the BP
      tetrol. The EI fragmentation patterns of the methylated metabolites that
      contained partially saturated rings were complex and, in the case of the di- and
      trimethoxy compounds, included apparent violations of the even-electron rule. The
      permethylated triol and tetrol cleaved through a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The
      EI spectra of the peracetates were dominated by losses of acetic acid and ketene.
      The per(trifluoroacetyl) species fragmented by losing elements of trifluoroacetic
      acid, trifluoracetate radical and trifluoroacetyl. The spectra obtained from the
      permethylated tetrol permitted accurate prediction of the corresponding
      permethylated derivatives of tetrol metabolites of chrysene and
      benz[a]anthracene. The ability to predict spectra may be useful in trace analysis
      of hydrocarbon metabolites in biological samples.

PMID- 3382804
TI  - 'Revised' mass spectral identification of 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
      metabolites.
AB  - The electron ionization mass spectra of 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
      metabolites obtained from microsomal incubations and chemical syntheses were
      studied. The identities of the metabolites were established by chemical
      ionization, high resolution, and metastable measurements. The compounds studied
      showed multiple modes of cleavage, skeletal rearrangements and hydrogen back
      transfer.

PMID- 3382805
TI  - Characterization of doxylamine and pyrilamine metabolites via thermospray/mass
      spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry.
AB  - Analysis of doxylamine N-oxide and pyrilamine N-oxide as synthetic standards and
      biologically derived metabolites by thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP/MS)
      provided [M + H]+ ions for each metabolite. TSP/tandem mass spectrometry
      (TSP/MS/MS) of the [M + H]+ ions provided fragment ions characteristic of these
      metabolites. In addition, TSP mass spectrometry and TSP/MS/MS analysis of ring
      hydroxylated N-desmethyldoxylamine, N-desmethylpyrilamine and O-dealkylated
      pyrilamine is also reported. A fragmentation pathway for analysis by MS/MS of
      pyrilamine and its metabolites is also proposed. The results demonstrate the
      utility of TSP/MS for biologically derived metabolites of pyrilamine and
      doxylamine.

PMID- 3382807
TI  - Journal interview 20. Conversation with H. B. Spear.

PMID- 3382806
TI  - Benzodiazepine independence: pious hope or sound strategy?

PMID- 3382808
TI  - Social marketing in the alcohol policy arena.

PMID- 3382809
TI  - Prevalence of heroin misuse in Oxford City.

PMID- 3382811
TI  - Drug taking, crime and the illicit supply system.

PMID- 3382810
TI  - Regional diversity in United States drinking practices.

PMID- 3382812
TI  - Alcohol in pregnancy: patterns and association with socio-economic, psychological
      and behavioural factors.

PMID- 3382813
TI  - Alcohol and suicide in Scandinavia.

PMID- 3382814
TI  - Drinking outcome expectancies among male alcoholics during relapse situations.

PMID- 3382815
TI  - Clinical utility of rapid clonidine-naltrexone detoxification for opioid abusers.

PMID- 3382816
TI  - Corpus callosal thickness in alcoholics.

PMID- 3382817
TI  - Drinking for health: a rebuttal.

PMID- 3382818
TI  - Cigarette smoking cessation rates by sex in five Western countries.

PMID- 3382819
TI  - Times of crisis: adolescence and aging. Papers from the ninth annual Winter
      Psychiatry Conference. Park City, Utah, March 22-27, 1987. Proceedings.

PMID- 3382820
TI  - The crises of adolescence and aging.

PMID- 3382821
TI  - Adaptation and morale. Predictable responses to life change.

PMID- 3382822
TI  - Adolescence, sense of self, and narcissistic vulnerability.

PMID- 3382823
TI  - Adolescents and their aging parents.

PMID- 3382825
TI  - Widowhood. The continuing relationship with the dead spouse.

PMID- 3382824
TI  - Substance abuse among the elderly.

PMID- 3382826
TI  - Epidemic scabies and associated acute glomerulonephritis in Trinidad.

PMID- 3382827
TI  - Opportunistic infections in Chilean autopsy cases, 1960-1986.

PMID- 3382828
TI  - A hospital study of illegal abortion in Bolivia.

PMID- 3382829
TI  - Abnormal hemoglobins and thalassemias in Costa Rica, other countries of Central
      America, and Panama.

PMID- 3382830
TI  - A conceptual model for public health research.

PMID- 3382831
TI  - Essential radiology: the PAHO-WHO system.

PMID- 3382832
TI  - Closing the ranks for health for all.

PMID- 3382834
TI  - Status of malaria programs in the Americas.

PMID- 3382833
TI  - Breast-feeding/breast milk and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

PMID- 3382836
TI  - Public relations in the NHS.

PMID- 3382835
TI  - Litigation.

PMID- 3382837
TI  - Lithotripsy for gallstones.

PMID- 3382838
TI  - Paediatric radiology. 2: Respiratory tract.

PMID- 3382839
TI  - The need for part-time work: a survey of doctors 10 years after graduation.
AB  - In order to quantify the need for part-time posts a postal questionnaire was sent
      to 396 doctors 10 years after graduation from four UK medical schools. The
      response rate ranged from 41% for Sheffield to 74% for Edinburgh. The findings
      reinforce the case for more flexibility of the career structure, in particular
      the establishment of more part-time posts. These should be incorporated into
      training grades as the maximum need for part-time work was found to occur 4 to 8
      years after graduation.

PMID- 3382840
TI  - Learning to talk with patients.
AB  - This paper gives an overview of the issues involved when doctors and patients
      communicate and some of the training approaches developed by medical educators.
      Doctors are under pressure to improve their relationships with patients.
      Effective training in communication skills exists but is only erratically
      implemented in medical schools. What is required above all is recognition of its
      central importance in medical education at all levels.

PMID- 3382841
TI  - Optic neuropathy and multiple myeloma.

PMID- 3382842
TI  - An unusual case of pyogenic meningitis due to Aeromonas sobria.

PMID- 3382843
TI  - Slides on renal medicine.

PMID- 3382844
TI  - Pros and cons of surgeon-GPs.

PMID- 3382845
TI  - The rights of the organ donor.

PMID- 3382847
TI  - Learning from the hospice philosophy.

PMID- 3382846
TI  - "Consumer-friendly" treatment responses needed.

PMID- 3382848
TI  - The distally based island posterior interosseous flap.
AB  - The posterior interosseous vessels give a significant contribution to the fascial
      plexus which supplies the skin of the forearm. This vascular arrangement forms
      the basis for an island fasciocutaneous flap which can be based either proximally
      or distally. Twenty-two dissection studies have been carried out to demonstrate
      the vascular anatomy of the posterior interosseous artery and its contribution to
      the fascial plexus. Based on this information, the design and usage of an island
      fasciocutaneous flap is described. A distally based island fasciocutaneous flap
      appears to have a reliable vascular basis and its role in covering soft tissue
      defects in the hand is illustrated in three clinical cases.

PMID- 3382849
TI  - Preliminary report of a new method of cleft palate repair.

PMID- 3382850
TI  - Complications of soft tissue expansion.
AB  - This paper presents a critical review of the results of tissue expansion in our
      clinical experience. Seventy-six expansions performed in 66 patients between 1981
      and August 1986 are included in the study. Complications necessitating some
      revision in the original treatment plan were documented in 39% of cases. However,
      sufficient tissue was usually generated to complete the proposed reconstruction
      without compromising the final results. The complications of tissue expansion are
      further analysed in relation to their anatomical distribution, time of onset and
      ultimate consequences. Causative factors are identified and preventative measures
      are introduced.

PMID- 3382851
TI  - Primary reconstruction of the mandible after excision of large benign lesions.
AB  - Small benign lesions occurring in the mandible, such as dental cysts or
      adamantinoma, are treated adequately by the dental surgeon using an intraoral
      approach and curettage (Branemark et al., 1975). However, larger and recurrent
      lesions are better treated via the submandibular route (Boyne, 1969). After
      lesion clearance, the bone gap in the mandible needs to be bridged properly to
      avoid disabling functional and cosmetic results. This paper describes a modified
      conventional method of reconstruction which is simple and effective and gives
      excellent long-term results.

PMID- 3382852
TI  - Subcutaneous pedicle flaps for scalp defects.
AB  - We report the reconstruction of scalp defects by subcutaneous pedicle flaps with
      transverse pedicles. These flaps are supplied by vascular networks in the upper
      and lower parts of the epicranial aponeurosis. We have used this technique in 12
      cases and have found it to be a useful alternative to other methods of scalp
      reconstruction.

PMID- 3382854
TI  - Congenital ring-constriction syndrome of the limbs; a report of 19 cases.
AB  - The authors report 19 cases of congenital ring-constriction syndrome of the
      limbs. Complications arose in eight of the pregnancies. The limb anomalies were
      always congenital ring-constrictions together with distal amputation. Moreover,
      13 patients also had syndactyly and 15 associated anomalies were registered in 9
      patients--8 of the limbs, 3 craniofacial and 4 visceral. One patient had a family
      history of hypospadias and cardiac malformation. Treatment usually required
      several operations, staged Z-plasty being the procedure of choice in surgical
      release of constriction bands. The acrosyndactylies were released early in life.
      More extensive fusions required division and skin grafting even if the webs did
      exist. The aetiology of the condition is still under discussion. The number of
      cases in the literature that cannot be explained by the exogenous theory of the
      congenital ring-constriction syndrome is increasing. Among them are four cases in
      our series.

PMID- 3382855
TI  - Comparative study of artery cuff and fat wrap in microvascular anastomosis in the
      rat.
AB  - An artery cuff and a fat wrap placed around an anastomosis with only 4 stitches
      were compared to the conventional 8-10 stitches suturing technique in
      microvascular anastomosis: 120 vessels in 40 immature male S-D rats were used.
      Observations were made 1 hour, and 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after the repair. The
      newer techniques were performed faster, had shorter bleeding time and showed
      equivalent patency rates to the conventional technique. The artery cuff was
      slightly superior to the fat wrap, particularly in having fewer adhesions and a
      better histological picture. Clinical applications are discussed.

PMID- 3382853
TI  - The sequential evaluation of bone scintigraphy: an analysis of revascularised
      bone grafts.
AB  - Technetium-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) has often been used to assess
      revascularisation of bone, because positive uptake of Tc-99m MDP reflects patent
      anastomoses and viability of the grafted bone. However, the sequential evaluation
      of bone scintigraphy has seldom been reported, especially in clinical cases. We
      carried out sequential evaluation in 17 patients with revascularised bone grafts.
      In this series, intense or maximal uptake in the grafted bone was observed in the
      early days after surgery (1-2 weeks postoperatively), with considerable reduction
      after 4 weeks. Furthermore, it was found that there was no uptake of Tc-99m MDP
      when the anastomosed vessels were occluded, even after 6 weeks, and these three
      cases all developed fracture or sequestrum. We therefore believe that bone
      scintigraphy is reliable in the postoperative monitoring of revascularised bone
      for at least 4 or 6 weeks postoperatively.

PMID- 3382856
TI  - The relationship of the extrinsic blood supply to regeneration in graft
      reconstructed peripheral nerves.
AB  - Median nerves of rats were reconstructed with conventional or vascular nerve
      grafts. After 2, 3 and 4 weeks, Allen Video-Enhanced Contrast, Differential
      Interference Contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy revealed axonal transport in most
      preparations, with varying degrees of myelination. Radio-isotope tracer was
      measured in the nerve. Two and 4 week measurements revealed no difference between
      the graft types. At 3 weeks the vascular graft group exhibited transport along
      the entire length of the nerve in contrast to a relatively abbreviated path
      length in the conventional graft group. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were
      measured proximal to, within and distal to the grafts. Three week NCV showed no
      difference between the graft types. The 4 week NCV revealed normal values in the
      vascular graft group at points distal to and within the graft. Significant
      slowing was seen in the conventional grafts at both points.

PMID- 3382857
TI  - The use of long synthetic microvascular grafts to vascularise free flaps in
      rabbits.
AB  - A 5 cm length of 2 mm internal diameter (i.d.) synthetic, expanded
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, or Gore-Tex) vascular graft was used to connect 25
      rabbit inferior epigastric flaps to the contralateral femoral vessels. In 15
      animals an expanded PTFE graft connected the opposite femoral artery to the flap
      while the ipsilateral venous drainage remained intact. In the remaining 10
      animals an expanded PTFE graft was used to replace the venous drainage of the
      flap and connected to the opposite femoral vein while the ipsilateral femoral
      artery supplied the flap. Flap survival and graft patency were evaluated over 3
      weeks. Ten of 15 flaps with intra-arterial grafts survived at 3 weeks (67%). Only
      27% (4/15) of their supplying grafts remained patent for 3 weeks, although 67%
      (10/15) were patent at 10 days. All 10 flaps, where expanded PTFE grafts replaced
      venous outflow, failed within 36 hours. At exploration these grafts were
      thrombosed or collapsed. In conclusion, currently available 2 mm (i.d.) expanded
      PTFE vascular graft cannot maintain patency in a low blood flow circulation
      supplying an isolated free flap.

PMID- 3382858
TI  - Dupuytren's disease of the foot in children; a report of three cases.
AB  - Fibromatosis of the plantar fascia is a much less common occurrence than that of
      the palmar fascia and it is rarer still in children. It is essential to
      differentiate this entity from fibrosarcoma. In spite of its high incidence of
      local recurrence and the histological presence of mitotic figures, conservative
      resection is the treatment of choice. Recurrence following dermofasciectomy and
      skin grafting is less common than simple excision of the nodules in the fascia.
      Amputation should never be the treatment.

PMID- 3382859
TI  - Familial malignant melanoma.
AB  - A case is reported of a 28-year-old man with three separate primary cutaneous
      malignant melanomas. The patient denied any family history of melanoma, but
      screening of the first degree relatives resulted in the early diagnosis of two
      malignant melanomas in his brother and the recognition of a strong family history
      of melanoma.

PMID- 3382860
TI  - The expanded latissimus dorsi flap.
AB  - The safety of tissue expansion of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is
      confirmed and the advantage of expansion of this flap before transfer
      illustrated.

PMID- 3382862
TI  - Recommended position for wearing of personal dosemeters. Statement of the British
      Institute of Radiology.

PMID- 3382863
TI  - Magnetic resonance imaging with even-echo rephasing sequences in the assessment
      and management of giant intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of giant intracranial
      aneurysms was compared with angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography
      (CT) in 18 patients. The use of T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences
      demonstrated both the presence and the evolution of thrombus within these
      lesions. High-velocity flow within the parent vessels and still-patent lumen
      could be defined as an area of absent signal. The use of even-echo rephasing
      (EER) sequences provided a rapid technique for demonstrating and confirming the
      presence of luminal flow, which is shown as areas of high signal. The combination
      of SE and EER techniques proved superior to CT in the assessment of thrombus and
      flow patterns in these lesions, as well as enabling superior demonstration of the
      patency of the parent vessel following surgical ligation. Computed tomography
      remains the most accurate method of defining the presence and location of
      associated calcification.

PMID- 3382864
TI  - The study of regional cerebral blood flow in stroke patients using technetium 99m
      HMPAO.
AB  - Seventeen patients who had suffered a stroke in the previous 72 h have been
      studied using technetium 99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) to assess
      cerebral blood flow. Comparison of the scan appearances and clinical signs were
      made in all cases. Twelve of the patients had a repeat HMPAO scan 14 days later,
      together with further clinical assessment. Good correlation between the size and
      site of perfusion deficit and the clinical signs was found in 14 of the patients.
      When the results of the 12 patients who had repeat scans were examined at 14 days
      the correlation between the scan and the clinical signs was less accurate and it
      seems unlikely that the assessment of the size of cerebral infarction as
      demonstrated by an HMPAO scan will provide an accurate prognostic sign. Three of
      the patients, all of whom had suffered right hemiplegia and were dysphasic, had
      regions of increased uptake adjacent to the area of ischaemia and non
      deteriorated clinically; it is thought that this sign may represent
      hyperperfusion around infarction and indicates a fair prognosis. In patients
      suffering from transient neurological symptoms, the use of HMPAO may be useful by
      excluding the presence of other cerebral disease.

PMID- 3382861
TI  - Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society. Liverpool, 6th-8th April,
      1988. Abstracts.

PMID- 3382865
TI  - Dacryocystography after paranasal sinus surgery.
AB  - The influence of nasolacrimal duct dissection and irradiation of the lacrimal
      system on lacrimal drainage were assessed. Findings at dacryocystography, in
      correlation with the results of dye tests and symptoms, are presented. Lacrimal
      drainage obstruction was demonstrated in one of 10 patients after paranasal sinus
      surgery not followed by irradiation and in four of 10 patients in which surgery
      was followed by irradiation.

PMID- 3382866
TI  - Radiological awareness of current recommendations on prophylaxis of infective
      endocarditis.
AB  - In 1982 the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy produced a report
      recommending that all patients with a prosthetic heart valve should receive
      prophylactic antibiotics prior to any procedure likely to cause a transient
      bacteraemia. This includes barium enema and genitourinary tract instrumentation.
      A postal survey of 38 radiology departments has shown that there is very poor
      awareness of this report and of its implications for radiology departments and
      suggestions are made as to how this may be improved.

PMID- 3382867
TI  - Lateral thigh varicose veins: a phlebographic study.
AB  - The phlebographic findings in nine patients with primary varicose veins on the
      lateral aspect of the thigh are described. These were shown by varicography to
      connect primarily with the deep femoral vein via communicating veins: the
      symptoms were either cosmetic or mild aching in the thigh. Surgical treatment, if
      indicated, consists of subfascial ligation or sclerosis of the varices, or flush
      ligation of the incompetent communicating veins at their connections with the
      deep femoral vein.

PMID- 3382868
TI  - Regional blood flow in human tumours measured with argon, krypton and xenon.
AB  - Blood perfusion in 19 superficial tumour metastases was measured by injecting
      three tracers, 41Ar, 85Krm and 135Xe or 133Xe, simultaneously into the tissue.
      The blood flow rate was calculated from the constants of the biexponential
      functions fitted to the measured counts. The mean blood flow in the 19 tumours
      studied was 18 ml/(100 g min) (SD +/- 10). Alternatively, the relative partition
      coefficients of argon, krypton and xenon were calculated from the equations
      obtained using compartmental analysis. The mean values for the ratios of the
      partition coefficients of these nuclides were found to be between 0.82 and 1.07.

PMID- 3382869
TI  - The measurement of total filtration of diagnostic X-ray tubes.
AB  - New data based on calculated X-ray spectra for X-ray tubes of different target
      angles and various magnitudes of kilovoltage ripple are presented. Currently
      available published data relating the total filtration of diagnostic X-ray tubes
      to the measured half-value thickness (HVT) are of limited use to those carrying
      out such measurements. Electronic penetrameters are now widely available, which
      allow improved accuracy in the measurement of tube kilovoltage, and the
      monitoring of waveforms. This has highlighted the necessity to refer to data
      which apply to the correct waveform ripple value, and to the correct tube target
      angle. A wide range of data referring to 10 degrees and 16 degrees target angles
      has been calculated. An experimental example is presented where measured values
      of HVT on nine X-ray tubes are converted to values of total filtration, using the
      calculated data.

PMID- 3382870
TI  - Performance assessment of X-ray image intensified television fluoroscopy systems
      in New Zealand.
AB  - The protocol for image intensifier (II) quality assurance recommended by the UK
      Hospital Physicists' Association (HPA) and the UK Department of Health and Social
      Security has been adapted for use in New Zealand for assessment of such systems.
      Test objects were constructed at the National Radiation Laboratory to match the
      specifications of those recommended by the HPA. Over 100 individual surveys have
      been made and, in a few cases, machines have been surveyed several times. Results
      are summarized in terms of key parameters: II input dose rate, low-contrast
      detectability, contrast-detail performance and limiting resolution. These are
      given as mean and standard deviation, and also as good, average or poor. Video
      waveforms, conversion factors and modulation transfer functions have also been
      determined on a number of systems. In several cases, video voltages were found to
      be seriously maladjusted.

PMID- 3382871
TI  - X-ray microscopy of the breast.

PMID- 3382872
TI  - Early radiotherapy in the treatment of paraquat poisoning.

PMID- 3382873
TI  - Palliative radiotherapy in the management of pancreatic carcinoma: combined
      interstitial and external beam therapy.

PMID- 3382874
TI  - Chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst: a diagnostic appearance on computed tomography.

PMID- 3382875
TI  - The dyspeptic disco dancer.

PMID- 3382876
TI  - Cell proliferation in human tumours measured by in-vivo labelling with
      bromodeoxyuridine.

PMID- 3382877
TI  - Mixed schedules for neutron therapy.

PMID- 3382878
TI  - The evaluation of high dose radioiodine therapy in thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 3382879
TI  - The measurement of left ventricular function.

PMID- 3382880
TI  - Nephroptosis: a cause of renal pain and a potential cause of inaccurate split
      renal function determination.
AB  - We present 3 cases of nephroptosis encountered in young females over a 6-month
      period which posed diagnostic difficulties and gave inaccurate split renal
      function determinations until the true situation was disclosed. A syndrome is
      described of clinical presentation with right upper quadrant pain, erect hippuran
      renography showing an apparently small right kidney and reduced function but with
      normal time to peak and elimination phase on the curve (the "miniaturised"
      renogram) and erect and supine DMSA scintigraphy which confirms the diagnosis of
      abnormal renal mobility. Guidelines are suggested by which nephroptosis can be
      recognised and assessed in urological and nuclear medicine practice.

PMID- 3382881
TI  - Genito-urinary complications of brucellosis.
AB  - Twelve cases of genito-urinary complications of brucellosis are presented. Ten
      patients had epididymo-orchitis, 1 presented with right hydronephrosis and 1 with
      haematuria and dysuria. The 10 cases of epididymo-orchitis were compared with 15
      cases of acute non-specific epididymo-orchitis. The former were of longer
      duration and were not associated with lower urinary tract symptoms; almost all of
      these patients had ingested unpasteurised milk. Non-specific epididymo-orchitis
      had a more acute onset, shorter duration and was associated more frequently with
      pyuria, lower urinary tract symptoms, higher leucocyte counts and insignificant
      brucella titres. The distinction between these two types of epididymo-orchitis is
      essential, since the treatments are entirely different.

PMID- 3382882
TI  - Pseudo-ureter: a complication of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.
AB  - In 3 previously healthy patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
      complicated by perforation of the medial wall of the renal pelvis, a false
      channel or "pseudo-ureter" formed around the ureteric stent catheter, starting
      from the renal pelvis and re-entering the upper ureter. Recognition occurred 2 to
      3 days after lithotripsy during nephrostography and the complication was treated
      by re-positioning the stent into the true ureteric lumen. All patients are well 7
      to 10 months after lithotripsy and there have been no long-term complications.

PMID- 3382883
TI  - Is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary for routine urodynamic investigations? A
      controlled study in 100 patients.
AB  - The value of a prophylactic antibiotic before a routine cystometrogram has been
      assessed in a controlled trial of 100 patients. The infection rate was low and
      not statistically different in both groups. Subsequent symptoms of dysuria and
      haematuria had a mechanical aetiology.

PMID- 3382884
TI  - The prevalence of variation of resting urethral pressure in women and its
      association with lower urinary tract function.
AB  - Variation of resting urethral pressure has been reported and it has been
      postulated that this is important in the genesis of lower urinary tract
      symptomatology in women. In order to differentiate between normal and abnormal
      urethral pressure variations several arbitrary values have been chosen and the
      prevalence of abnormality in symptomatic women reported. However, large
      variations in urethral pressure may be seen in healthy, asymptomatic volunteers.
      We have identified the prevalence of urethral pressure variation in a large group
      of female volunteers and have shown that "abnormal" urethral pressure variation
      is not associated with lower urinary tract symptomatology.

PMID- 3382885
TI  - One hundred artificial sphincters.
AB  - One hundred patients with urinary incontinence of various aetiologies underwent
      implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). In 40 patients various
      reconstructive procedures of the lower urinary tract were carried out at the same
      time. In 93 patients the results were successful and they are continent. Six are
      incontinent and 4 of these await AUS replacement. One patient has had a urinary
      diversion with the sphincter still in situ and functioning. The complication rate
      was 45% (of which 29% were designated "sphincter-related"). Half of these were
      accounted for by two complications: one was a change in bladder behaviour in
      patients with neuropathic bladders and the other was stress incontinence as a
      direct result of implanting low pressure devices. If these two factors and the
      "sphincter-unrelated" problems are discounted, the complication rate was 13%. The
      AUS is a satisfactory and successful method of treatment for sphincter weakness
      incontinence regardless of aetiology and the results suggest no contraindication
      to implantation at the same time as reconstructive surgery of the lower urinary
      tract.

PMID- 3382886
TI  - The limited usefulness of external beam radiotherapy in the control of
      superficial bladder cancer.
AB  - Thirty-seven patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta, T1) who failed local
      control were treated with external beam radiotherapy: 22 received full dose
      radiotherapy without interval cystoscopic monitoring and 15 followed a protocol
      in an attempt to select a subgroup of radiosensitive tumours. Both the unselected
      and protocol treated patients demonstrated the limited usefulness of external
      beam radiotherapy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

PMID- 3382887
TI  - A computer-based program for the follow-up of prostatic cancer patients.
AB  - A computer-based record program for the follow-up of prostatic cancer patients is
      described and its practical applications discussed. The system enables the user
      to record personal data, medical history follow-up (including laboratory and
      imaging tests), treatment and the response to it. The program can generate
      reports as a summary letter to the referring physician, follow-up notes on a
      specific date, laboratory test results on a chronological base, etc. It has the
      capability to analyse statistically the medical database accumulated with the aid
      of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The program, which is designed
      for a micro-computer, is conducted on the IBM Personal Computer. By providing
      instant access to all comprehensive information, the system is a valuable tool
      for the correct staging of disease and for systematic follow-up; most of all, it
      is a "real-time instrument" for the analysis of medical results.

PMID- 3382888
TI  - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele in infancy.
AB  - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is the primary cause of a lower abdominal cystic tumour
      in association with an inguinoscrotal hydrocele in infancy. Treatment is
      surgical, with excision of all elements of the hydrocele sac through an inguinal
      skin crease incision. We discuss the aetiological theories in the light of our
      surgical experience in three cases and we report the first bilateral case.

PMID- 3382889
TI  - Primary malignant melanomas of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 3382891
TI  - Congenital uterovesical fistula in a patient with the VATER syndrome.

PMID- 3382890
TI  - Chyluria and the yellow nail syndrome.

PMID- 3382892
TI  - Congenital ureteric valve associated with renal dysgenesis.

PMID- 3382893
TI  - Malakoplakia as a cause of ureteric obstruction.

PMID- 3382894
TI  - Use of the Scott ring surgical retractor for ilio-inguinal node dissection.

PMID- 3382895
TI  - Indications for Boari flap calicovesicostomy.

PMID- 3382896
TI  - Urinary catheters.

PMID- 3382897
TI  - Generalised chorea due to digoxin toxicity.

PMID- 3382898
TI  - Animal disease research.

PMID- 3382899
TI  - Equine exercise physiology--new horizons.

PMID- 3382900
TI  - Congenital anomalies of the bovine heart.

PMID- 3382901
TI  - Prevalence and characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from
      pigs in Jos, Nigeria.

PMID- 3382902
TI  - The effects of straw in crated farrowing systems on peripartal behaviour of sows
      and piglets.

PMID- 3382903
TI  - The effect of pregnancy and sodium intake on water and electrolyte balance in
      sheep.

PMID- 3382904
TI  - The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay for monitoring the
      phagocytic and opsonic activity in bovine whole blood.

PMID- 3382905
TI  - Mastitis incidence in quarters with different infections status at drying off and
      calving in two treatment groups.

PMID- 3382906
TI  - Evaluation of faecal analysis as an aid to the detection of exocrine pancreatic
      insufficiency.

PMID- 3382907
TI  - Mortality in imported tortoises (Testudo graeca and T. hermanni) in the United
      Kingdom.

PMID- 3382908
TI  - Usefulness of acid-base measurements from ovarian blood of anaesthetized cats.

PMID- 3382909
TI  - Changes in strategy of aiming tasks in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Fundamental differences in bradykinesia in parkinsonian patients and
      nonparkinsonian elderly subjects were analysed. Our method was an aiming task in
      which the coordination of eye and hand movements was measured when the subject
      attempted to catch up with a visual target. The coordinated eye and hand
      movements started towards the target almost simultaneously in the normal subjects
      when the target was in the periphery of the visual area. The initial abnormality
      in parkinsonian patients was an isolated delay of coordinated hand movement. In
      the typical bradykinetic patients, the hand movement did not start while the
      target was still in the peripheral visual area but only when the image of the
      target was near or on the fovea. The aiming tasks were then performed step by
      step following visual confirmation. Thus patients with typical bradykinesia
      showed a failure of ballistic hand movement preprogrammed to the visual target in
      the peripheral visual area, and the strategy of coordination was changed. In
      contrast, the disturbance of the ballistic hand movement in the nonparkinsonian
      elderly subjects had no consistent strategy for coordination of the visually
      guided eye and hand movements.

PMID- 3382910
TI  - Acute pseudobulbar mutism due to discrete bilateral capsular infarction in the
      territory of the anterior choroidal artery.
AB  - Pseudobulbar mutism is rarely attributed to bilateral discrete posterior limb
      internal capsule-medial globus pallidus infarction. Few cases of bilateral
      anterior choroidal (AchA) artery territory infarction have been reported. We
      present 8 patients with ischaemic stroke in this location and vascular
      distribution who have a characterizable syndrome. All had the abrupt onset of
      inability to speak, swallow or phonate, accompanied by varying degrees of facial
      diplegia, hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, lethargy, neglect and change in affect.
      The appearance of clinical signs depends upon the presence of a new infarct
      contralateral to an older lesion in mirror position. The pathogenesis and
      progression of neurological deficit appears to be intimately related to
      hypertension. The role of intrinsic intracranial vascular pathology related to
      diabetes mellitus, embolism of cardiac origin and atherosclerosis is currently
      undefined. The prognosis for recovery is poor. Half of our patients died within a
      year of onset of symptoms. Capsular pseudobulbar mutism is recognized by the
      abrupt appearance of neurological deficit consistent with internal capsular
      pathology and is confirmed by CT scan or MRI.

PMID- 3382911
TI  - Temporal ordering and short-term memory deficits in Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Previous studies of remote memory function have indicated a dissociability
      between memory for the content and date of past events and suggested selective
      deficits of dating capacity in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study
      examined the hypothesis that poor dating in PD is linked to a specific deficit in
      temporal contextual memory which also affects new learning. Patients with PD and
      patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared in their ability to perform
      tasks of content recognition and recency discrimination of words presented
      sequentially. Compared with AD patients, PD patients were disproportionately
      impaired in recency discrimination relative to content recognition. When
      performance was analysed as a function of retention interval, AD patients showed
      impairment in both tasks at all intervals. PD patients, by contrast, showed
      deficits in content recognition at the short stimulus-test intervals only,
      possibly reflecting the clinical phenomenon of bradyphrenia. These results
      suggest that recency discrimination deficits and impaired short-term memory
      processing are specific cognitive deficits in PD that may be linked to
      subcortical deafferentation of the frontal lobes.

PMID- 3382912
TI  - Processing of semantic anomaly by right and left hemispheres of commissurotomy
      patients. Evidence from event-related brain potentials.
AB  - The ability of 5 commissurotomized patients to appreciate semantic anomalies
      presented to their right and left hemispheres was tested using both
      electrophysiological and behavioural measures. In all cases, the patients heard
      sentence fragments that were completed either by semantically congruous or
      incongruous words briefly flashed to the left visual field, right visual field or
      to both fields simultaneously. A dissociation between behavioural and event
      related brain potential (ERP) measures was observed. All 5 patients were able to
      indicate by a pointing response with greater than chance accuracy whether the
      terminal word of a sentence made sense (i.e., appropriate for the context) or was
      nonsensical. This was true regardless of the hemisphere receiving the terminal
      word. Likewise, all the patients responded to right visual field anomalies with a
      cerebral potential (N400) that was typically elicited by such words in control
      subjects. In contrast, only those 2 patients who developed an overt speech
      capability under the control of the right hemisphere produced N400 waves in
      response to left visual field anomalies. These findings were interpreted as
      suggesting possible relationships within language generation and semantic
      priming.

PMID- 3382913
TI  - Disseminated cysticercosis. New observations, including CT scan findings and
      experience with treatment by praziquantel.
AB  - Although the symptom complex of disseminated cysticercosis has been well
      recognized for over half a century, it is not clearly included in recent disease
      classifications. Three such patients are described whose main features were
      uncontrolled seizures, progressive dementia, behaviour disorder, muscular
      pseudohypertrophy, and a relative paucity of localizing neurological signs or
      signs of raised intracranial pressure. Radiographic calcification in muscles was
      not seen. A CT scan of the brain showed numerous small discrete lesions. Their
      attenuation density values were appreciably less than that of calcium and they
      enhanced slightly with contrast. Magnification revealed that these were scolices
      within cysticerci. There was no enhancement of the cyst wall and no pericystic
      oedema. CT scan of muscles showed similar cysticerci producing a 'honeycomb'
      appearance. This is the first CT demonstration of widely disseminated living
      cysticerci in brain and muscles. It was confirmed histologically. In the absence
      of palpable cysticerci, the clinical diagnosis can be missed, although no other
      disease in its full form presents in this manner. The symptoms are mainly caused
      by the space-occupying effect of the large number of cysticerci rather than by
      adjacent tissue swelling such as is seen in the presence of dying parasites.
      Praziquantel was ineffective and hazardous, causing some known and some
      previously unreported responses and reactions. All 3 patients died.

PMID- 3382914
TI  - Acute transcortical mixed aphasia. A carotid occlusion syndrome with pial and
      watershed infarcts.
AB  - Four of 1,200 consecutive patients with their first stroke showed acute
      transcortical mixed aphasia (TMA) characterized by nonfluent speech with impaired
      naming, semantic paraphasias, echolalia, impaired comprehension, good repetition,
      reading, and writing on dictation. All 4 had left internal carotid artery (ICA)
      occlusion with ipsilateral anterior pial territory infarction (precentral-central
      sulcus artery territory) and watershed infarction between the middle and
      posterior cerebral artery territories, which spared and 'isolated' the
      perisylvian speech areas. Although rare, acute TMA is highly suggestive of
      infarction due to ICA occlusion, in that it is probably related to simultaneous
      embolism (anterior pial infarction) and haemodynamic insufficiency (posterior
      watershed infarction).

PMID- 3382915
TI  - Optic ataxia: a specific disruption in visuomotor mechanisms. I. Different
      aspects of the deficit in reaching for objects.
AB  - Visually directed arm movements have been studied by film recordings in 10
      patients with optic ataxia resulting from unilateral lesions of the parietal
      region, in 3 cases on the right and in 7 on the left. Half of the patients also
      underwent visuospatial perceptive tests. The results indicate the following. (1)
      Optic ataxia is a specific visuomotor disorder, independent of visual space
      misperception. (2) The proximal and the distal components of the movements are
      equally affected as shown in reaching and hand orientation tasks. (3) The
      percentages of spatial and orientation errors quantified, respectively, in these
      two situations show a different distribution across the different hand-field
      combinations according to the side of the lesion: whereas the right-damaged
      patients show a deficit essentially related to a field effect, the left-damaged
      patients show in addition to the latter an impairment related to a hand effect.
      These findings suggest that the 2 types of visuomotor mechanisms responsible for
      the proximal and distal components of visually-directed arm movements are
      controlled by the parietal cortex and that there should exist a hemisphere
      asymmetry in the functional organization of these mechanisms. (4) Reconstruction
      of the lesions drawn from CT scans in 8 of the patients shows a salient and
      constant involvement of the posterior parietal cortex, always including the
      intraparietal sulcus and either the superior part of the inferior parietal lobule
      or more often various parts of the superior parietal lobule. The weak co
      occurrence of optic ataxia and hemispatial neglect, and their different lesion
      sites, indicate a double dissociation between these two symptoms.

PMID- 3382916
TI  - Physiological consequences of antiserum-mediated experimental demyelination in
      CNS.
AB  - To study the pathophysiology of immunologically mediated demyelination in the
      central nervous system (CNS), we injected 20 to 30 microliters of polyclonal
      antigalactocerebroside serum (AGC) into the lower thoracic dorsal column of the
      spinal cord in 20 Wistar rats. AGC-injected spinal cords contained areas of
      fascicular demyelination adjacent to the focus of axonal degeneration at the
      injection site. Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded serially after
      tibial nerve stimulation. In 85% of AGC-injected animals, the following
      characteristics were observed by 3 days after injection: (1) decreased amplitude
      of the cortically generated potential (P15); (2) failure of transmission of high
      frequency (50 Hz) impulses (rate-dependent block); (3) delayed conduction
      velocity of the compound action potentials through the lesion. None of these
      changes was seen in 90% of 20 rats injected with normal saline or control rabbit
      sera. In 7 rats with acrylamide-induced axonopathy or wallerian degeneration, the
      rate-dependent block was not observed. The onset of clinical symptoms (hindlimb
      ataxia) in AGC-injected rats was best correlated with development of the rate
      dependent block. Clinical recovery was observed by 14 days after injection
      concurrent with restoration of P15 amplitude, when the rate-dependent block and
      decreased conduction velocities were unchanged. High-frequency-resistant
      conduction was re-established much later than clinical recovery in 3 rats. These
      findings suggest that failure of high-frequency impulse transmission may produce
      clinical symptoms and that a central adaptive mechanism to remodulated trains of
      impulses plays a role in clinical recovery from CNS demyelination.

PMID- 3382917
TI  - A comparative study of visuospatial memory and learning in Alzheimer-type
      dementia and Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Groups of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and idiopathic
      Parkinson's disease, together with age and IQ-matched normal controls, were
      compared on several computerized tests of visuospatial memory and learning. Two
      different groups of parkinsonian patients were studied: (1) a newly diagnosed
      group, early in the course of the disease, not receiving medication (NMED) PD)
      and (2) a group later in the course of the disease, receiving medication (MED
      PD). The DAT and MED PD group were significantly impaired in both spatial and
      visual pattern recognition memory. The DAT group exhibited a delay-dependent
      deficit (over 0-16 s) in a delayed matching-to-sample procedure, but were not
      impaired at simultaneous-matching-to-sample. By contrast, the MED PD group showed
      delay-independent deficits in the delayed matching-to-sample test and both the
      MED PD and the NMED PD group were also significantly impaired in simultaneous
      matching. In a form of delayed response test, the subjects were required first to
      memorize and then to learn the locations of several abstract visual stimuli which
      varied progressively in number from 1 to 8. The DAT group were severely impaired
      in this conditional associative learning task. A significant proportion of
      patients, but none of the controls, in the NMED and MED PD group also failed the
      test at the levels of 6 or 8 items. There was a significant correlation between
      the performance on the first trial, memory score in the delayed response task and
      indices of clinical disability and disease duration in the patients with
      Parkinson's disease. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of the
      comparison between DAT and PD in characterizing the nature of the cognitive
      deficits in these conditions and their relation to those findings from animal
      neuropsychology which use comparable paradigms.

PMID- 3382918
TI  - Recording of movement-related potentials from scalp and cortex in man.
AB  - Movement-related cortical potentials (MRPs) were recorded from scalp electrodes
      in 8 normal volunteers and from chronically implanted subdural electrodes in 7
      patients who were being evaluated for surgical treatment of epilepsy. From
      subdural electrodes, a clearly defined, extremely localized slow negative
      potential preceding the voluntary movement of the middle finger
      (Bereitschaftspotential, BP) was recorded in the contralateral and ipsilateral
      hand sensorimotor areas. The negative slope (NS') began approximately 250 to 400
      ms before EMG onset and was recorded exclusively from the contralateral hand
      sensorimotor area. Both BP and NS' were maximum in the hand motor area. Although
      a negative slope was recorded also from the supplementary motor area, whether
      that particular slope corresponded to BP or NS', or both, could not be
      determined. Three kinds of progressively steeper negative potentials starting
      around the onset of the EMG were identified: (1) the 'hand motor potentials'
      which were seen in the contralateral hand motor area and started immediately
      before EMG onset and peaked 130 +/- 32 ms after EMG onset; (2) the 'hand
      somatosensory potentials' seen in the contralateral hand somatosensory area which
      started simultaneously or immediately after the EMG onset; and (3) the 'vicinity
      potentials' seen in the immediate surroundings of the contralateral hand area and
      which started after the EMG onset. The 'hand motor potentials' had the highest
      amplitude. From these findings, we concluded that bilateral hand sensorimotor
      areas and the supplementary motor area participate in the 'preparation' of
      movements, but that mainly the contralateral cortex generates the discharges
      necessary to produce the actual movement.

PMID- 3382919
TI  - Worldwide incidence of primary nervous system neoplasms. Geographical, racial and
      sex differences, 1960-1977.
AB  - International and interregional comparisons of average annual age-adjusted
      incidence rates for primary tumours of the nervous system showed marked
      variations. The highest rates were observed in those areas having high
      socioeconomic levels. In communities with multiple racial groups the highest
      rates were in Caucasians. Migrant populations retained rates close to those found
      in the country of origin. The majority of populations showed modest increases
      only while about one-third showed a decrease in the incidence rates during a
      period of approximately 15 years. Overall, there was a male excess. It is
      suggested that differences in medical practices (including availability of
      specialist expertise), diagnostic facilities and individual registry practices
      account for some of the variations observed. However, the possible aetiological
      roles of genetic, racial, hormonal and environmental factors need to be evaluated
      to explain the consistently higher incidence rates in Caucasians and in males of
      all races.

PMID- 3382920
TI  - Development of neuronal connections. Symposium of the Cajal Club. April 6, 1986,
      Reno, Nevada. Proceedings.

PMID- 3382921
TI  - Is binocular competition essential for layer formation in the lateral geniculate
      nucleus?
AB  - In this paper we examine mechanisms that could explain how layers form within the
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Analysis of normal LGN development and
      development following experimental or genetic perturbation, together, suggest
      that binocular competitive interactions alone cannot account for either the
      segregation of retinogeniculate axons or subsequent formation of cell layers.
      Instead, it appears more likely that initial sorting of axons results from an
      activity-dependent interaction between populations of axons with different
      identities and differential affinities for postsynaptic LGN targets. Competitive
      interactions, however, may aid in sorting axons of like type or in refining
      topography. We also propose that the subsequent steps in LGN layer formation,
      such as the formation of interlaminar spaces, depend upon a sequence of
      interactions between retinal axons, extraretinal axons and outgrowth of
      developing dendrites of LGN cells.

PMID- 3382922
TI  - Motoneuron axon guidance: development of specific projections to two muscles in
      the embryonic chick limb.
AB  - In the embryonic chick limb, multiple mechanisms are believed to be responsible
      for a precise guidance of motoneuron axons to their appropriate targets from the
      earliest stages of axon outgrowth. In this report, I discuss one of these
      guidance mechanisms; a mechanism which appears to depend on a prelabeling of
      motoneurons prior to axon outgrowth. By focusing on the development of axonal
      projections to two specific muscles, I review the evidence that motoneurons
      destined for each muscle actively recognize environmental cues, and discuss
      recent experiments designed to identify the source of these cues.

PMID- 3382923
TI  - Conditions for optic axon outgrowth.
AB  - A series of studies is described which show that retinal axon outgrowth can be
      stimulated by the close proximity of an appropriate target region. The suggestion
      is offered that, in normal development, optic axons first follow cues available
      at the surface of the brainstem, but once they reach a target region, ramify
      there in response to the presence of a target-derived factor.

PMID- 3382924
TI  - Development and plasticity of retinal X and Y axon terminations in the cat's
      lateral geniculate nucleus.
AB  - The technique of injecting single retinogeniculate fibers with horseradish
      peroxidase enables the terminal arbors of physiologically identified axons to be
      fully characterized morphologically. We have used this technique to study the
      postnatal development of retinal X and Y cell arbors within the cat's lateral
      geniculate nucleus, and the plasticity of these arbors following a variety of
      manipulations that perturb normal development. These experiments suggest quite
      specific sequences and mechanisms for the development of individual X and Y
      retinogeniculate axons. Retinal X axons appear to innervate the lateral
      geniculate nucleus before Y axons do, and are probably specified innately to
      their appropriate target lamina A or A1. By 3-4 weeks postnatally, X axons from
      each eye develop exuberant terminal arbors within the A laminae that by 12 weeks
      get pruned to the narrow adult form by later developing Y axon arbors from the
      same eye. The Y arbors progressively expand to form their characteristic broad
      terminal zones during this period. The laminar location of Y arbors depends on
      interactions between axons from the two eyes, and their transverse extent on the
      presence of normal afferent activity in retinogeniculate fibers.

PMID- 3382925
TI  - Development and maintenance of somatotopic maps of the skin: a mosaic hypothesis
      based on peripheral and central contiguities.
AB  - The somatotopic mapping of tactile information from the skin onto structures in
      the brain is ubiquitous in the somatosensory system of mammals. This paper
      reviews evidence which suggests that the somatotopic map in the S-I cortex of the
      rat is not a single topographic entity but, instead, is a mosaic. This mosaic is
      comprised of subunits that process information from inputs which, by nature of
      their peripheral grouping and associated distribution to unified receptor
      surfaces, provide spatially and temporally contiguous signals. These subunits are
      developed and subsequently maintained in a piecemeal fashion within the
      integrated somatotopic map of the body. The relative size of the subunits is
      alterable by different mechanisms in newborn and adult animals.

PMID- 3382926
TI  - The effect of pictorial context on sentence memory in Broca's and Wernicke's
      aphasia.
AB  - Eighteen aphasic patients (8 Broca's and 10 Wernicke's aphasics), 11 right
      hemisphere damaged patients and 12 normal subjects were tested to assess the
      effect of pictorial context on verbal memory with a sentence recognition task.
      The subjects were read aloud a stimulus sentence describing a simple event and
      simultaneously shown a picture congruent or incongruent with the sentence.
      Immediately following or after an interval of 30 sec, the subjects were read
      aloud a second sentence and asked to judge whether this sentence was the same or
      different from the stimulus sentence. The results indicated that verbal memory
      was better retained in supportive situations than in distracting situations, and
      that this contextual effect was greater in aphasic patients than in any of the
      other groups. Verbal memory declined rapidly after an interval in aphasic
      patients, but not in normal subjects. The Broca's and the Wernicke's aphasics
      demonstrated different performance patterns when semantic analysis of sentences
      was critical.

PMID- 3382927
TI  - Closed-class words as first syllables do interfere with lexical decisions for
      nonwords: implications for theories of agrammatism.
AB  - It has been proposed that a principal cause of the agrammatism of some Broca's
      aphasics is that such patients, unlike normal subjects, are unable to make use of
      a special retrieval mechanism for closed-class ("function") words (D. C. Bradley,
      1978, Computational distinctions of vocabulary type, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis; D.
      C. Bradley, M. F. Garrett, & E. B. Zurif, 1980. In D. Caplan (Ed.), Biological
      studies of mental processes). The main evidence for the existence of such a
      mechanism consisted of two observations: (1) the recognition of open-class words
      was observed to be frequency-sensitive, but that of closed-class words was not;
      and (2) lexical decisions for nonwords which began with open-class words were
      delayed, whereas there was no such interference for nonwords which began with
      closed-class words. However, the first of these observations has proved
      nonreplicable (e.g., B. Gordon & A. Caramazza, 1982, Brain and Language, 15, 143
      160, 1983, Brain and Language, 19, 335-345; J. Segui, J. Mehler, W. Frauenfelder,
      & J. Morton, 1982, Neuropsychologia, 20, 615-627), and in the present paper,
      three lexical decision experiments are reported in which it is found that, when
      certain confounding variables are controlled, nonwords which begin with closed
      class words are subject to interference. Moreover, contrary to a suggestion of
      Kolk and Blomert (1985, Brain and Language, 26, 94-105) the interference is
      independent of the presence of closed-class items in the lexical decision word
      list. It seems, then, that closed-class words are not qualitatively different
      from open-class words with respect either to frequency sensitivity or to nonword
      interference, and in consequence, the above proposed explanation of agrammatism
      is left without major empirical support.

PMID- 3382928
TI  - Red is read but eye is blue: a case study of developmental dyslexia and follow-up
      report.
AB  - Recently, analogies have been drawn between the developmental and acquired
      dyslexias, but there has been no unequivocal report of developmental deep
      dyslexia. The case is reported here of a 9-year-old child whose reading
      performance resembles deep dyslexia in several ways. The incidence of errors with
      a semantic component is shown to be significantly above chance. The pattern of
      errors is discussed in relation to recent data on error patterns in normal
      beginning readers. Text reading, spelling, naming, and repetition are described.
      In contrast to previous case reports, follow-up data are presented which chart
      the qualitative changes in performance over time despite relatively little
      quantitative change. The child described has several specific handicaps.
      Developmental deep dyslexia may not be a prevalent subtype because the multiple
      impairments necessary to produce the disorder seldom co-occur and may tend to
      preclude reading development altogether.

PMID- 3382929
TI  - Letter imagery deficits in a case of pure apraxic agraphia.
AB  - Pure apraxic agraphia is a condition in which motor writing is impaired but limb
      praxis and nonmotor writing (typing, anagram letters) are preserved. This
      condition is believed to result from disruption of a parietal lobe graphemic area
      which generates grapheme representations used to program motor-writing patterns.
      We report a single case of pure apraxic agraphia in which defective letter
      imagery was evident. Results of writing and imagery evaluations suggest that the
      graphemic area may be responsible for generating letter images. In this respect,
      clinical evaluation of letter imagery abilities in cases of apraxic agraphia may
      be useful in identifying subtypes of the disorder resulting in a better
      understanding of the neuropsychological process involved in writing.

PMID- 3382930
TI  - Mutism associated with buccofacial apraxia and bihemispheric lesions.
AB  - Mutism following brain trauma is quite common, is usually transient, and recovery
      of speech is essentially the rule. Lasting total absence of speech without
      aphasia is highly unusual. Three such patients, two of traumatic and one due to
      vascular origin showing buccofacial apraxia (BFA) and computerized tomography
      (CT) evidence of bilateral frontal lesions are reported. It is suggested that
      complete lasting mutism associated with BFA is a result of bihemispheric lesions
      affecting mainly the opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus and immediate
      adjacent regions.

PMID- 3382931
TI  - Crossed aphasia in multilinguals.
AB  - Reports of crossed aphasia in single case studies of bilinguals have led to
      incidence studies of crossed aphasia among larger groups of stroke patients.
      Among a few others, studies carried out in India (K. R. Nair & Virmani, 1973
      Indian Journal of Medical Research, 61, 9; P. Chary, 1986, In Language processing
      in bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and neuropsychological perspectives) have lent
      support to the notion of a higher incidence of crossed aphasia among bi- and
      multilinguals and form major citations in support of the hypothesis that
      bilingualism could lead to a greater bilateral cerebral representation of
      languages. This paper reports on the incidence of crossed aphasia in a large
      unselected population of stroke patients in monolingual and multilingual speakers
      of South India, which is in agreement with the previous reports of a higher
      incidence of crossed aphasia in multilinguals. However, along with this high
      incidence of crossed aphasia a low incidence of sinistrality was also seen. In
      order to confirm these findings and their significance two further studies were
      carried out-an incidence study of crossed aphasia in a population of mono- and
      multilingual aphasics and an incidence study of hand dominance in a normal
      population. The results and their significance to the issue of crossed aphasia in
      multilinguals are presented.

PMID- 3382933
TI  - Impaired word naming in right-brain-damaged right-handers: error types and time
      course analyses.
AB  - The purpose of this study is to search for cues that could account for the fact
      that right-hemisphere lesions affect word naming when the criterion for naming is
      semantic. The authors analyzed the errors as well as the time course of
      productions of 35 vascular right-brain-damaged subjects (RBD) and 20 control
      subjects (C) in a semantic-based word-naming task. Results show that there are no
      differences between groups in terms of (a) the number of errors produced and, (b)
      the patterns of error types. However, results also show a reduction of verbal
      fluency for semantic criteria in RBD-subjects present only after the first 30
      seconds of production. These results indicate that reduction of word production
      in RBD-subjects is not the consequence of nonspecific factors such as
      perseveration or spontaneity, but reflects problems with the less automatized
      processes permitting exploration of semantic organization, either because
      scanning process are affected, or because the presence of a discreet semantic
      impairment prevents scanning from being as efficient. Given that efficient
      exploration of semantic knowledge is important for lexico-semantic functioning,
      the present results suggest that the right hemisphere contributes to some aspects
      of lexico-semantic processing necessary for language production.

PMID- 3382932
TI  - A linguistic deficit resulting from right-hemisphere damage.
AB  - The ability of right-brain-damaged (RBD) subjects to correctly insert a word into
      a well-formed stimulus sentence was tested. Subjects also performed three
      evaluative tasks designed to establish their degree of general cognitive
      impairment. The performance of RBD subjects on these tasks was compared to that
      of left-brain-damaged (LBD) and non-brain-damaged (NBD) subjects. Although RBD
      subjects outperformed LBD subjects on the language-related evaluative tasks, the
      RBD group was significantly more impaired on a subset of the insertion task. This
      subset included items which required reassignment of the syntactic status of
      elements in the stimulus sentence in order for the insertion to be carried out.
      The results of this study permit refinement of the common characterization of RBD
      individuals as rigid in their interpretation of meaning and indicate right
      hemisphere involvement in aspects of the grammar previously thought to be
      inaccessible to it.

PMID- 3382934
TI  - The role of intonation cues in aphasic patients' performance of the
      grammaticality judgment task.
AB  - This study investigated the possibility that the reported success of agrammatic
      aphasic patients in performing auditory grammaticality judgments results from
      their use of intonational cues to sentence well-formedness. Two agrammatic
      aphasics, two anomic aphasics, and two nonagrammatic patients with comprehension
      deficits for semantically reversible sentences were asked to judge grammatical
      well-formedness in three conditions. Results in a "natural" listening condition
      replicated the finding of M.C. Linebarger, M.F. Schwartz, and E. M. Saffran
      (1983, Cognition, 13, 361-392) that agrammatic patients are sensitive to
      grammaticality despite poor ability to use syntatic cues in comprehension tasks.
      Two additional listening conditions employed signal-processed auditory stimuli in
      which the fundamental frequency was normal or was set at a constant level. Right
      hemisphere-damaged and normal controls showed no performance deficit for
      judgments of monotone sentences. The aphasic patients' performance was slightly
      worse for both signal-processed conditions, but there was little apparent effect
      of removing sentence intonation on their ability to judge sentence
      grammaticality. These results indicate that the high levels of performance on
      grammaticality judgement tasks have not resulted from patients' detection of
      intonational cues in ungrammatical sentences.

PMID- 3382935
TI  - Internal representations and the conceptual operation of color in pure alexia
      with color naming defects.
AB  - This research examined the structure of internal representation and the
      conceptual operation of color in two pure alexic cases (Case I and Case II) with
      color naming defects. Experiment I investigated the structure of the internal
      representation of different kinds of colors using a similarity judgment task.
      Experiment II examined categorical judgments of perceived colors using a two
      alternative-forced choice task. Experiment III tested the classification of
      perceived colors using a color sorting task. The performance of Case I
      essentially fell within the normal range while the results of Case II showed some
      impairment in the conceptual operation of color. Analysis of the responses
      obtained from these experiments indicated that the color naming defects in Case I
      can be explained in terms of visual-verbal disconnection. However, the naming
      defects in Case II reflect disfunction in some other higher cortical processes
      coupled with visual-verbal disconnection.

PMID- 3382936
TI  - Single RNA species injected in Xenopus oocyte directs the synthesis of active
      choline acetyltransferase.
AB  - In vitro synthesized complementary RNA (cRNA) transcribed from a non-full length
      Drosophila choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) cDNA clone will direct the synthesis
      of enzymatically active and immunologically recognizable protein when injected
      into Xenopus oocytes. The levels of ChAT activity expressed in injected oocytes
      are proportional, over 4 orders of magnitude difference, to the concentration of
      injected 'sense' orientation cRNA. GpppG capping of the in vitro synthesized cRNA
      is not necessary for expression of active ChAT but inclusion of the capping
      compound during in vitro transcription results in higher levels of enzyme
      expression at lower levels of cRNA injection. In addition the capped cRNA results
      in increasing ChAT expression by the oocytes up to 7 days after injection while
      uncapped cRNA results in maximum enzyme activity after a single day and
      decreasing levels of activity during subsequent days. A single immunologically
      detectable protein is produced by oocytes injected with 'sense' cRNA which has a
      molecular size of 75 kDa and is indistinguishable from the major form of ChAT
      present in Drosophila. Oocytes making enzymatically active ChAT also accumulate
      significant levels of acetylcholine. We conclude from these results that our our
      non-full length Drosophila ChAT cDNA clone contains all the necessary coding
      information to make a functional protein which appears to have the same size and
      activity as native Drosophila ChAT.

PMID- 3382937
TI  - Aluminum neurotoxicity: altered expression of cytoskeletal genes.
AB  - To better understand perturbations of the neuronal cytoskeleton that occur in
      several mammalian disorders, we have focused on an animal model in which
      neurofibrillary pathology follows the administration of aluminum salts. In
      susceptible species, the injection of aluminum produces accumulations of
      neurofilaments (NFs) in cell bodies and proximal axons of certain populations of
      neurons. Mechanisms involved in the production of these abnormalities are
      unclear; in particular, the role of gene expression in the genesis of this type
      of neurofibrillary pathology has not been examined. In this study of aluminum
      intoxicated rabbits, the expression of genes coding for several cytoskeletal
      proteins was studied in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG)--tissues
      with and without neurofibrillary pathology, respectively. In aluminum-treated
      rabbits, in situ hybridization using a cDNA probe demonstrated the presence of
      mRNA coding for the 68-kDa NF (NF-L) protein in spinal cord motor neurons with NF
      accumulations as well in unaffected neurons. On Northern blots, the expression of
      genes coding for the NF-L protein and tubulin was reduced by approximately 3.5
      fold and 3-fold, respectively, in spinal cords of aluminum-intoxicated rabbits as
      compared to controls. On blots, levels of actin mRNA were not significantly
      different in spinal cords of aluminum-treated rabbits as compared to controls,
      but there was a trend for a slight reduction. In DRG of intoxicated animals, the
      expression of genes coding for these cytoskeletal proteins was not altered.

PMID- 3382938
TI  - Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region of the nerve growth
      factor gene.
AB  - Molecular clones containing the NGF gene promoter regions and exons I were
      isolated from mouse and rat genomic libraries with synthetic oligonucleotide
      hybridization probes that corresponded to the 5' end of mouse submandibular gland
      NGF mRNA. The nucleotide sequences of the 5' flanking regions and exons I were
      determined and compared. There was 95% similarity in exons I and the adjacent
      promoter regions between mouse and rat sequences. Further upstream, the
      similarity decreased to 76%. Both mouse and rat promoter regions were only 33%
      similar to the presumptive human NGF gene promoter region. Upstream from the
      capsite of submandibular gland NGF mRNA as determined by an S1-nuclease
      protection assay, two promoter-like TATA-boxes were found at positions -28 and 
      49, resp., and two CAAT-like boxes at -379 and -546, resp. Both promoter regions
      contained a cluster of conserved CpG dinucleotide sequences in a GC-rich island
      whereas less conserved upstream regions contained only one CpG sequence. The
      promoter regions were fused to the human growth hormone gene reporter function.
      Transient expression in L929 cells yielded appropriate fusion mRNAs and secretion
      of hGH, demonstrating that the cloned promoters are functional.

PMID- 3382939
TI  - Chronic exposure to opiate agonists increases proenkephalin biosynthesis in NG108
      cells.
AB  - The neuroblastoma-glioma NG108 cell line has been shown to contain both a delta
      opiate receptor and enkephalin peptides. In this paper, the presence of authentic
      proenkephalin mRNA and proenkephalin-derived peptides are demonstrated. Growth of
      the cells in the presence of etorphine for 5-7 days resulted in a 3-fold increase
      of proenkephalin mRNA, which was accompanied by comparable increases in
      proenkephalin peptides and free enkephalin. The effect was mimicked by either
      morphine or [D-Ala2,D-Met5]enkephalinamide, and was blocked by naloxone. The EC50
      for the effect of etorphine was 10(-9) M. The cyclic AMP content of cells grown
      for 5 days in the presence of etorphine was the same as that of control cells.
      Forskolin treatment also increased the proenkephalin mRNA content of the cells:
      the effect was not additive with that of etorphine, suggesting that the effect of
      opiate agonists was not occurring through their inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
      The results suggest that proenkephalin synthesis in NG108 cells can be regulated
      by two different mechanisms, one involving cyclic AMP while the other, regulated
      by the opiate receptor, is yet to be determined.

PMID- 3382940
TI  - Expression of the proenkephalin gene in human neuroblastoma cell lines.
AB  - Several human tumour cell lines were screened for secretion of proenkephalin
      derived peptides with an antiserum directed to its N-terminus, Met-enkephalin
      Arg6,Phe7 and for proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides with an antiserum to beta
      endorphin. The neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cell line secreted Met-enkephalin-Arg6,Phe7
      immunoreactive peptides in relatively high amounts into the culture medium,
      although processing was not complete and there was no evidence for free Met
      enkephalin-Arg6,Phe7. Gene expression was confirmed by the presence of
      proenkephalin mRNA and proenkephalin-derived polypeptides in extracts of the SK-N
      MC cells and also in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. In the latter cells,
      however, the expression was approximately 3 times lower, there was less
      processing of proenkephalin and no evidence for secretion.

PMID- 3382941
TI  - Characterization of a neutral, divalent cation-sensitive endopeptidase: a
      possible role in neuropeptide processing.
AB  - A trypsin-like endopeptidase which cleaves the synthetic substrate Dansyl-Phe-Leu
      Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly-COOH (Dansyl-Phe-Kemptide) primarily at the Arg4-Ala5
      bond has been partially purified from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules, brain
      and liver. The enzyme appears to have a relatively homogeneous tissue
      distribution, although highest levels were found in brain regions such as the
      hippocampus and corpus striatum. Sucrose density gradient fractionation
      established that enzyme activity assayed at pH 8.5 is not associated with
      lysosomes. Purified enzyme displays a dimeric structure with subunit molecular
      weights of 40 kDa and 42 kDa and a native molecular weight of 85,000 Da. The
      endopeptidase has a neutral pH optimum, is sensitive to divalent cations and
      thiol reagents, and can cleave on either the amino or carboxyl side of some but
      not all internal basic amino acids.

PMID- 3382942
TI  - Proto-oncogene c-fos induction in rat hippocampus.
AB  - The apparently non-specific accumulation of c-fos proto-oncogene mRNA was found
      in rat hippocampus as a result of injection of either glutamate, noradrenaline,
      or physiological saline. There was no c-fos gene induction following an
      electroconvulsive shock.

PMID- 3382943
TI  - Variations in c-fos gene expression during rat brain development.
AB  - Expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene has been associated with mitosis or
      differentiation in a number of tissue culture model systems. We have studied the
      expression of this gene during in vivo brain development in the rat. Our results
      demonstrate that very low levels of c-fos mRNA are detectable during the period
      of development characterized by rapid mitosis, whereas much higher concentrations
      of c-fos mRNA are found in the brains of older neonatal animals and adults.
      Therefore, although c-fos could be participating in the regulation of mitosis
      during early postnatal development of the brain, it is also likely to play an
      important role in mature brain tissue.

PMID- 3382944
TI  - Integration of olfactory information in the Colorado potato beetle brain.
AB  - The processing of olfactory information in the Colorado potato beetle,
      Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, was studied by recording responses of olfactory
      neurones intracellularly in the deutocerebrum. Response characteristics of
      neurones in this first relay station of the olfactory pathway were measured when
      the antennae were stimulated with five general green leaf volatiles, i.e. cis-3
      hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and 1
      hexanol. These compounds are part of the so-called green odour of potato, whose
      defined composition is essential for the beetle's host plant finding. The
      response spectra of deutocerebral neurones can be divided roughly into two
      classes: one class containing neurones which are not very specific for the tested
      compounds, and another class with highly specialized neurones. Their different
      responses to a potato leaf extract suggest two channels for the processing of
      olfactory information in the antennal lobe: one channel for the detection of the
      presence of green leaf odour components, and another one for an evaluation of the
      component ratios.

PMID- 3382945
TI  - Analysis of reflex activity in cardiac sympathetic nerve induced by myelinated
      phrenic nerve afferents.
AB  - Electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve afferents evoked excitatory responses
      in the right inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve in chloralose-anaesthetized cats.
      The reflex was recorded in intact and spinal cats. The latency and threshold of
      the volley recorded from the phrenic nerve as well as of the cord dorsum
      potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve indicated that
      group III afferents were responsible for this reflex. The phrenicocardiac
      sympathetic reflex recorded in intact cats was followed by a silent period. The
      maximum amplitude of the reflex discharges was 800 microV, the latency was 83 ms
      and the central transmission time 53 ms. Duration of the silent period lasted up
      to 0.83 s. In spinal cats the reflex was recorded 5.5-8 h after spinalization.
      The maximum amplitude of the spinal reflex discharges ranged from 22 to 91 microV
      and the latency from 36 to 66 ms.

PMID- 3382946
TI  - Evidence that the substantia nigra is a component of the endogenous pain
      suppression system in the rat.
AB  - The present study sought to determine whether opiate receptors in the substantia
      nigra may mediate antinociception produced by systemic morphine. Bilateral
      intranigral microinjection of naloxone-HCl (0.3-10 micrograms) suppressed the
      antinociceptive effects of systemically administered morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg,
      s.c.) on the tail-flick and hot-plate tests in a dose-related manner. Injection
      of naloxone (3 micrograms) into the ventral tegmental area did not alter
      antinociception produced by systemic morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). These findings
      support the argument that the substantia nigra is an essential, and previously
      unrecognized, component of the endogenous pain suppression system.

PMID- 3382947
TI  - Effect of age and maturation on sudomotor nerve regeneration in mice.
AB  - This study demonstrates that regeneration of unmyelinated sudomotor axons in mice
      becomes progressively slower during aging. Identical lesions were made in mice
      aged 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 24 and 60 weeks. The peroneal, sural and saphenous nerves
      were cut and tied to prevent regeneration. The sciatic nerve was then frozen at
      the thigh, leaving the hind paw completely denervated. By 7 days, sweat glands
      (SGs) of the paw had ceased sweating after pilocarpine injection. Subsequent
      regeneration of sudomotor axons was judged by the rate of return of pilocarpine
      sensitivity. SGs in the hind paws of normal newborn mice did not sweat at birth.
      Cholinergic stimulation first activated sweating at 13 days of life. The number
      of responsive SGs increased progressively to reach the adult level by 30 days. In
      one-week-old mice, whose sciatic nerve had been sectioned, the SG response to
      cholinergic stimulation was very delayed in time and reduced in number. Sweat
      glands of young mice, between 2 and 4 weeks of age, regained cholinergic
      sensitivity at a faster rate than mature animals and attained normal SG counts.
      Throughout a broad intermediate range of age in adulthood (7-24 weeks), the rate
      of sudomotor nerve regeneration was the same, but in older mice (60 weeks) it was
      slower and less complete.

PMID- 3382948
TI  - Statistical evidence for non-random clustering of synaptic vesicles associated
      with filamentous interconnections.
AB  - Synaptic vesicles were found to be non-randomly distributed in the synaptic
      region of nerve terminals. This was visible as an abundance of tightly clustered
      groups of vesicles. Two or more vesicles were interconnected by filaments far
      more often than could be explained by chance alignment. These could play a major
      role in vesicular release.

PMID- 3382949
TI  - Neuroanatomical and biochemical evidence for the involvement of the area postrema
      in the regulation of vasopressin release in rats.
AB  - Studies were carried out in the rat to determine if the area postrema (AP), a
      medullary circumventricular organ, might be involved in the control of
      vasopressin (VP) release. The data from this study demonstrate the existence of
      direct neural connections between the AP and the hypothalamic VPergic neurons of
      the supraoptic nucleus (SON) as showed by the retrograde tracer horseradish
      peroxidase (HRP). Labeled neurons were observed in the AP following HRP
      injections into the SON. In addition, rats with AP lesions showed an impaired
      ability to conserve water and concentrate their urine in response to an
      hypertonic NaCl load. They, also, failed to maintain sodium retention and showed
      an attenuation of VP release during intracellular dehydration. These findings
      indicate that AP plays an important role in the regulation of VP release during
      changes in osmotic environment and suggest that this medullary circumventricular
      organ is a part of central circuitry subserving salt-water balance.

PMID- 3382950
TI  - Specificity-related suppression of responses to binary mixtures in olfactory
      receptors of the Colorado potato beetle.
AB  - Responses of antennal olfactory receptors of the Colorado potato beetle
      (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) to stimulation with 5 general green odour
      components, i.e. cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, trans
      2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol, were recorded extracellularly. Response spectra
      derived from these recordings cannot be classified into distinct reaction types.
      The spectra overlap in their sensitivity to individual stimuli, but there are
      differences in their degree of specialization with a gradual conversion from
      generalist to specialist receptors. Moreover, specialization is found to
      different stimuli. Receptor reactions to stimulation with binary mixtures of 3 of
      these compounds indicated that suppression of the response to one chemical by
      another is very common in olfactory receptor cells. The more a receptor is
      specialized, the stronger is this suppression. Suppression in narrowly tuned
      olfactory receptor neurones, therefore, is expected to play a fundamental role in
      the recognition of natural odour blends.

PMID- 3382951
TI  - The effect of L-dopa on in vivo dopamine release from nigrostriatal bundle
      neurons.
AB  - We have examined the impact of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) on the in vivo
      release of dopamine (DA) in rat striatum using carbon fiber voltammetry. L-DOPA
      caused a large increase in the DA released by nigrostriatal bundle stimulation.
      This was reduced by 94% in animals pretreated with intraventricular 6
      hydroxydopamine. We conclude that L-DOPA increases depolarization-induced DA
      release from DA neurons.

PMID- 3382952
TI  - Dual inhibitory action of FMRFamide on neurosecretory cells controlling egg
      laying behavior in the pond snail.
AB  - We describe here the electrophysiological characterization of a dual inhibitory
      action of FMRFamide (FMRFa, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) on the caudodorsal cells (CDCs)
      of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis: (i) a transient hyperpolarizing response (H
      response) and (ii) a suppression of the excitability of the cells, which lasted
      as long as the peptide was present. Both effects of FMRFa occurred in silent,
      excitable cells as well as discharging cells. The effects were reversible and
      dose-dependent in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-5) M. The H-response was not blocked
      by any of the antagonists to classical neurotransmitters that were tested. The
      reversal potential of the H-response was dependent on the [K+]o, which suggests
      that K+ is the major charge carrier in this response. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP)
      blocked the H-response but did not affect the suppression of the excitability by
      FMRFa. This indicates that the effects of the peptide on these cells are
      independent. Experiments on the mechanism of the inhibition of the excitability
      indicated that FMRFa blocks the cAMP-dependent activation of the pacemaking
      mechanism of the CDCs. In experiments with isolated cells it was demonstrated
      that the actions of FMRFa are mediated directly through receptors on CDCs (H
      response: ED50 = 10(-8) M). Finally, anti-FMRFa-positive varicosities and axons
      close to the somata, the axons and the neurohaemal endings of the CDCs were
      demonstrated immunocytochemically. The duality of the action of FMRFa on the
      neural activity of CDCs indicates its role of high priority in the regulation of
      egg laying behavior.

PMID- 3382953
TI  - Development of neuronal responses in cat posteromedial lateral suprasylvian
      visual cortex.
AB  - We studied the normal development of responses to visual stimulation among
      neurons in the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) visual cortex, an
      extrastriate visual cortical area in cats. Recordings were made from 495 single
      neurons in 19 kittens that were 2, 3, 4, 8, or 12 weeks of age, and the results
      were compared with those from normal adult cats. The percentage of neurons that
      respond to light increased from 57% in 2-week-old kittens to approximately adult
      values in 8-week-old kittens (81%). The strength and consistency of neuronal
      responses also increased with age. Nearly all of the responsive cells had well
      defined excitatory receptive-field centers, and the receptive-field center sizes
      were similar to adults at all ages studied. However, few cells (5%) had
      inhibitory receptive-field surrounds in 2-week-old kittens. The incidence of
      surround inhibition increased to adult levels (about 40% of the cells) by 8 weeks
      of age, and the strength of surround inhibition also increased with age. Most
      cells responded best to moving stimuli in 2-week-old kittens, just as in adults.
      However, only about 20% of the responsive cells were direction sensitive at 2
      weeks of age. The percentage of direction-sensitive cells increased gradually
      with age and reached approximately adult values by 8 weeks of age (74%). Once
      cells developed complete direction selectivity, with no response in the null
      direction, directional tuning width was similar to that in adults. When tested
      with slits of light flashed at various orientations or with spots and slits
      moving in various directions, few cells (8% or less) showed orientation
      selectivity at any age, just as in adults. Most of the cells were binocularly
      driven, and the ocular dominance distribution was similar to adults at all ages
      studied. These results indicate that many response properties of PMLS neurons are
      similar to those of adults as early as 2 weeks of age, soon after the time of eye
      opening. However, some properties show marked developmental changes. The
      mechanisms and sources of these changes are considered. In addition, the
      relevance of these results to mechanisms of compensation following early damage
      to visual cortical areas 17, 18 and 19 is discussed.

PMID- 3382954
TI  - Quantitative analysis of fetal rat brain neurons developing in primary cultures.
      I. Stereological study of the neuronal differentiation.
AB  - An ultrastructural stereological analysis was performed to analyze the
      morphological differentiation of primary cultures of fetal rat brain neurons,
      growing for two weeks in a serum-free medium. The number of neurons and of
      gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial cells was estimated by light
      microscopy counting in the culture wells. These cultures provided a quasi-pure
      neuronal population, since the number of GFAP-positive glial cells was found to
      be 1% (day 7) and 2% (day 14) respectively of the total number of cultured cells.
      Cell counts and the stereological measurements were related to the surface area
      of the culture well. The neuronal differentiation was characterized by an
      increase in the plasma membrane surface area (x9) and volume (x8) of neurites,
      contrasting with the decrease in the perikarya surface area and volume. These
      primary stereological data were combined with the number of neurons to obtain
      parameters characterizing an average neuron. The increase in membrane surface
      area of an average neuron was found to be a linear function of time, 29 micron 2
      and 445 micron 2 of new membrane being added per day of culture to perikarya and
      neurites respectively. The number of chemical synapses was also counted and
      compared to the changes in the plasma membrane surface area. After 7 days in
      vitro they increased in number more rapidly than the increase in the plasma
      membrane surface area of neurons.

PMID- 3382955
TI  - Quantitative analysis of rat brain neurons developing in primary cultures. II.
      Changes in the distribution of N-CAM associated to neuronal cell surfaces.
AB  - Cultured rat fetal brain cells underwent morphological differentiation, as
      quantitatively described in the companion paper. In the same system, biochemical
      and immunolabeling studies were performed to analyze the developmental changes in
      neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) distribution and quantity at the cell
      surface of neurons. The cell surface-associated N-CAM, related to the culture
      protein content, remained stable during the two-week period under study, as
      demonstrated by 125I-protein A binding assays. Immunogold labeling experiments,
      both in transmission and scanning electron microscopy, indicated a dramatic
      decrease in N-CAM site density in each membrane compartment, perikarya and
      neurites. This temporal variation of N-CAM distribution was not accompanied by
      differences in N-CAM site density between these two membrane compartments. On the
      other hand, individual perikarya, observed in scanning electron microscopy,
      showed various levels of labeling. In addition, immunoblot experiments
      demonstrated the absence of chemical modulation of N-CAM during the period under
      study, since the high molecular weight (embryonic) form remained dominant.
      Moreover, an increase in the total N-CAM amount was detected, contrasting with
      the stable quantity of cell surface-associated N-CAM. This suggested the
      existence of an N-CAM intracellular pool in cultured neurons. Finally, since the
      neurite membrane surface area increased 9-fold (companion paper) and since only a
      5-fold decrease in N-CAM site density was observed in this compartment, N-CAM
      supply to neurite membranes was postulated.

PMID- 3382956
TI  - Studies on the 240-kDa Con A-binding glycoprotein of rat cerebellum, a putative
      marker of synaptic junctions.
AB  - A Con A-binding glycoprotein of Mr 240,000 was isolated from the remaining
      residue of rat cerebella after sequential extraction with buffers supplemented
      with or without neutral detergents. It was further purified by affinity
      chromatography on Con A-Sepharose in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and
      preparative gel electrophoresis. This glycoprotein partially resists Triton X-100
      extraction and is soluble in N-lauryl sarcosinate. The 240-kDa glycoprotein was
      not detected in kidney, liver, heart, forebrain and was specifically seen in
      cerebellar homogenate. The isolated glycoprotein appears to be similar, not
      necessarily identical with the GPA--a synaptic junction 240-kDa Con A-binding
      glycoprotein isolated from cerebellum earlier (Groswald and Kelly, J. Neurochem.,
      42 (1984) 534-546). Monospecific antibodies obtained against the purified 240-kDa
      protein were used for developmental study in normal and hypothyroid rats. There
      was observed an increase in the amount of 240-kDa glycoprotein, dependent on the
      age of the rat and this rise was in correlation with the synapse formation in rat
      cerebellum. The amount of 240-kDa glycoprotein is considerably reduced in
      hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 3382957
TI  - Developmental factors related to abnormal cerebellar foliation induced by
      methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM).
AB  - Quantitation of mid-sagittal sections of the molecular layer, and both the
      external and internal granular layers between control and methylazoxymethanol
      acetate (MAM)-treated rats, at various stages of cerebellar development revealed
      a much smaller area of these layers in sagittal profile, however, the fiber core
      was not significantly affected by the drug. The expansion of the pial surface
      length was parallel to the length of the Purkinje cell layer, although comparison
      of a fissure index revealed hypofissuration in the experimental group. In
      histological examination, there was perforation, patching, and agenesis of the
      external granular layer. Mushroom expansion of the external granular layer
      occurred at patches producing a gyrating folial pattern rather than parallel
      ones. The number of lobules and their basic pattern remained normal. We conclude
      that the deficits in the external granular layer interrupted the growth force
      that produces the normal rostrocaudal organization of parallel coronal foliation
      and this resulted in shallow periodic fissuration along the sagittal extent.
      Fissurations forming lobules arose largely independent of the external granular
      layer by directed expansion of the central fiber core while normal parallel
      foliation is an elaboration of the lobular surface controlled by growth forces
      defined by both distribution of the external granular layer and the underlying
      fiber core with associated Purkinje cells.

PMID- 3382958
TI  - Developmental patterns of neurite outgrowth from chick embryo spinal cord and
      retinal neurons on laminin substrates.
AB  - It has been previously found that neurite outgrowth on collagen substrates
      decreases with increasing gestational age of chick embryo spinal cord and retinal
      neurons in tissue culture. In the current study, laminin, polylysine and collagen
      were compared in their efficacy in promoting neurite extension from chick embryo
      spinal cord neurons aged 6-16 days or retinal neurons aged 8-16 days in ovo. The
      percentage of neurons with neurites and the length of the neurites were
      determined at 1 and 3 days in culture. There was a significant increase in
      neuritogenesis by laminin and polylysine compared to collagen for both spinal
      cord and retinal neurons. Further, in spinal cord cultures grown on a laminin
      substrate, there was no decline in neurite outgrowth with increasing
      developmental age of the neurons as was seen on collagen and polylysine. Neurite
      length measurements also demonstrated a significant stimulation of neuritogenesis
      for spinal cord, but not retinal, neurons by laminin compared to polylysine or
      collagen in 1-day cultures. The results demonstrate tissue-specific differences
      in the developmental patterns of neurite outgrowth. Retinal neurons appear to
      have intrinsic changes in their ability to respond to extracellular promoting
      factors or substrates, while spinal cord neurite outgrowth can be regulated by
      these extrinsic factors.

PMID- 3382959
TI  - State-dependent recall can be induced by protein synthesis inhibition:
      behavioural and morphological observations.
AB  - The possibility that the amnesia induced by protein synthesis inhibition is state
      dependent was investigated. Chicks injected with the protein synthesis inhibitor
      anisomycin and then trained in a single-trial passive avoidance learning task
      showed no recall for the task when tested 6 h later in the absence of the drug.
      If, however, the same chicks were subsequently retested 30 min after a second
      administration of the drug they demonstrated clear recall for the task. Control
      groups showed that this effect was not the result of the administration of
      anisomycin per se but was due to state-dependent recall. Quantitative
      morphological characterisation of synapses in a region of the chick forebrain
      (the intermediate part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) previously
      shown to be involved in passive avoidance learning was performed. The
      characteristic increase in the length of the postsynaptic density in the left
      IMHV was only evident in chicks killed after the behavioural test in which they
      had demonstrated recall. No synaptic changes were observed in chicks in which
      state-dependent recall had been demonstrated in a previous test but which were
      killed after a test in which they appeared amnestic. These results suggest that a
      memory trace may be established even in the absence of protein synthesis but that
      this trace may not normally be accessible. It is also suggested that the synaptic
      changes observed following learning may be dependent on some aspect of the recall
      phenomenon.

PMID- 3382961
TI  - Effects of sex steroids on the development of the locus coeruleus in the rat.
AB  - The effects of postnatal (on day 1 (D1) after birth) male orchidectomy and female
      androgenization on the locus coeruleus (LC) are studied. Normal adult female rats
      show greater LC volume and cell number than males. Testosterone treatment of
      females on D1 eliminates these differences. However, D1 male orchidectomy does
      not affect either the volume or the number of cells.

PMID- 3382960
TI  - Endogenous immunoreactive glia maturation factor-like molecule in cultured rat
      Schwann cells.
AB  - Using the monoclonal antibody G2-09 raised against bovine glia maturation factor
      (GMF), we demonstrated that cultured rat Schwann cells and Schwannoma cells, but
      not their conditioned media, possessed endogenous GMF-like immunoreactivity. The
      presence of immunoreactive GMF correlated well with GMF bioactivity. The GMF-like
      factor in Schwann cells was characterized by immunodotting, immunofluorescence,
      immunoadsorption and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence confirmed the
      intracellular location of GMF. Immunoadsorption completely eliminated the GMF
      like bioactivity from the cell extracts. Immunoblotting identified a protein band
      with a molecular weight of 14,000. Thus, the evidence strongly supports the
      argument that the GMF-like factor in rat Schwann cells is identical with GMF from
      the bovine brain. The GMF-like molecule in Schwannoma cells showed properties
      similar to those in Schwann cells, but for unknown reasons was not detectable by
      immunofluorescence. The presence of GMF in cultured rat Schwann cells suggests
      that the factor may play a role in the peripheral nervous system.

PMID- 3382962
TI  - Developmental expression of proenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum and in striatal
      cultures.
AB  - Proenkephalin mRNA shows a biphasic developmental profile in rat striatum, with
      an initial peak at postnatal day 2, a decline to embryonic levels by day 7, and a
      second increase to adult levels over the course of the second to 4th week after
      birth. The same 4-fold increase is seen in cultured striatal neurons, over the
      same time course but without a biphasic response. Cultured fetal glia also
      contain proenkephalin mRNA.

PMID- 3382963
TI  - The development of orientation and direction selectivity in the rabbit visual
      cortex.
AB  - The postnatal development of orientation and direction selectivity of single
      cells was examined in the primary visual cortex of rabbits. The percentage of
      cells which were orientation-selective reached adult levels by day 30, whereas
      the proportion of cells which were direction-selective did not reach adult levels
      until day 60. Differences in the time course of development of orientation and
      direction selectivity, together with data previously reported on differences in
      the effects of deprivation on orientation and direction selectivity, suggest that
      (1) different mechanisms underly the organization of orientation and direction
      selectivity and (2) the critical periods for the effects of deprivation on
      orientation and direction selectivity reflect the different time course of the
      normal development of these two response properties.

PMID- 3382964
TI  - Computer-generated rotation analyses reveal a key three-dimensional feature of
      the nucleus of the solitary tract.
AB  - The dendritic processes of neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract are
      oriented in the horizontal plane and often extend unusually long distances along
      the long axis of the brainstem. This preferred orientation is not predictable
      from a knowledge of the cytoarchitectonic organization of their somata within the
      various subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Incoming peripheral
      afferent fibers, their collaterals and end-terminal ramifications are also
      oriented in the horizontal plane and are in alignment with the dendrites of
      second order neurons. These features enable single neurons to be influenced by a
      variety of widely distributed inputs that are related to vital autonomic
      functions and ingestional behavior.

PMID- 3382965
TI  - Sensory deafferentation fails to modify muscarinic receptor binding in raccoon
      somatosensory cortex.
AB  - The characteristics and distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor
      binding in primary somatosensory (SI) cortex and the caudate nucleus of raccoons
      were studied using [3H]-QNB, a muscarinic antagonist. The binding characteristics
      were similar to reported values in rat and cat. Autoradiographs produced from
      tissue sections labeled with [3H]-QNB showed the distribution of mACh receptors
      in the forebrain of the raccoon. [3H]-QNB binding was highest in cerebral cortex,
      neostriatum and hippocampus. Within SI cortex, binding was high in layers I-III
      and VI and relatively low in layers IV and V. Autoradiographs obtained from
      animals that had undergone peripheral deafferentation of part of the forepaw
      revealed no changes in [3H]-QNB binding in the affected cortical region during
      the time that physiological reorganization is known to occur.

PMID- 3382966
TI  - A calcium-activated, nonselective cationic conductance in Aplysia silent neurons.
AB  - We have previously reported the activation of a triphasic current response by
      calcium injection in voltage-clamped, nonbursting neurons of Aplysia californica.
      Present evidence indicates that the second phase, a delayed inward current that
      peaks 10-20 seconds after the end of the injection, is a calcium-activated,
      nonselective cationic conductance. It can be carried by both sodium and calcium,
      is not sensitive to chloride concentration changes, but is voltage sensitive,
      decreasing in amplitude with hyperpolarization.

PMID- 3382967
TI  - Design of an imaging spectrophotometer for use with voltage-sensitive and calcium
      indicator dyes.
AB  - This paper describes the design for an imaging spectrophotometer which is
      suitable for use with both fluorescence and absorbance probes and which has a
      bandwidth appropriate for the study of a wide range of biological phenomena.

PMID- 3382968
TI  - A GABAergic mechanism in the posterior hypothalamus modulates baroreflex
      bradycardia.
AB  - Several laboratories have shown that electrical stimulation in the posterior
      hypothalamus inhibits the baroreceptor reflex. However, the results of these
      studies are difficult to interpret since it is not known if the attenuation of
      the baroreflex results from activation of axons of passage or from stimulation of
      hypothalamic cell bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects
      of chemical stimulation of posterior hypothalamic neurons upon the baroreflex.
      Arterial baroreceptors were activated by increasing the pressure in an isolated
      carotid sinus in anesthetized cats and by an increased arterial pressure
      following intravenous injection of phenylephrine in both anesthetized cats and
      rats. The baroreceptor reflex was evaluated before and after a GABA antagonist
      (picrotoxin) was microinjected into the posterior hypothalamus. The bradycardia,
      but not the depressor response, elicited by increasing carotid sinus pressure was
      attenuated after unilateral microinjections of picrotoxin into the posterior
      hypothalamus. In addition, the heart rate response to a phenylephrine-evoked rise
      in arterial pressure was reduced after picrotoxin was microinjected in both the
      cats and the rats. Microinjection of a GABA agonist (muscimol) into the same
      hypothalamic site returned resting heart rate and arterial pressure to levels
      seen prior to picrotoxin. These results show that the depression of the
      bradycardia produced by hypothalamic stimulation results from activation of cell
      bodies in the posterior hypothalamus. This hypothalamic effect upon the
      baroreflex bradycardia may involve a GABAergic mechanism.

PMID- 3382970
TI  - Strain differences in the number and size of glomeruli in domestic fowl.
AB  - 1. An investigation was made into strain differences and the effect of the type
      of drinker on the number and size of glomeruli of Single Comb White Leghorn
      pullets. 2. The Dekalb XL strain had more glomeruli per kidney and per g of
      kidney than the Hyline W-36. The glomeruli of the Dekalb XL were smaller in
      circumference. There were no significant differences in the absolute or relative
      weights of the kidney. 3. The type of drinker, bell or trigger-cups, had no
      effect on the body weight or those kidney variables studied.

PMID- 3382969
TI  - Effects of the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP4 on growth and the gonadal steroid-
      and PMSG-induced release of LH in the prepubertal female rat.
AB  - We have examined the effect of DSP4 treatment on PMSG-induced ovulation. A marked
      attenuation of the stimulatory effects of PMSG (7.5 I.U.) by DSP4 was evidenced
      by the significantly lower number of corpora lutea present in the ovaries of
      those animals which ovulated compared to controls. In addition, ovarian weight
      was lower in the DSP4 group. In a further experiment, we examined the effect of
      DSP4 on the induction of an LH surge by progesterone (P) in estradiol benzoate
      (EB) primed rats. DSP4 administration 2 hours prior to P eliminated the LH surge
      seen in controls. In view of our previous observations that DSP4 can interact
      with opioid receptors, we attempted to block its inhibitory effect on PMSG and
      EB/P stimulations. Coinjection of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, only partially
      prevented the influence of DSP4. It seems likely, therefore, that opioid
      receptors are not involved in the inhibitory effects of DSP4 described here. In
      further experiments, we studied the effects of DSP4 on spontaneous sexual
      maturation in female rats. DSP4 was administered (50 mg/kg, IP) on either day 5,
      day 23, day 29, or both day 24 and day 26 of life. Growth was inhibited and
      vaginal opening (VO) was significantly delayed in all except the day 29 group.
      However, VO occurred at the same body weight as the controls. By the end of the
      experiment, hypothalamic noradrenaline levels were not significantly different
      between control and DSP4-treated animals. The lack of an effect of DSP4 on the
      progression to puberty may be due to sufficient recovery of the central
      noradrenergic systems during the time course of the experiments.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3382971
TI  - Ammonia production from uric acid and its absorption from the caecum of the
      cockerel.
AB  - 1. Experiments were done in vitro and in situ in the caeca to measure ammonia
      production from uric acid and its absorption. 2. When uric acid was introduced
      into a caecal sac containing mixed caecal micro-organisms 0.77 disappeared in 1
      h, with the concomitant appearance of ammonia. 3. Amounts of ammonia produced
      from added [15N] uric acid in the caeca in situ after 30 min and in caecal medium
      in vitro after 10 h, were 0.28 and 0.25 respectively of the added 15N. 4. About
      0.92 of the ammonia introduced into a caecal sac disappeared from the lumen fluid
      in 30 min. 5. It is concluded that ammonia is produced from uric acid by caecal
      micro-organisms and rapidly absorbed.

PMID- 3382972
TI  - Role of ovarian steroids in the control of moult induction in laying fowls.
AB  - 1. Thirty-five Warren SSL hens were selected on the basis of variation in
      moulting response following a force-moult at 81 weeks of age. Fourteen hens were
      from a group which returned to layers mash ad libitum from day 9, while 21 came
      from a group with dietary restriction prolonged to day 28. Blood samples were
      taken on days 23 and 36, and hormone concentrations were measured. Moulting was
      recorded on days 0, 11, 23, 36, 52 and 68. 2. Progesterone (P4) but not
      oestradiol (E2) inhibited moulting during egg laying and the sharp fall in P4
      concentration when laying ceased was a primary factor in the induction of
      moulting. 3. Thyroxine (T4) concentrations were closely correlated with all
      criteria of plumage renewal, but not with the onset of moulting. Although T4 was
      closely correlated with subsequent feather growth it is questionable whether T4
      is a primer of moult-induction independent of P4. 4. Feathers which were pulled
      out required 12 +/- 2 d to be replaced beyond the feather-papillae stage. For
      remiges this timing was similar regardless of whether hens were moulting or still
      laying. The timing was similar for remiges and body-feathers in moulting hens,
      but the reappearance of body-feathers in laying hens was slightly delayed.

PMID- 3382973
TI  - Influence of dietary electrolyte balance, source of added potassium and
      anticoccidial agents on the performance of male broilers.
AB  - 1. The performance of 1680 male broiler chickens was measured from one to 42 d of
      age. They were given diets with three (125, 165 and 205 mEq/kg) electrolyte
      balances (sodium + potassium - chloride), two sources of added potassium
      (carbonate or sulphate) and two anticoccidial agents (90 mg/kg of either monensin
      or lasalocid). 2. The dietary treatments had no significant effects on the growth
      performance of broiler chickens in the starter phase. 3. In the finisher phase,
      the chickens given the diets containing lasalocid utilised food less efficiently
      that those given the diets containing monensin. 4. There were significant
      interactions between dietary electrolyte balance and source of added potassium on
      body weight gains and food:gain ratios in the finisher phase. In diets with an
      electrolyte balance of 205 mEq/kg, the inclusion of potassium sulphate instead of
      potassium carbonate increased body weight gains by 3.4% and reduced food:gain
      ratios by 4.6%. 5. The body weight gains of chickens given the finisher diets
      containing lasalocid and added potassium carbonate were reduced by 2.6% compared
      to those of chickens given the diets containing monensin or added potassium
      sulphate. 6. The litter moisture content was higher in pens with chickens on the
      diets with an electrolyte balance of 205 mEq/kg than on the diets with either 125
      or 165 mEq/kg. Both lasalocid and potassium sulphate tended to increase the
      litter moisture content. 7. It may be concluded that the inclusion of 90 mg/kg of
      either monensin or lasalocid in broiler diets does not alter the balance of
      electrolytes required for optimum growth performance of broiler chickens.

PMID- 3382974
TI  - Depletion of glycogen reserves in fasting broiler chickens.
AB  - 1. Male broiler chickens were killed at various times up to 36 h after withdrawal
      of food; hepatic and muscle glycogen concentrations and pH were compared with
      those of control birds given continuous access to food and water. 2. Liver
      glycogen was reduced to negligible concentrations (less than 1 mg/g) within 6 h
      of food deprivation and the initial pH was elevated. 3. Withdrawal of food had no
      effect on glycogen concentrations in the m. pectoralis superficialis (PS) but
      reduced them in the m. biceps femoris (BF); the reduction was significant after
      12 h. Ultimate pH was elevated by fasting in the BF, but not the PS.

PMID- 3382975
TI  - Influence of dietary energy, nutrient density and environmental temperature on
      pullet performance in early lay.
AB  - 1. Alterations in dietary metabolisable energy (ME) concentration had a limited
      influence on food and nutrient intakes and egg mass output of hens in early lay
      kept at the prevailing air (10 degrees to 24 degrees C), cold (6 degrees to 16
      degrees C) or hot (25 degrees to 35 degrees C) temperatures. 2. Energy intakes
      were not improved by increasing the dietary concentrations of nutrients other
      than energy. 3. At prevailing air and cold temperatures all dietary ME-nutrient
      density combinations allowed hens to meet the recommended daily protein intake
      but only hens fed the most concentrated diets were able to meet this
      recommendation at hot temperatures. 4. Even the highest intakes of ME and protein
      achieved at hot temperatures failed to increase egg mass output to the values
      attained on any diet at cold temperatures.

PMID- 3382976
TI  - Enhancement of the adrenocortical response to metyrapone by L-dopa in the chicken
      (Gallus domesticus).
AB  - 1. Eight-week-old chickens were treated with a single intravenous injection of
      saline, L-dopa (20 mg/kg body weight), metyrapone (60 mg/kg) or a combined dose
      of L-dopa and metyrapone. Serum corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay
      at 30, 60 and 90 min after the treatment. 2. L-dopa did not alter the
      corticosterone concentration during the experiment, whereas metyrapone increased
      it at 60 and 90 min. 3. When L-dopa and metyrapone were given together there was
      a gradual increase in corticosterone and the hormone concentrations were
      significantly greater than control values at all times. 4. It was concluded that
      L-dopa is not a potent stimulator of adrenocortical cells in chickens, but it
      enhances the response to metyrapone. This may be achieved through the release of
      endogenous ACTH by stimulating central dopamine receptors.

PMID- 3382977
TI  - Egg-laying pattern of the semi-domesticated helmeted guinea fowl (Numida
      meleagris galeata).
AB  - 1. Studies on the egg laying pattern of the semi-domesticated helmeted guinea
      fowl showed that the birds laid eggs between 06.00 and 20.00 h local time (05.00
      to 19.00 h GMT). 2. More (67.9%) were laid in the evenings (15.00 to 20.00 h)
      than at any other period. 3. There were two distinct periods in the reproductive
      cycle: a breeding season which began in April and ended in September, and a
      resting or non-breeding period between October and March. 4. Sequence length was
      predominantly of 4 eggs and July was the month of peak egg production.

PMID- 3382978
TI  - Inheritance of the laced plumage pattern of the blue Andalusian bantam.
AB  - 1. Crosses between Blue Andalusian and Gold-Laced Wyandotte bantams were made in
      an effort to determine the inheritance of the black-laced blue plumage pattern of
      the former. 2. The laced phenotype of the Gold-Laced Wyandotte had been shown to
      depend upon homozygosity of the linkage of a eumelanin intensifier, melanotic
      (Ml), with a pattern gene (Pg) in the presence of eumelanin restrictor, columbian
      (Co), and the brown (eb) allele at the E-locus; whilst the Blue Andalusian is
      homozygous for the extended black (E) allele at the E-locus and heterozygous for
      the eumelanin dilution, blue (Bl). 3. All patterned fowl in the F2 generation
      were laced, indicating an absence of segregation at the Co, Ml and Pg loci, and
      therefore that the genotype of the laced plumage pattern of the Blue Andalusian
      is E/E Bl/bl+ Co/Co (Ml-Pg)/(Ml-Pg).

PMID- 3382979
TI  - Purification and some of the properties of alkaline phosphatase in guinea fowls
      (Numida meleagris galeata).
AB  - 1. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma of different strains of guinea
      fowls showed considerable variation both within and between sexes as well as
      within and between strains. 2. The enzymes from different strains of wild guinea
      fowls had different mobilities on disc polyacrylamide electrophoresis but each
      was characterised by a single band. 3. When the enzyme was purified 163-fold from
      the plasma of a domesticated grey breasted strain, both ion-exchange
      chromatography and gel-filtration purification steps yielded a single band of
      enzyme. 4. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 79,400 +/- 3,000 and was
      stable up to 60 degrees C at the optimum pH of 9.6. 5. Evidence is provided that
      guinea fowl alkaline phosphatase is a metalloenzyme.

PMID- 3382980
TI  - Effect of non-ionising radiation on body weight and growth of the gastro
      intestinal tract in broilers.
AB  - 1. The effect of time dose microwave radiation (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 s at a
      wave frequency of 2,450 MHz and a density of 406 mW/sq cm) on body weight and
      growth of the gastro-intestinal tract was studied in commercial broilers. 2. In
      general, the observed effects increased in a linear fashion with the microwave
      dose. 3. Birds exposed to 40 or 50 s were significantly heavier at 8 weeks than
      non-treated birds. 4. The microwave treatments caused an increase in weight and a
      decrease in length of the whole gastro-intestinal tract. 5. The regions of the
      gastro-intestinal tract were affected differently: the largest effects being
      recorded in the duodenum, small intestine and rectum.

PMID- 3382981
TI  - Broiler performance under high stocking densities.
AB  - 1. In two consecutive experiments a total of 4,780 broilers were reared at high
      stocking densities. 2. In experiment 1, the birds were housed at 10, 20, 30, 40
      or 50/m2 till 6 weeks. In experiment 2 densities of 20, 40 and 50/m2 were
      compared; the two higher densities were reduced to 30/m2 at either 3 or 5 weeks
      of age. 3. In the first experiment 6-week body weight was a curvilinear function
      of stocking density. Average food intake over the whole experimental period
      declined linearly with densities above 20/m2. 4. A slight but significant
      improvement in the efficiency of food utilisation was recorded from birds at high
      densities in the first experiment only. 5. Reducing the stocking density from 40
      or 50/m2 to 30/m2 at 3 weeks increased food consumption and body weight gain and
      led to a recovery in their body weight by 6 weeks. 6. No significant differences
      were observed in mortality as a result of high stocking densities in either
      experiment. 7. Profit margin per m2 increased almost linearly in experiment 1, by
      about 65 p for every bird/m2 increase in stocking density. 8. The implications
      for poultry welfare are briefly discussed.

PMID- 3382982
TI  - Growth and development of Bohemian geese (Anser anser).
AB  - 1. One hundred and twenty geese were slaughtered in groups of 10 at weekly
      intervals from 1-d-old until 71 d and also at 114 d and were subjected to carcase
      analysis. 2. The reduction in the proportion of low-value parts of the body in
      the period from the first to 114th d after hatching was 16.4 and 17.3% for males
      and females, respectively. 3. The relative proportion of weight of legs declined
      both with age and with body weight increase. It was described by a linear
      function in males and by a power function in females. 4. The relative proportion
      of wing weight increased from 1.2 and 1.3% on the first day after hatching in
      males and females, respectively, to 16.6% at the age of 50 d, and 15.2% at the
      age of 43 d in males and females, respectively.

PMID- 3382984
TI  - Partitioning of the response to protein between egg number and egg weight.
AB  - 1. Data from published trials with laying hens were examined to see whether the
      concentration of dietary protein needed to achieve maximum egg weight was greater
      than the amount needed to achieve maximum rate of lay. 2. It is concluded that
      both rate of lay and egg weight continue to show small responses up to the same
      level of protein (or limiting amino acid) input. 3. When predicting egg output
      using asymptotic models, a reasonable assumption is that small increments in
      dietary protein, close to the optimum, will evoke equal proportional responses in
      egg size and in rate of lay. 4. When protein supply is severely limiting, the
      major response is a reduction in rate of lay. Egg weight seldom falls below 0.90
      of its maximum value, however inadequate the protein intake may be.

PMID- 3382983
TI  - Maintenance energy requirements of laying hens: a comparison of measurements made
      by two methods based on indirect calorimetry.
AB  - 1. The aims of this study were to compare maintenance metabolisable energy
      requirement estimates obtained in laying hens by two methods of respiration
      calorimetry, to investigate the changes in the heat production and energy
      retention of laying hens associated with temporarily reduced energy intake and to
      demonstrate the errors caused by using inappropriate values of net efficiency of
      energy utilisation (k) when extrapolating to maintenance energy requirement from
      a range of energy retention values. 2. One of the methods used regression of a
      range of energy retentions on energy intakes, followed by interpolation of zero
      energy retention; the other method employed extrapolation to zero energy
      retention from a single level of energy intake and retention. 3. Maintenance
      energy requirements derived from the two methods were similar. There was no
      indication that repeated temporary reduction of energy intake for the regression
      method gave a reduced value for maintenance energy requirement. The main
      potential advantage of the single-point method is therefore rapidity. 4. The
      single-point method relies for accuracy either on fixing an energy intake near
      the expected maintenance or on having a very accurate value for k. For example,
      the error attributable to using an assumed net efficiency (k) value of 0.7 when
      the true value was 0.8 was shown to vary between 0 if energy retention was
      measured at the equilibrium point and about 70 kJ/kgW0.75 d, or +15%, if energy
      retention was measured in the fasted state. 5. Stability of heat production and
      energy intake was approached after 2 d of reduced energy intake.

PMID- 3382985
TI  - Computer applications in nucleic acids and protein research.

PMID- 3382986
TI  - Optimal alignments in linear space.
AB  - Space, not time, is often the limiting factor when computing optimal sequence
      alignments, and a number of recent papers in the biology literature have proposed
      space-saving strategies. However, a 1975 computer science paper by Hirschberg
      presented a method that is superior to the new proposals, both in theory and in
      practice. The goal of this paper is to give Hirschberg's idea the visibility it
      deserves by developing a linear-space version of Gotoh's algorithm, which
      accommodates affine gap penalties. A portable C-software package implementing
      this algorithm is available on the BIONET free of charge.

PMID- 3382987
TI  - The translation of DNA primary base sequence into three-dimensional structure.
AB  - A procedure is outlined to obtain a reliable computer-generated representation of
      the DNA duplex from its primary sequence of base pairs. The calculations are
      based on the potential energies of interaction of adjacent side groups. The
      methods are, however, completely general and can be adapted to any set of base
      sequence dependent conformational rules. Static representations of the DNA are
      compared with the distributions of conformations obtained from Monte Carlo
      simulation studies. Direct matrix generator calculations of the average
      (equilibrium) extension and orientation of various sequences and numerical
      estimates of the flexibility of the chains as a whole are also reported. The
      methods are applied to three short fragments of kinetoplast DNA from Crithidia
      fasciculata which exhibit dramatically different behavior on non-denaturing
      polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 3382988
TI  - A secondary and tertiary structure editor for nucleic acids.
AB  - A major difficulty in the evaluation of secondary and tertiary structures of
      nucleic acids is the lack of convenient methods for their construction and
      representation. As a first step in a study of the symbolic representation of
      biopolymers, we report the development of a structure editor written in Pascal,
      permitting model construction on the screen of a personal computer. The program
      calculates energies for helical regions, allows user-defined helices and displays
      the secondary structure of a nucleic acid based on a user-selected set of
      helices. Screen and printer outputs can be in the form of a backbone or the
      letters of the primary sequence. The molecule can then be displayed in a format
      which simulates its three-dimensional structure. Using appropriate glasses, the
      molecule can be viewed on the screen in three dimensions. Other options include
      the manipulation of helices and single-stranded regions which results in changes
      in the spatial relationship between different regions of the molecule. The editor
      requires an IBM or compatible PC, 640 kbyte memory and a medium or high
      resolution graphics card.

PMID- 3382989
TI  - AUGUR: a program to predict, display and analyze the tertiary structure of B-DNA.
AB  - AUGUR is a program to predict, display and analyze the three-dimensional
      structure of B-DNA. The user can choose one of six models to predict the helical
      parameters of a given sequence. These parameters are then used to generate the
      coordinates of the DNA model in three-dimensional space (trajectory). The
      trajectory can be displayed and rotated on a graphics terminal. The trajectory
      and helical parameters can also be searched for bends and structural homologues.

PMID- 3382990
TI  - Reiterative RNA folding and occupancy rate analysis for mRNA modelling.
AB  - We describe computer programs that predict the most energetically favorable
      secondary structures in growing RNA sequences, generate a sequential display of
      the growing structures, and monitor the predicted participation of intramolecular
      sites in secondary structure. These programs may provide insight into the
      relationships between messenger RNA secondary structure and expressibility.

PMID- 3382991
TI  - PARA-SITE: a computer algorithm for rapidly analyzing the physical-chemical
      properties of amino acid sequences at sites of co- and post-translational protein
      processing.
AB  - A new algorithm is presented which can be used to examine the physical-chemical
      properties of amino acids at sites of co- or post-translational processing. This
      algorithm has been incorporated into a computer program known as PARA-SITE.
      Thirty different parameters can be studied for amino acids which occupy
      comparable positions in naturally occurring proteins. PARA-SITE should aid in the
      design and interpretation of protein engineering experiments which seek to
      dissect structure/activity relationships.

PMID- 3382992
TI  - An integrated family of amino acid sequence analysis programs.
AB  - During the last years abundant sequence data has become available due to the
      rapid progress in protein and DNA sequencing techniques. The exact three
      dimensional structures, however, are available only for a fraction of proteins
      with known sequences. For many purposes the primary amino acid sequence of a
      protein can be directly used to predict important structural parameters. However,
      mathematical presentation of the calculated values often makes interpretation
      difficult, especially if many proteins must be analysed and compared. Here we
      introduce a broad-based, user-defined analysis of amino acid sequence
      information. The program package is based on published algorithms and is designed
      to access standard protein data bases, calculate hydropathy, surface probability
      and flexibility values and perform secondary structure predictions. The data
      output is in an 'easy-to-read' graphic format and several parameters can be
      superimposed within a single plot in order to simplify data interpretations.
      Additionally, this package includes a novel algorithm for the prediction of
      potential antigenic sites. Thus the software package presented here offers a
      powerful means of analysing an amino acid sequence for the purpose of
      structure/function studies as well as antigenic site analyses. These algorithms
      were written to function in context with the UWGCG (University of Wisconsin
      Genetics Computer Group) program collection, and are now distributed within that
      package.

PMID- 3382993
TI  - Locating alignments with k differences for nucleotide and amino acid sequences.
AB  - Given two sequences, a pattern of length m, a text of length n and a positive
      integer k, we give two algorithms. The first finds all occurrences of the pattern
      in the text as long as these do not differ from each other by more than k
      differences. It runs in O(nk) time. The second algorithm finds all subsequence
      alignments between the pattern and the test with at most k differences. This
      algorithm runs in O(nmk) time, is very simple and easy to program.

PMID- 3382994
TI  - Microcomputer-based three-dimensional stereoscopic macromolecular graphics
      display.
AB  - Software which permits an IBM AT and two IBM Professional Graphics Displays to be
      used to display high-quality three-dimensional space-filling stereoscopic images
      of macromolecules is described. Stereo image pairs generated on two screens are
      visually fused using a simple mirror system to provide binocular depth
      perception. Images are colored to identify atomic type, residue type, charge or
      hydrophobicity according to user-specified codes and can be rotated and rescaled.
      Macromolecules containing over 16,000 atoms can be rapidly drawn using Brookhaven
      Protein Data Bank or user-supplied coordinates.

PMID- 3382996
TI  - Computer video acquisition and analysis system for biological data.
AB  - The BIAS (Biological Image Analysis System) was developed to: (i) permit accurate
      entry and image processing of biological data; (ii) minimize the need for
      specialized hardware; and (iii) aid in the human genome mapping and other
      projects. The first mouse/cursor key-driven module was designed to be user
      interactive and readily accessible to many laboratories. It contains the DRSNDS
      programs which automate the entering of data in a systematic format. The types of
      data that can be entered utilizing this module are DNA-RNA gels from either a
      positive or negative Polaroid image, autoradiograms or biotinylated images from
      Southern, Northern and dot or slot blot hybridization analyses. The image is
      acquired using a video camera and then digitized for subsequent analysis. During
      the analysis graphical representations of the intermediate results are provided
      to assure user confidence. At any point within the program the user may obtain on
      line help with the current task. The output displays the mol. wt of each
      individual component in the appropriate context. The present version of the
      program produces results comparable with a human interpreter for some data. Band
      shifting and optical density calculations are in a prototype form to permit
      evaluation of various techniques. Future work is directed at expanding the
      system's capabilities to interpret data from other biological analyses including
      DNA sequencing gels.

PMID- 3382995
TI  - The Annotator's Assistant: an expert system for direct submission of genetic
      sequence data.
AB  - As DNA sequencing technology improves and more rapid techniques become routine in
      molecular biology labs, researchers need to expedite the incorporation of
      information into genetic sequence databases, such as GenBank, by directly
      submitting sequence data. The Annotator's Assistant is an expert system that runs
      on an IBM PC and helps the molecular biologist, who may have little knowledge of
      the structure or content of a GenBank entry, to construct a complete and valid
      sequence submission file. This expert system uses a simple molecular biology
      knowledge base and a selection of customized screen entry forms to guide the user
      through the entry and annotation of a sequence and its biological features. The
      system compiles information about the contributor, journal references, physical
      and functional characteristics of the nucleic acid, source organism and features,
      and checks it to eliminate incomplete answers and simple errors. Users supply
      input by answering direct and multiple-choice questions, selecting menu items and
      completing entry forms; on-line help is available. Users may also enter new or
      unusual information using generic forms. Several modules of the expert system
      were converted into Prolog programs and compiled, decreasing the running time
      significantly. The expert system rules and the data entry forms are easy to
      modify, update and customize for specific sequence classes.

PMID- 3382997
TI  - Version 5 of the Mount-Conrad-Myers Sequence Analysis Software Package now
      available.

PMID- 3382998
TI  - A complete, yet flexible, system for DNA/protein sequence analysis using VAX/VMS
      computers.

PMID- 3382999
TI  - Alignment of multiple DNA and protein sequence data.

PMID- 3383000
TI  - The DNA rodent: a portable hand held DNA sequence reader.

PMID- 3383001
TI  - Enhancement of DNA sequence computer programs by using digitized voice output.

PMID- 3383002
TI  - Definition and identification of homology domains.
AB  - A method is described for identifying and evaluating regions of significant
      similarity between two sequences. The notion of a 'homology domain' is employed
      which defines the boundaries of a region of sequence homology containing no
      insertions or deletions. The relative significance of different potential
      homology domains is evaluated using a non-linear similarity score related to the
      probability of finding the observed level of similarity in the region by chance.
      The sensitivity of the method is demonstrated by simulating the evolution of
      homology domains and applying the method to their detection. Several examples of
      the use of homology domain identification are given.

PMID- 3383003
TI  - A software tool for finding locally optimal alignments in protein and nucleic
      acid sequences.
AB  - We describe software for aligning protein or nucleic acid sequences based on the
      concept of match density. This method is especially useful for locating regions
      of short similarity between two longer sequences which may be largely dissimilar
      (e.g. locating active site regions in distantly related proteins). Our software
      is able to identify biologically interesting similarities between two sub-regions
      because it allows the user to control the matching parameters and the manner in
      which local alignments are selected for display. Furthermore, the collection and
      ranking of alignments for display uses a novel, highly efficient algorithm. We
      illustrate these features with several examples. In addition, we show that this
      tool can be used to find a new conserved sequence in several viral DNA
      polymerases, which, we suggest, occurs at a functionally important enzymatic
      site.

PMID- 3383004
TI  - Profile scanning for three-dimensional structural patterns in protein sequences.
AB  - Profile analysis measures the similarity between a target sequence and a group of
      aligned sequences (the probe). The probe sequences are used to produce a position
      specific scoring table (the profile) that can be aligned with any sequence (the
      target) using standard dynamic programming methods. We are developing a library
      of profiles, each describing a different structural motif. This allows any target
      sequence to be rapidly scanned for the presence of structural motifs. Levels of
      significance for the comparison of target sequences with the profile are
      determined in advance, permitting an objective decision to be made as to whether
      a protein is likely to possess a structural motif.

PMID- 3383005
TI  - The significance of protein sequence similarities.
AB  - A general method of assessing the significance of scored best local alignments,
      particularly suited to protein sequence comparisons, is described. The method
      establishes the parameters describing the distribution of the best results from
      any search program, provided that the set is sufficiently large and the majority
      of the alignments arise from unrelated sequences. The expected frequency of
      occurrence of any score can then be calculated, together with the number of
      standard deviations above expectation. These provide sensible measures of
      significance without additional search operations. However the biological
      significance of any alignment or set of alignments does not solely depend on the
      improbability of the alignment, but on all relevant factors known to the
      biologist.

PMID- 3383006
TI  - A fixed-point alignment technique for detection of recurrent and common sequence
      motifs associated with biological features.
AB  - A fixed-point alignment analysis technique is presented which is designed to
      locate common sequence motifs in collections of proteins or nucleic acids.
      Initially a program aligns a collection of sequences by a common sequence pattern
      or known biological feature. The common pattern or feature (fixed-point) may be a
      user-specified sequence string or a known sequence position like mRNA start site,
      which may be taken directly from the annotated feature table of GenBank. Once all
      alignment markers are located, the sequences are scanned for occurrences of given
      oligomers within a specified span both upstream and downstream of the fixed
      point. The occurrences may then be plotted as a function of the position relative
      to the fixed-point, displayed as an actual sequence alignment or selectively
      summarized via various program options. Applications of the technique are
      discussed.

PMID- 3383008
TI  - Certification.

PMID- 3383007
TI  - Women and heart disease--why be concerned? We can make a difference!

PMID- 3383009
TI  - Malignant hyperthermia--a review.

PMID- 3383010
TI  - The nurse's ethical guide to placebo giving.

PMID- 3383011
TI  - The Medical Information Bus. An automated method for capturing patient data at
      the bedside.

PMID- 3383012
TI  - Development of an instrument to assess attitudes toward computing in nursing.

PMID- 3383013
TI  - Use of computer simulation for registered nurses.

PMID- 3383014
TI  - Lysophosphatidylcholine metabolism and cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - The ability of exogenous lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to produce
      electrophysiological abnormalities in cardiac tissues and cardiac arrhythmias in
      isolated hearts has been well documented. In this study, the arrhythmogenic
      nature of LPC in the rat, rabbit, and guinea pig hearts was studied. The rat
      heart was found to be the most susceptible to LPC-induced arrhythmias, while the
      guinea pig heart was the least susceptible. Perfusion with labelled LPC revealed
      that the severity of arrhythmias correlates well with the amount of labelled LPC
      found in the microsomal membrane. The biochemical basis for the differences in
      the accumulation of LPC in the microsomal membrane of different animal species
      was investigated. Our results strongly indicate that the LPC level in the
      microsomal membrane may be regulated by the activity of microsomal
      lysophospholipase.

PMID- 3383015
TI  - Bethanidine increased Na+ and Ca2+ currents and caused a positive inotropic
      effect in heart cells.
AB  - The effects of bethanidine sulphate, a pharmacological analog of the cardiac
      antibrillatory drug, bretylium tosylate, were studied on action potentials (APs)
      and K+, Na+, and Ca2+ currents of single cultured embryonic chick heart cells
      using the whole-cell current clamp and voltage clamp technique. Extracellular
      application of bethanidine (3 X 10(-4) M) increased the overshoot and the
      duration of the APs and greatly decreased the outward K+ current (IK) and
      potentiated the inward fast Na+ currents (INa) and the inward slow calcium
      current (ICa). However, intracellular introduction of bethanidine (10(-4) M)
      blocked INa. In isolated atria of rat, bethanidine increased the force of
      contraction in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that when applied
      extracellularly, bethanidine exerts a potentiating effect on the myocardial fast
      Na+ current and slow Ca2+ current and an inhibitory effect of IK. The positive
      inotropic effect of bethanidine could be due, at least in part, to an increase of
      Ca2+ influx via the slow Ca2+ channel and the Na-Ca exchange. It is suggested
      that the decrease of IK by bethanidine may account for its antifibrillatory
      action.

PMID- 3383016
TI  - Adipose tissue glyceride synthesis in patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia.
AB  - Adipose tissue was obtained at thoracotomy in five control patients with valvular
      heart disease, all of whom were free of coronary artery disease and all of whom
      were normolipidemic with normal low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B levels,
      and eight patients with coronary artery disease, all of whom had
      hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. In both groups, the rates at which linoleic acid and
      palmitic acid were incorporated into diglyceride and triglyceride were determined
      in vitro. The data indicate that fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue
      glycerides was twice as rapid in controls as in patients with
      hyperapobetalipoproteinemia. By contrast there was no difference between the
      groups in the rate of net lipolysis of adipocyte glyceride. The data at hand do
      not establish the mechanism responsible for the difference in synthesis between
      normal subjects and patients with hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, but this may
      explain the delayed chylomicron triglyceride clearance previously observed in the
      disorder.

PMID- 3383017
TI  - Sodium and guanine nucleotide regulation of dopamine receptor agonist and
      antagonist binding sites in MtTW15 pituitary tumors.
AB  - The modulation of the dopamine receptor in MtTW15 tumors was investigated. The
      antagonist dopaminergic binding site in MtTW15 tumors labelled with [3H]spiperone
      remains unchanged at 25 degrees C in the presence or absence of sodium or guanine
      nucleotides (Gpp(NH)p); by contrast at 37 degrees C sodium increases the affinity
      while Gpp(NH)p decreases it slightly. The dopamine receptor in this tumor, such
      as the intact adenohypophysis, exists in a high and low affinity state for
      dopamine agonists. These agonist affinity states evaluated with apomorphine
      competition for [3H]spiperone binding show similar affinities as those of intact
      tissue but have a lower proportion of the high affinity state. At 25 degrees C, a
      partial conversion of the high into the low affinity state is obtained in the
      presence of both sodium and Gpp(NH)p, while at 37 degrees C a complete conversion
      is observed. These data show differences in the modulation of antagonist and
      agonist dopaminergic binding sites in MtTW15 pituitary tumors compared with the
      intact pituitary.

PMID- 3383018
TI  - The nursing challenge--a catatonic client.

PMID- 3383019
TI  - Criminalization of the mentally ill.

PMID- 3383020
TI  - Entering the native circle as a registered psychiatric nurse.

PMID- 3383021
TI  - Cerebral metastases from malignant melanoma.
AB  - Six hundred and fifty-two patients with histologically proven primary malignant
      melanoma have been followed by the London Regional Cancer Centre from 1960 to
      1985. Neurological signs and symptoms secondary to metastases to the brain
      developed in fifty-five patients (8.4%). The median age was 49 years; 71% were
      male and 29% female. Multiple lesions were found in 61% and a single metastasis
      in 39%. The most common site for the primary lesion was the trunk in males (44%)
      and the lower limb in females (37%). Six month survival for patients with a
      single metastasis was 58% if surgical excision was possible and 25% of these
      patients survived greater than two years. In patients with multiple metastases
      that received radiotherapy, survival times of greater than six months were found
      in 12% of the patients. Patients with a single metastasis appear to benefit by
      being managed by surgical removal of the lesion.

PMID- 3383022
TI  - Hypomelanosis of Ito. Neurological complications in 34 cases.
AB  - We studied 34 Spanish children with hypomelanosis of Ito. This disease has an
      incidence of 1 per 1000 new patients consulting a paediatric neurological
      service, or 1 per 8000-10,000 unselected patients in a children's hospital. About
      94% of our patients show noncutaneous abnormalities. Mental retardation (IQ below
      70) was present in 64.7%; another 14.7% had an IQ between 70 and 90, usually
      associated with poor school performance. Four children exhibited autistic
      behaviour. Seizures of various types were present in 53% of cases. Other skin
      alterations in addition to the typical hypomelanosis were observed in 38% of our
      cases: cafe-au-lait spots, angiomatous nevi, nevus marmorata, nevus of Ota,
      Mongolian blue spot, heterochromia of the iris or hair, and other nonspecific
      pigmentations. Other associated disorders occur inconsistently and include
      macrocephaly, microcephaly, hemihypertrophy, kyphoscoliosis, coarse facial
      features, genital anomalies, inguinal hernia, congenital heart disease,
      hypertelorism, and abnormalities of the teeth, feet and eyes. Autosomal dominant
      inheritance is demonstrated in some but not all cases.

PMID- 3383024
TI  - Late progression of post-encephalitic Parkinson's syndrome.
AB  - We have studied 11 patients with neurological deficits due to the pandemic of
      encephalitis lethargica, all of whom had remained in hospital for more than forty
      years. Retrospective information obtained from physicians and nurses dating back
      as far as 1931, our own Webster and Northwestern University Disability Rating
      Scales available from 1976, photographic records, published narrative and
      hospital charts all indicate that neurological disabilities attributable to basal
      ganglia damage frequently increase in late life. Deterioration was most marked in
      motor function and largely spared the intellect, special senses and somatosensory
      system. The findings are discussed in relation to current hypotheses concerning
      the aetiology of Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 3383023
TI  - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations with associated arterial aneurysms:
      hemodynamic and therapeutic considerations.
AB  - The common vascular anomalies of cerebral aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation
      may exist independently, or together as part of a closely related hemodynamic
      pairing. Resection or embolization of an AVM may be followed by a decrease in
      local blood flow, and lead to regression of a suitably situated proximal
      aneurysm. However, aneurysms located outside the angioarchitecture of the AVM,
      which remain flow-unrelated to the malformation, will likely not regress, and may
      in fact enlarge. Two cases are presented which demonstrate these vascular
      relationships, in order to better understand the regional hemodynamics of these
      anomalies prior to surgical or endovascular treatment planning.

PMID- 3383025
TI  - Parental age and birth order in Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study in the
      Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean area (Quebec, Canada).
AB  - Parental age at the time of birth of 133 clinically diagnosed Alzheimer patients
      from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean area (Quebec, Canada) were compared with those of 6
      control groups formed out a population registry. The birth order of the Alzheimer
      patients was also analyzed. The results did not show any parental age or birth
      order effect, which is in agreement with previous reports. The importance of
      control selection in such studies is stressed.

PMID- 3383026
TI  - Familial Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - A family with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) inherited as an apparent
      autosomal dominant trait is presented. Twelve individuals (6 females; 6 males) in
      4 generations were affected. The disease had its onset in the late 30's, early
      40's with death by age 50. Although FAD which appears to be transmitted as an
      autosomal dominant trait is relatively rare, such families must be identified and
      carefully counselled with respect to recurrence risks for subsequent generations.
      In this family, there are currently 20 members of Generation IV, aged 15-37, and
      9 members of Generation V, aged 1-11. The majority of these individuals appear to
      have a 50% risk for developing this disease.

PMID- 3383027
TI  - Calcification in a recent cerebral infarct--radiologic and pathologic
      correlation.
AB  - This 60 year old male developed a right hemiplegia and aphasia. A C.T. head scan
      showed a cerebral infarct which appeared hyperdense on a subsequent scan done 18
      days after presentation. This was interpreted as indicating a hemorrhagic
      transformation resulting in discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy. At
      autopsy, the area of infarction in the left frontoparietal hemisphere appeared
      intensely green due to breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in the presence of
      jaundice. A striking finding on microscopy was the presence of calcium salts
      throughout the area of infarction but most prominent in the grey matter at the
      periphery of the infarct corresponding to the areas which appeared hyperdense on
      the CT head scan and stained intensely with bilirubin. There was no evidence of
      recent hemorrhage. This case illustrates that calcification can occur within
      weeks after the onset of a recent cerebral infarct and should be considered when
      interpreting the development of C.T. scan hyperdensity in recent cerebral
      infarcts.

PMID- 3383028
TI  - The predictive and diagnostic value of simple reaction time and movement time in
      normal pressure hydrocephalus.

PMID- 3383029
TI  - Canadian Association Neuropathologists: abstracts of papers presented at the 27th
      annual meeting. October 8-10, 1987. Victoria, British Columbia.

PMID- 3383030
TI  - XXIIIrd Canadian Congress of Neurological Sciences. Quebec City, Quebec, June 14
      18, 1988. Preliminary program and abstracts.

PMID- 3383031
TI  - Loxoscelism in Canada.

PMID- 3383032
TI  - Tenfold errors in drug dosage.

PMID- 3383033
TI  - Fractures among postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3383034
TI  - Maintaining remission of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 3383035
TI  - Risks and benefits of elective hip replacement in the octogenarian.

PMID- 3383036
TI  - The irritable bowel syndrome.

PMID- 3383037
TI  - The widening gulf between medicine and the law.

PMID- 3383038
TI  - Predicting problems in school performance from preschool health, developmental
      and behavioural assessments.
AB  - To determine the accuracy of various predictors of school problems, we conducted
      a 3-year prospective study of 1999 children who began school in the Niagara
      region of Ontario in 1980. During the year before school entry the parents gave a
      health, developmental and behavioural history during an interview with a
      community health nurse, and the children underwent vision and hearing screening
      tests and the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). At the end of the 1980
      81 school year the kindergarten teachers rated the children's learning problems.
      At the end of the 1982-83 school year the presence of school problems was
      ascertained, and the predictive accuracy of items from the preschool history and
      examination and of the kindergarten teachers' ratings was calculated. The health,
      developmental and behavioural history with or without the DDST was found to
      predict later school problems with acceptable accuracy. The kindergarten
      teachers' ratings gave slightly more accurate predictions. We conclude that in
      communities where prompt diagnostic evaluation and effective therapeutic or
      preventive help can be provided to children identified as being at high risk,
      health professionals may play a useful role in screening for future school
      problems.

PMID- 3383039
TI  - Maternal mortality in British Columbia in 1971-86.
AB  - We reviewed the 56 maternal deaths in British Columbia in 1971-78 and 1979-86
      identified through the provincial Ministry of Health and compared the findings
      with data for the two preceding 8-year periods. The maternal death rate, defined
      as the number of deaths directly or indirectly related to pregnancy or delivery
      per 100,000 live births, decreased from 42 in 1955-62 to 5 in 1979-86. In the
      same interval the number of direct obstetric deaths decreased from 100 to 10 and
      the number of indirect deaths from 29 to 8. The number of deaths due to abortion
      decreased from 32 to 1. There was no change in the number of deaths among North
      American Indians. There was also no change in the number of deaths due to
      hypertension, most of which were avoidable; these findings have stimulated
      intensive teaching efforts to increase recognition and improve management of the
      problem. Review of maternal deaths can help identify deficiencies in the quality
      of care and can direct measures aimed at further reducing the maternal death
      rate.

PMID- 3383041
TI  - Laetiporus sulphureus causing visual hallucinations and ataxia in a child.

PMID- 3383040
TI  - [Tuberculin reactors among refugee status claimants newly arrived in Canada].
AB  - A large number of new cases of tuberculosis are reported among immigrants to
      Canada every year. For public health purposes immigration policy requires that
      all immigrants undergo chest radiography and that those found to be infectious
      receive treatment and follow-up. Since 1984 the clinique Sante-Accueil of the
      departement de Sante communautaire, hopital Saint-Luc, Montreal, has participated
      in the screening of immigrants arriving in Quebec who claim refugee status. We
      undertook a descriptive study to determine the prevalence of tuberculous
      infection in this population. Of 865 tuberculin tests administered and read, 329
      (38%) produced reactions 10 mm or more in diameter. The proportion of positive
      reactions was higher among older immigrants and varied by country of origin, from
      30% for people from El Salvador to 61% for those from Haiti. A history of
      vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guerin or the presence of a scar was not
      associated with a positive reaction. Three cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were
      identified, for a rate of 118/100,000. Our findings underline the importance of
      systematically screening immigrants for tuberculous infection with the tuberculin
      test.

PMID- 3383043
TI  - Punishing the patient.

PMID- 3383042
TI  - Treatment of postural hypotension with aerosol ergotamine.

PMID- 3383044
TI  - Organ procurement: coercion or informed consent?

PMID- 3383045
TI  - More effort to solve "male diseases" than female ones, MD says.

PMID- 3383046
TI  - Prescribing pillows: a prison practice is decidedly different.

PMID- 3383047
TI  - Extra help needed if poor areas to close health care gap: CMA.

PMID- 3383048
TI  - Despite new regulations, caution a must when baby walkers are used.

PMID- 3383049
TI  - Fatal food allergy.

PMID- 3383050
TI  - Investigating presumed child abuse.

PMID- 3383051
TI  - Uncomfortable reading.

PMID- 3383052
TI  - Rationing health care services.

PMID- 3383053
TI  - Physician numbers and health care costs.

PMID- 3383055
TI  - Season of birth: stability of the pattern in Canada.

PMID- 3383054
TI  - Leisure: an overlooked component of health promotion.

PMID- 3383056
TI  - Social factors influencing perceived barriers to physical exercise among women.

PMID- 3383057
TI  - Acculturation stress and alcohol usage among Canadian Indians in Toronto.

PMID- 3383058
TI  - [Carbon monoxide poisoning in indoor arenas: problems and methods of
      intervention].

PMID- 3383059
TI  - Species and serotypes of Yersiniae recovered in British Columbia.

PMID- 3383060
TI  - Scabies investigation at a local nursing home.

PMID- 3383062
TI  - The future of health promotion in Canada.

PMID- 3383063
TI  - Tradition and technology in infant feeding--achieving the best of both worlds.

PMID- 3383061
TI  - AIDS update.

PMID- 3383064
TI  - The Canadian Public Health Association and international health: a perspective.

PMID- 3383065
TI  - Cervical cancer screening: the time for reappraisal.

PMID- 3383066
TI  - Cervical cancer screening: a time for reappraisal in Canada.

PMID- 3383067
TI  - A mental health component in the public health response to disasters.

PMID- 3383068
TI  - Community-based health promotion surveys. Papers presented at the 78th annual
      conference of the Canadian Public Health Association. June 1987.

PMID- 3383069
TI  - The Immigrant Seniors Project.

PMID- 3383070
TI  - Health Promotion Survey in the Northwest Territories.

PMID- 3383071
TI  - Community-based surveys: a component of the measurement of health in Edmonton.

PMID- 3383072
TI  - Acadian youth in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 3383073
TI  - Conducting community-based surveys by telephone.

PMID- 3383074
TI  - A survey of worksite health promotion in Montreal.

PMID- 3383075
TI  - House dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) allergen levels in three different
      sources from homes of patients with allergy to house dust mite.

PMID- 3383076
TI  - Clinical nurse specialists' responsibility in the nurse shortage.

PMID- 3383077
TI  - The National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project.

PMID- 3383078
TI  - Roles of the clinical nurse specialist and distribution of these roles.

PMID- 3383079
TI  - Recognition of triangles in the critical care environment.

PMID- 3383080
TI  - Executive practice.

PMID- 3383081
TI  - Organizational management style and clinical nurse specialist' job satisfaction.

PMID- 3383082
TI  - Education. On revisiting.

PMID- 3383083
TI  - The clinical nurse specialist as educator: process and method.

PMID- 3383084
TI  - Consultation.

PMID- 3383086
TI  - Research. Clapping with the right hand only.

PMID- 3383085
TI  - Consultation roles of the clinical nurse specialist: a case study.

PMID- 3383087
TI  - Evaluating congruency between steps in the research process. A critique guide for
      use in clinical nursing practice.

PMID- 3383088
TI  - Delusional (paranoid) disorders: etiologic and taxonomic considerations. I. The
      possible significance of organic brain factors in etiology of delusional
      disorders.
AB  - The term "Paranoid Disorders" is used vaguely and indiscriminately by many
      authors. This article provides brief working descriptions of a small number of
      paranoid/delusional conditions and, making reference to the author's series of
      monodelusional disorders, describes certain organic brain factors which appear to
      be surprisingly common in the background of these cases. It is hypothesized that
      the group of paranoid/delusional disorders may be linked to schizophrenia,
      especially of the paranoid type: however, in the paranoid/delusional disorders,
      hereditary schizophrenic factors may be weak and adverse organic brain factors
      relatively much stronger.

PMID- 3383089
TI  - Delusional (paranoid) disorders: etiologic and taxonomic considerations. II. A
      possible relationship between delusional and affective disorders.
AB  - Paranoid (delusional) disorders are usually thought to overlap with schizophrenic
      disorders, and there may be a continuum, especially with paranoid schizophrenia.
      There is also some recent evidence of an overlap with affective disorders. This
      article refers to the author's series of monodelusional disorders, emphasizing
      certain mood concomitants, and discussing the implications of these for
      delusional disorders in general.

PMID- 3383090
TI  - Psychiatric short-stay units across Canada.
AB  - The limited literature on brief hospitalization programs raised questions about
      the actual extent of use of this process in Canada. Inquiry was first made to all
      Health Ministers, University Department Heads and Section Chairmen. A
      questionnaire was mailed to the hospitals identified and this also requested any
      supplementary names of units known to the respondents. Initially, 22 hospitals
      were named as having short-stay units, but eight of these proved not to have one.
      Basic data on the 14 units actually found is provided. It is suggested that units
      of this type could be separated into two main groups according to the rate of
      discharge of patients directly into the community. Those with a high community
      discharge rate might be called Short-Stay Treatment Units and those with a lower
      community discharge rate might be known as Assessment Units. The former tend to
      have fewer admissions per bed, lower occupancy rates, somewhat longer LOS and
      location in or near the main psychiatric inpatient unit. These factors tend to be
      reversed in the latter.

PMID- 3383091
TI  - An outcome study comparing refusers and acceptors of treatment for alcoholism.
AB  - Fifteen matched pairs of alcoholics who had either refused or completed day
      treatment were reassessed sixteen months after the initial assessment. The
      treated group had improved significantly more than the untreated group on
      measures related directly to alcohol abuse, in their utilization of inpatient
      psychiatric services, and the use of family physician's services. The treated
      group had also used disulfiram for significantly longer periods of time. The
      treatment refusers had nonetheless achieved statistically significant, albeit
      modest, reduction in their consumption of alcohol compared to their pre
      assessment levels. Both groups showed equal amount of change on a number of
      psychosocial measures, such as employment, use of minor tranquilizers and non
      prescription drugs, legal problems and symptoms of depression. These findings are
      discussed in the context of the effectiveness of a day program, the use of
      disulfiram and certain pretreatment characteristics of the patient.

PMID- 3383092
TI  - [Comparative study between psychiatric alcoholism and non-psychiatric
      alcoholism].
AB  - Determination of alcoholism or alcohol dependency syndrome in a given population
      requires a reliable questionnaire plus anamnestic and biological parameters. The
      authors have used the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) on a sample of
      150 subjects over a three month period to detect alcoholism in a psychiatric
      versus a non-psychiatric population. They discuss the importance of a family type
      of alcoholism and conclude that a good percentage of primary alcoholics may
      present themselves with psychiatric features or seek psychiatric help.

PMID- 3383093
TI  - Using the axis V scale to evaluate therapeutic outcome of psychiatric treatment.
AB  - This study examined whether the Axis V scale of DSM-III was a useful instrument
      for coding and evaluating psychiatric patients' response to treatment. It
      compared outpatients' functional responses to treatment, measured by the Axis V
      scale used to assess current functioning, with their symptomatic changes. It
      found that the Axis V scale provided a different dimension of patients' outcome
      than the symptomatic one. Overall, only 19% of the patients were rated on Axis V
      as improved functionally, at discharge, as compared to 55% rated as improved
      symptomatically. However, as outpatients completed more treatment sessions,
      increasingly larger percentages were rated as improved on the Axis V scale,
      ranging from 8.5% improved functionally after completing 1-5 sessions to 44.5%
      improved after 41+ sessions. Symptomatic ratings plateaued after 6-10 sessions,
      with 80% of the patients being rated as improved symptomatically after completing
      treatment, no matter how many more treatment sessions they received before
      discharge. The report discusses the implications of these findings for assessment
      of psychiatric patients' treatment needs, goals of their treatment programs, and
      evaluation of treatment outcomes.

PMID- 3383094
TI  - Satanism in a psychiatric adolescent population.
AB  - In a university affiliated adolescent psychiatric facility, providing
      approximately 250 consultations per year, an unsuspectedly high prevalence of
      preoccupation with "satanism" was found in referred adolescents. Interested by
      the phenomenon, the authors have identified and documented eight cases in an
      attempt to isolate common characteristics among the cases. Initially a link
      between the marginal cult belief and general maladjustment was hypothesized,
      specifically delinquent behaviour. The study confirmed this trend and showed a
      significant impairment in the social adjustment of these adolescents. One of the
      most striking findings was the high prevalence of family disruption and parental
      abuse. Furthermore, a wide range of psychiatric symptoms were found in our
      subjects. This study raises concerns over the psychological development of
      adolescents who are subject to high levels of psychosocial stress. It will
      hopefully encourage further work in the area of increased susceptibility towards
      beliefs and indoctrination.

PMID- 3383095
TI  - Myotonic dystrophy of Steinert: are anxiety and depression necessarily
      concomitants?
AB  - Anxio-depressive symptomatology was not found in a small group of thirteen
      myotonic dystrophy ("Steinert's disease") patients. This contradicts previously
      published reports which document a moderately severe affective disorder in this
      disease as well as showing a beneficial clinical response to "imipramine" and
      "lithium carbonate". Methodologic and interpretative difference may explain the
      discordance between the studies.

PMID- 3383096
TI  - Grandchildren of survivors: can negative effects of prolonged exposure to
      excessive stress be observed two generations later?
AB  - Some studies have demonstrated negative psychological repercussions on children
      of parents who experienced extreme, prolonged stress. To determine whether such
      effects might continue in the third generation, we examined the presenting
      complaints of patients in a child psychiatry clinic who could be reliably
      identified as: (i) children whose parents were native born but who had at least
      one grandparent who was a survivor of the Nazi persecution (Index 1, N = 58);
      (ii) other children who had at least one parent and one grandparent who was a
      survivor (Index 2, N = 11); (iii) children of other immigrant grandparents (N =
      28); (iv) children with four native born grandparents (N = 30). All other
      grandparents and parents were native born. All families were of the same ethnic
      group. Index 2 children manifested more difficulties related to school
      performance, but the small size of the sample precludes generalization. Although
      the Index 1 children did not have different types of behavioural disturbances,
      the size of the Index (1 + 2) group (N = 69) relative to the comparison groups
      was 300% greater than expected on the basis of community population estimates.
      Implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 3383097
TI  - Role reversal in folie a deux.
AB  - An unusual case of folie a deux involving a husband and wife is described. During
      their illness a reversal of the original dominant/submissive roles occurred with
      almost tragic results. Traditional criteria for diagnosis are discussed and
      treatment approaches re-examined.

PMID- 3383098
TI  - Case report of hepatotoxicity associated with maprotiline.
AB  - A patient with unipolar affective disorder developed elevations in her liver
      enzymes shortly after initiation of therapy with maprotiline. The enzyme levels
      rapidly returned to normal after cessation of the drug with no residual liver
      disease.

PMID- 3383099
TI  - Kleptomanic behavior response to perphenazine-amitriptyline HCL combination.

PMID- 3383100
TI  - Self-amputation of the ear: a case study.

PMID- 3383101
TI  - Consultation-liaison psychiatry: Toronto.

PMID- 3383103
TI  - A psychiatric consultation-liaison service in a community hospital.
AB  - The development of a multidiscipline Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service in
      a 628 bed community hospital is outlined showing its organization and benefits.
      Specific aspects of the role of each discipline, as well as the process of
      functioning on a multidiscipline team, are discussed, emphasizing the roles of
      the psychiatric clinical nurse specialist and psychiatric occupational therapist.
      Data obtained from 623 patients seen over two years is presented, showing trends
      similar to other published studies. The effectiveness of the multidiscipline team
      in allowing the one psychiatrist to significantly increase the number of patients
      seen in the second year and to become more precise in using the specific skills
      of the psychiatrist and other team members at the highest possible level of
      expertise, to meet each type of patient need, is brought into focus.

PMID- 3383102
TI  - Psychiatric consultation services in an oncology hospital.
AB  - Psychosocial oncology has become an area of considerable interest over the past
      ten to fifteen years. There has been little written about the development of
      psychiatric services or the profile of such services to this population. This
      paper describes the historical evolution of a psychiatric consultation service in
      a cancer hospital and provides a statistical analysis of the patient population
      and services provided. The special need for continuity of care and a
      comprehensive biopsychosocial approach is elaborated and clinical examples are
      reported. Finally, directions for the future development of this kind of service
      are suggested.

PMID- 3383104
TI  - An inpatient programme for persistent somatizers.
AB  - Somatization, defined as a transient or persistent tendency to experience and
      communicate psychological distress in the form of somatic symptoms and to seek
      medical help for them, represents a common problem in clinical practice. A
      comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation program for somatizing patients has been
      developed at the Clarke Institute in Toronto and is described in detail. It
      involves concurrent application of psychiatric, psychological, social, and
      medical therapies.

PMID- 3383105
TI  - Pitfalls and pratfalls in consultation-liaison psychiatry in a general hospital.
AB  - As Consultation-Liaison Services continue to develop and expand in general
      hospitals, psychiatrists must be aware of pitfalls and pratfalls inherent in
      dealing with medical colleagues and other allied health professionals, as well as
      with the patients. Practical considerations in answering consultation requests
      are discussed with respect to "hidden agendas" of the consultee, role and
      expectations of the psychiatrist, and problem referrals. It is only through
      mutual respect and collaboration that Consultation-Liaison Services can truly be
      effective.

PMID- 3383106
TI  - A case of atypical depression.

PMID- 3383107
TI  - Consent in psychiatry. The position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association.

PMID- 3383108
TI  - Treatment of self abusive behavior with trazodone.

PMID- 3383109
TI  - Estrogen receptors in bilateral breast cancer.
AB  - Estrogen receptor status, tumor histology, and the interval between the
      development of tumors were assessed in 99 patients with bilateral breast cancer.
      Tumors were first grouped into those simultaneously detected in both breasts or
      within 12 months of each other (synchronous bilateral breast cancer, of which
      there were 64) and second, those detected within more than 12 months of each
      other (asynchronous bilateral breast cancer, of which there were 35). Nineteen
      percent of all tumors were lobular carcinomas. Overall, the rate of receptor
      discordance between the two tumors was not significantly different from that
      previously reported between biopsies of primary tumor and metastases in patients
      with unilateral breast cancer. Synchronous receptor-positive tumors occurred
      significantly more frequently than expected, suggesting that the development of
      the two tumors was influenced by a common mechanism. In patients with
      asynchronous bilateral breast cancer there was a significantly longer interval
      between tumors if both were receptor-positive compared with concordant receptor
      negative tumors and tumors with discordant receptor status. There was a
      significant discordance in the receptor status of asynchronous tumors when the
      histology also differed, indicating that the tumors in this group were likely to
      be separate primary tumors.

PMID- 3383110
TI  - Image cytometric classification of premalignant breast disease in fine needle
      aspirates.
AB  - Image cytometry for the classification of fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsies was
      evaluated in samples from 39 women. Eighteen of them had benign lesions, seven
      had premalignant lesions, nine had carcinoma in situ, and five had carcinoma. The
      term, premalignant, here refers to lesions with an increased risk of developing
      into breast cancer (atypical hyperplasia and, to a lesser extent, moderate or
      florid hyperplasia). The classifications by cytometry were compared with the
      microscopic diagnoses of the same FNA samples and of tissue from a subsequent
      surgical biopsy of the same area. One slide from each breast FNA sample was
      restained in Azure-A Feulgen. Breast epithelial cells were measured using a
      texture analysis program on the Leitz TAS-plus. The mean, standard deviation
      (SD), and interquartile range were calculated for each of 12 nuclear parameters
      from 200 cells per slide. A discriminant analysis was used to develop a
      statistical model for classifying individual samples. Six of seven atypical
      proliferative lesions (atypical hyperplasia and moderate hyperplasia) were
      identified by image cytometry, but were unrecognized by conventional microscopic
      examination.

PMID- 3383111
TI  - Basement membrane components in normal hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium.
AB  - The major basement membrane (BM) components, laminin and type IV collagen, were
      studied by immunochemistry in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium.
      By immunoperoxidase technique, proliferative and secretive endometrium showed
      capillary and epithelial cell basement membranes with linear staining with
      antibodies to both laminin and type IV collagen. Immunostaining of laminin and
      type IV collagen showed that capillaries were surrounded by a continuous
      perivascular sheath of these matrices in specimens of adenomatous hyperplasia and
      in nearly all specimens of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Laminin and type IV
      collagen were found to accumulate around glandular epithelial cells of
      adenomatous hyperplastic endometrium, but in several specimens these linear
      surrounding formations were defective and discontinuous. In several areas of well
      differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas BM-like structures were found around
      glandular epithelial cells as shadows without staining for laminin and type IV
      collagen. These basement membrane components accumulate around stromal cells to
      encircle each cell with a gradual, progressive, and cyclic process depending on
      the phase of the menstrual cycle. Laminin and type IV collagen were clearly
      detected around stromal cells at days 20 to 22 of the menstrual cycle and more
      thickly at days 26 to 28. The accumulation of these matrices around stromal cells
      is a progesterone/progestin-related process. In the well-differentiated
      adenocarcinoma a mid-term treatment with progestin (Danatrol Maggioni-Winthrop,
      SPA, Milan, Italy) was found to be effective on laminin and type IV collagen
      accumulation around stromal cells.

PMID- 3383112
TI  - Histologic characterization of 41 ependymomas with the help of a personal
      computer.
AB  - Fourty-one ependymomas were histologically analyzed in relation to patient age
      and sex and tumor location. A discriminant analysis model using Bayes' formula
      and a personal computer were employed. Ependymomas situated in the posterior
      fossa had a higher incidence in children. Ependymoblastomas were all situated
      above the tentorium and occurred only in young children. We identified three
      tumor groups on the basis of common histologic characteristics: benign
      ependymomas, anaplastic ependymomas, and ependymoblastomas. The main features
      useful for the grouping were the degree of differentiation and anaplasia.
      Ependymomas from the cauda equina showed histologic characteristics that allowed
      them to be differentiated from other benign ependymomas. In each group the
      particular histologic characteristics, age, and location were significant in
      terms of diagnosis and prognosis. This method of analysis may help to more
      precisely define ependymomas and may provide pathologists and clinicians with a
      quantifiable diagnostic tool that may be of help in establishing the appropriate
      treatment.

PMID- 3383113
TI  - Residual dysplastic and other nevi in superficial spreading melanoma. Clinical
      correlations and association with sun damage.
AB  - Excision biopsies of 500 invasive superficial spreading melanomas were examined
      for evidence of residual melanocytic dysplasia (remnants of dysplastic nevi).
      Melanocytic dysplasia was identified in 32.4% of tumors. Remnants of nevi without
      melanocytic dysplasia were found in 9.8%. Sun damage as evidenced by solar
      elastosis was histologically estimated in contiguous skin. Patients' age at
      diagnosis, tumor site, pathologic stage, evidence of tumor regression, and
      coexisting sun damage were correlated with the presence or absence of melanocytic
      dysplasia. Patients whose tumors displayed residual dysplasia were younger and
      demonstrated a more favorable tumor stage and less evidence of sun damage.
      Melanomas on the trunk were more likely to be associated with melanocytic
      dysplasia than those from other areas. The findings support the belief that
      dysplastic nevi have an important role in the genesis of superficial spreading
      melanoma. The influence of ultraviolet radiation in the development of dysplastic
      nevi and in their potential malignant progression is discussed.

PMID- 3383114
TI  - Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Analysis of risk factors for
      metastasis.
AB  - Of 130 patients with low-grade localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities
      treated at Memorial Hospital between 1968 and 1978, 18 (14%) developed
      metastases. The risk of metastasis could not be predicted by the clinical or
      pathologic size, tumor depth, proximal location, recurrence before presentation
      or subsequent to treatment at our institution, the type of surgical and adjuvant
      therapies, and the adequacy of surgical margins. The median age of patients with
      metastases was 10 years older than the other patients (57.5 years and 47.5 years,
      respectively). Of the more common sarcomas in this study, malignant peripheral
      nerve tumors and malignant fibrous histiocytomas had the highest prevalence of
      metastasis (27% (three of 11) and 17% (three of 18), respectively). Although
      patients with low-grade extremity sarcomas treated during the first 5 years of
      this review had an increased rate of metastasis, no other patient, tumor, or
      treatment variable examined significantly differed between the two time periods.
      Although grade alone is a good predictor of the risk of metastasis from soft
      tissue sarcomas of the extremity, 14% of patients in this series with low-grade
      histology developed metastases. Further review of larger numbers of these tumors
      should be undertaken in an effort to more definitively identify risk factors
      predictive of metastatic potential in low-grade sarcomas.

PMID- 3383115
TI  - Intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma of the salivary gland.
AB  - Three patients had a painless mass in the parotid (two patients) or submandibular
      regions (one patient). These patients were 70, 66, and 65 years of age,
      respectively. One patient was male and the other two were female. No symptoms
      suggesting the presence of autoimmune sialadenitis had been noticed, although one
      patient suffered from rheumatoid arthritis. Histologic study showed that small
      atypical lymphoid cells with slightly irregular and indented nuclear contours
      proliferated diffusely and secondary lymph follicles were distributed at random
      among them. These findings are similar to those that we recently reported for
      intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma (ILL) of the thyroid gland arising in patients
      with autoimmune thyroiditis. A high frequency of ILL among our series of salivary
      lymphomas (three of nine cases) is discussed.

PMID- 3383116
TI  - Breast cancer melanosis in a postmastectomy scar.
AB  - Pigmented skin lesions developed in the postmastectomy scar of a 42-year-old
      woman, 3 years after mastectomy, clinically mimicking malignant melanoma. A
      histologic study of the skin showed neoplastic mucin secreting glands and
      melanocyte colonization. Literature pertaining to melanin pigmentation of
      epithelial tumors not primary in the skin is reviewed.

PMID- 3383117
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract. A report of three cases.
AB  - Three cases of angiosarcoma in the stomach, small bowel, and colon, respectively,
      are reported. The gastric lesion occurred many years after historic evidence of
      cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Two of the three lesions exhibited multifocality, and
      all demonstrated aggressive biologic courses. The varied histologic features of
      angiosarcoma make this diagnosis difficult to establish in an unusual location
      such as the gastrointestinal tract. The use of immunohistochemistry for a panel
      of antibodies, particularly the successful reaction with Factor VIII-related
      antigen, is important in evaluating light microscopically unusual tumors. A
      delicate framework of collagen type IV was elicited in each case, but
      ultrastructurally correlated with short segments of basal lamina in one case.
      This suggests that the absence of the traditional morphologic expression of basal
      lamina does not preclude its presence and emphasizes the sensitivity of
      immunohistochemistry. The lack of previously reported cases of gastrointestinal
      angiosarcoma may be because the tumor is underrecognized or because it is truly a
      rare occurrence.

PMID- 3383118
TI  - Ollier's disease associated with ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumor.
AB  - A six-year-old girl had Ollier's disease (OD) associated with juvenile granulosa
      cell tumor (JGCT). The clinical manifestations were right hemicorporal deformity
      due to multiple skeletal enchondromas and precocious pseudopuberty. After the
      removal of a Stage Iai JGCT, hormonal symptoms disappeared. Neither the ovarian
      tumor recurred nor the enchondromas underwent sarcomatous change after a follow
      up period of 7 years. A review of the literature showed five previous cases,
      three associated with OD and two with Mafucci's syndrome (MS). In these cases,
      patients were young and the ovarian tumors were homolateral to the hemicorporal
      side involved by enchondromatosis. Data provided from these cases emphasize the
      notion of a generalized mesodermal dysplasia. JGCT behave in association with the
      OD in its usual fashion of hormonal production and low-degree aggressiveness.

PMID- 3383119
TI  - Merkel cell tumor. A chemosensitive skin cancer.
AB  - The clinical courses of six patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for
      recurrent Merkel cell tumor of the skin are reported. All patients experienced
      prompt clinical responses to chemotherapy (five complete response [CR], one
      partial response [PR]) and three patients (50%) have achieved long-term disease
      free remission. The report highlights (1) the aggressive nature of Merkel cell
      skin cancer, (2) the highly chemosensitive nature of the disease, and (3) some
      practical problems in administering chemotherapy to elderly patients.

PMID- 3383120
TI  - Primary female urethral carcinoma. A retrospective comparison of different
      treatment techniques.
AB  - Between July 1951 and January 1984, 14 female patients (11 black and three white;
      average age, 58 years) were treated for primary urethral carcinoma. Five patients
      had radical surgery, six received preoperative radiotherapy (2000 cGy in five
      fractions) followed by anterior exenteration, and three had definitive
      radiotherapy (external beam 4000 to 5000 cGy plus 2800 to 3000 cGy interstitial
      implant). The mean follow-up times were 5.6, 3.9, and 2 years, respectively. In
      the first two groups, two of 11 patients (18%) are alive and well with no
      evidence of disease. The rest died of local as well as distant disease. In the
      third group, two of three patients (67%) are alive and well with no evidence of
      disease. The third patient died of papillary adenocarcinoma of the uterus 30
      months later with no evidence of the primary tumor.

PMID- 3383121
TI  - Indoor tobacco smoke pollution. A major risk factor for both breast and lung
      cancer?
AB  - Among 51 countries, those having high mortality rates for male lung cancer
      generally have high rates for female breast cancer (highest in England, Scotland,
      and the Netherlands). Conversely, those having low rates for one disease have low
      rates for both (P less than 0.001). Mortality rates available for 23 of the
      countries for 1954, 1964, and 1974 show a constant relationship of the female
      breast cancer rate, y = 13.3 + 0.17x (where x is the male lung cancer rate).
      Where data on 1950 tobacco consumption are available (20 countries), an even
      closer relationship with female breast cancer mortality in 1974 is observed.
      Because women in many of these countries account for only a small fraction of the
      tobacco consumption, the conclusion is that the risk of the female disease is
      closely related to the extent of male smoking. Thus, breast cancer is apparently
      initiated by the involuntary inhalation of indoor tobacco smoke for more than two
      decades on the average before diagnosis. The same relationship between female
      breast and male lung cancer is found in incidence rates for 80 populations of
      five continents, including northern and western populations of the US. Trends in
      age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates rose almost 50% in many of these
      populations from 1950 to 1975. This increase corresponds to a tripling of
      cigarette consumption in the US from 1927 to 1952. There is a strong need to
      analyze passive smoking more than two decades before diagnosis as a confounding
      variable in all studies of other risk factors for breast cancer such as alcohol,
      dietary fat, and endogenous or exogenous estrogen. Comparison of incidence rates
      for lung cancer and lifetime cigarette consumption in various cultures of Hawaii
      indicates that even for male smokers, additional exposure to high levels of
      indoor tobacco smoke greatly increases their risk of lung cancer. This brings the
      safety of designated smoking areas into serious question.

PMID- 3383122
TI  - Skin window reactivity to autologous breast cancer. An index of prognostically
      significant cell-mediated immunity.
AB  - The relationship between cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to autologous breast cancer
      tissue and subsequent clinical behavior has been studied by one of the authors
      since 1953. In this article the prognostic significance of CMI as measured by a
      skin window (SW) procedure is reported. The procedure examines cellular responses
      to coverslip-mounted sections of autologous breast cancer tissue that have been
      applied to a microabrasion of the skin. Using criteria routinely employed in
      conventional hematologic and pathologic diagnoses, diverse patterns of SW
      responses can be identified. Specific patterns are recognizable that are
      consistent with CMI and that vary significantly with stage and subsequent
      behavior of the disease. Intrastage variations in behavior were found for
      patients with invasive breast cancer according to nuclear grade (NG) and
      postoperative SW reactivity to autologous breast cancer. Positive SW reactivity
      was associated with a significantly reduced risk of metastases and also appeared
      to impede the occurrence of metachronous second primary invasive breast cancers.
      The findings demonstrate the current value of NG and SW response characteristics
      with regard to prognosis and immunotherapy. Moreover, they are consistent with
      the development of immunoprophylaxis.

PMID- 3383123
TI  - Osteoclast-mediated osteolysis in bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Osteolytic characteristics of bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma were
      morphologically and biochemically investigated. First, undecalcified ground
      sections of bone metastases were made from four patients with renal cell
      carcinoma. Second, renal cell carcinoma cell line (RCC-K1) was established from
      one of the four patients, and its effect on bone resorption in vitro was
      examined. Marked proliferation and activation of osteoclasts around the tumor
      cells was histologically demonstrated. Conditioned medium from the RCC-K1 cells
      contained potent bone-resorbing activity in vitro. The activity was reduced to
      basal level by calcitonin, but was not blocked by indomethacin. The activity was
      lost after dialysis (MW cutoff 3500), while it was retained after 2 weeks of
      storage. Levels of prostaglandin E2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of the RCC-K1
      conditioned medium were insufficient to cause bone resorption in vitro. The
      conditioned medium did not stimulate cAMP accumulation in rat osteoblastic cells.
      These results suggest that renal cell carcinoma causes bone destruction through
      the stimulation of osteoclasts by locally secreting an unknown humoral factor or
      factors.

PMID- 3383124
TI  - Nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone for relapse after
      radiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of long-term follow-up.
AB  - One hundred and sixty-one patients who were treated with nitrogen mustard,
      vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (MOPP) chemotherapy for Hodgkin's
      disease have been observed for a median of 10.2 years. Eighty-two percent of
      those patients received MOPP after relapse from previous irradiation. The
      complete response (CR) rate was 71%. For the 116 patients achieving CR the
      relapse-free survival at 5 years was 83% and at 10 years, 79%. The overall
      survival was 72% at 5 years and 64% at 10 years. In a stepwise logistic
      regression analysis the most important clinical factors influencing response were
      B symptoms at presentation (fever greater than 38 degrees C, night sweats, weight
      loss greater than 10% of body weight), histologic subtype, and lung or pleural
      involvement. Patients who received MOPP as first-line therapy had a significantly
      worse response rate than those who received MOPP upon relapse after radiotherapy.
      This difference is reduced when adjustments are made for the presence of the
      above prognostic factors. A Cox regression analysis showed that Stage IV at
      presentation and lymphocyte-depleted histology were the most important factors
      indicating reduced survival. Patients who achieved a CR to MOPP had a
      significantly improved survival. Of the 65 patients who had died at the time of
      the analysis of this series, 46 died of progressive Hodgkin's disease. All four
      patients who developed secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia had received
      radiation as well as MOPP.

PMID- 3383125
TI  - Factors of prognostic importance in childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with
      two modified LSA2-L2 protocols. A multivariate analysis approach.
AB  - The results of therapy given to 74 children with advanced disease, abdominal non
      Hodgkin's lymphoma were retrospectively evaluated with respect to the major
      prognostic factors related to disease outcome. The first 36 patients admitted in
      the study were treated with a modified LSA2-L2 protocol, and the remaining
      patients received the same regimen with the addition of intermediate-dose
      methotrexate (MTX) intravenously during the induction phase (LSA2-L2-MTX). The
      last ten patients admitted were given a leucovorin rescue along with the
      administration of MTX. The relative efficacy of the LSA2-L2-MTX over the baseline
      LSA2-L2 regimen was analyzed by multivariate statistical methods taking into
      consideration several candidate coprognostic factors. The risk of treatment
      failure was substantially reduced (55%) with the use of the LSA2-L2-MTX regimen.
      Rescue with leucovorin did not contribute a further significant gain in treatment
      efficacy, although fewer toxicity-related problems were observed as compared to
      the no-rescue period. Five prognostic factors emerged as significantly
      explanatory of the risk of treatment failure in addition to protocol type:
      lymphocyte count, disease stage, surgical debulking, sex, and nutritional status.
      Based on these variables, a logistic regression equation could be derived to
      identify groups that were at risk for treatment failure.

PMID- 3383126
TI  - Low-dose mitomycin and weekly low-dose doxorubicin combination chemotherapy for
      patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Forty-four evaluable patients with breast carcinoma previously treated with
      combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5
      fluorouracil (CMF) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen
      consisting of doxorubicin (A) (20 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, repeated every
      28 days) and mitomycin (MIT) (10 mg/m2 on day 1, repeated every 28 days). Five
      patients (11%) achieved a complete remission (CR) and 14 patients (32%) had a
      partial response (PR). The median duration of survival was 11.5 months and the
      median duration of response was 8 months for responders (CR and PR). Toxicity was
      moderate and consisted of neutropenia (74%), thrombocytopenia (25%), pneumonitis
      (11%), and cardiomyopathy (2%). The combination chemotherapy regimen A and MIT is
      an effective regimen for treating previously treated with CMF.

PMID- 3383127
TI  - Hypotension as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity in three patients receiving
      cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil.
AB  - Cardiac symptoms, including hypotension, developed in three patients with
      advanced colorectal carcinoma while being treated with cisplatin (CDDP) and 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU). In two patients, hypotension was associated with severe left
      ventricular dysfunction. All three patients required therapy discontinuation.
      Cardiac enzymes remained normal despite transient electrocardiographic (EKG)
      changes. The presentation and cardiac evaluation (hemodynamic, echocardiographic,
      and scintigraphic) of these patients suggest new manifestations of 5-FU
      cardiotoxicity that may be influenced by CDDP. The possible pathophysiologic
      mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 3383128
TI  - Management of primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma by transcatheter
      embolization with iodine 125.
AB  - The long-term results of the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma by a
      radioactive interstitial implant seated by a transcatheter embolization technique
      were evaluated in 85 patients at risk at 2 years and 37 at 5 years. The 2-year
      survival rate was 33% and the 5-year survival rate was 32%. Patients with
      isolated skeletal metastases showed the best survival rate (2-year survival rate,
      69%; 5-year survival rate, 60%). Isolated pulmonary, other parenchymal, and
      central nervous system (CNS) metastases showed a lower 2-year survival rate of
      15%. Regardless of the site of metastases and the size of the primary, histologic
      grade appeared to have a substantial impact on the survival of our patients. The
      beneficial results of interstitial radiation therapy are attributed to reduction
      of tumor burden and possibly the stimulation of the host immune response that may
      initiate remission. The noticeably better results in patients with osseous
      metastases are attributed to the resolute treatment of all osseous metastases by
      additional interstitial iodine 125 (125I) infarct implants. Conversely, the poor
      results in patients with CNS and other parenchymal metastases may be based on the
      inability to treat such metastases with 125I interstitial infarct implants. In
      addition to clinical observations of weight gain and the cessation of pain and
      hematuria if present, remissions are heralded by normalization of the erythrocyte
      sedimentation rate, disappearance of tumor markers if present, and rise of beta
      interferon levels. The technique is advocated for the management of inoperable
      renal cell carcinoma with distant metastases.

PMID- 3383129
TI  - Cystathionine metabolism in neuroblastoma.
AB  - Cystathioninuria is a frequent and highly specific marker of neuroblastoma, but
      the etiology of this abnormality has not been well studied. To investigate this
      phenomenon, we analyzed 27 human neuroblastoma tissue specimens for the presence
      of cystathionine synthase and cystathionase. Levels of cystathionine synthase
      varied from undetectable to 622 pmol/mg protein, but no specimen had
      cystathionase measurable by rocket radioimmunoassay or catalytic assay. In
      addition, we assayed neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to a variety of
      differentiating agents: butyric acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, serum-free medium, or
      sodium citrate to induce differentiation. In each case we were unable to
      demonstrate cystathionase induction. These data are consistent with the
      hypothesis that neuroblastomas have a biochemical block in the transsulfuration
      enzymes at the level of cystathionase and that expression of cystathionine
      synthase in the absence of cystathionase may account for the presence of
      cystathioninuria in patients with neuroblastoma.

PMID- 3383130
TI  - PTH mRNA transcription analysis in infantile tumors associated with
      hypercalcemia.
AB  - The ability of infantile hypercalcemic tumors (three rhabdoid renal tumors, one
      cellular mesoblastic nephroma, and one hepatoblastoma) to produce parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) was tested using RNA-DNA hybridization. Results were compared with
      those obtained in one lung epidermoid carcinoma and one parathyroid adenoma from
      adult patients. Elevated plasma immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) concentrations were
      observed in three of five children. The only tumor in which PTH-RNA hybridization
      could be detected was the parathyroid adenoma. The integrity of the RNA
      preparations was further confirmed by positive hybridization obtained with a
      glucagon DNA probe in both normal pancreas and the rhabdoid tumors. Quantitative
      bone histomorphometry of tumor-bearing nude mice showed a reduction in bone
      formation and increased bone resorption, the opposite of what occurs in
      hyperparathyroidism. The PTH-like protein, which was detected by
      radioimmunoassays (RIA) in the sera of three patients, could not be correlated
      with tumor PTH mRNA transcription within the limits of our assays. In order to
      explain this discrepancy, we suggest that the tumors produce a factor (not PTH)
      which, in turn, elicits the excess iPTH which we detected by RIA.

PMID- 3383131
TI  - DNA ploidy is closely linked to tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and
      prognosis in clinical gastric cancer.
AB  - DNA ploidy microspectrophotometrically determined in 254 patients with gastric
      carcinoma was investigated from the standpoint of tumor invasion, lymph node
      metastasis, and prognosis. DNA distribution patterns were grouped into low and
      high ploidies. The 24.0% frequency in the high ploidy group, at the mucosal
      stage, increased in proportion to invasion into the deeper layers. There was a
      high incidence of lymph node metastasis in the high ploidy group, compared with
      the low ploidy group, in case of invasion beyond the mucosa. Widespread nodal
      involvement was frequent in the high ploidy group. The 5-year survival rate was
      73.7% in patients of high ploidy, with a statistical difference compared to the
      90.6% in those of low ploidy (P less than 0.01). In the multivariate analysis of
      226 patients undergoing curative surgery, the DNA ploidy proved to be a major
      independent prognostic factor. These findings indicate a close correlation among
      DNA ploidy, tumor invasion and nodal involvement, and the significant clinical
      value of DNA analysis for predicting the prognosis in patients with gastric
      carcinoma.

PMID- 3383132
TI  - Observer variation in the pathologic diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in Canada.
AB  - Biopsies from "poor prognosis" non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied to assess
      diagnostic variations among pathologists. The original diagnosis and the
      diagnoses of a nationwide panel of local reference pathologists (LRPs) from 104
      cases were reviewed and the technical quality of each biopsy evaluated. Using a
      modified Rappaport classification, there was agreement in 57% of cases among the
      panel. This increased to 84% when diagnoses were grouped according to Working
      Formulation grades. Of the 90 cases in which a comparison of the contributing
      pathologist's diagnosis and the most common panel diagnosis was possible, there
      was exact agreement in 51% (kappa = 0.311) of cases and agreement regarding WF
      grade in 68% (kappa = 0.318). Major panel disagreements occurred in 26 (25%)
      cases, involving the distinction of metastatic anaplastic carcinoma or Hodgkin's
      disease from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 17 cases and follicular versus diffuse
      architecture in 16 (overlap present). The contributing pathologist had a major
      disagreement with the panel in 18 cases (20%), of type and frequency similar to
      those within the panel itself. Poor fixation (complete or partial) was present in
      49 cases (47%); this resulted in significantly fewer majority agreements than in
      the well-fixed group (25% versus 60%, P = 0.020) and also increased rates of
      disagreement in the diagnosis of lymphoma versus anaplastic carcinoma. Thus
      improvements in the technical quality of biopsy material could further improve
      the diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma diagnosis.

PMID- 3383133
TI  - Concentration of hyaluronan in the serum of untreated cancer patients with
      special reference to patients with mesothelioma.
AB  - The concentration of hyaluronan was measured in the serum from patients with
      tumors. The patients were divided into nine groups: two control groups, i.e.,
      those with benign tumors and those having undergone radical surgery; and seven
      groups of patients with untreated malignant conditions, i.e., mesotheliomas,
      sarcomas, lymphomas, breast carcinomas, brain tumors, bronchial carcinomas, and a
      group of various malignancies. As an additional control group, subjects with
      benign pulmonary diseases were investigated. The control groups and all the
      groups with malignant tumors except the mesotheliomas had serum hyaluronan values
      equal to or only slightly higher than those of healthy volunteers of the same
      age. The patients with mesotheliomas had significantly elevated hyaluronan levels
      (287 +/- 282 [Standard deviation] micrograms/l; n = 35; P less than 0.001)
      compared with healthy volunteers (54 +/- 28 micrograms/l in the age group of 51
      to 60 years). Patients with asbestosis do not exhibit increased serum hyaluronan.
      The analysis of serum hyaluronan should therefore be of value in the diagnosis of
      mesothelioma.

PMID- 3383134
TI  - Prognostic significance of DNA measurements in 409 consecutive breast cancer
      patients.
AB  - Four hundred nine consecutive breast cancer patients were studied
      retrospectively. Microspectrophotometric DNA measurements were performed using
      archival, fine-needle slide preparations upon which the primary diagnoses had
      been based 8 to 13 years earlier. The DNA distribution patterns of the tumor cell
      populations were analyzed according to various criteria and the cytochemical data
      were correlated to the clinical course, defined as distant recurrence-free
      survival. The results demonstrated a strong relationship between nuclear DNA
      content of the breast cancer cells and prognosis. Tumors exhibiting DNA values
      within the limits of normal tissues (DNA euploidy) were found to be correlated
      with a favorable prognosis. In contrast, tumors with increased and scattered DNA
      values (DNA aneuploidy) were found indicative of poor prognosis. This was found
      to be the case regardless whether the percentage of cells above 2.5c or 5c, DNA
      index/modal value, or the histogram typing according to Auer et al were utilized
      to discriminate low-grade from high-grade malignant cases. All of these DNA
      variables were also shown to be significantly correlated. With the aid of the Cox
      regression method, the additional prognostic value of any given variable was
      tested against the others. The statistical analyses showed that the histogram
      typing gives significant prognostic information in addition to that provided by
      any other variable. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that tumor
      nuclear DNA content is a strong indicator of prognosis in patients suffering from
      invasive breast adenocarcinoma. However, the results also show that simple
      determination of the stemline position is not the optimal DNA measure of
      intrinsic tumor malignancy potential. The fraction of cells scattered outside the
      modal peaks of the histograms are of utmost importance for adequate cytochemical
      malignancy grading in breast carcinomas.

PMID- 3383135
TI  - Hemorheologic variables in breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis and
      during treatment.
AB  - The increased risk of thrombosis seen in patients with malignancy also was
      recently confirmed in breast cancer patients undergoing hormonal or
      chemotherapeutic treatment. Besides changes within the coagulation system,
      alterations of hemorheologic variables have been implicated in the genesis of
      thrombosis. We evaluated plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen
      level, sedimentation rate, hematocrit concentration, and protein concentration in
      patients with breast cancer at the time of primary diagnosis and during follow-up
      with or without treatment. We then compared the results to a control group
      without malignant or infectious disease. Plasma viscosity and erythrocyte
      aggregation were significantly higher in patients with malignant disease, with a
      further increase at the time of dissemination. Plasma fibrinogen level was
      significantly higher only at the time of dissemination. The influence of therapy
      on hemorheologic variables was minor. Tumor volume was the most important factor.
      As individual values vary considerably and form a continuous spectrum, no cutoff
      line between normal and pathologic values can be defined. However, high values
      should induce further measures to diagnose metastatic disease. Second, these
      factors could explain the relative inefficiency of thrombosis prophylaxis in this
      patient group and suggest the addition of rheologically active drugs to the
      treatment regimen.

PMID- 3383136
TI  - Preoperative and postoperative levels of plasma protein and amino acid in
      esophageal and lung cancer patients.
AB  - The metabolic changes following thoracic surgery in three groups of patients
      (esophageal cancer, lung cancer, and hiatus hernia) have been studied. Before
      operation patients with esophageal cancer, but not those with lung cancer, had
      significantly lower plasma total protein and albumin than patients with hiatus
      hernia. After surgery plasma albumin and total protein fell in both esophageal
      cancer and hiatus hernia patients, a development attributed to poor nutrition and
      restricted calorie diet in these two groups of patients respectively. With the
      exception of alanine and arginine in lung cancer patients, and free tryptophan in
      lung and esophageal cancer patients, the preoperative concentrations of all
      plasma amino acids were similar in both groups of cancer patients and in those
      with hiatus hernia. After operation the concentrations of glutamine, total
      tryptophan, alanine, glycine, and arginine fell sharply, whereas those of
      phenylalanine, lysine, valine, and leucine were slightly or not at all affected
      by surgery. The immediate postoperative fall of plasma free amino acids is
      thought to be due to the increased rate of gluconeogenesis. The rise of free
      fraction of plasma tryptophan after surgery is related to the raised level of
      plasma free fatty acids and increased secretions of catecholamines, which is
      believed to follow surgery.

PMID- 3383137
TI  - The prognostic implication of histopathologic subtyping of pulmonary
      adenocarcinoma according to the classification of the World Health Organization.
      An analysis of 259 consecutive patients with advanced disease.
AB  - The prognostic impact of subtyping pretreatment histologic material in
      adenocarcinoma of the lung (ACL) according to WHO was evaluated in 259
      consecutive, inoperable, Stage III patients. One hundred thirty patients (50%)
      had acinar adenocarcinoma, 23 (9%) had papillary adenocarcinoma, 13 (5%) had
      bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and 32 (12%) had solid carcinoma with mucus
      formation; five patients (2%) had other types of lung cancer. Subtyping was
      impossible due to cytology or insufficient histologic material in 56 patients
      (22%). Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma had the longest median duration of response
      to chemotherapy (47 weeks), time to progression (33 weeks), and median survival
      (40 weeks). Corresponding values for solid carcinoma with mucus formation were 8,
      12, and 22 weeks. Acinar and papillary adenocarcinoma were intermediate. Survival
      curves and response rates were similar (P greater than 0.05). Bronchioloalveolar
      carcinoma had 46% 1-year survivors compared to 16% to 22% for other subtypes. The
      subtypes may have an impact on the prognosis of ACL, but further evaluation is
      required.

PMID- 3383138
TI  - Localized isolated angiitis of the central nervous system associated with primary
      intracerebral lymphoma.
AB  - Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system (IACNS) is a form of
      granulomatous vasculitis that is confined to the nervous system. A patient with
      localized IACNS affecting the left internal carotid and posterior cerebral artery
      adjacent to a primary intracerebral lymphoma of the midbrain along with
      associated granulomatous inflammation of the dura, leptomeninges, and ependyma of
      the aqueduct of Sylvius is described. His course was complicated by many
      neurologic complications before his death. Prednisone and cyclophosphamide were
      unable to control his disease. More aggressive therapy may be indicated for
      patients with lymphoproliferative lesions and associated central nervous system
      (CNS) vasculitis who fail to respond to conventional therapy.

PMID- 3383139
TI  - "Chordoid" meningeal tumors in young individuals with peritumoral
      lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates causing systemic manifestations of the Castleman
      syndrome. A report of seven cases.
AB  - Seven young patients ranging in age from 8 to 19 years had surgically removed
      meningeal neoplasms with a peculiar myxoid-chordoid pattern. The tumors were
      surrounded by massive polyclonal lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates with follicles
      and germinal centers. The patients preoperatively manifested iron-resistant
      hypochromic microcytic anemia, and one of them had dysgammaglobulinemia and
      stunted growth. After the masses were removed, the blood picture of the patients
      normalized, and the adolescent with retarded somatic development resumed normal
      growth, but two patients developed local recurrence with identical histology and
      again became anemic. It appears that the peritumoral lymphoplasmacellular
      infiltrates, which in these instances may be regarded as reactive rather than
      primary cell proliferations, nevertheless brought about the type of systemic
      manifestations known as the Castleman syndrome, characteristically seen in
      patients with angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia (hamartoma) of soft tissues,
      or Castleman's tumor. In one of our patients the inflammatory infiltrate extended
      far into the surroundings of the meningioma, resulting in the erroneous initial
      diagnosis of "encephalitis" from a needle biopsy of the brain near the tumor.

PMID- 3383140
TI  - Risk of contralateral breast cancer. Associations with histologic, clinical, and
      therapeutic factors.
AB  - A case-control study was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with the
      development of a contralateral primary breast cancer among women who had had a
      first primary breast cancer. Hospital records were reviewed for 292 women with an
      incident contralateral breast cancer, diagnosed in one of eight hospitals between
      July 1, 1975 and December 31, 1983, and for a comparison group of 264 surviving
      unilateral breast cancer patients, previously diagnosed in the same hospitals.
      All subjects were identified through the records of the Connecticut Tumor
      Registry. Having an initial tumor containing lobular carcinoma was associated
      with an almost twofold increased risk of developing a contralateral cancer (aOR =
      1.8; 95% CI: 1.0-3.5). Among those for whom a progesterone receptor assay was
      available, a positive assay was associated with an increased risk of a
      contralateral primary (aOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.0-9.5). AB blood type was also
      associated with an elevated risk, but this elevation was not statistically
      significant (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 0.7-7.7). Having received radiation treatment was
      not significantly associated with the risk of a contralateral primary (aOR = 0.9;
      95% CI: 0.6-1.4), whereas chemotherapy treatment was associated with a
      significantly lowered risk (aOR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). The association with
      chemotherapy appeared to be modified by body build (ROR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.3
      for a 2.5-unit differential in Quetelet's index).

PMID- 3383141
TI  - Breast cancer screening in an urban black population. A preliminary report.
AB  - Breast cancer is a major cause of death among black women. At Cook County
      Hospital in Chicago, a hospital serving a predominantly black population, only
      31% of breast cancers were localized at the time of diagnosis in the years 1980
      1983. A survey of patient records in the largest primary care clinic in the
      hospital revealed that only 2% of eligible patients had received mammograms in
      1982. A nurse-run breast cancer detection program was begun in mid-1983. Since
      that time the proportion of women who have received periodic breast examinations
      has increased from 26% to 46% (P less than 0.001) and periodic mammograms have
      increased from 2% to 41% (P less than 0.001). The proportion of women having
      received breast self-examination teaching increased from 10% to 58% (P less than
      0.001). The proportion of localized breast cancer was significantly greater for
      those women whose cancer was diagnosed through the screening program (44 of 72,
      61%) compared to other clinical areas (71 of 213, 33%) in the years 1984 through
      1986 (P less than 0.001). There has been a significant increase in the percentage
      of localized breast cancer at Cook County Hospital comparing 1980-1983 statistics
      (31%), before the Breast Cancer Detection Program was fully established, with
      1984-1986 statistics (40%) (P less than 0.02).

PMID- 3383142
TI  - Increased lymph node metastases at mastectomy for breast cancer associated with
      host obesity, cigarette smoking, age, and large tumor size.
AB  - The lymph node status at mastectomy of 623 women with breast cancer was analyzed
      by tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER) status, host obesity, age, and smoking
      habits. Of the 485 women undergoing surgery who were older than 50 years of age,
      stepwise logistical regression analysis demonstrated that four or more positive
      nodes were more frequently associated with larger primary tumors (P less than
      0.0001), obesity (P less than 0.001), and smoking (P = 0.0134), but not with
      tumor ER status (P = 0.6718). The 138 women undergoing mastectomy who were
      younger than 50 years of age more frequently demonstrated four or more positive
      nodes than older women (34.1% versus 22.9%) (P less than 0.001), after control
      for other factors. Among these younger women, four or more positive nodes were
      more frequently associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.0093), but not with
      obesity, smoking, or ER status. These observations suggest that tobacco usage and
      obesity may potentiate the early spread of malignant disease.

PMID- 3383144
TI  - From hospital to community.

PMID- 3383143
TI  - Allergy and risk of cancer. A prospective study using NHANESI followup data.
AB  - The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI), conducted
      in 1971-1975, included a cohort of 6913 adults for whom history of smoking,
      allergies, and other factors was obtained. These persons were traced (with 93%
      success) approximately 10 years later by the NHANESI Epidemiologic Followup
      Survey, and incidence of malignancy in the interim period was determined. Primary
      allergy variables were physician-diagnosed asthma, hay fever, hives, food
      allergy, or other allergies. Excluded were persons with a prior history of cancer
      and cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer. After adjustment by logistic regression for
      age, sex, race, and smoking history, allergic history was found to increase the
      risk of subsequent malignancy (risk odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval =
      1.10-1.77). The specific allergy type with the strongest cancer risk was hives.
      The cancer group with the strongest allergy association was lymphatic
      hematopoietic (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma). The risk odds ratio of developing
      leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma for persons with hives history was 7.89 (95% CI =
      3.13-19.89). These findings suggest that a history of allergy does not protect
      against subsequent cancer, and may be a risk factor. The possibility is raised
      that a history of hives may be a particular risk factor for lymphatic
      hematopoietic malignancies.

PMID- 3383145
TI  - A cry for research: pain in the neonate.

PMID- 3383146
TI  - Student facilitators.

PMID- 3383147
TI  - Specialization meets entry to practice.

PMID- 3383148
TI  - Pregnancy health fair.

PMID- 3383149
TI  - Ron: (caring for the dying patient).

PMID- 3383150
TI  - Perinatal nursing education.

PMID- 3383152
TI  - [Mental health and mental disease: a continuum in need of resources. Interview by
      Gertrude Pelletier].

PMID- 3383151
TI  - [Mental health: a preoccupation in community health].

PMID- 3383153
TI  - Childbearing Cambodian refugee women.

PMID- 3383154
TI  - Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics evolves from Computerized Tomography.

PMID- 3383155
TI  - Techniques for the rapid display and manipulation of 3-D biomedical data.
AB  - The use of fully interactive 3-D workstations with true real-time performance
      will become increasingly common as technology matures and economical commercial
      systems become available. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to
      high speed approaches to the display and manipulation of 3-D medical objects
      obtained from tomographic data acquisition systems such as CT, MR, and PET. A
      variety of techniques are outlined including the use of software on conventional
      minicomputers, hardware assist devices such as array processors and programmable
      frame buffers, and special purpose computer architecture for dedicated high
      performance systems. While both algorithms and architectures are addressed, the
      major theme centers around the utilization of hardware-based approaches including
      parallel processors for the implementation of true real-time systems.

PMID- 3383156
TI  - Use of computed tomography for a three-dimensional treatment planning system.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) can generate a set of serial contiguous slices which
      form a volume of medical image data. We have developed new techniques for
      creating computer synthesized 3-D images directly from a volume encoded as a
      three-dimensional array. The operator can place the eye anywhere in object space
      to selectively view a portion of the volume from any angle. A set of volume
      processing tools have been recently developed to allow interactive manipulation
      of image data within the volume. These tools allow the system to be used for
      surgical planning, and craniofacial implant design.

PMID- 3383157
TI  - Post-traumatic orbit evaluation by three-dimensional surface reconstructions.
AB  - Post-traumatic orbital osseous and soft tissue surface evaluation was performed
      using high resolution computerized tomography and three-dimensional surface
      reconstructions (3DSR) using specially developed computer software. Four patients
      with facial fractures involving the orbit are presented as examples of the
      technique. Orbital volume was measured and surface images prepared using the
      original CT scans as input to CT computer software developed for this purpose.
      The results simplify interpretation of the nature and extent of traumatic orbital
      disruption. The interpretation of serial high resolution CT scans of the orbit
      (now obtained routinely in fractures involving the orbit) has been augmented by
      employing three-dimensional surface reconstructions (3DSR).

PMID- 3383158
TI  - Three-dimensional computed tomography of the foot: optimizing the image.
AB  - The complex anatomy of the foot can be imaged using high resolution computed
      tomography. High resolution serial nonoverlapping CT scans of foot anatomy have a
      high degree of soft tissue contrast, and excellent geometrical accuracy (no
      magnification error). Three-dimensional surface reconstruction from CT scans of
      the foot were performed using specially developed computer software. These
      surface reconstructions display the osseous and soft tissue anatomy of the foot
      in a form similar to anatomic preparations. The removal of overlying skin,
      disarticulation of the ankle, tarsals and metatarsals was accomplished using
      computer methods. Major factors necessary to optimize three-dimensional images
      are presented and illustrated. The technique has been applied in living subjects
      with arthritis, carpal coalitions, osteochondritis dissecans, and fractures.
      These images have been useful in communicating the findings on high resolution CT
      scans to referring clinicians, correlating CT findings in areas of complex
      anatomy, and eliminating overlying or obscuring structures by mathematically
      disarticulating the foot and individual tarsal bones.

PMID- 3383159
TI  - Three-dimensional surface reconstruction of the carpal bones from CT scans:
      transaxial versus coronal technique.
AB  - Computer methods for reconstruction of three-dimensional (3-D) images from
      standard CT scans have been developed. The process does not require special
      computer knowledge and can be performed with a unmodified CT scanner. 3-D images
      are especially valuable for conveying information to nonradiologist physicians,
      who are unfamiliar with the numerous slice-format images produced in a standard
      CT examination. The utility of these methods for clarification of areas of
      complex skeletal anatomy has been previously demonstrated in the literature. We
      performed 3-D imaging on a normal isolated cadaver hand and on a patient with
      scaphoid fracture. In both cases the 3-D images obtained had excellent osseous
      anatomical detail. A method of acquisition of high quality wrist CT scans,
      suitable for 3-D processing, is suggested.

PMID- 3383160
TI  - Bilateral temporal bone involvement with eosinophilic granuloma.
AB  - We present an unusual case of bilateral temporal bone destruction due to
      eosinophilic granuloma in a young child. The patient initially presented with
      otitis media, with subsequent rapidly developing bilaterally symmetric masses in
      the mastoid region. Computed tomography demonstrated extensive bony destruction
      which, after a course of vinblastine chemotherapy, improved dramatically on
      follow-up scans.

PMID- 3383161
TI  - Computed tomographic appearance of giant cell reparative granuloma of a tarsal
      bone.
AB  - A case of a rare giant cell lesion of a tarsal bone, giant cell reparative
      granuloma, is presented with CT correlation. CT is useful in pre-operative
      management both in defining the extent of involvement of adjacent structures and
      demonstrating soft tissue abnormality.

PMID- 3383162
TI  - CT of adult adrenal cortical carcinoma: six years experience.
AB  - During 1980 and through 1985, a total of three adult patients with adrenal
      cortical carcinoma were patients at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
      All three of these patients with large tumors were evaluated with CT abdominal
      scans. The CT findings are described in each case. One patient had the unique
      findings of four separate tumors at the left upper quadrant, i.e. an adrenal
      cortical carcinoma, an ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma, an adjacent para-aortic
      neurofibroma, and a gastric leiomyoma. The only known cure for adrenal cortical
      carcinoma is complete excision. CT scanning should be utilized in all cases for
      diagnosis, for characterizing the tumor, for showing the presence of metastatic
      disease, for determining the overall extent of disease, and for determining the
      relationship to other organs. CT should be utilized in the follow-up with these
      patients after treatment, i.e. surgery and/or chemotherapy.

PMID- 3383163
TI  - Computed tomographic evaluation of spigelian hernia.
AB  - Spigelian hernia is an uncommon hernia of the anterior abdominal wall. Because of
      its insidious nature and at times nonspecific physical findings associated with
      it, the diagnosis of this hernia is often not made. Typically, the hernial
      orifice is small, and strangulation of the contents of the hernial sac can occur.
      Computed tomography permits the distinction between spigelian hernia and other
      anterior abdominal wall or intra-abdominal masses. When a spigelian hernia is
      found, CT is useful in establishing contents of the hernial sac and defects in
      the fascial plane.

PMID- 3383164
TI  - Automated MR imaging protocols for improved patient throughput.
AB  - The total time spent on each patient during an MR study determines patient
      throughput and ultimately influences MR scan charges. Actual data acquisition
      often represents only a small portion of this examination time. Other functions
      such as patient loading and unloading, positioning, coil placement, scan setup,
      and image reconstruction time also contribute to the total examination time. We
      describe a technique for creating automated imaging protocols for standard MR
      examinations which optimize these functions, thereby decreasing operator
      interventions and shortening the overall examination time. A prototype sequence
      for examining the larynx and neck was developed which allowed three sequential
      multiple slice acquisitions to be obtained in three orthogonal planes with a
      single operator setup step. All tuning and scan placement after this first step
      was done under computer control. The new sequence allowed larynx and neck studies
      to be performed in less than 30 min for spin echo and under 16 min for field echo
      instead of the 50-60 min required by previous methods. The new technique should
      be useful for improving patient throughput for a cariety of standardized
      examinations including the temporal bone, head and neck, joints, and other
      regions.

PMID- 3383165
TI  - Magnetic field strength dependence of chemical shift artifacts.
AB  - The dependence of proton MRI chemical shift artifacts on main magnetic field
      strength was investigated using three MR whole body systems from 0.3 to 1.5 T
      with both permanent and superconducting magnet designs. The magnetic field
      gradients varied from 0.09 to 1.0 gauss/cm. The image bandwidth varied from 8.54
      to 32 kHz. Both phantoms and normal volunteers were studied. The chemical shift
      misregistration error in hertz was determined by the main magnetic field strength
      of the system which was proportional to the Larmor frequency. The actual image
      error in millimeters was determined by a combination of the shift in hertz as
      well as by the amplitude of the magnetic field gradients applied to form the
      image. Steeper gradients mapped a given shift in hertz onto a smaller millimeter
      displacement. The higher field strength systems tended to use steeper magnetic
      field gradients, but this increase was not enough to offset the higher absolute
      shift in hertz due to the higher Larmor frequencies. In general, the chemical
      shift in millimeters tended to increase with the increasing field strength
      despite the steeper imaging gradients. Based on these findings, strategies for
      minimizing the chemical shift artifact may be developed.

PMID- 3383166
TI  - SK-UT-1B, a human tumorigenic diploid cell line.
AB  - SK-UT-1B (ATCC HTB 115) produced tumors 2 weeks after subcutaneous injection of
      10 million cells into athymic nude mice. Karyotypic analysis at the 500-600
      subband level, however, did not reveal any noticeable aberrations. This cell line
      therefore may represent the first example of experimentally proven human
      tumorigenic cells of solid tumor origin that retains the diploid karyotype in
      vitro indefinitely.

PMID- 3383167
TI  - Transformation of polycythemia vera to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia accompanied
      by t(1;3)(p36;q21) karyotype.
AB  - The case of a patient with a history of polycythemia vera and 46,XX karyotype who
      transformed into acute nonlymphocytic leukemia with 46,XX,t(1;3)(p36;q21)
      rearrangement is reported. Significant percentages of the circulating blasts in
      the peripheral blood were positive on immunocytochemical stains for megakaryocyte
      markers, anti-Factor VIII, and antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa. On the basis of our
      studies and published reports, trilineage hematopoietic abnormalities and a poor
      response to therapy may represent typical features of patients with t(1;3).

PMID- 3383169
TI  - Chromosomal involvement secondary to -22 in human meningiomas.
AB  - Cytogenetic analyses have been performed on cultures in vitro from 32 human
      meningiomas, seeking chromosomal anomalies in addition to characteristic monosomy
      22. Eight cases showed stem lines with normal karyotype, whereas, monosomy 22 as
      the only chromosomal deviation characterized the stem line of ten tumors. In 14
      samples stem lines or modal numbers displaying numerical deviations (other than 
      22) and/or structural rearrangements were found. A hyperdiploid modal number was
      present in three, whereas, it was hypodiploid in the remainder. Numerical
      deviations in these tumors involved mainly #14 by losses, and also #22; recurrent
      structural rearrangements involving 1p and 11p were also characteristic features.
      Thus, these results could imply that involvement of #14, 1p, and 11p would be a
      form of clonal evolution secondary to monosomy 22 in certain meningiomas.

PMID- 3383168
TI  - Long-term cytogenetic effects of antineoplastic treatment in relation to
      secondary leukemia.
AB  - Chromosome translocations are consistently present in leukemias and lymphomas and
      are likely to represent primary events in the development of these neoplasias. A
      study of conditions that predispose to leukemia could shed some light on the
      origin of these translocations and therefore help in clarifying their exact role
      in the process of neoplastic transformation. Based on this assumption, we studied
      a group of individuals treated with radiochemotherapy for previous lymphoma and
      who were at increased risk of developing a secondary leukemia. The group
      comprised 14 Hodgkin's disease patients, 11 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, and
      13 controls. The patients were in remission and had been off therapy for at least
      6 months. Chromosomes were studied from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated
      peripheral lymphocytes and from bone marrow cells by the direct method and after
      short-term cultures (72 hours). The latter were also exposed to 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Metaphases were scored for chromosome breaks, gaps, and
      other rearrangements. The percentage of gaps and breaks was significantly higher
      in patients than in controls. The difference was induced by BrdU and was apparent
      in bone marrow cells, but not in peripheral lymphocytes. We conclude that
      individuals exposed to the action of mutagenic agents (radiochemotherapy) have an
      increased chromosome instability that could be related to their increased risk of
      developing a secondary leukemia.

PMID- 3383170
TI  - Normal frequency of chromosome breakage in lymphocytes from patients with
      musculoskeletal sarcoma.
AB  - Spontaneous chromosome aberrations were studied in lymphocytes from 23 untreated
      patients with musculoskeletal sarcoma and 27 controls. Among the sarcoma
      patients, the mean gap, break, and gap + break events per 100 metaphases were
      0.9, 2.2, and 3.0, respectively. The corresponding values for the control group
      were 1.3, 1.6, and 2.8. The mean number of aberrant mitoses was 2.4% in the
      sarcoma group and 2.5% in the controls. None of the differences between patients
      and controls were statistically significant. Thus, we found no evidence of
      inherent chromosome instability in patients with malignant mesenchymal tumors.

PMID- 3383171
TI  - Short communication: deletion 7q, trisomy 6 and 11 in a case of Merkel-cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - Chromosome analysis of a metastatic Merkel-cell carcinoma established as
      xenografted tumor line in nude mice was performed. The analyzed karyotypes showed
      a stable cytogenetic feature characterized by trisomy 6 and 11 and a partial
      deletion of the long arm of chromosome #7 with the breakpoint localized at q31.2.

PMID- 3383172
TI  - Effect of tamoxifen and tamoxifen derivatives on the conversion of estrone
      sulfate to estradiol in the MCF-7 mammary cancer cell line.
AB  - The human mammary cancer cell line MCF-7 in culture was used to study the effect
      of tamoxifen and its derivatives: 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-Tam), N
      desmethyltamoxifen (Dem-Tam) and cis-tamoxifen (cis-Tam) on the uptake and
      conversion of [3H]estrone sulfate (3H-E1S) to estradiol (E2). When [3H]-E1S (4 X
      10(-9) M) was incubated by itself (control) a great proportion of the
      radioactivity was found as [3H]E2, predominantly in the nuclear fraction. All of
      the anti-estrogens (10(-6) M - 10(-5) M) studied decreased the total uptake of
      radioactivity by the cells by 50-60% and the quantity of E2 formed. The
      calculated concentrations (in pg/mg DNA +/- S.E.M.) of E2 (cytosol + 0.6 M KCl
      nuclear extract) with the anti-estrogens at 10(-5) M were as follows: control 56
      +/- 3; Tam treated cells 4 +/- 1; + 4-OH-Tam 2 +/- 1; + Dem-Tam 5 +/- 2; + cis
      Tam 8 +/- 4. A significant decrease in the concentrations of E2 was also observed
      in the mitochondria-microsomal fractions after the different treatments. It is
      suggested that the MCF-7 cells can use estrone-3-sulfate as a source of E2 and
      that the inhibitory effect of tamoxifen and its derivatives on the conversion of
      this sulfate to E2 could be involved in the anti-estrogenic process of these
      triphenylethylene derivatives.

PMID- 3383173
TI  - Varying oncomodulin mRNA abundance in developing placenta and solid tumors.
AB  - An antisense RNA probe complementary to rat oncomodulin mRNA has been prepared by
      run-off transcription. Blots of RNA isolated from tumors arising from both a
      chemically-induced hepatoma or virally transformed sarcomas, when probed with
      this antisense RNA, identified a common single hybridizable RNA of approx. 750
      nucleotides, corresponding in size to that found in blots of RNA from rat
      placenta. Quantitative densitometry of dot blot autoradiographs allowed for
      relative measurements of oncomodulin mRNA in the various tumors. The increased
      sensitivity of detection afforded by the antisense probe permitted the
      measurement of oncomodulin mRNA in the developing placenta, which was not
      possible using DNA probes. In both tumors and placenta, a plot of mRNA versus
      protein revealed a direct relationship suggesting transcriptional control of
      oncomodulin abundance.

PMID- 3383174
TI  - Breast carcinomas detected by thallium-201 scintigraphy.
AB  - Thallium-201 chloride scintigrams were made of GR mice bearing transplanted
      mammary tumours, and of human patients with breast cancer. The studies on the
      experimental system using GR mouse mammary tumours showed that the oestrogen
      responsive tumours incorporated significantly more Tl-201 chloride than the
      oestrogen non-responsive tumours. In order to investigate the usefulness of Tl
      201 chloride scintigraphy for human patients, a study was carried out on 15 women
      with primary or advanced breast cancer in which Tl-201 chloride scintigraphy was
      compared with bone scintigraphy using Technetium-99m. The results indicated that
      Tl-201, chloride scintigraphy was a very useful method for detection of primary
      breast cancer and metastases, and in some cases it revealed tumour structures not
      detected by Technetium-99m. We propose that Tl-201 chloride scintigraphy can be a
      useful method for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

PMID- 3383175
TI  - Effects of glucocorticoid hormones on radiation induced and 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate enhanced radiation transformation in vitro.
AB  - We have studied the interactions of glucocorticoid hormones with radiation in the
      induction of transformation in vitro in C3H10T1/2 cells. We have observed that
      cortisone has its primary enhancing effect on radiation transformation when
      present after the radiation exposure during the "expression period", or the time
      after carcinogen exposure during which promoting agents have been shown to
      enhance radiation transformation in vitro, and that two different glucocorticoid
      hormones, dexamethasone and cortisone, have a suppressive effect on the 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) enhancement of radiation transformation in
      vitro.

PMID- 3383176
TI  - Circulating immune complexes as an immunological marker in premalignant and
      malignant lesions of the oral cavity.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes and their immunoglobulin contents were estimated in
      the sera of 50 patients with oral leukoplakia, 50 patients with oral submucous
      fibrosis and 50 oral cancer patients. The values were compared with that of 50
      normal controls. The circulating immune complexes and their immunoglobulin
      contents were found to be elevated significantly both in oral submucous fibrosis
      and oral cancer. This study seems to be of help in monitoring the malignant
      transformation of oral submucous fibrosis to oral cancer.

PMID- 3383177
TI  - Inhibitory action of garlic oil on the initiation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin
      carcinogenesis in mice.
AB  - When garlic oil was topically applied during the initiation phase of
      benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P)-induced skin carcinogenesis in random bred adult female
      Swiss albino mice of two different substrains, there was a decline in the number
      of tumor-bearing mice as well as in the mean number of tumors per effective
      mouse.

PMID- 3383178
TI  - Excretion of mutagens in sweat from humans treated with anti-neoplastic drugs.
AB  - Base substitution mutagens were isolated and concentrated from sweat and urine of
      7 patients treated with cyclophosphamide and other antineoplastic drugs. These
      samples were tested in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535. The perspiration samples
      were collected under normal physiological conditions for 8 h after medication and
      urine samples were collected 8 h after medication. The perspiration samples from
      the patients were significantly more mutagenic than perspiration samples from the
      7 control persons. No correlation was found between the mutagenicity of the
      perspiration samples and the urine samples.

PMID- 3383179
TI  - Differential induction of DNA strand breaks by nitrosamines in the rat liver and
      esophagus.
AB  - Hepatic and esophageal nuclei were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with
      5 mg/kg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2.5 mg
      and 10 mg/kg methylbenzylnitrosamine (MBN) and subjected to alkaline elution to
      determine DNA strand breaks and their subsequent repair. Results obtained showed
      that hepatic nuclei isolated from rats 4 h after treatment by either DMN or DEN
      had about 60% of the DNA eluting through the filter. However, at 12 h post
      treatment, while about 50% of the single-strand breaks in dimethylnitrosamine
      treated rats were repaired, only about 10-15% of such breaks induced by DEN were
      repaired in the liver. That DEN is a more effective inducer of hepatic
      preneoplastic lesions could thus be attributed to this slow repair of the DEN
      induced lesions. Strand breaks were neither induced by DMN in the esophagus nor
      by MBN in the liver, the nontarget tissues. More surprising, however, was the
      finding that MBN induced little or no single-strand breaks in its target tissue,
      the esophagus. Furthermore, there was no evidence for DNA-protein cross-linking
      or alkali labile sites in the esophageal DNA. The results indicate that DNA
      damage induced by the initiating carcinogen in the target tissue may not
      necessarily involve strand breaks.

PMID- 3383180
TI  - Amine nitrosation by sodium nitroprusside.
AB  - Nitrosamine formation from the reaction of nitroprusside with morpholine was
      found to be a light-dependent reaction. Maximum nitrosation occurred when the
      reactants were exposed to UV light (lambda = 275-300 nm). However, considerable
      nitrosation also occurred with light in the visible spectrum up to 500 nm. No
      significant nitrosamine formation was observed when the reactants were kept in
      the dark. Data concerning the effects of other physical and chemical factors such
      as pH, temperature and reactant concentration on the reaction between morpholine
      and sodium nitroprusside are also presented.

PMID- 3383181
TI  - Combined effects of L-ascorbic acid, citric acid or their sodium salts on tumor
      induction by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine or N-ethyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in the rat urinary bladder.
AB  - L-Ascorbic acid, citric acid or their sodium salts (at levels equivalent to 5%
      sodium L-ascorbate) were fed in the diet simultaneously with N-butyl-N-(4
      hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) or N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (EHBN)
      (0.025% BBN or 0.021% EHBN) in the drinking water to male F344 rats for 20 weeks
      to determine whether urinary pH changes affect the carcinogenicity of BBN or
      EHBN. In the urine, pH was decreased in rats fed the acidic chemicals and
      increased in rats fed their corresponding sodium salts. Histopathologically, the
      incidences and numbers of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in groups treated
      with each test chemical were not different from those in control groups except
      for sodium citrate-treated groups in which induction of carcinomas was higher,
      resulting from increased intake of either carcinogen and also from increased
      urinary excretion of main carcinogenic metabolites. These results show that the
      test chemicals do not affect the carcinogenicity of BBN or EHBN on the rat
      urinary bladder when simultaneously administered despite significant differences
      in urinary pH.

PMID- 3383182
TI  - Charge heterogeneity of human mammary tumor estrogen receptors. Relationship with
      a hormonal sensitivity tumor marker.
AB  - A high resolution quantitative method for estrogen receptor analysis has been
      elaborated using isoelectric focusing in 0.5% agarose gel, without any prior
      trypsin digestion. The 23 cytosols analyzed were stabilized by molybdate and
      prepared from human mammary tumors with progesterone receptors (PR + cytosols) or
      without (PR - cytosols). Progesterone receptor was used as a tumoral hormonal
      sensitivity marker. The estrogen receptors usually resolved as 4 isoform peaks of
      close isoelectric points. In PR - cytosols, the mean pI values were 4.7, 5.5, 6
      and 6.5. Significant differences between the two cytosol populations were
      observed concerning pI 4.7 and 6.5 isoforms. In PR - cytosols, the pI 4.7 isoform
      occurred in greater proportions than in PR + cytosols, whereas lower proportions
      of pI 6.5 isoform were seen. The comparison between high performance size
      exclusion chromatography profiles and isoelectric focusing patterns, before and
      after cytosol incubation at 28 degrees C with KCl (0.4 M), confirmed an oligomer
      structure for the pI 4.7 isoform and suggested a monomer structure (Stokes radius
      2.9 mm) for the pI 6.5 estrogen receptor isoform. The results indicated that
      isoelectric focusing analysis of estrogen receptors could be useful in the
      prediction of breast cancer hormonal sensitivity.

PMID- 3383183
TI  - The first identification of the benzenediazonium ion formation from a non
      aminoazo dye, 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene (Sudan I) by microsomes of rat
      livers.
AB  - 1-Phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene (Sudan I) is converted by microsomal enzymes of
      rat livers in vitro to 5 products. Hepatic microsomes from 5,6-benzoflavone
      treated rats are more effective for the metabolism of Sudan I than those from
      phenobarbital- or Sudan I alone-treated rats. Major products formed by microsomes
      are identified as the ring-hydroxyderivatives of benzene and naphthalene rings.
      The formation of the benzenediazonium ion evolved by oxidative splitting of the
      azo group of Sudan I by microsomal enzymes is also proved. The oxidative
      splitting of Sudan I by microsomal enzymes may be considered as the possible
      mechanism of the Sudan I activation to the ultimate carcinogen (benzenediazonium
      ion).

PMID- 3383184
TI  - A new way to carcinogenicity of azo dyes: the benzenediazonium ion formed from a
      non-aminoazo dye, 1-phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene(Sudan I) by microsomal enzymes
      binds to deoxyguanosine residues of DNA.
AB  - 1-Phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene (Sudan I) activated by pre-incubation with
      microsomal enzymes of rat livers covalently binds to DNA from calf thymus.
      Benzenediazonium ion formed from Sudan I by activation with microsomal enzymes is
      the principal active metabolite, which binds to DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis of
      modified (14C-labelled) DNA, followed by separation of deoxynucleosides on a
      Sephadex G-10 column revealed that deoxyguanosine is the principal target for the
      binding of activated Sudan I. The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
      analysis indicate that probably more than one radioactive adduct of activated
      Sudan I with deoxyguanosine is formed.

PMID- 3383185
TI  - Metastatic bone cancer.

PMID- 3383186
TI  - Men's knowledge and health beliefs about testicular cancer and testicular self
      examination.

PMID- 3383187
TI  - Chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting in pediatric oncology patients.

PMID- 3383188
TI  - Breast examination in the older adult.

PMID- 3383189
TI  - Glucose diffusivity in multicellular tumor spheroids.
AB  - In order to understand the role of glucose limitations in controlling
      multicellular tumor spheroid growth, knowledge of the glucose diffusion
      coefficient is essential. The effective diffusivity of glucose in spheroids of
      rodent and human tumor cell lines has been determined by measuring the efflux of
      tritium labeled L-glucose from spheroids with time. When the rapid and
      irreversible binding of L-glucose in spheroids is properly taken into account,
      measurements of the efflux of this diffusion tracer from spheroids into label
      free medium can be correlated to the diffusion equation in order to obtain the
      effective glucose diffusivity in spheroids. Such measurements have been made in
      EMT6/Ro mouse mammary tumor spheroids as well as in spheroids derived from human
      colon carcinoma cells (HT29, CO112, and WiDr) and from human squamous carcinoma
      cells (CaSki and A431). EMT6/Ro spheroids have a glucose diffusivity of 1.1 x 10(
      6) cm2/s, while glucose diffusion coefficients in the human cell spheroids
      studied vary from 5.5 x 10(-7) cm2/s to 2.3 x 10(-7) cm2/s. These values are low
      enough to suggest that significant gradients in glucose concentration may exist
      in spheroids and tumors. It is thus believed that these glucose diffusivities, as
      well as their variation with cell line, may have important implications for the
      role played by glucose in the growth and cellular heterogeneity of spheroids and
      tumors.

PMID- 3383190
TI  - Effects of tumor cell viability and inoculum density on growth parameters in the
      human tumor, soft-agar clonogenic assay.
AB  - Four hundred and forty-seven human tumor specimens were accessioned and processed
      for clonogenic assay, yielding 374 specimens, representing 23 different
      histiotypes, adequate for culture. Different levels of viable cell inoculum
      density produced contrasting effects between 255 solid tumors as compared to 72
      malignant effusions and 47 bladder washings. All parameters for solid tumor
      growth were similar except plating efficiency; as inoculum density increased,
      plating efficiency decreased. For malignant effusions, no significant differences
      were noted for colony numbers or plating efficiency, but numbers of evaluable
      cultures increased significantly with increasing inoculum density. Bladder
      barbotage specimens followed a pattern similar to that of malignant effusions,
      but the only parameter significantly affected by increasing cell inoculum was
      colony number which increased proportionally to an increase in number of cells
      plated. The storage of 109 solid tumors at 4 degrees C, for culture at a later
      date, resulted in an overall decrease in cell viability (mean, 23.9%) as compared
      to 161 tumors processed on receipt (mean, 31.1%). This decrease in viability did
      not adversely affect growth parameters or culture evaluability rates. Based on a
      lower viable cell inoculum, the percentage of plating efficiencies of stored
      tumors was significantly higher (geometric mean, 0.127 compared to 0.079 for
      direct culture), colony numbers were similar for both groups, and culture
      evaluability rates did not differ greatly (80 and 76%).

PMID- 3383192
TI  - Enhancement of antitumor effects of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil combined with
      hyperthermia on Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo and Nakahara-Fukuoka sarcoma cell
      in vitro.
AB  - 1-Hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) was found to be hydrolyzed to 5
      fluorouracil (5-FU) depending on temperature. In this study, the antitumor
      effects of HCFU with hyperthermia were studied on Ehrlich ascites in tumor
      bearing CD-1 mice and Nakahara-Fukuoka sarcoma cells. Concurrently, the change of
      5-FU concentration in the Ehrlich tumor was also observed. In vivo, Ehrlich cells
      were transplanted in the foot pads of mice. HCFU (80 mg/kg) and 5-FU (40 mg/kg)
      (same molarity) were administered orally on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th days after
      transplantation and simultaneously hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C, 45 min) was
      induced. The antitumor effect was evaluated by the tumor volume. On the 9th day
      after transplantation, HCFU (150 mg/kg) and 5-FU (75 mg/kg) were administered
      with or without hyperthermia (43.5 degrees C, 45 min) and the tumor tissues were
      taken for 5-FU concentration analysis. In addition, Nakahara-Fukuoka sarcoma
      cells were incubated (42 degrees C various times) with our without HCFU and 5-FU
      (both 1 x 10(-4) M) in vitro. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by colony forming
      assay. The most effective condition was found to be the combination of HCFU with
      hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo. The highest 5-FU concentration was observed by
      the treatment of HCFU combined with hyperthermia in vivo. Hence, HCFU could be
      clinically useful in thermochemotherapy.

PMID- 3383191
TI  - Changes in expression of oncogenes and endogenous retroviral-like sequences
      during colon carcinogenesis.
AB  - The possible roles in experimental colon carcinogenesis of two protooncogenes (c
      myc and c-H-ras), two endogenous retrovirus-related DNA sequences [rat leukemia
      virus (RaLV) and the 30S sequence], and two cell cycle related genes (beta-actin
      and ornithine decarboxylase) were studied by analyzing the levels of their
      corresponding RNAs during the course of azoxymethane induced and high fat
      promoted colon carcinogenesis. F-344 male rats received three s.c. injections of
      azoxymethane (15 mg/kg) or normal saline and were then subdivided into high or
      low fat diet groups. During subsequent serial sacrifices normal colon mucosa,
      adenomas, and carcinomas were harvested for histology and RNA extraction. Seventy
      one RNA samples were analyzed by the Northern blot hybridization procedure using
      the appropriate 32P-labeled DNA probes. A marked increase in the abundance of c
      myc, RaLV, and 30S RNAs were seen in all of the colon tumors, including adenomas
      and invasive carcinomas. No or a very low level of expression of RaLV and c-myc
      RNA was found in the flat grossly normal mucosa adjacent to the tumors and in the
      mucosa of the control rats. Some of the colon tumors also displayed increased
      levels of c-H-ras, ornithine decarboxylase and beta-actin RNAs but these findings
      were less striking and more variable than those seen with c-myc, RaLV, and 30S
      RNAs. These results suggest that increased expression of the c-myc protooncogene
      and of the endogenous retrovirus-like sequences (RaLV) and 30S are hallmarks of
      colon carcinogenesis in this model system.

PMID- 3383193
TI  - Reconstitution of rabbit liver microsomal N-nitrosopyrrolidine alpha-hydroxylase
      activity.
AB  - The in vitro alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) by both isolated
      rabbit liver microsomes and purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes was investigated.
      Microsomes from untreated rabbits catalyzed the alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR at
      rates similar to those reported previously for rats, mice, and hamsters. The
      effect of established inducers of microsomal P-450 caused complex changes in
      apparent rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR which made interpretation of
      responses to inducer pretreatment difficult and suggested the participation of
      multiple cytochrome P-450 isozymes in the metabolism of NPYR. Partial inhibition
      of alpha-hydroxylase activity by antibodies against rabbit isozymes 2, 3a, and 5
      indicated the participation of at least these three isozymes in microsomal
      catalysis. Reconstitution studies using purified rabbit isozymes 2, 3a, 3b, 3c,
      4, and 6 indicated that isozymes 2, 3a, 4, and 6 possessed significant alpha
      hydroxylase activity with isozymes 3a and 6 exhibiting the highest activity when
      assayed at 20 mM NPYR. As NPYR concentrations were decreased, the rates of
      catalysis for the reconstituted systems were differentially decreased such that
      isozyme 3a exhibited the highest activity at low NPYR concentrations. These data
      indicate that isozyme 3a is the preferred catalyst for the alpha-hydroxylation of
      NPYR at low substrate concentrations and suggest that conditions such as chronic
      ethanol consumption which lead to the induction of isozyme 3a in rabbits or its
      orthologue in other species can account for enhanced rates of alpha-hydroxylation
      and metabolic activation of NPYR.

PMID- 3383194
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on the in vivo growth of murine melanoma cells.
AB  - The role of UV radiation in the development of malignant melanoma has yet to be
      clearly defined. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether UV
      irradiation of mice produces local or systemic alterations that increase the in
      vivo growth of transplanted melanoma cells. K-1735 melanoma cells were injected
      into the external ears of syngeneic C3H mice. UV irradiation of the mice before
      or at the time of injection of the melanoma cells accelerated the appearance of
      the tumors. The effect was observed when melanoma cells were transplanted
      directly into the site of UV irradiation, but not when they were injected into an
      unirradiated site. The initial survival of radiolabeled melanoma cells at the
      site of inoculation was not altered by UV irradiation of the host, suggesting
      that the accelerated appearance of tumors was due to an increase in the
      clonogenic potential of cells injected into UV-irradiated skin. The effect of UV
      irradiation on the development of other syngeneic tumors was also investigated.
      The outgrowth of a second melanoma was also accelerated in UV-irradiated mice,
      whereas the growth of a UV-induced fibrosarcoma, a methylcholanthrene-induced
      fibrosarcoma, and a spontaneous hepatocarcinoma was not affected. These results
      suggest that, in addition to its carcinogenic activity, UV radiation may
      contribute to the incidence of cutaneous melanoma because of a local effect on
      the skin that stimulates melanoma development.

PMID- 3383196
TI  - Mathematical model of simultaneous diffusion and binding of antitumor antibodies
      in multicellular human tumor spheroids.
AB  - Multicellular tumor spheroids are widely used as in vitro models of poorly
      vascularized tumor nodules in vivo. The uptake kinetics of tumor-associated
      antibodies in multicellular tumor spheroids is assumed to be governed by passive
      diffusion and irreversible binding of the antibodies with binding sites on the
      cell surface. By further assuming that the spheroids are homogeneous with respect
      to diffusion and binding, a mathematical model has been developed which permits
      the extraction of the macroscopic diffusion constant D and the macroscopic
      binding rate k from empirical studies. The model was applied to uptake kinetics
      data obtained (a) with a melanoma-associated monoclonal antibody 96.5 (isotype
      IgG2a)-human multicellular melanoma spheroid system exhibiting strong antibody to
      cell binding and (b) with the same monoclonal antibody-human multicellular colon
      adenocarcinoma HT29 spheroid system exhibiting nonspecific binding. The spheroids
      had approximately 300 microns diameter. The constants D and k were estimated to
      be 0.45 micron2 s-1 and 2.0 x 10(-3) s-1, respectively, for the system with
      specific binding. Saturation of binding sites occurred. In the nonspecific
      binding system, D and k were found to be 0.10 micron2 s-1 and 1.0 x 10(-5) s-1.
      No saturation of binding sites occurred. D and k were also estimated to be,
      respectively, 0.52 micron2 s-1 and 6.4 x 10(-5) s-1 for another melanoma
      associated monoclonal antibody 140.240 (same isotype as 96.5) in the melanoma
      spheroid system exhibiting moderate cell binding with the antibody. The
      mathematical model describes well the system exhibiting nonspecific binding, but
      requires modifications and further development for the systems exhibiting
      moderate to strong binding.

PMID- 3383195
TI  - Comparison of the cellular pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 2',2'
      difluorodeoxycytidine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
AB  - 2',2'-Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) is a new deoxycytidine analogue with good
      activity against human leukemic cell lines and murine solid tumors, while the
      activity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) is established in
      experimental systems and for the treatment of human adult leukemia. This study
      compared the cellular metabolism and cytotoxic properties of dFdC and ara-C in
      Chinese hamster ovary cells. In wild-type cells, dFdC was significantly more
      cytotoxic than ara-C after both 4- and 18-h incubations. The 5'-triphosphate of
      dFdC (dFdCTP) was the major cellular metabolite (85-90%), reaching cellular
      concentrations up to 20-fold greater than those observed for ara-C 5'
      triphosphate at equimolar concentrations of the parent drug. A deoxycytidine
      kinase-deficient mutant neither accumulated dFdCTP nor showed any cytotoxic
      response up to drug concentrations of 100 microM. The cytotoxicity of dFdC could
      be competitively reversed by deoxycytidine further suggesting that dFdC, like ara
      C, required phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase for biological activity.
      Several explanations for the different cellular accumulation of the drug
      triphosphates were established: (a) nucleoside transport studies demonstrated
      that the membrane permeation of dFdC was 65% more rapid than that of ara-C; (b)
      deoxycytidine kinase had a higher affinity for dFdC (Km = 3.6 microM) than for
      ara-C (Km = 8.8 microM), while the Km for deoxycytidine was 1.4 microM; (c) the
      elimination of intracellular dFdCTP was biphasic with t1/2 alpha = 3.9 and t1/2
      beta greater than 16 h while the degradation of ara-CTP was monophasic and
      significantly faster (t1/2 = 0.7 h). The comparatively long half-life of dFdCTP
      was related to the prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis after removal of
      exogenous nucleoside. Together these factors contribute to the more potent
      cytotoxicity of dFdC compared with ara-C.

PMID- 3383197
TI  - Marked increase in the urinary level of N-nitrosothioproline after ingestion of
      cod with vegetables.
AB  - When five volunteers were given food containing cod and vegetables (a traditional
      Japanese food, called tara-chiri), their urinary excretion of N
      nitrosothioproline increased from 7.9 +/- 4.2 (SD) micrograms/day to 110 +/- 64.5
      micrograms/day. This increase was accounted for by in vivo nitrosation of of
      thioproline by nitrite formed from nitrate in the vegetables. This finding was
      confirmed by results on a volunteer who ate boiled cod and Japanese radish
      (daikon) (a simple version of the food containing cod and vegetables). Boiled cod
      was found to contain 300-500 micrograms/100 g of thioproline, and the level
      nearly doubled when the cod was boiled with Japanese radish. This increase
      occurred during the cooking of cod with Japanese radish by the reaction of
      formaldehyde in the cod with cysteine in the Japanese radish. The nitrosation of
      thioproline was estimated to be 1000-fold that of proline in the human body. Thus
      thioproline is a very sensitive probe of in vivo nitrosation. Thioproline
      formation either in vivo or in vitro may have the following two roles in reducing
      tumorigenesis in humans: (a) detoxication of formaldehyde, which is genotoxic;
      and (b) blocking the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds by trapping
      nitrite and then being excreted in the urine.

PMID- 3383198
TI  - Morphological study of the interaction of intravascular tumor cells with
      endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix.
AB  - Multiple steps or events have been described as essential in the metastatic
      cascade. Tail vein injection of single cell suspensions was used to study the
      ultrastructural details of the events involved in the initial arrest and
      attachment of circulating tumor cells. Lewis Lung Carcinoma (3LL) and a mammary
      adenocarcinoma (16c) were compared to a previous ultrastructural study of B16
      amelanotic melanoma (B16a) detailing morphological events in the initial arrest
      and attachment of tumor cells in lung. The three murine tumors followed similar
      steps and varied only slightly in the time sequence of the steps. We observed the
      following steps: (a) initial arrest of tumor cells was characterized by an
      intimate tumor endothelial cell contact; (b) platelet activation and aggregation
      was noted by two minutes. Platelet aggregation continued for 1-4 h until a
      thrombus formed; (c) after approximately 4 h endothelial cell separation with
      extension of the tumor cell to the subendothelial matrix was noted; (d) at
      approximately 24 h the tumor cell associated thrombus dissipated and the attached
      tumor cells were exposed to a reestablished circulation. (e) mitoses were
      observed after 24 h with cell division and the development of intravascular tumor
      nodules; (f) the final step in the extravasation sequence was dissolution of the
      basement membrane by the attached tumor cells.

PMID- 3383199
TI  - N-myc expression in neoplasia of human thyroid C-cells.
AB  - In view of the frequent reports of the increased expression of myc oncogenes in
      several neuroendocrine tumor types, we have investigated c- and N-myc expression
      in human medullary carcinoma, a malignant tumor derived from the neuroendocrine
      "C"-cell subpopulation of the thyroid gland. In situ nucleic acid hybridization
      was used to permit analysis not only of tumors but also of normal C-cells which
      form a tiny, scattered, minority of the thyroid epithelial cell population. N-myc
      expression was readily demonstrable in 6 of 21 tumor samples and c-myc in one
      case, whereas neither N- nor c-myc mRNA was ever detected in normal C-cells. We
      conclude that N-myc expression is a specific feature of C-cell tumors and is not
      merely a differentiation marker of their cell of origin. The data therefore
      strengthen the hypothesis that myc oncogene activation plays a role in
      neuroendocrine neoplasia.

PMID- 3383200
TI  - Expression of neuroendocrine cell markers L-dopa decarboxylase, chromogranin A,
      and dense core granules in human tumors of endocrine and nonendocrine origin.
AB  - We evaluated the usefulness of L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC) as a tumor marker of
      neuroendocrine (NE) cell differentiation by measuring its expression in 432 human
      tumors of diverse types and origins. A subset of these tumors and cell lines
      derived from them also were studied for expression of two other general NE cell
      markers, chromogranin A (CgA) and dense core granules (DCG). High concentrations
      of DDC were present in 96 of 117 (82%) tumors recognized to be of NE or neural
      origin. As expected, endocrine tumors not recognized to be of NE cell origin, as
      well as leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, melanomas, and germ cell tumors, lacked
      DDC expression. Of interest, modest concentrations of DDC were present in 46 of
      220 (21%) nonendocrine carcinomas, especially non-small cell lung and colorectal
      carcinomas. We studied concordant expression of the three NE cell markers in lung
      and colorectal tumors and cell lines. In both tumor types there was nearly 100%
      concordance between CgA and DCG expression. There was an excellent correlation
      between DDC and CgA expression in lung cancers, both small cell and non-small
      cell, but DDC positive colorectal carcinomas usually lacked CgA expression. We
      conclude: (a) DDC is an excellent cellular marker for tumors of the NE cell
      system; (b) about 20% of carcinomas not of NE cell origin, especially non-small
      cell lung and colorectal carcinomas, express DDC, suggesting a common endodermal
      origin of all of the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosal cells; and (c) CgA
      and DCG are expressed concordantly, indicating that CgA expression may be used as
      a substitute for ultrastructural examination of tumors for DCG expression.

PMID- 3383201
TI  - Pattern of epithelial cell proliferation in colorectal mucosa of normal subjects
      and of patients with adenomatous polyps or cancer of the large bowel.
AB  - Microautoradiography has been largely used to characterize the proliferative
      activity of colorectal mucosa. We used this technique in a large series of
      patients with polyps or cancer of the large bowel and in normal controls with the
      following objectives: (a) to define the normal pattern of cell replication in
      different tracts of the large bowel; (b) to compare the proliferative activity of
      colonic crypts in patients with colorectal cancer or polyps with that of
      controls; (c) to evaluate replicative activity of colorectal mucosa in the close
      vicinity and at distance from a neoplastic mass. Specimens of colorectal mucosa
      were taken during endoscopy (controls and polyps) or at surgery (cancer). During
      histological examination each intestinal hemicrypt was divided into five equal
      longitudinal compartments from the base to the surface and the labeled cells in
      each compartment were counted. In controls, total labeling index (ratio of
      labeled to total cells) and labeling index per crypt compartment showed only
      minor differences between the various large bowel tracts. Total labeling index
      tended to be higher in patients with polyps or cancer than in controls (13.5 +/-
      0.4 and 12.5 +/- 0.4, respectively, versus 11.3 +/- 0.5). Labeling index per
      crypt compartment in the most superficial portions of the crypt (compartments 3
      to 5) was significantly higher in the two groups of patients with tumors than in
      controls. This was particularly evident in the fifth compartment (the most
      superficial), in which labeled cells were observed in 15.8% (three subjects out
      of 19) of controls but in 71% (15 out of 21) and 87.5% (14 out of 16) of polyp
      and cancer patients, respectively. In patients with colorectal cancer there were
      not significant differences of cell proliferation between mucosal samples taken
      at various distances from the tumor margin; however, increased cell replication,
      especially in the most superficial portions of the crypt, has been observed. In
      conclusion, a significant upwards expansion of the proliferative zone of
      intestinal glands has been observed in patients with either polyps or cancer of
      the large bowel. In particular, labeling of the fifth compartment seems to
      possess the highest discriminatory power between subjects with or without
      intestinal neoplasms. Hyperproliferation of the entire colonic mucosa seems to be
      a common feature in patients with colorectal cancer.

PMID- 3383202
TI  - Limited sampling models for amonafide (NSC 308847) pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The limited sampling model (LSM) offers a means of estimating the area under the
      concentration-time curve (AUC) from only two timed plasma concentrations. In this
      study, pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated for 23 patients treated with
      amonafide, using each patient's individual pharmacokinetic parameters. Data were
      simulated for a dose of 250 mg/m2 administered over 1 h. The initial 15 patients
      formed the training data set. Based on the training data set, five different LSMs
      were generated, with the multiple r ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. A single model was
      selected as optimal: AUC (micrograms min/ml) = 292.9 (min) C45 (micrograms/ml) +
      3262 (min) C1440 (micrograms/ml) + 21.8 (micrograms min/ml) dose (mg/m2)/250
      mg/m2 where C45 = 45-min plasma concentration and C1440 = 24-h plasma
      concentration. This model was revalidated on a second test data set of seven
      patients actually treated with a 1-h infusion. The relative root mean square
      predictive error was 15.8%, acceptable for most clinical uses. We conclude that
      the LSM is a powerful tool for estimation of the AUC in a large patient
      population. The LSM may facilitate population pharmacodynamic studies in
      conjunction with Phase II trials.

PMID- 3383203
TI  - The intraperitoneal delivery of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies: studies on
      the regional delivery advantage.
AB  - The i.p. delivery of murine monoclonal antibody was compared with i.v. delivery
      in normal mice and rats, in normal nude mice and in those with i.p. human ovarian
      carcinoma xenografts. In normal rats, all classes of antibodies and antibody
      fragments evaluated were cleared from the peritoneal cavity at comparable rates.
      The regional delivery (Rd1) advantage to the peritoneal cavity following i.p.
      delivery was thus most dependent on the rate of clearance of the antibody or
      fragment from the blood stream. Determining the exact i.p. delivery advantage was
      problematic due to the difficulty in reliably obtaining peritoneal fluid later
      than 9-10 h after i.p. injection in normal animals. During the first 9 h
      following i.p. injection, the Rd(0-9/0-9) was, for a murine IgG2ak Fab greater
      than F(ab')2 greater than IgG (at 13.6 greater than 10 greater than 7.9). Two
      murine IgMs evaluated differed in Rd(0-9) at 27.1 and 9.2 respectively. When
      blood levels were extrapolated to infinity, these Rd (0-9/affinity) values were
      considerably lower with the Fab having the highest Rd at 4.67. The i.p. Rd
      advantage was almost solely due to the i.p. antibody levels seen in the first 24
      h after injection, as after that time, blood levels become comparable to those
      seen following i.v. injection. Normal tissues obtained at sacrifice 5-7 days
      after i.p. injection. Normal tissues obtained at sacrifice 5-7 days after i.p. or
      i.v. injection in rats showed comparable levels of radioantibody activity,
      whether the injection was i.p. or i.v. (except for higher diaphragmatic levels
      following i.p. delivery). In nude mice with i.p. human-derived ovarian tumors,
      intact IgG clearance from the peritoneal cavity to the blood was considerably
      slower than in normal animals, and early i.p. tumor uptake of specific antibody
      was significantly higher than that following i.v. antibody delivery. With higher
      early tumor uptake and lower systemic exposure, early tumor/nontumor ratios were
      significantly greater than those for i.v. delivery, though not beyond 48 h after
      i.p. injection. This study demonstrates the pharmacokinetic rationale for i.p.
      monoclonal antibody delivery, especially for agents cleared rapidly from the
      blood, such as antibody fragments. In addition, definite i.p. delivery benefit
      for antibody specific to i.p. tumors in the i.p. ovarian cancer system was shown
      soon after injection. These data regarding i.p. antibody delivery should be
      useful in rationally planning diagnostic and therapeutic studies involving the
      i.p. delivery of unmodified and immunoconjugated monoclonal antibodies.

PMID- 3383204
TI  - Antitumor effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha against murine
      sarcomas at visceral sites: tumor size influences the response to therapy.
AB  - We examined the antitumor efficacy of rTNF-alpha administration on established
      tumor at two visceral sites, lungs and liver. Treatment of B6 mice harboring
      multiple (greater than 100 foci of less than or equal to 0.5 mm diameter) 10-day
      pulmonary macrometastases from the MCA-106 sarcoma, with dosages of rTNF-alpha (5
      10 micrograms, single dose i.v.) that caused hemorrhagic necrosis and regression
      of a 6 mm MCA-106 s.c. tumor, had no impact on the number (or size) of lung
      nodules. Similarly, rTNF-alpha failed to show an antitumor effect in B6 mice with
      advanced day 8 or 10 multiple (greater than 100 foci of less than or equal to 0.5
      mm diameter) hepatic metastases at single i.v. doses up to 20 micrograms, as
      measured by either enumeration of residual liver nodules or survival. B6 mice
      injected s.c. with MCA-106 sarcoma and treated with rTNF-alpha as a single i.v.
      dose on day 0, 3, 5, or 7 experienced marked tumor regression only after the day
      7 rTNF-alpha injection, when the tumor had achieved a size of 5-6 mm in diameter.
      Since tumor size appeared important for rTNF-alpha susceptibility in vivo, we
      next induced a single hepatic tumor of the MCA-106 sarcoma by the direct
      injection of cells into the left lobe of the liver and treated these mice at day
      10 when the nodule had achieved a size of 5-6 mm in diameter. Increasing doses of
      rTNF-alpha (up to 8 micrograms) given as a single i.v. injection resulted in
      increasingly greater reductions in hepatic tumor as well as significant survival
      benefit of the treated mice. Sites of regressing hepatic tumor exhibited central
      necrosis accompanied by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes.
      Collectively, these results show that rTNF-alpha administration can mediate a
      significant antitumor effect on visceral tumor and suggest that tumor size is an
      important factor in rTNF-alpha susceptibility not only for tumors growing at s.c.
      sites but also for those established at visceral sites.

PMID- 3383205
TI  - Parameters involved in the enhancement of monoclonal antibody targeting in vivo
      with recombinant interferon.
AB  - The effects of recombinant human leukocyte (clone A) interferon (rHu-IFN-alpha A)
      were investigated on the expression of monoclonal antibody (MAb)-defined tumor
      antigens expressed on human mammary and colon carcinomas. The rHu-IFN-alpha A
      treatment substantially increased the localization of radiolabeled MAb B6.2
      F(ab')2 to the transplantable Clouser human mammary carcinoma, as well as to the
      moderately differentiated human colon xenograft WiDr, when grown as s.c. tumors
      in athymic mice. In contrast, human tumor cell lines (i.e., LS174T, A375, etc.)
      that were unresponsive to the antigen-augmenting ability of rHu-IFN-alpha A in
      vitro were also unresponsive in vivo, indicating a possible method of screening
      carcinoma cell populations for subsequent rHu-IFN-alpha A adjuvant therapy prior
      to MAb administration. The method of delivery of rHu-IFN-alpha A was also
      studied. The i.m. route resulted in a 3-4 h plasma half-life for rHu-IFN-alpha A.
      The administration of rHu-IFN-alpha A via an osmotic pump resulted in a stable
      circulating plasma titer of 400-800 antiviral units/ml for 7 days. Utilizing
      delivery of rHu-IFN-alpha A by the constant infusion route, it was found that the
      increase in localization of 125I-B6.2-F(ab')2 was dependent on (1) the length of
      time of treatment and (2) the circulating plasma rHu-IFN-alpha A levels. These
      results thus provide information useful for subsequent studies to determine the
      potential efficacy of adjuvant rHu-IFN-alpha A treatment for MAb-targeted tumor
      diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 3383207
TI  - Autologous antibodies to human bladder cancer.
AB  - The autologous serologic reactivity of 13 patients with bladder cancer was
      evaluated using cell lines derived from each individual's own tumor as targets.
      Protein A and immune adherence assays were employed to determine antibody binding
      to the tumor targets at varying passage numbers. Autologous reactivity was found
      in 6 of the 13 cell lines tested. However, the titer was usually low regardless
      of the passage number. Seven autologous serum/cell line combinations were tested
      using both low and high passage cells as targets. In six of these combinations,
      the degree of antibody binding was similar with both low and high passage target
      cells. The incidence of autologous reactivity in the 12 patients with urothelial
      tumors was 50%.

PMID- 3383208
TI  - The trochlear motoneurons of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis): location,
      morphology and numbers as revealed with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The cells of origin of the trochlear nerve of Lampetra fluviatilis have been
      labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to compare the location and
      morphology of trochlear motoneurons with those of other vertebrates and to gain
      insight into the phylogenetic changes of the trochlear system. About 126 bipolar
      and tripolar trochlear motoneuron perikarya are found in a dorsal tegmental
      position close to the trochlear root. Only approximately 16% of the labelled
      cells are on the ipsilateral side of the brain, i.e. they lie predominantly
      contralateral as in gnathostome vertebrates. Dorsally directed dendrites reach
      the area of lateral-line and retinofugal fibres, and may establish functional
      contacts. In addition, each motoneuron has a ventral dendrite that extends
      towards the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and to the ventral tegmentum. The
      dendrites branch close to the oculomotor root. Lampreys show a low muscle fibre
      to motoneuron ratio (4.5:1), i.e., they resemble amniotic vertebrates more than
      other anamniotic vertebrates. These data demonstrate both closer resemblance and
      larger differences of cyclostome and gnathostome trochlear motoneurons than
      previously suggested.

PMID- 3383206
TI  - Differential sensitivity to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity of two rat colon
      adenocarcinoma variants differing in their tumorigenicity: identification of the
      effector cells as natural killer cells.
AB  - DHD/K12 TRb (PROb) and DHD/K12 TSb (REGb) are two cancer cell variants
      originating from the same rat colon adenocarcinoma. They differ in their
      tumorigenicity: when inoculated into syngeneic BDIX rats, PROb cells induce
      progressive tumors whereas REGb cells induce tumors which always regress. As
      previously described, there is an inverse relation between their tumorigenicity
      and their susceptibility to NCMC mediated by syngeneic spleen or peripheral blood
      lymphocytes: PROb cells are significantly less sensitive to NCMC than REGb cells.
      This suggests a role for NCMC in the regression of REGb tumors. In this work the
      BDIX NCMC effector cells active in vitro against REGb cells were identified as NK
      cells according to four criteria: (1) efficacy in a 4-h 51Cr release assay, (2)
      sensitivity to anti-asGM1 antibody plus complement, (3) LGL morphology, and (4)
      ability to bind with the same affinity REGb and YAC-1 cells. In spleen, these NK
      cells were heterogeneous with respect to their asGM1 surface density and their
      morphology. PROb cells were not lysed by these NK cells in a short-term
      cytotoxicity assay, but only in a 16-h assay. It was shown that PROb and REGb
      cells were bound with the same affinity by NK cells, thus they certainly differ
      in their ability to resist to NK lytic mechanisms. This difference could play a
      role in the different tumorigenicity of the two variants.

PMID- 3383209
TI  - Neuronal transformations in Alzheimer's disease.
AB  - Brains of nine early and four advanced Alzheimer patients have been investigated,
      utilizing three approaches to specify the threshold state of Alzheimer's disease
      (AD). Extensive thin sectioning electron microscopy (EM) of frontal lobe
      biopsies, correlated with stringent clinical assessment, has demonstrated that
      the neuronal cytoskeleton undergoes specific transformations into paired helical
      filament-like (PHF-like) strands, which lead to the formation of the insoluble
      paracrystalline paired helical filaments (PHFs). The neurofilamentous network
      (NFN) transformation plays an important role in this process, whereby
      segregation, posttranslational modifications and reassembly of the modified
      components through autocrosslinking, and phase transition occur. According to our
      data, the threshold state can be defined as the state of irreversible segregation
      and posttranslational modification of the NFN and the microtubule-associated
      proteins. At this state, therapeutic intervention to reverse the disease process
      may be possible. The results indicate similarities between the formation of the
      paracrystals of the PHFs and the formation of the tropomyosin-like crystals of
      the Hirano bodies. Close relationships among PHFs and smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum and plasma membrane do exist. Enveloped virus-like particles have been
      observed in neurons containing PHFs. A possible role of these virus-like
      particles as an etiological agent for AD is discussed.

PMID- 3383210
TI  - Distribution of microtubules and other cytoskeletal filaments during myotube
      elongation as revealed by fluorescence microscopy.
AB  - Distribution of microtubules and other cytoskeletal filaments in growing skeletal
      muscle cells (myotubes) was studied in vitro by fluorescence microscopy using
      fluorescin-labeled antibodies and phalloidin, a specific antiactin drug. In the
      distal elongating tips of myotubes, microtubules were the major cytoskeletal
      elements; actin and intermediate filaments were much less abundant. On the other
      hand, colcemid- and nocodozole-treatments caused disruption of microtubles and
      also prompt retraction of growth tips to form myosacs, a type of deformed
      myotube. Actin filaments remained unaffected during the retraction. The
      difference in the distribution of the 3 cytoskeletal filaments in the region of
      growth tips was most remarkable in the case of those myotubes in the process of
      recovery from myosacs. In an early phase of recovery, the cellular processes
      extending from myosacs were enriched with both microtubules and intermediate
      filaments, but not with actin filaments. Later, when the processes became further
      developed, intermediate filaments were scarce at the extreme ends. Fluorescein
      labeled actin introduced by a micro-injection method was minimally incorporated
      into filaments in the cellular processes. We conclude that microtubules make up
      the cytoskeletal element which is most responsible for elongation or spreading of
      growth tips of myotubes in vitro.

PMID- 3383211
TI  - Chloroquine and monensin inhibit induction of DNA synthesis in rat arterial
      smooth muscle cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor.
AB  - The weak base chloroquine and the Na+/H+ ionophore monensin were used to study
      the role of lysosomes in the induction of DNA synthesis by platelet-derived
      growth factor (PDGF) in rat arterial smooth muscle cells cultivated in vitro. The
      results show that PDGF initiates DNA synthesis in a defined, serum-free medium.
      This indicates that a single factor may control, directly or indirectly, the
      transition from the G0 to the G1 phase, the progress through the G1 phase, and
      the entrance into the S phase of the cell cycle. It is further demonstrated that
      PDGF has to be present throughout most of the prereplicative period (12-16 h) to
      induce DNA synthesis in the maximum number of cells, suggesting that one or more
      processes need to be stimulated continually or successively to push the cell into
      the S phase. Chloroquine and monensin inhibit induction of DNA replication by
      PDGF, with maximum effect at 50 microM and 5 microM, respectively. To be fully
      active, the drugs have to be added within 4-8 h after the growth factor, but a
      partial inhibition persists if they are added at any time during the
      prereplicative period. Both drugs reduce PDGF-stimulated RNA and protein
      synthesis, and suppress degradation of [3H]leucine-labeled cellular protein and
      [125I]-labeled PDGF. Fine-structurally, they give rise to an accumulation of
      lysosomes or prelysosomal vacuoles with inclusions of incompletely degraded
      material. These findings suggest that the mitogenic effect of PDGF is dependent
      on a normal function of lysosomes during the prereplicative phase, especially its
      first half (0-8 h).

PMID- 3383212
TI  - A pineal ganglion associated with the pineal tract in the domestic fowl.
AB  - A ganglion-like aggregate consisting of acetyl-cholinesterase-positive neurons
      was demonstrated in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl by means of light and
      electron microscopy. This ganglion is located in juxtaposition with the pineal
      tract at the posterior (caudal) aspect of the pineal stalk. Numerous large and
      small neurons formed the ganglion in 40-day-old domestic fowl. Some of these
      nerve cells established direct neuro-neuronal contacts, others were surrounded by
      satellite cells. These ganglion cells displayed axo-somatic and axo-dendritic
      synapses. The above-mentioned cluster of nerve cells may be considered as a
      "pineal ganglion". It central or peripheral nature is open to discussion.

PMID- 3383213
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of antagglutinin in the boar epididymis.
AB  - Antagglutinin, a specific protein synthesized by the boar epididymis, was
      localized by the biotin-streptavidin method in all the principal cells of the
      caput and corpus epididymidis as well as in the lumen of this organ.
      Intracellular staining, which was first detected in the initial segment, appeared
      stronger in the distal caput and in the corpus but diminished and disappeared in
      the caudal epididymal cells. In all the principal cells, a consistent reaction
      product was localized in the large Golgi complex. Only slight and diffuse
      immunoreactive material was detected in the cytoplasm, except in the middle caput
      where the heterogeneous reactive granules appeared to be intracellular sites of
      degradation of this protein. In the lumen, the intensity of reaction increased
      from the caput to the cauda. Antagglutinin appeared strongly associated with the
      luminal surfaces, especially around and between the stereocilia. However, the
      spermatozoa also exhibited a distinct pattern of immunostaining. The results are
      discussed in relation to protein secretion in the epididymis and to the role of
      antagglutinin in the gamete-interaction process.

PMID- 3383214
TI  - Sulfation of thyroglobulin: a ubiquitous modification in vertebrates.
AB  - Mammalian thyroglobulin is released by thyroid follicle cells as a sulfated
      glycoprotein; the sulfate residues are mostly linked to tyrosine, but they are
      also attached to the high-mannose carbohydrate side-chains. To decide whether
      sulfation of thyroglobulin is confined to mammals, representatives of other
      vertebrate classes were analyzed for the presence of sulfated thyroglobulin: fish
      (trout), amphibians (clawed toad) and birds (chicken). Mini-organs were prepared
      from thyroid tissue and suspended in a 35SO4-(-)-containing culture medium. Light
      and electron-microscope autoradiographs prepared from the mini-organs showed
      that thyroid follicle cells from all species examined incorporate 35SO4-(-) and
      synthesize a sulfated secretory product which accumulates in the follicle lumen.
      The Golgi complex was detected as the primary intracellular site of sulfate
      organification. The 35SO4-(-)-radiolabeled secretory product of all species was
      shown by polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analyses to consist of thyroglobulin,
      identified by comparison with biosynthetically 125I-labeled thyroglobulin. The
      results indicate that the sulfation of thyroglobulin is a ubiquitous post
      translational modification observed already in the thyroglobulin of lower
      vertebrates. Our observations suggest that sulfation of thyroglobulin was
      acquired in the early stages of thyroid evolution.

PMID- 3383215
TI  - Developmental appearance of the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin D
      28K, S-100 proteins and calmodulin during testicular development in the rat.
AB  - Calcium and intracellular Ca2+-binding proteins are possibly involved in hormone
      production and spermatogenesis in rat testis. Parvalbumin, calbindin D-28K, S-100
      proteins and calmodulin were localized in the Leydig cells, which are sites of
      testosterone synthesis. Only the appearance of parvalbumin-immunoreactivity is
      closely correlated to testosterone production during development of the testes.
      Calbindin D-28K-immunoreactivity persisted in foetal-type Leydig cells and in
      adult-type Leydig cells at all stages of development. S-100-immunoreactivity was
      low during all foetal stages, absent between birth and puberty, and increased
      thereafter. Calmodulin staining is most prominent in the cytoplasm of developing
      spermatocytes and of maturing spermatids. All four proteins co-exist in the
      seminiferous tubules. The distinct localization and developmental appearance of
      these proteins suggests different regulatory roles in Leydig cell function and
      spermatogenesis.

PMID- 3383216
TI  - Basement-membrane components associated with the extracellular matrix of the
      lymph node.
AB  - Lymph nodes contain an extensive array of extracellular matrix fibers frequently
      referred to as "reticular fibers" because of their reticular pattern and positive
      reaction with silver stains. These fibers are known to contain primarily type-III
      collagen. In the present study, frozen and plastic-embedded sections of mouse and
      human lymph nodes were subjected to immunostaining with a panel of monospecific
      antibodies directed against type-IV collagen, type-III collagen, laminin,
      entactin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Immunofluorescent staining revealed
      that, in addition to being uniformly stained with antibodies to type-III
      collagen, these fibers also stained positively with antibodies to type-IV
      collagen and to other basement-membrane-specific components. Furthermore, the
      basement-membrane-specific antibodies stained the outer surface of individual
      fibers. These same type-III collagen-rich fibers were distinct from blood
      vascular basement membranes since they did not react with antibodies to factor
      VIII-related antigen, an endothelial-cell-specific marker. The role of these
      basement-membrane-specific components associated with the reticular fibers of
      lymphoid tissue is unknown. However, it is possible that the ligands promote
      attachment of reticular fibroblasts as well as macrophages and lymphocytes to the
      extracellular matrix fibers.

PMID- 3383217
TI  - Binding of a major secretory protein from bull seminal vesicles to bovine
      spermatozoa.
AB  - The seminal vesicles synthesize in an androgen-dependent manner a neutral protein
      of 13.5 kDa molecular weight that makes up about 40% of their secretion ("major
      protein"). An antiserum against this protein raised in rabbits was used to
      localize the antigen within the seminal vesicles. In addition to intraluminal
      secretion of the seminal vesicles and the ampulla of the vas deferens, ejaculated
      and ampullary spermatozoa revealed an intense immunoreaction, which was
      restricted to the neck region of the sperm head and the middle piece, while the
      principal piece of the tail as well as the sperm head were devoid of
      immunoreactive material. Comparison of spermatozoa taken from the tail of the
      epididymis with ampullary spermatozoa showed that about 90% of the latter, but
      only 10-20% of the former presented this distributional pattern of immunoreactive
      sites. Epididymal epithelium as well as calf seminal vesicle epithelium showed no
      immunoreactivity with major protein antiserum. Using a pre-embedding staining
      technique with gold-labeled primary or secondary antibodies, respectively, no
      immunostaining could be achieved at the ultrastructural level. Incubation
      experiments of epididymal spermatozoa in EGTA-containing solutions in the absence
      of calcium resulted in a gradual labilization and eventual loss of the plasma
      membrane of the sperm middle piece. After removal of (at least part of) the
      plasma membrane, bound major protein could be visualized immunohistochemically
      close to the mitochondria of the middle piece using a gold-labeled primary or
      secondary antibody. The acceptor site for major protein therefore seems to reside
      inside the plasma membrane of the sperm middle piece.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3383218
TI  - Functional morphology of the ommatidia in the compound eye of the moth, Antheraea
      polyphemus (Insecta, Saturniidae).
AB  - The fine structure of the superposition eye of the Saturniid moth Antheraea
      polyphemus Cramer was investigated by electron microscopy. Each of the
      approximately 10,000 ommatidia consists of the same structural components, but
      regarding the arrangement of the ommatidia and the rhabdom structure therein, two
      regions of the eye have to be distinguished. In a small dorsal rim area, the
      ommatidia are characterized by rectangularly shaped rhabdoms containing parallel
      microvilli arranged in groups that are oriented perpendicular to each other. In
      all other ommatidia, the proximal parts of the rhabdoms show radially arranged
      microvilli, whereas the distal parts may reveal different patterns, frequently
      with microvilli in two directions or sometimes even in one direction. Moreover,
      the microvilli of all distal cells are arranged in parallel to meridians of the
      eyes. By virtue of these structural features the eyes should enable this moth not
      only discrimination of the plane of polarized light but also skylight-orientation
      via the polarization pattern, depending on moon position. The receptor cells
      exhibit only small alterations during daylight within the natural diurnal cycle.
      However, under illumination with different monochromatic lights of physiological
      intensity, receptor cells can be unbalanced: Changes in ultrastructure of the
      rhabdomeres and the cytoplasm of such cells are evident. The effects are
      different in the daytime and at night. These findings are discussed in relation
      to the breakdown and regeneration of microvilli and the influence of the diurnal
      cycle. They are compared with results on photoreceptor membrane turnover in eyes
      of other arthropod species.

PMID- 3383219
TI  - Development of the esophageal muscles in embryos of the sea urchin
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
AB  - Development of the esophageal muscles in embryonic sea urchins is described using
      light- and electron microscopy. The muscles develop from processes of about 14
      cells of the coelomic epithelium that become immunoreactive to anti-actin at
      about 60 h (12-14 degrees C). Initially, each myoblast extends a single process
      with numerous fine filopodia around the esophagus. By 72 h the processes have
      reached the midline and fused with those from cells of the contralateral coelomic
      sac. Myoblasts begin to migrate out of the coelomic epithelium between 72 and 84
      h. By 72 h the processes stain with the F-actin specific probe NBD-phallacidin.
      The contractile apparatus is not evident in transmission electron-microscopic
      preparations of embryos at 70 h, but by 84 h the contractile apparatus is present
      and the muscle cells are capable of contraction. Because the myoblasts migrate
      free of the coelomic epithelium and are situated on the blastocoelar side of the
      basal lamina, it is suggested that that they should be considered as a class of
      mesenchymal cells.

PMID- 3383220
TI  - Regional differences in hindgut structure and function in the nutria, Myocastor
      coypus.
AB  - Morphologically the large intestine of the nutria resembles that of other
      caviomorphs, notably the guinea pig. The cecum is voluminous: it contributes 8.6%
      of the total intestinal length and 12.7% of the total intestinal surface area
      (considering the surface enlargement factor). It contains 27-32% of the wet
      ingesta and 20-23% of the dry matter in the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon
      the corresponding figures are: 21.8% of length, 12.6% of surface area, 16-21% of
      wet ingesta, and 16-40% of dry matter. The colon can be subdivided both
      structurally and functionally into two sections, the proximal and the distal
      colon, the border between the two being the apical flexure of a long parallel
      loop. The proximal colon (42% of colonic length) displays on the mucosal surface
      of its mesenterial side a narrow furrow bordered by ridges, which is absent in
      the distal colon. The ridges contain subepithelial accumulations of coiled
      tubuloalveolar mucoid glands, entwined by bundles of muscle fibers.
      Determinations of nitrogen in the contents near the furrow suggest a
      concentration of bacteria in this part of the lumen. It is hypothesized that the
      structural differentiations of the proximal colon provide mechanisms for the
      transport of bacteria from the proximal colon back into the cecum to maintain the
      fermentation function. The slopes of the longitudinal profiles for dry matter and
      for concentrations of sodium, potassium and calcium in the luminal contents
      change at the tip of the parallel loop. The electrical potential difference
      "intestinal lumen - blood" is particularly large in the proximal colon,
      indicating active electrogenic ion transport in this region.

PMID- 3383221
TI  - The efferent innervation of the genital chamber by an identified serotonergic
      neuron in the female cricket Acheta domestica.
AB  - The serotonergic innervation of the genital chamber of the female cricket, Acheta
      domestica, has been investigated applying anti-serotonin (5-HT)
      immunocytochemistry at both light- and electron-microscopic levels as well as
      using conventional electron microscopy. Whole mount and pre-embedding chopper
      techniques of immunocytochemistry reveal a dense 5-HT-immunoreactive network of
      varicose fibers in the musculature of the genital chamber. All of these
      immunoreactive fibers originate from the efferent serotonergic neuron projecting
      through the nerve 8v to the genital chamber (Hustert and Topel 1986; Elekes et
      al. 1987). At the electron-microscopic level, 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve
      terminals, which contain small (50-60 nm) and large (approximately 100 nm)
      agranular vesicles as well as granular vesicles (approximately 100 nm), contact
      the muscle fibers or the sarcoplasmic processes without establishing specialized
      neuromuscular connections. In addition to the 5-HT-immunoreactive axons, two
      types of immunonegative axons can also be found in the musculature. By use of
      conventional electron microscopy, three ultrastructurally distinct types of axon
      processes can be observed, one of which resembles 5-HT-immunoreactive axons.
      While the majority of the varicosities do not synapse on the muscle fibers,
      terminals containing small (50-60 nm) agranular vesicles occasionally form
      specialized neuromuscular contacts. It is suggested that the 5-HTergic
      innervation plays a non-synaptic modulatory role in the regulation circular
      musculature in the genital chamber of the cricket, while the musculature as a
      whole may be influenced by both synaptic and modulatory mechanisms.

PMID- 3383222
TI  - Disruption of cellular associations within the granulosal compartment of
      periovulatory ovine follicles: relationship to maturation of the oocyte and
      regulation by prostaglandins.
AB  - Temporal relationships were defined in sheep between the onset of the
      preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH; 0 h), dispersion of mural
      granulosal cells and cumulus oophorus, resumption of meiosis of the oocyte, and
      ovulation. A quantitative increase in intercellular spacing among mural
      granulosal and cumulus cells was detected at the light-microscopic level 12 h
      following the onset of the surge of LH. Evidence of breakdown of the germinal
      vesicle of oocytes was apparent at 16 h and thereafter. Ovulation occurred near
      24 h. Systemic administration of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin/PG
      biosynthesis, at 8 h subsequently prevented dissociation of mural granulosal and
      cumulus cells and suppressed maturation of the oocyte. The action of the drug was
      reversed by intrafollicular injection of PGE2 at 12 h; PGF2 alpha was ineffective
      in this regard. Prostaglandin E2 appears to be involved in preovulatory ovine
      follicles in the dissolution of cell-to-cell contacts and in maturation of the
      oocyte.

PMID- 3383223
TI  - Time and site of assembly of the peritrophic membrane of the mosquito Aedes
      aegypti.
AB  - We determined the time and site of secretion of the precursors of the peritrophic
      membrane (PM) in Aedes aegypti and when the structure is assembled. The fine
      structure of the developing membrane of blood-feed females was described, and the
      pattern of secretion of injected tritiated glucosamine analyzed
      autoradiographically. Immediately following blood feeding, ingested red cells
      rapidly become compressed, such that the surrounding plasma is extruded to the
      margin of the midgut contents. Thereby, ingested fluids form a narrow margin
      separating the blood mass from the midgut epithelium. By electron microscopy, the
      PM first becomes evident at about 4 to 8 h after blood is ingested, and the
      membrane attains mature texture by 12 h. The compacted mass of ingested
      erythrocytes seems to serve as a template for the forming structure. In contrast,
      tritiated glucosamine, injected into freshly engorged mosquitoes, begins to
      concentrate on the midgut microvilli by 2 h after feeding. By 8 h the label
      assumes the layered appearance that characterizes the fine structure of the
      mature membrane. In contrast to the prevailing concept that the PM of mosquitoes
      first assumes texture anteriorly immediately after blood is ingested, we find
      that this potential barrier to pathogen development forms no earlier than 4 h
      after feeding and that it is formed from precursors secreted along the entire
      length of the epithelium overlying the food mass.

PMID- 3383224
TI  - Calcium regulation by and buffer capacity of molluscan neurons during calcium
      transients.
AB  - The properties of Ca-regulation and -buffering of physiological levels of Ca
      transients were examined in the soma of Archidoris monteryensis neurons. The rate
      of recovery from a Ca-transient was examined with two experimental protocols; in
      one the pulse duration was kept constant and its amplitude was varied, and in the
      other the duration was varied while the amplitude was kept constant. These
      experiments revealed that the recovery from a Ca-transient was approximately a
      first order process and the apparent first order rate constant was dependent on
      the duration of Ca-influx. The calcium buffer capacity of the cytoplasm was
      determined by an indirect method which utilised measured amounts of intracellular
      EGTA to reduce transient changes in free calcium. An equation for the cytoplasmic
      buffer capacity was derived on the assumption that the capacities of exogenous
      and endogenous Ca buffers summate linearly. The resting cytoplasmic Ca buffer
      capacity was 45.2 microM/delta pCa, when it was assumed that the incoming Ca
      diffuses a distance of 10 microns into the cytoplasm. For a diffusion distance of
      5 microns it was 34.5 microM/delta pCa. In both cases, the buffer capacity
      increased with an increase in the size of Ca transient.

PMID- 3383225
TI  - Simultaneous determination of intracellular free calcium and aldosterone
      production in bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa.
AB  - Angiotensin II (AII) induces an initial rapid but transient rise in [Ca2+]i
      detected with aequorin in bovine adrenal capsule strips. The rise in [Ca2+]i
      begins immediately after AII addition, reaches a peak in 30 seconds, and returns
      to near basal values within 5 minutes. The [Ca2+]i transient is receptor-mediated
      and its height is dose-dependent. The increase in [Ca2+]i is largely due to the
      release of Ca2+ from an intracellular pool. The uncorrected peak rise in [Ca2+]i
      after 1 X 10(-6) M beta-[asp1]-AII stimulation is approximately 3 fold, from 110
      nM to 300 nM; the peak rise, corrected for diffusion and nonsynchronous cellular
      response, is from 110 nM to 1.2 microM. Perifusion of aequorin-loaded strips with
      beta-[asp1]-AII, an aminopeptidase-resistant analog of AII, allows the
      simultaneous measurement of [Ca2+]i and aldosterone production rate. Levels of
      agonist which generate a transient rise in [Ca2+]i also produce a sustained
      increase in aldosterone production rate, but the two events are temporally
      separated: the transient rise in [Ca2+]i precedes the increase in aldosterone
      production rate. However, there is a strong correlation, r = 0.94, between the
      amplitude of the initial [Ca2+]i transient and the magnitude of the sustained
      increase in steroid production rate.

PMID- 3383226
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the calcium binding protein parvalbumin.
AB  - We have produced twelve monoclonal antibodies (McAB) against carp-II parvalbumin.
      Three of them, designated 235, 239, 267 recognize determinants conserved in fish,
      chicken, mouse, rat, monkey and human parvalbumin. We show their use in the
      qualitative detection of parvalbumin (PV) by immunohistochemistry, in the
      quantitation of parvalbumin by radioimmunoassay and in the detection of
      parvalbumin on immunoblots.

PMID- 3383227
TI  - Dependence of the red blood cell calcium pump on the membrane potential.
AB  - (1) It is shown that the rate of calcium extrusion from intact human red cells is
      faster at a membrane potential of approximately +50 mV (inside) than at
      approximately -50 mV. (2) The positive potential applied was the chloride
      potential of KCl cells in a K-gluconate medium when the Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel
      was blocked by 0.3mM quinidine. The negative potential resulted from the high K+
      permeability in Ca2+ loaded cells (the cells were loaded to a Ca2+ activity in
      the cell water of about 50 microM). (3) It is further demonstrated that the Ca2+
      affinity of the pump ATPase is decreased both at the internal (high affinity) and
      external (low affinity) site by increasing the proton concentration.
      Acidification thus inhibits internally and stimulates externally. (4) An indirect
      effect of the membrane potential on the pump activity via the accompanying pH
      shifts on either side of the membrane could be ruled out by choosing Ca2+
      concentrations which are fully activating at the internal Ca2+ binding site at pH
      6.5 and not yet inhibitory at the external Ca2+ binding site at pH 8. (5) The
      result is compatible with the assumption that the human red cell Ca-pump is
      exchanging Ca2+ for protons, yet is electrogenic by virtue of a stoichiometry of
      1H+:1Ca2+ for this exchange.

PMID- 3383228
TI  - [Characteristics of HBsAg subtype distribution in the Beijing area].

PMID- 3383229
TI  - [A causative factors study of esophageal cancer among city inhabitants in Xian:
      the role of smoking & drinking].

PMID- 3383230
TI  - [A study on rubella antibody screening and immunization of women of childbearing
      age].

PMID- 3383231
TI  - [Distribution and dynamics of leptospiral serovars on the frontier of Yunnan
      Province].

PMID- 3383232
TI  - [Biotyping and plasmid analysis of Campylobacter jejuni/coli and their
      preliminary application in epidemiological studies].

PMID- 3383233
TI  - [The application of the grey dynamic model in disease prediction].

PMID- 3383234
TI  - [An etiologic study of cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 3383235
TI  - Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic consequences of high- and low-osmolality
      contrast agents for left ventricular angiography.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of two nonionic contrast agents with low osmolality
      (iohexol and metrizamide) were compared with one standard ionic, high-osmolality
      contrast agent (metrizoate) used for left ventricular (LV) angiography in
      patients with coronary heart disease. Metrizoate induced a marked elevation of LV
      end-diastolic pressure and LV systolic pressure and an increase in cardiac output
      after a delay of a few minutes. All these changes were significantly less severe
      with iohexol and metrizamide. Hypotension occurring 30 sec after LV angiography
      was observed only with use of metrizoate. All agents increased heart rate, but
      the increase after metrizoate was significantly more pronounced and prolonged.
      The PQ and QT interval was prolonged only by metrizoate. The subjective symptoms
      were significantly more marked with metrizoate than with the two other agents.
      Thus the new nonionic contrast agent iohexol and metrizamide produced markedly
      less hemodynamic and electrocardiographic disturbance than the ionic agent
      metrizoate.

PMID- 3383236
TI  - Changes in epicardial coronary arterial diameter following intracoronary
      papaverine in man.
AB  - The effect of intracoronary papaverine administration on epicardial coronary
      arterial diameter was examined in 18 male patients. Coronary-artery
      cineangiograms were acquired with a power injector before intervention, 20 sec
      after intracoronary saline (control), and 20 sec after administration of
      papaverine into either the left (12 mg) or right (8 mg) coronary artery. Absolute
      coronary arterial diameter of a normal-appearing segment was quantified using a
      previously validated, fully automated digital edge detection program with an ADAC
      digital radiographic unit. Baseline coronary arterial diameter of 3.1 +/- 0.8 mm
      did not significantly change after saline administration (3.1 +/- 0.9 mm) but did
      significantly increase (p less than .001) to 3.4 +/- 0.9 mm after papaverine
      administration. No significant percent change in diameter occurred in either the
      left anterior descending (-.5 +/- 1.7%), left circumflex (-.2 +/- 1.1%), or right
      (-3.0 +/- 3.8%) coronary arteries with saline, but significant (p less than .001)
      increases occurred with papaverine (7.2 +/- 4.1%, 7.0 +/- 4.5%, 6.8 +/- 2.7%,
      respectively). The response of 7 coronary arteries examined immediately proximal
      to a significant lesion was not significantly different from the response of the
      remaining 11 coronary arteries. In conclusion, intracoronary papaverine causes a
      significant increase in coronary arterial diameter. This has clinical
      implications for assessing coronary flow reserve with devices that defect flow
      velocity.

PMID- 3383237
TI  - Thromboembolic complications in coronary angiography associated with the use of
      nonionic contrast medium.
AB  - Thromboembolic complications occurred during diagnostic coronary arteriography in
      three patients in spite of systemic heparinization. These mishaps were associated
      with the use of a nonionic contrast medium, which is known not to have a
      significant protective effect on coagulation pathways. If nonionic contrast media
      are to be used in angiographic studies of critical organs, meticulous technique
      is imperative, and adequate systemic heparinization is recommended.

PMID- 3383238
TI  - Kinking of internal mammary grafts: report of two cases and surgical correction.
AB  - Two patients who underwent left internal mammary artery (IMA) anastomoses to the
      left anterior descending artery (LAD) developed sudden angina associated with
      anterior ischemic changes on EKG in the early postoperative period, one at 4 hr
      and the other at 3 days following operation. Digitalized arteriography via
      retrograde injection of the left brachial artery revealed the IMAs, which were
      partially obstructed because of looping and Kinking, although the anastomoses to
      the LAD were patent. Reoperation was successful in relieving obstruction by
      reducing these abnormalities and resulted in an uncomplicated postoperative
      course following the second operation. Discussion of the etiology, radiological
      technique of diagnosis, correction, and prevention of this cause of internal
      mammary graft failure is presented.

PMID- 3383239
TI  - Angiographic recognition of coronary ostial stenosis in nonspecific aorto
      arteritis.
AB  - A 17-year-old girl was seen with acute anterior myocardial infarction resulting
      in congestive heart failure. Clinical examination followed by detailed
      investigation revealed diffuse nonspecific aorto-arteritis, with left coronary
      ostial stenosis, which is a very rare association. The relevant literature is
      reviewed.

PMID- 3383240
TI  - Single coronary artery: right coronary artery originating from distal left
      circumflex.
AB  - This report describes a patient with single coronary artery, in whom the right
      coronary artery originated from the distal left circumflex. However, this anomaly
      was not of clinical significance based on atypical nature of chest pain, negative
      thallium exercise test and absence of coronary obstruction.

PMID- 3383241
TI  - Use of a balloon-tipped catheter to guide placement of the bioptome sheath in
      right ventricular percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy.
AB  - A common problem during biopsy of the right ventricular septum using the flexible
      King's bioptome is the difficulty of accurately directing the tip of the long
      biopsy sheath against the septal surface. This can be important in that
      inadvertent biopsy of the more delicate ventricular free wall may lead to
      perforation and pericardial tamponade. An alternate method of sheath placement is
      presented. This involves the use of a No. 5 or 6 French balloon-tipped catheter
      within the long bioptome sheath in order to facilitate sheath passage and
      positioning. Catheter positioning is readily accomplished when documented by
      bioplane fluoroscopy, with alternate or additional two-dimensional
      echocardiographic position check as desired. Balloon-guided positioning for right
      ventricular septal biopsy appears to be a simple and safe technique that may be
      especially useful for relatively inexperienced operators and for patients with
      abnormal cardiac anatomy for whom endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) might normally be
      technically difficult.

PMID- 3383242
TI  - Catalytic deficiency of human aldolase B in hereditary fructose intolerance
      caused by a common missense mutation.
AB  - Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a human autosomal recessive disease
      caused by a deficiency of aldolase B that results in an inability to metabolize
      fructose and related sugars. We report here the first identification of a
      molecular lesion in the aldolase B gene of an affected individual whose defective
      protein has previously been characterized. The mutation is a G----C transversion
      in exon 5 that creates a new recognition site for the restriction enzyme Ahall
      and results in an amino acid substitution (Ala----Pro) at position 149 of the
      protein within a region critical for substrate binding. Utilizing this novel
      restriction site and the polymerase chain reaction, the patient was shown to be
      homozygous for the mutation. Three other HFI patients from pedigrees unrelated to
      this individual were found to have the same mutation: two were homozygous and one
      was heterozygous. We suggest that this genetic lesion is a prevailing cause of
      hereditary fructose intolerance.

PMID- 3383243
TI  - Dynamic behavior of endoplasmic reticulum in living cells.
AB  - Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was studied by fluorescence microscopy of living CV-1
      cells treated with the fluorescent carbocyanine dye DiOC6(3). Using video
      recording and image processing techniques, several distinct forms of highly
      localized movements of ER were documented, categorized, and analyzed in terms of
      mechanism and structural implications. These include tubule branching, ring
      closure, and sliding. These localized movements have been observed to generate
      the basic elements of ER: linear tubules, polygonal reticulum, and triple
      junctions. We propose that as such they act as the mechanism for constructing the
      polygonal lattice of interconnected membrane tubules that constitutes ER. The
      nature of these movements suggests possible involvement of the cytoskeleton, and,
      in view of the close correlations in the distributions of ER and microtubules,
      and the accompanying paper (Dabora and Sheetz), it is possible that microtubules
      may play a role in generating ER motility and in constructing and maintaining the
      ER network in living cells.

PMID- 3383244
TI  - A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos.
AB  - The maternal gene bicoid (bcd) organizes anterior development in Drosophila. Its
      mRNA is localized at the anterior tip of the oocyte and early embryo. Antibodies
      raised against bcd fusion proteins recognize a 55-57 kd doublet band in Western
      blots of extracts of 0-4 hr old embryos. This protein is absent or reduced in
      embryonic extracts of nine of the 11 bcd alleles. The protein is concentrated in
      the nuclei of cleavage stage embryos. It cannot be detected in oocytes,
      indicating temporal control of bcd mRNA translation. The bcd protein is
      distributed in an exponential concentration gradient with a maximum at the
      anterior tip, reaching background levels in the posterior third of the embryo.
      The gradient is probably generated by diffusion from the local mRNA source and
      dispersed degradation.

PMID- 3383245
TI  - The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a
      concentration-dependent manner.
AB  - The bicoid (bcd) protein in a Drosophila embryo is derived from an anteriorly
      localized mRNA and comes to be distributed in an exponential concentration
      gradient along the anteroposterior axis. To determine whether the levels of bcd
      protein are directly related to certain cell fates, we manipulated the density
      and distribution of bcd mRNA by genetic means, measured the resultant alterations
      in height and shape of the bcd protein gradient, and correlated the gradient with
      the fate map of the respective embryos. Increases or decreases in bcd protein
      levels in a given region of the embryo cause a corresponding posterior or
      anterior shift of anterior anlagen in the embryo. The bcd protein thus has the
      properties of a morphogen that autonomously determines positions in the anterior
      half of the embryo.

PMID- 3383246
TI  - Proliferative response of putative preneoplastic hepatocytes to triiodothyronine,
      aminoacids, glucagon and heparine.
AB  - Proliferative advantage of putative preneoplastic hepatocytes measured as the
      ratio of tritiated thymidine incorporation into cells of hyperplastic nodules
      with respect to the incorporation in hepatocytes of extranodular liver has been
      found to be about 2 in rats treated according to 4 carcinogenesis protocols
      consisting in one or two cycles of diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital
      administration. The proliferative response of hepatocytes in hyperplastic nodules
      to the intravenous infusion of triiodothyronine, amino-acids, glucagon, and
      heparine (TAGH) has been found higher or similar--except in one case--than the
      response of surrounding liver but the proliferative advantage of preneoplastic
      hepatocytes is lower after TAGH stimulation than in basal conditions in all
      cases.

PMID- 3383247
TI  - Cleavage furrow formation of Rana amurensis eggs observed with fluorescence
      pattern photobleaching.
AB  - Taking advantage of the extremely slow lateral diffusion of proteins on Rana
      amurensis egg surface (Xu et al., 1984), it was possible to make a sharp
      concentric ring pattern on the egg surface by photobleaching of the fluorescein
      labelled egg surface. The shape change of the pattern reveals the movement of the
      egg surface. The surface, even in front of the furrow tip, is drawn towards the
      furrow centre. The furrow tip differentiates into border and central lines as
      shown by the distribution of surface protrusions. Between the border and central
      lines the nascent membrane inserts while the width of furrow tip increases to
      nearly 100 microns.

PMID- 3383248
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin B, N-formyl peptide and plasma on polarisation, zeiosis
      (blebbing) and degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in suspension.
AB  - The effects were studied of cytochalasin B and N-formyl peptide (FMLP) in various
      concentrations on the morphology and degranulation (release of the granule
      contents lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase) of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)
      suspended in either Hanks' solution or 100% fresh heparinised plasma. PMN in low
      concentrations of FMLP in Hanks' solution or in plasma alone showed "long"
      polarisation and did not degranulate. Cytochalasin B caused the PMN in low
      concentrations of FMLP or in plasma to become spherical, but no degranulation of
      the cells occurred. High concentrations of FMLP in Hanks' solution induced
      "short" polarisation of PMN with slight degranulation of the cells. Cytochalasin
      B together with high concentrations of FMLP in Hanks' solution induced zeiosis
      ("blebbing") and marked degranulation of the cells. However, cytochalasin B and
      high concentrations of FMLP in plasma caused PMN to exhibit "short" polarised
      morphology and markedly degranulate. These results suggest that degranulation of
      PMN can be associated with either the "short" polarised shape of the cells or
      zeiosis, but not the "long" polarised form. Furthermore, the results indicate
      that plasma, although capable of causing "long" polarisation of the cells,
      inhibits zeiosis without affecting the degranulation of the cells induced by
      cytochalasin B.

PMID- 3383249
TI  - Study on erythrocyte membrane fluidity by laser Raman spectroscopy.
AB  - Differences between patients with cirrhosis of liver, nephrotic syndrome,
      coronary heart disease and normal subjects in laser Raman spectra of erythrocyte
      membranes have been found. In regions of 1000-1140 cm-1 and 2840-3000 cm-1, the
      ratios I1130/I1080 and I2890/I2850 in patient membranes are higher than those in
      normal ones respectively. These results mean that erythrocyte membrane fluidity
      of these patients is reduced. This reduction may be attributed to the possibility
      that erythrocyte membrane of patients get more cholesterol from their plasma and
      resulted in the modification of the ratio of cholesterol/phospholipids in the
      membranes.

PMID- 3383250
TI  - Replacement of maternal 40S rRNA precursor by newly synthesized precursor in
      early embryos of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - The amount of intact 40S rRNA precursor was followed by Northern hybridization in
      the course of the early embryogenesis of wild-type Xenopus laevis and its
      anucleolate mutant. The total amount of 40S rRNA precursor did not alter
      appreciably until the midblastula stage, decreased at the late blastula stage,
      and then increased. In the anucleolate mutant, in which no rRNA synthesis occurs,
      the 40S rRNA precursor decreased at the late blastula stage and disappeared after
      the gastrula stage. In the nuclear fraction of the wild type, the 40S rRNA
      precursor was detectable after the midblastula stage. Therefore, the 40S rRNA
      precursor in the pre-blastula embryos is maternal and decreases at the late
      blastula stage. New synthesis of 40S rRNA precursor apparently occurs after the
      midblastula stage.

PMID- 3383252
TI  - [New tasks for the Czech Gynecologic and Obstetrical Society].

PMID- 3383251
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans partially substitute for proteoglycans in spheroid formation
      of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture.
AB  - Adult rat hepatocytes seeded in a noncoated plastic dish containing serum-free
      medium formed a monolayer within 24 h of culture. Those seeded in a dish coated
      with a proteoglycan fraction isolated from rat liver reticulin fibers attached to
      the dish but did not spread within 4 h, and then gradually assembled to form
      floating spherical aggregates (spheroids) with a diameter of 120 +/- 40 micron,
      within 72 h. The proteoglycan fraction appeared to contain dermatan sulfate,
      heparan sulfate and an unidentified glycosaminoglycan in its glycan moieties by
      glycosaminoglycan analysis after pronase digestion and high molecular weight
      proteoglycan molecules (mw: over 300,000 and about 200,000) by SDS-PAGE analysis.
      Cells seeded in dishes coated with these defined glycosaminoglycans and heparin
      assembled to form hemispheroids and multilayer islands, but not floating
      spheroids, within 72 h of culture. Dermatan sulfate had a stronger ability to
      induce hemispheroids than heparan sulfate or heparin. As the hemispheroid and
      multilayer islands were the intermediate form between monolayer and floating
      spheroids, the glycosaminoglycan moieties of the proteoglycan fraction were
      thought to participate in the formation of spheroid.

PMID- 3383253
TI  - [Medical and population genetics problems in primary non-tubal female sterility.
      I. Pregnancy outcome after treatment of infertility, with special emphasis on the
      quality of the offspring].

PMID- 3383254
TI  - [The menstrual cycle in relation to the course and outcome of pregnancy].

PMID- 3383255
TI  - [Treatment of oligozoospermia with tamoxifen].

PMID- 3383256
TI  - [Increased sperm motility after tamoxifen treatment].

PMID- 3383257
TI  - [Development of orgasmic capacity in young women].

PMID- 3383258
TI  - [Changes in sexual arousal stimuli in relation to age factors in women].

PMID- 3383259
TI  - [Polysaccharide microspheres labeled with fluorescein: a new diagnostic method in
      functional tubal sterility].

PMID- 3383260
TI  - [The cytology of amniotic fluid].

PMID- 3383261
TI  - [Glucose metabolism during physiologic pregnancy and glycosylated hemoglobin].

PMID- 3383262
TI  - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic mothers and their neonates].

PMID- 3383263
TI  - [Prototype of a urodynamics unit for studying urinary incontinence in women].

PMID- 3383264
TI  - [A suggestion for improving the function of the Suctior Chirana apparatus and
      increasing its safety in performing mini-abortions].

PMID- 3383265
TI  - [Spontaneous uterine rupture in the 3d trimester of pregnancy].

PMID- 3383266
TI  - [The effectiveness of urinary bladder training with urgency symptomatology in
      childhood].

PMID- 3383267
TI  - [The effect of prenatal infusion of glucose on saccharide metabolism in the fetus
      and neonate].

PMID- 3383268
TI  - [Characterization of attitudes toward sex in girls of the modern generation].

PMID- 3383271
TI  - [Optimal parameters of reversal photic stimulation in the diagnostic use of
      visually evoked potentials].

PMID- 3383270
TI  - Location and nucleotide sequence of two tRNA genes and a tRNA pseudo-gene in the
      maize mitochondrial genome: evidence for the transcription of a chloroplast gene
      in mitochondria.
AB  - We report the nucleotide sequence of three tRNA genes from maize mitochondria.
      The genes are located in two BamHI fragments, 3.55 and 5.7 kb long, adjacent to
      the S2 sequence in the maize mitochondrial genome. On the 3.55 kb BamHI fragment,
      we have characterized a tRNA(Cys)(GCA) gene. A strong sequence homology of this
      tRNA(Cys)(GCA) gene with its chloroplast counterpart in wheat suggests that it
      may be part of a chloroplast DNA insertion into the mitochondrial genome. This
      gene has been found to be transcribed in the mitochondrion. Two tRNA genes are
      located on the 5.7 kb BamHI fragment, separated from each other by 250 bp. One is
      a mitochondrial tRNA(Ser)(GCU) gene. The other, a non-transcribed tRNA(Phe)-like
      gene, is interrupted by a 49 base-pair inserted DNA sequence in the variable loop
      and has a Leu (UAA) anticodon.

PMID- 3383269
TI  - Immunological homologies between yeast ribosomal protein L2 and rat liver
      ribosomal proteins L4 and L24.
AB  - Polyclonal antibodies raised against ribosomal protein (r-protein) L2 of
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe were used to check for cross-reactions with total r
      proteins of rat liver. Using this procedure, the rat liver r-proteins, L4 and
      L24, were identified as being immunologically related to yeast L2. In additional,
      homologies between rat liver L4 and L24 were detected. The possible implications
      for the regulation of r-protein synthesis are discussed.

PMID- 3383272
TI  - [Age characteristics of the adrenergic innervation of the spinal cord arteries in
      man].

PMID- 3383273
TI  - [Efferent innervation of arachnoid arteries of the mammalian spinal cord and
      cerebellum].

PMID- 3383274
TI  - [The effect of pulsed magnetic fields on cerebral circulation, EEG frequency
      spectra and blood properties].

PMID- 3383275
TI  - [3d Czechoslovakian Congress of Junior Neurologists. Kosodrevina, 1-4 April 1987.
      I].

PMID- 3383276
TI  - [Basilar artery thrombosis imitating temporal conus].

PMID- 3383278
TI  - [Status epilepticus. Principles of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches].

PMID- 3383277
TI  - [Extracranial metastases of gliomas].

PMID- 3383279
TI  - [Sleep and epilepsy from the viewpoint of pathogenesis and psychological
      aspects].

PMID- 3383280
TI  - A personal difference. Proud to care.

PMID- 3383281
TI  - Divalent cation requirements for mounting a respiratory burst in response to
      phorbol diesters by macrophages from SENCAR and C57BL/6 mice.
AB  - Oxygen radicals are thought to play an important role in the promotion phase of
      carcinogenesis and the action of phorbol esters. Inflammatory cells are an
      abundant source of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in the body and release
      large quantities of ROI when exposed to phorbol esters. Both protein kinase C
      (PKC), the receptor for phorbol esters, and the NADPH oxidase which generates ROI
      are Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent. We investigated the requirements for Ca2+ and Mg2+
      of macrophages from strains of mice sensitive and resistant to the promotion of
      tumors by phorbol esters. Macrophages from SENCAR mice, which are sensitive to
      phorbol ester promotion, required much lower levels of Ca2+ or Mg2+ to mount a
      full respiratory burst, as measured by the release of H2O2 in response to phorbol
      ester stimulation, than macrophages from C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to
      promotion by phorbol esters. Conversely, when the particulate stimulus zymosan
      was used, there was little difference between macrophages from the two strains in
      requirements for Ca2+ and Mg2+ to release H2O2. Lowering the concentration of
      either cation in the absence of the other was more inhibitory than in the
      presence of the other cation. The studies demonstrate that differences in
      sensitivity to divalent cations by macrophages from these two strains is
      selective for phorbol ester stimulation and that lower requirements for Ca2+ and
      Mg2+ for ROI release correlates with sensitivity to the promotion of tumors by
      phorbol esters.

PMID- 3383282
TI  - Further evidence for a biological role of anti-estrogen-binding sites in
      mediating the growth inhibitory action of diphenylmethane derivatives.
AB  - Several diphenylmethane derivatives have been synthesized with variable
      affinities for Anti-estrogen Binding Sites (ABS) but not for the estrogen
      receptor. Using these molecules as probes it is shown that their binding
      affinities for ABS correlate with their abilities to inhibit the growth of MCF-7
      human breast cancer cells. In contrast they have no influence on the
      proliferation of tamoxifen-resistant variant cells (RTx6) in which ABS are
      undetectable. These data support the conclusion that ABS has a functional role in
      the anti-proliferative effect of triphenylethylene anti-estrogens and
      structurally related compounds.

PMID- 3383283
TI  - Effects of feminization of male F344 rats on induction of tumors and on nucleic
      acid alkylation by nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyl)amine.
AB  - Groups of male and female F344 rats were treated twice weekly by gavage with 2.5
      mg of nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) for 35 weeks. Additional groups given
      the same treatment were male rats castrated at birth, male rats bearing an
      implant of a pellet containing estradiol and castrated male rats bearing an
      estradiol pellet. Most rats died with tumors related to the treatment; intact
      male rats survived the least well of the five groups. Most rats in all groups had
      alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms of the lung. Many of the male rats also had
      follicular cell neoplasms of the thyroid and transitional cell neoplasms of the
      urinary bladder and kidney pelvis; there were no liver tumors in intact male
      rats. Almost all female rats and castrated male rats had liver neoplasms,
      including hepatocellular, cholangiocellular and hemangiosarcomatous neoplasms,
      but few neoplasms of the thyroid, kidney or bladder. The male rats feminized with
      estradiol, intact or castrated, had liver neoplasms, mainly cholangiocellular,
      and also neoplasms of the thyroid. Two rats of each of the five groups were
      treated at 20 weeks of age with [14C]BOP. As measured by respiration of 14CO2,
      metabolism of BOP was faster in the two groups of male rats with the estradiol
      implant than in the other groups. DNA and RNA of the liver were isolated 6 h
      after treatment. The extent of methylation of liver DNA as 7-methylguanine and O6
      methylguanine was higher in the females and in the feminized males than in the
      intact male rats, but when normalized to the dose of nitrosamine per unit body
      weight there was little difference among the five groups.

PMID- 3383284
TI  - Reactions of stereoisomeric and structurally related bay region diol epoxide
      derivatives of benz[a]anthracene with DNA. Conformations of noncovalent complexes
      and covalent carcinogen-DNA adducts.
AB  - The modes of reaction of the tumorigenic bay region diol epoxide anti-BADE [+/-)
      trans-3,4-diol-anti-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthr acene) and the less
      potent tumor initiating diastereomer syn-BADE [+/-)-trans-3,4-diol-syn-1,2-epoxy
      1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthra cene) with native, double-stranded DNA were
      compared. The bay-region diol epoxide derived from 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCDE,
      racemic trans-9,10-diol-anti-7,8-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydromethylcholanthrene+ ++)
      was included in this study in order to assess the effects of the methyl and
      methylene substituents on the reactivity with DNA. Utilizing linear dichroism and
      other spectroscopic methods, it is shown that all three diol epoxides forn non
      covalent complexes with DNA. The diastereomers anti-BADE and syn-BADE form
      intercalative physical complexes, but the association constant K of the syn
      diastereomer is about 6-7 times smaller than for anti-BADE; this effect is
      ascribed to the bulky quasi-diaxial conformation of the diol epoxide ring in the
      syn diastereomer. The value of K (4000 M-1) is similar for anti-BADE and 3-MCDE,
      although the latter is not intercalated in the classical sense since the short
      axis of the molecule is tilted closer to the axis of the DNA double helix. The
      conformations of the covalent DNA adducts are interpreted in terms of a quasi
      intercalative conformation (site I), and a conformation in which the long axes of
      the polycyclic molecules are tilted closer to the axis of the helix (site II).
      Both tumorigens, anti-BADE and 3-MCDE, undergo a marked re-orientation from a non
      covalent site I to a covalent site II conformation upon binding chemically with
      the DNA bases, although a small fraction of the covalent anti-BADE adducts
      remains quasi-intercalated; in contrast, the alkyl substituents in 3-MCDE not
      only prevent the formation of intercalative physical complexes, but also the
      formation of site I covalent adducts. In the case of the less tumorigenic syn
      BADE, both the non-covalent complexes and the covalent adducts are of the site I
      type. The bay-region diol epoxide of benz[a]anthracene and of 3
      methylcholanthrene display a similar pattern of reactivities and covalent adduct
      conformations as the bay region diol epoxide derivatives of benz[a]pyrene,
      suggesting that adduct conformation might be an important factor in determining
      the levels of mutagenic and tumorigenic activities of this class of compounds.

PMID- 3383285
TI  - Relationship between the covalent binding of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to
      DNA and a steroidal esterase activity in human mononuclear leukocytes.
AB  - A method for the quantitative assessment of steroidal esterase activity in viable
      human mononuclear leukocytes (HML) has been developed. It is based on estimating
      the conversion of [3H]beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate (BDP) to beclomethasone
      17-monopropionate (BMP) using TLC on silica gel 60 F-254 plates developed in a
      solvent system of chloroform/methanol (97:3, v/v). The cell assay procedure was
      dependent on BDP concentration, incubation time and cell concentration. The
      steroidal esterase activity was completed for by N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2
      aminofluorene (NA-AAF) and completely inhibited by 100 microM paraoxon. When
      [3H]NA-AAF binding to DNA was used as an indicator of HML esterase (deacylase)
      activity, BDP functioned as a substrate inhibitor. Parallel estimations of BDP
      metabolism and NA-AAF binding to DNA indicated striking correlations in the
      interindividual variations (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) and in relation to the
      menstrual cycle events of a healthy female. Hence, these data indicate that both
      BDP and NA-AAF are metabolized by the same non-specific steroidal esterase
      present in HML.

PMID- 3383286
TI  - UV-A induced DNA nicking activities of skin photosensitive drugs: phenothiazines,
      benzothiadiazines and afloqualone.
AB  - Plasmid pBR 322 was subjected to UV-A irradiation in the presence of
      photosensitive drugs, i.e., phenothiazines [chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ),
      promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ) and mequitazine (MQZ)], benzothiadiazines
      [penflutizide (PFZ), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and methyclothiazide (MCT)] and
      afloqualone (AQ). The distribution of the closed-circular and the open-circular
      form of the plasmid DNA was analyzed by means of neutral agarose gel
      electrophoresis. All the drugs used induced more or less DNA nicking to yield the
      open-circular form. The nicking activities of the phenothiazines were in the
      order: CPZ greater than PMZ greater than MQZ. CPZ elicited extensive degradation
      of the DNA by photosensitization. The nicking activities of the benzothiadiazines
      and AQ were much weaker than CPZ and PMZ.

PMID- 3383287
TI  - Carcinogenesis and nucleic acid alkylation by some oxygenated nitrosamines in
      rats and hamsters.
AB  - A comparison has been made of the carcinogenic effects of nitroso-2,6
      dimethylmorpholine and several hydroxylated acyclic nitrosodialkylamines derived
      from it or related to it in rats and Syrian hamsters. In rats
      nitrosodimethylmorpholine was the most potent, inducing mainly esophageal tumors.
      Nitrosodiethanolamine was the weakest of the five nitrosamines in both rats and
      hamsters. Tumors of the pancreas ducts were induced by four of the five
      compounds, but only in hamsters, and esophageal tumors appeared only in rats.
      Most of the nitrosamines induced tumors of liver and lung in both rats and
      hamsters. A study of alkylation of nucleic acids of the liver following treatment
      of rats and hamsters with the radiolabeled nitrosamines showed that
      nitrosodiethanolamine alkylated liver nucleic acids in rats to only a very small
      extent. The other four nitrosamines all gave rise to 7-methylation and O6
      methylation of guanine residues in DNA of hamster liver and all but
      nitrosodimethylmorpholine in rat liver DNA, which corresponded quite well with
      the induction of liver tumors in the two species. Quantitatively, however, there
      was not a good correlation between liver DNA alkylation and the potency of the
      nitrosamine in inducing tumors.

PMID- 3383288
TI  - Cadmium-induced synthesis of metallothioneins in human lymphocytes and monocytes.
AB  - Cd2+-binding proteins of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes have not well
      been characterized so far, although they are expected to be a clue for
      understanding Cd2+ toxicity in those immune competent cells. We separated a
      family of Cd2+-binding proteins from Cd2+-exposed human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes by gel filtration chromatography, and characterized them by SDS-gel
      electrophoresis. The proteins showed electrophoretic behaviours closely similar
      to metallothioneins (MTs) of HeLa cells derived from human cervical carcinoma.
      The proteins were also found in Cd2+-exposed monocytes, and were inducible by
      Cd2+ in both lymphocytes and monocytes. Anti-MT serum specifically precipitated
      these proteins, which were thus identified as MTs. These results suggest that the
      two classes of the cells involved in the immune system possess a protective
      mechanism against Cd2+ through MTs. A variety of human lymphoid cell lines
      derived from both T and B cells were also found to have capacity to synthesize
      MTs in response to Cd2+.

PMID- 3383290
TI  - Synthesis and application of fluorescent labeled nucleotides to assay DNA damage.
AB  - A facile method was developed to covalently attach a fluorophore to the 5'
      phosphate of a nucleic acid. The procedure, illustrated by coupling 5'-dNmp (N =
      A,C,G,T) with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene 1-sulfonyl chloride, commonly known as
      Dansyl chloride, involves 5'-phosphoramidation with ethylenediamine (EDA)
      followed by conjugation of the free aliphatic amino group of the phosphoramidate
      with Dansyl chloride. This method is also applicable to multi-incorporation of
      fluorescent labels in the nucleic acids. The reaction of 5'-Amp with a polyamine
      such as poly L-lysine (PLL, mol. wt., 4000) resulted in a phosphoramidate with
      multiple amino groups, which after isolation and conjugation with fluorescamine
      gave dAmp with multilabeled fluorophores. A condition was devised to separate the
      four dansylated mononucleotides of DNA, conjugated via ethylenediamine linker, by
      reverse phase HPLC. The elution profile could be monitored with a variable
      wavelength detector at 254 nm and 340 nm corresponding to the absorption of the
      nucleotides and the dansyl moiety, respectively. The detection limit was 2 nmol
      at 254 nm. The use of a fluorescence detector enhanced the detection sensitivity
      to a sub-picomole level (200 fmol). Samples of a DNA model, d(pCpGpTpA) and calf
      thymus DNA were digested enzymatically to 5'-mononucleotides and labeled with
      Dansyl chloride. HPLC analysis of the dansylated digests from these samples, both
      before and after irradiation, suggests that the combination of enzymatic
      digestion and fluorescence postlabeling could be a novel approach to assay DNA
      damage.

PMID- 3383289
TI  - Extracellular metabolites of 2-aminofluorene in cultures of rapid and slow
      acetylator rabbit hepatocytes as a model for urinary and biliary metabolism.
AB  - N-acetylation is involved in determining species susceptibility to
      carcinogenicity by certain aromatic amines. In order to further investigate this
      relationship, the biotransformation of 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) by monolayer
      cultures of hepatocytes isolated from rapid and slow acetylator rabbits was
      studied. Analysis of biotransformation products liberated by cells was used as an
      indication of metabolites that would be excreted in the urine and bile.
      Hepatocytes from both acetylator phenotypes were found to extensively
      biotransform 2-AF. The overall rates of metabolism and the types of products
      formed were similar in the two phenotypes, although the quantity of several
      products differed. Hepatocyte cultures from rapid acetylators released a greater
      proportion of acetylated metabolites. Rapid acetylator hepatocytes released
      predominantly ring-hydroxylated-2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) while the major
      product from the slow acetylator cultures was conjugated 2-AF. The amounts of
      extracellular N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene were similar in both phenotypes. No
      phenotype-dependent differences in extracellular metabolites were noted when
      hepatocytes were incubated with 2-AAF. These results indicate that hepatocytes
      from both phenotypes have similar capacities to excrete N-hydroxy-2-AAF and to
      detoxify the parent aromatic amine. These findings can be related to the
      carcinogenicity of 2-AF in either phenotype.

PMID- 3383291
TI  - [Nursing of aged patients with Adams-Stokes syndrome].

PMID- 3383292
TI  - [Care of aplastic anemia patients treated by antithymus cell globulin].

PMID- 3383293
TI  - [Enhancing nursing work to promote quality administration in the hospital].

PMID- 3383295
TI  - [Methods of clinical research].

PMID- 3383296
TI  - [Scientific research design in nursing].

PMID- 3383294
TI  - [Nursing care of patients with laryngeal or tracheal cicatrical atresia treated
      with silical gel T tube intubation].

PMID- 3383297
TI  - [Care of myasthenia gravis patients treated by blood plasma exchange].

PMID- 3383298
TI  - [Advances in hepatitis B vaccine and its utilization in nurses].

PMID- 3383299
TI  - [Nursing diagnosis: the latest information].

PMID- 3383300
TI  - [On operating room nursing based on 5 standards and training nurses as an expert
      in one job and good at many].

PMID- 3383301
TI  - [Night nursing ward-round].

PMID- 3383302
TI  - [Nursing of aged patients with hyperosmolar diabetic coma].

PMID- 3383303
TI  - [Care of liver abscess patients treated by percutaneous puncture intubation
      drainage].

PMID- 3383305
TI  - [Nursing of patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome].

PMID- 3383304
TI  - [Care of patients with percutaneous liver puncture venography].

PMID- 3383306
TI  - [Care of patients treated by the infrahyoid myocutaneous flap for reconstruction
      after resection of lingual carcinoma].

PMID- 3383307
TI  - [Nursing of patients with advanced lower rectum and anal canal carcinoma treated
      by cryosurgery].

PMID- 3383308
TI  - [10-year follow-up of chronic cor pulmonale treated with guben drugs].

PMID- 3383309
TI  - [The acute phase cor pulmonale treated with traditional Chinese medicine and
      Western medicine].

PMID- 3383310
TI  - [Clinical study on the anti-aging effect of antisenility I].

PMID- 3383311
TI  - [Clinical and experimental study of shuxinning in treating coronary heart
      disease].

PMID- 3383312
TI  - [Activating blood circulation and relieving stasis in the treatment of
      experimental peritonitis].

PMID- 3383313
TI  - [Effect of the yiqi houxue principle on the acute stage cor pulmonale].

PMID- 3383314
TI  - Narcotics and myocardial performance in patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3383315
TI  - The compelling rationale for less preoperative testing.

PMID- 3383316
TI  - Additive effects of dihydralazine during enflurane or isoflurane hypotensive
      anaesthesia for spinal fusion.
AB  - Sixteen patients (13-38 yr) undergoing spinal fusion for scoliosis under
      controlled hypotension were studied to determine the haemodynamic and
      neuroendocrine responses to IV dihydralazine (1.0 mg.kg-1) followed by 0.5 and 1
      MAC of enflurane or isoflurane. Twenty minutes after dihydralazine administration
      mean arterial pressure (-20 per cent) and systemic vascular resistance (-50 per
      cent) decreased, and cardiac index (+57 per cent), heart rate (+37 per cent) and
      intrapulmonary shunt increased. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone and
      norepinephrine levels increased. Further decreases in mean arterial pressure and
      in systemic vascular resistance were observed when 0.5 MAC enflurane or
      isoflurane were added. With 1 MAC anaesthetic levels a further decrease in mean
      arterial pressure was observed in both groups, but pressure fell to a lower level
      with isoflurane than with enflurane (p less than 0.01). The reduction of arterial
      blood pressure to a level of 50-60 mmHg for three to four hours was easy to
      control and was free of complications. The preliminary IV administration of
      dihydralazine allowed a reduced volatile agent concentration which attenuated
      undesirable haemodynamic effects, in spite of renin and norepinephrine release,
      and permitted a rapid intraoperative awakening.

PMID- 3383317
TI  - Prospective assessment of a protocol for selective ordering of preoperative chest
      x-rays.
AB  - Routine preoperative chest x-rays are still widely employed worldwide, although
      results of many studies do not support their broad utilization. A protocol for
      selective ordering of preoperative chest x-rays, according to the patient's
      clinical status, medical history and scheduled surgery, was developed and
      implemented in a teaching hospital in Paris. The utilization of the protocol
      during a one-year period was evaluated. Eleven hundred and one chest x-rays were
      ordered in 3866 patients (28 per cent). Five hundred and sixty-eight x-rays (52
      per cent) were abnormal. One hundred and sixty-six (15 per cent) were considered
      useful by the anaesthetists, who took into account the entire hospital course,
      although only 51 (5 per cent) had an impact on the surgical plan or anaesthetic
      management. Among the 2765 patients who did not have a preoperative chest x-ray,
      two patients could have benefited from the chest x-ray, in the view of
      anaesthetists. Chart review for these two patients and for patients who had
      perioperative complications in the absence of a preoperative chest x-ray revealed
      that no complications could be linked to the lack of preoperative chest x-ray
      ordering. This study shows that the abandonment of routine ordering of
      preoperative chest x-rays does not produce adverse effects on patient care.

PMID- 3383318
TI  - Critical incidents detected by pulse oximetry during anaesthesia.
AB  - The Critical Incident Technique was used to study anaesthetics given in a major
      tertiary care teaching hospital in order to define indications for monitoring
      with a pulse oximeter during anaesthesia. Anaesthetists were asked to use a pulse
      oximeter in every case and trained to report Critical Incidents in order to
      determine if the oximeter can shorten the time to detection of these events. Four
      thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven anaesthetics were given during a four
      month period in 1986-87. A Critical Incident was recorded when an unexpected
      physiologic deterioration requiring intervention by the anaesthetist to prevent a
      likely bad outcome was signalled first by the pulse oximeter. Critical Incidents
      were classified by patient characteristics, physiologic change, type of
      anaesthetic, and the type, length, and place of surgery. Reports were received in
      65 per cent of cases, and a Critical Incident occurred in 191 (six per cent) of
      these. Desaturation was the commonest physiologic change (151) and was further
      classified as to severity (mild 85-94 per cent saturation, moderate 75-84 per
      cent, and severe 75 per cent). Desaturations during the maintenance phase of
      anaesthesia were milder but more frequent than those in the induction or
      emergence phases. There were no severe desaturations in elderly patients or those
      receiving regional anaesthesia. No group was free of Critical Incidents. Since
      undetected hypoxaemia may lead to disastrous complications we recommend that a
      pulse oximeter be used for every anaesthetic.

PMID- 3383319
TI  - Towards excellence in anaesthesia.

PMID- 3383320
TI  - Shivering following retrobulbar block.
AB  - A case of a severe but brief period of shivering following a retrobulbar block
      (RBB) is presented. The shivering occurred within two minutes after completion of
      the RBB and subsided gradually within five minutes, without specific treatment.
      The patient remained conscious during the episode of shivering. The shivering was
      so abrupt and severe as to be misjudged as a seizure, but its onset appeared to
      be slower than a seizure. The mechanism of shivering appeared to be the central
      spread of local anaesthetic solution into the brain stem, along the optic nerve.
      Shivering may be a warning sign of brain stem anaesthesia and demands special
      care to anticipate life-threatening complications.

PMID- 3383321
TI  - Operative intra-aortic balloon rupture.
AB  - Rupture of an intra-aortic balloon (IAB), inserted to assist in weaning from
      cardiopulmonary bypass, occurred during attempted intra-aortic administration of
      protamine in a 71-year-old male who later died. Intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation (IABC) is most commonly utilized to assist in weaning from
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or to augment low-flow states following CPB. In
      hospital survival following IAB insertion in these circumstances in patients with
      coronary artery disease is approximately 60 per cent. Patients with valvular
      disease have a lower in-hospital survival rate (50 per cent). Complications of
      IABC are usually of vascular or infectious origin. Balloon rupture is a rare
      though potentially lethal complication. The effects of balloon rupture may be
      compounded by the use of helium as a driving gas to inflate the balloon. Intra
      aortic administration of protamine has not been shown to be superior to
      peripheral administration and should be avoided if an IAB is in place.

PMID- 3383322
TI  - Physician-accompanied transport of surgical intensive care patients.
AB  - During a one-year period, 107 critically ill adult patients were transferred by a
      physician-accompanied transport system (PATS). Most patients required both
      tracheal intubation (82 per cent) and mechanical ventilation (71 per cent), while
      continuous vasopressor support was required in 27 per cent of transfers. Patients
      were classified as either potential organ donors (n = 21) or nondonor patients (n
      = 86). Nondonor patients had a mean time of patient transfer documented from the
      initial telephone contact to final arrival of the patient in the ICU of 345 +/-
      221 min (range 65-1350 min); the mean time the patients were out-of-hospital was
      73 +/- 58 min (range 5-330 min); the average distance travelled by the patient
      and PATS was 342 +/- 692 km (range 1-4000 km). Ultimate nonsurvivors of ICU
      admission (36 per cent) had shorter out-of-hospital times, shorter travel
      distances, and increased interventional support, as assessed by the Therapeutic
      Intervention Scoring System applied over the telephone and prior to departure at
      the referring hospital. Significant interventions were undertaken by PATS in 23
      per cent of the nondonor patients prior to departure. During the transport
      process, there was at least a seven per cent morbidity (arrhythmia, hypotension,
      and vehicular difficulties) and a 0.9 mortality rate. We conclude that PATS
      offered significant advantages to this patient population through its ability to
      maintain acceptable morbidity and mortality rates while transferring patients
      over long distances and for prolonged periods of time.

PMID- 3383323
TI  - Temporary A-V sequential pacing using transluminal pacing electrodes.
AB  - A case is presented which describes the initiation of atrial-ventricular (A-V)
      sequential pacing using atrial epicardial wires and an in-situ transluminal
      ventricular pacing probe. A 68-year-old female with a permanent A-V sequential
      pacemaker was scheduled for elective aortocoronary bypass. Following sternotomy,
      pacing function was converted to ventricular pacing (VVI) with the use of
      electrocautery. A Chandler V-pacing probe was introduced through a Paceport
      (American Edwards) pulmonary artery catheter and with a paced increase in
      ventricular rate, the cardiac output increased from 2.8 to 3.2 L.min-1. At the
      conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass the patient was in sinus rhythm at a rate of
      67.min-1 and was paced to a faster rate using bipolar atrial epicardial wires.
      The patient subsequently developed intermittent heart block so temporary A-V
      sequential pacing was established using atrial epicardial wires and the in situ
      ventricular pacing probe. Pacing was achieved at routine generator output
      settings of seven milliamps (mA) for both atrium and ventricle and at an A-V
      interval of 0.120 sec. This resulted in an immediate increase in cardiac output
      from 3.3 to 4.1 L.min-1. The compatibility of these two pacing systems offers an
      increased margin of safety in cardiac surgery patients requiring atrial pacing,
      who are at risk for developing postoperative heart block.

PMID- 3383324
TI  - Heparin reversal protocol.

PMID- 3383325
TI  - Prolonged bleeding from epidural insertion site.

PMID- 3383326
TI  - Epidural blood patch in treatment of chronic headache.

PMID- 3383327
TI  - Abdominal subcutaneous emphysema: an unusual complication of lumbar epidural
      block.

PMID- 3383328
TI  - "Single-shot" epidural anaesthetics.

PMID- 3383329
TI  - The epidural test dose and the identification of rare events.

PMID- 3383331
TI  - In vivo and in vitro characteristics of early carcinogen-induced premalignant
      phenotypes in cultured rat tracheal epithelial cells.
AB  - The initial stages of neoplastic transformation in respiratory tract epithelial
      cells were defined and studied by characterizing a series of morphologically
      transformed cell colonies from carcinogen-exposed rat tracheal epithelial (RTE)
      cell cultures both in vivo and in vitro. RTE cells were isolated from Fischer 344
      rats, plated on collagen-coated dishes, and exposed to 7,12
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene on day 1 for 24 h. Between days 26 and 30, single
      colonies of morphologically altered cells were isolated and classified into three
      major classes based on cell density. Following replating, the cells were tested
      for their ability to grow on various substrates and in various culture media.
      Generally, Class II and III cells exhibited a higher colony forming efficiency
      when replated on various substrates. Class III cells appeared to grow better than
      Class I or II cells in complete medium, while Class I cells grew better in medium
      without 3T3 conditioning factors. At early passage levels, the population
      doubling times were longer for Class I cells than for Class II cells. Class III
      cells had the shortest population doubling times. The various cell lines were
      also placed into denuded tracheal grafts. Untreated cells produced a normal
      mucociliary epithelium, while Class I cells produced a simple cuboidal
      epithelium. Class II and III cells formed a highly atypical and usually malignant
      epithelia. Inoculation of the three classes of cells into nude mice provided
      confirming evidence of the benign nature of Class I cell lines and the malignant
      nature of some Class II cell lines and all of the Class III cell lines.

PMID- 3383332
TI  - Induction by growth factors from platelets of the focus-forming transformed
      phenotype in carcinogen-treated C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts.
AB  - Wounding of mouse skin promotes tumor formation as effectively as 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Like wounding, TPA stimulates the release
      of growth factors from platelets and the leakage of plasma from the capillary
      circulation. Thus, initiated cells in TPA-treated skin are also exposed to the
      components of whole blood-derived serum. It is possible that serum factors play
      an important role in the multi-step process of neoplastic transformation. In this
      study, we evaluate the significance of serum components derived from plasma and
      platelets in the neoplastic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts
      exposed to methylcholanthrene. Carcinogen-treated cultures grown to confluence in
      medium containing 5% whole blood-derived serum (FBS), but maintained for 5 weeks
      after confluence in plasma-derived serum (PDS), which lacks the platelet
      components found in whole blood-derived serum, failed to produce transformed
      foci. The addition of an aqueous extract of platelets to PDS induced the
      formation of transformed foci with an efficiency comparable to FBS and
      proportional to the amount and mitogenic activity of the platelet extract. The
      growth of newly transformed cells was not inhibited by the absence of platelet
      factors in the culture medium. The loss of density-dependent growth control
      required at least 3-4 weeks of post-confluence exposure to serum factors derived
      from platelets. The data suggest that platelet factors induce the conversion of a
      carcinogen-initiated cell to a focus-forming transformed cell. We demonstrate
      that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is essential for the induction of the
      focus-forming phenotype in initiated cells and that PDGF acts co-operatively with
      the platelet-derived type-beta transforming growth factor and EGF-like growth
      factor to induce this transformed phenotype. These growth factors may be acting
      as endogenous promoters of neoplastic transformation of chemically initiated
      C3H/10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts.

PMID- 3383333
TI  - Inactivation of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in the rat liver due to an
      intraperitoneal administration of methylated DNA.
AB  - Intraperitoneal administration of 6.5 mg of in vitro methylated DNA (meDNA)
      containing 1.5 x 10(-4) mM of O6-methylguanine (6MG) to male outbred rats
      weighing 150 g led to a considerable decrease in the activity of liver O6
      alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AT). One hour after treatment there occurred a
      4- to 5-fold decrease in the AT activity followed by its slow recovery. However,
      after 48 h, AT activity considerably exceeded control levels. A 5-fold decrease
      in the amount of administered meDNA resulted in the absence of its effect,
      whereas administration of higher amounts produced a further AT inactivation. A
      similar treatment with non-methylated DNA did not change AT activity. The
      possibility of AT exhaustion under in vivo conditions and thereby inhibition of
      repair of O6-alkylguanine in DNA, playing a key role in mutagenic, carcinogenic
      and antineoplastic effects of certain alkylating agents, might be helpful in
      increasing susceptibility of animals to such compounds.

PMID- 3383334
TI  - Effects of sodium L-ascorbate, uracil, butylated hydroxyanisole and extracellular
      pH on junctional intercellular communication of BALB/c 3T3 cells.
AB  - To study the mechanism of tumor promotion by different classes of urinary bladder
      promoters, the effect of sodium L-ascorbate, uracil and butylated hydroxyanisole
      (BHA) on junctional intercellular communication was examined in cultured BALB/c
      3T3 cells using a dye-transfer method. In addition, since administration of
      sodium L-ascorbate and several other bladder tumor promoters is known to result
      in increased urinary pH, the effect of pH of the culture medium on intercellular
      communication was investigated. Results showed that under the present
      experimental conditions on the BALB/c 3T3 cells, BHA inhibited intercellular
      communication while sodium L-ascorbate and uracil did not. Intercellular
      communication was inhibited in proportion to the increase of medium pH after
      incubation of 4 h. Although further study is necessary to confirm the negative
      results of sodium L-ascorbate and uracil, these results suggest differences in
      the promoting mechanism(s) among these agents.

PMID- 3383330
TI  - Abstracts: annual meeting of the Canadian Anesthetists' Society. June 26-29,
      1988, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

PMID- 3383335
TI  - Clastogenic effects induced in mice and rats by 1,4-bis[2-(3,5
      dichloropyridyloxy)]-benzene, a phenobarbital-like enzyme inducer and liver
      tumour promoter.
AB  - The clastogenic activity of 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]-benzene
      (TCPOBOP), a phenobarbital-like enzyme inducer and liver tumour promoter, was
      studied in mammalian cells exposed in vivo and in vitro. The effects of an oral
      treatment with 3 mg/kg body weight of TCPOBOP were scored in the bone marrow
      cells and in the liver cells of B6C3F1 hybrid mice. A relevant increase in the
      frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed in both cell types. A co
      administration of TCPOBOP and carbon tetrachloride (the latter given to stimulate
      liver cell divisions) produced similar effects to those induced by TCPOBOP alone.
      Several i.p. doses (1, 3, 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg body weight) were administered to
      Swiss-albino mice and to Sprague-Dawley rats. In bone marrow cells, a remarkable
      concordance between the two species was observed: at any dose higher than 3 mg/kg
      body weight the increase in frequency of chromosomal aberrations was more than
      three times the control level, with a slight decrease at the highest dose. A dose
      of 300 mg/kg body weight was lethal. Doses of 3 or 30 mg/kg body weight were also
      administered i.p. to partially hepatectomized rats and the effects on metaphase
      chromosomes were detected in the liver cells. Besides an increase in structural
      chromosomal aberration frequency, TCPOBOP induced high percentages of hypodiploid
      and hyperdiploid-hypotetraploid liver cells. Since no changes in euploidy were
      observed in the bone marrow cells, this effect seems to be tissue specific. The
      clastogenic activity of TCPOBOP was also confirmed in vitro by a rat lymphocyte
      assay without addition of any exogenous metabolic activation.

PMID- 3383336
TI  - Estimates of the proportion of lung cancer attributable to occupational exposure.
AB  - The proportion of lung cancer due to occupational exposure has been estimated by
      computing the attributable risk in the population (ARp) from various case-control
      studies. Different criteria have been used in including occupational exposures
      from published studies: (i) exposure to lung carcinogens according to a job
      exposure matrix approach; (ii) occupations in which an increased risk of lung
      cancer has been established; (iii) occupations in which an increased risk of lung
      cancer has been suggested; and (iv) occupations associated with a statistically
      significant increase of lung cancer. Only studies in which the confounding effect
      of smoking was controlled for have been included. We found a wide variability of
      ARp estimates, mainly due to the different geographical locations of the studies,
      while they seem to be only moderately affected by the different criteria of
      inclusion of the relevant occupational exposures. Studies using job-exposure
      matrices gave ARps ranging from 0.6% to 35%. When a list of recognized
      carcinogenic exposures was used for the selection of the relevant occupations,
      the estimates varied between 2.4% and 40%. From the studies reviewed it also
      appears that tobacco smoking has a very limited confounding effect. Various
      limitations of the exercise are discussed.

PMID- 3383337
TI  - Failure of the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643 to induce unscheduled DNA
      synthesis in rat hepatocytes following in vivo treatment.
AB  - Peroxisome proliferator hepatocarcinogens lack genotoxic activity in numerous in
      vitro assays using non-target cells which do not respond with peroxisome
      proliferation. Therefore, the effect of in vivo treatment with WY-14,643 on DNA
      repair was quantitated in rat hepatocytes, the target cell for carcinogenesis.
      Palmitoyl CoA oxidase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities in isolated
      hepatocytes were elevated by WY-14,643 (50 mg/kg/day by gavage for up to 5
      consecutive days) and by WY-14,643 (0.1%) or di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
      (1.2%) feeding (for up to 28 days), indicating peroxisome proliferation had
      occurred. DNA repair as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was measured
      autoradiographically as net nuclear grains following thymidine incorporation in
      primary hepatocyte cultures. Treatment of rats with WY-14,643 (gavage or feeding)
      or DEHP (feeding) did not induce UDS. Addition of 2-acetylaminofluorene to
      replicate cultures demonstrated that WY-14,643 or DEHP treatment did not prevent
      repair response. Additional cultures were treated with H2O2 (0.8 mM H2O2 3x at 1
      h intervals) to evaluate the ability of UDS to detect any repair which may be
      induced by peroxisomal metabolism. H2O2 did not induce UDS at this concentration,
      nor did it prevent 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced repair. UDS was, however,
      observed in a separate experiment using a higher concentration of H2O2. In
      summary, a highly carcinogenic peroxisome proliferator did not induce UDS in the
      target cell for carcinogenesis in spite of peroxisome proliferation following in
      vivo treatment.

PMID- 3383338
TI  - Measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult mouse
      epidermal keratinocytes.
AB  - Skin is a major target tissue for many environmental carcinogens. In order to
      provide a tool to study the role of DNA-repair processes in relation to DNA
      damage and carcinogenesis in this tissue, we have developed an assay that
      measures chemically induced DNA repair as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) using
      cultures of adult mouse epidermal keratinocytes (MEKs) from SENCAR mice. Primary
      MEKs were prepared and incubated for 24 h in the presence of the test chemical
      and 10 microCi/ml [3H]thymidine. UDS was quantitated autoradiographically as net
      grains per nucleus. This assay detected DNA damage caused by the direct-acting
      agents N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, N-methylnitrosourea, methyl
      methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate and (+/-)-7 beta-8 alpha-dihydroxy-9
      alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and the indirect-acting
      carcinogens 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, adriamycin and 4
      nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The growth conditions used allowed the epidermal cells to
      retain the tissue specificity of carcinogen activation of mouse epidermis in vivo
      in that 2-acetylaminofluorene was inactive in this assay. This assay system
      should be useful for determining genotoxic and potential carcinogenic agents for
      skin as well as for mechanistic studies involving DNA repair and chemical
      carcinogenesis in this tissue.

PMID- 3383339
TI  - Cytogenetic effects caused by phorbol ester tumor promoters in primary mouse
      keratinocyte cultures: correlation with the convertogenic activity of TPA in
      multistage skin carcinogenesis.
AB  - The effects of the convertogenic ('first-stage') tumor promoter 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the non-convertogenic ('second stage')
      tumor promoter 12-O-retinoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (RPA) and the non-promoting
      phorbol esters 4-O-MeTPA and 4-alpha-PDD on the chromosomes of mouse
      keratinocytes in primary cultures were investigated. In these target cells of
      tumor promotion TPA caused severe numerical and structural chromosomal
      aberrations, which were evident after two cell cycles and accumulated after
      multiple applications. Numerical aberrations were visible as hypo- and
      hyperdiploidy, with non-random loss or gain of specific chromosomes. The
      clastogenic effects were evident as simple alterations such as gaps and breaks,
      but more severe alterations such as tri- and quadriradial chromatid interchanges
      and ring chromosomes, as well as translocations could be observed. The structural
      aberrations were nonrandomly distributed in the genome and chromosomes no. 1, 2,
      5, 6 and 18 were preferentially involved in rearrangements. In addition to the
      aneuploidogenic, clastogenic and recombinogenic effects induced by TPA, short
      treatment with this tumor promoter was efficient in producing cytogenetic
      equivalents of gene amplification, i.e. double minute chromosomes. The
      cytogenetic effects were not merely due to cytotoxicity since they occurred after
      a low TPA dose (10(-8) M) and did not considerably increase with a higher dose
      (10(-6) M). Moreover, at both dose levels cell cycle traverse of mouse
      keratinocytes was not drastically altered. In contrast, the non-convertogenic
      tumor promoter RPA and the non-promoting phorbol esters 4-alpha-PDD and 4-O-MeTPA
      (at the same dose level) did not cause any substantial chromosomal alterations.
      This discrepancy between the action of TPA and RPA suggests that effects which
      result in chromosomal alterations in the target cells may be critical for the
      conversion stage of skin tumor promotion. This conclusion is supported by
      experiments with substances such as antipain and eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid
      which inhibit both tumor induction in initiated skin and the cytogenetic
      alterations induced by TPA in cultured keratinocytes. These studies provide for
      the first time the possibility of differentiating between convertogenic and non
      convertogenic tumor promoters in an in vitro assay using the target cells of
      mouse skin carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3383340
TI  - Isolation of clones displaying enhanced resistance to methylating agents in O6
      methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-proficient CHO cells.
AB  - O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MT)-proficient Chinese hamster ovary
      cells were grown in the presence of low, gradually increasing levels of N-methyl
      N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) with the aim of selecting MNNG-resistant cell
      lines. Six resistant clones with two levels of resistance were isolated. A 3-fold
      increase in survival was observed in clones 13, 14 and 15 and a greater than 10
      fold increase in clones A, B and C. Cross resistance to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea
      but not to mitomycin C was observed. By comparison with the parental MT
      proficient cells, MT activity was doubled in two resistant clones (13 and B)
      irrespective of their resistance levels. DNA glycosylase activity responsible for
      the removal of 7-methylguanine and 3-methyladenine showed similar levels in
      resistant clones 13 and B, in the MT-proficient cells and in the original MT
      deficient cells. Alkylation-induced DNA damage, as measured by alkaline elution
      at the same MNNG dose, was higher in clones 13 and B than in the parental cells.
      The induction of sister chromatid exchanges by MNNG was inversely related to the
      resistance levels, thus paralleling the induction of cytotoxicity. These results
      suggest the existence in Chinese hamster ovary cells of at least two independent
      functions which control resistance to methylating agents, one possibly being the
      capacity to repair O6-methylguanine.

PMID- 3383341
TI  - Mutation induction by charged particles of defined linear energy transfer.
AB  - The mutagenic potential of charged particles of defined linear energy transfer
      (LET) was assessed using the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
      locus (HGPRT) in primary human fibroblasts. Exponentially growing cultures of
      early passaged fibroblasts were grown as monolayers on thin mylar sheets and were
      irradiated with accelerated protons, deuterons or helium-3 ions. The mutation
      rates were compared with those generated by 137Cs gamma-rays. LET values for
      charged particles accelerated at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility,
      using the track segment mode, ranged from 10 to 150 keV/micron. After
      irradiation, cells were trypsinized, subcultured and assayed for both
      cytotoxicity and 6-thioguanine resistance. For gamma-rays, and for the charged
      particles of lower LET, the dose-response curves for cell survival were
      characterized by a marked initial shoulder, but approximated to an exponential
      function of dose for higher LETs. Mutation frequencies, likewise, showed a direct
      correlation to LET over the dose range examined. Relative biological
      effectiveness (RBE) for mutagenesis, based on the initial slopes of the dose
      response curves, ranged from 1.30 for 10 keV/micron protons to 9.40 for 150
      keV/micron helium-3 ions. Results of the present studies indicate that high-LET
      radiations, apart from being efficient inducers of cell lethality, are even more
      efficient in mutation induction as compared to low-LET ionizing radiation. These
      data are consistent with results previously obtained with both rodent and human
      fibroblast cell lines.

PMID- 3383342
TI  - Covalent binding of components of coal-tar, creosote and bitumen to the DNA of
      the skin and lungs of mice following topical application.
AB  - In order to assess the DNA damaging ability of complex carcinogenic mixtures,
      male Parkes mice were treated topically with solutions of (i) pharmaceutical coal
      tar, (ii) creosote, a blend of coal-tar fractions or (iii) bitumen, a product of
      oil-refining. DNA was isolated from the treated skin and analysed by 32P-post
      labelling. A band of radioactivity was obtained on polyethyleneimine--cellulose
      TLC indicating the formation of DNA adducts by a large number of different
      chemical compounds present in these fossil fuel products. The chromatographic
      properties of the adducts were broadly characteristic of those formed by
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The levels of DNA binding were approximately
      0.4 fmol total adducts/micrograms DNA 24 h after treatment for coal-tar and
      creosote and 0.09 fmol/micrograms DNA for bitumen treatment. The persistence of
      adducts in mouse skin following a single dose of either coal-tar or creosote was
      found to exhibit a phase of rapid removal, in which one half to two thirds of the
      initial levels of adducts, detected at 24 h after treatment, were removed by 7
      days followed by a second phase in which one half to two thirds of the remainder
      was removed in the succeeding 25 days. When mice were treated topically with
      multiple carcinogenic doses of coal-tar, creosote or bitumen for up to 5 weeks, a
      steady accumulation of adducts was seen in skin DNA during the course of the
      treatment, approaching a steady-state level towards the end of the treatment
      period in some instances. A similar accumulation of adducts was also evident in
      lung DNA, the levels being approximately half those attained in skin. The results
      demonstrate the application of 32P-post-labelling to the detection of DNA adducts
      formed in vivo by complex carcinogenic mixtures of the type to which humans are
      exposed.

PMID- 3383343
TI  - Distribution of catalase and its modulation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13
      acetate in murine dermis and subpopulations of keratinocytes differing in their
      stages of differentiation.
AB  - Topical treatment of female SENCAR mice with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
      (TPA) reduced both dermal and epidermal catalase-specific activities 38% and 51%
      within 6 h and 18 h of promoter application, respectively. Dermal catalase
      activity recovered to control levels within 72 h of treatment whereas epidermal
      catalase activity remained suppressed. Activity measurements were also made in
      four subpopulations of keratinocytes prepared by Percoll gradient centrifugation
      that differed in their stages of differentiation. Catalase-specific activity
      increased with keratinocyte maturity and ranged from 45-54 U/mg protein for basal
      cell preparations to 252 U/mg protein for granular-squamous cell preparations.
      Pretreatment of the epidermis for 16-18 h with TPA (2 micrograms) uniformly
      reduced catalase-specific activity 46-52% in all keratinocyte subpopulations
      prepared by Percoll gradient centrifugation. Similarly, plots of catalase units
      per cell versus extracted protein per cell suggested 55-60% decreases in catalase
      activity in basal and spinous cell keratinocytes of TPA treated epidermis.
      Furthermore, catalase-specific activity in homogenates of whole epidermis (144
      182 units/mg protein) was most similar to the activity of the granular/squamous
      keratinocyte subpopulation. Collectively, these studies suggest that: (i) TPA
      reduces the capacity for H2O2 detoxification by catalase throughout the
      epidermis; and (ii) activity measurements on unfractionated epidermal
      preparations may not be representative of the basal cell keratinocyte population.

PMID- 3383344
TI  - Uracil-induced calculi and proliferative lesions of the mouse urinary bladder.
AB  - Uracil fed as 3% of the diet to rats produces urinary calculi and consequent
      proliferative lesions of the bladder epithelium, including papillomatosis. We
      evaluated the effects of dietary uracil in two strains of mice and compared the
      results in males and females. Uracil was fed as 3 or 1% of the diet to male and
      female Swiss and C3H mice for up to 20 weeks. The 3% dose produced marked
      proliferative changes in the bladder epithelium by 10 weeks of administration,
      the earliest time at which the animals were processed for microscopic evaluation.
      These lesions progressed to severe nodular and papillary hyperplasia so that all
      of the animals fed 3% uracil had to be killed by the end of the 15th week. These
      animals had uracil-formed calculi. In contrast, mice fed 1% uracil rarely
      developed uracil calculi, and also rarely developed proliferative changes in the
      bladder epithelium as observed by light microscopy. Also, the labeling index was
      determined and showed quantitatively the degree of cell proliferation similar to
      that qualitatively observed by light microscopic examination. At 10 weeks of
      administration, there was an increased labeling index in the males compared to
      females in both strains of mice fed 3% uracil, but this difference was not
      significant at 15 weeks. Similarly, the males tended to have more severe
      histologic changes than the females. The results of feeding high doses of uracil
      are similar in mice to those previously observed in rats.

PMID- 3383345
TI  - Metabolism and mutagenic activity of benzo[k]fluoranthene and 3-, 8- and 9
      fluorobenzo[k]fluoranthene.
AB  - The metabolism of 3-, 8- and 9-fluorobenzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) relative to
      B[k]F was investigated. The major metabolites of B[k]F formed in vitro using rat
      liver S-9 metabolism systems were 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxyB[k]F, the 2,3-quinone
      of B[k]F and 3-, 8- and 9-hydroxyB[k]F. Fluorine substitution within the
      structure of B[k]F substantially altered the types of metabolites formed in
      vitro. The most pronounced effect was observed with 9-fluoroB[k]F. In contrast to
      B[k]F, the 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-, 9-hydroxy- and 10,11-dihydro-10,11
      dihydroxy derivatives were not detected as metabolites of 9-fluoroB[k]F. However,
      either the 2,3- or 4,5-dihydrodiol of 9-fluoroB[k]F was detected. In the case of
      8-fluoroB[k]F, neither the 8- nor 11-hydroxy- derivatives were detected. The
      principle dihydrodiols formed from 8-fluoroB[k]F were the 10,11-dihydrodiol and
      either the 2,3-or 4,5-dihydrodiol. The pattern of metabolites formed with 3
      fluoroB[k]F was similar to that observed with B[k]F with the exception that
      neither the 3- nor 4-hydroxy derivatives were formed. Mass spectral data
      indicated that fluoro substitution is not lost to any appreciable extent during
      the metabolism of 3-, 8- and 9-fluoroB[k]F. The mutagenic activity of these B[k]F
      fluoro derivatives along with B[k]F, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyB[k]F, the 2,3
      quinone of B[k]F and 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxyB[k]F were evaluated in Salmonella
      typhimurium TA100 in the presence of rat liver S-9 metabolism systems. 3
      FluoroB[k]F was more mutagenic than B[k]F, while both 8- and 9-fluoroB[k]F were
      less active. While the 2,3-dihydrodiol and 2,3-quinone were weakly active, the
      8,9-dihydrodiol had similar mutagenic potency to B[k]F.

PMID- 3383346
TI  - The essential role of microsomal deacetylase activity in the metabolic
      activation, DNA-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene adduct formation and
      initiation of liver tumors by N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in the livers of
      infant male B6C3F1 mice.
AB  - Deacetylation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AAF) to N-hydroxy-2
      aminofluorene (N-hydroxy-AF) has been proposed as one of the critical metabolic
      steps in the formation of hepatic DNA adducts and the initiation of liver tumors
      in 12-day-old male B6C3F1 mice. In this study, the importance of the microsomal
      deacetylase activity for N-hydroxy-AAF in the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis
      in these mice was demonstrated by using a carboxylesterase and amidase inhibitor,
      bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP), that is much less toxic in vivo than is
      paraoxon. Pre-incubation of liver microsomes from 12-day-old male B6C3F1 mice
      with 10(-3) M BNPP reduced the deacetylase activity by 80% while paraoxon
      inhibited the deacetylase activity completely at a concentration of 10(-4) M.
      Pretreatment of 12-day-old male B6C3F1 mice with 4 X 75 micrograms doses of
      BNPP/g body weight before the administration of N-hydroxy-AAF reduced the hepatic
      N-(dGuo-8-yl)-AF adduct levels to 1.09 and 0.68 pmol/mg DNA compared with 2.87
      and 1.64 pmol/mg DNA for mice treated once with 0.06 or 0.03 mumol of N-hydroxy
      AAF/g body weight respectively. However, BNPP pretreatments did not affect the
      levels of the acetylated DNA adducts, N-(dGuo-8-yl)-AAF and 3-(dGuo-N2-yl)-AAF,
      formed by these doses of N-hydroxy-AAF. The initiation of liver tumors by N
      hydroxy-AAF was also inhibited by BNPP pretreatment. Thus, for mice that received
      single doses of 0.12, 0.06 and 0.03 mumol of N-hydroxy-AAF/g body weight, the
      multiplicities of liver tumors at 10 months were reduced by BNPP pretreatments to
      5.6, 1.0 and 0.3 compared with multiplicities of 11.8, 4.8 and 1.7 without
      pretreatment respectively. On the other hand, BNPP pretreatments had no
      significant inhibitory effects on the levels of the hepatic DNA-N-(dGuo-8-yl)-AF
      adduct or on the liver tumor multiplicities induced by comparable doses of N
      hydroxy-AF. It is concluded that deacetylation of N-hydroxy-AAF to N-hydroxy-AF
      is essential for the metabolic activation, DNA-N-(dGuo-8-yl)-AF adduct formation
      and liver tumor initiation in infant male B6C3F1 mice by N-hydroxy-AAF.

PMID- 3383347
TI  - Inhibition of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine metabolism and DNA binding in cultured
      rat esophagus by ellagic acid.
AB  - The effect of ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, on the
      metabolism, DNA binding and DNA adduct formation of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine
      (NBMA) in cultured explants of rat esophagus was investigated. Explants were
      incubated in medium containing EA at non-toxic concentrations of 10, 50 and 100
      microM for 16 h, followed by the addition of 1 microM [3H]NBMA and EA for 12 h.
      Explant DNA was isolated by phenol extraction and hydroxylapatite chromatography,
      and benzaldehyde formation was determined by HPLC analysis of the culture medium.
      EA produced a significant inhibition in the total covalent binding of NBMA
      metabolites to DNA and in the production of benzaldehyde in the medium. After
      acid hydrolysis of the isolated DNA, the NBMA--DNA adducts were separated by
      HPLC. EA caused a dose-dependent decrease in the formation of N7-methylguanine
      and O6-methylguanine adducts. These results suggest that EA inhibits both the
      metabolism of NBMA and the binding of NBMA metabolites to DNA in cultured rat
      esophagus.

PMID- 3383348
TI  - Effect of age and strain on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine tumorigenesis in
      ACI and Wistar Furth rats.
AB  - N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) dissolved in distilled water (5 g/l)
      was administered orally once by gastric tube at a dose of 0.25 ml/10 g body
      weight to 5-day-old or 28-day-old Wistar Furth (W/Fu) or ACI rats. Gastric tumors
      in the glandular stomach were found in 58% of 5-day-old ACI rats, but none were
      found in the rest of the groups. Forestomach tumors were found in both strains of
      rats at both age groups with incidences of 68-100%. Lung tumors were induced in
      64% of 5-day-old and 6% of 28-day-old W/Fu rats, but not in ACI rats. Besides the
      tumors, a high frequency of hepatic cysts was also noted in ACI rats. Intestinal
      metaplastic foci with alkaline phosphatase activity were found in the group of 5
      day-old ACI rats and none in the rest of the groups. The results showed that the
      incidences and the locations of tumors in rats induced by MNNG are greatly
      influenced by both strain and age.

PMID- 3383349
TI  - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate releases human diploid fibroblasts from
      contact-dependent inhibition of growth.
AB  - Treatment of human diploid fibroblasts at varying cell densities with 12-O
      tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (10(-7) M) resulted in a bimodal response
      of proliferation rate: while at low cell densities (3 x 10(3)-1.5 x 10(4)
      cells/cm2) TPA inhibited the proliferation by up to 50%, at high cell densities
      (1-1.6 x 10(5) cells/cm2) a 2-fold higher proliferation rate as in untreated
      cultures was observed. When sparsely seeded normal diploid fibroblasts were grown
      in the presence of immobilized plasma membrane glycoproteins, as in confluent
      cell cultures strongly decreased proliferation and enhanced collagen type III
      synthesis is found. Using this test system, it emerged that the addition of
      plasma membrane proteins from untreated as well as from TPA-treated fibroblasts
      to untreated fibroblasts resulted in a strong inhibition of proliferation rate.
      In contrast, the addition of either untreated or TPA-treated plasma membrane
      proteins to cell cultured in the presence of TPA had no effect on growth. It is
      suggested that TPA treatment of normal diploid cells in culture results in a loss
      of responsiveness against cell-cell contacts, leading to an escape from the
      contact-dependent inhibition of growth.

PMID- 3383350
TI  - Temperament characteristics of toddlers born prematurely.
AB  - An examination was made of the hypothesis that prematurity is associated with
      difficult temperament outcome in childhood. Temperament ratings for 40 preterm,
      very low birthweight 3-year-olds were compared with those of a matched, term
      control group. Results suggested that while toddlers born prematurely were rated
      as less rhythmic than their term counterparts, no differences existed between the
      groups with respect to the diagnostic clusters 'easy', 'difficult', and 'slow to
      warm up'. It was concluded that from a global temperament standpoint, our high
      risk preterm 3-year-olds were not perceived as more temperamentally difficult
      than term controls. The suggestion was offered that researchers seeking to
      broaden the scope of outcome assessment of high-risk children turn to more direct
      measures of behaviour associated with temperament.

PMID- 3383351
TI  - Grading severity of childhood disablement: comparing survey measures with a
      paediatrician's assessment.
AB  - This study investigates the relationship between a paediatrician's assessment of
      the overall severity of disablement in a sample of 10-year-old children and the
      survey data on which this assessment was based. An attempt was made to identify
      disabilities or combinations of disabilities which were good predictors of the
      paediatrician's assessment. It was possible to do this with some success with
      children assessed as severely disabled but it was much more difficult to do so
      where the degree of disablement was assessed as mild or moderate. The
      implications of these findings for the assessment of children with disabilities
      which are less than severe are discussed.

PMID- 3383352
TI  - Preschool language intervention: a follow-up study.
AB  - A follow-up study was undertaken of 38 children who had attended a preschool
      language unit with detailed assessments of 25 by speech therapists and an
      educational psychologist. The subjects were assessed in a number of areas
      (language, learning and social skills) using standardized tests and rating
      schedules completed by teachers and parents. The initial results are presented in
      terms of group characteristics. At a mean age of 8.3 years the children were
      still making progress in all areas of development. Although some 16% of the
      children were attending specialist schools or classes (language unit, physically
      handicapped unit, schools for children with severe speech and language problems),
      the majority (84%) were within the mainstream of education. A continuing language
      difficulty was apparent on standardized tests. Reading and spelling were slightly
      depressed, but not significantly so. However, parents and teachers saw the
      children as differing little from their peers. The conclusion is reached that
      preschool intervention can prevent later educational failure.

PMID- 3383354
TI  - Influence of thrombin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation on the
      arteriolar mechanics in the rat mesentery.
AB  - Microcirculatory disturbances in experimental disseminated intravascular
      coagulation (DIC) were analyzed. Fibrinolysis was inhibited by the intravenous
      injection of tranexamic acid (100 mg/kg) 15 minutes before thrombin infusion, and
      thrombin (200 IU/body) was infused for the following 60 minutes. After stopping
      the thrombin infusion, laparotomy was performed for the observation of the
      microcirculation in the mesentery. The internal diameter of arterioles (20-30
      microns) was measured by the image-splitting method incorporated with a
      television monitor. The microcirculatory disturbances such as sludge and petechia
      appeared in the early period, and the arteriolar diameter increased gradually.
      The vasoconstrictive response to catecholamines was enhanced dose dependently.
      Experimental data suggest that dangerous disorders in the microcirculation might
      occur as a result of excessive treatment of DIC using catecholamines.

PMID- 3383355
TI  - Confounding factors in the hemorrhage of conscious swine: a retrospective study
      of physical restraint, splenectomy, and hyperthermia.
AB  - A retrospective study showed that variability in the responses of heart rate and
      mean arterial pressure to hemorrhage in conscious swine can be induced by
      handling procedures, hyperthermia, and splenectomy. All animals were hemorrhaged
      38.5 ml/kg over 1 hour. Physical restraint caused tachycardia prior to
      hemorrhage, an effect that was enhanced during hemorrhage; hemorrhage had no
      effect on the heart rate of unrestrained animals. Animals restrained in a sling
      also had an attenuated fall in mean arterial pressures throughout the experiment
      compared to normothermic swine. Splenectomized swine had elevated heart rates
      compared to sham-operated animals, with the difference persisting throughout
      hemorrhage. No difference in mean arterial pressure was noted due to splenectomy.
      These sources (handling, hyperthermia, and splenectomy) of experimental
      variability should be considered in the design and interpretation of experiments
      using conscious swine.

PMID- 3383353
TI  - Beneficial actions of antagonism of peptide leukotrienes in hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - The peptide leukotrienes are biologically active eicosanoids which have recently
      been implicated as possible mediators of anaphylactic, endotoxic, traumatic, and
      splanchnic artery occlusion shock. We studied the effects of a novel selective
      peptide leukotriene antagonist, L-649,923, in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock.
      Hemorrhaged rats treated with L-649,923 (1 mg/kg/h) maintained post-reinfusion
      mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) at significantly higher values than rats
      receiving either 0.9% NaCl or a lower dose (0.2 mg/kg/h) of L-649,923 (final MABP
      97 +/- 4 vs 60 +/- 5, p less than 0.01; vs 60 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.01,
      respectively). Both doses of L-649,923 attenuated the increase in plasma
      cathepsin D activity (p less than 0.01). L-649,923, at 1 mg/kg/h, also attenuated
      the plasma accumulation of free amino-nitrogen compounds (p less than 0.05).
      Furthermore, the plasma activity of a myocardial depressant factor (MDF) was
      significantly lower in rats treated with L-649,923 (1 mg/kg/h) than in rats
      receiving the lower dose of the drug or the vehicle (36 +/- 5 U/ml vs. 61 +/- 4
      U/ml, p less than 0.01; and 60 +/- 3 U/ml, p less than 0.01, respectively).
      Furthermore, L-649,923 does not inhibit platelet aggregation in platelet rich
      plasma. Our data suggest that peptide leukotrienes are important mediators of
      hemorrhagic shock and that blockade of leukotriene-induced vasoconstriction may
      underlie the beneficial effects of L-649,923 in hemorrhagic shock.

PMID- 3383356
TI  - Ibuprofen reduces the lung lymph flow changes associated with inhalation injury.
AB  - Inhalation injury was produced in sheep which were chronically prepared for
      study. The injury was induced by insufflating them with smoke from burning cotton
      cloth. One group of animals was treated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor
      ibuprofen and another group was untreated. Eight hr following the administration
      of smoke, there was an elevation of lung lymph flow in both groups. These changes
      were not as severe in the animals which were treated with ibuprofen. The
      pulmonary changes which occur following smoke inhalation injury are associated
      with elevations of the metabolites of arachidonic acid, especially those
      generated by the cyclooxygenase pathway. These metabolites in some way contribute
      to the pathophysiological changes induced by the inhalation of smoke, since they
      are reduced by the administration of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

PMID- 3383357
TI  - Stimulation of muscarinic receptors raises free intracellular Ca2+ concentration
      in rat ventricular myocytes.
AB  - The effect of carbachol on free intracellular calcium concentration, ([Ca2+]i)
      and on intracellular hydrogen concentration (pHi) was determined from
      fluorescence signals obtained from rat ventricular myocytes. Application of
      carbachol (300 mumol/l) to quin2-loaded myocytes bathed in 2 mmol/l Ca2+
      containing solution caused [Ca2+]i to increase within 7-10 minutes from 182 +/- 9
      to 212 +/- 11 nmol/l (n = 4). Carbachol acted via stimulation of muscarinic
      receptors because atropine (1 mumol/l) either prevented or abolished the increase
      in [Ca2+]i. Carbachol also produced a positive inotropic effect in rat papillary
      muscles contracting isometrically at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and enhanced
      contracture in resting preparations in the presence of high extracellular Ca2+
      concentration ([Ca2+]o) (20 mmol/l). The effect of carbachol on [Ca2+]i was
      dependent on [Ca2+]o. In the presence of 10 mmol/l [Ca2+]o, the increase in
      [Ca2+]i was about two times that elicited by carbachol when bath [Ca2+]o was 2
      mmol/l. Reduction of [Ca2+]o to 50 mumol/l abolished the carbachol effect but did
      not prevent caffeine-induced Ca2+ release. The carbachol-induced rise in [Ca2+]i
      remained unchanged in the presence of either 10 mmol/l caffeine or 1 mumol/l
      ryanodine. In the absence of extracellular Na+ concentration [( Na+]o), carbachol
      no longer produced an increase in [Ca2+]i of cardiomyocytes and failed to enhance
      Na+-withdrawal contracture of the rat papillary muscle. In contrast to the effect
      on [Ca2+]i, carbachol did not produce any change in pHi as determined from
      fluorescence signals obtained from rat ventricular myocytes loaded with 2',7'
      bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383358
TI  - Differences in response of myosin isozyme transition of ordinary and specialized
      myocardium to overload.
AB  - To investigate the response of myosin isozyme transition in specialized
      myocardium to cardiac overload, we examined immunohistochemically the
      distribution of myosin isozymes in sinus node cells of overloaded canine atria,
      using the monoclonal antibodies CMA19 and HMC14, which are specific for atrial
      myosin heavy chain (alpha-HC) and ventricular myosin heavy chain (beta-HC),
      respectively. Overloading in canine right atria was induced by artificial
      tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis. Right atrial mean pressure
      rose to 15-20 mm Hg (n = 4) 2 months after surgery. In the working myocardium,
      cardiac overload caused redistribution of myosin isozymes, alpha-HC to beta-HC.
      Compared with the normal right atria, fewer myocytes were labeled with CMA19, but
      more were labeled with HMC14. However, the reactivity of sinus node cells with
      CMA19 and HMC14 was not changed between normal and overloaded right atria,
      indicating no redistribution of myosin heavy chain isozymes, alpha-HC to beta-HC.
      These results suggest that isozymes in myosin heavy chains in the specialized
      myocardium are protected from overload effects by their firm cytoskeletal
      framework or other mechanisms.

PMID- 3383359
TI  - Expression of ventricular-type myosin light chain messenger RNA in spontaneously
      hypertensive rat atria.
AB  - Using cloned DNA probes specific for two isoforms of cardiac myosin light chains
      (MLCs), nonphosphorylatable MLC1 and phosphorylatable, regulatory MLC2, we have
      observed that the MLC1 messenger RNA of ventricular type does not appear in
      detectable amounts in atrial cells of either normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat strain
      (WKY) or spontaneously hypertensive rat strain (SHR). The messenger RNA of
      regulatory isoform of ventricular MLC2, on the other hand, is found in threefold
      excess in atria of SHR relative to that of age-matched WKY. The increased level
      of MLC2 messenger RNA is present even in 6-week-old SHR atria where there is no
      established overloading of the heart. Thus, it appears that the increased
      expression of the regulatory MLC2 gene in SHR atrial cells is a predetermined
      event, which, most likely, participates in functional adaptation of the
      myocardium in response to pressure overload and subsequent hypertrophy.

PMID- 3383360
TI  - Time course of denervation of efferent sympathetic and vagal nerves after
      occlusion of the coronary artery in the canine heart.
AB  - To determine the time course of efferent sympathetic denervation after transmural
      myocardial infarction (TMI) and of efferent vagal denervation after transmural or
      nontransmural myocardial infarction (NTMI), we measured effective refractory
      periods (ERP) basal and apical to TMI or NTMI in secobarbital-anesthetized, open
      chest dogs. In eight dogs with latex-induced TMI, bilateral ansae subclaviae
      stimulation shortened ERP at all 45 apical and basal test sites before latex
      injection. After latex injection, ERP shortening was unchanged at all 15 basal
      sites but was eliminated (less than or equal to 2 msec shortening) at three
      apical sites in 5-20 minutes and at 14 of 30 apical sites 30-180 minutes after
      latex injection. At the remaining 13 apical sites, ERP shortening was not
      eliminated but attenuated significantly in 5-180 minutes. ERP shortening induced
      by infused norepinephrine (0.20-0.25 microgram/kg/min) did not differ between
      basal and apical test sites 3-4 hours after latex injection; that is, no
      supersensitivity occurred. Of six dogs with TMI produced by ligation of multiple
      coronary arteries without latex injection, ERP shortening induced by efferent
      sympathetic neural stimulation was eliminated at 10 apical sites in four dogs
      over a period of 3 hours. At 14 apical sites that did not show denervation in
      these six dogs, ERP shortening was unchanged. In seven dogs with latex-induced
      TMI, bilateral vagal stimulation lengthened ERP at all 40 apical and basal test
      sites before latex injection. Vagally induced ERP lengthening was unchanged at
      all 13 basal sites after latex injection. ERP lengthening was eliminated (less
      than or equal to 1 msec lengthening) at four of 27 apical sites in 5-20 minutes
      and at 13 apical sites 30-180 minutes after latex injection. At the remaining 10
      apical sites, ERP lengthening was not eliminated but decreased significantly 3
      hours after latex injection. Of nine dogs with ligation-induced NTMI, five dogs
      showed elimination of vagally induced ERP lengthening at eight apical sites in 3
      hours after ligation. ERP lengthening induced by vagal stimulation was unchanged
      at all 17 basal sites in nine dogs with NTMI. We conclude that TMI produced by
      latex injection and ligation of multiple coronary arteries produces heterogeneous
      loss of efferent sympathetic innervation in noninfarcted apical sites as early as
      5-20 minutes after coronary occlusion with more complete denervation occurring
      over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3383361
TI  - A computer study of the relation between chamber mechanical properties and mean
      pressure-mean flow of the left ventricle.
AB  - Computer simulation of left ventricular contraction was used to analyze the mean
      left ventricular pressure-mean flow relation with changes of parameter values:
      end-diastolic volume, contractile state, internal resistance, characteristic
      resistance, capacitance, end-diastolic stiffness, and heart rate and with changes
      of experimental conditions: filling kinetics (constant atrial pressure as opposed
      to constant end-diastolic volume) and coronary perfusion pressure (constant or
      varying with atrial pressure, i.e., self-perfused). The chamber mechanical
      properties used in the simulation were defined in terms of a modified purely
      elastic behavior model with a flow-dependent resistive component. Computed
      results showed that at constant end-diastolic volume and constant ventricular
      perfusion pressure the mean pressure-mean flow relation was linear, except for
      changes in internal resistance where a cubic fit of points was more appropriate.
      In these conditions, parameter variations in the accepted linear relation
      produced changes in the slope and mean pressure axis intercept. Imposition of
      changes in experimental conditions gave rise to nonlinear mean pressure-mean flow
      relations. The results indicate that with elastic-resistive chamber mechanical
      properties as a starting point, the experimental conditions would be responsible
      for the different shapes of the mean pressure-mean flow relation obtained in
      isolated heart experiments. However, a more complete description of chamber
      properties (such as the addition of a deactivation component) could also give
      rise to nonlinear pump function graphs.

PMID- 3383362
TI  - Effects of intracoronary verapamil administration in a sheep model of acute
      myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of intracoronary administration of verapamil
      hydrochloride in reducing myocardial injury during acute ischemia and
      reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by 30% and 45% reductions of circumflex
      arterial blood flow for successive 2-hour periods. A reperfusion period (1 hour
      and 45 minutes) followed ischemia upon deflation of a pneumatic occluder.
      Verapamil (30 micrograms/kg) was slowly injected into the circumflex artery as a
      bolus 15 minutes after each blood flow reduction step. To prevent verapamil
      induced decreases in heart rate, ventricular pacing was established at 170
      beats/min before a baseline period and maintained throughout the protocol.
      Creatine kinase activities (international units per milligram protein) measured
      in samples obtained from posterior papillary muscles were 15 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM)
      and 10 +/- 2 for animals receiving verapamil or its saline vehicle, respectively
      (p less than 0.05). Quantitative morphometry was performed on left ventricular
      myocardium after staining with p-nitro blue tetrazolium. Intracoronary
      administration of verapamil reduced the extent of left ventricular infarction, as
      disclosed by positive tetrazolium staining of the tissue, from 34 +/- 4% of the
      left ventricle in vehicle-treated animals to 21 +/- 4% of the left ventricle in
      verapamil-treated animals (p less than 0.05). We conclude that intracoronary
      administration of verapamil reduced the extent of myocardial infarction acutely,
      independent of increases in blood flow through the circumflex coronary artery or
      decreases in heart rate. Administration of verapamil was not associated with
      decreases in ventricular afterload, the pressure-rate index, cardiac output, or
      the maximum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle. Verapamil
      treatment of animals subjected to ischemia was not associated with sustained
      elevations of left atrial pressure to values above those measured in animals
      receiving the vehicle.

PMID- 3383363
TI  - Effect of adenosine on histamine release and atrioventricular conduction during
      guinea pig cardiac anaphylaxis.
AB  - Anaphylactic events occurring in cardiac tissue can result in severe metabolic
      imbalances. The present study addresses the question of whether adenosine,
      produced in response to this stress, influences either the antigen-antibody
      induced alterations in cardiac function or the release of histamine, which is
      known to be one of the important mediators of the anaphylactic reaction. Isolated
      hearts of passively sensitized guinea pigs were perfused at constant flow in a
      Langendorff preparation with physiological salt solution. Under control
      conditions, antigen challenge evoked a rapid transient release of histamine, an
      increase in coronary vascular resistance and beating rate, and an increase
      followed by a decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure. The antigen-induced
      transient increase in adenosine release from 0.26 +/- 0.07 to 4.66 +/- 0.48
      nmol/min/g was associated with a 75 +/- 9% increase in the PR interval in all
      hearts and atrioventricular blocks in six of 17 hearts. Antigen challenge was
      also conducted in the presence of theophylline, 8-(4-sulfophenyl) theophylline
      (SP-T), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine hydrochloride (EHNA), or
      exogenous adenosine. The major findings were that 1) the antigen-induced
      prolongation of the PR interval was attenuated by the adenosine receptor blockers
      theophylline (to 23 +/- 6%) and SP-T (to 15 +/- 4%); 2) the incidence of antigen
      induced atrioventricular blocks tended to be decreased by theophylline (to three
      of 10 hearts) and SP-T (to zero of seven hearts) and to be increased by the
      adenosine deaminase inhibitor, EHNA (to six of 10 hearts); 3) none of the
      interventions had major influences upon antigen-induced alterations in vascular
      resistance, atrial automaticity, or systolic pressure; and 4) EHNA and adenosine
      both significantly increased adenosine levels before anaphylaxis and also
      enhanced the total histamine release induced by antigen challenge from a control
      value of 2,321 +/- 244 ng/g to 3,424 +/- 307 ng/g and 4,298 +/- 616 ng/g,
      respectively. We conclude from our data that increases in levels of endogenous
      adenosine during cardiac anaphylaxis may contribute to the development of
      atrioventricular conduction delays and blocks and that increases in levels of
      adenosine before antigen challenge may increase the amount of histamine released
      during cardiac anaphylactic reactions.

PMID- 3383364
TI  - Nodal myosin distribution in the bovine heart during prenatal development: an
      immunohistochemical study.
AB  - A novel type of cardiac myosin heavy chain, immunologically related to the myosin
      isoforms expressed during skeletal muscle development, has recently been
      described in sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal fibers of the adult bovine
      heart (Gorza et al, J Cell Biol 1986; 102:1758-1766). The tissue-specific
      expression of this myosin type has been utilized in the present study to
      investigate the differentiation of nodal fibers during cardiac development. In 4
      6-week-old bovine embryos, reactivity for nodal myosin was observed in a cluster
      of cardiac fibers in the sinus venosus wall, corresponding to the sinoatrial node
      primordium and in a number of fibers localized in the left atrial wall,
      especially in proximity to vascular orifices, possibly corresponding to the
      postulated left-sided sinoatrial node. In contrast, reactivity for nodal myosin
      was not detected in the atrioventricular node until 12 weeks of gestation. Before
      this stage, fibers reactive for nodal myosin were also seen scattered in the left
      atrial wall and interatrial septum, raising the possibility that atrioventricular
      nodal fibers may derive from the left-sided sinoatrial node. Reactivity for nodal
      myosin was never seen in normal atrial and ventricular myocardium, nor in the
      ventricular conduction tissue, indicating that nodal myosin does not represent a
      primordial myosin form, but is rather a specific marker of a distinct muscle cell
      lineage.

PMID- 3383365
TI  - Passive properties of canine left ventricle: diastolic stiffness and restoring
      forces.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relations arise from a
      complex interplay of active decay of force (i.e., relaxation), passive elastic
      myocardial properties, and time-varying inflow across the mitral orifice. This
      study was designed to quantify the passive properties of the intact ventricle and
      the effects of elastic recoil by separating filling from relaxation with a method
      of LV volume clamping with a remote-controlled mitral valve. Eleven open-chest
      fentanyl-anesthetized dogs were instrumented with aortic and mitral flow probes,
      LV and left atrium micromanometers, and a remote-controlled mitral valve. We
      prevented complete (end-systolic volume clamping) or partial filling at different
      times in diastole. The ventricle thus relaxed completely at different volumes,
      and we generated P-V coordinates for the passive ventricle that included
      negative, as well as positive, values of pressure. We then estimated ventricular
      volumes from ventricular weight in eight dogs, using regression equations based
      on data in the literature, to determine the equilibrium volume (V0), that is,
      volume at zero transmural pressure, in the working ventricle. We abandoned the
      traditional exponential approach and characterized by the P-V relation with a
      logarithmic approach that included maximum LV volume (Vm), minimum volume (Vd),
      and stiffness parameters (Sp and Sn) for the positive (p) and negative (n)
      phases: Pp = -Sp In[(Vm - V)/(Vm - V0)] and Pn = Sn In[(V - Vd)/(V0 - Vd)]. With
      this formulation, the chamber compliance, dP/dV, is normalized by the LV
      operating volume, and Sp and Sn are size-independent chamber stiffness parameters
      with the units of stress. In eight ventricles with LV weight = 131 +/- 20 g, Vm =
      116 +/- 18 ml, V0 = 37 +/- 6 ml, and Vd = 13 +/- 2 ml, stiffness Sp = 14.6 mm Hg
      and Sn = 5.1 mm Hg were determined from the slopes of the log-linearized
      equations. Also, the duration of LV relaxation is increased by the process of
      ventricular filling (161 +/- 31 msec, filling versus 108 +/- 36 msec, nonfilling,
      measured from dP/dtmin, p less than 0.0001). We conclude that volume clamping is
      a useful method of studying restoring forces and that the logarithmic approach is
      conceptually and quantitatively useful in characterizing the passive properties
      of the intact ventricle.

PMID- 3383366
TI  - Effects of metabolic blockade on intracellular calcium concentration in isolated
      ferret ventricular muscle.
AB  - Tension and intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) were measured in
      isolated ferret papillary muscles. When both anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative
      phosphorylation were prevented (metabolic blockade), there was a rapid decline of
      both developed tension and systolic [Ca2+]i signals. Subsequently, resting
      tension increased, and after a further delay, resting [Ca2+]i also rose. When
      oxidative metabolism was restarted after a period of metabolic blockade that was
      sufficient to elevate both resting tension and [Ca2+]i, a variable recovery of
      mechanical function occurred. In preparations that showed recovery, resting
      tension declined toward control level, and there was considerable recovery of
      developed tension. [Ca2+]i initially fell, but it then rose to a level similar to
      that at the end of the preceding period of metabolic blockade and exhibited large
      variations in amplitude with frequency components in the range 0.2-1 Hz. This
      elevated [Ca2+]i gradually declined. Arrhythmias were often present during this
      recovery period and appeared to be triggered by the spontaneous increases in
      [Ca2+]i. In preparations that failed to recover, resting tension remained
      elevated or increased, and developed tension showed little recovery. Such
      preparations showed larger rises in [Ca2+]i both during and after metabolic
      blockade, and [Ca2+]i continued to rise when oxidative metabolism was restarted.
      In experiments in which Na-Ca exchange was inhibited (by replacement of sodium by
      lithium or by the application of nickel), the rise of [Ca2+]i when oxidative
      metabolism was restarted was reduced, but recovery of mechanical function was
      improved. The correlation between elevated [Ca2+]i on reactivation of oxidative
      metabolism and failure of recovery of mechanical function suggests that elevated
      [Ca2+]i has a direct role in preventing the recovery of mechanical function.

PMID- 3383368
TI  - Sensitivity of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation to type of
      loading intervention in dogs.
AB  - The influence of different types of loading intervention on the resulting end
      systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) of the left ventricle in situ was
      investigated in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Left ventricular volume was
      measured by conductance catheter and pressure was measured by tip-micromanometer.
      Two loading interventions were applied: a pressure intervention (INp) by
      gradually occluding the descending aorta and a volume intervention (INv) by
      rapidly infusing 180 ml blood into the vena cava. The pressure-volume loops
      during an intervention always showed a linear ESPVR, the slope of which, Ees, was
      calculated. Possible method-related artifacts were assessed and could be
      excluded. Results from 16 dogs show that Ees(INp) was always larger (1.37 +/-
      0.45 kPa/ml) than Ees(INv) (0.73 +/- 0.32 kPa/ml) (p less than 0.001). This
      difference was enhanced by beta-blockade through metoprolol. The same phenomenon
      was found for the slope (SdPV) of the relation between dP/dtmax and end-diastolic
      volume: SdPV(INp) = 45.17 +/- 22.63 kPa/ml/sec and SdPV(INv) = 20.55 +/- 11.13
      kPa/ml/sec. In seven dogs, a right heart bypass was performed to study the
      influence of stroke volume on the ESPVR by applying a pressure intervention under
      three conditions: with constant end-diastolic volume (decreasing stroke volume),
      Ees = 2.27 +/- 0.79 kPa/ml; with constant stroke volume, Ees = 1.59 +/- 0.51
      kPa/ml; and with increasing stroke volume (and increasing end-diastolic volume),
      Ees = 1.36 +/- 0.49 kPa/ml. Analysis of variance revealed a statistically
      significant relation between Ees and stroke volume (p less than 0.01). From the
      right heart bypass experiments, we conclude that shortening-related deactivation
      plays a role in the observed behavior of the ESPVR. However, the results from the
      series with intact circulation indicate that aortic occlusion has an additional
      effect on the slope of the ESPVR, leading to increased myocardial inotropism,
      perhaps mediated through a peripheral stimulus in response to decreased
      perfusion.

PMID- 3383367
TI  - Angiographic validation of eigenvolume to measure left ventricular size.
AB  - Radiopaque markers implanted in the left ventricle allow one to follow the motion
      of specific elements of myocardium and compute a measure of relative left
      ventricular volume, called "eigenvolume." Workers in our laboratory partially
      validated this measure in excised dog hearts by comparing eigenvolumes with
      volumes of balloons in the left ventricle. Perhaps because the balloon did not
      fully fill the left ventricle, there was a significant nonzero intercept in the
      relation between eigenvolume and balloon volume. Therefore, the results only
      partially confirmed the eigenvolume theory because eigenvolume should be
      proportional to cavity volume. This study compares eigenvolume with left
      ventricular volume measured by biplane angiography in intact beating hearts
      following hemodynamic interventions (atropine, phenylephrine, nitroprusside,
      volume loading, and propranolol). We performed 32 angiograms in five dogs. A high
      correlation (r = 0.958 +/- 0.029 [SD]) was found between eigenvolumes and left
      ventricular volumes. In contrast to earlier in vitro validations and consistent
      with theory, the intercept of the relation between eigenvolume and left
      ventricular cavity volume (angiovolume) was not significantly different from
      zero. These data strengthen the hypothesis that eigenvolume accurately reflects
      true left ventricular volume in vivo. These same data were used to assess the
      immediate (i.e., within a few beats) effect of angiography. Left ventricular
      volume loading associated with the angiogram modestly (6%) increases left
      ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic eigenvolumes without changing stroke
      volume or pressures, consistent with a mild negative inotropic effect.

PMID- 3383369
TI  - Localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA in rat aorta.
AB  - The distribution of angiotensinogen messenger (mRNA) was determined in the rat
      aorta. Other investigators have demonstrated the presence of angiotensinogen mRNA
      in whole rat aorta; however, its precise location in the blood vessel wall has
      not been defined. When various layers of the vessel wall were separated by
      dissection or cell dispersion, angiotensinogen mRNA levels were greatest in the
      periaortic adipose tissue. Angiotensinogen mRNA was present in very small levels
      in the adventitia, with no detectable levels in the muscle layer. In addition to
      periaortic adipose tissue, angiotensinogen mRNA was also present in the
      interscapular brown fat pad of the rat. The high levels of angiotensinogen mRNA
      in periaortic brown adipose tissue suggests that angiotensin may be synthesized
      there and responses may exist in this tissue or adjacent sympathetic nerve
      terminals.

PMID- 3383370
TI  - Velocity of the creatine kinase reaction decreases in postischemic myocardium: a
      31P-NMR magnetization transfer study of the isolated ferret heart.
AB  - Recovery of postischemic function may be limited by energy synthesis by
      mitochondria, energy transfer via the creatine kinase reaction, or energy
      utilization at myofibrils. To identify the limiting step, we defined the
      relations among oxygen consumption, creatine kinase reaction velocity and cardiac
      performance in myocardium reperfused following mild, moderate, and severe
      ischemia. Isolated isovolumic ferret hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit
      buffer at 37 degrees C. After 30 minutes of control, hearts were made ischemic
      for 20, 40, or 60 minutes and reperfused for 40 minutes. During preischemia,
      cardiac performance (estimated as the rate-pressure product), was 14.8 x 10(3) mm
      Hg/min, oxygen consumption was 16.7 mumol/min/g dry weight, and creatine kinase
      reaction velocity measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer
      was 12.7 mM/sec. For hearts reperfused after 20, 40, or 60 minutes of ischemia,
      rate-pressure product was 11.5, 6.5, and 1.1 x 10(3) mm Hg/min; oxygen
      consumption was 13.5, 14.2, and 6.9 mumol/min/g dry weight; and creatine kinase
      reaction velocity was 9.6, 5.0, and 2.0 mM/sec, respectively. Thus, with
      increasing severity of insult, creatine kinase reaction velocity decreased
      monotonically with performance (r = 0.99). Changes in creatine kinase reaction
      velocity were predicted from the creatine kinase rate equation (r = 0.99;
      predicted vs. measured velocity) and can therefore be explained by changes in
      substrate concentration. Oxygen consumption did not correlate with performance or
      creatine kinase velocity, consistent with abnormalities in mitochondrial energy
      production. In all cases, creatine kinase reaction velocity was an order of
      magnitude faster than the maximal rate of ATP synthesis estimated by oxygen
      consumption. We conclude that, in postischemic myocardium, creatine kinase
      reaction velocity decreases in proportion to performance, but high-energy
      phosphate transfer does not limit availability of high-energy phosphate for
      contraction.

PMID- 3383371
TI  - Role of adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors in modulating left ventricular
      diastolic function.
AB  - Although both dopamine and dobutamine are potent positive inotropic agents,
      multiple studies indicate that dopamine may produce a rise in left ventricular
      (LV) filling pressure, while dobutamine often has the opposite effect. To
      ascertain the pharmacological and hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the
      elevation in LV filling pressure observed with dopamine, we administered
      incremental infusions (2, 4, and 6 micrograms/kg/min) of dopamine to 18 open
      chest, anesthetized dogs in the presence and absence of rauwolscine (selective
      alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) (n = 7), terazosin (selective alpha 1
      antagonist) (n = 6), and domperidone (selective dopamine2 antagonist) (n = 5),
      while measuring pressures in the LV and left atrium and changes in dimension in
      the LV short-axis (with ultrasonic piezo crystals). Dobutamine (2, 4, and 6
      micrograms/kg/min) was infused in five additional dogs before and after
      administration of rauwolscine. The time constant of isovolumic pressure decay,
      peak lengthening rate (mm/sec), LV end-diastolic pressure, and diastolic pressure
      dimension relation were computed. A significant elevation in LV end-diastolic
      pressure and a parallel increase in LV end-diastolic chamber size was observed
      with dopamine, while a decline in LV end-diastolic pressure occurred with
      dobutamine. Yet both dopamine and dobutamine caused a dose-related acceleration
      of pressure decay and augmentation of peak lengthening rate. Furthermore, heart
      rate declined during the administration of dopamine but rose with dobutamine. In
      the presence of either rauwolscine or terazosin, dopamine infusion resulted in a
      positive chronotropic effect and dose-dependent reductions in LV end-diastolic
      pressure and end-diastolic chamber dimension; arterial pressure fell only after
      terazosin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383372
TI  - Transmural activations and stimulus potentials in three-dimensional anisotropic
      canine myocardium.
AB  - Epicardial and endocardial pacing are widely used, yet little is known about the
      three-dimensional distribution of potentials generated by the pacing stimulus or
      the spread of activation from these pacing sites. In six open-chest dogs,
      simultaneous recordings were made from 120 transmural electrodes in 40 plunge
      electrodes within a 35 X 20 X 5-mm portion of the right ventricular outflow tract
      during epicardial and endocardial pacing at a strength of twice diastolic
      threshold and at 1 mA. The magnitude of extracellular potentials generated by the
      stimulus and the activation times were compared in regions proximal (less than 10
      12 mm) and distal to the pacing site. Local fiber orientation was histologically
      determined at each recording electrode. For endocardial pacing, endocardial
      potentials were larger than epicardial potentials only in the proximal region (p
      less than 0.001); while in the distal region, epicardial potentials were larger
      (p less than 0.001), and endocardial activation occurred earlier than epicardial
      activation for both regions (p less than 0.001). For epicardial pacing,
      epicardial potentials were larger than endocardial potentials in both regions (p
      less than 0.001), and epicardial activation occurred earlier only in the proximal
      region (p less than 0.02), while endocardial activation occurred before
      epicardial activation in the distal region (p less than 0.01). In planes of
      recording electrodes parallel to the epicardium and endocardium, the initial
      isochrones were elliptical with the major axes of the ellipses along the mean
      fiber orientation between the pacing site and recording plane rather than along
      the local fiber orientation in the recording plane. Thus, the ellipses in each
      plane rotated with respect to each other so that in three dimensions the
      activation front was helicoid, yet the twist of the helix was less than that of
      the corresponding transmural rotation of fibers. For pacing from the right
      ventricular outflow tract, we conclude that beyond 10-12 mm from endocardial and
      epicardial pacing sites epicardial stimulus potentials in both cases are larger
      than endocardial potentials because of resistivity differences inside and outside
      the heart wall and activation in both cases is primarily endocardial to
      epicardial because of rapid endocardial conduction, and we conclude that the
      initial spread of activation is helicoid and determined by transmural fiber
      direction.

PMID- 3383373
TI  - Extracellular field required for excitation in three-dimensional anisotropic
      canine myocardium.
AB  - It is not known how well potential gradient, current density, and energy
      correlate with excitation by extracellular stimulation in the in situ heart.
      Additionally, the influence of fiber orientation and stimulus polarity on the
      extracellular thresholds for stimulation expressed in terms of these factors has
      not been assessed. To answer these questions for myocardium in electrical
      diastole, extracellular excitation thresholds were determined from measurements
      of stimulus potentials and activation patterns recorded from 120 transmural
      electrodes in a 35 X 20 X 5-mm region of the right ventricular outflow tract in
      six open-chest dogs. Extracellular potential gradients, current densities,
      energies, and their components longitudinal and transverse to the local fiber
      orientation at each recording site were calculated from the stimulus potentials
      produced by 3-msec constant-current stimuli. The resulting values in regions
      directly excited by the stimulus field were compared with the values in regions
      not directly excited but activated by the spread of wavefronts conducting away
      from the directly excited region. Magnitudes of 3.66 mA/cm2 for current density,
      9.7 microJ/cm3 for energy, and 804 mV/cm for potential gradient yielded minimum
      misclassifications of 8%, 13%, and 17%, respectively, of sites directly and not
      directly excited. A linear bivariate combination of the longitudinal (l) and
      transverse (t) components of the potential gradient yielded 7% misclassification
      (threshold ratio t/l of 2.88), and linear combination of corresponding current
      density components yielded 8% misclassification (threshold ratio t/l of 1.04).
      Anodal and cathodal thresholds were not significantly different (p = 0.39).
      Potential gradient, current density, and energy strength-duration curves were
      constructed for pulse durations (D) of 0.2-20 msec. The best fit hyperbolic curve
      for current density magnitude (Jm) was Jm = 3.97/D + 3.15, where Jm is in mA/cm2,
      and D is in msec. Thus, for stimulation during electrical diastole 1) both
      current density magnitude and longitudinal and transverse components of the
      potential gradient are closely correlated with excitation, 2) the extracellular
      potential gradient along cardiac cells has a lower threshold than across cells,
      while current density thresholds along and across cells are similar, 3) anodal
      and cathodal thresholds are approximately equal for stimuli greater than or equal
      to 5 mA, and 4) the extracellular potential gradient, current density, and energy
      excitation thresholds can be expressed by strength-duration equations.

PMID- 3383374
TI  - Quin2 microfluorometry and effects of verapamil and diltiazem on calcium release
      from rat aorta smooth muscle cells in primary culture.
AB  - We investigated the effects of the Ca2+ antagonists diltiazem and verapamil on
      release of Ca2+ from intracellular store sites of rat aorta vascular smooth
      muscle cells in primary culture. Using the microfluorometry of Ca2+-indicator dye
      quin2, relative changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration could be measured. In the
      presence of 1 mM extracellular Ca2+, both diltiazem (IC50, 0.31 microM) and
      verapamil (IC50, 0.47 microM) dose-dependently inhibited elevations in the
      cytosolic Ca2+, as induced by depolarization of the plasma membrane with high
      extracellular K+. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, caffeine and high
      extracellular K+ induced transient and dose-dependent elevations of the cytosolic
      Ca2+, and these elevations were not inhibited by either diltiazem or verapamil.
      Norepinephrine also induced a transient and dose-dependent elevation of cytosolic
      Ca2+ in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, this elevation was inhibited
      by verapamil and diltiazem (when the norepinephrine concentration was 10(-5) M,
      IC50 for verapamil and diltiazem was 4.0 and 24.9 microM, respectively). Thus,
      while verapamil and diltiazem may have no direct effect on the release of Ca2+
      from the depolarization- and the caffeine-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ storage
      sites, the agents do seem to inhibit the adrenoceptor-mediated Ca2+ release
      mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells.

PMID- 3383375
TI  - Influences of anisotropic tissue structure on reentrant circuits in the
      epicardial border zone of subacute canine infarcts.
AB  - Excitation in the epicardial border zone of 3-5-day-old canine infarcts was
      mapped with an array of 192 bipolar electrodes during sustained ventricular
      tachycardia. Reentrant circuits were found in which activation occurred around
      long lines of apparent conduction block based on the criterion that excitation on
      opposite sides of the lines occurred with marked disparity in time. When the
      lines of apparent block were functional (i.e., occurred only during tachycardia
      and not during sinus rhythm or ventricular pacing) they were oriented parallel to
      the long axis of epicardial muscle fiber bundles. Isochrones distal to the lines
      were oriented parallel to them because widely separate sites within these
      isochrones were activated nearly simultaneously. This suggested that excitation
      not only occurred around the lines of block but also slowly across them. This
      slow activation occurred transverse to the long axis of the myocardial fibers and
      therefore might result because of the anisotropic tissue properties. To test this
      hypothesis, the epicardial border zone was stimulated during sinus rhythm through
      electrodes around its margin and at the center of the recording array. Activation
      transverse to the myocardial fibers in regions where lines of block occurred
      during tachycardia was slow, whereas it was rapid parallel to fibers'
      orientation. During tachycardia electrograms along the lines of apparent block
      had long durations and were fractionated, a characteristic that can also result
      from activation transverse to the myocardial fiber long axis. Therefore, we
      propose that the parallel orientation of the muscle bundles in the epicardial
      border zone is an important cause of ventricular tachycardia because activation
      transverse to myocardial fibers is sufficiently slow to permit the occurrence of
      reentry.

PMID- 3383376
TI  - Neuronal sodium homoeostatis and axoplasmic amine concentration determine calcium
      independent noradrenaline release in normoxic and ischemic rat heart.
AB  - Calcium-independent noradrenaline release was studied in the isolated perfused
      rat heart under conditions of normoxia, cyanide intoxication, and ischemia. The
      release of endogenous noradrenaline and dihydroxyphenylglycol were determined by
      high-performance liquid chromatography. The release of dihydroxyphenylglycol, the
      main neuronal noradrenaline metabolite, was used as an indicator of the free
      axoplasmic amine concentration. When storage function of neuronal vesicles was
      disturbed by Ro 4-1284 or trimethyltin, high dihydroxyphenylglycol release was
      observed without concomitant overflow of noradrenaline. If, however, these agents
      were combined with inhibition of Na+K+-ATPase or with veratridine-induced entry
      of sodium into the neuron, both dihydroxyphenylglycol and noradrenaline were
      released. Noradrenaline release was independent of extracellular calcium and was
      suppressed by blockade of neuronal catecholamine uptake (uptake1), indicating
      nonexocytotic noradrenaline liberation from the sympathetic nerve ending. This
      release critically depended on two conditions: 1) increased cytoplasmic
      concentrations of noradrenaline within the sympathetic neuron and 2)
      intraneuronal sodium accumulation. Both conditions together were required to
      induce noradrenaline efflux across the plasma membrane using the uptake1 carrier
      in reverse of its normal transport direction. A disturbed energy status of the
      sympathetic neuron, induced by cyanide intoxication or ischemia, likewise caused
      calcium-independent noradrenaline release by interfering with both vesicular
      storage function and neuronal sodium homoeostatis. Again, release was sensitive
      to uptake1 blockade. Since neuronal sodium accumulation was the rate-limiting
      step, release was further accelerated when residual Na+,K+-ATPase activity was
      inhibited. Na+-H+ exchange was identified as the predominant pathway of sodium
      entry into the sympathetic nerve ending in ischemia, and its inhibition by
      amiloride and ethylisopropylamiloride markedly suppressed ischemia-induced
      noradrenaline release.

PMID- 3383377
TI  - Effects of chronic inhibition of converting enzyme on mechanical and structural
      properties of arteries in rat renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The effect of hypertension and of therapy by converting enzyme inhibitor (S 9490
      3, perindopril) on the function and structure of large arteries has been studied
      in two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. After one month without
      treatment, clipped hypertensive rats (n = 24) and sham-operated rats (n = 24)
      were randomly allocated to treatment by S 9490, 1 mg/kg once a day (n = 24) or to
      placebo (n = 24) and pursued for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic parameters, including
      instantaneous pressure and aortic velocity measured by Doppler, were recorded
      under anesthesia at the end of the treatment period. Passive mechanical
      properties of carotid arteries were recorded in situ in the presence or the
      absence of smooth muscle cell activity (potassium cyanide poisoning).
      Morphological parameters of the aortic media, including medial thickness, nucleus
      density, and cross sectional area and relative density in proteins of
      interstitial matrix, were recorded by an automated morphometrical system.
      Hypertension was associated with an increase in characteristic impedance of the
      aorta and a decrease in compliance of the arterial system. Treatment with
      converting enzyme inhibitors completely reversed these in vivo markers of the
      rigidity of large arteries. Hypertension was associated with a shift of the
      passive pressure-volume relation in the carotid. Treatment with converting enzyme
      inhibitors normalized the carotid pressure-volume relation, whereas poisoning
      smooth muscle cells induced a disappearance of the curve differences between
      hypertensive and normotensive animals. Morphometric analysis of aortic walls
      permits us to report this functional change to structural modification of the
      arterial wall. Aortic media thickness was increased by hypertension; this
      phenomenon was reversed by treatment. Modification of aortic thickness was due to
      hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells with parallel modifications of absolute amount
      of collagen, whereas absolute amount of elastin did not change in this early
      phase of renovascular hypertension in young rats. Treatment with converting
      enzyme inhibitors reversed the thickness of aortic media without regression of
      the increase in absolute amount of collagen content whereas absolute amount of
      elastin content did not change.

PMID- 3383378
TI  - Formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the heart. I: An index of free
      intracellular adenosine.
AB  - To assess the concentration of free intracellular adenosine in the heart the
      kinetic properties of cytosolic S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase were
      utilized at elevated levels of L-homocysteine (adenosine + L-homocysteine in
      equilibrium with SAH + H2O). Global hypoxia was induced in the isolated perfused
      guinea pig heart by graded reduction of perfusion medium PO2 in the presence of
      saturating concentrations of homocysteine (0.2-1.0 mM). Reduction of PO2 from 660
      to 165 mm Hg increased the steady-state concentration of total tissue adenosine
      from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to 2.8 +/- 0.2 nmoles/g, while the rate of SAH formation
      increased linearly from 0.22 +/- 0.03 to 2.50 +/- 0.13 nmoles/min/g. When
      adenosine was exogenously applied at a concentration of 100 microM together with
      homocysteine (1 mM), SAH accumulation rates were much greater: 23.34 +/- 3.31 and
      42.11 +/- 1.73 nmoles/min/g with normoxic (95% O2) and hypoxic (30% O2)
      perfusion, respectively. The apparent Km and Vmax values for SAH-hydrolase in
      vivo were estimated to be 20 microM and 59 nmoles/min/g wet wt, respectively.
      Since the relation between SAH formation and adenosine in the physiological
      concentration range is linear, the measured rate of SAH accumulation during
      normoxia and hypoxia permitted the calculation of the free intracellular
      adenosine level, which was 0.061 nmoles/g (0.08 microM) in the normoxic heart.
      With hypoxia (PO2 165 mm Hg), this value increased to 1.57 nmoles/g (2.0 microM).
      Free intracellular adenosine closely correlated with the hypoxia-induced changes
      in coronary flow. The data reveal that measurement of the rate of SAH
      accumulation during homocysteine infusion can be used for sensitive assessment of
      free intracellular adenosine levels. Assuming that the intracellular adenosine
      concentration equals that in the interstitial space, the results furthermore
      indicate that the degree of intracellular adenosine formation during hypoxic
      perfusion is quantitatively sufficient to account for most of the observed
      increases in coronary flow.

PMID- 3383379
TI  - Formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the heart. II: A sensitive index for
      regional myocardial underperfusion.
AB  - Rate of accumulation of myocardial S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) was used in an
      open-chest dog preparation as an index of free cytosolic adenosine levels.
      Following 30 minutes of coronary artery ligation and infusion of L-homocysteine
      thiolactone (10 mumol/kg/min i.v.) SAH levels increased from 1.3 (control) to 3.3
      nmoles/g in the nonischemic and to values over 100 nmoles/g in the ischemic
      region. Compared with regional myocardial blood flow the enhanced rate of SAH
      accumulation was strictly confined to the ischemic area. As long as blood flow
      was 0.6-1.2 ml/min/g, SAH levels remained unchanged. However, they steeply
      increased when regional myocardial blood flow decreased below 60% of control.
      Tissue levels of adenine nucleotides, adenosine, and lactate were not
      significantly affected in the flow range of 0.4-0.6 ml/min/g but rate of SAH
      accumulation was enhanced by 400%. In the nonischemic myocardium, SAH
      accumulation was 60% higher in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium.
      Decreasing coronary perfusion pressure from 110 to 60, 45, and 35 mm Hg was
      associated with an exponential increase in coronary venous adenosine release only
      when perfusion pressure was below 60 mm Hg. Transmural mapping of SAH revealed
      that at 110 mm Hg SAH was homogeneously distributed, while at a perfusion
      pressure of 60 mm Hg SAH accumulation was enhanced only in the subendocardial
      layers. Decreasing perfusion pressure further to 40 and 30 mm Hg not only
      enhanced subendocardial SAH levels to 120 and 170 nmoles/g, respectively, but
      also considerably steepened the transmural gradient of SAH. SAH-hydrolase
      exhibited a broad pH-optimum and its activity in different parts of ventricular
      myocardium was identical. Our findings provide evidence that 1) measurement of
      SAH accumulation is a sensitive metabolic index for the assessment of regional
      myocardial ischemia, 2) significant formation of SAH occurs only when regional
      myocardial blood flow is less than 0.6 ml/min/g, and 3) transmural SAH gradient,
      a measure of free cytosolic adenosine, and coronary venous adenosine release
      significantly increase only when the autoregulatory reserve is exhausted.

PMID- 3383380
TI  - Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in rabbit heart: reduced triiodothyronine
      binding in atrium compared with ventricle.
AB  - Radiolabeled triiodothyronine (T3) binding to isolated nuclei was measured to
      compare the binding characteristics of the nuclear receptors in rabbit
      ventricular and atrial muscle cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data
      yielded a maximum binding capacity of 170 +/- 20 fmol per mg DNA and apparent
      dissociation constant of 525 +/- 100 pM for ventricular nuclei. The binding
      capacity and the dissociation constant for the atrial muscle cell nuclei were 55
      +/- 10 fmol per mg DNA and 500 +/- 75 pM, respectively. The results suggest that
      the binding capacity for T3 receptor in the atrium is considerably lower than
      that found in the ventricle. The reduced binding capacity of the T3 receptor in
      the atrium might reflect differences in the nuclear T3 receptors between
      ventricle and atrium.

PMID- 3383381
TI  - Effect of prazosin on microvascular perfusion during middle cerebral artery
      ligation in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prazosin, an alpha 1
      adrenoceptor antagonist, on morphometric indexes of the total and perfused
      cerebral microvascular bed 1 hour after middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation in
      pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. We hypothesized that this agent would prevent
      catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction in the ischemic brain. Cerebral blood flow
      (CBF) was determined with 14C-iodoantipyrine, and the perfused microvascular bed
      was visualized using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. MCA occlusion did not
      alter systemic hemodynamic or blood gas parameters. CBF averaged 29 +/- 15 (mean
      +/- SD) ml/min/100 g in the MCA-ligated cortex and 49 +/- 18 in the other
      examined brain regions. Prazosin did not significantly alter these CBF values,
      averaging 26 +/- 14 and 48 +/- 10, respectively. There were no significant
      regional differences in total capillaries/mm2 in either group. The percent of the
      capillaries/mm2 perfused (51 +/- 6%) was similar in the two groups in all
      examined regions except the ischemic cortex. In the MCA-ligated cortex, 22 +/- 8%
      of the capillary volume was perfused in comparison with 49 +/- 8% in the prazosin
      treated group. Prazosin-treated rats had an increased percentage of their
      microvasculature perfused despite a similarly reduced CBF. Prazosin appeared to
      reduce diffusion distances in the ischemic cortex. This might be due to its alpha
      1-adrenoceptor blocking activity.

PMID- 3383382
TI  - Modulation of carotid sinus afferent input to nucleus tractus solitarius by
      parabrachial nucleus stimulation.
AB  - There is increasing evidence that the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) may be
      integrally involved in cardiovascular reflex regulation. In cats in which
      anesthesia was induced with pentobarbital and maintained with alpha-chloralose,
      we studied the effects of PBN stimulation on cardiovascular afferent inputs to
      nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the site of first central termination for
      cardiovascular afferent fibers. Electrical stimulation of PBN resulted in an
      initial excitation followed by prolonged inhibition of the spontaneous activity
      of NTS neurons activated by ipsilateral carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation. In
      53 units recorded extracellularly in and around NTS, the number of action
      potential responses to ipsilateral CSN stimulation was reduced 73 +/- 3% by a
      prior conditioning stimulus to PBN at an interval of 30-60 msec. CSN input to 10
      units excited by selective baroreceptor stimulation was inhibited by the PBN
      conditioning stimulus, as were convergent inputs from contralateral CSN, vagus,
      and renal nerves. The inhibitory influence of the PBN stimulus lasted as long as
      450 msec. We examined the mechanism for these phenomena in additional
      intracellular recording experiments. In 57 units, PBN stimulation evoked a long
      lasting (65-359 msec) membrane potential hyperpolarization. In 42 cells, the PBN
      evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) was preceded by an excitatory
      postsynaptic potential (EPSP). CSN and convergent inputs were inhibited when
      timed to occur during the PBN induced IPSP. Conversely, CSN and convergent
      afferent nerves inhibited PBN input to NTS neurons with no associated change in
      membrane potential (n = 9 of 14). These data demonstrate for the first time a
      potent modulatory influence of PBN on NTS neurons processing cardiovascular
      afferent input.

PMID- 3383383
TI  - Cardiac cooling increases Emax without affecting relation between O2 consumption
      and systolic pressure-volume area in dog left ventricle.
AB  - We studied the effects of cardiac cooling by 7 +/- 2 degrees C (SD) from 36
      degrees C on both contractility index (Emax) and the relation between O2
      consumption per beat (VO2) and systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) of the left
      ventricle in the excised cross-circulated dog heart preparation. PVA represents
      the total mechanical energy generated by a contraction. The VO2-PVA relation
      divides measured VO2 into unloaded VO2 and excess VO2. The slope of the VO2-PVA
      relation represents inversely the efficiency of the contractile machinery to
      convert chemical energy from the excess VO2 to total mechanical energy. Cooling
      is known to decrease myosin ATPase activity (Q10 of 2-3), which in turn is
      expected to increase the chemomechanical efficiency of cross bridges. Therefore,
      we expected an increase in the efficiency and hence a decreased slope of the VO2
      PVA relation with cooling. The cooling increased Emax by 46 +/- 13% and the time
      to Emax by 45 +/- 27%. Pacing rate was constant or had to be slightly decreased
      to avoid arrhythmias with cooling. We found that neither the slope of the VO2-PVA
      relation nor unloaded VO2 significantly (p greater than 0.05) changed with the
      cooling. This result contradicts the expected increase in the efficiency with
      cooling. We conclude that cardiac cooling by 7 degrees C from 36 degrees C does
      not increase the efficiency of the contractile machinery in excised cross
      circulated dog left ventricle.

PMID- 3383384
TI  - Action potential transfer in cell pairs isolated from adult rat and guinea pig
      ventricles.
AB  - An enzymatic procedure was used to obtain ventricular cells from adult rat and
      guinea pig hearts. Isolated pairs of cells were selected to study the action
      potential transfer from cell to cell and determine the resistance of the nexal
      membrane, rn. For this purpose, each cell of a cell pair was connected to a patch
      pipette so as to enable whole-cell, tight-seal recording. Normal impulse
      transmission was observed when rn ranged from 5-265 M omega. In these cases, the
      action potential in both cells occurred virtually simultaneously. An occasional
      failure in action potential transfer was seen in cell pairs whose rn had
      increased to 155-375 M omega. In these cases, the impulse transfer across the
      nexal membrane occurred with considerable delay. Impulse transfer was completely
      blocked once rn was larger than 780 M omega. Assuming a single connexon
      conductance of 100 pS, this would mean that more than 13 connexons are necessary
      to allow impulse transfer from cell to cell. Two single myocytes, gently pushed
      together, neither showed electrotonic interaction nor impulse transfer, thus
      rendering unlikely the possibility of an ephaptic signal transmission.

PMID- 3383385
TI  - Failure of glycogen depletion to improve left ventricular function of the rabbit
      heart after hypothermic ischemic arrest.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that depletion of glycogen prior to myocardial ischemia
      diminishes lactate buildup and improves functional recovery on reperfusion in the
      isolated rabbit heart. Cardiac glycogen was reduced either by substituting N2 for
      O2 in the perfusate or by perfusion with substrate-free solution, before the
      onset of ischemia. Hearts were subjected to either 30 minutes of normothermic (37
      degrees C) or 60 minutes of hypothermic (4 degrees C) ischemia followed by 30
      minutes of reperfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Function was
      assessed by measuring peak left ventricular pressure at end-diastolic pressures
      ranging from 0 to 20 mm Hg. N2 perfusion for 15 minutes lowered myocardial
      glycogen by 60% and decreased ATP and phosphocreatine (p less than 0.001).
      Glycogen depletion did not decrease lactate accumulation during ischemia, but it
      impaired recovery with reperfusion (-46%, p less than 0.05). N2 perfusion for 5
      minutes also reduced glycogen by 60%, but energy-rich phosphates were not reduced
      and functional recovery was still impaired (-40%, p less than 0.05). Perfusion
      with substrate-free medium diminished glycogen by 33% (p less than 0.05).
      Although lactate accumulation was significantly reduced (-45%, p less than 0.05),
      recovery following reperfusion was not improved. The results suggest that
      preservation of glycogen stores, but not the prevention of lactate buildup during
      ischemia, is beneficial for the recovery of function with reperfusion.

PMID- 3383386
TI  - Atrioventricular nodal accommodation in isolated guinea pig hearts: physiological
      significance and role of adenosine.
AB  - The progressive prolongation of atrioventricular node (AVN) conduction time to a
      new steady-state value caused by sudden and maintained increases in atrial rate
      is the most common form of AV nodal accommodation. This study was undertaken to
      1) characterize AV nodal accommodation in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, 2)
      investigate the influence of potential modulators of this phenomenon such as
      acetylcholine and adenosine, and 3) determine the physiological significance of
      AV nodal accommodation on cardiac function. Beat-by-beat changes in AVN
      conduction time caused by single- or multiple-step increases in atrial pacing
      rate were measured during control conditions and in the presence of atropine (1
      microM), propranolol (1 microM), and the adenosine antagonist BW-A1433 (1
      microM). BW-A1433 was the only intervention that significantly reduced the
      cumulative and frequency-dependent prolongation of AVN conduction time but this
      was only observed at atrial cycle lengths less than or equal to 170 msec. In
      addition, BW-A1433 shortened the Wenckebach cycle length from 163 +/- 2 to 153 +/
      2 during normoxia and from 172 +/- 3 to 164 +/- 4 during mild hypoxia. In
      contrast, dipyridamole (1 microM), an adenosine uptake blocker, markedly
      accentuated the AVN conduction time prolongation, accentuated the AV block
      associated with fast atrial rates, and significantly increased the Wenckebach
      cycle length. These effects of dipyridamole were prevented and antagonized by BW
      A1433 and adenosine deaminase. When O2 supply was limited and at the same time
      demand increased secondary to fast atrial pacing, the rate of adenosine release
      increased from a control of 125 +/- 27 to 580 +/- 54 pmol/min/g. This was
      accompanied by a significant prolongation in AVN conduction time that invariably
      progressed to AV block. Once AV block occurred, O2 consumption decreased, O2
      supply-to-demand ratio improved and the rate of adenosine release dropped to 310
      +/- 61 pmol/min/g. Reversal of the AV block with adenosine antagonists resulted
      in a decrease in O2 supply-to-demand ratio and a severalfold increase in the rate
      of adenosine release. In this feedback system, adenosine signals the imbalance
      between O2 supply and demand, causes AV block and, thus, reduces demand to
      compensate for the limited O2 supply. On the other hand, adenosine deaminase and
      antagonists act as "error signals" by attenuating the effect of adenosine,
      whereas dipyridamole enhances the "gain" of the system by potentiating the
      effects of adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3383387
TI  - [Light microscopic observations on the proliferation and growth of two human
      Echinococcus types].

PMID- 3383388
TI  - [A preliminary survey on the action mechanism of carboxylesterase in the dipterex
      resistance of Periplaneta americana (L.)].

PMID- 3383389
TI  - [Observation on the cidal effect of WS-I type insecticide coatings on mosquitoes,
      flies and cockroaches].

PMID- 3383390
TI  - [Toxicity and tissue schizontocidal activity of primaquine combined with
      pyronaridine in laboratory animals].

PMID- 3383391
TI  - [Evaluation of Cysticercus cellulosae antigens in the immunodiagnosis of human
      cysticercosis by ELISA].

PMID- 3383392
TI  - [Experimental observation on the effectiveness of pirimiphos methyl against
      Anopheles sinensis].

PMID- 3383393
TI  - [Histopathological histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the
      adult worm of Paragonimus westermani after pyquiton administration].

PMID- 3383394
TI  - [Ultrastructural study on the egg-shell of Enterobius vermicularis].

PMID- 3383395
TI  - Lifetime risk for patients with mitral valve prolapse of developing severe valve
      regurgitation requiring surgery.
AB  - Severe mitral regurgitation requiring surgery is the most common life-threatening
      complication of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and is due to progressive myxomatous
      change in the valve. We identified all residents of New South Wales, Australia,
      who had mitral valve surgery for myxomatous valve disease during 1982 and, using
      these data and the adult population statistics from 1982, estimated the
      cumulative risk of valve surgery in patients with MVP. In 1982, 50 of the 5.36
      million New South Wales residents required surgery for this complication of MVP.
      Of the 50, 36 were men and 14 were women, which was significantly different from
      the population sex distribution (p less than 0.02) for mean age +/- SD of 60 +/-
      11 years (range, 26-78 years). Using our previously determined 4% prevalence of
      adult MVP in New South Wales, we estimated the number of male and female patients
      with MVP at risk for each 5-year age interval and calculated age-specific event
      rates. The results show that the cumulative risk is minimal below the age of 50
      years but then rises steeply, particularly in men. The risks in men aged 50, 60,
      and 70 years (with 95% confidence intervals) were 1:202 (130-448), 1:53 (37-82),
      and 1:28 (22-41), respectively. In women, the risk was less than half that in men
      (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383396
TI  - Value of digital image processing of two-dimensional echocardiograms in
      differentiating active from chronic vegetations of infective endocarditis.
AB  - The ability of a computer-based image digitizing system to differentiate "active"
      from "chronic" valvular vegetations was evaluated. Twenty-two patients with newly
      diagnosed infective endocarditis were studied prospectively by serial two
      dimensional echocardiograms. Two comparable images (active and chronic) from the
      same patient taken several weeks apart (range, 4-17 weeks) after initiation of
      therapy were obtained at end diastole with identical gain settings. The images
      were digitized, magnified, and displayed on a high-resolution color monitor. The
      mean pixel intensity of the valvular vegetation in the active stage was 20.6 +/-
      3.6 (mean +/- SD), which increased to 34.4 +/- 4.3 in the chronic stage (p less
      than 0.01). Because there was some overlap of values, an additional
      standardization procedure was used in the last eight patients. In these eight
      patients, the mean pixel intensity of the vegetations in the active stage was
      17.5 +/- 1.1, and it increased at 4 weeks to 25.0 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.05) and
      further increased in the chronic stage to 33.6 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.05). There
      was no overlap of values between the active and chronic stages. Three clinical
      states are of particular interest: 1) The mean pixel intensity of the vegetations
      remained unchanged (23 vs. 24) in one patient who did not respond to antibiotic
      therapy. 2) The mean pixel intensity of the vegetations fell from 35 to 24 when
      one patient developed reinfection of the same valve, and with treatment, mean
      pixel intensity once again increased to 34. 3) The mean pixel intensity of the
      vegetations in five patients with culture negative infective endocarditis was low
      (21.6 +/- 1.9) and increased (33.6 +/- 6.0, p less than 0.05) during the chronic
      stage. The mean vegetation size was 0.73 +/- 0.30 cm2 in the active stage and
      decreased to 0.56 +/- 0.24 cm2 (p less than 0.05) in the chronic stage; however,
      in six of 22 patients (27%), vegetation size did not decrease with clinical
      cure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383397
TI  - Myocardial performance after arterial switch operation for transposition of the
      great arteries with intact ventricular septum.
AB  - Left ventricular dimensions, wall thickness, wall stress, and indexes of
      afterload, preload, contractility, and early diastolic function, as well as
      regional wall motion, were determined by echocardiographic methods in patients
      with transposition of the great vessels after arterial switch operation and in
      age-matched normal controls. In patients evaluated early after surgery, body
      surface area-adjusted left ventricular dimensions were smaller, and wall
      thickness was increased compared with controls. Ventricular performance
      (fractional shortening) was normal in most patients but was abnormally low in
      10%. Nevertheless, contractility was normal or augmented in all subjects, with a
      mean value higher than the control group. The reduction in systolic function was
      related to altered loading conditions with a combination of reduced afterload and
      preload combined with augmented contractility. These altered myocardial mechanics
      appeared to be secondary to routine therapy with digitalis and diuretics.
      Diastolic function was also normal with differences in the rate of peak filling
      and rate of wall thinning entirely attributable to differences in ventricular
      size and function, and normalized indexes of diastolic function were not
      different between patients and controls. Patients evaluated late after repair
      were found to have normal regional wall motion with no evidence to suggest
      regional dysfunction as might be seen with regional ischemia. Ventricular size,
      wall thickness, systolic function, afterload, preload, contractility, and early
      diastolic function were indistinguishable from control values. Indexes of
      diastolic function demonstrated the same relation to age, body surface area, and
      ventricular size and function in both patients and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED
      AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383398
TI  - Cine magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of anatomy and flow relations in
      infants and children with coarctation of the aorta.
AB  - Sixteen cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed in 14
      patients aged 1 week to 17 years (mean age, 46 months), who had coarctation of
      the aorta confirmed at angiography or surgery. Conventional echocardiographic
      gated MRI was first performed in axial and rotated sagittal views and was used to
      identify the slice locations for cine MRI. Cine MRI was performed by gradient
      recalled acquisition in steady state with a 30 degree flip angle, 12-msec echo
      time, 22-msec pulse repetition time, and a 128 x 256 acquisition matrix.
      Coarctation anatomy was extremely well defined in all but one patient who had
      vascular clips at the coarctation repair site. The smallest descending aortic
      flow diameter on cine MRI showed excellent agreement with angiography (r = 0.90).
      Lucent jets of high-velocity flow through the site of coarctation were imaged in
      eight patients, and jet length correlated well with the angiographic severity of
      coarctation (r = -0.81). Two patients were restudied after surgery, and they
      exhibited excellent repair and normal flow patterns. Cine MRI provides high
      resolution imaging of coarctation anatomy with a dynamic spatial and temporal
      visualization of flow and with excellent detail of vascular anatomy and flow both
      proximal and distal to the coarctation.

PMID- 3383399
TI  - Evaluation of coronary artery anatomy in patients with tetralogy of Fallot by two
      dimensional echocardiography.
AB  - A major coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract in patients
      with tetralogy of Fallot interferes with a transannular patch, and preoperative
      detection of this artery is important. We evaluated the ability of two
      dimensional echocardiography to define noninvasively the coronary artery anatomy
      in 37 consecutive patients (age range, 1 day to 18 years; mean age, 40.9 months).
      The origin and distribution of the right anterior descending and circumflex
      coronary arteries, as well as any anteriorly coursing vessel, were examined from
      parasternal views. Complete studies were obtained in 29 (78%) of the 37 patients.
      Coronary artery anatomy was determined to be normal by echocardiography in 20
      (69%) of the 29 patients. An anterior vessel across the right ventricular outflow
      tract was detected in the remaining nine patients. Six patients had an anterior
      descending artery from the left main coronary artery (paired anterior descending
      arteries in three patients, a right anterior descending artery from the left main
      coronary artery in two patients, and a right coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula
      in one patient). Three patients had no anterior descending artery from the left
      main coronary artery (anterior descending artery from the right main coronary
      artery in two patients, and anterior descending and circumflex arteries from the
      right main coronary artery in one patient). Angiography, surgery, or autopsy
      confirmed the diagnoses in all but the final patient in whom the anterior
      descending artery arose from the right main coronary artery as observed at
      surgery, but the circumflex artery was not seen. Accurate evaluation of coronary
      artery anatomy is possible by echocardiography in the majority of patients with
      tetralogy of Fallot. Noninvasive identification of a major coronary artery
      coursing anteriorly can influence the timing of cardiac catheterization and
      surgery and the need for angiography.

PMID- 3383400
TI  - Abnormal blood pathways in left ventricular cavity in acute myocardial
      infarction. Experimental observations with special reference to regional wall
      motion abnormality and hemostasis.
AB  - To elucidate the mechanism of regional hemostasis in the left ventricular (LV)
      cavity during myocardial infarction, the blood pathway in LV cavity was examined
      with contrast echocardiography injected from the left atrium before and after
      coronary ligation in nine canines. Before coronary ligation, contrast echoes
      spread over LV cavity with one rush. After ligation, smokelike echoes indicating
      hemostasis were observed at the apical middle of the LV cavity in five dogs with
      apical akinesis and at the apical area in four dogs with apical dyskinesis. The
      contrast echoes did not reach the apex within one diastolic period but turned
      upward to the outflow tract in the middle of the cavity in all dogs. In the
      cardiac beats that followed, some contrast echoes spread slowly toward the apex,
      forming a thin layer along the posterior wall in cases with akinesis but not in
      cases with dyskinesis. The area separated from the blood pathway developed where
      the smokelike echoes had been developed. Tachycardia exaggerated the abnormality
      of blood pathway and widened the contrast echo-free area. The abnormal pathway of
      the blood in apical myocardial infarction develops hemostasis in the apex. This
      should be one of the mechanisms of thrombus formation in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3383401
TI  - Ethanol causes epicardial coronary artery vasoconstriction in the intact dog.
AB  - Ethanol produces in vitro vasoconstriction of coronary arteries and can
      precipitate angina in patients with coronary obstructive disease. To demonstrate
      the in vivo effect of ethanol on coronary dynamics, baseline measurements of left
      anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery dimension by quantitative angiography,
      hemodynamics, arterial and coronary sinus blood gases, and blood ethanol levels
      were obtained in 14 closed-chest mongrel dogs. Three ethanol levels were
      established by intravenous bolus followed by 1-hour maintenance infusions. All
      measurements made at baseline were recorded every 30 minutes. Phentolamine (5 mg
      i.v.) and nicardipine (0.15 mg/kg i.v.) were given to evaluate constrictor
      mechanisms. Blood ethanol levels achieved at 60, 120, and 180 minutes were 649 +/
      48, 1,285 +/- 81, and 2,546 +/- 130 micrograms/ml, respectively. LAD cross
      sectional area was reduced significantly from control at the end of each of the
      three dosing periods (-24 +/- 5%, -40 +/- 3%, and -53 +/- 3%; p less than 0.004).
      alpha-Adrenergic blockade had no effect on LAD cross-sectional area, while
      nicardipine partially reversed the ethanol-induced vasoconstriction. No
      significant change in vessel cross-sectional area took place in control dogs.
      These data suggest that ethanol induces epicardial coronary artery
      vasoconstriction in dogs at clinically important blood levels. alpha-Adrenergic
      blockade does not alter or reverse ethanol-induced vasoconstriction, while
      calcium channel blockade appears to be an effective vasodilator of ethanol
      constricted vessels.

PMID- 3383402
TI  - Relation of cardiac surface QRST distributions to ventricular fibrillation
      threshold in dogs.
AB  - The relation between ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and cardiac surface
      QRST area distributions was studied in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs.
      Unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded from 64 sites evenly distributed
      on the right and left ventricles. Localized areas of short repolarization
      properties were produced by directing five intensities of light onto the surface
      of the anterior right ventricle through apertures of three sizes. VFT, measured
      at the center of the lesion, decreased during warming and had a high negative
      correlation to the change (warming-control) in QRST area (delta QRST1) in the
      electrogram recorded from the center of the lesion. This correlation was
      independent of lesion size. For the six experiments, the correlation coefficients
      for 400-, 800-, and 1,600-mm2 lesions averaged -0.95, -0.94, and -0.96,
      respectively. The correlation between VFT and delta QRST1 without regard to
      lesion size averaged -0.88. VFT also had a negative correlation to root mean
      square (RMS)delta QRST because of warming. RMS delta QRST was calculated from the
      change in QRST areas (warming-control) in all 64 electrograms. The correlation
      between VFT and RMS delta QRST was dependent on lesion size. For all experiments,
      the correlation between VFT and RMS delta QRST averaged -0.97, -0.93, and -0.93
      for 400-, 800-, and 1,600-mm2 lesions, respectively. The correlation between VFT
      and RMS delta QRST without regard to lesion size, however, was considerably
      lower, -0.59. The results of this study provide the first direct evidence that
      VFT is correlated with cardiac surface QRST area distributions.

PMID- 3383403
TI  - Delayed afterdepolarizations elicited in vivo by left stellate ganglion
      stimulation.
AB  - Activation of cardiac sympathetic nerves is recognized as a triggering factor for
      cardiac arrhythmias. However, the mechanisms involved have only been speculated.
      Because evidence from studies in vitro has established a relation between
      catecholamines, delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD), and triggered rhythms, it
      seemed possible that in vivo adrenergic activation also might lead to the
      development of DAD. Because very little evidence was available for DAD in vivo,
      we have evaluated whether monophasic action potential (MAP) recording with a
      contact electrode could be a suitable technique for the detection of DAD from the
      endocardium of anesthetized cats. In six animals, atrial pacing and graded aortic
      constriction were performed during MAP recording to assess MAP stability during
      hemodynamic changes, and in no cases were modifications of the baseline observed.
      In 11 cats, calcium gluconate (0.5 g) and G-strophanthin (100 micrograms) were
      administered. Action potential duration at 50% (APD50) and 90% (APD90)
      repolarization were reduced (from 138 +/- 16 to 122 +/- 18 msec, p less than
      0.02, and from 163 +/- 23 to 149 +/- 20 msec, p less than 0.025, respectively).
      In eight of 11 (73%) animals, DAD were elicited with a mean amplitude of 1.2 +/-
      0.4 mV. In 14 cats, the left stellate ganglion was stimulated for 45 seconds.
      APD50 and APD90 decreased (from 153 +/- 15 to 145 +/- 16 msec, p less than 0.005,
      and from 176 +/- 18 to 165 +/- 13 msec, p less than 0.001, respectively). DAD
      were induced in 10 of 14 animals (71%) with a mean amplitude of 1.2 +/- 0.3 mV.
      These results show that DAD can be induced in vivo by administration of calcium
      and digitalis and by activation of the cardiac sympathetic nerves. This latter
      finding further strengthens the existing link between adrenergic activation and
      ventricular arrhythmogenesis and suggests triggered activity as a likely
      mechanism.

PMID- 3383404
TI  - Glutathione redox pathway and reperfusion injury. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on
      infarct size and ventricular function.
AB  - Glutathione peroxidase is an important enzyme in the degradative cascade of
      reactive oxygen free radicals. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a low molecular weight
      compound that has been used clinically to replenish glutathione. To assess the
      role of the glutathione redox pathway on reperfusion injury, 23 animals underwent
      90 minutes of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion
      followed by 24 hours of reperfusion with the administration of NAC (n = 11) or
      saline (n = 12) beginning 30 minutes into occlusion and continuing for 3 hours
      after reperfusion. Regional ventricular function was measured with contrast
      ventriculography, and regional myocardial blood flow was determined with
      microspheres. At 24 hours, the area at risk was defined in vivo with Monastral
      Blue, and the area of necrosis was defined by incubation in triphenyltetrazolium.
      Biopsies were taken from the ischemic and nonischemic zones to determine levels
      of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity,
      and reactivity to thiobarbituric acid, an index of lipid peroxidation. The rate
      pressure product and myocardial blood flow were similar in the two groups
      throughout the study. No significant differences were noted in infarct size
      expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (28.6 +/- 5.3% vs. 36.6 +/- 6.0%)
      and of the total left ventricle (14.4 +/- 3.2% vs. 16.5 +/- 3.1%), and no
      differences were noted between the two groups on examination of the ischemic
      subendocardium by light and electron microscopy. Both groups exhibited similar
      degrees of dyskinesis during occlusion; however, treated animals showed
      significant improvement in regional radial shortening at 3 hours (3.4 +/- 2.4%
      vs. -2.4 +/- 2.1%, p less than 0.02) and 24 hours (9.2 +/- 2.2% vs. -2.5 +/-
      6.3%, p less than 0.001) after reperfusion. No differences were present in total
      glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactivity, or superoxide dismutase and
      glutathione peroxidase activity in the ischemic zones of the two groups. This
      study suggests that N-acetylcysteine treatment before reperfusion may reduce
      myocardial stunning but does not limit myocyte death after reperfusion.

PMID- 3383405
TI  - Comparison of effects of three anesthetic agents on induction of ventricular
      tachycardia in a canine model of myocardial infarction.
AB  - The effects of three anesthetic agents on the inducibility of ventricular
      tachycardia by programmed stimulation were investigated in dogs with a surgically
      induced left ventricular infarct. Endocardial catheter electrodes were placed at
      the right ventricular apex under general anesthesia at least 2 weeks after
      infarction, and the dogs were allowed to recover for 24 hours before undergoing
      programmed stimulation in the conscious state on two occasions 2 hours apart. A
      protocol of programmed stimulation with up to seven ventricular extrastimuli was
      used. In 15 animals, ventricular tachycardia was inducible on both occasions with
      3.4 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SEM; range, 1-5) extrastimuli. Two hours after baseline
      conscious induction, the dogs were anesthetized with either halothane,
      pentobarbital, or a fixed combination of fentanyl-droperidol plus nitrous oxide.
      Halothane prolonged the PR interval from 99 +/- 4 to 117 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.001)
      and the ventricular effective refractory period from 140 +/- 4 to 157 +/- 6 msec
      (p = 0.008). The ability to induce ventricular tachycardia was abolished in five
      of 10 animals (p less than 0.05). In the animals that remained inducible, the
      cycle length of tachycardia increased from 153 +/- 10 to 168 +/- 10 msec (p =
      0.015), while the number of extrastimuli required was unaltered. Pentobarbital
      prolonged the PR interval from 104 +/- 6 to 124 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.004) and the
      QTc interval from 270 +/- 10 to 310 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.006). Ventricular
      tachycardia remained inducible in only six of 10 dogs (p less than 0.05) with no
      change in cycle length or the number of extrastimuli required. Ventricular
      fibrillation was inducible in an additional three dogs with a number of
      extrastimuli similar to that required to induce ventricular tachycardia before
      anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383406
TI  - Verapamil and tiapamil in prevention of ventricular fibrillation in pigs with
      coronary ligation. Comparative effects on left ventricular function.
AB  - Antiarrhythmic and hemodynamic effects of the calcium channel antagonist
      verapamil were compared with those of tiapamil, a congener, in open-chest pigs
      with anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Tiapamil (6 mg/kg i.v.)
      decreased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 4 of 10 versus 22 of 25 in
      controls (p less than 0.05) and maintained left ventricular dP/dtmax after
      ligation (predrug value: 2,312 +/- 112 mm Hg/sec; 20 minutes after ligation:
      2,139 +/- 229 mm Hg/sec). Tiapamil increased blood flow in the peripheral
      ischemic zone (24 +/- 3.2% vs. 16.9 +/- 1.6% of preligation value in controls, p
      less than 0.05) as well as in the peri-ischemic and nonischemic zones (153.9 +/-
      12.7% and 186.3 +/- 17.1%, respectively; both p less than 0.0001 vs. 97.9 +/- 5%
      and 91.3 +/- 4.7% in controls). Verapamil (0.6 mg/kg i.v.) decreased the
      incidence of ventricular fibrillation to 0 of 7 versus 22 of 25 in controls (p
      less than 0.005); left ventricular dP/dtmax decreased from 2,062 +/- 144 to 1,060
      +/- 168 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.0001). Verapamil did not change blood flow in
      the peripheral, peri-ischemic, or nonischemic zones. Thus, tiapamil, and not
      verapamil, decreased ischemic ventricular fibrillation while maintaining left
      ventricular mechanical function. Verapamil congeners warrant further evaluation
      as antiarrhythmic agents in acute myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 3383407
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse and severe mitral regurgitation.

PMID- 3383408
TI  - Modest changes in high-density lipoprotein concentration and metabolism with
      prolonged exercise training.
AB  - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism was studied in eight sedentary men
      before and after 14 and 32-48 weeks of exercise training. Subjects rode
      stationary bicycles 1 hour daily, 5 days each week for 14 weeks (n = 8), and 4
      days each week thereafter for a total of 32-48 weeks (n = 7) of training. HDL
      metabolism was assessed with 125I-radiolabeled autologous HDL while subjects
      consumed defined diets. Maximal oxygen uptake increased 26 +/- 7% (p less than
      0.001) after 14 weeks but did not increase further with more prolonged training.
      Body weight and estimated body fat did not change. HDL cholesterol increased 5 +/
      3 mg/dl, and triglycerides decreased 19 +/- 23 mg/dl after 14 weeks (p less than
      0.025 for both), but there were no additional changes with continued training.
      Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was 22% higher than baseline
      activity after both 14 (p less than 0.025) and 32 or more weeks of exercise. In
      contrast, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was 16 +/- 8% and 15 +/- 8% lower
      than baseline at each measurement (p less than 0.005 for both). The disappearance
      rate of triglycerides after an intravenously administered fat solution was 24 +/-
      24% higher at 14 weeks and 49 +/- 18% (p less than 0.005) higher after more
      prolonged training. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
      apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations at the end of study were not different
      from initial values. Plasma volume was 8% above initial values at both post
      training measurements. The biological half-life of apolipoprotein A-I was
      unchanged at 14 weeks but was 10 +/- 13% longer (p = 0.07) and increased in all
      but one subject at the end of the study. Half-life for apolipoprotein A-II was 8
      +/- 8% (p = 0.031) and 11 +/- 14% (p = 0.06) above baseline at 14 and 32 or more
      weeks, respectively. The synthetic rates for apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were
      not different from baseline values at 32-48 weeks. We conclude that 8-11 months
      of exercise training in previously sedentary men enhances fat tolerance and
      increases HDL cholesterol concentrations by prolonging HDL survival. The changes
      in HDL apolipoprotein survival, however, do not approximate the differences
      previously noted between elite endurance athletes and sedentary men. Changes in
      HDL cholesterol concentration were not large and suggest that the potential for
      exercise-related changes in HDL may be modest in many subjects.

PMID- 3383409
TI  - In vivo measurement of neuronal uptake of norepinephrine in the human heart.
AB  - Neuronal uptake (Uptake-1) of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine
      from the circulation in the human heart was assessed in vivo with three
      techniques. 1) Cardiac removal of intravenously infused tracer-labeled
      norepinephrine was measured before and after Uptake-1 blockade with desipramine;
      2) the difference between the fractional extraction of radioactive norepinephrine
      and of radioactive isoproterenol, which is not a substrate for neuronal uptake,
      was used to estimate the removal of norepinephrine by Uptake-1 in the heart
      compared with other vascular beds (arm, leg, brain, and lungs); and 3) regional
      arteriovenous differences in radioactive and endogenous dihydroxyphenylglycol
      (DHPG), an exclusively intraneuronal metabolite of norepinephrine, were compared
      in these beds. In untreated patients, cardiac removal of radioactive
      norepinephrine averaged 79%, whereas in desipramine-treated patients, cardiac
      removal of radioactive norepinephrine averaged 19%, a value similar to that of
      isoproterenol in untreated patients (14%), confirming that in the heart the non
      neuronal removals of isoproterenol and norepinephrine were similar. In the heart,
      69% of delivered norepinephrine was estimated to be removed by Uptake-1, a much
      higher percentage than that in the arm (14%), leg (7%), brain (10%), and lungs
      (4%). The cardiac arteriovenous increment in endogenous DHPG (137%) far exceeded
      that of the other beds (49%, 26%, 39%, and -19%, respectively), and radioactive
      DHPG in the great cardiac vein exceeded arterial levels by 113%, whereas in the
      other beds, arterial radioactive DHPG exceeded venous levels. The results
      indicate that the human heart is exceptionally dependent on neuronal uptake for
      in vivo removal of circulating norepinephrine.

PMID- 3383410
TI  - Effects of lower-body negative pressure on sympathetic nerve responses to static
      exercise in humans. Microneurographic evidence against cardiac baroreflex
      modulation of the exercise pressor reflex.
AB  - Although previous studies in both animals and humans have suggested that cardiac
      baroreceptors modulate reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise, more
      recent studies in conscious animals have not supported this view. To further test
      this concept in humans, we measured sympathetic nerve discharge with intraneural
      microelectrodes while we used static handgrip to activate the exercise pressor
      reflex and nonhypotensive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to selectively
      unload the cardiac baroreflex. In nine healthy subjects, we measured blood
      pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve
      activity (MSNA) from the peroneal nerve (resting leg) during 2 minutes of static
      handgrip at 20% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) alone and in
      combination with LBNP at -5 mm Hg. Handgrip alone (exercise reflex) at 20% and
      30% MVC caused graded increases in MSNA. LBNP alone (cardiac reflex) did not
      alter blood pressure or heart rate but decreased central venous pressure by 2.5
      +/- 0.1 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) and increased MSNA by 92 +/- 22%
      over the control value. Most important, handgrip performed during LBNP
      (interaction of reflexes) caused increases in MSNA that were comparable with the
      increases during handgrip alone: +114 +/- 32% versus +175 +/- 89% at 20% MVC and
      +328 +/- 101% versus +431 +/- 110% at 30% MVC (handgrip plus LBNP vs. handgrip
      alone, p greater than 0.1). Pressor and heart rate responses to handgrip also
      were unaffected by LBNP. In five additional experiments, comparable findings were
      obtained when the LBNP was superimposed on handgrip rather than handgrip being
      superimposed on LBNP. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence in
      humans that nonhypotensive LBNP does not augment muscle sympathetic outflow
      during static handgrip and challenges the concept of an important interaction
      between cardiac baroreceptor and exercise pressor reflexes during this form of
      exercise.

PMID- 3383411
TI  - Variability of transient myocardial ischemia in ambulatory patients with coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - Ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring of patients with chronic stable
      angina has demonstrated frequent and prolonged episodes of ischemic ST segment
      depression, but its clinical use requires an understanding of the components and
      extent of variability. Therefore, variations in the frequency and duration of
      episodes of ST segment depression were evaluated with ambulatory ECG recording at
      daily, weekly, and monthly intervals in 42 patients with chronic stable angina
      and known coronary artery disease. Data were analyzed with a nested analysis of
      variance design that yields estimates of variance components. From the estimates
      of variance components, power calculations and minimum significant percent
      reductions in frequency and duration of ischemia were derived. During 4,656 hours
      of ambulatory ECG monitoring, 1,262 episodes of ischemic ST segment depression
      were detected. The frequency of episodes was 6.3 +/- 0.45/24 hr (mean +/- SEM),
      and the duration of episodes was 18.3 +/- 2.8/24 hr. Because of variability over
      time, the ability to detect significant changes was dependent upon the number of
      subjects, length of monitoring period, and intervals between monitoring periods.
      In a clinical trial, for example, a sample size of 25 patients monitored for 48
      hours with 1 week between control and test conditions would require a 65%
      reduction in frequency, whereas a sample size of 50 patients monitored under
      similar conditions would require a 46% reduction in frequency, to attribute the
      change with 90% power to a therapeutic intervention rather than to a spontaneous
      variation. When monitoring a single patient for 48 hours with 1 week or 1 month
      between control and repeat monitoring sessions, episodes of ischemic ST
      depression must be eliminated to detect significant therapeutic changes in
      ischemic activity at the 95% confidence level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383412
TI  - Correction for preload in assessment of myocardial contractility in aortic and
      mitral valve disease. Application of the concept of systolic myocardial
      stiffness.
AB  - With single-beat analysis, the new concept of systolic myocardial stiffness is
      applied to provide a new approach for the assessment of myocardial contractility
      in aortic and mitral valve disease. Seventy patients underwent diagnostic right
      and left heart catheterization. Twenty-six patients had aortic stenosis, 18 had
      aortic insufficiency, and 26 had mitral regurgitation. Patients with aortic
      stenosis were divided into two groups on the basis of left ventricular mass index
      less than 172 g/m2 (AS1) and mass index greater than or equal to 172 g/m2 (AS2).
      The mitral regurgitation patients were divided into those in normal sinus rhythm
      (MR1) and those in atrial fibrillation (MR2). Nine patients without significant
      coronary or cardiovascular disease served as controls. Thirteen patients with
      aortic stenosis and eight with aortic insufficiency were evaluated (average,
      approximately 18 months) after successful aortic valve replacement. With
      simultaneous left ventricular pressure and cineangiographic methods, myocardial
      contractility was assessed by the conventional ejection fraction-afterload
      relation (uncorrected for preload) and by two new methods that permit the
      correction of the ejection fraction for preload. Assessments of the contractile
      state by these two new methods differed from those by the conventional method in
      20-40% of the cases studied. Contractile state improved postoperatively in aortic
      stenosis and aortic insufficiency even in patients with preoperative depressed
      contractile states. In patients with mitral regurgitation, there was considerable
      heterogeneity of contractile function preoperatively. Severe left ventricular
      hypertrophy in aortic stenosis was not a marker for postoperative outcome since
      contractility was normal postoperatively in AS1 and AS2 in equal numbers. This
      study demonstrates that preload correction is important in a preoperative
      assessment of contractility in aortic and mitral valve disease but that it is
      less important postoperatively, presumably because of reductions in the preload.

PMID- 3383413
TI  - Human right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation defined by maximal
      elastance.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine 1) whether a combined radionuclide
      hemodynamic technique could define the right ventricular end-systolic pressure
      volume relation (RV ESPVR) in the clinical setting, 2) whether the human RV ESPVR
      defined by maximal elastance is linear and responsive to inotropic interventions,
      and 3) whether more easily measured modifications of the ESPVR are reliable
      substitutes as an index of RV function. Eight patients with normal RV function
      were studied with simultaneous micromanometer RV pressure measurements and
      radionuclide ventriculography to construct RV pressure-volume loops. Data were
      collected at baseline and after at least two alterations in loading conditions
      with nitroglycerin, phenylephrine, or saline. End systole was defined by maximal
      elastance (E(t) = P(t)/[V(t) - V0]). Data were also obtained during
      administration of dobutamine in four patients and after atrial pacing tachycardia
      in one patient. The RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance was highly linear (r =
      0.988-0.999) throughout the range of pressures and volumes tested. Furthermore,
      the linear correlations were significantly higher (p less than 0.005), and the
      linear regression standard error of the estimate (SEE) was significantly lower (p
      less than 0.005) for the RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance compared with
      modifications of the ESPVR with the ratio of pulmonary artery-dicrotic notch
      pressure or RV peak pressure to end-ejection volume. Dobutamine or atrial pacing
      tachycardia produced a leftward shift of the entire RV pressure-volume loop, and
      in each patient (five of five), the point of maximal elastance fell outside the
      95% confidence interval defined by the baseline ESPVR. However, because of the
      larger SEE, the leftward shift with modifications of the ESPVR was not
      statistically significant in any patient by the pulmonary artery-dicrotic notch
      pressure: end-ejection volume ratio and was significant in only one of five
      patients by the RV peak pressure: end-ejection volume ratio (p less than 0.03).
      Therefore, it appears that the steady-state RV ESPVR defined by maximal elastance
      in patients with normal RV function is responsive to alterations in inotropic
      state and is more sensitive to alterations in RV function than the frequently
      used, more easily measured modifications of the RV ESPVR.

PMID- 3383415
TI  - A 29-year-old woman with back pain and a lumbar mass.

PMID- 3383414
TI  - Digital fluoroscopy and intravenous cardiac angiography for the detection of
      coronary artery disease in selected subjects. A feasibility study.

PMID- 3383416
TI  - The effects of central venous catheter location on waveform and results.

PMID- 3383417
TI  - Prosthetic ball free in the left ventricle in a patient with an aortic Starr
      Edwards prosthesis.

PMID- 3383419
TI  - Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary. An ultrastructural study and review of the
      literature to evaluate hormonal function.

PMID- 3383418
TI  - Cutaneous Wegener's granulomatosis. Report of a case and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 3383420
TI  - The place of reference materials in clinical enzymology.
AB  - Standardization embraces two concepts: achievement of a uniform standard of
      practice, or comparison with a standard of known or defined properties. In
      clinical enzymology the former concept can be equated with the adoption of
      recommended standardized methodology, which has had noteworthy successes in
      improving comparability of results. The use of enzyme standards or calibrators
      has received relatively little attention so far, but is increasingly important
      with the introduction of analysers which cannot readily utilize recommended
      methods. The main factor in the use of calibrators is that of commutability of
      calibrators and patients' samples between methods, which must be the subject of
      thorough experimental tests.

PMID- 3383421
TI  - A selection of papers from the 12th International Symposium on Clinical
      Enzymology held cojointly with the 8th National Congress of the Italian Society
      of Clinical Enzymology. Venice, 13-16 April 1987.

PMID- 3383422
TI  - Molecular titration as a means of calibrating enzyme reference materials.
AB  - Active site titration provides a means of calibrating enzyme reference materials
      in molecular concentration units independent from the incubation conditions used
      in kinetic assays. Such reference materials may serve as primary standards for
      calibrating any kinetic assay using the same active site. Active site titration
      of aspartate aminotransferase has been done by fluorimetric measurement of the
      half-cycle transamination of the phosphopyridoxal form. Another promising
      approach is the stoichiometric titration with specific suicide substrates such as
      vinylglycine. Expression of results in molecular concentration units requires
      that both the primary enzyme standard and the enzyme as measured in blood plasma
      show similar turnover numbers and substrate specificity in the kinetic assay
      being used. This is best achieved with purified reference materials of human
      origin. If the assay in plasma measures the sum of several isoenzymes having
      different turnover numbers, then the calibration is no longer absolute but
      becomes method-dependent.

PMID- 3383423
TI  - Influence of isoenzyme patterns on commutability in enzyme determinations.
AB  - The use of recommended methods has very much improved the precision and accuracy
      of enzymatic determinations. The use of 'enzyme reference materials' allows us to
      overcome the remaining difficulties. The possibility of extending standardization
      by using calibration materials to convert results obtained by different methods
      requires an essential property: 'commutability'. The relationship between
      patients' specimens and reference materials are conditioned by analytical causes
      (relative to the used methods) and clinical causes (relative to the condition of
      the human samples to be examined). Among the clinical causes, the different
      isoenzyme content of patients sera, induced by different pathologies, was
      considered. The effect of this influence has been investigated with an analytical
      approach of the isoenzymes in the individual clinical samples. The results
      obtained on determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK),
      and lactate dehydrogenase (LD), are discussed according to a model of
      investigation which can be utilized for the experimental protocols in the
      assessment of commutability.

PMID- 3383424
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency: a new type of hereditary exertional
      myopathy.
AB  - Three families with a complete deficiency of the lactate dehydrogenase M subunit
      show exertional myoglobinuria. The response to ischemic forearm work is
      characteristic in these three families: an increase of venous lactate
      concentration after ischemic work was not observed and a marked increase of
      venous pyruvate was found. Glycolysis was markedly retarded in the patient's
      muscle in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GA3PD) step. A
      significant increases in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate
      and fructose 1,6-diphosphate were observed. The glycolysis retardation may be
      attributed to the impaired reoxidation of NADH produced by GA3PD action. The
      cytosolic fraction of skeletal muscle is rich in alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase. This enzyme reoxidizes the excess NADH and drains triose
      phosphates from the glycolytic pathway under anaerobic conditions. For this
      reason, ATP production was significantly impaired and muscle cells were damaged
      in these patients. Consequently, the cytosolic enzymes and proteins such as
      creatine kinase and myoglobin were released into the blood stream. Otherwise,
      patients with a lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency do not show muscle
      stiffness and myoglobinuria under ordinary circumstances. They complain of muscle
      rigidity and sudden myoglobinuria after strenous exercise under anaerobic
      conditions. Thus, the lactate dehydrogenase M-subunit deficiency does not show
      any symptoms under ordinary circumstances, but is a latent hereditary disorder,
      now recognized as a new type of hereditary exertional myoglobinuria.

PMID- 3383425
TI  - Standardization by reference methods: a German viewpoint.
AB  - The problems of applying optimized as well as standardized methods to the
      determination of enzyme activities in modern clinical laboratories are described.
      The failure of the so-called 'New Concept of Reference Method Values' in the
      quality assessment of enzyme assays is evidenced, and the advantages of
      standardized methods rather than only standard materials is demonstrated.
      Finally, the great similarities among European national recommended methods for
      enzyme assay is emphasized by a comparison of results obtained in estimating 5
      enzymes.

PMID- 3383426
TI  - Urinary acylcarnitines in a patient with neonatal multiple acyl-CoA
      dehydrogenation deficiency, quantified by a carboxylic acid analyzer with a
      reversed-phase column.
AB  - A quantitative analysis for urinary acylcarnitines in a patient with neonatal
      multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency is described. This method (liquid
      chromatography) can quantify twelve acylcarnitines including glutarylcarnitine
      and 3 isomeric acylcarnitines (butyryl-1, valeryl- and octanoylisomer) in urine.
      Before and up to the 15th hour of DL-carnitine therapy, isovalerylcarnitine was
      the largest single component existing in urinary acylcarnitines. Its excretion
      increased approximately 10 times within 1 day of DL-carnitine therapy. However,
      the acetyl-, the isobutyryl- and the butyrylcarnitine values increased gradually.
      From the 8th day of the therapy, the isobutyrylcarnitine value exceeded the
      isovalerylcarnitine. The patient's dominant urinary specific acylcarnitine
      derived from amino acids oxidation deficiency was changed from
      isovalerylcarnitine(leucine) to isobutyrylcarnitine(valine) during the early
      period of DL-carnitine therapy. Glutarylcarnitine was a minor component in the
      urine. Its degree of increase was as small as that of octanoylcarnitine. 2
      Methylbutyrylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine were not detected.

PMID- 3383427
TI  - Reference limits of bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the serum
      of healthy subjects according to age and sex as determined by wheat germ lectin
      affinity electrophoresis.
AB  - Wheat germ lectin affinity electrophoresis was employed for quantitating the bone
      and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in serum and for
      determining the reference limits of each isoenzyme activity in 488 healthy
      individuals. Bone phosphatase activity was detected even after bone growth,
      accounting for 60-70% of the total activity. An increase in bone phosphatase
      activity occurred in older females, but there was a decrease in older males.
      Liver phosphatase activity gradually increased with age in both sexes, males
      showing higher activity than females at all ages. Wheat germ lectin affinity
      electrophoresis of serum alkaline phosphatase is a simple and useful method for
      quantitating bone and liver alkaline phosphatase activities.

PMID- 3383428
TI  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for acid ceramidase activity in
      cultured fibroblasts from patients with Farber's disease and from controls.
AB  - The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method we devised for assay of
      acid ceramidase activity involves coupling of a fluorescent probe to the
      enzymatically released sphingosine in the reaction mixture and detection of the
      fluorescent sphingosine derivative by reverse-phase HPLC. Using the method, acid
      ceramidase activity in fibroblast homogenates was accurately assayed, with or
      without the addition of exogenous ceramide, as the substrate, and the patients
      and carriers of Farber's disease could be readily diagnosed.

PMID- 3383429
TI  - Random distribution of iron among the two binding sites of transferrin in
      patients with various hematologic disorders.
AB  - The distribution of iron among the two binding sites of transferrin was studied
      by isoelectric focusing in 41 patients with a variety of disorders of iron
      metabolism and erythropoiesis. The proportion of diferric and the two monoferric
      transferrins were very close to the values predicted from the transferring
      saturation. It is concluded that iron distribution on transferrin is random or
      close to random within the experimental error in patients with a variety of
      clinical disorders.

PMID- 3383430
TI  - Succinic acidemia: a new syndrome of organic acidemia associated with congenital
      lactic acidosis and decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity.
AB  - Two siblings with succinic acidemia, a hitherto unreported organic acidemia, were
      investigated. Succinic acidemia, lactic acidosis and respiratory distress were
      observed in one of the siblings, who died 37 days after birth, and succinic
      acidemia was also detected in the next sibling at the fetal stage. NADH
      cytochrome c reductase activity was significantly low in both cases and NADH
      ferricyanide reductase activity was also low in the fetal case, suggesting a
      complex I deficiency of the electron transport system in the mitochondrial
      membrane.

PMID- 3383431
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of desferrioxamine and of its iron and aluminum chelates in
      patients on peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - We have studied the pharmacokinetics of desferrioxamine (DFA), ferrioxamine (FeA)
      and aluminoxamine (AlA) in patients with chronic renal failure on continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after 10 mg/kg (15.24 mumol/kg) body weight
      desferrioxamine (DESFERAL) administration by intramuscular and intraperitoneal
      routes. The results show an easy exchange of DFA between the plasma and the
      peritoneal fluid regulated by the relative concentrations of DFA in the two
      compartments. When the equilibrium is reached, the concentration of DFA are
      approximately the same in the plasma and the peritoneal fluid.

PMID- 3383432
TI  - Biochemical investigations on prolidase and prolinase in erythrocytes from
      patients with prolidase deficiency.

PMID- 3383433
TI  - Correlation between serum lipid peroxides and the lesion size in cerebrovascular
      disease.

PMID- 3383434
TI  - The carbohydrate composition of human serum amyloid P component.
AB  - The carbohydrate moiety of human serum amyloid P component was analyzed and found
      to consist of equal amounts of galactose and mannose (total 4.0%), of glucosamine
      and galactosamine in a ratio of 7:1 (total 2.7%) and sialic acid (3.9%). It
      should be noted that this is the first report on the separate quantification of
      the neutral hexoses and the demonstration of the presence of galactosamine. The
      contents of glucosamine and galactosamine suggest that this protein possesses
      both an N- and an O-glycan.

PMID- 3383435
TI  - The chemiluminescence response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from febrile
      patients.

PMID- 3383436
TI  - Lack of association between plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase
      concentration and plasma sex hormone concentrations in men.
AB  - Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) concentration has been shown
      to be higher in women than in men, suggesting that sex hormones may influence
      LCAT metabolism. In order to explore this possibility, the associations of plasma
      LCAT concentration with the concentrations of total, free and protein-bound
      testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol in plasma, and with
      total androstenedione concentration in plasma, were examined in 88 men aged 52-67
      yr. Total cortisol in plasma was also assayed. No statistically significant
      correlations were observed between LCAT and androgen or oestrogen concentrations,
      but a weak positive association was observed between LCAT and plasma cortisol
      concentration (r = +0.227, p less than 0.05).

PMID- 3383438
TI  - The Philadelphia variant of galactokinase: impaired [1-14C]galactose oxidation by
      intact erythrocytes.
AB  - Probands with the Philadelphia variant of galactokinase (GALKP) are black people
      who exhibit reduced galactokinase (GALK) activity in their red blood cells (RBC),
      but normal activity in their white blood cells (WBC). This reduced RBC GALK was
      demonstrated in disrupted erythrocytes. To investigate the possibility of a
      missing cofactor in hemolysates from individuals with GALKP phenotype, we
      compared [1-14C]galactose oxidation by intact erythrocytes, with the direct GALK
      assay in disrupted erythrocytes. The rate of [1-14C]glucose oxidation was also
      measured in order to differentiate an impaired galactose metabolism from a defect
      further along the pentose phosphate pathway. A good correlation (p less than
      0.001) was found between the direct GALK assay and [1-14C]galactose oxidation in
      control subjects, which indicates that this method can be used effectively for
      the detection of GALK defects. This was further supported by studies on samples
      from heterozygotes and homozygotes for the GALKG deficient gene. For all the
      probands with a GALKP phenotype, diminished CO2 production from galactose was
      observed in the absence of impaired glucose metabolism. This allowed us to
      confirm the existence of a GALK deficiency in intact erythrocytes due to the
      GALKP variant. Further studies of RBC GALK catalytic properties are needed to
      investigate the molecular basis of this GALK deficiency.

PMID- 3383437
TI  - Methyltransferase and phospholipase A2 activity in the cell membrane of
      neutrophils and lymphocytes from patients with Behcet's disease, systemic lupus
      erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Phospholipid methylation and phospholipase A2 activation in the membrane of
      neutrophils and lymphocytes, which participate in the induction of cell
      activation, were assessed in patients with Behcet's disease, systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). [3H-methyl] incorporation and
      phospholipase A2 activity of neutrophils from active cases of Behcet's disease
      and RA were significantly increased compared with normal controls. In lymphocytes
      from the patients with active Behcet's disease and RA, a significant increase in
      methyltransferase activity and a marked enhancement of phospholipase activity
      were found. A modest increase in these two membrane phospholipid enzyme
      activities was observed in lymphocytes of patients with active SLE. In addition,
      these enzyme activities were significantly enhanced in normal leukocytes
      preincubated with serum from patients with active SLE and malignant RA. The
      potentiated functions of neutrophils and lymphocyte abnormalities in the patients
      tested thus seem to be at least partly due to an increase in these enzymatic
      activities in the cell membrane.

PMID- 3383439
TI  - Magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, lipoproteins and creatine kinases on the
      first day after acute myocardial infarction: statistical analysis.

PMID- 3383440
TI  - Modified dual label Schilling test for pancreatic exocrine function.
AB  - The modified dual-label Schilling test, as further developed in kit form by
      Amersham International plc (UK), has been assessed in two separate centres. Since
      the outcome was similar in each centre, the results in 66 subjects were
      amalgamated. Using a cut-off point for the 58Co/57Co ratio of 0.52--as derived
      from studies in 10 healthy volunteers--to separate normal from abnormal results,
      the specificity of the test was 88%. However, the test's sensitivity in chronic
      pancreatic disease was only 50%: normal results occurred in 5 of 8 patients with
      pancreatic cancer (including 2 with steatorrhoea), and 9 of 21 with chronic
      pancreatitis (including 1 with steatorrhoea). The possible reasons for the test's
      poor sensitivity are discussed.

PMID- 3383441
TI  - Evaluation of serum aminoterminal procollagen type III propeptide as an index of
      portal hypertension and esophageal varices in chronic liver diseases.
AB  - The concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III
      P) was determined in serum of cubital vein and hepatic vein of patients with
      various types of chronic liver diseases (n = 111) and correlated with the portal
      venous pressure and with the degree of esophageal varices. The P-III-P level in
      all chronic liver diseases was correlated (rS 0.542, p less than 0.001) with the
      portal venous pressure, but in liver fibrotic subjects (n = 29) this correlation
      (rS 0.310) was not significant, in liver cirrhosis (n = 30) the respective
      correlation was found to be weak (rS 0.333, p less than 0.05) and similar to that
      in patients with unspecified chronic liver diseases (n = 52) (rS 0.425, p less
      than 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of P-III-P at a cut-off concentration of
      12 ng/ml for portal hypertension (portal vein pressure 5 mm Hg) are 0.93 and
      0.42, respectively, the diagnostic efficiency is 0.67. Predictive values at the
      same cut-off level of P-III-P and an assumed prevalence of portal hypertension of
      50% are 0.62 and 0.85 for the positive and negative test result, respectively.
      The level of P-III-P is not related to the degree of esophageal varices. The mean
      P-III-P concentration in the hepatic vein was found to be significantly (p less
      than 0.001) higher (about 35%) than that in the cubital vein. It is concluded
      that P-III-P is not an useful parameter for diagnosis of portal hypertension and
      monitoring of portal vein pressure and of the degree of esophageal varices.

PMID- 3383442
TI  - Quality of performance of assays for serum growth hormone in the United Kingdom
      (UK): evidence from the UK external quality assessment scheme, 1980-1987.
AB  - The performance of laboratories in the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme for
      growth hormone (GH) during the years 1980 to 1987 is reviewed. The number of
      participating laboratories has increased steadily and is at present 67; about one
      half use immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits and the use of such kits is
      increasing at the expense of 'in-house' radioimmunoassays (RIAs). The consensus
      mean, which is used as the target value for assessing performance, has remained
      accurate and reproducible against this changing background. The between
      laboratory geometric coefficient of variation has remained at about 18% during
      the period reviewed, revealing unsatisfactory between-laboratory agreement. This
      is in part due to poor within-laboratory performance in a small proportion of
      laboratories but it is also due to the negative bias of some IRMA kits. Most IRMA
      kits do appear, however, to provide marginally better within-laboratory precision
      than RIA, and are less vulnerable to non-specific interference. The laboratory
      interpretation of results was assessed from time to time, and was generally
      satisfactorily performed. In an attempt to identify the causes of poor
      performance, a detailed survey of assay methods and laboratory practice has been
      carried out; the results are described in an associated report [1].

PMID- 3383443
TI  - Factors associated with the quality of laboratory performance in the United
      Kingdom external quality assessment scheme for serum growth hormone.
AB  - A search was made for associations between poor performance in the UK External
      Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) for serum growth hormone (GH), and a range of
      factors including assay method, laboratory workload and staffing, and Internal
      Quality Control (IQC) procedures. On the basis of the factors identified as being
      associated with poor performance we recommend the following. 1. Laboratories
      using RIA for GH should routinely analyse samples at two dilutions and report a
      mean result. 2. The use of 125I-GH which is 5 or more weeks old should be
      avoided. Tracer should also be chromatographed to remove aggregate before use. 3.
      Laboratories using RIA should avoid using a standard curve which covers too wide
      a range concentration; a curve midpoint (ie GH concentration to reduce the zero
      standard binding by 50%) of about 8 mU/l or less is probably acceptable. 4. It
      should be noted that high workloads present a risk of some loss in quality of
      responsible for checking IQC data. 6. Laboratories which do not have the
      resources to maintain fully their own RIA as outlined above should carefully
      consider use of an unbiased, precise IRMA. The UK EQAS has identified two assays
      (Boots-Celltech Sucrosep, NETRIA) that appear to meet these criteria [2]. The
      above observations may also be relevant to immunoassays for other peptide
      hormones.

PMID- 3383444
TI  - Quantification of soluble serum HLA class I antigens in healthy volunteers and
      AIDS patients.
AB  - A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) has been used to quantify human soluble
      Class I histocompatibility antigens in serum samples from voluntary blood donors
      and AIDS patients. Statistical analysis of the results showed significantly
      raised levels (p less than 0.01) of free HLA Class I in sera from AIDS patients
      (2.95 +/- 1.80 micrograms/ml) when compared with the blood donors (1.06 +/- 0.6
      micrograms/ml). The assay is specific, reproducible and easy to perform.
      Potential uses of this determination are discussed.

PMID- 3383445
TI  - Serum plant sterols and lathosterol related to cholesterol absorption in coeliac
      disease.
AB  - The concentrations of the plant sterols, campesterol and beta-sitosterol in
      serum, normally correlate with the efficiency of cholesterol absorption, whereas
      the concentration of lathosterol, a cholesterol precursor sterol, closely
      parallels changes in cholesterol synthesis. In this study we explored whether the
      plant sterol concentrations in serum in coeliac disease are determined by
      cholesterol absorption and whether they alone or with the serum lathosterol
      concentration, could be used for screening the activity of coeliac disease. In
      six patients the plant sterol concentrations in serum were significantly lower
      than in 17 control subjects, the reduction being more marked for campesterol than
      for beta-sitosterol: the serum lathosterol concentration was significantly higher
      than in the control subjects. The opposite changes in serum plant sterols and
      lathosterol were recorded in patients on a gluten-free diet. The plant sterol
      concentrations in serum (nmol/mg of cholesterol) were positively correlated with
      each other, and with the percentage absorption of cholesterol and with xylose
      absorption; they were negatively correlated with faecal fat, but not with faecal
      plant sterols. Thus, the low plant sterol concentrations in serum in coeliac
      disease were attributable to their impaired absorption, which in turn was closely
      associated with the absorption of cholesterol. The serum campesterol
      concentration clearly distinguished the untreated patients from the controls,
      whereas the use of serum beta-sitosterol, and the serum ratios of
      lathosterol/plant sterol resulted in some overlapping with the controls. It is
      suggested that the plant sterols in serum might be worth of determining when
      screening patients for coeliac disease and especially when testing their
      adherence to the gluten-free diet.

PMID- 3383446
TI  - Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient heterozygotes:
      cytochemical method and spectrophotometric assay.

PMID- 3383447
TI  - Critical dependence on antibody for defence against mycoplasmas.
AB  - We have shown that mycoplasmas bind spontaneously to neutrophils, as well as
      directly activating the first component of complement with probable subsequent
      binding through neutrophil complement receptors. Thus, antibody is not required
      to opsonize mycoplasmas for neutrophil phagocytosis. Furthermore, mycoplasmas
      remain viable when phagocytosed in the absence of antibody and may be carried
      inside neutrophils to various parts of the body to cause infection (e.g. joints).
      We found that antibody alone inhibits the growth of mycoplasmas in vitro. These
      observations suggest that the role of antibodies is to control the growth of
      mycoplasmas on mucosal surfaces; neutrophils play no part in defence and may even
      aid dissemination of the infection. This helps to explain why patients with
      hypogammaglobulinaemia are prone to systemic mycoplasma infections.

PMID- 3383448
TI  - Decrease of IgE-dependent platelet activation in Hymenoptera hypersensitivity
      after specific rush desensitization.
AB  - A receptor for the Fc fragment of IgE on human platelets has been recently
      described, which mediated an IgE-dependent activation in the presence of specific
      allergen. We investigated the allergen-induced activation of platelets from
      patients with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity before and after specific rush
      desensitization. Nineteen patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions were
      included (15 sensitive to yellow-jacket and four to honey-bee venom),
      fourteen/nineteen having experienced severe life-threatening systemic reactions
      and 5/19 large local reactions. All showed positive skin tests and high values of
      specific IgE. By comparison to the baseline results obtained before
      desensitization, a significant decrease of platelet activation (76.8% inhibition)
      after rush desensitization was observed. In the case of two polysensitized
      patients, after Hymenoptera venom desensitization alone, platelets not only lost
      their reactivity to venom but also towards the other allergen. This modulation of
      the IgE-dependent platelet reactivity during desensitization offers therefore a
      new approach for the study of allergen-induced desensitization.

PMID- 3383449
TI  - A new assay uses monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibodies to determine rheumatoid factor
      specificity: reactivity to a monoclonal antibody of the Gm allotype G3m(21) is
      more frequent in rheumatoid patients negative for G3m(21)
AB  - A new method has been developed to determine the specificities of polyclonal
      rheumatoid factors (naturally occurring antibodies which react with human Fc
      gamma) (RF) found in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In this
      method, monoclonal anti-Rh(D) antibodies of known IgG isotype and allotype are
      bound to erythrocytes and then act as the target IgG antigen for RF in a direct
      haemagglutination test. Using two monoclonal anti-D antibodies of the IgG3
      isotype and G3m(21) allotype, which were cloned from different donors, we found
      that a large number of rheumatoid sera reacted with both these G3m(21) proteins.
      In contrast reactivity of rheumatoid sera with polyclonal anti-D of the G3m(21)
      allotype in the direct haemagglutination test was rare. A strong correlation was
      found between reactivities to both G3m(21) monoclonal anti-D antibodies but not
      with a monoclonal anti-D antibody carrying the alternative allele, namely G3m(5).
      Haemagglutination inhibition experiments using human paraproteins of known IgG
      isotype and allotype provided some additional evidence that this method can
      detect RF with specificity for the G3m(21) allotypic determinant or a related
      allotypic determinant in polyclonal rheumatoid sera. When each patient's
      autoantibody response was related to their Gm phenotype, we found that the
      frequency of reactivity for G3m(21) monoclonal anti-D antibodies was
      significantly greater in patients negative for G3m(21) than in patients positive
      for the G3m(21) allotype. IgM preparations from patients' sera were dissociated
      at acid pH but no 'hidden' antibodies were found. We suggest trans-placental
      sensitization as one of several possible interpretations of this finding.

PMID- 3383450
TI  - Long term spectrotypic and idiotypic stability of thyroglobulin autoantibodies in
      patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing of serial bleeds from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
      was carried out and thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibodies visualized using 125I
      labelled Tg followed by autoradiography. Although the spectrotype of these
      antibodies was polyclonal and varied from patient to patient, each individual's
      spectrotype remained constant during the disease. Similar results were obtained
      if immunoblots were stained with rabbit anti-idiotype (anti-Id) raised to these
      autoantibodies. Using radioimmunoassay (RIA), it is shown that the levels of Id
      remain constant over several years whether assayed on crude immunoglobulin (Ig)
      fractions or affinity-purified anti-Tg. Therefore, once established, the
      autoimmune disease appears to be stable in terms of autoantibody spectrotype and
      idiotype in the patients studied.

PMID- 3383452
TI  - Binding of IgA to erythrocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy.
AB  - Primate erythrocytes (RBCs) may be involved in the transport and processing of
      C3b-containing immune complexes (IC). Compared to RBCs from healthy controls,
      increased amounts of IgA were detectable on RBCs from 7 of 17 patients with IgA
      nephropathy (IgA NP). There was no difference in the amount of IgG or IgM. The
      highest amount of RBC-bound IgA corresponded to 6 ng IgA/10(8) cells. The
      mechanisms involved in the binding of IgA to RBCs were investigated in vitro.
      Isolated IgA1 or IgA2 did not bind to RCBs from a patient with IgA deficiency. In
      contrast, incubation of RBCs with a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitate of serum
      from a patient with IgA NP which contained IgA-IC resulted in IgA1 binding.
      However, this binding was not inhibited by monoclonal anti-CR1 or by an excess of
      IgG or IgM. Factor I did not cause release of IgA from RBCs from patients with
      IgA NP. Heat-aggregated IgA1 also bound to RBCs and this binding was not affected
      by the presence of complement. We conclude that minute amounts of IgA-IC are
      bound to RBCs by a complement- and Fc receptor-independent mechanism. The
      quantity of IgA-IC associated with RBC is so small that it is unlikely to
      represent an important in vivo route of IgA-IC transport or processing.

PMID- 3383451
TI  - The defect of lymphocyte locomotion in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: studies of
      polarization and growth-dependent locomotion.
AB  - This paper reports a study of the locomotor behaviour of the lymphocytes from 17
      patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The cells were studied both
      immediately after separation from blood and after culture for 24 to 48 h with a
      range of growth activators. Cells direct from blood were tested for polarization
      in fetal calf serum (FCS 20%), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA 10(-7)M) and
      colchicine (10(-5)M). The polarization of lymphocytes from CLL patients with high
      white cell (WBC) counts (greater than 10 X 10(9)/litre) was very poor in FCS and
      PMA, though the cells from about half of these patients responded well to
      colchicine. The response of cells from patients with low white cell counts was
      the same as that of controls. The growth activators, PHA (1 micrograms/ml), anti
      CD3 antibody (OKT3 2.5 ng/ml), Cowan strain Staphylococcus aureus (SAC; 1.5 X
      10(7)/ml) and PMA (10(-8)M) induced an increase in the proportion of locomotor
      lymphocytes from controls and from CLL patients with low white cell counts during
      24 h of culture. Cells from patients with high white cell counts showed very
      little increase in locomotor forms in any activator including PMA and the B cell
      mitogen SAC. This defect was seen in both polarization assays and collagen gel
      invasion assays. The findings suggest that CLL lymphocytes have a defect of
      locomotion demonstrable at two levels: (a) the cells fail to respond by
      polarizing immediately upon stimulation; colchicine treatment reverses this
      defect in some cases; (b) they also fail to acquire locomotor capacity during
      culture with activators of growth.

PMID- 3383453
TI  - Association between the degree of thymic dysplasia and the kinetics of thymic NK
      cell activity during the graft-versus-host reaction.
AB  - In this study, by employing different cell doses and parent into F1 hybrid
      combinations, we have investigated the relationship between the severity of
      thymic medullary dysplasia and the kinetics of thymic natural killer (NK) cell
      activity after the induction of graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions. GVH reactions
      were induced by injecting different doses (30, 20, 10 X 10(6] of C57BL/6 (B6) of
      A parental lymphoid cells (PLC) into non-X-irradiated adult B6xAF1 (B6AF1) mice.
      On different days after the induction of GVH reactions, the thymuses were
      examined histologically and thymocyte NK cell activity was tested by using YAC
      targets. Our results show that, depending upon the genotype and dose of PLC
      injected, various degrees of thymic medullary dysplasia (mild, moderate, or
      severe) can be induced. Furthermore, severe to moderate thymic medullary
      dysplasia is observed only in those groups of GVH-reactive mice in which thymic
      NK cell activity occurs early and increases rapidly. In contrast, when mild
      thymic medullary dysplasia or no thymic alterations was observed, thymic NK cell
      activity peaked later and was of lower intensity than that of the groups with
      moderate to severe lesions. These results suggest an association between the
      degree of thymic medullary dysplasia and the kinetics of NK cell activity in the
      thymus. Furthermore, the different degrees of thymic medullary dysplasia as
      described here may serve as a powerful tool to study the role of thymic medullary
      dysplasia in determining the duration of T-cell immunodeficiency associated with
      the GVH reactions.

PMID- 3383455
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of coat-color patterns in artificially produced chimeras
      of the mouse by means of a microcomputer-based video-image analysis system.
AB  - The possible application of microcomputer-based video-image analysis systems for
      the quantitative description of coat-color patterns in artificially produced
      chimeras and genetic mosaics of mice was investigated using a program developed
      by the author. This system is capable of extracting, from sampled images of
      pelts, the morphometric image features as defined by Pratt [1978] that are
      essential to the quantitative description of coat-color patterns in these
      animals. It does so with reasonable accuracy and speed and at low cost. No
      description of any similar system has been published in the literature.
      Performance of our system is described using C3H/HeJ----BALB/c chimeras as
      examples. The complex phenotypic expression of hair pigmentation in mice makes
      the use of a video-image analysis system like this one essential to evaluate the
      morphometric parameters of the patterns (e.g., the mixing ratios between the two
      components, the number of different-colored stripes, etc.) more precisely and
      reproducibly than has been done yet in the literature. The results indicate that
      the number of melanoblast clones in mice, as estimated from the number of minimal
      recognizable stripes (MRS), might be considerably larger than previously
      indicated; the figure presently obtained, i.e., 22.3 +/- 2.16 unilaterally in
      terms of the hypothetical maximum number of stripes (HMNS) (28.73 +/- 1.55, after
      correction for the random clumping) in the thoracicolumbar region of the mouse
      closely approximates the number of the somites in that region. Concerning the
      degree of mixing between the two components, it was proposed that the unmixed
      portion of the components derived from one strain increases in proportion to the
      second power of the increase in the relative total content of the same
      components. Work is in progress in our laboratory to analyze a large number of
      the chimeric pelts using the system described in this paper.

PMID- 3383454
TI  - Age-dependent variation for inducibility of metallothionein genes in mouse liver
      by cadmium.
AB  - Cadmium is a toxic metal that induces the expression of metallothionein genes in
      many tissues and that binds avidly to metallothionein, a soluble transition metal
      binding protein. The present study examined the temporal pattern and magnitude of
      accumulation of metallothionein mRNA in liver of C57BL/6J mice of various ages
      treated with cadmium. In adult female mice, accumulation was dependent on the
      dosage level of cadmium and related to the concentration of this metal in liver.
      The accumulation of metallothionein mRNA in liver depended on age at exposure to
      cadmium. Intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg of cadmium per kg provoked small
      increases (two- to threefold) in levels of metallothionein mRNA in livers of 7-
      and 14-day-old mice. In contrast, cadmium treatment of 28- and 56-day-old mice
      resulted in 12- to 19-fold increases in levels of metallothionein mRNA in liver
      with maximum increases occurring 3 to 4 hr after treatment. Because similar
      patterns for the accumulation of cadmium of liver were found in 7-, 28-, and 56
      day-old mice, observed age-dependent differences in induction of metallothionein
      mRNA in liver were probably not due to differences in the accumulation of cadmium
      in this organ. Taken together, these data suggest that tissue-specific factors
      controlling the expression of metallothionein genes may account for developmental
      variation in the inducibility of these genes by cadmium. Ontogenic variation in
      accumulation of metallothionein mRNA after cadmium treatment may be a factor in
      developmental variation in the acute lethality of cadmium in C57BL/6J mice.

PMID- 3383456
TI  - Sources of information for occupational dermatology.
AB  - It is a virtual certainty that the dermatologist will be called upon routinely to
      evaluate illness caused by occupational factors. Unfortunately, few are prepared
      adequately during formal training to care for the worker-patient. Reliance on
      crisis-oriented treatment(s) is frequently insufficient to manage this type of
      skin disease. One remedy for this problem is simply to read the literature; even
      limited acquaintance with the occupational health literature should begin to
      clarify the unique aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Consulting a single
      occupational dermatology reference will often lead to critical insights about an
      industrial setting, extracutaneous disease manifestations, toxicology, and
      preventive methods. Perhaps less obvious, this knowledge is essential to
      recognize and effectively support claims for workers' compensation, claims that
      may be the only means of redress for the tragic socioeconomic difficulties
      befalling those who are occupationally impaired. Bibliographic citations in this
      paper offer a stepwise approach to the literature and identify the important
      sources applicable to dermatology.

PMID- 3383457
TI  - The dermatologist and the right to know.
AB  - Recently the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration has
      promulgated a Hazard Communication Standard, as have many states and local
      governments. Regulations give physicians access to Material Safety Data Sheets
      and also to trade-secret information regarding chemical substances that their
      patients may come into contact with at work. This article describes how to access
      and interpret this information.

PMID- 3383458
TI  - Post-traumatic eczema.
AB  - Thirteen cases of eczema that followed acute cutaneous trauma were observed. On
      the basis of the present case series, the following conclusions may be drawn: 1.
      Cutaneous trauma may precipitate eczema. 2. The trauma is sufficient to cause
      obvious tissue damage accompanied by an inflammatory or regenerative response. 3.
      Eczema usually begins within a few weeks of acute injury at the site of the
      cutaneous trauma. 4. Eczema may occur as an isolated idiopathic reaction or as an
      isomorphic reaction either preceding or following the appearance of an endogenous
      eczematous condition in nontraumatized skin. 5. Individual lesions of post
      traumatic eczema may persist or recur for long periods of time. 6. The occurrence
      of post-traumatic eczema following occupational injury has important medicolegal
      implications.

PMID- 3383459
TI  - Hydrofluoric acid burns.
AB  - Hydrofluoric acid burns create unique problems that require specialized treatment
      to prevent serious sequelae. The most important factors to remember are the delay
      in the onset of signs and symptoms related to concentration of acid and the
      penetration and destruction of tissues by fluoride ions, which bind calcium and
      magnesium cations with subsequent serious systemic effects. In this article, an
      attempt has been made to describe these factors and to offer recommended
      treatment protocols which, if appropriately applied, can offset the destructive
      nature of HF burns. Several methods of treatment have been offered, and it is
      recommended that one or more be used according to circumstances. The most
      important initial point in treatment is the recognition that an HF burn has
      occurred. Then, with a clear understanding of the mechanisms of injury, one can
      properly manage such a burn. It is hoped that this report will assist the
      practitioner in dealing with this potential serious and complex problem.

PMID- 3383460
TI  - Distinction between proximal and distal regulations of sodium and potassium
      excretion in humans.
AB  - The clearances of creatinine (CCr), lithium (CLi), sodium (CNa), and potassium
      (CK) were determined during three consecutive 2-hour periods in a large number of
      physically healthy persons who were in lithium treatment for manic-depressive
      illness. CLi was used as a measure of the proximal tubular fluid output (Vprox).
      CLi showed considerable spontaneous variations from one 2-hour period to another,
      and neither bladder emptying errors nor changes of CCr could account for these.
      The variations of CLi, which reflected variations of Vprox, resulted in joint
      variations of CNa and CK. Also the ratios CNa/CLi and CK/CLi, which reflected the
      distal handling of sodium and potassium, showed considerable spontaneous
      variations. These were correlated neither with each other nor with variations of
      CLi. Our study indicates that through the use of CLi as a measure of Vprox it is
      possible to distinguish between a single joint proximal regulation and two
      separate distal regulations of sodium and potassium excretion. Further studies
      concerning the interplay between proximal and distal regulations under normal and
      pathological conditions may provide deeper insight into the way in which the
      kidney functions.

PMID- 3383461
TI  - Effects of acetate during regular hemodialysis.
AB  - The utilization of acetate and its effects on acid-base balance and on free fatty
      acid metabolism were investigated during regular hemodialysis (HD). Fourteen
      patients with chronic renal failure were studied during two successive dialysis
      treatments for which either acetate or bicarbonate were used as a buffer anion in
      the dialysate. In the acetate studies the mean plasma acetate concentration in
      the arterial line rose from 0.16 mM to 4.67 mM, while it rose from 0.17 mM to
      0.62 mM during bicarbonate dialysis. There was a linear relationship between
      acetate utilization and the acetate concentration in the venous line. The
      increase of the blood pH during bicarbonate HD was due to an immediate increase
      of HCO3, whereas acetate caused a smaller HCO3 rise and a pronounced fall of the
      pCO2. The heart rate was higher during acetate than during bicarbonate HD. During
      both types of dialysis there was a twofold rise of total FFA as well as the
      individual fatty acids palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate, stearate and linoleate
      which was of similar magnitude when acetate or bicarbonate were used. The
      postulated antilipolytic effect of the short-chain fatty acid acetate could not
      be demonstrated under the circumstances of routine hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis
      dopamine was elevated in 7 of the 11 patients and remained high during both types
      of HD; other hormones were normal during acetate and bicarbonate HD.

PMID- 3383462
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal fosfomycin in continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Kinetics of fosfomycin were investigated in six patients undergoing continuous
      ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each subject received both an i.v. and an i.p. 1
      g dose of fosfomycin with a one week washout between doses. Fosfomycin was
      assayed by a microbiological diffusion technique. After intravenous injection the
      fosfomycin serum kinetic parameters were as followed: elimination half-life (t1/2
      beta) 38.4 +/- 8.7 h; volume of distribution 0.32 +/- 0.02 l/kg; total plasma
      clearance 7.0 +/- 1.4 ml/min and peritoneal clearance 3.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min.
      Dialyzate fosfomycin concentrations reached a maximum mean value of 32.2 +/- 2.8
      micrograms/ml at 4 h post-injection and fosfomycin was detectable in dialyzate
      samples for up to 72 hours post-dosing. After intraperitoneal instillation,
      fosfomycin appeared in the serum rapidly and the mean peak plasma concentration
      was 36.2 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml at the 4th h. The absorption rate (ka) was 0.580
      +/- 0.039 h-1 and the absorption of fosfomycin from peritoneal space was 68.4 +/-
      6.0%. These data suggest a bidirectional exchange through the peritoneal
      membrane. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 g either 48 h apart for anephric
      patients or 36 h apart for patients with residual renal function may achieve
      therapeutic serum concentrations.

PMID- 3383463
TI  - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma with unique localization in the kidneys presenting with
      acute renal failure.
AB  - An unusual case of acute renal failure due to infiltration of the kidneys by non
      Hodgkin lymphoma is described. The diagnosis was made by renal biopsy. Extensive
      clinical, laboratory, and radiological examination revealed that the kidneys were
      the only localization of the lymphoma.

PMID- 3383464
TI  - Prediction of rupture in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3383465
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid creatine kinase isoenzyme BB levels do not predict the
      clinical outcome in patients unconscious following cardiac resuscitation.

PMID- 3383467
TI  - Short- and long-term prognostic importance of complete bundle-branch block
      complicating acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Among 1013 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 104 (10%)
      developed complete bundle-branch block (BBB). The clinical characteristics and
      the short- and long-term prognosis were similar in the 53 patients with right and
      the 51 patients with left BBB. Compared to the 909 patients without this
      conduction disturbance, these 104 patients were older (64 +/- 9 vs. 58 +/- 10
      years, p less than 0.001), more frequently women (26 vs. 17%, p less than 0.05),
      had a larger infarct (peak CK 1672 +/- 1124 vs. 1356 +/- 1089 IU/l, p less than
      0.001), more frequently anterior (60 vs. 37%, p less than 0.001). They had a
      higher incidence of Killip class greater than 1 (63 vs. 38%, p less than 0.001),
      pericarditis (40 vs. 23%, p less than 0.001), atrial fibrillation or flutter (22
      vs. 12%, p less than 0.01), ventricular fibrillation (15 vs. 9%, p less than
      0.05), and atrioventricular block (23 vs. 11%, p less than 0.001). Both hospital
      mortality (32 vs 10%, p less than 0.001) and 3-year posthospital mortality (37
      vs. 18%, p less than 0.001) were much higher among patients with complete BBB.
      Transient BBB had the same deleterious prognosis as BBB persistent at discharge
      (mortality 33 vs. 39%, NS). The prognostic importance of BBB was more prominent
      during the first 6 months after infarction (mortality between 6 and 36 months:
      18% with BBB vs. 11% without BBB, NS).

PMID- 3383466
TI  - Detection of myocardial reperfusion by analysis of serum creatine kinase
      isoforms.
AB  - Serum creatine kinase (CK) MM isoforms were determined by chromatofocusing in 22
      patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing intracoronary thrombolysis.
      In 13 patients with successful coronary recanalization within 3.6 +/- 1.0 (SD) h
      after onset, time to peak CK activity occurred 13 +/- 3 h after onset which was
      significantly shorter (p less than 0.01) than that in 9 patients without coronary
      recanalization (20 +/- 4 h). The proportion of CK MM-A, the myocardial isoform,
      in serum in the reperfused group at 6, 10, and 14 h after onset (53 +/- 9, 38 +/-
      5, and 27 +/- 4%, respectively) was always significantly lower (p less than 0.01)
      than that in the nonreperfused group (69 +/- 7, 59 +/- 8, and 43 +/- 4%). During
      the same period, the proportions of CK MM-B and CK MM-C, the converted isoforms
      derived intravascularly from MM-A by circulating carboxypeptidase, in the
      reperfused group were always significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than those
      in the nonreperfused group. The ratios of MM-A% to MM-B% and MM-A% to MM-C%
      amplified the differences between the two groups. At 10 h after onset, these
      ratios clearly differentiated the reperfused and the nonreperfused group at the
      values of 1.0 (MM-A/MM-B) and 3.0 (MM-A/MM-C) with the diagnostic sensitivity of
      85% and 92%, respectively. Thus, myocardial reperfusion was detectable
      noninvasively by analysis of serum CK MM isoforms during the early stage of acute
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 3383468
TI  - Effect of aging on Doppler echocardiographic filling parameters in normal
      subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - This study was performed investigate and to investigate the influence of age on
      left ventricular diastolic filling parameters, as assessed by pulsed Doppler
      echocardiography. The study population consisted of 67 normal healthy subjects
      (Group I, age 15-66 years) and 117 patients (Group II, age 24-79 years), with
      angiographically proven coronary artery disease. Transmitral flow velocities were
      obtained by pulsed Doppler measurements at the level of the mitral annulus. Peak
      early and late diastolic filling velocities as well as integrated velocities
      during early and late filling phases were investigated for their relation to
      aging and a possible alteration with coronary artery disease. In normal subjects,
      a reduction of early filling velocities and a compensatory increase in late
      filling velocities were found with increasing age. In patients with coronary
      artery disease, however, there was no significant correlation of filling
      parameters with age. In addition, a comparison of filling parameters between age
      matched normals and patients with coronary artery disease showed a further
      reduction of the contribution of early filling in patients with coronary artery
      disease. Thus, factors other than age may influence left ventricular diastolic
      filling behavior in patients with coronary artery disease. This can be
      demonstrated noninvasively using pulsed Doppler technique.

PMID- 3383469
TI  - Rate-responsive pacing with a pacemaker that detects respiratory rate (Biorate):
      clinical advantages and complications.
AB  - The respiratory-dependent pacemaker (RDP3 or MB-1, Biorate, Biotec International,
      S.p.A., Bologna, Italy) detects the respiratory rate by measuring thoracic
      impedance using a subcutaneous auxiliary lead. The sensed respiratory rate is
      used to determine the pacing rate response. This pacemaker had been implanted in
      9 patients with a mean age of 58 (range 42-69) years. During symptom-limited
      treadmill exercise, rate-modulated pacing resulted in a significant increase in
      pacing rate (mean +/- SD, 124 +/- 10 vs. 71 +/- 3 beats/min p less than 0.001)
      and exercise capacity (343 +/- 147 vs. 463 +/- 120 s, p less than 0.05) compared
      to those achieved with constant rate ventricular pacing. Brief treadmill exercise
      tests showed appropriate rate response to increased walking speed and gradient.
      However, rate response was modified by arm swinging-induced motion artefact which
      affected the measured "impedance." Complications observed on follow-up included
      perforation of the auxiliary lead in 2 patients and symptomatic myopotential
      interference in 3 patients with the RDP3 pacemaker, all of whom required unit
      replacement. It is concluded that although the respiratory-dependent pacemaker
      can confer physiological benefit in patients with bradycardia, myopotential
      interference (largely overcome by the new version MB-1 with programmable
      sensitivity) and the auxiliary lead can be problematic in some patients.

PMID- 3383470
TI  - Nisoldipine: a replacement therapy for nifedipine in the treatment of severe
      hypertension.
AB  - The use of nisoldipine (10-20 mg b.i.d.) was evaluated as a replacement therapy
      for long-acting nifedipine (40-120 mg/day) in 21 patients with severe
      hypertension, who were resistant to or intolerant of nifedipine. Except for one
      patient with specific contraindications, all participants received an
      individually determined constant dose of beta blocker throughout the 8-month
      study. Results indicated a significant decrease in blood pressure after four
      weeks of treatment with nisoldipine (173 +/- 5/98 +/- 4 to 156 +/- 3/91 +/- 2
      mmHg, p less than 0.05) without an associated change in pulse rate in 19
      patients; only 5 of the 21 patients showed no further benefit from nisoldipine.
      No significant biochemical changes were noted in any of the patients during the
      study. In three patients, leg edema that had developed as a consequence of
      previous nifedipine therapy resolved completely following nisoldipine
      administration. Two patients withdrew from the study before term because of
      headaches and palpitations. An additional two patients suffered headaches, but
      tolerated the drug and continued the study. One patient suffered from polyuria.
      Nisoldipine appears to be an effective substitute treatment for nifedipine in
      severely hypertensive patients sensitive or resistant to nifedipine.

PMID- 3383471
TI  - Study of the left ventricular function in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) morphological and functional characteristics in 9 women
      suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were studied by means of
      echocardiograms. In order to distinguish which changes depended on the pressure
      values and which were the result of pregnancy, 10 nonpregnant control women with
      no heart disease and 10 normal pregnant women (NP) were studied and the results
      of each of the groups compared. To evaluate the structure, left ventricular
      systodiastolic diameters and wall thickness were measured. The only statistically
      significant difference was in the diastolic diameters between the PIH (4.7 +/-
      0.3 cm) and the control group (4.4 +/- 0.2 cm) p less than 0.01. Left ventricular
      mass was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in the PIH patients (185 +/-
      53.1 g) compared to the NP patients (161 +/- 29.6 g) and the control group (125
      +/- 17.4 g). No statistically significant differences were found in the radius
      thickness ratio in the three groups. The systolic function assessed by the
      shortening percentage was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the control
      group (32.8 +/- 4.4%) and in the NP patients (37.8 +/- 5.2%) than in the PIH
      group (39 +/- 6.5%). Afterload assessed by isovolumic period stress was
      significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the PIH patients (157 +/- 10.6
      dyne/cm2) compared with the NP group (118.9 +/- 7.01 dyne/cm2). There were no
      significant differences between the first group and the control group (134.09 +/-
      8.7 dyne/cm2). As evidence of the diastolic function, analysis was made, on the
      one hand, of diastolic isovolumic period length (DIP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250
      WORDS)

PMID- 3383472
TI  - Clinicopharmacological studies of a newly synthesized cardiotonic agent (TA-064)
      in patients with congestive heart failure.
AB  - In animal experiments, a new inotropic agent, (-)-(R)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(3,4
      dimethoxyphenetyl)amino] ethanol, designated TA-064 was found to possess a more
      positive inotropic than chronotropic action. Its effectiveness and lack of
      significant toxicity make it beneficial for clinical use as a cardiotonic in
      human heart failure. The effects of TA-064 were investigated in patients with
      various types of heart disease (n = 29). Cardiac output increased, left
      ventricular end-systolic dimension decreased, and left ventricular fractional
      shortening increased for 15 minutes after a single intravenous dose (1 mg). The
      plasma level of TA-064 at the cessation of infusion was 61.1 +/- 49.6 ng/ml and
      thereafter declined biexponentially. After a single oral dose (10 mg), TA-064
      appeared in the plasma at 30 minutes and reached its peak levels of 13.7 +/- 5.6
      ng/ml at 60 minutes. Seven hours later, the plasma level was 5.9 +/- 3.1 ng/ml
      which was considered to be within the effective range according to the results
      after intravenous administration. In conclusion, minimal effective plasma levels
      of TA-064 are obtained by oral administration of 10 mg three times a day.

PMID- 3383473
TI  - Myocarditis with multinucleated giant cells detected in biopsy specimens.
AB  - A 42-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of bradycardia
      with a complete atrioventricular block. Her pulse was 41 regular beats/min with
      blood pressure 166/92 mmHg. There were no skin lesions, edema, or
      lymphadenopathy. The white blood cell count was 6300/mm3. The serum glutamic
      oxaloacetic transaminase was 21 IU and creatine phosphokinase was 34 IU. C
      reactive protein was negative. The level of serum angiotensin converting enzyme
      was slightly increased at 25.8 IU/l/37.0 degrees C (normal range: 7-24.0). Chest
      radiography showed congestive heart failure with a cardiothoracic ratio of 54%.
      There was no bilateral lymphadenopathy or fibrous changes during her clinical
      course. The coronary arteries were completely normal angiographically. Left
      ventriculograms revealed slight hypokinesis and dilatation (end-diastolic volume
      index of 112 ml/m2, ejection fraction of 53%). Left ventricular end-diastolic
      pressure was slightly abnormal at 16 mmHg. Two right and two left ventricular
      endomyocardial biopsies were performed. Right ventricular biopsy demonstrated
      edematous tissue and a slight mononuclear cell infiltration with little fibrosis.
      Left ventricular specimens showed an extensive area of fibrosis, with large,
      multinucleated giant cells with an asteroid body and chronic inflammation without
      epithelioid cells. The less affected areas of another specimen showed mild
      interstitial fibrosis and degenerative myocytes with vacuolation, and some
      multinucleated myocytes without an asteroid body were present. This case was
      diagnosed as cardiac sarcoidosis rather than idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.
      The patient has been implanted with a permanent pacemaker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383475
TI  - "A-wave" liver.
AB  - The finding and timing of hepatic pulsations can provide important information
      regarding the status of right heart structures and function. We report a 54-year
      old woman with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, who had prominent hepatic
      presystolic pulsations ("A-wave" liver). The clinical findings and the venous and
      hepatic pulse recordings are presented and discussed in terms of clinical
      pathophysiology and significance.

PMID- 3383474
TI  - Familial case of permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia: possible
      role of the HLA system.
AB  - The permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is a very rare
      arrhythmia with the following clinical and electrocardiographic findings: (1) it
      occurs predominantly in infants and children; (2) it is almost incessant and
      refractory to pharmacological therapy; (3) the onset is commonly related to a
      critical shortening of the P-P cycle length without P-R prolongation; (4) during
      tachycardia the ECG shows an R-P longer than P-R interval, with a negative P wave
      in leads II, III, aVF. Recently, the anatomic and electrophysiological
      characteristics underlying PJRT have been identified: there is an accessory
      pathway of working myocardium with decremental properties, located in the
      posterior pyramidal space. A case of familial PJRT is reported: the arrhythmia
      has been documented in a 72-year-old female and in her 16-year-old grandson.
      Several triggering tachycardia mechanisms have been observed. Tachycardia was
      almost incessant and the heart rates were 115 and 135 beats/min, respectively.
      Typing according to the HLA system, performed in all members of the family,
      demonstrated the Bw41 antigen in both our patients as well as in the boy's
      paternal uncle. This is the first documented familial case of PJRT, but the
      possible significance and correlation with the Bw41 antigen should be further
      investigated.

PMID- 3383476
TI  - 65th annual meeting: Canadian Paediatric Society. July 2-6, 1988, Calgary,
      Alberta. Abstracts.

PMID- 3383477
TI  - Semiconstrained elbow prostheses with special reference to the GSB III
      prosthesis.
AB  - Fully constrained metal-to-metal elbow prostheses are not used anymore because of
      a high loosening rate. Today semiconstrained or condylar prostheses are the two
      possibilities when replacement of a destroyed elbow joint is considered. A
      careful analysis of the most recent publications in the world literature reveals
      a high complication rate for both types of prostheses, each one having specific
      advantages and disadvantages. The Gschwend-Scheier-Bahler (GSB) III prosthesis is
      a semiconstrained prosthesis, requires little bone resection, and is therefore
      easily salvaged. The results in regard to pain relief and improvement in range of
      motion are satisfactory in a high percentage of patients. The rate of lasting
      complications is lower than with most of the other prostheses. The authors'
      transtricipital approach is also a factor that contributes to the high success
      rate. In case of a failed arthroplasty the authors' method of reconstructing the
      humeral condyles allows a better salvage.

PMID- 3383478
TI  - The relationship between evaluation, learning, teaching in orthopaedic surgery.
      Presidential guest lecture.

PMID- 3383479
TI  - Muscle in hallux valgus.
AB  - Muscle imbalance is cited widely as a major factor in the production of hallux
      valgus deformity. The authors, therefore, performed muscle biopsies in 57
      patients (53 women and four men; average age, 45.3 years) to examine the
      histology and ultrastructure of the intrinsic muscles about the great toe. The
      biopsy study was correlated with gait analysis. In 53 biopsy specimens the
      muscles were found to be histologically abnormal, presenting myogenic and
      neurogenic alterations. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination showed enlarged
      mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions in 31 of the 57 cases. Gait analysis
      showed an abnormal rollover pattern in 70% of the gait cycles examined in 19
      symptomatic hallux valgus patients (18 women and one man), while in 19
      asymptomatic volunteers (16 women and three men) 80% of the cycles examined were
      normal. The surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of the intrinsic muscles
      also was abnormal in the patient group when compared with the volunteer group;
      five different patterns of electrical activity were found. These findings may be
      interpreted as a result of chronic ischemia caused by the elevated pressure
      occurring within the foot during gait.

PMID- 3383480
TI  - CT evaluation of coverage and congruency of the hip prior to osteotomy.
AB  - A computer-assisted model has been developed to improve the results of surgical
      techniques for reconstruction of hip dysplasia. This method assesses the coverage
      and congruency of the femoral head by evaluating multiple factors that may
      influence surgical planning. It achieves a more reliable image because the
      measurements are based on a three-dimensional representation, and attention is
      focused on the cartilaginous coverage of the femoral head. A method to simulate
      the operative correction helps the surgeon in planning osteotomies of the femur
      and pelvis. This technique clearly establishes both deficiencies of coverage and
      congruency of pathologic hips and thus may be used to create a more precise
      definition and treatment of multiple congenital abnormalities.

PMID- 3383481
TI  - Avulsion of the hamstring muscles from the ischial tuberosity. A report of two
      cases.
AB  - In two rare cases with avulsion of the hamstring muscles from the ischial
      tuberosity without fracture of the ischium, the clinical features were: (1)
      sudden onset of pain in the buttock; (2) difficulty on standing after trauma; (3)
      a palpable defect and tenderness on the area distal from the ischial tuberosity;
      and (4) weakness of flexion of the knee with a loss of normal outline of the
      hamstring muscles on the dorsal aspect of the knee. There was no roentgenologic
      evidence of fracture of the ischium. Surgical repair with reattachment of avulsed
      muscles to the ischium and proximal tendinous sheaths of the muscles restored
      function or corrected deformity.

PMID- 3383482
TI  - Fracture of a metal-backed acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty. A case
      report.
AB  - Metal-backed acetabular components offer the advantage of a lower incidence of
      loosening. The case of a 33-year-old man emphasizes the potential problem of
      fracture of both the polyethylene and metal-backed structures. Although this case
      report may represent an unusual and infrequent occurrence, it emphasizes a
      potential failure mode for acetabular components with metal backing. While
      fracture of the polyethylene has been previously reported, little thought has
      been given to the further potential of fracture of metal-backed support. The
      clinical profile as well as the roentgenographic appearance of such a phenomenon
      is presented for further sophistication of the surgeon when dealing in the
      challenging area of hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 3383483
TI  - The Maquet procedure. A retrospective review.
AB  - A retrospective review of 20 patients (21 knees) treated by a Maquet tibial
      tubercle elevation between 1981 and 1985 was conducted with a minimum follow-up
      period of one year. The mean follow-up period was 29 months. Seventeen patients
      responded to a questionnaire designed to assess their subjective and functional
      result, with 12 patients also available for follow-up examination. There were
      eight complications. The final results from the procedure were not affected by
      the duration of preoperative symptoms, the number or type of previous surgical
      procedures, the magnitude of preoperative patellofemoral crepitation, or the
      degree of chondral surface degeneration. Patients under the age of 35 years and
      those with a history of patella dislocation were less satisfied with the
      operation than the other patients, but the difference was not statistically
      significant. Satisfactory results were observed most frequently in the male
      patients, those with a Q angle less than 20 degrees, and others in whom no form
      of internal fixation was used, and those patients with a follow-up period of less
      than three years. The use of internal fixation was associated with a striking
      increase in the incidence of complications.

PMID- 3383484
TI  - Ten-year evaluation of geometric total knee arthroplasty.
AB  - One hundred ninety-three geometric total knee arthroplasties (TKA) were performed
      between 1972 and 1975 in 129 patients (66 women, 63 men; mean age, 69 years) with
      osteoarthritis. Of these, 102 knees were followed for a mean of 11 years. Eighty
      three percent of the patients had mild or no pain. The revision rate was 20%, and
      the surgical complication rate was 12%. By actuarial analysis, the probability of
      retaining a geometric prosthesis at 10 years was 78%. With revision or moderate
      to severe pain as the end point, the predicted implant survival was 69% at 10
      years. Lucent lines greater than 1 mm were present in 38% of the knees and
      progressed in 34%; they were more frequent in knees with greater than or equal to
      3 degrees of varus axial alignment (p less than 0.05) or greater than or equal to
      4 degrees of varus placement of the tibial component (p less than 0.05). The
      geometric prosthesis has provided a functional result in 69% of knees at 10
      years, despite being the first two-part component knee replacement retaining the
      cruciate ligaments and using early surgical instrumentation and implant design.

PMID- 3383485
TI  - Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A prospective consecutive series followed for
      six to 11 years.
AB  - A consecutive prospective series of 102 knees (90 patients) had unicompartmental
      knee arthroplasty (St. Georg "sledge") between 1973 and 1979 for gonarthrosis,
      Stages 2-4. Total clinical and roentgenographical evaluation was undertaken after
      5-11 years (mean, 8.1 years) and included all 75 surviving patients. Fully
      comparable results were encountered in the 15 patients who died during the
      observation period. There were no early revisions but five late revisions; two
      due to loosening, one late infection, one instability, and one intractable pain.
      Complete loosening occurred in four patients (4%). Functional score (Hospital for
      Special Surgery method) averaged 77 points (preoperative, 43) with no tendency of
      deterioration with time. Loss of initially achieved alignment was generally
      associated with bone resorption around the tibial component. Minor arthrotic
      changes of the non-operated compartment occurred in 4% of the cases.

PMID- 3383486
TI  - Ipsilateral diaphyseal femur fractures and knee ligament injuries.
AB  - Three hundred and nine consecutive patients with 320 diaphyseal femur fractures
      were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of ligament injury in
      the ipsilateral knee. Ligamentous injuries were diagnosed if serious (Grades II
      and III) instability was apparent on admission, found at surgery for femoral
      stabilization, or disclosed on roentgenograms during closed management. Seventeen
      patients with unilateral shaft fractures of the femur had ipsilateral knee
      ligament injuries, or 5.3%. There was no relationship between specific ligament
      damage and the cause of the injury or level of fracture. Twelve patients were
      followed for an average of 34 months. Five patients lacked full extension and ten
      lacked full flexion. Two of seven patients with ligament repair and three of five
      patients without ligament repair had at least one unstable ligament. Better range
      of knee motion was obtained when both the femur and ligament injuries were
      surgically managed, but most (seven of 12) patients were disabled.

PMID- 3383487
TI  - The long-term follow-up of ipsilateral tibial and femoral diaphyseal fractures.
AB  - Twenty-nine of 45 patients who had ipsilateral femoral and tibial shaft fractures
      were evaluated clinically and roentgenographically to correlate treatment method
      with bony alignment and functional outcome. The results included: (1) limitation
      of sports activities in patients whose knee ligaments were injured, followed by
      both instability and thigh atrophy; (2) a direct relationship between the
      postunion malalignment of the tibia and ankle motion; and (3) a high rate of life
      threatening complications (thromboembolic, pneumonia, death) and a slower rate of
      tibial union associated with treatment by closed methods.

PMID- 3383488
TI  - World's First orthopedic institution.

PMID- 3383489
TI  - Subcapital fracture of the hip following an intertrochanteric fracture. A case
      report and literature review.
AB  - A 42-year-old alcoholic man who had a normal femoral head histologically incurred
      a subcapital fracture four months after surgical treatment of an
      intertrochanteric fracture of the same hip. Subcapital fracture of the hip
      following intertrochanteric fracture is an unusual occurrence, with possibly as
      few as 11 cases documented in the literature. Affected persons are usually
      elderly females with severe osteoporosis. Though unusual, the fracture is obvious
      and not difficult to treat.

PMID- 3383490
TI  - Stress analyses of glenoid component designs.
AB  - Metal backing of glenoid components for total shoulder replacements and the use
      of bony ingrowth surfaces on these components have recently been introduced. In
      this study, finite element analyses were performed to determine the stress fields
      in the natural glenoid and to calculate the change in bone stresses after
      implantation of glenoid components of various designs. The effects of metal
      backing, keel geometry, and superior constraint on bone stresses indicate that
      stress distributions on the natural glenoid corresponded to bone morphology.
      Metal-backing the glenoid component may cause slight improvement in stress
      transfer to cortical bone. Altered fin geometry better stabilized the glenoid
      component. Superior restraints on the component intending to prevent subluxation
      increase stresses and may cause earlier loosening than encountered with
      unconstrained components.

PMID- 3383491
TI  - A new periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasias. Technique and
      preliminary results.
AB  - A new periacetabular osteotomy of the pelvis has been used for the treatment of
      residual hip dysplasias in adolescents and adults. The identification of the
      joint capsule is performed through a Smith-Petersen approach, which also permits
      all osteotomies to be performed about the acetabulum. This osteotomy does not
      change the diameter of the true pelvis, but allows an extensive acetabular
      reorientation including medial and lateral displacement. Preparations and
      injections of the vessels of the hip joint on cadavers have shown that the
      osteotomized fragment perfusion after correction is sufficient. Because the
      posterior pillar stays mechanically intact the acetabular fragment can be
      stabilized sufficiently using two screws. This stability allows patients to
      partially bear weight after osteotomy without immobilization. Since 1984, 75
      periacetabular osteotomies of the hip have been performed. The corrections are 31
      degrees for the vertical center-edge (VCE) angle of Wiberg and 26 degrees for the
      corresponding angle of Lequesne and de Seze in the sagittal plane. Complications
      have included two intraarticular osteotomies, a femoral nerve palsy that
      resolved, one nonunion, and ectopic bone formation in four patients prior to the
      prophylactic use of indomethacin. Thirteen patients required screw removal. There
      was no evidence of vascular impairment of the osteotomized fragment.

PMID- 3383492
TI  - Long-term clinical observations and venous functional abnormalities after
      asymptomatic venous thrombosis following total hip or knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The long-term clinical and physiological sequelae of venographically diagnosed,
      asymptomatic postoperative venous thrombosis were studied in a group of 51
      patients following total hip or total knee arthroplasty. After a mean follow-up
      period of 49.7 months, the patients were recalled for interview, physical
      examination, air plethysmography (APG), and photoplethysmography (PPG). At the
      time of follow-up examination, legs with prior postoperative venous thrombosis
      were not more likely to have clinical findings of deep venous insufficiency than
      legs with a negative venogram. Abnormal venous emptying, as measured by APG, was
      significantly correlated (p less than 0.005) with postoperative venous thrombosis
      and was found in patients with both proximal and calf vein thrombi, but was not
      clearly associated with symptoms. There was, however, a significant correlation
      (p less than 0.0005) between clinical findings of venous insufficiency and
      incompetent valves, as reflected by rapid refilling time after exercise shown by
      PPG. The findings indicate that asymptomatic postoperative venous thrombosis
      involving calf or proximal veins can lead to abnormal vein function, but is not
      closely correlated with later development of symptoms. These observations also
      suggest that symptomatic venous insufficiency is more closely associated with
      calf vein valve incompetence than with proximal vein obstruction.

PMID- 3383493
TI  - Subperiosteal hemangioma. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Subperiosteal hemangioma (SPH), an exceptionally rare lesion, was diagnosed in a
      68-year-old man. SPH is usually small and is most commonly located in the
      midshaft of a long tubular bone such as the tibia or fibula. A wide range of age
      groups is affected. SPH may present with mild pain or local swelling unassociated
      with trauma. Radiologically, it usually appears as a shallow cup-shaped
      depression surrounded by cortical thickening. Several other periosteal and
      intracortical lesions must be considered in the differential diagnosis, but the
      final diagnosis rests on microscopic evaluation. The treatment of SPH is marginal
      excision; local recurrences have not been reported after such treatment.

PMID- 3383494
TI  - Defective association between collagen fibrils and proteoglycans in fragile bone
      of osteogenesis imperfecta.
AB  - The relationship between collagen fibrils and proteoglycans in the bone matrices
      of three osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients was observed ultrastructurally to
      clarify the mechanism responsible for pronounced bony fragility. Collagen fibrils
      and noncollagenous components were prepared from the bone matrix of patients with
      osteogenesis imperfecta and a control sample, respectively. Compared with the
      control, a 95.2% decrease was found in the number of proteoglycan granules
      periodically associated with the cross-banding of collagen fibrils in one OI
      sample from a patient with severe bony fragility. Extractability of collagen
      fibrils and proteoglycans was high in this sample. However, proteoglycans and
      collagen fibrils could be reattached in vitro to reproduce the condition observed
      in the controls. There was no decrease in the number of proteoglycan granules
      attached to prepared collagen fibrils in a sample from a patient with
      predominantly bowing deformity of bones. Hypothetically, the separation of
      proteoglycans from collagen fibrils in OI may be associated with increased bony
      fragility. In osteogenesis imperfecta patients, the mechanism inducing bowing
      deformity appears to be different from that inducing fragility.

PMID- 3383495
TI  - Effect of immunosuppression on survival and growth of cartilage produced by
      transplanted allogeneic epiphyseal chondrocytes.
AB  - Strong short-term immunosuppression improved survival of cartilage formed by
      transplanted allogeneic epiphyseal chondrocytes in mice. The agents tested were
      cortisone acetate (CA), cyclophosphamide (CY), procarbazine (PCH), and
      antithymocyte serum (ATS). Their effect on syngeneic grafts was examined
      morphologically and histomorphometrically. In untreated recipients, chondrocytes
      formed cartilage nodules that underwent endochondral ossification. Except for
      high repetitive doses of CY, none of the other agents interfered with normal
      cartilage formation. However, all agents affected endochondral ossification. In
      the allogeneic system, the effect of immunosuppression was examined
      morphologically and by evaluation of specific humoral and cellular antigraft
      immunity. Allogeneic chondrocytes evoked a strong immune response in untreated
      mice, and cartilage was gradually destroyed by infiltrating cells. Endochondral
      ossification did not occur in this system. Neither agent given alone exerted a
      marked, long-lasting protective effect upon the graft. However, combined
      treatment with ATS and PCH inhibited immune response and completely prevented
      infiltrate formation and allowed endochondral ossification similar to that in the
      syngeneic control. Although some weak signs of antigraft immunity were seen after
      six weeks, it is possible that they were due to secondary exposure of antigen
      bearing chondrocytes in the course of endochondral ossification.

PMID- 3383497
TI  - Superficial posterior compartment syndrome of the leg with deep venous
      compromise.

PMID- 3383496
TI  - Retrieval analysis of porous-coated components for total knee arthroplasty: a
      report of two cases.

PMID- 3383498
TI  - The use of lumbar extension in the evaluation and treatment of patients with
      acute herniated nucleus pulposus.

PMID- 3383499
TI  - Accurate interpretation of the Lachman test.

PMID- 3383500
TI  - Cost effective and versatile suspension apparatus for shoulder arthroscopy.

PMID- 3383501
TI  - OAK knee evaluation. A new way to assess knee ligament injuries.
AB  - The Orthopadische Arbeitsgruppe Knie (OAK) documentation is based on clinical
      evaluation during functional knee stability testing near extension and near
      flexion. Increased compartmental translations and rotations, which result from
      structural defects because of anatomic lesions in a given knee injury, are
      clinically evaluated. The synopsis of the clinically detectable abnormal knee
      motion is graphically documented. A clinically applicable grading system of the
      true and reversed pivot shift phenomena completes the assessment of compartmental
      knee instability. Important contributing factors such as the constitutional
      laxity, the morphotype, and the range of motion are registered on the
      documentation form. The evaluation form presents four categories that represent
      subjective, objective, and functional criteria reflecting the overall results of
      repaired ligaments. This evaluation format establishes selected criteria to
      compare results from different centers.

PMID- 3383502
TI  - Latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of massive tears of the rotator cuff.
      A preliminary report.
AB  - Symptomatic irrepairable rotator cuff tears usually entail complete loss of the
      substance of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Loss of external
      rotation control and cranial migration of the humeral head on attempted flexion
      or abduction of the shoulder are the functional hallmarks. Transfer of the
      latissimus dorsi tendon from the humeral shaft to the superolateral humeral head
      provides a large, vascularized tendon that can be used to close a massive cuff
      defect and that exerts an external rotation and head-depressing moment that allow
      more effective action of the deltoid muscle. This procedure was carried out in 14
      patients without any significant complications. Pain relief and functional
      results in those four cases with a minimum follow-up period of one year (average,
      14 months) compared favorably with alternative treatment methods and warrant
      further anatomic, electromyographic, and clinical investigation.

PMID- 3383503
TI  - Total posterior vertebrectomy of the thoracic or lumbar spine.
AB  - A total vertebrectomy in the thoracic or lumbar spine via a posterior approach
      can provide optimal neural decompression in certain severely compromised terminal
      patients affected with a malignant metastatic spinal lesion. The
      Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) internal fixator, accompanied by
      methyl methacrylate reconstruction of the anterior vertebral column, provides
      sufficient stabilization so that immediate ambulation with minimal external
      support is possible. This single operative procedure allows reduction of the
      iatrogenic trauma by avoiding an additional anterior exposure. Total posterior
      vertebrectomy has been performed successfully in a total of nine cases in this
      study. In three early cases the spine was stabilized with posterior
      transpedicular plate fixation. The six most recent cases in which the AO internal
      fixator was used have verified the effectiveness of this fixation system. A
      modification of this technique may be applied to certain primary benign or
      malignant spinal lesions by allowing appropriate tumor resection margins and
      anterior corticocancellous bone graft reconstruction.

PMID- 3383504
TI  - Severe spondylolisthesis. Reduction and internal fixation.
AB  - The authors have developed and algorithm for management of spondylolysis and
      spondylolisthesis. Since March 1983, 15 patients with an average age of 20 years
      and with greater than 50% anterior displacement have been treated. The mean
      follow-up period is 24 months. Before surgery the average anterior displacement
      was 72%, the average delta angle at L5-S1 representing kyphosis was 73 degrees,
      and the average lumbar lordosis from L1 to L5 was 64 degrees. An anterior release
      and fusion was combined with a posterior reduction and instrumentation using the
      internal fixator. Correction of the anterior displacement averaged 46%, while the
      kyphosis was corrected a mean of 20 degrees and the lordosis a mean of 12
      degrees. The L4 segment was preserved in 13 cases and the L4-L5 angle was
      improved by a mean of 7 degrees. Postoperative pain and function were improved in
      all cases. Neurologic complications occurred in four patients, three permanent
      and one temporary. Hardware failure occurred in two patients, and reoperation has
      been required in one. Further follow-up evaluation of this technique is required.

PMID- 3383505
TI  - Correction of degenerative scoliosis of the lumbar spine. A preliminary report.
AB  - The use of the spinal internal skeletal fixation system (ISFS), originally
      developed for fracture treatment by Dick for the segmental correction of
      scoliosis, is demonstrated in eight adult degenerative lumbar spinal curves. The
      two main benefits of an intrapedicular screw fixation system, i.e., excellent
      skeletal stabilization and the ability to freely modify individual segmental
      vertebral position, are clearly demonstrated in this instrumentation, which is
      still at the prototype stage. The good preliminary results seen in this series
      encourages the further development of segmental intrapedicular spinal fixation
      systems for the treatment of scoliosis.

PMID- 3383506
TI  - Pressurized cement fixation in total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - In a follow-up study of 108 total hip arthroplasties, the 92% excellent and good
      results after seven to 11 years of implantation are evidence in support of cement
      fixation. The precision of the cementing technique is essential for a high
      percentage of successful results after ten or more years. Restricted reaming,
      brushing and lavage to remove debris, use of high-viscosity cement, and
      pressurization of the cement are of paramount importance.

PMID- 3383507
TI  - Development and first experience with an uncemented press-fit cup.
AB  - A new cup with a new concept of cementless fixation and new coating was designed
      to obtain primary stability by a press-fit mechanism. The press-fit mechanism is
      achieved by flattening the dome of the hemispheric cup and by using a cup size
      with an outer diameter 1.5 mm larger than the reamer used last. The coating
      (Sulmesh) consists of a net shell of four layers of orderly oriented wire meshes
      with specific pore size and porosity volume. The pure titanium wires are bonded
      together. The advantages of the press-fit cup are the excellent adaptation with
      minimal resection and the preservation of the subchondral bone. The preparation
      of the acetabulum is easy (reaming only), no additional fixation by screws is
      necessary, and only a few instruments are needed. The results of 81 total hip
      arthoplasties using the press-fit cup and having an observation period ranging
      from 12 to 24 months show no clinical or roentgenographic loosening. No
      intraoperative or postoperative complications because of the press-fit cup were
      seen.

PMID- 3383508
TI  - [Chronic slowly progressive dysarthria due to posterior fossa dural arteriovenous
      malformation].

PMID- 3383509
TI  - [Cranial X-ray CT and MRI in congenital muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 3383510
TI  - [Five year follow-up study on dementia in the aged population].

PMID- 3383511
TI  - [An autopsy case of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 3383512
TI  - [Plasmapheresis-pulse therapy in myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 3383513
TI  - [Cerebral candidiasis (disseminated microabcess) with periodic synchronous
      discharge on EEG].

PMID- 3383514
TI  - [A case of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike
      episodes (MELAS)--treatment with coenzyme Q10 and idebenone].

PMID- 3383515
TI  - [An autopsy case of acute multiple sclerosis with multifocal low density areas in
      the cerebral white matter on CT scans].

PMID- 3383516
TI  - [Clinical studies of asterixis-like movement seen in a case with cerebellar
      ataxia and reflex myoclonus].

PMID- 3383517
TI  - [Two siblings of familial spastic paraplegia with cutis verticis gyrata and
      mental retardation].

PMID- 3383518
TI  - Cardiac calcification causing arrhythmia detected by technetium-99m MDP and
      SPECT.
AB  - SPECT was used to identify a focal accumulation of cardiac calcification using Tc
      99m MDP in a patient with an arrhythmia and known metastatic calcification
      elsewhere.

PMID- 3383519
TI  - Red blood cell labeling with technetium-99m. Effect of radiopaque contrast
      agents.
AB  - Radiographic contrast agents have been reported in the literature to interfere
      significantly with red blood cell (RBC) labeling in vivo by Tc-99m. Moreover, in
      the presence of contrast agents, red cells have been known to undergo significant
      morphologic changes. These observations led to the current RBC labeling study in
      patients (N = 25) undergoing procedures with the administration of contrast
      media. Before and after contrast administration, blood samples were drawn from
      each patient into vacutainer tubes containing heparin and RBC labeling was
      performed using 1-ml aliquots of these samples following the Brookhaven National
      Laboratory protocol. The differences in average percentage labeling yield with
      and without contrast media were not significant. In vivo labeling in hypertensive
      rats with administration of contrast media up to 600 mg likewise consistently
      gave high labeling yields at all concentrations. Purported alterations in cell
      labeling attributed to contrast agents are not reflected in these studies, and
      other pathophysiologic factors need to be identified to substantiate the previous
      reports. In vitro study offers a potentially useful and simple method to
      delineate effects of various agents on cell labeling.

PMID- 3383520
TI  - Technetium-99m red blood cell labeling in patients treated with doxorubicin.
AB  - Radionuclide angiography is useful in monitoring cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin,
      but in vivo RBC labeling in these patients is believed to be poorer than that in
      general patients. The left ventricle-to-background activity ratio (R) was not
      significantly lower in patients treated with doxorubicin (3.24 +/- 1.15, N = 13)
      than in control patients (3.89 +/- 1.60, N = 14). With both modified in vivo and
      in vitro labeling, R was significantly improved in patients treated with
      doxorubicin (4.37 +/- 0.91, N = 8, and 4.37 +/- 1.22, N = 13, respectively).
      However, with the modified in vivo method, labeling efficiency remained a
      function of hematocrit, whereas the in vitro method removed this dependency. Both
      modified in vivo and in vitro labeling result in improved image quality over in
      vivo labeling in patients treated with doxorubicin, and the choice of method can
      be based on other factors.

PMID- 3383521
TI  - Dual photon absorptiometry. The importance of clinical correlation.
AB  - Dual photon absorptiometry is a reliable method of assessing bone mineral
      density. However, distortions of bony architecture, which may not be evident from
      the low-resolution images provided, can complicate the evaluation and lead to
      misleading findings. A case is presented which describes the importance of
      clinical and radiographic correlation.

PMID- 3383522
TI  - Radionuclide and radiographic demonstration of condensing osteitis of the
      clavicle.
AB  - Radionuclide and radiographic images of a case of condensing osteitis of the
      clavicle are presented. The clinical and radiographic features are discussed
      along with a differential diagnosis of sclerotic lesions of the clavicle.

PMID- 3383523
TI  - Aortic aneurysm dissection causing V/Q mismatch.
AB  - A case of unilateral mismatch on a ventilation/perfusion lung scan due to aortic
      aneurysm dissection is presented. Pulmonary embolism should not be considered the
      sole cause of unilateral lung mismatch. Clinical evaluation and pulmonary
      angiography should be used for a definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 3383524
TI  - Silent myocardial infarction discovered during indium-111 white blood cell
      imaging.

PMID- 3383525
TI  - Laryngeal injury demonstrated by aerosol ventilation imaging.

PMID- 3383526
TI  - Demonstration of a vesicorectal fistula by technetium-99m MDP imaging.

PMID- 3383527
TI  - False-positive iodine-131 whole body scan due to pectus excavatum.

PMID- 3383528
TI  - Inferior vena cava obstruction demonstrated by technetium-99m labeled red blood
      cells.

PMID- 3383529
TI  - Indium-111 labeled leukocyte imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant
      otitis externa.

PMID- 3383531
TI  - Metastatic liver disease visualized in a bone scan.

PMID- 3383532
TI  - Morphine was shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce imaging time in
      the cholescintigraphic evaluation of acute cholecystitis.

PMID- 3383530
TI  - Thallium-201 chloride uptake in a lung tumor during a routine stress thallium
      examination.

PMID- 3383533
TI  - Three-phase radionuclide bone scanning in evaluation of local radiation injury.

PMID- 3383534
TI  - [Effect of in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance tomography on somatosensory and
      visual evoked potentials in the human].
AB  - By means of registration of somatosensory (SSEP) and visual (VEP) evoked
      potentials under the influence of different magnetic and electromagnetic fields
      of Magnetic Resonance we investigated the influence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
      (MRI) on human nervous system (all measurements with an 1.0 T MR imager are
      performed outside and inside the static magnetic field, before and after MR
      imaging). In vivo experiments on 20 healthy volunteers show in SSEP registrations
      as well as in VEP-registrations no measurable influence on nerve conduction. The
      measured latencies before and after MR imaging are found inside the standard
      values which are valid for healthy volunteers. In vivo experiments at field
      strengthens up to 1.0 Tesla show no significant changes of the central and
      peripheral conduction velocity with human beings.

PMID- 3383535
TI  - [High resolution MR angiography with rephasing and dephasing sequences for
      selective vascular imaging of arteries and veins].
AB  - With rephasing and dephasing sequences the vascular system is imaged with high or
      low signal intensity whereas stationary tissue is imaged with identical signal
      intensity. With images recorded in systole and diastole followed by image
      subtraction separate imaging of arteries or veins without background
      superposition is possible. 13 patients with vascular lesions of the lower
      extremities and 7 volunteers were examined. Vascular stenosis, aneurysm,
      dilatation, occlusion and collateral vessels could be imaged similar to digital
      subtraction angiography. Vessels with a diameter down to 1 mm could be imaged.
      The large slice thickness up to 80 mm results in projection type images where the
      vascular tree is imaged over the whole field of view and without partial volume
      effects.

PMID- 3383536
TI  - [DS-1000--a new digital image intensifier film-screen system in thoracic
      diagnosis].
AB  - The characteristics of the DS-1000, a new digital imaging equipment, using an
      image-intensifier-video-system are described. The digital images are displayed on
      a monitor with 1024 x 1024 matrix, are stored on a hard disc and can be
      postprocessed with regard to gray-scale-level and recognition of details. The
      spatial resolution ist 1,1 Lp/mm, using the 47-cm-image-intensifier. The DS 1000
      was employed for chest-examinations. The diagnostic accuracy of 70 selected cases
      with a great variety of pathologic conditions was verified in comparison to
      conventional chest films. There was no significant difference in the recognition
      of normal anatomic structures between the two imaging systems. Pathologic states
      with low contrast to the surrounding structures (mediastinal and hilar masses,
      airspace disease, pulmonary nodules) were displayed at least equivalent with the
      digital technique. The accuracy in recognizing pathologic states with the digital
      equipment as compared to the conventional technique was inferior for conditions
      requiring high spatial resolution (subtle interstitial infiltrations, septal
      lines, scars, subtle calcifications).

PMID- 3383537
TI  - [Arthrography of the wrist joint in determination of the prosthesis site].
AB  - Arthrography was performed during the last 12 months in 14 patients who had 2
      months to 10 years after implantation of a silicone-elastomer- or fascia-lata
      prosthesis recurrent complaints in their operated wrists. Following an extensive
      radiological native examination either midcarpal or radiocarpal arthrography was
      performed in dependence of the site of carpal-bone-substitute. Inflammatory
      changes of the prosthetic bed, missing penetration of contrast medium into the
      periprosthetic space and other less common additional findings showed the
      advantages of the relatively handsome procedure.

PMID- 3383538
TI  - [The temporomandibular joint in computerized tomography].
AB  - The first part describes details of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which are
      of interest for the examination by computed tomography. In the second part three
      new planes of reference for scanning of the ventral, middle or dorsal part of the
      joint are presented. CT examinations were made of 14 TMJ of corpses to identify
      the medial or ventral parts of the articular disc, medial wall of the articular
      capsule and medial or triangular recessus to achieve this were scanned the
      corpses with opened and closed mouth, as well as with closed sets of teeth using
      a sort of hypomochlion in the molar region to distract the TMJ. More over we
      applicated different contrast mediums like air and niob.

PMID- 3383540
TI  - Report supports FDA's bioequivalence evaluation criteria, advocates more
      stringent statistical testing.

PMID- 3383539
TI  - [Dynamic contrast medium studies with flash sequences in nuclear magnetic
      resonance tomography of the breast].
AB  - In this study the dynamic contrast behavior after Gd-DTPA of different breast
      tissues and tumors has been investigated with a series of T1-weighted FLASH
      sequences during the first 5 minutes after the application of Gd-DTPA. The
      results of these dynamic FLASH-measurements have been compared to the results of
      the SE-sequences 6-10 and 11-15 minutes after Gd-DTPA in 40 patients with 54
      different breast tissues. It could be shown that in a number of cases a better
      differentiation (e.g. DD between carcinomas and proliferative dysplasia) was
      possible on FLASH-scans early after contrast medium than on the late SE-scans.
      Only the distinction between non-proliferative and proliferative dysplasia was
      better on the late SE-scans. Evaluation of the enhancement dynamics may be
      helpful in some cases as an additional information. Further investigations are
      necessary to confirm these findings and to assess their value.

PMID- 3383541
TI  - Focus of new FDA division is AIDS, opportunistic infections.

PMID- 3383542
TI  - Accuracy of tobramycin delivery by four i.v. infusion methods.
AB  - The accuracy of tobramycin delivery by four methods of intermittent intravenous
      infusion was studied in 11 healthy male volunteers. Subjects received intravenous
      tobramycin (as the sulfate salt) 1.5 mg/kg by each of four infusion methods in a
      nonblinded, randomized, four-way crossover design. The methods used for
      intravenous infusion were (1) minibag via gravity flow (MG), (2) minibag with the
      secondary infusion tubing inserted below a volumetric infusion pump (MP), (3)
      metered chamber via volumetric infusion pump (MC), and (4) syringe pump (SP).
      Doses were diluted to a volume of 50 mL, except for the two minibag methods, for
      which the dilution was necessarily greater because of manufacturer overfill.
      Intravenous flow rates for both primary fluid and drug administration were set at
      100 mL/hr, and the duration of drug infusion was documented by observation for
      each administered dose. The fluid volume of 12 minibags was measured to assess
      manufacturer overfill. Fluid remaining in the secondary i.v. tubing for the
      minibag methods was collected after the infusion. Seventeen blood samples were
      obtained before and at various time intervals after each dose and analyzed in
      duplicate for tobramycin content by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. A mean
      of 10% of each dose remained in the secondary i.v. tubing at the completion of
      the infusion for the minibag methods, whereas less than 1% of each dose remained
      in the secondary tubing for the SP method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383543
TI  - Effect of four intravenous infusion methods on tobramycin pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The influence of four intermittent intravenous infusion methods on the
      determination of tobramycin pharmacokinetic values and predicted doses was
      evaluated in 11 healthy adult volunteers. Each subject received tobramycin (as
      the sulfate salt) 1.5 mg/kg by each of four i.v. infusion methods: (1) minibag
      via gravity flow (MG), (2) minibag with the secondary infusion tubing inserted
      below a volumetric pump (MP), (3) metered chamber via volumetric pump (MC), and
      (4) syringe pump (SP). Infusion rates were initially set to administer each dose
      over a 30-minute period. Sixteen blood samples were obtained over an eight-hour
      period before and at various time intervals after each dose and were analyzed for
      tobramycin content by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Area under the serum
      concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-infinity) was
      calculated by the trapezoidal rule. Serum tobramycin concentration data for each
      subject were fitted to a biexponential decay model with zero-order input. beta
      and V beta were calculated from fitted data. One-compartment pharmacokinetic
      values, elimination rate constant (kappa), apparent volume of distribution (V),
      and predicted doses to achieve steady-state peak concentrations of 6
      micrograms/mL were calculated by the method of Sawchuk and Zaske. There were no
      significant differences in either beta or kappa among the infusion methods. V
      beta values (mean +/- S.D.) for the methods were 0.240 +/- 0.025 (MG), 0.257 +/-
      0.025 (MP), 0.221 +/- 0.027 (MC), and 0.231 +/- 0.032 (SP) L/kg.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383544
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of mezlocillin and ticarcillin.

PMID- 3383546
TI  - Neutropenia associated with oral acyclovir and multiple antibacterial agents in a
      patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

PMID- 3383545
TI  - Death of a child associated with multiple overdoses of acetaminophen.
AB  - A case of long-term acetaminophen overdosage in a six-year-old child, which
      contributed to her death despite optimal medical management including oral
      acetylcysteine therapy, is reported. Acetaminophen 325 mg every six hours was
      prescribed for fever associated with measles. Believing that acetaminophen was
      nontoxic, the child's mother progressively increased the dose over three days,
      first in response to fever and subsequently for abdominal pain probably secondary
      to unrecognized acetaminophen toxicity. On admission to the hospital, the
      patient's serum acetaminophen concentration was 163 micrograms/mL (11 hours after
      the last dose); subsequently, the acetaminophen half-life was determined to be 15
      hours. A course of oral acetylcysteine therapy (a loading dose of 140 mg/kg as
      the sodium salt followed by 70 mg/kg every four hours for 17 doses) was begun.
      Hepatic and renal failure developed within two days, followed by the onset of
      seizures, and brain death occurred on the 11th day. Autopsy findings consistent
      with acetaminophen toxicity included centrilobular hepatic and renal tubular
      necrosis. Aspergillis fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from
      pulmonary abscesses and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, respectively, were an
      unexpected finding. However, in the absence of acetaminophen overdosage, death
      would have been unlikely. Cryptococcal lymphadenitis was believed to have been
      the initial febrile illness that was treated with supratherapeutic doses of
      acetaminophen. Fatalities in children from a single overdose of acetaminophen
      have been rare, and there is only one previous report of a fatality after long
      term administration of multiple excessive doses. The lethal outcome in this case
      illustrates the need to educate the public on the potential toxicity of
      nonprescription medications.

PMID- 3383547
TI  - Usefulness of pyridoxal-containing blood agar as a primary plating medium to
      enhance recovery of nutritionally deficient streptococci.
AB  - We evaluated the use of horse blood agar containing 0.0005% pyridoxal
      hydrochloride (HBAP) mainly for use as a primary plating medium for blood
      cultures, other sterile fluids, wounds, and abscesses in order to facilitate the
      isolation of nutritionally deficient streptococci (NDS). Our results showed that
      the addition of pyridoxal hydrochloride (pxl) permitted good growth of NDS within
      24 h and did not inhibit or significantly alter the colony morphology of 34
      different species of microorganisms and 296 isolates of beta hemolytic
      streptococci presumptively identified as Group A streptococci. The use of pxl
      supplemented blood agar such as HBAP is recommended for primary plating as well
      as subculturing of blood cultures, and may also increase recovery of NDS from
      wounds and abscesses.

PMID- 3383548
TI  - Serratia bacteremia.

PMID- 3383549
TI  - In vitro activity of amdinocillin in combination with other beta-lactam
      antibiotics against aminoglycoside-susceptible and resistant gram-negative
      bacteria.
AB  - Amdinocillin alone and in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics was
      tested for in vitro activity against aminoglycoside-susceptible and resistant
      gram-negative bacteria. Amdinocillin alone or in combination with ampicillin,
      ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole had little to no
      activity against aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli, E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, and
      S. marcescens. There was better activity with aminoglycoside-susceptible
      organisms, however, Overall, there was significantly more antagonism of
      amdinocillin combinations when tested with aminoglycoside-resistant organisms
      than with aminoglycoside-susceptible strains.

PMID- 3383550
TI  - Optimal cefotaxime dosing for gram-negative bacteremia: effective trough serum
      bactericidal titers and drug concentrations 8 and 12 hr after 1- or 2-gm
      infusions.
AB  - Thirteen adult patients (47-81 yr) with gram-negative bacteremia and normal (less
      than or equal to 1.5 mg/dl) serum creatinines were treated with 1 or 2 gm of
      cefotaxime every 8 or 12 hr. The infecting organisms were Escherichia coli (9
      strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2 strains), and one isolate of Salmonella
      enteritidis and Serratia marcescens. All patients recovered without any serious
      sequelae. The range of MICs for cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime were 0.015
      0.25 micrograms/ml and 0.015-4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MBC values for
      cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime were identical to the MIC values except for
      two strains. The trough levels of cefotaxime varied from 65.9 to 1.1
      micrograms/ml. The serum concentration of desacetyl-cefotaxime varied from 84 to
      less than 1.0 microgram/ml. All corresponding trough serum inhibitory activities
      (SIA) were greater than or equal to 1:32. Comparisons of calculated and directly
      measured serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and SIA results suggest an additive
      and occasional synergistic benefit of the cefotaxime desacetyl metabolite. This
      study supports the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of 8- and 12-hr
      dosing intervals for cefotaxime against bacteremic gram-negative strains having
      the usual high susceptibility (MICs, less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml) to
      the newer cephalosporins.

PMID- 3383551
TI  - Staphylococcal protein A (SpA): a potent in vivo chemotactic agent for rat
      leucocytes.
AB  - Staphylococcal protein A had strong chemotactic attraction in vivo to rat
      leucocytes. Doses as small as 5 micrograms attracted net leucocytes into
      experimental pellets in 6 h. 50 micrograms Staphylococcal protein A showed
      maximum chemotactic activity and does greater or less than 50 micrograms
      attracted less net leucocytes into experimental pellets. The effect of time on
      the chemoattraction of 50 micrograms Staphylococcal protein A showed that it was
      an early chemoattractant. Chemotactic activity for this dose, shown by the
      chemotactic index, reached a peak at 6 h followed by maximum leucocytic
      infiltration, and almost disappeared completely at 12 h. Leucocytic migration
      into control pellets rose from 3 h and reached a peak at 12 h (later than the
      chemotactic peak). Staphylococcal protein A also showed in this study a "later
      reaction" from 24 to 36 h, resulting in local inflammation of the test site and
      rise in cellular response.

PMID- 3383552
TI  - Dynamical dosage regimen calculations in linear pharmacokinetics.
AB  - The objective of this analysis of a linear compartment system is to compute drug
      input functions that are optimal in producing nontoxic pharmacological responses
      of maximal therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetics should underlie the rational
      use of drugs and when a therapeutic range is known, the achievement of safe and
      effective target concentrations may be assured by a dosage regimen computed for a
      given administration schedule. The method developed herein is based on linearity
      and superimposition principles applicable to the class of systems considered.
      This method requires estimated values of model individual parameters and computes
      optimum dosage regimens in an iterative scheme, corresponding to a real time
      dynamical context. An interactive computer program has been developed to perform
      dosage regimen calculations.

PMID- 3383553
TI  - A recursive algorithm to compute the baseline drift in recorded biological
      signals.
AB  - Baseline estimation and removal is one of the main problems to overcome in order
      to obtain a correct interpretation of recorded biological signals. The method
      described in this paper is based on a new application of recursive estimation of
      a smoothing spline, selected to model the unknown baseline. Its advantages over
      conventional methods derive from these characteristics: it is parametric and
      recursive, it works in the time domain, and the same software can be used in
      different applications, since no a priori frequency knowledge is needed. In the
      example, the method is applied to ECG recordings and a spectral analysis is
      thereby shown.

PMID- 3383554
TI  - Computerized axial tomographic reconstruction of coronary tree cross sections
      from a small number of cineradiographic views.
AB  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the coronary tree from a conventional
      cineangiographic study is limited, in part, by the small number of available
      cineangiographic views. The potential utility of a maximum entropy iterative
      algorithm (MENT) for reconstruction of myocardial planes perpendicular to the
      axis of cineangiographic rotation from a small number (n = 6-18) of
      cineangiographic views was tested in vitro. The coronary arteries of postmortem
      human, canine, and calf hearts were filled with a silicone/thorium oxide mold to
      simulate in vivo angiographic contrast. Thirty-five-millimeter cineradiographs of
      each heart were obtained at 10 degrees intervals over 180 degrees about a
      myocardial central axis of rotation under exposure conditions which simulated the
      clinical setting. Projection data were derived from cinedensitometric scans
      across the entire myocardial shadow, perpendicular to the axis of rotation in
      each view, after 512 X 512 digitization with a vidicon camera/digitizer
      interfaced to a VAX computer. Comparison of MENT-reconstructed images with
      corresponding anatomic myocardial cross sections indicate that as few as 6 to 12
      views can be used to reconstruct the cross sections of the multiple coronary
      branches (n = 6-11) within a plane of reconstruction.

PMID- 3383555
TI  - An accurate method for automated counting of silver grains in autoradiographs.
AB  - A grain counting algorithm has been developed for use with an image analysis
      system interfaced with a microscope. The algorithm consists of a sequence of
      tests involving thresholding, prospective grain center detection, contrast, and
      three kinds of artifact detection. The function of each of these parameters is
      described. This algorithm is accurate to within 4% for those fields most
      frequently encountered, and to within 9% for all fields examined. Furthermore, it
      operates very quickly and at relatively low magnification, making it possible to
      scan large areas efficiently.

PMID- 3383556
TI  - Analysis of chromium-51 release assay data using personal computer spreadsheet
      software.
AB  - The Chromium-51 release assay is a widely used technique to assess the lysis of
      labeled target cells in vitro. We have developed a simple technique to analyze
      data from Chromium-51 release assays using the widely available LOTUS 1-2-3
      spreadsheet software. This package calculates percentage specific cytotoxicity
      and lytic units by linear regression. It uses all data points to compute the
      linear regression and can determine if there is a statistically significant
      difference between two lysis curves. The system is simple to use and easily
      modified, since its implementation requires neither knowledge of computer
      programming nor custom designed software. This package can help save considerable
      time when analyzing data from Chromium-51 release assays.

PMID- 3383557
TI  - Measurement of spermatozoal motility over prolonged periods of time using image
      analysis.
AB  - This paper presents a new method for the quantitative analysis of the movement
      characteristics of spermatozoa. The method is based on (i) measuring the
      displacement of a spermatozoon observed using a microscope and (ii) automatically
      compensating for the displacement of the spermatozoon in order to keep it in the
      center of the microscopic field. The displacement of the spermatozoon is measured
      by on-line processing of digitized images of the microscopic field, acquired by
      an image analysis system. The motility characteristics of the same spermatozoon
      can be evaluated over prolonged periods of time (typically 10 min). The movement
      characteristics of 19 spermatozoa from five fertile donors were studied. At
      constant temperature, intradonor variations of the motility parameters were
      found. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean values of
      the motility characteristics for three of four donors. At increasing temperature,
      the mean curvilinear velocity, averaged on the 19 spermatozoa from the five
      donors, regularly increased between 23 and 30 degrees C and remained constant up
      to 38 degrees C.

PMID- 3383558
TI  - The pacemaker inverse problem--computer diagnosis of paced electrocardiograms.
AB  - Like the electrocardiographic inverse problem, the object of which is the
      algorithmical analysis and diagnosis of the electrocardiogram (ECG), the
      pacemaker inverse problem is the analysis of the ECG in order to establish
      details of heart-pacemaker interaction (HPI) with special reference to the
      diagnosis of pacemaker failure. The solution to this problem is of practical
      importance, since it is often difficult to evaluate such records clinically. The
      ECG patterns of natural cardiac depolarizations and paced events may not be
      distinguishable and many combinations of potential pacemaker response must be
      taken into account. A computer system providing automatic analysis of the HPI,
      based on ECG data, has been developed and implemented on an IBM PC AT computer.
      The system uses a complex algorithm which enables the evaluation of all possible
      combinations of HPI events, and establishes for each of these combinations its
      correspondence to the specified pacemaker algorithm. The system is written in
      Pascal and its source text has approximately 11,000 lines. The first version of
      the system has been tested with algorithms of the dual chamber cardiac pulse
      generator AUTIMA-II (Telectronics). The interactive input of the system allows
      the pacemaker algorithm and the ECG, in the form of timing of "definite" and
      "possible" sensing events and pacemaker pulses, to be specified. The analysis
      establishes whether the device operates correctly within permitted error. Should
      one or more correct explanations of the specified case be found, the system
      prints simplified patterns of the ECG accompanied by a simulated marker channel
      tracing the possible HPIs.

PMID- 3383559
TI  - Computer simulations of blood pressure tracking.
AB  - Individual blood pressures (BP) tend to remain in the same relative position
      within a population BP distribution ('tracking'). Individuals in the upper range
      of the distribution may be predisposed to future hypertension, but this has not
      been proven epidemiologically. In this study tracking was simulated by computer
      using 4 simple empirical models to assess commonly reported criteria of BP
      tracking (correlation coefficient (r) and quintile analysis) and the relationship
      between the rank position of BP and the subsequent development of 'hypertension'
      or 'death'. The four models were applied to a population (n = 1500) of normally
      or log-normally distributed values corresponding to BPs with a mean of 75 and SD
      of 10 mmHg, also generated by the computer, and to real BP data from a
      longitudinal population survey. Each iteration of the model represented one year.
      Changes in BP at each iteration were cumulative. With both normally and log
      normally distributed data, r for paired initial and final BPs decreased
      progressively but remained statistically significant for all models, up to 30
      'years'. However, r was low. The patterns resembled that found in the
      longitudinal survey and data obtained by submitting the initial real BP data from
      the same survey to the simulations. In agreement with epidemiological studies,
      there was frequent movement of BP values between distribution quintiles,
      confirming that tracking is inefficient. In the computer-derived data, the
      relative risk of 'death' or 'hypertension' was greatest in the topmost quintile.
      The results suggest that though physiological BP control mechanisms are complex,
      adequate description of BP trends with time in a population is possible using
      simple models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383560
TI  - The importance of proper seeding of the Applesoft pseudorandom number generator.
AB  - The popularity of the use of Apple II/IIe hardware in medical applications is
      evidenced by the variety of articles devoted to the use of this hardware in
      biomedical research and medical practice. Many of these applications are of a
      stochastic nature, including simulations, and depend on the Applesoft random
      number generator. Unfortunately, the Applesoft generator has exhibited a number
      of flaws, including lack of uniformity of generated sequences of numbers, and
      serial correlation within such sequences. This paper provides evidence of these
      problems for a variety of seeds, and provides suggestions for acceptable seeds
      which ensure that the generated sequences of numbers pass two fundamental
      statistical tests for randomness.

PMID- 3383561
TI  - Robust alternatives to traditional analysis of variance: Welch W*, James J I*,
      James J II*, Brown-Forsythe BF*.
AB  - Contaminated data sets commonly appear in biomedical sciences. Traditional
      statistical analyses are based on a 'normality' assumption and homogeneity of
      variances assumption. If either or both assumptions are violated, traditional
      statistical procedures may give an inflated type I error rate and are then not
      robust. Robust alternatives to traditional one-way analysis of variance have
      better power curves and protect against inflated type I error rates.

PMID- 3383562
TI  - RECPAM: a computer program for recursive partition and amalgamation for censored
      survival data and other situations frequently occurring in biostatistics. I.
      Methods and program features.
AB  - The methodology of recursive partition and amalgamation in biostatistics is
      presented and a FORTRAN program for its implementation, RECPAM, is described.
      RECPAM can be used to obtain classifications of patients according to several
      criteria commonly occurring in clinical biostatistics: an example is prognostic
      classification based on survival data. Classes are defined by simple statements,
      expressed in clinical terms, about predictor variables (e.g. prognostic factors).
      Special features of RECPAM are: the possibility of implementing a variety of
      classification criteria, the integration of recursive partition and amalgamation,
      and the availability of several strategies for constructing classification trees.
      A simple example to illustrate input and output features is given. The scope and
      flexibility of RECPAM will be illustrated in greater detail in a subsequent
      paper.

PMID- 3383563
TI  - Orthodontic analysis and treatment planning: a suite of programs for performing
      centroid cephalometrics.
AB  - The lateral skull radiograph is essential in the diagnosis of facial dysharmony
      and the planning and evaluation of corrective orthodontic treatment. The
      classical cephalometric analysis of the lateral radiograph involves the
      construction of lines and planes based on anatomical landmarks to form a
      reference system. A new approach to cephalometric measurement based on centres of
      area (i.e. centroids) has recently been developed. A suite of programs is
      described here for performing various types of centroid analysis ranging from a
      simple analysis of facial and cranial segments to template matching of cyclical
      curves. Sample runs are presented. Many of the programs are data-driven which
      means that they can be readily adapted to new situations. The system is currently
      being re-written to run in a more standardized environment.

PMID- 3383564
TI  - Versatile software for collection, analysis and plotting of biochemical data
      using the IBM PC.
AB  - A software package, OMNILAB, has been written for the IBM PC, XT and AT computers
      to be a general purpose system for data collection, analysis, and display. The
      program supports collection of dta from a variety of absorbance detectors, from
      pH meters and from other instruments that output time-varying analog voltages in
      the ranges of millivolts or volts. The program includes capabilities for
      averaging of data, baseline subtraction, integration of curves, and versatile
      formatting for both video and hardcopy display of data.

PMID- 3383565
TI  - GGOPT: an unconstrained non-linear optimizer.
AB  - GGOPT is a derivative-free non-linear optimizer for smooth functions with added
      noise. If the function values arise from observations or from extensive
      computations, these errors can be considerable. GGOPT uses an adjustable mesh
      together with linear least squares to find smoothed values of the function,
      gradient and Hessian at the center of the mesh. These values drive a descent
      method that estimates optimal parameters. The smoothed values usually result in
      increased accuracy.

PMID- 3383566
TI  - A simple BASIC program for constructing three-dimensional graphs.
AB  - This report describes a simple program for plotting three-dimensional curves and
      thus allowing a visual representation of the simultaneous interaction of three
      variables. Graphs can be displayed on the screen or printed using a graphics
      printer. The original data can be stored, printed, recalled and edited, as can
      the graph parameters. Completed graphs can also be stored for later review or
      printing. The program as outlined can accommodate up to 10 curves of up to 50
      points each, but these limits can be easily increased. The program is written in
      BASIC, thus allowing it to be readily modified. As listed, the complete source
      code has 357 lines and occupies about 12 kilobytes when saved in compressed
      binary format.

PMID- 3383567
TI  - OPSEG: a general routine for smoothing and interpolating discrete biological
      data.
AB  - The optimal segments technique is a new approach to smoothing and interpolating
      between small numbers of discrete biological data. This method balances the
      degree of smoothness against the expected error of the observed data. The OPSEG
      computer program searches for the set of smoothed data points which will match
      the overall difference between the smoothed and observed data to an a priori
      estimate of the measurement error. The smoothed curve is described as a series of
      linked individual line segments. This approach is useful for the analysis of
      biological signals such as plasma measurements of hormone and metabolite
      concentration and has been applied to the development of assay standard curves.

PMID- 3383568
TI  - The influence of non-enzymatic glycosylation and formation of fluorescent
      reaction products on the mechanical properties of rat tail tendons.
AB  - Mechanical stability was examined in rat tail tendons after in vitro incubation
      in glucose at pH 7.4 using buffer systems of either phosphate or
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan. In the phosphate buffer system glucose and
      fluorescent compounds were found to be attached to the collagen molecules and the
      maximum 'stress' of the tendons was increased. In the
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan buffer system glucose was attached to the collagen
      molecules, but only small amounts of fluorescent compounds were attached to the
      collagen molecules and no changes in mechanical parameters were recorded. Initial
      incubation of tendons in a high concentration of glucose followed by incubation
      in either phosphate or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan buffer solutions resulted
      in equal attachment of glucose to the collagen, but only the collagen reincubated
      in phosphate buffer developed a relatively high amount of fluorescent compounds
      and an increase in maximum mechanical 'stress' compared to the collagen
      reincubated in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan buffer. This shows that the non
      enzymatic glycosylation per se does not necessarily influence the mechanical
      properties of collagen. Additional reactions like transformation of glucose into
      fluorescent compounds or browning reaction products by Maillard's reaction seem
      to be essential.

PMID- 3383569
TI  - Effects of ascorbic acid on collagen mRNA levels in short term chondrocyte
      cultures.
AB  - Chondrocytes isolated from 16 day chicken embryo sterna and adult (18 month)
      bovine metacarpalphalangeal joint cartilage were grown in monolayer culture for
      up to 5 days in the presence and absence of ascorbate (50 micrograms/ml). RNA was
      isolated from these cultures and the steady-state levels of alpha 1(I), alpha
      2(I) and alpha 1(II) mRNAs were assayed using cloned DNA probes encoding the
      respective procollagen mRNAs. Both ascorbate-treated and control chicken
      chondrocytes maintained the characteristic morphology and phenotype synthesizing
      the same levels of type II procollagen mRNA observed for sternal chondrocytes.
      The chicken chondrocytes, with or without ascorbate, did not synthesize increased
      levels of alpha 1(I) or alpha 2(I) mRNA. In contrast, when bovine articular
      chondrocytes were cultured with ascorbate, an increase in type II procollagen
      mRNA and, more interestingly, an increase in type I procollagen mRNA was observed
      during the 5 day culture period. Low levels of type I procollagen mRNA were
      detected in untreated chicken and bovine cultured chondrocytes and chicken
      chondrocytes isolated from sterna. These experiments suggest that when cultured
      in the presence of ascorbate under the conditions examined, chicken embryo
      chondrocytes retain the differentiated phenotype unaffected by ascorbic acid
      while bovine articular chondrocytes begin to undergo a phenotypic change.

PMID- 3383571
TI  - Interaction of embryonic chick calvarial bone cells with collagen substrata;
      attachment characteristics and growth behaviour.
AB  - Freshly isolated bone cells from embryonic chick calvariae were found to attach
      to films of native monomeric type I or II collagen, to gels of native type I
      collagen and, to a lesser extent, to air-dried films of these collagens, in a
      fibronectin-independent manner, and with no requirement for collagen synthesis.
      Adhesion to type III collagen was relatively poor. Films of native monomeric type
      I or II collagen were preferred to the corresponding air-dried films as substrata
      for proliferation. Cis-hydroxyproline inhibited growth upon both plastic and type
      I and type II collagenous substrata, but this effect could largely be overcome by
      providing bone cell-conditioned medium, suggesting the possibility of a
      requirement in the growth process for synthesis of a collagen other than type I,
      the major form in bone matrix.

PMID- 3383572
TI  - Characterization of 26K globular domain of a new basement membrane collagen.
AB  - In continuing our earlier studies (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 130, 1-8, 1985)
      on a new collagenous component (Type XIII) from lens capsule basement membrane,
      we report here the isolation and characterization of a 26K protein from the 4.5 M
      guanidine-HCl extracts of lens capsules. The 26K protein was purified by
      molecular sieve and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The protein has been
      characterized by amino acid composition, NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and by immunochemical analyses. On rotary shadowing, the 26K
      protein appears as a globule. The available information suggests its location at
      the terminal end of the collagenous component. The presented data show clearly
      that the 26K protein is a distinct new protein, different from the earlier
      reported NC-1 domain of type IV collagen.

PMID- 3383570
TI  - Oriented fibrillogenesis of collagen in vitro by ordered convection.
AB  - Oriented fibers, arising from the self assembly of collagen, may be produced from
      in vitro fibrillogenesis of soluble collagen with gradients of fibrillogenic
      potential. These gradients may be introduced by either concentration gradients of
      pronase-treated collagen or of arginine which, in turn, create concentration
      gradients of collagen aggregate intermediates during the fiber formation process.
      These gradients are gravitationally unstable and generate ordered convective
      flows which guide fiber growth.

PMID- 3383573
TI  - The relative reliability of oral contraceptives; findings of an epidemiological
      study.
AB  - A study performed in The Netherlands shows that an undesired pregnancy, claimed
      to be due to "method failure" with oral contraceptive use and resulting in a
      request for induced abortion, occurs approximately twice per 10,000 woman-years.
      For these claimed method failures the type of pill used has been recorded during
      the years 1982-1984. From those data it is clear that the usage of sequential and
      triphasic OCs was found to be significantly more often amongst women who
      requested abortion than would have been expected on the basis of their usage in
      the general population. This over-representation of sequential and triphasic OCs
      could not be explained by gastro-intestinal disorders or by drug-interaction.

PMID- 3383574
TI  - Norethisterone-cholesterol eutectic mixture as an oral sustained-release hormonal
      preparation: bioequivalence study in humans.
AB  - A solid dispersion of norethisterone and cholesterol (NET:CHOL; eutectic 1:4 w/w)
      was prepared by melting and rapid cooling. The fused material was then mixed with
      lactose as vehicle. Soft gelatin capsules were filled with 55 mg of the final
      mixture to give 0.35 mg of NET. One control formulation prepared with fused NET
      and lactose (NET:LAC) was capsuled with the same NET dosage, and one commercial
      tablet (Dianor, Syntex) with 0.35 mg NET were used as reference formulations. In
      a cross-over study, five female volunteers received, one month apart, in fasting
      state, each one of the three formulations. Blood samples were drawn at
      O,O.5,1,1.5,2,4,8,12,24 and 36 hours after dosing. Immunoreactive plasma NET was
      measured by RIA to assess pharmacokinetic parameters. The NET:CHOL formulation
      showed a greater area under the serum concentration-time curve, lower peak
      concentrations and a smaller release rate constant as compared to the reference
      preparations. It is concluded that the NET:CHOL eutectic mixture is a modified
      release dosage form and a sound approach in regulating the drug access rate to
      the body's central compartment.

PMID- 3383575
TI  - Non-availability of the IUD and contraceptive choice.
AB  - The Copper 7 and Lippes Loop IUD are no longer distributed in the United States,
      and the cost of the Progestasert precludes usage in many family planning clinics.
      The impact of the loss of this widely used contraceptive method was assessed in a
      pilot study at the UCLA Family Planning Clinic. The clients who would have
      selected an IUD at the time of their clinic visit between March and December of
      1986 instead chose oral contraceptive pills (55%) or barrier methods (45%) but
      their level of dissatisfaction with the methods they received was significantly
      greater than that of all other contraceptors, and this led to their subsequent
      selection of another method which, in the majority (66%), was of lower efficacy
      than the IUD. There were two unplanned conceptions amongst twenty women who would
      have chosen an IUD, both due to non-compliance with oral contraceptive pills; and
      at the time of survey in March 1987, no clients had opted for sterilization.
      Women who no longer have their choice of the IUD represent a high risk for
      contraceptive dissatisfaction and failure, but have not made precipitous
      decisions to undergo permanent sterilization.

PMID- 3383576
TI  - Immunologic aspects of IUD action.
AB  - Embryo implantation has been demonstrated to depend on specific lymphocyte
      populations within the uterine cavity. Intrauterine devices (IUD) exert their
      contraceptive action by prevention of embryo implantation via presently still
      unknown mechanisms. Therefore, mononuclear cell populations from mice uteri which
      either contained silastic or copper (Cu) IUD fragments or were sham-operated were
      evaluated, utilizing monoclonal antibodies against specific cell markers. Uterine
      horns, bearing IUD fragments, were significantly heavier than sham-operated
      horns. In Cu-IUD animals this effect extended even into the non-treated
      contralateral horn. The total number of lymphoid cells in IUD-bearing horns was
      significantly higher than in sham-operated horns. This observation was also made
      in non-treated contralateral Cu-IUD horns but not in contralateral horns of
      silastic-IUD-treated animals. Significant differences in percentages as well as
      absolute number of various lymphoid cell populations were noted between IUD
      treated and sham-operated animals. Again, the effect was more pronounced in Cu
      IUD-treated animals and extended in those animals into the contralateral horn.
      IUD-containing horns also demonstrated a significantly increased number of mast
      cells, with Cu-IUDs again resulting in a significantly more pronounced effect in
      both treated and contralateral horns. Sham-operated mice achieved a 67% pregnancy
      rate in both uterine horns. In contrast, IUD-treated animals demonstrated a
      significantly reduced pregnancy rate with silastic IUD fragments (15% and 30% for
      treated and contralateral horn, respectively) and a 0% pregnancy rate for Cu-IUD
      treated animals (in either horn).

PMID- 3383577
TI  - Modulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism by ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel.
AB  - Previous investigators reported that certain combination oral contraceptives are
      associated with significant alterations in serum lipid concentrations, namely a
      decrease in high density lipoprotein and increase in low density lipoprotein
      fractions. The mechanism(s) responsible for these changes remain unclear. In the
      present study we sought to determine the effect of the oral contraceptive
      components, ethinyl estradiol (EE) and norgestrel (N) on hepatic cholesterol
      metabolism, specifically on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG)
      reductase. Forty-eight cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six
      groups and treated daily with either 0.1 mg or 1.0 mg EE daily, 1.0 mg or 10.0 mg
      N daily, or 0.1/1.0 mg or 1.0/10.0 mg EE/N in combination daily. Twelve age- and
      weight-matched animals served as controls. No significant changes in hepatic HMG
      reductase activity were observed between those groups treated with either EE or N
      alone and the control group. However, hepatic HMG reductase activity was
      increased significantly in both EE/N combination-treated groups when compared to
      controls, the EE-treated groups and the N-treated groups. These results are
      suggestive that the changes in serum lipids noted clinically in association with
      oral contraceptive use may be related to the induction specifically of hepatic
      HMG reductase activity and subsequent changes in cellular cholesterol synthesis
      or metabolism.

PMID- 3383578
TI  - Quantitative effects of short- and long-term vasectomy on mouse spermatogenesis
      and sperm transport.
AB  - To date, there are no comprehensive quantitative studies detailing the effect of
      vasectomy on the mouse testes. We examined the effects of vasectomy on testicular
      germ cell numbers using detailed light microscopy, and the effect of long-term
      vasectomy on sperm transport to the caput epididymis using radiolabelled germ
      cells. Short-term vasectomy has no significant effects on the number of germ
      cells within the testes; however, after long-term vasectomy, spermiogenesis was
      affected. Surprisingly, even after long-term vasectomy, the rate of
      spermatogenesis and sperm transport to the epididymis was unaffected.

PMID- 3383579
TI  - Postcoital contraception: some characteristics of women who use this method.
AB  - This paper describes some of the characteristics of the women who attended a
      medical clinic requesting postcoital contraception. The information is derived
      from 871 observations in 653 women who requested this contraception. The mean age
      of women at the time of first request for this method was older than expected
      (21.9 years) and the mean time from first coitus to first request for the method
      was longer than expected (2.7 years). Previous pregnancy with therapeutic
      abortion was reported by 11.3% of the women. Multiple users of the method were
      younger at their first visit, and more likely to report a previous pregnancy. The
      method of contraception used before and after the need for postcoital
      contraception tended to be the same. Barrier method users have need of this
      method either for use when they fail to use their barrier method or for use when
      their barrier method fails. The need for more general availability of this method
      is discussed.

PMID- 3383580
TI  - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

PMID- 3383581
TI  - A common arrhythmia.

PMID- 3383582
TI  - Developing a family assessment and intervention protocol.

PMID- 3383583
TI  - Development of critical care nursing standards for mobilization.

PMID- 3383584
TI  - Writing for publication: the process and rationale.

PMID- 3383585
TI  - The shortage of critical care nurses: readership survey results.

PMID- 3383587
TI  - Delineating the responsibilities for nursing research.

PMID- 3383586
TI  - The other side.

PMID- 3383588
TI  - Administration of whole blood.

PMID- 3383589
TI  - Rewarming hypothermic patients.

PMID- 3383590
TI  - Ashman's phenomenon vs ventricular ectopy.

PMID- 3383591
TI  - AIDS-related GI dysfunction: rationale for nutrition support.

PMID- 3383592
TI  - Critical nursing care for abdominal trauma (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3383593
TI  - Care of patients with traumatic pelvic fractures.

PMID- 3383594
TI  - Impalement injury: case study and management guidelines.

PMID- 3383595
TI  - Trauma nurse coordinator.

PMID- 3383596
TI  - Emergency reopening of a median sternotomy for pericardial decompression and
      cardiac massage.

PMID- 3383597
TI  - Infusion phlebitis.

PMID- 3383598
TI  - The malnourished respiratory patient.

PMID- 3383599
TI  - Implementing the Education Standards for Critical Care Nursing: Part III. The
      implementation standards.

PMID- 3383601
TI  - Arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 3383602
TI  - Penetrating neck injuries (continuing education credit).

PMID- 3383600
TI  - Nursing management of an open abdominal wound.

PMID- 3383604
TI  - The cardiopulmonary resuscitation form.

PMID- 3383603
TI  - The fetal biophysical profile: interpretation and nursing implications.

PMID- 3383605
TI  - Founder's perspective--then and now.

PMID- 3383607
TI  - Italian suicidology and the C.R.I.S.

PMID- 3383606
TI  - Interdisciplinary suicide-prevention teaching program.

PMID- 3383608
TI  - Postvention for bereaved family members: some therapeutic possibilities.

PMID- 3383609
TI  - Separation: an important factor in suicidal actions.

PMID- 3383610
TI  - Distant suicide.

PMID- 3383611
TI  - A pharmacokinetic comparison of controlled-release and standard naproxen tablets.
AB  - The single-dose (750 mg) pharmacokinetics of controlled-release and standard
      naproxen tablets were compared in a randomized crossover study in 12 healthy male
      volunteers. Plasma samples collected over the 60 hours after drug administration
      were assayed for naproxen concentrations using high pressure liquid
      chromatography. The controlled-release formulation produced a significantly (p
      less than 0.001) lower and later mean peak naproxen concentration than the
      conventional-release tablets. However, no differences were observed in either
      area under the plasma concentration-time curve or elimination half-life. The two
      formulations were judged, therefore, to be bioequivalent based on the total
      amount of drug absorbed.

PMID- 3383612
TI  - The role of prolactin in luteal inadequacy: treatment of hyperprolactinaemia with
      bromocriptine.
AB  - Endometrial biopsy carried out in 628 women presenting for routine investigation
      of infertility showed that 268 had luteal phase deficiency and 46 of them also
      had hyperprolactinaemia, without evidence of any other cause of their
      infertility. These 46 patients were given treatment with bromocriptine, starting
      with a dose of 1.25 mg/day and increasing to 5 mg/day, depending on how well the
      drug was tolerated. Serum prolactin levels were assayed every month in all women
      who had not conceived and endometrial biopsy was repeated in those who had still
      not conceived after 3-months' treatment. The levels were shown to have decreased
      to within normal limits in all patients and 18 (39%) of the women had become
      pregnant, 13 of them during the first 3 months of treatment. No abnormality was
      detected in any of the babies. The remaining patients who did not become pregnant
      had normal prolactin levels and normal endometrial secretion after bromocriptine
      treatment.

PMID- 3383613
TI  - Use of a semi-automatic image analyser in directly determining mean linear
      intercepts.
AB  - A direct method for measuring mean linear intercepts (Lm) was tested. A semi
      automatic image analysis system (Zeiss, Videoplan) and an overlay of parallel
      lines were employed in determining Lm in intravascularly perfused guinea pig
      lungs. Actual chord lengths were recorded and the data was immediately processed.
      Spurious intercepts and manual data manipulation were avoided. This direct method
      of measurement proved to be simple, rapid and very consistent across three trials
      for each animal. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between
      the three trials (p = 0.22).

PMID- 3383614
TI  - Quantitative studies of increased cell-to-substratum adhesion at low temperature.
AB  - The cell-to-substratum adhesion of an established epithelial cell line cultured
      for 24 h on glass coverslips was determined at 4 degrees C, 8 degrees C and 37
      degrees C using a miniaturised parallel-plate shearing apparatus. The
      measurements of the minimum shear necessary to dislodge the cells (minimum
      distraction force, MDF) demonstrated a three- to fourfold increase in the
      adhesion of the cells at 4 degrees C (6.17 Pa) compared to that at 37 degrees C
      (1.36 Pa). At 8 degrees C the MDF was 2.31 pascals. Part of the adhesion was
      resistant to mild trypsinisation. Trypsin-resistant adhesion (TRA) was stabilised
      by low temperature, and by treatment with concanavalin A (50 micrograms ml-1) or
      colchicine (200-400 microM). The effects of con A (140 micrograms ml-1) and low
      temperature (4 degrees C) were additive, giving a combined MDF of greater than
      9.27 pascals. On the basis of their different temperature and protease
      susceptibility it is suggested that trypsin-sensitive adhesion (TSA) and TRA
      represent separate functional classes of cell-to-substratum attachment
      corresponding to 'frictional' and 'tractional' adhesion, respectively.

PMID- 3383615
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on lymphocyte plasma membrane. 1. Permeability for
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase substrates.
AB  - The effect of hyperthermia on the permeability of porcine lymphocyte plasma
      membranes for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) substrates was
      investigated. The permeability increased in the temperature range of 40-45
      degrees C. The temperature dependence for the permeability of G3PDH substrates
      and for cell viability was not well correlated.

PMID- 3383616
TI  - The G-banded karyotype of Vulpes fulvus Desm.
AB  - A representative G-banded karyotype of Vulpes fulvus Desm. and a diagrammatic
      representation of the banding patterns at the 400 band level are presented.

PMID- 3383617
TI  - Kinetochore staining in multicentric chromosomes of murine cancer cell lines.
AB  - The production of multicentric chromosomes is a common event in neoplastic or
      evolutionary change. If these compound chromosomes are to remain intact, the
      microtubule-binding ability of one of the kinetochores must be inactivated. This
      inactivation could occur by an actual deletion of chromosome material, or by some
      conformational change which would serve to interrupt microtubule binding. To
      answer this question, staining techniques are required which are specific for
      structural elements contained in the kinetochore. Stable compound chromosomes
      were studied in two murine cancer cell lines to see if there is concordance among
      the currently available light microscope techniques reported to stain the
      kinetochore. It was discovered that many commonly used approaches give no direct
      information about the presence of kinetochore activity or kinetochore structural
      elements. This information is available, however, using antikinetochore antibody
      immunofluorescence. The method demonstrates that kinetochore inactivation is a
      complex and gradual event, involving the loss of at least some of the kinetochore
      specific proteins.

PMID- 3383618
TI  - Effect of hypertension and physical training on the morphology of the kidney with
      special reference to the juxtaglomerular cells.
AB  - Changes in blood pressure levels, renal structure and degree of granulation of
      the juxtaglomerular cells in Dahl S rats fed a normal or high salt diet are
      reported. The effect of physical training on the hypertensive state of these
      animals has also been described. Animals fed a high salt diet demonstrated
      increased blood pressure levels and decreased juxtaglomerular indices when
      compared with rats fed a normal diet. The extent of renal damage in these animals
      was observed to be proportional to the amount of sodium in the diet. Physical
      training, however, brought about a 15-25% reduction in blood pressure levels and
      decreased renal damage in Dahl S rats fed a normal or high salt diet. The mean
      juxtaglomerular index was observed to be 30% higher in trained animals fed a
      normal diet compared with non-trained controls. It is concluded that physical
      training helps minimize pathological changes in the kidney and effects a
      reduction in blood pressure levels in hypertensive Dahl S rats.

PMID- 3383619
TI  - Accuracy and comparisons in blood gas measurements.

PMID- 3383620
TI  - The prone position in ARDS patients. A clinical study.
AB  - The gas exchange and hemodynamics were evaluated before, during, and after a two
      hour period of prone position in 13 moderate-severe ARDS patients. Lung
      computerized tomography was obtained in both the supine and prone positions in
      two of these patients. Average arterial oxygenation improved after prone
      positioning (p less than 0.01). A PaO2 improvement of at least 10 mm Hg after 30
      minutes of prone position was used as a criterion to discriminate between
      responders and nonresponders to the postural change. Eight patients met the
      "responders" group criterion, and in the five nonresponder patients, the PaO2 did
      not change significantly throughout the study. Computerized tomograms in the
      prone position showed disappearance of posterobasal densities and appearance of
      new densities in the anterior regions, in both patients studied. One of these was
      a responder, the other a nonresponder. A brief test period in prone position is
      indicated in ARDS patients to identify those who may benefit from this postural
      treatment. The definite mechanism of the arterial oxygenation improvement
      observed remains to be clarified.

PMID- 3383622
TI  - "Quinidine syncope" without lengthening of Q-Tc interval in the presence of left
      bundle branch block. Role of programmed ventricular stimulation studies.
AB  - Idiosyncratic and proarrhythmic reactions to antiarrhythmic drugs are a well
      recognized phenomenon and appear to correlate poorly with Q-T prolongation or
      with the serum concentration of the drug. It therefore becomes difficult to
      identify patients clinically with an underlying electrophysiologic substrate for
      ventricular tachycardia which was made manifest by an antiarrhythmic drug, or to
      determine whether the drug is causing an idiosyncratic reaction (the classic
      "long Q-T syndrome"). We recently studied a patient with ischemic heart disease
      and a prolonged corrected Q-T interval (Q-Tc) due to chronic left bundle-branch
      block. She developed "quinidine syncope," and the Q-Tc was unchanged despite
      stopping administration of the drug; however, electrophysiologic studies
      demonstrated reproducibly inducible "torsade de pointes" while the patient was
      being rechallenged with quinidine, while no inducible arrhythmia was seen during
      control studies. We conclude that electrophysiologic studies are of clinical
      value in the clarification of possible drug-induced arrhythmias.

PMID- 3383621
TI  - Validation of morning dip of peak expiratory flow as an indicator of the severity
      of nocturnal asthma.
AB  - Overnight falls in peak expiratory flow (PEF) (with the morning dip of the index)
      may be considered the hallmark of nocturnal asthma. To validate the morning dip a
      quantitative marker of the degree of nocturnal bronchoconstriction, the dip was
      measured in 11 subjects (six with a history consistent with nocturnal asthma)
      undergoing all-night monitoring of lower respiratory resistance by a double
      catheter method. In six subjects, marked and recurrent increases in resistance
      were recorded, along with morning dips higher than 20 percent; however, on the
      following morning, only two of them reported having suffered significant
      breathlessness and wheeze. Peak and average values for resistance, as well as the
      duration for which resistance was increased, were closely correlated with the
      magnitude of morning dips. Therefore, unlike the subjective report, PEF may be
      considered a reliable quantitative indicator of nocturnal bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 3383623
TI  - Serial pulmonary function testing in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Previous studies have documented the pulmonary function abnormalities associated
      with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There are very few data, however,
      regarding the progression of such changes. To study this question, we evaluated
      the pulmonary function of a group of 25 patients with SLE from two to seven years
      after a set of pulmonary function tests had been performed as part of their
      overall initial assessment. Reductions in diffusing capacity, FVC, and total lung
      capacity did not change significantly for the group over the period of our study.
      The mean FEF25-75%, which was initially low, and the mean FEV1/FVC ratio, which
      was initially normal, both decreased significantly. The observed abnormalities in
      airway function were not related to smoking history. Other aspects of lupus
      activity, as measured by serum creatinine levels and clinical activity, did not
      appear related to progression of lung disease.

PMID- 3383624
TI  - Isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis. Are we losing our enthusiasm?
AB  - Contact investigation activities of the Tennessee Department of Health and
      Environment (TDHE) Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program from 1979 to 1985 were
      reviewed. Out of 32,722 identified contacts, 6,030 (20.1 percent) were infected
      (positive purified protein derivative [PPD]). Only 2,731 (45 percent) of the
      infected contacts were started on preventive therapy. Both the absolute number
      and the relative percentage of infected contacts starting on INH prevention
      therapy have gradually declined over the years. While 569 (67 percent) of the
      infected contacts were started on preventive treatment in 1979, only 296 (37.5
      percent) received isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy in 1985. Although an
      increasing percentage of those starting preventive therapy completed the
      prescribed course, the enthusiasm for recommending preventive therapy has
      declined for the infected individuals above the age of 15. More enthusiasm and
      efforts are needed from physicians in initiating and maintaining INH preventive
      therapy to accomplish tuberculosis eradication.

PMID- 3383625
TI  - Conduction system in sudden unexpected death a considerable time after repair of
      atrial septal defect.
AB  - The cause of sudden death in young people with congenital heart disease, months
      or years postoperatively following total surgical correction, is today unknown
      despite complete autopsy. This is a study of the conduction system in four cases
      of atrial septal defect of the fossa ovalis type (secundum) who died suddenly
      several months to years following surgical repair and who were living a normal
      life. The study suggests that changes in the sinoatrial node and its approaches
      produced by surgery aided by a pulling effect of a floppy mitral valve on the
      central fibrous body and hence, on the conduction system, and the unknown
      familial genetic arrhythmic effect on the conduction system contributed to the
      sudden death of these patients.

PMID- 3383626
TI  - Effects of awake tidal breathing, swallowing, nasal breathing, oral breathing and
      the Muller and Valsalva maneuvers on the dimensions of the upper airway.
      Evaluation by ultrafast computerized tomography.
AB  - Determinations of the size and dynamics of the upper airway during respiration
      are important in individuals with sleep-related breathing disorders. Ultrafast
      computerized tomography can acquire eight 8-mm axial-slice thicknesses of the
      upper airway in 224 ms. If this sequence is acquired every 0.7 second over an
      entire respiratory cycle and played back in movie mode, the dynamic changes in
      the airway's size can be evaluated and measured. This report defines the size of
      the upper airway during normal tidal breathing and describes the changes that
      occur with swallowing, isolated nasal breathing, and isolated oral breathing and
      with the Muller and Valsalva maneuvers.

PMID- 3383627
TI  - Nd:YAG laser bronchoscopy. A five-year experience with 1,396 applications in
      1,000 patients.
AB  - We treated 1,000 patients with the Nd:YAG laser. The rigid bronchoscope was used
      in 1,280 (92 percent) of the treatments, with patients almost always under
      general anesthesia; 116 (8 percent) treatments were performed with the flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscope alone, with the use of local anesthesia. In almost all
      cases of benign tumors and in many carcinoid tumors, the treatment was curative.
      In genuine nonmalignant tracheal stenoses, laser therapy was curative in 34 out
      of 81 cases. In malignant tumors, the laser improved airway gauge 92 percent of
      the time. Cumulative survival was 50 percent (+/- 3 percent) at six months and 26
      percent (+/- 3 percent) at one year. Following palliative laser therapy, eight
      patients with bronchogenic carcinoma appearing to be inoperable did have surgery
      and ten underwent less extensive surgery than expected. Results confirm the
      usefulness and safety of this relatively new method in the treatment of
      obstructive lesions of the tracheobronchial tree.

PMID- 3383628
TI  - Sarcoidosis. Usual and unusual manifestations.

PMID- 3383629
TI  - Prognostic value of bicycle ergometry in medically treated patients with three
      vessel coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3383630
TI  - Anterior mediastinal mass following pneumonectomy.

PMID- 3383631
TI  - An American dream: to develop coronary artery disease.

PMID- 3383632
TI  - Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis in sarcoidosis.
AB  - Interstitial pneumonitis in sarcoidosis is rare. When present, it confined to
      areas of active granuloma formation. We report finding widespread interstitial
      pneumonitis and fibrosis in a patient with sarcoidosis. Due to the focal sampling
      of pulmonary tissue by transbronchial biopsy, a finding of interstitial
      pneumonitis does not exclude a diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3383633
TI  - Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. An unusual early manifestation of the acquired
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
AB  - Infection with Rhodococcus equi has been reported as an occasional cause of
      cavitary pneumonia in severely immunocompromised patients, including those with
      the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report two cases of R equi
      pneumonia presenting in one month in patients infected with human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had not previously had an opportunistic
      infection. The clinical and radiographic manifestations of the disease are
      distinctive and should suggest the diagnosis. R equi pneumonia in a person with
      HIV infection should be considered diagnostic of AIDS. Recognition of this entity
      is important since antibiotic therapy is different from that conventionally used
      in pneumonias in AIDS patients and must be prolonged.

PMID- 3383634
TI  - Broncho-aortic fistula secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis.
AB  - Tuberculous broncho-aortic fistula has not been reported, to our knowledge. This
      is a case report of a 60-year-old woman with massive hemoptysis secondary to a
      broncho-aortic fistula. The pathologic study of the pulmonary specimens showed
      tuberculous granulomas with caseous necrosis and tubercle bacilli in the
      pulmonary tissue and the fistulous area.

PMID- 3383635
TI  - Asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias in patients with obstructive lung disease.
      Should they be treated?

PMID- 3383636
TI  - Myocardial sarcoidosis unresponsive to steroids. Treatment with cyclophosphamide.
AB  - Sarcoidosis affecting the pleura, pericardium, and myocardium is described in a
      patient who demonstrated continued disease activity while on therapy with high
      dose steroids. Cyclophosphamide was found to be highly effective in suppressing
      her disease over a period of six years.

PMID- 3383637
TI  - Treatment of chronic symptomatic supraventricular bradyarrhythmias with
      transdermal scopolamine.
AB  - The management of symptomatic bradyarrhythmias can be challenging in patients in
      whom cardiac pacing is not indicated, such as in the terminally ill or severely
      demented. We applied a transdermal scopolamine patch on one such patient with
      resultant substantial improvement in his supraventricular bradyarrhythmia.

PMID- 3383638
TI  - Neurosarcoidosis associated with hypersomnolence treated with corticosteroids and
      brain irradiation.
AB  - Narcoleptic features developed in a young man with CNS sarcoidosis. This was
      associated with a structural lesion in the hypothalamus as demonstrated on CT
      scans of the head. The diagnosis of narcolepsy was established by compatible
      clinical history and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Treatment with high-dose
      corticosteroids was ineffective, but when the low-dose, whole-brain irradiation
      was added, complete resolution of the narcoleptic features ensued.

PMID- 3383639
TI  - Transvenous reservoir catheter mimicking right atrial mass lesion.
AB  - A reservoir (Mediport) catheter in the superior vena cava and right atrium can
      present as a right atrium mass lesion by echocardiography. Unlike pacemaker or
      transvenous catheters, these are not easily detected because the implant sites
      are not obvious and they are not attached to external intravenous device.
      Transvenous reservoir catheters should be considered in the echocardiographic
      diagnosis of right atrial mass lesion.

PMID- 3383640
TI  - Chemical pneumonitis due to exposure to bromine compounds.
AB  - A 60-year-old laboratory technician developed pulmonary infiltrates consistent
      with chemical pneumonitis following accidental exposure to a mixture of hydrogen
      bromide and phosphorus tribromide. A protracted clinical course ensued consistent
      with bronchiolitis obliterans. These problems may have been avoided if the
      potential for subsequent damage had been realized at the time of the initial
      exposure. Health personnel must be aware of the potentially delayed effects of
      accidental exposures to respiratory irritants.

PMID- 3383641
TI  - Angiosarcoma presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
AB  - Angiosarcoma has been reported as occurring in both postirradiation and
      postradical mastectomy patients. Described is a patient, postmastectomy and
      irradiation, with alveolar hemorrhage secondary to angiosarcoma. Angiosarcoma,
      primary or metastatic to lung, should be included in the differential diagnosis
      of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in this patient population.

PMID- 3383642
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the heart presenting as pulmonary disease.
AB  - A 23-year-old man died from the pulmonary manifestations of cardiac angiosarcoma.
      The absence of all cardiac signs and symptoms was an unusual feature. The
      clinical outcome was rapidly fatal. Apparently, the presence of cardiac symptoms
      in a patient with primary cardiac angiosarcoma is not obligatory.

PMID- 3383643
TI  - Combined apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery-left ventricular
      fistula.

PMID- 3383644
TI  - CT to evaluate hemithorax.

PMID- 3383645
TI  - Balloon catheters.

PMID- 3383648
TI  - Alcoholism and hypertension.

PMID- 3383646
TI  - Increased mitral valve insufficiency during precordial whoop.

PMID- 3383647
TI  - Adult onset Still's disease.

PMID- 3383649
TI  - Serious complications of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

PMID- 3383650
TI  - Automatic staplers and bronchopleural fistulas.

PMID- 3383651
TI  - Sarcoidosis and the diaphragm.

PMID- 3383652
TI  - Retrieval of a construction nail from a peripheral airway.

PMID- 3383653
TI  - Continuous oxygen saturation monitoring during cardiac catheterization in adults.
AB  - Arterial hypoxemia may contribute to morbidity during cardiac catheterization.
      Therefore, we measured arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) continuously
      using pulse oximetry in 29 patients (age range, 21 to 83 years) undergoing
      cardiac catheterization. Baseline SaO2 was 96 +/- 0.4 percent. All patients had a
      decrease in SaO2 at some time during the procedure. Eleven patients (38 percent)
      had episodes of arterial hypoxemia, defined as a decrease in SaO2 below 90
      percent. In these 11 patients, the mean number of episodes of hypoxemia was 16 +/
      7, and the mean duration of each episode was 53 +/- 25 seconds. Multiple
      stepwise regression analysis showed that the minimum SaO2 during catheterization
      for any patient was significantly associated with the baseline SaO2, duration of
      the procedure, and end-diastolic volume (EDV) as described by the following
      regression equation: minimum SaO2 = 46.8 - 0.0580 (duration of procedure in
      minutes) + 0.5362 (baseline SaO2) - 0.0159 (EDV). Based on our finding of
      arterial hypoxemia in greater than one third of our patients, we would consider
      continuous SaO2 monitoring or supplemental oxygen during cardiac catheterization,
      especially for those patients with poor ventricular function or low resting SaO2
      or those expected to have long procedures.

PMID- 3383654
TI  - Determinants of daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea.
AB  - To investigate determinants of daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea
      syndrome (OSAS), we studied 100 unselected OSAS patients by nocturnal polygraphic
      recording and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Data obtained were
      submitted to three types of analysis. Respiratory disturbance index, oxygen
      saturation indices, body mass index, and total nocturnal sleep time did not
      significantly correlate with daytime sleepiness, as measured by the MSLT.
      Analysis of subgroups based on weight and degree of alertness also showed a
      nonsignificant correlation with daytime sleepiness. The best predictor of the
      excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) frequently found in OSAS patients was the
      nocturnal polygraphic recording of the sleep disturbances and sleep structure
      anomalies that reflect the brain's overall dysfunction in OSAS. Understanding why
      an electroencephalogram arousal response occurs during sleep in association with
      abnormal breathing and how this response can become blunted may help us to better
      predict the development of EDS.

PMID- 3383655
TI  - Caffeine and cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 3383656
TI  - Blood gas quality control materials compared to tonometered blood in examining
      for interinstrument bias in PO2.
AB  - Although large differences in mean values and standard deviations of PO2 between
      models of blood gas instruments have been found in proficiency testing surveys
      employing commercial ampuled material, it is unknown whether or not equivalent
      differences would be found between instruments if a primary standard (tonometered
      fresh human blood) were used instead of ampules (secondary control specimens).
      Therefore, we compared the biases (differences between means) of six models of
      blood gas instruments using five varieties of ampuled quality control materials
      and a single source of tonometered fresh human blood at three levels of PO2
      (67.5, 91.4, and 143.6 mm Hg). All materials correlated positively with blood,
      thus demonstrating consistency of machine biases. The coefficients of variation
      measuring blood and a perfluorocarbon mixture (abc) were not different, but were
      higher for aqueous and hemoglobin-containing mixtures. On average, at the PO2
      levels tested, the differences among instruments were slightly smaller with abc
      than with blood, but larger with aqueous and hemoglobin-containing materials.
      Because abc "tracks" tonometered blood reasonably well at the PO2 levels tested,
      instrument differences in PO2 detected with abc are also likely to be seen with
      clinical blood samples. The other four quality control materials probably
      overestimate instrument differences in measuring PO2.

PMID- 3383657
TI  - Treatment of pneumothoraces utilizing small caliber chest tubes.
AB  - Pneumothorax is a common problem in both hospitalized and emergency room
      patients. Eight-four pneumothoraces in 79 patients were treated using a No. 9
      French catheter. In 76 cases, the catheter was attached to a flutter valve, and
      in eight cases, suction was applied. The No. 9 French catheter provided
      definitive treatment in 73 (87 percent) of the pneumothoraces. Causes of catheter
      failure included kinking, malposition, inadvertent removal by patient, occlusion
      of the tube or valve by pleural fluid, and large air leak. No complication
      attributable to tube placement occurred. When the flutter valve was employed, the
      patient was able to ambulate allowing for potential outpatient therapy. The tube
      was found to be easy to use, safe, and efficacious in the treatment of
      pneumothoraces.

PMID- 3383658
TI  - Myocardial contusion in patients with blunt chest trauma as evaluated by thallium
      201 myocardial scintigraphy.
AB  - Fifty five patients suffering from blunt chest trauma were studied to assess the
      diagnosis of myocardial contusion using thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy.
      Thirty-eight patients had consistent scintigraphic defects and were considered to
      have a myocardial contusion. All patients with scintigraphic defects had
      paroxysmal arrhythmias and/or ECG abnormalities. Of 38 patients, 32 had localized
      ST-T segment abnormalities; 29, ST-T segment abnormalities suggesting involvement
      of the same cardiac area as scintigraphic defects; 21, echocardiographic
      abnormalities. Sixteen patients had segmental hypokinesia involving the same
      cardiac area as the scintigraphic defects. Fifteen patients had clinical signs
      suggestive of myocardial contusion and scintigraphic defects. Almost 70 percent
      of patients with blunt chest trauma had scintigraphic defects related to areas of
      myocardial contusion. When thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy directly showed
      myocardial lesion, two-dimensional echocardiography and standard ECG detected
      related functional consequences of cardiac trauma.

PMID- 3383659
TI  - Performance of a demand oxygen saver system during rest, exercise, and sleep in
      hypoxemic patients.
AB  - Demand oxygen systems have been shown to be effective in treating hypoxemia
      during seated rest and during exercise, but the performance of these systems
      during sleep has not been previously studied. We compared the efficacy of a new
      demand oxygen saver system with that of continuous flow nasal oxygen during the
      usual activities of daily life including sleep, seated rest, and exercise. Six
      hypoxemic patients were studied. All six had chronic obstructive pulmonary
      disease, though one patient had kyphoscoliosis with mixed obstructive and
      restrictive lung disease. Patients were studied during each activity of daily
      life while receiving supplemental oxygen by continuous flow nasal cannula at 2
      liters per minute and during use of the demand oxygen saver system. The demand
      oxygen system produced arterial oxygenation equivalent to continuous flow nasal
      cannula under all conditions while utilizing substantially less oxygen. When
      compared with administration of oxygen by continuous flow nasal cannula, the
      demand oxygen saver cannula utilized only 45 percent as much oxygen during seated
      rest, 44 percent as much oxygen during exercise, and 39 percent as much oxygen
      during sleep. Our data support the use of demand oxygen systems for treatment of
      hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

PMID- 3383660
TI  - Effect of dry warm air on respiratory water loss in children with exercise
      induced asthma.
AB  - The variation in respiratory water loss (RWL) over time, expressed as the mass of
      water vapor lost per liter (body temperature and pressure, saturated) of
      ventilation (MH2O), was investigated in two groups: (1) children with exercise
      induced asthma; and (2) healthy children. Children were matched for age and sex
      and went without medication for at least 12 hours before each experiment. The
      children breathed dry warm air (TI = 28.4 degrees C +/- 0.3 degree C) for 15
      minutes while bicycling at constant and moderate work load (50 W). The MH2O was
      measured by collecting and weighing the expired water vapor (1) at rest breathing
      in warm conditions of inspired gas (control values), (2) every five minutes
      during exercise while breathing dry warm air, and (3) four minutes after the end
      of exercise. Pulmonary function tests were performed before and six minutes after
      exercise. The results were abnormal only in children with exercise-induced
      asthma. During exercise, RWL significantly fell (compared to control value) at
      the tenth and 15th minute in both groups. Whereas normal subjects recovered their
      initial values for MH2O four minutes after stopping exercise, asthmatic children
      still had a reduction in respiratory water loss. During exercise, MH2O decreased
      a little more in healthy than in asthmatic children. The decrease in MH2O in both
      groups suggests that the means to fully humidify expired gas are overwhelmed by
      thermal stress. The lack of increase in MH2O in asthmatic children on stopping
      exercise suggests that the airway mucosa is unable to produce enough water vapor
      and is thus dehydrated and probably hyperosmotic.

PMID- 3383661
TI  - Snoring and upper airway properties.
AB  - Habitual snoring in adults may be related to upper airway dysfunction, although
      the precise relationship has never been studied. We quantitatively measured
      snoring and correlated it with upper airway properties in 50 apneic and 59
      nonapneic adult male patients. Both groups were similar in terms of nasal airflow
      resistance and pulmonary function tests. We found a significant correlation
      between the severity of snoring and nasal airflow resistance in both groups, and
      between the severity of snoring and pharyngeal and glottic areas in the apneic
      group. We conclude that snoring may be associated with abnormalities in upper
      airway properties.

PMID- 3383662
TI  - Assessment of exercise intensity formulas by use of ventilatory threshold.
AB  - Guidelines for training heart rate (HR) during aerobic exercise are often
      determined by predictive formulas. Measurement of the heart rate at ventilatory
      threshold (VT) by expired gas analysis provides a direct index of the upper
      limits of conditioning intensity. We evaluated 115 nonsmoking, healthy adults
      with measurement of peak oxygen uptake to classify groups as low- (n = 45),
      average-(n = 45), and high (n = 25) -fitness. Heart rate at VT was compared with
      the approximate midpoint (77 percent) of recommended training intensity as
      estimated by the Karvonen equation, predicted maximal (220-age), and measured
      maximal HR formulas. No significant difference among the various HR formulas at
      77 percent and HR at VT were found for high-fitness individuals. Among the low-
      and average-fitness groups, the Karvonen formula at 77 percent was significantly
      higher (p less than 0.001) than HR at ventilatory threshold. Predicted and
      measured maximal HR at 77 percent were not above the VT among the low- and
      average-fitness individuals and are appropriate for training intensity. However,
      the Karvonen formula appears to overestimate heart rate intensity among those of
      low and average fitness and may be excessive for these groups.

PMID- 3383663
TI  - Outcome of respiratory failure in hematologic malignancy.
AB  - We reviewed records of patients with hematologic malignancy requiring mechanical
      ventilation (MV) from 1976 to 1985 (excluding postoperative MV less than 48
      hours). There were 119 episodes in 116 patients. In-hospital mortality was 82
      percent. Of 21 (18 percent) episodes survived, median duration of survival was 12
      months. Survivors did not differ from nonsurvivors in age, leukocyte count, or
      duration of MV. Survival for chronic lymphocytic leukemia was 42 percent, for
      other leukemias 16 percent, Hodgkin's disease 29 percent, and non-Hodgkin's
      lymphomas, 6 percent. Bronchoscopy was performed in 28 patients, resulting in a
      diagnosis of infection, hemorrhage, or malignancy in 19 cases. Open lung biopsy
      (OLB) was obtained in 23 patients, yielding a diagnosis of interstitial
      inflammation or fibrosis (13 cases), drug effect (three), malignancy (two),
      hemorrhage (one), Pneumocystis (seven), aspergillosis (two), and Legionella
      (one). Only two patients survived following OLB. Despite intensive management and
      adequate diagnosis, respiratory failure in patients with hematologic malignancy
      carries a high mortality. Although these data may help identify groups with a
      limited prognosis for long-term recovery, patient care must be individualized.

PMID- 3383664
TI  - American College of Chest Physicians. 54th annual scientific assembly. October 3
      7, 1988, Anaheim, CA. Original investigations (abstracts).

PMID- 3383665
TI  - Depression in attention deficit-disordered and normal children and their parents.

PMID- 3383666
TI  - Transgenerational child abuse.

PMID- 3383667
TI  - Longitudinal predictors of developmental status and social interaction in
      premature and full-term infants at age two.
AB  - This investigation involved the longitudinal assessment of 30 mother-preterm and
      40 mother-full-term dyads from birth to 2 years of age. Measures of maternal
      attitudes, maternal perception of the infant, and parental functioning were
      obtained at 1 and 8 months of infant age. Mother-infant interactions were
      observed at 4, 8, 12, and 24 months. Infant cognitive, motor, and language
      development was assessed at 4, 12, and 24 months. Results indicated that by age 2
      years, no group differences were apparent on any child development, mother-child
      interaction, or maternal attitudinal measures; the lone exception was that
      preterms were significantly poorer in motor skills. This similarity in
      functioning at age 2 years was in marked contrast to earlier findings of major
      group differences at 12 months. Correlational and regression analyses indicated
      that the developmental and social interaction outcomes were predicted by
      different factors in the two groups; moreover, whereas 40%-60% of the variance in
      preterm infants' social and cognitive outcomes could be accounted for, only 15%
      30% was accounted for in the full-term group. These results are discussed in
      terms of compensatory mechanisms that may characterize the parenting of high-risk
      infants, and of the applicability of transactional models of development.

PMID- 3383668
TI  - Newborn auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs): prenatal and contemporary
      correlates.
AB  - A literature review and new data on correlates of newborn auditory brainstem
      evoked responses (ABRs) are presented. Although there has been documentation of
      the importance of maturation, pathology, postnatal complications, and sex as
      determinants of the ABR, few investigators have adopted a multivariate approach,
      resulting in a confounding of maturation with pathological and other factors. In
      the present study, the ABR was recorded and the I-V interwave latency at 80 dB
      was computed for 88 newborns (60 neonatal intensive care unit survivors and 28
      low-risk babies). 29 variables describing background characteristics, age,
      pregnancy and delivery complications, and postnatal illnesses were factor
      analyzed, and the obtained factors were entered into a stepwise regression.
      Conceptual age was the strongest predictor of the I-V interwave latency, followed
      by sex and prenatal obstetric complications, although the correlations obtained
      were low. We concluded that disorders of the central components of the ABR may be
      more of prenatal than of postnatal origin. In addition, the I-V interval had low
      but reliable correlations with 4 of 11 Brazelton scale variables. These data show
      the usefulness of the ABR for monitoring neurologic function in high-risk
      neonates and foreshadow its potential usefulness as a predictor of developmental
      outcome.

PMID- 3383669
TI  - Information processing in seven-month-old infants as a function of risk status.
AB  - 7-month-old full-terms and high-risk preterms (less than 1,500 grams at birth)
      were compared on problems of visual recognition memory and tactual-to-visual
      cross-modal transfer. On the visual problems, preterm infants showed
      significantly less differential attentiveness to novelty than full-terms. They
      also required longer exposure times during visual familiarization, primarily
      because of longer pauses between fixations. Preterms and full-terms exhibited
      different patterns of looking, as indicated by the duration of fixation and the
      frequency in shifts of gaze. On the cross-modal problems, preterms and full-terms
      both exhibited similar and significant preferences for familiar rather than novel
      stimuli, a direction of preference which suggests that these problems were
      relatively difficult for both groups. For the preterms, novelty and exposure-time
      scores were found to be related to several medical risk factors. Novelty
      preferences were compromised in preterms who had suffered RDS postnatally,
      particularly those who had required prolonged mechanical ventilation. In general,
      high-risk preterms exhibited deficits in visual recognition memory and in the
      ability to recruit, sustain, and shift attention.

PMID- 3383670
TI  - Infant discrimination of naturalistic emotional expressions: the role of face and
      voice.
AB  - The ability of infants to discriminate dynamic, multimodal expressions of emotion
      was assessed in a series of 5 experiments. In Experiment 1, 48 infants of 4 and 5
      months (total N = 96) were habituated to color/sound videotapes of 6 women
      speaking the same script sadly or happily. Following habituation, 2 new women
      were presented, each speaking once in the familiarized emotion and once in the
      novel emotion. Order of stimulus presentation (Sad----Happy, Happy----Sad) was
      counterbalanced. 5-month-olds were able to discriminate the expressions in both
      directions, whereas 4-month-olds could discriminate them only in the Sad----Happy
      direction. In Experiment 2, the ability of 5- and 7-month-olds to discriminate
      happy and angry expressions was examined using the Happy----Angry stimulus order
      alone. Only the 7-month-olds could differentiate these stimuli. In Experiment 3,
      it was shown that 7-month-olds could not distinguish these same Happy----Angry
      stimuli without vocal accompaniment. The purpose of the fourth experiment was to
      determine whether the voice played an equally important role in the Sad----Happy
      discrimination of Experiment 1. Surprisingly, a 5-month group tested without
      voice readily discriminated these stimuli. Finally, the fifth experiment sought
      to determine whether an Angry----Happy comparison might also be discriminable
      without voice. A 7-month group tested in this manner could not discriminate these
      expressions, while a group tested with voice could. The results indicate that
      infants can differentiate dynamic, multimodal expressions as early as 5 months,
      that they distinguish dynamically distinct expressions earlier than more
      similarly animated expressions, and that they seem to rely more on the voice than
      the face in making these discriminations.

PMID- 3383671
TI  - A descriptive analysis of infant social referencing.
AB  - The study was designed to provide a descriptive analysis of the frequency and
      patterning of social referencing in a seminaturalistic setting. 32 infants, half
      of them 12 and half 18 months old, were observed exploring a caged rabbit with
      their mothers present. Referencing was operationalized as looks directed toward
      the mother following a look to the rabbit, accompanied by quizzical facial or
      vocal expressions. As a function of initial reaction to the rabbit, the infants
      were classified as wary or bold. Wary infants were more likely to reference their
      mothers when the rabbit was first presented; however, as the exploration period
      progressed, bold and wary infants referenced equally often. Referencing occurred
      less often than affective sharing; it increased in frequency when the mother was
      instructed to actively offer information and the infant no longer needed to
      solicit information by looking at her. Mothers directed both affective and
      instrumental information to their infants, providing affective information
      through facial expressions and tone of voice, and emphasizing instrumental
      information in the semantic content of their vocalizations.

PMID- 3383672
TI  - Social support, locus of control, and parenting in three low-income groups of
      mothers: black teenagers, black adults, and white adults.
AB  - Mother's social support, their instrumental use of extended family members and of
      professionals for help, and their sense of personal control were examined as
      predictors of parenting skill in 3 groups of low-income women. Separate
      regression models were generated for black adult mothers, white adult mothers,
      and black teen mothers, all of whom had at least 1 infant. Black teen and white
      adult mothers who sought help with child-rearing problems from extended family
      members were more skillful parents. Among white mothers, use of professionals for
      help with child-rearing problems and mothers' sense of internal control were also
      significant predictors. Black adult mothers' parenting skill was predicted only
      by locus of control. These prediction models suggest that in 2 of the groups,
      social ties to significant others were the linkages through which child-rearing
      information flowed to affect parenting behavior.

PMID- 3383673
TI  - Social-emotional adaptation and infant-mother attachment in siblings: role of the
      mother in cross-sibling consistency.
AB  - We investigated concordance in social-emotional behavior and attachment of first-
      and secondborn siblings from 65 families. Both children were seen at 24 months in
      a problem-solving procedure and at 12 months in the Strange Situation. Maternal
      behavior at 24 months also was examined. Child behaviors at 24 months showed
      trends toward concordance across siblings. Maternal behavior was significantly
      stable across siblings and correlated significantly with child competence. In
      post-hoc analyses, the sample was split into 2 groups: maternal behavior stable
      (N = 36) and maternal behavior unstable. In the first group, cross-sibling
      correlations were significant and larger than for the whole sample; in the second
      group, cross-sibling correlations were low and nonsignificant. There also was
      significant concordance across siblings in attachment classification. These data
      suggest that it is essential to consider the care received by different children
      in investigating similarities in siblings' behavior.

PMID- 3383674
TI  - Fathers' involvement in the care of their infants and their attributions of
      cognitive competence to infants.
AB  - The relation between fathers' involvement in the care of their infants and their
      attributions of cognitive-social skills to infants was investigated in this
      study. 160 pairs of parents of 9-month-old infants were interviewed. On the
      average, fathers were available to their infants 2.75 hours per weekday and spent
      45-50 min interacting with them. They performed 1 caretaking activity per day,
      and took sole responsibility for the infant only about once in 10 days. Results
      indicate that fathers who are less involved in child care attribute lesser
      competence to infants than relatively more involved fathers, that fathers in
      general attribute lesser competence to infants than mothers, and that the more
      involved a father is in infant care, the less difference there is between his
      attributions and those of his wife's. These results raise the possibility that
      involvement in care and perception of infants as cognitively competent are
      mutually reinforcing.

PMID- 3383675
TI  - The development of volitional behavior in the toddler years.
AB  - In order to generate a description of early volitional skills, toddlers'
      abilities to match their activities to externally defined task standards and to
      monitor and control activities with respect to outcomes were studied. Children
      between 15 and 35 months were observed as they engaged in a series of play and
      clean-up tasks. The results showed that there is a consistent developmental
      pattern in the extent to which children focus on producing outcomes (rather than
      on acting for its own sake), the extent to which they monitor, correct, and
      control activities, and the frequency with which they react to their outcomes
      with positive affect. These patterns are interpreted in terms of changes in the
      representation of actions, self-regulation abilities, and the active involvement
      of the self in actions.

PMID- 3383676
TI  - Combinatorial skills: converging developments over the second year.
AB  - Toddlers' combinatorial abilities were examined over several behavioral domains
      as a function of age (20 and 27 months) and task demands (familiarity of
      components, length of combinations, complexity of combinations,
      centered/decentered focus of action, behavioral domain). 6 specific domains were
      represented. Children's combinations were observed during elicited imitation in 4
      of the domains (object play, pretense, social play, motor play) and spontaneous
      production in 2 others (language and peer-directed social overtures). Relative to
      younger children, older children produced more combinations of at least 2 or 3
      discrete behaviors in every domain, including peer interaction, and fewer
      noncombinatorial behaviors. Consistent relations were also found across domains
      for production of combinations, that is, children who produced more combinations
      in one domain also did so in others. Finally, 4 of the 5 manipulated task demands
      proved to affect performance. Results are discussed in terms of possible age
      related constraints on combinatorial skills that operate at a general, cross
      domain level during toddlerhood.

PMID- 3383677
TI  - Physiological reactivity to responsive and unresponsive children as moderated by
      perceived control.
AB  - 80 undergraduate women, pretested on the Parent Attribution Test (PAT), watched
      videotapes of responsive and unresponsive children in anticipation of subsequent
      interaction with them. Physiological measures (heart rate, skin temperature, and
      skin conductance) were monitored as subjects viewed videotapes and during a
      postinterview. Subjects who perceived caregiving failure as uncontrollable (on
      the PAT) were significantly more reactive to variations in child responsiveness
      than were those who perceived failure as controllable. The highest level of
      arousal (elevated heart rate and skin conductance) was manifested by "low
      control" women anticipating interaction with unresponsive children. The increased
      arousal level shown in reaction to unresponsive children was accompanied by
      decreased skin temperature--suggesting the presence of fear or anxiety. Results
      were interpreted as indicating the importance of social cognitions as moderators
      of caregiver response to child behavior.

PMID- 3383678
TI  - The development of referential communication: speaking to different listeners.
AB  - Referential communication can be conceptualized as consisting of substantive
      knowledge, enabling skills, and procedural rule knowledge. One type of procedural
      rule is to tailor a message to the needs of one's listener. 2 studies
      investigated whether children vary the amount of information in a message
      (contrastive or redundant) as a function of either sharing a previous experience
      with that listener or the age of the listener. First- (M = 6-8), fourth- (M = 9
      9), and fifth- (M = 10-8) grade speakers played a referential communication game
      with a fictitious listener. All children were more likely to give redundant
      messages to listeners with whom they had no common shared experience or to
      strangers than to listeners with whom they had shared a previous experience. Only
      the older children, however, varied the type of redundant messages in keeping
      with the needs of the listeners. Furthermore, the older children were more likely
      to vary how much information they included in their messages as a function of the
      listener's age. Discussion focuses on the need to consider the acquisition of
      communicative competence as the acquisition of specific skills within the context
      of specific tasks.

PMID- 3383679
TI  - Conceptual perspective taking: children's ability to distinguish what they know
      from what they see.
AB  - One part of understanding the difference between external reality and mental life
      involves the ability to differentiate what is seen from what is known. This
      research investigated the development of children's ability to make the seeing
      knowing distinction in the context of conceptual perspective taking. In
      Experiment 1, 2 developmental levels were found to account for children's
      performance when asked about a naive observer's knowledge of the identity of
      objects. At Level 1 (from about 4-6 years of age), children tend to behave as if
      seeing part of an object is sufficient for someone to share the children's
      knowledge of the object's identity. Even at 4 years of age, however, children
      often realize that a small, nondescript part of an object does not provide
      sufficient information for an observer to know the object's present actions
      (e.g., that a rabbit is jumping) or nonperceptual information about the object
      (e.g., that the rabbit has a brother). At Level 2 (after about 6 years of age),
      children appreciate that someone who shares their visual perspective may not be
      able to identify the object in view. In Experiment 2, 4- and 6-year-old children
      were given training designed to make them aware that there may be many
      interpretations for the same information. 4-year-old children in the training
      condition performed significantly better on subsequent perspective-taking tasks.

PMID- 3383680
TI  - Children's use of personality attributions to predict other people's emotional
      and behavioral reactions.
AB  - This study examines children's abilities to take other people's personality
      traits into account when predicting their future emotional and behavioral
      reactions to events. Kindergarten, second-grade, fourth-grade, and college
      students listened to a series of stories. Each story described 3 examples of a
      child's past behavior from which a personality trait could be inferred. Subjects
      were asked to predict and explain the story character's behavioral or emotional
      reaction to a new event. Their responses were compared to those of subjects who
      were not given any information about the protagonist's past behavior, and to
      those of subjects who received prompts. There was an increase with age in the use
      of personality attributions to predict and explain future reactions. Subjects
      were more influenced by the trait information when predicting behavior than when
      predicting emotion. Understanding emotion may be more difficult in that it
      requires a conceptualization of personality traits as implying thoughts and
      feelings, as well as behavioral dispositions.

PMID- 3383681
TI  - Multiple sources of data on social behavior and social status in the school: a
      cross-age comparison.
AB  - Behavioral data relating to peer social status were collected from peers,
      teachers, and observers on both first- and third-grade boys (ages 6-7 and 8-9
      years, respectively). Peer and teacher ratings had greater intermethod agreement
      than observer data, although all 3 sources provided evidence that rejected and
      controversial boys were more aggressive than other boys. However, relatively
      little aggression was observed among the older boys, indicating that peers and
      teachers may be better sources of information about aggression in this group.
      Observational data differentiated among status groups on measures of activity (on
      task vs. off-task, and prosocial play vs. solitary activity) for both age groups.
      Rejected boys displayed little prosocial behavior according to peers and
      teachers, but were not less often engaged in prosocial play, according to
      observers. Neglected boys were the most solitary group during play; however,
      teachers rated rejected boys as the most solitary, contrary to observations.
      Controversial boys were seen as highly aggressive by all sources but as highly
      prosocial only by peers and observers.

PMID- 3383682
TI  - [Expanded lymph node dissection in stomach and colorectal cancer--uses and
      risks].

PMID- 3383683
TI  - [Necrosectomy and bursa lavage in necrotizing pancreatitis. Results of a
      prospective clinical study].
AB  - In a prospectively performed clinical trial a surgical management protocol
      including necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage of the necrosis cavity and
      the omental bursa was applied in 95 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. In
      80% of them severe organ failures occurred preoperatively, in spite of intensive
      care treatment. The median value of early prognostic signs of these patients was
      4.5. Intraoperatively 59% showed extended pancreatic necroses and 66% an
      extension of the necroses into extrapancreatic tissue structures; in 42% bacteria
      were detected in the necrotic material. After necrosectomy the postoperative
      local lavage was performed for an average period of 25 days with 8 1 of lavage
      fluid per 24 hours in median. The average intensive care period came to 7.0 days,
      the average postoperative hospital time was 60 days. The hospital mortality
      amounted to 8.4%. The advantage of this management protocol including
      necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage lies in the continuous emptying of
      vasoactive and toxic substances, germs and necrotic material.

PMID- 3383684
TI  - [Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract].
AB  - Recent progress in polychemotherapy employed in the treatment of gastrointestinal
      lymphomas has markedly improved prognosis. Between 1980 and 1986, 22 patients
      with malignant lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract were treated at the
      Department of Surgery at the Hanusch Medical Center, in cooperation with the
      Department of Hematology and Oncology. 19 patients underwent surgery. The average
      observation time was 29 months. The rate of survival after 36 months was 64% in
      the entire patient population. Palliative-surgical interventions combined with
      chemotherapy equally produced satisfactory results.

PMID- 3383685
TI  - [Limb-sparing surgery in recurrent soft tissue sarcomas?].
AB  - Limb sparing resection in combination with radio-chemotherapy is recommended in
      cases of locally recurrent soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. The clinical
      results of 41 patients, who underwent radical resection and additional plastic
      surgical reconstructive procedures for functional improvement are discussed. The
      integration of patients suffering from soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities
      into the treatment protocols of interdisciplinary tumor boards is mandatory.

PMID- 3383686
TI  - [Plasma cell granuloma of the lung (inflammatory pseudotumor). A differential
      diagnostic contribution to the "pulmonary coin lesion"].

PMID- 3383687
TI  - [Possibility for surgical management of femur shaft fracture in osteopetrosis
      (marble bone disease, Albers-Schonberg disease)].

PMID- 3383688
TI  - [Clinico-pathological analysis of causes of perinatal death].

PMID- 3383689
TI  - [Intrapartum amnio-infusion for replacement of meconium-stained amniotic fluid].

PMID- 3383690
TI  - [Clinical comparison between two sets of fetal electrocardiographs].

PMID- 3383691
TI  - [Changing incidence and management of pregnancy with heart diseases in woman
      textile workers in the last 30 years].

PMID- 3383692
TI  - [Special types of leiomyoma: analysis of 52 cases].

PMID- 3383693
TI  - [Production of polyclonal antibody against ovarian epithelial carcinoma and its
      use in tumor localization].

PMID- 3383694
TI  - [Long-term follow-up of serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and borderline
      epithelial tumors of the ovary].

PMID- 3383695
TI  - [Determination of metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in the
      endometrium in normal women and patients with metrorrhagia].

PMID- 3383696
TI  - [Genetic effects of clomiphene citrate].

PMID- 3383697
TI  - [Plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 levels in normal
      pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension].

PMID- 3383698
TI  - [Histomorphometry of the placenta in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy].

PMID- 3383699
TI  - Sequence of centromere separation: generation of unstable multicentric
      chromosomes in a rat cell line.
AB  - A transformed cell line, B1, of cerebral endothelial origin from the Wistar-Kyoto
      male rat has chromatid and chromosome type bridges in virtually every cell. It
      exhibits various dicentric and polycentric chromosomes. Most dicentrics are
      symmetric isochromosomes. Certain isodicentrics are present in a fair segment of
      the cell population; however, almost all cells have some newly arising
      isodicentrics. The live cells show a lengthened prometaphase. Anaphase is also
      retarded possibly due to the occurrence of bridges. At anaphase some
      multicentrics split at only one centromere. When pulled to the two poles the
      unsplit centromeres and the distal chromosome segment form a side arm bridge.
      Another mechanism appears to be a total lack of separation of daughter
      centromeres at meta-anaphase ('meiotic-like' behavior of mitotic chromosomes).
      This is realized by the pulling of each of the two unsplit centromeres to
      opposite poles and results in bridges with both sister chromatids running
      parallel to each other. A break at corresponding weak points in the two sister
      chromatids followed by rejoining can form a dicentric isochromosome. A third
      mechanism, the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, is also operative but would not
      produce isodicentrics. In the case of the first two mechanisms some or all
      centromeres apparently split between telophase and onset of the following DNA
      synthesis rather than at the usual time at late metaphase. These observations may
      suggest some previously unknown behavior of multicentric chromosomes during
      mitosis.

PMID- 3383700
TI  - Spreading synaptonemal complexes from Zea mays. I. No synaptic adjustment of
      inversion loops during pachytene.
AB  - Four different inversion heterozygotes of maize were examined for the occurrence
      of synaptic adjustment. Three substages of pachytene were identified in
      synaptonemal complex (SC) spreads using side-by-side comparisons of chromosome
      squashes with two-dimensional spreads of SCs. In SC spreads, inversion loop
      frequency did not change substantially from early through late pachytene for any
      of the four inversion heterozygotes examined. In addition, the position and size
      of the inversion loops remained essentially constant throughout pachytene. These
      results indicate that synaptic adjustment of inversion loops does not occur
      during pachytene in Zea mays.

PMID- 3383701
TI  - Time course of sister chromatid exchanges and gene amplification induced by 1
      beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in V79-AP4 Chinese hamster cells.
AB  - To investigate the induction of gene amplification by a transient inhibition of
      DNA synthesis, V79-AP4 Chinese hamster cells were treated with 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC). At given intervals after the treatment, the
      frequency of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA)-resistant colony-forming cells
      was determined. The data indicate that PALA resistance was enhanced by araC
      treatment and that this effect was essentially due to the amplification of the
      CAD gene. Moreover, by analysing the kinetics of induction of PALA resistance it
      was found that its time course paralleled araC induction of sister chromatid
      exchanges (SCEs). These results suggest that gene amplification and SCE occur in
      the same target cells.

PMID- 3383702
TI  - Sequence of centromere separation: differential replication of pericentric
      heterochromatin in multicentric chromosomes.
AB  - The dicentric and multicentric chromosomes in L cells and a brain tumor cell line
      of mouse display only one site of kinetochore formation associated with the
      'active' centromere. The accessory or 'inactive' centromeres show premature
      separation. These cell lines were treated with 10(-6) M 5-bromodeoxyuridine
      (BrdUrd) followed by anti-BrdUrd antibody to study the pattern of replication of
      pericentric heterochromatin flanking the active vs inactive centromeres.
      Regardless of its quantity, heterochromatin around the inactive centromere
      replicates earlier than that associated with the active centromere. There appears
      to be a relationship between the timing of separation of a centromere and the
      timing of replication of pericentric heterochromatin. The premature replication
      of heterochromatin associated with an inactive centromere may be responsible for
      its premature separation and, hence, inactivity.

PMID- 3383703
TI  - [X-ray analysis of bone changes in beta thalassemia major].

PMID- 3383704
TI  - [Anatomic-radiologic investigation of degenerative cervical vertebrae in
      cadavers].

PMID- 3383705
TI  - [Spondyloepiphysial dysplasia tarda].

PMID- 3383706
TI  - [Quantitative measurement of bone mineral content of the radius in normal
      individuals using the gamma-ray absorption method].

PMID- 3383707
TI  - [CT study of primary intraspinal tumors].

PMID- 3383708
TI  - [Observation on nasopharyngeal cancer treated by radiotherapy and oral
      levamisole].

PMID- 3383709
TI  - [Cartilage damage caused by intra-articular injection of prednisolone].

PMID- 3383710
TI  - [Collateral circulation of experimental renal artery embolization].

PMID- 3383711
TI  - [Aneurysmal bone cyst: an analysis of 91 cases].

PMID- 3383712
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia].

PMID- 3383713
TI  - [Non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis: clinical and pathological
      analysis of 77 cases].

PMID- 3383714
TI  - [Treatment of mitral stenosis with percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
      Follow-up analysis of the results of 26 cases by echocardiography].

PMID- 3383715
TI  - [Treatment of acute hemorrhagic-necrotic pancreatitis].

PMID- 3383716
TI  - [Determination of serum glutathione S-transferase activity in patients with viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 3383717
TI  - [Clues to the etiological diagnosis of long-term high fever through analysis of
      389 hospitalized cases].

PMID- 3383718
TI  - Protein binding of phenytoin and lidocaine in pediatric patients with type I
      diabetes mellitus.
AB  - We evaluated serum protein binding of phenytoin and lidocaine, the extent of
      albumin and hemoglobin glycation, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentrations in
      47 children and adolescents (9-17 years) with type I diabetes mellitus (DM).
      Serum was incubated with phenytoin (n = 47) and lidocaine (n = 32) to yield total
      concentrations of 19.4 +/- 1.34 and 4.6 +/- 0.5 mg/l, respectively. A serum
      ultrafiltrate was prepared from an aliquot of each sample by membrane
      centrifugation. Total and free concentrations of phenytoin (free fraction 8.3 +/-
      1.0%) and lidocaine (free fraction 25.8 +/- 11.6%) were determined using a
      fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique. A linear relationship (r = 0.63,
      p = 0.0001, y = 40.1 + [-0.2x]) was also found between the alpha-1-acid
      glycoprotein concentration (68.5 +/- 20.9 mg%, range 47.2-134.7 mg%) and
      lidocaine-free fraction (n = 32). No relationship existed between the extent of
      glycated albumin and the lidocaine-free fraction, in contrast to the linear
      correlation (r = 0.49, p = 0.0005, y = 3.7 + 0.4x) found between the extent of
      glycated albumin and the free fraction of phenytoin in serum (n = 47). A similar
      correlation (r = 0.49, p = 0.014, y = 3.7 + 0.3x) was found between glycated
      albumin (%) and the phenytoin-free fraction (3.9 +/- 0.9%) when examined in a
      separate (n = 17) set of patient samples spiked to contain a total serum
      phenytoin concentration of 32.6 +/- 1.4 (range 29.4-35.7) mg/l. Our data
      demonstrate a predictable increase in the free fraction of phenytoin as the
      extent of albumin glycation increases in pediatric patients with type I DM who
      are in poor glycemic control. This relationship was not found for lidocaine, a
      representative basic compound. These findings suggest that glycation of albumin
      alters the binding of phenytoin in children and adolescents with type I DM.

PMID- 3383719
TI  - Comparison between serum isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) levels and urinary
      sulfadimidine (sulfamethazine) acetylation as predictors of INH acetylator
      status.
AB  - The acetylator status of 40 children with pulmonary tuberculosis was investigated
      by (1) sulfadimidine (SDM; sulfamethazine) acetylation test in urine and (2)
      estimation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) levels. The antimode was at 70%
      based on the frequency distribution of SDM acetylation. Children acetylating less
      than 70% of administered SDM were taken as slow acetylators while those with more
      than 70% as rapid acetylators. The serum INH antimode was at 0.85 micrograms/ml.
      Thus serum values less than 0.85 micrograms/ml categorised a child as rapid and
      those with more than 0.85 micrograms/ml as slow acetylators. The sensitivity of
      these two methods was similar with a correlation coefficient r = 0.64. Thus the
      determination of the type of acetylator by SDM acetylation test is equally
      reliable and technically simpler and is recommended instead of INH serum
      concentration.

PMID- 3383720
TI  - Protein kinase C in the developing rat liver, heart and brain.
AB  - Ontogenic changes of protein kinase C in the rat liver, heart and cerebrum were
      examined from 17-day gestation until adult. Cerebral protein kinase C activity
      was 19 times less at 17-day fetal as compared to 15-day postnatum or older rats.
      The enzyme activity in the heart was generally higher in the neonatal period than
      the adult, but was not correlated with the previously reported alpha 1-adrenergic
      and cholinergic receptor ontogeny. Likewise in the liver, the enzyme activity was
      not correlated with previously reported alpha 1-adrenergic and vasopressin
      receptor ontogeny. No correlation between protein kinase C and cyclic AMP
      dependent protein kinase activities was found among these tissues. The enzyme
      distribution expressed by a cytosol/particulate ratio of 0.72, 2.41 and 0.64 in
      the liver, heart and brain, respectively, in 20-day fetus was similar to adult
      values. We conclude that there is a discrete ontogenic pattern of protein kinase
      C in each organ and it does not seem to be correlated with the ontogenic pattern
      of hormone receptors which relate to phosphatidylinositol breakdown. The precise
      role of protein kinase C in relationship to growth and differentiation needs to
      be further investigated.

PMID- 3383721
TI  - Effect of chronic propranolol on growth of newborn beagle puppies.
AB  - To evaluate the effect of chronic propranolol on body growth and organ size,
      newborn beagle puppies were assigned to each of three treatment groups: high
      propranolol (18 mg/kg/day); low propranolol (6 mg/kg/day), and control. Heart
      rate and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower in animals receiving
      propranolol (p less than 0.001). There were no significant differences between
      groups at any time during the 6 months of observation in length, weight and
      necropsy wet weights or histology of brain, heart, kidney, lung, liver, thyroid,
      pancreas, adrenal, pituitary, prostate or gonad, or in humerus and femur length.
      Chronic propranolol therapy had no apparent effect on body growth and individual
      organ size of normal newborn beagle puppies.

PMID- 3383722
TI  - Vitamin K1 diffusion across the placental barrier in the gravid female rat.
AB  - The hemorrhagic disease of the newborn can be prevented by administration of
      vitamin K1. The modes of utilization of the vitamin need to be studied in the
      mother and child. An experimental pharmacokinetic study was conducted, using the
      gravid female rat. Results showed rapid intestinal absorption of phylloquinone.
      The fetus plasma concentration rose from 8.6 micrograms/l at time 0 to 0 to 44.3
      micrograms/l at 8 h. Such an increase is an evidence of phylloquinone diffusion
      across the placenta. The phenomenon requires a high gradient. On the other hand,
      maximum plasma concentrations are not reached until the 8th hour.

PMID- 3383723
TI  - Development of phenobarbital glucosidation in the human neonate.
AB  - Phenobarbital-N-glucoside (PNG) has recently been identified as a significant
      metabolite of phenobarbital (PB). Five neonates treated with PB alone for
      seizures were studied. Serum concentration of PB ranged from 30 to 80 mg/l.
      Serial single daily voided specimens were analyzed for PB, PNG, and total p
      hydroxyphenobarbital (PHPB). PNG was detected on the 14th day of life in 1
      patient, who was the oldest by gestational age. On the 20th day of life, PNG
      accounted for 50% of the dose excreted in the urine. No PNG was detected in other
      patients by the 12th, 15th, or 16th day of life. PHPB was found on day 4, in the
      first urine examined, in the patient who made PNG. In other patients, PHPB was
      first excreted on the 4th day of life in 2 patients and on the 10th day in 2. It
      appears that N-glucosidation, when activated, rapidly becomes a significant route
      for PB metabolism in the neonate.

PMID- 3383724
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous propranolol in the intact immature
      mammalian heart.
AB  - Using intracardiac electrogram recording and stimulation techniques, 13 neonatal
      puppies (3-15 days) and 9 adult dogs were studied following cumulative doses of
      intravenous propranolol. Although propranolol caused a dose-dependent increase in
      the sinus cycle length in both groups, the increase was significantly less in the
      neonates than in the adults. In both groups the pacing interval resulting in
      atrioventricular (AV) nodal Wenckebach was increased significantly by
      propranolol; however, the increase was again less in the neonates than in the
      adults. There were comparable dose-dependent increases in atrial and ventricular
      refractoriness in both neonate and adult groups.

PMID- 3383726
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in lung of developing rats.
AB  - The muscarin-specific radioligand 1-quinuclidinyl-[phenyl-4-3H]-benzilate was
      used to determine the development of muscarinic receptors in particulate
      membranes of rat lung. Postnatal development is associated with a decrease in the
      number of binding sites (Bmax). Bmax was 65.61 +/- 11.33 fmol/mg protein in 21
      day-old rat fetuses and it decreased to 36.64 +/- 10.18 at postnatal day 1, 32.37
      +/- 4.99 at day 7 and 16.15 +/- 4.13 fmol/mg protein at 2 months. Bmax at 2
      months was significantly different from all the others (Dunnett's test). The
      dissociation constant Kd was 0.25 nM in 2-month-old animals and it did not
      undergo significant changes during development.

PMID- 3383725
TI  - Pulmonary and systemic vascular effects of serotonin in conscious newborn lambs.
AB  - There is evidence that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) may be released from
      pulmonary neuroendocrine cells during hypoxia in animals. Because there are few
      data regarding serotonin's effect on the immature pulmonary circulation, we
      studied the direct pulmonary (and systemic) vascular effects of this amine in
      awake lambs. As has been observed in mature animals, we found that serotonin is a
      powerful pulmonary and systemic vasoconstrictor, with a threshold of 3
      micrograms/kg in immature lambs. However, unlike in mature animals,
      phenoxybenzamine, 2 mg/kg, prevented both the pulmonary (and systemic)
      vasoconstriction seen with serotonin. Serotonin is a powerful pulmonary
      vasoconstrictor in immature lambs, which is consistent with the idea that release
      of serotonin from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells may play a role in the hypoxic
      pulmonary vasoconstrictor response.

PMID- 3383727
TI  - Primidone and phenobarbital during lactation period in epileptic women: total and
      free drug serum levels in the nursed infants and their effects on neonatal
      behavior.
AB  - A total of 35 newborns whose mothers had been treated with either primidone
      (PMD), phenobarbital (PB) or a combination of one of these drugs with other
      antiepileptic drugs were included in this study. Fetal/maternal serum
      concentration ratios at birth, milk/serum concentration ratios and neonatal half
      lives were determined for PMD, PB and phenylethylmalondiamide (PEMA). Steady
      state serum levels of PMD in 2 nursed infants were 2.5 and 0.7 micrograms/ml,
      respectively, for PEMA values of 1.4 and 0.4 micrograms/ml. PB steady-state
      concentrations ranged between 2.0 and 13.0 micrograms/ml (6 infants). Maternal PB
      serum protein binding did not change during and after pregnancy. Neonatal free
      fraction values at birth were similar to maternal values: 63.2 +/- 17.2% (n =
      11). In the postnatal period, however, PB free-fraction values rose to more than
      90% in some infants. In one case, neonatal free concentrations of PB were even
      higher during the 1st week after birth than the corresponding maternal values.
      Symptoms of sedation were observed in these neonates for which elevated free
      fraction values of PB could be responsible. Behavior problems, such as withdrawal
      symptoms, were observed in neonates who eliminated PMD with short half-lives,
      while other infants with longer PMD half-lives or slower elimination because of
      nursing showed no such symptoms.

PMID- 3383728
TI  - Developmental changes in the effects of nadolol on adult and neonatal canine
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - We used standard microelectrode techniques to determine developmental differences
      in the direct membrane and beta-blocking effects of nadolol on the
      electrophysiologic properties of adult and neonatal canine Purkinje fibers (PF).
      To study direct membrane effects, we superfused PF with nadolol 1 X 10(-8)-1 X
      10(-4) M while stimulating them at a BCL of 800 ms. Nadolol less than 1 X 10(-5)
      M had no effect on the transmembrane potential in either age group. Nadolol,
      greater than or equal to 1 X 10(-5) M, increased action potential duration at
      100% repolarization (APD100) in adult fibers and nadolol, 1 X 10(-4) M, decreased
      Vmax and APD at 50% repolarization (APD50) in neonatal fibers (p less than 0.05).
      The beta-blocking effects of nadolol were studied by examining the chronotropic
      response in automatic PF to cumulative doses of l-isoproterenol.HCl 3 X 10(-10)-3
      X 10(-6) M, alone and then in the continued presence of nadolol 5 X 10(-8)-5 X
      10(-6) M. Nadolol caused a concentration-dependent shift to the right of the
      concentration-response curve in both age groups. pA2 determinations in adult
      (7.88) and neonatal (7.57) PF indicated that there was no developmental
      difference in the affinity of nadolol for the beta-receptor (p greater than
      0.05). Our results indicate that nadolol shows developmental changes in its
      direct membrane effects but not its beta-blocking effects. The latter
      characteristic differs from that of the more highly lipid-soluble beta-blocker,
      propranolol. This suggests that different beta-blocking molecules have differing
      abilities to block the beta-receptor at different ages that are influenced
      importantly by their lipid solubility.

PMID- 3383729
TI  - In vitro carbon monoxide production by the small intestine of suckling and adult
      Wistar rats: effect of parenteral tin-protoporphyrin.
AB  - Single subcutaneous doses (25 mumol/kg body weight) of tin-protoporphyrin (TP), a
      potent competitive inhibitor or heme oxygenase (HO), were administered to both
      suckling and adult Wistar rats. The effect of TP on the carbon monoxide excretion
      rate (VeCO), an index of total bilirubin formation, and on in vitro carbon
      monoxide (CO) production by the small intestine were evaluated. Whereas the VeCO
      of the adult group was decreased (p less than 0.0005) after TP, that of the
      suckling rat was unchanged. Gradients of CO production along the small intestine
      were observed in sucklings as well as adults; however, these gradients were in
      opposite directions. Intestinal CO production was greatest in the adult duodenum,
      decreasing distally; conversely, the CO production was greatest in the suckling
      ileum, decreasing proximally. No significant difference in CO production between
      control and TP-treated adult intestinal mucosa was observed. In sucklings, a
      significant reduction of intestinal CO production in the TP-treated rats was
      detected in the duodenum only (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that
      suckling rats differ from adults in terms of the capacity to produce CO and the
      direction of the gradient of CO production along the intestine. We conclude that
      (1) TP may not substantially decrease the in vivo production of CO by the small
      intestine at a dose which inhibits hepatic and splenic heme oxygenase, and (2)
      because after a heme load, heme is excreted into the intestine after TP
      administration, heme-degrading, CO-producing processes in the intestine may
      contribute to an animal's VeCO under such conditions.

PMID- 3383731
TI  - Effect of hematocrit concentration on blood glucose value determined on
      Glucometer II.
AB  - Nineteen patient blood samples each with modified hematocrit concentrations of
      approximately 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60%, were assayed for their glucose
      concentration by the Glucometer II. Blood removal from the test strip was by the
      one- and two-blot techniques. The reference method was the Yellow Springs
      Instruments (YSI) blood glucose analyzer. Glucometer II results were falsely high
      for the single blot (13-59%, mean 33%) and double blot (12-41%, mean 19%) at 20%
      hematocrit and falsely low at 60% hematocrit for the single blot (22-44%, mean
      37%) and the double blot (26-49%, mean 43%). At 40-50% hematocrit, Glucometer II
      and YSI results agreed only for the one-blot technique.

PMID- 3383730
TI  - Relationship of body fat distribution pattern to atherogenic risk factors in
      NIDDM. Preliminary results.
AB  - Because recent knowledge indicates that the distribution of fat deposits in men
      may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the degree of obesity
      alone, some risk factors for atherosclerosis were evaluated in 51 middle-aged men
      with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Abdominal adiposity (waist/hip
      ratio, WHR) was related to parameters of metabolic control, lipid parameters, and
      known vascular complications in three different groups. In groups with abdominal
      obesity, mean annual hemoglobin A1 was significantly (P less than .01) higher
      than in patients without an abdominal fat distribution. Atherogenic index was
      significantly increased in the group with the highest WHR and high-density
      lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) levels were significantly decreased in both
      groups with upper-body fat distribution. The frequency of peripheral vascular
      disease, coronary ischemic heart disease, and hypertension was most prominent in
      diabetic subjects with an abdominal fat mass distribution. A highly significant
      (P less than .001) correlation was present between WHR and HDL-chol and WHR and
      the total-cholesterol/HDL-chol ratio; this significant correlation remains after
      correction for body mass index. A similar correlation could be found between WHR
      and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. These results demonstrate an
      association of excess abdominal fat, even without manifest obesity, with worse
      diabetes metabolic control, cardiovascular complications, and blood lipid levels
      actually considered to play an important role in atherogenesis.

PMID- 3383732
TI  - Report of the American Diabetes Association's Task Force on Nutrition.

PMID- 3383733
TI  - Starchy foods and glycemic index.
AB  - Different starchy foods produce different glycemic responses when fed
      individually, and there is some evidence that this also applies in the context of
      the mixed meal. A major reason appears to relate to the rate at which the foods
      are digested and the factors influencing this. A similar ranking in terms of
      glycemic response to specific foods is seen independent of the carbohydrate
      tolerance status of the groups tested. Potentially clinically useful starchy
      foods producing relatively flat glycemic responses have been identified. Many of
      these are considered ethnic or traditional and include legumes; pasta; grains
      such as barley, parboiled rice, and bulgur (cracked wheat); and whole-grain
      breads such as pumpernickel. Specific incorporation of these foods into diets has
      been associated with reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and
      triglyceride levels in hyperlipidemia and with improved blood glucose control in
      insulin-dependent diabetic patients. To facilitate identification of such foods,
      it has been suggested that the glycemic response should be indexed to a standard
      (e.g., white bread) to allow comparisons to be made between the glycemic index of
      foods tested in different groups of subjects. The scope of application of this
      principle is subject to further investigation. It may be used to expand the range
      of possibly useful starchy foods for trial in the diets of diabetic patients.

PMID- 3383734
TI  - Diet and the cornerstones of diabetes.

PMID- 3383735
TI  - Diabetes patient education.

PMID- 3383736
TI  - Self-monitors of blood glucose.

PMID- 3383738
TI  - The diabetes game: coaching the players and reporting the results.

PMID- 3383737
TI  - Reassessment of GHb measurement from blood dried on filter paper.

PMID- 3383739
TI  - Helping diabetic students adjust to college.

PMID- 3383740
TI  - Grieving and the emotional response to diabetes.

PMID- 3383741
TI  - Noncompliance can be a communications problem.

PMID- 3383742
TI  - Reassurance and support.

PMID- 3383743
TI  - Selling your ideas: persuasive proposal development.

PMID- 3383744
TI  - Psychological considerations for patient selection and adjustment to insulin pump
      therapy.

PMID- 3383745
TI  - Influencing the personal meaning of diabetes: research and practice.

PMID- 3383746
TI  - Empirical identification of techniques useful for counseling patients with
      diabetes.

PMID- 3383747
TI  - Implementation of a successful bedside capillary blood glucose monitoring program
      by registered nurses in an acute care facility.

PMID- 3383749
TI  - Writing an hypothesis.

PMID- 3383748
TI  - Comparison of ease of learning of four glucose meters.

PMID- 3383750
TI  - Using pharmacy computer systems to monitor patients with diabetes.

PMID- 3383751
TI  - Use of nonnutritive and nutritive sweeteners.

PMID- 3383752
TI  - Terodiline and oxybutynin in detrusor instability.

PMID- 3383753
TI  - Contact lenses now.

PMID- 3383754
TI  - Mechanisms of subjective (sensory) irritation. Propensity to non-immunologic
      contact urticaria and objective irritation in stingers.
AB  - Subjective (sensory) irritation was studied with lactic acid test on 74 females;
      8 reacted positively with "stinging" and/or itching or burning and another 5 had
      mild subjective sensations. History of previous corresponding sensations from
      contact with cosmetic products was significantly more common in stingers than in
      non-stingers (p less than 0.001); other factors, such as dermatologic history,
      sensitivity to ultraviolet light or skin dryness had no characteristic patterns.
      In the objective, immediate non-immunologic contact urticaria tests with sorbic
      acid and benzoic acid, the stingers developed significantly more erythema to 0.5%
      sorbic acid (p less than 0.05) and to 1% benzoic acid (p less than 0.02). 1%
      sorbic acid also induced more edema in stingers (p less than 0.02). Increased
      reactivity to a 24 h sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) patch test was demonstrated only
      with laser Doppler velocimetry (p less than 0.05). Stingers and non-stingers
      reacted similarly to open, cumulative SLS irritation as measured with
      transepidermal water loss. These studies provide clinical and biological
      information about subjective irritation; the data suggest a functional
      correlation for the what had been considered a purely subjective (sensory)
      phenomena.

PMID- 3383755
TI  - [Effect of the chemical structure of low molecular weight hapten carriers on
      immunoreactivity].
AB  - Patients with demonstrated contact dermatitis to DNCB (dinitrochlorobenzene) were
      patch-tested using various dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives. These investigations
      revealed the varying sensitivities to the structural isomers DNP-L-alpha-alanine
      (59% positive) and DNP-beta-alanine (4% positive). These results are discussed
      both in connection with various sensitivity rates to other DNP compounds and
      published findings from the literature concerning the influence of structural
      factors on immune reactivity.

PMID- 3383756
TI  - [HIV testing in general practice].
AB  - In the third quarter of 1987 a questionnaire was sent to 350 consecutive patients
      of a general practice for the purpose of ascertaining patients' willingness to be
      tested (if desired, anonymously) without charge for antibodies against human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They were asked, among other questions, about their
      reasons for or against wanting the test, previous blood transfusions, drug
      dependence, homo- or bisexuality, and sexual contact with heroin addicts. Nearly
      half the questionnaires (162 were completed and returned. Of the responding
      patients 60% voted for, 40% against the test. The large majority of those for it
      reported no previous risk factors but wanted to have what they assumed would be a
      negative test confirmed in writing. In addition to this questionnaire study all
      clinical and anamnestic indications for HIV testing were documented over a six
      month period (16 cases). Two heroin addicts and a homosexual male had a positive
      anti-HIV test, while all others were negative.

PMID- 3383757
TI  - [Endoscopic implantation of a gastric balloon--a method of weight reduction with
      few complications?].
AB  - A gastric balloon was endoscopically implanted in seven over-weight (36-58%)
      patients to achieve weight reduction on an out-patient basis. During the period
      of observation four patients spontaneously passed the balloon transanally, one
      after brief intestinal obstruction with abdominal cramps and vomiting, another
      with the development of ileus, which responded to eight days of conservative
      treatment. The occurrence of such not insignificant side effects suggests that at
      present the use of endoscopic implantation of gastric balloons is not a
      reasonable way of treating obesity.

PMID- 3383758
TI  - Hearing loss in bullous myringitis.

PMID- 3383759
TI  - Clinical experiences with Kirchner's vocal cord lateralization procedure.

PMID- 3383761
TI  - Rhinolithiasis.

PMID- 3383760
TI  - Surgical localization of the internal auditory meatus in the middle cranial
      fossa.

PMID- 3383762
TI  - Atypical presentation of lymphomatoid papulosis as a neck mass.

PMID- 3383763
TI  - Bilateral branchial cleft fistulas: diagnosis and management of two cases.

PMID- 3383764
TI  - Aspergillosis of the sphenoid sinus.

PMID- 3383766
TI  - Implantable hearing devices.

PMID- 3383767
TI  - Oroantral fistula.

PMID- 3383765
TI  - Esophageal foreign body as a complication of transnasal transphenoidal
      hypophysectomy.

PMID- 3383768
TI  - Long-term results of nasal surgery in children.

PMID- 3383770
TI  - Suckling, but not formula feeding, induces a transient hyperthyroxinemia in rat
      pups.
AB  - To assess the effect of breast feeding on circulating thyroid hormone levels in
      the suckling neonate, we examined serum concentrations of T4, T3, and rT3 by RIA
      in 12- and 15-day-old rat pups fasted for 3 or 6 h before, at, and hourly for 3
      or 4 h after suckling. In both age groups, serum T4 levels decreased
      significantly in response to the 6-h fast; no significant differences were
      observed after 3 h. T3 levels in 15-day-old (but not 12-day-old) rats were
      likewise significantly depressed, and rT3 levels were higher relative to those in
      the prefast group. After a 90-min suckling period, serum total and free T4
      concentrations of 12-day-old pups increased 1 h postsuckling to levels
      significantly higher than those in the fasted animals; maximum levels were
      achieved at 2 h. T3 levels were unchanged over this period. In contrast, elevated
      total and free T4 and T3 levels and a reciprocal decrease in rT3 concentration,
      were evident immediately after the 90-min suckling period (0 h) in 15-day-old rat
      pups and increased through 1 h to levels significantly higher than those in the
      prefast group. After refeeding (0 h) of 3-h fasted pups, serum T4 levels
      increased significantly over fasted levels in suckled 12- and 15-day-old rats, as
      did T3 levels in 15-day-old pups, through 2 h postsuckling. In contrast, thyroid
      hormone levels of pups gavage-fed a commercial formula preparation at no time
      exceeded those of the prefast groups at either age, despite highly comparable
      stomach weights for both formula-fed and suckled pups at the time of refeeding.
      We conclude that 1) rat pups between the ages of 12 and 15 days postpartum become
      hypothyroxinemic between 3 and 6 h of milk deprivation, and 2) this condition is
      reversed by significant increases in T4 and T3, rendering the animal transiently
      hyperthyroxinemic after suckling, but not in response to formula feeding. Our
      data further demonstrate the critical nature of study designs involving fasts
      (either planned or incidental) of suckling rats in light of the observed
      pronounced variations in their thyroid hormone status relative to time
      postsuckling.

PMID- 3383769
TI  - Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary glands.

PMID- 3383771
TI  - The anti-bone-resorptive agent calcitonin also acts in vitro to directly increase
      bone formation and bone cell proliferation.
AB  - The studies summarized in this report were intended to determine whether salmon
      calcitonin had direct effects on bone formation indices in vitro. The results of
      these investigations demonstrate acute effects of calcitonin on skeletal tissues
      derived from embryonic chickens to increase calvarial cell proliferation
      ([3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA) and bone matrix synthesis ([3H]proline
      incorporation into collagen, as [3H]hydroxyproline) in intact calvaria and
      tibiae. The effects of calcitonin on [3H]thymidine incorporation were significant
      at 1 mU/ml (0.08 nM; P less than 0.05), additive with respect to the action(s) of
      F (calcitonin increased the maximum effect of F, and F increased the effect of
      low dose calcitonin; P less than 0.01 for each), associated with an increase in
      total cell protein (r = 0.82; P less than 0.02), and inversely dependent on
      osteoblastic differentiation (r = -0.96; P less than 0.005). The effects of
      calcitonin to increase bone matrix synthesis ([3H]hydroxyproline incorporation,
      139% and 155% of untreated control values for tibiae and calvaria, respectively;
      P less than 0.005 for each) were maximal at approximately 5 mU/ml (0.4 nM) and
      associated with a proportional increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the
      bones (r = 0.71; P less than 0.05 for tibiae). These effects of calcitonin were
      not dependent on continuous exposure. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was increased
      in calvarial cells 16 h after a 4-h limited (inductive) exposure to calcitonin
      (at 3 mU/ml; P less than 0.01). [3H]Proline incorporation in embryonic chicken
      calvaria was also increased during 3 days of limited exposure (i.e. 4 h/day) to
      10 mU/ml calcitonin (P less than 0.02). The proliferative action(s) of calcitonin
      was not unique to chicken osteoblastline cells. Salmon calcitonin also increased
      [3H]thymidine incorporation in the transformed murine calvarial cell lines MMB
      and MC-3T3-E1 and in primary cultures of cells prepared from newborn mouse
      calvaria (P less than 0.05 for each). Furthermore, these effects were observed at
      calcitonin doses (3-30 mU/ml) that also decreased murine bone resorption (i.e.
      45Ca release from prelabeled neonatal mouse calvaria; P less than 0.01).

PMID- 3383772
TI  - A monoclonal antibody to the rat nuclear triiodothyronine receptor: production
      and characterization.
AB  - The nuclear T3 receptor (NTR) was affinity-labeled with bromoacetyl-[125I]T3,
      purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from one strongly
      immunoreactive mouse were fused with Sp2 mouse myeloma cells, and 328 hybridomas
      were screened by a dot-blot immunoassay using as antigen, a preparation of NTR
      partially purified by diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex chromatography. Four positive
      cultures were thus found; three of which were confirmed by comparing Western
      blotting patterns with the electrophoretic mobility of the affinity-labeled NTR.
      One of these 3 hybridomas was further subcloned by limiting dilution and gave
      rise to the 2B3 clone, which produces an immunoglobulin of the immunoglobulin G1
      subclass. Several lines of evidence indicated that the 2B3 monoclonal antibody
      was indeed directed against the NTR. The antibody recognized a protein with the
      same electrophoretic mobility as the affinity-labeled receptor. Thus, Western
      blotting revealed a predominant protein with a mol wt of 57,000 and a less
      abundant 45,000 component on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and multiple
      isoelectric variants of the 57,000 protein, with a predominant form at pI 6.2,
      were detected on two-dimensional gels. Incubation of the 2B3 antibody with the
      NTR labeled with [125I]T3 resulted in the formation of an antibody-receptor
      complex, as indicated by a shift of the radioactivity peak upon gel filtration on
      Sephacryl S-300. In contrast, control ascitic fluid did not change the elution
      profile of the labeled NTR. The 2B3 antibody is able to remove the T3-binding
      activity from rat liver nuclear extracts. Finally, in accordance with previous T3
      binding experiments, expected amounts of NTR were found in pituitary, liver,
      brain, kidney, spleen, and testis with the use of the Western blotting technique
      and immunohistochemistry on frozen tissue sections. This antibody should prove
      useful in the characterization and purification of the NTR and also in the study
      of its distribution in different tissues and cell types.

PMID- 3383773
TI  - Effects of glutathione on iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity.
AB  - At nanomolar substrate levels, physiological concentrations (less than or equal
      to 5 mM) of glutathione (GSH) activate a low Km iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (I
      5'D) activity in renal and hepatic microsomes, but not the low Km (type II) I-5'D
      in the pituitary, cerebral cortex, or brown adipose tissue. The latter enzyme as
      well as the type I enzyme activity at micromolar substrate concentrations
      required higher (greater than 10 mM) concentrations of GSH. However, GSH appeared
      to interact with the type I and type II enzymes even at subactivation levels,
      since it inhibited the activation of these enzymes by dithiothreitol (DTT).
      Activation of the renal and hepatic low Km I-5'D by GSH resembled that by DTT in
      1) the similarity of Km values for both T4 (20 nM) and rT3 (2 nM), 2) the
      catalytic mechanism (ordered sequential with the iodothyronine as the second
      substrate), 3) the values for activation energies, and 4) sensitivity to
      inhibition by propylthiouracil. However, the low Km I-5'D activated by GSH was
      about 10-fold more sensitive to inhibition by iopanoate than when activated by
      DTT. The responsiveness of the low Km I-5'D's in renal and hepatic microsomes to
      physiological concentrations of GSH suggests their participation in the
      metabolism of iodothyronines in vivo.

PMID- 3383774
TI  - Response of hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic
      enzyme to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
AB  - Hepatic mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) and
      cytosolic malic enzyme (ME) response to a single injection of a receptor
      saturating dose of T3 were measured 10, 20, and 30 days after diabetes induction,
      and compared with values in controls either fed ad libitum (C) or under a
      restricted diet (FR). An insulin-treated diabetic (D + I) group was also
      included. Basal enzyme levels as well as enzyme response to T3 injection were
      correlated with nuclear T3 content, maximal nuclear T3-binding capacity (MBC) and
      equilibrium association constant (Ka). Diabetes for 10, 20, and 30 days was
      associated with a progressive decrease in the MBC; the mean decrease was 17%,
      50%, and 59%, respectively, from the corresponding C values. The MBC in FR
      animals did not change appreciably during the experimental period. Moreover,
      neither the decreased MBC in D groups nor MBC in C, FR, or D + I animals were
      influenced by T3 injection. The Ka values were comparable in all experimental
      groups. Specifically bound nuclear T3 was decreased within the experimental
      period between 33% and 73% in D rats and 6% and 39% in FR rats respect to C
      values. T3 injection raised the mean nuclear T3 content in all groups. However,
      at each time interval the mean values of the nuclear T3 in D groups was
      significantly lower than that in C, FR, or D + I groups after T3 injection. The
      basal alpha-GPD activity tended to be relatively stable during the experimental
      period in both D and FR rats, whereas ME activity in D and FR groups was
      decreased, respectively, 52-64% and 18-39% from C values. The response of both
      alpha-GPD and ME to T3 injection in FR rats was comparable to that of C groups.
      The alpha-GPD response to T3 in D rats was not different from that of C rats on
      days 10 and 20 of the experiment, but on day 30 it decreased by 26%. In contrast,
      the induction of ME by T3 was severely decreased (by 66-88% of C values) within
      the experimental diabetes period. Thus, the measurements made in FR rats excluded
      the possibility that the quantitative changes in the enzyme response to T3 in D
      rats were nutrition-dependent. The differences between the response of alpha-GPD
      and ME to T3 in D rats suggest that cellular factors play a role in inhibiting or
      increasing the response to a given concentration of the T3-receptor complex.

PMID- 3383775
TI  - Molecular effects of antiestrogens (tamoxifen and LY117018) on estrogen-dependent
      glycoprotein (USP-1) synthesized and secreted by rat uterine epithelial cells.
AB  - We have previously identified and characterized a 97K secretory glycoprotein
      (uterine secretory protein-1:USP-1) synthesized and secreted by rat uterine
      epithelial cells under estrogen stimulation. We now have analyzed the qualitative
      and quantitative effects of antiestrogens (tamoxifen and LY117018) on the
      induction of USP-1 biosynthesis when administered alone or combined with 17 beta
      estradiol (E2). By radioimmune precipitation assay of [35S]methionine-labeled
      uterine luminal fluid proteins, it was shown that tamoxifen and LY117018 could
      weakly induce USP-1 compared with E2. Concomitant administration of either
      tamoxifen or LY117018 with E2 significantly diminished the effects of E2 on USP-1
      induction. Hence, both tamoxifen and LY117018 possess agonistic as well as
      antagonistic properties affecting the induction of USP-1. These agonistic effects
      of antiestrogens were also evident from the presence of USP-1 in rat uterine
      epithelial cells treated with antiestrogens, as revealed by immunohistochemical
      staining. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of immunoprecipitable
      [35S]methionine-labeled protein revealed that USP-1 induced by tamoxifen is
      larger (110K) than that induced by estrogen or LY117018 (97K). Peptide-N
      glycosidase treatment of USP-1 induced by E2 or tamoxifen removed asparagine
      linked carbohydrate chains and resulted in the appearance of polypeptides with
      apparent mol wt of 91K and 105K, respectively. Thus, the higher mol wt of
      tamoxifen-induced USP-1 is not due to changes in asparagine-linked carbohydrates.
      Since LY117018 could not induce any qualitative change in the USP-1 molecule,
      tamoxifen may act on uterine epithelial cells through a different molecular
      mechanism than LY117018.

PMID- 3383776
TI  - Diurnal rhythms in plasma melatonin concentrations in the fetal sheep and
      pregnant ewe during late gestation.
AB  - We have measured plasma melatonin (MT) concentrations in the pregnant ewe and
      fetal sheep during 24-h periods between 114 and 142 days gestation. There was a
      clear diurnal rhythm in the plasma MT concentrations in both the ewe and fetus
      from 114 days gestation. Blood samples were also collected from the pregnant ewe
      and fetus during the day every 2-3 days from 112 days gestation to term. There
      was no gestational age trend in maternal or fetal day time plasma MT
      concentrations during late pregnancy. To establish whether there was
      transplacental transfer of MT, pregnant ewes were injected with [3H]MT, and total
      radioactivity (disintegrations per min) was measured in maternal and fetal
      arterial plasma and in amniotic fluid collected before and for 1 h after the
      [3H]MT injection. Two minutes after [3H]MT injection, radioactivity was detected
      in both maternal and fetal sheep plasma. Extraction of fetal plasma with
      chloroform indicated that [3H]MT accounted for 48.0 +/- 7.2 (SE) % of total
      radioactivity at 2 min after the injection. In one pregnant ewe infused with
      unlabeled MT (0.3 microgram/ml saline.min for 20 min) maternal and fetal plasma
      MT concentrations increased within 6 min after the start of the MT infusion. We
      conclude that there is a diurnal rhythm in the plasma concentrations of MT in the
      fetal lamb and pregnant ewe between 114 and 142 days gestation, and that MT
      crosses the ovine placenta from the maternal to the fetal circulation. Therefore,
      the MT present in the fetal sheep circulation may be solely of maternal origin or
      it may be derived from both fetal and maternal sources.

PMID- 3383777
TI  - Expression of insulin-like growth factor I in transgenic mice with elevated
      levels of growth hormone is correlated with growth.
AB  - To study the role of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in mediating the growth
      promoting function of GH, IGF-I expression was assayed in transgenic mice
      carrying either GH or GRF fusion genes. These mice exhibit enhanced growth as a
      result of high level ectopic expression of GH and have 2-fold elevation of both
      hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels and circulating IGF-I levels. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels
      are low at birth regardless of GH levels; they increase approximately 10-fold
      during postnatal development and become GH inducible 2 weeks after birth. The
      ontogeny of circulating IGF-I is similar. Accelerated growth in transgenic mice
      with GH fusion genes commences 3 weeks after birth despite high circulating GH
      levels at least as early as birth. In addition, endogenous mouse GH-secreting
      somatotroph cells in the pituitary are present in normal numbers at 3 weeks, but
      are undetectable 4 weeks after birth. Because the time at which IGF-I expression
      becomes GH responsive slightly precedes both the initiation of accelerated growth
      and the time when endogenous GH disappears, we conclude that IGF-I is directly
      involved in mediating the GH signal and that delayed induction of IGF-I gene
      expression is responsible, at least in part, for the delayed onset of other GH
      responsive events.

PMID- 3383778
TI  - Modulation of prolactin-stimulated Nb2 lymphoma cell mitogenesis by cholera toxin
      and pertussis toxin.
AB  - We have investigated whether cholera toxin (CT)- or pertussis toxin (IAP)
      sensitive G proteins are involved in ovine (o) PRL-stimulated mitogenesis in the
      lactogen-dependent rat Nb2 node lymphoma cell line. Addition of IAP to medium
      caused a biphasic effect on oPRL-stimulated cell number. Low doses (10(-3) ng/ml)
      enhanced (mean +/- SEM, 15 +/- 3%) whereas higher doses (greater than or equal to
      10 ng/ml) inhibited (24 +/- 3%) mitogenesis stimulated by a submaximal dose of
      oPRL (0.1 ng/ml) compared to control values. The cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP also
      had a biphasic effect on cell division stimulated by submaximal doses of PRL. Low
      doses (10(-5) M) enhanced whereas higher doses (10(-3) M) inhibited Nb2 cell
      growth in response to PRL. Incubation with CT only inhibited oPRL-stimulated
      mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition (63 +/- 7%) occurred
      at a concentration of 10 ng/ml or more. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) enhanced
      mitogenesis stimulated by PRL alone and in the presence of either stimulatory or
      inhibitory doses of IAP, but PMA did not block IAP inhibition. In contrast, PMA
      had no effect on cells incubated with CT; the inhibition of PRL-stimulated cell
      division by CT remained unchanged. Lactogenic receptor-binding sites per cell and
      affinity were not significantly affected by PMA, IAP, or CT, suggesting a
      postreceptor mechanism of action. In summary, these data demonstrate that cAMP
      modifies PRL-stimulated Nb2 cell mitogenesis. The differences between IAP and CT
      (i.e. biphasic effect, degree of inhibition, and differential effect of PMA)
      suggest that these agents could also modulate PRL actions in the Nb2 cell through
      different mechanisms, including a cAMP-independent pathway.

PMID- 3383779
TI  - Discordance of serum and tissue somatomedin levels in growth hormone-stimulated
      growth in the rat.
AB  - Although the somatomedins are believed to mediate GH-induced somatic growth,
      circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) do not always
      correlate with growth rate. To evaluate a paracrine or autocrine effect that
      might explain this discordance, the concentrations of plasma and tissue IGF-I
      were compared with indices of growth in hypophysectomized rats treated with rat
      GH (rGH). The rats received a total of 250 micrograms rGH by either continuous
      pump infusion (P) or twice daily injections (I). After 4 days of treatment, the
      amounts of IGF-I present in acetic acid extracts of liver and kidney and in
      native serum were determined by RIA and related to proximal tibial epiphyseal
      plate width. Tibial epiphyseal plate width increased from 198 +/- 6 microns (mean
      +/- SE) in untreated controls to 339 +/- 13 microns in group P and 347 +/- 9
      micron in group I; weight gain was 11.6 +/- 1.0 g in group P and 9.6 +/- 0.8 g in
      group I, while control animals lost 1.0 g. Serum concentrations of IGF-I were no
      different between control animals and those in the injection group (0.91 +/- 0.06
      vs. 0.90 +/- 0.06 U/ml), whereas levels in the infusion group increased slightly
      (1.1 +/- 0.05 U/ml). In contrast, rGH administration caused tissue IGF-I to
      double in liver (control, 0.24 +/- 0.04 U/g; P, 0.51 +/- 0.03 U/g; I, 0.46 +/-
      0.05 U/g) and nearly triple in kidney (control, 0.52 +/- 0.05 U/g; P, 1.51 +/-
      0.09 U/g; I, 1.36 +/- 0.08 U/g). There was no detectable change in somatomedin
      binding protein by gel exclusion chromatography. Since the rGH administered was
      sufficient to stimulate growth and increase tissue somatomedin levels without
      corresponding increases in circulating IGF-I, an autocrine or paracrine action of
      IGF-I appears to mediate GH's initial somatogenic actions in the young rat.

PMID- 3383780
TI  - Posterior hypothalamic lesions advance the time of the pubertal changes in
      luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys.
AB  - To examine further the relationship between developmental changes in LH release
      and the onset of puberty, effects of posterior hypothalamic lesions were tested
      in ovariectomized (OVX), sexually immature female monkeys. In OVX females (n = 3)
      with sham hypothalamic lesions basal LH levels were suppressed during the
      prepubertal period until 25 months of age, when LH levels started to increase.
      The increase in basal LH continued; a 100% elevation from prepubertal levels was
      attained at 26.0 +/- 0 months of age, and a 200% elevation was attained at 31.0
      +/- 3.2 months of age. A consistent appearance of LH circadian fluctuation
      (nocturnal LH increase) with a large amplitude accompanied the initial LH
      increase. Lesions of the posterior hypothalamus (PH) in OVX animals (n = 6) at 17
      18 months of age, which we previously reported to be effective in advancing the
      onset of puberty by several months in ovarian intact monkeys, resulted in an
      early 100% increase in basal LH levels and the circadian LH fluctuation (19.5 +/-
      1.0 months of age). Basal LH levels in these animals further increased, reaching
      a 200% elevation of prelesion levels at 24.2 +/- 0.7 months of age. All of these
      LH changes with PH lesions occurred significantly (P less than 0.01) earlier than
      those in sham-lesioned animals. Lesion of the PH in OVX animals (n = 4) at 13-14
      months of age resulted in an increase in LH and the circadian LH fluctuation
      within 1 month postoperatively. However, 100% and 200% LH elevations did not
      occur until 20.8 +/- 1.0 and 24.8 +/- 1.4 months of age, respectively. These ages
      were similar to those of animals receiving lesions at 17-18 months of age, but
      much younger than those of sham controls (P less than 0.01). PH lesions in
      animals at 13-14 months of age also advanced the time of the first positive
      feedback effects of estrogen. In animals (n = 4) with PH lesions, estradiol
      benzoate induced a first LH response at 21.5 +/- 1.6 months of age, when basal LH
      was 276 +/- 83% increased from prelesion levels. This age was significantly (P
      less than 0.05) younger than that (29.3 +/- 1.9 months; n = 6) of the first LH
      surge induced by estrogen in control animals when basal LH levels attained 248 +/
      18% of prepubertal levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

PMID- 3383781
TI  - The effects of synthetic alpha-subunit peptides on thyrotropin interaction with
      its receptor.
AB  - Synthetic peptides of the alpha-subunit of human glycoprotein hormones have been
      shown previously to inhibit binding of [125I]iodo-hCG to ovarian membranes, thus
      indicating the importance of the alpha-subunit in the structure-function
      relationships of the gonadotropic hormone. These same synthetic alpha-subunit
      peptides, the sequences of which are common to all human glycoprotein hormones,
      were found to inhibit the binding of [125I]iodo-TSH to human thyroid membrane
      preparations and FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. The active portions of the subunit
      were represented in synthetic peptides alpha 21-35, alpha 31-45, alpha 26-46, and
      alpha 81-92, indicating that 2 separate sites within the alpha-subunit have
      binding activity for TSH. Peptides alpha 26-46 and alpha 31-45 were also found to
      potently inhibit the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by bovine TSH in
      TSH bioassay using FRTL-5 cells. Seven other synthetic peptides, including the
      remainder of the 92-amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit, demonstrated little
      or no ability to inhibit binding of the tracer or inhibit the bioactivity of
      intact TSH. The findings were very similar to those of previous studies involving
      hCG binding, except that the two active sites appeared to be somewhat shifted
      towards the COOH-terminal end of the subunit. These studies support the concept
      of the importance of the alpha-subunit in receptor binding of all glycoprotein
      hormones and demonstrate the utility of the overlapping synthetic peptide
      strategy in investigations of protein structure-function relationships.

PMID- 3383782
TI  - Inhibition of progesterone secretion from granulosa cells by estradiol and
      androgens in the domestic hen.
AB  - We previously reported no difference in progesterone (P4) secretion from the
      granulosa layer of the largest follicle (F1) of the domestic hen regardless of
      the maturity of the F1 follicle. However, coincubation of the granulosa and
      thecal layers resulted in inhibition of P4 secretion from the less mature F1, but
      not from the more mature F1. The goal of this study was to determine if estradiol
      (E2) and androgens secreted by the thecal layer suppress P4 production by the
      granulosa cells. We removed the granulosa layer from less mature F1 follicles and
      dispersed granulosa cells (1 x 10(5)) were incubated (3 h) in triplicate with one
      of these treatments: control, E2, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), and
      dihydrotestosterone (DHT; at concentrations of 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6), and 1 x
      10(-5) M), LH (100 ng) as well as LH plus E2, T, A, and DHT at the same
      concentrations. P4 secretion was measured in the medium and cells, and the
      experiment was replicated seven times. We found a dose-related suppression of
      basal and LH-stimulated P4 production by all steroids. In a second experiment (n
      = 3-5), we tested the specificity of the androgens in suppressing P4 production
      by granulosa cells by using the aromatase inhibitor 7-(4'-amino)phenylthio-4
      androstene-3,17-dione. This compound did not reduce the effectiveness of T in
      suppressing P4 production. Finally in Exp 3 (n = 4-7), E2 and T were tested
      individually and in combination at concentrations of 1 X 10(-8)-1 X 10(-5) M. We
      found a possible synergistic effect, in that the combination of E2 plus T
      suppressed P4 to a greater degree than either steroid alone. Our results indicate
      that 1) E2 and androgens suppress basal and LH-stimulated P4 production by
      granulosa cells in a dose-related manner; 2) androgen suppression of P4
      production is not mediated by aromatization to estrogen; and 3) the suppressive
      effects of E2 and androgens may be synergistic. We conclude that E2 and androgens
      secreted by the thecal layer may regulate P4 production by the granulosa layer.

PMID- 3383784
TI  - Organic iodine inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and growth in FRTL-5
      thyroid cells.
AB  - FRTL-5 thyroid epithelial cells in culture were used to study the possible
      inhibitory effects of iodine on thyroid growth. NaI exerted a dose-dependent,
      thyroid epithelial cell-specific inhibitory effect on [methyl-3H]thymidine
      incorporation into DNA, reduced the DNA content in the cell layer, and limited
      the increase in cell number mediated by TSH. The inhibitory effects of sodium
      iodide applied to growth stimulated by TSH-, cAMP-, and non-cAMP-dependent
      mechanisms and were prevented by 1-methylimidazole-2-thiol (methimazole) and 2
      ethylthioisonicotinamide (ethionamide). The latter findings indicate that the
      inhibitory effects of NaI are mediated by some iodine-containing organic
      compound. The inhibitory effects of organic iodine on growth subsided 24-48 h
      after removal of excess NaI from the culture medium. In contrast, NaI had no
      effect on normal rat kidney fibroblast or thyroid fibroblast [methyl-3H]thymidine
      incorporation stimulated by epidermal growth factor or serum. These data
      demonstrate a specific inhibitory effect of organic iodine on thyroid epithelial
      cell growth.

PMID- 3383783
TI  - Effects of iodine intake on thyroid secondary lysosomes after subtotal
      thyroidectomy.
AB  - This study tested the effects of different iodine intakes on thyroid
      ultrastructure and function in thyroid remnants after subtotal thyroidectomy (sub
      tx). Removal of most of the thyroid gland causes an elevation of endogenous TSH,
      which chronically stimulates the residual tissue. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were
      divided into three groups; Low Iodine Group (LIG), Moderate Iodine Group (MIG),
      and High Iodine Group (HIG). There was no significant difference among total
      thyroid weights removed by sub-tx, but thyroid remnant weights and TSH levels
      were higher at death (6 weeks after sub-tx) in LIG than in MIG and HIG. Total
      specific activities of cathepsin D and of arylsulfatase A in the sedimentable and
      nonsedimentable subcellular fractions were at least 38% lower in LIG than in MIG
      and HIG. The ratio between relative follicular volume and colloid volume
      determined by morphometry was higher in LIG than in MIG and lower in HIG than in
      MIG. Ultrastructurally, the relative volume occupied by secondary lysosomes was
      higher in HIG than in MIG, whereas the number of secondary lysosomes was not
      higher in LIG than in controls. Autoradiographic studies with 125I revealed that
      a large part of the radioactivity was in thyroid cell secondary lysosomes in MIG
      and HIG when radioiodine was injected 3 weeks before death. It is concluded that
      after sub-tx, iodine 1) regulates the weight of thyroid remnants, perhaps only
      indirectly through TSH, 2) modulates the number of secondary lysosomes in thyroid
      cells, and 3) slows down the turnover of secondary lysosomes. An iodine-deficient
      regimen impedes the secondary lysosomes to increase. Because of these findings,
      we postulate that chronic TSH stimulation along with a possible toxic role of
      iodine after sub-tx could induce an accumulation of lysosomal bodies.

PMID- 3383785
TI  - The in vitro synthesis of estrogen-dependent proteins by the baboon (Papio
      anubis) oviduct.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of estradiol and progesterone
      on the synthesis of oviduct-specific proteins and to determine if there were
      changes in the synthesis of these proteins in different regions of the oviduct.
      Ovariectomized females were either untreated, treated with estradiol for 7 or 14
      days, or primed with estradiol for 14 days and then treated with estradiol plus
      progesterone or progesterone alone for either 7 or 14 days. Oviducts were
      incubated in the presence of labeled methionine or glucosamine for 24 h at 37 C,
      and the culture medium was then analyzed by one- and two-dimensional (2-D)
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. A family of
      macromolecules [mol wt (Mr), 100,000-130,000] was only present in the animals
      treated with estradiol for 7 or 14 days. 2-D analysis demonstrated that two
      proteins, one basic and one acidic, were the major estradiol-responsive proteins
      in the 100,000-130,000 Mr region. In addition, an acidic protein in this region
      increased in intensity with estradiol treatment. All three proteins incorporated
      methionine and glucosamine. Since a steroid-responsive gradient is known to exist
      in the oviduct, oviducts were divided into fimbria, ampulla, and isthmic regions
      and cultured separately. 2-D analysis of the medium indicated that the ampulla
      synthesized both the acidic (Mr, 100,000-120,000) and basic (Mr, 120,000-130,000)
      proteins, whereas the acidic protein was dominant in the fimbria and the basic
      protein was dominant in the isthmus. Another acidic protein (Mr, 110,000) was
      only present in the fimbria and ampulla. This study clearly demonstrates that the
      estradiol-treated baboon oviduct synthesizes several proteins that were not
      detectable in the ovariectomized or progesterone-treated animal. Also, the
      different regions of the oviduct have different synthetic capabilities for these
      proteins. The electrophoretic characteristics of these proteins are similar to
      those we have observed at midcycle in the intact baboon and human oviduct.

PMID- 3383786
TI  - Fibroblast growth factors from bovine pituitary and human placenta and their
      functions in the maturation of porcine granulosa cells in vitro.
AB  - Both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are present in pituitary,
      as demonstrated by Affigel-heparin affinity chromatography and immunoblot
      analysis. Unlike in the pituitary, only basic FGF appears to be present in human
      placenta. The purification of these growth factors from bovine pituitary and
      human placenta has been described. Immunoblot analysis using polyclonal
      antibodies specific for either basic FGF or both acidic and basic FGF have
      verified the results of purification. We have determined a novel function of
      acidic and basic FGF in the maturation of porcine granulosa cells in vitro. Basic
      FGF (1.0 ng/ml), purified from bovine pituitary functioned as a potent inhibitor
      of LH/hCG receptor induction (91 +/- 1.2%; P less than 0.0001), and progesterone
      secretion (45 +/- 2.9%; P less than 0.0001), two key steps in the maturation of
      granulosa cells. Human placental basic FGF demonstrated comparable inhibition
      characteristics. Bovine pituitary acidic FGF (50 ng/ml) appear to function as a
      relatively weak inhibitor (63.5 +/- 5.1% for LH/hCG receptor induction; 50 +/-
      1.8% for progesterone secretion). Consequently, our analysis indicates that FGF
      may play an important role(s) in the maturation of ovarian granulosa cells.

PMID- 3383787
TI  - Biosynthesis of sulfated asparagine-linked complex carbohydrate units of calf
      thyroglobulin.
AB  - Thyroglobulin from colloid as well as from membrane fractions became radiolabeled
      upon incubation of calf thyroid slices with [35S]sulfate. The identity of the
      sulfate-labeled molecule was established by immunoprecipitation, polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, Bio-Gel A-5m filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography.
      Size analysis by gel filtration of [35S]glycopeptides and hydrazine-released
      oligosaccharides indicated that the sulfate was primarily located in the complex
      (unit B) carbohydrate units of thyroglobulin. Moreover, although [35S]sulfate
      labeled oligosaccharides were cleaved by N-glycanase to the same extent as those
      labeled with [3H]mannose, they were not released by endo-beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase under conditions that led to the complete removal of
      polymannose carbohydrate (unit A). The failure of 35S-labeled glycopeptides and
      oligosaccharides to bind to immobilized Concanavalin-A indicated that the sulfate
      residues in calf thyroglobulin are located in carbohydrate units with three or
      more branches. No evidence for the occurrence of tyrosine sulfate was found upon
      examination of Pronase digests of radiolabeled thyroglobulin, and chemical
      analyses excluded the presence of this amino acid down to a level of 0.5
      residues/polypeptide subunit. Studies with density gradient-separated membrane
      fractions as well as with puromycin indicated that sulfate addition is a late
      event in thyroglobulin biosynthesis which occurs in the Golgi compartment.
      Furthermore, it was observed that the nondimerized thyroglobulin subunit was much
      less sulfate labeled than the mature molecule. The location of the sulfated
      carbohydrate in a terminal portion of the calf thyroglobulin peptide chain was
      suggested by the observation that the subunit [mol wt (Mr) = 330,000] can undergo
      a transformation, presumably mediated by an endogenous protease, to a sulfate
      free component (Mr = approximately 270,000) with the appearance of a 35S-labeled
      60,000 Mr fragment; the release of a single sulfate-labeled peptide (Mr = 60,000)
      by mild trypsin treatment was consistent with a sequestration of sulfate groups
      in the thyroglobulin molecule.

PMID- 3383789
TI  - Development of and clinical experience with a new TV monitoring system in
      electronic endoscopy. Bi-plane TV monitoring system.
AB  - We developed a bi-plane TV monitoring system using a TV endoscope (Electronic
      endoscope manufactured by Toshiba-Machida, Tokyo, Japan) that permits
      simultaneous display of real-time and prerecorded images. Various findings of the
      two examinations can be precisely compared using this system, and a detailed
      evaluation of the progress of peptic ulcers obtained. In addition, the effects of
      various endoscopic therapies can be accurately evaluated. In endoscopic injection
      sclerotherapy of esophageal varices, new varices (or recurrent varices) were
      differentiated. In laser therapy for early gastric cancer, precise delimitation
      of the lesion for radiation was possible, and the therapeutic effects were more
      accurately evaluated. These results show the diagnostic as well as therapeutic
      usefulness of this system. Furthermore, for the examination of the lower
      digestive tract, X-ray images were incorporated into this system. This is a
      useful modality for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in colonic disease.

PMID- 3383788
TI  - Localization and movement of newly synthesized cholesterol in rat ovarian
      granulosa cells.
AB  - The distribution and movement of cholesterol were studied in granulosa cells from
      the ovaries of estrogen-stimulated hypophysectomized immature rats cultured in
      serum-free medium. Plasma membrane cholesterol was distinguished from
      intracellular cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase, an enzyme that converts cell
      surface cholesterol to cholestenone, leaving intracellular cholesterol untouched.
      Using this approach we showed that 82% of unesterified cholesterol was associated
      with the plasma membrane in granulosa cells cultured for 48 h in serum-free
      medium in both the presence and absence of added androstenedione and FSH. FSH and
      androstenedione stimulated a marked increase in steroid hormone (progestin)
      production. The movement of newly synthesized cholesterol to the plasma membrane
      also was followed using cholesterol oxidase. Newly synthesized cholesterol
      reached the plasma membrane too rapidly to be measured in unstimulated cells
      (t1/2 less than 20 min); however, in cells stimulated by FSH and androstenedione,
      this rate was considerably slower (t1/2 approximately 2h). Therefore, cholesterol
      movement to the plasma membrane appears to be regulated by gonadotropins in these
      cells. We tested whether steroid biosynthesis used all cell cholesterol pools
      equally. To this end we administered [3H]acetate and [14C]acetate at different
      times and determined their relative specific contents in various steroids after
      defined intervals. The relative ages of the steroids (youngest to oldest) were:
      lanosterol, progestins, intracellular cholesterol, and plasma membrane
      cholesterol. This finding suggests that progestins use newly synthesized
      intracellular cholesterol in preference to preexisting intracellular or cell
      surface cholesterol. A measure of this effect is that the specific activity of
      secreted hormone was 15- to 30-fold greater than that of intracellular
      cholesterol. We conclude that the various cholesterol compartments in granulosa
      cells are discrete. While the major fraction of cholesterol in these
      steroidogenic cells resides in the plasma membrane, it is not in rapid
      equilibrium with intracellular cholesterol. Furthermore, steroidogenesis appears
      to use newly synthesized over preexisting cholesterol, suggesting a shunt
      pathway.

PMID- 3383790
TI  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy: the value of balloon tamponade and the importance of
      disinfection.
AB  - Endoscopic sclerotherapy in active variceal bleeding stopped bleeding in 48 out
      of 67 patients (72%). Survival of the acute bleeding episode was related to liver
      function: 6% mortality in Child A patients vs. 48% mortality in Child C.
      Comparing two treatment modalities: 24 h Linton balloon tamponade followed by
      sclerotherapy vs. sclerotherapy alone, our results in comparable groups slightly,
      although not significantly, favor tamponade-sclerotherapy treatment: 75% survival
      vs. 71%. As this treatment modality is more convenient and helps to avoid
      dangerous aspiration pneumonia, we advocate balloon tamponade prior to
      sclerotherapy in acute variceal bleeding. In maintenance treatment 65 patients
      were treated until eradication of varices. The rebleeding risk was 0.034% per
      patient per month, with 64% of the rebleeding within the 2 first months before
      complete eradication of the varices. The long-term survival depends largely on
      liver function: one year survival of 88% in Child A vs. 30% in Child C. Using
      Aethoxysklerol 1% in intravariceal injection, no stricture occurred. Using a
      sterile injection needle and a glutaraldehyde-disinfected endoscope, no
      infectious complications directly related to the procedure occurred, and all
      hemocultures remained negative.

PMID- 3383791
TI  - Gastroscopic screening for gastric carcinoids and carcinoma in pernicious anemia.
AB  - Among 196 patients examined in 1972-1985 because of pernicious anemia (PA), 105
      patients under the age of 76 years were invited for gastroscopic screening, and
      71 patients (68%) participated. Gastroscopy revealed carcinoid tumor(s) in 5
      patients (7%) but no case of carcinoma. In addition, one patient with gastric
      carcinoid, 5 patients with adenocarcinomas and one with a concomitant carcinoid
      and carcinoma had already been diagnosed earlier in the overall PA group on the
      basis of clinical symptoms. Thus, within a follow-up of 0-20 years (mean 7 years)
      the total frequency of gastric carcinoid tumors was 4% and that of carcinoma 3%.
      Patients with carcinoid tumors had a long duration of PA and young age of onset;
      these cases were not necessarily those with the highest serum gastrin levels.
      Even though most gastric carcinoids are small subclinical tumors of uncertain
      clinical significance, their unexpectedly high frequency, combined within the
      risk of carcinoma in PA, might indicate the need for gastroscopic follow-up, at
      least in cases of juvenile onset PA.

PMID- 3383792
TI  - Transpapillary placement of an endoprosthesis with the aid of the Frimberger
      Varioguide.
AB  - The guide wire, an important requisite for the placement of endoscopic
      transpapillary biliary prostheses, should combine two, normally incompatible,
      properties: a high degree of flexibility for atraumatic passage through irregular
      or "bent" stenoses, and a high degree of stiffness, to prevent sidewise deviation
      during advancement of the prosthesis. These opposing, formerly incompatible,
      properties are combined in a new type of guide wire, known as the Varioguide.
      With the aid of a tension controller, the stiffness of the Varioguide can be
      varied steplessly. In 88.2% of 68 patients with stenosis of the bile duct we
      succeeded in placing a transpapillary endoprosthesis with the Varioguide. In 13
      cases in which a previous attempt with the conventional guide wire was
      unsuccessful, placement of the endoprosthesis was successfully accomplished with
      the Varioguide; the reverse was true in only a single patient. In the case of
      very narrow, rigid high stenoses, in which placement of a transpapillary
      endoprosthesis is especially difficult, the Varioguide has proved highly suitable
      (stenoses of the bile duct bifurcation).

PMID- 3383794
TI  - Endoscopists, computers and the man on the Micklefield train.

PMID- 3383795
TI  - Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies using a newly developed extractor.
AB  - A newly developed extractor for the endoscopic removal of foreign bodies has
      already been used with success. It can be rotated through 360 degrees, so that
      foreign bodies can be grasped from any angle. Capture and extraction of the
      foreign body is accomplished with a band-like snare, the inside surface of which
      is provided with tiny "studs". With the aid of this extractor, foreign bodies can
      be captured and removed quickly, reliably, and without risk to the patient.

PMID- 3383793
TI  - Colonoscopic diagnosis and medical treatment of ten patients with colonic
      tuberculosis.
AB  - Ten patients with tuberculous enterocolitis were diagnosed colonoscopically. In
      four, the diagnosis was confirmed by positive acid fast stain or the presence of
      caseating granuloma in colonic biopsy material or ileal washings. In one other
      patient a cervical lymph gland revealed acid-fast bacilli. He was the only
      patient with extraintestinal disease, indicating that primary tuberculous colitis
      is probably more common than secondary in Saudi Arabia. In the other five
      patients the colonoscopic diagnosis was confirmed by a complete response to
      antituberculous triple therapy. Six patients had hypertrophic, two
      ulcerohypertrophic and two widespread ulcerative lesions. Colonoscopy with
      biopsies has definite advantages over barium enema in diagnosis. After thus
      excluding malignancy, Crohn's disease remains the most important differential
      diagnosis. A ten-week therapeutic trial of antituberculous treatment is
      recommended in patients from high-risk populations with a typical history and
      colonoscopic picture to avoid the morbidity and mortality of diagnostic
      laparotomy.

PMID- 3383796
TI  - The addition of an air/water button to a flexible bronchoscope (provided with a
      suction button) for use as a slim operative panendoscope.
AB  - Thin-caliber (4.9 and 6.3 mm) flexible bronchoscopes already provided with a
      suction button have been modified by adding an air/water button for the control
      of air insufflation and water irrigation; the channel used is the biopsy-suction
      one. With the aid of this instrument, several pathologies can be studied and
      treated, under adverse conditions such as esophageal or recto-sigmoidal stenosis,
      hematuria in polytraumatic patients, residual stones in patients carrying a T
      tube, acute respiratory obstructions, etc.

PMID- 3383797
TI  - Catheter drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts into the stomach.
AB  - This paper reports on the technique and results of cystogastric catheter
      drainage, as described by Hancke, in eight patients with post-acute pseudocysts,
      and in one patient with acute necrotising pancreatitis. With this procedure, the
      catheter is passed, under gastroscopic and ultrasonographic control,
      percutaneously through the stomach into the pseudocyst in such a manner that the
      contents of the cyst drain into the stomach. Too small a residual stomach
      following surgery, and too small, or immature, cysts, represent the limitations
      of the technique. In five patients, complete, lasting emptying of the cyst was
      accomplished without any complications. The intervention can be carried out under
      local anesthesia.

PMID- 3383798
TI  - Diagnosis of simultaneous multiple gastric cancers by the endoscopic Congo red-
      methylene blue test.
AB  - The clinicopathological features of simultaneous multiple gastric cancers, and
      the accuracy of their diagnosis by routine endoscopic examination were analyzed.
      In addition, the accuracies of diagnosis of coexisting early gastric cancers by
      routine endoscopic examination and by the endoscopic Congo red--methylene blue
      test developed in our hospital were compared. The results showed that multiple
      cancers occurred frequently in elderly male patients, in patients with early
      gastric cancer of the flat and elevated types and the depressed type without
      converging folds, and in patients with advanced cancer of Borrmann type I. These
      patients frequently have early cancers of the flat or depressed types without
      converging folds, and advanced cancers of Borrmann type I. The coexisting lesions
      are very difficult to diagnose by routine endoscopic examination: a correct
      diagnosis of coexisting early cancers was made in only 28.3% of the cases by
      routine endoscopic examination. But with the Congo red--methylene blue test, the
      diagnostic rate was raised significantly to 88.9%. In this test, Congo red and
      methylene blue are sprayed on the surface of the stomach and are bleached within
      2 to 5 minutes on the surface of a tumor, but not on the surface of unaffected
      mucosa.

PMID- 3383799
TI  - Diazepam does not modify the motility of the sphincter of Oddi.

PMID- 3383800
TI  - Asbestos-induced pleural diseases--thoracoscopic aspects.
AB  - The endoscopic morphology of asbestos-induced pleural disease is demonstrated by
      typical thoracoscopic findings. Among 627 thoracoscopies, lesions induced by
      exposure to asbestos were found in 9.9% (50 malignant mesotheliomas of the
      pleura, 10 pleural hyalinoses, 2 asbestos pleurisies). This comparatively high
      percentage is indicative of the pathogenic relevance of asbestos in the
      pleuropulmonary region. In addition to describing the diffuse malignant
      mesotheliomas of the pleura, reference is made in the discussion to the possible
      occurrence of benign localized fibromatous mesotheliomas that are not clearly
      related to asbestos exposure.

PMID- 3383801
TI  - Usefulness of angioscopy in stenotic processes of the carotid--a comparison with
      morphological findings.
AB  - The development of a new generation of ultrathin flexible fiberscopes permitted
      direct in-vivo intravascular visualization of pathological changes. But not until
      the construction of a double-lumen balloon catheter for simultaneous obstruction
      of the blood flow and rinsing of the vessel did an accurate percutaneous
      transluminal examination become possible. For testing the usefulness of
      angioscopic intraluminal diagnosis, 48 carotid arteries from 32 autopsies were
      examined independently by angioscopy and morphologically. There was a high degree
      of correspondence between the two methods, especially in cases with low-degree
      stenosis or complicated plaques, in which other examination methods often fail.
      Problems of underestimating fibrous plaques and optical projection upstream of
      the stenosis are discussed.

PMID- 3383802
TI  - "Normal" endoscopic findings in the gastrointestinal tract--when should a biopsy
      be taken.

PMID- 3383803
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy with a 2.8 mm fiberscope.
AB  - The authors describe their initial experience with a 2.8 mm (8.5F) fiberscope.
      The instrument, used to refine interventional radiology maneuvers of the intra-
      and extra-hepatic bile ducts, caused no additional discomfort to the 18 patients
      treated. The fiberscope permitted differentiation between different causes of
      biliary stenosis in the few cases where doubt persisted after percutaneous
      cholangiography. Brushing was also performed wherever necessary. The color, and
      thus the composition, of bile duct stones could also be determined. This has
      helped us to plan the therapy with methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) in patients
      with cholesterol stones. Compared with traditional fiberscopes (diameter of 5mm
      or more) the new instrument is easier to use, and allows more peripheral ducts to
      be reached, but is expensive and has a smaller field of view and fewer
      possibilities for therapeutic applications.

PMID- 3383804
TI  - Gastroscopic removal of a phytobezoar formed in a patient with mixed connective
      tissue disease.
AB  - An unusual case of a phytobezoar encountered in a patient with mixed connective
      tissue disease, is presented. Removal was accomplished in three days by liquid
      diet, gastric lavage and disruption of the bezoar with gastroscopic suction.

PMID- 3383806
TI  - Effect of sucralfate enema in the treatment of solitary rectal ulcer.

PMID- 3383805
TI  - Contrast media for ERCP.

PMID- 3383807
TI  - Risk of transmitting HIV by endoscopes.

PMID- 3383808
TI  - Two-component-lithotripsy-probe.

PMID- 3383809
TI  - Scintigraphic detection of pulmonary embolization of esophageal variceal
      sclerosant.
AB  - Intravariceal injection of a sodium morrhuate sclerosant solution, an effective
      therapy for bleeding esophageal varices, is complicated occasionally by fever and
      pneumonia. To determine if embolization of sclerosant to or through the pulmonary
      circulation occurs, chest scintigrams were performed following intravariceal
      injection of 1-3 mCi 99m-Tc-MAA mixed with 5-20cc of sclerosant in 18 patients
      undergoing a total of 25 sclerotherapy sessions. Sclerosant embolization was
      documented in 15/25 procedures (60%). Tracer localization in esophageal veins
      cephalad to the injection site (gastroesophageal junction) occurred in 2 studies.
      Atelactasis, effusion, or infiltrate on chest x-ray occurred after 6/25
      procedures. Post-sclerosis fever (greater than 99.5 degrees F) occurred in 5/15
      (33%) with embolization and in 1/10 (10%) without. However, neither x-ray
      abnormalities nor fever were positively correlated with sclerosant embolization.
      We conclude that embolization of sclerosant to the pulmonary arterial circulation
      occurs frequently. Chest radiographs may be negative despite significant
      embolization. We conclude that embolization of sclerosant to the pulmonary
      arterial circulation occurs frequently. Chest radiographs may be negative despite
      significant embolization.

PMID- 3383810
TI  - Natural history of early esophageal squamous carcinoma and early adenocarcinoma
      of the gastric cardia in the People's Republic of China.
AB  - Ninety cases of early esophageal squamous carcinoma (EESC) and 27 patients with
      early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (EAGC), who for various reasons
      refused surgical treatment, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, were followed up
      endoscopically and roentgenologically for 19 to 78 months. Of the 90 cases with
      EESC, 52 (58%) were still found to have superficial mucosal lesions, 8 cases
      progressed to an advanced stage, 27 died of cancer with an average survival time
      of 53.2 months, and 3 died of other non-malignant diseases. The estimated median
      survival time of EESC is about 75 months. Among 21 patients with EAGC, 8 (30%)
      were still presenting with superficial malignant changes, 6 cases progressed to
      advanced cancer, 11 died of carcinoma with an average survival time of 53.3
      months, and 2 died of non-malignant diseases. The estimated median survival time
      of EAGC is about 73 months. The period for a carcinoma in situ of the esophagus
      and the gastric cardia to progress to an advanced stage appears to be 4-5 years.

PMID- 3383811
TI  - Effect of lung airway branching pattern and gas composition on particle
      deposition. II. Experimental studies in human and canine lungs.
AB  - The recovery of monodisperse inhaled particles from humans in vivo and from
      excised human and canine lungs was measured after a single breath for particles
      suspended in air and in mixtures of He or SF6 with O2. Comparisons were made
      using the unique particle sizes for which the intrinsic particle motions in air
      and each mixture were identical, so that differences in recovery could be
      associated with differences in convective flow. For the in vivo tests, only
      mixtures with 20% O2 were used, while for the excised lungs, mixtures with 10% O2
      were also used. In humans in vivo and in excised human lungs, there was
      significantly greater deposition from He-O2 mixtures and less deposition from SF6
      O2 mixtures, with no differences between the in vivo and the excised lung results
      for the 80-20 mixtures. For the canine lungs, there were no differences in
      deposition between air and any He or SF6 mixture. The interspecies differences
      are consistent with the hypothesis that particle exchange between tidal and
      residual lung gas is dependent on the distance into each airway that is needed to
      establish a stable flow profile. The more symmetrical branching of human lung
      airways causes the entry flow into daughter airways to be highly asymmetric, and
      flow profile rearrangement is greater than that in the monopodal canine lung.

PMID- 3383812
TI  - Autonomic innervation of pulmonary artery: evidence for a nonadrenergic
      noncholinergic inhibitory system.
AB  - We have investigated the presence and significance of the nonadrenergic
      noncholinergic relaxant system in isolated strips of guinea pig and cat pulmonary
      artery (PA), using transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS). Changes in PA
      strip tension were measured isometrically, in response to EFS with 50-70 V at 20
      Hz and pulse durations of 1 or 2 ms. We examined the influence on these responses
      of alpha- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptor blockade, the
      neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, and the local anesthetic lidocaine. EFS induced an
      initial brief contraction followed by a slow prolonged relaxation.
      Phenoxybenzamine, 1.5 X 10(-5) M, greatly reduced the contraction (74.1-87.6% in
      guinea pig, 65.7-67.4% in cat) and enhanced the subsequent relaxation (23.9-35.5%
      in guinea pig, 66.8-67.8% in cat). The relaxation was moderately reduced by
      propranolol, 7.7 X 10(-6) M (30.5-35.0% in guinea pigs, 6.0-21.2% in cat), and by
      atropine, 1.4 X 10(-6) M (23.7-32.1% in guinea pig, 24.9-40.6% in cat). The major
      portion of the relaxation, however, persisted in the presence of these blockers.
      The neurogenic origin of this relaxation was confirmed by its loss with either
      tetrodotoxin or lidocaine. We conclude that in guinea pig and cat lungs (1)
      neurogenic pulmonary vascular contraction is principally mediated by the alpha
      adrenergic system, (2) the beta-adrenergic and cholinergic components have a
      moderate relaxant influence, but (3) the dominant part of neurogenic relaxation
      is mediated by a nonadrenergic noncholinergic mechanism.

PMID- 3383813
TI  - Pulmonary macrophage antimicrobial activity in canine endotoxin shock and lung
      injury.
AB  - Bacterial sepsis and pneumonia are common complications of lung injury and
      predispose the host to a poor resolution. We studied the functional integrity of
      pulmonary macrophages derived from minced lung preparations in a canine model of
      endotoxin-induced shock with acute lung injury. Dogs given 2 mg/kg of Escherichia
      coli endotoxin 055:B5 developed classic shock symptoms with concomitant acute
      lung injury; control animals given saline showed no physiological or pathological
      abnormalities. Compared to previous work with this canine model, the lung injury
      in this extended time period (6 h) had progressed to include alveolar edema. Six
      hours after endotoxin infusion, the left lung was lavaged, perfused, and the
      resulting lung minced for isolation of pulmonary macrophages. The endotoxic-model
      pulmonary macrophages showed several significant functional differences from
      controls. Although they elicited greater production of H2O2 (p less than 0.05),
      both phagocytosis of radiolabeled Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli (p less than
      0.05) and bactericidal activity (p less than 0.05) were diminished compared to
      controls. Compared to alterations previously described in alveolar macrophages,
      these cells produced less H2O2 and demonstrated abnormal bacterial killing at all
      time points. These observations suggest that the functional alterations of
      pulmonary macrophages that follow acute lung injury contribute to the ineffective
      cell-mediated antimicrobial response. These derangements may promote an increased
      risk of nosocomial pneumonia, the high mortality often observed subsequent to
      pneumonia, or the propagation of acute lung injury that facilitates respiratory
      failure.

PMID- 3383814
TI  - A highly sensitive gas chromatographic method does not detect exhalation of
      volatile hydrocarbons from isolated ventilated lungs under massive peroxidative
      stress.
AB  - Lung lipid peroxidation is thought to be a basic pathophysiological phenomenon
      responsible for pulmonary damage in different types of oxidant attack.
      Measurement of volatile hydrocarbons, especially ethane and pentane, produced
      during peroxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and exhaled into
      an animal housing chamber, has attracted increasing interest for the monitoring
      of in vivo lipid peroxidation. However, this approach cannot distinguish between
      pulmonary exhalation of hydrocarbons generated in different organs or even the
      intestinum and pulmonary generation of these lipid peroxidation markers. In the
      present study we developed a respiration and hydrocarbon trapping system for
      isolated, ventilated, and perfused lungs that avoided rebreathing and allowed
      complete sampling and gas chromatographic separation and quantification of
      exhaled alkanes and alkenes (C1-C5) in the absence of background levels. Using an
      "artificial lung," the recoveries of exogenously administered hydrocarbons ranged
      between 80 and 95% with good reproducibility (SD between 1.7 and 9.6%). The
      detection limit of the system was approximately 3 fmol of each alkane or alkene/g
      wet lung weight.min. However, neither under basal conditions nor during massive
      peroxidative stress by the application of high doses of H2O2, FeCl3/ascorbate,
      paraquat, or ozone was any material with a retention time similar to that of
      hydrocarbons exhaled from isolated rabbit lungs. We conclude that under the
      experimental conditions employed, there is only insignificant generation of
      hydrocarbons in intact lungs.

PMID- 3383815
TI  - Cellular interactions in pulmonary oxygen toxicity in vitro: II. Hyperoxia causes
      adult rat lung fibroblast cultures to produce apparently autocrine growth
      factors.
AB  - Mixed lung cell cultures from adult rats were exposed to 21, 50, or 95% O2. In
      the presence of serum, actively dividing mixed lung cell cultures acutely exposed
      to 50% O2 had a reduced rate of cell division, while 95% O2 caused growth arrest
      and cell death. In the absence of serum, 95% O2 again caused cell death, while
      cell numbers were stable for up to 1 week in 21 or 50% O2. These cells adapted to
      the nonlethal 50% O2 environment by a 48% increase in superoxide dismutase
      activity, which was not seen with the lethal 95% O2 environment. Under serum-free
      conditions, conditioned medium collected from cells exposed to 50% O2, but not
      21% O2, contained transferable factors that increased DNA synthesis in other
      nonhyperoxic mixed lung cell cultures. In a series of studies to determine both
      the source and target cell types for this growth factor(s), the lung fibroblast
      was found to release an apparently autocrine growth stimulator, with an apparent
      molecular weight of approximately 96,000, over the first 3 days of 50% O2
      exposure. A separate apparently autocrine growth stimulator, with molecular
      weight approximately 7000-9000, was released over the second 3 days of a 6-day
      exposure to 50% O2.

PMID- 3383816
TI  - Long-term carcinogenicity study in Syrian golden hamster of particulate emissions
      from coal- and oil-fired power plants.
AB  - Male Syrian golden hamsters were given 15 weekly intratracheal instillations with
      suspensions of coal fly ash or oil fly ash. Controls were instilled with saline
      containing gelatine (0.5 g/100 mL) or to check particle effects with suspensions
      of hematite (Fe2O3). The common weekly dose was 4.5 mg/hamster. In addition, one
      subgroup of hamsters was treated with oil fly ash at a weekly dose of 3.0
      mg/hamster and another with coal fly ash at a weekly dose of 6.0 mg/hamster.
      Other groups of hamsters were treated with suspensions of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or
      with suspensions on coal fly ash, oil fly ash, or Fe2O3 coated with BaP. The mass
      median aerodynamic diameters of the coal and oil fly ashes were 4.4 microns and
      28 microns, respectively. Hamsters treated with oil fly ash showed a higher
      frequency of bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia than hamsters in the other
      treatment groups. Squamous dysplasia and squamous metaplasia were most frequent
      in animals treated with suspensions of BaP or BaP-coated particles. The earliest
      appearance of a tumor, the highest incidence of tumors, and the highest incidence
      of malignant tumors were observed in hamsters treated with oil fly ash coated
      with BaP. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma were the most
      frequent malignant tumors. No malignant tumors and only few benign tumors were
      observed in hamsters instilled with suspensions of fly ash not coated with BaP.
      The present study gives no indication that coal fly ash could create more serious
      health problems than oil fly ash.

PMID- 3383817
TI  - A model for the formation of airborne particulate matter based on the gas-phase
      adsorption on amorphous carbon blacks.
AB  - This paper reports the physicochemical properties that describe the adsorption of
      a series of solutes onto the surfaces of amorphous carbon blacks. Adsorption was
      studied at concentrations that correspond to low surface coverages and in the
      presence of volatile solvent diluents. The adsorbates and adsorbents were
      selected for their relevance as models for environmental agent-particle complexes
      originating from incomplete combustion. The data clearly show that the major
      factors that determine the strength of adsorption are the surface properties of
      the adsorbent and the intermolecular forces between the surface and the adsorbing
      molecule. The heat of adsorption data have been used to predict the lifetime of
      the absorbate-adsorbent complexes.

PMID- 3383818
TI  - A model for the release of adsorbed molecules from the surfaces of airborne
      particulate matter based on liquid-phase desorption from amorphous carbon blacks.
AB  - The release of molecules adsorbed on the surfaces of amorphous carbon blacks has
      been studied using liquid-solid chromatography. Adsorbate molecules, adsorbents,
      and mobile phases were selected on the basis of their relevance as models for the
      release of toxic agents adsorbed on inhalable environmental particulate matter
      that originates from the incomplete combustion of organic materials. The presence
      of surface active groups on the carbon blacks has been shown to adsorb and retain
      adsorbate molecules selectively, and this selectivity can be reduced by
      competition for these active groups by the displacing solvent. Release is also
      governed by the surface coverage of the particles and increases as coverage
      approaches the monolayer.

PMID- 3383819
TI  - The in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of bis-(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
AB  - The metabolism and toxicity of the ubiquitous plasticizer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl)
      phthalate (DEHP), and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
      (MEHP), have been extensively investigated. In an attempt to understand their
      disposition in man, we studied the in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics
      of these compounds, using ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis.
      The association of DEHP and lipoproteins was shown to be highly dependent upon,
      and proportional to, the lipid concentration of the serum. It appears that more
      than half of the serum DEHP is bound to proteins with density greater than 1.21
      g/mL when the concentration of cholesterol is below 300 mg/dL or the cholesterol
      and triglyceride total concentration is less than 600 mg/dL. As the cholesterol
      and triglyceride concentrations increase, the percent DEHP bound to VLDL, IDL,
      and LDL increases. MEHP is bound principally to nonlipoprotein constituents in
      the serum, and this binding distribution is unaffected by lipid concentration.
      The percent binding of DEHP and MEHP to individual proteins was also found to be
      unaffected by their concentrations in serum. These data indicate that the protein
      binding characteristics of these compounds, in vitro, is somewhat more complex
      than previously reported.

PMID- 3383820
TI  - Prostatic carcinogenesis evoked by cellular interaction.
AB  - Inoculation of tumorigenic prostatic stroma and nontumorigenic prostatic
      epithelia into the subcutaneous space of syngeneic rats induced the development
      of carcinosarcoma. The induced tumors, which were composed of a mixture of
      adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma, were androgen responsive. This model offers a
      novel mechanism for prostatic carcinogenesis in which prostatic fibroblasts
      determine epithelial growth, androgen responsiveness, and tumorigenicity. Our
      results emphasize the potential importance of an epigenetic pathway in prostatic
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3383821
TI  - Transplantation characteristics, morphologic features, and interpretation of
      preputial gland neoplasia in the Fischer 344 rat.
AB  - Preputial gland neoplasms in the Fischer 344 rat are relatively uncommon tumors
      with a prevalence of approximately 3% in the National Toxicology Program data
      base. They occur late in life, are well differentiated, and rarely metastasize.
      Based on studies through 4 serial passages, 10 well-differentiated preputial
      gland neoplasms transplanted into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic recipients
      grew to 30 mm within 10 weeks. Recipients died or were sacrificed with large
      transplanted tumors within 6 months. The morphologic features of the transplanted
      neoplasms were similar to those of the primary neoplasms through the four
      passages. Proliferative lesions of the preputial glands comprise a morphological
      continuum and separation of these growths into categories of hyperplasia,
      adenoma, and carcinomas is based largely on cytological features and the degree
      of altered growth patterns. Morphologic features to assist in diagnosis of
      preputial gland neoplasms and recommendations for interpreting treatment
      associated increases of these neoplasms are presented.

PMID- 3383822
TI  - The use of rabbits in male reproductive toxicology.
AB  - The rabbit is the smallest and least expensive laboratory animal in which serial
      semen samples can be obtained for morphologic, biochemical, and fertility
      evaluation. The female rabbit has a predictable reproductive cycle and can be
      artificially inseminated with a known amount of sperm during fertility testing.
      These advantages make the rabbit an extremely valuable model for studying the
      effects of chemicals or other stimuli on the male reproductive system.
      Quantitative evaluation of the testis, semen, and accessory reproductive organs
      is important in order to detect subtle effects of a chemical on reproductive
      capacity. Evaluation of testis size, serum hormone concentrations, and the
      number, morphology, motility, and fertility of sperm in the ejaculate can be
      performed serially in the live rabbit. Weights of testes and accessory
      reproductive organs, estimates of daily sperm production, and histomorphometric
      data on the seminiferous epithelium can be obtained after sacrifice.
      Multinucleated spermatids, focal tubular hypospermatogenesis, swelling of
      spermatocytes, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in Sertoli's cells occur commonly in
      testes of control rabbits. These changes may be confused with toxic lesions. The
      incidence of multinucleated spermatids may be increased by stress associated with
      handling or the environment. Histomorphometric evaluation may be required to
      prove that a test compound has an adverse effect on the male reproductive system.

PMID- 3383823
TI  - Approaches to estimating physical activity in the community: calorimetric
      validation of actometers and heart rate monitoring.
AB  - The relationship between actometer measurements, heart rate monitoring and energy
      expenditure during exercise and resting periods was assessed in a whole-body
      indirect calorimeter on 12 young male volunteers. Equations derived from these
      studies were applied to actometer measurements taken during a further 7 d
      recording in free-living conditions to predict daily energy expenditure over 1
      week on an individual basis. Actometers proved to be a satisfactory means of
      estimating energy expenditure and heart rate monitoring improved the estimates in
      a few selected subjects. Indirect measures of energy expenditure could be
      developed by this approach but individual calibration is essential.

PMID- 3383824
TI  - Nutritional determinants of haemostatic factors in the Caerphilly Study.
AB  - A study of possible nutritional determinants of certain haemostatic factors
      (heparin-neutralizing activity, fibrinogen and antithrombin III) was conducted in
      the Caerphilly cohort of 2512 men. Data on diet were obtained in a sub-sample of
      665 men by a 7-d weighed dietary inventory and in the complete cohort by
      questionnaire. All the associations between major nutrients and haemostatic
      factors were weak and few achieved statistical significance. There were
      significant associations between two of the blood tests and total energy intake
      which suggests that, in general, relationships between nutritional variables and
      thrombosis-related factors should be standardized for total energy intake.
      Negative associations between alcohol, fibrinogen and antithrombin III and
      positive associations between fibre, polyunsaturated fat and antithrombin III are
      of possible clinical or public health importance. However, nutritional factors
      appear to explain only about 3 per cent of the variance in the distributions of
      the haemostatic factors examined. The extent to which uncertainties in the
      measurement of dietary intake will have led to the underestimate of the true
      association is, of course, unknown. At the same time it is of relevance that in
      similar studies of dietary determinants of plasma cholesterol only about 3 per
      cent of the variance of cholesterol levels can be explained.

PMID- 3383825
TI  - Fatty acid composition of human milk from South African black mothers consuming a
      traditional maize diet.
AB  - Fatty acid composition of mature human milk of rural and urban black South
      African mothers was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Rural mothers
      consumed traditional diets low in animal protein and fat, and high in
      carbohydrate and fibre. Urban mothers consumed more varied, partially westernized
      diets, and two-thirds were overweight. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were
      significantly lower in the rural group (3.64 vs 4.75 mmol/l, P less than 0.01).
      Milk of rural mothers contained significantly higher percentages of C10:0, C12:0,
      and total saturated fatty acids. Fatty acids C8:0-C14:0 synthesized de novo in
      the mammary gland were substantially higher in the milk of the rural mothers
      (24.7 vs 15.9 per cent). Conversely, the milk of the urban group contained higher
      percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids, 18:3 omega 3 and 20:2 omega 6. The
      ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in rural samples was 0.36 +/-
      0.13 compared to 0.41 +/- 0.15 in urban samples (P greater than 0.1). It is
      concluded that maternal dietary intake significantly affects milk composition, as
      demonstrated by the high percentages of fatty acids synthesized de novo in the
      mammary gland of rural mothers habituated to low-fat, high-carbohydrate intakes.

PMID- 3383826
TI  - Overweight and obesity in middle-aged British men.
AB  - Overweight and obesity have been examined in 7735 middle-aged men in 24 British
      towns. Half the men exceeded the body mass index (BMI) range associated with
      minimum mortality (20-25 kg/m2). Social class differences in BMI were marked and
      obesity was more marked in manual workers. The association of reduced BMI with
      cigarette smoking and of increased BMI with stopping smoking was most clearly
      seen in manual workers. With increasing alcohol intake, BMI increased
      progressively, but the effect in the heaviest drinkers was probably diminished by
      concurrent heavy smoking. Mean BMI decreased with increasing levels of physical
      activity. There was considerable variation in the rate of obesity between the
      towns, from 11 to 28 per cent, determined to some extent by social class.
      Positive associations were observed between BMI and the presence of ischaemic
      heart disease, high blood pressure, gout, arthritis and gallbladder disease but
      not with diabetes mellitus. Peptic ulcer was inversely related to BMI and
      bronchitis showed a curvilinear relationship. For these men, overweight or
      obesity is virtually 'normal', and a considerable health education effort will be
      needed to produce a leaner, healthier society.

PMID- 3383827
TI  - Food intake and patterns of feeding of Norwegian infants.
AB  - Norway has formed a policy on infant feeding, expressed as dietary allowances and
      guidelines concerning food intake. In a longitudinal and prospective study of
      health and development during infancy, the feeding patterns of 217 Norwegian
      infants were followed in order to evaluate the policy. The findings indicated
      that prevailing guidelines were largely followed by the parents. Forty-five per
      cent still got breastmilk at 6 months. Solid foods were usually introduced around
      4-5 months, iron-enriched porridge being commonly used. At 10 months 91 per cent
      were given bread. The nutrient intakes at 10 months were mainly in accordance
      with the recommendations. The quality of the diet seemed to diminish somewhat
      when sandwiches replaced porridge. More emphasis should be put upon toddlers'
      diet in counselling the parents.

PMID- 3383828
TI  - A comparison of biscuits used in emergency relief feeding programmes in Ethiopia
      and eastern Sudan--1985/86.
AB  - Twenty-nine samples of food-aid biscuits were collected during a survey of
      feeding programmes in Ethiopia and Sudan. A further seven brands were included in
      the study but were not found in Ethiopia or Sudan. All but two brands were
      produced in Europe. Only 20 brands were recommended for use as emergency rations
      or as nutritious supplements; eight brands were similar to traditional baked
      biscuits and four were infant rusks. The compared biscuit characteristics
      included ingredients, energy density, unit size, protein content, fortification
      with vitamins and minerals and costs. A wide range in all characteristics was
      found. Biscuits high in protein tended to have a low energy density. Energy
      density and unit size influenced the volume eaten and ease of transport, storage
      and also distribution to recipients. The cost of energy (per 500 kcal) ranged
      between 14.0 p for baked biscuits and 47.5 p for the unbaked compressed products.

PMID- 3383829
TI  - Reproducibility of whole-body protein turnover measurements in an 'ideal'
      metabolic subject.
AB  - Whole-body protein turnover measurements using the single dose 15N-glycine
      technique have been made in a patient completely paralysed by the Guillaine-Barre
      syndrome. Variation (difference x 100/mean) between the results of the studies
      was better than 0.75 per cent for protein flux, better than 0.85 per cent for
      protein breakdown, and better than 5 per cent for protein synthesis.

PMID- 3383830
TI  - Relapse as a model of nonadherence to dietary treatment of diabetes.
AB  - The generality of Marlatt and Gordon's (1980, 1985) model of relapse to dietary
      treatment of diabetes was tested. Forty-six adults with insulin-dependent
      diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 43 obese adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus were interviewed regarding their most recent dietary violations, and the
      results were coded using the schema developed by Marlatt and Gordon. As the model
      would predict, most nonadherence episodes occurred in a limited range of high
      risk situations. Although the two diagnostic groups lapsed in remarkably similar
      situations, there was a tendency for the IDDM adults to report a larger
      proportion of lapses in situations characterized by negative emotions.
      Approximately 27% of the dietary lapses occurred when the person was busy with a
      competing activity or had no choice, and these lapses did not fit into Marlatt
      and Gordon's coding schema. These violations consistently differed from those
      studied by Marlatt and Gordon in that they were errors of omission rather than
      errors of commission. Evidence for the abstinence violation effect was not found
      in this sample. Overall, the results suggest that most nonadherence to dietary
      treatment of diabetes may be best understood as intermittent lapses that
      typically do not develop into full-blown relapses.

PMID- 3383831
TI  - Psychological investigation of genital herpes recurrence: prospective assessment
      and cognitive-behavioral intervention for a chronic physical disorder.
AB  - Previous studies suggest that anxiety and/or depressed mood are associated with
      recurrence of genital herpes lesions. The present study sought to extend the
      assessment of factors associated with genital herpes and to investigate the
      impact of psychological therapy on features of the disorder. Sixteen genital
      herpes patients received 5 weeks of either structured discussion or cognitive
      restructuring (CR) therapy in a group format. Measures of attitude about herpes,
      global coping, distress, loneliness, health locus of control, and recurrence
      frequency were administered at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3 months follow
      up. Patients also made daily reports during the 5 weeks of treatment from which
      information was extracted regarding their herpes symptoms, dysphoria, anxiety,
      and ongoing coping process. Therapy did not produce the expected reductions in
      reported distress or loneliness. The CR procedure, however, was associated with
      reduced frequency of lesion recurrence at follow-up. Avoidant coping was
      associated with lower recurrence rates, and loneliness scores were associated
      with higher recurrence rates. Prospective data indicated that recurrences were
      preceded by elevated anxiety that was independent of prodromal symptoms. These
      results provide support for the general proposals that psychological factors
      influence health status and that psychological intervention may reduce disease
      recurrence.

PMID- 3383832
TI  - Patients' expectations as predictors of orthognathic surgery outcomes.
AB  - In an attempt to assess the role of vigilant and avoidant coping styles on
      postsurgical outcomes in orthognathic surgery, 114 patients were asked to rate
      their expectations of problems associated with surgery in three areas 6 to 12
      months before surgery. Patients completed questionnaires five more times over the
      course of 3 years, from just before to 2 years after surgery. Presurgical
      expectations of problems were significant predictors of postsurgical reports of
      experiences, dissatisfaction, and mood disturbances up to 2 years after surgery.
      Contrary to the hypothesis that vigilant copers would have better outcomes than
      avoidant copers, the results suggest that patients who anticipate few problems
      with surgery (avoidant copers) report better psychological outcomes than patients
      who expect numerous problems (vigilant copers) before undergoing surgery.

PMID- 3383833
TI  - Testing of isometric and isokinetic lifting strengths of untrained females in
      teamwork.

PMID- 3383834
TI  - An inclinometric method for continuous measurement of sagittal movement of the
      lumbar spine.

PMID- 3383835
TI  - An investigation of human palmar skin friction and the effects of materials,
      pinch force and moisture.

PMID- 3383836
TI  - Anthropometrics and display station preferences of VDU operators.

PMID- 3383837
TI  - Influence of body armour on pulmonary function.

PMID- 3383838
TI  - A variance formula for gene mutation studies using agar plates.
AB  - Previous attempts to derive a formula for the variance of the estimated mutant
      fraction have assumed (without providing justification) that variance components
      due to treatment, growth and dilution, and plating, are additive. We have derived
      a variance formula that does not depend on this assumption. Our formula also
      includes variability attributable to imprecise counting of cells to be plated in
      the non-selective conditions.

PMID- 3383839
TI  - Interlaboratory evaluation of the C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation assay.
AB  - The C3H/10T1/2 transformation assay was evaluated for its responsiveness and
      interlaboratory reproducibility. Two laboratories participated in this study and
      tested a series of 46 chemicals. The majority of these chemicals were tested
      under code. Of the 46 chemicals tested, seven were determined to be active in
      both laboratories, and 14 were determined to be inactive. When the total number
      of chemicals is adjusted for assays considered "no test" in either one or both
      laboratories as well as for tests of chemicals yielding positive results in only
      one laboratory, reproducible responses were obtained for 21/35, or 60%, of the
      chemicals tested.

PMID- 3383840
TI  - Species and sex differences in genotoxicity of heterocyclic amine pyrolysis and
      cooking products in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test using rat,
      mouse, and hamster hepatocytes.
AB  - Eleven mutagenic heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]
      indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6
      methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'
      d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (A alpha C), 2-amino-3
      methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeA alpha C), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8
      dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQX), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5
      f]quinoxaline (4,8-diMeIQX), and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline
      (7,8-diMeIQX), were studied for genotoxicity in the hepatocyte/DNA repair test
      employing hepatocytes of male rats, male and female mice, and male hamsters. In
      these four assay systems, all compounds elicited DNA repair in at least three
      systems, except Trp-P-2, which was uniformly inactive. However, there were
      several significant differences in the responses of different systems. Rat and
      hamster hepatocytes responded to nine of the ten genotoxic compounds with the
      exception of Glu-P-2. Male and female mouse hepatocytes responded to Glu-P-2,
      whereas female, but not male, mouse hepatocytes responded to MeIQX and 4,8
      diMeIQX. These results illustrate species and sex differences in response to
      these heterocyclic amines and suggest that a number of these compounds are
      carcinogenic in hamsters, as they have been in rats and mice.

PMID- 3383841
TI  - Statistical exploration of four major genotoxicity data bases: an overview.
AB  - This report puts into perspective a series of exploratory statistical analyses
      carried out on the major genotoxicity data bases. While large compilations of
      data, even though computerized, suffer from their own size and are quite
      intractable to scientific reflection and judgement, the multivariate data
      analysis methods used by us are specifically designed for reorganising the
      information in a rational way and highlighting the underlying regularities of the
      data. The analyses reported here refer to the following data bases: the
      International Program for the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens, the
      International Program on Chemical Safety Collaborative Study on In Vitro Assays,
      the Gene-Tox data base, and a subset of the U.S. National Toxicology Program
      data. Although the various data bases consisted of different sets of chemicals
      and had different underlying rationales, a number of invariant associations among
      short-term test performances were highlighted. The overall evidence indicated
      that the traditional classification of assays (according to the criteria of
      genetic end-point and phylogenetic position of the assays) was in contrast with
      the actual, operational similarities among assay performances, in that the
      experimental responses of the tests to the large variety of chemicals under
      consideration pointed to an alternative classification scheme. This consisted of
      three major classes: 1) a class comprising the in vivo assays; 2) a class
      grouping together many of the most widely used in vitro assays (Salmonella,
      chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary
      cells, the various mutation tests in mammalian cell systems, etc.); 3) a second
      in vitro assay class (with Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation,
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae XV185-14C, B. subtilis rec-, Escherichia coli pol A).
      Such classes had clearly differentiated features with respect to carcinogenicity
      prediction. The implications of these findings for the current debate on
      mutagenicity testing are discussed.

PMID- 3383842
TI  - Responses of the L5178Y tk+/tk- mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay: III.
      72 coded chemicals.
AB  - Seventy-two chemicals were tested for their mutagenic potential in the L5178Y
      tk+/- mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, using procedures based upon
      those described by Clive and Spector (Mutat Res 44:269-278, 1975) and Clive et
      al. (Mutat Res 59:61-108, 1979). Cultures were exposed to the chemicals for 4 hr,
      then cultured for 2 days before plating in soft agar with or without
      trifluorothymidine (TFT), 3 micrograms/ml. The chemicals were tested at least
      twice. Significant responses were obtained with allyl isothiocyanate, p
      benzoquinone dioxime, benzyl acetate, 2-biphenylamine HCl, bis(2-chloro-1
      methylethyl)ether, cadmium chloride, chlordane, chlorobenzene, chlorobenzilate, 2
      chloroethanol, chlorothalonil, cytarabine.HCl, p,p'-DDE, diazinon, 2,6-dichloro-p
      phenylenediamine, N,N-diethylthiourea, diglycidylresorcinol ether, 2,4-dimethoxy
      aniline.HCl, disperse yellow 3, endosulfan, 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, ethyl acrylate,
      ethyl benzene, ethylene thiourea, F D and C yellow Number 6, furan, heptachlor,
      isophorone, mercuric chloride, 4,4'-methylenedianiline.2 HCl, methyl viologen,
      nickel sulfate.6H2O, 4,4'-oxydianiline, pentachloroethane, piperonyl butoxide,
      propyl gallate, quinoline, rotenone, 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitro-anisole, 1,1,1,2
      tetrachloroethane, trichlorfon, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5
      trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-thiourea, 1-vinyl-3-cyclopetene
      dioxide, vinyl toluene, and ziram. Apart from 2-biphenylamine.HCl, 2
      chloroethanol, disperse yellow 3, ethylene thiourea, FD and C yellow number 6,
      phenol, and 1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, rat liver S9 mix was not a requirement for
      these compounds. Chemicals not identified as mutagens were acid red, 11
      aminoudecanoic acid, boric acid, 5-chloro-o-toluidine, coumaphos, cyclohexanone,
      decabromodiphenyl oxide, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, ferric chloride, fluometuron,
      melamine, monuron, phenesterin, phthalimide, reserpine, sodium dodecyl sulfate,
      4,4-sulfonyldianiline, tetrachloroethylene, and zearalenone. The assay was
      incapable of providing a clear indication of whether some chemicals were
      mutagens; these were benzyl alcohol, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, phenol, succinic acid
      2,2-dimethyl hydrazide, and toluene.

PMID- 3383843
TI  - Protein-kinase-C-catalyzed phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding domain of
      microtubule-associated protein 2 inhibits its ability to induce tubulin
      polymerization.
AB  - It has previously been demonstrated that microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)
      is a good substrate for the purified protein kinase C [Tsuyama, S., Bramblett, G.
      T., Huang, K.-P. & Flavin, M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 4110-4116; Akiyama, T.,
      Nishida, E., Ishida, J., Saji, N., Ogawara, H., Hoshi, M., Miyata, Y. & Sakai, H.
      (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15648-15651]. We have shown here that phosphorylation
      of MAP2, catalyzed by protein kinase C, reduces the ability to induce tubulin
      polymerization. MAP2 is divided into two domains by digestion with alpha
      chymotrypsin; the microtubule-binding and the non-binding (projection) domains.
      The limited chymotryptic digestion following phosphorylation of MAP2 by protein
      kinase C has shown that both the domains of MAP2 were phosphorylated by protein
      kinase C, 50-60% of the incorporated phosphates being detected in the microtubule
      binding domain. Polypeptide fragments, containing the microtubule-binding domain
      of MAP2, were purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography after chymotryptic
      digestion of MAP2. The purified microtubule-binding fragments were competent to
      polymerize tubulin, and served as good substrates for protein kinase C. The
      phosphorylation of the microtubule-binding fragments by protein kinase C reduced
      their ability to induce tubulin polymerization. These results suggest that the
      ability of MAP2 to induce tubulin polymerization is inhibited by phosphorylation
      of the microtubule-binding domain catalyzed by protein kinase C.

PMID- 3383844
TI  - Existence of malfunctioning pro alpha2(I) collagen genes in a patient with a pro
      alpha 2(I)-chain-defective variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
AB  - Collagen synthesis was examined in skin fibroblasts from a patient with a variant
      of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The relative rate of collagen synthesis to total
      protein synthesis in the patient's fibroblasts was always one-half of that in
      fibroblasts from normal controls. Total collagen synthesis, as assessed by
      quantification of total hydroxyproline, was also significantly lower than that of
      controls, indicating that the rate of collagen synthesis by the patient's
      fibroblasts was decreased compared with that by normal fibroblasts. Analysis of
      procollagen and collagen components showed the absence of the pro alpha 2(I)
      chain and its derivatives. Dot-blot and Northern-blot analyses showed the
      patient's fibroblasts to contain less than 10% of the mRNAs for pro alpha 2(I)
      found in control fibroblasts. In spite of these results, Southern blot analysis
      of genomic DNA indicated the presence of the same number of genes for the pro
      alpha 2(I) collagen chain in the patient's fibroblasts as in control fibroblasts,
      suggesting malfunctioning pro alpha 2(I) collagen genes as the cause for failure
      of the patient's fibroblasts to synthesize pro alpha 2(I) collagen chains.

PMID- 3383845
TI  - Pyruvic-acid-containing polysaccharide in the cell wall of Bacillus polymyxa AHU
      1385.
AB  - Three acidic polymer fractions with molecular masses of about 16 kDa, 35 kDa and
      70 kDa were isolated from lysozyme digests of N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus
      polymyxa AHU 1385 by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. These
      fractions, containing mannosamine, glucosamine and pyruvic acid in a molar ratio
      of about 1:1:1 together with glycopeptide components, were characterized as
      polysaccharide-linked glycopeptides with one, two and more polysaccharide chains.
      On the other hand, treatment of the cell walls with glycine/HC1 buffer, pH 2.5,
      at 100 degrees C for 10 min followed by separation of water-soluble products on
      ion-exchange chromatography gave three polysaccharide fractions, PS-I-III, which
      contained different amounts of pyruvic acid (0,0.6 and 0.9 residue/mannosamine
      residue) along with equimolar amounts of mannosamine and glucosamine. Pyruvate
      free polysaccharides similar to PS-I were also obtained from PS-II, PS-III and
      polysaccharide-linked glycopeptides by treatment with 10 mM HC1 at 100 degrees C
      for 1 h. Results of analyses of these polysaccharide preparations by 1H-NMR and
      13C-NMR measurement and methylation, together with data from characterization of
      fragments obtained by hydrogen fluoride hydrolysis, lead to the most likely
      structure, ----3)[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]ManNAc(beta 1----4)GlcNac(beta 1---
      , for the acidic polysaccharide of this strain.

PMID- 3383846
TI  - NADH oxidase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus YT-1. Purification
      and characterisation.
AB  - A protein with NADH oxidase activity from the extreme thermophile Thermus
      aquaticus YT-1 was purified and characterised. The enzyme was found to have a
      relative molecular mass of 110,000 and be composed of two subunits of identical
      size. FAD was found to be present at a concentration of 0.7 mol/mol dimer and was
      required for activity. During the oxidation of NADH, oxygen uptake takes place
      with the production of hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme had, with the exception of a
      higher glutamic acid and tryptophan content, a similar amino acid composition as
      the NADH oxidase isolated from the mesophile Bacillus megaterium. Purified NADH
      oxidase was found to have a Km of 39 microM for beta-NADH and a Vmax of 4.68
      mumol NADH mg-1 min-1 and was still active at 95 degrees C. Enzymatic activity
      was found to be independent of pH between 5.0 and 10.5.

PMID- 3383847
TI  - Plastid-localised seed acyl-carrier protein of Brassica napus is encoded by a
      distinct, nuclear multigene family.
AB  - Acyl-carrier protein (ACP) is a key component involved in the regulation of fatty
      acid biosynthesis in plants. cDNA clones encoding ACP from Brassica napus (oil
      seed rape) embryos have been isolated using oligonucleotide probes derived from
      heterologous ACPs. Analysis of the DNA sequence data, in conjunction with N
      terminal amino acid sequence data, revealed ACP to be synthesized from nuclear
      DNA as a precursor containing a 51-amino-acid N-terminal extension.
      Immunocytochemical studies showed ACP to be localised solely within the plastids
      of B. napus seed tissue and it would therefore appear that the N-terminal
      extension functions as a transit peptide to direct ACP into these organelles.
      Analysis of several cDNA clones revealed sequence heterogeneity and thus evidence
      for an ACP multigene family. From ten cDNA clones, six unique genes, encoding
      five different mature ACP polypeptides, were identified. Northern blot
      hybridisation studies provide evidence that the seed and leaf forms of rape ACP
      are encoded by structurally distinct gene sets.

PMID- 3383848
TI  - Differential acetylation of core histones in rat cerebral cortex neurons during
      development and aging.
AB  - Core histones can be modified by aceylation and this modification has been
      correlated with the modulation of chromatin condensation and histone deposition.
      We have now studied the levels of acetylation of the core histones in rat brain
      cortical neurons from the middle of the period of neuronal proliferation through
      postnatal development and aging. The results show that the level of acetylation
      of H4 decreases with age. The kinetics of H4 deacetylation show a perinatal fast
      phase followed by a much slower phase that spans the rest of the period examined.
      H4 deacetylation is accounted for by the decrease of the monoacetylated species,
      the proportions of the more highly acetylated species remaining essentially
      constant. By contrast to histone H4, the overall levels of acetylation and the
      proportions of the different acetylated species of H2A, H2B and H3 remain
      unchanged throughout the period examined. Furthermore, the variants belonging to
      a given histone class always show the same level of acetylation. The fact that in
      neurons the level of monoacetylated H4 decreases during development and aging, in
      sharp contrast with the constancy of the levels of all other acetylated histone
      species, raises the possibility that in interphase chromatin monoacetylated H4
      may have a central role in the modulation of chromatin structure. The results
      also suggest that the slow decrease of the proportion of monoacetylated H4 may
      imply a gradual loss of chromatin structural plasticity and thus lead to aging.

PMID- 3383849
TI  - The disaggregation of calcium-depleted casein micelles.
AB  - The effect of depletion of Ca2+ on the composition and size distribution of
      casein micelles in milk has been examined using chemical analysis, size exclusion
      chromatography, fast protein liquid chromatography, turbidimetry and photon
      correlation spectroscopy. Partial removal of Ca2+ by EDTA and subsequent dialysis
      resulted in disaggregation of some of the casein micelles; as the EDTA
      concentration increased, the proportions of Ca2+ and phosphate relative to
      protein in the micelles remaining intact decreased. However, the composition of
      the intact micelles, with respect to the different caseins, and the number
      frequency size distribution were essentially unchanged.

PMID- 3383850
TI  - The protection by ascorbate and glutathione against microsomal lipid peroxidation
      is dependent on vitamin E.
AB  - Lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomal fractions was monitored by its low
      level chemiluminescence in preparations from controls and vitamin-E-deficient
      animals. Measurements were made (a) of the duration of the lag phase tau0 after
      initiation with NADPH/iron-ADP and (b) of the slope of the chemiluminescence
      increase. In microsomes with normal vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) level the lag
      phase tau0 was substantially increased by ascorbate; in contrast, even an
      enhanced peroxidation was observed with ascorbate in vitamin-E-deficient
      microsomes. Therefore, the ascorbate-mediated protection of microsomal membranes
      against lipid peroxidation is dependent on vitamin E in the membrane. In vitamin
      E deficiency the pro-oxidant effect of ascorbate was abolished when glutathione
      (GSH) was present. Likewise, GSH does not prolong the lag phase tau0 in vitamin E
      deficiency. However, GSH (but not cysteine) exerts an antioxidant effect both in
      controls and in vitamin E deficiency by decreasing the slope of the
      chemiluminescence increase during lipid peroxidation. The involvement of GSH in
      an enzyme-dependent mechanism is suggested.

PMID- 3383851
TI  - Cross-linking of alpha and gamma-thrombin to distinct binding sites on human
      platelets.
AB  - The interaction of thrombin with proteins at the platelet surface was assessed by
      chemical cross-linking with the membrane-impermeable reagents
      bis(sulphosuccinimidyl)suberate and dithiobis(sulphosuccinimidyl propionate)
      under conditions which induced no modification of intracellular proteins and
      minimal cross-linking of membrane glycoproteins. The proteins covalently linked
      to 125I-labelled alpha and gamma-thrombin were analyzed by sodium dodecyl
      sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
      125I-alpha-thrombin was detected in high-molecular-mass complexes (a) at the top
      of a 3% acrylamide stacking gel and (b) with a Mr approximately equal to 400,000.
      In addition, two complexes of 240 kDa and 78 kDa were characterized. Hirudin
      prevented the formation of each of these complexes. The 78-kDa complex occurred
      spontaneously in the absence of bifunctional reagents, was only observed with
      active alpha-thrombin and was not dissociated by hirudin. Such characteristics
      are similar to those of a serpin serine-protease complex. The 240-kDa complex was
      formed with 0.8-100 nM alpha-thrombin, was observed after a short incubation time
      (30 s) and occurred with TosLysCH2Cl-inactivated alpha-thrombin. After analysis
      of Triton-X-100-soluble extracts of cross-linked platelets by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis against a rabbit antiserum to platelets, two principal
      precipitates contained 125I-alpha-thrombin. These were a precipitate containing
      GPIIb-IIIa complexes and a precipitate in the position of GPIb. Indirect
      immunoprecipitation of GPIb, using a murine monoclonal antibody, confirmed it to
      be the major platelet component in the 240-kDa complex. Significantly, 125I-gamma
      thrombin, which activates platelets with a prolonged lag phase, failed to bind to
      GPIb and complexes in the 240-kDa and 78-kDa molecular mass range were not
      observed. We conclude that several binding sites for alpha-thrombin are present
      at the platelet surface, and that GPIb is one of them. The studies with gamma
      thrombin suggest that binding to GPIb is not obligatory for platelet activation
      although it could be involved in an initial step of the platelet response.

PMID- 3383852
TI  - Crystal structure of human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with folate.
AB  - The crystal structure of recombinant human dihydrofolate reductase with folate
      bound in the active site has been determined and the structural model refined at
      0.2-nm resolution. Preliminary studies of the binding of the inhibitors
      methotrexate and trimethoprim to the human apoenzyme have been performed at 0.35
      nm resolution. The conformations of the chemically very similar ligands folate
      and methotrexate, one a substrate the other a potent inhibitor, differ
      substantially in that their pteridine rings are in inverse orientations relative
      to their p-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamate moieties. Methotrexate binding is similar to
      that previously observed in two bacterial enzymes but is quite different from
      that observed in the enzyme from a mouse lymphoma cell line [Stammers et al.
      (1987) FEBS Lett. 218, 178-184]. The geometry of the polypeptide chain around the
      folate binding site in the human enzyme is not consistent with conclusions
      previously drawn with regard to the species selectivity of the inhibitor
      trimethoprim [Matthews et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 392-399].

PMID- 3383853
TI  - The sheep metallothionein gene family. Structure, sequence and evolutionary
      relationship of five linked genes.
AB  - Southern blot analysis of the sheep genome revealed a metallothionein gene family
      with at least nine members. Two overlapping cosmid clones spanning approximately
      67 kb and containing five metallothionein genes have been isolated. DNA sequence
      analysis reveals that one of these is a metallothionein II variant, three are
      metallothionein I variants and one is a truncated metallothionein pseudogene
      containing only the first exon. The predicted amino acid sequence was compared
      with previously reported amino acid composition data of sheep metallothioneins
      [Whanger, P. D., Oh, S.-H. & Deagen, J. T. (1981) J. Nutr. 111, 1207-1215], and
      this suggests that we have isolated the genes encoding the major protein isoforms
      found in the sheep liver. The promoter regions of these genes contain many
      conserved elements, among them metal-regulatory elements and putative
      glucocorticoid-responsive elements. However, there are a number of differences
      between these genes in the arrangement of these elements. Sequence comparisons
      indicate that the multiple metallothionein I genes and the pseudogene appear to
      have resulted from sequential duplication events, and a larger cluster of
      metallothionein I genes may have been disrupted leading to the formation of the
      pseudogene.

PMID- 3383854
TI  - Differential expression of four linked sheep metallothionein genes.
AB  - Regulation of the closely linked endogenous sheep MT-Ia, MT-Ib, MT-Ic and MT-II
      genes by heavy metals and dexamethasone was studied in cultured sheep
      fibroblasts. Only MT-II mRNA was detectable before addition of any inducer.
      Addition of copper, zinc or cadmium salts to the culture medium increased the
      level of each mRNA; however, the magnitude of this response varied greatly
      between the four metallothionein genes. Following induction, levels of MT-Ia mRNA
      were the highest, followed by MT-II and MT-Ic mRNAs. The MT-Ib mRNA was only
      present at low levels. Zinc and cadmium were found to be the most effective
      inducers of each gene. The maximal response of the sMT-Ia, Ib and II genes to
      copper was only 30% of zinc and cadmium. The sMT-Ic gene responded very weakly to
      copper, less than 5% of the levels achieved with zinc. Only the MT-II mRNA
      increased in response to dexamethasone. In the liver of sheep on normal diets,
      the levels of MT-Ia, Ic and II mRNAs were found to be unexpectedly high and
      comparable to induced levels in fibroblasts.

PMID- 3383855
TI  - Concomitant pulmonary arteriovenous and inferior vena cava malformations. A case
      report.
AB  - A case of pulmonary arterio-venous malformation (AVM) presenting with dyspnoea
      diagnosed by computer tomography (CT) and pulmonary angiography is reported.
      Venous anomalies in the form of agenesis of the iliac veins and the inferior vena
      cava (IVC), were discovered through femoral venograms performed after technical
      difficulties were encountered at pulmonary angiography performed via the femoral
      route. These venous anomalies co-existed with normal but dilated azygos and
      hemiazygos systems, and with the azygos appearing as a right hilar mass lesion
      which showed the "candy cane sign" on the lateral view on venography. A dilated
      varix at the confluence of the right renal vein and the IVC collaterals was also
      noted. This association of a pulmonary AVM and IVC agenesis has not been
      previously reported in the literature. The embryogenesis of the inferior vena
      cava and the azygos system is presented in an attempt to explain the rare
      association of these anomalies. The various techniques of diagnosing the disease
      entities, especially by CT, are discussed. The rare co-existence of pulmonary AVM
      and the absence of the IVC is emphasized.

PMID- 3383856
TI  - Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: CT evaluation. Case report.
AB  - CT scans of two patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy were reviewed in
      conjunction with the clinical evolution of this uncommon and potentially fatal
      disorder. In each of the CT scans, liver density measurements were less than
      those of the spleen. While the findings are non-specific, in the proper clinical
      context they are highly suggestive and may be the sole method of diagnosis, as
      these patients often have coagulation problems which rule out liver biopsy. It is
      an important diagnosis, as the high maternal and fetal mortality rates appear to
      be considerably reduced by early foetal delivery.

PMID- 3383857
TI  - Primary pulmonary amyloidosis with multiple nodules.
AB  - A 61-year old asymptomatic woman had a five-year history of pulmonary nodular
      lesions on routine radiographs. She underwent open lung biopsy, which revealed
      nodular lesions in the lungs and thickened pleura. Histological examination
      showed amyloid deposits in the pulmonary parenchyma and adjacent pleura. Congo
      Red staining of the specimen demonstrated green birefringence under polarized
      light. This affinity for Congo Red dye remained after potassium permanganate
      treatment, suggesting primary amyloidosis. Multiple nodular amyloidosis of the
      lungs should be included in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary
      nodules.

PMID- 3383858
TI  - Lissencephaly: diagnosis by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
AB  - A patient with Miller-Dieker-Syndrome, which is associated with lissencephaly,
      was examined by Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
      While CT demonstrated the main features of lissencephaly, MRI detected disturbed
      myelination and cell migration in the cerebral hemispheres and a normal
      appearance of the cerebellum. MRI provides more accurate information of the
      pathomorphologic changes of lissencephaly and is thus superior to CT.

PMID- 3383859
TI  - High and low osmolar contrast media: who pays?

PMID- 3383860
TI  - Computer-assisted rotation and multiple stationary irradiation technique. Newly
      designed overrunning multi-leaf collimators for conformation radiotherapy.
AB  - A computer-assisted rotation and stationary conformation radiotherapy system with
      overrunning multileaf collimators has been developed. This system can produce any
      shape of target volume, including a number of target areas outside the axis of
      the rotation, regardless of the location of the axis at 360 degrees rotation
      irradiation. In addition, by changing the dose rate and deleting a partial region
      within a field, multiple stationary irradiation can produce more homogeneous
      target volumes--thus avoiding excessive irradiation to critical organs--than the
      rotation technique.

PMID- 3383861
TI  - Reproducibility of CT bone densitometry: operator versus automated ROI
      definition.
AB  - Intrasubject reproducibility with repeated determination of vertebral mineral
      density from a given set of CT images was investigated. The region of interest
      (ROI) in 10 patient scans was selected by four independent operators either
      manually or with an automated procedure separating cortical and spongeous bone,
      the operators being requested to interact in ROI selection. The mean intrasubject
      variation was found to be much lower with the automated process (0.3 to 0.6%)
      than with the conventional method (2.5 to 5.2%). In a second study, 10 patients
      were examined twice to determine the reproducibility of CT slice selection by the
      operator. The errors were of the same order of magnitude as in ROI selection.

PMID- 3383862
TI  - Osteopetrosis: some unusual radiological features with a short review.
AB  - The radiological features of 27 cases of osteopetrosis were analysed
      retrospectively. The common features of generalized sclerosis of bones; with
      metaphyses showing characteristic widening, multiple transverse striations,
      cortical thickening and medullary calcifications as well as fractures, are seen
      in most cases. In addition to these changes, a number of rare features of
      osteopetrosis are seen, viz: medial and symmetrical metaphyseal cortical defects
      in the long bones (5 cases), excessive diaphyseal radiodense periosteal new bone
      formation (5 cases), bone-in-bone appearances (5 cases), and the presence of
      intracerebral and meningeal calcifications in 7 cases. The significance of these
      intracranial calcifications as a component of a particular autosomal recessive
      syndrome in which renal tubular acidosis and carbonic anhydrase II deficiency may
      co-exist, is discussed.

PMID- 3383863
TI  - A case of intracortical tuberculosis of the femur.
AB  - This is the report of an anatomical-radiological study of a case of femoral
      intracortical tuberculosis observed at the autopsy of an 83-year-old woman
      presenting with diffuse miliary tuberculosis. Among the differential diagnoses,
      carcinoma metastasis is the main alternative to be discussed.

PMID- 3383864
TI  - Gas in a cervical vertebral body. A case report with CT confirmation.
AB  - A case of intravertebral gas in the body of C6 is described. Three intervertebral
      discs also contained gas. The aetiology is assumed to be degenerative lesions.

PMID- 3383865
TI  - Parental death from heart disease and the risk of heart attack.
AB  - In the British Regional Heart Study, 7735 men aged 40-59 years were asked at
      initial screening whether their father or mother was alive or dead and to what
      cause any death had been attributed. They were followed up for the occurrence of
      major ischaemic heart disease events. At screening the men reported that 23% of
      the fathers and 43% of the mothers were alive and that 19% of the fathers and 11%
      of the mothers had died of heart trouble. In a sample of parental deaths, the
      death certificate was obtained and it was found that a son's report of a parental
      death from 'heart trouble' was a reliable indication that death had been
      certified to ischaemic heart disease. However, about half of the parental deaths
      certified as ischaemic heart disease were not reported as 'heart trouble' by
      their sons. A major ischaemic heart disease event was experienced by 336 men over
      an average follow-up of 6.2 years. Men who said their father had died from 'heart
      trouble' were at twice the risk of a major ischaemic heart disease event compared
      with men whose fathers were still alive and 1.5 times the risk of men who
      reported their father to be dead from another or unknown cause, even after
      accounting for age, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, cigarette
      smoking and serum HDL-cholesterol. For men with mother dead from heart trouble,
      the corresponding figures were 1.3 and 1.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383866
TI  - Myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The occurrence of diabetes mellitus and its complications and prognosis in an
      unselected consecutive series of patients with myocardial infarction (MI) was
      studied. Out of 341 patients 81 (24%) had diabetes. Comparisons were made between
      patients with and without diabetes. Age was higher and female sex more common
      among patients with diabetes. A considerable proportion of patients with diabetes
      were on digitalis when admitted (51%) compared to 20% of those without.
      Ventricular tachyarrhythmias requiring treatment did not differ between the two
      groups. High-degree AV-block was considerably more common among patients with
      diabetes (19%) than those without (7%; P less than 0.001). Mortality was higher
      in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients both during the hospital phase (25%,
      vs. 16%; P less than 0.02) and during one year of follow-up (53% vs. 28%; P less
      than 0.001). Diabetes was an independent prognostic risk factor for death (P less
      than 0.01). Fatal reinfarction was more common among diabetic patients (30%) than
      those without (14%; P less than 0.05). In conclusion diabetics with MI have a
      poor prognosis despite improvements in coronary care. The high late mortality is
      to a large extent related to a high proportion of fatal reinfarctions.

PMID- 3383867
TI  - The effect of sotalol on exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
AB  - Sotalol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with class III
      antiarrhythmic properties. Our study was intended to assess the efficacy of
      sotalol on exercise-inducible arrhythmias by oral administration to out patients.
      Thirty patients with exercise-inducible arrhythmias (80% coronary artery disease,
      20% congestive cardiomyopathy) were studied after two baseline bicycle ergometric
      stress tests performed in upright position. Twenty-five patients (including nine
      crossover cases of the lower dose protocol) were given sotalol in a daily dose of
      320 mg (group 1) and 14 patients in a dose of 160 mg (group 2). After 2 and 8
      weeks, respectively, group 1 showed a mean reduction of the total number of
      inducible ventricular premature beats (VPBs) of 50% (P = 0.0042) and 61% (P =
      0.0107), respectively and a significantly improved Lown score (P = 0.0002 and
      0.0006, respectively). A significant antiarrhythmic response was not demonstrable
      for group-2 patients. Because of inefficacy, nine patients were changed from
      group 2 to group 1. Reduction of arrhythmias on the higher dose was significant
      (P = 0.0147) in this group. There was the same significant reduction of the heart
      rate pressure product with the low and high dosage indicating that the beta
      blocker effect is achieved with the lower dosage. We conclude that sotalol is a
      powerful drug for reducing the number and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias
      in a dose of 320 mg daily. As the beta-blocking effect in both groups was the
      same, we assume that the reduction of arrhythmias is mainly due to class III
      action.

PMID- 3383868
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of intravenous nicainoprol, a new antiarrhythmic
      agent, in 11 patients.
AB  - Nicainoprol, a new class 1 antiarrhythmic drug was given intravenously in a dose
      of 2 mg kg-1 of body weight (two patients) and 3 mg kg-1 of body weight (nine
      patients), and the clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiological
      effects were studied. Fifteen minutes after the end of drug administration, the
      PR interval was prolonged by 24.4% (P less than 0.001), and the QTc by 3.9% (P
      less than 0.01). The prolongation of QRS duration (+6%) was not significant.
      There was a slight (-3.9%) but non-significant decrease of the heart rate, with
      no alteration in sinus node function. Alteration of atrial conduction and
      atrioventricular (AV) conduction were due to an increase in the PA interval
      (+57.4%, P less than 0.05), the AH interval (+10.9%, NS) and the HV interval
      (+43.8%, P less than 0.01). The anterograde Wenckebach cycle length increased by
      11% (P less than 0.01). The effective and functional atrial refractory periods
      increased respectively by 4.5% and 11.4% (P less than 0.05), and the effective
      refractory period of the AV node increased by 11.2% (P less than 0.05). None of
      the other electrophysiological variables changed significantly. A non-significant
      drop in blood pressure was noted between the second minute following injection (
      9.4%) and the 15th minute (-3.4%), and two patients complained of dizziness; one
      of these two patients reported a heat flush with an oral burning. In conclusion,
      nicainoprol seems to possess the electrophysiological properties of some other
      class I antiarrhythmic drugs, and is clinically well tolerated.

PMID- 3383869
TI  - Incidence of 'dual A-V nodal pathways' in first- and second-degree type I supra
      His A-V block.
AB  - The incidence of 'dual A-V nodal pathways', diagnosed on the basis of spontaneous
      or induced modifications in the PR interval, has been assessed in a group of 168
      consecutive patients with first- (77) and second-degree (91) type I supra-His
      block. 'Dual A-V nodal pathways' were found in 12 cases (16%) with first-degree
      and in 7 cases (7.7%) with second-degree type I supra-His A-V block. His bundle
      recording confirmed the hypothesis that PR interval variations observed in these
      cases are due to modifications in the AH interval and thus to changes in A-V
      nodal conduction velocity. The electrophysiologic study also showed that the
      phenomenon was easily reproduced by atrial stimulation. The frequent association
      between 'dual A-V nodal pathways' and supra-His blocks suggests that the block
      mechanism should be studied in depth as it could have prognostic and therapeutic
      implications.

PMID- 3383870
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the signal-averaged QRS in patients with arrhythmogenic
      right ventricular dysplasia.
AB  - Temporal signal averaging of the surface QRS (V1 + V3 + V5) was performed in 16
      patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and in 16 normal
      subjects. The differences between ARVD patients and normals were large for the
      filtered QRS duration (FQRSd) (146.2 +/- 18.9 ms vs. 91.8 +/- 4.1 ms, P less than
      0.000001), the late potential duration (LPd) (83.5 +/- 23.3 ms vs. 23.6 +/- 4.6
      ms, P less than 0.00001), the LPd/FQRSd ratio (53.9 +/- 10.1% vs. 25.8 +/- 5.1%,
      P less than 0.00001), the filtered QRS amplitude (234.0 +/- 61.1 microV vs. 429
      +/- 94.2 microV, P less than 0.001), and the root mean square voltage of the
      signals in the terminal 40 and 50 ms of the FQRS (RMS40 and RMS50) (18.4 +/- 10.0
      microV vs. 118.4 +/- 49.8 microV, P less than 0.0005 and 27.9 +/- 19.2 microV vs.
      217.0 +/- 66.3 microV, P less than 0.000002). RMS50 less than 40 microV
      discriminated best between ARVD and normals (81% sensitivity and 100%
      specificity). The right-sided predominance of the abnormalities in ARVD was
      demonstrated by the significantly longer FQRSd and LPd, and the higher ratio
      LPd/FQRSd in right than in left precordial leads. The arrhythmia susceptibility
      did not seem to influence the presence of or properties of LP in the ARVD group.
      Patients with multiple QRS morphologies during ventricular tachycardia (VT) had,
      compared with patients with only one type of VT, longer LPd (108.3 +/- 46.4 ms
      vs. 64.2 +/- 31.7 ms, P less than 0.02) and lower RMS40 voltage (9.4 +/- 9.9
      microV vs. 25.4 +/- 21.6 microV, P less than 0.05). The relative heart volume was
      positively correlated with delayed activity, but an enlarged heart was not a pre
      requisite for the presence of LP. The method thus identifies changes which are
      specific to ARVD. The findings indicate that certain electrical or morphological
      conditions are required for the occurrence of arrhythmias.

PMID- 3383871
TI  - Doppler echocardiographic estimation of cardiac output: analysis of temporal
      variability.
AB  - The temporal variability of combined cross-sectional and Doppler
      echocardiographic estimates of cardiac output was studied in 14 normal subjects.
      In each subject cross-sectional echocardiographs and Doppler velocities were
      recorded from the aortic, pulmonary and mitral valves. Recordings were repeated
      after 30-60 min and after 1-3 months to allow estimation of short-term and long
      term temporal variability. A components of variance analysis showed that between
      subject variability was significantly larger than within-subject variability for
      all measured and calculated variables. Long-term variability was larger than
      short-term variability for all variables except the mitral valve area.
      Calculation of flows from the three measurement sites were equally reproducible
      and the mean percentage error for CO measurements performed 1-3 months apart
      ranged from 6.4% to 7.4%. The 95% confidence intervals for Doppler measurements
      of CO at the three sites ranged from +/- 0.49 l min-1 to +/- 0.56 l min-1,
      suggesting that the temporal variability of flow measurements using the non
      invasive Doppler method is sufficiently small for the method to be useful in
      serial haemodynamic studies.

PMID- 3383872
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies specific for human cardiac myosin: selection,
      characterization and experimental myocardial infarct imaging.
AB  - Radiolabelled anti-myosin antibodies (AM Ab) specifically accumulate in
      necrotizing myocytes and, therefore, allow the scintigraphic detection of
      myocardial infarction. In order to provide a constant supply of myosin-specific
      antibodies, the somatic cell fusion technique was used for the selection and
      propagation of AM Ab. Out of 126 antibody producing cell lines, nine were
      selected for further subcloning, due to their high affinity for purified myosin.
      For the in vivo imaging, two IgG-antibody molecules appeared particularly useful
      based on their antigenic specificity as assessed by immunoblotting and indirect
      immunofluorescence technique. After radiolabelling with iodine-123, undigested
      antibody molecules or their Fab fragments were injected into 10 dogs with
      experimental myocardial infarction. The accumulation of radioactivity in
      myocardial infarction was assessed by in vivo imaging and in vitro scintigraphy
      of ventricular slices stained by tetrazolium. The use of undigested AM Ab
      resulted in a high uptake ratio of radioactivity in the infarcted as compared to
      normal myocardium (20:1). In vivo infarct imaging, however, was not possible due
      to sustained labelling of the blood pool. The uptake ratio of iodine-123 labelled
      Fab fragments was only 9:1, but due to a faster plasma clearance of the Fab
      fragments, uptake in the heart could be visualized 5 h after intravenous
      injection. Clear differentiation between infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium,
      however, was limited by accumulation of radioactivity in the thoracotomy wound,
      in the liver, and in the stomach.

PMID- 3383873
TI  - Direct Fick cardiac output: are assumed values of oxygen consumption acceptable?
AB  - The use of assumed values of oxygen consumption has become an accepted practice
      in the calculation of direct Fick cardiac output. A survey showed that the
      assumed values in common use were derived from basal metabolic rate studies on
      normal subjects, a use which may not be valid. We have compared previous assumed
      values based on basal metabolic rate or cardiac catheterization studies with
      those obtained by direct measurement in 80 patients (age range 38-78 years) with
      various cardiac disorders. Comparison of the assumed and directly measured values
      of indexed oxygen consumption and the cardiac index showed large discrepancies,
      with over half the values differing by more than +/- 10% and many by more than +/
      25% from the measured value. Assumed values of oxygen consumption should be used
      with caution when calculating cardiac output during cardiac catheterization
      procedures, because large errors can result. The equations of LaFarge and
      Miettinen gave the closest approximation to the measured data and their use is
      recommended in preference to values predicted from basal metabolic rate studies.

PMID- 3383874
TI  - Programmed stimulation and ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 3383875
TI  - Prognosis after withdrawal of chronic postinfarction metoprolol treatment: a 2-7
      year follow-up.
AB  - In a randomized double-blind postinfarction study 301 patients were treated with
      either metoprolol 100 mg b.i.d. (n = 154) or placebo (n = 147) for three years.
      After the three-year treatment period the study preparation was gradually
      withdrawn over one week, followed by another 2-7 year follow-up. Mortality and
      morbidity data were studied both during the intervention period (reported
      elsewhere) and over the period following withdrawal of study therapy. During the
      period following the withdrawal of the trial preparation, there were 16 (14%) and
      31 (24%) deaths in the previously placebo and metoprolol groups, respectively (P
      = 0.10). Corresponding figures for reinfarctions and cerebrovascular events were
      15 (13%) vs. 12 (9%) and 14 (12%) vs. 9 (7%) (NS). From a Cox regression analysis
      taking 13 different variables into account, a model describing the risk for
      subsequent death was constructed. The model identified the following important
      variables: sex (relative risk (rr) = 2.4), beta-blocker withdrawal (rr = 2.1),
      performance on exercise test and digitalis treatment (rr = 2.3, P less than
      0.05). The present results, as well as those from other studies, seem to favour
      continuous postinfarction beta blocker therapy provided that there are no severe
      side-effects from therapy. Digitalis therapy in postinfarction patients in sinus
      rhythm may have adverse effects on survival during long-term follow-up.

PMID- 3383876
TI  - Quantitation of aortic regurgitation by colour coded cross-sectional Doppler
      echocardiography.
AB  - In 60 patients with aortic regurgitation, angiography and cross-sectional Doppler
      echocardiography have been compared in order to examine the reliability of the
      noninvasive method in quantitating aortic regurgitation. In a parasternal short
      axis view just below the aortic valve, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of
      the jet divided by the cross-sectional area of the left ventricular outflow tract
      was determined. This measurement was possible in 50 patients (83%). Grossman's
      classification was used as the criterion for assessing the severity of aortic
      regurgitation by angiography. Values for the ratio of grade I ranged from 0.03 to
      0.18, II 0.06 to 0.29, III 0.30 to 0.55, and IV 0.40 to 0.65. Assuming four
      Doppler grades (less than 0.15, 0.15-0.29, 0.30-0.44, greater than or equal to
      0.45), we found complete agreement between the two methods in 42 patients (84%).
      In six cases there was underestimation, in two cases overestimation, by one grade
      only. Considering all cases, X2 analysis gave 96.6, P less than 0.00001, the
      contingency coefficient was 0.81. We conclude that, using this measurement, cross
      sectional Doppler is a reliable method for the quantitative evaluation of aortic
      regurgitation.

PMID- 3383878
TI  - Left ventricular diastolic function in young long-term type 1 (insulin-dependent)
      diabetic men during exercise assessed by digitized echocardiography.
AB  - Digitized M-mode echocardiograms were obtained during semisupine bicycle exercise
      in 10 relatively young (less than 40 years) long-term (greater than or equal to
      12 years) type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic men, without overt heart disease,
      and 10 controls. Recordings were done at rest and during workloads of 50 and 100
      W. At rest, heart rate was similar in the groups, while at peak exercise it was
      higher in the diabetics whose left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension was
      smaller at all study phases. From baseline to peak exercise the diastolic period
      decreased in both groups, while the LV diastolic peak rate of dimension increase,
      normalized for end-diastolic dimension, the rapid filling period and the LV
      dimension change during this period increased. The normalized peak rates of
      dimension increase and heart rates correlated positively in the groups. However,
      diabetics had a lower normalized peak rate of dimension increase after adjusting
      for heart rate by covariance analysis, both at rest (18%) and during peak
      exercise (20%). Thus, compared to controls, this well defined group of type 1
      diabetic men had a consistent subclinical decrease in their peak rate of
      dimension increase, both at rest and during exercise. Furthermore, the peak rate
      of dimension increase remained lower in the diabetic subjects after normalization
      for their smaller end-diastolic dimension and after adjustment for their higher
      heart rate.

PMID- 3383877
TI  - Reference values for pulsed Doppler signals from the blood flow velocity on both
      sides of the pulmonary valve.
AB  - Pulsed Doppler signals were recorded from the pulmonary artery and the right
      ventricular outflow tract in 215 healthy subjects (120 males, 95 females; 1-65
      years). Amplitude spectra from these Doppler signals were stored in digital form
      together with adjustment data for the instrument and the simultaneously recorded
      ECG. From these Doppler spectra the median of the maximal velocity (Vmax), the
      maximal acceleration (Amax) and the dispersion of the velocity distribution
      around Vmax (width) were calculated. These three median values were used to
      characterize the Doppler spectra and to define normal values for bloodflow
      velocities. Thus, calculations were made without observer interacting using a
      well-defined computer program. The effect of age, gender, body surface area and
      heart rate were studied. Reference ranges were calculated. There is a slight
      decrease of the median value of Vmax and Amax in the pulmonary artery during
      lifetime from 80 to 70 cm s-1 and from 1,200 to 800 cm s-2, respectively. On the
      other hand, there is no correlation between age and Vmax and Amax in the right
      ventricular outflow tract. The width of the spectra increases with age at both
      sites. No significant changes with age were seen with the other variables.

PMID- 3383879
TI  - An assessment of single doses of 8 mg sustained-release molsidomine using serial
      exercise tests.
AB  - The effectiveness and duration of the anti-anginal action of two sustained
      release preparations, molsidomine (8 mg) and isosorbide dinitrate (20 mg), were
      assessed by means of serial exercise tests in 12 patients with angina of effort.
      The tests, which were limited by the symptoms, were carried out on three
      consecutive days using the Bruce protocol. Each patient was tested four times
      each day: the first test was performed before treatment and the others were
      carried out 1, 4 and 8 h after administration of the drug or placebo. One hour
      after administration of molsidomine, the appearance of signs of ischaemia in the
      ECG were considerably delayed and they were reduced in magnitude. Furthermore,
      the length of time during which the patients were free of angina increased. After
      4 h both drugs significantly delayed the onset of angina and depression of the ST
      segment by 1 mm. The conclusion is that at the doses used both drugs prolong the
      length of time in which there is no angina, but that they have no significant
      effect at 8 h.

PMID- 3383880
TI  - The relationship between ST segment deviation projected to the front of the chest
      during exercise and simultaneous Holter monitoring.
AB  - Simultaneous two-channel Holter monitoring, with a direct recording system, and
      maximal exercise testing with a 12-lead precordial electrocardiographic mapping
      system were performed in 50 patients with chest pain (41 with documented coronary
      artery disease, 9 without). The exploring Holter leads were placed to correspond
      to CM5 and an aVF-like lead. In 36 patients, ST segment changes were found with
      both Holter and the 12-lead precordial electrocardiogram, while in 12 patients no
      ischaemic changes were detected by either method. Thus the results of the two
      methods concurred in 48 of 50 patient (96%). The magnitude of the ischaemic
      change was similar in 24 of 36 patients (67%), while the Holter system
      underestimated the ischaemic change by 0.5-2.0 mm in 12 patients. When the
      maximal ST segment deviation in V5 was compared with CM5, the deviations with
      both systems were identical in all but one patient in whom a difference of 0.5 mm
      was found. The use of a Holter lead resembling a VF identified maximal ST segment
      change on only one occasion, and in only four patients was an ST segment change
      of 1 mm noted. In conclusion, ambulatory monitoring utilizing only CM5 seems to
      detect most episodes with ST segment changes, but the use of a 12-lead precordial
      mapping system during exercise testing may expand the possibility of defining the
      optimal sites for the exploring Holter leads to detect maximal ST segment change.

PMID- 3383881
TI  - Non-invasive data provide independent prognostic information in patients with
      chest pain without previous myocardial infarction: findings in male patients who
      have had cardiac catheterization.
AB  - From 1978 to 1985, 470 consecutive male patients with complaints of chest pain
      underwent a maximal exercise test with a thallium scan and coronary angiography
      (CA). Patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) were excluded. During
      the follow-up (from 12 to 96 months), 32 patients died and 30 had a non-fatal MI.
      Survival (SR) and event-free rates (EFR) were estimated by actuarial methods; the
      influence of non-invasive and invasive variables were examined in univariate and
      multivariate models using Cox analysis. The five-year SR was 89% and EFR was 81%.
      Among historical data, age (less than 0.001), type of complaints (less than 0.01)
      and pretest likelihood of CAD (less than 0.01) were univariate predictors of EFR;
      by multivariate analysis, age was the only significant predictor (less than
      0.001). Most of the maximal-exercise (MEX) test data were good univariate
      predictors; by multivariate analysis, workload (less than 0.001) and the maximal
      exercise test score (less than 0.001) were the significant predictors. From
      history and maximal-exercise test data, multivariate analysis indicated that the
      prognostic information was given by age (less than 0.05) and maximal-exercise
      test score (less than 0.001). Among the invasive data, the number of diseased
      vessels (less than 0.001) and ejection fraction were the predictors. The
      combination of invasive and non-invasive data indicated that age, MEX score,
      number of diseased vessels and ejection fraction contributed significantly and
      independently to the estimation of prognosis. Among 242 patients with two or
      three diseased vessels, the prognosis was determined by the maximal workload
      (less than 0.01); ejection fraction (less than 0.07) was no longer
      significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383882
TI  - Improved risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease.
      Application of a survival function using continuous exercise and angiographic
      variables.
AB  - Assessment of prognosis plays an important role in the management of patients
      with CAD. The objective of the study was to improve risk stratification in
      patients with known coronary angiographic findings. We analyzed the prognostic
      importance of 13 angiographic, exercise, and clinical variables in 1183 medically
      treated patients with documented CAD. Five-year actuarial survival rate (5-YSR)
      was 87%. Multivariate analysis with the proportional hazards regression model
      revealed four continuous and one discrete variable to be of independent
      prognostic importance (chi 2 value): cardiac output at the highest work load
      (COmax) (chi 2 = 80.7); coronary score (chi 2 = 18.6); heart volume by X-ray (chi
      2 = 14.7); maximal pulmonary wedge pressure during exercise (chi 2 = 5.3), and
      history of myocardial infarction (chi 2 = 4.8). Inclusion of these variables in
      the survival function according to the regression model resulted in excellent
      prediction of 5-YSR, e.g. in the patients with three-vessel disease (N = 399):
      actuarial 5-YSR was 80%, calculated 81%. Patients with three-vessel disease and
      COmax greater than 11.21 min-1 (N = 188) had an actuarial 5-YSR of 88%,
      calculated 89%; if COmax was less than 11.21 min-1 the actuarial 5-YSR was 71%,
      calculated 70%. Patients with three-vessel disease from an independent cohort of
      surgically treated patients (N = 507) had a calculated 5-YSR under an assumed
      medical regimen of 77%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3383883
TI  - Prognostic implications of transient--predominantly silent--ischaemia in patients
      with unstable angina pectoris.
AB  - The occurrence of unstable angina pectoris, despite medical treatment, is
      generally regarded as an ominous prognostic sign and an indication for invasive
      diagnosis and revascularization. We investigated 38 consecutive patients with
      severe unstable angina with a mean of 2.5 days of continuous two-channel,
      frequency modulated Holter monitoring for ST segment analysis. In 16 patients,
      transient ischaemic episodes (more than 0.1 mV lasting more than 1 min) occurred
      despite maximal medical treatment: 82% of the episodes were silent. Compared to
      the 22 patients without ischaemic episodes there were no significant differences
      in prevalence of risk factors, numbers of vessels diseased (69% vs. 74% triple
      vessel disease) or ejection fraction (54 +/- 15% vs. 53 +/- 16%). The 30-day
      prognosis, however, varied: of 16 patients with ischaemic episodes, 14 (88%) had
      a subsequent cardiac event (death, AMI, PTCA or CABG) compared to only 10 of 22
      patients (45%) without ischaemic episodes (P less than 0.02 for all events, P
      less than 0.1 for death/AMI only). Transient ischaemic episodes, predominantly
      silent, are frequent in patients with severe unstable angina. Objective evidence
      of ongoing ischaemia despite medical treatment has a guarded short-term
      prognosis. 'Stabilization' of unstable angina may be incomplete as long as
      transient ischaemia at rest can still be detected.

PMID- 3383884
TI  - The basal electrocardiogram and the exercise stress test in assessing prognosis
      in patients with unstable angina.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of basal
      electrocardiogram and exercise stress test in 374 patients with unstable angina
      submitted to coronary angiography during the same hospitalization period. After
      stabilization of symptoms by medical therapy, patients were subdivided into four
      groups according to the ECG and stress test: Group 1 (54 patients with normal ECG
      and exercise stress test negative for ischaemia); Group 2 (86 patients with
      normal ECG and exercise stress test positive for ischaemia); Group 3 (59 patients
      with abnormal ECG and exercise stress test negative for ischaemia); Group 4 (175
      patients with abnormal ECG and exercise stress test positive for ischaemia). The
      severity of coronary atherosclerosis and impairment of left ventricular function
      increased progressively from Group 1 to 4, although differences in ventricular
      function were not significant between Groups 2 and 3. When discharged, patients
      were treated with verapamil and nitrates and followed for a period ranging from 1
      to 8 years; during follow-up, only one patient of Group 1 underwent coronary
      bypass surgery, compared to 22, 7 and 46 patients in Groups 2, 3 and 4,
      respectively. The eight-year survival rate in the four groups (1-4) was 100%,
      97%, 88% and 70%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were
      observed between Groups 1 and 3, 1 and 4, 2 and 4, and 3 and 4. Thus, the ECG and
      exercise stress test allow a population of patients with unstable angina to be
      selected (Group 1), having excellent long-term prognosis. These patients could
      avoid angiography, thereby reducing hospital costs, without compromising their
      health.

PMID- 3383885
TI  - Prognostic significance of angina pectoris recurring soon after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - The prognostic significance of an early occurrence, or recurrence, of angina
      pectoris after myocardial infarction was studied in 254 patients (221 male, 33
      female; mean age 58 +/- 11 years). During the in-hospital rehabilitation program,
      41 patients (16%) had anginal pain. The mean follow-up was 21 months (range 12-33
      months). Among the 254 patients, 21 died, five had recurrent myocardial
      infarction, 13 had unstable angina, and 22 underwent aortocoronary bypass
      surgery. An early recurrence of angina pectoris was predictive of combined
      (medical + surgical) events (21 patients, P less than 0.05), medical events (11
      patients, P less than 0.05) and surgical events (10 patients, P less than 0.001),
      but failed to predict individual death (six patients), recurrent myocardial
      infarction (two patients) or unstable angina (three patients). Of the events that
      occurred in the 254 patients, 34% were predicted by the early recurrence of
      angina pectoris. Early post-infarction angina was observed more frequently in
      older patients and patients with previous history of angina pectoris. This
      represents an important prognostic factor after myocardial infarction, which
      defines a high-risk group of patients requiring further investigation and
      appropriate therapeutic approaches.

PMID- 3383886
TI  - A normal response to programmed stimulation does not preclude the occurrence of
      life-threatening torsades de pointes with sotalol.

PMID- 3383887
TI  - Type I antiarrhythmic drugs are to be preferred in the treatment of ectopic
      tachycardias.

PMID- 3383888
TI  - Plaque reduction in arteries by spark erosion.

PMID- 3383889
TI  - Management of cervical cancer and surgical-pathological staging (SPS). Report of
      our clinical case series.
AB  - FIGO staging is imprecise in a relevant number of cases of cervical cancer,
      especially in advanced stages, when the prognosis and the choice of the therapy
      are most delicate. The Authors examine their case series about the index of
      correction of FIGO staging after Surgical Pathological Staging (SPS). Surgical
      Pathological Staging was applied systematically in 788 cases and revealed errors
      in FIGO staging in 16% of cases at stage I; 77% at stage II; and 96% at stage
      III. SPS allows a more precise knowledge of neoplastic diffusion and consequently
      to the elimination of many false advanced stages and to adequate the treatment.
      Furthermore 5 year survival rate confirms the role of SPS and Surgical therapy
      alone or combined with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in every stages of diffusion
      of cervical cancer.

PMID- 3383890
TI  - Advanced uterine sarcoma; response to chemotherapy.
AB  - A 15 year retrospective study of chemotherapy response to multiple regimens
      employed in 78 evaluable patients with advanced uterine sarcoma was performed.
      Single agent activity was noted with doxorubicin, methotrexate, and cisplatin (5
      11% response rate). Effective multigent regimens included cyclophosphamide,
      vincristine, doxorubicin, dacarbazine (CYVADIC) (23% response), cisplatin and
      dacarbazine (21% response) and vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide
      (VAC) (18% response). There was no difference in response rate among different
      histologies. More active agents or combinations are needed.

PMID- 3383891
TI  - Complications of axillary, inguinal, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy.
AB  - Post-axillary lymphadenectomy complications have been checked in 1097 patients.
      Lymphedema occurred in 4.6% of cases, brachial injuries in 2% and necrosis with
      wound dehiscence in 0.44%. Pelvic lymphadenectomy complications have been studied
      in 139 patients who underwent Wertheim's operation and in 4 cases treated with
      Schauta-Mitra's operation for cervix or endometrium cancer. Para-aortic and
      pelvic lymphadenectomy complications have been considered in 92 patients who
      underwent Wertheim's operation, in 10 patients treated with anterior pelvic
      exenteration and in 1 patient who underwent posterior pelvic exenteration. The
      complications of para-aortic and pelvic selective lymphadenectomy have been
      checked in 101 patients. We had 3 peri-operatory deaths, 5 severe
      gastrointestinal complications (3 deceased for fistulae) and 2 intra-operatory
      iliac vessel injuries. Uretero-vaginal fistulae occurred in 6.2% of the cases
      also treated with radium-therapy and in 2.2% of the others. Intra/post-operatory
      bleeding was respectively 1500 +/- 450 ml and 450 +/- 300 ml. The complications
      of inguino-femoral and inguino-pelvic lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer have been
      checked in 35 patients who had necrosis and wound dehiscence in all cases and
      lower limb thrombophlebitis in 2 cases.

PMID- 3383892
TI  - Reconstructive techniques in gynecologic oncology: the use of human dura mater
      allografts.
AB  - Human dura mater has been utilized in various reconstructive procedures following
      radical pelvic surgery at the Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of
      Miami School of Medicine. Our preliminary results indicate that this allograft is
      strong, durable, and acts as a good biological barrier. However, it does not seem
      to prevent the development of enteropelvic fistulae in patients who undergo total
      pelvic exenteration following radiotherapy. Dura mater has also been employed in
      abdominal hernia repairs, repair of wound dehiscenses, and in the coverage of the
      femoral vessels after groin dissection. Provisional results with these
      reconstructive techniques appear promising. These results are discussed, and
      suggestions regarding the use of this allograft are delineated.

PMID- 3383893
TI  - Epidemiology of cancer of the female genital organs in Yugoslavia.
AB  - The descriptive epidemiological method was applied. In the preparation of the
      data, basic statistical procedures were used. Data were obtained from Slovenian
      Cancer Registry and Yugoslav Statistics Institute, and studied over the period
      from 1971 to 1985. In terms of rate of occurrence, malignant neoplasms of the
      female genital organs rank first in all cases of cancer, with 20.94%. Uterine
      cervix and corpus and ovary, are always in the ten leading primary cancer sites.
      Malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs comprise about 2% of all causes
      of death in females and just over 15% of all deaths from cancer. Cervical cancer
      has an average incidence rate of 18.56, while mortality rate is 4.67 per 100,000
      women. Both incidence and mortality decreased throughout the investigated period.
      Other malignant neoplasms of the uterus appear in 15.45 cases per 100,000 and
      this rate shows a slightly increasing trend. However, the mortality rate is 3.77
      and this shows a distinct decrease, in all parts of the country. The average
      incidence rate for cancer of the ovary is 12.61, decreasing slowly. Malignant
      neoplasms of the ovary have the mortality rate of 3.94, which has been constantly
      rising. Malignant neoplasms of the other genital organs have the average
      incidence rate of 3.15 and mortality rate of 0.95. These rates remain stable over
      the period from 1971 to 1985.

PMID- 3383894
TI  - The changing epidemiology of gynaecological cancer in Trieste: a fifteen-year
      case study.
AB  - The peculiarity of the geopolitical situation of the City of Trieste makes it a
      good observatory for surveillance of diseases. The Authors describe the changing
      patterns of gynaecological neoplasias in Trieste during a fifteen-year time span.

PMID- 3383895
TI  - Chemotherapy with CDDP.
AB  - The Authors report the results obtained in 30 patients affected by ovarian
      carcinoma and treated with chemotherapy using the parenteral route in 27 cases
      and the intraperitoneal one in 3 women. Parenteral chemotherapy following
      surgical staging and extensive tumour removal with the last residual tumour,
      consisted of a therapeutic scheme of mono- and poli-chemotherapy. The doses of
      cisplatin (CDDP) in mono-chemotherapy were correlated to the intensive anatomical
      radiological-surgical staging. The patients treated with poli-chemotherapy
      underwent cycles with CDDP + alkylating agents. Moreover, 3 of the patients
      received low doses of cisplatin by intraperitoneal administration. In 27 cases
      pre- and post-therapy enzymuria was evaluated: it represents, in fact, the most
      reliable laboratory test to discover an acute tubulo-toxicity and is able to
      reveal chronic tubular damage. Our results demonstrate that a suitable
      nephrologic monitoring of the patients allows a more accurate use of the
      cisplatin with a better cost-benefit relation.

PMID- 3383896
TI  - Activity of interferon beta in condylomata with dysplastic lesion of the uterine
      cervix.
AB  - The effectiveness of interferon beta in the treatment of condylomata of the
      cervico-vaginal tract associated with CINs was evaluated in 25 patients. Human
      fibroblastic interferon (IFN beta) was administered by intra and perilesional
      infiltration at a dosage of 3 x 10(6) IU/day for 5 consecutive days the first
      week and every other day the second. The treatment showed: complete regression in
      61.76% of CIN I and 58.69% of CIN II; partial regression in 26.47% of CIN I and
      21.73% of CIN II. The picture remained unvaried in 11.76% of CIN I and 19.56% of
      CIN II.

PMID- 3383897
TI  - Role of radiotherapy in the management of cervical carcinoma.
AB  - Different therapy schemes related with the stage of tumours are reported, after
      general considerations on the topic. We have evaluated various criteria for the
      choice of methods, pointing out the complications of therapy. Lithium-carbonate
      action during radiation therapy has been studied, valuing the positive effect on
      leukopoiesis and the consequent better clinical conditions of the patients in
      course of treatment. In this study we report our experience with regard to 21
      patients affected by cervical neoplasia, histologically diagnosed. The stages of
      neoplasia in the 21 patients were so distributed: 10 at stage I B, 8 at stage II
      A, 3 at stage II B. Treatment consisted of three therapeutical techniques: 1)
      application of radium in the cervical canal and in the vaginal fornices; 2)
      surgical procedure; 3) application of radium against the vaginal vault. In
      agreement with other author's results, the histological exam of the surgical
      specimen confirmed in different cases the complete absence of neoplastic aspects
      following the pre-operative radiotherapy. Although our experience is limited, we
      hold that radio-surgical "sandwich" treatment of cervical carcinoma may represent
      an excellent therapy in young women and in patients with associated systemic
      diseases. The follow-up of the 21 patients has excluded up to this day any
      neoplasia. In this program pre-operative intracavitary radiotherapy is a primary
      step allowing, in the majority of the cases, the reduction of surgical
      radicality. In so doing, effective therapeutical results associated with a better
      quality of life are obtained.

PMID- 3383898
TI  - Psychologic morbidity in survivors of gynaecologic cancer.

PMID- 3383899
TI  - Colorectal carcinoma in pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - The Author reports a colorectal carcinoma case in pregnancy; he reviews the
      literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of these cases and
      probable reciprocal influences between tumor and pregnancy.

PMID- 3383900
TI  - Secretory (juvenile) carcinoma of the breast in an adult woman.
AB  - A case of secretory (juvenile) carcinoma of the breast is reported in a 31-year
      old woman. Secretory carcinoma in adults is rare, only twenty-seven cases
      previously reported. It is known to have a more favourable prognosis than the
      conventional ductal carcinoma. The most adequate treatment appears to be a simple
      mastectomy with low axillary dissection.

PMID- 3383901
TI  - Hemangioma of the ovary.
AB  - A case of ovarian hemangioma is reported and illustrated with the authors'
      comments. Few similar cases have been found in a literature review of vascular
      tumors of the female organs.

PMID- 3383902
TI  - Whole body distribution of 99mTc labelled autologous human granulocytes and
      radiation dose to cells and organs.
AB  - The whole body distribution of radioactivity as a function of time after infusion
      of 99mTc labelled autologous granulocytes was measured in three volunteers by
      means of a scanning bed, a scintillation camera and a minicomputer. Labelling was
      performed with a bisalt method without pretinning. There was a considerable
      initial lung sequestration (22%-31%) of the injected activity, which disappeared
      with an effective half life of 42 min. One h after infusion the activity was
      found mainly in the liver (41%), spleen (8%), lungs (9%) and kidneys (5%). Urine
      excretion amounted to 30% during the first 32 h after infusion. An injected
      activity of 100 MBq caused a radiation dose of 4.4 m Gy to the liver, 6.3 m Gy to
      the spleen, 3.7 m Gy to the kidneys, and 0.2 m Gy and 0.1 m Gy to the ovaries and
      testes respectively. The labelling procedure and the subsequent decay within the
      granulocytes gave them an absorbed radiation dose of 1.8 Gy after 25 min (i.e.,
      at completion of the infusion) and 8.4 Gy after 4 h (i.e., the normal imaging
      time). In vitro tests revealed no signs of radiation damage to the cells.

PMID- 3383903
TI  - The effects of stress on left ventricular ejection fraction.
AB  - The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was studied in 17 healthy volunteers
      with a new ambulatory left ventricular function monitor. Heart rate, EF, and
      blood pressure measurements were made during rest, a psychiatric stress
      interview, cold exposure, exercise, and eating. An increase in EF was seen during
      emotional stress (from 0.45 +/- 0.09 to 0.51 +/- 0.13, P less than 0.001). This
      increase was comparable to that observed during exercise (0.52 +/- 0.14) and
      eating (0.52 +/- 0.10, P less than 0.001). In contrast, cold exposure caused a
      decrease in EF (0.43 +/- 0.13, P less than 0.05). These observations demonstrate
      the powerful hemodynamic consequences of common behaviors as well as the utility
      and feasibility of studying such behavioral factors in ambulatory subjects.

PMID- 3383904
TI  - Application of I-123 HIPDM as a lung imaging agent.
AB  - N,N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-(2-Hydroxyl-3-Methyl-5-123I Iodobenzyl)-1,3
      Propanediamine.Hcl (123I-HIPDM) has been used for diagnosis of patients with
      strokes and dementias. Since this radiopharmaceutical is also accumulated in the
      lung, we routinely performed a lung image or images immediately prior to cerebral
      planar and SPECT images after a 3-5 mCi 123I-HIPDM injection. During the past 14
      months, we obtained 78 (age from 41 to 92 years, average 66.7 +/- 8.9 years; 64
      males, 14 females) suspected stroke or dementia patients' lung images. All lung
      images were correlated to chest X-ray (CXR) or CT and other clinical data. Sixty
      five of 78 patients had normal lungs showing homogeneous distribution of activity
      throughout the lungs which correlated well to normal CXR and/or CT studies.
      Abnormal scintigraphic patterns of the 13 patients included lung defect (5
      bronchogenic carcinoma with or without atelectasis) and decreased uptake in
      apices (8 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The findings of pulmonary
      intrathoracic pathologies on lung images with 123I-HIPDM suggests further
      evaluation of the agent for detection of localized pulmonary diseases and
      pulmonary physiological studies relating to amine metabolism.

PMID- 3383906
TI  - Blood brain barrier blocks transport of carboxyl-11C-nicotinic acid into human
      brain.

PMID- 3383905
TI  - Indium 111 antimyosin for the detection of leiomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.
AB  - 111In-antimyosin monoclonal antibody complex passes through damaged myocardial
      cell membranes and binds to the intracellular myosin. Normal myocardial and other
      muscle cells show no uptake. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma cells also
      contain intracellular myosin and the cell membrane permeability is greater than
      normal. Significant uptake of 111In-antimyosin was observed in patients with
      Leiomyosarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma suggesting that the reagent has a potential
      for the in vivo detection of these tumour types. Tumour to background ratios of
      10:1 were measured in one case and in view of the fact that the site of
      accumulation is intracellular, antimyosin may have a potential as a carrier for
      therapeutic agents.

PMID- 3383907
TI  - Comments to: "The hot skull: malignant or feminine?".

PMID- 3383908
TI  - Writing tremor myoclonus.
AB  - A patient with a 9-year history of primary writing tremor is described.
      Spontaneous postural tonic abduction and tremor of the right index finger was
      also present. Atypical features included unidirectionality of the tremor, writing
      associated and independent, bilateral proximal upper limb myoclonus. No clinical
      response was obtained after intravenous benztropine and subtotal lidocaine
      infiltration of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle motor point. There was
      no dystonia present. This case illustrates the sporadic occurrence of writing
      tremor of the primary type in the absence of dystonia, otherwise a common feature
      of writer's cramp.

PMID- 3383909
TI  - Brainstem auditory-evoked potentials studied with paired stimuli in multiple
      sclerosis patients.
AB  - In 19 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) brainstem auditory-evoked
      potentials (BAEP) with paired stimuli were recorded. Only hearing pathways
      without abnormalities in usual BAEP were examined. The latencies of wave III and
      wave V were significantly increased with the paired-stimulus technique (using
      paired-click intervals of 1.5 and 4.0 ms duration) compared to single clicks. In
      4 patients (21%) paired-click BAEP latencies exceeded the critical values of
      normal subjects. This technique might give new possibilities in detecting minor
      lesions in MS patients.

PMID- 3383910
TI  - Electromyographic and computed tomographic findings in five patients with
      monomelic spinal muscular atrophy.
AB  - Five patients with monomelic spinal muscular atrophy are described. Clinical
      features included insidious onset of wasting and weakness of one limb, lack of
      involvement of the cranial nerves, brain stem, pyramidal tracts and sensory
      system, and a stable condition over a period of 4-20 years. Clinical findings,
      electromyography and/or muscle biopsy were consistent with anterior horn cell
      lesion. Central cavities were excluded by magnetic resonance imaging studies of
      the spinal cord. Computed tomography of skeletal musculature and electromyography
      indicated more diffuse lower motor neuron involvement by revealing abnormalities
      in clinically unaffected muscles in 4 of the 5 patients. Myokymic discharges were
      found in the affected limb of 1 patient.

PMID- 3383911
TI  - Phenobarbital-induced buccolingual dyskinesia in oral apraxia.
AB  - A young woman with oral apraxia and a well-defined brain lesion on CT scan
      developed buccolingual dyskinesia lasting 40 days after low phenobarbital (PB)
      doses. Disruption of the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway from areas 6 and 4
      may have been important both in causing oral apraxia and in lowering the
      threshold for PB-induced buccolingual dyskinesia.

PMID- 3383912
TI  - Fisher's syndrome associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection.
AB  - A patient developed typical features of Fisher's syndrome after an infection with
      Campylobacter jejuni as ascertained by positive serology both in the blood and
      spinal fluid. This may be the first case of this association described.

PMID- 3383913
TI  - Outpatient treatment of Parkinson's disease.
AB  - A retrospective study of the treatment of 148 patients with severe parkinsonism
      is reported. After dopa preparation was introduced as a treatment for Parkinson's
      disease the progress of the disease has changed. More patients with first signs
      after 1970 had mild progression of disease compared to patients with a debut
      before 1970. In addition, the population with manifestations after 1970 had fewer
      cases of severe progression. Adverse effects of dopa treatment had been observed
      in 70% of the patients. After 5 years of treatment with dopa preparation, 62.1%
      of the patients had momentary peak-dose dyskinesia. After 2 years of treatment
      14.2% of the patients had on-off effects with higher incidence after further
      treatment. One hundred and fifteen patients have been treated with bromocriptine,
      27 patients for more than 5 years.

PMID- 3383914
TI  - Sural nerve morphology in asymptomatic uremia.
AB  - This study evaluates morphologically the sural nerves of two patients with acute
      and another pair with chronic uremia, both of whom had neither clinical nor
      electrophysiologic evidence of neuropathy. Morphometric changes indicative of
      myelin repair were noted in the chronic uremic case who had a shorter duration of
      renal failure but required dialysis. Also, changes suggestive of axonal
      degeneration were found in the case who had chronic uremia of long duration. Both
      cases of acute uremia did not reveal significant abnormalities. Structural
      changes in the sural nerves may precede clinical and nerve conduction
      derangements in uremia, specifically in chronic cases.

PMID- 3383915
TI  - Parietal ataxic hemiparesis.
AB  - Ataxia in the parietal lobe is rarely described. A case of ataxia hemiparesis due
      to a parietal lobe infarction is described and pathophysiology is discussed.

PMID- 3383916
TI  - Eating seizures and distraction-arousal functions. A case study.
AB  - Reports of epileptic seizures evoked by eating are very scarce in the literature.
      A review of the reported cases suggests that various mechanisms may act as
      triggering factors in this form of reflex epilepsy. We studied a 17-year-old boy
      in whom the seizures precipitated by eating had been prevented by giving him some
      alerting stimuli during the meal. The attention-arousal coupling sustained by the
      meal seems to play a role in triggering the attacks.

PMID- 3383917
TI  - Blink reflex in stroke: follow-up and correlation with function and CT
      parameters.
AB  - Blink reflex (BR) was examined serially in patients 1, 2 and 3 months after
      unilateral hemispheric cerebrovascular accident and compared with functional
      state and CT findings of lesion extent and location. BR R2 components were
      depressed and correlated with lesion size. Initial walking ability was correlated
      with latency and amplitude of both direct and consensual R2 elicited by
      stimulation of the paretic side. No correlation was found between BR and arm
      function or the final ambulatory ability. A model suggesting a close association
      between BR projection-facilitating fibers and those mediating facial movements is
      presented.

PMID- 3383918
TI  - Mental illness in Greek and Turkish adolescents.
AB  - Samples of 867 Greek adolescents in Munich, 2,702 Greek adolescents in Greece and
      2,780 Turkish adolescents in Turkey were assessed concerning mental health in a
      two-stage procedure. In the first stage the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)
      was used for screening. Significant age differences in the GHQ 28-item scale and
      most of its subscales were observed mainly for the samples in the homeland. Male
      adolescents had lower scores than female adolescents in the GHQ 28-item scale and
      its sub-scales while social class appeared to be of little influence.
      Significantly higher GHQ-28 scores were obtained for Greeks and Turks in their
      homeland as compared to Greeks in Turks in their homeland as compared to Greeks
      in Munich. The GHQ-28 correlations with the Anorexia Nervosa Inventory for Self
      Rating were fairly high. A principal component analysis with Varimax rotation
      showed fairly consistent results for this age group when compared with the
      results of Goldberg and Hillier (1979). With the exception of the GHQ factor
      social dysfunction Greek adolescents in their homeland had significantly higher
      scores in the total GHQ-28 and its sub-scales than Greeks in Germany. Thus, our
      data do not confirm the acculturation-stress hypothesis. The data would be
      consistent with the hypothesis of selective migration which states that Greek
      adolescents in Germany constitute a positive selection with respect to risk for
      mental illness.

PMID- 3383919
TI  - Fast repetitive force changes in hemiparetic and cerebellar patients.
AB  - A method for the continuous registration of rapid isometric force changes was
      investigated in 24 healthy control persons, 10 hemiparetic patients and 10
      cerebellar patients. Though the selection of both patient groups involved
      comparable deficits with respect to the number of force changes attained, the
      analysis of the underlying force-velocity patterns revealed considerable
      differences in the performance of hemiparetic and cerebellar patients.
      Hemiparetic patients showed gross deficits in both the force increasing and
      decreasing phases. In contrast to this, most cerebellar patients were able to
      release force as fast as normal controls, while marked slowness was only found
      for the force increasing phases.

PMID- 3383920
TI  - Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in cyanide poisoning.
AB  - A 29-year-old chemistry student took 50 ml of a 1% potassium cyanide solution
      (500 mg) in an attempted suicide. He became comatose, mydriatic, and was admitted
      to hospital in an apneic state. He woke up after 7 h and developed Parkinsonism
      in the following weeks. This regressed slowly during the 2 months after the
      poisoning apart from dysarthria, bradykinesia of the upper limbs, and very brisk
      monosynaptic reflexes. At 3 weeks after the intoxication, computerized tomography
      was largely normal, and there was CSF-dense hypodensity in both putamina after 5
      months. Sharply delimited signal elevation in T2 corresponding to the two
      putamina was detected by magnetic resonance imaging 8 weeks and 5 months after
      ingestion of the poison.

PMID- 3383921
TI  - The relative importance of history and symptoms in child psychiatric diagnosis.
AB  - This study analyzed the relationship between case history and reported symptoms
      and child psychiatric diagnosis in a sample of 928 cases. In addition sex, age,
      socioeconomic status and intelligence were considered. In general, symptoms were
      more important than case history data and background factors. Antisocial symptoms
      contained by far the most information for diagnosis. However, the highest
      information gained by a combination of different variables was only 20%. Overall,
      case history data represent an nonspecific factor of vulnerability in child
      psychiatric disorders which are primarily determined by symptoms.

PMID- 3383922
TI  - Prognostic validity of the familial subtypes of depression.
AB  - We examined the prognostic validity of Winokur's familial subtypes of depression
      in 184 in-patients with primary unipolar major depression. Patients with familial
      pure depressive disease had a more favorable hospital course and reported less
      symptoms during a 6-month follow-up evaluation than patients with depressive
      spectrum disease or sporadic depressive disease. Consistent with previous studies
      of the validity of the familial subtypes, the use of stringent thresholds to
      diagnose the patient's relatives increased the validity of classification.

PMID- 3383923
TI  - Time estimation of depressive patients: the influence of interval content.
AB  - Duration judgements for intervals of different lengths and content were studied
      in depressive in-patients (n = 47) and a control sample of surgical in-patients
      (n = 16). As suggested by research on non-clinical subjects, tasks during the
      intervals influenced the depressed patients' duration judgements. Severely
      depressed endogenous depressives (n = 17) over-estimated time when left
      completely unoccupied or when attending to tasks requiring concentration.
      Endogenous depressives (n = 17) remitted with regard to subjective depression
      but, exhibiting signs of psychomotor retardation, selectively over-estimated time
      when required to concentrate under time pressure. Neurotic/reactive depressives
      (n = 13) with an intermediate level of subjective depression and almost normal
      psychomotor functioning did not over-estimate any of these intervals. Time
      estimations of patients and controls did not differ for intervals in the range of
      seconds and minutes requiring attention to time only, and for a longer part of
      the experimental session. Alteration of time estimation and results of a time
      experience inventory corresponded for endogenous depressives but not for
      neurotic/reactive depressives. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of
      affective state and subjective concentration effort on the over-estimations
      observed.

PMID- 3383924
TI  - Delusional disorder: jealous and nonjealous types.
AB  - We studied the records of 101 patients with delusional disorder admitted to the
      Psychiatric Hospital between 1920 and 1980 and divided the sample into those with
      jealous (43) and those with nonjealous (58) delusions. Patients and relatives
      were located by telephone and follow-up information was collected. Compared with
      the nonjealous patients, the jealous ones were more likely to have had a single
      delusion, and to have experienced a more benign course as indicated by a lower
      rate of hospitalization and outpatient treatment. The original delusion tended to
      remain and the illness did not develop into another form of delusional disorder
      or other psychiatric illness.

PMID- 3383925
TI  - Prognostic value of somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials in patients with a
      non-traumatic coma.
AB  - A total of 28 patients with non-traumatic coma were studied both with
      somatosensory- and motor-evoked potentials. While somatosensory-evoked potentials
      (SEP) have proved to be useful in predicting the outcome in patients with severe
      brain damage, the aim of this study was to find out whether the additional
      evaluation of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) could contribute to a better
      prediction of the outcome than SEP alone. Our results clearly indicate that in
      terms of prognostic value, SEP are superior to MEP. Nine patients with
      bilaterally preserved MEP died, while all of the patients with bilaterally
      preserved SEP and a central conduction time less than or equal to 6.5 ms
      survived, with a Glasgow outcome score of 1 to 3. Therefore, we cannot recommend
      the inclusion of MEP in the prognostic evaluation of patients with non-traumatic
      coma.

PMID- 3383926
TI  - Endotoxemia in patients who underwent ultrasonic lithotripsy and extracorporeal
      shock wave lithotripsy.
AB  - The authors conducted limulus tests of assay blood endotoxin in order to study
      the fever which often develops after ultrasonic lithotripsy (USL) and
      extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Assays of endotoxin were also
      conducted after transurethral resection (TUR) and other operations as a basis for
      comparison. Endotoxemia was observed in 18 among 28 patients (64.3%) who
      underwent USL, in 8 among 34 patients (23.5%) who underwent ESWL, in 1 among 14
      patients (7.1%) who underwent TUR and in 1 among 11 patients (9.1%) who underwent
      other operations. The incidence of endotoxemia was significantly higher (p less
      than 0.01 by chi 2 test) in patients who had undergone USL than in those who had
      undergone ESWL, TUR or other operations.

PMID- 3383927
TI  - Comparison of transurethral ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave
      lithotripsy for treatment of ureteral calculi.
AB  - Ureteral calculi were treated by transurethral uretereoscopy and extracorporeal
      shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and the results were compared. Rigid transurethral
      ureteroscopy was performed in 50 patients, and 10 of 22 stones located in the
      upper ureter and 25 of 29 stones located in the lower ureter were successfully
      extracted. On the other hand, we treated 88 patients with upper ureteral stones
      by ESWL and achieved a success rate of 89.8%. We therefore conclude that for
      upper ureteral stones, ESWL is the more effective treatment and, for lower
      ureteral stones, transurethral ureteroscopy.

PMID- 3383928
TI  - Experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children.
AB  - In 14 children, aged 2-14 years, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was
      performed for renal and ureteral calculi. In 12 out of 14 children, including 1
      patient with a staghorn calculus, complete stone clearance was achieved within
      the first 3 months following treatment representing 85%. No undue side effects or
      complications were encountered in this series.

PMID- 3383929
TI  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of proximal and distal ureteral stones.
AB  - Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was used for treatment of 105
      patients with ureteral stones. There were 77 stones in the upper part of the
      ureter, i.e. above the pelvic brim, and 28 in the lower part, i.e. below the
      sacroiliac joint. Successful fragmentation was attained in 101 (96%). In 93% of
      the patients with stones in the upper ureter and in 100% with stones in the lower
      ureter the fragments were eliminated completely. In 87% of the patients with
      stones in the upper ureter, a ureteral catheter was introduced under local
      anesthesia but without fluoroscopic control. It was thereby possible to remove
      30% of the stones from the ureter to the kidney. For the remaining stones, saline
      was infused through the catheter during ESWL. For patients with stones in the
      lower part of the ureter, a ureteral catheter was passed in 79% and saline
      infused during treatment. Whereas some form of anesthesia was used for treatment
      of all upper ureteral stones, 89% of the treatments for lower ureteral stones
      were performed without anesthesia. Auxiliary procedures after ESWL were limited
      to four ureteral catheter manipulations for distal stones. Four proximal stones
      which remained unaffected by ESWL had to be treated by open surgery (3 stones) or
      percutaneous surgery (1 stone). Of 82 ureteric stones treated in situ the success
      fragmentation rate was 95%. The average number of ESWL sessions was 1.04 for both
      proximal and distal ureteral stones.

PMID- 3383930
TI  - Radical pelvic surgery and radiation therapy in the management of localized
      carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - A total of 181 prostatic cancer patients under radiation monotherapy were tested
      for the therapeutic effect of pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLA). Sixty-seven belonging
      to the pN0 category formed a highly selective group and presented a 89% rate of 7
      year survival. Localized radiation therapy with pelvic irradiation (81 patients)
      with conventional exclusion of lymphogenic macrometastases in the probable
      presence of micrometastases produced equally good results. Extended pelvic
      irradiation in cases of conventionally verified regional lymphogenic
      macrometastases remained without therapeutic effect. The combination of PLA with
      pelvic irradiation, when regional metastases have already occurred (23 patients),
      may be suited for localizing the tumor process, since the survival rates showed
      no significant difference compared to those of the pN0 group. For that reason and
      also because of the difficulty in determining the N category accurately by
      conventional methods, it is recommended to perform PLA prior to radiation
      monotherapy.

PMID- 3383931
TI  - Penile-brachial pressure index as a guide for the dosage of intracavernous
      injection of papaverine.
AB  - From October 1985 to June 1986 we have treated 82 impotent patients. We related
      their penis-brachial pressure index (PBPI) with the dosage of papaverine
      necessary to obtain a full erection as measured by tumistore. We describe the
      technique and the relationship between the PBPI and the dose of papaverine
      necessary for the erection; in this way PBPI should be used as guide for the
      dosage of intracavernous papaverine injection.

PMID- 3383932
TI  - Correction of vesicoureteral reflux by the Gil-Vernet procedure.
AB  - Gil-Vernet antireflux procedure has been carried out for 22 refluxing renal units
      (14 patients), yielding a positive outcome in all, with disappearance of
      refluxing in 94% of the renal units with grade II, III and IV vesicoureteral
      reflux. The efficiency and simplicity of the technique is emphasized.

PMID- 3383934
TI  - Effect of high energy shock waves on human spermatozoa in vitro.
AB  - We investigated the effect of high energy shock waves on human spermatozoa in
      vitro. Human semen samples of proven motility, kept in polyethylene tubes, were
      subjected to shock waves (100, 500, and 1,000) using a HM3 Dornier lithotripter.
      A progressive decrease in the spermatozoa vitality was observed with increasing
      doses of shock waves. Spermatozoa decapitation became significant with increasing
      doses of shock waves. A progressive decrease in sperm motility was observed
      following exposure to shock waves, but these changes were not significant.

PMID- 3383933
TI  - Variable results of calcium blockade in post-ischaemic renal failure.
AB  - The effects of three chemically dissimilar calcium-blocking drugs were studied in
      experimental post-ischaemic renal failure, in the rat. After 45 min unilateral
      clamping and contralateral nephrectomy, post-ischaemic verapamil administration
      protected renal function (p less than 0.025), but flunarizine, either before or
      after ischaemia, was not beneficial. Following 60 min bilateral renal pedicle
      clamping, nifedipine administration was not beneficial. Verapamil was the only
      calcium-blocking drug which attenuated the post-ischaemic renal dysfunction.
      Calcium blockers which differ in their modes of action, differ in their ability
      to protect the kidney from ischaemia.

PMID- 3383935
TI  - Milk of calcium hydronephrosis.
AB  - There are very few reported cases of 'milk of renal calcium' since Holm's first
      presentation of this rare condition in 1948 [Rosenberg, J. Urol., 101: 714,
      1967]. We recently had the opportunity to study 2 more cases, which are described
      herein.

PMID- 3383936
TI  - Inverted papilloma of the ureter.
AB  - We report a case of inverted papilloma of the ureter. To date it is the 12th case
      documented. The lesion was treated by conservative surgery; negative controls
      following the excision for 5 years represent a further proof of the benign nature
      of these tumors.

PMID- 3383937
TI  - Microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis in ureteral injuries.
AB  - The application of microsurgery to repair the injured ureter using a double-layer
      end-to-end anastomosis is described and 2 cases are reported. The results in both
      cases are excellent.

PMID- 3383938
TI  - Pancreatic late recurrence of bilateral renal cell carcinoma after conservative
      surgery.
AB  - The appearance of solitary late metastases of renal cell carcinoma has seldom
      been documented. A female patient, who 13 years previously underwent left radical
      nephrectomy and right lower polar resection for bilateral simultaneous renal cell
      carcinoma, presented with a solitary pancreatic metastasis which was successfully
      treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. The major points of interest of this report
      are the occurrence of a primary bilateral tumor, the initial treatment with
      conservative surgery and the site of late recurrence. The diagnostic and
      prognostic implications of late metastases of renal tumors are discussed.

PMID- 3383939
TI  - Potential of colony-forming cell assays in the evaluation of ovarian cancer.

PMID- 3383940
TI  - Prevention and therapy of tumors with arotinoids.

PMID- 3383941
TI  - An immunochemical assay for natural IgM antibodies with an affinity to galactose
      and whose titer is reduced in the sera of cancer patients.
AB  - Normal sera contain an IgM fraction which binds to free galactosyl groups of
      agarose. This fraction causes complement-dependent lysis of Ehrlich ascites tumor
      cells (EATC). Cancer sera show a much reduced titer of this lytic activity. In
      this paper we describe an immunochemical assay for these galactophilins (GALF).
      Agarose columns were immunoabsorbent and bound proteins were detected by labeled
      antibody to human IgM. All 157 normal sera contained GALF. The serum GALF
      concentrations of normal sera were linearly correlated to the serum cytolytic
      titers. However, EATC absorbed only 15% of normal serum GALF. The titers in
      normal females are higher than in males. The titers in 147 nonmalignant chronic
      disease patients were lower than the normals only in women over 40 years of age.
      The sera of 138 cancer patients, taken before any therapy, were significantly
      lower than the corresponding normal or chronic disease controls.
      Lymphoproliferative neoplasms were associated with the lowest titers while
      melanoma sera showed normal titers. It is likely that GALF is bound to tumor
      associated antigens with free galactosyl groups. These are on the cell surface
      and/or are shed into the circulation. GALF titration may prove useful in
      following treatment efficacy in individual cancer patients.

PMID- 3383942
TI  - Estrogen receptor status and estradiol sensitivity of MCF-7 cells in exponential
      growth phase.
AB  - Proliferative patterns of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have been reported to
      influence their estrogen receptor (ER) contents. However, the experimental
      conditions under which these variations in ER contents were described differed
      from those commonly used for maintaining exponential growth. We, therefore,
      investigated whether or not MCF-7 receptor status also fluctuated under normal
      growth conditions. MCF-7 cells were cultured up to 4 days in 96-multiwell dishes.
      On each day, cell number was spectrophotometrically assessed after fixation and
      coloration of the cells with hematoxylin; corresponding ER content was measured
      by the Abbott enzyme immunoassay in KCl extracts. At the three plating densities
      tested (5, 10 and 20 x 10(3) cells/ml), an obvious parallel was found between the
      cell number and the ER content suggesting an unchanged receptor status throughout
      the culture period. Regression analysis confirmed this impression. Additional
      fractionation by SDS-PAGE of total MCF-7 proteins extracted at various times of
      the culture (up to 7 days in 35 mm Petri dishes) gave identical patterns
      suggesting that ER synthesis is regulated as the majority of proteins. Growth
      experiments indicated that this situation conferred a constant estrogenic
      sensitivity to the cells: 24 h exposure to 10(-8) M estradiol on either the 1st,
      2nd, 3rd or 4th day after plating resulted in the same increase in cell number.
      All these data indicated that ER contents of MCF-7 cells were maintained at a
      constant level under exponential growth which resulted in a constant estrogenic
      sensitivity.

PMID- 3383943
TI  - Effect of soybean feeding on experimental carcinogenesis--III. Carcinogenecity of
      nitrite and dibutylamine in mice: a histopathological study.
AB  - The potential carcinogenic effect of nitrosamine precursors, DBA (dibutylamine)
      and nitrite, was clearly demonstrated pathologically in the liver and bladder of
      male Swiss albino mice. Benign tumours were induced in the bladder with an
      incidence of 40%, and hepatomas were detected in the liver in 27% of the cases.
      The protective effect of soybean and ascorbic acid, added separately to the diet
      or to the drinking water respectively, was demonstrated by a marked reduction in
      dysplastic features and absence of tumour in both the liver and the urinary
      bladder.

PMID- 3383944
TI  - Phase II study of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) in patients with metastatic
      melanoma.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with measurable metastatic melanoma were treated with
      estramustine phosphate (12 mg/mg body wt) orally every day. Tumor biopsies were
      assessed for estrogen receptors (ER) in 14 patients and for estramustine binding
      sites (EMBS) in 13 patients. ER and EMBS were measured with isoelectric focusing
      in polyacrylamide gels. Three partial responses (PR) (12%) and three no changes
      (NC) (12%) according to WHO criteria were registered. In one patient with NC and
      in four patients with progressive disease (PD) the tumors were ER positive. EMBS
      was found in one patient with PR and in two patients with PD. Because of the low
      frequency of antitumor activity and the low number of patients with ER and/or
      EMBS the number of patients is too low for any correlation between tumor response
      and ER and/or EMBS status.

PMID- 3383945
TI  - High-dose ketoconazole to untreated stage D prostate cancer.
AB  - Eleven previously untreated patients with stage D prostate cancer were treated
      with ketoconazole in a dosage of 400 mg p.o. every 8 h. s-Testosterone was used
      as a measure of antiandrogen effect. Nine patients had a reduction in s
      testosterone to castrate levels (less than 2.9 nmol/l) within 3 days. In the
      remaining two patients, dose escalation of ketoconazole to 400 mg every 6 h did
      not lead to sufficient reduction in s-testosterone. Two patients had a complete
      response and four patients had a partial response of 6/11. Additionally, two
      patients had bone pain relief without normalization of acid phosphatase. Side
      effects and adverse reactions were prominent, causing discontinuation of the
      treatment in nine patients. It is concluded that high-dose ketoconazole is
      effective in disseminated prostate cancer, but the high frequency of side-effects
      makes it less attractive than conventional hormone manipulations like castration
      or estrogens.

PMID- 3383946
TI  - Adjuvant systemic treatment and the pattern of recurrences in patients with
      breast cancer.
AB  - The aim was to analyze the impact of adjuvant systemic treatment (AST) on the
      anatomical distribution, the number, and the temporal relationship of the first
      metastases in 635 patients (pts) with breast cancer. These patients participated
      in the prospective studies of AST of the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
      (DBCG) 77-program. All patients had primary high-risk breast cancer (i.e. node
      positive or local invasion or tumor size greater than 5 cm). The initial
      treatment was mastectomy with axillary sampling, followed by postoperative
      radiotherapy. The types of AST and the number of patients with recurrence were:
      chemotherapy (CT), 134 pts; levamisole (LEV), 96 pts; tamoxifen (TAM), 154 pts.
      The pattern of recurrence in these patients was compared with the pattern of
      recurrence in 251 pts who did not receive AST (controls). Although CT reduced the
      total number of metastatic sites (P = 0.04), the incidence of liver metastases
      was increased compared to untreated controls (P = 0.02). The median number of
      metastatic sites was equal in TAM- and LEV-treated pts compared to controls. The
      incidence of lung metastases was increased in TAM-treated pts (P = 0.03), and LEV
      treated pts had a decreased incidence of lymph node (P = 0.01) and pleural
      recurrences (P = 0.01) compared to controls. The results may suggest that
      mechanisms of clonal selection during the metastatic process involve differences
      in sensitivity to antineoplastic treatments of metastases at various anatomical
      locations.

PMID- 3383947
TI  - Breast cancer estrogen receptor assays: assessment of a direct hyperbolic fitting
      to analyse multipoint binding data.
AB  - Analysis of breast cancer estrogen receptor multipoint binding assay is performed
      by fitting experimental data to a hyperbolic model derived from the law of mass
      action. The calculations performed on a microcomputer are carried out from the
      total bound and free ligand concentrations. The parameters estimated by
      hyperbolic fitting, receptor concentration N and constant of dissociation K, well
      agree with those obtained by Scatchard's transformation. N and K derived from
      hyperbolic analysis are much less susceptible to the influence of experimental
      errors. The method is more reliable at low receptor concentrations. The main
      advantage of the hyperbolic fitting is to simplify the technical methodology in
      clinical laboratory practice; there is no need to determine the non-specific
      bindings experimentally. Calculations can be easily automated on any laboratory
      microcomputer. Assays of any kind of receptor could be analysed by the hyperbolic
      fitting when the physical-chemical equilibrium between receptor, nonsaturable
      component and ligand can be approximated by a two-component model.

PMID- 3383948
TI  - Undergraduate education about cancer: a survey in Australian medical schools.
AB  - The goals of undergraduate medical education are to provide a core of basic
      knowledge, and a framework to permit further development of that knowledge. The
      structure of teaching and experience in cancer medicine should reflect the
      increasing importance of cancer in the community. Undergraduate teaching of
      oncology and its scientific bases is currently fragmented, and in some cases may
      be deficient. Until now, there have few analyses of what is being taught about
      cancer at different medical schools. We have undertaken a survey of final year
      medical students or recently qualified doctors in Australia enquiring about their
      cancer education. The results indicated that substantial differences existed
      between the medical schools, and we therefore surveyed the teaching faculty in
      the schools to determine their view of the validity of the questions we used.
      Together these surveys showed that significant disparities existed between what
      the faculty felt should be taught and what students had actually experienced.

PMID- 3383949
TI  - Primary chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and prednisone in advanced breast
      carcinoma. A phase II study.
AB  - Thirty-seven evaluable patients with progressive disseminated breast carcinoma
      were treated with a combination of mitoxantrone 14 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks plus
      prednisone 20 mg/m2 p.o. daily with a reducing dose over several weeks. Thirteen
      of 37 patients (35%) achieved an objective response with two complete
      regressions. The median duration of response was 7 months and the median duration
      of survival 14 months. The cardiac function of all patients was monitored by
      serial left ventricular ejection fraction, at rest and after stress, and 3
      monthly thereafter. Ten patients showed a deterioration in the ejection fraction
      after a minimum cumulative dose of 86 mg/m2 (six cycles), but only four developed
      clinical cardiac failure which was easily reversible after stopping mitoxantrone.
      Leucopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. Nausea and/or vomiting were generally
      mild and transient. Alopecia was minimal. These results confirmed that this
      combination is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of disseminated
      breast carcinoma, and cardiotoxicity can be avoided with adequate monitoring of
      the left ventricular ejection fraction after six cycles of therapy (86 mg/m2).

PMID- 3383950
TI  - Comments on primary and adjuvant treatments of breast cancer.

PMID- 3383951
TI  - AIDS and related tumors.

PMID- 3383952
TI  - Vulvar pruritus after high-dose dexamethasone.

PMID- 3383953
TI  - Augmentation of colony formation of cultured cell lines by pleural effusion from
      patients with lung cancer.

PMID- 3383954
TI  - Post-carcinogen interval in carcinogenesis.

PMID- 3383955
TI  - Pilot studies on the effects of a phosphomolybdic tungstic acid compound (PTMC)
      on spontaneous malignant tumours in dogs.

PMID- 3383956
TI  - Emesis and cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 3383957
TI  - Hormone receptors and cancer.

PMID- 3383958
TI  - Role of intensive care unit in a medical oncology department.
AB  - Over a 4-year period, 912 patients were admitted to the ICU of the medical
      oncology service at the Institut Jules Bordet: 574 (63%) were admitted for
      medical emergencies and 338 (37%) for intensive treatment and/or monitoring. In
      the first group, the main causes of admission were hypercalcemia, thromboembolic
      disease, cardiac arhythmias, encephalopathies and pneumopathies. Overall
      mortality during the ICU stay was 23% (133/574). In the second group, patients
      were admitted primarily in order to receive, under optimal surveillance,
      anticancer treatment, either because they were at high risk of complications or
      because the approach was mainly investigational; several investigations, in the
      fields of supportive care and anticancer treatment, were successfully conducted
      within the ICU environment.

PMID- 3383960
TI  - Recent developments in prophylaxis and therapy of invasive fungal infections in
      granulocytopenic cancer patients.

PMID- 3383959
TI  - Pilot study of amphotericin B entrapped in sonicated liposomes in cancer patients
      with fungal infections.
AB  - A pilot study with amphotericin B incorporated in sonicated liposomes
      (ampholiposomes) made of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and stearylamine in
      a molar ratio 4:3:1 was performed in cancer patients with fungal infections.
      Fifteen patients received a total of 117 intravenous infusions of ampholiposomes.
      The total dose of amphotericin B administered per patient ranged from 20 to 1004
      mg (mean 472 mg). The number of infusions per patient varied from 1 to 20 (mean
      8) and the duration of treatment from 1 to 29 days (mean 10 days). Infusion of
      doses up to 1.8 mg/kg was well tolerated. None of the common side-effects of
      Fungizone, the colloidal suspension of amphotericin B, occurred; it was
      noteworthy that patients had no renal function impairment. Serum amphotericin B
      concentrations given as ampholiposomes were much higher than those obtained with
      Fungizone. With a daily treatment schedule, peak and trough serum amphotericin B
      concentrations, as measured by HPLC, were 10 to 20 micrograms/ml and 5 to 10
      micrograms/ml respectively; while they did not exceed 2 micrograms/ml and 1
      microgram/ml with Fungizone. Amphotericin B given as ampholiposomes had a
      prolonged serum beta half-life (25.3 +/- 16.0 h). Higher serum antifungal
      activity was observed with ampholiposomes as compared to Fungizone. We concluded
      that ampholiposomes have a better therapeutic index than Fungizone.

PMID- 3383961
TI  - Experimental rat model for human yolk sac tumor.
AB  - The morphological and biological characteristics of experimentally induced rat
      yolk sac carcinomas (ysca) are compared to those of human yolk sac tumors. It is
      shown that the rat ysca shares many morphological and biological properties with
      its human counterpart although the cellular origin is probably different. Whereas
      the human yolk sac tumors are believed to be of germ cell origin, the rat
      visceral yolk sac-derived tumors are not. The hypothesis is formulated that the
      rat ysca are derived from multipotential cells different from germ cells, and
      which originate in the extra-embryonic membrane after displacement.

PMID- 3383962
TI  - Preclinical phase II studies in human tumor lines: a European multicenter study.
AB  - In an attempt to increase the predictability and to extend the differential
      capacity of the anticancer drug development program the American National Cancer
      Institute has recently proposed the introduction of a screening system consisting
      of human tumor cell lines to select drugs in a disease-oriented fashion rather
      than by the previously applied drug-oriented strategy. Although this new approach
      offers great advantages, assay limitations can be identified in testing unknown
      compounds for antitumor activity in vitro. Human tumor xenografts grown in nude
      mice may play an additional role in the prediction of clinical activity and the
      assessment of the spectrum of activity of potential anticancer drugs, because
      they have a better relationship with the clinical situation of cancer treatment.
      In a European multicenter collaboration it has been proposed to use panels of
      human tumor lines from solid tumor types to study: the antitumor activity of
      three different drugs per tumor type; the reliability of 'preclinical' phase II
      studies by comparison of the obtained data with results of phase II clinical
      trials; the feasibility of this joint project, such as the methodology, the
      reproducibility of experimental data and the introduction of uniform activity
      criteria. If preclinical phase II studies in human tumor lines generate reliable
      results, this in vivo screening system will create a unique possibility to better
      identify promising clinical candidate compounds or analogs of conventional
      cytostatic agents as well as those tumor types likely to respond to the selected
      investigational drugs.

PMID- 3383963
TI  - Mathematical models to predict behaviour of tumours?
AB  - Mathematical modeling is an important tool in science that allows the
      investigator to examine phenomena that are not easily studied by direct
      experiment. The growth of neoplasms and their response to treatment are processes
      that appear particularly well suited for study by this approach. The ready
      availability of inexpensive powerful microcomputers and sophisticated software
      makes this research avenue open to all experimental and clinical oncologists.

PMID- 3383964
TI  - Apocrine cells in breast cyst fluid and their relationship to cyst type: a
      morphometric study.
AB  - The morphology of apocrine cells exfoliated in breast cyst fluid (BCF) was
      studied in 78 BCF samples obtained from 39 premenopausal patients with gross
      cystic disease who were bearing two simultaneously aspirated cysts. 57/78 samples
      showed cell clusters suitable for computer-assisted cytometry. This was performed
      on 5820 cells using a Leitz Texture Analysis System (TAS). We measured the
      surface areas of cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus; we also calculated the
      nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C), nuclear/nucleolar (N/n) ratios and the nuclear
      roundness factor (RF). Cysts were divided according to the cationic pattern of
      BCF: Type I, K+/Na+ greater than 1.5; Type II, K+/Na+ less than 0.66. The
      cytometric analysis was made on 47 samples of Type I and 10 samples of Type II.
      At the light microscope, no difference was apparent between the apocrine cells
      coming from Type I or Type II cysts. Cytometric measurements showed significant
      differences for the apocrine cells aspirated from Type I vs. Type II cysts for
      the mean cytoplasmic area (97.13 +/- 24.28 S.D. mu2 vs. 59.66 +/- 14.90 S.D. mu2,
      respectively) and the mean nucleolar area (4.35 +/- 0.99 S.D. mu2 vs. 2.75 +/-
      0.71 S.D. mu2, respectively). Our data do not allow the inference of apocrine
      changes in the epithelium lining the cysts simply from the cationic pattern of
      BCF. The significantly wider cytoplasm and nucleoli of the apocrine cells
      aspirated from Type I cysts could reflect different functional stages of these
      particular cells.

PMID- 3383965
TI  - Relationships between polyamine, deoxyribonucleic acid and oestrogen receptor
      binding site concentrations in human breast tumours.
AB  - Concentrations of polyamines, DNA and oestrogen receptor (ER) binding sites have
      been estimated in 23 malignant and 2 benign breast tumours. Polyamine and DNA
      concentrations, expressed per unit wet weight of tissue, were significantly
      higher in ER-poor (less than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein) than in ER-rich tumours.
      Spermidine/spermine ratios were similar in ER-poor and ER-rich tumours. There was
      a relationship between polyamine and DNA levels and when polyamine concentrations
      were expressed per unit weight of DNA those in ER-poor tumours did not differ
      from those in ER-rich tumours. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

PMID- 3383966
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of free and total platinum species after rapid and prolonged
      infusions of aqua (1,1-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane) sulfatoplatinum (II)
      (spiroplatin) during a phase I trial.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of the second generation platinum complex aqua(1,1-bis
      (aminomethyl)cyclohexane)sulphatoplatinum(II) (spiroplatin, TNO-6) were studied
      during a phase I evaluation. Thirty patients received 49 cycles of spiroplatin by
      short term (less than or equal to 10-min), 1-, 3- or 6-h infusion. Dosages given
      ranged from 5 to 40 mg/m2. Platinum determinations were performed by atomic
      absorption spectrometry. Up to 5 days after administration platinum
      concentrations in plasma decayed triexponentially. Pharmacokinetic parameters of
      total platinum in plasma after short-term and prolonged infusion were similar in
      terms of terminal half-life (3.7 +/- 1.1 and 3.6 +/- 0.5 days), AUC/dose (548 +/-
      106 and 616 +/- 278 min.m2/l), volume of distribution (20 +/- 6 and 27 +/- 81)
      and total body clearance (2.9 +/- 1.0 and 3.4 +/- 1.8 ml/min), whereas peak
      plasma concentrations were two times lower after prolonged infusion. The
      cumulative urinary platinum excretion after short-term infusion was 20 +/- 6%, 30
      +/- 6% and 47 +/- 7% of the administered dose after 6, 24 and 120 h,
      respectively. These values are comparable to those after administration of
      cisplatin. The half-life of ultrafilterable platinum was 4.4 +/- 0.7 min. The
      curves of free and total platinum diverged rapidly, reflecting the high
      reactivity of spiroplatin towards plasma proteins. This high reactivity, most
      likely caused by the abundant presence of aquated compounds in the injection
      fluid, may also account for severe and unpredictable nephrotoxicity induced by
      spiroplatin.

PMID- 3383968
TI  - Orosomucoid:prealbumin ratio--a marker of the host-tumor relationship in head and
      neck cancer.
AB  - The OPR was studied in 203 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and
      neck at the time of diagnosis, before any specific treatment. The mean initial
      OPR value was significantly higher in cancer patients than in 63 healthy
      controls: 5.29 +/- 3.09 vs. 2.63 +/- 1.07; P less than 0.001. There was no
      significant difference by anatomic site, but the OPR was significantly lower in
      stage I-II disease than in stage III-IV: 5.10 +/- 3.85 vs. 3.23 +/- 1.99, P less
      than 0.001. An initial OPR under or over 6 seems to be an important prognostic
      factor: at 2 years, 51% of patients with an OPR less than 6 were alive vs. only
      24.5% of those with an OPR greater than 6, P less than 0.001. The difference was
      also noted in patients with stage III-IV disease (mean survival: 16 months vs. 7
      months, P less than 0.001) and in 89 of the patients who received chemotherapy
      (mean survival 16 months vs. 6 months, P less than 0.001) whatever the response
      to chemotherapy. The OPR index, which explores nutritional and acute phase
      reactant proteins, seems to reflect the host-tumor relationship. Its initial
      value is strongly related to prognosis at 2 years.

PMID- 3383967
TI  - Cytophotometric DNA analysis of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma induced in
      rats by N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine.
AB  - A series of esophageal lesions, mild, moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in
      situ (CIS), early and advanced squamous cell carcinoma were induced in rats with
      N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine (MAN). To evaluate the biological nature of each
      lesion, the ploidy level was estimated by microspectrophotometrical measurement
      of cell nuclear DNA content. DNA distribution patterns were classified into types
      I, II, III and IV, according to the degree of dispersion and the peak modal value
      on the DNA histogram. The incidences of type III of high ploidy in early cancer,
      CIS and severe dysplasia were 3/11 (27.3%), 5/13 (33.3%) and 4/16 (25%),
      respectively. On the other hand, in moderate and mild dysplasia, 15/16 (93.8%)
      and 20/21 (95.2%) were low ploidy (types I and II), respectively. The mean DNA
      content of advanced and early cancer, CIS and severe dysplasia were 3.88c, 3.34c,
      3.24c and 3.13c, respectively, while those of moderate and mild dysplasia were
      near diploid, showing 2.67c and 2.51c, respectively. These findings indicate that
      the biological nature of severe dysplasia may be considered as serious a lesion
      as cancer, in terms of DNA analysis. Cytophotometric DNA analysis aids the
      evaluation of various degrees of dysplasia and carcinoma of the esophagus.

PMID- 3383969
TI  - In vivo cellular adriamycin concentrations related to growth inhibition of normal
      and leukemic human bone marrow cells.
AB  - Inhibition of clonogenicity of normal and leukemic human hematopoietic progenitor
      cells was studied after in vivo and in vitro exposure of bone marrow to
      adriamycin (ADM). Flow cytometric determination of cellular ADM concentrations in
      blast cells, expressed in fluorescence units/cell (FU/cell), correlated well with
      the extent of cytotoxicity. After 2 h in vitro exposure to 500 ng ADM/ml, the ADM
      concentration of leukemic (n = 7) and normal (n = 4) bone marrow blast cells
      amounted to 231 +/- 180 and 249 +/- 53 FU/cell respectively, producing moderate
      decreases in clonogenicity by 44 +/- 30 and 54 +/- 27%. Exposure to 2000 ng/ml
      produced ADM concentrations of 1184 +/- 472 FU/cell for leukemic blast cells and
      1024 +/- 281 FU/cell for normal blast cells. Inhibition of clonogenicity was 96
      +/- 7% in leukemic blasts and 99 +/- 1% in normal blasts. In vivo ADM
      concentrations in leukemic blast cells at 1-2 h after administration were 216 +/-
      98 FU/cell (n = 8 patients). This implies that inhibition of clonogenicity after
      administration of conventional dosages of ADM will be approx. 60-70% for both
      leukemic and normal bone marrow progenitor cells. Such values were noted in four
      patients of whom bone marrow was cultured, which was obtained shortly after ADM
      monotherapy.

PMID- 3383970
TI  - Quantifying the carcinogenicity of antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - It has been well established that many of the drugs used in cancer therapy are
      themselves potentially carcinogenic. It is therefore important to quantify the
      carcinogenic risk associated with specific agents, and to investigate ways of
      predicting their risk from animal and in vitro studies. In this paper, an index
      of carcinogenic potency is defined, and applied to published data on acute non
      lymphocytic leukemia following therapy with cytotoxic drugs used as single
      agents. Carcinogenic potency estimates for rats and mice are also obtained for 15
      antineoplastic drugs, and the potency correlation between humans and rodents is
      examined for the five agents for which there are data in common. The broader
      implications for quantitative cancer risk prediction are discussed.

PMID- 3383971
TI  - Chemoresistance is not a cause of the apparent failure of adjuvant chemotherapy
      in postmenopausal women.
AB  - Chemotherapeutic regimens used for the adjuvant treatment of breast carcinoma are
      less effective when applied to postmenopausal women than when applied to
      premenopausal women. Differences in growth fraction or altered chemosensitivity
      of tumors are potential causes of the differential effects of chemotherapy in
      younger and older patients. We have attempted to identify the presence of these
      putative causes by measuring size of clonogenic cell fraction and drug
      sensitivity of progenitor cells on the tumors from pre- and postmenopausal women.
      We found that the chemosensitivity of tumors was similar for patients of all
      ages. We further observed that the clonogenic cell fraction of tumors from women
      older than 65 years tended to be smaller compared to those of all other patients,
      while the hormone-sensitivity of tumors from these patients was higher. Our
      observations thus suggest that drug resistance related to inherent metabolic
      characteristics of tumor cells may not be a major contributing cause of failure
      of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of postmenopausal women.

PMID- 3383973
TI  - Combination of interferon and prednisone in human cancer.

PMID- 3383972
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with primary breast cancer;
      relation to drug-induced amenorrhoea, age and the progesterone receptor status of
      the tumour.
AB  - Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate
      (CMF)-induced permanent ovarian suppression in 47 of 77 (61%) premenopausal
      patients with axillary node positive breast cancer. After a median observation
      time of 37 months the relapse-free and overall survival times were significantly
      longer for patients with permanent amenorrhoea. A strongly positive correlation
      between CMF-induced amenorrhoea and age of the patients, as well as between age
      and the tumour PgR status, was found. The induction of ovarian suppression
      predominantly occurs in patients with PgR positive tumours and may add an
      endocrine effect to the cytotoxic action of adjuvant chemotherapy in this
      particular group of older premenopausal women.

PMID- 3383974
TI  - Phase II study of the antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB 3717) in
      advanced breast cancer.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with progressive advanced breast cancer were treated with the
      novel antifolate CB 3717 (N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazofolic acid) which inhibits
      thymidylate synthetase. Forty-six patients were pretreated with hormones, 43 with
      cytotoxic chemotherapy and 39 patients with both treatments. Eight of 48 patients
      (16.6%) evaluable for response had partial responses (confidence limits 7.4
      30.2%, 95% confidence level) following CB 3717 administration. Liver function
      abnormalities, reversible in most cases, were the most commonest toxicities and
      were frequently accompanied by malaise. Severe renal failure occurred in eight
      patients, five of whom had had partial responses to CB 3717. This study shows the
      importance of thymidylate synthetase as a target for therapy but the clinical
      value of CB 3717 is limited by its hepatic and renal toxicities.

PMID- 3383975
TI  - Effect of perioperative blood loss and perioperative blood transfusions on
      colorectal cancer survival.
AB  - Results of various studies suggest that the perioperative administration of blood
      transfusions in cancer patients operated upon for cure is associated with a
      diminished patient survival. Furthermore, recent results from our laboratory
      indicate that blood loss may also be capable of promoting tumor growth. In order
      to elucidate these findings a retrospective study was initiated towards the
      survival of 164 patients with colorectal carcinoma, operated upon for cure, at
      the University Hospital, Rotterdam. In 117 patients who perioperatively received
      blood transfusions the 5-year survival was 68%, as compared to 80% in the non
      transfusion group (P = 0.039; Wilcoxon). The 5-year survival in the group of
      patients with a perioperative blood loss exceeding 500 ml (n = 88) was 70%, as
      compared to 73% in the group with a blood loss of 500 ml or less (not
      significant). Multivariate analysis, adjusting for 11 relevant parameters, showed
      that only tumor stage and the administration of blood transfusions were
      significantly associated with a decrease in survival. It is concluded that
      perioperative blood transfusions adversely affect colorectal carcinoma survival
      in this group of patients. Perioperative blood loss was not a significant
      prognostic factor.

PMID- 3383976
TI  - 5-Fluorouracil, doxorubicin and mitomycin C (FAM) combination chemotherapy for
      metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary.
AB  - The prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (ACUP) is
      dismal. Various chemotherapy regimens have yielded disappointing response rates
      and survival. Based on a promising report of Goldberg et al. (J Clin Oncol 1986,
      4, 395-399) we performed a phase II study with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and
      mitomycin C (FAM). Only three out of 22 evaluable patients achieved a partial
      response (14%) for a duration of 22, 30 and 74+ weeks. Median survival was 54+
      weeks (range 35-74+ weeks) for responding patients and 33+ weeks (range 9-74+
      weeks) for all treated patients. One patient (5%) developed mitomycin C induced
      hemolytic uremic syndrome. FAM cannot be recommended for routine use in patients
      with ACUP.

PMID- 3383977
TI  - Phase I study of the antifolate N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid, CB 3717.
AB  - The thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor CB 3717 was administered intravenously to
      24 adult patients as a single bolus repeated every 3-4 weeks. The doses were
      escalated from 50 to 400 mg/m2. At the highest level, hydration and urinary
      alkalinization were routinely performed. A greater than 20% decrease of the
      creatinine clearance value occurred in 35% of the cycles performed at 400 mg/m2,
      a dose which could be recommended for phase II studies. Hepatic toxicity,
      represented by an increase of the glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) plasma
      levels, occurred in 70% of the patients after the first cycle. GPT peak levels
      were neither related to the dose nor to the peak drug plasma concentrations or
      AUC values in the dose range from 225 to 400 mg/m2. Malaise, reported after 46%
      of the cycles, was the most disturbing side-effect and its occurrence was
      statistically correlated with the degree of elevation of GPT. A suggestion of
      antitumor activity was reported for dosages of 300 and 400 mg/m2 in three
      patients with ovarian cancer refractory to cisplatin. Further clinical
      evaluations of TS inhibitors rely on the development of more water soluble and
      less hepato- and nephrotoxic agents.

PMID- 3383978
TI  - Growth and chemotherapy of a human germ-cell tumour line (GCT 27).
AB  - The human germ-cell tumour cell line GCT 27 growing as subcutaneous xenograft
      tumours in male nude mice was used in the 4th and 5th passage to study
      chemotherapeutic drug responses. Recipient mice received 5 Gy whole body
      irradiation immediately before tumour transplantation. The median take rate was
      62% (range 39-73%) and the median volume doubling time 14 days (range 7-28 days).
      For bleomycin, cisplatin and carboplatin a clear dose response for growth delay
      was observed. Bleomycin caused substantial weight loss at doses above 75 mg/kg
      whereas good response to cisplatin was obtained without serious toxic effects.
      Vinblastine and etoposide exerted no effect when given in non-toxic doses. The
      response to etoposide was not improved either by fractionated treatment or by
      combination with verapamil. However, the combination of 20 mg/kg etoposide and 2
      mg/kg cisplatin, which when given alone were ineffective, led to a growth delay
      that was equal to that observed following the administration of higher cisplatin
      doses. This effect may be explained by the fact that etoposide, as an inhibitor
      of DNA-topoisomerase II, may interfere with the repair of DNA interstrand cross
      links caused by cisplatin.

PMID- 3383979
TI  - Treatment of advanced malignant melanoma with interferon alpha and etretinate.
AB  - The combination of recombinant human interferon alpha A 9 MU daily
      intramuscularly and etretinate 50 mg daily orally was given to 25 patients with
      progressive advanced, metastatic melanoma. The treatment was well tolerated.
      Partial responses were seen in three (12%) patients lasting from 2 to 8 months. A
      further partial response was seen in one of three patients when they were given
      vindesine and DTIC whilst they continued receiving interferon and etretinate.

PMID- 3383980
TI  - Attitudes towards detection and management of hepatic metastases in the Western
      world.
AB  - In order to obtain insight in attitudes towards detection and management of
      hepatic metastases of colorectal origin, a questionnaire was sent to hospitals in
      13 Western countries. Response rate was 98.0% (n = 284). In almost all hospitals
      (98%) some method of follow-up was employed. Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA)
      determinations were performed in 84% of all hospitals: most frequently in Germany
      and the U.S.A., but only in 50% of the British hospitals. Hepatic resection for
      liver metastases was performed in 95% of all hospitals. Resectability criteria
      varied considerably among the countries. In the majority of German and American
      hospitals multiple hepatic metastases were considered resectable (including
      bilobar disease in 58% of German hospitals). In the majority of British and Dutch
      hospitals only solitary metastases were considered resectable, or liver
      resections were not performed at all. The mean reported number of liver
      resections annually per hospital, reflecting these attitudes, was 11.2 and 7.2
      for German and American hospitals, and 2.1 and 1.8 for British and Dutch
      hospitals respectively. When irresectable hepatic metastases were diagnosed, some
      form of chemotherapy was applied in 74% of hospitals. Hepatic artery infusion of
      chemotherapeutics was performed most frequently. The mean reported number of
      medically treated patients annually per hospital was 34 for Germany, 18 for the
      U.S.A., and 12 and 9 for Great Britain and the Netherlands respectively. Adjuvant
      chemotherapy was performed after liver resection in 30% of all hospitals, most
      frequently in German and American hospitals. Considerable disparity was observed
      in attitudes towards detection and in management of hepatic metastases among
      Western countries. On the basis of the reported 1421 liver resections and 3590
      medically treated patients (annually) it is concluded that selection of the best
      detection and treatment policies is obviously hampered by insufficient clinical
      data and inconclusive evidence of purported optimal approach. To determine the
      optimal policy useful information can only be provided by inclusion of patients
      in prospective randomized trials.

PMID- 3383981
TI  - Ifosfamide in advanced head and neck cancer. A phase II study of the Rotterdam
      Cooperative Head and Neck Cancer Study Group.

PMID- 3383982
TI  - Etoposide (VP16-213) in the treatment of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID- 3383983
TI  - The use of diamox in the sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil therapy of
      advanced gastrointestinal cancer.

PMID- 3383984
TI  - Stimulation by caffeine of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in mice.

PMID- 3383986
TI  - Effect of methotrexate on the pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of cisplatin.
AB  - The kinetics of platinum in plasma and erythrocytes, and its renal excretion,
      have been examined in five patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung,
      after treatment with cisplatin 50 mg/m2 (Platidiame) and, three weeks later, a
      combination of 50 mg/m2 cisplatin and 40 mg/m2 methotrexate. The patients were
      given 0.9% saline 1 l 1 h prior to drug application. Plasma platinum elimination
      was biphasic with a short initial phase (t1/2 alpha 10-31 min) and a long beta
      phase (t1/2 beta 65-91 h). With the exception of increased AUC values in all five
      patients 0-8 h after the injection, no significant change in the kinetics of
      platinum in plasma was found after coadministration of methotrexate. In four of
      the five patients renal platinum excretion was reduced in the first 6 h after
      administration of methotrexate. The renal clearance of platinum was 50% lower in
      those four patients 0-3 h after the injection. With the exception of one patient,
      no signs of nephrotoxicity were observed after combined drug administration.
      Other toxic effects were mild and showed no increase after the initial
      administration of methotrexate.

PMID- 3383985
TI  - Magnesium pyridoxal 5-phosphate glutamate reduces hyperlipidaemia in patients
      with chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - Chronic renal insufficiency is often accompanied by hyperlipidaemia and
      subsequent coronary heart disease. Two groups of 15 patients with serum
      creatinine greater than 2 mg/100 ml and serum cholesterol less than 250 mg/100 ml
      were given 3 x 50 mg magnesium pyridoxal 5-phosphate glutamate (MPPG) or placebo
      for 12 weeks in a double-blind, randomised study. Total cholesterol in the MPPG
      group (282.4 mg.100 ml-1) was lower than in the placebo group (354.3 mg.100 ml-1)
      after 12 weeks of treatment. Triglycerides in the MPPG group were 265.1 mg.100 ml
      1 compared to 361.9 mg.100 ml-1. After 12 weeks on MPPG the LDL/HDL ratio of 3.56
      was lower than in the placebo group-6.83. Side effects in the MPPG group were
      similar to those in the placebo group. Thus, MPPG was an effective
      antihyperlipidaemic agent in patients with renal insufficiency.

PMID- 3383987
TI  - Effect of probenecid on the elimination and protein binding of ceftriaxone.
AB  - The kinetics and binding parameters of ceftriaxone have been characterized in
      eight normal subjects who received, in sequence, 1.0 g ceftriaxone and 1.0 g
      ceftriaxone together with 250 and 500 mg probenecid q.i.d. Probenecid increased
      the total systemic clearance (CLTS) from 0.244 to 0.312 ml/min/kg, whereas the
      terminal half-life (t1/2T (beta)) fell from 8.1 to 6.5 h. In contrast, the renal
      clearance of free ceftriaxone (CLFR) was decreased from 2.09 to 1.67 ml/min/kg,
      confirming a small but significant contribution of tubular secretion to the renal
      elimination of ceftriaxone. The final value of CLFR was attained with the lower
      dose probenecid, whereas the non-renal clearance of free ceftriaxone (CLFNR) fell
      progressively from 2.78 to 1.90 ml/min/kg with the increasing probenecid dose.
      The total decrease in the systemic clearance of free ceftriaxone (CLFS) after the
      higher dose of probenecid was about 30% (4.87 to 3.57 ml/min/kg). As a
      consequence of a decreased affinity constant (KA), the average free fraction in
      plasma (f) was increased by 54% after the low dose and by 74% after the high dose
      of probenecid. The protein binding interaction between probenecid and ceftriaxone
      appears to be unique. The results are of limited clinical consequence for
      ceftriaxone but they emphasise the importance of evaluating the kinetics of the
      free drug when examining interactions involving probenecid.

PMID- 3383989
TI  - Influence of digestive secretions and food on intestinal absorption of
      nicardipine.
AB  - The role of digestive absorption in the pharmacokinetics of nicardipine has been
      studied by the perfusion technique. Nicardipine (40 mg) was perfused in six
      healthy subjects at 5 ml/min for 2 h either in isotonic saline with (Experiment
      A) or without (B) an occlusive balloon isolating the test segment from digestive
      secretions, or in a nutrient solution (Experiment C). In Experiments A and B,
      100% of nicardipine was absorbed from the jejunal lumen in a 25 cm test segment
      and in Experiment C it was slightly lower (94%). There was no relationship
      between the absorption of nicardipine and water movement or bile salt
      concentration in the jejunum. Nicardipine was already present in the first plasma
      sample taken after 15 min and the peak level was found at the end of the
      perfusion. The areas under the curves differed widely between subjects, because
      of interindividual variation in the first pass effect, but they were similar in
      Experiments A, B and C. The experimental data showed a good fit to a mode
      involving a two-phase absorption process. The first phase was associated with
      intestinal perfusion (zero order process) and the second with passage across the
      intestinal wall (1st order process). In three further healthy subjects,
      nicardipine in saline was perfused in the jejunum and then in the ileum on
      consecutive days. Mean plasma levels over time were similar. The study showed
      that absorption of nicardipine both from the jejunum and the ileum was complete
      and was especially rapid. The food-induced change in the kinetics of absorption
      from the jejunum was too small to affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of
      nicardipine.

PMID- 3383988
TI  - Selective inhibition of drug oxidation after simultaneous administration of two
      probe drugs, antipyrine and tolbutamide.
AB  - The effects of sulphaphenazole, cimetidine and primaquine on the disposition of
      antipyrine and tolbutamide in healthy volunteers have been investigated. The
      model substrates were administered simultaneously in order more clearly to define
      any selective effects of the potential inhibitors. Sulphaphenazole produced a
      significant increase in the half-life of tolbutamide (7.10 to 21.50 h) and a
      corresponding decrease in its clearance (0.260 to 0.084 ml.min-1.kg-1). Clearance
      to hydroxytolbutamide (OHTOL) and carboxytolbutamide (COOHTOL) was also
      significantly decreased. In contrast, sulphaphenazole had no effect on the
      disposition of antipyrine. Administration of cimetidine did not significantly
      alter the disposition of either model drug. However, a 1.6-times higher dose of
      cimetidine did increase the half lives both of tolbutamide and antipyrine (6.21
      to 9.04 h and 14.2 to 19.2 h, respectively) and decrease their clearance (0.226
      to 0.148 and 0.50 to 0.31 ml.min-1 kg-1, respectively). Clearance to OHTOL and
      hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) was reduced. A single dose of primaquine had no
      demonstrable effect on tolbutamide disposition whereas the half-life of
      antipyrine was increased (12.1 to 15.0 h) and its clearance decreased (0.63 to
      0.38 ml.min-1.kg-1). The partial clearance to HMA, 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA) and
      norantipyrine (NORA) was also significantly reduced. The two main inferences are
      first, that tolbutamide and antipyrine are metabolised by different forms of
      cytochrome P-450, and second that a battery of model substrates is needed to
      investigate the inhibitory effects of a drug in man.

PMID- 3383990
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propafenone during acute and chronic
      administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of propafenone and 5-OH-propafenone and their relationship
      with the antiarrhythmic action and side effects have been studied in 10 patients
      with stable, frequent, premature ventricular beats (224-928 premature ventricular
      complexes/h). Observations were made after a single dose of propafenone 300 mg
      p.o., and after 1 and 3 months (only 5 out of 10 patients) of therapy with 300 mg
      t.d.s. After 1 month of treatment the plasma elimination half-life of propafenone
      (6.7 h) was almost twice as long as after a single dose (3.5 h), and the area
      under the plasma propafenone concentration-time curve (7620 ng.ml-1.h) was
      significantly larger than after single dose (3522 ng.ml-1.h); this was also true
      for the metabolite. The ratio of the AUCs of 5-OH-propafenone and propafenone
      decreased from the single dose (0.63) to 1 month (0.32). These variables remained
      stable up to 3 months. Eight patients had greater than or equal to 75% reduction
      of premature ventricular complexes after 3 days of therapy, and in 7 they were
      completely suppressed; the response was maintained over 1 to 3 months. Side
      effects were minor and in no case had the drug to be withdrawn or the dose
      reduced. Thus, the kinetics of propafenone were time-dependent. Its active
      metabolite did not accumulate greatly during chronic treatment. The lasting
      antiarrhythmic effect observed in some patients suggests a b.d.s. regimen instead
      of t.d.s. dosing in selected patients.

PMID- 3383991
TI  - The effects of perhexiline maleate on low density lipoprotein processing and
      cholesterol metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts.
AB  - The effects of perhexiline maleate (PM, Pexid) on low density lipoprotein (LDL)
      processing and cholesterol metabolism were investigated after a 24 h pretreatment
      with the drug. Perhexiline maleate increased LDL uptake in the range 10(-6) to
      10(-5) M (180% of control for 10(-5) M), whereas LDL binding and degradation were
      not affected. Sterol synthesis from sodium acetate was enhanced by perhexiline
      maleate (X 2.2 for 10(-5) M), while cholesterol esterification with oleic acid
      was decreased (40% of control for 10(-5) M). These effects of perhexiline on
      cholesterol metabolism are specific, since the synthesis of triacylglycerols from
      sodium acetate is not affected and since the incorporation of oleic acid into
      triacylglycerols is much less impaired. The decreased cholesterol esterification
      is accompanied by a reduction of acylcoenzyme A-cholesterol-O-acyltransferase
      (ACAT) activity measured in vitro on cell extracts.

PMID- 3383992
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of nisoldipine in renal dysfunction.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of nisoldipine have been studied after oral administration
      of one 10 mg tablet to 3 groups of patients: Group A (n = 8) with a mean
      creatinine of 90 ml/min, Group B (n = 8) with a mean creatinine clearance of 12
      ml/min and Group C of 12 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. All of them were
      studied off-dialysis and 7 were also studied on a dialysis day. No significant
      differences were observed between Groups A, B and C (on an interdialysis day) in
      AUC (0-7h), tmax, Cmax and plasma protein binding. Unchanged nisoldipine could
      not be recovered from the urine in any patient. Haemodialysis did not
      significantly affect AUC, tmax and Cmax, and nisoldipine could not be detected in
      the dialysate. The results indicate that the dose of nisoldipine need not be
      changed in patients with renal dysfunction, and that a supplementary dose is not
      required after haemodialysis. Blood pressure in the uraemics fell more than in
      the patients with good renal function.

PMID- 3383993
TI  - Lack of effect of a single-dose of sulglicotide on the bioavailability of
      diclofenac.
AB  - The bioavailability of diclofenac (D) was assessed in 12 healthy volunteers
      treated orally with single doses of 100 mg (retard formulation) and subsequently
      retreated with the same dose of (D) plus sulglicotide (S) 200 mg. (D) blood
      levels were measured by GLC in samples collected after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h.
      No relevant difference was seen in (D) bioavailability after (S) administration;
      after 8 h plasma levels of (D) were slightly higher after (S) (p less than 0.05),
      but this difference can be considered incidental only. Thus, sulglicotide does
      not interfere with the bioavailability of diclofenac, and can be administered
      concurrently with the latter to prevent possible gastric injury by the
      antiinflammatory drug.

PMID- 3383994
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and safety of l-carnitine infused i.v. in healthy subjects.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and safety of a brief i.v. infusion of l-carnitine 0, 20, 40
      and 60 mg/kg have been investigated in 10 healthy subjects. The diurnal
      intraindividual variability of plasma carnitine was small (C. V. = 3.0, 3.9 and
      3.9%, respectively), and the total 24 h excretion in urine was also small and
      relatively constant: 4.6, 21.5 and 13.0 mg/day in the controls vs 4.6, 20.2 and
      6.0 mg/day during treatment in the three subjects to whom saline alone was
      administered according to a single-blind design. Therefore, the pre-dose level of
      carnitine was subtracted from the level after dosing for the pharmacokinetic
      analysis. Plasma carnitine fitted well to a three-compartment open model, with Vc
      of 0.11-0.20 l/kg and a t1/2 gamma of 10-23 h. The urine recovery in 24 h was
      77.2-95.4%. There were no objective or subjective side-effects attributable to
      carnitine, so its i.v. infusion is considered to be safe.

PMID- 3383995
TI  - Effect of ascariasis and its treatment on drug absorption.
AB  - Ascariasis has been reported to impair the absorption of nutrients, vitamin A,
      and D-xylose, which is corrected on treatment. The effect of ascariasis and its
      treatment on the absorption of sulphadimidine and isoniazid has been
      investigated. There was no difference between drug absorption before and after
      the treatment or in comparison with a normal population.

PMID- 3383996
TI  - Estimation of binding parameters by kinetic data analysis: differentiation
      between one and two binding sites.
AB  - A method that enables the discrimination between binding models and the
      estimation of binding parameters, based solely on kinetic data, is described.
      Experimental data from association and dissociation experiments were fitted
      simultaneously to models with mono- or biphasic kinetics with the aid of a non
      linear maximum likelihood computer program. Discrimination between two models can
      be performed statistically. The protocol was used to study the binding of the
      antitussive [3H]noscapine to guinea pig brain homogenate. Two binding processes
      could be discriminated by their kinetics, despite the fact that [3H]noscapine
      apparently binds to one homogeneous population of binding sites in equilibrium
      binding experiments. This method might find general application when two
      populations of binding sites are suspected from kinetic data, but when selective
      ligands are lacking. Since parameter estimates are obtained independent of
      equilibrium binding data, our approach could also serve as an independent control
      of such experiments, with respect to both Kd and Bmax.

PMID- 3383997
TI  - The effect of the selective PAF antagonist BN 52021 on PAF- and antigen-induced
      bronchial hyper-reactivity and eosinophil accumulation.
AB  - Sensitised guinea-pigs were exposed to an aerosol of ovalbumin (100-500
      micrograms/ml) and normal animals were exposed to an aerosol of platelet
      activating factor (PAF) (250-1000 micrograms/ml). Twenty-four hours later,
      bronchial reactivity was assessed by measurement of air overflow in response to
      i.v. histamine or acetylcholine using the Konsett-Rossler technique.
      Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed by washing the lungs with 10
      ml of 0.9% saline and differential counts obtained to assess the ability of PAF
      and antigen to elicit pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment. Both PAF and
      antigen exposure produced a dose-related increase in bronchial reactivity, while
      treatment with the vehicle (either 0.25% bovine serum albumin or 0.9% saline) had
      no effect on airway responsiveness. Furthermore, both PAF and antigen exposure
      produced a selective accumulation of eosinophils into the airways. There was no
      significant change in the number of neutrophils, macrophages or lymphocytes. The
      selective PAF antagonist BN52021 inhibited both the development of bronchial
      hyper-reactivity and the eosinophil influx into the airways induced by PAF or
      antigen exposure. These observations suggest that PAF has a central role to play
      in the antigen induced eosinophil accumulation and subsequent bronchial hyper
      reactivity.

PMID- 3383998
TI  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, anti-hypertensive activity and
      hemodynamic profile of trandolapril (RU 44570).
AB  - Trandolapril (RU 44570), a new non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
      inhibitor chemically related to enalapril, and its diacid (RU 44403), were
      investigated for their ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme.
      Trandolapril attenuated angiotensin I (Ang I)-induced pressor responses following
      i.v. administration to rats and dogs with ID50 values of 13.1 +/- 1.3 and 21.1 +/
      2.3 micrograms/kg. RU 44403 produced corresponding values of 9.9 +/- 0.7 and 7.2
      +/- 2.3 micrograms/kg. Trandolapril (3-300 micrograms/kg) produced a dose-related
      attenuation of Ang I-induced pressor responses (ID50 30 micrograms/kg) following
      oral administration to rats. Oral administration of trandolapril (30-1000
      micrograms/kg) to dogs inhibited Ang I pressor responses for over 6 h. The
      depressor action of bradykinin in the rat was potentiated by i.v. trandolapril
      and RU 44403 with ED50 values of 5.5 +/- 0.8 and 4.9 +/- 0.3 micrograms/kg
      respectively. Trandolapril was 2.3-10-fold more potent than enalapril in all
      experiments, depending on species or route of administration. RU 44403 and MK 422
      were approximately equipotent, implying that trandolapril was more readily
      hydrolysed than enalapril. Trandolapril (0.3-30 mg/kg) produced dose-related,
      long-lasting (greater than 24 h) reductions in blood pressure (BP) in
      spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following oral administration. The anti
      hypertensive effect was potentiated significantly in hydrochlorothiazide
      pretreated SHR when the plasma renin activity was increased. Enalapril was 10
      fold less potent than trandolapril in reducing BP. The anti-hypertensive action
      of trandolapril (3 mg/kg) was abolished in SHR that were bilaterally
      nephrectomized 24 h beforehand, but was maintained in SHR pretreated by
      indomethacin (5 mg/kg p.o.). Trandolapril (1 mg/kg i.v.) produced a modest and
      transient reduction in BP in anesthetized dogs. Trandolapril produced dose
      related (30-1000 micrograms/kg) reductions in BP, total peripheral resistance and
      heart work in dogs pretreated with hydrochlorothiazide to increase plasma renin
      activity.

PMID- 3383999
TI  - Effects of vasopressin on the human non-pregnant uterus: studies with analogues
      of different vasopressor potencies.
AB  - The uterotonic effects of arginine8-vasopressin (AVP) have been studied on
      uterine strips from non-pregnant women. Concentration-dependent contractions
      could be recorded over a 10 min period in the presence of AVP (5.5.10(-10)-3.10(
      7) M); the most reproducible recordings were obtained with tissue from the inner
      part of the myometrium. Analogues of AVP and oxytocin (OT), modified at positions
      1 (2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic acid, deamino-3-mercaptopropionic acid), 2
      (Phe), 4 (Arg, Val), 7 (Sar) or 8 (Orn) were synthesized and tested for
      uterotonic activity on human and rat uterine strips, and for vasopressor and
      antidiuretic activity in the rat in vivo. There was a positive correlation
      between the activity of these analogues on non-pregnant human myometrial tissue
      with that in the rat vasopressor assay (r = 0.86, P less than 0.01) but none with
      their activity in the antidiuretic assay. For example, [Mpa1,D-Arg8]vasopressin
      had more than twice the antidiuretic activity of AVP but less than 0.2% of its
      pressor or human uterotonic potency (Mpa = 3-mercaptopropionic acid).
      Correspondingly, the specific pressor analogue [Hmp1,Phe2,Orn8]OT was as potent
      as AVP on the human uterus, but had less than 3% of its antidiuretic activity
      (Hmp = 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic acid). There was no correlation between the
      uterotonic activities of AVP or its analogues when non-pregnant human and rat
      tissues were compared, indicating that rat uterine tissue is a poor guide when
      testing analogues intended for clinical use in non-pregnant women.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384000
TI  - In vivo measurement of extracellular dopamine and DOPAC in rat striatum after
      various dopamine-releasing drugs; implications for the origin of extracellular
      DOPAC.
AB  - In order to further examine the likely origin of the dopamine (DA) metabolite,
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), certain drugs known to release DA from
      different intraneuronal pools were tested for their effects on extracellular
      striatal DA and DOPAC levels by means of brain microdialysis in the halothane
      anaesthetized rat. Amphetamine (10(-6) and 10(-5) M), nomifensine (10(-5) M),
      potassium chloride (30 and 60 mM), methylphenidate (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) and
      tyramine (10(-5) M), when added to the perfusion medium and administered locally
      into the striatum via the dialysis membrane, increased the level of DA in
      striatal perfusates during the 20 min of application. In comparison, the level of
      DOPAC in the perfusates was decreased by both amphetamine (10(-5) M) and
      potassium chloride (60 mM), but was not significantly changed by nomifensine,
      methylphenidate or tyramine. The effect of amphetamine (10(-6) M) and nomifensine
      (10(-5) M) on DA and DOPAC levels was further studied by administering the drugs
      over a longer period of time (3 X 20 min). Although both of these treatments
      produced a similar increase of DA, only amphetamine reduced the levels of DOPAC.
      DA (10(-4) but not (10(-5) M) increased the levels of DOPAC but this effect was
      also seen in DA-denervated animals. These data indicate that when the DA nerve
      terminal is exposed to drugs which release newly synthesized DA, DOPAC declines
      possibly because intraneuronal monoamine oxidase is deprived of its main
      substrate. We suggest that these findings support the hypothesis that a major
      portion of the DA metabolite, DOPAC, is derived from an intraneuronal pool of
      newly synthesized DA.

PMID- 3384001
TI  - Study of platelet activating factor and its antagonists on rat colon strip with a
      new method avoiding tachyphylaxis.
AB  - Platelet activating factor induced slow, but sustained contraction of isolated
      rat colon in a dose-dependent manner. The contraction persisted even when the
      strips were washed several times with Tyrode solution. However, the addition of
      high concentrations of bovine serum albumin to the washing solution led to the
      rapid relaxation of the strips to the basal level, possibly by removing platelet
      activating factor tightly bound to rat colon. These strips then responded
      normally to a second addition of platelet activating factor. Neither the
      cholinergic nervous system nor release of histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins or
      leukotriene D4 were significantly involved in the contraction induced by platelet
      activating factor. FR-900452 and CV-3988, recently found to be antagonists of
      platelet activating factor, selectively blocked the contraction of rat colon
      induced by the active phospholipid, indicating that it induced contraction by a
      direct stimulatory effect on the smooth muscle of rat colon in a receptor
      mediated manner.

PMID- 3384002
TI  - Chronic cocaine effects on peripheral biogenic amines: a long-term reduction in
      peripheral dopamine and phenylethylamine production.
AB  - The short- (during 12 h after last treatment) and long- (6 weeks after last
      treatment) term effects of repeated administration of cocaine on the total output
      of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolites (sum NE), dopamine (DA) and its
      metabolites (sum DA) as well as the excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5
      HIAA) and phenylethylamine were evaluated in rats. The concentration of NE, DA
      and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the celiac ganglion after 1, 2 and
      3 weeks of repeated cocaine administration were also measured. Sum NE remained
      unchanged during the cocaine treatment but NE and normetanephrine excretions were
      significantly decreased and increased respectively. 5-HIAA excretion was
      significantly reduced only after 3 weeks cocaine treatment. In the celiac
      ganglion NE and DOPAC contents showed tendencies towards being increased and
      decreased respectively. DA content was not changed. The excretions of DA, DOPAC,
      homovanillic acid (HVA) and phenylethylamine were significantly reduced during
      chronic exposure to cocaine. The above short-term changes in DA and
      phenylethylamine persisted for periods as long as 6 weeks after 1 week repeated
      exposure to cocaine. It is concluded that chronic exposure to cocaine can produce
      preferential long term deficiencies in the production of DA and phenylethylamine
      in the periphery. Peripheral noradrenergic and serotonergic neuronal systems are
      apparently minimally affected. The close association between DA or sum DA and
      phenylethylamine excretion suggest these 2 amines may coexist in the same neuron.

PMID- 3384003
TI  - Clonidine inhibits electrodermal responses by an action on the spinal cord.
AB  - Experiments were designed to determine the neural site of action for clonidine
      inhibition of sympathetic-cholinergic electrodermal responses (EDR) in
      anesthetized cats. Administration of clonidine (0.3-3.0 micrograms i.a.) directly
      to the stellate ganglion did not significantly decrease the amplitude of
      responses evoked by submaximal hypothalamic stimulation but did inhibit
      hypothalamic-evoked EDR when administered intrathecally at the C6 to T2 spinal
      levels. Administration of clonidine to the ganglion, however, did depress EDR
      evoked by the ganglionic stimulant, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide
      (DMPP, 10 micrograms i.a.). Intravenous clonidine (1-30 micrograms) also reduced
      EDR amplitude evoked by single pulse stimulation of both the pre- and
      postganglionic sympathetic nerves with responses elicited from both sites
      depressed to an equal extent. Yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) uniformly antagonized
      clonidine's depression of EDR regardless of the site or mode of activation. These
      results indicate that clonidine depresses centrally evoked sudomotor responses by
      activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord and to a limited extent by
      direct action at the neuroeffector junction. Although a possible DMPP-clonidine
      interaction appears to take place at the level of the sympathetic ganglion, it is
      unlikely that ganglionic blockade contributes significantly to clonidine
      inhibition of EDR evoked by electrical activation of the nervous system.

PMID- 3384005
TI  - [3H]N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]BTCP): a new
      phencyclidine analog selective for the dopamine uptake complex.
AB  - A benzothiophenyl group instead of a phenyl ring on phencyclidine (PCP) yields a
      molecule N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (BTCP), which is one of
      the more potent known dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors (IC50 = 7 nM). This
      compound also has low affinity for the PCP receptor (K0.5 = 6 microM). The sodium
      dependent [3H]BTCP binding to rat striatal membranes was investigated. [3H]BTCP
      bound to two different sites: one with very high affinity (Kd1 = 0.9 nM, Bmax1 =
      3.5 pmol/mg protein) which paralleled the distribution of dopaminergic nerve
      endings and a second with lower affinity (Kd2 = 20 nM, Bmax2 = 7.5 pmol/mg
      protein). There was a good correlation between the abilities of drugs specific
      for the DA uptake complex and of PCP analogs to inhibit high affinity [3H]BTCP
      binding and [3H]DA synaptosomal uptake. This study also demonstrated that PCP
      interacts with the DA uptake site since it is a competitive inhibitor of high
      affinity [3H]BTCP binding. This site, however, is not the PCP receptor, which has
      a different pharmacological selectivity.

PMID- 3384004
TI  - Actions of centrally administered neuropeptides on rat intestinal transport:
      enhancement of ileal absorption by angiotensin II.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that opioids and other peptides may act within the CNS
      to modulate intestinal fluid and ion transport. In this study, the brain peptides
      bombesin and angiotensin II were examined for their ability to alter water flux
      across the small intestine after their intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)
      administration to rats. In addition, changes in mean arterial pressure and
      respiratory frequency were determined after peptide treatment to assess the
      physiological specificity of their CNS actions. Bombesin, administered by i.c.v.
      bolus injections (10-1000 ng/rat) or continuous infusion (100 ng/min), rapidly
      elevated blood pressure and respiration, but had no significant effect on water
      transport in proximal jejunum or distal ileum in situ (as measured by single-pass
      perfusion with [14C]polyethylene glycol as non-absorbed water marker).
      Angiotensin II rapidly increased blood pressure and enhanced ileal absorption 30
      min after its i.c.v. bolus injection at 0.1-1 microgram, but had no effect on
      jejunal transport or respiration. These effects were inhibited in rats pretreated
      with either the angiotensin antagonist [Sar1, Val5, Ala8]angiotensin II (5
      micrograms i.c.v.) or the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine (1 mg/kg
      i.v.). In contrast, atropine methylnitrate (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) pretreatment
      inhibited the proabsorptive, but not the pressor effects of angiotensin. These
      results indicate for the first time that angiotensin II promotes fluid absorption
      in the rat intestine by an action within the CNS. The mechanisms underlying this
      novel action of angiotensin appear to differ from those responsible for its
      hypertensive action.

PMID- 3384006
TI  - Cadmium chloride induces contractions of the rat isolated urinary bladder by
      activation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.
AB  - Cadmium chloride (CdCl2)(30 microM-1 mM) produced a concentration-related
      contraction of the rat isolated urinary bladder which was abolished by
      tetrodotoxin (1 microM) or extrinsic bladder denervation (72 h before). Complete
      cross-desensitization was observed between the contractile response to Cd and
      capsaicin, indicating that, at the peripheral level, this inorganic calcium
      channel blocker can activate the 'efferent' function of capsaicin-sensitive
      sensory nerves.

PMID- 3384007
TI  - Electrophysiological effects of cocaine and procaine on dorsal raphe serotonin
      neurons.
AB  - The effects of cocaine and procaine on the spontaneous activity of serotonin (5
      hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the chloral
      hydrate anesthetized male rat were characterized using extracellular single-unit
      and microiontophoretic recording techniques. Intravenous cocaine elicited a
      potent, dose-dependent inhibition of 5-HT cell firing with a cumulative dose to
      50% inhibition of cell firing of 0.66 +/- 0.11 mg/kg (means +/- S.E.M.; N = 17).
      In contrast, systemic administration of the local anesthetic procaine did not
      significantly alter cell firing in cumulative doses up to 16 mg/kg (N = 10).
      Microiontophoretic application of cocaine, but not procaine, also depressed
      spontaneous cell firing of 5-HT-containing neurons and potentiated the inhibitory
      effects of 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The depressant effects on 5-HT
      neurons following systemic or microiontophoretic application of cocaine may
      result from autoinhibition of 5-HT neurons, presumably as a consequence of
      cocaine-induced 5-HT reuptake inhibition.

PMID- 3384009
TI  - Preliminary identification of N-methyladrenaline in rat retina and brain with
      HPLC techniques.

PMID- 3384008
TI  - Calcium channel antagonists increase morphine-induced analgesia and antagonize
      morphine tolerance.
AB  - The influence of calcium channel blockers on morphine-induced analgesia and on
      tolerance to the chronic administration of the opiate was investigated in mice.
      The effects of a test dose of morphine were significantly increased by the
      administration of diltiazem, flunarizine, nicardipine and verapamil. In contrast,
      nifedipine induced an antagonistic effect. The calcium channel antagonists did
      not change the reaction time to thermal stimulation in mice (hot plate test). The
      administration of nifedipine, flunarizine and verapamil reduced the intensity of
      the tolerance induced by a single dose of morphine administered in a slow release
      preparation. Diltiazem induced a non-significant decrease of the process. The
      present results are in accordance with the known interaction of acute and chronic
      morphine administration with the intracellular calcium concentration in neurones
      of the central nervous system.

PMID- 3384010
TI  - Isolation of alpha-crystallin and its subunits by affinity chromatography on
      immobilized monoclonal antibodies.
AB  - Use has been made of the specific interactions between monoclonal antibodies and
      the alpha A or alpha B subunits of alpha-crystallin to devise methods for the
      purification of the intact protein or its subunits. alpha A and alpha B subunits
      were separated by affinity chromatography on an immobilized monoclonal antibody
      specific for alpha A chains, using a pH gradient. Use of an antibody which binds
      both subunits has enabled the isolation of intact alpha-crystallin aggregates.
      Gel electrophoresis, conformational probing and size analysis showed that the
      affinity purified proteins were purer but otherwise indistinguishable from the
      alpha-crystallins isolated by other methods.

PMID- 3384011
TI  - Effects of ascorbic acid on trabecular meshwork cells in culture.
AB  - We examined the effects of ascorbic acid on trabecular meshwork cells in culture.
      Bovine trabecular meshwork cells were plated for 6 days and were exposed to media
      containing either no ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid in the following
      concentrations for 24 hr: 50-, 100-, 500-, and 750 micrograms ml-1. Fresh media
      were then added and incubation was continued for an additional 24 hr. The cell
      number was subsequently determined for the effects of the various concentrations
      of ascorbic acid on cell growth. In a parallel experiment, cells were labeled
      with [35S] sulfate (50 microCi ml-1) and [3H]glucosamine (15 microCi ml-1) for 24
      hr with or without ascorbic acid for glycosaminoglycan studies. Results indicated
      that ascorbic acid stimulated the trabecular cell growth in culture at
      concentrations of 50-, 100-, and 250 micrograms ml-1. However, at 750 micrograms
      ml-1, cell growth was inhibited. In addition, cells exposed to 100 micrograms ml
      1 of ascorbic acid demonstrated increased incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and
      [35S]sulfate; enhancement of incorporation of [35S]sulfate was also noted at 250
      micrograms ml-1. Incorporation of labels was otherwise either unchanged or
      retarded at other concentrations. These data suggest that the ascorbic acid level
      in the aqueous humour may influence trabecular meshwork cell metabolism.

PMID- 3384012
TI  - Spectroscopic studies on the riboflavin-sensitized conformational changes of calf
      lens alpha-crystallin.
AB  - The change in conformation of calf lens alpha-crystallin by oxidation in the
      presence of the photosensitizer riboflavin and light has been investigated. Near
      UV circular dichroism (CD) spectrum, absorption spectrum, tryptophan fluorescence
      yield and fluorescence lifetime of the SH-specific fluorescent probe, N
      iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphtyl) ethylenediamine (1,5-IAEDANS), were
      significantly altered by irradiation in the presence of RF. In the initial stages
      of photolysis (1-2 hr), a slight degradation of the protein to lower molecular
      weight peptides was observed. Upon increased photolysis, intersubunit cross
      linking to dimers and other high molecular weight species was observed. To
      determine the effects of cross-linking on the accessibility of the cysteine
      residues of the protein, lifetime quenching studies on the IAEDANS-labeled alpha
      crystallin were performed. A decrease in the quenching constant (kappa q) in the
      photolysed sample indicates that the labeled SH groups are less susceptible to
      collisional quenching, which requires contact between the quencher and the
      excited state of the fluorophore, due to steric inhibition in the cross-linked
      protein. Cross-linking and the rate of loss of tryptophan fluorescence of alpha
      crystallin diminished under anaerobic conditions and increased when D2O was used
      in the medium for irradiation. Use of inhibitors and quenchers of active species
      of oxygen suggests that photo-oxidation probably occurs via the action of singlet
      oxygen as well as substrate-sensitizer complexation.

PMID- 3384013
TI  - Progressive ultrastructural damage and thickening of the basement membrane of the
      retinal pigment epithelium in spontaneously diabetic BB rats.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium
      was performed in spontaneously diabetic BB rats and non-diabetic littermate
      controls at various time points during the course of diabetes. Four types of
      progressive changes occur in diabetic rats: (1) There is a progressive thickening
      of the basal laminae of the retinal pigment epithelium and the retinal
      capillaries. (2) In addition to this thickening, there is a progressive, often
      focal, thickening of the rest of Bruch's membrane, and by 11 1/2 months it
      contains numerous randomly oriented collagen fibrils. (3) There are progressive
      ultrastructural changes in retinal pigment epithelial cells consisting of marked
      dilation of the basal infoldings, the formation of large vacuoles and cell
      swelling. (4) Rare degenerative changes were noted in retinal capillary
      pericytes. Since non-diabetic littermates do not show comparable changes, it is
      likely that they are diabetes-related, suggesting that progressive damage to the
      retinal pigment epithelium may occur during the course of diabetes.

PMID- 3384015
TI  - Electroretinogram 'B-wave gain' varies with light intensity.

PMID- 3384014
TI  - Morphometry of nerve fiber bundle pores in the optic nerve head of the human.
AB  - The axons of retinal ganglion cells form fascicles that leave the globe through
      pores in the optic nerve head formed by beams of glia and collagen. In eyes
      obtained at time of autopsy of 17 normal subjects of various ages, these pores
      were counted and measured in the lamina choroidalis and lamina scleralis of the
      nerve heads. The number of pores at the scleral level was 1.48 times (0.18, 95%
      confidence interval) greater than at the choroidal level, and the pores were
      proportionately smaller at the scleral level. No significant change in the
      numbers of pores or the area of the nerve head at either level was found with
      age. The proportion of the nerve head devoted to pores decreased significantly
      with age. Since the pores contain primarily nerve fibers, the slope of this
      decrease suggests the loss to be about 5% of fibers per decade after age 30.

PMID- 3384016
TI  - Accumulation and toxicity of gold in the rabbit lens in vitro.
AB  - Gold compounds are used therapeutically and have been observed to accumulate in
      the human eye. In the present study, we have measured the accumulation and loss
      of gold (AuIII) in rabbit lenses in vitro using 195Au as a tracer. Accumulation
      increased progressively with time of incubation up to 24 hr. The highest
      concentration of Au3+ observed was about 16 mumol kg-1 wet wt. Rate of
      accumulation also rose with increase in the external concentration of Au3+, but
      the magnitude of the change exceeded the concentration difference.
      Autoradiography showed a high accumulation of 195Au in a central region of the
      anterior face of the lens, as has been observed in vivo in humans undergoing
      chrysotherapy. Loss (efflux) of accumulated 195Au was increased by the presence
      of Au3+ or dithiothreitol in the external media. Lanthanum (La3+), however,
      decreased the loss of such Au and promoted its accumulation. Gold can have a
      toxic effect on lenses as incubation for 7 days in a medium containing 10(-7) M
      Au3+ resulted in a marked gain of Na and loss of K. The results suggest that Au
      accretion occurs at surface sites associated with the anterior of the lens, but
      whether or not intracellular accumulation occurs is not clear. This Au, in
      excess, may have toxic effects on the tissue.

PMID- 3384017
TI  - Nucleotide binding to the rod outer segment rim protein.
AB  - The rod photoreceptor outer segment maintains a remarkable morphology. Two of the
      proteins which have been implicated in the maintenance of this structure are the
      240 kDa spectrin-like protein, and the 220 kDa glycoprotein often referred to as
      the rim protein. We have probed rat rod outer segment proteins with light
      activated (azido-labeled) radioactive nucleotides and found a nucleotide binding
      site(s) on the rim protein which has a preference for guanine nucleotides.
      Binding to this site is stimulated by the divalent cations zinc, manganese and
      magnesium, but not calcium. This site is under investigation and may play a role
      in stabilizing protein structure.

PMID- 3384018
TI  - Dry mass and water content in the corneal epithelium and superficial stroma
      during healing of corneal alkali wounds.
AB  - The dry mass contents of the rabbit corneal epithelium and of the superficial
      stroma were determined during healing of a standardized corneal alkali wound.
      Quantitative microradiography was applied to freeze-sectioned corneal specimens.
      This method allows a morphological resolution of the order of 1 micron and
      quantitative dry mass determinations in volumes down to about 100 microns 3. For
      comparison, the epithelial morphology was studied using Toluidine Blue stained
      sections. Flat epithelial cells covered the wound surface during the first day,
      the dry mass content being equivalent to that of the normal wing cells. The dry
      mass content in the epithelium and, indirectly, the water content, followed the
      hydration state of the superficial stroma. A progressive thickening of the
      epithelium and a varying morphological picture were found during the first 2
      months following initial damage. Normal thickness and cytoarchitecture were found
      after 6 months. Generally, the dry mass content of the epithelium was reduced
      compared with physiological values for 2 months. Later, the cells close to the
      stroma regained normal values. Cells in the middle zone and the superficial zone
      reached normal values after 6 months. The significance of the endothelial damage
      for the hydration state of the epithelium was discussed.

PMID- 3384019
TI  - Retinal damage by constant light in chimaeric mice: implications for the
      protective role of melanin.
AB  - Adult chimaeric mice, containing varying proportions of albino and pigmented
      cells in their ocular tissues, were exposed to constant light for 5 weeks and the
      distribution of the surviving rod perikarya in the retina and of the pigmented
      cells in various eye tissues were compared. In chimaeras which were mostly
      albino, the retinal lesion was similar to that in pure strain albino mice; in
      chimaeras with relatively more pigmented cells in their ocular tissues, the
      retina was unaffected as in fully pigmented mice. In chimaeras with amounts of
      pigmented cells in their ocular tissues varying between these two ends, lesions
      of intermediate degrees could be observed. Surviving rod cells in such chimaeric
      retinas were always found in regions adjoining the periphery. The location of the
      rod perikarya in such regions did not show an exact correlation with that of the
      overlying pigmented cells but regions of the outer nuclear layer with surviving
      rod perikarya were generally located in the half or quarter of the retina in
      which the overlying pigment epithelium also contained more pigmented cells than
      in the other regions. The proportions of the surviving photoreceptor cells varied
      between such chimaeras. The lesion appeared to be less extensive in individuals
      with more pigmented cells in the epithelium but no exact correlation was
      recorded. The findings suggest that while pigmentation in the iris reduces the
      amount of light reaching the retina, melanin in the pigment epithelium, in
      addition to preventing light reflection, may also play an antitoxic role,
      possibly as an antioxidative agent.

PMID- 3384020
TI  - Expression of cartilage-matrix genes and localization of their translation
      products in the embryonic chick eye.
AB  - The presence of cartilage-matrix molecules in the embryonic chick eye was shown
      by means of measuring RNA expression and immunostaining studies. The molecules
      examined were proteoglycan core protein (PG-core), link protein (LP), cartilage
      matrix protein (CMP) and type II collagen. The genes encoding these proteins are
      expressed in 8- to 11-day embryonic chick eyes at constant steady-state levels.
      Immunopositive stained tissues include sclera, choroid, cornea, lens capsule (PG
      core, LP, CMP), lens epithelium, lens fibers (LP, CMP) and the membranes in the
      retina (LP). In addition, data from comparative studies employing the eyes from
      the proteoglycan core-protein-deficient mutant, nanomelia, indicate that levels
      of mRNA for core protein are almost absent and that CMP is reduced in the above
      mentioned tissues.

PMID- 3384021
TI  - Corneal transmission in whole human eyes.
AB  - The transmission of blue-green argon laser light (lambda = 488 nm and lambda =
      514.5 nm) through clear healthy corneae was measured by means of a photodiode
      implanted into whole human donor eyes. The mean corneal transmission in seven
      eyes (donor age: 32-84 y) was 93.2 +/- 3.2% S.D., range 87-98%. The time between
      death and measurement ranged from 3.5 to 16 hr. These results indicate that
      hardly any correction for light loss in a healthy cornea is required in
      fluorophotometric results obtained with the use of fluorescein (lambda max.exc. =
      489 nm, lambda max.em. = 514 nm).

PMID- 3384022
TI  - Carboxyfluorescein transfer across the blood-retinal barrier evaluated by
      quantitative fluorescence microscopy: comparison with fluorescein.
AB  - Carboxyfluorescein levels in ocular tissues of normal rats were measured using
      quantitative fluorescence microscopy and compared with fluorescein levels to
      determine the extent to which blood-retinal barrier permeability is affected by
      the difference in lipid solubility of these two dyes. Retinal fluorescence
      intensity measurements at 2 min after i.v. dye injection were very much lower for
      carboxyfluorescein than for fluorescein despite similar plasma free dye
      concentrations. Marked leakage of dye from the optic disc into peripapillary
      retina was identified. At 1- and 2 hr, retinal levels of the two dyes became more
      similar, because fluorescein was removed from retina faster than
      carboxyfluorescein. After sodium-iodate-induced damage of the pigment epithelium,
      high levels of both dyes were evident in retina, but carboxyfluorescein was
      localized chiefly within extracellular space whereas fluorescein also densely
      stained cell somata. The fluorescence intensity levels recorded, which are
      proportional to the total mass of dye in the tissue, were correspondingly lower
      for carboxyfluorescein than for fluorescein, indicating that they were markedly
      affected by the different distribution of the two dyes. To relate tissue
      fluorescence intensity directly to dye concentration in the extracellular fluid,
      measurements were obtained from isolated retinas incubated in dye solutions of
      known concentration. Log-log plots demonstrated a linear relation between
      fluorescence intensity and medium concentration for both dyes, but retinal
      fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein, in correspondence with its limited
      distribution in the tissue space, was consistently less than that of fluorescein.
      The ratio of carboxyfluorescein to fluorescein fluorescence varied with the
      retinal layers but was constant for each layer over the concentration range
      tested. These fluorescence intensity ratios then were used to adjust the in vivo
      data so that comparison between the two dyes more closely reflected their
      extracellular dye concentration. With this correction the amount of
      carboxyfluorescein present in outer retina shortly after dye injection was
      approx. 1/10 that of fluorescein, indicating that carboxyfluorescein penetrates
      the pigment epithelium less readily than fluorescein, as expected from the
      difference in lipid solubility of the two dyes. However, fluorescence of both
      dyes in retina and presumably in vitreous humor eventually reached similar
      levels. This is attributed to entry of the dyes at sites of barrier
      discontinuity, as at the optic disc, and by a difference in their rates of
      removal from the intraocular compartment.

PMID- 3384023
TI  - The dolichol pathway in the retina: oligosaccharide-lipid biosynthesis.
AB  - The formation of the oligosaccharide-lipid intermediates of the dolichol pathway
      by the bovine retina was investigated. Intact retinas were incubated in vitro for
      various periods of time in the presence of a variety of radioactive sugars (2
      [3H]mannose, 6-[3H]glucose, 1-[3H]galactose, 1-[14C]glucosamine) using incubation
      conditions which have been shown previously to support the glycosylation of
      rhodopsin. The oligosaccharide-lipids were isolated and partially purified by
      DEAE cellulose chromatography. After mild acid hydrolysis and reduction, the
      oligosaccharides were analysed by HPLC. Further identification was obtained by
      chemical means and after digestion of the oligosaccharides with alpha-mannosidase
      and endohexosaminidase H. The full array of oligosaccharide-lipids which have
      been observed in other tissues were detected in the bovine retina, although some
      striking differences were seen in their relative distribution. Although short
      term incubations (up to 15 min) indicated that the major species was the fully
      glucosylated oligosaccharide-lipid (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2), with longer incubation
      times the non-glucose-containing intermediate, Man9GlcNAc2, became the
      predominant species. Since glycerol was the carbon source for these incubations,
      the possibility was investigated that glucose starvation may have been the basis
      for this phenomenon, as has been reported in other tissues. It was established
      that this was not the case. Experiments carried out in the presence of
      castanospermine and bromoconduritol indicated that alpha-glucosidase activity in
      the retina may have resulted in the accumulation of the unglucosylated
      oligosaccharide-lipids. The formation of oligosaccharide-lipid intermediates by
      cells of the retinal pigment epithelium from the embryonic chick, maintained in
      cell culture, was also examined. In contrast to the bovine retina, the major
      species present were the glucose-containing intermediates, similar to other
      tissues.

PMID- 3384024
TI  - The pigmented epithelium sustains cell growth and tissue differentiation of
      chicken retinal explants in vitro.
AB  - Embryonic retinae from 5-6-day-old chicks (E5-E6) were cut into stripes either in
      close contact with (RPE stripes) or in absence of the neighboring retinal
      pigmented epithelium (R stripes). The stripes were explanted and cultivated in
      vitro for up to 6 days, during which time they show the following differences in
      their characteristics of growth and differentiation. Compared with R stripes, RPE
      stripes morphologically showed a significant increase in size during the first 2
      days in culture. Using E5 tissue, this is also demonstrated by a higher rate of
      cell proliferation (as measured by uptake of radioactive thymidine as well as by
      DNA contents). In contrast, R stripes after two days in culture show a much
      stronger neurite growth. After longer periods of culturing (5-6 days) we can show
      by cholinesterase histochemistry (AChE and BChE) and by PNA-lectin binding that
      the RPE stripes have started to form all major layers of the in vivo retina,
      whereas R stripes remain unstratified and start to degenerate earlier. We
      conclude that the pigment epithelium might exert a specific stimulus on growth
      and tissue differentiation of the neural retina not only during in vitro, but
      possibly also during in vivo development. The in vitro methods introduced here
      could become useful model systems to further investigate the significance of the
      RPE for developmental, regenerative and even adult processes of the neural
      retina. Their future applicability in ophthalmologic research is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 3384025
TI  - Diurnal variation in chick retinal 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 3384026
TI  - Tissue distribution of polyamines in pig eye. 1. Introduction.

PMID- 3384027
TI  - Biomarkers of aging.

PMID- 3384028
TI  - Effects of aging on respiration, ATP levels and calcium transport in rat liver
      mitochondria. Response to theophylline.
AB  - The concept that aging results in an impairment of mitochondrial biochemistry has
      been tested on organelles isolated from the liver of 3-4-month-old and 24-month
      old rats of the Wistar strain. Our data suggest that aging results in significant
      decreases in succinate-supported respiration, ATP levels and calcium uptake. When
      theophylline was added to the incubation mixture, both respiration and calcium
      uptake were depressed in approximately the same proportion in the mitochondria
      from old rats, although the mitochondrial ATP of young animals was significantly
      decreased by this substance.

PMID- 3384029
TI  - Alterations of cell cycle distribution in the bone marrow of aging mice measured
      by flow cytometry.
AB  - The effect of aging on the cell cycle distribution in bone marrow cells was
      measured by flow cytometry with special reference to the lability in bone marrow
      physiology. Female C3H mice were examined every 3 h during a 24-h period at the
      age of 16, 21 and 26 months, vs 3-month-old control mice. Considerable circadian
      fluctuations were found in the different cell cycle phases in young mice. The
      rhythmicity patterns were different when comparing different months. In aging
      mice the variations were dampened, while consistent age-related phase shifts were
      not seen. The maximal 24-h mean numbers of cells in all three cell phases, but
      especially the S and G2 phases were reached at 21 months. The relative number of
      S and G2 phases were significantly reduced in 26-month-old mice, indicating an
      age-related shift of the proliferative capacity. The present findings are
      discussed in relation to age-related changes in granulopoiesis and the increase
      of myelotoxic effects during cancer chemotherapy in aging individuals.

PMID- 3384030
TI  - Metabolic rates in genetically based long lived strains of Drosophila.
AB  - The goal of these experiments was to determine if the increased longevity
      characteristics of our genetically selected long lived line of Drosophila could
      be attributed to metabolic differences. The data shows an inverse relationship
      between life span and temperature for both the long lived (L) and normal (R)
      strains; however, the higher longevity of the L strain relative to the R strain
      is not affected by these treatments. Therefore, the genetic factors unique to the
      L strain do not affect the same processes affected by the temperature treatments.
      A second set of experiments detected a linear relationship between the MDMR (mean
      daily metabolic rate) and the ambient adult temperature. However, at each
      temperature, the MDMR of either strain was statistically equivalent; a finding
      which demonstrates that an increased life span depends on something other than
      conservation of calories. A third set of experiments looked at the metabolic
      efficiency of the two strains and were not able to detect any statistically
      significant differences. The two strains appear to expend approximately
      equivalent numbers of calories per day in an approximately equivalent manner.
      These data are interpreted in the context both of a previously postulated genetic
      switch mechanism believed responsible for initiating the onset of senescence, and
      of contemporary reinterpretations of the "rate of living" theory which implicates
      the essential role of various anti-oxidant defense systems.

PMID- 3384031
TI  - Long-term enhancement of evoked potentials in cat somatosensory cortex produced
      by co-activation of the basal forebrain and cutaneous receptors.
AB  - Averaged evoked potentials from primary somatosensory cortex (SEPs) were recorded
      before and after pairing the peripheral stimuli with electrical activation of the
      basal forebrain (BF) in anesthetized cats. Four pulses at 400 Hz were delivered
      to the BF 120 ms before each cutaneous stimulus and 10 to 660 such pairings were
      found to produce an enlargement of the SEP in 10 of 11 animals. The average
      increase in amplitude of the initial peak of the SEP was 69%. The SEP remained
      enhanced in five of six animals that were tested an hour or more after the
      pairing, and in one case the SEP was tested 4.5 h after pairing without
      diminution. The effective BF sites were located in the substantia innominata and
      at the rostral pole of the globus pallidus, regions known to contain many
      cholinergic cell bodies. Enhancement occurred consistently only if stimulation of
      the BF site elicited a positive wave in the cortex at a latency of 11 to 18 ms.
      Repeated BF stimulation without cutaneous input did not produce a change in
      subsequent SEPs. The long-term changes described here may be involved in
      experimentally- and naturally-induced cortical reorganization.

PMID- 3384032
TI  - Neuronal coding of linear motion in the vestibular nuclei of the alert cat. II.
      Response characteristics to vertical optokinetic stimulation.
AB  - Extracellular activity from vestibular nuclei neurons and vertical eye movements
      were recorded in the alert cat during sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation in the
      vertical plane at frequencies varying from 0.0125 Hz to 0.75 Hz. Among a
      population of 96 vestibular units located in and around Deiters' nucleus, 73
      neurons (76%) displayed a firing rate modulation which followed the input at the
      standard parameters of visual stimulation (0.05 Hz; 10.1 deg/s or 9.1 cm/s peak
      to peak velocity). Two different patterns of modulation were found. In 42 cells
      (57%) an increase in the firing rate was observed during motion of the visual
      scene in the downward direction, while 31 neurons (43%) showed the opposite
      behavior, with an enhanced firing rate during upward movement. The phase of the
      neuronal responses was close (+/- 45 degrees) to the velocity peaks (+90 degrees:
      downward and -90 degrees: upward) of visual scene motion for 65 among the 73
      neurons. Mean values of phase was -6.1 +/- 19.5 degrees (SD) and -3.2 +/- 15.5
      degrees (SD) with respect to the +90 degrees and -90 degrees velocity peaks,
      respectively. In the frequency range 0.0125-0.75 Hz, the phase of the neuronal
      responses remained almost stable, with only a slight lag which reaches -22
      degrees at the 0.25 Hz visual stimulation. The firing rate modulation was found
      to be predominant at low frequencies (0.0125 Hz-0.25 Hz), with three distinct
      peaks of modulation occurring either at 0.025 Hz, 0.10 Hz or 0.25 Hz, depending
      on the recorded cells. Above 0.5 Hz, the cell modulation was very poorly
      developed or even absent. A gain attenuation was observed in all units, which was
      more important in cells showing a peak of modulation at 0.025 Hz as compared with
      the others (-20.7 dB vs -9.6 dB, respectively, in the 0.025 Hz-0.25 Hz decade).
      The gain of the optokinetic reflex (OKR) progressively decreased from mean values
      of 0.78 +/- 0.15 to 0.05 +/- 0.06 in the 0.025 Hz-0.5 Hz frequency range. A close
      correlation was observed between the OKR slow phase velocity and the modulation
      of the neuronal responses in the two cell populations with maximal modulations at
      0.10 Hz or 0.25 Hz. No correlations were noticed in the third population
      characterized by a peak of modulation at 0.025 Hz. In all units, the phase of eye
      movement velocity and of neuronal responses were both related to the velocity of
      the visual surround motion. These correlations were also found when varying the
      amplitude of the visual stimulation at a fixed frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT
      400 WORDS)

PMID- 3384033
TI  - Neuronal coding of linear motion in the vestibular nuclei of the alert cat. III.
      Dynamic characteristics of visual-otolith interactions.
AB  - In the present study we have investigated in the awake cat the response dynamics
      of vestibular nuclei neurons to visual or/and otolith stimulation elicited by
      vertical linear motion. Of the 53 units tested during sinusoidal motion at 0.05
      Hz (9.1 cm/s), 1 (1.9%) was responsive to the otolith input only, 13 (24.5%) were
      influenced by the visual input only and 23 (43.4%) responded to both modalities.
      Neurons were excited either during upward or downward animal or visual surround
      movement. Most units displayed a firing rate modulation very close to motion
      velocity. All the neurons receiving convergent visual and otolith inputs (0.05
      Hz, 9.1 cm/s) exhibited synergistic patterns of response. Motion velocity coding
      was improved in terms of input-output phase relationship and response sensitivity
      when visual and otolith signals were combined. Depending on the units, visual
      otolith interactions in single neurons could follow a linear or a nonlinear mode
      of summation. The dynamic characteristics of visual-otolith interactions were
      examined in the 0.05 Hz-0.50 Hz frequency bandwidth. Visual signals seemed to
      predominate over otolith signals at low stimulus frequencies (up to 0.25 Hz),
      while the contrary was found in the higher frequency range of movement (above
      0.25 Hz). The effects of visual stabilization (VS: suppression of visual motion
      cues) was observed in a small sample of units. As a rule, VS induced a reduction
      in the amplitude of unit response as compared to visual + otolith stimulation,
      the lower the motion frequency, the more pronounced the attenuation. VS also
      decreased the amplitude of the otolith-dependent component of response. The
      possible modes of visual-vestibular interactions in single cells are discussed.
      The present study supports the hypothesis that visual and vestibular motion cues
      are weighted according to their internal relevance.

PMID- 3384035
TI  - Control of feeding movements in the freshwater snail Planorbis corneus. II.
      Activity of isolated neurons of buccal ganglia.
AB  - Isolated buccal ganglia of Planorbis corneus are capable of generating a feeding
      rhythm. In the present work, "rhythmic" neurons of different groups (see
      Arshavsky et al. 1988a) have been extracted, by means of an intracellular
      microelectrode, from the buccal ganglia. (1) After extraction, efferent neurons
      of groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and most group 4 neurons generated repeated spikes at a
      frequency controlled by a polarizing current. Any periodic oscillations, similar
      to those during feeding rhythm generation, were absent in these isolated neurons.
      It is concluded, therefore, that these neurons are "followers", that is, their
      rhythmic activity before extraction is determined by synaptic inputs from other
      neurons of the ganglia. (2) Isolated interneurons of groups 1 and 2 generated
      slow periodic oscillations similar to those observed in these neurons before
      their extraction. Subgroup 1e neurons generated smoothly growing depolarization
      accompanied by increasing spike activity; this depolarization was periodically
      interrupted by abrupt hyperpolarization, after which a new cycle started.
      Subgroup 1d neurons periodically generated short series of spikes. Group 2
      neurons periodically generated a rectangular wave of depolarization with spike
      like oscillations on its top. These results suggest that feeding rhythm
      generation in Planorbis is based on the endogenous rhythmic activity of group 1
      and 2 neurons. (3) A pulse of hyperpolarizing current injected into an isolated
      neuron of subgroup 1e stopped the growth of depolarization in the neuron and
      reinitiated the process. This property as well as the character of the synaptic
      interactions of the interneurons (group 1 neurons excite those of group 2, while
      those of group 2 inhibit group 1 neurons; Arshavsky et al. 1988b) determine the
      alternating activity of groups 1 and 2.

PMID- 3384034
TI  - Control of feeding movements in the freshwater snail Planorbis corneus. I.
      Rhythmical neurons of buccal ganglia.
AB  - (1) The buccal mass of the freshwater snail Planorbis corneus, dissected together
      with the buccal ganglia, performs rhythmic feeding movements. Radula movements
      and the electrical activity in various nerves of buccal ganglia were recorded in
      such a preparation. The cycle of radula movements consisted of three phases:
      quiescence (Q), protraction (P) and retraction (R). The activity in the radular
      nerve was observed mainly in the P-phase and that in the dorsobuccal nerve,
      largely in the R-phase. (2) Isolated buccal ganglia were capable of generating a
      feeding rhythm, the activity in buccal nerves being similar to that observed in
      the buccal mass-buccal ganglion preparation, i.e., a burst in the radular nerve
      preceded a burst in the dorsobuccal nerve. The activity of neurons in isolated
      buccal ganglia during generation of the feeding rhythm has been studied with
      intracellular microelectrodes. About 10% of ganglion neurons exhibited periodic
      activity related to the feeding rhythm ("rhythmic" neurons). (3) Rhythmic neurons
      have been divided into 7 groups according to the phase of their activity and to
      the characteristics of slow oscillations of the membrane potential during the
      feeding cycle. Group 1 neurons revealed a gradual increase of depolarization
      during the Q- and P-phases. In subgroup 1e neurons, spike discharges began in the
      Q-phase, while in subgroup 1d neurons activity started in the P-phase. During the
      R-phase, group 1 neurons were strongly hyperpolarized, and their discharges
      terminated. In group 2 neurons, small depolarization gradually increased during
      the Q- and P-phases. Then, in the R-phase, a large (20-50 mV) rectangular wave of
      depolarization arose with superimposed high-frequency oscillations. Group 3
      neurons exhibited an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in the P-phase and
      inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) in the R-phase. The neurons of group 4
      revealed two EPSPs: a small one in the P-phase and a larger one in the R-phase.
      Group 5 neurons exhibited an EPSP in the P-phase, those of group 7 - an IPSP in
      the R-phase, and those of group 9 - IPSPs in the P- and R-phases. Neurons within
      each of the groups 1, 2 and 4 were electrically coupled, and in addition, there
      were also electrical connections between neurons of groups 2 and 4. (4) Data are
      presented showing that neurons of groups 1 and 2 are the main source of
      postsynaptic potentials in rhythmic neurons in the P-phase and in the R-phase of
      the cycle, respectively.

PMID- 3384036
TI  - Control of feeding movements in the freshwater snail Planorbis corneus. III.
      Organization of the feeding rhythm generator.
AB  - (1) Neurons of different groups (for group classification, see Arshavsky et al.
      1988a) have been polarized through an intracellular recording microelectrode in
      Planorbis corneus buccal ganglia during feeding rhythm generation. Group 1
      neurons, active in the quiescence (Q) and in the protractor (P) phases of the
      cycle, and also group 2 and 4 neurons, active in the retractor (R) phase, have
      proved to be "influential", i.e., altering the rhythm generator operation. (2)
      Injection of a depolarizing current into group 1 neurons caused an increase of
      the rate of depolarization that neurons of this group exhibit in the Q- and P
      phases of the feeding cycle. As a result, Q-phase shortened, the P-phase became
      longer, and the feeding rhythm accelerated. Opposite effects occurred when a
      hyperpolarizing current was injected into group 1 neurons. In some of the
      experiments, the hyperpolarization of group 1 neurons resulted in cessation of
      both their activity and the activity of all other protractor neurons. As a
      result, the P-phase of the cycle disappeared, i.e., the rhythm generator
      transited from A mode of operation to B mode. (3) With hyperpolarization of
      individual group 2 or 4 neurons, excitation of the R-phase neurons was delayed
      and the feeding rhythm phase shifted. This delay was accompanied by the enhanced
      activity of protractor neurons. (4) A generator model is considered in which two
      groups (1 and 2) of endogeneously active neurons are coordinated by the
      excitatory effect of group 1 on group 2 and the inhibitory action of group 2 on
      group 1. (5) Evidence is given that the different modes of rhythm generator
      operation (A, B and C, see Arshavsky et al. 1988a) are determined by different
      tonic inflow to group 1 neurons.

PMID- 3384037
TI  - Proprioception in the neck.
AB  - Proprioception in the neck was investigated in normal human subjects. Three
      experiments studied rotation of the head about a vertical axis on the body.
      Accuracy of pointing, thresholds for detection of passive movement, and control
      of fine movement were tested. Comparison of the accuracy of pointing at the big
      toe with the nose and with the arm, showed a smaller scatter of angular
      misalignments when pointing with the arm. However, the arm pointed systematically
      off target. Pointing at the target toe by turning the head was not significantly
      more accurate than aligning the nose and toe by turning the chair and body with
      the head fixed. The highest threshold found for the detection of the direction of
      passive movement of the head relative to the body was 1.4 degrees angular
      displacement. Thresholds were highest at the slowest angular velocity and dropped
      as angular velocity increased. When the head was turned on the body thresholds
      were lower than when the body was turned and the head held still. Control of fine
      angular movements of the head and of the distal phalanx of the right thumb were
      compared by measuring subjects' accuracy in guiding a cursor through a path on a
      computer screen by turning the head or moving the thumb. The thumb was found to
      be better controlled than the head.

PMID- 3384038
TI  - Transient asymmetry in the projections of the rostral thalamus to the visual
      hyperstriatum of the chicken, and reversal of its direction by light exposure.
AB  - Asymmetry in the visual pathways from the rostral thalamus to the hyperstriatum
      of the chicken has been found after injecting the retrograde tracer, True Blue
      (TB), into either the left or right hyperstriatum on day 2 or 12, post-hatching.
      There are ipsilateral connections from the ventromedial region of the left
      dorsolateral thalamus, lateral part (DLL) to the left hyperstriatum, and
      contralateral connections from the left dorsolateral thalamus, rostrolateral part
      (DLAlr) and the dorsolateral thalamus, dorsal part (DLLd) to the right
      hyperstriatum. On the right side of the thalamus, the ipsilateral connections
      from DLL to the right hyperstriatum are present, but there are only very few
      contralateral connections to the left hyperstriatum. No asymmetry in these
      pathways is seen in animals injected with TB on day 21. By this age the
      contralateral connections from the right thalamus to the left hyperstriatum have
      developed. Thus, the structural asymmetry in these visual pathways is transient,
      a finding which explains a controversy between two papers published recently in
      this journal, and which adds considerably to our understanding of the behavioural
      asymmetries known to occur in the chicken's response to stimuli presented to
      either the left or right eye. The direction of the asymmetry in visual pathways
      depends on asymmetrical light input to the eyes of the embryo. Normally the head
      of the embryo is oriented such that the left eye is occluded. If the head is
      withdrawn from the egg so that the right eye can be occluded and the left eye
      exposed to light, the direction of asymmetry in the thalamo-hyperstriatal
      pathways is reversed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384040
TI  - Signal-to-noise comparisons for X and Y cells in the retina and lateral
      geniculate nucleus of the cat.
AB  - The spike trains of X and Y retinal ganglion cell axons and neurons in the
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cats were compared to determine if the visual
      signal could be better discriminated from the maintained activity in the LGN
      relative to the retina. Curves for relative or receiver operating characteristics
      (ROC) were derived from the interspike interval data of the spike trains using
      maintained activity as "noise" and visually-driven activity as the "signal".
      Analyses were also made using spike densities and more restricted time intervals.
      Although it was expected that neurons in the LGN might better distinguish the
      signal from the noise, the results of the ROC curve and spike density analyses
      did not bear out this expectation; that is, neither the X or Y cells in the LGN
      provided better discrimination of the visually-driven activities from the
      maintained activities compared to the incoming retinal information. Thus, at
      least in the anesthetized preparation, the LGN does not play a role in increasing
      the signal-to-noise ratio.

PMID- 3384039
TI  - Disconnection of parietal and occipital access to the saccadic oculomotor system.
AB  - The experiment explored the networks through which signals arising from visual
      areas of cortex control saccadic eye movements. Electrical stimulation of the
      inferior parietal and the occipital cortex (here termed the "posterior eye
      fields") normally evokes saccadic eye movements. We replicated previous reports
      that these evoked eye movements ceased after large tectal ablations. This initial
      finding suggested that the "posterior eye fields" depended on a single route of
      access to the saccade generator, one descending through the superior colliculus
      (SC). On closer examination, the critical lesion appeared to be one which removed
      the SC and cut efferents from the frontal eye field (FEF) coursing nearby.
      Subsequently we confirmed that eye movements evoked from the posterior eye fields
      ceased after cooling the SC, or cutting its efferents- but only when one of these
      procedures was combined with FEF ablation. Thus, visual signals from the
      occipital and inferior parietal cortex have more than one, but perhaps only two
      routes of access to the oculomotor system. One passes through the superior
      colliculus, the other through the frontal eye field. Ancillary experiments
      revealed that inferior parietal and FEF ablations, alone or combined, do not
      disrupt saccades evoked from the occipital lobe. Striate and prestriate areas can
      therefore use their own direct input to the SC or to the basal ganglia to drive
      saccadic eye movements.

PMID- 3384041
TI  - Parahippocampal projections to posterior auditory association cortex (area Tpt)
      in Old-World monkeys.
AB  - Retrograde and anterograde tracing methods were used to study the connections
      between the parahippocampal gyrus and the posterior auditory association cortex
      (area Tpt) in the Old-World monkey. Nine monkeys received injections of tritiated
      amino acids in different areas of the parahippocampal gyrus, and three monkeys
      received injections of the retrograde tracer fast blue in area Tpt of the
      auditory association cortex. It was observed that the medial part of the
      posterior portion of the parahippocampal gyrus (area TH) gives rise to
      projections that terminate in layers I-III of area Tpt. Using complementary
      retrograde tracing experiments, the cells of origin for this projection were
      identified in layers V and VI of area TH. The findings reveal a direct structural
      coupling between auditory association cortices and a temporal region thought to
      play a role in learning and memory. These connections may form part of a neural
      system in the monkey that is related to acoustic learning and memory. Homologous
      systems in humans may be involved in auditory learning and language acquisition.

PMID- 3384043
TI  - Disorder in reciprocal innervation upon initiation of voluntary movement in
      patients with Parkinson's disease.
AB  - Reciprocal innervation of the soleus motoneurones upon initiation of voluntary
      ankle dorsiflexion was investigated in eight patients with Parkinson's disease. H
      reflex and visually guided step tracking methods were used for testing
      motoneurone excitability and for controlling the timing of movement initiation,
      respectively. While reciprocal inhibition appeared almost simultaneously with the
      agonist electromyographic (EMG) onset in normal subjects (Kagamihara and Tanaka
      1985), facilitation appeared in the majority of patients under the same onset
      condition. It increased slowly, reaching a maximum at about 100 ms after the EMG
      onset. It then subsided slowly at around 200-300 ms, and was replaced thereafter
      by an inhibitory effect. No coactivation of the soleus muscle was detected
      electromyographically. The facilitation between the EMG onset and the onset of
      mechanical contraction was attributed to the direct effect of the descending
      command from the brain, suggesting a certain disorder in controlling the system
      for reciprocal innervation.

PMID- 3384042
TI  - Binocular interactions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly
      paralyzed cats: extraretinal and retinal influences.
AB  - Prolonged periods of monocular paralysis alter the physiology of the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), shifting the X/Y cell ratio so that X cells are
      encountered less frequently than Y cells. The shift in the LGN X/Y cell ratio is
      observed in both the A-layers of both geniculates whether the innervating eye is
      paralyzed or mobile. This change in the LGN has been attributed to a mechanism
      that is sensitive to disruptions in binocular cues. The effects of monocular
      paralysis in the LGN were used to demonstrate that LGN cells possess a
      sensitivity to binocular cues of an extraretinal and retinal source. The removal
      of extraretinal signals, in the form of proprioceptive feedback from the
      extraocular muscles of the mobile eye, by section of the ophthalmic branch of the
      Vth cranial nerve, resulted in an immediate and long-lasting reversal in the
      effects of monocular paralysis. The LGN X/Y ratio was restored to a normal value
      in the layers innervated by the eye with intact proprioceptive inputs as well as
      in the layers innervated by the eye in which proprioceptive inputs were removed.
      In contrast to this, the removal of proprioceptive inputs from the paralyzed eye
      had no effect on the LGN X/Y ratio. The removal of visual inputs from the mobile
      eye by section of the optic nerve resulted in an immediate, but somewhat
      transient reversal in the effects of monocular paralysis. Within the first 25 h
      after optic nerve section, the LGN X/Y ratio was restored to a normal value in
      the layers innervated by the eye with intact visual inputs. A transient reversal
      was also observed when both visual and proprioceptive inputs from the mobile eye
      were removed. These results are consistent with the belief that the LGN is one
      site in the visual pathway where proprioceptive and visual signals from the two
      eyes converge.

PMID- 3384044
TI  - An electrophysiological action of acetylcholinesterase independent of its
      catalytic site.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is released from the cell bodies and/or dendrites of
      dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra. Extracellular AChE can modify both
      the electrical activity of dopaminergic nigral neurones and the associated motor
      behaviour of the animal. These effects seem to be unrelated to hydrolysis of
      acetylcholine, but the underlying cellular mechanisms of these actions of AChE
      are unknown. The possible non-cholinergic action of AChE on the membrane
      properties of dopaminergic neurones was thus investigated by intracellular
      recording from midbrain slices in vitro. Application of AChE resulted in a marked
      hyperpolarization of the membrane accompanied by a decrease in input resistance,
      sometimes preceded by a period of spontaneous firing. Butyrylcholinesterase
      (BuChE) was without effect. AChE pre-treated with an irreversible inhibitor
      (Soman) of its enzymic activity caused similar changes to those seen following
      administration of untreated AChE. It is concluded that AChE can modify the
      membrane properties of nigrostriatal neurones in a way that is independent of its
      ability to hydrolyse acetylcholine. This novel biological property of AChE
      provides a possible mechanism by which this neurosecretory protein could modulate
      the functioning of the neurones from which it is secreted and suggests that other
      'non-cholinergic' actions of AChE might exist.

PMID- 3384045
TI  - Catalepsy after microinjection of haloperidol into the rat medial prefrontal
      cortex.
AB  - To investigate the behavioural role of mesocortical dopamine innervation we
      performed bilateral microinjections of haloperidol into various parts of the rat
      frontal cortex and into adjacent subcortical forebrain structures. Haloperidol
      (2.5 micrograms/0.5 microliter) locally injected into the medial prefrontal
      cortex or into the rostral part of the neostriatum resulted in the development of
      catalepsy as measured in the bar test. In contrast, injections of haloperidol
      into the nucleus accumbens, more caudal parts of the neostriatum, anterior
      cingulate cortex, rostral and lateral parts of the prefrontal cortex and into the
      lateral ventricles failed to induce catalepsy. It is concluded that blockade of
      dopamine receptors located in the rostral neostriatum and in the medial
      prefrontal cortex contributes to the development of haloperidol induced
      catalepsy.

PMID- 3384046
TI  - Effect of AF64A on the cholinergic systems of the retina and optic tectum of
      goldfish.
AB  - AF64A, a presumed selective cholinergic neurotoxin has been used to study the
      effect on cholinergic systems of the goldfish retina and optic tectum. Toxin
      injection in the vitreum and in the optic tectum caused a selective decrease of
      choline acetyltransferase activity in both areas, while no significant decrease
      of glutamate decarboxylase and D-3H aspartate uptake were observed at different
      times after the injections. The effect was particularly dramatic in the retina of
      long term-injected animals, where choline acetyltransferase dropped to
      practically zero level. The ultrastructural analysis showed selective
      degeneration of some neurons in the amacrine and ganglion cell layer of the
      retina as well as of synaptic terminals and neuronal cell bodies in the optic
      tectum. The results favour a selective cholinotoxicity of AF64A in fish nerve
      tissue at doses substantially higher than those found to have additional
      unselective effects in mammals.

PMID- 3384047
TI  - Sustained excitatory synaptic input to motor cortex neurons in awake animals
      revealed by intracellular recording of membrane potentials.
AB  - 1. Most of the intracellular electrophysiological data on cortical neurons has
      been obtained in anesthetized or reduced preparations, and differs from
      observations in awake, intact animals. To determine whether these differences are
      due to experimental techniques or physiological factors, we recorded membrane
      potentials intracellularly from motor cortex neurons in chronically prepared cats
      and monkeys under Nembutal-anesthetized, Halothane-anesthetized, and
      unanesthetized conditions, or during transitions between anesthetized and awake
      conditions. 2. Resting membrane potentials were found to depend on the anesthetic
      state of the animal. Membrane potentials of neurons recorded in awake animals
      were more depolarized than those recorded in the anesthetized state. In the awake
      state membrane potentials were all less than -65 mV. 3. The input resistance of
      neurons recorded in awake animals were significantly smaller than those measured
      in the anesthetized state. Action potentials recorded in awake animals typically
      showed an undershoot (i.e. negative values at peak), implying that voltage
      dependent conductances may be altered. Undershoot of the action potential was
      more prominent in pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) than non-PTNs. 4. These data
      suggested that in awake animals motor cortex neurons, especially PTNs, receive
      sustained excitatory synaptic input or neuro-modulatory activities.

PMID- 3384048
TI  - Frequency and velocity of rotational head perturbations during locomotion.
AB  - We used the magnetic search coil technique to record horizontal (yaw) and
      vertical (pitch) head rotations of 20 normal subjects during (1) walking in
      place, (2) running in place, (3) vigorous, voluntary, horizontal head rotation
      and (4) vigorous, voluntary, vertical head rotation. During walking or running,
      the predominant frequency of pitch rotations was at least twice that of yaw
      rotations. During running, the median, predominant pitch frequency from all
      subjects was 3.2 Hz, but significant harmonics were present up to 15-20 Hz in
      several subjects. Group median maximal head velocity during walking or running
      did not exceed 90 degrees/second. During vigorous, voluntary head rotations
      median frequency for yaw and pitch was similar and did not exceed 2.6 Hz.
      However, group median maximal head velocity during vigorous voluntary yaw
      rotation was 780 degrees/second. Thus, (1) during locomotion, the head is
      stabilized in space incompletely but adequately so that the vestibulo-ocular
      reflex (VOR) is not saturated, (2) during vigorous, voluntary head rotations, the
      maximum head velocity exceeds the range where the VOR can stabilize gaze, (3) the
      frequencies of head rotations that occur during locomotion greatly exceed
      frequencies conventionally used in the laboratory for testing the VOR.

PMID- 3384049
TI  - Grafted granule and Purkinje cells can migrate into the mature cerebellum of
      normal adult rats.
AB  - Cerebellar primordia of different ages (embryonic days of 14 to 20) were
      transplanted into cerebella of normal syngeneic adult rats (Fischer 344). After 1
      12 months (mostly 5-6 months), the host brains were examined by light and
      electron microscopy. In about 80% of our successful experiments, grafted Purkinje
      and/or granule cells migrated into the host molecular layer. Some granule cells
      migrated down along host Bergmann glia, reminiscent of their normal developmental
      migration route. Other granule cells migrated along astroglial processes that
      ensheathed capillary walls. Some grafted Purkinje cells were also located
      ectopically in the host molecular layer. They were identified as graft origins
      autoradiographically. This migration seemed to be encouraged under conditions
      where the subjacent host Purkinje cells had been lost. Where the grafted Purkinje
      cells were located on top of the host molecular layer, their primary dendrites
      faced vertically downwards into the host molecular layer. However, the position
      of the apical poles of migrated Purkinje cell bodies in the deeper aspect of the
      molecular layer varied considerably, suggesting that the orientation of the
      Purkinje cell dendrites is probably determined by the availability of afferent
      fibers. Thus, the present study has demonstrated that Purkinje and granule cells
      can migrate from embryonic cerebellar grafts into the molecular layer of the
      normal, adult host rat cerebellum.

PMID- 3384050
TI  - The effects of gravitoinertial force level and head movements on post-rotational
      nystagmus and illusory after-rotation.
AB  - The effect of Coriolis, cross-coupled stimulation on the vestibuloocular reflex
      and the elicitation of motion sickness depends on background gravitoinertial
      force level (DiZio et al. 1986, 1987; Graybiel et al. 1977; Lackner and Graybiel
      1984, 1986). We have explored whether this response dependency is related to the
      unusual patterns of sensorimotor activity present during exposure to non
      terrestrial gravitoinertial force levels, to alterations in the encoding of head
      movements in different gravitoinertial force environments, or to some combination
      thereof. Blindfolded subjects were exposed to sudden stops after constant
      velocity, vertical z-axis rotation, sometimes with and sometimes without post
      rotational head movements, in the 0 G, 1 G, and 1.8 G force phases of parabolic
      flight. After sudden stops without head movements, the time constant of decay of
      post-rotational nystagmus was significantly lower in 0 G than in 1 G and lower to
      a smaller extent in 1.8 G. Post-rotational head movements decreased the decay
      time constants in 1 G and in 1.8 G, but not in free fall. The same pattern
      emerged for the duration of illusory after-rotation. Systematic changes were not
      found in the peak slow phase velocity of nystagmus. These results suggest that
      tonic levels of otolithic and somatosensory activity in combination with
      canalicular, cervical, and motor activity regulate the velocity storage mechanism
      of the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (Cohen et al. 1977; Raphan et al. 1979)
      and sensations of after-rotation. These same factors are likely to be important
      etiological elements in space motion sickness.

PMID- 3384052
TI  - Contrast sensitivity in rats with increased or decreased numbers of retinal
      ganglion cells.
AB  - Contrast thresholds were measured electrophysiologically on striate cortex in
      normal rats and in rats in which either the superior colliculi were removed
      bilaterally or unilaterally at 5 days of age, or one eye was removed on the day
      of birth. Despite the fact that the collicular ablation leads to the degeneration
      of more than half the retinal ganglion cells, contrast sensitivity was normal in
      this group, with the possible exception of sensitivity at very low spatial
      frequencies below 0.1 c/deg. The result is strong evidence that retinal ganglion
      cells which project to thalamus as well as to mid-brain escape the degenerative
      effects of neonatal mid-brain lesions. The contrast sensitivity of neonatally
      operated one-eyed rats was significantly and substantially better than that of
      normal rats tested monocularly. The increased sensitivity was greatest in the
      cortex ipsilateral to the remaining eye. This supernormal sensitivity is
      presumably related to the increase in the number of ganglion cells in the
      remaining eye, especially those projecting ipsilaterally from the temporal retina
      and which show a five-fold expansion of their terminal zone in the thalamus.

PMID- 3384051
TI  - Neuronal activity in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus of the alert monkey
      modulated by visual stimuli and eye movements.
AB  - The activity of neurons in the dorsolateral pontine nucleus (dlpn) was studied in
      two awake rhesus monkeys trained to participate in a variety of visual and
      oculomotor tests. The visual and eye movement related responses of 73 neurons
      encountered in the more caudal part of the dlpn were analyzed. Thirty eight of
      these could be assigned to one of the three following groups. Visual-only neurons
      (Type 1, n = 10) responded to movement of a broad range of visual stimuli in
      certain preferred directions. Their receptive fields were usually large, not
      restricted to the contralateral visual field and always included the fovea.
      Visual-tracking (VT) neurons (n = 28) discharged in relation to smooth pursuit of
      a small target in particular preferred directions. Nine of these (Type 2) did not
      respond to visual stimulation during stationary fixation. Nineteen VT-cells (Type
      3) discharged in relation to both visual tracking and visual stimulation. In 9 of
      the Type 3 neurons, the preferred directions for visual stimulation and tracking
      were opposite, whereas they were the same in the other 10. Visual responses of
      Type 3 neurons were indistinguishable from those of Type 1 neurons. Testing of an
      additional 9 neurons driven by either visual-tracking or pattern movement was not
      sufficient to allow a definite assignment to one of the groups 1, 2 or 3. The
      distribution of preferred directions for both visual stimulation and visual
      tracking was widely scattered between 0 and 360 deg. Our results suggest that the
      dlpn is a constituent in a cerebro-cerebellar loop important for the generation
      of smooth pursuit eye movements.

PMID- 3384053
TI  - A model system for motor learning: adaptive gain control of the blink reflex.
AB  - An important aspect of the control of movement is how the nervous system produces
      adaptive gain modification. To investigate this problem in a simple motor system,
      we studied lid movement and orbicularis oculis muscle activity in human and
      rabbit subjects during adaptation of reflex eye blinks. The gain of the reflex
      could be increased or decreased, depending upon the nature of the adaptive
      stimulus. Since these gain changes could persist upon removal of the adapting
      stimulus, adaptation appears to result from a modification of the neural program
      subserving the blink reflex. The orbicularis oculis electromyogram revealed that
      the neural modifications producing adaptive gain changes predominantly altered
      the longer latency components of the reflex, while the short latency components
      remained unchanged. Moreover, in two other paradigms that modulate the gain of
      reflexes, habituation and reflex modification, similar changes also occurred
      primarily in the longer latency components of the blink reflex. This result
      suggests that modification of neurons in longer latency, indirect pathways, may
      underlie different forms of motor learning.

PMID- 3384054
TI  - Licking during forced spout alternation in rats: resetting the pacemaker or
      disconnecting the motor output?
AB  - Rats trained to alternate between two adjacent drinking spouts (each spout is
      retracted after a single lick and presented again after the animal has licked at
      the other spout) emit 2.5 licks instead of the optimum 1 lick per spout
      presentation. The question whether the pacemaker of licking is reset or continues
      to run during transition between spouts was addressed in three experiments
      performed in 10 highly overtrained rats. Videorecording analysis of oro-facial
      activities showed that the rat's mouth was firmly closed during the 500 ms
      transition between spouts. EEG was recorded from the region of hypoglossal
      nucleus with implanted bipolar electrodes during continued licking at one spout
      and during spout alternation. Averaging (n = 256, 1024 ms) centered around the
      onset of the first lick at the newly contacted spout showed 2-3 lick related
      potentials in the post-transitional interval whereas only one such wave
      occasionally appeared at the end of the pre-transition period. Computer plotted
      distributions of post-transition licks (timed with respect to the last pre
      transition lick) were examined while the horizontal or vertical distance between
      spouts was increased. Growing spout separation changed the height but not the
      timing of the modes of the post-transition lick distribution. This phase-locked
      synchronization of pre- and post-transition licks indicates that the central
      timing network of the lick generator is not reset but continues to run during
      transition between spouts and that the cessation of tongue movements is due to
      inhibition of the intracycle pattern generator and motor output.(ABSTRACT
      TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID- 3384055
TI  - Reduction in perceived intensity of cutaneous stimuli during movement: a
      quantitative study.
AB  - The effect of movement of the index finger on the perceived intensity of trains
      of electrical stimuli to the digital nerves of the same finger was studied
      quantitatively using a novel intramodality stimulus-matching task. Subjects
      consistently were able to match reliably the perceived intensity of stimuli
      delivered on the 'reference' side with that of stimuli delivered simultaneously
      to the digital nerves of the index finger on the other ('matching') side. Both
      active and passive movement of the index finger (on the reference side) in the
      palmar plane reduced the matched stimulus voltage by about 10% of its control
      value for stimuli at twice the sensory threshold. This reduction in perceived
      intensity did not persist beyond the period of stimulation. An isometric
      contraction of first dorsal interosseous muscle produced a smaller, but
      statistically significant, reduction in perceived intensity. Non-noxious
      electrical stimulation of the digital nerves of the ipsilateral thumb or little
      finger also reduced the perceived intensity of stimuli to the index finger.
      Perceived intensity of stimuli during movement was also reduced, but to a lesser
      extent, when the index finger was stimulated at painful levels. Psychophysical
      studies using open magnitude scaling indicated that the relationship between
      stimulus intensity and perceived magnitude of electrical stimuli could be
      described by a power law with an exponent close to 1.0. Therefore, the percentage
      reduction in matching voltage accurately represents the percentage decline in
      perceived intensity. These results suggest that the perceived intensity of
      cutaneous stimuli to the index finger over a range of intensities can be reduced
      by afferent activity from the hand. The motor command appears to play a
      relatively minor role in modulating the perceived intensity.

PMID- 3384056
TI  - Vertical eye movements related signals in antidromically identified medullary
      reticular formation neurons in the alert cat.
AB  - Short and long lead burst neurons antidromically activated from the rostral
      mesencephalic reticular formation, and synaptically activated from the
      contralateral superior colliculus were recorded in the medullary reticular
      formation underlying the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus. These neurons were shown
      to be related to vertical eye movements, ranging from pure vertical to oblique
      planes. Vertical saccade coding was similar to that of horizontal short lead
      pontine cells. The presence of vertical short and long lead burst neurons in the
      medullary reticular formation raises new questions about the organization of the
      control of eye movements in the vertical plane.

PMID- 3384057
TI  - Premotor cortex and preparation for movement.
AB  - Many cells in premotor cortex change their activity while a monkey waits before
      responding. In the present experiment lesions were placed in premotor cortex in
      order to investigate the information carried by this neuronal activity. The
      monkeys were trained to make one of two movements depending on the colour of a
      cue. There were two conditions: in one they could respond when the cue was
      presented, in the other they had to wait three seconds before responding. The
      monkeys were then retested after the bilateral removal of premotor cortex.
      Animals with premotor lesions performed very poorly under both conditions. It is
      concluded that premotor cortex is concerned with retrieving the response that is
      appropriate given a particular cue.

PMID- 3384058
TI  - Directional asymmetries of human optokinetic nystagmus.
AB  - Optokinetic nystagmus in the four principal directions was investigated on the
      occurrence of directional asymmetries in 7 normal human subjects. Instructions
      were aimed at obtaining a 'stare' type of OKN. The movement of both eyes was
      recorded simultaneously with a scleral sensor-coil method. Subjects viewed a full
      field random dot pattern rotating at velocities of 9 to 57 deg/s binocularly, as
      well as monocularly with either eye. Gain was always less than 0.85 and decreased
      when the pattern velocity increased. Horizontal and vertical nystagmus differed
      in a number of respects. (1) We found no evidence for an overall asymmetry for
      rightward or leftward motion. However, human OKN showed a clear preference for
      upward stimulus motion. Mean gain was ca. 0.15 larger for upward than for
      downward motion. (2) The decrease of the gain of OKN as a function of increasing
      stimulus velocity was steeper for vertical than for the horizontal direction. (3)
      The eyes moved nearly perfectly yoked for vertical pattern movement, irrespective
      of the viewing conditions. In contrast, during horizontal OKN the gain of the eye
      tracking in the nasal direction was higher (by about 4%) than the gain of the
      other eye moving simultaneously in the temporal direction. This difference
      persisted irrespective of the viewing conditions and appears to be motor, not
      sensory in origin. In addition, for any direction of the pattern motion a
      statistically significant increase of the gain occurred when the pattern motion
      was seen binocularly instead of monocularly with either eye.

PMID- 3384059
TI  - Cholinergic neurons containing GABA-like and/or glutamic acid decarboxylase-like
      immunoreactivities in various brain regions of the rat.
AB  - The coexistence of immunoreactivities for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and
      glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was
      revealed in some brain regions of the rat, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase
      method. Consecutive 40 micron thick vibratome sections were incubated in
      different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning
      so as to be included at the paired surfaces of two adjacent sections were
      identified. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for ChAT and GAD or GABA in
      the same cell could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the
      two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. In the retina,
      cerebral cortex, basal forebrain and spinal cord, colocalization of ChAT-like and
      GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactivities was observed in some cell types, whereas
      no such colocalization was observed in cells in the striatum or brainstem. In the
      retina, the majority of ChAT-like immunoreactive (ChAT-LI) amacrine cells
      contained GABA-like or GAD-like immunoreactivity. About half of the ChAT-LI
      neurons in the cerebral cortex showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. In the basal
      forebrain only a small proportion of ChAT-LI neurons (0.6%) contained GAD-like
      immunoreactivity. In the spinal cord, about one-third of ChAT-LI central canal
      cluster cells and about half of ChAT-LI dorsal horn cells showed GAD-like and/or
      GABA-like immunoreactivities. These observations indicate the possible
      coexistence of two classical transmitters, GABA and acetylcholine, in various
      brain regions and spinal cord of the rat.

PMID- 3384060
TI  - Delta-aminovaleric acid antagonizes the pharmacological actions of baclofen in
      the central nervous system.
AB  - The action of delta-aminovaleric acid (AVA) on the muscle relaxant properties of
      baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, was investigated in two experimental models:
      (1) the pathologically increased muscle tone of the gastrocnemius muscle in
      spastic mutant Han-Wistar rats and (2) the Hoffmann (H)-reflex recorded from
      plantar foot muscles after electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in
      barbiturate (60 mg/kg) anaesthetized rats. In both paradigms coadministration of
      AVA (500 nmol/5 microliter) antagonized the muscle relaxant action of
      intrathecally applied baclofen (0.2-2 nmol), but failed to affect the muscle
      relaxant effects of intrathecally injected muscimol (2-20 nmol). In contrast,
      coadministration of bicuculline (1 nmol) did block the muscle relaxant action of
      muscimol, but failed to alter the effects of baclofen. When administered alone,
      bicuculline (1 nmol), or AVA (500 nmol-2 mumol) were without intrinsic action in
      both paradigms. In an additional series of experiments we investigated the action
      of AVA on a supraspinal effect of baclofen. Coadministration of AVA (12.5
      nmol/0.5 microliter) in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus antagonized the
      catalepsy induced by baclofen (ED50 10 pmol/0.5 microliter), as indicated by an
      increase in ED50 of baclofen by a factor of 4.835 and a parallel shift of the
      probit-log dosage regression line to the right. The parallel shift seems to be
      consistent with a competitive mechanism of action of AVA. This study presents
      evidence that AVA antagonizes central pharmacological actions of baclofen at both
      spinal and supraspinal sites without affecting the actions of a GABAA agonist,
      muscimol.

PMID- 3384061
TI  - Experience-dependent modifications of kitten striate cortex are not prevented by
      thalamic lesions that include the intralaminar nuclei.
AB  - It has been shown previously that surgical lesions of the antero-medial thalamus
      interfere with ocular dominance modifications that normally result from monocular
      deprivation in young kittens (Singer 1982). The aim of the present study was to
      determine whether this effect was due specifically to the destruction of the
      visual cortical projections of the anterior intralaminar nuclei. We report here
      that large excitotoxin lesions of the anterior dorsal thalamus have no effect on
      the cortical response to monocular deprivation. These data indicate that the
      intralaminar projection is not essential for ocular dominance plasticity.

PMID- 3384062
TI  - Direct inhibitory projection of pontine omnipause neurons to burst neurons in the
      Forel's field H controlling vertical eye movement-related motoneurons in the cat.
AB  - This study examines the nature of the efferent projection of omnipause neurons
      (OPNs) in the midline pontine tegmentum to medium-lead burst neurons (BNs) in the
      Forel's field H (FFH), both of which exhibit activities related to vertical eye
      movements, using chronically prepared alert cats. Antidromic spikes of the BNs
      evoked by oculomotor nucleus stimulation were suppressed by shortly preceding
      (less than 5 ms) microstimulation within the OPN area including actual recording
      sites of OPNs. Many OPNs were antidromically activated by microstimulation at
      recording sites of the BNs. Furthermore, systematic tracking in and around the
      FFH with the stimulating microelectrode substantiated that the OPNs issued axonal
      branches within the BN area. These results suggest direct inhibitory projection
      of OPNs to the BNs.

PMID- 3384063
TI  - The reproductive system of laboratory animals. International symposium and
      histopathology seminar. Nara City, Japan, 15th-18th April, 1987. Abstracts.

PMID- 3384064
TI  - Mechanisms of fetal alcohol effects: role of acetaldehyde.
AB  - Pregnant rats were treated from day 9 through 12 of gestation with 12.5% ethanol,
      25% ethanol, 1% acetaldehyde, cyanamide (an inhibitor of the enzyme aldehyde
      dehydrogenase), or a combination of cyanamide and ethanol. Embryos were recovered
      on gestational day 12 and were quantitatively assessed on the basis of 16
      recognizable developmental endpoints (morphological scores). The head and the
      crown-rump lengths of the embryos were also measured. Total resorption occurred
      in two animals treated with cyanamide and two treated with cyanamide and ethanol.
      Acetaldehyde and ethanol (at both concentrations) were found to reduce the head
      length of the embryos but had no significant effects on morphological scores and
      crown-rump length. The combination of ethanol with cyanamide caused a greater
      reduction in head length and also significantly reduced crown-rump length, as
      well as the morphological scores. The results suggest that the deleterious
      effects of ethanol could be attributed to acetaldehyde, its primary metabolite,
      although other underlying factors cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 3384065
TI  - Interstrain differences in the responsiveness of mice to glucan with respect to
      hematological effects and manifestations of late damage.
AB  - A study was made of the effect of a single s.c. injection of 4 mg glucan in the
      mouse strains C57BL/10, C3H and a hybrid population of mice. In mice of the
      strain C57BL/10 high responsiveness was demonstrated, manifested in a long-term
      increase in the granulocyte counts in the peripheral blood. These effects were
      accompanied by a fall in the mean red cell volume and the mean corpuscular
      hemoglobin, a fall in body weight, and mortality. 10 weeks after administration
      of glucan histology revealed necrotic foci in the livers of animals of the
      C57BL/10 strain, and an increased amount of the fibrous connective component in
      the pulmonary interstitium. The strain C3H exhibited a low responsiveness in
      respect of the hematological indices, while the hybrids did not show any
      significant response.

PMID- 3384066
TI  - Relation between renal and hepatic excretion of drugs: VII. Hepatic and renal
      excretion of phenol red in thioacetamide-induced acute and chronic liver damage.
AB  - Acute and chronic liver damage was induced in rats by thioacetamide (TAA).
      Centrilobular liver cell damage associated with an accumulation of lipid droplets
      was produced by a single high dose (10 mg TAA/100 g b.m.). Liver fibrosis,
      micronodular and macronodular liver cirrhosis were induced by chronic TAA
      treatment (300 ml/l drinking water for 1.5, 3 or 6 months). Acute administration
      of TAA caused a significant decrease of hepatic phenol red excretion but no
      compensatory increase of its urinary excretion. In contrast, 24 h after bile duct
      ligation renal excretion of the dye increased by about 50%. After chronic
      exposure to TAA for three months hepatic phenol red excretion remained reduced
      and renal excretion raised significantly. This compensatory increase of urinary
      excreted phenol red amounts did not occur after 6 months of TAA treatment,
      probably as a result of additional nephrotoxicity of TAA. Two weeks after
      cessation of TAA exposure for 3 months, hepatic and renal phenol red excretion
      returned to normal. Bile flow per animal increased significantly after 3 months
      of TAA exposure. Apparently this is due to a reduced intrahepatic reabsorption of
      canalicular bile in TAA-damaged liver.

PMID- 3384067
TI  - Cartilage degradation by neutral metalloproteases in experimental collagen-like
      syndrome.
AB  - In this study, we sought to determine the role of neutral proteases in cartilage
      matrix proteoglycan degradation, which occurs during the experimental hydralazine
      induced collagen-like syndrome (c-l-s) in rats. The digestion of endogenous
      proteoglycans by neutral proteases in homogenates of cartilage from rats with c-l
      s has been measured and compared with that of normal age-matched controls.
      Cartilage specimens from the tibial plateau were analysed for DNA and
      proteoglycan content, and neutral proteoglycan-degrading activity, No significant
      difference in cartilage DNA concentration was observed among the rats with c-l-s
      and the controls. Total neutral proteoglycan-degrading metallo-enzyme activity,
      determined by direct tissue assay, was significantly higher in c-l-s cartilage
      than that in control cartilage. Serine protease activity on proteoglycans was
      much lower than that of metalloprotease. The results of this study are consistent
      with the hypothesis that the neutral metalloproteases of cartilage are involved
      in the degradation of proteoglycans in c-l-s.

PMID- 3384068
TI  - Myelin lipids of the rat brain in experimental hypoxia.
AB  - The pattern of cerebral myelin lipids was studied in Wistar rats exposed to mild
      hypoxia (7% of oxygen in a respiratory mixture) for 30 min. The most pronounced
      change involved a marked increase in cholesterol esters and
      lysophosphatidylcholine content in the myelin fraction. The results obtained
      indicate that mild hypoxia induces a lesion of myelin membranes but does not
      provoke the reaction of lymphocytes and macrophages, which by production of
      myelinolytic factors, evoke demyelination.

PMID- 3384069
TI  - The circadian control of calling song and walking activity patterns in male
      crickets (Teleogryllus commodus).
AB  - Calling song and walking activity patterns of the Australian field cricket
      Teleogryllus commodus were simultaneously recorded in LD and LL at constant
      temperature. The results were analysed with respect to their circadian structure:
      (1) Circadian properties were expressed more clearly in singing than in walking,
      with cases approaching arrhythmicity in the latter. Still, (independent)
      circadian control was proven for walking as in most cases the phase response of
      the recorded data was different from that of synthetic data produced by a model
      using the calling song as the only circadian source. (2) The phase angle
      difference between singing and walking rhythm (psi SIN/WAL) was usually smaller
      in LD than in LL, where values in the range of 180 degrees prevailed (Fig. 7).
      However deviations often occurred, during which the slopes of the instantaneous
      phase positions of singing and walking were different for several cycles,
      indicating individual periods. (3) Internal dissociation was also found following
      the exposure to 6-h pulses of low temperature. (4) After unilateral blinding of
      one compound eye during the last larval instar, which leads to splitting of the
      calling song rhythm, internal desynchronization was found between singing and
      walking. Additional removal of one optic lobe resulted in a common period and an
      abnormal psi SIN/WAL close to zero. (5) We interpret the results as follows:
      temporal calling song and walking activity patterns are controlled by the same
      compound circadian mechanism. Its bilaterally distributed pacemakers (Wiedenmann
      1983) may dissociate under certain experimental conditions revealing their
      individual oscillatory properties in either singing or walking.

PMID- 3384070
TI  - Intrapleural injection of elastase: a model for inducing subpleural emphysema?
AB  - Subpleural emphysema induction was attempted by injecting elastase intrapleurally
      into rats and cats. Microscopic evaluation of emphysema (alveolar dilation and
      septal rupture) was compared with a quantification of alveolar dilation (Fawell
      Newman method). The emphysema found in animals treated with an intrapleural
      injection of porcine pancreatic elastase did not appear to be specifically
      located in a subpleural zone, and was identical to the focal emphysema induced by
      an enzyme instillation into the airways. It should be noted that a placebo
      instillation into the feline airways sometimes induced alveolar dilation without
      septal disruption presumably by causing bacterial contamination. Cats were seen
      to be very sensitive to pleural stress since this enzyme injection produced an
      alveolar dilation (increased mean intercept) as significant as that in cats
      treated by an intrabronchial instillation of elastase (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 3384071
TI  - Diel and seasonal rhythms of the heart rate in the common eel (Anguilla anguilla
      L.): role of cardiac innervation.
AB  - Using a computerized system, ECG recordings of eels were made during long-term
      experiments, to show circadian and circannual variations in the heart rate. The
      circadian variations synchronize with the photoperiod. The maximum frequency is
      observed during the dark phase, the peak values occurring just after sunset and
      before sunrise. By using specific blockers--atropine, propranolol,
      desmethylimipramine--the respective roles of neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and
      catecholamines) were evaluated. The results point to the existence of a dual
      nervous regulation of the cardiac function involving a permanent sympathetic
      tone, even in the resting eel.

PMID- 3384072
TI  - Organ blood flow haemodynamics and metabolism of the albacore tuna Thunnus
      alalunga (Bonnaterre).
AB  - Metabolic haemodynamic, and organ blood flow measurements were made in tabled,
      partially anaesthetized albacore Thunnus alalunga. Heart rates were 115 +/- 9
      beats/min: blood pressure 98/75 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic): cardiac output 36.1
      +/- 5 (ml/min/kg): oxygen consumption 3.4 +/- 0.7 (ml O2/min/kg) and cardiac
      contractility (dP/dt) 6342 +/- 822 mm Hg/s. Organ blood flows were measured with
      radiolabelled microspheres. The red muscle, kidney, and spleen received the
      highest flows and the white-muscle the least. There was a flow gradient in the
      white-muscle with the inner portion near the red-muscle receiving the highest
      flows. Arterial and venous blood gas measurements showed a reverse temperature
      effect on arterial PO2 and a P50 of 15.9 Torr corrected to 37 degrees C. Red
      muscle temperature was 7 degrees C higher than ambient water temperature. These
      measurements record the albacore's markedly high cardiovascular capability.

PMID- 3384073
TI  - Cold exposure of the pregnant rat and neonatal respiration.
AB  - Pregnant rats were exposed to a cold environment (4 degrees C for almost the
      whole pregnancy) and the effects on the newborn rats' ventilation, metabolic rate
      and morphological lung appearance were examined. In cold-exposed rats oxygen
      consumption (VO2) increased during pregnancy and was 23% more than in control
      rats 1 day after delivery. All pups were born at term in litters of similar size.
      At 2-4 days after birth, in the pups born from cold-exposed mothers ("cold"
      pups), body weight (BW) and lung weight (LW) were reduced, with respect to
      control newborns, in a similar proportion. In "cold" pups the mean chord of
      subpleural alveoli was larger and lung volume smaller than in control pups. Both
      specific minute ventilation (VE/kg), measured by flow plethysmography, and
      specific oxygen consumption (VO2/kg), measured manometrically, were similar
      between the two groups. However, tidal volume/BW was smaller and breathing
      frequency higher in "cold" pups, a breathing pattern which appears necessary to
      fulfil normal metabolic requirements despite lung immaturity. These results
      suggest that cold exposure during pregnancy represents a maternal stress which
      results in somatic and pulmonary underdevelopment of the neonate.

PMID- 3384074
TI  - Influence of gestational hormones on Trypanosoma musculi infection of the mouse.
AB  - When mice were infected with Trypanosoma musculi during the second week of
      pregnancy, the level of parasitemia was significantly higher than in controls.
      Progesterone and estradiol injected daily into normal virgin mice during the
      course of infection did not modify the parasitemia. Daily injections of low-dose
      hydrocortisone into infected mice produced elevated parasitemias although these
      never reached the levels obtained during pregnancy. It is postulated that
      systemic levels of gestational hormones are only a minor contributing factor for
      elevated parasitemia.

PMID- 3384075
TI  - Comparison between a new once-daily, bronchodilating drug, bambuterol, and
      terbutaline sustained-release, twice daily.
AB  - Bambuterol is a prodrug, from which terbutaline is slowly generated. The
      objectives of the study were to evaluate whether bambuterol, given once daily,
      can control symptoms in asthmatic patients and to compare the bronchodilating
      effect and the side effects with those of terbutaline sustained-release (SR)
      tablets given twice daily. Twenty-five out-patients with bronchial asthma were
      treated during two consecutive 14-day periods with either 30 mg bambuterol
      tablets once every evening or 2 x 5 mg terbutaline SR tablets morning and
      evening. The study had a double-blind, cross-over and randomized design. The mean
      evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (i.e. 24 h after intake of bambuterol
      and 12 h after intake of terbutaline SR) was significantly (p less than 0.001)
      higher during bambuterol than during terbutaline treatment (432 vs 415 l/min).
      The need for beta-adrenoceptor agonist aerosol in the daytime was significantly
      (p less than 0.05) lower during treatment with bambuterol once daily (0.70 puffs)
      than with terbutaline SR b.i.d. (1.04 puffs). The type and intensity of the side
      effects were the same during both treatments.

PMID- 3384077
TI  - Effects of diffuse pleural thickening on respiratory mechanics.
AB  - Five patients with radiographic and computed tomography (CT) evidence of
      extensive pleural thickening were studied. All had a restrictive ventilatory
      defect. The single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) was reduced in
      each case (mean 76% predicted) but in four patients the transfer coefficient
      (KCO) was increased (mean 116% predicted), which is consistent with lung 'en
      cuirasse'. Static pressure-volume curves of the lungs showed that the maximum
      transpulmonary pressure was greater than normal and pulmonary compliance was
      reduced; the curves were therefore indistinguishable from those obtained in
      patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Transdiaphragmatic pressures during maximal
      inspiratory efforts were moderately impaired and the proportions of each tidal
      breath contributed by anterposterior (AP) motion of rib cage and abdomen were
      similar to normal in both erect and supine postures, suggesting that
      diaphragmatic mobility was well preserved.

PMID- 3384076
TI  - Heterogeneous ventilation and perfusion: a sensitive indicator of lung impairment
      in nonsmoking coal miners.
AB  - Twenty life-long nonsmoking West Virginia coal-miners participated in a study to
      amplify the role of focal irregularities on regional ventilation (V) and
      perfusion (Q) and to develop an improved method for the early detection of coal
      workers' pneumoconiosis. Their mean age was 59.3 yr and they averaged 35.2 years'
      exposure to coal dust. Conventional pulmonary function tests were supplemented by
      measurement of V, Q and lung volume (V), using radioactive Kr-81m, Tc-99m MAA and
      Xe-127, respectively, to determine regional abnormalities in lung function. A
      computer analysis of the regional distributions of V/V, Q/V and V/Q was
      performed, and their topographical distributions and indices of heterogeneity
      (HI) computed. V/V and Q/V were significantly reduced in the lower third, and
      increased in the upper two-thirds of the miners' lungs; V/Q was reduced in the
      upper half. The miners' V/V and Q/V were more heterogeneous (p less than 0.001)
      than that of eleven age-matched controls, with mean ventilation HI values of
      0.190 +/- 0.027 and 0.133 +/- 0.011, respectively, and mean perfusion HI values
      of 0.206 +/- 0.022 and 0.164 +/- 0.041, respectively. P(A-a)O2 correlated
      positively (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001) with ventilation HI. Gas exchange was
      the most significant functional measurement, being abnormal in 19/20 subjects. In
      contrast, conventional spirometric measurements were within the predicted normal
      limits in all but four miners.

PMID- 3384078
TI  - Respiratory heat/water loss alone does not determine the severity of exercise
      induced asthma.
AB  - Respiratory heat loss (RHL) or water loss (RWL) have been proposed as possible
      triggering factors in exercise and hyperventilation-induced asthma (EIA and HIA).
      It has recently been demonstrated that exercise intensity and climatic factors
      are both important in determining the severity of EIA. Eight young asthmatics
      performed both exercise and isocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) manoeuvres under
      identical climatic conditions, as part of our investigation of these interactive
      factors which determine the severity of the asthmatic response. It was found
      that, when challenged at low ventilatory levels, exercise produced a
      significantly attenuated asthmatic response compared to IHV. The fall in forced
      expired volume in 1 sec (delta FEV1) following exercise was 15 +/- 4% as compared
      with 27 +/- 3% after IHV (p less than 0.002). It is concluded that while the
      hypernoea in exercise may serve as a trigger, exercise per se introduces an
      additional factor which serves to limit the full response seen with IHV. This
      attenuated response is revealed at low ventilatory levels but is masked at high
      levels.

PMID- 3384080
TI  - Upper respiratory tract involvement in sarcoidosis and its management.
AB  - Of some 750 sarcoidosis patients, 27 were found to have involvement of their
      nasal mucosa. Most had multisystem disease, which was usually chronic. Nasal
      stuffiness or blockage and crusting were the major symptoms, and were usually
      present at the first presentation with sarcoidosis. The larynx was involved in
      five cases. The Kveim test was positive in twelve of the fourteen patients in
      whom it was performed, serum angiotensin converting enzyme was frequently
      elevated and sinus radiographs were often abnormal. Topical medication improved
      symptoms in some patients, but the majority required systemic corticosteroids. It
      was possible to withdraw medication completely after seven years in only one
      patient. Relapse was encountered during reduction of dosage in other patients.
      Random biopsy of macroscopically normal nasal mucosa did not yield histological
      support for a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in twelve out of thirteen patients, but
      upper respiratory tract lymphoid tissue may contain granulomas in patients with
      sarcoidosis.

PMID- 3384079
TI  - Orientation of human respiratory cilia.
AB  - Ciliary orientation was studied on the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity
      or the sphenoidal sinus of ten adult nonsmokers without respiratory disease. The
      ciliary orientation was evaluated from micrographs by measuring the angle between
      the plane defined by the central tubules and reference line (with a semiautomatic
      image analyser (IBAS I]. The standard deviation of the angles of cilia population
      was counted in every field. The standard deviation of the measurements described
      the ciliary alignment. It varied from 12.1-41.2 degrees. The mean standard
      deviation was 27.3 +/- 7.4 degrees. 58% of all measured cilia were within +/- 0
      20 degrees of the mean and 85% of cilia were within +/- degrees. However, a few
      cilia or small groups of cilia were found in most fields which differed
      dramatically from the main orientation. The size of these groups was always less
      than ten cilia. On the normal respiratory epithelium the standard deviation of
      ciliary orientation varies between +/- 10-40 degrees (at about 97% probability).
      For diagnostic conclusions more than 60 cilia should be measured.

PMID- 3384081
TI  - Benign clear cell tumour of the lung--intermediate filament typing as a tool in
      differential diagnosis.
AB  - A case of a benign clear cell ('sugar') tumour of the lung in a 61-year-old woman
      is presented. Characteristic routine histological features are provided and
      problems concerning differential diagnosis are discussed. Immunohistochemical
      stainings for the intracytoplasmatic intermediate filament proteins keratin and
      vimentin in our patient suggest a mesenchymal origin for this rare pulmonary
      neoplasm, and provide useful diagnostic aid in inconclusive cases.

PMID- 3384082
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of oxyphenbutazone by using the benzidine
      rearrangement followed by indophenol formation and solvent extraction.

PMID- 3384083
TI  - Quantitative high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of guanabenz and
      mephruside in pharmaceutical formulations.

PMID- 3384084
TI  - Behaviour of doxorubicine in O/W and W/O microemulsions.

PMID- 3384085
TI  - Identification of proteins of the 40 S ribosomal subunit involved in interaction
      with initiation factor eIF-2 in the quaternary initiation complex by means of
      monospecific antibodies.
AB  - Monospecific polyclonal antibodies against seven proteins of the 40 S subunit of
      rat liver ribosomes were used to identify ribosomal proteins involved in
      interaction with initiation factor eIF-2 in the quaternary initiation complex
      [eIF-2 X GMPPCP X [3H]Met-tRNAf X 40 S ribosomal subunit]. Dimeric immune
      complexes of 40 S subunits mediated by antibodies against ribosomal proteins S3a,
      S13/16, S19 and S24 were found to be unable to bind the ternary initiation
      complex [eIF-2 X GMPPCP X [3H]Met-tRNAf]. In contrast, 40 S dimers mediated by
      antibodies against proteins S2, S3 and S17 were found to bind the ternary
      complex. Therefore, from the ribosomal proteins tested, only proteins S3a,
      S13/16, S19 and S24 are concluded to be involved in eIF-2 binding to the 40 S
      subunit.

PMID- 3384086
TI  - Tissue specific opsonins for phagocytic cells and their different affinity for
      cholesterol-rich liposomes.
AB  - In accordance with the finding of our in vivo experiments reported earlier
      [(1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 761, 142-157; (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 888,
      184-190], the results of in vitro experiments show that Kupffer cells avidly take
      up cholesterol-poor but not cholesterol-rich liposomes, whereas splenic
      phagocytic cells take up preferentially cholesterol-rich rather than cholesterol
      poor liposomes in the presence of serum. Evidence presented here suggests that
      serum contains opsonins specific for hepatic and splenic phagocytic cells and
      these opsonins have different affinities for cholesterol-rich and cholesterol
      poor liposomes.

PMID- 3384087
TI  - The phosphatidylcholine pathway of diacylglycerol formation stimulated by phorbol
      diesters occurs via phospholipase D activation.
AB  - Agonist-induced degradation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) is of interest as this
      pathway of diacylglycerol (DG) generation may provide added opportunities for the
      regulation of protein kinase C (PKC). In REF52 cells [3H]myristic acid is
      preferentially incorporated into PC; this, coupled with the use of [3H]choline,
      allows for quantitation of both the water-soluble and the lipid products
      generated when PC is degraded. In cells prelabeled with [3H]choline, TPA
      stimulated a time-dependent release, into the medium, of choline and not
      phosphocholine or glycerophosphocholine. Treatment of [3H]myristic acid-labeled
      cells with either phorbol diesters, sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, or vasopressin
      elicited the formation of labeled phosphatidate (PA) and DG. The temporal pattern
      of PC hydrolysis in cells treated with TPA is indicative of a precursor (PA)
      product (DG) relationship for an enzymatic sequence initiated by phospholipase D.
      Adding propranolol, a phosphatidate phosphohydrolase inhibitor, eliminated TPA
      induced DG formation, whereas PA generation was unaffected. From these data we
      conclude that TPA elicits DG formation from PC by the sequential actions of
      phospholipase D and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.

PMID- 3384088
TI  - Effect of calcium and temperature on mixed lipid-valinomycin monolayers. A
      comparison of glycosphingolipids (ganglioside GT1b, sulphatides) and
      phosphatidylcholine.
AB  - The influence of calcium and temperature on pure lipid (bovine brain PC,
      sulphatides, ganglioside GT1b), valinomycin and mixed lipid-valinomycin
      monolayers at the air/water interface was studied. In mixed films, evidence was
      found that the two components were miscible. On the other hand, at higher surface
      pressures, phase separation occurs in the cases of PC and sulphatides. Measuring
      the area requirement and the collapse pressure the stability of both lipid and
      the peptide was increased in particular due to ganglioside-valinomycin
      interaction. The addition of 10(-5) M calcium into the subphase at 20 and 37
      degrees C and surface pressures of 10 and 20 mN/m led to a condensing effect in
      ganglioside mixtures, with formation of aggregates as indicated also by the
      nearly ideal behaviour of two component monolayers.

PMID- 3384089
TI  - Phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins by protein kinase C.
AB  - The low molecular mass (70 kDa) subunit of neurofilaments (NF-L) contains at
      least three phosphorylation sites in vivo and is phosphorylated by multiple
      kinases in a site-specific manner [(1987) J. Neurochem. 48, S101; Sihag, R.K. and
      Nixon, R.A. submitted]. In this study, we observed that the three subunits of
      neurofilament proteins from retinal ganglion cell neurons are substrates for
      purified mouse brain protein kinase C. Two-dimensional alpha-chymotryptic
      phosphopeptide map analyses of the NF-L subunit demonstrated that protein kinase
      C phosphorylates four polypeptide sites, two of which incorporate phosphate when
      retinal ganglion cells are pulse-radiolabeled with [32P]orthophosphate in vivo.

PMID- 3384090
TI  - Crystallization of cytochrome P-450scc from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria.
AB  - Cytochrome P-450scc (P-450scc), a cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme from
      bovine adrenocortical mitochondria, has been crystallized for the first time.
      Upon removal of glycerol from the solution of the native enzyme complexed with
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) by microdialysis against distilled water, reddish
      and planar crystals appeared. The crystals of native P-450scc were also obtained
      by the same procedure. We identified the crystals as the P-450scc-PLP complex or
      native P-450scc by absorption spectroscopy and SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and characterized them under a polarization microscope.

PMID- 3384092
TI  - Isolation and characterization of two novel calcium-dependent phospholipid
      binding proteins from bovine lung.
AB  - Two calcium-dependent proteins of apparent Mr 32,000 and 34,000 were isolated
      from bovine lung. Approx. 70 mg/kg of each was obtained. Two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of 8 M urea showed their apparent p/values to be
      5.1 and 5.0, respectively. Both proteins are related immunologically to
      calelectrin from Torpedo marmorata. They also have very similar amino acid
      compositions to calelectrin. Partial sequence information shows that both
      proteins contain the highly conserved sequence described for the annexins, a new
      family of calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins. In common with other
      members of this family, the new proteins bind to acidic phospholipids in a
      calcium-dependent manner.

PMID- 3384091
TI  - Phenobarbital, dexamethasone and benzanthracene induce several cytochrome P450
      mRNAs in rat hepatoma cells.
AB  - Hepatoma cells derived from the Reuber H35 rat hepatoma express cytochrome P450
      enzymes of two major families: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible forms
      are found in both differentiated and dedifferentiated cells while phenobarbital
      (PB)-inducible forms are found only in differentiated cells. We report here that
      (i) benzanthracene and PB induce P450 c mRNA in differentiated and
      dedifferentiated cells and (ii) dexamethasone and PB induce P450 b/e and/or P450
      PB1 mRNAs in differentiated cells but not in dedifferentiated cells.

PMID- 3384093
TI  - The mitochondrial probe rhodamine 123 inhibits in isolated hepatocytes the
      degradation of short-lived proteins.
AB  - The fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) decreases the intracellular ATP levels
      and also inhibits the degradation of short-lived proteins in isolated
      hepatocytes. This inhibition affects lysosomal and, to some extent, non-lysosomal
      mechanisms. The degradation of short-lived proteins decreases more when ATP
      levels are less than 40% of those in control cells, in contrast to the reported
      linear correlation between ATP levels and degradation of long-lived proteins.
      R123 provides a powerful probe for clarifying the proteolytic mechanisms involved
      in degradation of short-lived proteins and the ATP requirements in protein
      degradation. Indeed, as illustrated, the results suggest different mechanisms for
      the degradation of short- and long-lived proteins. Moreover, they provide a
      warning for the clinical use of this reagent.

PMID- 3384094
TI  - Relationship of promagainin to three other prohormones from the skin of Xenopus
      laevis: a different perspective.
AB  - We observed a striking sequence similarity between precursors for promagainin and
      procaerulein type I (excluding the caerulein peptide region). Additional
      comparisons of the promagainin precursor with those of other procaeruleins,
      proxenopsin, and peptide-Gly-Leu-amide revealed that all possess one or more
      copies of a structurally similar spacer module, from which an amphiphilic spacer
      peptide is cleaved. Promagainin yields the magainins, spacer peptides with
      antimicrobial activity; we suggest other spacer peptides may have similar
      activity. We propose that the genes for the four kinds of hormones were derived
      from a common ancestral gene through gene and exon duplications and that the
      procaerulein and proxenopsin genes are mosaic genes in which the original 3'-ends
      were replaced by exon shuffling.

PMID- 3384096
TI  - Analysis of intrasugar interproton NOESY cross-peaks as an aid to determine sugar
      geometries in DNA fragments.
AB  - A systematic analysis of the conformation of deoxyribofuranose rings in DNA
      fragments has been described using two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect
      spectroscopy (2D NOESY). The approach is based on the interpretation of the
      intrasugar proton-proton distances which can be estimated using a low-mixing-time
      pure-absorption mode w1-scaled NOESY spectrum. The experimental distances are
      compared with the theoretical values calculated as a function of pseudorotation
      phase angle (P) describing the sugar geometries. The approach can be used as a
      complementary aid to J couplings for establishing sugar conformations in
      individual nucleotide units of DNA fragments. Using this strategy on d
      ACATCGATGT, we observed that individual nucleotides exhibit O4'-endo sugar
      pucker. The results rule out possibilities of the existence of a fast equilibrium
      (on the NMR time scale) between C2'-endo (or S-domain) and C3'-endo (or N-domain)
      sugar puckers.

PMID- 3384095
TI  - Palmitate-binding, serum albumin-like proteins in salmonids.
AB  - There has been considerable controversy over the existence of serum albumin in
      fish. One of the physiological functions of albumin is to bind free fatty acids.
      This characteristic was used to screen the plasma of seven species of salmonids.
      Each species contains a protein fraction that (i) binds palmitate, (ii) has a
      molecular mass similar to that of human serum albumin, and (iii) is one of the
      most rapidly migrating proteins when salmonid plasma is subjected to anodal
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We conclude therefore, that salmonids have
      serum albumins that are homologous to the serum albumin of higher vertebrates.

PMID- 3384097
TI  - Cysteine proteases: the S2P2 hydrogen bond is more important for catalysis than
      is the analogous S1P1 bond.
AB  - High hydrophobicity of the second amino acid N-terminal to the scissile bond (P2
      residue) is generally considered to be the major factor in the specificity of the
      substrates for cysteine proteases of the papain family. To examine the catalytic
      contribution of the S2P2 hydrogen bond apparent from X-ray crystallographic
      studies, the kinetics of Z-Phe-Gly-OEt and its thiono derivative were compared.
      The thiono compound contains a sulfur atom in place of the carbonyl oxygen of the
      phenylalanine residue. It was found that the specificity rate constants for the
      reactions of the thiono substrate with various cysteine proteases are lower by 2
      3 orders of magnitude as compared to the corresponding rate constants for the oxo
      substrate. This remarkable effect is not expected in the light of previous
      studies indicating that the change from oxygen to sulfur in the P1 residue was
      without an appreciable effect. The results are interpreted in terms of a
      distorted binding of the thiono substrate.

PMID- 3384099
TI  - Effect of amrinone on myocardial mitochondria function.
AB  - The effect of amrinone on cardiac mitochondria of guinea pig was studied. It was
      found that amrinone does not change the respiratory function of cardiac
      mitochondria in the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate, whereas it inhibits
      glutamate oxidation. It was also found that amrinone strongly inhibits the
      activity of glutamic dehydrogenase of both crude extract from sonicated heart
      mitochondria and of purified preparation from bovine liver. This inhibition may
      explain the effect of amrinone on the oxidation of glutamate in mitochondria.
      These results are discussed in view of the contradictory effects of amrinone on
      cardiac and other tissues.

PMID- 3384098
TI  - Isolation and partial characterization of prothymosin alpha from porcine tissues.
AB  - Prothymosin alpha, an immunoactive polypeptide of 12 kDa, has been isolated from
      porcine thymus, spleen, lung and kidney. It lacks aromatic and sulfur-containing
      amino acids and has a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids. Tryptic
      digestion of porcine thymus prothymosin alpha yielded peptides which on
      separation, amino acid analysis and alignment with the known sequence of
      prothymosin alpha from rat and man showed that the amino terminal portion of the
      molecule is conserved and the few differences present are confined to the carboxy
      terminal.

PMID- 3384100
TI  - Is the acetylcholine releasing protein mediatophore present in rat brain?
AB  - Mediatophore is a protein purified from the nerve terminal membranes of Torpedo
      electric organ. It confers to artificial membranes a calcium-dependent mechanism
      that translocates acetylcholine. When similar reconstitution experiments are
      applied to rat brain synaptosomal membranes they reveal the presence of
      mediatophore activity with properties close to those described for the Torpedo
      protein (extractability, sensitivity to calcium, and effect of the drug
      cetiedil). The activity was more abundant in synaptosomal membranes than in
      mitochondrial or myelinic membranes and in cholinergic areas as compared to
      cerebellum.

PMID- 3384101
TI  - Taurine and neuronal resistance to hypoxia.

PMID- 3384103
TI  - The gamete and embryo compatibility of various synthetic polymers.
AB  - Several popular and well-characterized polymeric materials were evaluated for
      their biocompatibility toward the cells unique to reproduction. To accomplish
      these studies, several in vitro tests were developed that evaluated
      biocompatibility between the polymers and spermatozoa, ova, and embryos. The data
      indicated significant differences between the materials with respect to their
      biocompatibility toward sperm motility, the sperm's ability to penetrate zona
      free hamster eggs, and the ability of two-cell mouse embryos to divide.
      Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE-Teflon; PTFE, Chemplast Inc., Wayne, NJ),
      polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) appear to be
      the most inert of the materials studied. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC; Tygon-Norton,
      Akron, OH) was found to be the most detrimental material toward gametes and
      embryos, with gross physiologic and morphologic changes observed in the PVC
      exposed cells.

PMID- 3384104
TI  - Luteal phase sera and progesterone enhance sperm penetration in the hamster egg
      assay.
AB  - The hormonal factors responsible for variation in sperm penetration rates of zona
      free hamster ova caused by the use of human sera were investigated. Sera obtained
      at different times in the menstrual cycle, 17-beta estradiol (E2), or
      progesterone (P) was added to Biggers Whitten and Whittingham (BWW) medium used
      for the sperm penetration assay. Luteal phase sera enhanced egg penetration
      significantly when compared with either follicular or preovulatory sera (48.8%
      versus 23% and 25%; P less than 0.01). E2 at concentrations of 2 pg/ml to 2 X
      10(6) pg/ml had no effect on sperm motility or egg penetration. Addition of P to
      control media at final concentrations of 0.5 to 50 ng/ml caused a significant
      elevation of egg penetration (68% to 91% to 96%; P less than 0.01) without
      affecting sperm motility. Since P has been shown to have a direct effect on
      plasma membranes and to bind to spermatozoan plasma membrane, the authors propose
      that P could have a physiologic role during capacitation or sperm egg interaction
      in vivo.

PMID- 3384102
TI  - Interrelationships between plasma hormone levels and the content of total
      protein, gonadotropins and steroid hormones in antral fluids of women undergoing
      in vitro fertilization.
AB  - Follicle development was induced in 41 women with follicle-stimulating hormone
      (FSH) and human menopausal gonadotropin. Blood samples were drawn and follicular
      fluids (FF) were aspirated when two or more follicles attained diameters of 15 to
      17 mm. Levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), FSH, and luteinizing hormone
      (LH) were determined in samples by radioimmunoassay, and relationships between
      the measured parameters in antral fluids and in serum were examined by least
      squares linear regression analysis. Levels of LH in serum correlated with LH and
      FSH levels in FF (P less than 0.005). Concentrations of FSH in serum were
      positively related to levels of LH, FSH, E2, and total protein in FF (P less than
      0.005). E2 levels in serum were predictive of E2 levels in FF only, and levels of
      P in serum were directly correlated with P levels in FF (P less than 0.05). With
      respect to the peculiarly broad range of predictions that could be drawn from the
      FSH content of serum, peripheral FSH provided a better predictive index of the
      chemical composition of antral fluid than did the level of any other single
      hormone measured in serum.

PMID- 3384105
TI  - Modification of the sperm penetration assay using human follicular fluid to
      minimize false negative results.
AB  - Controversy surrounds the hamster test because of its frequent lack of
      correlation with human in vitro fertilization (IVF). This may be due to the low
      percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm that results from the assay's methodology.
      With the use of human follicular fluid (hFF) to increase the proportion of
      acrosome reactions, the penetration rate was raised by an average of 38% in 74%
      of samples from the subfertile men tested. Consistent enhancement prevailed in
      three subfertile patients, who were tested over a 6-month period. Brief exposure
      of the spermatozoa to follicular fluid may more accurately simulate the human IVF
      condition leading to capacitation and perhaps minimizing false-negative sperm
      penetration assays (SPAs).

PMID- 3384106
TI  - Evaluation of granulocyte elastase as a seminal plasma marker for
      leukocytospermia.
AB  - To evaluate the relationship between concentrations of the granulocytic enzyme
      polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase in seminal plasma and the presence of high
      numbers of white blood cells (WBC) in semen, specimens from 118 infertility
      patients were analyzed for each variable. PMN-elastase levels were determined by
      an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and WBC numbers by a recently described
      immunohistologic technique. PMN-elastase levels in seminal plasma correlated well
      with WBC numbers in semen (r = +0.755). A three-step grading system of PMN
      elastase values as low/normal (less than 250 ng/ml), intermediate (250 to 1000
      ng/ml) and high/pathologic (greater than 1000 ng/ml) showed a highly significant
      relationship to a similar WBC number grading system: low/normal, less than 10(5)
      WBC/ml, intermediate, 10(5) to 10(6) WBC/ml, and high/leukocytospermic, greater
      than 10(6) WBC/ml semen. Incubation of semen at 37 degrees C resulted in a slight
      continuous decrease of immunoreactive PMN-elastase at a rate of approximately 10%
      per 3 hours. As all 18 samples with more than 1000 ng PMN-elastase per ml seminal
      plasma showed more than 10(6) WBC/ml semen, PMN-elastase levels above 1000 ng/ml
      were diagnostic for leukocytospermia.

PMID- 3384107
TI  - Quantification and classification of human sperm morphology by computer-assisted
      image analysis.
AB  - A quantitative, semi-automated method for classifying human sperm based on
      objective measurements of head shapes and sizes has been developed. Air-dried
      smears of semen from eight healthy men were stained with the Feulgen reaction and
      283 sperm were selected as prototypic examples of the 10 morphology classes used
      in our classification system. Sperm heads were imaged through a microscope (NA =
      1.3), sampled at 0.125-micron intervals, and measured on an image analysis
      system. Measurements included stain content, length, width, perimeter, area, and
      arithmetically derived combinations. Additionally, each sperm image was optically
      sectioned at right angles to its major axis to give a measure of lengthwise
      heterogeneity of shape. Linear stepwise discriminant analysis was used to
      identify the more powerful parameters and to create a model employing eight
      parameters. The jackknifed classification procedure distinguished normal from
      abnormal sperm with 95% accuracy and correctly assigned 86% of the sperm to one
      of 10 shape classes. Most of the misclassification errors occurred among closely
      related classes. The results demonstrate the ability of automated image analysis
      to classify individual sperm into clinically familiar shape categories.

PMID- 3384110
TI  - Reproductive performance of women after two tubal ectopic pregnancies.
AB  - Twenty-four women who had undergone total salpingectomy due to ectopic pregnancy
      and who subsequently underwent a laparotomy for a second ectopic pregnancy in
      their opposite tube were treated by the author. Treatment consisted of linear
      salpingostomy (n = 20) and partial salpingectomy (n = 4). The intrauterine
      pregnancy rate after linear salpingostomy in women who attempted to conceive was
      50%, and the incidence of a third ectopic pregnancy was 27.8%. These findings
      suggest that linear salpingostomy should be considered in the management of a
      second tubal pregnancy in women with a single tube. The high incidence of a third
      ectopic pregnancy, however, is concerning.

PMID- 3384108
TI  - Effect of the exposure of intrafollicular oocytes to clomiphene citrate on
      pregnancy outcome in the rabbit.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if exposure of rabbit intrafollicular
      oocytes to clomiphene citrate (CC) affects pregnancy outcome after in vitro
      ovulation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo transfer (ET). Ovaries were
      perfused in the presence or absence of CC (10(-5) M) and estradiol (E2, 100
      ng/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 50 IU) was added to the perfusate of
      all ovaries. In vitro ovulated ova were retrieved, inseminated, and transferred
      to host rabbits. Neither CC nor CC + E2 significantly affected hCG-induced
      ovulation or fertilization. CC significantly reduced (P less than 0.025)
      percentage of ovulated ova resulting in offspring. Addition of E2 significantly
      (P less than 0.05) reversed the reduction in offspring associated with CC alone.
      These results may be due to the antiestrogenic effects of CC on the
      intrafollicular oocyte, which compromises postfertilization development.

PMID- 3384109
TI  - In vivo development of transferred mouse embryos conceived in vitro in simple and
      complex media.
AB  - Ovulated mouse ova were fertilized in vitro and cultured to the four-cell stage
      in simple medium (modified Earle's balanced salts solution, EBSS) supplemented
      with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and in complex media (modified Ham's F-10 medium,
      Gibco, Grand Island, NY) with and without human cord serum supplementation.
      Fertilization and cleavage to the four-cell stage were the same for the three
      groups. Embryos in cohorts of six were transferred into oviducts of 14 to 16
      pseudopregnant recipients per group. Pregnancy rates were higher for the EBSS/BSA
      and Ham's F-10 groups (36%) than for the Ham's F-10/cord serum group (19%). The
      percentage of embryos that developed into fetuses in the pregnant recipients was
      also higher for the Ham's F-10 group (47%) and the EBSS/BSA group (33%) than for
      the Ham's F-10/cord serum group (22%). The average fetal weights 17 days after
      transfer for the EBSS/BSA embryo group was 659 +/- 40 mg and for the Ham's F-10
      group was 666 +/- 20 mg, higher (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.003,
      respectively) than for the Ham's F-10/cord serum group, which was 522 +/- 30 mg.
      Although all developmental parameters were lower for the in vitro conceived
      embryos than for a control group of in vivo developed embryos transferred
      directly to pseudopregnant recipients, the cord serum culture conditions were the
      least supportive of normal embryo development.

PMID- 3384111
TI  - Nonsurgical management of unruptured tubal pregnancy with intra-amniotic
      methotrexate: preliminary report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of unruptured tubal pregnancy were managed conservatively by the
      aspiration and injection of 50 mg methotrexate into the amniotic sac with the use
      of a vaginal ultrasound transducer under local anesthesia. Both women experienced
      no pain or side effects and went home within 12 hours. Spontaneous menstruation
      began in both cases within 6 weeks of the procedure.

PMID- 3384112
TI  - Transient liver function tests abnormalities in ovarian hyperstimulation
      syndrome.

PMID- 3384113
TI  - Preliminary results using pentoxifylline in a pronuclear stage tubal transfer
      (PROST) program for severe male factor infertility.
AB  - In vitro trials with washed spermatozoa incubated in medium containing 1 mg/ml of
      the methyl xanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor PF showed improved counts of
      total motile and total progressively motile spermatozoa in cases of
      oligospermia/asthenospermia. Application of this agent in a PROST program for a
      series of nine couples presenting for treatment with histories of failed
      fertilization in vitro resulted in five pregnancies (four singleton, one triplet)
      and the subsequent delivery of normal infants. The results warrant further
      evaluation of this sperm treatment for cases of severe male factor infertility.

PMID- 3384114
TI  - Poisson distribution of sperm among ova.

PMID- 3384115
TI  - Minimal standards for gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). The American
      Fertility Society.

PMID- 3384116
TI  - Treatment-independent pregnancies after cessation of gonadotropin ovulation
      induction in women with oligomenorrhea and anovulatory menses.
AB  - Life-table analysis was performed for the cumulative spontaneous pregnancy rate
      (CSPR) of 56 patients with oligomenorrhea and anovulatory cycles who had been
      treated with gonadotropin for ovulation induction between 1963 and 1985. Twenty
      seven had at least one spontaneous pregnancy, giving rise to a CSPR of 66.4% (95%
      confidence limit [CL] 42.4% to 90.4%) at 115 months for the first spontaneous
      pregnancy, which is significantly lower than the cumulative induced pregnancy
      rate (CIPR) of 88.6% at 23 months for the first course of gonadotropin therapy (P
      less than 0.0001). This fertility potential was not affected by the baseline
      estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, diagnosis, result of
      gonadotropin therapy, and age and menstrual pattern during exposure to
      spontaneous pregnancy by Cox regression analysis. More multiple births occurred
      in the induced pregnancies than in the spontaneous pregnancies (P = 0.005).

PMID- 3384117
TI  - Late postcoital treatment against pregnancy with antiprogesterone RU 486.
AB  - Thirty female volunteers who had experienced an occasion of unprotected
      intercourse in midcycle were given a single oral dose of 600 mg of RU 486 1 day
      before the expected onset of menses. Eighteen of them (60%) had conceived, as
      evident by human chorionic gonadotropin elevation (greater than 2 IU/L).
      Menstrual-like bleeding was induced in 29 women (97%). Only one woman became
      clinically pregnant, and this pregnancy was subsequently terminated by vacuum
      aspiration and curettage. The drug treatment was well tolerated, but it
      lengthened the post-treatment menstrual cycle on average by 4 days. RU 486 thus
      may offer an alternative for postcoital prevention of pregnancy if taken before
      the establishment of menses delay. The lengthening of the first post-treatment
      cycle may invalidate the use of RU 486 as a regular once-a-month contraceptive.

PMID- 3384118
TI  - Laminin and type III procollagen peptide in human preovulatory follicular fluid.
AB  - The levels of laminin P1 fragment, a marker of basement membrane, and of the
      aminoterminal sequence of type III procollagen, a marker of interstitial
      connective tissue, were measured in human preovulatory follicular fluids. The
      concentrations of these peptides correlated with progesterone levels but not with
      those of estradiol or testosterone. Immunocytochemical studies confirmed the
      remodeling of the perifollicular basement membrane and interstitial matrix during
      oocyte maturation. The studies suggest that monitoring of the ovarian connective
      tissue macromolecules could be useful for estimating follicular maturation.

PMID- 3384119
TI  - Cryopreserved zygotes and embryos and endocrinologic factors in the replacement
      cycle.
AB  - Several parameters relating to features of replacement cycles in 88 patients were
      found to influence implantation of cryopreserved zygotes and early cleaved
      embryos. Cryopreserved embryos were replaced in 47 patients with a natural cycle,
      resulting in 12 (25%) clinical pregnancies. Patients who had anovulation or
      irregular cycles received either 50 mg clomiphene citrate on days 5 to 9 or 100
      mg on days 2 to 6; the incidence of clinical pregnancy was 7 of 23 (30%) and 2 of
      18 (11%), respectively. Neither a rise in follicular phase estradiol (E2) nor
      absolute levels of E2 predicted implantation. The length of the follicular phase
      during the replacement cycle correlated well with previous menstrual cycles in 43
      (54%) of the patients, and 16 (37%) of these patients became pregnant. The
      follicular phase was either longer or shorter than anticipated in 39 patients,
      and only 5 (13%) became pregnant: a detrimental effect was especially apparent
      when the follicular phase was shortened.

PMID- 3384120
TI  - Fertilization of human oocytes by sperm from infertile males after zona pellucida
      drilling.
AB  - Infertile couples who had failed to achieve fertilization of oocytes in previous
      trials of in vitro fertilization (IVF) were treated by IVF with zona pellucida
      drilling. Zona drilling entails use of micromanipulation to introduce a gap in
      the zona pellucida either mechanically or by localized application of a zona
      solvent from a microneedle. Ten couples were treated, from whom 63 oocytes were
      recovered for manipulation. Sixteen eggs were denuded of the cumulus oophorus
      only, and the remaining 47 eggs were subjected to zona drilling. Of the 16 eggs
      denuded but not drilled, 4 (25%) were fertilized. Of the 47 oocytes drilled, 31
      survived (67%) and 10 of the surviving eggs (32%) were fertilized. The polyspermy
      rate for drilled eggs that fertilized was high (5/10, 50%), and polyspermic eggs
      were often penetrated by more than two spermatozoa. The remaining five eggs
      fertilized after drilling were diploid fertilizations, and in three cases
      cleavage was followed by embryo transfer, although pregnancies were not obtained.
      These data indicate that zona drilling has the potential for establishing
      pregnancies in instances where treatment by standard IVF would fail. In addition,
      results indicate that the block to polyspermy in human eggs occurs at the level
      of the zona pellucida.

PMID- 3384121
TI  - Spontaneous pregnancies and pregnancies as a result of treatment on an in vitro
      fertilization program terminating in ectopic pregnancies or spontaneous
      abortions.
AB  - Five hundred three patients were accepted for the in vitro fertilization (IVF)
      program from 1983 to 1986. Two hundred ninety-nine patients had a total of 678
      IVF treatment cycles during this period. Eighty-one clinical pregnancies
      resulted, of which 8 were ectopic pregnancies and 19 spontaneous abortions (group
      A). During this period 82 patients accepted for IVF became pregnant
      spontaneously: 44 before treatment and 38 after a failed IVF treatment cycle
      (group B). Of these, 14 were ectopic pregnancies and 8 were miscarriages. The
      main indications for acceptance on the IVF program were similar in the two groups
      if those patients who had a bilateral salpingectomy are excluded from group A.
      Causative factors for the high ectopic pregnancy rate are discussed. The authors
      suggest that after embryo transfer, migration of the embryo or embryos into the
      fallopian tubes occurs more frequently than realized, and the diseased tube is
      less likely than a normal tube to propel the embryo back into the uterus. The
      abortion rate in group B was similar to the rate in the general population.

PMID- 3384122
TI  - Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin as a monitor of pregnancy outcome in in vitro
      fertilization-embryo transfer patients.
AB  - Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was studied to test its predictability
      of pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. The mean +/-
      standard deviation of serum hCG concentration related to the day complete
      clearance of exogenous hCG was derived from 47 single term pregnancies as a
      normal range. This range can be used to predict spontaneous abortion (77%),
      multiple pregnancy (60%), and abortion in multiple-sac pregnancies terminating in
      the birth of fewer infants than the initial number of sacs (80%). The results
      also showed that our stimulation protocol did not affect the clearance rate and
      doubling time of endogenous hCG or implantation time as suggested by the time of
      endogenous hCG detection and that spontaneous abortion may be due to late
      implantation.

PMID- 3384123
TI  - Mechanisms and factors of early pregnancy wastage in in vitro fertilization
      embryo transfer patients.
AB  - Although the pregnancy rate per transfer of the Norfolk In Vitro Fertilization
      Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) program has been reported as between 25% and 35%, the
      viable pregnancy rate per transfer is only 15% to 20%. An understanding of the
      mechanism(s) and etiologic factors of miscarriage among IVF patients might
      suggest changes that could prevent some early pregnancy wastage. Forty-seven
      consecutive single pregnancies and 26 miscarriages (October 1985 to November
      1986) were included in this study. Factors such as implantation time, date of
      corpus luteum rescue (CLR), embryo quality, and corpus luteum activity after
      rescue were studied and compared between term pregnancy and miscarriage groups.
      Results are discussed in detail in this paper.

PMID- 3384124
TI  - [Dynamics of the localization of an evoked potential in the visual cortex of the
      brain of the conscious rabbit in ontogenesis].
AB  - The data obtained suggest that the secondary element of the EP in the rabbit
      brain cortex called by us the "complex of awakening", is more essential for the
      transmission of visual information in early ontogenesis.

PMID- 3384126
TI  - [Background activity of neurons of the intermediate nucleus of the cerebellum in
      cats with parathyroid hypocalcemia].
AB  - Firing rate of unstable type dominated in the cerebellar nucleus interpositus,
      the interspike interval histograms were right-asymmetrical, and the number of
      high-frequency neurons and bimodal 1-rate histograms were considerably increased
      in cats with hypoparathyrosis. Besides, the time interval between adjacent spikes
      was shortened and the probability of occurrence of the next spike was increased.
      The curves of post-pulse probabilities were monotonously raising thus indicating
      that the process under study was not haphazard.

PMID- 3384125
TI  - [Effect of glucose on the polysensory properties of neurons of the ventromedial
      nucleus of the hypothalamus].
AB  - Extracellular recording of unit activity in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus
      performed in anesthetized and immobilized cats revealed the convergence of
      impulses of different modality on these neurons: induced by somatic, visceral and
      sound stimuli. The capacity of hypothalamic neurons (32%) to converge influences
      was increased after i.v. administration of 10 ml of 20% glucose solution. The
      firing rate was increased in 19% cases and the phase of the reaction was reversed
      in 23% neurons. The main type of the responses involved excitation in all the
      cells under study.

PMID- 3384127
TI  - [Primary dominant focus in thirst motivation].
AB  - In cats kept on the salt diet, spontaneous cortical EEG and
      electrohypothalamogram were recorded in stimulation of the tongue, stomach and
      intestine receptors with salt solutions. Longlasting bursts of hypersynchronized
      activity (HA) were recorded in the lateral and supraoptic nuclei of the
      hypothalamus, the bursts spreading over to the brain cortex in longer salt diets.
      The HA also were evoked with light and sound stimuli and disappeared after
      intracavital administration of water or after i.v. administration of saline. A
      primary focus of stationary excitation possessing some features of a dominanta in
      formation of the thirst motivation, seems to appear in the hypothalamus.

PMID- 3384128
TI  - [Characteristics of interneuronal interrelationships among sympathetic ganglia in
      tissue culture].
AB  - The culture of neurons of paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of 3--5 day old
      guinea pigs was obtained, fragments of the ganglia being implanted to adult rats
      recipients. A migration of neuroblasts from the explant area, specific features
      of neurons differentiation with morphological signs appearing, and the growth of
      neurites forming specific growth cones, were revealed as well as genetically
      determined interneuronal connections studied in details by means of electron
      microscopy. The data obtained show the diffusion chambers technique to be
      promising for study of interneuronal connections among extramural ganglia.

PMID- 3384129
TI  - [Role of diencephalic structures in the regulation of cerebral blood flow].
AB  - The effects of electric stimulation of the thalamus, hypothalamus and septum upon
      the CBF, pO2 of brain tissue, EEG, general arterial pressure and pneumogram, were
      studied in 74 rabbits with implanted cerebral electrodes. The stimulation mostly
      resulted in an increase in local blood flow sometimes accompanied by a decrease
      in cortical blood flow. Other parameters under study changed infrequently and
      insignificantly. The regulation of the CBF seems to be maintained by
      intracerebral mechanisms.

PMID- 3384130
TI  - [Role of subcortical structures in the development of vascular and neuronal
      responses of the brain to hypoxia].
AB  - Spontaneous impulse activity, local blood flow and oxygen available were recorded
      in hypoxia in intact and in neuronally isolated cortex in cats. The hypoxia
      affected all three parameters. The increase in firing rate of spontaneously
      active neurons was delayed in isolated cortex as compared with the intact one,
      and the duration of activation phase was prolonged. Two factors seem to induce
      changes of spontaneous cortical activity in hypoxia: activating effect of
      subcortical structures (in initial stages of the hypoxia) and own response of the
      neurons to the oxygen deficiency.

PMID- 3384131
TI  - [Spatial orientation of the structures of the ventral surface of the medulla
      oblongata to the vessels of the crus and small intestine].
AB  - In acute experiments of 22 cats with simultaneous perfusion of the crus and small
      intestine's vessels, the neurocytes affecting the neurogenic tone of the vessels
      were found 2 mm caudal of the middle of exposure of the n. n. hypoglossi roots
      and 6 mm rostral of this level, the depth being 1000-2000-3000 mu ventral of the
      medulla oblongata surface. Cerebral structures situated at the level of the
      middle of exposure of the n. n. hypoglossi roots, 2-4-6 mm rostral of this level,
      at the depth 1000-2000-3000 mu and stimulation of which increases regional
      vascular resistance, are called pressor ones. Electrical activity of the
      neurocytes situated 2 mm caudal of the middle of exposure of the n. n. hypoglossi
      roots, at the depth 1000-2000-3000 mu, mostly decreases neurogenic tone of the
      organ vessels (depressor area). Proportional dependence of the vasoconstrictor
      response of the vessels on the stimulation intensity was only found in activation
      of neurons in the points of pressor area. A greater increase (1.5-fold) of
      perfusion pressure in the crus vessels as compared with the small intestine's
      those in stimulation of comparable points of the pressor area suggests different
      density of distribution of the neurons affecting neurogenic tone of the crus and
      small intestine's vessels.

PMID- 3384132
TI  - [The nature of cardiogenic sympatho-sympathetic reflexes in focal injuries of the
      heart].
AB  - The nature and dynamics of cardiogenic sympatho-sympathetic reflexes in response
      to intracoronary administration of veratrin, bradykinin, and to local immune
      heart injury were studied in anesthetized dogs. The sympatho-sympathetic reflex
      was shown to occur both in vagotomized and intact animals, though in the latter
      case the reflex was transformed due to descending influences from the bulbar
      center. The reflex was the least in case of veratrin administration and it was
      most obvious in bradykinin application or upon focal immune heart injury which
      indicates a greater sensitivity of sympathetic receptors to chemical agents.

PMID- 3384133
TI  - [Role of cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms in the development of contractile
      responses of the small intestines to bradykinin].
AB  - In anesthetized cats with i. a. perfusion of isolated small intestine segments,
      the blockade of N-cholinoreceptors with benzohexonium of M-cholinoreceptors with
      atropine reduced jejunum and ileum contractility induced by bradykinin. After an
      alpha-adrenoreceptor blockade induced by phentolamine, an increase of
      responsiveness to bradykinin was evident whereas noradrenaline stimulation
      reduced the contractility. The blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors with propranolol
      as well as their stimulation with isopropylnoradrenaline also reduced small
      intestine contractility. The bradykinin-induced contractions of the small
      intestine segments seem to be due to the direct action of bradykinin on the
      smooth muscle cells and to the stimulating effect of acetylcholine released from
      the efferent cholinergic neurons. These effects can be modulated with
      catecholamine because of its influence on the excitatory presynaptic beta
      adrenoreceptors and inhibitory postsynaptic alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors.

PMID- 3384134
TI  - [Role of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus in the development of
      cold adaptation in albino rats].
AB  - The role of paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei (PVN) in the development of cold
      adaptation was studied in chronic experiments on white rats. Animals with the PVN
      lesions revealed a low resistance against cooling, a small increase of brown
      adipose tissue mass and no calorigenic effect of noradrenaline after long-lasting
      cold exposure. The data obtained suggest that the PVN lesions delayed the
      development of specific mechanisms of adaptation to low temperature.

PMID- 3384135
TI  - [Release of steroid hormones in vitro by ovarian follicles of various degrees of
      maturity in hens and cows].
AB  - The growth of ovary follicules was accompanied by a considerable decrease in the
      secretion of progesterone, testosterone and estradiol, as well as by a decrease
      of the estradiol share in total hormone production,--both in hens and in cows.
      The hens also revealed a decrease of the testosterone share and an increase of
      the progesterone share in total hormone production. the data obtained suggest a
      functional atresia of the ovary follicules in hens as well as in mammals. the hen
      mature follicules, however, differ from those of mammals in that the progesterone
      secretion is higher in them as compared with other steroids, the progesterone
      being the main ovulatory hormone in birds.

PMID- 3384137
TI  - [Comparison of the intensity of the incorporation of H3-leucine in the secretory
      cells of different parts of the mammary gland].

PMID- 3384136
TI  - [Change in the affinity to iron salts of Ranvier isthmus afferent fibers under
      the action of agents inhibiting impulse activity].

PMID- 3384138
TI  - [Use of a system of automation of physiological research for the elucidation of
      mechanisms of impulse activity of neurons].

PMID- 3384139
TI  - [Bloodless recording of arterial pressure in an animal using continuous strength
      compensation].

PMID- 3384141
TI  - Arbitration--a rational alternative?

PMID- 3384140
TI  - [Measurement of the activity of ions of sodium and potassium in small volumes of
      biological fluids using miniature ion-selective electrodes].

PMID- 3384142
TI  - Doctor-patient arbitration: a proposal whose time has come.

PMID- 3384143
TI  - Thoracic outlet syndrome: a therapeutic approach based on 115 consecutive cases.

PMID- 3384144
TI  - Medical legal case conference: the doctrine of informed consent.

PMID- 3384145
TI  - Is courtesy old hat?

PMID- 3384147
TI  - [Cryotherapy of Fortner golden hamster melanoma A Mel 3].

PMID- 3384146
TI  - The "crack" in the emergency room door.

PMID- 3384148
TI  - [Therapeutic modification of chronic stable psoriasis lesions by a chlorpromazine
      ointment and occlusive dressings].

PMID- 3384150
TI  - Effects of widespread dermatitis and topical steroid therapy on thyroid function
      tests.
AB  - Five patients with extensive dermatitis and 5 normal subjects were treated with
      topical betamethasone valerate 0.1% (Betnovate, Glaxo) 19-34 g daily for 4 days.
      Thyroid functions tests were not affected by the treatment but some patients with
      widespread inflamed skin demonstrated altered serum thyroid hormone levels as a
      result of the euthyroid sick syndrome.

PMID- 3384149
TI  - [Trapidil in the treatment of chronic stable psoriasis].

PMID- 3384153
TI  - Patterns of hair regrowth in alopecia areata.

PMID- 3384152
TI  - Oesophageal pemphigus vulgaris.
AB  - Symptomatic involvement of the oesophageal mucosa by pemphigus vulgaris is rare.
      We describe 1 patient who was treated with oral steroids during a blistering
      phase, when epigastric pain developed. Endoscopy revealed multiple ulcerations
      all over the oesophagus, but gastroduodenal mucosa was normal. The symptoms
      disappeared following cimetidine for gastro-oesophageal reflux and increase of
      steroid dosage. When painful symptoms appear from the upper digestive tract
      during corticosteroid treatment of pemphigus, the possibility of acantholytic
      involvement of oesophageal mucosa must be kept in mind. Its implication for the
      dosage of steroids is opposite that in steroid-induced peptic ulcers. Carefully
      performed upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy is helpful in these patients.

PMID- 3384151
TI  - Eosinophilic pustulosis: a case report.
AB  - A 16-year-old female had a chronic cutaneous eruption clinically characterized by
      papules, pustules and large exudating plaques of 2 years duration. Multiple
      biopsies showed infiltration of the follicular epithelium by eosinophils and
      intraepidermal pustules with neutrophils and eosinophils that were accompanied
      either by acantholysis or spongiosis. Eosinophilia and hypoproteinemia were
      detected. A definite infectious etiology or autoimmune mechanism could not be
      established. Differential diagnosis with other entities that share some clinico
      pathological and immunological features are discussed.

PMID- 3384155
TI  - The humoral defense system in tsetse: differences in response due to age, sex and
      antigen types.
AB  - Inoculation of live Escherichia coli into tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans
      morsitans, stimulated a higher antibacterial immune response in females than in
      males. It increased with age in females from emergence to approximately 2 weeks
      and thereafter declined. In males, there was also a significant decrease in
      immune response with aging. Inoculation of killed bacteria failed to stimulate
      antibacterial activity but stimulated a lysozyme response which was weaker than
      that stimulated by live bacteria. No antibacterial activity was present in the
      hemolymph of larvae from immunized pregnant tsetse. Inoculation of live
      Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. congolense failed to induce production of
      antibacterial activity and lysozyme. Furthermore, tsetse inoculated with or
      naturally infected with T. b. brucei and T. congolense failed to show any
      evidence of immunosuppression when challenged with live E. coli. Various species
      of live bacteria stimulated different levels of antibacterial factors, with
      Enterobacter cloacae stimulating the highest level of antibacterial activity and
      E. coli the highest level of lysozyme. Saline in which certain species of
      bacteria and T. b. brucei were incubated inactivated tsetse immune hemolymph.

PMID- 3384154
TI  - Preliminary characterization and purification of in vitro encapsulation promoting
      factor: a peptide that mediates insect haemocyte adhesion.
AB  - The granular cells and plasmatocytes (PLs) of Heliothis virescens form
      multicellular aggregations in vitro. This allows capsules to form around suitable
      targets. Prior trypsinization of the haemocytes abolishes their ability to
      encapsulate, and this function can be restored by adding plasma to the
      trypsinized cells. Trypsinized PLs were also unable to spread on a planar glass
      surface unless normal plasma was present. Plasma was subjected to a variety of
      treatments to determine the nature of the encapsulation promoting factor (EPF)
      using the in vitro encapsulation system as a bioassay. The data suggest EPF is a
      peptide; it is trypsin sensitive and moderately heat stable. Similar results were
      obtained when using spreading by trypsinized PLs as the bioassay. Dialysis using
      a 3,500 MW cut-off membrane also abolished encapsulation promoting activity.
      Protein-free extracts of plasma (crude EPF) has strong activity in both bioassays
      but does not agglutinate human erythrocytes. A single peak with strong activity
      in both bioassays was resolved after subjecting crude EPF to reversed-phase HPLC.
      This active material was purified after additional HPLC with a different solvent
      system.

PMID- 3384156
TI  - The phagocytic activity of Lumbricus terrestris leukocytes is enhanced by the
      vertebrate opsonins: IgG and complement C3b fragment.
AB  - The effect of the vertebrates opsonins: IgG and complement C3 fragments on
      phagocytic activity of Lumbricus terrestris leukocytes towards sheep erythrocytes
      was studied. Sheep erythrocytes were previously sensitized with specific IgG or
      IgM and coated with one of the third component fragments (C3b, C3bi, C3d) of
      human complement. Our results show that leukocyte phagocytosis was enhanced by
      vertebrate IgG and C3b complement fragments but not by IgM and fragment C3d.
      Because opsonization in vertebrates is related to the presence of receptors on
      the surface of phagocyte membrane, our results suggest that similar receptors
      exist on earthworm leukocyte surfaces. These new data strengthen the arguments in
      favour of the presence of components in Lumbricus terrestris which partially
      share common structures and functions with components of vertebrate humoral
      immune reactions.

PMID- 3384157
TI  - Separation of two different populations of granulocytes of Nereis diversicolor
      (Annelida) by selective agglutination with lectins.
AB  - Methods for obtaining coelomocyte populations from Nereis diversicolor by
      selective agglutination have been developed. Two main types of granulocytes have
      been successfully separated and recovered using respectively galactose and fucose
      specific lectins. 85 to 90% of the separated cells were viable.

PMID- 3384158
TI  - Response to parenteral stimulation in earthworms L. terrestris and E. foetida.
AB  - Injection of different protein molecules into the coelomic cavity of Eisenia
      foetida (E.F.) and Lumbricus terrestris (L.T.) markedly stimulated
      proteosynthesis. A similar but less pronounced increase of coelomic proteins was
      induced by phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In the coelomic fluids of stimulated
      animals a protein was detected which significantly bound to the 125I or
      peroxidase labelled protein molecules used for stimulation. The maximal binding
      occurred on day 8 after primary stimulation. A greater increase was observed
      after secondary stimulation. The degree of binding specificity appeared to be
      much lower than that of vertebrate lymphocyte receptors or antibodies.

PMID- 3384159
TI  - Release of cytotoxic and agglutinating molecules by Mytilus hemocytes.
AB  - Hemolymph of Mytilus edulis is known to contain cytotoxic hemocytes and a serum
      agglutinin. This study describes the occurrence of strong hemolytic properties as
      well as agglutinating activity of a hemocyte extract against different types of
      erythrocytes. The hemolysin purified by preparative disc-electrophoresis and
      subjected to PAGE reveals one band which is also visible in the electropherogram
      of the extract or serum, respectively. Likewise, the serum agglutinin corresponds
      to another distinct fraction of extract and serum. Both, hemolytic and
      agglutinating molecules are detectable in the supernatant of a short-term
      hemocyte culture indicating that these substances are actively secreted by
      Mytilus blood cells.

PMID- 3384160
TI  - Purification and properties of agglutinins from conger eel, Conger Myriaster
      (Brevoort), skin mucus.
AB  - The skin mucus of the conger eel, Conger myriaster, contains galactose-specific
      agglutinins. Hemagglutinating activity is independent of divalent cations and is
      destroyed by heating at 50 degrees C for 15 min. The mucus agglutinins, named
      congerins, are a mixture of proteins with different electrical charges. Three of
      these molecules were isolated by affinity chromatography on acid-treated
      Sepharose 4B and by ion-exchange chromatography. They are simple proteins with
      the same molecular weight of 30,000 and consisting of two subunits (each 13,000
      daltons). The agglutinins inhibited the normal embryonic development of the
      starfish Asterina pectinifera, and lysed the fertilized eggs at a concentration
      of 25 micrograms protein/ml. They also agglutinated but did not inhibit the
      growth of a marine bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum.

PMID- 3384161
TI  - Effects of neonatal treatment with estrogens on the development of the thymus in
      rats.
AB  - In order to study the effects of sex hormones administered during the neonatal
      period on the thymic development we have injected 5 days old female rats with a
      single dose (0.1mg) of estradiol benzoate. The evolution of the thymus gland
      after treatment was morphometrically analyzed. The thymus of the estrogen
      injected animals diminished in size between the 7th and the 15th day, increasing
      afterwards. The cortex was the most sensitive compartment in the thymus to
      estrogenic treatment. Both thymic involution and enlargement were associated to
      changes in the frequency of large lymphoid cells in the subcapsular region and
      variations in the thymic cortex weights. The observed effects are tentatively
      attributed to alterations in the thymocyte differentiation probably due to
      modifications in the secretion of thymic hormones.

PMID- 3384162
TI  - Structural changes in the mouse thymus and lymph node after emetine treatment.
AB  - The effect of emetine which is a potent immunosuppresant was studied on the
      thymus and lymph node. The subcapsular zone of the thymus was depleted and large
      number of adherent cells accumulated in this thymic region. The medulla enlarged
      but the cortico-medullary border remained distinct. In the paracortex (T
      dependent area) of the lymph node many non-lymphoid pyroninophil cells appeared
      which is followed by an increased cell proliferation 24 hours after emetine
      injection. 48-60 hours after administration many macrophage-like cells appeared
      in the medullary sinuses. This macrophage invasion precedes the adherent cell
      accumulation in the subcapsular zone of the thymus suggesting a possible non
      lymphoid (adherent) cell migration from the lymph node's paracortex to the
      thymus.

PMID- 3384163
TI  - Perinatal listeriosis underdiagnosed as a cause of pre-term labour?
AB  - Between April 1, 1985, and April 1, 1986, four cases of perinatal listeriosis
      were reported at the Maastricht Academic Hospital. All cases were of the early
      onset type. All mothers were admitted for pre-term labour between 28 and 33 weeks
      of gestation. Pre-natal symptoms included maternal fever, non-characteristic
      influenza-like manifestations, leucocytosis and (pre-term) meconium-stained
      amniotic fluid. Two neonates died, one in utero and one due to listeriosis
      sepsis. Another neonate developed a hydrocephalus. Only one neonate has survived
      without damage up to now. Such a high incidence of listeriosis and the high
      perinatal morbidity and mortality rates are remarkable. Epidemiological,
      bacteriological and placental sequelae of Listeria monocytogenes are discussed.

PMID- 3384166
TI  - Classic illustration: Effect of synthetic oxytocin on uterine activity in normal
      human pregnancy. 1957.

PMID- 3384165
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis in an in-vitro fertilization pregnancy: a case report.
AB  - A 33-yr-old woman with primary infertility of no known cause of 10 years duration
      underwent in-vitro fertilization. Mild flu-like symptoms and intermittent vaginal
      bleeding developed, and miliary mottling was seen throughout both lung fields. At
      14 weeks she aborted a normal male fetus; urine culture was positive for M.
      bovis. Six months later, after a course of antituberculous drugs, the patient was
      symptom-free.

PMID- 3384164
TI  - Single-dose prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery: amoxycillin/clavulanic acid
      versus the combination of cefuroxim and metronidazole in a randomized prospective
      comparison.
AB  - A prospective randomized study was conducted comparing a single 2.2 g
      preoperative dose amoxycillin/clavulanic acid with a regimen of 1.5 g cefuroxim
      combined with 0.5 g metronidazole. Two hundred and fifty-one women were evaluated
      in this comparative study. The febrile morbidity, the incidence of urinary tract
      infections and the hospital stay were similar in both regimens. A single
      preoperative dose of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid was as effective as a combined
      regimen of cefuroxim and metronidazole and less expensive.

PMID- 3384167
TI  - Antenatal screening. Current policies in the EC and evaluation.

PMID- 3384168
TI  - Epidemiological evaluation of prenatal screening procedures.

PMID- 3384169
TI  - Prenatal screening: current policy in EC countries.

PMID- 3384170
TI  - Consumer-oriented studies in relation to prenatal screening tests.

PMID- 3384171
TI  - Social and psychological research methods in the evaluation of prenatal screening
      procedures.

PMID- 3384172
TI  - The effect of androgen deprivation on branching morphogenesis in the mouse
      prostate.
AB  - Androgen-induced prostatic development encompasses many individual processes such
      as ductal branching morphogenesis, cellular proliferation, and secretory
      cytodifferentiation. Previous studies of ductal morphogenesis (Y. Sugimura, G.R.
      Cunha, and A.A. Donjacour, 1986, Biol. Reprod. 34, 961-971) demonstrated that the
      majority (approximately 70%) of ductal tips and branchpoints in the mouse
      prostate is generated before 15 days of age. Since circulating androgen levels
      are low during this neonatal period, it is possible that ductal branching
      morphogenesis may not require the continuous presence of androgens. To test this
      hypothesis mice were castrated within 24 hr of birth, and prostates from these
      mice were microdissected at various ages from 5 to 120 days of age to assess the
      number of ductal tips and branchpoints; wet weight and DNA content were also
      determined. In intact males wet weight and DNA content increased rapidly between
      15 and 60 days of age, after most of the prostatic ductal architecture had been
      laid down. Neonatal castration considerably reduced the number of tips and
      branchpoints in both the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, yet both lobes still
      underwent significant branching morphogenesis in the absence of testes. The
      administration of anti-androgens to neonatal castrates did not suppress ductal
      branching to any greater extent than did neonatal castration alone. Androgen
      replacement immediately following neonatal castration resulted in precocious
      attainment of the adult number of tips and branchpoints, but caused only modest
      increases in wet weight. In contrast, when androgen replacement was delayed until
      adulthood, prostatic wet weight increased to normal adult levels, but the number
      of ductal tips and branchpoints did not. These experiments show that neonatal
      prostatic ductal morphogenesis is sensitive to, but does not require, chronic
      androgen stimulation.

PMID- 3384173
TI  - Developmental consequences of the lack of myosin heavy chain in Dictyostelium
      discoideum.
AB  - Two different Dictyostelium discoideum cell lines that lack myosin heavy chain
      protein (MHC A) have been previously described. One cell line (mhcA) was created
      by antisense RNA inactivation of the endogenous mRNA and the other (HMM) by
      insertional mutagenesis of the endogenous myosin gene. The two cell lines show
      similar developmental defects; they are delayed in aggregation and become
      arrested at the mound stage. However, when cells that lack myosin heavy chain are
      mixed with wild-type cells, some of the mutant cells are capable of completing
      development to form mature spores. The pattern of expression of a number of
      developmentally regulated genes has been examined in both mutant cell lines.
      Although morphogenesis becomes aberrant before aggregation is completed, all of
      the markers that we have examined are expressed normally. These include genes
      expressed prior to aggregation as well as prespore genes expressed later in
      development. It appears that the signals necessary for cell-type differentiation
      are generated in the aborted structures formed by cells lacking MHC A. The mhcA
      cells have negligible amounts of MHC A protein while the HMM cells express normal
      amounts of a fragment of the myosin heavy chain protein similar to heavy
      meromyosin (HMM). The expression of myosin light chain was examined in these two
      cell lines. HMM cells accumulate normal amounts of the 18,000-D light chain,
      while the amount of light chain in mhcA cells is dramatically reduced. It is
      likely that the light chains assemble normally with the HMM fragment in HMM
      cells, while in cells lacking myosin heavy chain (mhcA) the light chains are
      unstable.

PMID- 3384174
TI  - MHC class I antigens as surface markers of adult erythrocytes during the
      metamorphosis of Xenopus.
AB  - An alloantiserum produced against Xenopus MHC class I antigens has been used to
      distinguish different erythrocyte populations at metamorphosis. By analysis using
      a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyzer, tadpole (stage 55) and
      adult erythrocytes have distinct volume differences and tadpole cells have no MHC
      antigens on the cell surface. Both tadpole and adult erythrocytes express a
      "mature erythrocyte" antigen marker, recognized by its monoclonal antibody
      (F1F6). During metamorphosis, immature erythrocytes, at various stages of
      differentiation, which express adult levels of cell-surface MHC antigens by 12
      days after tail resorption, are found in the bloodstream. These immature cells
      are biosynthetically active, produce adult hemoglobin, and mature by 60 days
      after the completion of metamorphosis. Percoll gradient-density fractionation has
      shown that all of the cells in the new erythrocyte series express adult levels of
      MHC antigens but there is only a gradual increase in the amount of "mature
      erythrocyte" antigen. Tadpole erythrocytes, which are biosynthetically active
      during larval stages, produce small amounts of surface MHC antigens before the
      metamorphic climax and then become metabolically inactive. They are completely
      cleared from the circulation by 60 days after metamorphosis. Erythrocytes from
      tadpoles arrested in their development for long periods of time express
      intermediate levels of MHC antigens, suggesting a "leaky" expression of these
      molecules in the tadpole cells. The most abundant erythrocyte cell-surface
      proteins from tadpoles and adults, as judged by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis, are very different.

PMID- 3384175
TI  - Synergistic actions of disulfide-reducing agents on 1-methyladenine-induced
      oocyte maturation in starfish.
AB  - Several disulfide-reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol, 2,3-dimercapto-1
      propanol, cysteine ethyl ester, and cysteine methyl ester enhanced the
      effectiveness of 1-methyladenine (1-MeAde) to induce oocyte maturation in the
      starfish Asterina pectinifera. This enhancement occurred at relatively low
      concentrations at which these agents by themselves were ineffective in inducing
      oocyte maturation. The agents caused a marked (about twofold) increase in
      specific [1-3H]MeAde binding. The binding increased directly in relation to the
      potency of the agents in enhancing 1-MeAde action. Scatchard analysis indicated
      that dithiothreitol increased the Bmax without affecting the affinity of 1-MeAde
      binding. These results strongly suggest that disulfide-reducing agents enhance
      the maturational action of 1-MeAde by increasing the number of 1-MeAde binding
      sites in oocyte cortices.

PMID- 3384176
TI  - The synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) in developing skin is independent of
      innervation.
AB  - The arrival of sensory fibers in developing mouse skin has been demonstrated to
      coincide precisely with the initiation of nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis in
      the skin (Davies et al., 1987). This temporal correlation suggested that the
      arrival of sensory fibers might initiate NGF synthesis in their target tissues.
      Here we have eliminated the sensory and motor neurons projecting to the chick leg
      by the removal of the neural primordia in 3-day-old embryos. The levels of mRNA
      NGF of intact and denervated leg skin were identical, indicating that the
      developmental regulation of NGF synthesis in the skin of chick embryos is
      independent of its innervation.